TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pope, K.O.
AU  - Sheffner, E.J.
AU  - Linthicum, K.J.
AU  - Bailey, C.L.
AU  - Logan, T.M.
AU  - Kasischke, E.S.
AU  - Birney, K.
AU  - Njogu, A.R.
AU  - Roberts, C.R.
TI  - Identification of central Kenyan Rift Valley Fever Virus vector habitats with Landsat TM and Evaluation of their flooding status with airborne imaging radar [Language: en]
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
PY  - 1992/06/01/
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
SP  - 185
EP  - 196
SN  - 00344257
AV  - Location: US; Number: 9186386
N1  - Note: HEALTHLIT Location: CSIR (Pretoria). Database Contributor: AGRIS; HEALTHLIT; COMPOSITE RECORD. Database Contributor ID: US9186386; 01043579. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES; AFRICAN HEALTHLINE. Corporate Author: TGS Technology Incorporated, MS 242-4, NASA Ames Research Center. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Journal Article. Accession Number: US9186386. Author Affiliation: Pope, K.O. : Geo Eco Arc Research, La Canada, CA 1; 
KW  - habitat studies
KW  - surveying and remote sensing and mapping and telemetry
KW  - public health and epidemiology
KW  - habitat studies
KW  - surveying and remote sensing and mapping and telemetry
KW  - public health and epidemiology
KW  - kenya
KW  - rift valley fever virus
KW  - vectors
KW  - aedes
KW  - culex
KW  - habitats
KW  - identification
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - flooded land
KW  - computer software
KW  - virus fievre de la vallee du rift
KW  - vecteur de maladie
KW  - habitat
KW  - teledetection
KW  - terre inondee
KW  - logiciel
KW  - kenia
KW  - virus fiebre del valle del rift
KW  - vectores
KW  - identificacion
KW  - teledeteccion
KW  - tierras inundadas
KW  - programas de ordenador
KW  - vector ecology
KW  - vector breeding sites
KW  - disease vectors
KW  - thematic mapper
KW  - programs
KW  - landsat satellites
KW  - disease control
KW  - rift valley fever
KW  - flooding
KW  - biological vectors
KW  - culicidae
KW  - grasses
KW  - vegetation
KW  - future requirements
KW  - east africa
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=US9186386&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
TI  - Post-Challenger evaluation of space shuttle risk assessment and management
PY  - 1988/01/01/
N1  - Note: Restrictions on access to electronic version: access available to SOAS staff and students only using SOAS ID and password. Database Contributor: SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL & AFRICAN STUDIES [SOAS]. Database Contributor ID: SO-1603-902746. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Corporate Author: National Research Council [U.S.] - Committee on Shuttle Criticality Review and Hazard Analysis Audit; United States - National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Research Council [U.S.] - Space Applications Board; ebrary Academic Complete. Language: English. Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book / Monograph. Accession Number: SO-1603-902746. 
KW  - Challenger [Spacecraft] - Accidents.
KW  - Space shuttles - Risk assessment
KW  - Electronic books.
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=SO-1603-902746&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Dick, Steven J.
TI  - America in space: NASA's first fifty years
PY  - 2007/01/01/
PB  - Abrams
SN  - 0-8109-9373-2
SN  - 0-8109-9373-2
N1  - Database Contributor: SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. Database Contributor ID: SANB-057140. Database Subset: SOUTH AFRICAN STUDIES. Corporate Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. History Office. Language: English. Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Place of Publication: New York. Accession Number: SANB-057140. Call Number: 629.40973 22. 
KW  - united states. national aeronautics and space administration - history - 20th century
KW  - astronautics - united states - history - 20th century
KW  - usa / national aeronautics and space administration. swd
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=SANB-057140&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Eddy, John A.
TI  - The sun, the earth, and near-earth space: a guide to the sun-earth system
PY  - 2009/01/01/
PB  - Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O
SN  - 0-16-083808-8
SN  - 0-16-083808-8
SN  - 0-16-083807-X
SN  - 0-16-083807-X
N1  - Note: Price: $66.00; CONTROL NO: (OCoLC)489215559 (OCoLC)495781355; Variation In The Flow Of Particles At The Earth -- Nature of arriving particles -- Solar sources -- Particles borne outward in CMEs -- Particles from solar flare -- Solar wind plasma -- Characteristics of slow solar wind streams -- High-speed solar wind streams -- Sectors in the sun's extended magnetic field -- Pushing and shoving on the way to the Earth -- When solar particles strike the Earth -- Through the guarded gates -- Magnetic reconnection -- Effects of changes in the Earth's magnetic field -- Cosmic rays -- Fate of cosmic rays -- Impacts Of Solar Variability -- Solar causes, terrestrial impacts, and social effects -- Impacts on near-Earth space -- Magnetic storms -- Aurora -- Impacts on the upper atmosphere -- Perturbing the Earth's electric field -- Restructuring the ionosphere -- Disturbing the biosphere: the lower atmosphere, oceans, and land surface -- Effects On Human Life And Endeavor -- What is affected -- Some specific societal effects -- Exposure of aircraft passengers and crews -- Risks to manned space flight -- Ocean of air -- Enhanced ultraviolet and X-ray radiation -- Solar X-rays -- Sun intensely bright -- Solar energetic particles and cosmic rays -- Physiological effects of ionizing radiation -- Importance of dosage -- Disaster that almost happened -- Impacts on spacecraft, space equipment and on observations of the Earth from space -- Times of particular hazard -- Flight paths of greatest risk -- Spacecraft at the Lagrangian Points of the sun-earth system -- Polar orbits and the South Atlantic anomaly -- Geosynchronous and geostationary orbits -- Destructive particles from the sun and the Earth's radiation belts -- Cosmic rays -- Atmospheric drag -- Impacts on micro-circuits and computer systems -- Damage to other space equipment -- Protecting against damage from high-energy particles -- Impacts on telecommunications, GPS, and navigation -- Direct and indirect reception of radio waves -- Role of the sun and solar variations -- Impacts on GPS and other navigation systems -- Effects on el; This book was made possible by NASA Living With a Start grant number NNG06EC631; Includes bibliographical references (p. 291-293) and index; Overview -- Stars around us -- Our dependence on the sun -- Sun's inconstancy -- Intruders from afar -- What gets by -- Voyages of discovery in an age of exploration -- New appreciation -- Consequences -- Interconnected system -- Sun -- Sun as a star -- Voyage to the sun -- Perpetual combustion -- Hidden source of solar energy -- Delayed delivery -- Radiant energy from the sun -- How constant is and was the sun? -- Metered sunshine -- First who saw the face of the sun -- Long watch -- Sun that we can see -- Photosphere -- Sunspots -- Bright faculae -- Beneath the shining surface: the bubble machine -- Lifting the veil: the unseen sun -- Sun's chromosphere's and corona -- How we see the corona and chromosphere -- Solar Wind & Solar Variability -- Solar wind -- Sources and characteristics of the solar wind -- Solar variability -- Why the sun varies -- Short- and long-term changes in solar activity -- Solar explosions and eruptions -- Explosive solar flares -- Solar prominences and filaments -- Coronal mass ejections -- Near-Earth Environment -- Protected planet -- Air above us -- Changes on the way to the top -- Troposphere -- Stratosphere -- Mesosphere and thermosphere -- Ionized upper atmosphere -- End of the atmosphere -- Into the magnetosphere -- Form and function of the magnetosphere -- Paths that particles follow -- Captive particles in the magnetosphere -- Earth's radiation belts -- Plasmasphere -- Heliosphere -- Cruising the heliosphere -- Fluctuations In Solar Radiation At The Earth -- Changes in total solar irradiance -- Variability in different parts of the spectrum -- Effects of the sun's rotation -- Effects of the Earth's orbit -- Lost in transit: the fate of solar radiation in the Earth's atmosphere --; Shipping list no.: 2010-0055-P; Includes index; NP-2009-1-066-GSFC; ADDED TITLE: Sun, the earth, and near earth space: a guide to the sun earth system; Guide to the sun-earth system; Cover title. Database Contributor: SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY. Database Contributor ID: SANB-065973. Database Subset: SOUTH AFRICAN STUDIES. Corporate Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Place of Publication: [Washington, D.C.]. Accession Number: SANB-065973. Call Number: 523.76. 
KW  - solar-terrestrial physics
KW  - solar activity
KW  - climatic changes - effect of solar activity on
KW  - weather - effect of solar activity on
KW  - sun
KW  - outer space
KW  - earth
KW  - heliosphere [astrophysics]
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=SANB-065973&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cahoon D.R. Jr.
AU  - Stocks B.J.
AU  - Levine J.S.
AU  - Cofer W.R. III
AU  - O'Neill K.P.
TI  - Seasonal distribution of African savanna fires. [Language: eng]
JO  - Nature
PY  - 1992/01/01/
VL  - 812
IS  - (6398)
SP  - 812
EP  - 815
N1  - Database Contributor: AGRIS. Database Contributor ID: GB19950047778. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Corporate Author: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 [USA]; Eidg. Forschungsanstalt fuer Agrarwirtschaft und Landtechnik, Taenikon [Switzerland]. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Journal Article. Accession Number: GB19950047778. 
KW  - sabanas
KW  - praderas
KW  - brulage
KW  - quema
KW  - grasslands
KW  - herbage
KW  - savannas
KW  - afrique
KW  - africa
KW  - burning
KW  - savane
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=GB19950047778&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haug R.
TI  - Agricultural crops and cultivation methods in the Northern Province of Zambia [chitemene, Mambwe system [Language: eng]
JO  - Occasional Paper - Agricultural University of Norway. International Development Programs [Norway]. Skriftserie - Agricultural University of Norway. International Development Programs
PY  - 1983/01/01/
IS  - 1.
SN  - 08001189
N1  - Database Contributor: AGRIS. Database Contributor ID: NO19840021368. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Corporate Author: Agricultural Univ. of Norway, Aas. Dept. of Farm Crops; United States. Dept. of Agriculture. AgRISTARS [USA]. Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Company [USA]. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center [USA]. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Journal Article. Accession Number: NO19840021368. 
KW  - culture alterne
KW  - cultivos
KW  - sistemas con barbecho
KW  - plante de culture
KW  - cultivo en rotacion
KW  - culture itinerante
KW  - zambia
KW  - crops
KW  - rotational cropping
KW  - zambie
KW  - cultivo migratorio
KW  - fallow systems
KW  - systeme jachere
KW  - shifting cultivation
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=NO19840021368&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matson, P A
AU  - Vitousek, P M
TI  - Cross-system comparisons of soil nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide flux in tropical forest ecosystems
JO  - Global Biogeochemical Cycles
PY  - 1987/01/01/
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
SP  - 163
EP  - 170
SN  - 08866236
AV  - AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION: 2000 Florida Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009, USA
N1  - Database Contributor: NATURAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE OF AFRICA NATCHA. Database Contributor ID: NATCHA-1099185. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Article. Accession Number: NATCHA-1099185. Author Affiliation: [1987] - Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA 1; 
AB  - NATCHA Abstract: Soil nitrogen transformations and nitrous oxide flux across the soil-air interface were measured in a range of tropical forest sites in Costa Rica, Brazil, and Hawaii. Nitrogen mineralisation and nitrification potentials were high in the relatively fertile Costa Rica sites and the Amazonian oxisol/ultisols (>1.5 ?g gminus1 dmins1 of N mineralised), intermediate in Amazonian white sand soils (0.5-0.8 ?g gminus1 dminus1) and low in the Hawaiian montane sites (<0.5 ?g gminus1 dminus1). Nitrous oxide fluxes ranged from 0 to 6.2 ng cmminus2 hminus1 of N; mean flux per site was highly correlated with mean nitrogen mineralisation across 26 sites. These correlated patterns of nitrogen cycling and trace gas production could be useful in the development of regional- and global-scale estimates of nitrous oxide fluxes from tropical forests
KW  - Forest environments
KW  - Tropical zones
KW  - Sediment / Soils / Soil quality
KW  - Montane environments
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Central America
KW  - Costa Rica
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - North America
KW  - South America
KW  - United States
KW  - Forest environments
KW  - Tropical zones
KW  - Sediment / Soils / Soil quality
KW  - Montane environments
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Central America
KW  - Costa Rica
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - North America
KW  - South America
KW  - United States
KW  - amazonian soils
KW  - mineralisation
KW  - n [nitrogen]
KW  - trace gas production
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=NATCHA-1099185&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Otterman, J.
TI  - Desert-scrub as the cause of reduced reflectances in protected versus impacted sandy arid areas [Language: en]
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
PY  - 1996/01/01/
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
SP  - 615
EP  - 619
SN  - 01431161
AV  - Location: GB; Number: 9628715
N1  - Database Contributor: AGRIS. Database Contributor ID: GB9628715. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Journal Article. Accession Number: GB9628715. Author Affiliation: Otterman, J. : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA 1; 
KW  - geography
KW  - information systems
KW  - soil morphological features
KW  - sand
KW  - reflectance
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - methods
KW  - vegetation
KW  - scrub
KW  - israel
KW  - egypt
KW  - geographie
KW  - systeme d'information
KW  - trait morphologique du sol
KW  - sable
KW  - teledetection
KW  - methode
KW  - egypte
KW  - geografia
KW  - sistemas de informacion
KW  - caracteristicas morfologicas suelo
KW  - arena
KW  - reflectancia
KW  - teledeteccion
KW  - metodos
KW  - vegetacion
KW  - matorral
KW  - egipto
KW  - geographical information systems
KW  - crusts
KW  - multispectral imagery
KW  - semi-desert scrub
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=GB9628715&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levine, J S
AU  - Cofer, W R
AU  - Sebacher, D I
AU  - Winstead, E L
AU  - Sebacher, S
AU  - Boston, P J
TI  - The effects of fire on biogenic soil emissions of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide
JO  - Global Biogeochemical Cycles
PY  - 1988/01/01/
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
SP  - 445
EP  - 449
SN  - 08866236
AV  - AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION: 2000 Florida Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009, USA
N1  - Database Contributor: NATURAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE OF AFRICA NATCHA. Database Contributor ID: NATCHA-1099232. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Article. Accession Number: NATCHA-1099232. Author Affiliation: [1988] - Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA 1; 
AB  - NATCHA Abstract: Measurements of biogenic soil emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) before and after a controlled burn conducted in a chaparral ecosystem on June 22, 1987, showed significantly enhanced emissions of both gases after the burn. Mean NO emissions from heavily burned and wetted (to simulate rainfall) sites exceeded 40 ng N mminus2 sminus1, an increase of 2 to 3 compared to preburn wetted site measurements. N2O emissions from burned and wetted sites ranged from 9 to 22 ng N mminus2 sminus1. Preburn N2O emissions from these wetted sites were all below the detection level of the instrumentation, indicating a flux below 2 ng N mminus2 sminus1. The flux of NO exceeded the N2O flux from burned wetted sites by factors ranging from 2.7 to 3.4. These measurements coupled with preburn and postburn measurements of ammonium and nitrate in the soil of this chaparral ecosystem and measurements of NO and N2O emissions obtained under controlled laboratory conditions suggest that the postfire enhancement of NO and N2O emissions is due to production of these gases by nitrifying bacteria
KW  - Macrophytes / Plants
KW  - Laboratory experiments
KW  - Bacteria / Fungi / Viruses
KW  - Macrophytes / Plants
KW  - Laboratory experiments
KW  - Bacteria / Fungi / Viruses
KW  - ammonium
KW  - chaparral
KW  - n2o [nitrous oxide]
KW  - no [nitric oxide]
KW  - soil emissions
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=NATCHA-1099232&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kvenvolden, K.A.
AU  - Hodgson, G W
TI  - Evidence for porphyrins in Early Precambrian Swaziland System sediments
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
PY  - 1969/01/01/
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
SP  - 1195
EP  - 1202
SN  - 00167037
AV  - Elsevier Science Ltd: The Boulevard, Langford Lane, East Park, Kidlington, Oxford OX5 1GB, United Kingdom
AV  - Pergamon Press Ltd
N1  - Database Contributor: NATURAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE OF AFRICA NATCHA. Database Contributor ID: NATCHA-862672. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Article. Accession Number: NATCHA-862672. Author Affiliation: [1969] - Exobiology Division, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA 1; US Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Mail Stop 999, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA 2; 
AB  - NATCHA Abstract: Small concentrations of porphyrins have been found in samples of Fig Tree shale (5 x 10E-6 Řg/g) and Onverwacht chert (5 x 10E-5 Řg/g) from Swaziland System sediments of South Africa. These sediments are more than 3 billion years old. The origin of these porphyrins is not known, but they are believed to be indigenous to the samples. The porphyrins may be relics of an ancient biochemistry
KW  - Geology
KW  - Chemistry
KW  - Africa
KW  - Swaziland
KW  - Geology
KW  - Chemistry
KW  - Africa
KW  - Swaziland
KW  - ancient biochemistry
KW  - ancient rocks
KW  - biosphere
KW  - fig tree shales
KW  - onverwacht chert
KW  - porphyrins
KW  - relics
KW  - sediment ages
KW  - sediments
KW  - southern africa
KW  - swaziland system
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=NATCHA-862672&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Kashefipour, S M
AU  - Falconer, R A
TI  - Predicting near-shore coliform bacteria concentrations using ANNS
JO  - Water Science and Technology
PY  - 2003/01/01/
VL  - 48
IS  - 10
SP  - 225
EP  - 232
PB  - IWA Publishing: Alliance House, 12 Caxton Street, London SW1H 0QS, United Kingdom
SN  - 02731223
AV  - Document Delivery: Unknown
N1  - Note: HEALTHLIT Location: Department of Water Affairs (Pretoria); Water Research Commission (Pretoria), Unknown; Unknown; Named Person: Selected proceeedings of 9th IWA International Conference on River Basin Management. Database Contributor: HEALTHLIT. Database Contributor ID: 870608. Database Subset: AFRICAN HEALTHLINE. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Article. Conference: Selected proceeedings of 9th IWA International Conference on River Basin Management, 11-13 September 2002, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. Accession Number: 870608. Author Affiliation: 2003 Year - School of Engineering, Cardiff University, PO Box 925, Cardiff CF24 0YF, United Kingdom 1; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184, Japan NASA Langley Research Center, MS 420, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA 2; Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, 34 Hujuguan, Nangjing 210024, Peoples Republic of China 3; Institute of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Research (IWHR), Beijing, Peoples Republic of China. Cardiff University, Division of Civil Engineering, Queen's Buildings, PO Box 686, Cardiff CF2 3TB, United Kingdom 4; Bradford University, Department of Civil Engineering, Bradford, West Yorkshire BD7 1DP, United Kingdom. Babtie Group Ltd, Craydon CR9 6BA, United Kingdom Division of Small Hydro Power, Department of Rural Electrification, Ministry of Water Resources and Electrc Power, PO Box 2905, Bejing, Peoples Republic of China 5; University of Tokyo, Institute of Industrial Science, 7-22-1 Roppongi, Minato-ku 106-8558, Japan 6; 
AB  - HEALTHLIT Abstract: Details are given of the application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to predicting the compliance of bathing waters along the coastline of the Firth of Clyde, situated in the south west of Scotland, UK. Water quality data collected at 7 locations during 1990-2000 were used to set up the neural networks. In this study faecal coliforms were used as a water quality indicator, i.e. output, and rainfall, river discharge, sunlight and tidal condition were used as input of these networks. In general, river discharge and tidal ranges were found to be the most important parameters that affect the coliform concentration levels. For compliance points close to the meteorological station, the influence of rainfall was found to be relatively significant to the concentration levels
KW  - Pollution / contamination
KW  - Coastal environments
KW  - Mathematical models / equations
KW  - Water quality
KW  - Europe
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Scotland
KW  - Pollution / contamination
KW  - Coastal environments
KW  - Mathematical models / equations
KW  - Water quality
KW  - Europe
KW  - United Kingdom
KW  - Scotland
KW  - water quality indicator species
KW  - coastal basins
KW  - bathing waters
KW  - artificial neural networks [ill]
KW  - faecal indicator organisims
KW  - faecal coliforms
KW  - river discharge
KW  - tidal ranges
KW  - concentration levels
KW  - swimmers
KW  - predicted environmental concentration
KW  - firth of clyde [map]
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=870608&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, C
AU  - Zhang, P
AU  - Klooster, S
AU  - Genovese, V
AU  - Shekhar, S
AU  - Kumar, V
TI  - Understanding controls on historical river discharge in the worldÆs largest drainage basins
JO  - Earth Interactions
PY  - 2004/01/01/
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
SN  - 10873562
AV  - AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION: 2000 Florida Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009, USA
N1  - Database Contributor: NATURAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE OF AFRICA NATCHA. Database Contributor ID: NATCHA-1112448. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Article. Accession Number: NATCHA-1112448. Author Affiliation: [2008] - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 1; 
AB  - NATCHA Abstract: Long-term (20 yr) river discharge records from 30 of the world's largest river basins have been used to characterise surface hydrologic flows in relation to net precipitation inputs, ocean climate teleconnections, and human land/water use patterns. This groundwork study is presented as a precedent to distributed simulation modelling of surface hydrologic flows in large river basins. Correlation analysis is used as a screening method to classify river basins into categories based on major controls on discharge, for example, climate, land use, and dams. Comparisons of paired station records at upstream and downstream discharge locations within each major river basin suggest that the discharge signals represented in upstream discharge records are sustained in the downstream station records for nearly two-thirds of the drainage basins selected. River basins that showed the strongest localised climate control over historical discharge records, in terms of correlations with net basinwide precipitation rates, are located mainly in the seasonally warm temperate and tropical latitude zones, as opposed to river basins located mainly in the higher latitude zones (above 45°N). Ocean climate indices such as the Niño1+2 and Niño3+4 correlate highly with historical interannual patterns in monthly river discharge for only four of the selected discharge station records, namely, on the Amazon, Congo (Zaire), Columbia, and Colorado (Arizona) Rivers. Historical patterns of cropland development and irrigated areas may explain the weak climate correlations with interannual patterns in monthly river discharge rates for at least one-third of the major river drainages selected from the historical discharge dataset
KW  - Water utilisation
KW  - Rivers / lakes
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Africa
KW  - Brazil
KW  - North America
KW  - South America
KW  - United States
KW  - Zaire
KW  - Water utilisation
KW  - Rivers / lakes
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Africa
KW  - Brazil
KW  - North America
KW  - South America
KW  - United States
KW  - Zaire
KW  - amazon river
KW  - colorado river
KW  - columbia river
KW  - congo river
KW  - discharge
KW  - land use
KW  - precipitation
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koch, G J
TI  - Using a Doppler light detection and ranging [lidar] system to characterize an atmospheric thermal providing lift for soaring raptors
JO  - Journal of Field Ornithology
PY  - 2006/01/01/
VL  - 77
IS  - 3
SP  - 315
EP  - 318
PB  - University Press
SN  - 02738570
N1  - Database Contributor: AFROTROPICAL BIRDS DATABASE. Database Contributor ID: 858969. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Article. Place of Publication: Matabeleland Branch.. Accession Number: 858969. Author Affiliation: [2006-2006] - Hampton, Virginia 23681, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, NASA Langley Research Center 1; 
AB  - BIRDS Abstract: Raptors and other large birds in soaring flight take advantage of upward drafts of air called thermals to maintain altitude with minimal flapping. I used a Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) system to characterize a thermal in which raptors were soaring. Doppler lidar allows imaging of wind fields to reveal the structure of updrafts and downdrafts in a thermal. The thermal I monitored was in the form of a horizontal convective roll created at a transition from clear sky to partly cloudy sky, and gave both lift and lateral motion to the soaring birds. The thermal was 700 m high with a vertical wind speed that peaked at 3 m/s, so raptors could have soared to and maintained that altitude as the horizontal wind moved the thermal. My results suggest that imaging wind fields with Doppler lidar can be a useful tool for studying thermals and how they are used by soaring birds. An effective combination for further study of bird flight interaction with wind phenomena would be to add lidar measurements to an established means of tracking bird flight by radio or GPS transmitters, aircraft tracking, or radar
KW  - Birds
KW  - Techniques / Apparatus / Gear / Methods
KW  - Fieldwork / Field experiments / Monitoring
KW  - Atmospheric environments
KW  - Birds
KW  - Techniques / Apparatus / Gear / Methods
KW  - Fieldwork / Field experiments / Monitoring
KW  - Atmospheric environments
KW  - raptors
KW  - doppler lidar
KW  - soaring flight
KW  - light detection and ranging system
KW  - thermals
KW  - wind field patterns
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=858969&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, C
AU  - Klooster, S
AU  - Tan, P
AU  - Steinbach, M
AU  - Kumar, V
AU  - Genovese, V
TI  - Variability in terrestrial carbon sinks over two decades. Part III: South America, Africa, and Asia
JO  - Earth Interactions
PY  - 2006/01/01/
VL  - 9
IS  - 29
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 10873562
AV  - AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION: 2000 Florida Avenue NW, Washington DC 20009, USA
N1  - Database Contributor: NATURAL & CULTURAL HERITAGE OF AFRICA NATCHA. Database Contributor ID: NATCHA-1112418. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Article. Accession Number: NATCHA-1112418. Author Affiliation: [2008] - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 1; 
AB  - NATCHA Abstract: Seventeen years (1982-98) of net carbon flux predictions for Southern Hemisphere continents have been analysed, based on a simulation model using satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover. The NASA Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model was driven by vegetation-cover properties derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and radiative transfer algorithms that were developed for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The terrestrial ecosystem flux for atmospheric CO2 for the Amazon region of South America has been predicted between a biosphere source of -0.17 Pg C per year (in 1983) and a biosphere sink of +0.64 Pg C per year (in 1989). The areas of highest variability in net ecosystem production (NEP) fluxes across all of South America were detected in the south-central rain forest areas of the Amazon basin and in southeastern Brazil. Similar levels of variability were recorded across central forested portions of Africa and in the southern horn of East Africa, throughout Indonesia, and in eastern Australia. It is hypothesised that periodic droughts and wildfires associated with four major El Niño events during the 1980s and 1990s have held the net ecosystem carbon sink for atmospheric CO2 in an oscillating pattern of a 4-6-yr cycle, despite observations of increasing net plant carbon fixation over the entire 17-yr time period
KW  - Forest environments
KW  - Remote sensing / GIS (Geographical Information Systems)
KW  - Terrestrial environments
KW  - Atmospheric environments
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Africa
KW  - Amazon River and Basin
KW  - Asia
KW  - Australia
KW  - Brazil
KW  - South America
KW  - Forest environments
KW  - Remote sensing / GIS (Geographical Information Systems)
KW  - Terrestrial environments
KW  - Atmospheric environments
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Africa
KW  - Amazon River and Basin
KW  - Asia
KW  - Australia
KW  - Brazil
KW  - South America
KW  - carbon flux
KW  - carnegieûamesûstanford approach [casa]
KW  - co2 [carbon dioxide]
KW  - droughts
KW  - fires
KW  - modis [moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer]
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=NATCHA-1112418&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tucker, C.J.
AU  - Nicholson, S.E.
TI  - Variations in the size of the Sahara desert from 1980 to 1997 [Language: en]
JO  - Ambio: a journal of the human environment
PY  - 1999/11/01/
VL  - 28
IS  - 7
SP  - 587
EP  - 591
SN  - 00447447
AV  - Location: SE; Number: 1999022405
N1  - Database Contributor: AGRIS. Database Contributor ID: SE1999022405. Database Subset: AFRICAN STUDIES. Language: English. Document Type: Article. Publication Type: Journal Article. Accession Number: SE1999022405. Author Affiliation: Tucker, C.J. : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Md. USA . Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics 1; 
KW  - desertification
KW  - deserts
KW  - dimensions
KW  - precipitation
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellites
KW  - sahara desert
KW  - desert
KW  - dimension
KW  - teledetection
KW  - satellite
KW  - desert du sahara
KW  - desertificacion
KW  - desiertos
KW  - precipitacion atmosferica
KW  - teledeteccion
KW  - satelites
KW  - desierto del sahara
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=awn&AN=SE1999022405&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - awn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of hypobaric hyperoxia in vivo on lipid synthesis in rat liver and adipose tissue slices.
AU  - Feller, D. D.
AU  - Neville, E. D.
AU  - Talarico, K. S.
JO  - Aerospace Medicine
JF  - Aerospace Medicine
Y1  - 1971///
VL  - 42
IS  - 9
SP  - 949
EP  - 956
AD  - Feller, D. D.: Environmental Biology Division, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19731401060.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Animal Nutrition; Human Nutrition
N2  - Rats were kept in ambient air or in 100% oxygen at barometric pressures of 191, 258 or 350 mm Hg for up to 4 days with free access to food, or were kept in ambient air but pair-fed with the experimental rats. The food intake of rats in 100% oxygen at 350 mm Hg was reduced, and those of the rats at 191 and 258 mm were similar and further reduced. The rats at 191 mm did not gain weight. Plasma corticosterone was lower than in pair-fed controls only in the rats at 350 mm. In general plasma glucose was similar in all groups. Free fatty acids in plasma, corresponding to food intake, rose initially in rats in 100% oxygen and in pair-fed rats, but fell later in those in 100% oxygen groups and in pair-fed rats at 350 mm. Total lipids in plasma showed different responses to the treatments. Conversion rates of acetate-2-14C to fatty acids by liver slices seemed to increase with increasing food intake, and were greater in rats in 100% oxygen than in pair-fed controls. Conversion to CO2 was greater by slices from rats at 350 mm than by those from pair-fed controls. During conversion of acetate-2-14C by adipose tissue, more fatty acids and less CO2 were produced by the rats in 100% oxygen than by pair-fed controls. There were only slight changes in plasma when the food intake of rats at 258 mm and 350 mm was reduced, but the conversion of acetate-2-14C to fatty acids by liver and adipose tissue fell to values for pair-fed rats. Both rats in 100% oxygen and pair-fed controls now converted a greater proportion to acetate to CO2.
KW  - formation
KW  - hyperoxia
KW  - lipids
KW  - LIPOGENESIS
KW  - RATS
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - lipid formation
KW  - lipins
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19731401060&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Nutritional and hormonal aspects of the oxygen toxicity syndrome.
AU  - LEON, H. A.
AU  - BROOKSBY, G. A.
AU  - CHACKERIAN, M. J.
AU  - STALEY, R. W.
JO  - Aerospace Medicine
JF  - Aerospace Medicine
Y1  - 1971///
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
SP  - 512
EP  - 517
AD  - LEON, H. A.: Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19721493784. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English.  Registry Number: 50-22-6, 9004-10-8, 7782-44-7.
N2  - Young male rats were exposed to pure oxygen continuously for 28 days at pressures from 197 to 760 mm Hg. Food intake, growth and food efficiency as well as some biochemical values were estimated. Control rats were given an amount of food equal to that eaten by the rats exposed to oxygen. Most criteria were maximum at an exposure pressure of 450 mm Hg. At pressures above this, food intake, growth, food efficiency and plasma protein-bound I and insulin were significantly depressed. Plasma glucose and corticosterone as well as the capacity of liver preparations to incorporate amino acids showed similar trends. Plasma protein-bound I, insulin and glucose were all depressed at pressures below 450 mm Hg although neither food intake nor growth rates were significantly decreased. There were similar changes and trends in all the control groups. The results suggest that the specific changes were not directly caused by oxygen but were more related to the effect that oxygen or other conditions of the confinement have on the appetite, the changes observed being a direct result of the altered food intake.
KW  - amino acids
KW  - animal models
KW  - appetite
KW  - corticosterone
KW  - food
KW  - food intake
KW  - growth rate
KW  - insulin
KW  - liver
KW  - oxygen
KW  - toxicity
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - small mammals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140)
KW  - Food Science and Food Products (Human) (QQ000)
KW  - Diet Studies (VV110)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - gha
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The influence of starvation upon hepatic drug metabolism in rats, mice, and guinea pigs.
AU  - FIRNER, R. L.
AU  - FELLER, D. D.
JO  - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
JF  - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
Y1  - 1971///
VL  - 137
IS  - 3
SP  - 816
EP  - 819
SN  - 0037-9727
AD  - FIRNER, R. L.: Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19721403785. Publication Type: Journal Article. Language: English. 
N2  - Male rats, mice and guineapigs were starved for 1, 2 or 3 days. The metabolism of aniline was stimulated by starvation in all, that of p-nitroanisole only in mice and rats and that of ethylmorphine only in mice. The results suggest that the oxidative enzyme systems studied are not interdependent and the pathways seem to be species dependent.
KW  - animal models
KW  - drug metabolism
KW  - enzymes
KW  - starvation
KW  - guineapigs
KW  - man
KW  - mice
KW  - rats
KW  - Cavia
KW  - Caviidae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - Muridae
KW  - small mammals
KW  - guinea pigs
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=gha&AN=19721403785&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - gha
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Adrenal and pituitary response of the Apollo 15 crew members.
AU  - Leach, C. S.
AU  - Alexander, W. C.
AU  - Johnson, P. C.
JO  - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
JF  - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
Y1  - 1972///
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
SP  - 642
EP  - 645
SN  - 0021-972X
AD  - Leach, C. S.: DB62/Endocrine Lab., Manned Spacecraft Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Tex. 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19731407785.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Animal Nutrition; Human Nutrition
N2  - Samples of blood and urine were obtained from the 3 crew members of Apollo 15 before the space flight, on the day of return to earth and at intervals up to 13 days thereafter. Mean values are presented for Na, K, Cl, angiotensin I, ACTH and cortisol in plasma or serum and for Na, K, Cl, H+, osmolality, volume, aldosterone, cortisol, 17-ketosteroids and antidiuretic hormone of urine. Also tabulated are mean exchangeable K, plasma volume and bodyweight.Differences of statistical significance were the lower K and cortisol concentration of plasma on the day of return compared with preflight values, the higher rate of aldosterone excretion in urine during the first 40 h after recovery compared with preflight excretion and the reduction in bodyweight and exchangeable K per cent of bodyweight of the day of return compared with preflight values. During the flight mean daily intake from the diet was 2665 kcal, 228 m-equiv Na and 75 m-equiv K. On the basis of the present observations and the previously observed in-flight increase in urine aldosterone excretion, it is suggested that increased secretion of this hormone could be one of man's adaptations to the weightless environment.
KW  - adrenal cortex hormones
KW  - blood
KW  - hormones
KW  - pituitary
KW  - space flight
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - adrenal and pituitary response
KW  - anterior
KW  - hypophysis
KW  - pituitary gland
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19731407785&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Caloric balance during simulated and actual space flight.
AU  - Rambaut, P. C.
AU  - Heidelbaugh, N. D.
AU  - Reid, J. M.
AU  - Smith, M. C., Jr.
JO  - Aerospace Medicine
JF  - Aerospace Medicine
Y1  - 1973///
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
SP  - 1264
EP  - 1269
AD  - Rambaut, P. C.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Food and Nutrition Branch, Biomedical Research Division, Houston, Tex. 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19741418868.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - The probable energy expenditure of Skylab crewmen during a 28- to 56-day period of weightless flight was examined. Nutritional data were obtained for astronauts or experimental subjects under conditions of space flight, ground base ambulation, ground based hypokinetics, altered gravity axes and ground based hypobaric atmosphere. The mean in-flight energy intake for the 11 Apollo flights was 24.9 plus or minus 5.3 kcal/kg daily, which was associated with losses in body mass of the astronauts of 3.53 plus or minus 1.25 kg. Those data indicated a mean daily intake of 1879 plus or minus 415 kcal for the US astronauts. The recommended daily intake was 2800 kcal. On Apollo 16 and 17 measurements made of total body water, total body volume, total body K and N balance indicated losses of protein, fat and bone minerals. The in-flight requirements were similar to those measured for the ground based intakes of the astronauts. The mean energy intake of 8 subjects confined to a bed-rest trial for 56 days was 36.7 plus or minus 6.3 kcal/kg daily. At this intake body composition and weight remained initially unchanged. A series of ambulatory food consumption tests predicted a mean in-flight daily requirement of 33.6 plus or minus 4.5 kcal/kg.
KW  - energy
KW  - energy requirements
KW  - requirements
KW  - space flight
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Diet Studies (VV110) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19741418868&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of rehydration on +GZ tolerance after 14-days' bed rest.
AU  - Greenleaf, J. E.
AU  - Beaumont, W. van
AU  - Bernauer, E. M.
AU  - Haines, R. F.
AU  - Sandler, H.
AU  - Staley, R. W.
AU  - Young, H. L.
AU  - Yusken, J. W.
JO  - Aerospace Medicine
JF  - Aerospace Medicine
Y1  - 1973///
VL  - 44
IS  - 7, I
SP  - 715
EP  - 722
AD  - Greenleaf, J. E.: Biomedical Research Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19741416266.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 7732-18-5.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
KW  - acceleration
KW  - metabolism
KW  - tolerance
KW  - water
KW  - relation to acceleration tolerance and bedrest
KW  - relation to water metabolism and bedrest
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19741416266&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Food safety in NASA nutrition programs.
AU  - Heidelbaugh, N. D.
AU  - Smith, M. C.
AU  - Rambaut, P. C.
JO  - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
JF  - Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
Y1  - 1973///
VL  - 163
IS  - 9
SP  - 1065
EP  - 1070
SN  - 0003-1488
AD  - Heidelbaugh, N. D.: Biomedical Research Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.
N1  - Accession Number: 19741416620.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition; Veterinary Science
N2  - The Skylab launched in May 1973 carried food for 3 men for about 170 days. The foods took 9 months to prepare, so they were stored on average about 18 months before use. Proximate composition and content of 11 minerals and 12 vitamins were estimated and kept constant between servings of the same food. Count of total aerobic bacteria is given for 25 dried foods and 11 dried drinks, with 7 frozen, 12 canned and 12 miscellaneous foods; the highest was 9800/g in a dried soup. Food in Skylab could be warmed to a maximum of 69 deg C, because it would have boiled at 72 deg , and that took 2 h. Those ideal conditions for growth of microorganisms were taken into account when the limits were set at: total aerobic bacteria 10 000/g, Escherichia coli none in 1 g, coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. none in 5 g, Salmonella spp. none in 25 g, Clostridium perfringens 100/g and yeasts and moulds 100/g. Identical foods kept at the same unusually high temperatures as occurred in Skylab lost nutrients slightly, mainly ascorbic and pantothenic acids and thiamin; some foods lost quality a little. Minimum water content for multiplication of different organisms is noted. Packing and stowing of food containers and hygienic precautions taken during their preparation are described.It was concluded that there was a need for professional leadership in food control programmes for all parts of society and it has been recommended that veterinarians specially trained in public health and food technology or food microbiology should take that responsibility (Committee on Veterinary Medical Research and Education, National Research Council, New Horizons for Veterinary Medicine. Washington, USA, 1972. National Academy of Sciences).
KW  - food safety
KW  - foods
KW  - microorganisms
KW  - space flight
KW  - USA
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - North America
KW  - America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - astronauts
KW  - composition and safety
KW  - food for astronauts
KW  - micro-organisms
KW  - safety limits
KW  - United States of America
KW  - Diet Studies (VV110) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19741416620&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Alteration of pituitary-adrenal dynamics induced by a water deprivation regimen.
AU  - Sakellaris, P. C.
AU  - Vernikos-Danellis, J.
JO  - Physiology and Behavior
JF  - Physiology and Behavior
Y1  - 1974///
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
SP  - 1067
EP  - 1070
AD  - Sakellaris, P. C.: Human Studies Branch, Biomedical Research Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19741423015.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 50-22-6, 7732-18-5.  Subject Subsets: Animal Nutrition; Human Nutrition
N2  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats 60 days old were allowed food and water freely or were given access to water for 20 min only each day. After 7, 28 and 56 days rats from both groups were killed; at 56 days some rats were given pyrogen-free saline intraperitoneally. Plasma corticosterone was significantly higher in rats deprived of water than in controls at 7 and 28 days but at 56 days there was no significant difference. A significant stress response to the saline injection was evident within 2.5 min in deprived rats but controls showed no change at that time; by 10 min both groups had significantly increased plasma steroids which did not differ between each other.
KW  - adrenal cortex hormones
KW  - blood
KW  - corticosterone
KW  - deprivation
KW  - steroids
KW  - water
KW  - water deprivation
KW  - RATS
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - steroids in blood
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19741423015&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of acute dehydration and starvation on muscular strength and endurance.
AU  - Bosco, J. S.
AU  - Greenleaf, J. E.
AU  - Bernauer, E. M.
AU  - Card, D. H.
JO  - Acta Physiologica Polonica
JF  - Acta Physiologica Polonica
Y1  - 1974///
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
SP  - 411
EP  - 421
AD  - Bosco, J. S.: 239-17 NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19751435375.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 7732-18-5.  Subject Subsets: Animal Nutrition; Human Nutrition
N2  - Maximum isometric muscular strength of elbow flexion, shoulder extension and knee extension and muscular endurance were estimated in 21 men from 21 to 30 years old before and after 3 days when they had water freely and a diet with 45% protein to supply 2887 kcal/day, the same food but with water restricted to 1066 ml/day or total deprivation of food and water. Mean bodyweight loss was 1.5, 5.7 and 5.8%, respectively. Mean body strength losses were 7.5, 10.4 and 9.7%. Mean left elbow strength was reduced 13.4% in the controls and 16.6% in the dehydrated group; right knee extension strength was reduced 12.6% with starvation. Endurance to sit-ups decreased 9% with dehydration and 13% with starvation. The dehydration and starvation states could be distinguished from the control by similar increases in serum creatinine, urine K and osmolarity, and decreases in bodyweight, plasma volume, urine min volume and creatinine clearance. Changes unique to starvation were increased creatinine in urine and decreased glucose in serum and Cl in urine. Only increased serum osmolarity with dehydration separated it from starvation and control states. With dehydration, the decreased strength and endurance is attributed to water loss and electrolyte shifts. The greater loss of strength and endurance with starvation is attributed to water and electrolyte losses, especially K, and the fall in serum glucose concentration.
KW  - deprivation
KW  - fasting
KW  - performance
KW  - water
KW  - work
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - fasting and water deprivation
KW  - work performance
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19751435375&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of parathyroidectomy on bone growth and composition in the young rat.
AU  - Keil, L. C.
AU  - Evans, J. W.
AU  - Prinz, J. A.
JO  - Growth
JF  - Growth
Y1  - 1974///
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 519
EP  - 527
AD  - Keil, L. C.: Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19751430450.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 7440-70-2, 7439-95-4, 7723-14-0.  Subject Subsets: Animal Nutrition; Human Nutrition
N2  - When 28 days old male Sprague-Dawley rats had their parathyroids removed or a sham operation; they were killed 28, 56 or 84 days after the operation. In parathyroidectomised (PTX) rats, body mass was reduced by about 20% compared with that of controls. Plasma Ca in PTX rats was reduced by between 3.34 and 4.14 mg/100 ml, plasma P rose by 5.94 to 7.06 mg/100 ml but there was no change in plasma Mg. Femur was significantly shorter in PTX rats than in controls. Femur Mg was increased by 22 to 30% in PTX rats but femur Ca remained unchanged. Bone P was increased at 56 and 84 days.
KW  - blood
KW  - bones
KW  - calcium
KW  - magnesium
KW  - parathyroid
KW  - parathyroidectomy
KW  - phosphorus
KW  - removal
KW  - RATS
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - bone composition and development
KW  - composition and development
KW  - parathyroid gland
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19751430450&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Short-term blood calcium regulation in the monkey.
AU  - Young, D. R.
AU  - Thomson, G. A.
AU  - Howard, W. H.
AU  - Adachi, R. R.
AU  - Lutwak, L.
JO  - Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics
JF  - Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics
Y1  - 1975///
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
SP  - 243
EP  - 257
SN  - 0022-3174
AD  - Young, D. R.: Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19751439085.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 7440-70-2.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - A simplified model of the blood Ca distribution system was constructed from results obtained from studies on induced hypercalcaemia in adult rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and pigtail (M. nemestrina) monkeys aged about 10 years. The monkeys were fed on commercial diet and their weight was kept constant for some time before the experiment. A Ca compound was given by vein and Ca in blood and urine was estimated periodically. Initial distribution volume of Ca relative to plasma volume and the model parameter which determines the decay of blood Ca values in monkeys are similar to those in man. The blood response during hypercalcaemia was predominantly linear. The response of urine to hypercalcaemia accounted for about half of the flow rate loss from the blood. About 50% of the Ca was taken up by the tissue and muscle appeared to be the largest reservoir for exogenous Ca. When blood Ca was normal urine response was related in a non-linear fashion to Ca infusion rate.
KW  - blood
KW  - blood chemistry
KW  - calcium
KW  - regulation
KW  - monkeys
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19751439085&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A fine structural study of degenerative changes in the dorsal column nuclei of aging mice. Lack of protection by vitamin E.
AU  - Johnson, J. E., Jr.
AU  - Mehler, W. R.
AU  - Miquel, J.
JO  - Journal of Gerontology
JF  - Journal of Gerontology
Y1  - 1975///
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
SP  - 395
EP  - 411
SN  - 0022-1422
AD  - Johnson, J. E., Jr.: Ames Research Center, NASA, Neurosciences Branch 239-18, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19751436140.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 1406-18-4.  Subject Subsets: Animal Nutrition; Human Nutrition
KW  - degeneration
KW  - old age
KW  - spinal cord
KW  - vitamin E
KW  - MICE
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - degeneration of spinal cord in old age
KW  - disorders
KW  - spinal cord dgeneration
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
KW  - Animal Science (General) (LL000) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19751436140&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Changes in glucose, insulin, and growth hormone levels associated with bedrest.
AU  - Vernikos-Danellis, J.
AU  - Leach, C. S.
AU  - Winget, C. M.
AU  - Goodwin, A. L.
AU  - Rambaut, P. C.
JO  - Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 1976///
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
SP  - 583
EP  - 587
SN  - 0095-6562
AD  - Vernikos-Danellis, J.: Biomedical Research Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19761449690.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 26 ref. Registry Number: 9004-10-8.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Changes in plasma glucose, insulin and somatotropin resulting from 56 days in bed were estimated in 5 healthy young men. Blood samples were collected by repeated venous puncture at 4-h intervals for 48-h periods before, at 10, 20, 30, 42 and 54 days of confinement to bed and at 10 and 20 days after. Changes in daily values for each man were expressed as the mean of the 6 samples/24-h period. Plasma somatotropin fell after 10 days of rest, showed a 1.5-fold increase at 20 days and subsequently decreased gradually reaching 2.5 mg/ml well below basal mean of 4.2 mg/ml by the 54th day. Although the daily plasma insulin values increased during the first 30 days of rest, plasma glucose remained unchanged. Beyond 30 days of rest, insulin began decreasing to initial values and glucose followed with a fall to below the control mean of 75 mg/100 ml on day 54. The daily mean changes reflect a change in the amplitude of the diurnal variation. The daily peak in plasma insulin shifted progressively to the late evening during the rest period.
KW  - blood
KW  - blood sugar
KW  - insulin
KW  - blood glucose
KW  - glucose in blood
KW  - inactivity
KW  - somatrotropin in blood
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19761449690&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of exercise on fluid exchange and body composition in man during 14-day bed rest.
AU  - Greenleaf, J. E.
AU  - Bernauer, E. M.
AU  - Juhos, L. T.
AU  - Young, H. L.
AU  - Morse, J. T.
AU  - Staley, R. W.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1977///
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
SP  - 126
EP  - 132
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Greenleaf, J. E.: Lab. Human Environmental Physiology, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19771460946.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 21 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Body composition, fluid intake and fluid and electrolyte losses were estimated in 7 healthy men 19 to 21 years old during 3 periods of bed-rest (BR) for 2 weeks separated by 2 recovery periods of 3 weeks. Their energy intake was 3073 plus or minus 155 kcal daily. During 2 of the 3 BR periods they performed supine isotonic exercise at 68% of their maximum oxygen uptake on the ergometer for 1 h daily or supine isometric exercise at 21% of maximum leg extension force for 1 min followed by a 1-min rest for 1 h daily. No prescribed exercise was given during the other BR period. During BR, bodyweight fell slightly without exercise by 0.43 kg, but fell significantly by 0.91 kg with isometric and 1.77 kg with isotonic exercise. About one-third of the weight reduction with isotonic exercise was due to fat loss and the remainder to loss of lean body mass. It is concluded that the reduction in bodyweight during BR has 2 major components: a loss of lean body mass caused by assumption of the horizontal body position that is independent of the metabolic rate, and a loss of body fat content that is proportional to the metabolic rate.
KW  - body composition
KW  - body fat
KW  - body lean mass
KW  - exercise
KW  - exercise on body composition during periods of bed rest
KW  - lean body mass
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19771460946&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Insulin and glucose responses during bed rest with isotonic and isometric exercise.
AU  - Dolkas, C. B.
AU  - Greenleaf, J. E.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1977///
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
SP  - 1033
EP  - 1038
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Dolkas, C. B.: Biomedical Research Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19781467696.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 21 ref. Registry Number: 9004-10-8.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - The effects of daily intensive isotonic (68% maximum oxygen uptake (Vo2 max)) and isometric (21% maximum extension force) leg exercise on plasma insulin and glucose responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during 14-day bed-rest (BR) periods were studied in 7 young healthy men. The OGTT was given during ambulatory control and on day 10 of the no-exercise, isotonic, and isometric exercise BR periods during the 15-week study. The subjects were on a controlled diet supplying 3073 kcal daily starting 10 days before each BR period. During BR, basal plasma glucose concentration remained unchanged with no exercise, but increased to 87 to 89 mg/100 ml with both exercises on day 2, and then fell slightly below control values on day 13. The fall of glucose content by 11 to 15% during BR was independent of the exercise and was an adjustment for the loss of plasma volume. The intensity of the responses of insulin and glucose to the OGTT, integrated area under the curves, was inversely proportional to the total daily energy expenditure during BR; the largest response with no exercise, then isometric, isotonic and ambulatory exercise. At least 1020 kcal daily must be provided by supplemental exercise to restore the hyperinsulinaemia to control values.
KW  - bed rest
KW  - blood sugar
KW  - exercise
KW  - glucose tolerance
KW  - insulin
KW  - blood glucose
KW  - blood sugar tolerance
KW  - glucose in blood
KW  - insulin and glucose response during bed rest with exercise
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19781467696&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaporative water loss in man in gravity-free environment.
AU  - Leach, C. S.
AU  - Leonard, J. I.
AU  - Rambaut, P. C.
AU  - Johnson, P. C.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1978///
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
SP  - 430
EP  - 436
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Leach, C. S.: Space Research and Operations Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston 77058, Tex., USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19781478942.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 31 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Daily evaporative water losses (EWL) during the three Skylab missions were estimated indirectly using mass and water-balance methods. The mean daily EWL for the 9 crew members with on average 1 h of daily exercise were, preflight 1750 ml or 970 ml/m2 and inflight 1560 or 860 ml/m2. Although it was expected the EWL would increase in the hypobaric environment of Skylab (one-third atmosphere), an average decrease from preflight sea-level conditions of 11% was estimated. The results suggest that weightlessness decreased sweat losses during exercise and possibly reduced insensible skin losses as well. Weightlessness apparently promotes the formation of a sweat film on the skin surface during exercise by reducing convective flow and sweat drippage, resulting in increased wetness of skin which favours sweat suppression.
KW  - body water
KW  - gravity
KW  - space flight
KW  - sweat
KW  - Man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - evaporative water loss in gravity-free environment
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19781478942&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Inhibition of the pituitary-adrenal response to stress during deprivation-induced feeding.
AU  - Heybach, J. P.
AU  - Vernikos-Danellis, J.
JO  - Endocrinology
JF  - Endocrinology
Y1  - 1979///
VL  - 104
IS  - 4
SP  - 967
EP  - 973
AD  - Heybach, J. P.: Biomedical Research Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19791487176.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 14 ref. Registry Number: 50-22-6, 9002-60-2.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g initially were deprived of food and water for 2 days. Then 10 were allowed free access to food and water for the rest of the experiment and the others were restricted in access to food and water to 1 h daily. On days 22 to 26, rats were killed before and 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 min after food was available without or with stress as the result of handling. Plasma corticosterone and corticotropin decreased after food and water were presented and corticotropin in the pituitary increased. Stress, up to 5 min after food was presented, inhibited the increase in plasma corticotropin but did not inhibit corticotropin synthesis. The inhibition of corticotropin and corticosterone secretion in response to stress was transient and disappeared as a relatively linear function of the interval between food presentation and application of stress.
KW  - corticosterone
KW  - corticotropin
KW  - starvation
KW  - stress
KW  - thirst
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - ACTH
KW  - adrenocorticotropic hormone
KW  - adrenocorticotropin
KW  - food and water deprivation stress affects corticotropin and corticosterone secretion
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19791487176&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ion-exchange of nucleic acid constituents by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AU  - Edelson, E. H.
AU  - Lawless, J. G.
AU  - Wehr, C. T.
AU  - Abbott, S. R.
JO  - Journal of Chromatography
JF  - Journal of Chromatography
Y1  - 1979///
VL  - 174
IS  - 2
SP  - 409
EP  - 419
SN  - 0021-9673
AD  - Edelson, E. H.: Extraterrestrial Biology Division, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19791490973.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 17 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
KW  - nucleic acids
KW  - separation of constituents
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19791490973&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A two-dimensional transient mathematical model of human thermoregulation.
AU  - Kuznetz, L. H.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology
Y1  - 1979///
VL  - 237
IS  - 5
SP  - R266
EP  - R277
SN  - 0002-9513
AD  - Kuznetz, L. H.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19801400138.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 10 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Current models of human thermoregulation are limited in that they do not account for temperature distribution in any spatial direction other than radially outward from the body centreline. They are therefore incapable of accounting for nonuniform environmental conditions or nonuniform heat generation from muscles or organs within the body. In many situations, these nonuniform conditions are commonplace and lead to disparate skin temperatures and heat loss rates on different sides of the same body compartment. A new mathematical model of human thermoregulation has the capability of predicting transient temperature variations in two spatial dimensions, radially and angularly, as estimated from the body centreline. In so doing, the model accounts for nonuniform environments and internal heat generation rates. Typical results from the model are demonstrated and comparisons with available experimental data are presented.
KW  - mathematical models
KW  - thermoregulation
KW  - Man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - heat regulation
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19801400138&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Na+ and Ca2+ ingestion: plasma volume-electrolyte distribution at rest and exercise.
AU  - Greenleaf, J. E.
AU  - Brock, P. J.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1980///
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
SP  - 838
EP  - 847
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Greenleaf, J. E.: Biomedical Research Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19801409340.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 24 ref. Registry Number: 7440-70-2, 7440-23-5.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Plasma volume (PV), protein and electrolyte shifts were estimated in 2 groups of 5 men in the supine position during rest, exercise (40 to 47% VO2 max), and recovery in cool (26.5 deg C) and hot (39.4 deg ) environments. They drank hypertonic (1.5%) NaCl, isotonic (0.9%) NaCl or hypertonic (1.5%) calcium gluconate solutions 16 to 17 ml/kg during the rest period before exercise. High intake of sodium retarded the rise in PV (hypervolaemia) at rest in the cool but not in the heat. Ingestion of iso-Na and hyper-Na resulted in twofold greater hypervolaemia at rest in the heat. During exercise and recovery, PV was highest with hyper-Na in the heat. Hyper-Ca prevented the normal hypervolaemic response at rest in both environments. The normal hypervolaemic responses during exercise were not influenced by any drink composition. The results suggest hypertonic drinks may be better for maintaining PV during exercise in heat, but Ca must be used with care.
KW  - blood plasma
KW  - blood volume
KW  - calcium
KW  - drinking
KW  - electrolytes
KW  - exercise
KW  - rest
KW  - sodium
KW  - Man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - calcium and sodium drinking and plasma volume and electrolytes at rest and exercise
KW  - drinking behaviour
KW  - drinking habits
KW  - plasma (blood)
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19801409340&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dehydration-induced drinking in humans.
AU  - Greenleaf, J. E.
JO  - Federation Proceedings
JF  - Federation Proceedings
Y1  - 1982///
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
SP  - 2509
EP  - 2514
SN  - 0014-9446
AD  - Greenleaf, J. E.: Biomedical Research Division, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, Calif. 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19821439715.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 22 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Mechanisms of drinking have been studied extensively in laboratory mammals, but comparatively little information is available on human consumption of fluids. The assumption that osmotic disequilibrium between extra- and intracellular fluid can be rectified within seconds may not be true for plasma and red blood cell (RBC) fluid in man inasmuch as stress-induced hyperosmotaemia to +13 mOsm/kg does not cause a significant change in mean RBC corpuscular volume. Unlike some mammals, man has a delay in rehydration (involuntary dehydration) after fluid loss. Two factors which probably contribute to involuntary dehydration are upright posture and extracellular fluid and electrolyte loss by sweating from exercise and heat exposure. If drinking is influenced by upright postural changes, it may be related to increased plasma renin activity (PRA) but not to increases in plasma osmolality or arginine vasopressin concentration. Under combined stresses of heat, exercise and dehydration, exercise is the greatest inhibiting factor and heat exposure has the least inhibitory effect on voluntary water intake. The rate of drinking during exercise in heat has a high correlation with sweat rate but is unrelated to the well-established dipsogenic factors of plasma volume, osmolality and PRA. It is likely that some or all of those dipsogenic factors act to initiate drinking in man.
KW  - dehydration
KW  - drinking
KW  - Man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - drinking behaviour
KW  - drinking habits
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19821439715&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A new technique for measuring intestinal calcium absorption in the rat.
AU  - Marsh, C. L.
AU  - LeBlanc, A. D.
AU  - Johnson, P. C.
AU  - Pool, S. L.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology
Y1  - 1983///
VL  - 245
IS  - 3
SP  - G438
EP  - G441
SN  - 0002-9513
AD  - Marsh, C. L.: Technology Incorporated, Life Sciences Division and Medical Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Tex. 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19841453728.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 9 ref. Registry Number: 7440-70-2.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - A double-isotope technique that does not necessitate urine and faecal collections but requires only the extraction of the incisor teeth for isotope analysis has been devised. A precalibrated dose of 45Ca in solution with stable carrier calcium was given by mouth to rats. An intraperitoneal injection delivered a precalibrated dose of 47Ca in isotonic saline. The ratio of the percentage uptake of the two radionuclides in the incisor tooth was equal to the fraction of the 45Ca and, therefore, the calcium absorbed by the gut. The fraction of Ca absorbed by rats 5 months old, as determined by collection and measurement of excreta, was 39.1%. The ratio of uptake of the 2 Ca radionuclides in the incisor teeth yields an absorption measurement of 38.8%, nonsignificantly different from the value obtained from the excretion data.
KW  - absorption
KW  - Calcium
KW  - estimation
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19841453728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Inhibition of plasma vasopressin after drinking in dehydrated humans.
AU  - Geelen, G.
AU  - Keil, L. C.
AU  - Kravik, S. E.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
AU  - Thrasher, T. N.
AU  - Barnes, P. R.
AU  - Pyka, G.
AU  - Nesvig, C.
AU  - Greenleaf, J. E.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology
Y1  - 1984///
VL  - 247
IS  - 6, II
SP  - R968
EP  - R971
SN  - 0002-9513
AD  - Geelen, G.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19851470364.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 23 ref. Registry Number: 11000-17-2.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Blood was sampled from 5 men and 3 women 26 to 50 years old weighing 73 ± 4 kg before and after mild dehydration (food but no fluid) for 24 h and 7 times during the first h after rehydration with tap water 10 ml/kg bodyweight drunk in 35 to 240 s. Dehydration increased mean serum sodium+ 3.7 ± 0.7 mEq/litre, osmolality 9.1 ± 1.1 mOsmol/kg and plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) from a hydrated value of 1.7 ± 0.2 to 3.3 ± 0.5 pg/ml. After rehydration AVP fell to 2.4 ± 0.3 pg/ml within 3 min and reached the water replete value of 1.8 ± 0.3 pg/ml 9 min after drinking started. Serum Na+ and osmolality did not change until 30 to 60 min after drinking. No change occurred in plasma renin activity, haemoglobin or haematocrit but plasma aldosterone increased from 11.1 ± 1.5 ng/100 ml after dehydration to 15.6 ± 2.6 ng/100 ml between 30 and 60 min after drinking.
KW  - blood
KW  - Dehydration
KW  - drinking
KW  - vasopressin
KW  - Man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - antidiuretic hormone
KW  - drinking behaviour
KW  - drinking habits
KW  - pitressin
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19851470364&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of body weight gain on insulin sensitivity after retirement from exercise training.
AU  - Dolkas, C. B.
AU  - Rodnick, K. J.
AU  - Mondon, C. E.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1990///
VL  - 68
IS  - 2
SP  - 520
EP  - 526
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Dolkas, C. B.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19901420738.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 36 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Exercise-trained (ET) rats ran voluntarily in freely rotating wheel cages and insulin sensitivity was assessed by oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin suppression tests (IST). After training, ET rats were retired for 1, 3 or 7 days (R1, R3 or R7). Initial OGTT and IST studies indicated that sensitivity to insulin-induced glucose uptake was greater in ET rats than in sedentary control rats and was progressively lost with retirement: ET &gt; R1 and R3 &gt; R7 and control rats, and this reaction was generally associated with a rapid gain in body weight. Subsequent IST tests were made on control and R7 rats given stock diet or a low-energy diet consisting of equal parts of cellulose and stock diet for 7 days before the test. The results showed that steady-state serum glucose (SSSG) was 165 ± 12 mg/100 ml for stock-fed controls and 172 ± 11 mg/100 ml for stock-fed R7 rats that gained body weight at rates twice those of controls. Stock-fed R7 rats, gaining weight at rates similar to those of controls, had SSSG 104 ± 6 mg/100 ml. Control and R7 rats given the low-energy diet had SSSG values of 102 ± 6 and 59 ± 4 mg/100 ml, respectively. Muscle glycogen values were similar in all groups and liver glycogen was lower in control and R7 rats given the low-energy diet.
KW  - Exercise
KW  - metabolism
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19901420738&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Plants for water recycling, oxygen regeneration and food production.
AU  - Bubenheim, D. L.
JO  - Waste Management & Research
JF  - Waste Management & Research
Y1  - 1991///
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
SP  - 435
EP  - 443
SN  - 0734-242X
AD  - Bubenheim, D. L.: Advanced Life Support Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19931377093.  Publication Type: Journal Article; Conference paper; Journal article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 16 ref.
N2  - A Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) relies on the air revitalization, water purification and food production capabilities of higher plants to rejuvenate human wastes and replenish the life support materials. The key processes in such a system are photosynthesis, whereby green plants utilize light energy to produce food and oxygen while removing CO2 from the atmosphere, and transpiration, the evaporation of water from the plant. CELSS research has emphasized the food production capacity and efforts to minimize the area/volume of higher plants required to satisfy all human life support needs. Requirements of a waste management system supplying inputs to maintain max. plant productivity are discussed. The ability of plants to play an active role in waste processing and the consequence in terms of degraded plant performance are not well characterized. Plant-based life support systems represent the only potential for self sufficiency and food production in an extraterrestrial habitat. This paper was presented at the NASA symposium on Waste Processing in Space for Advanced Life Support, Moffett Field, California, USA, Sept. 11-13, 1990.
KW  - Biological treatment
KW  - Sewage
KW  - wastewater treatment
KW  - plants
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Controlled ecological life support system
KW  - space stations
KW  - Waste processing in space for advanced life support
KW  - Waste water treatment
KW  - waste-water treatment
KW  - Human Wastes and Refuse (XX300) 
KW  - Wastes (General) (XX000) 
KW  - Biodegradation (XX700) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19931377093&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - An historical perspective on the applications of remote sensing to public health.
AU  - Barnes, C. M.
A2  - Hugh-Jones, M.
JO  - Preventive Veterinary Medicine
JF  - Preventive Veterinary Medicine
Y1  - 1991///
VL  - 11
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 163
EP  - 166
SN  - 0167-5877
AD  - Barnes, C. M.: Health Applications Office, Life Sciences Directorate, L.B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19930512490.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology
N2  - This paper reviews some basic results of almost 100 scientific papers produced in 1970-76 by the staff and contractors of the Health Applications Office, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA. These papers were primarily concerned with the use of sensor data collected from satellites and aircraft for environmental analysis, and ultimately for application to human and animal health. Comment is made on early problem solving, instrumentation development, politics and criticisms of early research efforts, as well as successes and dismal failures which occurred. Reference is made to the sizeable number of problems which still exist in the health field and which might be amenable to solution by the judicious use of remote sensing.
KW  - history
KW  - Human diseases
KW  - public health
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellite imagery
KW  - Vector-borne diseases
KW  - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000)
KW  - Health Services (UU350) 
KW  - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Distinguishing high and low anopheline-producing rice fields using remote sensing and GIS technologies.
AU  - Wood, B.
AU  - Washino, R.
AU  - Beck, L.
AU  - Hibbard, K.
AU  - Pitcairn, M.
AU  - Roberts, D.
AU  - Rejmankova, E.
AU  - Paris, J.
AU  - Hacker, C.
AU  - Salute, J.
AU  - Sebesta, P.
AU  - Legters, L.
A2  - Hugh-Jones, M.
JO  - Preventive Veterinary Medicine
JF  - Preventive Veterinary Medicine
Y1  - 1991///
VL  - 11
IS  - 3-4
SP  - 277
EP  - 288
SN  - 0167-5877
AD  - Wood, B.: TGS Technology Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19930512496.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 18 ref. Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology; Rice
N2  - The mosquito Anopheles freeborni is distributed throughout nearly 240 000 ha of irrigated rice in northern and central California, USA; it may serve as a model for the study of population dynamics in rice fields using spectral and spatial information. Analysis of field data revealed that rice fields with rapidly early season vegetation canopy development, located near livestock pastures (i.e. bloodmeal sources), had greater mosquito larval populations than fields with more slowly developing vegetation canopies located further from pastures. Remote sensing reflectance measurements of early season rice canopy development and geographic information system (GIS) measurements of distance to livestock pasture were combined to distinguish between high and low mosquito-producing rice fields. These distinctions were made with 90% accuracy nearly 2 months before anopheline larval populations peaked.
KW  - Bayesian theory
KW  - Discriminant analysis
KW  - disease vectors
KW  - Ecology
KW  - fields
KW  - geographical information systems
KW  - Habitats
KW  - human diseases
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Pests
KW  - Population ecology
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - rice
KW  - Satellite imagery
KW  - California
KW  - North America
KW  - USA
KW  - Anopheles freeborni
KW  - Cattle
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - Oryza
KW  - Anopheles
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - insects
KW  - Hexapoda
KW  - arthropods
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Bos
KW  - Bovidae
KW  - ruminants
KW  - Artiodactyla
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - Poaceae
KW  - Cyperales
KW  - monocotyledons
KW  - angiosperms
KW  - Spermatophyta
KW  - plants
KW  - Pacific States of USA
KW  - Western States of USA
KW  - USA
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - North America
KW  - America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - geographic information systems
KW  - GIS
KW  - mosquitoes
KW  - paddy
KW  - surveillance systems
KW  - United States of America
KW  - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000)
KW  - Aquatic Biology and Ecology (MM300) 
KW  - Animal Behaviour (LL300) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19930512496&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Spectral and spatial characterization of rice field mosquito habitat.
AU  - Wood, B. L.
AU  - Beck, L. R.
AU  - Washino, R. K.
AU  - Palchick, S. M.
AU  - Sebesta, P. D.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 1991///
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
SP  - 621
EP  - 626
SN  - 0143-1161
AD  - Wood, B. L.: TGS Technology Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19910505312.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 11 ref. Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology; Rice
N2  - Irrigated rice provides an ideal breeding habitat for Anopheles freeborni throughout California, USA. In a 1985 study, it was determined that early-season rice canopy development, as monitored using remotely sensed data, could be used to distinguish between high and low mosquito producing rice fields. This distinction could be made over 2 months prior to peak mosquito production. It was also found that high-producing fields were located in an area characterized by a diversity of land use, including livestock pastures, whereas the low-producing fields were in an area devoted almost exclusively to the cultivation of rice. The ability to distinguish between high and low mosquito producing fields prior to peak mosquito production is important in terms of mosquito habitat surveillance and control.
KW  - fields
KW  - habitats
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Pests
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - rice
KW  - Surveillance
KW  - Techniques
KW  - California
KW  - North America
KW  - USA
KW  - Anopheles freeborni
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - insects
KW  - Oryza
KW  - Anopheles
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - insects
KW  - Hexapoda
KW  - arthropods
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Poaceae
KW  - Cyperales
KW  - monocotyledons
KW  - angiosperms
KW  - Spermatophyta
KW  - plants
KW  - Pacific States of USA
KW  - Western States of USA
KW  - USA
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - North America
KW  - America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - mosquitoes
KW  - paddy
KW  - surveillance systems
KW  - United States of America
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
KW  - Aquatic Biology and Ecology (MM300) 
KW  - Animal Behaviour (LL300) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19910505312&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Identification of central Kenyan Rift Valley fever virus vector habitats with Landsat TM and evaluation of their flooding status with airborne imaging radar.
AU  - Pope, K. O.
AU  - Sheffner, E. J.
AU  - Linthicum, K. J.
AU  - Bailey, C. L.
AU  - Logan, T. M.
AU  - Kasischke, E. S.
AU  - Birney, K.
AU  - Njogu, A. R.
AU  - Roberts, C. R.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 1992///
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
SP  - 185
EP  - 196
SN  - 0034-4257
AD  - Pope, K. O.: E.J. Sheffner, TGS Technology, Inc., M.S. 242-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19920511483.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 27 ref. Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology
N2  - Rift Valley fever (RVF) is caused by a mosquito-borne virus that affects livestock and humans in Africa. Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data are shown to be effective in identifying dambos, intermittently flooded areas that are potential Aedes mosquito breeding sites, in an area north of Nairobi, Kenya. Positive results were obtained from a limited test of flood detection in dambos with airborne high resolution L, C and X band multipolarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. L and C bands were effective in detecting flooded dambos, but LHH was by far the best channel for discrimination (P&lt;0.01) between flooded and nonflooded sites in both sedge and short grass environments. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a combined passive and active remote sensing programme for monitoring the location and condition of RVF vector habitats, thus making future control of the disease more promising.
KW  - Arboviruses
KW  - Disease vectors
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - Flooded land
KW  - habitats
KW  - monitoring
KW  - Mosquito-borne diseases
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Rift Valley fever
KW  - satellite imagery
KW  - Viral diseases
KW  - Africa
KW  - Kenya
KW  - Aedes
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - Rift Valley fever virus
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - insects
KW  - Hexapoda
KW  - arthropods
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Phlebovirus
KW  - Bunyaviridae
KW  - negative-sense ssRNA viruses
KW  - ssRNA viruses
KW  - RNA viruses
KW  - viruses
KW  - ACP Countries
KW  - Anglophone Africa
KW  - Africa
KW  - Commonwealth of Nations
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - East Africa
KW  - Africa South of Sahara
KW  - arthropod-borne viruses
KW  - Dambos
KW  - mosquitoes
KW  - surveillance systems
KW  - viral infections
KW  - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000)
KW  - Aquatic Biology and Ecology (MM300) 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kriging in the shadows: geostatistical interpolation for remote sensing.
AU  - Rossi, R. E.
AU  - Dungan, J. L.
AU  - Beck, L. R.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 1994///
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
SP  - 32
EP  - 40
SN  - 0034-4257
AD  - Rossi, R. E.: Johnson Controls World Services, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffatt Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19950500479.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 28 ref. Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology; Grasslands & Forage
N2  - It is often useful to estimate obscured or missing remotely sensed data. Traditional interpolation methods, such as nearest-neighbour or bilinear resampling, do not take full advantage of the spatial information in the image. An alternative method, a geostatistical technique known as indicator kriging, is described and demonstrated using a Landsat Thematic Mapper image in southern Chiapas, Mexico (for studies on pastures suitable as larval habitats for the mosquito Anopheles albimanus). The image was first classified into pasture and nonpasture land cover. For each pixel that was obscured by cloud or cloud shadow, the probability that it was pasture was assigned by the algorithm. An exponential omnidirectional variogram model was used to characterize the spatial continuity of the image for use in the kriging algorithm. Assuming a cutoff probability level of 50%, the error was shown to be 17% with no obvious spatial bias but with some tendency to categorize nonpasture as pasture (overestimation). While this is a promising result, the method's practical application in other missing data problems for remotely sensed images will depend on the amount and spatial pattern of the unobscured pixels and missing pixels and the success of the spatial continuity model used.
KW  - algorithms
KW  - breeding places
KW  - grasslands
KW  - kriging
KW  - pastures
KW  - permanent grasslands
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellite imagery
KW  - statistical analysis
KW  - techniques
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Anopheles albimanus
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - Anopheles
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - insects
KW  - Hexapoda
KW  - arthropods
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Latin America
KW  - America
KW  - North America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - Threshold Countries
KW  - breeding habitats
KW  - breeding sites
KW  - grazing lands
KW  - mosquitoes
KW  - permanent pastures
KW  - statistical methods
KW  - Plant Ecology (ZZ331) 
KW  - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000)
KW  - Grasslands and Rangelands (PP350) 
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Remote sensing as a landscape epidemiologic tool to identify villages at high risk for malaria transmission.
AU  - Beck, L. R.
AU  - Rodriguez, M. H.
AU  - Dister, S. W.
AU  - Rodriguez, A. D.
AU  - Rejmankova, E.
AU  - Ulloa, A.
AU  - Meza, R. A.
AU  - Roberts, D. R.
AU  - Paris, J. F.
AU  - Spanner, M. A.
AU  - Washino, R. K.
AU  - Hacker, C.
AU  - Legters, L. J.
JO  - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF  - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Y1  - 1994///
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
SP  - 271
EP  - 280
SN  - 0002-9637
AD  - Beck, L. R.: Johnson Controls World Services, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19950800211.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 37 ref. Subject Subsets: Protozoology; Medical & Veterinary Entomology; Tropical Diseases
N2  - A landscape approach using remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) technologies was developed to discriminate between villages at high and low risk for malaria transmission, as defined by adult Anopheles albimanus abundance. Satellite data for an area in southern Chiapas, Mexico were digitally processed to generate a map of landscape elements. The GIS processes were used to determine the proportion of mapped landscape elements surrounding 40 villages where A. albimanus abundance data had been collected. The relationships between vector abundance and landscape element proportions were investigated using stepwise discriminant analysis and stepwise linear regression. Both analyses indicated that the most important landscape elements in terms of explaining vector abundance were transitional swamp and unmanaged pasture. Discriminant functions generated for these 2 elements were able to correctly distinguish between villages with high and low vector abundance, with an overall accuracy of 90%. Regression results found both transitional swamp and unmanaged pasture proportions to be predictive of vector abundance during the mid-to-late wet season. This approach, which integrates remotely sensed data and GIS capabilities to identify villages with high vector-human contact risk, provides a promising tool for malaria surveillance programmes that depend on labour-intensive field techniques. This is particularly relevant in areas where the lack of accurate surveillance capabilities may result in no malaria control action when, in fact, directed action is necessary. In general, this landscape approach could be applied to other vector-borne diseases in areas where (1) the landscape elements critical to vector survival are known and (2) these elements can be detected at remote sensing scales.
KW  - disease transmission
KW  - disease vectors
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - geographical information systems
KW  - habitats
KW  - malaria
KW  - parasites
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - risk
KW  - transmission
KW  - villages
KW  - Mexico
KW  - North America
KW  - Anopheles albimanus
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - protozoa
KW  - Anopheles
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - insects
KW  - Hexapoda
KW  - arthropods
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Latin America
KW  - America
KW  - North America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - Threshold Countries
KW  - geographic information systems
KW  - GIS
KW  - mosquitoes
KW  - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000)
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19950800211&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Review of 5 years of a combined dietary and physical fitness intervention for control of serum cholesterol.
AU  - Angotti, C. M.
AU  - Levine, M. S.
JO  - Journal of the American Dietetic Association
JF  - Journal of the American Dietetic Association
Y1  - 1994///
VL  - 94
IS  - 6
SP  - 634
EP  - 638
SN  - 0002-8223
AD  - Angotti, C. M.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19951401503.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 21 ref. Registry Number: 57-88-5.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - A chart review covering the first 5 years of clinical experience with a combined dietary and exercise intervention programme for the reduction of hypercholesterolaemia at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration headquarters (USA) demonstrated the programme's success in maintaining HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels while significantly lowering total serum cholesterol levels. This combined programme also resulted in improved ratios of total serum cholesterol to HDL-C and lowered levels of LDL cholesterol, thus further reducing the risk for cardiovascular disease. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Program was developed after it was determined that although dietary intervention alone improved total cholesterol levels, it often resulted in a more than proportionate decrease in HDL-C and a worsening of the ratio of cholesterol to HDL-C. An approach was needed that would positively affect all factors of the lipid profile. The findings from the programme indicate that reduction of cardiovascular risk can be accomplished easily and effectively at the worksite through dietary intervention, personal monitoring and a reasonable exercise programme.
KW  - blood
KW  - blood lipids
KW  - cholesterol
KW  - diet
KW  - exercise
KW  - physical fitness
KW  - USA
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - North America
KW  - America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - keep fit
KW  - United States of America
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
KW  - Human Nutrition (General) (VV100) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19951401503&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resistance exercise and growth hormone as countermeasures for skeletal muscle atrophy in hindlimb-suspended rats.
AU  - Linderman, J. K.
AU  - Gosselink, K. L.
AU  - Booth, F. W.
AU  - Mukku, V. R.
AU  - Grindeland, R. E.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology
Y1  - 1994///
VL  - 267
IS  - 2
SP  - R365
EP  - R371
SN  - 0002-9513
AD  - Linderman, J. K.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19951406728.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 34 ref. Registry Number: 9002-72-6.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition; Animal Nutrition
KW  - atrophy
KW  - exercise
KW  - limbs
KW  - protein synthesis
KW  - skeletal muscle
KW  - somatotropin
KW  - growth hormone
KW  - protein biosynthesis
KW  - suspension
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19951406728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Oral branched-chain amino acids decrease whole-body proteolysis.
AU  - Ferrando, A. A.
AU  - Williams, B. D.
AU  - Stuart, C. A.
AU  - Lane, H. W.
AU  - Wolfe, R. R.
JO  - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
JF  - Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
Y1  - 1995///
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
SP  - 47
EP  - 54
SN  - 0148-6071
AD  - Ferrando, A. A.: Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19951402910.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 27 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - The effects of ingesting branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine and isoleucine) on protein metabolism are reported in 4 men. To calculate leg protein synthesis and breakdown, a model that utilized the infusion of L-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine and the sampling of the leg arterial-venous difference and muscle biopsies. In addition, protein-bound enrichments provided for the direct calculation of muscle fractional synthetic rate. 4 control subjects ingested an equivalent amount of essential amino acids (threonine, methionine and histidine) to discern the effects of branched-chain amino acid nitrogen vs. the effects of essential amino acid nitrogen. Each drink also included of carbohydrate 50 g. Consumption of the branched-chain and the essential amino acid solutions produced significant 3-fold and 4-fold elevations in their respective arterial concentrations. Protein synthesis and breakdown were unaffected by branched-chain amino acids, but they increased by 43 (P&lt;0.05) and 35% (P&lt;0.03), respectively, in the group consuming the essential amino acids. However, net leg balance of phenylalanine was unchanged by either drink. Direct measurement of protein synthesis by tracer incorporation into muscle protein (fractional synthetic rate) revealed no changes within or between drinks. Whole-body phenylalanine flux was suppressed by each solution but to a greater extent by the branched-chain amino acids (15 and 20%, respectively) (P&lt;0.001). The results suggest that branched-chain amino acid ingestion suppresses whole-body proteolysis in tissues other than skeletal muscle in normal men.
KW  - amino acids
KW  - branched chain amino acids
KW  - intake
KW  - nitrogen metabolism
KW  - protein metabolism
KW  - proteolysis
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19951402910&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Folic acid content in thermostabilized and freeze-dried space shuttle foods.
AU  - Lane, H. W.
AU  - Nillen, J. L.
AU  - Kloeris, V. L.
JO  - Journal of Food Science
JF  - Journal of Food Science
Y1  - 1995///
VL  - 60
IS  - 3
SP  - 538
EP  - 540
SN  - 0022-1147
AD  - Lane, H. W.: Biomedical Operations & Research Branch, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code SD4, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19951410620.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 30 ref. Registry Number: 59-30-3.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - This study was designed to evaluate whether freeze-dried and thermostabilized foods on a space shuttle contain adequate folate and to investigate any effects of freeze-drying on folic acid. Frozen vegetables were analysed after 3 stages of processing: thawed; cooked; and rehydrated. Thermostabilized items were analysed as supplied with no further processing. Measurable folate decreased in some freeze-dried vegetables and increased in others. Folic acid content of thermostabilized food items was comparable with published values. It is concluded that although folic acid content of some freeze-dried foods was low, adequate folate is available from the shuttle menu to meet recommended dietary allowance guidelines.
KW  - estimation
KW  - folic acid
KW  - food processing
KW  - foods
KW  - freeze drying
KW  - space flight
KW  - vegetables
KW  - vitamins
KW  - folacin
KW  - folate
KW  - lyophilization
KW  - vegetable crops
KW  - Food Composition and Quality (QQ500) 
KW  - Food Storage and Preservation (QQ110) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19951410620&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of excess dietary salt on calcium metabolism and bone mineral in a spaceflight rat model.
AU  - Navidi, M.
AU  - Wolinsky, I.
AU  - Fung, P.
AU  - Arnaud, S. B.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1995///
VL  - 78
IS  - 1
SP  - 70
EP  - 75
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Navidi, M.: Life Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19951413575.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 36 ref. Registry Number: 32222-06-3, 7440-70-2.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - High levels of salt promote urinary calcium (UCa) loss and have the potential to cause bone mineral deficits if intestinal Ca absorption does not compensate for these losses. To examine the effect of excess dietary salt on the osteopenia that follows skeletal unloading, a space flight model that unloads the hindlimbs of 200-g rats by tail suspension (S) was used. Rats were studied for 2 weeks on diets containing high salt (4 and 8%) and normal Ca (0.45%) and for 4 weeks on diets containing 8% salt (HiNa) and 0.2% Ca (LoCa). Final body weights were 9-11% lower in S than in control rats (C) in both experiments, reflecting lower growth rates in S than in C during pair feeding. UCa represented 12% of dietary Ca on HiNa diets and was 2-fold higher in S than in C transiently during unloading. Net intestinal Ca absorption was consistently 11-18% lower in S than in C. Serum calcitriol was unaffected by LoCa or HiNa diets in S but was increased by LoCa and HiNa diets in C. Despite depressed intestinal Ca absorption in S and a sluggish response of the Ca endocrine system to HiNa diets, UCa loss did not appear to affect the osteopenia induced by unloading. Although any deficit in bone mineral content from HiNa diets may have been too small to detect or the duration of the study too short to manifest, there were clear differences in Ca metabolism from control levels in response of the spaceflight model to HiNa diets, indicated by depression of intestinal Ca absorption and its regulatory hormone.
KW  - bones
KW  - calcitriol
KW  - calcium
KW  - calcium absorption
KW  - metabolism
KW  - mineral content
KW  - minerals
KW  - salt
KW  - space flight
KW  - urine
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol
KW  - 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
KW  - excess
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
KW  - Animal Nutrition (Physiology) (LL510) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19951413575&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prolonged bed rest decreases skeletal muscle and whole body protein synthesis.
AU  - Ferrando, A. A.
AU  - Lane, H. W.
AU  - Stuart, C. A.
AU  - Davis-Street, J.
AU  - Wolfe, R. R.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology
Y1  - 1996///
VL  - 270
IS  - 4
SP  - E627
EP  - E633
SN  - 0002-9513
AD  - Ferrando, A. A.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19961407126.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 34 ref. Registry Number: 50-03-3, 50-23-7, 6000-74-4, 125-04-2, 13609-67-1, 9004-10-8, 61912-98-9, 315-37-7, 57-85-2, 5721-91-5, 58-22-0, 1255-69-8, 15262-86-9.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Skeletal protein metabolism was measured in 6 male subjects (aged 30±6 years) during 7 days of diet stabilization and after 14 days of simulated microgravity (-6° bed rest). Nitrogen balance became more negative (P&lt;0.03) during the 2nd week of bed rest. Leg and whole body lean mass also decreased (P&lt;0.05). Serum cortisol, insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and testosterone values did not change. Arteriovenous model calculations based on the infusion of L-ring-13C6phenylalanine in 5 subjects revealed a 50% decrease in muscle protein synthesis (PS; P&lt;0.03). Fractional PS by tracer incorporation into muscle protein also decreased by 46% (P&lt;0.05). The decrease in PS was related to a corresponding decrease in the sum of intracellular amino acid appearance from protein breakdown and inward transport. Whole body protein synthesis, determined by [15N]alanine ingestion, in 6 subjects also revealed a 14% decrease (P&lt;0.01). Neither model-derived nor whole body values for protein breakdown changed significantly. It was concluded that the loss of body protein with inactivity is predominantly due to a decrease in muscle PS and that this decrease is reflected in both whole body and skeletal muscle measures.
KW  - bed rest
KW  - body lean mass
KW  - hydrocortisone
KW  - insulin
KW  - insulin-like growth factor
KW  - muscles
KW  - protein degradation
KW  - protein metabolism
KW  - protein synthesis
KW  - skeletal muscle
KW  - testosterone
KW  - weightlessness
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - cortisol
KW  - lean body mass
KW  - protein biosynthesis
KW  - somatomedin C
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19961407126&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of a remote sensing-based model for predicting malaria transmission risk in villages of Chiapas, Mexico.
AU  - Beck, L. R.
AU  - Rodríguez, M. H.
AU  - Dister, S. W.
AU  - Rodriguez, A. D.
AU  - Washino, R. K.
AU  - Roberts, D. R.
AU  - Spanner, M. A.
JO  - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF  - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Y1  - 1997///
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
SP  - 99
EP  - 106
SN  - 0002-9637
AD  - Beck, L. R.: Johnson Controls World Services, Inc., Mailstop 242-4, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19970501271.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 11 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Medical & Veterinary Entomology; Protozoology
N2  - A blind test of 2 remote sensing-based models for predicting adult populations of Anopheles albimanus in villages, an indicator of malaria transmission risk, was conducted in southern Chiapas, Mexico. One model was developed using a discriminant analysis approach, while the other was based on regression analysis. The models were developed in 1992 for an area around Tapachula, Chiapas, using Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite data and geographic information system functions. Using 2 remotely sensed landscape elements, the discriminant model was able to successfully distinguish between villages with high and low A. albimanus abundance with an overall accuracy of 90%. To test the predictive capability of the models, multitemporal TM data (acquired by satellite on 24 April and 1 October 1993) were used to generate a landscape map of the Huixtla area, northwest of Tapachula, where the models were used to predict risk for 40 villages. The resulting predictions were not disclosed until the end of the test. Independently, A. albimanus abundance data were collected in the 40 randomly selected villages for which the predictions had been made. These data were subsequently used to assess the models' accuracies. The discriminant model accurately predicted 79% of the high-abundance villages and 50% of the low-abundance villages, for an overall accuracy of 70%. The regression model correctly identified 7 of the 10 villages with the highest mosquito abundance. This test demonstrated that remote sensing-based models generated for one area can be used successfully in another, comparable area.
KW  - assessment
KW  - discriminant analysis
KW  - disease transmission
KW  - disease vectors
KW  - geographical information systems
KW  - human diseases
KW  - malaria
KW  - models
KW  - parasites
KW  - pastures
KW  - population ecology
KW  - prediction
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - risk
KW  - rural areas
KW  - satellite imagery
KW  - techniques
KW  - transmission
KW  - vegetation
KW  - villages
KW  - Mexico
KW  - North America
KW  - Anopheles albimanus
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - man
KW  - Plasmodium
KW  - protozoa
KW  - Anopheles
KW  - Culicidae
KW  - Diptera
KW  - insects
KW  - Hexapoda
KW  - arthropods
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - Plasmodiidae
KW  - Haemospororida
KW  - Apicomplexa
KW  - Protozoa
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developing Countries
KW  - Latin America
KW  - America
KW  - North America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - Threshold Countries
KW  - geographic information systems
KW  - GIS
KW  - grazing lands
KW  - mosquitoes
KW  - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000)
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
KW  - Animal Behaviour (LL300) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19970501271&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Landscape characterization of peridomestic risk for Lyme disease using satellite imagery.
AU  - Dister, S. W.
AU  - Fish, D.
AU  - Bros, S. M.
AU  - Frank, D. H.
AU  - Wood, B. L.
JO  - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF  - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Y1  - 1997///
VL  - 57
IS  - 6
SP  - 687
EP  - 692
SN  - 0002-9637
AD  - Dister, S. W.: Johnson Controls World Services, Inc., Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19980503399.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 43 ref. Subject Subsets: Medical & Veterinary Entomology
N2  - Remotely sensed characterizations of landscape composition were evaluated for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi infection) exposure risk on 337 residential properties in 2 communities of suburban Westchester County, New York, USA. Properties were categorized as no, low or high risk based on seasonally adjusted densities of Ixodes scapularis nymphs, determined by drag sampling during June and July 1990. Spectral indices based on Landsat Thematic Mapper data provided relative measures of vegetation structure and moisture (wetness), as well as vegetation abundance (greenness). A geographic information system (GIS) was used to spatially quantify and relate the remotely sensed landscape variables to risk category. A comparison of the 2 communities showed that Chappaqua, which had more high-risk properties (P&lt;0.001), was significantly greener and wetter than Armonk (P&lt;0.001). Furthermore, within Chappaqua, high-risk properties were significantly greener and wetter than lower-risk properties in this community (P&lt;0.01). The high-risk properties appeared to contain a greater proportion of broadleaf trees, while lower-risk properties were interpreted as having a greater proportion of nonvegetative cover and/or open lawn. The ability to distinguish these fine scale differences among communities and individual properties illustrates the efficiency of a remote sensing/GIS-based approach for identifying peridomestic risk of Lyme disease over large geographic areas.
KW  - characterization
KW  - disease vectors
KW  - environmental factors
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - geographical information systems
KW  - landscape
KW  - Lyme disease
KW  - monitoring
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - risk
KW  - satellite imagery
KW  - suburban areas
KW  - techniques
KW  - trees
KW  - vegetation
KW  - woody plants
KW  - zoonoses
KW  - New York
KW  - USA
KW  - Acari
KW  - Arachnida
KW  - Borrelia burgdorferi
KW  - Ixodes scapularis
KW  - plants
KW  - Arachnida
KW  - arthropods
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Borrelia
KW  - Spirochaetaceae
KW  - Spirochaetales
KW  - Spirochaetes
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - prokaryotes
KW  - Ixodes
KW  - Ixodidae
KW  - Metastigmata
KW  - Acari
KW  - Middle Atlantic States of USA
KW  - Northeastern States of USA
KW  - USA
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - North America
KW  - America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - bacterium
KW  - geographic information systems
KW  - GIS
KW  - lyme borreliosis
KW  - surveillance systems
KW  - United States of America
KW  - zoonotic infections
KW  - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Humans (VV200) (Discontinued March 2000)
KW  - Animal Behaviour (LL300) 
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19980503399&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Adaptation of the doubly labeled water method for subjects consuming isotopically enriched water.
AU  - Gretebeck, R. J.
AU  - Schoeller, D. A.
AU  - Socki, R. A.
AU  - Davis-Street, J.
AU  - Gibson, E. K.
AU  - Schulz, L. O.
AU  - Lane, H. W.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1997///
VL  - 82
IS  - 2
SP  - 563
EP  - 570
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Gretebeck, R. J.: Nutritional Biochemistry, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19971403697.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 22 ref. Registry Number: 7782-39-0, 7782-44-7, 7732-18-5.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - The accuracy and precision of different methods by which changes in the background abundance of oxygen and hydrogen isotope tracers can be corrected for during the doubly labelled water (DLW) method were evaluated, including a modified method that allows prediction of the baseline that would be achieved if subjects were to consume water from a given source indefinitely. 8 women aged 38.3±6.3 years (4 test and 4 control subjects) consumed water enriched to resemble drinking water for 28 days. Test subjects and control subjects were given a dose on days 1 and 15, respectively. The change to an enriched water source produced a bias in expenditure calculations that exceeded 2.9 MJ/day (35%, P&lt;0.05), relative to calculations from intake-balance. The proposed correction based on the predicted final abundance of 18O and deuterium after equilibration to the new water source eliminated this bias, as did the traditional use of a control group. This new modified correction method is advantageous under field conditions when subject numbers are limited.
KW  - analytical methods
KW  - deuterium
KW  - energy exchange
KW  - isotope dilution
KW  - mass spectrometry
KW  - oxygen
KW  - water
KW  - women
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - analytical techniques
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19971403697&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessing total body and extracellular water from bioelectrical response spectroscopy.
AU  - Siconolfi, S. F.
AU  - Gretebeck, R. J.
AU  - Wong, W. W.
AU  - Pietrzyk, R. A.
AU  - Suire, S. S.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1997///
VL  - 82
IS  - 2
SP  - 704
EP  - 710
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Siconolfi, S. F.: Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Space Biomedical Research Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston 77058, TX, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19971403698.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 26 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Methods for measuring total body water (TBW) and extracellular water (ECW) using 2 resistance values of a new electric circuit model (CM) (2 resistors: a capacitor and an inductor) with or without body mass were developed and validated. It was hypothesized that estimates of TBW and ECW using this CM would not be affected by fluid shifts (occurring within the ECW) associated with supine rest. Results from measurements in 10 men and 13 women, aged 32.0±6.6 years, derived from this CM were evaluated by comparison with values from chemical dilution and estimates from previously published single-frequency models. Fluid shifts occurring after 40 min of supine rest did not decrease the validity of either estimate. CM estimates were valid; r = 0.941-0.969, with low standard errors of estimates (1.15-2.28 kg), nonsignificant mean differences (CM - dilution; %Δ=-0.4-1.3%) that were close to the expected measurement errors for TBW (±1%) and ECW (±5%) and Bland-Altman pairwise comparisons that showed equivalence between methods. The CM estimates of TBW and ECW had marginally better validity than the previously published bioimpedance models. The advantage of the CM model is its assessments of multiple fluid spaces and that it does not require gender-specific equations. It is concluded that CM estimates of TBW are acceptable, whereas further validation is needed before the ECW estimate should be used in a clinical or research setting.
KW  - analytical methods
KW  - body water
KW  - extracellular fluids
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - analytical techniques
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=19971403698&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determining bone and total body mineral content from body density and bioelectrical response spectroscopy.
AU  - Siconolfi, S. F.
AU  - Gretebeck, R. J.
AU  - Wong, W. W.
AU  - Moore, S. S.
AU  - Gilbert, J. H., III
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 1998///
VL  - 85
IS  - 4
SP  - 1578
EP  - 1582
SN  - 8750-7587
AD  - Siconolfi, S. F.: Neurosciences' Neuromuscular Laboratory, SD3/Space and Life Sciences Research Laboratories, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 19981417723.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 21 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - The hypothesis that total body mineral (TBM) and bone mineral content (BMC) could be assessed from measurements of body density and bioelectrical response spectroscopy (BRS)-determined total body water by using a three-compartment (3C) model was studied. TBM and BMC computed from measurements of water (²H2O dilution or BRS) and body density (underwater weighing) with (4-compartment (4C)) and without (3C) mineral (dual X-ray absorptiometry) in 15 women and 16 men were compared. BRS used multi-frequency or single-frequency estimates of water. Mean differences between the 3C and 4C models ranged from -6.1 to 2.2%. Correlations between models were 0.82-0.91. Standard errors of the estimate of 8.5-9.3% were within the range of those previously reported (4.9-13%). Use of BRS did not decrease the correlations between the models. A significant mean difference (only in women) was found only with 3C single-frequency BRS estimates of TBM and BMC. It is concluded that TBM and BMC 3C multi-frequency BRS estimates can be assessed in men and women.
KW  - analytical methods
KW  - body composition
KW  - body density
KW  - body measurements
KW  - bone density
KW  - bone mineralization
KW  - men
KW  - mineral content
KW  - osteoporosis
KW  - sex differences
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - women
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - analytical techniques
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - Emerging viral diseases of nonhuman primates.
AU  - Bielitzki, J. T.
A2  - Fowler, M. E.
A2  - Miller, R. E.
T2  - Zoo and wild animal medicine: current therapy 4.
Y1  - 1999///
IS  - Ed. 4
CY  - Philadelphia; USA
PB  - W.B. Saunders
SN  - 0721686648
AD  - Bielitzki, J. T.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20002206395.  Publication Type: Book chapter.  Language: English.  Number of References: 57 ref. Subject Subsets: Veterinary Science
KW  - viral diseases
KW  - zoo animals
KW  - zoonoses
KW  - Primates
KW  - viruses
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - viral infections
KW  - zoonotic infections
KW  - Parasites, Vectors, Pathogens and Biogenic Diseases of Animals (LL820) (Discontinued March 2000)
KW  - Zoo Animals (LL080) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20002206395&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Education, outreach and the future of remote sensing in human health.
AU  - Wood, B. L.
AU  - Beck, L. R.
AU  - Lobitz, B. M.
AU  - Bobo, M. R.
A2  - Hay, S. I.
A2  - Randolph, S. E.
A2  - Rogers, D. J.
T3  - Remote sensing and geographical information systems in epidemiology.
JO  - Advances in Parasitology
JF  - Advances in Parasitology
Y1  - 2000///
VL  - 47
SP  - 331
EP  - 344
SN  - 0065-308X
SN  - 0120317478\0123335604
AD  - Wood, B. L.: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20000810688.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Note: Remote sensing and geographical information systems in epidemiology. Language: English.  Number of References: 18 ref. Subject Subsets: Helminthology; Protozoology
N2  - This chapter discusses why the public health community were slow to adopt remote sensing; it describes training and outreach programmes to encourage use of the technology by this sector, including that provided by the Life Sciences Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the USA. Future sensor systems are discussed.
KW  - helminths
KW  - human diseases
KW  - public health
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellite imagery
KW  - techniques
KW  - training
KW  - Protozoa
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - parasitic worms
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
KW  - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General)
KW  - Education and Training (CC100) 
KW  - Human Health and the Environment (VV500) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20000810688&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dietary salt and urinary calcium excretion in a human bed rest spaceflight model.
AU  - Arnaud, S. B.
AU  - Wolinsky, I.
AU  - Fung, P.
AU  - Vernikos, J.
JO  - Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2000///
VL  - 71
IS  - 11
SP  - 1115
EP  - 1119
CY  - Alexandria; USA
PB  - Aerospace Medical Association
SN  - 0095-6562
AD  - Arnaud, S. B.: Life Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, SL 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20013063997.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 35 ref. Registry Number: 7440-70-2, 60-72-5, 7440-23-5.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Dietary salt is known to increase the excretion of urinary calcium (Ca). To determine the potential role of dietary sodium (Na) on the calciuria associated with a spaceflight simulation model, we evaluated urinary Ca in two groups of bed rest subjects fed either high or low normal amounts of salt. We analysed urinary Ca excretion expressed in terms of creatinine (UCa/Cr), fractional Ca excretion (FECa), and urinary cAMP (UCAMP) as an index of parathyroid function, in the urine of 30-50-yr-old male volunteers for 6° head down tilt bed rest studies. Dietary Na was in the high normal range (190 mmol . d-1) in 8 men for 7 d (HiNa), and in the low normal range (114 mmol . d-1) in 11 men for 30 d (LoNa) bed rest. Dietary Ca averaged 20 mmol . d-1 in both studies. Within the first 3 bed rest days, subjects in the HiNa study showed increases in UCa/Cr (0.1130 ± 0.05 to 0.161 ± 0.05, p &lt; 0.002) and in FECa (1.95 ± 0.70 to 3.19 ± 0.93, p &lt; 0.001); those in LoNa showed no change in UCa/Cr (0.125 ± 0.06 to 0.121 ± 0.07, NS) or FECa (1.93 ± 0.75 to 2.22 ± 0.63). After the 5th bed rest day UCa/Cr stabilized at similar levels in both dietary groups. UCAMP decreased 20% during the first week of bed rest with HiNa, but not until the third week with LoNa diets (p &lt; 0.05). These findings implicate high salt diets in Ca excretion in a spaceflight model and suggest that low normal salt diets may reduce early calciuria associated with spaceflight.
KW  - calcium
KW  - creatinine
KW  - salt
KW  - sodium
KW  - space flight
KW  - urine
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20013063997&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hormonal modulation of food intake in response to low leptin levels induced by hypergravity.
AU  - Moran, M. M.
AU  - Stein, T. P.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
JO  - Experimental Biology and Medicine
JF  - Experimental Biology and Medicine
Y1  - 2001///
VL  - 226
IS  - 8
SP  - 740
EP  - 745
CY  - Maywood; USA
PB  - Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
SN  - 0037-9727
AD  - Moran, M. M.: Life Sciences Research Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20013136332.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 28 ref. Registry Number: 50-22-6, 51-43-4, 9004-10-8, 169494-85-3, 51-40-1, 51-41-2, 69815-49-2.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - A loss in fat mass is a common response to centrifugation and it results in low circulating leptin concentrations. However, rats adapted to hypergravity are euphagic. The focus of this study was to examine leptin and other peripheral signals of energy balance in the presence of a hypergravity-induced loss of fat mass and euphagia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were centrifuged for 14 days at gravity levels of 1.25, 1.5, or 2 G, or they remained stationary at 1 G. Urinary catecholamines, urinary corticosterone, food intake, and body mass were measured on Days 11 to 14. Plasma hormones and epididymal fat pad mass were measured on Day 14. Mean body mass of the 1.25, 1.5, and 2 G groups were significantly (P&lt;0.05) lower than controls, and no differences were found in food intake (g/day per 100 g body mass) between the hypergravity groups and controls. Epididymal fat mass was 14%, 14%, and 21% lower than controls in the 1.25, 1.5, and 2.0 G groups, respectively. Plasma leptin was significantly reduced from controls by 46%, 45%, and 65% in the 1.25, 1.5, and 2 G groups, respectively. Plasma insulin was significantly lower in the 1.25, 1.5, and 2.0 G groups than controls by 35%, 38%, and 33%. No differences were found between controls and hypergravity groups in urinary corticosterone. Mean urinary epinephrine was significantly higher in the 1.5 and 2.0 G groups than in controls. Mean urinary norepinephrine was significantly higher in the 1.25, 1.5 and 2.0 G groups than in controls. Significant correlations were found between G load and body mass, fat mass, leptin, urinary epinephrine, and norepinephrine. During hypergravity exposure, maintenance of food intake is the result of a complex relationship between multiple pathways, which abates the importance of leptin as a primary signal.
KW  - body fat
KW  - body mass index
KW  - catecholamines
KW  - corticosterone
KW  - epinephrine
KW  - food intake
KW  - gravity
KW  - insulin
KW  - leptin
KW  - norepinephrine
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - adrenaline
KW  - noradrenaline
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20013136332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Water and energy dietary requirements and endocrinology of human space flight.
AU  - Lane, H. W.
AU  - Feeback, D. L.
T3  - Nutrition in Space
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2002///
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
SP  - 820
EP  - 828
CY  - New York; USA
PB  - Elsevier Science Inc.
SN  - 0899-9007
AD  - Lane, H. W.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Bioastronautics Office/SA, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20023163673.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Note: Nutrition in Space Language: English.  Language of Summary: French; Spanish.  Number of References: 73 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Fluid and energy metabolism and related endocrine changes have been studied nearly from the beginning of human space flight in association with short- and long-duration flights. Fluid and electrolyte nutrition status is affected by many factors including the microgravity environment, stress, changes in body composition, diet, exercise habits, sleep cycles, and ambient temperature and humidity conditions. Space flight exposes astronauts to all these factors and consequently poses significant challenges to establishing dietary water, sodium, potassium, and energy recommendations. The purpose of this article is to review the results of ground-based and space flight research studies that have led to current water, electrolyte, and energy dietary requirements for humans during space flight and to give an overview of related endocrinological changes that have been observed in humans during short- and long-duration space flight.
KW  - body water
KW  - body weight
KW  - electrolytes
KW  - energy metabolism
KW  - hormonal control
KW  - hormones
KW  - nutrient requirements
KW  - space flight
KW  - water metabolism
KW  - weightlessness
KW  - zero gravity
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - dietary standards
KW  - endocrine control
KW  - food requirements
KW  - hormonal regulation
KW  - nutritional requirements
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20023163673&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - email: hlane@ems.jsc.nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Body mass, energy intake, and water consumption of rats and humans during space flight.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
AU  - Miller, M. M.
AU  - Baer, L. A.
AU  - Moran, M. M.
AU  - Steele, M. K.
AU  - Stein, T. P.
T3  - Nutrition in Space
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2002///
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
SP  - 829
EP  - 836
CY  - New York; USA
PB  - Elsevier Science Inc.
SN  - 0899-9007
AD  - Wade, C. E.: Life Sciences Division, Life Sciences M5239-1 1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20023163674.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Note: Nutrition in Space Language: English.  Number of References: 51 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Alteration of metabolism has been suggested as a major limiting factor to long-term space flight. In humans and primates, a negative energy balance has been reported. The metabolic response of rats to space flight has been suggested to result in a negative energy balance. We hypothesized that rats flown in space would maintain energy balance as indicated by maintenance of caloric intake and body mass gain. Further, the metabolism of the rat would be similar to that of laboratory-reared animals. We studied the results from 15 space flights lasting from 4 to 19 days. There was no difference in average body weight (206±13.9 versus 206±14.8 g), body weight gain (5.8±0.48 versus 5.9±0.56 g/day), caloric intake (309±21.0 versus 309±20.1 kcal/kg of body mass per day), or water intake (200±8.6 versus 199±9.3 ml/kg of body mass per day) between flight and ground control animals. Compared with standard laboratory animals of similar body mass, no differences were noted. The observations suggested that the negative balance observed in humans and non-human primates may be due to other factors in the space-flight environment.
KW  - animal models
KW  - body weight
KW  - caloric intake
KW  - energy expenditure
KW  - energy metabolism
KW  - laboratory animals
KW  - space flight
KW  - water intake
KW  - weight gain
KW  - weightlessness
KW  - zero gravity
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20023163674&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - email: cwade@mail.arc.nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resting energy expenditure of rats acclimated to hypergravity.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
AU  - Moran, M. M.
AU  - Oyama, J.
JO  - Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2002///
VL  - 73
IS  - 9
SP  - 859
EP  - 864
CY  - Alexandria; USA
PB  - Aerospace Medical Association
SN  - 0095-6562
AD  - Wade, C. E.: Life Science Division MS 239-11, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20033080028.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Background: The use of centrifugation at 1 G has been advocated as a control condition during spaceflight and as a countermeasure to compensate for the adverse effects of spaceflight. Rodents are the primary animal model for the study of the effects of spaceflight and will be used in the evaluation of centrifugation as a countermeasure and means of control at 1 G during flight. Hypothesis: The present study was designed to assess whether resting energy expenditure (EER) of male rats was increased in relation to the magnitude of the level of gravity to which the animals were exposed. The influence of body mass and age on resting energy expenditure (EER) of male rats (n=42, age 40-400 d) was determined following 2 wk of acclimation to 1, 2.3, or 4.1 G. Hypergravity environments were created by centrifugation. Measurements were made at the gravity level to which the animal was acclimated and during the lights-on period. Results: In rats matched for body mass (~400 g), mean O2 consumption and CO2 production were higher (18% and 27%, respectively) in the 2.3- and 4.1-G groups than controls. Mean respiratory exchange ratio (RER) increased from 0.80 to 0.87. EER was increased from 47±0.1 kcal . d-1 at 1 G, to 57±1.5 and 58±2.2 kcal . d-1 at 2.3 and 4.1 G, respectively. There was no difference in EER between the hypergravity groups. When age differences were considered, EER (kcal . kg-1 . d-1) with increased gravity was 40% higher than at 1 G. The increase in EER was not proportional over gravity levels. Conclusion: Acclimation of rats to hypergravity increases their EER, dependent on body mass and age, and may alter substrate metabolism. The increase in EER was not related to the level of gravity increase.
KW  - adverse effects
KW  - age
KW  - animal models
KW  - body fat
KW  - body weight
KW  - gravity
KW  - laboratory animals
KW  - resting energy exchange
KW  - space flight
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - adverse reactions
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20033080028&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - email: cwade@mail.arc.nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants affecting physical activity levels in animal models.
AU  - Tou, J. C. L.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
JO  - Experimental Biology and Medicine
JF  - Experimental Biology and Medicine
Y1  - 2002///
VL  - 227
IS  - 8
SP  - 587
EP  - 600
CY  - Maywood; USA
PB  - Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
SN  - 1535-3702
AD  - Tou, J. C. L.: Lockheed Martin Engineering and Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20023152418.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 119 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
KW  - age
KW  - animal models
KW  - body weight
KW  - diet
KW  - genetics
KW  - hypothalamic lesions
KW  - hypothalamus
KW  - obesity
KW  - physical activity
KW  - reviews
KW  - sex differences
KW  - strains
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - fatness
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20023152418&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - email: cwade@mail.arc.nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of NASA Foodbars as a standard diet for use in short-term rodent space flight studies.
AU  - Tou, J.
AU  - Grindeland, R.
AU  - Barrett, J.
AU  - Dalton, B.
AU  - Mandel, A.
AU  - Wade, C.
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2003///
VL  - 19
IS  - 11/12
SP  - 947
EP  - 954
CY  - New York; USA
PB  - Elsevier Science Inc.
SN  - 0899-9007
AD  - Tou, J.: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Life Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20033200496.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Language of Summary: Spanish; French.  Number of References: 36 ref. Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - OBJECTIVES: A standard rodent diet for space flight must meet the unique conditions imposed by the space environment and must be nutritionally adequate because diet can influence the outcome of experiments. We evaluated the use of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Foodbars as a standard space flight diet for rats. METHODS: The Foodbar's semi-purified formulation permitted criteria such as nutrient consistency, high nutrient bioavailability, and flexibility of formulation to be met. Extrusion of the semi-purified diet produced Foodbars with the proper texture and a non-crumbing solid form for use in space. Treatment of Foodbar with 0.1% potassium sorbate prevented mold growth. Irradiation (15 to 25 kGy) prevented bacterial growth and, in combination with sorbate treatment, added protection against mold for shelf stability. RESULTS: During the development process, nutrient analyses indicated that extrusion and irradiation produces nutrient losses. Nutrients were adjusted accordingly to compensate for processing losses. Nutrient analysis of Foodbars continues to be performed routinely to monitor nutrient levels. It is important that the standard rodent diet provide nutrients that will prevent deficiency but also avoid excess that may mask physiologic changes produced by space flight. All vitamin levels in the Foodbars, except for vitamin K, conformed to or exceeded the current National Research Council (NRC) 1995 recommendations. All indispensable amino acids in Foodbar conformed to or exceeded the NRC nutrient recommendation for mouse growth and rat maintenance. However, some indispensable amino acids were slightly below recommendations for rat reproduction and growth. Short-term (18 to 20 d) animal feeding studies indicated that Foodbars are palatable, support growth, and maintain health in rats. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that NASA Rodent Foodbars meet the physical and nutritional criteria required to support rodents in the space environment and thus may be used successfully as a standard diet for short-term space flight studies. However, the nutritional adequacy of NASA Rodent Foodbars as a standard diet on longer-duration (&gt;20 d) space flight missions remains to be determined.
KW  - amino acids
KW  - animal models
KW  - diets
KW  - food processing
KW  - keeping quality
KW  - laboratory animals
KW  - nutrient availability
KW  - nutrient content
KW  - space flight
KW  - storage life
KW  - vitamins
KW  - Food Storage and Preservation (QQ110) 
KW  - Food Composition and Quality (QQ500) 
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
KW  - Animal Models of Human Diseases (VV400) (New March 2000)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20033200496&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - email: jtou@mail.arc.nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Structural basis for flip-flop action of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes revealed by human pyruvate dehydrogenase.
AU  - Ciszak, E. M.
AU  - Korotchkina, L. G.
AU  - Dominiak, P. M.
AU  - Sidhu, S.
AU  - Patel, M. S.
JO  - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Biological Chemistry
Y1  - 2003///
VL  - 278
IS  - 28
SP  - 21240
EP  - 21246
CY  - Bethesda; USA
PB  - American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Inc
SN  - 0021-9258
AD  - Ciszak, E. M.: Biological and Physical Space Research Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Marshall Space Flight Center and Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20033124395.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 33 ref. Registry Number: 9014-20-4.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - The derivative of vitamin B1, thiamin pyrophosphate, is a cofactor of enzymes performing catalysis in pathways of energy production. In α2β2-heterotetrameric human pyruvate dehydrogenase, this cofactor is used to cleave the Cα-C(=O) bond of pyruvate followed by reductive acetyl transfer to lipoyl-dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase. The dynamic nonequivalence of two, otherwise chemically equivalent, catalytic sites has not yet been understood. To understand the mechanism of action of this enzyme, we determined the crystal structure of the holo-form of human pyruvate dehydrogenase at 1.95-Å resolution. We propose a model for the flip-flop action of this enzyme through a concerted ~2-Å shuttle-like motion of its heterodimers. Similarity of thiamin pyrophosphate binding in human pyruvate dehydrogenase with functionally related enzymes suggests that this newly defined shuttle-like motion of domains is common to the family of thiamin pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes.
KW  - biochemistry
KW  - chemical structure
KW  - cofactors
KW  - enzyme activity
KW  - molecular conformation
KW  - pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide)
KW  - thiamin phosphates
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20033124395&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - email: Ewa.M.Ciszak@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Trigger events: enviroclimatic coupling of Ebola hemorrhagic fever outbreaks.
AU  - Pinzon, J. E.
AU  - Wilson, J. M.
AU  - Tucker, C. J.
AU  - Arthur, R.
AU  - Jahrling, P. B.
AU  - Formenty, P.
JO  - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF  - American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Y1  - 2004///
VL  - 71
IS  - 5
SP  - 664
EP  - 674
CY  - Northbrook; USA
PB  - American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
SN  - 0002-9637
AD  - Pinzon, J. E.: Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, Code 923, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20053001806.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 47 ref. Subject Subsets: Public Health; Tropical Diseases
N2  - We use spatially continuous satellite data as a correlate of precipitation within tropical Africa and show that the majority of documented Ebola haemorrhagic fever outbreaks were closely associated with sharply drier conditions at the end of the rainy season. We propose that these trigger events may enhance transmission of Ebola virus from its cryptic reservoir to humans. These findings suggest specific directions to help understand the sylvatic cycle of the virus and may provide early warning tools to detect possible future outbreaks of this enigmatic disease.
KW  - climate
KW  - disease transmission
KW  - environmental factors
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - haemorrhagic fevers
KW  - human diseases
KW  - outbreaks
KW  - viral diseases
KW  - Ebolavirus
KW  - man
KW  - Filovirus
KW  - Filoviridae
KW  - Mononegavirales
KW  - negative-sense ssRNA viruses
KW  - ssRNA viruses
KW  - RNA viruses
KW  - viruses
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Ebola virus
KW  - hemorrhagic fevers
KW  - viral infections
KW  - Meteorology and Climate (PP500) 
KW  - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20053001806&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - email: pinzon@negev.gsfc.nasa.gov\wilson@isis.imac.georgetown.edu\compton@kratmos.gsfc.nasa.gov\rca8@cdc.gov\Peter.Jahring@det.amedd.army.mil\formenty@who.int
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of diet and exposure to hindlimb suspension on estrous cycling in Sprague-Dawley rats.
AU  - Tou, J. C. L.
AU  - Grindeland, R. E.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology
Y1  - 2004///
VL  - 286
IS  - 3(1)
SP  - E425
EP  - E433
CY  - Bethesda; USA
PB  - American Physiological Society
SN  - 0002-9513
AD  - Tou, J. C. L.: Wyle Laboratories, Life Sciences Division, MS 239-11, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20043054654.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 39 ref. Registry Number: 50-22-6, 50-28-2.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Various factors can disrupt the female reproductive cycle resulting in subfertility. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether physiological changes associated with exposure to hypogravity disrupt reproductive cycles. The hindlimb suspension (HLS) model was used to simulate the major physiological effects of hypogravity in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Also, to determine whether diet may influence reproductive results, rats were fed purified American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G or chow diet. Rats (n=9-11/group) subjected to HLS had lengthened estrous cycles due to prolonged diestrus, indicating hypoestrogenism. Interestingly, HLS rats fed AIN-93G but not chow diet had significantly reduced time spent in estrus and decreased plasma estradiol. Attenuation of hypoestrogenism in the chow-fed rats suggested that diet provided an exogenous source of estrogen. The mechanism involved in the disruption of estrous cycling remains to be determined. HLS increased urinary corticosterone (CORT) levels during the initial 4 days of HLS, suggesting that physiological responses to acute stress may be a potential mechanism in the disruption of estrous cycles. Higher basal urinary CORT was observed in rats fed chow vs. AIN-93G diet. HLS resulted in increased urinary CORT. However, two-way ANOVA indicated a significant HLS effect (P&lt;0.001) but no effect of HLS × diet effect on urinary CORT levels, suggesting that estrogenic activity associated with the chow diet did not enhance the stress response. The results of this study indicate that HLS, diet, and the combination of HLS and diet influence estrous cycling. This has important implications for future reproductive success in the hypogravity environment of space.
KW  - animal models
KW  - corticosterone
KW  - diets
KW  - estradiol
KW  - females
KW  - laboratory animals
KW  - oestrogens
KW  - oestrous cycle
KW  - plant oestrogens
KW  - reproduction
KW  - stress
KW  - urine
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - breeding cycle
KW  - estrogens
KW  - estrous cycle
KW  - hypogravity
KW  - oestradiol
KW  - phytoestrogens
KW  - plant estrogens
KW  - reproductive cycle
KW  - Human Reproduction and Development (VV060) 
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20043054654&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - email: jtou@mail.arc.nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Element concentrations in shell of Pinctada margaritifera from French Polynesia and evaluation for using as a food supplement.
AU  - Chang, F.
AU  - Li, G. C.
AU  - Haws, M.
AU  - Niu, T. H.
JO  - Food Chemistry
JF  - Food Chemistry
Y1  - 2007///
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
SP  - 1171
EP  - 1176
CY  - Oxford; UK
PB  - Elsevier
SN  - 0308-8146
AD  - Chang, F.: Changene Lab, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 566, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20073149942.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 33 ref. Registry Number: 7429-90-5, 7440-38-2, 7440-42-8, 7440-43-9, 7440-70-2, 7440-47-3, 7440-50-8, 7439-89-6, 7439-92-1, 7439-95-4, 7439-96-5, 7439-97-6, 7440-02-0, 7723-14-0, 7440-23-5, 7440-24-6, 7440-62-2, 7440-66-6.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Element concentrations in shell of Pinctada margaritifera (black-lip pearl oyster) from Manihi, French Polynesia, were measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma - Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The respective average concentrations were: calcium (Ca) 396.4 mg/g, sodium (Na) 5.536 mg/g, magnesium (Mg) 2.136 mg/g, strontium (Sr) 890.6 ppm, iron (Fe) 67.89 ppm, aluminum (Al) 45.74 ppm, phosphorus (P) 27.19 ppm, boron (B) 12.17 ppm, manganese (Mn) 2.308 ppm, copper (Cu) 1.050 ppm, zinc (Zn) 0.7180 ppm; and nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V) were below detection limits with ICP-AES. The above concentrations were normalized and compared to the safety standards for human consumption determined by regulatory agencies of United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), and the United States (US). Element concentrations detected in this study were all lower than the safety standards promulgated by regulatory agencies. These findings suggest that shells of P. margaritifera from Manihi, French Polynesia, do not raise any significant health concerns for human consumption. The shell of P. margaritifera thus potentially represents an important natural source for calcium-fortified foods, calcium supplement, and even for potential osteogenesis applications.
KW  - aluminium
KW  - arsenic
KW  - boron
KW  - cadmium
KW  - calcium
KW  - chemical composition
KW  - chromium
KW  - copper
KW  - food supplements
KW  - iron
KW  - lead
KW  - magnesium
KW  - manganese
KW  - mercury
KW  - nickel
KW  - oysters
KW  - phosphorus
KW  - shells
KW  - sodium
KW  - strontium
KW  - trace elements
KW  - vanadium
KW  - zinc
KW  - French Polynesia
KW  - Bivalvia
KW  - Pinctada
KW  - Pinctada margaritifera
KW  - Pteriidae
KW  - Bivalvia
KW  - Mollusca
KW  - invertebrates
KW  - animals
KW  - aquatic organisms
KW  - aquatic animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - Pteriidae
KW  - Pinctada
KW  - France overseas
KW  - Polynesia
KW  - Oceania
KW  - Pacific Islands
KW  - aluminum
KW  - microelements
KW  - Mn
KW  - Aquatic Produce (QQ060) 
KW  - Food Composition and Quality (QQ500) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20073149942&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/03088146
UR  - email: ftchang@changene.com
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Selective inhibition of angiogenesis in small blood vessels and decrease in vessel diameter throughout the vascular tree by triamcinolone acetonide.
AU  - McKay, T. L.
AU  - Gedeon, D. J.
AU  - Vickerman, M. B.
AU  - Hylton, A. G.
AU  - Ribita, D.
AU  - Olar, H. H.
AU  - Kaiser, P. K.
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, P.
JO  - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF  - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Y1  - 2008///
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
SP  - 1184
EP  - 1190
CY  - Rockville; USA
PB  - Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
SN  - 1552-5783
AD  - McKay, T. L.: Research & Technology Directorate and National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20083188044.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Poultry
N2  - PURPOSE. To quantify the effects of the steroid triamcinolone acetonide (TA) on branching morphology within the angiogenic microvascular tree of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of quail embryos. METHODS. Increasing concentrations of TA (0-16 ng/mL) were applied topically on embryonic day (E) 7 to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of quail embryos cultured in petri dishes and incubated for an additional 24 or 48 hours until fixation. Binary (black/white) microscopic images of arterial end points were quantified by generational analysis of vessel branching (VESGEN) software to obtain major vascular parameters that include vessel diameter (Dv), fractal dimension (Df), tortuosity (Tv), and densities of vessel area, length, number, and branch point (Av, Lv, Nv, and Brv). For assessment of specific changes in vascular morphology induced by TA, the VESGEN software automatically segmented the vascular tree into branching generations (G1... G10) according to changes in vessel diameter and branching. RESULTS. Vessel density decreased significantly up to 34% as the function of increasing concentration of TA according to Av, Lv, Brv, Nv, and Df. TA selectively inhibited the growth of new, small vessels because Lv decreased from 13.14±0.61 cm/cm2 for controls to 8.012±0.82 cm/cm2 at 16 ng TA/mL in smaller branching generations (G7-G10) and for Nv from 473.83±29.85 cm-2 to 302.32±33.09 cm-2. In contrast, vessel diameter (Dv) decreased throughout the vascular tree (G1-G10). CONCLUSIONS. By VESGEN analysis, TA selectively inhibited the angiogenesis of smaller blood vessels, but decreased the vessel diameter of all vessels within the vascular tree.
KW  - angiogenesis
KW  - animal models
KW  - blood vessels
KW  - embryonic development
KW  - pharmacodynamics
KW  - poultry
KW  - steroids
KW  - quails
KW  - Coturnix
KW  - Phasianidae
KW  - Galliformes
KW  - birds
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - domesticated birds
KW  - drug action
KW  - embryo development
KW  - embryo growth
KW  - mechanism of drug action
KW  - triamcinolone acetonide
KW  - Animal and in-vitro Models for Pharmaceuticals (VV450) (New March 2000)
KW  - Pharmacology (VV730) (New March 2000)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20083188044&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://intl.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/49/3/1184
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessing satellite-based fire data for use in the National Emissions Inventory.
AU  - Soja, A. J.
AU  - Al-Saadi, J.
AU  - Giglio, L.
AU  - Randall, D.
AU  - Kittaka, C.
AU  - Pouliot, G.
AU  - Kordzi, J. J.
AU  - Raffuse, S.
AU  - Pace, T. G.
AU  - Pierce, T. E.
AU  - Moore, T.
AU  - Roy, B.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Szykman, J. J.
A2  - Qu, J. J.
A2  - Ambrose, S. D.
JO  - Journal of Applied Remote Sensing
JF  - Journal of Applied Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009///
VL  - 3
SP  - 031504
EP  - 031504
CY  - Bellingham; USA
PB  - Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)
SN  - 1560-2281
AD  - Soja, A. J.: NASA Langley Research Center, National Institute of Aerospace, 21 Langley Boulevard, MS420, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20103106054.  Publication Type: Journal Article; Conference paper.  Language: English.  Number of References: 58 ref. Registry Number: 10028-15-6.  Subject Subsets: Forestry; Soils & Fertilizers
N2  - Biomass burning is significant to emission estimates because: (1) it is a major contributor of particulate matter and other pollutants; (2) it is one of the most poorly documented of all sources; (3) it can adversely affect human health; and (4) it has been identified as a significant contributor to climate change through feedbacks with the radiation budget. Additionally, biomass burning can be a significant contributor to a regions inability to achieve the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM 2.5 and ozone, particularly on the top 20% worst air quality days. The United States does not have a standard methodology to track fire occurrence or area burned, which are essential components to estimating fire emissions. Satellite imagery is available almost instantaneously and has great potential to enhance emission estimates and their timeliness. This investigation compares satellite-derived fire data to ground-based data to assign statistical error and helps provide confidence in these data. The largest fires are identified by all satellites and their spatial domain is accurately sensed. MODIS provides enhanced spatial and temporal information, and GOES ABBA data are able to capture more small agricultural fires. A methodology is presented that combines these satellite data in Near-Real-Time to produce a product that captures 81 to 92% of the total area burned by wildfire, prescribed, agricultural and rangeland burning. Each satellite possesses distinct temporal and spatial capabilities that permit the detection of unique fires that could be omitted if using data from only one satellite.
KW  - air pollutants
KW  - air pollution
KW  - air quality
KW  - biomass
KW  - burning
KW  - climatic change
KW  - controlled burning
KW  - emission
KW  - forest fires
KW  - moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer
KW  - ozone
KW  - public health
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellite imagery
KW  - spatial variation
KW  - temporal variation
KW  - wildfires
KW  - USA
KW  - APEC countries
KW  - Developed Countries
KW  - North America
KW  - America
KW  - OECD Countries
KW  - atmospheric pollution
KW  - climate change
KW  - flaming
KW  - MODIS
KW  - particulate matter
KW  - prescribed burning
KW  - United States of America
KW  - Forest Fires (KK130) 
KW  - Meteorology and Climate (PP500) 
KW  - Pollution and Degradation (PP600) 
KW  - Human Health and the Environment (VV500) 
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20103106054&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://spiedl.aip.org/getabs/servlet/GetabsServlet?prog=normal&id=JARSC4000003000001031504000001&idtype=cvips&gifs=Yes&ref=no
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vitamin D supplementation during Antarctic winter.
AU  - Smith, S. M.
AU  - Gardner, K. K.
AU  - Locke, J.
AU  - Zwart, S. R.
JO  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Y1  - 2009///
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
SP  - 1092
EP  - 1098
CY  - Bethesda; USA
PB  - American Society for Clinical Nutrition
SN  - 0002-9165
AD  - Smith, S. M.: Space Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Mail Code SK3, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20093145876.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 46 ref. Registry Number: 1406-16-2.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Background: Persons with limited exposure to ultraviolet B light, including space travelers, may not receive enough vitamin D. Recent studies indicate that optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] should be ≥80 nmol/L. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 doses of vitamin D to raise and maintain 25(OH)D to a concentration &gt;80 nmol/L in persons with limited ultraviolet B light exposure. Design: This was a 5-mo, prospective, randomized, double-blind study of vitamin D supplementation. It was conducted during winter in Antarctica at the McMurdo Station, when ultraviolet B radiation levels are essentially zero. The 55 subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups for vitamin D supplementation: 2000 IU/d (n=18), 1000 IU/d (n=19), and 400 IU/d (n=18). An additional 7 subjects did not take supplements or took supplements of their own choosing. Blood samples were collected about every 2 mo during the winter. Results: About 5 mo after supplementation started, 25(OH)D increased to 71±23 nmol/L in the 2000-IU/d group, 63±25 nmol/L in the 1000-IU/d group, and 57±15 nmol/L in the 400-IU/d group and decreased to 34±12 nmol/L in the group not taking supplements. Conclusions: These data will enable us to provide space crews with evidence-based recommendations for vitamin D supplementation. The findings also have implications for other persons with limited ultraviolet light exposure, including polar workers and the elderly.
KW  - blood
KW  - elderly
KW  - guidelines
KW  - nutrition
KW  - research
KW  - supplements
KW  - ultraviolet radiation
KW  - vitamin D
KW  - vitamins
KW  - winter
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - polar regions
KW  - aged
KW  - elderly people
KW  - older adults
KW  - recommendations
KW  - senior citizens
KW  - South Polar region
KW  - studies
KW  - Human Nutrition (General) (VV100) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20093145876&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.ajcn.org/
UR  - email: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - Polar medicine.
AU  - Lugg, D.
AU  - Ayton, J.
A2  - Bledsoe, G. H.
A2  - Manyak, M. J.
A2  - Townes, D. A.
T2  - Expedition and wilderness medicine
Y1  - 2009///
CY  - Cambridge; UK
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 9780521868730
AD  - Lugg, D.: Australian Antarctic Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, Dist. of Columbia, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20093325938.  Publication Type: Book chapter.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 630-08-0.  Subject Subsets: Public Health
N2  - A discussion of the common diseases in the polar regions is presented. The areas mentioned include those above the Arctic and Antarctic circles and those surrounding the North and South poles. The epidemiology of commonly encountered diseases in this region is described. Also tackled are the health care aspects, most common medical procedures and specific polar medical problems. Some of the mentioned diseases discussed extensively are sunburn, snowblindness, carbon monoxide poisoning, hypoxia and animal bites.
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - carbon monoxide
KW  - disease prevalence
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - human diseases
KW  - hypoxia
KW  - sunburn
KW  - travel
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - man
KW  - polar regions
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - animal bites
KW  - north polar regions
KW  - South Polar region
KW  - Meteorology and Climate (PP500) 
KW  - Human Health and the Environment (VV500) 
KW  - Non-communicable Human Diseases and Injuries (VV600) 
KW  - Human Toxicology and Poisoning (VV810) (New March 2000)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20093325938&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Oscillation of angiogenesis with vascular dropout in diabetic retinopathy by VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN).
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, P.
AU  - Radhakrishnan, K.
AU  - Vickerman, M. B.
AU  - Kaiser, P. K.
JO  - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
JF  - Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
Y1  - 2010///
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
SP  - 498
EP  - 507
CY  - Rockville; USA
PB  - Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.
SN  - 0146-0404
AD  - Parsons-Wingerter, P.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John H. Glenn Research Center, MS-110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20103030758.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Public Health
N2  - PURPOSE. Vascular dropout and angiogenesis are hallmarks of the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR). However, current evaluation of DR relies on grading of secondary vascular effects, such as microaneurysms and hemorrhages, by clinical examination instead of by evaluation of actual vascular changes. The purpose of this study was to map and quantify vascular changes during progression of DR by VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN). METHODS. In this prospective cross-sectional study, 15 eyes with DR were evaluated with fluorescein angiography (FA) and color fundus photography, and were graded using modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study criteria. FA images were separated by semiautomatic image processing into arterial and venous trees. Vessel length density (Lv), number density (Nv), and diameter (Dv) were analyzed in a masked fashion with VESGEN software. Each vascular tree was automatically segmented into branching generations (G1...G8 or G9) by vessel diameter and branching. Vascular remodeling status (VRS) for Nv and Lv was graded 1 to 4 for increasing severity of vascular change. RESULTS. By Nv and Lv, VRS correlated significantly with the independent clinical diagnosis of mild to proliferative DR (13/15 eyes). Nv and Lv of smaller vessels (G≥6) increased from VRS1 to VRS2 by 2.4× and 1.6×, decreased from VRS2 to VRS3 by 0.4× and 0.6×, and increased from VRS3 to VRS4 by 1.7× and 1.5× (P&lt;0.01). Throughout DR progression, the density of larger vessels (G1-5) remained essentially unchanged, and Dv1-5 increased slightly. CONCLUSIONS. Vessel density oscillated with the progression of DR. Alternating phases of angiogenesis/neovascularization and vascular dropout were dominated first by remodeling of arteries and subsequently by veins.
KW  - angiogenesis
KW  - blood vessels
KW  - complications
KW  - diabetes mellitus
KW  - disease course
KW  - eye diseases
KW  - eyes
KW  - human diseases
KW  - radiography
KW  - retinopathy
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - diabetic retinopathy
KW  - disease progression
KW  - Non-communicable Human Diseases and Injuries (VV600) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20103030758&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://intl.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/51/1/498
UR  - email: patricia.a.parsons-wingerter@nasa.gov\pkkaiser@aol.com
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hydrogen therapy may reduce the risks related to radiation-induced oxidative stress in space flight.
AU  - Schoenfeld, M. P.
AU  - Ansari, R. R.
AU  - Zakrajsek, J. F.
AU  - Billiar, T. R.
AU  - Toyoda, Y.
AU  - Wink, D. A.
AU  - Nakao, A.
JO  - Medical Hypotheses
JF  - Medical Hypotheses
Y1  - 2011///
VL  - 76
IS  - 1
SP  - 117
EP  - 118
CY  - Oxford; UK
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
SN  - 0306-9877
AD  - Schoenfeld, M. P.: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Propulsion Research and Technology Branch NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20113003148.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 15 ref. Registry Number: 1333-74-0.  Subject Subsets: Public Health
N2  - Cosmic radiation is known to induce DNA and lipid damage associated with increased oxidative stress and remains a major concern in space travel. Hydrogen, recently discovered as a novel therapeutic medical gas in a variety of biomedical fields, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. It is expected that space mission activities will increase in coming years both in numbers and duration. It is therefore important to estimate and prevent the risks encountered by astronauts due to oxidative stress prior to developing clinical symptoms of disease. We hypothesize that hydrogen administration to the astronauts by either inhalation or drinking hydrogen-rich water may potentially yield a novel and feasible preventative/therapeutic strategy to prevent radiation-induced adverse events.
KW  - hydrogen
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - radiation
KW  - space flight
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - astronauts
KW  - cosmic radiation
KW  - Human Health and Hygiene (General) (VV000) (Revised June 2002) [formerly Human Health and Hygiene (General)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20113003148&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WN2-512DD8H-3&_user=3325428&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_rdoc=29&_fmt=high&_orig=browse&_origin=browse&_zone=rslt_list_item&_srch=doc-info(%23toc%236950%232011%23999239998%232789759%23FLA%23display%23Volume)&_cdi=6950&_sort=d&_docanchor=&_ct=46&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=3325428&md5=c4335a88337f114f8d2d1e30a6d7d2d7&searchtype=a
UR  - email: anakao@imap.pitt.edu
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Benefits for bone from resistance exercise and nutrition in long-duration spaceflight: evidence from biochemistry and densitometry.
AU  - Smith, S. M.
AU  - Heer, M. A.
AU  - Shackelford, L. C.
AU  - Sibonga, J. D.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, L.
AU  - Zwart, S. R.
JO  - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
JF  - Journal of Bone and Mineral Research
Y1  - 2012///
VL  - 27
IS  - 9
SP  - 1896
EP  - 1906
CY  - Hoboken; USA
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 0884-0431
AD  - Smith, S. M.: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Attn: Mail Code SK3, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20123309596.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 41 ref. Registry Number: 9001-78-9.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Exercise has shown little success in mitigating bone loss from long-duration spaceflight. The first crews of the International Space Station (ISS) used the "interim resistive exercise device" (iRED), which allowed loads of up to 297 lbf (or 1337 N) but provided little protection of bone or no greater protection than aerobic exercise. In 2008, the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED), which allowed absolute loads of up to 600 lbf (1675 N), was launched to the ISS. We report dietary intake, bone densitometry, and biochemical markers in 13 crewmembers on ISS missions from 2006 to 2009. Of these 13, 8 had access to the iRED and 5 had access to the ARED. In both groups, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase tended to increase during flight toward the end of the mission (p=0.06) and increased 30 days after landing (p&lt;0.001). Most markers of bone resorption were also increased in both groups during flight and 30 days after landing (p&lt;0.05). Bone densitometry revealed significant interactions (time and exercise device) for pelvis bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (p&lt;0.01), hip femoral neck BMD (p&lt;0.05), trochanter BMD (p&lt;0.05), and total hip BMD (p&lt;0.05). These variables were unchanged from preflight only for ARED crewmembers, who also returned from flight with higher percent lean mass and lower percent fat mass. Body mass was unchanged after flight in both groups. All crewmembers had nominal vitamin D status (75±17 nmol/L) before and during flight. These data document that resistance exercise, coupled with adequate energy intake (shown by maintenance of body mass determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and vitamin D, can maintain bone in most regions during 4- to 6-month missions in microgravity. This is the first evidence that improving nutrition and resistance exercise during spaceflight can attenuate the expected BMD deficits previously observed after prolonged missions.
KW  - alkaline phosphatase
KW  - biochemistry
KW  - body composition
KW  - body fat
KW  - bone density
KW  - bones
KW  - exercise
KW  - nutrition
KW  - man
KW  - Homo
KW  - Hominidae
KW  - Primates
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - alkaline phosphomonoesterase
KW  - Physiology of Human Nutrition (VV120) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20123309596&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)1523-4681
UR  - email: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - A carbon nanofiber based biosensor for simultaneous detection of dopamine and serotonin in the presence of ascorbic acid.
AU  - Rand, E.
AU  - Periyakaruppan, A.
AU  - Tanaka, Z.
AU  - Zhang, D. A.
AU  - Marsh, M. P.
AU  - Andrews, R. J.
AU  - Lee, K. H.
AU  - Chen, B.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, J. E.
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2013///
VL  - 42
SP  - 434
EP  - 438
CY  - Oxford; UK
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
SN  - 0956-5663
AD  - Rand, E.: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20133100094.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 51-61-6, 50-81-7, 50-67-9.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - A biosensor based on an array of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is found to be effective for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the presence of excess ascorbic acid (AA). The CNF electrode outperforms the conventional glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for both selectivity and sensitivity. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), three distinct peaks are seen for the CNF electrode at 0.13 V, 0.45 V, and 0.70 V for the ternary mixture of AA, DA, and 5-HT. In contrast, the analytes are indistinguishable in a mixture using a GCE. For the CNF electrode, the detection limits are 50 nM for DA and 250 nM for 5-HT.
KW  - ascorbic acid
KW  - biogenic amines
KW  - biosensors
KW  - detection
KW  - dopamine
KW  - serotonin
KW  - 5-HT
KW  - 5-hydroxytryptamine
KW  - vitamin C
KW  - Human Nutrition (General) (VV100) 
KW  - Biosensors and Biological Nanotechnology (WW900) (New June 2002)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20133100094&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0956566312007749
UR  - email: Jessica.E.Koehne@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Recent weather extremes and impacts on agricultural production and vector-borne disease outbreak patterns.
AU  - Anyamba, A.
AU  - Small, J. L.
AU  - Britch, S. C.
AU  - Tucker, C. J.
AU  - Pak, E. W.
AU  - Reynolds, C. A.
AU  - Crutchfield, J.
AU  - Linthicum, K. J.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2014///
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
SP  - e92538
EP  - e92538
CY  - San Francisco; USA
PB  - Public Library of Sciences (PLoS)
SN  - 1932-6203
AD  - Anyamba, A.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20143193808.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Number of References: 58 ref. Subject Subsets: Tropical Diseases; Wheat, Barley & Triticale Abstracts; Medical & Veterinary Entomology
N2  - We document significant worldwide weather anomalies that affected agriculture and vector-borne disease outbreaks during the 2010-2012 period. We utilized 2000-2012 vegetation index and land surface temperature data from NASA's satellite-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to map the magnitude and extent of these anomalies for diverse regions including the continental United States, Russia, East Africa, Southern Africa, and Australia. We demonstrate that shifts in temperature and/or precipitation have significant impacts on vegetation patterns with attendant consequences for agriculture and public health. Weather extremes resulted in excessive rainfall and flooding as well as severe drought, which caused ~10 to 80% variation in major agricultural commodity production (including wheat, corn, cotton, sorghum) and created exceptional conditions for extensive mosquito-borne disease outbreaks of dengue, Rift Valley fever, Murray Valley encephalitis, and West Nile virus disease. Analysis of MODIS data provided a standardized method for quantifying the extreme weather anomalies observed during this period. Assessments of land surface conditions from satellite-based systems such as MODIS can be a valuable tool in national, regional, and global weather impact determinations.
KW  - dengue
KW  - drought
KW  - environmental temperature
KW  - epidemiology
KW  - floods
KW  - meteorological factors
KW  - outbreaks
KW  - rain
KW  - Rift Valley fever
KW  - vector-borne diseases
KW  - West Nile fever
KW  - Dengue virus
KW  - Murray Valley encephalitis virus
KW  - Rift Valley fever virus
KW  - West Nile virus
KW  - Flavivirus
KW  - Flaviviridae
KW  - positive-sense ssRNA Viruses
KW  - ssRNA Viruses
KW  - RNA Viruses
KW  - viruses
KW  - Phlebovirus
KW  - Bunyaviridae
KW  - negative-sense ssRNA Viruses
KW  - rainfall
KW  - Meteorology and Climate (PP500) 
KW  - Prion, Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens of Humans (VV210) (New March 2000)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143193808&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0092538
UR  - email: assaf.anyamba@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Increased dietary iron and radiation in rats promote oxidative stress, induce localized and systemic immune system responses, and alter colon mucosal environment.
AU  - Morgan, J. L. L.
AU  - Ritchie, L. E.
AU  - Crucian, B. E.
AU  - Theriot, C.
AU  - Wu, H. L.
AU  - Sams, C.
AU  - Smith, S. M.
AU  - Turner, N. D.
AU  - Zwart, S. R.
JO  - FASEB Journal
JF  - FASEB Journal
Y1  - 2014///
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
SP  - 1486
EP  - 1498
CY  - Bethesda; USA
PB  - Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
SN  - 0892-6638
AD  - Morgan, J. L. L.: Oak Ridge Associated Universities/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Post-Doctoral Fellowship Program, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20143134287.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Registry Number: 7440-46-2, 9001-05-2, 9013-66-5, 7439-89-6.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - Astronauts are exposed to increased body iron stores and radiation, both of which can cause oxidative damage leading to negative health effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate combined effects of high dietary iron (650 mg/kg diet) and radiation exposure (0.375 Gy cesium-137 every other day for 16 d) on markers of oxidative stress, immune system function, and colon mucosal environment in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=8/group). Control rats consumed adequate iron (45 mg/kg diet) and were not irradiated. Combined treatments increased liver glutathione peroxidase, serum catalase, and colon myeloperoxidase while decreasing total fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations. The high-iron diet alone increased leukocyte count. Radiation decreased the T-cell CD4:CD8 ratio. Plasma iron was negatively correlated with cytokine production in activated monocytes. Genes involved in colon microbial signaling, immune response, and injury repair were altered by radiation. Genes involved with injury repair and pathogen recognition changed with dietary iron. These data demonstrate that dietary iron and radiation, alone and combined, contribute to oxidative stress that is related to immune system alterations in circulation and the colon. The model presented may help us better understand the changes to these systems that have been identified among astronauts.
KW  - animal models
KW  - caesium
KW  - catalase
KW  - CD4+ lymphocytes
KW  - CD8+ lymphocytes
KW  - colon
KW  - diets
KW  - exposure
KW  - faeces
KW  - gene expression
KW  - genes
KW  - glutathione peroxidase
KW  - immune response
KW  - intestinal mucosa
KW  - iron
KW  - laboratory animals
KW  - leukocyte count
KW  - leukocytes
KW  - liver
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - radiation
KW  - short chain fatty acids
KW  - T lymphocytes
KW  - rats
KW  - Muridae
KW  - rodents
KW  - mammals
KW  - vertebrates
KW  - Chordata
KW  - animals
KW  - eukaryotes
KW  - CD4+ cells
KW  - CD8+ cells
KW  - cell count
KW  - cesium
KW  - feces
KW  - immunity reactions
KW  - immunological reactions
KW  - intestine epithelium
KW  - leucocytes
KW  - T cells
KW  - T4 lymphocytes
KW  - T8 lymphocytes
KW  - white blood cells
KW  - Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine (VV080) (New June 2002)
KW  - Animal Models of Human Nutrition (VV140) 
KW  - General Molecular Biology (ZZ360) (Discontinued March 2000)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20143134287&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.fasebj.org/content/28/3/1486.abstract
UR  - email: sara.zwart-1@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prediction of renal crystalline size distributions in space using a PBE analytic model. 2. Effect of dietary countermeasures.
AU  - Kassemi, M.
AU  - Thompson, D.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology
Y1  - 2016///
VL  - 311
IS  - 3
SP  - F531
EP  - F538
CY  - Bethesda; USA
PB  - American Physiological Society
SN  - 1931-857X
AD  - Kassemi, M.: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20163327274.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Human Nutrition
N2  - An analytic Population Balance Equation model is used to assess the efficacy of citrate, pyrophosphate, and augmented fluid intake as dietary countermeasures aimed at reducing the risk of renal stone formation for astronauts. The model uses the measured biochemical profile of the astronauts as input and predicts the steady-state size distribution of the nucleating, growing, and agglomerating renal calculi subject to biochemical changes brought about by administration of these dietary countermeasures. Numerical predictions indicate that an increase in citrate levels beyond its average normal ground-based urinary values is beneficial but only to a limited extent. Unfortunately, results also indicate that any decline in the citrate levels during space travel below its normal urinary values on Earth can easily move the astronaut into the stone-forming risk category. Pyrophosphate is found to be an effective inhibitor since numerical predictions indicate that even at quite small urinary concentrations, it has the potential of shifting the maximum crystal aggregate size to a much smaller and plausibly safer range. Finally, our numerical results predict a decline in urinary volume below 1.5 liters/day can act as a dangerous promoter of renal stone development in microgravity while urinary volume levels of 2.5-3 liters/day can serve as effective space countermeasures.
KW  - biochemistry
KW  - crystallins
KW  - diets
KW  - fluid intake
KW  - kidneys
KW  - promoters
KW  - renal calculi
KW  - urine
KW  - kidney calculi
KW  - kidney stones
KW  - promoter region
KW  - promoter sequences
KW  - Human Nutrition (General) (VV100) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163327274&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://ajprenal.physiology.org/content/311/3/F531
UR  - email: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - An investigation of proposed techniques for quantifying confidence in assurance arguments.
AU  - Graydon, P. J.
AU  - Holloway, C. M.
JO  - Safety Science
JF  - Safety Science
Y1  - 2017///
VL  - 92
SP  - 53
EP  - 65
CY  - Oxford; UK
PB  - Elsevier Ltd
SN  - 0925-7535
AD  - Graydon, P. J.: Mail Stop 130, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.
N1  - Accession Number: 20163399569.  Publication Type: Journal Article.  Language: English.  Subject Subsets: Public Health
N2  - The use of safety cases in certification raises the question of assurance argument sufficiency and the issue of confidence (or uncertainty) in the argument's claims. Some researchers propose to model confidence quantitatively and to calculate confidence in argument conclusions. We know of little evidence to suggest that any proposed technique would deliver trustworthy results when implemented by system safety practitioners. Proponents do not usually assess the efficacy of their techniques through controlled experiment or historical study. Instead, they present an illustrative example where the calculation delivers a plausible result. In this paper, we review current proposals, claims made about them, and evidence advanced in favor of them. We then show that proposed techniques can deliver implausible results in some cases. We conclude that quantitative confidence techniques require further validation before they should be recommended as part of the basis for deciding whether an assurance argument justifies fielding a critical system.
KW  - certification
KW  - efficacy
KW  - research workers
KW  - safety
KW  - techniques
KW  - research personnel
KW  - researchers
KW  - Techniques and Methodology (ZZ900) 
KW  - Occupational Health and Safety (VV900) 
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lhh&AN=20163399569&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925753516302429
UR  - email: patrick.j.graydon@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lhh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - O'Keefe, John A.
T1  - LETTERS.
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 1960/07//
VL  - 203
IS  - 1
M3  - Letter
SP  - 12
EP  - 12
SN  - 00368733
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article in the "Science and the Citizen" section by J.L. Brenner, R. Fulton and N. Sherman about perturbations in the orbit of Vanguard, in the May 1960 issue.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Project Vanguard
N1  - Accession Number: 23139777; O'Keefe, John A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Theoretical Division Goddard Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D. C.; Issue Info: Jul1960, Vol. 203 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Project Vanguard; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=23139777&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charters, A. C.
T1  - HIGH-SPEED IMPACT.
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 1960/10//
VL  - 203
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 140
SN  - 00368733
AB  - The article focuses on high-speed impact as a result of two bodies colliding at extremely high velocity. An experiment conducted by James L. Summers at the Ames Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration found that low-velocity impact retains the shape of the sphere. Fluid is the material that has little or no strength to resist a change in shape.
KW  - Impact (Mechanics)
KW  - Collisions (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Speed
KW  - Fluids
KW  - Summers, James L.
N1  - Accession Number: 23649163; Charters, A. C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Supervisory Aeronautical Research Engineer and Chief, Hypervelocity Ballistic Range Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Oct1960, Vol. 203 Issue 4, p128; Subject Term: Impact (Mechanics); Subject Term: Collisions (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Speed; Subject Term: Fluids; People: Summers, James L.; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=23649163&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration &lpar;NASA&rpar;
T1  - Technical Publications Announcements
JO  - Technical Publications Announcements
JF  - Technical Publications Announcements
Y1  - 1961/01//1/ 1/1961
M3  - Article
SP  - NoPg.
AB  - A fortnightly listing of current NASA publications, NASA&hyphen;sponsored investigations and British publications.
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - SATIRE
N1  - Accession Number: 28414786; National Aeronautics and Space Administration &lpar;NASA&rpar;; Source Info: 1/ 1/1961, pNoPg.; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: SATIRE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=24h&AN=28414786&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 24h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration &lpar;NASA&rpar;
T1  - Evaluation of USSR Vs. Us Output in Space Science
JO  - Evaluation of USSR Vs. Us Output in Space Science
JF  - Evaluation of USSR Vs. Us Output in Space Science
Y1  - 1961/02/27/
M3  - Article
SP  - NoPg.
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - SOVIET Union
N1  - Accession Number: 28460749; National Aeronautics and Space Administration &lpar;NASA&rpar;; Source Info: 2/27/1961, pNoPg.; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject: UNITED States; Subject: SOVIET Union; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=24h&AN=28460749&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 24h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Office of Educational Programs and Services, National. Aeronautics and Space Administration
T1  - HISTORICAL ORIGINS OF N.A.S.A. (REVISED).
JO  - Airpower Historian
JF  - Airpower Historian
Y1  - 1963/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 23
SN  - 02779048
AB  - Foreword by Eugene M. Emme. Describes the formation of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in October 1958 as a result of the need for a sound, long-range space program, and sketches NASA's growth, aims, and history, 1958-1962. "Select Historical References" are given on pp. 22-23.
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - FEDERAL government
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 45924488; Office of Educational Programs and Services, National. Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: 1963, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p18; Historical Period: 1958 to 1962; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: FEDERAL government; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ahl&AN=45924488&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ahl
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Styles, Paul L.
T1  - Labor Relations in the Space Program.
JO  - Labor Law Journal
JF  - Labor Law Journal
Y1  - 1963/01//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
PB  - CCH Incorporated
SN  - 00236586
AB  - The article comments on labor relations in the space program. The men and women at the Marshall Center have built quite a reputation in rocketry because of their unique research ability. During the fifties they developed the famous Redstone rocket for the Army, and it piled up an amazing record of reliability. Some of the members of the team at Marshall have more than two decades of experience in rocketry. Marshall has the personnel and facilities on a skeleton-crew scale, for taking a rocket development project through all the various stages of the research and development cycle. The framework for relations with contractors is therefore established by clearly defined policy statements, the inherent advantages of utilizing fully the knowledge and experience of a seasoned rocket research and management team, and the urgent necessity for completing a variety of assigned launch vehicle projects as quickly and effectively as possible for the best interests of the nation and the free world.
KW  - INDUSTRIAL relations
KW  - CONTRACTORS
KW  - LABOR policy
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - ROCKETRY
KW  - ARMIES
N1  - Accession Number: 9667176; Styles, Paul L. 1; Affiliations: 1: Chief, Industrial Relations Office, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Huntsville, Alabama.; Issue Info: Jan63, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p91; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL relations; Thesaurus Term: CONTRACTORS; Thesaurus Term: LABOR policy; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: ROCKETRY; Subject Term: ARMIES; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Styles, Paul L.
T1  - Special Government Dispute Settlement Procedure.
JO  - Labor Law Journal
JF  - Labor Law Journal
Y1  - 1964/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
PB  - CCH Incorporated
SN  - 00236586
AB  - The article describes the procedure involved in special government dispute settlements in the United States atomic energy industry. Machines and new technological concepts are replacing men, having been doing so for countless years, and will do so in the future. It follows logically therefore that most of the "special" area attention is not a matter of attacking a new problem with a crash program. It is rather a matter of keeping up with an age-old problem: of calmly presenting ideas and approaches; of working together always--labor, industry, government--because the prosperity of one spells the prosperity of the other. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a separate agency from the Defense Department, but it does business with many of the same industrial firms. It has faced gigantic new technical problems and concepts and through it all has performed under the sobering realization that man will ride the huge rockets being fabricated, and his life must be protected. The nation's prestige is also at stake.
KW  - LABOR disputes
KW  - MACHINERY
KW  - NUCLEAR industry
KW  - ENERGY industries
KW  - MANPOWER
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 8616470; Styles, Paul L. 1; Affiliations: 1: Director, Office of Labor Relations, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama.; Issue Info: Jul64, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p413; Thesaurus Term: LABOR disputes; Thesaurus Term: MACHINERY; Thesaurus Term: NUCLEAR industry; Thesaurus Term: ENERGY industries; Thesaurus Term: MANPOWER; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417990 All other machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333999 All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Young, Richard S.
T1  - ON  EXOBIOLOGY.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1964/10//
VL  - 14
IS  - 10
M3  - Letter
SP  - 56
EP  - 56
SN  - 00063568
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to an editorial on exobiology published in the June 1964 issue.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Exobiology
N1  - Accession Number: 31913625; Young, Richard S. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Acting Chief, Exobiology Division, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.;  Source Info: Oct1964, Vol. 14 Issue 10, p56; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Exobiology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Day, J. L.
AU  - Lippitt Jr., M. w.
T1  - A LONG-TERM ELECTRODE SYSTEM FOR ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND IMPEDANCE PNEUMOGRAPHY.
JO  - Psychophysiology
JF  - Psychophysiology
Y1  - 1964/10//
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 174
EP  - 182
SN  - 00485772
AB  - This electrode system for electrocardiography and impedance pneumography is an extension of the one used on Project Mercury. Detailed description is given of the manufacturing procedure for the silver-silver chloride electrodes, for the preparation of a non-irritating electrode paste and for the application of the electrodes. Tests were made on 21 subjects up to 96 hours. Only nine electrodes failed during the entire test during which subjects engaged in active sports, bathed, etc. Irritation of the skin was minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
KW  - LUNGS -- Blood-vessels -- Radiography
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - SKIN -- Inflammation
KW  - Electrocardiography
KW  - Electrode paste.
KW  - Electrode. Silver chloride
KW  - Pneumography
N1  - Accession Number: 11044172; Day, J. L. 1 Lippitt Jr., M. w.; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Manned Spacecraft Center, Crew Systems Division, Houston, Texas.; Source Info: Oct+H65391964, Vol. 1 Issue 2, p174; Subject Term: ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; Subject Term: LUNGS -- Blood-vessels -- Radiography; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: SKIN -- Inflammation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrocardiography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrode paste.; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrode. Silver chloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pneumography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
T1  - Bioastronautic data book.
AU  - Webb, P.
T3  - NASA SP-3006.
Y1  - 1965///
CY  - Washington; 
PB  - USGPO
N1  - Accession Number: SPH64500; Author: Webb, P. ; Corporate Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. Scientific and Technical Information Division; Language: English; Description: ix, 400 p.; Publication Type: Monograph or government document; Update Code: 19981201
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - *AVIATION medicine
KW  - *FLIGHT
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Webb, James E.
AU  - Cleveland, Harlan
AU  - Gross, Bertram M.
AU  - Staats, Elmer B.
AU  - Ahmed, Latheef N.
T1  - Currents and Soundings: From the Professional Stream.
JO  - Public Administration Review
JF  - Public Administration Review
Y1  - 1966/09//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 216
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00333352
AB  - The article presents several excerpts from the speech given by different public administrators, at annual meetings of the American Society for Public Administration. The administrator of National Aeronautics and Space Administration, James E. Webb said at the presidential address given at the annual meeting of the year 1996, that public administrators should think of ourselves as members of a profession with working relations with all disciplines and in a new environment, not only outside the campus of a university but on the campus of a university. Harlan Cleveland, U. S. Permanent Representative on the North Atlantic Council, in a keynote address presented in 1966 annual meeting, said that "We live and work in a modem industrial society which is a complicated collection of very large organizations." It is, therefore, necessary to come to terms with the bureaucratic society, to discover that large bureaucracy is not a pyramid of authority with all control at the top, but a cooperative enterprise in which control is loose, power diffused, and the centers of decision plural.
KW  - PUBLIC administration
KW  - ANNUAL meetings
KW  - LEADERSHIP
KW  - BUREAUCRACY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. General Accounting Office
KW  - AMERICAN Society for Public Administration
KW  - WEBB, James E.
KW  - CLEVELAND, Harlan
N1  - Accession Number: 4595005; Webb, James E. 1,2; Cleveland, Harlan 3; Gross, Bertram M. 4; Staats, Elmer B. 5; Ahmed, Latheef N. 6; Affiliations: 1: Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; 2: President, American Society for Public Administration.; 3: U. S. Permanent Representative on the North Atlantic Council.; 4: Syracuse University.; 5: Comptroller General, United States.; 6: University of Missouri, Kansas City.; Issue Info: Sep66, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p205; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC administration; Thesaurus Term: ANNUAL meetings; Thesaurus Term: LEADERSHIP; Thesaurus Term: BUREAUCRACY; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. General Accounting Office ; Company/Entity: AMERICAN Society for Public Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; People: WEBB, James E.; People: CLEVELAND, Harlan; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa thesaurus: subject terms for indexing scientific and technical information. volume 2: alphabetical listing m-z
JO  - Report Nasa-sp-7030. 1967 December. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c. 428 P. Cfsti: N68-11308. See (s) Isa 69-2424, 2426
JF  - Report Nasa-sp-7030. 1967 December. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c. 428 P. Cfsti: N68-11308. See (s) Isa 69-2424, 2426
Y1  - 1967///
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0402277; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1967; Note: Update Code: 0400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa thesaurus: subject terms for indexing scientific and technical information. volume 1: alphabetical listing a-l
JO  - Report Nasa-sp-7030. 1967 December. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c. 441 P. Cfsti: N68-11307. See (s) Isa 69-2425, 2426
JF  - Report Nasa-sp-7030. 1967 December. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c. 441 P. Cfsti: N68-11307. See (s) Isa 69-2425, 2426
Y1  - 1967///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The nasa thesaurus is an alphabetical listing of terms by which the documents in the nasa scientific and technical information system are indexed and retrieved. The first two volumes of the three-volume publication contain the subject terms and the complete cross-reference structure that comprise the thesaurus proper; the final volume consists of four appendixes which arrange the thesaurus elements in other ways for purposes of further explication and utility. The four appendixes are: hierarchical display (appendix a); category term listing (appendix b); permuted index (appendix c); and postable terms (appendix d).
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0402276; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1967; Note: Update Code: 0400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa thesaurus: subject terms for indexing scientific and technical information. volume 3: appendixes
JO  - Report Nasa-sp-7030. 1967 December. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c. 651 P. Cfsti: N68-11309. See (s) Isa 69-2424, 2425
JF  - Report Nasa-sp-7030. 1967 December. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c. 651 P. Cfsti: N68-11309. See (s) Isa 69-2424, 2425
Y1  - 1967///
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0402278; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1967; Note: Update Code: 0400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adams, Thomas W.
AU  - Murphy, Thomas P.
T1  - NASA's University Research Programs: Dilemmas & Problems on the Government-Academic Interface.
JO  - Public Administration Review
JF  - Public Administration Review
Y1  - 1967/03//
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00333352
AB  - The authors describe how the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) organized itself to cope creatively with problems and dilemmas in one aspect of its scientific program, viz., the attempt to draw the heterogeneous capabilities of universities into the national space effort. A number of government-academic issues are outlined; some questions and suggestions regarding resolution are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Public Administration Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - EDUCATION & state
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 4596629; Adams, Thomas W. 1; Murphy, Thomas P. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters.; 2: University of Missouri, Kansas City.; Issue Info: Mar67, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p10; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: EDUCATION & state; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gessow, Alfred
T1  - THE CHANGING HELICOPTER. .
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 1967/04//
VL  - 216
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 46
SN  - 00368733
AB  - The article focuses on the improvement of helicopters. Its 1967 version of rotor blades, which provide lift to it, are 30 to 75 feet in length. It is said that the complex system of rotating parts involved in its propulsion, transmission and control systems are the principal reason for the high-cost of construction and maintenance of the helicopter.
KW  - Helicopters
KW  - Compressors -- Blades
KW  - Propulsion systems
KW  - Gearing
KW  - Flight control
N1  - Accession Number: 21957440; Gessow, Alfred 1; Affiliations: 1: Assistant Director of Research, Physics and Mathematics, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Apr1967, Vol. 216 Issue 4, p38; Subject Term: Helicopters; Subject Term: Compressors -- Blades; Subject Term: Propulsion systems; Subject Term: Gearing; Subject Term: Flight control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333612 Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caren, Linda
T1  - A RE-EXAMINATION OF DARWINISM.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1967/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 424
EP  - 424
SN  - 00063568
AB  - The article reviews the book "The Causes of Evolution," by J.B.S. Haldane.
KW  - Genetics
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Haldane, J. B. S. (John Burdon Sanderson), 1892-1964
KW  - Causes of Evolution, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 31990278; Caren, Linda 1; Affiliations: 1 : NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.;  Source Info: Jun1967, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p424; Thesaurus Term: Genetics; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Wente, Van A
AU  - Young, Fifford A
T1  - Selective information announcement systems for a large community of users
JO  - Journal of Chemical Documentation
JF  - Journal of Chemical Documentation
Y1  - 1967/08//
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 142
EP  - 147
SN  - 00219576
AB  - Selective dissemination of information (sdi) has been developed within nasa as a current awareness service and is successfully employed both centrally and decentrally. However, recognition has been given by nasa and others to the potential advantages of automatically generating selected announcements by techniques more economical than individual sdi profile matching. Such a technique, nasa scan, is at present a developmental information program, not fully available to all potential users. Current participation by representative nasa research centers and contractors is providing a basis for projecting a fully operational system. Information is accumulating on such factors as processing methods, distribution techniques, user response, cost elements, and document request fulfillment. Continued development of scan should lead to an effective, flexible, and economical current awareness service for large numbers of users. Scan is an acronym for selected current aerospace notices.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0300155; Wente, Van A 1; Young, Fifford A; Affiliations: 1 : Scientific & Technical Information Division, Office Of Technology Utilization, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c.;  Source Info: August 1967, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p142; Note: Update Code: 0300; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, James C.
T1  - Computer Formulation of the Equations of Motion Using Tensor Notation.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1967/09//
VL  - 10
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 543
EP  - 548
SN  - 00010782
AB  - A means is described for extending the area of application of digital computers beyond the numerical data processing stage and reducing the need for human participation in the formulation of certain types of computer problems. By the use of tensor calculus and a computer language designed to facilitate symbolic mathematical computation, a method has been devised whereby a digital computer con be used to do non-numeric work, that is, symbolic algebraic manipulation and differentiation. To illustrate the techniques involved, a digital computer has been used to derive the equations of motion of a point mass in a general orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. Since this operation involves a formulation in terms of first- and second-order differential coefficients, it provides a good demonstration of a computer's capability to do non-numeric work and to assist in the formulation process which normally precedes the numerical data processing stage. Moreover, this particular problem serves to illustrate the advantages of the mathematical techniques employed. With the program prepared for this purpose the computer will derive the equations of motion in any coordinate system requested by the user. Results are presented for the following coordinate systems: cylindrical polar, spherical polar, and prolate spheroidal. Describes a method whereby a digital computer can be used to do algebraic manipulation and differentiation.  Application of tensor calculus and a computer language designed to facilitate symbolic mathematical computation; Derivation of the equations of motion of a point mass in a general orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system using a digital computer; Equations derived from various coordinate systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications of the ACM is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALCULUS of tensors
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL geometry
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL intelligence
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - MACHINE theory
KW  - DIGITAL computer simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 5355276; Howard, James C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, NAASA Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Sep67, Vol. 10 Issue 9, p543; Subject Term: CALCULUS of tensors; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL geometry; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL intelligence; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: MACHINE theory; Subject Term: DIGITAL computer simulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/363566.363679
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - A selective list of acronyms and abbreviations
JO  - 1968 October 28. Nasa, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, Florida. 52 P. Cfsti: N69-24451
JF  - 1968 October 28. Nasa, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Cocoa Beach, Florida. 52 P. Cfsti: N69-24451
Y1  - 1968///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A list containing acronyms, abbreviationsl, initials, code words, and phrases generally used at the kennedy space center is presented. Over 2600 entries are included.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0500415; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1968; Note: Update Code: 0500; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center.
T1  - Computer research at msfc
JO  - 1968. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama. 10 P. Cfsti: Cscl09b
JF  - 1968. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama. 10 P. Cfsti: Cscl09b
Y1  - 1968///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The time sharing ability and operational aspects are discussed for the univac 1108 computer. Examples of languages solving typical problems are depicted. A brief discussion is presented on information retrieval systems and onboard computer techniques.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0402420; National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center.; Source Info: 1968; Note: Update Code: 0400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Wente, Van A
AU  - Young, Gifford A
T1  - Operating experience with nasa/scan, a large scale selective announcement service
JO  - In American Society For Information Science, Proceedings, 5. Annual Meeting, October 20-24, 1968. Columbus, Ohio. P. 217-222. 4 Illus. 1 Tab. 3 Ref. See Isa 69-010/y
JF  - In American Society For Information Science, Proceedings, 5. Annual Meeting, October 20-24, 1968. Columbus, Ohio. P. 217-222. 4 Illus. 1 Tab. 3 Ref. See Isa 69-010/y
Y1  - 1968///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Selectivity is increasingly important in information, transfer, but individual selective dissemination is limited in applicability because computer matching, printing costs, and profile development efforts increase in direct proportion to the number of users. An alternative for large numbers of users is the offset reproduction of computer printouts of notification listings selected according to standard topic profiles. The nasa/scan (selected current aerospace notices) program, which is providing a choice of nearly 200 topics to 250 organizations servicing 5000 individuals, has demonstrated the relative economy and effectiveness of the concept.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0400329; Wente, Van A 1; Young, Gifford A; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c.;  Source Info: 1968; Note: Update Code: 0400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Management: a continuing literature survey, with indexes, 1962-1967
JO  - Report Nasa-sp-7500. 1968 March. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c. 29 P. Cfsti: N68-21828
JF  - Report Nasa-sp-7500. 1968 March. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington, D.c. 29 P. Cfsti: N68-21828
Y1  - 1968///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A compilation of references to unclassified reports and periodicals on the subject of management that may be found in the nasa scientific and technical inforamtion system is reported. The publication assembles groups of citations formerly announced in separate journals, scientific and technical aerospace reports (star) and international aerospace abstracts (iaa), to provide management with a convenient information tool. Contents include material generated or sponsored by nasa during the period 1962 through 1967. Abstracts in the survey are grouped under the followng categories: program management, contract management research and development, management tools and techniques; personnel management; urban management; management policy and philosophy; economics; and general which includes conference proceedings, reviews, patent information, speeches, and bibliographies.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0500021; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1968; Note: Update Code: 0500; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flyger, Vagn
AU  - Townsend, Marjorie R.
T1  - The Migration of Polar Bears.
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 1968/02//
VL  - 218
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
EP  - 116
SN  - 00368733
AB  - Provides information on the migration of polar bears.  Use of artificial satellites in observing the behavior of polar bears; Methods used in marking bears for observation such as long-lasting dyes; Procedures involved in tracking bears.
KW  - Polar bear
KW  - Animal migration
KW  - BEHAVIOR
KW  - Artificial satellites in wildlife management
KW  - Bears
KW  - Artificial satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 20797213; Flyger, Vagn 1,2; Townsend, Marjorie R. 3; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 2: Research professor and head, Inland Resources Division, Natural Resource Institute; 3: Goodard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Feb1968, Vol. 218 Issue 2, p108; Thesaurus Term: Polar bear; Thesaurus Term: Animal migration; Thesaurus Term: BEHAVIOR; Thesaurus Term: Artificial satellites in wildlife management; Subject Term: Bears; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tremor, John W.
T1  - The Cellular Aspects of Biorhythms.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1968/04//
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 344
EP  - 345
SN  - 00063568
AB  - The article reviews the book "The Cellular Aspects of Biorhythms," by edited by H. von Mayersbach.
KW  - Biological rhythms
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Von Mayersbach, H.
KW  - Cellular Aspects of Biorhythms, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 31986357; Tremor, John W. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.;  Source Info: Apr1968, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p344; Subject Term: Biological rhythms; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pope, Jack M.
AU  - Deboo, Gordon J.
AU  - Smith, David B. D.
T1  - A CARDIOTACHOMETER WITH LINEAR INDICATION OF BEAT-TO-BEAT FREQUENCY.
JO  - Psychophysiology
JF  - Psychophysiology
Y1  - 1968/04//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 486
EP  - 492
SN  - 00485772
AB  - The instrument described has a linear indication of beat-to-beat heart rate with an overall accuracy of ± 1 beat per minute. A linear output response over the range of 30 to 270 beats per minute is achieved with a square law discharge network. Input clipping and filter circuits permit reliable operation with moderately active subjects. Details of the circuit design and its performance are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEDICAL equipment
KW  - HEART beat
KW  - HEMODYNAMICS
KW  - HEART conduction system
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - BIOMEDICAL engineering
KW  - cardiotachometer
KW  - frequency measurement
KW  - heart rate
N1  - Accession Number: 11236569; Pope, Jack M. 1 Deboo, Gordon J. 1 Smith, David B. D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center NASA Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Apr1968, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p486; Subject Term: MEDICAL equipment; Subject Term: HEART beat; Subject Term: HEMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HEART conduction system; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiotachometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: heart rate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holman, Mary A.
AU  - Konkel, Ronald M.
T1  - Space Employment in Los Angeles: A Declining Role in the Aerospace Industry?
JO  - California Management Review
JF  - California Management Review
Y1  - 1968///Fall1968
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
PB  - California Management Review
SN  - 00081256
AB  - The authors analyze employment and economic trends associated with the aerospace industry in California as of 1968, focusing mostly on Los Angeles county. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), especially the manned space flight program, has increased the U.S. federal government's spending in the aerospace industry, keeping the industry stable. However, the state of California foresees a drop in spending by the federal government and has initiated public contracts in transportation, crime prevention, education, and pollution control in an effort to promote companies in the aerospace industry to diversify.
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - JOB creation
KW  - EMPLOYMENT (Economic theory)
KW  - FORECASTING
KW  - ECONOMICS -- Mathematical models
KW  - BUSINESS requirements analysis
KW  - BUSINESS forecasting
KW  - PUBLIC expenditure forecasting
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - APPROPRIATIONS & expenditures
KW  - LOS Angeles County (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 5048539; Holman, Mary A. 1,2; Konkel, Ronald M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Associate Professor of Economics, George Washington University; 2: Economic Consultant to the Associate Administrator, Manned Space Flight, National Aeronautics arid Space Administration.; 3: Program Analyst, Office of Manned Space Flight, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: Fall1968, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p23; Thesaurus Term: AEROSPACE industries; Thesaurus Term: JOB creation; Thesaurus Term: EMPLOYMENT (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: FORECASTING; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMICS -- Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS requirements analysis; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS forecasting; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC expenditure forecasting; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: APPROPRIATIONS & expenditures; Subject: LOS Angeles County (Calif.); Subject: CALIFORNIA; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921130 Public Finance Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1969-00215-001
AN  - 1969-00215-001
AU  - Clark, Brant
AU  - Stewart, John D.
T1  - Magnitude estimates of rotational velocity during and following prolonged increasing, constant, and zero angular acceleration.
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology
Y1  - 1968/10//
VL  - 78
IS  - 2, Pt.1
SP  - 329
EP  - 339
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0022-1015
N1  - Accession Number: 1969-00215-001. Other Journal Title: Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Clark, Brant; National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Other Publishers: Psychological Review Company. Release Date: 20060329. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Estimation; Motion Perception; Perception; Somesthetic Perception. Classification: Human Experimental Psychology (2300). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 11. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 1968. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 1968. 
AB  - Observed velocity of rotation by 10 0s in a rotating simulator during and following accelerations about a vertical axis which varied between .5–-1.5–/sec2 and .006–-.03–/sec3 and continued for 2-3 min. Trials with 0 acceleration were also included. Magnitude estimates of velocity of rotation increased and then declined during the constant accelerations, while more complex effects occurred during increasing accelerations. Aftereffects and an autokinetic effect were also observed. Current theory of vestibular function is considered in the light of these results. (24 ref.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
KW  - magnitude estimation of rotational velocity
KW  - effects during & following prolonged increasing & constant & 0 angular acceleration
KW  - 1968
KW  - Estimation
KW  - Motion Perception
KW  - Perception
KW  - Somesthetic Perception
DO  - 10.1037/h0026276
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Smith III, Robert A.
T1  - Social Systems Analysis and Industrial Humanism: Awareness Without Revelations.
JO  - Academy of Management Proceedings (00650668)
JF  - Academy of Management Proceedings (00650668)
Y1  - 1968/12//
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 11
EP  - 23
PB  - Academy of Management
SN  - 00650668
AB  - The article advocates a holistic approach to organizations, noting the diverse and sometimes conflicting approaches of those who are concerned with group dynamics and those who look at organizations from a project management standpoint. This article reviews the history and growth of these approaches, tries to understand their lack of interaction, and explores how one might begin the process of integrating these two seemingly diverse methods. The author specifically addresses the work of Warren Bennis and others who see the future of organizations as adaptive, flexible systems that address problems according to skill sets and training. The author calls for organizations to develop a social systems analysis approach that integrates scientific technique with human variables.
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL sociology
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - PROJECT management
KW  - INDUSTRIAL management
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL behavior
KW  - CORPORATE culture
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL socialization
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL structure
KW  - SOCIAL groups
KW  - HUMANISM
KW  - BENNIS, Warren, 1925-2014
N1  - Accession Number: 4980588; Smith III, Robert A. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 1968, p11; Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL sociology; Thesaurus Term: SYSTEM analysis; Thesaurus Term: SYSTEMS theory; Thesaurus Term: PROJECT management; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL management; Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL behavior; Thesaurus Term: CORPORATE culture; Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL socialization; Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL structure; Subject Term: SOCIAL groups; Subject Term: HUMANISM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541619 Other management consulting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; People: BENNIS, Warren, 1925-2014; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.5465/AMBPP.1968.4980588
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, James C.
AU  - Tashjian, Howard
AU  - Lynn, M. S.
T1  - An Algorithm for Deriving the Equations of Mathematical Physics by Symbolic Manipulation.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1968/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 814
EP  - 826
SN  - 00010782
AB  - A method is described whereby a digital computer can be used to derive the equations of mathematical physics in any curvilinear coordinate system requested by the user. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated by using it to derive the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid motion and the continuity equation. To derive these equations by this method, the user need know only the coordinate transformation equations relating the curvilinear coordinates of interest to an orthogonal Cartesian triad. When this program is used and the coordinate transformation equations are supplied as input, the computer will derive the Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation. The equations obtained will be relative to the curvilinear coordinate system specified by the transformation equations used as input. In this paper the emphasis is on theoretical considerations and methodology rather than on programming details. Results are presented for cylindrical polar and spherical polar coordinate systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications of the ACM is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - CURVILINEAR coordinates
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - continuity equation
KW  - curvilinear coordinate systems
KW  - FORMAC
KW  - FORTRAN
KW  - Navier-Stokes equations
KW  - symbolic manipulation
KW  - tensor
KW  - tensor equation
N1  - Accession Number: 5247907; Howard, James C. 1; Tashjian, Howard 1; Lynn, M. S.; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Issue Info: Dec1968, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p814; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Subject Term: CURVILINEAR coordinates; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: continuity equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: curvilinear coordinate systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: FORMAC; Author-Supplied Keyword: FORTRAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: symbolic manipulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: tensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: tensor equation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/364175.364194
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - von Braun, Wernher
T1  - Saturn/Apollo as a Transportation System.
JO  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
JF  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Y1  - 1969/09//
VL  - 25
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 78
SN  - 00963402
AB  - Discusses the type of equipment and vehicles necessary for the extension of space exploration during the coming decades. Advocates the development of large space stations from which astronauts can launch their expeditions and store equipment needed on their flights. Eventually these space stations will accommodate 20 to 50 men who will support the activities of astronauts and conduct important independent research of their own.
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - VOYAGES & travels
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Space Exploration (equipment, vehicles)
N1  - Accession Number: 21498770; von Braun, Wernher 1; Affiliations: 1 : Director, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Alabama;  Source Info: Sep1969, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p74; Historical Period: 1969; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: VOYAGES & travels; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ahl
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO A BRIEF AUDITORY AND VISUAL STIMULUS.
AU  - Smith, David B. D.
AU  - Strawbridge, Phyllis J.
JO  - Psychophysiology
JF  - Psychophysiology
Y1  - 1969/11//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
SP  - 317
EP  - 329
SN  - 00485772
N1  - Accession Number: 11238341; Author: Smith, David B. D.: 1 Author: Strawbridge, Phyllis J.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California.; No. of Pages: 13; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20031223
N2  - The adult heart rate (HR) response was studied in 18 male subjects following a series of 10 tones and 10 light flashes. Both stimuli were of moderate intensity (54 db and 8.0 mi) and had rise times of 30 milliseconds. The tone evoked a predominantly acceleratory response and no decrement with repetition. Initially, the light flash evoked a predominantly deceleratory response which changed to one of acceleration as the stimulus was repeated. Analysis of respiration revealed that an increase in rate and amplitude followed both stimuli and that the magnitude of respiratory changes did not diminish with stimulus repetition. Viewed according to Sokolov's criteria for identifying orienting, defensive, and adaptive responses the results support the conclusions that: (1) HR deceleration is a component of the orienting response; and (2) HR acceleration is neither an orienting, defensive, nor adaptive response but is largely secondary to respiratory changes. On the basis of the evidence, a tentative model of the HR response to simple auditory and visual stimuli is offered. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *HEART beat
KW  - *RESPIRATION
KW  - ADULTS
KW  - STIMULUS intensity
KW  - ORIENTING reflex
KW  - Adaptive response. (D. B. D. Smith)
KW  - Defensive response
KW  - Heart rate
KW  - Orienting response
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paine, Thomas O.
T1  - FROM THE PROFESSIONAL STREAM: CURRENTS AND SOUNDINGS.
JO  - Public Administration Review
JF  - Public Administration Review
Y1  - 1969/11//Nov/Dec69
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 654
SN  - 00333352
AB  - Compares the administration of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration with city management; complains that `If we can put a man on the moon, we can properly administer urban affairs,' 1960's.
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - URBAN policy
KW  - PUBLIC administration
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - URBANIZATION
KW  - PERSONALITY & motivation
KW  - CITIES & towns
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 4596636; Paine, Thomas O. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Administrator, National Aeronautics And Space Administration.;  Source Info: Nov/Dec69, Vol. 29 Issue 6, p654; Historical Period: 1960 to 1969; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: URBAN policy; Subject Term: PUBLIC administration; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: URBANIZATION; Subject Term: PERSONALITY & motivation; Subject Term: CITIES & towns; Subject: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ahl
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Posner, Edward C.
AU  - Rodemich, Eugene R.
AU  - Ashlock, John C.
AU  - Lurib, Sandra
T1  - APPLICATION OF AN ESTIMATOR OF HIGH EFFICIENCY IN BIVARIATE EXTREME VALUE THEORY.
JO  - Journal of the American Statistical Association
JF  - Journal of the American Statistical Association
Y1  - 1969/12//
VL  - 64
IS  - 328
M3  - Article
SP  - 1403
EP  - 1414
SN  - 01621459
AB  - This paper uses a family of bivariate extreme-value distributions to estimate the probability of a large exceedance of a random variable given that a certain other random variable not independent of the first has exceeded a certain value. A simple method of reasonably good efficiency is given for estimating a bivariate extreme-value distribution from independent bivariate samples. The method is used to analyze the performance of a spacecraft command receiver which has an indication of data quality so that commands likely to be in error can be rejected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Statistical Association is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - RANDOM variables
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - METHODOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 4603982; Posner, Edward C. 1; Rodemich, Eugene R. 1; Ashlock, John C. 1; Lurib, Sandra 1; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: Dec69, Vol. 64 Issue 328, p1403; Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: PROBLEM solving; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Thesaurus Term: RANDOM variables; Thesaurus Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paine, Thomas O.
T1  - Space Applications.
JO  - Operations Research
JF  - Operations Research
Y1  - 1970/07//Jul/Aug70
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 592
EP  - 592
PB  - INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research
SN  - 0030364X
AB  - Presents a foreword to the July 1970 issue of the journal "Operations Research."
KW  - OPERATIONS research
KW  - OPERATIONS Research (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 8736086; Paine, Thomas O. 1; Affiliations: 1: Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: Jul/Aug70, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p592; Thesaurus Term: OPERATIONS research; Reviews & Products: OPERATIONS Research (Periodical); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Muriel, Amador
T1  - BRAIN DRAIN IN THE PHILIPPINES: A CASE STUDY.
JO  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
JF  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Y1  - 1970/09//
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 38
EP  - 39
SN  - 00963402
AB  - The article presents a case study on the issue of brain drain in the Philippines. It states that brain drain has been a growing trend in the country because of several factors such as poverty, poor salary, limited professional opportunities, as well as poor government management, in terms of addressing the needs of the intellectuals. Issues on government apathy and corruption are also cited as reasons for brain drain. The article implies a need for the government to focus on the issue and organize ways on how to minimize the problem.
KW  - BRAIN drain
KW  - INTELLECTUAL capital
KW  - HUMAN capital
KW  - INTELLECTUALS
KW  - PROFESSIONAL employees
KW  - CAREER development
KW  - INCOME distribution
KW  - PHILIPPINES
N1  - Accession Number: 21569503; Muriel, Amador 1; Affiliations: 1 : Research Associate, Institute for Space Studies ( Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration);  Source Info: Sep1970, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p38; Subject Term: BRAIN drain; Subject Term: INTELLECTUAL capital; Subject Term: HUMAN capital; Subject Term: INTELLECTUALS; Subject Term: PROFESSIONAL employees; Subject Term: CAREER development; Subject Term: INCOME distribution; Subject: PHILIPPINES; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Case Study
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 24h
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa thesaurus, alphabetical update: subject terms for indexing scientific and technical information
JO  - Nasa-sp-7040. 1971 September. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 619 P. Ntis: N72-15923; Hc $9.00, Mf $0.95
JF  - Nasa-sp-7040. 1971 September. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 619 P. Ntis: N72-15923; Hc $9.00, Mf $0.95
Y1  - 1971///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The nasa thesaurus, alphabetical update is an alphabetical listing of all subject terms (postable and nonpostable) that are currently approved for use in the nasa scientific and technical information system. Contained in the listing are the subject terms that were listed in the preliminary edition of the nasa thesaurus and the additional subject terms that were approved during the period january 1, 1967 to june 30, 1971. Complete thesaurus structuring, including scope notes, category assignments, and cross-references, is provided for each term as appropriate.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0800322; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1971; Note: Update Code: 0800; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GHOSE, SUBRATA
AU  - TSANG, TUNG
T1  - Ordering of V2+, Mn2+, and Fe3+ Ions in Zoisite, Ca²A1³Si³012(OH).
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/01/29/
VL  - 171
IS  - 3969
M3  - Article
SP  - 374
EP  - 376
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The presence of very small amounts of Mn2+, V2+, and Fe3+ ions in zoisite can be easily detected by the electron paramagnetic resonance technique at room temperature. The Mn2+ and Fe3+ ions are completely ordered and are probably located in the Ca(l)- and Al(II)-sites, respectively, whereas the V2+ ions probably occupy both Ca(l)- and Ca(2)-sites, with a preference for the Ca(l)-site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85104308; GHOSE, SUBRATA 1; TSANG, TUNG 1; Affiliations: 1: Planetology Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; Issue Info: 1/29/1971, Vol. 171 Issue 3969, p374; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHANG, SHERWOOD
AU  - KVENVOLDEN, KEITH
AU  - LAWLESS, JAMES
AU  - PONNAMPERUMA, CYRIL
AU  - KAPLAN, I. R.
T1  - Carbon, Carbides, and Methane in an Apollo 12 Sample.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/02/05/
VL  - 171
IS  - 3970
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
EP  - 477
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Total carbon in the Apollo 12 sample 12023 fines was 110 micrograms per gram of sample with a carbon isotopic abundance δ13C (relative to the Pee Dee belemnite standard) of +12 per mil. Hydrolysis of the fines with deuterium chloride yielded undeuterated methane along with deuterated hydrocarbons, thus confirming the presence of 7 to 21 micrograms of carbon per gram of sample as carbide and about 2 micrograms of carbon per gram of sample as indigenous methane. After vacuum pyrolysis of the fines to 1100°C the following gases were detected in the relative abundance: carbon monoxide > carbon dioxide > methane. Variations of the δ13C value with the pyrolysis temperature indicated the presence of carbon with more than one range of isotopic values. The observed δ13C value of +14 per mil for lunar carbide is much higher than that of carbide in meteorites. These results suggest that lunar carbide is either indigenous to the moon or a meteoritic contribution that has been highly fractionated isotopically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85104351; CHANG, SHERWOOD 1; KVENVOLDEN, KEITH 1; LAWLESS, JAMES 1; PONNAMPERUMA, CYRIL 1; KAPLAN, I. R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Department of Geology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024; Issue Info: 2/ 5/1971, Vol. 171 Issue 3970, p474; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GREELEY, RONALD
AU  - GAULT, DONALD E.
T1  - Endogenetic Craters Interpreted from Crater Counts on the Inner Wall of Copernicus.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/02/05/
VL  - 171
IS  - 3970
M3  - Article
SP  - 477
EP  - 479
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Collapse craters formed in terrestrial basalt flows exhibit size-frequency distributions that are similar to distributions for craters located in terraces in the inner wall of the lunar crater Copernicus. These distributions and surface morphology suggest that the interior terraces are basalt lava flows containing collapse craters as well as impact craters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85104352; GREELEY, RONALD 1; GAULT, DONALD E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Mofjett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 2/ 5/1971, Vol. 171 Issue 3970, p477; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MCKAY, DAVID S.
AU  - CARTER, JAMES L.
AU  - GREENWOOD, WILLIAM R.
T1  - Lunar Metallic Particle ("Mini-Moon"): An Interpretation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/02/05/
VL  - 171
IS  - 3970
M3  - Article
SP  - 479
EP  - 480
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A troilite-rich nickel-iron particle ("mini-moon") recovered from the moon may be a mound detached from a sphere of silicate glass. Erosion and pitting of the particle may have been caused by passage through a cloud of hot gas and particulate matter formed by meteorite impact on the lunar surface. This explanation is in contrast to the theory that the particle was meteoritically derived molten material that was furrowed during solidification after lunar impact, subsequently pitted by high-velocity particles, and then abraded and polished by drifting dust while on the lunar surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85104353; MCKAY, DAVID S. 1; CARTER, JAMES L. 2; GREENWOOD, WILLIAM R. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas 77058; 2: Earth and Planetary Sciences Laboratory, University of Texas, Dallas 75230; Issue Info: 2/ 5/1971, Vol. 171 Issue 3970, p479; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - RAMATY, R.
T1  - X-rays from Centaurus A and the Far-Infrared Background Radiation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/02/05/
VL  - 171
IS  - 3970
M3  - Article
SP  - 500
EP  - 501
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85104363; RAMATY, R. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; Issue Info: 2/ 5/1971, Vol. 171 Issue 3970, p500; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HANSEN, JAMES E.
AU  - ARKING, ALBERT
T1  - Clouds of Venus: Evidence for Their Nature.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/02/19/
VL  - 171
IS  - 3972
M3  - Article
SP  - 669
EP  - 672
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The linear polarization of sunlight multiply scattered by the atmosphere, and cloud particles of Venus has been computed and compared with observations over the wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the infrared region. The following properties of the visible cloud layer are derived: the refractive index of the cloud particles is 1.45 ± 0.02 at a wavelength of 0.55 micron, and there is an indication of a slight decrease in the value from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared region; the mean particle radius is very near I micron, and most of the particles are spherical; the cloud layer occurs high in the atmosphere where the pressure is about SO millibars (equivalent to an altitude of approximately 20 kilometers on the earth). The results for the index of refraction eliminate the possibility that the visible clouds are composed of pure water or ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85058496; HANSEN, JAMES E. 1; ARKING, ALBERT 1; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York, New York; Issue Info: 2/19/1971, Vol. 171 Issue 3972, p669; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MIHALOV, J. D.
AU  - SONETT, C. P.
AU  - BINSACK, J. H.
AU  - MOUTSOULAS, M. D.
T1  - Possible Fossil Lunar Magnetism Inferred from Satellite Data.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/03/05/
VL  - 171
IS  - 3974
M3  - Article
SP  - 892
EP  - 895
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Magnetization of selected nonmare areas, principally on the moon's far side, is inferred from positive disturbances in the magnitude of the magnetic field exterior to the magnetic signature of the lunar cavity observed in magnetometer data from the lunar orbiter Explorer 35. A less favored model for the field perturbations involves variations in the thickness of the low-conductivity crustal layer of the moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85104393; MIHALOV, J. D. 1; SONETT, C. P. 1; BINSACK, J. H. 2; MOUTSOULAS, M. D. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; 3: Department of Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, England; Issue Info: 3/ 5/1971, Vol. 171 Issue 3974, p892; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SONETT, C. P.
AU  - DYAL, P.
AU  - PARKIN, C. W.
AU  - COLBURN, D. S.
AU  - MIHALOV, J .D.
AU  - SMITH, B. F.
T1  - Whole Body Response of the Moon to Electromagnetic Induction by the Solar Wind.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/04/16/
VL  - 172
IS  - 3980
M3  - Article
SP  - 256
EP  - 258
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A comparison has been made of the initerplanetary magnetic field as measured both by Apollo 12 on the lunar surface and by Explorer 35 in orbit around the moon. Two examples are given, one of a step change in the field vector and another of a sinusoidally varying field. A large response measured on the surface is attributed to confinement of the induced field lines between the streaming solar plasma and the high-conductivity interior. A steep bulk electrical conductivity gradient in the lunar crust is implied, with a confining layer roughly 100 kilometers deep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 87499060; SONETT, C. P. 1; DYAL, P. 1; PARKIN, C. W. 1; COLBURN, D. S. 1; MIHALOV, J .D. 1; SMITH, B. F. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 4/16/1971, Vol. 172 Issue 3980, p256; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - NEWELL, HOMER
T1  - A Matter of Perspective.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/04/23/
VL  - 172
IS  - 3981
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 329
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85104495; NEWELL, HOMER 1; Affiliations: 1: Associate Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: 4/23/1971, Vol. 172 Issue 3981, following p329; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BARNES, AARON
AU  - CASSEN, PATRICK
AU  - MIHALOV, J. D.
AU  - EVIATAR, AHARON
T1  - Permanent Lunar Surface Magnetism and Its Deflection of the Solar Wind.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/05/14/
VL  - 172
IS  - 3984
M3  - Article
SP  - 716
EP  - 718
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Magnetic compressions intermittently observed outside the lunar wake in the solar wind may be limb shocks caused by the presence of local regions of permanent magnetism on the lunar limb. Observable compression would be due to regions of length scale (radius) at least as great as several tens of kilometers and field strength ≳ 10 gammas.. Thousands of such regions might exist on the lunar surface. The steady magnetic field measured at the Apollo 12 site probably has length scale ≲ 10 kilometers and probably does not produce an observable limb shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268343; BARNES, AARON 1; CASSEN, PATRICK 1; MIHALOV, J. D. 1; EVIATAR, AHARON 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Department of Environmental Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel; Issue Info: 5/14/1971, Vol. 172 Issue 3984, p716; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GREELEY, RONALD
T1  - Lunar Hadley Rille: Considerations of Its Origin.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/05/14/
VL  - 172
IS  - 3984
M3  - Article
SP  - 722
EP  - 725
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Geomorphology, topographic configuration, comparisons with terrestrial analogs, and considerations of the chemical and physical characteristics of mare lavas indicate that the Hadley Rille is a lava channel. Some of the structure was roofed to form a lava tube, parts of which have subsequently collapsed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268345; GREELEY, RONALD 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, Ames Research Ceniter, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mogfett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 5/14/1971, Vol. 172 Issue 3984, p722; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conrad, Herbert M.
AU  - Yokoyama, K.
T1  - Epinastic Thresholds in a Simulated Hypogravity Environment.
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1971/06//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 426
EP  - 430
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00319317
AB  - The morphological changes of several grasses, dicotyledons and thallial plants to decreasing increments of gravity from the normal 1 <em>g</em> to 0 <em>g</em> were determined. The various levels of simulated hypogravity were obtained by regulation of the angles of the rotating clinostats. Reaction to simulated hypogravity is evidenced by leaf, petiole, stem and coleoptile epinasty, root hyponasty in the leafy plants and cereal seedlings and increased lobulation in gametophytes. Threshold response for the gametophyte, marigold, bean and pepper plants was approximately 0.67 × <em>g</em> while that for the wheat, corn and oat seedlings was 0.17 × <em>g</em>. The intensity of the epinastic response was found to be inversely related to the gravitational force. With leafy plants, significant responses to reduced gravity are shown only in the presence of light perhaps influencing their ability to synthesize auxin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - Grasses
KW  - Plant morphology
KW  - Magnoliopsida
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Marigolds
KW  - Auxin
N1  - Accession Number: 13063354; Conrad, Herbert M. 1; Yokoyama, K. 2; Affiliations: 1: RPC Corporation, El Segundo, California 90245.; 2: Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California 94035.; Issue Info: 1971, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p426; Thesaurus Term: Grasses; Thesaurus Term: Plant morphology; Thesaurus Term: Magnoliopsida; Subject Term: Gravity; Subject Term: Marigolds; Subject Term: Auxin; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111940 Hay Farming; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1399-3054.ep13063354
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - RASOOL, S. I.
AU  - SCHNEIDER, S. H.
T1  - Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Aerosols: Effects of Large Increases on Global Climate.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/07/09/
VL  - 173
IS  - 3992
M3  - Article
SP  - 138
EP  - 141
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Effects on the global temperature of large increases in carbon dioxide and aerosol densities in the atmosphere of Earth have been computed. It is found that, although the addition of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere does increase the surface temperature, the rate of temperature increase diminishes with increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. For aerosols, however, the net effect of increase in density is to reduce the surface temperature of Earth. Because of the exponential dependence of the backscattering, the rate of temperature decrease is augmented with increasing aerosol content. An increase by only a factor of 4 in global aerosol background concentration may be sufficient to reduce the surface temperature by as much as 3.5°K. If sustained over a period of several years, such a temperature decrease over the whole globe is believed to be sufficient to trigger an ice age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85159784; RASOOL, S. I. 1; SCHNEIDER, S. H. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Space Studies, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York 10025; Issue Info: 7/ 9/1971, Vol. 173 Issue 3992, p138; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - PERING, KATHERINE L.
AU  - PONNAMPERUMA, CYRIL
T1  - Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Murchison Meteorite.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/07/16/
VL  - 173
IS  - 3993
M3  - Article
SP  - 237
EP  - 239
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in the Murchison meteorite have been identified by the combined techniques of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The distribution of the aromatic compounds suggests that they are the products of a high-temperature synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 87600029; PERING, KATHERINE L. 1; PONNAMPERUMA, CYRIL 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 7/16/1971, Vol. 173 Issue 3993, p237; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LAWLESS, JAMES G.
AU  - KVENVOLDEN, KEITH A.
AU  - PETERSON, ETTA
AU  - PONNAMPERUMA, CYRIL
AU  - MOORE, CARLETON
T1  - Amino Acids Indigenous to the Murray Meteorite.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/08/13/
VL  - 173
IS  - 3997
M3  - Article
SP  - 626
EP  - 627
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Analysis of the Murray meteorite, a type 11 carbonaceous chondrite, has led to the identification of 17 amino acids. For seven of the amino acids nearly equal amounts of the D and L isomers are present, and 11 of the amino acids are not found in protein. These results suggest that these amino acids, like the amino acids of the Murchison meteorite, are extraterrestrial in origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85437418; LAWLESS, JAMES G. 1; KVENVOLDEN, KEITH A. 1; PETERSON, ETTA 1; PONNAMPERUMA, CYRIL 1; MOORE, CARLETON 2; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moflett Field, California 94035; 2: Center, Meteorite Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe 85281; Issue Info: 8/13/1971, Vol. 173 Issue 3997, p626; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brockman, Paul R.
T1  - From the Professional Stream: CURRENTS and SOUNDINGS.
JO  - Public Administration Review
JF  - Public Administration Review
Y1  - 1971/09//Sep/Oct71
VL  - 31
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 571
EP  - 576
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00333352
AB  - Vocational interests and emphases of the young in any generation must be viewed in terms of the historical situation in which they find themselves. Two principal shaping features are, generally prevailing economic conditions and the experiences of the preceding generation. One lives at a time when the creation and design of jobs and employment opportunities to challenge the young people is an urgent concern. The author suggests some approach as the minimum necessary for the effective "first employment" of professionally qualified young people in corporations and government agencies. There should be a fairly comprehensive, low-key briefing for each candidate, candidly covering objectives and modus operandi of as many of the parts of the total organization as many be of interest to him, before he is offered a job. The first work assignment should be jointly planned by the new or prospective employee and the firm or agency, both as to the general area and at least some of the initial specific, day-to-day work assignments, before the individual is placed.
KW  - PUBLIC administration
KW  - VOCATIONAL guidance
KW  - VOCATIONAL interests
KW  - ECONOMIC history
KW  - JOB vacancies
KW  - OCCUPATIONS
KW  - GOVERNMENT agencies
KW  - EMPLOYEES
KW  - YOUNG adults -- Employment
KW  - YOUTH
KW  - UNITED States. General Accounting Office
N1  - Accession Number: 4597395; Brockman, Paul R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Management Analyst Office of Management Development National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: Sep/Oct71, Vol. 31 Issue 5, p571; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC administration; Thesaurus Term: VOCATIONAL guidance; Thesaurus Term: VOCATIONAL interests; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC history; Thesaurus Term: JOB vacancies; Thesaurus Term: OCCUPATIONS; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT agencies; Thesaurus Term: EMPLOYEES; Subject Term: YOUNG adults -- Employment; Subject Term: YOUTH ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. General Accounting Office; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maran, Stephen P.
T1  - THE GUM NEBULA.
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 1971/12//
VL  - 225
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 29
SN  - 00368733
AB  - Presents a study by Stephen P. Maran which examined the controversies in the origin of gum nebula.  Background of the discovery of gum nebula in 1938; Efforts of U.S. astrophysicists to identify the physical characteristics of the nebula; Results of the assessment of the distance of gum nebula from the Earth.
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Nebulae
KW  - Astrophysics
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 20776028; Maran, Stephen P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Head, Advanced Systems and Ground Observation Branch, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Dec1971, Vol. 225 Issue 6, p20; Thesaurus Term: Astronomy; Thesaurus Term: Physical sciences; Subject Term: Nebulae; Subject Term: Astrophysics; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - NANCE, RICHARD L.
T1  - Gravity Measured at the Apollo 14 Lading Site.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/12/03/
VL  - 174
IS  - 4013
M3  - Article
SP  - 1022
EP  - 1023
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The gravity at the Apollo 14 landing site has been determined from the accelerometer data that were telemetered from the lunar module. The values for the lunar gravity measured at the Apollo 11, 12, and 14 sites were reduced to a common elevation and were then :ompared between sites. A theoretical gravity, based on the assumption of a spherical moon, was computed for each landing site and compared with the observed value. The observed gravity was also used to compute the lunar radius at each landing site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85116605; NANCE, RICHARD L. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas 77058; Issue Info: 12/ 3/1971, Vol. 174 Issue 4013, p1022; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KUHN, P. M.
AU  - LOJKO, M. S.
AU  - PETERSEN, E. V.
T1  - Water Vapor: Stratospheric Injection by Thunderstorms.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1971/12/24/
VL  - 174
IS  - 4016
M3  - Article
SP  - 1319
EP  - 1321
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Infrared radiometric inference measurements of the mass of water vapor injected into the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere by a number of plains thunderstorms show an average threefold increase over the fair weather background mass of water vapor. These airborne measurements, made from the National Aeronautics and Space Admninistration Convair 990 jet laboratory, extended over a sample size much larger than that possible by balloon and other techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85159863; KUHN, P. M. 1; LOJKO, M. S. 1; PETERSEN, E. V. 2; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Research Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado; 2: Airborne Science Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 12/24/1971, Vol. 174 Issue 4016, p1319; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa work unit system file maintenance manual
JO  - Nasa-tm-x-2608. 1972 August. Nasa, Washington. 51 P. Ntis: N72-28987; Hc $3.00, Mf $0.95. See Isa 74-3022/s
JF  - Nasa-tm-x-2608. 1972 August. Nasa, Washington. 51 P. Ntis: N72-28987; Hc $3.00, Mf $0.95. See Isa 74-3022/s
Y1  - 1972///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The nasa work unit system is a management information system for research tasks (i.e., work units) performed under nasa grants and contracts. It supplies profiles on research efforts and statistics on fund distribution. The file maintenance operator can add, delete and change records at a remote terminal or can submit punched cards to the computer room for batch update. The system is designed for file maintenance by a person with little or no knowledge of data processing techniques
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0902742; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1972; Note: Update Code: 0900; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa work unit system users manual
JO  - Nasa-tm-x-2609. 1972 August. Nasa, Washington. 62 P. Ntis: N72-28988; Hc $3.00, Mf $0.95. See Isa 74-3021/s
JF  - Nasa-tm-x-2609. 1972 August. Nasa, Washington. 62 P. Ntis: N72-28988; Hc $3.00, Mf $0.95. See Isa 74-3021/s
Y1  - 1972///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The nasa work unit system is a management information system for research tasks (i.e., work units) performed under nasa grants and contracts it suplies profiles to indicate how much effort is being expended, and how funds what types of research, where the effort is being expended, and how funds are being distributed. The user obtains information by entering requests on the keyboard of a time-sharing terminal. Responses are recieved as video displays or typed messages at the terminal, or as lists printed in the computer room for subsequent delivery by messenger.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0902743; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1972; Note: Update Code: 0900; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGregor, Eugene B.
AU  - Baker, Richard F.
T1  - GREMEX--A Management Game For the New Public Administration.
JO  - Public Administration Review
JF  - Public Administration Review
Y1  - 1972/01//Jan/Feb72
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00333352
AB  - This article represents a critique of a new, sophisticated management game of potential relevance to public administration not only from the perspective of training managers in a research and development environment, but from the standpoint of educating new managers, whether public or private, who face the same kinds of administrative problems as R and D project managers in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It is the thesis here that the potential application of GREMEX--Goddard Research and Engineering Management Exercise--extends beyond the confines of its originating agency, NASA, and can be utilized to improve the "art" of public administration. UPY This is a critique of a new management game being used in the federal government--Goddard Research Engineering Management Exercise (GREMEX). The exercise involves teams of players who act as managers of a research and development project--the orbiting optical observatory--of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. During this exercise a computer and the referee-instructor together provide the realistic environment within which the team participants make their decisions affecting the course of the project. The article discusses the place of GREMEX in a tradition of games and simulations, and notes the similarities and differences between GREMEX and other management games currently in use for business training. Some of the actual decisions being made by the GREMEX teams are described to illustrate the nature of the exercise. Finally, GREMEX is evaluated in terms of its particular relevance to public administration and the research and teaching possibilities which derive from such a management game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Public Administration Review is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANAGEMENT games
KW  - PUBLIC administration
KW  - EXECUTIVES -- Training of
KW  - INDUSTRIAL management
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - RESEARCH & development
KW  - EXECUTIVES
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 5666170; McGregor, Eugene B. 1; Baker, Richard F. 2; Affiliations: 1: Community College of Rhode Island, Newport; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Jan/Feb72, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p24; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT games; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC administration; Thesaurus Term: EXECUTIVES -- Training of; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL management; Thesaurus Term: DECISION making; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH & development; Thesaurus Term: EXECUTIVES; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611430 Professional and Management Development Training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Computer programs: information retrieval and data analysis, a compilation
JO  - Technology Utilization. Nasa-sp-5955(01). 1972. Nasa, Washington. 18 P. Ntis: N73-18204; Hc $1.00, Mf $1.95
JF  - Technology Utilization. Nasa-sp-5955(01). 1972. Nasa, Washington. 18 P. Ntis: N73-18204; Hc $1.00, Mf $1.95
Y1  - 1972///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The items presented in this compilation are divided into two sections. Section one treats of computer usage devoted to the retrieval of information that affords the user rapid entry into voluminous collections of data on a selective basis. Section two is a more generalized collection computer options for the user who needs to take such data and reduce it to an analytical study within a spceific discipline. These programs, routines, and subroutines should prove useful to users who do not have access to more sophisticated and expensive computer software.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0900713; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1972; Note: Update Code: 0900; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHARLSON, R. J.
AU  - HARRISON, HALSTEAD
AU  - WITT, GEORG
AU  - RASOOL, S. I.
AU  - SCHNEIDER, S. H.
T1  - Aerosol Concentrations: Effect on Planetary Temperatures.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/01/07/
VL  - 175
IS  - 4017
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 96
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85159927; CHARLSON, R. J. 1; HARRISON, HALSTEAD 2; WITT, GEORG 3; RASOOL, S. I. 4; SCHNEIDER, S. H. 4; Affiliations: 1: Departments of Geophysics and Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle 98195; 2: Department of Geophysics, University of Washington; 3: Meteorological Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 4: Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, New York 10025; Issue Info: 1/ 7/1972, Vol. 175 Issue 4017, p95; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SJOGREN, W. L.
AU  - GOTTLIEB, P.
AU  - MULLER, P. M.
AU  - WOLLENHAUPT, W.
T1  - Lunar Gravity via Apollo 14 Doppler Radio Tracking.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/01/14/
VL  - 175
IS  - 4018
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 168
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Gravity measurements at high resolution were obtained over a 100- kilometer band from + 70° to - 70° of longitude during the orbits of low periapsis altitude (approximately 16 kilometers). The line-of-sight accelerations are plotted on Aeronautical Chart and Information Center mercator charts (scale I :1,000,000) as contours at 10-milligal intervals. Direct correlations between gravity variations and surface features are easily determined. Theophilus, Hipparchus, and Ptolemaeus are negative features, whereas Mare Nectaris is a large positive region. The acceleration profiles over Mare Nectaris are suggestive of a broad disk near the surface rather than a deeply buried spherical body. These data are in good agreement with the short arc of Apollo 12 lunar module descent data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 87423318; SJOGREN, W. L. 1; GOTTLIEB, P. 1; MULLER, P. M. 1; WOLLENHAUPT, W. 2; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 2: Manned Spacecraft Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas 77058; Issue Info: 1/14/1972, Vol. 175 Issue 4018, p165; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - STEINBACHER, R. H.
AU  - KLIORE, A.
AU  - LORELL, J.
AU  - HIPSHER, H.
AU  - BARTH, C. A.
AU  - MASURSKY, H.
AU  - MÜNCH, G.
AU  - PEARL, J.
AU  - SMITH, B.
T1  - Mariner 9 Science Experiments: Preliminary Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/01/21/
VL  - 175
IS  - 4019
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 294
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 87615468; STEINBACHER, R. H. 1; KLIORE, A. 1; LORELL, J. 1; HIPSHER, H. 2; BARTH, C. A. 3; MASURSKY, H. 4; MÜNCH, G. 5; PEARL, J. 6; SMITH, B. 7; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. 20548; 3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder 80302; 4: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001; 5: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91109; 6: Laboratory for Planetary Atmospheres, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; 7: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88001; Issue Info: 1972, Vol. 175 Issue 4019, p293; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KLIORE, A. J.
AU  - CAIN, D. L.
AU  - FJELDBO, G.
AU  - SEIDEL, B. L.
AU  - RASOOL, S. I.
T1  - Mariner 9 S-Band Martian Occultation Experiment: Initial Results on the Atmosphere and Topography of Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/01/21/
VL  - 175
IS  - 4019
M3  - Article
SP  - 313
EP  - 317
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A preliminary analysis of 15 radio occultation measurements taken on the day side of Mars between 40°S and 33°S has revealed that the temperature in the lower 15 to 20 kilometers of the atmosphere of Mars is essentially isothermal and warmer than expected. This result, which is also confirmed by the increased altitude of the ionization peak of the ionosphere, can possibly be caused by the absorption of solar radiation by fine particles of dust suspended in the lower atmosphere. The measurements also revealed elevation differences of 13 kilometers and a range of surface pressures between 2.9 and 8.3 millibars. The floor of the classical bright area of Hellas was found to be about 6 kilometers below its western rim and 4 kilometers below the mean radius of Mars at that latitude. The region between Mare Sirenum and Solis Lacus was found to be relatively high, lying 5 to 8 kilometers above the mean radius. The maximum electron density in the ionosphere (about 1.5 × 105 electrons per cubic centimeter), which was found to be remarkably constant, was somewhat lower than that observed in 1969 but higher than that observed in 1965. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 87615473; KLIORE, A. J. 1; CAIN, D. L. 1; FJELDBO, G. 1; SEIDEL, B. L. 1; RASOOL, S. I. 2; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: 1972, Vol. 175 Issue 4019, p313; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WEETE, JoHN D.
AU  - WALKINSHAW, CHARLES H.
AU  - LASETER, JoHN L.
T1  - Apollo 12 Lunar Material: Effects on Lipid Levels of Tobacco Tissue Cultures.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/02/11/
VL  - 175
IS  - 4022
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 624
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Tobacco tissue cultures grown in contact with lunar material from Apollo 12, for a 12-week period, resulted in fluctuations of both the relative and absolute concentrations of endogenous sterols and fatty acids. The experimental tissues contained higher concentrations of sterols than the controls did. The ratio of campesterol to stigmasterol was greater than I in control tissues, but less than 1 in the experimental tissues after 3 weeks. High relative concentrations (17.1 to 22.2 percent) of an unidentified compound or compounds were found only in control tissues that were 3 to 9 weeks of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85116772; WEETE, JoHN D. 1; WALKINSHAW, CHARLES H. 2; LASETER, JoHN L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Lunar Science Institute, Houston, Texas 77058; 2: Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Lunar Receiving Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas 77058; 3: Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, New Orleans 70122; Issue Info: 2/11/1972, Vol. 175 Issue 4022, p623; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Is the Contingent Negative Variation Contingent on a Motor Response.
AU  - Donchin, Eusnuel
AU  - Gerbrant, Lauren A.
AU  - Leifer, Larry
AU  - Tucker, Ledyard
JO  - Psychophysiology
JF  - Psychophysiology
Y1  - 1972/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
SP  - 178
EP  - 188
SN  - 00485772
N1  - Accession Number: 11057168; Author: Donchin, Eusnuel: 1 Author: Gerbrant, Lauren A.: 2 Author: Leifer, Larry: 3 Author: Tucker, Ledyard: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 University of  Illinois, Champaign.: 2 Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto: 3 NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field.; No. of Pages: 11; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20040105
N2  - Ten subjects participated in an experiment in which each was presented with series of paired stimuli separated by 1000 msec. The first stimulus was a click. The second stimulus was either of two visual patterns, concentric circles or a star figure. Figure selection on each trial was determined by a random procedure. There were four experimental conditions: 1) Subjects pressed a switch following the presentation of either figure. 2) Subjects pressed a switch following the presentation of the star only. 3) Subjects guessed prior to the clicks, which figure would appear as $2; no overt motor response was required. 4) Subjects had to add 7 to a cumulative sum following a star, and subtract 7 following the circles; no overt motor response was required. Using data obtained from a vertex to linked ear derivation we conclude that the CNV is not contingent on a motor response to S2. The electrical potentials recorded following S2, and in particular the positivegoing "resolution" of the CNV seemed to vary systematically with the experimental eonditious. An application of Tueker's three-mode factor analysis to this CNV is reported. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *MUSCULOSKELETAL system
KW  - SLOW potentials (Electrophysiology)
KW  - FACTOR analysis
KW  - Contingent Negative Variation
KW  - Expectancy
KW  - Factor analysis. (E. Donehln)
KW  - Motor potential
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - OEHLER, DOROTHY Z.
AU  - SCHOPF, J. WILLIAM
AU  - KVENVOLDEN, KEITH A.
T1  - Carbon Isotopic Studies of Organic Matter in Precambrian Rocks.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/03/17/
VL  - 175
IS  - 4027
M3  - Article
SP  - 1246
EP  - 1248
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Reduced carbon in early Precambrian cherts of the Fig Tree and upper and middle Onverwacht groups of South Africa is isotopically similar (the average value of δ13CPDB is -28.7 per mil) to photosynthetically produced organic matter of younger geological age. Reduced carbon in lower Onverwacht cherts (Theespruit formation) is anomalously heavy (the average value of δ13CPDB is -16.5 per mil). This discontinuity may reflect a major event in biological evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85198741; OEHLER, DOROTHY Z. 1; SCHOPF, J. WILLIAM 1; KVENVOLDEN, KEITH A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology, University of California, Los Angeles 90024; 2: Exobiology Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 3/17/1972, Vol. 175 Issue 4027, p1246; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - BADER, MICHAEL
T1  - Space Shuffle Costs.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/06/30/
VL  - 176
IS  - 4042
M3  - Article
SP  - 1375
EP  - 1375
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85158068; BADER, MICHAEL 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 6/30/1972, Vol. 176 Issue 4042, p1375; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KERRIDGE, JOHN F.
AU  - VEDDER, JAMES F.
T1  - Accretionary Processes in the Early Solar System: An Experimental Approach.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/07/14/
VL  - 177
IS  - 4044
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 163
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Micrometer-size silicate flakes do not accrete during impacts in the velocity range 1.5 to 9.5 kilometers per second. Conventional accretionary theories for silicate bodies are applicable only to particles whose orbits are similar. Metalsilicate fractionation in the solar system may have been affected by differences in the accretionary behavior of the metal and silicate particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85158162; KERRIDGE, JOHN F. 1; VEDDER, JAMES F. 1; Affiliations: 1: Planetology Branch, Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Amnes Research Center, MoJyett Field, Califoriia, 94035; Issue Info: 7/14/1972, Vol. 177 Issue 4044, p161; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SONETT, CHARLES P.
AU  - FAHLESON, ULF
AU  - ALFVÉN, HANNES
T1  - Electrodynamic Sailing: Beating into the Solar Wind.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1972/12/08/
VL  - 178
IS  - 4065
M3  - Article
SP  - 1115
EP  - 1119
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85138725; SONETT, CHARLES P. 1; FAHLESON, ULF 2; ALFVÉN, HANNES 2,3; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Department of Plasma Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; 3: Department of Applied Physics and Information Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92037; Issue Info: 12/ 8/1972, Vol. 178 Issue 4065, p1115; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Us, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Technology Utilization Office.
T1  - Technology utilization program report
JO  - Nasa-sp-5119. 1973 December. Technology Utilization Office, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 62 P. Ntis: Nasa-sp-5119; Hc $4.00. Discussed In Arist 1975 (isa 75-3902)
JF  - Nasa-sp-5119. 1973 December. Technology Utilization Office, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 62 P. Ntis: Nasa-sp-5119; Hc $4.00. Discussed In Arist 1975 (isa 75-3902)
Y1  - 1973///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The application of aerospace technology to the solution of public health and industrial problems is reported. Data cover: 1) utilization of an externally rechargeable cardiac pacemaker; 2) utilization of ferrofluids-colloidal suspensions of ferrite particles-in the efficient separation of nonferrous metals as ni, zn, cu, and al from shredded automobile scrap; and 3) development of a breathing system for fire fighters.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1003546; Us, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Technology Utilization Office.; Source Info: 1973; Note: Update Code: 1000; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PRINZ, MARTIN
AU  - DOWTY, ERIC
AU  - KEIL, KLAUS
AU  - BUNCH, T. E.
T1  - Spinel Troctolite and Anorthosite in Apollo 16 Samples.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1973/01/05/
VL  - 179
IS  - 4068
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 76
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A spinel troctolite and an anorthosite from the Apollo 16 landing site represent contrasting types of "primitive" lunar cumulates. The two rock types probably formed from the same parent magma type, a high-alumina magnesian basalt, with the troctolite forming earlier by crystal settling, and the anorthosite later, possibly by flotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 87546842; PRINZ, MARTIN 1; DOWTY, ERIC 1; KEIL, KLAUS 1; BUNCH, T. E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology and Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque 87106; 2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 1/5/1973, Vol. 179 Issue 4068, p74; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOLLAHAN, JOHN R.
AU  - WYDEVEN, THEODORE
T1  - Synthesis of Reverse Osmosis Membranes by Plasma Polymerization of Allylamine.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1973/02/02/
VL  - 179
IS  - 4072
M3  - Article
SP  - 500
EP  - 501
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The polymerization of allylamine in a radio-frequency electrodeless plasma to form thin polymer films on microporous filter media provides very effective dry composite membranes for reverse osmosis. Salt and urea rejections as high as 98 percent and 46 percent, respectively, have been achieved from a solution containing 10 grams of sodium chloride per liter and 10 grams of urea per liter. The plasma conditions and polymerization technique are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85135934; HOLLAHAN, JOHN R. 1; WYDEVEN, THEODORE 1; Affiliations: 1: Biotechnology Division, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 2/ 2/1973, Vol. 179 Issue 4072, p500; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinberg, Robert
T1  - Role of Commercial Aircraft in Global Monitoring Systems.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1973/04/27/
VL  - 180
IS  - 4084
M3  - Article
SP  - 375
EP  - 380
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85158506; Steinberg, Robert 1; Affiliations: 1: Staff Member, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135; Issue Info: 4/27/1973, Vol. 180 Issue 4084, p375; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Canavos, George C.
AU  - Tsokos, Chris P.
T1  - Bayesian Estimation of Life Parameters in the Weibull Distribution.
JO  - Operations Research
JF  - Operations Research
Y1  - 1973/05//May/Jun73
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 755
EP  - 763
PB  - INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research
SN  - 0030364X
AB  - This paper develops a Bayesian analysis of the scale and shape parameters in the Weibull distribution and the corresponding reliability function with respect to the usual life-testing procedures. For the scale parameter θ, Bayesian estimates of θ and reliability are obtained for the uniform, exponential, and inverted gamma prior probability densities. BHATTACHARYA'S results [J. Am. Stat. Assn. 62, 48–62(1967)] for the one-parameter exponential life-testing distribution are reduced to a special case of these rewards. The paper develops a fully Bayesian analysis of both the scale .and shape parameters θ and ξ by independent prior distributions; since in the latter case, analytical tractability is not possible, Bayesian estimates are obtained through a conjunction of a Monte Carlo simulation and numerical-integration techniques. In both cases, the paper carries out a computer simulation and makes a comparison between the Bayesian and the corresponding minimum-variance unbiased, or maximum likelihood, estimates. As expected, the Bayesian estimates are superior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Operations Research is the property of INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 8604617; Canavos, George C. 1; Tsokos, Chris P. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; Issue Info: May/Jun73, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p755; Thesaurus Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Thesaurus Term: PROBABILITY theory; Thesaurus Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MILLARD, JOHN P.
AU  - ARVESEN, JOHN C.
T1  - POlarization: A Key to an Airbone Optica System for the Detection of Oil on Water.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1973/06/15/
VL  - 180
IS  - 4091
M3  - Article
SP  - 1170
EP  - 1171
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Skylight polarization, which varies with the position of the sun in the sky, influences the contrast of oil on water. Good contrast is most consistently obtained by viewing in azimuth directions toward or away from the sun. Contrast is enzhanced by imaging selected polarization components and by taking the difference between orthogonal polarization components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85158601; MILLARD, JOHN P. 1; ARVESEN, JOHN C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science and Applications Branch, Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 6/15/1973, Vol. 180 Issue 4091, p1170; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Collins Jr., Rufus D.
AU  - Case, Kenneth E.
AU  - Bennett, G. Kemble
T1  - The effects of inspection error in single sampling inspection plans.
JO  - International Journal of Production Research
JF  - International Journal of Production Research
Y1  - 1973/07//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 289
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00207543
AB  - Acceptance sampling plans are designed under the assumption of perfect inspection. However, inspection tasks are not, even under ideal inspection conditions, free of error. In this paper we consider the effects of inspection error on probability of acceptance, average outgoing quality, and average total inspection. These measures are examined under both replacement and non-replacement assumptions. Also, a method is presented whereby an acceptance sampling plan may be designed which explicitly considers inspection error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Production Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WORK sampling
KW  - ACCEPTANCE sampling
KW  - ENGINEERING inspection
KW  - QUALITY control
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - FACTORY inspection
KW  - HYPOTHESIS
N1  - Accession Number: 5551374; Collins Jr., Rufus D. 1; Case, Kenneth E. 2; Bennett, G. Kemble 2; Affiliations: 1: Systems Verification Engineer, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hunstville, Alabama, U.S.A..; 2: Department of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, U.S.A..; Issue Info: Jul1973, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p289; Thesaurus Term: WORK sampling; Thesaurus Term: ACCEPTANCE sampling; Thesaurus Term: ENGINEERING inspection; Thesaurus Term: QUALITY control; Thesaurus Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: FACTORY inspection; Subject Term: HYPOTHESIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926150 Regulation, Licensing, and Inspection of Miscellaneous Commercial Sectors; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HANEGAN, JAMES L.
AU  - WILLIAMS, BILL A.
T1  - Brain Calcium: Role in Temperature Regulation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1973/08/17/
VL  - 181
IS  - 4100
M3  - Article
SP  - 663
EP  - 664
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Perfusion of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus with excess calcium ion in ground squirrels produces a drop in core temperature. The magnitude of the drop is directly dependent on ambient temperature. Respiration, heart rate, and oxygen consumption are also reduced during perfusion of calcium ion. It is concluded that the depression of body temperature during calcium ion perfusion is due to generalized depression of the neurons of the preoptic-anterior hypothalamus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85363063; HANEGAN, JAMES L. 1; WILLIAMS, BILL A. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 8/17/1973, Vol. 181 Issue 4100, p663; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Janet W.
AU  - Tsokos, Chris P.
T1  - The Asymptotic Distribution of Maxima in Bivariate Samples.
JO  - Journal of the American Statistical Association
JF  - Journal of the American Statistical Association
Y1  - 1973/09//
VL  - 68
IS  - 343
M3  - Article
SP  - 734
SN  - 01621459
AB  - This article investigates the joint distribution, as n arrow right infinity, of the maxima in a sample of n independent observations of a bivariate random variable (X,Y). A method is presented for deriving the asymptotic distribution of the maxima provided that (1) X and Y possess asymptotic extreme-value distributions and (2) the probability element dF(x,y) has a canonical series expansion. Applied to the bivariate normal distribution, this method confirms the known fact that correlated normal maxima are asymptotically uncorrelated. Applied to the bivariate gamma and compound correlated bivariate Poisson distributions, the method establishes that maxima from these distributions are also asymptotically uncorrelated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Statistical Association is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - RANDOM variables
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC distribution (Probability theory)
KW  - MAXIMAL functions
KW  - MAXIMA & minima
KW  - POISSON distribution
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 4607333; Campbell, Janet W. 1; Tsokos, Chris P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Aerospace Engineer, Space Systems Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va. 23665.; 2: Professor of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida. Tampa, Fla. 33602.; Issue Info: Sep73, Vol. 68 Issue 343, p734; Thesaurus Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Thesaurus Term: RANDOM variables; Thesaurus Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC distribution (Probability theory); Subject Term: MAXIMAL functions; Subject Term: MAXIMA & minima; Subject Term: POISSON distribution; Subject Term: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CURRAN, ROBERT J.
AU  - CONRATH, BARNEY J.
AU  - HANEL, RUDOLF A.
AU  - KUNDE, VIRGIL G.
AU  - PEARL, JOHN C.
T1  - Mars: Mariner 9 Spectroscopic Evidence for H2O Ice Clouds.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1973/10/26/
VL  - 182
IS  - 4110
M3  - Article
SP  - 381
EP  - 383
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Spectral features observed with the Mariner 9 interferometer spectrometer are identified as those of H2O ice. The measured spectra are compared with theoretical calculations for the transfer of radiation through clouds of ice particles with variations in size distribution and integrated cloud mass. Comparisons with an observed spectrum from the Tharsis Ridge region indicate H20 ice clouds composed of particles with a mean radius of 2.0 micrometers and an integrated cloud mass of 5 X 10-5 gram per square centimeter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85178732; CURRAN, ROBERT J. 1; CONRATH, BARNEY J. 1; HANEL, RUDOLF A. 1; KUNDE, VIRGIL G. 1; PEARL, JOHN C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: 10/26/1973, Vol. 182 Issue 4110, p381; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mark, Hans
T1  - The Scientific Climate in San Francisco.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1973/10/26/
VL  - 182
IS  - 4110
M3  - Article
SP  - 399
EP  - 400
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85178741; Mark, Hans 1; Affiliations: 1: Director of Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mountain View, California; Issue Info: 10/26/1973, Vol. 182 Issue 4110, p399; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 1974-06704-001
AN  - 1974-06704-001
AU  - Daunton, Nancy G.
T1  - Differentiation of bite force response in the rat.
JF  - Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
JO  - Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology
Y1  - 1973/11//
VL  - 85
IS  - 2
SP  - 367
EP  - 372
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0021-9940
N1  - Accession Number: 1974-06704-001. PMID: 4756914 Other Journal Title: Journal of Animal Behavior; Journal of Comparative Psychology; Psychobiology. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Daunton, Nancy G.; National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif. Other Publishers: Henry Holt and Company, Inc.; Williams & Wilkins Company. Release Date: 20060329. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Energy Expenditure; Motor Processes; Operant Conditioning. Minor Descriptor: Rats. Classification: Animal Experimental & Comparative Psychology (2400). Population: Animal (20). References Available: Y. Page Count: 6. Issue Publication Date: Nov, 1973. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 1973. 
AB  - Investigated differentiation of the bite force response by training 9 male rats to obtain water reinforcement by emitting bites with peak forces within 4 different bands of forces 500-gm wide. All Ss learned to bite with peak forces within each of the required bands, although the average maximum percentage of correct bites/session was only approximately 70%. Data are compared with those from studies of differentiation of the paw-press force response, and it is concluded that the differentiation process is similar in the 2 dissimilar response systems. Because of the generality of differentiation findings across motor systems, it is suggested that methods and results from studies of response differentiation might be used to increase the understanding of motor system function. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
KW  - training to obtain water reinforcement by emitting bites with peak forces under band criteria
KW  - differentiation of bite force response
KW  - rats
KW  - 1973
KW  - Energy Expenditure
KW  - Motor Processes
KW  - Operant Conditioning
KW  - Rats
DO  - 10.1037/h0035031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haines, Richard F.
AU  - Gilliland, Kirby
T1  - RESPONSE TIME IN THE FULL VISUAL FIELD.
JO  - Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - Journal of Applied Psychology
Y1  - 1973/12//
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 289
EP  - 295
SN  - 00219010
AB  - Seven male volunteers were administered a binocular peripheral visual response time task to determine response time to small (45' arc), white, flashed, photopic stimuli. These stimuli were located 10° arc apart from 10° arc to 90° arc from the fovea along each of eight retinal meridians, each 45° arc apart around the 360°. Testing occurred approximately every fourth day throughout a three-month-long bedrest investigation. The results showed that the retina possesses relatively concentric regions almost twice as wide as high within each of which mean response time can be expected to be of equal duration. These findings are related to previous response time research. Two examples are given of how these data may be applied to the design of an aircraft instrument panel and cockpit window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - REACTION time
KW  - VISUAL fields
KW  - PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 12361386; Haines, Richard F. 1; Gilliland, Kirby 2; Affiliations: 1: Neurosciences Branch Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California.; 2: California State University, San Jose.; Issue Info: Dec73, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p289; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: REACTION time; Subject Term: VISUAL fields; Subject Term: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - STAELIN, D. H.
AU  - BARRETT, A. H.
AU  - WATERS, J. W.
AU  - BARATH, F. T.
AU  - JOHNSTON, E. J.
AU  - ROSENKRANZ, P. W.
AU  - GAUT, N. E.
AU  - LENOIR, W. B.
T1  - Microwave Spectrometer on the Nimbus 5 Satellite: Meteorological and Geophysical Data.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1973/12/28/
VL  - 182
IS  - 4119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1339
EP  - 1341
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Nimbus 5 microwave spectromneter has been used to measure thermal radiation in five frequency bands between 22.235 and 58.8 gigahertz, and has yielded both the temperature profile and, over ocean, the vapor and liquid water content of the terrestrial atmosphere, even in overcast conditions. Information has also been obtained on geophysical parameters that affect the surface emissivity, such as ice type, sea roughness, and snow cover. The experiment demonstrates the considerable potential of passive microwave sensing of meteorological and geophysical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85178928; STAELIN, D. H. 1; BARRETT, A. H. 1; WATERS, J. W. 1; BARATH, F. T. 2; JOHNSTON, E. J. 2; ROSENKRANZ, P. W. 2; GAUT, N. E. 3; LENOIR, W. B. 4; Affiliations: 1: Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; 3: Environmtental Research and Technology, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts 02173; 4: Johnson Spacecraft Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas 77058; Issue Info: 12/28/1973, Vol. 182 Issue 4119, p1339; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Technology utilization program report
JO  - Nasa-sp-5119. 1974. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 78 P. Ntis: N74-21604; Hc $4.00
JF  - Nasa-sp-5119. 1974. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 78 P. Ntis: N74-21604; Hc $4.00
Y1  - 1974///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The application of aerospace technology to the solution of public health and industrial problems is reported. Data cover: 1) development of an externally rechargeable cardiac pacemaker, 2) utilization of ferrofluids (colloidal suspensions of ferrite particles) in the efficient separation of nonferrous metals as ni, zn, cu, and al from shredded automobile scrap, and 3) development of a breathing system for fire fighters.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1202609; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1974; Note: Update Code: 1200; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Us, National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Pattern recognition algorithm using temporal data
JO  - Nasa-tm-x-72175, Jsc-fm84-(74-143). 1974 May 20. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Nasa, Houston, Texas. 4 P. Ntis: N75-15331; Hc $3.25, Mf $2.25
JF  - Nasa-tm-x-72175, Jsc-fm84-(74-143). 1974 May 20. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Nasa, Houston, Texas. 4 P. Ntis: N75-15331; Hc $3.25, Mf $2.25
Y1  - 1974///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The value of a previously classified image is discussed with the use of spectral and temporal information. A probability theory is presented of a signal x, belonging to class pi sub i.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1102396; Us, National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1974; Note: Update Code: 1100; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Graphic arts techniques and equipment: a compilation
JO  - Technology Utilization. Nasa-sp-5919(02). 1974. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 28 P. Ntis: N74-29308; Hc $1.00
JF  - Technology Utilization. Nasa-sp-5919(02). 1974. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 28 P. Ntis: N74-29308; Hc $1.00
Y1  - 1974///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Technology utilization of nasa sponsored projects involving graphic arts techniques and equipment is discussed. The subjects considered are: 1) modification to graphics tools, 2) new graphics tools, 3) visual aids for graphics, and 4) graphic arts shop hints. Photographs and diagrams are included to support the written materials.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1202608; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1974; Note: Update Code: 1200; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - COLLINS, L. W.
AU  - DOWNS, W. R.
T1  - Variation of Atomic Hydrogen Density in a Propane/Oxygen Flame as a Function of Chamber Pressure.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 1974/01/02/
VL  - 9
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 131
SN  - 00102202
AB  - Atomic hydrogen profiles were determined for a 5.8% propane/94.2% oxygen flame over the pressure range of 10 to 40 torr by utilizing the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy techniques originally developed by Fristrom and Westenberg (1965). These profiles were compared with the predicted theoretical behavior and correlated with temperature profiles obtained over the same pressure range. Two factors affecting the results of the Fristrom-Westenberg experiment were also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 76105426; COLLINS, L. W. 1; DOWNS, W. R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Structures and Mechanics Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, 77058; Issue Info: Jan1974, Vol. 9 Issue 3/4, p129; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102207408960347
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HALL, CHARLES F.
T1  - Pioneer 10.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/01/25/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4122
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 302
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85158811; HALL, CHARLES F. 1; Affiliations: 1: Pioneer Project, NASA Ames Research Center, Moflett Field, Calif. 94035; Issue Info: 1/25/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4122, p301; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Opp, ALBERT G.
T1  - Pioneer 10 Mission: Summary of Scientific Results from the Encounter with Jupiter.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/01/25/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4122
M3  - Article
SP  - 302
EP  - 303
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85158812; Opp, ALBERT G. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. 20546; Issue Info: 1/25/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4122, p302; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WOLFE, JOHN H.
AU  - COLLARD, H. R.
AU  - MIHALOV, J. D.
AU  - INTRILIGATOR, D. S.
T1  - Preliminary Pioneer 10 Encounter Results from the Ames Research Center Plasma Analyzer Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/01/25/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4122
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 305
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Preliminary results from the Ames Research Center plasma analyzer experiment for the Pioneer 10 Jupiter encounter indicate that Jupiter has a detached bow shock and magnetopause similar to the case at Earth but much larger in spatial extent. In contrast to Earth, Jupiter's outer magnetosphere appears to be highly inflated by thermal plasma and therefore highly responsive in size to changes in solar wind dynamic pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85158813; WOLFE, JOHN H. 1; COLLARD, H. R. 1; MIHALOV, J. D. 1; INTRILIGATOR, D. S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Physics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Physics Department, University of Southern California, University Park, Los Angeles 90007; Issue Info: 1/25/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4122, p303; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SMITH, E. J.
AU  - DAVIS JR., L.
AU  - JONES, D. E.
AU  - COLBURN, D. S.
AU  - COLEMAN JR., P. J.
AU  - DYAL, P.
AU  - SONETT, C. P.
T1  - Magnetic Field of Jupiter and Its Interaction with the Solar Wind.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/01/25/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4122
M3  - Article
SP  - 305
EP  - 306
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Jupiter's magnetic field and its interaction with the magnetized solar wind were observed with the Pioneer 10 vector helium magnetometer. The magnetic dipole is directed opposite to that of the earth with a moment of 4.0 gauss RJ3 (RJ, Jupiter radius), and an inclination of 15° lying in a system III meridian of 230°. The dipole is offset about 0.1 RJ north of the equatorial plane and about 0.2 RJ toward longitude 170°. There is severe stretching of the planetary field parallel to the equator throughout the outer magnetosphere, accompanied by a systematic departure from meridian planes. The field configuration implies substantial plasma effects inside the magnetosphere, such as thermal pressure, centrifugal forces, and differential rotation. As at the earth, the outer boundary is thin, not diffuse, and there is a detached bow shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85158814; SMITH, E. J. 1; DAVIS JR., L. 2; JONES, D. E. 3; COLBURN, D. S. 4; COLEMAN JR., P. J. 5; DYAL, P. 6; SONETT, C. P. 7; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; 2: California 1nstitllle of Technology, Pasadena 91109; 3: Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84601; 4: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 5: University of California, Los Angeles 90024; 6: Ames Research Center; 7: University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; Issue Info: 1/25/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4122, p305; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KINARD, W. H.
AU  - O'NEAL, R. L.
AU  - ALVAREZ, J. M.
AU  - HUMES, D. H.
T1  - Interplanetary and Near-Jupiter Meteoroid Environments: Preliminary Results from the Meteoroid Detection Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/01/25/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4122
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 322
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85158823; KINARD, W. H. 1; O'NEAL, R. L. 1; ALVAREZ, J. M. 1; HUMES, D. H. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23365; Issue Info: 1/25/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4122, p321; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RASOOL, ICHTIAQUE
T1  - Cosmology.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/02/08/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4124
M3  - Article
SP  - 504
EP  - 504
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85345010; RASOOL, ICHTIAQUE 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: 2/ 8/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4124, p504; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GREELEY, RONALD
AU  - IVERSEN, JAMES D.
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - UDOVICH, NANCY
AU  - WHITE, BRUCE
T1  - Wind Tunnel Simulations of Light and Dark Streaks on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/03//3/ 1/1974
VL  - 183
IS  - 4127
M3  - Article
SP  - 847
EP  - 849
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Wind tunnel experiments have revealed a characteristic flow field pattern over raised-rim craters which causes distinctive zones of aeolian erosion and deposition. Comparisons of the results with Mariner 9 images of Mars show that some crater-associated dark zones result from wind erosion and that some crater-associated light streaks are depositional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85345142; GREELEY, RONALD 1; IVERSEN, JAMES D. 2; POLLACK, JAMES B. 3; UDOVICH, NANCY 4; WHITE, BRUCE 5; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department, University of Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California 95053; 2: Iowa State University, Ames 50010; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 95035; 4: University of Santa Clara; 5: Iowa State University; Issue Info: 3/ 1/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4127, p847; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PINSKY, L. S.
AU  - OSBORNE, W. Z.
AU  - BAILEY, J. V.
AU  - BENSON, R. E.
AU  - THOMPSON, L. F.
T1  - Light Flashes Observed by Astronauts on Apollo 11 through Apollo 17.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/03/08/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4128
M3  - Article
SP  - 957
EP  - 959
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The crew members on the last seven Apollo flights observed light flashes that are tentatively attributed to cosmic ray nuclei (atomic number ' 6) penetrating the head and eyes of the observers. Analyses of the event rates for all missions has revealed an anomalously low rate for transearth coast observations with respect to translunar coast observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85345187; PINSKY, L. S. 1; OSBORNE, W. Z. 1; BAILEY, J. V. 2; BENSON, R. E. 2; THOMPSON, L. F. 2; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center; Issue Info: 3/ 8/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4128, p957; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SCHUBERT, G.
AU  - SMITH, B. F.
AU  - SONETT, C. P.
AU  - COLBURN, D. S.
AU  - SCHWARTZ, K.
T1  - Polarized Magnetic Field Fluctuations at the Apollo 15 Site: Possible Regional Influence on Lunar Induction.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/03/22/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4130
M3  - Article
SP  - 1194
EP  - 1197
SN  - 00368075
AB  - High-frequency (5 to 40 millihertz) induced lunar magnetic fields, observed at the Apollo 15 site near the southeastern boundary of Mare Imbrium and the southwestern boundary of Mare Serenitatis, show a strong tendency toward linear polarization in a direction radial to the Imbrium basin and circumferential to the Serenitatis basin, a property that could be indicative of a possible regional influence on the induction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85345263; SCHUBERT, G. 1; SMITH, B. F. 2; SONETT, C. P. 3; COLBURN, D. S. 4; SCHWARTZ, K. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Planetary and Space Science, University of California, Los Angeles 90024; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 3: Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; 4: NASA Ames Research Center; 5: General Electric-TEMPO, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93101; Issue Info: 3/22/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4130, p1194; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOWARD, H. T.
AU  - TYLER, G. L.
AU  - FJELDBO, G.
AU  - KLIORE, A. J.
AU  - LEVY, G. S.
AU  - BRUNN, D. L.
AU  - DICKINSON, R.
AU  - EDELSON, R. E.
AU  - MARTIN, W. L.
AU  - POSTAL, R. B.
AU  - SEIDEL, B.
AU  - SESPLAUKIS, T. T.
AU  - SHIRLEY, D. L.
AU  - STELZRIED, C. T.
AU  - SWEETNAM, D. N.
AU  - ZYGIELBAUM, A. I.
AU  - ESPOSITO, P. B.
AU  - ANDERSON, J. D.
AU  - SHAPIRO, I. I.
AU  - REASENBERG, R. D.
T1  - Venus: Mass, Gravity Field, Atmosphere, and Ionosphere as Measured by the Mariner 10 Dual-Frequency Radio System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/03/29/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4131
M3  - Article
SP  - 1297
EP  - 1301
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Analysis of the Doppler tracking data near encounter yields a value for the ratio of the mass of the sun to that of Venus of 408,523.9 ± 1.2, which is in good agreement with prior determinations based on data from Mariner 2 and Mariner 5. Preliminary analysis indicates that the magnitudes of the fractional differences in the principal moments of inertia of Venus are no larger than 10-4, given that the effects of gravity-field harmonics higher than the second are negligible. Additional analysis is needed to determine the influence of the higher order harmonics on this bound. Four distinct temperature inversions exist at altitudes of 56, 58, 61, and 63 kilometers. The X-band signal was much more rapidly attenuated than the S-band signal and disappeared completely at 52-kilometer altitude. The nightside ionosphere consists of two layers having a peak density of 104 electrons per cubic centimeter at altitudes of 140 and 120 kilometers. The dayside ionosphere has a peak density of 3 X 105 electrons per cubic centimeter at an altitude of 145 kilometers. The electron number density observed at higher altitudes was ten times less than that observed by Mariner 5, and no strong evidence for a well-defined plasmapause was found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85345309; HOWARD, H. T. 1; TYLER, G. L. 1; FJELDBO, G. 2; KLIORE, A. J. 2; LEVY, G. S. 2; BRUNN, D. L. 2; DICKINSON, R. 2; EDELSON, R. E. 2; MARTIN, W. L. 2; POSTAL, R. B. 2; SEIDEL, B. 2; SESPLAUKIS, T. T. 2; SHIRLEY, D. L. 2; STELZRIED, C. T. 2; SWEETNAM, D. N. 2; ZYGIELBAUM, A. I. 2; ESPOSITO, P. B. 3; ANDERSON, J. D. 3; SHAPIRO, I. I. 4; REASENBERG, R. D. 4; Affiliations: 1: Center for Radar Astronomy, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; Issue Info: 3/29/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4131, p1297; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MURRAY, BRUCE C.
AU  - BELTON, MICHAEL J. S.
AU  - DANIELSON, G. EDWARD
AU  - DAVIES, MERTON E.
AU  - GAULT, DONAI.D
AU  - HAPKE, BRUCE
AU  - O'LEARY, BRIAN
AU  - STROM, ROBERT G.
AU  - SUOMI, VERNER
AU  - TRASK, NEWELL
T1  - Venus: Atmospheric Motion and Structure from Mariner 10 Pictures.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/03/29/
VL  - 183
IS  - 4131
M3  - Article
SP  - 1307
EP  - 1315
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mariner 10 television camieras imaged the planet Venus in the visible and near ultraviolet for a period of 8 days at resolutions ranging from 100 meters to 130 kilometers. Tle general pattern of the atmospheric circulation in the upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric region is displayed in the pictures. Atmospheric flow is symmetrical between north and south hemispheres. The equatorial motions are zonal (east-west) at approxiimnately 100 meters per second, consistent with the previously inferred 4-day retrograde rotation. Angular velocity increases with latitude. The subsolar region, and the region downwind from it, show evidence of large-scale convection that persists in spite of the main zonal motion. Dynamical interaction between the zonal motion and the relatively stationary region of convection is evidenced by bowlike waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85345311; MURRAY, BRUCE C. 1; BELTON, MICHAEL J. S. 2; DANIELSON, G. EDWARD 3; DAVIES, MERTON E. 4; GAULT, DONAI.D 5; HAPKE, BRUCE 6; O'LEARY, BRIAN 7; STROM, ROBERT G. 8; SUOMI, VERNER 9; TRASK, NEWELL 10; Affiliations: 1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91109; 2: Kitt Peak Nationial Observatory, Tucson, Arizona 85717; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109; 4: Ranid Corporation, Sanita Monica, Californtia 90401; 5: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Californiia 94035; 6: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; 7: Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002; 8: University of Arizona, Tucson 85726; 9: University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; 10: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston. Virginia 22092; Issue Info: 3/29/1974, Vol. 183 Issue 4131, p1307; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cline, A. K.
AU  - Willoughby, R.
T1  - Scalar- and Planar- Valued Curve Fitting Using Splines Under Tension.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1974/04//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 218
EP  - 220
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The spline under tension was introduced by Schweikert in an attempt to imitate cubic splines but avoid the spurious critical points they induce. The defining equations are presented here, together with an efficient method for determining the necessary parameters and computing the resultant spline. The standard scalar-valued curve fitting problem is discussed, as well as the fitting of open and closed curves in the plane. The use of these curves and the importance of the tension in the fitting of contour lines are mentioned as application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications of the ACM is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CURVE fitting
KW  - SPLINES
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - MECHANICAL movements
KW  - CONTOURS (Cartography)
KW  - contouring
KW  - curve fitting
KW  - interpolation
KW  - splines
N1  - Accession Number: 5225221; Cline, A. K. 1; Willoughby, R.; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Computer Services and Applications, NASA Langley Research Center, Stop 132-C, Hampton, VA 23365.; Issue Info: Apr1974, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p218; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CURVE fitting; Subject Term: SPLINES; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: MECHANICAL movements; Subject Term: CONTOURS (Cartography); Author-Supplied Keyword: contouring; Author-Supplied Keyword: curve fitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: interpolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: splines; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/360924.360971
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DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cline, A. K.
T1  - Algorithm 476 Six Subprograms for Curve Fitting Using Splines Under Tension [E2].
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1974/04//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 223
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article explains six subprograms for curve fitting using splines under tension. The first pair, CURV1 and CURV2, solves the standard interpolation problem: determine a real-valued function that assumes values at abscissas. The second pair, KURV1 and KURV2, solves the more general problem of passing a curve through a sequence of pairs in the plane. The third pair, KURVP1 and KURVP2, solves the same problem, but the solution curve is closed. CURV1 and KURV2 require additional endpoint slope conditions to determine the solution. The user may omit the information in which case values are produced internally based upon the other input information. If three or more points are to be interpolated, these internal slope values are the slopes given by a quadratic polynomial interpolating the first three values for the initial slope and last three values for the terminal slope. If only two points are to be interpolated and no slope information is given, the resulting curve is a straight line. curve is a straight line.
KW  - CURVE fitting -- Software
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - SPLINES
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - curve fitting
KW  - interpolation
KW  - splines contouring
N1  - Accession Number: 17849313; Cline, A. K. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Mail Stop 132-C, NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23365.; Issue Info: Apr1974, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p220; Subject Term: CURVE fitting -- Software; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: SPLINES; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: curve fitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: interpolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: splines contouring; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MURRAY, BRUCE C.
AU  - BELTON, MICHAEL J. S.
AU  - DANIELSON, G. EDWARD
AU  - DAVIES, MERTON E.
AU  - GAULT, DONALD
AU  - HAPKE, BRUCE
AU  - O'LEARY, BRIAN
AU  - STROM, ROBERT G.
AU  - SUOMI, VERNER
AU  - TRASK, NEWELL
T1  - Mariner 10 Pictures of Mercury: First Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/04/26/
VL  - 184
IS  - 4135
M3  - Article
SP  - 459
EP  - 461
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Mercury has a heavily cratered surface cotntaining basins up to at least 1300 kilomiieters diamiieter flooded with mare-like material. Many features are closely similar to those on the moon, buit signzificalt strulctutral diflerences exist. Major chemical diflerenetiation before termination of accretion is implied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85345456; MURRAY, BRUCE C. 1; BELTON, MICHAEL J. S. 2; DANIELSON, G. EDWARD 3; DAVIES, MERTON E. 4; GAULT, DONALD 5; HAPKE, BRUCE 6; O'LEARY, BRIAN 7; STROM, ROBERT G. 8; SUOMI, VERNER 9; TRASK, NEWELL 10; Affiliations: 1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91109; 2: Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona 85726; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; 4: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California 90401; 5: Ames Research Center, Mofjett Field, California 94035; 6: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; 7: Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002; 8: University of Arizona, Tucson 85726; 9: University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; 10: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092; Issue Info: 4/26/1974, Vol. 184 Issue 4135, p459; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
TY  - GEN
AU  - Billings, C. E.;
AU  - Ralston, R. H.;
AU  - Hare, D. E.;
T1  - Untoward effects of sympathomimetic amine
CT  - Untoward effects of sympathomimetic amine
JO  - Aerosp. Med.
JF  - Aerosp. Med.
Y1  - 1974/05/01/
VL  - 45
IS  - May
SP  - 551
EP  - 552
AD  - Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California 94035
N1  - Accession Number: 12-0543; Language: English; Trade Name: Actifed; Generic Name: Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride; Chemical Name: Triprolidine hydrochloride--6138-79-0 Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride--345-78-8; Journal Coden: AEMEAY; Human Indicator: Yes; Section Heading: Adverse Drug Reactions; Abstract Author: Edwin E. Wiegand
N2  - A brief clinical report describes a cardiac arrhythmia associated with frequent doses of Actifed (pseudoephedrine HCl, combination, triprolidine HCl) by a professional pilot. The asymptomatic multifocal ventricular premature contractions occurred when the prescribed medication was taken 2 tablets every 4 hours around the clock for several days to avoid ear blocks while flying. It was concluded that pseudoephedrine in Actifed was responsible for the condition. ECG tracings are included.
KW  - Triprolidine hydrochloride--combination, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride-;
KW  - Pseudoephedrine hydrochloride--combination, triprolidine hydrochloride-;
KW  - Antihistamines--triprolidine, combination, pseudoephedrine--arrhythmias, cardiac, in patient;
KW  - Vasoconstricting agents--pseudoephedrine, combination, triprolidine--arrhythmias, cardiac, in patient;
KW  - Drugs, adverse reactions--triprolidine hydrochloride, combination, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride--arrhythmias, cardiac, in patient;
KW  - Drugs, adverse reactions--pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, combination, triprolidine hydrochloride--arrhythmias, cardiac, in patient;
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ipa
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Hughes, J Marshal, Ii
T1  - A tour of the library-by audiotape
JO  - Special Libraries
JF  - Special Libraries
Y1  - 1974/07//
VL  - 65
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 290
SN  - 00386723
AB  - A viable alternative to the librarian conducting a personalized tour of the special library is the utilization of a cassette tape player and accessories to lead the user through the building describing the available resources. Guidelines for developing an audiotape tour are presented.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA0902224; Hughes, J Marshal, Ii 1; Affiliations: 1 : Nasa, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.;  Source Info: July 1974, Vol. 65 Issue 7, p288; Note: Update Code: 0900; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MURRAY, BRUCE C.
AU  - BELTON, MICHAEL J. S.
AU  - DANIELSON, G. EDWARD
AU  - DAVIES, MERTON E.
AU  - GAULT, DONALD E.
AU  - HAPKE, BRUCE
AU  - O'LEARY, BRIAN
AU  - STROM, ROBERT G.
AU  - SUOMI, VERNER
AU  - TRASK, NEWELL
T1  - Mercury's Surface: Preliminary Description and Interpretation from Mariner 10 Pictures.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/07/12/
VL  - 185
IS  - 4146
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 179
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The surface morphology and optical properties of Mercury resemble those of the moon in remarkable detail and record a very similar sequence of events. Chemical and mineralogical similarity of the outer layers of Mercury and the moon is implied; Mercury is probably a differentiated planet with a large iron-rich core. Differentiation is inferred to have occurred very early. No evidence of atmospheric modification of landforms has been found. Large-scale scarps and ridges unlike lunar or martian features may reflect a unique period of planetary compression near the end of heavy bombardment by small planetesimals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85117805; MURRAY, BRUCE C. 1; BELTON, MICHAEL J. S. 2; DANIELSON, G. EDWARD 3; DAVIES, MERTON E. 4; GAULT, DONALD E. 5; HAPKE, BRUCE 6; O'LEARY, BRIAN 7; STROM, ROBERT G. 8; SUOMI, VERNER 9; TRASK, NEWELL 10; Affiliations: 1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91109; 2: Kitt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Arizona 85726; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; 4: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California 90401; 5: Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035; 6: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260; 7: Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002; 8: University of Arizona, Tucson 85726; 9: University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706; 10: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092; Issue Info: 7/12/1974, Vol. 185 Issue 4146, p169; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - VEDDER, JAMES F.
AU  - GAULT, DONALD E.
AU  - LARIMER, JOHN W.
T1  - A Chondrule: Evidence of Energetic Impact Unlikely.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/07/26/
VL  - 185
IS  - 4148
M3  - Article
SP  - 378
EP  - 379
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85345708; VEDDER, JAMES F. 1; GAULT, DONALD E. 1; LARIMER, JOHN W. 2; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science and Applications Branch, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Department of Geology and Center for Meteorite Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe 85281; Issue Info: 7/26/1974, Vol. 185 Issue 4148, p378; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lichtenstein, Jacob H.
AU  - Saucer, Rayford T.
T1  - VISUAL DEPENDENCY IN THE ERECT AND SUPINE POSITIONS.
JO  - Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - Journal of Applied Psychology
Y1  - 1974/08//
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 529
EP  - 531
SN  - 00219010
AB  - The field dependency-independency of 37 subjects was examined under supine and erect body position. Female subjects were more field dependent than were males. No significant differences were found between pilot and nonpilot males. Male subjects exhibited greater field dependency in the supine position than in the erect position. The results suggest the need to consider three separate measures of field dependency (slope, breakpoint, and variability). Possible implications for the use of subjects in simulators involving visual and body motion cues are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPINE position
KW  - POSTURE
KW  - LYING down position
KW  - SLEEP positions
KW  - FEMALES
KW  - DIFFERENCES
N1  - Accession Number: 12361693; Lichtenstein, Jacob H. 1; Saucer, Rayford T. 1; Affiliations: 1: Nasa Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Issue Info: Aug74, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p529; Subject Term: SUPINE position; Subject Term: POSTURE; Subject Term: LYING down position; Subject Term: SLEEP positions; Subject Term: FEMALES; Subject Term: DIFFERENCES; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BONNER, WILLIAM A.
AU  - KAVASMANECK, PERCY R.
AU  - MARTIN, FORREST S.
AU  - FLORES, JOSE J.
T1  - Asymmetric Adsorption of Alanine by Quartz.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/10/11/
VL  - 186
IS  - 4159
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 144
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Radioactive D- and L-alanine hydrochloride in 10-5 molar ditnethylformainide solution was adsorbed by d- and 1-quartz to the extent of 20 to 30 percent, as shown by radioactivity loss. d-Quartz preferentially adsorbs D-alanine and 1-quartz adsorbs L-alanine. The extent of asymmetric preferential adsorption is about 1.0 to 1.8 percent, at the 99.9 percent confidence level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85117986; BONNER, WILLIAM A. 1; KAVASMANECK, PERCY R. 1; MARTIN, FORREST S. 1; FLORES, JOSE J. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; 2: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 10/11/1974, Vol. 186 Issue 4159, p143; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Page, Thornton
AU  - Pettee, George S.
AU  - Wallace, William A.
T1  - Ellis A. Johnson, 1906-1973.
JO  - Operations Research
JF  - Operations Research
Y1  - 1974/11//Nov/Dec74
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
M3  - Obituary
SP  - 1141
EP  - 1155
PB  - INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research
SN  - 0030364X
AB  - The article presents an obituary for Ellis A. Johnson, one of the pioneers of operations research.
KW  - JOHNSON, Ellis
N1  - Accession Number: 19334403; Page, Thornton 1; Pettee, George S.; Wallace, William A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas; 2: The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: Nov/Dec74, Vol. 22 Issue 6, p1141; People: JOHNSON, Ellis; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Obituary
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, Richard S.
AU  - De Vincenzi, Donald L.
T1  - From Mars with Love.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1974/11/08/
VL  - 186
IS  - 4163
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 501
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85118104; Young, Richard S. 1; De Vincenzi, Donald L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Chief of the Planetary Biology Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20546; 2: Assistant Chief, Planetary Biology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 11/ 8/1974, Vol. 186 Issue 4163, p495; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Applications technology satellite-6 (ats-6)
JO  - Report Nf-53-1-75. 1975. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 13 P. Available From Superintendent Of Documents, Us Government Printing Office, Washington 20402, Stock No. 033-000-00600-4, $0.45; Also Edrs, Ed 109 990, Hc $1.58, Mf $0
JF  - Report Nf-53-1-75. 1975. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 13 P. Available From Superintendent Of Documents, Us Government Printing Office, Washington 20402, Stock No. 033-000-00600-4, $0.45; Also Edrs, Ed 109 990, Hc $1.58, Mf $0
Y1  - 1975///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The applications technology statellite-6 (ats-6) pilot study being conducted by the national aeronautics and space administration (nasa) includes 20 experiments in the use of statellites for educational delivery systems in rural areas and for scientific and technological information dissemination. Initial usage of the system has been in north america for health care and teacher education. Subsequent experiments will be undertaken in other parts of the world including india and the galapagos island. Diagrams and photographs of various aspects of the ast-6 project are provided, together with a summary of the prior statellites in the ast series.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1101081; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1975; Note: Update Code: 1100; Document Type: Book Chapter
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TY  - GEN
AU  - Machol, Robert E
T1  - Letter
JO  - Science 188(4193), 1064 (1975 June). 1 Ref
JF  - Science 188(4193), 1064 (1975 June). 1 Ref
Y1  - 1975///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Responding to nicholas wade's artilce 'citation analysis: a tool for science administrators' (isa 77-4168) in may 2, 1975, issue, machol suggests that a closer corroboration of citation analysis with peer review would result from counting the number of dollars a scientists receives, instead of the number of citations. Those scientists who receive grants and contracts are continually cited for work for which they sign, but such scientists actually end up having little time for research.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1203771; Machol, Robert E 1; Affiliations: 1 : Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Moffett Field, California;  Source Info: 1975; Note: Update Code: 1200; Document Type: Book Chapter
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TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Displays, memories, and signal processing: a compilation
JO  - Technology Utilization. Nasa-sp-5972(06). 1975 August. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 45 P. Ref. Ntis: N76-21392; Hc $4.00, Mf $2.25
JF  - Technology Utilization. Nasa-sp-5972(06). 1975 August. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 45 P. Ref. Ntis: N76-21392; Hc $4.00, Mf $2.25
Y1  - 1975///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Articles on electronics systems and techniques. The first section is on displays and other electro-optical systems; the second section is devoted to signal processing. The third section presents several new memory devices for digital equipment, including articles on holographic memories. The latest patent information available is also given.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1201377; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1975; Note: Update Code: 1200; Document Type: Book Chapter
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TY  - BOOK
AU  - United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Outlook for Space Study Group
AU  - Futures Group
AU  - Forecasting International
AU  - Humes, Kathryn H
AU  - Becker, Harold S
T1  - The Future environment: U. S. and world trends
JO  - The Future environment: U. S. and world trends
JF  - The Future environment: U. S. and world trends
Y1  - 1975///
M3  - Book
KW  - Technological forecasting
KW  - Astronautics and civilization
KW  - Twenty-first century
KW  - Forecasts
KW  - Economic policy
KW  - Social policy
N1  - Accession Number: MRB-FSD0150772; United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Outlook for Space Study Group; Futures Group; Forecasting International; Humes, Kathryn H; Becker, Harold S; Source Info: Greenbelt, Md.: The Study Group, 1975; 772 p. in various pagings: ill., graphs, maps    ; Note: 'NASA-CR-144728.'; Includes bibliographical references; Photocopy. Springfield, Va.: U.S. National Technical Information Service, 1976. 28 cm. (N76-18969-189819); Document Type: Book
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - GRODZKA, PHILOMENA G.
AU  - BANNISTER, TOMMY C.
T1  - Heat Flow and Convection Experiments aboard Apollo 17.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/01/17/
VL  - 187
IS  - 4172
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 167
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Experiments conducted aboard Apollo 17 by astronaut Ronald E. Evans showed that in uncovered liquids convection driven by surface tension can occur at lower temperature gradients in low gravity (about 10-8g) than in 1g. In completely confined fluids (no liquid-gas interface) vibrations caused by spacecraft and astronaut movements increased the heat transfer considerably over the pure conduction case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85118391; GRODZKA, PHILOMENA G. 1; BANNISTER, TOMMY C. 2; Affiliations: 1: Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama 35807; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812; Issue Info: 1/17/1975, Vol. 187 Issue 4172, p165; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HALL, CHARLES F.
T1  - Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/05/02/
VL  - 188
IS  - 4187
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 446
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85118922; HALL, CHARLES F. 1; Affiliations: 1: Pioneer Project, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moflett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 5/ 2/1975, Vol. 188 Issue 4187, p445; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - OPP, ALBERT G.
T1  - Scientific Results from the Pioneer 11 Mission to Jupiter.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/05/02/
VL  - 188
IS  - 4187
M3  - Article
SP  - 447
EP  - 448
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85118923; OPP, ALBERT G. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. 20546; Issue Info: 5/ 2/1975, Vol. 188 Issue 4187, p447; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - MIHALOY, J. D.
AU  - COLLARD, H. R.
AU  - MCKIBBIN, D. D.
AU  - WOLFE, J. H.
AU  - INTRILIGATOR, D. S.
T1  - Pioneer 11 Encounter: Preliminary Results from the Ames Research Center Plasma Analyzer Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/05/02/
VL  - 188
IS  - 4187
M3  - Article
SP  - 448
EP  - 451
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Pioneer 11 observations of the interaction of Jupiter's magnetosphere with the distant solar wind have confirmed the earlier Pioneer 10 observations of the great size and extreme variability of the outer magnetosphere. The nature of the plasma transitions across Jupiter's bow shock and magnetopause as observed on Pioneer 10 have also been confirmed on Pioneer 11. However, the northward direction of the Pioneer 11 outbound trajectory and the distance of the final magnetopause crossing (80 Jupiter radii) now suggest that Jupiter's magnetosphere is extremely broad with a half-thickness (normal to the ecliptic plane in the noon meridian) which is comparable to or greater than the sunward distance to the nose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85118924; MIHALOY, J. D. 1; COLLARD, H. R. 1; MCKIBBIN, D. D. 1; WOLFE, J. H. 1; INTRILIGATOR, D. S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Physics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MVlofiett Field, California 94035; 2: Physics Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90007; Issue Info: 5/ 2/1975, Vol. 188 Issue 4187, p448; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - SMITH, E. J.
AU  - DAVIs JR., L.
AU  - JONES, D. E.
AU  - COLEMAN JR., P. J.
AU  - COLBURN, D. S.
AU  - DYAL, P.
AU  - SONETT, C. P.
T1  - Jupiter's Magnetic Field. Magnetosphere, and Interaction with the Solar Wind: Pioneer 11.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/05/02/
VL  - 188
IS  - 4187
M3  - Article
SP  - 451
EP  - 455
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Pioneer 11 vector helium magnetometer provided precise, contititious measurements of the magnietic fields in interplanetary space, inside Jupiter's magnetosphere, and in the near vicinity of Jupiter. As with the Pioneer 10 data, evidence was seen of the dynanmic interaction of Jupiter with the solar wind which leads to a variety of phenolnena (bow shock, upstream waves, nonlinear magnetosheath impulses) and to changes in the dimension of the dayside magnetosphere by as much as a factor of 2. The magnetosphere clearly appears to be blunt, not disk-shaped, with a well-defined outer boundary. In the outer magnetosphere, the magnetic field is irregular but exhibits a persistent southward component indicative of a closed magnetosphere. The data contain the first clear evidence in the dayside magnetosphere of the current sheet, apparently associated with centrifugal forces, that was a dominant feature of the outbound Pioneer 10 data. A modest westward spiraling of the field was again evident inbound but not outbound at higher latitudes and nearer the Sun-Jupiter direction. Measurements near periapsis, which were nearer the planet and provide better latitude and longitude coverage than Pioneer 10, have revealed a 5 percent discrepancy with the Pioneer 10 offset dipole mnodel (D2). A revised offset dipole (6-parameter fit) is presented as well as the results of a spherical harnmonic analysis (23 parameters) consisting of an interior dipole, quadrupole, and octopole and an external dipole and quadrupole. The dipole moment and the composite field appear moderately larger than inferred from Pioneer 10. Maximum surface fields of 14 and 11 gauss in the northern and southern hemispheres are inferred. Jupiter's planetary field is found to be slightly more irregular than that of Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85118925; SMITH, E. J. 1; DAVIs JR., L. 2; JONES, D. E. 3; COLEMAN JR., P. J. 4; COLBURN, D. S. 5; DYAL, P. 5; SONETT, C. P. 6; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; 2: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91109; 3: Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84601; 4: University of California, Los Angeles 90024; 5: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 6: University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; Issue Info: 5/ 2/1975, Vol. 188 Issue 4187, p451; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HUMES, D. H.
AU  - ALVAREZ, J. M.
AU  - KINARD, W. H.
AU  - O'NEAL, R. L.
T1  - Pioneer 11 Meteoroid Detection Experiment: Preliminary Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/05/02/
VL  - 188
IS  - 4187
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 474
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The concentration of meteoroids of mass ~ 10-8 gram in interplanetary space, in the asteroid belt, and near Jupiter has been measured. The data confirm the Pioneer 10 observation that the asteroid belt is nlot highly populated with small meteoroids, suggest that the high concentration of smtall particles around Jupiter is the result of gravitational focusing, and provide all intdication of the mass distribution of ineteoroids in interplanetary space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85118932; HUMES, D. H. 1; ALVAREZ, J. M. 1; KINARD, W. H. 1; O'NEAL, R. L. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 5/ 2/1975, Vol. 188 Issue 4187, p473; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - PINSKY, L. S.
AU  - OSBORNE, W. Z.
AU  - HOFFMAN, R. A.
AU  - BAILEY, J. V.
T1  - Light Flashes Observed by Astronauts on Skylab 4.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/05/30/
VL  - 188
IS  - 4191
M3  - Article
SP  - 928
EP  - 930
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Two dedicated light flash observing sessions were conducted by one of the crewmen during the Skylab 4 mission., Analyses of his observations reveal a strong correlation between flash frequency and primary cosmic-rayflux, and an even stronger correlation between flash frequency and the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region of the inner belt trapped radiation. Calculations indicate that an all-proton inner belt probably cannot produce the observed SAA flash rate, and they suggest that there may exist a previously unobserved inner belt flux of multiply charged nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85119071; PINSKY, L. S. 1,2; OSBORNE, W. Z. 1,2; HOFFMAN, R. A. 2; BAILEY, J. V. 2; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77004; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston 77058; Issue Info: 5/30/1975, Vol. 188 Issue 4191, p928; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - KLERER, MELVIN
AU  - HANLEY, H. J. M.
AU  - MACHOL, ROBERT E.
T1  - Citation Analysis.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/06/13/
VL  - 188
IS  - 4193
M3  - Article
SP  - 1062
EP  - 1062
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85116030; KLERER, MELVIN 1; HANLEY, H. J. M. 2; MACHOL, ROBERT E. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Operations Research and System Analysis, Polytechnic Institute of New York, Brooklyn 11201; 2: Cryogenics Division, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado 80302; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 6/13/1975, Vol. 188 Issue 4193, preceding p1062; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Katzoff, Samuel
T1  - LETTER.
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 1975/08//
VL  - 233
IS  - 2
M3  - Letter
SP  - 9
EP  - 9
SN  - 00368733
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to an article on Galileo's timekeeping by Stillman Drake in the June 1975 issue.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Galilei, Galileo, 1564-1642
N1  - Accession Number: 19903507; Katzoff, Samuel 1; Affiliations: 1: Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.; Issue Info: Aug75, Vol. 233 Issue 2, p9; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; People: Galilei, Galileo, 1564-1642; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOUCK, JAMES R.
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - SCHAACK, DAVID
AU  - REED, ROBERT A.
AU  - SUMMERS, A.
T1  - Jupiter: Its Infrared Spectrum from 16 to 40 Micrometers.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1975/08/29/
VL  - 189
IS  - 4204
M3  - Article
SP  - 720
EP  - 722
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Spectral measurements of the thermal radiation from Jupiter in the band from 16 to 40 micrometers are analyzed under the assumption that pressure-broadened molecular hydrogen transitions are responsible for the bulk of the infrared opacity over most of this spectral interval. Both the vertical pressure-temperature profile and the molecular hydrogen mixing ratio are determined. The derived value of the molecular hydrogen mixing ratio, 0.89 i 0.11, is consistent with the solar value of 0.86. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85136526; HOUCK, JAMES R. 1; POLLACK, JAMES B. 2; SCHAACK, DAVID 3; REED, ROBERT A. 3; SUMMERS, A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Center, Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; 2: Space Science Division, Mes Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 3: Center, Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University; 4: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center; Issue Info: 8/29/1975, Vol. 189 Issue 4204, p720; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Morrison, James R
T1  - A ground-support network for earth resources satellites
JO  - Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science
JF  - Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science
Y1  - 1975/11//
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 21
SN  - 00954403
AB  - In july 1972, the first earth-orbiting satellite was launched that was dedicated to surveying the resources and environment of earth. This was the earth resources technology satellite (erts), now called landsat (described). Basic functions performed by satellite data-acquisition and processing facilities are reception, recording, processing, and storing of the landsat data, and distributing the resulting images or digital data to the users in a useful format. Landsat ground stations are being formed into a loose network as part of an experimental program to determine the usefulness of satellite remote-sensing information for acquiring resources and environmental data on an international basis.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1102849; Morrison, James R 1; Affiliations: 1 : Office Of Applications, National Aeronautics And Space Administration;  Source Info: November 1975, Vol. 2 Issue 4, p20; Note: Update Code: 1100; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa thesaurus. volume 1. alphabetical listing
JO  - 1976 Edition. Nasa-sp-7050-v-1. 1976 January. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 820 P. Ntis: N76-17992; Hc $15.00. See Isa 76-4125/n, 4130/r
JF  - 1976 Edition. Nasa-sp-7050-v-1. 1976 January. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 820 P. Ntis: N76-17992; Hc $15.00. See Isa 76-4125/n, 4130/r
Y1  - 1976///
M3  - Book
AB  - Contains all subject terms (postable and nonpostable) approved for use in the nasa scientific ans technical information system. Included are the subject terms of the preliminary edition of the nasa thesaurus (nasa sp-7030, december 1976); of the nasa thesaurus alphabetical update (nasa sp-7040, septemper 1971); and terms approved, added or changed through may 31, 1975. Thesaurus structuring, including scope notes, a genericm structure with broader-term/narrower-term (bt-nt) relationship displayed in embedded hierarchies, and other cross references, is provided for each term, as appropriate.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1103770; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1976; Note: Update Code: 1100; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa thesaurus. volume 2. access vocabulary
JO  - 1976 Edition. Nasa-sp-7050-v-2. 1976 January. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 442 P. Ntis: N76-17993; Hc $8.50. See Isa 76-4124/m, 4130/r
JF  - 1976 Edition. Nasa-sp-7050-v-2. 1976 January. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 442 P. Ntis: N76-17993; Hc $8.50. See Isa 76-4124/m, 4130/r
Y1  - 1976///
M3  - Book
AB  - Contains an alphabetical listing of all thesaurus terms (postable and nonpostable) and permutations of all miltiword and pseudo-multiword terms. Also included are other words (non-thesaurus terms) consisting of abbreviations, chemical symbols, etc. The permutations and other words provide 'access' to the appropriate postable entries in the thesaurus.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1103771; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1976; Note: Update Code: 1100; Document Type: Book
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - BROWNLEE, D. E.
AU  - FERRY, G. V.
AU  - TOMANDL, D.
T1  - Stratospheric Aluminum Oxide.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/03/26/
VL  - 191
IS  - 4233
M3  - Article
SP  - 1270
EP  - 1271
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Balloons and U-2 aircraft were used to collect micrometer-sized stratospheric aerosols. It was discovered that for the past 6 years at least, aluminum oxide spheres have been the major stratospheric particulate in the size range 3 to 8 micrometers. The most probable source of the spheres is the exhaust from solid-fuel rockets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85219891; BROWNLEE, D. E. 1; FERRY, G. V. 2; TOMANDL, D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle 98195; 2: Planetary Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 3: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle; Issue Info: 3/26/1976, Vol. 191 Issue 4233, p1270; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZELEZNIK, FRANK J.
T1  - Combustion Modeling in Internal Combustion Engines.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 1976/04//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
EP  - 164
SN  - 00102202
AB  - The fundamental assumptions of the Blizard and Keck combustion model for internal combustion engines are examined and a generalization of that model is derived. The most significant feature of the model is that it permits the occurrence of unburned hydrocarbons in the thermodynamic-kinetic modeling of exhaust gases. The general formulas are evaluated in two specific cases that are likely to be significant in the applications of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 76209814; ZELEZNIK, FRANK J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Lewis Research Center. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio; Issue Info: Apr1976, Vol. 12 Issue 4-6, p159; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102207608946716
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - LUSHIH, KATHERINE
AU  - LEDERBERG, JOSHUA
T1  - Chloramine Mutagenesis in Bacillus subtilis.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/06/11/
VL  - 192
IS  - 4244
M3  - Article
SP  - 1141
EP  - 1143
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Chloramine (which occurs widely as a by-product of sanitary chlorination of water supplies) is shown to be a weak mutagen, when reversion of trpC to trp+ in Bacillus subtilis is used as an assay. Some DNA-repair mutants appear to be more sensitive to chloramine, suggesting the involvement of DNA targets in bactericide. The influence of plating media on survival of cells treated with chloramine suggests a bacterial repair system acting upon potentially lethal lesions induced by chloramine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85360957; LUSHIH, KATHERINE 1; LEDERBERG, JOSHUA 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; 2: Biological Adaptation Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, Calif, 94035; Issue Info: 6/11/1976, Vol. 192 Issue 4244, p1141; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - SOFFEN, G. A.
AU  - SNYDER, C. W.
T1  - The First Viking Mission to Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/08/27/
VL  - 193
IS  - 4255
M3  - Article
SP  - 759
EP  - 766
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85217945; SOFFEN, G. A. 1; SNYDER, C. W. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; Issue Info: 8/27/1976, Vol. 193 Issue 4255, p759; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - NIER, A. O.
AU  - HANSON, W. B.
AU  - SEIFF, A.
AU  - MCELROY, M. B.
AU  - SPENCER, N. W.
AU  - DUCKETT, R. J.
AU  - KNIGHT, T. C. D.
AU  - COOK, W. S.
T1  - Composition and Structure of the Martian Atmosphere: Preliminary Results from Viking 1.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/08/27/
VL  - 193
IS  - 4255
M3  - Article
SP  - 786
EP  - 788
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Results from the aeroshell-mounted neutral mass spectrometer on Viking I indicate that the upper atmosphere of Mars is composed mainly of CO2 with trace quantities of N2, Ar, 0, 02, and CO. The mixing ratios by volume relative to C02 for N2, Ar, and 02 are about 0.06, 0.015, and 0.003, respectively, at an altitude near 135 kilometers. Molecular oxygen (O.2+) is a major component of the ionosphere according to results from the retarding potential analyzer. The atmosphere between 140 and 200 kilometers has an average temperature of about 180° ± 20°K. Atmospheric pressure at the landing site for Viking I was 7.3 millibars at an air temperature of 241/K. The descent data are consistent with the view that CO2 should be the major constituent of the lower martian atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85217949; NIER, A. O. 1; HANSON, W. B. 2; SEIFF, A. 3; MCELROY, M. B. 4; SPENCER, N. W. 5; DUCKETT, R. J. 6; KNIGHT, T. C. D. 7; COOK, W. S. 7; Affiliations: 1: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455; 2: Center for Space Sciences, University of Texas, Dallas 75080; 3: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 4: Center for Earth and Planetary Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; 5: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; 6: Viking Projec t Office, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23365; 7: Martin Marietta Corporation, P. 0. Box 179, Denver, Colorado 80201; Issue Info: 8/27/1976, Vol. 193 Issue 4255, p786; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - HESS, S. L.
AU  - HENRY, R. M.
AU  - LEOVY, C. B.
AU  - RYAN, J. A.
AU  - TILLMAN, J. E.
AU  - CHAMBERLAIN, T. E.
AU  - COLE, H. L.
AU  - DUTTON, R. G.
AU  - GREENE, G. C.
AU  - SIMON, W. E.
AU  - MITCHELL, J. L.
T1  - Preliminary Meteorological Results on Mars from the Viking 1 Lander.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/08/27/
VL  - 193
IS  - 4255
M3  - Article
SP  - 788
EP  - 791
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The results from the meteorology instruments on the Viking I lander are presented for thefirst 4 sols of operation. The instruments are working satisfactorily. Temperatures fluctuated from a low of 188°K to an estimated maximum of 244°K. The mean pressure is 7.65 millibars with a diurnal variation of amplitude 0.1 millibar. Wind speeds averaged over several minutes have ranged from essentially calm to 9 meters per second. Wind directions have exhibited a remarkable regularity which may be associated with nocturnal downslope winds and gravitational oscillations, or to tidal effects of the diurnal pressure wave, or to both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85217950; HESS, S. L. 1; HENRY, R. M. 2; LEOVY, C. B. 3; RYAN, J. A. 4; TILLMAN, J. E. 3; CHAMBERLAIN, T. E. 5; COLE, H. L. 6; DUTTON, R. G. 7; GREENE, G. C. 8; SIMON, W. E. 9; MITCHELL, J. L. 10; Affiliations: 1: Florida State University, Tallahassee; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: University of Washington, Seattle; 4: California State University, Fullerton; 5: TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, California; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 7: Martin Marietta Aerospace, Denver, Colorado; 8: NASA Langley Research Center; 9: Martin Marietta Aerospace; 10: Florida State University; Issue Info: 8/27/1976, Vol. 193 Issue 4255, p788; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - MUTCH, THOMAS A.
AU  - BINDER, ALAN B.
AU  - HUCK, FRIEDRICH O.
AU  - LEVINTHAL, ELLIOTT C.
AU  - LIEBES JR., SIDNEY
AU  - MORRIS, ELLIOT C.
AU  - PATTERSON, WILLIAM R.
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - SAGAN, CARL
AU  - TAYLOR, GLENN R.
T1  - The Surface of Mars: The view from the Viking 1 Lander.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/08/27/
VL  - 193
IS  - 4255
M3  - Article
SP  - 791
EP  - 801
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The first photographs ever returned from the surface of Mars were obtained by two facsimile cameras aboard the Viking 1 lander, including black-and white and color, 0.12° and 0.04" resolution, and monoscopic and stereoscopic images. The surface, on the western slopes of Chtyse Planitia, is a boulder-strewn deeply reddish desert, with distant eminences-some of which may be the rims of impact craters-surmounted by a pink sky. Both impact and aeolian processes are evident. After dissipation of a small dust cloud stirred by the landing maneuvers, no sub-sequent signs of movement were detected on the landscape, and nothing has been observed that is indicative of macroscopic biology at this time and place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85217951; MUTCH, THOMAS A. 1; BINDER, ALAN B. 2; HUCK, FRIEDRICH O. 3; LEVINTHAL, ELLIOTT C. 4; LIEBES JR., SIDNEY 5; MORRIS, ELLIOT C. 6; PATTERSON, WILLIAM R. 7; POLLACK, JAMES B. 8; SAGAN, CARL 9; TAYLOR, GLENN R. 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; 2: Institutfur Geophysik, University of Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany, and Science Applications, Inc., Pasadena, California 91101; 3: Flight Instrumentation Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 4: Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; 5: Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University; 6: Branch of Astrogeologic Studies, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001; 7: Division of Engineering, Brown University; 8: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94305; 9: Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York; 10: Viking Project Office, NASA Langley Research Center; Issue Info: 8/27/1976, Vol. 193 Issue 4255, p791; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - MICHAEL JR., W. H.
AU  - TOLSON, R. H.
AU  - MAYO, A. P.
AU  - BLACKSHEAR, W. T.
AU  - KELLY, G. M.
AU  - CAIN, D. L.
AU  - BRENKLE, J. P.
AU  - SHAPIRO, I. I.
AU  - REASENBERG, R. D.
T1  - Viking Lander Location and Spin Axis of Mars: Determination from Radio Tracking Data.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/08/27/
VL  - 193
IS  - 4255
M3  - Article
SP  - 803
EP  - 803
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Radio tracking data from the Viking lander have been used to determine the lander position and the orientation of the spin axis of Mars. The areocentric coordinates of the lander are 22.27°N, 48.00°W, and 3389.5 kilometers from the center of mass; the spin axis orientation, referred to Earth's mean equator and equinox of 1950.0, is 317.35°right ascension and 52.71°declination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85217953; MICHAEL JR., W. H. 1; TOLSON, R. H. 1; MAYO, A. P. 1; BLACKSHEAR, W. T. 1; KELLY, G. M. 2; CAIN, D. L. 3; BRENKLE, J. P. 3; SHAPIRO, I. I. 4; REASENBERG, R. D. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23665; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 4: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; Issue Info: 8/27/1976, Vol. 193 Issue 4255, p803; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - SHORTHILL, RICHARD W.
AU  - HUTTON, ROBERT E.
AU  - MOORE, HENRY J.
AU  - SCOTT, RONALD F.
AU  - SPITZER, CARY R.
T1  - Physical Properties of the Martian Surface from the Viking 1 Lander: Preliminary Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/08/27/
VL  - 193
IS  - 4255
M3  - Article
SP  - 805
EP  - 809
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The purpose of the physical properties experiment is to determine the characteristics of the martian "soil" based on the use of the Viking lander imaging system, the surface sampler, and engineering sensors. Viking I lander made physical contact with the surface of Mars at I1:53:07.1 hours on 20 July 1976 G. M. T. Twenty- five seconds later a high-resolution image sequence of the area around a footpad was started which contained the first information about surface conditions on Mars. The next image is a survey of the martian landscape in front of the lander, including a view of the top support of two of the landing legs. Each leg has a stroke gauge which extends from the top of the leg support an amount equal to the crushing experienced by the shock absorbers during touchdown. Subsequent images provided views of all three stroke gauges which, together with the knowledge of the impact velocity, allow determination of "soil" properties. In the images there is evidence of surface erosion from the engines. Several laboratory tests were carried out prior to the mission with a descent engine to determine what surface alterations might occur during a Mars landing. On sol 2 the shroud, which protected the surface sampler collector head from biological contamination, was ejected onto the surface. Later a cylindrical pin which dropped from the boom housing of the surface sampler during the modified unlatching sequence produced a crater (the second Mars penetrometer experiment). These two experiments provided further insight into the physical properties of the martian surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85217955; SHORTHILL, RICHARD W. 1; HUTTON, ROBERT E. 2; MOORE, HENRY J. 3; SCOTT, RONALD F. 4; SPITZER, CARY R. 5; Affiliations: 1: University of Utah Research Institute, Salt Lake City 84108; 2: Applied Mathematics Laboratory, TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, California 90278; 3: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 90278; 4: Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 8/27/1976, Vol. 193 Issue 4255, p805; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - MASURSKY, H.
AU  - CRABILL, N. L.
T1  - The Viking Landing Sites: Selection and Certification.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/08/27/
VL  - 193
IS  - 4255
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 812
SN  - 00368075
AB  - During the past several years the Viking project developed plans to use Viking orbiter instruments and Earth-based radar to certify the suitability of the landing sites selected as the safest and most scientifically rewarding using Mariner 9 data. During June and July 1976, the Earth-based radar and orbital spacecraft observations of some of the prime and backup sites were completed. The results of these combined observations indicated that the Viking I prime landing area in the Chryse region of Mars is geologically varied and possibly more hazardous than expected, and was not certifiable as a site for the Viking I landing. Consequently, the site certification effort had to be drastically modified and lengthened to search for a site that might be safe enough to attempt to land. The selected site considered at 47.5W,22.4°N represented a compromise between desirable characteristics observed with visual images and those inferred from Earth-based radar. It lies in the Chryse region about 900 kilometers northwest of the original site. Viking I landed successfully at this site on 20 July 1976. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85217956; MASURSKY, H. 1; CRABILL, N. L. 2; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 8/27/1976, Vol. 193 Issue 4255, p809; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - SATINOFF, EVELYN
AU  - MCEWEN JR., G. N.
AU  - WILLIAMS, B. A.
T1  - Behavioral Fever in Newborn Rabbits.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/09/17/
VL  - 193
IS  - 4258
M3  - Article
SP  - 1139
EP  - 1140
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Rabbit pups, 12 to 72 hours old, did not develop a fever when injected intraperitoneally with a pyrogen and maintained at an ambient temperature of 32°C for 2 hours. When placed in a thermally graded alleyway, animals injected with pyrogen selected gradient positions that represented significantly higher temperatures than controls injected with saline (40.4° in contrast to 36.4°C). Allowing the pups to remain at their selected positions for 5 minutes caused a significant increase in the rectal temperatures of the pyrogen-injected pups but not that of the controls. Thus, newborn rabbits will develop a fever by behavioral means after a single injection of an exogenous pyrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85218033; SATINOFF, EVELYN 1,2; MCEWEN JR., G. N. 1; WILLIAMS, B. A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Control Research Branch, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign 61820; Issue Info: 9/17/1976, Vol. 193 Issue 4258, p1139; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - SOFFEN, G. A.
T1  - Status of the Vikcing Missions.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/10//10/ 1/1976
VL  - 194
IS  - 4260
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 59
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85218114; SOFFEN, G. A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Viking Project Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia, 23665; Issue Info: 10/ 1/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4260, p57; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MASURSKY, H.
AU  - CRABILL, N. L.
T1  - Search for the Viking 2 Landing Site.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/10//10/ 1/1976
VL  - 194
IS  - 4260
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 68
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The search for the landing site of Viking 2 was more extensive than the search for the Viking I site. Seven times as much area (4.5 million square kilometers) was examined as for Viking 1. Cydonia (Bl) and Capri (Cl) sites were examined with the Viking I orbiter. The B latitude band (40° to 50°N) was selected before the final midcourse maneuver of Viking 2 because of its high scientific interest (that is, high atmospheric water content, surface temperature, possible near-surface permafrost, and a different geological domain). The Viking I orbiter continued photographing the Cydonia (BJ) site to search for an area large and smooth enough on which to land (three-sigma ellipse; 100 by 260 kilometers); such an area was notfound. The second spacecraft photographed and made infrared measurements in large areas in Arcadia (B2) and Utopia Planitia (B3). Both areas are highly textured, mottled cratered plains with abundant impact craters like Cydonia (Bl), but smaller sectors in each area are partially mantled by wind-formed deposits. The thermal inertia, from which the grain size of surface material can be computed, and atmospheric water content were determined from the infrared observations. A region in Utopia Planitia, west of the crater Mie, was selected: the landing took place successfully on 3 September 1976 at 3:58:20 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time, earth received time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85218116; MASURSKY, H. 1; CRABILL, N. L. 2; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23665; Issue Info: 10/ 1/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4260, p62; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BIEMANN, K.
AU  - ORO, J.
AU  - TOULMIN III, P.
AU  - ORGEL, L. E.
AU  - NIER, A. O.
AU  - ANDERSON, D. M.
AU  - SIMMONDS, P. G.
AU  - FLORY, D.
AU  - DIAZ, A. V.
AU  - RUSHNECK, D. R.
AU  - BILLER, J. A.
T1  - Search for Organic and Volatile Inorganic Compounds in Two Surface Samples from the Chryse Planitia Region of Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/10//10/ 1/1976
VL  - 194
IS  - 4260
M3  - Article
SP  - 72
EP  - 76
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Two surface samples collected from the Chryse Planitia region of Mars were heated to temperatures up to 500°C, and the volatiles that they evolved were analyzed with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Only water and carbon dioxide were detected. This implies that organic compounds have not accumulated to the extent that individual components could be detected at levels of a few parts in 109 by weight in our samples. Proposed mechanisms for the accumulation and destruction of organic compounds are discussed in the light of this limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85218119; BIEMANN, K. 1; ORO, J. 2; TOULMIN III, P. 3; ORGEL, L. E. 4; NIER, A. O. 5; ANDERSON, D. M. 6; SIMMONDS, P. G. 7; FLORY, D. 8; DIAZ, A. V. 9; RUSHNECK, D. R. 10; BILLER, J. A. 11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139; 2: Department of Biophysical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas; 3: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 22092; 4: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, California, 92102; 5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455; 6: Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 20550; 7: Organic Geochemistry Unit, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, England; 8: Spectrix Corporation, Houston, Texas, 77054; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23665; 10: Interface, Inc., Post Office Box 297, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80522; 11: Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Issue Info: 10/ 1/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4260, p72; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HESS, S. L.
AU  - HENRY, R. M.
AU  - LEOVY, C. B.
AU  - RYAN, J. A.
AU  - TILLMAN, J. E.
AU  - CHAMBERLAIN, T. E.
AU  - COLE, H. L.
AU  - DUTTON, R. G.
AU  - GREENE, G. C.
AU  - SIMON, W. E.
AU  - MITCHELL, J. L.
T1  - Mars Climatology from Viking 1 After 20 Sols.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/10//10/ 1/1976
VL  - 194
IS  - 4260
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
EP  - 81
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The results from the meteorology instruments on the Viking I lander are presented for thefirst 20 sols of operation. The daily patterns of temperature, wind, and pressure have been highly consistent during the period. Hence, these have been assembled into 20-sol composites and analyzed harmonically. Maximum temperature was 241.8°K and minimum 187.2°K. The composite wind vector has a mean diurnal magnitude of 2.4 meters per second with prevailing wind from the south and counterclockwise diurnal rotation. Pressure exhibits diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations. The diurnal is ascribed to a combination of effects, and the semidiurnal appears to be the solar semidiurnal tide. Similarities to Earth are discussed. A major finding is a continual secular decrease in diurnal mean pressure. This is ascribed to carbon dioxide deposition at the south polar cap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85218121; HESS, S. L. 1; HENRY, R. M. 2; LEOVY, C. B. 3; RYAN, J. A. 4; TILLMAN, J. E. 3; CHAMBERLAIN, T. E. 5; COLE, H. L. 6; DUTTON, R. G. 7; GREENE, G. C. 8; SIMON, W. E. 9; MITCHELL, J. L. 10; Affiliations: 1: Florida State University, Tallahassee; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: University of Washington, Seattle; 4: California State University, Fullerton; 5: TRW, Inc., Redondo Beach, California; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 7: Martin Marietta Aerospace, Denver, Colorado; 8: NASA Langley Research Center; 9: Martin Marietta Aerospace; 10: Florida State University; Issue Info: 10/ 1/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4260, p78; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HARGRAVES, R. B.
AU  - COLLINSON, D. W.
AU  - SPITZER, C. R.
T1  - Viking Magnetic Properties Investigation: Preliminary Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/10//10/ 1/1976
VL  - 194
IS  - 4260
M3  - Article
SP  - 84
EP  - 86
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Three permanent magnet arrays are aboard the Viking lander. By sol 35, one array, fixed on a photometric reference test chart on top of the lander, has clearly attracted magnetic particles from airborne dust; two other magnet arrays, one strong and one weak, incorporated in the backhoe of the surface sampler, have both extracted considerable magnetic mineral from the surface as a result of nine insertions associated with sample acquisition. The loose martian surface material around the landing site is judged to contain 3 to 7 percent highly magnetic mineral which, pending spectrophotometric study, is thought to be mainly magnetite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85218123; HARGRAVES, R. B. 1; COLLINSON, D. W. 2; SPITZER, C. R. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological and Geophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08540; 2: Institute of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, School of Physics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, England; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23665; Issue Info: 10/ 1/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4260, p84; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MUTCH, THOMAS A.
AU  - ARVIDSON, RAYMOND E.
AU  - BINDER, ALAN B.
AU  - HUCK, FRIEDRICH O.
AU  - LEVINTHAL, ELLIOTT C.
AU  - LIEBES JR., SIDNEY
AU  - MORRIS, ELLIOT C.
AU  - NUMMEDAL, DAG
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - SAGAN, CARL
T1  - Fine Particles on Mars: Observations with the Viking 1 Lander Cameras.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/10//10/ 1/1976
VL  - 194
IS  - 4260
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 91
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Drifts offine-grained sediment are present in the vicinity of the Viking I lander. Many drifts occur in the lees of large boulders. Morphologic analysis indicates that the last dynamic event was one of general deflation for at least some drifts. Particle cohesion implies that there is a distinct small-particle upturn in the threshold velocity-particle size curve; the apparent absence of the most easily moved particles (150 micrometers in diameter) may be due to their preferential transport to other regions or their preferential collisional destruction. A twilight rescan with lander cameras indicates a substantial amount of red dust with mean radius on the order of I micrometer in the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85218124; MUTCH, THOMAS A. 1; ARVIDSON, RAYMOND E. 2; BINDER, ALAN B. 3; HUCK, FRIEDRICH O. 4; LEVINTHAL, ELLIOTT C. 5; LIEBES JR., SIDNEY 6; MORRIS, ELLIOT C. 7; NUMMEDAL, DAG 8; POLLACK, JAMES B. 9; SAGAN, CARL 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912; 2: McDonnell Center, Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, 63160; 3: Institut für Geophysik, University of Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany and Science Applications, Inc., Pasadena, California, 91101; 4: Flight Instrumentation Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23665; 5: Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305; 6: Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University; 7: Branch of Astrogeologic Studies, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001; 8: Department of Geology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, 29208; 9: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94305; 10: Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853; Issue Info: 10/ 1/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4260, p87; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SHORTHILL, RICHARD W.
AU  - MOORE II, HENRY J.
AU  - SCOTT, RONALD F.
AU  - HUTTON, ROBERT E.
AU  - LIEBES JR., SIDNEY
AU  - SPITZER, CARY R.
T1  - The "Soil" of Mars (Viking 1).
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/10//10/ 1/1976
VL  - 194
IS  - 4260
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 97
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The location of the Viking I lander is most ideal for the study of soil properties because it has one footpad in soft material and one on hard material. As each soil sample was acquired, information on soil properties was obtained. Although analysis is still under way, early results on bulk density, particle size, angle of internal friction, cohesion, adhesion, and penetration resistance of the soil of Mars are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85218125; SHORTHILL, RICHARD W. 1; MOORE II, HENRY J. 2; SCOTT, RONALD F. 3; HUTTON, ROBERT E. 4; LIEBES JR., SIDNEY 5; SPITZER, CARY R. 6; Affiliations: 1: Geospace Sciences Laboratory, University of Utah Research Institute, Salt Lake City, 84108; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, 94025; 3: Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125; 4: Applied Mechanics Laboratory, TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, California, 90278; 5: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305; 6: Viking Project Office, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23665; Issue Info: 10/ 1/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4260, p91; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KLEIN, HAROLD P.
AU  - HOROWITZ, NORMAN H.
AU  - LEVIN, GILBERT V.
AU  - OYAMA, VANCE I.
AU  - LEDERBERG, JOSHUA
AU  - RICH, ALEXANDER
AU  - HUBBARD, JERRY S.
AU  - HOBBY, GEORGE L.
AU  - STRAAT, PATRICIA A.
AU  - BERDAHL, BONNIE J.
AU  - CARLE, GLENN C.
AU  - BROWN, FREDERICK S.
AU  - JOHNSON, RICHARD D.
T1  - The Viking Biological Investigation: Preliminary Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/10//10/ 1/1976
VL  - 194
IS  - 4260
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 105
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Three different types of biological experiments on samples of martian surface material ("soil") were conducted inside the Viking lander. In the carbon assimilation or pyrolytic release experiment, 14CO2 and 14CO were exposed to soil in the presence of light. A small amount of gas wasfound to be converted into organic material. Heat treatment of a duplicate sample prevented such conversion. In the gas exchange experiment, soil was first humidified (exposed to water vapor) for 6 sols and then wet with a complex aqueous solution of metabolites. The gas above the soil was monitored by gas chromatography. A substantial amount of O2 was detected in the first chromatogram taken 2.8 hours after humidification. Subsequent analyses revealed that significant increases in CO2 and only small changes in N2 had also occurred. In the labeled release experiment, soil was moistened with a solution containing several 14C-lateled organic compounds. A substantial evolution of radioactive gas was registered, but did not occur with a duplicate heat-treated sample. Alternative chemical and biological interpretations are possible for these preliminary data. The experiments are still in process, and these results so far do not allow a decision regarding the existence of life on the planet Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85218127; KLEIN, HAROLD P. 1; HOROWITZ, NORMAN H. 2; LEVIN, GILBERT V. 3; OYAMA, VANCE I. 4; LEDERBERG, JOSHUA 5; RICH, ALEXANDER 6; HUBBARD, JERRY S. 7; HOBBY, GEORGE L. 8; STRAAT, PATRICIA A. 9; BERDAHL, BONNIE J. 10; CARLE, GLENN C. 10; BROWN, FREDERICK S. 10; JOHNSON, RICHARD D. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035; 2: Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125; 3: Biospherics Incorporated, Rockville, Maryland, 20852; 4: NASA Ames Research Center; 5: Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305; 6: Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139; 7: Department of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332; 8: Department of Biology, California Institute of Technology; 9: Biospherics Incorporated; 10: TRW Systems, One Space Park, Redondo Beach, California, 90278; Issue Info: 10/ 1/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4260, p99; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SOFFEN, GERALD A.
T1  - Scientific Results of the Viking Missions.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/12/17/
VL  - 194
IS  - 4271
M3  - Article
SP  - 1274
EP  - 1276
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The two Viking missions to Mars have been extraordinarily successful. Thirteen scientific investigations yielded information about the atmosphere and surface. Two orbiters and landers operating for several months photographed the surface extensively from 1500 kilometers and directly on the surface. Measurements were made of the atmospheric composition, the surface elemental abundance, the atmospheric water vapor, temperature of the surface, and meteorological conditions; direct tests were made for organic material and living organisms. The question of life on Mars remains unanswered. The Viking spacecraft are designed to continue the investigations for at least one Mars year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85361301; SOFFEN, GERALD A. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 12/17/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4271, p1274; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MUTCH, T. A.
AU  - GRENANDER, S. U.
AU  - JONES, K. L.
AU  - PATTERSON, W.
AU  - ARVIDSON, R. E.
AU  - GUINNESS, E. A.
AU  - AVRIN, P.
AU  - CARLSTON, C. E.
AU  - BINDER, A. B.
AU  - SAGAN, C.
AU  - DUNHAM, E. W.
AU  - FOX, P. L.
AU  - PIERI, D. C.
AU  - HUCK, F. O.
AU  - ROWLAND, C. W.
AU  - TAYLOR, G. R.
AU  - WALL, S. D.
AU  - KAHN, R.
AU  - LEVINTHAL, E. C.
AU  - LIEBES JR., S.
T1  - The Surface of Mars: The View from the Viking 2 Lander.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/12/17/
VL  - 194
IS  - 4271
M3  - Article
SP  - 1277
EP  - 1283
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Viking 2 lander began imaging the surface of Mars at Utopia Planitia on 3 September 1976. The surface is a boulder-strewn reddish desert cut by troughs that probably form a polygonal network. A plateau can be seen to the east of the spacecraft, which for the most probable lander location is approximately the direction of a tongue of ejecta from the crater Mie. Boulders at the lander 2 site are generally more vesicular than those near lander 1. Fines at both lander sites appear to be very fine-grained and to be bound in a duricrust. The pinkish color of the sky, similar to that observed at the lander 1 site, indicates suspension of surface material. However, the atmospheric optical depth is less than that at the lander 1 site. After dissipation of a cloud of dust stirred during landing, no changes other than those stemming from sampling activities have been detected in the landscape. No signs of large organisms are apparent at either landing site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85361302; MUTCH, T. A. 1; GRENANDER, S. U. 1; JONES, K. L. 1; PATTERSON, W. 1; ARVIDSON, R. E. 2; GUINNESS, E. A. 2; AVRIN, P. 3; CARLSTON, C. E. 3; BINDER, A. B. 4; SAGAN, C. 5; DUNHAM, E. W. 5; FOX, P. L. 5; PIERI, D. C. 5; HUCK, F. O. 6; ROWLAND, C. W. 6; TAYLOR, G. R. 6; WALL, S. D. 6; KAHN, R. 7; LEVINTHAL, E. C. 8; LIEBES JR., S. 8; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912; 2: McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; 3: Martin Marietta Corporation, Denver, Colorado 80201; 4: Institut für Geophysik, University of Kiel, Federal Republic of Germany, and Science Applications, Inc., Pasadena, California 91101; 5: Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 7: Center for Earth and Planetary Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; 8: Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Issue Info: 12/17/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4271, p1277; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CLARK, BENTON C.
AU  - BAIRD, A. K.
AU  - ROSE JR., HARRY J.
AU  - TOULMIN III, PRIESTLEY
AU  - KEIL, KLAUS
AU  - CASTRO, ANGELO J.
AU  - KELLIHER, WARREN C.
AU  - ROWE, CATHERINE D.
AU  - EVANS, PETER H.
T1  - Inorganic Analyses of Martian Surface Samples at the Viking Landing Sites.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/12/17/
VL  - 194
IS  - 4271
M3  - Article
SP  - 1283
EP  - 1288
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Elemental analyses of fines in the Martian regolith at two widely separated landing sites, Chryse Planitia and Utopia Planitia, produced remarkably similar results. At both sites, the uppermost regolith contains abundant Si and Fe, with significant concentrations of Mg, Al, S, Ca, and Ti. The S concentration is one to two orders of magnitude higher, and K(< 0.25 percent by weight) is at least 5 times lower than the average for the earth's crust. The trace elements Sr, Y, and possibly Zr, have been detected at concentrations near or below 100 parts per million. Pebblesized fragments sampled at Chryse contain more S than the bulk fines, and are thought to be pieces of a sulfate-cemented duricrust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85361303; CLARK, BENTON C. 1; BAIRD, A. K. 2; ROSE JR., HARRY J. 2; TOULMIN III, PRIESTLEY 2; KEIL, KLAUS 3; CASTRO, ANGELO J. 4; KELLIHER, WARREN C. 5; ROWE, CATHERINE D. 4; EVANS, PETER H. 6; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Sciences Laboratory, Martin-Marietta Aerospace, Denver, Colorado 80201; 2: Department of Geology, Pomona College, Claremont, California 91711; 3: U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 22092; 4: Martin-Marietta Aerospace; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 6: Department of Geology, Pomona College; Issue Info: 12/17/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4271, p1283; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEIFF, ALVIN
AU  - KIRK, DONN B.
T1  - Structure of Mars' Atmosphere up to 100 Kilometers from the Entry Measurements of Viking 2.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/12/17/
VL  - 194
IS  - 4271
M3  - Article
SP  - 1300
EP  - 1303
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Viking 2 entry science data on the structure of Mars' atmosphere up to 100 kilometers define a morning atmosphere with an isothermal region near the surface; a surface pressure 10 percent greater than that recorded simultaneously at the Viking I site, which implies a landing site elevation lower by 2.7 kilometers than the reference ellipsoid; and a thermal structure to 100 kilometers at least qualitatively consistent with pre-Viking modeling of thermal tides. The temperature profile exhibits waves whose amplitude grows with altitude, to ~25°K at 90 kilometers. These waves are believed to be a consequence of layered vertical oscillations and associated heating and cooling by compression and expansion, excited by the daily thermal cycling of the planet surface. As is necessary for gravity wave propagation, the atmosphere is stable against convection, except possibly in some very local regions. Temperature is everywhere appreciably above the carbon dioxide condensation boundary at both landing sites, precluding the occurrence of carbon dioxide hazes in northern summer at latitudes to at least 50°N. Thus, ground level mists seen in these latitudes would appear to be condensed water vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85361308; SEIFF, ALVIN 1; KIRK, DONN B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 12/17/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4271, p1300; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SHORTHILL, RICHARD W.
AU  - MOORE II, HENRY J.
AU  - HUTTON, ROBERT E.
AU  - SCOTT, RONALD F.
AU  - SPITZER, CARY R.
T1  - The Environs of Viking 2 Lander.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/12/17/
VL  - 194
IS  - 4271
M3  - Article
SP  - 1309
EP  - 1318
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Forty-six days after Viking I landed, Viking 2 landed in Utopia Planitia, about 6500 kilometers away from the landing site of Viking 1. Images show that in the immediate vicinity of the Viking 2 landing site the surface is covered with rocks, some of which are partially buried, andfine-grained materials. The surface sampler, the lander cameras, engineering sensors, and some data from the other lander experiments were used to investigate the properties of the surface. Lander 2 has a more homogeneous surface, more coarse-grained material, an extensive crust, small rocks or clods which seem to be difficult to collect, and more extensive erosion by the retroengine exhaust gases than lander 1. A report on the physical properties of the martian surface based on data obtained through sol 58 on Viking 2 and a brief description of activities on Viking I after sol 36 are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85361310; SHORTHILL, RICHARD W. 1; MOORE II, HENRY J. 2; HUTTON, ROBERT E. 3; SCOTT, RONALD F. 4; SPITZER, CARY R. 5; Affiliations: 1: Geospace Science Laboratory, University of Utah Research Institute, Salt Lake City 84108; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; 3: Applied Mechanics Laboratory, TRW Systems Group, Redondo Beach, California 90278; 4: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 12/17/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4271, p1309; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CUTTS, JAMES A.
AU  - BLASIUS, KARL R.
AU  - BRIGGS, GEOFFREY A.
AU  - CARR, MICHAEL H.
AU  - GREELEY, RONALD
AU  - MASURSKY, HAROLD
T1  - North Polar Region of Mars: Imaging Results from Viking 2.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/12/17/
VL  - 194
IS  - 4271
M3  - Article
SP  - 1329
EP  - 1337
SN  - 00368075
AB  - During October 1976, the Viking 2 orbiter acquired approximately 700 high-resolution images of the north polar region of Mars. These images confirm the existence at the north pole of extensive layered deposits largely covered over with deposits of perennial ice. An unconformity within the layered deposits suggests a complex history of climate change during their time of deposition. A pole-girdling accumulation of dunes composed of very dark materials is revealed for thefirst time by the Viking cameras. The entire region is devoid of fresh impact -craters. Rapid rates of erosion or deposition are implied. A scenario for polar geological evolution, involving two types of climate change, is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85361314; CUTTS, JAMES A. 1; BLASIUS, KARL R. 1; BRIGGS, GEOFFREY A. 2; CARR, MICHAEL H. 3; GREELEY, RONALD 4,5; MASURSKY, HAROLD 6; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science Institute, Science Applications, Inc., Pasadena, California 91101; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; 3: Branch of Astrogeology, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; 4: University of Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California 95053; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94305; 6: Branch of Astrogeology, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001; Issue Info: 12/17/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4271, p1329; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MICHAEL JR., W. H.
AU  - MAYO, A. P.
AU  - BLACKSHEAR, W. T.
AU  - TOLSON, R. H.
AU  - KELLY, G. M.
AU  - BRENKLE, J. P.
AU  - CAIN, D. L.
AU  - FJELDBO, G.
AU  - SWEETNAM, D. N.
AU  - GOLDSTEIN, R. B.
AU  - MACNEIL, P. E.
AU  - REASENBERG, R. D.
AU  - SHAPIRO, I. I.
AU  - BOAK III, T. I. S.
AU  - GROSSI, M. D.
AU  - TANG, C. H.
T1  - Mars Dynamics, Atmospheric and Surface Properties: Determination from Viking Tracking Data.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/12/17/
VL  - 194
IS  - 4271
M3  - Article
SP  - 1337
EP  - 1339
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Approximately 3 months of radio tracking data from the Viking landers have been analyzed to determine the lander locations, the orientation of the spin axis of Mars, and a first estimate from Viking data of the planet's spin rate. Preliminary results have also been obtained for atmospheric parameters and radii at occultation points and for properties of the surface in the vicinity of lander 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85361315; MICHAEL JR., W. H. 1; MAYO, A. P. 1; BLACKSHEAR, W. T. 1; TOLSON, R. H. 1; KELLY, G. M. 2; BRENKLE, J. P. 3; CAIN, D. L. 3; FJELDBO, G. 3; SWEETNAM, D. N. 3; GOLDSTEIN, R. B. 4; MACNEIL, P. E. 4; REASENBERG, R. D. 4; SHAPIRO, I. I. 4; BOAK III, T. I. S. 5; GROSSI, M. D. 5; TANG, C. H. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23665; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 4: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; 5: Raytheon Company, Sudbury, Massachusetts 01776; Issue Info: 12/17/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4271, p1337; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HESS, S. L.
AU  - HENRY, R. M.
AU  - LEOVY, C. B.
AU  - MITCHELL, J. L.
AU  - RYAN, J. A.
AU  - TILLMAN, J. E.
T1  - Early Meteorological Results from the Viking 2 Lander.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1976/12/17/
VL  - 194
IS  - 4271
M3  - Article
SP  - 1352
EP  - 1353
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Early results from the meteorological instruments on the Viking 2 lander are presented. As on lander 1, the daily patterns of temperature, wind, and pressure have been highly repetitive during the early summer period. The average daily maximum temperature was 241°K and the diurnal minimum was 191°K. The wind has a vector mean of 0.7 meter per second from the southeast with a diurnal amplitude of 3 meters per second. Pressure exhibits both diurnal and semidiurnal oscillations, although of substantially smaller amplitude than those of lander 1. Departures from the repetitive diurnal patterns begin to appear on sol 3.7 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85361320; HESS, S. L. 1; HENRY, R. M. 2; LEOVY, C. B. 3; MITCHELL, J. L. 1; RYAN, J. A. 4; TILLMAN, J. E. 3; Affiliations: 1: Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306; 2: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23365; 3: University of Washington, Seattle 98195; 4: California State University, Fullerton 92631; Issue Info: 12/17/1976, Vol. 194 Issue 4271, p1352; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KUHN, P.
AU  - CARACENA, F.
AU  - GILLESPIE, JR., C. M.
T1  - Clear Air Turbulence: Detection by Infrared Observations of Water Vapor.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1977/06/03/
VL  - 196
IS  - 4294
M3  - Article
SP  - 1099
EP  - 1100
SN  - 00368075
AB  - "Forward-looking" infrared measurements of water vapor from the C-141A Kuiper Airborne Observatory ofthe National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center show large, distinctly identifiable, signal anomalies from 4 to 10 minutes in advance of subsequent encounters with clear air turbulence (CAT). These anomalies are characteristically differentfrom the signals notfollowed by CAT encounters. Results of airborne field trials in which the infrared radiometer was used indicate that, out of51 situations, 80 percent were CAT alerts followed by CAT encounters, 12 percent were 'false alarms" (CAT alerts not followed by CAT encounters), and 8 percent were CAT encounters not preceded by an infrared signal anomaly or CAT alert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 87436424; KUHN, P. 1; CARACENA, F. 1; GILLESPIE, JR., C. M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Research Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80302; 2: Medium Altitude Missions Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 6/3/1977, Vol. 196 Issue 4294, p1099; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MENZIES, ROBERT T.
AU  - SEALS, JR., ROBERT K.
T1  - Ozone Monitoring with an Infrared Heterodyne Radiometer.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1977/09/23/
VL  - 197
IS  - 4310
M3  - Article
SP  - 1275
EP  - 1277
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Measurements of the total burden and of the concentration versus altitude profiles of ozone have been made with a ground-based heterodyne radiometer at Pasadena, California. The measurements were made in the 9.5-micrometer wavelength region, where a strong ozone infrared absorption band exists. The radiometer measured solar absorption at selected wavelengths, with a spectral resolution of 0.001 reciprocal centimeter, equivalent to the half-width of an ozone absorption line at the 10-millibar altitude level. A carbon dioxide laser served as the local oscillator. This technique can be used to gather important data on both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, which are not readily accessible with other remote-sensing techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 87459917; MENZIES, ROBERT T. 1; SEALS, JR., ROBERT K. 2; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91103; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 9/23/1977, Vol. 197 Issue 4310, p1275; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kirby, Raymond H.
AU  - Coates, Glynn D.
AU  - Mikulka, Peter J.
AU  - Dempsey, Thomas K.
AU  - Leatherwood, Jack D.
T1  - Effect of Vibration in Combined Axes on Subjective Evaluation of Ride Quality.
JO  - Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - Journal of Applied Psychology
Y1  - 1977/12//
VL  - 62
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 727
EP  - 734
SN  - 00219010
AB  - Two studies were conducted on the effects of simultaneous sinusoidal vibration in the vertical and lateral axes on ratings of discomfort in human subjects in a simulated passenger aircraft. In the first experiment, each of 24 subjects experienced each of 10 levels of lateral frequency of vibration at 10 levels of vertical frequency and rated the discomfort produced on a 9-point, unipolar scale. The results showed that both vertical frequency and lateral frequency, as well as the interaction between the two, significantly affected the subjective ratings. In the second experiment, 72 subjects experienced one of four levels of vertical frequency at each of four levels of vertical amplitude combined with 16 (or 4 × 4) lateral frequency and amplitude conditions. Not only did the four major variables studied significantly affect ratings of discomfort, but the interactions between them had significant effects as well. The results of these two studies strongly suggest that there are effects on discomfort that occur when subjects are vibrated in several axes at once that cannot be assessed with research using vibration in only one axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - AXES
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - SCALES (Weighing instruments)
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Dynamics)
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
N1  - Accession Number: 5133376; Kirby, Raymond H. 1; Coates, Glynn D. 1; Mikulka, Peter J. 1; Dempsey, Thomas K. 2; Leatherwood, Jack D. 2; Affiliations: 1: Old Dominion University; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec77, Vol. 62 Issue 6, p727; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: AXES; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Subject Term: SCALES (Weighing instruments); Subject Term: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: FREQUENCY response (Dynamics); Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332216 Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332210 Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333997 Scale and Balance Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333990 All other general-purpose machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Nasa guidelines on report literature
JO  - Nasa-sp-7200. 1978. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 27 P. Ref. Ntis: N79-13914/3ga; Hc (a03)
JF  - Nasa-sp-7200. 1978. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington. 27 P. Ref. Ntis: N79-13914/3ga; Hc (a03)
Y1  - 1978///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Nasa seeks for inclusion in its scientific and technical information systems research reports, conference proceedings, meeting papers, monographs, and doctoral and post graduate theses which relate to the nasa mission and objectives. Topics of interest to nasa are presented.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1402167; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1978; Note: Update Code: 1400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Sandler, Harold
AU  - Winter, David L
AU  - Ames Research Center
T1  - Physiological responses of women to simulated weightlessness: a review of the significant findings of the first female bed-rest study
JO  - Physiological responses of women to simulated weightlessness: a review of the significant findings of the first female bed-rest study
JF  - Physiological responses of women to simulated weightlessness: a review of the significant findings of the first female bed-rest study
Y1  - 1978///
M3  - Book
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - BED rest
KW  - Weightlessness
KW  - Weightlessness simulators
N1  - Accession Number: MRB-WRI0305911; Sandler, Harold; Winter, David L; Ames Research Center; Source Info: Washington: Scientific and Technical Information Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Springfield, Va.: for sale by the National Technical Information Service, 1978; v, 87 p.: ill.    ; Note: Series: NASA SP, Volume: 430.; Note: Includes bibliographical references; Subject Term: WOMEN; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: BED rest; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - fyh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center.
T1  - Directory of astronomical data files
JO  - Report Nasa-tm-79761. 1978 September. Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland. 140 P. Ntis: N79-12980/5ga; Hc (a07), Mf (a01)
JF  - Report Nasa-tm-79761. 1978 September. Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland. 140 P. Ntis: N79-12980/5ga; Hc (a07), Mf (a01)
Y1  - 1978///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This directory of astronomical data files was prepared by the data task force of the interagency coordination committee for astronomy (icca) in cooperation with the national space science data center (nssdc). The purpose of the directory is to provide a listing which will enable a user to locate stellar and extragalactic data sources keyed along with sufficient descriptive information to permit him to assess the value of the files of his use as well as the status and availability of the compilations.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1402056; National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center.; Source Info: 1978; Note: Update Code: 1400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Langley Research Center.
T1  - Engineering and scientific data management
JO  - Reports Nasa-cp-2055, L-12043. 1978. Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia. 255 P. Ntis: N78-33776/3ga; Hc (a12), Mf (a01). Proceedings Of A Conference Sponsored In Part By The Institute For Computer App
JF  - Reports Nasa-cp-2055, L-12043. 1978. Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia. 255 P. Ntis: N78-33776/3ga; Hc (a12), Mf (a01). Proceedings Of A Conference Sponsored In Part By The Institute For Computer App
Y1  - 1978///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The application of data management systems to engineering and scientific data is described.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1402139; National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Langley Research Center.; Source Info: 1978; Note: Update Code: 1400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - Solar heating system for recreation building at Scattergood school.
T3  - DOE/NASA Contractor report; 150553.
Y1  - 1978///
CY  - Springfield, Va.
PB  - National Technical Information Service
N1  - Accession Number: SPH115941; Corporate Author: Scattergood School; United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. George C. Marshall Flight Center; United States. Dept. of Energy; Language: English; Description: 2 microfiches (140 fr.); 11x15 cm; Publication Type: Microforms; Update Code: 19940901
KW  - *SPORTS
KW  - *SPORTS facilities
KW  - SCHOOLS
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - BUILDING
KW  - SOLAR HEATING
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DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - TOLSON, R. H.
AU  - DUXBURY, T. C.
AU  - BORN, G. H.
AU  - CHRISTENSEN, E. J.
AU  - DIEHL, R. E.
AU  - FARLESS, D.
AU  - HILDEBRAND, C. E.
AU  - MITCHELL, R. T.
AU  - MOLKO, P. M.
AU  - MORABITO, L. A.
AU  - PALLUCONI, F. D.
AU  - REICHERT, R. J.
AU  - TARAJI, H.
AU  - VEVERKA, J.
AU  - NEUGEBAUER, G.
AU  - FINDLAY, J. T.
T1  - Viking First Encounter of Phobos: Preliminary Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1978/01/06/
VL  - 199
IS  - 4324
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 64
SN  - 00368075
AB  - During the last 2 weeks of February 1977, an intensive scientific investigation of the martian satellite Phobos was conducted by the Viking Orbiter-1 (VO-1) spacecraft. More than 125 television pictures were obtained during this period and infrared observations were made. About 80 percent of the illuminated hemisphere was imaged at a resolution of about 30 meters. Higher resolution images of limited areas were also obtained. Flyby distances within 80 kilometers of the surface were achieved. An estimate of the mass of Phobos (GM) was obtained by observing the effect of Phobos's gravity on the orbit of VO-1 as sensed by Earth-based radiometric tracking. Preliminary results indicate a value of GM of 0.00066 ± 0.00012 cubic kilometer per second squared (standard deviation of 3) and a mean density of about 1.9 ± 0.6 gram per cubic centimeter (standard deviation of 3). This low density, together with the low albedo and the recently determined spectral reflectance, suggest that Phobos is compositionally similar to type I carbonaceous chondrites. Thus, either this object formed in the outer part of the asteroid belt or Lewis's theory that such material cannot condense at 1.5 astronomical units is incorrect. The data on Phobos obtained during this first encounter period are comparable in quantity to all of the data on Mars returned by Mariner flights 4, 6, and 7. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 87476904; TOLSON, R. H. 1; DUXBURY, T. C. 2; BORN, G. H. 2; CHRISTENSEN, E. J. 2; DIEHL, R. E. 2; FARLESS, D. 2; HILDEBRAND, C. E. 2; MITCHELL, R. T. 2; MOLKO, P. M. 2; MORABITO, L. A. 2; PALLUCONI, F. D. 2; REICHERT, R. J. 2; TARAJI, H. 2; VEVERKA, J. 3; NEUGEBAUER, G. 4; FINDLAY, J. T. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 3: Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; 4: Physics Department, California Institute of Technology; 5: Analytic Mechanics Associates, Inc., Jericho, New Yor.'k 11753; Issue Info: 1/6/1978, Vol. 199 Issue 4324, p61; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PANG, KEVIN D.
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - VEVERKA, JOSEPH
AU  - LANE, ARTHUR L.
AU  - AJELLO, JOSEPH M.
T1  - The Composition of Phobos: Evidence for Carbonaceous Chondrite Surface from Spectral Analysis.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1978/01/06/
VL  - 199
IS  - 4324
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 66
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A reflectance spectrum of Phobos (from 200 to 1100 nanometers) has been compiled from the Mariner 9 ultraviolet spectrometer, Viking lander imaging, and ground-based photometric data. The reflectance of the martian satellite is approximately constant at 5 percent from 1100 to 400 nanometers but drops sharply below 400 nanometers, reaching a value of 1 percent at 200 nanometers. The spectral albedo of Phobos bears a striking resemblance to that of asteroids (1) Ceres and (2) Pallas. Comparison of the reflectance spectra of asteroids with those of meteorites has shown that the spectral signature of Ceres is indicative of a carbonaceous chondritic composition. A physical explanation of how the compositional information is imposed on the reflectance spectrum is given. On the basis of a good match between the reflectance spectra of Phobos and Ceres and the extensive research that has been done to infer the composition of Ceres, it seems reasonable to believe that the surface composition of Phobos is similar to that of carbonaceous chondrites. This suggestion is consistent with the recently determined low density of Mars's inner satellite. Our result and recent Viking noble gas measurements suggest different modes of origin for Mars and Phobos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 87476899; PANG, KEVIN D. 1; POLLACK, JAMES B. 2; VEVERKA, JOSEPH 3; LANE, ARTHUR L. 4; AJELLO, JOSEPH M. 4; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science Institute, Pasadena, California 91101; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 3: Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; Issue Info: 1/6/1978, Vol. 199 Issue 4324, p64; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - VEVERKA, JOSEPH
AU  - PANG, KEVIN
AU  - COLBURN, DAVID
AU  - LANE, ARTHUR L.
AU  - AJELLO, JOSEPH M.
T1  - Multicolor Observations of Phobos with the Viking Lander Cameras: Evidence for a Carbonaceous Chondritic Composition.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1978/01/06/
VL  - 199
IS  - 4324
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 69
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The reflectivity of Phobos has been determined in the spectral region from 0.4 to 1.1 micrometers from images taken with a Viking lander camera. The reflectivity curve is flat in this spectral interval and the geometric albedo equals 0.05 ± 0.01. These results, together with Phobos's reflectivity spectrum in the ultraviolet, are compared with laboratory spectra of carbonaceous chondrites and basalts. The spectra of carbonaceous chondrites are consistent with the observations, whereas the basalt spectra are not. These findings raise the possibility that Phobos may be a captured object rather than a natural satellite of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 87476900; POLLACK, JAMES B. 1; VEVERKA, JOSEPH 2; PANG, KEVIN 3; COLBURN, DAVID 4; LANE, ARTHUR L. 5; AJELLO, JOSEPH M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Theoretical and Planetary Studies Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; 3: Planetary Science Institute, Pasadena, California 91101; 4: Theoretical and Planetary Studies Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute ofTechnology, Pasadena 91103; Issue Info: 1/6/1978, Vol. 199 Issue 4324, p66; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SCARGLE, JEFFREY D.
T1  - Rotating Neutron Stars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1978/01/27/
VL  - 199
IS  - 4327
M3  - Article
SP  - 416
EP  - 417
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 87460146; SCARGLE, JEFFREY D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Theoretical and Planetary Studies Branch, Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 1/27/1978, Vol. 199 Issue 4327, p416; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SOFFEN, GERALD A.
AU  - MUTCH, THOMAS
T1  - 1977 AAAS Awards Presented During Washington Meeting.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1978/03/03/
VL  - 199
IS  - 4332
M3  - Article
SP  - 962
EP  - 963
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 87460843; SOFFEN, GERALD A. 1; MUTCH, THOMAS 1; Affiliations: 1: Viking Project Office, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 3/3/1978, Vol. 199 Issue 4332, p962; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LEVINE, JOEL S.
AU  - MCDOUGAL, DAVID S.
AU  - ANDERSON, JR., DONALD E.
AU  - BARKER, EDWIN S.
T1  - Atomic Hydrogen on Mars: Measurements at Solar Minimum.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1978/06/02/
VL  - 200
IS  - 4345
M3  - Article
SP  - 1048
EP  - 1051
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Copernicus Orbiting Astronomical Observatory was used to obtain measurements of Mars Lyman-a (1215.671-angstrom) emission at the solar minimum, which has resulted in the first information on atomic hydrogen concentrations in the upper atmosphere of Mars at the solar minimum. The Copernicus measurements, coupled with the Viking in situ measurements of the temperature (170° ± 30°K) of the upper atmosphere of Mars, indicate that the atomic hydrogen number density at the exobase of Mars (250 kilometers) is about 60 times greater than that deduced from Mariner 6 and 7 Lyman-α measurements obtained during a period of high solar activity. The Copernicus results are consistent with Hunten's hypothesis of the diffusion-limited escape of atomic hydrogen from Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 87477267; LEVINE, JOEL S. 1; MCDOUGAL, DAVID S. 1; ANDERSON, JR., DONALD E. 2; BARKER, EDWIN S. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: E. O. Hulburt Centerfor Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375; 3: Princeton University Observatory, Princeton, New Jersey 08540; Issue Info: 6/2/1978, Vol. 200 Issue 4345, p1048; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - MOREY, EMILY R.
AU  - BAYLINK, DAVID J.
T1  - Inhibition of Bone Formation During Space Flight.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1978/09/22/
VL  - 201
IS  - 4361
M3  - Article
SP  - 1138
EP  - 1141
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Parameters of bone formation and resorption were measured in rats orbited for 19.5 days aboard the Soviet Cosmos 782 biological satellite. The most striking effects were on bone formation. During flight, rats formed significantly less periosteal bone than did control rats on the ground. An arrest line at both the periosteum and the endosteum of flight animals suggests that a complete cessation of bone growth occurred. During a 26-day postflight period, the defect in bone formation was corrected. No significant changes in bone resorption were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 87546648; MOREY, EMILY R. 1; BAYLINK, DAVID J. 2,3; Affiliations: 1: Biomedical Research Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Department of Medicine, American Lake Veterans Administration Hospital, Tacoma, Washington 98493; 3: University of Washington, Seattle 98195; Issue Info: 9/22/1978, Vol. 201 Issue 4361, p1138; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics And Space Administration.
T1  - Technical publications program
JO  - A Working Guide. Report Nasa-tm-80412. 1979. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington 18 P. Ntis: N79-22960/5ga; Hc (a02), Mf (a01)
JF  - A Working Guide. Report Nasa-tm-80412. 1979. National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Washington 18 P. Ntis: N79-22960/5ga; Hc (a02), Mf (a01)
Y1  - 1979///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Many of the questions that arise during the day-to-day activities of nasa's agency-wide scientific and technical publication program are answered. This document provides information on the policies and procedures of the program. In addition to serving as a guide for nasa headquarters and nasa field installation personnel, this publication may be referenced in nasa contract and grant instruments.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1402165; National Aeronautics And Space Administration.; Source Info: 1979; Note: Update Code: 1400; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
T1  - Space flight research relevant to health, physical education, and recreation: with particular reference to Skylab's life science experiments.
AU  - Van Huss, W.D.
AU  - Heusner, W.W.
Y1  - 1979///
CY  - Washington, D.C.; 
PB  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: SPH80899; Author: Van Huss, W.D. Author: Heusner, W.W. ; Corporate Author: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance; Language: English; General Notes: Catalog number NAS 1.19:148.; Description: v, 52 p.; Publication Type: Monograph or government document; Update Code: 19981201
KW  - *PHYSICAL education & training
KW  - *SPORTS
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - *MEDICINE
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SKYLAB
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - WITTEBORN, F. C.
AU  - BREGMAN, J. D.
AU  - POLLACK, J. B.
T1  - Io: An Intense Brightening Near 5 Micrometers.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/16/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4381
M3  - Article
SP  - 643
EP  - 646
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Spectrophotometric observations of the jovian satellite Io on 20 and 21 February 1978 (Universal Time) were made from 1.2 to 5.4 micrometers. Io's brightness at 4.7 to 5.4 micrometers was found to be three to five times greater at an orbital phase angle of 680 than at orbital phase angles of 23° (5.5 hours before the brightening) and 240° (20 hours after the brightening). Since the 5-micrometer albedo of Io is near unity under ordinary conditions, the observed transient phenomenon must have been the result of an emission mechanism. Although several such mechanisms were examined, the actual choice is not clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85199309; WITTEBORN, F. C. 1; BREGMAN, J. D. 1; POLLACK, J. B. 2; Affiliations: 1: Astrophysical Experiments Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Theoretical and Planetary Studies Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center; Issue Info: 2/16/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4381, p643; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - COLIN, LAWRENCE
T1  - Encounter with Venus.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 743
EP  - 745
SN  - 00368075
AB  - This report is an introduction to the accompanying collection of initial results from the successful Pioneer Venus orbiter and mutiprobe missions that encountered Venus on 4 December and 9 December 1978, respectively. The mission features are briefly described and furnish data accumulated over the first 30 days of the mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85199363; COLIN, LAWRENCE 1; Affiliations: 1: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p743; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WOLFE, J.
AU  - INTRILIGATOR, D. S.
T1  - Initial Observations of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Solar Wind Plasma Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 750
EP  - 752
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Initial results of observations of the solar wind interaction with Venus indicate that Venus has a well-defined, strong, standing bow shock wave. Downstream from the shock, an ionosheath is observed in which the compressed and heated postshock plasma evidently interacts directly wvith the Venus ionosphere. Plasma ion velocity deflections observed within the ionosheath are consistent with flow around the blunt shape of the ionopause. The ionopause boundary is observed and defined by this experiment as the location where the ionosheath ion flow is first excluded. The positions of the bow shock and ionopause are variable and appear to respond to changes in the external solar wind pressure. Near the terminator the bow shock was observed at altitudes of ∼ 4600 to ∼ 12,000 kilomneters. The ionopause altitude ranged from as low as ∼ 450 to ∼ 1950 kilometers. Within the Venus ionosphere low-energy ions (energy per unit charge < 30 volts) were detected and have been tentatively identified as nonflowing ionospheric ions incident from a direction along the spacecraft velocity vector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85199366; WOLFE, J. 1; INTRILIGATOR, D. S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Physics Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90007; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p750; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KNUDSEN, W. C.
AU  - SPENNER, K.
AU  - WHITTEN, R. C.
AU  - SPREITER, J. R.
AU  - MILLER, K. L.
AU  - NOVAK, V.
T1  - Thermal Structure and Major Ion Composition of the Venus Ionosphere: First RPA Results from Venus Orbiter.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 757
EP  - 763
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Thermal plasma quantities measured by, the retarding potential analyzer (RPA) are, together with companion Pioneer Venus measurements, the first in situ measurements of the Venus ionosphere. High ionospheric ion and electron temperatures imply significant solar wind heating of the ionosphere. Comparison of the measured altitude profiles of the dominant ions with an initial modlel indicates that the ionosphere is close to diffusive equilibrium. The ionopause height was observed to vary from 400 to 1000 kilometers in early orbits. The ionospheric particle pressure at the ionopause is apparently balanced at a solar zenith angle of about 70° by the magnetic field pressure with little contribution from energetic solar wind particles. The measured ratio of ionospheric scale height to ionopause radius is consistent with that inferred from previously measured bow shock positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85199369; KNUDSEN, W. C. 1; SPENNER, K. 2; WHITTEN, R. C. 3; SPREITER, J. R. 4; MILLER, K. L. 5; NOVAK, V. 6; Affiliations: 1: Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, Palo Alto, California 94304; 2: Institut für Physikalische Weltraumsforschung der Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, 78 Freibiurg, West Germany; 3: NASA Ames Research Center Moffet Field, California 94035; 4: Stanford University, Stanford, Californiia 94305; 5: Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory; 6: Institut für Physikalische Weltrauomsforschung der Fraunhofer Gesellschaft; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p757; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KEATING, G. M.
AU  - TOLSON, R. H.
AU  - HINSON, E. W.
T1  - Venus Thermosphere and Exosphere: First Satellite Drag Measurements of an Extraterrestrial Atmosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 772
EP  - 774
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Atmospheric drag measurements obtained from the study of the orbital decay of Pioneer Venus 1 indicate that atomic oxygen predominates in the Venus atmosphere above 160 kilometers. Drag measurements give evidence that conditions characteristic of a planetary thermosphere disappear near sundown, with inferred exospheric temperatutres sharply dropping from approximately 300 K to less than 150 K. Observed densities are generally lower than given by theoretical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85199374; KEATING, G. M. 1; TOLSON, R. H. 1; HINSON, E. W. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Old Dominion University Research Foundation, Norfolk, Virginia 23508; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p772; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEIFF, ALVIN
AU  - KIRK, DONN B.
AU  - SOMMER, SIMON C.
AU  - YOUNG, RICHARD E.
AU  - BLANCHARD, ROBERT C.
AU  - JUERGENS, DAVID W.
AU  - LEPETICH, JOSEPH E.
AU  - INTRIERI, PETER F.
AU  - FINDLAY, JOHN T.
AU  - DERR, JOHN S.
T1  - Structure of the Atmosphere of Venus up to 110 Kilometers: Preliminary Results from the Four Pioneer Venus Entry Probes.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 787
EP  - 790
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The four Pioneer Venus entry probes transmitted data of good quality on the structure of the atmosphere below the clouds. Contrast of the structure below an altitude of 50 kilometers at four widely separated locations was found to be no more than a few degrees Kelvin, with slightly warmer temperatures at 30° south latitude than at 5° or 60° north. The atmosphere was stably stratified above 15 or 20 kilometers, indicating that the near-adiabatic state is maintained by the general circulation. The profiles move from near-adiabatic toward radiative equilibrium at altitudes above 40 kilometers. There appears to be a region of vertical convection above the dense cloud deck, which lies at 47.5 to 49 kilometers and at temperature levels near 360 K. The atmosphere is nearly isothermal around 100 kilometers (175 to 180 K) and appears to exhibit a sizable temperature wave between 60 and 70 kilometers. This is where the 4-day wind is believed to occur. The temperature wave may be related to some of the wavelike phenomena seen in Mariner 10 ultraviolet photographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85199380; SEIFF, ALVIN 1; KIRK, DONN B. 1; SOMMER, SIMON C. 1; YOUNG, RICHARD E. 1; BLANCHARD, ROBERT C. 2; JUERGENS, DAVID W. 3; LEPETICH, JOSEPH E. 4; INTRIERI, PETER F. 4; FINDLAY, JOHN T. 5; DERR, JOHN S. 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 3: Ball Aerospace Systems Divisions, Western Laboratories, Gardena, California 90247; 4: NASA Ames Research Center; 5: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, Virginia 23666; 6: National Earthquake Information Service, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p787; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RAGENT, BORIS
AU  - BLAMONT, JACQUES
T1  - Preliminary Results of the Pioneer Venus Nephelometer Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 790
EP  - 792
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Preliminary results of the nephelometer experiments conducted aboard the large sounder, day, north, and night probes of the Pioneer Venus mission are presented. The vertical structures of the Venus clouds observed simultaneously at each of the four locations from altitudes of from 63 kilometers to the surface are compared, and similarities and differences are noted. Tentative results from attempting to use the data from the nephelometer and cloud particle size spectrometer on the sounder probe to identify the indices of refraction of cloud particles in various regions of the Venus clouds are reported. Finally the nephelometer readings for the day probe during impact on the surface of Venus are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85199381; RAGENT, BORIS 1; BLAMONT, JACQUES 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Service d'Aeronomie du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91 Verrieres, France; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p790; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BOESE, ROBERT W.
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - SILVAGGIO, PETER M.
T1  - First Results from the Large Probe Infrared Radiometer Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 797
EP  - 800
SN  - 00368075
AB  - During the descent to the surface of Venus, the large probe infrared radiometer measured the net thermal radiative flux in several spectral bandpasses. Preliminary analysis has permitted us to estimate (i) the infrared extinction coefficient profile attributable to aerosols, with respect to their visible profile, in the upper atmosphere of Venus and (ii) the water vapor mixing ratio below the clouds. An indication of the composition of a multicomponent cloud is seen in the data from the spectral bandpass from 6 to 7 micrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85199384; BOESE, ROBERT W. 1; POLLACK, JAMES B. 1; SILVAGGIO, PETER M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94305; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p797; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - OYAMA, VANCE I.
AU  - CARLE, GLENN C.
AU  - WOELLER, FRITZ
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
T1  - Venus Lower Atmospheric Composition: Analysis by Gas Chromatography.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 802
EP  - 805
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The first gas chromatographic analysis of the lower atmosphere of Venus is reported. Three atmospheric samples were analyzed. The third of these samples showed carbon dioxide (96.4 percent), molecular nitrogen (3.41 percent), water vapor (0.135 percent), molecular oxygen [69.3 parts per million (ppm)], argon (18.6 ppm), neon (4.31 ppm), and sulfur dioxide (186 ppm). The amounts of water vapor and sulfur dioxide detected are roughly compatible with the requirements of greenhouse models of the high surface temperature of Venus. The large positive gradient of sulfur dioxide, molecular oxygen, and water vapor from the cloud tops to their bottoms, as implied by Earth-based observations and these results, gives added support for the presence of major quantities of aqueous sulfuric acid in the clouds. A comparison of the inventory of inert gases found in the atmospheres of Venus, Earth, and Mars suggests that these components are due to outgassing from the planetary interiors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85199386; OYAMA, VANCE I. 1; CARLE, GLENN C. 1; WOELLER, FRITZ 1; POLLACK, JAMES B. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p802; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - COUNSELMAN III, C. C.
AU  - GOUREVITCH, S. A.
AU  - KING, R. W.
AU  - PETTENGILL, G. H.
AU  - PRINN, R. G.
AU  - SHAPIRO, I. I.
AU  - MILLER, R. B.
AU  - SMITH, J. R.
AU  - RAMOS, R.
AU  - LIEBRECHT, P.
T1  - Wind Velocities on Venus:Vector Determination by Radio Interferometry.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 805
EP  - 806
SN  - 00368075
AB  - To determine the wind directions and speeds on Venus, as each Pioneer probe fell to the surface we tracked its motion in three dimensions using a combination of Doppler and long-baseline radio interferometric methods. Preliminary results from this tracking, coupled with results from test observations of other spacecraft, enable us to estimate the uncertainties of our eventual determinations of the velocity vectors of the probes with respect to Venus. For altitudes below about 65 kilometers and with time-averaging over 100-second intervals, all three components of the velocity should have errors of the order of 0.3 meter per second or less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85199387; COUNSELMAN III, C. C. 1; GOUREVITCH, S. A. 1; KING, R. W. 1; PETTENGILL, G. H. 1; PRINN, R. G. 1; SHAPIRO, I. I. 1; MILLER, R. B. 2; SMITH, J. R. 2; RAMOS, R. 3; LIEBRECHT, P. 4; Affiliations: 1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, California 91103; 3: Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California 94035; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p805; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PETTENGILL, G. H.
AU  - FORD, P. G.
AU  - BROWN, W. E.
AU  - KAULA, W. M.
AU  - KELLER, C. H.
AU  - MASURSKY, H.
AU  - MCGILL, G. E.
T1  - Pioneer Venus Radar Mapper Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/02/23/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4382
M3  - Article
SP  - 806
EP  - 808
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Altimetry and radar scattering data for Venus, obtained from 10 of the first 13 orbits of the Pioneer Venus orbiter, have disclosed what appears to be a rift valley having vertical relief of up to 7 kilometers, as well as a neighboring, gently rolling plain. Planetary oblateness appears unlikely to exceed 1/2500 and may be substantially smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85199388; PETTENGILL, G. H. 1; FORD, P. G. 1; BROWN, W. E. 2; KAULA, W. M. 3; KELLER, C. H. 4; MASURSKY, H. 5; MCGILL, G. E. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; 3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90024; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 5: Branch of Astrogeology, United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001; 6: Department of Geology and Geography, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003; Issue Info: 2/23/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4382, p806; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Souza, Kenneth A.
T1  - The Joint US-USSR Biological Satellite Program.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1979/03//
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 160
EP  - 167
SN  - 00063568
AB  - The article presents detailed information about the Joint U.S.-U.S.S.R. Biological Satellite Program. For the program, a Joint Working Group for Space Biology and Medicine was established, which continues to meet periodically to exchange information obtained during spaceflight and to discuss problems and areas of mutual scientific interest. Under the aegis of this program, a variety of U.S. biological and radiation physics experiments were flown on two unmanned Soviet satellites, Cosmos 782 and Cosmos 936. The experiments flown on Cosmos 782 and Cosmos 936 were designed to determine the effects of spaceflight on a variety of biological species, including animals, plants, fish, and insects.
KW  - Animals
KW  - Plants
KW  - Artificial satellites in biology -- International cooperation
KW  - Cosmos satellites
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Scientific satellites
KW  - Space sciences
KW  - Experiments
KW  - Soviet Union
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 28049370; Souza, Kenneth A. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Biosystems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035;  Source Info: Mar1979, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p160; Thesaurus Term: Animals; Thesaurus Term: Plants; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in biology -- International cooperation; Subject Term: Cosmos satellites; Subject Term: Space flight; Subject Term: Scientific satellites; Subject Term: Space sciences; Subject Term: Experiments; Subject: Soviet Union; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6742
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morey, Emily R.
T1  - Spaceflight and Bone Turnover: Correlation with a New Rat Model of Weightlessness.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1979/03//
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 168
EP  - 172
SN  - 00063568
AB  - The article presents information on the biomedical effects of space flights on human bones. According to a study called Skylab, urinary calcium increased immediately during flight and stabilized within 30 days at a level about twice the preflight value. It was found that fecal calcium decreased initially, and then continued to rise throughout the flights with no indication of abating while the calcium balance returned to normal in the postflight period. In missions of longer duration, unabated calcium loss could cause not only a decrement in skeletal strength but also perturbations in many physiological systems dependent on calcium for normal function.
KW  - Space flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - Bones
KW  - Calcium in the body
KW  - Gravity -- Physiological effect
KW  - Bone
KW  - Urinary organs
KW  - Space biology
KW  - Musculoskeletal system
KW  - Medical sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 28049371; Morey, Emily R. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Biomedical Research Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035;  Source Info: Mar1979, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p168; Subject Term: Space flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: Bones; Subject Term: Calcium in the body; Subject Term: Gravity -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: Bone; Subject Term: Urinary organs; Subject Term: Space biology; Subject Term: Musculoskeletal system; Subject Term: Medical sciences; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3902
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bokhari, Shahid H.
T1  - 
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1979/03//
Y1  - 1979/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 341
EP  - 349
SN  - 00985589
AB  - The problem of finding an optimal dynamic assignment of a modular program for a two-processor system is analyzed. Stone's formulation of the static assignment problem is extended to include the cost of dynamically reassigning a module from one processor to the other and the cost of module residence without execution. By relocating modules during the course of program execution, changes in the locality of the program can be taken into account. It is shown that network flow algorithms may he used to find a dynamic assignment that minimizes the sum of module execution costs, module residence costs, intermodule communication costs, and module reassignment costs. Techniques for reducing the size of the problem are described for the case where the costs of residence are negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - MULTIPROCESSORS
N1  - Accession Number: 14419852; Source Information: Mar79, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p341; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: MULTIPROCESSORS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 1 Chart; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PEALE, S. J.
AU  - CASSEN, P.
AU  - REYNOLDS, R. T.
T1  - Melting of lo by Tidal Dissipation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/03/02/
VL  - 203
IS  - 4383
M3  - Article
SP  - 892
EP  - 894
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The dissipation of tidal energy in Jupiter's satellite Jo is likely to have melted a majorfraction of the mass. Consequences of a largely molten interior may be evident in pictures of Io's surface returned by Voyager I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85268799; PEALE, S. J. 1; CASSEN, P. 2; REYNOLDS, R. T. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106; 2: Theoretical and Planetary Studies Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 3/ 2/1979, Vol. 203 Issue 4383, p892; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sonnenfeld, G.
AU  - Mandel, A. D.
AU  - Merigan, T. C.
T1  - In vitro production and cellular origin of murine type II interferon.
JO  - Immunology
JF  - Immunology
Y1  - 1979/04//
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 883
EP  - 890
SN  - 00192805
AB  - Antigen-specific type II interferon was produced in vitro by harvesting supernatants of spleen cell cultures from Swiss-Webster mice sensitized with Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG and challenged with old tuberculin. Treatment of C3H mouse spleen cell cultures with appropriate anti-la, anti-IgG, anti-Thy-1 or anti-Ly-2,3 sera resulted in a significant decrease in production of type II interferon. Removal of nylon wool adherent cells or cells with histamine receptors by column chromatography similarly caused reduced production of type II interferon. Recombination of spleen cell cultures treated with anti-1a and anti-Thy-1 sera or of cells treated with anti-IgG and anti-Thy-1 resulted in restored production of type II interferon. Interferon production was also restored by combination of cells passed through histamine columns with anti-Ia treated cells, or those passed through nylon wool columns with anti-Thy-1 treated cells. Anti-Ly-1 serum treatment had no effect on interferon production. Removal of plastic-adherent cells or cells that had phagocytosed carbonyl iron also decreased interferon production, suggesting that macrophages were also involved in type II interferon production. Recombination of non-adherent spleen cells with anti-1a and anti-Thy-1 sera treated spleen cells, however, did not restore interferon production, suggesting that other cells in addition to macrophages are depleted by the adherence procedure. These findings indicate that type II interferon is produced by suppressor or cytotoxic (Ly-2,3+) T lymphocytes in co-operation with one or two additional cell types: (i) B lymphocytes, and (ii) macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - ANTIGENS
KW  - INTERFERONS
KW  - SPLEEN
KW  - CELL culture
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - BCG vaccination
KW  - TUBERCULIN
N1  - Accession Number: 23941779; Sonnenfeld, G. 1; Mandel, A. D. 2; Merigan, T. C. 1; Source Information: Apr79, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p883; Subject: ANTIGENS; Subject: INTERFERONS; Subject: SPLEEN; Subject: CELL culture; Subject: MICE as laboratory animals; Subject: BCG vaccination; Subject: TUBERCULIN; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, Kenneth L.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Guinness, Edward A.
AU  - Bragg, Susan L.
AU  - Wall, Stephen D.
AU  - Carlston, Carl E.
AU  - Pidek, Deborah G.
T1  - One Mars Year: Viking Lander Imaging Observations.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/05/25/
VL  - 204
IS  - 4395
M3  - Article
SP  - 799
EP  - 806
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85195539; Jones, Kenneth L. 1; Arvidson, Raymond E. 2; Guinness, Edward A. 3; Bragg, Susan L. 3; Wall, Stephen D. 4; Carlston, Carl E. 5; Pidek, Deborah G. 6; Affiliations: 1: President of Planetary Research, Inc., Pasadena, California 91106; 2: Associate Professor McDonnell Center, Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; 3: Graduate Student, McDonnell Center, Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130; 4: Aerospace Technoloaist, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 5: Staff engineer, Martin Marietta Corporation, Denver, Colorado 80201; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109; Issue Info: 5/25/1979, Vol. 204 Issue 4395, p799; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SMITH, BRADFORD A.
AU  - SODERBLOM, LAURENCE A.
AU  - JOHNSON, TORRENCE V.
AU  - INGERSOLL, ANDREW P.
AU  - COLLINS, STEWART A.
AU  - SHOEMAKER, EUGENE M.
AU  - HUNT, G. E.
AU  - MASURSKY, HAROLD
AU  - CARR, MICHAEL H.
AU  - DAVIES, MERTON E.
AU  - COOK II, ALLAN F.
AU  - BOYCE, JOSEPH
AU  - DANIELSON, G. EDWARD
AU  - OWEN, TOBIAS
AU  - SAGAN, CARL
AU  - BEEBE, RETA F.
AU  - VEVERKA, JOSEPH
AU  - STROM, ROBERT G.
AU  - MCCAULEY, JOHN F.
AU  - MORRISON, DAVID
T1  - The Jupiter System Through the Eyes of Voyager 1.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/06//6/ 1/1979
VL  - 204
IS  - 4396
M3  - Article
SP  - 951
EP  - 972
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The cameras aboard Voyager I have provided a closeup view of the Jupiter system, revealing heretofore unknown characteristics and phenomena associated with the planet's atmosphere and the surfaces of its five major satellites. On Jupiter itself, atmospheric motions-the interaction of cloud systems-display complex vorticity. On its dark side, lightning and auroras are observed. A ring was discovered surrounding Jupiter. The satellite surfaces display dramatiC differences including extensive active volcanism on Io, complex tectonism on Ganymede and possibly Europa, and flattened remnants of enormous impact features on Callisto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85195619; SMITH, BRADFORD A. 1; SODERBLOM, LAURENCE A. 2; JOHNSON, TORRENCE V. 3; INGERSOLL, ANDREW P. 4; COLLINS, STEWART A. 5; SHOEMAKER, EUGENE M. 6; HUNT, G. E. 7; MASURSKY, HAROLD 6; CARR, MICHAEL H. 8; DAVIES, MERTON E. 9; COOK II, ALLAN F. 10; BOYCE, JOSEPH 6; DANIELSON, G. EDWARD 11; OWEN, TOBIAS 12; SAGAN, CARL 13; BEEBE, RETA F. 14; VEVERKA, JOSEPH 15; STROM, ROBERT G. 16; MCCAULEY, JOHN F. 6; MORRISON, DAVID 17; Affiliations: 1: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratorv, Pasadena, California 91103; 4: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff; 7: University College London, London WC IE 6BT, England; 8: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; 9: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California 90406; 10: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; 11: California Institute of Technology; 12: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11790; 13: Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; 14: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003; 15: Cornell University; 16: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona; 17: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822; Issue Info: 6/ 1/1979, Vol. 204 Issue 4396, p951; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CALLIS, LINWOOD B.
AU  - NATARAJAN, MURALI
AU  - NEALY, JOHN E.
T1  - Ozone and Temperature Trends Associated with the 11-Year Solar Cycle.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/06/22/
VL  - 204
IS  - 4399
M3  - Article
SP  - 1303
EP  - 1306
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Evidence is presented which suggests that trends in the ozone concentration and stratospheric temperature, reported between the early 1960's and 1976, are to a large extent due to solar ultravioletflux variability associated with the 11-year solar cycle. Radiative-convective-photochemical simulations of ozone and temperature variations have been made with a solar ultraviolet flux variability model. Results for temperatures and ozone concentrations, when compared with published data, show good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85195738; CALLIS, LINWOOD B. 1; NATARAJAN, MURALI 2; NEALY, JOHN E. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: George Washington University, NASA Langley Research Center; 3: NASA Langley Research Center; Issue Info: 6/22/1979, Vol. 204 Issue 4399, p1303; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WILKERSON, J. C.
AU  - BROWN, R. A.
AU  - CARDONE, V. J.
AU  - COONS, R. E.
AU  - LOOMIS, A. A.
AU  - OVERLAND, J. E.
AU  - PETEHERYCH, S.
AU  - PIERSON, W. J.
AU  - WOICESHYN, P. M.
AU  - WURTELE, M. G.
T1  - Surface Observations for the Evaluation of Geophysical Measurements from Seasat.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/06/29/
VL  - 204
IS  - 4400
M3  - Article
SP  - 1408
EP  - 1410
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The surface observations used in the initial assessment of Seasat are discussed with emphasis on their ability to describe the synoptic-scale winds over the ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85195783; WILKERSON, J. C. 1; BROWN, R. A. 2; CARDONE, V. J. 3; COONS, R. E. 4; LOOMIS, A. A. 4; OVERLAND, J. E. 5; PETEHERYCH, S. 6; PIERSON, W. J. 7; WOICESHYN, P. M. 8; WURTELE, M. G. 9; Affiliations: 1: National Environmental Satellite Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Camp Springs, Maryland 20023; 2: University of Washington, Seattle 98109; 3: Oceanweather, Inc., White Plains, New York 10601; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 5: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98109; 6: Atmospheric Environmental Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4; 7: City University of New York, New York 10031; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 9: University of California, Los Angeles 90024; Issue Info: 6/29/1979, Vol. 204 Issue 4400, p1408; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - JONES, W. LINWOOD
AU  - BLACK, P. G.
AU  - BOGGS, D. M.
AU  - BRACALENTE, E. M.
AU  - BROWN, R. A.
AU  - DOME, G.
AU  - ERNST, J. A.
AU  - HALBERSTAM, I. M.
AU  - OVERLAND, J. E.
AU  - PETEHERYCH, S.
AU  - PIERSON, W. J.
AU  - WENTZ, F. J.
AU  - WOICESHYN, P. M.
AU  - WURTELE, M. G.
T1  - Seasat Scatterometer: Results of the Gulf of Alaska Workshop.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/06/29/
VL  - 204
IS  - 4400
M3  - Article
SP  - 1413
EP  - 1415
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Seasat microwave scatterometer was designed to measure, globally and in nearly all weather, wind speed to an accuracy of ±2 meters per second and wind direction to ± 20° in two swaths 500 kilometers wide on either side of the spacecraft. For two operating modes in rain-free conditions, a limited number of comparisons to high-quality surface truth indicates that these specifications may have been met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85195785; JONES, W. LINWOOD 1; BLACK, P. G. 2; BOGGS, D. M. 3; BRACALENTE, E. M. 4; BROWN, R. A. 5; DOME, G. 6; ERNST, J. A. 7; HALBERSTAM, I. M. 8; OVERLAND, J. E. 9; PETEHERYCH, S. 10; PIERSON, W. J. 11; WENTZ, F. J. 12; WOICESHYN, P. M. 8; WURTELE, M. G. 13; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Hurricane and Experimental Meteorology Laboratory, Coral Gables, Florida 33124; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 4: NASA Langley Research Center; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195; 6: Center for Research, Inc., University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045; 7: National Environmental Satellite Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C. 20233; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 9: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington 98105; 10: Atmospheric Environmental Service, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4; 11: Institute of Marine and Atmospheric Science, City University of New York, New York 10031; 12: Frank J. Wentz and Associates, San Francisco, California 94105; 13: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90024; Issue Info: 6/29/1979, Vol. 204 Issue 4400, p1413; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LIPES, R. G.
AU  - BERNSTEIN, R. L.
AU  - CARDONE, V. J.
AU  - KATSAROS, K. B.
AU  - NJOKU, E. G.
AU  - RILEY, A. L.
AU  - ROSS, D. B.
AU  - SWIFT, C. T.
AU  - WENTZ, F. J.
T1  - Seasat Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer: Results of the Gulf of Alaska Workshop.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/06/29/
VL  - 204
IS  - 4400
M3  - Article
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1417
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The scanning multichannel microwave radiometer results for the Gulfof Alaska Seasat Experiment Workshop are quite encouraging, especially in view of the immaturity of the data-processing algorithms. For open ocean, rain-free cells of highest-quality surface truth wind determinations exhibit standard deviations of 3 meters per second about a bias of 1.5 meters per second. The sea-surface temperature shows a standard deviation of approximately 1.5°C about a bias of 3° to 5°C under a variety of changing meteorological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85195786; LIPES, R. G. 1; BERNSTEIN, R. L. 2; CARDONE, V. J. 3; KATSAROS, K. B. 4; NJOKU, E. G. 5; RILEY, A. L. 5; ROSS, D. B. 6; SWIFT, C. T. 7; WENTZ, F. J. 8; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 2: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093; 3: Oceanweather, Inc., New York 10601; 4: University of Washington, Seattle 98195; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 6: Atlantic Oceanic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, Florida 33149; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 8: Frank J. Wentz and Associates, San Francisco, California 94103; Issue Info: 6/29/1979, Vol. 204 Issue 4400, p1415; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEIFF, ALVIN
AU  - KIRK, DONN B.
AU  - YOUNG, RICHARD E.
AU  - SOMMER, SIMON C.
AU  - BLANCHARD, ROB3ERT C.
AU  - FINDLAY, JOHN T.
AU  - KELLY, G. M.
T1  - Thermal Contrast in the Atmosphere of Venus: Initial Appraisal from Pioneer Venus Probe Data.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/07/06/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4401
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 49
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The altitude profiles of temperature and pressure measured during the descent of the four Pioneer Venus probes show small contrast below the clouds but significant differences within the clouds at altitudes from 45 to 61 kilometers. At 60 kilometers, the probe which entered at 59.3° north latitude sensed temperatures 25 K below those of the lower latitude probes, and a sizable difference persisted down to and slightly below the cloud base. It also sensed pressure below those of the other probes by as much as 49 millibars at a mean pressure of 200 millibars. The measured pressure differences are consistent with cyclostrophic balance of zonal winds ranging from 130 + 20 meters per second at 60 kilometers to 60 ± 17 meters per second at 40 kilometers, with evidence in addition of a nonaxisymmetric component of the winds. The 'clouds were found to be 10 to 20 K warmer than the extended profiles of the lower atmosphere, and the middle cloud is convectively unstable. Both phenomena are attributed to the absorption of thermal radiation from below. Above the clouds, in the lower stratosphere, the lapse rate decreases abruptly to 3.5 K per kilometer, and a superimposed wave is evident. At 100 kilometers, the temperature is minimum, with a mean value of about 170 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268883; SEIFF, ALVIN 1; KIRK, DONN B. 1; YOUNG, RICHARD E. 1; SOMMER, SIMON C. 1; BLANCHARD, ROB3ERT C. 2; FINDLAY, JOHN T. 3; KELLY, G. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 3: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Issue Info: 7/ 6/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4401, p46; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - OYAMA, V. I.
AU  - CARLE, G. C.
AU  - WOELLER, F.
AU  - POLLACK, J. B.
T1  - Laboratory Corroboration of the Pioneer Venus Gas Chromatograph Analyses.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/07/06/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4401
M3  - Article
SP  - 52
EP  - 54
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Laboratory simulation and tests of the inlet sampling system and columns of the Pioneer Venus gas chromatograph show that the sensitivity to argon is not diminished after the column regeneration step, argon isotopes are not separated, oxygen and sulfur dioxide are not produced in the inlet sampling system from sulfur trioxide, and sulfur trioxide is not formed from sulfur dioxide and oxygen. Comparisons of the volatile inventory of Venus and Earth imply similar efficiencies of early outgassing but a lower efficiency for later outgassing in the case of Venus. The high oxidation state of the Venus atmosphere in the region of cloud formation may prohibit the generation of elemental sulfur particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268885; OYAMA, V. I. 1; CARLE, G. C. 1; WOELLER, F. 1; POLLACK, J. B. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 7/ 6/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4401, p52; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - BLACK, DAVID C.
T1  - Implications of the Gas Compositional Measurements of Pioneer Venus for the Origin of Planetary Atmospheres.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/07/06/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4401
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 59
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Comparisons are made between the volatile inventories of the terrestrial planets, including Pioneer Venus data, and the predictions of three classes of theories for the origin of planetary atmospheres. Serious difficulties arise for the primary atmosphere and external source hypotheses. The grain accretion hypothesis can account for the trends in the volatile inventory from Venus to Earth to Mars, if volatiles were incorporated into planet-forming grains at nearly the same temperature for all of these planets, but at systematically lower pressures in the regions of planet formation farther from the center of the solar nebula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268887; POLLACK, JAMES B. 1; BLACK, DAVID C. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 7/ 6/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4401, p56; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KEATING, G. M.
AU  - TAYLOR, F. W.
AU  - NICHOLSON, J. Y.
AU  - HINSON, E. W.
T1  - Short-Term Cyclic Variations and Diurnal Variations of the Venus Upper Atmosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/07/06/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4401
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 64
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Measurements of satellite drag obtained from the orbital decay of the Pioneer Venus orbiter on the nightside of Venus indicate an atomic oxygen atmosphere near 155 kilometers (an order of magnitude less dense than expected) with nighttime inferred exospheric temperatures averaging as low as 110 K. Densities at these altitudes decrease sharply from day to night, contrary to the predicted nighttime oxygen bulge. This decrease may be indicative of an unexpectedly weak transport across the evening terminator or a very strong heat sink at night that is possibly related to vertical eddy heat transport. Large periodic oscillations in density and inferred exospheric temperature are detected with a period of 5 to 6 days. We have subsequently discovered temperature variations of the same period in the stratosphere, which are tentatively interpreted as planetary-scale waves that may propagate upward producing the periodic variations in the thermosphere and exosphere. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the temperature oscillations associated with these waves apparently increases with altitude approximately as follows: 1 K (70 kilometers), 3 K (90 kilometers), 40 K (155 kilometers). Inferred nighttime exospheric temperatures are found to be asymmetric relative to midnight, minimizing on the morning side. The possibility of superrotation of the thermosphere, and exosphere is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268889; KEATING, G. M. 1; TAYLOR, F. W. 2; NICHOLSON, J. Y. 3; HINSON, E. W. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 3: Systems and Applied Sciences Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Issue Info: 7/ 6/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4401, p62; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BLAMONT, JACQUES
AU  - RAGENT, BORIS
T1  - Further Results of the Pioneer Venus Nephelometer Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/07/06/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4401
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 70
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Backscattering data for the nephelometer experiments conducted aboard the Pioneer Venus mission probes, including data up to the highest altitudes measured by the probes, are presented. Afew small signals were detected below the main cloud deck. Ambient radiation was measured at near-ultraviolet and visible wavelengths; the variation of extinction of near-ultraviolet with altitude is Sinferred. Ambient radiance decreased more rapidly at 530 than at 745 nanometers in the lower atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268891; BLAMONT, JACQUES 1; RAGENT, BORIS 2; Affiliations: 1: Service d'Aeronomie du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, -91 Verrieres, France; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 7/ 6/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4401, p67; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - RAGENT, BORIS
AU  - BOESE, ROBERT
AU  - TOMASKO, MARTIN G.
AU  - BLAMONT, JACQUES
AU  - KNOLLENBERG, ROBERT G.
AU  - ESPOSITO, LARRY W.
AU  - STEWART, A. IAN
AU  - TRAVIS, LAWRENCE
T1  - Nature of the Ultraviolet Absorber in the Venus Clouds: Inferences Based on Pioneer Venus Data.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/07/06/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4401
M3  - Article
SP  - 76
EP  - 79
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Several photometric measurements of Venus made from the Pioneer Venus orbiter and probes indicate that solar near-ultraviolet radiation is being absorbed throughout much of the main cloud region, but little above the clouds or within the first one or two optical depths. Radiative transfer calculations were carried out to simulate both Pioneer Venus and ground-based data for a number of proposed cloud compositions. This comparison rules out models invoking nitrogen dioxide, meteoritic material, and volatile metals as the source of the ultraviolet absorption. Models involving either small (- 1 micrometer) or large (- 10 micrometers) sulfur particles have some serious difficulties, while ones invoking sulfur dioxide gas appear to be promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268894; POLLACK, JAMES B. 1; RAGENT, BORIS 1; BOESE, ROBERT 1; TOMASKO, MARTIN G. 2; BLAMONT, JACQUES 3; KNOLLENBERG, ROBERT G. 4; ESPOSITO, LARRY W. 5; STEWART, A. IAN 5; TRAVIS, LAWRENCE 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; 3: Service d'Aeronomiie du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 91 Verrieres, France; 4: Particle Measuring Systems, Inc., Boulder, Colorado 80301; 5: University of Colorado, Boulder 80309; 6: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York 10025; Issue Info: 7/ 6/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4401, p76; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KNUDSEN, W. C.
AU  - SPENNER, K.
AU  - WHITTEN, R. C.
AU  - SPREITER, J. R.
AU  - MILLER, K. L.
AU  - NOVAK, V.
T1  - Thermal Structure and Energy Influx to the Day- and Nightside Venus Ionosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/07/06/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4401
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 107
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Pioneer Venus in situ measurements made with the retarding potential analyzer reveal strong variations in the nightside ionospheric plasma density from location to location in some orbits and from orbit to orbit. The ionopause is evident at night as a relatively abrupt decrease in the thermal plasma concentration from a few hundred to ten orfewer ions per cubic centimeter. The nightside ion and electron temperatures above an altitude of 250 kilometers, within the ionosphere and away from the terminator, are comparable in magnitude and have a value at the ionopause of approximately 8000 K. The electron temperature increases from a few tens of thousands of degrees Kelvin just outside the ionopause to several hundreds of thousands of degrees Kelvin further into the shocked solar wind. The coldest ion temperatures measured at an altitude of about 145 kilometers are 140 to 150 K and are still evidently above the neutral temperature. Preliminary day- and nightside model ion and electron temperature height profiles are compared with measured profiles. To raise the model ion temperature to the measured ion temperature on both day- and nightsides, it was necessary to include an ion energy source of the order of 4 x 10-3 erg per square centimeter per second, presumably Joule heating. The heat flux through the electron gas from the solar wind into the neutral atmosphere averaged over day and night may be as large as 0.05 erg per square centimeter per second. Integrated over the planet surface, this heat flux represents one-tenth of the solar wind energy expended in drag on the sunward ionopause hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268904; KNUDSEN, W. C. 1; SPENNER, K. 2; WHITTEN, R. C. 3; SPREITER, J. R. 4; MILLER, K. L. 5; NOVAK, V. 6; Affiliations: 1: Lockheed Palo Alto Researci Laboratory, Palo Alto, California 94304; 2: Institut für Physikalische Weltraumforschung der Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, 78 Freiburg, West Germany; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 4: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; 5: Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory; 6: Institut für Physikalische Weltraumforschung der Fraunhofer Gesellschaft; Issue Info: 7/ 6/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4401, p105; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - INTRILIGATOR, D. S.
AU  - COLLARD, H. R.
AU  - MIHALOV, J. D.
AU  - WHITTEN, R. C.
AU  - WOLFE, J. H.
T1  - Electron Observations and Ion Flows from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Plasma Analyzer Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/07/06/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4401
M3  - Article
SP  - 116
EP  - 119
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Additional plasma measurements in the vicinity of Venus are presented which show that (i) there are three distinct plasma electron populations -solar wind electrons, ionosheath electrons, and nightside ionosphere electrons; (ii) the plasma ion flow pattern in the ionosheath is consistent with deflected flow around a blunt obstacle; (iii) the plasma ion flow velocities near the downstream wake may, at times, be consistent with the deflection of plasma into the tail, closing the solar wind cavity downstream from Venus at a relatively close distance (within 5 Venus radii) to the planet; (iv) there is a separation between the inner boundary of the downstream ionosheath and the upper boundary of the nightside ionosphere; and (v) during the first 4.5 months in orbit the measured solar wind plasma speed continued to vary, showing a number of high-speed, but generally nonrecurrent, streams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85268908; INTRILIGATOR, D. S. 1; COLLARD, H. R. 2; MIHALOV, J. D. 2; WHITTEN, R. C. 2; WOLFE, J. H. 2; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90007; 2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 7/ 6/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4401, p116; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KVENVOLDEN, KEITH A.
AU  - WELIKY, KAREN
AU  - NELSON, HANS
AU  - DES MARAIS, DAVID J.
T1  - Submarine Seep of Carbon Dioxide in Norton Sound, Alaska.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/09/21/
VL  - 205
IS  - 4412
M3  - Article
SP  - 1264
EP  - 1266
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Earlier workers have described a submarine gas seep in Norton Sound having an unusual mixture of petroleum-like, low-molecular-weight hydrocarbons. Actually, only about 0.04 percent of the seeping gas is hydrocarbons and 98 percent is carbon dioxide. The isotopic compositions of carbon dioxide (8'3CPDB = -2.7 per mil) and methane (13CPDB = -36 per mil, where PDB is the Peedee belemnite standard) indicate that geothermal processes are active here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85195863; KVENVOLDEN, KEITH A. 1; WELIKY, KAREN 1; NELSON, HANS 1; DES MARAIS, DAVID J. 2; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 9/21/1979, Vol. 205 Issue 4412, p1264; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - TSURUTANI, B. T.
T1  - Anonymous References?
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/11/02/
VL  - 206
IS  - 4418
M3  - Article
SP  - 515
EP  - 515
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85437555; TSURUTANI, B. T. 1; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: 11/ 2/1979, Vol. 206 Issue 4418, preceding p515; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SMITH, BRADFORD A.
AU  - SODERBLOM, LAURENCE A.
AU  - BEEBE, RETA
AU  - BOYCE, JOSEPH
AU  - BRIGGS, GEOFFREY
AU  - CARR, MICHAEL
AU  - COLLJNS, STEWART A.
AU  - COOK II, ALLAN F.
AU  - DANIELSON, G. EDWARD
AU  - DAVIES, MERTON E.
AU  - HUNT, GARRY E.
AU  - INGERSOLL, ANDREW
AU  - JOHNSON, TORRENCE V.
AU  - MASURSKY, HAROLD
AU  - McCAULEY, JOHN
AU  - MORRISON, DAVM
AU  - OWEN, TOBIAS
AU  - SAGAN, CARL
AU  - SHOEMAKER, EUGENE M.
AU  - STROM, ROBERT
T1  - The Galilean Satellites and Jupiter: Voyager 2 Imaging Science Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/11/23/
VL  - 206
IS  - 4421
M3  - Article
SP  - 927
EP  - 950
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Voyager 2, during its encounter with the Jupiter system, provided images that both complement and supplement in important ways the Voyager I images. While many changes have been observed in Jupiter's visual appearance, few, yet significant, changes have been detected in the principal atmospheric currents. Jupiter's ring system is stronglyforward scattering at visual wavelengths and consists of a narrow annulus of highest particle density, within which is a broader region in which the density is lower. On Jo, changes are observed in eruptive activity, plume structure, and surface albedo patterns. Europa's surface retains little or no record of intense meteorite bombardment, but does reveal a complex and, as yet, little-understood system of overlapping bright and dark linear features. Ganymede is found to have at least one unit of heavily cratered terrain on a surface that otherwise suggests widespread tectonism. Except for two large ringed basins, Callisto's entire surface is heavily cratered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85361549; SMITH, BRADFORD A. 1; SODERBLOM, LAURENCE A. 2; BEEBE, RETA 3; BOYCE, JOSEPH 4; BRIGGS, GEOFFREY 4; CARR, MICHAEL 5; COLLJNS, STEWART A. 6; COOK II, ALLAN F. 7; DANIELSON, G. EDWARD 8; DAVIES, MERTON E. 9; HUNT, GARRY E. 10; INGERSOLL, ANDREW 11; JOHNSON, TORRENCE V. 12; MASURSKY, HAROLD 13; McCAULEY, JOHN 13; MORRISON, DAVM 14; OWEN, TOBIAS 15; SAGAN, CARL 16; SHOEMAKER, EUGENE M. 13; STROM, ROBERT 17; Affiliations: 1: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001; 3: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003; 4: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20546; 5: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; 7: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; 8: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125; 9: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California 90406; 10: University College London, London WC I E 6BT, England; 11: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology; 12: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 13: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff; 14: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822; 15: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11790; 16: Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; 17: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona; Issue Info: 11/23/1979, Vol. 206 Issue 4421, p927; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sagan, Carl
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
AU  - Pollack, James B.
T1  - Anthropogenic Albedo Changes and the Earth's Climate.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1979/12/21/
VL  - 206
IS  - 4425
M3  - Article
SP  - 1363
EP  - 1368
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85196008; Sagan, Carl 1; Toon, Owen B. 2; Pollack, James B. 2; Affiliations: 1: David Duncan Professor of Astronomy and Space Sciences and Director, Laboratory for Planetary Studies, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; 2: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 12/21/1979, Vol. 206 Issue 4425, p1363; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Heer, E
T1  - Automated decision-making and problem solving, volume 2. Conference presentations
JO  - Rep. No: L-14396-V-2
JF  - Rep. No: L-14396-V-2
Y1  - 1980///
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1801733; Heer, E 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Va. Langley Research Center;  Source Info: 1980; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 312p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DYER, J. W.
T1  - Pioneer Saturn.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/01/25/
VL  - 207
IS  - 4429
M3  - Article
SP  - 400
EP  - 401
SN  - 00368075
AB  - After leaving the neighborhood of Jupiter in December 1974, the Pioneer 11 spacecraft headed toward Saturn; it encountered Saturn on I September 1979. Its trajectory and general features are described in this report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85266253; DYER, J. W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Pioneer Project, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 1/25/1980, Vol. 207 Issue 4429, p400; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - OPP, ALBERT G.
T1  - Scientific Results from the Pioneer Saturn Encounter: Summary.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/01/25/
VL  - 207
IS  - 4429
M3  - Article
SP  - 401
EP  - 403
SN  - 00368075
AB  - An overview of the Pioneer encounter with Saturn is presented, including a briefdiscussion of the characteristics of the planet and a summary of the scientific results, which are described in detail in the following reports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85266254; OPP, ALBERT G. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C. 20546; Issue Info: 1/25/1980, Vol. 207 Issue 4429, p401; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WOLFE, J. H.
AU  - MIHALOV, J. D.
AU  - COLLARD, H. R.
AU  - MCKIBBIN, D. D.
AU  - FRANK, L. A.
AU  - INTRILIGATOR, D. S.
T1  - Preliminary Results on the Plasma Environment of Saturn from the Pioneer 11 Plasma Analyzer Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/01/25/
VL  - 207
IS  - 4429
M3  - Article
SP  - 403
EP  - 407
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Ames Research Center Pioneer II plasma analyzer experiment provided measurements of the solar wind interaction with Saturn and the character of the plasma environment within Saturn's magnetosphere. It is shown that Saturn has a detached bow shock wave and magnetopause quite similar to those at Earth and Jupiter. The scale size of the interaction region for Saturn is roughly one-third that at Jupiter, but Saturn's magnetosphere is equally responsive to changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure. Saturn's outer magnetosphere is inflated, as evidenced by the observation of large fluxes of corotating plasma. It is postulated that Saturn's magnetosphere may undergo a large expansion when the solar wind pressure is greatly diminished by the presence of Jupiter's extended magnetospheric tail when the two planets are approximately aligned along the same solar radial vector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85266255; WOLFE, J. H. 1; MIHALOV, J. D. 1; COLLARD, H. R. 1; MCKIBBIN, D. D. 1; FRANK, L. A. 2; INTRILIGATOR, D. S. 3; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52240; 3: Physics Department, University of Southern California Los Angeles 90007; Issue Info: 1/25/1980, Vol. 207 Issue 4429, p403; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SMITH, E. J.
AU  - DAVIS JR., L.
AU  - JONES, D. E.
AU  - COLEMAN JR, P. J.
AU  - COLBURN, D. S.
AU  - DYAL, P.
AU  - SONETT, C. P.
T1  - Saturn's Magnetic Field and Magnetosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/01/25/
VL  - 207
IS  - 4429
M3  - Article
SP  - 407
EP  - 410
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Pioneer Saturn vector helium magnetometer has detected a bow shock and magnetopause at Saturn and has provided an accurate characterization of the planetary field. The equatorial surface field is 0.20 gauss, a factor of 3 to 5 times smaller than anticipated on the basis of attempted scalings from Earth and Jupiter. The tilt angle between the magnetic dipole axis and Saturn's rotation axis is < 1°, a surprisingly small value. Spherical harmonic analysis of the measurements shows that the ratio of quadrupole to dipole moments is < 10 percent, indicating that the field is more uniform than those of the Earth or Jupiter and consistent with Saturn having a relatively small core. The field in the outer magnetosphere shows systematic departures from the dipolefield, principally a compression of the field near noon and an equatorial orientation associated with a current sheet near dawn. A hydromagnetic wake resulting from the interaction of Titan with the rotating magnetosphere appears to have been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85266256; SMITH, E. J. 1; DAVIS JR., L. 2; JONES, D. E. 3; COLEMAN JR, P. J. 4; COLBURN, D. S. 5; DYAL, P. 6; SONETT, C. P.; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91103; 2: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125; 3: Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84601; 4: University of California, Los Angeles 90024; 5: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 6: University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; Issue Info: 1/25/1980, Vol. 207 Issue 4429, p407; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HUMES, D. H.
AU  - O'NEAL, R. L.
AU  - KINARD, W. H.
AU  - ALVAREZ, J. M.
T1  - Impact of Saturn Ring Particles on Pioneer 11.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/01/25/
VL  - 207
IS  - 4429
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 444
SN  - 00368075
AB  - particle flux measured by the meteoroid detectors on Pioneer II increased greatly while the spacecraft was near the rings ofSaturn. The data suggest that the particles were associated with the rings and were not interplanetary meteoroids concentrated near the planet by gravitational focusing. The data also suggest that the E ring may be 1800 kilometers thick with an optical thickness greater than 10-6 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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N1  - Accession Number: 85266264; HUMES, D. H. 1; O'NEAL, R. L. 1; KINARD, W. H. 1; ALVAREZ, J. M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23365; Issue Info: 1/25/1980, Vol. 207 Issue 4429, p443; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Edwards, J W
AU  - Smith, J W
T1  - Apparatus for damping operator induced oscillations of a controlled system
JO  - Rep. No: N80-20488/6
JF  - Rep. No: N80-20488/6
Y1  - 1980/02/29/
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The invention relates to an adaptive filter for suppressing operator induced oscillations of a control system such as a pilot controlled aircraft or spacecraft. The novelty of the invention is in the filter arrangements which effectively estimate frequency and amplitude to produce a signal that will provide damping without rate limiting
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1704095; Edwards, J W; Smith, J W 2; Affiliations: 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA;  Source Info: Feb. 29, 1980; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Tom
AU  - Wilde, Louis L.
T1  - MARKET STRUCTURE AND INNOVATION:  A REFORMULATION.
JO  - Quarterly Journal of Economics
JF  - Quarterly Journal of Economics
Y1  - 1980/03//
VL  - 94
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
EP  - 436
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00335533
AB  - This article analyzes the relationship between market structure and innovative activity. It is assumed by economist Glenn Loury that individual firms face a stochastic relationship between investment in research and development (R & D) and the time at which a usable innovation is produced. The interaction of firms competing to introduce the innovation is then modeled as a noncooperative game. The article investigates Loury's specification of the costs of R & D and the effects of an alternative specification. Loury's model focuses on the role of fixed costs while another model was developed which emphasizes the importance of variable costs in the R & D technology. A natural extension of this entire line of research is to allow both fixed and variable costs to be set endogenously by the firms in the market. In this case ambiguous results are likely to arise regarding the relationship between rivalry and an individual firm's investment  in R & D. However, if fixed costs are more important than variable costs in the R & D technology, then an increase in rivalry should lead to a decrease in the equilibrium level of firm investment in R & D. Similarly, if variable costs are more important than fixed, then an increase in rivalry should lead to an increase in the equilibrium level of firm investment in R & D.
KW  - RESEARCH & development
KW  - INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory)
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - COST allocation
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM (Economics)
KW  - NONCOOPERATIVE games (Mathematics)
KW  - LOURY, Glenn
N1  - Accession Number: 4624351; Lee, Tom 1; Wilde, Louis L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 2: California Institute of Technology; Issue Info: Mar80, Vol. 94 Issue 2, p429; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH & development; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory); Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Thesaurus Term: COST allocation; Thesaurus Term: EQUILIBRIUM (Economics); Subject Term: NONCOOPERATIVE games (Mathematics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; People: LOURY, Glenn; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - buh
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - OYAMA, VANCE I.
AU  - CARLE, GLENN C.
AU  - WOELLER, FRITZ
T1  - Corrections in the Pioneer Venus Sounder Probe Gas Chromatographic Analysis of the Lower Venus Atmosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/04/25/
VL  - 208
IS  - 4442
M3  - Article
SP  - 399
EP  - 401
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Misidentification of two peaks from the Pioneer Venus sounder probe gas chromatograph (SPGC), also formerly known as the LGC, gave rise to quantitative errors in the abundances of oxygen, argon, and carbon monoxide. The argon abundance is estimated at 67 parts per million and that of carbon monoxide at 20 parts per million. At this time, no estimatesfor the oxygen abundance can be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85159177; OYAMA, VANCE I. 1; CARLE, GLENN C. 1; WOELLER, FRITZ 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 4/25/1980, Vol. 208 Issue 4442, p399; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Borisenko, V I
AU  - Chesalin, L S
T1  - Description of texts of auxillary programs for processing video information. Part 2: Suodh program of automated separation of quasihomogeneous formations
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-76239
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-76239
Y1  - 1980/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The algorithm, block diagram, complete text, and instructions are given for the use of a computer program to separate formations whose spectral characteristics are constant on the average. The initial material for operating the computer program presented is video information in a standard color-superposition format
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1700594; Borisenko, V I; Chesalin, L S 2; Affiliations: 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC;  Source Info: June 1980; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Hawkins, W W
AU  - Baker, L K
AU  - Pennington, J E
T1  - Conference on automated decision-making and problem solving, the third day. Issues discussed
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81846
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81846
Y1  - 1980/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A conference held at langley research center in may of 1980 brought together university experts from the fields of control theory, operations research, and artificial intelligence to explore current research in automation from both the perspective of their own particular disciplines and from that of interdisciplinary considerations. Informal discussions from the final day of those day conference are summarized.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1603159; Hawkins, W W; Baker, L K 2; Pennington, J E; Affiliations: 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA.;  Source Info: Jun 1980; Note: Update Code: 1600; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Smith, K A
T1  - Evaluation of verification and testing tools for fortran programs
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-80205
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-80205
Y1  - 1980/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Two automated software verification and testing systems were developed for use in the analysis of computer programs. An evaluation of the static analyzer dave and the dynamic analyzer pet, which are used in the analysis of fortran programs on control data (cdc) computers, are described. Both systems were found to be effective and complementary, and are recommended for use in testing fortran programs
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1700775; Smith, K A 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration. Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.;  Source Info: July 1980; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Treins, H L
T1  - Comparison of and conversion between different implementations of the fortran programming language
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81995
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81995
Y1  - 1980/08//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A guideline for computer programmers who may need to exchange fortran programs between several computers is presented. The characteristics of the fortran language available on three different types of computers are outlined, and procedures and other considerations for the transfer of programs from one type of fortran to another are discussed. In addition, the variance of these different fortran's from the fortran 77 standard are discussed.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1704805; Treins, H L 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Greenbelt, Md Goddard Space Flight Center;  Source Info: Aug. 1980; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 55p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SCHRYER, DAVID R.
AU  - COFER III, WESLEY R.
AU  - ROGOwSKI, ROBERT S.
T1  - Synergistic Effects in Trace Gas-Aerosol Interactions.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/08/08/
VL  - 209
IS  - 4457
M3  - Article
SP  - 723
EP  - 723
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 85196421; SCHRYER, DAVID R. 1; COFER III, WESLEY R. 1; ROGOwSKI, ROBERT S. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 8/ 8/1980, Vol. 209 Issue 4457, p723; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - White, O L
T1  - Fy 1980 scientific and technical reports, articles, papers, and presentations
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-78313
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-78313
Y1  - 1980/10//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Abstracts are presented for 60 technical memoranda and 5 technical papers published in technical journals or presented by msfc personnel in fy 1980. Conference and reference publications are cited along with contractor reports and papers cleared for presentation.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1602685; White, O L 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Huntsville, Al. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center.;  Source Info: Oct 1980; Note: Update Code: 1600; Number of Pages: 67p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOVIS, W. A.
AU  - CLARK, D. K.
AU  - ANDERSON, F.
AU  - AUSTIN, R. W.
AU  - WILSON, W. H.
AU  - BAKER, E. T.
AU  - BALL, D.
AU  - GORDON, H. R.
AU  - MUELLER, J. L.
AU  - EL-SAYED, S. Z.
AU  - STURM, B.
AU  - WRIGLEY, R. C.
AU  - YENTSCH, C. S.
T1  - Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner: System Description and Initial Imagery.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/10/03/
VL  - 210
IS  - 4465
M3  - Article
SP  - 60
EP  - 63
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) on Nimbus-7, launched in October 1978, is the only sensor in orbit that is specifically designed to study living marine resources. The initial imagery confirms that CZCS data can be processed to a level that reveals subtle variations in the concentration of phytoplankton pigments. This development has potential applications for the study of large-scale patchiness in phytoplankton distributions, the evolution of spring blooms, water mass boundaries, and mesoscale circulation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85196729; HOVIS, W. A. 1; CLARK, D. K. 1; ANDERSON, F. 2; AUSTIN, R. W. 3; WILSON, W. H. 3; BAKER, E. T. 4; BALL, D. 5; GORDON, H. R. 6; MUELLER, J. L. 7; EL-SAYED, S. Z. 8; STURM, B. 9; WRIGLEY, R. C. 10; YENTSCH, C. S. 11; Affiliations: 1: National Environmental Satellite Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C. 20233; 2: National Research Institute for Oceanology, Cape Town, South Africa; 3: Visibility Laboratory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography San Diego, California 92152; 4: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Seattle, Washington 98105; 5: Computer Sciences Corporation, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910; 6: Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124; 7: Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; 8: Texas A&M University, College Station 77843; 9: Commission, European Communities, Joint Research Center, Ispra Establishment, 21020 Ispra, Italy; 10: National Aeronatics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 11: Bigelow Laboratory, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575; Issue Info: 10/ 3/1980, Vol. 210 Issue 4465, p60; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GORDON, HOWARD R.
AU  - CLARK, DENNIS K.
AU  - MUELLER, JAMES L.
AU  - HOVIS, WARREN A.
T1  - Phytoplankton Pigments from the Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner: Comparisons with Surface Measurements.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1980/10/03/
VL  - 210
IS  - 4465
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 66
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The removal of atmospheric effects from Nimbus-7 Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) images reveals eddy-like ocean turbidity patterns not apparent in the original calibrated images. Comparisons of the phytoplankton pigment concentrations derived from the corrected CZCS radiances with surface measurements agree to within less than 0.5 log C, where C is the sum of the concentrations of chlorophyll a plus phaeopigments a (in milligrams per cubic meter). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85196730; GORDON, HOWARD R. 1; CLARK, DENNIS K. 2; MUELLER, JAMES L. 3; HOVIS, WARREN A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124; 2: National Environmental Satellite Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Washington, D.C. 20233; 3: Laboratory for Atmospheric Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; Issue Info: 10/ 3/1980, Vol. 210 Issue 4465, p63; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
T1  - A review and evaluation of the langley research center's scientific and technical information program. Results of Phase II--knowledge and attitudes survey, LaRC research personnel. Final report
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81893
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81893
Y1  - 1980/11//
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1800325; Pinelli, T E 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Va, Langley Research Center;  Source Info: Nov. 1980; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 73p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Taylor, N L
T1  - Guidelines in preparing computer-generated plots for nasa technical reports with the lrc graphics output system
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81908
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81908
Y1  - 1980/11//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A guideline that deals only with the publication requirements of computer-generated plots is discussed. The rules applied in developing this giudeline and examples illustrating the rules are included.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1704943; Taylor, N L 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Va. Langley Research Center;  Source Info: Nov. 1980; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 119p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grimes, J. E.
AU  - Sukhatme, B. V.
T1  - A Regression-Type Estimator Based on Preliminary Test of Significance.
JO  - Journal of the American Statistical Association
JF  - Journal of the American Statistical Association
Y1  - 1980/12//
VL  - 75
IS  - 372
M3  - Article
SP  - 957
SN  - 01621459
AB  - If data on an auxiliary variable X correlated with the variable Y under study are available, regression-type estimators are often used to estimate the population mean mu[sub y]. An estimator based on a preliminary, test of significance that chooses between the difference estimator and the regression estimator has been proposed. This article investigates the efficiency of the proposed regression-type estimator with respect to other regression-type estimators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Statistical Association is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - Efficiency.
KW  - Preliminary test
KW  - Regression-type estimator
N1  - Accession Number: 4600917; Grimes, J. E. 1,2; Sukhatme, B. V.; Affiliations: 1: Associate Professor, Computer Science and Statistics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407; 2: Consortium Collaborator, NASA Ames Research Center.; Issue Info: Dec80, Vol. 75 Issue 372, p957; Thesaurus Term: REGRESSION analysis; Thesaurus Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Thesaurus Term: STATISTICS; Thesaurus Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Efficiency.; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preliminary test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regression-type estimator; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington
T1  - Index to nasa news releases and speeches, 1980
JO  - Index to nasa news releases and speeches, 1980
JF  - Index to nasa news releases and speeches, 1980
Y1  - 1981///
M3  - Book
AB  - A listing is provided of 201 news releasses distributed by the office of public affairs, nasa headquarters and 10 selected speeches presented by headquarters staff in 1980. subject and name indexes are arranged alphabetically. Indexes to titles, news release numbers and accession numbers are arranged numerically
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1801274; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington; Source Info: 1981; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 131p; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Cross, E M , Dr
AU  - Hinnebusch, P A
T1  - User input and program assessment. An evaluation of the NASA Langley scientific and technical information program
JO  - User input and program assessment. An evaluation of the NASA Langley scientific and technical information program
JF  - User input and program assessment. An evaluation of the NASA Langley scientific and technical information program
Y1  - 1981///
M3  - Book
SP  - 224
EP  - 227
AB  - A comprehensive review and evaluation of the langley research center's scientific and technical information (sti) program was conducted. The project utilized both survey research and systems analysis techniques. The purpose of the review and evaluation project was to assess the usefulness of the present program and to identify areas and ways in which the program could be made more effective. The internal population (langley engineers and scientists) and the external population (engineers and scientists in the academic and industrial community) were surveyed. This paper reports the results of the comparison and relates how the results were used to improve the program
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1700847; Pinelli, T E 1; Cross, E M , Dr 2; Hinnebusch, P A; Affiliations: 1 : Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2 : Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508;  Source Info: 1981, p224; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - NACHTWEY, D. S.
AU  - RUNDEL, R. D.
T1  - A Photobiological Evaluation of Tanning Booths.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/01/23/
VL  - 211
IS  - 4480
M3  - Article
SP  - 405
EP  - 407
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The use of tanning booths as a substitute for natural sunlight is becoming increasingly popular. However, unless careful attention is paid to proper design and maintenance, the radiation field inside a tanning booth can be highly anisotropic. The use of simple, inexpensive ultraviolet radiation meters to measure dosage can lead to serious overexposure. Since the ultraviolet radiation inside a tanning booth has a greater proportion of short wavelengths (less than 300 nanometers) than natural sunlight, the amount of skin cancer-inducing radiation received for a tan may be twice that received for a natural suntan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85267122; NACHTWEY, D. S. 1; RUNDEL, R. D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Biomedical Applications Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058; Issue Info: 1/23/1981, Vol. 211 Issue 4480, p405; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T
T1  - A review and evaluation of the langley research center's scientific and technical information program. Results of Phase IV--Knowledge and Attitudes Survey, Academic and Industrial Personnel. Final Report
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81934
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81934
Y1  - 1981/02//
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1800324; Pinelli, T 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Va. Langley Reserach Center;  Source Info: Feb. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 62p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Hinnebusch, P A
AU  - Taffe, T M
T1  - A review and evaluation of the langley research center's scientific and technical information program. results of phase 5. design and evaluation of sti systems. A selected, annotated bibliography
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81954
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81954
Y1  - 1981/02//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A selected, annotated bibliography of literature citations related to the design and evaluation of sti systems is presented. The use of manual and machine-readable literature searches; the review of numerous books, periodicals reports, and papers; and the selection and annotation of literature citations were required. Approximately 200 citations are classified in four subject areas. The areas include information general; information systems - design and evaluation, including information products and services; information - use and need; and information - economics.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1603325; Pinelli, T E; Hinnebusch, P A 2; Taffe, T M; Affiliations: 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley Research Center.;  Source Info: Feb. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1600; Number of Pages: 78p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
T1  - Measurements of the Volcanic Plumes of Mount St. Helens in the Stratosphere and Troposphere: Introduction.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/02/20/
VL  - 211
IS  - 4484
M3  - Article
SP  - 815
EP  - 816
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 88003249; POLLACK, JAMES B. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 2/20/1981, Vol. 211 Issue 4484, p815; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DANIELSEN, EDWIN F.
T1  - Trajectories of the Mount St. Helens Eruption Plume.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/02/20/
VL  - 211
IS  - 4484
M3  - Article
SP  - 819
EP  - 821
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The plume of the major eruption of Mount St. Helens on 18 May 1980 penetrated 10 to 11 kilometers into the stratosphere, attaining heights of 22 to 23 kilometers. Wind shears rapidly converted the plume from an expanding vertical cone to a thin, slightly inclined lamina. The lamina was extruded zonally in the stratosphere as the lower part moved eastward at jet stream velocities, while the upper part slowly moved westward in the region of nonsteady transition from the westerlies to the summer stratospheric easterlies. Trajectories computed to position the NASA U-2 aircraft for sampling in the plume are described. Plume volume after 8 hours of strong volcanic emission is estimated at 2 x 106 cubic kilometers. Only about I percent of this volume is attributed to the volcano; the rest was entrained from the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 88003251; DANIELSEN, EDWIN F. 1; Affiliations: 1: Theoretical and Planetary Studies, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: 2/20/1981, Vol. 211 Issue 4484, p819; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - INN, EDWARD C. Y.
AU  - VEDDER, JAMES F.
AU  - CONDON, ESTELLE P.
AU  - O'HARA, DEAN
T1  - Gaseous Constituents in the Plume from Eruptions of Mount St. Helens.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/02/20/
VL  - 211
IS  - 4484
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 823
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Measurements in the stratosphere of gaseous constituents in the plume of Mount St. Helens were obtained during five flights of the NASA U-2 aircraft between 19 May and 17 June 1980. Mixing ratios from gas chromatographic measurements on samples acquired about 24 hours after the initial eruption show considerable enhancement over nonvolcanic concentrations for sulfur dioxide (more than 1000 times), methyl chloride (about 10 times), and carbon disulfide (more than 3 times). The mixing ratio of carbonyl sulfide was comparable to nonvolcanic mixing ratios although 3 days later it was enhanced two to three times. Ion chromatography measurements on water-soluble constituents are also reported. Very large concentrations of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate ions were measured, implying large mixing ratios for the water-soluble gaseous constituents from which the anions are derived. Measurements of radon-222 present in the plume are also reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 88003252; INN, EDWARD C. Y. 1; VEDDER, JAMES F. 1; CONDON, ESTELLE P. 1; O'HARA, DEAN 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: LFE Corporation, Richmond, California 94804; Issue Info: 2/20/1981, Vol. 211 Issue 4484, p821; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHUAN, R. L.
AU  - WOODS, D. C.
AU  - MCCORMICK, M. P.
T1  - Characterization of Aerosols from Eruptions of Mount St. Helens.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/02/20/
VL  - 211
IS  - 4484
M3  - Article
SP  - 830
EP  - 832
SN  - 00368075
AB  - of Mount St. Helens as well as morphological and elemental analyses were obtained between 7 April and 7 August 1980. In situ measurements were made in early phreatic and later, minor phreatomagmatic eruption clouds near the vent of the volcano and in plumes injected into the stratosphere from the major eruptions of 18 and 25 May. The phreatic aerosol was characterized by an essentially monomodal size distribution dominated by silicate particles larger than 10 micrometers in diameter. The phreatomagmatic eruption cloud was multimodal; the large size mode consisted of silicate particles and the small size modes were made up of mixtures of sulfuric acid and silicate particles. The stratospheric aerosol from the main eruption exhibited a characteristic narrow single mode with particles less than I micrometer in diameter and nearly all of the mass made up of sulfuric acid droplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 88003257; CHUAN, R. L. 1; WOODS, D. C. 2; MCCORMICK, M. P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Brunswick Corporation, Costa Mesa, California 92692; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Issue Info: 2/20/1981, Vol. 211 Issue 4484, p830; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - FARLOW, NEIL H.
AU  - OBERBECK, VERNE R.
AU  - SNETSINGER, KENNETH G.
AU  - FERRY, GUY V.
AU  - POLKOWSKI, GEORGE
AU  - HAYES, DENNIS M.
T1  - Size Distributions and Mineralogy of Ash Particles in the Stratosphere from Eruptions of Mount St. Helens.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/02/20/
VL  - 211
IS  - 4484
M3  - Article
SP  - 832
EP  - 834
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Samples from the stratosphere obtained by U-2 aircraft after the first three major eruptions of Mount St. Helens contained large globules of liquid acid and ash. Because of their large size, these globules had disappeared from the lower stratosphere by late June 1980, leaving behind only smaller acid droplets. Particlesize distributions and mineralogy of the stratospheric ash grains demonstrate inhomogeneity in the eruption clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 88003258; FARLOW, NEIL H. 1; OBERBECK, VERNE R. 1; SNETSINGER, KENNETH G. 1; FERRY, GUY V. 1; POLKOWSKI, GEORGE 2; HAYES, DENNIS M. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: LFE Corporation, Richmond, California 94804; Issue Info: 2/20/1981, Vol. 211 Issue 4484, p832; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Maine, R E
T1  - User's manual for sync. A FORTRAN program for merging and time-synchronizing data
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81355
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81355
Y1  - 1981/03//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The fortran 77 computer program sync for merging and time synchronizing data is described. The program sync reads one or more input files which contain either synchronous data frames or time-tagged data points, which can be compressed. The program decompresses and time synchronizes the data, correcting for any channel time skews. Interpolation and hold last value synchronization algorithms are available. The output from sync is a file of time synchronized data frames at any requested sample rate
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1704896; Maine, R E 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Edwards, Ca. Hugh L. Dryden Flight Research Center;  Source Info: Mar. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Johnson, W
AU  - Silva, F
T1  - A general algorithm for the construction of contour plots
JO  - Rep. No: NTIS: N81 23813/1
JF  - Rep. No: NTIS: N81 23813/1
Y1  - 1981/04//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - An algorithm is described that performs the task of drawing equal level contours on a plane, which requires interpolation in two dimensions based on data prescribed at points distributed irregularly over the plane. The approach is described in detail. The computer program that implements the algorithm is documented and listed
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1602361; Johnson, W; Silva, F 2; Affiliations: 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA. Ames Research Center;  Source Info: Apr. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1600; Number of Pages: 107p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SMITH, BRADFORD A.
AU  - SODERBLOM, LAURENCE
AU  - BEEBE, RETA
AU  - BOYCE, JOSEPH
AU  - BRIGGS, GEOFFERY
AU  - BUNKER, ANNE
AU  - COLLINS, STEWART A.
AU  - HANSEN, CANDICE J.
AU  - JOHNSON, TORRENCE V.
AU  - MITCHELL, JIM L.
AU  - TERRILE, RICHARD J.
AU  - CARR, MICHAEL
AU  - COOK II, ALLEN F.
AU  - CUZZI, JEFFREY
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - DANIELSON, G. EDWARD
AU  - INGERSOLL, ANDREW
AU  - DAVIES, MERTON E.
AU  - HUNT, GARRY E.
AU  - MASURSKY, HAROLD
T1  - Encounter with Saturn: Voyager 1 Imaging Science Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/04/10/
VL  - 212
IS  - 4491
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 191
SN  - 00368075
AB  - As Voyager I flew through the Saturn system it returned photographs revealing many new and surprising characteristics of this complicated community of bodies. Saturn's atmosphere has numerous, low-contrast, discrete cloud features and a pattern of circulation significantly difflerent from that of Jupiter. Titan is shrouded in a haze layer that varies in thickness and appearance. Among the icy satellites there is considerable variety in density, albedo, and surface morphology and substantial evidence for endogenic surface modification. Trends in density and crater characteristics are quite unlike those of the Galilean satellites. Small inner satellites, three of which were discovered in Voyager images, interact gravitationally with one another and with the ring particles in ways not observed elsewhere in the solar system. Saturn's broad A, B, and C rings contain hundreds of "ringlets," and in the densest portion of the B ring there are numerous nonaxisymmetric features. The narrow F ring has three components which, in at least one instance, are kinked and crisscrossed. Two rings are observed beyond the F ring, and material is seen between the C ring and the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 88003342; SMITH, BRADFORD A. 1; SODERBLOM, LAURENCE 2; BEEBE, RETA 3; BOYCE, JOSEPH 4; BRIGGS, GEOFFERY 4; BUNKER, ANNE 5; COLLINS, STEWART A. 5; HANSEN, CANDICE J. 5; JOHNSON, TORRENCE V. 5; MITCHELL, JIM L. 5; TERRILE, RICHARD J. 5; CARR, MICHAEL 6; COOK II, ALLEN F. 7; CUZZI, JEFFREY 8; POLLACK, JAMES B. 8; DANIELSON, G. EDWARD 9; INGERSOLL, ANDREW 9; DAVIES, MERTON E. 10; HUNT, GARRY E. 11; MASURSKY, HAROLD 12; Affiliations: 1: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001; 3: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003; 4: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20546; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; 7: Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; 8: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 9: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125; 10: Rand Corporation, Santa Monica, California 90406; 11: University College London, London WC JE 6BT, England; 12: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff; Issue Info: 4/10/1981, Vol. 212 Issue 4491, p163; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SYNNOTT, S. P.
AU  - PETERS, C. F.
AU  - SMITH, B. A.
AU  - MORABITO, L. A.
T1  - Orbits of the Small Satellites of Saturn.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/04/10/
VL  - 212
IS  - 4491
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 192
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Orbital parameter values and associated uncertainties determined from Voyager I imaging data for the satellites 1980S1, 1980S3, 1980S6, 1980S26, 1980S27, and 1980S28 are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 88003343; SYNNOTT, S. P. 1; PETERS, C. F. 1; SMITH, B. A. 2; MORABITO, L. A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91103; 2: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: 4/10/1981, Vol. 212 Issue 4491, p191; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Meredith, B D
AU  - Kelly, W L , IV
T1  - A design approach to real-time formatting of high speed multispectral image data
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TP-1870, L-14454
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TP-1870, L-14454
Y1  - 1981/05//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A design approach to formatting multispectral image data in real time at very high data rates is presented for future onboard processing applications. The approach employs a microprocessor-based alternating buffer memory configuration whose formatting function is completely programmable. Data are read from an output buffer in the desired format by applying the proper sequence of addresses to the buffer via a lookup table memory. sensor data can be processed using this approach at rates limited by the buffer memory access time and the buffer switching process delay time. This design offers flexible high speed data processing and benefits from continuing increases in the performance of digital memories.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1704840; Meredith, B D 1; Kelly, W L , IV; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Va. Langley Research Center;  Source Info: May 1981; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Data bases and data base systems related to nasa's aerospace program. a bibliography with indexes
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7045
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7045
Y1  - 1981/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This bibliography lists 1778 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the nasa scientific and technical information system, 1975 through 1980.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1602670; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jun 1981; Note: Update Code: 1600; Number of Pages: 511p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Durachka, R W
T1  - Software engineering standards and practices
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-82148
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-82148
Y1  - 1981/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Guidelines are presented for the preparation of a software development plan. The various phases of a software development project are discussed throughout its life cycle including a general description of the software engineering standards and practices to be followed during each phase
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1704094; Durachka, R W 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Greenbelt, Md. Goddard Space Flight Center;  Source Info: June 1981; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Newsom, J R
AU  - Mukhopadhyay, V
T1  - Application of constrained optimization to active control of aeroelastic response
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-83150
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-83150
Y1  - 1981/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1704143; Newsom, J R; Mukhopadhyay, V 2; Affiliations: 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley Research Center;  Source Info: Jun. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Nasa patent abstracts bibliography: a continuing bibliography, section 1, abstracts. supplement 19
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7039(19)-SEC-1
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7039(19)-SEC-1
Y1  - 1981/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Abstracts are cited for 130 patents and patent applications introduced into the nasa scientific and technical information system durinq the period of january 1981 through july 1981. Each entry consists of a citation, an abstract, and in most cases, a key illustration selected from the patent or application for patent
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1601835; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: July 1981; Note: Update Code: 1600; Number of Pages: 53p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Nasa patent abstracts bibliography: a continuing bibliography, section 2, indexes. supplement 19
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7039(19)-SEC-2
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7039(19)-SEC-2
Y1  - 1981/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Citations of approximately 4,000 patents and patent applications for the period may 1969 through july 1981 are indexed according to subject, invention, source, number, and accession number
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1601836; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: July 1981; Note: Update Code: 1600; Number of Pages: 684p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flinn, Edward A.
T1  - Application of Space Technology to Geodynamics.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/07/03/
VL  - 213
IS  - 4503
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 96
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 84706792; Flinn, Edward A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Chief Scientist, Geodynamics Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20546; Issue Info: 7/ 3/1981, Vol. 213 Issue 4503, p89; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Heer, E
T1  - Automated decision making and problem solving. Volume 1: executive summary
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-CP-2180
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-CP-2180
Y1  - 1981/08//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The may 1980 conference is summarized. Related topics in artificial intelligence, operations research, and control theory were explored. Existing techniques were assessed, trends of development determined, and potential for application in nasa automation technology programs were identified
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1700249; Heer, E 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Va. Langley Research Center;  Source Info: Aug. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 55p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA. Ames Research Center
T1  - Ames research center publications. A continuing bibliography, 1980
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81308, A-8655
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-81308, A-8655
Y1  - 1981/08//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This bibliography lists formal nasa publications, journal articles, books, chapters of books, patents, contractor reports, and computer programs that were issued by ames research center and indexed by scientific and technical aerospace reprots, limited scientific and technical aerospace reports, international aerospace abstracts, and computer program abstracts in 1980. Citations are arranged by directorate, type of publication, and nasa accession numbers. subject, personal author, corporate source, contract number, and report/accession number indexes are provided.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1804058; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA. Ames Research Center; Source Info: Aug. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 261p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Wiker, G A
T1  - Automatic multi-banking of memory for microprocessors
JO  - Rep. No: N82-11785/4
JF  - Rep. No: N82-11785/4
Y1  - 1981/08/07/
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A microprocessor system is provided with added memories to expand its address word length capacity by using indirect addressing instructions of a type having a detectable operations code and dedicating designated address spaces to memory to each of the added memories, one space to a memory.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1700588; Wiker, G A 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Pasadena, Ca. Pasadena Office.;  Source Info: Aug. 7, 1981; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - STEARNS, L. P.
AU  - KUHN, P. M.
AU  - KURKOWSKI, R. L.
AU  - CARACENA, F.
T1  - Clear Air Turbulence: An Airborne Alert System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/08/28/
VL  - 213
IS  - 4511
M3  - Article
SP  - 1007
EP  - 1008
SN  - 00368075
AB  - An infrared radiometer system has been developed that can alert a pilot of an aircraft 2 to 9 minutes in advance of an encounter with clear air turbulence. The time between the warning and the clear air turbulence event varies with the flight altitude of the aircraft. In turbulence-free areas, the incidence of false alarms is found to be less than one in 3.4 hours off light time compared to less than one per 10 hours off light time in areas with turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84691774; STEARNS, L. P. 1; KUHN, P. M. 2; KURKOWSKI, R. L. 3; CARACENA, F. 4; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Research Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80303; 2: Northrop Services, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035; 3: Flight Systems Research Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 4: Environmental Research Laboratories, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder; Issue Info: 8/28/1981, Vol. 213 Issue 4511, p1007; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Hei, D J
AU  - Brookes, R
AU  - Winter, W J
T1  - Modeling the data systems role of the scientist (for the needs command and control task)
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-84028
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-84028
Y1  - 1981/09//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Research was conducted into the command and control activities of the scientists for five space missions: international ultraviolet explorer, solar maximum mission, international sun-earth explorer, high-energy astronomy observatory 1, and atmospheric explorer 5. A basis for developing a generalized description of the scientists' activities was obtained. Because of this characteristic, it was decided that a series of flowcharts would be used. This set of flowcharts constitutes a model of the scientists' activities within the total data system
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1702830; Hei, D J; Brookes, R 2; Winter, W J; Affiliations: 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD. Goddard Space Flight Center;  Source Info: Sept. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 75p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turco, R. P.
AU  - Toon, O. B.
AU  - Park, C.
AU  - Whitten, R. C.
AU  - Pollack, J. B.
AU  - Noerdlinger, P.
T1  - Tunguska Meteor Fall of 1908: Effects on Stratospheric Ozone.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/10/02/
VL  - 214
IS  - 4516
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 23
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 84691847; Turco, R. P. 1; Toon, O. B. 2; Park, C. 2; Whitten, R. C. 2; Pollack, J. B.; Noerdlinger, P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Research scientist, R & D Associates, Marina del Rey, Califoriia 90291; 2: Physicists affiliated with the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 3: Astrophysicist, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824; Issue Info: 10/ 2/1981, Vol. 214 Issue 4516, p19; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MCCORMICK, M. P.
AU  - CHU, W. P.
AU  - GRAMS, G. W.
AU  - HAMILL, PATRICK
AU  - HERMAN, B. M.
AU  - MCMASTER, L. R.
AU  - PEPIN, T. J.
AU  - RUSSELL, P. B.
AU  - STEELE, H. M.
AU  - SWISSLER, T. J.
T1  - High-Latitude Stratospheric Aerosols Measured by the SAM II Satellite System in 1978 and 1979.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1981/10/16/
VL  - 214
IS  - 4518
M3  - Article
SP  - 328
EP  - 331
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Results of the first year of data collection by the SAM (Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement) II satellite system are presented. Almost 10,000 profiles of stratospheric aerosol extinction in the Arctic and Antarctic regions are used to construct plots of weekly averaged aerosol extinction versus altitude and time and stratospheric optical depth versus time. Corresponding temperature fields are presented. These data show striking similarities in the aerosol behavior for corresponding seasons. Wintertime polar stratospheric clouds that are strongly correlated with temperature are documented. They are much more prevalent in the Antarctic stratosphere during the cold austral winter and increase the stratospheric optical depths by as much as an order of magnitude for a period of about 2 months. These clouds might represent a sink for stratospheric water vapor and must be considered in the radiative budget for this region and time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 87477579; MCCORMICK, M. P. 1; CHU, W. P. 1; GRAMS, G. W. 2; HAMILL, PATRICK 3; HERMAN, B. M. 4; MCMASTER, L. R. 5; PEPIN, T. J. 6; RUSSELL, P. B. 7; STEELE, H. M. 8; SWISSLER, T. J. 8; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: School of Geophysical Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30315; 3: Systems and Applied Sciences Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23666; 4: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; 5: NASA Langley Research Center; 6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071; 7: SRI International Menlo Park, California 94025; 8: Systems and Applied Sciences Corporation; Issue Info: 10/16/1981, Vol. 214 Issue 4518, p328; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Mathes, J D
AU  - Dinelli, T E
T1  - Technical communication. Perspectives for eighties, part 2
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-CP-2203-PT-2
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-CP-2203-PT-2
Y1  - 1981/12//
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1700592; Mathes, J D; Dinelli, T E 2; Affiliations: 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley Research Center.;  Source Info: Dec. 1981; Note: Update Code: 1700; Number of Pages: 316p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Lehtinen, B
AU  - Geyser, L C
T1  - Aesop. A computer-aided design program for linear multivariable control systems
JO  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:82871, E-1246, NASA-TM-82871
JF  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:82871, E-1246, NASA-TM-82871
Y1  - 1982///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - An interactive computer program (aesop) which solves quadratic optimal control is discussed. The program can also be used to perform system analysis calculations such as transient and frequency responses, controllability, observability, etc., in support of the control and filter design computations.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1801007; Lehtinen, B 1; Geyser, L C; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Cleveland, Oh. Lewis Research Center;  Source Info: 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SMITH, BRADFORD A.
AU  - SODERBLOM, LAURENCE
AU  - BATSON, RAYMOND
AU  - BRIDGES, PATRICIA
AU  - INGE, JAY
AU  - MASURSKY, HAROLD
AU  - SHOEMAKER, EUGENE
AU  - BEEBE, RETA
AU  - BOYCE, JOSEPH
AU  - BRIGGS, GEOFFREY
AU  - BUNKER, ANNE
AU  - COLLINS, STEWART A.
AU  - HANSEN, CANDICE J.
AU  - JOHNSON, TORRENCE V.
AU  - MITCHELL, JIM L.
AU  - TERRILE, RICHARD J.
AU  - COOK II, ALLAN F.
AU  - CUZZI, JEFFREY
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - DANIELSON, G. EDWARD
T1  - A New Look at the Saturn System: The Voyager 2 Images.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1982/01/29/
VL  - 215
IS  - 4532
M3  - Article
SP  - 504
EP  - 537
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Voyager 2 photography has complemented that of Voyager I in revealing many additional characteristics of Saturn and its satellites and rings. Saturn's atmosphere contains persistent oval cloud features reminiscent of features on Jupiter. Smaller irregular features track out a pattern of zonal winds that is symmetric about Saturn's equator and appears to extend to great depth. Winds are predominantly eastward and reach 500 meters per second at the equator. Titan has several haze layers with significantly varying optical properties and a northern polar "collar" that is dark at short wavelengths. Several satellites have been photographed at substantially improved resolution. Enceladus' surface ranges from old, densely cratered terrain to relatively young, uncratered plains crossed by grooves and faults. Tethys has a crater 400 kilometers in diameter whose floor has domed to match Tethys' surface curvature and a deep trench that extends at least 270 degrees around Tethys' circumference. Hyperion is cratered and irregular in shape. Iapetus' bright, trailing hemisphere includes several dark-floored craters, and Phoebe has a very low albedo and rotates in the direction opposite to that of its orbital revolution with a period of 9 hours. Within Saturn's rings, the "birth" of a spoke has been observed, and surprising azimuthal and time variability is found in the ringlet structure of the outer B ring. These observations lead to speculations about Saturn's internal structure and about the collisional and thermal history of the rings and satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 88003598; SMITH, BRADFORD A. 1; SODERBLOM, LAURENCE 2; BATSON, RAYMOND 2; BRIDGES, PATRICIA 2; INGE, JAY 2; MASURSKY, HAROLD 2; SHOEMAKER, EUGENE 2; BEEBE, RETA 3; BOYCE, JOSEPH 4; BRIGGS, GEOFFREY 4; BUNKER, ANNE 5; COLLINS, STEWART A. 5; HANSEN, CANDICE J. 5; JOHNSON, TORRENCE V. 5; MITCHELL, JIM L. 5; TERRILE, RICHARD J. 5; COOK II, ALLAN F. 6; CUZZI, JEFFREY 7; POLLACK, JAMES B. 7; DANIELSON, G. EDWARD 8; Affiliations: 1: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 860001; 3: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003; 4: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 20546; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109; 6: Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; 7: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 8: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125; Issue Info: 1/29/1982, Vol. 215 Issue 4532, p504; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Master list and index to nasa directives
JO  - Master list and index to nasa directives
JF  - Master list and index to nasa directives
Y1  - 1982/02//
M3  - Book
AB  - The nasa management directive, delegations of authority, handbooks, and jpl management directives included. The nasa management directives published in the code of federal regulations, complementary manuals, and safety standards are also listed. An alphabetical index is provided. Book Published by NASA, 1982
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1804240; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Feb. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 95p; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - White, John F.
AU  - Mathis, James F.
AU  - Shapiro, Moses
AU  - Kurzhals, Peter R.
AU  - Weil, John W.
AU  - Fraenkel, Stephen J.
AU  - Barba Jr., Carl J.
AU  - Swanson, Edward P.
AU  - Casey, Cornelius J.
AU  - Sandretto, Michael J.
AU  - Huggins III, T. J.
AU  - Anthony, Robert N.
AU  - Martin, Henry R.
AU  - Morton, Terry L.
AU  - Brodsky, Harold M.
AU  - Haspeslagh, Philippe
AU  - Filer, John H.
AU  - Mayo, Michael C.
AU  - den Uyl, Douglas J.
AU  - Fryer, Ronald J.
T1  - Letters to the editor.
JO  - Harvard Business Review
JF  - Harvard Business Review
Y1  - 1982/03//Mar/Apr82
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
M3  - Letter
SP  - 150
EP  - 206
PB  - Harvard Business School Publication Corp.
SN  - 00178012
AB  - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "The Nurturing of Corporate Research" in the January-February 1982 issue, "Internal Uses of Accounting for Inflation," in November-December 1981 issue, "Recognizing the Cost of Interest on Equity" in the January-February 1982 issue, "Portfolio Planning: Uses and Limits" in the January-February 1982 issue, and "Can a Corporation Have a Conscience?" in the January-February 1982 issue are presented.
KW  - INDUSTRIAL research
KW  - EFFECT of inflation on accounting
KW  - CAPITAL costs
KW  - PORTFOLIO management (Investments)
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 3868018; White, John F. 1; Mathis, James F. 2; Shapiro, Moses 3; Kurzhals, Peter R. 4; Weil, John W. 5; Fraenkel, Stephen J. 6; Barba Jr., Carl J. 7; Swanson, Edward P. 8; Casey, Cornelius J.; Sandretto, Michael J.; Huggins III, T. J. 9; Anthony, Robert N.; Martin, Henry R. 10; Morton, Terry L. 11; Brodsky, Harold M. 12; Haspeslagh, Philippe; Filer, John H. 13; Mayo, Michael C. 14; den Uyl, Douglas J. 15; Fryer, Ronald J. 16; Affiliations: 1: Vice President and Director of Research and Development, Kraft Inc., Glenview, Illinois; 2: Vice-President, Science & Technology, Exxon Corporation, New York, New York; 3: Chairman, Executive Committee, General Instrument Corporation, New York, New York; 4: Assistant Director for Research and Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 5: Senior Vice President and Chief Technical Officer, The Bendix Corporation, Southfield, Michigan; 6: Director, Research and Development, Container Corporation of America, Carol Stream, Illinois; 7: Controller, Welch Foods Inc., Westfield, New York; 8: Faculty Fellow, Financial Accounting Standards Board, Stamford, Connecticut; 9: Vice President, Finance, Corn Products Unit, CPC North America, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey; 10: Vice President, Special Business Development, American can Company, Greenwich, Connecticut; 11: Vice President, Finance, Congoleum Corporation, Portsmouth, New Hampshire; 12: Executive Vice President, Fafnir Bearing Division, Textron, Inc., New Britain, Connecticut; 13: Chairman, AEtna Life and Casualty Company, Hartford, Connecticut; 14: Program Director, Division of Management Education, Graduate School of Business Administration, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 15: Assistant Professor of Philosophy and Business and Society, MBA Program, Bellarmine College, Louisville, Kentucky; 16: Sales Representative, U.S. Oil Company, East Providence, Rhode Island; Issue Info: Mar/Apr82, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p150; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL research; Thesaurus Term: EFFECT of inflation on accounting; Thesaurus Term: CAPITAL costs; Thesaurus Term: PORTFOLIO management (Investments); Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523920 Portfolio Management; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Management. A continuing bibliography with indexes
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7500(16)
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7500(16)
Y1  - 1982/03//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This bibliography lists 919 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the nasa scientific and technical information system in 1981.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1802375; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Mar. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 202p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LINDBERG, STEVEN E.
AU  - HARRISS, ROBERT C.
AU  - TURNER, RALPH R.
T1  - Atmospheric Deposition of Metals to Forest Vegetation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1982/03/26/
VL  - 215
IS  - 4540
M3  - Article
SP  - 1609
EP  - 1611
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Atmospheric deposition during the growing season contributes one-third or more of the estimated total flux of lead, zinc, and cadium from the forest canopy to soils beneath an oak stand in the Tennessee Valley but less than 10 percent of the flux of manganese. The ratio of the wet to dry depositionflux to the vegetation during this period ranges from 0.1 for manganese to 0.8 for lead to ~ 3 to 4 for cadmium and zinc. Interactions between metal particles deposited on dry leaf surfaces and subsequent acid precipitation can result in metal concentrations on leaves that are considerably higher than those in rain alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84705120; LINDBERG, STEVEN E. 1; HARRISS, ROBERT C. 2; TURNER, RALPH R. 3; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37830; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23665; 3: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory; Issue Info: 3/26/1982, Vol. 215 Issue 4540, p1609; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Martin, M J
T1  - Sts and cargo glossary, acronyms, and abbreviations
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-84707, NAS 1.15:84707
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-84707, NAS 1.15:84707
Y1  - 1982/04//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Definitions are provided, and acronyms and abbreviations are explained
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1801388; Martin, M J 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Cocoa Beach, Fl. John F. Kennedy Space Center;  Source Info: Apr. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 171p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH. Lewis Research Center
T1  - Bibliography of lewis research center technical publications announced in 1981
JO  - Rep. No: E-12905, NAS 1.15:82838, NASA-TM-82838
JF  - Rep. No: E-12905, NAS 1.15:82838, NASA-TM-82838
Y1  - 1982/05//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Technical reporting that resulted from the scientific and engineering work performed and managed by the lewis research center in 1981 are indexed and abstracted. All the publications were announced in the 1981 issues of star (scientific and technical aerospace reports) and/or iaa (international aerospace abstracts). Included are research reports, journal articles, conference presentations, patent applications, and theses
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1800853; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH. Lewis Research Center; Source Info: May 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 295p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Aeronautical engineering. A continuing bibliography with indexes
JO  - Rep. No: NAS 1.21:7037(148), NASA-SP-7037(148)
JF  - Rep. No: NAS 1.21:7037(148), NASA-SP-7037(148)
Y1  - 1982/05//
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1800854; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: May 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 150p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Cordle, V M
AU  - McCullough, R
T1  - An analysis of information design and packaging for an inelastic market
JO  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:84260; Rep. No: NASA-TM-84260
JF  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:84260; Rep. No: NASA-TM-84260
Y1  - 1982/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Producers of technical reports can increase the potential use of the technical report, as an information product, by making certain changes to the sequential, language, and presentation components. These improvements, which effect the overall design and packaging of the product, are discussed. These improvements are likely to have their greatest impact on the marginal technical report user. However, these improvements are not without economic consideration. For this reason, cost factors should be calculated to ensure that benefits to the user and/or increased utility will outweigh the cost to the producer
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1800786; Pinelli, T E 1; Cordle, V M; McCullough, R; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Moffett Field, Ca. Ames Research Center;  Source Info: Jun. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley Research Center
T1  - Scientific and technical information output of the langley research center for calender year 1981
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-83270,NAS 1.15:83270
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-83270,NAS 1.15:83270
Y1  - 1982/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Included are citations for formal reports, quick-release technical memorandums, contractor reports, journal articles and periodical literature, meeting/conference papers, and computer programs. Tech briefs, patents, and oral presentation to conferences/workshops are also included
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803220; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA. Langley Research Center; Source Info: Jun. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 235p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Johnson, S C
T1  - Programs for transferring data between a relational data base and a finite element structural analysis program
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-84512
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-TM-84512
Y1  - 1982/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - An interface system for passing data between a relational information management (rim) data base complex and engineering analysis language (eal), a finite element structural analysis program is documented. The interface system, implemented on a cdc cyber computer, is composed of two fortran programs called rim2eal and eal2rim. The rim2eal reads model definition data from rim and creates a file of eal commands to define the model. The eal2rim reads model definition and eal generated analysis data from eal's data library and stores these data directly in a rim data base. These two interface programs and the format for the rim data complex are described.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1801450; Johnson, S C 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Va. Langley Research Center;  Source Info: Jun. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FULLER JR., W. H.
AU  - SOKOL, S.
AU  - HUNT, W. H.
T1  - Airborne Lidar Measurements of the Soufriere Eruption of 17 April 1979.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1982/06/04/
VL  - 216
IS  - 4550
M3  - Article
SP  - 1113
EP  - 1115
SN  - 00368075
AB  - At the time of the Soufriere, St. Vincent, volcanic eruption of 17 April 1979, a NASA P-3 aircraft with an uplooking lidar (light detection and ranging) system onboard was airborne 130 kilometers east of the island. Lidar measurements of the fresh volcanic ash were made approximately 2 hours after the eruption, 120 kilometers to the northeast and east. On the evening of 18 April, the airborne lidar, on a southerly flight track, detected significant amounts of stratospheric material in layers at 16, 17, 18, and 19.5 kilometers. These data, and measurements to the north on 19 April, indicate that the volcanic plume penetrated the stratosphere to an altitude of about 20 kilometers and moved south during the first 48 hours after the eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84705625; FULLER JR., W. H. 1; SOKOL, S. 1; HUNT, W. H. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Wyle Laboratories, Hampton 23666; Issue Info: 6/ 4/1982, Vol. 216 Issue 4550, p1113; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MCCORMICK, M. PATRICK
AU  - KENT, G. S.
AU  - YUE, G. K.
AU  - CUNNOLD, D. M.
T1  - Stratospheric Aerosol Effects from Soufriere Volcano as Measured by the SAGE Satellite System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1982/06/04/
VL  - 216
IS  - 4550
M3  - Article
SP  - 1115
EP  - 1118
SN  - 00368075
AB  - During its April 1979 eruption series, Soufriere Volcano produced two major stratospheric plumes that the SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) satellite system tracked to West Africa and the North Atlantic Ocean. The total mass of these plumes, whose movement and dispersion are in agreement with those deduced from meteorological data and dispersion theory, was less than 0.5 percent of the global stratospheric aerosol burden; no significant temperature or climate perturbation is therefore expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84705626; MCCORMICK, M. PATRICK 1; KENT, G. S. 2; YUE, G. K. 2; CUNNOLD, D. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Institute for Atmospheric Optics and Remote Sensing, Hampton 23666; 3: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332; Issue Info: 6/ 4/1982, Vol. 216 Issue 4550, p1115; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WOODS, DAVID C.
AU  - CHUAN, RAYMOND L.
T1  - Fine Particles in the Soufriere Eruption Plume.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1982/06/04/
VL  - 216
IS  - 4550
M3  - Article
SP  - 1118
EP  - 1119
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The size distributions offine particles measured at tropospheric altitude in the periphery of the eruption plume formed during the 17 April 1979 eruption of Soufriere Volcano and in the low-level effluents on 15 May 1979 were found to be bimodal, having peak concentrations at geometric mean diameters of 1.1 and 0.23 micrometers. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of the samples revealed an abundIance of aluminum and silicon and traces of sodium, magnesium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, and iron in the large-particle mode. The submicrometer-sized particles were covered with liquid containing sulfur, assumed to be in the form of liquid sulfuric acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84705627; WOODS, DAVID C. 1; CHUAN, RAYMOND L. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Brunswick Corporation, Costa Mesa, California 92692; Issue Info: 6/ 4/1982, Vol. 216 Issue 4550, p1118; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SCHRYER, DAVID R.
AU  - ROGOWSKI, ROBERT S.
AU  - COFER III, WESLEY R.
T1  - Soot-Catalyzed Reactions.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1982/06/11/
VL  - 216
IS  - 4551
M3  - Article
SP  - 1174
EP  - 1174
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 84705643; SCHRYER, DAVID R. 1; ROGOWSKI, ROBERT S. 1; COFER III, WESLEY R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Laser Systems and Measurements Branch, Flight Electronics Division, Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Environmental Chemistry Branch, Marine and Applications Technology Division, Langley Research Center; Issue Info: 6/11/1982, Vol. 216 Issue 4551, p1174; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Nasa patent abstracts bibliography, a continuing bibliography. Supplement 21. Section 1 Abstracts
JO  - Rep. No: NAS 1.21:7039(21)-Sec-1, NASA-SP-7039(21)-Sec-1
JF  - Rep. No: NAS 1.21:7039(21)-Sec-1, NASA-SP-7039(21)-Sec-1
Y1  - 1982/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Abstracts are cited for 87 patents and applications introduced into the nasa scientific and technical information system during the period of january 1982 through june 1982. Each entry consists of a citation, an abstract, and in most cases, a key illustration selected from the patent or patent application.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803222; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jul. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Nasa patent abstracts bibliography, a continuing bibliography. Supplement 21. Section 2 Abstracts
JO  - Rep. No: NAS 1.21:7039(21)-Sec-2, NASA-SP-7039(21)-Sec-2
JF  - Rep. No: NAS 1.21:7039(21)-Sec-2, NASA-SP-7039(21)-Sec-2
Y1  - 1982/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Entries for 4000 patents and patent applications citations for the period may 1969 through june 1982 are listed. subject, invention, source, number and accession number indexes are included.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803223; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jul. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 701p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Nasa thesaurus. Volume 1 Hierarchical listing
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7051-V-1
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7051-V-1
Y1  - 1982/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - There are 16,713 postable terms and 3,716 nonpostable terms approved for use in the nasa scientific and technical information system in the hierarchical listing of the nasa thesaurus. The generic structure is presented for many terms. The broader term and narrower term relationships are shown in an indented fashion that illustrates the generic structure better than the more widely used bt and nt listings. Related terms are generously applied, thus enhancing the usefulness of the hierarchical listing. Greater access to the hierarchical listing may be achieved with the collateral use of volume 2 - access vocabulary.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803830; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jul. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 840p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Nasa thesaurus. Volume 2. Access vocabulary
JO  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7051-V-2
JF  - Rep. No: NASA-SP-7051-V-2
Y1  - 1982/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The access vocabulary, which is essentially a permuted index, provides access to any word or number in authorized postable and nonpostable terms. Additional entries include postable and nonpostable terms, other word entries, and pseudo-multiword terms that are permutations of words that contain words within words. The access vocubulary contains, 40,661 entries that give increased access to the hierarchies in volume 1 hierarchical listing.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803831; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jul. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 400p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Cordle, V M
AU  - Glassman, M
T1  - Survey of reader preference concerning the format of nasa technical reports
JO  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:84502, NASA-TM-84502
JF  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:84502, NASA-TM-84502
Y1  - 1982/08//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A survey was conducted to determine the opinions of readers concerning the format (organization) of nasa technical reports and usage of technical report components. A survey questionnaire was sent to 513 larc engineers and scientists and 600 engineers and scientists from three (3) professional/technical societies. Respondents indicated that a summary as well as an abstract should be included, that the definition of symbols and glossary of terms should be located in the front of the report, and that illustrative material should be integrated with the text rather than grouped at the end of the report. Citation by number was the preferred format for references.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803581; Pinelli, T E 1; Cordle, V M; Glassman, M; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Hampton, Va. Langley Research Center;  Source Info: Aug. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 86p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Master list and index to nasa directives
JO  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:84871, NHB-1410.4FF, NASA-TM-84871
JF  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:84871, NHB-1410.4FF, NASA-TM-84871
Y1  - 1982/08//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - All nasa management directives in force as of august 1, 1982 are listed by major subject headings showing number, effective data, title, responsible office, and distribution code. Delegations of authority in print by that date are listed numerically as well as by the installation or office to which special authority is assigned. Other consolidated lists show all management handbooks, directives applicable to the jet propulsion laboratory, directions published in the code of federal regulations, complementary manuals, and nasa safety standards. Distribution policies and instructions for ordering directives are included.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803221; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Aug. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 88p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Card, D
T1  - Annotated bibliography of software engineering laboratory (sel) literature
JO  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:84724, SEL-82-006, NASA-TM-84724nv
JF  - Rep. No: NAS 1.15:84724, SEL-82-006, NASA-TM-84724nv
Y1  - 1982/11//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - An annotated bibliography of technical papers, documents, and memorandums produced by or related to the software engineering laboratory is presented. More that 75 publications are summarized. An index of these publications by subject is also included. These publications cover many areas of software engineering and range from research reports to software documentation
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803154; Card, D 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Greenbelt, Md. Goddard Space Flight Center;  Source Info: Nov. 1982; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 97p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - REICHLE JR., HENRY G.
AU  - BECK, SHERWIN M.
AU  - HAYNES, RAY E.
AU  - HESKETH, WILFRED D.
AU  - HOLLAND, J. ALVIN
AU  - HYPES, WARREN D.
AU  - ORR III, HARRY D.
AU  - SHERRILL, ROBERT T.
AU  - WALLIO, H. ANDREW
AU  - CASAS, JOSEPH C.
AU  - SAYLOR, MARY S.
AU  - GORMSEN, BARBARA B.
T1  - Carbon Monoxide Measurements in the Troposphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1982/12/03/
VL  - 218
IS  - 4576
M3  - Article
SP  - 1024
EP  - 1026
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 84712348; REICHLE JR., HENRY G. 1; BECK, SHERWIN M. 1; HAYNES, RAY E. 1; HESKETH, WILFRED D. 1; HOLLAND, J. ALVIN 1; HYPES, WARREN D. 1; ORR III, HARRY D. 1; SHERRILL, ROBERT T. 1; WALLIO, H. ANDREW 1; CASAS, JOSEPH C. 2; SAYLOR, MARY S. 2; GORMSEN, BARBARA B. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508; 3: Systems and Applied Sciences Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Issue Info: 12/ 3/1982, Vol. 218 Issue 4576, p1024; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SIVERTSON JR., W. E.
AU  - WILSON, R. GALE
AU  - BULLOCK, GORDON F.
AU  - SCHAPPELL, R. T.
T1  - Feature Identification and Location Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1982/12/03/
VL  - 218
IS  - 4576
M3  - Article
SP  - 1031
EP  - 1033
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The feature identification and location experiment (FILE) senses radiation from the earth in spectral bands centered at 0.65 and 0.85 micrometers and compares ratios of the reflected solar radiation in the two wavelengths to make realtime classification decisions about four primary features: water, vegetation, bare land, and a cloud-snow-ice class. The radiance ratio classification algorithm successfully made automatic data-selection decisions. The classification image obtained on the mission is providing information needed to evaluate the FILE algorithm and system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84712350; SIVERTSON JR., W. E. 1; WILSON, R. GALE 1; BULLOCK, GORDON F. 1; SCHAPPELL, R. T. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; 2: Martin Marietta, Denver Aerospace Division, Denver, Colorado 80201; Issue Info: 12/ 3/1982, Vol. 218 Issue 4576, p1031; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Gevarter, William B.
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.
T1  - An Overview of Computer-Based Natural Language Processing
JO  - An Overview of Computer-Based Natural Language Processing
JF  - An Overview of Computer-Based Natural Language Processing
Y1  - 1983///
M3  - Article
AB  - Computer-based Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the key to enabling humans and their computer-based creations to interact with machines using natural languages (English, Japanese, German, etc.) rather than formal computer languages. NLP is a major research area in the fields of artificial intelligence and computational linguistics. Commercial natural language interfaces to computers have recently entered the market and the future looks bright for other applications as well. This report presents an overview of: (1) NLP applications; (2) the three basic NLP approaches; (3) various types of grammars; (4) difficulties in semantic processing of phrases and sentences; (5) knowledge representation (KR); (6) types of syntactic parsing; (7) the relationship among semantics, parsing, and understanding; (8) NLP system types, including question answering, natural language interface (NLI), computer aided instruction (CAI), discourse, text understanding, and text generation systems; (9) the functions, approaches, capabilities, and limitations of NLP systems developed for research purposes; (10) current research NLP systems; (11) the approximate price, developer, purpose, and features of some commercial NLP systems; (12) the state of the art of NLP systems; (13) problems and issues related to language use, linguistics, conversation, processor design, database interfaces, and text understanding; (14) research required in these areas; (15) the principal United States and foreign participants in NLP, and the principal U.S. government agencies funding NLP research; (16) future trends and expectations; and (17) further sources of information. A 39-item bibliography and a glossary are also provided. (Author/ESR) (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL linguistics
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - DATABASE management
KW  - GRAMMAR, Comparative & general
KW  - INFORMATION processing
KW  - LANGUAGE & languages -- Cognitive processing
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems
KW  - RESEARCH & development projects
KW  - SEMANTICS
KW  - Parsing
KW  - Program descriptions
N1  - Accession Number: ERI-EMCS000897; Gevarter, William B.; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Source Info: 52 p.; 1983; 1 Microfiche    ; Note: Best copy available; Note: Target Audience: Researchers; Note: Report No: NASA-TM-85635; Note: This record is provided from the ERIC database of the Department of Education, United States. The index terms may have been modified to conform with terminology used throughout the database; Note: Availability: To order, write to: EDRS, 7420 Fullerton Road, Suite 100, Springfield, Virginia, 22153-2852, USA; or call: 800-443-3742; 703-440-1400; FAX: 703-440-1408; Internet: edrs@inet.ed.gov.; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL linguistics; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: DATABASE management; Subject Term: GRAMMAR, Comparative & general; Subject Term: INFORMATION processing; Subject Term: LANGUAGE & languages -- Cognitive processing; Subject Term: HUMAN-machine systems; Subject Term: RESEARCH & development projects; Subject Term: SEMANTICS; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - fxh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington
T1  - Nasa patent abstracts bibliography. A continuing bibliography, (Supplement 22). Section 2: Indexes
JO  - Nasa patent abstracts bibliography. A continuing bibliography, (Supplement 22). Section 2: Indexes
JF  - Nasa patent abstracts bibliography. A continuing bibliography, (Supplement 22). Section 2: Indexes
Y1  - 1983/01//
M3  - Book
AB  - Entries for over 4000 patents applications citations for the period may 1969 through december 1982 are listed. subject, invention, source, number, and accession number indexes are included.
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1804059; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington; Source Info: Jan. 1983; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 364p; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - POLLACK, JAMES B.
AU  - TOON, OWEN B.
AU  - ACKERMAN, THOMAS P.
AU  - McKAY, CHRISTOPHER P.
AU  - TURCO, RICHARD P.
T1  - Environmental Effects of an Impact-Generated Dust Cloud: Implications for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinctions.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1983/01/21/
VL  - 219
IS  - 4582
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 289
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A model of the evolution and radiative effects of a debris cloudfrom a hypothesized impact event at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary suggests that the cloud could have reduced the amount of light at the earth's surface below that requiredfor photosynthesis for several months and, for a somewhat shorter interval, even below that neededfor many animals to see. For 6 months to I year, the surface would cool; the oceans would cool only a few degrees Celsius at most, but the continents might cool a maximum of 40 Kelvin. Extinctions in the ocean may have been caused primarily by the temporary cessation of photosynthesis, but those on land may have been primarily induced by a combination of lowered temperatures and reduced light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84712546; POLLACK, JAMES B. 1; TOON, OWEN B. 1; ACKERMAN, THOMAS P. 1; McKAY, CHRISTOPHER P. 1; TURCO, RICHARD P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: R & D Associates, Marina del Ray, California 90291; Issue Info: 1/21/1983, Vol. 219 Issue 4582, p287; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Lo, P S
AU  - Page, J
AU  - Wyckoff, D
T1  - Software engineering laboratory (Sel). data base organization and user's guide. Revision 1
JO  - Report No: N83-32369/1
JF  - Report No: N83-32369/1
Y1  - 1983/03//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The structure of the Software Engineering Laboratory (SEL) data base is described. It defines each data base file in detail and provides information about how to access and use the data for programmers and other users. Several data base reporting programs are described also.
KW  - DATABASE management
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - Access
KW  - Files
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1902119; Lo, P S 1; Page, J; Wyckoff, D; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD. Goddard Space Flight Center.;  Source Info: Mar 1983; Note: Update Code: 1900; Subject Term: DATABASE management; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Access; Author-Supplied Keyword: Files; Number of Pages: 165p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Gevarter, W B
T1  - Overview of computer-based natural language processing
JO  - Report No: N83-24193/5
JF  - Report No: N83-24193/5
Y1  - 1983/04//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Computer based Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the key to enabling humans and their computer based creations to interact with machines in natural language (like English, Japanese, German, etc., in contrast to formal computer languages). The doors that such an achievement can open have made this a major research area in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics. Commercial natural language interfaces to computers have recently entered the market and future looks bright for other applications as well. This report reviews the basic approaches to such systems, the techniques utilized, applications, the state of the art of the technology, issues and research requirements, the major participants and finally, future trends and expectations.
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - Computer interfaces
KW  - Computer languages
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1902054; Gevarter, W B 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC;  Source Info: Apr 1983; Note: Update Code: 1900; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer languages; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larsen, Ronald L.
AU  - Agrawala, Ashok K.
T1  - 
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1983/07//
Y1  - 1983/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 522
EP  - 526
SN  - 00985589
AB  - A dynamic control policy known as "threshold queueing" is defined for scheduling customers from a Poisson source on a set of two exponential servers with dissimilar service rates. The slower server is invoked in response to instantaneous system loading as measured by the length of the queue of waiting customers. In a threshold queueing policy, a specific queue length is identified as a "threshold," beyond which the slower server is invoked. The slower server remains busy until it completes service on a customer and the queue length is less than its invocation threshold. Markov chain analysis is employed to analyze the performance of the threshold queueing policy and to develop optimality criteria. It is shown that probabilistic control is sub-optimal to minimize the mean number of customers in the system. An approximation to the optimum policy is analyzed which is computationally simple and suffices for most operational applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUEUING theory
KW  - POISSON processes
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPUTER networks
N1  - Accession Number: 14384504; Source Information: Jul83, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p522; Subject Term: QUEUING theory; Subject Term: POISSON processes; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER networks; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Faulcon, N D
T1  - Handbook on Comtal's image processing system
JO  - Report No: N83-30992/2
JF  - Report No: N83-30992/2
Y1  - 1983/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - An image processing system is the combination of an image processor with other control and display devices plus the necessary software needed to produce an interactive capability to analyze and enhance image data. Such an image processing system installed at NASA Langley Research Center, Instrument Research Division, Acoustics and Vibration Instrumentation Section (AVIS) is described.
KW  - COMPUTER graphics
KW  - COMMAND & control systems
KW  - Access
KW  - Displays
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1902130; Faulcon, N D 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA, Langley Research Center;  Source Info: Jul 1983; Note: Update Code: 1900; Subject Term: COMPUTER graphics; Subject Term: COMMAND & control systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Access; Author-Supplied Keyword: Displays; Number of Pages: 54p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ESPOSITO, L. W.
AU  - BORDERIES, N.
AU  - GOLDREICH, P.
AU  - CUZZI, J. N.
AU  - HOLBERG, J. B.
AU  - LANE, A. L.
AU  - POMPHREY, R. B.
AU  - TERRILE, R. J.
AU  - LISSAUER, J. J.
AU  - MAROUF, E. A.
AU  - TYLER, G. L.
T1  - Eccentric Ringlet in the Maxwell Gap at 1.45 Saturn Radii: Multi-Instrument Voyager Observations.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1983/10/07/
VL  - 222
IS  - 4619
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 60
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Voyager spacecraft observed a narrow, eccentric ringlet in the Maxwell gap (1.45 Saturn radii) in Saturn's rings. Intercomparison of the Voyager imaging, photopolarimeter, ultraviolet spectrometer, and radio science observations yields results not available from individual observations. The width of the ringlet varies from about 30 to about 100 kilometers, its edges are sharp on a radial scale <1 kilometer, and its opacity exhibits a double peak near the center. The shape and width of the ringlet are consistent with a set of uniformly precessing, confocal ellipses with foci at Saturn's center ofmass. The ringlet precesses as a unit at a rate consistent with the known dynamical oblateness of Saturn; the lack of differential precession across the ringlet yields a ringlet mass ofabout S x 1018 grams. The ratio of surface mass density to particle cross-sectional area is about five times smaller than values obtained elsewhere in the Saturn ring system, indicating a relatively largerfraction ofsmall particles. Also, comparison of the measured transmission of the' ringlet at radio, visible, and ultraviolet wavelengths indicates that about half of the total extinction is due to particles smaller than I centimeter in radius, in contrast even with nearby regions of the C ring. However, the color and' brightness of the ringlet' material are not measurably different from those of nearby C ring particles. We find this ringlet is similar to several of the rings of Uranus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84671653; ESPOSITO, L. W. 1; BORDERIES, N. 2; GOLDREICH, P. 2; CUZZI, J. N. 3; HOLBERG, J. B. 4; LANE, A. L. 5; POMPHREY, R. B. 5; TERRILE, R. J. 5; LISSAUER, J. J. 6; MAROUF, E. A. 7; TYLER, G. L. 7; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309; 2: Division of Geophysics and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035; 4: Earth and Space Science Institute, University of Southern California, Tucson, Arizona, 85767; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, 91109; 6: Astronomy and Mathematics Department, University of California, Berkeley, 94720; 7: Center for Radar Astronomy, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305; Issue Info: 10/ 7/1983, Vol. 222 Issue 4619, p57; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malmstrom, Frederick V.
AU  - Reed, Lawrence E.
AU  - Randle, Robert J.
T1  - Restriction of Pursuit Eye Movement Range During a Concurrent Auditory Task.
JO  - Journal of Applied Psychology
JF  - Journal of Applied Psychology
Y1  - 1983/11//
VL  - 68
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 565
EP  - 571
SN  - 00219010
AB  - A two-part experiment was performed using 10 naive adult male subjects to determine the effects of a concurrent auditory dot/dash identification task on pursuit eye movements. Results indicated there was a significant (20%) but transitory task- induced restriction of the range of both an 18° horizontal and a 14° vertical pursuit eye movement visual angle. Furthermore, doubling the presentation rate of the concurrent task accounted for an additional 5% restriction of pursuit eye movement range. Results also indicated that the eye movement range is unaffected by both prior knowledge of the task and four consecutive practice trials. It is suggested that both the rapidity of target movement and the presence of concurrent mental tasks could significantly shrink an operator's pursuit eye movement ranges during viewing of dynamic visual displays such as airborne low-level television and forward-looking infrared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Psychology is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIRECTIONAL hearing
KW  - HEARING
KW  - SLEEP -- Stages
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - VISION
KW  - SENSES & sensation
N1  - Accession Number: 5133559; Malmstrom, Frederick V. 1; Reed, Lawrence E. 2; Randle, Robert J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Safety and Systems Management, University of Southern California.; 2: Air Force Human Resources Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.; 3: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Issue Info: Nov83, Vol. 68 Issue 4, p565; Subject Term: DIRECTIONAL hearing; Subject Term: HEARING; Subject Term: SLEEP -- Stages; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: VISION; Subject Term: SENSES & sensation; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Askin, Ronald G.
AU  - Raghavan, M.
T1  - The Effect of Lot-Sizing on Workload Variability.
JO  - Journal of Operations Management
JF  - Journal of Operations Management
Y1  - 1983/11//
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 71
SN  - 02726963
AB  - Lot-sizing models which group demand requirements for one or more consecutive time periods into a single production run have received considerable attention in recent years. Material Requirements Planning (MRP) systems must, for instance, make a lot-size decision for each planned order release. Existing decision models attempt to minimize the sum of setup plus inventory holding costs. However, lot-sizing tends to increase the work center load variability, and, consequently, the costs associated with changing production levels from period to period should be incorporated into the economic analysis. This study is concerned, first of all, with analytically describing the relationship between dynamic lot-sizing models and workload variability. Secondly, in order to account for production level change costs we propose a simple modification to existing heuristic models. Lastly, we employ a simulation model to empirically extend these results to a typical MRP multiechelon production environment. An example is included to show dearly that with cost premiums for overtime and severance or guaranteed minimum costs for undertime the traditional lot-sizing techniques significantly underestimate actual costs and can lead to very costly policies. Mean, variance and coefficient of variation of period work time requirements are derived as a function of several algorithm characteristics. Average cycle time (number of periods covered by a single batch) is found to be the most influential factor in determining workload variability. Variance grows approximately in proportion to this cycle time with the proportionality constant being the square of average period workload. Cycle time and demand variability also contribute to workload variability. Results indicate that for a given average cycle time, the EOQ method will minimize workload variability. When N products utilize the same work center, the coefficient of load variation will be reduced by a factor of N[sup -½] unless requirements are positively correlated. Positive correlation would result when products have similar seasons or parent items. In this case grouping such products cannot help reduce variability. In order to incorporate production level change costs into existing heuristics we may simply introduce a term consisting of a penalty factor times average cycle time. The penalty factor represents the costs of period by period production level changes. Several popular heuristics are extended in this fashion, and it is found that solutions are still readily obtainable, requiring only modifications to setup or holding cost parameters. The effects of level change costs are examined via simulation for a specific yet typical environment. It is found that when setup costs are significant, traditional lot-sizing heuristics can provide cost savings and service level improvements as compared to lot-for-lot production. However, whereas for our model the obtainable profit improvement from lot-sizing was 25% in the case of freely variable capacity, actual improvements were only one half as large when reasonable hiring and firing practices and overtime and undertime costs were considered. Consequently, management needs to consider carefully labor costs and work center product relationships when determining a production scheduling method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Operations Management is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECONOMIC lot size
KW  - EMPLOYEES -- Workload
KW  - OPERATIONS research
KW  - INDUSTRIAL management
KW  - INDUSTRIAL productivity
N1  - Accession Number: 11490674; Askin, Ronald G. 1; Raghavan, M. 2; Affiliations: 1: The University of Iowa; 2: MATSCO, NASA Ames Research Center, California; Issue Info: Nov83, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p53; Thesaurus Term: ECONOMIC lot size; Thesaurus Term: EMPLOYEES -- Workload; Thesaurus Term: OPERATIONS research; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL management; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL productivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turco, R. P.
AU  - Toon, O. B.
AU  - Ackerman, T. P.
AU  - Pollack, J. B.
AU  - Sagan, Carl
T1  - Nuclear Winter: Global Consequences of Multple Nuclear Explosions.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1983/12/23/
VL  - 222
IS  - 4630
M3  - Article
SP  - 1283
EP  - 1292
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 84672006; Turco, R. P. 1; Toon, O. B. 1; Ackerman, T. P. 2; Pollack, J. B. 2; Sagan, Carl 3; Affiliations: 1: R & D Associates, Marina del Rey, California 90291; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 3: Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853; Issue Info: 12/23/1983, Vol. 222 Issue 4630, p1283; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Vondran, R F
T1  - The function of report components in the screening and reading of technical reports
JO  - Journal of Technical Writing & Communication
JF  - Journal of Technical Writing & Communication
Y1  - 1984///
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 94
SN  - 00472816
AB  - A reader preference survey of engineers and scientists at the NASA Langley Research Center and in three professional/technical societies has been conducted to determine the opinions of report users and producers concerning the format (organization) of NASA technical reports and the usage of technical report components. The survey questionnaire contains fourteen questions covering twelve survey topics. This article reports the findings of two survey topics: the components initially reviewed or read to determine whether to read a report in its entirety and the order in which report components are read.
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - READING
KW  - SCIENTIFIC literature
KW  - Structure
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1904266; Pinelli, T E 1; Vondran, R F; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: 1984, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p87; Note: Update Code: 1900; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: READING; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC literature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structure; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Wilson, J H
T1  - Transportable courses to train undergraduate scientists and engineers the skills of online retrieval
JO  - Transportable courses to train undergraduate scientists and engineers the skills of online retrieval
JF  - Transportable courses to train undergraduate scientists and engineers the skills of online retrieval
Y1  - 1984///
M3  - Book
SN  - 0938734075
AB  - This paper reports on NASA-prompted efforts by several universities to develop transportable courses for training undergraduate scientists and engineers how to use advanced online information systems. Every stage of course development is discussed, from needs analysis, through evaluation. All required university administrative protocol functions associated with the offering of new courses will be performed. Book Published by Learned Information, Inc., United States, 1984
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - Online retrieval
KW  - Scientific information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2102657; Wilson, J H 1; Affiliations: 1 : Nasa;  Source Info: 1984; Note: Place of Publication: United States; Note: Update Code: 2100; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Online retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific information; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beggs, James M.
T1  - Leadership -- The NASA Approach.
JO  - Long Range Planning
JF  - Long Range Planning
Y1  - 1984/04//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 24
SN  - 00246301
AB  - The leadership status of the United States in aeronautics and space today is an achievement of the NASA management approach, an extraordinary organizational process in which long-range planning plays a major role. Soviet space exploits served as a catalyst to U.S. space exploration. With a 25 year historical perspective the author describes the successful U.S. response to the Soviet challenge, i.e. the establishment of NASA and the creation of the NASA approach, a long-range planning process in aeronautics and space, responsive to national policy and purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Long Range Planning is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Business planning
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Case studies
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 12299606; Beggs, James M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington.; Issue Info: Apr84, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p12; Subject Term: Strategic planning; Subject Term: Business planning; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Case studies; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chapman, Robert D.
T1  - Astronomy from Space (Book).
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1984/05//May/Jun84
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 289
EP  - 289
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews the book 'Astronomy from Space: Sputnik to Space Telescope,' edited by James Cornell and Paul Gorenstein.
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Astronomy From Space (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11078952; Chapman, Robert D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Space Flight Center; Issue Info: May/Jun84, Vol. 72 Issue 3, p289; Thesaurus Term: Astronomy; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Astronomy From Space (Book); Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lieske, Jay H.
T1  - Sun and Planetary System (Book).
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1984/05//May/Jun84
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 290
EP  - 290
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews the book 'Sun and Planetary System,' edited by W. Fricke and G. Teleki.
KW  - Planetary systems
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Sun & Planetary System (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11078955; Lieske, Jay H. 1; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: May/Jun84, Vol. 72 Issue 3, p290; Subject Term: Planetary systems; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Sun & Planetary System (Book); Number of Pages: 1/6p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Ralph R.
T1  - From Bowen to Devine: The Quandary Facing Federal Unions.
JO  - Labor Law Journal
JF  - Labor Law Journal
Y1  - 1984/07//
VL  - 35
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 439
PB  - CCH Incorporated
SN  - 00236586
AB  - The article discusses changes in the procedures for appealing disciplinary measures imposed on federal employees in the U.S. Passage of the Civil Service Reform Act of 1978 resulted in a number of changes to the federal labor program that previously operated under the provisions of a Presidential Executive order. Some of the changes introduced by the statute were immediate and readily apparent. In order to analyze the changes that are occurring in the federal system, it is necessary to consider the distinctions and the similarities that have evolved through interpretation of the statute by the courts and the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB). When appealing to the MSPB, the parties have no control over selection of the presiding official but are merely informed of the name of the presiding official in a case. With some exceptions, most unions will probably elect the more conservative option and attempt to limit their potential liability for backpay and the inevitable drain on their resources inherent in the arbitration process. Federal sector unions are faced with two options. First, they can negotiate a broad scope grievance procedure. This approach enhances the value of the union to its bargaining unit because in the most substantive cases it gives employees an option of going either to MSPB or through the negotiated grievance procedure. With this option, the employee can determine on a case-by-case basis which route is more likely to lead to a favorable decision.
KW  - EMPLOYEE-management relations in government
KW  - GRIEVANCE arbitration
KW  - LABOR policy
KW  - COLLECTIVE labor agreements
KW  - GRIEVANCE procedures
KW  - EXECUTIVE power
KW  - NATIONAL service
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 5870590; Smith, Ralph R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Chief, Labor Relations, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama.; Issue Info: Jul84, Vol. 35 Issue 7, p435; Thesaurus Term: EMPLOYEE-management relations in government; Thesaurus Term: GRIEVANCE arbitration; Thesaurus Term: LABOR policy; Thesaurus Term: COLLECTIVE labor agreements; Thesaurus Term: GRIEVANCE procedures; Subject Term: EXECUTIVE power; Subject Term: NATIONAL service; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921110 Executive Offices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Siegal, Seth
AU  - Graham, Robert L.
AU  - Rising, Linda
AU  - Miya, Eugene
AU  - Spector, Alfred Z.
AU  - Andrew, Lloyd
AU  - Buckley, Neil
AU  - Cannell, Marshall H.
AU  - Bettinger, Ross
AU  - McKeough, William J.
AU  - Anderson, William L.
AU  - Rogers, Jean B.
AU  - Spicer, Steven W.
AU  - Harbron, Thomas R.
T1  - acm forum.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1984/10//
VL  - 27
IS  - 10
M3  - Letter
SP  - 984
EP  - 988
SN  - 00010782
AB  - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles on previous issues including "The Legal Protection of Computer Software," by Robert L. Graham in the May 1984 issue, "ACM News," August issue, and the article which contains the interview with Andries van Dam in the July 1984 issue.
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - BUSINESS communication
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - SECURITY measures
KW  - VAN Dam, Andries
N1  - Accession Number: 17879292; Siegal, Seth; Graham, Robert L. 1; Rising, Linda 2; Miya, Eugene 3; Spector, Alfred Z. 4; Andrew, Lloyd; Buckley, Neil; Cannell, Marshall H. 5; Bettinger, Ross; McKeough, William J.; Anderson, William L.; Rogers, Jean B. 6; Spicer, Steven W. 7; Harbron, Thomas R. 8; Affiliations: 1: Jenner & Block, One IBM Plaza, Chicago, IL; 2: Dept. of Computer Technology, Indiana University-Purdue, University of Fort Wayne, IN; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; 4: Dept., of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; 5: The MITRE Corporation, Burlington Road, Beford, MA; 6: Dept. of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin; 7: Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN; 8: Chairman, Computer Science, Department Anderson College, Anderson, IL; Issue Info: Oct84, Vol. 27 Issue 10, p984; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER software; Thesaurus Term: COMMUNICATION; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS communication; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: SECURITY measures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); People: VAN Dam, Andries; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pratt, T W
T1  - Pisces: an environment for parallel scientific computation
JO  - Report No: N85-22004
JF  - Report No: N85-22004
Y1  - 1985/02//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The parallel implementation of scientific computing environment (PISCES) is a project to provide high-level programming environments for parallel MIMD computers. Pisces 1, the first of these environments, is a Fortran 77 based environment which runs under the UNIX operating system. The Pisces 1 user programs in Pisces FORTRAN, an extension of FORTRAN 77 for parallel processing. The major emphasis in the Pisces 1 design is in providing a carefully specified virtual machine that defines the run-time environment within which Pisces FORTRAN programs are executed. Each implementation then provides the same virtual machine, regardless of differences in the underlying architecture. The design is intended to be portable to a variety of architectures. Currently Pisces 1 is implemented on a network of Apollo workstations and on a DEC VAX uniprocessor via simulation of the task level parallelism. An implementation for the Flexible Computing Corp. FLEX/32 is under construction. An introduction to the Pisces 1 virtual computer and the Fortran 77 extensions is presented. An example of an algorithm for the iterative solution of a system of equations is given. The most notable features of the design are the provision for several granularities of parallelism in programs and the provision of a window mechanism for distributed access to large arrays of data.
KW  - PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC literature
KW  - Computing
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2004569; Pratt, T W 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: Feb 1985; Note: Update Code: 2000; Subject Term: PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers); Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC literature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computing; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA
T1  - Cumulative reports and publications through December 31, 1984 (Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering)
JO  - Report No: N85-21991
JF  - Report No: N85-21991
Y1  - 1985/03//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A complete list of the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) Reports are given. Since ICASE Reports are intended to be preprints of articles that will appear in journals or conference proceedings, the published reference is included when it is available. Topics include numerical methods, parameter identification, fluid dynamics, acoustics, structural analysis, and computers.
KW  - DOCUMENTATION
KW  - PUBLICATIONS
KW  - SCIENTIFIC literature
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2004341; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA; Source Info: Mar 1985; Note: Update Code: 2000; Subject Term: DOCUMENTATION; Subject Term: PUBLICATIONS; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC literature; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1985/05//May/Jun85
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 225
EP  - 228
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Focuses on the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advanced Scientific Computing Initiative, a project aiming to make national supercomputer centers accessible to the entire scientific community.  Inclusion of a network called NSF-net; Development and promulgation of standard transport, gateway and application protocols.
KW  - Science
KW  - Supercomputers
KW  - United States
KW  - National Science Foundation (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 11183373; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: May/Jun85, Vol. 73 Issue 3, p225; Subject Term: Science; Subject Term: Supercomputers; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: National Science Foundation (U.S.); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kasting, James
T1  - The Case for Mars (Book).
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1985/09//Sep/Oct85
VL  - 73
IS  - 5
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 477
EP  - 478
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews the book 'The Case for Mars,' edited by Penelope J. Boston.
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Case for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet & Why We Must, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11197495; Kasting, James 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA AMES Research Center; Issue Info: Sep/Oct85, Vol. 73 Issue 5, p477; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Case for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet & Why We Must, The (Book); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wharton Jr., Robert A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Simmons Jr., George M.
AU  - Parker, Bruce C.
T1  - Cryoconite Holes on Glaciers. (cover story)
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1985/09//
VL  - 35
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 499
EP  - 503
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Cryoconite holes are water filled depressions on the surface of glaciers.  They form when heat is absorbed by wind deposited sediment that has accumulated on a glacier's surface, subsequently melting underlying ice.  They contain microbial communities and may contribute to glacial wastage and biological colonization of ice free areas.
KW  - Glaciers
KW  - Sediments (Geology)
KW  - Glaciology
KW  - Cryoconite
KW  - Microbial cultures
N1  - Accession Number: 8500004768; Wharton Jr., Robert A. 1; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Simmons Jr., George M. 2; Parker, Bruce C. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; 2: Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061; Issue Info: Sep85, Vol. 35 Issue 8, p499; Thesaurus Term: Glaciers; Thesaurus Term: Sediments (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Glaciology; Subject Term: Cryoconite; Subject Term: Microbial cultures; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raugh, Michael R.
T1  - MODELING CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH STRUCTURES.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1985/11//
VL  - 28
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1130
EP  - 1150
SN  - 00010782
AB  - Seismology has burgeoned into a modern science--force-fed by federal funding to advance technology for detecting underground nuclear explosions and predicting earthquakes, and by industry to improve tools for gas and oil exploration. Computers, seismic instrument systems, telemetry, and data reduction have played key roles in this growth.  INSETS: WHAT IS SEISMOLOGY?;AN EXAMPLE OF A SEISMIC REFRACTION EXPERIMENT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications of the ACM is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - PROSPECTING
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - NUCLEAR explosions
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 17912962; Raugh, Michael R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Mail Stop 230-5, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Issue Info: Nov85, Vol. 28 Issue 11, p1130; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: PROSPECTING; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: NUCLEAR explosions; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/4547.4548
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckhardt, Jr., Dave E.
AU  - Lee, Larry D.
T1  - 
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1985/12//
Y1  - 1985/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1511
EP  - 1517
SN  - 00985589
AB  - Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint occurrences of errors, referred to here as coincident errors. A theoretical basis for the study of redundant software is developed which 1) provides a probabilistic framework for empirically evaluating the effectiveness of a general multiversion strategy when component versions are subject to coincident errors, and 2) permits an analytical study of the effects of these errors. An intensity function, called the intensity of coincident errors, has a central role in this analysis. This function describes the propensity of programmers to introduce design faults in such a way that software components fail together when executing in the application environment. We give a condition under which a multiversion system is a better strategy than relying on a single version and we study some differences between the coincident errors model developed here and the model that assumes independent failures of component versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT-tolerant computing
KW  - COMPUTER reliability
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - REDUNDANCY (Engineering)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 14394087; Source Information: Dec85, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p1511; Subject Term: FAULT-tolerant computing; Subject Term: COMPUTER reliability; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: REDUNDANCY (Engineering); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Matthews, E
T1  - Data needs and data bases for climate studies
JO  - Report No: N87-15571/9/HCW
JF  - Report No: N87-15571/9/HCW
Y1  - 1985/12//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Two complementary global digital data bases of vegetation and land use, compiled at 1 deg resolution from published sources for use in climate studies, are discussed. The data bases were implemented, in several individually tailored formulations, in a series of climate related applications including: land-surface prescriptions in three-dimensional general circulation models, global biogeochemical cycles (CO2, methane), critical-area mapping for satellite monitoring of land-cover change, and large-scale remote sensing of surface reflectance. The climate applications are discussed with reference to data needs, and data availability from traditional and remote sensing sources.
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Scientific information
KW  - Technical information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2203234; Matthews, E 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration;  Source Info: Dec 1985; Note: Update Code: 2200; Subject Term: DATABASES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific information; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technical information; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Earth Observing System: data and information system. Volume 2A. Report of the EOS Data Panel
JO  - Report No: N86-31094/HCW
JF  - Report No: N86-31094/HCW
Y1  - 1986///
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - The purpose of this report is to provide NASA with a rationale and recommendations for planning, implementing, and operating an Earth Observing System data and information system that can evolve to meet the Earth Observing System's needs in the 1990s. The Earth Observing System (Eos), defined by the Eos Science and Mission Requirements Working Group, consists of a suite of instruments in low Earth orbit acquiring measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, surface, and interior, an information system to support scientific research; and a vigorous program of scientific research, stressing study of global-scale processes that shape and influence the Earth as a system. The Eos data and information system is conceived as a complete research information system that would transcend the traditional mission data system, and include additional capabilities such as maintaining long-term, time-series data bases and providing access by Eos researchers to relevant non-Eos data. The Working Group recommends that the Eos data and information system be initiated now, with existing data, and that the system evolve into one that can meet the intensive research and data needs that will exist when Eos spacecraft are returning data in the 1990s.
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - Geology
KW  - Information systems
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2202279; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: 1986; Note: Update Code: 2200; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information systems; Number of Pages: 63p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doyle, Laurance R.
AU  - Lorre, Jean J.
AU  - Doyle, Eric B.
T1  - THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTER IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES TO ARTIFACT ANALYSIS AS APPLIED TO THE SHROUD OF TURIN STUDY.
JO  - Studies in Conservation
JF  - Studies in Conservation
Y1  - 1986/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00393630
AB  - Artifact analysis using digital image processing techniques first developed for the US planetary program can be of great assistance to the museum scientist in spectroscopic analysis, pattern recognition, feature enhancement, color identification, and statistical information extraction that would not be possible with other techniques. Some of these techniques are illustrated with their results on the Shroud of Turin along with other suggested applications. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - L'analyse d'un objet par les techniques de traitement digital de l'image, techniques qui ont d'abord été mises au point pour le programme spacial américain, peut se révéler d'un grand recours pour le scientifique de musée dans l'analyse spectrométrique, la reconnaissance de formes, l'agrandissement de détails, l'identification de la couleur et l'obtention d'informations statistiques qui n'auraient pas été possible par d'autres procédés. Quelques-unes de ces techniques ont été utilisées sur le Suaire de Turin, et on en expose les résultats tout en suggérant d'autres applications. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Die Werkzeuganalyse unter Anwendung von Digitalbildverarbeitungstechniken, die zuerst für das US-Planetenprogramm entwickelt wurden, können für den Museumswissenschaftler bei der Spektralanaiyse, Strukturerkennung, Detailverstärkung, Farbenidentifizierung und beim Aufgreifen statistiseher Informationen eine große Hilfe sein, da dies mit anderen Techniken nicht möglich wäre. Es werden eimge dieser Techniken mit ihren Ergebnissen am Sterbehemd von Turin in Verbindung mit anderen vorgeschlagenen Anwendungen dargestellt. (German) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Studies in Conservation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Digital image processing
KW  - Antiquities -- Study & teaching
KW  - Antiquities -- Collectors & collecting
KW  - Holy Shroud
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Museums -- Employees
N1  - Accession Number: 33241543; Doyle, Laurance R. 1; Lorre, Jean J. 2; Doyle, Eric B. 3; Affiliations: 1: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA.; 2: Research & Development Laboratories, 5721 West Slauson Avenue, Culver City, CA 90230, USA.; 3: Image Processing Consultant, Museum of Applied Science Center for Archaeology, University of Pennsylvania.; Issue Info: Feb86, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Digital image processing; Subject Term: Antiquities -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: Antiquities -- Collectors & collecting; Subject Term: Holy Shroud; Subject Term: Image processing; Subject Term: Museums -- Employees; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712120 Historical Sites; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Gevarter, W B
T1  - Automatic probabilistic knowledge acquisition from data
JO  - Report No: N86-28627/5/GAR
JF  - Report No: N86-28627/5/GAR
Y1  - 1986/04//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A computer program for extracting significant correlations of attributes from masses of data is outlined. This information can then be used to develop a knowledge base for a probabilistic expert system. The method determines the best estimate of joint probabilities of attributes from data put into contingency table form. A major output from the program is a general formula for calculating any probability relation associated with the data. These probability relations can be utilized to form IF-THEN rules with associated probability, useful for expert systems
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - Automation
KW  - Computer programs
KW  - Data acquisition
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2104342; Gevarter, W B 1; Affiliations: 1 : Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, CA;  Source Info: Apr 1986; Note: Update Code: 2100; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer programs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data acquisition; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Ellis, S R
AU  - Hitchcock, R J
T1  - The emergency of Zipf's law. Spontaneous encoding optimization by users of a command language
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, & Cybernetics
Y1  - 1986/05//
VL  - SMC-16
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 427
SN  - 00189472
AB  - The distribution of commands issued by experienced users of a computer operating system allowing command customization tends to conform to Zipf's law. This result documents the emergence of a statistical property of natural language as users master an artificial language. Analysis of Zipf's law by Mandelbrot and Cherry shows that its emergency in the computer interaction of experienced users may be interpreted as evidence that these users optimize their encoding of commands. Accordingly, the extent to which users of a command language exhibit Zipf's law can provide a metric of the naturalness and efficiency with which that language is used.
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - Command languages
KW  - Encoding
KW  - Optimization
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2102849; Ellis, S R 1; Hitchcock, R J; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA;  Source Info: May 1986, Vol. SMC-16 Issue 3, p423; Note: Update Code: 2100; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Command languages; Author-Supplied Keyword: Encoding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Kochman, Doron
AU  - Coombs, Lisa
AU  - Aberle, Elaine
AU  - Hintz, Catherine E.
AU  - Brubaker, Donna L.
AU  - Soloy, Jan Helgen
AU  - Parker, Martha
AU  - Mertens, Sylvia
AU  - Ladwig, Alan
AU  - Callister, Miriam
AU  - Rose, Josephine
AU  - Geiger, Ingeborg
T1  - LETTERS.
JO  - RN
JF  - RN
Y1  - 1986/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Letter
SP  - 9
EP  - 10
SN  - 00337021
AB  - Comments on articles related to nursing.   Necessity of flossing in mouth care; Importance of credentials in nursing; Reaction of readers toward the pronoun she.
KW  - NURSING
KW  - DENTAL floss
KW  - NURSES
KW  - CERTIFICATION
N1  - Accession Number: 4930521; Kochman, Doron; Coombs, Lisa; Aberle, Elaine; Hintz, Catherine E.; Brubaker, Donna L.; Soloy, Jan Helgen; Parker, Martha; Mertens, Sylvia; Ladwig, Alan 1; Callister, Miriam; Rose, Josephine; Geiger, Ingeborg; Source Information: May86, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p9; Subject: NURSING; Subject: DENTAL floss; Subject: NURSES; Subject: CERTIFICATION; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 707
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vitousek, Peter M.
AU  - Ehrlich, Paul R.
AU  - Ehrlich, Anne H.
AU  - Matson, Pamela A.
T1  - Human Appropriation of the Products of Photosynthesis. (cover story)
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1986/06//
VL  - 36
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 368
EP  - 373
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Reports on how Homo sapiens make up only one of perhaps 5-30 million animal species on earth, yet it controls a disproportionate share of the planet's resources.  Presents an examination of net primary production (total food resource on Earth), shows that nearly 40% of potential terrestrial net primary productivity is used directly, co opted, or foregone because of human activities.
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Animals -- Classification
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Human beings
N1  - Accession Number: 8600007951; Vitousek, Peter M. 1; Ehrlich, Paul R. 2; Ehrlich, Anne H. 3; Matson, Pamela A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Associate professor of biological sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; 2: Professor of biological sciences and Bing Professor of population studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; 3: Senior research associate, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; 4: Research scientist, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Issue Info: Jun86, Vol. 36 Issue 6, p368; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Thesaurus Term: Animals -- Classification; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Subject Term: Human beings; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5489
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1986/07//Jul/Aug86
VL  - 74
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
EP  - 346
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Discusses the science of computing.  Demonstration done by British mathematician, Alan Turing, in 1939, that a computational model was capable of universal computation; Method proposed by Turing in 1950 of determining how close a machine might be to acting human; Issues regarding artificial intelligence; Difficulty in eliciting intelligent behaviors from machines; Contributions of several writers, including Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus, Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores, in the understanding of the science of computing.
KW  - Computer science
KW  - Artificial intelligence
N1  - Accession Number: 11386254; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jul/Aug86, Vol. 74 Issue 4, p344; Subject Term: Computer science; Subject Term: Artificial intelligence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, P.J.
T1  - Metamagical Themas (Book).
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1986/07//Jul/Aug86
VL  - 74
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 422
EP  - 423
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews the book 'Metamagical Themas,' by Douglas R. Hofstadter.
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Hofstadter, Douglas R.
KW  - Metamagical Themas (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11386267; Denning, P.J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jul/Aug86, Vol. 74 Issue 4, p422; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Metamagical Themas (Book); People: Hofstadter, Douglas R.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clark, Carolyn A.
AU  - Cate, Robert B.
AU  - Trenchard, Michael H.
AU  - Boatright, James A.
AU  - Bizzell, Robert M.
T1  - Mapping and classifying large ecological units.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1986/07//Jul/Aug86
VL  - 36
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 476
EP  - 478
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Focuses on the efforts to map and classify large ecological areas.  Use of advanced very high resolution radiometers (AVHRR).
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Ecological mapping
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Meteorological instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 10217850; Clark, Carolyn A. 1; Cate, Robert B. 2; Trenchard, Michael H. 3; Boatright, James A. 4; Bizzell, Robert M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Pysical scientist, NASA's Earth Resources Laboratory, National Space Technology Laboratories HA30, Mississippi; 2: Senior research scientist, Technicolor Government Services, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.; 3: Programmer-analyst, Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Company, National Space Technology Laboratories, Mississippi; 4: Systems engineer, Lockheed, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; 5: Technical manager, Space Station Program Management Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston; Issue Info: Jul/Aug86, Vol. 36 Issue 7, p476; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Ecological mapping; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1874
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - NASA patent abstracts bibliography. Section 1: abstracts
JO  - Report No: N86-28788/5/GAR
JF  - Report No: N86-28788/5/GAR
Y1  - 1986/07//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Abstracts are provided for 115 patents and patent applications entered into the NASA scientific and technical information system during the period January 1986 through June 1986. Each entry consists of a citation, an abstract, and in most cases, a key illustration selected from the patent application
KW  - ABSTRACTING
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - Bibliographies
KW  - Citations
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2103836; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jul 1986; Note: Update Code: 2100; Subject Term: ABSTRACTING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bibliographies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Citations; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - General Autonomic Components of Motion Sickness.
AU  - Cowings, Patricia S.
AU  - Suter, Steve
AU  - Toscano, William B.
AU  - Kamiya, Joe
AU  - Naifeh, Karen
JO  - Psychophysiology
JF  - Psychophysiology
Y1  - 1986/09//
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
SP  - 542
EP  - 551
SN  - 00485772
N1  - Accession Number: 11026112; Author: Cowings, Patricia S.: 1,2 Author: Suter, Steve: 3 Author: Toscano, William B.: 4 Author: Kamiya, Joe: 4 Author: Naifeh, Karen: 4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.: 2 Ph.D., Ames Research Center, NASA, Mail Stop N239A- 2, Moffett Field, CA 94035.: 3 California State College. Bakersfield.: 4 University of California, San Francisco.; No. of Pages: 10; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20031017
N2  - This report refers to a body of investigations directed toward the examination of autonomic nervous system responses to motion sickness. Heart rate, respiration rate, finger pulse volume, and basal skin resistance were measured on 127 men and women before, during, and after exposure to a nauseogenic rotating chair test. Significant changes in all autonomic responses were observed across the tests (p<.05). Significant differences in autonomic responses among groups divided according to motion sickness susceptibility were also observed (p <.05). Results suggest that the examination of autonomic responses as an objective indicator of motion sickness malaise is warranted and may contribute to the overall understanding of the syndrome. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *AUTONOMIC nervous system
KW  - *MOTION sickness
KW  - *HEART beat
KW  - *RESPIRATION
KW  - RESEARCH
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Gibson, J
AU  - Rosen, I
T1  - Computational methods for optimal linear-quadratic compensators for infinite dimensional discrete-time systems
JO  - Report No: N87-14056/2/HCW
JF  - Report No: N87-14056/2/HCW
Y1  - 1986/10//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - An abstract approximation theory and computational methods are developed for the determination of optimal linear-quadratic feedback control, observers and compensators for infinite dimensional discrete-time systems. Particular attention is paid to systems whose open-loop dynamics are described by semigroups of operators on Hilbert spaces. The approach taken is based on the finite dimensional approximation of the infinite dimensional operator Riccati equations which characterize the optimal feedback control and observer gains. Theoretical convergence results are presented and discussed. Numerical results for an example involving a heat equation with boundary control are presented and used to demonstrate the feasibility of the method.
KW  - COMMAND & control systems
KW  - Computing
KW  - Information systems
KW  - Optimization
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2202011; Gibson, J 1; Rosen, I; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: Oct 1986; Note: Update Code: 2200; Subject Term: COMMAND & control systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Technical support package for LAR-13319. Continuous multi-element hot-film transition gage.
JO  - Technical Soaring
JF  - Technical Soaring
Y1  - 1986/10//
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
SP  - 54
EP  - 59
CY  - ; 
SN  - 07448996
N1  - Accession Number: SPH203982; Corporate Author: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 19871101; SIRC Article No.: 203982
KW  - *SPORTING goods
KW  - *GLIDING & soaring
KW  - *WIND tunnels
KW  - EVALUATION
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=203982
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UR  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=203982
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2006-06430-014
AN  - 2006-06430-014
AU  - Pashler, Harold
AU  - Johnston, James C.
T1  - Multiple Approaches to Attention Mechanisms.
JF  - Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
JO  - Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
Y1  - 1986/11//
VL  - 31
IS  - 11
SP  - 856
EP  - 857
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0010-7549
N1  - Accession Number: 2006-06430-014. Other Journal Title: PsycCRITIQUES. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Pashler, Harold; Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, US. Release Date: 20061127. Publication Type: Electronic Collection (0500). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Review-Book. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Attention; Cognitive Processes; Neuropsychology; Performance; Psychophysics. Minor Descriptor: Brain; Evoked Potentials; Naming; Reading; Spatial Frequency. Classification: Human Experimental Psychology (2300). Population: Human (10). Reviewed Item: Posner, Michael I. (Ed); Marin, Oscar S. M. (Ed). Attention and Performance XI. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Attention and Performance=Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1985. 698 pp. $79.95; 1985. Page Count: 2. Issue Publication Date: Nov, 1986. 
KW  - information processing
KW  - attention
KW  - event related potential
KW  - cognitive neuropsychology
KW  - psychophysics
KW  - reading process
KW  - word naming
KW  - spatial frequency
KW  - brain
KW  - performance
KW  - 1986
KW  - Attention
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - Neuropsychology
KW  - Performance
KW  - Psychophysics
KW  - Brain
KW  - Evoked Potentials
KW  - Naming
KW  - Reading
KW  - Spatial Frequency
U2  - Posner, Michael I. (Ed); Marin, Oscar S. M. (Ed). (1985); Attention and Performance XI. Proceedings of the Eleventh International Symposium on Attention and Performance; Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 1985. 698 pp. $79.95
DO  - 10.1037/024223
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pvh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - Security of Data in Networks.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1987/01//Jan/Feb87
VL  - 75
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 14
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Explores security issues in data networks.  Kinds of cryptosystem; Development of computer chips containing the RSA algorithm; Advantages of a public-key system; Practical considerations in building secure signature systems that will work in large networks; Relation of networks to key registries; Importance of secure communications for telescience.
KW  - Computer network security
KW  - Public key cryptography
KW  - Integrated circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 11232331; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jan/Feb87, Vol. 75 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: Computer network security; Subject Term: Public key cryptography; Subject Term: Integrated circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA
T1  - Scientific and technical information output of the Langley research center for calendar year 1986
JO  - Report No: N87-17531/HCW
JF  - Report No: N87-17531/HCW
Y1  - 1987/01//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This document is a compilation of the scientific and technical information that the Langley Research Center has produced during the calendar year 1986. Included are citations for Formal Reports, Quick-Release Technical Memorandums, Contractor Reports, Journal Articles and Other Publications, Meeting Presentations, Technical Talks, Computer Programs, Tech Briefs, and Patents.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Research
KW  - Scientific information
KW  - Technical information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2202055; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA; Source Info: Jan 1987; Note: Update Code: 2200; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific information; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technical information; Number of Pages: 265p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sevcik, Kenneth C.
AU  - Johnson, Marjory J.
T1  - 
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1987/03//
Y1  - 1987/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 385
SN  - 00985589
AB  - The FDDI Token Ring Protocol controls communication over fiber optic rings with transmission rates in the range of 100 megabits per second. It is intended to give guaranteed response to time- critical messages by using a "timed token" protocol, in which non-critical messages may he transmitted only if recent movement of the token among stations has been sufficiently fast relative to a "target" token rotation time (TTRT). In this paper, we prove two important properties of the protocol. The first is that the average token cycle time is bounded above by the TTRT, and the second is that the maximum token cycle time is at most twice the TTRT. Each property is treated first under the assumption that all overheads are negligible, and second with certain sources of overhead taken into account explicitly. It is found that the proposed standard protocol can be improved for situations of practical interest by a slight modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER Distributed Data Interface (Computer network standard)
KW  - COMPUTER network protocols
KW  - RING networks (Computer networks) -- Standards
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - FIBER optics
KW  - DATA transmission systems
N1  - Accession Number: 14309285; Source Information: Mar87, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p376; Subject Term: FIBER Distributed Data Interface (Computer network standard); Subject Term: COMPUTER network protocols; Subject Term: RING networks (Computer networks) -- Standards; Subject Term: COMPUTER networks; Subject Term: FIBER optics; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Chart; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BANKS, PETER M.
AU  - BLACK, DAVID C.
T1  - The Future of Science in Space.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1987/04/17/
VL  - 236
IS  - 4799
M3  - Article
SP  - 244
EP  - 245
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 87461371; BANKS, PETER M. 1; BLACK, DAVID C. 2; Affiliations: 1: Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305; 2: Chief Scientist, Office of Space Station, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546; Issue Info: 4/17/1987, Vol. 236 Issue 4799, p244; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1987/05//May/Jun87
VL  - 75
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 234
EP  - 238
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Describes an updated version of supercomputing multiprocessors.  Algorithm experts and computational scientists' partnership to design algorithms for solving the mathematical problems arising in scientific computing; Functions of a parallel algorithm; Components of a multiprocessor; Trade-off between the number of direct links and the time required for two nodes to exchange data.
KW  - Supercomputers
KW  - Multiprocessors
KW  - Science
N1  - Accession Number: 11231095; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: May/Jun87, Vol. 75 Issue 3, p234; Subject Term: Supercomputers; Subject Term: Multiprocessors; Subject Term: Science; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Noll, C E
AU  - Linder, H G
T1  - Quick-look guide to the Crustal Dynamics Projects data information system
JO  - Report No: N87-23018/1/HCW
JF  - Report No: N87-23018/1/HCW
Y1  - 1987/06//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - Described are the contents of the Crustal Dynamics Project Data Information System (DIS) and instructions on the use of this facility. The main purpose of the DIS is to store all geodetic data products acquired by the Project in a central data bank and to maintain information about the archive of all Project-related data. Access and use of the DIS menu-driven system is described as well as procedures for contacting DIS staff and submitting data requests.
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Information systems
KW  - Scientific information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2202894; Noll, C E 1; Linder, H G; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD;  Source Info: Jun 1987; Note: Update Code: 2200; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific information; Number of Pages: 82p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - Computer Models of AIDS Epidemiology.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1987/07//Jul/Aug87
VL  - 75
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 347
EP  - 352
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Discusses the use computers to evaluate the mathematical models of AIDS epidemiology.  Key concepts that have guided the work of research groups in Europe and the U.S.; Steps in the construction of a mathematical model for the spread of sexually transmitted disease; Computing power consumed by the models; Production of tools based on modern computer technology that will be useful in analyzing other epidemics.
KW  - AIDS (Disease)
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Mathematical models
N1  - Accession Number: 11232776; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jul/Aug87, Vol. 75 Issue 4, p347; Thesaurus Term: AIDS (Disease); Thesaurus Term: Epidemiology; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Card, David N.
AU  - McGarry, Frank E.
AU  - Page, Gerald T.
T1  - 
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1987/07//
Y1  - 1987/07//
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 845
EP  - 851
SN  - 00985589
AB  - Many new software development practices, tools, and techniques have been introduced in recent years. Few, however, have been empirically evaluated. The objectives of this study were to measure technology use in a production environment, develop a statistical model for evaluating the effectiveness of technologies, and evaluate the effects of some specific technologies on productivity and reliability. A carefully matched sample of 22 projects from the Software Engineering Laboratory database was studied using an analysis-of-covariance procedure. Limited use of the technologies considered in the analysis produced approximately a 30 percent increase in software reliability. These technologies did not demonstrate any direct effect on development productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - SOFTWARE productivity
KW  - SOFTWARE measurement
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - COMPUTER science
N1  - Accession Number: 14419829; Source Information: Jul87, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p845; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: SOFTWARE productivity; Subject Term: SOFTWARE measurement; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: COMPUTER science; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 5 Charts; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2006-06452-020
AN  - 2006-06452-020
AU  - Kaiser, Mary K.
T1  - A Physicist's Anschauungen Concerning Mental Imagery.
JF  - Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
JO  - Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
Y1  - 1987/09//
VL  - 32
IS  - 9
SP  - 801
EP  - 802
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0010-7549
N1  - Accession Number: 2006-06452-020. Other Journal Title: PsycCRITIQUES. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Kaiser, Mary K.; Aerospace Human Factors Research Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, US. Release Date: 20061204. Publication Type: Electronic Collection (0500). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Review-Book. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Cognitive Ability; Imagery; Physics. Minor Descriptor: Epistemology; Gestalt Psychology. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340). Population: Human (10). Reviewed Item: Miller, Arthur I. Imagery in Scientific Thought: Creating 20th-century Physics=Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986. 355 pp. $8.95; 1986. Page Count: 2. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 1987. 
KW  - mental imagery
KW  - quantum mechanics
KW  - intellectual dynamics
KW  - special relativity
KW  - general relativity
KW  - epistemology
KW  - Gestalt psychology
KW  - 1987
KW  - Cognitive Ability
KW  - Imagery
KW  - Physics
KW  - Epistemology
KW  - Gestalt Psychology
U2  - Miller, Arthur I. (1986); Imagery in Scientific Thought: Creating 20th-century Physics; Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1986. 355 pp. $8.95; 0-262-63104-0 (Paperback).
DO  - 10.1037/027461
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pvh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2006-06441-024
AN  - 2006-06441-024
AU  - Mantyh, Patrick W.
AU  - Abols, Ingrid A.
AU  - Mehler, William R.
T1  - A Compendium on Pain.
JF  - Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
JO  - Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
Y1  - 1987/10//
VL  - 32
IS  - 10
SP  - 880
EP  - 881
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0010-7549
N1  - Accession Number: 2006-06441-024. Other Journal Title: PsycCRITIQUES. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Mantyh, Patrick W.; University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, US. Release Date: 20061204. Publication Type: Electronic Collection (0500). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Review-Book. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Clinicians; Experimentation; Pain. Classification: Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders (3290). Population: Human (10). Reviewed Item: Wall, Patrick D. (Ed); Melzack, Ronald (Ed). Textbook of Pain=Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone, 1984. 866 pp. $105.00; 1984. Page Count: 2. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 1987. 
KW  - pain research
KW  - clinicians
KW  - litigation
KW  - 1987
KW  - Clinicians
KW  - Experimentation
KW  - Pain
U2  - Wall, Patrick D. (Ed); Melzack, Ronald (Ed). (1984); Textbook of Pain; Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone, 1984. 866 pp. $105.00
DO  - 10.1037/026434
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pvh&AN=2006-06441-024&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pvh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
T1  - Technology for large scale systems: a bibliography with indexes
JO  - Report No: N87-29576/2/HCW
JF  - Report No: N87-29576/2/HCW
Y1  - 1987/10//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This bibliography lists 512 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1, 1987 and June 30, 1987. Its purpose is to provide helpful information to the researcher, manager, and designer in technology development and mission design according to system, interactive analysis and design, structural and thermal analysis and design, structural concepts and control systems, electronics, advanced materials, assembly concepts, propulsion, and solar power satellite systems.
KW  - Bibliographies
KW  - Information systems
KW  - Scientific information
KW  - Technical information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2300169; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: Oct 1987; Note: Update Code: 2300; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bibliographies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific information; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technical information; Number of Pages: 140p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Cheeseman, P
AU  - Kelly, J
AU  - Self, M
AU  - Stutz, M
T1  - AutoClass: a Bayesian classication system
JO  - AutoClass: a Bayesian classication system
JF  - AutoClass: a Bayesian classication system
Y1  - 1988///
M3  - Book
SP  - 54
EP  - 64
SN  - 0934613698
AB  - This paper describes AutoClass II, a program that automatically discovers classes from a database, and is based on a Bayesian technique which provides a probabilistic description of the objects of each class. The author also reports on testing of AutoClass on large, real databases, and notes its discovery of previously unsuspected classes. The advantages of the Bayesian approach are itemized automatic determination of number of classes, the fact that objects are not absolutely assigned to classes, potential significance of all attributes, and possibility for data to be real or discrete. An implementation of AutoClass II is outlined. Book Published by Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., United States, 1988
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - Computer programs
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2401875; Cheeseman, P 1; Kelly, J; Self, M; Stutz, M; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA;  Source Info: 1988, p54; Note: Place of Publication: United States; Note: Update Code: 2400; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer programs; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
ID  - BAS714329
AU  - United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch
TI  - Japanese science and technology: a bibliography with indexes
T2  - NASA SP, 7067
PY  - 1988/01/01
SP  - 1v
EP  - 1v
PB  - Washington, D.C.
N1  - Accession Number: BAS714329. Authors: United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Branch; Document Type: Book. Publication Type: Book. Date: 1988; Pages: 1v.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - bas
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nichols, Peter D.
AU  - Volkman, Johan K.
AU  - Palmisano, Anna C.
AU  - Smith, Glen A.
AU  - White, David C.
T1  - OCCURRENCE OF AN ISOPRENOID C[sub25] DIUNSATURATED ALKENE AND HIGH NEUTRAL LIPID CONTENT IN ANTARCTIC SEA-ICE DIATOM COMMUNITIES.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 1988/03//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 96
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - The lipid and hydrocarbon composition of natural populations of diatom communities collected during the austral spring bloom of 1985 in the sea-ice at McMurdo Sound. Antarctica was analyzed by TLC-FID. GE and GC-MS. Sea-ice diatom communities were dominated by Amphiprora sp., Nitzschia stellata Manguin and Berkeleya sp. at Cape Armitage: N. stellata, Amphiprora, Pleurosigma, N. kerguelensis (O'Meara) Hasle and some small centric diatoms adjacent to the Erebus Ice Tongue; and Porosira pseudodenticulata (Hustedt) Jouse at Wohlschlag Bay. Lipid distributions of the seaice diatom communities from the Cape Armitage and Erebus sites were charncterized by high concentrations of triacylalyceral (triacylgyeerol/polar lipid = 1.0 to 1.5). The hydrocarbon n-C[SUB21] common in temperate diatoms. and an isoprenoid C[SUB2], diunsaturated alkene were the dominant hydrocarbons detected at these two sites. Hydroge. nation of the C[SUB2], diene produced the known alkane 2. 6. 10. 14-tetramethyl- 7-(3- methylpentfl)-pentadecane. The C[SIN2], diene is one of several structurally related hydrocarbons reported in many estuarine, coastal and oceanic sediments. We propose that certain species of diatoms are a likely source of these alkenes in sediments. The first reported biological occurrence of the C[SUB2], diene in the green seaweed Enteromorpha proliferaera may been due to the presence of eptphytic microalgae in the fieid sample analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Alkenes
KW  - Diatoms
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Isopentenoids
KW  - Lipids
KW  - 14tetramethyl-7-(3-methylpentyl)-pentadecane
KW  - 2.6. 10
KW  - Antarctic sea-ice diatoms
KW  - diene
KW  - GC-MS
KW  - hydrocarbons
KW  - isoprenoid C[SUB2]
KW  - lipids
KW  - triacylglycerols
N1  - Accession Number: 10987202; Nichols, Peter D. 1; Volkman, Johan K. 1; Palmisano, Anna C. 2; Smith, Glen A. 3; White, David C. 3; Affiliations: 1: CSIRO Division of Oceanography, Marine laboratories, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.; 2: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.; 3: Institute for Applied Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 10515 Research Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932-2567.; Issue Info: Mar1988, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p90; Thesaurus Term: Alkenes; Thesaurus Term: Diatoms; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Subject Term: Isopentenoids; Subject Term: Lipids; Author-Supplied Keyword: 14tetramethyl-7-(3-methylpentyl)-pentadecane; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2.6. 10; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic sea-ice diatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: diene; Author-Supplied Keyword: GC-MS; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: isoprenoid C[SUB2]; Author-Supplied Keyword: lipids; Author-Supplied Keyword: triacylglycerols; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1529-8817.ep10987202
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1988/05//May/Jun88
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 236
EP  - 238
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Offers information on how computer viruses work.  Major types of programs that attack other programs in a computer's memory; Incidents in which information stored in computers has been attacked by hostile programs; Principle by which a virus works; Vulnerability of most computers to virus attacks because they have no memory protection hardware.
KW  - Computer viruses
KW  - Computer software
KW  - Computer crimes
N1  - Accession Number: 11973527; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: May/Jun88, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p236; Subject Term: Computer viruses; Subject Term: Computer software; Subject Term: Computer crimes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - McMinn, J D
AU  - Shaughnessy, J D
T1  - Description of an automated database comparison program
JO  - Report No: N88-23463/8/HCW
JF  - Report No: N88-23463/8/HCW
Y1  - 1988/05//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - An interactive FORTRAN computer comparison program designed to automatically locate regions of incongruity between two databases is described. The software, guided by user input parameters, incrementally compares the databases and generates plots of these regions in the databases which do not compare within a specified tolerance. Additionally, tools are provided within the software which enable the user to statistically reduce the number of data points in the databases compared. To facilitate the description of these tools, the procedures used to compare two aerodynamic databases for an F-18A fighter aircraft are detailed.
KW  - DATABASE management
KW  - Automation
KW  - Computer programs
KW  - FORTRAN
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2400031; McMinn, J D 1; Shaughnessy, J D; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: May 1988; Note: Update Code: 2400; Subject Term: DATABASE management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer programs; Author-Supplied Keyword: FORTRAN; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Greenleaf, John E.
T1  - Dissecting scientists.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1988/09//Sep/Oct88
VL  - 76
IS  - 5
M3  - Letter
SP  - 429
EP  - 429
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "Memoirs of a Dissident Scientist," by Hannes Alfven published in the May-June 1988 issue of the journal "American Scientist".
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Scientists
N1  - Accession Number: 11887924; Greenleaf, John E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Sep/Oct88, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p429; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Scientists; Number of Pages: 1/5p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Freeman, M S
T1  - Elements of design knowledge capture
JO  - Report No: N89-15554/3/HCW
JF  - Report No: N89-15554/3/HCW
Y1  - 1988/10//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This paper presents the basic constituents of a design knowledge capture effort. This includes a discussion of the types of knowledge to be captured in such an effort and the difference between design knowledge capture and more traditional knowledge base construction. These differences include both knowledge base structure and knowledge acquisition approach. The motivation for establishing a design knowledge capture effort as an integral part of major NASA programs is outlined, along with the current NASA position on that subject. Finally the approach taken in design knowledge capture for Space Station is contrasted with that used in the HSTDEK project.
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - EXPERT systems (Computer science)
KW  - KNOWLEDGE management
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2402186; Freeman, M S 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL;  Source Info: Oct 1988; Note: Update Code: 2400; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: EXPERT systems (Computer science); Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE management; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1989/01//Jan/Feb89
VL  - 77
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 16
EP  - 18
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Focuses on the massive parallelism in the future of science.  Design of computers through data parallelism; Fundamental algorithms that apprea in scientific computing libraries; Application of processing power among pixels; Payoffs from hybrid architectures; Implementation of a multifunction algorithms.
KW  - Science
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Electronic data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 11973654; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jan/Feb89, Vol. 77 Issue 1, p16; Subject Term: Science; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Electronic data processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stan-Lotter, Helga
AU  - Hochstein, Lawrence I.
T1  - A comparison of an ATPase from the archaebacterium <em>Halobacterium saccharovorumM</em> with the F1 moiety from the <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATP synthase.
JO  - European Journal of Biochemistry
JF  - European Journal of Biochemistry
Y1  - 1989/01/15/
VL  - 179
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 160
SN  - 00142956
AB  - A purified ATPase associated with membranes from Halobacterium saccharovorurn was compared with the F1 moiety from the Escherichia coli ATP synthase. The halobacterial enzyme was composed of two major (I and II) and two minor subunits (III and IV), whose molecular masses were 87 kDa, 60 kDa, 29 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively. The isoelectric points of these subunits ranged from 4.1 to 4.8, which in the case of the subunits I and II was consistent with the presence of an excess of acidic amino acids (20-22 mol/100 mol). Peptide mapping of subunits I and II denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate showed no relationship between the primary structures of the individual halobacterial subunits or similarities to the subunits of the F1 ATPase from E. coli. Trypsin inactivation of the halobacterial ATPase was accompanied by the partial degradation of the major subunits. This observation, taken in conjunction with molecular masses of the subunits and the native enzyme, was consistent with the previously proposed stoichiometry of 2:2:1:1. These results suggest that H. saccharovorum, and possibly, halobacteria in general, possess an ATPase which is unlike the ubiquitous F0F1 ATP synthase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Journal of Biochemistry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADENOSINE triphosphatase
KW  - PHOSPHATASES
KW  - HALOBACTERIUM
KW  - GRAM-negative bacteria
KW  - HALOPHILIC microorganisms
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
N1  - Accession Number: 13747379; Stan-Lotter, Helga 1; Hochstein, Lawrence I. 1; Source Information: 1/15/89, Vol. 179 Issue 1, p155; Subject: ADENOSINE triphosphatase; Subject: PHOSPHATASES; Subject: HALOBACTERIUM; Subject: GRAM-negative bacteria; Subject: HALOPHILIC microorganisms; Subject: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject: MOLECULAR biology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pope, Kevin O.
AU  - Dahlin, Bruce H.
T1  - Ancient Maya Wetland Agriculture: New Insights from Ecological and Remote Sensing Research.
JO  - Journal of Field Archaeology
JF  - Journal of Field Archaeology
Y1  - 1989///Spring89
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 106
SN  - 00934690
AB  - Despite claims that ancient Maya canals are found throughout the central Maya Lowlands, our study of satellite and aircraft imagery indicates that canals are concentrated in three regions: northern Belize, southern Quintana Roo, Mexico, and along the upper Candelaria River and its tributaries in Campeche, Mexico. Earlier reports of lattices of small canals in the karstic depressions, or bajos, of Petén, Guatemala, based on the analysis of airborne radar imagery, have not been verified with other remote sensing data or by field research. Our analyses of this same airborne imagery and Seasat satellite radar imagery demonstrate that the spatial resolution of, and speckle noise in, existing radar imagery make it inadequate for mapping lattice patterns of small canals. Radar imagery and Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery were, however, useful m mapping large canals, which in most cases are connected to lattices of smaller canals. Furthermore, our analyses of wetland soils, vegetation, and hydrology confirm that canals are confined mostly to perennially moist wetlands where the water table lies near the surface in the dry season. The seasonal swamps typical of the karstic depressions in the vast interior portion of the Maya Lowlands do not contain canals; here, frequent inundation plus severe desiccation during dry periods would have made cultivation difficult and unreliable. We conclude that the majority of densely-populated Classic Maya sites were not dependent on wetland agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Field Archaeology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Archaeology
KW  - Canals
KW  - Wetlands
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Channels (Hydraulic engineering)
KW  - Landforms
N1  - Accession Number: 26020890; Pope, Kevin O. 1; Dahlin, Bruce H. 2; Affiliations: 1 : TGS Technology, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 2 : Howard University, Washington, D.C.;  Source Info: Spring89, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p87; Thesaurus Term: Archaeology; Subject Term: Canals; Subject Term: Wetlands; Subject Term: Agriculture; Subject Term: Channels (Hydraulic engineering); Subject Term: Landforms; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - vth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, G. A.
AU  - Pallwal, K.
AU  - Pathre, U.
AU  - Green, T. H.
AU  - Mitchell, R. J.
AU  - Gjerstad, D. H.
T1  - Empirical models of the conductance of leaves in apple orchards.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 1989/04//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 308
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 01407791
AB  - Seasonal data on leaf conductance (gl for three different apple cultivars grown in four separate orchards with different aged trees was studied between 1979 and 1985. A number of empirical models for predicting leaf conductance from environmental measurements were compared using this data and a general method for adapting such models for the prediction of different data sets is proposed. Although stepwise multiple regression identified relative humidity or vapour pressure as important variables, it frequently did not identify the optimal set of independent variables, which often did not include either of these. There was no advantage in regressing gl against principal components of the environment, rather than against the raw environmental variables. A simple model involving air vapour pressure deficit, air temperature and a hyperbolic function of irradiance was found to explain between 32 and 62% of the variance in gl for the different data sets. Parameters fitted for one data set led to the effective prediction of gl in other years or plots. The model fit could generally be improved significantly by including soil moisture deficit among the independent variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Leaves
KW  - Apples
KW  - Orchards
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - <em>Malus &times domestica</em> (Borkh.)
KW  - multiple regression
KW  - principal components
KW  - stomatal conductance.
N1  - Accession Number: 11613911; Carter, G. A. 1; Pallwal, K. 2; Pathre, U. 3; Green, T. H. 4; Mitchell, R. J. 4; Gjerstad, D. H. 4; Affiliations: 1: Science and Technology Laboratory. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi  39529, U.S.A.; 2: School of Biological Sciences,  Madurai  Kamasaj University. Madurai  625021, India.; 3: Plant Physiology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India.; 4: School of Forestry, Auburn University,  Auburn, Alabama  36849. U.S.A.; Issue Info: Apr1989, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p301; Thesaurus Term: Leaves; Thesaurus Term: Apples; Thesaurus Term: Orchards; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Malus &times domestica</em> (Borkh.); Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple regression; Author-Supplied Keyword: principal components; Author-Supplied Keyword: stomatal conductance.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413150 Fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1365-3040.ep11613911
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Earth resources: a continuing bibliography with indexes
JO  - Report No: N89-25493/2/HCW
JF  - Report No: N89-25493/2/HCW
Y1  - 1989/04//
IS  - 61
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This bibliography lists 606 reports, articles and and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system between January 1 and March 31, 1989. Emphasis is placed on the use of remote sensing and geophysical instrumentation in spacecraft and aircraft to survey and inventory natural resources and urban areas. Subject matter is grouped according to agriculture and forestry, environmental changes and cultural resources, geodesy and cartography, geology and mineral resources, oceanography and marine resources, hydrology and water management, data processing and distribution systems, and instrumentation and sensors, and economic analysis.
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Bibliographies
KW  - Instrumentation
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2501189; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: Apr 1989 Issue 61; Note: Update Code: 2500; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bibliographies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Number of Pages: 170p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malacinski, George M.
AU  - Neff, Anton W.
AU  - Alberts, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Souza, Kenneth A.
T1  - Developmental biology in outer space.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1989/05//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 314
EP  - 320
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Discusses how developmental biology will help predict whether humans can expect to colonize outer space.  Reasons for studying development in microgravity; Experimental questions and microgravity effects; Adaptation to microgravity; Model systems;Opportunities.
KW  - Developmental biology
KW  - Space colonies
KW  - Human beings
KW  - Outer space
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
N1  - Accession Number: 8906050446; Malacinski, George M. 1; Neff, Anton W. 2; Alberts, Jeffrey R. 3,4; Souza, Kenneth A. 5; Affiliations: 1: Professor, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405; 2: Associate professor, Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405; 3: President of Star Enterprises, Inc., Bloomington; 4: Professor, Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405; 5: Chief, Life Sciences Projects Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Issue Info: May89, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p314; Thesaurus Term: Developmental biology; Subject Term: Space colonies; Subject Term: Human beings; Subject Term: Outer space; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 11 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4149
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Rice, Michael
AU  - Willcox, Bill
AU  - Fader, Robin
AU  - Patti, Sal
AU  - Parker, Ron
AU  - Carden, Douglas
AU  - Schmidt, Diane
AU  - Webbon, Bruce1
AU  - Bostwick, Donald K.
T1  - Parting Shots.
JO  - American Photographer
JF  - American Photographer
J1  - American Photographer
PY  - 1989/07//
Y1  - 1989/07//
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
CP  - 1
M3  - Letter
SP  - 82
EP  - 82
SN  - 01616854
AB  - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "The Dream of Rudy Robinson," in the May 1989 issue, an article on Carl Mydans and Imelda Marcos in the May 1989 issue, and "Salt of the Earth," in the April 1989 issue.
KW  - Photographs
KW  - Photography
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Robinson, Rudy
KW  - Marcos, Imelda Romualdez, 1929-
N1  - Accession Number: 32770356; Authors: Rice, Michael; Willcox, Bill; Fader, Robin; Patti, Sal; Parker, Ron; Carden, Douglas; Schmidt, Diane; Webbon, Bruce 1; Bostwick, Donald K.; Affiliations:  1: Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California; Subject: Letters to the editor; Subject: Robinson, Rudy; Subject: Marcos, Imelda Romualdez, 1929-; Subject: Photographs; Subject: Photography; Number of Pages: 3/4p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Record Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL
T1  - FY 1989 scientific and technical reports, articles, papers, and presentations
JO  - Report No: N90-19916/7 HCW
JF  - Report No: N90-19916/7 HCW
Y1  - 1989/10//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - A compendium of bibliographic references to papers presented by Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) personnel and contractors during FY 1989 is provided. The papers include formal NASA technical reports, memoranda, papers which were published in technical journals, and presentations by MSFC personnel. The formal NASA technical reports and memoranda have abstracts included. Sources for obtaining these documents are also included.
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - Documents
KW  - NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
KW  - Scientific information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2600369; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL; Source Info: Oct 1989; Note: Update Code: 2600; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: Documents; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration); Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific information; Number of Pages: 63p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palmisano, Anna C.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
AU  - Cronin, Sonja E.
AU  - Marais, David J. Des
T1  - LIPOPHILIC PIGMENTS FROM CYANOBACTERIAL (BLUE-GREEN ALGAL) AND DIATOM MATS IN HEMELIN POOL, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 1989/12//
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 655
EP  - 661
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Lipophilic pigments were examined in microbial mat communities dominated by cyanobacteria in the intertidal zone and by diatoms in the subtidal and sublittoral zones of Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Wastern Australia. These microbial mats have evolutionary significance because of their similarity to lithified stromatolites from the Proterozoic and Early, Paleozoic eras. Fucoxanthin, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, β-carotene, and chlorophylls a and c characterized the diatom mats, whereas cyanobacterial mats contained myxoxauthophyll, zeaxanthin, echinenone, β-carotene, chlorophyll a and, in some case, sheath pigment. The presence of bacteriochlorophyll a within the mats suggests a close association of photosynthetic bacteria with diatoms and cyanobacteria. The high carotenoids: chlorophyll a ratios (0.84-2.44 wt/vt) in the diatom mats suggest that carotenoids served a photoprotective function in this high light environment. By contrast, cyanobacterial sheath pigment may have largely supplanted the photoprotective role of carotenoids in the intertidal mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Pigments
KW  - Carotenoids
KW  - Stromatolites
KW  - Shark Bay (W.A.)
KW  - Western Australia
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - chlorophyll
KW  - cyanobacterial pigments
KW  - diatom pigments
KW  - lipophilic pigments
KW  - stromatolites.
N1  - Accession Number: 11558993; Palmisano, Anna C. 1; Summons, Roger E. 2; Cronin, Sonja E. 1; Marais, David J. Des 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames  Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4  Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Division of Continental Geology, Bureau of  Mineral  Resources, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,  Australia; Issue Info: Dec89, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p655; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Chlorophyll; Subject Term: Pigments; Subject Term: Carotenoids; Subject Term: Stromatolites; Subject: Shark Bay (W.A.); Subject: Western Australia; Author-Supplied Keyword: carotenoids; Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacterial pigments; Author-Supplied Keyword: diatom pigments; Author-Supplied Keyword: lipophilic pigments; Author-Supplied Keyword: stromatolites.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1529-8817.ep11558993
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, G. A.
AU  - Theisen, A. F.
AU  - Mitchell, R. J.
T1  - Chlorophyll fluorescence measured using the Fraunhofer line-depth principle and relationship to photosynthetic rate in the field.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 1990/01//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 83
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 01407791
AB  - A field study was conducted to determine the relationship of solar-excited chlorophyll a fluorescence to net CO2 assimilation rate in attached leaves. The Fraunhofer line-depth principle was used to measure fluorescence at 656.3 nm wavelength while leaves remained exposed to full sunlight and normal atmospheric pressures of CO2 and O2. Fluorescence induction kinetics were observed when leaves were exposed to sunlight after 10 mm in darkness. Subsequently, fluorescence varied inversely with assimilation rate. In the C4 <em>Zea mays</em>, fluorescence decreased from 2.5 to 0.8 mW m-2 nm-1 as CO2, assimilation rate increased from 1 to 8 μmol m-1 s-1 (r² = 0.52). In the C3 <em>Liquidambar styraciflua</em> and <em>Pinus taeda</em>, fluorescence decreased from 6 to 2 mW m-2 nm-1 as assimilation rate increased from 2 to 5 or 0 to 2μmol m-2 s-1 (r²=0.44 and 0.45, respectively). The Fraunhofer line-depth principle enables the simultaneous measurement of solar-excited fluorescence and CO2 assimilation rate in individual leaves, but also at larger scales. Thus, it may contribute significantly to field studies of the relationship of fluorescence to photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Botany
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Corn
KW  - Liquidambar
KW  - Loblolly pine
KW  - Fraunhofer lines
KW  - <em>Zea mays</em>
KW  - Carbon dioxide assimilation rate
KW  - chlorophyll a fluorcscence photosynthesis
KW  - Chlorophyll fluorescence
KW  - Fraunhofer line
KW  - Fraunhofer line-depth principle
KW  - Liquidambar styraciflua
KW  - Pinus taeda.
N1  - Accession Number: 8115055; Carter, G. A. 1; Theisen, A. F. 2; Mitchell, R. J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Science and Technology Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, U.S.A.; 2: Branch of Geophysics, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, U.S.A.; 3: School of Forestry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Jan1990, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p79; Thesaurus Term: Botany; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Chlorophyll; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Corn; Thesaurus Term: Liquidambar; Subject Term: Loblolly pine; Subject Term: Fraunhofer lines; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Zea mays</em>; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide assimilation rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll a fluorcscence photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraunhofer line; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraunhofer line-depth principle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquidambar styraciflua; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pinus taeda.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 111150 Corn Farming; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1365-3040.ep8115055
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunter, Geoffrey
AU  - Bailey, David H.
AU  - Damerla, Srinivasarao
AU  - Brainerd, Walt
T1  - view point - The Fate of Fortran-8x.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1990/04//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 396
SN  - 00010782
AB  - Presents the views of several authors about Fortran-8x, a new programming language. Discussion about various aspects of Fortran-8x; View that introduction of Fortran-8x would be contrary to the trend in computer systems; Use of Fortran as the lingua franca of scientific and engineering programming; Report that the vast majority of computing tasks are Turing Machine processes; Information about the prospects offered by Fortran-8x.
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers)
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - FORTRAN (Computer program language)
KW  - TURING machines
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
N1  - Accession Number: 17929888; Hunter, Geoffrey 1; Bailey, David H. 2; Damerla, Srinivasarao 3; Brainerd, Walt 4,5; Affiliations: 1: Chemistry Department York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M3J 1P3.; 2: NASA Ames Research Center Moffet Field, CA 94035.; 3: Department of EECS University of Illinois, Chicago Chicago, IL 60680.; 4: Director of Technical Work ANSI X3J3.; 5: President, Unicorp Inc. 2002 Quail Run Drive N. E. Albuquerque, NM 87122.; Issue Info: Apr90, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p389; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER software; Thesaurus Term: PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers); Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: FORTRAN (Computer program language); Subject Term: TURING machines; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511210 Software Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC
T1  - Information resources management: A Bibliography with Indexes, 1984-1989. A selection of annotated references to reports and journal articles entered into the NASA scientific and technical information system from 1984 through 1989
JO  - Report No: ED 328 274
JF  - Report No: ED 328 274
Y1  - 1990/05//
M3  - Book Chapter
AB  - This information resources management (IRM) bibliography provides abstracts of reports and journal articles entered in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) scientific and technical information system over a 6-year period. These abstracts are presented in 10 areas: (1) IRM activities and planning; (2) computers, telecommunications, and networks; (3) artificial intelligence, expert systems, and knowledge systems; (4) the human interface; (5) decision support; (6) applications to special areas; (7) management information systems; (8) scientific and technical information and libraries; (9) systems security; and (10) intellectual property. Seven separate indexes provide access to these abstracts by subject, personal author, corporate source, contract number, report number, and accession number. National Technical Information Service (NTIS) order numbers are provided for the items cited and a current NTIS price schedule (effective January 1, 1990) lists North American and foreign prices for standard and exception price documents and microfiche.
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - Bibliographies
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2603641; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC; Source Info: May 1990; Note: ERIC Number: ED328274; Note: Update Code: 2600; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bibliographies; Number of Pages: 204p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rouse, Doris J.
T1  - Futurist technology improves care of the elderly.
JO  - Geriatrics
JF  - Geriatrics
Y1  - 1990/09//
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 72
SN  - 0016867X
N1  - Accession Number: 15815699; Rouse, Doris J. 1; Source Information: Sep1990, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p68; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1933
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matson, P. A.
AU  - Matson, P.A.
AU  - Vitousek, P. M.
AU  - Vitousek, P.M.
T1  - Ecosystem approach to a global nitrous oxide budget. (cover story)
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1990/10//
VL  - 40
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 667
EP  - 672
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Estimates nitrous oxide flux from humid tropical forests. Nitrous oxide; Tropical forests; Gradients of soil fertility; Elevational gradients; Seasonally dry and dry tropical forests and woodlands; Human disturbance; Revised budget for tropical contribution of nitrous oxide.
KW  - Rain forests
KW  - Nitrous oxide
KW  - Soils
KW  - Tropics
N1  - Accession Number: 9011052423; Matson, P. A. 1; Matson, P.A.; Vitousek, P. M. 2; Vitousek, P.M.; Affiliations: 1: Research scientist, Earth System Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; 2: Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Issue Info: Oct90, Vol. 40 Issue 9, p667; Thesaurus Term: Rain forests; Thesaurus Term: Nitrous oxide; Thesaurus Term: Soils; Subject: Tropics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5217
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Kennedy, J M
T1  - The role of the information intermediary in the diffusion of aerospace knowledge
JO  - Science & Technology Libraries
JF  - Science & Technology Libraries
Y1  - 1990///Win
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 76
SN  - 0194262X
AB  - This article discusses how changes in the US aerospace industry due to domestic actions and airline deregulation have intensified the need to understand the production, transfer, and utilization of knowledge as a precursor of the rapid diffusion of technology. The authors present a conceptual framework for understanding the diffusion of aerospace knowledge, focusing on information channels and members of the social system associated with the aerospace knowledge diffusion process.
KW  - INFORMATION dissemination
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - Information specialists
KW  - Knowledge
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2602334; Pinelli, T E 1; Kennedy, J M; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: Win 1990, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p59; Note: Update Code: 2600; Subject Term: INFORMATION dissemination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information specialists; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knowledge; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rorvig, Mark E.
T1  - The Simple Scalability of Documents.
JO  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Y1  - 1990/12//
VL  - 41
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 590
EP  - 598
SN  - 00028231
AB  - The relationship between scaling practice and scaling theory remains a controversial problem in information Retrieval research and experimentation. This article reports a test of a general theory of scaling, i.e., Simple Scalability, applied to the stimulus domain of documents represented as abstracts. The significance of Simple Scalability is that it implies three important properties of scales: transitivity, substitutibility, and independence. The test results indicate that, with some reservations, this theory of scaling is applicable to documents. This finding is further applied to the construction of test collections for Information Retrieval research that could more sensitively measure retrieval system alterations through the use of documents scaled not merely by relevance, but rather, by preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Society for Information Science is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - DOCUMENTATION
KW  - INFORMATION science
KW  - INFORMATION resources
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - SEARCH engines
N1  - Accession Number: 16796025; Rorvig, Mark E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Johnson Space Center, JL, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058; Issue Info: Dec1990, Vol. 41 Issue 8, p590; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Thesaurus Term: DOCUMENTATION; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION science; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION resources; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION services; Thesaurus Term: SEARCH engines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
T1  - The information-seeking habits and practices of engineers
JO  - Science & Technology Libraries
JF  - Science & Technology Libraries
Y1  - 1991///Spr
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 26
SN  - 0194262X
AB  - This paper explores the science/technology and science/engineer dichotomy, focusing on the information-seeking habits and practices of engineers. Studies specifically concerned with the information-seeking habits of engineers are reviewed to further develop the conceptual framework. The importance of maximizing the R&D process in order for the United States to recapture an international competitive edge is emphasized. Reasons for the deficiency of R&D skills in American engineers are studied.
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Information needs
KW  - Professionals
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2603060; Pinelli, T E 1; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: Spr 1991, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p5; Note: Update Code: 2600; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information needs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Professionals; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckhardt, Dave E.
AU  - Caglayan, Alper K.
AU  - Knight, John C.
AU  - Lee, Larry D.
AU  - McAllister, David F.
AU  - Miaden A. Vouk
AU  - Kelly, John P.J.
T1  - An Experimental Evaluation of Software Redundancy as a Strategy For Improving Reliability.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1991/07//
Y1  - 1991/07//
VL  - 17
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 692
EP  - 702
SN  - 00985589
AB  - The strategy of using multiple versions of independently developed software as a means to tolerate residual software design faults is suggested by the success of hardware redundancy for tolerating hardware failures. Although, as generally accepted, the independence of hardware failures resulting from physical wearout can lead to substantial increases in reliability for redundant hardware structures, a similar conclusion is not immediate for software. The degree to which design faults are manifested as independent failures determines the effectiveness of redundancy as a method for improving software reliability. Interest in multiversion software centers on whether it provides an adequate measure of increased reliability to warrant its use in critical applications. The effectiveness of multiversion software is studied by comparing estimates of the failure probabilities of these systems with the failure probabilities of single versions. The estimates are obtained under a model of dependent failures and compared with estimates obtained when failures are assumed to be independent. The experimental results are based on 20 versions of an aerospace application developed and independently validated by 60 programmers from 4 universities. Descriptions of the application and development process are given, together with an analysis of the 20 versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT-tolerant computing
KW  - COMPUTER reliability
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - PRODUCT obsolescence
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER programming -- Management
N1  - Accession Number: 14317237; Source Information: Jul91, Vol. 17 Issue 7, p692; Subject Term: FAULT-tolerant computing; Subject Term: COMPUTER reliability; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: PRODUCT obsolescence; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming -- Management; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 7 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 12 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Keith W.
AU  - Morell, Larry J.
AU  - Noonan, Robert E.
AU  - Park, Stephen K.
AU  - Nicol, David M.
AU  - Murrill, Branson W.
AU  - Voas, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Estimating the Probability of Failure When Testing Reveals No Failures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1992/01//
Y1  - 1992/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 43
SN  - 00985589
AB  - In this paper we introduce formulae for estimating the probability of failure when testing reveals no errors. These formulae incorporate random testing results, information about the input distribution, and prior assumptions about the probability of failure of the software. The formulae are not restricted to equally-likely input distributions, and the probability of failure estimate can be adjusted when assumptions about the input distribution change. The formulae are based on a discrete sample space statistical model of software and include Bayesian prior assumptions. Reusable software and software in life-critical applications are particularly appropriate candidates for this type of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - TESTING
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - SYSTEM failures (Engineering)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 14329284; Source Information: Jan92, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p33; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: SYSTEM failures (Engineering); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meehan, R. T.
AU  - Neale, L. S.
AU  - Kraus, E. T.
AU  - Stuart, C. A.
AU  - Smith, M. L.
AU  - Cintront, N. M.
AU  - Sams, C.F.
T1  - Alteration in human mononuclear leucocytes following space flight.
JO  - Immunology
JF  - Immunology
Y1  - 1992/07//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 491
EP  - 497
SN  - 00192805
AB  - Reduced in vitro mitogen-stimulated proliferative responses have routinely been observed from astronauts' mononuclear leucocytes following space flight. This study investigated the effect of space flight on subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 shuttle astronauts prior to launch, upon landing and 3 .days after flight. The total number of peripheral blood leucocytes, granulocytes and monocytes were increased after space flight (5·7 ± 0·2 versus 7·0±0·2; 3·1 ±0·1 versus 5·0 ± 0·1; and 0·16 ±0·02 versus 0·25 ± 0·28 × 10³ cells/mm³, respectively) whereas lymphocytes were decreased (2·2±0·1 versus 1·7±0·1× 10³ cells/mm³). Flow cytometry analysis on Ficoll- Hypaque isolated mononuclear cells upon landing revealed significant decreases in T-inducer(CD4+, Leu-8+ 32±2 versus 23±2%) and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+, CD11b-; 17±1 versus 12± 1%), and increases in monocytes (CD14+; 13±1 versus 21 ± 1%) compared to pre-flight and post-flight samples whereas B cells (CD19+, T-helper (CD4+, Leu-8-) and T-suppressor (CD8+, CD11b+) populations did not change. Additional phenotypic analysis of these mononuclear leucocytes from to crew members upon landing revealed a reduction in natural killer (NK) cells (CD16+ or CD56+; 9 ± 1 versus 3 ± 1%) and an increase in monocytes that were negative for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor expression. Flow cytometric analysis indicated these hormone receptor negative monocytes were smaller and less granular than receptor positive monocytes. Therefore, a novel population of monocytes may be released into the peripheral blood during the stress of space flight or upon landing. These findings may explain some of the diverse in vitro immunological and endocrine changes observed in crew members following space flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Immunology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEUCOCYTES
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - IMMUNE response
KW  - MITOGENS
KW  - CELL proliferation
N1  - Accession Number: 14491270; Meehan, R. T. 1; Neale, L. S. 2; Kraus, E. T. 2; Stuart, C. A. 3; Smith, M. L. 1; Cintront, N. M. 4; Sams, C.F. 4; Source Information: Jul92, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p491; Subject: LEUCOCYTES; Subject: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Subject: IMMUNE response; Subject: MITOGENS; Subject: CELL proliferation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Villarreal, James1, jvillarreal@nasamail.nasa.gov
T1  - North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) Conference Melia Hotel, Paseo de la Marina Sur, Marina Vallerta, Puerto Vallerta, Mexico December 14-17, 1992.
JO  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
J1  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
PY  - 1992/07//
Y1  - 1992/07//
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
CP  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 457
EP  - 457
SN  - 00028231
AB  - The article presents information about North American Fuzzy Information Processing Society (NAFIPS) Conference which was scheduled at Melia Hotel, in Paseo de la Marina Sur, Marina Vallerta, Puerto Vallerta, Mexico on December 14-17, 1992. NAFIPS '92 was an international conference that covered both fuzzy set theory and applications, including the integration of adaptive processes. There would be plenary sessions featuring recognized experts as speakers on topics of general interest, plus tutorials on introductory fuzzy sets and approximate reasoning, fuzzy intelligent information systems, fuzzy logic in expert systems and applications in IE/OR/MS, fuzzy control and applications, and fuzzy hardware design and applications.
KW  - Information resources management
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Electronic data processing
KW  - Expert systems (Computer science)
KW  - Conferences & conventions
KW  - Progress reports
N1  - Accession Number: 16918984; Authors: Villarreal, James 1 Email Address: jvillarreal@nasamail.nasa.gov; Affiliations:  1: Advanced Software Architectures / PT4, Software Technology Branch, Information Systems Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058; Subject: Conferences & conventions; Subject: Progress reports; Subject: Information resources management; Subject: Decision support systems; Subject: Electronic data processing; Subject: Expert systems (Computer science); Number of Pages: 1p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lls
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Hannah, S
AU  - Lawrence, B
AU  - Kennedy, J M
T1  - Knowledge diffusion and US government technology policy: issues and opportunities for sci/tech librarians
JO  - Science & Technology Libraries
JF  - Science & Technology Libraries
Y1  - 1992///Fal
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 56
SN  - 0194262X
AB  - Federal involvement in stimulating economic growth through the development and application of technology policy is currently the subject of serious debate. A recession and the recognition that an internationally competitive economy is a prerequisite for the attainment of national goals have fostered a number of technology policy initiatives aimed at improving the economic competitiveness of American industry. This paper suggests that the successful implementation of US technology policy will require the adoption of a knowledge diffusion model, the development of user oriented information products and services, and a more 'activist' approach on the part of sci/tech librarians in the provision of scientific and technical information (STI).
KW  - INFORMATION policy
KW  - Federal government
KW  - Policies
KW  - Scientific information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2801246; Pinelli, T E 1; Hannah, S; Lawrence, B; Kennedy, J M; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: Fal 1992, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p33; Note: Update Code: 2800; Subject Term: INFORMATION policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Federal government; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific information; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Strength after bouts of eccentric or concentric actions. / Force musculaire apres des exercices de contractions excentriques ou concentriques.
AU  - Golden, C.L.
AU  - Dudley, G.A.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 1992/08//
VL  - 24
IS  - 8
SP  - 926
EP  - 933
CY  - ; 
SN  - 01959131
N1  - Accession Number: SPH342312; Author: Golden, C.L. Author: Dudley, G.A.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Biomedical Operations and Research Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code MD-M, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP1978; References: 29; General Notes: Ill. The study was funded by a NASA grant (GAD). INSEP, PARIS. Cote: PE50. Acces: copie. K5.2 - PHYSIOLOGIE DU MUSCLE; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 19940501; SIRC Article No.: 342312
N2  - This study examined the influence of an initial bout of eccentric or concentric actions and a subsequent bout of eccentric actions on muscular strength. Twenty-four healthy males, 24-45 yr old, were placed in three groups that performed eccentric actions in bouts 1 and 2 (ECC/ECC, N = 8), concentric actions in bout 1, and eccentric actions in bout 2 (CON/ECC, N = 8) or served as controls (N = 8). Bouts involved unilateral actions with the left and right quadriceps femoris. Ten sets of 10 repetitions with an initial resistance equal to 85 percent of the eccentric or concentric one repetition maximum (1 RM) were performed for each bout. Three minutes of rest were given between sets and 3 wk between bouts. Two weeks before bout 1 and 1,4,7, and 10 d after bouts 1 and 2, eccentric and concentric 1 RM were measured for the right quadriceps femoris and a speed-torque relation established for the left quadriceps femoris. Eccentric and concentric 1 RM decreased (P less than 0.05) 32 percent 1 d after bout 1 for group ECC/ECC. The speed-torque relation was down-shifted (P less than 0.05) 38 percent. Eccentric 1 RM and eccentric and isometric torque returned to normal 6 d later. Concentric 1 RM and torque at 3.14 rad.s-1 had not recovered on day 10 (-7 percent for both, P less than 0.05). Decreases in strength after bout 2 for group ECC/ECC only occurred on day 1 (-9 percent for concentric 1 RM and 16 percent downshift of the speed-torque relation). Group CON/ECC showed the opposite responses; marked decreases in strength after bout 2 but not bout 1. The results indicate that the initial decrease in strength after performance of a novel bout of eccentric exercise is comparable for eccentric, concentric, and isometric muscle actions. Recovery of strength, however, appears to occur more rapidly for eccentric and isometric actions. They suggest that performance of a prior bout of eccentric but not concentric actions, as done in this study, can essentially eradicate decreases in strength after a subsequent bout of eccentric exercise. It is suggested that neural factors are, in part, responsible for adaptations to eccentric exercise.
KW  - *MUSCLE contraction
KW  - *MUSCLE strength
KW  - *MUSCLES
KW  - *PAIN
KW  - *MUSCLE soreness
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - FORCE-MUSCULAIRE
KW  - CONTRACTION-EXCENTRIQUE
KW  - CONTRACTION-CONCENTRIQUE
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=342312
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UR  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=342312
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Field, Christopher B.
AU  - Chapin III, F. Stuart
AU  - Matson, Pamela A.
AU  - Mooney, Harold A.
T1  - RESPONSES OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TO THE CHANGING ATMOSPHERE: A Resource-Based Approach.
JO  - Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics
JF  - Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics
Y1  - 1992/12//
VL  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 235
PB  - Annual Reviews Inc.
SN  - 00664162
AB  - Focuses on the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to the changing atmosphere. Discussion on environmental forcing factors; Assessment of organism responses to environmental factors; Consideration on the ecosystem processes.
KW  - Land-water ecotones
KW  - Ecotones
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Ecological disturbances
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Biogeochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 12408797; Field, Christopher B. 1; Chapin III, F. Stuart 2; Matson, Pamela A. 3; Mooney, Harold A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California 94305; 2: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California; 3: Earth System Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; 4: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Issue Info: 1992, Vol. 23, p201; Thesaurus Term: Land-water ecotones; Thesaurus Term: Ecotones; Thesaurus Term: Global environmental change; Thesaurus Term: Ecological disturbances; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Subject Term: Biogeochemistry; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Butler, Ricky W.
AU  - Finelli, George B.
T1  - The Infeasibility of Quantifying the Reliability of Life-Critical Real-Time Software.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1993/01//
Y1  - 1993/01//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 12
SN  - 00985589
AB  - This paper affirms that the quantification of life-critical software reliability is infeasible using statistical methods, whether these methods are applied to standard software or fault-tolerant software. The classical methods of estimating reliability are shown to lead to exorbitant amounts of testing when applied to life-critical software. Reliability growth models are examined and also shown to be incapable of overcoming the need for excessive amounts of testing. The key assumption of software fault tolerance—separately programmed versions fail independently—is shown to be problematic. This assumption cannot be justified by experimentation in the ultrareliability region, and subjective arguments in its favor are not sufficiently strong to justify it as an axiom. Also, the implications of the recent multiversion software experiments support this affirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - TESTING
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 14306084; Source Information: Jan93, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 0p; ; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105523072
T1  - A method for automatically abstracting visual documents.
AU  - Rorvig ME
Y1  - 1993/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 105523072. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090515. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Computer/Information Science; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 0232761. 
KW  - Abstracting and Indexing -- Methods
KW  - Image Retrieval -- Methods
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Automation
KW  - Evaluation Research
KW  - Human
SP  - 40
EP  - 56
JO  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
JA  - J AM SOC INF SCI
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
CY  - Hoboken, New Jersey
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 0002-8231
AD  - Software Technology Branch, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rorvig, Mark E.
T1  - A Method for Automatically Abstracting Visual Documents.
JO  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Y1  - 1993/01//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 56
SN  - 00028231
AB  - Visual documents--motion sequences on film, video-tape, and digital recordings--constitute a major source of information for the Space Agency, as well as all other government and private sector entities. This article describes a method for automatically selecting key frames from visual documents. These frames may in turn be used to represent the total image sequence of visual documents in visual libraries, hypermedia systems, and training guides. The performance of the abstracting algorithm reduces 51 minutes of video sequences to 134 frames; a reduction of information in the range of 700:1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Society for Information Science is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSTRACTING & indexing services
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - LIBRARIES
KW  - DOCUMENTATION
KW  - VIDEO tapes
KW  - VIDEO recordings
N1  - Accession Number: 16757329; Rorvig, Mark E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Software Technology Branch, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058; Issue Info: Jan1993, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p40; Thesaurus Term: ABSTRACTING & indexing services; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION resources management; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC control; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Thesaurus Term: LIBRARIES; Thesaurus Term: DOCUMENTATION; Subject Term: VIDEO tapes; Subject Term: VIDEO recordings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519121 Libraries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236220 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519120 Libraries and Archives; NAICS/Industry Codes: 512110 Motion Picture and Video Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414450 Video recording merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443146 Audio and video recordings stores; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 16 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Orans, Robin
AU  - Equal Opportunity Council (Ames Research Center). Advisory Committee for Women
AU  - Ames Research Center
T1  - Technical Paper Contest for Women 1992: space challenges, earth and beyond: papers submitted to the first Technical Paper Contest for Women
JO  - Technical Paper Contest for Women 1992: space challenges, earth and beyond: papers submitted to the first Technical Paper Contest for Women
JF  - Technical Paper Contest for Women 1992: space challenges, earth and beyond: papers submitted to the first Technical Paper Contest for Women
Y1  - 1993///
KW  - AWARDS
KW  - ENGINEERS
KW  - FEMALES
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - Aerospace sciences
KW  - NASA programs
KW  - Papers
N1  - Accession Number: MRB-WRI0308215; Orans, Robin; Equal Opportunity Council (Ames Research Center). Advisory Committee for Women; Ames Research Center; Source Info: Moffett Field, Calif.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center; [Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service, distributor], 1993; 1 v    ; Note: Series: NASA-TM, Volume: 109953.; Note: Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche; Note: Shipping list no.: 95-0061-M; Note: Conference Information: Technical Paper Contest for Women, Ames Research Center, 1992.; Subject Term: AWARDS; Subject Term: ENGINEERS; Subject Term: FEMALES; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - fyh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Kennedy, J M
T1  - The US government technical report and the transfer of federally funded aerospace R&D
JO  - Government Publications Review
JF  - Government Publications Review
Y1  - 1993/07//Jul-Aug 1993
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
EP  - 412
SN  - 02779390
AB  - This article discusses the US government technical report and the transfer of federally funded aerospace research and development in a conceptual framework of the federal government as a producer of scientific and technical information. It summarizes current literature and research and discusses US government technical report use and the importance of using data obtained from the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. The authors make a case for changing existing US technology policy and present a research agenda for the US government technical report.
KW  - INFORMATION dissemination
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - Federal government
KW  - Government documents
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2802563; Pinelli, T E 1; Kennedy, J M; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: Jul-Aug 1993, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p393; Note: Update Code: 2800; Subject Term: INFORMATION dissemination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: Federal government; Author-Supplied Keyword: Government documents; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Orans, Robin
AU  - Duckett, Sophie
AU  - White, Susan
AU  - Ames Research Center
T1  - 1993 Technical Paper Contest for Women: gear up 2000: women in motion
JO  - 1993 Technical Paper Contest for Women: gear up 2000: women in motion
JF  - 1993 Technical Paper Contest for Women: gear up 2000: women in motion
Y1  - 1994///
M3  - Book
KW  - Aircraft noise
KW  - Flight simulation
KW  - Space processing
KW  - Tilt wing aircraft
N1  - Accession Number: MRB-WRI0298892; Orans, Robin; Duckett, Sophie; White, Susan; Ames Research Center; Source Info: Moffett Field, Calif.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center; [Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service, distributor], 1994; v    ; Note: Series: NASA conference publication, Volume: 10134.; Note: 'Papers submitted to the second Technical Paper Contest for Women.'; Note: Includes bibliographical references; Note: Conference Information: Technical Paper Contest for Women, Ames Research Center, 1993.; Document Type: Book
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - fyh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
AU  - Giver, Lorraine J.
AU  - White, Melisa R.
AU  - Mancinelli, Rocco L.
T1  - METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS IN EVAPORITES.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 1994/06//
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 431
EP  - 438
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Crystalline salt is generally considered so hostile to most forms of life that it has been used for centuries as a preservative. Here, we present evidence that prokaryotes inhabiting a natural evaporite crust of halite and gypsum are metabolically active while inside the evaporite for at least 10 months. In situ measurements demonstrated that some of these "endoevaporitic" microorganisms (probably the cyanobacterium Synechococcus Na&auuml;geli) fixed carbon and nitrogen. Denitrification was not observed. Our results quantified the slow microbial activity that can occur in salt crystals. Implications of this study include the possibility that microorganisms found in ancient evaporite deposits may have been part of an evaporite community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Evaporites
KW  - Sedimentary rocks
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Bacteria -- Metabolism
KW  - Aphanothece halophytica
KW  - carbon fixation
KW  - evaporite
KW  - gypsum
KW  - Mar
KW  - nitrogen photosynthesis
KW  - salt
KW  - Synechococcus
N1  - Accession Number: 10995691; Rothschild, Lynn J. 1; Giver, Lorraine J. 1; White, Melisa R. 1; Mancinelli, Rocco L. 1; Affiliations: 1: Mail Stop 239-12, NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Issue Info: Jun94, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p431; Thesaurus Term: Evaporites; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentary rocks; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Subject Term: Bacteria -- Metabolism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aphanothece halophytica; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon fixation; Author-Supplied Keyword: evaporite; Author-Supplied Keyword: gypsum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mar; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: salt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synechococcus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1529-8817.ep10995691
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Adkins, S L
AU  - Bushnell, D M
T1  - Access to foreign STI is essential
JO  - SLA Specialist
JF  - SLA Specialist
Y1  - 1994/09//
VL  - 17
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 02739399
AB  - The National Technical Information Service (NTIS) serves as the United States' focal point for gathering foreign and domestic scientific and technical information (STI). Its mission is chartered by the U.S. government, and NTIS operates on an annual $ 31 million budget that is derived from sales. It employs 300 people, including less than three full-time personnel to collect foreign information. Only one-third of the NTIS collection originates from outside the U.S., with less than 2% from Japan. By contrast, the Japan Information Center of Science and Technology (JICST) employs 320 full time employees and as many as 5,000 cooperative abstractors to collect domestic and foreign STI from more than 50 countries on a heavily subsidized annual budget of $ 160 million. Nearly half of JICST's STI materials originate outside Japan, with only 18% from the U.S.
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - Access
KW  - Federal government
KW  - International
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA2902757; Adkins, S L 1; Bushnell, D M; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: Sep 1994, Vol. 17 Issue 9, p1; Note: Update Code: 2900; Subject Term: INFORMATION services; Author-Supplied Keyword: Access; Author-Supplied Keyword: Federal government; Author-Supplied Keyword: International; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107430488
T1  - Oral branched-chain amino acids decrease whole-body proteolysis.
AU  - Ferrando AA
AU  - Williams BD
AU  - Stuart CA
AU  - Lane HW
AU  - Wolfe RR
AU  - Ferrando, A A
AU  - Williams, B D
AU  - Stuart, C A
AU  - Lane, H W
AU  - Wolfe, R R
Y1  - 1995/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 107430488. Language: English. Entry Date: 19960501. Revision Date: 20170223. Publication Type: journal article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: M01-RR00073/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 7804134. 
KW  - Proteins -- Metabolism
KW  - Amino Acids -- Metabolism
KW  - Dietary Supplementation
KW  - Kinetics -- Evaluation
KW  - Leg
KW  - Plasma -- Analysis
KW  - Catheters, Vascular
KW  - Chromatography
KW  - Biopsy
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Adult
KW  - Male
KW  - Human
SP  - 47
EP  - 54
JO  - JPEN Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition
JF  - JPEN Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition
JA  - JPEN J PARENTER ENTERAL NUTR
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
CY  - Thousand Oaks, California
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
AB  - Background: This study reports the effects of ingesting branched-chain amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine) on protein metabolism in four men.Methods: To calculate leg protein synthesis and breakdown, we used a new model that utilized the infusion of L-[ring-13C6]phenylalanine and the sampling of the leg arterial-venous difference and muscle biopsies. In addition, protein-bound enrichments provided for the direct calculation of muscle fractional synthetic rate. Four control subjects ingested an equivalent amount of essential amino acids (threonine, methionine, and histidine) to discern the effects of branched-chain amino acid nitrogen vs the effects of essential amino acid nitrogen. Each drink also included 50 g of carbohydrate.Results: Consumption of the branched-chain and the essential amino acid solutions produced significant threefold and fourfold elevations in their respective arterial concentrations. Protein synthesis and breakdown were unaffected by branched-chain amino acids, but they increased by 43% (p < .05) and 36% (p < .03), respectively, in the group consuming the essential amino acids. However, net leg balance of phenylalanine was unchanged by either drink. Direct measurement of protein synthesis by tracer incorporation into muscle protein (fractional synthetic rate) revealed no changes within or between drinks. Whole-body phenylalanine flux was significantly suppressed by each solution but to a greater extent by the branched-chain amino acids (15% and 20%, respectively) (p < .001).Conclusions: These results suggest that branched-chain amino acid ingestion suppresses whole-body proteolysis in tissues other than skeletal muscle in normal men.
SN  - 0148-6071
AD  - Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
AD  - Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
U2  - PMID: 7658600.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 43285
AU  - Molnar, Peter Hale
AU  - United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
T1  - [Untitled]
T3  - NASA Contractor Report          NASA CR-197901
Y1  - 1995/01/01/
CY  - Washington, D.C.
CY  - United States
PB  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service, distributor
N1  - Accession Number: 43285; Extent: 1 volume; Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: Government document number: NAS 1.26:197901. GPO item number: 0830-H-14 (MF). Stock no: N 95-22832 NASA. Distributed to depository libraries in microfiche Shipping list number: 95-0487-M. Microfiche. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995. 1 microfiche. SUBMITTED BY: Maria Gorecki Nowak, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (mgnowak@uiuc.edu)
KW  - Former Soviet Republics--Geological Surveys
KW  - Former Soviet Republics--Satellite Observation
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UR  - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - sbh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heathcote, D. G.
AU  - Brown, A. H.
AU  - Chapman, D. K.
T1  - The phototropic response of Triticum aestivum coleoptiles under conditions of low gravity.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 1995/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 60
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 01407791
AB  - Wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L. cv Broom) coleoptiles were stimulated by unilateral blue light pulses, the duration of which varied between 3 S and 30 min, under microgravity conditions on the IML-1 Spacelab mission and in ground controls. The Stimuli covered first positive, indifferent and second positive response regions. When phototropic responses were observed under low-gravity conditions, slightly fewer seedlings responded compared with 1 g conditions. The latent period was similar in flight and 1 g treatment (10-20 min), except for the response to 300 μmol m-2 in the indifferent response region, where a positive response in flight plants followed a 130 min latent period, while no response was observed in 1 g plants. First positive responses at O <em>g</em> were slightly enhanced, both in magnitude and in duration, compared to the 1 <em>g</em> controls, but not to the extent predicted by clinostat studies. The response kinetics in the second positive region at 1 g showed a plateau at 120 min, in contrast to the single maximum at O <em>g</em>. The fluence-response relationship was similar in both flight and ground controls, Only the responses to 4 and 6 μmol m-2showed significantly greater curvatures at 9 <em>g</em>. This contrasts with previous clinostat studies, which reported substantial response enhancement at all fluence levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Wheat
KW  - Plant physiology
KW  - Phototropism
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Phototropism in plants
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Stimulus intensity
KW  - coleoptile
KW  - Gravity, low
KW  - microgravity
KW  - phototropism
KW  - Poaceae
KW  - space flight
KW  - Triticum aestivum
KW  - weightlessness
KW  - wheat.
N1  - Accession Number: 8115671; Heathcote, D. G. 1; Brown, A. H. 2; Chapman, D. K. 2; Affiliations: 1: David Heathcote, Martin, Marietta Services, Inc, Ames Research Center, Biological Flight Research Projects, PO Box 138, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 2: University Science Center, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; Issue Info: Jan1995, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p53; Thesaurus Term: Wheat; Thesaurus Term: Plant physiology; Subject Term: Phototropism; Subject Term: Space flight; Subject Term: Phototropism in plants; Subject Term: Gravity; Subject Term: Stimulus intensity; Author-Supplied Keyword: coleoptile; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity, low; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: phototropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poaceae; Author-Supplied Keyword: space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triticum aestivum; Author-Supplied Keyword: weightlessness; Author-Supplied Keyword: wheat.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1365-3040.ep8115671
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107384076
T1  - CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio: effects of rehydration before exercise in dehydrated men.
AU  - Greenleaf JE
AU  - Jackson CGR
AU  - Lawless D
Y1  - 1995/02//1995 Feb
N1  - Accession Number: 107384076. Language: English. Entry Date: 19961001. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: NASA Task 199-18-12-07. NLM UID: 8005433. 
KW  - T Lymphocytes -- Analysis
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Dehydration -- Physiopathology
KW  - Immune System
KW  - Fluid Therapy
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Rehydration Solutions
KW  - Ergometry
KW  - One-Way Analysis of Variance
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Statistical Significance
KW  - Adult
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Male
KW  - Human
SP  - 194
EP  - 199
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JA  - MED SCI SPORTS EXERC
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0195-9131
AD  - Laboratory for Human Environmental Physiology (239-11), NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
U2  - PMID: 7723642.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte ratio: effects of rehydration before exercise in dehydrated men. / Ratio de T-Lymphocyte CD4+/CD8+: effets de la rehydratation avant un exercice chez des hommes deshydrates.
AU  - Greenleaf, J.E.
AU  - Jackson, C.G.R.
AU  - Lawless, D.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 1995/02//
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
SP  - 194
EP  - 199
CY  - ; 
SN  - 01959131
N1  - Accession Number: SPH371825; Author: Greenleaf, J.E.: 1 Author: Jackson, C.G.R. Author: Lawless, D. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Lab for Human Environmental Physiology NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP1978; References: 23; General Notes: Illustrated. INSEP, PARIS. Cote: PE50. Acces: copie. K5.5 - ADAPTATION : TEMPERATURE, PRESSION, ALTITUDE, POLLUTION... / K5.4 - METABOLISME, METABOLISME ENERGETIQUE; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 19950401; SIRC Article No.: 371825
N2  - Effects of fluid ingestion on CD4+/CD8+ T-lymphocyte cell ratios were measured in four dehydrated men (ages 40-46 yr) before and after 70 min of supine submaximal (71 percent VO2max) lower extremity cycle exercise. Just before exercise, Evans blue dye was injected for measurement of plasma volume. The subjects then drank one of six fluid formulations (12 ml.kg-1) in 3-4 min. all six mean post-hydration (pre-exercise) CD4+/CD8+ ratios (Becton-Dickinson Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter and FACScan Consort-30 software program (San Jose, CA)) were below the normal range of 1.2 - 1.5; mean (plus/minus SE) and range were 0.77 plus/minus 0.12 and 0.39 - 1.15, respectively. The post-exercise ratios increased: mean = 1.36 plus/minus 0.15 and range = 0.98 - 1.98. Regression of mean CD4+/CD8+ ratios on mean plasma osmolality resulted in pre- and post-exercise correlation coefficients of -0.76 (P is less than 0.10) and -0.92 (P is less than 0.01), respectively. The decreased pre-exercise ratios (after drinking) were probably not caused by the Evans blue dye but appeared to be associated more with the stress (osmotic) of dehydration. The increased post-exercise ratios to normal levels accompanied the rehydration and were not due to the varied electrolyte and osmotic concentrations of the ingested fluids or to the varied vascular volume shifts during exercise. Thus, the level of subject hydration and plasma osmolality may be factors involved in the mechanism of immune system modulation induced by exercise.
N2  - (HERACLES) 4 hommes ages de 30 a 46 ans, deshydrates par 70 min d ' exercice effectue en supination sous-maximale a 71% de VO2 max. Juste apres l'exercice les sujets boivent des solutions dosees en lymphocytes CD4+/CD8+. Mesure des ratios de lymphocytes apres l ' exercice et conclusions quant a la modulation de l ' activite du systeme immunitaire par l ' exercice physique.
KW  - *MEDICINE
KW  - *EXERCISE
KW  - *DEHYDRATION (Physiology)
KW  - *ORAL rehydration therapy
KW  - *ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - *IMMUNOLOGY
KW  - *LYMPHOCYTES
KW  - MALES
KW  - MIDDLE age
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - SYSTEME-IMMUNITAIRE
KW  - PUISSANCE-MAXIMALE-AEROBIE
KW  - SEXE-MASCULIN
KW  - EXERCICE-PHYSIQUE
KW  - DESHYDRATATION
KW  - HYDRATATION
KW  - BOISSON
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=371825
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UR  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=371825
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Schaefer, K
T1  - NASA's Earth Observation System Data Information System
JO  - Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science
JF  - Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science
Y1  - 1995/04//Apr-May 1995
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 15
SN  - 00954403
AB  - NASA's EOSDIS (Earth Observation System Data Information System) was created to handle the size and variety of data now available and to promote cross-discipline research. It drastically reduces the time spent searching for relevant data, allowing scientists to focus their research efforts on changes in the Earth's environment. EOSDIS allows scientists to search many data centers and disciplines quickly and easily, quickening the pace of research.
KW  - INFORMATION dissemination
KW  - INFORMATION processing
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - Environmental information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3001789; Schaefer, K 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration;  Source Info: Apr-May 1995, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p13; Note: Update Code: 3000; Subject Term: INFORMATION dissemination; Subject Term: INFORMATION processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental information; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcia, Oswaldo
AU  - Pagan, Kathy L.
AU  - Foschi, Patricia G.
AU  - Gaines, Steven E.
AU  - Hipskind, R. Stephen
T1  - Detection of polar stratospheric clouds over Antarctica using AVHRR images obtained at Palmer Station during August 1992.
JO  - Polar Record
JF  - Polar Record
Y1  - 1995/04//
VL  - 31
IS  - 177
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 226
SN  - 00322474
AB  - Four case studies are presented that focus on a joint analysis of AVHRR images with other independently obtained data sets to identify examples of both optically thick and thin polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) over Antarctica. Optically thick PSCs are shown to be readily identifiable by the temperature signatures in AVHRR channel 5 images over the Antarctic Peninsula–Weddell Sea area. A time series of optically thick PSCs as seen in satellite images obtained at Palmer Station, Antarctica, is produced and discussed. Four events are identified and discussed where the areal coverage by cold temperatures indicative of PSCs expands to cover a significant portion of the area sampled. Plans for further research are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Polar Record is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 56903483; Garcia, Oswaldo; Pagan, Kathy L. 1; Foschi, Patricia G. 2; Gaines, Steven E. 3; Hipskind, R. Stephen 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geosciences, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; 2: Department of Geography and Human Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; 3: Sterling Software, 1121 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; 4: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 1995, Vol. 31 Issue 177, p211; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0032247400013711
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107427350
T1  - Factors in daily physical activity related to calcaneal mineral density in men.
AU  - Hutchinson TM
AU  - Whalen RT
AU  - Cleek TM
AU  - Vogel JM
AU  - Arnaud SB
Y1  - 1995/05//1995 May
N1  - Accession Number: 107427350. Language: English. Entry Date: 19951101. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: This work was funded by grants from the Musculoskeletal Research Program at NASA Ames Research Center. NLM UID: 8005433. 
KW  - Bone Density -- Evaluation
KW  - Exertion -- Evaluation
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Walking
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Adult
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Male
KW  - Human
SP  - 745
EP  - 750
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JA  - MED SCI SPORTS EXERC
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0195-9131
AD  - Life Sciences Division (MS: 239-11), NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
U2  - PMID: 7674880.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steffen, Kenneth L.
AU  - Wheeler, Raymond M.
AU  - Arora, Rajeev
AU  - Palta, Jiwan P.
AU  - Tibbitts, Theodore W.
T1  - Balancing photosynthetic light-harvesting and light-utilization capacities in potato leaf tissue during acclimation to different growth temperatures.
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1995/05//
VL  - 94
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 56
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00319317
AB  - We investigated the effect of temperature during growth and development on the relationship between light-harvesting capacity, indicated by chlorophyll concentration, and light-utilization potential, indicated by light- and bicarbonate-saturated photosynthetic oxygen evolution, in Solanum tuberosum L. ev. Norland. Clonal plantlets were transplanted and grown at 20°C for 2 weeks before transfer to 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28°C for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks of the temperature treatments, leaf tissue fresh weights per area were one-third higher in plants grown at 12°C vs those grown at 28°C. Conversely, chlorophyll content per area in tissue grown at 12°C was less than one-half of that of tissue grown at 28°C at 4 weeks. Photosynthetic capacity measured at a common temperature of 20°C and expressed on a chlorophyll basis was inversely proportional to growth temperature. Leaf tissue from plants grown at 12°C for 4 weeks had photosynthetic rates that were 3-fold higher on a chlorophyll basis than comparable tissue from plants grown at 28°C. These results suggest that the relationship between light-harvesting capacity and light-utilization potential varies 3-fold in response to the growth temperatures examined. The role of this response in avoidance of photoinhibition is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Harvesting
KW  - Acclimatization
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Potatoes
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Acclimation
KW  - chlorophyll
KW  - light
KW  - photoinhibition
KW  - photosynthesis
KW  - potato
KW  - respiration
KW  - Solanum tuberosum
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 12726189; Steffen, Kenneth L. 1; Wheeler, Raymond M. 2; Arora, Rajeev 3; Palta, Jiwan P. 4; Tibbitts, Theodore W. 4; Affiliations: 1: K. L. Steffen (corresponding author), Dept of Horticulture, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16801, USA;; 2: R. M. Wheeler, Biomedical Operations/Research, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899–00, USA;; 3: R. Arora, Div. Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;; 4: J. P. Palta and T. W. Tibbitts, Dept of Horticulture, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.; Issue Info: May95, Vol. 94 Issue 1, p51; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Harvesting; Thesaurus Term: Acclimatization; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Potatoes; Thesaurus Term: Chlorophyll; Thesaurus Term: Plant growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acclimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: light; Author-Supplied Keyword: photoinhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: potato; Author-Supplied Keyword: respiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solanum tuberosum; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115113 Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 413150 Fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111211 Potato Farming; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.940108.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Michael
AU  - Pohorille, Rew
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Blake1, David
T1  - Probing the structure of cometary ice.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1995/06//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 19
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Computer simulations of bulk and vapor deposited amorphous ices are presented. The structure of the bulk low density amorphous ice is in good agreement with experiments on pressure disordered amorphous ice. Both the low density bulk ice and the vapor deposited ices exhibit strong ordering. Vapor deposition of hot (300 K) water molecules onto a cold (77 K) substrate yields less porous ices than deposition of cold (77 K) water molecules onto a cold subtrate. Both vapor deposited ices are more porous than the bulk amorphous ice. The structure of bulk high density amorphous ice is only in fair agreement with experimental results. Attempts to simulate high density amorphous ice via vapor deposition were not successful. Electron diffraction results on vapor deposited amorphous ice indicate that the temperature of the nucleation of the cubic phase depends upon the amount of time between the deposition and the onset of crystallization, suggesting that freshly deposited ice layers reconstruct on times of the order of hours. The temperature dependence of the microporosity of the vapor deposited amorphous ices might affect laboratory experiments that are aimed at simulating astrophysical ices in the context of the origin of prebiotic organic material and its transport to the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Amorphous substances
KW  - Ice
KW  - Crystallization
KW  - Prebiotics
N1  - Accession Number: 72992049; Wilson, Michael; Pohorille, Rew; Jenniskens, Peter 1; Blake1, David 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, 94035 Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: 1995, Vol. 25 Issue 1-3, p3; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Computer simulation; Subject Term: Amorphous substances; Subject Term: Ice; Subject Term: Crystallization; Subject Term: Prebiotics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/BF01581570
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Prebiotic polymerization: Oxidative polymerization of 2,3-dimercapto-l-propanol on the surface of iron(III) hydroxide oxide.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1995/06//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 60
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The oxidation of 2,3-dimercapto-l-propanol by ferric ions on the surface of iron(III) hydroxide oxide (Fe(OH)O) yielded polydisulfide oligomers. This polymerization occurred readily at low dithiol concentration under mild aqueous conditions. Polydisulfide polymers up to the 15-mer were synthesized from 1 mM dithiol in 5 ml water reacted with iron(III) hydroxide oxide (20 mg, 160 µ mole Fe) for 3 days under anaerobic conditions at 40 °C and pH 4. About 91% of the dithiol was converted to short soluble oligomers and 9% to insoluble larger oligomers that were isolated with the Fe (OH)O phase. Reactions carried out at the same ratio of dithiol to Fe(OH)O but at higher dithiol concentrations gave higher yields of the larger insoluble oligomers. The relationship of these results to prebiotic polymer synthesis is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Propanols
KW  - Iron ions
KW  - Oligomers
KW  - Polymers
N1  - Accession Number: 72992052; Weber, Arthur 1; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4 94035-1000 Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: 1995, Vol. 25 Issue 1-3, p53; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Oxidation; Subject Term: Propanols; Subject Term: Iron ions; Subject Term: Oligomers; Subject Term: Polymers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/BF01581573
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2004-17632-014
AN  - 2004-17632-014
AU  - Kaiser, Mary K.
AU  - Hecht, Heiko
T1  - Phenomenal Theories and Theoretical Phenomena in Perception.
JF  - Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
JO  - Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books
Y1  - 1995/07//
VL  - 40
IS  - 7
SP  - 653
EP  - 655
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0010-7549
N1  - Accession Number: 2004-17632-014. Other Journal Title: PsycCRITIQUES. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Kaiser, Mary K.; National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA), Ames Research Center, Aerospace Human Factors Research Division, Moffett Field, CA, US. Release Date: 20050129. Publication Type: Electronic Collection (0500). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Review-Book. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Theories; Visual Perception. Minor Descriptor: Perception. Classification: Visual Perception (2323). Population: Human (10). Reviewed Item: Masin, Sergio C. (Ed). Foundations of Perceptual Theory=Amsterdam: North-Holland/Elsevier Science, 424 pp. $134.25 (df. 235,-); 1993. Ben-Ze'ev, Aaron. The Perceptual System: A Philosophical and Psychological Perspective=New York: Lang, 220 pp. $29.95; 1993. Page Count: 3. Issue Publication Date: Jul, 1995. 
KW  - perceptual theory
KW  - visual perception
KW  - 1995
KW  - Theories
KW  - Visual Perception
KW  - Perception
U2  - Masin, Sergio C. (Ed). (1993); Foundations of Perceptual Theory; Amsterdam: North-Holland/Elsevier Science, 424 pp. $134.25 (df. 235,-); 0-444-89496-9.
U2  - Ben-Ze'ev, Aaron. (1993); The Perceptual System: A Philosophical and Psychological Perspective; New York: Lang, 220 pp. $29.95; 0-8204-1872-2 (Paperback).
DO  - 10.1037/003796
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pvh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morowitz, Harold
AU  - Peterson, Eta
AU  - Chang, Sherwood
T1  - The synthesis of glutamic acid in the absence of enzymes: Implications for biogenesis.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1995/08//
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 399
SN  - 01696149
AB  - This paper reports on the non-enzymatic aqueous phase synthesis of amino acids from keto acids, ammonia and reducing agents. The facile synthesis of key metabolic intermediates, particularly in the glycolytic pathway, the citric acid cycle, and the first step of amino acid synthesis, lead to new ways of looking at the problem of biogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Glutamic acid
KW  - Amino acid synthesis
KW  - Intermediates (Chemistry)
KW  - Organic synthesis (Chemistry)
KW  - Enzymes
N1  - Accession Number: 72992131; Morowitz, Harold 1; Peterson, Eta 2; Chang, Sherwood 2; Affiliations: 1: George Mason University, 22030 Fairfax U.S.A.; 2: Planetary Biology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, 94035 Moffett Field U.S.A.; Issue Info: 1995, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p395; Thesaurus Term: Glutamic acid; Subject Term: Amino acid synthesis; Subject Term: Intermediates (Chemistry); Subject Term: Organic synthesis (Chemistry); Subject Term: Enzymes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/BF01581777
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pinelli, T E
AU  - Kene, M L
AU  - Kennedy, J M
AU  - Hecht, L F
T1  - From student to entry-level professional, examining the role of language and written communication in the reacculturation of aerospace engineering students
JO  - Technical Communication
JF  - Technical Communication
Y1  - 1995/08//
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 492
EP  - 503
SN  - 00493155
AB  - Language and written communication play a critical role in the reacculturation process that enables individuals to make a successful transition from the academic world to a professional environment. The importance of these skills is supported by a survey examining the technical communications abilities of aerospace engineering students and the technical communications practices of aerospace engineers and scientists.
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - LANGUAGE & languages
KW  - LINGUISTICS
KW  - Aerospace
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3003965; Pinelli, T E 1; Kene, M L; Kennedy, J M; Hecht, L F; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: Aug 1995, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p492; Note: Update Code: 3000; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: LANGUAGE & languages; Subject Term: LINGUISTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Allan H.
AU  - Chapman, David K.
AU  - Johnsson, Anders
AU  - Heathcote, David
T1  - Gravitropic responses of the <em>Avena</em> coleoptile in space adn on clinostats. I. Gravitropic response thresholds.
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1995/09//
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 33
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00319317
AB  - We conducted a series of gravitropic experiments on <em>Avena</em> coleoptiles in the weightlessness environment of Spacelab. The purpose was to test the threshold stimulus, reciprocity rule and autotropic reactions to a range of g-force stimulations of different intensities and durations The tests avoided the potentially complicating effects of earth's gravity and the interference from clinostat ambiguities. Using slow-speed centrifuges, coleoptiles received transversal accelerations in the hypogravity range between 0.1 and 1.0 g over periods that ranged from 2 to 130 min. All responses that occurred in weightlessness were compared to clinostat experiments on earth using the same apparatus. Characteristic gravitropistic response patterns of <em>Avena</em> were not substantially different from those observed in ground-based experiments. Gravitropic presentation times were extrapolated. The threshold at 1.0 g was less than 1 min (shortest stimulation time 2 min), in agreement with values obtained on the ground. The least stimulus tested, 0.1 g for 130 min, produced a significant response. Therefore the absolute threshold for a gravitropic response is less than 0.1 g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plants
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Oats
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Scientific experimentation
KW  - Stimulus intensity
KW  - <em>Arena sativa</em>
KW  - gravitropism
KW  - IML- 1
KW  - microgravitv
KW  - oat
KW  - reciprocity
KW  - space.
N1  - Accession Number: 12657064; Brown, Allan H. 1; Chapman, David K. 2; Johnsson, Anders 3; Heathcote, David 4; Affiliations: 1: Unir of Pennsylvania, Dept of Biology. Goddard Laboratories. Philadelphia. PA 19104-6617. USA: I). K. Chapman, Dynamac Corp. DYN-3, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. USA; 2: Dynamac Corp Dyn -3 Kennedy Space Center FL 32899 USA.; 3: Dept of Physics AVH, Univ of Trondheim. N-7055 Dragvoll, Norway.; 4: Martin Marietta, Mail, Code 244-19m Ames Research Center, Moffett Feld, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: Sep95, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p27; Thesaurus Term: Plants; Thesaurus Term: Geophysics; Subject Term: Oats; Subject Term: Gravity; Subject Term: Scientific experimentation; Subject Term: Stimulus intensity; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Arena sativa</em>; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: IML- 1; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravitv; Author-Supplied Keyword: oat; Author-Supplied Keyword: reciprocity; Author-Supplied Keyword: space.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111199 All Other Grain Farming; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1399-3054.ep12657064
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnsson, Anders
AU  - Brown, Allan H.
AU  - Chapman, David K.
AU  - Heatheote, David
AU  - Karlsson, Christina
T1  - Gravitropic responses of the <em>Avena</em> coleoptile in space and on clinostats. II. Is reciprocity valid?
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1995/09//
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 38
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00319317
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to determine if the reciprocity rule is valid for gravitropic responses of oat coleoptiles in the acceleration region below 1g. The rule predicts that the gravitropic response should be proportional to the product of the applied acceleration and the stimulation time. Seedlings were cultivated on 1g centrifuges and transferred to test centrifuges to apply a transverse g-stimulation. Since responses occurred in microgravity, the uncertainties about the validity of clinostat simulation of weightlessness was avoided. Plants at two stages of coleoptile development were tested. Plant responses were obtained using time-lapse video recordings that were analyzed after the flight. Stimulus intensities and durations were varied and ranged from 0.1 to 1.0g and from 2 to 130 min, respectively For threshold g-doses the reciprocity rule was obeyed. The threshold dose was of the order of 55 g sand 120 g s. respectively, for two groups of plants investigated. Reciprocity was studied also at bending responses which are from just above the detectable level to about 10 degrees. The validity of the rule could not be confirmed for higher g-doses, chiefly because the data were more variable. It was investigated whether the uniformity of the overall response data increased when the gravitropic dose was defined as (gm × t), with m-values different from unity. This was not the case and the reciprocity concept is, therefore, valid also in the hypogravity region. The concept of gravitropic dose, the product of the transverse acceleration and the stimulation time, is also well-defined in the acceleration region studied. With the same hardware, tests were done on earth where responses occurred on clinostats. The results did not contradict the reciprocity rule but scatter in the data was large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Seedlings
KW  - Plants
KW  - Oats
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Stimulus intensity
KW  - <em>Avena sativa</em>
KW  - gravitropism
KW  - IML-1
KW  - microgravity
KW  - oat
KW  - reciprocity
KW  - space.
N1  - Accession Number: 12657074; Johnsson, Anders 1; Brown, Allan H. 2; Chapman, David K. 3; Heatheote, David 4; Karlsson, Christina 1; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Physicst AVH, Univ. of Trondheim, N-7055 Dragvoll. Norway.; 2: Univ of Pennsylvania. Dept of Biology. Philadelphia, PA 19104-6017, USA; 3: Dynamac Corp. DYN-3, Kennedy Space Center. FL 32899, USA; 4: Martin Marietta. Mail Code 244-19, Ames Research Center, Moffert Field, CA 94035. USA.; Issue Info: Sep95, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p34; Thesaurus Term: Seedlings; Thesaurus Term: Plants; Subject Term: Oats; Subject Term: Gravity; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Stimulus intensity; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Avena sativa</em>; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: IML-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: oat; Author-Supplied Keyword: reciprocity; Author-Supplied Keyword: space.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111199 All Other Grain Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1399-3054.ep12657074
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107337299
T1  - Basic principles for measurement of intramuscular pressure.
AU  - Hargens AR
AU  - Ballard RE
Y1  - 1995/10//1995 Oct
N1  - Accession Number: 107337299. Language: English. Entry Date: 19970901. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts; tracings. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: National Aeronautics Space Administration grant nos. 199-14-12-04 and 199-26-12-36. NLM UID: 9306118. 
KW  - Pressure (Physiology) -- Evaluation
KW  - Monitoring, Direct Pressure -- Methods
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Catheters
KW  - Compartment Syndromes
SP  - 237
EP  - 242
JO  - Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
JF  - Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
JA  - OPER TECHNIQ SPORTS MED
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
AB  - We review historical and methodological approaches to measurements of intramuscular pressure (IMP) in humans. These techniques provide valuable measures of muscle tone and activity as well as diagnostic criteria for evaluation of exertional compartment syndrome. Although the wick and slit catheter techniques provide accurate measurements of IMP at rest, their value for exercise studies and diagnosis of exertional compartment syndrome is limited because of low frequency response and hydrostatic (static and inertial) pressure artifacts. Presently, most information on diagnosis of exertional compartment syndromes during dynamic exercise is available using the Myopress catheter. However, future research and clinical diagnosis using IMP can be optimized by the use of a miniature transducer-tipped catheter such as the Millar Mikro-tip.
SN  - 1060-1872
AD  - National Aeronautics Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107337439
T1  - Near infrared spectroscopy: a noninvasive technique for diagnosing exertional compartment syndrome.
AU  - Murthy G
AU  - Hargens AR
Y1  - 1995/10//1995 Oct
N1  - Accession Number: 107337439. Language: English. Entry Date: 19970901. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Director's Discretionary Fund grant no. 274-51-51-01. NLM UID: 9306118. 
KW  - Compartment Syndromes -- Diagnosis
KW  - Oxygenation -- Evaluation
KW  - Spectrum Analysis
KW  - Descriptive Research
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Human
SP  - 256
EP  - 258
JO  - Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
JF  - Operative Techniques in Sports Medicine
JA  - OPER TECHNIQ SPORTS MED
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
AB  - Dual-wave near infrared spectroscopy provides a valuable noninvasive means for monitoring intramuscular oxygen content and potentially for diagnosing exertional compartment syndrome (ECS). The optical technique exploits the difference in optical absorption spectra between oxygenated and deoxygenated states of hemoglobin and myoglobin. By calculating the arithmetic difference between the two absorption spectra, a continuous assessment of tissue oxygenation is generated, which is independent of the overall perfusion state of the muscle. Near-infrared spectroscopy has been used to diagnose ECS in the anterior compartment of the lower leg with exercise in subjects with simulated ECS and in patients with confirmed ECS. In both cases, tissue oxygen decreased significantly within the first minute of exercise compared with healthy control subjects. Also, recovery times after exercise were two and six times as long for simulated ECS and actual ECS, respectively, as compared with healthy controls. These investigations document that near infrared spectroscopy is a unique method for noninvasively monitoring active in vivo metabolic processes of deep tissue and, therefore, holds promise for research and diagnoses of disorders involving upper and lower extremities.
SN  - 1060-1872
AD  - Gravitational Research Branch (239-11), National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pederson, J.R.
AU  - Massman, W.J.
AU  - Mahrt, L.
AU  - Delany, A.
AU  - Oncley, S.
AU  - Hartog, G.Den
AU  - Neumann, H.H.
AU  - Mickle, R.E.
AU  - Shaw, R.H.
AU  - Paw U, K.T.
AU  - Grantz, D.A.
AU  - MacPherson, J.I.
AU  - Desjardins, R.
AU  - Schuepp, P.H.
AU  - Pearson, R.
AU  - Arcado, T.E.
T1  - California ozone deposition experiment: Methods, results, and opportunities.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 1995/11//
VL  - 29
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 3115
EP  - 3132
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The California Ozone Deposition Experiment (CODE) is a program of observations and modeling to improve estimates of the rate of removal of tropospheric ozone at the earth's surface used in grid-based photochemical models of ozone production, transport, and removal. The purpose of CODE is to test, diagnose and improve treatment of dry deposition of ozone and other gaseous species. CODE supports a larger air quality measurement and modeling effort comprised of the San Joaquin Valley Air Quality Study (SJVAQS) and Atmospheric-Utilities Signatures: Predictions and Experiments (AUSPEX) joined as SJVAQS/AUSPEX Regional Model Adaptation Project (SARMAP). However, the CODE data are also applicable to a variety of boundary layer and turbulence problems. This paper describes the field methods and data collected during summer (10 July through 6 August) of 1991 in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California and introduces several related papers. General comparisons and conclusions from all the participants are summarized. The core elements of the CODE field effort consisted of a research aircraft for spatial coverage and three ground sites located in a cotton field, grape vineyard, and very dry (senescent) annual grassland. A major portion of the SJV is represented by these three vegetation types. The eddy covariance method is used to compute the vertical fluxes of ozone, carbon dioxide, water vapor, sensible heat and momentum. For the first half of the study period, flights were made mainly for comparison with tower-based fluxes. Subsequent flights were over other vegetation types and to conduct special studies. In addition to the vertical fluxes, the ground-site data include individual leaf measurements of stomatal conductance, radiative leaf temperature, wetness of surrogate leaves, soil temperature profiles and heat flux, soil composition and water content, mean nitrogen oxide and ozone concentrations, solar and net radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, and vertical profiles of wind, temperature, ozone and water vapor. Aircraft data also include reflected short-wave radiation, surface greenness index and radiative surface temperature. Several factors simplify analyses: a nearly constant synoptic situation, lack of cloud cover, low-level (30 m) flights and land use characterized by extensive homogeneous areas with well defined interfaces. Repeated five-km aircraft runs, necessary for a representative flux calculation, were commonly made over a single crop type. In addition, a partial (60%) solar eclipse on 11 July provides an opportunity to examine the influence of light intensity upon the plant-atmosphere exchange of carbon dioxide and ozone via stomatal activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Air quality -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Tropospheric ozone -- Environmental aspects
KW  - San Joaquin Valley (Calif.)
KW  - aircraft remote sensing
KW  - eddy covariance
KW  - Ozone deposition
N1  - Accession Number: 119369990; Pederson, J.R. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Massman, W.J. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Mahrt, L. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Delany, A. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Oncley, S. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Hartog, G.Den 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Neumann, H.H. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Mickle, R.E. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Shaw, R.H. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Paw U, K.T. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Grantz, D.A. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; MacPherson, J.I. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Desjardins, R. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Schuepp, P.H. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Pearson, R. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Arcado, T.E. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12; Affiliations: 1: California Air Resources Board, Technical Support Division, Modeling Support Section, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, CA 95812, U.S.A.; 2: USDA/Forest Service, 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, U.S.A.; 3: Atmospheric Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A.; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, U.S.A.; 5: Atmospheric Environment Service, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3H5T4; 6: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.; 7: University of California, Riverside, Kearney Agricultural Center, 9240 S. Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648, U.S.A.; 8: Flight Research Laboratory, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6; 9: Land Resource Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0C6; 10: Department of Renewable Resources, Macdonald Campus, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9; 11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.; 12: Technical and Ecological Services, Pacific Gas and Electric Co., San Ramon, CA 94583, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Nov1995, Vol. 29 Issue 21, p3115; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Air quality -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Tropospheric ozone -- Environmental aspects; Subject: San Joaquin Valley (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: eddy covariance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone deposition; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00136-M
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=119369990&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paacpherson, J.I.
AU  - Desjardins, R.L.
AU  - Schuepp, P.H.
AU  - JrPearson, R.
T1  - Aircraft-measured ozone deposition in the San Joaquin Valley of California.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 1995/11//
VL  - 29
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 3133
EP  - 3145
SN  - 13522310
AB  - In the summer of 1991 the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Study Agency organized a four-week international field experiment to measure ozone concentrations and fluxes in the San Joaquin Valley of California. The field data are being used to improve the understanding of the exchange processes occurring between the atmosphere and various types of vegetation, and to develop a comprehensive computer model for ozone transport and deposition in the valley. The National Research Council of Canada (NRC) Twin Otter atmospheric research aircraft flew 24 flights in this program, measuring fluxes and deposition velocities adjacent to three highly instrumented tower facilities, each situated over a vegetation type significant to the area, i.e. cotton, grapes, and natural grassland. Having established a correlation between aircraft- and tower-measured fluxes at these reference locations, the aircraft was then used to measure fluxes at regional scales over several additional types of vegetation throughout the San Joaquin Valley. The paper will describe the instrumentation and flight procedures used to make these airborne flux measurements, with emphasis on ozone. Summary data will be presented on the correlation between ozone: deposition velocity and the greenness index, the ratio of reflected infrared to red radiation which is an indication of the density of green vegetation beneath the aircraft. Sample results from several special studies will also be presented; these include repeated runs on a regional scale, a grid study, an overflight of the City of Fresno, runs made adjacent to Interstate-5, and repeated passes over the cotton site during the solar eclipse on 11 July 1991. More detailed results from the Twin Otter operations in this experiment are presented in a series of companion papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - TRANSPORTATION
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Grasslands -- Environmental conditions
KW  - aircraft
KW  - California
KW  - idtOzone
N1  - Accession Number: 119369969; Paacpherson, J.I. 1; Desjardins, R.L. 2; Schuepp, P.H. 3; JrPearson, R. 4; Affiliations: 1: Flight Research Laboratory, Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ont., Canada, KIA OR6; 2: Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada, KIA OC6; 3: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, Stet. Anne-de-Bellevue, Que., Canada, H9X 3V9; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Nov1995, Vol. 29 Issue 21, p3133; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: TRANSPORTATION; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Subject Term: Atmospheric ozone; Subject Term: Grasslands -- Environmental conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: idtOzone; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/1352-2310(95)00114-E
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=119369969&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Massman, W.J.
AU  - Macpherson, J.I.
AU  - Delany, A.
AU  - Den Hartog, G.
AU  - Neumann, H.H.
AU  - Oncley, S.P.
AU  - JrPearson, R.
AU  - Pederson, J.
AU  - Shaw, R.H.
T1  - Surface conductances for ozone uptake derived from aircraft eddy correlation data.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 1995/11//
VL  - 29
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 3181
EP  - 3188
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Plants and soils act as major sinks for tropospheric ozone, especially during daylight hours when plant stomata are thought to provide the dominant pathway for ozone uptake. The present study, as part of the larger California Ozone Deposition Experiment, uses aircraft eddy covariance measurements taken during the summer of 1991 in the San Joaquin Valley of California to estimate the surface conductance for ozone uptake. To explore for possible sources of discrepancies between the aircraft-derived and tower-based surface conductances a comparison is first made between tower-based fluxes and aircraft fluxes at three tower-based sites. On the average the momentum and surface energy fluxes (sensible and latent heat) observed between 30 and 33 m altitude with an aircraft agreed to within ± 10% with simultaneously measured tower-based fluxes (observed between 4 and 10 m at a vineyard, a cotton and a grassland site). However, comparisons of the aircraft- and tower-based ozone fluxes indicate that between about 4 and 33 m there is an average loss of ozone flux with height of about 18%. It is suggested that either (or both) soil NO emissions or entrainment of ozone free air at the top of the mixed layer may be responsible for this relatively larger discrepancy in the ozone fluxes. Nevertheless, in spite of any relatively larger uncertainties associated with the ozone flux, the tower-based and aircraft-based conductances are in good agreement. The aircraft-derived conductances display a similar magnitude and range of variation as the tower-based conductances and the regression coefficient between the two sets of conductances is 0.9 ± 0.08. Therefore, results from this study suggest that the aircraft can be used to estimate surface conductances of ozone deposition; however, these conductances are subject to large uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Air quality -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Stomata
KW  - Latent heat
KW  - San Joaquin Valley (Calif.)
KW  - aircraft and tower eddy covariance fluxes
KW  - Ozone dry deposition
KW  - ozone surface conductances
KW  - San Joaquin Valley
N1  - Accession Number: 119369991; Massman, W.J. 1; Macpherson, J.I. 2; Delany, A. 3; Den Hartog, G. 4; Neumann, H.H. 4; Oncley, S.P. 3; JrPearson, R. 5; Pederson, J. 6; Shaw, R.H. 7; Affiliations: 1: USDA/Forest Service, 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, U.S.A.; 2: Institute for Aerospace Research, National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, U.S.A.; 4: Atmospheric Environment Service, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4; 5: MS-245-5, NASA Ames Research Center, P.O. Box 1000, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, U.S.A.; 6: California Air Resources Board, P.O. Box 2815, Sacramento, CA 95812, U.S.A.; 7: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Nov1995, Vol. 29 Issue 21, p3181; Thesaurus Term: Tropospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Air quality -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Stomata; Subject Term: Latent heat; Subject: San Joaquin Valley (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft and tower eddy covariance fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone dry deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone surface conductances; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin Valley; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/1352-2310(94)00330-N
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duarte, Deborah
AU  - Lewis, Andrea
AU  - Hoffman, Edward J.
AU  - Crossman, Dale
T1  - A Career Development Model for Project Management Workforces.
JO  - Journal of Career Development (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Career Development (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 1995///Winter1995
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 164
SN  - 08948453
AB  - The article reports that career development for individuals in engineering and engineering management has been a much-studied topic in the past three decades. The realization that the engineering and technical management field is changing at a rapid pace is leading researchers to explore the parameters of career paths and continuing education for engineers. Concomitant with the interest in engineering education and career development has been a focus on transitioning engineers into management roles.
KW  - CAREER development
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - PROFESSIONAL education
KW  - OCCUPATIONS
KW  - OCCUPATIONAL training
KW  - HIGHER education
N1  - Accession Number: 16510421; Duarte, Deborah 1; Lewis, Andrea 1; Hoffman, Edward J. 2; Crossman, Dale 2; Affiliations: 1: Creative Solutions International.; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: Winter1995, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p149; Thesaurus Term: CAREER development; Thesaurus Term: ENGINEERING; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Thesaurus Term: PROFESSIONAL education; Thesaurus Term: OCCUPATIONS; Thesaurus Term: OCCUPATIONAL training; Subject Term: HIGHER education; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611430 Professional and Management Development Training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Cheeseman, Peter
AU  - Stutz, John
AD  - RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center
A2  - Fayyad, Usama M.
T1  - Bayesian Classification (AutoClass): Theory and Results
T2  - Advances in knowledge discovery and data mining
PB  - Menlo Park, Calif.:
PB  - American Association for Artificial Intelligence Press;
PB  - Cambridge and London:
PB  - MIT Press
Y1  - 1996///
SP  - 153
EP  - 180
N1  - Accession Number: 0464438 Partial authors List; ; Reviewed Book ISBN: 0-262-56097-6; Keywords: Bayesian; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 199807
KW  - Bayesian Analysis: General          C11
KW  - Data Collection and Data Estimation Methodology; Computer Programs: General          C80
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107366987
T1  - CD-ROM: a review of the 1994-1995 literature.
AU  - Adkins SL
Y1  - 1996/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 107366987. Language: English. Entry Date: 19960401. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Computer/Information Science; USA. NLM UID: 9884373. 
KW  - CD ROM
KW  - Literature Review
SP  - 66
EP  - 74
JO  - Computers in Libraries
JF  - Computers in Libraries
JA  - COMPUT LIBR
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
CY  - Medford, New Jersey
PB  - Information Today Inc.
AB  - If you didn't have time to read all the articles published about CD-ROM recently, scan our time-saving literature.
SN  - 1041-7915
AD  - NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Exercise thermoregulation after 6 h of chair rest, 6 degree head-down bed-rest, and water immersion deconditioning in men. / Regulation thermique du fait de l ' exercice apres une diminution de l ' activite physique, soit apres 6 h de repos sur une chaise, soit le repos sur un lit et la tete inclinee vers le bas, soit apres une immersion dans l ' eau de 6 h.
AU  - Greenleaf, J.E.
AU  - HutcHinson, T.
AU  - Shaffer-Bailey, M.
AU  - Looft-Wilson, R.
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology & Occupational Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology & Occupational Physiology
Y1  - 1996/02//
VL  - 72
IS  - 4
SP  - 303
EP  - 309
CY  - ; 
SN  - 03015548
N1  - Accession Number: SPH392973; Author: Greenleaf, J.E.: 1 Author: HutcHinson, T. Author: Shaffer-Bailey, M. Author: Looft-Wilson, R. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Laboratory for Human Environmental Physiology (239-11), Gravitational Research Branch, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP496; References: 19; General Notes: Illustrated. ENSA, CHAMONIX. Cote: PI39. Acces: copie. K5.5 - ADAPTATION : TEMPERATURE, PRESSION, ALTITUDE, POLLUTION...; Database Subset: HE; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 19960701; SIRC Article No.: 392973
N2  - The purpose was to investigate the mechanism for the excessive exercise hyperthermia following deconditioning (reduction of physical fitness). Rectal (Tre) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures and thermoregulatory responses were measured in six men (mean (SD) age, 32 (6) years; mass, 78.26 (5.80) kg; surface area, 1.95 (0.11) m2; maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), 48(6) ml.min-1.kg-1; whilst supine in air at dry bulb temperature 23.2 (0.6) degrees C, relative humidity 31.1 (11.1) percent and air speed 5.6 (0.1) m.min-1) during 70 min of leg cycle exercise (51 (4) percent VO2max) in ambulatory control (AC), or following 6 h of chair rest (CR), 6 degrees head-down bed rest (BR), and 20 degrees (WI20) and 80 degrees (WI80) foot-down water immersion (water temperature, 35.0 (0.1) degrees C). Compared with the CR was 0.83 (0.08) degrees C (NS), after BR 0.92 (0.13) degrees C (*P less than 0.05), after WI80 0.96(0.13) degrees C*, and after WI20 1.03 (0.09) degrees C. all Tsk responded similarly to exercise: they decreased (NS) by 0.5-0.7 degrees C in minutes 4-8 and equilibrated at plus 0.1 to plus 0.5 degrees C at 60-70. Skin heat conductance was not different among the five conditions (range=147-159 kJ.m-2.h-1. degrees C-1). Results from an intercorrelation matrix suggested that total body sweat rate was more closely related to Tre at 70 min (Tre70) than limbsweat rate or blood flow. Only 36 percent of the variability in Tre70 could be accounted for by total sweating, and less than 10 percent from total body dehydration. It would appear that multiple factors are involved which may include change in sensitivity of thermo- and osmoreceptors.
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - *ENERGY metabolism
KW  - *BODY temperature
KW  - *BLOOD flow
KW  - *AEROBIC capacity
KW  - *TRAINING
KW  - *SKIN temperature
KW  - MALES
KW  - YOUNG adults
KW  - ADULTHOOD
KW  - WATER immersion
KW  - BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION
KW  - DETRAINING
KW  - INTENSITE-DE-L-EFFORTREGULATION-THERMIQUE
KW  - REPOS
KW  - TEMPERATURE-AMBIANTE
KW  - CONSOMMATION-D-OXYGENE
KW  - TEMPERATURE-CORPORELLE
KW  - CIRCULATION-SANGUINE
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=392973
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UR  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=392973
UR  - http://link.springer.de
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Wanda
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Origins of life: A comparison of theories and application to Mars.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 73
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The field of study that deals with the origins of life does not have a consensus for a theory of life's origin. An analysis of the range of theories offered shows that they share some common features that may be reliable predictors when considering the possible origins of life on another planet. The fundamental datum dealing with the origins of life is that life appeared early in the history of the Earth, probably before 3.5 Ga and possibly before 3.8 Ga. What might be called the standard theory (the Oparin-Haldane theory) posits the production of organic molecules on the early Earth followed by chemical reactions that produced increased organic complexity leading eventually to organic life capable of reproduction, mutation, and selection using organic material as nutrients. A distinct class of other theories (panspermia theories) suggests that life was carried to Earth from elsewhere - these theories receive some support from recent work on planetary impact processes. Other alternatives to the standard model suggest that life arose as an inorganic (clay) form and/or that the initial energy source was not organic material but chemical energy or sunlight. We find that the entire range of current theories suggests that liquid water is the quintessential environmental criterion for both the origin and sustenance of life. It is therefore of interest that during the time that life appeared on Earth we have evidence for liquid water present on the surface of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mutation (Biology)
KW  - Origin of life
KW  - Chemical reactions
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Nuclear models
N1  - Accession Number: 72992151; Davis, Wanda; McKay, Christopher 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, 94035-1000 Moffett Field; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p61; Thesaurus Term: Mutation (Biology); Subject Term: Origin of life; Subject Term: Chemical reactions; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Nuclear models; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/BF01808160
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107304811
T1  - Cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight.
AU  - Hargens AR
AU  - Watenpaugh DE
Y1  - 1996/08//1996 Aug
N1  - Accession Number: 107304811. Language: English. Entry Date: 19970101. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts; tracings. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: NASA grant 199-14-12-04. NLM UID: 8005433. 
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Cardiovascular System
KW  - Gravitation
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Cerebrovascular Circulation
KW  - Gravitation -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Blood Pressure -- Physiology
KW  - Microcirculation -- Physiology
KW  - Recovery
SP  - 977
EP  - 982
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JA  - MED SCI SPORTS EXERC
VL  - 28
IS  - 8
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0195-9131
AD  - Gravitational Research Branch, Life Science Division (239-11), NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
U2  - PMID: 8871907.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Allan H.
AU  - Johnsson, Anders
AU  - Chapman, David K.
AU  - Heathcote, David
T1  - Gravitropic responses of the <em>Avena</em> coleoptile in space and on clinostats. IV. The clinostat as a substitute for space experiments.
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1996/09//
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 214
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00319317
AB  - Gravitropic responses of dark grown oat coleoptiles were measured in weightlessness and under clinorotation on earth. The tests in microgravity were conducted in Spacelab during the IML-1 mission and those on clinostats were conducted in laboratories on earth. The same apparatus was used for both kinds of tests. In both cases autotropism and gravitropic responsiveness were determined. This allowed a quantitative comparison between the plants' responses after receiving the same tropistic stimulations either in weightlessness of on clinostats. Autotropism was observed without oat coleoptiles responding in weightlessness but it did not occur on clinostats. Gravitropic responsiveness was measured as the ratio between the incremental bending response (degrees curvature) and the corresponding incremental g-dose (stimulus intensity times duration for which it was applied). Plants were tested at either of two stages of coleoptile development (i.e. different coleoptile lengths). From a total of six different kinds of critical comparison that could be made from our tests that provided data for clinorotated vs weightless plants. three showed no significant difference between responses in stimulated vs authentic weightlessness. Three other comparisons showed highly significant differences. Therefore, the validity of clinorotation as a general substitute for space flight was not supported by these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extreme environments
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Gravitation
KW  - Weightlessness
KW  - Field theory (Physics)
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - <em>Avena</em>
KW  - clinostat
KW  - gravitropism
KW  - microgravity
KW  - space.
N1  - Accession Number: 12660586; Brown, Allan H. 1; Johnsson, Anders 2; Email Address: anders@alfa.avli.until.no; Chapman, David K. 3; Heathcote, David 4; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Laboratories, Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6017, USA.; 2: Dept. of Physics, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, N-7055 Dragvoll, Norway.; 3: Bionetics Corp. BIO-3, Kennedy Space, Center, FL 32899, USA.; 4: Mailcode 244-19, Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA, 94035, USA.; Issue Info: Sep96, Vol. 98 Issue 1, p210; Thesaurus Term: Extreme environments; Thesaurus Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Gravitation; Subject Term: Weightlessness; Subject Term: Field theory (Physics); Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Avena</em>; Author-Supplied Keyword: clinostat; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: space.; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1399-3054.ep12660586
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=12660586&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kauffmann Jr., Paul J.
AU  - Cockrell, Charles E.
T1  - STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF RECEIPT INSPECTION.
JO  - Production & Inventory Management Journal
JF  - Production & Inventory Management Journal
Y1  - 1996///1996 3rd Quarter
VL  - 37
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 51
SN  - 08978336
AB  - This article describes an organizational quality improvement effort at a large federal research center which used the receipt inspection activity as a catalyst for change. A federal research center was in the initial stages of a sitewide quality improvement effort. With 3,000 employees and contractors on site and a mission that covered aeronautic and aerospace research and testing activities, this was a challenging task. Due to the impact that failure of a single piece of hardware could have on the unique, one-of-a-kind products and facilities of the center, the receipt inspection area was identified as a critical activity in the quality effort. Management's primary objective in developing an improvement plan for receipt inspection was to change the process from reactive to proactive in nature. In the past, the receipt inspection function had simply presented results from the sampling process. Management made a determination to turn this effort into one which proactively made a difference in the quality of a product which arrived for inspection.
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - STRATEGIC planning
KW  - QUALITY assurance
KW  - QUALITY of products
KW  - BUSINESS records
KW  - BUSINESS planning
N1  - Accession Number: 11941631; Kauffmann Jr., Paul J. 1; Cockrell, Charles E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Thomas Nelson Community College, PO Box 9407, Hampton, VA 23670; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Office of Safety, Environmental, and Mission Assurance, Hampton, VA 23681; Issue Info: 1996 3rd Quarter, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p47; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH institutes; Thesaurus Term: STRATEGIC planning; Thesaurus Term: QUALITY assurance; Thesaurus Term: QUALITY of products; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS records; Thesaurus Term: BUSINESS planning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Salama, F.
T1  - Organics in the diffuse interstellar medium.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 207
EP  - 207
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Organics in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium," by F. Salana presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Interstellar matter -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009363; Salama, F. 1; Email Address: salama@ssal.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division , NASA-Ames Research Center , 94035 Moffett Field; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p207; Subject Term: Interstellar matter -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459715
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009363&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Lerner, Narcinda
AU  - Cooper, George
T1  - Products of the Strecker synthesis as indicators of parent body conditons of the Murchison meteorite.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 210
EP  - 211
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Products of the Strecker Synthesis As Indicators of Parent Body Conditions of the Murchison Meteorite," by Narcinda R. Lerner and George W. Cooper presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Meteorites -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009365; Lerner, Narcinda 1; Cooper, George 2; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch NASA Ames Research Center , 94035 Moffett Field USA; 2: SETI Institute , 94035 Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p210; Subject Term: Meteorites -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459717
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009365&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Cooper, G.
AU  - Thiemens, M.
AU  - Jackson, T.
AU  - Chang, S.
T1  - Sulfur and hydrogen isotope anomalies in organic compounds from the Murchison meteorite.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 213
EP  - 214
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Sulfur and Hydrogen Isotope Anomalies in Organic Compounds From the Murchison Meteorite," by G. W. Cooper and colleagues presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Hydrogen isotopes -- Abstracts
KW  - Sulfur isotopes -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009367; Cooper, G.; Thiemens, M. 1; Jackson, T. 1; Chang, S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Chemistry , U. of California-San Diego , 92093 La Jolla USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center , 94035 Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p213; Subject Term: Hydrogen isotopes -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Sulfur isotopes -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459719
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009367&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Summers, David
AU  - Lerner, Narcinda
T1  - Strecker synthesis using ammonia from iron(II) reduction of nitrite: Do iron(II) and cyanide interfere with each other?
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 221
EP  - 222
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Strecker Synthesis Using Ammonia From Iron(II) Reduction of Nitrite: Do Iron(II) and Cyanide Interfere With Each Other?," by David P. Summers presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Iron -- Abstracts
KW  - Cyanides -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009371; Summers, David 1; Email Address: Summers@Ethyl-the-Frog.ARC.NASA.gov; Lerner, Narcinda 2; Email Address: Narcinda_Lerner@QMGate.ARC.NASA.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute , NASA Ames Research Center , 94035-1000 Moffett Field USA; 2: NASA , NASA Ames Research Center , 94035-1000 Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p221; Subject Term: Iron -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Cyanides -- Abstracts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459723
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009371&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Des Marais, David
T1  - Isotopic evidence for changes in the biogeochemical carbon cycle during the early-and mid-proterzoic eon: Implications for the biosphere and atmosphere.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 295
EP  - 296
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Isotopic Evidence for Changes in the Biogeochemical Carbon Cycle During the Early- and Mid-Proterzoic Eon: Implications for the Biosphere and Atmosphere," by David J. Des Marais presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Abstracts
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009415; Des Marais, David 1; Affiliations: 1: Ames Research Center , 94035 Moffett Field U.S.A.; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p295; Subject Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Biogeochemical cycles -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459767
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009415&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Life on Mars.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 300
EP  - 300
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Life on Mars," by Christopher P. McKay presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Extraterrestrial life -- Abstracts
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 73009418; McKay, Christopher 1; Email Address: mckay@gal.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, 94035 Moffett Field; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p300; Subject Term: Extraterrestrial life -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459770
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009418&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Quinn, Richard
AU  - Zent, Aaron
T1  - Simulations of the viking biology experiments using peroxide modified titanium dioxide.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 304
EP  - 305
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Simulations of the Viking Biology Experiments Using Peroxide Modified Titanium Dioxide," by Richard C. Quinn presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Biology -- Abstracts
KW  - Peroxides -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009422; Quinn, Richard 1; Zent, Aaron 1; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute , NASA Ames Research Center , 94035 Moffett Field; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p304; Subject Term: Biology -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Peroxides -- Abstracts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459774
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009422&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - The metabolic world; sugars as an energized carbon substrate for prebiotic and biotic synthesis.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 466
EP  - 467
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "The Metabolic World: Sugars As an Energized Carbon Substrate for Prebiotic and Biotic Synthesis," by Arthur L. Weber presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Sugars -- Abstracts
KW  - Prebiotics -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009521; Weber, Arthur 1; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute , NASA Ames Research Center , 94035 Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p466; Subject Term: Sugars -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Prebiotics -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459873
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009521&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Faguy, David
AU  - Hochstein, Lawrence
T1  - ATP synthesis in vesicles from Halobacterium saccharovorum: Investigation into the nature of the ATP synthase.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 484
EP  - 484
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "ATP Synthesis in Vesicles From Halobacterium Saccharovorum: Investigation Into the Nature of the ATP Synthase," by David F. Faguy and Lawrence I. Hochstein presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Adenosinetriphosphate synthesis -- Abstracts
KW  - Halobacterium -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009531; Faguy, David 1; Hochstein, Lawrence 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p484; Subject Term: Adenosinetriphosphate synthesis -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Halobacterium -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459883
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Simoneit, Bernd
AU  - Summons, R.
AU  - Jahnke, L.
T1  - Biomarkers as tracers for life on early earth and mars.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 515
EP  - 516
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Biomarkers As Tracers for Life on Early Earch and Mars," by Bernd R. T. Simoneit and colleagues presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Biochemical markers -- Abstracts
KW  - Extraterrestrial life -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009551; Simoneit, Bernd 1; Email Address: bmcyicar@oce.orst.edu; Summons, R. 2; Email Address: rsummons@garnet.agso.gov.au; Jahnke, L. 3; Email Address: Linda_Jahnke@qmgate.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Petroleum and Environmental Geochemistry Group, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 97331 Corvallis U.S.A.; 2: Australian Geological Survey Organisation 2601 Canberra Australia; 3: Planetary Biology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, 94035 Moffett Field U.S.A.; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p515; Subject Term: Biochemical markers -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Extraterrestrial life -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459903
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009551&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Cabrol, Nathalie
AU  - Grin, Edmond
T1  - Duration of aqueous sedimentation and favorable environment for life inception on mars: A case in aeolis region.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 522
EP  - 523
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Duration of Aqueous Sedimentation and Favorable Environment for Life Inception on Mars: A Case in Aeolis Region," by Nathalie A. Cabrol and Edmond A. Grin presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Sedimentation & deposition -- Abstracts
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 73009555; Cabrol, Nathalie 1; Grin, Edmond 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division , Nasa Ames Research Center , MS 245-3 Moffett Field 94035-1000; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p522; Subject Term: Sedimentation & deposition -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459907
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009555&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Comet Shoemaker-levy 9, Jupiter, and impact shock chemistry.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 529
EP  - 530
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Comet Shoemaker-Levy-9, Jupiter, and Impact Shock Chemistry," by Kevin Zahnle presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet -- Collision with Jupiter
KW  - Comets -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009559; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin@boombox.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, 94035-1000 Moffet Field USA; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p529; Subject Term: Shoemaker-Levy 9 comet -- Collision with Jupiter; Subject Term: Comets -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459911
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009559&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Wilson, Michael
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
T1  - Computer modeling of the thermal conductivity of cometary ice.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1996/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 532
EP  - 532
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An abstract of the paper "Computer Modeling of the Thermal Conductivity of Cometary Ice," by Michael A. Wilson and Andrew Pohorille presented at the triennial meeting of the International Society for the Study of the Origin of Life (ISSOL) in July 1996 in Orléans, France is provided.
KW  - Computer simulation -- Abstracts
KW  - Thermal conductivity -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 73009561; Wilson, Michael 1; Email Address: mwilson@max.arc.nasa.gov; Pohorille, Andrew 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center , 94035 Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: 1996, Vol. 26 Issue 3-5, p532; Subject Term: Computer simulation -- Abstracts; Subject Term: Thermal conductivity -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1007/BF02459913
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73009561&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107327473
T1  - Hemodynamic and thermal responses to head and neck cooling in men and women.
AU  - Ku YE
AU  - Montgomery LD
AU  - Webbon BW
Y1  - 1996/11//1996 Nov-Dec
N1  - Accession Number: 107327473. Language: English. Entry Date: 19970701. Revision Date: 20150819. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 8803677. 
KW  - Heat-Cold Application
KW  - Body Temperature Regulation -- Physiology
KW  - Head
KW  - Neck
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Adult
KW  - Evaluation Research
KW  - Body Temperature Determination
KW  - Electrocardiography
KW  - Multiple Sclerosis -- Therapy
KW  - Cold -- Therapeutic Use
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Regression
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Skin Temperature
KW  - Blood Circulation
KW  - Human
SP  - 443
EP  - 450
JO  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
JA  - AM J PHYS MED REHABIL
VL  - 75
IS  - 6
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - Personal cooling systems are used to alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis and to prevent increased core temperature during daily activities. The objective of this study was to determine the operating characteristics and the physiologic changes produced by short term use of one commercially available thermal control system. A Life Support Systems, Inc. Mark VII portable cooling system and a liquid cooling helmet were used to cool the head and neck regions of 12 female and 12 male subjects (25-55 yr) in this study. The healthy subjects, seated in an upright position at normal room temperature (approximately 21 degrees C), were tested for 30 min with the liquid cooling garment operated at its maximum cooling capacity. Electrocardiograms and scalp and intracranial blood flows were recorded periodically during each test sequence. Scalp, right and left ear, and oral temperatures and cooling system parameters were logged every 5 min. Scalp, right and left ear canal, and oral temperatures were all significantly (P <0.05) reduced by 30 min of head and neck cooling. Oral temperatures decreased approximately 0.2-0.6 degrees C after 30 min and continued to decrease further (approximately 0.1-0.2 degrees C) for a period of approximately 10 min after removal of the cooling helmet. Intracranial blood flow decreased significantly (P < 0.05) during the first 10 min of the cooling period. Both right and left ear temperatures in the women were significantly lower than those of the men during the cooling period. These data indicate that head and neck cooling may be used to reduce core temperature to that needed for symptomatic relief of both male and female multiple sclerosis patients. This study quantifies the operating characteristics of one liquid cooling garment as an example of the information needed to compare the efficiency of other garments operated under different test conditions.
SN  - 0894-9115
AD  - Mail Stop 239-15, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035
U2  - PMID: 8985108.
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107327473&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinberg, S. L.
T1  - Mass and energy exchange between the atmosphere and leaf influence gas pressurization in aquatic plants.
JO  - New Phytologist
JF  - New Phytologist
Y1  - 1996/12//
VL  - 134
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 599
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 0028646X
AB  - A mechanistic model was used to describe how mass and energy exchange between a leaf and air affect internal pressurization in aquatic plants. The core of the model is the calculation of the temperature of a leaf for which the energy balance is zero. The leaf temperature and water vapour gradient between leaf and air are then used to calculate potential pressurization. Simulations with the model were used to demonstrate the sensitivity of gas pressurization in aquatic plants to key environmental and physiological factors including radiation, temperature, humidity, wind speed, leaf size and leaf conductance. The model confirms other published data showing that humidity-induced pressurization is the dominant mode of pressurization under most conditions. The simulations also demonstrated that thermal transpiration and humidity-induced pressurization are not separate phenomena, but are dependent on the energy balance of the leaf, which in turn is affected by complex interactions between the leaf and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of New Phytologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Leaves -- Physiology
KW  - Aquatic plants
KW  - Plant anatomy
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Bioenergetics
KW  - Plants
KW  - gas pressurization
KW  - mass and energy exchange.
KW  - modelling
N1  - Accession Number: 12692402; Steinberg, S. L. 1; Email Address: ssteinbe@gp906.jsc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Research Council Senior Research Associate, Mail Code EC3, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston TX, USA 77058; Issue Info: Dec96, Vol. 134 Issue 4, p587; Thesaurus Term: Leaves -- Physiology; Thesaurus Term: Aquatic plants; Thesaurus Term: Plant anatomy; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Bioenergetics; Thesaurus Term: Plants; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas pressurization; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass and energy exchange.; Author-Supplied Keyword: modelling; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=12692402&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Hamburger, M.W.
AU  - Reilinger, R.E.
AU  - Hager, B.H.
AU  - Molnár, P.
AU  - United States, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
T1  - DOSE grant NAG5-1941, 'Application of global positioning measurements to continental collision in the Pamir-Tien Shan region, Central Asia' annual report to National Aeronautical and Space Administration
JO  - DOSE grant NAG5-1941, 'Application of global positioning measurements to continental collision in the Pamir-Tien Shan region, Central Asia' annual report to National Aeronautical and Space Administration
JF  - DOSE grant NAG5-1941, 'Application of global positioning measurements to continental collision in the Pamir-Tien Shan region, Central Asia' annual report to National Aeronautical and Space Administration
Y1  - 1997///
M3  - Article
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - SURVEYS
KW  - ASIA
KW  - KAZAKHSTAN
KW  - KYRGYZSTAN
KW  - Continental drift
N1  - Accession Number: MRB-MCS0125793; Hamburger, M.W.; Reilinger, R.E.; Hager, B.H.; Molnár, P.; United States, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Technical Information Service, distributor, 1997; 1 v    ; Note: Publisher Information: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Technical Information Service, distributor, Washington, DC.; Note: Packaging Method: [microform]:R-112968; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: ASIA; Subject Term: KAZAKHSTAN; Subject Term: KYRGYZSTAN; Number of Pages: 1 vp; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fxh&AN=MRB-MCS0125793&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - fxh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Nelson, M L
AU  - Esler, S L
T1  - TRSkit: a simple digital library toolkit
JO  - Journal of Internet Cataloging
JF  - Journal of Internet Cataloging
Y1  - 1997///
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 55
SN  - 10911367
AB  - TRSkit is introduced as simple and effective toolkit for building digital libraries on the World Wide Web. The toolkit was developed for the creation of the Langley Technical Report Server and the NASA Technical Report Server, but is applicable to most simple distribution paradigms. TRSkit contains a handful of freely available software components designed to be run under the UNIX operating system and served via the World Wide Web.
KW  - INTERNET
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - Digital systems
KW  - Electronic libraries
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3204067; Nelson, M L 1; Esler, S L; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: 1997, Vol. 1 Issue 2, p41; Note: Update Code: 3200; Subject Term: INTERNET; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic libraries; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lih&AN=ISTA3204067&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Denery, Dallas G.
AU  - Erzberger, Heinz
AD  - Ames Research Center, CA
AD  - Ames Research Center, CA
A2  - Bianco, Lucio
A2  - Dell'Olmo, Paolo
A2  - Odoni, Amedeo R.
T1  - The Center-TRACON Automation System: Simulation and Field Testing
T2  - Modelling and simulation in air traffic management
PB  - Heidelberg and New York:
PB  - Springer
Y1  - 1997///
SP  - 113
EP  - 138
N1  - Accession Number: 0521501; Reviewed Book ISBN: 3-540-63093-7; ; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200005
KW  - Air Transportation          L93
KW  - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise          R41
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0521501&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 49944
AU  - Portree, David S. F.
AU  - Trevino, Robert C.
AU  - United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. History Office
T1  - [Untitled]
T3  - NASA Technical Memorandum; 97-112941. Monographs in Aerospace History Series          no. 7
Y1  - 1997/01/01/
CY  - Washington, D.C.
CY  - United States
PB  - NASA History Office, Office of Policy and Plans, NASA Headquarters; Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service [distributor]
N1  - Accession Number: 49944; Extent: 1 volume; Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: Government document number: NAS 1.15:112941. GPO item number: 0830-D (MF). Stock number: 19980004606 NASA. Shipping list number: 99-0141-M. Microfiche. Washington, DC.: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998. 2 microfiches (NASA/TM; 97-112941)
KW  - Soviet Union--Science and Technology
KW  - Soviet Union--Space Program
KW  - U.S.-Soviet Relations--Space Cooperation
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=sbh&AN=49944&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - sbh
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AU  - Powers, Sheryll Goecke
AU  - United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. History Office
T1  - Women in flight research at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center from 1946 to 1995
JO  - Women in flight research at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center from 1946 to 1995
JF  - Women in flight research at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center from 1946 to 1995
Y1  - 1997///
N1  - Accession Number: MRB-WRI0309796; Powers, Sheryll Goecke; United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. History Office; Source Info: Washington, D.C.: NASA History Office, NASA Headquarters; [Springfield, Va.: National Information Technical Service, distributor], 1997; 1 v    ; Note: Series: Monographs in aerospace history, Volume: 6.; Note: Series: NASA-TM, Volume: 112715.; Note: Shipping list no.: 98-0613-M
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=fyh&AN=MRB-WRI0309796&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - fyh
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garvin, James B.
T1  - Comparative volcanology.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1997/01/24/
VL  - 275
IS  - 5299
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 496
EP  - 497
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Reviews two books.  'Volcanoes of the Solar System,' by Charles Frankel; 'Volcano Instability on the Earth and Other Planets,' edited by W.J. McGuire, A.P. Jones, and J. Neuberg.
KW  - Volcanoes of the Solar System (Book)
KW  - Volcano Instability on the Earth & Other Planets (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 9702103650; Garvin, James B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: 1/24/1997, Vol. 275 Issue 5299, p496; Reviews & Products: Volcanoes of the Solar System (Book); Reviews & Products: Volcano Instability on the Earth & Other Planets (Book); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 1163
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=9702103650&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Intensive exercise training during bed rest attenuates deconditioning. / Un entrainement physique intense pendant un repos au lit diminue le deconditionnement physique.
AU  - Greenleaf, J.E.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 1997/02//
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
SP  - 207
EP  - 215
CY  - ; 
SN  - 01959131
N1  - Accession Number: SPH414814; Author: Greenleaf, J.E.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Laboratory for Human Environmental Physiology Gravitational Research Branch, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP1978; References: 26; General Notes: Illustrated. INSEP, PARIS. Cote: PE50. Acces: copie. K5.4 - METABOLISME, METABOLISME ENERGETIQUE / K5.5 - ADAPTATION : TEMPERATURE, PRESSION, ALTITUDE, POLLUTION...; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 19970901; SIRC Article No.: 414814
N2  - A 30-d 6 degrees head-down bed rest project was conducted to evaluate variable high-intensity, short-duration, isotonic cycle ergometer exercise (ITE) training and high-intensity intermittent resistive isokinetic exercise (IKE) training regimens designed to maintain peak VO2 and muscle mass, strength, and endurance at ambulatory control levels throughout prolonged bed rest. Other elements of the deconditioning (adaptive) syndrome, such as proprioception, psychological performance, hypovolemia, water balance, body composition, and orthostatic tolerance, were also measured. Major findings are summarized in this paper. Compared with response during bed rest of the no exercise (NOE) control group: the ITE training regimen (a) maintained work capacity (peak VO2), (b) maintained plasma and red cell volumes, (c) induced positive body water balance, (d) decreased quality of sleep and mental concentration, and (e) had no effect on the decrease in orthostatic tolerance; the IKE training regimen (f) attenuated the decrease in peak VO2 by 50 percent, (g) attenuated loss of red cell volume by 40 percent but had no effect on loss of plasma volume, (h) induced positive body water balance, (i) had no adverse effect on quality of sleep or concentration, and (j) had no effect on the decrease in orthostatic tolerance. These findings suggest that various elements of the deconditioning syndrome can be manipulated by duration and intensity of ITE or IKE training regimens and that several different training protocols will be required to maintain or restore physiological and psychological performance of individuals confined to prolonged bed rest.
N2  - (HERACLES) Des sujets ages de 32 a 42 ans, en bonne sante, sont repartis en 3 groupes, groupe 1 (N=5), les sujets ne font pas d ' exercice physique, groupe 2 (N=7), les sujets effectuent des exercices isotonique; groupe 3 (N=7), les sujets effectuent des exercices isocinetiques. L ' experimentation s ' etale sur 30 jours ou les sujets restent immobilises au lit toute la journee excepte lorsqu ' ils realisent des exercices physiques (groupe 2 et 3) pour une duree moyenne de 30 min 2 fois par jour. Effet de l ' exercice physique sur le metabolisme et les mesures anthropometriques realisees au cours de cette experimentation.
KW  - *EXERCISE
KW  - *TRAINING
KW  - *HYPOKINESIA
KW  - *BLOOD plasma
KW  - *ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - *REHABILITATION
KW  - MALES
KW  - ADULTHOOD
KW  - PLASMA VOLUME
KW  - DETRAINING
KW  - ORTHOSTATIC TOLERANCE
KW  - EFFET-DE-L-INACTIVITEACTIVITE-PHYSIQUE
KW  - ADULTE
KW  - METABOLISME-ENERGETIQUE
KW  - ANISOMETRIE
KW  - ISOMETRIE
KW  - EFFET-DE-L-ENTRAINEMENT
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=414814
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=SPH414814&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=414814
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107255660
T1  - Intensive exercise training during bed rest attenuates deconditioning.
AU  - Greenleaf JE
Y1  - 1997/02//1997 Feb
N1  - Accession Number: 107255660. Language: English. Entry Date: 19980501. Revision Date: 20150819. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Supported by NASA Grants 199-21-12, 199-22-12, 199-22-22, 199-22-32, 199-22-44, NAG2-410, and Army Grant MRDC-3A161101A-91C. NLM UID: 8005433. 
KW  - Bed Rest -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Therapeutic Exercise
KW  - Cardiovascular System Physiology
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological -- Physiology
KW  - Bed Rest -- Psychosocial Factors
KW  - Cardiac Output
KW  - Blood Volume
KW  - Energy Metabolism
KW  - Isokinetic Exercises
KW  - Isotonic Exercises
KW  - Adult
KW  - Male
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Human
SP  - 207
EP  - 215
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JA  - MED SCI SPORTS EXERC
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - A 30-d 6 degrees head-down bed rest project was conducted to evaluate variable high-intensity, short-duration, isotonic cycle ergometer exercise (ITE) training and high-intensity intermittent resistive isokinetic exercise (IKE) training regimens designed to maintain peak VO2 and muscle mass, strength, and endurance at ambulatory control levels throughout prolonged bed rest. Other elements of the deconditioning (adaptive) syndrome, such as proprioception, psychological performance, hypovolemia, water balance, body composition, and orthostatic tolerance, were also measured. Major findings are summarized in this paper. Compared with response during bed rest of the no exercise (NOE) control group: the ITE training regimen (a) maintained work capacity (peak VO2), (b) maintained plasma and red cell volumes (c) induced positive body water balance, (d) decreased quality of sleep and mental concentration, and (e) had no effect on the decrease in orthostatic tolerance; the IKE training regimen (f) attenuated the decrease in peak VO2 by 50%, (g) attenuated loss of red cell volume by 40% but had no effect on loss of plasma volume, (h) induced positive body water balance, (i) had no adverse effect on quality of sleep or concentration, and (j) had no effect on the decrease in orthostatic tolerance. These findings suggest that various elements of the deconditioning syndrome can be manipulated by duration and intensity of ITE or IKE training regimens and that several different training protocols will be required to maintain or restore physiological and psychological performance of individuals confined to prolonged bed rest.
SN  - 0195-9131
AD  - Life Science Division (239-11), NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000. E-mail: jgreenleaf@mail.arc.nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 9044224.
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107255660&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107300812
T1  - Prediction of human gait parameters from temporal measures of foot-ground contact.
AU  - Breit GA
AU  - Whalen RT
Y1  - 1997/04//1997 Apr
N1  - Accession Number: 107300812. Language: English. Entry Date: 19981201. Revision Date: 20150819. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Supported by NASA grants 199-26-12-02, 199-26-12-34, and 199-26-12-36. NLM UID: 8005433. 
KW  - Regeneration
KW  - Bone and Bones -- Physiology
KW  - Gait
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Musculoskeletal System Physiology
KW  - Weight-Bearing
KW  - Models, Statistical
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Regression
KW  - Analysis of Covariance
KW  - Adult
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Male
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Human
SP  - 540
EP  - 547
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JA  - MED SCI SPORTS EXERC
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - Investigation of the influence of human physical activity on bone functional adaptation requires long-term histories of gait-related ground reaction force (GRF). Towards a simpler portable GRF measurement, we hypothesized that: 1) the reciprocal of foot-ground contact time (1/tc); or 2) the reciprocal of stride-period-normalized contact time (T/tc) predict peak vertical and horizontal GRF, loading rates, and horizontal speed during gait. GRF data were collected from 24 subjects while they walked and ran at a variety of speeds. Linear regression and ANCOVA determined the dependence of gait parameters on 1/tc and T/tc, and prediction SE. All parameters were significantly correlated to 1/tc and T/tc. The closest pooled relationship existed between peak running vertical GRF and T/tc (r2 = 0.896; SE = 3.6%) and improved with subject-specific regression (r2 = 0.970; SE = 2.2%). We conclude that temporal measures can predict force parameters of gait and may represent an alternative to direct GRF measurements for determining daily histories of habitual lower limb loading quantities necessary to quantify a bone remodeling stimulus.
SN  - 0195-9131
AD  - Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Laboratory, Life Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000
U2  - PMID: 9107638.
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107300812&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bailey, David H.
T1  - Onward to Petaflops Computing.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1997/06//
VL  - 40
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 92
SN  - 00010782
AB  - On December 16, 1996, a sustained rate of 1 teraflops was achieved by "ASCI Red," a system employing some 7,000 Intel Pentium Pro processors at Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico. Much work remains to achieve Tflops per second rates on a broad range of scientific applications. Following the custom of marking advances in computing by factors of 1,000, the next major milestone is a sustained rate of 1 petaflops. In addition to prodigiously high computational performance, such systems must, out of necessity, feature very large main memories, between 10 Tbytes and 1 Pbyte depending on application, as well as commensurate input/output bandwidth and huge mass storage facilities. The current consensus of scientists who have performed initial studies in this field is that "affordable" petaflops systems which may be feasible by the year 2010, assuming that certain key technologies continue to progress at current rates. Demand for state-of-the-art computing power appears insatiable. There are a number of difficult technical problems that need to be solved in the next few years to achieve the goal of petaflops computers by the year 2010.  INSET: Petaflops Research Questions..
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers)
KW  - HIGH performance computing
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - PETAFLOPS computers
KW  - HIGH performance processors
N1  - Accession Number: 12619947; Bailey, David H. 1; Affiliations: 1: Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation Program, NASA Ames Research Center.; Issue Info: June97, Vol. 40 Issue 6, p90; Thesaurus Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Thesaurus Term: PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers); Thesaurus Term: HIGH performance computing; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: PETAFLOPS computers; Subject Term: HIGH performance processors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/255656.255710
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=12619947&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107231181
T1  - Managing fatigue in operational settings 1: physiological considerations and countermeasures.
AU  - Rosekind MR
AU  - Gander PH
AU  - Gregory KB
AU  - Smith RM
AU  - Miller DL
AU  - Oyung R
AU  - Webbon LL
AU  - Johnson JM
Y1  - 1997///Summer1997
N1  - Accession Number: 107231181. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070101. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 0411772. 
KW  - Fatigue -- Complications
KW  - Fatigue -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Occupational Health
KW  - Work Environment
KW  - Sleep
KW  - Fatigue -- Symptoms
KW  - Circadian Rhythm
KW  - Job Performance
KW  - Light
KW  - Melatonin
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Diet
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
JO  - Hospital Topics
JF  - Hospital Topics
JA  - HOSP TOP
VL  - 75
IS  - 3
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 0018-5868
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
U2  - PMID: 10179057.
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107231181&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107231184
T1  - Managing fatigue in operational settings 2: an integrated approach.
AU  - Rosekind MR
AU  - Gander PH
AU  - Gregory KB
AU  - Smith RM
AU  - Miller DL
AU  - Oyung R
AU  - Webbon LA
AU  - Johnson JM
Y1  - 1997///Summer1997
N1  - Accession Number: 107231184. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070101. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 0411772. 
KW  - Fatigue -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Work Environment
KW  - Fatigue -- Education
KW  - Staff Development
SP  - 31
EP  - 35
JO  - Hospital Topics
JF  - Hospital Topics
JA  - HOSP TOP
VL  - 75
IS  - 3
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 0018-5868
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
U2  - PMID: 10179058.
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107231184&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tielens, A.
AU  - Charnley, S.
T1  - CIRCUMSTELLAR AND INTERSTELLAR SYNTHESIS OF ORGANIC MOLECULES.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1997/06//
VL  - 27
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 51
SN  - 01696149
AB  - We review the formation and evolution of complex circumstellar and interstellar molecules. A number of promising chemical routes are discussed which may lead to the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, fullerenes, and unsaturated hydrocarbon chains in the outflows from stars. Some of the problems with these chemical schemes are pointed out as well. We also review the role of grains in the formation of complex molecules in interstellar molecular clouds. This starts with the formation of simple molecules in an ice grain mantle. UV photolysis and/or thermal polymerization can convert some of these simple molecules into more complex polymeric structures. Some of these species may be released to the gas phase, particularly in the warm regions around newly formed stars. Methanol and formaldehyde seem to play an important role in this drive towards molecular complexity and their chemistry is traced in some detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534884; Tielens, A. 1; Charnley, S. 1; Affiliations: 1: MS 245–3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A; Issue Info: Jun1997, Vol. 27 Issue 1-3, p23; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006513928588
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pendleton, YVONNE
T1  - DETECTION OF ORGANIC MATTER IN INTERSTELLAR GRAINS.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1997/06//
VL  - 27
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 78
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Star formation and the subsequent evolution of planetary systems occurs in dense molecular clouds, which are comprised, in part, of interstellar dust grains gathered from the diffuse interstellar medium (DISM). Radio observations of the interstellar medium reveal the presence of organic molecules in the gas phase and infrared observational studies provide details concerning the solid-state features in dust grains. In particular, a series of absorption bands have been observed near 3.4μ~2940 cm−1) towards brightinfrared objects which are seen through large column densities of interstellar dust. Comparisons of organic residues, produced under a variety of laboratory conditions, to the diffuse interstellar medium observations have shown that aliphatic hydrocarbon grains are responsible for the spectral absorption features observed near 3.4μ ~2940cm−1). These hydrocarbons appear to carry the –CH2– and –CH3 functional groups in the abundance ratio CH2/CH3 ~ 2.5, and theamount of carbon tied up in this component is greater than 4% of the cosmic carbon available. On a galacticscale, the strength of the 3.4μ band does notscale linearly with visual extinction, but instead increases more rapidly for objects near the Galactic Center. A similar trend is noted in the strength of the Si–O absorption band near 9.7μ. The similarbehavior of the C–H and Si–O stretching bands suggests that these two components may be coupled, perhaps in the form of grains with silicate cores and refractory organic mantles. The ubiquity of the hydrocarbon features seen in the near infrared near 3.4μthroughout our Galaxy and in other galaxies demonstrates the widespread availability of such material for incorporation into the many newly forming planetary systems. The similarity of the 3.4μfeatures in any organic material with aliphatic hydrocarbons underscores the need for complete astronomical observational coverage in the 2–30μ region, oflines of sight which sample dust in both dense and diffuse interstellar clouds, in order to uniquely specify the composition of interstellar organics. This paper reviews the information available from ground-based observations, although currently the Infrared Satellite Observatory is adding to our body of knowledge on this subject by providing more extensive wavelength coverage. The Murchison carbonaceous meteorite has also been used as an analog to the interstellar observations and has revealed a striking similarity between the light hydrocarbons in the meteorite and the ISM; therefore this review includes comparisons with the meteoritic analog as well as with relevant laboratory residues. Fundamental to the evolution of the biogenic molecules, to the process of planetary system formation, and perhaps to the origin of life, is the connection between the organic material found in the interstellar medium and that incorporated in the most primitive solar system bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534885; Pendleton, YVONNE 1; Affiliations: 1: MS 245–3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A; Issue Info: Jun1997, Vol. 27 Issue 1-3, p53; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006565912658
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mckay, CHRISTOPHER
T1  - THE SEARCH FOR LIFE ON MARS.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1997/06//
VL  - 27
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 289
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Mars appears to have no life on its surface today. However, the presence of fluvial features provides evidence that liquid water was once present on the martian surface. By analogy with Earth, life may have originated on Mars early in its history, possibly during the end of the late heavy bombardment. Analysis of the one meteorite from Mars which dates to this early time appears to contain evidence of this early environment and possibly life. As the climate cooled and liquid water became unavailable, life would have eventually died out. The cold deserts of Antarctica provide a glimpse of what martian ecosystems might have been like as conditions worsened. The search for fossil evidence of past life on Mars may provide the first direct indication of life beyond Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534896; Mckay, CHRISTOPHER 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A; Issue Info: Jun1997, Vol. 27 Issue 1-3, p263; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006500116990
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skole, D.L.
AU  - Justice, C.
AU  - Townshend, J.R.G.
AU  - Janetos, A.
T1  - A Land Cover Change Monitoring Program: Strategy for an International Effort.
JO  - Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
JF  - Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Y1  - 1997/09//
VL  - 2
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 175
SN  - 13812386
AB  - An international system for monitoring land cover change is needed to support a range of scientific and policy objectives. Although much of the technology and methods are readily available, such a program has yet to be implemented. This paper outlines the rationale, requirements, and strategy for implementing a land cover-monitoring program using satellite remote sensing, field and ground measurements, and models and assessments. The proposed program builds on existing activities throughout the world and is designed to simultaneously meet the needs of the international policy, global change research, and national resource management. Outputs from this program would provide support to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, lead to the development of consistent country-level emission inventories, and address important scientific problems in global change research such as closing the global carbon budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Natural resources -- Management
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - International relations
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - emission inventories
KW  - global land cover monitoring
KW  - satellites
KW  - United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992)
N1  - Accession Number: 49730566; Skole, D.L. 1; Justice, C. 2; Townshend, J.R.G. 3; Janetos, A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Basic Science and Remote Sensing Initiative, Department of Geography, Michigan State University, USA; 2: Global Environmental Change Program, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, USA; 3: Department of Geography & Institute of Advanced, Computing Studies, University of Maryland, USA; 4: Office of Mission to Planet Earth, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA; Issue Info: Sep1997, Vol. 2 Issue 2/3, p157; Thesaurus Term: Natural resources -- Management; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Global environmental change; Thesaurus Term: International relations; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: emission inventories; Author-Supplied Keyword: global land cover monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; Reviews & Products: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928120 International Affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911410 Foreign affairs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/B:MITI.0000004474.56205.03
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinberg, S. L.
AU  - Henninger, D. L.
T1  - Response of the water status of soybean to changes in soil water potentials controlled by the water pressure in microporous tubes.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 1997/12//
VL  - 20
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1506
EP  - 1516
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 01407791
AB  - Water transport through a microporous tube-soil-plant system was investigated by measuring the response of soil and plant water status to step change reductions in the water pressure within the tubes. Soybeans were germinated and grown in a porous ceramic `soil' at a porous tube water pressure of -0·5 kPa for 28 d. During this time, the soil matric potential was nearly in equilibrium with tube water pressure. Water pressure in the porous tubes was then reduced to either -1·0, -1·5 or -2·0 kPa. Sap flow rates, leaf conductance and soil, root and leaf water potentials were measured before and after this change. A reduction in porous tube water pressure from -0·5 to -1·0 or -1·5 kPa did not result in any significant change in soil or plant water status. A reduction in porous tube water pressure to -2·0 kPa resulted in significant reductions in sap flow, leaf conductance, and soil, root and leaf water potentials. Hydraulic conductance, calculated as the transpiration rate/Δψ between two points in the water transport pathway, was used to analyze water transport through the tube-soil-plant continuum. At porous tube water pressures of-0·5 to -1·5 kPa soil moisture was readily available and hydraulic conductance of the plant limited water transport. At -2·0 kPa, hydraulic conductance of the bulk soil was the dominant factor in water movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soybean
KW  - Plant-water relationships
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Crops & water
KW  - Water star grass
KW  - Heteranthera
N1  - Accession Number: 11846927; Steinberg, S. L. 1; Henninger, D. L. 1; Affiliations: 1: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Cenie,; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; Issue Info: Dec1997, Vol. 20 Issue 12, p1506; Thesaurus Term: Soybean; Thesaurus Term: Plant-water relationships; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Crops & water; Subject Term: Water star grass; Subject Term: Heteranthera; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111110 Soybean Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1365-3040.ep11846927
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105387559
T1  - Evolution of scientific and technical information distribution.
AU  - Ester SL
AU  - Nelson ML
Y1  - 1998/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 105387559. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090731. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Computer/Information Science; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 0232761. 
KW  - Full-Text Databases
KW  - Libraries, Electronic
KW  - Publishing -- Trends
KW  - World Wide Web
KW  - Electronic Publishing
KW  - Information Resources
KW  - Models, Theoretical
SP  - 82
EP  - 91
JO  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Information Science
JA  - J AM SOC INF SCI
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
CY  - Hoboken, New Jersey
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 0002-8231
AD  - NASA Langley Research Center, MS 158, Hampton, VA 23681-0001; m.l.nelson@larc.nasa.gov
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - BOOK
AU  - United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
T1  - Women In Flight Research At NASA Dryden Flight Research Center From 1946 To 1995... NASA-TM-112715... Jun. 23, 1997
JO  - Women In Flight Research At NASA Dryden Flight Research Center From 1946 To 1995... NASA-TM-112715... Jun. 23, 1997
JF  - Women In Flight Research At NASA Dryden Flight Research Center From 1946 To 1995... NASA-TM-112715... Jun. 23, 1997
Y1  - 1998///
N1  - Accession Number: MRB-WRI0309795; United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: S.l.: s.n., 1998?    ; Note: Shipping List #: 98-0613-M; Note: Shipping List Date: 05/15/98
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - fyh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dungan, J.
T1  - Spatial prediction of vegetation quantities using ground and image data.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 1998/01/20/
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
EP  - 285
SN  - 01431161
AB  - A major challenge in Earth system studies is mapping vegetation quantities over large regions. Aspatial regression is typically the empirical method applied to remotely sensed and ground data for the spatial prediction of vegetation variables. Geostatistical methods, such as cokriging and stochastic simulation, have rarely been used for this purpose. A synthetic example was constructed from imaging spectrometer data to allow an objective comparison between regression, cokriging and a new stochastic simulation method. A range of linear relations between ground sample data and image data was represented in the example. The lowest root-mean-square-error was achieved with cokriging until the correlation coefficient (r) between direct and ancillary data exceeded 0.89, at which point regression was the more accurate predictor. Probability-field simulation gave a range of possible realizations, overall less accurate than those from regression but more faithful to the histogram and spatial pattern of the variable to be predicted. The strength of the relation between ground measurements and image data was shown to be a critical factor in choosing a spatial prediction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plant communities
KW  - Vegetation boundaries
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Spatial analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Multispectral imaging
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Remote-sensing images
N1  - Accession Number: 14523491; Dungan, J. 1; Affiliations: 1: JCWS, MS 242-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, U.S.A.; Issue Info: 1/20/98, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p267; Thesaurus Term: Plant communities; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation boundaries; Thesaurus Term: Geomorphology; Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: Multispectral imaging; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Beta-adrenergic blockade does not prevent polycythemia or decrease in plasma volume in men at 4300 m altitude.
AU  - Grover, R.F.
AU  - Selland, M.A.
AU  - McCullough, R.G.
AU  - Dahms, T.E.
AU  - Wolfel, E.E.
AU  - Butterfield, G.E.
AU  - Reeves, J.T.
AU  - Greenleaf, J.E.
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology & Occupational Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology & Occupational Physiology
Y1  - 1998/02//
VL  - 77
IS  - 3
SP  - 264
EP  - 270
CY  - ; 
SN  - 03015548
N1  - Accession Number: SPH461999; Author: Grover, R.F. Author: Selland, M.A. Author: McCullough, R.G. Author: Dahms, T.E. Author: Wolfel, E.E. Author: Butterfield, G.E. Author: Reeves, J.T. Author: Greenleaf, J.E.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Gravitational Research Branch (239-11), NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP496; References: 27; General Notes: Illustrated. Original article. The study was supported by a US Army Research Contract, a grant from the National heart, Lung and Blood Institute Program, the NASA Task and the St. Louis University Anesthesiology Research Fund.; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 19980901; SIRC Article No.: 461999
N2  - When humans ascend to high altitude (ALT) their plasma volume (PV) and total blood volume (BV) decrease during the first few days. With continued residence over several weeks, the hypoxia-induced stimulation of erythropoietin increases red cell production which tends to restore BV. Because hypoxia also activates the beta-adrenergic system, which stimulates red blood cell production, we investigated the effect of adrenergic beta-receptor inhibition with propranolol on fluid volumes and the polycythemic response in 11 healthy unacclimatized men (21-33 years old exposed to an ALT of 4300 m (barometric pressure 460 Torr) for 3 weeks on Pikes Peak, Colorado. PV was determined by the Evans blue dye method (PVEB), BV by the carbon monoxide method (BVCO), red cell volume (RCV) was calculated from hematocrit (Hct) and BVCO, and serum erythropoietin concentration ((EPO)) and reticulocyte count, were also determined. All determinations were made at sea level and after 9-11 (ALT-10) and 19-20 (ALT-20) days at ALT. At sea level and ALT, six men received propranolol (pro, 240 mg.day-1), and five received a placebo (pla). Effective beta-blockade did not modify the mean (SE) maximal values of (EPO) (pla: 24.9 (3.5) vs pro: 24.5 (1.5) mU.ml-1) or reticulocyte count (pla: 2.7 (0.7) vs pro: 2.2 (0.5) percent); nor changes in PVEB (pla: -15.8 (3.8) vs pro: -19.9 (2.8) percent), RCVCO (pla: +7.0 (6.7) vs pro: +10.1 (6.1) percent), or BVCO (pla: -7.3 (2.3) vs pro: -7.1 (3.9) percent). In the absence of weight loss, tribution of body water with no net loss is implied. Hence, activation of the beta-adrenergic system appear to affect the hypovolemic or polycythemic responses that occurred during 3 weeks at 4300 m ALT in these subjects.
KW  - *EXERCISE -- Physiological aspects
KW  - *ERYTHROPOIETIN
KW  - *PROPRANOLOL
KW  - *ANOXEMIA
KW  - *BLOOD volume
KW  - *ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - *ADRENERGIC beta blockers
KW  - MALES
KW  - YOUNG adults
KW  - ADULTHOOD
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=461999
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UR  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=461999
UR  - http://link.springer.de
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Summers, David
AU  - Lerner, Narcinda
T1  - Ammonia from Iron(II) Reduction of Nitrite and the Strecker Synthesis: Do Iron(II) and Cyanide Interfere with Each Other?
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1998/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The question of whether the production of ammonia, from the reduction of nitrite by iron(II), is compatible with its use in the Strecker synthesis of amino acids, or whether the iron and the cyanide needed for the Strecker synthesis interfere with each other, is addressed. Results show that the presence of iron(II) appears to have little, or no, effect on the Strecker synthesis. The presence of cyanide does interfere with reduction of nitrite, but the reduction proceeds at cyanide/iron ratios of less than 4:1. At ratios of about 2:1 and less there is only a small effect. The reduction of nitrite and the Strecker can be combined to proceed in each other's presence, to yield glycine from a mixture of nitrite, Fe+2, formaldehyde, and cyanide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534917; Summers, David 1; Lerner, Narcinda 1; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute and NASA-Ames Research Center, M/S 239-4, Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Feb1998, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p1; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006510326053
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher S.
AU  - Davidson, EriC. A.
AU  - Klooster, Steve A.
AU  - Nepstad, Daniel C.
AU  - De Negreiros, Gustavo H.
AU  - Brooks, Vanessa
T1  - Regional application of an ecosystem production model for studies of biogeochemistry in Brazilian Amazonia.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 1998/03//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 333
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Abstract The degree to which primary production, soil carbon, and trace gas fluxes in tropical forests of the Amazon are limited by moisture availability and other environmental factors was examined using an ecosystem modelling application for the country of Brazil. A regional geographical information system (GIS) serves as the data source of climate drivers, satellite images, land cover, and soil properties for input to the NASA Ames-CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach) model over a 8-km grid resolution. Simulation results lead us to hypothesize that net primary production (NPP) is limited by cloud interception of solar radiation over the humid north-western portion of the region. Peak annual rates for NPP of nearly 1.4 kg C m–2 year–1 are localized in the seasonally dry eastern Amazon in areas that we assume are primarily deep-rooted evergreen forest cover. Regional effects of forest conversion on NPP and soil carbon content are indicated in the model results, especially in seasonally dry areas. Comparison of model flux predictions along selected eco-climatic transects reveal moisture, soil, and land use controls on gradients of ecosystem production and soil trace gas emissions (CO2 , N2 O, and NO). These results are used to formulate a series of research hypotheses for testing in the next phase of regional modelling, which includes recalibration of the light-use efficiency term in NASA-CASA using field measurements of NPP, and refinements of vegetation index and soil property (texture and potential rooting depth) maps for the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - Brazil
KW  - Amazon
KW  - biogeochemistry
KW  - Ecosystem modelling
KW  - trace gases
KW  - Transects
N1  - Accession Number: 5288617; Potter, Christopher S. 1; Davidson, EriC. A. 2; Klooster, Steve A. 1; Nepstad, Daniel C. 2; De Negreiros, Gustavo H. 3; Brooks, Vanessa 1; Affiliations: 1: Ecosystem Science Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242–4, Moffett Field, CA 94035,; 2: Woods Hole Research Center, PO Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543,; 3: College of Forest Resources, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Issue Info: Mar1998, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p315; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Biogeochemistry; Subject: Brazil; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: trace gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transects; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00154.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Waheed, Abdul
AU  - Rover, Diane T.
AU  - Hollingsworth, Jeffrey K.
T1  - Modeling and Evaluating Design Alternatives for an On-Line Instrumentation System: A Case Study.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 1998/06//
Y1  - 1998/06//
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 451
EP  - 470
SN  - 00985589
AB  - This paper demonstrates the use of a model-based evaluation approach for instrumentation systems (ISs). The overall objective of this study is to provide early feedback to tool developers regarding IS overhead and performance; such feedback helps developers make appropriate design decisions about alternative system configurations and task scheduling policies. We consider three types of system, architectures: network of workstations (NOW), symmetric multiprocessors (SMP), and massively parallel processing (MPP) systems. We develop a Resource OCCupancy (ROCC) model for an on-line IS for an existing tool and parameterize it for an IBM SP-2 platform. This model is simulated to answer several 'what if' questions regarding two policies to schedule instrumentation data forwarding. Collect-and-forward (CF) and batch-and-forward (BF) In addition, this study investigates two alternatives for forwarding the instrumentation data: direct and binary tree forwarding for an MPP system. Simulation results indicate that the BF policy can significantly reduce the overhead and that the tree forwarding configuration exhibits desirable scalability characteristics for MPP systems. Initial measurement-based testing results indicate more than 60 percent reduction in the direct IS overhead when the BF policy was added to Paradyn parallel performance measurement tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODELS & modelmaking
KW  - GOAL (Psychology)
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - INDUSTRIAL management
KW  - SCALABILITY (Systems engineering)
KW  - PRODUCT attributes
N1  - Accession Number: 11942801; Source Information: Jun98, Vol. 24 Issue 6, p451; Subject Term: MODELS & modelmaking; Subject Term: GOAL (Psychology); Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL management; Subject Term: SCALABILITY (Systems engineering); Subject Term: PRODUCT attributes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 20p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Prebiotic Amino Acid Thioester Synthesis: Thiol-Dependent Amino Acid Synthesis from Formose Substrates (Formaldehyde and Glycolaldehyde) and Ammonia.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1998/06//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 270
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde (substrates of the formose autocatalytic cycle) were shown to react with ammonia yielding alanine and homoserine under mild aqueous conditions in the presence of thiol catalysts. Since similar reactions carried out without ammonia yielded α-hydroxy acid thioesters (Weber, 1984a, b), the thiol-dependent synthesis of alanine and homoserine is presumed to occur via amino acid thioesters – intermediates capable of forming peptides (Weber and Orgel 1979). A pH 5.2 solution of 20 mM formaldehyde, 20 mM glycolaldehyde, 20 mM ammonium chloride, 23 mM 3-mercaptopropionic acid, and 23 mM acetic acid that reacted for 35 days at 40°C yielded (based on initial formaldehyde) 1.8% alanine and 0.08% homoserine. In the absence of thiol catalyst, the synthesis of alanine and homoserine was negligible. Alanine synthesis required both formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde, but homoserine synthesis required only glycolaldehyde. At 25 days the efficiency of alanine synthesis calculated from the ratio of alanine synthesized to formaldehyde reacted was 2.1%, and the yield (based on initial formaldehyde) of triose and tetrose intermediates involved in alanine and homoserine synthesis was 0.3 and 2.1%, respectively. Alanine synthesis was also seen in similar reactions containing only 10 mM each of aldehyde substrates, ammonia, and thiol. The prebiotic significance of these reactions that use the formose reaction to generate sugar intermediates that are converted to reactive amino acid thioesters is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534932; Weber, Arthur 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, SETI Institute, Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Jun1998, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p259; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006524818404
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kral, Timothy
AU  - Brink, Keith
AU  - Miller, Stanley
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Hydrogen Consumption by Methanogens on the Early Earth.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1998/06//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 319
SN  - 01696149
AB  - It is possible that the first autotroph used chemical energy rather than light. This could have been the main source of primary production after the initial inventory of abiotic organic material had been depleted. The electron acceptor most readily available for use by this first chemoautotroph would have been CO2. The most abundant electron donor may have been H2 that would have been outgassing from volcanoes at a rate estimated to be as large as 1012 moles yr−1, as well as from photo-oxidation of Fe+2. We report here that certain methanogens will consume H2 down to partial pressures as low as 4 Pa (4 × 10−5 atm) with CO2 as the sole carbon source at a rate of 0.7 ng H2 min−1 μg−1 cell protein. The lower limit of pH2 for growth of methanogens can be understood on the basis that the pH2 needs to be high enough for one ATP to be synthesized per CO2 reduced. The pH2 values needed for growth measured here are consistent with those measured by Stevens and McKinley for growth of methanogens in deep basalt aquifers. H2-consuming autotrophs are likely to have had a profound effect on the chemistry of the early atmosphere and to have been a dominant sink for H2 on the early Earth after life began rather than escape from the Earth's atmosphere to space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534927; Kral, Timothy 1; Brink, Keith 1; Miller, Stanley 2; McKay, Christopher 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 U.S.A.; 2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Dan Diego, La Jolla 92093-0506 U.S.A.; 3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Jun1998, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p311; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006552412928
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107184825
T1  - Current concepts in the pathophysiology, evaluation, and diagnosis of compartment syndrome.
AU  - Hargens AR
AU  - Mubarak SJ
Y1  - 1998/08//1998 Aug
N1  - Accession Number: 107184825. Language: English. Entry Date: 19990501. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, and by NASA grant 199-80-02-05. NLM UID: 8510415. 
KW  - Compartment Syndromes
KW  - Compartment Syndromes -- Etiology
KW  - Compartment Syndromes -- Physiopathology
KW  - Compartment Syndromes -- Diagnosis
KW  - Diagnosis, Differential
KW  - Acute Disease
KW  - Funding Source
SP  - 371
EP  - 383
JO  - Hand Clinics
JF  - Hand Clinics
JA  - HAND CLIN
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - W B Saunders
AB  - This article reviews present knowledge of the pathophysiology and diagnosis of acute compartment syndromes. Recent results using compression of legs in normal volunteers provide objective data concerning local pressure thresholds for neuromuscular dysfunction in the anterior compartment. Results with this model indicate that a progression of neuromuscular deficits occurs when IMP increases to within 35 to 40 mm Hg of diastolic blood pressure. These findings provide useful information on the diagnosis and compression thresholds for acute compartment syndromes. Time factors are also important, however, and usually are incompletely known in most cases of acute compartment syndrome. Although the slit catheter is a very good technique for monitoring IMP during rest, these catheters and their associated extracorporeal transducer systems are not ideal. Recently developed miniature transducer-tipped catheters and, perhaps, future development of noninvasive techniques may provide accurate recordings of IMP in patients with acute compartment syndromes. Copyright (c) 1998 by W.B. Saunders Company
SN  - 0749-0712
AD  - Gravitational Research Branch #239-11, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 04035-1000
U2  - PMID: 9742417.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ellis, Stephen R.
AU  - Menges, Brian M.
AU  - Ellis, S R
AU  - Menges, B M
T1  - Localization of virtual objects in the near visual field.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 1998/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
M3  - journal article
SP  - 415
EP  - 431
SN  - 00187208
AB  - We examined errors in the localization of nearby virtual objects presented via see-through helmet-mounted displays as a function of viewing conditions and scene content in four experiments using a total of 38 participants. Monocular, biocular, and stereoscopic presentation of the virtual objects, accommodation (required focus), participants' age, and the position of physical surfaces were examined. Nearby physical surfaces were found to introduce localization errors that differ depending on the other experimental factors. These errors apparently arise from the occlusion of the physical background by the optically superimposed virtual objects, but they are modified by participants' accommodative competence and specific viewing conditions. The apparent physical size and transparency of the virtual objects and physical surfaces, respectively, are influenced by their relative position when superimposed. The design implications of the findings are discussed in a concluding section. Head-mounted displays of virtual objects are currently being evaluated as aids for mechanical assembly and equipment maintenance. Other applications include telesurgery, surgical planning, telerobotics, and visualization aids for robotic programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - Research
KW  - Virtual reality
KW  - User interfaces (Computer systems)
KW  - Virtual machine systems
KW  - Age distribution (Demography)
KW  - Depth perception
KW  - Eye -- Movements
KW  - Eye
KW  - Ergonomics
KW  - Information display systems
KW  - Research -- Methodology
KW  - Medical cooperation
KW  - Safety hats
KW  - Vision
KW  - Visual fields
KW  - Evaluation -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 1379236; Ellis, Stephen R.; Menges, Brian M.; Ellis, S R 1; Menges, B M; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Sep1998, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p415; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Research; Subject Term: Virtual reality; Subject Term: User interfaces (Computer systems); Subject Term: Virtual machine systems; Subject Term: Age distribution (Demography); Subject Term: Depth perception; Subject Term: Eye -- Movements; Subject Term: Eye; Subject Term: Ergonomics; Subject Term: Information display systems; Subject Term: Research -- Methodology; Subject Term: Medical cooperation; Subject Term: Safety hats; Subject Term: Vision; Subject Term: Visual fields; Subject Term: Evaluation -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nepstad, Daniel
AU  - Moreira, Adriana
AU  - Veríssimo, Adalberto
AU  - Lefebvre, Paul
AU  - Schlesinger, Peter
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Nobre, Carlos
AU  - Setzer, Alberto
AU  - Krug, Thelma
AU  - Barros, Ana Cristina
AU  - Alencar, Ane
AU  - Pereira, João Raposo
T1  - Forest Fire Prediction and Prevention in the Brazilian Amazon.
JO  - Conservation Biology
JF  - Conservation Biology
Y1  - 1998/10//
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 951
EP  - 953
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 08888892
AB  - Focuses on the RisQue98 as a program designed to advance forest-fire prevention policies developed by the Brazilian government.  Use of the program in predicting the susceptibility of forests to fires; Capacity of the Amazonian forests to resist burning during severe seasonal droughts; Application of the program in enforcing environmental regulations.
KW  - Forest fires -- Prevention & control
KW  - Rain forest conservation
KW  - Brazil
N1  - Accession Number: 5441262; Nepstad, Daniel 1,2; Moreira, Adriana 1,2; Veríssimo, Adalberto 3; Lefebvre, Paul 1; Schlesinger, Peter 1; Potter, Christopher 4; Nobre, Carlos 5; Setzer, Alberto 5; Krug, Thelma 5; Barros, Ana Cristina 2; Alencar, Ane 2; Pereira, João Raposo 6; Affiliations: 1: Woods Hole Research Center, P.O. Box 296, Woods Hole, MA 02543, U.S.A.; 2: Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazonia, Campus do Guamá, UFPa Av. Augusto Correa S/N, Caixa Postal 8602, Belém, Pará, CEP 66.075–900, Brazil; 3: Instituto do Homem e Meio Ambiente da Amazônia, Caixa Postal 1015, Belém, Pará, 66.017–000, Brazil; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 242–4, Moffett Field, CA 94110, U.S.A.; 5: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Caixa Postal 515 CEP 12201–970 São Jose dos Campos, SP Brazil; 6: Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renovaveis, SAIN-Avenida L/4 Norte Bloco C Terreo, CEP: 70800–200, Brasilia DF, Brazil; Issue Info: Oct98, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p951; Thesaurus Term: Forest fires -- Prevention & control; Thesaurus Term: Rain forest conservation; Subject: Brazil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115310 Support Activities for Forestry; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.012005951.x
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, C. S.
AU  - Brooks, V.
T1  - Global analysis of empirical relations between annual climate and seasonality of NDVI.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 1998/10//
VL  - 19
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2921
EP  - 2948
SN  - 01431161
AB  - This paper describes the use of satellite data to calibrate a new climate vegetation greenness relation for global change studies. We examined statistical relations between annual climate indexes (temperature, precipitation, and surface radiation) and seasonal attributes of the AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series for the mid-1980s in order to refine our understanding of intra-annual patterns and global controls on natural vegetation dynamics. Multiple linear regression results using global 1 gridded data sets suggest that three climate indexes: degree days (growing/chilling), annual precipitation total, and an annual moisture index together can account to 70-80% of the geographical variation in the NDVI seasonal extremes (maximum and minimum values) for the calibration year 1984. Inclusion of the same annual climate index values from the previous year explains no substantial additional portion of the global scale variation in NDVI seasonal extremes. The monthly timing of NDVI extremes is closely associated with seasonal patterns in maximum and minimum temperature and rainfall, with lag times of 1 to 2 months. We separated well-drained areas from 1 grid cells mapped as greater than 25% inundated coverage for estimation of both the magnitude and timing of seasonal NDVI maximum values. Predicted monthly NDVI, derived from our climate-based regression equations and Fourier smoothing algorithms, shows good agreement with observed NDVI for several different years at a series of ecosystem test locations from around the globe. Regions in which NDVI seasonal extremes are not accurately predicted are mainly high latitude zones, mixed and disturbed vegetation types, and other remote locations where climate station data are sparse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Artificial satellites in remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 24875225; Potter, C. S. 1; Brooks, V. 2; Affiliations: 1: Ecosystem Science, NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Mo. ett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Johnson Controls World Services, NASA-Ames Operations, Mail Stop 242-4, Mo. ett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct1998, Vol. 19 Issue 15, p2921; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Global environmental change; Subject Term: Seasons; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in remote sensing; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/014311698214352
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Dale H.
AU  - Arrigo, Kevin R.
AU  - Kolber, Zbigniew
AU  - Gosselin, Michel
AU  - Sullivan, Cornelius W.
T1  - PHOTOPHYSIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE OF NUTRIENT LIMITATION OF PLATELET ICE ALGAE IN MCMURDO SOUND, ANTARCTICA.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 1998/10//
VL  - 34
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 788
EP  - 797
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Reports on the interpretation of seasonally changing photopysiological and biochemical characteristics of sea ice microalgae with respect to light availability and measurements of nutrient concentrations made at high vertical resolution during a dense bloom in the platelet ice layer of McMurdo Sound in the Antarctica in 1989.  Photoacclimative response exhibited by the algae; Nutrient depletion from high resolution vertical profiles.
KW  - Microalgae
KW  - Sea ice
KW  - McMurdo Sound (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 11177604; Robinson, Dale H. 1; Email Address: dale@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov; Arrigo, Kevin R. 2; Kolber, Zbigniew 3; Gosselin, Michel 4; Sullivan, Cornelius W. 5; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 3: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Oceanographic and Atmospheric Sciences; 4: Departement d'oceanographie, Universite du Quebec a Rimonski; 5: Vice Provost for Research, University of Southern California; Issue Info: Oct98, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p788; Thesaurus Term: Microalgae; Thesaurus Term: Sea ice; Subject: McMurdo Sound (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salama, Farid
T1  - The Diffuse Interstellar Bands: A Tracer For Organics In The Diffuse Interstellar Medium?
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1998/10//
VL  - 28
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 349
EP  - 364
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) are absorption bands seen in the spectra of stars obscured by interstellar dust. DIBs are recognized as a tracer for free, organic molecules in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM). The potential molecular carriers for the DIBs are discussed with an emphasis on neutral and ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for which the most focused effort has been made to date. From the combined astronomical, laboratory and theoretical study, it is concluded that a distribution of free neutral and ionized complex organics (PAHs, fullerenes, unsaturated hydrocarbons) represents the most promising class of candidates to account for the DIBs. The case for aromatic hydrocarbons appears particularly strong. The implied widespread distribution of complex organics in the diffuse ISM bears profound implications for our understanding of the chemical complexity of the ISM, the evolution of prebiotic molecules and its impact on the origin and the evolution of life on early Earth through the exogenous delivery (cometary encounters and metoritic bombardments) of prebiotic organics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52539552; Salama, Farid 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Oct1998, Vol. 28 Issue 4-6, p349; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006506620752
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice
T1  - Biogenic Catalysis of Soil Formation on Mars?
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1998/10//
VL  - 28
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 449
EP  - 459
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The high iron abundance and the weak ferric iron spectral features of martian surface material are consistent with nanophase (nm-sized) iron oxide minerals as a major source of iron in the bright region soil on Mars. Nanophase iron oxide minerals, such as ferrihydrite and schwertmannite, and nanophase forms of hematite and goethite are formed by both biotic and abiotic processes on Earth. The presence of these minerals on Mars does not indicate biological activity on Mars, but it does raise the possibility. This work includes speculation regarding the possibility of biogenic soils on Mars based on previous observations and analyses. A remote sensing goal of upcoming missions should be to determine if nanophase iron oxide minerals, clay silicates and carbonates are present in the martian surface material. These minerals are important indicators for exobiology and their presence on Mars would invoke a need for further investigation and sample return from these sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52539549; Bishop, Janice 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Oct1998, Vol. 28 Issue 4-6, p449; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006544110215
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simoneit, Bernd
AU  - Summons, R.
AU  - Jahnke, L.
T1  - Biomarkers as Tracers for Life on Early Earth and Mars.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1998/10//
VL  - 28
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
EP  - 483
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Biomarkers in geological samples are products derived from biochemical (natural product) precursors by reductive and oxidative processes (e.g., cholestanes from cholesterol). Generally, lipids, pigments and biomembranes are preserved best over longer geological times and labile compounds such as amino acids, sugars, etc. are useful biomarkers for recent times. Thus, the detailed characterization of biomarker compositions permits the assessment of the major contributing species of extinct and/or extant life. In the case of the early Earth, work has progressed to elucidate molecular structure and carbon isotopic signals preserved in ancient sedimentary rocks. In addition, the combination of bacterial biochemistry with the organic geochemistry of contemporary and ancient hydrothermal ecosystems permits the modeling of the nature, behavior and preservation potential of primitive microbial communities. This approach uses combined molecular and isotopic analyses to characterize lipids produced by cultured bacteria (representative of ancient strains) and to test a variety of culture conditions which affect their biosynthesis. On considering Mars, the biomarkers from lipids and biopolymers would be expected to be preserved best if life flourished there during its early history (3.5–4 × 109 yr ago). Both oxidized and reduced products would be expected. This is based on the inferred occurrence of hydrothermal activity during that time with the concomitant preservation of biochemically-derived organic matter. Both known biomarkers (i.e., as elucidated for early terrestrial samples and for primitive terrestrial microbiota) and novel, potentially unknown compounds should be characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52539554; Simoneit, Bernd 1; Summons, R. 2; Jahnke, L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Petroleum and Environmental Geochemistry Group, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331 U.S.A.; 2: Australian Geological Survey Organisation, Canberra, s[ACT 2601 Australia; 3: Planetary Biology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Oct1998, Vol. 28 Issue 4-6, p475; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006508012904
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107175492
T1  - Aviation incident reporting: your contribution to EMS safety.
AU  - Connell LJ
Y1  - 1998/11//1998 Nov-Dec
N1  - Accession Number: 107175492. Language: English. Entry Date: 19990401. Revision Date: 20150820. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; USA. NLM UID: 9516730. 
KW  - Aeromedical Transport
KW  - Incident Reports
KW  - Accidents, Aviation -- Prevention and Control
SP  - 14
EP  - 16
JO  - AIRMED
JF  - AIRMED
JA  - AIRMED
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Elsevier Science
AB  - The vast, accessible ASRS database is an invaluable resource to EMS industry efforts in education, training, and accident prevention.
SN  - 1079-6134
AD  - Director of NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Observation of a Paradoxical Temperature Increase During Cognitive Stress in Some Chronic Pain Patients.
AU  - Wickramasekera, Ian E.
AU  - Kolm, Paul
AU  - Pope, Alan
AU  - Turner, Marsha
JO  - Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback
JF  - Applied Psychophysiology & Biofeedback
Y1  - 1998/12//
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
SP  - 233
EP  - 241
SN  - 10900586
N1  - Accession Number: 11305262; Author: Wickramasekera, Ian E.: 1 Author: Kolm, Paul: 2 Author: Pope, Alan: 3 Author: Turner, Marsha: 2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Saybrook Institute and Stanford Medical School, Stanford, California: 2 Eastern Virginia Medical School: 3 NASA Langley Research Center; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20031107
N2  - A total of 224 chronic pain somatoform disorder patients without obvious pathophysiology or psychopathology were found to have colder hands than nonpatients. A paradoxical temperature increase (PTI) in response to a cognitive stressor (mental arithmetic) was noted in a subset of these chronic pain patients. Patients were defined as “PTI” responders if, during cognitive stress, an increase in digital temperature occurred over a prior eyes closed resting condition. It was found that 49.4% of males and 42.6% of females in a total sample of 224 patients demonstrated PTI. The PTI patients had significantly colder hands than non-PTI patients prior to stress. A concurrent SCL measure of sympathetic activation found no difference between the PTI and non-PTI groups either at baseline or during cognitive stress. It appears from this data that PTI is specific to the peripheral vascular system of these patients and may be a marker of psychophysiological dissociation or trauma blocked from consciousness. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *STRESS (Physiology)
KW  - *HAND
KW  - *BODY temperature
KW  - *CHRONIC pain
KW  - *PATIENTS
KW  - hand temperature
KW  - paradoxical vasodilatation
KW  - stress
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 48507
AU  - Perminov, V. G.
AU  - United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration
T1  - [Untitled]
T3  - Monographs in Aerospace History; No. 15. Np; 1999-06-251-Hq. N.P. series; 06-251-HQ
Y1  - 1999/01/01/
CY  - Washington, D.C.
CY  - United States
PB  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Headquarters. National Technical Information Service, distributor
SN  - 0160588596
N1  - Accession Number: 48507; Extent: 79 pp; Document Type: Government document; Language: English; Note/Abstract: Government document number: NAS 1.83:06-251-HQ. GPO item number: 0830-I (MF). Stock number: 19990054835 NASA. Shipping list number: 2000-0199-M. Microfiche. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1999. 1 microfiche. SUBMITTED BY: Maria Gorecki Nowak, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (mgnowak@uiuc.edu)
KW  - Russia (Federation)--Aerospace Industry
KW  - Russia (Federation)--Science and Technology
KW  - Russia (Federation)--Space Program
KW  - Soviet Union--Aerospace Industry
KW  - Soviet Union--Science and Technology
KW  - Soviet Union--Space Program
KW  - U.S.-Russian Relations--Space Cooperation--Mars Mission
KW  - U.S.-Soviet Relations--Space Cooperation--Mars Mission
KW  - U.S.-Soviet Relations--Space Race
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UR  - http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cgp/index.html
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - sbh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Summers, David
T1  - Sources and Sinks for Ammonia and Nitrite on the Early Earth and the Reaction of Nitrite with Ammonia.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1999/01//
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 46
SN  - 01696149
AB  - An analysis of sources and sinks for ammonia and nitrite on the early Earth was conducted. Rates of formation and destruction, and steady state concentrations of both species were determined by steady state kinetics. The importance of the reaction of nitrite with ammonia on the feasibility of ammonia formation from nitrite was evaluated. The analysis considered conditions such as temperature, ferrous iron concentration, and pH. For sinks we considered the reduction of nitrite to ammonia, reaction between nitrite and ammonia, photochemical destruction of both species, and destruction at hydrothermal vents. Under most environmental conditions, the primary sink for nitrite is reduction to ammonia. The reaction between ammonia and nitrite is not an important sink for either nitrite or ammonia. Destruction at hydrothermal vents is important at acidic pH's and at low ferrous iron concentrations. Photochemical destruction, even in a worst case scenario, is unimportant under many conditions except possibly under acidic, low iron concentration, or low temperature conditions. The primary sink for ammonia is photochemical destruction in the atmosphere. Under acidic conditions, more of the ammonia is tied up as ammonium (reducing its vapor pressure and keeping it in solution) and hydrothermal destruction becomes more important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534935; Summers, David 1; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA – Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000; Issue Info: Jan1999, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p33; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006517823004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52534935&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, Richard
AU  - Zent, Aaron
T1  - Peroxide-Modified Titanium Dioxide: a Chemical Analog of Putative Martian Soil Oxidants.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1999/01//
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 72
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Hydrogen peroxide chemisorbed on titanium dioxide (peroxide-modified titanium dioxide) is investigated as a chemical analog to the putative soil oxidants responsible for the chemical reactivity seen in the Viking biology experiments. When peroxide-modified titanium dioxide (anatase) was exposed to a solution similar to the Viking labeled release (LR) experiment organic medium, CO2 gas was released into the sample cell headspace. Storage of these samples at 10 °C for 48 hr prior to exposure to organics resulted in a positive response while storage for 7 days did not. In the Viking LR experiment, storage of the Martian surface samples for 2 sols (∼49 hr) resulted in a positive response while storage for 141 sols essentially eliminated the initial rapid release of CO2. Heating the peroxide-modified titanium dioxide to 50 °C prior to exposure to organics resulted in a negative response. This is similar to, but not identical to, the Viking samples where heating to approximately 46 °C diminished the response by 54–80% and heating to 51.5 apparently eliminated the response. When exposed to water vapor, the peroxide-modified titanium dioxide samples release O2 in a manner similar to the release seen in the Viking gas exchange experiment (GEx). Reactivity is retained upon heating at 50 °C for three hours, distinguishing this active agent from the one responsible for the release of CO2 from aqueous organics. The release of CO2 by the peroxide-modified titanium dioxide is attributed to the decomposition of organics by outer-sphere peroxide complexes associated with surface hydroxyl groups, while the release of O2 upon humidification is attributed to more stable inner-sphere peroxide complexes associated with Ti4+ cations. Heating the peroxide-modified titanium dioxide to 145 °C inhibited the release of O2, while in the Viking experiments heating to this temperature diminished but did not eliminated the response. Although the thermal stability of the titanium-peroxide complexes in this work is lower than the stability seen in the Viking experiments, it is expected that similar types of complexes will form in titanium containing minerals other than anatase and the stability of these complexes will vary with surface hydroxylation and mineralogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534938; Quinn, Richard 1; Zent, Aaron 2; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-14 Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A.; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Jan1999, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p59; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006506022182
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52534938&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guice, Jon
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center
T1  - Designing the Future: The Culture of New Trends in Science and Technology
JO  - Research Policy
JF  - Research Policy
Y1  - 1999/01//
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
SP  - 81
EP  - 98
SN  - 00487333
N1  - Accession Number: 0485084; Keywords: Technical;  Technology; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 199903
N2  - In order to influence major trends in research and development, interested groups use technical arguments, among other means, to promote shared models of the future. This article proposes that two specific forms of argument are endemic to trend-promotion in science and technology: intended self-fulfilling prophecy and emotional rhetoric. It is illustrated with a close reading of a document by the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency concerning a field of information technology.
KW  - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes          O33
KW  - Neural Networks and Related Topics          C45
L3  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00487333
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0485084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00487333
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Maly, Kurt
AU  - Nelson, Michael L
AU  - Zubair, Mohammad
T1  - Smart objects, dumb archives: a user-centric, layered digital library framework
JO  - D-Lib Magazine
JF  - D-Lib Magazine
Y1  - 1999/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SN  - 10829873
AB  - A large number of superb digital libraries currently exist which, unfortunately, are vertically integrated and all present a monolithic interface to their users. Ideally, a user would want to locate resources from a variety of digital libraries dealing only with one interface. A number of approaches address this interoperability issue by either defining a universal protocol for all libraries to adhere to, or by developing mechanisms to translate between protocols. Illustrates an alternative approach that reduces the level of universal protocols to one for digital object communication and for communication for simple archives. The approach creates the opportunity for digital library service providers to create digital libraries tailored to the needs of user communities drawing from available archives and individual publishers who adhere to this standard. Creates a reference implementation based on the hypertext transfer protocol (http), deriving the protocols from the Dienst protocol. Creates a special class of digital objects called 'buckets' and a number of archives based on a NASA collection and National Science Foundation-funded projects. Starting from NCSTRL, outlines the development of a set of digital library services called NCSTRL+, and the creation of digital libraries for researchers, educators, and students that can each draw on all the archives and individually created buckets.
KW  - Virtual libraries
KW  - Interfacing
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Models
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3503225; Maly, Kurt 1; Email Address: maly@cs.odu.edu; Nelson, Michael L 2; Email Address: m.l.nelson@larc.nasa.gov; Zubair, Mohammad 3; Email Address: zubair@cs.odu.edu; Affiliations: 1 : Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23592; 2 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; 3 : Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23592;  Source Info: March 1999, Vol. 5 Issue 3; Note: Article URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/march99/maly/03maly.html; Note: Update Code: 3508; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual libraries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protocols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Models; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lohn, Jason D.
T1  - Experiments on Evolving Software Models of Analog Circuits.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1999/04//
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 69
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - Analog circuits are of great importance in electronic system design since the world is fundamentally analog in nature. While the amount of digital design activity far outpaces that of analog design, most digital systems require analog modules for interfacing with the external world. Using a hybrid of a standard genetic algorithm and a genetic program, three experiments were performed in which goals were to evolve low-pass filters. A low-pass filter is a circuit that allows low frequencies to pass through it, but stops high frequencies from doing so. The design tasks posed in experiments increased in difficulty, starting first with a low-pass filter found in an electronic stethoscope design. The system found a suitable circuit after evaluating approximately 10,000 circuits. The goal of the second experiment was to find a filter with more stringent specification called a 3rd-order Butterworth filter. The third experiment had the most stringent specifications. The experimental results using a new circuit constructing language were encouraging.
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC analog computers -- Circuits
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - STETHOSCOPES
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
N1  - Accession Number: 11872619; Lohn, Jason D. 1; Email Address: jlohn@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Research Scientist with the Caelum Research Corporation at NASA Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, CA.; Issue Info: Apr99, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p67; Thesaurus Term: SYSTEMS design; Thesaurus Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC analog computers -- Circuits; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: STETHOSCOPES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/299157.299875
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McClinton, Charles R.
T1  - Air-Breathing Engines.
JO  - Scientific American Presents
JF  - Scientific American Presents
Y1  - 1999/04//
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 63
PB  - Scientific American
SN  - 15240223
AB  - The article focuses on the air-breathing engines. The air-breathing engines have several advantages over rockets. In comparison to rocket engines, air-breathing engines require less propellant, fuel, but no oxidizer, resulting in lighter, smaller and cheaper launch vehicles. To produce the same thrust, air-breathing engines require less than one seventh the propellant that rockets do. Furthermore, because air-breathing vehicles rely on aerodynamic forces rather than on rocket thrust, they have greater maneuverability, leading to higher safety: flights can be aborted, with the vehicle gliding back to Earth. Missions can also be more flexible.
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - AIRBREATHING launch vehicles
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
N1  - Accession Number: 20935643; McClinton, Charles R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Technology manager of the Hyper-X Program , NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.; Issue Info: 1999, p62; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: AIRBREATHING launch vehicles; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1226
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Kenwright, David
AU  - Cox, Michael
AU  - Ellsworth, David
AU  - Haimes, Robert
T1  - Visually Exploring GIGABYTE DATA SETS in REAL TIME.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1999/08//
VL  - 42
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 90
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article focuses on the virtual exploration of gigabyte data sets in real time. Where megabyte data sets were once considered large, data sets from individual simulations in the 300GB range are now found. But understanding the data resulting from high-end computations is a significant endeavor. Mathematician and pioneer computer scientist, Richard W. Hamming, pointed out that the purpose of computing is insight, not numbers. Analyzing large amounts of data presents a number of technical challenges. Simply getting all the data for analysis stresses even high-end hardware, it can take an hour to load a 100GB data set into memory. Loading the data little by little results in long times for a single pass through the data. Scientific visualization, or the use of computer graphics to represent data in ways that supports understanding, has played an increasingly important role in the analysis of large data sets. At NASA Ames Research Center's Numerical Aerospace Simulation Division, researchers are developing visualization systems for understanding very large data sets.  INSET: Feature Extraction for Computational Fluid Dynamics..
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - VISUALIZATION
KW  - COMPUTER graphics
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - COMPUTER scientists
KW  - HAMMING, R. W. (Richard Wesley), 1915-1998
N1  - Accession Number: 11871874; Bryson, Steve 1; Email Address: bryson@nas.nasa.gov; Kenwright, David 2; Email Address: davidk@nas.nasa.gov; Cox, Michael 2; Email Address: mbc@nas.nasa.gov; Ellsworth, David 2; Email Address: ellswort@nas.nasa.gov; Haimes, Robert 3; Email Address: haimes@orville.mit.edu; Affiliations: 1: Research scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif; 2: MRJ Technology Solutions, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif; 3: Principal research engineer, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.; Issue Info: Aug1999, Vol. 42 Issue 8, p82; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER science; Thesaurus Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: VISUALIZATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER graphics; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: COMPUTER scientists; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; People: HAMMING, R. W. (Richard Wesley), 1915-1998; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/310930.310977
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heath, Martin
AU  - Doyle, Laurance
AU  - Joshi, Manoj
AU  - Haberle, Robert
T1  - Habitability of Planets Around Red Dwarf Stars.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 1999/08//
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 405
EP  - 424
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Recent models indicate that relatively moderate climates could exist on Earth-sized planets in synchronous rotation around red dwarf stars. Investigation of the global water cycle, availability of photosynthetically active radiation in red dwarf sunlight, and the biological implications of stellar flares, which can be frequent for red dwarfs, suggests that higher plant habitability of red dwarf planets may be possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534967; Heath, Martin 1; Doyle, Laurance 2; Joshi, Manoj 3; Haberle, Robert 3; Affiliations: 1: Biospheres Project, 47 Tulsemere Road, West Norwood London SE27 9EH U.K.; 2: SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Drive Mountain View 94043 U.S.A.; 3: Space Science Division Mail Stop 245-3, N.A.S.A. Ames Research Center, Moffet Field 94035 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Aug1999, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p405; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006596718708
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52534967&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107080390
T1  - Physiologic and thermal responses of male and female patients with multiple sclerosis to head and neck cooling.
AU  - Ku YE
AU  - Montgomery LD
AU  - Wenzel KC
AU  - Webbon BW
AU  - Burks JS
Y1  - 1999/09//1999 Sep-Oct
N1  - Accession Number: 107080390. Language: English. Entry Date: 20000101. Revision Date: 20150819. Publication Type: Journal Article; CEU; exam questions; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. Instrumentation: Subjective Perception of Fatigue Scale; Heat Sensitivity Scale; Fatigue Severity Scale. NLM UID: 8803677. 
KW  - Multiple Sclerosis -- Rehabilitation
KW  - Cold -- Therapeutic Use
KW  - Body Temperature
KW  - Multiple Sclerosis -- Physiopathology
KW  - Monitoring, Physiologic
KW  - Head
KW  - Neck
KW  - Heart Rate
KW  - Cold -- Equipment and Supplies
KW  - Clinical Assessment Tools
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Education, Continuing (Credit)
KW  - Human
SP  - 447
EP  - 499
JO  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
JA  - AM J PHYS MED REHABIL
VL  - 78
IS  - 5
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - Personal cooling systems are used to alleviate symptoms of multiple sclerosis and to prevent increased core temperature during daily activities. The objective of this study was to determine the thermal and physiologic responses of patients with multiple sclerosis to short-term maximal head and neck cooling. A Life Support Systems, Inc. Mark VII portable cooling system and a liquid cooling helmet were used to cool the head and neck regions of 24 female and 26 male patients with multiple sclerosis in this study. The subjects, seated in an upright position at normal room temperature (approximately 22 degrees C), were cooled for 30 min by the liquid cooling garment, which was operated at its maximum cooling capacity. Oral, right, and left ear temperatures and cooling system parameters were logged manually every 5 min. Forearm, calf, chest, and rectal temperatures, heart rate, and respiration rate were recorded continuously on a U.F.I., Inc. Biolog ambulatory monitor. This protocol was performed during the winter and summer to investigate the seasonal differences in the way patients with multiple sclerosis respond to head and neck cooling. No significant differences were found between the male and female subject group's mean rectal or oral temperature responses during any phase of the experiment. The mean oral temperature decreased significantly (P < 0.05) for both groups approximately 0.3 degrees C after 30 min of cooling and continued to decrease further (approximately 0.1-0.2 degrees C) for a period of approximately 15 min after removal of the cooling helmet. The mean rectal temperatures decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in both male and female subjects in the winter studies (approximately 0.2-0.3 degrees C) and for the male subjects during the summer test (approximately 0.2 degrees C). However, the rectal temperature of the female subjects did not change significantly during any phase of the summer test. These data indicate that head and neck cooling may, in general, be used to reduce the oral and body temperatures of both male and female patients with multiple sclerosis by the approximate amount needed for symptomatic relief as shown by other researchers. However, thermal response of patients with multiple sclerosis may be affected by gender and seasonal factors, which should be considered in the use of liquid cooling therapy.
SN  - 0894-9115
AD  - Lockheed Martin Engineering & Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035
U2  - PMID: 10493455.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quattrochi, Dale A.
AU  - Luvall, Jeffrey C.
T1  - Thermal infrared remote sensing for analysis of landscape ecological processes: methods and applications.
JO  - Landscape Ecology
JF  - Landscape Ecology
Y1  - 1999/12//
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 577
EP  - 598
SN  - 09212973
AB  - Focuses on thermal infrared remote sensing (TIR) for analysis of landscape ecological processes. Role of the remote sensing for measurements of surface energy fluxes and temperatures; Role of TIR in observation, measurement, and analysis of energy balance characteristics.
KW  - Landscape ecology
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Bioenergetics
KW  - Landscape design
KW  - Surface energy
KW  - Temperature measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 13986801; Quattrochi, Dale A. 1; Luvall, Jeffrey C. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Global Hydrology and Climate Center, SD60, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama 35812, USA.; Issue Info: Dec1999, Vol. 14 Issue 6, p577; Thesaurus Term: Landscape ecology; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Bioenergetics; Subject Term: Landscape design; Subject Term: Surface energy; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Esaias, Wayne E.
AU  - Iverson, Richard L.
AU  - Turpie, Kevin
T1  - Ocean province classification using ocean colour data: observing biological signatures of variations in physical dynamics.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2000/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 55
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - SummaryWe have used satellite colour data to classify ocean environments for monitoring interannual changes in the ocean. The unsupervised classification method is based on our observation that the frequency distributions of Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) annual pigment means and standard deviations are nonuniform and contain distinct clusters. The frequency distributions are used to objectively determine ocean areas with similar pigment statistical characteristics. A major separation between high variance, high pigment and lower variance, lower pigment waters is observed in terms of global ocean area. The ocean areas determined with our method reflect different bio-logical responses to variations in ocean physical dynamics. Pigment means and variances around the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) Time Series stations are used as fiducial characteristics. Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) station is associated with the low-variance portion of the global annual pigment distribution characteristic of the central gyres, but shows slightly higher mean and variance than the minima in the central Pacific gyre. The Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS) pigment associations comprise a transitional region between the gyres and high-variance pigment areas, and circumscribe the HOT pigment associations. Together, these associations encompass 23% (HOT-like) and 48% (BATS-like) of the Northern Hemisphere open ocean. The Pacific regions delineated by the JGOFS station pigment-based patterns are similar to distributions described historically for Pacific zooplankton communities. Interannual variation for the northern hemisphere gyre area is on the order of by 10% for the 11/78–10/81 period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Biological pigments
KW  - Environment classification
KW  - equations
KW  - export
KW  - Ocean dynamics
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - production
N1  - Accession Number: 5471375; Esaias, Wayne E. 1; Iverson, Richard L. 2; Turpie, Kevin 3; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,; 2: Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-3048,; 3: General Sciences Corporation, Laurel, MD 20707, USA; Issue Info: Jan2000, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p39; Subject Term: Ocean color; Subject Term: Biological pigments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environment classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: export; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: phytoplankton; Author-Supplied Keyword: production; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00285.x
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107119655
T1  - Human and behavioral factors contributing to spine-based neurological cockpit injuries in pilots of high-performance aircraft: recommendations for management and prevention.
AU  - Jones JA
AU  - Hart SF
AU  - Baskin DS
AU  - Effenhauser R
AU  - Johnson SL
AU  - Novas MA
AU  - Jennings R
AU  - Davis J
Y1  - 2000/01//2000 Jan
N1  - Accession Number: 107119655. Language: English. Entry Date: 20000701. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; case study; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 2984771R. 
KW  - Aircraft -- Classification
KW  - Cervical Vertebrae -- Injuries
KW  - Neck Pain -- Etiology
KW  - Pilots
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - Exercise Physiology
KW  - Movement
KW  - Gravitation
KW  - Ergonomics
KW  - Intervertebral Disk -- Pathology
KW  - Posture -- Physiology
KW  - Spinal Diseases -- Etiology
KW  - Stress, Mechanical
KW  - Weight Lifting -- Physiology
KW  - Male
KW  - Adult
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Cross Sectional Studies
KW  - Retrospective Design
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Visual Analog Scaling
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Paresthesia
KW  - Incidence
KW  - Prevalence
KW  - Radiculopathy
KW  - Epidemiological Research
KW  - Self Report
KW  - Confounding
KW  - Bias (Research)
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Human
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
JO  - Military Medicine
JF  - Military Medicine
JA  - MILIT MED
VL  - 165
IS  - 1
CY  - Bethesda, Maryland
PB  - AMSUS
AB  - In high-performance aircraft, the need for total environmental awareness coupled with high-g loading (often with abrupt onset) creates a predilection for cervical spine injury while the pilot is performing routine movements within the cockpit. In this study, the prevalence and severity of cervical spine injury are assessed via a modified cross-sectional survey of pilots of multiple aircraft types (T-38 and F-14, F-16, and F/A-18 fighters). Ninety-five surveys were administered, with 58 full responses. Fifty percent of all pilots reported in-flight or immediate post-flight spine-based pain, and 90% of fighter pilots reported at least one event, most commonly (> 90%) occurring during high-g (> 5 g) turns of the aircraft with the head deviated from the anatomical neutral position. Pre-flight stretching was not associated with a statistically significant reduction in neck pain episodes in this evaluation, whereas a regular weight training program in the F/A-18 group approached a significant reduction (mean = 2.492; p < 0.064). Different cockpit ergonomics may vary the predisposition to cervical injury from airframe to airframe. Several strategies for prevention are possible from both an aircraft design and a preventive medicine standpoint. Countermeasure strategies against spine injury in pilots of high-performance aircraft require additional research, so that future aircraft will not be limited by the human in control.
SN  - 0026-4075
AD  - Medical Operations Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 4th MAW(MED), MAG 42, Det C NASNOLAJRB; and 147th Medical Squadron, TXANG, Ellington Field, Houston, TX
U2  - PMID: 10658420.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Sugars as the Optimal Biosynthetic Carbon Substrate of Aqueous Life Throughout the Universe.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2000/01//
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 43
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Our previous analysis of the energetics ofmetabolism showed that both the biosynthesis of aminoacids and lipids from sugars, and the fermentation oforganic substrates, were energetically driven byelectron transfer reactions resulting in carbon redoxdisproportionation (Weber, 1997). Redoxdisproportionation – the spontaneous (energeticallyfavorable) direction of carbon group transformation inbiosynthesis – is brought about and driven by theenergetically downhill transfer of electron pairs frommore oxidized carbon groups (with lower half-cellreduction potentials) to more reduced carbon groups(with higher half-cell reduction potentials). In thisreport, we compare the redox and kinetic properties ofcarbon groups in order to evaluate the relativebiosynthetic capability of organic substrates, and toidentify the optimal biosubstrate. This analysisrevealed that sugars (monocarbonyl alditols) are theoptimal biosynthetic substrate because they containthe maximum number of biosynthetically useful highenergy electrons/carbon atom while still containing asingle carbonyl group needed to kinetically facilitatetheir conversion to useful biosynthetic intermediates. This conclusion applies to aqueous life throughout theUniverse because it is based on invariant aqueouscarbon chemistry – primarily, the universal reductionpotentials of carbon groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 52534993; Weber, Arthur 1; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Jan2000, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p33; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006627406047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Van de Sompel, Herbert
AU  - Krichel, Thomas
AU  - Nelson, Michael L
AU  - Hochstenbach, Patrick
T1  - The UPS Prototype: an experimental end-user service across e-print archives
JO  - D-Lib Magazine
JF  - D-Lib Magazine
Y1  - 2000/02//
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SN  - 10829873
AB  - A meeting was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, October 21-22, 1999, to generate discussion and consensus about interoperability of publicly available scholarly information archives. Invitees represented several well known e-print and report archive initiatives, as well as organizations with interests in digital libraries and the transformation of scholarly communication. The central goal of the meeting was to agree on recommendations that would make the creation of end-user services (such as scientific search engines and linking systems) for data originating from distributed and dissimilar archives easier. The Universal Preprint Service (UPS) Prototype was developed in preparation for this meeting. As a proof-of-concept of a multi-discipline digital library of publicly available scholarly material, the Prototype harvested nearly 200,000 records from several different archives and created an attractive end-user environment. Describes the results of the project by: (1) illustrating the experimental end-user service that was created during the project; and (2) presenting the lessons that the project team drew from the experience of creating the prototype.
KW  - COLLECTION management (Libraries)
KW  - ELECTRONIC publications
KW  - Preservation
KW  - Methodology
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3503496; Van de Sompel, Herbert 1; Email Address: herbert.vandesompel@rug.ac.be; Krichel, Thomas 2; Email Address: t.krichel@surrey.ac.uk; Nelson, Michael L 3; Email Address: m.l.nelson@larc.nasa.gov; Hochstenbach, Patrick 4; Affiliations: 1 : Los Alamos National Lab., Los Alamos, NM; 2 : University of Surrey, UK; 3 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; 4 : University of Ghent, Belgium;  Source Info: February 2000, Vol. 6 Issue 2; Note: Article URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february00/vandesompel-ups/02vandesompel-ups.html; Note: Update Code: 3508; Subject Term: COLLECTION management (Libraries); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC publications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methodology; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Small, Christopher
AU  - Gornitz, Vivien
AU  - Cohen, Joel E.
T1  - Coastal Hazards and the Global Distribution of Human Population.
JO  - Environmental Geosciences
JF  - Environmental Geosciences
Y1  - 2000/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 12
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 10759565
AB  - ABSTRACTA frequently predicted consequence of global climate change is an increased effect of coastal hazards on the world's human population. The impact of coastal hazards depends on the proximity of human population to the coastal zone. Recently compiled population estimates are combined with a new continental digital elevation model in an attempt to quantify the global distribution of human population and occupied land area with respect to elevation and coastal proximity. The limited spatial resolution of the census data allows one to quantify some of the uncertainty in the spatial distribution of population. This provides a lower bound on the uncertainty in the resulting distributions but does not account for uncertainty in the census data or elevation data. Long-term records of relative sea level rise, tidal heights, and storm surge heights can be combined with global sea level rise estimates for a variety of climate change scenarios to estimate the approximate magnitude of vertical changes in local sea level. It is verified that large numbers of people live at low elevations near coasts but the uncertainties are too large to provide meaningful estimates of the number of people who reside in so-called “coastal zones” worldwide. The principal conclusion is that both the spatial distribution and the resolution of global data must be significantly improved before realistic quantitative assessments of the global impact of coastal hazards can be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Geosciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hazardous geographic environments
KW  - Coasts
KW  - Population geography
KW  - coastal, global, hazard, population, sea level rise, uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 5218823; Small, Christopher 1; Gornitz, Vivien 2; Cohen, Joel E. 3; Affiliations: 1: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University , Palisades, NY 10964; 2: Center for Climate Systems Research , Columbia University and Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025; 3: Rockefeller University and Columbia Earth Institute and School of International and Public Affairs , 1230 York Ave., Box 20, New York, NY 10021-6399; Issue Info: Mar2000, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p3; Thesaurus Term: Hazardous geographic environments; Thesaurus Term: Coasts; Thesaurus Term: Population geography; Author-Supplied Keyword: coastal, global, hazard, population, sea level rise, uncertainty; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1526-0984.2000.71005.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Subramanyam, Guru
AU  - Van Keuls, Frederick W.
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
T1  - A K-band-frequency agile microstrip bandpass filter using a thin-film HTS/ferroelectric/dielectric multilayer configuration.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
PY  - 2000/04//Apr2000 Part 1
Y1  - 2000/04//Apr2000 Part 1
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 525
EP  - 530
SN  - 00189480
AB  - In this paper, we report on YBa2Cu3O7-δ (YBCO) thin-film/SrTiO3 (STO) thin-film K-band tunable bandpass filters on LaAlO3 (LAO) dielectric substrates. The two-pole filter has a center frequency of 19 GHz and a 4% bandwidth. Tunability is achieved through the nonlinear DC electric-field dependence of the relative dielectric constant of STO (εr STO). A large tunability (Δf/f0=(fV max-f0)/f 0, where f0 is the center frequency of the filter at no bias and fV max is the center frequency of the filter at the maximum applied bias) of greater than 10% was obtained in YBCO/STO/LAO microstrip bandpass filters operating below 77 K. A center frequency shift of 2.3 GHz (i.e., a tunability factor of approximately 15%) was obtained at a 400 V bipolar DC bias, and 30 K, with minimal degradation in the insertion loss of the filter. This paper addresses design, fabrication, and testing of tunable filters based on STO ferroelectric thin films. The performance of the YBCO/STO/LAO filters is compared to that of gold/STO/LAO counterparts [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - BANDPASS filters
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - STRIP transmission lines
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 52037942; Source Information: Apr2000 Part 1, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p525; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: BANDPASS filters; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: STRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/22.842023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107007767
T1  - Combined dietary and exercise intervention for control of serum cholesterol in the workplace.
AU  - Angotti CM
AU  - Chan WT
AU  - Sample CJ
AU  - Levine MS
Y1  - 2000/09//2000 Sep-Oct
N1  - Accession Number: 107007767. Language: English. Entry Date: 20010316. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; equations & formulas; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Blind Peer Reviewed; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Health Promotion/Education; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 8701680. 
KW  - Diet, Fat-Restricted
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Health Promotion
KW  - Cholesterol -- Blood
KW  - Record Review
KW  - Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol -- Blood
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Cardiovascular Risk Factors
KW  - Data Analysis, Statistical
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Nonexperimental Studies
KW  - Occupational Health Services
KW  - Human
SP  - 9
EP  - 16
JO  - American Journal of Health Promotion
JF  - American Journal of Health Promotion
JA  - AM J HEALTH PROMOT
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
AB  - PURPOSE: To elucidate a potential combined dietary and exercise intervention affect on cardiovascular risk reduction of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters employees. DESIGN: A nonexperimental, longitudinal, clinical-chart review study (1987 to 1996) of an identified intervention group and a reference (not a control) group. SETTING: The study group worked in an office environment and participated in the annual medical examinations. SUBJECTS: An intervention group of 858 people with initially elevated serum cholesterol, and a reference group of 963 people randomly sampled from 10% of the study group. MEASURES: Serum cholesterol data were obtained for both groups, respectively, from pre- and postintervention and annual examinations. The reference group was adjusted by statistical exclusion of potential intervention participants. Regression equations (cholesterol vs. study years) for the unadjusted/adjusted reference groups were tested for statistical significance. INTERVENTION: An 8-week individualized, combined dietary and exercise program was instituted with annual follow-ups and was repeated where warranted. RESULTS: Only the unadjusted (but not the adjusted) reference group with initial mean total serum cholesterol levels above 200 mg/dL shows a significant 9-year decline trend and significant beta coefficient tests. An intervention effect is suggested. Mean high density lipoprotein cholesterol rose slightly in the intervention group but was maintained in the reference group. CONCLUSION: With potential design limitations, the NASA intervention program focusing on a high risk group may be associated to some degree, if not fully, with an overall cardiovascular risk profile improvement.
SN  - 0890-1171
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Mail Code UH, 300E Street SW, Washington, DC 20546
U2  - PMID: 11184120.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107150259
T1  - Physiologic and functional responses of MS patients to body cooling.
AU  - Ku YE
AU  - Montgomery LD
AU  - Lee HC
AU  - Luna B
AU  - Webbon BW
Y1  - 2000/09//2000 Sep-Oct
N1  - Accession Number: 107150259. Language: English. Entry Date: 20001201. Revision Date: 20150819. Publication Type: Journal Article; CEU; exam questions; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 8803677. 
KW  - Hypothermia, Induced -- Methods
KW  - Multiple Sclerosis -- Therapy
KW  - Psychomotor Performance
KW  - Body Temperature
KW  - Exercise Test, Muscular
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - Hypothermia, Induced -- Equipment and Supplies
KW  - Skin Temperature
KW  - Treatment Outcomes
KW  - Multiple Sclerosis -- Physiopathology
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Power Analysis
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Education, Continuing (Credit)
KW  - Human
SP  - 427
EP  - 467
JO  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
JF  - American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation
JA  - AM J PHYS MED REHABIL
VL  - 79
IS  - 5
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
T3  - 2000 series: number 13
AB  - OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the responses of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to short-term cooling therapy using three different vest configurations. DESIGN: Each garment was used to cool 13 male and 13 female MS subjects (31-67 yr). Oral and right and left ear temperatures were logged manually every 5 min. Arm, leg, chest, and rectal temperatures, heart rate, and respiration were recorded continuously on a Biolog ambulatory monitor. Each subject was given a series of subjective and objective evaluation tests before and after cooling. RESULTS: The Life Enhancement Technologies and Steele vests test groups had similar, significant (P < 0.01) cooling effects on oral and ear canal temperatures, which decreased approximately 0.4 degrees C and 0.3 degrees C, respectively. The Life Enhancement Technologies active liquid cooling vest produced the coldest (P < 0.01) skin temperature and provided the most improvement on subjective and objective performance measures. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the various garment configurations tested do not produce similar thermal responses in all MS patients. The circulating liquid cooling vest was found to be more effective than either of the two passive cooling garments tested.
SN  - 0894-9115
AD  - Mail Stop 236-5, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035
U2  - PMID: 10994884.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - Remington, R W
AU  - Johnston, J C
AU  - Ruthruff, E
AU  - Gold, M
AU  - Romera, M
T1  - Visual search in complex displays: factors affecting conflict detection by air traffic controllers.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2000///Fall2000
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - journal article
SP  - 349
EP  - 366
SN  - 00187208
AB  - Recent free flight proposals to relax airspace constraints and give greater autonomy to aircraft have raised concerns about their impact on controller performance. Relaxing route and altitude restrictions would reduce the regularity of traffic through individual sectors, possibly impairing controller situation awareness. We examined the impact of this reduced regularity in four visual search experiments that tested controllers' detection of traffic conflicts in the four conditions created by factorial manipulation of fixed routes (present vs. absent) and altitude restrictions (present vs. absent). These four conditions were tested under varying levels of traffic load and conflict geometry (conflict time and conflict angle). Traffic load and conflict geometry showed strong and consistent effects in all experiments. Color coding altitude also substantially improved detection times. In contrast, removing altitude restrictions had only a small negative impact, and removing route restrictions had virtually no negative impact. In some cases conflict detection was actually better without fixed routes. The implications and limitations of these results for the feasibility of free flight are discussed. Actual or potential applications include providing guidance in the selection of free flight operational concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Free flight (Air traffic control)
N1  - Accession Number: 3966485; Remington, Roger W.; Johnston, James C.; Remington, R W 1; Johnston, J C; Ruthruff, E; Gold, M; Romera, M; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: Fall2000, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p349; Subject Term: Air traffic control; Subject Term: Free flight (Air traffic control); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107011472
T1  - Ecological study of dietary and smoking links to lymphoma.
AU  - Grant WB
Y1  - 2000/12//2000 Dec
N1  - Accession Number: 107011472. Language: English. Entry Date: 20010330. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Alternative/Complementary Therapies; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9705340. 
KW  - Lymphoma
KW  - Lymphoma -- Etiology
KW  - Lymphoma -- Mortality
KW  - Diet
KW  - Smoking
KW  - Multiple Linear Regression
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Human
SP  - 563
EP  - 572
JO  - Alternative Medicine Review
JF  - Alternative Medicine Review
JA  - ALTERN MED REV
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
CY  - Napa, California
PB  - Alternative Medicine Review LLC
AB  - The ecological approach is used to investigate dietary and smoking links to lymphoma. International mortality rate data for 1986 and 1994 by gender and age group are compared with national dietary supply values of various food components for up to 10 years prior to the mortality data as well as per capita cigarette consumption rates 5 and 15 years earlier. The non-fat portion of milk, 3-9 years prior to the 1986 mortality data and 4 years prior to the 1994 data, was found to have the highest association with lymphoma, with r as high as 0.89. The results imply that 70 percent of lymphoma mortality may be related to this dietary component. Cigarette smoking in 1980 was found to have a weaker association with 1994 lymphoma mortality rates, being most important for younger men and statistically insignificant for younger women. The non-fat milk result is consistent with both case-control studies and a Norwegian prospective study, and with the often-observed finding that abnormal calcium metabolism, hypercalciuria, and dysregulated calcitriol production are common in normocalcemic patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). It is hypothesized that excess dietary calcium from milk is a significant risk factor for lymphoma.
SN  - 1089-5159
AD  - Lidar Applications Group, Atmospheric Sciences Research, NASA Langley Research Center; wbgrant@norfolk.infi.net
U2  - PMID: 11134979.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, S.R.
AU  - Castenholz, R.W.
T1  - THE EVOLUTION OF THERMOTOLERANCE IN HOT SPRING CYANOBACTERIA OF THE GENUS SYNECHOCOCCUS.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 2000/12/02/Dec2000 Supplement 1
VL  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - The extension of ecological tolerance limits may be an important mechanism by which microorganisms adapt to novel environments, but it may come at the evolutionary cost of reduced performance under ancestral conditions. We combined a comparative physiological approach with phylogenetic analyses to study the evolution of thermotolerance in hot spring cyanobacteria of the genus Synechococcus. Among the twenty laboratory clones of Synechococcus isolated from collections made along an Oregon hot spring thermal gradient, four different 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences were identified. Phylogenies constructed using these sequence data indicated that the clones were polyphyletic but also that three of the four sequence groups formed a clade. Differences in thermotolerance were observed for clones with different 16S rRNA gene sequences, and comparison of these physiological differences within a phylogenetic framework provided evidence that more thermotolerant lineages of Synechococcus evolved from less thermotolerant ancestors. The extension of the thermal limit in these bacteria was correlated with a reduction in thermal niche breadth, which may have implications for the geographic distributions of these organisms. This study illustrates the utility of using phylogenetic comparative methods to investigate how evolutionary processes have shaped historical patterns of ecological diversification in microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Microorganisms
N1  - Accession Number: 11234351; Miller, S.R. 1; Castenholz, R.W. 2; Affiliations: 1: M/S 239-4, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA;; 2: Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA; Issue Info: Dec2000 Supplement 1, Vol. 36, p48; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1529-8817.1999.00001-143.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Linde, Charlotte
T1  - Narrative and social tacit knowledge
JO  - Journal of Knowledge Management
JF  - Journal of Knowledge Management
Y1  - 2001///
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 160
EP  - 170
SN  - 13673270
AB  - Discusses the role of narrative in the expression and transmission of social knowledge as a specific type of tacit knowledge. A central mechanism by which social knowledge is conveyed, narrative provides a bridge between the tacit and the explicit, allowing tacit social knowledge to be demonstrated and learned, without the need to propositionalize it. Institutions can best maintain their stock of stories by providing occasions on which they can be told. Archival systems such as databases, lessons learned systems, and video records are less effective, particularly when they attempt to store records or transcripts of oral stories. However, they can be improved by attention to key design dimensions, including appropriate allocation of the effort required from system administrators and users, and attention to translation between genres.
KW  - INFORMATION theory
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc
KW  - Knowledge
KW  - Personal Networks
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3602739; Linde, Charlotte 1; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA;  Source Info: 2001, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p160; Note: Update Code: 3607; Subject Term: INFORMATION theory; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knowledge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Personal Networks; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Erzberger, Heinz
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
A2  - Bianco, Lucio
A2  - Dell'Olmo, Paolo
A2  - Odoni, Amedeo R.
T1  - Direct-To Tool for En Route Controllers
T2  - New concepts and methods in air traffic management
PB  - Transportation Analysis series.
PB  - Heidelberg and New York:
PB  - Springer
Y1  - 2001///
SP  - 179
EP  - 198
N1  - Accession Number: 0650224 Partial authors List; ; Reviewed Book ISBN: 3-540-41637-4; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 200307
KW  - Air Transportation          L93
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Nelson, Michael L
T1  - Better interoperability through the Open Archives Initiative
JO  - New Review of Information Networking
JF  - New Review of Information Networking
Y1  - 2001///
VL  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 146
SN  - 13614576
AB  - The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is an evolving protocol and philosophy regarding interoperability for digital libraries (DLs). Previously, 'distributed searching' models were popular for DL interoperability, but experience has shown that distributed searching systems across large numbers of DLs are difficult to maintain in an Internet environment. The OAI is a move away from distributed searching, focusing on the arguably simpler model of 'metadata harvesting.' Perhaps the strongest and distinguishing feature of OAI is its simplicity: by being smaller than previous interoperability projects, it actually allows for more powerful and adaptable configurations and deployments. Key concepts in OAI include the separation of responsibilities of 'service provider' and 'data provider' and the use of community-specific metadata sets (with Dublin Core as the lingua franca). Gives a brief history of the OAI, examines the protocol itself, and lists some current projects and future directions.
KW  - DIGITAL libraries
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing -- Distributed processing
KW  - Compatibility
KW  - Models
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3702191; Nelson, Michael L 1; Email Address: m.l.nelson@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681;  Source Info: 2001, Vol. 7, p133; Note: Update Code: 3705; Subject Term: DIGITAL libraries; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing -- Distributed processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compatibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Models; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ott, C. Mark
AU  - Day, Donal F.
AU  - Koenig, David W.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
T1  - The Release of Alginate Lyase from Growing Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola.
JO  - Current Microbiology
JF  - Current Microbiology
Y1  - 2001/02//
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
EP  - 81
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03438651
AB  - Pseudomonas syringae pathovar phaseolicola, which produces alginate during stationary growth phase, displayed elevated extracellular alginate lyase activity during both mid-exponential and late-stationary growth phases of batch growth. Intracellular activity remained below 22% of the total activity during exponential growth, suggesting that alginate lyase has an extracellular function for this organism. Extracellular enzyme activity in continuous cultures, grown in either nutrient broth or glucose–simple salts medium, peaked at 60% of the washout rate, although nutrient broth-grown cultures displayed more than twice the activity per gram of cell mass. These results imply that growth rate, nutritional composition, or both initiate a release of alginate lyase from viable P. syringae pv. phaseolicola, which could modify its entrapping biofilm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Current Microbiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biofilms
KW  - Microbial aggregation
KW  - Pseudomonas
KW  - Extracellular enzymes
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Proteins
N1  - Accession Number: 15312133; Ott, C. Mark 1; Email Address: charlie.m.ott1@jsc.nasa.gov; Day, Donal F. 1; Koenig, David W. 2; Pierson, Duane L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Audubon Sugar Institute, Louisiana Experimental Station, South Stadium Road, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.; 2: Krug Life Sciences, 1290 Hercules Drive, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Mail Code SD3, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.; Issue Info: Feb2001, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p78; Thesaurus Term: Biofilms; Thesaurus Term: Microbial aggregation; Subject Term: Pseudomonas; Subject Term: Extracellular enzymes; Subject Term: Enzymes; Subject Term: Proteins; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s002840010182
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=15312133&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Nelson, Michael L
AU  - Maly, Kurt
T1  - Smart objects and open archives
JO  - D-Lib Magazine
JF  - D-Lib Magazine
Y1  - 2001/02//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SN  - 10829873
AB  - Within the context of digital libraries (DLs), describes a way to transform information objects 'first-class citizens'. Decouples information objects from the systems used for their storage and retrieval, allowing the technology for both DLs and information content to progress independently. Asserts that dismantling the stovepipe of 'DL-archive-content' is the first step in building richer DL experiences for users and insuring the long-term survivability of digital information. Demonstrates this partitioning between DLs, archives, and information content by introducing 'buckets': aggregative, intelligent, object-oriented constructs for publishing in digital libraries. Buckets exist within the Smart Object, Dumb Archive (SODA) DL model, which promotes the importance and responsibility of individual information objects and reduces the role of traditional archives and database systems. The goal is to have smart objects be independent of and more resilient to the transient nature of information systems. The SODA model fits well with the emerging Open Archives Initiative (OAI), which promotes DL interoperability through the use of simple archives. Examines the motivation for buckets, SODA, and the OAI, and discusses some initial experiences using them in various DL testbeds.
KW  - Virtual Libraries
KW  - Data Representation
KW  - Preservation
KW  - Object-Oriented Systems
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3600828; Nelson, Michael L 1; Email Address: m.l.nelson@larc.nasa.gov; Maly, Kurt 2; Email Address: maly@cs.odu.edu; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; 2 : Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23592;  Source Info: February 2001, Vol. 7 Issue 2; Note: Article URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/february01/nelson/02nelson.html; Note: Update Code: 3602; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual Libraries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data Representation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Object-Oriented Systems; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - The Sugar Model: Catalysis by Amines and Amino Acid Products.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2001/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 86
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Ammonia and amines (including amino acids) were shown tocatalyze the formation of sugars from formaldehyde andglycolaldehyde, and the subsequent conversion of sugars tocarbonyl-containing products under the conditions studied (pH5.5 and 50°C). Sterically unhindered primary amineswere better catalysts than ammonia, secondary amines, andsterically hindered primary amines (i.e.α-aminoisobutyric acid). Reactions catalyzed by primaryamines initially consumed formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde about15–20 times faster than an uncatalyzed control reaction. Theamine-catalyzed reactions yielded aldotriose (glyceraldehyde),ketotriose (dihydroxyacetone), aldotetroses (erythrose andthreose), ketotetrose (erythrulose), pyruvaldehyde, acetaldehyde,glyoxal, pyruvate, glyoxylate, and several unindentifiedcarbonyl products. The concentrations of the carbonyl products,except pyruvate and ketotetrose, initially increased and thendeclined during the reaction, indicating their ultimateconversion to other products (like larger sugars or pyruvate).The uncatalyzed control reaction yielded no pyruvate orglyoxylate, and only trace amounts of pyruvaldehyde, acetaldehyde and glyoxal. In the presence of 15 mM catalyticprimary amine, such as alanine, the rates of triose andpyruvaldehyde of synthesis were about 15-times and 1200-timesfaster, respectively, than the uncatalyzed reaction. Sinceprevious studies established that alanine is synthesized fromglycolaldehyde and formaldehyde via pyruvaldehyde as its directprecursor, the demonstration that the alanine catalyzes theconversion of glycolaldehyde and formaldehyde to pyruvaldehydeindicates that this synthetic pathway is capable ofautocatalysis. The relevance of this synthetic process, namedthe Sugar Model, to the origin of life is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - amine catalysis
KW  - amino acid catalysis
KW  - autocatalysis
KW  - formose reaction
KW  - molecular evolution
KW  - prebiotic synthesis
KW  - sugar chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 52535024; Weber, Arthur 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, SETI Institute, Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A; Issue Info: Feb2001, Vol. 31 Issue 1/2, p71; Author-Supplied Keyword: amine catalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: amino acid catalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: autocatalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: formose reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: sugar chemistry; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1006750423942
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katzberg, S. J.
AU  - Garrison, J. L.
T1  - Surface reflected signals from the Global Positioning System for ionospheric measurements: experimental results at aircraft altitudes.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2001/03/10/
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 663
EP  - 689
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Several spaceborne altimeters have been built and flown, and others are being developed, to provide measurements of ocean and ice sheet topography. Until the launch of TOPEX (Ocean Topography Experiment), altimeters were single-frequency systems that were incapable of removing the effects of ionospheric delay on the radar pulse. With the current state-of-the-art in satellite altimetry, the ionosphere causes the largest single error when using single-frequency altimeters. Ionospheric models provide the only recourse short of adding a second frequency to the altimeter. Unfortunately, measurements of the ionosphere are lacking over the oceans or ice sheets where they are most needed. A possible solution to the lack of data density may result from an expanded use of the Global Positioning System (GPS). This paper discusses how the reflection of the GPS signal from the ocean can be used to extend ionospheric measurements by simply adding a GPS receiver and downward-pointing antenna to satellites carrying single-frequency altimeters. The viability of this concept hinges upon the ability to acquire and code-track the reflected signal for an extended period of time over a variety of sea states. The theory of specularly and diffusely reflected radio frequency radiation from a rough surface is reviewed. Results of experiments to demonstrate tracking of a reflected signal are presented for three aircraft flights over the Chesapeake Bay and the Eastern Shore of Virginia. The experimental hardware consisted of two off-the shelf receivers configured such that one received the GPS signal in the conventional manner using a right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) antenna on top of the fuselage and the other could receive the reflected signal using a left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) antenna on the bottom of the fuselage. Three tests were performed on the data to verify that the signals received in the bottom antenna were sea surface reflections: pseudorange double differences were compared against predicted geometric range double differences, characteristics of a signal reflected from a random surface were observed in the carrier to noise ratio and predicted specular points were plotted which demonstrate reflection only from wet areas. These tests indicated tracking of reflected signals for extended periods of time at altitudes of up to 5500m and sporadic signal acquisition at higher altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Global Positioning System
N1  - Accession Number: 4197013; Katzberg, S. J. 1; Garrison, J. L. 1; Affiliations: 1: Spacecraft and Sensors Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 03/10/2001, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p663; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Ionosphere; Subject Term: Global Positioning System; Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160050505919
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=4197013&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hou, Arthur Y.
AU  - Zhang, Sara Q.
AU  - da Silva, Arlindo M.
AU  - Olson, William S.
AU  - Kummerow, Christian D.
AU  - Simpson, Joanne
T1  - Improving Global Analysis and Short-Range Forecast Using Rainfall and Moisture Observations Derived from TRMM and SSM/I Passive Microwave Sensors.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2001/04//
VL  - 82
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 659
EP  - 679
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Describes the benefits of using rainfall and total precipitable water (TPW) information derived from instruments in global data assimilation with observations from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Microwave Imager and two Special Sensor Microwave/Imager instruments.  Importance of addressing deficiencies in model physics in assimilating data types such as precipitation; Potential of using rainfall and TPW information.
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Rainfall probabilities
KW  - Precipitable water
N1  - Accession Number: 4923351; Hou, Arthur Y. 1; Email Address: arthur.hou@gsfc.nasa.gov; Zhang, Sara Q. 1,2; da Silva, Arlindo M. 1; Olson, William S. 3; Kummerow, Christian D. 1,4; Simpson, Joanne 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: General Sciences Corp., a subsidiary of Science Applications International Corp., Beltsville, Maryland; 3: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 4: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Issue Info: Apr2001, Vol. 82 Issue 4, p659; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Subject Term: Rainfall probabilities; Subject Term: Precipitable water; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 9 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 11084
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Liu, Xiaoming
AU  - Maly, Kurt
AU  - Zubair, Mohammad
AU  - Nelson, Michael L
T1  - Arc: an OAI service provider for digital library federation
JO  - D-Lib Magazine
JF  - D-Lib Magazine
Y1  - 2001/04//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SN  - 10829873
AB  - The usefulness of the many online journals and scientific digital libraries is limited by the inability to federate these resources through a unified interface. The Open Archive Initiative (OAI) is one major effort to address technical interoperability among distributed archives. The objective of OAI is to develop a framework to facilitate the discovery of content in distributed archives. Describes the experience and lessons learned in building Arc, the first federated searching service based on the OAI protocol. Arc harvests metadata from several OAI-compliant archives, normalizes them, and stores them in a search service based on a relational database (MySQL or Oracle). At present, Arc contains over 320,000 metadata records from 18 data providers from various subject domains. An OAI layer has been implemented over Arc, thus making hierarchical harvesting possible. Discusses experiences applicable to others planning to build an OAI service provider.
KW  - ELECTRONIC publications
KW  - STANDARDIZATION
KW  - Networks
KW  - Distributed Systems
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3601653; Liu, Xiaoming 1; Email Address: liu_x@cs.odu.edu; Maly, Kurt 2; Email Address: maly@cs.odu.edu; Zubair, Mohammad 3; Email Address: zubair@cs.odu.edu; Nelson, Michael L 4; Affiliations: 1 : Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA; 2 : Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA; 3 : Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA; 4 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA;  Source Info: April 2001, Vol. 7 Issue 4; Note: Article URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/april01/liu/04liu.html; Note: Update Code: 3604; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC publications; Subject Term: STANDARDIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed Systems; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nelson, Michael L.
AU  - Maly, Kurt
T1  - BUCKETS: SMART OBJECTS FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2001/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 60
EP  - 62
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article introduces "buckets," smart objects for a digital library. It is an aggregative, intelligent, object-oriented constructs that contain data, metadata and the methods for accessing both. Some of the bucket's responsibilities include storing, tracking, and enforcing its terms and conditions, maintenance, display and dissemination of its contents and maintaining its event logs. Buckets must be self-sufficient and perform their required tasks without digital library support have a bunker mentality, even if other digital library services degenerate, buckets continue to function as long as HTTP and Pearl Internet protocol exist. Creation and management-oriented methods are to be accessed by bucket tools. There are projects with similar aggregation goals as buckets from the digital library community. Future plans include significant utilization of bucket mobility and intelligence, inducing buckets actively involved in their long-term survivability and interacting with digital library services to report their observed usage patterns.
KW  - DIGITAL libraries
KW  - ACCESS control
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems
KW  - COMPUTER network protocols
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 11932985; Nelson, Michael L. 1; Email Address: m.l.nelson@larc.nasa.gov; Maly, Kurt 2; Email Address: maly@cs.odu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Engineer at NASA Langley Research Center.; 2: Kaufman Professor Chair of the Department of Computer Science at Old Dominion University.; Issue Info: May2001, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p60; Thesaurus Term: DIGITAL libraries; Thesaurus Term: ACCESS control; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER software; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER network protocols; Thesaurus Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/374308.374342
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=11932985&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Kenneth W.
AU  - Vogler, Detlev R.
AU  - Parker, V. Thomas
AU  - Makhija, Shilpa
T1  - Defoliation effects on the ectomycorrhizal community of a mixed Pinus contorta/Picea engelmannii stand in Yellowstone Park.
JO  - Oecologia
JF  - Oecologia
Y1  - 2001/05/02/
VL  - 127
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 533
EP  - 539
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00298549
AB  - Molecular genetic methods were used to determine whether artificial defoliation affects ectomycorrhizal (EM) colonization, EM fungal species richness, and species composition in a mixed Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine)/Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce) forest in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming. All lodgepole pines in three replicate plots were defoliated 50%, while Engelmann spruce were left untreated. This was done to determine how defoliation of one conifer species would affect EM mutualisms of both treated and neighboring, untreated conifers. The results indicated no significant effect on either EM colonization (142.0 EM tips/core in control plots and 142.4 in treatment plots) or species richness (5.0 species/core in controls and 4.5 in treatments). However, the relative abundance of EM of the two tree species shifted from a ratio of approximately 6:1 without treatment (lodgepole EM:spruce EM), to a near 1:1 ratio post-treatment. This shift may be responsible for maintaining total EM colonization and species richness following defoliation. In addition, EM species composition changed significantly post-defoliation; the system dominant, an Inocybe species, was rare in defoliation plots, while Agaricoid and Suilloid species that were rare in controls were dominant in treatments. Furthermore, species of EM fungi associating with both lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce were affected, which indicates that changing the photosynthetic capacity of one species can affect mycorrhizal associations of neighboring non-defoliated trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oecologia is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Defoliation
KW  - Colonization (Ecology)
KW  - Plant colonization
KW  - Lodgepole pine
KW  - Ectomycorrhizas
KW  - Community ecology
KW  - Ectomycorrhizae
KW  - ITS-RFLP
KW  - PCR
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 15687165; Cullings, Kenneth W. 1; Email Address: kcullings@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Vogler, Detlev R. 2; Parker, V. Thomas 3; Makhija, Shilpa 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: USDA Forest Service, Institute of Forest Genetics, 1100 West Chiles Road, Davis, CA 95616-6138, USA; 3: Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; Issue Info: May2001, Vol. 127 Issue 4, p533; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Thesaurus Term: Defoliation; Thesaurus Term: Colonization (Ecology); Thesaurus Term: Plant colonization; Subject Term: Lodgepole pine; Subject Term: Ectomycorrhizas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhizae; Author-Supplied Keyword: ITS-RFLP; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s004420000610
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=15687165&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - The Sugar Model: Catalytic Flow Reactor Dynamics of Pyruvaldehyde Synthesis from Triose Catalyzed by Poly-L-Lysine Contained in a Dialyzer.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2001/06//
VL  - 31
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 231
EP  - 240
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The formation of pyruvaldehyde from triose sugars was catalyzedby poly-L-lysine contained in a small dialyzer with a 100molecular weight cut off (100 MWCO) suspended in a much largertriose substrate reservoir at pH 5.5 and 40 °C. Thepolylysine confined in the dialyzer functioned as a catalyticflow reactor that constantly brought in triose from thesubstrate reservoir by diffusion to offset the drop in trioseconcentration within the reactor caused by its conversion topyruvaldehyde. The catalytic polylysine solution (400 mM, 0.35mL) within the dialyzer generated pyruvaldehyde with a syntheticintensity (rate/volume) that was 3400 times greater than that ofthe triose substrate solution (12 mM, 120 mL) outside thedialyzer. Under the given conditions the final yield ofpyruvaldehyde was greater than twice the weight of thepolylysine catalyst. During the reaction the polylysine catalystwas poisoned presumably by reaction of its amino groups withaldehyde reactants and products. Similar results were obtainedusing a dialyzer with a 500 MWCO. The dialyzer method ofcatalyst containment was selected because it provides a simpleand easily manipulated experimental system forstudying the dynamics and evolutionary development of confinedautocatalytic processes related to the origin of life underanaerobic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - catalysis
KW  - flow reactor
KW  - glyceraldehyde
KW  - molecular evolution
KW  - origin of life
KW  - prebiotic synthesis
KW  - pyruvaldehyde
KW  - sugar dehydration
KW  - triose
N1  - Accession Number: 52535035; Weber, Arthur 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, SETI Institute, Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A; Issue Info: Jun2001, Vol. 31 Issue 3, p231; Author-Supplied Keyword: catalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow reactor; Author-Supplied Keyword: glyceraldehyde; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: origin of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: pyruvaldehyde; Author-Supplied Keyword: sugar dehydration; Author-Supplied Keyword: triose; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1010642016903
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52535035&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Nelson, Michael L
T1  - Buckets: a new digital library technology for preserving NASA research
JO  - Journal of Government Information
JF  - Journal of Government Information
Y1  - 2001/07//July/August 2001
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 394
SN  - 13520237
AB  - A fundamental task of research organizations is the preservation and dissemination of their intellectual output. Historically, this has been accomplished with hardcopy formats through a multi-tiered approach of using the open literature, self-publishing, and an array of cooperative libraries and depositories. However, recent advances in the area of digital libraries (DLs) address some of the shortcomings of traditional hardcopy preservation and dissemination. One of these technologies is 'buckets,' an aggregative, intelligent construct for publishing. Buckets exist within the Smart Object, Dumb Archive (SODA) DL model, which can be summarized as promoting the importance and responsibility of individual information objects and reducing the role of traditional archives and database systems. The goal is that smart objects will be independent of and more resilient to the transient nature of information systems. Examines the motivation for buckets and SODA, and discusses some initial experiences in using these DL technologies in some US government research laboratories in NASA the Air Force, and the Department of Energy.
KW  - DIGITAL libraries
KW  - PRESERVATION of materials
KW  - INFORMATION dissemination
KW  - GOVERNMENT information
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3702190; Nelson, Michael L 1; Email Address: m.l.nelson@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681;  Source Info: July/August 2001, Vol. 28 Issue 4, p369; Note: Publisher's URL: http://www.elsevier.nl; Note: Update Code: 3705; Subject Term: DIGITAL libraries; Subject Term: PRESERVATION of materials; Subject Term: INFORMATION dissemination; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT information; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bell, Ann Maria
AD  - Orbital Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
T1  - Reinforcement Learning Rules in a Repeated Game
JO  - Computational Economics
JF  - Computational Economics
Y1  - 2001/08//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
SP  - 89
EP  - 110
SN  - 09277099
N1  - Accession Number: 0608006; Keywords: Games;  Learning;  Repeated Games; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200207
N2  - This paper examines the performance of simple reinforcement learning algorithms in a stationary environment and in a repeated game where the environment evolves endogenously based on the actions of other agents. Some types of reinforcement learning rules can be extremely sensitive to small changes in the initial conditions, consequently, events early in a simulation can affect the performance of the rule over a relatively long time horizon. However, when multiple adaptive agents interact, algorithms that performed poorly in a stationary environment often converge rapidly to a stable aggregate behaviors despite the slow and erratic behavior of individual learners. Algorithms that are robust in stationary environments can exhibit slow convergence in an evolving environment.
KW  - Stochastic and Dynamic Games; Evolutionary Games; Repeated Games          C73
KW  - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief          D83
L3  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10614
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0608006&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10614
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steininger, M. K.
AU  - Tucker, C. J.
AU  - Ersts, P.
AU  - Killeen, T. J.
AU  - Villegas, Z.
AU  - Hecht, S. B.
T1  - Clearance and Fragmentation of Tropical Deciduous Forest in the Tierras Bajas, Santa Cruz, Bolivia.
JO  - Conservation Biology
JF  - Conservation Biology
Y1  - 2001/08//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 856
EP  - 866
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 08888892
AB  - Abstract: The Tierras Bajas is an area of 20,000 km 2 of lowland deciduous forest in eastern Santa Cruz, Bolivia, that has undergone rapid change during the past two decades. As part of the largest remaining area of intact deciduous tropical forest in the world, it has been nominated a priority area for conservation by several environmental organizations. We quantified the spatial and temporal patterns of deforestation in the area by digital processing of high-resolution satellite imagery from 1975 through 1998. The estimated rate of deforestation was among the highest in the world for such a limited area, ranging from 160 km 2/year in the early1980s to almost 1200 km 2/year in the late 1990s. Although most deforestation up to 1984 was in Bolivian peasant and Mennonite colonies, most deforestation after 1984 was in non-Mennonite industrial soybean farms. The level of fragmentation of uncut forest, caused by the spatial patterns of deforestation, also differed among these broad land-use types. Deforestation in planned and spontaneous peasant colonies was complex in shape, forming relatively large areas of edge-affected forest, whereas that in Mennonite and other industrial farms was in large, rectangular increments, creating relatively less edge. But the distribution of these farms and the practice of initially clearing around the peripheries of properties resulted in the isolation of large areas of forest. In 1998 four-fifths of the remaining forest were either within 1 km of a clearance edge or in isolated fragments of <50 km2. Compared with deforested areas, the areas of isolated and edge-affected forest were disproportionately large during the early stages of frontier colonization. These results imply that if the fragmentation effects of deforestation are to be minimized, conservation planning must occur at the earliest stages of frontier development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Bolivia
N1  - Accession Number: 4951308; Steininger, M. K. 1; Tucker, C. J. 1; Ersts, P. 2; Killeen, T. J. 3; Villegas, Z. 4; Hecht, S. B. 5; Affiliations: 1: Code 923, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A.; 2: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, U.S.A.; 3: Missouri Botanical Gardens, St. Louis, MO 63110, U.S.A.; 4: Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado, Santa Cruz, Bolivia; 5: Department of Regional Planning, School of Public Policy, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Aug2001, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p856; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Subject: Bolivia; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Illustration, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004856.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=4951308&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Julie A.
AU  - Lulla, Kamlesh P.
AU  - Kashiwagi, Minoru
AU  - Suzuki, Maggie
AU  - Nellis, M. Duane
AU  - Bussing, Charles E.
AU  - Long, Warren J. Lee
AU  - McKenzie, Len J.
T1  - Conservation Applications of Astronaut Photographs of Earth: Tidal-Flat Loss ( Japan), Elephant Effects on Vegetation (Botswana), and Seagrass and Mangrove Monitoring (Australia).
JO  - Conservation Biology
JF  - Conservation Biology
Y1  - 2001/08//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 876
EP  - 884
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 08888892
AB  - Abstract: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA) photographs taken by astronauts from low Earth orbit can provide information relevant to conservation biology. This data source is now more accessible because of improvements in digitizing technology, Internet file transfer, and availability of image processing software. We present three examples of conservation-related projects that benefited from the use of astronaut photographs. First, NASA scientists requested that astronauts photograph the area of the controversial Isahaya Bay reclamation project in Japan. Japanese researchers used photographs from before and after the reclamation as a tool for communication with the public about the effects of tidal-flat loss. The newly acquired images and the availability of high-resolution digital images from NASA archives provided timely public information on the observed changes. Second, we digitally classified and analyzed a Space Shuttle photograph of Chobe National Park in Botswana to identify the locations of woodlands affected by elephants. Field validation later confirmed that areas identified on the image showed evidence of elephant damage. Third, we used a summary map from intensive field surveys of seagrasses in Shoalwater Bay, Australia, as reference data for a supervised classification of a digitized photograph taken from orbit. The classification distinguished seagrasses, sediments, and mangroves with accuracy approximating that in studies using other satellite remote-sensing data. Astronaut photographs are in the public domain, and the database of nearly 400,000 photographs from the late 1960s to the present is available at a single searchable location on the Internet ( http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/sseop). These photographs can be used by conservation biologists as a source of general information about the landscape and for quantitative mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Conservation projects (Natural resources)
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Photographs from space
N1  - Accession Number: 4951311; Robinson, Julie A. 1; Lulla, Kamlesh P. 1; Kashiwagi, Minoru 2; Suzuki, Maggie 2; Nellis, M. Duane 3; Bussing, Charles E. 4; Long, Warren J. Lee 5; McKenzie, Len J. 5; Affiliations: 1: Earth Sciences and Image Analysis, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2400 NASA Rd 1, C23, Houston, TX 77058, U.S.A.; 2: Tokyo Office, Japan Wetlands Action Network, 3–18–1 #105, Higashi-Toyoda, Hino-shi, Tokyo 191, Japan; 3: Department of Geology and Geography, and Eberly College of Arts and Sciences, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6286, Morgantown, WV 26505, U.S.A.; 4: Geography Department, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A.; 5: Northern Fisheries Centre, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, P.O. Box 5396, Cairns, Qld 4870, Australia; Issue Info: Aug2001, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p876; Thesaurus Term: Conservation projects (Natural resources); Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Photographs from space; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Illustration, 1 Chart, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004876.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Herman, Jay R.
AU  - Celarier, Edward A.
AU  - Wilkinson, John W.
AU  - Carey, Cynthia
AU  - Rusin, Robert J.
T1  - Evaluating Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure with Satellite Data at Sites of Amphibian Declines in Central and South America.
JO  - Conservation Biology
JF  - Conservation Biology
Y1  - 2001/08//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 914
EP  - 929
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 08888892
AB  - Abstract: Many amphibian species have experienced substantial population declines or have disappeared altogether during the last several decades at a number of amphibian survey sites in Central and South America. Our study addresses the use of trends in solar UV-B radiation exposure (280–320 nm) at these sites over the last two decades, derived from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer satellite data. It is intended to demonstrate a role for satellite observations in determining whether UV-B radiation is a contributing factor in amphibian declines. We used these data to calculate the daily erythemal (sunburning) UV-B, or UV-Bery , exposure at the latitude, longitude, and elevation of each of 20 survey sites. The annually averaged UV-Bery dose, as well as the maximum values, have been increasing in both Central and South America, with higher levels reached at the Central American sites. The annually averaged UV-Bery exposure increased significantly from 1979–1998 at all 11 Central American sites we examined (r 2 = 0.60–0.79; p ≤ 0.015), with smaller but significant increases at five of the nine South American sites (r 2 = 0.24–0.42; p ≤ 0.05). The number of days having the highest UV-B exposure (≥6.75 kJ/m2/day) increased in both regions from <40 days per year to approximately 58 days per year in 1998 (r2 = 0.24–0.42; p ≤ 0.001). In Central America, the contribution of these very high UV-Bery exposure levels to the annual UV-Bery total increased from approximately 5 to approximately 15% over the 19-year period, but actual daily exposures for each species are unknown. A UV-B ratio, the highest monthly UV-B exposure relative to the annual average for the highest UV-B category (≥6.75 kJ/m2), increased in both regions over this time period (r 2 = 0.73; p ≤ 0.001).... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Amphibians
KW  - Animals -- Population biology
KW  - Radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 4951301; Middleton, Elizabeth M. 1; Herman, Jay R. 2; Celarier, Edward A. 3; Wilkinson, John W. 4; Carey, Cynthia 5; Rusin, Robert J. 6; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics (Code 923), Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A., email betsym@ltpmail.gsfc.nasa.gov.; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheres (Code 916), Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A.; 3: Software Corporation of America, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A.; 4: Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom; 5: Department of Environmental, Population, and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, U.S.A.; 6: Natural Sciences Department, Bowie State University, Bowie, MD 20715, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Aug2001, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p914; Thesaurus Term: Amphibians; Thesaurus Term: Animals -- Population biology; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411110 Live animal merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Illustration, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1523-1739.2001.015004914.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=4951301&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Havelund, Klaus
AU  - Lowry, Mike
AU  - Penix, John
T1  - Formal Analysis of a Space-Craft Controller Using SPIN.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
PY  - 2001/08//
Y1  - 2001/08//
VL  - 27
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 749
EP  - 765
SN  - 00985589
AB  - This paper documents an application of the finite state model checker SPIN to formally analyze a multithreaded plan execution module. the plan execution module is one component of NASA's New Millennium Remote Agent, an artificial intelligence-based space-craft control system architecture which launched in October of 1998 as part of the DEEP SPACE 1 mission. the bottom layer of the plan execution module architecture is a domain specific language, named ESL (Executive Support Language), implemented as an extension to multithreaded COMMON LISP. ESL supports the construction of reactive control mechanisms for autonomous robots and space-craft. For this case study, we translated the ESL services for managing interacting parallel, goal-and-event driven processes into the PROMELA input language of SPIN. A total of five previously undiscovered concurrency errors were identified within the implementation of ESL. According to the Remote Agent programming team, the effort has had a major impact, locating errors that would not have been located otherwise and, in one case, identifying a major design flaw. In fact, in a different part of the system, a concurrency bug identical to one discovered by this escaped testing and caused a deadlock during an in-flight experiment 96 million kilometers from earth. The work additionally motivated the introduction of procedural abstraction in terms of inline procedures into SPIN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Control systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 11942808; Source Information: Aug2001, Vol. 27 Issue 8, p749; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Control systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 17p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pinelli, Thomas E.
T1  - Distinguishing Engineers from Scientists- The Case for an Engineering Knowledge Community.
JO  - Science & Technology Libraries
JF  - Science & Technology Libraries
Y1  - 2001/08//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 161
SN  - 0194262X
AB  - This article makes the case for an engineering knowledge community. We begin by discussing the differences between science and technology.Wenext discuss the similarities and differences between engineers and scientists. Next, we analyze previous research into the information use behaviors of engineers. Finally, using the research results from the NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project, we compare and contrast aerospace engineers and scientists as a means of developing similarities and differences between engineers and scientists in terms of their information-seeking behavior. The goal of this article is to demonstrate that engineers are not scientists and that knowledge production and use differ in engineering and science. We believe that the current model used to explain information-seeking behavior assumes no difference between the information-seeking of engineers and scientists. The distinctions between engineering and science, engineers and scientists and the information-seeking behaviors of engineers and scientists have multiple implications for providing information services, knowledge management, and diffusing knowledge. The message to libraries is know thy customer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Science & Technology Libraries is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION-seeking behavior
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - KNOWLEDGE management
KW  - LIBRARY administration
KW  - ENGINEERS
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - Engineers
KW  - innovation
KW  - knowledge community
KW  - knowledge diffusion
KW  - library services
KW  - management
KW  - scientists
N1  - Accession Number: 27649684; Pinelli, Thomas E. 1; Email Address: t.e.pinelli@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : Educational Technology and Distance Learning Officer, Mail Stop 400, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199;  Source Info: 2001, Vol. 21 Issue 3/4, p131; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION-seeking behavior; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION services; Thesaurus Term: KNOWLEDGE management; Thesaurus Term: LIBRARY administration; Subject Term: ENGINEERS; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineers; Author-Supplied Keyword: innovation; Author-Supplied Keyword: knowledge community; Author-Supplied Keyword: knowledge diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: library services; Author-Supplied Keyword: management; Author-Supplied Keyword: scientists; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elrad, Tzilla
AU  - Fillman, Robert E.
AU  - Bader, Atef
T1  - ASPECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2001/10//
VL  - 44
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 32
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article focuses on aspect-oriented-programming (AOP) which is based on the idea that computer systems are better programmed by separately specifying the various concerns of a system and description of their relationships. AOP is focused on mechanisms for simplifying the realization of crosscutting concerns. Aspectual requirements are concerns that introduce crosscutting in the implementation. Examples of aspectual requirements include synchronization policies that require a whole set of operations to following a consistent locking protocol, traversals of complex object graphs that require global information, accounting mechanisms that must be notified of every chargeable action, fault tolerance mechanisms that require consistent creation of redundant copies, and quality of service concerns that require fine tuning of system priorities. AOP, the author further maintains, offers aspects, mechanisms beyond subroutines and inheritance for localizing the expression of a crosscutting concern.
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - FAULT-tolerant computing
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - SYNCHRONIZATION
N1  - Accession Number: 11934646; Elrad, Tzilla 1; Email Address: elrad@iit.edu; Fillman, Robert E. 2; Email Address: rfilman@riacs.edu; Bader, Atef 3; Email Address: abader@lucent.com; Affiliations: 1: Research Professor leading the Concurrent Programming Research Group, Department of Computer Science, Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago.; 2: Scientist, Research Institute of Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA.; 3: Member of the Technical Staff at Lucent Technologies in Chicago, IL.; Issue Info: Oct2001, Vol. 44 Issue 10, p28; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER programming; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER systems; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER architecture; Thesaurus Term: FAULT-tolerant computing; Thesaurus Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: SYNCHRONIZATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Maluf, David A.
AU  - Tran, Peter B.
T1  - Articulation Management for Intelligent Integration of Information
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
Y1  - 2001/11//
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 485
PB  - IEEE
SN  - 10946977
AB  - When combining data from distinct sources, there is a need to share metadata and other knowledge about various source domains. Due to semantic inconsistencies and heterogeneity of representations, problems arise in combining multiple domains when the domains are merged. The knowledge that is irrelevant to the task of interoperation will be included, making the result unnecessarily complex. This heterogeneity problem can be eliminated by mediating the conflicts and managing the intersections of the domains. For interoperation and intelligent access to heterogeneous information, the focus is on the intersection of the knowledge, since intersection will define the required articulation rules. Presents a domain algebra, and demonstrates the use of articulation rules to link declarative interfaces for Internet and enterprise applications. Particularly discusses the articulation implementation as part of a production system capable of operating over the domain described by the interface description language (IDL) of objects registered in multiple common object request broker architecture (CORBA) servers.
KW  - EXPERT systems (Computer science)
KW  - DOMAIN structure
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - ALGEBRA
KW  - INTELLECT
KW  - Integrated systems
KW  - Semantic analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 6340645; Maluf, David A. 1; Email Address: maluf@email.arc.nasa.gov; Tran, Peter B. 2; Email Address: pbtran@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; 2 : QSS Group, Inc., Moffett Field, CA 94035;  Source Info: Nov2001, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p485; Note: Publisher's URL: http://www.ieee.org; Note: Publisher: IEEE; Note: Update Code: 3704; Subject Term: EXPERT systems (Computer science); Subject Term: DOMAIN structure; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ALGEBRA; Subject Term: INTELLECT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semantic analysis; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The aerodynamics of a tennis ball.
AU  - Mehta, R. D.
AU  - Pallis, J. M.
JO  - Sports Engineering (International Sports Engineering Association)
JF  - Sports Engineering (International Sports Engineering Association)
Y1  - 2001/11//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
SP  - 177
EP  - 189
SN  - 13697072
N1  - Accession Number: 5662039; Author: Mehta, R. D.: 1 Author: Pallis, J. M.: 2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA,: 2 Cislunar Aerospace, Inc., San Francisco, California, USA; No. of Pages: 13; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20011213
N2  - The aerodynamics of a tennis ball are presented and discussed here with the aid of recent wind tunnel measurements. A flow visualization study was conducted on a 28-cm diameter tennis ball model to establish the boundary layer separation locations and Reynolds number effects for both nonspinning and spinning cases. The flow visualization results showed that the separation location on a nonspinning tennis ball occurred relatively early, near the apex, and appeared very similar to a laminar separation in the subcritical Reynolds number regime. Qualitatively, the flow regime (boundary layer separation location) appeared to be independent of Reynolds number in the range, 167 000 < Re < 284 000. Asymmetric boundary layer separation and a deflected wake flow, depicting the Magnus effect, were observed for the spinning ball. In the second phase of the experiments, the drag coefficient of a variety of new and used tennis balls, including prototypes of the recently approved oversized ball, was measured for the case simulating a perfectly flat serve (a serve with zero spin). The measurements were conducted in a Reynolds number range of about 80 000 < Re < 300 000, which corresponds to a velocity range of 19 < U < 70 m s-1 (43 < U < 157 mph). The present data, which indicate relatively high drag coefficients for new tennis balls (CD ≅ 0.6–0.7), are compared to existing data for spherical models with varying degrees of surface roughness. The observed (unexpected) behaviour of the tennis ball drag coefficient is explained in terms of a new flow model that includes the drag contribution of the ‘fuzz’ elements. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *TENNIS balls
KW  - *AERODYNAMICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - aerodynamics
KW  - boundary layer
KW  - Drag coefficient
KW  - Flow separation
KW  - Magnus effect
KW  - tennis ball
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley
AU  - Koenig, Albert
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA and U Hong Kong
AD  - U Hong Kong
T1  - Ecosystem Appropriation by Hong Kong and Its Implications for Sustainable Development
JO  - Ecological Economics
JF  - Ecological Economics
Y1  - 2001/12//
VL  - 39
IS  - 3
SP  - 347
EP  - 359
SN  - 09218009
N1  - Accession Number: 0596682; Keywords: Development;  Land;  Resources; Geographic Descriptors: Hong Kong; China; Geographic Region: Asia; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200203
N2  - The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is a highly developed modern city where technical and economic advances have made it possible to support 7 million people on 120 km[superscript 2] of built-up land, resulting in 58000 people per km[superscript 2], one of the highest population densities in the world. This population depends on a continual supply of materials, energy and information to function, and these resources are mainly supplied from outside Hong Kong's own geographical boundaries. The ecological footprint (EF) of Hong Kong due to its direct and indirect consumption of renewable resources and waste generation is presented. Additionally, the paper traces the spatial patterns of Hong Kong's EF and examines the implications of this ecosystem appropriation. The study finds an EF for Hong Kong of about 6 ha per capita, with the largest appropriation occurring for marine ecosystems. If the impacts of fish farming are included, Hong Kong appropriates a marine area nearly 2000 times its own built-up city area. Current resource consumption and waste generation patterns in Guangdong, China--where much of Hong Kong's terrestrial ecosystem appropriation occurs--are also discussed.
KW  - Sustainable Development          Q01
KW  - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes          R11
KW  - Economic Development: Agriculture; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Other Primary Products          O13
KW  - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Land          Q24
KW  - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Water          Q25
KW  - Renewable Resources and Conservation: Fishery; Aquaculture          Q22
L3  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09218009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=0596682&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/09218009
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kyriakidis, Phaedon C.
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
T1  - A geostatistical approach for mapping thematic classification accuracy and evaluating the impact of inaccurate spatial data on ecological model predictions.
JO  - Environmental & Ecological Statistics
JF  - Environmental & Ecological Statistics
Y1  - 2001/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 330
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 13528505
AB  - Spatial information in the form of geographical information system coverages and remotely sensed imagery is increasingly used in ecological modeling. Examples include maps of land cover type from which ecologically relevant properties, such as biomass or leaf area index, are derived. Spatial information, however, is not error-free: acquisition and processing errors, as well as the complexity of the physical processes involved, make remotely sensed data imperfect measurements of ecological attributes. It is therefore important to first assess the accuracy of the spatial information being used and then evaluate the impact of such inaccurate information on ecological model predictions. In this paper, the role of geostatistics for mapping thematic classification accuracy through integration of abundant image-derived (soft) and sparse higher accuracy (hard) class labels is presented. Such assessment leads to local indices of map quality, which can be used for guiding additional ground surveys. Stochastic simulation is proposed for generating multiple alternative realizations (maps) of the spatial distribution of the higher accuracy class labels over the study area. All simulated realizations are consistent with the available pieces of information (hard and soft labels) up to their validated level of accuracy. The simulated alternative class label representations can be used for assessing joint spatial accuracy, i.e., classification accuracy regarding entire spatial features read from the thematic map. Such realizations can also serve as input parameters to spatially explicit ecological models; the resulting distribution of ecological responses provides a model of uncertainty regarding the ecological model prediction. A case study illustrates the generation of alternative land cover maps for a Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) subscene, and the subsequent construction of local map quality indices. Simulated land cover maps are then input into a biogeochemical model for assessing uncertainty regarding net primary production (NPP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental & Ecological Statistics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Geology
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Natural history
KW  - Geological statistics
KW  - biogeochemical cycles
KW  - classification uncertainty
KW  - geographic information systems
KW  - indi-cator kriging
KW  - land cover map quality
KW  - net primary production
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - stochastic simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 16866765; Kyriakidis, Phaedon C. 1; Email Address: pckyriakidis@lbl.gov; Dungan, Jennifer L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Dec2001, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p311; Thesaurus Term: Geology; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Thesaurus Term: Natural history; Subject Term: Geological statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeochemical cycles; Author-Supplied Keyword: classification uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: geographic information systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: indi-cator kriging; Author-Supplied Keyword: land cover map quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: net primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic simulation; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - Gen
ID  - 9999-21620-000
AN  - 9999-21620-000
AU  - Vora, Jeenal
AU  - Nair, Santosh
AU  - Gramopadhye, Anand K.
AU  - Duchowski, Andrew T.
AU  - Melloy, Brian J.
AU  - Kanki, Barbara
T1  - Subjective Evaluation of Virtual Environments Questionnaire
JF  - PsycTESTS
JO  - PsycTESTS
Y1  - 2002///
AD  - Gramopadhye, Anand K., Clemson University, College of Engineering and Science, Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson, South Carolina, United States, 29634-0920
AV  - Commercial: No; Permissions: May use for Research/Teaching; Fee: No. Test Items: Yes
N1  - Accession Number: 9999-21620-000. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Vora, Jeenal; Clemson University, College of Engineering and Science, Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson, South Carolina, United States. Release Date: 20130610. Correction Date: 20151109. Instrument Type: Inventory/Questionnaire. Test Location: Table 3, Page 568. Test Format: The 10 items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale.. Language: English. Constructs: Attitudes toward Virtual Environments; Attitudes toward Virtual Reality; Classification: Human Factors and Environmental Engineering (6300). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340). 
N2  - Administration Method: Paper
AB  - Purpose: The purpose of the Subjective Evaluation of Virtual Environments Questionnaire is to assess perceptions of a virtual reality or computer simulation experience.
AB  - Description: The Subjective Evaluation of Virtual Environments Questionnaire (Vora et al., 2002) was developed in the context of a study that examined the use of virtual reality technology for aircraft visual inspection training. This 10-item measure assesses personal experiences with a virtual environment and was used in this study to compare perceptions of virtual reality (VR) and automated system of self instruction for specialized training (ASSIST) prototypes. Responses are provided on a Likert scale. No information on the psychometric properties of this measure is available in the development article. (PsycTESTS Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
KW  - Subjective Evaluation of Virtual Environments Questionnaire
KW  - Test Development
KW  - Visual Inspection
U5  - Subjective Evaluation of Virtual Environments Questionnaire [Test Development]Using virtual reality technology for aircraft visual inspection training: Presence and comparison studies. (AN: 2002-11438-003 from PsycINFO) Vora, Jeenal; Nair, Santosh; Gramopadhye, Anand K.; Duchowski, Andrew T.; Melloy, Brian J.; Kanki, Barbara; Nov, 2002. Source: Applied Ergonomics. 33(6), Elsevier Science, Netherlands; Nov, 2002; Administration: Paper Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older), Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs), Thirties (30-39 yrs); Population: Human; Male; Female; Age Range: 20 to 30 Years; Location: United States; Sample: Graduate and Undergraduate University Students Keywords: Subjective Evaluation of Virtual Environments Questionnaire; Test Development; Visual Inspection; Subjects: Questionnaires; Test Construction; Virtual Reality; Visual Search;
DO  - 10.1037/t21620-000
L3  - Full; Full text; 999921620_full_001.pdf
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UR  - agramop@clemson.edu
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pst
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Jeffrey
AU  - Hwang, Zimmy
T1  - UNREAL TOURNAMENT FOR IMMERSIVE INTERACTIVE THEATER.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2002/01//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 42
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - CaveUT is a set of modifications to the game, Unreal Tournament, that allows it to display in panoramic theaters. The result is a useful tool for educational applications and virtual reality (VR) research. The modifications are open source and freely available to the public. CaveUT provides multiple views; left, right, up, and down; from one point in the virtual environment. It is also capable of off-axis projection, which supports correct display when used in very small one-person theaters, which researchers refer to as caves. An important branch of engineering for VR applications centers on building an enclosure where imagery is projected onto the walls. An early example of this is a planetarium, which creates the illusion of a night sky or an IMAX theater that displays a specially made movie on the inside of a half-sphere-shaped screen. Members of the audience experience some degree of immersion, the feeling of being there in the world depicted by the movie, because the screen covers such a wide angle of view. Producing the visual effects by computer has some distinct advantages. With the right software, scenes could be generated rapidly and with no special equipment. Most importantly, computer-generated imagery could respond to input from a performer or the audience itself. At this point it is more like an interactive game.
KW  - INTERACTIVE multimedia
KW  - COMPUTER games
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - INTERACTIVE videos
KW  - CAVE theaters
N1  - Accession Number: 11934579; Jacobson, Jeffrey 1; Email Address: jacobson@sis.pitt.edu; Hwang, Zimmy 2; Email Address: z.y.hwang@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Information Science and Telecommunications at the Univesity of Pittsburgh.; 2: Medical Virtual Reality Staff Member at MASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, VA.; Issue Info: Jan2002, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p39; Thesaurus Term: INTERACTIVE multimedia; Subject Term: COMPUTER games; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: INTERACTIVE videos; Subject Term: CAVE theaters; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filman, Robert E.
AU  - Barrett, Stuart
AU  - Lee, Diana D.
AU  - Linden, Ted
T1  - INSERTING ILITIES BY CONTROLLING COMMUNICATIONS.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2002/01//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 116
EP  - 122
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - For many applications, most code is not devoted to implementing the desired input-output behavior but to providing system-wide properties like reliability, availability, responsiveness, performance, security and manageability. This article describes a system that enables a more complete separation of ility implementations from functional components, allowing ilities to be developed, maintained, and modified with minimal impact on functional implementations. For example, many replication algorithms require logging and distributed update on every object modification. Similarly, performance, security and manageability enhancements demand systematic and widespread code changes, complicating a clean design. While object-oriented design and programming has provided effective ways to modularize functional requirements into separately maintainable components, it has been less successful in enabling programmers to modularize code devoted to ilities. Object orientation does not provide programming structures that allow ilities and functionality to evolve independently over the software life cycle. This article defines an approach that supplements standard object-oriented methods with a general mechanism for injecting ility implementations into the communications between functional components. Algorithms that support ilities are separated from functional components.
KW  - OBJECT-oriented programming (Computer science)
KW  - OBJECT-oriented methods (Computer science)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMMUNICATIONS software
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - APPLICATION & Data Systems Inc.
N1  - Accession Number: 11934597; Filman, Robert E. 1; Email Address: rfilman@arc.nasa.gov; Barrett, Stuart 2; Email Address: stuwork@biofoot.com; Lee, Diana D. 3; Email Address: ddlee@arc.nasa.gov; Linden, Ted 4; Email Address: linden@computer.org; Affiliations: 1: Senior Scientist at the Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at NASA Ames Research Center, in Moffett Field, California.; 2: Computer Scientist at Calebtech in Austin, Texas.; 3: Computer Scientist for Science Applications International Corporation at NASA Armes Research Center.; 4: Independent Consultant in Palo Alto, CA.; Issue Info: Jan2002, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p116; Thesaurus Term: OBJECT-oriented programming (Computer science); Thesaurus Term: OBJECT-oriented methods (Computer science); Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Thesaurus Term: COMMUNICATIONS software; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER science ; Company/Entity: APPLICATION & Data Systems Inc.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/502269.502274
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Nelson, Michael L
AU  - Allen, B Danette
T1  - Object persistence and availability in digital libraries
JO  - D-Lib Magazine
JF  - D-Lib Magazine
Y1  - 2002/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SN  - 10829873
AB  - Investigates the object persistence and availability of 1,000 digital library (DL) objects, based on examination of 50 randomly-chosen objects from each of 20 Web-accessible DLs in a range of scientific disciplines. Scripts were run to check the availability of each object three times a week for just over one year for a total of 161 data samples. Results show that 31 objects (3% of the total) appeared to be no longer available during the time period: 24 from PubMed Central, five from IDEAS, one from CogPrints, and one from ETD.
KW  - DIGITAL libraries
KW  - DATA structures (Computer science)
KW  - ARCHIVES
KW  - PRESERVATION of materials
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3701260; Nelson, Michael L 1; Email Address: m.l.nelson@nasa.gov; Allen, B Danette 2; Email Address: b.d.allen@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; 2 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681;  Source Info: January 2002, Vol. 8 Issue 1; Note: Article URL: http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january02/nelson/01nelson.html; Note: Update Code: 3703; Subject Term: DIGITAL libraries; Subject Term: DATA structures (Computer science); Subject Term: ARCHIVES; Subject Term: PRESERVATION of materials; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, J.L.
AU  - Banin, A.
AU  - Mancinelli, R.L.
AU  - Klovstad, M.R.
T1  - <atl>Detection of soluble and fixed <f>NH4+</f> in clay minerals by DTA and IR reflectance spectroscopy: a potential tool for planetary surface exploration
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2002/01//
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Nitrogen is an essential element for life. It is the only element among the six major biogenic elements, C, N, S, O, P, H, whose presence in the Martian soil has not been positively and directly established. We describe here a study assessing the ability to detect <f>NH4+</f> in soils using two methods: differential thermal analysis (DTA) and infrared (IR) reflectance spectroscopy. Four standard clay minerals (kaolinite, montmorillonite, illite and attapulgite) and an altered tephra sample from Mauna Kea were treated with <f>NH4+</f> in this study, then leached in order to remove the non-chemically bound ammonium species. Aliquots of these <f>NH4+</f>-treated and then leached samples were analyzed by DTA and IR reflectance spectroscopy to quantify the detectability of soluble and sorbed/fixed <f>NH4+</f>. An exotherm at 270–<f>280°C</f> was clearly detected in the DTA curves of <f>NH4+</f>-treated (non-leached) samples. This feature is assigned to the thermal decomposition reaction of <f>NH4+</f>. Spectral bands observed at 1.56, 2.05, 2.12, 3.06, 3.25, 3.55, 4.2, 5.7 and <f>7.0 μm</f> in the reflectance spectra of <f>NH4+</f>-treated and leached samples are assigned to the sorbed/fixed ammonium in the clays. The montmorillonite spectra have shown the most intense absorption features due to fixed ammonium among the leached samples in this study, as a result of its high cation sorption capacity. It is concluded that the presence of fixed <f>NH4+</f> in clays may be detected by IR reflectance or emission spectroscopy. Distinction between soluble and fixed <f>NH4+</f> may be achieved through the presence or absence of several spectral features assigned to the fixed <f>NH4+</f> moiety and, specifically, by use of the <f>4.2 μm</f> feature assigned to solution <f>NH4+</f>. Thermal analyses furnish supporting evidence of ammonium in the clays/soil through detection of N released at temperatures of 270–<f>330°C</f>. Based on the results of this study, it is estimated that IR spectra measured from a rover should be able to detect ammonium if present above a few mg <f>NH4+</f> per g sample in the surface layers. Orbital IR spectra and thermal evolved-gas analyses measured on a rover may be able to detect ammonium in soils as well, but only if present at higher abundances. The spectral features at 3.06 and <f>7.0 μm</f> due to bound <f>NH4+</f> in clays and altered volcanic tephra appear to be the most promising for detection by orbital spectrometers. If N species are present in a solid phase on the Mars surface, sedimentary deposits may be the best regions to look for them. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Ammonium ions
N1  - Accession Number: 7752418; Bishop, J.L. 1; Email Address: jbishop@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Banin, A. 1,2; Mancinelli, R.L. 1; Klovstad, M.R. 1; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; 2: Department of Soil and Water Sciences, The Hebrew University, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot 76100, Israel; Issue Info: Jan2002, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p11; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Ammonium ions; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - PREPARING FRO HIKING AND ROCK CLIMBING AT HIGHER ALTITUDES.
AU  - Greenleaf, John E.
JO  - ACSM Fit Society Page
JF  - ACSM Fit Society Page
Y1  - 2002///Spring
SP  - 4
EP  - 4
CY  - ; 
N1  - Accession Number: SPHS-1032563; Author: Greenleaf, John E.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Research Physiologist, Laboratory for Human Environmental Physiology, NASA, Ames Research Center; No. of Pages: 1; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP960043; General Notes: Feature.; Publication Type: Article; URL; Material Type: ELECTRONIC; Update Code: 20070701; SIRC Article No.: S-1032563
N2  - This article briefly discusses how to prepare oneself for hiking and rock climbing at higher altitudes: psychological preparation, physiological preparation, dehydration, and survival preparation.
KW  - *HIKING
KW  - *ROCK climbing
KW  - *ALTITUDES
KW  - *PSYCHOLOGY
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - *DEHYDRATION (Physiology)
KW  - *WILDERNESS survival
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UR  - http://www.acsm.org
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Das, Sajal K.
AU  - Harvey, Daniel J.
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
T1  - MinEX: a latency-tolerant dynamic partitioner for grid computing applications
JO  - Future Generation Computer Systems
JF  - Future Generation Computer Systems
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 477
SN  - 0167739X
AB  - The Information Power Grid (IPG) being developed by NASA is designed to harness the power of geographically distributed computers, databases, and human expertise, in order to solve large-scale realistic computational problems. This type of a metacomputing infrastructure is necessary to present a unified virtual machine to application developers that hides the intricacies of a highly heterogeneous environment and yet maintains adequate security. In this paper, we present a novel latency-tolerant partitioning scheme, called MinEX, that dynamically balances processor workloads while minimizing data movement and runtime communication, for applications that are executed in a parallel distributed fashion on the IPG. The number of IPG nodes, the number of processors per node, and the interconnect speeds are parameterized in a simulation experiment to derive conditions under which the IPG would be suitable for solving such applications. Experimental results demonstrate that MinEX is an effective load balancer for the IPG when the nodes are connected by a high-speed asynchronous interconnection network. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Future Generation Computer Systems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER storage devices
KW  - Adaptive computations
KW  - Dynamic load balancing
KW  - Information Power Grid
KW  - Latency tolerance
KW  - Partitioning
N1  - Accession Number: 7759514; Das, Sajal K. 1; Email Address: das@cse.uta.edu; Harvey, Daniel J. 2; Email Address: harveyd@sou.edu; Biswas, Rupak 3; Email Address: rbiswas@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, GPO Box 13886, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; 2: Department of Computer Science, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, OR 97520, USA; 3: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27A-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Mar2002, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p477; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER storage devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive computations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic load balancing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information Power Grid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Latency tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partitioning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Al-Theneyan, Ahmed
AU  - Jakatdar, Amol
AU  - Mehrotra, Piyush
AU  - Zubair, Mohammad
T1  - XML-based visual specification of multidisciplinary applications
JO  - Future Generation Computer Systems
JF  - Future Generation Computer Systems
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 539
SN  - 0167739X
AB  - Advancements in the Internet and Web technologies have fueled a growing interest in developing a web-based distributed computing environment. We have designed and developed Arcade, a web-based environment for designing, executing, monitoring, and controlling distributed heterogeneous applications, which is easy to use and access, portable, and provides support through all phases of the application development and execution. A major focus of the environment is the specification of heterogeneous, multidisciplinary applications. In this paper we focus on the visual- and script-based specification interface of Arcade. The web/browser-based visual interface is designed to be intuitive and can also be used for visual monitoring during execution. The script specification is based on XML to (a) make it portable across different frameworks, and (b) make the development of our tools easier by using the existing freely available XML parsers and editors. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the visual- and script-based interfaces allowing users to go back and forth between the two. To support this we have developed translators that transform a script-based specification to a visual-based specification, and vice versa. These translators are integrated with our tools and are transparent to users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Future Generation Computer Systems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTED computing
KW  - INTERNET
KW  - Arcade
KW  - Internet
KW  - XML-based visual specification
N1  - Accession Number: 7759518; Al-Theneyan, Ahmed 1,2; Email Address: theneyan@cs.odu.edu; Jakatdar, Amol 1,2; Email Address: ajakatda@cs.odu.edu; Mehrotra, Piyush 3; Email Address: pmehrotra@arc.nasa.gov; Zubair, Mohammad 1,2; Email Address: zubair@cs.odu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Computer Science Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; 2: ICASE, MS 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: NAS Division, M/S T27A-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Mar2002, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p539; Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTED computing; Thesaurus Term: INTERNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arcade; Author-Supplied Keyword: Internet; Author-Supplied Keyword: XML-based visual specification; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McFarlane, Daniel C.
AU  - Latorella, Kara A.
T1  - The Scope and Importance of Human Interruption in Human-Computer Interaction Design.
JO  - Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 61
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 07370024
AB  - At first glance it seems absurd that busy people doing important jobs should want their computers to interrupt them. Interruptions are disruptive and people need to concentrate to make good decisions. However, successful job performance also frequently depends on people's abilities to (a) constantly monitor their dynamically changing information environments, (b) collaborate and communicate with other people in the system, and (c) supervise background autonomous services. These critical abilities can require people to simultaneously query a large set of information sources, continuously monitor for important events, and respond to and communicate with other human operators. Automated monitoring and alerting systems minimize the need to constantly monitor, but they induce alerts that may interrupt other activities. Such interrupting technologies are already widespread and include concurrent multitasking; mixed-initiative interaction; support for delegation and supervisory control of automation, including intelligent agents; and other distributed, background services and technologies that increase human-human communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - COMPUTER systems
N1  - Accession Number: 7386022; McFarlane, Daniel C. 1; Latorella, Kara A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories; 2: NASA Langley Research Center; Issue Info: Mar2002, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 61p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 23502
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Kraus, Joe
AU  - Banholzer, Pete
T1  - Science and technology resources on the Internet: astronomical resources on the Internet
JO  - Issues in Science & Technology Librarianship
JF  - Issues in Science & Technology Librarianship
Y1  - 2002///Spring
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SN  - 10921206
AB  - While astronomy and astronomical information can be divided into two groups (for professionals and for amateurs), a strong link exists between the amateur and professional community. For a variety of reasons, libraries, their patrons, astronomy students, and amateur astronomers can easily access astronomical information created by and for professional astronomers. Presents a webliography written for librarians who serve a scientific or technical clientele and for any person interested in learning more about astronomy and astronomical information services. Points to some of the best Web resources for astronomical research and information in the following categories: starting points, article and preprint databases, journals and magazines, books, catalogs and data centers, organizations, software, observing programs, telescope making, educational resources, online start charts, terminology, and miscellaneous.
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - WEB sites
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - Bibliographies
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA3702552; Kraus, Joe 1; Email Address: jokraus@du.edu; Banholzer, Pete 2; Email Address: pbanholz@library.gsfc.nana.gov; Affiliations: 1 : University of Denver, CO; 2 : Goddard Space Flight Center;  Source Info: Spring 2002 Issue 34; Note: Article URL: http://www.istl.org/02-spring/internet2.html; Note: Update Code: 3706; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: WEB sites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bibliographies; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bell, Ann Maria
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center
T1  - Locally Interdependent Preferences in a General Equilibrium Environment
JO  - Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
JF  - Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
SP  - 309
EP  - 333
SN  - 01672681
N1  - Accession Number: 0603894; Keywords: Consumer;  Equilibrium;  General Equilibrium;  Preference; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200205
N2  - This paper explores the consequences of interdependent preferences for consumer goods, that is, preferences that evolve in response to the consumption decisions of neighboring agents. The key feature is that the interdependence of preferences coexists and interacts with the price mechanism in a general equilibrium environment. The interaction between the negative feedback operating through the price system and the positive feedback expressed in the bandwagon effect creates distinct geographic patterns of consumption on the micro-level and a characteristic evolution of average preferences and production on the macro-level. In equilibrium, agents' preferences and consumption are completely polarized into stable regions in which every agent consumes the same good exclusively.
KW  - Exchange and Production Economies          D51
KW  - Consumer Economics: Theory          D11
KW  - General Equilibrium and Welfare Economic Analysis of Regional Economies          R13
L3  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01672681
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald M.
T1  - Virtual Manufacturing (Book).
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 180
EP  - 181
SN  - 07376782
AB  - Reviews the book "Virtual Manufacturing," by Prashant Banerjee and Dan Zetu.
KW  - MANUFACTURES
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - BANERJEE, Prashant
KW  - ZETU, Dan
KW  - VIRTUAL Manufacturing (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11937090; Mulenburg, Gerald M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center.; Issue Info: Mar2002, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p180; Thesaurus Term: MANUFACTURES; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: VIRTUAL Manufacturing (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 339990 All other miscellaneous manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339999 All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing; People: BANERJEE, Prashant; People: ZETU, Dan; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
AU  - Deamer, David
T1  - <atl>Artificial cells: prospects for biotechnology
JO  - Trends in Biotechnology
JF  - Trends in Biotechnology
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
SN  - 01677799
AB  - A variety of techniques can now be used to alter the genome of a cell. Although these techniques are very powerful, they have limitations related to cost and efficiency of scale. Artificial cells designed for specific applications combine properties of biological systems such as nanoscale efficiency, self-organization and adaptability at relatively low cost. Individual components needed for such structures have already been developed, and now the main challenge is to integrate them in functional microscopic compartments. It will then become possible to design and construct communities of artificial cells that can perform different tasks related to therapeutic and diagnostic applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Trends in Biotechnology is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biotechnology
KW  - Artificial cells
N1  - Accession Number: 7753265; Pohorille, Andrew 1; Email Address: pohorill@max.arc.nasa.gov; Deamer, David 2; Email Address: deamer@hydrogen.ucsc.edu; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Dept of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Issue Info: Mar2002, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p123; Thesaurus Term: Biotechnology; Subject Term: Artificial cells; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geiger, C.L.
AU  - Ruiz, N.E.
AU  - Clausen, C.A.
AU  - Reinhart, D.R.
AU  - Quinn, J.W.
T1  - Ultrasound pretreatment of elemental iron: kinetic studies of dehalogenation reaction enhancement and surface effects
JO  - Water Research
JF  - Water Research
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1342
SN  - 00431354
AB  - This work presents data showing the kinetic improvement afforded by ultrasound pretreatment and illustrates the physical and chemical changes that take place at the iron surface. First-order rate constants improved as much as 78% with 2 h of ultrasound pretreatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area analysis were used for confirmation of the physical changes that take place after ultrasound was used on iron surfaces exposed to a variety of conditions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine chemical surface characteristics before and after ultrasound use. SEM and surface area analysis showed that ultrasound use clears the iron surface of debris increasing the surface area up to 169%. In addition, exposure to ultrasound alters ratios of surface species, such as adventitious carbon to carbonyl carbon and iron to oxygen, and removed hydroxides thus making the iron more reactive to reductive dehalogenation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Water Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Trichloroethylene
KW  - Groundwater remediation
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy
KW  - Iron
KW  - Ultrasound
N1  - Accession Number: 7750073; Geiger, C.L. 1; Email Address: cgeiger@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu; Ruiz, N.E. 2; Clausen, C.A. 1; Reinhart, D.R. 2; Quinn, J.W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, FL 32800, USA; Issue Info: Mar2002, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p1342; Thesaurus Term: Trichloroethylene; Thesaurus Term: Groundwater remediation; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: Scanning electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrasound; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Richard L.
AU  - Belz, Mathias
AU  - Castillo, Carlos Del
AU  - Trzaska, Rick
T1  - Determining CDOM absorption spectra in diverse coastal environments using a multiple pathlength, liquid core waveguide system
JO  - Continental Shelf Research
JF  - Continental Shelf Research
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 22
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1301
SN  - 02784343
AB  - We evaluated the accuracy, sensitivity and precision of a multiple pathlength, liquid core waveguide (MPLCW) system for measuring colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) absorption in the UV–visible spectral range (370–700 nm). The MPLCW has four optical paths (2.0, 9.8, 49.3, and 204 cm) coupled to a single Teflon AF sample cell. Water samples were obtained from inland, coastal and ocean waters ranging in salinity from 0 to 36 PSU. Reference solutions for the MPLCW were made having a refractive index of the sample. CDOM absorption coefficients, <f>aCDOM</f>, and the slope of the log-linearized absorption spectra, <f>S</f>, were compared with values obtained using a dual-beam spectrophotometer. Absorption of phenol red secondary standards measured by the MPLCW at 558 nm were highly correlated with spectrophotometer values <f>(r>0.99)</f> and showed a linear response across all four pathlengths. Values of <f>aCDOM</f> measured using the MPLCW were virtually identical to spectrophotometer values over a wide range of concentrations. The dynamic range of <f>aCDOM</f> for MPLCW measurements was 0.002–231.5 m−1. At low CDOM concentrations (<f>a370<0.1</f> m−1) spectrophotometric <f>aCDOM</f> were slightly greater than MPLCW values and showed larger fluctuations at longer wavelengths due to limitations in instrument precision. In contrast, MPLCW spectra followed an exponential to 600 nm for all samples. The maximum deviation in replicate MPLCW spectra was <0.001 absorbance units. The portability, sampling, and optical characteristics of a MPLCW system provide significant enhancements for routine CDOM absorption measurements in a broad range of natural waters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Continental Shelf Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Absorption spectra
KW  - Refractive index
KW  - Spectrophotometry
KW  - Absorbance
KW  - Absorption
KW  - CDOM
KW  - Coastal optics
KW  - Liquid core waveguide
KW  - Spectrophotometers
N1  - Accession Number: 7815691; Miller, Richard L. 1; Belz, Mathias 2; Castillo, Carlos Del 1; Trzaska, Rick 3; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Stennis Space Center, Code MA00 Building 1100, MS 39529, USA; 2: World Precision Instruments Inc., 175 Sarasota Center Blvd., Sarasota, FL 34240, USA; 3: GB Tech, Building 8110, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA; Issue Info: Jun2002, Vol. 22 Issue 9, p1301; Thesaurus Term: Absorption spectra; Subject Term: Refractive index; Subject Term: Spectrophotometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: CDOM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid core waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectrophotometers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ortiz, R. M.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
AU  - Costa, D. P.
AU  - Ortiz, C. L.
T1  - Renal effects of fresh water-induced hypo-osmolality in a marine adapted seal.
JO  - Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic & Environmental Physiology
JF  - Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic & Environmental Physiology
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 172
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 307
SN  - 1432136X
AB  - With few exceptions, marine mammals are not exposed to fresh water; however quantifying the endocrine and renal responses of a marine-adapted mammal to the infusion of fresh water could provide insight on the evolutionary adaptation of kidney function and on the renal capabilities of these mammals. Therefore, renal function and hormonal changes associated with fresh water-induced diuresis were examined in four, fasting northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) (NES) pups. A series of plasma samples and 24-h urine voids were collected prior to (control) and after the infusion of water. Water infusion resulted in an osmotic diuresis associated with an increase in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but not an increase in free water clearance. The increase in excreted urea accounted for 96% of the increase in osmotic excretion. Following infusion of fresh water, plasma osmolality and renin activity decreased, while plasma aldosterone increased. Although primary regulators of aldosterone release (Na+, K+ and angiotensin II) were not significantly altered in the appropriate directions to individually stimulate aldosterone secretion, increased aldosterone may have resulted from multiple, non-significant changes acting in concert. Aldosterone release may also be hypersensitive to slight reductions in plasma Na+, which may be an adaptive mechanism in a species not known to drink seawater. Excreted aldosterone and urea were correlated suggesting aldosterone may regulate urea excretion during hypo-osmotic conditions in NES pups. Urea excretion appears to be a significant mechanism by which NES pups sustain electrolyte resorption during conditions that can negatively affect ionic homeostasis such as prolonged fasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic & Environmental Physiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Marine mammals
KW  - Aquatic mammals
KW  - Fresh water
KW  - Endocrine glands
KW  - Urinalysis
KW  - Aspartic proteinases
KW  - Aldosterone
KW  - Kidney
KW  - Osmoregulation
KW  - Vasopressin
N1  - Accession Number: 16130402; Ortiz, R. M. 1; Email Address: rortiz@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Wade, C. E. 2; Costa, D. P. 1; Ortiz, C. L. 1; Affiliations: 1: A316 Earth and Marine Sciences, Department of Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.; 2: Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Division of Life Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.; Issue Info: Jun2002, Vol. 172 Issue 4, p297; Thesaurus Term: Marine mammals; Thesaurus Term: Aquatic mammals; Thesaurus Term: Fresh water; Subject Term: Endocrine glands; Subject Term: Urinalysis; Subject Term: Aspartic proteinases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aldosterone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kidney; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osmoregulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vasopressin; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00360-002-0254-3
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ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Raulin, François
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Special issue on Exobiology: the search for extraterrestrial life and prebiotic chemistry
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 50
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 655
SN  - 00320633
N1  - Accession Number: 7883325; Raulin, François 1; Email Address: raulin@lisa.univ-paris12.fr; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Email Address: cmckay@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, LISA, UMR CNRS 7583, Universités Paris 12 & Paris 7, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F 94010 Créteil, Cedex, France; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jun2002, Vol. 50 Issue 7/8, p655; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, Randall L.
T1  - Fe-catalyzed single-walled carbon nanotube synthesis within a flame environment
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 130
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 37
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Flame synthesis of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) is demonstrated using Fe nanoparticles [introduced by nebulization of an iron (III) nitrate salt solution] within a pyrolysis flame configuration. The roles of the nebulized solution solvent, metal nitrate concentration, pyrolysis flame gas composition, and the surrounding flame gas composition are interpreted as reflecting suitable concentrations of reactants without excessive pyrolysis products or deactivating species. The preferential reactivity of the catalyst particle toward CO and not toward C2H2 is understood as reflecting nanoparticle restructuring, interactions between co-adsorbates and reactant pyrolysis products. Fe is found to exhibit preferential reactivity toward CO for SWNT catalysis with this reactivity being strongly dependent upon catalyst particle size within our flame conditions. H2 appears to moderate the dissociative adsorption through electronic interactions with co-adsorbates, mediated by the catalyst nanoparticle and by maintaining a catalytically clean particle surface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nanotubes
KW  - Nanoparticles
KW  - Flame
N1  - Accession Number: 7838729; Vander Wal, Randall L. 1; Email Address: randy@rvander.grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: The National Center for Microgravity Research (NCMR), c/o The NASA-Glenn Research Center, M.S. 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jul2002, Vol. 130 Issue 1/2, p37; Subject Term: Nanotubes; Subject Term: Nanoparticles; Subject Term: Flame; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, G.S.
AU  - Barron, J.A.
AU  - Ashworth, A.C.
AU  - Askin, R.A.
AU  - Carter, J.A.
AU  - Curren, M.G.
AU  - Dalhuisen, D.H.
AU  - Friedmann, E.I.
AU  - Fyodorov-Davidov, D.G.
AU  - Gilichinsky, D.A.
AU  - Harper, M.A.
AU  - Harwood, D.M.
AU  - Hiemstra, J.F.
AU  - Janecek, T.R
AU  - Licht, K.J.
AU  - Ostroumov, V.E.
AU  - Powell, R.D.
AU  - Rivkina, E.M.
AU  - Rose, S.A.
AU  - Stroeven, A.P.
T1  - The Mount Feather Diamicton of the Sirius Group: an accumulation of indicators of Neogene Antarctic glacial and climatic history
JO  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
JF  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Y1  - 2002/07/05/
VL  - 182
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
SN  - 00310182
AB  - A paucity of data from the Antarctic continent has resulted in conflicting interpretations of Neogene Antarctic glacial history. Much of the debate centres on interpretations of the glacigene Sirius Group strata that crop out as discrete deposits along the length of the Transantarctic Mountains and in particular on its age and the origin of the siliceous microfossils it encloses. Pliocene marine diatoms enclosed within Sirius Group strata are inferred to indicate a dynamic East Antarctic ice sheet that was much reduced, compared with today, in the early–middle Pliocene and then expanded again in the late Pliocene. However, the geomorphology of the Dry Valleys region is interpreted to represent a relatively long-lived (middle Miocene–recent) and stable polar climatic regime similar to that of today. The Mount Feather Diamicton infills a palaeovalley at ca. 2500 m on the NE flank of Mount Feather in the Dry Valleys region and has been included within the Sirius Group. We obtained four shallow cores (COMRAC 8, 9, 10 and 11) from beneath the permafrost boundary in the Mount Feather Diamicton in order to understand its origin and relationship with the surrounding landscape. Detailed studies of these cores (stratigraphy, sedimentology, palaeontology, micromorphology, petrography and fabric) have yielded new data that demonstrate a much more complex climatic and glacial history for the Mount Feather Diamicton than in previous interpretations. The data indicate that the Mount Feather Diamicton was deposited beneath a wet based glacier fed from a larger ice sheet behind the Transantarctic Mountains. It is, however, unlikely that this ice sheet overtopped Mount Feather (2985 m). A near-in situ non-marine diatom assemblage was recovered from 90 cm depth in COMRAC 10 and indicates a maximum depositional age of Late Miocene for the Mount Feather Diamicton. A subsequent glacial episode has distributed a boulder blanket across the surface of the diamicton. Other post-depositional processes include drying, infilling of surface layers with aeolian sediment, and the development of melt-water runnels. We interpret these combined data to indicate the persistence of more temperate climatic and glacial conditions in the vicinity of Mount Feather until at least the Late Miocene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice sheets
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - climate
KW  - coring
KW  - ice sheet
KW  - microfossils
KW  - Sirius Group
N1  - Accession Number: 7821188; Wilson, G.S. 1; Email Address: gary.wilson@stonebow.otago.ac.nz; Barron, J.A. 2; Ashworth, A.C. 3; Askin, R.A. 4; Carter, J.A. 5; Curren, M.G. 6; Dalhuisen, D.H. 7; Friedmann, E.I. 8; Fyodorov-Davidov, D.G. 9; Gilichinsky, D.A. 9; Harper, M.A. 5; Harwood, D.M. 10; Hiemstra, J.F. 11; Janecek, T.R 6; Licht, K.J. 12; Ostroumov, V.E. 9; Powell, R.D. 13; Rivkina, E.M. 9; Rose, S.A. 10; Stroeven, A.P. 14; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PR, UK; 2: United States Geological Survey, MS 915, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; 3: Department of Geosciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; 4: Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; 5: School of Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand; 6: Antarctic Marine Geology Research Facility, Department of Geology, Florida State University, 108 Carraway Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; 7: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands; 8: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Code 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 9: Institute of Soil Science and Cryology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Moscow Region 142292, Russia; 10: Department of Geosciences, University of Nebraska, 214 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; 11: Department of Geography and Topographic Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; 12: Department of Geology, Indiana University, Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 West Michigan Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; 13: Department of Geology and Environment Geosciences, Northern Illinois University, De Kalb, IL 60115, USA; 14: Department of Quaternary Research, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Issue Info: Jul2002, Vol. 182 Issue 1/2, p117; Thesaurus Term: Ice sheets; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: coring; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice sheet; Author-Supplied Keyword: microfossils; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sirius Group; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raich, James W.
AU  - Potter, Christopher S.
AU  - Bhagawati, Dwipen
T1  - Interannual variability in global soil respiration, 1980–94.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2002/08//
VL  - 8
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 800
EP  - 812
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Abstract We used a climate-driven regression model to develop spatially resolved estimates of soil-CO2 emissions from the terrestrial land surface for each month from January 1980 to December 1994, to evaluate the effects of interannual variations in climate on global soil-to-atmosphere CO2 fluxes. The mean annual global soil-CO2 flux over this 15-y period was estimated to be 80.4 (range 79.3–81.8) Pg C. Monthly variations in global soil-CO2 emissions followed closely the mean temperature cycle of the Northern Hemisphere. Globally, soil-CO2 emissions reached their minima in February and peaked in July and August. Tropical and subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests contributed more soil-derived CO2 to the atmosphere than did any other vegetation type (∼30% of the total) and exhibited a biannual cycle in their emissions. Soil-CO2 emissions in other biomes exhibited a single annual cycle that paralleled the seasonal temperature cycle. Interannual variability in estimated global soil-CO2 production is substantially less than is variability in net carbon uptake by plants (i.e., net primary productivity). Thus, soils appear to buffer atmospheric CO2 concentrations against far more dramatic seasonal and interannual differences in plant growth. Within seasonally dry biomes (savannas, bushlands and deserts), interannual variability in soil-CO2 emissions correlated significantly with interannual differences in precipitation. At the global scale, however, annual soil-CO2 fluxes correlated with mean annual temperature, with a slope of 3.3 Pg C y-1 per °C. Although the distribution of precipitation influences seasonal and spatial patterns of soil-CO2 emissions, global warming is likely to stimulate CO2 emissions from soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soils & climate
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - climate change
KW  - global carbon cycle
KW  - global warming
KW  - model
KW  - soil carbon dioxide emissions
N1  - Accession Number: 6960156; Raich, James W. 1; Potter, Christopher S. 2; Bhagawati, Dwipen 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Botany, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA;; 2: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;; 3: Department of Civil and Construction Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011 USA; Issue Info: Aug2002, Vol. 8 Issue 8, p800; Thesaurus Term: Soils & climate; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: global carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil carbon dioxide emissions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2002.00511.x
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Chemical Constraints Governing the Origin of Metabolism: The Thermodynamic Landscape of Carbon Group Transformations under Mild Aqueous Conditions.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2002/08//
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 333
EP  - 357
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The thermodynamics of organic chemistry under mildaqueous conditions was examined in order to begin to understand itsinfluence on the structure and operation of metabolism and itsantecedents. Free energies (ΔG) were estimated for four types ofreactions of biochemical importance – carbon-carbon bond cleavage andsynthesis, hydrogen transfer between carbon groups, dehydration ofalcohol groups, and aldo-keto isomerization. The energies werecalculated for mainly aliphatic groups composed of carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen. The energy values showed (1) that generally when carbon-carbon bond cleavage involves groups from different functional groupclasses (i.e., carboxylic acids, carbonyl groups, alcohols, andhydrocarbons), the transfer of the shared electron-pair to the morereduced carbon group is energetically favored over transfer to themore oxidized carbon group, and (2) that the energy of carbon-carbonbond transformation is primarily determined by the functional groupclass of the group that changes oxidation state in the reaction (i.e., the functional group class of the group that donates the sharedelectron-pair during cleavage, or that accepts the incipient sharedelectron-pair during synthesis). In contrast, the energy of hydrogentransfer between carbon groups is determined by the functional groupclass of both the hydrogen-donor group and the hydrogen-acceptorgroup. From these and other observations we concluded that thechemistry involved in the origin of metabolism (and to a lesser degreemodern metabolism) was strongly constrained by (1) the limited redox-based transformation energy of organic substrates that is readilydissipated in a few energetically favorable irreversible reactions;(2) the energy dominance of a few transformation half-reactions thatdetermines whether carbon-carbon bond transformation (cleavage orsynthesis) is energetically favorable (ΔG < –3.5 kcal/mol), reversible(ΔG between ±3.5 kcal/mol), or unfavorable (ΔG > +3.5 kcal/mol);and (3) the dependence of carbon group transformation energy on thefunctional group class (i.e., oxidation state) of participatinggroups that in turn is contingent on prior reactions and precursors inthe synthetic pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - biosynthesis
KW  - free energy
KW  - metabolism
KW  - molecular evolution
KW  - prebiotic synthesis
KW  - sugar chemistry
KW  - thermodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 52535084; Weber, Arthur 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, SETI Institute, 94035-1000; Issue Info: Aug2002, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p333; Author-Supplied Keyword: biosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: free energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: metabolism; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: sugar chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermodynamics; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1020588925703
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Street Jr., Kenneth W.
AU  - Hovanitz, Edward S.
AU  - Chi, Sulan
T1  - Lead Removal from Synthetic Leachate Matrices by a Novel Ion-Exchange Material.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 52
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 10962247
AB  - Discusses the application of a novel polyacrylate-based ion-exchange material for the removal of Pb ions from water. Establishment of the operating pH range; Suitability of ion-exchanger in removing Pb from aqueous solutions; Significant affinity of the material for Pb in the presence of considerable amounts of competing or complexing ions.
KW  - Lead
KW  - Hydrogen-ion concentration
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Ion exchange (Chemistry)
KW  - Exchange reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 12528330; Street Jr., Kenneth W. 1; Hovanitz, Edward S. 2; Chi, Sulan 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio.; 2: Engelhard Corp., Elyria, Ohio.; 3: Eli Lilly & Co., Clinton, Indiana.; Issue Info: Sep2002, Vol. 52 Issue 9, p1; Thesaurus Term: Lead; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen-ion concentration; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Pollutants; Subject Term: Ion exchange (Chemistry); Subject Term: Exchange reactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gu, Y.
AU  - Rothe, E. W.
AU  - Reck, G. P.
AU  - Locke, R. J.
AU  - Anderson, R. C.
AU  - Hicks, Y. R.
AU  - Nguyen, Q.-V.
T1  - ONE-DIMENSIONAL UV-RAMAN IMAGING OF A JET-A-FUELED AIRCRAFT COMBUSTOR IN A HIGH TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE TEST CELL: A FEASIBILITY STUDY.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 174
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 215
SN  - 00102202
AB  - UV-Raman diagnostics are complementary to other laser-based methods. We obtained one-dimensional Raman images from the flow in a high-pressure aircraft combustor. They were acquired from both single and multiple laser shots. Our goal was to see whether excimer-based Raman would work in spite of severe combustor conditions. The Jet-A fuel that was used causes difficulties because it contains polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Some fundamental problems might have prevented successful Raman imaging. These include (1) vaporized PAHs that can absorb much of the UV laser light, thereby weakening the laser beam; (2) PAH fluorescence that increases noise; and (3) fuel droplets that absorb and refract light and produce intense light scattering. The test rig was available for only one day. Nevertheless, the results show that a one-dimensional UV-Raman imaging method can diagnose such a combustor, operating at realistic conditions, even with single shots. We suggest some diagnostic improvements that could increase the precision considerably in future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Combustion chambers
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Raman effect
KW  - Imaging systems
KW  - high-pressure combustion
KW  - nonintrusive optical diagnostics
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 15531241; Gu, Y. 1; Rothe, E. W. 2; Email Address: erothe@che.eng.wayne.edu; Reck, G. P. 2; Locke, R. J. 3; Anderson, R. C. 3; Hicks, Y. R. 3; Nguyen, Q.-V. 3; Affiliations: 1: Venture Lighting, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 2: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Oct2002, Vol. 174 Issue 10, p199; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Combustion chambers; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Subject Term: Raman effect; Subject Term: Imaging systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-pressure combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonintrusive optical diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102200290021506
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, William E.
T1  - Computational and data Grids in large-scale science and engineering
JO  - Future Generation Computer Systems
JF  - Future Generation Computer Systems
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1085
SN  - 0167739X
AB  - As the practice of science moves beyond the single investigator due to the complexity of the problems that now dominate science, large collaborative and multi-institutional teams are needed to address these problems. In order to support this shift in science, the computing and data-handling infrastructure that is essential to most of modern science must also change in order to support this increased complexity. This is the goal of computing and data Grids: software infrastructure that facilitates solving large-scale problems by providing the mechanisms to access, aggregate, and manage the computer network-based infrastructure of science. This infrastructure includes computing systems, data archive systems, scientific instruments, and computer-mediated human collaborations. This paper examines several large-scale science problems, their requirements for computing and data Grid infrastructure, and the current approaches to providing the necessary functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Future Generation Computer Systems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTED computing
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - DOE Science Grid
KW  - Grid applications
KW  - Grids
KW  - Heterogeneous
KW  - NASA’s Information Power Grid (IPG)
KW  - Widely distributed computing
N1  - Accession Number: 7884389; Johnston, William E. 1; Email Address: wej@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Energy Research Scientific Computing Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and NASA Ames Research Center, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 50B-2239, 94720 Berkeley, CA, USA; Issue Info: Oct2002, Vol. 18 Issue 8, p1085; Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTED computing; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Author-Supplied Keyword: DOE Science Grid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grid applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heterogeneous; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA’s Information Power Grid (IPG); Author-Supplied Keyword: Widely distributed computing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodgers, S.D.
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
T1  - Multiply deuterated molecules and constraints on interstellar chemistry
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 50
IS  - 12/13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1125
SN  - 00320633
AB  - We consider the formation of molecules containing two or more deuterium atoms, and show how the abundances of such molecules may be used as interstellar isotopic labelling experiments to elucidate the principal chemical processes occurring in molecular clouds. Although the overall D/H ratios in deuterated isotopomers will depend on the source of the D, we show that in many cases the relative D/H ratios in singly:doubly deuterated isotopomers depends only on the chemical mechanism forming the molecule. We derive analytic expressions for the steady-state fractionation ratios in a number of molecules, including water, formaldehyde, methanol, ammonia, methane, and acetylene, and show how observations of isotopomers of these species may be used to discriminate between a gas-phase or grain-surface origin. We also briefly consider deuteration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic compounds
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Deuterium
KW  - Cosmochemistry
KW  - Molecules
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - Interstellar clouds
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)
N1  - Accession Number: 8619864; Rodgers, S.D.; Email Address: rodgers@dusty.arc.nasa.gov; Charnley, S.B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2002, Vol. 50 Issue 12/13, p1125; Thesaurus Term: Polycyclic aromatic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Subject Term: Deuterium; Subject Term: Cosmochemistry; Subject Term: Molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - Interstellar processes leading to molecular deuterium enrichment and their detection
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 50
IS  - 12/13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1145
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Large deuterium (D) enrichments in meteoritic materials indicate that interstellar organic materials survived incorporation into parent bodies within the forming Solar System. These enrichments are likely due to one or more of four distinct astrochemical processes. These are (i) low-temperature gas phase ion–molecule reactions, (ii) low-temperature gas–grain reactions, (iii) gas phase photodissociation, and (iv) ultraviolet photolysis in D-enriched ice mantles. Each of these processes should be associated with molecular carriers having distinct structural signatures (D placement on the product molecules, correlation with specific chemical functionalities, etc.). These processes are reviewed and specific spectroscopic signatures for the detection of these processes in space are identified and described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Interstellar matter
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Deuterium
KW  - Cosmochemistry
KW  - Deuterium enrichment
KW  - Interstellar chemistry
KW  - Interstellar medium
KW  - Isotopic anomalies
KW  - Organics
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - Ultraviolet photolysis
N1  - Accession Number: 8619866; Sandford, Scott A. 1; Email Address: ssandford@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Oct2002, Vol. 50 Issue 12/13, p1145; Subject Term: Interstellar matter; Subject Term: Meteorites; Subject Term: Deuterium; Subject Term: Cosmochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deuterium enrichment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotopic anomalies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet photolysis; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodgers, S.D.
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
T1  - Deuterium in comets—and AGB stars?
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 50
IS  - 12/13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1215
SN  - 00320633
AB  - We discuss the deuterium chemistry of cometary comae, and show how the fractionation observed in coma molecules relates to the D/H ratios in the nuclear ices. For most molecules, we find that the fractionation is unchanged in the coma. In addition, we calculate the potential effects of degradation of D-rich polymers/organic refractory material on selected gas-phase fractionation ratios. We demonstrate that for molecules known to have an extended coma source, the observed D/H ratios may not necessarily reflect those in the nuclear ice.The recent detection of water vapour in the stellar wind of the carbon-rich red giant <f>IRC+10°216</f> has been attributed to the vaporization of a remnant population of comets surrounding this evolved star. This theory would be confirmed by the detection of deuterated molecules in this object: as deuterium is destroyed in stars, any D-bearing molecules must originate from cometary or planetary objects. We quantitatively assess the possibility of detecting HDO in this source if such comets contain similar D/H ratios to those in our solar system, and show that the <f>111</f>–<f>000</f> transition at <f>894 GHz</f> is the most promising candidate for detection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Comets
KW  - Deuterium
KW  - Stars
KW  - Refractory materials
KW  - <f>IRC+10°216</f>
KW  - Evolved stars
KW  - HDO
N1  - Accession Number: 8619876; Rodgers, S.D.; Email Address: rodgers@dusty.arc.nasa.gov; Charnley, S.B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2002, Vol. 50 Issue 12/13, p1215; Subject Term: Comets; Subject Term: Deuterium; Subject Term: Stars; Subject Term: Refractory materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: <f>IRC+10°216</f>; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolved stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: HDO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, David A.
AU  - Klinck, John M.
T1  - Water properties on the west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf: a model study of effects of surface fluxes and sea ice
JO  - Deep-Sea Research Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography
JF  - Deep-Sea Research Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography
Y1  - 2002/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 4863
SN  - 09670645
AB  - A vertical- and time-dependent numerical mixed-layer and sea-ice model is used to analyze processes responsible for sea-ice and surface mixed-layer water properties on the continental shelf on the west side of the Antarctic Peninsula. Atmospheric observations from Faraday and Palmer stations along with satellite sea-ice observations and shipboard water observations (four hydrographic cruises between January 1993 to February 1994) are used for forcing and verification. The focus of this study is the year 1993 during which the best observations exist. However, a 16-year simulation is completed to analyze interannual variations of ice thickness and mixed-layer depth. This model study shows that surface waters of the west Antarctic Peninsula are heated in the summer by solar radiation and cooled in the winter by sensible heat losses. Diffusive-convection is important for upward heat flux across the pycnocline. Ice melt in the spring is due to solar warming of open water, which then melts ice; the direct melting for ice by solar heating is negligible. The near closure of surface heat and salt budgets over 1 year supports the minor importance, or at least the compensation, of near-surface lateral exchanges. Intrusion of Upper Circumpolar Deep water from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current onto the subpycnocline shelf is a critical element of both salt and heat budgets. A 16-year simulation (1978-1993) reproduces most high and low ice years as observed by satellite microwave measurements, thus supporting the major contribution of thermodynamic (local) processes in creating sea-ice and mixed-layer properties. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Deep-Sea Research Part II, Topical Studies in Oceanography is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Continental shelf
KW  - Sea ice
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 9306560; Smith, David A. 1; Klinck, John M. 2; Email Address: klinck@ccpo.odu.edu; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2: Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Crittenton Hall, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; Issue Info: 2002, Vol. 49 Issue 21, p4863; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Continental shelf; Subject Term: Sea ice; Subject: Antarctica; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, James C.
AU  - Tashjian, Howard
AU  - Lynn, M. S.
T1  - An Algorithm for Deriving the Equations of Mathematical Physics by Symbolic Manipulation.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1968/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 814
EP  - 826
SN  - 00010782
AB  - A method is described whereby a digital computer can be used to derive the equations of mathematical physics in any curvilinear coordinate system requested by the user. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated by using it to derive the Navier-Stokes equations of fluid motion and the continuity equation. To derive these equations by this method, the user need know only the coordinate transformation equations relating the curvilinear coordinates of interest to an orthogonal Cartesian triad. When this program is used and the coordinate transformation equations are supplied as input, the computer will derive the Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation. The equations obtained will be relative to the curvilinear coordinate system specified by the transformation equations used as input. In this paper the emphasis is on theoretical considerations and methodology rather than on programming details. Results are presented for cylindrical polar and spherical polar coordinate systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications of the ACM is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - CURVILINEAR coordinates
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - continuity equation
KW  - curvilinear coordinate systems
KW  - FORMAC
KW  - FORTRAN
KW  - Navier-Stokes equations
KW  - symbolic manipulation
KW  - tensor
KW  - tensor equation
N1  - Accession Number: 5247907; Howard, James C. 1 Tashjian, Howard 1 Lynn, M. S.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Dec1968, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p814; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Subject Term: CURVILINEAR coordinates; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: continuity equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: curvilinear coordinate systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: FORMAC; Author-Supplied Keyword: FORTRAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: symbolic manipulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: tensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: tensor equation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/364175.364194
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - von Braun, Wernher
T1  - Saturn/Apollo as a Transportation System.
JO  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
JF  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Y1  - 1969/09//
VL  - 25
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 78
PB  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
SN  - 00963402
N1  - Accession Number: 21498770; von Braun, Wernher 1; Affiliation:  1: Director, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Alabama; Source Info: Sep1969, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p74; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, David B. D.
AU  - Strawbridge, Phyllis J.
T1  - THE HEART RATE RESPONSE TO A BRIEF AUDITORY AND VISUAL STIMULUS.
JO  - Psychophysiology
JF  - Psychophysiology
Y1  - 1969/11//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 317
EP  - 329
SN  - 00485772
AB  - The adult heart rate (HR) response was studied in 18 male subjects following a series of 10 tones and 10 light flashes. Both stimuli were of moderate intensity (54 db and 8.0 mi) and had rise times of 30 milliseconds. The tone evoked a predominantly acceleratory response and no decrement with repetition. Initially, the light flash evoked a predominantly deceleratory response which changed to one of acceleration as the stimulus was repeated. Analysis of respiration revealed that an increase in rate and amplitude followed both stimuli and that the magnitude of respiratory changes did not diminish with stimulus repetition. Viewed according to Sokolov's criteria for identifying orienting, defensive, and adaptive responses the results support the conclusions that: (1) HR deceleration is a component of the orienting response; and (2) HR acceleration is neither an orienting, defensive, nor adaptive response but is largely secondary to respiratory changes. On the basis of the evidence, a tentative model of the HR response to simple auditory and visual stimuli is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEART beat
KW  - ADULTS
KW  - STIMULUS intensity
KW  - RESPIRATION
KW  - ORIENTING reflex
KW  - Adaptive response. (D. B. D. Smith)
KW  - Defensive response
KW  - Heart rate
KW  - Orienting response
N1  - Accession Number: 11238341; Smith, David B. D. 1 Strawbridge, Phyllis J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Nov1969, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p317; Subject Term: HEART beat; Subject Term: ADULTS; Subject Term: STIMULUS intensity; Subject Term: RESPIRATION; Subject Term: ORIENTING reflex; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive response. (D. B. D. Smith); Author-Supplied Keyword: Defensive response; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heart rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orienting response; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Muriel, Amador
T1  - BRAIN DRAIN IN THE PHILIPPINES: A CASE STUDY.
JO  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
JF  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
Y1  - 1970/09//
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 38
EP  - 39
PB  - Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
SN  - 00963402
N1  - Accession Number: 21569503; Muriel, Amador 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Associate, Institute for Space Studies ( Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration); Source Info: Sep1970, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p38; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Case Study
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conrad, Herbert M.
AU  - Yokoyama, K.
T1  - Epinastic Thresholds in a Simulated Hypogravity Environment.
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1971/06//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 426
EP  - 430
SN  - 00319317
AB  - The morphological changes of several grasses, dicotyledons and thallial plants to decreasing increments of gravity from the normal 1 <em>g</em> to 0 <em>g</em> were determined. The various levels of simulated hypogravity were obtained by regulation of the angles of the rotating clinostats. Reaction to simulated hypogravity is evidenced by leaf, petiole, stem and coleoptile epinasty, root hyponasty in the leafy plants and cereal seedlings and increased lobulation in gametophytes. Threshold response for the gametophyte, marigold, bean and pepper plants was approximately 0.67 × <em>g</em> while that for the wheat, corn and oat seedlings was 0.17 × <em>g</em>. The intensity of the epinastic response was found to be inversely related to the gravitational force. With leafy plants, significant responses to reduced gravity are shown only in the presence of light perhaps influencing their ability to synthesize auxin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRASSES
KW  - PLANT morphology
KW  - MAGNOLIOPSIDA
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - MARIGOLDS
KW  - AUXIN
N1  - Accession Number: 13063354; Conrad, Herbert M. 1 Yokoyama, K. 2; Affiliation:  1: RPC Corporation, El Segundo, California 90245.  2: Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California 94035.; Source Info: 1971, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p426; Subject Term: GRASSES; Subject Term: PLANT morphology; Subject Term: MAGNOLIOPSIDA; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: MARIGOLDS; Subject Term: AUXIN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111940 Hay Farming; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1399-3054.ep13063354
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13063354&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Donchin, Eusnuel
AU  - Gerbrant, Lauren A.
AU  - Leifer, Larry
AU  - Tucker, Ledyard
T1  - Is the Contingent Negative Variation Contingent on a Motor Response.
JO  - Psychophysiology
JF  - Psychophysiology
Y1  - 1972/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 178
EP  - 188
SN  - 00485772
AB  - Ten subjects participated in an experiment in which each was presented with series of paired stimuli separated by 1000 msec. The first stimulus was a click. The second stimulus was either of two visual patterns, concentric circles or a star figure. Figure selection on each trial was determined by a random procedure. There were four experimental conditions: 1) Subjects pressed a switch following the presentation of either figure. 2) Subjects pressed a switch following the presentation of the star only. 3) Subjects guessed prior to the clicks, which figure would appear as $2; no overt motor response was required. 4) Subjects had to add 7 to a cumulative sum following a star, and subtract 7 following the circles; no overt motor response was required. Using data obtained from a vertex to linked ear derivation we conclude that the CNV is not contingent on a motor response to S2. The electrical potentials recorded following S2, and in particular the positivegoing "resolution" of the CNV seemed to vary systematically with the experimental eonditious. An application of Tueker's three-mode factor analysis to this CNV is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SLOW potentials (Electrophysiology)
KW  - FACTOR analysis
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system
KW  - Contingent Negative Variation
KW  - Expectancy
KW  - Factor analysis. (E. Donehln)
KW  - Motor potential
N1  - Accession Number: 11057168; Donchin, Eusnuel 1 Gerbrant, Lauren A. 2 Leifer, Larry 3 Tucker, Ledyard 1; Affiliation:  1: University of  Illinois, Champaign.  2: Stanford Medical School, Palo Alto  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field.; Source Info: Mar1972, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p178; Subject Term: SLOW potentials (Electrophysiology); Subject Term: FACTOR analysis; Subject Term: MUSCULOSKELETAL system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contingent Negative Variation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expectancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Factor analysis. (E. Donehln); Author-Supplied Keyword: Motor potential; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1469-8986.ep11057168
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cline, A. K.
AU  - Willoughby, R.
T1  - Scalar- and Planar- Valued Curve Fitting Using Splines Under Tension.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1974/04//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 218
EP  - 220
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The spline under tension was introduced by Schweikert in an attempt to imitate cubic splines but avoid the spurious critical points they induce. The defining equations are presented here, together with an efficient method for determining the necessary parameters and computing the resultant spline. The standard scalar-valued curve fitting problem is discussed, as well as the fitting of open and closed curves in the plane. The use of these curves and the importance of the tension in the fitting of contour lines are mentioned as application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications of the ACM is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CURVE fitting
KW  - SPLINES
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - MECHANICAL movements
KW  - CONTOURS (Cartography)
KW  - contouring
KW  - curve fitting
KW  - interpolation
KW  - splines
N1  - Accession Number: 5225221; Cline, A. K. 1 Willoughby, R.; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computer Services and Applications, NASA Langley Research Center, Stop 132-C, Hampton, VA 23365.; Source Info: Apr1974, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p218; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CURVE fitting; Subject Term: SPLINES; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: MECHANICAL movements; Subject Term: CONTOURS (Cartography); Author-Supplied Keyword: contouring; Author-Supplied Keyword: curve fitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: interpolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: splines; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/360924.360971
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=5225221&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cline, A. K.
T1  - Algorithm 476 Six Subprograms for Curve Fitting Using Splines Under Tension [E2].
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1974/04//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 223
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article explains six subprograms for curve fitting using splines under tension. The first pair, CURV1 and CURV2, solves the standard interpolation problem: determine a real-valued function that assumes values at abscissas. The second pair, KURV1 and KURV2, solves the more general problem of passing a curve through a sequence of pairs in the plane. The third pair, KURVP1 and KURVP2, solves the same problem, but the solution curve is closed. CURV1 and KURV2 require additional endpoint slope conditions to determine the solution. The user may omit the information in which case values are produced internally based upon the other input information. If three or more points are to be interpolated, these internal slope values are the slopes given by a quadratic polynomial interpolating the first three values for the initial slope and last three values for the terminal slope. If only two points are to be interpolated and no slope information is given, the resulting curve is a straight line. curve is a straight line.
KW  - CURVE fitting -- Software
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - SPLINES
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - curve fitting
KW  - interpolation
KW  - splines contouring
N1  - Accession Number: 17849313; Cline, A. K. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Mail Stop 132-C, NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23365.; Source Info: Apr1974, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p220; Subject Term: CURVE fitting -- Software; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: SPLINES; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: curve fitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: interpolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: splines contouring; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bokhari, Shahid H.
T1  - Dual Processor Scheduling with Dynamic Reassignment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Y1  - 1979/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 341
EP  - 349
SN  - 00985589
AB  - The problem of finding an optimal dynamic assignment of a modular program for a two-processor system is analyzed. Stone's formulation of the static assignment problem is extended to include the cost of dynamically reassigning a module from one processor to the other and the cost of module residence without execution. By relocating modules during the course of program execution, changes in the locality of the program can be taken into account. It is shown that network flow algorithms may he used to find a dynamic assignment that minimizes the sum of module execution costs, module residence costs, intermodule communication costs, and module reassignment costs. Techniques for reducing the size of the problem are described for the case where the costs of residence are negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - MULTIPROCESSORS
KW  - Computer networks
KW  - cutsets
KW  - distributed computers
KW  - dynamic assignment
KW  - load balancing
KW  - maximum flows
KW  - network flow
KW  - partitioning
N1  - Accession Number: 14419852; Bokhari, Shahid H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665; Source Info: Mar79, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p341; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: MULTIPROCESSORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: cutsets; Author-Supplied Keyword: distributed computers; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic assignment; Author-Supplied Keyword: load balancing; Author-Supplied Keyword: maximum flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: network flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: partitioning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sonnenfeld, G.
AU  - Mandel, A. D.
AU  - Merigan, T. C.
T1  - In vitro production and cellular origin of murine type II interferon.
JO  - Immunology
JF  - Immunology
Y1  - 1979/04//
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 883
EP  - 890
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00192805
AB  - Antigen-specific type II interferon was produced in vitro by harvesting supernatants of spleen cell cultures from Swiss-Webster mice sensitized with Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG and challenged with old tuberculin. Treatment of C3H mouse spleen cell cultures with appropriate anti-la, anti-IgG, anti-Thy-1 or anti-Ly-2,3 sera resulted in a significant decrease in production of type II interferon. Removal of nylon wool adherent cells or cells with histamine receptors by column chromatography similarly caused reduced production of type II interferon. Recombination of spleen cell cultures treated with anti-1a and anti-Thy-1 sera or of cells treated with anti-IgG and anti-Thy-1 resulted in restored production of type II interferon. Interferon production was also restored by combination of cells passed through histamine columns with anti-Ia treated cells, or those passed through nylon wool columns with anti-Thy-1 treated cells. Anti-Ly-1 serum treatment had no effect on interferon production. Removal of plastic-adherent cells or cells that had phagocytosed carbonyl iron also decreased interferon production, suggesting that macrophages were also involved in type II interferon production. Recombination of non-adherent spleen cells with anti-1a and anti-Thy-1 sera treated spleen cells, however, did not restore interferon production, suggesting that other cells in addition to macrophages are depleted by the adherence procedure. These findings indicate that type II interferon is produced by suppressor or cytotoxic (Ly-2,3+) T lymphocytes in co-operation with one or two additional cell types: (i) B lymphocytes, and (ii) macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Immunology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTIGENS
KW  - INTERFERONS
KW  - SPLEEN
KW  - CELL culture
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - BCG vaccination
KW  - TUBERCULIN
N1  - Accession Number: 23941779; Sonnenfeld, G. 1 Mandel, A. D. 2 Merigan, T. C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.  2: NA SA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.; Source Info: Apr79, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p883; Subject Term: ANTIGENS; Subject Term: INTERFERONS; Subject Term: SPLEEN; Subject Term: CELL culture; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; Subject Term: BCG vaccination; Subject Term: TUBERCULIN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larsen, Ronald L.
AU  - Agrawala, Ashok K.
T1  - Control of a Heterogeneous Two-Server Exponential Queueing System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Y1  - 1983/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 522
EP  - 526
SN  - 00985589
AB  - A dynamic control policy known as "threshold queueing" is defined for scheduling customers from a Poisson source on a set of two exponential servers with dissimilar service rates. The slower server is invoked in response to instantaneous system loading as measured by the length of the queue of waiting customers. In a threshold queueing policy, a specific queue length is identified as a "threshold," beyond which the slower server is invoked. The slower server remains busy until it completes service on a customer and the queue length is less than its invocation threshold. Markov chain analysis is employed to analyze the performance of the threshold queueing policy and to develop optimality criteria. It is shown that probabilistic control is sub-optimal to minimize the mean number of customers in the system. An approximation to the optimum policy is analyzed which is computationally simple and suffices for most operational applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUEUING theory
KW  - POISSON processes
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - Analytic models
KW  - Markov decision processes
KW  - multiserver queues
KW  - optimal control
KW  - performance evaluation
KW  - queueing theory
KW  - resource management
KW  - threshold queueing
N1  - Accession Number: 14384504; Larsen, Ronald L. 1 Agrawala, Ashok K. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546  2: Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; Source Info: Jul83, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p522; Subject Term: QUEUING theory; Subject Term: POISSON processes; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analytic models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Markov decision processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiserver queues; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: performance evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: queueing theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: resource management; Author-Supplied Keyword: threshold queueing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Von Puttkamer, Jesco
T1  - The Future: Do We Have a Choice? (Cover story)
JO  - Educational Leadership
JF  - Educational Leadership
Y1  - 1983/09//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 8
PB  - Association for Supervision & Curriculum Development
SN  - 00131784
N1  - Accession Number: 22178306; Von Puttkamer, Jesco 1; Affiliation:  1: Program Manager, Advanced Program and Plans Division, Office of Space Flight, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Washington, D.C.; Source Info: Sep1983, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p4; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guinea, Francisco
AU  - Rose, James H.
AU  - Smith, John R.
AU  - Ferrante, John
T1  - Scaling relations in the equation of state, thermal expansion, and melting of metals.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 1984/01//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 55
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A simple and yet quite accurate prediction of volume as a function of pressure for metals and alloys is presented. Thermal expansion coefficients and melting temperatures are predicted by simple, analytic expressions and results compare favorably with experiment for a broad range of metals. All of these predictions are made possible by the discovery of universality in binding energy relations for metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - METALS
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - THERMOPHYSICAL properties
KW  - BINDING energy
N1  - Accession Number: 71379780; Guinea, Francisco 1 Rose, James H. 1 Smith, John R. 1 Ferrante, John 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 1984, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Subject Term: BINDING energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.94549
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chapman, Robert D.
T1  - Astronomy from Space (Book).
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1984/05//May/Jun84
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 289
EP  - 289
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews the book 'Astronomy from Space: Sputnik to Space Telescope,' edited by James Cornell and Paul Gorenstein.
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - ASTRONOMY From Space (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11078952; Chapman, Robert D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: May/Jun84, Vol. 72 Issue 3, p289; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: ASTRONOMY From Space (Book); Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lieske, Jay H.
T1  - Sun and Planetary System (Book).
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1984/05//May/Jun84
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 290
EP  - 290
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews the book 'Sun and Planetary System,' edited by W. Fricke and G. Teleki.
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - SUN & Planetary System (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11078955; Lieske, Jay H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: May/Jun84, Vol. 72 Issue 3, p290; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: SUN & Planetary System (Book); Number of Pages: 1/6p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whitehair, S.
AU  - Asmussen, J.
AU  - Nakanishi, S.
T1  - Demonstration of a new electrothermal thruster concept.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 1984/05/15/
VL  - 44
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1014
EP  - 1016
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The design and test of a microwave electrothermal thruster are described. The device, which employs a coaxial microwave discharge, was tested in nitrogen gas with 200-600 W of 2.45-GHz input power. Experimental measurements of thrust, specific impulse, and energy efficiency are presented for different flow and discharge pressures. Measured energy efficiencies varied between 30%-60% and the performance compared favorably with other electrothermal thrusters operating in nitrogen gas. The experimental performance demonstrated the feasibility of the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FURNACE atomic absorption spectroscopy
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC atomization
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - OXIDE electrodes
N1  - Accession Number: 71380579; Whitehair, S. 1 Asmussen, J. 1 Nakanishi, S. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 1984, Vol. 44 Issue 10, p1014; Subject Term: FURNACE atomic absorption spectroscopy; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC atomization; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: OXIDE electrodes; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.94603
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weinberg, I.
AU  - Mehta, S.
AU  - Swartz, C. K.
T1  - Increased radiation resistance in lithium-counterdoped silicon solar cells.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 1984/06//
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1071
EP  - 1073
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Lithium-counterdoped n+p silicon solar cells are found to exhibit significantly increased radiation resistance to 1-MeV electron irradiation when compared to boron-doped n+p silicon solar cells. In addition to improved radiation resistance, considerable damage recovery by annealing is observed in the counterdoped cells at T≤100 °C. Deep level transient spectroscopy measurements are used to identify the defect whose removal results in the low-temperature anneal. It is suggested that the increased radiation resistance of the counterdoped cells is primarily due to interaction of the lithium with interstitial oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LITHIUM
KW  - SILICON solar cells
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - BORON
KW  - SHORT circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 71380627; Weinberg, I. 1 Mehta, S. 1 Swartz, C. K. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 1984, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p1071; Subject Term: LITHIUM; Subject Term: SILICON solar cells; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: SHORT circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.94647
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71380627&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Siegal, Seth
AU  - Graham, Robert L.
AU  - Rising, Linda
AU  - Miya, Eugene
AU  - Spector, Alfred Z.
AU  - Andrew, Lloyd
AU  - Buckley, Neil
AU  - Cannell, Marshall H.
AU  - Bettinger, Ross
AU  - McKeough, William J.
AU  - Anderson, William L.
AU  - Rogers, Jean B.
AU  - Spicer, Steven W.
AU  - Harbron, Thomas R.
T1  - acm forum.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1984/10//
VL  - 27
IS  - 10
M3  - Letter
SP  - 984
EP  - 988
SN  - 00010782
AB  - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles on previous issues including "The Legal Protection of Computer Software," by Robert L. Graham in the May 1984 issue, "ACM News," August issue, and the article which contains the interview with Andries van Dam in the July 1984 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - COMPUTER software -- Security measures
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - BUSINESS communication
KW  - VAN Dam, Andries
N1  - Accession Number: 17879292; Siegal, Seth Graham, Robert L. 1 Rising, Linda 2 Miya, Eugene 3 Spector, Alfred Z. 4 Andrew, Lloyd Buckley, Neil Cannell, Marshall H. 5 Bettinger, Ross McKeough, William J. Anderson, William L. Rogers, Jean B. 6 Spicer, Steven W. 7 Harbron, Thomas R. 8; Affiliation:  1: Jenner & Block, One IBM Plaza, Chicago, IL  2: Dept. of Computer Technology, Indiana University-Purdue, University of Fort Wayne, IN  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  4: Dept., of Computer Science, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA  5: The MITRE Corporation, Burlington Road, Beford, MA  6: Dept. of Computer Sciences, University of Texas, Austin  7: Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN  8: Chairman, Computer Science, Department Anderson College, Anderson, IL; Source Info: Oct84, Vol. 27 Issue 10, p984; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: COMPUTER software -- Security measures; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION; Subject Term: BUSINESS communication; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); People: VAN Dam, Andries; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryan, M. Leonard
T1  - Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing (Book).
JO  - Professional Geographer
JF  - Professional Geographer
Y1  - 1985/02//
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 105
EP  - 106
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00330124
AB  - Reviews the book "Satellite Microwave Remote Sensing, " edited by T. D. Allan.
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - oceanography
KW  - Seasat
KW  - ALLAN, T. D.
KW  - SATELLITE Microwave Remote Sensing (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 14150435; Bryan, M. Leonard 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Feb85, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p105; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Subject Term: REVIEWS; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: oceanography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasat; Reviews & Products: SATELLITE Microwave Remote Sensing (Book); People: ALLAN, T. D.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1985/05//May/Jun85
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 225
EP  - 228
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Focuses on the U.S. National Science Foundation's Advanced Scientific Computing Initiative, a project aiming to make national supercomputer centers accessible to the entire scientific community.  Inclusion of a network called NSF-net; Development and promulgation of standard transport, gateway and application protocols.
KW  - SCIENCE
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - NATIONAL Science Foundation (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 11183373; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: May/Jun85, Vol. 73 Issue 3, p225; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Science Foundation (U.S.); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kasting, James
T1  - The Case for Mars (Book).
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1985/09//Sep/Oct85
VL  - 73
IS  - 5
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 477
EP  - 478
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews the book 'The Case for Mars,' edited by Penelope J. Boston.
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - CASE for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet & Why We Must, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11197495; Kasting, James 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA AMES Research Center; Source Info: Sep/Oct85, Vol. 73 Issue 5, p477; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: CASE for Mars: The Plan to Settle the Red Planet & Why We Must, The (Book); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wharton Jr., Robert A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Simmons Jr., George M.
AU  - Parker, Bruce C.
T1  - Cryoconite Holes on Glaciers. (Cover story)
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1985/09//
VL  - 35
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 499
EP  - 503
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Cryoconite holes are water filled depressions on the surface of glaciers.  They form when heat is absorbed by wind deposited sediment that has accumulated on a glacier's surface, subsequently melting underlying ice.  They contain microbial communities and may contribute to glacial wastage and biological colonization of ice free areas.
KW  - GLACIERS
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - GLACIOLOGY
KW  - CRYOCONITE
KW  - MICROBIAL cultures
N1  - Accession Number: 8500004768; Wharton Jr., Robert A. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 1 Simmons Jr., George M. 2 Parker, Bruce C. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061; Source Info: Sep85, Vol. 35 Issue 8, p499; Subject Term: GLACIERS; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: GLACIOLOGY; Subject Term: CRYOCONITE; Subject Term: MICROBIAL cultures; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raugh, Michael R.
T1  - MODELING CALIFORNIA EARTHQUAKES AND EARTH STRUCTURES.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1985/11//
VL  - 28
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1130
EP  - 1150
SN  - 00010782
AB  - Seismology has burgeoned into a modern science--force-fed by federal funding to advance technology for detecting underground nuclear explosions and predicting earthquakes, and by industry to improve tools for gas and oil exploration. Computers, seismic instrument systems, telemetry, and data reduction have played key roles in this growth.  INSETS: WHAT IS SEISMOLOGY?;AN EXAMPLE OF A SEISMIC REFRACTION EXPERIMENT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications of the ACM is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - NUCLEAR explosions
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - PROSPECTING
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 17912962; Raugh, Michael R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Mail Stop 230-5, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Nov85, Vol. 28 Issue 11, p1130; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: NUCLEAR explosions; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: PROSPECTING; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/4547.4548
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckhardt, Jr., Dave E.
AU  - Lee, Larry D.
T1  - A Theoretical Basis for the Analysis of Multiversion Software Subject to Coincident Errors.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Y1  - 1985/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1511
EP  - 1517
SN  - 00985589
AB  - Fundamental to the development of redundant software techniques (known as fault-tolerant software) is an understanding of the impact of multiple joint occurrences of errors, referred to here as coincident errors. A theoretical basis for the study of redundant software is developed which 1) provides a probabilistic framework for empirically evaluating the effectiveness of a general multiversion strategy when component versions are subject to coincident errors, and 2) permits an analytical study of the effects of these errors. An intensity function, called the intensity of coincident errors, has a central role in this analysis. This function describes the propensity of programmers to introduce design faults in such a way that software components fail together when executing in the application environment. We give a condition under which a multiversion system is a better strategy than relying on a single version and we study some differences between the coincident errors model developed here and the model that assumes independent failures of component versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT-tolerant computing
KW  - COMPUTER reliability
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - REDUNDANCY (Engineering)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - Coincident errors
KW  - fault-tolerant software
KW  - intensity distribution
KW  - intensity of coincident errors
KW  - multiversion software
KW  - N-version programming
KW  - reliability of redundant software
N1  - Accession Number: 14394087; Eckhardt, Jr., Dave E. Lee, Larry D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665; Source Info: Dec85, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p1511; Subject Term: FAULT-tolerant computing; Subject Term: COMPUTER reliability; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: REDUNDANCY (Engineering); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coincident errors; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault-tolerant software; Author-Supplied Keyword: intensity distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: intensity of coincident errors; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiversion software; Author-Supplied Keyword: N-version programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability of redundant software; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vitousek, Peter M.
AU  - Ehrlich, Paul R.
AU  - Ehrlich, Anne H.
AU  - Matson, Pamela A.
T1  - Human Appropriation of the Products of Photosynthesis. (Cover story)
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1986/06//
VL  - 36
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 368
EP  - 373
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Reports on how Homo sapiens make up only one of perhaps 5-30 million animal species on earth, yet it controls a disproportionate share of the planet's resources.  Presents an examination of net primary production (total food resource on Earth), shows that nearly 40% of potential terrestrial net primary productivity is used directly, co opted, or foregone because of human activities.
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - ANIMALS -- Classification
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - HUMAN beings
N1  - Accession Number: 8600007951; Vitousek, Peter M. 1 Ehrlich, Paul R. 2 Ehrlich, Anne H. 3 Matson, Pamela A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Associate professor of biological sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305  2: Professor of biological sciences and Bing Professor of population studies, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305  3: Senior research associate, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305  4: Research scientist, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Jun86, Vol. 36 Issue 6, p368; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: ANIMALS -- Classification; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: HUMAN beings; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5489
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1986/07//Jul/Aug86
VL  - 74
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
EP  - 346
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Discusses the science of computing.  Demonstration done by British mathematician, Alan Turing, in 1939, that a computational model was capable of universal computation; Method proposed by Turing in 1950 of determining how close a machine might be to acting human; Issues regarding artificial intelligence; Difficulty in eliciting intelligent behaviors from machines; Contributions of several writers, including Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus, Terry Winograd and Fernando Flores, in the understanding of the science of computing.
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
N1  - Accession Number: 11386254; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jul/Aug86, Vol. 74 Issue 4, p344; Subject Term: COMPUTER science; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, P.J.
T1  - Metamagical Themas (Book).
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1986/07//Jul/Aug86
VL  - 74
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 422
EP  - 423
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews the book 'Metamagical Themas,' by Douglas R. Hofstadter.
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - HOFSTADTER, Douglas R.
KW  - METAMAGICAL Themas (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 11386267; Denning, P.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jul/Aug86, Vol. 74 Issue 4, p422; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: METAMAGICAL Themas (Book); People: HOFSTADTER, Douglas R.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clark, Carolyn A.
AU  - Cate, Robert B.
AU  - Trenchard, Michael H.
AU  - Boatright, James A.
AU  - Bizzell, Robert M.
T1  - Mapping and classifying large ecological units.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1986/07//Jul/Aug86
VL  - 36
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 476
EP  - 478
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Focuses on the efforts to map and classify large ecological areas.  Use of advanced very high resolution radiometers (AVHRR).
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - ECOLOGICAL mapping
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 10217850; Clark, Carolyn A. 1 Cate, Robert B. 2 Trenchard, Michael H. 3 Boatright, James A. 4 Bizzell, Robert M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Pysical scientist, NASA's Earth Resources Laboratory, National Space Technology Laboratories HA30, Mississippi  2: Senior research scientist, Technicolor Government Services, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.  3: Programmer-analyst, Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Company, National Space Technology Laboratories, Mississippi  4: Systems engineer, Lockheed, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX  5: Technical manager, Space Station Program Management Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston; Source Info: Jul/Aug86, Vol. 36 Issue 7, p476; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL mapping; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1874
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cowings, Patricia S.
AU  - Suter, Steve
AU  - Toscano, William B.
AU  - Kamiya, Joe
AU  - Naifeh, Karen
T1  - General Autonomic Components of Motion Sickness.
JO  - Psychophysiology
JF  - Psychophysiology
Y1  - 1986/09//
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 542
EP  - 551
SN  - 00485772
AB  - This report refers to a body of investigations directed toward the examination of autonomic nervous system responses to motion sickness. Heart rate, respiration rate, finger pulse volume, and basal skin resistance were measured on 127 men and women before, during, and after exposure to a nauseogenic rotating chair test. Significant changes in all autonomic responses were observed across the tests (p<.05). Significant differences in autonomic responses among groups divided according to motion sickness susceptibility were also observed (p <.05). Results suggest that the examination of autonomic responses as an objective indicator of motion sickness malaise is warranted and may contribute to the overall understanding of the syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychophysiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTONOMIC nervous system
KW  - MOTION sickness
KW  - HEART beat
KW  - RESPIRATION
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 11026112; Cowings, Patricia S. 1,2 Suter, Steve 3 Toscano, William B. 4 Kamiya, Joe 4 Naifeh, Karen 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Ph.D., Ames Research Center, NASA, Mail Stop N239A- 2, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  3: California State College. Bakersfield.  4: University of California, San Francisco.; Source Info: Sep1986, Vol. 23 Issue 5, p542; Subject Term: AUTONOMIC nervous system; Subject Term: MOTION sickness; Subject Term: HEART beat; Subject Term: RESPIRATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1469-8986.ep11026112
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mohier, Robert R. J.
AU  - Bizzell, Robert M.
AU  - Palmer, Wesley F.
AU  - Baker, Thomas C.
T1  - AN AUTOMATIC PROCEDURE FOR ESTIMATING SPRING SMALL GRAINS ACREAGE FROM LANDSAT DATA.
JO  - Professional Geographer
JF  - Professional Geographer
Y1  - 1986/11//
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 375
EP  - 382
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00330124
AB  - The development and testing of a computerized technique for utilizing multitemporal Landsat moltispectral scanner data to estimate spring small grains acreage are described. The Kauth-Thomas green number transformation is applied to the data prior to application of the pixel-level standardized logic. Four years of data from the U.S. and Canada are used in testing. A comparison of the test results to those of the analyst-intensive procedures indicates a potential for increase in neareharvest estimation efficiency with little sacrifice in accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Professional Geographer is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AGRICULTURE -- Statistics
KW  - KNOWLEDGE management
KW  - LANDOWNERS
KW  - LOGIC
KW  - AMERICANS
KW  - CANADA
KW  - area estimation
KW  - Landsat.
KW  - pattern recognition
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 15548585; Mohier, Robert R. J. 1 Bizzell, Robert M. 2 Palmer, Wesley F. 1 Baker, Thomas C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Engineering and Management Services Company, Inc.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Source Info: Nov86, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p375; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE -- Statistics; Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE management; Subject Term: LANDOWNERS; Subject Term: LOGIC; Subject Term: AMERICANS; Subject Term: CANADA; Author-Supplied Keyword: area estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat.; Author-Supplied Keyword: pattern recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - Security of Data in Networks.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1987/01//Jan/Feb87
VL  - 75
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 14
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Explores security issues in data networks.  Kinds of cryptosystem; Development of computer chips containing the RSA algorithm; Advantages of a public-key system; Practical considerations in building secure signature systems that will work in large networks; Relation of networks to key registries; Importance of secure communications for telescience.
KW  - COMPUTER network security
KW  - PUBLIC key cryptography
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 11232331; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jan/Feb87, Vol. 75 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: COMPUTER network security; Subject Term: PUBLIC key cryptography; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sevcik, Kenneth C.
AU  - Johnson, Marjory J.
T1  - Cycle Time Properties Of The FDDI Token Ring Protocol.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Y1  - 1987/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 385
SN  - 00985589
AB  - The FDDI Token Ring Protocol controls communication over fiber optic rings with transmission rates in the range of 100 megabits per second. It is intended to give guaranteed response to time- critical messages by using a "timed token" protocol, in which non-critical messages may he transmitted only if recent movement of the token among stations has been sufficiently fast relative to a "target" token rotation time (TTRT). In this paper, we prove two important properties of the protocol. The first is that the average token cycle time is bounded above by the TTRT, and the second is that the maximum token cycle time is at most twice the TTRT. Each property is treated first under the assumption that all overheads are negligible, and second with certain sources of overhead taken into account explicitly. It is found that the proposed standard protocol can be improved for situations of practical interest by a slight modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER Distributed Data Interface (Computer network standard)
KW  - COMPUTER network protocols
KW  - RING networks (Computer networks) -- Standards
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - FIBER optics
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - FDDI protocol
KW  - performance
KW  - token ring
N1  - Accession Number: 14309285; Sevcik, Kenneth C. 1 Johnson, Marjory J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Computer Systems Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont. M5S 1A4, Canada  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Mar87, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p376; Subject Term: FIBER Distributed Data Interface (Computer network standard); Subject Term: COMPUTER network protocols; Subject Term: RING networks (Computer networks) -- Standards; Subject Term: COMPUTER networks; Subject Term: FIBER optics; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: FDDI protocol; Author-Supplied Keyword: performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: token ring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BANKS, PETER M.
AU  - BLACK, DAVID C.
T1  - The Future of Science in Space.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1987/04/17/
VL  - 236
IS  - 4799
M3  - Article
SP  - 244
EP  - 245
SN  - 00368075
N1  - Accession Number: 87461371; BANKS, PETER M. 1 BLACK, DAVID C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305  2: Chief Scientist, Office of Space Station, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546; Source Info: 4/17/1987, Vol. 236 Issue 4799, p244; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1987/05//May/Jun87
VL  - 75
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 234
EP  - 238
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Describes an updated version of supercomputing multiprocessors.  Algorithm experts and computational scientists' partnership to design algorithms for solving the mathematical problems arising in scientific computing; Functions of a parallel algorithm; Components of a multiprocessor; Trade-off between the number of direct links and the time required for two nodes to exchange data.
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - MULTIPROCESSORS
KW  - SCIENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 11231095; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science at the NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: May/Jun87, Vol. 75 Issue 3, p234; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: MULTIPROCESSORS; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - Computer Models of AIDS Epidemiology.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1987/07//Jul/Aug87
VL  - 75
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 347
EP  - 352
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Discusses the use computers to evaluate the mathematical models of AIDS epidemiology.  Key concepts that have guided the work of research groups in Europe and the U.S.; Steps in the construction of a mathematical model for the spread of sexually transmitted disease; Computing power consumed by the models; Production of tools based on modern computer technology that will be useful in analyzing other epidemics.
KW  - AIDS (Disease)
KW  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 11232776; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jul/Aug87, Vol. 75 Issue 4, p347; Subject Term: AIDS (Disease); Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Card, David N.
AU  - McGarry, Frank E.
AU  - Page, Gerald T.
T1  - Evaluating Software Engineering Technologies.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Y1  - 1987/07//
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 845
EP  - 851
SN  - 00985589
AB  - Many new software development practices, tools, and techniques have been introduced in recent years. Few, however, have been empirically evaluated. The objectives of this study were to measure technology use in a production environment, develop a statistical model for evaluating the effectiveness of technologies, and evaluate the effects of some specific technologies on productivity and reliability. A carefully matched sample of 22 projects from the Software Engineering Laboratory database was studied using an analysis-of-covariance procedure. Limited use of the technologies considered in the analysis produced approximately a 30 percent increase in software reliability. These technologies did not demonstrate any direct effect on development productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - SOFTWARE productivity
KW  - SOFTWARE measurement
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - Modern programming practices
KW  - productivity
KW  - reliability
KW  - software engineering
KW  - Software Engineering Laboratory
KW  - software measurement
KW  - technology evaluation
N1  - Accession Number: 14419829; Card, David N. 1 McGarry, Frank E. 2 Page, Gerald T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Computer Sciences Corporation, System Sciences Division, Silver Spring, MD  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt; Source Info: Jul87, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p845; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: SOFTWARE productivity; Subject Term: SOFTWARE measurement; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: COMPUTER science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modern programming practices; Author-Supplied Keyword: productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: software engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software Engineering Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: software measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: technology evaluation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iversen, James D.
AU  - Greeley, Ronald
AU  - Marshall, John R.
AU  - Pollack, James B.
T1  - Aeolian saltation threshold: the effect of density ratio.
JO  - Sedimentology
JF  - Sedimentology
Y1  - 1987/08//
VL  - 34
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 699
EP  - 706
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00370746
AB  - Saltation threshold data from three wind tunnels and from hydraulic flumes are presented to show that the dimensionless threshold friction speed for small particles is a continuous function of particle-to-fluid-density ratio. In addition, the dimensionless threshold speed is a function of the grain-friction Reynolds number and an interparticle force term. The variation with density ratio seems to be due to the relative energy with which particles impact other particles to initiate saltation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sedimentology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDRAULIC fluids
KW  - WATER power
KW  - FLUMES
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - DENSITY currents
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
N1  - Accession Number: 13873759; Iversen, James D. 1 Greeley, Ronald 2 Marshall, John R. 2 Pollack, James B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A.  2: Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, U.S.A.  3: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.; Source Info: Aug87, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p699; Subject Term: HYDRAULIC fluids; Subject Term: WATER power; Subject Term: FLUMES; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: DENSITY currents; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221111 Hydroelectric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nedell, Susan S.
AU  - Andersen, David W.
AU  - Squyres, Steven W.
AU  - Love, F. Gordon
T1  - Sedimentation in ice-covered Lake Hoare, Antarctica.
JO  - Sedimentology
JF  - Sedimentology
Y1  - 1987/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1093
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00370746
AB  - The sedimentation mechanisms that occur in ice-covered Lake Hoare, Antarctica are examined, to determine how sediment enters the lake, and how the sedimentation pattern affects blue-green algal growth at the lake bottom. The 3 m-thick ice over contains pebby sand as much as 2 m below the surface. Sediment with similar texture and mineralogy is found at the lake bottom. This evidence, together with the lack of sediment in the inflowing stream and the markedly different texture of sediment from the other terrains around the lake suggest that most of the sediment at the lake bottom comes in through the ice cover. Sand grains intermittently migrate through porous ice on the surface, water-filled vertical gas-channels penetrating two-thirds of the ice cover, and possibly through cracks in the ice that act as conduits. The algae at the lake bottom are able to survive in part because sediment that comes through the ice cover does not obliterate them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sedimentology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAKES
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA -- Ecology
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 10492116; Nedell, Susan S. 1 Andersen, David W. 1 Squyres, Steven W. 2 Love, F. Gordon 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology , San Jose State University, San Jose, U.S.A.  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, U.S.A.  3: Department of Geology, Virginia Ploytechnic Institute and State University, U.S.A.; Source Info: Dec87, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1093; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA -- Ecology; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nichols, Peter D.
AU  - Volkman, Johan K.
AU  - Palmisano, Anna C.
AU  - Smith, Glen A.
AU  - White, David C.
T1  - OCCURRENCE OF AN ISOPRENOID C[sub25] DIUNSATURATED ALKENE AND HIGH NEUTRAL LIPID CONTENT IN ANTARCTIC SEA-ICE DIATOM COMMUNITIES.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 1988/03//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 96
SN  - 00223646
AB  - The lipid and hydrocarbon composition of natural populations of diatom communities collected during the austral spring bloom of 1985 in the sea-ice at McMurdo Sound. Antarctica was analyzed by TLC-FID. GE and GC-MS. Sea-ice diatom communities were dominated by Amphiprora sp., Nitzschia stellata Manguin and Berkeleya sp. at Cape Armitage: N. stellata, Amphiprora, Pleurosigma, N. kerguelensis (O'Meara) Hasle and some small centric diatoms adjacent to the Erebus Ice Tongue; and Porosira pseudodenticulata (Hustedt) Jouse at Wohlschlag Bay. Lipid distributions of the seaice diatom communities from the Cape Armitage and Erebus sites were charncterized by high concentrations of triacylalyceral (triacylgyeerol/polar lipid = 1.0 to 1.5). The hydrocarbon n-C[SUB21] common in temperate diatoms. and an isoprenoid C[SUB2], diunsaturated alkene were the dominant hydrocarbons detected at these two sites. Hydroge. nation of the C[SUB2], diene produced the known alkane 2. 6. 10. 14-tetramethyl- 7-(3- methylpentfl)-pentadecane. The C[SIN2], diene is one of several structurally related hydrocarbons reported in many estuarine, coastal and oceanic sediments. We propose that certain species of diatoms are a likely source of these alkenes in sediments. The first reported biological occurrence of the C[SUB2], diene in the green seaweed Enteromorpha proliferaera may been due to the presence of eptphytic microalgae in the fieid sample analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ISOPENTENOIDS
KW  - ALKENES
KW  - LIPIDS
KW  - DIATOMS
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - 14tetramethyl-7-(3-methylpentyl)-pentadecane
KW  - 2.6. 10
KW  - Antarctic sea-ice diatoms
KW  - diene
KW  - GC-MS
KW  - hydrocarbons
KW  - isoprenoid C[SUB2]
KW  - lipids
KW  - triacylglycerols
N1  - Accession Number: 10987202; Nichols, Peter D. 1 Volkman, Johan K. 1 Palmisano, Anna C. 2 Smith, Glen A. 3 White, David C. 3; Affiliation:  1: CSIRO Division of Oceanography, Marine laboratories, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.  2: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.  3: Institute for Applied Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 10515 Research Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37932-2567.; Source Info: Mar1988, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p90; Subject Term: ISOPENTENOIDS; Subject Term: ALKENES; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Subject Term: DIATOMS; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: 14tetramethyl-7-(3-methylpentyl)-pentadecane; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2.6. 10; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic sea-ice diatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: diene; Author-Supplied Keyword: GC-MS; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: isoprenoid C[SUB2]; Author-Supplied Keyword: lipids; Author-Supplied Keyword: triacylglycerols; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1529-8817.ep10987202
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1988/05//May/Jun88
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 236
EP  - 238
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Offers information on how computer viruses work.  Major types of programs that attack other programs in a computer's memory; Incidents in which information stored in computers has been attacked by hostile programs; Principle by which a virus works; Vulnerability of most computers to virus attacks because they have no memory protection hardware.
KW  - COMPUTER viruses
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER crimes
N1  - Accession Number: 11973527; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: May/Jun88, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p236; Subject Term: COMPUTER viruses; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTER crimes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reddy, C. Jagadeswara
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar D.
T1  - CHARACTERISTICS OF BROADSIDE COUPLED CYLINDRICAL STRIPLINES.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 1988/06//
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 136
SN  - 08952477
AB  - This letter presents a method for calculating the even and odd mode impedances of broadside coupled cylindrical striplines using the conformal mapping technique.  Closed form expressions are presented for calculating the even and odd mode characteristic impedances.  The data for even and odd mode impedances are presented.  The analysis can also be extended to warped broadside coupled striplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRIP transmission lines
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - MAPPINGS (Mathematics)
KW  - CONFORMAL mapping
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - Microstrip and stripline
KW  - microwave circuits and networks
N1  - Accession Number: 13435829; Reddy, C. Jagadeswara 1 Deshpande, Manohar D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Society for Applied Microwave Electronics Engineering and Research (SAMEER) IIT Campus, Powai, Bombay 400 176, India  2: NASA--Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665; Source Info: Jun88, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p133; Subject Term: STRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: MAPPINGS (Mathematics); Subject Term: CONFORMAL mapping; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstrip and stripline; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave circuits and networks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Greenleaf, John E.
T1  - Dissecting scientists.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1988/09//Sep/Oct88
VL  - 76
IS  - 5
M3  - Letter
SP  - 429
EP  - 429
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "Memoirs of a Dissident Scientist," by Hannes Alfven published in the May-June 1988 issue of the journal "American Scientist".
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - SCIENTISTS
N1  - Accession Number: 11887924; Greenleaf, John E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Sep/Oct88, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p429; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Number of Pages: 1/5p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denning, Peter J.
T1  - The Science of Computing.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 1989/01//Jan/Feb89
VL  - 77
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 16
EP  - 18
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Focuses on the massive parallelism in the future of science.  Design of computers through data parallelism; Fundamental algorithms that apprea in scientific computing libraries; Application of processing power among pixels; Payoffs from hybrid architectures; Implementation of a multifunction algorithms.
KW  - SCIENCE
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 11973654; Denning, Peter J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jan/Feb89, Vol. 77 Issue 1, p16; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Claspy, P. C.
AU  - Bhasin, K. B.
T1  - MICROWAVE RESPONSE OF A HEMT PHOTOCONDUCTIVE DETECTOR.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 1989/01//
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
SN  - 08952477
AB  - Interdigitated photoconductive detectors with 5-µm geometry have been fabricated on HEMT material and their optical response characteristics at 820 nm have been examined at DC and in the frequency range of 2-8 GHz. These have been compared with characteristics of similar 1-µm devices on MESFET material The shapes of the frequency responses were found to differ, but the useful bandwidth of both types of devices was found to be similar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Electrical engineering)
KW  - MODULATION-doped field-effect transistors
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - gain-bandwidth product
KW  - HEMT structure
KW  - microwave/optical circuit integration
KW  - Photoconductive detector
N1  - Accession Number: 13948826; Claspy, P. C. 1 Bhasin, K. B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan89, Vol. 2 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PHOTOCONDUCTIVITY; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: FREQUENCY response (Electrical engineering); Subject Term: MODULATION-doped field-effect transistors; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: gain-bandwidth product; Author-Supplied Keyword: HEMT structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave/optical circuit integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoconductive detector; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stan-Lotter, Helga
AU  - Hochstein, Lawrence I.
T1  - A comparison of an ATPase from the archaebacterium <em>Halobacterium saccharovorumM</em> with the F1 moiety from the <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATP synthase.
JO  - European Journal of Biochemistry
JF  - European Journal of Biochemistry
Y1  - 1989/01/15/
VL  - 179
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 160
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00142956
AB  - A purified ATPase associated with membranes from Halobacterium saccharovorurn was compared with the F1 moiety from the Escherichia coli ATP synthase. The halobacterial enzyme was composed of two major (I and II) and two minor subunits (III and IV), whose molecular masses were 87 kDa, 60 kDa, 29 kDa and 20 kDa, respectively. The isoelectric points of these subunits ranged from 4.1 to 4.8, which in the case of the subunits I and II was consistent with the presence of an excess of acidic amino acids (20-22 mol/100 mol). Peptide mapping of subunits I and II denatured with sodium dodecyl sulfate showed no relationship between the primary structures of the individual halobacterial subunits or similarities to the subunits of the F1 ATPase from E. coli. Trypsin inactivation of the halobacterial ATPase was accompanied by the partial degradation of the major subunits. This observation, taken in conjunction with molecular masses of the subunits and the native enzyme, was consistent with the previously proposed stoichiometry of 2:2:1:1. These results suggest that H. saccharovorum, and possibly, halobacteria in general, possess an ATPase which is unlike the ubiquitous F0F1 ATP synthase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Journal of Biochemistry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADENOSINE triphosphatase
KW  - PHOSPHATASES
KW  - HALOBACTERIUM
KW  - GRAM-negative bacteria
KW  - HALOPHILIC microorganisms
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
N1  - Accession Number: 13747379; Stan-Lotter, Helga 1 Hochstein, Lawrence I. 1; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Biology Branch, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: 1/15/89, Vol. 179 Issue 1, p155; Subject Term: ADENOSINE triphosphatase; Subject Term: PHOSPHATASES; Subject Term: HALOBACTERIUM; Subject Term: GRAM-negative bacteria; Subject Term: HALOPHILIC microorganisms; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, G. A.
AU  - Pallwal, K.
AU  - Pathre, U.
AU  - Green, T. H.
AU  - Mitchell, R. J.
AU  - Gjerstad, D. H.
T1  - Empirical models of the conductance of leaves in apple orchards.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 1989/04//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 308
SN  - 01407791
AB  - Seasonal data on leaf conductance (gl for three different apple cultivars grown in four separate orchards with different aged trees was studied between 1979 and 1985. A number of empirical models for predicting leaf conductance from environmental measurements were compared using this data and a general method for adapting such models for the prediction of different data sets is proposed. Although stepwise multiple regression identified relative humidity or vapour pressure as important variables, it frequently did not identify the optimal set of independent variables, which often did not include either of these. There was no advantage in regressing gl against principal components of the environment, rather than against the raw environmental variables. A simple model involving air vapour pressure deficit, air temperature and a hyperbolic function of irradiance was found to explain between 32 and 62% of the variance in gl for the different data sets. Parameters fitted for one data set led to the effective prediction of gl in other years or plots. The model fit could generally be improved significantly by including soil moisture deficit among the independent variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAVES
KW  - APPLES
KW  - ORCHARDS
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - <em>Malus &times domestica</em> (Borkh.)
KW  - multiple regression
KW  - principal components
KW  - stomatal conductance.
N1  - Accession Number: 11613911; Carter, G. A. 1 Pallwal, K. 2 Pathre, U. 3 Green, T. H. 4 Mitchell, R. J. 4 Gjerstad, D. H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Science and Technology Laboratory. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi  39529, U.S.A.  2: School of Biological Sciences,  Madurai  Kamasaj University. Madurai  625021, India.  3: Plant Physiology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, India.  4: School of Forestry, Auburn University,  Auburn, Alabama  36849. U.S.A.; Source Info: Apr1989, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p301; Subject Term: LEAVES; Subject Term: APPLES; Subject Term: ORCHARDS; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Malus &times domestica</em> (Borkh.); Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple regression; Author-Supplied Keyword: principal components; Author-Supplied Keyword: stomatal conductance.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413150 Fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1365-3040.ep11613911
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malacinski, George M.
AU  - Neff, Anton W.
AU  - Alberts, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Souza, Kenneth A.
T1  - Developmental biology in outer space.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1989/05//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 314
EP  - 320
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Discusses how developmental biology will help predict whether humans can expect to colonize outer space.  Reasons for studying development in microgravity; Experimental questions and microgravity effects; Adaptation to microgravity; Model systems;Opportunities.
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - DEVELOPMENTAL biology
KW  - HUMAN beings
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
N1  - Accession Number: 8906050446; Malacinski, George M. 1 Neff, Anton W. 2 Alberts, Jeffrey R. 3,4 Souza, Kenneth A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405  2: Associate professor, Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405  3: President of Star Enterprises, Inc., Bloomington  4: Professor, Department of Psychology, Indiana University, Bloomington, 47405  5: Chief, Life Sciences Projects Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: May89, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p314; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: DEVELOPMENTAL biology; Subject Term: HUMAN beings; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 11 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4149
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin, Franklin D.
T1  - THE U.S. SPACE STATION: A Commitment to Technological Advancement.
JO  - USA Today Magazine
JF  - USA Today Magazine
Y1  - 1989/05//
VL  - 117
IS  - 2528
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 34
SN  - 01617389
AB  - Describes the U.S. Space Station which is the ideal facility to develop the technologies, operational tools and procedures necessary to expand human activities into the solar system.  Commitment to technological advances, industrial competitiveness and international cooperation with allies; Placement of an unmanned scientific research platform in polar orbit; Servicing and upgrading of space observatories; Assembly of larger spacecraft.
KW  - SPACE stations
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 11880580; Martin, Franklin D. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: May89, Vol. 117 Issue 2528, p30; Subject Term: SPACE stations; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - An Introduction to Chaotic and Random Time Series Analysis.
JO  - International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology
JF  - International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology
Y1  - 1989///Fall89
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 253
SN  - 08999457
AB  - Chaos refers to the paradoxical evolution of a deterministic system in a way that is disordered--to the point that the time dependence of the physical variables appears stochastic. A need for data analysis procedures to detect, model, and separate chaotic and random processes has arisen from this recently understood paradigm. Many special techniques have been designed for chaotic data; the unification of these with conventional time series analysis is a developing field. This tutorial uses examples to explain the origin of chaotic behavior and the relation of chaos to randomness. Two powerful mathematical results are described: (1) a representation theorem guarantees the existence of a specific time-domain model for chaos and addresses the relation between chaotic, random, and strictly deterministic processes, and (2) a theorem assures that information on the behavior of a physical system in its complete state space can be extracted from time-series data on a single observable. These theorems form the basis of a practical data analysis scheme, as follows; given W observations of a variable Y. i.e., {Yn, n = 1, 2, 3, …, N}, define X= A · Y and maximize, with respect to the parameters of A, a function H(X) that measures degree of chaos. This maximization is carried out by minimizing the dimension covered by the data in the M-dimensional space (Xn, Xn+1, Xn+2, …, Xn+M-1 ). The resulting dimension D either (1) increases continuously with M or (2) levels off and remains constant (= Dmax) beyond a certain point. In case (1) or if Dmax, is quite large X is random; if case (2) holds and Dmax, is small, we have chaos. The inverse of A found in this procedure is an estimate of the filter in the moving average model for Y. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - DIFFERENTIABLE dynamical systems
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
N1  - Accession Number: 14412950; Scargle, Jeffrey D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Theoretical Studies Branch, Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-3, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Fall89, Vol. 1 Issue 2, p243; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIABLE dynamical systems; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palmisano, Anna C.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
AU  - Cronin, Sonja E.
AU  - Marais, David J. Des
T1  - LIPOPHILIC PIGMENTS FROM CYANOBACTERIAL (BLUE-GREEN ALGAL) AND DIATOM MATS IN HEMELIN POOL, SHARK BAY, WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 1989/12//
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 655
EP  - 661
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Lipophilic pigments were examined in microbial mat communities dominated by cyanobacteria in the intertidal zone and by diatoms in the subtidal and sublittoral zones of Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Wastern Australia. These microbial mats have evolutionary significance because of their similarity to lithified stromatolites from the Proterozoic and Early, Paleozoic eras. Fucoxanthin, diatoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, β-carotene, and chlorophylls a and c characterized the diatom mats, whereas cyanobacterial mats contained myxoxauthophyll, zeaxanthin, echinenone, β-carotene, chlorophyll a and, in some case, sheath pigment. The presence of bacteriochlorophyll a within the mats suggests a close association of photosynthetic bacteria with diatoms and cyanobacteria. The high carotenoids: chlorophyll a ratios (0.84-2.44 wt/vt) in the diatom mats suggest that carotenoids served a photoprotective function in this high light environment. By contrast, cyanobacterial sheath pigment may have largely supplanted the photoprotective role of carotenoids in the intertidal mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIGMENTS
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - CAROTENOIDS
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - SHARK Bay (W.A.)
KW  - WESTERN Australia
KW  - carotenoids
KW  - chlorophyll
KW  - cyanobacterial pigments
KW  - diatom pigments
KW  - lipophilic pigments
KW  - stromatolites.
N1  - Accession Number: 11558993; Palmisano, Anna C. 1 Summons, Roger E. 2 Cronin, Sonja E. 1 Marais, David J. Des 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames  Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4  Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Division of Continental Geology, Bureau of  Mineral  Resources, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601,  Australia; Source Info: Dec89, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p655; Subject Term: PIGMENTS; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: CAROTENOIDS; Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: SHARK Bay (W.A.); Subject Term: WESTERN Australia; Author-Supplied Keyword: carotenoids; Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacterial pigments; Author-Supplied Keyword: diatom pigments; Author-Supplied Keyword: lipophilic pigments; Author-Supplied Keyword: stromatolites.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1529-8817.ep11558993
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, G. A.
AU  - Theisen, A. F.
AU  - Mitchell, R. J.
T1  - Chlorophyll fluorescence measured using the Fraunhofer line-depth principle and relationship to photosynthetic rate in the field.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 1990/01//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 83
SN  - 01407791
AB  - A field study was conducted to determine the relationship of solar-excited chlorophyll a fluorescence to net CO2 assimilation rate in attached leaves. The Fraunhofer line-depth principle was used to measure fluorescence at 656.3 nm wavelength while leaves remained exposed to full sunlight and normal atmospheric pressures of CO2 and O2. Fluorescence induction kinetics were observed when leaves were exposed to sunlight after 10 mm in darkness. Subsequently, fluorescence varied inversely with assimilation rate. In the C4 <em>Zea mays</em>, fluorescence decreased from 2.5 to 0.8 mW m-2 nm-1 as CO2, assimilation rate increased from 1 to 8 μmol m-1 s-1 (r² = 0.52). In the C3 <em>Liquidambar styraciflua</em> and <em>Pinus taeda</em>, fluorescence decreased from 6 to 2 mW m-2 nm-1 as assimilation rate increased from 2 to 5 or 0 to 2μmol m-2 s-1 (r²=0.44 and 0.45, respectively). The Fraunhofer line-depth principle enables the simultaneous measurement of solar-excited fluorescence and CO2 assimilation rate in individual leaves, but also at larger scales. Thus, it may contribute significantly to field studies of the relationship of fluorescence to photosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOTANY
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - CORN
KW  - LIQUIDAMBAR
KW  - LOBLOLLY pine
KW  - FRAUNHOFER lines
KW  - <em>Zea mays</em>
KW  - Carbon dioxide assimilation rate
KW  - chlorophyll a fluorcscence photosynthesis
KW  - Chlorophyll fluorescence
KW  - Fraunhofer line
KW  - Fraunhofer line-depth principle
KW  - Liquidambar styraciflua
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Pinus taeda.
N1  - Accession Number: 8115055; Carter, G. A. 1 Theisen, A. F. 2 Mitchell, R. J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Science and Technology Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, U.S.A.  2: Branch of Geophysics, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, U.S.A.  3: School of Forestry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jan1990, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p79; Subject Term: BOTANY; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: CORN; Subject Term: LIQUIDAMBAR; Subject Term: LOBLOLLY pine; Subject Term: FRAUNHOFER lines; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Zea mays</em>; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide assimilation rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll a fluorcscence photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraunhofer line; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraunhofer line-depth principle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquidambar styraciflua; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pinus taeda.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 111150 Corn Farming; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1365-3040.ep8115055
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunter, Geoffrey
AU  - Bailey, David H.
AU  - Damerla, Srinivasarao
AU  - Brainerd, Walt
T1  - view point - The Fate of Fortran-8x.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1990/04//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 396
SN  - 00010782
AB  - Presents the views of several authors about Fortran-8x, a new programming language. Discussion about various aspects of Fortran-8x; View that introduction of Fortran-8x would be contrary to the trend in computer systems; Use of Fortran as the lingua franca of scientific and engineering programming; Report that the vast majority of computing tasks are Turing Machine processes; Information about the prospects offered by Fortran-8x.
KW  - FORTRAN (Computer program language)
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers)
KW  - TURING machines
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
N1  - Accession Number: 17929888; Hunter, Geoffrey 1 Bailey, David H. 2 Damerla, Srinivasarao 3 Brainerd, Walt 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Chemistry Department York University 4700 Keele Street Toronto, Ontario Canada M3J 1P3.  2: NASA Ames Research Center Moffet Field, CA 94035.  3: Department of EECS University of Illinois, Chicago Chicago, IL 60680.  4: Director of Technical Work ANSI X3J3.  5: President, Unicorp Inc. 2002 Quail Run Drive N. E. Albuquerque, NM 87122.; Source Info: Apr90, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p389; Subject Term: FORTRAN (Computer program language); Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers); Subject Term: TURING machines; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511210 Software Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Romanofsky, R. R.
AU  - Martinez, J. C.
AU  - Viergutz, B. J.
AU  - Bhasin, K. B.
T1  - Ka-BAND PROPAGATION CHARACTERISTICS OF MICROSTRIP LINES ON GaAs SUBSTRATES AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 1990/04//
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 119
SN  - 08952477
AB  - Effective permittivity and loss characteristics of gold microstrip lines on GaAs substrates were obtained by characterizing GaAs linear resonators at cryogenic temperatures (300 to 20 K) from 30-40 GHz. A slight decrease in effective permittivity and a significant reduction in loss were observed with lower temperatures.
KW  - STRIP transmission lines
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - RESONATORS
KW  - MICROWAVE measurements
KW  - GaAs substrate
KW  - low temperature microwave measurements
KW  - Microstrip line
KW  - Q-factor
KW  - relative permittivity
KW  - resonators
N1  - Accession Number: 13443916; Romanofsky, R. R. 1 Martinez, J. C. 1 Viergutz, B. J. 1 Bhasin, K. B. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Apr90, Vol. 3 Issue 4, p117; Subject Term: STRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: RESONATORS; Subject Term: MICROWAVE measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: GaAs substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: low temperature microwave measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstrip line; Author-Supplied Keyword: Q-factor; Author-Supplied Keyword: relative permittivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: resonators; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matson, P. A.
AU  - Matson, P.A.
AU  - Vitousek, P. M.
AU  - Vitousek, P.M.
T1  - Ecosystem approach to a global nitrous oxide budget. (Cover story)
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 1990/10//
VL  - 40
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 667
EP  - 672
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Estimates nitrous oxide flux from humid tropical forests. Nitrous oxide; Tropical forests; Gradients of soil fertility; Elevational gradients; Seasonally dry and dry tropical forests and woodlands; Human disturbance; Revised budget for tropical contribution of nitrous oxide.
KW  - RAIN forests
KW  - NITROUS oxide
KW  - SOILS
KW  - TROPICS
N1  - Accession Number: 9011052423; Matson, P. A. 1 Matson, P.A. Vitousek, P. M. 2 Vitousek, P.M.; Affiliation:  1: Research scientist, Earth System Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Professor, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Source Info: Oct90, Vol. 40 Issue 9, p667; Subject Term: RAIN forests; Subject Term: NITROUS oxide; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: TROPICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5217
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckhardt, Dave E.
AU  - Caglayan, Alper K.
AU  - Knight, John C.
AU  - Lee, Larry D.
AU  - McAllister, David F.
AU  - Miaden A. Vouk
AU  - Kelly, John P.J.
T1  - An Experimental Evaluation of Software Redundancy as a Strategy For Improving Reliability.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Y1  - 1991/07//
VL  - 17
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 692
EP  - 702
SN  - 00985589
AB  - The strategy of using multiple versions of independently developed software as a means to tolerate residual software design faults is suggested by the success of hardware redundancy for tolerating hardware failures. Although, as generally accepted, the independence of hardware failures resulting from physical wearout can lead to substantial increases in reliability for redundant hardware structures, a similar conclusion is not immediate for software. The degree to which design faults are manifested as independent failures determines the effectiveness of redundancy as a method for improving software reliability. Interest in multiversion software centers on whether it provides an adequate measure of increased reliability to warrant its use in critical applications. The effectiveness of multiversion software is studied by comparing estimates of the failure probabilities of these systems with the failure probabilities of single versions. The estimates are obtained under a model of dependent failures and compared with estimates obtained when failures are assumed to be independent. The experimental results are based on 20 versions of an aerospace application developed and independently validated by 60 programmers from 4 universities. Descriptions of the application and development process are given, together with an analysis of the 20 versions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT-tolerant computing
KW  - COMPUTER reliability
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - PRODUCT obsolescence
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER programming -- Management
KW  - Fault-tolerant software
KW  - multiversion programming
KW  - N-version programming
KW  - software reliability
N1  - Accession Number: 14317237; Eckhardt, Dave E. 1 Caglayan, Alper K. 2 Knight, John C. 3 Lee, Larry D. 4 McAllister, David F. 5 Miaden A. Vouk 5 Kelly, John P.J. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 478, Hampton, VA 23665  2: Charles River Analytics, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02138  3: Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903  4: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508  5: Department of Computer Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607  6: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; Source Info: Jul91, Vol. 17 Issue 7, p692; Subject Term: FAULT-tolerant computing; Subject Term: COMPUTER reliability; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: PRODUCT obsolescence; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming -- Management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault-tolerant software; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiversion programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: N-version programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: software reliability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 7 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen Michael
T1  - ENVISIONING INFORMATION.
JO  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
JF  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
Y1  - 1992/01//Jan/Feb92
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 91
EP  - 92
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 08884080
AB  - Reviews the book "Envisioning Information," by Edward R. Tufte.
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - TUFTE, Edward R., 1942-
KW  - ENVISIONING Information (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 20458583; Casner, Stephen Michael 1; Affiliation:  1: N.A.S.A. Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jan/Feb92, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p91; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: ENVISIONING Information (Book); People: TUFTE, Edward R., 1942-; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Keith W.
AU  - Morell, Larry J.
AU  - Noonan, Robert E.
AU  - Park, Stephen K.
AU  - Nicol, David M.
AU  - Murrill, Branson W.
AU  - Voas, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Estimating the Probability of Failure When Testing Reveals No Failures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Y1  - 1992/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 43
SN  - 00985589
AB  - In this paper we introduce formulae for estimating the probability of failure when testing reveals no errors. These formulae incorporate random testing results, information about the input distribution, and prior assumptions about the probability of failure of the software. The formulae are not restricted to equally-likely input distributions, and the probability of failure estimate can be adjusted when assumptions about the input distribution change. The formulae are based on a discrete sample space statistical model of software and include Bayesian prior assumptions. Reusable software and software in life-critical applications are particularly appropriate candidates for this type of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - TESTING
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - SYSTEM failures (Engineering)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - Bayesian estimation
KW  - input distributions
KW  - probability of failure
KW  - reusable software
KW  - software reliability
KW  - software testing
N1  - Accession Number: 14329284; Miller, Keith W. 1 Morell, Larry J. 2 Noonan, Robert E. 1 Park, Stephen K. 1 Nicol, David M. 1 Murrill, Branson W. 3 Voas, Jeffrey M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185  2: Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23368  3: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284  4: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665; Source Info: Jan92, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p33; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: SYSTEM failures (Engineering); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: input distributions; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability of failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: reusable software; Author-Supplied Keyword: software reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: software testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meehan, R. T.
AU  - Neale, L. S.
AU  - Kraus, E. T.
AU  - Stuart, C. A.
AU  - Smith, M. L.
AU  - Cintront, N. M.
AU  - Sams, C.F.
T1  - Alteration in human mononuclear leucocytes following space flight.
JO  - Immunology
JF  - Immunology
Y1  - 1992/07//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 491
EP  - 497
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00192805
AB  - Reduced in vitro mitogen-stimulated proliferative responses have routinely been observed from astronauts' mononuclear leucocytes following space flight. This study investigated the effect of space flight on subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 30 shuttle astronauts prior to launch, upon landing and 3 .days after flight. The total number of peripheral blood leucocytes, granulocytes and monocytes were increased after space flight (5·7 ± 0·2 versus 7·0±0·2; 3·1 ±0·1 versus 5·0 ± 0·1; and 0·16 ±0·02 versus 0·25 ± 0·28 × 10³ cells/mm³, respectively) whereas lymphocytes were decreased (2·2±0·1 versus 1·7±0·1× 10³ cells/mm³). Flow cytometry analysis on Ficoll- Hypaque isolated mononuclear cells upon landing revealed significant decreases in T-inducer(CD4+, Leu-8+ 32±2 versus 23±2%) and T-cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD8+, CD11b-; 17±1 versus 12± 1%), and increases in monocytes (CD14+; 13±1 versus 21 ± 1%) compared to pre-flight and post-flight samples whereas B cells (CD19+, T-helper (CD4+, Leu-8-) and T-suppressor (CD8+, CD11b+) populations did not change. Additional phenotypic analysis of these mononuclear leucocytes from to crew members upon landing revealed a reduction in natural killer (NK) cells (CD16+ or CD56+; 9 ± 1 versus 3 ± 1%) and an increase in monocytes that were negative for insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) receptor expression. Flow cytometric analysis indicated these hormone receptor negative monocytes were smaller and less granular than receptor positive monocytes. Therefore, a novel population of monocytes may be released into the peripheral blood during the stress of space flight or upon landing. These findings may explain some of the diverse in vitro immunological and endocrine changes observed in crew members following space flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Immunology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEUCOCYTES
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - IMMUNE response
KW  - MITOGENS
KW  - CELL proliferation
N1  - Accession Number: 14491270; Meehan, R. T. 1 Neale, L. S. 2 Kraus, E. T. 2 Stuart, C. A. 3 Smith, M. L. 1 Cintront, N. M. 4 Sams, C.F. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Medicine, The University of Colorado Health Science Center, Denver, Colorado  2: Krug Life Sciences, Inc  3: Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galverston, Texas, U.S.A.  4: Biomedical Operations and Research Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; Source Info: Jul92, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p491; Subject Term: LEUCOCYTES; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: IMMUNE response; Subject Term: MITOGENS; Subject Term: CELL proliferation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toncich, S. S.
AU  - Bhasin, K. B.
AU  - Chen, T. K.
AU  - Claspy, P. C.
T1  - PERFORMANCE OF A WIDEBAND GaAs LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER AT CRYOGENIC TEMPERATURES.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 1992/07//7/1/92
VL  - 5
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 372
EP  - 374
SN  - 08952477
AB  - The gain, noise figure, and 1-dB compression point of a commercially available GaAs amplifier were measured at cryogenic temperatures. The gain and noise figure characteristics were improved by decreasing temperature, while the 1-dB compression point remained unchanged. Repeated temperature cycling had no adverse effect on amplifier performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALLIUM compounds
KW  - ARSENIC compounds
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - OPTICAL amplifiers
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - MICROWAVE measurements
KW  - cryogenic temperatures
KW  - GaAs low-noise amplifier
KW  - microwave measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 13462070; Toncich, S. S. 1 Bhasin, K. B. 1 Chen, T. K. 2 Claspy, P. C. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio  2: Department of Electrical Engineering and Applied Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: 7/1/92, Vol. 5 Issue 8, p372; Subject Term: GALLIUM compounds; Subject Term: ARSENIC compounds; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: OPTICAL amplifiers; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: MICROWAVE measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: cryogenic temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: GaAs low-noise amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
T1  - HUMAN ERROR (Book).
JO  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
JF  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
Y1  - 1992/09//Sep/Oct92
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 456
EP  - 457
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 08884080
AB  - Reviews the book "Human Error," by James Reason.
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - REASON, James
KW  - HUMAN Error (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 12014188; Casner, Stephen M. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Sep/Oct92, Vol. 6 Issue 5, p456; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: HUMAN Error (Book); People: REASON, James; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Field, Christopher B.
AU  - Chapin III, F. Stuart
AU  - Matson, Pamela A.
AU  - Mooney, Harold A.
T1  - RESPONSES OF TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS TO THE CHANGING ATMOSPHERE: A Resource-Based Approach.
JO  - Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics
JF  - Annual Review of Ecology & Systematics
Y1  - 1992/12//
VL  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 235
PB  - Annual Reviews Inc.
SN  - 00664162
AB  - Focuses on the responses of terrestrial ecosystems to the changing atmosphere. Discussion on environmental forcing factors; Assessment of organism responses to environmental factors; Consideration on the ecosystem processes.
KW  - LAND-water ecotones
KW  - ECOTONES
KW  - GLOBAL environmental change
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ECOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 12408797; Field, Christopher B. 1 Chapin III, F. Stuart 2 Matson, Pamela A. 3 Mooney, Harold A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, California 94305  2: Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California  3: Earth System Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  4: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California; Source Info: 1992, Vol. 23, p201; Subject Term: LAND-water ecotones; Subject Term: ECOTONES; Subject Term: GLOBAL environmental change; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Butler, Ricky W.
AU  - Finelli, George B.
T1  - The Infeasibility of Quantifying the Reliability of Life-Critical Real-Time Software.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Y1  - 1993/01//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 12
SN  - 00985589
AB  - This paper affirms that the quantification of life-critical software reliability is infeasible using statistical methods, whether these methods are applied to standard software or fault-tolerant software. The classical methods of estimating reliability are shown to lead to exorbitant amounts of testing when applied to life-critical software. Reliability growth models are examined and also shown to be incapable of overcoming the need for excessive amounts of testing. The key assumption of software fault tolerance—separately programmed versions fail independently—is shown to be problematic. This assumption cannot be justified by experimentation in the ultrareliability region, and subjective arguments in its favor are not sufficiently strong to justify it as an axiom. Also, the implications of the recent multiversion software experiments support this affirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering is the property of IEEE Computer Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - TESTING
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - Design error
KW  - life-critical
KW  - software fault tolerance
KW  - software reliability
KW  - ultrareliability
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 14306084; Butler, Ricky W. 1 Finelli, George B. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665-5225; Source Info: Jan93, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design error; Author-Supplied Keyword: life-critical; Author-Supplied Keyword: software fault tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: software reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultrareliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; Number of Pages: 0p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Steenberg, Michael E.
T1  - NASA STELAR Equipment.
JO  - Serials Librarian
JF  - Serials Librarian
Y1  - 1994/04/04/
VL  - 24
IS  - 3-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 151
SN  - 0361526X
AB  - The Study of Electronic Literature for Astrophysics Research (STELAR) experiment is exploring what is required to bring the astrophysics literature online. The experiment is being conducted jointly with publishers, authors, copyright holders, libraries, and others involved in the production and dissemination of the astrophysics literature. STELAR is a pilot project designed to Study the technical and practical aspects of making the refereed scientific literature available online. The primary database contains machine-readable abstractions of articles from eight journals of inlerest to astronomers. The current publicly accessible system contains the text of the abstracts, which are being indexed and made available using Wide Area Information Server (WAIS) and World Wide Web (WWW), providing a plain English query capability and simple document  etrieval. The complete system, which includes the ability to retrieve scanned images of the pages of selected articles, is available to test subjects through selected astronomical libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Serials Librarian is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 75421668; Van Steenberg, Michael E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Science Data Manager, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Apr1994, Vol. 24 Issue 3-4, p135; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1300/J123v24n03_17
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
AU  - Giver, Lorraine J.
AU  - White, Melisa R.
AU  - Mancinelli, Rocco L.
T1  - METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF MICROORGANISMS IN EVAPORITES.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 1994/06//
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 431
EP  - 438
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Crystalline salt is generally considered so hostile to most forms of life that it has been used for centuries as a preservative. Here, we present evidence that prokaryotes inhabiting a natural evaporite crust of halite and gypsum are metabolically active while inside the evaporite for at least 10 months. In situ measurements demonstrated that some of these "endoevaporitic" microorganisms (probably the cyanobacterium Synechococcus Na&auuml;geli) fixed carbon and nitrogen. Denitrification was not observed. Our results quantified the slow microbial activity that can occur in salt crystals. Implications of this study include the possibility that microorganisms found in ancient evaporite deposits may have been part of an evaporite community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIA -- Metabolism
KW  - EVAPORITES
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - Aphanothece halophytica
KW  - carbon fixation
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - evaporite
KW  - gypsum
KW  - Mar
KW  - nitrogen photosynthesis
KW  - salt
KW  - Synechococcus
N1  - Accession Number: 10995691; Rothschild, Lynn J. 1 Giver, Lorraine J. 1 White, Melisa R. 1 Mancinelli, Rocco L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 239-12, NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Jun94, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p431; Subject Term: BACTERIA -- Metabolism; Subject Term: EVAPORITES; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aphanothece halophytica; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon fixation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: evaporite; Author-Supplied Keyword: gypsum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mar; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: salt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synechococcus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1529-8817.ep10995691
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heathcote, D. G.
AU  - Brown, A. H.
AU  - Chapman, D. K.
T1  - The phototropic response of Triticum aestivum coleoptiles under conditions of low gravity.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 1995/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 60
SN  - 01407791
AB  - Wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em> L. cv Broom) coleoptiles were stimulated by unilateral blue light pulses, the duration of which varied between 3 S and 30 min, under microgravity conditions on the IML-1 Spacelab mission and in ground controls. The Stimuli covered first positive, indifferent and second positive response regions. When phototropic responses were observed under low-gravity conditions, slightly fewer seedlings responded compared with 1 g conditions. The latent period was similar in flight and 1 g treatment (10-20 min), except for the response to 300 μmol m-2 in the indifferent response region, where a positive response in flight plants followed a 130 min latent period, while no response was observed in 1 g plants. First positive responses at O <em>g</em> were slightly enhanced, both in magnitude and in duration, compared to the 1 <em>g</em> controls, but not to the extent predicted by clinostat studies. The response kinetics in the second positive region at 1 g showed a plateau at 120 min, in contrast to the single maximum at O <em>g</em>. The fluence-response relationship was similar in both flight and ground controls, Only the responses to 4 and 6 μmol m-2showed significantly greater curvatures at 9 <em>g</em>. This contrasts with previous clinostat studies, which reported substantial response enhancement at all fluence levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOTROPISM
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - WHEAT
KW  - PHOTOTROPISM in plants
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - STIMULUS intensity
KW  - PLANT physiology
KW  - coleoptile
KW  - Gravity, low
KW  - microgravity
KW  - phototropism
KW  - Poaceae
KW  - space flight
KW  - Triticum aestivum
KW  - weightlessness
KW  - wheat.
N1  - Accession Number: 8115671; Heathcote, D. G. 1 Brown, A. H. 2 Chapman, D. K. 2; Affiliation:  1: David Heathcote, Martin, Marietta Services, Inc, Ames Research Center, Biological Flight Research Projects, PO Box 138, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  2: University Science Center, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.; Source Info: Jan1995, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: PHOTOTROPISM; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: WHEAT; Subject Term: PHOTOTROPISM in plants; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: STIMULUS intensity; Subject Term: PLANT physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: coleoptile; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity, low; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: phototropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poaceae; Author-Supplied Keyword: space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triticum aestivum; Author-Supplied Keyword: weightlessness; Author-Supplied Keyword: wheat.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1365-3040.ep8115671
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steffen, Kenneth L.
AU  - Wheeler, Raymond M.
AU  - Arora, Rajeev
AU  - Palta, Jiwan P.
AU  - Tibbitts, Theodore W.
T1  - Balancing photosynthetic light-harvesting and light-utilization capacities in potato leaf tissue during acclimation to different growth temperatures.
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1995/05//
VL  - 94
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 56
SN  - 00319317
AB  - We investigated the effect of temperature during growth and development on the relationship between light-harvesting capacity, indicated by chlorophyll concentration, and light-utilization potential, indicated by light- and bicarbonate-saturated photosynthetic oxygen evolution, in Solanum tuberosum L. ev. Norland. Clonal plantlets were transplanted and grown at 20°C for 2 weeks before transfer to 12, 16, 20, 24 and 28°C for 6 weeks. After 4 weeks of the temperature treatments, leaf tissue fresh weights per area were one-third higher in plants grown at 12°C vs those grown at 28°C. Conversely, chlorophyll content per area in tissue grown at 12°C was less than one-half of that of tissue grown at 28°C at 4 weeks. Photosynthetic capacity measured at a common temperature of 20°C and expressed on a chlorophyll basis was inversely proportional to growth temperature. Leaf tissue from plants grown at 12°C for 4 weeks had photosynthetic rates that were 3-fold higher on a chlorophyll basis than comparable tissue from plants grown at 28°C. These results suggest that the relationship between light-harvesting capacity and light-utilization potential varies 3-fold in response to the growth temperatures examined. The role of this response in avoidance of photoinhibition is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - HARVESTING
KW  - ACCLIMATIZATION
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - POTATOES
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - Acclimation
KW  - chlorophyll
KW  - light
KW  - photoinhibition
KW  - photosynthesis
KW  - potato
KW  - respiration
KW  - Solanum tuberosum
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 12726189; Steffen, Kenneth L. 1 Wheeler, Raymond M. 2 Arora, Rajeev 3 Palta, Jiwan P. 4 Tibbitts, Theodore W. 4; Affiliation:  1: K. L. Steffen (corresponding author), Dept of Horticulture, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16801, USA;  2: R. M. Wheeler, Biomedical Operations/Research, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899–00, USA;  3: R. Arora, Div. Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;  4: J. P. Palta and T. W. Tibbitts, Dept of Horticulture, Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.; Source Info: May95, Vol. 94 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: HARVESTING; Subject Term: ACCLIMATIZATION; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: POTATOES; Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acclimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: light; Author-Supplied Keyword: photoinhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: potato; Author-Supplied Keyword: respiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solanum tuberosum; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115113 Crop Harvesting, Primarily by Machine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 413150 Fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111211 Potato Farming; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1034/j.1399-3054.1995.940108.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Allan H.
AU  - Chapman, David K.
AU  - Johnsson, Anders
AU  - Heathcote, David
T1  - Gravitropic responses of the <em>Avena</em> coleoptile in space adn on clinostats. I. Gravitropic response thresholds.
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1995/09//
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 33
SN  - 00319317
AB  - We conducted a series of gravitropic experiments on <em>Avena</em> coleoptiles in the weightlessness environment of Spacelab. The purpose was to test the threshold stimulus, reciprocity rule and autotropic reactions to a range of g-force stimulations of different intensities and durations The tests avoided the potentially complicating effects of earth's gravity and the interference from clinostat ambiguities. Using slow-speed centrifuges, coleoptiles received transversal accelerations in the hypogravity range between 0.1 and 1.0 g over periods that ranged from 2 to 130 min. All responses that occurred in weightlessness were compared to clinostat experiments on earth using the same apparatus. Characteristic gravitropistic response patterns of <em>Avena</em> were not substantially different from those observed in ground-based experiments. Gravitropic presentation times were extrapolated. The threshold at 1.0 g was less than 1 min (shortest stimulation time 2 min), in agreement with values obtained on the ground. The least stimulus tested, 0.1 g for 130 min, produced a significant response. Therefore the absolute threshold for a gravitropic response is less than 0.1 g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OATS
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - STIMULUS intensity
KW  - PLANTS
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - <em>Arena sativa</em>
KW  - gravitropism
KW  - IML- 1
KW  - microgravitv
KW  - oat
KW  - reciprocity
KW  - space.
N1  - Accession Number: 12657064; Brown, Allan H. 1 Chapman, David K. 2 Johnsson, Anders 3 Heathcote, David 4; Affiliation:  1: Unir of Pennsylvania, Dept of Biology. Goddard Laboratories. Philadelphia. PA 19104-6617. USA: I). K. Chapman, Dynamac Corp. DYN-3, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. USA  2: Dynamac Corp Dyn -3 Kennedy Space Center FL 32899 USA.  3: Dept of Physics AVH, Univ of Trondheim. N-7055 Dragvoll, Norway.  4: Martin Marietta, Mail, Code 244-19m Ames Research Center, Moffett Feld, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Sep95, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: OATS; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Subject Term: STIMULUS intensity; Subject Term: PLANTS; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Arena sativa</em>; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: IML- 1; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravitv; Author-Supplied Keyword: oat; Author-Supplied Keyword: reciprocity; Author-Supplied Keyword: space.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111199 All Other Grain Farming; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1399-3054.ep12657064
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12657064&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnsson, Anders
AU  - Brown, Allan H.
AU  - Chapman, David K.
AU  - Heatheote, David
AU  - Karlsson, Christina
T1  - Gravitropic responses of the <em>Avena</em> coleoptile in space and on clinostats. II. Is reciprocity valid?
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1995/09//
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 38
SN  - 00319317
AB  - Experiments were undertaken to determine if the reciprocity rule is valid for gravitropic responses of oat coleoptiles in the acceleration region below 1g. The rule predicts that the gravitropic response should be proportional to the product of the applied acceleration and the stimulation time. Seedlings were cultivated on 1g centrifuges and transferred to test centrifuges to apply a transverse g-stimulation. Since responses occurred in microgravity, the uncertainties about the validity of clinostat simulation of weightlessness was avoided. Plants at two stages of coleoptile development were tested. Plant responses were obtained using time-lapse video recordings that were analyzed after the flight. Stimulus intensities and durations were varied and ranged from 0.1 to 1.0g and from 2 to 130 min, respectively For threshold g-doses the reciprocity rule was obeyed. The threshold dose was of the order of 55 g sand 120 g s. respectively, for two groups of plants investigated. Reciprocity was studied also at bending responses which are from just above the detectable level to about 10 degrees. The validity of the rule could not be confirmed for higher g-doses, chiefly because the data were more variable. It was investigated whether the uniformity of the overall response data increased when the gravitropic dose was defined as (gm × t), with m-values different from unity. This was not the case and the reciprocity concept is, therefore, valid also in the hypogravity region. The concept of gravitropic dose, the product of the transverse acceleration and the stimulation time, is also well-defined in the acceleration region studied. With the same hardware, tests were done on earth where responses occurred on clinostats. The results did not contradict the reciprocity rule but scatter in the data was large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OATS
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - SEEDLINGS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - STIMULUS intensity
KW  - PLANTS
KW  - <em>Avena sativa</em>
KW  - gravitropism
KW  - IML-1
KW  - microgravity
KW  - oat
KW  - reciprocity
KW  - space.
N1  - Accession Number: 12657074; Johnsson, Anders 1 Brown, Allan H. 2 Chapman, David K. 3 Heatheote, David 4 Karlsson, Christina 1; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Physicst AVH, Univ. of Trondheim, N-7055 Dragvoll. Norway.  2: Univ of Pennsylvania. Dept of Biology. Philadelphia, PA 19104-6017, USA  3: Dynamac Corp. DYN-3, Kennedy Space Center. FL 32899, USA  4: Martin Marietta. Mail Code 244-19, Ames Research Center, Moffert Field, CA 94035. USA.; Source Info: Sep95, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p34; Subject Term: OATS; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: SEEDLINGS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: STIMULUS intensity; Subject Term: PLANTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Avena sativa</em>; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: IML-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: oat; Author-Supplied Keyword: reciprocity; Author-Supplied Keyword: space.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111199 All Other Grain Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1399-3054.ep12657074
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12657074&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bindschadler, Robert
AU  - Vornberger, Patricia
AU  - Scambos, Ted
T1  - Surface velocity of ice streams D and E, West Antarctica.
JO  - Antarctic Journal of the United States
JF  - Antarctic Journal of the United States
Y1  - 1995/12/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 99
PB  - Superintendent of Documents
SN  - 00035335
AB  - Provides information on a map of surface velocity for the active ice streams D and E in West Antarctica which was derived using sequential Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery.  Details of the velocity patterns on the two ice streams; Characteristics of the flow of ice stream E; Areas that tend to correlate with the regions of rougher surface topography.
KW  - ICE
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - SURFACES (Geometry)
KW  - POLAR regions
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 17197039; Bindschadler, Robert 1 Vornberger, Patricia 2 Scambos, Ted 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771  2: General Sciences Corporation, Laurel, Maryland 20707  3: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0449; Source Info: 1995, Vol. 30 Issue 5, p98; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: SURFACES (Geometry); Subject Term: POLAR regions; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 1 Map; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 846
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Allan H.
AU  - Johnsson, Anders
AU  - Chapman, David K.
AU  - Heathcote, David
T1  - Gravitropic responses of the <em>Avena</em> coleoptile in space and on clinostats. IV. The clinostat as a substitute for space experiments.
JO  - Physiologia Plantarum
JF  - Physiologia Plantarum
Y1  - 1996/09//
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 214
SN  - 00319317
AB  - Gravitropic responses of dark grown oat coleoptiles were measured in weightlessness and under clinorotation on earth. The tests in microgravity were conducted in Spacelab during the IML-1 mission and those on clinostats were conducted in laboratories on earth. The same apparatus was used for both kinds of tests. In both cases autotropism and gravitropic responsiveness were determined. This allowed a quantitative comparison between the plants' responses after receiving the same tropistic stimulations either in weightlessness of on clinostats. Autotropism was observed without oat coleoptiles responding in weightlessness but it did not occur on clinostats. Gravitropic responsiveness was measured as the ratio between the incremental bending response (degrees curvature) and the corresponding incremental g-dose (stimulus intensity times duration for which it was applied). Plants were tested at either of two stages of coleoptile development (i.e. different coleoptile lengths). From a total of six different kinds of critical comparison that could be made from our tests that provided data for clinorotated vs weightless plants. three showed no significant difference between responses in stimulated vs authentic weightlessness. Three other comparisons showed highly significant differences. Therefore, the validity of clinorotation as a general substitute for space flight was not supported by these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physiologia Plantarum is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - GRAVITATION
KW  - WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - FIELD theory (Physics)
KW  - EARTH (Planet) -- Density
KW  - <em>Avena</em>
KW  - clinostat
KW  - gravitropism
KW  - microgravity
KW  - space.
N1  - Accession Number: 12660586; Brown, Allan H. 1 Johnsson, Anders 2; Email Address: anders@alfa.avli.until.no Chapman, David K. 3 Heathcote, David 4; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Laboratories, Univ of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6017, USA.  2: Dept. of Physics, Norwegian Univ. of Science and Technology, N-7055 Dragvoll, Norway.  3: Bionetics Corp. BIO-3, Kennedy Space, Center, FL 32899, USA.  4: Mailcode 244-19, Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA, 94035, USA.; Source Info: Sep96, Vol. 98 Issue 1, p210; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: EXTREME environments; Subject Term: GRAVITATION; Subject Term: WEIGHTLESSNESS; Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet) -- Density; Author-Supplied Keyword: <em>Avena</em>; Author-Supplied Keyword: clinostat; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: space.; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1399-3054.ep12660586
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12660586&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lachowicz, Jason T.
AU  - Chokani, Ndaona
AU  - Wilkinson, Stephen P.
T1  - Boundary-Layer Stability Measurements in a Hypersonic Quiet Tunnel.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 1996/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2496
EP  - 2500
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Discusses the findings of boundary-layer stability measurements in a hypersonic quiet tunnel.  Determination of the boundary-layer disturbances using point measurements with a single hot wire; Characterization of the laminar-to-transitional state of the boundary layer; Existence of higher harmonics.
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TUNNELS -- Aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - STABILITY of airplanes
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13000980; Lachowicz, Jason T. 1 Chokani, Ndaona 1 Wilkinson, Stephen P. 2; Affiliation:  1: North Carolina State University, Raleigh  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia; Source Info: Dec96, Vol. 34 Issue 12, p2496; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TUNNELS -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: STABILITY of airplanes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abid, Ridha
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Gatski, Thomas B.
AU  - Speziale, Charles G.
T1  - Prediction of Aerodynamic Flows with a New Explicit Algebraic Stress Model.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 1996/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2632
EP  - 2635
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Studies the prediction of aerodynamic flows with an explicit algebraic stress model.  Calculation of separated airfoil flows; Evolution of equilibrium Reynolds stress anisotropies; Computation of the surface pressure and skin-friction coefficients along the airfoil surface.
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - SKIN friction (Aerodynamics)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - FRICTION
N1  - Accession Number: 13001001; Abid, Ridha 1 Morrison, Joseph H. 2 Gatski, Thomas B. 3 Speziale, Charles G. 4; Affiliation:  1: High Technology Corporation, Virginia  2: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Virginia  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia  4: Boston University, Boston; Source Info: Dec96, Vol. 34 Issue 12, p2632; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: SKIN friction (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: FRICTION; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinberg, S. L.
T1  - Mass and energy exchange between the atmosphere and leaf influence gas pressurization in aquatic plants.
JO  - New Phytologist
JF  - New Phytologist
Y1  - 1996/12//
VL  - 134
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 599
SN  - 0028646X
AB  - A mechanistic model was used to describe how mass and energy exchange between a leaf and air affect internal pressurization in aquatic plants. The core of the model is the calculation of the temperature of a leaf for which the energy balance is zero. The leaf temperature and water vapour gradient between leaf and air are then used to calculate potential pressurization. Simulations with the model were used to demonstrate the sensitivity of gas pressurization in aquatic plants to key environmental and physiological factors including radiation, temperature, humidity, wind speed, leaf size and leaf conductance. The model confirms other published data showing that humidity-induced pressurization is the dominant mode of pressurization under most conditions. The simulations also demonstrated that thermal transpiration and humidity-induced pressurization are not separate phenomena, but are dependent on the energy balance of the leaf, which in turn is affected by complex interactions between the leaf and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of New Phytologist is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAVES -- Physiology
KW  - AQUATIC plants
KW  - PLANT anatomy
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - PLANTS
KW  - Aquatic plants
KW  - gas pressurization
KW  - mass and energy exchange.
KW  - modelling
N1  - Accession Number: 12692402; Steinberg, S. L. 1; Email Address: ssteinbe@gp906.jsc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Research Council Senior Research Associate, Mail Code EC3, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston TX, USA 77058; Source Info: Dec96, Vol. 134 Issue 4, p587; Subject Term: LEAVES -- Physiology; Subject Term: AQUATIC plants; Subject Term: PLANT anatomy; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: PLANTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aquatic plants; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas pressurization; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass and energy exchange.; Author-Supplied Keyword: modelling; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garvin, James B.
T1  - Comparative volcanology.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 1997/01/24/
VL  - 275
IS  - 5299
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 496
EP  - 497
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Reviews two books.  'Volcanoes of the Solar System,' by Charles Frankel; 'Volcano Instability on the Earth and Other Planets,' edited by W.J. McGuire, A.P. Jones, and J. Neuberg.
KW  - VOLCANOES of the Solar System (Book)
KW  - VOLCANO Instability on the Earth & Other Planets (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 9702103650; Garvin, James B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 1/24/1997, Vol. 275 Issue 5299, p496; Reviews & Products: VOLCANOES of the Solar System (Book); Reviews & Products: VOLCANO Instability on the Earth & Other Planets (Book); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 1163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bailey, David H.
T1  - Onward to Petaflops Computing.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 1997/06//
VL  - 40
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 92
SN  - 00010782
AB  - On December 16, 1996, a sustained rate of 1 teraflops was achieved by "ASCI Red," a system employing some 7,000 Intel Pentium Pro processors at Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico. Much work remains to achieve Tflops per second rates on a broad range of scientific applications. Following the custom of marking advances in computing by factors of 1,000, the next major milestone is a sustained rate of 1 petaflops. In addition to prodigiously high computational performance, such systems must, out of necessity, feature very large main memories, between 10 Tbytes and 1 Pbyte depending on application, as well as commensurate input/output bandwidth and huge mass storage facilities. The current consensus of scientists who have performed initial studies in this field is that "affordable" petaflops systems which may be feasible by the year 2010, assuming that certain key technologies continue to progress at current rates. Demand for state-of-the-art computing power appears insatiable. There are a number of difficult technical problems that need to be solved in the next few years to achieve the goal of petaflops computers by the year 2010.  INSET: Petaflops Research Questions..
KW  - PETAFLOPS computers
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers)
KW  - HIGH performance computing
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - HIGH performance processors
N1  - Accession Number: 12619947; Bailey, David H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation Program, NASA Ames Research Center.; Source Info: June97, Vol. 40 Issue 6, p90; Subject Term: PETAFLOPS computers; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers); Subject Term: HIGH performance computing; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: HIGH performance processors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/255656.255710
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiao-Chuan Cai
AU  - Gropp, William D.
AU  - Keyes, David E.
AU  - Melvin, Robin G.
AU  - Young, David P.
T1  - PARALLEL NEWTON-KRYLOV-SCHWARZ ALGORITHMS FOR THE TRANSONIC FULL POTENTIAL EQUATION.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 1998/01//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 246
EP  - 265
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - We study parallel two-level overlapping Schwarz algorithms for solving nonlinear finite element problems, in particular, for the full potential equation of aerodynamics discretized in two dimensions with bilinear elements. The overall algorithm, Newton-Krylov-Schwarz (NKS), employs an inexact finite difference Newton method and a Krylov space iterative method, with a two-level overlapping Schwarz method as a preconditioner. We demonstrate that NKS, combined with a density upwinding continuation strategy for problems with weak shocks, is robust and economical for this class of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic nonlinear partial differential equations, with proper specification of several parameters. We study upwinding parameters, inner convergence tolerance, coarse grid density, subdomain overlap, and the level of fill-in in the incomplete factorization, and report their effect on numerical convergence rate, overall execution time, and parallel efficiency on a distributed-memory parallel computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARALLEL algorithms
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - ALGEBRA
KW  - ARITHMETIC -- Foundations
KW  - domain decomposition
KW  - finite elements
KW  - full potential equation
N1  - Accession Number: 13217557; Xiao-Chuan Cai 1; Email Address: cai@cs.colorado.edu Gropp, William D. 2; Email Address: gropp@mcs.anl.gov Keyes, David E. 3; Email Address: keyes@icase.edu Melvin, Robin G. 4; Email Address: rgm4152@cfdd53.cfd.ca.boeing.com Young, David P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder  2: Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL  3: Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton  4: The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA; Source Info: 1998, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p246; Subject Term: PARALLEL algorithms; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: ALGEBRA; Subject Term: ARITHMETIC -- Foundations; Author-Supplied Keyword: domain decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: full potential equation; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reggia, James A.
AU  - Lohn, Jason D.
AU  - Chou, Hui-Hsien
T1  - Self-Replicating Structures: Evolution, Emergence, and Computation.
JO  - Artificial Life
JF  - Artificial Life
Y1  - 1998///Summer98
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
EP  - 302
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10645462
AB  - Since von Neumann's seminal work around 1950, computer scientists and others have studied the algorithms needed to support self-replicating systems. Much of this work has focused on abstract logical machines (automata) embedded in two-dimensional cellular spaces. This research was motivated by the desire to understand the basic information-processing principles underlying self-replication, the potential long-term applications of programmable self-replicating machines, and the possibility of gaining insight into biological replication and the origins of life. We view past research as taking three main directions: early complex universal computer-constructors modeled after Turing machines, qualitatively simpler self-replicating loops, and efforts to view self-replication as an emergent phenomenon. We discuss our recent studies in the latter category showing that self-replicating structures can emerge from nonreplicating components, and that genetic algorithms can be applied to program automatically simple but arbitrary structures to replicate. We also describe recent work in which self-replicating structures are successfully programmed to do useful problem solving as they replicate. We conclude by identifying some implications and important research directions for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Life is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELLULAR automata
KW  - REPLICATION (Experimental design)
KW  - Cellular automata
KW  - GENETIC ALGORITHMS
KW  - Self-replication
N1  - Accession Number: 1580388; Reggia, James A. 1 Lohn, Jason D. 2 Chou, Hui-Hsien 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science & Institute for Advanced Computer Studies A. V. Williams Bldg. University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742  2: Caelum Research Corporation NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1 Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: The Institute for Genomic Research 9712 Medical Center Drive Rockville, MD 20850; Source Info: Summer98, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p283; Subject Term: CELLULAR automata; Subject Term: REPLICATION (Experimental design); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellular automata; Author-Supplied Keyword: GENETIC ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-replication; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 9758
L3  - 10.1162/106454698568594
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Day, Vicki L.
AU  - Bobrow, Daniel G.
AU  - Shirley, Mark
T1  - Network Community Design: A Social-Technical Design Circle.
JO  - Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing
JF  - Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing
Y1  - 1998/08//
VL  - 7
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 337
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09259724
AB  - Network communities are especially interesting and useful settings in which to look closely at the co-evolution of technology and social practice, to begin to understand how to explore the full space of design options and implications. In a network community we have a magnified view of the interactions between social practice and technical mechanisms, since boundaries between designers and users are blurred and co-evolution here is unusually responsive to user experience. This paper is a reflection on how we have worked with social and technical design elements in Pueblo, a school-centered network community supported by a MOO (an Internet-accessible, text-based virtual world). Four examples from Pueblo illustrate different ways of exploring the design space. The examples show how designers can rely on social practice to simplify a technical implementation, how they can design technical mechanisms to work toward a desirable social goal, how similar technical implementations can have different social effects, and how social and technical mechanisms co-evolve. We point to complexities of the design process and emphasize the contributions of mediators in addressing communication breakdowns among a diverse group of designers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Supported Cooperative Work: The Journal of Collaborative Computing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMMUNITIES
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DESIGNERS
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - computer supported cooperative learning
KW  - CSCL
KW  - CSCW design
KW  - learning community
KW  - MOO
KW  - MUD
KW  - network community
KW  - participatory design
KW  - sociotechnical systems
KW  - work practice
N1  - Accession Number: 11357744; O'Day, Vicki L. 1; Email Address: oday@parc.xerox.com Bobrow, Daniel G. 1; Email Address: bobrow@parc.xerox.com Shirley, Mark 2; Email Address: shirley@ptolemy.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304  2: Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-2, Bldg. 269, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Aug1998, Vol. 7 Issue 3/4, p315; Subject Term: COMMUNITIES; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: DESIGNERS; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: computer supported cooperative learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: CSCL; Author-Supplied Keyword: CSCW design; Author-Supplied Keyword: learning community; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOO; Author-Supplied Keyword: MUD; Author-Supplied Keyword: network community; Author-Supplied Keyword: participatory design; Author-Supplied Keyword: sociotechnical systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: work practice; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Neveu, Charles F.
AU  - Stark, Lawrence W.
T1  - The Virtual Lens.
JO  - Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments
JF  - Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments
Y1  - 1998/08//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 370
EP  - 381
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10547460
AB  - We describe a new type of feedback display based upon ocular accommodation, called the virtual lens, that maintains a focused projection of a CRT image on the retina independent of changes in accommodation, and that replaces the optical image-processing action of the crystalline lens with an arbitrary computable image transform. We describe some applications of the virtual lens in visual psychophysics and virtual environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - VIRTUAL machine systems
N1  - Accession Number: 945925; Neveu, Charles F. 1 Stark, Lawrence W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Caelum Research Corporation Intelligent Mechanisms Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Neurology and Telerobotics Lab, University of California, Berkeley; Source Info: Aug98, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p370; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: VIRTUAL machine systems; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4886
L3  - 10.1162/105474698565785
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Budd, C.J.
AU  - Koomullil, G.P.
AU  - Stuart, A.M.
T1  - ON THE SOLUTION OF CONVECTION-DIFFUSION BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS USING EQUIDISTRIBUTED GRIDS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 1998/12/15/
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 591
EP  - 618
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - The effect of using grid adaptation on the numerical solution of model convectiondiffusion equations with a conservation form is studied. The grid adaptation technique studied is based on moving a fixed number of mesh points to equidistribute a generalization of the arc-length of the solution. In particular, a parameter-dependent monitor function is introduced which incorporates fixed meshes, approximate arc-length equidistribution, and equidistribution of the absolute value of the solution, in a single framework. Thus the resulting numerical method is a coupled nonlinear system of equations for the mesh spacings and the nodal values. A class of singularly perturbed problems, including Burgers's equation in the limit of small viscosity, is studied. Singular perturbation and bifurcation techniques are used to analyze the solution of the discretized equations, and numerical results are compared with the results from the analysis. Computation of the bifurcation diagram of the system is performed numerically using a continuation method and the results are used to illustrate the theory. It is shown that equidistribution does not remove spurious solutions present on a fixed mesh and that, furthermore, the spurious solutions can be stable for an appropriate moving mesh method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - COMPLEX variables
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - convection-di usion equations
KW  - equidistribution
KW  - mesh adaptation
N1  - Accession Number: 13217802; Budd, C.J. 1; Email Address: cjb@maths.bath.ac.uk Koomullil, G.P. 2 Stuart, A.M. 3; Email Address: stuart@sccm.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, University of Bath  2: NRC Associate, Fluid Dynamics Division, NASA Ames Research Center  3: Division of Applied Mechanics, Durand, Stanford University; Source Info: 1998, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p591; Subject Term: HEAT equation; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: COMPLEX variables; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: convection-di usion equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: equidistribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: mesh adaptation; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhat, Girish
AU  - Cleaveland, Rance
AU  - Lüttgen, Gerald
T1  - A practical approach to implementing real-time semantics.
JO  - Annals of Software Engineering
JF  - Annals of Software Engineering
Y1  - 1999/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 155
SN  - 10227091
AB  - This paper investigates implementations of process algebras which are suitable for modeling concurrent real-time systems. It suggests an approach  for efficiently implementing real-time semantics using dynamic priorities. For this purpose a process algebra with dynamic priority is defined, whose semantics corresponds one-to-one to traditional real-time semantics. The advantage of the dynamic-priority approach is that it drastically reduces the state-space sizes of the systems in question while preserving all properties of their functional and real-time behavior. The utility of the technique is demonstrated by a case study that deals with the formal modeling and verification of several aspects of the widely-used SCSI-2 bus-protocol. The case study is carried out in the Concurrency Workbench of North Carolina, an automated verification tool in which the process algebra with dynamic priority is implemented. It turns out that the state space of the bus-protocol model is about an order of magnitude smaller than the one resulting from real-time semantics. The accuracy of the model is proved by applying model checking for verifying several mandatory properties of the bus protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of Software Engineering is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - CASE studies
KW  - NORTH Carolina
N1  - Accession Number: 9803754; Bhat, Girish 1 Cleaveland, Rance 2 Lüttgen, Gerald 3; Email Address: luettgen@icase.edu; Affiliation:  1: MakeLabs, A Division of Make Systems, Inc., 4000 Regency Parkway, Suite 150, Cary, NC 27511-8502, USA.  2: Department of Computer Science, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4400, USA.  3: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA.; Source Info: 1999, Vol. 7 Issue 1-4, p127; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER science; Subject Term: INFORMATION technology; Subject Term: CASE studies; Subject Term: NORTH Carolina; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hou, L. S.
AU  - Ravindran, S. S.
T1  - NUMERICAL APPROXIMATION OF OPTIMAL FLOW CONTROL PROBLEMS BY A PENALTY METHOD: ERROR ESTIMATES AND NUMERICAL RESULTS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 1999/03//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1753
EP  - 1777
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to present numerically convenient approaches to solve optimal Dirichlet control problems governed by the steady Navier­Stokes equations. We will examine a penalized Neuman control approach for solving Dirichlet control problems from numerical and computational points of view. The control is affected by the suction or injection of fluid through the boundary or by boundary surface movements in the tangential direction. The control objectives to minimize the vorticity in the flow or to drive the velocity field to a desired one. We develop sequential quadratic programming methods to solve these optimal control problems. The effectiveness of the optimal control techniques in flow controls and the feasibility of the proposed penalized Neumann control approaches for flow control problems are demonstrated by numerical experiments for a viscous, incompressible fluid flow in a two-dimensional channel and in a cavity geometry.
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - NEUMANN problem
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - SPEED
KW  - QUADRATIC programming
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - finite elements
KW  - flow control
KW  - Navier­Stokes equations
KW  - optimization
KW  - sequential quadratic programming method
KW  - vorticity
N1  - Accession Number: 13200862; Hou, L. S. 1; Email Address: hou@math.iastate.edu Ravindran, S. S. 2; Email Address: ravi@fmd00.larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, Iowa State University, Ames  2: Flow Modeling and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 1999, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p1753; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: NEUMANN problem; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: QUADRATIC programming; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier­Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: sequential quadratic programming method; Author-Supplied Keyword: vorticity; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Welch, Robert B.
T1  - How Can We Determine if the Sense of Presence Affects Task Performance?
JO  - Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments
JF  - Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments
Y1  - 1999/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 574
EP  - 577
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10547460
AB  - The question of whether the sense of presence in virtual environments (or telepresence with respect to teleoperator systems) is causally related to task performance remains unanswered because the appropriate studies have yet to be carried out. In this brief report, the author describes a strategy for resolving this issue and the results of a pilot study in which this strategy was implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
N1  - Accession Number: 2464537; Welch, Robert B. 1; Affiliation:  1: rwelch@mail.arc.nasa.gov. NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Oct99, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p574; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2580
L3  - 10.1162/105474699566387
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, Afroz J.
AU  - Lee, Richard Q.
AU  - Simons, Rainee N.
T1  - A new design approach for a patch antenna with a notch feed<FNR></FNR><FN>This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. </FN>.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 1999/11/20/
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 236
EP  - 238
SN  - 08952477
AB  - A grounded CPW model for the notch region of a patch antenna feed is presented. The model is validated by measuring the input impedance for a wide range of substrate thickness and frequency using an accurate de-embedding technique. Based on these results, new design guidelines for a notch feed that assure impedance matching to a 50 Ω microstrip line are given. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 23: 236–238, 1999. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - ANTENNA feeds
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - antenna feed
KW  - coplanar waveguide
KW  - patch antenna
N1  - Accession Number: 13449151; Zaman, Afroz J. 1 Lee, Richard Q. 1 Simons, Rainee N. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 11/20/99, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p236; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: ANTENNA feeds; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Author-Supplied Keyword: antenna feed; Author-Supplied Keyword: coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: patch antenna; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dismukes, R. Key
AU  - McDonnell, Lori K.
AU  - Jobe, Kimberly K.
T1  - Facilitating LOFT Debriefings: Instructor Techniques and Crew Participation.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2000/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 57
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - This study analyzes techniques instructor pilots (IPs) use to facilitate crew analysis and evaluation of line-oriented flight training performance. We analyzed IP facilitation and crew participation for 36 debriefing sessions conducted at 5 U.S. airlines. For this analysis we developed a rating instrument termed the Debriefing Assessment Battery and demonstrated that it can be used reliably. IP facilitation skill varied dramatically, suggesting a need for concrete hands-on training in facilitation techniques. All measures of crew participation correlated significantly with IP effectiveness in facilitation. Crews responded to IP guidance but did not lead their own debriefings. We suggest ways to improve debriefing effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL debriefing
KW  - TRAINING of
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 3176738; Dismukes, R. Key 1 McDonnell, Lori K. 2 Jobe, Kimberly K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: San Jose State University, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2000, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p35; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL debriefing; Subject Term: TRAINING of; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 9 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8721
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skitka, Linda J.
AU  - Mosier, Kathleen L.
AU  - Burdick, Mark
AU  - Rosenblatt, Bonnie
T1  - Automation Bias and Errors: Are Crews Better Than Individuals?
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2000/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
EP  - 97
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - The availability of automated decision aids can sometimes feed into the general human tendency to travel the road of least cognitive effort. Is this tendency toward "automation bias" (the use of automation as a heuristic replacement for vigilant information seeking and processing) ameliorated when more than one decision maker is monitoring system events? This study examined automation bias in two-person crews versus solo performers under varying instruction conditions. Training that focused on automation bias and associated errors successfully reduced commission, but not omission, errors. Teams and solo performers were equally likely to fail to respond to system irregularities or events when automated devices failed to indicate them, and to incorrectly follow automated directives when they contradicted other system information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRCRAFT factories -- Automation
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Piloting
N1  - Accession Number: 3176740; Skitka, Linda J. 1 Mosier, Kathleen L. 2 Burdick, Mark 3 Rosenblatt, Bonnie 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago  2: Department of Psychology , San Francisco State University  3: San Jose State University Foundation and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2000, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p85; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT factories -- Automation; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Piloting; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5385
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCandless, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Ellis, Stephen R.
AU  - Adelstein, Bernard D.
T1  - Localization of a Time-Delayed, Monocular Virtual Object Superimposed on a Real Environment.
JO  - Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments
JF  - Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments
Y1  - 2000/02//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 24
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10547460
AB  - Observers adjusted a pointer to match the depicted distance of a monocular virtual object viewed in a see-through, head-mounted display. Distance information was available through motion parallax produced as the observers rocked side to side. The apparent stability of the virtual object was impaired by a time delay between the observers’ head motions and the corresponding change in the object position on the display. Localizations were made for four time delays (31 ms, 64 ms, 131 ms, and 197 ms) and three depicted distances (75 cm, 95 cm, and 113 cm). The errors in localizations increased systematically with time delay and depicted distance. A model of the results shows that the judgment error and lateral projected position of the virtual object are each linearly related to time delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOCALIZATION theory
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - TIME delay systems
N1  - Accession Number: 2903444; McCandless, Jeffrey W. 1 Ellis, Stephen R. 2 Adelstein, Bernard D. 2; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University Foundation M.S. 262-2, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  2: NASA Ames Research Center M.S. 262-2, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Source Info: Feb2000, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p15; Subject Term: LOCALIZATION theory; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: TIME delay systems; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5533
L3  - 10.1162/105474600566583
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Llorente, Ignacio M.
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Melson, N. Duane
T1  - ALTERNATING PLANE SMOOTHERS FOR MULTIBLOCK GRIDS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2000/05//
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 218
EP  - 242
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - Standard multigrid methods are not well suited for problems with anisotropic discrete operators, which can occur, for example, on grids that are stretched in order to resolve a boundary layer. One of the most efficient approaches to yield robust methods is the combination of standard coarsening with alternating-direction plane relaxation in the three dimensions. However, this approach may be difficult to implement in codes with multiblock structured grids because there may be no natural definition of global lines or planes. This inherent obstacle limits the range of an implicit smoother to only the portion of the computational domain in the current block. This report studies in detail, both numerically and analytically, the behavior of blockwise plane smoothers in order to provide guidance to engineers who use block-structured grids. The results obtained so far show alternating-direction plane smoothers to be very robust, even on multiblock grids. In common computational fluid dynamics multiblock simulations, where the number of subdomains crossed by the line of a strong anisotropy is low (up to four), textbook multigrid convergence rates can be obtained with a small overlap of cells between neighboring blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - ENGINEERS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - anisotropic discrete operators
KW  - multiblock grids
KW  - robust multigrid methods
N1  - Accession Number: 13204903; Llorente, Ignacio M. 1; Email Address: llorente@dacya.ucm.es Diskin, Boris 2; Email Address: bdiskin@icase.edu Melson, N. Duane 3; Email Address: n.d.melson@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Arquitectura de Computadores y Autom´atica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain  2: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, Mail Stop 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199  3: Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Methods Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199; Source Info: 2000, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p218; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: ENGINEERS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: anisotropic discrete operators; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiblock grids; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust multigrid methods; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loh, C. Y.
AU  - Hui, W. H.
T1  - A NEW LAGRANGIAN METHOD FOR TIME-DEPENDENT INVISCID FLOW COMPUTATION.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2000/05//
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 330
EP  - 350
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - This paper presents a new Lagrangian approach for the two-dimensional (2-D) time-dependent Euler equations. It may be considered as a sequel to the authors' previous Lagrangian approaches for steady supersonic flow computations [C. Y. Loh and W. H. Hui, J. Comput. Phys., 89 (1990), pp. 207­240; W. H. Hui and C. Y. Loh, J. Comput. Phys., 103 (1992), pp. 450­464; W. H. Hui and C. Y. Loh, J. Comput. Phys., 103 (1992), pp. 465­471; C. Y. Loh and M. S. Liou, J. Comput. Phys., 104 (1993), pp. 150­161; C. Y. Loh and M. S. Liou, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 15 (1994), pp. 1038­1058; C. Y. Loh and M. S. Liou, J. Comput. Phys., 113 (1994), pp. 224­248]. The theoretical background and the intrinsic flow coordinates as well as the Lagrangian conservation form are introduced based on the concept of material functions (or path functions). A TVD scheme of the Godunov type is chosen to describe the numerical procedure. Several examples are then given to justify the claimed advantages of the new methodology, namely, (a) any contact discontinuities are crisply solved and (b) grids are automatically and accurately generated following pathlines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAGRANGE equations
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - EQUATIONS of motion
KW  - inviscid unsteady flow
KW  - Lagrangian description
KW  - TVD scheme
N1  - Accession Number: 13204941; Loh, C. Y. 1; Email Address: fsloh@turbot. grc.nasa.gov Hui, W. H. 2; Email Address: whhui@uxmail.ust.hk; Affiliation:  1: M.S. 5-11, NASA Glenn Research Center & Taitech Inc., Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong; Source Info: 2000, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p330; Subject Term: LAGRANGE equations; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: inviscid unsteady flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lagrangian description; Author-Supplied Keyword: TVD scheme; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Librescu, L.
AU  - Nemeth, M. P.
AU  - Starnes Jr, J. H.
AU  - Lin, W.
T1  - NONLINEAR RESPONSE OF FLAT AND CURVED PANELS SUBJECTED TO THERMOMECHANICAL LOADS.
JO  - Journal of Thermal Stresses
JF  - Journal of Thermal Stresses
Y1  - 2000/08//
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 549
EP  - 582
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01495739
AB  - The results of an analytical study of the nonlinear response of flat and curved panels subjected to pre-existing, nondestabilizing lateral pressure and thermal loads and to mechanical edge loads are presented. The mechanical loads include uniaxial compression loads and combinations of uniaxial compression and transverse tension or compression loads that are increased monotonically into the postbuckling response range of the panels. The structural model used to analyze the panels is based on a higher order shell theory that includes transverse-shear flexibility, initial geometric imperfections, and von Karman_type geometric nonlinearities. The edges of a panel are modeled as simply supported edges with the displacement normal to the edge face either unrestrained or fully restrained. Results are presented for transversely isotropic single-layer panels and three-layer sandwich panels that illustrate how the temperature field, initial imperfections, lateral pressure loads, and mechanical edge loads interact to change the character of the nonlinear panel response. Some response curves are presented that have classic unstable, asymmetric bifurcation behavior and intense snap-through instabilities. Other results show that, for some cases, these interactions can reduce the intensity of snap-through instabilities and even eliminate this form of instability altogether for certain ranges of loading and structural parameters. In addition, results are presented that show how transverse-shear flexibility affects the interactions of the temperature field, the initial imperfections, the lateral pressure loads, and, thus, the character of the nonlinear panel response. One important finding of the present study is that linear bifurcation buckling analyses may not indicate adequately the onset of significant nonlinear deformations of a geometrically perfect, shallow curved panel for certain combined mechanical loading conditions. This finding may affect current preliminary design practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Thermal Stresses is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - THERMOELASTICITY
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 3979331; Librescu, L. 1 Nemeth, M. P. 2 Starnes Jr, J. H. 3 Lin, W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Engineering Science and Mechanics Department Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia, USA  2: Structural Mechanics Branch NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia, USA  3: Structural Mechanics Branch Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Aug2000, Vol. 23 Issue 6, p549; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 24 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01495730050143134
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Macintyre, Ian G.
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Reid, R. Pamela
T1  - The role of endolithic cyanobacteria in the formation of lithified laminae in Bahamian stromatolites.
JO  - Sedimentology
JF  - Sedimentology
Y1  - 2000/10//
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 915
EP  - 921
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00370746
AB  - The microboring activity of endolithic cyanobacteria plays a major role in the formation of the dominant lithified laminae in modern marine stromatolites in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas. These stromatolites are composed primarily of fine-grained carbonate sand that is trapped and bound by the filamentous cyanobacteria Schizothrix sp.. Periodic introduction of coccoid endolithic cyanobacteria Solentia sp. during hiatuses in stromatolite growth associated with very low rates of sedimentation results in the formation of lithified horizons, 200–1000 μm thick. These layers consist of micritized grains that are welded together at point contacts. The micritization is caused by extensive microboring and carbonate precipitation within boreholes concurrent with endolithic activity. Grain welding occurs when boreholes cross from one grain to another at point contacts. Thus, microboring destroys original grain textures but, at the same time, plays a constructional role in stromatolite growth by forming lithified layers of welded grains. These lateral bands of fused carbonate grains help to stabilize and preserve the stromatolite deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sedimentology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - BAHAMAS
KW  - Endolithic cyanobacteria
KW  - lithification
KW  - micritization
KW  - stromatolites
N1  - Accession Number: 5509114; Macintyre, Ian G. 1 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 2 Reid, R. Pamela 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, NHB-125, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA (E-mail: macintyre.ian@nmnh.si.edu)  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA; Source Info: Oct2000, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p915; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: BAHAMAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Endolithic cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: lithification; Author-Supplied Keyword: micritization; Author-Supplied Keyword: stromatolites; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suresh, Ambady
T1  - POSITIVITY-PRESERVING SCHEMES IN MULTIDIMENSIONS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2000/10//
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1184
EP  - 1198
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - The performance of the MUSCL­Hancock upwind scheme is examined on problems of two-dimensional advection. It is found that when the advection direction is skewed relative to the mesh, most discrete total variation (TVD) limiters give rise to large spurious oscillations near discontinuities. The cause of these oscillations is traced to reconstructions that are not bounded by neighboring cell averages. It is proved that if the reconstruction in each cell is bounded by the cell averages of first order neighbors, then the MUSCL­Hancock scheme is positivity preserving. A simple limiter that achieves such bounded reconstructions is presented next along with a variant that is uniformly second order accurate. Numerical experiments show that the new schemes are accurate and efficient and compare favorably with other schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - CYCLES
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - advection
KW  - positivity preserving
KW  - upwind
N1  - Accession Number: 13205125; Suresh, Ambady 1; Email Address: ambady.suresh@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Dynacs Engineering Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2000, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p1184; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: CYCLES; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: advection; Author-Supplied Keyword: positivity preserving; Author-Supplied Keyword: upwind; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beam, Richard M.
AU  - Warming, Robert F.
T1  - MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS AND SUPERCOMPACT MULTIWAVELETS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2000/10//
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1238
EP  - 1268
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - The Haar wavelets can represent exactly any piecewise constant function. The motivation for the present development is Alpert's family of compact orthogonal multiwavelets that can represent exactly any piecewise polynomial function. We choose to derive the algorithm in the style and notation of Harten's multiresolution analysis as extended to multiwavelets by the authors. We begin with a description of the nested grid hierarchy. Next comes the decomposition, which is the heart of the algorithm, and finally the reconstruction. The basis functions (which are nonfractal) retain the spatial compactness of the Haar basis functions, which enhances the algorithm application to nonperiodic and piecewise continuous data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMPACTING
KW  - ORDER
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - HARMONIC analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - multiresolution
KW  - multiwavelets
KW  - wavelets
N1  - Accession Number: 13205230; Beam, Richard M. 1 Warming, Robert F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Computational Methods Branch, NASA AMEs Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2000, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p1238; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMPACTING; Subject Term: ORDER; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: HARMONIC analysis (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: multiresolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiwavelets; Author-Supplied Keyword: wavelets; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warming, Robert F.
AU  - Beam, Richard M.
T1  - DISCRETE MULTIRESOLUTION ANALYSIS USING HERMITE INTERPOLATION: BIORTHOGONAL MULTIW VELETS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2000/10//
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1269
EP  - 1317
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - We generalize Harten's interpolatory multiresolution representation to include Her- mite interpolation. Compact Hermite interpolation with optimal order accuracy is used in both the decomposition and reconstruction algorithm. The resulting multiple basis functions (biorthogonal multiwavelets) are symmetric or skew-symmetric, compact, and analytic. Harten's approach has several advantages: the multiresolution scheme is inherently discrete, nonperiodic boundary conditions are easy to implement, and the representation can be extended to nonuniform grids in bounded do- mains. We demonstrate the compression features of the new multiple basis functions by application to several examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - HARMONIC analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - BIORTHOGONAL systems
KW  - multiresolution
KW  - multiwavelets
KW  - wavelets
N1  - Accession Number: 13205226; Warming, Robert F. 1 Beam, Richard M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Computational Methods Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2000, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p1269; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: HARMONIC analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: BIORTHOGONAL systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiresolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiwavelets; Author-Supplied Keyword: wavelets; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yeomans, Don
T1  - BRIEFING FOR THE NEXT VENUS TRANSIT (Book).
JO  - Journal for the History of Astronomy
JF  - Journal for the History of Astronomy
Y1  - 2000/11//
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 361
SN  - 00218286
AB  - Reviews the book 'June 8, 2004: Venus in Transit,' by Eli Maor.
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - MAOR, Eli
KW  - JUNE 8, 2004 (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 10733966; Yeomans, Don 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Nov2000, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p361; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: JUNE 8, 2004 (Book); People: MAOR, Eli; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hazeltine, Eliot
AU  - Poldrack, Russell
AU  - Gabrieli, John D. E.
T1  - Neural Activation During Response Competition.
JO  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Y1  - 2000/11/02/2000 Supplement 2
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 118
EP  - 129
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 0898929X
AB  - Abstract The flanker task, introduced by Eriksen and Eriksen [Eriksen, B. A., & Eriksen, C. W. (1974). Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch task. Perception & Psychophysics, 16, 143–149], provides a means to selectively manipulate the presence or absence of response competition while keeping other task demands constant. We measured brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during performance of the flanker task. In accordance with previous behavioral studies, trials in which the flanking stimuli indicated a different response than the central stimulus were performed significantly more slowly than trials in which all the stimuli indicated the same response. This reaction time effect was accompanied by increases in activity in four regions: the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the supplementary motor area, the left superior parietal lobe, and the left anterior parietal cortex. The increases were not due to changes in stimulus complexity or the need to overcome previously learned associations between stimuli and responses. Correspondences between this study and other experiments manipulating response interference suggest that the frontal foci may be related to response inhibition processes whereas the posterior foci may be related to the activation of representations of the inappropriate responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - BRAIN
KW  - MAGNETIC resonance imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 3938765; Hazeltine, Eliot 1 Poldrack, Russell 2 Gabrieli, John D. E. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center  2: Stanford University, MGH-NMR Center, and Harvard Medical School  3: Stanford University; Source Info: 2000 Supplement 2, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p118; Subject Term: BRAIN; Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 9031
L3  - 10.1162/089892900563984
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosier, Kathleen L.
AU  - Skitka, Linda J.
AU  - Dunbar, Melisa
AU  - McDonnell, Lori
T1  - Aircrews and Automation Bias: The Advantages of Teamwork?
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2001/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - A series of recent studies on automation bias, the use of automation as a heuristic replacement for vigilant information seeking and processing, has investigated omission and commission errors in highly automated decision environments. Most of the research on this phenomenon has been conducted in a single-person performance configuration. This study was designed to follow up on that research to investigate whether the error rates found with single pilots and with teams of students would hold in the context of an aircraft cockpit, with a professional aircrew. In addition, this study also investigated the efficacy of possible interventions involving explicit automation bias training and display prompts to verify automated information. Results demonstrated the persistence of automation bias in crews compared with solo performers. No effects were found for either training or display prompts. Pilot performance during the experimental legs was most highly predicted by performance on the control leg and by event importance. The previously found phantom memory phenomenon associated with a false engine fire event persisted in crews. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - FLIGHT crews
N1  - Accession Number: 4792845; Mosier, Kathleen L. 1 Skitka, Linda J. 2 Dunbar, Melisa 3 McDonnell, Lori 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University  2: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago  3: San Jose State University Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2001, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: HEURISTIC; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5984
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flin, Rhona
AU  - Martin, Lynne
T1  - Behavioral Markers for Crew Resource Management: A Review of Current Practice.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2001/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 118
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Developments in crew resource management (CRM) have progressed from the introduction of training programs to the evaluation of CRM skills, particularly for multicrew cockpits. European regulators responsible for flight operations and flight crew licensing (Joint Aviation Authorities, 1996, 1997) are introducing requirements for the training and assessment of pilots' nontechnical skills. This article reports a review of the literature and a survey of current practice in the development and use of behavioral marker systems for training and assessing nontechnical CRM skills in international and domestic (UK) airlines. In general, there appears to be a wide range of practice in the design and implementation of behavioral markers systems within CRM programs. Emerging issues relating to content validity of marker systems and rater reliability are likely to become the focus of both researchers' and pilots' interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEHAVIORAL assessment
KW  - TRAINING
KW  - GREAT Britain
N1  - Accession Number: 4792840; Flin, Rhona 1 Martin, Lynne 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, University of Aberdeen, King's College, Aberdeen, Scotland  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2001, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p95; Subject Term: BEHAVIORAL assessment; Subject Term: TRAINING; Subject Term: GREAT Britain; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 10420
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, S. M.
AU  - Kelkar, A. G.
T1  - Passivity-based robust control of systems with redundant sensors and actuators.
JO  - International Journal of Control
JF  - International Journal of Control
Y1  - 2001/03/20/
VL  - 74
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
EP  - 481
SN  - 00207179
AB  - This paper considers passivity-based control of a class of uncertain linear, time-invariant systems having redundant sensors and actuators. The approach consists of robustly 'passifying'(i.e. rendering passive) the system, which is assumed to have affine parametric uncertainties in the system matrix as well as the input and output matrices. The passification is accomplished by finding constant matrices to be placed at the input and output of the system which will appropriately combine the sensor signals and distribute the control signals to the actuators. Sufficient conditions are first obtained for the system to remain passive for all parameter values that lie in a hyper-rectangular region in the parameter space. The conditions take the form of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Next, the problem of finding an optimal sensor blending matrix is considered, which will maximize the region in the parameter space in which the system remains robustly passive. The dual problem of optimal control allocation is also considered, and a method is given for combined sensor blending and control allocation for robust passification. A method for reduction of the number of LMIs is investigated, and a numerical example is given for demonstrating the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - MATRIX inequalities
N1  - Accession Number: 4169185; Joshi, S. M. 1 Kelkar, A. G. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center  2: Kansas State University; Source Info: 03/20/2001, Vol. 74 Issue 5, p474; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: MATRIX inequalities; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207170010010588
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Keuls, F. W.
AU  - Chevalier, C. T.
AU  - Miranda, F. A.
AU  - Carlson, C. M.
AU  - Rivkin, T. V.
AU  - Parilla, P. A.
AU  - Perkins, J. D.
AU  - Ginley, D. S.
T1  - Comparison of the experimental performance of ferroelectric CPW circuits with method-of-moment simulations and conformal mapping analysis.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2001/04/05/
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 37
SN  - 08952477
AB  - Experimental measurements of coplanar waveguide circuits atop thin films of ferroelectric BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) were made as a function of dc bias from 0 to 200 V and frequency from 0.045 to 20 GHz. The resulting phase shifts are compared with method-of-moments electromagnetic simulations and a conformal mapping analysis to determine the dielectric constant of the BST films. The accuracy of the resulting dielectric constants is analyzed and compared to low-frequency measurements of interdigitated capacitor circuits on the same films. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 34–37, 2001. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - FERROELECTRIC crystals
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - CAPACITORS
KW  - coplanar waveguide
KW  - phase shifter
KW  - thin-film ferroelectric
N1  - Accession Number: 13449926; Van Keuls, F. W. 1 Chevalier, C. T. 1 Miranda, F. A. 1 Carlson, C. M. 2 Rivkin, T. V. 3 Parilla, P. A. 3 Perkins, J. D. 3 Ginley, D. S. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Micron Technology, Inc. Boise, Idaho 83707-0006  3: NREL Golden, Colorado 80401; Source Info: 4/5/2001, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p34; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC crystals; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase shifter; Author-Supplied Keyword: thin-film ferroelectric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stone, Maria
AU  - Dismukes, Key
AU  - Remington, Roger
T1  - Prospective memory in dynamic environments: Effects of load, delay, and phonological rehearsal.
JO  - Memory
JF  - Memory
Y1  - 2001/05//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 176
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 09658211
AB  - A new paradigm was developed to examine prospective memory performance in a visual-spatial task that resembles some aspects of the work of air traffic controllers. Two experiments examined the role of workload (number of aeroplanes that participants directed), delay (between receipt of prospective instructions and execution), and phonological rehearsal. High workload increased prospective memory errors but increasing delay from 1-3 or 5 minutes had no effect. Shadowing aurally presented text reduced prospective memory performance, presumably because it prevented verbal rehearsal of the prospective instructions. However, performance on the foreground task of directing aeroplanes to routine destinations was affected only by workload and not by opportunity for rehearsal. Our results suggest that ability to maintain performance on a routine foreground task while performing a secondary task - perhaps analogous to conversation - does not predict ability to retrieve a prospective intention to deviate from the routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - MEMORY
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - SPACE perception
N1  - Accession Number: 4757327; Stone, Maria 1 Dismukes, Key 1 Remington, Roger 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, California, USA; Source Info: May2001, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p165; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: SPACE perception; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09658210143000100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jadaan, O.
AU  - Nemethm, N.
T1  - Transient reliability of ceramic structures.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2001/07//
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
EP  - 487
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - Present capabilities of the NASA Ceramic Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures/Life (CARES/Life) code include probabilistic life prediction of ceramic components subjected to fast fracture, slow crack growth (SCG) (stress corrosion), and cyclic fatigue failure modes. Currently, this code has the capability to compute the time-dependent reliability of ceramic structures subjected to simple time-dependent loading. For example, in SCG type failure conditions CARES/Life can handle the cases of sustained and linearly increasing time-dependent loads, whereas for cyclic fatigue applications, it can account for various types of repetitive constant amplitude loads. In real applications applied loads are rarely that simple, but rather vary with time in more complex ways such as engine start up and shut down and dynamic and vibrational loads. In addition, when a given component is subjected to transient environmental and/or thermal conditions, the material properties also vary with time. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate a methodology capable of predicting the time-dependent reliability of components subjected to transient thermomechanical loads that take into account the change in material response with time. In this article, the dominant delayed failure mechanism is assumed to be SCG. This capability has been added to the NASA CARES/Life code, which has also been modified to have the ability of interfacing with commercially available finite element analysis codes executed for transient load histories. An example involving a ceramic exhaust valve subjected to combustion cycle loads is presented to demonstrate the viability of this methodology and the CARES/Life program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - failure
KW  - fatigue
KW  - reliability
KW  - transient
KW  - Weibull
N1  - Accession Number: 5084390; Jadaan, O. 1 Nemethm, N. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Wisconsin-Platteville, Platteville, Wisconsin  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Jul2001, Vol. 24 Issue 7, p475; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2001.00419.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cowings, Patricia S.
AU  - Kellar, Michael A.
AU  - Folen, Raymond A.
AU  - Toscano, William B.
AU  - Burge, Johannes D.
T1  - Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise and Pilot Performance: Enhanced Functioning Under Search-and-Rescue Flying Conditions.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2001/07//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 315
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Studies have shown that autonomous mode behavior is one cause of aircraft fatalities due to pilot error. In such cases, the pilot is in a high state of psychological and physiological arousal and tends to focus on one problem, while ignoring more critical information. This study examined the effect of training in physiological self-recognition and regulation, as a means of improving crew cockpit performance. Seventeen pilots were assigned to the treatment and control groups matched for accumulated flight hours. The treatment group contained 4 pilots from HC-130 Hercules aircraft and 4 HH-65 Dolphin helicopter pilots; the control group contained 3 pilots of HC-130s and 6 helicopter pilots. During an initial flight, physiological data were recorded on each crewmember and an instructor pilot rated individual crew performance. Eight crewmembers were then taught to regulate their own physiological response levels using Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE). The remaining participants received no training. During a second flight, treatment participants showed significant improvement in performance (rated by the same instructor pilot as in pretests) while controls did not improve. The results indicate that AFTE management of high states of physiological arousal may improve pilot performance during emergency flying conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents -- Human factors
KW  - AUTOGENIC training
N1  - Accession Number: 5209677; Cowings, Patricia S. 1 Kellar, Michael A. 2 Folen, Raymond A. 2 Toscano, William B. 1 Burge, Johannes D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, HI  3: Department of Psychology, Stanford University; Source Info: 2001, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p303; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents -- Human factors; Subject Term: AUTOGENIC training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nezlek, John B.
AU  - Austin-Lane, Joy
AU  - Null, Cynthia H.
T1  - Multidimensional Scaling Analyses of the Perceived Social Structure of Informal Groups.
JO  - Group Dynamics
JF  - Group Dynamics
Y1  - 2001/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 200
EP  - 207
SN  - 10892699
AB  - Four groups of student hallmates provided similarity ratings of each other, and they rated each other on various characteristics. Group-level multidimensional scaling analyses suggested that there was no consensus] social structure in any of the four groups. In contrast, individual-level analyses found that individuals had coherent perceptions of the social structures of their groups, although no 2 members of any group perceived the social structure of their group similarly. Nevertheless, there was considerable similarity among people in the dimensions underlying their perceived structures. Conventionality, friendliness, influence, and interpersonal openness served as organizing dimensions for the majority of participants, and sense of humor, how hard it was to get along with people, introversion, interesting, and academic orientation were important bases for about a third of the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Group Dynamics is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STUDENTS
KW  - SCALING (Social sciences)
KW  - PSYCHOMETRICS
KW  - SOCIAL sciences -- Methodology
KW  - SOCIAL structure
KW  - SOCIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 24682698; Nezlek, John B. 1; Email Address: john.nezlek@wm.edu Austin-Lane, Joy 1 Null, Cynthia H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Colleg of William & Mary  2: National Aeronautics, Space Administration Ames Research Center; Source Info: Sep2001, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p200; Subject Term: STUDENTS; Subject Term: SCALING (Social sciences); Subject Term: PSYCHOMETRICS; Subject Term: SOCIAL sciences -- Methodology; Subject Term: SOCIAL structure; Subject Term: SOCIOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037//1089-2699.5.3.200
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leib, S. J.
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
T1  - Sound from Turbulence Convected by a Parallel Flow Within a Rectangular Duct.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2001/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1875
EP  - 1883
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A previously derived high-frequency solution to Lilley's equation is used to study the far-field characteristics of the sound generated by a turbulent flow within a semi-infinite duct of nonaxisymmetric cross section. The source term is simplified by assuming the turbulence to be axisymmetric about the mean flow direction, and a relatively simple formula for the far-field azimuthal and polar sound field variation is obtained. The numerical computations involve the calculation of ray trajectories, and a parallel computer code has been developed for this purpose. It is expected that the code will be able to produce azimuthal directivity patterns in a few minutes on a large parallel computer system. The method has been applied to a rectangular duct, and numerical results for the azimuthal and polar variation of the sound field were computed on a cluster of workstations for a number of duct aspect ratios, wall impedances values, and source locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARALLEL computers
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AZIMUTH
KW  - MICROCOMPUTER workstations (Computers)
KW  - TRANSMISSION of sound
N1  - Accession Number: 13352727; Leib, S. J. 1,2 Goldstein, M. E. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Associate, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, Ohio 44142  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Chief Scientist, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Oct2001, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p1875; Subject Term: PARALLEL computers; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Subject Term: MICROCOMPUTER workstations (Computers); Subject Term: TRANSMISSION of sound; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogers, Stuart E.
AU  - Roth, Karlin
AU  - Nash, Steven M.
T1  - Validation of Computed High-Lift Flows with Significant Wind-Tunnel Effects.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2001/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1884
EP  - 1892
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The modeling requirements for validating Navier-Stokes computations of a high-lift trapezoidal wing are investigated. This wing has a full-span slat and a full-span flap and has been tested extensively in the NASA Langley 14 x 22-ft Wind Tunnel and the NASA Ames 12-ft Pressure Wind Tunnel. Because of the size of the wing, there are significant facility effects in the data from the 12-ft wind tunnel. Computational models of the test facility of differing fidelity are developed and tested. Results are compared with experimental lift, drag, and surface pressures. In the computations a simplified, inviscid model of the test section performs as well as a high-fidelity, viscous test-section model. Computed results generally compare very well with experimental data at all but the highest angles of attack. A comparison of computational results from both free-air and wind-tunnel simulations at the same lift condition indicates that it is necessary to simulate the wind tunnel to perform validation using the 12-ft wind-tunnel experimental data. A subsequent grid-refinement study found that enhanced spanwise resolution increased the accuracy of the computed surface pressures at high angle of attack and resulted in a computed maximum lift that was 5% above the experimental value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 13352728; Rogers, Stuart E. 1,2; Email Address: rogers@nas.nasa.gov Roth, Karlin 2,3; Email Address: kroth@mail.arc.nasa.gov Nash, Steven M. 4,5; Email Address: steve.nash@eng.sun.com; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Mail Stop T27B-1, NAS Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Chief, Aerospace Operations Modeling Office, Mail Stop 210-10, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Research Engineer, MCAT, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Software Engineer, System Products, Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, VMPK27-301, Palo Alto, CA 94304-4900; Source Info: Oct2001, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p1884; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chandrasekhara, M. S.
AU  - Wilder, M. C.
AU  - Carr, L. W.
T1  - Compressible Dynamic Stall Control Using Dynamic Shape Adaptation.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2001/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2021
EP  - 2024
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Discusses several experiments which examined the control of flow over a sinusoidally oscillating airfoil by determining the dynamic shape variations that produce the right nose curvature at each instantaneous flow condition. Elements of a deformation schedule; Description of the flow; Development of the airfoil peak suction pressure coefficient; Computation of the vorticity flux distribution.
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - CURVATURE
KW  - CALCULUS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 13352746; Chandrasekhara, M. S. 1,2 Wilder, M. C. 3,4 Carr, L. W. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Research Professor and Associate Director, Navy-NASA Joint Institute of Aeronautics, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California 93943  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Research Scientist, Reactive Flow Environment Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Member AIAA  5: Emeritus Scientist, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command and Experimental Physics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  6: Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Oct2001, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p2021; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: CURVATURE; Subject Term: CALCULUS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Derk-Jan Dijk, Dianne P.
AU  - Neri, David F.
AU  - Wyatt, James K.
AU  - Ronda, Joseph M.
AU  - Riel, Eymard
AU  - Angela Ritz-De Cecco, Eymard
AU  - Hughes, Rod J.
AU  - Elliott, Ann R.
AU  - Prisk, G. Kim
AU  - West, John B.
AU  - Czeisler, Charles A.
T1  - Sleep, performance, circadian rhythms, and light-dark cycles during two space shuttle flights.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative & Comparative Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative & Comparative Physiology
Y1  - 2001/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 35
SN  - 03636119
AB  - Cites a study to evaluate sleep, performance, circadian rhythms, and light-dark cycles of astronauts, during two space shuttle flights. Change in the amplitude of the body temperature rhythm in space; Results of polysomnography to evaluate slow-wave sleep; Factors for increase in the rapid eye movement sleep of astronauts.
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - SLEEP -- Stages
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - BODY temperature
KW  - POLYSOMNOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 12808374; Derk-Jan Dijk, Dianne P. 1 Neri, David F. 1,2 Wyatt, James K. 1 Ronda, Joseph M. 1 Riel, Eymard 1 Angela Ritz-De Cecco, Eymard 1 Hughes, Rod J. 1 Elliott, Ann R. 3 Prisk, G. Kim 3 West, John B. 3 Czeisler, Charles A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.  2: Fatigue Countermeasures Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035.  3: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.; Source Info: Nov2001, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p34; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: SLEEP -- Stages; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: BODY temperature; Subject Term: POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aspin, Colin
AU  - Sandell, Göran
T1  - Further evidence for the FU Orionis nature of PP 13S.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2001/12/11/
VL  - 328
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 751
EP  - 761
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present optical and near-infrared images and spectroscopy together with submillimetre images of the candidate FU Orionis pre-main-sequence star PP 13S. A comparison of historical plates with our new images shows that PP 13S has dimmed and changed optical morphology significantly over the last half-century. In addition, its optical spectrum has undergone dramatic changes over a period of 18 yr from one dominated by strong continuum emission to one showing only ionized, shock-excited emission lines. The current association with several features indicative of both accretion and outflow suggests that, within the last few hundred years, PP 13S passed through an elevated emission state characteristic of the high-accretion events of known FU Orionis-type stars, and has since declined, over the last few decades, to a more quiescent state. The result of the outburst may well have been the formation of the shock-excited Herbig–Haro jet seen to extend from the obscured young star. We additionally see significant morphological evolution of the source PP 13N . Its apparent association with a Herbig–Haro flow suggests that it also is actively accreting and driving a bipolar outflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - ISM: jets and outflows
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: individual: PP 13S
KW  - stars: mass-loss
KW  - stars: pre-main-sequence
N1  - Accession Number: 6099605; Aspin, Colin 1 Sandell, Göran 2; Affiliation:  1: 1Astrophysics, Oxford University, Nuclear & Astrophysics Laboratory, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH  2: 2NASA Ames Research Center, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 12/11/2001, Vol. 328 Issue 3, p751; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: jets and outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: PP 13S; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: mass-loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main-sequence; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04687.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datiles III, Manuel B.
AU  - Ansari, Rafat R.
AU  - Reed, George F.
T1  - A Clinical Study of the Human Lens with a Dynamic Light Scattering Device
JO  - Experimental Eye Research
JF  - Experimental Eye Research
Y1  - 2002/01//
VL  - 74
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
SN  - 00144835
AB  - A study was conducted to determine the potential usefulness and repeatability of a new dynamic light scattering (DLS) device for clinical studies of the human lens and early cataract. Studies using the cold cataract model showed this new device to be more sensitive than the Scheimpflug cataract imaging system in detecting the earliest cataractous changes. A miniaturized clinical DLS device developed by NASA using fiber optic probes was mounted on a Keratoscope (Optikon 2000), which has a 3-dimensional aiming system for accurate repeated sampling of the same area of the lens. A test/retest study was then conducted on the nuclear region of the lenses of 12 normal eyes. After a full, dilated eye examination, DLS data were obtained using the new device on the same eyes twice, 30–60 min apart. Particle size distributions and mean log particle size data were obtained. The mean percent differences between the larger and smaller of the test–retest pairs was 6.4% (range 0.05–10.8%); the between-test S.D. was 0.116. Actual numerical margin of error was ±0.023. In addition, the mean coefficient of variation was 4.2% (range 0.3–7.3%). A useful clinical end point obtained from data produced by the device was the mean log particle size. These results suggest that the DLS will be useful in the detection and study of the beginning and earliest stages of cataract formation in humans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Eye Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - LENSES
KW  - EYE -- Diseases
KW  - cataract
KW  - clinical study
KW  - corneal topography
KW  - dynamic light scattering
KW  - lens
N1  - Accession Number: 7927774; Datiles III, Manuel B. 1 Ansari, Rafat R. 2 Reed, George F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cataract Section, Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 10 Rm. 10N226, MSC 1860, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1860, U.S.A.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 333-1, Cleveland, OH, 44135, U.S.A.  3: Biometry Branch, Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 31, Rm. 6A52, MSC 2510, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2510, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jan2002, Vol. 74 Issue 1, p93; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: LENSES; Subject Term: EYE -- Diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: cataract; Author-Supplied Keyword: clinical study; Author-Supplied Keyword: corneal topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: lens; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1006/exer.2001.1106
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forth, S. C.
AU  - Keat, W. D.
AU  - Favrow, L. H.
T1  - Experimental and computational investigation of three-dimensional mixed-mode fatigue.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2002/01//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 15
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - Experimental and computational methods were developed to model three-dimensional (3-D) mixed-mode crack growth under fatigue loading with the objective of evaluating proposed 3-D fracture criteria. The experiments utilized 7075-T73 aluminium forgings cut into modified ASTM E740 surface crack specimens with pre-cracks orientated at angles of 30, 45 and 60° in separate tests. The progress of the evolving fatigue crack was monitored in real time using an automated visualization system. In addition, the amplitude of the loading was increased at prescribed intervals to mark the location of the 3-D crack front for post-test inspection. In order to evaluate proposed crack growth equations, computer simulations of the experiments were conducted using a 3-D fracture model based on the surface integral method. An automatic mesher advanced the crack front by adding a ring of elements consistent with local application of fracture criteria governing rate and direction of growth. Comparisons of the computational and experimental results showed that the best correlation was obtained when KII and KIII were incorporated in the growth rate equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM forgings
KW  - VISUALIZATION
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - boundary element
KW  - experiment
KW  - fatigue
KW  - fracture
KW  - Mixed-mode
KW  - Surface integral
N1  - Accession Number: 5884420; Forth, S. C. 1 Keat, W. D. 2 Favrow, L. H. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681, USA,  2: Union College, Mechanical Engineering Department, Steinmetz Hall, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA,  3: United Technologies Research Center, MS 129-24, 411 Silver Lane, Fast Hartford, CT 06108 USA; Source Info: Jan2002, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: ALUMINUM forgings; Subject Term: VISUALIZATION; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: boundary element; Author-Supplied Keyword: experiment; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed-mode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface integral; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332113 Forging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332112 Nonferrous Forging; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 8 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2002.00413.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chao, David F.
AU  - Yang, W. J.
AU  - Nengli Zhang, W. J.
T1  - Convective Instability in Transient Evaporating Thin Liquid Layers.
JO  - Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
JF  - Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics
Y1  - 2002/01//
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 89
SN  - 03400204
AB  - Experimental results on the convective instability of a transient evaporating thin liquid layer are reported. Evaporation is identified as an agent causing Rayleigh-Bénard convection and/or Marangoni-Bénard convection. Convective flow occurs in the evaporating liquid layer as long as the evaporation is strong enough, regardless of whether the layer is heated or cooled from below. The wavelength of the cells maintains a preference value in steady evaporation. When an evaporating thin layer is strongly cooled from below, both the nonlinear temperature profile of the layer and the flow pattern change rapidly during the transient evaporation process. The wavelength of convection cells increases with time and tends towards the preference value with the approach of a steady evaporation stage. A modified Marangoni number and a modified Rayleigh number serve as the dimensionless control parameters for this system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - EVAPORATION (Chemistry)
KW  - RAYLEIGH-Benard convection
KW  - RAYLEIGH number
KW  - HEAT transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 11359173; Chao, David F. 1 Yang, W. J. 2; Email Address: wjyang@umich.edu Nengli Zhang, W. J. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA  2: The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, USA; Source Info: 2002, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p71; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: RAYLEIGH-Benard convection; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH number; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Justus, C.G.
AU  - James, B.F.
AU  - Bougher, S.W.
AU  - Bridger, A.F.C.
AU  - Haberle, R.M.
AU  - Murphy, J.R.
AU  - Engel, S.
T1  - Mars-GRAM 2000: A Mars atmospheric model for engineering applications
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/01/15/
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 193
SN  - 02731177
AB  - This paper presents Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model 2000 Version (Mars-GRAM 2000) and its new features. All parameterizations for temperature, pressure, density, and winds versus height, latitude, longitude, time of day, and Ls have been replaced by input data tables from NASA Ames Mars General Circulation Model, for the surface through 80-km altitude, and the University of Arizona Mars Thermospheric General Circulation Model for 80 to 170 km. A modified Stewart thermospheric model is still used for higher altitudes and for dependence on solar activity. “Climate factors” to tune for agreement with general circulation model data are no longer needed. Adjustment of exospheric temperature is still an option. Consistent with observations from Mars Global Surveyor, a new longitude-dependent wave model is included, with user input to specify waves having one to three wavelengths around the planet. A simplified perturbation model has been substituted for the earlier one. An input switch allows users to select either East or West longitude positive. The paper includes instructions on obtaining Mars-GRAM source code, data files, and a users guide for running the program. The Mars-GRAM users guide provides sample input and output and gives an example for incorporating Mars-GRAM as an atmospheric subroutine in a trajectory code. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - DENSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 8776085; Justus, C.G. 1 James, B.F. 2 Bougher, S.W. 3 Bridger, A.F.C. 4 Haberle, R.M. 5 Murphy, J.R. 6 Engel, S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Computer Sciences Corporation, PO Box 240005, Huntsville, AL 35824, USA  2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, ED44, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Meteorology Department, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Federal Airfield, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; Source Info: Jan2002, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p193; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: DENSITY; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
T1  - Power-law and exponential creep in class M materials: discrepancies in experimental observations and implications for creep modeling
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2002/01/15/
VL  - 322
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 132
SN  - 09215093
AB  - This paper discusses our current understanding of the processes thought to be dominant in the exponential creep regime as well as the implications for creep modeling relating to both power-law and exponential creep regions. The significance and implications of creep controlled by vacancy diffusion along dislocation cores are discussed. It is pointed out that creep substructures, other than subgrains, have been reported in the literature, and a bifurcation diagram is presented to demonstrate how this evolution can occur from an initially homogeneous dislocation substructure. The use of nonlinear dislocation dynamics in creep modeling is advocated to rationalize the observed diversity in the creep substructures. It is demonstrated that the dislocation substructure evolution models can be coupled with a viscoplastic model through the volume fractions of the ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ phases. This coupling is shown to lead to the stress-subgrain size relationship in a simple and a natural way. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - METALS -- Creep
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - Activation energy
KW  - Creep microstructure
KW  - Creep modeling
KW  - Dislocation patterning
KW  - Nonlinear dislocation dynamics
KW  - Power-law and exponential creep
KW  - Viscoplastic models
N1  - Accession Number: 7739752; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, MS 24-1, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2002, Vol. 322 Issue 1/2, p132; Subject Term: METALS -- Creep; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dislocation patterning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear dislocation dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power-law and exponential creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoplastic models; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barut, A.
AU  - Hanauska, J.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Analysis method for bonded patch repair of a skin with a cutout
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2002/02//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
SN  - 02638223
AB  - This study presents an analysis method for determining the transverse shear and normal stresses in the adhesive and in-plane stresses in the repair patch and in the repaired skin. The damage to the skin is represented in the form of a cutout. The circular or elliptical cutout can be located arbitrarily under the patch. The patch is free of external tractions while the skin is subjected to general loading along its external edge. The method utilizes the principle of minimum potential energy in conjunction with complex potential functions to analyze a patch-repaired damage configuration. The present results have been validated against experimental measurements and three-dimensional finite element (FE) predictions concerning the patch repair of a circular cutout in a skin under uniform loading. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - SKIN
KW  - Adhesive
KW  - Composite
KW  - Cutout
KW  - Patch
KW  - Repair
N1  - Accession Number: 9098407; Barut, A. 1 Hanauska, J. 1 Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Ambur, D.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p277; Subject Term: ADHESIVES; Subject Term: SKIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cutout; Author-Supplied Keyword: Patch; Author-Supplied Keyword: Repair; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325520 Adhesive Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spirkovska, Lilly
AU  - Lodha, Suresh K.
T1  - <atl>AWE: aviation weather data visualization environment
JO  - Computers & Graphics
JF  - Computers & Graphics
Y1  - 2002/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
SN  - 00978493
AB  - Weather is one of the major causes of aviation accidents. General aviation (GA) flights account for 92% of all the aviation accidents. Researchers are addressing this problem from various perspectives including improving meteorological forecasting techniques, collecting additional weather data automatically via on-board sensors and “flight” modems, and improving weather data dissemination (often available only in the textual format) and visualization techniques. We approach the problem from the improved dissemination perspective and propose weather visualization methods tailored for general aviation pilots. Although some aviation weather data, such as possible icing (Airman''s Meteorological Information (AIRMETs)) or turbulence conditions (Significant Meteorological Conditions (SIGMETs)), or information about precipitation intensity and movement, has already been presented well by existing systems, there is still an urgent need for visualizing several critical weather elements neglected so far. Our system, Aviation Weather Data Visualization Environment (AWE), focuses on graphical displays of these weather elements, namely, meteorological observations, terminal area forecasts, and winds aloft forecasts and maps them onto a cartographic grid specific to the pilot''s area of interest. Additional weather graphics such as icing (AIRMETs) or turbulence conditions (SIGMETs) can easily be added to our system to provide a pilot with a more complete visual weather briefing. Decisions regarding the graphical display and design are made based on careful consideration of user needs. Integral visual display of these elements of weather reports is designed for the use of GA pilots as a weather briefing and route selection tool. AWE provides linking of the weather information to the flight''s path and schedule. The pilot can interact with the system to obtain aviation-specific weather for the entire area or for his specific route to explore what-if scenarios including the selection of alternates, and make “go/no-go” decisions. AWE, as evaluated by some pilots at National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, was found to be useful. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Graphics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRIVATE flying
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - VISUALIZATION
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - General aviation
KW  - Route selection
KW  - User evaluation
KW  - Weather visualization
N1  - Accession Number: 7755794; Spirkovska, Lilly 1; Email Address: spirkov@email.arc.nasa.gov Lodha, Suresh K. 2; Email Address: lodha@cse.ucsc.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Computer Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p169; Subject Term: PRIVATE flying; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: VISUALIZATION; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: General aviation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Route selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: User evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weather visualization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Brien, T. Kevin
AU  - Chawan, Arun D.
AU  - Krueger, Ronald
AU  - Paris, Isabelle L.
T1  - Transverse tension fatigue life characterization through flexure testing of composite materials
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2002/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 2-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
SN  - 01421123
AB  - The transverse tension fatigue life of S2/8552 glass–epoxy and IM7/8552 carbon–epoxy was characterized using flexure tests of 90-degree laminates loaded in 3-point and 4-point bending. The influence of specimen polishing and specimen configuration on transverse tension fatigue life was examined using the glass–epoxy laminates. Results showed that 90-degree flexure specimens with polished machined edges and polished tension-side surfaces had lower fatigue lives than unpolished specimens when cyclically loaded at equal stress levels. The influence of specimen thickness and the utility of a Weibull scaling law were examined using the carbon–epoxy laminates. The influence of test frequency on fatigue results was also documented for the 4-point bending configuration. A Weibull scaling law was used to predict the 4-point bending fatigue lives from the 3-point bending curve fit and vice versa. Scaling was performed based on maximum cyclic stress level as well as fatigue life. The scaling laws based on stress level shifted the curve fit S–N characterizations in the desired direction, however, the magnitude of the shift was not adequate to accurately predict the fatigue lives. Furthermore, the scaling law based on fatigue life shifted the curve fit S–N characterizations in the opposite direction from measured values. Therefore, these scaling laws were not adequate for obtaining accurate predictions of the transverse tension fatigue lives of heterogeneous, fiber reinforced, polymer matrix composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - Carbon–epoxy
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Fatigue life
KW  - Glass–epoxy
KW  - Transverse tension strength
KW  - Weibull scaling law
N1  - Accession Number: 7758644; O'Brien, T. Kevin 1; Email Address: t.k.obrien@larc.nasa.gov Chawan, Arun D. 2 Krueger, Ronald 3 Paris, Isabelle L. 3; Affiliation:  1: US Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: National Research Council, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 24 Issue 2-4, p127; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon–epoxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass–epoxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transverse tension strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull scaling law; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nicholson, Lee M.
AU  - Whitley, Karen S.
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
T1  - The role of molecular weight and temperature on the elastic and viscoelastic properties of a glassy thermoplastic polyimide
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2002/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 2-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
SN  - 01421123
AB  - Mechanical testing of the elastic and viscoelastic response of an advanced thermoplastic polyimide (LaRC™-SI) with known variations in molecular weight was performed over a range of temperatures below the glass transition temperature. The notched tensile strength was shown to be a strong function of both molecular weight and temperature, whereas stiffness was only a strong function of temperature. A critical molecular weight was observed at a weight-average molecular weight of <f>M¯w</f>∼22 000 g/mol below which the notched tensile strength decreases rapidly. This critical molecular weight transition is temperature-independent. Low molecular weight materials tended to fail in a brittle manner, whereas high molecular weight materials exhibited ductile failure. Furthermore, low molecular weight materials have increased creep compliance and creep compliance rate and are more sensitive to temperature than the high molecular weight materials. At long timescales (>1100 h) physical ageing serves to significantly decrease the creep compliance and creep rate of all the materials tested. Low molecular weight materials are less influenced by the effects of physical ageing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - Creep-compliance
KW  - Modulus
KW  - Molecular weight
KW  - Physical ageing
KW  - Polyimides
KW  - Strength
N1  - Accession Number: 7758650; Nicholson, Lee M. Whitley, Karen S. 1 Gates, Thomas S. 1; Email Address: t.s.gates@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mechanics and Durability Branch, Structures and Materials Competency MS 188E, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 24 Issue 2-4, p185; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep-compliance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modulus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular weight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical ageing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yeomans, Don
T1  - THE CREATOR OF ASTROGEOLOGY (Book).
JO  - Journal for the History of Astronomy
JF  - Journal for the History of Astronomy
Y1  - 2002/02//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 86
SN  - 00218286
AB  - Reviews the book 'Shoemaker by Levy: The Man Who Made an Impact,' by David H. Levy.
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - LEVY, David H., 1948-
KW  - SHOEMAKER, Gene
KW  - SHOEMAKER by Levy (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 10738599; Yeomans, Don 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p86; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: SHOEMAKER by Levy (Book); People: LEVY, David H., 1948-; People: SHOEMAKER, Gene; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delozier, D.M.
AU  - Orwoll, R.A.
AU  - Cahoon, J.F.
AU  - Johnston, N.J.
AU  - Smith Jr, J.G.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
T1  - Preparation and characterization of polyimide/organoclay nanocomposites
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2002/02//
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 813
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Organically modified montmorrillonite clay, containing a long chain aliphatic quarternary ammonium cation, was used to prepare polyimide/organoclay hybrids. Several approaches were examined in an attempt to achieve fully exfoliated nanocomposites. These included simple mixing of the clay in a pre-made high molecular weight poly(amide acid) solution; simple mixing followed by sonication of the organoclay/poly(amide acid) solutions; and the preparation of high molecular weight poly(amide acid)s in the presence of the organoclay dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). The best results were obtained using the in-situ polymerization approach. The resulting nanocomposite films (both amide acid and imide), containing 3–8% by weight of organoclay, were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thin film tensile properties. A significant degree of dispersion was observed in the nanocomposite films of the amide acid and the imide. After thermal treatment of amide acid films to effect imidization, in both air and nitrogen, the films were visually darker than control films without clay and the level of clay dispersion appeared to have decreased. In the latter case, the separation between the layers of the clay decreased to a spacing less than that present in the original organoclay. These observations suggest that thermal degradation of the aliphatic quarternary ammonium cation occurred likely during thermal treatment to effect imidization and solvent removal. These thermal degradation effects were less pronounced when thermal treatment was performed under nitrogen. The polyimide/organoclay hybrid films exhibited higher room temperature tensile moduli and lower strength and elongation to break than the control films. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - POLYMERIZATION
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - Nanocomposites
KW  - Organoclay
KW  - Polyimide
N1  - Accession Number: 9098175; Delozier, D.M. 1 Orwoll, R.A. 1 Cahoon, J.F. 1 Johnston, N.J. 2 Smith Jr, J.G. 2 Connell, J.W. 2; Email Address: j.w.connell@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p813; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: POLYMERIZATION; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organoclay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fouke, Bruce W.
AU  - Zerkle, Aubrey L.
AU  - Alvarez, Walter
AU  - Pope, Kevin O.
AU  - OcampO, Adriana C.
AU  - Wachtman, Richard J.
AU  - Grajales Nishimura, Jose Manuel
AU  - Claeys, Phillipe
AU  - Fischer, Alfred G.
T1  - Cathodoluminescence petrography and isotope geochemistry of KT impact ejecta deposited 360 km from the Chicxulub crater, at Albion Island, Belize.
JO  - Sedimentology
JF  - Sedimentology
Y1  - 2002/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 138
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00370746
AB  - The depositional and diagenetic history of Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT) impact ejecta deposited 360 km from the Chicxulub crater, at Albion Island, Belize, has been investigated using integrated cathodoluminescence and isotopic analyses. A quarry exposes 26 m of Upper Cretaceous Barton Creek Formation dolomitized marine limestone overlain by 16 m of dolomitized Albion Formation impact ejecta. The Albion Formation consists of a lower fine-grained ≈1-m-thick spheroid bed and an upper 15-m-thick coarse conglomeratic diamictite bed. A 14-event paragenetic sequence has been documented and used as a temporal framework to interpret chemostratigraphic trends in bulk rock δ18 O, δ13 C and 87 Sr/86 Sr. The uppermost surface of the Barton Creek Formation was subaerially exposed before the KT impact, as indicated by a brecciated palaeosol that caps upsection decreases in δ13 C and δ18 O. Small 1-cm-diameter spheroids in the spheroid bed exhibit vermicular crystalline textures but lack the concentric zonations common to accretionary lapilli. These spheroids are hypothesized originally to have been impact glass or reactive Ca and Mg oxide dusts that adhered to water vapour particles condensing from the cooling impact vapour cloud. The spheroids were dolomitized soon after deposition. The earliest dolomitization in the matrix sediments of the Albion Formation was also post-depositional, replacing clays formed by devitrification of impact glass. Dolomite and clay 87 Sr/86 Sr exhibit a distinct symmetrical distribution in the spheroid bed ranging from 0·707745 to 0·707872. Although unproven, this may represent primary changes in the chemical composition of the impact glass. The limestone clasts in the diamictite bed were dolomitized before the KT impact and exhibit upsection decreases in bulk rock 87 Sr/86 Sr. This suggests that... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sedimentology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRETACEOUS-Paleogene boundary
KW  - STRUCTURAL geology
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - Carbonates
KW  - cathodoluminescence
KW  - Chicxulub
KW  - Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT) boundary event
KW  - Ejecta
KW  - isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 6281850; Fouke, Bruce W. 1 Zerkle, Aubrey L. 1 Alvarez, Walter 2 Pope, Kevin O. 3 OcampO, Adriana C. 4 Wachtman, Richard J. 1 Grajales Nishimura, Jose Manuel 5 Claeys, Phillipe 6 Fischer, Alfred G. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology, University of Illinois, 245 Natural History Building, 1301 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA (E-mail: fouke@uiuc.edu),  2: Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, 307 McCore Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,  3: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA,  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS183-601, 4800 Oak Grove, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Headquarters, Code SD, Washington, DC 20546, USA,  5: Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Eje Lazaro Cardenas #152, DFCP 07730, Mexico,  6: Department of Geology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium,  7: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California, 3651 University Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p117; Subject Term: CRETACEOUS-Paleogene boundary; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL geology; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbonates; Author-Supplied Keyword: cathodoluminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chicxulub; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT) boundary event; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ejecta; Author-Supplied Keyword: isotopes; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1365-3091.2002.00435.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banger, K.K.
AU  - Harris, J.D.
AU  - Cowen, J.E.
AU  - Hepp, A.F.
T1  - Facile modulation of single source precursors: the synthesis and characterization of single source precursors for deposition of ternary chalcopyrite materials
JO  - Thin Solid Films
JF  - Thin Solid Films
Y1  - 2002/02//
VL  - 403/404
M3  - Article
SP  - 390
SN  - 00406090
AB  - In this paper, the syntheses and thermal modulation of ternary single source precursors, based on the [{ER3}2Cu(YR′)2In(YR′)2] architecture in good yields are described (E=P, As, Sb; Y=S, Se, and R=alkyl, aryl). Most importantly, we have successfully prepared the first liquid CuInS2 (CIS) single source precursors, (when R=Bu, Y=S, and R′=Et, or Pr). These new compounds were utilized for spray chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of copper indium disulfide, an absorber layer for the fabrication of thin-film solar cells. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and Differential Scanning Caloriometry (DSC) demonstrate that controlled manipulation of the steric and electronic properties of either the group five donor and/or chalcogenide moiety permits directed adjustment of the thermal stability and physical properties of the precursor. Preliminary studies show that these derivatives produce CuInS2 thin-films at low temperature. X-Ray diffraction studies, EDS and SEM confirmed the formation of the single-phase CuInS2 thin-films. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin Solid Films is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - CHALCOPYRITE
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - Chalcopyrite
KW  - Chemical vapor deposition
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Thin film technology
N1  - Accession Number: 7747821; Banger, K.K. 1,2 Harris, J.D. 1,3 Cowen, J.E. 1,3 Hepp, A.F. 1; Email Address: aloysius.f.hepp@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Thin Film Technology Group, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 302-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 403/404, p390; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: CHALCOPYRITE; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chalcopyrite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin film technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212233 Copper-zinc ore mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212234 Copper Ore and Nickel Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mecerreyes, D.
AU  - Stevens, R.
AU  - Nguyen, C.
AU  - Pomposo, J.A.
AU  - Bengoetxea, M.
AU  - Grande, H.
T1  - Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole-graft-poly(<F>&epsiv;</F>-caprolactone) copolymers: new electrically conductive nanocomposites
JO  - Synthetic Metals
JF  - Synthetic Metals
Y1  - 2002/02/14/
VL  - 126
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 173
SN  - 03796779
AB  - A series of polypyrrole-graft-poly(<F>&epsiv;</F>-caprolactone) (PPy-g-PCL) copolymers have been synthesized via oxidative copolymerization of pyrrole and pyrrole-end functional macromonomers. Copolymerizations were carried out in tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C using FeCl3 as the oxidizing and doping agent. Poly(<F>&epsiv;</F>-caprolactone) rich copolymers (>85 wt.%) were partly soluble in common organic solvents, whereas polypyrrole-rich copolymers were completely insoluble. The composition of the PPy-g-PCL copolymers was determined by Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermal gravimetrical analysis (TGA). By controlling the monomer feed and molecular weight of the macromonomer, graft copolymers across a broad composition range were obtained. Both differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show that the PPy-g-PCL copolymers phase separate into PPy and PCL rich domains. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites increases with the amount of polypyrrole in the copolymer between the value of pure PCL (10−12 S/cm) and that of polypyrrole (10 S/cm). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the presence of nanophases (15–40 nm) and hence, the preparation of new nanomaterials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Synthetic Metals is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAFT copolymers
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - Graft copolymers
KW  - Nanocomposite
KW  - Polypyrrole
N1  - Accession Number: 7756834; Mecerreyes, D. 1,2; Email Address: nuevosmateriales@cidetec.es Stevens, R. 3 Nguyen, C. 3 Pomposo, J.A. 1 Bengoetxea, M. 1 Grande, H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Electrochemical Research and Development (Cidetec), Parque Tecnologico de Miramon, Paseo Mikeletegi 61,1, Donostia-San Sebastian 20009, Spain  2: IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 20160, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 126 Issue 2/3, p173; Subject Term: GRAFT copolymers; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graft copolymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polypyrrole; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shenoy, Devanand K.
AU  - Laurence Thomsen III, D.
AU  - Srinivasan, Amritha
AU  - Keller, Patrick
AU  - Ratna, Banahalli R.
T1  - Carbon coated liquid crystal elastomer film for artificial muscle applications
JO  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2002/02/28/
VL  - 96
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
SN  - 09244247
AB  - New liquid crystal elastomer materials with properties that mimic the action of a muscle have been developed recently. Uniaxial contraction of a free standing film of the material can be achieved by heating the film through the nematic to isotropic phase transition. In this paper, carbon coating of such a material is shown to be an effective approach for enhancing the response of a free standing elastomer film to an external stimulus. The heat is generated in the carbon coating by absorption of infrared laser radiation and then conducted through the bulk. It is shown that this leads to a significant reduction in the actuation response time without substantially affecting mechanical properties. This demonstration opens up new opportunities for application of liquid crystal elastomers as actuators. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASTIC films
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - Actuators
KW  - Carbon coating
KW  - Contraction/extension times
KW  - Liquid crystal elastomers
KW  - Mechanical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 7765513; Shenoy, Devanand K. 1; Email Address: dshenoy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil Laurence Thomsen III, D. 1 Srinivasan, Amritha 2 Keller, Patrick 3 Ratna, Banahalli R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch NASA Langley Research Center 6A W Taylor St, MS 226 Hampton VA 23681-0001, USA  2: Geo-Centers, Inc., Seven Wells Avenue, Newton Centre MA 02159, USA  3: Naval Research Laboratory, Geo-Centers, Inc., Seven Wells Avenue, Newton Centre MA 02159, USA; Source Info: Feb2002, Vol. 96 Issue 2/3, p184; Subject Term: PLASTIC films; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contraction/extension times; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid crystal elastomers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326112 Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326113 Unlaminated Plastics Film and Sheet (except Packaging) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326114 Plastic film and sheet manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wasfy, Tamer M.
AU  - Noor, Ahmed K.
T1  - Rule-based natural-language interface for virtual environments
JO  - Advances in Engineering Software
JF  - Advances in Engineering Software
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
SN  - 09659978
AB  - A hierarchical rule-based natural-language interface (NLI) for object-oriented virtual environment (VE) toolkits is described. The NLI allows modifying the properties of existing objects, as well as creating new objects in the VE using near-natural language speech. The rules are organized in a tree hierarchy with each rule branching to a ‘group of rules’. Each tree-branch forms a possible user''s command. Each rule generates global variables, which can be accessed by rules down the branch in order to formulate an appropriate action for the command. The action consists of a set of script commands that are sent to the VE. Also, the NLI maintains a state that allows it to respond to a command in the context of the previous command that the user issued. The hierarchical NLI exploits the object-oriented data structure of the VE toolkit by using three main levels of rules, namely, object, property, and action rules. The NLI can run on a remote computer and is linked to the computer running the VE via a network socket connection. The application of the NLI to the visualization of computational fluid dynamics results in a virtual wind tunnel is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Engineering Software is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RULE-based programming
KW  - NATURAL language processing (Computer science)
KW  - OBJECT-oriented programming (Computer science)
KW  - Artificial intelligence
KW  - Expert systems
KW  - Natural language recognition
KW  - Object-oriented software
KW  - Virtual environments
KW  - Virtual reality
KW  - Visual simulation
KW  - Voice recognition
N1  - Accession Number: 7756313; Wasfy, Tamer M. 1 Noor, Ahmed K. 2; Email Address: a.k.noor@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Science and Automation Corporation, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Center for Advanced Engineering Environments, Old Dominion University, Mail Stop 201, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2002, Vol. 33 Issue 3, p155; Subject Term: RULE-based programming; Subject Term: NATURAL language processing (Computer science); Subject Term: OBJECT-oriented programming (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial intelligence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expert systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Natural language recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Object-oriented software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual reality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voice recognition; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pahr, D.H.
AU  - Arnold, S.M.
T1  - The applicability of the generalized method of cells for analyzing discontinuously reinforced composites
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
SN  - 13598368
AB  - The paper begins with a short overview of the recent work done in the field of discontinuous reinforced composites, focusing on the different parameters which influence the material behavior of discontinuous reinforced composites, as well as the various analysis approaches undertaken. Based on this overview it became evident, that in order to investigate the enumerated effects in an efficient and comprehensive manner, an alternative approach to the computationally intensive finite-element based micro-mechanics approach is required. Therefore an investigation is conducted to demonstrate the utility of utilizing the generalized method of cells (GMC), a semi-analytical micromechanics-based approach, to simulate the elastic and elastoplastic material behavior of aligned short fiber composites. The results are compared with: (1) simulations using other micromechanical based mean field models and finite element (FE) unit cell models found in the literature given elastic material behavior, as well as (2) FE unit cell and a new semi-analytical elastoplastic shear lag model in the inelastic range. GMC is shown to definitely have a window of applicability when simulating discontinuously reinforced composite material behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - A. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs)
KW  - C. Micro-mechanics
KW  - Elastic
N1  - Accession Number: 7755970; Pahr, D.H. 1 Arnold, S.M. 2; Email Address: s.arnold@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Lightweight Structures and Aerospace Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria  2: Life Prediction Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2002, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p153; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Metal-matrix composites (MMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Micro-mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alam, Mohammad F.
AU  - Atiquzzaman, Mohammed
AU  - Duncan, Bradley D.
AU  - Nguyen, Hung
AU  - Kunath, Richard
T1  - Fibre-optic network architectures for on-board digital avionics signal distribution.
JO  - International Journal of Communication Systems
JF  - International Journal of Communication Systems
Y1  - 2002/03//Mar/Apr2002
VL  - 15
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 175
EP  - 190
SN  - 10745351
AB  - Continued progress in both civil and military radio-frequency (RF) digital avionics applications is overstressing the capabilities and reliability of existing RF communication networks based on coaxial cables on board modern aircrafts. Future avionics systems will require high-bandwidth on-board communication links that are lightweight, immune to electromagnetic interference, and highly reliable. Fibre-optic networks can meet all these challenges in a cost-effective manner. Recently, on-board fibre-optic communication systems, where a fibre-optic network acts like a local area network (LAN) for digital data communications, have become a topic of extensive research and development. However, modern digital avionics systems require a system capable of transporting microwave and millimeter-wave RF signals that carry digital data on board an aircraft. Such optical networks transporting RF signals are completely different from the digital fibre-optic communication systems. Recent advances in optoelectronics technology, including linear optoelectronic devices and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), have opened a number of possibilities for designing on-board fibre-optic networks, including all-optical networks for digital avionics RF signal communication. The objective of this paper is to present a number of optical network architectures for transmitting RF signals carrying digital data in an aircraft. In this paper, we investigate a number of different approaches, including all optical architectures, for building an optical network using fibre-optic transmission of on-board VHF and UHF RF signals. The relative merits and demerits of the network architectures are discussed, and the suitability of the architectures for particular applications is presented. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Communication Systems is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER optics
KW  - OPTICAL fibers
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - LOCAL area networks (Computer networks)
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - aircraft signal distribution
KW  - avionics signal distribution
KW  - fibre-optic communications
KW  - optical network design
KW  - radar signal distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 13439666; Alam, Mohammad F. 1 Atiquzzaman, Mohammed 2; Email Address: atiq@ou.edu Duncan, Bradley D. 3 Nguyen, Hung 4 Kunath, Richard 4; Affiliation:  1: Lucent Technologies, 555 Union Boulevard, Allentown, PA 18109-3286, U.S.A.  2: School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019-6151, U.S.A.  3: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-0226, U.S.A.  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, U.S.A.; Source Info: Mar/Apr2002, Vol. 15 Issue 2/3, p175; Subject Term: FIBER optics; Subject Term: OPTICAL fibers; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: LOCAL area networks (Computer networks); Subject Term: COMPUTER networks; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft signal distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: avionics signal distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: fibre-optic communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical network design; Author-Supplied Keyword: radar signal distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 15 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/dac.526
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
T1  - Towards accurate ab initio predictions of the vibrational spectrum of methane
JO  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 849
SN  - 13861425
AB  - We have carried out extensive ab initio calculations of the electronic structure of methane, and these results are used to compute vibrational energy levels. We include basis set extrapolations, core–valence correlation, relativistic effects, and Born–Oppenheimer breakdown terms in our calculations. Our ab initio predictions of the lowest lying levels are superb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - METHANE
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - Born–Oppenheimer approximation
KW  - Methane
KW  - Vibrational spectrum
N1  - Accession Number: 7771343; Schwenke, David W. 1; Email Address: schwenke@pegasus.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2002, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p849; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Born–Oppenheimer approximation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrational spectrum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaban, Galina M.
AU  - Gerber, R. Benny
T1  - Ab initio calculations of anharmonic vibrational spectroscopy for hydrogen fluoride (HF)n (n=3, 4) and mixed hydrogen fluoride/water (HF)n(H2O)n (n=1, 2, 4) clusters
JO  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2002/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 887
SN  - 13861425
AB  - Anharmonic vibrational frequencies and intensities are computed for hydrogen fluoride clusters (HF)n with n=3, 4 and mixed clusters of hydrogen fluoride with water (HF)n(H2O)n where n=1, 2. For the (HF)4(H2O)4 complex, the vibrational spectra are calculated at the harmonic level, and anharmonic effects are estimated. Potential energy surfaces for these systems are obtained at the MP2/TZP level of electronic structure theory. Vibrational states are calculated from the potential surface points using the correlation-corrected vibrational self-consistent field method. The method accounts for the anharmonicities and couplings between all vibrational modes and provides fairly accurate anharmonic vibrational spectra that can be directly compared with experimental results without a need for empirical scaling. For (HF)n, good agreement is found with experimental data. This agreement shows that the Møller–Plesset (MP2) potential surfaces for these systems are reasonably reliable. The accuracy is best for the stiff intramolecular modes, which indicates the validity of MP2 in describing coupling between intramolecular and intermolecular degrees of freedom. For (HF)n(H2O)n experimental results are unavailable. The computed intramolecular frequencies show a strong dependence on cluster size. Intensity features are predicted for future experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - HYDROGEN fluoride
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - Anharmonic vibrational spectroscopy
KW  - Hydrogen fluoride
KW  - Potential energy surface
N1  - Accession Number: 7771346; Chaban, Galina M. 1; Email Address: chaban@pegasus.arc.nasa.gov Gerber, R. Benny 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  3: Department of Physical Chemistry and The Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Source Info: Mar2002, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p887; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: HYDROGEN fluoride; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anharmonic vibrational spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen fluoride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Potential energy surface; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Rosi, Marzio
T1  - Mechanisms for the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) cations
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2002/03/25/
VL  - 355
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
SN  - 00092614
AB  - The barriers and heats of reaction for the conversion of benzene cation to naphthalene cation by acetylene additions using the B3LYP/6-31G* approach are reported. The barrierless path we previously reported, using the B3LYP/4-31G approach, is shown to be incorrect. New paths for the ring formation are shown to have low barriers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - NAPHTHALENE
KW  - BENZENE
N1  - Accession Number: 7773191; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: bauschli@pegasus.arc.nasa.gov Ricca, Alessandra 1 Rosi, Marzio 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Space Technology Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, CNR Center for High Performance Computing in Molecular Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia 06123, Italy; Source Info: Mar2002, Vol. 355 Issue 1/2, p159; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: NAPHTHALENE; Subject Term: BENZENE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghidella, Marta E.
AU  - Yáñez, Gonzalo
AU  - LaBrecque, John L.
T1  - Revised tectonic implications for the magnetic anomalies of the western Weddell Sea
JO  - Tectonophysics
JF  - Tectonophysics
Y1  - 2002/03/29/
VL  - 347
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
SN  - 00401951
AB  - Ten years after the USAC (U.S.–Argentina–Chile) Project, which was the most comprehensive aeromagnetic effort in the Antarctic Peninsula and surrounding ocean basins, questions remain regarding the kinematics of the early opening history of the Weddell Sea. Key elements in this complex issue are a better resolution of the magnetic sequence in the western part of the Weddell Sea and merging the USAC data set with the other magnetic data sets in the region. For this purpose we reprocessed the USAC data set using a continuation between arbitrary surfaces and equivalent magnetic sources. The equivalent sources are located at a smooth crustal surface derived from the existing bathymetry/topography and depths estimated by magnetic inversions. The most critical area processed was the transition between the high altitude survey over the Antarctic Peninsula and the low altitude survey over the Weddell Sea that required downward continuation to equalize the distance to the magnetic source. This procedure was performed with eigenvalue analysis to stabilize the equivalent magnetic source inversion.The enhancement of the Mesozoic sequence permits refining the interpretation of the seafloor-spreading anomalies. In particular, the change in shape and wavelength of an elongated positive in the central Weddell Sea suggests that it was formed during the Cretaceous Normal Polarity Interval. The older lineations in the southwestern Weddell Sea are tentatively attributed to susceptibility contrasts modeled as fracture zones. Numerical experimentation to adjust synthetic isochrons to seafloor-spreading lineations and flow lines to fracture zones yields stage poles for the opening of the Weddell Sea since 160 Ma to anomaly 34 time. The corresponding reconstructions look reasonable within the known constraints for the motions of the Antarctic and South America plates. However, closure is not attained between 160 and 118 Ma if independent published East Antarctica–Africa–South America rotations are considered. The lack of closure may be overcome by considering relative motion between the Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctica until 118 Ma time, an important component of convergence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tectonophysics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - WEDDELL Sea (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Fracture zone
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Magnetics
KW  - Seafloor spreading
KW  - Weddell Sea
N1  - Accession Number: 7804111; Ghidella, Marta E. 1; Email Address: mghidella@mail.abaconet.com.ar Yáñez, Gonzalo 2; Email Address: goyanez@geodatos.cl LaBrecque, John L. 3; Email Address: jlabrecq@hq.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Instituto Antártico Argentino, Cerrito 1248, (1010) Buenos Aires, Argentina  2: Geodatos S.A.I.C., Román Dıaz 773, Santiago, Chile  3: Solid Earth and Natural Hazards Program, Codes YS/YO, Office of Earth Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA; Source Info: Mar2002, Vol. 347 Issue 1-3, p65; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Subject Term: WEDDELL Sea (Antarctica); Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture zone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seafloor spreading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weddell Sea; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kab Seok Kang
AU  - Do Young Kwak
T1  - Covolume method for new nonconforming rectangle element for the Stokes problem
JO  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
JF  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Y1  - 2002/04//
VL  - 43
IS  - 8/9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1063
SN  - 08981221
AB  - We analyze a covolume method based on the new nonconforming element introduced by Douglas et al. [1]. We show the H1 optimal order convergence of the scheme for Stokes problem and study the hybrid domain decomposition procedure for this covolume scheme. The numerical experiment shows that the covolume scheme is somewhat better than finite element scheme in the computation of pressure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Mathematics with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DECOMPOSITION method (Mathematics)
KW  - Covolume method
KW  - Hybrid domain decomposition method
KW  - Nonconforming mixed finite element method
KW  - Stokes problems
N1  - Accession Number: 8595222; Kab Seok Kang 1,2 Do Young Kwak 3; Email Address: dykwak@math.kaist.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon 305-701, Korea  2: ICASE Mail Stop 132C, NASA Langley Research Center 3 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, U.S.A.  3: Department of Mathematics, KAIST Taejon 305-701, Korea; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 43 Issue 8/9, p1063; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION method (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Covolume method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid domain decomposition method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonconforming mixed finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stokes problems; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Geballe, Thomas R.
AU  - Owen, Tobias C.
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina M.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Lewis, John H.
T1  - Search for the 3.4-μm C–H Spectral Bands on Low-Albedo Asteroids
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2002/04//
VL  - 156
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
SN  - 00191035
AB  - A report of the detection of the C–H hydrocarbon band complex at 3.4 μm in an asteroid spectrum, by D. P. Cruikshank and R. H. Brown (1987, Science238, 183–184) is not confirmed by recent data of higher quality. Spectra of the same asteroid and six other low-albedo asteroids do not show this feature, which if present would indicate the presence of hydrocarbons and might link these asteroids with certain classes of carbonaceous meteorites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - asteroid surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 7928213; Cruikshank, Dale P. Geballe, Thomas R. Owen, Tobias C. Dalle Ore, Cristina M. Roush, Ted L. 1 Brown, Robert H. Lewis, John H.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California, 94035-1000; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 156 Issue 2, p434; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroid surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1006/icar.2001.6810
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Pope, Alan T.
AU  - Freeman, Frederick G.
T1  - Physiological Self-Regulation and Adaptive Automation.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2002/04//
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 196
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Adaptive automation has been proposed as a solution to current problems of human-automation interaction. Past research has shown the potential of this advanced form of automation to enhance pilot engagement and lower cognitive workload. However, there have been concerns voiced regarding issues, such as automation surprises, associated with the use of adaptive automation. This study examined the use of psychophysiological self-regulation training with adaptive automation that may help pilots deal with these problems through the enhancement of cognitive resource management skills. Eighteen participants were assigned to 3 groups (self-regulation training, false feedback, and control) and performed resource management, monitoring, and tracking tasks from the Multiple Attribute Task Battery. The tracking task was cycled between 3 levels of task difficulty (automatic, adaptive aiding, manual) on the basis of the electroencephalogram-derived engagement index. The other two tasks remained in automatic mode that had a single automation failure. Those participants who had received self-regulation training performed significantly better and reported lower National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index scores than participants in the false feedback and control groups. The theoretical and practical implications of these results for adaptive automation are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 7195807; Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 1 Pope, Alan T. 1 Freeman, Frederick G. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center  2: Old Dominion University; Source Info: 2002, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p179; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garg, Vijay K.
T1  - Heat transfer research on gas turbine airfoils at NASA GRC
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2002/04//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 109
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - The turbine gas path is a very complex flow field due to a variety of flow and heat transfer phenomena encountered in turbine passages. This manuscript provides an overview of the current work in this field at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). Based on the author''s preference, however, more emphasis is on the computational work. There is much more experimental work in progress at GRC than that reported here. Specifically, the external flow and heat transfer characteristics are described over smooth and rough turbine blades for a range of parameter values. For smooth blades, the effect of film-cooling holes as well as internal cooling channels with ribs and bleed holes is considered. Studies on the blade tip region, susceptible to burnout and oxidation due to high thermal loading, are also described. Wherever possible, predictions of heat transfer coefficient on the real blade surface, obtained using in-house-developed codes, are compared with the available experimental data. Suggestions for further work are outlined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - GAS-turbine automobiles
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - Blade tip
KW  - Film cooling
KW  - Gas turbine heat transfer
KW  - Internal cooling channel
KW  - Rough blade
N1  - Accession Number: 7771012; Garg, Vijay K. 1; Email Address: vijay.garg@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: AYT Research Corporation, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 5-11, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p109; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: GAS-turbine automobiles; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blade tip; Author-Supplied Keyword: Film cooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas turbine heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Internal cooling channel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rough blade; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cleek, Tammy M.
AU  - Whalen, Robert T.
T1  - Cross-sectional structural parameters from densitometry
JO  - Journal of Biomechanics
JF  - Journal of Biomechanics
Y1  - 2002/04//
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 511
SN  - 00219290
AB  - Bone densitometry has previously been used to obtain cross-sectional properties of bone from a single X-ray projection across the bone width. Using three unique projections, we have extended the method to obtain the principal area moments of inertia and orientations of the principal axes at each scan cross-section along the length of the scan. Various aluminum phantoms were used to examine scanner characteristics to develop the highest accuracy possible for in vitro non-invasive analysis of cross-sectional properties. Factors considered included X-ray photon energy, initial scan orientation, the angle spanned by the three scans (included angle), and <f>Imin/Imax</f> ratios. Principal moments of inertia were accurate to within ±3.1% and principal angles were within ±1° of the expected value for phantoms scanned with included angles of 60° and 90° at the higher X-ray photon energy (140 kVp). Low standard deviations in the error (0.68–1.84%) also indicate high precision of calculated measurements with these included angles. Accuracy and precision decreased slightly when the included angle was reduced to 30°. The method was then successfully applied to a pair of excised cadaveric tibiae. The accuracy and insensitivity of the algorithms to cross-sectional shape and changing isotropy (<f>Imin/Imax</f>) values when various included angles are used make this technique viable for future in vivo studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BONE densitometry
KW  - MOMENTS of inertia
KW  - TIBIA
KW  - Bone geometry
KW  - Moment of inertia
KW  - Tibia
KW  - X-ray absorptiometry
N1  - Accession Number: 7774701; Cleek, Tammy M.; Email Address: tcleek@mail.arc.nasa.gov Whalen, Robert T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Laboratory, NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p511; Subject Term: BONE densitometry; Subject Term: MOMENTS of inertia; Subject Term: TIBIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone geometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moment of inertia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tibia; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray absorptiometry; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tai, H.
AU  - Rogowski, R.
T1  - Optical anisotropy induced by torsion and bending in an optical fiber
JO  - Optical Fiber Technology
JF  - Optical Fiber Technology
Y1  - 2002/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
SN  - 10685200
AB  - Optical anisotropy in an optical fiber under the influence of torsion and bending stress is examined. The optical properties of the optical fiber in terms of indices of refraction and principal axes of the optical indicatrix are discussed. The additional bending stress broke the radial symmetry dependence of the optical principal indicatrix imposed by torsion stress alone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Fiber Technology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL fibers
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - TORSION
N1  - Accession Number: 8507258; Tai, H.; Email Address: h.tai@larc.nasa.gov Rogowski, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p162; Subject Term: OPTICAL fibers; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: TORSION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Nengli
AU  - Chao, David F.
T1  - A new laser shadowgraphy method for measurements of dynamic contact angle and simultaneous flow visualization in a sessile drop
JO  - Optics & Laser Technology
JF  - Optics & Laser Technology
Y1  - 2002/04//
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
SN  - 00303992
AB  - A new laser shadowgraphy method is presented to measure the dynamic contact angle of a sessile drop on a nontransparent metal substrate and simultaneously visualize flow motions inside the drop. A collimated laser beam is refracted into the drop, then reflected on the substrate surface and finally refracted out of the drop to form a shadowgraphic image on a screen. The instant diameters of the refracted-shadowgraphic image, cooperated with the corresponding instant contact-diameters of the drop measured from the magnified top view, are used to determine the instant contact angles of the sessile drop. At the same time, flow motions, if any, in the drop can be visualized from the refracted-shadowgraphic image. The new method is demonstrated to be a very simple, accurate, and unique optical technique for simultaneous measuring of the dynamic contact angle of a liquid drop spreading on a nontransparent metal substrate with flow visualization in the drop. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Optics & Laser Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHADOWGRAPH photography
KW  - LASERS
KW  - CONTACT angle
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - Contact angle
KW  - Flow visualization
KW  - Laser shadowgraphy
N1  - Accession Number: 7777928; Zhang, Nengli; Email Address: nzhang@grc.nasa.gov Chao, David F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Microgravity Science Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p243; Subject Term: SHADOWGRAPH photography; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: CONTACT angle; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser shadowgraphy; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Mau-Tsuen
AU  - Gandhi, Tarak
AU  - Kasturi, Rangachar
AU  - Coraor, Lee
AU  - Camps, Octavia
AU  - McCandless, Jeffrey
T1  - Real-Time Implementation of Obstacle Detection Algorithms on a Datacube MaxPCI Architecture
JO  - Real-Time Imaging
JF  - Real-Time Imaging
Y1  - 2002/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
SN  - 10772014
AB  - The high-speed civil transport (HSCT) aircraft has been designed with limited cockpit visibility. To handle this, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has proposed an external visibility system (XVS) to aid pilots in overcoming this lack of visibility. XVS obtains video images using high-resolution cameras mounted on and directed outside the aircraft. Images captured by the XVS enable automatic computer analysis in real-time, and thereby alert pilots about potential flight path hazards. Thus, the system is useful in helping pilots avoid air collisions. In this study, a system was configured to capture image sequences from an on-board high-resolution digital camera at a live video rate, record the images into a high-speed disk array through a fiber channel, and process the images using a Datacube MaxPCI machine with multiple pipelined processors to perform real-time obstacle detection. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of this computer vision system. Using this system, real-time obstacle detection was performed and digital image data were obtained successfully in flight tests conducted at NASA Langley Research Center in January and September 1999. The system is described in detail so that other researchers can easily replicate the work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Real-Time Imaging is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - VISIBILITY
N1  - Accession Number: 8510523; Yang, Mau-Tsuen 1 Gandhi, Tarak 2 Kasturi, Rangachar 2 Coraor, Lee 2 Camps, Octavia 2 McCandless, Jeffrey 3; Affiliation:  1: Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan<fn id="f1"><no>f1</no>mtyang@mail.ndhu.edu.tw</fn>  2: Computer Science & Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, USA<fn id="f2"><no>f2</no>tarak_gandhi@hotmail.com</fn><fn id="f3"><no>f3</no>kasturi@cse.psu.edu</fn><fn id="f4"><no>f4</no>coraor@cse.psu.edu</fn><fn id="f5"><no>f5</no>camps@cse.psu.edu</fn>  3: Human Information Processing Research Branch, NASA Ames research Center, USA<fn id="f6"><no>f6</no>jmccandless@mail.arc.nasa.gov</fn>; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p157; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: VISIBILITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1006/rtim.2001.0272
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Makoshi, K.
AU  - Mingo, N.
T1  - Theory of inelastic scanning tunneling spectroscopy
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2002/04/10/
VL  - 502/503
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
SN  - 00396028
AB  - A theory of inelastic scanning tunneling spectroscopy at <f>T=0</f> K and results of its application to C<f>2</f>H<f>2</f>/Cu and CO/Cu are presented. Results of differential conductance show interesting interference effects, which determines the possible observation of each mode. Also considered is the relation between inelastic fraction of conductance and relaxation rate of adsorbate vibrations due to electron–hole pair excitations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCANNING tunneling microscopy
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - COPPER
KW  - Copper
KW  - Scanning tunneling spectroscopies
KW  - Vibrations of adsorbed molecules
N1  - Accession Number: 7782020; Makoshi, K. 1,2; Email Address: makoshi@sci.himeji-tech.ac.jp Mingo, N. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Science, Himeji Institute of Technology, Kamigori, Ako-gun 678-1297, Hyogo, Japan  2: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Mikazuki, Sayo-gun 679-5148, Japan  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 27A-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 502/503, p34; Subject Term: SCANNING tunneling microscopy; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: COPPER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning tunneling spectroscopies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrations of adsorbed molecules; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Litvin, Faydor L.
AU  - Fuentes, Alfonso
AU  - Zanzi, Claudio
AU  - Pontiggia, Matteo
AU  - Handschuh, Robert F.
T1  - Face-gear drive with spur involute pinion: geometry, generation by a worm, stress analysis
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2002/04/12/
VL  - 191
IS  - 25/26
M3  - Article
SP  - 2785
SN  - 00457825
AB  - A face-gear drive with a spur involute pinion is considered. The generation of the face gear is based on application of a grinding or cutting worm whereas the conventional method of generation is based on application of an involute shaper. The authors have developed an analytical approach for determination of: (i) the worm thread surface, (ii) avoidance of singularities of the worm thread surface, (iii) dressing of the worm, and (iv) determination of stresses of the face-gear drive. A computer program is developed for simulation of meshing and contact of the pinion and face gear. Correction of machine-tool settings is proposed for reduction of the shift of the bearing contact caused by misalignment. An automatic development of the model of five contacting teeth has been proposed for stress analysis. Numerical examples for illustration of the developed theory are provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEARING
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - INVOLUTES (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 7775573; Litvin, Faydor L. 1 Fuentes, Alfonso 2; Email Address: alfonso.fuentes@upct.es Zanzi, Claudio 1 Pontiggia, Matteo 1 Handschuh, Robert F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Gear Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7022, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Cartagena, Campus Universitario Muralla del Mar C/Doctor Fleming, s/n, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain  3: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 191 Issue 25/26, p2785; Subject Term: GEARING; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: INVOLUTES (Mathematics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333612 Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dudley, M.
AU  - Vetter, W.M.
AU  - Neudeck, P.G.
T1  - Polytype identification in heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC grown on 4H-SiC mesas using synchrotron white beam X-ray topography
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2002/04/15/
VL  - 240
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Synchrotron white beam X-ray topography (SWBXT), post-oxidation color mapping, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used to study the defect and polytype distribution in a thin film grown on mesas structures on part of a 4H-SiC crystal subjected to a non-optimal version of the previously reported [Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000) 1449] procedure for achieving atomic flatness. This combination of techniques was used to provide confirmation that atomic flatness could only be achieved on mesas containing no screw dislocations. It was also found that the vast majority of the atomically flat mesas were of small size as expected since the probability of a screw dislocation threading a mesa is proportional to its area. For these small mesas, either no 3C-SiC nucleation or complete coverage by one or other of the 3C variants was observed. In mesas containing screw dislocations, mostly those of larger size, either no 3C nucleation or partial coverage by single or double phase 3C was observed. In contrast to our previous observations of on-axis mesa samples grown under different conditions in which polytypes such as 15R were observed [J. Phys. D 28 (1995) A56; in: L. Terminello, N. Shinn, G. Ice, K. D’Amico, D. Perry (Eds.), Applications of Synchrotron Radiation Techniques to Materials Science, Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 375 (1995) 327] no polytypes other than 4H, 3C(I) and 3C(II) were detected anywhere on this wafer. In the absence of the stacking sequence template provided by the risers of steps (whether from screw dislocations or offcut angle), this data indicates that no other polytype forms but 3C under these growth conditions. This study indicates that combined use of SWBXT in back-reflection and forward-reflection geometry, post-oxidation color mapping, AFM and SEM, is ideally suited for detailed microstructural and structural mapping in SiC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - THIN films
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - A1. Defects
KW  - A1. X-ray topography
KW  - A2. Growth from vapor
KW  - A2. Single crystal growth
KW  - B2. Semiconducting silicon carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 7797055; Dudley, M. 1; Email Address: michael.dudley@sunysb.edu Vetter, W.M. 1 Neudeck, P.G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York (SUNY), Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 240 Issue 1/2, p22; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. X-ray topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: A2. Growth from vapor; Author-Supplied Keyword: A2. Single crystal growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. Semiconducting silicon carbide; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abel, Phillip
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Calculation of thermal expansion coefficients of pure elements and their alloys
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2002/04/25/
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 557
SN  - 13596462
AB  - A simple algorithm for computing the coefficient of thermal expansion of pure elements and their alloys, based on features of the binding energy curve, is introduced. The BFS method for alloys is used to determine the binding energy curves of intermetallic alloys and Ni-base superalloys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - Alloys
KW  - Aluminium
KW  - Copper
KW  - Intermetallics
KW  - Nickel
KW  - Quantum approximate methods
KW  - Thermal expansion
N1  - Accession Number: 9097259; Abel, Phillip 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Mail Stop 23-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Apr2002, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p557; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermetallics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum approximate methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal expansion; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kiris, Cetin
AU  - Kwak, Dochan
T1  - Aspects of unsteady incompressible flow simulations
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2002/05//
VL  - 31
IS  - 4-7
M3  - Article
SP  - 627
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Since unsteady incompressible flow simulations involving complex geometry require long computing times, it is crucial to select computationally efficient solvers. For this purpose, two numerical procedures, one based on artificial compressibility and the other pressure projection method, are investigated for obtaining time-accurate solutions of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The performance of the two methods is compared by obtaining unsteady solutions for the evolution of twin vortices behind a flat plate. Calculated results are compared with experimental and other numerical results. For an unsteady flow, which requires small physical time step, the pressure projection method was found to be computationally efficient since it does not require a subiteration procedure. It was also observed that the artificial compressibility method requires a fast convergence scheme at each physical time step in order to satisfy the incompressibility condition. This was obtained by employing a GMRES-ILU(0) solver in the artificial compressibility solver. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 8799564; Kiris, Cetin; Email Address: ckiris@mail.arc.nasa.gov Kwak, Dochan 1; Email Address: dkwak@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 31 Issue 4-7, p627; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubin, S.G.
AU  - Celestina, M.L.
AU  - Srinivasan, K.
T1  - Adaptive and fixed segmented domain decomposition multigrid procedures for internal viscous flows
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2002/05//
VL  - 31
IS  - 4-7
M3  - Article
SP  - 787
SN  - 00457930
AB  - A segmented domain decomposition multigrid procedure is reviewed. The methodology is outlined for both an adaptive formulation applied primarily to inlet, nozzle and duct flows, and for a fixed, predetermined, subdomain formulation applied for turbomachinery geometries. The procedure has been considered for both low and high speed flows in two- and three-dimensions, and for laminar and turbulent-model applications. With these procedures, the grids remain uniform in each subdomain; although the global grid appears to be highly stretched. This formulation allows for computations with a high degree of accuracy and grid independence at reasonable computer cost. This is generally not possible to replicate with full domain multigrid procedures on stretched grids with large cell aspect ratio. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 8799573; Rubin, S.G. 1; Email Address: srubin@uceng.uc.edu Celestina, M.L. 1,2 Srinivasan, K. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: University of Cincinnati, ASE/EM, P.O. Box 210070, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0070, USA  2: AP Solutions Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: DaimlerChrysler Corporation, Auburn Hills, MI 48326, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 31 Issue 4-7, p787; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Chant, L.J.
AU  - Seidel, J.A.
T1  - Multiple stream superposition of a two-stream combined analytical numerical initial value problem solver for aerodynamic mixing
JO  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
JF  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Y1  - 2002/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1451
SN  - 08981221
AB  - In spite of the rapid advances in both scalar and parallel computational flow simulation tools, the large number and breadth of variables involved in both design and inverse problems make the use of complex fluid flow models impractical. With this restriction, it may be concluded that an important family of methods for mathematical/computational development are reduced or approximate models. An approximate model for two stream mix problems utilizing a combined perturbation/numerical modelling methodology has been developed [1]. The numerical portion of the model uses a compact finite difference scheme, while analytical solutions are used to resolve singular behavior that is inherent to this flow. Approximate representation of the flow in terms of flux variables yields a linear transport operator, thus facilitating the additive decomposition of the solution into numerical and analytical portions. Additionally, linearity permits superposition of the basic two-stream initial value problem to construct multiple stream mixing problems. Multiple stream results are presented to illustrate the efficiency of this methodology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Mathematics with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MIXING
KW  - SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Aerodynamic mixing
KW  - Combined analytical/numerical method
KW  - Ejector nozzle.
KW  - Multiple stream superposition
N1  - Accession Number: 8563046; De Chant, L.J. 1; Email Address: dechants@earthlink.net Seidel, J.A. 2; Email Address: seidel@whirlwind.grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Analytic Entrainment LLC, 1541 Summit Hills Dr. Albuquerque, NM 87112, U.S.A.  2: Propulsion Systems Analysis Office, NASA Glenn Research Center 13000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, U.S.A.; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 43 Issue 10/11, p1451; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MIXING; Subject Term: SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerodynamic mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combined analytical/numerical method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ejector nozzle.; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple stream superposition; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abrahamson, John
AU  - Marshall, John
T1  - Permanent electric dipoles on gas-suspended particles and the production of filamentary aggregates
JO  - Journal of Electrostatics
JF  - Journal of Electrostatics
Y1  - 2002/05//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
SN  - 03043886
AB  - The shape of an aggregate of particles is the result of the forces acting in its formation, and in turn strongly influences the properties of the aggregate. In this paper we investigate the forces acting on particles in the gas phase to form extended chains. Electrical charge on the particles is normally invoked to explain these chains, in the form of charges of opposite sign on different particles, and dipoles induced by imposed electric fields. We emphasize another possibility; permanent electric dipoles composed of separated persistent charges of opposite sign on the same particle. We discuss (a) contact charging for micron sized dielectric particles and (b) chemical charging during growth of oxide layers on metal nanoparticles, noting experimental evidence supporting the existence of dipoles. A mapping of different aggregate forms from dipolar particles has been attempted, including magnetic and electrical dipoles, taking account of concentration, dipole strength and time, all in dimensionless form. Turbulent diffusion is found important with flow situations. Aggregation of dipole particle chains into ball-like objects is mentioned with respect to ball lightning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Electrostatics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - ELECTRIC charge & distribution
KW  - Ball aggregation
KW  - Metal oxidation
KW  - Particle chains
KW  - Permanent electric dipoles
KW  - Triboelectrification
N1  - Accession Number: 7762455; Abrahamson, John 1; Email Address: j.abrahamson@cape.canterbury.ac.nz Marshall, John 2; Email Address: jmarshall@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Chemical and Process Engineering Department, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 1, New Zealand  2: SETI Institute, MS 239-12, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p43; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: ELECTRIC charge & distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ball aggregation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle chains; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permanent electric dipoles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triboelectrification; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
T1  - Charge generation and propagation in igneous rocks
JO  - Journal of Geodynamics
JF  - Journal of Geodynamics
Y1  - 2002/05//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 543
SN  - 02643707
AB  - Various electrical phenomena have been reported prior to or concurrent with earthquakes such as resistivity changes, ground potentials, electromagnetic (EM), and luminous signals. Doubts have been raised as to whether some of these phenomena are real and indeed precursory. One of the reasons for uncertainty is that, despite decades of intense work, there is still no physically coherent model. Using low- to medium-velocity impacts to measure electrical signals with microsecond time resolution, it has now been observed that when dry gabbro and diorite cores are impacted at relatively low velocities, ∼100 m/s, highly mobile charge carriers are generated in a small volume near the impact point. They spread through the rocks, causing electric potentials exceeding +400 mV, EM, and light emission. As the charge cloud spreads, the rock becomes momentarily conductive. When a dry granite block is impacted at higher velocity, ∼1.5 km/s, the propagation of the P and S waves is registered through the transient piezoelectric response of quartz. After the sound waves have passed, the surface of the granite block becomes positively charged, suggesting the same charge carriers as observed during the low-velocity impact experiments, expanding from within the bulk. During the next 2–3 ms the surface potential oscillates, indicating pulses of electrons injected from ground and contact electrodes. The observations are consistent with positive holes, e.g. defect electrons in the O2− sublattice, traveling via the O 2p-dominated valence band of the silicate minerals. Before activation, the positive holes lay dormant in the form of electrically inactive positive hole pairs (PHP), chemically equivalent to peroxy links, O3X/OO\XO3, with X=Si4+, Al3+, etc. PHPs are introduced into the minerals by way of hydroxyl, O3X–OH, which all nominally anhydrous minerals incorporate when crystallizing in H2O-laden environments. The fact that positive holes can be activated by low-energy impacts, and their attendant sound waves, suggests that they can also be activated by microfracturing. Depending on where in the stressed rock volume the charge carriers are activated, they will form rapidly moving or fluctuating charge clouds that may account for earthquake-related electrical signals and EM emission. Wherever such charge clouds intersect the surface, high fields are expected, causing electric discharges and earthquake lights. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - DIORITE
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
N1  - Accession Number: 7815790; Freund, Friedemann 1,2; Email Address: ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 33 Issue 4/5, p543; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: DIORITE; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212314 Granite mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212313 Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Les, C.M.
AU  - Whalen, R.T.
AU  - Beaupré, G.S.
AU  - Yan, C.H.
AU  - Cleek, T.M.
AU  - Wills, J.S.
T1  - The X-ray attenuation characteristics and density of human calcaneal marrow do not change significantly during adulthood
JO  - Journal of Orthopaedic Research
JF  - Journal of Orthopaedic Research
Y1  - 2002/05//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 633
SN  - 07360266
AB  - Changes in the material characteristics of bone marrow with aging can be a significant source of error in measurements of bone density when using X-ray and ultrasound imaging modalities. In the context of computed tomography, dual-energy computed techniques have been used to correct for changes in marrow composition. However, dual-energy quantitative computed tomography (DE-QCT) protocols, while increasing the accuracy of the measurement, reduce the precision and increase the radiation dose to the patient in comparison to single-energy quantitative computed tomography (SE-QCT) protocols. If the attenuation properties of the marrow for a particular bone can be shown to be relatively constant with age, it should be possible to use single-energy techniques without experiencing errors caused by unknown marrow composition.Marrow was extracted by centrifugation from 10 mm thick frontal sections of 34 adult cadaver calcanei (28 males, 6 females, ages 17–65 years). The density and energy-dependent linear X-ray attenuation coefficient of each marrow sample were determined. For purposes of comparing our results, we then computed an effective CT number at two GE CT/i scan voltages (80 and 120 kVp) for each specimen. The coefficients of variation for the density, CT number at 80 kVp and CT number at 120 kVp were each less than 1%, and the parameters did not change significantly with age (<f>p>0.2</f>, <f>r2<0.02</f>, <f>power>0.8</f> where the minimum acceptable <f>r2=0.216</f>). We could demonstrate no significant gender-associated differences in these relationships. These data suggest that calcaneal bone marrow X-ray attenuation properties and marrow density are essentially constant from the third through sixth decades of life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - BONE marrow
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - Aging
KW  - Bone density
KW  - Bone marrow
KW  - Calcaneus
KW  - Cancellous bone
KW  - Quantitative computed tomography
N1  - Accession Number: 7776785; Les, C.M. 1; Email Address: les@bjc.hfh.edu Whalen, R.T. 1 Beaupré, G.S. 2 Yan, C.H. 3 Cleek, T.M. 1 Wills, J.S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Rehabilitation Research and Development Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA  3: Lucas MRS Imaging Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p633; Subject Term: BONE marrow; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone marrow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calcaneus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cancellous bone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantitative computed tomography; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Litvin, Faydor L.
AU  - Fuentes, Alfonso
AU  - Fan, Qi
AU  - Handschuh, Robert F.
T1  - Computerized design, simulation of meshing, and contact and stress analysis of face-milled formate generated spiral bevel gears
JO  - Mechanism & Machine Theory
JF  - Mechanism & Machine Theory
Y1  - 2002/05//
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 441
SN  - 0094114X
AB  - A new approach for design, tooth contact analysis (TCA) and stress analysis of formate generated spiral bevel gears is proposed. The advantage of formate generation is the higher productivity. The purposes of the proposed approach are to overcome difficulties of surface conjugation caused by formate generation, develop a low noise and stabilized bearing contact, and perform stress analysis. The approach proposed is based on application of four procedures that enable in sequence to provide a predesigned parabolic function of transmission errors with limited magnitude of maximal transmission errors, a bearing contact with reduced shift of contact caused by misalignment, and perform stress analysis based on application of Finite Element Method. The advantage of the approach developed for finite element analysis (FEA) is the automatic generation of finite element models with multi-pairs of teeth. The stress analysis is accomplished by direct application of ABAQUS. Intermediate auxiliary CAD computer programs for development of solid models are not required. The theory developed is illustrated with an example of design and computation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanism & Machine Theory is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOELASTIC stress analysis
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 7780747; Litvin, Faydor L. 1; Email Address: flitvin@uic.edu Fuentes, Alfonso 1 Fan, Qi 1 Handschuh, Robert F. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gear Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7022, USA  2: US Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p441; Subject Term: THERMOELASTIC stress analysis; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Xiang
AU  - Wang, Jie
AU  - Mason, Richard
AU  - Bu, Xiu R.
AU  - Harrison, Joycelyn
T1  - Combined phase transfer catalysis and ultrasound to enhance tandem alkylation of azo dyes
JO  - Tetrahedron
JF  - Tetrahedron
Y1  - 2002/05/06/
VL  - 58
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 3747
SN  - 00404020
AB  - Ultrasound has been found to enhance N-substitution against elimination in the reaction of carbazole-containing bromides 3 with a Disperse Orange 3 derivative 2 under PTC condition. Upon using combined PTC and ultrasound conditions, a series of bifunctional molecules 1 have been prepared to possess charge-transporting agents and nonlinear optical chromophores in 2:1 ratio. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tetrahedron is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATALYSIS
KW  - ALKYLATION
KW  - AZO compounds
KW  - alkylation
KW  - amines
KW  - azo compounds
KW  - phase transfer
KW  - polycyclic heterocyclic compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 7794453; Li, Xiang 1 Wang, Jie 1 Mason, Richard 1 Bu, Xiu R. 1; Email Address: xbu@cau.edu Harrison, Joycelyn 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and NASA Center for High Performance Polymers and Composites, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA  2: Polymer Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 58 Issue 19, p3747; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Subject Term: ALKYLATION; Subject Term: AZO compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: alkylation; Author-Supplied Keyword: amines; Author-Supplied Keyword: azo compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: polycyclic heterocyclic compounds; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mlynczak, Marty
T1  - A comparison of space-based observations of the energy budgets of the mesosphere and the troposphere
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2002/05/07/
VL  - 64
IS  - 8-11
M3  - Article
SP  - 877
SN  - 13646826
AB  - The flow of energy from the Sun, through the atmosphere, to the Earth''s surface and oceans, and ultimately back to space, controls the weather and climate of the planet. Since the dawn of the Space Age, the energy balance of the planet has been measured by orbiting satellites. Over the past 40 years the technology and the scientific understanding have developed to the point where we can measure not only the energy balance of the entire Earth and its atmosphere but also of the various regions of the atmosphere including the troposphere, the stratosphere, and the mesosphere. With the planned space-based observations of the sources and sinks of energy in the mesosphere, the energy balance of this region of the atmosphere may soon be better understood from observations than the energy balance of the troposphere on seasonal to annual timescales. Fundamental to this assertion is the fact that the primary sources and sinks of radiative and chemical potential energy, the thermal structure, and the winds in the mesosphere are to be directly observed by space-based instrumentation at high vertical resolution, in contrast to the troposphere. In this paper we review some of the planned measurements of the energy budgets of the atmosphere from existing and future space-based platforms. We particularly show how the airglow can be used to determine many of the key sources of energy in the mesosphere. These ideas provide the basis for interpretation of new space-based measurements of the mesosphere planned in the near future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - Energy budget
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Troposhere
N1  - Accession Number: 7827920; Mlynczak, Marty 1; Email Address: m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 64 Issue 8-11, p877; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Troposhere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Martin, Jan M.L.
T1  - An accurate quartic force field, fundamental frequencies, and binding energy for the high energy density material <f>TdN4</f>
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2002/05/10/
VL  - 357
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 319
SN  - 00092614
AB  - The CCSD(T) method has been used to compute a highly accurate quartic force field and fundamental frequencies for all <f>14N</f> and <f>15N</f> isotopomers of the high energy density material <f>TdN4</f>. The computed fundamental frequencies show beyond doubt that the bands observed in a matrix isolation experiment by Radziszewski and coworkers [Chem. Phys. Lett. 328 (2000) 227] are not due to different isotopomers of <f>TdN4</f>. The most sophisticated thermochemical calculations to date yield a <f>2N2→N4</f> heat of reaction of <f>182.22±0.5</f> kcal/mol at 0 K (<f>180.64±0.5</f> at 298 K). It is hoped that the data reported herein will aid in the ultimate detection of <f>TdN4</f>. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - MATRIX isolation spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 7808088; Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: tjlee@mail.arc.nasa.gov Martin, Jan M.L. 2; Email Address: comartin@wicc.weizmann.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: MST27B-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Organic Chemistry, Kimmelman Building, Room 262, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 357 Issue 3/4, p319; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: MATRIX isolation spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huo, Winifred M.
AU  - Tarnovsky, Vladimir
AU  - Becker, Kurt H.
T1  - Total electron-impact ionization cross-sections of <f>CFx</f> and <f>NFx</f> <f>(x=1–3)</f>
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2002/05/31/
VL  - 358
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 328
SN  - 00092614
AB  - The discrepancy between experimental and theoretical total electron-impact ionization cross-sections of the fluorides <f>CFx</f> and <f>NFx</f> (x=1–3) is attributed to inadequacies in previous theoretical models. Cross-sections calculated using a recently developed siBED model that takes into account the shielding of the long-range dipole potential in the collision are in agreement with experiment. The present study also re-analyzed the previously reported experimental data to account for incomplete collection of fragment ions and the presence of ion-pair formation channels. For <f>NF3</f>, our experimental and theoretical cross-sections compare well with the recent data of Haaland et al. in the region below dication formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - FLUORIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 7822566; Huo, Winifred M. 1; Email Address: whuo@mail.arc.nasa.gov Tarnovsky, Vladimir 2 Becker, Kurt H. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; Source Info: May2002, Vol. 358 Issue 3/4, p328; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: FLUORIDES; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Balok, Amy E.
AU  - Vukovich, Fred M.
T1  - Observing tropospheric trace gases from space: recent advances and future capabilities
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 29
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1625
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We present a brief overview of the methodology developed over the past decade to derive tropospheric ozone fields from satellite measurements and will highlight some of the recent progress that has resulted in the ability to formulate its depiction on a daily basis. For the first time, we present a climatology of tropospheric ozone derived from TOMS and SBUV observations using the empirically corrected tropospheric ozone residual methodology described in Fishman and Balok (1999) and Balok and Fishman (2001). When compared to an earlier published tropospheric ozone data set that had been derived from TOMS and SAGE measurements, much better agreement is found than when uncorrected SBUV data had been used. The availability of such a data set will allow for much better temporal resolution than had been previously available. Despite the recent advances made through the technique presented here as well as the satellite capabilities that are currently just over the horizon, it is suggested that a quantum leap in measurement capability can be attained through the use instruments on geostationary platforms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - OZONE
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 8778705; Fishman, Jack 1 Balok, Amy E. 1,2 Vukovich, Fred M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Research, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2219 USA  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23666 USA  3: Science Applications International Corporation, Raleigh, North Carolina 27605 USA; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 29 Issue 11, p1625; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tao, Gang
AU  - Chen, Shuhao
AU  - M. Joshi, Suresh
T1  - An adaptive control scheme for systems with unknown actuator failures
JO  - Automatica
JF  - Automatica
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 38
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1027
SN  - 00051098
AB  - A state feedback output tracking adaptive control scheme is developed for plants with actuator failures characterized by the failure pattern that some inputs are stuck at some unknown fixed values at unknown time instants. New controller parametrization and adaptive law are developed under some relaxed system conditions. All closed-loop signals are bounded and the plant output tracks a given reference output asymptotically, despite the uncertainties in actuator failures and plant parameters. Simulation results verify the desired adaptive control system performance in the presence of actuator failures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Automatica is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - Actuator failure
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Output tracking
KW  - Plant-model output matching
KW  - State feedback
N1  - Accession Number: 7774646; Tao, Gang 1; Email Address: gt9s@virginia.edu Chen, Shuhao 1; Email Address: sc3ec@virginia.edu M. Joshi, Suresh 2; Email Address: s.m.joshi@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 161, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 38 Issue 6, p1027; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuator failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Output tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plant-model output matching; Author-Supplied Keyword: State feedback; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kradinov, V.
AU  - Hanauska, J.
AU  - Barut, A.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Bolted patch repair of composite panels with a cutout
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
SN  - 02638223
AB  - The present investigation concerns the analysis of bolted patch repairs of flat composite panels by using a complex potential–variational method. The validity of the current analysis predictions is established by comparison against experimental measurements and previous predictions. The experimental investigation used two patch repairs, with different bolt patterns, of a cutout in an aluminum skin under uniaxial loading. The previous predictions were made for a patch-repaired composite skin with 16 bolts under uniaxial loading. The same patch repair configuration is analyzed here under more complex loading conditions and with two bolts missing, leading to a non-symmetric bolt arrangement. Also, the influence of patch geometry and bolt pattern on the effectiveness of the repair is investigated by considering an elliptical cutout in the skin. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOLTS & nuts
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - Composites
KW  - Cutout
KW  - Multiple bolts
KW  - Patch
KW  - Repair
N1  - Accession Number: 7816426; Kradinov, V. 1 Hanauska, J. 1 Barut, A. 1 Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Ambur, D.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch, Hampton, NASA Langley Research Center, VA 23665, USA; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p423; Subject Term: BOLTS & nuts; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cutout; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple bolts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Patch; Author-Supplied Keyword: Repair; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416330 Hardware merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423710 Hardware Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332720 Turned product and screw, nut and bolt manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332722 Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harik, V.M.
T1  - Mechanics of carbon nanotubes: applicability of the continuum-beam models
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 312
SN  - 09270256
AB  - Ranges of validity for the continuum-beam models, the length-scale effects and continuum assumptions are analyzed in the framework of scaling analysis of NT structure. Two coupled criteria for the applicability of the continuum models are presented. Scaling analysis of NT buckling and geometric parameters (e.g., diameter and length) is carried out to determine the key non-dimensional parameters that control the buckling strains and modes of NT buckling. A model applicability map, which represents two classes of NTs, is constructed in the space of non-dimensional parameters. In an analogy with continuum mechanics, a mechanical law of geometric similitude is presented for two classes of beam-like NTs having different geometries. Expressions for the critical buckling loads and strains are tailored for the distinct groups of NTs and compared with the data provided by the molecular dynamics simulations. Implications for molecular dynamics simulations and the NT-based scanning probes are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Laws of similitude
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Nanostructures
KW  - Nanotubes
KW  - Scaling analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 7809362; Harik, V.M. 1; Email Address: harik@icase.edu; Affiliation:  1: ICASE, MS 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p312; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laws of similitude; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling analysis; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Garces, Jorge E.
AU  - Abel, Phillip
T1  - Modeling of 3C-SiC(<f>1 0 0</f>) using the BFS method for alloys
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 507-510
M3  - Article
SP  - 394
SN  - 00396028
AB  - The Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys is extended to elemental semiconductors, and in this introductory work, to 3C-SiC(1 0 0) surfaces. In spite of the differences between metallic systems and semiconductors, the formulation of the BFS method for metallic alloys remains unaltered, thus providing a computationally simple and physically sound tool to deal with semiconductors. First-principles methods are used for the determination of the parameters of Si, C and SiC. These are fully transferable and applicable to any surface problem dealing with the 3C-SiC structure. Basic features regarding the surface energy and structure of Si, C and 3C-SiC are determined and compared to experiment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - Alloys
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Semi-empirical models and model calculations
KW  - Semiconducting surfaces
KW  - Surface defects
N1  - Accession Number: 8775818; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Garces, Jorge E. 1,3 Abel, Phillip 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Centro Atomico Bariloche, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 507-510, p394; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical models and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semiconducting surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface defects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Good, Brian
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Surface composition of alloys via BFS atomistic Monte Carlo simulation
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2002/06//
VL  - 507-510
M3  - Article
SP  - 730
SN  - 00396028
AB  - We have computed, via Monte Carlo atomistic simulation, the heats of segregation for the (1 0 0) surface of bcc binary alloys, including all combinations of V, Cr, Fe, Nb, Ta and W. Energetics are computed using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith method for alloys, with and without atomistic relaxation. We discuss segregation trends in the context of the mechanisms believed to drive the segregation, and examine in more detail specific binaries in which the effects of these mechanisms are particularly evident. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - Alloys
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Semi-empirical models and model calculations
KW  - Surface segregation
N1  - Accession Number: 8775880; Good, Brian 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 507-510, p730; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical models and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface segregation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinacker, Jürgen
AU  - Hackert, Remi
AU  - Steinacker, Adriane
AU  - Bacmann, Aurore
T1  - The influence of numerical diffusion on the solution of the radiative transfer equations
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2002/06/15/
VL  - 73
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 557
SN  - 00224073
AB  - We investigate the explicit numerical solution strategies of multi-dimensional radiative transfer equations which are commonly used, e.g., to determine the radiation emerging from astrophysical objects surrounded by absorbing and scattering matter. For explicit grid solvers, we identify numerical diffusion as a severe source of error in first-order discretization schemes, underestimated in former work about radiative transfer. Using the simple example of a beam propagating through vacuum, we illustrate the influence of the diffusion on the solution and discuss various techniques to reduce it. In view of the large required storage for implicit solvers, we propose to use second-order explicit grid techniques to solve 3D radiative transfer problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 7764105; Steinacker, Jürgen 1; Email Address: stein@astro.uni-jena.de Hackert, Remi 1 Steinacker, Adriane 2 Bacmann, Aurore 1; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysical Institute und University, Observatory Jena, Schillergässchen 2-3, 07745 Jena, Germany  2: NASA Ames Research Center 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 73 Issue 6, p557; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
T1  - Multispectrum analysis of self- and nitrogen-broadening, pressure shifting and line mixing in the <f>ν3</f> parallel band of <f>12CH3D</f>
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2002/06/15/
VL  - 73
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 603
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Lorentz self- and nitrogen-broadening coefficients as well as self- and nitrogen-pressure induced shift coefficients were measured at room temperature for more than 440 transitions in the <f>Q</f>P, <f>Q</f>Q and <f>Q</f>R branches of the <f>ν3(A1)</f> parallel band of <f>12CH3D</f>. The simultaneous multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting analysis was performed in the 1140–<f>1440 cm−1</f> region using 14 spectra of room temperature gas recorded with the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (<f>0.005 cm−1</f> unapodized resolution) of the National Solar Observatory (NSO) on Kitt Peak. The measured self-broadening coefficients varied from about <f>0.025 cm−1 atm−1</f> at <f>296 K</f> for high <f>J</f>, <f>K</f> transitions to about <f>0.09 cm−1 atm−1</f> at <f>296 K</f> for low <f>J</f>, <f>K</f> transitions. In the case of nitrogen broadening these values ranged from about 0.023 to <f>0.073 cm−1 atm−1</f> at <f>296 K</f>. The majority <f>(>90%)</f> of the self-pressure induced shift coefficients as well as nitrogen-pressure-induced shift coefficients was negative with values varying between approximately 0 and <f>−0.012 cm−1 atm−1</f>. However, similar to air-induced pressure-shift coefficients determined in an earlier study, the measured self- and nitrogen-induced pressure-shift coefficients were positive for the <f>Q</f>R-branch transitions with <f>J″=K″</f>, varying from 0 to about <f>+0.009 cm−1 atm−1</f>. Weak line mixing effects were observed in several high-<f>J</f> lines with <f>K″=3</f> splitting and approximate values for the off-diagonal relaxation matrix-element coefficients were determined for a few <f>A1A2 (A+A−)</f> split components. Comparisons are made between the measured self- and nitrogen-broadening and shift coefficients, and the results are also compared with measurements in other bands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Methane
KW  - Monodeuterated methane
KW  - Spectral line shape
N1  - Accession Number: 7764108; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, Mary Ann H. 2 Rinsland, Curtis P. 2 Brown, Linda R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 73 Issue 6, p603; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monodeuterated methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral line shape; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, A.
AU  - Bozzolo, G.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Howe, J.M.
T1  - Experimental verification of the theoretical prediction of the phase structure of a Ni–Al–Ti–Cr–Cu alloy
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2002/06/28/
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2787
SN  - 13596454
AB  - The Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys was applied to the study of NiAl-based materials to assess the effect of alloying additions on structure. Ternary, quaternary and even pentalloys based on NiAl with additions of Ti, Cr and Cu were studied and experimental verification of the theoretical predictions including the phase structure of a Ni–Al–Ti–Cr–Cu alloy is presented. Two approaches were used, Monte Carlo simulations to determine low energy structures, and analytical calculations of the energy of high symmetry configurations which give physical insight into preferred structures. The energetics for site occupancy in ternary and quaternary systems were calculated leading to an indirect determination of solubility limits at 0 K. Precipitate formation with information concerning structure and lattice parameter were also ‘observed’ computationally and the general characteristics of a Ni–Al–Ti–Cr–Cu alloy were correctly predicted. The results indicate that the BFS method for alloys can be a useful tool for alloy design and can be used to complement experimental alloy design programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - Atomistic modeling
KW  - BFS method
KW  - Intermetallic
KW  - Monte Carlo simulations
KW  - NiAl alloys
KW  - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
N1  - Accession Number: 7829060; Wilson, A. 1 Bozzolo, G. 2,3; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Noebe, R.D. 3 Howe, J.M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, 20375 Washington, DC, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, 44142 Cleveland, OH, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Mail Stop 23-2, 44135 Cleveland, OH, USA  4: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, 22903 Charlottesville, VA, USA; Source Info: Jun2002, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p2787; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomistic modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: BFS method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermetallic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiAl alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kotzar, Geoffrey
AU  - Freas, Mark
AU  - Abel, Phillip
AU  - Fleischman, Aaron
AU  - Roy, Shuvo
AU  - Zorman, Christian
AU  - Moran, James M.
AU  - Melzak, Jeff
T1  - Evaluation of MEMS materials of construction for implantable medical devices
JO  - Biomaterials
JF  - Biomaterials
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 23
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2737
SN  - 01429612
AB  - Medical devices based on microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) platforms are currently being proposed for a wide variety of implantable applications. However, biocompatibility data for typical MEMS materials of construction and processing, obtained from standard tests currently recognized by regulatory agencies, has not been published. Likewise, the effects of common sterilization techniques on MEMS material properties have not been reported. Medical device regulatory requirements dictate that materials that are biocompatibility tested be processed and sterilized in a manner equivalent to the final production device. Material, processing, and sterilization method can impact the final result.Six candidate materials for implantable MEMS devices, and one encapsulating material, were fabricated using typical MEMS processing techniques and sterilized. All seven materials were evaluated using a baseline battery of ISO 10993 physicochemical and biocompatibility tests. In addition, samples of these materials were evaluated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) pre- and post-sterilization. While not addressing all facets of ISO 10993 testing, the biocompatibility and SEM data indicate few concerns about use of these materials in implant applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biomaterials is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEDICAL equipment
KW  - BIOCOMPATIBILITY
KW  - Biocompatibility
KW  - BioMEMS
KW  - Implant
KW  - ISO 10993
KW  - Sterilization
N1  - Accession Number: 7799533; Kotzar, Geoffrey 1 Freas, Mark 1; Email Address: mfreas@biomec.com Abel, Phillip 2 Fleischman, Aaron 3 Roy, Shuvo 3 Zorman, Christian 4 Moran, James M. 5 Melzak, Jeff 4; Affiliation:  1: BIOMEC, Inc., 1771 East 30th Street, Cleveland, OH 44114, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: 9500 Euclid Avenue, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA  4: Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  5: 8340 Hunting Dr., North Royalton, OH 44133, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 23 Issue 13, p2737; Subject Term: MEDICAL equipment; Subject Term: BIOCOMPATIBILITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biocompatibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: BioMEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Implant; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISO 10993; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sterilization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krueger, Ronald
AU  - Paris, Isabelle L.
AU  - Kevin O'Brien, T.
AU  - Minguet, Pierre J.
T1  - Comparison of 2D finite element modeling assumptions with results from 3D analysis for composite skin-stiffener debonding
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
SN  - 02638223
AB  - The influence of two-dimensional finite element modeling assumptions on the debonding prediction for skin-stiffener specimens was investigated. Geometrically nonlinear finite element analyses using two-dimensional plane-stress and plane-strain elements as well as three different generalized plane-strain type approaches were performed. The computed skin and flange strains, transverse tensile stresses and energy release rates were compared to results obtained from three-dimensional simulations. The study showed that for strains and energy release rate computations the generalized plane-strain assumptions yielded results closest to the full three-dimensional analysis. For computed transverse tensile stresses the plane-stress assumption gave the best agreement. Based on this study it is recommended that results from plane-stress and plane-strain models be used as upper and lower bounds. The results from generalized plane-strain models fall between the results obtained from plane-stress and plane-strain models. Two-dimensional models may also be used to qualitatively evaluate the stress distribution in a ply and the variation of energy release rates and mixed mode ratios with delamination length. For more accurate predictions, however, a three-dimensional analysis is required. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - FLANGES
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 7867889; Krueger, Ronald 1 Paris, Isabelle L. 2 Kevin O'Brien, T. 3; Email Address: t.k.obrien@larc.nasa.gov Minguet, Pierre J. 4; Affiliation:  1: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 132C, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Research Council, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: US Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  4: The Boeing Company, PO BOX 16858, MS P38-13, Philadelphia, PA 19142-0858, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 57 Issue 1-4, p161; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: FLANGES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo H.
AU  - Khalil, Joseph
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
T1  - Modeling of the site preference in ternary B2-ordered Ni–Al–Fe alloys
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 457
SN  - 09270256
AB  - The underlying equilibrium structure, site substitution behavior, and lattice parameter of ternary Ni–Fe–Al alloys are determined via Monte Carlo–Metropolis computer simulations and analytical calculations using the BFS method for alloys for the energetics. As a result of the theoretical calculations presented, a simple approach based on the energetics of small atomic clusters is introduced to explain the observed site preference schemes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Computational methods
KW  - Defect structure
KW  - Iron
KW  - Nickel
N1  - Accession Number: 7823623; Bozzolo, Guillermo H. 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Khalil, Joseph 2 Noebe, Ronald D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Mail Stop 23-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p457; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Defect structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baker, David P.
AU  - Dismukes, R. Key
T1  - Special Issue on Training Instructors to Evaluate Aircrew Performance.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 204
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Examines the special issues on training instructors for evaluating aircrew performance in the U.S.  State of research and operational issues on instructor training; Highlight of the theoretical and practical considerations on pilot instructor training; Strategies for accurate assessment of pilot instructors.
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage -- United States
KW  - TEACHERS -- Training of
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 7516112; Baker, David P. 1 Dismukes, R. Key 2; Affiliation:  1: American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA; Source Info: 2002, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p203; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage -- United States; Subject Term: TEACHERS -- Training of; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baker, David P.
AU  - Dismukes, R. Key
T1  - A Framework for Understanding Crew Performance Assessment Issues.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 222
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - The focus of this special issue is on training pilot instructors to assess crew performance. In this opening article we attempt to set the stage for the other articles in this issue by introducing a framework for understanding crew-performance assessment. We use this framework to outline issues that should be addressed when training pilot instructors, and we point to specific articles in the special issue that begin to answer these questions. We also look to literature from domains outside aviation psychology for guidance. Research on performance appraisal in the field of industrial psychology provides techniques and knowledge relevant to training instructors to evaluate crews reliably and validly. We conclude with a series of research questions that should be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - PERFORMANCE standards
KW  - AVIATION psychology
N1  - Accession Number: 7516111; Baker, David P. 1 Dismukes, R. Key 2; Affiliation:  1: American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA; Source Info: 2002, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p205; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE standards; Subject Term: AVIATION psychology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulqueen, Casey
AU  - Baker, David P.
AU  - Dismukes, R. Key
T1  - Pilot Instructor Rater Training: The Utility of the Multifacet Item Response Theory Model.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 303
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - A multifacet 1-parameter item response theory (i.e., Rasch) model was used to examine interrater reliability training for pilot instructors. This model provides a means for examining individual instructor leniency or severity in ratings, difficulty of grade-sheet items, skill levels of flight crews, and interactions among these components. It was found that pilot instructor trainees differed in their levels of rating severity, and that higher crew resource management scores were easier to achieve than technical scores. Interaction analyses identified several pilot instructors who were evaluating crews in an unexpected manner, which is useful when providing feedback during training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ITEM response theory
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - TEACHERS -- United States
KW  - TRAINING of
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 7516107; Mulqueen, Casey 1 Baker, David P. 1 Dismukes, R. Key 2; Affiliation:  1: American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2002, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p287; Subject Term: ITEM response theory; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; Subject Term: TEACHERS -- United States; Subject Term: TRAINING of; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
T1  - Self- and <f>N2</f>-broadening, pressure induced shift and line mixing in the <f>ν5</f> band of <f>12CH3D</f> using a multispectrum fitting technique
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 74
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 00224073
AB  - We report the first measured Lorentz self- and nitrogen-broadening and the corresponding pressure-shift coefficients in the <f>ν5</f>(E) perpendicular band of <f>12CH3D</f> between 1275 and <f>1600 cm−1</f>. The multispectrum fitting technique allowed us to analyze simultaneously both self-broadened and <f>N2</f>-broadened spectra recorded at 0.005 to 0.006-<f>cm−1</f> resolution with a Fourier transform spectrometer located at Kitt Peak. Self-broadening coefficients for over 550 transitions and self-shift coefficients for more than 480 transitions with rotational quantum numbers up to <f>J″=17</f> and <f>K″=14</f> were determined. Nitrogen-broadening and nitrogen pressure-induced shift coefficients were determined for more than 300 of those transitions. The measured broadening coefficients vary from 0.020 to about <f>0.091 cm−1 atm−1</f> at <f>296 K</f>. The measured pressure-shift coefficients had values extending from about <f>−0.014</f> to <f>+0.005 cm−1 atm−1</f>. Very few of the pressure-shift coefficients were positive, and the positive pressure-shift coefficients were mostly associated with the <f>J″=K″</f> transitions in the <f>PQ</f> sub-bands. The <f>J″=K″</f> transitions in the <f>PP</f> and <f>RR</f> sub-bands were associated with the smallest broadening coefficients. Our measurements also included 46 forbidden lines with <f>ΔK=±2 (10 OP, 9 OQ,3 QP, 7 QQ, 1 QR, 13 SQ</f> and 3 <f>SR</f>). The off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients, <f>Wij,</f> in <f>cm−1 atm−1</f> at <f>296 K</f> which are associated with line mixing were determined for a few transitions with <f>K″=3</f> <f>(A+A−</f>splitting) in the <f>PP, PQ</f> and <f>RP</f> sub-bands. We have examined the dependence of the measured parameters on <f>J,K</f> quantum numbers and also developed empirical expressions to describe the broadening coefficients in terms of <f>J</f> and <f>K</f>. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Monodeuterated methane
KW  - Nitrogen-broadening
KW  - Self-broadening
KW  - Spectral lineshape
N1  - Accession Number: 7776937; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, Mary Ann H. 2 Rinsland, Curtis P. 2 Brown, Linda R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 74 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monodeuterated methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen-broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral lineshape; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 41p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P
AU  - Perrin, A.
AU  - Flaud, J.-M.
AU  - Barbe, A.
AU  - Camy-Peyret, C.
AU  - Coffey, M.T.
AU  - Mankin, W.G.
AU  - Hannigan, J.W.
AU  - Stephen, T.M.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
T1  - Weak ozone isotopic absorption in the <f>5 μm</f> region from high resolution FTIR solar spectra
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 74
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Isotopic ozone lines of <f>16O16O17O</f> and <f>16O17O16O</f> in the <f>5 μm</f> region are identified for the first time in balloon-borne high-resolution <f>(0.003 cm−1)</f> solar absorption spectra. A few of these lines also are observed in ground-based spectra. These lines need to be included in analysis of atmospheric absorption spectra, in addition to the recently identified <f>16O16O18O, 16O18O16O</f> and <f>16O12C34S</f> lines in this region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - SOLAR spectra
KW  - Atmospheric ozone isotopomers
KW  - Infrared Fourier transform atmospheric spectroscopy
KW  - Solar spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 7776945; Goldman, A. 1; Email Address: goldman@acd.ucar.edu Rinsland, C.P 2 Perrin, A. 3 Flaud, J.-M. 3 Barbe, A. 4 Camy-Peyret, C. 5 Coffey, M.T. 6 Mankin, W.G. 6 Hannigan, J.W. 6 Stephen, T.M. 1 Malathy Devi, V. 7 Smith, M.A.H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, 21 Langley Blvd., Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Université Paris Sud, Bât 350, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  4: GSMA, Faculté des Sciences 51062 Reims Cedex, France  5: LPMA, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France  6: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  7: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 74 Issue 1, p133; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: SOLAR spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric ozone isotopomers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared Fourier transform atmospheric spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar spectra; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
T1  - Delayed alumina scale spallation on Rene'N5+Y: moisture effects and acoustic emission
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 332
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
SN  - 09215093
AB  - The single crystal superalloy Rene''N5 (with or without Y-doping and hydrogen annealing) was cyclically oxidized at 1150 °C for 1000 h. After considerable scale growth (≥500 h), even the adherent alumina scales formed on Y-doped samples exhibited delayed interfacial spallation during subsequent water immersion tests, performed up to 1 year after oxidation. Spallation was characterized by weight loss, the amount of spalled area and acoustic emission response. Hydrogen annealing (prior to oxidation) reduced spallation both before and after immersion, but without measurably reducing the bulk sulfur content of the Y-doped alloys. The duration and frequency of sequential, co-located acoustic emission events implied an interfacial crack growth rate at least 10−3 m s−1, but possibly higher than 102 m s−1. This is much greater than classic moisture-assisted slow crack growth rates in bulk alumina (10−6 to 10−3 m s−1), which may still have occurred undetected by acoustic emission. An alternative failure sequence is proposed: an incubation process for preferential moisture ingress leads to a local decrease in interfacial toughness, thus allowing fast fracture driven by stored strain energy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - Acoustic emission
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Spallation
KW  - Superalloy
N1  - Accession Number: 7812767; Smialek, James L.; Email Address: james.l.smialek@grs.nasa.gov Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 332 Issue 1/2, p11; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spallation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Arellano-López, A.R.
AU  - Varela-Feria, F.M.
AU  - Martınez-Fernández, J.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Compressive creep of silicon nitride with different secondary phase compositions
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 332
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Compressive creep has been studied in several commercial and experimental grades of Si3N4, with similar microstructures but different grain boundary phase compositions. The experiments took place at 1400 and 1500 °C in static argon atmosphere. The creep rates at a given temperature showed more than one order of magnitude of grade to grade variability. However, all types of Si3N4 appear to deform by the same mechanism. When analyzed by a classic power-law equation for the creep parameters, n&ap;1 for all grades, while Q varied from 444 to 951 kJ mol−1. A solution-reprecipitation creep mechanism is considered compatible with these results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - Compression
KW  - Creep
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Silicon nitride
N1  - Accession Number: 7812809; de Arellano-López, A.R. 1; Email Address: ramirez@cica.es Varela-Feria, F.M. 1 Martınez-Fernández, J. 1 Singh, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Fısica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, P.O. Box 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain  2: QSS Group Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 332 Issue 1/2, p295; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitride; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khan, F.A.
AU  - Zhou, L.
AU  - Kumar, V.
AU  - Adesida, I.
AU  - Okojie, R.
T1  - High rate etching of AlN using BCl3/Cl2/Ar inductively coupled plasma
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2002/07//
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Inductively-coupled-plasma reactive ion etching of AlN was investigated using BCl3/Cl2/Ar gas chemistry. AlN etch rates were studied as a function of substrate bias voltage (−150 to −400 V), ICP coil power (200–900 W) and chamber pressure (2–10 mT). Using an electroplated Ni mask, up to 50 μm deep AlN structures were etched. This is the first demonstration of deep etching of AlN at high etch rates using inductively-coupled-plasma. The results reported in this study can be used for bulk micro-machining AlN substrates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONS
KW  - GASES
KW  - AlN
KW  - Etching
KW  - ICP-RIE
N1  - Accession Number: 7841267; Khan, F.A. 1; Email Address: fakhan@uiuc.edu Zhou, L. 1 Kumar, V. 1 Adesida, I. 1 Okojie, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Microelectronics Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: GASES; Author-Supplied Keyword: AlN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Etching; Author-Supplied Keyword: ICP-RIE; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hudgins, Douglas M.
T1  - Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds and Astrophysics.
JO  - Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
JF  - Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds
Y1  - 2002/07//Jul-Oct2002
VL  - 22
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
EP  - 488
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10406638
AB  - Over the past 15 years, thanks to significant, parallel advancements in observational, experimental, and theoretical techniques, tremendous strides have been made in our understanding of the role polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the interstellar medium (ISM). Twenty years ago, the notion of an abundant population of large, carbon-rich molecules in the ISM was considered preposterous. Today, the unmistakable spectroscopic signatures of PACs--shockingly large molecules by previous interstellar chemistry standards--are recognized throughout the universe. In this article, we will examine the interstellar PAC model and its importance to astrophysics, including: (a) the evidence which led to inception of the model, (b) the ensuing laboratory and theoretical studies of the fundamental spectroscopic properties of PAC by which the model has been refined and extended, and (c) a few examples of how the model is being exploited to derive insight into the nature of the interstellar PAC population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - MATRIX isolation spectroscopy
KW  - infrared spectroscopy
KW  - interstellar molecules
KW  - matrix-isolation
KW  - polycyclic aromatic molecules and ions
N1  - Accession Number: 11551212; Hudgins, Douglas M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, USA; Source Info: Jul-Oct2002, Vol. 22 Issue 3/4, p469; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: MATRIX isolation spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: matrix-isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: polycyclic aromatic molecules and ions; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10406630290103852
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Zander, R.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Chiou, L.S.
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Jones, N.B.
T1  - Stratospheric HF column abundances above Kitt Peak (<f>31.9°N</f> latitude): trends from 1977 to 2001 and correlations with stratospheric HCl columns
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2002/07/15/
VL  - 74
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Time series of stratospheric hydrogen fluoride (HF) column abundances have been derived from infrared solar absorption spectra recorded for 195 days between May 1977 and June 2001 at a spectral resolution of typically <f>0.01 cm−1</f>. The measurements were made at the US National Solar Observatory facility on Kitt Peak, Arizona, USA (<f>31.9°N</f>, <f>111.6°W</f>, <f>2.09 km</f> altitude) and have been analyzed with the SFIT2 algorithm, which is based on a semi-empirical application of the optimal estimation method. The measurements show a continuous buildup of the stratospheric HF column over the 24-yr period superimposed on short-term variations and a seasonal cycle with spring maxima and autumn minima. The measured stratospheric HF columns increased by a factor of 4.7, from <f>2.03×1014 molecule cm−2</f> in May 1977 to <f>9.49×1014 molecule cm−2</f> in June 2001. A best fit with a model that assumes an exponential increase in the stratospheric HF column with time superimposed on a sinusoidal seasonal cycle yields an average rate of stratospheric HF column increase of <f>(4.30±0.15% yr−1)</f>, 1 sigma. The rate of increase is nearly a factor of two less than that derived previously from 1977 to 1990 Kitt Peak total columns, which indicates a significant slowdown in the increase rate during the 1990s, consistent with the trends from recent near-global lower mesospheric satellite remote and surface in situ measurements. Day-to-day stratospheric HF columns are highly correlated with the same day stratospheric HCl columns as a result of common transport of lower and higher latitude air to above the station. Extrapolation of the linear relation between the two sets of stratospheric columns indicates a background HCl column of <f>1×1015 molecule cm−2</f> for zero HF, consistent with a previous estimate from 1977 to 1990 HF and HCl Kitt Peak total column measurements and a 1973 HCl measurement above the station. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN fluoride
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Hydrogen fluoride
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Stratosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 7776933; Rinsland, C.P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Zander, R. 2 Mahieu, E. 2 Chiou, L.S. 3 Goldman, A. 4 Jones, N.B. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, B-4000, Liège, Belgium, The Netherlands  3: Wyle Laboratories, Hampton, VA 23666-1498, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  5: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand; Source Info: Jul2002, Vol. 74 Issue 2, p205; Subject Term: HYDROGEN fluoride; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen fluoride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilat, Amos
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
T1  - Experimental study of strain-rate-dependent behavior of carbon/epoxy composite
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2002/08//
VL  - 62
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1469
SN  - 02663538
AB  - The strain rate dependent behavior of IM7/977-2 carbon/epoxy matrix composite in tension is studied by testing the resin and various laminate configurations at different strain rates. Tensile tests have been conducted with a hydraulic machine at quasi-static strain rates of approximately 10−5 s−1 and intermediate strain rates of about 1 s−1. Tensile high strain rate tests have been conducted with the tensile split Hopkinson bar technique at strain rates of approximately 400–600 s−1. Specimens with identical geometry are used in all the tests. The standard split Hopkinson bar technique is modified to measure strain directly on the specimen. The results show that strain rate has a significant effect on the material response. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - STRESS-strain curves
KW  - A. Polymer-matrix composites
KW  - B. Impact behaviour
KW  - B. Stress-strain curves
KW  - Strain rate effects
N1  - Accession Number: 7844590; Gilat, Amos 1; Email Address: gilat.1@osu.edu Goldberg, Robert K. 2 Roberts, Gary D. 2; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, Department of Mechanical Engineering 206 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2002, Vol. 62 Issue 10/11, p1469; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: STRESS-strain curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer-matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Impact behaviour; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Stress-strain curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain rate effects; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hazeltine, Eliot
T1  - Focusing on the Big Picture with fMRI: Consciousness and Temporal Flux.
JO  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Y1  - 2002/08/15/
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 836
EP  - 837
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 0898929X
AB  - Comments on the study 'Functional MRI and the Study of Human Consciousness,' by Dan Lloyd.  Methodology of the study; Data collected in the study; Limitations of the study.
KW  - MAGNETIC resonance imaging
KW  - CONSCIOUSNESS
N1  - Accession Number: 7188684; Hazeltine, Eliot 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: 8/15/2002, Vol. 14 Issue 6, p836; Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance imaging; Subject Term: CONSCIOUSNESS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1162/089892902760191054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elmustafa, A.A.
AU  - Stone, D.S.
T1  - Indentation size effect in polycrystalline F.C.C. metals
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2002/08/16/
VL  - 50
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 3641
SN  - 13596454
AB  - High purity aluminum and alpha brass samples were tested for the indentation size effect (ISE) using a combination of microhardness (high load) and nanoindentation (low load). We employed rate effects to study low temperature deformation mechanisms using nanoindentation creep and load relaxation. Based on these rate effects which are conspicuous in terms of the rate sensitivity of the hardness, <f>∂H/∂ln&epsiv;˙eff</f>, we calculated the activation volume, V&ast;, and compared data from indentation creep with data from uniaxial loading. The data from nanoindentation for alpha brass when plotted, V&ast; vs H or <f>τ</f> (flow stress), extrapolated into literature data from conventional tensile testing, while the aluminum nanoindentation data exhibited an offset. We propose some mechanisms for this offset. We demonstrate that the trend of V&ast; vs H, resulting from the ISE in a single specimen, concurs with that obtained from testing specimens with various levels of work hardening. This suggests that the ISE is driven by a dislocation mechanism. Additionally, when the results are fitted to a strain gradient plasticity model (SGP), the data at deep indents (microhardness and large nanoindentation) exhibited a straight-line behavior closely identical to literature data. However, for shallow indents (nanoindetation data), the slope of the line severely changes, decreasing by a factor of ten, resulting in a “bilinear behavior”. We also propose some possible mechanisms for this behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - METALS
KW  - Activation volume
KW  - Geometrically necessary dislocations
KW  - Indentation size effect
KW  - Nanoindentation
KW  - Work hardening
N1  - Accession Number: 7849668; Elmustafa, A.A. 1; Email Address: a.a.elmustafa@larc.nasa.gov Stone, D.S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center-ConITS, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: Aug2002, Vol. 50 Issue 14, p3641; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: METALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometrically necessary dislocations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indentation size effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoindentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Work hardening; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clancey, William J.
T1  - Simulating activities: Relating motives, deliberation, and attentive coordination
JO  - Cognitive Systems Research
JF  - Cognitive Systems Research
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 471
SN  - 13890417
AB  - Activities are located behaviors, taking time, conceived as socially meaningful, and usually involving interaction with tools and the environment. In modeling human cognition as a form of problem solving (goal-directed search and operator sequencing), cognitive science researchers have not adequately studied ‘off-task’ activities (e.g. waiting), non-intellectual motives (e.g. hunger), sustaining a goal state (e.g. playful interaction), and coupled perceptual–motor dynamics (e.g. following someone). These aspects of human behavior have been considered in bits and pieces in past research, identified as scripts, human factors, behavior settings, ensemble, flow experience, and situated action. More broadly, activity theory provides a comprehensive framework relating motives, goals, and operations. This paper ties these ideas together, using examples from work life in a Canadian High Arctic research station. The emphasis is on simulating human behavior as it naturally occurs, such that ‘working’ is understood as an aspect of living. The result is a synthesis of previously unrelated analytic perspectives and a broader appreciation of the nature of human cognition. Simulating activities in this comprehensive way is useful for understanding work practice, promoting learning, and designing better tools, including human–robot systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cognitive Systems Research is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - COGNITIVE science
KW  - ACTIVITY coefficients
KW  - Activity theory
KW  - Behavior simulation
KW  - Human–robot systems
KW  - Situated action
N1  - Accession Number: 7908454; Clancey, William J. 1; Email Address: bclancey@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational Sciences Division, M/S 269-3, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 3 Issue 3, p471; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: COGNITIVE science; Subject Term: ACTIVITY coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activity theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavior simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human–robot systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Situated action; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arnold, S.M.
AU  - Saleeb, A.F.
AU  - Al-Zoubi, N.R.
T1  - Deformation and life analysis of composite flywheel disk systems
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 33
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 433
SN  - 13598368
AB  - In this study an attempt is made to put into perspective the problem of a rotating disk, be it a single disk or a number of concentric disks forming a unit. An analytical model capable of performing an elastic stress analysis for single/multiple, annular/solid, anisotropic/isotropic disk systems, subjected to pressure surface tractions, body forces (in the form of temperature-changes and rotation fields) and interfacial misfits is summarized. Results of an extensive parametric study are presented to clearly define the key design variables and their associated influence. In general the important parameters were identified as misfit, mean radius, thickness, material property and/or load gradation, and speed; all of which must be simultaneously optimized to achieve the ‘best’ and most reliable design. Also, the important issue of defining proper performance/merit indices (based on the specific stored energy), in the presence of multiaxiality and material anisotropy is addressed. These merit indices are then utilized to discuss the difference between flywheels made from PMC and TMC materials with either an annular or solid geometry.Finally two major aspects of failure analysis, that is the static and cyclic limit (burst) speeds are addressed. In the case of static limit loads, a lower (first fracture) bound for disks with constant thickness is presented. The results (interaction diagrams) are displayed graphically in designer friendly format. For the case of fatigue, a representative fatigue/life master curve is illustrated in which the normalized limit speed versus number of applied cycles is given for a cladded TMC disk application. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTATING disks
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - A. Anisotropy
KW  - A. Failure
KW  - B. Elasticity
KW  - B. Fatigue
KW  - Flywheels
KW  - Multiple disks
N1  - Accession Number: 7867440; Arnold, S.M. 1; Email Address: s.arnold@grc.nasa.gov Saleeb, A.F. 2 Al-Zoubi, N.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark, Road, Mail Stop 49-7, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 33 Issue 6, p433; Subject Term: ROTATING disks; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Elasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flywheels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple disks; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schupp, John D.
AU  - Duraj, Stan A.
AU  - Richman, Robert M.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
AU  - Fanwick, Phillip E.
T1  - The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Acetatochlorobis(4-methylpyridine) oxovanadium (IV).
JO  - Journal of Coordination Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Coordination Chemistry
Y1  - 2002/09//9/1/2002
VL  - 55
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1045
EP  - 1051
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00958972
AB  - The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound, VOCl(O 2 CCH 3 )(4-CH 3 C 5 H 4 N) 2 , has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The material crystallizes in the space group $P \bar {1}(\# 2)}$ with a = 7.822(2), b = 8.023(1), c = 14.841(2) Å, α = 99.73(1)°, β = 91.41(1)°, and γ = 117.13(1)°. The coordination geometry around the vanadium is a highly distorted octahedron. The molecule is remarkable for being a monomeric oxovanadium(IV) carboxylate. A generalized synthetic strategy is proposed for the preparation of oxovanadium(IV) monomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coordination Chemistry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - CHEMICAL structure
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - VANADIUM
KW  - OXO compounds
KW  - Carboxylate
KW  - Monomeric
KW  - Oxo
KW  - Vanadium
KW  - Vanadyl
N1  - Accession Number: 11548871; Schupp, John D. 1 Duraj, Stan A. 1 Richman, Robert M. 2 Hepp, Aloysius F. 3; Email Address: a.f.hepp@grc.nasa.gov Fanwick, Phillip E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: Department of Science, Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, MD 21727, USA  3: Thin-Film Group, NASA, John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2002, Vol. 55 Issue 9, p1045; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: CHEMICAL structure; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: VANADIUM; Subject Term: OXO compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carboxylate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monomeric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vanadium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vanadyl; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/0095897021000010008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harris, Jerry D.
AU  - Eckles, William E.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
AU  - Duraj, Stan A.
AU  - Fanwick, Phillip E.
AU  - Richardson, John
AU  - Gordon, Edward M.
T1  - Corrigendum to ‘Room temperature dissolution of metal powders by thiourea: a novel route to transition metal isothiocyanate complexes’: [Mater. Des. 22 (2001) 625–634]
JO  - Materials & Design
JF  - Materials & Design
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 581
SN  - 02613069
N1  - Accession Number: 7864408; Harris, Jerry D. 1 Eckles, William E. 1 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: a.f.hepp@grc.nasa.gov Duraj, Stan A. 1 Fanwick, Phillip E. 3 Richardson, John 4 Gordon, Edward M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: Thin-Film Technology Group, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA  5: Natural Science Division, Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 23 Issue 6, p581; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
T1  - A method for calculating proton–nucleus elastic cross-sections
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 194
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Recently [Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 145 (1998) 277; Extraction of in-medium nucleon–nucleon amplitude from experiment, NASA-TP, 1998], we developed a method of extracting nucleon–nucleon (N–N) cross-sections in the medium directly from experiment. The in-medium N–N cross-sections form the basic ingredients of several heavy-ion scattering approaches including the coupled-channel approach developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. We investigated [Proton–nucleus total cross-sections in coupled-channel approach, NASA/TP, 2000; Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 173–174 (2001) 391] the ratio of real to imaginary part of the two body scattering amplitude in the medium. These ratios are used in combination with the in-medium N–N cross-sections to calculate proton–nucleus elastic cross-sections. The agreement is excellent with the available experimental data. These cross-sections are needed for the radiation risk assessment of space missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NUCLEON-nucleon scattering
KW  - HEAVY ions
N1  - Accession Number: 7869211; Tripathi, R.K. 1; Email Address: r.k.tripathi@larc.nasa.gov Wilson, J.W. 1 Cucinotta, F.A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188B, 23681-0001 Hampton, VA, USA  2: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 194 Issue 3, p229; Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEON-nucleon scattering; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hergenrother, P.M.
AU  - Watson, K.A.
AU  - Smith Jr, J.G.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
AU  - Yokota, R.
T1  - Polyimides from 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic diamines
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 43
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5077
SN  - 00323861
AB  - A series of new polyimides were prepared from the reaction of 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA) with various aromatic diamines. The properties of the a-BPDA polyimides were compared with those of polyimides prepared from the reaction of 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (s-BPDA) with the same aromatic diamines. Films of the a-BPDA polyimides had higher glass transition temperatures (Tgs) and less color than the corresponding s-BPDA polyimide films. Light transmission at 500 nm, solar absorptivity, and thermal emissivity were determined on certain films. Films of similar polyimides based upon a-BPDA and s-BPDA containing meta linkages and others containing para linkages were each cured at 250, 300, and 350 °C. The films were characterized primarily by Tg, color, optical transparency, tensile properties, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and coefficient of thermal expansion. The a-BPDA meta linked polyimide films had tensile strengths and moduli higher than films of the a-BPDA para linked polyimide. The same phenomenon was not observed for the s-BPDA meta and para linked polyimides. The chemistry, mechanical, and physical properties of the polymers and films are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - Low color thin films
KW  - Polyimides
KW  - Structure property relationship
N1  - Accession Number: 7854649; Hergenrother, P.M. 1; Email Address: p.m.hergenrother@larc.nasa.gov Watson, K.A. 1 Smith Jr, J.G. 1 Connell, J.W. 1 Yokota, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Langley Research Center, 6A W. Taylor Street Mail Stop 226, 23681-0001 Hampton, VA, USA  2: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 43 Issue 19, p5077; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low color thin films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structure property relationship; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
AU  - Jost, H.
AU  - Grose, J.
AU  - Eilers, J.
AU  - Lynch, D.
AU  - Jensen, S.
AU  - Marmie, J.
T1  - Argus: a new instrument for the measurement of the stratospheric dynamical tracers, N2O and CH4
JO  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 58
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2329
SN  - 13861425
AB  - We describe here a new instrument for the simultaneous, in situ measurement of the stratospheric tracer molecules, nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). Argus is unique in its small size making it well suited for limited payload atmospheric research platforms. Argus employs second harmonic spectroscopy using tunable lead–salt diode lasers emitting in the mid-infrared. We first explain the Argus design philosophy followed by detailed descriptions of the instrument''s optical, mechanical, and thermal sub-systems. Argus employs an in-flight calibration system providing real time calibrations and tightly constrained uncertainty estimates of the returned data. Data analysis is carried out using non-linear least-squares model fits to the acquired second harmonic spectra. A sampling of Argus data acquired on a recent stratospheric research campaign in the Arctic winter is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - LASERS
KW  - INFRARED equipment
KW  - NEW York (State)
KW  - ALBANY (N.Y.)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Methane
KW  - Nitrous oxide
KW  - Second harmonic spectroscopy
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Tracers
N1  - Accession Number: 7865922; Loewenstein, Max; Email Address: mloewenstein@mail.arc.nasa.gov Jost, H. 1 Grose, J. 1 Eilers, J. 1 Lynch, D. 1 Jensen, S. 1 Marmie, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 58 Issue 11, p2329; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: INFRARED equipment; Subject Term: NEW York (State); Subject Term: ALBANY (N.Y.); Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrous oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Second harmonic spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tracers; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hudspeth, Q.M.
AU  - Nagle, K.P.
AU  - Zhao, Y.-P.
AU  - Karabacak, T.
AU  - Nguyen, C.V.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Wang, G.-C.
AU  - Lu, T.-M.
T1  - How does a multiwalled carbon nanotube atomic force microscopy probe affect the determination of surface roughness statistics?
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 515
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 453
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Through statistical analysis of atomic force micrographs of sputtered-silicon films, we examine the determination of surface roughness parameters, and how this determination is affected by probe characteristics, such as sharpness and aspect ratio. We compare values for the roughness exponent, <f>α</f>, and the lateral correlation length, <f>ξ</f>, calculated from micrographs obtained with multiple standard atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes in contact and noncontact modes, as well as from micrographs obtained with a multiwalled-nanotube-enhanced AFM probe. The sharper, lower-aspect-ratio nanotube probe is expected to provide a truer picture of the roughness parameters for these films. Using the nanotube probe, we obtained <f>α=0.61±0.02</f>, as compared to <f>α∼0.83</f> obtained with conventional probes. We have also found the nanotube probe is able to detect a smaller lateral correlation length compared to that of the conventional AFM probes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - DENDRITIC crystals
KW  - Atomic force microscopy
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Dendritic and/or fractile surfaces
KW  - Surface roughening
N1  - Accession Number: 7861716; Hudspeth, Q.M. 1; Email Address: hudspq@rpi.edu Nagle, K.P. 2 Zhao, Y.-P. 1 Karabacak, T. 1 Nguyen, C.V. 3,4 Meyyappan, M. 3 Wang, G.-C. 1 Lu, T.-M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA  2: Department of Physics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: ELORET Corporation, 690 W. Fremont Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 515 Issue 2/3, p453; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: DENDRITIC crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic force microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dendritic and/or fractile surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface roughening; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arbocz, J.
AU  - Starnes Jr, J.H.
T1  - Future directions and challenges in shell stability analysis
JO  - Thin-Walled Structures
JF  - Thin-Walled Structures
Y1  - 2002/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 729
SN  - 02638231
AB  - Recent advances in structural analysis and design technology for buckling-critical shell structures are discussed. These advances include a hierarchical analysis strategy that includes analyses that range from classical analysis methods to high-fidelity nonlinear finite element analysis methods, reliability based design methods, the development of imperfection data bases, and the identification of traditional and nontraditional initial imperfections for composite shell structures. When used judiciously, these advances provide the basis for a viable alternative to the traditional and conservative lower-bound design philosophy of the 1960s. These advances also help answer the question of why, after so many years of concentrated research effort to understand the behavior of buckling-critical thin-walled shells, one has not been able to improve on this conservative lower- bound design philosophy in the past. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin-Walled Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN-walled structures
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 7844479; Arbocz, J. 1; Email Address: a.vanlienden@lr.tudelft.nl Starnes Jr, J.H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Koiter Institute, Postbus 5058, 2600 Delft, The Netherlands  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 40 Issue 9, p729; Subject Term: THIN-walled structures; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
AU  - Rodgers, S.D.
AU  - Kuan, Y.-J.
AU  - Huang, H.-C.
T1  - Biomolecules in the interstellar medium and in comets
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/09/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1419
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We review recent studies of organic molecule formation in dense molecular clouds and in comets. We summarise the known organic inventories of molecular clouds and recent comets, particularly Hale-Bopp. The principal chemical formation pathways involving gas phase reactions, as well as formation by catalytic reactions on grain surfaces or through dust fragmentation, are identified for both dense clouds and cometary comae. The processes leading to organic molecules with known biological function, carbon chains, deuterium fractionation, HNC and S-bearing compounds are described. Observational searches for new interstellar organics are outlined and the connection between observed interstellar organics and those detected in comets Hale-Bopp and Hyakutake are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOMOLECULES
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 9123692; Charnley, S.B. 1 Rodgers, S.D. 1 Kuan, Y.-J. 2 Huang, H.-C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035-1000, USA  2: National Taiwan Normal University & Academia Sinica Inst. of Astron. & Astrophys., Taipei, Taiwan; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1419; Subject Term: BIOMOLECULES; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kress, M.E.
AU  - Desch, S.J.
AU  - Dateo, C.E.
AU  - Benedix, G.
T1  - Shock processing of interstellar nitrogen compounds in the solar nebula
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/09/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1473
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Some organic material in chondrites (primitive meteorites) exhibits a very low 14N/15N, suggesting that the compounds that carry this heavy nitrogen signature formed in the interstellar medium. Other organic components of the same chondrites show a more solar isotopic signature, suggesting they derive from an isotopically solar reservoir of nitrogen such as N2 or NH3 in the solar nebula. In this work, we model the chemistry of the shocks that have been hypothesized as the mechanism to melt chondrules. We find that such shocks (<F>&ap; 8 km/s</F>) do not produce significant amounts of HCN and CN if all nitrogen is initially locked in N2 and all carbon is locked in CO. Only when NH3 or CH4 (or both) were present in the initial pre-shock nebula gas do CN and HCN form. We also find that C2H2 (acetylene) and C2H form in low abundances if the carbon is all locked in CO in the pre-shock gas. The presence of CH4 facilitates the formation of acetylene and related compounds. In the absence of CH4 or NH3, only negligible amounts of species containing C&z.tbnd;C or C&z.tbnd;N bonds form. Acetylene and cyanide-related compounds may be precursors to the organics that condensed into meteorites about 4.5 billion years ago. We find that CN bonds largely survive these shocks; thus, the very low interstellar 14N/15N signature can be preserved if the 15N is carried by C&z.tbnd;N-bearing interstellar compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - NITROGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 9123699; Kress, M.E. 1 Desch, S.J. 2 Dateo, C.E. 3 Benedix, G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Astrobiology Program & Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1580 USA  2: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000 USA  4: Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0119 USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1473; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: NITROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernstein, M.P.
AU  - Dworkin, J.P.
AU  - Sandford, S.A.
AU  - Allamandola, L.J.
T1  - Ultraviolet irradiation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) naphthalene in H2O. Implications for meteorites and biogenesis
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/09/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1501
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) naphthalene was exposed to ultraviolet radiation in H2O ice under astrophysical conditions, and the products were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. As we found in our earlier studies on the photoprocessing of coronene in H2O ice, aromatic alcohols and ketones (quinones) were formed. The regiochemistry reported here leads to specific predictions of the relative abundances of oxidized naphthalenes that should exist in meteorites. Since oxidized PAHs are present in meteorites and interplanetary dust particles, and ubiquitous in and fundamental to biochemistry, the delivery of such extraterrestrial molecules to the early Earth may have played a role in the origin and evolution of life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AROMATIC compounds
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
N1  - Accession Number: 9123704; Bernstein, M.P. 1,2 Dworkin, J.P. 1,2 Sandford, S.A. 2 Allamandola, L.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1501; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pohorille, A.
T1  - From organic molecules in space to the origins of life and back
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/09/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1509
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Delivery of organic molecules much simpler than building blocks of biological structures may have been sufficient to initiate the process of chemical evolution leading to the first forms of life. By defining the simplest protocellular systems, it is possible to deduce what organic molecules were likely to be necessary for this process. Some of these molecules were building blocks of protocellular structures which self-assembed from amphiphilic compounds into vesicles and other structures, such as micelles and multilayers. There must also have been relatively simple mechanisms by which amino acids or their precursors were incorporated into simple peptides. At some point this process became compartmented in vesicles, which would require the emergence of cellular transport and metabolism. Energy required for these processes may have been provided by the coupling of the transmembrane proton gradient to the synthesis of high energy compounds, such as thioesters, or by carbon disproportionation reactions, starting with sugars. If these conjectures are correct, it follows that the first forms of life emerged as self-contained molecular systems, rather than as macromolecules that somehow incorporated the basic properties associated with the living state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - ORIGIN of life
KW  - SPACE biology
N1  - Accession Number: 9123705; Pohorille, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1509; Subject Term: ORIGIN of life; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Rettberg, P.
AU  - Mancinelli, R.L.
T1  - Preface
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/09/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1523
SN  - 02731177
N1  - Accession Number: 9123706; Rettberg, P. 1 Mancinelli, R.L. 2; Affiliation:  1: DLR Institute of Aerospace Medicine Germany  2: NASA Ames Research Center USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1523; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rummel, J.D.
AU  - Stabekis, P.D.
AU  - Devincenzi, D.L.
AU  - Barengoltz, J.B.
T1  - COSPAR's planetary protection policy: A consolidated draft
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/09/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1567
SN  - 02731177
AB  - One of the duties of COSPAR''s Panel on Planetary Protection is the development, maintenance, and promulgation of a planetary protection policy. Historically, COSPAR''s policy has been maintained in a series of published papers and related Council resolutions, but a consolidated version of the COSPAR policy has not been available. This presentation consists of a draft version of the COSPAR policy as it currently stands, now placed into a single document. This document will form the basis from which it is anticipated that an updated policy will be crafted, and which, if accepted by the Panel, Bureau and Council, will form the basis for future policy deliberations and refinements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - OUTER space
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 9123713; Rummel, J.D. 1 Stabekis, P.D. 2 Devincenzi, D.L. 3 Barengoltz, J.B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Office of Space Science, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA  2: The Windermere Group, 525 School Street SW, Suite 201, Washington, DC 20024, USA  3: MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 125-224, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1567; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - Planetary protection for a Europa surface sample return: The Ice Clipper mission
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/09/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1601
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The surface of Europa may hold biochemical evidence of life in the ocean below. Plans for the analysis and return of samples containing organics from the surface of Europa are well developed; for example, the Ice Clipper Mission. Planetary protection issues must be considered in planning for a returned sample from Europa. Previous studies for sample return from Mars and the return of comet dust by the Stardust mission provide a basis for comparison for a Europa sample return mission. The extreme radiation environment on the surface of Europa would kill even the most radiation resistant microorganism present to depths of many tens of meters in the ice. The Ice Clipper mission would impact sample the upper 1.2 to 3.4 m of the ice depending on the surface hardness. At these depths the radiation dose is expected to be 500 and 40 rads/year, respectively. These dose rates would kill dormant cells in less than 36,000 and 450,000 years even for the most radiation resistant strains. It is therefore likely that a Europa sample return mission such as Ice Clipper can be treated using the Stardust mission as a model for planetary protection, that is, the returned material can be assumed to pose no biological risk. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - PLANETS
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 9123718; McKay, C.P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1601; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tao, Gang
AU  - Tang, Xidong
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Adaptive output rejection of unmatched input disturbances
JO  - Systems & Control Letters
JF  - Systems & Control Letters
Y1  - 2002/09/16/
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
SN  - 01676911
AB  - To adaptively reject the effect of certain unmatched input disturbances on the output of a linear time-invariant system, a transfer function matching condition is needed. A lemma which presents a novel basic property of linear systems is derived to characterize system conditions for such transfer function matching. An adaptive disturbance rejection control scheme is developed for such systems with uncertain dynamics parameters and disturbance parameters. This adaptive control technique is applicable to control of systems with actuator failures whose failure values, failure time instants, and failure patterns are unknown. A solution is presented to this adaptive actuator failure compensation problem, which ensures closed-loop stability and asymptotic output tracking, in the presence of any up to <f>m−1</f> uncertain failures of the total <f>m</f> actuators. Desired adaptive system performance is verified by simulation results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - LINEAR time invariant systems
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - TRANSFER functions (Mathematics)
KW  - Actuator failure
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Disturbance rejection
KW  - Output tracking
KW  - Stability
KW  - Unmatched disturbances
N1  - Accession Number: 7851222; Tao, Gang 1 Tang, Xidong 1 Joshi, Suresh M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  2: Mail Stop 161, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2002, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: LINEAR time invariant systems; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: TRANSFER functions (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuator failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disturbance rejection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Output tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unmatched disturbances; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
AU  - Przekwas, A.J.
AU  - Liu, Yen
T1  - A FV-TD electromagnetic solver using adaptive Cartesian grids
JO  - Computer Physics Communications
JF  - Computer Physics Communications
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 148
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
SN  - 00104655
AB  - A second-order finite-volume (FV) method has been developed to solve the time-domain (TD) Maxwell equations, which govern the dynamics of electromagnetic waves. The computational electromagnetic (CEM) solver is capable of handling arbitrary grids, including structured, unstructured, and adaptive Cartesian grids, which are topologically arbitrary. It is argued in this paper that the adaptive Cartesian grid is better than a tetrahedral grid for complex geometries considering both efficiency and accuracy. A cell-wise linear reconstruction scheme is employed to achieve second-order spatial accuracy. Second-order time accuracy is obtained through a two-step Runge–Kutta scheme. Issues on automatic adaptive Cartesian grid generation such as cell-cutting and cell-merging are discussed. A multi-dimensional characteristic absorbing boundary condition (MDC-ABC) is developed at the truncated far-field boundary to reduce reflected waves from this artificial boundary. The CEM solver is demonstrated with several test cases with analytical solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - FINITE volume method
KW  - Adaptive Cartesian grid
KW  - Computational electromagnetics
KW  - Finite volume method
N1  - Accession Number: 7869464; Wang, Z.J. 1; Email Address: zjw@egr.msu.edu Przekwas, A.J. 2 Liu, Yen 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA  2: CFD Research Corporation, 215 Wynn Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA  3: Research Scientist, Mail Stop T27B-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 148 Issue 1, p17; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive Cartesian grid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational electromagnetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite volume method; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Driver, David M.
AU  - Mateer, George G.
T1  - Wake flow in adverse pressure gradient
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 564
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - In the interest of improving the predictability of high-lift systems at maximum lift conditions, a series of fundamental experiments were conducted to study the effects of adverse pressure gradient on a wake flow. Mean and fluctuating velocities were measured with a two-component laser-Doppler velocimeter. Data were obtained for several cases of adverse pressure gradient, producing flows ranging from no reversed flow to massively reversed flow. While the turbulent Reynolds stresses increase with increasing size of the reversed flow region, the gradient of Reynolds stress <f>(−∂<ovl type="bar" STYLE="S">uv</ovl>/∂y)</f> does not. Computations using various turbulence models were unable to reproduce the reversed flow. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - LASER Doppler velocimeter
N1  - Accession Number: 7823700; Driver, David M. 1; Email Address: ddriver@mail.arc.nasa.gov Mateer, George G. 2; Email Address: gmateer@worldnet.att.net; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center M/S 260-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: MCAT Institute, Los Gatos, CA 95030, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 23 Issue 5, p564; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: LASER Doppler velocimeter; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chickos, James S.
AU  - Hillesheim, Dorothea
AU  - Nichols, Gary
AU  - Zehe, Michael J.
T1  - The enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation of exo- and endo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadienes at <f>T=298.15</f> K
JO  - Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 34
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1647
SN  - 00219614
AB  - The vaporization enthalpies <f>{ΔglHm</f> (298.15 K)} of endo- and exo-tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (THDCPD) have been measured by correlation gas chromatography. Values of <f>(50.2±2.3) kJ·mol−1</f> and <f>(49.1±2.3) kJ·mol−1</f> have been obtained for the endo and exo isomers, respectively. The sublimation enthalpy of the endo isomer <f>{ΔgcrHm(298.15 K)=(51.2±2.4) kJ·mol−1}</f> has been obtained by combining fusion and vaporization enthalpies adjusted as necessary to <f>T=298.15</f> K. Low-temperature d.s.c. studies of both isomers reveal solid-to-solid phase transitions. The endo isomer, which is a plastic crystal at room temperature, exhibits a solid-to-solid phase transition at <f>T=214</f> K <f>{Δcr(1)cr(2)Hm(214 K)=(10.7±0.13) kJ·mol−1}</f> and a melting temperature of 356.8 K <f>{Δlcr(1)Hm(356.8 K)=(3.48±0.2) kJ·mol−1}</f> with some evidence of polymorphism. The exo isomer exhibits a solid phase transition at <f>T=162.1</f> K <f>{Δcr(1)cr(2)Hm(162.1 K)=(3.18±0.11) kJ·mol−1}</f> and a melting temperature of 183.2 K <f>{Δlcr(1)Hm(183.2 K)=(1.20±0.04) kJ·mol−1}</f>. Enthalpies of vaporization and sublimation are combined with the respective enthalpies of formation previously reported to yield the following gas-phase values: for endo THDCPD, <f>ΔfH∘m=−(61.9±3.2) kJ·mol−1</f>; and for exo-THDCPD, <f>ΔfH∘m=−(73.7±2.7) kJ·mol−1</f>. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - GAS chromatography
N1  - Accession Number: 7783934; Chickos, James S.; Email Address: jsc@umsl.edu Hillesheim, Dorothea 1 Nichols, Gary 1 Zehe, Michael J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis MO 63121, USA  2: NASA John Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 34 Issue 10, p1647; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Subject Term: GAS chromatography; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Tweed, J.
AU  - Tai, H.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
T1  - A simple model for straggling evaluation
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 194
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Simple straggling models had largely been abandoned in favor of Monte Carlo simulations of straggling which are accurate but time consuming, limiting their application in practice. The difficulty of simple analytic models is the failure to give accurate values past 85% of the particle range. A simple model is derived herein based on a second order approximation upon which rapid analysis tools are developed for improved understanding of material charged particle transmission properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - STRAGGLING (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 7873758; Wilson, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.wilson@larc.nasa.gov Tweed, J. 2 Tai, H. 1 Tripathi, R.K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188B, 8 West Taylor Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 194 Issue 4, p389; Subject Term: STRAGGLING (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lane, Helen W.
AU  - Feeback, Daniel L.
T1  - History of nutrition in space flight: Overview
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 797
SN  - 08999007
AB  - Major accomplishments in nutritional sciences for support of human space travel have occurred over the past 40 y. This article reviews these accomplishments, beginning with the early Gemini program and continuing through the impressive results from the first space station Skylab program that focused on life sciences research, the Russian contributions through the Mir space station, the US Shuttle life sciences research, and the emerging International Space Station missions. Nutrition is affected by environmental conditions such as radiation, temperature, and atmospheric pressures, and these are reviewed. Nutrition with respect to space flight is closely interconnected with other life sciences research disciplines including the study of hematology, immunology, as well as neurosensory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, circadian rhythms, and musculoskeletal physiology. These relationships are reviewed in reference to the overall history of nutritional science in human space flight. Cumulative nutritional research over the past four decades has resulted in the current nutritional requirements for astronauts. Space-flight nutritional recommendations are presented along with the critical path road map that outlines the research needed for future development of nutritional requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nutrition is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - NUTRITION
KW  - SPACE nutrition
KW  - atmospheric pressure
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - circadian rhythms
KW  - gastrointestinal
KW  - Gemini
KW  - hematology
KW  - immunology
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - microgravity
KW  - Mir
KW  - musculoskeletal physiology
KW  - neurosensory
KW  - nutrition
KW  - radiation
KW  - Shuttle
KW  - Skylab
KW  - space flight
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 7885727; Lane, Helen W. 1; Email Address: hlane@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Feeback, Daniel L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p797; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: NUTRITION; Subject Term: SPACE nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiovascular; Author-Supplied Keyword: circadian rhythms; Author-Supplied Keyword: gastrointestinal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gemini; Author-Supplied Keyword: hematology; Author-Supplied Keyword: immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mir; Author-Supplied Keyword: musculoskeletal physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: neurosensory; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shuttle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skylab; Author-Supplied Keyword: space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lane, Helen W.
AU  - Feeback, Daniel L.
T1  - Water and energy dietary requirements and endocrinology of human space flight
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 820
SN  - 08999007
AB  - Fluid and energy metabolism and related endocrine changes have been studied nearly from the beginning of human space flight in association with short- and long-duration flights. Fluid and electrolyte nutrition status is affected by many factors including the microgravity environment, stress, changes in body composition, diet, exercise habits, sleep cycles, and ambient temperature and humidity conditions. Space flight exposes astronauts to all these factors and consequently poses significant challenges to establishing dietary water, sodium, potassium, and energy recommendations. The purpose of this article is to review the results of ground-based and space flight research studies that have led to current water, electrolyte, and energy dietary requirements for humans during space flight and to give an overview of related endocrinologic changes that have been observed in humans during short- and long-duration space flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nutrition is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - BODY fluids
KW  - NUTRITION
KW  - SPACE nutrition
KW  - body weight
KW  - dietary requirements
KW  - electrolytes
KW  - endocrinology
KW  - energy
KW  - hormones
KW  - iodine
KW  - microgravity
KW  - nutrition
KW  - plasma volume
KW  - space flight
KW  - thyroid hormones
KW  - total body water
N1  - Accession Number: 7885731; Lane, Helen W. 1; Email Address: hlane@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Feeback, Daniel L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p820; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: BODY fluids; Subject Term: NUTRITION; Subject Term: SPACE nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: body weight; Author-Supplied Keyword: dietary requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrolytes; Author-Supplied Keyword: endocrinology; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: hormones; Author-Supplied Keyword: iodine; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: thyroid hormones; Author-Supplied Keyword: total body water; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wade, C.E.
AU  - Miller, M.M.
AU  - Baer, L.A.
AU  - Moran, M.M.
AU  - Steele, M.K.
AU  - Stein, T.P.
T1  - Body mass, energy intake, and water consumption of rats and humans during space flight
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2002/10//
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 829
SN  - 08999007
AB  - Alteration of metabolism has been suggested as a major limiting factor to long-term space flight. In humans and primates, a negative energy balance has been reported. The metabolic response of rats to space flight has been suggested to result in a negative energy balance. We hypothesized that rats flown in space would maintain energy balance as indicated by maintenance of caloric intake and body mass gain. Further, the metabolism of the rat would be similar to that of laboratory-reared animals. We studied the results from 15 space flights lasting 4 to 19 d. There was no difference in average body weight (206 ± 13.9 versus 206 ± 14.8 g), body weight gain (5.8 ± 0.48 versus 5.9 ± 0.56 g/d), caloric intake (309 ± 21.0 versus 309 ± 20.1 kcal/kg of body mass per day), or water intake (200 ± 8.6 versus 199 ± 9.3 mL/kg of body mass per day) between flight and ground control animals. Compared with standard laboratory animals of similar body mass, no differences were noted. The observations suggested that the negative balance observed in humans and non-human primates may be due to other factors in the space-flight environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nutrition is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - WATER consumption
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - caloric intake
KW  - energy balance
KW  - energy expenditure
KW  - microgravity
KW  - non-human primate
N1  - Accession Number: 7885732; Wade, C.E. 1; Email Address: cwade@mail.arc.nasa.gov Miller, M.M. 1 Baer, L.A. 1 Moran, M.M. 1 Steele, M.K. 1 Stein, T.P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Life Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey—SOM, Stratford, New Jersey, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p829; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: WATER consumption; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: caloric intake; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy expenditure; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-human primate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Ounaies, Zoubeida
AU  - Watson, Kent A.
AU  - Crooks, Roy E.
AU  - Smith Jr., Joseph
AU  - Lowther, Sharon E.
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Harrison, Joycelyn S.
AU  - Clair, Terry L. St.
T1  - Dispersion of single wall carbon nanotubes by in situ polymerization under sonication
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2002/10/04/
VL  - 364
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Single wall nanotube reinforced polyimide nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization of monomers of interest in the presence of sonication. This process enabled uniform dispersion of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) bundles in the polymer matrix. The resultant SWNT–polyimide nanocomposite films were electrically conductive (antistatic) and optically transparent with significant conductivity enhancement (10 orders of magnitude) at a very low loading (0.1 vol%). Mechanical properties as well as thermal stability were also improved with the incorporation of the SWNT. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - POLYIMIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 7884843; Park, Cheol 1; Email Address: c.park@larc.nasa.gov Ounaies, Zoubeida 1 Watson, Kent A. 1 Crooks, Roy E. 2 Smith Jr., Joseph 3 Lowther, Sharon E. 3 Connell, John W. 3 Siochi, Emilie J. 3 Harrison, Joycelyn S. 3 Clair, Terry L. St. 3; Affiliation:  1: ICASE, Advanced Materials & Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, 6 West Taylor Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Lockheed Martin, Advanced Materials & Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, 6 West Taylor Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Advanced Materials & Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 364 Issue 3/4, p303; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harris, Jerry D.
AU  - Eckles, William E.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
AU  - Duraj, Stan A.
AU  - Fanwick, Phillip E.
T1  - Synthesis and characterization of anionic transition metal isothiocyanate complexes prepared from metal powders and thiourea
JO  - Inorganica Chimica Acta
JF  - Inorganica Chimica Acta
Y1  - 2002/10/14/
VL  - 338
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
SN  - 00201693
AB  - Three new isothiocyanate-4-methylpyridine anionic compounds were prepared by refluxing metal powders (Mn, Fe, and Cu) with thiourea in 4-methylpyridine (γ-picoline). The isothiocyanate ligand is believed to be generated in situ by the isomerization of thiourea to NH4 +SCN− at reflux temperatures. The complexes (Hpic)2[Mn(NCS)4(pic)2]·2pic (1), (Hpic)2[Fe(NCS)4(pic)2]·2pic (2), and (Hpic)[Cu(NCS)3(pic)2]·pic (3) (where pic=γ-picoline) were characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural with four equatorially bound isothiocyanate ligands and two axially bound γ-picoline molecules. Compound 3 is a five-coordinate Cu(II) molecule with a distorted square pyramidal geometry. Coordinated picoline and two isothiocyanates form the basal plane and the remaining isothiocyanate is bound at the apex. The structural data for compounds 1, 2, and 3 are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - THIOCYANATES
KW  - TRANSITION metals
KW  - THIOUREA
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Crystal structures
KW  - Isothiocyanate
KW  - Methylpyridine
KW  - Picoline
KW  - Thiocyanate
N1  - Accession Number: 7918264; Harris, Jerry D. 1,2 Eckles, William E. 1 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: a.f.hepp@grc.nasa.gov Duraj, Stan A. 1; Email Address: s.duraj@csuohio.edu Fanwick, Phillip E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: Thin-Film Technology Group, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 338, p99; Subject Term: THIOCYANATES; Subject Term: TRANSITION metals; Subject Term: THIOUREA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coordination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isothiocyanate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methylpyridine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Picoline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thiocyanate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Mennella, V.
AU  - Miller, E.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
T1  - Cassini/VIMS observations of the moon
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/10/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1889
SN  - 02731177
AB  - In this paper, we present preliminary scientific results obtained from the analysis of VIMS (Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) lunar images and spectra. These data were obtained during the Cassini Earth flyby in August 1999. Spectral ratios have been produced in order to derive lunar mineralogical maps. Some spectra observed at the north-east lunar limb, show few unusual absorption features located at 0.357, 0.430 and 0.452 μm, the origin of which is presently unknown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOON -- Observations
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 8762097; Bellucci, G. 1 Brown, R.H. 2 Formisano, V. 1 Baines, K.H. 3 Bibring, J.-P. 4 Buratti, B.J. 3 Capaccioni, F. 5 Cerroni, P. 5 Clark, R.N. 6 Coradini, A. 5 Cruikshank, D.P. 7 Drossart, P. 8 Jaumann, R. 9 Langevin, Y. 4 Matson, D.L. 3 McCord, T.B. 10 Mennella, V. 11 Miller, E. 3 Nelson, R.M. 3 Nicholson, P.D. 12; Affiliation:  1: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Rome, 00133, Italy  2: Depts. of Planetary Sciences and Astronomy, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS, F-91405 Orsay, France  5: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, CNR, Rome, 00133, Italy  6: United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225-0046, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Observatoire de Paris, Meudon Cedex 92195, France  9: DLR-Institut für Weltraumsensorik und Planetenerkundung, 12489 Berlin-Adlershof, Germany  10: HIGP/SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  11: Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli 80131, Italy  12: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 30 Issue 8, p1889; Subject Term: MOON -- Observations; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdalla, Mohamed O.
AU  - Dean, Derrick
AU  - Campbell, Sandi
T1  - Viscoelastic and mechanical properties of thermoset PMR-type polyimide–clay nanocomposites
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2002/10/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 5887
SN  - 00323861
AB  - High temperature thermoset polyimide–clay nanocomposites were prepared by blending 2.5 and 5 wt% of an unmodified Na+-montmorillonite (PGV) and two organically modified PGV (PGVC10COOH, PGVC12) with a methanol solution of PMR-15 precursor. The methanol facilitated the dispersal of the unmodified clay. Dynamic mechanical analysis results showed a significant increase in the thermomechanical properties (E′ and E″) of 2.5 wt% clay loaded nanocomposites in comparison with the neat polyimide. Higher glass transition temperatures were observed for 2.5 wt% nanocomposites compared to the neat polyimide. Flexural properties measurements for the 2.5 wt% nanocomposites showed a significant improvement in the modulus and strength, with no loss in elongation. This trend was not observed for the 5 wt% nanocomposites. An improvement in the CTE was observed for the PGV/PMR-15 nanocomposites, while a decrease was observed for the organically modified samples. This was attributed to potential variations in the interface caused by modifier degradation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
KW  - METHANOL
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - Layered silicates
KW  - Nanocomposite
KW  - PMR-15
N1  - Accession Number: 8779296; Abdalla, Mohamed O. 1 Dean, Derrick 1; Email Address: deand@tusk.edu Campbell, Sandi 2; Affiliation:  1: Tuskegee-Center for Advanced Materials, 101 Chappie James Center, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 43 Issue 22, p5887; Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; Subject Term: METHANOL; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Layered silicates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMR-15; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaban, Galina M.
AU  - Lundell, Jan
AU  - Benny Gerber, R.
T1  - Theoretical study of decomposition pathways for HArF and HKrF
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2002/10/16/
VL  - 364
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 628
SN  - 00092614
AB  - To provide theoretical insights into the stability and dynamics of the new rare gas compounds HArF and HKrF, reaction paths for decomposition processes <f>HRgF→Rg+HF</f> and <f>HRgF→H+Rg+F</f> (Rg=Ar, Kr) are calculated using ab initio electronic structure methods. The bending channels, <f>HRgF→Rg+HF</f>, are described by single-configurational MP2 and CCSD(T) electronic structure methods, while the linear decomposition paths, <f>HRgF→H+Rg+F</f>, require the use of multi-configurational wave functions that include dynamic correlation and are size extensive. HArF and HKrF molecules are found to be energetically stable with respect to atomic dissociation products (H + Rg + F) and separated by substantial energy barriers from Rg + HF products, which ensure their kinetic stability. The results are compatible with experimental data on these systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RARE gas compounds
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - ELECTRODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 7891045; Chaban, Galina M. 1; Email Address: chaban@nas.nasa.gov Lundell, Jan 2 Benny Gerber, R. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, (A.I.Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland  3: Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel  4: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 364 Issue 5/6, p628; Subject Term: RARE gas compounds; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ELECTRODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cinke, Martin
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Chen, Bin
AU  - Cassell, Alan
AU  - Delzeit, Lance
AU  - Han, Jie
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Pore structure of raw and purified HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2002/10/28/
VL  - 365
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Very high purity single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were obtained from HiPco SWNT samples containing Fe particles by a two-step purification process. The raw and purified samples were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The purified sample consists of <f>∼</f>0.4% Fe and the process does not seem to introduce any additional defects. The <f>N2</f> adsorption isotherm studies at 77 K reveal that the total surface area of the purified sample increases to 1587 <f>m2</f>/g from 567 <f>m2</f>/g for the raw material, which is the highest value reported for SWNTs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - IRON
N1  - Accession Number: 7896808; Cinke, Martin Li, Jing; Email Address: jingli@mail.arc.nasa.gov Chen, Bin Cassell, Alan Delzeit, Lance 1 Han, Jie Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, M/S 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2002, Vol. 365 Issue 1/2, p69; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: IRON; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Becklin, E.E.
AU  - Moon, L.J.
T1  - Stratospheric observatory for infrared astronomy (SOFIA)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/11//
VL  - 30
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2083
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The joint U.S. and German SOFIA project to develop and operate a 2.5-meter infrared airborne telescope in a Boeing 747-SP is now well into development. First science flights will begin in 2004 with 20% of the observing time assigned to German investigators. The observatory is expected to operate for over 20 years. The sensitivity, characteristics and science instrument complement are discussed. SOFIA will have instrumentation that will allow astronomical surveys that were not possible on the KAO. A future SOFIA survey project related to astrochemistry is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 8762080; Becklin, E.E. 1,2 Moon, L.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1562, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Nov2002, Vol. 30 Issue 9, p2083; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vora, Jeenal
AU  - Nair, Santosh
AU  - Gramopadhye, Anand K.
AU  - Duchowski, Andrew T.
AU  - Melloy, Brian J.
AU  - Kanki, Barbara
T1  - Using virtual reality technology for aircraft visual inspection training: presence and comparison studies
JO  - Applied Ergonomics
JF  - Applied Ergonomics
Y1  - 2002/11//
VL  - 33
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 559
SN  - 00036870
AB  - The aircraft maintenance industry is a complex system consisting of several interrelated human and machine components. Recognizing this, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has pursued human factors related research. In the maintenance arena the research has focused on the aircraft inspection process and the aircraft inspector. Training has been identified as the primary intervention strategy to improve the quality and reliability of aircraft inspection. If training is to be successful, it is critical that we provide aircraft inspectors with appropriate training tools and environment. In response to this need, the paper outlines the development of a virtual reality (VR) system for aircraft inspection training.VR has generated much excitement but little formal proof that it is useful. However, since VR interfaces are difficult and expensive to build, the computer graphics community needs to be able to predict which applications will benefit from VR. To address this important issue, this research measured the degree of immersion and presence felt by subjects in a virtual environment simulator. Specifically, it conducted two controlled studies using the VR system developed for visual inspection task of an aft-cargo bay at the VR Lab of Clemson University. Beyond assembling the visual inspection virtual environment, a significant goal of this project was to explore subjective presence as it affects task performance. The results of this study indicated that the system scored high on the issues related to the degree of presence felt by the subjects. As a next logical step, this study, then, compared VR to an existing PC-based aircraft inspection simulator. The results showed that the VR system was better and preferred over the PC-based training tool. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Ergonomics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - Eye tracking
KW  - Presence
KW  - Training
KW  - Virtual reality
KW  - Visual inspection
KW  - UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 8575459; Vora, Jeenal 1 Nair, Santosh 1 Gramopadhye, Anand K. 1; Email Address: agramop@ces.clemson.edu Duchowski, Andrew T. 2 Melloy, Brian J. 1 Kanki, Barbara 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering and Science, Clemson University, 29634-0920 Clemson, SC, USA  2: Department of Computer Science Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Nov2002, Vol. 33 Issue 6, p559; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eye tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Presence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Training; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual reality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual inspection; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Odegard, Gregory M.
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
AU  - Nicholson, Lee M.
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
T1  - Equivalent-continuum modeling of nano-structured materials
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2002/11//
VL  - 62
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1869
SN  - 02663538
AB  - A method has been proposed for developing structure-property relationships of nano-structured materials. This method serves as a link between computational chemistry and solid mechanics by substituting discrete molecular structures with equivalent-continuum models. It has been shown that this substitution may be accomplished by equating the molecular potential energy of a nano-structured material with the strain energy of representative truss and continuum models. As important examples with direct application to the development and characterization of single-walled carbon nanotubes and the design of nanotube-based structural devices, the modeling technique has been applied to two independent examples: the determination of the effective-continuum geometry and bending rigidity of a graphene sheet. A representative volume element of the chemical structure of graphene has been substituted with equivalent-truss and equivalent-continuum models. As a result, an effective thickness of the continuum model has been determined. The determined effective thickness is significantly larger than the inter-planar spacing of graphite. The effective bending rigidity of the equivalent-continuum model of a graphene sheet was determined by equating the molecular potential energy of the molecular model of a graphene sheet subjected to cylindrical bending (to form a nanotube) with the strain energy of an equivalent-continuum plate subjected to cylindrical bending. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - Nanotechnology
N1  - Accession Number: 7867934; Odegard, Gregory M. 1; Email Address: g.m.odegard@larc.nasa.gov Gates, Thomas S. 2 Nicholson, Lee M. 3 Wise, Kristopher E. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Research Council, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: National Research Council, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2002, Vol. 62 Issue 14, p1869; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdul-Aziz, Ali
T1  - Assessment of crack growth in a space shuttle main engine first-stage high-pressure fuel turbopump blade
JO  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
JF  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
Y1  - 2002/11//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 0168874X
AB  - A two-dimensional finite element fracture mechanics analysis of a space shuttle main engine (SSME) turbine blade firtree was performed using the MARC finite element code. The analysis was conducted under combined effects of thermal and mechanical loads at steady-state conditions. Data from a typical engine stand cycle of the SSME engine were used to run a heat transfer analysis and, subsequently, a thermal structural fracture mechanics analysis. Temperature and stress contours for the firtree under these operating conditions were generated. High stresses were found at the firtree lobes where crack initiation was triggered. A life assessment of the firtree was done by assuming an initial and a final crack size. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Finite Elements in Analysis & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 7896596; Abdul-Aziz, Ali 1; Email Address: smaziz@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland State University, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Rd. MS 6-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2002, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 106820372
T1  - Methods for semi-automated indexing for high precision information retrieval.
AU  - Berrios DC
AU  - Cucina RJ
AU  - Fagan LM
Y1  - 2002/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 106820372. Language: English. Entry Date: 20030404. Revision Date: 20150820. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Blind Peer Reviewed; Computer/Information Science; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: Supported in part by the Veterans Affairs Office of Academic Affairs and Health Services Research, Development Service Research Funds, Office of the Chief Information Officer; the Department of the Army, Cooperative Agreement Number (DAMD17-97-2-7016); the Center for Total Access, Fort Gordon, Georgia; and the Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center, Fort Detrick, Maryland. NLM UID: 9430800. 
KW  - Abstracting and Indexing -- Methods
KW  - Textbooks
KW  - Information Retrieval
KW  - User-Computer Interface
KW  - Consumer Satisfaction
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Crossover Design
KW  - Evaluation Research
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Human
SP  - 637
EP  - 652
JO  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
JF  - Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association
JA  - J AM MED INFORM ASSOC
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
AB  - OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new system, ISAID (Internet-based Semi-automated Indexing of Documents), and to generate textbook indexes that are more detailed and more useful to readers. DESIGN: Pilot evaluation: simple, nonrandomized trial comparing ISAID with manual indexing methods. Methods evaluation: randomized, cross-over trial comparing three versions of ISAID and usability survey. PARTICIPANTS: Pilot evaluation: two physicians. Methods evaluation: twelve physicians, each of whom used three different versions of the system for a total of 36 indexing sessions. MEASUREMENTS: Total index term tuples generated per document per minute (TPM), with and without adjustment for concordance with other subjects; inter-indexer consistency; ratings of the usability of the ISAID indexing system. RESULTS: Compared with manual methods, ISAID decreased indexing times greatly. Using three versions of ISAID, inter-indexer consistency ranged from 15% to 65% with a mean of 41%, 31%, and 40% for each of three documents. Subjects using the full version of ISAID were faster (average TPM: 5.6) and had higher rates of concordant index generation. There were substantial learning effects, despite our use of a training/run-in phase. Subjects using the full version of ISAID were much faster by the third indexing session (average TPM: 9.1). There was a statistically significant increase in three-subject concordant indexing rate using the full version of ISAID during the second indexing session (p < 0.05). SUMMARY: Users of the ISAID indexing system create complex, precise, and accurate indexing for full-text documents much faster than users of manual methods. Furthermore, the natural language processing methods that ISAID uses to suggest indexes contributes substantially to increased indexing speed and accuracy.
SN  - 1067-5027
AD  - Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Ames Research Center, NASA, MailStop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035; berrios@email.arc.nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 12386114.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilbes, Fernando
AU  - Müller-Karger, Frank E.
AU  - Del Castillo, Carlos E.
T1  - New evidence for the West Florida Shelf Plume
JO  - Continental Shelf Research
JF  - Continental Shelf Research
Y1  - 2002/11/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 2479
SN  - 02784343
AB  - The occurrence of an episodic chlorophyll plume detected on the West Florida Shelf between 1979 and 1986 was confirmed in March 1995 with shipboard data and in March 1998 with new ocean color data from the SeaWiFS sensor. New evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that diatom blooms off Apalachicola Bay are the precursor of the seasonal West Florida Shelf plume, and that the nutrient requirements for such blooms, especially silicate, can be supported by river discharge. The observations indicate that the impact of rivers is maximal over the middle shelf and decreases over the outer shelf. Salinity and discharge measurements support the concept that the Apalachicola River had a major impact at distances exceeding 100 km from the coast and that it plays an important role in the formation of offshore blooms. Preliminary analyses suggest that successional processes lead to cryptophytes dominating in the offshore blooms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Continental Shelf Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGAL blooms
KW  - PTEROPHORIDAE
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - DIATOMS
KW  - Algal blooms
KW  - Gulf of Mexico
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Plumes
KW  - River discharge
KW  - Shelf dynamics
KW  - West Florida Shelf
N1  - Accession Number: 7787015; Gilbes, Fernando 1; Email Address: gilbes@cacique.uprm.edu Müller-Karger, Frank E. 2 Del Castillo, Carlos E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, P.O. Box 9017, Mayagüez 00681-9017, Puerto Rico  2: College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 7th Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Stennis Space Center, MA 00 Bldg. 1100 202B, MS 3959-6000, USA; Source Info: Nov2002, Vol. 22 Issue 17, p2479; Subject Term: ALGAL blooms; Subject Term: PTEROPHORIDAE; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: DIATOMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algal blooms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gulf of Mexico; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean color; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phytoplankton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plumes; Author-Supplied Keyword: River discharge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shelf dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: West Florida Shelf; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sessions, Alex L.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Schimmelmann, Arndt
AU  - Hayes, John M.
T1  - Hydrogen isotope fractionation in lipids of the methane-oxidizing bacterium Methylococcus capsulatus
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2002/11/15/
VL  - 66
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 3955
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Hydrogen isotopic compositions of individual lipids from Methylococcus capsulatus, an aerobic, methane-oxidizing bacterium, were analyzed by hydrogen isotope-ratio-monitoring gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The purposes of the study were to measure isotopic fractionation factors between methane, water, and lipids and to examine the biochemical processes that determine the hydrogen isotopic composition of lipids. M. capsulatus was grown in six replicate cultures in which the δD values of methane and water were varied independently. Measurement of concomitant changes in δD values of lipids allowed estimation of the proportion of hydrogen derived from each source and the isotopic fractionation associated with the utilization of each source.All lipids examined, including fatty acids, sterols, and hopanols, derived 31.4 ± 1.7% of their hydrogen from methane. This was apparently true whether the cultures were harvested during exponential or stationary phase. Examination of the relevant biochemical pathways indicates that no hydrogen is transferred directly (with C-H bonds intact) from methane to lipids. Accordingly, we hypothesize that all methane H is oxidized to H2O, which then serves as the H source for all biosynthesis, and that a balance between diffusion of oxygen and water across cell membranes controls the concentration of methane-derived H2O at 31%. Values for αl/w, the isotopic fractionation between lipids and water, were 0.95 for fatty acids and 0.85 for isoprenoid lipids. These fractionations are significantly smaller than those measured in higher plants and algae. Values for αl/m, the isotopic fractionation between lipids and methane, were 0.94 for fatty acids and 0.79 for isoprenoid lipids. Based on these results, we predict that methanotrophs living in seawater and consuming methane with typical δD values will produce fatty acids with δD between −50 and −170‰, and sterols and hopanols with δD between −150 and −270‰. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN isotopes
KW  - LIPIDS
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - GAS chromatography
KW  - MASS spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 7916089; Sessions, Alex L. 1; Email Address: asessions@whoi.edu Jahnke, Linda L. 2 Schimmelmann, Arndt 3 Hayes, John M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Biogeochemical Laboratories, Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Source Info: Nov2002, Vol. 66 Issue 22, p3955; Subject Term: HYDROGEN isotopes; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: GAS chromatography; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dailey, Matthew N.
AU  - Cottrell, Garrison W.
AU  - Padgett, Curtis
AU  - Adolphs, Ralph
T1  - EMPATH: A Neural Network that Categorizes Facial Expressions.
JO  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
JF  - Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
Y1  - 2002/11/15/
VL  - 14
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1158
EP  - 1173
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 0898929X
AB  - There are two competing theories of facial expression recognition. Some researchers have suggested that it is an example of "categorical perception." In this view, expression categories are considered to be discrete entities with sharp boundaries, and discrimination of nearby pairs of expressive faces is enhanced near those boundaries. Other researchers, however, suggest that facial expression perception is more graded and that facial expressions are best thought of as points in a continuous, low-dimensional space, where, for instance, "surprise" expressions lie between "happiness" and "fear" expressions due to their perceptual similarity. In this article, we show that a simple yet biologically plausible neural network model, trained to classify facial expressions into six basic emotions, predicts data used to support both of these theories. Without any parameter tuning, the model matches a variety of psychological data on categorization, similarity, reaction times, discrimination, and recognition difficulty, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We thus explain many of the seemingly complex psychological phenomena related to facial expression perception as natural consequences of the tasks' implementations in the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FACIAL expression
KW  - RECOGNITION (Psychology)
KW  - EMOTIONS (Psychology)
N1  - Accession Number: 8558868; Dailey, Matthew N. 1 Cottrell, Garrison W. 1 Padgett, Curtis 2 Adolphs, Ralph 3; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Warren College, San Diego  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  3: University of Iowa; Source Info: 11/15/2002, Vol. 14 Issue 8, p1158; Subject Term: FACIAL expression; Subject Term: RECOGNITION (Psychology); Subject Term: EMOTIONS (Psychology); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1162/089892902760807177
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Determination of self- and <f>H2</f>-broadening and shift coefficients in the 2-0 band of <f>12C16O</f> using a multispectrum fitting procedure
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2002/11/15/
VL  - 75
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 455
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Self- and hydrogen-broadening coefficients and pressure-shift coefficients for the first overtone band transitions of <f>12C16O</f> at room temperature have been determined through analysis of nine high-resolution <f>(0.0055 cm−1)</f> absorption spectra. These spectra were recorded using the 1-m Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the McMath-Pierce facility of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona. Because of the short path length of the sample cell <f>(10.0 cm)</f>, the volume mixing ratios of CO in hydrogen were relatively high, <f>∼18</f>–22%, to achieve measurable absorption. These large volume-mixing ratios necessitated the simultaneous determination of the CO self-broadening and self-shift coefficients along with the hydrogen-broadening and hydrogen-induced shift coefficients. We have determined these coefficients at room temperature, along with line positions and absolute intensities, for the P(27) through R(27) <f>12C16O</f> 2-0 transitions by fitting the entire spectral interval from 4130 to <f>4345 cm−1</f> in all nine spectra simultaneously using our multispectrum nonlinear least-squares procedure. Our intensity measurements are consistently low (1–6%) compared with the HITRAN values but the majority of the intensities are within 4% of the HITRAN values. The values of self-broadening coefficients vary from 0.0452 to <f>0.0862 cm−1 atm−1</f> at <f>296 K</f> and those of hydrogen-broadening coefficient range between 0.0475 and <f>0.0795 cm−1 atm−1</f> at <f>296 K</f>. All of our measured self- and hydrogen-shift coefficients are negative and range from <f>−0.002</f> to <f>−0.008 cm−1 atm−1</f>. With the pressure and path length used in our study we did not find evidence of significant line mixing in either the self- or hydrogen-broadened spectra. This study represents the first high-resolution experimental determination of hydrogen-induced pressure broadening and pressure-shift coefficients in the 2-0 band of <f>12C16O</f> at room temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - CO
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Spectral line shape
N1  - Accession Number: 7849806; Devi, V. Malathy 1; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 1 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Rinsland, C.P. 2 Mantz, A.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: Nov2002, Vol. 75 Issue 4, p455; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral line shape; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Priestley, K.J.
AU  - Wielicki, B.A.
AU  - Green, R.N.
AU  - Haeffelin, M.P.A.
AU  - Lee, R.B.
AU  - Loeb, N.G.
T1  - Early radiometric validation results of the CERES Flight Model 1 and 2 instruments onboard NASA's Terra Spacecraft
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2002/11/30/
VL  - 30
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2371
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The CERES Flight Model 1 and 2 instruments were launched aboard NASA''s Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra Spacecraft on December 18, 1999 into a 705 Km sun-synchronous orbit with a 10:30 a.m. equatorial crossing time. These instruments supplement measurements made by the CERES Proto Flight Model (PFM) instrument launched aboard NASA''s Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) spacecraft on November 27, 1997 into a 350 Km, 38-degree mid-inclined orbit. An important aspect of the EOS program is the rapid archival and dissemination of datasets measured by EOS instruments to the scientific community. On September 22, 2000 the CERES Science Team voted to archive the Edition 1 CERES/Terra Level 1b and Level 2 and 3 ERBE-Like data products. These products consist of instantaneous filtered and unfiltered radiances through temporally and spatially averaged TOA fluxes. CERES filtered radiance measurements cover three spectral bands including shortwave (0.3 to 5 μm), total (<F>0.3 to <100 μm</F>) and an atmospheric window channel (8 to 12 μm). The current work summarizes both the philosophy and results of validation efforts undertaken to quantify the quality of the Terra data products as well as the level of agreement between the Terra and TRMM datasets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 9441537; Priestley, K.J. 1 Wielicki, B.A. 1 Green, R.N. 1 Haeffelin, M.P.A. 2 Lee, R.B. 1 Loeb, N.G. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Dept. of Mech. Engr., Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA  3: Hampton University, Center for Atmospheric Studies, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2002, Vol. 30 Issue 11, p2371; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barut, A.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Anderson, T.
AU  - Tessler, A.
T1  - Equivalent single-layer theory for a complete stress field in sandwich panels under arbitrarily distributed loading
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2002/12//
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 483
SN  - 02638223
AB  - In single-layer theory, the displacement components represent the weighted-average through the thickness of the sandwich panel. Although discrete-layer theories are more representative of sandwich construction than the single-layer theories, they suffer from an excessive number of field variables in proportion to the number of layers. In this study, utilizing Reissner’s definitions for kinematics of thick plates, the displacement components at any point on the plate are approximated in terms of weighted-average quantities (displacements and rotations) that are functions of the in-plane coordinates. The equations of equilibrium and boundary conditions of the sandwich panel are derived by employing the principle of virtual displacements. The solution for an arbitrarily distributed load is obtained by employing Fourier series representations of the unknown field variables. This single-layer theory is validated against an analytical solution for simply supported square sandwich panels under pressure over a small region on the face sheet and is also compared with previous single-layer plate theories. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - FOURIER series
KW  - Fourier series
KW  - Sandwich
KW  - Single layer
KW  - Step loading
KW  - Virtual work
N1  - Accession Number: 7910130; Barut, A. 1 Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Anderson, T. 2 Tessler, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Box 352400, Seattle, WA 98195-2400, USA  3: Analytical and Computational Methods Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p483; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: FOURIER series; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier series; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Step loading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual work; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hill, Michael R.
AU  - Panontin, Tina L.
T1  - Micromechanical modeling of fracture initiation in 7050 aluminum
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2002/12//
VL  - 69
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2163
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Mechanical testing and finite element calculations have been carried out to characterize the fracture initiation behavior of the high-strength aluminum alloy 7050-T7451. Results show that fracture initiation is well predicted for two specimen types of differing constraint using the stress-modified, critical plastic strain micromechanical model. The relation between stress triaxiality and critical plastic strain was found from a series of notched tensile specimens. Data from these tests are interpreted using both companion finite element modeling and common, semi-empirical relations, and these two approaches are compared. Multiple, interrupted tests of standard, highly constrained single edge notched bend specimens are used to obtain the J–R curve in 7050 for small amounts of tearing to experimentally identify initiation. Companion modeling and the stress-modified, critical plastic strain relation are used to find the length scale for fracture, <f>l&ast;</f>, needed for initiation predictions. The calibrated stress-modified, critical plastic strain relation and length scale are then used to predict fracture initiation of a low-constraint specimen. The prediction is within 5% of the experimental measurements. Finally, various aspects of the procedure followed in the present work are compared to previous efforts using similar approaches. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Constraint
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Micromechanical modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 7875883; Hill, Michael R. 1; Email Address: mrhill@ucdavis.edu Panontin, Tina L. 2; Email Address: tpanontin@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-5294, USA  2: Chief Engineer, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 69 Issue 18, p2163; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constraint; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanical modeling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banger, Kulbinder K.
AU  - Duraj, Stan A.
AU  - Fanwick, Philip E.
AU  - Hehemann, David G.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
AU  - Martuch, Robert A.
T1  - Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Novel Indium Mercapto Derivative [ClIn(SCH 2 (CO)O) 2 ] 2- [(4-MepyH) 2 ] 2+.
JO  - Journal of Coordination Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Coordination Chemistry
Y1  - 2002/12//12/1/2002
VL  - 55
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1427
EP  - 1431
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00958972
AB  - The synthesis and structural characterization of a novel In(III) complex is described. The reaction between InCl 3 with sodium mercapto-acetic acid (NaSCH 2 (CO)OH) in 4-methylpyridine (CH 3 (C 5 H 5 N), (4-Mepy)) at 25°C affords [ClIn(SCH 2 (CO)O) 2 ] 2- [(4-MepyH) 2 ] 2+ (1) . X-ray diffraction studies of (1) show it to have a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with the [( - SCH 2 (CO)CO - )] ligands in a trans conformation. The compound crystallizes in the $ \bar P1 $ (No. 2) space group with a = 7.8624(6) Å, b = 9.950(1) Å, c = 13.793(2) Å, α = 107.60(1)°, β = 90.336(8)°, γ = 98.983(9)°, V = 1014.3(4) Å 3 , R (F°) = 0.037 and R w = 0.048. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coordination Chemistry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDIUM
KW  - THIOLS
KW  - ACETIC acid
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - PYRIDINE
KW  - Coordination
KW  - Indium
KW  - Mercapto-acetic acid
KW  - MOCVD
KW  - Photovoltaics
KW  - Thioglycolic acid
N1  - Accession Number: 11548908; Banger, Kulbinder K. 1,2; Email Address: KulbinderBanger@oai.org Duraj, Stan A. 3; Email Address: s.duraj@csuohio.edu Fanwick, Philip E. 4; Email Address: fanwick@xray.chem.purdue.edu Hehemann, David G. 2,3 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: Aloysius.F.Hepp@grc.nasa.gov Martuch, Robert A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH, 44142, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, (NASA), Glenn Research Center, MS 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2002, Vol. 55 Issue 12, p1427; Subject Term: INDIUM; Subject Term: THIOLS; Subject Term: ACETIC acid; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: PYRIDINE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coordination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mercapto-acetic acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOCVD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thioglycolic acid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/0095897021000058817
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sarrazin, P.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Bish, D.
AU  - Vaniman, D.
AU  - Chipera, S.
AU  - Collins, S.A.
AU  - Elliott, S.T.
T1  - Robotic search for ices and hydrous minerals at the lunar poles using a combined X-ray diffraction and fluorescence instrument
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2002/12//
VL  - 50
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1361
SN  - 00320633
AB  - There is a growing body of evidence that points to the survival of water or hydrous minerals on the Moon and the potential for large aqueous reservoirs in shadowed craters at the lunar poles. CheMin, an XRD/XRF instrument that is currently under development, could provide a definitive test of whether the polar hydrogen signal measured by the recent Lunar Prospector mission is an indication of a significant water reservoir or merely reflects an anomalously rich accumulation of solar-wind hydrogen. Proposed enhancements of CheMin could be used in conjunction with a drilling system capable of penetrating the upper few tens of centimeters of the lunar regolith to search for ices or hydrous minerals. This advanced version of the CheMin instrument would be within the size, mass, and power constraints of Ariane 5 micromissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - HYDROUS
KW  - ICE
N1  - Accession Number: 8574788; Sarrazin, P. 1,2; Email Address: p.sarrazin@enesad.fr Blake, D. 1 Bish, D. 3 Vaniman, D. 3 Chipera, S. 3 Collins, S.A. 4 Elliott, S.T. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239/4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: ENESAD, BP 87999, 21079 Dijon cedex, France  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, EES-1, Geology/Geochemistry, P.O. Box 1663 MS D462, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Detector Advanced Development, MS 300-315L, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 50 Issue 14/15, p1361; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: HYDROUS; Subject Term: ICE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Badhwar, G.D.
AU  - Huff, H.
AU  - Wilkins, R.
AU  - Thibeault, Sheila
T1  - Comparison of graphite, aluminum, and TransHab shielding material characteristics in a high-energy neutron field
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2002/12//
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 545
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Space radiation transport models clearly show that low atomic weight materials provide a better shielding protection for interplanetary human missions than high atomic weight materials. These model studies have concentrated on shielding properties against charged particles. A light-weight, inflatable habitat module called TransHab was built and shown to provide adequate protection against micrometeoroid impacts and good shielding properties against charged particle radiation in the International Space Station orbits. An experiment using a tissue equivalent proportional counter, to study the changes in dose and lineal energy spectra with graphite, aluminum, and a TransHab build-up as shielding, was carried out at the Los Alamos Nuclear Science Center neutron facility. It is a continuation of a previous study using regolith and doped polyethylene materials. This paper describes the results and their comparison with the previous study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - ATOMIC weights
KW  - Radiation protection
KW  - Shielding materials
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 8547555; Badhwar, G.D. 1 Huff, H. 2 Wilkins, R. 2; Email Address: r_wilkins@pramu.edu Thibeault, Sheila 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Johnson Space Center, Attn: SN, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, Texas 77058 3696, USA  2: Center for Applied Radiation Research, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, Texas 77446, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p545; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: ATOMIC weights; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shielding materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Treiman, Allan H.
AU  - Amundsen, Hans E.F.
AU  - Blake, David F.
AU  - Bunch, Ted
T1  - Hydrothermal origin for carbonate globules in Martian meteorite ALH84001: a terrestrial analogue from Spitsbergen (Norway)
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2002/12/15/
VL  - 204
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Carbonate minerals in the ancient Martian meteorite ALH84001 are the only known solid phases that bear witness to the processing of volatile and biologically critical compounds (CO2, H2O) on early Mars. Similar carbonates have been found in xenoliths and their host basalts from Quaternary volcanic centers in northern Spitsbergen (Norway). These carbonates were deposited by hot (i.e., hydrothermal) waters associated with the volcanic activity. By analogy with the Spitsbergen carbonates, the ALH84001 carbonates were probably also deposited by hot water. Hydrothermal activity was probably common and widespread on Early Mars, which featured abundant basaltic rocks, water as ice or liquid, and heat from volcanos and asteroid impacts. On Earth, descendants of the earliest life forms still prefer hydrothermal environments, which are now shown to have been present on early Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONATE minerals
KW  - INCLUSIONS in igneous rocks
KW  - MAGNESITE
KW  - ALH84001
KW  - ankerite
KW  - hydrothermal
KW  - magnesite
KW  - Mars
KW  - siderite
KW  - Spitsbergen
N1  - Accession Number: 8564909; Treiman, Allan H. 1; Email Address: treiman@lpi.usra.edu Amundsen, Hans E.F. 2; Email Address: amundsen@planetary-exploration.com Blake, David F. 3; Email Address: dblake@mail.arc.nasa.gov Bunch, Ted 4; Email Address: tbear@cableone.net; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Physics of Geological Processes, Department of Physics and Geology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1048, N-0364 Oslo, Norway  3: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bilby Research Center, Department of Geology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-6013, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 204 Issue 3/4, p323; Subject Term: CARBONATE minerals; Subject Term: INCLUSIONS in igneous rocks; Subject Term: MAGNESITE; Author-Supplied Keyword: ALH84001; Author-Supplied Keyword: ankerite; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrothermal; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnesite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: siderite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spitsbergen; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Salem, J.A.
T1  - Mechanical properties and microstructure of biomorphic silicon carbide ceramics fabricated from wood precursors
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2002/12/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2709
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Silicon carbide-based, environment friendly, biomorphic ceramics have been fabricated by the pyrolysis and infiltration of natural wood (maple and mahogany) precursors. This technology provides an eco-friendly route to advanced ceramic materials. These biomorphic silicon carbide ceramics have tailorable properties and behave like silicon carbide based materials manufactured by conventional approaches. The elastic moduli and fracture toughness of biomorphic ceramics strongly depend on the properties of starting wood preforms and the degree of molten silicon infiltration. Mechanical properties of silicon carbide ceramics fabricated from maple wood precursors indicate flexural strengths of 344±58 MPa at room temperature and 230±36 MPa at 1350 °C. Room temperature fracture toughness of the maple based material is 2.6±0.2 MPa√m while the mahogany precursor derived ceramics show a fracture toughness of 2.0±0.2 MPa√m. The fracture toughness and the strength increase as the density of final material increases. Fractographic characterization indicates the failure origins to be pores and chipped pockets of silicon. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Precursors–organic
N1  - Accession Number: 8778850; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: msingh@grc.nasa.gov Salem, J.A. 2; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 22 Issue 14/15, p2709; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precursors–organic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Varela-Feria, F.M.
AU  - Martınez-Fernández, J.
AU  - de Arellano-López, A.R.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Low density biomorphic silicon carbide: microstructure and mechanical properties
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2002/12/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2719
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Low density biomorphic SiC ceramics have been fabricated by melt infiltration of pine carbon templates. The resulting porous microstructure is anisotropic and presents a high level of connectivity. Some templates have been partially infiltrated to document the details of the infiltration process. The material has been tested at a constant compression with a strain rate of 2×10−5 s−1 at high temperatures between 1150 and 1350 °C. The materials showed high compressive strengths relative to the density, with values up to 241 MPa in the axial direction. The compressive strengths relative to those of fully dense SiC are a good extrapolation of previous studies with denser samples, and present qualitative agreement with the model by Gibson and Ashby for plastic collapse of cellular solids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - SEEPAGE
KW  - CHEMICAL templates
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Porosity
KW  - SiC
N1  - Accession Number: 8778851; Varela-Feria, F.M. 1 Martınez-Fernández, J. 1 de Arellano-López, A.R. 1; Email Address: aral@us.es Singh, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Fısica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, PO Box 1065, 41080 Seville, Spain  2: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 22 Issue 14/15, p2719; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: SEEPAGE; Subject Term: CHEMICAL templates; Subject Term: POROSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muñoz, A.
AU  - Martınez Fernández, J.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - High temperature compressive mechanical behavior of joined biomorphic silicon carbide ceramics
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2002/12/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2727
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Silicon carbide-based, environmentally conscious, biomorphic ceramics were fabricated by the reactive infiltration of molten silicon into porous, carbonaceous preforms derived from pyrolysis of African Bubinga wood. The bulk microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties of these ceramics were studied. These biomorphic ceramics mimic the fibrous microstructure of the wood resulting in high strength and anisotropy. The compressive strength parallel to fiber direction, which is the growth direction of the tree, was 750 MPa at 1100 °C and 300 MPa at 1350 °C. The compressive strength perpendicular to fiber direction was 215 MPa at 1100 °C and 120 MPa at 1350 °C. These materials were joined using the ARCJoinT approach. The microstructure of the joints was studied by scanning electron microscopy and the high temperature strength was measured in compression, with the joint oriented 45° to the compression axis. The joined specimens had strengths from 615 MPa at 1100 °C to 250 MPa at 1350 °C when the fibers were parallel to the compression axis (forming 45° with the joint plane), which are about 20% lower than the strength of the bulk material in the same orientation. The strengths ranged from 373 MPa at 1100 °C to 175 MPa at 1350 °C when the fibers were forming 45° with the compression axis (perpendicular to the joint plane), which are lower than the average strength of the bulk material compressed axially and in the perpendicular direction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - Biomorphic
KW  - High temperature
KW  - Joining
KW  - SiC
KW  - Strength
N1  - Accession Number: 8778852; Muñoz, A. 1 Martınez Fernández, J. 1; Email Address: martinez@us.es Singh, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Fısica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Apdo. 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain  2: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 22 Issue 14/15, p2727; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomorphic; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levine, Stanley R.
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Halbig, Michael C.
AU  - Kiser, James D.
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Salem, Jonathan A.
T1  - Evaluation of ultra-high temperature ceramics foraeropropulsion use
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2002/12/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2757
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Among the ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTC) are a group of materials consisting of zirconium diboride or hafnium diboride plus silicon carbide, and in some instances, carbon. These materials offer a good combination of properties that make them candidates for airframe leading edges on sharp-bodied reentry vehicles. These UHTC perform well in the environment for such applications, i.e. air at low pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine three of these materials under conditions more representative of a propulsion environment, i.e. higher oxygen partial pressure and total pressure. Results of strength and fracture toughness measurements, furnace oxidation, and high velocity thermal shock exposures are presented for ZrB2 plus 20 vol.% SiC, ZrB2 plus 14 vol.% SiC plus 30 vol.% C, and SCS-9a SiC fiber reinforced ZrB2 plus 20 vol.% SiC. The poor oxidation resistance of UHTCs is the predominant factor limiting their applicability to propulsion applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - CORROSION & anti-corrosives
KW  - Borides
KW  - Composites
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Engine components
KW  - Thermal shock resistance
N1  - Accession Number: 8778856; Levine, Stanley R. 1; Email Address: slevine@grc.nasa.gov Opila, Elizabeth J. 2 Halbig, Michael C. 3 Kiser, James D. 1 Singh, Mrityunjay 4 Salem, Jonathan A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 106/5#, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: US Army Propulsion Directorate, USA  4: QSS Group Inc., USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 22 Issue 14/15, p2757; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: CORROSION & anti-corrosives; Author-Supplied Keyword: Borides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engine components; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal shock resistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, G.N.
AU  - Cawley, J.D.
T1  - Intermediate temperature strength degradationin SiC/SiC composites
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2002/12/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2777
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Woven silicon carbide fiber-reinforced, silicon carbide matrix composites are leading candidate materials for an advanced jet engine combustor liner application. Although the use temperature in the hot region for this application is expected to exceed 1200 °C, a potential life-limiting concern for this composite system exists at intermediate temperatures (800±200 °C), where significant time-dependent strength degradation has been observed under stress-rupture loading. A number of factors control the degree of stress-rupture strength degradation, the major factor being the nature of the interphase separating the fiber and the matrix. BN interphases are superior to carbon interphases due to the slower oxidation kinetics of BN. A model for the intermediate temperature stress-rupture of SiC/BN/SiC composites is presented based on the observed mechanistic process that leads to strength degradation for the simple case of through-thickness matrix cracks. The approach taken has much in common with that used by Curtin and coworkers, for two different composite systems. The predictions of the model are in good agreement with the rupture data for stress-rupture of both precracked and as-produced composites. Also, three approaches that dramatically improve the intermediate temperature stress-rupture properties are described: Si-doped BN, fiber spreading, and “outside debonding”. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - BN interfaces
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - SiC/SiC composites
N1  - Accession Number: 8778858; Morscher, G.N. 1; Email Address: gmorscher@grc.nasa.gov Cawley, J.D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI), NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Source Info: Dec2002, Vol. 22 Issue 14/15, p2777; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Author-Supplied Keyword: BN interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC/SiC composites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schimmerling, W.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - Radiation risk and human space exploration
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Radiation protection is essential to enable humans to live and work safely in space. Predictions about the nature and magnitude of the risks posed by space radiation are subject to very large uncertainties. Prudent use of worst-case scenarios may impose unacceptable constraints on shielding mass for spacecraft or habitats, tours of duty of crews on Space Station, and on the radius and duration of sorties on planetary surfaces. The NASA Space Radiation Health Program has been devised to develop the knowledge required to accurately predict and to efficiently manage radiation risk. The knowledge will be acquired by means of a peer-reviewed, largely ground-based and investigator-initiated, basic science research program. The NASA Strategic Plan to accomplish these objectives in a manner consistent with the high priority assigned to the protection and health maintenance of crews will be presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 9123615; Schimmerling, W. 1 Cucinotta, F.A. 2 Wilson, J.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, United States of America  2: Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, United States of America  3: Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,United States of America; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mancinelli, Rocco L.
T1  - Planetary protection and the search for life beneath the surface of Mars
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The search for traces of extinct and extant life on Mars will be extended to beneath the surface of the planet. Current data from Mars missions suggesting the presence of liquid water early in Mars'' history and mathematical modeling of the fate of water on Mars imply that liquid water may exist deep beneath the surface of Mars. This leads to the hypothesis that life may exist deep beneath the Martian surface. One possible scenario to look for life on Mars involves a series of unmanned missions culminating with a manned mission drilling deep into the Martian subsurface (<F>∼3Km</F>), collecting samples, and conducting preliminary analyses to select samples for return to earth. This mission must address both forward and back contamination issues, and falls under planetary protection category V. Planetary protection issues to be addressed include provisions stating that the inevitable deposition of earth microbes by humans should be minimized and localized, and that earth microbes and organic material must not contaminate the Martian subsurface. This requires that the drilling equipment be sterilized prior to use. Further, the collection, containment and retrieval of the sample must be conducted such that the crew is protected and that any materials returning to earth are contained (i.e., physically and biologically isolated) and the chain of connection with Mars is broken [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 9123626; Mancinelli, Rocco L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 239-4 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p103; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salisbury, F.B.
AU  - Campbell, W.F.
AU  - Carman, J.G.
AU  - Bingham, G.E.
AU  - Bubenheim, D.L.
AU  - Yendler, B.
AU  - Sytchev, V.
AU  - Levinskikh, M.A.
AU  - Ivanova, I.
AU  - Chernova, L.
AU  - Podolsky, I.
T1  - Plant growth during the greenhouse II experiment on the Mir orbital station
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We carried out three experiments with Super Dwarf wheat in the Bulgarian/Russian growth chamber Svet (0.1 m2 growing area) on the Space Station Mir. This paper mostly describes the first of these NASA-supported trials, began on Aug. 13, 1995. Plants were sampled five times and harvested on Nov. 9 after 90 days. Equipment failures led to low irradiance (3, then 4 of 6 lamp sets failed), instances of high temperatures (ca. 37 °C), and sometimes excessive substrate moisture. Although plants grew for the 90 d, no wheat heads were produced. Considering the low light levels, plants were surprisingly green, but of course biomass production was low. Plants were highly disoriented (low light, mirror walls?). Fixed and dried samples and the root module were returned on the U.S. Shuttle Atlantis on Nov. 20, 1995. Samples of the substrate, a nutrient-charged zeolite called Balkanine, were taken from the root module, carefully examined for roots, weighed, dried, and reweighed. The Svet control unit and the light bank were shipped to Moscow. An experiment validation test (EVT) of plant growth and experimental procedures, carried out in Moscow, was highly successful. Equipment built in Utah to measure CO2, H2O vapor, irradiance, air and leaf (IR) temperature, O2, pressure, and substrate moisture worked well in the EVT and in space. After this manuscript was first prepared, plants were grown in Mir with a new light bank and controller for 123 d in late 1996 and 39 days in 1996/1997. Plants grew exceptionally well with higher biomass production than in any previous space experiment, but the ca. 280 wheat heads that were produced in 1996 contained no seeds. Ethylene in the cabin atmosphere was responsible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - SPACE stations
N1  - Accession Number: 9123645; Salisbury, F.B. 1 Campbell, W.F. 1 Carman, J.G. 1 Bingham, G.E. 2 Bubenheim, D.L. 3 Yendler, B. 3 Sytchev, V. 4 Levinskikh, M.A. 4 Ivanova, I. 4 Chernova, L. 4 Podolsky, I. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Plants, Soils, & Biometeorology, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-4820, USA  2: Space Dynamics Laboratory, Utah State University, 1695 N. Research Park Way, North Logan, UT 84341, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Institute of Biomedical Problems, 123007 Khoroshevskoe sh, 76a, Moscow, Russia; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p221; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: SPACE stations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bubenheim, D.L.
AU  - Stieber, J.
AU  - Campbell, W.F.
AU  - Salisbury, F.B.
AU  - Levinski, M.
AU  - Sytchev, V.
AU  - Pdolsky, I.
AU  - Chernova, L.
T1  - Induced abnormality in Mir- and earth grown super dwarf wheat
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Super-dwarf wheat grown on the Mir space station using the Svet “Greenhouse” exhibited morphological, metabolic and reproductive abnormalities compared with Earth-grown wheat. Of prominent importance were the abnormalities associated with reproductive ontogeny and the total absence of seed formation on Mir. Changes in the apical meristem associated with transition from the vegetative phase to floral initiation and development of the reproductive spike were all typical of ‘Super-Dwarf’ wheat up to the point of anthesis. Observation of ruptured anthers from the Mir-grown plants revealed what appeared to be normally developed pollen. These pollen gains, however, contained only one nuclei, while normal viable pollen is tri-nucleate. A potentially important difference in the flight experiment, compared with ground reference studies, was the presence of a high level of atmospheric ethylene (1,200 ppb). Ground studies conducted by exposing ‘Super-Dwarf’ wheat to ethylene just prior to anthesis resulted in manifestation of the same abnormalities observed in the space flight samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - WHEAT
KW  - SPACE stations
N1  - Accession Number: 9123646; Bubenheim, D.L. 1 Stieber, J. 1 Campbell, W.F. 2 Salisbury, F.B. 2 Levinski, M. 3 Sytchev, V. 3 Pdolsky, I. 3 Chernova, L. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystems Science and Technology Branch, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  2: Department of Plant and Soil Science, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, 84322, USA  3: Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p229; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: WHEAT; Subject Term: SPACE stations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bubenheim, D.L.
AU  - Schlick, G.
AU  - Wilson, D.
AU  - Bates, M.
T1  - Performance of the CELSS Antarctic Analog Project (CAAP) crop production system
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Regenerative life support systems potentially offer a level of self-sufficiency and a decrease in logistics and associated costs in support of space exploration and habitation missions. Current state-of-the-art in plant-based, regenerative life support requires resources in excess of allocation proposed for candidate mission scenarios. Feasibility thresholds have been identified for candidate exploration missions. The goal of this paper is to review recent advances in performance achieved in the CELSS Antarctic Analog Project (CAAP) in light of the likely resource constraints. A prototype CAAP crop production chamber has been constructed and operated at the Ames Research Center. The chamber includes a number of unique hardware and software components focused on attempts to increase production efficiency, increase energy efficiency, and control the flow of energy and mass through the system. Both single crop, batch production and continuous cultivation of mixed crops production studies have been completed. The crop productivity as well as engineering performance of the chamber are described. For each scenario, energy required and partitioned for lighting, cooling, pumping, fans, etc. is quantified. Crop production and the resulting lighting efficiency and energy conversion efficiencies are presented. In the mixed-crop scenario, with 27 different crops under cultivation, 17 m2 of crop area provided a mean of 515g edible biomass per day (85% of the approximate 620 g required for one person). Enhanced engineering and crop production performance achieved with the CAAP chamber, compared with current state-of-the-art, places plant-based life support systems at the threshold of feasibility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - LIFE support systems (Space environment)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 9123651; Bubenheim, D.L. 1 Schlick, G. 1 Wilson, D. 1 Bates, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystems Science and Technology Branch, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p255; Subject Term: LIFE support systems (Space environment); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kliss, M.
AU  - Blackwell, C.
AU  - Zografos, A.
AU  - Drews, M.
AU  - MacElroy, R.
AU  - McKenna, R.
AU  - Heyenga, A.G.
T1  - Initial closed operation of the CELSS Test Facility Engineering Development Unit
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
SN  - 02731177
AB  - As part of the NASA Advanced Life Support Flight Program, a Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) Test Facility Engineering Development Unit has been constructed and is undergoing initial operational testing at NASA Ames Research Center. The Engineering Development Unit (EDU) is a tightly closed, stringently controlled, ground-based testbed which provides a broad range of environmental conditions under which a variety of CELSS higher plant crops can be grown. Although the EDU was developed primarily to provide near-term engineering data and a realistic determination of the subsystem and system requirements necessary for the fabrication of a comparable flight unit, the EDU has also provided a means to evaluate plant crop productivity and physiology under controlled conditions. This paper describes the initial closed operational testing of the EDU, with emphasis on the hardware performance capabilities. Measured performance data during a 28-day closed operation period are compared with the specified functional requirements, and an example of inferring crop growth parameters from the test data is presented. Plans for future science and technology testing are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - CLOSED ecological systems (Space environment)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 9123652; Kliss, M. 1 Blackwell, C. 2 Zografos, A. 2 Drews, M. 2 MacElroy, R. 1 McKenna, R. 2 Heyenga, A.G. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-15, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  2: Lockheed-Martin Engineering & Sciences, Mail Stop 239-23, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  3: National Research Council, Mail Stop 239-23, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p263; Subject Term: CLOSED ecological systems (Space environment); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kennedy, Christopher A.
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
T1  - Additive Runge–Kutta schemes for convection–diffusion–reaction equations
JO  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
JF  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
SN  - 01689274
AB  - Additive Runge–Kutta (<f>ARK</f>) methods are investigated for application to the spatially discretized one-dimensional convection–diffusion–reaction (CDR) equations. Accuracy, stability, conservation, and dense-output are first considered for the general case when <f>N</f> different Runge–Kutta methods are grouped into a single composite method. Then, implicit–explicit, <f>(N=2)</f>, additive Runge–Kutta (<f>ARK2</f>) methods from third- to fifth-order are presented that allow for integration of stiff terms by an <f>L</f>-stable, stiffly-accurate explicit, singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta (ESDIRK) method while the nonstiff terms are integrated with a traditional explicit Runge–Kutta method (ERK). Coupling error terms of the partitioned method are of equal order to those of the elemental methods. Derived <f>ARK2</f> methods have vanishing stability functions for very large values of the stiff scaled eigenvalue, <f>z[I]→−∞</f>, and retain high stability efficiency in the absence of stiffness, <f>z[I]→0</f>. Extrapolation-type stage-value predictors are provided based on dense-output formulae. Optimized methods minimize both leading order <f>ARK2</f> error terms and Butcher coefficient magnitudes as well as maximize conservation properties. Numerical tests of the new schemes on a CDR problem show negligible stiffness leakage and near classical order convergence rates. However, tests on three simple singular-perturbation problems reveal generally predictable order reduction. Error control is best managed with a PID-controller. While results for the fifth-order method are disappointing, both the new third- and fourth-order methods are at least as efficient as existing <f>ARK2</f> methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - RUNGE-Kutta formulas
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - DIFFUSION
N1  - Accession Number: 8668424; Kennedy, Christopher A. 1; Email Address: cakenne@ca.sandia.gov Carpenter, Mark H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA 94551-0969, USA  2: Aeronautics and Aeroacoustic Methods Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 44 Issue 1/2, p139; Subject Term: RUNGE-Kutta formulas; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Number of Pages: 43p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Kozak, Elena
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
T1  - Chemically defined medium and Caenorhabditis elegans.
JO  - BMC Biotechnology
JF  - BMC Biotechnology
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 14726750
AB  - Background: C. elegans has been established as a powerful genetic system. Use of a chemically defined medium (C. elegans Maintenance Medium (CeMM)) now allows standardization and systematic manipulation of the nutrients that animals receive. Liquid cultivation allows automated culturing and experimentation and should be of use in large-scale growth and screening of animals. Results: We find that CeMM is versatile and culturing is simple. CeMM can be used in a solid or liquid state, it can be stored unused for at least a year, unattended actively growing cultures may be maintained longer than with standard techniques, and standard C. elegans protocols work well with animals grown in defined medium. We also find that there are caveats to using defined medium. Animals in defined medium grow more slowly than on standard medium, appear to display adaptation to the defined medium, and display altered growth rates as they change the composition of the defined medium. Conclusions: As was suggested with the introduction of C. elegans as a potential genetic system, use of defined medium with C. elegans should prove a powerful tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - CULTURE media (Biology)
KW  - CELL culture
KW  - CYTOLOGICAL techniques
KW  - CAENORHABDITIS elegans
KW  - GENETICS
N1  - Accession Number: 28858325; Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. 1; Email Address: nate@alumni.cmu.edu Kozak, Elena 1; Email Address: ekozak@mail.arc.nasa.gov Conley, Catharine A. 1; Email Address: Cassie.Conley@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Life Research, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 3, p1; Subject Term: CULTURE media (Biology); Subject Term: CELL culture; Subject Term: CYTOLOGICAL techniques; Subject Term: CAENORHABDITIS elegans; Subject Term: GENETICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nahra, Henry K.
AU  - Kamotani, Y.
T1  - Prediction of bubble diameter at detachment from a wall orifice in liquid cross-flow under reduced and normal gravity conditions
JO  - Chemical Engineering Science
JF  - Chemical Engineering Science
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
SN  - 00092509
AB  - Bubble formation and detachment is an integral part of the two-phase flow science. The objective of the present work is to theoretically investigate the effects of liquid cross-flow velocity, gas flow rate embodied in the momentum flux force, and orifice diameter on bubble formation and detachment in a wall-bubble injection configuration. A two-dimensional one-stage theoretical model based on a global force balance on the bubble evolving from a wall orifice in a cross liquid flow is presented in this work. In this model, relevant forces acting on the evolving bubble are expressed in terms of the bubble center of mass coordinates and solved simultaneously. Relevant forces in low gravity included the momentum flux, shear-lift, surface tension, drag and inertia forces. Under normal gravity conditions, the buoyancy force, which is dominant under such conditions, can be added to the force balance. Two detachment criteria were applicable depending on the gas to liquid momentum force ratio. For low ratios, the time when the bubble acceleration in the direction of the detachment angle is greater or equal to zero is calculated from the bubble <f>x</f> and <f>y</f> coordinates. This time is taken as the time at which all the detaching forces that are acting on the bubble are greater or equal to the attaching forces. For high gas to liquid momentum force ratios, the time at which the <f>y</f> coordinate less the bubble radius equals zero is calculated. The bubble diameter is evaluated at this time as the diameter at detachment from the fact that the bubble volume is simply given by the product of the gas flow rate and time elapsed. Comparison of the model''s predictions was also made with predictions from a two-dimensional normal gravity model based on Kumar–Kuloor formulation and such a comparison is presented in this work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - BUBBLES
KW  - Bubble detachment
KW  - Force balance
KW  - Reduced gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 8574819; Nahra, Henry K. 1; Email Address: henry.k.nahra@grc.nasa.gov Kamotani, Y. 2; Affiliation:  1: Microgravity Science Division, Microgravity Fluid Physics Branch, NASA-John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS: 77-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 58 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: BUBBLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bubble detachment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Force balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced gravity; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Axelbaum, R.L.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
AU  - Chao, B.H.
AU  - Liu, S.
T1  - Effects of structure and hydrodynamics on the sooting behavior of spherical microgravity diffusion flames
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 132
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
SN  - 00102180
AB  - This study is an examination of the sooting behavior of spherical microgravity diffusion flames burning ethylene at atmospheric pressure in a 2.2-s drop tower. In a novel application of microgravity, spherical flames were employed to allow convection across the flame to be either from fuel to oxidizer or from oxidizer to fuel. Thus, spherical microgravity flames are capable of allowing stoichiometric mixture fraction, Zst, and direction of convection across the flame to be controlled independently. This allowed for a study of the phenomenon of permanently blue diffusion flames—flames that remain blue as strain rate approaches zero. Zst was varied by changing inert concentrations such that adiabatic flame temperature did not change. At low Zst, nitrogen was supplied with the oxidizer, and at high Zst, it was provided with the fuel. Flame structure, quantified by Zst, was found to have a profound effect on soot production. Soot-free conditions were observed at high Zst and sooting conditions were observed at low Zst regardless of convection direction. Convection direction was found to have a smaller impact on soot inception, suppressing formation when convection at the flame sheet was directed towards the oxidizer. A numerical analysis was developed to simulate steady state conditions and aided the interpretation of the results. The analysis revealed that steady state was not achieved for any of the flames, but particularly for those with pure ethylene or oxygen flowing from the porous burner. Furthermore, despite the fact that all flames had the same adiabatic flame temperature, the actual peak temperatures differed considerably. While transient burner heating and burner radiation reduced flame temperature, gas-phase radiative heat loss was the dominant mechanism accounting for these differences. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOOT
KW  - FLAME
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - Inverse flames
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Oxygen-enhanced combustion
KW  - Soot
KW  - Spherical flames
N1  - Accession Number: 9010498; Sunderland, P.B. 1 Axelbaum, R.L. 2; Email Address: rla@mecf.wustl.edu Urban, D.L. 3 Chao, B.H. 4 Liu, S. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 132 Issue 1/2, p25; Subject Term: SOOT; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen-enhanced combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spherical flames; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00424-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, L.F.
AU  - Roczen, D.E.
AU  - Youkhana, S.K.
AU  - Nemani, R.R.
AU  - Bosch, D.F.
T1  - Mapping vineyard leaf area with multispectral satellite imagery
JO  - Computers & Electronics in Agriculture
JF  - Computers & Electronics in Agriculture
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
SN  - 01681699
AB  - Vineyard leaf area is a key determinant of grape characteristics and wine quality. As is frequently the case in agriculture, available ground-based leaf area measurements employed by growers are not well suited to larger area mapping. In this study, IKONOS high spatial resolution, multispectral satellite imagery was used to map leaf area throughout two commercial wine grape vineyards (approximately 800 ha) in California''s North Coast growing region. The imagery was collected near harvest during the 2000 growing season, converted to at-sensor radiance, geo-referenced and transformed to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) on a per pixel basis. Measurements at 24 ground calibration sites were used to convert NDVI maps to leaf area index (LAI; m2 leaf area m−2 ground area); planting density was then used to express leaf area on a per vine basis (LAv). Image-based LAv was significantly correlated with ground-based LAv estimates developed at 23 validation sites (r2=0.72; P<0.001). Despite challenges posed by the discontinuous nature of vineyard canopies and architectural differences imposed by shoot positioning trellis systems, remote sensing appears to offer a basis for mapping vineyard leaf area in low LAI vineyards. Such maps can potentially be used to parameterize plant growth models or provide decision support for irrigation and canopy management. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Electronics in Agriculture is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAVES
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Geospatial technology
KW  - Leaf area
KW  - Precision viticulture
KW  - Satellite remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 8723036; Johnson, L.F. 1,2; Email Address: ljohnson@mail.arc.nasa.gov Roczen, D.E. 3 Youkhana, S.K. 3 Nemani, R.R. 4 Bosch, D.F. 5; Affiliation:  1: Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA  2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: VESTRA Resources, Inc., Redding, CA 96002, USA  4: Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA  5: Robert Mondavi Winery, Oakville, CA 94562, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p33; Subject Term: LEAVES; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geospatial technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precision viticulture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite remote sensing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, C.
AU  - Klooster, S.
AU  - Tan, P.
AU  - Steinbach, M.
AU  - Kumar, V.
AU  - Genovese, V.
T1  - Variability in Terrestrial Carbon Sinks over Two Decades. Part I: North America.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - Seventeen years (1982?98) of net carbon flux predictions from a simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover have been analyzed. The NASA-CASA model was driven by vegetation cover properties derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and radiative transfer algorithms that were developed for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). It is found that although the terrestrial ecosystem sink for atmospheric CO[sub2] on the North American continent has been fairly consistent at between +0.2 and +0.3 Pg C yr[sup-1], high interannual variability in net ecosystem production (NEP) fluxes can be readily identified at locations across the continent. Five major areas having the highest variability were detected: 1) along the extreme northern vegetated zones of Canada and Alaska, 2) the northern Rocky Mountains, 3) the central-western U.S. Great Plains and central farming region, 4) across the southern United States and Mexico, and 5) in coastal forest areas of the United States and Canada. Analysis of climate anomalies over this 17-yr time period suggests that variability in precipitation and surface solar irradiance could be associated with trends in carbon sink fluxes within regions of high NEP variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - VEGETATION mapping
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NORTH America
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Model
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 13922822; Potter, C. 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Klooster, S. 2 Tan, P. 3 Steinbach, M. 3 Kumar, V. 3 Genovese, V. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California  3: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: VEGETATION mapping; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NORTH America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Krauter, Charles
T1  - Regional Modeling of Ammonia Emissions from Native Soil Sources of California.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 28
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - The development of a new emissions inventory of ammonia volatilization from native soil sources (excluding direct emissions from fertilizer application sources) for the state of California is discussed. Because a comprehensive measurement dataset is currently lacking upon which to build a reliable emissions inventory for NH[sub3] from native soil sources in California, an ecosystem modeling approach that is based on satellite remote sensing and other geographic datasets was used to develop a new estimate of statewide biogenic emissions rates of N-NH[sub3]. The NASA-Ames version of the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) ecosystem model is applied for soil nitrogen gas emissions at 8-km spatial resolution. The NASA-CASA model estimates seasonal patterns in carbon fixation, nutrient allocation, litterfall, soil nitrogenmineralization, and soil NH[sub3] emissions. The general conditions and spatial patterns favoring soil NH[sub3] volatilization from soils (high pH, low moisture) have been integrated in the NASA-CASA formulation. Based on the modeling inventory estimate discussed here, statewide emissions of NH[sub3] from native soil N sources could range from 12 to 57 X 10[sup6] kg N-NH[sub3] annually, depending on the importance of soil pH on emissions rates. The most important land cover types in terms of contributions to this statewide emissions inventory are the croplands and semiagricultural ecosystems that cover about 20% of the total area of the state, but which make up one-third to one-half of the total soil N sources for NH[sub3] emissions annually. Other native soil source areas that contribute substantially to the statewide emissions inventory for emissions of NH[sub3] are soils of evergreen needleleaf forests, woodland, and wooded grassland ecosystems, mainly on the basis of their large area coverage of the state's natural areas. The model predicts that October is the peak month overall for NH[sub3] emissions from native soils in California. When tota... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - SOILS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Model
KW  - Soil
N1  - Accession Number: 13922553; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Klooster, Steven 2 Krauter, Charles 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035  2: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California  3: California State University, Fresno, Fresno, California; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ammonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 5 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ortiz, Rudy M.
AU  - Houser, Dorian S.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
AU  - Leo Ortiz, C.
T1  - Hormonal changes associated with the transition between nursing and natural fasting in northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris)
JO  - General & Comparative Endocrinology
JF  - General & Comparative Endocrinology
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 130
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
SN  - 00166480
AB  - To better interpret previously described hormonal changes observed during the natural postweaning fast (2–3 months) endured by pups of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), we compared plasma cortisol, thyroid hormones, and leptin in pups <f>(n=5)</f> measured during nursing and fasting periods. Blood samples were taken at four times; early (9 days postpartum) and late (18–22 days postpartum) nursing, and early (second week postweaning) and late (eighth week postweaning) fasting. Plasma cortisol increased 39% between early and late nursing and almost 4-fold by late fasting. After the early nursing period, cortisol and body mass were negatively correlated (<f>y=28.3−0.19x</f>; <f>R=0.569</f>; <f>p=0.027</f>). Total thyroxine <f>(tT4)</f>, free <f>T4</f> <f>(fT4)</f>, total triiodothyronine <f>(tT3)</f> and reverse <f>T3</f> <f>(rT3)</f> were greatest at early nursing and reduced by late nursing and remained so throughout the fast, with the exception of <f>tT4</f>, which increased between late nursing <f>(17.7±2.1 ng mL−1)</f> and late fasting <f>(30.1±2.8 ng mL−1)</f> periods. Leptin remained unaltered among the four sampling periods and was not correlated with body mass. Pups appear to exhibit a shift in the relationship between cortisol and body mass suggesting a potential role for cortisol in the regulation of body fat. The higher concentrations of <f>tT3</f> and <f>tT4</f> during early nursing may reflect enhanced growth and development during this period, however the increase late in fasting is likely physiologically insignificant and an artifact of reduced metabolic clearance of these hormones. Transition of the pups from nursing to fasting states is characterized by a striking lack of change in cortisol, thyroid hormones, and leptin suggesting that any metabolic alterations associated with this transition may occur independent of these hormones. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of General & Comparative Endocrinology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HORMONES
KW  - ELEPHANT seals
N1  - Accession Number: 8904166; Ortiz, Rudy M. 1,2; Email Address: rudy@biology.ucsc.edu Houser, Dorian S. 3 Wade, Charles E. 2 Leo Ortiz, C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Neuroendocrinology Lab, Division of Life Science, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Bioimimetica, 5750 Amaya Dr., Ste. 24, La Mesa, CA 91942, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 130 Issue 1, p78; Subject Term: HORMONES; Subject Term: ELEPHANT seals; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forth, Scott C.
AU  - Newman Jr, James C.
AU  - Forman, Royce G.
T1  - On generating fatigue crack growth thresholds
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
SN  - 01421123
AB  - The fatigue crack growth threshold, defining crack growth as either very slow or nonexistent, has been traditionally determined with standardized load reduction methodologies. These experimental procedures can induce load history effects that result in crack closure. This history can affect the crack driving force, i.e. during the unloading process the crack will close first at some point along the wake or blunt at the crack tip, reducing the effective load at the crack tip. One way to reduce the effects of load history is to propagate a crack under constant amplitude loading. As a crack propagates under constant amplitude loading, the stress intensity factor range, ΔK, will increase, as will the crack growth rate, da/dN. A fatigue crack growth threshold test procedure is experimentally validated that does not produce load history effects and can be conducted at a specified stress ratio, R. The authors have chosen to study a ductile aluminum alloy where the plastic deformations generated during testing may be of the magnitude to impact the crack opening. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEAD loads (Mechanics)
KW  - CRACKING process (Petroleum industry)
KW  - METALS -- Fatigue
KW  - Crack closure
KW  - Crack growth
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Test methods
KW  - Threshold
N1  - Accession Number: 7905599; Forth, Scott C. 1; Email Address: s.c.forth@larc.nasa.gov Newman Jr, James C. 2 Forman, Royce G. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid Street, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, 330 Walker Engineering Lab., Hardy Street, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Road 1, Mail Code EM2, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p9; Subject Term: DEAD loads (Mechanics); Subject Term: CRACKING process (Petroleum industry); Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Test methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Threshold; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gale, Arden Unbrit
AU  - Austin, B. Diane
T1  - Professionalism's Challenges to Professional Counselors' Collective Identity.
JO  - Journal of Counseling & Development
JF  - Journal of Counseling & Development
Y1  - 2003///Winter2003
VL  - 81
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 07489633
AB  - The authors discuss how attaining various standards of professionalism has inadvertently resulted in challenges to professional counselors' collective identity. The authors reviewed interviews with senior contributors to the profession published in the Journal of Counseling & Development, identifying themes in their comments to suggest potential solutions to helping professional counselors find unity in diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Counseling & Development is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GROUP identity
KW  - PROFESSIONALISM
KW  - COUNSELORS
KW  - OCCUPATIONAL roles
KW  - SOCIAL psychology
KW  - INTERPERSONAL relations
N1  - Accession Number: 9205445; Gale, Arden Unbrit 1 Austin, B. Diane 1; Email Address: bdausti@uark.edu; Affiliation:  1: Employee Development and Training, NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Source Info: Winter2003, Vol. 81 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: GROUP identity; Subject Term: PROFESSIONALISM; Subject Term: COUNSELORS; Subject Term: OCCUPATIONAL roles; Subject Term: SOCIAL psychology; Subject Term: INTERPERSONAL relations; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6719
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, L.
AU  - Bartels, R.E.
AU  - Chen, P.-C.
AU  - Liu, D.D.
T1  - Numerical investigation of transonic limit cycle oscillations of a two-dimensional supercritical wing
JO  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
JF  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
SN  - 08899746
AB  - CFD-based aeroelastic computations are performed to investigate the effect of nonlinear aerodynamics on transonic limit cycle oscillation (LCO) characteristics of the NLR7301 airfoil section. It is found that the LCO solutions from Navier–Stokes computations deviate less from the experiment than an Euler solution but strongly depend on the employed turbulence model. The Degani–Schiff modification to the Baldwin–Lomax turbulence model provokes spurious vorticity spots causing multiple shocks which might be unphysical, while the Spalart–Allmaras turbulence model yields physically reasonable unsteady shocks. In the cases examined, smaller initial perturbations lead to larger LCO amplitudes and vice versa, in contradiction to what one might expect. The amplitude of the initial perturbation is also found to have an impact on the mean position of LCO. Also addressed in the paper are aspects of multiblock message passing interface (MPI) parallel computation techniques as related to the present problem. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Fluids & Structures is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - LIMIT cycles
N1  - Accession Number: 9101319; Tang, L. 1; Email Address: tangl@zonatech.com Bartels, R.E. 2 Chen, P.-C. 1 Liu, D.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: ZONA Technology, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ 85251-3540, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA  3: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p29; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: LIMIT cycles; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0889-9746(02)00114-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kisiel, Z.
AU  - Desyatnyk, O.
AU  - Pszczólkowski, L.
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
T1  - Rotational spectra of quinoline and of isoquinoline: spectroscopic constants and electric dipole moments
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 217
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 115
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Rotational spectra of quinoline and of isoquinoline have been observed in the centimeter- and millimeter-wave regions. The spectra were assigned on the basis of bands formed by high-<f>J</f> transitions, which were measured up to <f>J″&les;128</f> and <f>ν&les;234</f> GHz. Complementary measurements were also made on low-<f>J</f>, centimeter-wave spectra observed in supersonic expansion and with fully resolved nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure. Accurate rotational, centrifugal distortion and hyperfine splitting constants for the ground states of both molecules are reported. The electric dipole moments for the two molecules were also determined from Stark effect measurements and are <f>μa</f>=0.14355(19), <f>μb</f>=2.0146(17), <f>μtot</f>=2.0197(17) D for quinoline, and <f>μa</f>=2.3602(21), <f>μb</f>=0.9051(14), <f>μtot</f>=2.5278(20) D for isoquinoline. The experimental observables were found to be rather accurately predicted by MP2/6-31G** ab initio calculations, and corresponding molecular geometries are also reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUINOLINE
KW  - ISOQUINOLINE
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 9011968; Kisiel, Z. 1; Email Address: kisiel@ifpan.edu.pl Desyatnyk, O. 1 Pszczólkowski, L. 1 Charnley, S.B. 2 Ehrenfreund, P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland  2: Planetary Systems Branch, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 217 Issue 1, p115; Subject Term: QUINOLINE; Subject Term: ISOQUINOLINE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald M.
AU  - Kahn, Kenneth B.
T1  - Creative Management (Book).
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 83
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 07376782
AB  - Reviews the book "Creative Management," ed. 2, edited by Jane Henry.
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - CREATIVE ability
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - HENRY, Jane
KW  - CREATIVE Management (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 9611674; Mulenburg, Gerald M. 1; Kahn, Kenneth B.; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Jan2003, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p83; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: CREATIVE ability; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: CREATIVE Management (Book); People: HENRY, Jane; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eisele, Thomas P.
AU  - Keating, Joseph
AU  - Swalm, Chris
AU  - Mbogo, Charles M.
AU  - Githeko, Andrew K.
AU  - Regens, James L.
AU  - Githure, John I.
AU  - Andrews, Linda
AU  - Beier, John C.
T1  - Linking field-based ecological data with remotely sensed data using a geographic information system in two malaria endemic urban areas of Kenya.
JO  - Malaria Journal
JF  - Malaria Journal
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 17
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 14752875
AB  - Background: Remote sensing technology provides detailed spectral and thermal images of the earth's surface from which surrogate ecological indicators of complex processes can be measured. Methods: Remote sensing data were overlaid onto georeferenced entomological and human ecological data randomly sampled during April and May 2001 in the cities of Kisumu (population ≈ 320,000) and Malindi (population ≈ 81,000), Kenya. Grid cells of 270 meters × 270 meters were used to generate spatial sampling units for each city for the collection of entomological and human ecological field-based data. Multispectral Thermal Imager (MTI) satellite data in the visible spectrum at five meter resolution were acquired for Kisumu and Malindi during February and March 2001, respectively. The MTI data were fit and aggregated to the 270 meter × 270 meter grid cells used in field-based sampling using a geographic information system. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated and scaled from MTI data for selected grid cells. Regression analysis was used to assess associations between NDVI values and entomological and human ecological variables at the grid cell level. Results: Multivariate linear regression showed that as household density increased, mean grid cell NDVI decreased (global F-test = 9.81, df 3,72, P-value = <0.01; adjusted R² = 0.26). Given household density, the number of potential anopheline larval habitats per grid cell also increased with increasing values of mean grid cell NDVI (global F-test = 14.29, df 3,36, P-value = <0.01; adjusted R² = 0.51). Conclusions: NDVI values obtained from MTI data were successfully overlaid onto georeferenced entomological and human ecological data spatially sampled at a scale of 270 meters × 270 meters. Results demonstrate that NDVI at such a scale was sufficient to describe variations in entomological and human ecological parameters across both cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
KW  - DISEASE prevalence
KW  - MALARIA
KW  - KENYA
N1  - Accession Number: 30095602; Eisele, Thomas P. 1; Email Address: teisele@tulane.edu Keating, Joseph 1; Email Address: jkeating@tulane.edu Swalm, Chris 2; Email Address: cswalm@tulane.edu Mbogo, Charles M. 3; Email Address: cmbogo@kilifi.mimcom.net Githeko, Andrew K. 4; Email Address: AGitheko@kisian.mimcom.net Regens, James L. 5; Email Address: regens@ou.edu Githure, John I. 6; Email Address: jgithure@icipe.org Andrews, Linda 7; Email Address: landrews@mail.arc.nasa.gov Beier, John C. 8; Email Address: jbeier@med.miami.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of International Health and Development, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA  2: Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA  3: Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kilifi, Kenya  4: Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya  5: Institute for Science and Public Policy, Sarkeys Energy Center, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA  6: Human Health Division, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya  7: USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  8: Global Public Health Program, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 2, p44; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: MALARIA; Subject Term: KENYA; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elmustafa, A.A.
AU  - Stone, D.S.
T1  - Size-dependent hardness in annealed and work hardened α-brass and aluminum polycrystalline materials using activation volume analysis
JO  - Materials Letters
JF  - Materials Letters
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 57
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
SN  - 0167577X
AB  - A study of the size-dependent hardness in aluminum and α-brass is presented. The study employs rate-effects to examine the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the indentation hardness size dependence (effect), or (ISE). These rate effects are characterized in terms of the rate sensitivity of the hardness, ∂H/∂ln&epsiv;˙eff, where H is the hardness and &epsiv;˙eff is an effective strain rate in the plastic zone beneath the indenter. ∂H/∂ln&epsiv;˙eff is measured using indentation creep, load relaxation, and rate change experiments. ∂H/∂ln&epsiv;˙eff is used to calculate the activation volume, V*; activation volume data measured using conventional uniaxial testing are compared with activation volume data measured using nanoindentation. The data for α-brass when plotted V* vs. H (hardness) or σ (flow stress), extrapolated into literature data from conventional uniaxial testing, while the aluminum data suffered an offset. We propose some mechanisms for this offset. Using V* formalism, we demonstrate using materials with different stacking fault energy (SFE) and specimens with different levels of work hardening how increasing the dislocation density affects V*; these effects may be taken as a kinetic signature of dislocation strengthening mechanisms. We depicted an ISE in both H and ∂H/∂ln&epsiv;˙eff(V*). The trend of V*-vs.-H as a result of the ISE is consistent with the trend of testing specimens with different levels of work hardening. This indicates that a dislocation mechanism drives the ISE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTIVATION (Chemistry)
KW  - MICROHARDNESS
KW  - Activation volume
KW  - Creep
KW  - Microhardness
KW  - Nanohardness
KW  - Nanoindentation
KW  - Size effect
N1  - Accession Number: 8723603; Elmustafa, A.A. 1; Email Address: a.a.elmustafa@larc.nasa.gov Stone, D.S. 2; Affiliation:  1: CONITS, NASA Langley Research Center, 41 Research Dr., Mailstop 142, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 57 Issue 5/6, p1072; Subject Term: ACTIVATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: MICROHARDNESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microhardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanohardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoindentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Size effect; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ming Xue
AU  - Donghai Wang
AU  - Jidong Gao
AU  - Brewster, Keith
AU  - Droegemeier, Kelvin K.
T1  - The Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS), storm-scale numerical weather prediction and data assimilation.
JO  - Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics
JF  - Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
EP  - 170
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01777971
AB  - In this paper, we first describe the current status of the Advanced Regional Prediction System of the Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms at the University of Oklahoma. A brief outline of future plans is also given. Two rather successful cases of explicit prediction of tornadic thunderstorms are then presented. In the first case, a series of supercell storms that produced a historical number of tornadoes was successfully predicted more than 8 hours in advance, to within tens of kilometers in space with initiation timing errors of less than 2 hours. The general behavior and evolution of the predicted thunderstorms agree very well with radar observations. In the second case, reflectivity and radial velocity observations from Doppler radars were assimilated into the model at 15-minute intervals. The ensuing forecast, covering a period of several hours, accurately reproduced the intensification and evolution of a tornadic supercell that in reality spawned two tornadoes over a major metropolitan area. These results make us optimistic that a model system such as the ARPS will be able to deterministically predict future severe convective events with significant lead time. The paper also includes a brief description of a new 3DVAR system developed in the ARPS framework. The goal is to combine several steps of Doppler radar retrieval with the analysis of other data types into a single 3-D variational framework and later to incorporate the ARPS adjoint to establish a true 4DVAR data assimilation system that is suitable for directly assimilating a wide variety of observations for flows ranging from synoptic down to the small nonhydrostatic scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tornadoes
KW  - Synoptic meteorology
KW  - Doppler radar
KW  - Metropolitan areas
KW  - Norman (Okla.)
KW  - Oklahoma
KW  - United States
KW  - University of Oklahoma
N1  - Accession Number: 14406355; Ming Xue 1,2; Email Address: mxue@ou.edu; Donghai Wang 1,3; Jidong Gao 1; Brewster, Keith 1; Droegemeier, Kelvin K. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.; 2: School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199.; Issue Info: Jan2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p139; Thesaurus Term: Tornadoes; Thesaurus Term: Synoptic meteorology; Subject Term: Doppler radar; Subject Term: Metropolitan areas; Subject: Norman (Okla.); Subject: Oklahoma; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: University of Oklahoma; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00703-001-0595-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Drew, R. E.
AU  - Hallett, J. G.
AU  - Aubry, K. B.
AU  - Cullings, K. W.
AU  - Koepf, S. M.
AU  - Zielinski, W. J.
T1  - Conservation genetics of the fisher (Martes pennanti ) based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing.
JO  - Molecular Ecology
JF  - Molecular Ecology
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 62
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 09621083
AB  - Abstract Translocation of animals to re-establish extirpated populations or to maintain declining ones has often been carried out without genetic information on source or target populations, or adequate consideration of the potential effects of mixing genetic stocks. We consider the conservation status of the fisher (Martes pennanti ) and evaluate the potential genetic consequences of past and future translocations on this medium-sized carnivore by examining population variation in mitochondrial control-region sequences. We sampled populations throughout the fisher's range in North America including five populations unaffected by translocations and two western populations that had received long-distance translocations. Twelve haplotypes showed little sequence divergence. Haplotype frequencies differed significantly among subspecies and between populations within subspecies. Analysis of molecular variance (amova) and neighbour-joining analyses of haplotype relationships revealed population subdivision similar to current subspecies designations, but which may reflect an isolation-by-distance pattern. Populations in Oregon and in Montana and Idaho received several translocations and each showed greater similarity to the populations where translocations originated than to adjacent populations. Additional sequences obtained from museum specimens collected prior to any translocations suggest historical gene flow among populations in British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and California. Anthropogenic impacts in that region have greatly reduced and isolated extant populations in Oregon and California. Future translocations may be necessary to recover populations in Washington and portions of Oregon and California; our results indicate that British Columbia would be the most appropriate source population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Conservation biology
KW  - Fisher (Mammal)
KW  - Mitochondrial DNA
KW  - Nucleotide sequence
KW  - conservation genetics
KW  - fisher
KW  - Martes pennanti
KW  - mtDNA
KW  - translocation
N1  - Accession Number: 8738237; Drew, R. E. 1; Hallett, J. G. 1; Aubry, K. B. 2; Cullings, K. W. 3; Koepf, S. M. 4; Zielinski, W. J. 5; Affiliations: 1: School of Biological Sciences, Box 644236, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA,; 2: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Olympia, WA 98512, USA,; 3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA,; 4: Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA,; 5: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Arcata, CA 95521 USA; Issue Info: Jan2003, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p51; Thesaurus Term: Conservation biology; Subject Term: Fisher (Mammal); Subject Term: Mitochondrial DNA; Subject Term: Nucleotide sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: conservation genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: fisher; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martes pennanti; Author-Supplied Keyword: mtDNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: translocation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2003.01715.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Lili L.
AU  - Eby, R.K.
AU  - Meador, Mary Ann B.
T1  - Investigation of oxidation profile in PMR-15 polyimide using atomic force microscope (AFM)
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 187
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Nanoindentation measurements are made on thermosetting materials using cantilever deflection vs. piezoelectric scanner position behavior determined by atomic force microscope (AFM). The spring model is used to determine mechanical properties of materials. The generalized Sneddon''s equation is utilized to calculate Young''s moduli for thermosetting materials at ambient conditions. Our investigations show that the force-penetration depth curves during unloading in these materials can be described accurately by a power law relationship. The results show that the accuracy of the measurements can be controlled within 7%. The above method is used to study oxidation profiles in PMR-15 polyimide. The thermo-mechanical profiles of PMR-15 indicate that the elastic modulus at the surface portion of the specimen is different from that at the interior of the material. It is also shown that there are two zones within the oxidized portion of the samples. Results confirm that the surface layer and the core material have substantially different properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - Atomic force microscopy
KW  - Nanomechanical properties
KW  - PMR-15 polyimide
N1  - Accession Number: 8548152; Johnson, Lili L. 1; Email Address: lljohn@aestpe.com Eby, R.K. 1 Meador, Mary Ann B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3909, USA  2: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p187; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic force microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanomechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMR-15 polyimide; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nigam, S.
AU  - Kim, J.
AU  - Luo, B.
AU  - Ren, F.
AU  - Chung, G.Y.
AU  - Pearton, S.J.
AU  - Williams, J.R.
AU  - Shenai, K.
AU  - Neudeck, P.
T1  - Effect of contact geometry on 4H-SiC rectifiers with junction termination extension
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
SN  - 00381101
AB  - SiC rectifiers with an on/off current ratio of <f>4×105</f> (at 1.5 V/−500 V) were fabricated using junction termination extension (JTE) and dielectric overlap. The reverse breakdown voltage was inversely dependent on contact area and was not a strong function of JTE length up to 40 <f>μ</f>m. Similarly, for a given JTE length, the metal overlap did not have a strong influence on breakdown voltage. Oval- and circular-shaped contacts produced larger breakdown voltages than square rectifying contacts. The on-state resistance, RON, was 4.2 m<f>Ω</f> cm2, which is close to the theoretical minimum of these rectifiers using Ni Schottky contacts. The figure-of-merit <f>(VB)2/RON</f> was as high as 156 MW cm−2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
KW  - BREAKDOWN voltage
N1  - Accession Number: 8543732; Nigam, S. 1 Kim, J. 1 Luo, B. 1 Ren, F. 1; Email Address: ren@che.ufl.edu Chung, G.Y. 2 Pearton, S.J. 3 Williams, J.R. 4 Shenai, K. 5 Neudeck, P. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  2: Sterling Semiconductor, Tampa, FL 33619, USA  3: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  4: Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA  5: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7053, USA  6: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p57; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: BREAKDOWN voltage; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nigam, S.
AU  - Kim, Jihyun
AU  - Luo, B.
AU  - Ren, F.
AU  - Chung, G.Y.
AU  - Pearton, S.J.
AU  - Williams, J.R.
AU  - Shenai, K.
AU  - Neudeck, P.
T1  - Influence of edge termination geometry on performance of 4H-SiC p–i–n rectifiers
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2003/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
SN  - 00381101
AB  - P–i–n 4H-SiC rectifiers with SiO2 passivated mesa edge termination showed forward current characteristics dominated by recombination at low bias (<f>n∼1.97</f>) and diffusion at high voltages (<f>n∼1.1</f>). The forward turn-on voltage was <f>∼</f>4 V, with a specific on-state resistance of 15 m<f>Ω</f> cm2, on/off current ratio of <f>1.5×105</f> at 3 V/<f>−</f>450 V and figure-of-merit, <f>VB2/RON</f>, of 13.5 MW cm−2. The mesa extension distance did not have a strong impact on reverse breakdown voltage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON rectifiers
KW  - BREAKDOWN voltage
N1  - Accession Number: 8543733; Nigam, S. 1 Kim, Jihyun 1 Luo, B. 1 Ren, F. 1; Email Address: ren@che.ufl.edu Chung, G.Y. 2 Pearton, S.J. 3 Williams, J.R. 4 Shenai, K. 5 Neudeck, P. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  2: Sterling Semiconductor, Tampa, FL 33619, USA  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  4: Physics Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA  5: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-7053, USA  6: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p61; Subject Term: SILICON rectifiers; Subject Term: BREAKDOWN voltage; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Custaud, Marc-Antoine
AU  - Arnaud, Sara B.
AU  - Monk, Timothy H.
AU  - Claustrat, Bruno
AU  - Gharib, Claude
AU  - Gauquelin-Koch, Guillemette
T1  - Hormonal changes during 17 days of head-down bed-rest
JO  - Life Sciences
JF  - Life Sciences
Y1  - 2003/01/17/
VL  - 72
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1001
SN  - 00243205
AB  - We investigated in six men the impact of 17 days of head-down bed rest (HDBR) on the daily rhythms of the hormones involved in hydroelectrolytic regulation. This HDBR study was designed to mimic a real space flight. Urine samples were collected at each voiding before, during and after HDBR. Urinary excretion of Growth Hormone (GH), Cortisol, 6 Sulfatoxymelatonin, Normetadrenaline (NMN) and Metadrenaline (NM) was determined. A decrease in urinary cortisol excretion during the night of HDBR was noted. For GH, a rhythm was found before and during HDBR. The rhythm of melatonin, evaluated with the urine excretion of 6 Sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6S), the main hepatic metabolite, persisted throughout the experiment without any modification to the level of phase. A decrease during the night was noted for normetadrenaline urinary derivates, but only during the HDBR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Life Sciences is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - BED rest
KW  - HORMONES
KW  - Circadian rhythms
KW  - Head-down bed rest
KW  - Hormones
KW  - Human
N1  - Accession Number: 8669173; Custaud, Marc-Antoine 1; Email Address: mcustaud@club-internet.fr Arnaud, Sara B. 2 Monk, Timothy H. 3 Claustrat, Bruno 4 Gharib, Claude 1 Gauquelin-Koch, Guillemette 1,5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Environnement (GIP exercice), Faculté de Médecine Lyon Grange-Blanche, 8, Avenue Rockefeller, F-69373 Lyon Cedex 08, France  2: M/S 239-11 NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Sleep and Chronobiology Center, University of Pittsburgh, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  4: Service de Radioanalyse Centre de Médecine Nucléaire,  Hôpital Neurologique, 59, Bd Pinel 69394 Lyon Cedex 03, France  5: Centre National d'Études Spatiales, 2, place Maurice Quentin, 75039 Paris Cedex 01, France; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 72 Issue 9, p1001; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: BED rest; Subject Term: HORMONES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circadian rhythms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Head-down bed rest; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hormones; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lallemand, Pierre
AU  - Luo, Li-Shi
T1  - Lattice Boltzmann method for moving boundaries
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2003/01/20/
VL  - 184
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 406
SN  - 00219991
AB  - We propose a lattice Boltzmann method to treat moving boundary problems for solid objects moving in a fluid. The method is based on the simple bounce-back boundary scheme and interpolations. The proposed method is tested in two flows past an impulsively started cylinder moving in a channel in two dimensions: (a) the flow past an impulsively started cylinder moving in a transient Couette flow; and (b) the flow past an impulsively started cylinder moving in a channel flow at rest. We obtain satisfactory results and also verify the Galilean invariance of the lattice Boltzmann method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - Flows past an impulsively started cylinder moving in a channel
KW  - Galilean invariance
KW  - Generalized lattice Boltzmann equation
KW  - Moving boundary
N1  - Accession Number: 9054471; Lallemand, Pierre 1; Email Address: lalleman@asci.fr Luo, Li-Shi 2; Email Address: luo@asci.fr; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire CNRS-ASCI, Bâtiment 506, Université Paris-Sud (Paris XI Orsay), 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  2: ICASE, MS 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, 3 West Reid Street, Building 1152, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 184 Issue 2, p406; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flows past an impulsively started cylinder moving in a channel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galilean invariance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Generalized lattice Boltzmann equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moving boundary; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
T1  - A deterministic interfacial cyclic oxidation spalling model
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2003/01/22/
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
SN  - 13596454
AB  - A series summation has been developed to model the iterative scale growth and spalling process of cyclic oxidation. Parabolic scale growth has been assumed. Interfacial spallation of a constant area fraction was stipulated to occur only at the thickest portions. Inputs are the parabolic growth rate constant, spall area fraction, oxide stoichiometry, and cycle duration. Outputs include the net weight change, amount of oxygen and metal consumed, and amount of oxide spalled. Classic weight change curves are produced with an initial maximum and final linear weight loss rate. This simplicity allowed for representation by explicit algebraic functions for all outputs and characteristic features. The maximum in weight change varies directly with the parabolic rate constant and cycle duration and inversely with the spall fraction, all to the <f>1/2</f> power. The ratio of the number of cycles to reach maximum and zero weight change is exactly 1:3, and these vary only with the inverse of the spall fraction. Many similarities to and some differences with previous cyclic models are identified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Nickel alloys
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 8927465; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: james.l.smialek@grs.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2003, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p469; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal cycling; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00430-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segovia-Juarez, Jose L.
AU  - Colombano, Silvano
T1  - The effect of molecular inhibition on evolutionary learning: studies in the hypernetwork architecture
JO  - Biosystems
JF  - Biosystems
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 68
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 187
SN  - 03032647
AB  - The hypernetwork architecture is a biologically inspired learning model based on abstract molecules and molecular interactions that exhibits functional and organizational correlation with biological systems. Hypernetwork organisms were trained, by molecular evolution, to solve N-input parity tasks. We found that learning improves when molecules exhibit inhibitory sites, allowing molecular inhibition and opening the possibility of forming negative feedback regulatory pathways. Optimal learning is achieved when at least 20% of the molecules in each cell have inhibitory sites. Intra-cellular as well as inter-cellular molecular inhibitions play an important role in the information processing of hypernetwork organisms, by maintaining a balance of the molecular cascade reactions. Similar mechanisms inside neurons are considered important for memory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biosystems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - LEARNING
KW  - Biological information processing
KW  - Evolutionary learning
KW  - Homeostasis
KW  - Inhibition
KW  - Molecular regulation
N1  - Accession Number: 9164088; Segovia-Juarez, Jose L. 1; Email Address: jls@cs.wayne.edu Colombano, Silvano 2; Email Address: scolombano@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science, Biocomputing Laboratory, Wayne State University, 431 State Hall, Detroit, MI 48202, USA  2: Computational Sciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 68 Issue 2/3, p187; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: LEARNING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biological information processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolutionary learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homeostasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular regulation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0303-2647(02)00095-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ortiz, Rudy M.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
AU  - Ortiz, C. Leo
T1  - Body water handling in response to hypertonic-saline induced diuresis in fasting northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris)
JO  - Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
JF  - Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 134
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
SN  - 10956433
AB  - During natural fasting conditions in postweaned northern elephant seal (NES) (Mirounga angustirostris) pups, urinary water loss is minimized and percent total body water (TBW) is maintained constant. However, following infusion of hypertonic saline, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine output increased in fasting pups. Therefore, we quantified the magnitude of the hypernatremia-induced diuresis relative to the animal''s total body water (TBW) pool and the percentage of filtered water reabsorbed. Following a 24 h control period, naturally fasting NES pups (n=7) were infused (4 ml min−1) with hypertonic saline (16.7%) at a dose of 3 mmol NaCl kg−1 body mass. Total body water was estimated prior to infusion by tritium dilution, GFR was estimated by standard creatinine clearance, and urine output (V) was measured for 24 h during the control and post infusion periods. Percentage of filtered water reabsorbed was calculated as (1−(V/GFR))×100. Twenty-four hours following the infusion, GFR (control: 69±12 ml min−1 and post-infusion: 118±19 ml min−1; mean±S.E.) increased 77±28% above control and the percentage of filtered water reabsorbed was decreased 0.4±0.1%. The increase in urine output (control: 218±47 ml d−1 and post-infusion: 883±92 ml d−1) accounted for 1.7±0.2% of the pups’ TBW. The hypernatremia-induced diuresis was accompanied by the loss of body water indicating the lack of water retention. Although the 77% increase in GFR was only associated with a 0.4% decrease in the percentage of filtered water reabsorbed, this decrease was significant enough to result in a 4-fold increase in urine output. Despite the observed diuresis, fasting NES pups appear to possess an efficient water recycling mechanism requiring only a small percentage of body water to excrete an excess salt load. This water recycling mechanism may allow pups to avoid negative perturbations in body water as they initiate feeding in a marine environment following the fast. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARINE mammals
KW  - FASTING
KW  - NATRIURESIS
KW  - GFR
KW  - Kidney
KW  - Marine mammals
KW  - Natriuresis
KW  - Total body water
KW  - Water reabsorption
N1  - Accession Number: 8930030; Ortiz, Rudy M. 1; Email Address: rudy@biology.ucsc.edu Wade, Charles E. 2 Ortiz, C. Leo 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Division of Life Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 134 Issue 2, p423; Subject Term: MARINE mammals; Subject Term: FASTING; Subject Term: NATRIURESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: GFR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kidney; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine mammals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Natriuresis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Total body water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water reabsorption; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman Jr., J.C.
AU  - James, M.A.
AU  - Zerbst, U.
T1  - A review of the CTOA/CTOD fracture criterion
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 70
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 371
SN  - 00137944
AB  - The crack-tip-opening angle or displacement (CTOA/CTOD) fracture criterion is one of the oldest fracture criteria applied to fracture of metallic materials with cracks. During the past two decades, the use of elastic–plastic finite-element analyses to simulate fracture of laboratory specimens and structural components using the CTOA criterion has expanded rapidly. But the early applications were restricted to two-dimensional analyses, assuming either plane-stress or plane-strain behavior, which lead to generally non-constant values of CTOA, especially in the early stages of crack extension. Later, the non-constant CTOA values were traced to inappropriate state-of-stress (or constraint) assumptions in the crack-front region and severe crack tunneling in thin-sheet materials. More recently, the CTOA fracture criterion has been used with three-dimensional analyses to study constraint effects, crack tunneling, and the fracture process. The constant CTOA criterion (from crack initiation to failure) has been successfully applied to numerous structural applications, such as aircraft fuselages and pipelines. But why does the “constant CTOA” fracture criterion work so well? This paper reviews the results from several studies, discusses the issues of why CTOA works, and discusses its limitations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - METALLOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 8564417; Newman Jr., J.C. 1; Email Address: j.c.newman.jr@ae.msstate.edu James, M.A. 2 Zerbst, U. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, 314C Walker Engineering Laboratory, Hardy Street, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA  2: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: GKSS Research Center, Geeshtacht, Germany; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 70 Issue 3/4, p371; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: METALLOGRAPHY; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ma, L.
AU  - Lam, P.W.
AU  - Kokaly, M.T.
AU  - Kobayashi, A.S.
T1  - CTOA of a stable crack in a thin aluminum fracture specimen
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 70
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 427
SN  - 00137944
AB  - A crack tip opening angle (CTOA) resistance curve was generated from the moire´ interferometry data of thin single edge notched (SEN) and central notched (CN), 2024-T3 aluminum fracture specimens. This CTOA resistance curve, which has a steady state value of 6°, was then used to propagate the cracks in elastic–plastic finite element models of the CN specimen and a CN specimen with a simulated multiple site damage. The CTOA of curved crack growth in a biaxial fracture specimen scattered between 4° and 8° but the resultant crack tip opening displacement, which is the vector sum of the mode-I and the mode-II crack tip sliding displacement, remained a constant 0.18 mm. The CTOA of a rapidly propagating crack in 1.6 mm thick, 7075-T6 SEN specimens increased from 4.5° at a low-crack velocity to a constant 7° at the terminal crack velocity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - COD
KW  - CTOA
KW  - Dynamic crack growth
KW  - Finite element analysis
KW  - Moiré interferometry
KW  - Stable crack growth
N1  - Accession Number: 8564422; Ma, L. 1 Lam, P.W. 2 Kokaly, M.T. 3 Kobayashi, A.S. 4; Email Address: ask@u.washington.edu; Affiliation:  1: Structural Integrity Group, United Technology Research Center, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Orbital Sciences Corporation, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Fatigue Technology Inc., Seattle, WA 98188-2868, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2600, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 70 Issue 3/4, p427; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: COD; Author-Supplied Keyword: CTOA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moiré interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stable crack growth; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - James, M.A.
AU  - Newman Jr., J.C.
T1  - The effect of crack tunneling on crack growth: experiments and CTOA analyses
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 70
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 457
SN  - 00137944
AB  - This paper compares experimental crack-front shapes recorded at various stages of crack growth with area-average crack growth values during fracture tests conducted on 2024-T351 aluminum alloy plate. Crack-front shapes were determined by fracturing the specimen to a predetermined amount of crack growth and fatigue cycling the specimen for about 4000 cycles at a high stress ratio (<f>Pmin/Pmax</f>) to mark the crack-front location. For each shape, the area-average crack length was determined. The evolution of tunneling was used to create a calibration curve that could be used to adjust surface measured crack-length values, for a more representative comparison with analyses that use a straight crack-front approximation. The analysis compares much more favorably with the average crack growth than with the surface measured values near maximum load. However, the area-average technique tends to over correct crack growth near the crack initiation load. Crack tunneling results show that the area-average technique produces more representative crack-length measurements compared to optical based surface measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Fracture
KW  - TUNNELING (Physics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - Area-average
KW  - Crack growth
KW  - CTOA
KW  - Finite-element analysis
KW  - Tunneling
KW  - Unloading compliance
N1  - Accession Number: 8564425; James, M.A. 1; Email Address: m.a.james@larc.nasa.gov Newman Jr., J.C. 2; Affiliation:  1: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 70 Issue 3/4, p457; Subject Term: METALS -- Fracture; Subject Term: TUNNELING (Physics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Area-average; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: CTOA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tunneling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unloading compliance; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hampton, Roy W.
AU  - Nelson, Drew
T1  - Stable crack growth and instability prediction in thin plates and cylinders
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 70
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Many fracture applications require accurate prediction of the tearing resistance of thin metallic components. However, the three-dimensional (3D) nature of crack front advance is significant even in thin plates and requires special considerations for accurate predictions. An advanced fracture code, WARP3D, was used to model 3D effects and predict the large amounts of crack tearing preceding instability in flat plates and cylinders. In this work, the crack tearing resistance of thin plate aluminum alloy 2219-T87 fracture test specimens was measured experimentally. Finite element analysis (FEA) computations that modeled crack tunneling behavior were performed with WARP3D to determine a characteristic crack tip opening angle to match the observed tearing resistance behavior. Fracture predictions for the same thickness in a pressurized cylinder were then made using the calibrated values, and compared with results from tests and with uniform crack front FEA predictions. The experiments and calculations were performed for two thicknesses of material, the thinner one to verify the methodology, and a thicker one to predict critical crack length for the International Space Station modules. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Fracture
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - 2219-T87 aluminum
KW  - 3D finite element analysis
KW  - Crack tunneling
KW  - CTOA
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Stable crack growth
KW  - Tearing resistance
KW  - Thin cylinders
KW  - Thin plates
N1  - Accession Number: 8564427; Hampton, Roy W. 1; Email Address: rhampton@arc.nasa.gov Nelson, Drew 2; Affiliation:  1: Structural Analysis & Verification Group Leader, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Design Division, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4021, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 70 Issue 3/4, p469; Subject Term: METALS -- Fracture; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: 2219-T87 aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3D finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack tunneling; Author-Supplied Keyword: CTOA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stable crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tearing resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin cylinders; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin plates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman Jr., J.C.
AU  - Dawicke, D.S.
AU  - Seshadri, B.R.
T1  - Residual strength analyses of stiffened and un-stiffened panels––Part I: laboratory specimens
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 70
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
SN  - 00137944
AB  - This paper presents the results of residual strength analyses on stiffened and un-stiffened panels using the STructural Analysis of General Shells (STAGS) finite-element shell code and the critical crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA) fracture criterion. Previous analyses of wide, flat panels have shown that high-constraint conditions around a crack front must be modeled in order for the critical CTOA fracture criterion to predict wide panel failures from small laboratory tests. Thus, the STAGS code with the “plane-strain” core option was used in all analyses. In the present study, the critical CTOA (<f>Ψc</f>) value and the plane-strain core height were determined from a fit to the experimental load-against-crack-extension results from a series of middle-crack tension specimens (76–1016 mm wide) tested with anti-buckling guides. In the residual strength analyses of the 305-mm wide stiffened panels with a single crack, modeling of the sheet, stiffeners, rivet flexibility and buckling were based on methods and criteria, like that currently used in industry. STAGS and the CTOA criterion were used to predict load-against-crack extension for the single stiffened panels for both intact and cut stiffeners. Analyses were able to predict stable crack growth and residual strength of the single stiffened panels within about <f>±</f>5% of the test failure loads. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - Aluminum alloy
KW  - Cracks
KW  - CTOA
KW  - Finite-element method
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Stiffened panels
N1  - Accession Number: 8564428; Newman Jr., J.C. 1; Email Address: j.c.newman.jr@ae.msstate.edu Dawicke, D.S. 2 Seshadri, B.R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, 330 Walker Engineering Laboratory, Hardy Street, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 70 Issue 3/4, p493; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: CTOA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stiffened panels; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seshadri, B.R.
AU  - Newman Jr., J.C.
AU  - Dawicke, D.S.
T1  - Residual strength analyses of stiffened and unstiffened panels––Part II: wide panels
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 70
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 509
SN  - 00137944
AB  - This paper highlights the results from fracture analyses conducted on the FAA/NASA wide panels (with and without stiffeners) using structural analysis of general shells code and the critical crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA) fracture criterion. The critical CTOA and plane-strain core height values, calibrated from a fit to the experimental load-against-crack-extension results from a series of unstiffened panels (76–1016 mm wide) tests with anti-buckling guides (Part I of this paper), were used in the analyses of wide stiffened and unstiffened panels. As discussed in Part I of this paper, high constraint around the crack front like plane strain has been accounted for by using the “plane-strain core” option in all analyses. By accounting for high constraint around crack front, it was possible for the critical CTOA fracture criterion to predict wide panel failures from small laboratory tests. As followed in Part I of this paper, rivet flexibility and stiffener failures in the analyses of wide panels were based on methods and criteria like that currently used in the industry. Analyses were able to predict stable crack growth and residual strength of both stiffened and unstiffened panels with various amounts of multiple-site damage within <f>±</f>10% of the test results. Finally, it has been demonstrated that, it is possible to predict the residual strength of wide stiffened and unstiffened panels with critical CTOA calibrated from small laboratory coupons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRUCTURAL shells
KW  - Crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA)
KW  - Elastic–plastic finite element analysis
KW  - Plane-strain core
KW  - Wide stiffened panels
N1  - Accession Number: 8564429; Seshadri, B.R. 1; Email Address: b.r.seshadri@larc.nasa.gov Newman Jr., J.C. 2 Dawicke, D.S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, Mississippi, MS 39762, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 70 Issue 3/4, p509; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL shells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack-tip-opening angle (CTOA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic–plastic finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plane-strain core; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wide stiffened panels; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qian, Hong
AU  - Beard, Daniel A.
AU  - Liang, Shou-dan
T1  - Stoichiometric network theory for nonequilibrium biochemical systems.
JO  - European Journal of Biochemistry
JF  - European Journal of Biochemistry
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 270
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 421
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00142956
AB  - We introduce the basic concepts and develop a theory for nonequilibrium steady-state biochemical systems applicable to analyzing large-scale complex isothermal reaction networks. In terms of the stoichiometric matrix, we demonstrate both Kirchhoff's flux law Σℓ J ℓ =0 over a biochemical species, and potential law Σℓ μ ℓ =0 over a reaction loop. They reflect mass and energy conservation, respectively. For each reaction, its steady-state flux J can be decomposed into forward and backward one-way fluxes J = J  +  – J  –  , with chemical potential difference Δµ = RT ln(J– /J  +  ). The product –JΔµ gives the isothermal heat dissipation rate, which is necessarily non-negative according to the second law of thermodynamics. The stoichiometric network theory (SNT) embodies all of the relevant fundamental physics. Knowing J and Δµ of a biochemical reaction, a conductance can be computed which directly reflects the level of gene expression for the particular enzyme. For sufficiently small flux a linear relationship between J and Δµ can be established as the linear flux–force relation in irreversible thermodynamics, analogous to Ohm's law in electrical circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Journal of Biochemistry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - Biochemical network
KW  - chemical potential
KW  - flux
KW  - nonequilibrium thermodynamics
KW  - steady-state
N1  - Accession Number: 8962247; Qian, Hong 1,2 Beard, Daniel A. 2 Liang, Shou-dan 3; Affiliation:  1: Applied Mathematics and  2: Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA;  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 270 Issue 3, p415; Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemical network; Author-Supplied Keyword: chemical potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonequilibrium thermodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: steady-state; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03357.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ikegami, M.
AU  - Xu, G.
AU  - Ikeda, K.
AU  - Honma, S.
AU  - Nagaishi, H.
AU  - Dietrich, D.L.
AU  - Takeshita, Y.
T1  - Distinctive combustion stages of single heavy oil droplet under microgravity&star;
JO  - Fuel
JF  - Fuel
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
SN  - 00162361
AB  - This report presents an investigation on the combustion of single droplets comprised of heavy oil and oil mixtures blending diesel light oil (LO) and a heavy oil residue (HOR). The tests were conducted in a microgravity facility that offered 10 s of free-fall time. Fine wire thermocouples supported the droplets, resulting in a measurement of droplet temperature history. Additional data were the droplet and flame size history. The results identified four distinctive burning stages between ignition and extinction for heavy oil (C class) and HOR–LO blends. They are, in succession, the start-up, inner evaporation, thermal decomposition (pyrolysis) and polymerization stages. The start-up stage denoted an initial transient period, where the LO components burned from the droplet surface and the droplet temperature increased rapidly. The latter three stages featured pronounced droplet swellings and contractions caused by fuel evaporation and decomposition inside the droplet. An evaporation temperature demarcated the start-up stage from the inner evaporation stage, and this temperature corresponded to a plateau in the temperature history of the droplet. Two additional temperatures, termed the decomposition and polymerization temperatures, indicated the ends of the evaporation and decomposition stages. These temperatures were similarly identified by plateaus or inflection points in the time–temperature diagram. The evaporation temperature gradually decreased with increasing the initial LO mass fraction in the droplet, whereas the other two temperatures were almost independent of the oil composition. All three temperatures increased with decreasing initial droplet diameter, but the dependence was very slight. Based on the results, the combustion of heavy oil droplets appears to be dominated by a distillation-like vaporization mechanism, because of the rapid mass transport within the droplets caused by the disruptive burning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Fuel is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - HEAVY oil
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Heavy oil
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Multicomponent fuel
KW  - Temperature history
KW  - Vaporization mechanism
N1  - Accession Number: 7787310; Ikegami, M. 1; Email Address: m.ikegami@aist.go.jp Xu, G. 1 Ikeda, K. 1 Honma, S. 1 Nagaishi, H. 1 Dietrich, D.L. 2 Takeshita, Y. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST Hokkaido), 2-17 Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Japan Space Utilization Promotion Center, 3-30-16 Nishiwaseda, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8624, Japan; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p293; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: HEAVY oil; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heavy oil; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multicomponent fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature history; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaporization mechanism; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211114 Non-conventional oil extraction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cabrol, Nathalie A.
AU  - Grin, Edmond A.
T1  - Overview on the formation of paleolakes and ponds on Mars
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 35
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Lakes on Mars were formed under periglacial to glacial climates. Extreme conditions prevailed including freezing temperatures, low atmospheric pressure, high evaporation/sublimation rates, and liquid water reservoirs locked in aquifers below a thick cryosphere. Although many of the Martian paleolakes display evidence of a short period of activity consistent with these conditions, others display clear evidence of lifetimes ranging from 104 to 105 years. The discovery of young seeping processes in impact craters and pole-facing valley slopes along with young volcanic activity raise questions about the conditions and limitations of liquid water flow and potential lacustrine activity today on Mars. Current climate models show that in today''s conditions there exist regions on Mars of sols above the triple point and below boiling point of water that could provide hydrogeological conditions comparable to these of the Antarctic Dry Valley lakes (with the exception of the atmosphere pressure). The locations of the most recent Martian paleolakes are correlated with these regions. Throughout the history of Mars, lakes generated diversified environments, which could have provided potential habitats for life. The recent discovery of young energy sources from volcanism and the potential for liquid water reinforces the possibility of extant life on Mars, and suggests recent ponds and ancient paleolakes as primary targets for rover and sample return missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAKES
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - GLACIAL climates
KW  - Mars
KW  - paleolake
KW  - ponds
N1  - Accession Number: 8564969; Cabrol, Nathalie A.; Email Address: ncabrol@mail.arc.nasa.gov Grin, Edmond A. 1; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 35 Issue 3/4, p199; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: GLACIAL climates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: paleolake; Author-Supplied Keyword: ponds; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korycansky, D.G.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - High-resolution simulations of the impacts of asteroids into the venusian atmosphere III: further 3D models
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 161
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 244
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We report on high-resolution three-dimensional calculations of oblique impacts into planetary atmospheres, specifically the atmosphere of Venus, extending the results of Korycansky et al. (2000, Icarus 146, 387–403; 2002, Icarus 157, 1–23). We have made calculations for impacts at 0°, 45°, and 60° from the vertical, different impactor velocities (10, 20, and 40 km s−1), and different impactor masses and orientations. We present results for porous impactors using a simple model of porosity. We have investigated the sensitivity to initial conditions of the calculations [as a follow-up to the results found in ] and resolution effects. For use in cratering calculations, we fit simple functions to the numerical results for mass and momentum that penetrate to a given altitude (column mass) and investigate the behavior of the fit coefficients as functions of impactor parameters such as mass, velocity, and impact angle. Generally speaking, the mass and momentum (and hence resulting crater diameters) depend primarily on impactor mass and mass of atmosphere encountered and weakly or not at all on other parameters such as impactor velocity, impact angle, or porosity. The column mass to which the last portion of the impactor penetrates is approximately equal to the mass of impactor at the top of the atmosphere before the impact takes place. Finally, we present the beginnings of a simplified but physically based model for the impactor and its fragments to reproduce the mass and momentum fluxes as a function of height during the impact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - Impact processes
N1  - Accession Number: 9193967; Korycansky, D.G. 1; Email Address: kory@es.ucsc.edu Zahnle, Kevin J. 2; Affiliation:  1: CODEP, Department Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, 245-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 161 Issue 2, p244; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00049-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakes, E.L.O.
AU  - Lebonnois, S.ébastien
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - The role of submicrometer aerosols and macromolecules in H2 formation in the titan haze
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 161
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 468
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Previous studies of the photochemistry of small molecules in Titan’s atmosphere found it difficult to have hydrogen atoms removed at a rate sufficient to explain the observed abundance of unsaturated hydrocarbons. One qualitative explanation of the discrepancy nominated catalytic aerosol surface chemistry as an efficient sink of hydrogen atoms, although no quantitative study of this mechanism was attempted. In this paper, we quantify how haze aerosols and macromolecules may efficiently catalyze the formation of hydrogen atoms into H2. We describe the prompt reaction model for the formation of H2 on aerosol surfaces and compare this with the catalytic formation of H2 using negatively charged hydrogenated aromatic macromolecules. We conclude that the PRM is an efficient mechanism for the removal of hydrogen atoms from the atmosphere to form H2 with a peak formation rate of ∼ 70 cm−3 s−1 at 420 km. We also conclude that catalytic H2 formation via hydrogenated anionic macromolecules is viable but much less productive (a maximum of ∼ 0.1 cm−3 s−1 at 210 km) than microphysical aerosols. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - Aerosol charging
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 9193954; Bakes, E.L.O. 1; Email Address: bokes@shivakali.arc.nasa.gov Lebonnois, S.ébastien 2 Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 3 McKay, Christopher P. 4; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mail Stop 245-33, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Mail Stop 245-33, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Space Sciences Division, Mail Stop 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 161 Issue 2, p468; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol charging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00040-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lebonnois, S.ébastien
AU  - Bakes, E.L.O.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Atomic and molecular hydrogen budget in Titan’s atmosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 161
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Using a one-dimensional model, we investigate the hydrogen budget and escape to space in Titan’s atmosphere. Our goal is to study in detail the distributions and fluxes of atomic and molecular hydrogen in the model, while identifying sources of qualitative and quantitative uncertainties. Our study confirms that the escape of atomic and molecular hydrogen to space is limited by the diffusion through the homopause level. The H distribution and flux inside the atmosphere are very sensitive to the eddy diffusion coefficient used above altitude 600 km. We chose a high value of this coefficient 1 × 108 cm2 s−1 and a homopause level around altitude 900 km. We find that H flows down significantly from the production region above 500 km to the region [300–500] km, where it recombines into H2. Production of both H and H2 also occurs in the stratosphere, mostly from photodissociation of acetylene. The only available observational data to be compared are the escape rate of H deduced from Pioneer 11 and IUE observations of the H torus 1–3 × 109 cm−2 s−1 and the latest retrieved value of the H2 mole fraction in the stratosphere: (1.1 ± 0.1) × 10−3. Our results for both of these values are at least 50–100% higher, though the uncertainties within the chemical schemes and other aspects of the model are large. The chemical conversion from H to H2 is essentially done through catalytic cycles using acetylene and diacetylene. We have studied the role of this diacetylene cycle, for which the associated reaction rates are poorly known. We find that it mostly affects C4 species and benzene in the lower atmosphere, rather than the H profile and the hydrogen budget. We have introduced the heterogenous recombination of hydrogen on the surface of aerosol particles in the stratosphere, and this appears to be a significant process, comparable to the chemical processes. It has a major influence on the H distribution, and consequently on several other species, especially C3H4, C4H2 and C6H6. Therefore, this heterogenous process should be taken into account when trying to understand the stratospheric distribution of these hydrocarbons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - Atmospheres, Composition
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 9193953; Lebonnois, S.ébastien 1; Email Address: sllmd@lmd.jussieu.fr Bakes, E.L.O. 2 McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire Météorologie Dynamique, UPMC Jussieu, Box 99, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 161 Issue 2, p474; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00039-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
T1  - Nitrogen broadening and shift coefficients in the 4.2–4.5-<f>μ</f>m bands of <f>CO2</f>
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 289
SN  - 00224073
AB  - In this study we report the first high-resolution measurements of pressure broadening and pressure-induced shift coefficients due to nitrogen for rovibrational transitions in the <f>ν3</f> band of <f>13C16O2</f>. <f>N2</f> broadening and shift coefficients of <f>ν312C16O2</f> transitions were also measured. In addition, nitrogen-broadening coefficients for many transitions in the <f>ν3+ν2−ν2</f> hot band of <f>13C16O2</f> as well as the <f>ν3</f> band of <f>13C16O18O</f> were also determined. The results were obtained by analyzing five high-resolution (<f>0.0028 cm−1</f>) room temperature laboratory absorption spectra with a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares spectral fitting technique. The data were recorded with the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak using a <f>4.08 cm</f> sample cell, total pressures up to <f>470 Torr</f>, and a 90% <f>13C</f>-enriched <f>CO2</f> sample. For the pressure-broadened spectra the <f>13C16O2</f> volume-mixing ratios <f>were&les;0.5%</f>. Similar to broadening coefficients, the measured pressure shift coefficients were also found to be transition dependent. However, the shift coefficients were different in the P and R branch lines with the same rotational quantum number, <f>J</f>. The measured nitrogen-broadening coefficients range from 0.0960 to <f>0.0643 cm−1 atm−1</f> at <f>296 K</f>. The measured shift coefficients were all negative and varied between 0 and <f>−0.0036 cm−1 atm−1</f>. The results obtained are compared with other values reported in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - <f>CO2</f>
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Spectral lineshape
N1  - Accession Number: 7786502; Devi, V. Malathy 1; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 1 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Rinsland, C.P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 76 Issue 3/4, p289; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: <f>CO2</f>; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral lineshape; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Dulick, Michael
T1  - Absolute intensity measurements of the <f>12C16O2</f> laser bands near <f>10 μm</f>
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Line intensities of the two <f>12C16O2</f> laser bands (<f>ν3</f>–<f>ν1</f> and <f>ν3</f>–<f>2ν20</f>) centered near 960.9 and <f>1063.7 cm−1</f>, respectively, were obtained from analysis of 30 room temperature long path laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.0028 and <f>0.0053 cm−1</f> resolution with the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer at the National Solar Observatory (located on Kitt Peak). The spectra were analyzed simultaneously with the multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting procedure. The measured line intensities were further analyzed to derive the vibrational band intensities and Herman–Wallis coefficients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - <f>CO2</f>
KW  - <f>CO2</f> laser bands
KW  - Absolute intensity
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 7786508; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Brown, Linda R. 3 Dulick, Michael 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: National Optical Astronomy Observatories, National Solar Observatory, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726-6732, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 76 Issue 3/4, p393; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: <f>CO2</f>; Author-Supplied Keyword: <f>CO2</f> laser bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absolute intensity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Dulick, Michael
T1  - Multispectrum analysis of pressure broadening and pressure shift coefficients in the <f>12C16O2</f> and <f>13C16O2</f> laser bands
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 411
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Extensive high-resolution experimental determination is provided for air- and <f>N2</f>-broadening and pressure shift coefficients for the two <f>13C16O2</f> laser bands (located at 913.4 and <f>1017.6 cm−1</f>, respectively), in addition to new measurements of self-broadening and self-shift coefficients for the <f>12C16O2</f> laser bands. These parameters were determined from analysis of spectra recorded with the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona. We used a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique to analyze 30 long path, room temperature absorption spectra. By combining the spectra of <f>12CO2</f> and <f>13CO2</f> in the same fit we were able to obtain a consistent set of line parameters for both molecules. The results obtained for the <f>12CO2</f> and <f>13CO2</f> laser bands were compared with each other, with values in the HITRAN database, and with values reported in the literature for <f>CO2</f> bands. Comparisons revealed no significant differences in the broadening or shift coefficients between the two laser bands. The coefficients determined for the two isotopomers agreed closely. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - <f>CO2</f>
KW  - <f>CO2</f> isotopomers
KW  - <f>CO2</f> laser bands
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Spectral line shape
N1  - Accession Number: 7786509; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, Mary Ann H. 2 Brown, Linda R. 3 Dulick, Michael 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: National Optical Astronomy Observatories, National Solar Observatory, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726-6732, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 76 Issue 3/4, p411; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: <f>CO2</f>; Author-Supplied Keyword: <f>CO2</f> isotopomers; Author-Supplied Keyword: <f>CO2</f> laser bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral line shape; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elmustafa, A.A.
AU  - Stone, D.S.
T1  - Nanoindentation and the indentation size effect: Kinetics of deformation and strain gradient plasticity
JO  - Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids
JF  - Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 357
SN  - 00225096
AB  - A study of the indentation size effect (ISE) in aluminum and alpha brass is presented. The study employs rate effects to examine the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the ISE. These rate effects are characterized in terms of the rate sensitivity of the hardness, <f>∂H/∂ ln &epsiv;˙eff</f>, where <f>H</f> is the hardness and <f>&epsiv;˙eff</f> is an effective strain rate in the plastic volume beneath the indenter. <f>∂H/∂ ln &epsiv;˙eff</f> can be measured using indentation creep, load relaxation, or rate change experiments. The activation volume <f>V&ast;</f>, calculated based on <f>∂H/∂ ln &epsiv;˙eff</f> which can traditionally be used to compare rate sensitivity data from a hardness test to conventional uniaxial testing, is calculated. Using materials with different stacking fault energy and specimens with different levels of work hardening, we demonstrate how increasing the dislocation density affects <f>V&ast;</f>; these effects may be taken as a kinetic signature of dislocation strengthening mechanisms. We noticed both <f>H</f> and <f>∂H/∂ ln &epsiv;˙eff(V&ast;)</f> exhibit an ISE. The course of <f>V&ast;</f> vs. <f>H</f> as a result of the ISE is consistent with the course of testing specimens with different level of work hardening. This result was observed in both materials. This suggests that a dislocation mechanism is responsible for the ISE. When the results are fitted to a strain gradient plasticity model, the data at deep indents (microhardness and large nanoindentation) exhibit a straight-line behavior closely identical to literature data. However, for shallow indents (nanoindentation data), the slope of the line severely changes, decreasing by a factor of 10, resulting in a “bilinear behavior”. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in metals
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - HARDNESS -- Testing
KW  - Activation volume
KW  - Alpha brass
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Geometrically necessary dislocations
KW  - Indentation creep
KW  - Indentation size effect
KW  - Nanoindentation
KW  - Strain gradient plasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 8547441; Elmustafa, A.A. 1; Email Address: a.a.elmustafa@larc.nasa.gov Stone, D.S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, CONITS, Center for Advanced Computational Technology UVA, Mail Stop, 142, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA  2: Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p357; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: HARDNESS -- Testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alpha brass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometrically necessary dislocations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indentation creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indentation size effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoindentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain gradient plasticity; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shan, Hongzhang
AU  - Singh, Jaswinder P.
AU  - Oliker, Leonid
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
T1  - Message passing and shared address space parallelism on an SMP cluster
JO  - Parallel Computing
JF  - Parallel Computing
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
SN  - 01678191
AB  - Currently, message passing (MP) and shared address space (SAS) are the two leading parallel programming paradigms. MP has been standardized with MPI, and is the more common and mature approach; however, code development can be extremely difficult, especially for irregularly structured computations. SAS offers substantial ease of programming, but may suffer from performance limitations due to poor spatial locality and high protocol overhead. In this paper, we compare the performance of and the programming effort required for six applications under both programming models on a 32-processor PC-SMP cluster, a platform that is becoming increasingly attractive for high-end scientific computing. Our application suite consists of codes that typically do not exhibit scalable performance under shared-memory programming due to their high communication-to-computation ratios and/or complex communication patterns. Results indicate that SAS can achieve about half the parallel efficiency of MPI for most of our applications, while being competitive for the others. A hybrid <f>MPI+SAS</f> strategy shows only a small performance advantage over pure MPI in some cases. Finally, improved implementations of two MPI collective operations on PC-SMP clusters are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Parallel Computing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARALLEL programming (Computer science)
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - Benchmark applications
KW  - Distributed shared memory
KW  - Message passing
KW  - Parallel performance
KW  - PC cluster
N1  - Accession Number: 8902415; Shan, Hongzhang 1; Email Address: hshan@lbl.gov Singh, Jaswinder P. 2; Email Address: jps@cs.princeton.edu Oliker, Leonid 1; Email Address: loliker@lbl.gov Biswas, Rupak 3; Email Address: rbiswas@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  3: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27A-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p167; Subject Term: PARALLEL programming (Computer science); Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benchmark applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed shared memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Message passing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: PC cluster; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brentner, Kenneth S.
AU  - Farassat, F.
T1  - Modeling aerodynamically generated sound of helicopter rotors
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 39
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 83
SN  - 03760421
AB  - A great deal of progress has been made in the modeling of aerodynamically generated sound of rotors over the past decade. Although the modeling effort has focused on helicopter main rotors, the theory is generally valid for a wide range of rotor configurations. The Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) equation has been the foundation for much of the development. The monopole and dipole source terms of the FW–H equation account for the thickness and loading noise, respectively. Blade–vortex-interaction noise and broadband noise are important types of loading noise, hence much research has been directed toward the accurate modeling of these noise mechanisms. Both subsonic and supersonic quadrupole noise formulations have been developed for the prediction of high-speed impulsive noise. In an effort to eliminate the need to compute the quadrupole contribution, the FW–H equation has also been utilized on permeable surfaces surrounding all physical noise sources. Comparisons of the Kirchhoff formulation for moving surfaces with the FW–H equation have shown that the Kirchhoff formulation for moving surfaces can give erroneous results for aeroacoustic problems. Finally, significant progress has been made incorporating the rotor noise models into full vehicle noise prediction tools. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - MAGNETIC monopoles
KW  - MAGNETIC dipoles
N1  - Accession Number: 9230873; Brentner, Kenneth S. 1; Email Address: ksbrentner@psu.edu Farassat, F. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 39 Issue 2/3, p83; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: MAGNETIC monopoles; Subject Term: MAGNETIC dipoles; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0376-0421(02)00068-4
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Miyoshi, Dr. Kazuhisa
T1  - Fretting fatigue and wear: Guest Editors: Kazuhisa Miyoshi, Bradley A. Lerch, and Susan L. Draper, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio
JO  - Tribology International
JF  - Tribology International
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 69
SN  - 0301679X
N1  - Accession Number: 8575609; Miyoshi, Dr. Kazuhisa 1; Email Address: kazuhisa.miyoshi@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 106-5, 44135-3191, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p69; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miyoshi, Kazuhisa
AU  - Lerch, Bradley A.
AU  - Draper, Susan L.
T1  - Fretting wear of Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb
JO  - Tribology International
JF  - Tribology International
Y1  - 2003/02//
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 145
SN  - 0301679X
AB  - An investigation was conducted to examine the wear behavior of gamma titanium aluminide (Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb in atomic percent) in contact with a typical nickel-base superalloy under repeated microscopic vibratory motion in air at temperatures from 296–823 K. The surface damage observed on the interacting surfaces of both Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb and superalloy consisted of fracture pits, oxides, metallic debris, scratches, craters, plastic deformation, and cracks. The Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb transferred to the superalloy at all fretting conditions and caused scuffing or galling. The increasing rate of oxidation at elevated temperatures led to a drop in Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb wear at 473 K. Mild oxidative wear was observed at 473 K. However, fretting wear increased as the temperature was increased from 473–823 K. At 723 and 823 K, oxide disruption generated cracks, loose wear debris, and pits on the Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb wear surface. Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb wear generally decreased with increasing fretting frequency. Both increasing slip amplitude and increasing load tended to produce more metallic wear debris, causing severe abrasive wear in the contacting metals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tribology International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - HONEYCOMB weathering
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Fretting wear
KW  - High temperature
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl)
N1  - Accession Number: 8575617; Miyoshi, Kazuhisa; Email Address: miyoshi@grc.nasa.gov Lerch, Bradley A. 1 Draper, Susan L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p145; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: HONEYCOMB weathering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fretting wear; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium aluminide (γ-TiAl); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sjögreen, B.
AU  - Yee, H.C.
T1  - Grid convergence of high order methods for multiscale complex unsteady viscous compressible flows
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2003/02/10/
VL  - 185
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Grid convergence of several high order methods for the computation of rapidly developing complex unsteady viscous compressible flows with a wide range of physical scales is studied. The recently developed adaptive numerical dissipation control high order methods referred to as the ACM and wavelet filter schemes are compared with a fifth-order weighted ENO (WENO) scheme. The two 2-D compressible full Navier–Stokes models considered do not possess known analytical and experimental data. Fine grid solutions from a standard second-order TVD scheme and a MUSCL scheme with limiters are used as reference solutions. The first model is a 2-D viscous analog of a shock tube problem which involves complex shock/shear/boundary-layer interactions. The second model is a supersonic reactive flow concerning fuel breakup. The fuel mixing involves circular hydrogen bubbles in air interacting with a planar moving shock wave. Both models contain fine scale structures and are stiff in the sense that even though the unsteadiness of the flows are rapidly developing, extreme grid refinement and time step restrictions are needed to resolve all the flow scales as well as the chemical reaction scales. Our computations were all made on uniform grids, and our conclusions cannot be directly carried over to, for example, curvilinear grids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 9101260; Sjögreen, B. 1; Email Address: bjorns@nada.kth.se Yee, H.C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Sciences, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 185 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frankland, S.J.V.
AU  - Harik, V.M.
T1  - Analysis of carbon nanotube pull-out from a polymer matrix
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2003/02/10/
VL  - 525
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - L103
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Molecular dynamics simulations of carbon nanotube (NT) pull-out from a polymer matrix are carried out. As the NT pull-out develops, variations in the displacement and velocities of the NT are monitored. The existence of a carbon-ring-based period in NT sliding during pull-out is identified. Linear trends in the NT velocity–force relation are observed and used to estimate an effective viscosity coefficient for interfacial sliding at the NT/polymer interface. As a result, the entire process of NT pull-out is characterized by an interfacial friction model that is based on a critical pull-out force, and an analog of Newton’s friction law used to describe the NT/polymer interfacial sliding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - CARBON
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Friction
KW  - Interface states
KW  - Molecular dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 9010283; Frankland, S.J.V. 1; Email Address: s.j.frankland@larc.nasa.gov Harik, V.M.; Email Address: v.m.harik@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ICASE, MS 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 525 Issue 1-3, pL103; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: CARBON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Friction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interface states; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Celsian formation in fiber-reinforced barium aluminosilicate glass–ceramic matrix composites
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2003/02/15/
VL  - 342
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Hot pressing of barium aluminosilcate (BAS) glass or its composites reinforced with large diameter Textron chemical vapor deposited (CVD) silicon carbide SCS-6 monofilaments or small diameter multifilament Nicalon or Hi-Nicalon fibers resulted in the crystallization of both hexacelsian and monoclinic celsian phases. Effects of additions of monoclinic celsian seeds and strontium aluminosilicate (SAS) glass on crystal phase formation during hot pressing has been investigated. On doping BAS with 5 wt.% monoclinic celsian seeds or 10 wt.% SAS, only the celsian phase was formed in hot pressed monolithic specimens. However, in fiber-reinforced composites hot pressed under similar conditions, a small concentration of hexacelsian was still present as hexacelsian nucleates preferentially on surfaces and the presence of fibers provides a large surface area. When the additive concentration was increased to 10 wt.% celsian seeds or 20 wt.% SAS, celsian was the only phase detected from X-ray diffraction, with complete elimination of hexacelsian, in the hot pressed composites reinforced with large or small diameter SiC fibers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BARIUM
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - Celsian
KW  - Composite
KW  - Hexacelsian
N1  - Accession Number: 8571132; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: narottam.p.bansal@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Feb2003, Vol. 342 Issue 1/2, p23; Subject Term: BARIUM; Subject Term: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celsian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hexacelsian; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tavana, Madjid
AU  - Ortiz, James N.
AU  - Torney, Susan E.
T1  - Modeling station duty officer operations assistant at Johnson Space Center
JO  - Advances in Engineering Software
JF  - Advances in Engineering Software
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
SN  - 09659978
AB  - The mission operations directorate (MOD) at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) is responsible for the planning and operation of human space flight missions. MOD is being challenged with sustaining and developing new operations capabilities to support increasingly demanding requirements and to improve its processes to accomplish these missions at higher levels of safety, mission success, and effectiveness. Automation is being considered as an enabling technology to meet the aforementioned challenges. The synergistic combination of flight controllers and intelligent software providing the function of ‘operations assistants’ (OA) is being pursued as the key implementation of this technology in the Mission Control Center (MCC).The flight control team (FCT) assesses the condition and operability of the major systems such as electrical power, thermal control, life support, communications, altitude control, and data handling at MCC. OA assist the flight controllers with their tasks of monitoring the status and health of the flight systems. They also help maintain the flight controller''s awareness of the operations being performed during the mission and help assure that operational objectives are being met. The station duty officer (SDO) performs the lead operations role for the International Space Station (ISS) during quiescent times when FCT and the flight director are off-duty. SDOs assess the condition and operability of the major ISS systems. This assessment involves monitoring and controlling several periodic processes on systems such as the electrical power, thermal control, life support, communications, altitude control, and data handling systems. The SDO is also responsible for coordinating operations with the Russian FCT. The OA will help the SDO maintain an awareness of all the processes performed on board and will assist with the responses to anomalous conditions. The OA for this position will support the concept of reduced control center staffing during quiescent times. The purpose of this paper is twofold: (1) to present a unique two-stage specification methodology that combines data flow diagrams and petri nets and (2) to apply the proposed methodology in a complex space station system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Engineering Software is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - HOUSTON (Tex.)
KW  - TEXAS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Automation technology
KW  - Data flow diagrams
KW  - NASA
KW  - Operations assistants
KW  - Petri nets
KW  - Process modeling
KW  - Structures analysis
KW  - Systems development
N1  - Accession Number: 9098461; Tavana, Madjid 1; Email Address: tavana@lasalle.edu Ortiz, James N. 2; Email Address: james.n.ortiz@nasa.gov Torney, Susan E. 3; Email Address: susan.e.torney@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Management, La Salle University, Philadelphia, PA 19141-1199, USA  2: Systems Management Office, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA  3: Advanced Projects and Analysis Office, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p139; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: HOUSTON (Tex.); Subject Term: TEXAS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automation technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data flow diagrams; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operations assistants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Petri nets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Process modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structures analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systems development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Gilat, Amos
T1  - Incorporation of mean stress effects into the micromechanical analysis of the high strain rate response of polymer matrix composites
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 151
SN  - 13598368
AB  - The results presented here are part of an ongoing research program, to develop strain rate dependent deformation and failure models for the analysis of polymer matrix composites subject to high strain rate impact loads. A micromechanics approach is employed in this work, in which state variable constitutive equations originally developed for metals have been modified to model the deformation of the polymer matrix, and a strength of materials based micromechanics method is used to predict the effective response of the composite. In the analysis of the inelastic deformation of the polymer matrix, the definitions of the effective stress and effective inelastic strain have been modified in order to account for the effect of hydrostatic stresses, which are significant in polymers. Two representative polymers, a toughened epoxy and a brittle epoxy, are characterized through the use of data from tensile and shear tests across a variety of strain rates. Results computed by using the developed constitutive equations correlate well with data generated via experiments. The procedure used to incorporate the constitutive equations within a micromechanics method is presented, and sample calculations of the deformation response of a composite for various fiber orientations and strain rates are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - A. Polymer-matrix composites
KW  - B. Impact behavior
KW  - C. Micromechanics
KW  - D. Mechanical testing
N1  - Accession Number: 9051237; Goldberg, Robert K. 1; Email Address: robert.k.goldberg@grc.nasa.gov Roberts, Gary D. 1 Gilat, Amos 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 206W, 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p151; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer-matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Impact behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Mechanical testing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - French, Richard G.
AU  - McGhee, Colleen A.
AU  - Dones, Luke
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Saturn’s wayward shepherds: the peregrinations of Prometheus and Pandora
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 162
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Saturn’s narrow F ring is flanked by two nearby small satellites, Prometheus and Pandora, discovered in Voyager images taken in 1980 and 1981 , Icarus 53, 156–158). Observations with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) during the ring plane crossings (RPX) of 1995 led to the unexpected finding that Prometheus was ∼19° behind its predicted orbital longitude, based on the  Voyager ephemeris  Science 272, 518–521; , Science 272, 509–515). Whereas Pandora was at its predicted location in August 1995, , Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University) found from the May and November 1995 RPX data that Pandora also deviates from the  Voyager ephemeris. Using archival HST data from 1994, previously unexamined RPX images, and a large series of targeted WFPC2 observations between 1996 and 2002, we have determined highly accurate sky-plane positions for Prometheus, Pandora, and nine other satellites found in our images. We compare the Prometheus and Pandora measurements to the predictions of substantially revised and improved ephemerides for the two satellites based on an extensive analysis of a large set of Voyager images , Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 32, 1090;  Ph.D. thesis, Queen Mary College). From December 1994 to December 2000, Prometheus’ orbital longitude lag was changing by −0.71° year−1 relative to the new Voyager ephemeris. In contrast, Pandora is ahead of the revised Voyager prediction. From 1994 to 2000, its longitude offset changed by +0.44° year−1, showing in addition an ∼585 day oscillatory component with amplitude ΔλCR0 = 0.65 ± 0.07° whose phase matches the expected perturbation due to the nearby 3:2 corotation resonance with Mimas, modulated by the 71-year libration in the longitude of Mimas due to its 4:2 resonance with Tethys. We determine orbital elements for freely precessing equatorial orbits from fits to the 1994–2000 HST observations, from which we conclude that Prometheus’ semimajor axis was 0.31 km larger, and Pandora’s was 0.20 km smaller, than during the Voyager epoch. Subsequent observations in 2001–2002 reveal a new twist in the meanderings of these satellites: Prometheus’ mean motion changed suddenly by an additional −0.77° year−1, equivalent to a further increase in semimajor axis of 0.33 km, at the same time that Pandora’s mean motion changed by +0.92° year−1, corresponding to a change of −0.42 km in its semimajor axis. There is an apparent anticorrelation of the motions of these two moons seen in the 2001–2002 observations, as well as over the 20-year interval since the Voyager epoch. This suggests a common origin for their wanderings, perhaps through direct exchange of energy between the satellites as the result of resonances, possibly involving the F ring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Resonances
KW  - Satellites of Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 9233440; French, Richard G. 1; Email Address: rfrench@wellesley.edu McGhee, Colleen A. 1 Dones, Luke 2 Lissauer, Jack J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA  2: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 162 Issue 1, p144; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Saturn; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(02)00050-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Botella, Olivier
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - B-spline Methods in Fluid Dynamics.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
SN  - 10618562
AB  - Basis splines (B-splines) are basis functions for piecewise polynomials having a high level of derivative continuity. They possess attractive properties for complex flow simulations: they have compact support, provide a straightforward handling of boundary conditions and grid nonuniformities, yield numerical schemes with high resolving power, and the order of accuracy is a mere input parameter. This paper reviews progress made in the development and application of B-spline numerical methods to computational fluid dynamics. Basic approximation properties of B-spline schemes are discussed, and their relationship with conventional numerical methods is reviewed. Some fundamental developments towards spline methods in complex geometries are covered. These include local interpolation methods, fast solution algorithms on Cartesian grids, block-structured discretization and compatible pressure bases for the Navier-Stokes equations. Finally, application of some of these techniques to the computation of viscous incompressible flows is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPLINE theory
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - B-splines
KW  - Block-structured grids
KW  - Fast solvers
KW  - Galerkin and collocation methods
KW  - Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations
KW  - Mass matrix
N1  - Accession Number: 10726642; Botella, Olivier 1 Shariff, Karim 2; Email Address: shariff@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University  2: NASA-AMes Research Center, California; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p133; Subject Term: SPLINE theory; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: B-splines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Block-structured grids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fast solvers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galerkin and collocation methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Incompressible Navier-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass matrix; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy
AU  - Pai, Shantaram S.
AU  - Rusick, Jeffrey J.
T1  - Probabilistic study of fluid structure interaction
JO  - International Journal of Engineering Science
JF  - International Journal of Engineering Science
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 41
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
SN  - 00207225
AB  - A combustor liner was computationally simulated and probabilistically evaluated in view of the several uncertainties in the aerodynamic, structural, material and thermal variables that govern the combustor liner. The interconnection between the computational fluid dynamics code and the finite element structural analysis codes was necessary to couple the thermal profiles with structural design. The stresses and their variations were evaluated at critical points on the liner. Cumulative distribution functions and sensitivity factors were computed for stress responses due to the aerodynamic, mechanical and thermal random variables. It was observed that the inlet and exit temperatures have a lot of influence on the hoop stress. For prescribed values of inlet and exit temperatures, the Reynolds number of the flow, coefficient of thermal expansion, gas emissivity and absorptivity and thermal conductivity of the material have about the same impact on the hoop stress. These results can be used to quickly identify the most critical design variables in order to optimize the design and make it cost effective. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PROBABILITY measures
KW  - LATTICE theory
KW  - Combustor liner
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Fluid structure interaction
KW  - Probabilistic evaluation
KW  - Structural analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 8793424; Gorla, Rama Subba Reddy 1; Email Address: r.gorla@csuohio.edu Pai, Shantaram S. 2 Rusick, Jeffrey J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Euclid Avenue at East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 41 Issue 3-5, p271; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PROBABILITY measures; Subject Term: LATTICE theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustor liner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid structure interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural analysis; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sierhuis, Maarten
AU  - Clancey, William J.
AU  - Chin Seah
AU  - Trimble, Jay P.
AU  - Sims, Michael H.
T1  - Modeling and Simulation for Mission Operations Work System Design.
JO  - Journal of Management Information Systems
JF  - Journal of Management Information Systems
Y1  - 2003///Spring2003
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
EP  - 128
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 07421222
AB  - Work system analysis and design is complex and nondeterministic. In this paper we describe Brahms, a multiagent modeling and simulation environment for designing complex interactions in human-machine systems. Brahms was originally conceived as a business process design tool that simulates work practices, including social systems of work. We describe our modeling and simulation method for mission operations work systems design, based on a research case study in which we used Brahms to design mission operations for a proposed discovery mission to the Moon. We then describe the results of an actual method application project--the Brahms Mars Exploration Rover. Space mission operations are similar to operations of traditional organizations; we show that the application of Brahms for space mission operations design is relevant and transferable to other types of business processes in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Management Information Systems is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WORK design
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems
KW  - REENGINEERING (Management)
KW  - PRODUCTION management (Manufacturing)
KW  - MANAGEMENT information systems
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL behavior
KW  - MANAGEMENT science
KW  - GROUP decision making
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL aims & objectives
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - agent languages
KW  - Business Process Modeling
KW  - mission operations design
KW  - Multiagent simulation
KW  - WORK PRACTICES
N1  - Accession Number: 9460857; Sierhuis, Maarten 1; Clancey, William J. 2,3; Chin Seah 4; Trimble, Jay P. 5; Sims, Michael H.; Affiliations: 1: senior research scientist, Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Universities Space Research Association, Ames Research Center; 2: Senior research scientist, Institute for Human & Machine Cognition, University of West Florida, Pensacola; 3: Chief scientist for human-centered computing, Computational Sciences Division, Ames Research Center; 4: Computer scientist, Science Applications International Corporation; 5: Computer scientist, Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Spring2003, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p85; Thesaurus Term: WORK design; Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Thesaurus Term: HUMAN-machine systems; Thesaurus Term: REENGINEERING (Management); Thesaurus Term: PRODUCTION management (Manufacturing); Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT information systems; Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL behavior; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT science; Thesaurus Term: GROUP decision making; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL aims & objectives; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Author-Supplied Keyword: agent languages; Author-Supplied Keyword: Business Process Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: mission operations design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiagent simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: WORK PRACTICES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 11 Black and White Photographs, 14 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MICKENS, T.
AU  - SCHULZ, M.
AU  - SUNDARESAN, M.
AU  - GHOSHAL, A.
AU  - NASER, A. S.
AU  - REICHMEIDER, R.
T1  - STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITORING OF AN AIRCRAFT JOINT
JO  - Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing
JF  - Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 285
SN  - 08883270
AB  - A major concern with ageing aircraft is the deterioration of structural components in the form of fatigue cracks at fastener holes, loose rivets and debonding of joints. These faults in conjunction with corrosion can lead to multiple-site damage and pose a hazard to flight. Developing a simple vibration-based method of damage detection for monitoring ageing structures is considered in this paper. The method is intended to detect damage during operation of the vehicle before the damage can propagate and cause catastrophic failure of aircraft components. It is typical that only a limited number of sensors could be used on the structure and damage can occur anywhere on the surface or inside the structure. The research performed was to investigate use of the chirp vibration responses of an aircraft wing tip to detect, locate and approximately quantify damage. The technique uses four piezoelectric patches alternatively as actuators and sensors to send and receive vibration diagnostic signals.Loosening of selected screws simulated damage to the wing tip. The results obtained from the testing led to the concept of a sensor tape to detect damage at joints in an aircraft structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 9344325; MICKENS, T. 1 SCHULZ, M. 1 SUNDARESAN, M. 1 GHOSHAL, A. 1 NASER, A. S. 2 REICHMEIDER, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Intelligent Structures and Mechanisms Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411, U.S.A<fn id="f1"><no>f1</no>E-mail: schulz@ncat.edu</fn>  2: Lockheed Martin, C/O NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 303, Hampton, VA, 23681-0001, U.S.A.  3: National Instruments, Raleigh, NC, 27609, U.S.A.; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p285; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1006/mssp.2001.1425
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, Richard E.
T1  - The Galileo probe: how it has changed our understanding of Jupiter
JO  - New Astronomy Reviews
JF  - New Astronomy Reviews
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 13876473
AB  - The Galileo Mission to Jupiter, which arrived in December 1995, provided the first study by an orbiter, and the first in-situ sampling via an entry probe, of an outer planet atmosphere. The rationale for an entry probe is that, even from an orbiter, remote sensing of the Jovian atmosphere could not adequately retrieve the information desired. This paper provides a current summary of the most significant aspects of the data returned from the Galileo entry probe. As a result of the probe measurements, there has been a reassessment of our understanding of outer planet formation and evolution of the solar system. The primary scientific objective of the Galileo probe was to determine the composition of the Jovian atmosphere, which from remote sensing remained either very uncertain, or completely unknown, with respect to several key elements. The probe found that the global He mass fraction is significantly above the value reported from the Voyager Jupiter flybys but is slightly below the protosolar value, implying that there has been some settling of He to the deep Jovian interior. The probe He measurements have also led to a reevaluation of the Voyager He mass fraction for Saturn, which is now determined to be much closer to that of Jupiter. The elements C, N, S, Ar, Kr, Xe were all found to have global abundances approximately three times their respective solar abundances. This result has raised a number of fundamental issues with regard to properties of planetesimals and the solar nebula at the time of giant planet formation. Ne, on the other hand, was found to be highly depleted, probably as a result of it being carried along with helium as helium settles towards the deep interior. The global abundance of O was not obtained by the probe because of the influence of local processes at the probe entry site (PES), processes which depleted condensible species, in this case H2O, well below condensation levels. Other condensible species, namely NH3 and H2S, were similarly affected but attained their deep equilibrium mixing ratios before the maximum depth sampled by the probe. Processes that might be capable of producing such effects on the condensibles are still under investigation. Measured isotopic ratios of noble gases and other heavy elements are solar, and (D+3He)/H is the same to within measurement uncertainties as in the local interstellar medium. No thick clouds were detected, and in particular no significant water cloud, but the PES location clearly affected the probe measurements of clouds. In fact, the probe data must be understood in the context of the location of the PES, which was within what is termed a 5 micron hot spot, a local clearing in the clouds that is bright near the 5 μm spectral region. The thermal structure at the PES was determined from approximately 1000 km above the 1 bar pressure level (10−9 bars) to 132 km below 1 bar (22 bars). The probe showed the atmosphere to have a generally sub-adiabatic temperature gradient (static stability) of &ap;0.1 K km−1 to as deep as the probe made measurements. In the upper atmosphere the probe derived a maximum positive vertical temperature gradient of approximately 5 K km−1, and maximum temperature of &ap;900 K. The energy sources producing the warm upper atmosphere have yet to be completely identified. At first glance, Doppler tracking of the probe indicates that the long observed cloud level zonal winds extend to levels at least as deep as the probe made measurements. Zonal wind increases from &ap;80 m s−1 at pressures less than a bar to about 180 m s−1 near 5 bars, and remains approximately constant with depth thereafter. However, there is a question as to whether the winds measured from probe tracking are representative of the general wind field, or are considerably influenced by localized winds associated with the PES. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of New Astronomy Reviews is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Planets: probes
N1  - Accession Number: 9193617; Young, Richard E. 1; Email Address: richard.e.young@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planets: probes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 51p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1387-6473(02)00272-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zent, A.P.
AU  - Quinn, R.C.
AU  - Grunthaner, F.J.
AU  - Hecht, M.H.
AU  - Buehler, M.G.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Ricco, A.J.
T1  - Mars atmospheric oxidant sensor (MAOS): an in-situ heterogeneous chemistry analysis
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
SN  - 00320633
AB  - We describe a chemometric array sensor, the Mars atmospheric oxidant sensor (MAOS, pronounced “mouse”) that is designed to measure the oxidation rate of thin films on the martian surface. We select films that are sensitive to particular types of oxidants, that represent key elements in the martian soil, or that emulate prebiotic materials. Concern that naturally arising martian oxidants may have destroyed evidence of ancient life on Mars was raised by the Viking mission in the 1970s. The possibility that oxidants may limit the viability of biological habitats is particularly timely in the light of recent suggestions of contemporary flowing water on Mars. By controlling the temperature of the films, as well as their exposure to dust and ultraviolet light, MAOS will discriminate among leading hypotheses for oxidant production. MAOS weighs <f>55 g</f>, fits in a <f>6×7×2 cm3</f> envelope, and used <f>250 mW</f> power. Much of the enabling technology was developed for the MOx experiment, lost on the Russian Mars ’96 mission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - Mars
KW  - Oxidant
KW  - Peroxide
KW  - Sensor
N1  - Accession Number: 9340253; Zent, A.P. 1; Email Address: azent@mail.arc.nasa.gov Quinn, R.C. 2 Grunthaner, F.J. 3 Hecht, M.H. 3 Buehler, M.G. 3 McKay, C.P. 1 Ricco, A.J. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: ACLARA Biosciences, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p167; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0032-0633(02)00204-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Demarco, Gustavo
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Growth of Pt/Cu(<f>1 0 0</f>): an atomistic modeling comparison with the Pd/Cu(<f>1 0 0</f>) surface alloy
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2003/03//
VL  - 526
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 309
SN  - 00396028
AB  - The BFS method for alloys is applied to the study of Pt deposition on Cu(1 0 0). The formation of a Cu–Pt surface alloy is discussed within the framework of previous results for Pd/Cu(1 0 0). In spite of the fact that both Pd and Pt share the same basic behavior when deposited on Cu, it is seen that subtle differences become responsible for the differences in growth observed at higher coverages. In agreement with experiment, all the main features of Pt/Cu(1 0 0) and Pd/Cu(1 0 0) are obtained by means of a simple modeling scheme, and explained in terms of a few basic ingredients that emerge from the BFS analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Adatoms
KW  - Alloys
KW  - and topography
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Copper
KW  - morphology
KW  - Palladium
KW  - Platinum
KW  - roughness
KW  - Semi-empirical models and model calculations
KW  - Surface structure
N1  - Accession Number: 9099268; Demarco, Gustavo 1 Garcés, Jorge E. 1,2 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2,3; Email Address: guillermo.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Centro Atómico Bariloche, Bariloche 8400, Argentina  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 526 Issue 3, p309; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: and topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Platinum; Author-Supplied Keyword: roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical models and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0039-6028(02)02677-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Song, Kyo D.
AU  - Yi, Won J.
AU  - Sang-Hyon Chu
AU  - Choi, Sang H.
T1  - Microwave-driven thunder materials.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2003/03/05/
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 331
EP  - 333
SN  - 08952477
AB  - An experimental study of a smart-materials actuator driven by a microwave is presented in this paper. A proof-of-concept experiment using a smart material, such as thin layer composite unimorph ferroelectric driver and sensor (THUNDER), has been demonstrated with wirelessly transmitted microwave power. Such an advance system will offer a new class of smart devices that are remotely controlled via wirelessly transmitted power. Thus, a system of this nature autonomously functions without an onboard power infrastructure. Potential applications are integrated sensors, actuators, and smart flight control in space applications, as well as biologically-inspired systems. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 36: 331–333, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10757 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - microwave control
KW  - PAD
KW  - rectenna
KW  - smart materials
KW  - THUNDER
N1  - Accession Number: 13510854; Song, Kyo D. 1 Yi, Won J. 2 Sang-Hyon Chu 2 Choi, Sang H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering, Center for Material Research, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504  2: ICASE  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 3/5/2003, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p331; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave control; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAD; Author-Supplied Keyword: rectenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: smart materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: THUNDER; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.10757
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banger, Kulbinder K.
AU  - Duraj, Stan A.
AU  - Fanwick, Philip E.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
AU  - Martuch, Robert A.
T1  - Synthesis, and Structural Characterization of [{CH 3 (C 5 H 4 N)}Ga(SCH 2 (CO)O) 2 ] - [(4-MepyH)] + , A Novel Ga(III) Five-Coordinate Complex.
JO  - Journal of Coordination Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Coordination Chemistry
Y1  - 2003/03/10/
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 307
EP  - 312
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00958972
AB  - The synthesis and structural characterization of a novel ionic Ga(III) five-coordinate complex [{CH 3 (C 5 H 4 N)}Ga(SCH 2 (CO)O) 2 ] - [(4-MepyH)] + , (4-Mepy = CH 3 (C 5 H 5 N)) from the reaction between Ga 2 Cl 4 with sodium mercapto-acetic acid in 4-methylpyridine is described. Under basic reaction conditions the mercapto ligand is found to behave as a 2e - bidentate ligand. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies show the complex to have a distorted square-pyramidal geometry with the [( - SCH 2 (CO)CO - )] ligands trans . The compound crystallizes in the P2 1 /c (No. 14) space group with a = 7.7413(6) Å, b = 16.744(2) Å, c = 14.459(2) Å, V = 1987.1(6) Å 3 , R ( F o ) = 0.032 and R W = 0.038. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coordination Chemistry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALLIUM compounds
KW  - COMPLEX compounds
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - ACETIC acid
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - LIGANDS
N1  - Accession Number: 10726994; Banger, Kulbinder K. Duraj, Stan A. 1 Fanwick, Philip E. 2 Hepp, Aloysius F. 3 Martuch, Robert A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State Univeristy, Cleveland, OH, 44115, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, (NASA), Glenn Research Center, MS 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2003, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p307; Subject Term: GALLIUM compounds; Subject Term: COMPLEX compounds; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: ACETIC acid; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: LIGANDS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
AU  - Humphreys Jr., William M.
T1  - Flap-edge aeroacoustic measurements and predictions
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2003/03/13/
VL  - 261
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - An aeroacoustic model test has been conducted to investigate the mechanisms of sound generation on high-lift wing configurations. This paper presents an analysis of flap side-edge noise, which is often the most dominant source. A model of a main element wing section with a half-span flap was tested at low speeds of up to a Mach number of 0.17, corresponding to a wing chord Reynolds number of approximately 1.7 million. Results are presented for flat (or blunt), flanged, and round flap-edge geometries, with and without boundary-layer tripping, deployed at both moderate and high flap angles. The acoustic database is obtained from a small aperture directional array (SADA) of microphones, which was constructed to electronically steer to different regions of the model and to obtain farfield noise spectra and directivity from these regions. The basic flap-edge aerodynamics is established by static surface pressure data, as well as by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations and simplified edge flow analyses. Distributions of unsteady pressure sensors over the flap allow the noise source regions to be defined and quantified via cross-spectral diagnostics using the SADA output. It is found that shear layer instability and related pressure scatter is the primary noise mechanism. For the flat edge flap, two noise prediction methods based on unsteady-surface-pressure measurements are evaluated and compared to measured noise. One is a new causality spectral approach developed here. The other is a new application of an edge-noise scatter prediction method. The good comparisons for both approaches suggest that the prediction models capture much of the physics. Areas of disagreement appear to reveal when the assumed edge noise mechanism does not fully define the noise production. For the different edge conditions, extensive spectra and directivity are presented. The complexity of the directivity results demonstrate the strong role of edge source geometry and frequency in the noise radiation. Significantly, for each edge configuration, the spectra for different flow speeds, flap angles, and surface roughness were successfully scaled by utilizing aerodynamic performance and boundary-layer scaling methods developed herein. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - HEARING
KW  - MICROPHONE
N1  - Accession Number: 9101407; Brooks, Thomas F.; Email Address: t.f.brooks@larc.nasa.gov Humphreys Jr., William M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 461, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 261 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: HEARING; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-460X(02)00939-2
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Guangwen
AU  - Ikegami, Masiki
AU  - Honma, Senji
AU  - Ikeda, Kouji
AU  - Ma, Xiaoxun
AU  - Nagaishi, Hiroshi
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Struk, Peter M.
T1  - Inverse influence of initial diameter on droplet burning rate in cold and hot ambiences: a thermal action of flame in balance with heat loss
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2003/03/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1155
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Isolated droplet burning were conducted in microgravity ambiences of different temperatures to test the initial diameter influence on droplet burning rate that shows a flame scale effect and represents an overall thermal action of flame in balance with heat loss. The coldest ambience examined was room air, which utilized a heater wire to ignite the droplet. All other ambiences hotter than 633 K were acquired through an electrically heated air chamber in a stainless steel can. An inverse influence of initial droplet diameter on burning rate was demonstrated for the cold and hot ambiences. That is, the burning rate respectively decreased and increased in the former and latter cases with raising the initial droplet diameter. The reversion between the two influences appeared gradual. In the hot ambiences the burning rate increase with increasing the initial droplet diameter was larger at higher temperatures. A “net heat” of flame that denotes the difference between “heat gain” by the droplet and “heat loss” to the flame surrounding was suggested responsible for the results. In low-temperature ambiences there is a negative net heat, and it turns gradually positive as the ambience temperature gets higher and the heat loss becomes less. Relating to luminous flame sizes and soot generation of differently sized droplets clarified that the flame radiation, both non-luminous and luminous, is determinative to the net heat in microgravity conditions. In addition, the work identified two peak values of soot generation during burning, which appeared respectively at the room temperature and at about 1000 K. The increase in ambience temperature made also bigger soot shells. The heat contribution of flame by both radiation and conduction was demonstrated hardly over 40% in the total heat required for droplet vaporization during burning in a hot ambience of 773 K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Flame radiation
KW  - Initial diameter influence
KW  - Microgravity combustion
KW  - Soot
N1  - Accession Number: 8900721; Xu, Guangwen 1 Ikegami, Masiki 1; Email Address: m.ikegami@aist.go.jp Honma, Senji 1 Ikeda, Kouji 1 Ma, Xiaoxun 1 Nagaishi, Hiroshi 1 Dietrich, Daniel L. 2 Struk, Peter M. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: National Center for Microgravity Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p1155; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Initial diameter influence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harris, Jerry D.
AU  - Banger, Kulbinder K.
AU  - Scheiman, David A.
AU  - Smith, Mark A.
AU  - Jin, Michael H.-C.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - Characterization of CuInS2 films prepared by atmospheric pressure spray chemical vapor deposition
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2003/03/15/
VL  - 98
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 150
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Copper indium disulfide films were deposited by atmospheric pressure spray chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Films were deposited at 390 °C using [(PPh3)2CuIn(SEt)4] as a single source precursor in an argon atmosphere. The films range in thickness from 0.75 to 1.0 μm and exhibit a crystallographic gradient, with the leading edge having a (220) preferred orientation and the trailing edge having a (112) orientation. Schottky diodes prepared by thermal evaporation of aluminum contacts onto the CuInS2 yielded diodes for films that were annealed at 600 °C. The photoresponse of several films was measured by photoelectrochemical analysis in an aqueous, acidic electrolyte. Prolonged exposure of the films to the electrolyte caused a decreased photoresponse. Complete solar cells were prepared using annealed films and had the (top down) composition of Al/ZnO/CdS/CuInS2/Mo/Glass. The short-circuit current (Isc), open-circuit voltage (Voc), maximum power output (Pmax), current at Pmax (Imax), voltage at Pmax (Vmax), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (η) were 5.25 mA, 304 mV, 0.470 mW, 2.92 mA, 161 mV, 29.4 and 0.68%, respectively, for a 0.5 cm2 cell under simulated AM0 illumination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - THIN films
KW  - CuInS2
KW  - Photoelectrochemical analysis
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Spray CVD
KW  - Thin film
N1  - Accession Number: 9545062; Harris, Jerry D. 1,2 Banger, Kulbinder K. 2,3 Scheiman, David A. 2,3 Smith, Mark A. 2,3 Jin, Michael H.-C. 2,3 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: a.f.hepp@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: Thin-Film Technology Group, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 98 Issue 2, p150; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: THIN films; Author-Supplied Keyword: CuInS2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoelectrochemical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spray CVD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin film; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0921-5107(03)00041-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atwell, Andrew R.
AU  - Okojie, Robert S.
AU  - Kornegay, Kevin T.
AU  - Roberson, Scott L.
AU  - Beliveau, Alain
T1  - Simulation, fabrication and testing of bulk micromachined 6H-SiC high-g piezoresistive accelerometers
JO  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2003/03/15/
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
SN  - 09244247
AB  - We report the utilization of key design parameters to simulate, batch-fabricate and evaluate first-generation single crystal 6H-SiC piezoresistive accelerometers for extreme impact applications. High-g simulation results predicted safe operation above 100,<F>000×g</F> and preliminary experimental tests were successfully performed to 40,<F>000×g</F>. Sensitivities ranging between 50 and 343 nV/g were measured for differing accelerometer sensing elements. Non-linear behavior was observed over the shock range relative to the commercial benchmark accelerometer. These initial results offer promise for the use of 6H-SiC accelerometers in extreme impact sensing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - ACCELEROMETERS
KW  - Accelerometer
KW  - MEMS
KW  - Piezoresistivity
KW  - Shock testing
KW  - Silicon carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 9098878; Atwell, Andrew R. 1; Email Address: aatwell@ida.org Okojie, Robert S. 1 Kornegay, Kevin T. 2 Roberson, Scott L. 3 Beliveau, Alain 4; Affiliation:  1: Instrumentation Controls Division, NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  3: Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Munitions Directorate, AFRL/MNMF, Fuzes Branch, Eglin AFB, FL 32542, USA  4: Applied Research Associates, 2004 Lewis Turner Blvd., Union Station Suite C, Fort Walton Beach, FL 32547, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 104 Issue 1, p11; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: ACCELEROMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accelerometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoresistivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Clifford, Colin W.G.
AU  - Arnold, Derek H.
AU  - Smith, Stuart T.
AU  - Pianta, Michael
T1  - Opposing views on orthogonal adaptation: a reply to
JO  - Vision Research
JF  - Vision Research
Y1  - 2003/03/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 717
SN  - 00426989
N1  - Accession Number: 9164670; Clifford, Colin W.G. 1 Arnold, Derek H. 2 Smith, Stuart T. 3 Pianta, Michael 4; Affiliation:  1: Visual Perception Unit, School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  2: Department of Psychology, University College, Gower Street London, WC1 6BT UK  3: Vision Laboratory, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000 USA  4: Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania, 51 N, 39th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p717; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/S0042-6989(02)00678-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gargano, Pablo
AU  - Mosca, Hugo
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
T1  - Atomistic modeling of RuAl and (RuNi)Al alloys
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2003/03/17/
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 695
SN  - 13596462
AB  - Atomistic modeling of RuAl and RuAlNi alloys is performed. The BFS method for alloys and its first-principles-based parameters are tested by comparing to the lattice parameter and energy of formation of B2 RuAl and (Ru<f>50−x</f>Ni<f>x</f>)Al50 alloys as a function of Ni concentration. Additional tests include Monte Carlo simulations for compositions close to Ru25Ni25Al50 showing no obvious evidence of a miscibility gap and separation of the individual B2 phases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RUTHENIUM
KW  - INTERMETALLIC compounds
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - Aluminium alloys
KW  - Intermetallic phases
KW  - Modelling
KW  - Monte Carlo techniques
KW  - Ruthenium
N1  - Accession Number: 8996465; Gargano, Pablo 1 Mosca, Hugo 1,2 Bozzolo, Guillermo 3,4; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Noebe, Ronald D. 4; Affiliation:  1: U.A. Materiales, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energıa Atómica, Av. Del Libertador 8250, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina  2: Dto. de Ingenierıa Mecánica y Naval––FIUBA, Paseo Colón 850, 1063 Buenos Aires, Argentina  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 48 Issue 6, p695; Subject Term: RUTHENIUM; Subject Term: INTERMETALLIC compounds; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminium alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermetallic phases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ruthenium; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bartels, Robert E.
T1  - A time integration algorithm based on the state transition matrix for structures with time varying and nonlinear properties
JO  - Computers & Structures
JF  - Computers & Structures
Y1  - 2003/03/31/
VL  - 81
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 349
SN  - 00457949
AB  - A variable order method of integrating the structural dynamics equations that is based on the state transition matrix has been developed. The method has been evaluated for linear time variant and nonlinear systems of equations. When the time variation of the system can be modeled exactly by a polynomial it produces nearly exact solutions for a wide range of time step sizes. Solutions of a model nonlinear dynamic response exhibiting chaotic behavior have been computed. Accuracy of the method has been demonstrated by comparison with solutions obtained by established methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - Chaos
KW  - Computational algorithm
KW  - Linear
KW  - Nonlinear
KW  - State transition matrix
KW  - Structural dynamics
KW  - Time variant
N1  - Accession Number: 9182632; Bartels, Robert E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 340, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2003, Vol. 81 Issue 6, p349; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chaos; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear; Author-Supplied Keyword: State transition matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time variant; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0045-7949(03)00018-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Motoki, M.
AU  - Sanuki, T.
AU  - Orito, S.
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Anraku, K.
AU  - Asaoka, Y.
AU  - Fujikawa, M.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Imori, M.
AU  - Izumi, K.
AU  - Maeno, T.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsui, N.
AU  - Matsumoto, H.
AU  - Matsunaga, H.
AU  - Mitchell, J.
AU  - Mitsui, T.
AU  - Moiseev, A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
T1  - Precise measurements of atmospheric muon fluxes with the BESS spectrometer
JO  - Astroparticle Physics
JF  - Astroparticle Physics
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 113
SN  - 09276505
AB  - The vertical absolute fluxes of atmospheric muons and muon charge ratio have been measured precisely at different geomagnetic locations by using the BESS spectrometer. The observations had been performed at sea level (30 m above sea level) in Tsukuba, Japan, and at 360 m above sea level in Lynn Lake, Canada. The vertical cutoff rigidities in Tsukuba (36.2°N, 140.1°E) and in Lynn Lake (56.5°N, 101.0°W) are 11.4 and 0.4 GV, respectively. We have obtained vertical fluxes of positive and negative muons in a momentum range from 0.6 to 20 GeV/<f>c</f> with systematic errors <f><</f>3% in both measurements. By comparing the data collected at two different geomagnetic latitudes, we have seen an effect of cutoff rigidity. The dependence on the atmospheric pressure and temperature, and the solar modulation effect have been also clearly observed. We also clearly observed the decrease of charge ratio of muons at low momentum side with at higher cutoff rigidity region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MUONS
KW  - NEUTRINOS
KW  - Atmospheric muon
KW  - Atmospheric neutrino
KW  - Superconducting spectrometer
N1  - Accession Number: 9192974; Motoki, M. 1; Email Address: motoki@awa.tohoku.ac.jp Sanuki, T. 1 Orito, S. 1 Abe, K. 1 Anraku, K. 1 Asaoka, Y. 1 Fujikawa, M. 1 Fuke, H. 1 Haino, S. 1 Imori, M. 1 Izumi, K. 1 Maeno, T. 2 Makida, Y. 3 Matsui, N. 1 Matsumoto, H. 1 Matsunaga, H. 1 Mitchell, J. 4 Mitsui, T. 2 Moiseev, A. 4 Nishimura, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  3: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p113; Subject Term: MUONS; Subject Term: NEUTRINOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric muon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric neutrino; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconducting spectrometer; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0927-6505(02)00195-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, Randall L.
AU  - Hall, Lee J.
T1  - Carbon nanotube synthesis upon stainless steel meshes
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 659
SN  - 00086223
AB  - In this paper we report and interpret the effectiveness of different bulk metal catalyst preparations and of various components within reactive gas mixtures for carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis. The combined catalyst precursor and supporting material is type 304 stainless steel mesh. The steel mesh keenly illustrates the net effect of different pretreatments upon the catalyst because of its resistance to oxidation. These preparative treatments include oxidation, reduction, and their combinations. Finally the utility of the different components within the reactive gas mixture are illustrated by synthesis tests in their individual absence. The effect of catalyst preparation and gas mixture on CNT synthesis is judged on the basis of the relative surface density and morphology of the CNTs (as observed via SEM) and their graphitic structure (as observed via TEM). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - BIOSYNTHESIS
KW  - STEEL
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - A. Carbon filaments
KW  - B. Catalyst, Catalyst support
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Catalytically grown carbon
KW  - Chemical vapor deposition
N1  - Accession Number: 9440816; Vander Wal, Randall L.; Email Address: randy@rvander.grc.nasa.gov Hall, Lee J. 1; Affiliation:  1: The National Center for Microgravity Research (NCMR) c/o The NASA-Glenn Research Center, M.S. 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p659; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: BIOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: STEEL; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Carbon filaments; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Catalyst, Catalyst support; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Catalytically grown carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical vapor deposition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0008-6223(02)00369-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okai, Keiichi
AU  - Tsue, Mitsuhiro
AU  - Kono, Michikata
AU  - Sato, Jun’ichi
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - An experimental study of microgravity combustion of a droplet near a wall
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 133
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
SN  - 00102180
KW  - Cold wall effects
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 9656881; Okai, Keiichi 1; Email Address: okai@nal.go.jp Tsue, Mitsuhiro 2 Kono, Michikata 2 Sato, Jun’ichi 3 Dietrich, Daniel L. 4 Williams, Forman A. 5; Affiliation:  1: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan,7-44-1 Jindaiji-Higashi, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8522, Japan  2: University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan  3: Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Koto, Tokyo 135-8732, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 133 Issue 1/2, p169; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold wall effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0010-2180(02)00573-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Visscher, Pieter T.
AU  - Baumgartner, Laura K.
AU  - Buckley, Daniel H.
AU  - Rogers, Daniel R.
AU  - Hogan, Mary E.
AU  - Raleigh, Christopher D.
AU  - Turk, Kendra A.
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
T1  - Dimethyl sulphide and methanethiol formation in microbial mats: potential pathways for biogenic signatures.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 296
EP  - 308
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Summary Mechanisms of dimethyl sulphide (DMS) and methanethiol (MT) production and consumption were determined in moderately hypersaline mats, Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Biological pathways regulated the net flux of DMS and MT as revealed by increases in flux resulting from decreased salinity, increased temperature and the removal of oxygen. Dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) was not present in these microbial mats and DMS and MT are probably formed by the reaction of photosynthetically produced low-molecular weight organic carbon and biogenic hydrogen sulphide derived from sulphate reduction. These observations provide an alternative to the notion that DMSP or S-containing amino acids are the dominant precursors of DMS in intertidal sediment systems. The major sink for DMS in the microbial mats was biological consumption, whereas photochemical oxidation to dimethylsulphoxide was the major sink for DMS in the overlying water column. Diel flux measurements demonstrated that significantly more DMS is released from the system during the night than during the day. The major consumers of DMS in the presence of oxygen were monooxygenase-utilizing bacteria, whereas under anoxic conditions, DMS was predominantly consumed by sulphate-reducing bacteria and methanethiol was consumed by methanogenic bacteria. Aerobic and anaerobic consumption rates of DMS were nearly identical. Mass balance estimates suggest that the consumption in the water column is likely to be smaller than net the flux from the mats. Volatile organic sulphur compounds are thus indicators of high rates of carbon fixation and sulphate reduction in these laminated sediment ecosystems, and atmospheric sulphur can be generated as a biogenic signature of the microbial mat community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - DIMETHYL sulfide
KW  - METHANE
KW  - GUERRERO (Mexico : State)
KW  - MEXICO
N1  - Accession Number: 9400092; Visscher, Pieter T. 1,2 Baumgartner, Laura K. 1,2 Buckley, Daniel H. 1,2 Rogers, Daniel R. 1,2 Hogan, Mary E. 2,3 Raleigh, Christopher D. 2,3 Turk, Kendra A. 2,3 Des Marais, David J. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06340, USA.  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p296; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: DIMETHYL sulfide; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: GUERRERO (Mexico : State); Subject Term: MEXICO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1462-2920.2003.00418.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tumer, Kagan
AU  - Ghosh, Joydeep
T1  - Bayes Error Rate Estimation Using Classifier Ensembles.
JO  - International Journal of Smart Engineering System Design
JF  - International Journal of Smart Engineering System Design
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 109
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10255818
AB  - The Bayes error rate gives a statistical lower bound on the error achievable for a given classification problem and the associated choice of features. By reliably estimating this rate, one can assess the usefulness of the feature set that is being used for classification. Moreover, by comparing the accuracy achieved by a given classifier with the Bayes rate, one can quantify how effective that classifier is. Classical approaches for estimating or finding bounds for the Bayes error, in general, yield rather weak results for small sample sizes; unless the problem has some simple characteristics, such as Gaussian class-conditional likelihoods. This article shows how the outputs of a classifier ensemble can be used to provide reliable and easily obtainable estimates of the Bayes error with negligible extra computation. Three methods of varying sophistication are described. First, we present a framework that estimates the Bayes error when multiple classifiers, each providing an estimate of the a posteriori class probabilities, are combined through averaging. Second, we bolster this approach by adding an information theoretic measure of output correlation to the estimate. Finally, we discuss a more general method that just looks at the class labels indicated by ensemble members and provides error estimates based on the disagreements among classifiers. The methods are illustrated for artificial data, a difficult four-class problem involving underwater acoustic data, and two problems from the Proben1 benchmarks. For data sets with known Bayes error, the combiner-based methods introduced in this article outperform existing methods. The estimates obtained by the proposed methods also seem quite reliable for the real-life data sets for which the true Bayes rates are unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Smart Engineering System Design is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - Bayes error
KW  - combining
KW  - ensembles
KW  - error bounds
KW  - error estimate
N1  - Accession Number: 10726844; Tumer, Kagan 1 Ghosh, Joydeep 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p95; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayes error; Author-Supplied Keyword: combining; Author-Supplied Keyword: ensembles; Author-Supplied Keyword: error bounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: error estimate; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
T1  - On the electrical conductivity structure of the stable continental crust
JO  - Journal of Geodynamics
JF  - Journal of Geodynamics
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
SN  - 02643707
AB  - A high conductivity zone (HCZ) exists in many places worldwide in the stable mid- to lower continental crust, at the depth of about 20–30 km, but its origin is enigmatic. At this depth range, the temperatures are constrained between 400 and 600 °C and free fluids are believed to have been consumed by retrograde mineral reactions. Many causes for the HCZ have been considered such as residual fluids and brines, partial melting, serpentine or other hydroxyl-bearing minerals in a state of dehydration, but intergranular carbon films have been the most widely accepted explanation. This view is challenged. Electrical conductivity and dielectric polarization measurements on materials as structurally and chemically diverse as laboratory-grown MgO, upper mantle olivine single crystals, and lower crustal anorthosite rock indicate that, in all of them, highly mobile electronic charge carriers are generated in the 450±50–650±50 °C window. These charge carriers are positive holes, e.g. defect electrons in the O 2p-dominated valence band, chemically equivalent to O− in the O2− matrix. They form through dissociation of positive hole pairs, PHP, chemically equivalent to peroxy links, O3X–OO–XO3 (X=Si4+, Al3+ etc.). The PHPs in turn derive from hydroxyl, O3X–OH, that become incorporated into nominally anhydrous minerals whenever they crystallize in H2O-laden igneous or metamorphic environments. Upon cooling, O3X–OH pairs undergo a redox conversion to O3X–OO–XO3 plus H2. Positive hole charge carriers have no problem co-existing with reduced cations under the non-equilibrium conditions that prevail in dry rocks below 600 °C, and they dominate their electrical conductivity in the 400–600 °C temperature range. It is proposed that the HCZ is caused by positive hole charge carriers that are metastably activated in the crust in the 20–30 km depth range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Geodynamics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - GEOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 8803729; Freund, Friedemann 1; Email Address: ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University, Department of Physics, and SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p353; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chernov, Alexander A.
T1  - Protein crystals and their growth
JO  - Journal of Structural Biology
JF  - Journal of Structural Biology
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 142
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
SN  - 10478477
AB  - Recent results on the associations between protein molecules in crystal lattices, crystal–solution surface energy, elastic properties, strength, and spontaneous crystal cracking are reviewed and discussed. In addition, some basic approaches to understanding the solubility of proteins are followed by an overview of crystal nucleation and growth. It is argued that variability of mixing in batch crystallization may be a source of the variation in the number of crystals ultimately appearing in the sample. The frequency at which new molecules join a crystal lattice is measured by the kinetic coefficient and is related to the observed crystal growth rate. Numerical criteria used to discriminate diffusion- and kinetic-limited growth are discussed on this basis. Finally, the creation of defects is discussed with an emphasis on the role of impurities and convection on macromolecular crystal perfection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Structural Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - CRYSTAL lattices
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - Crystallization
KW  - Crystals
KW  - Defects
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Proteins
KW  - Solubility
KW  - Structural resolution
N1  - Accession Number: 9547448; Chernov, Alexander A. 1; Email Address: alex.chernov@msfc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association at Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code SD46, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 142 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: CRYSTAL lattices; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystallization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solubility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural resolution; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00034-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Golden, Barbara L.
AU  - Kundrot, Craig E.
T1  - RNA crystallization
JO  - Journal of Structural Biology
JF  - Journal of Structural Biology
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 142
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
SN  - 10478477
AB  - RNA molecules may be crystallized using variations of the methods developed for protein crystallography. As the technology has become available to synthesize and purify RNA molecules in the quantities and with the quality that is required for crystallography, the field of RNA structure has exploded. The first consideration when crystallizing an RNA is the sequence, which may be varied in a rational way to enhance crystallizability or prevent formation of alternate structures. Once a sequence has been designed, the RNA may be synthesized chemically by solid-state synthesis or it may be produced enzymatically using RNA polymerase and an appropriate DNA template. Purification of milligram quantities of RNA can be accomplished by HPLC or gel electrophoresis. As with proteins, crystallization of RNA is usually accomplished by vapor diffusion techniques. There are several considerations that are either unique to RNA crystallization or more important for RNA crystallization. Techniques for design, synthesis, purification, and crystallization of RNAs will be reviewed here. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Structural Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RNA
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 9547456; Golden, Barbara L. 1 Kundrot, Craig E. 2; Email Address: craig.e.kundrot@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, 175 S. University Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA  2: Laboratory for Structural Biology, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code SD48, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 142 Issue 1, p98; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00042-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - van der Woerd, Mark
AU  - Ferree, Darren
AU  - Pusey, Marc
T1  - The promise of macromolecular crystallization in microfluidic chips
JO  - Journal of Structural Biology
JF  - Journal of Structural Biology
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 142
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 180
SN  - 10478477
AB  - Microfluidics, or lab-on-a-chip technology, is proving to be a powerful, rapid, and efficient approach to a wide variety of bioanalytical and microscale biopreparative needs. The low materials consumption, combined with the potential for packing a large number of experiments in a few cubic centimeters, makes it an attractive technique for both initial screening and subsequent optimization of macromolecular crystallization conditions. Screening operations, which require a macromolecule solution with a standard set of premixed solutions, are relatively straightforward and have been successfully demonstrated in a microfluidics platform. Optimization methods, in which crystallization solutions are independently formulated from a range of stock solutions, are considerably more complex and have yet to be demonstrated. To be competitive with either approach, a microfluidics system must offer ease of operation, be able to maintain a sealed environment over several weeks to months, and give ready access for the observation and harvesting of crystals as they are grown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Structural Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - Lab on a chip
KW  - Macromolecule crystallization
KW  - Microfluidics
N1  - Accession Number: 9547463; van der Woerd, Mark 1 Ferree, Darren 1 Pusey, Marc 2; Email Address: Marc.pusey@msfc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Marshall Space Flight Center, Mail Code SD46, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  2: Biophysics SD46, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Marshall Space Flight Center, Mail Code SD46, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 142 Issue 1, p180; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lab on a chip; Author-Supplied Keyword: Macromolecule crystallization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microfluidics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00049-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kremic, Tibor
T1  - Technology Transfer: A Contextual Approach.
JO  - Journal of Technology Transfer
JF  - Journal of Technology Transfer
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 158
SN  - 08929912
AB  - A corporation views effective technology transfer as a necessary element for successful operations. Politicians and Government agencies view technology transfer as critical to a competitive domestic economy. This paper compares and contrasts the technology transfer motives and methods of a corporation and a Government research and technology agency to analyze differences. The analysis reveals that the context, or environment, and the motives of the particular organizational level both reflect the method of technology transfer employed. Motives are not necessarily homogenous across organization levels. Therefore, the successful implementation of technology transfer depends upon creating an environment that will capitalize on the motives that exist at each level, and taking an approach that reflects those motives. The Government approach is to broadcast available technology, whereas that of the corporation is to control its release by targeting recipients. For more effective technology transfer, the Government approach should be augmented by a second stage that considers the individual employee's motivation. Therefore, on the basis of the findings, a two-stage approach to successful Government technology transfer is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Technology Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TECHNOLOGY transfer
KW  - GOVERNMENT agencies
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - RESEARCH & development
KW  - INDUSTRIAL research
N1  - Accession Number: 10624531; Kremic, Tibor 1; Email Address: tibor.kremic@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA, John H. Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 21-13 Brookpark, Ohio 44135 E-mail: tibor.kremic@grc.nasa.gov,; Issue Info: Apr2003, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p149; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGY transfer; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT agencies; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH & development; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ent
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ogbuji, Linus U.J.T.
T1  - Pest-resistance in SiC/BN/SiC composites
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 613
SN  - 09552219
AB  - State-of-the-art non-oxide ceramic-matrix composites (consisting of SiC fibers, cvi-BN interphase coating, and mi-SiC matrix) exhibit excellent mechanical properties at room temperature, as well as above ∼1000 °C (where oxidation easily seals flaws with silica); but they are prone to pest degradation at intermediate temperatures in an oxidizing environment, and especially so in the fast, moist flame of a jet engine. Two modes of pest may be distinguished in these composites. The more severe type of pest is promoted by extraneous factors, like a layer of elemental carbon underlying the BN interphase and undermining its intrinsic oxidation resistance. It is shown that, when care is taken to exclude such a carbon layer, SiC/BN/SiC composite can easily survive a 100-h exposure in a burner rig without noticeable loss of strength or strain to fracture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - SILICA
KW  - BN interphase
KW  - Composites
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Pest
KW  - SiC/SiC
N1  - Accession Number: 8806748; Ogbuji, Linus U.J.T. 1; Email Address: thomas-ogbuji@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p613; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: SILICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: BN interphase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pest; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC/SiC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kagawa, Hiromi K.
AU  - Yaoi, Takuro
AU  - Brocchieri, Luciano
AU  - McMillan, R. Andrew
AU  - Alton, Thomas
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - The composition, structure and stability of a group II chaperonin are temperature regulated in a hyperthermophilic archaeon.
JO  - Molecular Microbiology
JF  - Molecular Microbiology
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 156
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 0950382X
AB  - Summary The hyperthermoacidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae contains group II chaperonins, known as rosettasomes, which are two nine-membered rings composed of three different 60 kDa subunits (TF55 alpha, beta and gamma). We sequenced the gene for the gamma subunit and studied the temperature-dependent changes in alpha, beta and gamma expression, their association into rosettasomes and their phylogenetic relationships. Alpha and beta gene expression was increased by heat shock (30 min, 86°C) and decreased by cold shock (30 min, 60°C). Gamma expression was undetectable at heat shock temperatures and low at normal temperatures (75–79°C), but induced by cold shock. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that in vitro alpha and beta subunits form homo-oligomeric rosettasomes, and mixtures of alpha, beta and gamma form hetero-oligomeric rosettasomes. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that beta homo-oligomeric rosettasomes and all hetero-oligomeric rosettasomes associate into filaments. In vivo rosettasomes were hetero-oligomeric with an average subunit ratio of 1α:1β:0.1γ in cultures grown at 75°C, a ratio of 1α:3β:1γ in cultures grown at 60°C and a ratio of 2α:3β:0γ after 86°C heat shock. Using differential scanning calorimetry, we determined denaturation temperatures (Tm ) for alpha, beta and gamma subunits of 95.7°C, 96.7°C and 80.5°C, respectively, and observed that rosettasomes containing gamma were relatively less stable than those with alpha and/or beta only. We propose that, in vivo , the rosettasome structure is determined by the relative abundance of subunits and not by a fixed geometry. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses indicate that archaeal chaperonin subunits underwent multiple duplication events within species (paralogy). The independent evolution of these paralogues raises the possibility that chaperonins have functionally... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR chaperones
KW  - GENES
N1  - Accession Number: 9378452; Kagawa, Hiromi K. 1 Yaoi, Takuro 2 Brocchieri, Luciano 3 McMillan, R. Andrew 4 Alton, Thomas 5 Trent, Jonathan D. 4; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Dr., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.  2: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.  3: Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.  4: Astrobiology Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  5: Department of Biological Sciences, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61055, USA.; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p143; Subject Term: MOLECULAR chaperones; Subject Term: GENES; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03418.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Nengli
AU  - Chao, David F.
T1  - Caustics and caustic-diffraction in laser shadowgraphy of a sessile drop and identification of profile near contact line
JO  - Optics & Laser Technology
JF  - Optics & Laser Technology
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
SN  - 00303992
AB  - This paper presents an optical method based on the caustics and caustic-diffraction in laser shadowgraphy of a sessile drop to identify and estimate the drop profile near the contact line. A parallel laser beam passes through a liquid sessile drop placed on a transparent substrate to produce a shadowgraphic image of the drop on the screen far from the substrate. Along the inflection line of the drop the Gaussian curvature of the wavefront deformed by the drop vanishes, and therefore the inflection line gives caustics in the far field of the wave, which can be seen on the screen. The neighboring light rays at both sides of the inflection line interfere with each other to form interference fringes at the inner side of the caustics. According to the pattern of the caustics, the drop-profile shape can be identified and estimated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Optics & Laser Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHADOWGRAPH photography
KW  - LASERS
KW  - Caustic diffraction
KW  - Sessile drop
KW  - Shadowgraphic image
N1  - Accession Number: 9051407; Zhang, Nengli; Email Address: nzhang@grc.nasa.gov Chao, David F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p155; Subject Term: SHADOWGRAPH photography; Subject Term: LASERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Caustic diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sessile drop; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shadowgraphic image; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0030-3992(02)00161-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seo, J.T.
AU  - Yang, Q.
AU  - Creekmore, S.
AU  - Temple, D.
AU  - Qu, L.
AU  - Yu, W.
AU  - Wang, A.
AU  - Peng, X.
AU  - Mott, A.
AU  - Namkung, M.
AU  - Jung, S.S.
AU  - Kim, J.H.
T1  - Evaluation of nonlinear optical properties of cadmium chalcogenide nanomaterials
JO  - Physica E
JF  - Physica E
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
SN  - 13869477
AB  - High quality semiconductor nanomaterials were synthesized through colloidal methods, and evaluated nonlinear optical properties for optical power limiting applications. The nonlinear refraction <f>(γ)</f> and the nonlinear figure of merit <f>(FOM=γ/βλ)</f> of CdTe nanomaterials in toluene <f>(∼8×10−5 mol/l)</f> were estimated to be <f>∼−1×10−13 m2/W</f> and <f>∼200</f>, respectively. The optical power limiting through CdTe nanoscale materials was mainly by the nonlinear refraction because of the high nonlinear FOM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physica E is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - NONLINEAR mechanics
KW  - Nonlinear figure of merit
KW  - Nonlinear refraction
KW  - Optical power limiter
KW  - Semiconductor nanoscale materials
N1  - Accession Number: 9571052; Seo, J.T. 1; Email Address: jaetae.seo@hamptonu.edu Yang, Q. 1 Creekmore, S. 1 Temple, D. 1 Qu, L. 2 Yu, W. 2 Wang, A. 2 Peng, X. 2 Mott, A. 3 Namkung, M. 4 Jung, S.S. 5 Kim, J.H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Research center for Optical Physics, Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA  2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA  3: US Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20783-1197, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 305-600, South Korea; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 17, p101; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: NONLINEAR mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear figure of merit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear refraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical power limiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semiconductor nanoscale materials; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1386-9477(02)00714-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delozier, D.M.
AU  - Orwoll, R.A.
AU  - Cahoon, J.F.
AU  - Ladislaw, J.S.
AU  - Smith Jr., J.G.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
T1  - Polyimide nanocomposites prepared from high-temperature, reduced charge organoclays
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2231
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Montmorillonite clays modified with the dihydrochloride salt of 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene (APB) were used in the preparation of polyimide/organoclay hybrid films. Organoclays with varying surface charge based upon APB were prepared and examined for their dispersion behavior in the polymer matrix. High molecular weight poly(amide acid) solutions were prepared in the presence of the organoclays. Films were cast and subsequently heated to 300 °C to cause imidization. The resulting nanocomposite films, containing 3 wt% of organoclay, were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The clay''s cation exchange capacity (CEC) played a key role in determining the extent of dispersion in the polyimide matrix. Considerable dispersion was observed in some of the nanocomposite films. The most effective organoclay was found to have a CEC of 0.70 meq/g. Nanocomposite films prepared with 3–8 wt% of this organoclay were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thin-film tensile testing. High levels of clay dispersion could be achieved even at the higher clay loadings. Results from mechanical testing revealed that while the moduli of the nanocomposites increased with increasing clay loadings, both strength and elongation decreased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - HYDROCHLORIC acid
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - CLAY
KW  - Nanocomposite
KW  - Organoclay
KW  - Polyimide
N1  - Accession Number: 9389289; Delozier, D.M. 1 Orwoll, R.A. 1 Cahoon, J.F. 1 Ladislaw, J.S. 1 Smith Jr., J.G. 2 Connell, J.W. 2; Email Address: j.w.connell@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Applied Science and Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p2231; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: HYDROCHLORIC acid; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: CLAY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organoclay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00082-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arnaud, Sara B.
T1  - All the parathyroids, all the time!: The Parathyroids, Basic and Clinical Concepts edited by John P. Bilezekian, Robert Marcus and Michael A. Levine. Academic Press, 2001. US$199.95 (xix+881 pages) ISBN 0 12 098651 5
JO  - Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
JF  - Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism
Y1  - 2003/04//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 104
SN  - 10432760
N1  - Accession Number: 9403784; Arnaud, Sara B. 1; Email Address: sarnaud@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Life Sciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p104; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1016/S1043-2760(02)00046-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martinez Fernandez, J.
AU  - Sayir, A.
AU  - Farmer, S.C.
T1  - High temperature creep deformation of directionally solidified Al2O3/Er3Al5O12
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2003/04/02/
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1705
SN  - 13596454
AB  - The microstructure of directionally solidified Al2O3/Er3Al5O12 (19.5 mol% Er2O3) is analyzed and high temperature creep deformation studied using fibers in tension between 1400° C and 1550° C. The directionally solidified Al2O3/Er3Al5O12 system is an in situ composite and has a fine eutectic- microstructure with sub-micron phase spacing. The microstructure is elongated in the direction of growth. Transmission electron microscopy observations revealed well-bonded interfaces and scatter within the crystallographic alignment of the constituent phases. The creep resistance of the system was very high, comparable to c-axis sapphire, and failure initiated at the lamella interfaces. The influence of the different elastic and plastic behaviors of the eutectic components on creep is examined. A critical discussion on the origin of the high stress dependence of the creep rate, the existence of steady state creep, and the relevant microscopic deformation mechanisms is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Creep
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - ERBIUM
KW  - EUTECTICS
KW  - Creep
KW  - Eutectic
KW  - High temperature
KW  - Strain recovery
N1  - Accession Number: 9189372; Martinez Fernandez, J. 1,2,3; Email Address: martinez@us.es Sayir, A. 1,2 Farmer, S.C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p1705; Subject Term: METALS -- Creep; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: ERBIUM; Subject Term: EUTECTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eutectic; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain recovery; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1359-6454(02)00571-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Subramanyam, G.
AU  - Van Keuls, F.W.
AU  - Miranda, F.A.
AU  - Romanofsky, R.R.
AU  - Warner, J.D.
T1  - Design and development of ferroelectric tunable HTS microstrip filters for Ku- and K-band applications
JO  - Materials Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Materials Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2003/04/10/
VL  - 79
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
SN  - 02540584
AB  - In the past few years, our group has designed, fabricated and tested several ferroelectric tunable components, in collaboration with NASA Glenn Research Center. Among the components studied are microstrip tunable resonators, filters, diplexers, and couplers. Tunable filters with gold as well as YBCO high temperature superconductor (HTS) electrodes have been studied using the conductor/ferroelectric/dielectric two-layered microstrip configuration. Tunability is achieved through the non-linear dc electric field dependence of the relative dielectric constant of the ferroelectric thin film. Two pole ferroelectric tunable HTS filters using the YBCO/STO/LAO two-layered microstrip yielded low insertion loss as low as 1.5 dB, and large frequency tunability (∼2.3 GHz) at 24 K, with a peak electric field of 80 kV cm−1 for electrical tuning. The critical design issues for realizing practical tunable filters will be addressed. These include design for (i) large tunability, (ii) low insertion loss, (iii) bandwidth considerations, and (iv) dc biasing for tuning the filters. HTS filters will be compared with their gold counter parts for their performance at Ku- and K-band frequencies. Also, our current work on BSTO based room temperature tunable filters will be presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Chemistry & Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTORS
KW  - ELECTRIC filters
KW  - High temperature superconductor
KW  - K-band
KW  - Ku-band
N1  - Accession Number: 9009796; Subramanyam, G. 1; Email Address: guru.subramanyam@notes.udayton.edu Van Keuls, F.W. 2 Miranda, F.A. 2; Email Address: f.a.miranda@grc.nasa.gov Romanofsky, R.R. 2 Warner, J.D. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469-0226, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 79 Issue 2/3, p147; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature superconductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: K-band; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ku-band; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pizzarello, Sandra
AU  - Zolensky, Michael
AU  - Turk, Kendra A.
T1  - Nonracemic isovaline in the Murchison meteorite: chiral distribution and mineral association
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2003/04/15/
VL  - 67
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1589
SN  - 00167037
AB  - The enantiomeric and carbon-isotopic composition of the amino acid isovaline have been analyzed in several samples of the Murchison meteorite and one sample of the Murray meteorite. l-Enantiomeric excesses of the amino acid were found to range from 0 to 15.2%, varying significantly both between meteorite stones and at short distances within a single stone. The upper limit of this range is the largest enantiomeric excess measured to date for a biologically rare meteoritic amino acid and raises doubts that circularly polarized light irradiation could have been the sole cause of amino acids chiral asymmetry in meteorites. Individual d- and l-isovaline δ13C values ware found to be about +18‰, with no significant differences between the two enantiomers to suggest terrestrial contamination. The amino acid relative abundance also varied between samples, with isovaline/alanine ratios of 0.5 to 6.5. X-ray diffraction analyses of contiguous meteorite fragments suggest a possible correlation between isovaline and hydrous silicates abundances. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - AMINO acids
N1  - Accession Number: 9444429; Pizzarello, Sandra 1; Email Address: pizzar@asu.edu Zolensky, Michael 2 Turk, Kendra A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 67 Issue 8, p1589; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0016-7037(02)01283-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Stephen, T.M.
AU  - Chiou, L.S.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Zander, R.
T1  - <f>SF6</f> ground-based infrared solar absorption measurements: long-term trend, pollution events, and a search for <f>SF5CF3</f> absorption
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/04/15/
VL  - 78
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Infrared solar spectra recorded with the Fourier transform spectrometer in the McMath solar telescope complex on Kitt Peak (<f>31.9°N</f> latitude, <f>111.6°W</f>, <f>2.09 km</f> altitude), southwest of Tucson, Arizona, have been analyzed to retrieve average <f>SF6</f> tropospheric mixing ratios over a two-decade time span. The analysis is based primarily on spectral fits to absorption by the intense, unresolved <f>ν3</f> band Q branch at <f>947.9 cm−1</f>. A best fit to measurements recorded with <f>SF6</f> near typical background concentrations yields a <f>SF6</f> increase in the average tropospheric mixing ratio from <f>1.13 pptv</f> (<f>10−12</f> per unit volume) in March 1982 to <f>3.77 pptv</f> in March 2002. The long-term increase by a factor of 3.34 over the time span is consistent with the rapid growth of surface mixing ratios measured in situ at Northern Hemisphere remote stations, though the infrared measurements show a large scatter. Average tropospheric mixing ratio enhancements above background by 2–3 orders of magnitude have been identified in spectra recorded on 5 days between November 1988 and April 1997. These spectra were individually analyzed in an attempt to detect the strongest 8–<f>12 μm</f> band of <f>SF5CF3</f>, a molecule recently identified with an atmospheric growth that has closely paralleled the rise in <f>SF6</f> during the past three decades. Absorption by the strongest <f>SF5CF3</f> band was predicted to be above the noise level in the Kitt Peak spectrum with the highest average mean tropospheric <f>SF6</f> mixing ratio, assuming the reported atmospheric <f>SF5CF3/SF6</f> ratio and a room temperature absorption cross sections reported for the <f>SF5CF3</f> 903-<f>cm−1</f> band. An upper limit of <f>8×1015</f> <f>molecules cm−2</f> for the <f>SF5CF3</f> total column was estimated for this case. We hypothesize that the highly elevated <f>SF6</f> levels above Kitt Peak resulted from a local release experiment rather than production via electrochemical fluoridation of intermediate products, the proposed source of atmospheric <f>SF5CF3</f>. The absence of the <f>SF5CF3</f> feature in the spectra with elevated <f>SF6</f> is consistent with the absence of <f>SF5CF3</f> reported in a pure <f>SF6</f> sample. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR spectra
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 9050899; Rinsland, C.P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Goldman, A. 2 Stephen, T.M. 2 Chiou, L.S. 3 Mahieu, E. 4 Zander, R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  3: Wyle Laboratories, 3200 Magruder Blvd., Hampton, VA 23698, USA  4: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 78 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: SOLAR spectra; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rerko, Rodney S.
AU  - de Groh III, Henry C.
AU  - Beckermann, Christoph
T1  - Effect of melt convection and solid transport on macrosegregation and grain structure in equiaxed Al–Cu alloys
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2003/04/25/
VL  - 347
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 186
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Macrosegregation in metal casting can be caused by thermal and solutal melt convection, and the transport of unattached solid crystals. These free grains can be a result of, for example, nucleation in the bulk liquid or dendrite fragmentation. In an effort to develop a comprehensive numerical model for the casting of alloys, an experimental study has been conducted to generate benchmark data with which such a solidification model could be tested. The specific goal of the experiments was to examine equiaxed solidification in situations where sinking of grains is (and is not) expected. The objectives were: (1) experimentally study the effects of solid transport and thermosolutal convection on macrosegregation and grain size distribution patterns; and (2) provide a complete set of controlled thermal boundary conditions, temperature data, segregation data, and grain size data, to validate numerical codes. The alloys used were Al–1wt.%–Cu, and Al–10wt.%–Cu with various amounts of the grain refiner TiB2 added. Cylindrical samples were either cooled from the top, or the bottom. Several trends in the data are apparent and provide good starting points for comparisons to numerical models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLIDIFICATION
KW  - ALUMINUM-copper alloys
KW  - Al–Cu alloys
KW  - Macrosegregation
KW  - Solidification
N1  - Accession Number: 9009854; Rerko, Rodney S. 1 de Groh III, Henry C. 2; Email Address: henry.degroh@grc.nasa.gov Beckermann, Christoph 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242-1527, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, m.s. 105-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 347 Issue 1/2, p186; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: ALUMINUM-copper alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al–Cu alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Macrosegregation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solidification; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Comparison of the <f>T1</f> and <f>D1</f> diagnostics for electronic structure theory: a new definition for the open-shell <f>D1</f> diagnostic
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/04/29/
VL  - 372
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 362
SN  - 00092614
AB  - It is shown that the coupled-cluster <f>T1</f> operator used in a previous study to define the open-shell <f>D1</f> diagnostic is ill defined, and leads to an arbitrary definition of the open-shell <f>D1</f> diagnostic. A new definition is proposed that eliminates this ambiguity and approximately restores the mathematical relationship previously noted between the closed-shell <f>D1</f> and <f>T1</f> diagnostics. Statistical comparison of the <f>T1</f> and <f>D1</f> diagnostics shows a very high degree of correlation between them for the molecular systems studied thus far, although it is argued that both diagnostics used together can provide more information than either can separately. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL research
KW  - OPERATOR algebras
N1  - Accession Number: 9545648; Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: tjlee@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: MST27B-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2003, Vol. 372 Issue 3/4, p362; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL research; Subject Term: OPERATOR algebras; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00435-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - Roger W. Remington
T1  - The limits of attention: temporal constraints in human information processing. Kimron Shapiro (ed.). Oxford University Press, New York, 2001. No. of pages 264. ISBN 0-19-850516-7. Price: $95.00 (hardback).
JO  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
JF  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
Y1  - 2003/05//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 08884080
N1  - Accession Number: 10640962; Mei-Ching Lien 1 Roger W. Remington 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Ames Research Center; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p495; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, Gennady L.
AU  - Andrews, Lester
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
T1  - 3d-Metal monocarbonyls MCO, <f>MCO+</f>, and <f>MCO−</f> (M=Sc to Cu): comparative bond strengths and catalytic ability to produce <f>CO2</f> in reactions with CO
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2003/05//
VL  - 290
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
SN  - 03010104
AB  - The electronic and geometrical structures of 3d-metal monocarbonyls MCO (M=Sc to Cu), the <f>MCO−</f> anions and <f>MCO+</f> cations are computed using the density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation potential. Our calculated adiabatic electron affinities and ionization potentials are in good agreement with experiment. Using the results of our previous computations on the MC, <f>MC−</f>, and <f>MC+</f> series, we estimated the energies required for the Boudouard disproportionation reactions <f>MCO0,−,++CO→MC0,−,++CO2</f>. Among the neutrals, this reaction is endothermic by 1.30 eV for Mn, while Fe is found to be the second best atom, with the reaction being endothermic by 1.59 eV. These are substantially reduced with respect to the gas phase Boudouard reaction <f>CO+CO→C+CO2</f>, which is endothermic by 5.65 eV. Several of the anions have disproportionation energies similar to the neutrals, while cations are found to be less favorable than the neutrals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADIABATIC demagnetization
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 9498706; Gutsev, Gennady L. 1; Email Address: ggutsev@mail.arc.nasa.gov Andrews, Lester 2 Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, ELORET Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA  3: Mail Stop 230-3, Space Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 290 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: ADIABATIC demagnetization; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0301-0104(03)00097-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chanover, N.J.
AU  - Anderson, C.M.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - Glenar, D.A.
AU  - Hillman, J.J.
AU  - Blass, W.E.
T1  - Probing Titan’s lower atmosphere with acousto-optic tuning
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/05//
VL  - 163
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 150
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Narrow-band images of Titan were obtained in November 1999 with the NASA/GSFC- built acousto-optic imaging spectrometer (AImS) camera. This instrument utilizes a tunable filter element that was used within the 500- to 1050-nm range, coupled to a CCD camera system. The images were taken with the Mount Wilson 2.54-m (100 in.) Hooker telescope, which is equipped with a natural guide star adaptive optics system. We observed Titan at 830 and 890 nm and at a series of wavelengths across the 940-nm window in Titan’s atmosphere where the methane opacity is relatively low. We determined the absolute reflectivity (I/F) of Titan and fit the values at 940 nm to a Minnaert function at Titan’s equator and at −30° latitude (closer to the subsolar point) and obtained average values for the Minnaert limb-darkening slope, k, of 0.661 ± 0.007 and 0.775 ± 0.018, respectively. Comparison with models suggests that the equatorial value of k is consistent with rain removal of haze in the lower atmosphere. The higher value of k at −30° is consistent with the southern hemisphere being brighter than the equator. However, the fits are not unique. The data and models at 890 are consistent with no limb brightening or darkening at this wavelength either at the equator or at −30°. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - Atmospheres, Structure
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 9714106; Chanover, N.J. 1 Anderson, C.M. 1 McKay, C.P. 2 Rannou, P. 3 Glenar, D.A. 4 Hillman, J.J. 5 Blass, W.E. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Box 30001/Dept. 4500, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003-0001, USA  2: NASA/Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Service d’Aéronomie, Université de Paris 6, Paris, France 75252  4: Code 693, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 163 Issue 1, p150; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00075-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Riehl, Bonnie
AU  - Subramanyam, Guru
AU  - Biggers, Rand
AU  - Campbell, Angela
AU  - Van Keuls, Fred W.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Tomlin, David
T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured BSTO Thin-Films for Microwave Applications.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2003/05//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 825
EP  - 837
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Nanophase synthesis of ferroelectric thin-films of Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 (BSTO) was studied systematically for applications in tunable microwave components. Synthesis of nanostructured BSTO was performed using a pulsed-laser deposition system with real-time in-situ process control. The main research goal was to utilize the pulsed laser deposition parameters to control the grain growth for low microwave loss nanostructured BSTO thin-films on crystalline substrates such as LaAlO 3 . These parameters include the energy density of the laser pulses, wavelength, oxygen partial pressure, distance between the target and the substrate, and the substrate temperature. The nanostructural characterization was performed using XRD, SEM and AFM. Microwave characterization was done using coplanar waveguide lines to characterize the frequency dependent dielectric properties (ℇ r and tan δ). BSTO films were grown at the same measured temperature and energy density but in different oxygen ambient pressures from 19 mTorr through 300 mTorr. Using contact mode AFM, the grain size was found to decrease as the oxygen ambient pressure was reduced from 150 mTorr to 38 mTorr. The growth process changed when the pressure was increased above 150 mTorr. Nanocluster structures rather than nanoparticles were found at 225 mTorr. Average grain sizes less than 100 nm were obtained to oxygen pressures below 75 mTorr. The XRD spectra indicate the highly crystalline nature of the film. Microwave measurements, performed between 9-18 GHz, suggest the nano-structured BSTO thin-films on LaAlO 3 (LAO) substrates are highly tunable (up to 25%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - PULSED laser deposition
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - FERROELECTRICITY
KW  - BSTO thin-films
KW  - Ferroelectrics
KW  - nanostructured thin-films
KW  - PLD
KW  - tunable microwave devices
N1  - Accession Number: 11794723; Riehl, Bonnie 1 Subramanyam, Guru 1 Biggers, Rand 2 Campbell, Angela 2 Van Keuls, Fred W. 3 Miranda, Felix A. 3 Tomlin, David 4; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of ECE, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469.  2: Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, OH 45433.  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.  4: Technical Management Concepts Inc., Dayton, OH.; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p825; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: PULSED laser deposition; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: BSTO thin-films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanostructured thin-films; Author-Supplied Keyword: PLD; Author-Supplied Keyword: tunable microwave devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Braun, M. J.
AU  - Kudriavtsev, V. V.
AU  - Steinetz, B. M.
AU  - Proctor, M. P.
T1  - Two- and Three-Dimensional Numerical Experiments Representing Two Limiting Cases of an In-Line Pair of Finger Seal Components.
JO  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
JF  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Y1  - 2003/05//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 179
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1023621X
AB  - The work presented here concerns the numerical development and simulation of the flow, pressure patterns, and motion of a pair of fingers arranged one behind the other and axially aligned in line. The fingers represent the basic elemental component of a finger seal and form a tight seal around the rotor. Yet their flexibility allows compliance with rotor motion and, in a passive-adaptive mode, compliance with the hydrodynamic forces induced by the flowing fluid. Although this article does not treat the actual staggered configuration of a finger seal, the in-line arrangement represents a first step toward that final goal. The numerical two-dimensional (axial-radial) and three-dimensional results presented herein were obtained using a commercial package (CFD-ACE+). Both models use an integrated numerical approach, which couples the hydrodynamic fluid model based on Navier-Stokes equations to the solid mechanics code that models the compliance of the fingers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Rotating Machinery is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SEALING (Technology)
KW  - Finger-seal
KW  - Numerical simulation
KW  - Three-dimensional
KW  - Two-dimensional
N1  - Accession Number: 10726819; Braun, M. J. 1 Kudriavtsev, V. V. 2 Steinetz, B. M. 3 Proctor, M. P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, USA  2: CFD Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p171; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SEALING (Technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Finger-seal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three-dimensional; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-dimensional; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li
AU  - J.
AU  - Ng
AU  - H. T.
AU  - Cassell
AU  - A.
AU  - Fan
AU  - W.
AU  - Chen
AU  - H.
AU  - Ye
AU  - Q.
AU  - Koehne
AU  - Han
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Array for Ultrasensitive DNA Detection.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2003/05//
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 597
EP  - 602
SN  - 15306984
AB  - A nanoelectrode array based on vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) embedded in SiO2 is used for ultrasensitive DNA detection. Characteristic electrochemical behaviors are observed for measuring bulk and surface-immobilized redox species. Sensitivity is dramatically improved by lowering the nanotube density. Oligonucleotide probes are selectively functionalized to the open ends of nanotubes. The hybridization of subattomole DNA targets can be detected by combining such electrodes with Ru(bpy)32+ mediated guanine oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - DNA
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 12047194; Li J. 1 Ng H. T. 1 Cassell A. 1 Fan W. 1 Chen H. 1 Ye Q. 1 Koehne Han Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 3 Issue 5, p597; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khare
AU  - B.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
AU  - Moore
AU  - M. H.
AU  - Wilhite
AU  - P.
AU  - Imanaka
AU  - H.
AU  - Chen
T1  - Proton Irradiation of Carbon Nanotubes.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2003/05//
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 643
EP  - 646
SN  - 15306984
AB  - Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were irradiated with 1 MeV protons and the samples were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. There is clear evidence that the irradiated sample contains C-H bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 12047203; Khare B. 1 Meyyappan M. 1 Moore M. H. 1 Wilhite P. 1 Imanaka H. 1 Chen; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035 and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 3 Issue 5, p643; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
T1  - Interaction of a conjugated phenylene ethynylene trimer with a Au(1 1 1) surface
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/05/06/
VL  - 372
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 873
SN  - 00092614
AB  - The interaction of 4-[<f>4′</f>-(phenylethynyl)-phenylethynyl]-benzenethiols (PPBSH) with Au(1 1 1) surfaces has been studied using density functional theory and a cluster model. For PPBSH perpendicular to the surface, the threefold hollow is the most favorable site, but the energy difference between this and the least favorable site is only about 9 kcal/mol. The most stable form of PPBSH on the surface is bent, therefore, PPBSH should only be perpendicular to the surface at higher coverages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - THIOLS
N1  - Accession Number: 9656830; Ricca, Alessandra; Email Address: ricca@pegasus.arc.nasa.gov Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 372 Issue 5/6, p873; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: THIOLS; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00514-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halasinski
AU  - T. M.
AU  - Weisman
AU  - J. L.
AU  - Ruiterkamp
AU  - R.
AU  - Lee
AU  - T. J.
AU  - Salama
AU  - F.
AU  - Head-Gordon
AU  - M.
T1  - Electronic Absorption Spectra of Neutral Perylene (C20H12), Terrylene (C30H16), and Quaterrylene (C40H20) and Their Positive and Negative Ions:  Ne Matrix-Isolation Spectroscopy and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Calculations
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2003/05/15/
VL  - 107
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 3660
EP  - 3669
SN  - 10895639
AB  - We present an experimental and theoretical study of an interesting series of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the oligorylenes. The absorption spectra of perylene, terrylene, and quaterrylene in neutral, cationic, and anionic charge states are obtained by matrix-isolation spectroscopy in Ne. The experimental spectra are dominated by a bright state that red shifts with growing molecular size. Excitation energies and state symmetry assignments for this state are obtained by calculations using time-dependent density functional theory methods. These calculations also provide additional information and insight into the trends in oscillator strength and excitation energy for the bright states:  in particular, the oscillator strength per unit mass of carbon increases along the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - ANIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 12072665; Halasinski T. M. 1 Weisman J. L. 1 Ruiterkamp R. 1 Lee T. J. 1 Salama F. 1 Head-Gordon M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory at Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands, and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 107 Issue 19, p3660; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: ANIONS; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giver, Lawrence P.
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Chackerian Jr., Charles
AU  - Freedman, Richard S.
T1  - The rovibrational intensities of five absorption bands of <f>12C16O2</f> between 5218 and <f>5349 cm−1</f>
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/05/15/
VL  - 78
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Absolute line intensities, band intensities, and Herman–Wallis parameters were measured for the <f>(0112)I←(0000)</f> perpendicular band of <f>12C16O2</f> centered at <f>5315 cm−1</f>, along with the three nearby associated hot bands: <f>(1002)II←(0110)I</f> at <f>5248 cm−1</f>, <f>(0222)I←(0110)I</f> at <f>5291 cm−1</f>, and <f>(1002)I←(0110)I</f> at <f>5349 cm−1</f>. The nearby parallel hot band <f>(3001)I←(1000)II</f> at <f>5218 cm−1</f> was also included in this study.The rotationless band intensities at <f>296 K</f> are, respectively,<tbl loc="DISPLAY"><tblbdy TOP-STUBS="0" LEFT-STUBS="0" BOTTOM-STUBS="0" RIGHT-STUBS="0"><r><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><top-border style="S" TYPE="BAR"><bottom-border style="S" TYPE="BAR">Band</c><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><top-border style="S" TYPE="BAR"><bottom-border style="S" TYPE="BAR"><f>Svo cm−1/(molecule/cm2)</f></c></r><r><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><f>(0112)I←(0000)</f></c><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><f>(47.6±0.4)×10−24</f></c></r><r><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><f>(1002)II←(0110)I</f></c><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><f>(1.36±0.04)×10−24</f></c></r><r><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><f>(0222)I←(0110)I</f></c><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><f>(3.60±0.05)×10−24</f></c></r><r><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><f>(1002)I←(0110)I</f></c><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><f>(0.513±0.025)×10−24</f></c></r><r><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><bottom-border style="S" TYPE="BAR"><f>(3001)I←(1000)II</f></c><c ca="L" ra="T" CSPAN="1" RSPAN="1"><bottom-border style="S" TYPE="BAR"><f>(2.279±0.031)×10−24</f></c></r></tblbdy></tbl> [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - Absorption bands
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Intensities
KW  - Near IR
N1  - Accession Number: 9142901; Giver, Lawrence P. 1; Email Address: lgiver@mail.arc.nasa.gov Brown, Linda R. 2 Chackerian Jr., Charles 3 Freedman, Richard S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Physics Branch, N 245-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Space Physics Research Institute, Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 78 Issue 3/4, p417; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near IR; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00277-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walch, Stephen P.
T1  - The bonding of N2 to models of a (9, 0) carbon nanotube and graphite
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/05/20/
VL  - 373
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 422
SN  - 00092614
AB  - We have studied the bonding of N2 to a (9, 0) carbon nanotube using the MP2 and ONIOM methods with extended basis sets. We find a weak dispersion type bond with the N2 ∼3.3 A˚ away from the surface. Our best estimate of the binding energy, including the effect of expanding the high accuracy piece from ethylene to cluster A, is 1.88 kcal/mol for bonding in a twofold site and 1.97 kcal/mol for bonding in a sixfold site. We find N2 is bound more strongly to a graphitic surface by ∼0.3 kcal/mol. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
N1  - Accession Number: 9712591; Walch, Stephen P. 1; Email Address: swalch@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ELORET, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 373 Issue 3/4, p422; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00624-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanescu, D.
AU  - Hussaini, M.Y.
AU  - Farassat, F.
T1  - Aircraft engine noise scattering by fuselage and wings: a computational approach
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2003/05/29/
VL  - 263
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 319
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - The paper presents a time-domain method for computation of sound radiation from aircraft engine sources to the far field. The effects of non-uniform flow around the aircraft and scattering of sound by fuselage and wings are accounted for in the formulation. The approach is based on the discretization of the inviscid flow equations through a collocation form of the discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method. An isoparametric representation of the underlying geometry is used in order to take full advantage of the spectral accuracy of the method. Large-scale computations are made possible by a parallel implementation based on message passing. Results obtained for radiation from an axisymmetric nacelle alone are compared with those obtained when the same nacelle is installed in a generic configuration, with and without a wing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - NOISE generators (Electronics)
N1  - Accession Number: 9714430; Stanescu, D. 1; Email Address: dans@csit.fsu.edu Hussaini, M.Y. 1 Farassat, F. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Computational Science and Information Technology, Florida State University, 400 DSL Building, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23669, USA; Source Info: May2003, Vol. 263 Issue 2, p319; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: NOISE generators (Electronics); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01126-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Anderson, B.M.
AU  - Simonsen, L.C.
T1  - Materials trade study for lunar/gateway missions
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 31
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2383
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) administrator has identified protection from radiation hazards as one of the two biggest problems of the agency with respect to human deep space missions. The intensity and strength of cosmic radiation in deep space makes this a ‘must solve’ problem for space missions. The Moon and two Earth-Moon Lagrange points near Moon are being proposed as hubs for deep space missions. The focus of this study is to identify approaches to protecting astronauts and habitats from adverse effects from space radiation both for single missions and multiple missions for career astronauts to these destinations. As the great cost of added radiation shielding is a potential limiting factor in deep space missions, reduction of mass, without compromising safety, is of paramount importance. The choice of material and selection of the crew profile play major roles m design and mission operations. Material trade studies in shield design over multi-segmented missions involving multiple work and living areas in the transport and duty phase of space mission''s to two Earth-Moon co-linear Lagrange points (L1) between Earth and the Moon and (L2) on back side of the moon as seen from Earth, and to the Moon have been studied. It is found that, for single missions, current state-of-the-art knowledge of material provides adequate shielding. On the other hand, the choice of shield material is absolutely critical for career astronauts and revolutionary materials need to be developed for these missions. This study also provides a guide to the effectiveness of multifunctional materials in preparation for more detailed geometry studies in progress. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION injuries
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - MOON
N1  - Accession Number: 11730071; Tripathi, R.K. 1; Email Address: r.k.tripathi@larc.nasa.gov Wilson, J.W. 1 Cucinotta, F.A. 2 Anderson, B.M. 1 Simonsen, L.C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 31 Issue 11, p2383; Subject Term: RADIATION injuries; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: MOON; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mogul
AU  - R.
AU  - Bol'shakov
AU  - A. A.
AU  - Chan
AU  - S. L.
AU  - Stevens
AU  - R. M.
AU  - Khare
AU  - B. N.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
AU  - Trent
AU  - J. D.
T1  - Impact of Low-Temperature Plasmas on Deinococcus radiodurans and Biomolecules.
JO  - Biotechnology Progress
JF  - Biotechnology Progress
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 776
EP  - 783
SN  - 87567938
AB  - The effects of cold plasma on Deinococcus radiodurans, plasmid DNA, and model proteins were assessed using microbiological, spectrometric, and biochemical techniques. In low power O2 plasma (~25 W, ~45 mTorr, 90 min), D. radiodurans, a radiation-resistant bacterium, showed a 99.999% reduction in bioburden. In higher power O2 plasma (100 W and 500 mTorr), the reduction rate increased about 10-fold and observation by atomic force microscopy showed significant damage to the cell. Damage to cellular lipids, proteins, and chromosome was indicated by losses of infrared spectroscopic peaks at 2930, 1651, 1538, and 1245 cm-1, respectively. In vitro experiments show that O2 plasmas induce DNA strand scissions and cross-linking as well as reduction of enzyme activity. The observed degradation and removal of biomolecules was power-dependent. Exposures to 200 W at 500 mTorr removed biomolecules to below detection limits in 60 s. Emission spectroscopy indicated that D. radiodurans cells were volatilized into CO2, CO, N2, and H2O, confirming that these plasmas were removing complex biological matter from surfaces. A CO2 plasma was not as effective as the O2 plasma, indicating the importance of plasma composition and the dominant role of chemical degradation. Together, these findings have implications for NASA planetary protection schemes and for the contamination of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biotechnology Progress is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Low temperature plasmas
KW  - Deinocerites
KW  - Plasmids
N1  - Accession Number: 11997003; Mogul; R. 1; Bol'shakov; A. A. 1; Chan; S. L. 1; Stevens; R. M. 1; Khare; B. N. 1; Meyyappan; M. 1; Trent; J. D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Astrobiology Technology Branch, Plasma Research Group, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94087, and SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043; Issue Info: Jun2003, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p776; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Subject Term: Low temperature plasmas; Subject Term: Deinocerites; Subject Term: Plasmids; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Watson, Ralph D.
T1  - Three-dimensional effects in multi-element high lift computations
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 631
SN  - 00457930
AB  - In an effort to discover the causes for disagreement between previous two-dimensional (2-D) computations and nominally 2-D experiment for flow over the three-element McDonnell Douglas 30P-30N airfoil configuration at high lift, a combined experimental/CFD investigation is described. The experiment explores several different side-wall boundary layer control venting patterns, documents venting mass flow rates, and looks at corner surface flow patterns. The experimental angle of attack at maximum lift is found to be sensitive to the side-wall venting pattern: a particular pattern increases the angle of attack at maximum lift by at least 2°. A significant amount of spanwise pressure variation is present at angles of attack near maximum lift. A CFD study using three-dimensional (3-D) structured-grid computations, which includes the modeling of side-wall venting, is employed to investigate 3-D effects on the flow. Side-wall suction strength is found to affect the angle at which maximum lift is predicted. Maximum lift in the CFD is shown to be limited by the growth of an off-body corner flow vortex and consequent increase in spanwise pressure variation and decrease in circulation. The 3-D computations with and without wall venting predict similar trends to experiment at low angles of attack, but either stall too early or else overpredict lift levels near maximum lift by as much as 5%. Unstructured-grid computations demonstrate that mounting brackets lower the lift levels near maximum lift conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLOWS (Differentiable dynamical systems)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - High lift
KW  - Multi-element
KW  - Navier–Stokes
KW  - Suction
N1  - Accession Number: 8544336; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@larc.nasa.gov Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M. 1 Watson, Ralph D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Flow Physics and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 170, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p631; Subject Term: FLOWS (Differentiable dynamical systems); Subject Term: PRESSURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: High lift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Suction; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Ecomaterials
JO  - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science
JF  - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 207
SN  - 13590286
N1  - Accession Number: 11404163; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: msingh@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpath Road, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA Tel.: +1-216-433-8883; fax: +1-216-433-5544; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p207; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.cossms.2003.09.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Schenk, Paul
AU  - Levison, Harold
AU  - Dones, Luke
T1  - Cratering rates in the outer Solar System
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 163
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
SN  - 00191035
AB  - This paper is a compilation by table, graph, and equation of impact cratering rates from Jupiter to Pluto. We use several independent constraints on the number of ecliptic comets. Together they imply that the impact rate on Jupiter by 1.5-km-diameter comets is currently N˙(d > 1.5 km) = 0.005−0.003+0.006 per annum. Other kinds of impactors are currently unimportant on most worlds at most sizes. The size–number distribution of impactors smaller than 20 km is inferred from size–number distributions of impact craters on Europa, Ganymede, and Triton; while the size–number distribution of impacting bodies larger than 50 km is equated to the size–number distribution of Kuiper Belt objects. The gap is bridged by interpolation. It is notable that small craters on Jupiter’s moons indicate a pronounced paucity of small impactors, while small craters on Triton imply a collisional population rich in small bodies. However it is unclear whether the craters on Triton are of heliocentric or planetocentric origin. We therefore consider two cases for Saturn and beyond: a Case A in which the size–number distribution is like that inferred at Jupiter, and a Case B in which small objects obey a more nearly collisional distribution. Known craters on saturnian and uranian satellites are consistent with either case, although surface ages are much younger in Case B, especially at Saturn and Uranus. At Neptune and especially at Saturn our cratering rates are much higher than rates estimated by Shoemaker and colleagues, presumably because Shoemaker’s estimates mostly predate discovery of the Kuiper Belt. We also estimate collisional disruption rates of moons and compare these to estimates in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRATERING
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 10006999; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kzahnle@mail.arc.nasa.gov Schenk, Paul 2 Levison, Harold 3 Dones, Luke 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Lunar & Planetary Institute, Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 163 Issue 2, p263; Subject Term: CRATERING; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00048-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ungar, Stephen G.
AU  - Pearlman, Jay S.
AU  - Mendenhall, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Reuter, Dennis
T1  - Overview of the Earth Observing One (EO-1) Mission.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2003/06//Jun2003 Part 1
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1149
EP  - 1159
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Earth Observing One (EO-1) satellite, a part of National Aeronautics and Space Administration's New Millennium Program, was developed to demonstrate new technologies and strategies for improved earth observations. It was launched from Vandenburg Air Force Base on November 21, 2000. The EO-1 satellite contains three observing instruments supported by a variety of newly developed space technologies. The Advanced Land Imager (ALI) is a prototype for a new generation of Landsat-7 Thematic Mapper. The Hyperion Imaging Spectrometer is the first high spatial resolution imaging spectrometer to orbit the earth. The Linear Etalon Imaging Spectral Array (LEISA) Atmospheric Corrector (LAC) is a high spectral resolution wedge imaging spectrometer designed to measure atmospheric water vapor content. Instrument performances are validated and carefully monitored through a combination of radiometric calibration approaches: solar, lunar, stellar, earth (vicarious), and atmospheric observations complemented by onboard calibration lamps and extensive prelaunch calibration. Techniques for spectral calibration of space-based sensors have been tested and validated with Hyperion. ALI and Hyperion instrument performance continue to meet or exceed predictions well beyond the planned one-year program. This paper reviews the EO-1 satellite system and provides details of the instruments and their performance as measured during the first year of operation. Calibration techniques and tradeoffs between alternative approaches are discussed. An overview of the science applications for instrument performance assessment is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 10770220; Ungar, Stephen G. 1 Pearlman, Jay S. 2 Mendenhall, Jeffrey A. 3 Reuter, Dennis 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA  2: Advanced Network Centric Operations, Phantom Works, Boeing Company, USA  3: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, USA; Source Info: Jun2003 Part 1, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1149; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Pindera, Marek-Jerzy
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Higher-order theory for periodic multiphase materials with inelastic phases
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 805
SN  - 07496419
AB  - An extension of a recently-developed linear thermoelastic theory for multiphase periodic materials is presented which admits inelastic behavior of the constituent phases. The extended theory is capable of accurately estimating both the effective inelastic response of a periodic multiphase composite and the local stress and strain fields in the individual phases. The model is presently limited to materials characterized by constituent phases that are continuous in one direction, but arbitrarily distributed within the repeating unit cell which characterizes the material''s periodic microstructure. The model''s analytical framework is based on the homogenization technique for periodic media, but the method of solution for the local displacement and stress fields borrows concepts previously employed by the authors in constructing the higher-order theory for functionally graded materials, in contrast with the standard finite-element solution method typically used in conjunction with the homogenization technique. The present approach produces a closed-form macroscopic constitutive equation for a periodic multiphase material valid for both uniaxial and multiaxial loading. The model''s predictive accuracy in generating both the effective inelastic stress-strain response and the local stress and inelastic strain fields is demonstrated by comparison with the results of an analytical inelastic solution for the axisymmetric and axial shear response of a unidirectional composite based on the concentric cylinder model and with finite-element results for transverse loading. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - THERMOELASTICITY
KW  - Elastic–plastic materials
KW  - Fibre-reinforced composite materials
KW  - Higher-order theory
KW  - Micromechanical modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 8996894; Aboudi, Jacob 1 Pindera, Marek-Jerzy 2; Email Address: mp3g@ssmarek.ce.virginia.edu Arnold, Steven M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel  2: School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall B228, 351 McCormick Road, PO Box 400742 Charlottesville, VA 22903-4742, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p805; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic–plastic materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fibre-reinforced composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Higher-order theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanical modeling; Number of Pages: 43p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Resnick, Andrew
T1  - Use of optical tweezers for colloid science
JO  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
JF  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 262
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
SN  - 00219797
AB  - A space-borne optical tweezer apparatus for use with colloidal crystallization experiments has been characterized. The trapping force has been measured as a function of index mismatch between colloidal microspheres and the surrounding fluid and as a function of particle size. This work also presents a method to determine the refractive index of a colloidal microsphere, which is then used to calculate the applied trapping force for the case of an arbitrary background fluid. This is useful for work with dense colloidal suspensions when the usual (e.g., Stokes flow) trap force measurement methods do not apply, as well as microrheological studies of complex soft matter. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Colloid & Interface Science is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - TRAPPING
KW  - Hard-sphere colloids
KW  - Microrheology
KW  - Optical trapping
KW  - Refractive index
N1  - Accession Number: 9714172; Resnick, Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.resnick@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mailstop 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 262 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: TRAPPING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hard-sphere colloids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microrheology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical trapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refractive index; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114210 Hunting and Trapping; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0021-9797(03)00193-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Zhao, Jun
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Poole, Lamont
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Mishchenko, Michael I.
AU  - Reichardt, Jens
T1  - Enhanced lidar backscattering by quasi-horizontally oriented ice crystal plates in cirrus clouds
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 79/80
M3  - Article
SP  - 1139
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The backscattering of light by quasi-horizontally oriented hexagonal ice plates is investigated because of its pertinence to lidar measurements of cirrus clouds. For oriented ice crystals, the commonly used geometric optics ray-tracing method is not applicable to the computation of the scattered field in certain scattering directions, in particular, the backscattering direction, because of the singularity problem inherent to the ray-tracing technique. In this study, we solve for the electric field due to scattering by quasi-horizontally oriented ice plates using an approach based on the electromagnetic wave theory. We simplify the analysis by ignoring the effect of the plate''s side faces on the internal field inside the particle. This is a reasonable approximation when the ratio of the particle diameter to its thickness is large. This approximation is also valid if the tilt of the particle''s symmetric axis from zenith is small and the size parameter is large. The present numerical results indicate that very strong oscillations in the backscattering cross section occur with the variation of size parameter. Furthermore, the bulk backscattering intensity has been calculated by including the effect of a particle size distribution and the random tilt of particle symmetric axis within a small angular region, for example, <f>2°</f>. A strong dependence is found between the lidar backscattering cross section and the degree of the random tilt of the particles. A combination of the present method with the T-matrix method, which works well for particles having small and moderate size parameters, may provide a more complete picture of the lidar backscattering by quasi-horizontally oriented ice plates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Ice plates
KW  - Lidar
N1  - Accession Number: 9484638; Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Hu, Yong X. 2 Winker, David M. 2 Zhao, Jun 3 Hostetler, Chris A. 2 Poole, Lamont 2 Baum, Bryan A. 2 Mishchenko, Michael I. 4 Reichardt, Jens 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 3150, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  4: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA  5: JCET, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  6: Code 916, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 79/80, p1139; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00346-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
AU  - Huang, Hung-Lung
AU  - Tsay, Si-Chee
AU  - Ackerman, Steve
T1  - Single-scattering properties of droxtals
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 79/80
M3  - Article
SP  - 1159
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Small ice crystals have been found to occur in high concentrations in polar stratospheric clouds and the upper portion of cirrus clouds, where temperatures are extremely low (often less than <f>−50°C</f>). The scattering properties of these small crystals are important to space-borne remote sensing, especially for the retrieval of cirrus properties using visible and near-infrared channels. Previous research has shown that the commonly used spherical and “quasi-spherical” approximations for these ice crystals can lead to significant errors in light scattering and radiative transfer calculations. We suggest that droxtals more accurately represent the shape of these small ice crystals. The single-scattering properties of ice droxtals have been computed at visible and infrared wavelengths using the finite-difference time domain method for size parameters smaller than 20. Further study of the optical properties of larger droxtals (size parameter greater than 20) will be carried out using an improved geometric optics method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - Droxtals
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Small ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 9484640; Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Baum, Bryan A. 2 Heymsfield, Andrew J. 3 Hu, Yong X. 2 Huang, Hung-Lung 4 Tsay, Si-Chee 5 Ackerman, Steve 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 3150, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 8030, USA  4: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA  5: Code 913, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 79/80, p1159; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droxtals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Small ice crystals; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00347-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9484640&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Wei, He-Li
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Huang, Hung-Lung
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
AU  - Gao, Bo-Cai
AU  - Turner, David D.
T1  - The spectral signature of mixed-phase clouds composed of non-spherical ice crystals and spherical liquid droplets in the terrestrial window region
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 79/80
M3  - Article
SP  - 1171
SN  - 00224073
AB  - An outstanding problem facing the cloud modeling and remote sensing community is to improve satellite-derived cloud microphysical and macrophysical properties when a single cloud layer exists within a temperature range for which a combination of water and ice particles may be present. This is typically known as a “mixed-phase” cloud condition, and is prevalent when the cloud-top temperature lies between <f>−40°C</f> and <f>0°C</f>. In this paper we report on a sensitivity study of the spectral signature of mixed-phase clouds in the infrared terrestrial window region (8–<f>13 μm</f>). Mixed clouds are assumed to be a vertically uniform cloud layer composed of a mixture of pristine hexagonal ice crystals and spherical water droplets.Unlike the conventional approach that derives the bulk scattering properties of mixed-phase clouds by a linear weighting of the contributions of ice and water components, the bulk single-scattering properties of mixed-phase clouds are formulated on the basis of fundamental physics. With the aid of a line-by-line radiative transfer model and a discrete ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) computational program, we investigate the high-resolution spectral signature, expressed in terms of brightness temperature, of mixed-phase clouds with various effective sizes, ice fraction ratios, and optical thicknesses. Small particles are found to have a significant impact on the infrared spectral signature of mixed-phase clouds when the size discrepancy between the ice and water particles is large. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the infrared radiative spectrum associated with cirrus clouds can be quite different from their counterparts for cirrus clouds even if a small amount of water droplets exist in the mixed-phase cloud layer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - High-resolution spectral signature
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Mixed-phase clouds
KW  - Single-scattering parameters
N1  - Accession Number: 9484641; Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Wei, He-Li 1 Baum, Bryan A. 2 Huang, Hung-Lung 3 Heymsfield, Andrew J. 4 Hu, Yong X. 2 Gao, Bo-Cai 5 Turner, David D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 3150, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 8030, USA  5: Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 79/80, p1171; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-resolution spectral signature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed-phase clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-scattering parameters; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00348-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9484641&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Rice, Lloyd
AU  - Ungar, Eric E.
AU  - Raichel, Daniel R.
AU  - Thompson Jr., William
AU  - Augspurger, George L.
AU  - Kahrs, Mark
AU  - Shepherd, Kevin P.
AU  - Rosenberg, Carl J.
AU  - Preves, David A.
AU  - Waag, Robert C.
T1  - REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 113
IS  - 6
M3  - Other
SP  - 2955
EP  - 2971
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Evaluates several acoustical patents.  Method and apparatus for acoustic pressure assisted wave soldering; Laser and acoustic lens for lithotripsy; Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus for an endoscope.
KW  - PATENTS
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - LITHOTRIPSY
KW  - ULTRASONIC imaging
KW  - ENDOSCOPES
N1  - Accession Number: 20818714; Rice, Lloyd Ungar, Eric E. 1 Raichel, Daniel R. Thompson Jr., William 2 Augspurger, George L. 3 Kahrs, Mark 4 Shepherd, Kevin P. 5 Rosenberg, Carl J. 1 Preves, David A. 6 Waag, Robert C. 7; Affiliation:  1: Acentech, Incorporated, 33 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138  2: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802  3: Perception, Incorporated, Box 39536, Los Angeles, California 90039  4: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261  5: Mail Stop 463, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  6: Starkey Laboratories, 6600 Washington Ave. S., Eden Prairie, Minnesota 55344  7: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Univ. of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 113 Issue 6, p2955; Subject Term: PATENTS; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: LITHOTRIPSY; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC imaging; Subject Term: ENDOSCOPES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541110 Offices of Lawyers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541199 All Other Legal Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 28 Diagrams; Document Type: Other
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Kuhn, Theodore R.
AU  - Serbyn, Roman M.
T1  - Background noise in piezoresistive, electret condenser, and ceramic microphones.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 113
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3179
EP  - 3187
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Background noise studies have been extended from air condenser microphones to piezoresistive, electret condenser, and ceramic microphones. Theoretical models of the respective noise sources within each microphone are developed and are used to derive analytical expressions for the noise power spectral density for each type. Several additional noise sources for the piezoresistive and electret microphones, beyond what had previously been considered, were applied to the models and were found to contribute significantly to the total noise power spectral density. Experimental background noise measurements were taken using an upgraded acoustic isolation vessel and data acquisition system, and the results were compared to the theoretically obtained expressions. The models were found to yield power spectral densities consistent with the experimental results. The measurements reveal that the 1/f noise coefficient is strongly correlated with the diaphragm damping resistance, irrespective of the detection technology, i.e., air condenser, piezoresistive, etc. This conclusion has profound implications upon the expected 1/f noise component of micromachined (MEMS) microphones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRETS
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - SOUND waves
N1  - Accession Number: 20818741; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 1 Kuhn, Theodore R. 1 Serbyn, Roman M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 493, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Physics Department, Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland 21251; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 113 Issue 6, p3179; Subject Term: ELECTRETS; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.1572147
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20818741&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kirkpatrick, Andrew W
AU  - Hamilton, Douglas R
AU  - Nicolaou, Savvas
AU  - Sargsyan, Ashot E
AU  - Campbell, Mark R
AU  - Feiveson, Alan
AU  - Dulchavsky, Scott A
AU  - Melton, Shannon
AU  - Beck, George
AU  - Dawson, David L
T1  - Focused assessment with sonography for trauma in weightlessness: a feasibility study
JO  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
JF  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 196
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 833
SN  - 10727515
AB  - : BackgroundThe Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) examines for fluid in gravitationally dependent regions. There is no prior experience with this technique in weightlessness, such as on the International Space Station, where sonography is currently the only diagnostic imaging tool.: Study designA ground-based (1 g) porcine model for sonography was developed. We examined both the feasibility and the comparative performance of the FAST examination in parabolic flight. Sonographic detection and fluid behavior were evaluated in four animals during alternating weightlessness (0 g) and hypergravity (1.8 g) periods. During flight, boluses of fluid were incrementally introduced into the peritoneal cavity. Standardized sonographic windows were recorded. Postflight, the video recordings were divided into 169 20-second segments for subsequent interpretation by 12 blinded ultrasonography experts. Reviewers first decided whether a video segment was of sufficient diagnostic quality to analyze (determinate). Determinate segments were then analyzed as containing or not containing fluid. A probit regression model compared the probability of a positive fluid diagnosis to actual fluid levels (0 to 500 mL) under both 0-g and 1.8-g conditions.: ResultsThe in-flight sonographers found real-time scanning and interpretation technically similar to that of terrestrial conditions, as long as restraint was maintained. On blinded review, 80% of the recorded ultrasound segments were considered determinate. The best sensitivity for diagnosis in 0 g was found to be from the subhepatic space, with probability of a positive fluid diagnosis ranging from 9% (no fluid) to 51% (500 mL fluid).: ConclusionsThe FAST examination is technically feasible in weightlessness, and merits operational consideration for clinical contingencies in space. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American College of Surgeons is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONIC imaging
KW  - EMOTIONAL trauma
KW  - abdominal sweep (AS)
KW  - Advanced Technology Laboratories (ATL)
KW  - compact disk–read-only memory (CD-ROM)
KW  - determinate (DET)
KW  - Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST)
KW  - gravity (G)
KW  - Human Research Facility (HRF)
KW  - indeterminate (IND)
KW  - International Space Station (ISS)
KW  - left upper quadrant (LUQ)
KW  - low earth orbit (LEO)
KW  - Morrison’s pouch (MP)
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center (NASA/JSC)
KW  - pelvis (P)
KW  - peritoneal lavage (PL)
KW  - probability of a positive fluid diagnosis (D+)
KW  - University of Texas Medical Branch—Galveston (UTMB-Galveston)
N1  - Accession Number: 9908655; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W 1 Hamilton, Douglas R 2 Nicolaou, Savvas 3 Sargsyan, Ashot E 2 Campbell, Mark R 2 Feiveson, Alan 4 Dulchavsky, Scott A 5 Melton, Shannon 2 Beck, George 2 Dawson, David L 4; Affiliation:  1: Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada (Kirkpatrick)  2: Wyle Life Sciences, Houston, TX, USA (Hamilton, Sargsyan, Campbell, Melton, Beck)  3: Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, USA (Nicolaou)  4: Space and Life Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA (Feiveson, Dawson)  5: Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA (Dulchavsky); Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 196 Issue 6, p833; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC imaging; Subject Term: EMOTIONAL trauma; Author-Supplied Keyword: abdominal sweep (AS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Technology Laboratories (ATL); Author-Supplied Keyword: compact disk–read-only memory (CD-ROM); Author-Supplied Keyword: determinate (DET); Author-Supplied Keyword: Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST); Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity (G); Author-Supplied Keyword: Human Research Facility (HRF); Author-Supplied Keyword: indeterminate (IND); Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station (ISS); Author-Supplied Keyword: left upper quadrant (LUQ); Author-Supplied Keyword: low earth orbit (LEO); Author-Supplied Keyword: Morrison’s pouch (MP); Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center (NASA/JSC); Author-Supplied Keyword: pelvis (P); Author-Supplied Keyword: peritoneal lavage (PL); Author-Supplied Keyword: probability of a positive fluid diagnosis (D+); Author-Supplied Keyword: University of Texas Medical Branch—Galveston (UTMB-Galveston); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1072-7515(02)01906-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Chris
AU  - Holloway, C.M.
T1  - A survey of logic formalisms to support mishap analysis
JO  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
JF  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 80
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
SN  - 09518320
AB  - Mishap investigations provide important information about adverse events and near miss incidents. They are intended to help avoid any recurrence of previous failures. Over time, they can also yield statistical information about incident frequencies that helps to detect patterns of failure and can validate risk assessments. However, the increasing complexity of many safety critical systems is posing new challenges for mishap analysis. Similarly, the recognition that many failures have complex, systemic causes has helped to widen the scope of many mishap investigations. These two factors have combined to pose new challenges for the analysis of adverse events. A new generation of formal and semi-formal techniques have been proposed to help investigators address these problems. We introduce the term ‘mishap logics’ to collectively describe these notations that might be applied to support the analysis of mishaps. The proponents of these notations have argued that they can be used to formally prove that certain events created the necessary and sufficient causes for a mishap to occur. These proofs can be used to reduce the bias that is often perceived to effect the interpretation of adverse events. Others have argued that one cannot use logic formalisms to prove causes in the same way that one might prove propositions or theorems. Such mechanisms cannot accurately capture the wealth of inductive, deductive and statistical forms of inference that investigators must use in their analysis of adverse events. This paper provides an overview of these mishap logics. It also identifies several additional classes of logic that might also be used to support mishap analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Reliability Engineering & System Safety is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RISK assessment
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
KW  - Accident investigation
KW  - Causation
KW  - Implication
KW  - Mishap investigation
KW  - Mishap logics
N1  - Accession Number: 9497689; Johnson, Chris 1; Email Address: johnson@dcs.gla.ac.uk Holloway, C.M. 2; Email Address: c.m.holioway@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 130/100 NASA Road, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 80 Issue 3, p271; Subject Term: RISK assessment; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accident investigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Causation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Implication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mishap investigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mishap logics; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0951-8320(03)00053-X
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=9497689&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, Woody
AU  - Spector, Sacha
AU  - Gardiner, Ned
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Sterling, Eleanor
AU  - Steininger, Marc
T1  - Remote sensing for biodiversity science and conservation
JO  - Trends in Ecology & Evolution
JF  - Trends in Ecology & Evolution
Y1  - 2003/06//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
SN  - 01695347
AB  - Remote-sensing systems typically produce imagery that averages information over tens or even hundreds of square meters – far too coarse to detect most organisms – so the remote sensing of biodiversity would appear to be a fool''s errand. However, advances in the spatial and spectral resolutions of sensors now available to ecologists are making the direct remote sensing of certain aspects of biodiversity increasingly feasible; for example, distinguishing species assemblages or even identifying species of individual trees. In cases where direct detection of individual organisms or assemblages is still beyond our grasp, indirect approaches offer valuable information about diversity patterns. Such approaches derive meaningful environmental parameters from biophysical characteristics that are revealed by remote sensing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Trends in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - REMOTE sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 9854994; Turner, Woody 1; Email Address: Woody.Turner@hq.nasa.gov Spector, Sacha 2 Gardiner, Ned 2 Fladeland, Matthew 3 Sterling, Eleanor 2 Steininger, Marc 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Office of Earth Science, Mail Code YS, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA  2: Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA  3: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Center for Applied Biodiversity Science at Conservation International, 1919 M Street, NW, Suite 600, Washington, DC 20036, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p306; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00070-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eddy, Wesley M.
AU  - Allman, Mark
T1  - A comparison of RED’s byte and packet modes
JO  - Computer Networks
JF  - Computer Networks
Y1  - 2003/06/05/
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 261
SN  - 13891286
AB  - Routers making use of random early detection (RED) queueing take action to notify sources of growing congestion levels in the network before their resources are exhausted. The RED system hinges on two calculations: tracking the average queue size and the probability that an incoming packet is marked for congestion. These two calculations can be done in terms of the number of packets arriving at the router or in terms of the size of those packets (in bytes). Intuitively, these calculation methods offer different costs and benefits to traffic. This paper quantitatively assesses the impact of using the different queueing and marking methods on the performance of traffic traversing a RED gateway. We show that in some cases the calculation method makes a difference in the performance of the system, while in other cases the choice has little impact. We also provide a framework for rating the RED variants in particular situations in an attempt to aid in the choice of variant to use in a specific situations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Networks is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROUTERS (Computer networks)
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION traffic
KW  - TRAFFIC congestion
KW  - Active queue management
KW  - Congestion control
KW  - RED
N1  - Accession Number: 9604698; Eddy, Wesley M. 1; Email Address: weddy@irg.cs.ohiou.edu; Allman, Mark 2; Email Address: mallman@bbn.com; Affiliations: 1: Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; 2: BBN Technologies, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jun2003, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p261; Thesaurus Term: ROUTERS (Computer networks); Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION traffic; Subject Term: TRAFFIC congestion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active queue management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Congestion control; Author-Supplied Keyword: RED; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1389-1286(03)00195-6
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=9604698&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Demarco, Gustavo
T1  - Atomistic modeling of Au deposition on a Cu substrate
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2003/06/10/
VL  - 532-535
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
SN  - 00396028
AB  - The Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith method for alloys is applied to the study of Au growth on Cu(1 0 0) and Cu(1 1 0). Atom-by-atom analysis of the energy contributions of each atom in the system explain the observed features, highlighting the influence of the low coverage regime in the resulting surface alloy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - GOLD
KW  - Adatoms
KW  - Alloys
KW  - and topography
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Copper
KW  - Gold
KW  - morphology
KW  - roughness
KW  - Semi-empirical models and model calculations
KW  - Single crystal surfaces
KW  - Surface structure
N1  - Accession Number: 9900174; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Garcés, Jorge E. 1,3 Demarco, Gustavo 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Centro Atomico Bariloche, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 532-535, p41; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: GOLD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: and topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold; Author-Supplied Keyword: morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical models and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single crystal surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0039-6028(03)00103-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev
AU  - G. L.
AU  - Bauschlicher
AU  - C. W. Jr.
T1  - Chemical Bonding, Electron Affinity, and Ionization Energies of the Homonuclear 3d Metal Dimers.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2003/06/12/
VL  - 107
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 4755
EP  - 4767
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Electronic and geometrical structures of the homonuclear 3d metal dimers M2 (from Sc2 to Zn2) as well as their [inline equation]  anions and <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%M%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  cations are computed using density functional theory with six generalized gradient approximations for the exchange-correlation potential. The neutral ground states are assigned as follows:  Sc2 (5<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%u%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), Ti2 (3Δg), V2 (3<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), Cr2 (1Σ+), Mn2 (11Πu), Fe2 (7Δu), Co2 (5Δg), Ni2 (3<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), Cu2 (1<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), and Zn2 (1<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ). The anions are assigned as follows:  <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Sc%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (4<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Ti%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (4Δu), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%V%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (4<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%u%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Cr%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (2Σ+), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Mn%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (10<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Fe%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (8Δg), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Co%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%[S_EL2;space] </EQNDATA> (6Δu), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Ni%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (4<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%u%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), and <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Cu%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (2<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%u%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ) (<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Zn%@sx@%2%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  is unbound). The cations ground states are:  <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Sc%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (4<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Ti%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (2Δg), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%V%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%[S_EL2;space] </EQNDATA> (4<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%-%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Cr%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (2Σ+), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Mn%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (10Πu), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Fe%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (8Δu), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Co%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (6Γg), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Ni%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (4Δg), <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Cu%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (2<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%g%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ), and <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Zn%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  (2<EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%Σ%@sx@%u%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA> ). A natural bond (NBO) analysis is used to obtain the chemical bonding patterns in the neutral and charged dimers. The results of the NBO analysis allow us to explain the changes in the ground-state spin multiplicities and spatial symmetries when moving along the neutral and ionic series. Consistent changes in the chemical bonding patterns of the neutral and charged dimers lend further support to our assignment of the ground states in the [inline equation]  and <EQNDATA>%@mt;sys@%M%@sx@%2%@be@%+%@sxx@%%@mx@%</EQNDATA>  series. Our calculated adiabatic electron affinities and ionization energies are in good agreement with experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SCISSION (Chemistry)
KW  - ANIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 18432524; Gutsev G. L. 1 Bauschlicher C. W. Jr. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 107 Issue 23, p4755; Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SCISSION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ANIONS; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodgers, S.D.
AU  - Butner, H.M.
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
T1  - The HNC/HCN ratio in comets: Observations of C/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/06/15/
VL  - 31
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2577
EP  - 2582
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We have observed HNC and HCN in the coma of comet C/2002 C1 (Ikeya-Zhang). We derive HNC/HCN ratios of 23 per cent and 3 percent at heliocentric distances of 0.73 and 0.96 AU respectively. These amounts of HNC cannot be synthesised in the coma via bimolecular chemical reactions, and so these observations appear to confirm that the dominant source of HNC in cometary comae is the degradation of complex organic material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - COMETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
KW  - DISTANCES
N1  - Accession Number: 22259210; Rodgers, S.D. 1; Email Address: rodgers@dusty.arc.nasa.gov Butner, H.M. 2 Charnley, S.B. 1 Ehrenfreund, P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Mofett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SMTO-Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Leiden Observatory, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 31 Issue 12, p2577; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: DISTANCES; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vancil, Bernard K.
AU  - Wintucky, Edwin G.
T1  - Miniature reservoir cathode—an update
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2003/06/15/
VL  - 215
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
SN  - 01694332
AB  - We report on recent work to produce a small, low power, low cost reservoir cathode capable of long life (more than 100,000 h) at high loading (>5 A/cm2). Our objective is a highly manufacturable, commercial device costing less than US$ 30. Small highly loaded cathodes are needed, especially for millimeter traveling wave tubes, where focusing becomes difficult when area convergence ratios are too high. We currently have three models ranging from 0.060 to 0.125 in. diameter. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - COST
KW  - Cathode
KW  - Dispenser cathode
KW  - Reservoir cathode
KW  - Thermionic
N1  - Accession Number: 10060773; Vancil, Bernard K. 1; Email Address: bernie@fdeassc.com Wintucky, Edwin G. 2; Email Address: edwin.g.wintucky@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: FDE Inc., 21070 SW Tile Flat Road, Beaverton, OR 97007, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 54-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 215 Issue 1-4, p18; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: COST; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cathode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dispenser cathode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reservoir cathode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermionic; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00319-2
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swanson, Theodore D.
AU  - Birur, Gajanana C.
T1  - NASA thermal control technologies for robotic spacecraft
JO  - Applied Thermal Engineering
JF  - Applied Thermal Engineering
Y1  - 2003/06/15/Jun2003 Special Issue
VL  - 23
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
SN  - 13594311
AB  - Technology development is inevitably a dynamic process in search of an elusive goal. It is never truly clear whether the need for a particular technology drives its development, or the existence of a new capability initiates new applications. Technology development for the thermal control of spacecraft presents an excellent example of this situation. Nevertheless, it is imperative to have a basic plan to help guide and focus such an effort. Although this plan will be a living document that changes with time to reflect technological developments, perceived needs, perceived opportunities, and the ever-changing funding environment, it is still a very useful tool. This presentation summarizes the current efforts at National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard and NASA/JPL to develop new thermal control technology for future robotic NASA missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Thermal Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - Advanced thermal control
KW  - Capillary pumped loops
KW  - Cryogenic
KW  - Heat switches
KW  - Loop heat pipes
KW  - Thermal storage
KW  - Variable emissivity surface
N1  - Accession Number: 9677090; Swanson, Theodore D. 1; Email Address: theodore.d.swanson@nasa.gov; Birur, Gajanana C. 2; Email Address: gajanana.c.birur@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 540, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Issue Info: Jun2003 Special Issue, Vol. 23 Issue 9, p1055; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced thermal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capillary pumped loops; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat switches; Author-Supplied Keyword: Loop heat pipes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variable emissivity surface; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1359-4311(03)00036-X
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DB  - buh
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walch, Stephen P.
T1  - Model calculations of the electron affinities and ionization potentials of DNA
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/06/18/
VL  - 374
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 496
SN  - 00092614
AB  - We have studied the electron affinities and ionization potentials for models of DNA. We conclude that removing an electron is most favorable on the PO4− groups; whereas, addition of an electron is most favorable on a nucleic acid. The computed electron affinities are 1.9, 4.8, 5.7, and 7.9 kcal/mol for adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, respectively. Our best estimate of the IP for hydrated DNA is 4.5 eV and for hydrated DNA plus Na+ counter ions is 5.6 eV. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - DNA
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - ELECTRONS
N1  - Accession Number: 10061236; Walch, Stephen P. 1; Email Address: swalch@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research center, ELORET, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 374 Issue 5/6, p496; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00735-8
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walch, Stephen P.
T1  - On the reaction of N and O atoms with carbon nanotubes
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/06/18/
VL  - 374
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
SN  - 00092614
AB  - We have studied the reaction of N and O atoms with a (9,0) carbon nanotube using clusters and the ONIOM method with the B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory. For both N and O atoms in their ground state, addition to the CNT requires a surface crossing and presumably involves a barrier, while we show that addition of the excited state of N(2D) has no barrier, and we believe this also to be true for O(1D). Both N and O atoms bond in a bridged structure and have bond strengths of 25.0 and 67.9 kcal/mol (estimated), respectively, with respect to CNT plus the ground state of the N or O atom. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - NITROGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 10061238; Walch, Stephen P. 1; Email Address: swalch@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ELORET, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 374 Issue 5/6, p501; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: NITROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)00736-X
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaban
AU  - G. M.
AU  - Xantheas
AU  - S. S.
AU  - Gerber
AU  - R. B.
T1  - Anharmonic Vibrational Spectroscopy of the F-(H2O)n Complexes, n = 1, 2.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2003/06/19/
VL  - 107
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 4952
SN  - 10895639
AB  - We report anharmonic vibrational spectra (fundamentals, first overtones) for the F-(H2O) and F-(H2O)2 clusters computed at the MP2 and CCSD(T) levels of theory with basis sets of triple-ζ quality. Anharmonic corrections were estimated via the correlation-corrected vibrational self-consistent field (CC-VSCF) method. The CC-VSCF anharmonic spectra obtained on the potential energy surfaces evaluated at the CCSD(T) level of theory are the first ones reported at a correlated level beyond MP2. We have found that the average basis set effect (TZP vs aug-cc-pVTZ) is on the order of 30-40 cm-1, whereas the effects of different levels of electron correlation [MP2 vs CCSD(T)] are smaller, 20-30 cm-1. However, the basis set effect is much larger in the case of the H-bonded O-H stretch of the F-(H2O) cluster amounting to 100 cm-1 for the fundamentals and 200 cm-1 for the first overtones. Our calculations are in agreement with the limited available set of experimental data for the F-(H2O) and F-(H2O)2 systems and provide additional information that can guide further experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORINE compounds
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 10657411; Chaban G. M. 1 Xantheas S. S. 1 Gerber R. B. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 107 Issue 24, p4952; Subject Term: FLUORINE compounds; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - NEWS
AU  - Noor, Ahmed K.
AU  - Bechtel, Stephen E.
AU  - Ghosh, Somnath
T1  - Preface
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2003/06/19/
VL  - 263
IS  - 5
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 961
SN  - 0022460X
N1  - Accession Number: 9905552; Noor, Ahmed K. 1; Email Address: a.k.noor@larc.nasa.gov Bechtel, Stephen E. 2 Ghosh, Somnath 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Advanced Engineering Environments, NASA Langley Research Center, Old Dominion University, Mail Stop 201, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 263 Issue 5, p961; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00266-9
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Noor, A.K.
T1  - Arthur Leissa—a biographical sketch
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2003/06/19/
VL  - 263
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 963
SN  - 0022460X
N1  - Accession Number: 9905553; Noor, A.K. 1; Email Address: a.k.noor@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Old Dominion University, Center for Adv. Eng. Environments, Mail Stop 201, Hampton VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 263 Issue 5, p963; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00267-0
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martínez Fernández, J.
AU  - Muñoz, A.
AU  - de Arellano López, A.R.
AU  - Valera Feria, F.M.
AU  - Domínguez-Rodríguez, A.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Microstructure–mechanical properties correlation in siliconized silicon carbide ceramics
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2003/06/27/
VL  - 51
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3259
SN  - 13596454
AB  - The microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties of siliconized silicon carbide ceramics (reaction bonded, reaction formed, and biomorphic SiC) have been investigated. The microstructural differences between these materials have been analyzed. Reaction formed and biomorphic SiC show better, high temperature compressive creep resistance and strength than reaction bonded SiC. Additionally, these two materials show a continuous decrease in the creep rate, which is more pronounced at higher temperature and silicon content. This behavior is explained in detail by using a model of creep controlled by a viscous intergranular phase. The maximum strengths were exhibited by the biomorphic SiC when compressed in the axial direction. The strength of reaction formed SiC is roughly the average between the strength of biomorphic SiC compressed in the axial and radial directions. The dependence of the high temperature compressive strength with the microstructure, and volume fraction of SiC is discussed in terms of the minimum solid area approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - METALS -- Creep
KW  - PHYSICAL metallurgy
KW  - Creep
KW  - High temperature deformation
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Porous material
KW  - Siliconized SiC
N1  - Accession Number: 9905953; Martínez Fernández, J. 1; Email Address: martinez@us.es Muñoz, A. 1 de Arellano López, A.R. 1 Valera Feria, F.M. 1 Domínguez-Rodríguez, A. 1 Singh, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Dpto. de Física de la Materia Condensada, University of Seville, Apdo. 1065, Seville, Spain  2: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 51 Issue 11, p3259; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: METALS -- Creep; Subject Term: PHYSICAL metallurgy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Siliconized SiC; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00157-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Goldhagen, P.
AU  - Rafnsson, V.
AU  - Clem, J.M.
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Friedberg, W.
T1  - Overview of atmospheric ionizing radiation (AIR) Research: SST-present
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/06/30/
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The Supersonic Transport (SST) program proposed in 1961, first raised concern for the exposure of pregnant occupants by solar energetic particles (SEP), and neutrons were suspected to have a main role in particle propagation deep into the atmosphere. An eight-year flight program confirmed the role of SEP as a significant hazard and of the neutrons as contributing over half of the galactic cosmic ray exposures, with the largest contribution from neutrons above 10 MeV. The FAA Advisory Committee on the Radiobiological Aspects of the SST provided operational requirements. The more recent lowering of ICRP-recommended exposure limits 1990 with the classification of aircrew as “radiation workers” renewed interest in GCR background exposures at commercial flight altitudes and stimulated epidemiological studies in Europe, Japan, Canada and the USA. The proposed development of a High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) required validation of the role of high-energy neutrons, and this resulted in ER-2 flights at solar minimum June 1997 and studies on effects of aircraft materials on interior exposures. Recent evaluation of health outcomes of DOE nuclear workers resulted in legislation for health compensation in year 2000 and recent European aircrew epidemiological studies of health outcomes bring renewed interest in aircraft radiation exposures. As improved radiation models become available, it is imperative that a corresponding epidemiological program of US aircrew be implemented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - NEUTRONS
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 11967205; Wilson, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.wilson@larc.nasa.gov Goldhagen, P. 2 Rafnsson, V. 3 Clem, J.M. 4 De Angelis, G. 5,6 Friedberg, W. 7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA  2: Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, New York, NY 10014, USA  3: University ofIceland, IS 107, Reykjavik, Iceland  4: Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark DE 19716, USA  5: Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA 23508, USA  6: Istituto Superiore di Sanita',I-00161, Rome, Italy  7: Civil Aerospace Medical Institute, AAM-6I0, FAA, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Clem, J.M.
AU  - Goldhagen, P.E.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - A new dynamical atmospheric ionizing radiation (air) model for epidemiological studies
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/06/30/
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
SN  - 02731177
AB  - A new Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation (AIR) model is currently being developed for use in radiation dose evaluation in epidemiological studies targeted to atmospheric flight personnel such as civilian airlines crewmembers. The model will allow computing values for biologically relevant parameters, e.g. dose equivalent and effective dose, for individual flights from 1945. Each flight is described by its actual three-dimensional flight profile, i.e. geographic coordinates and altitudes varying with time. Solar modulated primary particles are flltered with a new analytical fully angular dependent geomagnetic cutoff rigidity model, as a function of latitude, longitude, arrival direction, altitude and time. The particle transport results have been obtained with a technique based on the three-dimensional Monte Carlo transport code FLUKA, with a special procedure to deal with HZE particles. Particle fluxes are transformed into dose-related quantities and then integrated all along the flight path to obtain the overall flight dose. Preliminary validations of the particle transport technique using data from the AIR Project ER-2 flight campaign of measurements are encouraging. Future efforts will deal with modeling of the effects of the aircraft structure as well as inclusion of solar particle events. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ionization
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AIRLINE industry
N1  - Accession Number: 11967206; De Angelis, G. 1,2,3; Email Address: g.deangelis@larc.nasa.gov Clem, J.M. 4 Goldhagen, P.E. 5 Wilson, J.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA  2: Istituto Superiore di Sanita', I-00161 Rome, Italy  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 2368I, USA  4: Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  5: Environmental Measurements Laboratory, US Department of Homeland Security, New York, NY 10014, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p17; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ionization; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clem, John M.
AU  - De Angelis, Giovanni
AU  - Goldhagen, Paul
AU  - Wilson, John W.
T1  - Preliminary validation of computational procedures for a new atmospheric ionizing radiation (air) model
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/06/30/
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
SN  - 02731177
AB  - A new computational procedure to determine particle fluxes in the Earth''s atmosphere is presented. The primary cosmic ray spectrum has been modeled through an analysis of simultaneous proton and helium measurements made on high altitude balloon flights and spacecraft. An improved global fit to the data was achieved through applying a unique technique utilizing the Fokker-Plank equation with a non-linear rigidity-dependent diffusion coefficient. The propagation of primary particles through the Earth''s atmosphere is calculated with a three-dimensional Monte Carlo transport program called FLUKA. Primary protons and helium nuclei (alphas) are generated within the rigidity range of 0.5 GV — 20 TV uniform in cos2Φ. For a given location, primaries above the effective cutoff rigidity are transported through the atmosphere. Alpha particles are initially transported with a separate package called HEAVY to simulate fragmentation. This package interfaces with FLUKA to provide interaction starting points for each nucleon originating from a helium nucleus. Results from this calculation are presented and compared to measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 11967207; Clem, John M. 1; Email Address: clem@bartol.udel.edu De Angelis, Giovanni 2,3 Goldhagen, Paul 4 Wilson, John W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA  3: Istituto Superiore di Sanita, I-00161, Rome, Italy  4: Environmental Measurements Laboratory, US Department of Homeland Security, New York, NY 10014, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldhagen, P.
AU  - Clem, J.M.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - Recent results from measurements of the energy spectrum of cosmic-ray induced neutrons aboard an ER-2 airplane and on the ground
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/06/30/
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Crews of future high-altitude commercial aircraft may be significantly exposed to atmospheric cosmic radiation from galactic cosmic rays (GCR). To help determine such exposures, the Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation Project, an international collaboration of 15 laboratories, made simultaneous radiation measurements with 14 instruments on a NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft. The primary instrument was a sensitive extended-energy multisphere neutron spectrometer, which was also used to make measurements on the ground. Its detector responses were calculated for neutrons and charged hadrons at energies up to 100 GeV using the radiation transport code MCNPX. We have now recalculated the detector responses including the effects of the airplane structure. We are also using new FLUKA calculations of GCR-induced hadron spectra in the atmosphere to correct for spectrometer counts produced by charged hadrons. Neutron spectra are unfolded from the corrected measured count rates. using the MAXED code. Results for the measured cosmic-ray neutron spectrum (thermal to >10 GeV), total neutron fluence rate, and neutron dose equivalent and effective dose rates, and their dependence on altitude and geomagnetic cutoff generally agree well with results from recent calculations of GCR-induced neutron spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - AIRPLANES
N1  - Accession Number: 11967208; Goldhagen, P. 1; Email Address: Paul.Goldhagen@eml.doe.gov Clem, J.M. 2 Wilson, J.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Environmental Measurements Laboratory, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, New York, NY 10014, USA  2: Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p35; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramé, E.
T1  - A fluid dynamics approach to modeling liquid spreading
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Predicting dynamic wetting -the displacement of one fluid by another immiscible fluid on a solid surface- is not a trivial task. The usual hydrodynamic assumptions -Newtonian, incompressible liquid, no-slip condition and rigid solid- give rise to a complicting singularity at the contact line (where the solid and the fluid-fluid interface meet) that prevents the use of the dynamic contact angle to determine the shape of the dynamic meniscus. This is a serious situation since dynamic wetting controls processes of interest not only on Earth but also in Space, where the location and movement of fluid in gas-liquid tanks is completely determined by the wetting behavior of the system. In this paper we review the modeling difficulties posed by this problem, and the efforts -theoretical and experimental- aimed at providing a method for predictive calculations of dynamic wetting and identifying controlling physics near the moving contact line. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - WETTING
KW  - GASES
KW  - RIGID dynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 11730119; Ramé, E. 1; Email Address: Enrique.Rame@gru.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research in Fluids and Combustion, c/o NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 110-3, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p129; Subject Term: WETTING; Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: RIGID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Shankar Subramanian, R.
T1  - Thermocapillary convection in a spherical container due to a stationary bubble
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We analyze the velocity and temperature fields at steady state due to thermocapillary convection around a gas bubble that is stationary in a liquid present in a spherical container. The bubble is assumed to be located concentrically within the container. The temperature distribution on the container wall is such that the temperature field in the liquid in the absence of the bubble is linear. Our interest is in the effect of convective transport of energy on the velocity and temperature fields. We assume that buoyant convection is negligible. The relevant Reynolds and Marangoni numbers are assumed to be small compared with unity. When the size of the container is large compared with the size of the bubble, the situation may be considered an approximation to the case of a stationary bubble in an unbounded liquid. In this case, when the Reynolds and Marangoni numbers are set equal to zero, the velocity field far from the bubble decays inversely with distance from it. It can be shown that this behavior of the velocity field, coupled with the linear variation of the imposed temperature far away from the bubble, leads to an ill-posedness in the problem for the perturbation temperature field for small Marangoni numbers, when the Reynolds number is zero. When the size of the container is finite, we show that the ill-posedness disappears. We obtain a perturbation temperature field that satisfies all the boundary conditions, when the Marangoni number is small compared with unity, in contrast with the case in which the bubble is present in a liquid of unbounded extent. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - LIQUIDS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 11730120; Balasubramaniam, R. 1; Email Address: bala@grc.nasa.gov Shankar Subramanian, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road Mail Stop 110-3, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, U.S.A.  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p137; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: LIQUIDS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, N.B.
AU  - Duval, W.M.B.
AU  - Thomas, A.S.W.
AU  - Glicksman, M.E.
AU  - Adam, J.D.
AU  - Zhang, H.
AU  - Golombeck, J.C.
AU  - Watson, C.
AU  - Naumman, R.
AU  - Nelson, A.E.
AU  - Cacioppo, C.
AU  - Griffin, J.
AU  - Jugrav, M.
AU  - Rolin, T.
AU  - Seaquist, J.
AU  - Daniel, N.
T1  - Microgravity experiment to understand the effect of convection on PVT crystal growth
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We have carried out very extensive theoretical and experimental studies on the physical vapour transport (PVT) growth of mercurous chloride. A microgravity experiment on the growth of mercurous chloride was designed and performed in the Space Experiment Facility (SEF) transparent furnace that was flown on Spacehab 4 (STS 77). Growth ampoules and cartridges were designed and fabricated to meet the science requirements. Two crystals were grown at the same time in the same furnace in 〈110〉 orientation at an speed of 5.5 mm/day and 8 mm/day by physical vapor transport in the microgravity condition to reduce gravity driven convection. The direct observation was made on the interface during the growth of crystals. We observed convex and detached growth for both growth runs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - PHYSICAL vapor deposition
KW  - MERCURY
KW  - CHLORIDES
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 11730130; Singh, N.B. 1; Email Address: nsingh@northropgrumman.com Duval, W.M.B. 2 Thomas, A.S.W. 3 Glicksman, M.E. 1 Adam, J.D. 1 Zhang, H. 1 Golombeck, J.C. 1 Watson, C. 4 Naumman, R. 4 Nelson, A.E. 4 Cacioppo, C. 4 Griffin, J. 4 Jugrav, M. 4 Rolin, T. 4 Seaquist, J. 4 Daniel, N. 4; Affiliation:  1: AMSDTC-ES, Northrop Grumman Corporation, 1212 Winterson Rd. Linthicum, MD 21090, U.S.A.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, U.S.A.  3: Astronaut Office, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058, U.S.A.  4: Center for Automation and Robotics, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p211; Subject Term: PHYSICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: MERCURY; Subject Term: CHLORIDES; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fragomeni, James M.
AU  - Nunes Jr., Arthur C.
T1  - A study of the effects of welding parameters on electron beam welding in the space environment
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
SN  - 12709638
AB  - This study was undertaken in order to be sure that no hazard would exist from impingement of hot molten metal particle detachments upon an astronauts'' space suit during any future electron beam welding exercises or experiments. The conditions under which molten metal detachments might occur in a space welding environment were analyzed. The safety issue is important during welding with regards to potential molten metal detachments from the weld pool and cold filler wire during electron beam welding in space. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate if molten metal could detach and come in contact with astronauts and burn through the fabric of the astronauts'' Extravehicular Mobility Unit during electron beam welding in space. Molten metal detachments from either the weld/cut substrate or weld wire could present harm to an astronaut if the detachment was to burn through the fabric of the astronauts'' space suit. Theoretical models were developed to predict the possibility and size of the molten metal detachment hazards during the electron beam welding exercises at Low Earth Orbit. Some possible ways of obtaining molten metal drop detachments would include an impulse force, or bump, to the weld sample, cut surface, or filler wire. Theoretical models were developed for these detachment concerns from principles of impact and kinetic energies, surface tension, drop geometry, surface energies, and particle dynamics. A weld pool detachment parameter for specifying the conditions for metal weld pool detachment by impact was derived and correlated to the experimental results. The experimental results were for the most part consistent with the theoretical analysis and predictions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE suits
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Welding
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - Detachments
KW  - Electron beam welding
KW  - Filler metal
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Molten metal
KW  - Space
KW  - Vacuum
N1  - Accession Number: 10505767; Fragomeni, James M. 1; Email Address: jamesfrag@yahoo.com Nunes Jr., Arthur C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Detroit, College of Engineering and Science, Detroit, MI, USA  2: Materials Processes and Manufacturing Department, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p373; Subject Term: SPACE suits; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Welding; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detachments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron beam welding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Filler metal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molten metal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vacuum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1270-9638(03)00031-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoo Fatt, Michelle S.
AU  - Lin, Chunfu
AU  - Revilock Jr., Duane M.
AU  - Hopkins, Dale A.
T1  - Ballistic impact of GLARE™ fiber–metal laminates
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 61
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Analytical solutions to predict the ballistic limit and energy absorption of fully clamped GLARE panels subjected to ballistic impact by a blunt cylinder were derived. The analytical solutions were based on test results from NASA Glenn. The ballistic limit was found through an iterative process such that the initial kinetic energy of the projectile would equal the total energy dissipated by panel deformation, delamination/debonding and fracture. The transient deformation of the panel as shear waves propagate from the point of impact was obtained from an equivalent mass–spring system, whereby the inertia and stiffness depend on the shear wave speed and time. Predictions of the ballistic limit from the resulting non-linear differential equation were within 13% of the test data. The deformation energy due to bending and membrane accounted for most of the total energy absorbed (84–92%), with the thinner panels absorbing a higher percentage of deformation energy than the thicker panels. Energy dissipated in delamination represented 2–9% of the total absorbed energy, with the thinner panels absorbing a lower percentage of delamination energy than the thicker panels. About 7% of the total energy was attributed to tensile fracture energy of the glass/epoxy and aluminum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLARE
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - Aluminum–glass/epoxy laminate
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Energy partition
KW  - Global deformation
KW  - Tensile fracture
N1  - Accession Number: 9655898; Hoo Fatt, Michelle S. 1; Email Address: hoofatt@uakron.edu Lin, Chunfu 1 Revilock Jr., Duane M. 2 Hopkins, Dale A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3903, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 61 Issue 1/2, p73; Subject Term: GLARE; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum–glass/epoxy laminate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy partition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tensile fracture; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00036-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Montero, Ruben S.
AU  - Llorente, Ignacio M.
AU  - Salas, Manuel D.
T1  - Semicoarsening smoothers for the simulation of a flat plate at yaw
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 873
SN  - 00457930
AB  - This paper presents a full multigrid solver for the simulation of flow over a yawed flat plate. The two problems associated with this simulation; boundary layers and entering flows with non-aligned characteristics, have been successfully overcome through the combination of a plane-implicit solver and semicoarsening. In fact, this multigrid algorithm exhibits a textbook multigrid convergence rate, i.e., the solution of the discrete system of equations is obtained in a fixed amount of computational work, independently of the grid size, grid stretching factor and non-alignment parameter. Also, a parallel variant of the smoother based on a four-color ordering of planes is investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - Boundary layers
KW  - Flat plate
KW  - Plane implicit smoothers
KW  - Robust multigrid
KW  - Semicoarsening
N1  - Accession Number: 8722596; Montero, Ruben S. 1,2; Email Address: rubensm@dacya.ucm.es Llorente, Ignacio M. 1,2 Salas, Manuel D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Arquitectura de Computadores y Automática, Facultad de Ciencias Fsicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain  2: ICASE, Mail Stop 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p873; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flat plate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plane implicit smoothers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robust multigrid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semicoarsening; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muravyov, Alexander A.
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - Determination of nonlinear stiffness with application to random vibration of geometrically nonlinear structures
JO  - Computers & Structures
JF  - Computers & Structures
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 81
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1513
SN  - 00457949
AB  - A novel method for determining the nonlinear modal stiffness coefficients for an arbitrary finite element model is presented. The method is applicable to a wide class of problems exhibiting bending-membrane coupling and is suitable for use with commercial finite element codes having a geometrically nonlinear static capability. The equations of motion are written in modal coordinates with the nonlinear stiffness force components written as the product of second and third order modal displacements multiplied by unknown coefficients. Prescription of particular displacement fields renders a series of inverse linear and nonlinear static problems, which are solved to determine the unknown coefficients. Verification of stiffness coefficients found using this method and their use in equivalent linearization random vibration analysis are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - Equivalent linearization
KW  - Geometric nonlinearity
KW  - Nonlinear dynamics
KW  - Nonlinear stiffness
KW  - Random vibration
N1  - Accession Number: 9710967; Muravyov, Alexander A. 1 Rizzi, Stephen A.; Email Address: Stephen.A.Rizzi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 81 Issue 15, p1513; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent linearization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometric nonlinearity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear stiffness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Random vibration; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0045-7949(03)00145-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - NEWMAN, J. A.
AU  - RIDDELL, W. T.
AU  - PIASCIK, R. S.
T1  - A threshold fatigue crack closure model: Part I – model development.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 603
EP  - 614
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - ABSTRACT A fatigue crack closure model is developed that includes the effects of, and interactions between, the three closure mechanisms most likely to occur at threshold; plasticity, roughness, and oxide. This model, herein referred to as the CROP model (for Closure, Roughness, Oxide, and Plasticity), also includes the effects of out-of-plane cracking and multi-axial loading. These features make the CROP closure model uniquely suited for, but not limited to, threshold applications. Rough cracks are idealized here as two-dimensional sawtooths, whose geometry induces mixed-mode crack-tip stresses. Continuum mechanics and crack-tip dislocation concepts are combined to relate crack face displacements to crack-tip loads. Geometric criteria are used to determine closure loads from crack-face displacements. Finite element results, used to verify model predictions, provide critical information about the locations where crack closure occurs. The CROP model is verified with experimental data in part II of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - Crack tip
KW  - Fatigue crack closure
KW  - oxide
KW  - plasticity
KW  - roughness
KW  - threshold
N1  - Accession Number: 10075683; NEWMAN, J. A. 1 RIDDELL, W. T. 2 PIASCIK, R. S. 3; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681, USA,  2: Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, DTS-76, 55 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,  3: NASA-Langley Research Center, Metals and Thermal Structures Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p603; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack tip; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue crack closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: threshold; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00660.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - NEWMAN, J. A.
AU  - RIDDELL, W. T.
AU  - PIASCIK, R. S.
T1  - A threshold fatigue crack closure model: Part II – experimental verification.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 615
EP  - 625
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - ABSTRACT Predictions from an analytical model that considers contributions and interactions between plasticity, roughness, and oxide induced crack closure are presented and compared with experimental data. The analytical model is shown to correctly predict the combined influences of crack roughness, oxide debris, and plasticity in the near-threshold regime. Furthermore, analytical results indicate closure mechanisms interact in a non-linear manner such that the total amount of closure is not the sum of closure contributions for each mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - Crack tip
KW  - Fatigue crack closure
KW  - oxide
KW  - plasticity
KW  - roughness
KW  - threshold.
N1  - Accession Number: 10075685; NEWMAN, J. A. 1 RIDDELL, W. T. 2 PIASCIK, R. S. 3; Affiliation:  1: US Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681, USA,  2: Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, DTS-76, 55 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA,  3: NASA-Langley Research Center, Metals and Thermal Structures Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p615; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack tip; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue crack closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: threshold.; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1460-2695.2003.00635.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - POTTER, CHRISTOPHER
AU  - TAN, PANG-NING
AU  - STEINBACH, MICHAEL
AU  - KLOOSTER, STEVEN
AU  - KUMAR, VIPIN
AU  - MYNENI, RANGA
AU  - GENOVESE, VANESSA
T1  - Major disturbance events in terrestrial ecosystems detected using global satellite data sets.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1021
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Abstract Ecosystem scientists have yet to develop a proven methodology to monitor and understand major disturbance events and their historical regimes at a global scale. This study was conducted to evaluate patterns in an 18-year record of global satellite observations of vegetation phenology from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) as a means to characterize major ecosystem disturbance events and regimes. The fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) by vegetation canopies worldwide has been computed at a monthly time interval from 1982 to 1999 and gridded at a spatial resolution of 0.5° latitude/longitude. Potential disturbance events of large extent (> 0.5 Mha) were identified in the FPAR time series by locating anomalously low values (FPAR-LO) that lasted longer than 12 consecutive months at any 0.5° pixel. We find that nearly 400 Mha of the global land surface could be identified with at least one FPAR-LO event over the 18-year time series. The majority of these potential disturbance events occurred in tropical savanna and shrublands or in boreal forest ecosystem classes. Verification of potential disturbance events from our FPAR-LO analysis was carried out using documented records of the timing of large-scale wildfires at locations throughout the world. Disturbance regimes were further characterized by association analysis with historical climate anomalies. Assuming accuracy of the FPAR satellite record to characterize major ecosystem disturbance events, we estimate that nearly 9 Pg of carbon could have been lost from the terrestrial biosphere to the atmosphere as a result of large-scale ecosystem disturbance over this 18-year time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Ecology
KW  - carbon
KW  - climate
KW  - disturbance
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 10106891; POTTER, CHRISTOPHER 1; TAN, PANG-NING 2; STEINBACH, MICHAEL 2; KLOOSTER, STEVEN 3; KUMAR, VIPIN 2; MYNENI, RANGA 4; GENOVESE, VANESSA 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA,; 2: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,; 3: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA,; 4: Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Issue Info: Jul2003, Vol. 9 Issue 7, p1005; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00648.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Hogan, Robert C.
T1  - Blowing in the wind: I. Velocities of chondrule-sized particles in a turbulent protoplanetary nebula
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 164
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Small but macroscopic particles—chondrules, higher temperature mineral inclusions, metal grains, and their like—dominate the fabric of primitive meteorites. The properties of these constituents, and their relationship to the fine dust grains which surround them, suggest that they led an extended existence in a gaseous protoplanetary nebula prior to their incorporation into their parent primitive bodies. In this paper we explore in some detail the velocities acquired by such particles in a turbulent nebula. We treat velocities in inertial space (relevant to diffusion), velocities relative to the gas and entrained microscopic dust (relevant to accretion of dust rims), and velocities relative to each other (relevant to collisions). We extend previous work by presenting explicit, closed-form solutions for the magnitude and size dependence of these velocities in this important particle size regime, and we compare these expressions with new numerical calculations. The magnitude and size dependence of these velocities have immediate applications to chondrule and CAI rimming by fine dust and to their diffusion in the nebula, which we explore separately. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHONDRULES
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - METEORITES
N1  - Accession Number: 10318521; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1; Email Address: cuzzi@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov Hogan, Robert C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research, Inc. Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 164 Issue 1, p127; Subject Term: CHONDRULES; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: METEORITES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00104-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, Kevin B.
AU  - Head III, James W.
AU  - Pappalardo, Robert T.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Morphology and origin of palimpsests on Ganymede based on Galileo observations
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 164
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Palimpsests are large, circular, low-relief impact scars on Ganymede and Callisto. These structures were poorly understood based on Voyager-era analysis, but high-resolution Galileo images allow more detailed inspection. We analyze images of four Ganymedean palimpsests targeted by Galileo: Memphis and Buto Faculae, Epigeus, and Zakar. Ganymedean craters and Europan ring structures are used as tools to help better understand palimpsests, based on morphologic similarities. From analysis of Galileo images, palimpsests consist of four surface units: central plains, an unoriented massif facies, a concentric massif facies, and outer deposits. Using as a tie point the location in these structures where secondary craters begin to appear, outer deposits of palimpsests are analogous to the outer ejecta facies of craters; the concentric massif facies of palimpsests are analogous to the pedestal facies of craters; and the unoriented massif facies and central plains are analogous to crater interiors. These analogies are supported by the presence of buried preexisting structure beneath the outer two and absence of buried structure beneath the inner two units. Our observations indicate that palimpsest deposits represent fluidized impact ejecta, rather than cryovolcanic deposits or ancient crater interiors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PALIMPSESTS
KW  - MORPHOLOGY
KW  - CALLISTO (Satellite)
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Europa
KW  - Ganymede
KW  - Impact processes
N1  - Accession Number: 10318527; Jones, Kevin B. 1; Email Address: kjones@geo.arizona.edu Head III, James W. 1 Pappalardo, Robert T. 1 Moore, Jeffrey M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Box 1846, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 164 Issue 1, p197; Subject Term: PALIMPSESTS; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: CALLISTO (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Europa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ganymede; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00128-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Amador, Jose
T1  - A pose-invariant approach for hypothesis support<FNR></FNR><FN>This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. </FN>.
JO  - International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology
JF  - International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 207
SN  - 08999457
AB  - This article presents a tractable and empirically accurate algorithm realizing a midlevel visual process for pattern recognition. The algorithm takes advantage of hypotheses provided by a high-level visual process, thereby, attempting to extract a region in an image based on these hypotheses. The main focus is to recognize quadrilateral as well as arbitrarily shaped objects from synthetic and real-world images. The novel approach is based on a study of the Hough Transform and its generalized version. To show overall usefulness of the algorithm, an extensive series of experiments was performed. In particular, occlusion and multiple object-instances were tested, indicating the effectiveness of this work's approach.© 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 13, 201–207;2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ima.10056 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - IMAGE transmission
KW  - PHOTOGRAPHS
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - generalized Hough transform
KW  - Hough transform
KW  - inverse Hough transform
N1  - Accession Number: 13508416; J. Amador, Jose 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) /John F. Kennedy Space Center KSC, FL 32899; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p201; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: IMAGE transmission; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAPHS; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: generalized Hough transform; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hough transform; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse Hough transform; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/ima.10056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen
AU  - P.
AU  - Ng
AU  - H. T.
AU  - Kong
AU  - J.
AU  - Cassell
AU  - A. M.
AU  - Quinn
AU  - R.
AU  - Li
AU  - Han
AU  - McNeil
AU  - M.
AU  - Meyyappan
T1  - Epitaxial Directional Growth of Indium-Doped Tin Oxide Nanowire Arrays.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 3
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 925
EP  - 928
SN  - 15306984
AB  - In this report, we show controlled in-situ doping of a single crystalline metal oxide nanowire, using indium-doped tin oxide (In-SnO2) as an example, during a heteroepitaxial growth process. Highly regular and high-density arrays of In-SnO2 nanowires, which demonstrate three- and four-fold growth symmetry, are obtained directly on optical sapphire substrates. Similar synthesis strategies, involving careful selection of desired growth conditions and smart manipulation of favorable thermodynamic properties, could be extended to production of various doped metal oxide nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - EPITAXY
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - TIN compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 11993371; Nguyen P. 1 Ng H. T. 1 Kong J. 1 Cassell A. M. 1 Quinn R. 1 Li Han McNeil M. 1 Meyyappan; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Department of Chemical Engineering, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 3 Issue 7, p925; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: EPITAXY; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: TIN compounds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li
AU  - J.
AU  - Lu
AU  - Y.
AU  - Ye
AU  - Q.
AU  - Cinke
AU  - M.
AU  - Han
AU  - Meyyappan
T1  - Carbon Nanotube Sensors for Gas and Organic Vapor Detection.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 3
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 929
EP  - 933
SN  - 15306984
AB  - A gas sensor, fabricated by the simple casting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) on an interdigitated electrode (IDE), is presented for gas and organic vapor detection at room temperature. The sensor responses are linear for concentrations of sub ppm to hundreds of ppm with detection limits of 44 ppb for NO2 and 262 ppb for nitrotoluene. The time is on the order of seconds for the detection response and minutes for the recovery. The variation of the sensitivity is less than 6% for all of the tested devices, comparable with commercial metal oxide or polymer microfilm sensors while retaining the room-temperature high sensitivity of the SWNT transistor sensors and manufacturability of the commercial sensors. The extended detection capability from gas to organic vapors is attributed to direct charge transfer on individual semiconducting SWNT conductivity with additional electron hopping effects on intertube conductivity through physically adsorbed molecules between SWNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ADSORPTION
N1  - Accession Number: 11993372; Li J. 1 Lu Y. 1 Ye Q. 1 Cinke M. 1 Han Meyyappan; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 3 Issue 7, p929; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Dazhi
AU  - Mei, Renwei
AU  - Luo, Li-Shi
AU  - Shyy, Wei
T1  - Viscous flow computations with the method of lattice Boltzmann equation
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
SN  - 03760421
AB  - The method of lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) is a kinetic-based approach for fluid flow computations. This method has been successfully applied to the multi-phase and multi-component flows. To extend the application of LBE to high Reynolds number incompressible flows, some critical issues need to be addressed, noticeably flexible spatial resolution, boundary treatments for curved solid wall, dispersion and mode of relaxation, and turbulence model. Recent developments in these aspects are highlighted in this paper. These efforts include the study of force evaluation methods, the development of multi-block methods which provide a means to satisfy different resolution requirement in the near wall region and the far field and reduce the memory requirement and computational time, the progress in constructing the second-order boundary condition for curved solid wall, and the analyses of the single-relaxation-time and multiple-relaxation-time models in LBE. These efforts have lead to successful applications of the LBE method to the simulation of incompressible laminar flows and demonstrated the potential of applying the LBE method to higher Reynolds flows. The progress in developing thermal and compressible LBE models and the applications of LBE method in multi-phase flows, multi-component flows, particulate suspensions, turbulent flow, and micro-flows are reviewed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - Boundary condition
KW  - Force evaluation
KW  - Grid refinement
KW  - Lattice Boltzmann equation
KW  - Multi-block
KW  - Multi-relaxation-time
KW  - Single-relaxation-time
N1  - Accession Number: 9906234; Yu, Dazhi 1 Mei, Renwei 1; Email Address: rwm@mae.ufl.edu Luo, Li-Shi 2 Shyy, Wei 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, 231 Aerospace Building P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, USA  2: ICASE, MS 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, 3 West Reid Street, Building 1152, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p329; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary condition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Force evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grid refinement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lattice Boltzmann equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-block; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-relaxation-time; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-relaxation-time; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0376-0421(03)00003-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petrovay, K.
T1  - A Consistent one-Dimensional Model for the Turbulent Tachocline.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 215
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
EP  - 30
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
AB  - The first consistent model for the turbulent tachocline is presented, with the turbulent diffusivity computed within the model instead of being specified arbitrarily. For the origin of the 3D turbulence a new mechanism is proposed. Owing to the strongly stable stratification, the mean radial shear is stable, while the horizontal shear is expected to drive predominantly horizontal, quasi-2D motions in thin slabs. Here I suggest that a major source of 3D overturning turbulent motions in the tachocline is the secondary shear instability due to the strong, random vertical shear arising between the uncorrelated horizontal flows in neighboring slabs. A formula for the vertical diffusivity due to this turbulence, Equation (9), is derived and applied in a simplified 1D model of the tachocline. It is found that Maxwell stresses due to an oscillatory poloidal magnetic field of a few hundred gauss are able to confine the tachocline to a thickness less than 5 Mm. The integral scale of the 3D overturning turbulence is the buoyancy scale, on the order of 10 km, and its velocity amplitude is a few m s-1, yielding a vertical turbulent diffusivity on the order of 108 cm2 s-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR waves
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 16859251; Petrovay, K. 1; Affiliation:  1: Eötvös University, Dept. of Astronomy, Budapest, Pf. 32, H-1518 Hungary and Center for Turbulence Research, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 215 Issue 1, p17; Subject Term: SHEAR waves; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuselier, S.A.
AU  - Mende, S.B.
AU  - Moore, T.E.
AU  - Frey, H.U.
AU  - Petrinec, S.M.
AU  - Claflin, E.S.
AU  - Collier, M.R.
T1  - Cusp dynamics and ionospheric outflow.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 109
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 285
EP  - 312
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - One of the IMAGE mission science goals is to understand the dayside auroral oval and its dynamic relationship to the magnetosphere. Two ways the auroral oval is dynamically coupled to the magnetosphere are through the injection of magnetosheath plasma into the magnetospheric cusps and through the ejection of ionospheric plasma into the magnetosphere. The ionospheric footpoints of the Earth's magnetospheric cusps are relatively narrow regions in invariant latitude that map magnetically to the magnetopause. Monitoring the cusp reveals two important aspects of magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause. Continuous cusp observations reveal the relative contributions of quasi-steady versus impulsive reconnection to the overall transfer of mass, energy, and momentum across the magnetopause. The location of the cusp is used to determine where magnetic reconnection is occurring on the magnetopause. Of particular interest is the distinction between anti-parallel reconnection, where the magneto sheath and magneto spheric field lines are strictly anti-parallel, and component merging, where the magnetosheath and magnetospheric field lines have one component that is anti-parallel. IMAGE observations suggest that quasi-steady, anti-parallel reconnection is occurring in regions at the dayside magnetopause. However, it is difficult to rule out additional component reconnection using these observations. The ionospheric footpoint of the cusp is also a region of relatively intense ionospheric outflow. Since outflow also occurs in other regions of the auroral oval, one of the long-standing problems has been to determine the relative contributions of the cusp/cleft and the rest of the auroral oval to the overall ionospheric ion content in the Earth's magnetosphere. While the nature of ionospheric outflow has made it difficult to resolve this long-standing problem, the new neutral atom images from IMAGE have provided important evidence that ionospheric outflow is strongly controlled by solar wind input, is `prompt' in response to changes in the solar wind, and may have very narrow and distinct pitch angle structures and charge exchange altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLAR cusp
KW  - AURORAS
KW  - POLAR ionosphere
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - MAGNETOPAUSE
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - SOLAR activity
N1  - Accession Number: 15102656; Fuselier, S.A. 1 Mende, S.B. 2 Moore, T.E. 3 Frey, H.U. 2 Petrinec, S.M. 1 Claflin, E.S. 1 Collier, M.R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center  2: University of California, Berkeley  3: Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: Jun2003, Vol. 109 Issue 1-4, p285; Subject Term: POLAR cusp; Subject Term: AURORAS; Subject Term: POLAR ionosphere; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: MAGNETOPAUSE; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, Gennady L.
AU  - Andrews, Lester
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
T1  - Similarities and differences in the structure of 3d-metal monocarbides and monoxides.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2003/07//
VL  - 109
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 308
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - The structure and properties of the monocarbides ScC, TiC, VC, CrC, MnC, FeC, CoC, NiC, CuC, ZnC and their negatively and positively charged ions together with 3d-metal monoxide cations are calculated by density functional theory (DFT) and hybrid DFT methods. In addition to the spectroscopic constants, the computed properties include the electron affinities, ionization energies, and dissociation energies. These results along with our previous results for the neutral and negatively charged 3d-metal monoxides allow a detailed comparison of similarity and differences in the bonding of the metal oxides and carbides. These results are compared with results obtained using other theoretical approaches and with experiment. Chemical bonding, analyzed using the natural bond orbital scheme, was found to be rather different in the 3d-metal monocarbides and monoxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBIDE industry
KW  - CHEMICAL industry
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - IONS
KW  - 3d-metal monocarbide
KW  - 3d-metal monoxide
KW  - Density functional theory
KW  - Electron affinity
KW  - Ionization energy
N1  - Accession Number: 16984221; Gutsev, Gennady L. 1; Email Address: ggutsev@mail.arc.nasa.gov Andrews, Lester 2 Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, VA 22901, Charlottesville, USA  3: Space Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, 94035, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 109 Issue 6, p298; Subject Term: CARBIDE industry; Subject Term: CHEMICAL industry; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Subject Term: IONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3d-metal monocarbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3d-metal monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Density functional theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron affinity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionization energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-003-0428-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Sanuki, T.
AU  - Anraku, K.
AU  - Asaoka, Y.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Ikeda, N.
AU  - Imori, M.
AU  - Izumi, K.
AU  - Maeno, T.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Matsui, N.
AU  - Matsukawa, T.
AU  - Matsumoto, H.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, S.
T1  - Measurements of proton, helium and muon spectra at small atmospheric depths with the BESS spectrometer
JO  - Physics Letters B
JF  - Physics Letters B
Y1  - 2003/07/03/
VL  - 564
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
SN  - 03702693
AB  - The cosmic-ray proton, helium, and muon spectra at small atmospheric depths of 4.5–28 g<f>/cm2</f> were precisely measured during the slow descending period of the BESS-2001 balloon flight. The variation of atmospheric secondary particle fluxes as a function of atmospheric depth provides fundamental information to study hadronic interactions of the primary cosmic rays with the atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physics Letters B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MUONS
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - Atmospheric muon
KW  - Atmospheric neutrino
KW  - Cosmic-ray helium
KW  - Cosmic-ray proton
KW  - Superconducting spectrometer
N1  - Accession Number: 9951921; Abe, K. 1; Email Address: abe@icepp.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Sanuki, T. 1 Anraku, K. 1 Asaoka, Y. 1 Fuke, H. 1 Haino, S. 1 Ikeda, N. 2 Imori, M. 1 Izumi, K. 1 Maeno, T. 2 Makida, Y. 3 Matsuda, S. 1 Matsui, N. 1 Matsukawa, T. 2 Matsumoto, H. 1 Mitchell, J.W. 4 Moiseev, A.A. 4 Nishimura, J. 1 Nozaki, M. 2 Orito, S. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  3: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 564 Issue 1/2, p8; Subject Term: MUONS; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric muon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric neutrino; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray helium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray proton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconducting spectrometer; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00676-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keesecker, Amy L.
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
AU  - Johnson, Eric R.
AU  - Starnes Jr., James H.
T1  - Crack path bifurcation at a tear strap in a pressurized shell
JO  - Computers & Structures
JF  - Computers & Structures
Y1  - 2003/07/15/
VL  - 81
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 1633
SN  - 00457949
AB  - Bifurcation of an initially longitudinal through crack in an internally pressurized cylindrical shell at a circumferential stiffener is investigated using a finite element analysis. The finite element model is developed from a fracture test of an aluminum shell having a 22.9 cm radius, a 1.02 mm wall thickness, and stiffened by two externally bonded circumferential straps spaced 40.6 cm apart. After initial stable crack growth in the longitudinal direction with increasing pressure, the crack propagated dynamically toward the strap, bifurcated near the strap into circumferential branches running parallel to the straps. Stable and unstable crack growth curves of pressure versus half-crack length are determined from the nonlinear analysis using a critical value of the crack tip opening angle as the criterion to predict crack growth. Although the crack growth curves are determined from a static analysis, they corroborate the test results for the location of crack path bifurcation. Also, the principal stress criterion for predicting crack turning is consistent with the test. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NONLINEAR functional analysis
KW  - Crack growth
KW  - Cylindrical shell
KW  - Experiment
KW  - Internal pressure
KW  - Nonlinear analysis
KW  - Tear strap
N1  - Accession Number: 9899828; Keesecker, Amy L. 1 Dávila, Carlos G. 2 Johnson, Eric R. 3 Starnes Jr., James H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Naval Architect, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Marine Composites Branch, Code 6552, Carderock Division, 9500 MacArthur Blvd., West Bethesda, MD 20817-5700, USA  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Analytical and Computational Methods Branch, MS 240, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681, USA  3: Aerospace and Ocean Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg VA 24061-0203, USA  4: Chief Engineer of the Structures and Materials Competency, MS 190, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 81 Issue 16, p1633; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NONLINEAR functional analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cylindrical shell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experiment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Internal pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tear strap; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0045-7949(03)00165-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Levy, Doron
T1  - High-order semi-discrete central-upwind schemes for multi-dimensional Hamilton–Jacobi equations
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2003/07/20/
VL  - 189
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
SN  - 00219991
AB  - We present the first fifth-order, semi-discrete central-upwind method for approximating solutions of multi-dimensional Hamilton–Jacobi equations. Unlike most of the commonly used high-order upwind schemes, our scheme is formulated as a Godunov-type scheme. The scheme is based on the fluxes of Kurganov–Tadmor and Kurganov–Noelle–Petrova, and is derived for an arbitrary number of space dimensions. A theorem establishing the monotonicity of these fluxes is provided. The spatial discretization is based on a weighted essentially non-oscillatory reconstruction of the derivative. The accuracy and stability properties of our scheme are demonstrated in a variety of examples. A comparison between our method and other fifth-order schemes for Hamilton–Jacobi equations shows that our method exhibits smaller errors without any increase in the complexity of the computations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JACOBI method
KW  - TOPOLOGY
KW  - Central schemes
KW  - CWENO
KW  - Hamilton–Jacobi equations
KW  - High order
KW  - Monotone fluxes
KW  - Semi-discrete schemes
KW  - WENO
N1  - Accession Number: 10159004; Bryson, Steve 1; Email Address: bryson@nas.nasa.gov Levy, Doron 2; Email Address: dlevy@math.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Program in Scientific Computing and Computational Mathematics, Stanford University and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2125, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 189 Issue 1, p63; Subject Term: JACOBI method; Subject Term: TOPOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: CWENO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hamilton–Jacobi equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monotone fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-discrete schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00201-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cinke, Martin
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - CO2 adsorption in single-walled carbon nanotubes
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/07/31/
VL  - 376
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 761
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Adsorption of CO2 on purified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been studied in the temperature range of 0–200 °C and found to be mainly a physisorption process. The SWNTs adsorb nearly twice the volume of CO2 compared to activated carbon. The experimental results yield a CO2 heat of adsorption of 2303 J/mol (0.024 eV) in SWNTs. Our computational study yields a similar binding energy and shows that the CO2 is physisorbed side-on to the nanotube. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - NANOTUBES
N1  - Accession Number: 10356773; Cinke, Martin Li, Jing; Email Address: jingli@mail.arc.nasa.gov Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 1 Ricca, Alessandra Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2003, Vol. 376 Issue 5/6, p761; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0009-2614(03)01124-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - George, Thomas
AU  - Powers, Robert
T1  - Closing the TRL gap.
JO  - Aerospace America
JF  - Aerospace America
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 41
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 26
SN  - 0740722X
AB  - Focuses on the emergence of the technology development level (TRL) gap in the development of advanced aerospace technologies.  National Aeronautics and Space Administration's use of the TRL scale for assessing the maturity of a particular technology; Identification of TRL gap as the problem of efficiently transitioning a technology from concept to viable product; Introduction of a close analog of the TRL scale called the S-curve.
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
N1  - Accession Number: 10616867; George, Thomas 1 Powers, Robert; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 41 Issue 8, p24; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Byron Pipes, R.
AU  - Frankland, S.J.V.
AU  - Hubert, Pascal
AU  - Saether, Erik
T1  - Self-consistent properties of carbon nanotubes and hexagonal arrays as composite reinforcements
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 63
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1349
SN  - 02663538
AB  - A self-consistent set of relationships is developed for the physical properties of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) and their hexagonal arrays as a function of the chiral vector integer pair, (n,m). Properties include effective radius, density, principal Young''s modulus, and specific Young''s modulus. Relationships between weight fraction and volume fraction of SWCN and their arrays are developed for the full range of polymeric mixtures. Examples are presented for various values of polymer density and for multiple SWCN diameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - Single wall carbon nanotubes
N1  - Accession Number: 10008424; Byron Pipes, R. 1; Email Address: bpipes@uakron.edu Frankland, S.J.V. 2 Hubert, Pascal 3 Saether, Erik 4; Affiliation:  1: The University of Akron, Polymer Engineering Academic Center, Akron, OH 44325-0301, USA  2: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2K6  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 63 Issue 10, p1349; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single wall carbon nanotubes; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00020-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, R.
AU  - Zhou, Ye
T1  - Schiestel's derivation of the epsilon equation and two-equation modelling of rotating turbulence
JO  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
JF  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 633
SN  - 08981221
AB  - As part of a more general program of developing multiple-scale models of turbulence, Schiestel suggested a derivation of the homogeneous part of the dissipation rate transport equation. Schiestel''s approach is generalized to rotating turbulence. The resulting model reproduces the main features observed in decaying rotating turbulence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Mathematics with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - Dissipation rate equation
KW  - Multiple-scale turbulence models
KW  - Rotating turbulence
KW  - Two-equation turbulence models
N1  - Accession Number: 11729764; Rubinstein, R. 1 Zhou, Ye 2; Affiliation:  1: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.  2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA 94551, U.S.A.; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p633; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissipation rate equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple-scale turbulence models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotating turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-equation turbulence models; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koken, Petra J.M.
AU  - Piver, Warren T.
AU  - Ye, Frank
AU  - Elixhauser, Anne
AU  - Olsen, Lola M.
AU  - Portier, Christopher J.
T1  - Temperature, Air Pollution, and Hospitalization for Cardiovascular Diseases among Elderly People in Denver.
JO  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF  - Environmental Health Perspectives
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 111
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1312
EP  - 1317
PB  - Superintendent of Documents
SN  - 00916765
AB  - Daily measures of maximum temperature, particulate matter ≤ 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM[sub 10]), and gaseous pollution (ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide) were collected in Denver, Colorado, in July and August between 1993 and 1997. We then compared these exposures with concurrent data on the number of daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases in men and women > 65 years of age. Generalized linear models, assuming a Poisson error structure for the selected cardiovascular disease hospital admissions, were constructed to evaluate the associations with air pollution and temperature. After adjusting the admission data for yearly trends, day-of-week effects, ambient maximum temperature, and dew point temperature, we studied the associations of the pollutants in single-pollutant models with lag times of 0-4 days. The results suggest that O[sub 3] is associated with an increase in the risk of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, coronary atherosderosis, and pulmonary heart disease. SO[sub 2] appears to be related to increased hospital stays for cardiac dysrhythmias, and CO is significantly associated with congestive heart failure. No association was found between particulate matter or NO[sub 2] and any of the health outcomes. Males tend to have higher numbers of hospital admissions than do females for all of the selected cardiovascular diseases, except for congestive heart failure. Higher temperatures appear to be an important factor in increasing the frequency of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, and are associated with a decrease in the frequency of visits for coronary atherosclerosis and pulmonary heart disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of Superintendent of Documents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GASES
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - DENVER (Colo.)
KW  - COLORADO
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 10661510; Koken, Petra J.M. 1 Piver, Warren T. 1 Ye, Frank 1 Elixhauser, Anne 2 Olsen, Lola M. 3 Portier, Christopher J. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA  2: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, Maryland, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Maryland, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 111 Issue 10, p1312; Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: DENVER (Colo.); Subject Term: COLORADO; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Mennella, V.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
AU  - Sicardy, B.
T1  - Observations with the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) during Cassini's flyby of Jupiter
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 164
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 461
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) is an imaging spectrometer covering the wavelength range 0.3–5.2 μm in 352 spectral channels, with a nominal instantaneous field of view of 0.5 mrad. The Cassini flyby of Jupiter represented a unique opportunity to accomplish two important goals: scientific observations of the jovian system and functional tests of the VIMS instrument under conditions similar to those expected to obtain during Cassini''s 4-year tour of the saturnian system. Results acquired over a complete range of visual to near-infrared wavelengths from 0.3 to 5.2 μm are presented. First detections include methane fluorescence on Jupiter, a surprisingly high opposition surge on Europa, the first visual-near-IR spectra of Himalia and Jupiter''s optically-thin ring system, and the first near-infrared observations of the rings over an extensive range of phase angles (0–120°). Similarities in the center-to-limb profiles of H<f>+3</f> and CH4 emissions indicate that the H<f>+3</f> ionospheric density is solar-controlled outside of the auroral regions. The existence of jovian NH3 absorption at 0.93 μm is confirmed. Himalia has a slightly reddish spectrum, an apparent absorption near 3 μm, and a geometric albedo of <f>0.06±0.01</f> at 2.2 μm (assuming an 85-km radius). If the 3-μm feature in Himalia''s spectrum is eventually confirmed, it would be suggestive of the presence of water in some form, either free, bound, or incorporated in layer-lattice silicates. Finally, a mean ring-particle radius of 10 μm is found to be consistent with Mie-scattering models fit to VIMS near-infrared observations acquired over 0–120° phase angle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - Cassini mission
KW  - Jovian satellites
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Jupiter's ring
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Planetary surfaces
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 10424778; Brown, R.H. 1; Email Address: rhb@lpl.arizona.edu Baines, K.H. 2 Bellucci, G. 3 Bibring, J.-P. 4 Buratti, B.J. 2 Capaccioni, F. 5 Cerroni, P. 5 Clark, R.N. 6 Coradini, A. 5 Cruikshank, D.P. 7 Drossart, P. 8 Formisano, V. 3 Jaumann, R. 9 Langevin, Y. 4 Matson, D.L. 2 McCord, T.B. 10,11 Mennella, V. 12 Nelson, R.M. 2 Nicholson, P.D. 13 Sicardy, B. 8; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Lab and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AR 85721, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Instituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Rome, Italy  4: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris, Orsay, France  5: Instituto di Astrofisica Spatiale, CNR, Rome, Italy  6: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80255, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France  9: Institute for Planetary Exploration, DLR, Berlin, Germany  10: University of Hawaii, HIGP/SOEST, Honolulu, HI 98195, USA  11: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  12: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Rome, Italy  13: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 164 Issue 2, p461; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jovian satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter's ring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00134-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaufman, Yoram J.
AU  - Tanre, Didier
AU  - Leon, Jean-Francois
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
T1  - Retrievals of Profiles of Fine and Coarse Aerosols Using Lidar and Radiometric Space Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 41
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1743
EP  - 1754
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Describes an inversion method developed to invert simultaneously Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder satellite Observations data over glint-free ocean.  Example of four aerosol size distribution that demonstrates the importance of MODIS to disentangle the aerosol properties; Analysis of the information content of MODIS and lidar data.
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OPTICAL radar
N1  - Accession Number: 10763312; Kaufman, Yoram J. 1 Tanre, Didier 2 Leon, Jean-Francois 2 Pelon, Jacques 3; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center  2: Universite de Sciences et Techniques de Lille  3: Universite Pierre de Marie Curie; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 41 Issue 8, p1743; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornby, Gregory S.
AU  - Lipson, Hod
AU  - Pollack, Jordan B.
T1  - Generative Representations for the Automated Design of Modular Physical Robots.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics & Automation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics & Automation
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 703
EP  - 719
SN  - 1042296X
AB  - The field of evolutionary robotics has demonstrated the ability to automatically design the morphology and controller of simple physical robots through synthetic evolutionary processes. However, it is not clear if variation-based search processes can attain the complexity of design necessary for practical engineering of robots. Here, we demonstrate an automatic design system that produces complex robots by exploiting the principles of regularity, modularity, hierarchy, and reuse. These techniques are already established principles of scaling in engineering design and have been observed in nature, but have not been broadly used in artificial evolution. We gain these advantages through the use of a generative representation, which combines a programmatic representation with an algorithmic process that compiles the representation into a detailed construction plan. This approach is shown to have two benefits: it can reuse components in regular and hierarchical ways, providing a systematic way to create more complex modules from simpler ones; and the evolved representations can capture intrinsic properties of the design space, so that variations in the representations move through the design space more effectively than equivalent-sized changes in a non-generative representation. Using this system, we demonstrate for the first time the evolution and construction of modular, three-dimensional, physically locomoting robots, comprising many more components than previous work on body-brain evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics & Automation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - AUTOMATION
N1  - Accession Number: 10770294; Hornby, Gregory S. 1; Email Address: hornby@email.arc.nasa.gov Lipson, Hod 2; Email Address: Hod.Lipson@cornell.edu Pollack, Jordan B. 3; Email Address: pollack@cs.brandeis.edu; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, USA  2: Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department, Cornell University, NY  3: Computer Science Department, Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p703; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 11 Black and White Photographs, 26 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Catalano, Pietro
AU  - Wang, Meng
AU  - Iaccarino, Gianluca
AU  - Moin, Parviz
T1  - Numerical simulation of the flow around a circular cylinder at high Reynolds numbers
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 463
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - The viability and accuracy of large-eddy simulation (LES) with wall modeling for high Reynolds number complex turbulent flows is investigated by considering the flow around a circular cylinder in the supercritical regime. A simple wall stress model is employed to provide approximate boundary conditions to the LES. The results are compared with those obtained from steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solutions and the available experimental data. The LES solutions are shown to be considerably more accurate than the RANS results. They capture correctly the delayed boundary layer separation and reduced drag coefficients consistent with experimental measurements after the drag crisis. The mean pressure distribution is predicted reasonably well at <f>ReD=5×105</f> and 106. However, the Reynolds number dependence is not captured, and the solution becomes less accurate at increased Reynolds numbers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - Circular cylinder
KW  - High Reynolds number flows
KW  - Large-eddy simulation
KW  - Navier–Stokes equations
KW  - Unsteady RANS
KW  - Wall modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 9858015; Catalano, Pietro 1; Email Address: p.catalano@cira.it Wang, Meng 2 Iaccarino, Gianluca 2 Moin, Parviz 2; Affiliation:  1: CIRA––Italian Aerospace Research Center, 81043 Capua (CE), Italy  2: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University/NASA Ames Research Center, Stanford, CA 94305-3030, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p463; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circular cylinder; Author-Supplied Keyword: High Reynolds number flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large-eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady RANS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wall modeling; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0142-727X(03)00061-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Qin, Zhanming
AU  - R. Ambur, Damodar
T1  - Implications of warping restraint on statics and dynamics of elastically tailored thin-walled composite beams
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Sciences
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1247
EP  - 1267
SN  - 00207403
AB  - Static response and free vibration of elastically tailored thin-walled beams accounting for the warping restraint effect are investigated via an exact solution methodology within the context of a refined beam model. Analytical results obtained from the restrained warping model are compared with those based on its Saint–Venant model counterpart. It is revealed that the beam slenderness and thickness ratio, as well as the elastic anisotropy, considered in conjunction with the warping restraint have profound effects on the static and dynamic response characteristics. It is also shown that even for anisotropic composite thin-walled beams with high slenderness ratios, warping restraint can still be significant, implying the inadequacy of merely considering the geometric aspects in the modeling of anisotropic composite thin-walled beams. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Mechanical Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GIRDERS -- Vibration
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - Anisotropic
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Elastic tailoring
KW  - Saint–Venant twist
KW  - Thin-walled beams
KW  - Warping restraint
N1  - Accession Number: 22237469; Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Qin, Zhanming 1 R. Ambur, Damodar 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Cose (0219) Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, USA  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p1247; Subject Term: GIRDERS -- Vibration; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic tailoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saint–Venant twist; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin-walled beams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Warping restraint; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2003.10.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Noor, Ahmed K.
AU  - Bechtel, Stephen E.
AU  - Ghosh, Somnath
T1  - International Journal of Solids and Structures honoring the 70th birthday of Arthur W. Leissa
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 40
IS  - 16
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 4093
SN  - 00207683
N1  - Accession Number: 10058888; Noor, Ahmed K. 1; Email Address: a.k.noor@larc.nasa.gov Bechtel, Stephen E. 2 Ghosh, Somnath 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Advanced Engineering Environments, Old Dominion University, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 269, Mail Stop 201, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA  3: Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 4 3210, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 40 Issue 16, p4093; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00219-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Song, J.
AU  - Peters, J.
AU  - Noor, A.
AU  - Michaleris, P.
T1  - Sensitivity analysis of the thermomechanical response of welded joints
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 40
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4167
SN  - 00207683
AB  - A computational procedure is presented for evaluating the sensitivity coefficients of the thermomechanical response of welded structures. Uncoupled thermomechanical analysis, with transient thermal analysis and quasi-static mechanical analysis, is performed. A rate independent, small deformation thermo-elasto-plastic material model with temperature-dependent material properties is adopted in the study. The temperature field is assumed to be independent of the stresses and strains. The heat transfer equations emanating from a finite element semi-discretization are integrated using an implicit backward difference scheme to generate the time history of the temperatures. The mechanical response during welding is then calculated by solving a generalized plane strain problem. First- and second-order sensitivity coefficients of the thermal and mechanical response quantities (derivatives with respect to various thermomechanical parameters) are evaluated using a direct differentiation approach in conjunction with an automatic differentiation software facility. Numerical results are presented for a double fillet conventional welding of a stiffener and a base plate made of stainless steel AL-6XN material. Time histories of the response and sensitivity coefficients, and their spatial distributions at selected times are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical treatment
KW  - SENSITIVITY theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Finite element analysis
KW  - Lagrangian frame
KW  - Residual stresses
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Thermal analysis
KW  - Welding
N1  - Accession Number: 10058894; Song, J. 1 Peters, J. 2 Noor, A. 2,3; Email Address: a.k.noor@larc.nasa.gov Michaleris, P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, 232 Reber Building, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Center for Advanced Engineering Environments, Old Dominion University, MS 201 NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: University of Florida, Gainesville, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 40 Issue 16, p4167; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical treatment; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lagrangian frame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensitivity analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Welding; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0020-7683(03)00223-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
T1  - Twilight Irradiance Reflected by the Earth Estimated from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 16
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2646
EP  - 2650
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The upward shortwave irradiance at the top of the atmosphere when the solar zenith angle is greater than 908 (twilight irradiance) is estimated from radiance measurements by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. The irradiance decreases with solar zenith angle from 7.5 W m[SUP-2] at 90.5° to 0.6 W m[SUP-2] at 95.5°. The global and daily average twilight irradiance is 0.2 W m[SUP-2], which is three orders of magnitude smaller than the daily and global average reflected irradiance at the top of the atmosphere. Therefore, the twilight irradiance can be neglected in global radiation budget estimate. The daily average twilight irradiance, however, can be more than 1 W m[SUP-2] at polar regions during seasons when the sun stays just below the horizon for a long period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Irradiation
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Twilight
KW  - Earth (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 10389293; Kato, Seiji 1,2; Email Address: s.kato@larc.nasa.gov; Loeb, Norman G. 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Corresponding author address: Dr. Seiji Kato, Mail Stop 420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199.; Issue Info: Aug2003, Vol. 16 Issue 15, p2646; Thesaurus Term: Irradiation; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Twilight; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrei P. Sommer
AU  - Uri Oron
AU  - Anne-Marié Pretorius
AU  - David S. McKay
AU  - Neva Ciftcioglu
AU  - Adam R. Mester
AU  - E. Olavi Kajander
AU  - Harry T. Whelan
T1  - A Preliminary Investigation into Light-Modulated Replication of Nanobacteria and Heart Disease.
JO  - Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery
JF  - Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 231
SN  - 10445471
AB  - Objective: The purpose of this preliminary study is to evaluate the effect of various wavelengths of light on nanobacteria (NB). Background Data: NB and mitochondria use light for biological processes. NB have been described as multifunctional primordial nanovesicles with the potential to utilize solar energy for replication. NB produce slime, a process common to living bacteria. Slime release is an evolutionary important stress-dependent phenomenon increasing the survival chance of individual bacteria in a colony. In the cardiovascular system, stress-induced bacterial colony formation may lead to a deposition of plaque. Methods: Cultured NB were irradiated with NASA-LEDs at different wavelengths of light: 670, 728 and 880 nm. Light intensities were about 500k Wm-2, and energy density was 1 × 104 J m-2. Results: Monochromatic light clearly affected replication of NB. Maximum replication was achieved at 670 nm. Conclusions: The results indicate that suitable wavelengths of light could be instrumental in elevating the vitality level of NB, preventing the production of NB-mediated slime, and simultaneously increasing the vitality level of mitochondria. The finding could stimulate the design of cooperative therapy concepts that could reduce death caused by myocardial infarcts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Clinical Laser Medicine & Surgery is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVE mechanics
KW  - MITOCHONDRIA
KW  - HUMAN biology
N1  - Accession Number: 10766127; Andrei P. Sommer 1 Uri Oron 2 Anne-Marié Pretorius 3 David S. McKay 4 Neva Ciftcioglu 5 Adam R. Mester 6 E. Olavi Kajander 7 Harry T. Whelan 8; Affiliation:  1: Central Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany  2: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel  3: National Health Laboratory Services, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058  5: Universities Space Research Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058  6: Department of Radiology and Oncotherapy, Semmelweis University of Medicine, 1082 Budapest, Hungary  7: Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, 70211 Kuopio, Finland  8: Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p231; Subject Term: WAVE mechanics; Subject Term: MITOCHONDRIA; Subject Term: HUMAN biology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Nguyen, QuynhGiao N.
AU  - Humphrey, Donald L.
AU  - Lewton, Susan M.
T1  - Paralinear Oxidation of Silicon Nitride in a Water-Vapor/Oxygen Environment.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 86
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1256
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Determines the oxidation behavior of three silicon nitride materials in dry oxygen flowing at a specific high-temperature range.  Parabolic behavior in dry oxygen; Paralinear behavior in water vapor; Linear weight-loss rates; Material recession; Life prediction.
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - HIGH temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 10543889; Fox, Dennis S. 1,2 Opila, Elizabeth J. 1,2,3 Nguyen, QuynhGiao N. 1,2 Humphrey, Donald L. 1,3 Lewton, Susan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ohio  2: American Ceramic Society  3: Cleveland State University at NASA GRC; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 86 Issue 8, p1256; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Robinson, R. Craig
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
AU  - Wenglarz, Richard A.
AU  - Ferber, Mattison K.
T1  - Additive Effects on Si3N4 Oxidation/Volatilization in Water Vapor.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 86
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1262
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Examines the surface oxide morphology resulting from the exposure of two commercially available additive-containing silicon nitride materials exposed in four environments which ranged in severity.  Tendency for the material surface to be enriched in rare-earth silicate phases in combustion environments; Evidence showing that the formation of rare-earth disilicate phases offered little additional protection from the volatilization of silica observed in combustion environments.
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - EVAPORATION (Chemistry)
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 10543952; Opila, Elizabeth J. 1,2,3 Robinson, R. Craig 1,2,4 Fox, Dennis S. 1,2 Wenglarz, Richard A. 5 Ferber, Mattison K. 1,6; Affiliation:  1: American Ceramic Society  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Ohio  3: Cleveland State University, Ohio  4: QSS Group, Inc., Ohio  5: South Carolina Institute for Energy Studies, South Carolina  6: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 86 Issue 8, p1262; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Dongming Zhu
AU  - Robinson, Raymond C.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Miller, Robert A.
T1  - Upper Temperature Limit of Environmental Barrier Coatings Based on Mullite and BSAS.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 86
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1299
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Determines the upper temperature limit of environmental barrier coatings for silicon-based ceramics.  Chemical compatibility; Environmental durability; Volatility; Phase stability; Thermal conductivity.
KW  - CERAMIC coating
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
N1  - Accession Number: 10543990; Lee, Kang N. 1,2,3 Fox, Dennis S. 1,2 Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 1,2 Dongming Zhu 1,2,4 Robinson, Raymond C. 1 Bansal, Narottam P. 1,2 Miller, Robert A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Ohio  2: American Ceramic Society  3: Cleveland State University, OH  4: QSS Group, Inc, OH; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 86 Issue 8, p1299; Subject Term: CERAMIC coating; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behar, Jeff L.
AU  - Houseman, John
T1  - Electronic Procurement & Tracking of Chemicals.
JO  - Professional Safety
JF  - Professional Safety
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 48
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
PB  - American Society of Safety Engineers
SN  - 00990027
AB  - Reports on the use of the Just-In-Time Procurement System to provide a flexible, high-performance, reliable and stable-platform for supporting rapid material acquisition services in the U.S.  Details on the delivery of pre-approved hazardous materials; Conduction of hazard assessment for laboratory operation; Advantages of the procurement system.  INSET: HazMat Rating Systems.
KW  - Hazardous substances
KW  - Industrial procurement
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 10529002; Behar, Jeff L. 1,2,3; Houseman, John 1; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 2: California Institute of Technology; 3: American Industrial Hygiene Assn.; Issue Info: Aug2003, Vol. 48 Issue 8, p27; Thesaurus Term: Hazardous substances; Subject Term: Industrial procurement; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562112 Hazardous Waste Collection; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKeever, S.W.S.
AU  - Banerjee, D.
AU  - Blair, M.
AU  - Clifford, S.M.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Kim, S.S.
AU  - Lamothe, M.
AU  - Lepper, K.
AU  - Leuschen, M.
AU  - McKeever, K.J.
AU  - Prather, M.
AU  - Rowland, A.
AU  - Reust, D.
AU  - Sears, D.W.G.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - Concepts and approaches to in situ luminescence dating of martian sediments
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 37
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 527
SN  - 13504487
AB  - In this paper we present the concept of a robotic instrument for in situ luminescence dating of near-surface sediments on Mars. The scientific objectives and advantages to be gained from the development of such an instrument are described, and the challenges presented by the Mars surface environment to the design and operation of the instrument are outlined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
N1  - Accession Number: 10117718; McKeever, S.W.S. 1; Email Address: u1759aa@okstate.edu Banerjee, D. 1 Blair, M. 1 Clifford, S.M. 2 Clowdsley, M.S. 3 Kim, S.S. 4 Lamothe, M. 5 Lepper, K. 6 Leuschen, M. 7 McKeever, K.J. 1,7 Prather, M. 7 Rowland, A. 1 Reust, D. 7 Sears, D.W.G. 8 Wilson, J.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Arkansas–Oklahoma Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, and Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: NRC/NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Mail Stop 183-401, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., CA 91109, USA  5: Départment des Sciences de la Terre et de l'Atmosphere, Université de Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada  6: Los Alamos National Laboratory, EES-2, MS J495, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  7: Nomadics Inc., 1024 Innovation Way, Stillwater, OK 74076, USA  8: Arkansas–Oklahoma Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, and Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Building, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 37 Issue 4/5, p527; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1350-4487(03)00025-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Levy, Doron
T1  - HIGH-ORDER CENTRAL WENO SCHEMES FOR MULTIDIMENSIONAL HAMILTON--JACOBI EQUATIONS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
JF  - SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
Y1  - 2003/08//
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1339
EP  - 1369
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 00361429
AB  - We present new third- and fifth-order Godunov-type central schemes for approximating solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation in an arbitrary number of space dimensions. These are the first central schemes for approximating solutions of the HJ equations with an order of accuracy that is greater than two. In two space dimensions we present two versions for the third-order scheme: one scheme that is based on a genuinely two-dimensional central weighted ENO reconstruction, and another scheme that is based on a simpler dimension-by-dimension reconstruction. The simpler dimension-by-dimension variant is then extended to a multidimensional fifth-order scheme. Our numerical examples in one, two, and three space dimensions verify the expected order of accuracy of the schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAMILTON-Jacobi equations
KW  - DIMENSIONS
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - ARITHMETIC functions
KW  - VISCOSITY solutions
KW  - MONOTONE operators
KW  - central schemes
KW  - CWENO
KW  - Hamilton-Jacobi equations
KW  - high order
KW  - WENO
N1  - Accession Number: 14886887; Bryson, Steve 1; Email Address: bryson@nas.nasa.gov Levy, Doron 2; Email Address: dlevy@math.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Program in Scientific Computing/Computational Mathematics, Stanford University and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000.  2: Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2125.; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p1339; Subject Term: HAMILTON-Jacobi equations; Subject Term: DIMENSIONS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: ARITHMETIC functions; Subject Term: VISCOSITY solutions; Subject Term: MONOTONE operators; Author-Supplied Keyword: central schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: CWENO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hamilton-Jacobi equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: high order; Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1137/S0036142902408404
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaul, Upender K.
T1  - New boundary constraints for elliptic systems used in grid generation problems
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2003/08/10/
VL  - 189
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 476
SN  - 00219991
AB  - New boundary constraints for elliptic partial differential equations as used in grid generation problems in generalized curvilinear coordinate systems are proposed in this paper. These constraints, based on the principle of local conservation of thermal energy in the vicinity of the boundaries, are derived using the Green’s Theorem. They uniquely determine the so called decay parameters in the inhomogeneous terms of these elliptic systems. These constraints<fn id="fn1"><no>1</no>Invention under US Patent application process.</fn>1 are designed for boundary clustered grids where large gradients in physical quantities need to be resolved adequately. It is observed that the present formulation also works satisfactorily for mild clustering. Therefore, a closure for the decay parameter specification for elliptic grid generation problems has been provided resulting in a fully automated elliptic grid generation technique. Thus, there is no need for a parametric study of these decay parameters since the new constraints fix them uniquely. It is also shown that for Neumann type boundary conditions, these boundary constraints uniquely determine the solution to the internal elliptic problem thus eliminating the nonuniqueness of the solution of an internal boundary value grid generation problem with Neumann boundary conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - POTENTIAL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - VON Neumann algebras
KW  - Automated elliptic grid generation
KW  - Conservation of thermal energy
KW  - Decay parameters
KW  - Neumann boundary conditions
KW  - New boundary constraints
N1  - Accession Number: 10353187; Kaul, Upender K. 1; Email Address: kaul@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 189 Issue 2, p476; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: POTENTIAL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: VON Neumann algebras; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automated elliptic grid generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation of thermal energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decay parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neumann boundary conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: New boundary constraints; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0021-9991(03)00229-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maslov, A.V.
AU  - Ning, C.z.
T1  - Reflection of guided modes in a semiconductor nanowire laser.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/08/11/
VL  - 83
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1237
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We analyze the waveguiding properties of semiconductor (GaN, ZnO, CdS) single nanowire lasers which were recently demonstrated experimentally. In particular, we compute the reflectivity for a few lowest-order guided modes (HE[sub 11], TE[sub 01], and TM[sub 01]) from the nanowire facets. The reflectivity is shown to depend strongly on the mode type, lasing frequency and radius of the nanowire. By using the computed reflectivities, we make realisic estimates of the threshold gain and quality factor for the nanowire lasers. Our results shed light on the lasing mechanism of the nanowire lasers. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - LASERS
N1  - Accession Number: 10465367; Maslov, A.V. 1; Email Address: amaslov@nas.nasa.gov Ning, C.z. 1; Email Address: cning@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: 8/11/2003, Vol. 83 Issue 6, p1237; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: LASERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1599037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazanek, Daniel D.
AU  - Roithmayr, Carlos M.
AU  - Antol, Jeffrey
AU  - Kay-Bunnell, Linda
AU  - Werner, Martin R.
AU  - Park, Sang-Young
AU  - Kumar, Renjith R.
T1  - Comet/asteroid protection system (CAPS): A space-based system concept for revolutionizing earth protection and utilization of near-earth objects
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 4-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 405
SN  - 00945765
AB  - There exists an infrequent, but significant hazard to life and property due to impacting asteroids and comets. There is currently no specific search for long-period comets, smaller near-Earth asteroids, or smaller short-period comets. These objects represent a threat with potentially little or no warning time using conventional ground-based telescopes. These planetary bodies also represent a significant resource for commercial exploitation, long-term sustained space exploration, and scientific research. The Comet/Asteroid Protection System (CAPS) would expand the current detection effort to include long-period comets, as well as small asteroids and short-period comets capable of regional destruction. A space-based detection system, despite being more costly and complex than Earth-based initiatives, is the most promising way of expanding the range of detectable objects, and surveying the entire celestial sky on a regular basis. CAPS is a future space-based system concept that provides permanent, continuous asteroid and comet monitoring, and rapid, controlled modification of the orbital trajectories of selected bodies. CAPS would provide an orbit modification system capable of diverting kilometer class objects, and modifying the orbits of smaller asteroids for impact defense and resource utilization. This paper provides a summary of CAPS and discusses several key areas and technologies that are being investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR-earth asteroids
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SPACE flight to asteroids
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 11471530; Mazanek, Daniel D. 1; Email Address: d.d.mazanek@larc.nasa.gov Roithmayr, Carlos M. 1; Email Address: c.m.roithmayr@larc.nasa.gov Antol, Jeffrey 1; Email Address: j.antol@larc.nasa.gov Kay-Bunnell, Linda 2; Email Address: l.kay-bunnell@larc.nasa.gov Werner, Martin R. 2; Email Address: m.r.werner@larc.nasa.gov Park, Sang-Young 3; Email Address: s.park@larc.nasa.gov Kumar, Renjith R. 4; Email Address: renji@ama-inc.com; Affiliation:  1: Spacecraft and Sensors Branch, ASCAC NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Joint Institute for Advancement of Flight Sciences (JIAFS) The George Washington University Hampton, Virginia, USA  3: Swales Aerospace, Inc. Hampton, Virginia, USA  4: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc. Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 53 Issue 4-10, p405; Subject Term: NEAR-earth asteroids; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SPACE flight to asteroids; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ORBIT; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Launius, R.D.
T1  - Evolving public perceptions of spacelight in American culture
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 4-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 823
SN  - 00945765
AB  - There is a belief that exists in the United States about public support for NASA''s activities. The belief is almost universally held that NASA and the cause of space exploration enjoyed outstanding public support and confidence in the 1960s during the era of Apollo and that public support waned in the post-Apollo era, only to sink to quite low depths in the decade of the 1990s. These beliefs are predicated on anecdotal evidence that should not be discounted, but empirical evidence gleaned from public opinion polling data suggest that some of these conceptions are totally incorrect and others are either incomplete or more nuanced than previously believed. This paper explores evolution of public support for space exploration since the 1960s. Using polling data from a variety of sources it presents trends over time and offers comments on the meaning of public perceptions for the evolution of space policy and the development of space exploration in the United States. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 11471573; Launius, R.D. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 53 Issue 4-10, p823; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeVore, Edna
AU  - Tarter, Jill
AU  - Fisher, Jane
AU  - O'Sullivan, Kathleen
AU  - Pendleton, Yvonne
AU  - Taylor, Sam
AU  - Burke, Margaret
T1  - Educating the next generation of SETI scientists: Voyages through time
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 4-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 841
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) could succeed tomorrow, or not for many generations, or never. SETI scientists are very cognizant of the need to train the next generation of researchers who can carry on this vast scientific exploration. Previously, the SETI Institute has met this challenge by developing supplementary teacher''s guides for elementary and middle schools called “Life In the Universe” and published by Teacher Ideas Press. Currently, we are engaged in a far more challenging project that is funded primarily by the National Science Foundation (NSF). The SETI Institute is creating a year long, interdisciplinary, high school science curriculum called “Voyages Through Time: Everything Evolves”. We are using the theme of evolution to weave a panoramic vista for students that begins with the origin of the universe, encompasses our own origin and evolution, and looks at the evolution of technology and our possible future. By integrating different scientific and technical disciplines to explore how we answer fundamentally important questions, we hope to excite and motivate high school students with the opportunities offered by the way science is practiced today. We invite them to plan a future in which they help to enrich the answers to the big questions: Where did I come from? Where am I going? is anybody else out there? Voyages Through Time consists of six modules on CD-ROMs for teachers and students that have been extensively tested both regionally and nationally. Publication is expected in 2003. The partners in the development of this curriculum are the SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, California Academy of Sciences, and San Francisco State University. Voyages Through Time is funded by the NSF (IMD # 9730693) with additional support from NASA, Hewlett Packard Company, The Foundation for Microbiology, and the Federated Charitable Campaign. For further information, visit: http://www.seti.org/education/Welcome.html. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - HIGH school students
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS -- Research
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SEARCH for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Study group : U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 11471575; DeVore, Edna 1 Tarter, Jill 1 Fisher, Jane 1 O'Sullivan, Kathleen 2 Pendleton, Yvonne 3 Taylor, Sam 4 Burke, Margaret 4; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mountain View CA, USA  2: San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: California Academy of Sciences, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 53 Issue 4-10, p841; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: HIGH school students; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS -- Research; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: SEARCH for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Study group : U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saether, E.
AU  - Frankland, S.J.V.
AU  - Pipes, R.B.
T1  - Transverse mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotube crystals. Part I: determination of elastic moduli
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1543
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Carbon nanotubes naturally tend to form crystals in the form of hexagonally packed bundles. An accurate determination of the effective mechanical properties of nanotube bundles is important in order to assess potential structural applications such as reinforcement in future composite material systems. Although the intratube axial stiffness is on the order of 1 TPa due to a strong network of carbon–carbon bonds, the intertube interactions are controlled by weaker, nonbonding van der Waals forces which are orders of magnitude less. A direct method for calculating effective material constants is implemented in the present study. The Lennard–Jones potential is used to model the nonbonding cohesive forces. A complete set of transverse moduli is obtained and shown to exhibit a transversely isotropic constitutive behavior. The predicted elastic constants obtained using the direct method are compared with available published results obtained from other methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - Bundles
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Composites
N1  - Accession Number: 10276849; Saether, E. 1; Email Address: e.saether@larc.nasa.gov Frankland, S.J.V. 2 Pipes, R.B. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 240, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1543; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bundles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00056-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saether, E.
T1  - Transverse mechanical properties of carbon nanotube crystals. Part II: sensitivity to lattice distortions
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1551
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Perfect crystals of carbon nanotubes tend to form aligned bundles that assume a hexagonal packing configuration in a minimum energy state. The theoretical constitutive relation for these defect-free crystals is highly anisotropic with a large axial stiffness due to a network of strong delocalized carbon–carbon bonds and transverse properties that are orders of magnitude lower due to a sole dependence on non-bonding van der Waals forces. The assemblage of a large number of collimated nanotubes may be expected to exhibit a distribution of lattice sites containing imperfections caused by packing faults or inclusions that will function as ‘weak-links’ and adversely affect local stiffness and strength. The present study is therefore directed towards quantifying the effects of distorted bundle configurations on mechanical properties. To illustrate distortion sensitivity, the transverse shear and bulk moduli are calculated by considering various magnitudes of random perturbations in nanotube packing. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to obtain a statistical distribution of predicted moduli. The present analysis demonstrates that even small perturbations to the lattice geometry give rise to large variations in transverse moduli, and suggests that chemical functionalization to improve nanotube bundle cohesion may be required for successful structural applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - Bundles
KW  - C. Probabilistic methods
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Composites
N1  - Accession Number: 10276850; Saether, E. 1; Email Address: e.saether@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 240, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1551; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bundles; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Probabilistic methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00057-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10276850&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Youqi
AU  - Sun, Changjie
AU  - Sun, Xuekun
AU  - Hinkley, Jeffrey
AU  - Odegard, Gregory M.
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
T1  - 2-D nano-scale finite element analysis of a polymer field
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1581
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Two types of 2-D nano-scale finite elements, the chemical bond element and the Lennard–Jones element, are formulated based upon inter-atomic and inter-molecular force fields. A nano-scale finite element method is employed to simulate polymer field deformation. This numerical procedure includes three steps. First, a polymer field is created by an off-lattice random walk, followed by a force relaxation process. Then, a finite element mesh is generated for the polymer field. Chemical bonds are modeled by chemical bond elements. If the distance between two non-bonded atoms or monomers is shorter than the action range of the Lennard–Jones attraction (or repulsion), a Lennard–Jones element is inserted between them. Finally, external load and boundary conditions are applied and polymer chain deformation is simulated step by step. During polymer deformation, failed Lennard–Jones bond elements are removed and newly formed Lennard–Jones elements are inserted into the polymer field during each loading step. The process continues until failure occurs. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the process. Stress–strain curves of polymer fields under unidirectional tensile load are derived. Continuum mechanical properties, such as modulus and polymer strength, are determined based upon the stress strain curve. Further, throughout the deformation process one observes polymer chain migration, nano-scale void generation, void coalescence and crack development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - MONOMERS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - A. Polymer
KW  - Finite element analysis
KW  - Molecular mechanics
KW  - Nano-scale analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 10276854; Wang, Youqi 1; Email Address: wang@mne.ksu.edu Sun, Changjie 1 Sun, Xuekun 1 Hinkley, Jeffrey 2 Odegard, Gregory M. 2 Gates, Thomas S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1581; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: MONOMERS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano-scale analysis; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00068-X
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10276854&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thompson, Craig. M.
AU  - Herring, Helen M.
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
AU  - Connell, John. W.
T1  - Preparation and characterization of metal oxide/polyimide nanocomposites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1591
SN  - 02663538
AB  - In an effort to introduce low levels of electrical conductivity into space durable polyimides while maintaining optical clarity, nanocomposites containing metal oxides were prepared and characterized. Polymeric materials that exhibit space environmental durability, high optical transmission, low solar absorptivity and sufficient electrical conductivity for electrostatic charge dissipation are needed for future ultra-lightweight, deployable spacecraft. Samples were prepared by the addition of the metal oxide to a pre-made polyimide solution and by the synthesis of the polyimide in the presence of the metal oxide. Sonication was used to aid in the dispersion of the metal oxide particles in N,N-dimethylacetamide prior to mixing. Thin films were prepared and characterized for thermal and mechanical properties, solar absorptivity, thermal emissivity, electrical conductivity, optical transmission and degree of dispersion of the metal oxide particles. The effect of the metal oxide particles on the polyimide properties will be discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - Metal oxides
KW  - Nanocomposites
KW  - Space environmentally durable polyimides
N1  - Accession Number: 10276856; Thompson, Craig. M.; Email Address: c.m.thompson@larc.nasa.gov Herring, Helen M. Gates, Thomas S. 1 Connell, John. W. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1591; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space environmentally durable polyimides; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00062-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ounaies, Z.
AU  - Park, C.
AU  - Wise, K.E.
AU  - Siochi, E.J.
AU  - Harrison, J.S.
T1  - Electrical properties of single wall carbon nanotube reinforced polyimide composites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1637
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Electrical properties of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) reinforced polyimide composites were investigated as a function of SWNT concentration. AC and DC conductivities were measured, and the frequency behavior of the specific admittance was investigated. The experimental conductivity was found to obey a percolation-like power law with a relatively low percolation threshold. The current-voltage measurement results exhibited a non-ohmic behavior, indicating a quantum tunneling conduction mechanism. Analytical modeling and numerical simulation using high aspect ratio, rigid, spherocylinders as models for the SWNT were carried out to aid in understanding these results. The predictions were in good agreement with the experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - A. Nanostructures
KW  - A. Polymers
KW  - B. Electrical properties
KW  - B. Modelling
KW  - Composites
KW  - Single wall carbon nanotube
N1  - Accession Number: 10276862; Ounaies, Z. 1; Email Address: zounaies@vcu.edu Park, C. 2 Wise, K.E. 2 Siochi, E.J. 3 Harrison, J.S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA  2: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 132C, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1637; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Electrical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single wall carbon nanotube; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00067-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frankland, S.J.V.
AU  - Harik, V.M.
AU  - Odegard, G.M.
AU  - Brenner, D.W.
AU  - Gates, T.S.
T1  - The stress–strain behavior of polymer–nanotube composites from molecular dynamics simulation
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1655
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Stress–strain curves of polymer–carbon nanotube composites generated from molecular dynamics simulations of a single-walled carbon nanotube embedded in polyethylene are presented. A comparison is made between the response to mechanical loading of a composite with a long, continuous nanotube (replicated via periodic boundary conditions) and the response of a composite with a short, discontinuous nanotube. Both composites are mechanically loaded in the direction of, and transverse to, the nanotube axis. The long-nanotube composite shows an increase in the stiffness relative to the polymer and behaves anisotropically under the different loading conditions considered. The short-nanotube composite shows no enhancement relative to the polymer, most probably because of its low aspect ratio. The stress–strain curves from molecular dynamics simulations are compared with corresponding rule-of-mixtures predictions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - B. Stress/strain curves
KW  - C. Computational simulation
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
N1  - Accession Number: 10276864; Frankland, S.J.V. 1; Email Address: sjvf@nianet.org Harik, V.M. 2 Odegard, G.M. 1 Brenner, D.W. 3 Gates, T.S. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: Swales Aerospace, M/S 186A, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA  4: Mechanics and Durability Branch, M/S 188E, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1655; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Stress/strain curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Computational simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00059-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Odegard, G.M.
AU  - Gates, T.S.
AU  - Wise, K.E.
AU  - Park, C.
AU  - Siochi, E.J.
T1  - Constitutive modeling of nanotube–reinforced polymer composites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1671
SN  - 02663538
AB  - In this study, a technique is presented for developing constitutive models for polymer composite systems reinforced with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT). Because the polymer molecules are on the same size scale as the nanotubes, the interaction at the polymer/nanotube interface is highly dependent on the local molecular structure and bonding. At these small length scales, the lattice structures of the nanotube and polymer chains cannot be considered continuous, and the bulk mechanical properties can no longer be determined through traditional micromechanical approaches that are formulated by using continuum mechanics. It is proposed herein that the nanotube, the local polymer near the nanotube, and the nanotube/polymer interface can be modeled as an effective continuum fiber by using an equivalent-continuum modeling method. The effective fiber serves as a means for incorporating micromechanical analyses for the prediction of bulk mechanical properties of SWNT/polymer composites with various nanotube lengths, concentrations, and orientations. As an example, the proposed approach is used for the constitutive modeling of two SWNT/polyimide composite systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - B. Modelling
KW  - C. Anisotropy
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Nanotechnology
N1  - Accession Number: 10276866; Odegard, G.M. 1; Email Address: g.m.odegard@larc.nasa.gov Gates, T.S. 2 Wise, K.E. 1 Park, C. 1 Siochi, E.J. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 390, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p1671; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00063-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Litvin, Faydor L.
AU  - Fuentes, Alfonso
AU  - Gonzalez-Perez, Ignacio
AU  - Carvenali, Luca
AU  - Kawasaki, Kazumasa
AU  - Handschuh, Robert F.
T1  - Modified involute helical gears: computerized design, simulation of meshing and stress analysis
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 192
IS  - 33/34
M3  - Article
SP  - 3619
SN  - 00457825
AB  - The contents of the paper cover: (i) computerized design, (ii) methods for generation, (iii) simulation of meshing, and (iv) enhanced stress analysis of modified involute helical gears. The approaches proposed for modification of conventional involute helical gears are based on conjugation of double-crowned pinion with a conventional helical involute gear. Double-crowning of the pinion means deviation of cross-profile from an involute one and deviation in longitudinal direction from a helicoid surface. The pinion-gear tooth surfaces are in point contact, the bearing contact is localized and oriented longitudinally, edge contact is avoided, the influence of errors of alignment on the shift of bearing contact and vibration and noise are reduced substantially. The developed theory is illustrated with numerical examples that confirm the advantages of the gear drives of the modified geometry in comparison with conventional helical involute gears. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEARING
KW  - COMPUTER-aided design
KW  - MACHINERY
N1  - Accession Number: 10426821; Litvin, Faydor L. 1 Fuentes, Alfonso 2; Email Address: alfonso.fuentes@upct.es Gonzalez-Perez, Ignacio 1 Carvenali, Luca 1 Kawasaki, Kazumasa 1 Handschuh, Robert F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gear Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, 842 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7022, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Cartagena, Campus Universitario Muralla del Mar, C/Doctor Fleming, s/n, 30202 Cartagena, Spain  3: US Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 192 Issue 33/34, p3619; Subject Term: GEARING; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided design; Subject Term: MACHINERY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333612 Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417990 All other machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333999 All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0045-7825(03)00367-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leventis, Nicholas
AU  - Zhang, Guohui
AU  - Rawashdeh, Abdel-Monem M.
AU  - Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia
T1  - Electrochemical reduction of 4-benzoyl-N-(4-substituted benzyl)pyridinium cations: substitution effects and linear free energy relationships
JO  - Electrochimica Acta
JF  - Electrochimica Acta
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 2799
SN  - 00134686
AB  - In analogy to 4-(p-substituted benzoyl)-N-methylpyridinium cations (1-Xs), the title species (2-Xs, X=&z.sbnd;OCH3, &z.sbnd;CH3, &z.sbnd;H, &z.sbnd;Br, &z.sbnd;COCH3, &z.sbnd;NO2) undergo two reversible, well-separated (ΔE1/2≥650 mV) one-electron reductions. The effect of substitution on the E1/2s of 2-Xs is much weaker than the effect of the same substituents on 1-Xs: the Hammett ρ-values are 0.80 and 0.93 for the first- and second-electron reduction of 2-Xs vs. 2.3 and 3.3 for the same reductions of 1-Xs, respectively. The difference has been attributed to the different polarizability of π- vs. σ-electrons, and to the fact that in 1-Xs the electronic properties of the substituents are transmitted through the π-system, while in 2-Xs there is a &z.sbnd;CH2&z.sbnd; spacer. From a practical standpoint, these results suggest that the 4-benzoylpyridinium system can be used as an almost continuously tunable redox couple, whose redox potential can be course-tuned via p-benzoyl substitution and fine-tuned via p-benzyl substitution. Importantly, the nitro group of 2-NO2 undergoes reduction before the second-electron reduction of the 4-benzoylpyridinium system. Introducing the recently derived substituent constant of the &z.sbnd;NO2−⋅ group (<f>σp-NO2−⋅−&z.rad;</f>=−0.97) yields an excellent correlation for the third-electron reduction of 2-NO2 (corresponding to the reduction of the carbonyl group) with the second-electron reduction of the other 2-Xs, and confirms the electron-donating properties of &z.sbnd;NO2−⋅. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - 4-Benzoylpyridinium
KW  - Electrochemistry
KW  - Hammett
KW  - Reduction
N1  - Accession Number: 10319437; Leventis, Nicholas 1; Email Address: nicholas.leventis@grc.nasa.gov Zhang, Guohui 2 Rawashdeh, Abdel-Monem M. 2 Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia 2; Email Address: cslevent@umr.edu; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 49-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 48 Issue 19, p2799; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Author-Supplied Keyword: 4-Benzoylpyridinium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hammett; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0013-4686(03)00414-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrews, R.
AU  - Mah, R.
AU  - Jeffrey, S.
AU  - Guerrero, M.
AU  - Papasin, R.
AU  - Reed, C.
T1  - The NASA Smart Probe Project for real-time multiple microsensor tissue recognition: update
JO  - International Congress Series
JF  - International Congress Series
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 1256
M3  - Article
SP  - 547
SN  - 05315131
AB  - The NASA Smart Probe combines information from multiple microsensors—using fuzzy logic and neural network software—to provide a unique tissue “signature” in real time. This report presents recent advances in the probe architecture itself plus clinical information gathered from women undergoing biopsy for suspected breast cancer by the NASA licensee, BioLuminate (Dublin, CA, USA). The multiparameter Smart Probe for breast cancer—1 mm in diameter—can clearly differentiate normal breast, benign lesions, and breast carcinoma. The sensors employed in the Smart Probe for breast cancer include electrical impedance and optical spectroscopy (OS) (both broadband or white light, and laser light (infrared and blue/fluorescence)). Data are acquired 100 times per second; a typical breast “biopsy” typically generates 500 MB of data. Potential applications of nanoelectrode arrays and the Smart Probe concept for deep brain recording and stimulation in neurosurgery are also noted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Congress Series is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTERS in medicine
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Neural networks
KW  - Robotics
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Stereotaxy
KW  - Tumors
N1  - Accession Number: 9920042; Andrews, R.; Email Address: rja@russelljandrews.org Mah, R. 1 Jeffrey, S. 1 Guerrero, M. 1 Papasin, R. 1 Reed, C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Smart Systems Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Sunnyvale, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 1256, p547; Subject Term: COMPUTERS in medicine; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stereotaxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tumors; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0531-5131(03)00353-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, Gennady L.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Andrews, Lester
T1  - Structure of neutral and charged Fe[sub n]CO clusters (n=1–6) and energetics of the Fe[sub n]CO+CO→Fe[sub n]C+CO[sub 2] reaction.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 119
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3681
EP  - 3690
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The electronic and geometrical structure of the ground and excited states of Fe[SUBn]CO, Fe[SUBn]CO[SUP-], and Fe[SUBn]CO[SUP+](n=2 - 6) are computed using density functional theory (DFT). Several hybrid and pure (DFT methods are tested on FeCO and Fe[SUB2]CO where experimental data are available. The pure (DFT)  methods are superior to hybrid methods in reproduction of experimental spectroscopic data, except for the dissociation energy of FeCO. CO is twofold coordinated in Fe[SUB2]CO, Fe[SUB3]CO, and Fe[SUB4]CO, threefold coordinated in Fe[SUB5]CO, and fourfold in Fe[SUB6]CO. While the Boudouard-type disproportionation reaction Fe[SUBn]CO+CO→Fe[SUBn]C+CO[SUB2] is endothermic by 1.59, 1.10, and 0.55 eV for FeCO, Fe[SUB2]CO, and Fe[SUB3]CO, respectively, it becomes exothermic beginning with n=4. The reaction barrier decreases from 3.5 eV for FeCO to 1.3 eV for Fe[SUB4]CO. The most exothermic by 0.42 eV reaction is Fe[SUB6]CO[SUP+]+CO→Fe[SUB6]C[SUP+]+CO[SUB2]. It is found that the catalytic ability increases with clusters size due to the decreasing Fe[SUBn]C-O (or increasing Fe[SUBn]- C) bond strength. The Fe[SUBn]- CO  binding energy varies slowly with cluster size and therefore does not significantly influence the variation in the energetics of the Boudouard-type reaction with cluster size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
N1  - Accession Number: 10404864; Gutsev, Gennady L. 1 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1 Andrews, Lester 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901; Source Info: 8/15/2003, Vol. 119 Issue 7, p3681; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 9 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1590953
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barker, H.W.
AU  - Stephens, G.L.
AU  - Partain, P.T.
AU  - Bergman, J.W.
AU  - Bonnel, B.
AU  - Campana, K.
AU  - Clothiaux, E.E.
AU  - Clough, S.
AU  - Cusack, S.
AU  - Delamere, J.
AU  - Edwards, J.
AU  - Evans, K.F.
AU  - Fouquart, Y.
AU  - Freidenreich, S.
AU  - Galin, V.
AU  - Hou, Y.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Li, J.
AU  - Mlawer, E.
AU  - Morcrette, J.-J.
T1  - Assessing 1D Atmospheric Solar Radiative Transfer Models: Interpretation and Handling of Unresolved Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 16
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 2676
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The primary purpose of this study is to assess the performance of 1D solar radiative transfer codes that are used currently both for research and in weather and climate models. Emphasis is on interpretation and handling of unresolved clouds. Answers are sought to the following questions: (i) How well do 1D solar codes interpret and handle columns of information pertaining to partly cloudy atmospheres? (ii) Regardless of the adequacy of their assumptions about unresolved clouds, do 1D solar codes perform as intended? One clear-sky and two plane-parallel, homogeneous (PPH) overcast cloud cases serve to elucidate 1D model differences due to varying treatments of gaseous transmittances, cloud optical properties, and basic radiative transfer. The remaining four cases involve 3D distributions of cloud water and water vapor as simulated by cloud-resolving models. Results for 25 1D codes, which included two line-by-line (LBL) models (clear and overcast only) and four 3D Monte Carlo (MC) photon transport algorithms, were submitted by 22 groups. Benchmark, domain-averaged irradiance profiles were computed by the MC codes. For the clear and overcast cases, all MC estimates of top-of-atmosphere albedo, atmospheric absorptance, and surface absorptance agree with one of the LBL codes to within ±2%. Most 1D codes underestimate atmospheric absorptance by typically 15–25 W m[sup –2] at overhead sun for the standard tropical atmosphere regardless of clouds. Depending on assumptions about unresolved clouds, the 1D codes were partitioned into four genres: (i) horizontal variability, (ii) exact overlap of PPH clouds, (iii) maximum/random overlap of PPH clouds, and (iv) random overlap of PPH clouds. A single MC code was used to establish conditional benchmarks applicable to each genre, and all MC codes were used to establish the full 3D benchmarks. There is a tendency for 1D codes to cluster near their respective conditional benchmarks, though intragenre variances typically exceed those for the clear and overcast cases. The majority of 1D codes fall into the extreme category of maximum/random overlap of PPH clouds and thus generally disagree with full 3D benchmark values. Given the fairly limited scope of these tests and the inability of any one code to perform extremely well for all cases begs the question that a paradigm shift is due for modeling 1D solar fluxes for cloudy atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 10465452; Barker, H.W. 1; Stephens, G.L. 2; Partain, P.T. 2; Bergman, J.W. 3; Bonnel, B. 4; Campana, K. 5; Clothiaux, E.E. 6; Clough, S. 7; Cusack, S. 8; Delamere, J. 7; Edwards, J. 8; Evans, K.F. 9; Fouquart, Y. 4; Freidenreich, S. 10; Galin, V. 11; Hou, Y. 5; Kato, S. 12; Li, J. 13; Mlawer, E. 7; Morcrette, J.-J. 14; Affiliations: 1: Meteorological Service of Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 2: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; 3: NOAA–CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center, Boulder, Colorado; 4: Laboratoire d’Optique Atmospherique, Lille, France; 5: National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, Maryland; 6: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; 7: Atmospheric Environmental Research, Lexington, Massachusetts; 8: Met Office, Bracknell, Berkshire, United Kingdom; 9: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; 10: GFDL, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; 11: DNM, Moscow, Russia; 12: Hampton University, and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 13: Meteorological Service of Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada; 14: ECMWF, Reading, United Kingdom; Issue Info: Aug2003, Vol. 16 Issue 16, p2676; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 9 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ortiz, Rudy M.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
AU  - Ortiz, C. Leo
AU  - Talamantes, Frank
T1  - Acutely elevated vasopressin increases circulating concentrations of cortisol and aldosterone in fasting northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Biology
JF  - Journal of Experimental Biology
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 206
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 2795
EP  - 2802
SN  - 00220949
AB  - The physiological actions of vasopressin (VP) in marine mammals are not well defined. To help elucidate its hormonal and renal effects in this group of mammals, northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) pups (N=7; 99±4 kg) were first infused with 0.9% saline (control; 220 ml), followed 24 h later with VP (as a 20 ng kg[sup -1] bolus, then 2 ng kg[sup -1] min[sup -1] for approximately 35 min in 225 ± 16 ml saline). During both control and VP periods, blood samples were collected prior to infusion, and 15, 30, 60, 120 min and 24 h after infusion to examine the hormonal responses of the pups to VP. Renal responses were quantified from 24 h urine samples obtained prior to infusion (control) and 24 h post-infusion. Compared to the control period, infusion of VP increased plasma concentrations of cortisol over a 120 min period and aldosterone over 30 min, while plasma renin activity (PRA) was decreased for a 120 min period. The plasma urea:creatinine ratio was elevated following infusion of VP. Urine output and osmotic clearance were increased by 69 ± 18% (mean ± S.E.M.) and 36 ± 10%, respectively, but free water clearance and glomerular filtration rate were not significantly altered 24 h post-infusion of VP. Solute (osmolality, Na[sup +], K[sup +] and Cl[sup -]) excretion and fractional excretion of electrolytes were also increased when compared to control values. The increase in cortisol concentration suggests that VP may possess corticotropin releasing hormone-like activity in elephant seals. If osmotic diuresis and natriuresis are typical consequences of elevated [VP] in fasting pups, then not increasing VP normally during the fast may serve as a protective mechanism to avoid the potential loss of Na[sup +] induced by elevated [VP]. Therefore, under natural fasting conditions, pups may be highly sensitive to small changes in [VP], resulting in the maintenance of water and electrolyte balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Biology is the property of Company of Biologists Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NORTHERN elephant seal
KW  - VASOPRESSIN
KW  - HYDROCORTISONE
KW  - ALDOSTERONE
N1  - Accession Number: 10819612; Ortiz, Rudy M. 1,2; Email Address: rortiz1@tulane.edu Wade, Charles E. 2 Ortiz, C. Leo 1 Talamantes, Frank 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biology, University of California, USA  2: Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Division of Life Science, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 206 Issue 16, p2795; Subject Term: NORTHERN elephant seal; Subject Term: VASOPRESSIN; Subject Term: HYDROCORTISONE; Subject Term: ALDOSTERONE; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruden, B.A.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Corrected equations for membrane transport characterization by manometric techniques
JO  - Journal of Membrane Science
JF  - Journal of Membrane Science
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 221
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
SN  - 03767388
AB  - Equations for characterization of membrane permeability and diffusivity via pressure decay measurements in closed and open systems for three different configurations are discussed in terms of time lag and general transient solutions. The solutions presented correct errors in the earlier work of Nguyen et al. [J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 88 (1992) 3553]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Membrane Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELL membranes
KW  - PERMEABILITY
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - Integral method
KW  - Manometric techniques
KW  - Membrane transport characterization
KW  - Time-lag technique
KW  - Transport parameters
N1  - Accession Number: 10504055; Cruden, B.A.; Email Address: bcruden@mail.arc.nasa.gov Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 221 Issue 1/2, p47; Subject Term: CELL membranes; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integral method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manometric techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Membrane transport characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-lag technique; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport parameters; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0376-7388(03)00191-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ng
AU  - H. T.
AU  - Chen
AU  - B.
AU  - Koehne
AU  - J. E.
AU  - Cassell
AU  - A. M.
AU  - Li
AU  - J.
AU  - Han
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Growth of Carbon Nanotubes:  A Combinatorial Method To Study the Effects of Catalysts and Underlayers.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 107
IS  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 8484
EP  - 8489
SN  - 15206106
AB  - With their interesting electrical, structural, and physical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are envisioned to impact future nanoelectronics, nanosensors, and nanophotonics. Current research and development efforts in the growth of CNTs rely on the time-consuming one-parameter-at-a-time approach, whereby marginal variations in growth conditions from run-to-run experiments could result in substantially different outcomes. Here we report a highly efficient combinatorial approach to study the effects of catalysts and underlying metals for the generation of a comprehensive discovery library of CNTs. Shadow masking and sequential ion-beam deposition are used to construct an ensemble of catalysts and underlying metals on a generic addressable platform, whereby upon chemical vapor deposition, the CNT library can be assayed efficiently and conveniently to reveal a host of interesting phenomena. The approach could, in principle, be adapted and used for combinatorial investigations of other nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - CARBON
KW  - ION bombardment
N1  - Accession Number: 11643638; Ng H. T. 1 Chen B. 1 Koehne J. E. 1 Cassell A. M. 1 Li J. 1 Han Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 107 Issue 33, p8484; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kiefer, R.L.
AU  - Anderson, R.A.
AU  - Kim, M.-H.Y.
AU  - Thibeault, S.A.
T1  - Modified polymeric materials for durability in the atomic oxygen space environment
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 208
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 300
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Organometallic compounds have been incorporated into organic polymers to improve their durability to the environment of the low earth orbit (LEO), particularly their resistance to erosion by atomic oxygen (AO). Bis(triphenyltin) oxide (BTO) was added to a thermoplastic polyetherimide, Ultem, and exposed on the Mir space station. The addition of the BTO to Ultem significantly reduced the mass loss in LEO. Aluminum acetylacetonate was added to a thermoset, PMDA-ODA polyimide. that is currently deployed on the International Space Station. Two films are placed in the ram direction exposed to AO and space radiation. Three films are placed in the wake direction and are exposed to space radiation but not AO. The doped films show superior resistance to AO. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANOMETALLIC compounds
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - Additives
KW  - Atomic oxygen
KW  - Organometallics
KW  - Polymer films
N1  - Accession Number: 10274084; Kiefer, R.L. 1; Email Address: rlkief@wm.edu Anderson, R.A. 1 Kim, M.-H.Y. 1 Thibeault, S.A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 208 Issue 1-4, p300; Subject Term: ORGANOMETALLIC compounds; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Additives; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organometallics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer films; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)00665-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frederickson, A.R.
AU  - Benson, C.E.
AU  - Bockman, J.F.
T1  - Measurement of charge storage and leakage in polyimides
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2003/08/15/
VL  - 208
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 454
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Resistivity and electric charge storage properties of LaRC-SI and Kapton polyimide samples were studied in a dark evacuated environment, both before and after 50 kGy cobalt-60 gamma irradiation. In different tests, slow electrons, and 4 keV electrons were used to charge surfaces of 50 μm polyimide to about 500 V while the opposite surfaces were copper metalized and grounded. The subsequent decay of surface voltage can be interpreted as a current through the resistivity of the dielectric. The same samples tested by classical ASTM and IEC methods provided resistivities of order 1E16 Ω cm, but when tested by our evacuated charge decay method the resistivity was 5E19−5E20 Ω cm or more. Charging with low energy electrons produced resistivity data reasonably similar to that produced by charging with 4 keV electron beams. The gamma irradiation, followed by one month of rest under no bias, reduced the resistivity by a factor of 2 in both materials. Raising temperature from the normal 20–50 °C reduced the resistivity in Kapton, but the reduction was not observable in the LaRC-SI material. Even after 20 days of “constant-bias” the rate of fractional charge loss continued to decline indicating that polarization current rather than ideal resistivity may be the cause of most voltage decay, and that the true resistivity is higher than the values determined here, and much higher by several orders of magnitude than the values determined in classical ASTM and IEC test procedures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC charge & distribution
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - Charge storage
KW  - Dielectric
KW  - Irradiation
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Polyimide
KW  - Resistivity
N1  - Accession Number: 10274117; Frederickson, A.R. 1; Email Address: arthur.r.frederickson@jpl.nasa.gov Benson, C.E. 1 Bockman, J.F. 2; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Aug2003, Vol. 208 Issue 1-4, p454; Subject Term: ELECTRIC charge & distribution; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charge storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irradiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resistivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0168-583X(03)00885-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sengupta, Dipendra C.
AU  - Andro, Monty
T1  - Chaos-Based Digital Communication System.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2003/08/19/
VL  - 676
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A technique for exploiting deterministic chaos through Logistic Map (with DC component) and a Cubic Map (with no DC component) in a new digital communication has been proposed and demonstrated in presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) by Monte Carlo simulations. Bit-error (BER) graphs were computed in order to compare the performance of the different modulation schemes. The best performance demonstrated, with AWGN noise, was achieved by utilizing chaotic and periodic waveforms as the information bearing components. Results show the BER performance curve implementing a Fourier Transform detection scheme is not far from the theoretical performance for Binary Phase Shift Key (BPSK) modulation. © 2003 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - DIGITAL electronics
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 10763730; Sengupta, Dipendra C. 1; Email Address: dcsengupta@mail.ecsu.edu Andro, Monty 2; Email Address: mandro@dgrc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Administrator's Fellow Elizabeth City State University Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA.  2: Digital communication Branch NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 676 Issue 1, p363; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: DIGITAL electronics; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1612235
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kolokolov, K.I.
AU  - Ning, C.Z.
T1  - Doping-induced type-II to type-I transition and interband optical gain in InAs/AlSb quantum wells.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/08/25/
VL  - 83
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1581
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We show that proper doping of the barrier regions can convert the well-known type-II InAs/AlSb quantum wells (QWs) to type I, producing strong interband transitions comparable to regular type-I QWs. The interband gain for TM mode is as high as 4000 1/cm, thus providing an important alternative material system in the midinfrared wavelength range. We also study the TE and TM gain as functions of doping level and intrinsic electron–hole density. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM wells
KW  - HOLES (Electron deficiencies)
KW  - ELECTRON distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 10603831; Kolokolov, K.I. 1 Ning, C.Z. 1; Email Address: cning@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000.; Source Info: 8/25/2003, Vol. 83 Issue 8, p1581; Subject Term: QUANTUM wells; Subject Term: HOLES (Electron deficiencies); Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1605236
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andriotis, Antonis N.
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
AU  - Menon, Madhu
T1  - Comment on “Intrinsic electron transport properties of carbon nanotube Y- junctions” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 5234 (2002)].
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/08/25/
VL  - 83
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1674
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Carbon nanotubes have received much attention for molecular electronic device applications due to their ability to form both metallic and semiconducting type nanotubes in experiments. The importance of three terminal T- and Y- junction nanotubes arises from the fact that these can provide the framework on which simple nanoscale carbon based transistor, power amplification, or analog logic devices could be designed and fabricated. Studies of electronic transport and possible device applications of nanotube T and Y junctions have taken on urgency because it is now feasible to fabricate multiterminal junctions of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNs) via the electron or ion-beam irradiation induced nano-welding at the location of the junction. The rectification effect is entirely due to metallic contacts and that three-terminal geometry is not necessary for rectification. This is based on their calculation and comparison of a threefold symmetric SWCN Y junction case with a straight carbon nanotube. Transmission functions and local densities of states in the two cases were computed and compared.
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ELECTRON transport
KW  - CARBON
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 10603800; Andriotis, Antonis N. 1; Email Address: andriot@iesl.forth.gr Srivastava, Deepak 2; Email Address: deepak@nas.nasa.gov Menon, Madhu 3; Email Address: super250@pop.uky.edu; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 71110 Heraklio, Crete, Greece.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, CSC, Mail Stop T27-A1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000.  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy and Center for Computational Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055.; Source Info: 8/25/2003, Vol. 83 Issue 8, p1674; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ELECTRON transport; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1604948
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sumwalt, Robert L.
AU  - Thomas, Ronald J.
AU  - Dismukes, Key
T1  - The new last line of defense against aviation accidents.
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
Y1  - 2003/08/25/
VL  - 159
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 66
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - Every pilot knows safety depends on monitoring the aircraft's flight path and systems. What might not be obvious is that to ensure the highest levels of safety, each flight crewmember must also actively cross-check the actions of each cockpit colleague. These crew monitoring and cross-checking functions can literally be the last line of defense; when a crewmember can catch an error or unsafe act, this detection may break the chain of events leading to an accident. U.S. National Transportation Safety Board study of crew-caused air carrier accidents found that inadequate monitoring was a factor in 31 of the 37 accidents analyzed.
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Transportation Safety Board
N1  - Accession Number: 10893996; Sumwalt, Robert L. 1 Thomas, Ronald J. 2 Dismukes, Key 3; Affiliation:  1: chairman of the human factors and training group of the Air Line Pilots Assn.  2: Supervisor of fight training and standards for US Airways.  3: Chief scientist for human factors at NASA Ames Research Center.; Source Info: 8/25/2003, Vol. 159 Issue 8, p66; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Transportation Safety Board; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 959
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parthiban, Srinivasan
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Guha, Sujata
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
T1  - Theoretical Study of Chlorine Nitrates: Implications for Stratospheric Chlorine Chemistry.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2003/08/27/
VL  - 125
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 10446
EP  - 10458
SN  - 00027863
AB  - Reported here is a theoretical study of possible stratospheric chlorine reservoir species including isomers of chemical formula CINO[sub 4] and CINO[sub 5], in addition to the well-known CIONO[sub 2] reservoir species. Density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with large one-particle basis sets has been used to determine equilibrium structures, dipole moments, rotational constants, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and infrared intensities. The B3LYP functional was used since it has previously been shown to perform well for similar compounds. The equilibrium geometry and vibrational spectra of CIONO[sub 2] are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental data and also with high-level coupled-cluster calculations reported previously. Three stable isomers have been identified for each CINO[sub 4] and CINO[sub 5]. The vibrational spectrum of O[sub 2]CIONO[sub 2] has been compared with the available experimental data and found to be in good agreement. The relative energetics of the CINO[sub 4] and CINO[sub 5] isomers have been determined using large atomic natural orbital (ANO) basis sets in conjunction with the singles and doubles coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbational correction for triple excitations, denoted CCSD(T). Accurate heats of formation have been evaluated by computing energies for isodesmic reactions involving the CINO[sub 4] and CINO[sub 5] isomers. The stability of these molecules with respect to thermal dissociation is examined. The present study suggests that isomers of CINO[sub 4] and CINO[sub 5] may have no atmospheric chemical relevance because the atmospheric concentrations of the necessary reactants are insufficient, but it is also found that under laboratory conditions the formation of O[sub 2]CIONO[sub 2] cannot be ignored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHLORINE nitrate
KW  - NITROGEN oxychlorides
N1  - Accession Number: 10893339; Parthiban, Srinivasan 1 Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: tjlee@mail.arc.nasa.gov Guha, Sujata 2 Francisco, Joseph S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center  2: Indiana/Purdue University; Source Info: 8/27/2003, Vol. 125 Issue 34, p10446; Subject Term: CHLORINE nitrate; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxychlorides; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 17 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palma, Philip C.
AU  - Danehy, Paul M.
AU  - Houwing, A.F.P.
T1  - Fluorescence Imaging of Rotational and Vibrational Temperature in Shock-Tunnel Nozzle Flow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1722
EP  - 1732
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Two-dimensional rotational and vibrational temperature measurements were made at the nozzle exit of a freepiston shock tunnel using planar laser-induced fluorescence. The Mach 7 flow consisted predominantly of nitrogen with a trace quantity of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide was employed as the probe species and was excited at 225 nm. Nonuniformities in the distribution of nitric oxide in the test gas were observed and were concluded to be due to contamination of the test gas by driver gas or cold test gas. The nozzle-exit rotational temperature was measured and is in reasonable agreement with computational modeling. Nonlinearities in the detection system were responsible for systematic errors in the measurements. The vibrational temperature was measured to be constant with distance from the nozzle exit, indicating it had frozen during the nozzle expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - SHOCK tunnels
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 10819352; Palma, Philip C. 1 Danehy, Paul M. 2 Houwing, A.F.P. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Mechanical, Materials, Manufacturing Engineering and Management, Univeristy of Nottingham  2: Research Sciencist, Instrumentation Systems Development Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton  3: Department of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p1722; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: SHOCK tunnels; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 14 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heung Soo Kim
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Ghoshal, Anindya
T1  - Dynamic Analysis of Composite Laminates with Multiple Delamination Using Improved Layerwise Theory.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1771
EP  - 1779
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A procedure has been developed to investigate the dynamic response of composite structures, with embedded multiple delaminations. A recently developed improved layerwise composite laminate theory is extended to model composite laminates of moderately large thickness with delamination. The theory accurately predicts interlaminar shear stresses while maintaining computational efficiency. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are computed for cross-ply laminates with delaminations placed at different locations. Experiments are conducted to validate the developed theory. Numerical results indicate excellent correlation with analytical solutions and experimental results. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the effect of delamination location, both through the thickness and in plane, and number of delaminations on the dynamic response. A potential application of the developed procedure is in structural health monitoring where accurate predictions of dynamic response in the presence of delamination are important issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 10819357; Heung Soo Kim 1 Chattopadhyay, Aditi 1 Ghoshal, Anindya 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University  2: National Research Council Associate, Nondestructive Evaluation Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p1771; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 10 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Micromechanics-Based Modeling of Woven Polymer Matrix Composites.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1788
EP  - 1796
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A novel approach is combined with the generalized method of cells (GMC) to predict the elastic properties of plain-weave polymer matrix composites (PMCs). The traditional one-step three-dimensional homogenization procedure that has been used in conjunction with GMC for modeling woven composites in the past is inaccurate due to the lack of shear coupling inherent in the model. However, by performing a two-step homogenization procedure in which the woven composite repeating unit cell is homogenized independently in the through-the-thickness direction prior to homogenization in the plane of the weave, GMC can now accurately model woven PMCs. This two-step procedure is outlined and implemented, and predictions are compared with results from the traditional one-step approach as well as other model and experimental results from the literature. Full coupling of this two-step technique within the recently developed Micromechanics Analysis Code with GMC software package will result in a widely applicable, efficient, and accurate tool for the design and analysis of woven composite materials and structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - ELASTICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 10819359; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1 Arnold, Steven M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, Ohio Aerospace Institute  2: Structures Division, Life Prediction Branch, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p1788; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 10 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, Ponciano
AU  - Trivedi, Sudhir
AU  - Feng Jin
AU  - Chen-Chia Wang
AU  - Stepanov, Serguei
AU  - Elliott, Greg
AU  - Meyers, James F.
AU  - Lee, Joseph
AU  - Khurgin, Jacob
T1  - Pulsed-laser vibrometer using photoelectromotive-force sensors.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/09//9/1/2003
VL  - 83
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1893
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We demonstrate experimentally significant improvement in the sensitivity of photoelectromotive-force (photo-EMF) laser vibrometers using pulsed-light sources. The vibrating surface is discretely sampled by individual laser pulses and recorded by the photo-EMF sensor via the generation of photocurrent pulses whose magnitudes are proportional to the instantaneous surface displacements. With a sufficiently high sampling rate, reconstruction of the vibration wave form can be achieved by conducting envelope (or peak) detection of the resultant series of photocurrent pulses. Significantly higher peak optical power levels of the probe laser pulses, which can be orders of magnitude greater than those of continuous-wave interrogation lasers with the same average power, lead to proportional enhancement in the photo-EMF response and remarkable improvement in detection sensitivity when the photodetection process is initially amplifier noise current limited. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT sources
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - DETECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 10664985; Rodriguez, Ponciano 1 Trivedi, Sudhir 1 Feng Jin 1 Chen-Chia Wang 1; Email Address: ccwang@brimrose.com Stepanov, Serguei 2 Elliott, Greg 3 Meyers, James F. 4 Lee, Joseph 4 Khurgin, Jacob 5; Affiliation:  1: Brimrose Corporation of America, 7720 Belair Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21236.  2: Instituto Nacional de Astrofisica, Optica y Electrónica, Puebia, Mexico.  3: Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801.  4: NASA Langley Research Center Mail Stop 493, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  5: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Maryland 21218.; Source Info: 9/1/2003, Vol. 83 Issue 9, p1893; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1606882
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Poulet, François
T1  - Quantitative modeling of the spectral reflectance of Kuiper Belt objects and Centaurs
T2  - Mode´lisation quantitative des spectres de re´flectance des objets de la ceinture de Kuiper et des Centaures
JO  - Comptes Rendus Physique
JF  - Comptes Rendus Physique
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 783
SN  - 16310705
AB  - Reflectance spectroscopy of Solar System bodies provides a rich source of information on their compositions (minerals, ices, metals, and macromolecular carbon-bearing materials). Models calculated with radiative transfer theories for the spectral distribution of diffusely scattered sunlight from planetary surfaces yield information on the compositions, abundances, physical states, layering, and particle microstructure of those surfaces. We discuss and evaluate the scattering theories of Hapke and Shkuratov that are widely used for modeling the reflectance spectra and color data for Kuiper Belt objects, Centaur objects, and other airless bodies in the Solar System. Both theories yield good models of the reflectance spectrum of Centaur 5145 Pholus using five components (ices, carbon, a silicate mineral, and a complex organic material), although the derived abundances differ widely. To cite this article: D.P. Cruikshank et al., C. R. Physique 4 (2003). (English) [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - La spectroscopie de re´flectance des corps du syste&grave;me solaire est un moyen tre&grave;s efficace pour de´terminer la composition de leurs surfaces (mine´raux, glaces, composants carbone´s, et mate´riaux compose´s de macromole´cules). Des mode&grave;les base´s sur les the´ories de transfert radiatif simulent la diffusion de la lumie&grave;re solaire sur la surface plane´taire solide, ce qui permet alors de contraindre quantitativement la composition, l'abondance et l'e´tat physique des mate´riaux pre´sents sur la surface ainsi que sa microstructure. Les the´ories de diffusion d'Hapke et de Shkuratov qui sont commune´ment utilise´es pour mode´liser les donne´es spectrales des objets de Kuiper, des Centaures, et d'autres corps solides du syste&grave;me solaire sont discute´es et compare´es. Les deux the´ories sont alors utilise´es pour reproduire les spectres du Centaure Pholus 5145. Le meˆme me´lange constitue´ de 5 composants (glaces, un composant carbone´, un silicate, et un composant organique) permet de reproduire le spectre de cet objet avec les deux the´ories, cependant les abundances diffe´rent de manie&grave;re importante. Pour citer cet article : D.P. Cruikshank et al., C. R. Physique 4 (2003). (French) [Copyright 2003 Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Comptes Rendus Physique is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - SPECTRAL reflectance
KW  - SUNSHINE
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - Centaur objects
KW  - Kuiper Belt
KW  - Light scattering
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Diffusion de la lumière
KW  - objets Centaures
KW  - objets de Kuiper
KW  - Spectroscopie
N1  - Accession Number: 11400497; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: dcruikshank@mail.arc.nasa.gov Roush, Ted L. 1 Poulet, François 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: IAS, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p783; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Subject Term: SPECTRAL reflectance; Subject Term: SUNSHINE; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centaur objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper Belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion de la lumière; Author-Supplied Keyword: objets Centaures; Author-Supplied Keyword: objets de Kuiper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopie; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.crhy.2003.10.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tseng, K. K.
AU  - Tinker, M. L.
AU  - Lassiter, J. O.
AU  - Peairs, D. M.
T1  - TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCY OF IMPEDANCE-BASED NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING.
JO  - Experimental Techniques
JF  - Experimental Techniques
Y1  - 2003/09//Sep/Oct2003
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 36
SN  - 07328818
AB  - Discusses the results of applying the impedance-based nondestructive testing technique to the damage identification of composite laminates at various temperature environments ranging from cryogenic to elevated temperatures.  Applications of smart piezoceramic materials as actuators and sensors; Importance of the testing technique in monitoring the condition of composite laminates or honeycomb materials in reusable launch vehicle; Other applications of the technique.
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - MECHANICAL impedance
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - NDE
KW  - NDT
KW  - Piezo-ceramics
KW  - PZT
KW  - Smart Material
N1  - Accession Number: 15456205; Tseng, K. K. 1 Tinker, M. L. 2 Lassiter, J. O. 2 Peairs, D. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN  2: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hunstville, AL  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering at Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2003, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p33; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: MECHANICAL impedance; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezo-ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: PZT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smart Material; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lunine, Jonathan I.
AU  - Chambers, John
AU  - Morbidelli, Alessandro
AU  - Leshin, Laurie A.
T1  - The origin of water on Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 165
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 00191035
AB  - This paper considers the origin of water on Mars, in the context of a dynamical model that accounts for most of the Earth''s water as a product of collisions between the growing Earth and planet-sized “embryos” from the asteroid belt. Mars'' history is found to be different; to explain the present mass of Mars requires that it suffer essentially no giant collisions and the bulk of its growth is through addition of smaller bodies. Asteroids and comets from beyond 2.5 AU provide the source of Mars'' water, which totals 6–27% of the Earth''s present ocean (1 Earth ocean<f>≡1.5×1021</f> kg), equivalent to 600–2700-m depth on the martian surface. The D/H ratio of this material is 1.2–1.6 times Standard Mean Ocean Water, the smaller value obtaining for the larger amount of water accreted. The upper half of the range of total water accreted, while many times less than that acquired by the Earth, is consistent with geological data on Mars, and the D/H value is that derived for martian magmatic water from SNC meteorites. Both together are consistent with published interpretations of the high D/H in present-day martian atmospheric water in terms of water loss through atmospheric escape. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - atmosphere (Mars)
KW  - interior (Mars)
KW  - Planetesimals
KW  - Solar System (Origin)
N1  - Accession Number: 10740960; Lunine, Jonathan I. 1; Email Address: jlunine@lpl.arizona.edu Chambers, John 2,3 Morbidelli, Alessandro 4 Leshin, Laurie A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, BP 4229, F-06304 Nice cedex 4, France  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 165 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: METEORITES; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: interior (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetesimals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar System (Origin); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00172-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Marvin K.
AU  - Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
T1  - Probability of Error for Noncoherent M-ary Orthogonal FSK With Postdetection Switched Combining.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Communications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Communications
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 51
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1456
EP  - 1462
SN  - 00906778
AB  - This letter extends the notion of postdetection switched combining previously introduced by the authors to M-ary orthogonal modulation and proceeds to analyze and evaluate its average bit-error rate performance for the dual-branch case. The particular variation chosen for the switching strategy uses a different model than that previously used for the binary case and although it results in a slightly poorer performance, it nevertheless outperforms conventional (predetection) switched combining for all values of M. Results are obtained for a variety of popular channel models including Rayleigh. Rician, and Nakagami-m fading. Because of its relative simplicity of implementation, the proposed scheme once again offers a very attractive low-complexity solution for mitigating the deleterious effects of multipath fading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Communications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FREQUENCY stability
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - SWITCHING systems (Telecommunication)
KW  - PHASE shift keying
N1  - Accession Number: 11055945; Simon, Marvin K. 1; Email Address: marvin.k.simon@jpl.nasa.gov Alouini, Mohamed-Slim 2; Email Address: alouini@ece.umn.edu; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 51 Issue 9, p1456; Subject Term: FREQUENCY stability; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: SWITCHING systems (Telecommunication); Subject Term: PHASE shift keying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alouini, Mohamed-Slim
AU  - Simon, Marvin K.
T1  - Postdetection Switched Combining—A Simple Diversity Scheme With Improved BER Performance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Communications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Communications
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 51
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1591
EP  - 1602
SN  - 00906778
AB  - This paper develops, analyzes, and optimizes a simpler form of dual-branch switch-and-stay combining (SSC), namely, one that relies on the output signal plus noise rather than the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to trigger the switching between the diversity branches. Analysis supported by numerical results show that the newly proposed postdetection SSC scheme outperforms predetection SSC and this performance gain increases as the channel conditions improve in terms of average SNR and/or severity of fading. In brief, when simplicity of implementation is of primary concern, as is the case, for example, in mobile units, the proposed scheme offers an attractive low-complexity solution to mitigate the deleterious effects of multipath fading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Communications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SWITCHING systems (Telecommunication)
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
N1  - Accession Number: 11055959; Alouini, Mohamed-Slim 1; Email Address: alouini@ece.umn.edu Simon, Marvin K. 2; Email Address: marvin.k.simon@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 51 Issue 9, p1591; Subject Term: SWITCHING systems (Telecommunication); Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holliday, JoAnne
AU  - Steinke, Robert
AU  - Agrawal, Divyakant
AU  - El Abbadi, Amr
T1  - Epidemic Algorithms for Replicated Databases.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
Y1  - 2003/09//Sep/Oct2003
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1218
EP  - 1238
SN  - 10414347
AB  - We present a family of epidemic algorithms for maintaining replicated database systems. The algorithms are based on the causal delivery of log records where each record corresponds to one transaction instead of one operation. The first algorithm in this family is a pessimistic protocol that ensures serializability and guarantees strict executions. Since we expect the epidemic algorithms to be used in environments with low probability of conflicts among transactions, we develop a variant of the pessimistic algorithm which is optimistic in that transactions commit as soon as they terminate locally and inconsistencies are detected asynchronously as the effects of committed transactions propagate through the system. The last member of the family of epidemic algorithms is pessimistic and uses voting with quorums to resolve conflicts and improve transaction response time. A simulation study evaluates the performance of the protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATABASE management
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 10819797; Holliday, JoAnne 1; Email Address: jholliday@acm.org Steinke, Robert 2; Email Address: Robert.Steinke@jpl.nasa.gov Agrawal, Divyakant 3; Email Address: {agrawal, amr}@cs.ucsb.edu El Abbadi, Amr 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Engineering, Santa Clara University  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  3: Department of Computer Science, University of California at Santa Barbara; Source Info: Sep/Oct2003, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p1218; Subject Term: DATABASE management; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 10 Diagrams, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaretsky, Erwin V.
AU  - Hendricks, Robert C.
AU  - Soditus, Sherry
T1  - Weibull-Based Design Methodology for Rotating Structures in Aircraft Engines.
JO  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
JF  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 313
EP  - 325
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1023621X
AB  - The NASA Energy-Efficient Engine (E 3 -Engine) is used as the basis of a Weibull-based life and reliability analysis. Each component's life, and thus the engine's life, is defined by high-cycle fatigue or low-cycle fatigue. Knowing the cumulative life distribution of each of the components making up the engine as represented by a Weibull slope is a prerequisite to predicting the life and reliability of the entire engine. As the engine's Weibull slope increases, the predicted life decreases. The predicted engine lives L 5 (95% probability of survival) of approximately 17,000 and 32,000 hr do correlate with current engine-maintenance practices without and with refurbishment, respectively. The individual high-pressure turbine (HPT) blade lives necessary to obtain a blade system life L 0.1 (99.9% probability of survival) of 9000 hr for Weibull slopes of 3, 6, and 9 are 47,391; 20,652; and 15,658 hr, respectively. For a design life of the HPT disks having probable points of failure equal to or greater than 36,000 hr at a probability of survival of 99.9%, the predicted disk system life L 0.1 can vary from 9408 to 24,911 hr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Rotating Machinery is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - Design
KW  - Engine
KW  - Failure
KW  - Life
KW  - Turbine
KW  - Weibull
N1  - Accession Number: 10726835; Zaretsky, Erwin V. 1 Hendricks, Robert C. 1 Soditus, Sherry 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  2: United Airlines Maintenance, San Francisco, California, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p313; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: WEIBULL distribution; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakes, Catherine Murphy
AU  - Kim, Chan M.
AU  - Ramos, Calvin T.
T1  - An assessment of Gigabit Ethernet technology and its applications at the NASA Glenn Research Center: a case study
JO  - Journal of Engineering & Technology Management
JF  - Journal of Engineering & Technology Management
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 245
SN  - 09234748
AB  - This case study describes Gigabit Ethernet (GigE) and its role in supporting R&D programs at NASA Glenn. These programs require an advanced high-speed network capable of transporting multimedia traffic, including real-time visualization, high-resolution graphics, and scientific data. GigE is a 1 Megabits per second (Gbps) extension to 10 and 100 Mbps Ethernet. The IEEE 802.3z and 802.3ab standards define the MAC layer and 1000BASE-X and 1000BASE-T physical layer specifications for GigE. GigE switches and buffered distributors (BDs) support IEEE 802.3x flow control. The case study also compares GigE with ATM in terms of quality of service, data rate, throughput, scalability, interoperability, network management, and cost of ownership. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering & Technology Management is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ETHERNET (Local area network system)
KW  - ASYNCHRONOUS transfer mode
KW  - ATM
KW  - Campus backbone
KW  - Gigabit Ethernet
KW  - NASA Glenn
KW  - Quality of service
N1  - Accession Number: 10356496; Bakes, Catherine Murphy 1; Email Address: cbakes@bsa3.kent.edu; Kim, Chan M. 2; Ramos, Calvin T. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Management and Information Systems, College of Business Administration, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Issue Info: Sep2003, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p245; Thesaurus Term: ETHERNET (Local area network system); Subject Term: ASYNCHRONOUS transfer mode; Author-Supplied Keyword: ATM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Campus backbone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gigabit Ethernet; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Glenn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality of service; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0923-4748(03)00021-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Einstein, Gilles O.
AU  - Williford, Carrie L.
AU  - Pagan, Jason L.
AU  - McDaniel, Mark A.
AU  - Dismukes, R. Key
T1  - Forgetting of Intentions in Demanding Situations Is Rapid.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 162
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 1076898X
AB  - Demanding work settings often require the deferral of intended actions. In 3 experiments, participants were to withhold a response until they encountered a task change (which occurred 5, 15, or 40 s later). To approximate highly demanding settings, the experimenters sometimes divided attention during the delay period. During some of the delays the experimenters interrupted the participants with an additional task (Experiment 1). Demanding conditions as well as interruptions revealed rapid forgetting of intentions at levels that would be considered significant in applied settings. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that this rapid forgetting was not reduced by strategic rehearsal and implementation intention strategies. The results suggest that maintaining intentions over brief delays is not a trivial task for the human cognitive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN error
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - MENTAL work
N1  - Accession Number: 13771674; Einstein, Gilles O. 1; Email Address: gil.einstein@furman.edu; Williford, Carrie L. 1; Pagan, Jason L. 1; McDaniel, Mark A. 2; Dismukes, R. Key 3; Affiliations: 1: Furman University; 2: University of New Mexico; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Sep2003, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p147; Thesaurus Term: HUMAN error; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: MENTAL work; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 11 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/1076-898X.9.3.147
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park
AU  - S.
AU  - Srivastava
AU  - D.
AU  - Cho
AU  - K.
T1  - Generalized Chemical Reactivity of Curved Surfaces:  Carbon Nanotubes.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 3
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1273
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We have developed a model to predict the chemical reactivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) quantitatively from their initial structures. The parameters, universal for each reaction, of the model can be obtained from a graphene sheet analysis. The chemical reactivity of hydrogenation, hydroxylation, and fluorination were predicted within 0.1-0.3 eV errors, compared with first principle simulation results. The model also predicted the enhanced chemical reactivity of mechanically bent CNTs. The predictions can be applied to the controlled functionalization of CNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - HYDROGENATION
N1  - Accession Number: 10816336; Park S. 1 Srivastava D. 1 Cho K. 1; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Chemical and Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and NASA Ames Research Center, CSC/NAS, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 3 Issue 9, p1273; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: HYDROGENATION; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hazeltine, Eliot
AU  - Bunge, Silvia A.
AU  - Scanlon, Michael D.
AU  - Gabrieli, John D.E.
T1  - Material-dependent and material-independent selection processes in the frontal and parietal lobes: an event-related fMRI investigation of response competition
JO  - Neuropsychologia
JF  - Neuropsychologia
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1208
SN  - 00283932
AB  - The present study used the flanker task [Percept. Psychophys. 16 (1974) 143] to identify neural structures that support response selection processes, and to determine which of these structures respond differently depending on the type of stimulus material associated with the response. Participants performed two versions of the flanker task while undergoing event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Both versions of the task required participants to respond to a central stimulus regardless of the responses associated with simultaneously presented flanking stimuli, but one used colored circle stimuli and the other used letter stimuli. Competition-related activation was identified by comparing Incongruent trials, in which the flanker stimuli indicated a different response than the central stimulus, to Neutral stimuli, in which the flanker stimuli indicated no response. A region within the right inferior frontal gyrus exhibited significantly more competition-related activation for the color stimuli, whereas regions within the middle frontal gyri of both hemispheres exhibited more competition-related activation for the letter stimuli. The border of the right middle frontal and inferior frontal gyri and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) were significantly activated by competition for both types of stimulus materials. Posterior foci demonstrated a similar pattern: left inferior parietal cortex showed greater competition-related activation for the letters, whereas right parietal cortex was significantly activated by competition for both materials. These findings indicate that the resolution of response competition invokes both material-dependent and material-independent processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Neuropsychologia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC resonance imaging
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC imaging
KW  - Domain-specificity
KW  - Executive control
KW  - Flanker task
KW  - Response competition
KW  - Response selection
N1  - Accession Number: 9721240; Hazeltine, Eliot 1; Email Address: ehazeltine@mail.arc.nasa.gov Bunge, Silvia A. 2 Scanlon, Michael D. 3 Gabrieli, John D.E. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Neurosciences Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA  3: Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p1208; Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance imaging; Subject Term: DIAGNOSTIC imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Domain-specificity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Executive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flanker task; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response competition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response selection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0028-3932(03)00040-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
T1  - NEW FACTORIZABLE DISCRETIZATIONS FOR THE EULER EQUATIONS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 657
EP  - 681
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - A multigrid method is defined as having textbook multigrid efficiency (TME) if solutions to the governing system of equations are attained in a computational work that is a small (less than 10) multiple of the operation count in one target-grid residual evaluation. A way to achieve TME for the Euler and Navier­Stokes equations is to apply the distributed relaxation method, thereby separating the elliptic and hyperbolic partitions of the equations. Design of a distributed relaxation scheme can be significantly simplified if the principal linearization of the target discretization possesses two properties: (1) factorizability and (2) consistent approximations for the separate factors. The first property implies that the discrete system determinant can be represented as a product of discrete factors, each of them approximating a corresponding factor of the determinant of the differential equations. The second property requires that the discrete factors reflect the physical anisotropies, be stable, and be easily solvable. This paper presents an approach to the derivation of discretization schemes for which TME can be achieved by multigrid solvers with distributed relaxation. In particular, discrete schemes for the nonconservative Euler equations possessing properties (1) and (2) have been derived and analyzed. The accuracy of these scheme has been tested for subsonic flow regimes and compared with accuracy of standard schemes. TME has been demonstrated in solving fully subsonic quasi—one-dimensional flow in a convergent/divergent channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAGRANGE equations
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - RELAXATION phenomena
KW  - FACTORIALS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - PARTITIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - distributed relaxation
KW  - Euler equations
KW  - factorizable schemes
KW  - textbook multigrid efficiency
N1  - Accession Number: 12217038; Diskin, Boris 1; Email Address: bdiskin@nia.net Thomas, James L. 2; Email Address: j.l.thomas@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace (NIA), 144 Research Dr., Hampton  2: Computational Modelling and Simulation Branch, Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p657; Subject Term: LAGRANGE equations; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: RELAXATION phenomena; Subject Term: FACTORIALS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PARTITIONS (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: distributed relaxation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Euler equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: factorizable schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: textbook multigrid efficiency; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nigam, S.
AU  - Kim, Jihyun
AU  - Luo, B.
AU  - Ren, F.
AU  - Chung, G.Y.
AU  - Shenai, K.
AU  - Neudeck, P.G.
AU  - Pearton, S.J.
AU  - Williams, J.R.
T1  - Role of device area, mesa length and metal overlap distance on breakdown voltage of 4H-SiC p–i–n rectifiers
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2003/09//
VL  - 47
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1461
SN  - 00381101
AB  - The reverse breakdown voltage (<f>VB</f>) of p–i–n rectifiers fabricated on 4H-SiC was measured as a function of device active area, mesa length and metal overlap distance for diodes with SiO2 passivated mesa edge termination. <f>VB</f> was inversely dependent on device area for the range 0.01–0.36 mm2, decreasing from ∼−1030 to ∼−730 V. The breakdown voltage was not dependent on mesa length and was maximized at ∼5 μm metal overlap distance. The on/off ratio was ∼104 at 3.5/−1000 V, with the power figure-of-merit <f>VB2</f>/<f>RON</f> reaching values as high as 84.5 MW cm−2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BREAKDOWN voltage
KW  - ELECTRIC current rectifiers
N1  - Accession Number: 10007389; Nigam, S. 1 Kim, Jihyun 1 Luo, B. 1 Ren, F. 1; Email Address: ren@che.ufl.edu Chung, G.Y. 2 Shenai, K. 3 Neudeck, P.G. 4 Pearton, S.J. 5 Williams, J.R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116005, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  2: Sterling Semiconductor, Tampa, FL 33619, USA  3: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  6: Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 47 Issue 9, p1461; Subject Term: BREAKDOWN voltage; Subject Term: ELECTRIC current rectifiers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0038-1101(03)00072-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
T1  - Analysis of surface and bulk behavior in Ni–Pd alloys
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2003/09/03/
VL  - 51
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 4395
SN  - 13596454
AB  - The most salient features of the surface structure and bulk behavior of Ni–Pd alloys have been studied using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys. Large-scale atomistic simulations were performed to investigate surface segregation profiles as a function of temperature, crystal face, and composition. Pd enrichment of the first layer was observed in (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) surfaces, and enrichment of the top two layers occurred for (1 1 0) surfaces. In all cases, the segregation profile shows alternated planes enriched and depleted in Pd. In addition, the phase structure of bulk Ni–Pd alloys as a function of temperature and composition was studied. A weak ordering tendency was observed at low temperatures, which helps to explain the compositional oscillations in the segregation profiles. Finally, based on atom-by-atom static energy calculations, a comprehensive explanation for the observed surface and bulk features will be presented in terms of competing chemical and strain energy effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - PLATINUM
KW  - SURFACES (Physics)
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Nickel alloys
KW  - Ordering
KW  - Platinum group
KW  - Surface segregation
N1  - Accession Number: 10425421; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Noebe, Ronald D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 51 Issue 15, p4395; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: PLATINUM; Subject Term: SURFACES (Physics); Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ordering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Platinum group; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface segregation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1359-6454(03)00275-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okojie, Robert S.
AU  - Holzheu, Thomas
AU  - XianRong Huang
AU  - Dudley, Michael
T1  - X-ray diffraction measurement of doping induced lattice mismatch in n-type 4H-SiC epilayers grown on p-type substrates.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/09/08/
VL  - 83
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1971
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - High-resolution x-ray diffractometry was used to measure the lattice mismatch and misorientation in n-type 4H-SiC epilayers grown homoepitaxially on p-type 4H-SiC as function of different nitrogen doping levels. The spatially averaged lattice mismatch increased from 1.0×10[sup -5] to 4.0×10[sup -5], 6.3×10[sup -5], 8.8×10[sup -5], and 11.6×10[sup -5] in epilayers doped 4.1×10[sup 17] cm[sup -3], 2.6×10[sup 18] cm[sup -3], 1.7×10[sup 19] cm[sup -3], 2.2×10[sup 19], and 4×10[sup 19], respectively. The resolved multiple subsidiary peaks in the rocking curve of the epilayers doped 2.2×10[sup 19] and 4×10[sup 19] cm[sup -3] are likely due to high density of domain boundaries. The increase in mismatch with doping, is attributed to the substitutional nitrogen incorporated preferentially in the host carbon sites of the 4H-SiC epilayer. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
N1  - Accession Number: 10719132; Okojie, Robert S. 1; Email Address: robert.s.okojie@nasa.gov Holzheu, Thomas 2 XianRong Huang 3 Dudley, Michael 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Ohio  2: CAMET Research, Inc., California  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook; Source Info: 9/8/2003, Vol. 83 Issue 10, p1971; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1606497
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev
AU  - G. L.
AU  - Bauschlicher
AU  - C. W. Jr.
T1  - Electron Affinities, Ionization Energies, and Fragmentation Energies of Fen Clusters (n = 2-6):  A Density Functional Theory Study.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2003/09/08/
VL  - 107
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 7013
SN  - 10895639
AB  - The electronic and geometrical structures of the ground and exited states of Fen, Fen-, and Fen+ are computed by density functional theory. Because the assignment of the ground states of Fe3, Fe3-, Fe4, and Fe4- is controversial, these systems are studied using several different functionals. It appears that the LSDA and B3LYP methods do not work well for iron clusters and should be avoided. The number of unpaired electrons in the neutral ground states is 6(Fe2), 10(Fe3), 14(Fe4), 16(Fe5), and 20(Fe6). The number of unpaired electrons in the ground states of the anions and cations differ by one from the corresponding neutral, except for Fe4+, which has three fewer unpaired electrons than Fe4. The computed DFT adiabatic electron affinities and ionization potentials of the neutral clusters are in good agreement with experiment. Fragmentation energies are in qualitative agreement with experiment, where the error is about 1 eV for the dissociation energy of the iron dimer. The natural bond analysis allows one to qualitatively understand the nature of high local magnetic moments at iron sites and their evolution from Fe2 to Fe6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - IRON
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 10905917; Gutsev G. L. 1 Bauschlicher C. W. Jr. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 107 Issue 36, p7013; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zheng, Yao
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
T1  - A novel approach of three-dimensional hybrid grid methodology: Part 1. Grid generation
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2003/09/12/
VL  - 192
IS  - 37/38
M3  - Article
SP  - 4147
SN  - 00457825
AB  - We propose a novel approach of three-dimensional hybrid grid methodology, the DRAGON grid method in the three-dimensional space. The DRAGON grid is created by means of a Direct Replacement of Arbitrary Grid Overlapping by Nonstructured grid, and is structured-grid dominated with unstructured grids in small regions. The DRAGON grid scheme is an adaptation to the Chimera thinking. It is capable of preserving the advantageous features of both the structured and unstructured grids, and eliminates/minimizes their shortcomings. In the present paper, we describe essential and programming aspects, and challenges of the three-dimensional DRAGON grid method, with respect to grid generation. We demonstrate the capability of generating computational grids for multi-components complex configurations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - THREE-dimensional display systems
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Grid generation
KW  - Hybrid grid
N1  - Accession Number: 10635442; Zheng, Yao; Email Address: yao.zheng@zju.edu.cn Liou, Meng-Sing 1; Email Address: meng-sing.liou-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 5-11, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 192 Issue 37/38, p4147; Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: THREE-dimensional display systems; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grid generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid grid; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0045-7825(03)00385-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
AU  - Zheng, Yao
T1  - A novel approach of three-dimensional hybrid grid methodology: Part 2. Flow solution
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2003/09/12/
VL  - 192
IS  - 37/38
M3  - Article
SP  - 4173
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Following the previous paper of this series, which addresses the generation approach of three-dimensional DRAGON grids, we demonstrate the capability of effectively performing three-dimensional flow calculations for multi-components complex configurations. The flow solution is conducted by means of using a seamlessly integrated package made up of two well-validated NASA solvers, which are structured- and unstructured-grid codes, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - DATA flow computing
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - AUSM scheme
KW  - Cascade flow
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Flow solution
KW  - Hybrid grid
KW  - Subsonic flow
KW  - Supersonic flow
KW  - Turbine vanes
KW  - Turbomachinery
KW  - Viscous flow
N1  - Accession Number: 10635443; Liou, Meng-Sing 1; Email Address: meng-sing.liou-1@nasa.gov Zheng, Yao; Email Address: yao.zheng@computer.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 5-11, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 192 Issue 37/38, p4173; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: DATA flow computing; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: AUSM scheme; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cascade flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow solution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid grid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subsonic flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine vanes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbomachinery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscous flow; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0045-7825(03)00386-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Qi Ye, Alan M.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Reactor design considerations in the hot filament/direct current plasma synthesis of carbon nanofibers.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2003/09/15/
VL  - 94
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 4070
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Explores a combined hot filament/direct current plasma approach to chemical vapor deposition of carbon nanofibers (CNF) using an acetylene/ammonia feedstock.  Impact of filament usage and substrate holder design; Demonstration that the filament wire is important primarily in the pretreatment of the substrate, thus improving CNF growth quality.
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
N1  - Accession Number: 11028655; Cruden, Brett A. 1,2; Email Address: bcruden@mail.arc.nasa.gov Cassell, Alan M. 1,2 Qi Ye, Alan M. 1,2 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, California  2: Eloret Corporation; Source Info: 9/15/2003, Vol. 94 Issue 6, p4070; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
T1  - Tensile creep of polycrystalline near-stoichiometric NiAl
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2003/09/15/
VL  - 356
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Long term tensile creep studies were conducted on binary NiAl in the temperature range 700–1200 K with the objectives of characterizing and understanding the creep mechanisms. Inverse and normal primary creep curves were observed depending on stress and temperature. It is concluded that the primary creep of NiAl is limited by dislocation mobility. The stress exponent for creep, n, decreased from 13.9 at 700 K to 5.5 at 1200 K. The true activation energy for creep, Qc, was constant and equal to about 400 kJ mol−1 between 20 and 50 MPa but decreased to a constant value of 250 kJ mol−1 between 50 and 110 MPa. The activation energy was observed to be stress dependent above 110 MPa. The tensile creep results reported in this investigation were compared with compression creep data reported in the literature. A detailed discussion of the probable dislocation creep mechanisms governing compressive and tensile creep of NiAl is presented. It is concluded that the non-conservative motion of jogs on screw dislocations influenced the nature of the primary creep curves, where the climb of these jogs involves either the next nearest neighbor or the six-jump cycle vacancy diffusion mechanism. A phenomenological model discusses the nature of the atom–vacancy exchange process likely to lead to the climb of these jogs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - ACTIVATION (Chemistry)
KW  - Activation energy
KW  - High temperature deformation
KW  - NiAl
KW  - Primary creep
KW  - Tensile creep
N1  - Accession Number: 10925078; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 356 Issue 1/2, p283; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: ACTIVATION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiAl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Primary creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tensile creep; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00137-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lázaro, Ester
AU  - Escarmís, Cristina
AU  - Pérez-Mercader, Juan
AU  - Manrubia, Susanna C.
AU  - Domingo, Esteban
T1  - Resistance of virus to extinction on bottleneck passages: Study of a decaying and fluctuating pattern of fitness loss.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2003/09/16/
VL  - 100
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 10830
EP  - 10835
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Studies the decaying and fluctuating pattern of fitness loss in the resistance of foot-to-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to extinction on bottleneck passages. Determination of the virus, fitness values, cells and infections; Fitness loss of FMDV clones; Molecular mechanisms associated in the extinction of viruses.
KW  - VIRUSES
KW  - EXTINCTION (Biology)
N1  - Accession Number: 11051645; Lázaro, Ester 1 Escarmís, Cristina 2 Pérez-Mercader, Juan 1; Email Address: mercader@laeff.esa.es Manrubia, Susanna C. 1 Domingo, Esteban 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Astrobiología (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas—Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial), Associated with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, Spain  2: Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain; Source Info: 9/16/2003, Vol. 100 Issue 19, p10830; Subject Term: VIRUSES; Subject Term: EXTINCTION (Biology); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Dunyou
AU  - Huo, Winifred M.
AU  - Dateo, Christopher E.
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Stallcop, James R.
T1  - Reactive resonances in the N + N2 exchange reaction
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/09/19/
VL  - 379
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 132
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Rich reactive resonances are found in a 3D quantum dynamics study of the N + N2 exchange reaction using our recently developed ab initio potential energy surface that has a shallow well between two transition states. An <f>L2</f> analysis confirms that the quasibound states of ‘Lake Eyring’ are responsible for the reactive resonances with some quasibound states, mostly the bending motions, giving rise to strong reasonance peaks, whereas others contributing to the shoulders in the resonance structure. This is the first observation of reactive resonances from a ‘Lake Eyring’ feature in a potential energy surface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 10864138; Wang, Dunyou; Email Address: dywang@nas.nasa.gov Huo, Winifred M. 1 Dateo, Christopher E. Schwenke, David W. 1 Stallcop, James R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computational Chemistry, NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 379 Issue 1/2, p132; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2003.08.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaffe
AU  - R. L.
T1  - Quantum Chemistry Study of Fullerene and Carbon Nanotube Fluorination.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2003/09/22/
VL  - 107
IS  - 38
M3  - Article
SP  - 10378
SN  - 15206106
AB  - The reaction of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes with molecular fluorine has been studied using B3LYP calculations. The nanotube substrates are represented by model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are constrained to have nonplanar geometries with curvatures corresponding to (10,10), (5,5), and (16,0) nanotubes. Most of the calculations for fullerenes are carried out for C60. The calculations are focused on the addition of one to four F-atoms to the fullerene or nanotube substrate. The preferred binding sites for sequential fluorine addition are studied along with the geometry deformations experienced by the substrate. For C60, a strong preference exists for pairwise addition to the C-C double bonds between pentagons (denoted 6/6 addition). Subsequent addition to neighboring 6/6 bonds is also favored. These results are in agreement with recent experimental data. For addition of F2 to armchair nanotubes, the favored product has the fluorine atoms bonded to adjacent carbons with an orientation perpendicular to the tube axis, whereas for zigzag nanotubes the favored orientation is parallel to the tube axis. However, in the latter case a second product with the fluorine atoms at the 1-4 positions of a hexagon, but still parallel to the tube axis, is less than 0.8 kcal/mol higher in energy. The binding energy of a pair of fluorine atoms to C60 is 115 kcal/mol, which is greater than the value found for any of the nanotube model molecules. Zigzag nanotubes are found to form more stable fluorination products than armchair tubes of comparable diameter (83 kcal/mol for (16,0) compared to 76 kcal/mol for (10,10) for addition of F2). However, smaller diameter nanotubes such as the (5,5) armchair tube have even higher binding energies (91 kcal/mol for addition of F2). For C60 and (10,10) nanotubes, addition of a second F-atom pair results in higher binding energies per F-atom than is found for the first pair. Limited calculations have been carried out to estimate the energy barriers for the fluorination process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 10920501; Jaffe R. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 107 Issue 38, p10378; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, J.
AU  - Sung, P.K.
AU  - Tewari, S.N.
AU  - Poirier, D.R.
AU  - de Groh III, H.C.
T1  - Directional solidification and convection in small diameter crucibles
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2003/09/25/
VL  - 357
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 397
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Pb–2.2 wt.% Sb alloy was directionally solidified in 1, 2, 3 and 7 mm diameter crucibles. Pb–Sb alloy presents a solutally unstable case. Under plane–front conditions, the resulting macrosegregation along the solidified length indicates that convection persists even in the 1 mm diameter crucible. Al–2 wt.% Cu alloy was directionally solidified because this alloy was expected to be stable with respect to convection. Nevertheless, the resulting macrosegregation pattern and the microstructure in solidified examples indicated the presence of convection. Simulations performed for both alloys show that convection persists for crucibles as small as 0.6 mm of diameter. For the solutally stable alloy, Al–2 wt.% Cu, the simulations indicate that the convection arises from a lateral temperature gradient. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLIDIFICATION
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - Al–Cu
KW  - Convection
KW  - Directional solidification
KW  - Pb–Sb
KW  - Smaller diameter crucibles
N1  - Accession Number: 10322480; Chen, J. 1 Sung, P.K. 2 Tewari, S.N. 1 Poirier, D.R. 2; Email Address: poirierd@u.arizona.edu de Groh III, H.C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Chemical Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Advanced Metallics Branch, NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 357 Issue 1/2, p397; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al–Cu; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directional solidification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pb–Sb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smaller diameter crucibles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00223-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, S.-H.
AU  - Reeves, J. M.
AU  - Wilson, J. C.
AU  - Hunton, D. E.
AU  - Viggiano, A. A.
AU  - Miller, T. M.
AU  - Ballenthin, J. O.
AU  - Lait, L R.
T1  - Particle Formation by Ion Nucleation in the UpperTroposphere and Lower Stratosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2003/09/26/
VL  - 301
IS  - 5641
M3  - Article
SP  - 1886
EP  - 1889
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Unexpectedly high concentrations of ultrafine particles were observed over a wide range of latitudes in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Particle number concentrations and size distributions simulated by a numerical model of ion-induced nucleation, constrained by measured thermodynamic data and observed atmospheric key species, were consistent with the observations. These findings indicate that, at typical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere conditions, particles are formed by this nucleation process and grow to measurable sizes with sufficient sun exposure and low preexisting aerosol surface area. Ion-induced nucleation is thus a globally important source of aerosol particles, potentially affecting cloud formation and radiative transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 11062470; Lee, S.-H. 1; Email Address: shanlee@du.edu Reeves, J. M. 1 Wilson, J. C. 1 Hunton, D. E. 2 Viggiano, A. A. 2 Miller, T. M. 2 Ballenthin, J. O. 2 Lait, L R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.  2: Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicle Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, MA 01731, USA.  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Coddard Space Flight Center, Creenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; Source Info: 9/26/2003, Vol. 301 Issue 5641, p1886; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3492
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xuezeng Zhao, S.
AU  - Vorburger, Theodore V.
AU  - Fu, Joseph
AU  - Song, John
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
T1  - A Model for Step Height, Edge Slope and Linewidth Measurements Using AFM.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2003/09/30/
VL  - 683
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 400
EP  - 408
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Nano-scale linewidth measurements are performed in semiconductor manufacturing and in the data storage industry and will become increasingly important in micro-mechanical engineering. With the development of manufacturing technology in recent years, the sizes of linewidths are steadily shrinking and are in the range of hundreds of nanometers. As a result, it is difficult to achieve accurate measurement results for nanometer scale linewidth, primarily because of the interaction volume of electrons in materials for an SEM probe or the tip size of an AFM probe. However, another source of methods divergence is the mathematical model of the line itself. In order to reduce the methods divergences caused by different measurement methods and instruments for an accurate determination of nanometer scale linewidth parameters, a metrological model and algorithm are proposed for linewidth measurements with AFM. The line profile is divided into 5 parts with 19 sections and 20 key derived points. Each section is fitted by a least squares straight line, so that the profile can be represented by a set of straight lines and 6 special points, or by a 20×2 matrix of fitted points and a 6×2 matrix of starter points. According to the algorithm, WT and WTF, WM and WMF, WB and WBF represent the widths at the top, the middle and the bottom of the line profile before and after the least squares fitting, respectively. AL and AR represent the left and right sidewall angles, and H represents the step height of the line profile. Based on this algorithm, software has been developed using MATLAB for the calculation of width and height parameters of the line profile. A NIST nanometer scale linewidth artifact developed at NIST’s Electronics and Electrical Engineering Laboratory (EEEL) was measured using a commercial AFM with nanotube tips. The measured linewidth profiles are analyzed using our model, algorithm and software. The model developed in this paper is straightforward to understand, and provides a common set of parameters to evaluate the nano-scale line feature. © 2003 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR industry
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 10969820; Xuezeng Zhao, S. 1 Vorburger, Theodore V. 1 Fu, Joseph 1 Song, John 1 Nguyen, Cattien V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Precision Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, MD, USA  2: ELORET Corp./NASA Ames Research Center, CA, USA; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 683 Issue 1, p400; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR industry; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1622502
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pollack, Martha E.
AU  - Brown, Laura
AU  - Colbry, Dirk
AU  - McCarthy, Colleen E.
AU  - Orosz, Cheryl
AU  - Peintner, Bart
AU  - Ramakrishnan, Sailesh
AU  - Tsamardinos, Ioannis
T1  - Autominder: an intelligent cognitive orthotic system for people with memory impairment
JO  - Robotics & Autonomous Systems
JF  - Robotics & Autonomous Systems
Y1  - 2003/09/30/
VL  - 44
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
SN  - 09218890
AB  - The world’s population is aging at a phenomenal rate. Certain types of cognitive decline, in particular some forms of memory impairment, occur much more frequently in the elderly. This paper describes Autominder, a cognitive orthotic system intended to help older adults adapt to cognitive decline and continue the satisfactory performance of routine activities, thereby potentially enabling them to remain in their own homes longer. Autominder achieves this goal by providing adaptive, personalized reminders of (basic, instrumental, and extended) activities of daily living. Cognitive orthotic systems on the market today mainly provide alarms for prescribed activities at fixed times that are specified in advance. In contrast, Autominder uses a range of AI techniques to model an individual’s daily plans, observe and reason about the execution of those plans, and make decisions about whether and when it is most appropriate to issue reminders. Autominder is currently deployed on a mobile robot, and is being developed as part of the Initiative on Personal Robotic Assistants for the Elderly (the Nursebot project). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Robotics & Autonomous Systems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - ADULTS
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - ORTHOPEDIC apparatus
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - MACHINE theory
KW  - Autominder
KW  - Cognitive orthotic systems
KW  - Reminder systems
N1  - Accession Number: 10695154; Pollack, Martha E. 1; Email Address: pollackm@umich.edu Brown, Laura 2 Colbry, Dirk 3 McCarthy, Colleen E. 4 Orosz, Cheryl 1 Peintner, Bart 1 Ramakrishnan, Sailesh 5 Tsamardinos, Ioannis 2; Affiliation:  1: Computer Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  2: Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA  3: Computer Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA  4: Computer Engineering and Computer Science, California State University at Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA  5: QSS Group Inc./NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2003, Vol. 44 Issue 3/4, p273; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: ADULTS; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: ORTHOPEDIC apparatus; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: MACHINE theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autominder; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive orthotic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reminder systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0921-8890(03)00077-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bur, R.
AU  - Benay, R.
AU  - Chanetz, B.
AU  - Galli, A.
AU  - Pot, T.
AU  - Hollis, B.
AU  - Moss, J.
T1  - Experimental and numerical study of the Mars Pathfinder vehicle
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 510
SN  - 12709638
AB  - An experimental and numerical study on the Mars Pathfinder aeroshell vehicle has been carried out in the framework of an agreement between ONERA and NASA. The experimental work was performed in the ONERA R5Ch hypersonic wind tunnel. Flowfield visualizations and heat-flux measurements along the model have been obtained. Numerical simulations have been performed at ONERA with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver NASCA and at NASA with a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code. The flowfield structure is correctly reproduced by both computations. The location of the bow shock is well predicted, as well as the expansion waves emanating from the end of the forebody cone. Both computations also predict the same extension of the separation bubble in the base flow region of the model. Measured and calculated heat-flux distributions along the model have been compared. Both computations give similar results, except for the prediction of the heat-flux level on the afterbody cone. But computations overpredict the measured heat-flux values on the forebody and the model sting: the value of the stagnation point is overestimated at 28% and the average sting level at 35%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - HYPERSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - DSMC code
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Hypersonic
KW  - Navier–Stokes solver
KW  - Separation
KW  - Shock wave
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 10926873; Bur, R. 1; Email Address: reynald.bur@onera.fr Benay, R. 1 Chanetz, B. 1 Galli, A. 1 Pot, T. 1 Hollis, B. 2 Moss, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Fundamental and Experimental Aerodynamics Department, Office National d'Etudes et de Recherche Aérospatiales (ONERA), BP 72, 29 avenue de la division Leclerc, 92322 Châtillon Cedex, France  2: Aerothermodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 7 Issue 7, p510; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSMC code; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersonic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes solver; Author-Supplied Keyword: Separation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock wave; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1270-9638(03)00062-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tze-Wing Yep
AU  - Agrawal, Ajay K.
AU  - Griffin, DeVon
T1  - Gravitational Effects on Near-Field Flow Structure of Low-Density Gas Jets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1973
EP  - 1979
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Experiments were conducted in Earth gravity and microgravity to acquire quantitative data on near-field flow structure of helium jets injected into air. Microgravity conditions were simulated in the 2.2-s drop tower at NASA John H. Glenn Research Center. The jet flow was observed by quantitative rainbow schlieren deflectometry, a nonintrusive line-of-sight measurement technique suited for the microgravity environment. The flow structure was characterized by distributions of helium mole fraction obtained from color schlieren images taken at 60 Hz. Results show that the jet in microgravity was up to 70% wider than that in Earth gravity. Experiments reveal that the global flow oscillations observed in Earth gravity are absent in microgravity. Quantitative details are provided of flow evolution as the experiment undergoes change in gravity in the drop tower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR-fields
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 11067904; Tze-Wing Yep 1 Agrawal, Ajay K. 1; Email Address: aagrawal@ou.edu Griffin, DeVon 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma  2: Microgravity Science Division, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Ohio; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 41 Issue 10, p1973; Subject Term: NEAR-fields; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 26 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Jaroslaw
AU  - Altus, Troy D.
AU  - Phillips, Matthew
AU  - Sandusky, Robert
T1  - Bilevel Integrated System Synthesis for Concurrent and Distributed Processing.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1996
EP  - 2003
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A new version is introduced of the bilevel integrated system synthesis method intended for optimization of engineering systems conducted by distributed specialty groups working concurrently in a multiprocessor computing environment. The method decomposes the overall optimization task into subtasks associated with disciplines or subsystems, where the local design variables are numerous and a single, system-level optimization whose design variables are relatively few. The subtasks are fully autonomous as to their inner operations and decision making. Their purpose is to eliminate the local design variables and generate a wide spectrum of feasible designs whose behavior is represented by response surfaces to be accessed by a system-level optimization. It is shown that, if the problem is convex, the solution of the decomposed problem is the same as that obtained without decomposition. A simplified example of an aircraft design shows the method working as intended. A discussion of the method merits and demerits as well as recommendations for further research is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - DISTRIBUTED computing
N1  - Accession Number: 11067907; Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Jaroslaw 1 Altus, Troy D. 1,2 Phillips, Matthew 1,2 Sandusky, Robert 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Analytical and Computational Methods Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia  2: George Washington University; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 41 Issue 10, p1996; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTED computing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xueyong Qu
AU  - Haftka, Raphael T.
AU  - Venkataraman, Satchi
AU  - Johnson, Theodore F.
T1  - Deterministic and Reliability-Based Optimization of Composite Laminates for Cryogenic Environments.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2029
EP  - 2036
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Designs of composite laminates are investigated for hydrogen tanks in cryogenic environments. Large residual strains, which can develop due to thermal mismatch between matrix and fibers, result in matrix cracking at cryogenic temperatures and increase hydrogen leakage through the tank wall. To reduce thermal mismatch, ply angles need to be close to each other, but this leads to a substantial weight increase under biaxial loading. First deterministic optimization is used to investigate possible weight reduction measures. Reducing axial loads on walls by auxiliary stiffening mechanisms led to significant weight reduction. Reliability-based optimizations were performed to identify the uncertainties in composite material properties with the largest influences on the optimum design. Then measures for reducing uncertainty in important parameters are examined. The results indicate that the most effective measure for reducing thickness is quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - HYDROGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 11067911; Xueyong Qu 1; Email Address: xueyong@mae.ufl.edu Haftka, Raphael T. 1; Email Address: haftka@ufl.edu Venkataraman, Satchi 2; Email Address: satchi@engineering.sdsu.edu Johnson, Theodore F. 3; Email Address: t.f.johnson@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, San Diego State University, California  3: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 41 Issue 10, p2029; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 19 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mironov, Alexander A.
AU  - Mironov Jr., Alexander A.
AU  - Beznoussenko, Galina V.
AU  - Trucco, Alvar
AU  - Lupetti, Pietro
AU  - Smith, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Geerts, Willie J.C.
AU  - Koster, Abraham J.
AU  - Burger, Koert N.J.
AU  - Martone, Maryann E.
AU  - Deerinck, Thomas J.
AU  - Ellisman, Mark H.
AU  - Luini, Alberto
T1  - ER-to-Golgi Carriers Arise through Direct En Bloc Protrusion and Multistage Maturation of Specialized ER Exit Domains
JO  - Developmental Cell
JF  - Developmental Cell
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 583
SN  - 15345807
AB  - Protein transport between the ER and the Golgi in mammalian cells occurs via large pleiomorphic carriers, and most current models suggest that these are formed by the fusion of small ER-derived COPII vesicles. We have examined the dynamics and structural features of these carriers during and after their formation from the ER by correlative video/light electron microscopy and tomography. We found that saccular carriers containing either the large supramolecular cargo procollagen or the small diffusible cargo protein VSVG arise through cargo concentration and direct en bloc protrusion of specialized ER domains in the vicinity of COPII-coated exit sites. This formation process is COPII dependent but does not involve budding and fusion of COPII-dependent vesicles. Fully protruded saccules then move centripetally, evolving into one of two types of carriers (with distinct kinetic and structural features). These findings provide an alternative framework for analysis of ER-to-Golgi traffic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Developmental Cell is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - CELLS
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - MEDICAL radiography
N1  - Accession Number: 11040707; Mironov, Alexander A. 1 Mironov Jr., Alexander A. 1 Beznoussenko, Galina V. 1 Trucco, Alvar 1 Lupetti, Pietro 2 Smith, Jeffrey D. 3 Geerts, Willie J.C. 4 Koster, Abraham J. 4 Burger, Koert N.J. 4 Martone, Maryann E. 5 Deerinck, Thomas J. 5 Ellisman, Mark H. 5 Luini, Alberto 1; Email Address: luini@negrisud.it; Affiliation:  1: Department of Cell Biology and Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche “Mario Negri”, Consorzio Mario Negri Sud, 66030 Santa Maria Imbaro (Chieti), Italy  2: Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva, Università di Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  4: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands  5: National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p583; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: MEDICAL radiography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Jacobson, Lewis A.
T1  - Activated EGL-15 FGF receptor promotes protein degradation in muscles of Caenorhabditis elegans.
JO  - EMBO Journal
JF  - EMBO Journal
Y1  - 2003/10//10/1/2003
VL  - 22
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5058
EP  - 5067
SN  - 02614189
AB  - Signaling by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors has been previously implicated in control of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Here we report a novel role for signaling by the EGL-15 FGFR of Caenorhabditis elegans in controlling protein degradation in differentiated muscle. Activation of EGL-15, by means of a reduction of function mutation (clr-1) affecting an inhibitory phosphatase, triggers protein degradation in adult muscle cells using a pre-existing proteolytic system. This activation is not suppressed by mutation in either of the known genes encoding FGF ligands (egl-17 or let-756) but is well suppressed when both are mutated, indicating that either ligand is sufficient and at least one is necessary for FGFR activation. Activity of the Ras pathway through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is required to trigger protein degradation. This is the first report that degradation of intracellular protein can be triggered by a growth factor receptor using an identified signal transduction pathway. The data raise the possibility that FGF-triggered proteolysis may be relevant to muscle remodeling or dedifferentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EMBO Journal is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - CAENORHABDITIS elegans
KW  - MUSCLES
KW  - PROTEIN kinases
KW  - MITOGENS
KW  - PROTEOLYSIS
KW  - oncogene
KW  - proteolysis
KW  - Ras
KW  - remodeling
KW  - signal transduction
N1  - Accession Number: 12956568; Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. 1 Jacobson, Lewis A. 2; Email Address: LJAC@pitt.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  2: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.; Source Info: 10/1/2003, Vol. 22 Issue 19, p5058; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: CAENORHABDITIS elegans; Subject Term: MUSCLES; Subject Term: PROTEIN kinases; Subject Term: MITOGENS; Subject Term: PROTEOLYSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: oncogene; Author-Supplied Keyword: proteolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ras; Author-Supplied Keyword: remodeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: signal transduction; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/emboj/cdg472
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forth, S.C.
AU  - Favrow, L.H.
AU  - Keat, W.D.
AU  - Newman, J.A.
T1  - Three-dimensional mixed-mode fatigue crack growth in a functionally graded titanium alloy
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 70
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2175
SN  - 00137944
AB  - The implementation of unitized structure in the aerospace industry has resulted in complex geometries and load paths. Hence, structural failure due to three-dimensional mixed-mode fatigue crack growth is a mounting concern. In addition, the development of functionally graded materials has further complicated structural integrity issues by intentionally introducing material variability to create desirable mechanical behavior. Ti–6Al–4V β-STOA (solution treated over-aged) titanium is a functionally graded metallic alloy that has been tailored for superior fatigue crack growth and fracture response compared with traditional titanium alloys. Specifically, the near-surface material of Ti β-STOA is resistant to fatigue crack incubation and the interior is more resistant to fatigue crack growth and fracture. Therefore, Ti β-STOA is well suited for applications where surface cracking is a known failure mode. Advances in experimental testing have shown that complex loading conditions and multi-faceted materials can be tested reliably. In this paper, the authors will experimentally generate three-dimensional mixed-mode surface crack data in functionally graded Ti–6Al–4V β-STOA and comment on the effect of the material tailoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - Fatigue crack growth
KW  - Functionally graded
KW  - Mixed-mode
KW  - Titanium
N1  - Accession Number: 10176907; Forth, S.C. 1; Email Address: s.c.forth@larc.nasa.gov Favrow, L.H. 2 Keat, W.D. 3 Newman, J.A. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, 2 West Reid St., Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Pratt & Whitney Aircraft, East Hartford, CT, USA  3: Union College, Mechanical Engineering Department, Schenectady, NY, USA  4: US Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 70 Issue 15, p2175; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functionally graded; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed-mode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00237-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuerger, Andrew C.
AU  - Mancinelli, Rocco L.
AU  - Kern, Roger G.
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Survival of endospores of Bacillus subtilis on spacecraft surfaces under simulated martian environments:: implications for the forward contamination of Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 165
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 253
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Experiments were conducted in a Mars simulation chamber (MSC) to characterize the survival of endospores of Bacillus subtilis under high UV irradiation and simulated martian conditions. The MSC was used to create Mars surface environments in which pressure (8.5 mb), temperature (<f>−80</f>, <f>−40</f>, <f>−10</f>, or <f>+23</f> °C), gas composition (Earth-normal N2<f>/</f>O2 mix, pure N2, pure CO2, or a Mars gas mix), and UV-VIS-NIR fluence rates (200–1200 nm) were maintained within tight limits. The Mars gas mix was composed of CO2 (95.3%), N2 (2.7%), Ar (1.7%), O2 (0.2%), and water vapor (0.03%). Experiments were conducted to measure the effects of pressure, gas composition, and temperature alone or in combination with Mars-normal UV-VIS-NIR light environments. Endospores of B. subtilis, were deposited on aluminum coupons as monolayers in which the average density applied to coupons was <f>2.47×106</f> bacteria per sample. Populations of B. subtilis placed on aluminum coupons and subjected to an Earth-normal temperature (23 °C), pressure (1013 mb), and gas mix (normal N2<f>/</f>O2 ratio) but illuminated with a Mars-normal UV-VIS-NIR spectrum were reduced by over 99.9% after 30 sec exposure to Mars-normal UV fluence rates. However, it required at least 15 min of Mars-normal UV exposure to reduce bacterial populations on aluminum coupons to non-recoverable levels. These results were duplicated when bacteria were exposed to Mars-normal environments of temperature (<f>−10</f> °C), pressure (8.5 mb), gas composition (pure CO2), and UV fluence rates. In other experiments, results indicated that the gas composition of the atmosphere and the temperature of the bacterial monolayers at the time of Mars UV exposure had no effects on the survival of bacterial endospores. But Mars-normal pressures (8.5 mb) were found to reduce survival by approximately 20–35% compared to Earth-normal pressures (1013 mb). The primary implications of these results are (a) that greater than 99.9% of bacterial populations on sun-exposed surfaces of spacecraft are likely to be inactivated within a few tens of seconds to a few minutes on the surface of Mars, and (b) that within a single Mars day under clear-sky conditions bacterial populations on sun-exposed surfaces of spacecraft will be sterilized. Furthermore, these results suggest that the high UV fluence rates on the martian surface can be an important resource in minimizing the forward contamination of Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACILLUS subtilis
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Mars
KW  - Regoliths
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Ultraviolet observations
N1  - Accession Number: 10861302; Schuerger, Andrew C. 1; Email Address: schueac@kscems.ksc.nasa.gov Mancinelli, Rocco L. 2 Kern, Roger G. 3 Rothschild, Lynn J. 4 McKay, Christopher P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Dynamac Corporation, Mail Code DYN-3, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  2: SETI Institute, NASA–Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Lab, Calif. Institute of Technology, Mars Exploration Directorate, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA–Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Space Science Division, NASA–Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 165 Issue 2, p253; Subject Term: BACILLUS subtilis; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00200-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Catling, David C.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
T1  - The nature of coarse-grained crystalline hematite and its implications for the early environment of Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 165
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft has detected deposits of coarse-grained, gray crystalline hematite in Sinus Meridiani, Aram Chaos, and Vallis Marineris. We argue that the key to the origin of gray hematite is that it requires crystallization at temperatures in excess of about 100 °C. We discuss thermal crystallization (1) as diagenesis at a depth of a few kilometers of sediments originally formed in low-temperature waters, or (2) as precipitation from hydrothermal solution. In Aram Chaos, a combination of TES data, Mars Orbiter Camera images, and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topography suggests that high concentrations of hematite were formed in planar strata and have since been exposed by erosion of an overlying light-toned, caprock. Lesser concentrations of hematite are found adjacent to these strata at lower elevations, which we interpret as perhaps due to accumulation from physical weathering. The topography and the collapsed nature of the chaotic terrain favor a hydrothermally charged aquifer as the original setting where the hematite formed. Concentration of iron into such an ore-like body would be chemically favored by saline, Cl-rich hydrothermal fluids. An alternative sedimentary origin requires post-depositional burial to a depth of <f>∼3</f>–5 km to induce thermally driven recrystallization of fine-grained iron oxides to coarse-grained hematite. This depth of burial and re-exposure is difficult to reconcile with commonly inferred martian geological processes. However, shallow burial accompanied by post-burial hydrothermal activity remains plausible. When the hematite regions originally formed, redox balance requires that much hydrogen must have been evolved to complement the extensive oxidation. Finally, we suggest that the coexistence of several factors required to form the gray hematite deposits would have produced a favorable environment for primitive life on early Mars, if it ever existed. These factors include liquid water, abundant electron donors in the form of H2, and abundant electron acceptors in the form of Fe<f>3+</f>. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - HEMATITE
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL deposits
KW  - evolution (Atmospheres)
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - surface (Mars)
N1  - Accession Number: 10861303; Catling, David C. 1; Email Address: davidc@atmos.washington.edu Moore, Jeffrey M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Astrobiology Program and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195-1640, USA  2: MS 245-3, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 93035-1000, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 165 Issue 2, p277; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: HEMATITE; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL deposits; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution (Atmospheres); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface (Mars); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00173-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph D.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - A simple expression for vertical convective fluxes in planetary atmospheres
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 165
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 407
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We explore the vertical convective flux <f>Fc</f> in a radiative-convective grey atmosphere. An expression of the form <f>Fc=Fsτo/(C+Dτo)</f> appears useful, where <f>Fs</f> is the shortwave flux absorbed at the base of an atmosphere with longwave optical depth <f>τo</f> and <f>C</f> and <f>D</f> are constants. We find excellent agreement with an idealized grey radiative-convective model with no shortwave absorption for <f>D=1</f> and <f>C=1∼2</f> depending on the surface-atmosphere temperature contrast and on the imposed critical lapse rate. Where shortwave absorption is correlated with longwave opacity, as in the atmospheres of Earth and Titan, <f>C=2</f>, <f>D=2</f> provides an excellent fit, validated against the present terrestrial situation and the results of a nongrey model of Titan''s strongly antigreenhouse atmosphere under a wide range of conditions. The expression may be useful for studying the energetics of planetary climates through time where there is insufficient data to constrain more elaborate models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - LIGHT absorption
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - dynamics (Atmospheres)
KW  - Prebiotic environments
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 10861313; Lorenz, Ralph D. 1; Email Address: rlorenz@lpl.arizona.edu McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 165 Issue 2, p407; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: LIGHT absorption; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamics (Atmospheres); Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00205-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tentzeris, E. M.
AU  - Ponchak, G. E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, J.
T1  - Coupling between microstrip lines embedded in polyimide layers for 3D-MMICs on Si.
JO  - IEE Proceedings -- Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEE Proceedings -- Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 150
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
EP  - 350
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 13502417
AB  - Three-dimensional circuits built on multiple layers of polyimide are required for constructing Si/SiGe monolithic microwave/millimetre-wave integrated circuits on CMOS (low resistivity) Si wafers. However, the closely spaced transmission lines are susceptible to high levels of coupling, which degrade circuit performance. In this paper, finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis and measured characteristics of novel shielding structures that significantly reduce coupling between embedded microstrip lines are presented. A discussion of the electric and magnetic field distributions for the coupled microstrip lines is presented to provide a physical rationale for the presented results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEE Proceedings -- Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRIP transmission lines
KW  - MICROSTRIP antennas
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION lines
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - FINITE differences
N1  - Accession Number: 11330337; Tentzeris, E. M. 1 Ponchak, G. E. 2 Papapolymerou, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0250, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA  3: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-6250; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 150 Issue 5, p344; Subject Term: STRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: MICROSTRIP antennas; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION lines; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: FINITE differences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/ip-map:20030545
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chevalier, Christine T.
AU  - Kory, Carol L.
AU  - Wilson, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Wintucky, Edwin G.
AU  - Dayton Jr., James A.
T1  - Traveling-Wave Tube Cold-Test Circuit Optimization Using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 50
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2179
EP  - 2180
SN  - 00189383
AB  - The internal optimizer of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (MWS) was used along with an application-specific Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) script to develop a method to optimize traveling-wave tube (TWT) cold-test circuit performance. The optimization procedure allows simultaneous optimization of circuit specifications including onaxis interaction impedance, bandwidth or geometric limitations. The application of MWS to TWT cold-test circuit optimization is described below. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAVELING-wave tubes
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 11087445; Chevalier, Christine T. 1; Email Address: Christine.Chevalier@grc.nasa.gov Kory, Carol L. 1 Wilson, Jeffrey D. 2 Wintucky, Edwin G. 1 Dayton Jr., James A.; Affiliation:  1: Analex Corporation, NASA Glenn Research Center  2: NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 50 Issue 10, p2179; Subject Term: TRAVELING-wave tubes; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chandrasekar, V.
AU  - Bolen, Steven M.
AU  - Gorgucci, Eugenio
T1  - Microphysical Cross Validation of Spaceborne Radar and Ground Polarimetric Radar.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2003/10//Oct2003 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 41
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2153
EP  - 2165
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Ground-based polarimetric radar observations along the beam path of the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR), matched in resolution volume and aligned to PR measurements, are used to estimate the parameters of a gamma raindrop size distribution (RSD) model along the radar beam in the presence of rain. The PR operates at 13.8 GHz, and its signal returns can undergo significant attenuation due to rain, which requires compensation to adequately assess the rain rate. The current PR algorithm used for attenuation correction of the reflectivity is cross validated using ground based dual-polarization radar measurements. Data from the Texas and Florida Under flights (TEFLUN-B) campaign and TRMM Large-scale Biosphere Atmosphere (LBA) experiment are used in the analysis. The statistical behavior of the raindrop size distribution parameters are presented along the vertical profile through the rain layer, which is used to evaluate the PR attenuation correction and rainfall algorithms. The PR rain rate estimates are compared to ground radar estimates. The standard error of the difference between the rainfall estimates from PR mi ground radar was within the error of the rainfall estimates from the two instruments. Though no systematic differences between PR attenuation-corrected reflectivity and ground radar reflectivity measurements are observed, there may exist some under correction and over correction on a beam-by-beam basis. Comparison of the normalized reflectivity versus rainfall relation between PR and ground polarimetric radar is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GROUND penetrating radar
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - SPACE-based radar
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - polarimetric radar
KW  - precipitation
KW  - space-based radar
KW  - tropical rainfall measuring mission (trmm).
N1  - Accession Number: 11419066; Chandrasekar, V. 1 Bolen, Steven M. 2 Gorgucci, Eugenio 3; Affiliation:  1: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1373 USA.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center Houston, TX 77058 USA.  3: Istituto di Fisica dell' Atmosfera (CNR), Area di Ricerca, University Roma "Tor Vergata," 100-00133 Roma, Italy.; Source Info: Oct2003 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 41 Issue 10, p2153; Subject Term: GROUND penetrating radar; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: SPACE-based radar; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarimetric radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: space-based radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical rainfall measuring mission (trmm).; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2003.817186
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, Zhanming
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Hasanyan, Davresh
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - Magnetoelastic modeling of circular cylindrical shells immersed in a magnetic field. Part I: Magnetoelastic loads considering finite dimensional effects
JO  - International Journal of Engineering Science
JF  - International Journal of Engineering Science
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 2005
SN  - 00207225
AB  - Determination of magnetoelastic loads acting on a perfectly electro-conductive circular cylindrical shell immersed in a uniform applied magnetic field is addressed. The finite dimensional effects related to the finite length and finite thickness of the shell are taken into consideration. Fourier integral method is used to derive the singular integral equations governing the distributed magnetoelastic loads. As special cases, determination of magnetoelastic loads via discarding the thickness effect are obtained from the general formulation, and the magnetoelastic loads of infinitely long shells are derived. Magnetoelastic loads on plate strips or infinite plates are also reduced from the general formulation. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this represents the first work devoted to the analytical determination of magnetoelastic loads on circular cylindrical shells considering the finite length and thickness effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - FOURIER integral operators
N1  - Accession Number: 10231506; Qin, Zhanming 1 Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Hasanyan, Davresh 1 Ambur, Damodar R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Cose (0219) Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, USA  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 41 Issue 17, p2005; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: FOURIER integral operators; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0020-7225(03)00134-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, Zhanming
AU  - Hasanyan, Davresh
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - Magnetoelastic modeling of circular cylindrical shells immersed in a magnetic field: Part II: Implications of finite dimensional effects on the free vibrations
JO  - International Journal of Engineering Science
JF  - International Journal of Engineering Science
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 2023
SN  - 00207225
AB  - In the context of free vibration analysis of axi-symmetric perfectly electro-conductive circular cylindrical shells, four simplified magnetoelastic load models are investigated. Concerning the model of circular cylindrical shells, a linear theory based on Love–Kirchhoff hypothesis is adopted. Due to the high complexities involving singularity of integral equations, infinite integral domains and excessive time needed to evaluate some kernels, special treatments are designed toward achieving highly efficient and highly accurate numerical computation. The influence of applied magnetic field, thickness ratio and dimensionless radius on free vibrations of circular cylindrical shells are further investigated and pertinent conclusions are outlined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRAL equations
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 10231507; Qin, Zhanming 1 Hasanyan, Davresh 1 Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Ambur, Damodar R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Cose (0219), Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, USA  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 41 Issue 17, p2023; Subject Term: INTEGRAL equations; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0020-7225(03)00135-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, H.J.
AU  - Kihm, K.D.
AU  - Allen, J.S.
T1  - Examination of ratiometric laser induced fluorescence thermometry for microscale spatial measurement resolution
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 46
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 3967
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Ratiometric laser induced fluorescence (LIF) thermometry technique has been quantitatively examined for its capability for a microscale field-of-view. The goal of the study is to quantitatively examine the measurement accuracy of the ratiometric LIF technique at sub-millimeter and micron scales for its potential use as a microscale temperature mapping tool. Measurements have been made for the steady temperature fields established by thermal buoyancy inside 1-mm wide closed test cell with low Grashof–Prandtl numbers (<f>86<GrwPr<301</f>), and the detailed measured data have been compared with the well-known predictions. The smallest measurement resolution could be achieved being equivalent to the CCD pixel size of 4.7 μm in the present experiment, but with large data uncertainties. The measurement uncertainties show persistent improvement to better than ±1 °C when measurement resolution is equivalent to 76 μm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - RATIOMETER (Electric meter)
N1  - Accession Number: 10231267; Kim, H.J. 1 Kihm, K.D. 2; Email Address: ken-kihm@tamu.edu Allen, J.S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Division of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 442-749, South Korea  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA  3: The National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 46 Issue 21, p3967; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: RATIOMETER (Electric meter); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00243-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Matrosov, Sergey
AU  - Baum, Bryan
T1  - Ice Water Path–Optical Depth Relationships for Cirrus and Deep Stratiform Ice Cloud Layers.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1369
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - Particle size distribution (PSD) and particle shape information collected during Lagrangian spiral descents and balloon ascents through 13 midlatitude and 6 tropical ice clouds are analyzed to investigate the relationship between cloud optical depth in visible wavelengths (τ[sub υ] ) and the ice water path (IWP). Although this sample size is small, it is far larger than the number of samples used in earlier studies and has the added benefit that it contains data from the top to the bottom of cloud layers, averaging 3 km in geometrical thickness. Furthermore, the observed particle shape and habit information are used directly in the investigation, rather than assuming that the habits are one of a number of pristine types. These observations apply to midlatitude clouds in the temperature range from -65° to -20°C, with τ[sub υ] between 0.5 and 7, and estimated radar reflectivities primarily in the range from -20 to 5 dBZ[sub e] (at a frequency of 35 GHz), with some observations extending down to -45 dBZ[sub e] . The tropical observations apply to clouds in the temperature range from -50° to 0°C, with τ[sub υ] in the range 20–30, and radar reflectivities primarily between -5 and 25 dBZ[sub e] (at a frequency of 35 GHz). Quantitative relationships between τ[sub υ] and IWP that depend on the cloud thickness, midcloud temperature, slope of the particle size distribution, median mass diameter, and effective radius are explored and developed. The underlying basis of these relationships is the correlation between the slope of the particle size distribution and cloud temperature or thickness. The slope of the particle size distribution tends to decrease with increasing cloud thickness (beginning from cloud top) and temperature. This tendency toward a flatter spectral slope, with increasing penetration into the cloud layer, leads to a monotonic decrease in the extinction coefficient relative to the ice water content downward from the cloud top to base. Relationships between τ[sub υ] and IWP as a function of the effective radius (r[sub e] ) and the median mass diameter (D[sub m] ) are found from these observations, and are compared with those found in earlier studies. Given a value of the IWP and a known value of r[sub e] , the earlier studies provide estimates of the τ[sub υ] that are comparable to the results of this study. Several means of estimating r[sub e] and D[sub m] indirectly, to circumvent the need to know the values of these variables directly from measurements, are developed. First, relationships are developed between r[sub e] and IWP. Second, relationships are developed to retrieve these variables from vertically pointing Doppler radar observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 10955420; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: heymsl@ncar.ucar.edu Matrosov, Sergey 2 Baum, Bryan 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, and NOAA/Environmental Technology Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p1369; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, S. L.
AU  - Siow, Y. K.
AU  - Teo, C. Y.
AU  - Tacina, R. R.
AU  - Iannetti, A. C.
AU  - Penko, P. F.
T1  - Numerical Study of Lean-Direct Injection Combustor With Discrete-Jet Swirlers Using Reynolds Stress Model.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 125
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1059
EP  - 1065
SN  - 07424795
AB  - The flowfield in a lean-direct injection (LDI) combustor with discrete-jet swirlers is described and analyzed using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code with a Reynolds stress turbulence model (RSTM). The results from the RSTM are compared to time-averaged laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) data, as well as results from the National Combustion Code (NCC) that has a cubic nonlinear κ-ε turbulence model, and from the KIVA code using the standard κ-ε model. The comparisons of results indicate that the RSTM accurately describes the flow details and resolves recirculation zones and high velocity gradients while the κ-ε models are unable to capture most flow structures. This confirms that, within the Reynolds averaging approach, the higher-order RSTM is preferred for simulating complex flowfields where separations, strong anisotropy, and high swirl are present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - LASER Doppler velocimeter
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ANISOTROPY
N1  - Accession Number: 12421858; Yang, S. L. 1 Siow, Y. K. 2 Teo, C. Y. 3 Tacina, R. R. 4 Iannetti, A. C. 4 Penko, P. F. 4; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering--Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931-1295  2: Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Mechanical Engineering--Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931-1295  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering--Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931-1295  4: Combustion Technology Branch NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 125 Issue 4, p1059; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: LASER Doppler velocimeter; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1610012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harik, Vasyl Michael
T1  - Control of Damage in Composite Laminates by Ply-Stacking Designs: Characteristic Failure Signatures and Safety Criteria.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
JF  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 125
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 393
SN  - 00944289
AB  - Structural designs for composite laminated systems can be optimized for a fail-safe inservice performance by introducing the built-in cumulative-damage-indicators for the progressive degradation of material properties. This design methodology is based on the concepts of the characteristic failure signature (CFS), cumulative-damage states and a load-drop sequence that characterize the stress-strain response and progressive accumulation of damage. The cumulative damage mechanics is based on the three-dimensional laminate analysis that is used to predict nonlinear response of composites, accumulation of damage and failure behavior. An earlier-developed nonlinear analysis involves an incremental formulation that couples the three-dimensional laminate analysis with a progressive ply-failure methodology, which has been tested in the World-Wide Exercise on Composites Failure Theories. The failure signatures are shown to have unique "safety features" that depend on the ply stacking sequence and predominant loading. To refine the analysis of micromechanical damage a model for the macro-to-micro coupling is introduced. Various examples of failure envelopes, characteristic failure signatures, a safety criterion and the "safe" CFSs that lead to the desired controlled failures are discussed for symmetric balanced laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS
N1  - Accession Number: 11146325; Harik, Vasyl Michael 1; Affiliation:  1: Mem. ASME ICASE, MS 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 125 Issue 4, p385; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shu Chieh Wu, Pierre
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - Characteristics of Covert and Overt Visual Orienting: Evidence From Attentional and Oculomotor Capture.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1050
EP  - 1067
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Five visual search experiments found oculomotor and attentional capture consistent with predictions of contingent orienting, contrary to claims that oculomotor capture is purely stimulus driven. Separate saccade and attend-only conditions contained a color target appearing either singly, with an onset or color distractor, or both. In singleton mode, onsets produced oculomotor and attentional capture. In feature mode, capture was absent or greatly reduced, providing evidence for top-down modulation of both types of capture. Although attentional capture by color distractors was present throughout, oculomotor capture by color occurred only when accompanied by transient change, providing evidence for a dissociation between oculomotor and attentional capture. Oculomotor and attentional capture appear to be mediated by top-down attentional control settings, but transient change may be necessary for oculomotor capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLOR vision
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - ORIENTING reflex
KW  - SACCADIC eye movements
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 11264033; Shu Chieh Wu, Pierre 1; Email Address: scwu@mait.arc.nasa.gov Remington, Roger W. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 29 Issue 5, p1050; Subject Term: COLOR vision; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: ORIENTING reflex; Subject Term: SACCADIC eye movements; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farge, Marie
AU  - Schneider, Kai
AU  - Pellegrino, Giulio
AU  - Wray, Alan A.
AU  - Rogallo, Robert S.
T1  - Coherent vortex extraction in three-dimensional homogeneous turbulence: Comparison between CVS-wavelet and POD-Fourier decompositions.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2886
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The coherent vortex simulation (CVS) decomposes each realization of a turbulent flow into two orthogonal components: An organized coherent flow and a random incoherent flow. They both contribute to all scales in the inertial range, but exhibit different statistical behaviors. The CVS decomposition is based on the nonlinear filtering of the vorticity field, projected onto an orthonormal wavelet basis made of compactly supported functions, and the computation of the induced velocity field using Biot-Savart's relation. We apply it to a three-dimensional homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow with a Taylor microscale Reynolds number R[sub λ] = 168, computed by direct numerical simulation at resolution N=256³. Only 2.9%N wavelet modes correspond to the coherent flow made of vortex tubes, which contribute 99% of energy and 79% of enstrophy, and exhibit the same k[sup -5/3] energy spectrum as the total flow. The remaining 97.l%N wavelet modes correspond to a incoherent random flow which is structureless, has an equipartition energy spectrum, and a Gaussian velocity probability distribution function (PDF). For the same flow and the same compression rate, the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), which in this statistically homogeneous case degenerates into the Fourier basis, decomposes each flow realization into large scale and small scale flows, in a way similar to large eddy simulation (LES) filtering. It is shown that the large scale flow thus obtained does not extract the vortex tubes equally well as the coherent flow resulting from the CVS decomposition. Moreover, the small scale flow still contains coherent structures, and its velocity PDF is stretched exponential, while the incoherent flow is structureless, decorrelated, and its velocity PDF is Gaussian. Thus, modeling the effect of the incoherent flow discarded by CVS-wavelet shall be easier than modeling the effect of the small scale flow discarded by POD-Fourier or LES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 10759626; Farge, Marie 1; Email Address: farge@lmd.ens.fr Schneider, Kai 2,3 Pellegrino, Giulio 3 Wray, Alan A. 4 Rogallo, Robert S. 4; Affiliation:  1: LMD-IPSL-CNRS, Ecole Normale Supériure, France  2: CMI, Université de Provence, France  3: L3M-CNRS, IMT, France  4: NASA-Ames Research Center, California; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 15 Issue 10, p2886; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGilloway, R.L.
AU  - Weaver, R.W.
AU  - Ming, D.W.
AU  - Gruener, J.E.
T1  - Nitrification in a zeoponic substrate.
JO  - Plant & Soil
JF  - Plant & Soil
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 256
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 371
EP  - 378
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0032079X
AB  - Clinoptilolite is a zeolite mineral with high cation exchange capacity used in zeoponic substrates that have been proposed as a solid medium for growing plants or as a fertilizer material. The kinetics of nitrification has not been measured for NH4+ saturated zeoponic substrate. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the production of NO2- and NO3-, and nitrifier populations in zeoponic substrates. Small columns were filled with zeoponic substrate inoculated with a commercial inoculum or soil enrichment culture of nitrifying bacteria. In addition to column studies, a growth chamber study was conducted to evaluate the kinetics of nitrification in zeoponic substrates used to grow radishes (Raphanus sativus L.). The zeoponic substrate provided a readily available source of NH4+, and nitrifying bacteria were active in the substrate. Ammonium oxidation rates in column studies ranged from 5 to 10 μg N g-1 substrate h-1, and NO2- oxidation rates were 2 to 9.5 μg N g-1 substrate h-1. Rates determined from the growth chamber study were approximately 1.2 μg N g-1 substrate h-1. Quantities of NH4+ oxidized to NO2- and NO3- in inoculated zeoponic substrate were in excess of plant up-take. Acidification as a result of NH4+ oxidation resulted in a pH decline, and the zeoponic substrate showed limited buffering capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant & Soil is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrification
KW  - Plant growing media
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Zeolites
KW  - Clinoptilolite
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - nitrification
KW  - nitrifying bacteria
KW  - radish
KW  - zeoponics
N1  - Accession Number: 14991618; McGilloway, R.L. 1; Weaver, R.W. 1; Email Address: rw-weaver@tamu.edu; Ming, D.W. 2; Gruener, J.E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Soil and Crop Sciences Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843–2474, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX, 77058, USA; Issue Info: Oct2003, Vol. 256 Issue 2, p371; Thesaurus Term: Nitrification; Thesaurus Term: Plant growing media; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Zeolites; Subject Term: Clinoptilolite; Subject Term: Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrification; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrifying bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: radish; Author-Supplied Keyword: zeoponics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fitch, John W.
AU  - Bucio, Emilio
AU  - Martinez, Lymari
AU  - Macossay, Javier
AU  - Venumbaka, Sreenu R.
AU  - Dean, Norman
AU  - Stoakley, Diane
AU  - Cassidy, Patrick E.
T1  - Synthesis and characterization of new fluorine-containing polyethers
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 44
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 6431
SN  - 00323861
AB  - A highly fluorinated monomer, 1,3-bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-pentafluorophenylmethoxy-2-propyl)benzene (12F-FBE), is obtained by reaction of the sodium salt of 1,3-bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-hydroxy-2-propyl)benzene with pentafluorobenzyl bromide. 12F-FBE reacts with diphenols to give soluble, hydrophobic, low dielectric (2.30–2.43 at 10 GHz) polyethers. Thermal stability as measured by TGA (10 wt% loss) is moderate and ranges from 445 to 464 °C in air. Glass transition temperatures are between 89 and 110 °C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONOMERS
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - SODIUM
KW  - POLYETHERS
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - Fluoropolymers
KW  - Low dielectrics
KW  - Polyethers
N1  - Accession Number: 10805518; Fitch, John W. 1 Bucio, Emilio 1 Martinez, Lymari 1 Macossay, Javier 1 Venumbaka, Sreenu R. 1; Email Address: reddy@swt.edu Dean, Norman 1 Stoakley, Diane 2 Cassidy, Patrick E. 1; Email Address: pc03@swt.edu; Affiliation:  1: Shell Center for Polymer Science and Technology, Institute for Environmental and Industrial Science, Southwest Texas State University, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 44 Issue 21, p6431; Subject Term: MONOMERS; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: SODIUM; Subject Term: POLYETHERS; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluoropolymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low dielectrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyethers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00734-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeLucia, Patricia R.
AU  - Kaiser, Mary K.
AU  - Bush, Jason M.
AU  - Meyer, Les E.
AU  - Sweet, Barbara T.
T1  - Information integration in judgements of time to contact.
JO  - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A
JF  - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 56
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1165
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 02724987
AB  - Time to contact (TTC) is specified optically by tau, and studies suggest that observers are sensitive to this information. However, TTC judgements also are influenced by other sources of information, including pictorial depth cues. Therefore, it is useful to identify these sources of information and to determine whether and how their effects combine when multiple sources are available. We evaluated the effect of five depth cues on TTC judgements. Results indicate that relative size, height in field, occlusion, and motion parallax influence TTC judgements. When multiple cues are available, an integration (rather than selection) strategy is used. Finally, the combined effects of multiple cues are not always consistent with a strict additive model and may be task dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Section A is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEPTH perception
KW  - JUDGMENTS (Law)
N1  - Accession Number: 10779901; DeLucia, Patricia R. 1; Email Address: pat.delucia@ttu.edu Kaiser, Mary K. 2 Bush, Jason M. 1 Meyer, Les E. 1 Sweet, Barbara T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Texas Tech University  2: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 56 Issue 7, p1165; Subject Term: DEPTH perception; Subject Term: JUDGMENTS (Law); Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
T1  - The ground state of TiC revisited.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2003/10//
VL  - 110
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 155
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - The ground state of TiC is 3Σ+, as predicted by previous configuration interaction calculations. It is shown that there are two low-lying 1Σ+ states and that the density functional theory solution corresponds to the higher of the two 1Σ+ states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - FORECASTING
KW  - THEORY
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
KW  - Douglas
KW  - electron correlation
KW  - Excited states
KW  - Hess
KW  - Kroll
KW  - MRCI + Q
KW  - MRCI+Q
KW  - Spectroscopic constants
N1  - Accession Number: 15544162; Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 1; Email Address: bauschli@pegasus.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, Space Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 110 Issue 3, p153; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: FORECASTING; Subject Term: THEORY; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Douglas; Author-Supplied Keyword: electron correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Excited states; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hess; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kroll; Author-Supplied Keyword: MRCI + Q; Author-Supplied Keyword: MRCI+Q; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopic constants; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-003-0463-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar D.
T1  - Comments on "Analysis of Elliptical Microstrip Patch Antenna Considering Attachment Mode".
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2003/10/02/Oct2003 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 51
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3018
EP  - 3018
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Comments on the analysis of elliptical microstrip patch antenna considering attachment mode.  Overview of the moment method solution of an elliptical patch antenna; Appraisal of the concept of the attachment mode with regard to elliptical microstrip patch antenna; Assessment of mathematical derivations and theoretical formulations of the antenna.
KW  - MICROSTRIP antennas
KW  - MOMENTS method (Statistics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 11406998; Deshpande, Manohar D. 1; Email Address: m.d.deshpande@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Oct2003 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 51 Issue 10, p3018; Subject Term: MICROSTRIP antennas; Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2003.818368
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hilder, Thomas L.
AU  - Tou, Janet C.L.
AU  - Grindeland, Richard E.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
AU  - Graves, Lee M.
T1  - Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 serine 307 correlates with JNK activity in atrophic skeletal muscle
JO  - FEBS Letters
JF  - FEBS Letters
Y1  - 2003/10/09/
VL  - 553
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
SN  - 00145793
AB  - c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) has been shown to negatively regulate insulin signaling through serine phosphorylation of residue 307 within the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in adipose and liver tissue. Using a rat hindlimb suspension model for muscle disuse atrophy, we found that JNK activity was significantly elevated in atrophic soleus muscle and that IRS-1 was phosphorylated on Ser307 prior to the degradation of the IRS-1 protein. Moreover, we observed a corresponding reduction in Akt activity, providing biochemical evidence for the development of insulin resistance in atrophic skeletal muscle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of FEBS Letters is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOSPHORYLATION
KW  - INSULIN
KW  - SERINE
KW  - ADIPOSE tissues
KW  - AMB, ambulatory
KW  - c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
KW  - Gastroc, gastrocnemius
KW  - GLUT4, glucose transporter-4
KW  - GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β
KW  - Hindlimb suspension
KW  - HLS, hindlimb suspended
KW  - Insulin receptor substrate
KW  - Insulin resistance
KW  - IRS, insulin receptor substrate
KW  - JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
KW  - Skeletal muscle atrophy
N1  - Accession Number: 11002049; Hilder, Thomas L. 1; Email Address: thomas_hilder@med.unc.edu Tou, Janet C.L. 2; Email Address: jtou@mail.arc.nasa.gov Grindeland, Richard E. 3; Email Address: rgrindeland@mail.arc.nasa.gov Wade, Charles E. 3; Email Address: cwade@mail.arc.nasa.gov Graves, Lee M. 1; Email Address: lmg@med.unc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, CB#7365, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA  2: Wyle Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Life Sciences Division, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Life Sciences Division, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 553 Issue 1/2, p63; Subject Term: PHOSPHORYLATION; Subject Term: INSULIN; Subject Term: SERINE; Subject Term: ADIPOSE tissues; Author-Supplied Keyword: AMB, ambulatory; Author-Supplied Keyword: c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gastroc, gastrocnemius; Author-Supplied Keyword: GLUT4, glucose transporter-4; Author-Supplied Keyword: GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase-3β; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hindlimb suspension; Author-Supplied Keyword: HLS, hindlimb suspended; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insulin receptor substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insulin resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: IRS, insulin receptor substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: JNK, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skeletal muscle atrophy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0014-5793(03)00972-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Marino, Armando C.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Theoretical description of the interdiffusion of Al in the U–Mo solid solution
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2003/10/15/
VL  - 219
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
SN  - 01694332
AB  - The Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys was applied to the analysis of Al interdiffusion in the U–Mo solid solution system as a function of Mo concentration. The binary Al/U and Al/Mo systems show opposite behavior, which in the ternary case Al/U–Mo, translates into the role of regions rich in Mo acting as interdiffusion barriers to Al, in excellent agreement with experimental evidence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALS
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Adatoms
KW  - Alloys
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Molybdenum
KW  - Semi-empirical methods and model calculations
KW  - Single crystal surfaces
KW  - Surface structure
KW  - Uranium
N1  - Accession Number: 10695271; Garcés, Jorge E. 1,2 Marino, Armando C. 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2,3; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Centro Atómico Bariloche, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 219 Issue 1/2, p47; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molybdenum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single crystal surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uranium; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00631-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farías, D.
AU  - Niño, M.A.
AU  - de Miguel, J.J.
AU  - Miranda, R.
AU  - Morse, J.
AU  - Bozzolo, G.
T1  - Growth of Co and Fe on Cu(1 1 1): experiment and BFS based calculations
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2003/10/15/
VL  - 219
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 80
SN  - 01694332
AB  - The structure and morphology of Co and Fe films grown on Cu(1 1 1) have been investigated by thermal energy atom scattering (TEAS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). It has been found that the growth mode of Co and Fe can be greatly improved by using Pb as surfactant, although in the case of Fe this works only for the first bilayer. This shows that the two systems exhibit decisive differences already in the first stages of the growth process. In a second series of experiments, the effect of codepositing Co–Cu and Fe–Cu on the films quality was investigated. The results are very promising, and suggest that very flat, structurally ordered fcc Fe–Cu and Co–Cu films can be prepared by applying this technique together with the use of Pb as surfactant. These results were complemented by atomistic simulations based on the BFS method for alloys. Simulations performed in the low-coverage regime suggest that the early stages of growth are governed to a great extent by the affinity of Cu for Co and Fe. We have also performed temperature-dependent Monte Carlo simulations to determine the structure of superlattices formed by codeposition of Cu–Co and Cu–Fe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - THIN films
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - ELECTRON diffraction
KW  - LEED
KW  - Monte Carlo simulations
KW  - Thermal energy atom scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 10695275; Farías, D. 1; Email Address: daniel.farias@uam.es Niño, M.A. 1 de Miguel, J.J. 1 Miranda, R. 1 Morse, J. 2,3 Bozzolo, G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada C-III, Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 219 Issue 1/2, p80; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: ELECTRON diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: LEED; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal energy atom scattering; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00635-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Khalil, Joseph
AU  - Morse, Jeffrey
T1  - Atomistic analysis of surface segregation in Ni–Pd alloys
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2003/10/15/
VL  - 219
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Atomistic analysis and large-scale atomistic simulations using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys were performed to investigate surface segregation in Ni–Pd alloys as a function of temperature, crystal face, and composition. Pd-enrichment of the first layer was observed in (1 1 1) and (1 0 0) surfaces, and enrichment of the top two layers occurred for (1 1 0) surfaces. In all cases, the segregation profile shows alternating planes enriched and depleted in Pd in a decreasing oscillatory profile. Based on atom-by-atom static energy calculations, an explanation for the observed surface features is presented in terms of competing chemical and strain energy effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - PALLADIUM alloys
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Atomistic modeling
KW  - Ni–Pd alloys
KW  - Surface segregation
N1  - Accession Number: 10695285; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Khalil, Joseph 1 Morse, Jeffrey 1; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 219 Issue 1/2, p149; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: PALLADIUM alloys; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomistic modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni–Pd alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface segregation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0169-4332(03)00591-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jadaan, O. M.
AU  - Nemeth, N. N.
AU  - Bagdahn, J.
AU  - Sharpe, Jr., W. N.
T1  - Probabilistic Weibull behavior and mechanical properties of MEMS brittle materials.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2003/10/15/
VL  - 38
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 4087
EP  - 4113
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The objective of this work is to present a brief overview of a probabilistic design methodology for brittle structures, review the literature for evidence of probabilistic behavior in the mechanical properties of MEMS (especially strength), and to investigate whether evidence exists that a probabilistic Weibull effect exists at the structural microscale. Since many MEMS devices are fabricated from brittle materials, that raises the question whether these miniature structures behave similar to bulk ceramics. For bulk ceramics, the term Weibull effect is used to indicate that significant scatter in fracture strength exists, hence requiring probabilistic rather than deterministic treatment. In addition, the material's strength behavior can be described in terms of the Weakest Link Theory (WLT) leading to strength dependence on the component's size (average strength decreases as size increases), and geometry/loading configuration (stress distribution). Test methods used to assess the mechanical properties of MEMS, especially strength, are reviewed. Four materials commonly used to fabricate MEMS devices are reviewed in this report. These materials are polysilicon, single crystal silicon (SCS), silicon nitride, and silicon carbide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
KW  - CERAMICS -- Fracture
KW  - SILICON
KW  - SILICON carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 16623285; Jadaan, O. M. 1 Nemeth, N. N. 2 Bagdahn, J. 3 Sharpe, Jr., W. N. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Wisconsin-Platteville, College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Science, Platteville, WI 53818, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials, Head Micromechanical Components and Nanotechnologies, Germany  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2681, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 38 Issue 20, p4087; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: WEIBULL distribution; Subject Term: CERAMICS -- Fracture; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elmustafa, A.A.
AU  - Stone, D.S.
T1  - Stacking fault energy and dynamic recovery: do they impact the indentation size effect?
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2003/10/15/
VL  - 358
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Aluminum, a high stacking fault energy (SFE) material and α-brass, a low SFE material were tested for the indentation size effect (ISE) using a combination of microhardness (high load) and nanoindentation (low load). Four samples from each material were tested; annealed electropolished, annealed mechanically polished, work-hardened electropolished, and work-hardened mechanically polished. The micro and nano indentations were made using a Vickers and a Berkovitch diamond indenter tips with indentation loads between 0.1–3 (microindentations) and 10−4–10−2 N (nanoindentations), respectively. Based on areas measured using optical and scanning electron microscopy in addition to contact stiffness, it is found that the calculated nanohardness increases monotonically with decreasing load or depth of indentation. The work-hardened samples are harder than the annealed ones except for aluminum at shallow indents where it is not possible to distinguish between differences in hardness. All eight samples regardless of the SFE, rate and intensity of cross-slip and dislocation climbing rates (dynamic recovery), and level of prior work hardening of the material, explicitly exhibited an ISE. The magnitude of the ISE is not influenced by SFE, dynamic recovery, or prior level of work hardening. The data are found to behave linearly consistent with the Strain Gradient Plasticity model (SGP) for micro and deep nanoindentations; the shallow nanoindentation data deviated into a second linear behavior constituting what we term a ‘bilinear behavior’. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - STACKING machines
KW  - MICROHARDNESS
KW  - METALLIC films -- Size effects
KW  - Bi-linear behavior
KW  - Geometrically necessary dislocations
KW  - Indentation size effect
KW  - Nanoindentation
KW  - Stacking fault energy
KW  - Work hardening
N1  - Accession Number: 10925100; Elmustafa, A.A. 1; Email Address: a.a.elmustafa@larc.nasa.gov Stone, D.S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center-ConITS, Mail Stop 238 4 Langley Boulevaud, Bldg. 1230, Hampton, VA23681-2199, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 358 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: STACKING machines; Subject Term: MICROHARDNESS; Subject Term: METALLIC films -- Size effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bi-linear behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometrically necessary dislocations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indentation size effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoindentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stacking fault energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Work hardening; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333920 Material handling equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333924 Industrial Truck, Tractor, Trailer, and Stacker Machinery Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00293-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smits, Jan
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Namkung, Min
AU  - Crooks, Roy
AU  - Louie, Richard
T1  - Response of Fe powder, purified and as-produced HiPco single-walled carbon nanotubes to flash exposure
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2003/10/15/
VL  - 358
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 384
SN  - 09215093
AB  - The exposure of as-produced HiPCo single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to a camera flash causes ignition, (oxidation) and subsequent coalescence of the Fe catalyst particles, while purified SWNTs do not respond to flashing. TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) analysis attribute the phenomena to the pyrophoric oxidation of Fe nanoparticles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ELECTRON spectroscopy
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Fe powder
KW  - HiPco
N1  - Accession Number: 10925148; Smits, Jan 1; Email Address: j.m.smits@larc.nasa.gov Wincheski, Buzz 2 Namkung, Min 2 Crooks, Roy 1 Louie, Richard 3; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineering, Lockheed Martin Space Operations, NASA Langley Research Center, Building 1230B, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 358 Issue 1/2, p384; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ELECTRON spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fe powder; Author-Supplied Keyword: HiPco; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00282-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Samanta, Manoj Pratim
AU  - Liang, Shoudan
T1  - Predicting protein functions from redundancies in large-scale protein interaction networks.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2003/10/28/
VL  - 100
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 12579
EP  - 12583
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Interpreting data from large-scale protein interaction experiments has been a challenging task because of the widespread presence of random false positives. Here, we present a network-based staffstical algorithm that overcomes this difficulty and allows us to derive functions of unannotated proteins from large-scale interaction data. Our algorithm uses the insight that if two proteins share significantly larger number of common interaction partners than random, they have close functional associations. Analysis of publicly available data from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals >2,800 reliable functional associations, 29% of which involve at least one unannotated protein. By further analyzing these associations, we derive tentative functions for 81 unannotated proteins with high certainty. Our method is not overly sensitive to the false positives present in the data. Even after adding 50% randomly generated interactions to the measured data set, we are able to recover almost all (≃89%) of the original associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTEIN-protein interactions
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - BIOMOLECULES
N1  - Accession Number: 11561211; Samanta, Manoj Pratim 1 Liang, Shoudan 1; Email Address: Shoudan.Liang@nasa.gov.; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advanced Supercomputing Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035.; Source Info: 10/28/2003, Vol. 100 Issue 22, p12579; Subject Term: PROTEIN-protein interactions; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: BIOMOLECULES; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 1O.1073/pnas.2132527100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singer, B.A.
AU  - Lockard, D.P.
T1  - Shear effects in aeroacoustic predictions
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2003/10/30/
VL  - 267
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 961
SN  - 0022460X
N1  - Accession Number: 10984730; Singer, B.A. Lockard, D.P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2003, Vol. 267 Issue 4, p961; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00216-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Povitsky, Alex
AU  - Salas, Manuel D.
AU  - Gökalp, I.
T1  - Thermal Regime of Catalyst Particles in Reactor for Production of Carbon Nanotubes.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2130
EP  - 2142
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This study was motivated by an attempt to optimize the high-pressure carbon oxide process for the production of carbon nanotubes from gaseous carbon oxide. The goal is to achieve rapid and uniform heating of catalyst particles by an optimal arrangement of jets. A mixed Eulerian and Lagrangian approach is implemented to track the temperature of catalyst particles along their trajectories as a function of time. The poor performance of the original reactor configuration is explained in terms of features of particle trajectories. The trajectories most exposed to the hot jets appear to be the most problematic for heating because they either bend toward the cold-jet interior or rotate upwind of the mixing zone. To reduce undesirable slow and/or oscillatory heating of catalyst particles, a reactor configuration with three central jets is proposed, and the optimal location of the central and peripheral nozzles is determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CATALYSTS
N1  - Accession Number: 11559786; Povitsky, Alex 1 Salas, Manuel D. 2 Gökalp, I.; Affiliation:  1: University of Akron  2: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p2130; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 36 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McIntyre, Timothy J.
AU  - Bishop, Alexis I.
AU  - Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina
AU  - Gnoffo, Peter A.
AU  - Candler, G.V.
T1  - Comparison of Experimental and Numerical Studies of Ionizing Flow over a Cylinder.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2157
EP  - 2161
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Comparisons are made between experimental measurements and numerical simulations of ionizing flows generated in a superorbital facility. Nitrogen, with a freestream velocity of around 10 km/s, was passed over a cylindrical model, and images were recorded using two-wavelength holographic interferometry. The resulting density, electron concentration, and temperature maps were compared with numerical simulations from the Langley Research Center aerothermodynamic upwind relaxation algorithm. The results showed generally good agreement in shock location and density distributions. Some discrepancies were observed for the electron concentration, possibly, because simulations were of a two-dimensional flow, whereas the experiments were likely to have small threedimensional effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 11559788; McIntyre, Timothy J. 1 Bishop, Alexis I. 1 Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina 1 Gnoffo, Peter A. 2 Candler, G.V.; Affiliation:  1: University of Queensland  2: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p2157; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 9 Black and White Photographs, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tumin, Anatoli
AU  - Ashpis, David E.
AU  - Plotkin, A.
T1  - Optimal Disturbance in Boundary Layers Subject to Streamwise Pressure Gradient.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2297
EP  - 2300
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Analyzes the optimal disturbances or streamwise vortices associated with transient growth mechanism.  Governing equations; Effect of pressure gradients on transient growth mechanisms; Energy growth optimization; Falkner-Skan base flow.
KW  - WHIRLWINDS
KW  - BASE flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 11559805; Tumin, Anatoli 1 Ashpis, David E. 2 Plotkin, A.; Affiliation:  1: University of Arizona Tucson  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p2297; Subject Term: WHIRLWINDS; Subject Term: BASE flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tianshu Liu
AU  - Sullivan, John P.
T1  - In Situ Calibration Uncertainty of Pressure-Sensitive Paint.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2300
EP  - 2302
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Studies the in situ calibration uncertainty of pressure-sensitive paint (PSP).  Simulation of PSP calibration in subsonic Joukowsky airfoil flows; Elastic wing deformation under aerodynamic loads; Reference luminescence intensities.
KW  - PRESSURE-sensitive paint
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 11559806; Tianshu Liu 1 Sullivan, John P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center  2: Indiana/Purdue University; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p2300; Subject Term: PRESSURE-sensitive paint; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley
AU  - Sadovy, Yvonne
AU  - Cesar, Herman
T1  - Marine Ecosystem Appropriation in the Indo-Pacific: A Case Study of the Live Reef Fish Food Trade.
JO  - AMBIO - A Journal of the Human Environment
JF  - AMBIO - A Journal of the Human Environment
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 32
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 481
EP  - 488
SN  - 00447447
AB  - Our ecological footprint analyses of coral reef fish fisheries and, in particular, the live reef fish food trade (FT), indicate many countries' current consumption exceeds estimated sustainable per capita global, regional and local coral reef production levels. Hong Kong appropriates 25% of SE Asia's annual reef fish production of 135 260-286 560 tonnes (t) through its FT demand, exceeding regional biocapacity by 8.3 times; reef fish fisheries demand outpaces sustainable production in the Indo-Pacific and SE Asia by 2.5 and 6 times. In contrast, most Pacific islands live within their own reef fisheries means with local demand at < 20% of total capacity in Oceania. The FT annually requisitions up to 40% of SE Asia's estimated reef fish and virtually all of its estimated grouper yields. Our results underscore the unsustainable nature of the FT and the urgent need for regional management and conservation of coral reef fisheries in the Indo-Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AMBIO - A Journal of the Human Environment is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Coral reef conservation
KW  - Coral reef fishes
KW  - Coral reef ecology
KW  - Food industry
KW  - Hong Kong (China)
KW  - Southeast Asia
KW  - Indo-Pacific Region
N1  - Accession Number: 12119005; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley 1,2; Email Address: kwarren-rhodes@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Sadovy, Yvonne 3; Email Address: yjsadovy@hkucc.hku.hk; Cesar, Herman 4,5; Affiliations: 1: National Research Council Fellow at NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Consulting Assistant Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University; 3: Associate Professor, Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; 4: Researcher at the Institute for Environmental Studies at the Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam; 5: Consultant, Cesar Environmental Economics Consulting; Issue Info: Nov2003, Vol. 32 Issue 7, p481; Thesaurus Term: Coral reef conservation; Thesaurus Term: Coral reef fishes; Thesaurus Term: Coral reef ecology; Thesaurus Term: Food industry; Subject: Hong Kong (China); Subject: Southeast Asia; Subject: Indo-Pacific Region; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311991 Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, Xidong
AU  - Tao, Gang
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Adaptive actuator failure compensation for parametric strict feedback systems and an aircraft application
JO  - Automatica
JF  - Automatica
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 39
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1975
SN  - 00051098
AB  - Adaptive actuator failure compensation for parametric-strict-feedback systems is studied under different system structure conditions. Adaptive state feedback control schemes are developed, which ensure asymptotic output tracking and closed-loop signal boundedness. An adaptive control scheme is applied to a twin otter aircraft longitudinal nonlinear dynamics model in the presence of unknown failures in a two-segment elevator servomechanism. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of adaptive actuator failure compensation for desired system performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Automatica is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC expansions
KW  - SERVOMECHANISMS
KW  - Actuator failure
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Aircraft dynamics
KW  - Failure compensation
KW  - Nonlinear systems
KW  - Output tracking
KW  - Stability
N1  - Accession Number: 10861864; Tang, Xidong 1 Tao, Gang 1; Email Address: gt9s@virginia.edu Joshi, Suresh M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  2: Mail Stop 132, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p1975; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC expansions; Subject Term: SERVOMECHANISMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuator failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure compensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Output tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0005-1098(03)00219-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ronca, April E.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
AU  - Plaut, Karen
T1  - Relationship Between Gravity and Mammary Metabolism.
JO  - Comments on Theoretical Biology
JF  - Comments on Theoretical Biology
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 627
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08948550
AB  - Gravitational force is highly correlated with reproductive outcome. Mammary metabolism measured in vitro is highly and negatively correlated with gravitational force in pregnant rats exposed to micro- and hypergravity. Maternal behavior of dams is also affected by gravity. Furthermore, dams exposed to increased gravity loads have litters with higher mortality rates. Primigravid females were three times more susceptible to hypergravity compared to bigravid dams. The role prolactin plays in mammary development, maintenance of milk secretion, and maternal care and nursing behavior is discussed, and we speculate on the role of prolactin in mediating the observed effects on reproduction process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Comments on Theoretical Biology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - MAMMARY glands
KW  - PARENTAL behavior in animals
KW  - PROLACTIN
KW  - gravity
KW  - mammary
KW  - maternal behavior
KW  - prolactin
N1  - Accession Number: 11093988; Ronca, April E. 1 Wade, Charles E. 1 Plaut, Karen 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  2: University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p627; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: MAMMARY glands; Subject Term: PARENTAL behavior in animals; Subject Term: PROLACTIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: mammary; Author-Supplied Keyword: maternal behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: prolactin; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08948550390234695
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Myneni, Ranga
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Tan, Pang-Ning
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
T1  - Continental-scale comparisons of terrestrial carbon sinks estimated from satellite data and ecosystem modeling 1982–1998
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 39
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
SN  - 09218181
AB  - A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems from 1982 to 1998. The NASA–CASA model was driven by vegetation properties derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and radiative transfer algorithms that were developed for Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). For the terrestrial biosphere, predicted net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 has varied widely between an annual source of −0.9 Pg C per year and a sink of +2.1 Pg C per year. The southern hemisphere tropical zones (SHT, between 0° and 30°S) have a major influence over the predicted global trends in interannual variability of NEP. In contrast, the terrestrial NEP sink for atmospheric CO2 on the North American (NA) continent has been fairly consistent between +0.2 and +0.3 Pg C per year, except during relatively cool annual periods when continental NEP fluxes are predicted to total to nearly zero. The predicted NEP sink for atmospheric CO2 over Eurasia (EA) increased notably in the late 1980s and has been fairly consistent between +0.3 and +0.55 Pg C per year since 1988. High correlations can be detected between the El Nin˜o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and predicted NEP fluxes on the EA continent and for the SHT latitude zones, whereas NEP fluxes for the North American continent as a whole do not correlate strongly with ENSO events over the same time series since 1982. These observations support the hypothesis that regional climate warming has had notable but relatively small-scale impacts on high latitude ecosystem (tundra and boreal) sinks for atmospheric CO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Ocean climate
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 10924864; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@gaia.arc.nasa.gov Klooster, Steven 2 Myneni, Ranga 3 Genovese, Vanessa 2 Tan, Pang-Ning 4 Kumar, Vipin 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA  3: Boston University, Boston, MA, USA  4: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 39 Issue 3/4, p201; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2003.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - D'Aversa, E.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bibring, J.P.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Mennella, V.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
T1  - Cassini-VIMS at Jupiter: solar occultation measurements using Io
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 166
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We report unusual and somewhat unexpected observations of the jovian satellite Io, showing strong methane absorption bands. These observations were made by the Cassini VIMS experiment during the Jupiter flyby of December/January 2000/2001. The explanation is straightforward: Entering or exiting from Jupiter''s shadow during an eclipse, Io is illuminated by solar light which has transited the atmosphere of Jupiter. This light, therefore becomes imprinted with the spectral signature of Jupiter''s upper atmosphere, which includes strong atmospheric methane absorption bands. Intercepting solar light refracted by the jovian atmosphere, Io essentially becomes a “mirror” for solar occultation events of Jupiter. The thickness of the layer where refracted solar light is observed is so large (more than 3000 km at Io''s orbit), that we can foresee a nearly continuous multi-year period of similar events at Saturn, utilizing the large and bright ring system. During Cassini''s 4-year nominal mission, this probing technique should reveal information of Saturn''s atmosphere over a large range of southern latitudes and times. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED photography
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Occultations
N1  - Accession Number: 11253746; Formisano, V. 1; Email Address: formisan@nike.ifsi.rm.cnr.it D'Aversa, E. 1 Bellucci, G. 1 Baines, K.H. 2 Bibring, J.P. 3 Brown, R.H. 4 Buratti, B.J. 2 Capaccioni, F. 5 Cerroni, P. 5 Clark, R.N. 6 Coradini, A. 1 Cruikshank, D.P. 7 Drossart, P. 8 Jaumann, R. 9 Langevin, Y. 3 Matson, D.L. 2 McCord, T.B. 10 Mennella, V. 11 Nelson, R.M. 2 Nicholson, P.D. 12; Affiliation:  1: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Rome, Italy  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  3: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris, France  4: Lunar and Planetary Lab and Stewart Observatory , University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  5: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, CNR, Rome, Italy  6: US Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  8: Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France  9: Institute for Planetary Exploration, DLR, Germany  10: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA  11: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Italy  12: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, NY, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 166 Issue 1, p75; Subject Term: INFRARED photography; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Occultations; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00178-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Estrada, Paul R.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Showalter, Mark R.
T1  - Voyager color photometry of Saturn's main rings: a correction
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 166
IS  - 1
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 212
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We correct a calibration error in our earlier analysis of Voyager color observations of Saturn''s main rings at 14° phase angle (Estrada and Cuzzi, 1996, Icarus 122, 251) and present thoroughly revised and reanalyzed radial profiles of the brightness of the main rings in the Voyager green, violet, and ultraviolet filters and the ratios of these brightnesses. These results are consistent with more recent HST results at 6° phase angle, once allowance is made for plausible phase reddening of the rings (Cuzzi et al., 2002, Icarus 158, 199). Unfortunately, the Voyager camera calibration factors are simply not sufficiently well known for a combination of the Voyager and HST data to be used to constrain the phase reddening quantitatively. However, some interesting radial variations in reddening between 6 and 14° phase angles are hinted at. We update a ring-and-satellite color vs albedo plot from Cuzzi and Estrada (1998, Icarus 132, 1) in several ways. The A and B rings are still found to be in a significantly redder part of color-albedo space than Saturn''s icy satellites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 11253756; Estrada, Paul R. 1 Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1; Email Address: jcuzzi@mail.arc.nasa.gov Showalter, Mark R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, NASA, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 166 Issue 1, p212; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - György, András
AU  - Linder, Tamás
AU  - Chou, Philip A.
AU  - Betts, Bradley J.
T1  - Do Optimal Entropy-Constrained Quantizers Have a Finite or  Infinite Number of Codewords?
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3031
EP  - 3037
SN  - 00189448
AB  - An entropy-constrained quantizer Q is optimal if it minimizes the expected distortion D(Q) subject to a constraint on the output entropy H(Q). In this correspondence, we use the Lagrangian formulation to show the existence and study the structure of optimal entropy-constrained quantizers that achieve a point on the lower convex hull of the operational distortion-rate function D[SUBh](R)= Inf[SUBQ]{D(Q):H(Q)≤R}. In general, an optimal entropy-constrained quantizer may have a countably infinite number of codewords. Our main results show that if the tail of the source distribution is sufficiently light (resp., heavy) with respect to the distortion measure, the Lagrangian-optimal entropy-constrained quantizer has a finite (resp., infinite) number of codewords. In particular, for the squared error distortion measure, if the tail of the source distribution is lighter than the tail of a Gaussian distribution, then the Lagrangian-optimal quantizer has only a finite number of codewords, while if the tail is heavier than that of the Gaussian, the Lagrangian-optimal quantizer has an infinite number of codewords. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Information Theory is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENTROPY (Information theory)
KW  - CIPHERS
KW  - LAGRANGIAN functions
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - Difference distortion measures
KW  - entropy coding
KW  - infinite-level quantizers
KW  - Lagrangian performance
KW  - optimal quantization.
N1  - Accession Number: 11699839; György, András 1; Email Address: gyorgy@mast.queensu.ca Linder, Tamás 1; Email Address: linder@mast.queensu.ca Chou, Philip A. 2; Email Address: pachou@microsoft.com Betts, Bradley J. 3; Email Address: bbetts@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.  2: Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA 98052 USA.  3: NASA Ames Research Center,  Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p3031; Subject Term: ENTROPY (Information theory); Subject Term: CIPHERS; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN functions; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Difference distortion measures; Author-Supplied Keyword: entropy coding; Author-Supplied Keyword: infinite-level quantizers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lagrangian performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimal quantization.; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIT.2003.819340
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - P&aCARON;s&aCARON;reanu, Corina S.
AU  - Dwyer, Matthew B.
AU  - Visser, Willem
T1  - Finding feasible abstract counter-examples.
JO  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
JF  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 48
SN  - 14332779
AB  - A strength of model checking is its ability to automate the detection of subtle system errors and produce traces that exhibit those errors. Given the high-computational cost of model checking most researchers advocate the use of aggressive property-preserving abstractions. Unfortunately, the more aggressively a system is abstracted the more infeasible behavior it will have. Thus, while abstraction enables efficient model checking it also threatens the usefulness of model checking as a defect detection tool, since it may be difficult to determine whether a counter-example is feasible and hence worth developer time to analyze. We have explored several strategies for addressing this problem by extending an explicit-state model checker, Java PathFinder (JPF), to search for and analyze counter-examples in the presence of abstractions. We demonstrate that these techniques effectively preserve the defect detection ability of model checking in the presence of aggressive abstraction by applying them to check properties of several abstracted multi-threaded Java programs. These new capabilities are not specific to JPF and can be easily adapted to other model checking frameworks; we describe how this was done for the Bandera toolset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JAVA (Computer program language)
KW  - PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers)
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - AUTOMATIC machinery
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - Abstract interpretation
KW  - Counter-example analysis
KW  - Model checking
KW  - Software verification
N1  - Accession Number: 17040208; P&aCARON;s&aCARON;reanu, Corina S. 1; Email Address: Pcorina@email.arc.nasa.gov Dwyer, Matthew B. 2 Visser, Willem 3; Affiliation:  1: Kestrel, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., USA.  2: Department of Computing and Information Sciences, Kansas State University, Kan., USA.  3: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., USA.; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p34; Subject Term: JAVA (Computer program language); Subject Term: PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers); Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC machinery; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Abstract interpretation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Counter-example analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software verification; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812990 All Other Personal Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 511210 Software Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10009-002-0088-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lim, Joon W.
AU  - Yung H. Yu, Joon W.
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Calculation of Rotor Blade-Vortex Interaction Airloads Using a Multiple-Trailer Free-Wake Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2003/11//Nov/Dec2003
VL  - 40
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1123
EP  - 1130
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Analytical results of rotor blade-vortex interaction airloads are presented with two different wake models in the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II, and these calculated results are compared with the experimental data obtained from the higher-harmonic-control aeroacoustic rotor test (HART-I) program. The HART rotor was a 40%, Mach-scaled model of the hingeless BO-105 main rotor. Two wake models used in the comprehensive analysis are the single-trailer and the multiple-trailer free-wake models. The multiple-trailer wake model shows good prediction of lift distribution, M²c[subn], as a function of azimuth for baseline, minimum noise, and minimum vibration cases, and shows significant improvement relative to the single-trailer model in prediction of the tip vortex wake geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - VORTEX motion
N1  - Accession Number: 12252899; Lim, Joon W. 1,2 Yung H. Yu, Joon W. 1,3 Johnson, Wayne 4,5; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Army/NASA Rotorcraft Division, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate  3: Chief Scientist, U.S. Army/NASA Rotorcrafi Division, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Aeronautical Engineer, U.S. Army/NASA Rotorcraft Division; Source Info: Nov/Dec2003, Vol. 40 Issue 6, p1123; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dukhan, Nihad
AU  - De Witt, Kenneth J.
AU  - Masiulaniec, K. C.
AU  - Van Fossen Jr., G. James
T1  - Experimental Frossling Numbers for Ice-Roughened NACA 0012 Airfoils.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2003/11//Nov/Dec2003
VL  - 40
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1161
EP  - 1167
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Experimental Frossling numbers are presented for two aluminum castings of ice-roughened NACA 0012 airfoil surfaces at 0-deg angle of attack for chord Reynolds number ranging from 4.00 x 10[sup5] to 1.54 x 10[sup6]. The castings were meticulously obtained from actual ice accretions representing mildly rough glaze and rough glaze ice with horns. A modified investment casting technique was used to capture all of the surface roughness details. The rough glaze ice with horns produced higher heat-transfer rates than those for the mildly rough glaze ice, especially at the horns. Immediately downstream of the horns, stagnation air gaps resulted and caused lower heat-transfer coefficients. For both types of ice, higher Reynolds numbers in general produced higher heat-transfer coefficients. For the same chord Reynolds number and at the same position on the airfoil, the Frossling numbers were generally higher than those for the smooth case and those for the hemispherical roughness elements of previous studies. A maximum increase of approximately 306% over the smooth case and 192% over the dense hemispherical roughness case was recorded at one rough glaze ice horn. This work provides some directly measured values of the Frossling number needed to improve the prediction of some icing codes. Such icing codes help in the effective design of some deicing systems of aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - ALUMINUM castings
KW  - METAL castings
N1  - Accession Number: 12252904; Dukhan, Nihad 1,2 De Witt, Kenneth J. 3,4 Masiulaniec, K. C. 4,5 Van Fossen Jr., G. James 6,7; Affiliation:  1: University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico 00681  2: Visiting Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, P.O. Box 9045  3: The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606  4: Professor, Chemical Engineering Department, 2801 W. Bancroft  5: Associate Professor, Mechanical Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering Department, 2801 W. Bancroft  6: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  7: Senior Research Scientist, 21000 Brookpark Road; Source Info: Nov/Dec2003, Vol. 40 Issue 6, p1161; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: ALUMINUM castings; Subject Term: METAL castings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331524 Aluminum Foundries (except Die-Casting); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331529 Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries (except Die-Casting); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jegley, Dawn C.
AU  - Bush, Harold G.
AU  - Lovejoy, Andrew E.
T1  - Structural Response and Failure of a Full-Scale Stitched Graphite-Epoxy Wing.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2003/11//Nov/Dec2003
VL  - 40
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1192
EP  - 1199
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Analytical and experimental results of the test for an all-composite full-scale wing box are presented. The wing box is representative of a section of a 220-passenger commercial transport aircraft wing box and was designed and constructed by The Boeing Company as part of the NASA Advanced Subsonics Technology program. The semispan wing was fabricated from a graphite--epoxy material system with cover panels and spars held together using Kevlar® stitches through the thickness. No mechanical fasteners were used to hold the stiffeners to the skin of the cover panels. Tests were conducted with and without low-speed impact damage, discrete source damage, and repairs. Upbending, downbending, and brake roll loading conditions were applied. The structure with nonvisible impact damage carried 97% of design ultimate load before failure through a lower cover panel access hole. Finite element and experimental results agree for the global response of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - FASTENERS
KW  - BOEING Co.
N1  - Accession Number: 12252908; Jegley, Dawn C. 1,2,3 Bush, Harold G. 1,2,4 Lovejoy, Andrew E. 3,5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Mechanics and Durability Branch  3: Senior Member, AIAA  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA  5: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  6: Senior Aerospace Engineer; Source Info: Nov/Dec2003, Vol. 40 Issue 6, p1192; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: FASTENERS; Company/Entity: BOEING Co. DUNS Number: 009256819 Ticker: BA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332722 Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339990 All other miscellaneous manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339993 Fastener, Button, Needle, and Pin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416330 Hardware merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423710 Hardware Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Anderson, B. B.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Hudgins, C. H.
T1  - An Assessment of Aircraft-Generated Contamination on In Situ Trace Gas Measurements: Determinations from Empirical Data Acquired Aloft.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 20
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1478
EP  - 1487
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Results are reported from an experiment conducted aboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft to determine whether cabin air vented upstream of investigator's inlets had potentially contaminated ambient air samples obtained aboard the aircraft during previous airborne scientific expeditions. For the study, three multiport inlet rakes were mounted in windows downstream of an exhaust vent in locations forward, above, and aft of the right wing. These were used to make impact pressure measurements for determining boundary layer thickness (δ) as well as to collect ambient air samples at various distances outward from the airframe. The fraction of cabin air in the samples was determined by doping the vent air with a metered amount of CO[sub 2] , then monitoring air at the inlet ports for differential CO[sub 2] enhancements. Data were collected at altitudes ranging from the surface to 12 km, at various indicated airspeeds, pitch and yaw angles, and during vertical ascents and descents. Results indicate that δ varies from about 13 to 37 cm and depends on inlet position, as well as the aircraft velocity, altitude, and pitch angle. The CO[sub 2] -doped vent air was observed to mix throughout the depth of the boundary layer, but to be confined vertically to a narrow stream so that its interception by any particular inlet probe was highly dependent upon the aircraft-indicated airspeed and pitch angle. The inlet located forward of the wing was the most highly impacted, as samples collected there contained up to 0.8% cabin air at cruise altitudes under typical aircraft operating conditions. The implications of these findings on previous datasets are discussed, and a modified formula for calculating δ values appropriate for the DC-8 is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - AIRCRAFT cabins
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 11263329; Vay, S. A. 1; Email Address: s.a.vay@larc.nasa.gov Anderson, B. B. 1 Thornhill, K. L. 2 Hudgins, C. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research  Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 20 Issue 11, p1478; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT cabins; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
AU  - Nordeen, Michele L.
AU  - Weaver, Steven P.
T1  - Contrail Frequency over the United States from Surface Observations.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 16
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 3447
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Contrails have the potential for affecting climate because they impact the radiation budget and the vertical distribution of moisture. Estimating the effect requires additional knowledge about the temporal and spatial variations of contrails. The mean hourly, monthly, and annual frequencies of daytime contrail occurrence are estimated using 2 yr of observations from surface observers at military installations scattered over the continental United States. During both years, persistent contrails are most prevalent in the winter and early spring and are seen least often during the summer. They co-occur with cirrus clouds 85% of the time. The annual mean persistent contrail frequencies in unobscured skies dropped from 0.152 during 1993–94 to 0.124 in 1998–99 despite a rise in air traffic. Mean hourly contrail frequencies reflect the pattern of commercial air traffic, with a rapid increase from sunrise to midmorning followed by a very gradual decrease during the remaining daylight hours. Although highly correlated with air traffic fuel use, contrail occurrence is governed by meteorological conditions. It is negatively and positively correlated with the monthly mean 300-hPa temperature and 300-hPa relative humidity, respectively, from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalyses. A simple empirical model employing the fuel use and the monthly mean 300-hPa temperatures and relative humidities yields a reasonable representation of the seasonal variation in contrail frequency. The interannual drop in contrail frequency coincides with a decrease in mean 300-hPa relative humidities from 45.8% during the first period to 38.2% in 1998–99, one of the driest periods in the NCEP record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Winter
KW  - Climatology
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 11188884; Minnis, Patrick 1; Email Address: p.minnis@nasa.gov; Ayers, J. Kirk 2; Nordeen, Michele L. 2; Weaver, Steven P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; 2: AS&M,  Inc., Hampton, Virginia.; 3: 88th Weather Squadron, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.; Issue Info: Nov2003, Vol. 16 Issue 21, p3447; Thesaurus Term: Moisture; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Charts, 14 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ward, B. J.
AU  - Liu, C. C.
AU  - Hunter, G. W.
T1  - Novel processing of NASICON and sodium carbonate/barium carbonate thin and thick films for a CO2 microsensor.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 38
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 4289
EP  - 4292
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The use of chemical microsensors can be advantageous for the monitoring of gas species in efforts to accurately monitor environmental conditions, detect fires, and determine emissions. The microsensor described herein shows promise for use as a carbon dioxide sensor. Carbon dioxide levels are of particular concern for passenger environments, as a chemical signature of a fire, and as a combustion product. This amperometric carbon dioxide microsensor was produced using microfabrication and micromachining techniques. Electron beam evaporation, sputtering, and thick film printing were used for deposition of the chemically active layers of the device—Na3Zr2Si2PO12 (NASICON) and Na2CO3/Ba2CO3. The deposition techniques used to deposit these materials were an important processing advance in this development endeavor. The films were incorporated into an amperometric, limiting current type sensor design with overall dimensions of 1.4 mm × 1.5 mm. The inclusion of this type of sensor in an array of differing sensors offers an advantage of high selectivity to analytes of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - SODIUM carbonate
KW  - BARIUM carbonate
KW  - THIN films
KW  - THICK films
N1  - Accession Number: 16622504; Ward, B. J. 1; Email Address: bward@makelengineering.com Liu, C. C. 1 Hunter, G. W. 2; Affiliation:  1: The Electronics Design Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 38 Issue 21, p4289; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: SODIUM carbonate; Subject Term: BARIUM carbonate; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: THICK films; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duque, Earl P.N.
AU  - Burklund, Michael D.
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Navier-Stokes and Comprehensive Analysis Performance Predictions of the NREL Phase VI Experiment.
JO  - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
JF  - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 125
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 457
EP  - 467
SN  - 01996231
AB  - A lifting-line code, CAMRAD II, and a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes code, OVERFLOW-D, were used to predict the aerodynamic performance of a two-bladed horizontal axis wind turbine. All computations were compared with experimental data that was collected at the NASA Ames Research Center 80-by-120-foot Wind Tunnel. Liftingline computations were performed for both axial and yawed operating conditions while the Navier-Stokes computations were performed for only the axial conditions. Various stall delay models and dynamic stall models were used by the CAMRAD II code. For axial operating conditions, the predicted rotor performance varied significantly, particularly for stalled wind speeds. The lifting-line required the use of stall delay models to obtain the proper stall behavior, yet it still has difficulty in predicting the proper power magnitude in stall. The Navier-Stokes method captures the stall behavior and gives a detailed insight into the fluid mechanics of the stall behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Solar Energy Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HORIZONTAL axis wind turbines
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 11897178; Duque, Earl P.N. 1 Burklund, Michael D. 1 Johnson, Wayne 2; Affiliation:  1: Northern Arizona University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering  2: Army/NASA Rotorcraft Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 125 Issue 4, p457; Subject Term: HORIZONTAL axis wind turbines; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 71 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Hasanyan, Davresh
AU  - Zhanming Qin
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - NONLINEAR MAGNETOTHERMOELASTICITY OF ANISOTROPIC PLATES IMMERSED IN A MAGNETIC FIELD.
JO  - Journal of Thermal Stresses
JF  - Journal of Thermal Stresses
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 26
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1277
EP  - 1304
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01495739
AB  - A geometrically nonlinear theory of magnetothermoelasticity of electroconductive anisotropic plates in a magnetic field is developed. In this context, the Kirchhoff hypothesis is adopted for the plate modeling and the geometrical nonlinearities are considered in the von Kármán sense. In addition, the assumptions related to the distribution of electric and magnetic field disturbances through the plate thickness as proposed by Ambartsumyan and his collaborators are adopted. Based on the electromagnetic equations (i.e., the ones by Faraday, Ampère, Ohm, Maxwell, and Lorentz), on the modified Fourier law of heat conduction, and elastokinetic field equations, the three-dimensional coupled problem is reduced to an equivalent two-dimensional one appropriate to the theory of plates. The theory developed herein enables one to investigate the interacting effects among the magnetic, thermal, and elastic fields in orthotropic thin plates. As a special case, the problem of the free vibration of simply supported plate strips immersed in a transversal magnetic field is considered. Effects of the directionality property of the constituent material, magnetic and temperature fields, and electric conductivity, as well as thermal expansion coefficients, on the characteristics of vibrational behavior of the plate strips are investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Thermal Stresses is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOELASTICITY
KW  - THERMOMAGNETISM
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - FOURIER series
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC theory
KW  - MAGNETISM
KW  - composite materials
KW  - geometrical nonlinearities
KW  - magnetoelastic vibration
KW  - magnetothermo elasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 11627160; Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Hasanyan, Davresh 1 Zhanming Qin 1 Ambur, Damodar R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, Virginia, USA.  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia, USA.; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 26 Issue 11/12, p1277; Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: THERMOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: FOURIER series; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC theory; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: geometrical nonlinearities; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetoelastic vibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetothermo elasticity; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/1495730390240238
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tou, Janet
AU  - Grindeland, Richard
AU  - Barrett, Joyce
AU  - Dalton, Bonnie
AU  - Mandel, Adrian
AU  - Wade, Charles
T1  - Evaluation of NASA Foodbars as a standard diet for use in Short-Term rodent space flight studies
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 19
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 947
SN  - 08999007
AB  - : ObjectivesA standard rodent diet for space flight must meet the unique conditions imposed by the space environment and must be nutritionally adequate because diet can influence the outcome of experiments. We evaluated the use of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Foodbars as a standard space flight diet for rats.: MethodsThe Foodbar''s semi-purified formulation permitted criteria such as nutrient consistency, high nutrient bioavailability, and flexibility of formulation to be met. Extrusion of the semi-purified diet produced Foodbars with the proper texture and a non-crumbing solid form for use in space. Treatment of Foodbar with 0.1% potassium sorbate prevented mold growth. Irradiation (15 to 25 kGy) prevented bacterial growth and, in combination with sorbate treatment, added protection against mold for shelf stability.: ResultsDuring the development process, nutrient analyses indicated that extrusion and irradiation produces nutrient losses. Nutrients were adjusted accordingly to compensate for processing losses. Nutrient analysis of Foodbars continues to be performed routinely to monitor nutrient levels. It is important that the standard rodent diet provide nutrients that will prevent deficiency but also avoid excess that may mask physiologic changes produced by space flight. All vitamin levels in the Foodbars, except for vitamin K, conformed to or exceeded the current National Research Council (NRC) 1995 recommendations. All indispensable amino acids in Foodbar conformed to or exceeded the NRC nutrient recommendation for mouse growth and rat maintenance. However, some indispensable amino acids were slightly below recommendations for rat reproduction and growth. Short-term (18 to 20 d) animal feeding studies indicated that Foodbars are palatable, support growth, and maintain health in rats.: ConclusionsResults indicated that NASA Rodent Foodbars meet the physical and nutritional criteria required to support rodents in the space environment and thus may be used successfully as a standard diet for short-term space flight studies. However, the nutritional adequacy of NASA Rodent Foodbars as a standard diet on longer-duration (>20 d) space flight missions remains to be determined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nutrition is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIET
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - BIOAVAILABILITY
KW  - VITAMIN K
KW  - extrusion
KW  - Foodbars
KW  - nutrients
KW  - space flight
KW  - standard diet
KW  - irradiation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 11425556; Tou, Janet 1; Email Address: jtou@mail.arc.nasa.gov Grindeland, Richard 2 Barrett, Joyce 1 Dalton, Bonnie 2 Mandel, Adrian 2 Wade, Charles 2; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: Life Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 19 Issue 11/12, p947; Subject Term: DIET; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: BIOAVAILABILITY; Subject Term: VITAMIN K; Author-Supplied Keyword: extrusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foodbars; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrients; Author-Supplied Keyword: space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: standard diet; Author-Supplied Keyword: irradiation; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nut.2003.08.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Djomehri, M. Jahed
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
T1  - Performance enhancement strategies for multi-block overset grid CFD applications
JO  - Parallel Computing
JF  - Parallel Computing
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 29
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1791
SN  - 01678191
AB  - The overset grid methodology has significantly reduced time-to-solution of high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations about complex aerospace configurations. The solution process resolves the geometrical complexity of the problem domain by using separately generated but overlapping structured discretization grids that periodically exchange information through interpolation. However, high performance computations of such large-scale realistic applications must be handled efficiently on state-of-the-art parallel supercomputers. This paper analyzes the effects of various performance enhancement strategies on the parallel efficiency of an overset grid Navier–Stokes CFD application running on an SGI Origin2000 machine. Specifically, the role of asynchronous communication, grid splitting, and grid grouping strategies are presented and discussed. Details of a sophisticated graph partitioning technique for grid grouping are also provided. Results indicate that performance depends critically on the level of latency hiding and the quality of load balancing across the processors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Parallel Computing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PARALLEL computers
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Load balancing
KW  - Multi-block applications
KW  - Parallel performance
N1  - Accession Number: 11321792; Djomehri, M. Jahed 1; Email Address: djomehri@nas.nasa.gov Biswas, Rupak 2; Email Address: rupak.biswas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: CSC, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 29 Issue 11/12, p1791; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PARALLEL computers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Load balancing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-block applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel performance; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.parco.2003.05.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Abel, Phillip
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
T1  - Atomistic modeling of surface and bulk properties of Cu, Pd and the Cu–Pd system
JO  - Progress in Surface Science
JF  - Progress in Surface Science
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 73
IS  - 4-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
SN  - 00796816
AB  - The BFS method for alloys is applied to the study of the Cu–Pd system. A variety of issues are analyzed and discussed, including the properties of pure Cu or Pd crystals (surface energies, surface relaxations), Pd/Cu and Cu/Pd surface alloys, segregation of Pd (or Cu) in Cu (or Pd), concentration dependence of the lattice parameter of the high temperature fcc CuPd solid solution, the formation and properties of low temperature ordered phases, and order–disorder transition temperatures. Emphasis is made on the ability of the method to describe these properties on the basis of a minimum set of BFS universal parameters that uniquely characterize the Cu–Pd system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Surface Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - COPPER
KW  - PALLADIUM
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - 61.43.Bn
KW  - Alloy surfaces
KW  - Computational methods
KW  - Copper
KW  - Order–disorder transitions
KW  - Palladium
KW  - Segregation
KW  - Solid solution
KW  - Surface alloys
KW  - Surface energies
KW  - Surface relaxation
N1  - Accession Number: 11250753; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Garcés, Jorge E. 1,3 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Abel, Phillip 2 Mosca, Hugo O. 4; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Centro Atómico Bariloche, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina  4: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 73 Issue 4-8, p79; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: 61.43.Bn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloy surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Order–disorder transitions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Segregation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid solution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface energies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface relaxation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.progsurf.2003.08.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartley, Tom T.
AU  - Lorenzo, Carl F.
T1  - Fractional-order system identification based on continuous order-distributions
JO  - Signal Processing
JF  - Signal Processing
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 83
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2287
SN  - 01651684
AB  - This paper discusses the identification of fractional- and integer-order systems using the concept of continuous order-distribution. Based on the ability to define systems using continuous order-distributions, it is shown that frequency domain system identification can be performed. Least-squares techniques are applied to discretized order-distributions. Methods are presented for properly discretizing the order-distribution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Signal Processing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTIONAL integrals
KW  - ORDERED groups
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - Fractional-order systems
KW  - Order-distributions
N1  - Accession Number: 11001102; Hartley, Tom T. 1; Email Address: tomhartley@aol.com Lorenzo, Carl F. 2; Email Address: carl.f.lorenzo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3904, USA  2: Instrumentation and Controls Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 83 Issue 11, p2287; Subject Term: FRACTIONAL integrals; Subject Term: ORDERED groups; Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional-order systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Order-distributions; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0165-1684(03)00182-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aikens, Christine M.
AU  - Webb, Simon P.
AU  - Bell, Rob L.
AU  - Fletcher, Graham D.
AU  - Schmidt, Michael W.
AU  - Gordon, Mark S.
T1  - A derivation of the frozen-orbital unrestricted open-shell and restricted closed-shell second-order perturbation theory analytic gradient expressions.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2003/11//
VL  - 110
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 233
EP  - 253
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - A detailed derivation of the frozen-orbital second-order perturbation theory (MP2) analytic gradient in the spin-orbital basis is presented. The summation ranges and modification of the MP2 gradient terms that result from the frozen-orbital approximation are clearly identified. The frozen-orbital analytic gradients for unrestricted MP2 and closed-shell MP2 are determined from the spin-orbital derivation. A discussion of useful implementation procedures is included. Timings from full and frozen-orbital MP2 gradient calculations on the molecule silicocene (the silicon analog of the sandwich compound ferrocene) are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - FERROCENE
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
KW  - SILICON
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - Analytic derivative
KW  - Frozen core
KW  - Møller-Plesset perturbation theory
KW  - Møller-Plesset perturbation theory
N1  - Accession Number: 16984242; Aikens, Christine M. 1 Webb, Simon P. 2 Bell, Rob L. 3 Fletcher, Graham D. 4 Schmidt, Michael W. 1 Gordon, Mark S. 1; Email Address: mark@si.fi.ameslab.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Ames Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.  2: Advanced Biomedical Computing Center, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Contract No. N01-CO-12400, SAIC Frederick, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201, USA.  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.  4: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 110 Issue 4, p233; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: FERROCENE; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analytic derivative; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frozen core; Author-Supplied Keyword: Møller-Plesset perturbation theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Møller-Plesset perturbation theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-003-0453-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lefsrud, Mark G.
AU  - Giacomelli, Gene A.
AU  - Janes, Harry W.
AU  - Kliss, Mark H.
T1  - DEVELOPMENT OF THE MICROGRAVITY PLANT GROWTH POCKET.
JO  - Transactions of the ASAE
JF  - Transactions of the ASAE
Y1  - 2003/11//Nov/Dec2003
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1647
EP  - 1651
SN  - 00012351
AB  - The Microgravity Pocket (MGP) was designed for continuous production of root crops in microgravity within a controlled environment. The MGP is intended to provide NASA with a "Salad Machine" to grow carrot and radish for consumption by astronauts. Attributes of the pocket system, include light weight; ease of planting, monitoring, and harvesting; no free water; and low energy requirements. The MGP system uses porous sheets of plastic to wick water to the plant roots, which are enclosed within a watertight pouch. An experiment was conducted growing carrot and radish root crops in a horizontal orientation adjacent to a water-cooled high-pressure sodium lamp. The hydrophilic property of the porous sheet provided nutrient solution to the root zone of the plants, but the small size of the pores prevented root growth into the sheet. The MGP was successful in growing both carrot and radish to harvestable size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transactions of the ASAE is the property of American Society of Agricultural & Biological Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - AGRICULTURE
KW  - ROOT crops
KW  - CROP science
KW  - Advanced life support
KW  - Nutrient delivery system
KW  - Root crop production
KW  - Salad machine
N1  - Accession Number: 12626035; Lefsrud, Mark G. 1,2; Email Address: mlefsrud@cisunix.unh.edu Giacomelli, Gene A. 1,3 Janes, Harry W. 4 Kliss, Mark H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Member Engineer, ASAE  2: Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Plant Biology, University of Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire  3: Professor, Department of Agriculture and Biosystems Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona  4: Research Professor, Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey  5: Branch Chief, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Nov/Dec2003, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1647; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Subject Term: ROOT crops; Subject Term: CROP science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced life support; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutrient delivery system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Root crop production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salad machine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael
AU  - Rainey, Fred A.
AU  - Molina, Paola
AU  - Bagaley, Danielle R.
AU  - Hollen, Becky J.
AU  - Rosa, José de la
AU  - Small, Alanna M.
AU  - Quinn, Richard C.
AU  - Grunthaner, Frank J.
AU  - Cáceres, Luis
AU  - Gomez-Silva, Benito
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Mars-Like Soils in the Atacama Desert, Chile, and the DryLimit of Microbial Life.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2003/11/07/
VL  - 302
IS  - 5647
M3  - Article
SP  - 1018
EP  - 1021
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Viking missions showed the martian soil to be lifeless and depleted in organic material and indicated the presence of one or more reactive oxidants. Here we report the presence of Mars-like soils in the extreme arid region of the Atacama Desert. Samples from this region had organic species only at trace levels and extremely low levels of culturable bacteria. Two samples from the extreme arid region were tested for DNA and none was recovered. Incubation experiments, patterned after the Viking labeled-release experiment but with separate biological and nonbiological isomers, show active decomposition of organic species in these soils by nonbiological processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOILS
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - VIKING Mars Program (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 11502641; Navarro-Gonzalez, Rafael 1,2; Email Address: navarro@nuclecu.unam.mx Rainey, Fred A. 3 Molina, Paola 1 Bagaley, Danielle R. 3 Hollen, Becky J. 3 Rosa, José de la 1 Small, Alanna M. 3 Quinn, Richard C. 4,5 Grunthaner, Frank J. 6 Cáceres, Luis 7 Gomez-Silva, Benito 8 McKay, Christopher P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Institute de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Aut&oactue;noma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico  2: Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Unité Mixte de Recherche CNRS 7583, Universités Paris 12 et Paris 7, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F 94010 Créteil Cedex, France.  3: Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.  4: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  5: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  6: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  7: Institute del Desierto y Departamento de Ingenieria Quimica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antofagasta, Post Office Box 170, Antofagasta, Chile.  8: Instituto del Desierto y Unidad de Bioquímica, Departamento Biomédico, Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Post Office Box 170, Antofagasta, Chile.; Source Info: 11/7/2003, Vol. 302 Issue 5647, p1018; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Company/Entity: VIKING Mars Program (U.S.); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2882
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Ng, Hou Tee
AU  - Delzeit, Lance
AU  - Ye, Qi
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Han, Jie
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - High throughput methodology for carbon nanomaterials discovery and optimization
JO  - Applied Catalysis A: General
JF  - Applied Catalysis A: General
Y1  - 2003/11/10/
VL  - 254
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
SN  - 0926860X
AB  - The application of high throughput methodology in the discovery of catalyst formulations and novel nanomaterials is expected to impact a wide range of applications. Carbon nanomaterials such as nanotubes, nanofibers, and diamond-like carbon are promising candidate materials for use in a wide variety of electrical, optical and mechanical applications. Therefore, the application of combinatorial methodologies to the discovery and optimization of carbon nanomaterials and catalyst formulations to produce them will accelerate the advancement of nanoscale science and technology. Here, we present an overview of the various combinatorial methodologies employed in the search for carbon nanotubes and related structures. It is hoped that continued innovations in high throughput methodology, especially for nanomaterials development, would be adapted to the many challenges facing nanotechnology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Catalysis A: General is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Combinatorial materials
KW  - CVD
KW  - Heterogeneous catalysis
KW  - Microarrays
N1  - Accession Number: 11251296; Cassell, Alan M. 1,2; Email Address: acassell@mail.arc.nasa.gov Ng, Hou Tee 1,2 Delzeit, Lance 1 Ye, Qi 1,2 Li, Jun 1,2 Han, Jie 1,2 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center For Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: ELORET Corporation, Suite 8, 690 W. Fremont Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94087-4202, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 254 Issue 1, p85; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combinatorial materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: CVD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heterogeneous catalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarrays; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0926-860X(03)00279-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larrabee, D.C.
AU  - Khodaparast, G.A.
AU  - Kono, J.
AU  - Ueda, K.
AU  - Nakajima, Y.
AU  - Nakai, M.
AU  - Sasa, S.
AU  - Inoue, M.
AU  - Kolokolov, K.I.
AU  - Li, J.
AU  - Ning, C.Z.
T1  - Temperature dependence of intersubband transitions in InAs/AlSb quantum wells.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/11/10/
VL  - 83
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 3936
EP  - 3938
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We have carried out a systematic temperature-dependent study of intersubband absorption in InAs/AlSb quantum wells from 5 to 10 nm well width. The resonance energy redshifts with increasing temperature from 10 to 300 K, and the amount of redshift increases with decreasing well width. We have modeled the transitions using eight-band k·p theory combined with semiconductor Bloch equations, including the main many-body effects. Temperature is incorporated via band filling and nonparabolicity, and good agreement with experiment is achieved for the temperature dependence of the resonance. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM wells
KW  - INDIUM arsenide
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 11332766; Larrabee, D.C. 1; Email Address: kono@rice.edu Khodaparast, G.A. 1 Kono, J. 1 Ueda, K. 2 Nakajima, Y. 2 Nakai, M. 2 Sasa, S. 2 Inoue, M. 2 Kolokolov, K.I. 3 Li, J. 3 Ning, C.Z. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice Quantum Institute, and Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University  2: New Materials Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology  3: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: 11/10/2003, Vol. 83 Issue 19, p3936; Subject Term: QUANTUM wells; Subject Term: INDIUM arsenide; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1626264
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11332766&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Stephen, T.M.
AU  - Rothman, L.S.
AU  - Giver, L.P.
AU  - Mandin, J.-Y.
AU  - Gamache, R.R.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Murcray, F.J.
T1  - The 1-<f>μm CO2</f> bands and the <f>O2</f> (0–1) <f>X3 Σg−−a1Δg</f> and (1–0) <f>X3Σg−−b1Σg+</f> bands in the Earth atmosphere
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The <f>CO2</f> triad of bands in the 9300–<f>9700 cm−1</f> region have been observed in near infrared <f>0.05 cm−1</f> resolution ground-based solar absorption spectra. This interval is a portion of spectra taken in the 9000–<f>12,000 cm−1</f> region, at large solar zenith angles. Considering the available line positions and pressure line shifts for <f>CO2</f>, <f>H2</f>O and <f>O2</f> in this region as of 2000, it was concluded that these observations show significant inconsistencies among the line positions of the species as listed in the atmospheric spectroscopy databases. The spectra allow a better definition of the <f>O2</f> (0–1) <f>X3Σg−−a1Δg</f> band, with the discrete (0–1) transitions observable in the 9300–<f>9450 cm−1</f>, superimposed on a collision-induced continuum covering the 9200–<f>9700 cm−1</f> region. This continuum, as well as the (0–0) continuum in the <f>7900 cm−1</f> region, have been previously studied only from atmospheric spectra with much lower spectral resolution. The discrete <f>O2</f> (1–0) transitions of the <f>X3Σg−−b1Σg+</f> atmospheric B-band are observed in the 11,500–<f>11,600 cm−1</f> region, but no evidence is found for an underlying continuum. A recent laboratory study of the <f>2ν1+3ν312CO2</f> triad significantly improves the consistency between the <f>O2</f>, <f>H2O</f> and <f>CO2</f> lines in the atmospheric spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - GASES
N1  - Accession Number: 10354745; Goldman, A. 1; Email Address: goldman@acd.ucar.edu Stephen, T.M. 1 Rothman, L.S. 2 Giver, L.P. 3 Mandin, J.-Y. 4 Gamache, R.R. 5 Rinsland, C.P. 6 Murcray, F.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Denver, 2112 E Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80208-0202, USA  2: Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Atmospheric Physics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1006, USA  4: Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire et Applications, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75252 Paris, Cedex 05, France  5: Department of Environmental, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of Massachusetts, Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA  6: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p197; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: GASES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00153-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10354745&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Flaud, J.-M.
AU  - Perrin, A.
AU  - Birk, M.
AU  - Wagner, G.
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Barbe, A.
AU  - De Backer-Barilly, M.-R.
AU  - Mikhailenko, S.N.
AU  - Tyuterev, Vl.G.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Schreier, F.
AU  - Chance, K.V.
AU  - Orphal, J.
AU  - Stephen, T.M.
T1  - Spectroscopic parameters for ozone and its isotopes: recent measurements, outstanding issues, and prospects for improvements to HITRAN
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 207
SN  - 00224073
AB  - In this article we review ozone spectroscopy from the microwave to the ultraviolet since the release of the 1996 HITRAN database. Uncertainties, deficiencies, areas of potential improvement, and anticipated new spectral line parameters datasets are highlighted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - Laboratory spectroscopy
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 10354746; Rinsland, C.P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Flaud, J.-M. 2 Perrin, A. 2 Birk, M. 3 Wagner, G. 3 Goldman, A. 4 Barbe, A. 5 De Backer-Barilly, M.-R. 5 Mikhailenko, S.N. 6 Tyuterev, Vl.G. 5 Smith, M.A.H. 1 Malathy Devi, V. 7 Benner, D. Chris 7 Schreier, F. 3 Chance, K.V. 8 Orphal, J. 2 Stephen, T.M. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 402, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Bât. 350, Université Paris-Sud, Campus de Orsay, 91405 Orsay, Cedex, France  3: Remote Sensing Technology Institute, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhoffen, Germany  4: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  5: Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, UMR CNRS, 6089, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France  6: Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, 1, Akademicheskii Av., 634055 Tomsk, Russia  7: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  8: Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p207; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laboratory spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00154-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10354746&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Champion, J.P.
AU  - Devi, V.M.
AU  - Fejard, L.
AU  - Gamache, R.R.
AU  - Gabard, T.
AU  - Hilico, J.C.
AU  - Lavorel, B.
AU  - Loete, M.
AU  - Mellau, G.Ch.
AU  - Nikitin, A.
AU  - Pine, A.S.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Robert, O.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Tashkun, S.A.
AU  - Tyuterev, Vl.G.
T1  - Methane line parameters in HITRAN
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Two editions of the methane line parameters (line positions, intensities and broadening coefficients) available from HITRAN in 2000 and 2001 are described. In both versions, the spectral interval covered was the same (from 0.01 to <f>6184.5 cm−1</f>), but the database increased from 48,033 transitions in 2000 to 211,465 lines in 2001 because weaker transitions of <f>12CH4</f> and new bands of <f>13CH4</f> and <f>CH3D</f> were included. The newer list became available in 2001 in the “Update” section of HITRAN. The sources of information are described, and the prospects for future improvements are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - <f>CH3D</f>
KW  - Database
KW  - Line parameters
KW  - Methane
N1  - Accession Number: 10354747; Brown, L.R. 1; Email Address: linda.brown@jpl.nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 2 Champion, J.P. 3 Devi, V.M. 2 Fejard, L. 3 Gamache, R.R. 4 Gabard, T. 3 Hilico, J.C. 3 Lavorel, B. 3 Loete, M. 3 Mellau, G.Ch. 5 Nikitin, A. 6 Pine, A.S. 7 Predoi-Cross, A. 8 Rinsland, C.P. 9 Robert, O. 3 Sams, R.L. 10 Smith, M.A.H. 9 Tashkun, S.A. 6 Tyuterev, Vl.G. 11; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Mailstop 183-601, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Laboratoire de Physique, UMR CNRS No 5027, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A Savary, BP 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France  4: University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, 1 University Ave, Lowell, MA 01854, USA  5: Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus- Liebig-Universitat Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, D-35392 Giessen, Germany  6: Russian Academy of Science, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, Tomsk 634055, Russia  7: Alpine Technologies, 14401 Poplar Hill Rd, Germantown, MD 20874, USA  8: Physics Department, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Canada  9: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  10: Pacific NW National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA  11: Groupe de Spectrometrie Moleculaire et Atmospherique, UMR CNRS N6089, University de Reims, UFR Sciences BP 1039-51687 Reims, Cedex 2, France; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p219; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: <f>CH3D</f>; Author-Supplied Keyword: Database; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00155-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10354747&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Coffey, M.T.
AU  - Hannigan, J.W.
AU  - Mankin, W.G.
AU  - Chance, K.V.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
T1  - HBr and HI line parameters update for atmospheric spectroscopy databases
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 313
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Recent work on new line parameters for the <f>X1Σ+</f>(0–0),(0–1) <f>H79Br</f>, <f>H81Br</f> bands and the <f>X1Σ+</f>(0–0), (0–1) HI bands, which include hyperfine structure components, has been extended for an update of spectroscopic databases in use for atmospheric spectroscopy. The updated line parameters, now incorporated in HITRAN 2001, are discussed in comparison to HITRAN 1996. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - HYDROGEN bromide
KW  - HYDROGEN ions
KW  - HBr
KW  - HI
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Line parameters
KW  - Spectroscopic databases
N1  - Accession Number: 10354752; Goldman, A. 1; Email Address: goldman@acd.ucar.edu Coffey, M.T. 2 Hannigan, J.W. 2 Mankin, W.G. 2 Chance, K.V. 3 Rinsland, C.P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  2: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  3: Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p313; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bromide; Subject Term: HYDROGEN ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: HBr; Author-Supplied Keyword: HI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopic databases; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00160-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10354752&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Sharpe, Steven W.
AU  - Sams, Robert. L.
T1  - A multispectrum analysis of the <f>ν1</f> band of <f>H12C14N</f>: Part I. Intensities, self-broadening and self-shift coefficients
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 319
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The infrared spectrum of HCN in the region between 3150 and <f>3450 cm−1</f> has been recorded at 0.005 and <f>0.008 cm−1</f> resolution using two different Fourier transform spectrometers, the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at the National Solar Observatory (on Kitt Peak) and the Bruker-120HR Fourier transform spectrometer situated at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory at Richland, Washington. Room temperature measurements were made of positions, absolute intensities, self-broadening and self-shift coefficients for individual lines belonging to the HCN <f>ν1</f> band centered near <f>3311 cm−1</f>. These are to our knowledge the first extensive set of self-broadening and self shift measurements in the band. In addition, intensities, self-broadening and self-shift coefficients for several lines of the <f>ν1+ν21−ν21</f> hot band and several intensities for lines in the <f>H13C14N</f> and <f>H12C15N</f> isotopomers were also determined. A multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting algorithm was used to fit the entire spectral region covering the 3200–<f>3400 cm−1</f> region of up to 27 spectra simultaneously. The measured line intensities in the <f>ν1</f> band were further analyzed to derive the vibrational band intensity and the Herman–Wallis coefficients. Differences in line intensities between 5 and 10% are found with respect to present measurements and the values given in the HITRAN database for <f>m</f> values beyond 25 in the P branch and 5 in the R branch. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - Absolute intensity
KW  - Broadening and shifts
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - HCN
KW  - HCN <f>ν1</f> band
KW  - Infrared spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 10354753; Malathy Devi, V. 1 Benner, D. Chris 1; Email Address: dcbenn@wm.edu Smith, M.A.H. 2 Rinsland, C.P. 2 Sharpe, Steven W. 3 Sams, Robert. L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Mail Stop K8-88, Battelle Boulevard, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p319; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absolute intensity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadening and shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN <f>ν1</f> band; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00161-4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10354753&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - W. Sharpe, Steven
AU  - L. Sams, Robert
T1  - A multispectrum analysis of the <f>ν1</f> band of <f>H12C14N</f>: Part II. Air- and <f>N2</f>-broadening, shifts and their temperature dependences
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Air- and <f>N2</f>-broadening, air- and <f>N2</f>-pressure-induced shift coefficients and the temperature dependence exponent of the broadening coefficients and the temperature dependent coefficient of pressure-induced shifts have been determined for transitions of the <f>ν1</f> band of <f>H12C14N</f> from 39 laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.005 and <f>0.008 cm−1</f> resolutions with two different Fourier transform spectrometers. The parameters were retrieved from the multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fits to the 3200–<f>3400 cm−1</f> region of spectra recorded at temperatures between <f>+26°C</f> and <f>−60°C</f>. Pure samples of HCN in a 19.95 cell and a <f>0.958 cm</f> cell at room temperature as well as lean mixtures of HCN in <f>N2</f> or dry air in a coolable cell with a <f>50 cm</f> absorption path were used in the experiments. Line parameters for <f>N2</f> broadening were determined by fitting 27 spectra simultaneously while air-broadening parameters were quantified from simultaneous fits to 22 spectra. The average ratio and the standard deviation of the room-temperature air- to <f>N2</f>-broadening coefficient of lines with assignments between P(29) and R(28) are <f>0.904±0.001</f>. Pressure-induced shift coefficients at <f>296 K</f> are all negative with values between 0 and <f>∼−0.006 cm−1 atm−1</f> and different rotational dependences in the P- and R-branches. Differences between our results, previous measurements and the parameters that are reported in the 2000 edition of HITRAN (HIgh-resolution TRANsmission) database are quantified and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Hydrogen cyanide
KW  - Infrared spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 10354754; Rinsland, C.P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Malathy Devi, V. 2 Smith, M.A.H. 1 Chris Benner, D. 2 W. Sharpe, Steven 3 L. Sams, Robert 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Battelle Boulevard, MS K8-88, P.O.Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p343; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen cyanide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00162-6
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=10354754&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chackerian, Charles
AU  - W. Sharpe, Steven
AU  - A. Blake, Thomas
T1  - Anhydrous nitric acid integrated absorption cross sections: 820–<f>5300 cm−1</f>
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Fourier transform infrared absorbance measurements of small aliquots of anhydrous nitric acid were used to determine regional, integrated cross sections at 278.2, 298.22 and <f>323.15 K</f>. Spectra were recorded with pressure broadened samples (1 atmosphere nitrogen), in a <f>20 cm</f> path length cell at a spectral resolution of <f>0.112 cm−1</f>. Spectral regions measured include the vibrational bands: <f>ν1 (∼3552 cm−1)</f>, <f>ν2 (∼1710 cm−1)</f>, <f>ν3</f>, <f>ν4 (∼1320 cm−1)</f>, and <f>ν5</f>, <f>2ν9 (∼890 cm−1)</f> and regions of weaker absorption between 820 and <f>5300 cm−1</f>. We observe expected changes in the distribution of rovibrational intensities with temperature, but to the accuracy of our measurements, cross-sections integrated over entire vibrational bands are independent of temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Absorption cross sections
KW  - Band intensities
KW  - Nitric acid
N1  - Accession Number: 10354760; Chackerian, Charles 1; Email Address: cchackerian@mail.arc.nasa.gov W. Sharpe, Steven 2 A. Blake, Thomas 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center and SETI Institute Mail Stop 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Battelle, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Battelle Blvd. Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p429; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption cross sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Band intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitric acid; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00168-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Sharpe, Steven W.
AU  - Sams, Robert L.
T1  - Temperature-dependent absorption cross-sections in the thermal infrared bands of <f>SF5CF3</f>
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 483
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Absorption cross-sections have been measured at five temperatures between 213 and <f>323 K</f> in the infrared bands of <f>SF5CF3</f>. The spectra were recorded at a resolution of <f>0.112 cm−1</f> using a commercial Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a <f>20 cm</f> temperature-controlled sample cell. Samples of <f>SF5CF3</f> were pressurized with high-purity nitrogen to a total pressure of <f>1013.3 hPa (760 Torr)</f>. Six or more spectra with varying <f>SF5CF3</f> column amounts were analyzed at each temperature. The full spectral range of the measurements was 520–<f>6500 cm−1</f>, with only weak bands observed beyond <f>1400 cm−1</f>. Absorption of thermal radiation in the 8–<f>12 μm</f> atmospheric window region being important for climate change, we report here the integrated cross-sections of the significant absorption bands in that spectral region. Our results closely match room temperature values reported previously. Only small variation of the integrated absorption cross-sections with temperature was found. Our results confirm the accuracy of the previous measurements, which find <f>SF5CF3</f> important for global climate change on a per molecule basis. Absorption cross-sections derived from a single, near Doppler-limited spectrum recorded at room temperature do not show any rotational fine structure in the 700–<f>950 cm−1</f> region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - Absorption cross-section
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 10354764; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Sharpe, Steven W. 2 Sams, Robert L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 82 Issue 1-4, p483; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption cross-section; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(03)00172-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shukla, S.
AU  - Patil, S.
AU  - Kuiry, S.C.
AU  - Rahman, Z.
AU  - Du, T.
AU  - Ludwig, L.
AU  - Parish, C.
AU  - Seal, S.
T1  - Synthesis and characterization of sol–gel derived nanocrystalline tin oxide thin film as hydrogen sensor
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2003/11/15/
VL  - 96
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Tin oxide (SnOx) semiconductor thin film is coated on Pyrex glass (silica) substrates using the sol–gel dip-coating technique utilizing alkoxide precursor. The thin film is extensively characterized for its surface morphology, chemistry, thickness, and nanocrystallite size using different analytical techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The HRTEM sample preparation is done for the first time using focused ion-beam (FIB) milling technique. Under the given processing conditions, SnOx semiconductor thin film having thickness 100–150 nm and nanocrystallite size 6–8 nm is obtained. In view of the reported literature and the present experimental data, it is demonstrated that the film is suitable for sensing H2 gas at room temperature. Sensitivity value as high as 394% is observed at room temperature for 4 vol.% H2, which is an explosive limit at room temperature for the space-based applications as set by NASA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIN compounds
KW  - ALKOXIDES
KW  - THIN films
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - Alkoxide
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Nanocrystalline
KW  - Sensor
KW  - Sol–gel
KW  - Tin oxide
N1  - Accession Number: 11401785; Shukla, S. 1 Patil, S. 1 Kuiry, S.C. 1 Rahman, Z. 1 Du, T. 1 Ludwig, L. 2 Parish, C. 2 Seal, S. 1; Email Address: sseal@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Materials Aerospace Engineering Department (MMAE), Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), University of Central Florida (UCF), Engineering #381, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), John F. Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 96 Issue 1/2, p343; Subject Term: TIN compounds; Subject Term: ALKOXIDES; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocrystalline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sol–gel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tin oxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00568-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pinto, N. J.
AU  - Johnson Jr., A. T.
AU  - MacDiarmid, A. G.
AU  - Mueller, C. H.
AU  - Theofylaktos, N.
AU  - Robinson, D. C.
AU  - Miranda, F. A.
T1  - Electrospun polyaniline/polyethylene oxide nanofiber field-effect transistor.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/11/17/
VL  - 83
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 4244
EP  - 4246
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We report on the observation of field-effect transistor (FET) behavior in electrospun camphorsulfonic-acid-doped polyaniline/polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers. Saturation channel currents are observed at surprisingly low source–drain voltages. The hole mobility in the depletion regime is 1.4×10[sup -4] cm[sup 2]/V s, while the one-dimensional (1-D) charge density (at zero gate bias) is calculated to be approximately 1 hole per 50 two-ring repeat units of polyaniline, consistent with the rather high channel conductivity (∼10[sup -3] S/cm). Reducing or eliminating the PEO content in the fiber is expected to enhance device parameters. Electrospinning is thus proposed as a simple method of fabricating one-dimensional polymer FETs. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - POLYETHYLENE oxide
KW  - ANILINE
KW  - POLYMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 11421566; Pinto, N. J. 1; Email Address: nj_pinto@webmail.uprh.edu Johnson Jr., A. T. 2 MacDiarmid, A. G. 3 Mueller, C. H. 4 Theofylaktos, N. 5 Robinson, D. C. 5 Miranda, F. A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico,  Humacao, Puerto Rico 00791.  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.  3: Department of  Chemistry University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104.  4: Analex Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  5: NASA-Glenn Research  Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: 11/17/2003, Vol. 83 Issue 20, p4244; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE oxide; Subject Term: ANILINE; Subject Term: POLYMERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1627484
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunn, Walter
AU  - Cassie Chou, Walter
AU  - Hong Li
AU  - Rong Hai
AU  - Patterson, David
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Hua Zhu
AU  - Liu, Fenyong
T1  - Functional profiling of a human cytomegalovirus genome.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2003/11/25/
VL  - 100
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 14223
EP  - 14228
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous herpesvirus, causes a lifelong subclinical infection in healthy adults bur leads to significant morbidity and mortality in neonates and immuno compromised individuals, Its ability to grow in different cell types is responsible for HCMV-associated diseases, including mental retardation and retinitis, and vascular disorders. To globally assess viral gene function for replication in cells, we determined the genomic sequence of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based clone of HCMV Towne strain and used this information to delete each of its 162 unique ORFs and generate a collection of viral mutants. The growth of these mutants in different cultured cells was examined to systematically investigate the necessity of each ORF for replication. Our results showed that 45 ORFs are essential for viral replication in fibroblasts and 117 are nonessential. Some genes were found to be required for viral replication in retinal pigment epithelial cells and microvascular endothelial cells, bur not in fibroblasts, indicating their role as tropism factors. Interestingly, several viral mutants grew 10- to 500-fold better than the parental strain in different cell types, suggesting that the deleted ORFs encode replication temperance or repressing functions. Thus, HCMV encodes supportive and suppressive growth regulators for optimizing its replication in human fibroblasts, epithelial, and endothelial cells. Suppression of viral replication by virus-encoded temperance factors represents a novel mechanism for regulating the growth of an animal virus, and may contribute to HCMV's optimal infection of different tissues and successful proliferation among the human population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYTOMEGALOVIRUSES
KW  - HERPESVIRUSES
KW  - MENTAL disabilities
KW  - RETINITIS pigmentosa
KW  - FIBROBLASTS
KW  - VIRAL replication
N1  - Accession Number: 11916948; Dunn, Walter 1 Cassie Chou, Walter 1 Hong Li 1 Rong Hai 1 Patterson, David 1 Stolc, Viktor 2 Hua Zhu 3 Liu, Fenyong 1; Email Address: liu_fy@uclink4.berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, 140 Warren Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  3: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Medicine and Dentistry-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101.; Source Info: 11/25/2003, Vol. 100 Issue 24, p14223; Subject Term: CYTOMEGALOVIRUSES; Subject Term: HERPESVIRUSES; Subject Term: MENTAL disabilities; Subject Term: RETINITIS pigmentosa; Subject Term: FIBROBLASTS; Subject Term: VIRAL replication; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.2334032100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Birk, Ronald J.
AU  - Stanley, Thomas
AU  - Snyder, Gregory I.
AU  - Hennig, Thomas A.
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew M.
AU  - Policelli, Fritz
T1  - Government programs for research and operational uses of commercial remote sensing data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2003/11/30/
VL  - 88
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The private sector is delivering products and services derived from an expanding array of airborne and spaceborne remote sensing systems. The successful commercial launches of the IKONOS, QuickBird, and OrbView-3 satellites in 1999, 2001, and 2003, respectively, combined with commercial airborne sensors such as the Positive Systems ADAR 5500 (multispectral), the Intermap STAR-3i (interferometric synthetic aperture radar), and TerraPoint, LLC, LIDAR System have ushered in an era of expanded capability and capacity for the field of remote sensing of our Earth. Remote sensing data from commercial sensors offer the public and private geospatial information communities important new sources of timely and accurate spatial information that can augment data provided by public-sector remote sensing systems. Several Federal agencies, including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA), have established data purchase programs and related activities to access, evaluate, and assimilate new commercial remote sensing products to serve research and operational requirements. Plans for future commercial systems and data products indicate an expanding set of data types using hyperspectral, radar, LIDAR, and microwave technologies. The availability of new data sources has established the basis for Federal programs to provide for systematic characterization of the products, consistent with the characterization of data products enabled by traditional sources that include Landsat, SPOT, and the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). An overview of commercial remote sensing initiatives within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the U.S. Department of the Interior, and the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and of their Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) team, illustrates these points, highlights lessons learned from these activities, and outlines recommendations for the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Commercial remote sensing
KW  - Digital elevation model
KW  - Earth science
KW  - Hyperspectral
KW  - IKONOS
KW  - Imagery
KW  - LIDAR
KW  - Mapping
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Multispectral
KW  - OrbView-3
KW  - QuickBird
KW  - Radar
N1  - Accession Number: 11402747; Birk, Ronald J. 1; Email Address: rbirk@hq.nasa.gov Stanley, Thomas 2 Snyder, Gregory I. 3 Hennig, Thomas A. 4 Fladeland, Matthew M. 5 Policelli, Fritz 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Office of Earth Science, 300 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20546, USA  2: NASA Earth Science Applications Directorate, Stennis Space Center, MS, USA  3: USGS National Center, Reston, VA, USA  4: National Imagery and Mapping Agency, Bethesda, MD, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 88 Issue 1/2, p3; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Commercial remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital elevation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: IKONOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imagery; Author-Supplied Keyword: LIDAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multispectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: OrbView-3; Author-Supplied Keyword: QuickBird; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2003.07.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurtt, George
AU  - Xiao, Xiangming
AU  - Keller, Michael
AU  - Palace, Michael
AU  - Asner, Gregory P.
AU  - Braswell, Rob
AU  - Brondízio, Eduardo S.
AU  - Cardoso, Manoel
AU  - Carvalho, Claudio J.R.
AU  - Fearon, Matthew G.
AU  - Guild, Liane
AU  - Hagen, Steve
AU  - Hetrick, Scott
AU  - Moore III, Berrien
AU  - Nobre, Carlos
AU  - Read, Jane M.
AU  - Sá, Tatiana
AU  - Schloss, Annette
AU  - Vourlitis, George
AU  - Wickel, Albertus J.
T1  - IKONOS imagery for the Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2003/11/30/
VL  - 88
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The LBA-ECO program is one of several international research components under the Brazilian-led Large Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA). The field-oriented research activities of this study are organized along transects and include a set of primary field sites, where the major objective is to study land-use change and ecosystem dynamics, and a smaller set of 15 operational eddy flux tower sites, where the major objective is to quantify net exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere. To supplement these studies and help to address issues of fine-scale spatial heterogeneity and scaling, high-resolution satellite imagery (IKONOS, 1–4 m) have been acquired over some of these study sites. This paper begins with a description of the acquisition strategy and IKONOS holdings for LBA. This section is followed with a review of some of the most promising new applications of these data in LBA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - IKONOS
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Land use
KW  - LBA
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Spatial heterogeneity
N1  - Accession Number: 11402755; Hurtt, George 1,2; Email Address: george.hurtt@unh.edu Xiao, Xiangming 1 Keller, Michael 1,3 Palace, Michael 1 Asner, Gregory P. 4 Braswell, Rob 1 Brondízio, Eduardo S. 5 Cardoso, Manoel 1 Carvalho, Claudio J.R. 6 Fearon, Matthew G. 1 Guild, Liane 7 Hagen, Steve 1 Hetrick, Scott 8 Moore III, Berrien 1 Nobre, Carlos 9 Read, Jane M. 10 Sá, Tatiana 6 Schloss, Annette 1 Vourlitis, George 11 Wickel, Albertus J. 6,12; Affiliation:  1: Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA  2: Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA  3: USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Rio Piedras, PR, USA  4: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA  5: Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Student Building 130 Bloomington, IN 47405, USA  6: EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental, Belém, PA 66095-100, Brazil  7: Ecosystem Science and Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Anthropological Center for Training and Research on Global Environmental Change Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA  9: CPTEC/INPE Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Cachoeira Paulista, SP 12630-000 Brazil  10: Department of Geography, Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA  11: Biological Sciences Department, California State University, San Marcos, CA 92096, USA  12: Center for Development Research (ZEF), Department of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Bonn, D-53113 Bonn, Germany; Source Info: Nov2003, Vol. 88 Issue 1/2, p111; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: IKONOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land use; Author-Supplied Keyword: LBA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial heterogeneity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2003.04.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cline, Lynn F.H.
AU  - Gibbs, Graham
T1  - Re-negotiation of the International Space Station Agreements—1993–1997
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 53
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 917
SN  - 00945765
AB  - During the Spring of 1993, at the request of the US President, the Space Station partners, under the leadership of the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), undertook a fundamental redesign of the Space Station and the manner by which NASA would manage the program. Coincident with the 1993 redesign, NASA initiated discussions with the Russian Federation with the view to Russia becoming a partner in the Space Station Program. This resulted in the partners (the United States, Canada, Europe and Japan) issuing, on December 6, 1993, an invitation to Russia to enter into negotiations to become a partner in the International Space Station Program.Originally, the negotiations were intended to center exclusively around the changes required to the government and agency-level Space Station Agreements to bring Russia into the partnership, and to reflect the changes resulting from the 1993 redesign. After the commencement of the negotiations it became necessary to also reflect changes due to restructuring of the European and Canadian partners’ programs, and various desires of the partners to confirm in the legal framework new provisions for dealing with cost control and common operations activities.This paper provides a summary of the complex legal and programmatic multinational negotiations that took place between 1993 and 1997 on a multilateral Intergovernmental Agreement and four bilateral space agency-level Memoranda of Understanding.This paper puts these most recent negotiations in the context of the first set of agreements which were signed in September 1988, explains the process the original partners put in place for the 1993–1997 Round of negotiations, and the substantive issues that resulted together with the solutions agreed. The paper captures in one document the most relevant aspects of these important international negotiations, and complements those papers previously presented by the authors at the 45th and 47th Congresses of the International Astronautical Federation.1<fn id="fn1"><no>1</no>“Expanding the International Space Station Program Partnership—An International Partner''s Perspective” by Graham Gibbs, Canadian Space Agency, IAA-94-IAA.3.2.638.</fn>2<fn id="fn2"><no>2</no>“International Negotiations: The International Space Station Agreements” by Lynn F.H. Cline, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, IAA-96-IAA.3.1.03.</fn> [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE stations
KW  - PARTNERSHIP (Business)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS -- International cooperation
KW  - RUSSIA
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 10176846; Cline, Lynn F.H. 1 Gibbs, Graham 2; Affiliation:  1: Deputy Associate Administrator for External Relations, US National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 300 E St SW, Washington, DC, USA  2: Washington Operations, Canadian Space Agency, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 53 Issue 11, p917; Subject Term: SPACE stations; Subject Term: PARTNERSHIP (Business); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS -- International cooperation; Subject Term: RUSSIA; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0094-5765(02)00210-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murphy-Morris, J.
AU  - Wack, E.
T1  - Prelaunch instrument calibration in the real world: The GOES example
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 32
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2113
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The pre-launch ground infrared calibration of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) N-Q Imager and Sounder is presented. Ground calibration provides information necessary to the accurate on-orbit calibration of these radiometers. Infrared channels are calibrated in a thermal vacuum environment, under minimum and maximum mission operation temperatures, using a variable-temperature warm target to simulate the Earth scene and a cold target to simulate the space scene. Brightness temperatures derived from observation of the instrument internal calibration target, used for on-orbit calibration, are compared to brightness temperatures of the external calibration target as a check of relative accuracy using these two sources. Changes to the GOES N-Q specification from GOES I-M are highlighted, as well as results of noise, relative calibration accuracy, and spectral response performance to date. For completeness, results of spatial and pointing performance will be presented. Enhancements to test methodology and data processing techniques are highlighted throughout. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL instruments
KW  - RADIOMETERS
N1  - Accession Number: 12234896; Murphy-Morris, J. 1; Email Address: jeanine.e.murphy@nasa.gov Wack, E. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood Street, Lexington MA. 02420-9185, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 32 Issue 11, p2113; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL instruments; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pindera, Marek-Jerzy
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Analysis of Locally Irregular Composites Using High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 41
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2331
EP  - 2340
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The generalized method of cells is a micromechanics model that is generally quite accurate at the macrolevel but not always accurate at the microlevel. This is due to the absence of so-called shear coupling, which provides the required bridge between macroscopically applied normal (shear) stresses and the microscopic shear (normal) stresses necessary for an accurate estimate of microlevel quantities. To overcome this deficiency, a new micromechanics model has been developed for the response of multiphase materials with arbitrary periodic microstructures, named high-fidelity generalized method of cells in part because it employs the same microstructural discretization as the original generalized method of cells. The model's framework is based on the homogenization theory, but the method of solution for the local fields borrows concepts previously employed in constructing the higher-order theory for functionally graded materials, in contrast with the typical finite element-based solution strategies. The model generates the average stress—strain response of heterogeneous materials such as ceramic, metal, and polymeric matrix composites, as well as the internal or microlevel stress and strain fields, with excellent accuracy. The model is employed to investigate the response of a metal matrix composite with locally irregular, but periodic, fiber distributions, and it is shown that irregular architectures affect shear and normal stress-strain response in a different manner. The new model's ability to capture these differences is attributed to the shear-coupling effect absent in the original model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 12042512; Pindera, Marek-Jerzy 1 Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia  2: Tel-Aviv University, Israel  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 41 Issue 12, p2331; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 20 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cutler, A.D.
AU  - Danehy, P.M.
AU  - Springer, R.R.
AU  - O'Byrne, S.
AU  - Capriotti, D.P.
AU  - DeLoach, R.
T1  - Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopic Thermometry in a Supersonic Combustor.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 41
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2451
EP  - 2459
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An experiment has been conducted to acquire data for the validation of computational fluid dynamics codes used in the design of supersonic combustors. The flow in a supersonic combustor, consisting of a diverging duct with a single downstream-angled wall injector, is studied. Combustor entrance Mach number is 2 and enthalpy nominally corresponds to Mach 7 flight. The primary measurement technique is coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy, hut surface pressures and temperatures have also been acquired. Modern design of experiment techniques have been used to maximize the quality of the data set (for the given level of effort) and to minimize systematic errors. Temperature maps are obtained at several planes in the flow for a case in which the combustor is piloted by injecting fuel upstream of the main injector and one case in which it is not piloted. Boundary conditions and uncertainties are characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 12042526; Cutler, A.D. 1 Danehy, P.M. 2 Springer, R.R. 1 O'Byrne, S. 2 Capriotti, D.P. 2 DeLoach, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: George Washington University, Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 41 Issue 12, p2451; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: MACH number; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vanderwal, R. L.
AU  - Berger, G. M.
AU  - Ticich, T. M.
T1  - Carbon nanotube synthesis in a flame using laser ablation for in situ catalyst generation.
JO  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
JF  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 77
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 885
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09478396
AB  - ABSTRACT Laser ablation of either Ni or Fe is used to create  nanoparticles within a reactive flame environment for catalysis  of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Ablation of Fe in a CO-enriched  flame produces single-walled nanotubes, whereas, ablation of  Ni in an acetylene-enriched flame produces carbon nanofibers.  These results illustrate that the materials for catalyst particle  formation and CNT, SWNT or nanofiber, inception and growth  in the aerosol phase can be supplied from separate sources;  a metal-carbon mixture produced by condensation is not neces-  sary. Both particle formation and CNT inception can begin from  molecular species in a laser-ablation approach within the com-  plex chemical environment of a flame. Moreover, SWNTs and  nanofibers can be synthesized within very short timescales, of  the order of tens of milliseconds. Finally, high-intensity pulsed  laser light can destroy CNTs through either vaporization or co-  alescence induced by melting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER ablation
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - CATALYSIS
KW  - NANOTUBES
N1  - Accession Number: 11092263; Vanderwal, R. L. 1; Email Address: randy@rvander.grc.nasa.gov Berger, G. M. 1 Ticich, T. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NCMR,  c/o  NASA-Glenn Research  Center.  M.S.  110-3  21000, Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  2: Centenary College of Louisiana, Dept. of Chemistry, 2911 Centenary  Blvd., Shreveport, LA 71134, USA.; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 77 Issue 7, p885; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00339-003-2196-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Truccolo, Wilson
AU  - Knuth, Kevin H.
AU  - Shah, Ankoor
AU  - Bressler, Steven L.
AU  - Schroeder, Charles E.
AU  - Ding, Mingzhou
T1  - Estimation of single-trial multicomponent ERPs: Differentially variable component analysis (dVCA).
JO  - Biological Cybernetics
JF  - Biological Cybernetics
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 89
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 426
EP  - 438
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03401200
AB  - A Bayesian inference framework for estimating the parameters of single-trial, multicomponent, event-related potentials is presented. Single-trial recordings are modeled as the linear combination of ongoing activity and multicomponent waveforms that are relatively phase-locked to certain sensory or motor events. Each component is assumed to have a trial-invariant waveform with trial-dependent amplitude scaling factors and latency shifts. A Maximum a Posteriori solution of this model is implemented via an iterative algorithm from which the component’s waveform, single-trial amplitude scaling factors and latency shifts are estimated. Multiple components can be derived from a single-channel recording based on their differential variability, an aspect in contrast with other component analysis techniques (e.g., independent component analysis) where the number of components estimated is equal to or smaller than the number of recording channels. Furthermore, we show that, by subtracting out the estimated single-trial components from each of the single-trial recordings, one can estimate the ongoing activity, thus providing additional information concerning task-related brain dynamics. We test this approach, which we name differentially variable component analysis (dVCA), on simulated data and apply it to an experimental dataset consisting of intracortically recorded local field potentials from monkeys performing a visuomotor pattern discrimination task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biological Cybernetics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN field theory
KW  - BRAIN
KW  - MOTOR neurons
KW  - CATHODE ray oscillographs
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
N1  - Accession Number: 11692817; Truccolo, Wilson 1 Knuth, Kevin H. 2 Shah, Ankoor 3,4 Bressler, Steven L. 5 Schroeder, Charles E. 3,4 Ding, Mingzhou 5; Email Address: ding@fau.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, 190 Thayer Street, Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: Computational Sciences Division, Code IC, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA  4: Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia Dept, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY 10962, USA  5: Center for Complex Systems and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA; Source Info: 2003, Vol. 89 Issue 6, p426; Subject Term: BAYESIAN field theory; Subject Term: BRAIN; Subject Term: MOTOR neurons; Subject Term: CATHODE ray oscillographs; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cao, Yanzhao
AU  - Hussaini, M.Y.
AU  - Zang, T.A.
T1  - An Efficient Monte Carlo Method for Optimal Control Problems with Uncertainty.
JO  - Computational Optimization & Applications
JF  - Computational Optimization & Applications
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
EP  - 230
SN  - 09266003
AB  - A general framework is proposed for what we call the sensitivity derivative Monte Carlo (SDMC) solution of optimal control problems with a stochastic parameter. This method employs the residual in the first-order Taylor series expansion of the cost functional in terms of the stochastic parameter rather than the cost functional itself. A rigorous estimate is derived for the variance of the residual, and it is verified by numerical experiments involving the generalized steady-state Burgers equation with a stochastic coefficient of viscosity. Specifically, the numerical results show that for a given number of samples, the present method yields an order of magnitude higher accuracy than a conventional Monte Carlo method. In other words, the proposed variance reduction method based on sensitivity derivatives is shown to accelerate convergence of the Monte Carlo method. As the sensitivity derivatives are computed only at the mean values of the relevant parameters, the related extra cost of the proposed method is a fraction of the total time of the Monte Carlo method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Optimization & Applications is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - OPTIMAL control theory
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - VARIANCES
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - Burger's equation
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - optimal control
KW  - sensitivity derivatives
KW  - uncertainty quantification
N1  - Accession Number: 86036869; Cao, Yanzhao 1; Hussaini, M.Y. 2; Zang, T.A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mathematics, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee 32307 USA; 2: School of Computational Science and Information Technology, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306-4120 USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681-2199 USA; Issue Info: Dec2003, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p219; Thesaurus Term: MONTE Carlo method; Thesaurus Term: OPTIMAL control theory; Thesaurus Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Thesaurus Term: VARIANCES; Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Burger's equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo method; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensitivity derivatives; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty quantification; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/A:1026079021836
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Chant, Lawrence J.
AU  - Seidel, Jonathan A.
AU  - Kline, Teresa R.
T1  - Extension of a combined analytical/numerical initial value problem solver for turbulent mixing with combustion
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 32
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1435
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Here, we describe the development of a reacting flow multi-species/combustion methodology, implemented as an extension to the differential reduced ejector analysis (DREA) computer program [Mathematical and computer modeling, vol. 31, 2000, p. 21; Appl. Math. Model. 25 (2001) 427; Comput. Math. Appl. 43(10–11); NASA Contractor Report, 1998]. Use of the single fluid IVP solver framework that was developed for the original DREA model has been directly coupled into the combustion formulation. With these modifications, the analysis has an elementary single step reaction <f>Fuel+Oxidizer→Product</f> combustion capability. Though approximate in nature, the simplicity and efficiency of the DREA formulation make it suitable for its original niche, namely design and preliminary design environments where more complex and expensive models may be inappropriate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - Aerodynamic mixing
KW  - Combined analytical/numerical method
KW  - Ejector nozzle
KW  - Elementary combustion model
KW  - Preliminary design
N1  - Accession Number: 9906140; De Chant, Lawrence J. 1; Email Address: ldechant@juno.com Seidel, Jonathan A. 2; Email Address: seidel@whirlwind.grc.nasa.gov Kline, Teresa R. 2; Email Address: teresa.r.klin@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Analytic Entrainment LLC, 1541 Summit Hills Dr., Albuquerque, NM 87112, USA  2: Propulsion Systems Analysis Office, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 32 Issue 10, p1435; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerodynamic mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combined analytical/numerical method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ejector nozzle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elementary combustion model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preliminary design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0045-7930(03)00003-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behrenfeld, Michael J.
AU  - Boss, Emmanuel
T1  - The beam attenuation to chlorophyll ratio: an optical index of phytoplankton physiology in the surface ocean?
JO  - Deep-Sea Research Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers
JF  - Deep-Sea Research Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 50
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1537
SN  - 09670637
AB  - The particulate beam attenuation coefficient (<f>cp</f>) is proportional to the concentration of suspended particles in a size domain overlapping that of the phytoplankton assemblage. <f>cp</f> is largely insensitive to changes in intracellular chlorophyll concentration, which varies with growth irradiance (a process termed ‘photoacclimation’). Earlier studies have shown that the ratio of <f>cp</f>:chlorophyll (i.e., <f>cp*</f>) exhibits depth-dependent changes that are consistent with photoacclimation. Similar relationships may likewise be expected in the horizontal and temporal dimensions, reflecting changes in mixing depth, incident irradiance, and light attenuation. A link between <f>cp*</f> and more robust photoadaptive variables has never been explicitly tested in the field. Here we use five historical field data sets to directly compare spatial and temporal variability in <f>cp*</f> with two independent indices of photoacclimation: the light-saturated, chlorophyll-normalized photosynthetic rate, <f>Pbopt</f>, and the light-saturation index, <f>Ek</f>. For the variety of oceanographic conditions considered, a first-order correlation emerged between <f>cp*</f> and <f>Pbopt</f> or <f>Ek</f>. These simple empirical results suggest that a relationship exists between a bio-optical variable that can potentially be retrieved remotely (<f>cp*</f>) and physiological variables crucial for estimating primary productivity in the sea. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Deep-Sea Research Part I, Oceanographic Research Papers is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEAM dynamics
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - PHYTOPLANKTON
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - Beam Attenuation
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Phytoplankton
N1  - Accession Number: 11468866; Behrenfeld, Michael J. 1; Email Address: mjb@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov Boss, Emmanuel 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 971, Building 22, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: School of Marine Sciences, 209 Libby Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469-5741, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 50 Issue 12, p1537; Subject Term: BEAM dynamics; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: PHYTOPLANKTON; Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beam Attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phytoplankton; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.dsr.2003.09.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Freeman, Frederick G.
AU  - Scerbo, Mark W.
AU  - Mikulka, Peter J.
AU  - Pope, Alan T.
AU  - Prinzel, Lawrence J 3rd
T1  - Effects of a psychophysiological system for adaptive automation on performance, workload, and the event-related potential P300 component.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2003///Winter2003
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - journal article
SP  - 601
EP  - 613
SN  - 00187208
AB  - The present study examined the effects of an electroencephalographic- (EEG-) based system for adaptive automation on tracking performance and workload. In addition, event-related potentials (ERPs) to a secondary task were derived to determine whether they would provide an additional degree of workload specificity. Participants were run in an adaptive automation condition, in which the system switched between manual and automatic task modes based on the value of each individual's own EEG engagement index; a yoked control condition; or another control group, in which task mode switches followed a random pattern. Adaptive automation improved performance and resulted in lower levels of workload. Further, the P300 component of the ERP paralleled the sensitivity to task demands of the performance and subjective measures across conditions. These results indicate that it is possible to improve performance with a psychophysiological adaptive automation system and that ERPs may provide an alternative means for distinguishing among levels of cognitive task demand in such systems. Actual or potential applications of this research include improved methods for assessing operator workload and performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY
KW  - WORK
KW  - ERGONOMICS
KW  - PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology)
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - EMPLOYEES -- Workload
KW  - TASK performance
N1  - Accession Number: 12667340; Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 1; Email Address: l.j.prinzel@larc.nasa.gov Freeman, Frederick G. 2 Scerbo, Mark W. 2 Mikulka, Peter J. 2 Pope, Alan T. 1 Prinzel, Lawrence J 3rd 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center  2: Old Dominion University  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Winter2003, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p601; Subject Term: ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY; Subject Term: WORK; Subject Term: ERGONOMICS; Subject Term: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject Term: EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology); Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: EMPLOYEES -- Workload; Subject Term: TASK performance; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Davis, Sanford S.
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
T1  - Blowing in the wind. II. Creation and redistribution of refractory inclusions in a turbulent protoplanetary nebula
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 166
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Ca–Al rich refractory mineral inclusions (CAIs) found at 1–6% mass fraction in primitive chondrites appear to be 1–3 million years older than the dominant (chondrule) components which were accreted into the same parent bodies. A prevalent concern is that it is difficult to retain CAIs for this long against gas-drag-induced radial drift into the Sun. We reassess the situation in terms of a hot inner (turbulent) nebula context for CAI formation, using analytical models of nebula evolution and particle diffusion. We show that outward radial diffusion in a weakly turbulent nebula can overcome inward drift, and prevent significant numbers of CAI-size particles from being lost into the Sun for times on the order of <f>106</f> years. CAIs can form early, when the inner nebula was hot, and persist in sufficient abundance to be incorporated into primitive planetesimals at a much later time. Small (<f>&lsim;0.1</f> mm diameter) CAIs persist for longer times than large (<f>&gsim;5</f> mm diameter) ones. To obtain a quantitative match to the observed volume fractions of CAIs in chondrites, another process must be allowed for: a substantial enhancement of the inner hot nebula in silicate-forming material, which we suggest was caused by rapid inward drift of meter-sized objects. This early in nebula history, the drifting rubble would have a carbon content probably an order of magnitude larger than even the most primitive (CI) carbonaceous chondrites. Abundant carbon in the evaporating material would help keep the nebula oxygen fugacity low, plausibly solar, as inferred for the formation environment of CAIs. The associated production of a larger than canonical amount of CO2 might also play a role in mass-independent fractionation of oxygen isotopes, leaving the gas rich in 16O as inferred from CAIs and other high temperature condensates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFRACTORY materials
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Solar nebula
KW  - Solar System (Origin)
N1  - Accession Number: 11519062; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.; Email Address: cuzzi@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov Davis, Sanford S. 1 Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-3, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 166 Issue 2, p385; Subject Term: REFRACTORY materials; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar System (Origin); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bahoura, Messaoud
AU  - Clairon, André
T1  - Diode Laser Phase Noise Influence on the Ultimate Performance of Its Frequency Stabilization to a  Mach--Zehnder Interferometer Fringe.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1846
EP  - 1853
SN  - 00189456
AB  - We report a detailed investigation on the effect of semiconductor laser phase noise on the achievable frequency stability when locked to a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer fringe. We show that the modulation-demodulation operation produces in the presence of laser phase noise two kinds of excess noise, which could be much above the shot noise limit, namely: conversion noise (PM-to-AM) and intermodulation noise. We show that in typical stabilization conditions, the frequency stability of the locked laser is limited by the intermodulation excess noise. This effect, reported initially in the microwave domain, can be considerably reduced by a convenient choice of the modulation frequency. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a phenomenon is reported in the optical domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR lasers
KW  - ELECTRIC noise
KW  - LASER interferometers
KW  - MODULATION (Electronics)
KW  - MODULATION theory
KW  - Conversion noise
KW  - intermodulation noise
KW  - laser frequency stabilization
KW  - Mach-Zehnder interferometer
KW  - semiconductor laser.
N1  - Accession Number: 11776056; Bahoura, Messaoud 1; Email Address: m.bahoura@larc.nasa.gov Clairon, André 2; Affiliation:  1: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Aeronautics (NASA), Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA  2: Laboratoire Primaire du Temps et  des Fréquences, Observatoire de Paris, Paris,  France; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1846; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR lasers; Subject Term: ELECTRIC noise; Subject Term: LASER interferometers; Subject Term: MODULATION (Electronics); Subject Term: MODULATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conversion noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: intermodulation noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: laser frequency stabilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mach-Zehnder interferometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: semiconductor laser.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2003.820493
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pickel, James C.
AU  - Reed, Robert A.
AU  - Marshall, Paul W.
AU  - Jordan, Tom M.
AU  - Gee, George
AU  - Fodness, Bryan
AU  - McKelvey, Mark
AU  - McMurray, Robert E.
AU  - Ennico, Kim A.
AU  - Johnson, Roy R.
AU  - McCreight, Craig
T1  - Proton-Induced Secondary Particle Environment for Infrared Sensor Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2003/12//Dec2003 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1954
EP  - 1959
SN  - 00189499
AB  - We present measurements of the proton-induced secondary particle environment in the vicinity of an infrared focal plane array. Measurements were made of the energy depositions from secondary electrons and scattered protons from the Interior Of a cryogenic test dewar using an infrared detector array. The re suits are compared with model predictions and analyzed for implications to space-based infrared sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED detectors
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - LINEAR energy transfer
KW  - Delta electrons
KW  - infrared detectors
KW  - proton testing
KW  - secondary electrons
KW  - secondary particles.
N1  - Accession Number: 12517434; Pickel, James C. 1; Email Address: jim@pickel.net Reed, Robert A. 2 Marshall, Paul W. 3 Jordan, Tom M. 4 Gee, George 5 Fodness, Bryan 5 McKelvey, Mark 6 McMurray, Robert E. 6 Ennico, Kim A. 6 Johnson, Roy R. 6 McCreight, Craig 6; Affiliation:  1: PR&T, Inc., Fallbrook, CA 92028 USA.  2: NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  3: Consultant with NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  4: EMP Consultants, Gaithersburg, MD 20885 USA.  5: SGT, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Source Info: Dec2003 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1954; Subject Term: INFRARED detectors; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: LINEAR energy transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delta electrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: proton testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: secondary electrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: secondary particles.; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2003.821603
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gersey, B.
AU  - Wilkins, R.
AU  - Huff, H.
AU  - Dwivedi, R. C.
AU  - Takala, B.
AU  - J. O'Donnell, B.
AU  - Wender, S. A.
AU  - Singleterry Jr, Robert C.
T1  - Correlation of Neutron Dosimetry Using a Silicon Equivalent Proportional Counter Microdosimeter and SRAM SEU Cross Sections for Eight Neutron Energy Spectra.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2003/12//Dec2003 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2363
EP  - 2366
SN  - 00189499
AB  - A silicon equivalent proportional counter micro-dosimeter (SEPCM) and 4 Mb SRAM were exposed to eight progressively hardened neutron energy spectra at the LANSCE ICE House facility. As the incident neutron energy spectra were hardened, the lineal energy spectra response from the SEPCM changed both in shape and in the number of lineal energy deposition events per incident neutron. The general trend of the 4 Mb SRAM single event upset (SEU) cross section was an increase for harder incident neutron energy spectra. Resulting dosimetric results were correlated to SEU cross sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUTRON irradiation
KW  - SILICON
KW  - DOSIMETERS
KW  - LINEAR energy transfer
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - Neutron dosimetry
KW  - neutron radiation
KW  - silicon microdosimetry
KW  - single-event upsets (SEUs).
N1  - Accession Number: 12517493; Gersey, B. 1; Email Address: 7buddyhme@hotmail.com Wilkins, R. 1; Email Address: r_wilkins@pvamu.edu Huff, H. 1; Email Address: h_huff@pvamu.edu Dwivedi, R. C. 1; Email Address: r_dwivedi@pvamu.edu Takala, B. 2; Email Address: takala@lanl.gov J. O'Donnell, B. 2; Email Address: odonnell@lanl.gov Wender, S. A. 2; Email Address: wender@lanl.gov Singleterry Jr, Robert C. 3; Email Address: r.c.singleterry@larc.nasa; Affiliation:  1: NASA Center for Applied Radiation Research, Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446 USA.  2: LANSCE-3, MS H855, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Structures and Materials, Analytical and Computational Methods Branch, Radiation Physics Group, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Dec2003 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p2363; Subject Term: NEUTRON irradiation; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: DOSIMETERS; Subject Term: LINEAR energy transfer; Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron dosimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: neutron radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: silicon microdosimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-event upsets (SEUs).; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2003.821604
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banger, Kulbinder K.
AU  - Jin, Michael H.-C.
AU  - Harris, Jerry D.
AU  - Fanwick, Philip E.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - A New Facile Route for the Preparation of Single-Source Precursors for Bulk, Thin-Film, and Nanocrystalline I-III-VI Semiconductors.
JO  - Inorganic Chemistry
JF  - Inorganic Chemistry
Y1  - 2003/12//12/1/2003
VL  - 42
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 7713
EP  - 7715
SN  - 00201669
AB  - Describes a simplified synthetic procedure for commercial manufacture of ternary single-source precursors for bulk, thin-film and nanocrystalline semiconductors.  Spray assisted chemical vapor deposition process; Band gap determination; Rapid thermal annealing.
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - RAPID thermal processing
N1  - Accession Number: 11660185; Banger, Kulbinder K. 1,2,3; Email Address: KulbinderBanger@oai.org Jin, Michael H.-C. 1,2,3 Harris, Jerry D. 2,3 Fanwick, Philip E. 4 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2,3; Email Address: Aloysius.F.Hepp@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute  2: Center for Thin-Film & Nanotechnologies, Industrial Technology Institute, Ohio  3: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Ohio  4: X-ray Facility, Purdue University, Indiana; Source Info: 12/1/2003, Vol. 42 Issue 24, p7713; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: RAPID thermal processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, K.
AU  - Li, B.Q.
AU  - de Groh, H.C.
T1  - Effect of magnetic field on <f>g</f>-jitter induced convection and solute striation during solidification in space
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 46
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 4799
SN  - 00179310
AB  - A 2-D finite element model is presented for the melt growth of single crystals in a microgravity environment with a superimposed DC magnetic field. The model is developed using deforming finite element methodology and predicts steady and transient convective flows, heat transfer, solute distribution, and solidification interface morphology associated with the melt growth of single crystals in microgravity with and without an applied magnetic field. Numerical simulations were carried out for a wide range of parameters including idealized microgravity condition, synthesized <f>g</f>-jitter and real <f>g</f>-jitter data taken by on-board accelerometers during space flights. The results reveal that the time varying <f>g</f>-jitter disturbances, although small in magnitude, cause an appreciable convective flow in the liquid pool, which in turn produces detrimental effects during the space processing of single crystal growth. An applied magnetic field of appropriate strength, superimposed on the microgravity, can be very effective in suppressing the deleterious effects resulting from <f>g</f>-jitter disturbances. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - EFFECT of reduced gravity on crystal growth
KW  - SOLIDIFICATION
KW  - SPACE flight
N1  - Accession Number: 10693774; Li, K. 1 Li, B.Q. 1; Email Address: li@mme.wsu.edu de Groh, H.C. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 46 Issue 25, p4799; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: EFFECT of reduced gravity on crystal growth; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: SPACE flight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00336-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kondo, Yutaka
AU  - Takegawa, Nobuyuki
AU  - Miyazaki, Yuzo
AU  - Ko, Malcolm
AU  - Koike, Makoto
AU  - Kita, Kazuyuki
AU  - Kawakami, Shuji
AU  - Shirai, Tomoko
AU  - Ogawa, Toshihiro
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Liley, Ben
AU  - Russell-Smith, Jeremy
T1  - Effects of biomass burning and lightning on atmospheric chemistry over Australia and South-east Asia.
JO  - International Journal of Wildland Fire
JF  - International Journal of Wildland Fire
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 281
SN  - 10498001
AB  - In situ aircraft measurements of trace gases and aerosols were made in the boundary layer (BL) and free troposphere (FT) over Indonesia and Australia during the Biomass Burning and Lightning Experiment (BIBLE)-A and B conducted in AugustOctober 1998 and 1999.Concentrations of ozone (O3) and its precursors [CO, reactive nitrogen (NOx), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs)] were measured in these campaigns to identify the sources of NOx and to estimate the effects of biomass burning and lightning on photochemical production of O3. Over Indonesia, in-situ production of NOx by lightning was found to be a major source of reactive nitrogen in the upper troposphere during BIBLE-A. In some circumstances, increases in reactive nitrogen were often associated with enhancements in CO and NMHCs, suggesting that the sources were biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion, followed by upward transport by cumulus convection. Over Australia the levels of O3, CO, reactive nitrogen, and NMHCs were elevated throughout the troposphere compared to those observed in the tropical Pacific. However, the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced concentrations in the BL and FT are distinctly different. The emissions from biomass burning that occurred in northern Australia were restricted to the BL because of strong subsidence in the period. In the FT over Australia, elevated concentrations of O3 and its precursors result from injections of emissions as the air masses travel over Africa, South America, the Indian Ocean, and Indonesia en route to Australia. In all cases, O3 levels in the biomass burning plumes were enhanced due to photochemical production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Wildland Fire is the property of CSIRO Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Fossil fuels
KW  - Australia
KW  - Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 23904453; Kondo, Yutaka 1; Takegawa, Nobuyuki 1; Miyazaki, Yuzo 1; Ko, Malcolm 1; Koike, Makoto 1; Kita, Kazuyuki 1; Kawakami, Shuji 2; Shirai, Tomoko 1; Ogawa, Toshihiro 1; Blake, Donald R. 1; Liley, Ben 1; Russell-Smith, Jeremy 1; Affiliations: 1: email: kondo@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; takegawa@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; yuzom@atmos.rcast.u-tokyo.ac.jp; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401B, 21 Langley Blvd, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA. Telephone: +1 757 864 8892; fax: +1 757 864 6326; email: malcolm.k.ko@nasa.gov; Issue Info: 2003, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p271; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Fossil fuels; Subject: Australia; Subject: Asia; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Loukachine, Konstantin
AU  - Manalo-Smith, Natividad
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Young, David F.
T1  - Angular Distribution Models for Top-of-Atmosphere Radiative Flux Estimation from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System Instrument on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Satellite. Part II: Validation.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1748
EP  - 1769
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - Top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) are estimated from empirical angular distribution models (ADMs) that convert instantaneous radiance measurements to TOA fluxes. This paper evaluates the accuracy of CERES TOA fluxes obtained from a new set of ADMs developed for the CERES instrument onboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The uncertainty in regional monthly mean reflected shortwave (SW) and emitted longwave (LW) TOA fluxes is less than 0.5 W m[sup -2] , based on comparisons with TOA fluxes evaluated by direct integration of the measured radiances. When stratified by viewing geometry, TOA fluxes from different angles are consistent to within 2% in the SW and 0.7% (or 2 W m[sup -2] ) in the LW. In contrast, TOA fluxes based on ADMs from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) applied to the same CERES radiance measurements show a 10% relative increase with viewing zenith angle in the SW and a 3.5% (9 W m[sup -2] ) decrease with viewing zenith angle in the LW. Based on multiangle CERES radiance measurements, 1° regional instantaneous TOA flux errors from the new CERES ADMs are estimated to be <10 W m[sup -2] in the SW and <3.5 W m[sup -2] in the LW. The errors show little or no dependence on cloud phase, cloud optical depth, and cloud infrared emissivity. An analysis of cloud radiative forcing (CRF) sensitivity to differences between ERBE and CERES TRMM ADMs, scene identification, and directional models of albedo as a function of solar zenith angle shows that ADM and clear-sky scene identification differences can lead to an 8 W m[sup -2] root-mean-square (rms) difference in 1° daily mean SW CRF and a 4 W m[sup -2] rms difference in LW CRF. In contrast, monthly mean SW and LW CRF differences reach 3 W m[sup -2] . CRF is found to be relatively insensitive to differences between the ERBE and CERES TRMM directional models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics)
KW  - RAINFALL anomalies
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 11594976; Loeb, Norman G. 1; Email Address: n.g.loeb@larc.nasa.gov Loukachine, Konstantin 2 Manalo-Smith, Natividad 3 Wielicki, Bruce A. 4 Young, David F. 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia.  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia.  3: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p1748; Subject Term: ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: RAINFALL anomalies; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nalli, Nicholas R.
AU  - Smith, William L.
T1  - Retrieval of Ocean and Lake Surface Temperatures from Hyperspectral Radiance Observations.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 20
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1810
EP  - 1825
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - This paper advances hyperspectral infrared (IR) radiative transfer techniques for retrieving water (ocean and lake) surface skin temperature from clear-sky radiance observations obtained within the longwave atmospheric window region (800–1000 cm[sup -1] ). High spectral resolution has optimal potential for multispectral algorithms because of the capability to resolve, and thus avoid, gas absorption lines that otherwise obscure the surface signal in conventional narrowband radiometers. A hyperspectral radiative transfer model (RTM) is developed for varying satellite zenith angles, atmospheric profiles (cloud and aerosol free), surface wind speeds and skin temperatures, with atmospheric column transmittance spectra computed from fast models. Wind speed variations in surface emissivity and quasi-specular reflection are both rigorously accounted for. The RTM is then used for deriving retrieval algorithms based upon statistical and physical methodologies. The statistical method is based upon linear regression analyses of brightness temperatures, whereas the physical method is based upon solution of a linear perturbation form of the IR radiative transfer equation valid for window channels. The physical method is unique in its simplicity: It does not solve for atmospheric profiles, but rather relies upon local linearities about guess transmittances for extrapolating the skin temperature. Both algorithms are tested against independent forward calculations and then used to retrieve water surface skin temperatures from the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) flown on board the NASA ER-2. The results demonstrate the capability of hyperspectral radiative transfer for providing an optimal correction for atmospheric gas absorption (viz., water vapor) from the new suite of environmental satellite IR spectrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - ATMOSPHERICS
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - LAKES
N1  - Accession Number: 11743862; Nalli, Nicholas R. 1; Email Address: Nick.Nalli@noaa.gov Smith, William L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 20 Issue 12, p1810; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERICS; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: LAKES; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, Gennady L.
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
AU  - Hua-Jin Zhai
AU  - Lai-Sheng Wang
T1  - Structural and electronic properties of iron monoxide clusters Fe[sub n]O and Fe[sub n]O[sup -] (n=2–6): A combined photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory study.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2003/12//12/1/2003
VL  - 119
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 11135
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We report a combined anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) study on a series of iron monoxide clusters, Fe[sub n]O (n=2–6). Well-resolved photoelectron spectra were obtained for Fe[sub n]O[sup -] at variable detachment energies, allowing the ground state and numerous low-lying excited states of Fe[sub n]O to be observed. Sharp threshold photoelectron features were obtained for each species, which suggest rather small geometry changes between the anion and neutral ground states for the monoxide clusters and allows the electron affinities of the neutral clusters to be measured accurately. Extensive DFT calculations using the generalized gradient approximation were carried out for both Fe[sub n]O and Fe[sub n]O[sup -]. Optimized geometries of the ground and lowest excited states of both the anion and neutral species are reported along with the ground-state vibrational frequencies and fragmentation energies. Theoretical electron affinities were compared with the experimental measurements to verify the ground states of the iron monoxide clusters obtained from the DFT calculations. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy
KW  - ANIONS
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - IRON
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MICROCLUSTERS
N1  - Accession Number: 11350828; Gutsev, Gennady L. 1; Email Address: ggutsev@mail.arc.nasa.gov Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 1 Hua-Jin Zhai 2 Lai-Sheng Wang 2; Email Address: Is.wang@pnl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Department of Physics, Washington State University, Richland, Washington 99352 and W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352; Source Info: 12/1/2003, Vol. 119 Issue 21, p11135; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy; Subject Term: ANIONS; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MICROCLUSTERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1621856
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bihay, Z.
AU  - Chaban, G.M.
AU  - Gerber, R.B.
T1  - Delayed formation dynamics of HArF and HKrF in rare-gas matrices.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2003/12//12/1/2003
VL  - 119
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 11278
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - HArF and HKrF are chemically bound rare-gas compounds that have been produced by photolysis of HF and subsequent thermal annealing in the respective rare-gas matrices. In this paper we present a computational study of the delayed, thermally induced formation of these molecules in the matrix. Using realistic potentials for the molecular and guest–host interactions, the potential energy along the minimum energy paths for formation is evaluated, and thermal transition rates are computed using a Monte Carlo transition state method. A closely packed, dissociated configuration of the molecular fragments is found to play an important role, both as the possible trapping site of the photolyzed fragments, and as an intermediate structure for diffusion-controlled formation. The computed threshold temperatures of formation for the HArF and HKrF molecules at different matrix sites are in good agreement with experimental findings and with previous site assignments for these molecules. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics)
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - FORCE & energy
N1  - Accession Number: 11350813; Bihay, Z. 1 Chaban, G.M. 2 Gerber, R.B. 1,3; Email Address: benny@fh.huji.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffet Field, California 94035-1000  3: Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel; Source Info: 12/1/2003, Vol. 119 Issue 21, p11278; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics); Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1621851
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - Proctor, Robert W.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
T1  - Still No Evidence for Perfect Timesharing With Two Ideomotor-Compatible Tasks: A Reply to Greenwald (2003).
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1267
EP  - 1272
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Discusses A. G. Greenwald and H. G. Shulman's psychological refractory period (PRP) study as evidence for perfect timesharing with ideomotor (IM) compatible tasks.  Failure of Lien et al. to replicate the results with a conclusion that IM compatibility is neither necessary nor sufficient in eliminating PRP effect; Attribution of Lien et al.'s nonreplication to the use of non-IM compatible task, varied trial spacing, and/or inappropriate instructions; Arguments of first 2 factors being non critical and instructions merely affecting criterion for speed versus accuracy; Evidence of dual costs on response time or error rates.
KW  - CRITERION (Theory of knowledge)
KW  - EDUCATION
KW  - EVIDENCE
KW  - TIME-sharing computer systems
N1  - Accession Number: 12069339; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: mclien@mail.arc.nasa.gov Proctor, Robert W. 2 Ruthruff, Eric 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 29 Issue 6, p1267; Subject Term: CRITERION (Theory of knowledge); Subject Term: EDUCATION; Subject Term: EVIDENCE; Subject Term: TIME-sharing computer systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2003-09958-012
AN  - 2003-09958-012
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - Proctor, Robert W.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
T1  - Still No Evidence for Perfect Timesharing With Two Ideomotor-Compatible Tasks: A Reply to Greenwald (2003).
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 29
IS  - 6
SP  - 1267
EP  - 1272
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0096-1523
SN  - 1939-1277
AD  - Lien, Mei-Ching, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA, US, 94035
N1  - Accession Number: 2003-09958-012. PMID: 14640843 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Lien, Mei-Ching; National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, US. Release Date: 20060710. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Comment/Reply. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Cognitive Processes; Interference (Learning); Response Parameters; Sensory Feedback; Stimulus Parameters. Minor Descriptor: Responses; Task Complexity. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340). References Available: Y. Page Count: 6. Issue Publication Date: Dec, 2003. Publication History: Accepted Date: Jun 15, 2003; Revised Date: Jun 11, 2003; First Submitted Date: Apr 16, 2003. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2003. 
AB  - For 30 years, A. G. Greenwald and H. G. Shulman's (1973) psychological refractory period (PRP) study has been cited as evidence for perfect timesharing with ideomotor (IM)-compatible tasks. Recently, M.-C. Lien, R. W. Proctor, and P. A. Allen (2002) failed to replicate these results and concluded that IM compatibility is neither necessary nor sufficient to eliminate the PRP effect. A. G. Greenwald (2003) attributed Lien et al.'s nonreplication to the use of (a) a non-IM-compatible task, (b) varied trial spacing, and/or (c) inappropriate instructions. The authors of the present article argue that the first 2 factors are not critical and that instructions merely affect the criterion for speed versus accuracy. In each of Greenwald's experiments, dual-task costs were evident on response time or error rates. Furthermore, the small dual-task costs in his study are consistent with a bottleneck model. Thus, Greenwald (2003) does not provide evidence that IM-compatible tasks enable perfect timesharing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - timesharing
KW  - ideomotor compatibility
KW  - mutual interference
KW  - responses
KW  - simultaneous two-choice tasks
KW  - stimulus-response relationship
KW  - 2003
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - Interference (Learning)
KW  - Response Parameters
KW  - Sensory Feedback
KW  - Stimulus Parameters
KW  - Responses
KW  - Task Complexity
DO  - 10.1037/0096-1523.29.6.1267
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UR  - mclien@mail.arc.nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schultz, Marc R.
AU  - Hyer, Michael W.
T1  - Snap-through of Unsymmetric Cross-ply Laminates using Piezoceramic Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 14
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 795
EP  - 817
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - The paper discusses the concept of using a piezoceramic actuator bonded to one side of a two-layer unsymmetric cross ply [0/90][SUBT] laminate to provide the moments necessary to snap the laminate from one stable equilibrium shape to another. The results presented are considered an alternative to existing morphing concepts wherein actuators are used to elastically warp structures into a shape other than their natural and unique equilibrium shape. These existing concepts require the continuous application of power to maintain the warped shape. With the concept discussed here, the actuators are used only to change from one equilibrium shape to another, so continuous power is not needed. The paper discusses several phases of modeling, including bonding the actuator to the laminate and applying voltage to the actuator to effect the shape change, and experimental work. Two models are developed, a simple model and a more refined one. Both are based on the Rayleigh-Ritz technique and the use of energy and variational methods. The experimental phase of the study is discussed, particularly the measurement of the voltage level needed to snap the laminate. The voltage measurements are compared with predictions and the agreement between measurements and the predictions of the refined model are reasonable, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Suggestions for future activities are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - MORPHING (Computer animation)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - VOLTAGE regulators
KW  - bistable composites
KW  - MFC[SUPTM] actuator
KW  - morphing
KW  - Rayleigh-Ritz technique
N1  - Accession Number: 12121053; Schultz, Marc R. 1; Email Address: m.r.schultz@larc.nasa.gov; Hyer, Michael W. 2; Affiliations: 1: Structural Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 230, Building 1293B, Room 235, 4B West Taylor Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA.; 2: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code 0219, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.; Issue Info: Dec2003, Vol. 14 Issue 12, p795; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: MORPHING (Computer animation); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: VOLTAGE regulators; Author-Supplied Keyword: bistable composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFC[SUPTM] actuator; Author-Supplied Keyword: morphing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rayleigh-Ritz technique; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/104538903039261
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brault, J.W.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Chackerian Jr., C.
AU  - Freedman, R.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Pine, A.S.
T1  - Self-broadened 12C16O line shapes in the <f>v=2←0</f> band
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 222
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Precise intensities, self-broadenings and shifts have been obtained for the 12C16O <f>v=2←0</f> band from simultaneous fits of low-noise, high-resolution Fourier-transform spectra at pressures from 27 to 80 kPa (200–600 Torr). Observed line shapes exhibit deviations on the order of 1% from the conventional Voigt profile, primarily due to speed-dependent broadening and secondarily to line mixing. Dicke narrowing is reduced by over an order-of-magnitude from the diffusion value, presumably because of correlations between velocity- and phase-changing collisions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - CO
KW  - Dicke narrowing
KW  - Line intensities
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Self broadening and shifts
KW  - Speed dependence
N1  - Accession Number: 11469821; Brault, J.W. 1 Brown, L.R. 2 Chackerian Jr., C. 3 Freedman, R. 3 Predoi-Cross, A. 4 Pine, A.S. 5; Email Address: alanpine@erols.com; Affiliation:  1: Kitt Peak National Solar Observatory (Emeritus), 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85726, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center and SETI Institute, MS 245, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1N 6N5  5: Alpine Technologies, 14401 Poplar Hill Road, Germantown, MD 20874, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 222 Issue 2, p220; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dicke narrowing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self broadening and shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed dependence; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2003.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mingo
AU  - N.
AU  - Yang
AU  - L.
AU  - Li
AU  - D.
AU  - Majumdar
AU  - A.
T1  - Predicting the Thermal Conductivity of Si and Ge Nanowires.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 3
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1713
EP  - 1716
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We theoretically predict the thermal conductivity versus temperature dependence of Si and Ge nanowires. Three methods are compared:  the traditional Callaway and Holland approaches, and our real dispersions approach. Calculations with the former two show large disagreements with experimental data. On the contrary, the real dispersions approach yields good agreement with experiments for Si nanowires between 37 and 115 nm wide, approximately. In all cases, only bulk data are used as inputs for the calculation. Predictions for Ge nanowires of varying diameters are given, enabling future experimental verification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - SILICON
KW  - GERMANIUM crystals
KW  - NANOWIRES
N1  - Accession Number: 11693563; Mingo N. 1 Yang L. 1 Li D. 1 Majumdar A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Eloret Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 3 Issue 12, p1713; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: GERMANIUM crystals; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spilker, L.
AU  - Ferrari, C.
AU  - Cuzzi, J.N.
AU  - Showalter, M.
AU  - Pearl, J.
AU  - Wallis, B.
T1  - Saturn's rings in the thermal infrared
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 51
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 929
SN  - 00320633
AB  - This paper reviews our current knowledge of Saturn''s rings’ physical properties as derived from thermal infrared observations. Ring particle composition, surface structure and spin as well as the vertical structure of the main rings can be determined. These properties are the key to understand the origin and evolution of Saturn''s rings. Ring composition is mainly constrained by observations in the near-infrared but the signature of some probable contaminants present in water ice may also be found at mid-infrared wavelengths. The absence of the silicate signature limits nowadays their mass fraction to <f>10−7±1</f>. Recent measurements on the thermal inertia of the ring particle surface show it is very low, of the order of <f>5±2 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2</f>. New models and observations of the complete crossing of the planetary shadow are needed to attribute this low value either to compact regoliths covered by cracks due to collisions and thermal stresses or to large fluffy and irregular surfaces. Studies of the energy balance of ring particles show a preference for slowly spinning particles in the main rings. Supplementary observations at different phase angles, showing the temperature contrast between night and day sides of particles, and new models including finite spin and thermal inertia, are needed to constrain the actual spin distribution of ring particles. These results can then be compared to numerical simulations of ring dynamics. Many thermal models have been proposed to reproduce observations of the main rings, including alternative mono- or many-particles-thick layers or vertical heterogeneity, with no definitive answer. Observations on the lit and dark faces of rings as a function of longitude, at many incidence and emission angles, would provide prime information on the vertical thermal gradient due to interparticle shadowing from which constraints on the local vertical structure and dynamics can be produced. Future missions such as Cassini will provide new information to further constrain the ring thermal models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - PLANETARY rings
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Rings
KW  - Saturn's rings
KW  - Thermal
N1  - Accession Number: 11464791; Spilker, L. 1; Email Address: linda.j.spilker@jpl.nasa.gov Ferrari, C. 2 Cuzzi, J.N. 3 Showalter, M. 3 Pearl, J. 4 Wallis, B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive M/s 230-205, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: University Paris 7 and SAp/DAPNIA/DSM/CEA Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France  3: 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 51 Issue 14/15, p929; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: PLANETARY rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn's rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2003.05.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Lorenz, R.D.
T1  - A model of Titan's haze of fractal aerosols constrained by multiple observations
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2003/12//
VL  - 51
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 963
SN  - 00320633
AB  - We use Titan''s geometric albedo to constrain the vertical distribution of the haze. Microphysical models incorporating fractal aggregates do not readily fit the methane features at <f>0.62 μm</f> band and the dark <f>0.88 μm</f> of the albedo spectrum simultaneously. We take advantage of this apparent discrepancy to constrain the haze vertical profile.We used the geometric albedo and several results and constraints from other works to better constrain the vertical haze extinction profile, especially in the low stratosphere. The objective of this model is to give a solution that simultaneously fits the main constraints known to apply to the haze.We find that the haze extinction increases with decreasing altitude with a scale height about equal to the atmospheric scale height down to <f>100 km</f>. Below this altitude, extinction must decrease down to <f>30 km</f>. This is necessary in order to have enough haze to sustain a relatively high albedo (0.076) in the dark <f>0.88 μm</f> methane band and to show the <f>0.62 μm</f> band in the haze continuum. We set the haze production rate around <f>7×10−14 kg m−2 s−1</f>, and the aerosols production altitude around <f>400 km</f> (or at pressure <f>1.5 Pa</f>).The physical processes which generate such a profile are not clear. However, purely one-dimensional effects such as condensation, sedimentation, and rainout can be ruled out, and we believe that this relative clearing in Titan''s troposphere and lower stratosphere is due to particle horizontal transport by the mean circulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - Atmosphere structure
KW  - Haze
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 11464795; Rannou, P. 1; Email Address: pra@ccr.jussieu.fr McKay, C.P. 2 Lorenz, R.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Service d'Aéronomie, B102, Université de Paris 6, 4, Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 51 Issue 14/15, p963; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2003.05.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bennett, Dawn J.
AU  - Khusid, Boris
AU  - James, Conrad D.
AU  - Galambos, Paul C.
AU  - Okandan, Murat
AU  - Jacqmin, David
AU  - Acrivos, Andreas
T1  - Combined field-induced dielectrophoresis and phase separation for manipulating particles in microfluidics.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2003/12/08/
VL  - 83
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 4866
EP  - 4868
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Experiments were conducted in microfluidics equipped with dielectrophoretic gates arranged perpendicular to the flow. Under the action of a high-gradient ac field and shear, flowing suspensions were found to undergo a phase separation and to form a distinct front between the regions enriched with and depleted of particles. We demonstrate that this many-body phenomenon, which originates from interparticle electrical interactions, provides a method for concentrating particles in focused regions and for separating biological and nonbiological materials. The evolution of the particle patterns formation is well described by a proposed electrohydrodynamic model. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTROPHORESIS
KW  - ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 11567884; Bennett, Dawn J. 1,2; Email Address: djbenne@sandia.gov Khusid, Boris 1; Email Address: khusid@adm.njit.edu James, Conrad D. 2; Email Address: cdjame@sandia.gov Galambos, Paul C. 2; Email Address: pcgalam@sandia.gov Okandan, Murat 2; Email Address: mokanda@sandia.gov Jacqmin, David 3; Email Address: fsdavid@tess.lerc.nasa.gov Acrivos, Andreas 4; Email Address: acrivos@scisun.sci.ccny.cuny.edu; Affiliation:  1: New Jersey Institute of Technology, Univeristy Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102  2: Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: The City College of New York, 140th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031; Source Info: 12/8/2003, Vol. 83 Issue 23, p4866; Subject Term: DIELECTROPHORESIS; Subject Term: ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1629789
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou
AU  - B.
AU  - Lin
AU  - Y.
AU  - Li
AU  - H.
AU  - Huang
AU  - W.
AU  - Connell
AU  - J. W.
AU  - Allard
AU  - L. F.
AU  - Sun
AU  - Y.-P.
T1  - Absorptivity of Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Solution.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2003/12/08/
VL  - 107
IS  - 49
M3  - Article
SP  - 13588
EP  - 13592
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) were solubilized by attaching functional groups to the nanotube-bound carboxylic acids in the esterification and various amidation reactions. The solubility made it possible to not only characterize the functionalized SWNT samples in solution but also quantitatively measure the UV/vis/NIR absorption spectra of the samples. The nanotube contents in the soluble samples were determined in terms of NMR signal integrations in reference to internal standards and through thermal gravimetric analyses. The absorptivity results thus obtained are similar for SWNTs in the different functionalized samples. For the near-infrared absorption band corresponding to the first pair of van Hove singularities in the electronic density of states for semiconducting SWNTs, the peak absorptivity is 0.5-2.2 (mg/mL)-1 cm-1. The absorption properties of SWNTs are apparently insensitive to changes in the sample environment, such as the functionalization with significantly different groups. The effects of scattering on the accurate determination of absorptivity are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - ESTERIFICATION
KW  - CARBOXYLIC acids
N1  - Accession Number: 11656073; Zhou B. 1 Lin Y. 1 Li H. 1 Huang W. 1 Connell J. W. 1 Allard L. F. 1 Sun Y.-P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-0973, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, and High-Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6062; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 107 Issue 49, p13588; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ESTERIFICATION; Subject Term: CARBOXYLIC acids; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sockol, Peter M.
T1  - Multigrid solution of the Navier–Stokes equations at low speeds with large temperature variations
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2003/12/10/
VL  - 192
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 570
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Multigrid methods for the Navier–Stokes equations at low speeds and large temperature variations are investigated. The compressible equations with time-derivative preconditioning and preconditioned flux-difference splitting of the inviscid terms are used. Three implicit smoothers have been incorporated into a common multigrid procedure. Both full coarsening and semi-coarsening with directional fine-grid defect correction have been studied. The resulting methods have been tested on four 2D laminar problems over a range of Reynolds numbers on both uniform and highly stretched grids. Two of the three methods show efficient and robust performance over the entire range of conditions. In addition, none of the methods has any difficulty with the large temperature variations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - Defect correction
KW  - Flux-difference splitting
KW  - Implicit smoothers
KW  - Multigrid
KW  - Navier–Stokes
KW  - Time-derivative preconditioning
N1  - Accession Number: 11253791; Sockol, Peter M. 1; Email Address: psockol@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Turbomachinery and Propulsion System, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 5-10, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 192 Issue 2, p570; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Defect correction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flux-difference splitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Implicit smoothers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multigrid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-derivative preconditioning; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.07.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holmes, Bruce
T1  - 21st Century Networking.
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
Y1  - 2003/12/15/
VL  - 159
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 75
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - The 20th century transition from analog to digital appears to be merely a prelude for the emergence of 21st century networking of aircraft, airspace services, airports and consumers of air transportation services. At the heart of this emergence, avionics technologies stand to play a core role in enabling transformation of the U.S. aviation system. The synergy between avionics, aircraft and airspace advancements creates the potential for safe, secure, scalable, environmentally compliant aviation systems of the future.
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - DIGITAL avionics
KW  - AIRLINE industry
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 11752675; Holmes, Bruce 1; Affiliation:  1: Associate director for Airspace & Vehicle Systems Integration at the NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Va.; Source Info: 12/15/2003, Vol. 159 Issue 24, p74; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: DIGITAL avionics; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1841
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Todorovski, Ljupčo
AU  - Džeroski, Sašo
AU  - Langley, Pat
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Using equation discovery to revise an Earth ecosystem model of the carbon net production
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2003/12/15/
VL  - 170
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 141
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Equation discovery approaches to automated modeling from observed data usually derive equation-based models from scratch rather than from an initial model already established in the domain of use. In this paper, we present an approach that uses new or recent observational data to improve an existing equation-based model. The approach is used to reduce the error of the Earth ecosystem model of the net production of carbon in the atmosphere. We revise the initial ecosystem model in two directions. First, we calibrate the values of the constant parameters in the model on new observational data. Second, we allow the use of alternative equation structures for some of the sub-models of the initial model and use our approach to choose among them. Experiments show that both revision of values of the constant parameters and revision of the structures of sub-models can considerably reduce the error of the initial model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODELS & modelmaking
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - CARBON
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - Carbon net production
KW  - Equation discovery
KW  - Machine learning
KW  - Model revision
N1  - Accession Number: 11536491; Todorovski, Ljupčo 1; Email Address: ljupco.todorovski@ijs.si Džeroski, Sašo 1 Langley, Pat 2 Potter, Christopher 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Intelligent Systems, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia  2: Institute for the Study of Learning and Expertise, 2164 Staunton Court, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA  3: Ecosystem Science Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 170 Issue 2/3, p141; Subject Term: MODELS & modelmaking; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon net production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equation discovery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Machine learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model revision; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0304-3800(03)00222-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Dunyou
T1  - Quantum dynamics scattering study of AB+CDE reactions: A seven-dimensional treatment for the H[sub 2]+C[sub 2]H reaction.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2003/12/15/
VL  - 119
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 12057
EP  - 12062
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A time-dependent wave packet approach is presented for the quantum dynamics study of the AB+CDE reaction system for zero total angular momentum. A seven-degree-of-freedom calculation is employed to study the chemical reaction of H[sub 2]+C[sub 2]H→H+C[sub 2]H[sub 2] by treating C[sub 2]H as a linear molecule. Initial state selected reaction probabilities are presented for various initial rovibrational states. This study shows that the vibrational excitation of H[sub 2] enhances the reaction probability, whereas the excitation of C[sub 2]H has only a small effect on the reactivity. An integral cross section is also reported for the initial ground states of H[sub 2] and C[sub 2]H. The theoretical and experimental results agree with each other very well when the calculated seven-dimensional results are adjusted to account for the lower transition state barrier heights found in recent ab initio calculations. © 2003 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 11567948; Wang, Dunyou 1; Affiliation:  1: Eloret, NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: 12/15/2003, Vol. 119 Issue 23, p12057; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1624831
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shenoy
AU  - D. K.
AU  - Thomsen
AU  - D. L.
AU  - Keller
AU  - P.
AU  - Ratna
AU  - B. R.
T1  - Nonideal Elasticity in Liquid Crystal Elastomers.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2003/12/15/
VL  - 107
IS  - 50
M3  - Article
SP  - 13755
EP  - 13757
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Nematic elastomers undergo a phase change from an orientationally ordered nematic phase to a disordered isotropic phase when subjected to a temperature change. It is shown that such a phase change is both entropically and energetically driven. Isostrain data on a liquid crystal elastomer material is analyzed in terms of classical rubber elasticity theory. By separating the contributions to the total elastic restoring force into energetic and entropic components, the role of internal energy is assessed and shown to be significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID crystals
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - ELASTICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 11749966; Shenoy D. K. 1 Thomsen D. L. 1 Keller P. 1 Ratna B. R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, 6A W Taylor Street, MS 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001, and Laboratorie Physico-Chemie Curie, CNRS UMR No. 168, Institut Curie-Section de Recherche, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05 France; Source Info: Dec2003, Vol. 107 Issue 50, p13755; Subject Term: LIQUID crystals; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
AU  - Kagawa, Hiromi K.
AU  - Paavola, Chad D.
AU  - McMillan, R. Andrew
AU  - Howard, Jeanie
AU  - Jahnke, Linda
AU  - Lavin, Collen
AU  - Embaye, Tsegereda
AU  - Henize, Christopher E.
T1  - Intracellular localization of a group II chaperonin indicates a membrane-related function.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2003/12/23/
VL  - 100
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 15589
EP  - 15594
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Chaperonins are protein complexes that are believed to function as part of a protein folding system in the cytoplasm of the cell. We observed, however, that the group II chaperonins known as rosettasomes in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae, are not cytoplasmic but membrane associated. This association was observed in cultures grown at 60°C and 76°C or heat-shocked at 85°C by using immunofluorescence microscopy and in thick sections of rapidly frozen cells grown at 76°C by using immunogold electron microscopy. We observed that increased abundance of rosettasomes after heat shock correlated with decreased membrane permeability at lethal temperature (92°C). This change in permeability was not seen in cells heat-shocked in the presence of the amino acid analogue azetidine 2-carboxylic acid, indicating functional protein synthesis influences permeability. Azetidine experiments also indicated that observed heat-induced changes in lipid composition in S. shibatae could not account for changes in membrane permeability. Rosettasomes purified from cultures grown at 60°C and 76°C or heat-shocked at 85°C bind to liposomes made from either the bipolar tetraether lipids of Sulfolobus or a variety of artificial lipid mixtures. The presence of rosettasomes did not significantly change the transition temperature of liposomes, as indicated by differential scanning calorimetry, or the proton permeability of liposomes, as indicated by pyranine fluorescence. We propose that these group II chaperonins function as a structural element in the natural membrane based on their intracellular location, the correlation between their functional abundance and membrane permeability, and their potential distribution on the membrane surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR chaperones
KW  - CYTOPLASM
KW  - CULTURES (Biology)
KW  - CELLS
KW  - BIOLOGICAL membranes
KW  - IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - LIPOSOMES
N1  - Accession Number: 12109945; Trent, Jonathan D. 1; Email Address: jonathan.dtrent@nasa.gov Kagawa, Hiromi K. 2 Paavola, Chad D. 1 McMillan, R. Andrew 1 Howard, Jeanie 2 Jahnke, Linda 1 Lavin, Collen 3 Embaye, Tsegereda 2 Henize, Christopher E. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field.  2: SETI Institute, Landings Drive, Mountain View.  3: Integrated Microscopy Microscopy Resource, University of Wisconsin, Observatory Drive, Madison.; Source Info: 12/23/2003, Vol. 100 Issue 26, p15589; Subject Term: MOLECULAR chaperones; Subject Term: CYTOPLASM; Subject Term: CULTURES (Biology); Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL membranes; Subject Term: IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: LIPOSOMES; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.2136795100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
T1  - Acetaldehyde in star-forming regions
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Observations of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) in a survey of nine star-forming regions are presented. Emission is clearly detected from both the A and E symmetry states in the <f>404</f>–<f>303</f> and <f>505</f>–<f>404</f> transitions. Both the range of the measured CH3CHO column densities (<f>∼4×1012–1014</f> cm−2), and the derived fractional abundances, are in good agreement with other studies. The origin of interstellar CH3CHO and its structural isomers is discussed in the light of this work and previous observations. It is concluded that specific grain-surface chemistries are responsible for the production of the C2H4O compounds and other related organic molecules. Possible observational tests to distinguish between different surface pathways are suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACETALDEHYDE
KW  - NUCLEAR isomers
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - Stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 12559572; Charnley, S.B. 1; Email Address: charnley@dusty.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: ACETALDEHYDE; Subject Term: NUCLEAR isomers; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: formation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan, Yi-Jehng
AU  - Charnley, Steven B.
AU  - Huang, Hui-Chun
AU  - Kisiel, Zbigniew
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Tseng, Wei-Ling
AU  - Yan, Chi-Hung
T1  - Searches for interstellar molecules of potential prebiotic importance
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Interstellar chemistry leads to the formation of many prebiologically important molecules and is therefore of the fundamental interest to Astrobiology. Many organics can be produced in the gas phase where they can be detected. Molecules formed by reactions on the surfaces of dust grains are also best detected by millimeter-wave observations of sources in which the products of grain-surface chemistry have been deposited into the gas phase. In this article, we present a summary of the status of several searches for potential prebiotic molecules – aziridine, 2H-azirine, pyrimidine and glycine – in the hot molecular cores Sgr B2(N-LMH), W51 e1/e2 and Orion KL. Detections of these organic molecules would strengthen the thesis that interstellar organic matter, delivered in cometary impacts, could have played an important role in the prebiotic chemistry of the early Earth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - ISM: individual (Orion Kleinmann-Low, Sagittarius B2(N-LMH), W51 e1/e2)
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - Line: identification
KW  - Radio Lines: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 12559573; Kuan, Yi-Jehng 1,2; Email Address: kuan@sgrb2.geos.ntnu.edu.tw Charnley, Steven B. 3 Huang, Hui-Chun 1 Kisiel, Zbigniew 4 Ehrenfreund, Pascale 5 Tseng, Wei-Ling 1 Yan, Chi-Hung 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4, Ting-Chou Road, Taipei 116, Taiwan, ROC  2: Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC  3: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94305-1000, USA  4: Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland  5: Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual (Orion Kleinmann-Low, Sagittarius B2(N-LMH), W51 e1/e2); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line: identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio Lines: ISM; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.04.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernstein, Max P.
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - The infrared spectrum of matrix isolated aminoacetonitrile, a precursor to the amino acid glycine
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We present infrared (IR) spectral data from matrix isolation experiments and density functional theory calculations on the pre-biologically interesting molecule aminoacetonitrile, a precursor to glycine. We find that this nitrile has an unusually weak nitrile (C&z.tbnd6;N) stretch in the infrared, in contrast to expectations based on measurements and models of other nitriles under astrophysical conditions. The absence of an observable nitrile absorption feature in the infrared will make the search for this molecule by IR considerably more difficult, if not impossible. This is also of relevance to assessing the formation routes of the amino acid glycine, since aminoacetonitrile is the putative precursor to glycine via the Strecker synthesis, the mechanism postulated to have produced the amino acid glycine in meteorites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATRIX isolation spectroscopy
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - AMINOACETONITRILE
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - Amino acid
KW  - Glycine
KW  - IR spectroscopy
KW  - Meteorite
KW  - Nitrile
N1  - Accession Number: 12559574; Bernstein, Max P. 1,2; Email Address: mbernstein@mail.arc.nasa.gov Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 3 Sandford, Scott A. 2; Affiliation:  1: The SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p40; Subject Term: MATRIX isolation spectroscopy; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: AMINOACETONITRILE; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amino acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glycine; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrile; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
AU  - Seb Gillette, J.
AU  - Bernstein, Max P.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
AU  - Elsila, Jamie E.
AU  - Ryan McGlothlin, Donald
AU  - Zare, Richard N.
T1  - An evolutionary connection between interstellar ices and IDPs? Clues from mass spectroscopy measurements of laboratory simulations
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We present mass spectra of the residual organic matter that results from the ultraviolet photolysis of realistic interstellar ice analogs in the laboratory. The mass spectra show that this residue is a complex mixture of high molecular weight organic molecules, reminiscent of those reported for interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) – asteroidal and cometary dust. This represents a further characterization of the material for which we have already reported amphiphilic properties (). If we assume that the compounds observed are conjugated hydrocarbons, the mass spectra of the organics are consistent with organic compounds of up to 22 carbon atoms. Heating in air at low-pressure up to 1470 K as a simulation of atmospheric entry increases the molecular masses detected by μL2MS, resulting in a spectrum similar to those of the IDPs Florianus, and Aurelian. The results presented here are consistent with the notion that some of the large organic molecules delivered to the Earth on IDPs could have had their origin in low-temperature ice chemistry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
N1  - Accession Number: 12559578; Dworkin, Jason P. 1; Email Address: jason.p.dworkin@nasa.gov Seb Gillette, J. 2 Bernstein, Max P. 3,4 Sandford, Scott A. 3 Allamandola, Louis J. 3 Elsila, Jamie E. 2 Ryan McGlothlin, Donald 4 Zare, Richard N. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 691.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA  3: NASA’s Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: The SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p67; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lazos, Barry S.
T1  - Reynolds Stresses Around the Wheels of a Simplified Four-Wheel Landing Gear.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 196
EP  - 198
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Discusses data from an experiment which show Reynolds stresses around the wheels of a simplified four-wheel landing gear. Description of the experimental setup and data reduction; Acquisition of digital particle image velocimetry data in a plane bisecting the in-line wheels in which three components of Reynolds stress were calculated; Assumption that the results will be useful for the determination of potential regions of noise generation and for comparison with computational-fluid dynamic results.
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - DYNAMIC meteorology
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Landing gear
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 12388385; Lazos, Barry S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p196; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: DYNAMIC meteorology; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Landing gear; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis M.
T1  - SHOCK WAVE DRAG REDUCTION.
JO  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 96
PB  - Annual Reviews Inc.
SN  - 00664189
AB  - Examines the concepts of shock wave drag reduction.  Approaches to wave drag reduction; Factors that influence shock wave interference; Correlation between blunt nose/leading edges and shock wave drag.
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - INTERFERENCE (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - flow control
N1  - Accession Number: 12004876; Bushnell, Dennis M. 1; Email Address: d.m.bushnell@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p81; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: INTERFERENCE (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow control; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev.fluid.36.050802.122110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Keefe, Sean
AU  - Stewart, John G.
AU  - Deal, Duane W.
AU  - Isaac, Rael Jean
AU  - Shiffman, Philip
AU  - McKay, Lori
AU  - Heller, Lisa
AU  - Furstenberg, Karl
AU  - Hsu, Stephen
AU  - Stegenga, James
AU  - Buna, Donald De
AU  - Pope, Carl
AU  - Rosset, Peter
AU  - Cyr, Christine
AU  - Rickard, Stephen
AU  - Paredes, Oona
AU  - Swensen, Ken
AU  - Page, Ed
AU  - Starer, Brian D.
AU  - Norris, John M.
T1  - LETTERS TO THE EDITOR.
JO  - Atlantic
JF  - Atlantic
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004
VL  - 293
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 30
PB  - Atlantic Media Company
SN  - 10727825
AB  - The article presents letters to the editors published in the January/February 2004 issue of "Atlantic Monthly." According to one reader, the article "Columbia's Last Flight" provides an erroneous representation of NASA's response to the findings of the investigative board. Another reader says that writer William Langewiesche did not consider the budgetary restraints of the space program. A third reader criticizes Langewiesche's disapproval of the protected interviews conducted by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - COLUMBIA (Spacecraft) Disaster, 2003
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - LANGEWIESCHE, William
N1  - Accession Number: 11922743; O'Keefe, Sean 1 Stewart, John G. 2 Deal, Duane W. 3 Isaac, Rael Jean Shiffman, Philip McKay, Lori Heller, Lisa Furstenberg, Karl 4 Hsu, Stephen Stegenga, James Buna, Donald De Pope, Carl 5 Rosset, Peter 6 Cyr, Christine Rickard, Stephen 7 Paredes, Oona Swensen, Ken Page, Ed Starer, Brian D. Norris, John M. 8; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Washington, D.C.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Knoxville, Tenn.  3: Brigadier General, USAF Colorado Springs, Cola.  4: Dean of Admissions and Financial Aid Dartmouth College Hanover, N.H.  5: Executive Director, Sierra Club San Francisco, Calif.  6: Anuradha Mittal Raj Patel Institute for Food and Development Policy (Fond First) Oakland, Calif  7: Director, Nuremberg Legacy Project Washington, D.C.  8: Theology Department University of Dallas Dallas, Texas; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 293 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: COLUMBIA (Spacecraft) Disaster, 2003; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: LANGEWIESCHE, William; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 11747
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Krishnan, S.S.
AU  - Gore, J.P.
T1  - Effects of oxygen enhancement and gravity on normal and inverse laminar jet diffusion flames
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 136
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 254
SN  - 00102180
N1  - Accession Number: 12042975; Sunderland, P.B. 1; Email Address: pbs@grc.nasa.gov Krishnan, S.S. 2 Gore, J.P. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA  3: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 136 Issue 1/2, p254; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.09.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Zhang, Pusheng
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Shekhar, Shashi
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
T1  - Understanding Controls on Historical River Discharge in the World’s Largest Drainage Basins.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - Long-term (20 yr) river discharge records from 30 of the world’s largest river basins have been used to characterize surface hydrologic flows in relation to net precipitation inputs, ocean climate teleconnections, and human land/water use patterns. This groundwork study is presented as a precedent to distributed simulation modeling of surface hydrologic flows in large river basins. Correlation analysis is used as a screening method to classify river basins into categories based on major controls on discharge, for example, climate, land use, and dams. Comparisons of paired station records at upstream and downstream discharge locations within each major river basin suggest that the discharge signals represented in upstream discharge records are sustained in the downstream station records for nearly two-thirds of the drainage basins selected. River basins that showed the strongest localized climate control over historical discharge records, in terms of correlations with net basinwide precipitation rates, are located mainly in the seasonally warm temperate and tropical latitude zones, as opposed to river basins located mainly in the higher latitude zones (above 45°N). Ocean climate indices such as the Niño1+2 and Niño3+4 correlate highly with historical interannual patterns in monthly river discharge for only four of the selected discharge station records, namely, on the Amazon, Congo (Zaire), Columbia, and Colorado (Arizona) Rivers. Historical patterns of cropland development and irrigated areas may explain the weak climate correlations with interannual patterns in monthly river discharge rates for at least one-third of the major river drainages selected from the historical discharge dataset. This paper is part of a special theme issue on land use and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAND use
KW  - WATERSHEDS
KW  - HYDRAULIC engineering
KW  - RECLAMATION of land
KW  - WATER supply
KW  - LANDSCAPE assessment
KW  - DRAINAGE
KW  - Climate
KW  - Land use
KW  - River discharge
N1  - Accession Number: 14929858; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Zhang, Pusheng 2 Klooster, Steven 3 Genovese, Vanessa 3 Shekhar, Shashi 2 Kumar, Vipin 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.  3: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: WATERSHEDS; Subject Term: HYDRAULIC engineering; Subject Term: RECLAMATION of land; Subject Term: WATER supply; Subject Term: LANDSCAPE assessment; Subject Term: DRAINAGE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land use; Author-Supplied Keyword: River discharge; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Embaye, Tsegereda
AU  - Hope, Janet
AU  - Turk, Kendra A.
AU  - Van Zuilen, Mark
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Farmer, Jack D.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
T1  - Lipid biomarker and carbon isotopic signatures for stromatolite-forming, microbial mat communities and Phormidium cultures from Yellowstone National Park.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 47
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - The molecular and isotopic compositions of lipid biomarkers from cultured filamentous cyanobacteria ( Phormidium, also known as Leptolyngbya) have been used to investigate the community and trophic structure of photosynthetic mats from alkaline hot springs of the Lower Geyser Basin at Yellowstone National Park. We studied a shallow-water coniform mat from Octopus Spring (OS) and a submerged, tufted mat from Fountain Paint Pots (FPP) and found that 2-methylhopanepolyols and mid-chain branched methylalkanes were diagnostic for cyanobacteria, whereas abundant wax esters were representative of the green non-sulphur bacterial population. The biomarker composition of cultured Phormidium-isolates varied, but was generally representative of the bulk mat composition. The carbon isotopic fractionation for biomass relative to dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; ℇCO2) for cultures grown with 1% CO2 ranged from 21.4 to 26.1 and was attenuated by diffusion limitation associated with filament aggregation (i.e. cell clumping). Isotopic differences between biomass and lipid biomarkers, and between lipid classes, depended on the cyanobacterial strain, but was positively correlated with overall fractionation. Acetogenic lipids (alkanes and fatty acids) were generally more depleted than isoprenoids (phytol and hopanoids). The δ13CTOC for OS and FPP mats were somewhat heavier than for cultures (−16.9 and −23.6, respectively), which presumably reflects the lower availability of DIC in the natural environment. The isotopic dispersions among cyanobacterial biomarkers, biomass and DIC reflected those established for culture experiments. The 7-methyl- and 7,11-dimethylheptadecanes were from 9 to 11 depleted relative to the bulk organic carbon, whereas 2-methylhopanols derived from the oxidation-reduction of bacteriohopanepolyol were enriched relative to branched alkanes by approximately 5–7. These isotopic relationships survived with depth and indicated that the relatively heavy isotopic composition of the OS mat resulted from diffusion limitation. This study supports the suggestion that culture studies can establish valid isotopic relationships for interpretation of trophic structure in modern and ancient microbial ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - LIPIDS
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 12440768; Jahnke, Linda L. 1,2; Email Address: Linda.L.Jahnke@nasa.gov Embaye, Tsegereda 3 Hope, Janet 4 Turk, Kendra A. 5 Van Zuilen, Mark 1 Des Marais, David J. 1,2 Farmer, Jack D. 6 Summons, Roger E. 2,4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Australian Geological Survey Organization, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia  5: University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA  6: Department of Geology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85257-1404, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 2 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00021.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, M.
AU  - Majumder, S.B.
AU  - Katiyar, R.S.
AU  - Bhalla, A.S.
AU  - Miranda, F.A.
AU  - Van Keuls, F.W.
T1  - Tailoring of BST and MgO Layers for Phase Shifter Applications.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 68
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Sol-gel technique has been utilized to deposit heterostructured Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3:MgO (BST:MgO) films with different BST/MgO layer sequences and thicknesses in order to achieve enhanced microwave properties. The correlation between the structure, microstructure, and the dielectric properties are presented. Eight element coupled microstrip phase-shifters were fabricated on these films and the performance of these coupled microstrip phase-shifters at microwave frequencies was evaluated in the 15-17 GHz frequency range. The high frequency figure of merit (κ), dramatically improved to 87°/dB in the optimized heterostructured composite thin film measured at 533 kV/cm, which is the highest known value measured in the Ku band region for BST based thin films. These results represent the current state of the art technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - BARIUM compounds
KW  - MAGNESIUM oxide
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - PHASE shifters
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - BST
KW  - heterostructure
KW  - microwave
KW  - phase-shifter
KW  - sol-gel
KW  - thin film
N1  - Accession Number: 12917065; Jain, M. 1 Majumder, S.B. 1 Katiyar, R.S. 1 Bhalla, A.S. 2 Miranda, F.A. 3 Van Keuls, F.W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, USA  2: Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, USA  3: NASA, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  4: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p59; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: BARIUM compounds; Subject Term: MAGNESIUM oxide; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: PHASE shifters; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Author-Supplied Keyword: BST; Author-Supplied Keyword: heterostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase-shifter; Author-Supplied Keyword: sol-gel; Author-Supplied Keyword: thin film; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Arellano-López, A.R.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, J.
AU  - González, P.
AU  - Domínguez, C.
AU  - Fernández-Quero, V.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Biomorphic SiC: A New Engineering Ceramic Material.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 67
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Biomorphic SiC (bioSiC) ceramics are a new class of materials produced with natural, renewable resources (wood or wood-based products). A wide variety of Si/SiC composites can be fabricated by melt Si-infiltration of wood and cellulose-derived carbonaceous templates. This technology provides a low-cost and eco-friendly route to advanced ceramic materials, with near-net shape potential. BioSiC materials have tailorable microstructure and properties, and behave like ceramic materials manufactured by conventional approaches. Several applications, with different technological levels and developed in collaboration with industry, are presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - TECHNICAL chemistry
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
N1  - Accession Number: 20770575; De Arellano-López, A.R. 1 Martínez-Fernández, J. 1 González, P. 2 Domínguez, C. 3 Fernández-Quero, V. 4 Singh, M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, P.O. Box 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain  2: Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas-Marcosende, Vigo, Spain  3: Alfran S.A., Alcalá de Guadaira, Sevilla, Spain  4: Departamento de I+D+I, Solúcar Energia, S.A., ABENGOA, Sevilla, Spain  5: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p56; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: TECHNICAL chemistry; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Miller, Robert A.
T1  - Development of Advanced Low Conductivity Thermal Barrier Coatings.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 94
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Advanced multi-component, low-conductivity oxide thermal barrier coatings have been developed using an approach that emphasizes real-time monitoring of thermal conductivity under conditions that are engine-like in terms of temperatures and heat fluxes. This is in contrast to the traditional approach where coatings are initially optimized in terms of furnace and burner rig durability with subsequent measurement in the as-processed or furnace-sintered condition. The present work establishes a laser high-heat-flux test as the basis for evaluating advanced plasma-sprayed and electron beam-physical vapor deposited (EBPVD) thermal barrier coatings under the NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Program. The candidate coating materials for this program are novel thermal barrier coatings that are found to have significantly reduced thermal conductivities and improved thermal stability due to an oxide defect-cluster design. Critical issues for designing advanced low-conductivity coatings with improved coating durability are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - LASERS -- Industrial applications
KW  - KILNS
KW  - ELECTRON beams
N1  - Accession Number: 20770578; Zhu, Dongming 1,2 Miller, Robert A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Member, the American Ceramic Society; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p86; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: LASERS -- Industrial applications; Subject Term: KILNS; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236210 Industrial Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prinzell III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Comstock Jr., J. Raymond
AU  - Glaab, Louis J.
AU  - Kramer, Lynda J.
AU  - Arthur, Jarvis J.
AU  - Barry, John S.
T1  - The efficacy of Head-Down and Head-Up Synthetic Vision Display Concepts for Retro- and Forward-Fit Commercial Aircraft.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 77
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - The retrofit question concerns whether useful and effective synthetic vision displays are usable in aircraft that have limited-size-day spaces. Two experiments were conducted to examine the efficacy of these displays and develop field-of-view and terrain texture recommendations for design. The first experiment examined issues of field of view and display size using an Asheville, North Carolina, synthetic vision database and fixed-based simulator. The second experiment was conducted on the NASA B-757 aircraft at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport and investigated the efficacy of both head-down and head-up displays and generic and photorealistic terrain texture. Both experiment confirmed the retrofit capability and that all sizes and texturing methods were found to be viable candidates for synthetic vision displays. These results, future directions, and implications for meeting national aeronautic safety and capacity goals are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics -- United States
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - INFORMATION display systems
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 12111179; Prinzell III, Lawrence J. 1; Email Address: l.j.prinzel@larc.nasa.gov Comstock Jr., J. Raymond 1 Glaab, Louis J. 1 Kramer, Lynda J. 1 Arthur, Jarvis J. 1 Barry, John S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  2: Lockheed-Martin, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics -- United States; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: INFORMATION display systems; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vlcek, Brian L.
AU  - Hendricks, Robert C.
AU  - Zaretsky, Erwin V.
T1  - Predictive Failure of Cylindrical Coatings Using Weibull Analysis.
JO  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
JF  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 31
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1023621X
AB  - Rotating, coated wiping rollers used in a high-speed printing application failed primarily from fatigue. Two coating materials were evaluated: a hard, cross-linked, plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and a softer, plasticized PVC. A total of 447 tests was conducted with these coatings in a production facility. The data were evaluated using Weibull analysis. The softer coating produced more than twice the life of the harder cross-linked coating and reduced the wiper replacement rate by two-thirds, resulting in minimum production interruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Rotating Machinery is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROLLERS (Printing)
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - POLYVINYL chloride
KW  - Coatings
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Printing
KW  - Weibull
N1  - Accession Number: 11901164; Vlcek, Brian L. 1 Hendricks, Robert C. 2; Email Address: robert.c.hendricks@grc.nasa.gov Zaretsky, Erwin V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: ROLLERS (Printing); Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: WEIBULL distribution; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: POLYVINYL chloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Printing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10236210490258043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holmes, Bruce J.
AU  - Durham, Michael H.
AU  - Tarry, Scott E.
T1  - Small Aircraft Transportation System Concept and Technologies.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
EP  - 35
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper summarizes both the vision and the early public-private collaborative research for the small air-craft transportation system (SATS). The paper outlines an operational definition of SATS, describes how SATS conceptually differs from current air transportation capabilities, introduces four SATS operating capabilities, and explains the relation between the SATS operating capabilities and the potential for expanded air mobility. The SATS technology roadmap encompasses on-demand, widely distributed, point-to-point air mobility, through hired-pilot modes in the nearer term, and through self-operated user modes in the farther term. The nearer-term concept is based on aircraft and airspace technologies being developed to make the use of smaller, more widely distributed community reliever and general aviation airports and their runways more useful in more weather conditions, in commercial hired-pilot service modes. The farther-term vision is based on technical concepts that could be developed to simplify or automate many of the operational functions in the aircraft and the airspace for meeting future public transportation needs in personally operated modes. NASA technology strategies form a roadmap between the nearer-term concept and the farther-term vision. This paper outlines a roadmap for scalable, on-demand, distributed air mobility technologies for vehicle and airspace systems. The audiences for the paper include general aviation manufacturers; small aircraft transportation service providers; the flight training industry; airport and transportation authorities at the federal, state, and local levels; and organizations involved in planning for future national airspace system advancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - HIGH technology
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 12783453; Holmes, Bruce J. 1; Email Address: Bruce.J.Holmes@NASA.Gov Durham, Michael H. 1,2; Email Address: Michael.H.Durham@NASA.Gov Tarry, Scott E. 3,4; Email Address: starry@unomaha.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Manager, Distributed Air Ground System and Advanced Air Transportation Technologies  3: University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, Nebraska 68182-0508  4: Associate Professor, Aviation Institute, 6001 Dodge Street; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p26; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: HIGH technology; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hemsch, Michael J.
T1  - Statistical Analysis of Computational Fluid Dynamics Solutions from the Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 103
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A simple, graphical framework is presented for robust statistical evaluation of results obtained from N-version testing of a series of Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes. The solutions were obtained by a variety of code developers and users for the June 2001 Drag Prediction Workshop sponsored by the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Technical Committee. The aerodynamic configuration used for the computational tests is the DLR, German Aerospace Research Center DLR-F4 wing-body combination previously tested in several European wind tunnels and for which a previous N-version test had been conducted. The statistical framework is used to evaluate code results for 1) a single cruise design point, 2) a drag polar at a single Mach number, and 3) drag rise at three values of lift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - EUROPE
N1  - Accession Number: 12783460; Hemsch, Michael J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23188-2199; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p95; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: EUROPE; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 6 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rand, Omri
AU  - Khromov, Vladimir
AU  - Peyran, Richard J.
T1  - Minimum-Induced Power Loss of a Helicopter Rotor via Circulation Optimization.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 104
EP  - 109
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The paper summarizes a study aimed towards determining the lower limit of induced power of helicopter rotors in hover and forward flight. The current optimization study was not based on design parameters such as rotorblade chord, airfoil, and twist angle distributions. Instead, the rotor-disc bound circulation radial and azimuthal distributions were selected to be the independent unknowns in the minimization process of the induced power. Hence, the optimization results set the lower realistic bound of rotor-induced power. The results can serve as a useful reference for designers evaluating current and future rotor system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - GROUND-effect machines
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
N1  - Accession Number: 12783461; Rand, Omri 1 Khromov, Vladimir 1 Peyran, Richard J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel  2: U.S. Army Aviation, Missile Command, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p104; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: GROUND-effect machines; Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336612 Boat Building; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Bragg, Michael B.
AU  - Addy Jr., Harold E.
T1  - Effect of Intercycle Ice Accretions on Airfoil Performance.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 174
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results are presented of an experimental study designed to characterize and evaluate the aerodynamic performance penalties of residual and intercycle ice accretions that result from the cyclic operation of a typical aircraft deicing system. Icing wind-tunnel tests were carried out on a 36-in. chord NACA 23012 airfoil section equipped with a pneumatic deicer for several different Federal Air Regulation 25 Appendix C cloud conditions. Results from the icing tests showed that the intercycle ice accretions were much more severe in terms of size and shape than the residual ice accretions. Molds of selected intercycle ice shapes were made and converted to castings that were attached to the leading edge of a 36-in. chord NACA 23012 airfoil model for aerodynamic testing. The aerodynamic testing revealed that the intercycle ice shapes caused a significant performance degradation. Maximum lift coefficients were typically reduced about 60% from 1.8 (clean) to 0.7 (iced) and stall angles were reduced from 17 deg (clean) to 9 deg (iced). Changes in the Reynolds number (from 2.0 x 10[sup6] to 10.5 x 10[sup6]) and Mach number (from 0.10 to 0.28) did not significantly affect the iced-airfoil performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 12783469; Broeren, Andy P. 1,2; Email Address: broeren@uiuc.edu Bragg, Michael B. 1,3,4; Email Address: mbragg@uiuc.edu Addy Jr., Harold E. 5,6; Email Address: Gene.Addy@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  2: Research Scientist, Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, 306 Talbot Laboratory, 104 South Wright Street  3: Professor and Head, Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, 306 Talbot Laboratory, 104 South Wright Street  4: Associate Fellow AIAA  5: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  6: Research Engineer, Icing Branch, Mail Stop 11-2, 21000 Brookpark Road; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scott, Robert C.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
AU  - Florance, James R.
AU  - Keller, Donald F.
T1  - Unsteady Pressures Associated with Vortical Flows and Forced Oscillation.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 186
EP  - 189
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Presents a study that examined the rigid semispan model (RSM) using different mount systems.  Background on a goal of the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel at the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center; Challenges provided by the RSM database for verification and validation of computational fluid dynamics codes; Results of the study.
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - MODELS & modelmaking
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 12783471; Scott, Robert C. 1,2,3 Silva, Walter A. 1,3,4 Florance, James R. 1,5,6 Keller, Donald F. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch  3: Associate Fellow AIAA  4: Senior Research Scientist, Aeroelasticity Branch  5: Aerospace Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch  6: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p186; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: MODELS & modelmaking; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verrilli, M. J.
AU  - Brewer, D.
T1  - Characterization of Ceramic Matrix Composite Fasteners Exposed in a Combustor Linear Rig Test.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 126
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 49
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Combustion tests on SiC/SiC CMC components were performed in an aircraft combustion environment using the rich-burn, quick-quench, lean-burn (RQL) sector rig. SiC/SiC fasteners were used to attach several of these components to the metallic rig structure. The effect of combustion exposure on the fastener material was characterized via microstructural examination. Fasteners were also destructively tested, after combustion exposure, and the failure loads of fasteners exposed in the sector rig were compared to those of as-manufactured fasteners. Combustion exposure reduced the average fastener failure load by 50% relative to the as-manufactured fasteners for exposure times ranging from 50 to 260 hours. The fasteners exposed in the combustion environment demonstrated failure loads that varied with failure mode. Fasteners that had the highest average failure load, failed in the same manner as the unexposed fasteners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - FASTENERS
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - METALS
N1  - Accession Number: 12888399; Verrilli, M. J. 1 Brewer, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials Research Engineer  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland, OH 44135-3191; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 126 Issue 1, p45; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: FASTENERS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: METALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423710 Hardware Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416330 Hardware merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339993 Fastener, Button, Needle, and Pin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339990 All other miscellaneous manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332722 Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, and Washer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1639005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
T1  - Introductory Remarks: Protozoology (Protistology) at the Dawn of the 21st Century.
JO  - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
JF  - Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 7
SN  - 10665234
AB  - Highlights the important trends in the field of protistology.  Controversy over the origin of the eukaryotic cells; Emergence of complete genome sequencing in the field of parasitology; Role of protists in global carbon and sulfur cycles.
KW  - PROTOZOOLOGY
KW  - EUKARYOTIC cells
KW  - PARASITOLOGY
KW  - PROTISTA
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - PROTOZOA
N1  - Accession Number: 12452731; Rothschild, Lynn J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: PROTOZOOLOGY; Subject Term: EUKARYOTIC cells; Subject Term: PARASITOLOGY; Subject Term: PROTISTA; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Subject Term: PROTOZOA; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertino, M.F.
AU  - Hund, J.F.
AU  - Sosa, J.
AU  - Zhang, G.
AU  - Sotiriou-Leventis, C.
AU  - Leventis, N.
AU  - Tokuhiro, A.T.
AU  - Terry, J.
T1  - High resolution patterning of silica aerogels
JO  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
JF  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 333
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
SN  - 00223093
AB  - Three-dimensional metallic structures are fabricated with high spatial resolution in silica aerogels. In our method, silica hydrogels are prepared with a standard base-catalyzed route, and exchanged with an aqueous solution typically containing Ag+ ions (1 M) and 2-propanol (0.2 M). The metal ions are reduced photolytically with a table-top ultraviolet lamp, or radiolytically, with a focused X-ray beam. We fabricated dots and lines as small as 30 × 70 μm, protruding for several mm into the bulk of the materials. The hydrogels are eventually supercritically dried to yield aerogels, without any measurable change in the shape and spatial resolution of the lithographed structures. Transmission electron microscopy shows that illuminated regions are composed by Ag clusters with a size of several μm, separated by thin layers of silica. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICA gel
KW  - HYDROGELS
KW  - HIGH resolution spectroscopy
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 11607573; Bertino, M.F. 1; Email Address: massimo@umr.edu Hund, J.F. 1 Sosa, J. 1 Zhang, G. 2 Sotiriou-Leventis, C. 2 Leventis, N. 3 Tokuhiro, A.T. 4 Terry, J. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials Division/Polymers Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  6: Biological, Chemical, and Physical Sciences, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 333 Issue 1, p108; Subject Term: SILICA gel; Subject Term: HYDROGELS; Subject Term: HIGH resolution spectroscopy; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2003.09.039
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meier, Arndt
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Manning, Paul S.
AU  - Stephen, Thomas M.
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Jones, Nicholas B.
AU  - Wood, Stephen W.
T1  - Improvements to air mass calculations for ground-based infrared measurements
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 83
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 109
SN  - 00224073
AB  - High-resolution ground-based infrared solar spectra are routinely recorded at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) stations. These data sets play a key role in providing a long-term record of atmospheric composition and their links to climate change. The analysis of observed infrared spectra involves comparison to a computer-modeled atmosphere where knowledge of the air mass distribution is an essential component. This note summarises improvements made to an existing and widely used computer code (FSCATM) to perform refractive ray-tracing and calculation of the air mass distribution. Changes were made towards higher vertical resolution in the troposphere and increased numerical precision. The revised FSCATM improves the analysis of infrared spectra mostly through the more accurate representation of the temperature profile. Air mass differences with respect to earlier versions are documented and are typically <f><0.7%</f>, exceptions being extreme cases of inversion layers. The current version provides ray tracing and air mass calculations for any terrestrial observation site. The output files are reported in a format compatible with the SFIT and SFIT2 retrieval algorithms, which are widely used for NDSC infrared atmospheric studies. The improved computer code, documentation, reference profiles, and test cases are available electronically. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - AIR masses
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - STUDY & teaching
N1  - Accession Number: 10741823; Meier, Arndt 1; Email Address: a.meier@apollolifesciences.com Goldman, Aaron 2 Manning, Paul S. 2 Stephen, Thomas M. 2 Rinsland, Curtis P. 3 Jones, Nicholas B. 4 Wood, Stephen W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia  2: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  4: NIWA (National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd.), Lauder, Private Bag 50061, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 83 Issue 1, p109; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: AIR masses; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: STUDY & teaching; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-4073(02)00018-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Hee Mann Yun, Gregory N.
AU  - DiCarlo, James A.
AU  - Thomas-Ogbuji, Linus
T1  - Effect of a Boron Nitride Interphase That Debonds between the Interphase and the Matrix in SiC/SiC Composites.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 87
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 104
EP  - 112
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Typically, the debonding and sliding interface enabling fiber pullout for SiC-fiber-reinforced SiC-matrix composites with BN-based interphases occurs between the fiber and the interphase. Recently, composites have been fabricated where interface debonding and sliding occur between the BN interphase and the matrix. This results in two major improvements in mechanical properties. First, significantly higher failure strains were attained due to the lower interfacial shear strength with no loss in ultimate strength properties of the composites. Second, significantly longer stress-rupture times at higher stresses were observed in air at 815°C. In addition, no loss in mechanical properties was observed for composites that did not possess a thin carbon layer between the fiber and the interphase when subjected to burner-rig exposure. Two primary factors were hypothesized for the occurrence of debonding and sliding between the BN interphase and the SiC matrix: a weaker interface at the BN/matrix interface than the fiber/BN interface and a residual tensile/shear stress-state at the BN/matrix interface of melt-infiltrated composites. Also, the occurrence of outside debonding was believed to occur during composite fabrication, i.e., on cooldown after molten silicon infiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - SILICON compounds
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - BORON compounds
KW  - NITRIDES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 12059488; Morscher, Gregory N. 1 Hee Mann Yun, Gregory N. 2 DiCarlo, James A. 3 Thomas-Ogbuji, Linus 4; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute  2: Cleveland State University, Ohio  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Ohio  4: QSS Group, Inc., Ohio; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 87 Issue 1, p104; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: BORON compounds; Subject Term: NITRIDES; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goins, Gregory D.
AU  - Yorio, Neil C.
AU  - Wheeler, Raymond M.
T1  - Influence of Nitrogen Nutrition Management on Biomass Partitioning and Nitrogen Use Efficiency Indices in Hydroponically Grown Potato.
JO  - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 129
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 140
SN  - 00031062
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been conducting controlled environment research with potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) in recirculating nutrient film technique (NFT)-hydroponic systems as a human life support component during long-duration spaceflight. Standard nutrient solution management approaches include constant pH regulation with nitric acid (HNO[sub 3]) and daily adjustment of electrical conductivity (EC) equivalent to half-strength modified Hoagland's solution, where nitrate (NO[sub 3, sup -]) is the sole nitrogen (N) source. Although tuber yields have been excellent with such an approach, N use efficiency indices are expected to be low relative to tuber biomass production. Furthermore, the high amount of N used in NFT-hydroponics, typically results in high inedible biomass, which conflicts with the need to minimize system mass, volume, and expenditure of resources for long-duration missions. More effective strategies of N fertilization need to be developed to more closely match N supply with demand of the crop. Hence, the primary objective of this study was to identify the optimal N management regime and plant N requirement to achieve high yields and to avoid inefficient use of N and excess inedible biomass production. In separate 84-day cropping experiments, three N management protocols were tested. Treatments which decreased NO[sub 3, sup -]-N supply indirectly through lowering nutrient solution EC (Expt. I), or disabling pH control, and/or supplying NH[sub 4, sup +]-N (Expt. III) did not significantly benefit tuber yield, but did influence N use efficiency indices. When supplied with an external 7.5 mM NO[sub 3, sup -]-N for the first 42 days after planting (DAP), lowered to 1.0 mM NO[sub 3, sup -]-N during the final 42 days (Expt. II), plants were able to achieve yields on par with plants which received constant 7.5 mM NO[sub 3, sup -]-N (control). By abruptly decreasing N supply at tuber initiation in Expt. II, less N was taken up and accumulated by plants compared to those which received high constant N (control). However, proportionately more plant accumulated N was used (N use efficiency) to produce tuber biomass when N supply was abruptly lowered at tuber initiation in Expt. II. Hence, a hydroponic nutrient solution N management system may be modified to elicit greater plant N-use while maintaining overall high tuber yield as opposed to achieving high tuber yields through excess N supply and shoot growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science is the property of American Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTATOES
KW  - NUTRIENT film culture
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 11838875; Goins, Gregory D. 1; Email Address: gregory.goins@ksc.nasa.gov Yorio, Neil C. 1 Wheeler, Raymond M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Dynamac Corporation, Mail Code DYN-3, Kennedy Space Center FL  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code YA-D3, Kennedy Space Center FL; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 129 Issue 1, p134; Subject Term: POTATOES; Subject Term: NUTRIENT film culture; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 111211 Potato Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413150 Fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crespo, L. G.
AU  - Sun, J. Q.
T1  - On the Feedback Linearization of the Lorenz System.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
EP  - 100
SN  - 10775463
AB  - In this paper we present a control study of the Lorenz system via feedback linearization using the Rayleigh number as a control variable. The effects of the state transformation on the dynamics of the system are studied first. Then, composite controls are derived for both stabilization and tracking problems. The transition through the manifold where the state transformation is singular and the system is insensitive to the control is achieved by inducing the natural chaotic response of the system within a boundary layer. Outside the boundary layer, the control designed via feedback linearization is applied. Tracking problems that involve single and cooperative objectives are studied by using differential flatness. A good understanding of the system dynamics proves to be invaluable in the design of better controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - RAYLEIGH number
KW  - chaos control
KW  - composite controllers
KW  - differential flatness
KW  - Feedback linearization
KW  - Lorenz system
N1  - Accession Number: 12486652; Crespo, L. G. 1 Sun, J. Q. 2; Affiliation:  1: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center Mail Stop 132C, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p85; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH number; Author-Supplied Keyword: chaos control; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite controllers; Author-Supplied Keyword: differential flatness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback linearization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorenz system; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/107754604030944
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Shannon
AU  - Ruf, Chris
AU  - Keihm, Steve
AU  - Kitayakara, Ami
T1  - Jason Microwave Radiometer Performance and On-Orbit Calibration.
JO  - Marine Geodesy
JF  - Marine Geodesy
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan-Jun2004
VL  - 27
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 220
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01490419
AB  - Results are presented from the on-orbit calibration of the Jason Microwave Radiometer (JMR). The JMR brightness temperatures (TBs) are calibrated at the hottest and coldest ends of the instrument's dynamic range, using Amazon rain forest and vicarious cold on-Earth theoretical brightness temperature references. The retrieved path delay values are validated using collocated TOPEX Microwave Radiometer and Radiosonde Observation path delay (PD) values. Offsets of 1–4 K in the JMR TBs and 8–12 mm in the JMR PDs, relative to TMR measurements, were initially observed. There were also initial TB offsets of 2 K between the satellite's yaw state. The calibration was adjusted by tuning coefficients in the antenna temperature calibration algorithm and the antenna pattern correction algorithm. The calibrated path delay values are demonstrated to have no significant bias or scale errors with consistent performance in all nonprecipitating weather conditions. The uncertainty of the individual path delay measurements is estimated to be 0.74 cm ± 0.15, which exceeds the mission goal of 1.2 cm RMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Geodesy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - RAIN forests
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Radio antennas
KW  - RADIOSONDES
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - calibration
KW  - JMR
KW  - microwave radiometer
KW  - path delay
KW  - satellite
KW  - TMR
N1  - Accession Number: 14094469; Brown, Shannon 1; Email Address: brownst@engin.umich.edu Ruf, Chris 1 Keihm, Steve 2 Kitayakara, Ami 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Michigan  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Jan-Jun2004, Vol. 27 Issue 1/2, p199; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: RAIN forests; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Radio antennas; Subject Term: RADIOSONDES; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: JMR; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave radiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: path delay; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: TMR; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01490410490465643
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benedikt, B.
AU  - Kumosa, M.
AU  - Armentrout, D.
AU  - Kumosa, L.
AU  - Sutter, J. K.
AU  - Predecki, P. K.
T1  - Analysis of Stresses in Aluminum Particles Embedded Inside Unidirectional and Woven Graphite/Polyimide Composites Subjected to Large Bending Loads.
JO  - Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures
JF  - Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2004/01//Jan/Feb2004
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 49
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 15376494
AB  - The effect of large bending loads on strains and stresses inside aluminum particles embedded in unidirectional and woven eight harness satin (8HS) graphite/PMR-15 composites has been examined. The stresses and strains in the particles were determined by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. It has been shown in this work that when the composites are subjected to large four-point bending loads, above certain critical loads, the normal stresses and strains in the particles no longer respond to an increase in the bending moments. The stabilization of the normal X-ray stresses and strains under large bending conditions was attributed to the onset of plastic deformation of the particles. It has also been shown in this study that the aluminum particles do not noticeably affect the mechanical behavior of the composites under four-point bending conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - X-ray diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 11623376; Benedikt, B. 1 Kumosa, M. 1; Email Address: mkumosa@du.edu Armentrout, D. 1 Kumosa, L. 1 Sutter, J. K. 2 Predecki, P. K. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Advanced Materials and Structures, Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Source Info: Jan/Feb2004, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15376490490257648
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
AU  - Millar, T.J.
AU  - Boogert, A.C.A.
AU  - Markwick, A.J.
AU  - Butner, H.M.
AU  - Ruiterkamp, R.
AU  - Rodgers, S.D.
T1  - Observational tests for grain chemistry: posterior isotopic labelling.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2004/01//1/1/2004
VL  - 347
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 162
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We propose a series of detailed observations that should allow current ideas concerning the important catalytic pathways to interstellar molecules on interstellar dust grains to be tested. The atoms and molecules that accrete on cold grains and take part in surface reactions will be selectively fractionated in 13C. Deeply embedded hot cores are surrounded by cold envelopes which still contain molecular ices that reflect the composition of the material evaporated into the hot gas. Recent Infrared Space Observatory observations of carbon dioxide ices towards embedded protostars have allowed the solid [12C/13C] ratio in CO2 to be measured for the first time. We therefore now have a means to test theories of grain chemistry by comparing the isotopic signature of abundant ice molecules with that of species derived from them and which are only detectable in the gas – isotopic labelling a posteriori. If atom addition reactions to solid CO and HCO are the origin of the organic molecules detected in hot molecular cores, these molecules should still possess the same [12C/13C] ratio. The theory that methanol ice is produced by reduction of CO ice can be tested by radio-astronomical observations of several protostellar sources with known [12CO2/13CO2]ice ratios to see if the observed trend in [12CO2/13CO2]ice is reflected in [12CH3OH/13CH3OH]. We also critically discuss observations designed to elucidate the origin of solid OCS, as well as of many other larger organic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - STELLAR granulation
KW  - SPACE environment
N1  - Accession Number: 11691896; Charnley, S.B. 1 Ehrenfreund, P. 2 Millar, T.J. 3 Boogert, A.C.A. 4 Markwick, A.J. 3 Butner, H.M. 5 Ruiterkamp, R. 2 Rodgers, S.D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center  2: Leiden Observatory  3: Department of Physics, UMIST  4: Submillimeter Astrophysics Group, Downs Laboratory of Physics, California Institute of Technology  5: SMTO-Steward Observatory, University of Arizona; Source Info: 1/1/2004, Vol. 347 Issue 1, p157; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: STELLAR granulation; Subject Term: SPACE environment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07188.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Jianzhong
AU  - Ning, C.Z.
T1  - Many-body effects on intersubband resonances in narrow InAs/AlSb quantum wells
JO  - Physica E
JF  - Physica E
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 264
SN  - 13869477
AB  - Intersubband polarization couples to collective excitations of the interacting electron gas confined in a semiconductor quantum well (QW) structure. Such excitations include correlated pair excitations (repellons) and intersubband plasmons. The oscillator strength of intersubband resonances (ISBRs) strongly varies with QW parameters and electron density because of this coupling. Using the intersubband semiconductor Bloch equations for a two-conduction-subband model, we show that intersubband absorption spectra for narrow wells are dominated by the Fermi-edge singularity (via coupling to repellons) when the electron gas becomes degenerate and in the presence of large nonparabolicity. Thus the resonance peak position appears at the Fermi edge and the peak is greatly narrowed, enhanced, and red shifted as compared to the free particle result. Our results uncover a new perspective for ISBRs and indicate the necessity of proper many-body theoretical treatment in order for modeling and prediction of ISBR line shape. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physica E is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - QUANTUM wells
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - NUCLEAR excitation
KW  - Intersubband resonance
KW  - Many-body effects
KW  - Nonparabolicity
KW  - Quantum wells
N1  - Accession Number: 11959972; Li, Jianzhong; Email Address: jianzhng@nas.nasa.gov Ning, C.Z. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S N229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 20 Issue 3/4, p264; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: QUANTUM wells; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: NUCLEAR excitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intersubband resonance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Many-body effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonparabolicity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum wells; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.015
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, J.
AU  - Kolokolov, K.I.
AU  - Ning, C.Z.
AU  - Larrabee, D.C.
AU  - Khodaparast, G.A.
AU  - Kono, J.
AU  - Ueda, K.
AU  - Nakajima, Y.
AU  - Sasa, S.
AU  - Inoue, M.
T1  - Microscopic modeling of intersubband resonances in InAs/AlSb quantum wells
JO  - Physica E
JF  - Physica E
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 268
SN  - 13869477
AB  - Linear absorption spectra from intersubband resonance in InAs/AlSb quantum wells are analyzed theoretically using the intersubband semiconductor Bloch equation approach. Our model goes beyond the Hartree–Fock approximation and treats particle–particle correlations under the second Born approximation. Electron–electron and longitudinal optical phonon scatterings from such a treatment describe intrinsic line broadening to the intersubband resonance. Electron subbands are determined self-consistently with a spurious-state-free 8-band <f>k·p</f> Hamiltonian under the envelope function approximation. To compare with experimental measurements, we also included line broadening due to electron-interface roughness scattering. Excellent agreement was achieved for temperature-dependent absorption spectra in the mid-infrared frequency range, after taking into careful account the interplay of material parameters, nonparabolicity in bandstructure, and many-body effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physica E is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - BLOCH constant
KW  - InAs/AlSb
KW  - Intersubband resonance
KW  - Many-body effects
KW  - Quantum wells
N1  - Accession Number: 11959973; Li, J. 1; Email Address: jianzhng@nas.nasa.gov Kolokolov, K.I. 1 Ning, C.Z. 1 Larrabee, D.C. 2 Khodaparast, G.A. 2 Kono, J. 2 Ueda, K. 3 Nakajima, Y. 3 Sasa, S. 3 Inoue, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, M/S N229-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 20 Issue 3/4, p268; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: BLOCH constant; Author-Supplied Keyword: InAs/AlSb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intersubband resonance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Many-body effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum wells; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physe.2003.08.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hughes, D. R.
AU  - Ghoshal, A.
AU  - Rowe, E.
AU  - Sundaresan, M. J.
AU  - Schulz, M. J.
AU  - Feaster, J. T.
T1  - Health monitoring of thick materials using piezoceramic patches, time signals, and wavelet transmittance functions.
JO  - Shock & Vibration
JF  - Shock & Vibration
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 66
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10709622
AB  - A relatively overlooked factor in both global and local methods of health monitoring is the nonlinear stiffness of structures caused by the cycling of cracks and delaminations. Global methods of health monitoring use modal parameters or frequency response functions in an inverse procedure to quantify damage in structures with thick sections. Global approaches use fewer sensors that detect only significantly large damage in structures due to damage caused by transient vibration. However, local methods use Lamb wave propagation to detect small damage within a structure by an array of closely spaced sensors and actuators. Local methods also become more difficult to use on thick or non-homogeneous materials because wave propagation becomes complex. This paper develops a combined time series and wavelet analysis technique to improve damage detection in either thick, complex geometry, or non-homogeneous materials. A wavelet transmittance function (WTF) is defined as the ratio of continuous wavelet transforms from the time responses at different locations on a structure. A new damage indicator was developed based upon wavelet transmittance function. The novelty of the method lies in the fact that a near real time inference about the damage and the approximate extent of damage can be drawn without historical data. A simulated model is illustrated to highlight the potential of the new damage indicator on a thick aluminum specimen. Then, experimental signal data from two sets of different experiments conducted on thick structures with a crack and a delamination were analyzed using the wavelet transmittance function to detect the presence and extent of the damages as reflected on the WTF maps. This paper mainly deals with the development of WTF and the associated damage indicator by analyzing the simulated and experimental sets of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Shock & Vibration is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Dynamics)
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - health monitoring
KW  - piezoceramic sensors
KW  - thick materials
KW  - wavelet transmittance function
N1  - Accession Number: 12345135; Hughes, D. R. 1; Email Address: hughesdr@npt.nuwc.navy.mil Ghoshal, A. 2 Rowe, E. 1 Sundaresan, M. J. 3 Schulz, M. J. 4 Feaster, J. T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport, Newport, RI 02841-1708, USA  2: NRC/Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: FREQUENCY response (Dynamics); Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoceramic sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: thick materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: wavelet transmittance function; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saganti, Premkumar B.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Simonsen, Lisa C.
AU  - Zeitlin, Cary
T1  - Radiation climate map for analyzing risks to astronauts on the mars surface from galactic cosmic rays.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2004/01//
VL  - 110
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 156
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The potential risks for late effects including cancer, cataracts, and neurological disorders due to exposures to the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is a large concern for the human exploration of Mars. Physical models are needed to project the radiation exposures to be received by astronauts in transit to Mars and on the Mars surface, including the understanding of the modification of the GCR by the Martian atmosphere and identifying shielding optimization approaches. The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) mission has been collecting Martian surface topographical data with the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Here we present calculations of radiation climate maps of the surface of Mars using the MOLA data, the radiation transport model HZETRN (high charge and high energy transport), and the quantum multiple scattering fragmentation model, QMSFRG. Organ doses and the average number of particle hits per cell nucleus from GCR components (protons, heavy ions, and neutrons) are evaluated as a function of the altitude on the Martian surface. Approaches to improve the accuracy of the radiation climate map, presented here using data from the 2001 Mars Odyssey mission, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MULTIPLE scattering (Physics)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 15102669; Saganti, Premkumar B. 1; Email Address: premkurneur@saqanti1@jsc.nasa.gov Cucinotta, Francis A. 2 Wilson, John W. 3 Simonsen, Lisa C. 3 Zeitlin, Cary 4; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Houston TX-77058, U.S.A.  2: NASA Johnson Space Center Houston, TX-77058, U.S.A.  3: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA -23681 , U.S.A.  4: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA-94720, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 110 Issue 1/2, p143; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MULTIPLE scattering (Physics); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grimshaw, George H.
AU  - Rhoades, Dawna L.
AU  - Williams, Michael
AD  - Dryden Flight Research Center, US National Aeronautics and Space Administration
AD  - Embry-Riddle Aeronautical U
AD  - Embry-Riddle Aeronautical U
T1  - Selling Space: Revitalising Interest in Aerospace Technology Careers
JO  - World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development
JF  - World Review of Science, Technology and Sustainable Development
Y1  - 2004///
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
SP  - 60
EP  - 73
SN  - 17412242
N1  - Accession Number: 0860158; Keywords: Aerospace;  Technical;  Technology; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 200608
N2  - The recent call by US President George W. Bush to renew the spirit of discovery and undertake an ambitious plan to explore space, including manned missions to the moon and Mars, has highlighted a significant stumbling block to progress, namely, a shortage of aerospace technicians. Historically, such technicians have come into the aerospace industry with an aviation technical background and received supplemental training from employers, but an aging workforce decimated by aerospace layoffs is failing to meet current demand and would fall far short of achieving the new vision. This paper explores the reasons for that shortage and public and private efforts to address this issue.
KW  - Professional Labor Markets; Occupational Licensing          J44
KW  - Automobiles; Other Transportation Equipment          L62
KW  - Technological Change: Government Policy          O38
L3  - http://www.inderscience.com/wrstsd
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werf, Guido R.  van der
AU  - Randerson, James T.
AU  - Collate, C. James
AU  - Ciglio, Louis
AU  - Kasibhatla, Prasad S.
AU  - Arellano Jr., Avelino F.
AU  - Olsen, Seth C.
AU  - Kasischke, Eric S.
T1  - Continental-Scale Partitioning of Fire Emissions During the1997 to 2001 El Niño/La Niña Period.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/01/02/
VL  - 303
IS  - 5654
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 76
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - During the 1997 to 1998 El Nino, drought conditions triggered widespread increases in fire activity, releasing CH[sub4] and CO[sub2] to the atmosphere. We evaluated the contribution of fires from different continents to variability in these greenhouse gases from 1997 to 2001, using satellite-based estimates of fire activity, biogeochemical modeling, and an inverse analysis of atmospheric CO anomalies. During the 1997 to 1998 El Nino, the fire emissions anomaly was 2.1 ± 0.8 petagrams of carbon, or 66 ± 24% of the CO[sub2] growth rate anomaly. The main contributors were Southeast Asia (60%), Central and South America (30%), and boreal regions of Eurasia and North America (10%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIRE
KW  - DROUGHTS
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC methane
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
N1  - Accession Number: 11923376; Werf, Guido R.  van der 1; Email Address: guido@ltpmailx.gsfc.nasa.gov Randerson, James T. 2 Collate, C. James 3 Ciglio, Louis 4 Kasibhatla, Prasad S. 5 Arellano Jr., Avelino F. 5 Olsen, Seth C. 2 Kasischke, Eric S. 6; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Department of Agriculture-Foreign Agricultural Service, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Coddard Space Flight Center (NASA-CSFC), Code 923, Greenbelt Road, Creenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  2: Divisions of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 100-23, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.  3: NASA-GSFC, Code 923, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt. MD 20771, USA.  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA-GSFC, Code 923, Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  5: Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.  6: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.; Source Info: 1/2/2004, Vol. 303 Issue 5654, p73; Subject Term: FIRE; Subject Term: DROUGHTS; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC methane; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3723
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luck, Gary W.
AU  - Ricketts, Taylor H.
AU  - Daily, Gretchen C.
AU  - Imhoff, Marc
T1  - Alleviating spatial conflict between people and biodiversity.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/01/06/
VL  - 101
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 182
EP  - 186
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Human settlements are expanding in species-rich regions and pose a serious threat to biodiversity conservation. We quantify the degree to which this threat manifests itself in two contrasting continents, Australia and North America, and suggest how it can be substantially alleviated. Human population density has a strong positive correlation with species richness in Australia for birds, mammals, amphibians, and butterflies (but not reptiles) and in North America for all five taxa. Nevertheless, conservation investments could secure locations that harbor almost all species while greatly reducing overlap with densely populated regions. We compared two conservation-planning scenarios that each aimed to represent all species at least once in a minimum set of sampling sites. The first scenario assigned equal cost to each site (ignoring differences in human population density); the second assigned a cost proportional to the site's human population density. Under the equal-cost scenario, 13-40% of selected sites occurred where population density values were highest (in the top decile). However, this overlap was reduced to as low as 0%, and in almost all cases to <10%, under the population-cost scenario, when sites of high population density were avoided where possible. Moreover, this reduction of overlap was achieved with only small increases in the total amount of area requiring protection. As densely populated regions continue to expand rapidly and drive up land values, the strategic conservation investments of the kind highlighted in our analysis are best made now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - CONSERVATION biology
KW  - POPULATION density
KW  - HUMAN-animal relationships
KW  - AUSTRALIA
KW  - NORTH America
N1  - Accession Number: 12263230; Luck, Gary W. 1,2; Email Address: galuck@csu.edu.au. Ricketts, Taylor H. 2,3 Daily, Gretchen C. 2 Imhoff, Marc 4; Affiliation:  1: The Johnstone Center, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 789, Albury NSW 2640, Australia.  2: Center for Conservation Biology, Stanford University, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-5020.  3: Conservation Science Program, World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street NW. Washington, DC 20037.  4: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 923, Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.; Source Info: 1/6/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 1, p182; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: CONSERVATION biology; Subject Term: POPULATION density; Subject Term: HUMAN-animal relationships; Subject Term: AUSTRALIA; Subject Term: NORTH America; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.2237148100
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hansen, James
AU  - Nazarenko, Larissa
T1  - Soot climate forcing via snow and ice albedos.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/01/13/
VL  - 101
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 428
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Plausible estimates for the effect of soot on snow and ice albedos (1.5% in the Arctic and 3% in Northern Hemisphere land areas) yield a climate forcing of +0.3 W/m[SUP2] in the Northern Hemisphere. The "efficacy" of this forcing is &ap;2, i.e., for a given forcing it is twice as effective as CO[SUB2] in altering global surface air temperature. This indirect soot forcing may have contributed to global warming of the past century, including the trend toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, thinning Arctic sea ice, and melting land ice and permafrost. If, as we suggest melting ice and sea level rise define the level of dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system, then reducing soot emissions, thus restoring snow albedos to pristine high values, would have the double benefit of reducing global warming and raising the global temperature level at which dangerous anthropogenic interference occurs. However, soot contributions to climate change do not alter the conclusion that anthropogenic greenhouse gases have been the main cause of recent global warming and will be the predominant climate forcing in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SOOT
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - ANTHROPOGENIC soils
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - aerosols
KW  - air pollution
KW  - climate change
KW  - sea level
N1  - Accession Number: 12214367; Hansen, James 1; Email Address: jhansen@giss.nasa.gov Nazarenko, Larissa 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies.  2: Columbia University Earth Institute, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025.; Source Info: 1/13/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 2, p423; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SOOT; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: ANTHROPOGENIC soils; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea level; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.2237157100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raine, Adrian
AU  - Ishikawa, Sharon S.
AU  - Arce, Estibaliz
AU  - Lencz, Todd
AU  - Knuth, Kevin H.
AU  - Bihrle, Susan
AU  - LaCasse, Lori
AU  - Colletti, Patrick
T1  - Hippocampal structural asymmetry in unsuccessful psychopaths
JO  - Biological Psychiatry
JF  - Biological Psychiatry
Y1  - 2004/01/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
SN  - 00063223
AB  - : BackgroundStructural and functional hippocampal abnormalities have been previously reported in institutionalized psychopathic and aggressive populations. This study assessed whether prior findings of a right greater than left (R > L) functional asymmetry in caught violent offenders generalize to the structural domain in unsuccessful, caught psychopaths.: MethodsLeft and right hippocampal volumes were assessed using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 23 control subjects, 16 unsuccessful psychopaths, and 12 successful (uncaught) community psychopaths and transformed into standardized space.: ResultsUnsuccessful psychopaths showed an exaggerated structural hippocampal asymmetry (R > L) relative both to successful psychopaths and control subjects (p < .007) that was localized to the anterior region. This effect could not be explained by environmental and diagnostic confounds and constitutes the first brain imaging analysis of successful and unsuccessful psychopaths.: ConclusionsAtypical anterior hippocampal asymmetries in unsuccessful psychopaths may reflect an underlying neurodevelopmental abnormality that disrupts hippocampal-prefrontal circuitry, resulting in affect dysregulation, poor contextual fear conditioning, and insensitivity to cues predicting capture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biological Psychiatry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain)
KW  - MAGNETIC resonance imaging
KW  - PSYCHOPATHS
KW  - MENTALLY ill
KW  - asymmetry
KW  - Hippocampus
KW  - MRI
KW  - neurodevelopment
KW  - psychopathy
KW  - trauma
N1  - Accession Number: 11958969; Raine, Adrian 1,2 Ishikawa, Sharon S. 1 Arce, Estibaliz 1 Lencz, Todd 3 Knuth, Kevin H. 4 Bihrle, Susan 1 LaCasse, Lori 1 Colletti, Patrick 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology (AR, SSI, EA, SB, LL), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA  2: Program in Neuroscience (AR), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA  3: Department of Research (TL), Hillside Hospital, North Shore–Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, New York, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (SB), New York, New York, USA  5: Department of Radiology (PC), University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA; Source Info: Jan2004, Vol. 55 Issue 2, p185; Subject Term: HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain); Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance imaging; Subject Term: PSYCHOPATHS; Subject Term: MENTALLY ill; Author-Supplied Keyword: asymmetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hippocampus; Author-Supplied Keyword: MRI; Author-Supplied Keyword: neurodevelopment; Author-Supplied Keyword: psychopathy; Author-Supplied Keyword: trauma; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00727-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, Sandra Polesky
T1  - Thermal Effects on the Compressive Behavior of IM7/PETI5 Laminates.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2004/01/15/
VL  - 38
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 162
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The effect of changing operating temperature on the compressive response of IM7/PETI5 composite laminates is investigated within this paper. The three temperatures evaluated for this study were --129, 21, and 177°C, a spectrum from cryogenic to an elevated operating temperature. Laminate compressive-strength property testing was conducted to generate strength data at the three operating temperatures of interest for several lay-ups. The Wyoming Combined-Load Compression fixture was chosen for the compression testing. The current investigation determined that the torque applied with utilizing the fixture needs to be adjusted for changing operating temperature. A three-dimensional finite element analysis model of a [90/0][sub8s] composite laminate subject to compressive loading is developed. The model is used to study the key attributes of the laminate that significantly influence the state of stress in the laminate. Both the resin-rich layer located between lamina and the thermal residual stresses present in the laminate due to curing are included in the analysis model. For the laminate modeled, conducting nonlinear analyses using temperature-dependent material properties was determined to be unnecessary for the operating temperatures studied. Simply using the temperature-dependent material properties measured at the operating temperature of interest while conducting a more expeditious linear analysis was sufficient for predicting stresses accurately for the current problem. The unique three-dimensional analysis results revealed that the application of an applied compressive axial load in the 0-degree direction decreased the interlaminar stresses present in the laminate initially due to curing. Therefore, failure was concluded not be attributable to the interlaminar stresses in the composite laminate being studied when a compressive load is applied. The measured laminate strength increase with a decrease in temperature is determined to be due to the increase... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL stresses
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - composite laminates
KW  - compression strength
KW  - cure stresses
KW  - environmental effects
KW  - residual stresses
KW  - thermal
N1  - Accession Number: 12514479; Walker, Sandra Polesky 1; Email Address: sandra.p.walker@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Langley Research Center MS 396, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p149; Subject Term: THERMAL stresses; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: compression strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: cure stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: residual stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998304038648
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wenming Zhao
AU  - Levon Minnetyan
AU  - Christos C. Chamis
T1  - Fracture Propagation in Composites with Biaxial Fiber Reinforcement.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2004/01/15/
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 234
AB  - Fracture characteristics such as damage progression, work of fracture, ultimate fracture loads, and failure modes are evaluated by computational simulation for composites with biaxial braided fiber reinforcements. Several Graphite-Epoxy Mode I compact tension (C(T)) specimens with different biaxial fiber orientations are modeled and simulated. Damage initiation, growth, and propagation processes at the microscopic level are tracked, enabling a more insightful interpretation of the test results. The effects of ply-layup with various orientations of the braid axis with reference to the notch directions are investigated with respect to their influences on damage and fracture progression characteristics. Results validate the computational simulation method and identify fracture characteristics for biaxially reinforced composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - CARBON
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SYSTEMS engineering
KW  - INDUSTRIAL engineering
KW  - COMPACTING
N1  - Accession Number: 12066977; Wenming Zhao 1 Levon Minnetyan 2 Christos C. Chamis 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam, NY 13699-5710, USA  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam, NY 13699-5710, USA, Email: levon@clarkson.edu  3: NASA-Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p221; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SYSTEMS engineering; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL engineering; Subject Term: COMPACTING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gao, R. S.
AU  - Popp, P. J.
AU  - Fahey, D. W.
AU  - Marcy, T. P.
AU  - Herman, R. L
AU  - Weinstock, E. M.
AU  - Baumgardner, D. G.
AU  - Garrett, T. J.
AU  - Rosenlof, K. H.
AU  - Thompson, T. L.
AU  - Bui, P. T.
AU  - Ridley, B. A.
AU  - Wofsy, S. C.
AU  - Toon, O. B.
AU  - Tolbert, M. A.
AU  - Kärcher, B.
AU  - Peter, Th.
AU  - Hudson, P. K.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Heymsfield, A. J.
T1  - Evidence That Nitric Acid Increases Relative Humidity inLow-Temperature Cirrus Clouds.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/01/23/
VL  - 303
IS  - 5657
M3  - Article
SP  - 516
EP  - 520
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - In situ measurements of the relative humidity with respect to ice (RH[subo]) and of nitric acid (HNO[sub3]) were made in both natural and contrail cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere. At temperatures lower than 202 kelvin, RH[subi] values show a sharp increase to average values of over 130% in both cloud types. These enhanced RH[subi] values are attributed to the presence of a new class of HNO[sub3]-containing ice particles (Δ-ice). We propose that surface HNO[sub3] molecules prevent the ice/vapor system from reaching equilibrium by a mechanism similar to that of freezing point depression by antifreeze proteins. Δ-ice represents a new link between global climate and natural and anthropogenic nitrogen oxide emissions. Including Δ-ice in climate models will alter simulated cirrus properties and the distribution of upper tropospheric water vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITRIC acid
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - FREEZING points
KW  - NITROGEN oxides
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 12186466; Gao, R. S. 1; Email Address: rgao@al.noaa.gov Popp, P. J. 1,2 Fahey, D. W. 1,2 Marcy, T. P. 1,2 Herman, R. L 3 Weinstock, E. M. 4 Baumgardner, D. G. 5 Garrett, T. J. 6 Rosenlof, K. H. 1 Thompson, T. L. 1 Bui, P. T. 7 Ridley, B. A. 8 Wofsy, S. C. 9 Toon, O. B. 10 Tolbert, M. A. 2,11 Kärcher, B. 12 Peter, Th. 13 Hudson, P. K. 1,2 Weinheimer, A. J. 8 Heymsfield, A. J. 8; Affiliation:  1: Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.  3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  4: Atmospheric Research Project, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.  5: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centra de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico.  6: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  8: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA.  9: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.  10: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences; University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.  11: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.  12: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luftund Raumfahrt, Wessling, Germany.  13: Laboratorium für Atmosphärenphysik, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.; Source Info: 1/23/2004, Vol. 303 Issue 5657, p516; Subject Term: NITRIC acid; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: FREEZING points; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4924
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ouzounov, D.
AU  - Freund, F.
T1  - Mid-infrared emission prior to strong earthquakes analyzed by remote sensing data
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 268
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Solid Earth–atmosphere interactions and possibly solid Earth–seafloor interactions prior to major earthquakes are the subject of this study. Using data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard National Aeronautical Space Agency (NASA) Terra and Aqua satellites, we have begun to analyze infrared (IR) emissivity, land surface temperature (LST) and sea surface temperature (SST) data. Specifically, we look for correlations between solid Earth processes and atmosphere/ocean dynamics prior to strong earthquakes, selecting examples from 2001 and 2000. We find evidence for such correlations, specifically for a thermal anomaly LST pattern that is apparently related to pre-seismic activity. A new mechanism has recently been proposed based on positive hole-type charge carriers in rocks, which become activated when rocks are subjected to high levels of stress prior [J. Geodyn. 33 (2002) 545–572]. The appearance of these electronic charge carriers within a finite rock volume leads to enhanced IR emission from the rock surface in the 8–12 μm region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - Convective heat flux
KW  - Creep and deformation
KW  - Earthquake dynamics and mechanics
KW  - Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes
KW  - Satellite thermal image
N1  - Accession Number: 12559656; Ouzounov, D. 1; Email Address: ouzounov@eosdata.gsfc.nasa.gov Freund, F. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/SSAI, MS 902, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 33 Issue 3, p268; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ROCKS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep and deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake dynamics and mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing and electromagnetic processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite thermal image; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00486-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, M.G.
AU  - Watson, W.R.
AU  - Tracy, M.B.
AU  - Parrott, T.L.
T1  - Comparison of Two Waveguide Methods for Educing Liner Impedance in Grazing Flow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 232
EP  - 240
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Acoustic measurements taken with several liners in a flow impedance tube are used to assess two waveguide methods, the single mode method (SMM) and the finite element method (FEM), for impedance education in the presence of uniform grazing flow. Both methods use complex acoustic pressure data acquired over the liner length to educe the liner impedance. The SMM is based on the assumption that the sound pressure level and phase decay rates of a single progressive mode can be extracted from the measured complex acoustic pressures. No a priori assumptions are made in the FEM regarding the measured data. For no-flow conditions, the accuracy of each method is demonstrated by the excellent agreement between no-flow impedances educed in a grazing incidence tube and those acquired in a normal incidence tube. For grazing flow conditions (Mach numbers up to 0.5), the relative accuracy of the two waveguide methods is demonstrated by comparing the impedances educed with the FEM to the corresponding results for the SMM. Significant discrepancies occur for both methods for tests conducted at 0.5 kHz. Possible explanations for these discrepancies are explored with, as yet, no clear answer. Above 0.5 kHz, the results indicate the SMM can be used when the acoustic pressure profile is dominated by a single progressive mode, whereas the FEM can he used for all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - GRAZING incidence
KW  - SOUND waves
N1  - Accession Number: 12517820; Jones, M.G. 1 Watson, W.R. 2 Tracy, M.B. 3 Parrott, T.L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Structural Acoustics Branch, Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics and Acoustics Competency, NASA Langley Research Center  2: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics and Acoustics Cometency, NASA Langley Research Center  3: Aeroacoustics Branch, Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics and Acoustics Competency, NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p232; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: GRAZING incidence; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scott, James R.
AU  - Kreider, Kevin L.
AU  - Heminger, John A.
T1  - Evaluation of Radiation Boundary Conditions for th Gust Response Problem.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 254
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The performances of the Sommerfeld, Bayliss-Turkel order-one, and Hagstrom-Hariharan order-one radiation boundary conditions for the single airfoil gust response problem are evaluated. The main objective is to assess quantitatively the accuracy, grid sensitivity, and computational efficiency of each boundary condition. To this end, a matrix of test problems is constructed, and each boundary condition is extensively tested on a large variety of grids. By the use of precise error norms and analytical solutions, it is determined that the Hagstrom-Hariharan condition is the most accurate condition, whereas the Bayliss-Turkel and Hagstrom-Hariharan conditions are about equally insensitive to grid changes. The Sommerfeld and Bayliss-Turkel conditions are the most computationally efficient. Overall, the Bayliss-Turkel condition appears to offer the best combination of accuracy and computational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - GUST loads
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 12517822; Scott, James R. 1; Email Address: James.R.Scott@nasa.gov Kreider, Kevin L. 2; Email Address: Kreider@math.uakron.edu Heminger, John A. 2; Email Address: heminger@amrl.uakron.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center  2: Department of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics, University of Akron; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p249; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: GUST loads; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Donghyun You, Jean Pascal
AU  - Mittal, Rajat
AU  - Meng Wang
AU  - Moin, Parviz
T1  - Computational Methodology for Large-Eddy Simulation of Tip-Clearance Flows.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 279
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A large-eddy-simulation-based flow solver that combines an immersed-boundary technique with a curvilinear structured grid has been developed to study the temporal and spatial dynamics of an incompressible rotor-tip-clearance flow. The overall objective of these simulations is to determine the underlying mechanisms for low-pressure fluctuations downstream of the rotor near the end wall. Salient features of the numerical methodology, including the mesh topology, the immersed boundary method, the treatment of numerical instability for nondissiparive schemes on highly skewed meshes, and the parallelization of the code for shared memory computer platforms, are discussed. The computational approach is shown to be capable of capturing the evolution of the highly complicated flowfield characterized by the interaction of distinct blade-associated vortical structures with the turbulent end-wall boundary layer. Simulation results are compared with experiments, and qualitative as well as quantitative agreement is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - TOPOLOGY
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - VORTEX motion
N1  - Accession Number: 12517825; Donghyun You, Jean Pascal 1; Email Address: dyou@stanford.edu Mittal, Rajat 2 Meng Wang 3 Moin, Parviz 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, George Washington University  3: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University/NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p271; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: TOPOLOGY; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De, Subarnarekha
AU  - Heaney, Peter J.
AU  - Fei, Yingwei
AU  - Vicenzi, Edward E.
T1  - Microstructural study of synthetic sintered diamond and comparison with carbonado, a natural polycrystalline diamond.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2004/02//Feb/Mar2004
VL  - 89
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 438
EP  - 446
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - Efforts to simulate the extreme toughness of the polycrystalline diamond variety known as carbonado typically entail the sintering of diamond powders in the presence of metal solvent-catalysts. In this study, we have attempted to duplicate the carbonado microstructure by sintering diamond powders without catalysts in a multi-anvil press at pressures of 6 to 9 GPa, temperatures of 1200 to 1800 °C, and times up to 6 h. The resultant microstructural defect assemblages for each experimental condition were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Despite the absence of catalysts, sintered compacts were successfully produced for all runs, though intergranular porosity was significantly higher than that observed in natural carbonado. Primary grain sizes were reduced by more than 50% from their original dimensions in some experiments due to surface fracturing and abrasion, and aperiodic slip planes rigorously parallel to {111} consistently emerged in high densities, with lamellar spacings of 3 to 30 nm. In addition, sintering over all conditions produced polysynthetic spinel twinning in close association with the partial slip defects. Compacts compressed at 8 GPa produced some euhedral crystals with very low dislocation densities surrounded by grains in which dislocation densities were quite high. In addition, curviplanar defects loosely constrained to {111} were visible within some specimens sintered at the highest pressures. These textures resembled the polygonalization fabrics and defect microstructures observed in natural carbonado (De et al. 1998), and the appearance of these features suggests that our experiments at their most extreme pressure and temperature parameters reproduced carbonado-like defect assemblages. The formation of such textures in quasi-hydrostatic experiments suggests that shock metamgrphism is not required to produce the periodic defect lamellae observed in carbonado. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIAMONDS
KW  - NATIVE element minerals
KW  - GEMS & precious stones
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - CRYSTALS
N1  - Accession Number: 12750196; De, Subarnarekha 1; Email Address: sde@alumni.princeton.edu Heaney, Peter J. 2 Fei, Yingwei 3 Vicenzi, Edward E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, U.S.A.  2: Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A.  3: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, D.C. 20015, U.S.A.  4: Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, U.S.A; Source Info: Feb/Mar2004, Vol. 89 Issue 2/3, p438; Subject Term: DIAMONDS; Subject Term: NATIVE element minerals; Subject Term: GEMS & precious stones; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414410 Jewellery and watch merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Scott R.
AU  - Debout, Brad M.
T1  - Variation in Sulfide Tolerance of Photosystem II in Phylogenetically Diverse Cyanobacteria from Sulfide Habitats.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 736
EP  - 744
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Physiological and molecular phylogenetic approaches were used to investigate variation among 12 cyanobacterial strains in their tolerance of sulfide, an inhibitor of oxygenic photosynthesis. Cyanobacteria from sulfidic habitats were found to be phylogenetically diverse and exhibited an approximately 50-fold variation in photosystem II performance in the presence of sulfide. Whereas the degree of tolerance was positively correlated with sulfide levels in the environment, a strain's phenotype could not be predicted from the tolerance of its closest relatives. These observations suggest that sulfide tolerance is a dynamic trait primarily shaped by environmental variation. Despite differences in absolute tolerance, similarities among strains in the effects of sulfide on chlorophyll fluorescence induction indicated a common mode of toxicity. Based on similarities with treatments known to disrupt the oxygen-evolving complex, it was concluded that sulfide toxicity resulted from inhibition of the donor side of photosystem II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Molecular biology
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - Sulfides
KW  - Bacterial genetics
KW  - Phylogeny -- Molecular aspects
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Phenotype
N1  - Accession Number: 12591339; Miller, Scott R. 1; Email Address: scott.miller@mso.umt.edu; Debout, Brad M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Feb2004, Vol. 70 Issue 2, p736; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Molecular biology; Thesaurus Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Sulfides; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial genetics; Subject Term: Phylogeny -- Molecular aspects; Subject Term: Cyanobacteria; Subject Term: Phenotype; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.70.2.736-744.2004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Londry, K. L.
AU  - Jahnke, L. L.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
T1  - Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios of Lipid Biomarkers of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 745
EP  - 751
SN  - 00992240
AB  - We examined the potential use of natural-abundance stable carbon isotope ratios of lipids for determining substrate usage by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Four SRB were grown under autotrophic, mixotrophic, or heterotrophic growth conditions, and the δ13C values of their individual fatty acids (FA) were determined. The FA were usually 13C depleted in relation to biomass, with Δδ13C(FA — biomass) of −4 to −17‰ the greatest depletion occurred during heterotrophic growth. The exception was Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans, for which substrate limitation resulted in biomass and FA becoming isotopically heavier than the acetate substrate. The δ13C values of FA in Desulfotomaculum acetoxidans varied with the position of the double bond in the mono-unsaturated C16 and C18 FA, with FA becoming progressively more 13C depleted as the double bond approached the methyl end. Mixotrophic growth of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans resulted in little depletion of the i17:1 biomarker relative to biomass or acetate, whereas growth with lactate resulted in a higher proportion of i17:1 with a greater depletion in 13C. The relative abundances of 10Mel6:0 in Desulfobacter hydrogenophilus and Desulfobacterium autotrophicum were not affected by growth conditions, yet the Δδ13C(FA — substrate) values of 10Me16:0 were considerably greater during autotrophic growth. These experiments indicate that FA δ13C values can be useful for interpreting carbon utilization by SRB in natural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sulfur bacteria
KW  - Fatty acids
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Lipids
KW  - Carbon isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 12591340; Londry, K. L. 1; Email Address: londryk@cc.umanitoba.ca; Jahnke, L. L. 2; Des Marais, D. J. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Feb2004, Vol. 70 Issue 2, p745; Thesaurus Term: Sulfur bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Fatty acids; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Subject Term: Lipids; Subject Term: Carbon isotopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.70.2.745-751.2004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walsh, B. M.
AU  - Barnes, N. P.
T1  - Comparison of Tm : ZBLAN and Tm : silica fiber lasers; Spectroscopy and tunable pulsed laser operation around 1.9 μm.
JO  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
JF  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 78
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 325
EP  - 333
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09462171
AB  - Tm-doped ZBLAN and Tm-doped silica glass are compared spectroscopically and the fiber lasing of the Tm [sup 3]F[sub 4] →[sup 3]H[sub 6] transition around 1.9 μm in ZBLAN and silica fibers is compared. The spectroscopy of these materials indicates that Tm:ZBLAN possesses advantages over Tm:silica glass due to the lower phonon energies. The phonon energy in these glass hosts influences both the pump manifold lifetime, the Tm [sup 3]H[sub 4], and the upper laser manifold lifetime, the Tm [sup 3]F[sub 4]. The maximum phonon energy in Tm:ZBLAN, ∼500 cm[sup -1] , compared to Tm:silica, ∼1100 cm[sup -1], leads to better Tm–Tm self quenching towards populating the Tm [sup 3]F[sub 4], as well as better Tm [sup 3]F[sub 4]→[sup 3]H[sub 6] quantum efficiency. A spectroscopic analysis using the Judd–Ofelt theory and measured lifetimes are used to assess the merits of Tm:ZBLAN over Tm:silica as a fiber laser material. Diode-pumped fiber lasing experiments show that Tm:ZBLAN possesses advantages over Tm:silica that are believed to be due to a lower phonon energy. Data is presented for launched pump energy versus laser energy, fiber length versus slope efficiency, and output mirror reflectivity versus slope efficiency. Tm:ZBLAN is demonstrated to possess higher slope efficiencies and lower thresholds, than Tm:silicate. A grating tuned Tm:ZBLAN laser is also demonstrated for tunable operation between 1.893 μm and 1.955 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICA
KW  - GLASS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - PHONONS
KW  - SILICATES
N1  - Accession Number: 12422246; Walsh, B. M. 1; Email Address: Brian.M.Walsh@nasa.gov Barnes, N. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 78 Issue 3/4, p325; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: PHONONS; Subject Term: SILICATES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00340-003-1393-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Tabazadeh, Azadeh
AU  - Cordero, Eugene C.
T1  - New Directions: Stratospheric ozone recovery in a changing atmosphere
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Letter
SP  - 647
SN  - 13522310
N1  - Accession Number: 11605783; Tabazadeh, Azadeh 1; Email Address: azadeh.tabazadeh-1@nasa.gov; Cordero, Eugene C. 2; Email Address: cordero@met.sjsu.edu; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: San Jose State University, USA; Issue Info: Feb2004, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p647; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.10.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hung-Lung Huang
AU  - Gumley, Liam E.
AU  - Strabala, Kathy
AU  - Jun Li
AU  - Weisz, Elisabeth
AU  - Rink, Thomas
AU  - Baggett, Kevin C.
AU  - Davies, James E.
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Dodge, James C.
T1  - International MODIS and AIRS Processing Package (IMAPP): A Direct Broadcast Software Package for the NASA Earth Observing System.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 85
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
EP  - 161
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Features the International Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder Processing Package for the Earth Observing System of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  Provision of means for some ground stations to produce calibrated and geolocated radiances; Availability of immediate information to government, educational, commercial and research sectors; Adoption of processing algorithms to meet demands for regional real-time multidisciplinary applications.
KW  - METEOROLOGY software
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 12627868; Hung-Lung Huang 1; Email Address: allen.huang@ssec.wisc.edu Gumley, Liam E. 1 Strabala, Kathy 1 Jun Li 1 Weisz, Elisabeth 1 Rink, Thomas 1 Baggett, Kevin C. 1 Davies, James E. 1 Smith, William L. 2 Dodge, James C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 85 Issue 2, p159; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY software; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okai, K.
AU  - Ueda, T.
AU  - Imamura, O.
AU  - Tsue, M.
AU  - Kono, M.
AU  - Sato, J.
AU  - Dietrich, D.L.
AU  - Williams, F.A.
T1  - Effects of DC electric fields on combustion of octane droplet pairs in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 136
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 390
SN  - 00102180
N1  - Accession Number: 12098644; Okai, K. 1; Email Address: okai.keiichi@jaxa.jp Ueda, T. 2 Imamura, O. 2 Tsue, M. 2 Kono, M. 2 Sato, J. 3 Dietrich, D.L. 4 Williams, F.A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Space Technology and Aeronautics, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 7-44-1, Jindaiji Higashi-machi, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8522, Japan  2: University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan  3: Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Tokyo 135-0061, Japan  4: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 136 Issue 3, p390; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2003.11.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gentz, M.
AU  - Armentrout, D.
AU  - Rupnowski, P.
AU  - Kumosa, L.
AU  - Shin, E.
AU  - Sutter, J.K.
AU  - Kumosa, M.
T1  - In-plane shear testing of medium and high modulus woven graphite fiber reinforced/polyimide composites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Iosipescu shear tests were performed at room temperature and at 316 °C (600 °F) on woven composites with either M40J or M60J graphite fibers and PMR-II-50 polyimide resin matrix. The composites were tested as supplied and after thermo-cycling, with the thermo-cycled composites being tested under dry and wet conditions. Acoustic emission (AE) was monitored during the room and high temperature Iosipescu experiments. The shear stresses at the maximum loads and the shear stresses at the significant onset of AE were determined for the composites as a function of temperature and conditioning. The combined effects of thermo-cycling and moisture on the strength and stiffness properties of the composites were evaluated. It was determined that the room and high temperature shear stresses at the maximum loads were unaffected by conditioning. However, at room temperature the significant onset of AE was affected by conditioning; the thermal-conditioned wet specimens showed the highest shear stress at the onset of AE followed by thermal-conditioned and then as received specimens. Also, at high temperature the significant onset of AE occurred in some specimens after the maximum load due to the viscoelastoplastic nature of the matrix material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - GRAPHITE fibers
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 11536228; Gentz, M. 1 Armentrout, D. 1 Rupnowski, P. 1 Kumosa, L. 1 Shin, E. 2 Sutter, J.K. 2 Kumosa, M. 1; Email Address: mkumosa@du.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Advanced Materials and Structures, Department of Engineering, University of Denver, 2390 S. York St. Denver, CO 80208, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 64 Issue 2, p203; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: GRAPHITE fibers; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00260-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conmy, Robyn N.
AU  - Coble, Paula G.
AU  - Castillo, Carlos E. Del
T1  - Calibration and performance of a new in situ multi-channel fluorometer for measurement of colored dissolved organic matter in the ocean
JO  - Continental Shelf Research
JF  - Continental Shelf Research
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 431
SN  - 02784343
AB  - The development of multispectral in situ fluorescence instruments greatly enhances the study of the optical properties of Colored Organic Matter (COM). Here, we tested the inter-instrument variability of three WetLabs, Inc. SAFIres using quinine sulfate standards. As with any fluorometer, intensity and spectral biases in fluorescence output due to properties of the SAFIre''s optical components necessitate corrections. Low response of the instrument to quinine sulfate and lack of an excitation/emission channel at the fluorescence maximum of this standard precluded direct spectral calibration. Calibrations conducted using seawater as a secondary standard provided an acceptable alternative. The field performance of the SAFIre from two experiments is presented here. Time series contour plots show that the instrument has the ability to detect small differences in COM optical properties, and observed fluorescence emission ratios are indicative of changes in sources of the material over the course of the study. The SAFIre was found to extend multispectral measurements to include high spatial and high temporal resolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Continental Shelf Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Humus
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Fluorescence
KW  - Quinine
KW  - CDOM
KW  - In situ instrumentation
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - SAFIre
N1  - Accession Number: 12168793; Conmy, Robyn N. 1; Email Address: rconmy@marine.usf.edu; Coble, Paula G. 1; Castillo, Carlos E. Del 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Marine Science, University of South Florida, 140 Seventh Avenue South, St. Petersburg, FL 33701-5016, USA; 2: Geospace Applications and Development Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Code MAIO Bldg 1100 Rm 202-B, Stennis Space Center, MS, 39529, USA; Issue Info: Feb2004, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p431; Thesaurus Term: Humus; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Fluorescence; Subject Term: Quinine; Author-Supplied Keyword: CDOM; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAFIre; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.csr.2003.10.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behrenfeld, Michael J.
AU  - Prasil, Ondrej
AU  - Babin, Marcel
AU  - Bruyant, Flavienne
T1  - REVIEW In Search of a Physiological Basis for Covariations in Light-Limited and Light-Saturated Photosynthesis.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 25
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - The photosynthesis-irradiance (PE) relationship links indices of phytoplankton biomass (e.g. chl) to rates of primary production. The PE curve can be characterized by two variables: the light-limited slope (αb) and the light-saturated rate (Pbmax) of photosynthesis. Variability in PE curves can be separated into two categories: that associated with changes in the light saturation index, Ek (=Pbmax/αb) and that associated with parallel changes in αband Pbmax (i.e. no change in Ek). The former group we refer to as “Ek-dependent” variability, and it results predominantly from photoacclimation (i.e. physiological adjustments in response to changing light). The latter group we refer to as “Ek-independent” variability, and its physiological basis is unknown. Here, we provide the first review of the sporadic field and laboratory reports of Ek-independent variability, and then from a stepwise analysis of potential mechanisms we propose that this important yet largely neglected phenomenon results from growth rate–dependent variability in the metabolic processing of photosynthetically generated reductants (and generally not from changes in the oxygen-evolving PSII complexes). Specifically, we suggest that as growth rates decrease (e.g. due to nutrient stress), reductants are increasingly used for simple ATP generation through a fast (<1s) respiratory pathway that skips the carbon reduction cycle altogether and is undetected by standard PE methodologies. The proposed mechanism is consistent with the field and laboratory data and involves a simple new “twist” on established metabolic pathways. Our conclusions emphasize that simple reductants, not reduced carbon compounds, are the central currency of photoautotrophs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Molecular biology
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Plant biomass
KW  - Biological productivity
KW  - Acclimatization
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Adenosine triphosphate
KW  - photosynthesis-irradiance relationships
KW  - physiology
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - productivity
N1  - Accession Number: 12210328; Behrenfeld, Michael J. 1; Email Address: mjb@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov; Prasil, Ondrej 2; Babin, Marcel 3; Bruyant, Flavienne 4; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 970, Building 22, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 2: Institute of Microbiology, AVČR 379 81 Třeboň/Institute of Physical Biology, Univeristy of South Bohemia, Nové Hrady, Czech Republic; 3: Laboratoire d'Ocáanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie / CNRS Quai de la Darse, BP 806238, Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, France; 4: Dalhousie University, Department of Oceanography, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3 H 4JI, Canada; Issue Info: Feb2004, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p4; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Molecular biology; Thesaurus Term: Phytoplankton; Thesaurus Term: Plant biomass; Thesaurus Term: Biological productivity; Thesaurus Term: Acclimatization; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Adenosine triphosphate; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthesis-irradiance relationships; Author-Supplied Keyword: physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: phytoplankton; Author-Supplied Keyword: productivity; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1046/j.1529-8817.2004.03083.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. R. Reeder
AU  - E. H. Glaessgen
T1  - Debonding of Stitched Composite Joints Under Static and Fatigue Loading.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 263
AB  - An experimental study was conducted to examine the effects of stitches on the static and fatigue failure of two different single lap joint configurations. To monitor damage growth, X-rays were taken periodically during the fatigue tests. The study showed that a 21/2 fold increase in static strength due to stitching. A similar increase was found in fatigue strength for a given fatigue life. Additionally, stitching significantly changed the pattern of damage growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STATICS
KW  - ELASTIC solids
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - CONFIGURATION space
KW  - X-rays
KW  - RADIATION
N1  - Accession Number: 12111632; J. R. Reeder 1 E. H. Glaessgen 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p249; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: ELASTIC solids; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: CONFIGURATION space; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: RADIATION; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davoudzadeh, Farhad
AU  - Liu, Nan-Suey
T1  - Mach Number Distribution and Plume Direction Prediction of a Rocket Thruster Operating at Four Different Combustion Chamber Pressures.
JO  - Journal of Visualization
JF  - Journal of Visualization
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 7
SN  - 13438875
AB  - Presents diagrams illustrating the Mach number distribution and plume direction prediction of a rocket thruster. Supersonic flow field induced by a rocket thruster with an attached panel under a variety of operating conditions; Operation at different combustion chamber pressures; Control of plume direction by the shocks.
KW  - CHARTS, diagrams, etc.
KW  - MACH number
KW  - ROCKET engine exhaust
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
N1  - Accession Number: 12532797; Davoudzadeh, Farhad 1; Email Address: Farhad.Davoudzadeh@grc.nasa.gov Liu, Nan-Suey 1; Email Address: Nan-Suey.Liu-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p7; Subject Term: CHARTS, diagrams, etc.; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: ROCKET engine exhaust; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castro, V. A.
AU  - Thrasher, A. N.
AU  - Healy, M.
AU  - Ott, C. M.
AU  - Pierson, D. L.
T1  - Microbial Characterization during the Early Habitation of the International Space Station.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 126
SN  - 00953628
AB  - An evaluation of the microbiota from air, water, and surface samples provided a baseline of microbial characterization onboard the International Space Station (ISS) to gain insight into bacterial and fungal contamination during the initial stages of construction and habitation. Using 16S genetic sequencing and rep-PCR, 63 bacterial strains were isolated for identification and fingerprinted for microbial tracking. Of the bacterial strains that were isolated and fingerprinted, 19 displayed similarity to each other. The use of these molecular tools allowed for the identification of bacteria not previously identified using automated biochemical analysis and provided a clear indication of the source of several ISS contaminants. Strains of Bradyrhizobium and Sphingomonas unable to be identified using sequencing were identified by comparison of rep-PCR DNA fingerprints. Distinct DNA fingerprints for several strains of Methylobacterium provided a clear indication of the source of an ISS water supply contaminant. Fungal and bacterial data acquired during monitoring do not suggest there is a current microbial hazard to the spacecraft, nor does any trend indicate a potential health risk. Previous spacecraft environmental analysis indicated that microbial contamination will increase with time and will require continued surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE stations -- Microbiology
KW  - MICROBIAL contamination
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - DNA fingerprinting
N1  - Accession Number: 16936057; Castro, V. A. 1; Email Address: victoria.a.castrol@jsc.nasa.gov Thrasher, A. N. 1 Healy, M. 2 Ott, C. M. 1 Pierson, D. L. 3; Affiliation:  1: EASI/Wyle Laboratories, Microbiology Laboratory, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Bacterial BarCodes, Incorporated, 8080 N. Stadium Drive, Suite 1200, Houston, TX 77054, USA  3: Habitability and Environmental Factors Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p119; Subject Term: SPACE stations -- Microbiology; Subject Term: MICROBIAL contamination; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: DNA fingerprinting; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-003-1030-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ott, C. M.
AU  - Bruce, R. J.
AU  - Pierson, D. L.
T1  - Microbial Characterization of Free Floating Condensate aboard the Mir Space Station Microbial Characterization of Mir Condensate.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 136
SN  - 00953628
AB  - Three samples of humidity condensate that had accumulated behind panels aboard the Russian space station Mir were collected and returned to earth for analysis. As these floating masses of liquid come into contact with the astronauts and the engineering systems, they have the potential to affect both crew health and systems performance. Using a combination of culturing techniques, a wide variety of organisms were isolated included Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and a presumed Legionella species. In addition, microscopic analysis indicated the presence of protozoa, dust mites, and spirochetes. These findings suggest the need for more comprehensive microbial analysis of the environment through the use of new methodologies to allow a more thorough risk assessment of spacecraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE stations -- Microbiology
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - ASTRONAUTS -- Health
KW  - ORGANISMS
KW  - METALLOGRAPHY
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
N1  - Accession Number: 16936061; Ott, C. M. 1; Email Address: charlie.m.ott1@jsc.nasa.gov Bruce, R. J. 1 Pierson, D. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: EASI/Wyle Laboratories, Microbiology Laboratory, Johnson Space Center, 1290 Hercules Drive, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Habitability and Environmental Factors Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p133; Subject Term: SPACE stations -- Microbiology; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS -- Health; Subject Term: ORGANISMS; Subject Term: METALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-003-1038-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper
AU  - S. M.
AU  - Cruden
AU  - B. A.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
AU  - Raju
AU  - R.
AU  - Roy
AU  - S.
T1  - Gas Transport Characteristics through a Carbon Nanotubule.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 381
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We report the first determination of the slip coefficient for tubular carbon structures that have been produced by chemical vapor deposition on a porous alumina substrate with nominal pore diameters of 200 nm. A uniform 20-30 nm thick carbonaceous coating was formed over the pores. The permeability of the porous alumina was then measured using a pressure/flow apparatus. A finite element code with adjustable slip boundary conditions was used to model transport through the alumina. In the absence of a carbonaceous material, transport was well described by diffuse reflection at the wall. When a carbon nanotubule was present, however, a tangential-momentum accommodation coefficient, σv, of 0.52 ± 0.1 was predicted for argon, nitrogen, and oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
N1  - Accession Number: 12266769; Cooper S. M. 1 Cruden B. A. 1 Meyyappan M. 1 Raju R. 1 Roy S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p377; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith Jr, J.G.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
AU  - Delozier, D.M.
AU  - Lillehei, P.T.
AU  - Watson, K.A.
AU  - Lin, Y.
AU  - Zhou, B.
AU  - Sun, Y.-P.
T1  - Space durable polymer/carbon nanotube films for electrostatic charge mitigation
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 825
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Low color, flexible, space environmentally durable polymeric materials possessing sufficient surface resistivity (106–1010 Ω/square) for electrostatic charge (ESC) mitigation are of interest for potential applications on Gossamer spacecraft as thin film membranes on antennas, large lightweight space optics, and second surface mirrors. One method of incorporating intrinsic ESC mitigation while maintaining low color, flexibility, and optical clarity is through the utilization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, SWNTs are difficult to uniformly disperse in the polymer matrix. The approach reported herein employed amide acid polymers endcapped with alkoxysilane groups that could condense with oxygen containing functionalities that were present on the ends of SWNTs as a result of the oxidative purification treatment. These SWNTs were combined with the endcapped amide acid polymers in solution and subsequently cast as unoriented thin films. Two examples possessed electrical conductivity (measured as surface resistance and surface resistivity) sufficient for ESC mitigation at loading levels of ≤0.08 wt% SWNT as well as good retention of thermo-optical properties. The percolation threshold was determined to lie between 0.03 and 0.04 wt% SWNT loading. Electrical conductivity of the film remained unaffected even after harsh mechanical manipulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - THIN films
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Colorless polyimides
KW  - Nanocomposites
N1  - Accession Number: 11882980; Smith Jr, J.G. 1 Connell, J.W. 1; Email Address: j.w.connell@larc.nasa.gov Delozier, D.M. 1 Lillehei, P.T. 1 Watson, K.A. 2 Lin, Y. 3 Zhou, B. 3 Sun, Y.-P. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Research Associate, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Howard L. Hunter Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p825; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: THIN films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Colorless polyimides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposites; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.11.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lucia, David J.
AU  - Beran, Philip S.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Reduced-order modeling: new approaches for computational physics
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2004/02//
VL  - 40
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
SN  - 03760421
AB  - In this paper, we review the development of new reduced-order modeling techniques and discuss their applicability to various problems in computational physics. Emphasis is given to methods based on Volterra series representations, the proper orthogonal decomposition, and harmonic balance. Results are reported for different nonlinear systems to provide clear examples of the construction and use of reduced-order models (ROMs), particularly in the multi-disciplinary field of computational aeroelasticity. Unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic behaviors of two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometries are described. Large increases in computational efficiency are obtained through the use of ROMs, thereby justifying the initial computational expense of constructing these models and motivating their use for multi-disciplinary design analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - VOLTERRA series
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - Galerkin projection
KW  - Harmonic balance
KW  - Proper orthogonal decomposition
KW  - Reduced-order modeling
KW  - Volterra series
N1  - Accession Number: 12376310; Lucia, David J. 1; Email Address: david.lucia@wpafb.af.mil Beran, Philip S. 2; Email Address: philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil Silva, Walter A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Air Force Research Laboratory, 2130 Eight Street, Suite 1, Building 45, WPAFB, OH 45433-7542, USA  2: AFRL/VASD, Bldg 146, 2210 Eighth Street, WPAFB, OH 45433-7531, USA  3: Aeroelasticity Branch, Mail Stop 340, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 40 Issue 1/2, p51; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: VOLTERRA series; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galerkin projection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmonic balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proper orthogonal decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced-order modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volterra series; Number of Pages: 67p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2003.12.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, William G.
AU  - Rosenfeld, John H.
AU  - Angirasa, Devarakonda
AU  - Mi, Ye
T1  - Evaluation of Heat Pipe Working Fluids In The Temperature Range 450 to 700 K.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 27
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In the temperature range of 450–700 K, there are currently no working fluids that have been validated for heat pipes and loop heat pipes, with the exception of water in the lower portion of the range. This paper reviews a number of potential working fluid including several organic fluids, mercury, sulfur/iodine, and halides. Physical property data are used where available, and estimated where unavailable using standard methods. The halide salts appear to possess attractive properties, with good liquid transport factors, and suitable vapor pressures. Where nuclear radiation is not a consideration, other potential working fluids are aniline, naphthalene, toluene, and phenol. The limited available life test data available suggests that toluene, naphthalene, and some of the halides are compatible with stainless steel, while the other fluids have not been tested. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - WORKING fluids
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - HALIDES
KW  - MERCURY
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270778; Anderson, William G. 1; Email Address: Bill.Anderson@I-ACT.com Rosenfeld, John H. 2 Angirasa, Devarakonda 3 Mi, Ye 4; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Cooling Technologies, Lancaster, PA  2: Thermacore Inc., Lancaster, PA  3: SEST/NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  4: En'Urga, Lafayette, IN; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p20; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: WORKING fluids; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: HALIDES; Subject Term: MERCURY; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649553
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaworske, Donald A.
T1  - A Review of Textured Surfaces, Paints, and Coatings for Space Radiator Applications.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 75
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Future space nuclear power systems will require large radiators to dissipate excess thermal energy. Such radiators may be composed of carbon-carbon composite fins made from high thermal conductivity graphite fibers or may be a more traditional honeycomb structure with face sheets composed of a suitable high temperature metal. In either case, the surface of the radiator must have a high emittance at the desired operating temperature, envisioned to be in the range of 400 to 900 K, and must be durable for the length of the mission, envisioned to be ten years. Existing thermal control paints and coatings may be applicable at the low end of the envisioned temperature range, but may not be applicable at elevated temperatures. Hence, other avenues of emittance enhancement need to be explored. Previous work has identified a number of promising technologies that may be useful for enhancing the emittance of candidate surfaces, including texturing the radiator surface via sand blasting, oxidation at elevated temperature, and exposure to atomic oxygen. This paper will review existing candidate thermal control paints and coatings to identify their strengths and weaknesses and will review other promising technologies that have been proposed in the past few years to enhance the emittance of radiator surfaces. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Radiators
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - NUCLEAR powered space vehicles
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270772; Jaworske, Donald A. 1; Email Address: Donald.A.Jaworske@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p71; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Radiators; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: NUCLEAR powered space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649559
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270772&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosenfeld, John H.
AU  - Ernst, Donald M.
AU  - Lindemuth, James E.
AU  - Sanzi, James L.
AU  - Geng, Steven M.
AU  - Zuo, Jon
T1  - An Overview of Long Duration Sodium Heat Pipe Tests.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 147
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - High temperature heat pipes are being evaluated for use in energy conversion applications such as fuel cells, gas turbine re-combustors, and Stirling cycle heat sources; with the resurgence of space nuclear power, additional applications include reactor heat removal elements and radiator elements. Long operating life and reliable performance are critical requirements for these applications. Accordingly long-term materials compatibility is being evaluated through the use of high temperature life test heat pipes. Thermacore, Inc. has carried out several sodium heat pipe life tests to establish long term operating reliability. Four sodium heat pipes have recently demonstrated favorable materials compatibility and heat transport characteristics at high operating temperatures in air over long time periods. A 316L stainless steel heat pipe with a sintered porous nickel wick structure and an integral brazed cartridge heater has successfully operated at 650C to 700C for over 115,000 hours without signs of failure. A second 316L stainless steel heat pipe with a specially-designed Inconel 601 rupture disk and a sintered nickel powder wick has demonstrated over 83,000 hours at 600C to 650C with similar success. A representative one-tenth segment Stirling Space Power Converter heat pipe with an Inconel 718 envelope and a stainless steel screen wick has operated for over 41,000 hours at nearly 700C. A hybrid (i.e. gas-fired and solar) heat pipe with a Haynes 230 envelope and a sintered porous nickel wick structure was operated for about 20,000 hours at nearly 700C without signs of degradation. These life test results collectively have demonstrated the potential for high temperature heat pipes to serve as reliable energy conversion system components for power applications that require long operating lifetime with high reliability. Detailed design specifications, operating history, and test results are described for each of these sodium heat pipes. Lessons learned and future life test plans are also discussed. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SODIUM
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - ENERGY conversion
KW  - FUEL cells
KW  - STIRLING engines
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270763; Rosenfeld, John H. 1; Email Address: j.h.rosenfeld@thermacore.com Ernst, Donald M. 1 Lindemuth, James E. 1 Sanzi, James L. 1 Geng, Steven M. 2 Zuo, Jon 3; Affiliation:  1: Thermacore International Inc., Lancaster, PA, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Advanced Cooling Technologies Inc., Lancaster, PA, USa; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p140; Subject Term: SODIUM; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: ENERGY conversion; Subject Term: FUEL cells; Subject Term: STIRLING engines; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649568
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270763&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fiehler, Douglas
AU  - Oleson, Steven
T1  - Mission Steering Profiles of Outer Planetary Orbiters Using Radioisotope Electric Propulsion.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 248
EP  - 255
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Radioisotope Electric Propulsion (REP) has the potential to enable small spacecraft to orbit outer planetary targets with trip times comparable to flyby missions. The ability to transition from a flyby to an orbiter mission lies in the availability of continuous low power electric propulsion along the entire trajectory. The electric propulsion system’s role is to add and remove energy from the spacecraft’s trajectory to bring it in and out of a heliocentric hyperbolic escape trajectory for the outermost target bodies. Energy is added and the trajectory is reshaped to rendezvous with the closer-in target bodies. Sample REP trajectories will be presented for missions ranging for distances from Jupiter orbit to the Pluto-Kuiper Belt. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 12270750; Fiehler, Douglas 1; Email Address: Douglas.I.Fiehler@grc.nasa.gov Oleson, Steven 2; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p248; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649581
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270750&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roach, Pat R.
AU  - Kittel, Peter
AU  - Feller, Jeff
AU  - Helvensteijn, Ben
T1  - Thermal Isolator with Strong Mechanical Support for a Radioisotope Heating Unit.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 264
EP  - 269
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We have developed a suspension system using pre-tensioned titanium alloy wires to support a 1 Watt Radioisotope Heating Unit (RHU) for a mission to Mars. This suspension is very strong in all directions and has quite low thermal conduction between the RHU and its colder surroundings. This will allow the RHU to operate at 250 °C for generating electrical power from an attached thermoelectric converter (TEC) after surviving multiple 300 G impacts on the Martian surface. We have tested the suspension under impact loads that have the same duration as the impacts expected from the air-bag cushions planned for the Mars mission. The suspension survives impacts of 500 G with the RHU canister at room temperature and at 250 °C. We calculate that with the RHU at 250 °C there will be only 86 mW of heat conducted through the support structure. This design in intended for use with multilayer insulation in a good vacuum. We estimate that the conduction through such insulation would be 75 mW. This leaves more than 800 mW of the heat from the RHU to flow through the TEC, yielding more than 40 mW of electrical power. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - HEATING -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 12270748; Roach, Pat R. 1; Email Address: pat.r.roach@nasa.gov Kittel, Peter 1 Feller, Jeff 1 Helvensteijn, Ben 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Atlas Scientific, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p264; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: HEATING -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423730 Warm Air Heating and Air-Conditioning Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416120 Plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649583
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270748&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilland, James
AU  - Williams, Craig
AU  - Mikellides, Ioannis
AU  - Mikellides, Pavlos
AU  - Marriott, Darin
T1  - Multi-Megawatt MPD Plasma Source Operation and Modeling for Fusion Propulsion Simulations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 336
EP  - 346
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The expansion of a high temperature fusion plasma through an expanding magnetic field is a process common to most fusion propulsion concepts. The efficiency of this process has a strong bearing on the overall performance of fusion propulsion. In order to simulate the expansion of a fusion plasma, a concept has been developed in which a high velocity plasma is first stagnated in a converging magnetic field to high (100’s of eV) temperatures, then expanded though a converging/diverging magnetic nozzle. A Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) plasma accelerator has been constructed to generate the initial high velocity plasma and is currently undergoing characterization at the Ohio State University. The device has been operated with currents up to 300 kA and power levels up to 200 MWe. The source is powered by a 1.6 MJ, 1.6 ms pulse-forming-network. In addition to experimental tests of the accelerator, computational and theoretical modeling of both the accelerator and the plasma stagnation have been performed using the MACH2 MHD code. Insights into plasma compression and attachment to magnetic field lines have led to recommended design improvements in the facility and to preliminary predictions of nozzle performance. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - NUCLEAR fusion
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - SPACE simulators
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270740; Gilland, James 1; Email Address: James.H.Gilland@grc.nasa.gov Williams, Craig 2 Mikellides, Ioannis 3 Mikellides, Pavlos 4 Marriott, Darin 5; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brokpark, OH  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brookpark, OH  3: SAIC, San Diego, CA  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ  5: Department of Aerospace Engineering and Aviation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p336; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: NUCLEAR fusion; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: SPACE simulators; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649591
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270740&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juhasz, Albert J.
AU  - Sawicki, Jerzy T.
T1  - High Temperature Fusion Reactor Cooling Using Brayton Cycle Based Partial Energy Conversion.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 347
EP  - 353
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - For some future space power systems using high temperature nuclear heat sources most of the output energy will be used in other than electrical form, and only a fraction of the total thermal energy generated will need to be converted to electrical work. The paper describes the conceptual design of such a “partial energy conversion” system, consisting of a high temperature fusion reactor operating in series with a high temperature radiator and in parallel with dual closed cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power systems, also referred to as closed Brayton cycle (CBC) systems, which are supplied with a fraction of the reactor thermal energy for conversion to electric power. Most of the fusion reactor’s output is in the form of charged plasma which is expanded through a magnetic nozzle of the interplanetary propulsion system. Reactor heat energy is ducted to the high temperature series radiator utilizing the electric power generated to drive a helium gas circulation fan. In addition to discussing the thermodynamic aspects of the system design the authors include a brief overview of the gas turbine and fan rotor-dynamics and proposed bearing support technology along with performance characteristics of the three phase AC electric power generator and fan drive motor. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FUSION reactors
KW  - COOLING
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - ENERGY conversion
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270739; Juhasz, Albert J. 1; Email Address: Ajuhasz@grc.nasa.gov Sawicki, Jerzy T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p347; Subject Term: FUSION reactors; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Subject Term: ENERGY conversion; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649592
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270739&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LaPointe, Michael R.
AU  - Pencil, Eric J.
T1  - NASA GRC High Power Electromagnetic Thruster Program.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 388
EP  - 398
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Interest in high power electromagnetic propulsion has been revived to support a variety of future space missions, such as platform maneuvering in low earth orbit, cost-effective cargo transport to lunar and Mars bases, asteroid and outer planet sample return, deep space robotic exploration, and piloted missions to Mars and the outer planets. Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters have demonstrated, at the laboratory level, the capacity to process megawatts of electrical power while providing higher thrust densities than current electric propulsion systems. The ability to generate higher thrust densities permits a reduction in the number of thrusters required to perform a given mission and alleviates the system complexity associated with multiple thruster arrays. The specific impulse of an MPD thruster can be optimized to meet given mission requirements, from a few thousand seconds with heavier gas propellants up to 10,000 seconds with hydrogen propellant. In support of NASA space science and human exploration strategic initiatives, Glenn Research Center is developing and testing pulsed, MW-class MPD thrusters as a prelude to long-duration high power thruster tests. The research effort includes numerical modeling of self-field and applied-field MPD thrusters and experimental testing of quasi-steady MW-class MPD thrusters in a high power pulsed thruster facility. This paper provides an overview of the GRC high power electromagnetic thruster program and the pulsed thruster test facility. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKET engines -- Thrust
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 12270734; LaPointe, Michael R. 1; Email Address: Michael.LaPointe@grc.nasa.gov Pencil, Eric J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p388; Subject Term: ROCKET engines -- Thrust; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649597
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270734&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thieme, Lanny G.
AU  - Schreiber, Jeffrey G.
T1  - Advanced Technology Development for Stirling Convertors.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 432
EP  - 439
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A high-efficiency Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG) for use on potential NASA Space Science missions is being developed by the Department of Energy, Lockheed Martin, Stirling Technology Company, and NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). These missions may include providing spacecraft onboard electric power for deep space missions or power for unmanned Mars rovers. GRC is also developing advanced technology for Stirling convertors, aimed at substantially improving the specific power and efficiency of the convertor and the overall power system. Performance and mass improvement goals have been established for second- and third-generation Stirling radioisotope power systems. Multiple efforts are underway to achieve these goals, both in-house at GRC and under various grants and contracts. The status and results to date for these efforts will be discussed in this paper. Cleveland State University (CSU) is developing a multi-dimensional Stirling computational fluid dynamics code, capable of modeling complete convertors. A 2-D version of the code is now operational, and validation efforts at both CSU and the University of Minnesota are complementing the code development. A screening of advanced superalloy, refractory metal alloy, and ceramic materials has been completed, and materials have been selected for creep and joining characterization as part of developing a high-temperature heater head. A breadboard characterization is underway for an advanced controller using power electronics for active power factor control with a goal of eliminating the heavy tuning capacitors that are typically needed to achieve near unity power factors. Key Stirling developments just initiated under recent NRA (NASA Research Announcement) awards will also be discussed. These include a lightweight convertor to be developed by Sunpower Inc. and an advanced microfabricated regenerator to be done by CSU. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STIRLING engines
KW  - CASCADE converters
KW  - RADIONUCLIDE generators
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270728; Thieme, Lanny G. 1; Email Address: Lanny.G.Thienne@nasa.gov Schreiber, Jeffrey G. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.G.Schreiber@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p432; Subject Term: STIRLING engines; Subject Term: CASCADE converters; Subject Term: RADIONUCLIDE generators; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649603
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barrett, Michael J.
AU  - Reid, Bryan M.
T1  - System Mass Variation and Entropy Generation in 100-kWe Closed-Brayton-Cycle Space Power Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 452
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - State-of-the-art closed-Brayton-cycle (CBC) space power systems were modeled to study performance trends in a trade space characteristic of interplanetary orbiters. For working-fluid molar masses of 48.6, 39.9 and 11.9 kg/kmol, peak system pressures of 1.38 and 3.0 MPa and compressor pressure ratios ranging from 1.6 to 2.4, total system masses were estimated. System mass increased as peak operating pressure increased for all compressor pressure ratios and molar mass values examined. Minimum mass point comparison between 72% He at 1.38 MPa peak and 94% He at 3.0 MPa peak showed an increase in system mass of 14%. Converter flow loop entropy generation rates were calculated for 1.38 and 3.0 MPa peak pressure cases. Physical system behavior was approximated using a pedigreed NASA-Glenn modeling code, Closed Cycle Engine Program (CCEP), which included realistic performance prediction for heat exchangers, radiators and turbomachinery. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - ELECTRIC power systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270726; Barrett, Michael J. 1; Email Address: Michael.J.Barrett@nasa.gov Reid, Bryan M. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Power and On-Board Propulsion Technology Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p445; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649605
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270726&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kimnach, Greg L.
AU  - Soltis, James V.
T1  - Power Management and Distribution Trades Studies for a Deep-space Mission Scientific Spacecraft.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 590
EP  - 597
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - As part of NASA’s Project Prometheus, the Nuclear Systems Program, NASA GRC performed trade studies on the various Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) options for a deep-space scientific spacecraft, which would have a nominal electrical power requirement of 100 kWe. These options included AC (1000Hz and 1500Hz) and DC primary distribution at various voltages. The distribution system efficiency, reliability, mass, thermal, corona, space radiation levels, and technology readiness of devices and components were considered. The final proposed system consisted of two independent power distribution channels, sourced by two 3-phase, 110 kVA alternators nominally operating at half-rated power. Each alternator nominally supplies 50 kWe to one-half of the ion thrusters and science modules, but is capable of supplying the total power requirements in the event of loss of one alternator. This paper is an introduction to the methodology for the trades done to arrive at the proposed PMAD architecture. Any opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Project Prometheus. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270711; Kimnach, Greg L. 1; Email Address: Greg.L.Kimnach@NASA.GOV Soltis, James V. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p590; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649620
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270711&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stankovic, A.V.
AU  - Birchenough, A.G.
AU  - Kenny, B.
AU  - Kimnach, G.
T1  - Modeling of an AC Power System for High Power Spacecraft.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 598
EP  - 605
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents an analysis and simulation of an AC power system for a high power spacecraft that primarily supplies rectified loads. Two different configurations consisting of a three-phase PM synchronous generator and an associated power electronics converter are compared and analyzed. The first configuration consists of a three-phase PM synchronous generator and a three-phase diode bridge supplying a DC load. The second configuration consists of a three-phase PM synchronous generator and a three-phase PWM rectifier supplying the DC load. The modeling equations for both systems are derived. The comparisons between the two different configurations are summarized in a table in terms of efficiency, harmonic content and DC voltage ripple. The simulation results obtained by using SIMULINK are presented. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC generators -- Alternating current
KW  - POWER electronics
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment
KW  - ELECTRIC current converters
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270710; Stankovic, A.V. 1; Email Address: a.stankovic@csuohio.edu Birchenough, A.G. 2 Kenny, B. 2 Kimnach, G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH  2: NASA-glenn Research Center, Cleveland OH; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p598; Subject Term: ELECTRIC generators -- Alternating current; Subject Term: POWER electronics; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment; Subject Term: ELECTRIC current converters; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649621
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270710&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Birchenough, Arthur G.
T1  - A High Efficiency DC Bus Regulator / RPC for Spacecraft Applications.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 606
EP  - 613
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - DC bus voltage regulation may be required in future high powered spacecraft due to the length of the busses or because they are not generated at precise voltage levels. In these cases the regulation range is often only a few percent increase or decrease, but conventional DC voltage regulators switch all the power passing through them, and this level of power switched determines the size and losses in the regulator. A recently developed concept uses a low power DC-DC converter in series with the bus to raise or lower the bus voltage over a small range. This partial power processing technique combines the small size and power losses of the low power converter with the ability to regulate, (over a small range) a high power bus. The Series Connected Buck Boost Regulator (SCBBR) described herein provides bus regulation with an efficiency of 98%. The circuit also provides bus switching and overcurrent limiting functions of a Remote Power Controller (RPC). This paper describes the circuit design and performance of a breadboard SCBBR configured as a bus voltage regulator providing +/- 40% voltage regulation range, bus switching, and overload limiting. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLTAGE regulators
KW  - BUS conductors (Electricity)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment
KW  - REMOTE control
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270709; Birchenough, Arthur G. 1; Email Address: a.birchenough@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Power and On-Board  Propulsion Technology Division, NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p606; Subject Term: VOLTAGE regulators; Subject Term: BUS conductors (Electricity); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment; Subject Term: REMOTE control; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335315 Switchgear and switchboard, and relay and industrial control apparatus manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649622
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270709&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Dyke, Melissa
T1  - Early Flight Fission Test Facilities (EFF-TF) To Support Near-Term Space Fission Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 713
EP  - 719
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Through hardware based design and testing, the EFF-TF investigates fission power and propulsion component, subsystems, and integrated system design and performance. Through demonstration of systems concepts (designed by Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories) in relevant environments, previous non-nuclear tests in the EFF-TF have proven to be a highly effective method (from both cost and performance standpoint) to identify and resolve integration issues. Ongoing research at the EFF-TF is geared towards facilitating research, development, system integration, and system utilization via cooperative efforts with DOE labs, industry, universities, and other NASA centers. This paper describes the current efforts for 2003. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - NUCLEAR fission
KW  - TESTING laboratories
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270697; Van Dyke, Melissa 1; Email Address: Melissa.Vandyke@msfc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p713; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fission; Subject Term: TESTING laboratories; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621511 Medical Laboratories; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649634
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270697&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stinson-Bagby, Kelly L.
AU  - Fielder, Robert S.
AU  - Van Dyke, Meissa K.
AU  - Wong, Wayne A.
T1  - Realistic Testing of the Safe Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE-100) Thermal Simulator Using Fiber Bragg Gratings.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 749
EP  - 756
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The motivation for the reported research was to support NASA space nuclear power initiatives through the development of advanced fiber optic sensors for space-based nuclear power applications. Distributed high temperature measurements were made with 20 FBG temperature sensors installed in the SAFE-100 thermal simulator at the NASA Marshal Space Flight Center. Experiments were performed at temperatures approaching 800°C and 1150°C for characterization studies of the SAFE-100 core. Temperature profiles were successfully generated for the core during temperature increases and decreases. Related tests in the SAFE-100 successfully provided strain measurement data. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR fission
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - SPACE simulators
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - OPTICAL fiber detectors
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12270692; Stinson-Bagby, Kelly L. 1; Email Address: bagbyk@lunainnovations.com Fielder, Robert S. 1 Van Dyke, Meissa K. 2 Wong, Wayne A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Luna Innovations, Inc., Blacksburg, VA  2: NASA Marshal Space Flight Center,  Huntsville, AL, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p749; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fission; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: SPACE simulators; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: OPTICAL fiber detectors; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649639
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270692&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bowman, Randy
AU  - Ritzert, Frank
AU  - Freedman, Marc
T1  - Evaluation of Candidate Materials for a High-Temperature Stirling Convertor Heater Head.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 828
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Department of Energy (DOE) and NASA have identified Stirling Radioisotope Generators (SRG) as a candidate power system for use on long-duration, deep-space science missions and Mars rovers. One of the developments planned for an upgraded version of the current SRG design is to achieve higher efficiency by increasing the overall operating temperature of the system. Currently, the SRG operates with a heater head temperature of 650 °C and is fabricated from the nickel base superalloy 718. This temperature is at the limit of Alloy 718’s capability, and any planned increase in temperature will be contingent on identifying a more capable material from which to fabricate the heater head. To this end, an assessment of material candidates was performed assuming a range of heater head temperatures. The chosen alternative material candidates will be discussed, along with the development efforts needed to ensure that these materials can meet the demanding system requirements of long-duration operation in hostile environments. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE heaters
KW  - RADIONUCLIDE generators
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - RADIATION sources
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 12270684; Bowman, Randy 1; Email Address: randy.r.bowman@nasa.gov Ritzert, Frank 1 Freedman, Marc 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p821; Subject Term: SPACE heaters; Subject Term: RADIONUCLIDE generators; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: RADIATION sources; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335210 Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649647
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270684&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cohen, Marc M.
T1  - Mobile Lunar Base Concepts.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 845
EP  - 853
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper describes three innovative concepts for a mobile lunar base. These concept combine design research for habitat architecture, mobility systems, habitability, radiation protection, human factors, and living and working environments on the lunar surface. The mobile lunar base presents several key advantages over conventional static base notions. These advantages concern landing zone safety, the requirement to move modules over the lunar surface, and the ability to stage mobile reconnaissance with effective systemic redundancy. All of these concerns lead to the consideration of a mobile walking habitat module and base design. The key issues involve landing zone safety, the ability to transport habitat modules across the surface, and providing reliability and redundancy to exploration traverses in pressurized vehicles. With self-ambulating lunar base modules, it will be feasible to have each module separate itself from its retro-rocket thruster unit, and walk five to ten km away from the LZ to a pre-selected site. These mobile modules can operate in an autonomous or teleoperated mode to navigate the lunar surface. At the site of the base, the mobile modules can combine together; make pressure port connections among themselves, to create a multi-module pressurized lunar base. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR bases
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL bases
KW  - LIFE support systems (Space environment)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 12270682; Cohen, Marc M. 1; Email Address: Marc.m.cohen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Projects Branch, Space Projects Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p845; Subject Term: LUNAR bases; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL bases; Subject Term: LIFE support systems (Space environment); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649649
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270682&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhasin, Kul
AU  - Hayden, Jeffrey L.
T1  - Evolutionary Space Communications Architectures for Human/Robotic Exploration and Science Missions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 893
EP  - 904
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - NASA enterprises have growing needs for an advanced, integrated, communications infrastructure that will satisfy the capabilities needed for multiple human, robotic and scientific missions beyond 2015. Furthermore, the reliable, multipoint infrastructure is required to provide continuous, maximum coverage of areas of concentrated activities, such as around Earth and in the vicinity of the Moon or Mars, with access made available on demand of the human or robotic user. As a first step, the definitions of NASA’s future space communications and networking architectures are underway. Architectures that describe the communications and networking needed between the nodal regions consisting of Earth, Moon, Lagrange points, Mars, and the places of interest within the inner and outer solar system have been laid out. These architectures will need the modular flexibility that must be included in the communication and networking technologies to enable the infrastructure to grow in capability with time and to transform from supporting robotic missions in the solar system to supporting human ventures to Mars, Jupiter, Jupiter’s moons, and beyond. The protocol-based networking capability seamlessly connects the backbone, access, inter-spacecraft and proximity network elements of the architectures employed in the infrastructure. In this paper, we present the summary of NASA’s near and long term needs and capability requirements that were gathered by participative methods. We describe an integrated architecture concept and model that will enable communications for evolutionary robotic and human science missions. We then define the communication nodes, their requirements, and various options to connect them. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE robotics
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 12270677; Bhasin, Kul 1; Email Address: Kul.B.Bhasin@nasa.gov Hayden, Jeffrey L. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautical and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, USA  2: Glenn Research Center/Prescipoint Solutions, L.L.C.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p893; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649654
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270677&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Schimmerling, W.
T1  - Emerging Radiation Health-Risk Mitigation Technologies.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/04/
VL  - 699
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 913
EP  - 924
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Past space missions beyond the confines of the Earth’s protective magnetic field have been of short duration and protection from the effects of solar particle events was of primary concern. The extension of operational infrastructure beyond low-Earth orbit to enable routine access to more interesting regions of space will require protection from the hazards of the accumulated exposures of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR). There are significant challenges in providing protection from the long-duration exposure to GCR: the human risks to the exposures are highly uncertain and safety requirements places unreasonable demands in supplying sufficient shielding materials in the design. A vigorous approach to future radiation health-risk mitigation requires a triage of techniques (using biological and technical factors) and reduction of the uncertainty in radiation risk models. The present paper discusses the triage of factors for risk mitigation with associated materials issues and engineering design methods. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION -- Physiological effect
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 12270675; Wilson, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.wilson@larc.nasa.gov Cucinotta, F.A. 2 Schimmerling, W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  3: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 699 Issue 1, p913; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649656
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12270675&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gillespie, T.W.
AU  - Brock, J.
AU  - Wright, C.W.
T1  - Prospects for quantifying structure, floristic composition and species richness of tropical forests.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/02/20/
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 707
EP  - 715
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Airborne spectral and light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors have been used to quantify biophysical characteristics of tropical forests. Lidar sensors have provided high-resolution data on forest height, canopy topography, volume, and gap size; and provided estimates on number of strata in a forest, successional status of forests, and above-ground biomass. Spectral sensors have provided data on vegetation types, foliar biochemistry content of forest canopies, tree and canopy phenology, and spectral signatures for selected tree species. A number of advances are theoretically possible with individual and combined spectral and lidar sensors for the study of forest structure, floristic composition and species richness. Delineating individual canopies of over-storey trees with small footprint lidar and discrimination of tree architectural types with waveform distributions is possible and would provide scientists with a new method to study tropical forest structure. Combined spectral and lidar data can be used to identify selected tree species and identify the successional status of tropical forest fragments in order to rank forest patches by levels of species richness. It should be possible in the near future to quantify selected patterns of tropical forests at a higher resolution than can currently be undertaken in the field or from space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - BIOMASS estimation
KW  - PLANT diversity
KW  - REMOTE sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 11900956; Gillespie, T.W. 1; Email Address: tg@geog.ucla.edu Brock, J. 2; Email Address: jbrock@usgs.gov Wright, C.W. 3; Email Address: wright@osb.wff.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, University of California Los Angeles  2: United States Geological Survey, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center Wallops Flight Facility, USA; Source Info: 2/20/2004, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p707; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: BIOMASS estimation; Subject Term: PLANT diversity; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160310001598917
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11900956&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guild, L.S.
AU  - Cohen, W.B.
AU  - Kauffman, J.B.
T1  - Detection of deforestation and land conversion in Rondônia, Brazil using change detection techniques.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/02/20/
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 731
EP  - 750
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Fires associated with tropical deforestation, land conversion and land use greatly contribute to emissions as well as the depletion of carbon and nutrient pools. The objective of this research was to compare change detection techniques for identifying deforestation and cattle pasture formation during a period of early colonization and agricultural expansion in the vicinity of Jamari, Rondônia. Multi-date Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data between 1984 and 1992 were examined in a 94 370 ha area of active deforestation to map land cover change. The tasselled cap (TC) transformation was used to enhance the contrast between forest, cleared areas and regrowth. TC images were stacked into a composite multi-date TC and used in a principal components (PC) transformation to identify change components. In addition, consecutive TC image pairs were differenced and stacked into a composite multi-date differenced image. A maximum likelihood classification of each image composite was compared for identification of land cover change. The multi-date TC composite classification had the best accuracy of 0.78 (kappa). By 1984, only 5% of the study area had been cleared, but by 1992, 11% of the area had been deforested, primarily for pasture, and 7% lost due to hydroelectric dam flooding. Finally, discrimination of pasture versus cultivation was improved due to the ability to detect land under sustained clearing opposed to land exhibiting regrowth with infrequent clearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORESTATION
KW  - PASTURES
KW  - COLONIZATION (Ecology)
KW  - LAND use
KW  - RONDONIA (Brazil : State)
KW  - BRAZIL
N1  - Accession Number: 11900948; Guild, L.S. 1; Email Address: lguild@gaia.arc.nasa.gov Cohen, W.B. 2 Kauffman, J.B. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  2: Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, USA  3: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, USA; Source Info: 2/20/2004, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p731; Subject Term: DEFORESTATION; Subject Term: PASTURES; Subject Term: COLONIZATION (Ecology); Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: RONDONIA (Brazil : State); Subject Term: BRAZIL; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160310001598935
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11900948&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pizzarello, Sandra
AU  - Weber, Arthur L.
T1  - Prebiotic Amino Acids as Asymmetric Catalysts.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/02/20/
VL  - 303
IS  - 5661
M3  - Article
SP  - 1151
EP  - 1151
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The exogenous delivery of asteroidal material is observed today and undoubtedly has showered the Earth through its prior history. Because carbonaceous meteorites contain amino acids displaying asymmetry that, if not as extensive, has the same sign as terrestrial amino acids, it is reasonable to ask whether these chiral compounds, acquired upon delivery to the early Earth, could have played a role in the origin of homochirality by transferring their asymmetry to other pre-biotic building blocks, such as sugars. To assess this possibility, researchers have examined the catalytic influence of two non-racemic amino acids, alanine and isovaline, on a water-based pre-biotic model of sugar syntheses from glycolaldehyde and formaldehyde. Alanine is a common protein amino acid and isovaline is the most abundant chiral amino acid in meteorites. Results show a catalytic asymmetric effect.
KW  - Amino acid chelates
KW  - Catalysis
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Asymmetry (Chemistry)
KW  - Tartaric acid
KW  - Earth (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 12390780; Pizzarello, Sandra 1; Weber, Arthur L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA.; 2: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-stop 239-4, Moffet Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Issue Info: 2/20/2004, Vol. 303 Issue 5661, p1151; Thesaurus Term: Amino acid chelates; Thesaurus Term: Catalysis; Subject Term: Amino acids; Subject Term: Asymmetry (Chemistry); Subject Term: Tartaric acid; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 996
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Canzian, Adrián
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Surface alloying of Pd on Cu(1 1 1)
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2004/02/20/
VL  - 551
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
SN  - 00396028
AB  - A modeling analysis of the growth mode of submonolayer amounts of Pd on Cu(1 1 1) for different coverages and temperatures reproduces the known experimental behavior, including the formation of a surface alloy, the presence of subsurface Pd, formation of Pd bands off terrace steps, and weak short range surface ordering. An atom-by-atom analysis of the energetics using the BFS method for alloys provides a simple explanation of the underlying mechanisms leading to the observed behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - PALLADIUM
KW  - COPPER
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - Adatoms
KW  - Alloys
KW  - and topography
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Copper
KW  - morphology
KW  - Palladium
KW  - roughness
KW  - Semi-empirical models and model calculations
KW  - Surface structure
N1  - Accession Number: 12170532; Canzian, Adrián 1 Mosca, Hugo O. 2 Bozzolo, Guillermo 3,4; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Facultad Regional Gral. Pacheco, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, H. Irigoyen 288, (B1617FRP) Gral. Pacheco, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina  2: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, UAM, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martín, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 551 Issue 1/2, p9; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: and topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium; Author-Supplied Keyword: roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical models and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2003.12.044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12170532&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rauch, Erik M.
AU  - Millonas, Mark M.
T1  - The role of trans-membrane signal transduction in turing-type cellular pattern formation
JO  - Journal of Theoretical Biology
JF  - Journal of Theoretical Biology
Y1  - 2004/02/21/
VL  - 226
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 401
SN  - 00225193
AB  - The Turing mechanism (Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 237 (1952) 37) for the production of a broken spatial symmetry in an initially homogeneous system of reacting and diffusing substances has attracted much interest as a potential model for certain aspects of morphogenesis (Models of Biological Pattern Formation, Academic Press, London, 1982; Nature 376 (1995) 765) such as pre-patterning in the embryo. The two features necessary for the formation of Turing patterns are short-range autocatalysis and long-range inhibition (Kybernetik 12 (1972) 30) which usually only occur when the diffusion rate of the inhibitor is significantly greater than that of the activator. This observation has sometimes been used to cast doubt on applicability of the Turing mechanism to cellular patterning since many messenger molecules that diffuse between cells do so at more-or-less similar rates. Here we show that Turing-type patterns will be able to robustly form under a wide variety of realistic physiological conditions though plausible mechanisms of intra-cellular chemical communication without relying on differences in diffusion rates. In the mechanism we propose, reactions occur within cells. Signal transduction leads to the production of messenger molecules, which diffuse between cells at approximately equal rates, coupling the reactions occurring in different cells. These mechanisms also suggest how this process can be controlled in a rather precise way by the genetic machinery of the cell. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Theoretical Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MORPHOGENESIS
KW  - CELLS
KW  - GENETICS
KW  - Morphogen
KW  - Morphogenesis
KW  - Pattern formation
KW  - Reaction-diffusion
KW  - Signal transduction
KW  - Turing pattern
N1  - Accession Number: 12100540; Rauch, Erik M. 1; Email Address: rauch@ai.mit.edu Millonas, Mark M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 200 Technology Square, Room 434, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 226 Issue 4, p401; Subject Term: MORPHOGENESIS; Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: GENETICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pattern formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction-diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal transduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turing pattern; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jtbi.2003.09.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12100540&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez-Gomez, David
AU  - Darve, Eric
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
T1  - Assessing the efficiency of free energy calculation methods.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2004/02/22/
VL  - 120
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3563
EP  - 3578
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The efficiencies of two recently developed methods for calculating free energy changes along a generalized coordinate in a system are discussed in the context of other, related approaches. One method is based on Jarzynski’s identity [Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2690 (1997)]. The second method relies on thermodynamic integration of the average force and is called the adaptive biasing force method [Darve and Pohorille, J. Chem. Phys. 115, 9169 (2001)]. Both methods are designed such that the system evolves along the chosen coordinate(s) without experiencing free energy barriers and they require calculating the instantaneous, unconstrained force acting on this coordinate using the formula derived by Darve and Pohorille. Efficiencies are analyzed by comparing analytical estimates of statistical errors and by considering two numerical examples—internal rotation of hydrated 1,2-dichloroethane and transfer of fluoromethane across a water-hexane interface. The efficiencies of both methods are approximately equal in the first but not in the second case. During transfer of fluoromethane the system is easily driven away from equilibrium and, therefore, the performance of the method based on Jarzynski’s identity is poor. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GIBBS' free energy
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - MOLECULAR rotation
KW  - PARTITION coefficient (Chemistry)
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 12319534; Rodriguez-Gomez, David 1 Darve, Eric 1 Pohorille, Andrew 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University  2: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, California; Source Info: 2/22/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 8, p3563; Subject Term: GIBBS' free energy; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: MOLECULAR rotation; Subject Term: PARTITION coefficient (Chemistry); Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1642607
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12319534&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daniel Whittenberger, J.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Darolia, Ram
T1  - Elevated temperature creep deformation in solid solution strengthened 〈0 0 1〉 NiAl–3.6Ti single crystals
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2004/02/25/
VL  - 367
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
SN  - 09215093
AB  - The 1100–1500 K slow plastic strain rate compressive properties of 〈0 0 1〉 oriented NiAl–3.6Ti single crystals have been measured, and the results suggests that two deformation processes exist. While the intermediate temperature/faster strain rate mechanism is uncertain, plastic flow at elevated temperature/slower strain rates in NiAl–3.6Ti appears to be controlled by solute drag as described by the Cottrell–Jaswon solute drag model for gliding <F><B>b</B>=a0</F>〈1 0 1〉 dislocations. While the calculated activation energy of deformation is much higher (∼480 kJ/mol) than the activation energy for diffusion (∼290 kJ/mol) used in the Cottrell–Jaswon creep model, a forced temperature-compensated power law fit using the activation energy for diffusion was able to adequately (>90%) predict the observed creep properties. Thus, we conclude that the rejection of a diffusion controlled mechanism cannot be simply based on a large numerical difference between the activation energies for deformation and diffusion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASTICS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - Activation energy
KW  - Cottrell–Jaswon model
KW  - Creep
KW  - NiAl
KW  - Single crystal
N1  - Accession Number: 11958593; Daniel Whittenberger, J. 1; Email Address: msea_jdw@yahoo.com Noebe, Ronald D. 1 Darolia, Ram 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA-Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: GE Aircraft Engines, 1 Neumann Way, Cincinnati, OH 45215, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 367 Issue 1/2, p143; Subject Term: PLASTICS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: NICKEL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cottrell–Jaswon model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiAl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single crystal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326121 Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2003.09.094
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11958593&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reid, M.
AU  - Graubard, B.
AU  - Weber, R. J.
AU  - Dickerson, J. A.
AU  - Smith, K.
AU  - Raulerson, D.
AU  - Brasche, L.
AU  - Baaklini, G. Y.
T1  - Wireless Eddy Current Probe for Engine Health Monitoring.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 420
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The first prototype wireless eddy current (EC) probe for on-wing inspection was demonstrated in a F100 PW-220 engine without external cabling at the Air National Guard overhaul facility in Des Moines Iowa. Wireless NDE probes have potential safety and economic benefits leading to prevention or mitigation of safety significant propulsion system malfunctions. Data from 2 MHz Eddy Current probes was transmitted using a dual-frequency, phase modulated wireless analog communication system. Notches down to 0.010″ were detected by the system. This is comparable to the wired state-of-the-art EC technology currently used to inspect engines. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - PROBES (Electronic instruments)
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - TESTING
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - ENGINES
N1  - Accession Number: 12817335; Reid, M. 1 Graubard, B. 1 Weber, R. J. 1 Dickerson, J. A. 1 Smith, K. 2 Raulerson, D. 2 Brasche, L. 3 Baaklini, G. Y. 4; Affiliation:  1: Iowa State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ames, IA, 50011  2: Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT  3: Iowa State University, Center for NDE, Ames, IA 50011  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brookpark, OH; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p414; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: PROBES (Electronic instruments); Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: ENGINES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711652
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817335&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakirov, V. F.
AU  - Kline, R. A.
AU  - Winfree, W. P.
T1  - Multiparameter Thermal Tomography.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 461
EP  - 468
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Thermal imaging is a rapidly emerging area as it offers the capability for full field quantitative nondestructive evaluation. In particular, thermal techniques can be used to accurately measure material parameters (thermal conductivity, heat capacity) on a local basis. Here we describe a tomographic reconstruction technique that can be used to image both thermal conductivity and heat capacity from heat conduction data. This requires the ability to accurately measure surface temperature evolution at any point on the surface of a body due to a localized thermal excitation such as a laser source. Two independent parameters: maximum temperature and time for reaches this maximum (transit time) are required for the reconstruction. Using a coupled parameter version of the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) one can reconstruct the two thermal parameters tomographically. Results from simulated data are presented to illustrate the utility of the approach. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - IMAGE reconstruction
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
N1  - Accession Number: 12817329; Bakirov, V. F. 1 Kline, R. A. 1 Winfree, W. P. 2; Affiliation:  1: San Diego Center for Materials Research, San Diego, CA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p461; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: IMAGE reconstruction; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711658
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817329&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakirov, V. F.
AU  - Kline, R. A.
AU  - Winfree, W. P.
T1  - Discrete Variable Thermal Tomography.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
EP  - 476
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Tomographic reconstruction is being utilized with increased frequency in many imaging applications. Typically, one wishes to reconstruct a material parameter distribution (density, stiffness, etc.) where that parameter can take on a large range of possible values. These reconstructions are important in looking at local material inhomogeneity problems. However, there are other situations where one wishes to reconstruct a feature that can only take on a limited set of values. Imaging cracks in an otherwise homogeneous solid is one such problem. In this work we describe a tomographic imaging technique from heat propagation data which can be used for crack reconstruction. Here, the reconstruction domain is divided into pixels where each individual pixel is either solid or void. When a crack is present, several adjacent pixels are imaged as voids to reconstruct its shape. Introducing the appropriate boundary conditions around the perimeter of each pixel (whether solid or void) is critical in the reconstruction process. The technique developed here is based on the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (ART) and sensitivity matrix approach described previously. Results are presented for sample geometries to show how this approach can be utilized. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - HEAT
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - IMAGE reconstruction
N1  - Accession Number: 12817328; Bakirov, V. F. 1 Kline, R. A. 1 Winfree, W. P. 2; Affiliation:  1: San Diego Center for Materials Research, San Diego, CA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p469; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: HEAT; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: IMAGE reconstruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711659
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817328&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Patrick H.
AU  - Waters, Kendall R.
T1  - Tomographic Imaging of an Ultrasonic Field in a Plane Using a Linear Array.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 694
EP  - 701
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A method is presented based on tomographic reconstruction techniques for the visualization of an ultrasonic field. The tall, narrow piezoelectric elements of a one-dimensional receiving array, rotated about its central axis, provide parallel projection input data for tomographic reconstruction of the field. The technique is demonstrated using simulated ultrasonic beams and experimental measurements of an ultrasonic beam propagated through a stitched woven composite. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FIBER-reinforced plastics
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - SMART materials
N1  - Accession Number: 12817298; Johnston, Patrick H. 1 Waters, Kendall R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p694; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: SMART materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711689
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817298&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Patrick H.
T1  - Free Response of Piezoelectric Crystals in Series and in Parallel.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 729
EP  - 736
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The free response is considered of piezoelectric crystals (lithium niobate) with various polarities (including longitudinal only, shear only, and combined longitudinal and shear), which are stacked (mechanically and electrically in series) or are parallel (electrically parallel and mechanically uncoupled). Measurements of impedance magnitude from an impedance analyzer are compared with results from PSPICE simulations using a Mason model. These PSPICE models may serve as the basis for designing physical transducers from crystal stacks. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - LITHIUM niobate
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - ULTRASONIC welding
KW  - SHEAR waves
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 12817294; Johnston, Patrick H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p729; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: LITHIUM niobate; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC welding; Subject Term: SHEAR waves; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711693
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817294&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghoshal, Anindya
AU  - Prosser, William H.
AU  - Copeland, Ben M.
T1  - Development of Piezoelectric Acoustic Sensors and Novel Bio-Inspired Sensor Array Architecture.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 737
EP  - 744
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper looks at developing novel piezoelectric acoustic sensors, which are capable of sensing high frequency acoustic emissions and impact in a composite/metallic plate. The fabrication of the piezoelectric acoustic sensors made from piezoceramic ribbons would be described in details. An attempt was made to build directionality into the sensing system itself. Continuous sensors placed at right angles on a plate are being discussed as a new approach to measure and locate the source of acoustic waves. Novel signal processing algorithms based on bio-inspired neural systems for spatial filtering of large numbers of embedded sensor arrays in laminated composite media is presented. It is expected that this present work would help in development of sensing techniques for highly efficient health monitoring of integrated aerospace vehicles and structures. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - LAMB waves
KW  - SIGNAL processing
N1  - Accession Number: 12817293; Ghoshal, Anindya 1 Prosser, William H. 2 Copeland, Ben M. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Council Research Associate, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, 3B East Taylor Street, Bldg 1230B/Rm 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199  2: Senior Scientist, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, 3B East Taylor Street, Bldg 1230B/Rm 185, Hampton, VA 23681  3: Materials Application and Integration Sec., NASA Langley Research Center, MS 386, 6a Langley Blvd 1232/Rm 103C, Hampton, VA 23681-2199; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p737; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: LAMB waves; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711694
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817293&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Cosgriff, L. M.
AU  - Martin, R. E.
AU  - Verrilli, M. J.
AU  - Bhatt, R. T.
T1  - Microstructural and Defect Characterization in Ceramic Composites Using an Ultrasonic Guided Wave Scan System.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 906
EP  - 913
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In this study, an ultrasonic guided wave scan system was used to characterize various microstructural and flaw conditions in two types of ceramic matrix composites, SiC/SiC and C/SiC. Rather than attempting to isolate specific lamb wave modes to use for characterization (as is desired for many types of guided wave inspection problems), the guided wave scan system utilizes the total (multi-mode) ultrasonic response in its inspection analysis. Several time- and frequency-domain parameters are calculated from the ultrasonic guided wave signal at each scan location to form images. Microstructural and defect conditions examined include delamination, density variation, cracking, and pre/post-infiltration. Results are compared with thermographic imaging methods. Although the guided wave technique is commonly used so scanning can be eliminated, applying the technique in the scanning mode allows a more precise characterization of defect conditions. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - PROPULSION systems
N1  - Accession Number: 12817272; Roth, D. J. 1 Cosgriff, L. M. 2 Martin, R. E. 2 Verrilli, M. J. 1 Bhatt, R. T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44120; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p906; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711715
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817272&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yost, William T.
AU  - Cramer, K. Elliott
AU  - Pery, Daniel F.
T1  - Characterization of Effluents Given off by Wiring Insulation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1155
EP  - 1161
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - When an insulated wire is heated, the insulation emits a variety of effluents. This paper discusses the basis of emissions of effluents from wiring insulation. Several species are emitted at relatively low temperatures, while others are emitted when the wire reaches higher temperatures. We isolate the emissions by relative molecular weight of the effluents and measure the effluent concentration both as a function of time (temperature held constant) and by wire temperature. We find that the Law of Mass Action describes and predicts the time-dependence of the emission of a specific effluent caused by the heating. The binding energy is determined by performing an Arrhenius Plot on the temperature data. These dependencies are discussed and working equations are derived. Data collected from 20 gauge wire (MIL-W-22759/11-20) is used to illustrate and confirm the validity of the theory. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - ELECTRIC wiring
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - BINDING energy
KW  - ARRHENIUS equation
KW  - TEMPERATURE
N1  - Accession Number: 12817239; Yost, William T. 1 Cramer, K. Elliott 1 Pery, Daniel F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Nasa-Langley Research Center Mail Stop 231 Hampton VA 23681-2199; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p1155; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: ELECTRIC wiring; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: BINDING energy; Subject Term: ARRHENIUS equation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711748
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817239&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cramer, K. Eliott
AU  - Yost, William T.
AU  - Pery, Daniel F.
T1  - Effluent Based Characterization of Aerospace Wiring.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/02/26/
VL  - 700
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1162
EP  - 1169
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper discusses a wire insulation characterization method under development, which identifies the relative molecular weight and binding energy of effluents given off during wire heating and is aimed at nondestructively assessing wire insulation degradation. An overview of how this technique can be used to monitor wire insulation emissions is presented. A series of measurements made on wire specimens (MIL-W-22759/11-20) with polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE or Teflon®) insulation is presented. A change of up to 55% in the emission concentration of a particular effluent was observed by repeated heating the wire specimens. Temperature measurements of the conductor and insulation were correlated to effluent emission concentrations. A basis for the changes in effluent concentration is also presented and leads to a determination of binding energies and associated time constants. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC wiring
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - BINDING energy
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - AIRPLANES
N1  - Accession Number: 12817238; Cramer, K. Eliott 1 Yost, William T. 1 Pery, Daniel F. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center 4 Langley Research Center 4 Langley Blvd, MS 231 Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 700 Issue 1, p1162; Subject Term: ELECTRIC wiring; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: BINDING energy; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1711749
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12817238&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalton, J. Brad
AU  - Bove, Dana J.
AU  - Mladinich, Carol S.
AU  - Rockwell, Barnaby W.
T1  - Identification of spectrally similar materials using the USGS Tetracorder algorithm: the calcite–epidote–chlorite problem
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2004/02/29/
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 455
SN  - 00344257
AB  - A scheme to discriminate and identify materials having overlapping spectral absorption features has been developed and tested based on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Tetracorder system. The scheme has been applied to remotely sensed imaging spectroscopy data acquired by the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument. This approach was used to identify the minerals calcite, epidote, and chlorite in the upper Animas River watershed, Colorado. The study was motivated by the need to characterize the distribution of calcite in the watershed and assess its acid-neutralizing potential with regard to acidic mine drainage. Identification of these three minerals is difficult because their diagnostic spectral features are all centered at 2.3 μm, and have similar shapes and widths. Previous studies overestimated calcite abundance as a result of these spectral overlaps. The use of a reference library containing synthetic mixtures of the three minerals in varying proportions was found to simplify the task of identifying these minerals when used in conjunction with a rule-based expert system. Some inaccuracies in the mineral distribution maps remain, however, due to the influence of a fourth spectral component, sericite, which exhibits spectral absorption features at 2.2 and 2.4 μm that overlap the 2.3-μm absorption features of the other three minerals. Whereas the endmember minerals calcite, epidote, chlorite, and sericite can be identified by the method presented here, discrepancies occur in areas where all four occur together as intimate mixtures. It is expected that future work will be able to reduce these discrepancies by including reference mixtures containing sericite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGICAL surveys
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Calcite
KW  - Chlorite
KW  - Epidote
KW  - USGS Tetracorder system
N1  - Accession Number: 12170818; Dalton, J. Brad 1; Email Address: dalton@mail.arc.nasa.gov Bove, Dana J. 2 Mladinich, Carol S. 2 Rockwell, Barnaby W. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, MS 245-3, Planetary Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035-1000, USA  2: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA; Source Info: Feb2004, Vol. 89 Issue 4, p455; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL surveys; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calcite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidote; Author-Supplied Keyword: USGS Tetracorder system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2003.11.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12170818&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jits, Roman Y.
AU  - Walberg, Gerald D.
T1  - Blended control, predictor–corrector guidance algorithm: an enabling technology for Mars aerocapture
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
SN  - 00945765
AB  - A guidance scheme designed for coping with significant dispersion in the vehicle''s state and atmospheric conditions is presented. In order to expand the flyable aerocapture envelope, control of the vehicle is realized through bank angle and angle-of-attack modulation. Thus, blended control of the vehicle is achieved, where the lateral and vertical motions of the vehicle are decoupled. The overall implementation approach is described, together with the guidance algorithm macrologic and structure. Results of guidance algorithm tests in the presence of various single and multiple off-nominal conditions are presented and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - VEHICLES
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 11881886; Jits, Roman Y. 1 Walberg, Gerald D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Walberg Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23695, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p385; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: VEHICLES; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0094-5765(03)00159-0
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11881886&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fragomeni, James M.
AU  - Nunes Jr., Arthur C.
T1  - Dynamics of space welding impact and corresponding safety welding study
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 399
SN  - 00945765
AB  - This study was undertaken in order to be sure that no hazard would exist from impingement of hot molten metal particle detachments upon an astronauts space suit during any future electron beam welding exercises or experiments. The conditions under which molten metal detachments might occur in a space welding environment were analyzed. The safety issue is important during welding with regards to potential molten metal detachments from the weld pool and cold filler wire during electron beam welding in space. Theoretical models were developed to predict the possibility and size of the molten metal detachment hazards during the electron beam welding exercises at low earth orbit. Some possible ways of obtaining molten metal drop detachments would include an impulse force, or bump, to the weld sample, cut surface, or filler wire. Theoretical models were determined for these detachment concerns from principles of impact and kinetic energies, surface tension, drop geometry, surface energies, and particle dynamics. A weld pool detachment parameter for specifying the conditions for metal weld pool detachment by impact was derived and correlated to the experimental results. The experimental results were for the most part consistent with the theoretical analysis and predictions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SPACE suits
KW  - ELECTRON beams
KW  - WELDING
KW  - ORBITS
N1  - Accession Number: 11881887; Fragomeni, James M. 1; Email Address: fragomjm@udmercy.edu Nunes Jr., Arthur C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Detroit, College of Engineering and Science, 4001 West McNichols Road, P.O. Box 19900, Detroit, MI 48219-0900, USA  2: Materials Processes and Manufacturing Department, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p399; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: SPACE suits; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: WELDING; Subject Term: ORBITS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238190 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0094-5765(03)00160-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=11881887&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gandhi, Farhan
AU  - Sekula, Martin K.
AU  - Chattopadhyay, A.
T1  - Helicopter Vibration Reduction Using Fixed-System Auxiliary Moments.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 512
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Reductions in helicopter rotor hub vibratory loads that can be obtained through the introduction of steady auxiliary pitching and rolling moments in the fixed system are examined. The auxiliary moments allow changes in vehicle attitude and rotor pitch control inputs, such that vibrations can be minimized, while vehicle equilibrium is still satisfied. Because auxiliary moments can be generated by variation of the pitch of the right and left halves of the horizontal tail, the weight penalty, complexity, and performance losses associated with auxiliary lift and thrust (conventional compounding) would be alleviated. A comprehensive rotorcraft aeroelastic analysis was modified to include the fixed system auxiliary moments in the trim equations, and vibration reductions were examined for two different cases: 1) a light BO-105 type helicopter with a four-bladed hingeless rotor at high flight speeds (advance ratio of 0.35) and 2) a medium-weight UH-60 type helicopter with a four-bladed articulated rotor at a more moderate flight speed (advance ratio of 0.25). For the BO-105 type aircraft, a nosedown auxiliary pitching moment and a roll-left auxiliary rolling moment could reduce the in-plane vibratory hub forces by 20-30% when used individually and by 90% when used in combination. For the UH-60 type aircraft, a nosedown auxiliary pitching moment and a roll-right auxiliary rolling moment produced reductions in the range of 15-65% in all components of vibratory hub loads. For both aircraft, the nosedown auxiliary pitching moment increased the nosedown pitch attitude of the aircraft and reduced the rotor longitudinal cyclic flapping and the longitudinal cyclic pitch input. For the BO-105, the roll-left auxiliary moment increased the leftward shaft tilt and no longer required the tip path plane to tilt left relative to the hub plane. This decreased the lateral cyclic pitch input. However, for the UH-60, the roll-right auxiliary moment actually reversed the roll attitude of the aircraft (shaft now tilting right). This required a large leftward tilt of the tip path plane relative to the hub plane and increased the lateral cyclic pitch requirement. When implementation of the auxiliary moments through collective and differential pitch inputs to the horizontal tail was examined, it was observed that the expected reductions in vibration were indeed achieved, but that the auxiliary roll moment generated was smaller than expected due to one-half of the horizontal tail being stalled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - COMPRESSORS -- Blades
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 12813076; Gandhi, Farhan 1,2; Email Address: fgandhi@psu.edu Sekula, Martin K. 3,4 Chattopadhyay, A.; Affiliation:  1: Pennsylvania State University, University Park  2: Rotorcraft Center of Excellence, Department of Aerospace Engineering  3: NASA Langley Research Center  4: Research Engineer, U.S. Army Vehicle Technology Directorate; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p501; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: COMPRESSORS -- Blades; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 13 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tou, Janet C.L.
AU  - Grindeland, Richard E.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
T1  - Effects of diet and exposure to hindlimb suspension on estrous cycling in Sprague-Dawley rats.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology & Metabolism
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology & Metabolism
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - E425
EP  - E433
SN  - 01931849
AB  - Various factors can disrupt the female reproductive cycle resulting in subfertility. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether physiological changes associated with exposure to hypogravity disrupt reproductive cycles. The hindlimb suspension (HLS) model was used to simulate the major physiological effects of hypogravity in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Also, to determine whether diet may influence reproductive results, rats were fed purified American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-93G or chow diet. Rats (n = 9-11/group) subjected to HLS had lengthened estrous cycles due to prolonged diestrus, indicating hypoestrogenism. Interestingly, HLS rats fed AIN-93G but not chow diet had significantly reduced time spent in estrus and decreased plasma estradiol. Attenuation of hypoestrogenism in the chow-fed rats suggested that diet provided an exogenous source of estrogen. The mechanism involved in the disruption of estrous cycling remains to be determined. HLS increased urinary corticosterone (CORT) levels during the initial 4 days of HLS, suggesting that physiological responses to acute stress may be a potential mechanism in the disruption of estrous cycles. Higher basal urinary CORT was observed in rats fed chow vs. AIN-93G diet. HLS resulted in increased urinary CORT. However, two-way ANOVA indicated a significant HLS effect (P < 0.001) but no effect of HLS × diet effect on urinary CORT levels, suggesting that estrogenic activity associated with the chow diet did not enhance the stress response. The results of this study indicate that HLS, diet, and the combination of HLS and diet influence estrous cycling. This has important implications for future reproductive success in the hypogravity environment of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METABOLISM
KW  - RATS
KW  - DIET
KW  - ESTRUS
KW  - ENDOCRINOLOGY
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - estrogen
KW  - hypogravity
KW  - reproduciton
N1  - Accession Number: 12588397; Tou, Janet C.L. 1; Email Address: jtou@mail.arc.nasa.gov Grindeland, Richard E. 2 Wade, Charles E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Laboratories  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Life Sciences Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 49 Issue 3, pE425; Subject Term: METABOLISM; Subject Term: RATS; Subject Term: DIET; Subject Term: ESTRUS; Subject Term: ENDOCRINOLOGY; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: estrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypogravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: reproduciton; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajpendo.00287.2003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCollum, Gin
AU  - Boyle, Richard
T1  - Rotations in a vertebrate setting: evaluation of the symmetry group of the disynaptic canal-neck projection.
JO  - Biological Cybernetics
JF  - Biological Cybernetics
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 90
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 217
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03401200
AB  - Organizational structures intrinsic to nervous systems can be more precisely analyzed and compared with other logical structures once they are expressed in mathematical languages. A standard mathematical language for expressing organizational structure is that of groups. Groups are especially well suited to organizational structures involving multiple symmetries such as spatial structures. The vestibular system is widely believed to mediate many neural functions involving spatial structure. The vestibular nuclei receive direct projections from the vestibular endorgans, the semicircular canals and the otolith organs. The near-orthogonal directions of the semicircular canals are embedded in the bone. However, those canal directions are external to the nervous system. This study addresses the way the three-dimensional space of rotations is also embedded in the group structure of neural connectivity. Although we know a great deal about physical rotation, it is not clear that nervous systems organize rotations in the same way as physicists do. It would make sense for nervous systems to organize rotations in such a way as to provide physiologically relevant information about performing or compensating for rotations. The vestibular nuclei, which might be expected to display an organization that binds rotations into a rotation space, do not give a clear organization. This may be because of the multiplicity of spatial functions performed by the vestibular nuclei; rather than one spatial organization, the vestibular nuclei are likely to accommodate multiple, related spatial organizations. This study evaluates one particular data set from the literature that specifies the organization of the disynaptic canal-neck projection; other projections and neuronal populations may have other intrinsic organizations. The data are evaluated directly for their symmetry group. In the symmetry group, the vertebrate requirement that physiology have a right and left is found to be satisfied in two ways: (i) by a hexagonal symmetry arising from the right-left doubling of front and back, (ii) along with separate organizations on the two sides that may be required to operate independently to some extent. The eight observed muscle innervation patterns from the data are the complete set of possible combinations of inhibitory/excitatory polarities from three canal pairs. These eight innervation patterns are organized as the vertices of a cube. The two types of side muscles provide the vertical direction. As the head rotates in physical space, the cube rotates in sensorimotor space. Like the canal-neck projection, otolith projections and proprioceptive afferents contact both the vestibular nuclei and neck motoneurons. They may have a similar organization, perhaps with extensions of the same pattern. Otherwise, like a checkerboard superimposed over a paisley, they will form an overlapping organization with the disynaptic canal-neck projection. Further research is required to determine whether the sensorimotor spatial structure of the canal-neck projection is widespread in nervous systems or whether there are several complete structures that are fragmented and reintegrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biological Cybernetics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NERVOUS system
KW  - VERTEBRATES
KW  - VESTIBULAR nuclei
KW  - SYMMETRY (Biology)
KW  - SEMICIRCULAR canals
KW  - MOTOR neurons
KW  - SENSORIMOTOR integration
KW  - NEURAL transmission
N1  - Accession Number: 12650165; McCollum, Gin 1; Email Address: mccollum@ohsu.edu Boyle, Richard 2; Affiliation:  1: Neuro-Otology Research, Legacy Clinical Research and Technology Center, 1225 NE 2nd Ave., Portland, OR 97232, USA.  2: BioVIS Technology Center, Ames Research Center, NASA, Mo.ett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 90 Issue 3, p203; Subject Term: NERVOUS system; Subject Term: VERTEBRATES; Subject Term: VESTIBULAR nuclei; Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Biology); Subject Term: SEMICIRCULAR canals; Subject Term: MOTOR neurons; Subject Term: SENSORIMOTOR integration; Subject Term: NEURAL transmission; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 12 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seinfeld, John H.
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - Arimoto, Richard
AU  - Conant, William C.
AU  - Brechtel, Frederick J.
AU  - Bates, Timothy S.
AU  - Cahill, Thomas A.
AU  - Clarke, Antony D.
AU  - Doherty, Sarah J.
AU  - Flatau, Piotr J.
AU  - Huebert, Barry J.
AU  - Kim, Jiyoung
AU  - Markowicz, Krzysztof M.
AU  - Quinn, Patricia K.
AU  - Russell, Lynn M.
AU  - Russell, Philip B.
AU  - Shimizu, Atsushi
AU  - Shinozuka, Yohei
AU  - Song, Chul H.
AU  - Tang, Youhua
T1  - ACE-ASIA: Regional Climatic and Atmospheric Chemical Effects of Asian Dust and Pollution.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 85
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 367
EP  - 380
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Although continental-scale plumes of Asian dust and pollution reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the earth's surface and perturb the chemistry of the atmosphere, our ability to quantify these effects has been limited by a lack of critical observations, particularly of layers above the surface. Comprehensive surface, airborne, shipboard, and satellite measurements of Asian aerosol chemical composition, size, optical properties, and radiative impacts were performed during the Asian Pacific Regional Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-Asia) study. Measurements within a massive Chinese dust storm at numerous widely spaced sampling locations revealed the highly complex structure of the atmosphere, in which layers of dust, urban pollution, and biomass-burning smoke may be transported long distances as distinct entities or mixed together. The data allow a first-time assessment of the regional climatic and atmospheric chemical effects of a continental-scale mixture of dust and pollution. Our results show that radiative flux reductions during such episodes are sufficient to cause regional climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DUST
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - TRANSPORTATION
KW  - ASIA
N1  - Accession Number: 12650865; Seinfeld, John H. 1 Carmichael, Gregory R. 2 Arimoto, Richard 3 Conant, William C. 1 Brechtel, Frederick J. 4 Bates, Timothy S. 5 Cahill, Thomas A. 6 Clarke, Antony D. 7 Doherty, Sarah J. 8 Flatau, Piotr J. 9 Huebert, Barry J. 7 Kim, Jiyoung 10 Markowicz, Krzysztof M. 11 Quinn, Patricia K. 5 Russell, Lynn M. 12 Russell, Philip B. 13 Shimizu, Atsushi 14 Shinozuka, Yohei 7 Song, Chul H. 2 Tang, Youhua 2; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  2: College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa  3: CEMRC, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico  4: Brechtel Manufacturing, Inc., Hayward, California  5: NOAA Pacific Marine and Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington  6: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California  7: Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii  8: Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  9: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California  10: Meteorology Research Institute/KMA, Seoul, Korea  11: Institute of Geophysics, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland  12: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California  13: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  14: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 85 Issue 3, p367; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION; Subject Term: ASIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-3-367
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Curry, J. A.
AU  - Bentamy, A.
AU  - Bourassa, M. A.
AU  - Bourras, D.
AU  - Bradley, E. F.
AU  - Brunke, M.
AU  - Castro, S.
AU  - Chou, S. H.
AU  - Clayson, C. A.
AU  - Emery, W. J.
AU  - Eymard, L.
AU  - Fairall, C. W.
AU  - Kubota, M.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Perrie, W.
AU  - Reeder, R. A.
AU  - Renfrew, I. A.
AU  - Rossow, W. B.
AU  - Schulz, J.
AU  - Smith, S. R.
T1  - SEAFLUX.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 85
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 409
EP  - 424
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - High-resolution surface fluxes over the global ocean are needed to evaluate coupled atmosphere–ocean models and weather forecasting models, provide surface forcing for ocean models, understand the regional and temporal variations of the exchange of heat between the atmosphere and ocean, and provide a large-scale context for field experiments. Under the auspices of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Radiation Panel, the SEAFLUX Project has been initiated to investigate producing a high-resolution satellite-based dataset of surface turbulent fluxes over the global oceans to complement the existing products for surface radiation fluxes and precipitation. The SEAFLUX Project includes the following elements: a library of in situ data, with collocated satellite data to be used in the evaluation and improvement of global flux products; organized intercom-parison projects, to evaluate and improve bulk flux models and determination from the satellite of the input parameters; and coordinated evaluation of the flux products in the context of applications, such as forcing ocean models and evaluation of coupled atmosphere–ocean models. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of the status of global ocean surface flux products, the methodology being used by SEAFLUX, and the prospects for improvement of satellite-derived flux products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY flux
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - STORMS
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 12650862; Curry, J. A. 1 Bentamy, A. 2 Bourassa, M. A. 3 Bourras, D. 4 Bradley, E. F. 5 Brunke, M. 6 Castro, S. 7 Chou, S. H. 8 Clayson, C. A. 9 Emery, W. J. 7 Eymard, L. 9 Fairall, C. W. 10 Kubota, M. 11 Lin, B. 12 Perrie, W. 13 Reeder, R. A. 7 Renfrew, I. A. 14 Rossow, W. B. 15 Schulz, J. 16 Smith, S. R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia  2: Institut Francais pour la Recherche et l'Exploitation de la Mer, Brest, France  3: Center for Ocean–Atmospheric Prediction Studies, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  5: CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australia  6: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona  7: Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado  8: NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland  9: CETP/IPSL/CNRS, Velizy, France  10: NOAA ETL, Boulder, Colorado  11: School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka, Japan  12: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  13: Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada  14: Physical Sciences Division, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom  15: NASA GISS, New York, New York  16: Meteorological Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 85 Issue 3, p409; Subject Term: EDDY flux; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-3-409
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tyuterev, Vladimir G.
AU  - Régalia-Jarlot, Laurence
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Tashkun, Sergei A.
AU  - Borkov, Yurii G.
T1  - Global variational calculations of high-resolution rovibrational spectra: isotopic effects, intensity anomalies and experimental confirmations for H2S, HDS, D2S molecules
T2  - Calculs globaux variationnels de spectres rovibrationnels a&grave; haute re´solution : effets isotopiques, anomalies d'intensite´s et confirmations expe´rimentales pour les mole´cules H2S, HDS, D2S
JO  - Comptes Rendus Physique
JF  - Comptes Rendus Physique
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 189
SN  - 16310705
AB  - Variational calculations of high-resolution infrared molecular spectra for isotopically substituted triatomic molecules from potential and dipole moment functions are discussed. A study of intensity anomalies and of their isotopical behavior especially for symmetry-breaking substitutions represents a particularly interesting subject. Extreme manifestations of intensity anomalies present in spectra of the hydrogen sulfide molecule are considered. A first qualitative experimental confirmation of reported theoretical results for deuterium containing species is discussed. To cite this article: Vl.G. Tyuterev et al., C. R. Physique 5 (2004). (English) [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Les calculs variationnels de spectres mole´culaires infrarouge a&grave; haute re´solution, a&grave; partir des fonctions potentielle et moment dipolaire pour les mole´cules triatomiques isotopotomers, sont discute´s. Une e´tude des anomalies d' intensite´s et de leur comportement isotopique spe´cialement pour les substitutions qui change la syme´trie, pre´sentent un sujet particulie&grave;rement inte´ressant. Des manifestations importantes d'anomalies d'intensite´ attendues dans les spectres de sulfure d'hydroge&grave;ne sont envisage´es. Une premie&grave;re confirmation expe´rimentale qualitative des re´sultats the´oriques pour les espe&grave;ces deute´re´es est illustre´e dans cet article. Pour citer cet article : Vl.G. Tyuterev et al., C. R. Physique 5 (2004). (French) [Copyright 2004 Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Comptes Rendus Physique is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR spectra
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - DEUTERIUM
KW  - Intensity anomalies
KW  - Isotopic effects
KW  - Spectra
KW  - Variational calculations
KW  - Anomalies d'intensités
KW  - Calcul variationnel
KW  - Effets isotopiques
KW  - Spectres
N1  - Accession Number: 12776614; Tyuterev, Vladimir G. 1; Email Address: vladimir.tyuterev@univ-reims.fr Régalia-Jarlot, Laurence 1 Schwenke, David W. 2 Tashkun, Sergei A. 3 Borkov, Yurii G. 3; Affiliation:  1: GSMA, Université de Reims, Faculté des sciences, Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex 2, France  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: LTS, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, 1, Akademitcheskii av., 634055, Tomsk, Russia; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p189; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: DEUTERIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensity anomalies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotopic effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variational calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anomalies d'intensités; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calcul variationnel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Effets isotopiques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectres; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.crhy.2004.01.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schulte, Mitchell D.
AU  - Rogers, Karyn L.
T1  - Thiols in hydrothermal solution: standard partial molal properties and their role in the organic geochemistry of hydrothermal environments3 <FN ID="FN3"><NO>3</NO>Associate editor: E. H. Oelkers</FN>
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 68
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1087
SN  - 00167037
AB  - In order to assess the potential role of organic sulfur compounds in hydrothermal systems, we use recent advances in theoretical geochemistry to estimate the standard partial molal thermodynamic properties and parameters for the revised Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers equation of state for aqueous straight-chain alkyl thiols. Thermodynamic properties are used to determine the potential for thiol formation in both modern and Archean hydrothermal systems. We conclude that organic sulfur compounds may hold the key to the organic chemistry that led to the origin of life in hydrothermal settings. These results may also explain the presence of sulfur in a number of biomolecules present in ancient thermophilic microorganisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIOLS
KW  - ORGANIC geochemistry
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - BIOMOLECULES
N1  - Accession Number: 12307286; Schulte, Mitchell D. 1; Email Address: mschulte@mail.arc.nasa.gov Rogers, Karyn L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Washington University, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Campus Box 1169, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 68 Issue 5, p1087; Subject Term: THIOLS; Subject Term: ORGANIC geochemistry; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: BIOMOLECULES; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2003.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roush, T.L.
AU  - Dalton, J.B.
T1  - Reflectance spectra of hydrated Titan tholins at cryogenic temperatures and implications for compositional interpretation of red objects in the outer Solar System
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 168
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We report the visible and near-infrared (0.4–2.5 μm) laboratory bidirectional reflectance of hydrated Titan tholin at cryogenic temperatures (<f>∼100</f>–300 K). When compared with room temperature measurements, the visible and near-infrared color of hydrated Titan tholin becomes bluer by <f>∼14%</f> at low temperatures in the 0.7–1.0 μm region. Assuming the observed color changes are representative of tholin-like materials we estimate the influence of such color changes on the interpretation of the Centaur Pholus and find that the modest color changes will not significantly alter existing interpretations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - HYDRATION
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Compositional interpretation
KW  - Low-temperature reflectance spectra
KW  - Outer Solar System
KW  - Solid organic residues
KW  - Titan tholins
N1  - Accession Number: 12173121; Roush, T.L. 1; Email Address: ted.l.roush@nasa.gov Dalton, J.B. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 168 Issue 1, p158; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: HYDRATION; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compositional interpretation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-temperature reflectance spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Outer Solar System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid organic residues; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan tholins; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.11.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Hui
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Investigation of interfacial behavior during the flow boiling CHF transient
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 6/7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1275
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Vertical upflow boiling experiments were performed in pursuit of identifying the trigger mechanism for subcooled flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF). While virtually all prior studies on flow boiling CHF concern the prediction or measurement of conditions that lead to CHF, this study is focused on events that take place during the CHF transient. High-speed video imaging and photomicrographic techniques were used to record the transient behavior of interfacial features from the last steady-state power level before CHF until the moment of power cut-off following CHF. The video records show the development of a wavy vapor layer which propagates along the heated wall, permitting cooling prior to CHF only in wetting fronts corresponding to the wave troughs. Image analysis software was developed to estimate void fraction from the individual video images. The void fraction records for subcooled flow boiling show the CHF transient is accompanied by gradual lift-off of wetting fronts culminating in some maximum vapor layer mean thickness, following which the vapor layer begins to thin down as the transition to film boiling ensues. This study proves the interfacial lift-off model, which has been validated for near-saturated flow boiling CHF, is equally valid for subcooled conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EBULLITION
KW  - HEAT flux transducers
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Flow boiling
N1  - Accession Number: 11825079; Zhang, Hui 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, Mechanical Engineering Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1288, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 47 Issue 6/7, p1275; Subject Term: EBULLITION; Subject Term: HEAT flux transducers; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.09.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hill, Scott A.
T1  - Determination of an empirical model for the prediction of penetration hole diameter in thin plates from hypervelocity impact
JO  - International Journal of Impact Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Impact Engineering
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
SN  - 0734743X
AB  - The purpose of this work is to identify an empirical relationship that describes the size of the hole created in a thin plate from a hypervelocity impact in terms of the material properties and geometry of both the projectile and target. A multivariable power series was selected as the form of the mathematical model to develop this empirical relationship. Material properties and geometry of both the projectile and target were selected as the independent variables of this model to predict the hole diameters in targets. Comparison with historical equations reveals that these new models are more accurate predictors of target hole diameters. This statement is based on a one-to-one comparison of the equations using both the data utilized in developing the new models and “new”, independent data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Impact Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPEED
KW  - HOLES
KW  - PLATE
KW  - PROJECTILES
N1  - Accession Number: 12096921; Hill, Scott A. 1; Email Address: s.a.hill@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Langley Research Center, MS 431, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p303; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: HOLES; Subject Term: PLATE; Subject Term: PROJECTILES; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0734-743X(03)00079-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lepicovsky, J.
AU  - McFarland, E. R.
AU  - Chima, R. V.
AU  - Capece, V. R.
AU  - Hayden, J.
T1  - Intermittent Flow Regimes in a Transonic Fan Airfoil Cascade.
JO  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
JF  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 144
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1023621X
AB  - A study was conducted in the NASA Glenn Research Center (NASA-GRC) linear cascade on the intermittent flow on the suction surface of an airfoil section from the tip region of a modern low aspect ratio fan blade. Experimental results revealed that, at a large incidence angle, a range of transonic inlet Mach numbers exist where the leading-edge shock-wave pattern was unstable. Flush-mounted, high-frequency response pressure transducers indicated large local jumps in the pressure in the leading edge area, which generates large intermittent loading on the blade leading edge. These measurements suggest that for an inlet Mach number between 0.9 and 1.0, the flow is bi-stable, randomly switching between subsonic and supersonic flows. Hence, it appears that the change in overall flow conditions in the transonic region is based on the rate of switching between two stable flow states rather than on the continuous increase of the flow velocity. To date, this flow behavior has only been observed in a linear transonic cascade. Further research is necessary to confirm this phenomenon occurs in actual transonic fans and is not the by-product of an endwall restricted linear cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Rotating Machinery is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FANS (Machinery)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - Linear compressor cascade
KW  - Precompression blades
KW  - Shock waves
KW  - Supersonic flow
KW  - Transonic flow
KW  - Unsteady flow
N1  - Accession Number: 12337298; Lepicovsky, J. 1 McFarland, E. R. 2 Chima, R. V. 2 Capece, V. R. 3; Email Address: vcapece@engr.uky.edu Hayden, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., NASA GRC, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: University of Kentucky, Paducah, KY 42002; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p135; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FANS (Machinery); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear compressor cascade; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precompression blades; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transonic flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 8 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10236210490277114
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LIANG, S.
AU  - SAMANTA, M. P.
AU  - BIEGEL, B. A.
T1  - cWINNOWER ALGORITHM FOR FINDING FUZZY DNA MOTIFS.
JO  - Journal of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology
JF  - Journal of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 60
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02197200
AB  - The cWINNOWER algorithm detects fuzzy motifs in DNA sequences rich in proteinbinding signals. A signal is defined as any short nucleotide pattern having up to d mutations differing from a motif of length l. The algorithm finds such motifs if a clique consisting of a suffciently large number of mutated copies of the motif (i.e., the signals) is present in the DNA sequence. The cWINNOWER algorithm substantially improves the sensitivity of the winnower method of Pevzner and Sze by imposing a consensus constraint, enabling it to detect much weaker signals. We studied the minimum detectable clique size qc as a function of sequence length N for random sequences. We found that qc increases linearly with N for a fast version of the algorithm based on counting threemember sub-cliques. Imposing consensus constraints reduces qc by a factor of three in this case, which makes the algorithm dramatically more sensitive. Our most sensitive algorithm, which counts four-member sub-cliques, needs a minimum of only 13 signals to detect motifs in a sequence of length N=12,000 for (l,d)=(15,4). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - DNA
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - PROTEIN binding
KW  - BIOINFORMATICS
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL biology
KW  - DNA motif
KW  - transcription factor binding signals
KW  - winnower
N1  - Accession Number: 13233637; LIANG, S. 1; Email Address: Shoudan.Liang@nasa.gov SAMANTA, M. P. 1 BIEGEL, B. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 2 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: PROTEIN binding; Subject Term: BIOINFORMATICS; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA motif; Author-Supplied Keyword: transcription factor binding signals; Author-Supplied Keyword: winnower; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Randel, William
AU  - Udelhofen, Petra
AU  - Fleming, Eric
AU  - Geller, Marvin
AU  - Gelman, Mel
AU  - Hamilton, Kevin
AU  - Karoly, David
AU  - Ortland, Dave
AU  - Pawson, Steve
AU  - Swinbank, Richard
AU  - Fei Wu
AU  - Baldwin, Mark
AU  - Chanin, Marie-Lise
AU  - Keckhut, Philippe
AU  - Labitzke, Karin
AU  - Remsberg, Ellis
AU  - Simmons, Adrian
AU  - Dong Wu
T1  - The SPARC Intercomparison of Middle-Atmosphere Climatologies.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 986
EP  - 1003
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - An updated assessment of uncertainties in “observed” climatological winds and temperatures in the middle atmosphere (over altitudes ∼10–80 km) is provided by detailed intercomparisons of contemporary and historic datasets. These datasets include global meteorological analyses and assimilations, climatologies derived from research satellite measurements, historical reference atmosphere circulation statistics, rocketsonde wind and temperature data, and lidar temperature measurements. The comparisons focus on a few basic circulation statistics (temperatures and zonal winds), with special attention given to tropical variability. Notable differences are found between analyses for temperatures near the tropical tropopause and polar lower stratosphere, temperatures near the global stratopause, and zonal winds throughout the Tropics. Comparisons of historical reference atmosphere and rocketsonde temperatures with more recent global analyses show the influence of decadal-scale cooling of the stratosphere and mesosphere. Detailed comparisons of the tropical semiannual oscillation (SAO) and quasi- biennial oscillation (QBO) show large differences in amplitude between analyses; recent data assimilation schemes show the best agreement with equatorial radiosonde, rocket, and satellite data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Winds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Weather
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Earth sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 12480740; Randel, William 1; Email Address: randel@ucar.edu; Udelhofen, Petra 2; Fleming, Eric 3; Geller, Marvin 2; Gelman, Mel 4; Hamilton, Kevin 5; Karoly, David 6; Ortland, Dave 7; Pawson, Steve 3; Swinbank, Richard 8; Fei Wu 1; Baldwin, Mark 7; Chanin, Marie-Lise 9; Keckhut, Philippe 9; Labitzke, Karin 10; Remsberg, Ellis 11; Simmons, Adrian 12; Dong Wu 13; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 2: State University of New York at Stony Brook, New York; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Washington, D.C.; 5: International Pacific Research Center, Honolulu, Hawaii; 6: University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma; 7: Northwest Research Associates, Bellevue, Washington; 8: Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom; 9: Service d'Aeronomie, Paris, France; 10: Free University of Berlin, Germany; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 12: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom; 13: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California; Issue Info: Mar2004, Vol. 17 Issue 5, p986; Thesaurus Term: Winds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
AU  - Zhang, Laiping
AU  - Liu, Yen
T1  - Spectral (finite) volume method for conservation laws on unstructured grids IV: extension to two-dimensional systems
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 194
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 716
SN  - 00219991
AB  - In this paper, the fourth in a series, the spectral volume (SV) method is extended to multi-dimensional systems – the 2D Euler equations. The focus of this paper is to study the performance of the SV method on multidimensional non-linear systems, and to verify that high order solution accuracy up to fourth-order can be achieved for the systems of conservation laws. Implementation details including total variation diminishing (TVD) and total variation bounded (TVB) limiters are presented. An accuracy study is performed first to numerically verify that the designed order of accuracy can be obtained for smooth flow solutions. Then, solutions with both smooth features and discontinuities are utilized to demonstrate the overall capability of the SV method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - EULER characteristic
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - 2D systems of conservation laws
KW  - 65M60
KW  - 65M70
KW  - Euler equations
KW  - High-order
KW  - Spectral volume
KW  - Unstructured grid
N1  - Accession Number: 12238537; Wang, Z.J. 1; Email Address: zjw@egr.msu.edu Zhang, Laiping 1 Liu, Yen 2; Email Address: liu@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, 2555 Engineering Building, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 194 Issue 2, p716; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2D systems of conservation laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M60; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M70; Author-Supplied Keyword: Euler equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unstructured grid; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.09.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lepère, M.
AU  - Gobeille, R.
AU  - Kolodziejski, N.
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - McMichael, W.
AU  - Aoaeh, B.
AU  - Wilkinson, K.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Analysis of tunable diode-laser spectra of R<f>Q(J,0)</f> lines in CH3F near 1475 cm−1 using a multispectrum fitting technique
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 224
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
SN  - 00222852
AB  - We have analyzed the methyl fluoride R<f>Q(J,0) Q</f> branch lines located near 1475 cm−1 using a simultaneous multi-spectrum fitting technique. In this analysis we have used previously recorded diode-laser data in which we collected many data points covering only one or two <f>Q</f> branch lines in a particular run. The analysis consists of simultaneously fitting 57 spectra collected with numerous pressure and path length conditions for all absorption lines. The data are concatenated to create one continuous spectrum of the <f>Q</f> branch. We have determined the intensity and self-broadened widths at 296 K for 23 R<f>Q(J,0)</f> lines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORIDES
KW  - DIODES
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - LASERS
N1  - Accession Number: 12173287; Lepère, M. 1 Gobeille, R. 2 Kolodziejski, N. 2 Devi, V. Malathy 3 Benner, D. Chris 3 Smith, M.A.H. 4 McMichael, W. 2 Aoaeh, B. 2 Wilkinson, K. 2 Mantz, A.W. 2; Email Address: awman@conncoll.edu; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Moléculaire, Facultés Universitaires Notre-Dame de la Paix, 61, rue de Bruxelles, Namur B-5000, Belgium  2: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Ave., New London, CT 06320, USA  3: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  4: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401 A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 224 Issue 1, p7; Subject Term: FLUORIDES; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: LASERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2003.12.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen
AU  - C. V.
AU  - So
AU  - C.
AU  - Stevens
AU  - R. M.
AU  - Li
AU  - Y.
AU  - Delziet
AU  - L.
AU  - Sarrazin
AU  - P.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - High Lateral Resolution Imaging with Sharpened Tip of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube Scanning Probe.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 108
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2816
EP  - 2821
SN  - 15206106
AB  - We report a tip sharpening process for multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) scanning probes and demonstrate its application in high lateral resolution imaging. The sharpening of the tip is an in-situ process employing the atomic force microscope. The method involves current-induced oxidation in ambient atmosphere by locally stripping away the outer layers at the very tip of the MWCNT. This process requires an applied voltage in the 2-3 V range, which is lower than that required for shortening the nanotube. Direct scanning microscopic data reveal sharpened tips with a radius of curvature normally less than 5 nm. Multiple scan experiments show that the sharpened tips undergo no degradation in image quality, suggesting that the sharpened tips are very robust. Our unique fabrication process for producing a robust multiwalled CNT scanning probe coupled with the tip sharpening method has demonstrated the development of a universal probe for high aspect ratio as well as high lateral resolution imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - RESOLUTION (Optics)
KW  - SCANNING probe microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 12401001; Nguyen C. V. 1 So C. 1 Stevens R. M. 1 Li Y. 1 Delziet L. 1 Sarrazin P. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 108 Issue 9, p2816; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Optics); Subject Term: SCANNING probe microscopy; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald M.
AU  - Nelson, Beebe
AU  - Kahn, Kenneth B.
T1  - Book Reviews.
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 151
EP  - 152
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 07376782
AB  - Reviews the book "The Project Management Office Toolkit: A Step-by-Step Guide to Setting Up a Project Management Office," by Jolyon E. Hallows.
KW  - PROJECT management
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - HALLOWS, Jolyon E.
KW  - PROJECT Management Office Toolkit, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 12440758; Mulenburg, Gerald M. 1; Nelson, Beebe; Kahn, Kenneth B.; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Mar2004, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p151; Thesaurus Term: PROJECT management; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: PROJECT Management Office Toolkit, The (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541619 Other management consulting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; People: HALLOWS, Jolyon E.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1111/j.0737-6782.2004.064_2.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cowen, J. E.
AU  - Riga, A. T.
AU  - Hepp, A. F.
AU  - Duraj, S. A.
AU  - Banger, K.
AU  - McClarnon, R.
T1  - Synthesis and characterization of CuInS2 single source precursors for chemical vapor deposition.
JO  - Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry
JF  - Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 75
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 929
EP  - 935
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 13886150
AB  - A family of single source precursors, for the spray chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of chalcopyrite thin films (CuInS2), has been synthesized in good yields (ca. 65%). Newly synthesized compounds include [{L}2Cu(SR)2In(SR)2], (R=alkyl, aryl; L=neutral donor ligand). The use of the single source precursors provides an attractive alternative over conventionally used multi-source precursors, which are often toxic, air sensitive and pyrophoric. However, it is desirable that these thin films be processed on flexible polymer substrates such as KaptonTM. Therefore, milder deposition temperatures are needed to maintain the structural integrity of the underlying polymer substrates. By selective manipulation of the steric and electronic properties of the precursor, milder processing temperatures may be employed, while mainting the desired stoichiometry of the deposited films. Elucidation of the structures have been confirmed by the use of NMR. Thermal analytical techniques, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG), have been employed to determine thermal profiles of each candidate compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - VAPOR-plating
KW  - CHALCOPYRITE
KW  - THIN films
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - GRAVIMETRIC analysis
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - DSC
KW  - NMR
KW  - precursors
KW  - TG
KW  - thin films
N1  - Accession Number: 17020351; Cowen, J. E. 1; Email Address: Jonathan.E.Cowen@grc.nasa.gov Riga, A. T. 1 Hepp, A. F. 2 Duraj, S. A. 1 Banger, K. 3 McClarnon, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland State University, 2351 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115  2: Ohio Aeorspace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd. Cleveland, OH 44142  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd. Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 75 Issue 3, p929; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: VAPOR-plating; Subject Term: CHALCOPYRITE; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: GRAVIMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSC; Author-Supplied Keyword: NMR; Author-Supplied Keyword: precursors; Author-Supplied Keyword: TG; Author-Supplied Keyword: thin films; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212233 Copper-zinc ore mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212234 Copper Ore and Nickel Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pirozzoli, S.
AU  - Grasso, F.
AU  - Gatski, T.B.
T1  - Direct numerical simulation and analysis of a spatially evolving supersonic turbulent boundary layer at M=2.25.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 530
EP  - 545
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - A spatially developing supersonic adiabatic flat plate boundary layer flow (at M[sub ∞]=2.25 and Re[sub θ]≈4000) is analyzed by means of direct numerical simulation. The numerical algorithm is based on a mixed weighted essentially nonoscillatory compact-difference method for the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The main objectives are to assess the validity of Morkovin’s hypothesis and Reynolds analogies, and to analyze the controlling mechanisms for turbulence production, dissipation, and transport. The results show that the essential dynamics of the investigated turbulent supersonic boundary layer flow closely resembles the incompressible pattern. The Van Driest transformed mean velocity obeys the incompressible law-of-the-wall, and the mean static temperature field exhibits a quadratic dependency upon the mean velocity, as predicted by the Crocco–Busemann relation. The total temperature has been found not to be precisely uniform, and total temperature fluctuations are found to be non-negligible. Consistently, the turbulent Prandtl number is not unity, and it varies between 0.7 and 0.8 in the outer part of the boundary layer. Nonetheless, a modified strong Reynolds analogy is still verified. In agreement with the low Mach number results, the streamwise velocity component and the temperature are only weakly anti-correlated. The turbulent kinetic energy budget also shows similarities with the incompressible case provided all terms of the equation are properly scaled; indeed, the leading compressibility contributions are negligible throughout the boundary layer. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - STOPPING power (Nuclear physics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
N1  - Accession Number: 12202392; Pirozzoli, S. 1 Grasso, F. 1 Gatski, T.B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Dipartimento di Meccanica ed Aeronautica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Italy  2: Computational Modeling & Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p530; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: STOPPING power (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1637604
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nagel, Dan
AU  - Bailey, David H.
AU  - Filman, Robert E.
T1  - Industrial Strength Parallel Computing: Programming Massively Parallel Processors, by Alice E. Koniges.
JO  - Scientific Programming
JF  - Scientific Programming
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 57
EP  - 62
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10589244
AB  - Reviews several books about scientific programming.  "Industrial Strength Parallel Computing: Programming Massively Parallel Processors," by Alice E. Koniges; "Java Number Cruncher: The Java Programmer's Guide to Numerical Computing," by Ronald Mak; "Four Colors Suffice: How the Map Problem Was Solved," by Robin Wilson.
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - KONIGES, Alice E.
KW  - MAK, Ronald
KW  - WILSON, Robin
KW  - INDUSTRIAL Strength Parallel Computing: Programming Massively Parallel Processors (Book)
KW  - JAVA Number Cruncher: The Java Programmer's Guide to Numerical Computing (Book)
KW  - FOUR Colors Suffice (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 12345140; Nagel, Dan 1 Bailey, David H. 2 Filman, Robert E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Purple Sage Computing Solutions Inc., USA  2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Research Institute for Advanced Computer, Science/NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p57; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: INDUSTRIAL Strength Parallel Computing: Programming Massively Parallel Processors (Book); Reviews & Products: JAVA Number Cruncher: The Java Programmer's Guide to Numerical Computing (Book); Reviews & Products: FOUR Colors Suffice (Book); People: KONIGES, Alice E.; People: MAK, Ronald; People: WILSON, Robin; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castellano, Tim
T1  - Detecting Transiting Exoplanets.
JO  - Sky & Telescope
JF  - Sky & Telescope
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 107
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 81
SN  - 00376604
AB  - Focuses on the possibility of detecting planets around stars by the transit method.  Use of transit instruments in detecting planets; Importance of transits; Ability of transit method to detect extrasolar planets.
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - TRANSIT-instruments
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - TRANSIT (Navigation satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 12250780; Castellano, Tim 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Astronomer at NASA's Ames Research Center  2: Part-time astronomy instructor at San Jose State University; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 107 Issue 3, p77; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: TRANSIT-instruments; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Company/Entity: TRANSIT (Navigation satellite); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tversky, Barbara
AU  - Zacks, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Lee, Paul
T1  - Events by Hands and Feet.
JO  - Spatial Cognition & Computation
JF  - Spatial Cognition & Computation
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 14
SN  - 13875868
AB  - The human mind carves time into events much as it carves space into objects. Events are activities that are perceived to have beginnings, middles, and ends, such as going to work and making a bed. Events performed by humans can be enacted by feet, as in getting to work, or by hands, as in making a bed. Although continuous, events are perceived to have discrete parts. Events by feet are segmented into actions at nodes, or turns at landmarks, as revealed in spontaneously produced route maps and route directions. In contrast, events by hands are segmented hierarchically. At the coarse level, the segments are punctuated by objects or object parts, sheets, pillowcases, and blanket in the case of making the bed. At the fine level, segments are punctuated by articulated actions on the same object, spreading the sheet, tucking in the corners, smoothing it out. For both events by feet and events by hands, the segments correspond to changes in goals in subgoals, signaled by perceptually salient changes in physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Spatial Cognition & Computation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAPS
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - GEOGRAPHY
KW  - HAND
KW  - FOOT
KW  - events
KW  - Maps
KW  - partonomy
KW  - parts
KW  - routes
KW  - taxonomy
N1  - Accession Number: 13362986; Tversky, Barbara 1; Email Address: bt@psych.stanford.edu Zacks, Jeffrey M. 2 Lee, Paul 3; Affiliation:  1: Stanford University  2: Washington University  3: NASA-Ames Research Center; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p5; Subject Term: MAPS; Subject Term: SPACE perception; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHY; Subject Term: HAND; Subject Term: FOOT; Author-Supplied Keyword: events; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maps; Author-Supplied Keyword: partonomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: parts; Author-Supplied Keyword: routes; Author-Supplied Keyword: taxonomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hilburger, Mark W.
AU  - Starnes Jr., James H.
T1  - Effects of imperfections of the buckling response of composite shells
JO  - Thin-Walled Structures
JF  - Thin-Walled Structures
Y1  - 2004/03//
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
SN  - 02638231
AB  - The results of an experimental and analytical study of the effects of initial imperfections on the buckling response and failure of unstiffened thin-walled compression-loaded graphite-epoxy cylindrical shells are presented. The shells considered in the study have six different shell-wall laminates two different shell-radius-to-thickness ratios. The shell-wall laminates include four different orthotropic laminates and two different quasi-isotropic laminates. The shell-radius-to-thickness ratios includes shell-radius-to-thickness ratios equal to 100 and 200. The numerical results include the effects of traditional and nontraditional initial imperfections and selected shell parameter uncertainties. The traditional imperfections include the geometric shell-wall mid-surface imperfections that are commonly discussed in the literature on thin shell buckling. The nontraditional imperfections include shell-wall thickness variations, local shell-wall ply-gaps associated with the fabrication process, shell-end geometric imperfections, nonuniform applied end loads, and variations in the boundary conditions including the effects of elastic boundary conditions. The cylinder parameter uncertainties considered include uncertainties in geometric imperfection measurements, lamina fiber volume fraction, fiber and matrix properties, boundary conditions, and applied end load distribution. Results that include the effects of these traditional and nontraditional imperfections and uncertainties on the nonlinear response characteristics, buckling loads and failure of the shells are presented. The analysis procedure includes a nonlinear static analysis that predicts the stable response characteristics of the shells, and a nonlinear transient analysis that predicts the unstable response characteristics. In addition, a common failure analysis is used to predict material failures in the shells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin-Walled Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Composite shells
KW  - Failure
KW  - Imperfections
N1  - Accession Number: 11883190; Hilburger, Mark W.; Email Address: mark.w.hilburger@nasa.gov Starnes Jr., James H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p369; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite shells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imperfections; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tws.2003.09.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bera, Debasis
AU  - Kuiry, Suresh C.
AU  - McCutchen, Matthew
AU  - Kruize, Arnold
AU  - Heinrich, Helge
AU  - Meyyappan, Meyya
AU  - Seal, Sudipta
T1  - In-situ synthesis of palladium nanoparticles-filled carbon nanotubes using arc-discharge in solution
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/03/11/
VL  - 386
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 364
SN  - 00092614
AB  - A unique, simple, inexpensive and one-step synthesis route of carbon nanotubes (CNT) supported palladium nanoparticles using a simplified arc-discharge in solution is reported. Palladium nanoparticles with 3 nm diameter were found to form during reduction of palladium tetra-chloro-square-planar complex. Pd-nanoparticles were simultaneously encapsulated in CNTs during the rolling of graphene sheets in the arc-discharge process. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy suggests no functionalization of chlorine to the sidewall of CNTs. Study of High Resolution Transmission Electron microscopy supports the scroll mechanism for CNT formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PALLADIUM
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
N1  - Accession Number: 12379659; Bera, Debasis 1; Email Address: de451440@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu Kuiry, Suresh C. 1 McCutchen, Matthew 1 Kruize, Arnold 2 Heinrich, Helge 1 Meyyappan, Meyya 3 Seal, Sudipta 1; Email Address: sseal@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, and Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Eng 1, #381, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA  2: Department of Applied Physics, Materials Science Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands  3: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 386 Issue 4-6, p364; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.01.082
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chao Li
AU  - Fan, Wendy
AU  - Bo Lei, Wendy
AU  - Daihua Zhang
AU  - Song Han
AU  - Tao Tang
AU  - Xiaolei Liu
AU  - Zuqin Liu, Wendy
AU  - Asano, Sylvia
AU  - Meyyappan, Meyya
AU  - Jie Han
AU  - Chongwu Zhou
T1  - Multilevel memory based on molecular devices.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/03/15/
VL  - 84
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1949
EP  - 1951
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Multilevel molecular memory devices were proposed and demonstrated for nonvolatile data storage up to three bits (eight levels) per cell, in contrast to the standard one-bit-per-cell (two levels) technology. In the demonstration, charges were precisely placed at up to eight discrete levels in redox active molecules self-assembled on single-crystal semiconducting nanowire field-effect transistors. Gate voltage pulses and current sensing were used for writing and reading operations, respectively. Charge storage stability was tested up to retention of 600 h, as compared to the longest retention of a few hours previously reported for one-bit-per-cell molecular memories. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC storage cells
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - INFORMATION science
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 12512669; Chao Li 1 Fan, Wendy 1 Bo Lei, Wendy 1 Daihua Zhang 1 Song Han 1 Tao Tang 1 Xiaolei Liu 1 Zuqin Liu, Wendy 1 Asano, Sylvia 1 Meyyappan, Meyya 1 Jie Han 1; Email Address: chongwuz@usc.edu Chongwu Zhou; Affiliation:  1: Department of E.E.-Electrophysics, University of Southern California and Center for Nanotechnology, MS 229-1, NASA Ames Research Center, CA; Source Info: 3/15/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 11, p1949; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC storage cells; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: INFORMATION science; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1667615
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ridley, B.
AU  - Atlas, E.
AU  - Selkirk, H.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Montzka, D.
AU  - Walega, J.
AU  - Donnelly, S.
AU  - Stroud, V.
AU  - Richard, E.
AU  - Kelly, K.
AU  - Tuck, A.
AU  - Thompson, T.
AU  - Reeves, J.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.
AU  - Rawlins, W.T.
AU  - Mahoney, M.
AU  - Herman, R.
AU  - Friedl, R.
AU  - Moore, F.
AU  - Ray, E.
T1  - Convective transport of reactive constituents to the tropical and mid-latitude tropopause region: I. Observations
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2004/03/15/
VL  - 38
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1259
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Measurements of ozone, reactive carbon and nitrogen, and other trace constituents from flights of the NASA WB-57F aircraft in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere reveal that convection in the tropics can present a complex mix of surface-emitted constituents right up to the altitude of the lapse rate tropopause. At higher latitudes over the southern US, the strongest transport signal, in terms of constituent mixing ratios, occurred in the potential temperature range of 340–350 K or approximately over the altitude range of 9–11 km. Weaker convective signals were also seen up to near the tropopause. There was no evidence of convective transport directly into the lower stratosphere from these flights. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Trace elements
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Aircraft measurements
KW  - Chemical tracers
KW  - Convection
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Lower stratosphere
KW  - Methyl iodide
KW  - Methyl nitrate
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Tropical tropopause
KW  - Upper troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 12239675; Ridley, B. 1; Atlas, E. 1; Email Address: eatlas@rsmas.miami.edu; Selkirk, H. 2; Pfister, L. 3; Montzka, D. 1; Walega, J. 1; Donnelly, S. 1; Stroud, V. 1; Richard, E. 4; Kelly, K. 4; Tuck, A. 4; Thompson, T. 4; Reeves, J. 5; Baumgardner, D. 6; Rawlins, W.T. 7; Mahoney, M. 8; Herman, R. 8; Friedl, R. 8; Moore, F. 9,10; Ray, E. 9,10; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Aeronomy Laboratory, NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 5: Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA; 6: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico DF 04510, Mexico; 7: Physical Sciences Inc., 20 New England Business Center, Andover, MA 01810, USA; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 9: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 10: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Issue Info: Mar2004, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p1259; Thesaurus Term: Trace elements; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical tracers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lower stratosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methyl iodide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methyl nitrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical tropopause; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upper troposphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.11.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
T1  - Analysis of internally cooled structures using a higher order theory
JO  - Computers & Structures
JF  - Computers & Structures
Y1  - 2004/03/15/
VL  - 82
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 659
SN  - 00457949
AB  - This paper presents the results of a study on the thermo-mechanical behavior of internally cooled silicon nitride structures. Silicon nitride is under consideration for elevated temperature aerospace engine applications, and techniques for lowering the operating temperature of structures composed of this material are under development. Lowering the operating temperature provides a large payoff in terms of fatigue life and may be accomplished through the use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and the novel concept of included cooling channels. Herein, an in depth study is performed on the behavior of a flame-impinged silicon nitride plate with a TBC and internal channels cooled by forced air. The analysis is performed using the higher order theory for functionally graded materials (HOTFGM), which has been developed through NASA Glenn Research Center funding over the past several years. HOTFGM was chosen over the traditional finite element approach in order to facilitate examination of functionally graded silicon nitride structures for which HOTFGM is ideally suited. To accommodate the analysis requirements of the internally cooled plate problem, two crucial enhancements were made to the two-dimensional Cartesian-based version of HOTFGM, namely, incorporation of internal boundary capabilities and incorporation of convective boundary conditions. Results indicate the viability and large benefits of cooling the plate via forced air through cooling channels. Furthermore, cooling can positively impact the stress and displacement fields present in the plate, yielding an additional payoff in terms of fatigue life. Results illustrating the benefits associated with particular cooling channel arrangements and functionally grading the silicon nitride material are also presented. Finally, a spin off capability resulted from inclusion of internal boundaries within HOTFGM; the ability to simulate the thermo-elastic response of structures with curved surfaces. This new capability is demonstrated, and through comparison with an analytical solution, shown to be viable and accurate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - COOLING
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - TEMPERATURE control
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Elasticity
KW  - Parametric study
KW  - Thermal analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 12709878; Arnold, Steven M. 1; Email Address: s.arnold@grc.nasa.gov Bednarcyk, Brett A. 2 Aboudi, Jacob 3; Affiliation:  1: Life Prediction Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 49-7, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 82 Issue 7/8, p659; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parametric study; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruc.2003.11.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omoregie, Enoma O.
AU  - Crumbliss, Lori L.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Zehr, Jonathan P.
T1  - Comparison of diazotroph community structure in Lyngbya sp. and Microcoleus chthonoplastes dominated microbial mats from Guerrero Negro, Baja, Mexico
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2004/03/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 305
SN  - 01686496
AB  - The nitrogenase activity and phylogenetic diversity of nitrogen fixing microorganisms in several different cyanobacterial mat types from Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico were investigated by acetylene reduction assay, and by amplification and sequencing of the nitrogenase nifH gene. Acetylene reduction assays performed on a Lyngbya sp. and two Microcoleus chthonoplastes dominated microbial mats showed a typical diel pattern of nitrogenase activity in these mats. The highest rates of activity were found at night, with 40 and 37 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1 measured in the Microcoleus mats, and 9 μmol C2H4 m−2 h−1 in the Lyngbya mat. Nitrogenase sequences were obtained that clustered with sequences from cyanobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, and cluster 3 of nifH. In addition, novel and divergent sequences were also recovered. The composition of nifH sequence types recovered differed between the Lyngbya and Microcoleus mats. Interestingly, nifH sequences belonging to filamentous cyanobacteria were absent in most mat samples even though both mats were dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria. nifH sequences clustering with those of unicellular cyanobacteria were found, some of which were virtually identical to the nifH sequence from Halothece sp. MPI96P605, which had previously been isolated from the mat. In manipulation experiments, the Lyngbya and Microcoleus mats were allowed to re-colonize a cleared surface. In these developing mats, nifH sequences not previously observed in the mats were discovered. Our results showed that organisms capable of N2 fixation were present in N2 fixing mats, that the composition of the N2 fixing communities differs between mats, and that filamentous cyanobacterial diazotrophs may not have a large role in the early stages of mat development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - PROKARYOTES
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - Cyanobacterial mat
KW  - Lyngbya
KW  - Microcoleus
KW  - nifH
KW  - Nitrogen fixation
KW  - Nitrogenase
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
N1  - Accession Number: 12381164; Omoregie, Enoma O. 1 Crumbliss, Lori L. 1 Bebout, Brad M. 2 Zehr, Jonathan P. 1; Email Address: zehrj@ucsc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Ocean Sciences and Institute of Marine Sciences, Earth and Marine Science Bldg., University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p305; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: PROKARYOTES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacterial mat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lyngbya; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microcoleus; Author-Supplied Keyword: nifH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen fixation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogenase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymerase chain reaction; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0168-6496(03)00301-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Takmeng Wong
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Yongxiang Hu, Bruce A.
T1  - Examination of the Decadal Tropical Mean ERBS Nonscanner Radiation Data for the Iris Hypothesis.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2004/03/15/
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1239
EP  - 1246
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Recent studies of the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) nonscanner radiation data indicate decadal changes in tropical cloudiness and unexpected radiative anomalies between the 1980s and 1990s. In this study, the ERBS decadal observations are compared with the predictions of the Iris hypothesis using 3.5-box model. To further understand the predictions, the tropical radiative properties observed from recent Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiation budget experiment [the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) parameters] are used to replace the modeled values in the Iris hypothesis. The predicted variations of the radiation fields strongly depend on the relationship (-22% K[sup -1] ) of tropical high cloud and sea surface temperature (SST) assumed by the Iris hypothesis. On the decadal time scale, the predicted tropical mean radiative flux anomalies are generally significantly different from those of the ERBS measurements, suggesting that the decadal ERBS nonscanner radiative energy budget measurements do not support the strong negative feedback of the Iris effect. Poor agreements between the satellite data and model predictions even when the tropical radiative properties from CERES observations (LaRC parameters) are used imply that besides the Iris-modeled tropical radiative properties, the unrealistic variations of tropical high cloud generated from the detrainment of deep convection with SST assumed by the Iris hypothesis are likely to be another major factor for causing the deviation between the predictions and observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Terrestrial radiation
KW  - Cloudiness
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Nuclear energy
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 12556333; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: b.lin@larc.nasa.gov; Takmeng Wong 1; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Yongxiang Hu, Bruce A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Mar2004, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p1239; Thesaurus Term: Terrestrial radiation; Thesaurus Term: Cloudiness; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Nuclear energy; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schubert, Siegfried D.
AU  - Suarez, Max J.
AU  - Region, Philip J.
AU  - Koster, Randal D.
AU  - Bacmeister, Julio T.
T1  - On the Cause of the 1930s Dust Bowl.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/03/19/
VL  - 303
IS  - 5665
M3  - Article
SP  - 1855
EP  - 1859
SN  - 00368075
AB  - During the 1930s, the United States experienced one of the most devastating droughts of the past century. The drought affected almost two-thirds of the country and parts of Mexico and Canada and was infamous for the numerous dust storms that occurred in the southern Great Plains. In this study, we present model results that indicate that the drought was caused by anomalous tropical sea surface temperatures during that decade and that interactions between the atmosphere and the land surface increased its severity. We also contrast the 1930s drought with other North American droughts of the 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Droughts
KW  - Natural disasters
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Dust storms -- United States
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 12697276; Schubert, Siegfried D. 1; Email Address: schubert@gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov; Suarez, Max J. 1; Region, Philip J. 1,2; Koster, Randal D. 1; Bacmeister, Julio T. 1,3; Affiliations: 1: Earth Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, USA.; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center (GEST), University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.; Issue Info: 3/19/2004, Vol. 303 Issue 5665, p1855; Thesaurus Term: Droughts; Thesaurus Term: Natural disasters; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Subject Term: Dust storms -- United States; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3797
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sovinec, C.R.
AU  - Glasser, A.H.
AU  - Gianakon, T.A.
AU  - Barnes, D.C.
AU  - Nebel, R.A.
AU  - Kruger, S.E.
AU  - Schnack, D.D.
AU  - Plimpton, S.J.
AU  - Tarditi, A.
AU  - Chu, M.S.
T1  - Nonlinear magnetohydrodynamics simulation using high-order finite elements
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2004/03/20/
VL  - 195
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 355
SN  - 00219991
AB  - A conforming representation composed of 2D finite elements and finite Fourier series is applied to 3D nonlinear non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics using a semi-implicit time-advance. The self-adjoint semi-implicit operator and variational approach to spatial discretization are synergistic and enable simulation in the extremely stiff conditions found in high temperature plasmas without sacrificing the geometric flexibility needed for modeling laboratory experiments. Growth rates for resistive tearing modes with experimentally relevant Lundquist number are computed accurately with time-steps that are large with respect to the global Alfve´n time and moderate spatial resolution when the finite elements have basis functions of polynomial degree (p) two or larger. An error diffusion method controls the generation of magnetic divergence error. Convergence studies show that this approach is effective for continuous basis functions with <f>p&ges;2</f>, where the number of test functions for the divergence control terms is less than the number of degrees of freedom in the expansion for vector fields. Anisotropic thermal conduction at realistic ratios of parallel to perpendicular conductivity <f>(χ&par;/χ⊥)</f> is computed accurately with <f>p&ges;3</f> without mesh alignment. A simulation of tearing-mode evolution for a shaped toroidal tokamak equilibrium demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm in nonlinear conditions, and its results are used to verify the accuracy of the numerical anisotropic thermal conduction in 3D magnetic topologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - 65M60
KW  - Anisotropic diffusion
KW  - Finite element
KW  - Magnetohydrodynamic simulation
KW  - Semi-implicit
N1  - Accession Number: 12382847; Sovinec, C.R. 1; Email Address: sovinec@engr.wisc.edu Glasser, A.H. 2 Gianakon, T.A. 2 Barnes, D.C. 2 Nebel, R.A. 2 Kruger, S.E. 3 Schnack, D.D. 3 Plimpton, S.J. 4 Tarditi, A. 5 Chu, M.S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1609, USA  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  3: Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121, USA  4: Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA  5: Advanced Space Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77050, USA  6: General Atomics Corporation, San Diego, CA 92138, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 195 Issue 1, p355; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M60; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropic diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetohydrodynamic simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-implicit; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.10.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casper, J.
AU  - Farassat, F.
T1  - Broadband trailing edge noise predictions in the time domain
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2004/03/22/
VL  - 271
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - A recently developed analytic result in acoustics, “Formulation 1B,” is used to compute broadband trailing edge noise from an unsteady surface pressure distribution on a thin airfoil in the time domain. This formulation is a new solution of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings equation with the loading source term, and has been shown in previous research to provide time domain predictions of broadband noise that are in excellent agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, this formulation lends itself readily to rotating reference frames and statistical analysis of broadband trailing edge noise. In the present work, Formulation 1B is used to calculate the farfield noise radiated from the trailing edge of a NACA 0012 airfoil in a low Mach number flow, using both analytical and experimental data on the airfoil surface. The acoustic predictions are compared with analytical results and experimental measurements that are available in the literature. Good agreement between predictions and measurements is obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - MACH number
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 12238703; Casper, J. 1; Email Address: jay.h.casper@nasa.gov Farassat, F. 2; Email Address: ferri.farassat@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Aeroacoustics Branch, Mail Stop 461, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2004, Vol. 271 Issue 1/2, p159; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0022-460X(03)00367-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knuteson, R.O.
AU  - Best, F.A.
AU  - DeSlover, D.H.
AU  - Osborne, B.J.
AU  - Revercomb, H.E.
AU  - Smith Sr., W.L.
T1  - Infrared land surface remote sensing using high spectral resolution aircraft observations
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 33
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1114
SN  - 02731177
AB  - A method for emissivity–temperature separation using high spectral resolution infrared observations is presented. An additional constraint is available with high spectral resolution observations that allow for the determination of an effective surface temperature and effective surface emissivity spectrum appropriate for advanced atmospheric temperature and water vapor sounders. The method is illustrated using observations from a high altitude aircraft over a ground truth site in North Central Oklahoma, USA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - AERI
KW  - AIRS
KW  - Emissivity
KW  - ER-2
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Land
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - S-HIS
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 12977577; Knuteson, R.O. 1; Email Address: robert.knuteson@ssec.wisc.edu Best, F.A. 1 DeSlover, D.H. 1 Osborne, B.J. 1 Revercomb, H.E. 1 Smith Sr., W.L. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Wisconsin-Madison Space Science and Engineering Center, 1225 W. Dayton, Madison, WI 53706, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 100 NASA Road, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 33 Issue 7, p1114; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERI; Author-Supplied Keyword: AIRS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: ER-2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: S-HIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0273-1177(03)00752-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marzocca, Piergiovanni
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
T1  - Nonlinear Open-/Closed-Loop Aeroelastic Analysis of Airfoils via Volterra Series.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 673
EP  - 686
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Determination of the subcritical aeroelastic response to arbitrary time-dependent external excitation and determination of the flutter instability of open/closed-loop two-dimensional nonlinear airfoils constitute the main topics. To address these problems, Volterra series and indicial aerodynamic functions are used, and, in the same context, the pertinent aeroelastic nonlinear kernels are determined. Flutter instability predictions obtained within this approach compared with their counterparts generated via the frequency eigenvalue analysis and via experiments reveal excellent agreements. Implications of a number of important parameters characterizing the lifting surface and control law on the aeroelastic response/flutter are discussed, and pertinent conclusions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - VOLTERRA series
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
N1  - Accession Number: 13576884; Marzocca, Piergiovanni 1 Silva, Walter A. 2 Librescu, Liviu 3; Affiliation:  1: Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p673; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: VOLTERRA series; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 39 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reda, Daniel C.
T1  - Comment on 'Role of Transient Growth in Roughness-Induced Transition'.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 771
EP  - 771
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Comments on E. Reshotko and A. Tumin's article about the role of transient growth in roughness-induced transition on blunt bodies at hypersonic speeds.  Critical Reynolds number; Application of the transition model to the design of actual reentry systems; Passive ablating noisetip correlating approach.
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 13576894; Reda, Daniel C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, California; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p771; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yanzhao Cao
AU  - Hussaini, M. Yousuff
AU  - Zang, Thomas A.
T1  - Exploitation of Sensitivity Derivatives for Improving Sampling Methods. agreement with those computed by the finite element method.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 815
EP  - 822
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Many application codes, such as finite element structural analyses and computational fluid dynamics codes, are capable of producing many sensitivity derivatives at a small fraction of the cost of the underlying analysis. A simple variance reduction method is described that exploits such inexpensive sensitivity derivatives to increase the accuracy of sampling methods. Five examples, including a finite element structural analysis of an aircraft wing, are provided that illustrate an order of magnitude improvement in accuracy for both Monte Carlo and stratified sampling schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - SAMPLING (Statistics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 13576899; Yanzhao Cao 1 Hussaini, M. Yousuff 2 Zang, Thomas A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida  2: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p815; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: SAMPLING (Statistics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bol'shakov, A.A.
AU  - Cruden, B.A.
AU  - Mogul, R.
AU  - Rao, M.V.V.S.
AU  - Sharma, S.P.
AU  - Khare, N.N.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Radio-Frequency Oxygen Plasma as a Sterilization Source.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 823
EP  - 832
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An oxygen plasma sustained at 13.56 MHz in a standardized reactor with a planar induction coil was used for biological decontamination experiments. Optical emission, mass spectrometry, Langmuir probe, and electrical measurements were applied to detection of chemical species and ion-energy and flux analysis. These diagnostics identified a plasma-mode transition in the range of 13-67-Pa pressure and 100-330-W power to the induction coil. At higher pressure and lower power, the plasma was sustained in a dim mode (primarily by stray capacitive coupling). A primarily inductive bright mode was attained at lower pressure and higher power. The coupling mode of plasma operation was then monitored by emission spectroscopy on an analogous, scaled-down reactor for biological degradation tests. Plasmid DNA degradation efficacies were compared in both plasma modes. DNA removal was ∼25% more efficient in the inductively coupled mode than in the capacitively coupled mode at the same power. The fast degradation was attributed to synergetic mechanisms (photo- and ion-assisted etching by oxygen atoms and perhaps O2* metastable molecules). Volatilization rates of the decomposition products (CO2, CO, N2, OH, H) evolving from the microbial (Deinococcus radiodurans) and polypeptide samples exposed to the plasma were compared. A plasma sustained in Martian atmosphere is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - STERILIZATION (Disinfection)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - DNA
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 13576900; Bol'shakov, A.A. 1 Cruden, B.A. 1; Email Address: bcruden@mail.arc.nasa.gov Mogul, R. 1; Email Address: mogul@fau.edu Rao, M.V.V.S. 1 Sharma, S.P. 1; Email Address: ssharma@mail.arc.nasa.gov Khare, N.N. 1; Email Address: bkhare@mail.arc.nasa.gov Meyyappan, M. 1; Email Address: meyya@orbit.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASa Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p823; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: STERILIZATION (Disinfection); Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meck, Janice V.
AU  - Waters, Wendy W.
AU  - Ziegler, Michael G.
AU  - deBlock, Heidi F.
AU  - Mills, Paul J.
AU  - Robertson, David
AU  - Huang, Paul L.
T1  - Mechanisms of postspaceflight orthostatic hypotension: low α1-adrenergic receptor responses before flight and central autonomic dysregulation postflight.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - H1486
EP  - H1495
SN  - 03636135
AB  - Although all astronauts experience symptoms of orthostatic intolerance after short-duration spaceflight, only ∼20% actually experience presyncope during upright posture on landing day. The presyncopal group is characterized by low vascular resistance before and after flight and low norepinephrine release during orthostatic stress on landing day. Our purpose was to determine the mechanisms of the differences between presyncopal and nonpresyncopal groups. We studied 23 astronauts 10 days before launch, on landing day, and 3 days after landing. We measured pressor responses to phenylephrine injections; norepinephrine release with tyramine injections; plasma volumes; resting plasma levels of chromogranin A (a marker of sympathetic nerve terminal release), endothelin, dihydroxyphenylglycol (DHPG, an intracellular metabolite of norepinephfine); and lymphocyte β2-adrenergic receptors. We then measured hemodynamic and neurohumoral responses to upright tilt. Astronauts were separated into two groups according to their ability to complete 10 min of upright tilt on landing day. Compared with astronauts who were not presyncopal on landing day, presyncopal astronauts had 1) significantly smaller pressor responses to phenylephrine both before and after flight; 2) significantly smaller baseline norepinephrine, but significantly greater DHPG levels, on landing day; 3) significantly greater norepinephrine release with tyramine on landing day; and 4) significantly smaller norepinephrine release, but significantly greater epinephrine and arginine vasopressin release, with upright tilt on landing day. These data suggest that the etiology of orthostatic hypotension and presyncope after spaceflight includes low α1-adrenergic receptor responsiveness before flight and a remodeling of the central nervous system during spaceflight such that sympathetic responses to baroreceptor input become impaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TYRAMINE
KW  - ARGININE
KW  - VASOPRESSIN
KW  - VASCULAR resistance
KW  - CHROMOGRANINS
KW  - ENDOTHELINS
KW  - CATECHOLAMINES
KW  - arginine vasopressin
KW  - dihydroxyphenylglycol
KW  - phenylephrine
KW  - tilt tests
KW  - tyramine
N1  - Accession Number: 12873471; Meck, Janice V. 1; Email Address: jmeck@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Waters, Wendy W. 2 Ziegler, Michael G. 3 deBlock, Heidi F. 4 Mills, Paul J. 3 Robertson, David 5 Huang, Paul L. 6; Affiliation:  1: Human Adaptation and Countermeasure Office, Space and Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston  2: National Space Biomedical Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas  3: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California  4: Department of Surgery, Albany Medical  College, Albany, New York  5: Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee  6: Department of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 55 Issue 4, pH1486; Subject Term: TYRAMINE; Subject Term: ARGININE; Subject Term: VASOPRESSIN; Subject Term: VASCULAR resistance; Subject Term: CHROMOGRANINS; Subject Term: ENDOTHELINS; Subject Term: CATECHOLAMINES; Author-Supplied Keyword: arginine vasopressin; Author-Supplied Keyword: dihydroxyphenylglycol; Author-Supplied Keyword: phenylephrine; Author-Supplied Keyword: tilt tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: tyramine; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shariff, Karim
AU  - Ghosal, Sandip
T1  - Peak tailing in electrophoresis due to alteration of the wall charge by adsorbed analytes a: Numerical simulations and asymptotic theory
JO  - Analytica Chimica Acta
JF  - Analytica Chimica Acta
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 507
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
SN  - 00032670
AB  - When analytes containing cationic components, such as proteins, are separated in fused silica capillaries or micro-chips, they adsorb strongly to the negatively charged channel walls. Broadened and highly asymmetric peaks in the detector signal is symptomatic of the presence of such wall interactions. Band broadening is caused by the introduction of shear into the electroosmotic flow which leads to Taylor dispersion. The shearing flow in turn is caused by axial variations in zeta-potential due to adsorbed analytes. In this paper, numerical solutions of the coupled electro-hydrodynamic equations for fluid flow and the advection-diffusion equation for analyte concentration are presented in the limit of thin Debye layers. The simulations reproduce many of the qualitative effects of wall adsorption familiar from observation. Further, the simulation results are compared, and found to agree very well (to within a percent for characteristic values of the parameters) with a recently developed asymptotic theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Analytica Chimica Acta is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - SILICA
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - Capillary zone electrophoresis
KW  - Dispersion
KW  - Wall interactions
N1  - Accession Number: 12235739; Shariff, Karim 1 Ghosal, Sandip 2; Email Address: s-ghosal@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94305, USA  2: Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 507 Issue 1, p87; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capillary zone electrophoresis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dispersion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wall interactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.aca.2003.10.052
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Biennier, Ludovic
AU  - Salama, Farid
AU  - Gupta, Manish
AU  - O'Keefe, Anthony
T1  - Multiplex integrated cavity output spectroscopy of cold PAH cations
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 387
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Multiplex Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy (MICOS) is a new cavity-enhanced absorption method that allows the use of broadband dye nanosecond pulsed laser sources and offers a sensitivity equivalent to CRDS. MICOS has been coupled to a pulsed discharge slit nozzle to measure the spectra of the cold naphthalene (C10H8+), acenaphthene (C12H10+) and pyrene (C16H10+) cations in the gas phase. A femtosecond relaxation timescale is measured for the <f>D5←D0 (0–0)</f> transition of C16H10+. Spectra recorded at high plasma energies also show evidence of fragmentation. The CH radical is observed and carbon nanoparticles are generated in the plasma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAPHTHALENE
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
N1  - Accession Number: 12575244; Biennier, Ludovic 1; Email Address: ludovic.biennier@univ-rennes1.fr Salama, Farid 1 Gupta, Manish 2 O'Keefe, Anthony 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Los Gatos Research, 67 East Evelyn Ave., Suite 3, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 387 Issue 4-6, p287; Subject Term: NAPHTHALENE; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.02.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olson, S. L.
AU  - Hegde, U.
AU  - Bhattacharjee, S.
AU  - Deering, J. L.
AU  - Tang, L.
AU  - Altenkirch, R. A.
T1  - SOUNDING ROCKET MICROGRAVITY EXPERIMENTS ELUCIDATING DIFFUSIVE AND RADIATIVE TRANSPORT EFFECTS ON FLAME SPREAD OVER THERMALLY THICK SOLIDS.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 176
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 557
EP  - 584
SN  - 00102202
AB  - A series of 6-min microgravity combustion experiments of opposed-flow  flame spread over thermally thick PMMA has been conducted to extend data previously reported at high opposed flows to almost two decades lower in  flow. The effect of flow velocity on flame spread shows a square-root power-law dependence rather than the linear dependence predicted by thermal theory. The experiments demonstrate that opposed-flow flame spread is viable to  very low velocities and is more robust than expected from the two-dimensional numerical model, which predicts that, at very low velocities (< 5  cm/s), flame spread rates fall off more rapidly as flow is reduced. It is hypothesized  that the enhanced flame spread observed in the experiments may be due to three- dimensional hydrodynamic effects, which are not included in the zero- gravity, two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The effect of external irradiation was also studied and its effects were found to be more complex than the model predicted over the 0-2 W/cm² range. In the experiments, the flame  compensated for the increased irradiation by stabilizing farther from the surface. A surface energy balance reveals that the imposed flux was at least  partially offset by a reduced conductive flux from the increased standoff distance  so that the effect on flame spread was weaker than anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - flame spread
KW  - microgravity
KW  - opposed flow
KW  - radiation
KW  - thick solid
N1  - Accession Number: 13829799; Olson, S. L. 1; Email Address: sandra.olson.@grc.nasa.gov; Hegde, U. 2; Bhattacharjee, S. 3; Deering, J. L. 4; Tang, L. 4; Altenkirch, R. A. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2: National Center for Microgravity Research Cleveland, OH, USA; 3: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA; 4: Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; 5: New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA; Issue Info: Apr2004, Vol. 176 Issue 4, p557; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Thesaurus Term: Hydrodynamics; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: flame spread; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: opposed flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: thick solid; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102200490276773
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goyal, Vinay K.
AU  - Jaunky, Navin R.
AU  - Johnson, Eric R.
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - Intralaminar and interlaminar progressive failure analyses of composite panels with circular cutouts
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 64
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
SN  - 02638223
AB  - A progressive failure methodology is developed and demonstrated to simulate the initiation and material degradation of a laminated panel due to intralaminar and interlaminar failures. Initiation of intralaminar failure can be by a matrix-cracking mode, a fiber-matrix shear mode, and a fiber failure mode. Subsequent material degradation is modeled using damage parameters for each mode to selectively reduce lamina material properties. The interlaminar failure mechanism such as delamination is simulated by positioning interface elements between adjacent sublaminates. A nonlinear constitutive law is postulated for the interface element that accounts for a multi-axial stress criteria to detect the initiation of delamination, a mixed-mode fracture criteria for delamination progression, and a damage parameter to prevent restoration of a previous cohesive state. The methodology is validated using experimental data available in the literature on the response and failure of quasi-isotropic panels with centrally located circular cutouts loaded into the postbuckling regime. Very good agreement between the progressive failure analyses and the experimental results is achieved if the failure analyses includes the interaction of intralaminar and interlaminar failures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - COHESION
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Ply failure
KW  - Progressive failure analyses
N1  - Accession Number: 12097423; Goyal, Vinay K. 1; Email Address: vigoyal@vt.edu Jaunky, Navin R. 2; Email Address: n.r.jaunky@larc.nasa.gov Johnson, Eric R. 1; Email Address: erjohns4@vt.edu Ambur, Damodar R. 3; Email Address: d.r.ambur@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 215 Randolph Hall, MS 0203, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0203, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 190, 8 West Taylor St., Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, 2 West Reid St., Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 64 Issue 1, p91; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: COHESION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ply failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Progressive failure analyses; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00217-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Thamdrup, Bo
AU  - Albert, Dan
AU  - Carpenter, Steven P.
AU  - Hogan, Mary
AU  - Turk, Kendra
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
T1  - Methane production by microbial mats under low sulphate concentrations.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 96
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Cyanobacterial mats collected in hypersaline salterns were incubated in a greenhouse under low sulphate concentrations ([ ]) and examined for their primary productivity and emissions of methane and other major carbon species. Atmospheric greenhouse warming by gases such as carbon dioxide and methane must have been greater during the Archean than today in order to account for a record of moderate to warm palaeoclimates, despite a less luminous early sun. It has been suggested that decreased levels of oxygen and sulphate in Archean oceans could have significantly stimulated microbial methanogenesis relative to present marine rates, with a resultant increase in the relative importance of methane in maintaining the early greenhouse. We maintained modern microbial mats, models of ancient coastal marine communities, in artificial brine mixtures containing both modern [ ] ( c. 70 m m) and ‘Archean’[ ] (<0.2 m m). At low [ ], primary production in the mats was essentially unaffected, while rates of sulphate reduction decreased by a factor of three, and methane fluxes increased by up to 10-fold. However, remineralization by methanogenesis still amounted to less than 0.4% of the total carbon released by the mats. The relatively low efficiency of conversion of photosynthate to methane is suggested to reflect the particular geometry and chemical microenvironment of hypersaline cyanobacterial mats. Therefore, such mats were probably relatively weak net sources of methane throughout their 3.5 Ga history, even during periods of low environmental levels oxygen and sulphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - METHANE
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 13604537; Bebout, Brad M. 1; Email Address: brad.m.bebout@nasa.gov Hoehler, Tori M. 1 Thamdrup, Bo 2 Albert, Dan 3 Carpenter, Steven P. 1 Hogan, Mary 4 Turk, Kendra 4 Des Marais, David J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odeuse M, Denmark  3: Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 12-7 Venable Hall; CB#3300, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA  4: University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 2 Issue 2, p87; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00024.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Lee F.
AU  - Pierce, Lars
T1  - Indirect Measurement of Leaf Area Index in California North Coast Vineyards.
JO  - HortScience
JF  - HortScience
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 236
EP  - 238
SN  - 00185345
AB  - The performance of the LI-COR LAI-2000 Plant Canopy Analyzer (PCA) for indirect measurement of leaf area index (LAI) was evaluated in vineyards of Californias North Coast region. Twelve plots were established, representing vineyards of differing trellis, cultivar, and planting density. Mean LAI ranged from 0.5- to 2.25-m² leaf area per m² ground  area by direct measurement (defoliation). Indirect LAI derived by a standard two-azimuth, diagonal-transect measurement protocol was significantly related to direct LAI (r² = 0.78, P ≤ 0.001). However, the PCA underestimated direct LAI by about a factor of two. Narrowing the instruments conical field of view from 148° to 56° increased indirect LAI by 13% to 60% in vertically trained plots, but still resulted in substantial underestimation of direct values. Use of this PCA protocol in vineyards should therefore be accompanied by direct measurement for calibration purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of HortScience is the property of American Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOLIAR diagnosis
KW  - VINEYARDS
KW  - TRELLISES
KW  - PLANT varieties
KW  - PLANT phenology
KW  - PLANT canopies
KW  - LAI
KW  - LI-COR Plant Canopy Analyzer
KW  - light interception
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Winegrape
N1  - Accession Number: 13583489; Johnson, Lee F. 1; Email Address: ljohnson@mail.arc.nasa.gov Pierce, Lars 2; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, NASA Ames Research Center, MS242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Institute for Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p236; Subject Term: FOLIAR diagnosis; Subject Term: VINEYARDS; Subject Term: TRELLISES; Subject Term: PLANT varieties; Subject Term: PLANT phenology; Subject Term: PLANT canopies; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: LI-COR Plant Canopy Analyzer; Author-Supplied Keyword: light interception; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Winegrape; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111330 Non-citrus fruit and tree nut farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111332 Grape Vineyards; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
AU  - Khare, Bishun N.
AU  - Elsila, Jamie E.
AU  - Bakes, Emma L.O.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Sugita, Seiji
AU  - Matsui, Takafumi
AU  - Zare, Richard N.
T1  - Laboratory experiments of Titan tholin formed in cold plasma at various pressures: implications for nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds in Titan haze
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 168
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, has a thick nitrogen/methane atmosphere with a thick global organic haze. A laboratory analogue of Titan''s haze, called tholin, was formed in an inductively coupled plasma from <f>nitrogen/methane=90/10</f> gas mixture at various pressures ranging from 13 to 2300 Pa. Chemical and optical properties of the resulting tholin depend on the deposition pressure in cold plasma. Structural analyses by IR and UV/VIS spectroscopy, microprobe laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry, and Raman spectroscopy suggest that larger amounts of aromatic ring structures with larger cluster size are formed at lower pressures (13 and 26 Pa) than at higher pressures (160 and 2300 Pa). Nitrogen is more likely to incorporate into carbon networks in tholins formed at lower pressures, while nitrogen is bonded as terminal groups at higher pressures. Elemental analysis reveals that the carbon/nitrogen ratio in tholins increases from 1.5–2 at lower pressures to 3 at 2300 Pa. The increase in the aromatic compounds and the decrease in C/N ratio in tholin formed at low pressures indicate the presence of the nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds in tholin formed at low pressures. Tholin formed at high pressure (2300 Pa) consists of a polymer-like branched chain structure terminated with &z.sbnd;CH3, &z.sbnd;NH2, and &z.sbnd;C&z.tbnd;N with few aromatic compounds. Reddish-brown tholin films formed at low pressures (13–26 Pa) shows stronger absorptions (almost 10 times larger <f>k</f>-value) in the UV/VIS range than the yellowish tholin films formed at high pressures (160 and 2300 Pa). The tholins formed at low pressures may be better representations of Titan''s haze than those formed at high pressures, because the optical properties of tholin formed at low pressures agree well with that of Khare et al. (1984a, Icarus 60, 127–137), which have been shown to account for Titan''s observed geometric albedo. Thus, the nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds we find in tholin formed at low pressure may be present in Titan''s haze. These aromatic compounds may have a significant influence on the thermal structure and complex organic chemistry in Titan''s atmosphere, because they are efficient absorbers of UV radiation and efficient charge exchange intermediaries. Our results also indicate that the haze layers at various altitudes might have different chemical and optical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAZE
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ORGANIC chemistry
KW  - Haze
KW  - Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Tholin
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 12504166; Imanaka, Hiroshi 1,2; Email Address: himanaka@mail.arc.nasa.gov Khare, Bishun N. 1 Elsila, Jamie E. 3 Bakes, Emma L.O. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 4 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Sugita, Seiji 2 Matsui, Takafumi 5 Zare, Richard N. 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS239-11 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Japan  3: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 168 Issue 2, p344; Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ORGANIC chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kress, Monika E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Formation of methane in comet impacts: implications for Earth, Mars, and Titan
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 168
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We calculate the amount of methane that may form via reactions catalyzed by metal-rich dust that condenses in the wake of large cometary impacts. Previous models of the gas-phase chemistry of impacts predicted that the terrestrial planets'' atmospheres should be initially dominated by CO/CO2, N2, and H2O. CH4 was not predicted to form in impacts because gas-phase reactions in the explosion quench at temperatures ∼2000 K, at which point all of the carbon is locked in CO. We argue that the dust that condenses out in the wake of a large comet impact is likely to have very effective catalytic properties, opening up reaction pathways to convert CO and H2 to CH4 and CO2, at temperatures of a few hundred K. Together with CO2, CH4 is an important greenhouse gas that has been invoked to compensate for the lower luminosity of the Sun ∼4 Gyr ago. Here, we show that heterogeneous (gas–solid) reactions on freshly-recondensed dust in the impact cloud may provide a plausible nonbiological mechanism for reducing CO to CH4 before and during the emergence of life on Earth, and perhaps Mars as well. These encouraging results emphasize the importance of future research into the kinetics and catalytic properties of astrophysical condensates or “smokes” and also more detailed models to determine the conditions in impact-generated dust clouds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY theories
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - evolution (Atmospheres)
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Planetary formation
KW  - Prebiotic environments
KW  - Terrestrial planets
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 12504176; Kress, Monika E. 1; Email Address: kress@astro.washington.edu McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrobiology and Early Evolution, Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA  2: Space Science Division, MS 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 168 Issue 2, p475; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY theories; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution (Atmospheres); Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.10.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
T1  - Blowing in the wind: III. Accretion of dust rims by chondrule-sized particles in a turbulent protoplanetary nebula
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 168
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 484
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The fabric of primitive meteorites is dominated by small but macroscopic particles—chondrules, refractory mineral inclusions (CAIs), metal grains, and their like. One interesting aspect of these particles is that they are often surrounded by well-attached rims of fine-grained dust which appear to have been “accreted” onto solid mineral cores. The rim thickness varies from one meteorite to another, but there seems to be a proportionality between the thickness of the rim and the size of the core. We make use of recently derived analytical expressions for absolute and relative velocities of chondrule-and-CAI-sized particles in a weakly turbulent nebula (Cuzzi and Hogan, 2003, paper I of this series) to assess the acquisition of fine-grained accretionary dust rims by particles in the chondrule-to-CAI size range. We compare these predictions with meteoritic observations, and show how the existence of fairly compact dust rims on chondrules and similar size objects can be easily understood within the turbulent nebula context. We estimate the time needed to accrete such rims to be in the 102–103 year range. More observations of the form of the correlation between rim and core diameter in dust-rimmed chondrules are needed in order to strongly constrain the environment and history of these objects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Accretion
KW  - Cosmochemistry
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Planetisimals
KW  - Solar nebula
KW  - Solar System (Origin)
N1  - Accession Number: 12504177; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1; Email Address: cuzzi@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 168 Issue 2, p484; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetisimals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar System (Origin); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Dalton, Edan
AU  - Bacon, Andrew
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - Crosstalk Between Finite Ground Coplanar Waveguides Over Polyimide Layers for 3-D MMICs on Si Substrates.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1292
EP  - 1301
SN  - 00189480
AB  - Finite-ground coplanar (FGC) waveguide lines on top of polyimide layers are frequently used to construct three-dimensional Si-SiGe monolithic microwave/millimeter-wave integrated circuits on silicon substrates. Requirements for high-density, low-cost, and compact RF front ends on silicon can lead, however, to high crosstalk between FGC lines and overall circuit performance degradation. This paper presents theoretical and experimental results and associated design guidelines for FGC line coupling on both high- and low.resistivity silicon wafers with a polyimide overlay. It is shown that a gap as small as 6 µm between two adjacent FGC lines can reduce crosstalk by at least 10 dB, that the nature of the coupling mechanism is not the same as with microstrip lines on polyimide layers, and that the coupling is not dependent on the Si resistivity. With careful layout design, isolation values of better than -30 dB can be achieved up to very high frequencies (50 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuit design
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - Coplanar waveguide (CPW)
KW  - coupling
KW  - crosstalk
N1  - Accession Number: 13119567; Papapolymerou, John 1 Ponchak, George E. 2 Dalton, Edan 1 Bacon, Andrew Tentzeris, Manos M. 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology  2: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1292; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuit design; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coplanar waveguide (CPW); Author-Supplied Keyword: coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: crosstalk; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2004.825714
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Guangwen
AU  - Ikegami, Masiki
AU  - Honma, Senji
AU  - Ikeda, Kouji
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Struk, Peter M.
T1  - Interactive influences of convective flow and initial droplet diameter on isolated droplet burning rate
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 47
IS  - 8/9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2029
SN  - 00179310
AB  - In quiescent ambiences the burning rate of an isolated liquid fuel droplet varies with the droplet’s initial diameter <f>d0</f> due to the close surrounding of the droplet in the flame and the subsequent strong action of flame heat, in balance with its loss to ambience, on burning. Suppressing the influence of <f>d0</f> on burning rate was recognized in this communication through burning the droplet in a forced convective flow that sweeps the flame off the droplet to weaken the action of flame heat on burning. The <f>d0</f>-dependent <f>k0</f>, however, affected the correlation <f>k=k0(1+C·Re0.5)</f> for the burning rate in convective flows, where <f>k0</f> and <f>k</f> are the burning rate constants, respectively, in the equi-temperature quiescent and convective-flow ambiences, and <f>Re</f> is the flow’s Reynolds number with respect to <f>d0</f>. Different correlation constants <f>C</f> were acquired when using different <f>d0</f> and its corresponding <f>k0</f> to fit the correlation. In hot conditions (633 K in this article) <f>k0</f> is bigger for larger <f>d0</f>, causing a smaller constant <f>C</f> when taking a larger <f>d0</f> for the correlation. Against this, <f>k0</f> is lower for larger <f>d0</f> in room-temperature ambiences, which resulted in the mutual compensation of the effects from <f>k0</f> and <f>d0</f> on <f>C</f> such that <f>C</f> is basically independent of the values of <f>d0</f> and <f>k0</f>. Besides, the communication showed that <f>C</f> was larger for the gas flow with a higher temperature, revealing an increase in the effect of <f>Re</f> on burning with raising the gas temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID fuels
KW  - FLAME
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - Burning rate
KW  - Convective flow
KW  - Droplet burning
KW  - Flame radiation
KW  - Microgravity combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 11881629; Xu, Guangwen 1 Ikegami, Masiki 1; Email Address: m.ikegami@aist.go.jp Honma, Senji 1 Ikeda, Kouji 1 Dietrich, Daniel L. 2 Struk, Peter M. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hokkaido, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: National Center for Microgravity Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 47 Issue 8/9, p2029; Subject Term: LIQUID fuels; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Burning rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity combustion; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2003.09.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walsh, Brian M.
AU  - Barnes, Norman P.
AU  - Petros, Mulugeta
AU  - Jirong Yu, Mulugeta
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - Spectroscopy and modeling of solid state lanthanide lasers: Application to trivalent Tm[sup 3+] and Ho[sup 3+] in YLiF[sub 4] and LuLiF[sub 4].
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2004/04//4/1/2004
VL  - 95
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3255
EP  - 3271
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Lanthanide series ions are considered in the context of acquiring spectroscopic parameters and their application to modelling of quasifour-level lasers. Tm:Ho codoped crystals of YLiF[sub 4] (YLF) and the isomorphs LuLiF[sub 4] (LuLF) and GdLiF[sub 4] (GdLF) as 2.0 μm lasers are used for illustration of the experimental and theoretical techniques presented here. While these materials have similar physical properties, they differ in the strength of the crystal field at the site of optically active lanthanide dopant ions such as Tm[sup 3+] and Ho[sup 3+]. This is due in part to the size of the Lu[sup 3+], Y[sup 3+], and Gd[sup 3+] ions, which comprise part of the host lattice, but ionicity plays a role as well. This selection of lanthanide: host materials provides a useful basis on which to assess laser materials with regards to changes in the strength of the crystal field at the dopant ion site. It is demonstrated that Tm:Ho:LuLF has a larger crystal field splitting than Tm:Ho:YLF and Tm:Ho:GdLF, leading to smaller thermal populations in the Ho lower laser level. To assess this effect quantitatively, the energy levels of the first ten manifolds in Ho:LuLF have been determined. Measurement of Ho:XLiF[sub 4] (X=Y,Lu,Gd) emission cross sections at 2.0 μm, Tm:XLiF[sub 4] pump absorption cross sections around 0.78 μm, manifold to manifold decay times and energy transfer parameters in Tm:Ho:XLiF[sub 4] systems are also determined to provide a consistent set of parameters to use in laser modeling. The techniques presented here are applicable to any lanthanide series ion in a crystalline host. A theoretical laser model has been developed that is easily adapted to any lanthanide ion in a crystal host. The model is used to predict diode side-pumped laser performance of Tm:Ho:LuLF and Tm:Ho:YLF using input parameters determined from the spectroscopy presented here. An explanation is presented for the improved performance of Tm:Ho:LuLF over Tm:Ho:YLF by modeling the laser. A demonstration that small changes in lower laser thermal population can substantially alter laser performance is noted, an effect that has not been fully appreciated previously. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID-state lasers
KW  - RARE earth metals
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - LITHIUM compounds
KW  - HOLMIUM
KW  - THULIUM
N1  - Accession Number: 12556292; Walsh, Brian M. 1; Email Address: brian.m.walsh@nasa.gov Barnes, Norman P. 1 Petros, Mulugeta 2 Jirong Yu, Mulugeta 1 Singh, Upendra N. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: 4/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 7, p3255; Subject Term: SOLID-state lasers; Subject Term: RARE earth metals; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: LITHIUM compounds; Subject Term: HOLMIUM; Subject Term: THULIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1649808
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharma, S.P.
AU  - Cruden, B.A.
AU  - Rao, M.V.V.S.
AU  - Bolshakov, A.A.
T1  - Analysis of emission data from O[sub 2] plasmas used for microbe sterilization.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2004/04//4/1/2004
VL  - 95
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3324
EP  - 3333
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - In order to study the sterilization capabilities of radio frequency driven low pressure oxygen plasmas, the radiative emission was recorded at various pressures and input powers. A distinct transition from the bright mode (primarily inductively coupled) to a dim mode (primarily capacitively coupled) was observed as the pressure was increased and/or the power decreased. The data was further analyzed to estimate the electron temperature, rotational and vibrational temperatures, and various species concentrations. Based on the diffusion and rovibrational relaxation times, it is concluded that the rotational temperatures can be assumed to be in equilibrium with the translational temperature. The ions are produced “hot” and have little time to get equilibrated with the translational temperature. It is further determined that in the bright mode, which is more effective in microbe sterilization, the translational/rotational temperatures are in the 650–850 K range, the electron temperatures are low (3.5–4.5 eV), and the concentrations of atomic O and atomic metastables are at 1 order of magnitude higher than in the dim mode. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - STERILIZATION (Disinfection)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - ELECTRON temperature
KW  - RELAXATION phenomena
N1  - Accession Number: 12556284; Sharma, S.P. 1; Email Address: surendra.p.sharma@nasa.gov Cruden, B.A. 2 Rao, M.V.V.S. 2 Bolshakov, A.A. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Plasma Research Laboratory, NASA-Ames Research Center, California  2: ELORET, NASA-Ames Research Center, California  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, California  4: Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University, Russia; Source Info: 4/1/2004, Vol. 95 Issue 7, p3324; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: STERILIZATION (Disinfection); Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: ELECTRON temperature; Subject Term: RELAXATION phenomena; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1650921
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lieberman, R.S.
AU  - Oberheide, J.
AU  - Hagan, M.E.
AU  - Remsberg, E.E.
AU  - Gordley, L.L.
T1  - Variability of diurnal tides and planetary waves during November 1978–May 1979
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 66
IS  - 6-9
M3  - Article
SP  - 517
EP  - 528
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Nonlinear interactions between stationary waves and the migrating tides have been proposed as possible sources of nonmigrating tides in the middle and upper atmosphere. The objective of this study is to increase observational support for these processes. We examine the evolution of stationary planetary waves and nonmigrating diurnal tides in the lower mesosphere during November 1978–May 1979, based on a newly released, version 6 of the Nimbus 7 LIMS dataset. Planetary wavenumber one is large and variable during the Northern hemisphere winter months, reaching peak amplitude in the lower mesosphere between 20 and 30 January. This behavior is accompanied by rapid amplification of nonmigrating diurnal tides with zonal wavenumbers zero and two. These components correspond to product waves generated by interaction between the migrating diurnal tide and the stationary wave. The westward traveling zonal wavenumber two diurnal tide is dominant at tropical latitudes, in accordance with theoretical studies. The correlation between the nonmigrating tide and stationary wavenumber one is highest when the stationary wave penetrates to subtropical latitudes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Diurnal variations
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC waves
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Diurnal
KW  - Middle atmosphere dynamics
KW  - Planetary waves
KW  - Tides
N1  - Accession Number: 13102983; Lieberman, R.S. 1; Email Address: ruth@co-ra.com Oberheide, J. 2 Hagan, M.E. 2 Remsberg, E.E. 3 Gordley, L.L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Northwest Research Associates, Colorado Research Associates Division, 3380, Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: G & A Technical Software, Inc., Newport News, VA, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 66 Issue 6-9, p517; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Diurnal variations; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC waves; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diurnal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Middle atmosphere dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tides; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2004.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Dunyou
AU  - Huo, Winifred M.
AU  - Dateo, Christopher E.
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Stallcop, James R.
T1  - Quantum study of the N+N[sub 2] exchange reaction: State-to-state reaction probabilities, initial state selected probabilities, Feshbach resonances, and product distributions.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2004/04//4/1/2004
VL  - 120
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 6041
EP  - 6050
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We report a detailed three-dimensional time-dependent quantum dynamics study of the state-to-state N+N[sub 2] exchange scattering in the 2.1–3.2 eV range using a recently developed ab initio potential energy surface (PES). The reactive flux arrives at the dividing surface in the asymptotic product region in a series of six packets, instead of a single packet. Further study shows that these features arise from the “Lake Eyring” region of the PES, a region with a shallow well between two transition states. Trappings due to Feshbach resonances are found to be the major cause of the time delay. A detailed analysis of the Feshbach resonance features is carried out using an L[sup 2] calculation of the metastable states in the “Lake Eyring” region. Strong resonance features are found in the state-to-state and initial state selected reaction probabilities. The metastable states with bending motions and/or bending coupled with stretching motions are found to be the predominant source of the resonance structure. Initial state selected reaction probabilities further indicate that the lifetimes of the metastable states with bending motions in the “Lake Eyring” region are longer than those of states with stretching motions and thus dominate the reactive resonances. Resonance structures are also visible in some of the integral cross sections and should provide a means for future experimental observation of the resonance behavior. A study of the final rotational distributions shows that, for the energy range studied here, the final products are distributed toward high-rotational states. Final vibrational distributions at the temperatures 2000 and 10 000 K are also reported. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
N1  - Accession Number: 12530438; Wang, Dunyou 1; Email Address: dywang@nas.nasa.gov Huo, Winifred M. 1 Dateo, Christopher E. 1 Schwenke, David W. 1 Stallcop, James R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: 4/1/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 13, p6041; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1650834
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12530438&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tong, Michael T.
AU  - Halliwell, Ian
AU  - Ghosn, Louis J.
T1  - A Computer Code for Gas Turbine Engine Weight and Disk Life Estimation.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 126
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 270
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Reliable engine-weight estimation at the conceptual design stage is critical to the development of new aircraft engines. It helps to identify the best engine concept amongst several candidates. In this paper, the major enhancements to NASA's engine-weight estimate computer code (WATE) are described. These enhancements include the incorporation of improved weight-calculation routines for the compressor and turbine disks using the finite difference technique. Furthermore, the stress distribution for various disk geometries was also incorporated, for a life-prediction module to calculate disk life. A material database, consisting of the material data of most of the commonly used aerospace materials, has also been incorporated into WATE. Collectively, these enhancements provide a more realistic and systematic way to calculate the engine weight. They also provide additional insight into the design tradeoff between engine life and engine weight. To demonstrate the new capabilities, the enhanced WATE code is used to perform an engine weight/life tradeoff assessment on a production aircraft engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - COMPUTER files
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - DATABASES
N1  - Accession Number: 13821518; Tong, Michael T. 1 Halliwell, Ian 2 Ghosn, Louis J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 60-7, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191  2: Modern Technologies Corporation, Cleveland, OH  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, OH; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 126 Issue 2, p265; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: COMPUTER files; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: DATABASES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1691980
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hui Zhang
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - A Method for Assessing the Importance of Body Force on Flow Boiling CHF.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 126
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 168
SN  - 00221481
AB  - Experiments were performed to examine the effects of body force on flow boiling CHF. FC-72 was boiled along one wall of a transparent rectangular flow channel that permitted photographic study of the vapor-liquid interface just prior to CHF. High-speed video imaging techniques were used to identify dominant CHF mechanisms corresponding to different flow orientations and liquid velocities. Six different CHF regimes were identified: Wavy Vapor Layer, Pool Boiling, Stratification, Vapor Counterflow, Vapor Stagnation, and Separated Concurrent Vapor Flow CHF showed significant sensitivity to orientation for flow velocities below 0.2 m/s, where extremely low CHF values where measured, especially with downward facing heated wall and downflow orientations. High flow velocities dampened the effects of orientation considerably. The CHF data were used to assess the suitability of previous CHF models and correlations. It is shown the Interfacial Lift-off Model is very effective at predicting CHF for high velocities at all orientations. The flooding limit, on the other hand, is useful at estimating CHF at low velocities and for downflow orientations. A new method consisting of three dimensionless criteria is developed to determine the minimum flow velocity required to overcome body force effects on near-saturated flow boiling CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Heat Transfer is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - EBULLITION
KW  - VAPORS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - Boiling
KW  - Channel Flow
KW  - Heat Transfer
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Phase Change
N1  - Accession Number: 13352760; Hui Zhang 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 126 Issue 2, p161; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: EBULLITION; Subject Term: VAPORS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Channel Flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat Transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase Change; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1651532
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13352760&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaffe, Richard L.
AU  - Gonnet, Pedro
AU  - Werder, Thomas
AU  - Walther, Jens H.
AU  - Koumoutsakos, Petros
T1  - Water-Carbon Interactions 2: Calibration of Potentials using Contact Angle Data for Different Interaction Models.
JO  - Molecular Simulation
JF  - Molecular Simulation
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 216
SN  - 08927022
AB  - Molecular dynamics simulations of water droplets on graphite are carried out to determine the contact angle for different water-carbon potential functions. Following the procedure of Werder et al. [ J. Phys. Chem. B , 107 (2003) 1345], the C-O Lennard-Jones well depth is varied to recover the experimental value for the contact angle (84-86°) using a 2000-molecule water droplet and compensating for the line tension effect that lowers the contact angle for increasing droplet size. For the discrete graphite surface model studied by Werder et al. , the effects of adding C-H Lennard-Jones interactions and changing the long-range cut-off distance are considered. In addition, a continuum graphite surface model is studied for which the water-graphite interaction energy depends only on the normal distance ( z ) from the water oxygen to the surface. This new model, with z -10 repulsion and z -4 attraction, is formulated in terms of the standard Lennard-Jones parameters, for which the recommended values are sgr CO =3.19 Å and ε CO =0.3651 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Simulation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - WATER
KW  - DROPS
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - CONTACT angle
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - Contact angle
KW  - Graphite
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Water-carbon potential functions
KW  - Water-graphite interface
N1  - Accession Number: 12275938; Jaffe, Richard L. 1; Email Address: rjaffe@mail.arc.nasa.gov Gonnet, Pedro 2 Werder, Thomas 2 Walther, Jens H. 2 Koumoutsakos, Petros; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, California  2: Institute of Computational Science, Zurich, Switzerland; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p205; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: DROPS; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: CONTACT angle; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water-carbon potential functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water-graphite interface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen
AU  - P.
AU  - Ng
AU  - H. T.
AU  - Yamada
AU  - T.
AU  - Smith
AU  - M. K.
AU  - Li
AU  - J.
AU  - Han
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Direct Integration of Metal Oxide Nanowire in Vertical Field-Effect Transistor.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 651
EP  - 657
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We demonstrate seamless direct integration of a semiconductor nanowire grown using a bottom-up approach to obtain a vertical field-effect transistor (VFET). We first synthesize single crystalline semiconductor indium oxide (In2O3) nanowires projecting vertically and uniformly on a nonconducting optical sapphire substrate. Direct electrical contact to the nanowires is uniquely provided by a self-assembled underlying In2O3 buffer layer formed in-situ during the nanowire growth. A controlled time-resolved growth study reveals dynamic simultaneous nucleation and epitaxial growth events, driven by two competitive growth mechanisms. Based on the nanowire-integrated platform, a depletion mode n-channel VFET with an In2O3 nanowire constituting the active channel is fabricated. Our unique vertical device architecture could potentially lead to tera-level ultrahigh-density nanoscale electronic, and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
N1  - Accession Number: 12868556; Nguyen P. 1 Ng H. T. 1 Yamada T. 1 Smith M. K. 1 Li J. 1 Han Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p651; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, J.
AU  - Ning, C.Z.
T1  - Collective excitations in InAs quantum well intersubband transitions
JO  - Physica E
JF  - Physica E
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 22
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 628
SN  - 13869477
AB  - Intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum well are studied using a density matrix theory that goes beyond the Hartree–Fock approximation by including the full second order electron–electron scattering terms in the polarization equation for the first time. Even though the spectral features remain qualitatively similar to the results obtained with dephasing rate approximation, significant quantitative changes result from such a more detailed treatment of dephasing. More specifically, we show how the interplay of the two fundamental collective excitations, the Fermi-edge singularity and the intersubband plasmon, leads to significant changes in lineshape as the electron density varies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physica E is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM wells
KW  - EXCITON theory
KW  - ELECTRON distribution
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Carrier scattering
KW  - Fermi edge singularity
KW  - Intersubband plasmon
KW  - Intersubband transitions
KW  - Many-body effects
N1  - Accession Number: 12788141; Li, J. 1 Ning, C.Z.; Email Address: cning@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 22 Issue 1-3, p628; Subject Term: QUANTUM wells; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carrier scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fermi edge singularity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intersubband plasmon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intersubband transitions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Many-body effects; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physe.2003.12.086
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lamar, John E.
AU  - Cronin, Catherine K.
AU  - Scott, Laura E.
T1  - A review of steps taken to create an international virtual laboratory at NASA Langley for aerodynamic prediction and comparison
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 172
SN  - 03760421
AB  - A review of the steps taken to establish an international virtual laboratory (VL) at the NASA Langley Research Center for aerodynamic prediction and comparison of flight data in the post-09/11/2001 cyber-terrorist environment is detailed here. The key features of the VL include an intuitive, web-based user interface for ease of access, a secure high-speed Internet connection between browser and server, a relational database architecture for data and information search, and a secure file-storage system. The detailed planning and handling of such issues as security, computer firewall access and legal protection of data are provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT recorders
KW  - INTERNET
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 13243839; Lamar, John E. 1; Email Address: j.e.lamar@nasa.gov Cronin, Catherine K. 2 Scott, Laura E. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, M.S. 499, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, M.S. 125, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NCI (ConITS Contract), 130 Research Dr., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p163; Subject Term: FLIGHT recorders; Subject Term: INTERNET; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.03.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13243839&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, John E.
T1  - Observation of dust stream formation produced by low current, high voltage cathode spots.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 75
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 947
EP  - 954
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - Macroparticle acceleration driven by low current, high voltage cathode spots has been investigated for potential applications ranging from micrometeoroid simulation to nanoparticle deposition/implantation. Acceleration by this process was observed to occur when nanometer and micrometer-sized particles were exposed to a high voltage pulse in the presence of a plasma discharge. The applied negative voltage pulse initiates the formation of multiple, high voltage, low current cathode spots which provide the mechanism of actual acceleration of the charged dust particles. Dust streams generated by this process were detected using laser scattering techniques. Cathode spot behavior was also documented. The particle impact craters observed at the surface of downstream witness badges were documented using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The observed impacts suggest the presence of energetic macroparticles formed during this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLE acceleration
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - HIGH voltages
KW  - DUST
KW  - ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
N1  - Accession Number: 12595714; Foster, John E. 1; Email Address: john.foster@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 75 Issue 4, p947; Subject Term: PARTICLE acceleration; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: HIGH voltages; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: ACCELERATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1688441
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Canzian, Adrián
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - ATOMISTIC MODELING OF Pt DEPOSITION ON Cu(111) AND Cu DEPOSITION ON Pt(111).
JO  - Surface Review & Letters
JF  - Surface Review & Letters
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 235
EP  - 243
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 0218625X
AB  - A modeling analysis of the growth mode of submonolayer amounts of Pt on Cu(111) and Cu on Pt(111) for different coverages and temperatures reproduces the known experimental behavior. An atom-by-atom analysis of the energetics using the BFS method for alloys provides a simple explanation of the underlying mechanisms leading to the observed behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Review & Letters is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLATING
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - METALS
KW  - COPPER
KW  - MATTER -- Constitution
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - Adatoms
KW  - computer simulations
KW  - copper
KW  - platinum
KW  - semiempirical methods and model calculations
KW  - surface alloys
KW  - surface structure
KW  - surface structure.
N1  - Accession Number: 13533603; Canzian, Adrián 1 Mosca, Hugo O. 2 Bozzolo, Guillermo 3; Email Address: guillermo.H.Bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Gral. Pacheco, H. Irigoyen 288 (BJ6J7FRP,) Gral. Pacheco, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina  2: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, UAM, Av. Cral. Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martin, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina.  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p235; Subject Term: PLATING; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: MATTER -- Constitution; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: platinum; Author-Supplied Keyword: semiempirical methods and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface structure.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chamis, C.C.
T1  - Probabilistic simulation of multi-scale composite behavior
JO  - Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
SN  - 01678442
AB  - A methodology is developed to computationally assess the probabilistic composite behavior at all composite scales (from micro to structural) due to the uncertainties in the constituent (fiber and matrix) properties, in the fabrication process and in structural variables (primitive variables). The methodology is computationally efficient for simulating the probability distributions of composite behavior, such as material properties, laminate and structural responses. Byproducts of the methodology are probabilistic sensitivities of the composite primitive variables. The methodology has been implemented into the computer codes: Probabilistic Integrated Composite ANalyzer (PICAN) and Integrated Probabilistic Assessment of Composite Structures (IPACS). The accuracy and efficiency of this methodology are demonstrated by simulating the uncertainties in composite typical laminates and comparing the results with the Monte Carlo simulation method. Available experimental data of composite laminate behavior at all scales fall within the scatters predicted by PICAN. Multi-scaling is extended to simulate probabilistic thermo-mechanical fatigue and to simulate the probabilistic design of a composite redome in order to illustrate its versatility. Results show that probabilistic fatigue can be simulated for different temperature amplitudes and for different cyclic stress magnitudes. Results also show that laminate configurations can be selected to increase the redome reliability by several orders of magnitude without increasing the laminate thickness––a unique feature of structural composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 12574755; Chamis, C.C. 1; Email Address: cchamis@lerc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Research and Technology Directorate, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 41 Issue 1-3, p51; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tafmec.2003.11.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobstein, A. Ronald
AU  - Reilly, Thomas L.
AU  - Cramer, K. Elliot
AU  - D'Souza, Shariff
T1  - Detecting flaws in boiler-wall tubing.
JO  - Vision Systems Design
JF  - Vision Systems Design
Y1  - 2004/04//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 49
PB  - PennWell Corporation
SN  - 10893709
AB  - Discusses the use of a robotic infrared (IR) computer vision system in an inspection of an electric-utility water-wall boiler tubing at Pennsylvania-based Exelcon Power, adapted for commercial use by ThermTech Services.  Background on the process of detecting corrosion using an IR imager; Advantages of the IR-linescanning method to the company; Features of the computer vision system.
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - COMPUTER vision
KW  - BOILERS
KW  - PENNSYLVANIA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - EXCELON Power (Company)
KW  - THERMTECH Services (Company)
N1  - Accession Number: 12868038; Jacobstein, A. Ronald 1; Reilly, Thomas L. 2; Cramer, K. Elliot 3; D'Souza, Shariff 4; Email Address: sdsouza@indigosystems.com; Affiliations: 1: President, ThermTec Services, Stuart, FL, USA; 2: Vice president, ThermTec Services, Stuart, FL, USA; 3: Senior researcher, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Market segment manager, Indigo Systems, Goblet, CA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2004, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p45; Thesaurus Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: COMPUTER vision; Subject Term: BOILERS; Subject: PENNSYLVANIA; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: EXCELON Power (Company) ; Company/Entity: THERMTECH Services (Company); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416120 Plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423720 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shi, Li
AU  - Hao, Qing
AU  - Yu, Choongho
AU  - Mingo, Natalio
AU  - Kong, Xiangyang
AU  - Wang, Z. L.
T1  - Thermal conductivities of individual tin dioxide nanobelts.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/04/05/
VL  - 84
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2638
EP  - 2640
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We have measured the thermal conductivities of a 53-nm-thick and a 64-nm-thick tin dioxide (SnO2) nanobelt using a microfabricated device in the temperature range of 80–350 K. The thermal conductivities of the nanobelts were found to be significantly lower than the bulk values, and agree with our calculation results using a full dispersion transmission function approach. Comparison between measurements and calculation suggests that phonon–boundary scattering is the primary effect determining the thermal conductivities. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - MICROREACTORS
KW  - STANNIC oxide
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 12715443; Shi, Li 1 Hao, Qing 1 Yu, Choongho 1 Mingo, Natalio 2 Kong, Xiangyang 3 Wang, Z. L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712  2: Eloret Corporation, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035  3: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Source Info: 4/5/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 14, p2638; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: MICROREACTORS; Subject Term: STANNIC oxide; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1697622
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tucker, Jerry H.
AU  - Klenke, Robert H.
AU  - Monroe, Gene S.
T1  - Are FPGA soft cores tomorrow's MCUs?
JO  - Electronic Engineering Times (01921541)
JF  - Electronic Engineering Times (01921541)
Y1  - 2004/04/05/
IS  - 1315
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 62
SN  - 01921541
AB  - Looks at field-programmable gate array soft cores.  Possibility of implementing complex digital systems inside a single FPGA; Programmable logic companies' introduction of devices that allow the user to combine general-purpose processing with programmable logic on the same chip; Development of MicroBlaze embedded soft core.
KW  - FIELD programmable gate arrays
KW  - GATE array circuits
KW  - PROGRAMMABLE logic devices
KW  - LOGIC devices
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
KW  - COMPUTERS
N1  - Accession Number: 12720332; Tucker, Jerry H.; Email Address: jhtucker@vcu.edu Klenke, Robert H. 1; Email Address: khkenke@vcu.edu Monroe, Gene S. 2; Email Address: g.s.monroe@larcnasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Commonwealth University  2: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: 4/5/2004, Issue 1315, p62; Subject Term: FIELD programmable gate arrays; Subject Term: GATE array circuits; Subject Term: PROGRAMMABLE logic devices; Subject Term: LOGIC devices; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao
AU  - J.
AU  - Park
AU  - H.
AU  - Han
AU  - Lu
AU  - J. P.
T1  - Electronic Properties of Carbon Nanotubes with Covalent Sidewall Functionalization.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/04/08/
VL  - 108
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 4227
EP  - 4230
SN  - 15206106
AB  - We show that covalent sidewall functionalization of single-wall nanotubes leads to drastic changes of nanotube electronic states near the Fermi level. The sp3hybridization between the functional group and nanotube induces an impurity state near the Fermi level. The impurity state is found to be extended over a large distance (>1 nm) even though the structural deformation is confined to the vicinity of the functionalizing site. Thus, dramatic changes in the conductive properties of the nanotube can be expected even if the concentration of functionalization molecules is small. This effect provides an effective pathway for band structure engineering, nanoelectronic device, and sensor applications through covalent sidewall functionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - HYBRIDIZATION
KW  - POINT defects
N1  - Accession Number: 12759249; Zhao J. 1 Park H. 1 Han Lu J. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Eloret Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, California 95051; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 14, p4227; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: HYBRIDIZATION; Subject Term: POINT defects; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marcy, T. P.
AU  - Fahey, D. W.
AU  - Cao, R. S.
AU  - Popp, P. J.
AU  - Richard, E. C.
AU  - Thompson, T. L
AU  - Rosenlof, K. H.
AU  - Ray, E. A.
AU  - Salawitch, R. J.
AU  - Atherton, C. S.
AU  - Bergmann, D. J.
AU  - Ridley, B. A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Weinstock, E. M.
AU  - Mahoney, M. J.
T1  - Quantifying Stratospheric Ozone in the Upper Tropospherewith in Situ Measurements of HCl.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/04/09/
VL  - 304
IS  - 5668
M3  - Article
SP  - 261
EP  - 265
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We have developed a chemical ionization mass spectrometry technique for precise in situ measurements of hydrochloric acid (HCl) from a high-altitude aircraft. In measurements at subtropical latitudes, minimum HCl values found in the upper troposphere (UT) were often near or below the detection limit of the measurements (0.005 parts per billion by volume), indicating that background HCl values are much lower than a global mean estimate. However, significant abundances of HCl were observed in many UT air parcels, as a result of stratosphere-to-troposphere transport events. We developed a method for diagnosing the amount of stratospheric ozone in these UT parcels using the compact linear correlation of HCl with ozone found throughout the lower stratosphere (LS). Expanded use of this method will lead to improved quantification of cross-tropopause transport events and validation of global chemical transport models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Ionization (Atomic physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 12910507; Marcy, T. P. 1,2; Email Address: tmarcy@al.noaa.gov; Fahey, D. W. 1,2; Cao, R. S. 1; Popp, P. J. 1,2; Richard, E. C. 1,2; Thompson, T. L 1; Rosenlof, K. H. 1; Ray, E. A. 1,2; Salawitch, R. J. 3; Atherton, C. S. 4; Bergmann, D. J. 4; Ridley, B. A. 5; Weinheimer, A. J. 5; Loewenstein, M. 6; Weinstock, E. M. 7; Mahoney, M. J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA.; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 4: Atmospheric Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA 94550, USA.; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA.; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 7: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.; Issue Info: 4/9/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5668, p261; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Ionization (Atomic physics); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ng, Hou T.
AU  - Matthews, K.
AU  - Chen, Yi P.
AU  - Nguyen, Pho
AU  - Jun Li
AU  - Jie Han
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Three-dimensional columnar optical nanostructures fabricated by using lithography-free templating approach.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/04/12/
VL  - 84
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2898
EP  - 2900
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Using a nanowire-based templating approach, lithography-free fabrication of three-dimensional circular optical nanostructures with a minimum physical size of 20 nm is demonstrated. Regular circular gratings with alternating transparent and opaque annular zones and having discrete nanometer length scale separations can be easily achieved. These columnar optical nanostructures could potentially be used for direct integration with other optical components. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - LITHOGRAPHY
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - DIFFRACTION gratings
N1  - Accession Number: 12754099; Ng, Hou T. 1; Email Address: hng@mail.arc.nasa.gov Matthews, K. 1 Chen, Yi P. 1 Nguyen, Pho 1 Jun Li 1 Jie Han 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 4/12/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 15, p2898; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: LITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: DIFFRACTION gratings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1704858
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhattacharya, Prajina
AU  - Bellon, Pascal
AU  - Averback, Robert S.
AU  - Hales, Stephen J.
T1  - Nanocrystalline TiAl powders synthesized by high-energy ball milling: effects of milling parameters on yield and contamination
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2004/04/14/
VL  - 368
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 187
SN  - 09258388
AB  - High-energy ball milling was employed to produce nanocrystalline Ti–Al powders. As sticking of the powders can be sufficiently severe to result in a near zero yield, emphasis was placed on varying milling conditions so as to increase the yield, while avoiding contamination of the powders. The effects of milling parameters such as milling tools, initial state of the powders and addition of process control agents (PCA’s) were investigated. Cyclohexane, stearic acid and titanium hydride were used as PCA’s. Milling was conducted either in a Cr–steel vial with C–steel balls, or in a tungsten carbide (WC) vial with WC balls, using either elemental or pre-alloyed powders. Powder samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In the absence of PCA’s mechanical alloying in a WC vial and attrition milling in a Cr–steel vial were shown to lead to satisfactory yields, about 65–80%, without inducing any significant contamination of the powders. The results suggest that sticking of the powders on to the milling tools is correlated with the phase evolution occurring in these powders during milling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOCRYSTALS
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - MECHANICAL alloying
KW  - INTERMETALLIC compounds
KW  - Intermetallics
KW  - Mechanical alloying
KW  - Nanostructures
N1  - Accession Number: 12575724; Bhattacharya, Prajina 1 Bellon, Pascal 1; Email Address: bellon@uiuc.edu Averback, Robert S. 1 Hales, Stephen J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA  2: MS188A, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 368 Issue 1/2, p187; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: MECHANICAL alloying; Subject Term: INTERMETALLIC compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermetallics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical alloying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2003.08.079
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cazaux, Christian
AU  - Naderi, Firouz
AU  - Whetsel, Charles
AU  - Beaty, Dave
AU  - Gershman, Bob
AU  - Kornfeld, Richard
AU  - Mitcheltree, Bob
AU  - Sackheim, Bob
T1  - The NASA/CNES Mars sample return— a status report
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/04/15/
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 601
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The NASA''s new Mars Exploration Program focuses on alignment of three strategies: Science, Technology and Management, Trade for Mars Sample Return, required technologies, consequences for 2007 missions are considered in turn. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - MILITARY strategy
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - SCIENCE
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 11968247; Cazaux, Christian 1 Naderi, Firouz 2 Whetsel, Charles 2 Beaty, Dave 2 Gershman, Bob 2 Kornfeld, Richard 2 Mitcheltree, Bob 3 Sackheim, Bob 4; Affiliation:  1: Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, Toulouse 31055, France  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  4: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p601; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: MILITARY strategy; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2003.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cockell, C.S.
T1  - Impact-shocked rocks – insights into archean and extraterrestrial microbial habitats (and sites for prebiotic chemistry?)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/04/15/
VL  - 33
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1231
EP  - 1235
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Impact-shocked gneiss shocked to greater than 10 GPa in the Haughton impact structure in the Canadian High Arctic has an approximately 25-times greater pore surface area than unshocked rocks. These pore spaces provide microhabitats for a diversity of heterotrophic microorganisms and in the near-surface environment of the rocks, where light levels are sufficient, cyanobacteria. Shocked rocks provide a moisture retaining, UV protected microenvironment. During the Archean, when impact fluxes were more than two orders of magnitude higher than today, the shocked-rock habitat was one of the most common terrestrial habitats and might have provided a UV-shielded refugium for primitive life. These potential habitats are in high abundance on Mars where impact crater habitats could have existed over geologic time periods of billions of years, suggesting that impact-shocked rocks are important sites to search for biomolecules in extraterrestrial life detection strategies. In addition to being favourable sites for life, during the prebiotic period of planetary history impact-shocked rocks might have acted as a site for the concentration of reactants for prebiotic syntheses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
KW  - Archean extraterrestrial microbial habitats
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 13429545; Cockell, C.S. 1,2; Email Address: csco@bas.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, M/S 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 33 Issue 8, p1231; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Archean extraterrestrial microbial habitats; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.06.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mancinelli, R.L.
AU  - Fahlen, T.F.
AU  - Landheim, R.
AU  - Klovstad, M.R.
T1  - Brines and evaporites: analogs for Martian life
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/04/15/
VL  - 33
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1244
EP  - 1246
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Data from recent Mars missions suggest that Mars almost certainly had abundant liquid water on its surface at some time in the past. As a result, Mars has emerged as a key solar system target that could have harbored some form of life in the past, and which could perhaps still possess remnants of life in brine-containing permafrost. As Mars lost its atmosphere it became cold and dry. Any remaining water on the surface may have formed saline brine pockets within the permafrost. These brine pockets may either be an “oasis” for an extant Martian biota, or the last refuge of an extinct Martian biota. Eventually, these brine pockets would have dried to form evaporites. Evaporites are deposits that result from the evaporation of saline water, which on earth represent primarily halite (NaCl), gypsum, (CaSO42H2O), and anhydrite (CaSO4). Evaporites that contain bacterial and algal assemblages exist on earth today and are well known in the fossil record. The most likely organism type to survive in a brine or evaporite on earth is a halophile. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of microbes to survive in frozen evaporites. Washed mid-log phase and stationary phase cultures of Haloarcula-G (a species isolated by us during a previous study) and Halobacterium salinarum were either suspended in brine (25% NaCl solution), dried, and then exposed to -20 or -80 °C. For comparison, cultures of Deinococcus radiodurans, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas fluorescens were treated similarly, except they were resuspended in 0.5% NaCl solution. Also, to mimic a brine pocket samples of washed mid-log phase cells of each organism were placed in an aqueous solution of 25% NaCl, or in their respective nutrient medium containing 25% NaCl. Periodically, samples of the cells were removed and tested for survival. Data from these experiments suggest that halophiles survive better than non-halophiles under low temperature conditions. These observations would suggest that halophiles might survive in evaporites contained in permafrost. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - PSEUDOMONAS
KW  - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis
KW  - ESCHERICHIA coli
KW  - Analogs for Martian life
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Brines and evaporites
KW  - Halophiles
KW  - Osmophiles
N1  - Accession Number: 13429547; Mancinelli, R.L.; Email Address: rmancinelli@mail.arc.nasa.gov Fahlen, T.F. 1 Landheim, R. 1 Klovstad, M.R. 1; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA – Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 33 Issue 8, p1244; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: PSEUDOMONAS; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analogs for Martian life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brines and evaporites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halophiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osmophiles; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huo, W.M.
AU  - Tarnovsky, V.
AU  - Becker, K.
T1  - Electron impact ionization cross-sections of SF3 and SF5
JO  - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
JF  - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Y1  - 2004/04/15/
VL  - 233
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
SN  - 13873806
AB  - We report experimental and theoretical studies of the total electron impact ionization cross-sections for the radicals SF3 and SF5. It is shown that for radicals with strongly polar fluoride bonds, the shielding of the attractive dipole interaction potential in the bonding region is important in a proper description of the collision process. The siBED model, which has incorporated the shielding factor, was found to provide cross-sections in agreement with recently re-analyzed experimental data for the species CFx and NFx (<F>x=1</F>–3), whereas the DM model and the BEB model, on the other hand, showed large discrepancies with experiment. These findings also hold for the two free radicals SF3 and SF5 studied here, providing further evidence on the importance of a proper shielding of the dipole potential. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - Cross-sections
KW  - Electron ionization
KW  - Free radicals
KW  - Plasma processing
N1  - Accession Number: 12899409; Huo, W.M. 1; Email Address: whuo@mail.arc.nasa.gov Tarnovsky, V. 2 Becker, K. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA  3: Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 233 Issue 1-3, p111; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cross-sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron ionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Free radicals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma processing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijms.2003.12.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
AU  - Phan, Dung
T1  - Contrails, Cirrus Trends, and Climate.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2004/04/15/
VL  - 17
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1671
EP  - 1685
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Rising global air traffic and its associated contrails have the potential for affecting climate via radiative forcing. Current estimates of contrail climate effects are based on coverage by linear contrails that do not account for spreading and, therefore, represent the minimum impact. The maximum radiative impact is estimated by assuming that long-term trends in cirrus coverage are due entirely to air traffic in areas where humidity is relatively constant. Surface observations from 1971 to 1995 show that cirrus increased significantly over the northern oceans and the United States while decreasing over other land areas except over western Europe where cirrus coverage was relatively constant. The surface observations are consistent with satellite-derived trends over most areas. Land cirrus trends are positively correlated with upper-tropospheric (300 hPa) humidity (UTH), derived from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) analyses, except over the United States and western Europe where air traffic is heaviest. Over oceans, the cirrus trends are negatively correlated with the NCEP relative humidity suggesting some large uncertainties in the maritime UTH. The NCEP UTH decreased dramatically over Europe while remaining relatively steady over the United States, thereby permitting an assessment of the cirrus–contrail relationship over the United States. Seasonal cirrus changes over the United States are generally consistent with the annual cycle of contrail coverage and frequency lending additional evidence to the role of contrails in the observed trend. It is concluded that the U.S. cirrus trends are most likely due to air traffic. The cirrus increase is a factor of 1.8 greater than that expected from current estimates of linear contrail coverage suggesting that a spreading factor of the same magnitude can be used to estimate the maximum effect of the contrails. From the U.S. results and using mean contrail optical depths of 0.15 and 0.25, the maximum contrail–cirrus global radiative forcing is estimated to be 0.006–0.025 W m-2 depending on the radiative forcing model. Using results from a general circulation model simulation of contrails, the cirrus trends over the United States are estimated to cause a tropospheric warming of 0.2°–0.3°C decade-1, a range that includes the observed tropospheric temperature trend of 0.27°C decade-1 between 1975 and 1994. The magnitude of the estimated surface temperature change and the seasonal variations of the estimated temperature trends are also in good agreement with the corresponding observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Weather
KW  - Time series analysis
KW  - United States
KW  - Europe
N1  - Accession Number: 12809332; Minnis, Patrick 1; Email Address: p.minnis@nasa.gov; Ayers, J. Kirk 2; Palikonda, Rabindra 2; Phan, Dung 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; 2: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia.; Issue Info: Apr2004, Vol. 17 Issue 8, p1671; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Subject Term: Time series analysis; Subject: United States; Subject: Europe; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 7 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, S.  A.
AU  - Shivakumar, K. N.
T1  - In Situ Fracture Toughness Testing of Core Materials in Sandwich Panels.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2004/04/15/
VL  - 38
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 655
EP  - 668
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The in situ fracture toughness of six core materials was measured using a new test method. The materials tested were seven composite sandwich panels fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM). The core materials were PVC or balsa of different densities. All of the core materials were tested with E-glass--vinylester face-sheets, while one was tested with carbon--epoxy face-sheets. The fracture tests were conducted using a modified Cracked Sandwich Beam (CSB) test configuration. The cracks in the foam-core panels grew in the subinterface region and paralleled the interface. The distance from the interface to the location of the sub-interface crack was related to the mismatch in the  material properties between the face-sheet and core. The fracture toughness of the PVC core materials ranged from 367 to 1350 J/m². The results for the sandwich specimens with PVC cores were compared to the Mode I fracture toughness of the neat PVC foamcore materials and values obtained from in situ testing of foam-cored sandwich panels using the Tilted Sandwich Debond (TSD) specimen with no tilt angle. The in situ fracture toughness of the core materials in a sandwich panel was found to be significantly higher than the Mode I fracture toughness of core material even though the cracks grew completely within the core. The crack growth in the balsa-cored panels was significantly different than that of the cracks in the foam  panels. The cracks in the balsa panels grew in one of the three distinct fashions: as an interface crack when bonding between face-sheet and core was weak, or when the  bonding was strong, as a through-the-thickness crack, or a sub-interface crack. The fracture toughness of the sandwich specimens with balsa-core materials ranged from 693 to 1008 J/m². The results from the balsa-cored panels were compared to  results obtained from similar balsa-cored sandwich materials using the Single Cantilever Beam (SCB) specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - GLASS
KW  - CARBON
KW  - POLYVINYL chloride
KW  - CORE materials
KW  - balsa core
KW  - carbon face-sheet
KW  - fracture toughness
KW  - glass face-sheet
KW  - modified cracked sandwich beam
KW  - PVC core
N1  - Accession Number: 13615332; Smith, S.  A. 1 Shivakumar, K. N. 2; Email Address: kunnigal@garfield.ncat.cdu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro, North Carolina, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 38 Issue 8, p655; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: POLYVINYL chloride; Subject Term: CORE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: balsa core; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon face-sheet; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: glass face-sheet; Author-Supplied Keyword: modified cracked sandwich beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: PVC core; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher
AU  - C. W. Jr.
T1  - What is the Ground State of Ni(O2)?
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2004/04/15/
VL  - 108
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2871
EP  - 2873
SN  - 10895639
AB  - The separation between the 3B1 and 1A1 states of Ni(O2) is computed using density functional theory (DFT), internally contracted multireference configuration interaction with the multireference analogue of the Davidson correction (IC-MRCI+Q), and coupled-cluster with single and double (and perturbative) triple excitations (CCSD(T)) approaches. Although IC-MRCI+Q and DFT both predict a 3B1 ground state, the CCSD(T) predicts a 1A1 ground state. We suggest that the true separation lies between the IC-MRCI+Q and CCSD(T) values, and that the ground state is likely 1A1, despite the IC-MRCI+Q result. We also show that Ni(O2)- has a quartet ground state and, therefore, the 1A1 state of Ni(O2) is probably not observed in the anion photoelectron spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 16432874; Bauschlicher C. W. Jr. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 108 Issue 15, p2871; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wagner, Christopher T.
AU  - Lu, Irene Y.
AU  - Hoffman, Michael H.
AU  - Sun, Wendell Q.
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
AU  - Connor, Jerome
T1  - T-complex Polypeptide-1 Interacts with the Erythrocyte Cytoskeleton in Response to Elevated Temperatures.
JO  - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Biological Chemistry
Y1  - 2004/04/16/
VL  - 279
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 16223
EP  - 16228
SN  - 00219258
AB  - Chaperonins are double ring complexes composed of highly conserved 60-kDa protein subunits that are divided into two subgroups. Group II chaperonins are found in archaea and the cytoplasm of eukarya and are believed to function like other chaperonins as part of a protein folding system. We report here that human erythrocytes contain the group II chaperonin T-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) and that this complex translocates from the cytoplasm to the cytoskeleton in response to heat treatment in the absence of overt cell damage. Identification as TCP-1 was determined by immunodetection for TCP-1α and corroborated by mass spectroscopy peptide sequencing. Direct visualization by immunofluorescence confirmed peripherally localized TCP-1 in response to heat treatment. Temperatures ranging from 37-50 °C were demonstrated to have distinct kinetic profiles of induced translocation. Heat-induced binding was shown by Triton shell analysis to be specifically associated with the cytoskeletal proteins. Furthermore, the binding was reversible following removal of the stimulatory condition. A stabilizing process is hypothesized based on the known interactions of chaperonins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biological Chemistry is the property of American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR chaperones
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - PROTEIN folding
KW  - ERYTHROCYTES
KW  - CYTOPLASM
KW  - CYTOSKELETON
N1  - Accession Number: 13049491; Wagner, Christopher T. 1; Email Address: cwagner@lifecell.com Lu, Irene Y. 1 Hoffman, Michael H. 1 Sun, Wendell Q. 1 Trent, Jonathan D. 2 Connor, Jerome 1; Affiliation:  1: LifeCell Corporation, New Jersey  2: Astrobiology and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: 4/16/2004, Vol. 279 Issue 16, p16223; Subject Term: MOLECULAR chaperones; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: PROTEIN folding; Subject Term: ERYTHROCYTES; Subject Term: CYTOPLASM; Subject Term: CYTOSKELETON; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1074/jbc.M310730200
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morris, Robin D.
AU  - Cohen-Tanugi, Johann
T1  - An Analysis Methodology for the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/04/21/
VL  - 707
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
EP  - 275
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Large Area Telescope (LAT) instrument on the Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) has been designed to detect high-energy gamma rays and determine their direction of incidence and energy. We propose a reconstruction algorithm based on recent advances in statistical methodology. This method, alternative to the standard event analysis inherited from high energy collider physics experiments, incorporates more accurately the physical processes occurring in the detector, and makes full use of the statistical information available. It could thus provide a better estimate of the direction and energy of the primary photon. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA ray telescopes
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - OPTICAL instruments
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
N1  - Accession Number: 13362157; Morris, Robin D. 1; Email Address: rdm@email.arc.nasa.gov Cohen-Tanugi, Johann 2; Email Address: johann.cohen@pi.infn.it; Affiliation:  1: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Pisa, Italy; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 707 Issue 1, p267; Subject Term: GAMMA ray telescopes; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1751371
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fischer, Bernd
AU  - Hajian, Arsen
AU  - Knuth, Kevin
AU  - Schumann, Johann
T1  - Automatic Derivation of Statistical Data Analysis Algorithms: Planetary Nebulae and Beyond.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/04/21/
VL  - 707
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 276
EP  - 291
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - AutoBayes is a fully automatic program synthesis system for the data analysis domain. Its input is a declarative problem description in form of a statistical model; its output is documented and optimized C/C++ code. The synthesis process relies on the combination of three key techniques. Bayesian networks are used as a compact internal representation mechanism which enables problem decompositions and guides the algorithm derivation. Program schemas are used as independently composable building blocks for the algorithm construction; they can encapsulate advanced algorithms and data structures. A symbolic-algebraic system is used to find closed-form solutions for problems and emerging subproblems. In this paper, we describe the application of AutoBayes to the analysis of planetary nebulae images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. We explain the system architecture, and present in detail the automatic derivation of the scientists’ original analysis as well as a refined analysis using clustering models. This study demonstrates that AutoBayes is now mature enough so that it can be applied to realistic scientific data analysis tasks. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - MODEL validation
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
N1  - Accession Number: 13362156; Fischer, Bernd 1 Hajian, Arsen 2 Knuth, Kevin 3 Schumann, Johann 1; Affiliation:  1: RIACS/NASA Ames Research Center  2: United States Naval Observatory  3: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 707 Issue 1, p276; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: MODEL validation; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1751372
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Xue, Yongqiang
AU  - Ratner, Mark A.
T1  - Current–voltage curves for molecular junctions: the effect of Cl substituents and basis set composition
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/04/21/
VL  - 388
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 427
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Current–voltage characteristics of gold-benzene-1,4-dithiol-gold junctions are calculated using a combined density functional theory/non-equilibrium Green''s functions approach with local atomic basis sets. Improving the basis set with the addition of polarization or diffuse functions has some effect on the computed I–V curves, but even the small valence double zeta sets yield reasonable results. The results obtained using the hybrid B3LYP functional give slightly smaller conductance than those obtained using the pure BPW91 approach. Substituting Cl for H on the bridging molecule has only a small effect on the I–V curves. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - CONDUCTION electrons
N1  - Accession Number: 12778297; Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 1; Email Address: bauschli@pegasus.arc.nasa.gov Lawson, John W. 1 Ricca, Alessandra 1 Xue, Yongqiang 2 Ratner, Mark A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Technology Division, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Source Info: Apr2004, Vol. 388 Issue 4-6, p427; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CONDUCTION electrons; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.03.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fridlind, Ann M.
AU  - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU  - Jensen, Eric J.
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Poellot, Michael R.
AU  - Stevens, David E.
AU  - Wang, Donghai
AU  - Miloshevich, Larry M.
AU  - Baumgardner, Darret
AU  - Lawson, R. Paul
AU  - Wilson, James C.
AU  - Flagan, Richard C.
AU  - Seinfeld, John H.
AU  - Jonsson, Haflidi H.
AU  - Vanreken, Timothy M.
AU  - Varutbangkul, Varuntida
AU  - Rissman, Tracey A.
T1  - Evidence for the Predominance of Mid-Tropospheric Aerosols as Subtropical Anvil Cloud Nuclei.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/04/30/
VL  - 304
IS  - 5671
M3  - Article
SP  - 718
EP  - 722
SN  - 00368075
AB  - NASA's recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment focused on anvil cirrus clouds, an important but poorly : understood element of our climate system. The data obtained included the first comprehensive measurements of aerosols and cloud particles throughout the atmospheric column during the evolution of multiple deep convective storm systems. Coupling these new measurements with detailed cloud simulations that resolve the size distributions of aerosols and cloud particles, we found several lines of evidence indicating that most anvil crystals form on mid-tropospheric rather than boundary-layer aerosols. This result defies conventional wisdom and suggests that distant pollution sources may have a greater effect on anvil clouds than do local sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Aeronautics -- United States
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Florida
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 13159782; Fridlind, Ann M. 1; Email Address: ann.fridlind@nasa.gov; Ackerman, Andrew S. 1; Jensen, Eric J. 1; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 2; Poellot, Michael R. 3; Stevens, David E. 4; Wang, Donghai 5; Miloshevich, Larry M. 2; Baumgardner, Darret 6; Lawson, R. Paul 7; Wilson, James C. 8; Flagan, Richard C. 9; Seinfeld, John H. 9; Jonsson, Haflidi H. 10; Vanreken, Timothy M. 9; Varutbangkul, Varuntida 9; Rissman, Tracey A. 9; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA.; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.; 4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94552, USA.; 5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; 6: Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, DF 04510, Mexico.; 7: Stratton Park Engineering Company, Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA.; 8: Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.; 9: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.; 10: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies, Marina, CA 93933, USA.; Issue Info: 4/30/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5671, p718; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Aeronautics -- United States; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject: Florida; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3621
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - Preface
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 33
IS  - 9
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1443
EP  - 1443
SN  - 02731177
N1  - Accession Number: 13429584; Jenniskens, Peter 1; Email Address: pjenniskens@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center 2035 Landings Drive, Mountain View CA 94043-0818, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 33 Issue 9, p1443; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.10.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milanovic, Ivana M.
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
T1  - Fluid Dynamics of Highly Pitched and Yawed Jets in Crossflow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 874
EP  - 882
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Results from an experimental investigation of flowfields generated by pitched and yawed jets discharging into a crossflow arc presented. The circular jet is pitched at α = 20 and 45 deg and yawed between β = 0 and 90 deg in increments of 15 deg. Hot-wire measurements are performed to obtain all three components of mean velocity and turbulent stresses. Cross-sectional surveys are conducted at x = 3, 5, 10, and 20, where the downstream distance x is normalized by the orifice diameter. Data are acquired at momentum-flux ratio, J = 1.5, 4, 8, and 20. As expected, the jet penetration is found to be higher at larger c~. With increasing/3 the jet spreads more. The rate of decrease of peak streamwise vorticity, ∂ωx max max/∂x, is found to be significantly lower at higher/3 but practically independent of α. Thus, at the farthest measurement station, x = 20, ωx max is about five times larger at β = 75 deg compared to that at β = 0 deg. Streamwise velocity within the jet-vortex structure is found to depend on the parameter J. At J= 1.5 and 4, wake-like velocity profiles are observed. In comparison, a jet-like overshoot is present at higher J. Distributions of turbulent stresses for various cases are documented. Regions of high normal stresses, dispersed initially, are eventually ingested by the streamwise vortices. Thus, at x = 10 and farther downstream the well-defined cores of the streamwise vortices are also the zones of highest turbulent activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SPEED
KW  - INCREMENTAL motion control
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - VORTEX generators
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 13232682; Milanovic, Ivana M. 1,2; Email Address: Milanovic@hartford.edu Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 3,4; Email Address: Khairul.B.Zaman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut  2: Assistant Professor, College of Engineering, Technology and Architecture, 200 Bloomfiel Avenue  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis, Field, Cleveland, Ohio  4: Aerospace Engineer, Turbomachinery and Propulsion Systems Division, Nozzle branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p874; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: INCREMENTAL motion control; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 12 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maestrello, Lucio
T1  - Synchronized Turbulent Boundary Layer-Flexible Structure by Sound and Transient Shock Wave.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 920
EP  - 930
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Acoustic and turbulent boundary-layer flow loadings over a flexible structure are used to study the spatial- temporal dynamics of the response of the structure. The stability of the spatial phase synchronization and desynchronization by an active external force is investigated from time series with an array of coupled transducers on the structure. In the synchronous state, the structural phase is locked, which leads to the formation of spatial patterns while the amplitude peaks exhibit chaotic behaviors. Large-amplitude, spatially symmetric loading is superimposed on broadband, but in the desynchronized state, the spectrum broadens and the phase space is lost. The resulting pattern bears a striking resemblance to phase turbulence. The transition is achieved by using a low-power external actuator to trigger broadband behaviors from the knowledge of the external acoustic load, inducing synchronization. The changes are made favorably and efficiently to alter the frequency distribution of power, not the total power level. Before synchronization effects are seen, the panel response to the turbulent boundary-layer loading is discontinuously spatiotemporally correlated. The stability develops from different competing wavelengths; the spatial scale is significantly shorter than when forced with the superimposed external sound. When the external sound level decreases and the synchronized phases are lost, changes in the character of the spectra can be linked to the occurrence of spatial phase transition. These changes can develop broadband response. Synchronized wall pressure loading on a fuselage structural panel induced by turbulent boundary layer and by traveling transient shock wave has been observed in flight. Results from two flight tests are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - FLEXIBLE structures
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - SYNCHRONIZATION
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
N1  - Accession Number: 13232688; Maestrello, Lucio 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Distinguished Research Associate Employee, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p920; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: FLEXIBLE structures; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: SYNCHRONIZATION; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 14 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rule, John A.
AU  - Cox, David E.
AU  - Clark, Robert L.
T1  - Aerodynamic Model Reduction Through Balanced Realization.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1045
EP  - 1048
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Focuses on the use of aerodynamic model reduction in the field of controls. Application of aerodynamic model reduction on balanced realization; Provision of substantial model reduction; Absence of significant loss of accuracy for representative aerodynamic and aerolastic problems.
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AEROSTATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13232702; Rule, John A. 1,2 Cox, David E. 3 Clark, Robert L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Assistant Research Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina  2: Lead Engineer, Alphatech, Inc., 6 New England Executive park, Burlington, MA  3: Senior Engineer, Guidance and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, hampton, Virginia  4: Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1045; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AEROSTATICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goffredi, Shana K.
AU  - Warén, Anders
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
AU  - Van Dover, Cindy L.
AU  - Vrijenhoek, Robert C.
T1  - Novel Forms of Structural Integration between Microbes and a Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod from the Indian Ocean.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 70
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 3082
EP  - 3090
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Here we describe novel forms of structural integration between endo- and episymbiotic microbes and an unusual new species of snail from hydrothermal vents in the Indian Ocean. The snail houses a dense population of γ-proteobacteria within the cells of its greatly enlarged esophageal gland. This tissue setting differs from that of all other vent mollusks, which harbor sulfur-oxidizing endosymbionts in their gills. The significantly reduced digestive tract, the isotopic signatures of the snail tissues, and the presence of internal bacteria suggest a dependence on chemoautotrophy for nutrition. Most notably, this snail is unique in having a dense coat of mineralized scales covering the sides of its foot, a feature seen in no other living metazoan. The scales are coated with iron sulfides (pyrite and greigite) and heavily colonized by ε- and δ-proteobacteria, likely participating in mineralization of the sclerites. This novel metazoan-microbial collaboration illustrates the great potential of organismal adaptation in chemically and physically challenging deep-sea environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Mollusks
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Cells
KW  - Chemoautotrophic bacteria
N1  - Accession Number: 13273962; Goffredi, Shana K. 1; Email Address: goffredi@mbari.org; Warén, Anders 2; Orphan, Victoria J. 3; Van Dover, Cindy L. 4; Vrijenhoek, Robert C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California 95039; 2: Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-10405 Stockholm, Sweden; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035; 4: Biology Department, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 70 Issue 5, p3082; Thesaurus Term: Bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Mollusks; Thesaurus Term: Nutrition; Subject Term: Cells; Subject Term: Chemoautotrophic bacteria; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112512 Shellfish Farming; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.70.5.3082-3090.2004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walther, J.H.
AU  - Jaffe, R.L.
AU  - Kotsalis, E.M.
AU  - Werder, T.
AU  - Halicioglu, T.
AU  - Koumoutsakos, P.
T1  - Hydrophobic hydration of C60 and carbon nanotubes in water
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 42
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1185
SN  - 00086223
AB  - We perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the hydrophobic–hydrophilic behavior of pairs of C60 fullerene molecules and single wall carbon nanotubes in water. The interaction potentials involve a fully atomistic description of the fullerenes or carbon nanotubes and the water is modeled using the flexible SPC model. Both unconstrained and constrained MD simulations are carried out. We find that these systems display drying, as evidenced by expulsion of the interstitial water, when the C60 and carbon nanotubes are separated by less than 12, and 9–10 A˚, respectively. From the constrained simulations, the computed mean force between two carbon nanotubes in water exhibits a maximum at a tube spacing of 5.0 A˚ which corresponds to approximately one unstable layer of interstitial water molecules. The main contribution to the force stems from the van der Waals attraction between the carbon surfaces. The minimum in the potential of mean force has a value of −17 kJ mol−1 A˚−1 at a tube spacing of 3.5 A˚. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - HYDROPHOBIC surfaces
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - A. Carbon nanotube, Fullerene
KW  - C. Molecular simulations
KW  - D. Aggregation, Interfacial properties
N1  - Accession Number: 12977436; Walther, J.H. 1; Email Address: walther@inf.ethz.ch Jaffe, R.L. 2; Email Address: rjaffe@mail.arc.nasa.gov Kotsalis, E.M. 1; Email Address: kotsalis@inf.ethz.ch Werder, T. 1; Email Address: werder@inf.ethz.ch Halicioglu, T. 3; Email Address: haliciog@nas.nasa.gov Koumoutsakos, P. 1; Email Address: petros@inf.ethz.ch; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Computational Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Hirschengraben 84, ETH Zürich CH-8092, Switzerland  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Eloret Corp., 690 W. Fremont Ave., Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 42 Issue 5/6, p1185; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: HYDROPHOBIC surfaces; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Carbon nanotube, Fullerene; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Molecular simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Aggregation, Interfacial properties; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2003.12.071
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Müller, Sibylle D.
AU  - Mezić, Igor
AU  - Walther, Jens H.
AU  - Koumoutsakos, Petros
T1  - Transverse momentum micromixer optimization with evolution strategies
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 521
SN  - 00457930
AB  - We conduct a numerical study of mixing in a transverse momentum micromixer. Good values for actuation frequencies can be determined using simple kinematic arguments, and evolution strategies are introduced for the optimization of mixing by adjusting the control parameters in micromixer devices. It is shown that the chosen optimization algorithm can identify, in an automated fashion, effective actuation parameters. We find that optimal frequencies for increasing number of transverse channels are superposable despite the non-linear nature of the mixing process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
N1  - Accession Number: 11111401; Müller, Sibylle D. 1; Email Address: muellers@inf.ethz.ch Mezić, Igor 2 Walther, Jens H. 1 Koumoutsakos, Petros 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Computational Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), 8092 Zürich, Switzerland  2: Department of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5070, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 202A-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p521; Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2003.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Steinbach, Michael
AU  - Pang-Nng Tan
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
AU  - Shekhar, Shashi
AU  - de Carvalho, Claudio Reis
T1  - Understanding global teleconnections of climate to regional model estimates of Amazon ecosystem carbon fluxes.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 693
EP  - 703
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - We have investigated global teleconnections of climate to regional satellite-driven observations for prediction of Amazon ecosystem production, in the form of monthly estimates of net carbon exchange over the period 1982–1998 from the NASA–CASA (Carnegie–Ames–Stanford) biosphere model. This model is driven by observed surface climate and monthly estimates of vegetation leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of absorbed PAR (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation, FPAR) generated from the NOAA satellite advanced very high-resolution radiometer (AVHRR) and similar sensors. Land surface AVHRR data processing using modified moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer radiative transfer algorithms includes improved calibration for intra- and intersensor variations, partial atmospheric correction for gaseous absorption and scattering, and correction for stratospheric aerosol effects associated with volcanic eruptions. Results from our analysis suggest that anomalies of net primary production and net ecosystem production predicted from the NASA–CASA model over large areas of the Amazon region east of 60°W longitude are strongly correlated with the Southern Oscillation index. Extensive areas of the south-central Amazon show strong linkages of the FPAR and the NASA–CASA anomaly record to the Arctic Oscillation index, which help confirm a strong relation to southern Atlantic climate anomalies, with associated impacts on Amazon rainfall patterns. Processes are investigated for these teleconnections of global climate to Amazon ecosystem carbon fluxes and regional land surface climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Amazon River Region
KW  - carbon flux
KW  - ecosystem model
KW  - global climate
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 13104668; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Klooster, Steven 2; Steinbach, Michael 3; Pang-Nng Tan 3; Kumar, Vipin 3; Shekhar, Shashi 3; de Carvalho, Claudio Reis 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.; 3: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.; 4: Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Belém - Pará, Brazil.; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p693; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Subject: Amazon River Region; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem model; Author-Supplied Keyword: global climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00752.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=13104668&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, David A.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Keszthelyi, Laszlo P.
AU  - Turtle, Elizabeth P.
AU  - Jaeger, Windy L.
AU  - Radebaugh, Jani
AU  - Milazzo, Moses P.
AU  - Lopes, Rosaly M.C.
AU  - Greeley, Ronald
T1  - Mapping of the Culann–Tohil region of Io from Galileo imaging data
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 169
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 80
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We have used Galileo spacecraft data to produce a geomorphologic map of the Culann–Tohil region of Io's antijovian hemisphere. This region includes a newly discovered shield volcano, Tsu˜i Goab Tholus and a neighboring bright flow field, Tsu˜i Goab Fluctus, the active Culann Patera and the enigmatic Tohil Mons-Radegast Patera–Tohil Patera complex. Analysis of Voyager global color and Galileo Solid-State Imaging (SSI) high-resolution, regional (50–330 m/pixel), and global color (1.4 km/pixel) images, along with available Galileo Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) data, suggests that 16 distinct geologic units can be defined and characterized in this region, including 5 types of diffuse deposits. Tsu˜i Goab Fluctus is the center of a low-temperature hotspot detected by NIMS late during the Galileo mission, and could represent the best case for active effusive sulfur volcanism detected by Galileo. The Culann volcanic center has produced a range of explosive and effusive deposits, including an outer yellowish ring of enhanced sulfur dioxide (SO2), an inner red ring of SO2 with short-chain sulfur (S3–S4) contaminants, and two irregular green diffuse deposits (one in Tohil Patera) apparently produced by the interaction of dark, silicate lava flows with sulfurous contaminants ballistically-emplaced from Culann's eruption plume(s). Fresh and red-mantled dark lava flows west of the Culann vent can be contrasted with unusual red–brown flows east of the vent. These red–brown flows have a distinct color that is suggestive of a compositional difference, although whether this is due to surface alteration or distinct lava compositions cannot be determined. The main massif of Tohil Mons is covered with ridges and grooves, defining a unit of tectonically disrupted crustal materials. Tohil Mons also contains a younger unit of mottled crustal materials that were displaced by mass wasting processes. Neighboring Radegast Patera contains a NIMS hotspot and a young lava lake of dark silicate flows, whereas the southwest portion of Tohil Patera contains white flow-like units, perhaps consisting of ‘ponds’ of effusively emplaced SO2. From 0°–15° S the hummocky bright plains unit away from volcanic centers contains scarps, grooves, pits, graben, and channel-like features, some of which have been modified by erosion. Although the most active volcanic centers appear to be found in structural lows (as indicated by mapping of scarps), DEMs derived from stereo images show that, with the exception of Tohil Mons, there is less than 1 km of relief in the Culann–Tohil region. There is no discernable correlation between centers of active volcanism and topography. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
KW  - VOLCANOES
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Io
KW  - Satellites of Jupiter
KW  - Surfaces (satellite)
KW  - Volcanism
N1  - Accession Number: 12899750; Williams, David A. 1; Email Address: david.williams@asu.edu Schenk, Paul M. 2 Moore, Jeffrey M. 3 Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 4,5 Turtle, Elizabeth P. 5,6 Jaeger, Windy L. 5 Radebaugh, Jani 5 Milazzo, Moses P. 5 Lopes, Rosaly M.C. 7 Greeley, Ronald 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Bateman Physical Sciences Building F506B, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA  2: USRA Center for Advanced Space Studies (CASS), Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Astrogeology Team, US Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Boulevard Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ, USA  7: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 183-601, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 169 Issue 1, p80; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: VOLCANOES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces (satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanism; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.08.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clancey, William J.
T1  - Roles for Agent Assistants in Field Science: Understanding Personal Projects and Collaboration.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 137
SN  - 10946977
AB  - Anyone looking back over the past few decades must be impressed at what has been accomplished in bringing computer systems to real-world, complex environments—even to imagine assisting astronauts on Mars. In large part, the success is enabled by smaller, cheaper, and more reliable and networked personal computers. That one can imagine networking—with components off-the-shelf-a half-dozen or more supercomputer laptops running on robots, vehicles, and backpacks, distributed over many kilometers is truly astounding from the perspective of those who struggled with punch cards and line printers to develop artificial intelligence programs in the 1970s.
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - PERSONAL computers
KW  - ROBOTS
KW  - LAPTOP computers
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - PUNCHED card systems
N1  - Accession Number: 13133992; Clancey, William J. 1; Email Address: william.j.clancey@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Computational Sciences Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p125; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: PERSONAL computers; Subject Term: ROBOTS; Subject Term: LAPTOP computers; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: PUNCHED card systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2004.826284
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Paul Ung-Joon
AU  - Zhai, Shumin
T1  - Top-down learning strategies: can they facilitate stylus keyboard learning?
JO  - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 60
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 585
SN  - 10715819
AB  - Learning a new stylus keyboard layout is time-consuming yet potentially rewarding, as optimized virtual keyboards can substantially increase performance for expert users. This paper explores whether the learning curve can be accelerated using top-down learning strategies. In an experiment, one group of participants learned a stylus keyboard layout with top-down methods, such as visuo-spatial grouping of letters and mnemonic techniques, to build familiarity with a stylus keyboard. The other (control) group learned the keyboard by typing sentences. The top-down learning group liked the stylus keyboard better and perceived it to be more effective than the control group. They also had better memory recall performance. Typing performance after the top-down learning process was faster than the initial performance of the control group, but not different from the performance of the control group after they had spent an equivalent amount of time typing. Therefore, top-down learning strategies improved the explicit recall as expected, but the improved memory of the keyboard did not result in quicker typing speeds. These results suggest that quicker acquisition of declarative knowledge does not improve the acquisition speed of procedural knowledge, even during the initial cognitive stage of the virtual keyboard learning. They also suggest that top-down learning strategies can motivate users to learn a new keyboard more than repetitive rehearsal, without any loss in typing performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Studies is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEARNING strategies
KW  - KEYBOARDS (Electronics)
KW  - MNEMONICS
KW  - TYPEWRITING
N1  - Accession Number: 12661328; Lee, Paul Ung-Joon 1; Email Address: plee@mail.arc.nasa.gov Zhai, Shumin 2; Email Address: zhai@almaden.ibm.com; Affiliation:  1: Human Factors Research and Technology, San Jose State University/NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 60 Issue 5/6, p585; Subject Term: LEARNING strategies; Subject Term: KEYBOARDS (Electronics); Subject Term: MNEMONICS; Subject Term: TYPEWRITING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.10.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12661328&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Martha K.
AU  - Melendez, Orlando
AU  - Palou, Jaime
AU  - Holland, Daniel
AU  - Smith, Trent M.
AU  - Weiser, Erik S.
AU  - Nelson, Gordon L.
T1  - Characterization of polyimide foams after exposure to extreme weathering conditions.
JO  - Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
JF  - Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/05//5/1/2004
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 561
EP  - 573
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01694243
AB  - The weathering degradation of three closely related polyimide foams was studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) after exposure at the NASA Kennedy Space Center's (KSC) Beach Corrosion Site. These foams were developed by NASA Langley Research Center for applications such as cryogenic insulation, flame retardant panels and structural subcomponents. The degradative environmental conditions at the KSC corrosion site include exposure to sunlight, exposure to changes in temperature and humidity, mechanical erosion by wind and rain, and high sodium chloride content due to the close proximity of the ocean. Other possible atmospheric contaminants include hydrogen sulfide and hydrogen chloride (the latter originating with exhausts from the launching of space vehicles). The foams were studied for a total of 17 months exposure, with samples taken at 3, 9 and 17 months. Data analyses of the weathered foams showed that chemical structure and density effects were the key variables in weathering performance. The carbonyl linkage in the dianhydride of the TEEK-L series polyimide foams is the most important factor in degradation. TEEK-H series foams, which contain an ether linkage in the dianhydride, showed much less degradation or more resistance to weathering in comparison to the TEEK-L series. In the same chemical series, the lower density foams were more degraded in comparison to higher density foams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASTIC foams
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - CHEMICAL weathering
KW  - PHOTOOXIDATIVE stress
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - photo-oxidation
KW  - polyimide foam
KW  - Weathering
N1  - Accession Number: 13610771; Williams, Martha K. 1; Email Address: Martha.K.Williams@nasa.gov Melendez, Orlando 1 Palou, Jaime 1 Holland, Daniel 2 Smith, Trent M. 1,3 Weiser, Erik S. 4 Nelson, Gordon L. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Testbed Technology, YA-C2-T, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  2: California Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry 127-72, CA 91125, USA  3: Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA  4: NASA, Mail Stop 226, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 5/1/2004, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p561; Subject Term: PLASTIC foams; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL weathering; Subject Term: PHOTOOXIDATIVE stress; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: photo-oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyimide foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weathering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326140 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1163/156856104839284
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Woodson, Shawn H.
T1  - Introduction to the Abrupt Wing Stall Program.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 425
EP  - 435
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Abrupt Wing Stall (AWS) Program has addressed the problem of uncommanded, transonic lateral motions, such as wing drop, with experimental, computational, and simulation tools. Background to the establishment of the AWS program is given as well as program objectives. To understand the fundamental flow mechanisms that caused the undesirable motions for a preproduction version of the F/A-18E, steady and unsteady flowfield details were gathered from dedicated transonic wind-tunnel testing and computational studies. The AWS program has also adapted a free-to-roll (FTR) wind-tunnel testing technique traditionally used for low-speed studies of lateral dynamic stability to the transonic flow regime. This FTR capability was demonstrated first in a proof-of-concept study and then applied to an assessment of four different aircraft configurations. Figures of merit for static testing and for FTR testing have been evaluated for two configurations that demonstrated wing-drop susceptibility during full-scale flight conditions (the preproduction F/A-18E and the AV-8B at the extremes of its flight envelope) and two configurations that do not exhibit wing drop (the F/A-18C and the F-16C). Design insights have been obtained from aerodynamic computational studies of the four aircraft configurations and from computations quantifying the impact of the various geometric wing differences between the F/A-18C and the F/A-18E wings. Finally, the AWS program provides guidance for assessing, in the simulator, the impact of experimentally determined lateral activity on flight characteristics before going to flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13783473; Hall, Robert M. 1,2 Woodson, Shawn H. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Aerospace Engineer, Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670-1906; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p425; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 14 Black and White Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chambers, Joseph R.
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
T1  - Historical Review of Uncommanded Lateral-Directional Motions at Transonic Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 447
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents the results of a survey of past experiences with uncommanded lateral-directional motions at transonic speeds during specific military aircraft programs. The effort was undertaken to provide qualitative and quantitative information on past airplane programs that might be of use to the participants in the joint NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program. The Abrupt Wing Stall (AWS) Program was initiated because of the experiences of the F/A-18E/F development program, during which unexpected, severe wing-drop motions were encountered by preproduction aircraft at transonic conditions. These motions were judged to be significantly degrading to the primary mission requirements of the aircraft. Although the problem was subsequently solved for the production version of the F/A-18E/F, a high-level review panel emphasized the poor understanding of such phenomena and issued a strong recommendation to "initiate a national research effort to thoroughly and systematically study the wing drop phenomena." A comprehensive, cooperative NASA/Navy/Air Force AWS Program was designed to respond to provide the required technology requirements. A work element was directed at a historical review of wing-drop experiences in past aircraft development programs at high subsonic and transonic speeds. In particular, information was requested regarding: specific aircraft configurations that exhibited uncommanded motions and the nature of the motions; geometric characteristics of the airplanes; flight conditions involved in occurrences; relevant data, including wind-tunnel, computational, and flight sources; figures of merit used for analyses; and approaches used to alleviate the problem. An attempt was also made to summarize some of the more important lessons learned from past experiences and to recommend specific research efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURVEYS
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
N1  - Accession Number: 13783474; Chambers, Joseph R. 1,2; Email Address: jrchambers@cox.net Hall, Robert M. 3,4; Email Address: r.m.hall@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Senior Consultant, Ball Aerospace Systems Division, Fairborn, Ohio 45324-6269  2: Member, AIAA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p436; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 13 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Capone, Francis J.
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - Lamar, John E.
AU  - McMillin, S. Naomi
T1  - Review and Recommended Experimental Procedures for Evaluation of Abrupt-Wing-Stall Characteristics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 448
EP  - 455
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A review of the experimental program for four different aircraft configurations conducted as part of the Abrupt Wing Stall Program has been made. Several candidate figures of merit from conventional static-tunnel tests are summarized and correlated with data obtained in unique free-to-roll tests. The conclusion from this study is that these figures of merit can by themselves give some indication as to whether an aircraft would experience uncommanded lateral activity caused by abrupt wing stall. However, no one specific figure of merit consistently flagged a warning of potential lateral activity when actual activity was seen to occur in the free-to-roll experiments. In fact, they yielded as many or more false indications of lateral activity then were seen in the free-to-roll response data. Excellent agreement between free-to-roll results and flight was obtained for those configurations where flight data were available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13783475; Capone, Francis J. 1 Hall, Robert M. 1,2 Owens, D. Bruce 3,4 Lamar, John E. 3,4 McMillin, S. Naomi 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681 Senior Research Engineer  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681 Senior Research Engineer  4: Member, AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p448; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 13 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Capone, Francis J.
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
T1  - Development of a Transonic Free-to-Roll Test Capability.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 456
EP  - 462
SN  - 00218669
AB  - As part of the NASA/Navy Abrupt Wing Stall Program, a relatively low-cost, rapid-access, free-to-roll test rig was developed on which conventional high-strength wind-tunnel models can be used to evaluate both transonic performance and wing-drop/rock behavior in a single tunnel entry. The overall objective was to demonstrate the utility of the free-to-roll test technique as a tool for identifying areas of significant uncommanded lateral activity during ground testing and for gaining insight into the wing-drop/rock behavior of military aircraft at transonic conditions. A description of the test hardware as well as a description of the experimental procedures is given. The free-to-roll test rig has been used successfully to assess the static and dynamic characteristics of four different configurations--two configurations that exhibited uncommanded lateral motions inflight (preproduction F/A-18E and AV-SB) and two that did not (F/A-18C, F-16C). Excellent agreement between free-to-roll results and flight was obtained for those configurations where flight data were available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Testing
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. Navy
N1  - Accession Number: 13783476; Capone, Francis J. 1 Owens, D. Bruce 2 Hall, Robert M. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, Configuration Aerodynamic Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Senior Research Engineer, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Member, AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p456; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Testing; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: UNITED States. Navy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928110 National Security; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lamar, John E.
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Capone, Francis J.
AU  - McMillin, S. Naomi
T1  - Usefulness of Transonic Model Static Data in Predicting Flight Abrupt-Wing-Stall.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 464
EP  - 473
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An approach is provided to answer the question of whether one can rely solely on static data taken during a transonic model test to provide the certainty needed that a new aircraft will or will not have abrupt wing stall (AWS) events during its flight operations. By the comparison of traditional static figures of merit (FOMs) with the free-to-roll (FTR) response data, a rational basis for assessing the merits of using standard testing techniques for the prediction of AWS events has been established. With use of the FTR response data as a standard, because these results compare well with flight, it is concluded that traditional FOMs can not be trusted to provide an indication as to whether a configuration will or will not have AWS tendencies. Even though these FOMs may flag features that have a high degree of correlation with the FTR response data, there are as many or more of these FOM flagged features that do not correlate. Thus, one needs to use the FTR rig to assess AWS tendencies on new configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Testing
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13783477; Lamar, John E. 1,2 Hall, Robert M. 1,2 Capone, Francis J. 1 McMillin, S. Naomi 1; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p464; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Testing; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - Capone, Francis J.
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
AU  - Chambers, Joseph R.
T1  - Transonic Free-to-Roll Analysis of Abrupt Wing Stall on Military Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
EP  - 484
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Transonic free-to-roll and static wind-tunnel tests for four military aircraft--the AV-8B, the F/A-18C, the preproduction F/A-18E, and the F-16C--have been analyzed. These tests were conducted in the NASA Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel as a part of the NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program. The objectives were to evaluate the utility of the free-to-roll test technique as a tool for predicting areas of significant uncommanded lateral motions and for gaining insight into the wing-drop and wing-rock behavior of military aircraft at transonic conditions. The analysis indicated that the free-to-roll results agreed well with flight data on all four models. A wide range of motions--limit-cycle wing rock, occasional and frequent damped wing drop/rock and wing-rock divergence--were observed. The analysis shows the effects that static and dynamic lateral stability can have on the wing-drop/rock behavior. In addition, a free-to-roll figure of merit was developed to assist in the interpretation of results and assessment of the severity of the motions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Testing
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 13783478; Owens, D. Bruce 1,2 Capone, Francis J. 3 Hall, Robert M. 3,4 Brandon, Jay M. 3,4 Chambers, Joseph R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Senior Research Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA  5: Senior Consultant, Ball Aerospace Systems Division Fairborn, Ohio 45324-6269; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p474; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Testing; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 11 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuster, David M.
AU  - Byrd, James E.
T1  - Transonic Unsteady Aerodynamics of the F/A-18E Under Conditions Promoting Abrupt Wing Stall.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 485
EP  - 492
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A transonic wind-tunnel test of an 8% F/A-18E model was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel to investigate the abrupt wing stall characteristics of this aircraft. During this test, both steady and unsteady measurements of balance loads, wing surface pressures, wing-root bending moments, and outer-wing accelerations were performed. The test was conducted with a wide range of model configurations and test conditions in an attempt to reproduce behavior indicative of the abrupt wing stall phenomenon experienced in full-scale aircraft during flight tests. This study focuses on the analysis of the unsteady data acquired during this test. Though the test apparatus was designed to be effectively rigid, model motions due to sting and balance flexibility were observed during the testing, particularly when the tunnel was operated under conditions representative of those where wing drop was experienced in flight. The correlation between observed aerodynamic frequencies and model structural frequencies is analyzed and presented. Significant shock motion and separated flow are observed as the aircraft pitches through the abrupt wing stall region. A shock-tracking strategy has been formulated to observe this phenomenon. Using this technique, the range of shock motion as the aircraft encounters abrupt wing stall conditions is readily determined. Spectral analysis of the shock motion shows the frequencies at which the shock oscillates in the abrupt wing stall region, and probability density function analysis of the shock location shows the propensity of the shock to take on a tristable and even tristable character in the abrupt wing stall flight regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Testing
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13783479; Schuster, David M. 1,2; Email Address: david.m.schuster@nasa.gov Byrd, James E. 3; Email Address: j.e.byrd@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch, MS 340, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Staff Aeronautical Engineer, MS 280, Lockheed Martin Engineering and Sciences, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p485; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Testing; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 11 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, Karen E.
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
T1  - NASA Langley Research Center Impact Dynamics Research Facility Research Survey.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 511
EP  - 522
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Describes the Impact Dynamics Research Facility (IDRF) gantry of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  Background on the establishment of the facility in 1972; Discussion on the full-scale test programs that have been performed at the IDRF as of 2004; Models of helicopters and airplanes which were crash tested at the facility.
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Crash tests
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Testing
KW  - GANTRIES
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 13783501; Jackson, Karen E. 1,2 Fasanella, Edwin L. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Senor Reseach Scientist, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, Mail Stop 495, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p511; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Crash tests; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Testing; Subject Term: GANTRIES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 28 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martins, Joaquim R. R. A.
AU  - Alonso, Juan J.
AU  - Reuther, James J.
T1  - High-Fidelity Aerostructural Design Optimization of a Supersonic Business Jet.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 523
EP  - 530
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper focuses on the demonstration of an integrated aerostructural method for the design of aerospace vehicles. Both aerodynamics and structures are represented using high-fidelity models such as the Euler equations for the aerodynamics and a detailed finite element model for the primary structure. The aerodynamic outer-mold line and a structure of fixed topology are parameterized using a large number of design variables. The aerostructural sensitivities of aerodynamic and structural cost functions with respect to both outer-mold line shape and structural variables are computed using an accurate and efficient coupled-adjoint procedure. Kreisselmeier--Steinhauser functions are used to reduce the number of structural constraints in the problem. Results of the aerodynamic shape and structural optimization of a natural laminar-flow supersonic business jet are presented together with an assessment of the accuracy of the sensitivity information obtained using the coupled-adjoint procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE planes
KW  - JET planes
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MODEL airplanes
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
N1  - Accession Number: 13783480; Martins, Joaquim R. R. A. 1,2 Alonso, Juan J. 2,3 Reuther, James J. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Assistant Professor, University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada  2: Member, AIAA  3: Assistant Professor, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305  4: Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 95035  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p523; Subject Term: AEROSPACE planes; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339930 Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodward, Stanley E.
AU  - Coffey, Neil C.
AU  - Gonzalez, Guillermo A.
AU  - Taylor, B. Douglas
AU  - Brett, Rube R.
AU  - Woodman, Keith L.
AU  - Weathered, Brenton W.
AU  - Rollins, Courtney H.
T1  - Development and Flight Testing of an Adaptable Vehicle Health-Monitoring Architecture.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 531
EP  - 539
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Development and testing of an adaptable vehicle health-monitoring architecture is presented. The architecture is being developed for a fleet of vehicles. It has three operational levels: one or more remote data acquisition units located throughout a vehicle, a command and control unit located within a vehicle, and a terminal collection unit to collect analysis results from all vehicles. Each level is capable of performing autonomous analysis with a trained expert system. The expert system is parameterized, which makes it adaptable to be trained to both a user's subjective reasoning and existing quantitative analytic tools. Communication between all levels is done with wireless radio frequency interfaces. The remote data acquisition unit has an eight-channel programmable digital interface that allows the user discretion for choosing type of sensors, number of sensors, sensor sampling rate, and sampling duration for each sensor. The architecture provides framework for a tributary analysis. All measurements at the lowest operational level are reduced to provide analysis results necessary to gauge changes from established baselines. These are then collected at the next level to identify any global trends or common features from the prior level. This process is repeated until the results are reduced at the highest operational level. In the framework, only analysis results are forwarded to the next level to reduce telemetry congestion. The system's remote data acquisition hardware and nonanalysis software have been flight tested on the NASA Langley Research Center's B757 main landing gear to validate the wireless radio frequency communication capabilities of the system, the hardware design, command and control, software operation, and, data acquisition, storage, and retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Flight testing
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Testing
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - FLIGHT
N1  - Accession Number: 13783481; Woodward, Stanley E. 1,2; Email Address: s.e.woodard@larc.nasa.gov Coffey, Neil C. 3; Email Address: n.c.coffey@larc.nasa.gov Gonzalez, Guillermo A. 4 Taylor, B. Douglas 5 Brett, Rube R. 6 Woodman, Keith L. 7 Weathered, Brenton W. 8,9 Rollins, Courtney H. 10; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, Structural Dynamics Branch, Structures and Materials Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Electronics Engineer, Flight Software Systems Branch, Systems Engineering  Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Senior Electrical Engineer, Electronic Systems Branch, Systems Engineering  Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Design Engineer, Systems Engineering Competency, Swales Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23681  6: Senior Engineer, Zin Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23681  7: Electronics Engineer, Flight Software Systems Branch, Systems Engineering Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  8: Lead, Airworthiness and Configuration Management Office, Airborne Systems Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  9: Senior Member, AIAA  10: Electronics Engineer, Systems Integration and Test Branch, Systems Engineering Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p531; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Flight testing; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Testing; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: FLIGHT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488190 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru P.
AU  - Obayashi, Shigeru
T1  - Study on the Use of High-Fidelity Methods in Aeroelastic Optimization.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 616
EP  - 619
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Multidiciplinary optimization is a key element of the design process. To date multidisciplinary optimization methods that use low-fidelity methods are well developed. Gradient-based optimization methods that use data from three-dimensional linear aerodynamic solvers and two-dimensional structural solvers have been applied to complex aerospace configurations. However, use of high-fidelity methods such as Euler/Navier-Stokes methods for fluids and three-dimensional finite element method for structures is not as well developed. As an activity of the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization Technical Committee (MDO TC) of AIAA, an effort was initiated to assess the status and use of high-fidelity methods in multidisciplinary optimization. Contributions were solicited through the members of the MDO TC. This paper provides a summary of that effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Testing
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13783492; Guruswamy, Guru P. 1,2 Obayashi, Shigeru 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Professor, Department of Aero and Space Engineering, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Member, AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p616; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Testing; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sekula, Martin K.
AU  - Gandhi, Farhan
T1  - Effects of Auxiliary Lift and Propulsion on Helicopter Vibration Reduction and Trim.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/05//May/Jun2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 645
EP  - 656
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper examines the vibration reductions caused by the introduction of auxiliary lift and propulsion, individually, as well as in combination, on a light [5800-lb (2640 kg)] helicopter with a four-bladed hingeless rotor, at flight speeds close to the maximum cruise velocity of the baseline helicopter. The changes in trim (vehicle orientations and control settings) because of auxiliary lift and propulsion are also examined in detail, and the fundamental mechanisms that produce the changes in trim and associated vibration reductions are identified. Based on results using a comprehensive aeroelastic analysis, it was concluded that auxiliary lift, alone, produces relatively small reductions in vibration. On the other hand, significant vibration reductions were obtained through auxiliary propulsion alone. A combination of lift and propulsion was most effective and reduced the vibration index by over 90%. It was also observed that auxiliary lift significantly reduces the main rotor thrust but increases the nose-down pitch attitude and tip-path-plane forward tilt to provide the required propulsive force. This increases the downwash through the rotor disk and requires a larger rotor longitudinal cyclic pitch input. In contrast, auxiliary propulsion that minimizes vibration produces little reduction in main rotor thrust, but results in a slightly nose-up pitch attitude (the auxiliary propulsion exceeds vehicle drag) along with a backward tilt of the tip-path plane. This decreases the downwash through the rotor disk and requires a smaller rotor longitudinal cyclic pitch input. A combination of auxiliary lift and propulsion minimizes vibration results in an even larger backward tilt of the tip-path plane and a net upwash through the rotor disk. The rotor collective pitch undergoes little change as a result of auxiliary lift, even though the main rotor thrust is decreased. In contrast, for auxiliary propulsion it decreases significantly even though the rotor thrust... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Aerodynamics
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13783496; Sekula, Martin K. 1 Gandhi, Farhan 2; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, U.S. Army Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Professor, Rotorcraft Center of Excellence, Department of Aerospace Engineering, 229 Hammond Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: May/Jun2004, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p645; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 5 Diagrams, 11 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hung-Lung Huang
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Jun Li
AU  - Antonelli, Paolo
AU  - Xiangqian Wu
AU  - Knuteson, Robert O.
AU  - Huang, Bormin
AU  - Osborne, Brian J.
T1  - Minimum Local Emissivity Variance Retrieval of Cloud Altitude and Effective Spectral Emissivity—Simulation and Initial Verification.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 795
EP  - 809
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - This paper describes the theory and application of the minimum local emissivity variance (MLEV) technique for simultaneous retrieval of cloud pressure level and effective spectral emissivity from high-spectral-resolution radiances, for the case of single-layer clouds. This technique, which has become feasible only with the recent development of high-spectral-resolution satellite and airborne instruments, is shown to provide reliable cloud spectral emissivity and pressure level under a wide range of atmospheric conditions. The MLEV algorithm uses a physical approach in which the local variances of spectral cloud emissivity are calculated for a number of assumed or first-guess cloud pressure levels. The optimal solution for the single-layer cloud emissivity spectrum is that having the “minimum local emissivity variance” among the retrieved emissivity spectra associated with different first-guess cloud pressure levels. This is due to the fact that the absorption, reflection, and scattering processes of clouds exhibit relatively limited localized spectral emissivity structure in the infrared 10–15-μm longwave region. In this simulation study it is shown that the MLEV cloud pressure root-mean-square errors for a single level with effective cloud emissivity greater than 0.1 are ∼30, ∼10, and ∼50 hPa, for high (200– 300 hPa), middle (500 hPa), and low (850 hPa) clouds, respectively. The associated cloud emissivity root-mean-square errors in the 900 cm-1 spectral channel are less than 0.05, 0.04, and 0.25 for high, middle, and low clouds, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 13228230; Hung-Lung Huang 1; Email Address: allenh@ssec.wisc.edu Smith, William L. 2 Jun Li 2 Antonelli, Paolo 2 Xiangqian Wu 3 Knuteson, Robert O. 2 Huang, Bormin 2 Osborne, Brian J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications, Camp Springs, Maryland; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p795; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Wilber, Anne C.
AU  - Nguyen, L. Cathy
T1  - Validation of Parameterized Algorithms Used to Derive TRMM–CERES Surface Radiative Fluxes.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 742
EP  - 752
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Parameterized shortwave and longwave algorithms developed at the Langley Research Center have been used to derive surface radiative fluxes in the processing of the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) data obtained from flight aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite. Retrieved fluxes were validated on an instantaneous-footprint basis using coincident surface measurements obtained from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Southern Great Plains (SGP) central facility, the ARM/SGP network of extended facilities, and a number of surface sites of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) and the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL). Validation was carried out separately for clear-sky and all-sky conditions. For the shortwave, systematic errors varied from -12 to 10 W m-2 for clear skies and from -5 to 35 W m-2 for all-sky conditions. Random errors varied from 20 to 40 W m-2 for clear skies but were much larger (45–85 W m-2) for all-sky conditions. For the longwave, systematic errors were comparatively small for both clear-sky and all-sky conditions (0 to -10 W m-2) and random errors were within about 20 W m-2. In general, comparisons with surface data from the ARM/SGP site (especially the central facility) showed the best agreement. Large systematic errors in shortwave comparisons for some sites were related to flaws in the surface measurements. Larger errors in longwave fluxes for some footprints were found to be related to the errors in cloud mask retrievals, mostly during the nighttime. Smaller longwave errors related to potential errors in the operational analysis products used in satellite retrievals were also found. Still, longwave fluxes obtained with the present algorithm nearly meet the accuracy requirements for climate research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - CLIMATE research
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 13017567; Gupta, Shashi K. 1; Email Address: s.k.gupta@larc.nasa.gov Kratz, David P. 2 Wilber, Anne C. 1 Nguyen, L. Cathy 3; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: Atmospheric Sciences, Nasa Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Science Applications International Corp, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 21 Issue 5, p742; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
T1  - Task Switching in a Hierarchical Task Structure: Evidence for the Fragility of the Task Repetition Benefit.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory & Cognition
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory & Cognition
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 697
EP  - 713
SN  - 02787393
AB  - This study examined how task switching is affected by hierarchical task organization. Traditional task-switching studies, which use a constant temporal and spatial distance between each task element (defined as a stimulus requiring a response), promote a flat task structure. Using this approach, Experiment 1 revealed a large switch cost of 238 ms. In Experiments 2–5, adjacent task elements were grouped temporally and/or spatially (forming an ensemble) to create a hierarchical task organization. Results indicate that the effect of switching at the ensemble level dominated the effect of switching at the element level. Experiments 6 and 7, using an ensemble of 3 task elements, revealed that the element-level switch cost was virtually absent between ensembles but was large within an ensemble. The authors conclude that the element-level task repetition benefit is fragile and can be eliminated in a hierarchical task organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory & Cognition is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL behavior
KW  - TASK analysis
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL psychology
KW  - SOCIOLOGICAL research
KW  - SPATIAL behavior
KW  - ORGANIZATION
N1  - Accession Number: 13048881; Lien, Mei-Ching 1; Email Address: mclien@mail.arc.nasa.gov Ruthruff, Eric 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calfornia; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p697; Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL behavior; Subject Term: TASK analysis; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL psychology; Subject Term: SOCIOLOGICAL research; Subject Term: SPATIAL behavior; Subject Term: ORGANIZATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banerjee, Sauvik
AU  - Mal, Ajit K.
AU  - Prosser, William H.
T1  - Analysis of transient Lamb waves generated by dynamic surface sources in thin composite plates.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 115
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1905
EP  - 1911
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A theoretical analysis is carried out in an effort to understand certain unusual properties of transient guided waves produced in a thin unidirectional graphite/epoxy composite plate by a localized dynamic surface load. The surface motion is calculated using an approximate plate theory, called the shear deformation plate theory (SDPT), as well as a recently developed finite element analysis (FEA), for their mutual verification. The results obtained by the two methods are shown to have excellent agreement. An interesting, nearly periodic "phase reversal" of the signal with propagation distance is observed for each propagation direction relative to the fiber direction. For clarification, a closed form analytical expression for the vertical surface displacement in an aluminum plate to an impulsive point force is obtained using the steepest descent method. It is found that the strong dispersion of the first antisymmetric waves at low frequencies is the main reason behind the phase reversal. This is verified further by measuring the surface response of a relatively thick aluminum plate to a pencil lead break source. The understanding developed in the paper is expected to be helpful in detecting and characterizing the occurrence of damage in composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - EPOXY coatings
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20827381; Banerjee, Sauvik 1 Mal, Ajit K. 1; Email Address: ajit@ucla.edu Prosser, William H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1597  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 115 Issue 5, p1905; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: EPOXY coatings; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.1694993
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davoudzadeh, Farhad
AU  - Liu, Nan-Suey
T1  - Numerical Simulation of Shock Waves and their Interaction in a Supersonic Rocket Engine Operating at Different Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Visualization
JF  - Journal of Visualization
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 106
SN  - 13438875
AB  - Navier-Stokes numerical simulations showing the supersonic flow field induced by a 112-02 rocket thruster with an attached panel, under a variety of operating conditions. Mach number distributions demonstrate the structure of the shocks beyond the nozzle exit. The geometry is asymmetric about the nozzle centerline; and as a result, the shock patterns are not symmetric. As the chamber pressure and consequently the exit velocity increase, the asymmetry becomes more pronounced to the degree that the shock emanating from the top edge of the nozzle exit is directed away from the panel as is in the case of the psia 130 shown in Figure, as mentioned in the article.
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PNEUMATICS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 13532588; Davoudzadeh, Farhad 1; Email Address: Farhad.Davoudzadeh@grc.nasa.gov Liu, Nan-Suey 1; Email Address: Nan-Suey.Liu-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 5-10, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p106; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PNEUMATICS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Teo
AU  - K. B. K.
AU  - Hash
AU  - D. B.
AU  - Lacerda
AU  - R. G.
AU  - Rupesinghe
AU  - N. L.
AU  - Bell
AU  - M. S.
AU  - Dalal
AU  - S. H.
AU  - Bose
AU  - D.
AU  - Govindan
AU  - T. R.
AU  - Cruden
AU  - B. A.
AU  - Chhowalla
AU  - M.
T1  - The Significance of Plasma Heating in Carbon Nanotube and Nanofiber Growth.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 921
EP  - 926
SN  - 15306984
AB  - The effect of the plasma on heating the growth substrate in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of carbon nanotubes is characterized for the first time. This effect, which is commonly ignored in the nanotube/nanofiber literature, is the sole heating mechanism in this work for catalyst pretreatment and growth of straight and vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanofibers. Significant temperatures, as high as 700 °C, are induced from a C2H2:NH3 direct current (dc) plasma with no other heat source present. To model the behavior of the plasma-heated substrate platform, we have developed a 1-D dc discharge model that incorporates a cathode platform energy balance, including ion bombardment, thermal radiation, and solid and gas conduction. The predicted gas-phase species present are correlated with the morphology of nanofibers grown by exclusive plasma heating as well as by heating from plasma in combination with a conventional resistive heater. The understanding of plasma heating and its accurate modeling are essential for reactor design for wafer scale production of vertically aligned nanofibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - HEATING
N1  - Accession Number: 13131228; Teo K. B. K. 1 Hash D. B. 1 Lacerda R. G. 1 Rupesinghe N. L. 1 Bell M. S. 1 Dalal S. H. 1 Bose D. 1 Govindan T. R. 1 Cruden B. A. 1 Chhowalla M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Department of Ceramics and Materials Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p921; Subject Term: PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: HEATING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knaepen, Bernard
AU  - Moin, Parviz
T1  - Large-eddy simulation of conductive flows at low magnetic Reynolds number.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1255
EP  - 1261
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Using the method of large-eddy simulation, we study decaying homogeneous turbulence of a conductive flow under the influence of an applied external magnetic field at low magnetic Reynolds number. In order to assess the performance of large-eddy simulation, comparison with high resolution (5123) direct numerical simulation is performed. Results show that the modeling of subgrid scales using the dynamic Smagorinsky model is very effective in the present context. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 12787860; Knaepen, Bernard 1; Email Address: bknaepen@stanford.edu Moin, Parviz 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University/NASA Ames Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-3035; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p1255; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1651484
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Markarian, Nikolai
AU  - Yeksel, Mike
AU  - Khusid, Boris
AU  - Kumar, Anil
AU  - Tin, Padetha
T1  - Effects of clinorotation and positive dielectrophoresis on suspensions of heavy particles.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1826
EP  - 1829
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Experiments in both microgravity (aboard the NASA research aircraft KC-135) and ground-based environments were conducted in a clinostat (a channel slowly rotated around its horizontal axis to simulate “weightlessness”) in which a dilute suspension of heavy, positively polarized spheres was exposed to a high-gradient strong ac electric field. While dielectrophoresis is shown to provide a powerful method for the manipulation and concentration of particles in clinostats, we find that clinorotation does not simulate the zero gravity morphology of the aggregation pattern due to an unexpectedly pronounced effect of a relatively weak, rotating gravity. This effect imposes certain limitations on the use of ground-based tests for predicting the operation of electrotechnologies for the control and manipulation of suspensions in microgravity. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - DIELECTROPHORESIS
KW  - MANIPULATIVE behavior
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - MORPHOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 12787814; Markarian, Nikolai 1 Yeksel, Mike 1 Khusid, Boris 1 Kumar, Anil 2 Tin, Padetha 3; Affiliation:  1: New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey  2: The Levich Institute, The City College of New York, New York, New York  3: National Center for Microgravity Research in Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p1826; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: DIELECTROPHORESIS; Subject Term: MANIPULATIVE behavior; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1699154
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Rosenberg, Jacob
T1  - QUANTUM CONTENTIONS.
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 290
IS  - 5
M3  - Letter
SP  - 14
EP  - 14
SN  - 00368733
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor in regards to an article published in a previous issue which discussed the rate of speed that high-energy waves move at.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 12802719; Rosenberg, Jacob 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 290 Issue 5, p14; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Number of Pages: 1/9p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 77
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Nicholas L.
T1  - Space traffic management: concepts and practices
JO  - Space Policy
JF  - Space Policy
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 85
SN  - 02659646
AB  - The value of a space traffic management system must weigh the historical and legally entrenched concept of the freedom of operation in near-Earth orbit against the potential benefits of a new regulatory regime. Most spacefaring nations do not yet exert control over the selection of orbital parameters for new space systems within their own countries, much less in an international context. The need for and potential effectiveness of such intrusive space traffic management in the foreseeable future have not yet been clearly established. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Space Policy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Communications industries
KW  - Aeronautics
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Orbit
KW  - Navigation (Astronautics)
KW  - Space sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 13113128; Johnson, Nicholas L. 1; Email Address: nicholas.l.johnson@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Chief Scientist and Program Manager for Orbital Debris, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Issue Info: May2004, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p79; Thesaurus Term: Communications industries; Subject Term: Aeronautics; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Orbit; Subject Term: Navigation (Astronautics); Subject Term: Space sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.spacepol.2004.02.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - An Introduction to the Theory of Point Processes, Vol. I: Elementary Theory and Methods (Book).
JO  - Technometrics
JF  - Technometrics
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 257
EP  - 257
SN  - 00401706
AB  - Reviews the book "An Introduction to the Theory of Point Processes: Elementary Theory and Methods," volume 1, second edition, by Daryl Daley and David Vere-Jones.
KW  - POINT processes
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - DALEY, Daryl
KW  - VERE-Jones, David
KW  - INTRODUCTION to the Theory of Point Processes: Elementary Theory & Methods, An (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 12908362; Scargle, Jeffrey D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p257; Subject Term: POINT processes; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: INTRODUCTION to the Theory of Point Processes: Elementary Theory & Methods, An (Book); People: DALEY, Daryl; People: VERE-Jones, David; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemeth, Michael P.
T1  - Buckling of long compression-loaded anisotropic plates restrained against inplane lateral and shear deformations
JO  - Thin-Walled Structures
JF  - Thin-Walled Structures
Y1  - 2004/05//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 639
SN  - 02638231
AB  - An approach for synthesizing buckling results and behavior for thin balanced and unbalanced symmetric laminates that are subjected to uniform axial compression loads and elastically restrained against inplane expansion, contraction, and shear deformation is presented. This approach uses a nondimensional analysis for infinitely long, flexurally anisotropic plates (coupling between bending and twisting) that are subjected to combined mechanical loads and is based on nondimensional parameters. In addition, nondimensional loading parameters are derived that account for the effects of the elastic inplane deformation restraints, membrane orthotropy, and membrane anisotropy on the induced prebuckling stress state. The loading parameters are used to determine buckling coefficients that include the effects of flexural orthotropy and flexural anisotropy. Many results are presented, for some selected laminates, that are intended to facilitate a structural designer’s transition to the use of the generic buckling-design curves that are presented and discussed in the paper. Several buckling response curves are presented that provide physical insight into the behavior for combined loads, in addition to providing useful design data. An example is presented that demonstrates the use of the generic design curves, which are applicable to a wide range of laminate constructions. The analysis approach and generic results indicate the effects and characteristics of laminate orthotropy and anisotropy in a very general and unifying manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin-Walled Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - Anisotropic plates
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Combined loads
KW  - Laminated-composite plates
KW  - Poisson effects
N1  - Accession Number: 12777036; Nemeth, Michael P. 1; Email Address: m.p.nemeth@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, M/S 188E Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199 USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p639; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropic plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combined loads; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminated-composite plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poisson effects; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tws.2003.12.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
T1  - Universal characteristics of an interfacial spalling cyclic oxidation model
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2004/05/03/
VL  - 52
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2111
SN  - 13596454
AB  - A mathematical model has been generated to represent the iterative, discrete growth and spallation processes associated with cyclic oxidation. Parabolic growth kinetics (<f>kp</f>) and a constant spall area (<f>FA</f>) were assumed, with spalling occurring interfacially at the thickest region of the scale. Although most models require numerical techniques, the regularity and simplicity of this progression permitted an approximation by algebraic expressions. Normalized responses reflected all parametric effects and yielded a universal cyclic oxidation expression:Wu=<NU>1</NU>/2{3Ju1/2+Ju3/2},where <f>Wu</f> is weight change normalized by the maximum and <f>Ju</f> is the cycle number normalized by the number to reach maximum. Similarly, the total amount of metal consumed was represented by a single normalized curve, using the figure of merit [<f>(Sc−1)·(FAkpΔt)1/2</f>], where <f>Sc</f> is the scale mass ratio of oxide to oxygen and <f>Δt</f> is the cycle duration. Also, a universal or invariant cyclic oxidation failure map was constructed in normalized kp–FA space. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - METALS
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Nickel alloys
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 12836510; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: james.l.smialek@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 52 Issue 8, p2111; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal cycling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.01.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andre, C.L.
AU  - Boeckl, J.J.
AU  - Wilt, D.M.
AU  - Pitera, A.J.
AU  - Lee, M.L.
AU  - Fitzgerald, E.A.
AU  - Keyes, B.M.
AU  - Ringel, S.A.
T1  - Impact of dislocations on minority carrier electron and hole lifetimes in GaAs grown on metamorphic SiGe substrates.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/05/03/
VL  - 84
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 3447
EP  - 3449
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The minority carrier lifetime of electrons (τn) in p-type GaAs double heterostructures grown on GaAs substrates and compositionally graded Ge/Si1-xGex/Si (SiGe) substrates with varying threading dislocation densities (TDDs) were measured at room temperature using time-resolved photoluminescence. The electron lifetimes for homoepitaxial GaAs and GaAs grown on SiGe (TDD∼1×106 cm-2) with a dopant concentration of 2×1017 cm-3 were ∼21 and ∼1.5 ns, respectively. The electron lifetime measured on SiGe was substantially lower than the previously measured minority carrier hole lifetime (τp) of ∼10 ns, for n-type GaAs grown on SiGe substrates with a similar residual TDD and dopant concentration. The reduced lifetime for electrons is a consequence of their higher mobility, which yields an increased sensitivity to the presence of dislocations in GaAs grown on metamorphic buffers. The disparity in dislocation sensitivity for electron and hole recombination has significant implications for metamorphic III-V devices. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in metals
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide
KW  - HETEROSTRUCTURES
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - EPITAXY
N1  - Accession Number: 12930072; Andre, C.L. 1 Boeckl, J.J. 1 Wilt, D.M. 2 Pitera, A.J. 3 Lee, M.L. 3 Fitzgerald, E.A. 3 Keyes, B.M. 4 Ringel, S.A. 1; Email Address: ringel@ece.eng.osu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio  2: Photovoltaic and Space Environment Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio  3: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts  4: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado; Source Info: 5/3/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 18, p3447; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide; Subject Term: HETEROSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: EPITAXY; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1736318
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DiCarlo, J.A.
AU  - Yun, H.M.
AU  - Hurst, J.B.
T1  - Fracture mechanisms for SiC fibers and SiC/SiC composites under stress-rupture conditions at high temperatures
JO  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
JF  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
Y1  - 2004/05/05/
VL  - 152
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
SN  - 00963003
AB  - The successful application of SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites as high-temperature structural materials depends strongly on maximizing the fracture or rupture life of the load-bearing fiber and matrix constituents. Using high-temperature data measured under stress-rupture test conditions, this study examines in a mechanistic manner the effects of various intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the creep and fracture behavior of a variety of SiC fiber types. It is shown that although some fiber types fracture during a large primary creep stage, the fiber creep rate just prior to fracture plays a key role in determining fiber rupture time (Monkman–Grant theory). If it is assumed that SiC matrices rupture in a similar manner as fibers with the same microstructures, one can develop simple mechanistic models to analyze and optimize the stress-rupture behavior of SiC/SiC composites for applied stresses that are initially below matrix cracking. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Mathematics & Computation is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - COMPOSITE construction
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - Creep
KW  - Mechanisms
KW  - Monkman–Grant diagrams
KW  - Rupture
KW  - SiC fibers
KW  - SiC matrices
KW  - SiC/SiC composites
N1  - Accession Number: 12839181; DiCarlo, J.A.; Email Address: james.a.dicarlo@nasa.gov Yun, H.M. 1 Hurst, J.B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 152 Issue 2, p473; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE construction; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monkman–Grant diagrams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rupture; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC matrices; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC/SiC composites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0096-3003(03)00570-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jiang, Li
AU  - Chang, Chau-Lyan
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Liu, Chaoqun
T1  - Instability-wave propagation in boundary-layer flows at subsonic through hypersonic Mach numbers
JO  - Mathematics & Computers in Simulation
JF  - Mathematics & Computers in Simulation
Y1  - 2004/05/11/
VL  - 65
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
SN  - 03784754
AB  - Direct numerical simulations (DNS) form an important ingredient to physics-based prediction of laminar-turbulent transition in boundary-layer flows, particularly in applications where it is desirable or even essential to model the various stages of transition process in an integrated manner. This paper addresses two building-block issues towards such capability: application to instability-wave propagation in boundary layers over curvilinear surfaces and robust outflow boundary conditions across the speed regime. In particular, detailed comparisons of linear and nonlinear development of instability waves in a range of boundary-layer flows are used to cross-validate a high-order direct numerical simulation algorithm against the approximate but computationally more efficient technique of parabolized stability equations (PSE). Three separate flow configurations are investigated in this study: (i) development of a Tollmien-Schlichting (TS) instability wave over a two-dimensional (2D), symmetric, low-speed airfoil, (ii) both first and second-mode development in a self-similar, flat plate boundary layer at Mach 4.5, and (iii) amplification of first and second modes of Rayleigh instability and a stationary Gortler vortex in the hypersonic, axisymmetric boundary layer over a flared cone. The satisfactory agreement between the DNS and PSE predictions for both amplitudes and mode shapes of the instability waves confirms the overall efficacy of the DNS algorithm, while underscoring the accuracy of predictions based on the PSE approximation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mathematics & Computers in Simulation is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - Direct numerical simulation
KW  - Laminar-turbulent transition
KW  - Parabolized stability equations
N1  - Accession Number: 12898167; Jiang, Li 1 Chang, Chau-Lyan 2 Choudhari, Meelan 2; Email Address: meelan.m.choudhari@nasa.gov Liu, Chaoqun 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 65 Issue 4/5, p469; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Direct numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar-turbulent transition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parabolized stability equations; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matcom.2004.01.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12898167&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orphan, V.J.
AU  - Ussler III, W.
AU  - Naehr, T.H.
AU  - House, C.H.
AU  - Hinrichs, K.-U.
AU  - Paull, C.K.
T1  - Geological, geochemical, and microbiological heterogeneity of the seafloor around methane vents in the Eel River Basin, offshore California
JO  - Chemical Geology
JF  - Chemical Geology
Y1  - 2004/05/14/
VL  - 205
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
SN  - 00092541
AB  - Marine methane vents and cold seeps are common features along continental margins worldwide, serving as localized sites for methane release and colonization by microbial and chemosynthetic megafaunal communities. The Eel River Basin (ERB), located on the continental slope off Northern California, contains active methane vents and seep-associated chemosynthetic biological communities (CBC) on the crests of anticlines in ∼520-m water depth. Seep-related features on the seafloor have a patchy distribution and include active bubbling vents, chemosynthetic clam beds, and sulfide-oxidizing bacterial mats. Methane sources supplying local seeps are heterogeneous on all spatial scales and support a large and diverse microbial assemblage involved in the anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM).To develop a comprehensive understanding of the complex biological, geochemical and physical processes associated with, and influencing seafloor methane seepage, a multidisciplinary approach is required. Here we present an integrative, multidisciplinary study that illustrates the diverse processes associated with seafloor methane seepage within the Eel River Basin and the complex interactions defining the geochemistry, mineralogy and microbiology within this environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Geology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SEEPAGE
KW  - EEL River (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Anaerobic oxidation of methane
KW  - Archaea
KW  - Authigenic carbonate
KW  - Carbon isotopes
KW  - Cold seep
KW  - Ether lipids
KW  - Fluorescent in situ hybridization
N1  - Accession Number: 12964648; Orphan, V.J. 1; Email Address: vorphan@mail.arc.nasa.gov Ussler III, W. 2 Naehr, T.H. 3 House, C.H. 4 Hinrichs, K.-U. 5 Paull, C.K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Montery Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Rd. Moss landing, CA 95039, USA  3: Department of Physical and Life Sciences, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, 6300 ocean Drive, CS 202 Corpus Christi, TX 78412, USA  4: Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, 208 Deike Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: Department of Geology & Geopgysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 205 Issue 3/4, p265; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SEEPAGE; Subject Term: EEL River (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anaerobic oxidation of methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Archaea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Authigenic carbonate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon isotopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold seep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ether lipids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescent in situ hybridization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2003.12.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Girz, C.M.I.R.
AU  - MacDonald, A.E.
AU  - Anderson, R.L.
AU  - Lachenmeier, T.
AU  - Jamison, B.D.
AU  - Collander, R.S.
AU  - Chadwick, R.B.
AU  - Moody, R.A.
AU  - Cooper, J.
AU  - Ganoe, G.
AU  - Katzberg, S.
AU  - Johnson, T.
AU  - Russ, B.
AU  - Zavorotny, V.
T1  - Results of the recent GAINS flight test
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/05/15/
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1642
EP  - 1647
SN  - 02731177
AB  - A demonstration flight of the Global Atmosphere-ocean IN-situ System Prototype III balloon occurred on 21 and 22 June 2002. The 18-m diameter PIII superpressure balloon carried a 147-kg payload and floated above 15 km for 10 h. This paper discusses the performance of the balloon’s systems over the 15.5-h flight. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - GAINS
KW  - GAINS flight test
KW  - Scientific ballooning
N1  - Accession Number: 13181746; Girz, C.M.I.R. 1; Email Address: cecilia.girz@noaa.gov MacDonald, A.E. 1 Anderson, R.L. 2 Lachenmeier, T. 3 Jamison, B.D. 1,4 Collander, R.S. 1,4 Chadwick, R.B. 1 Moody, R.A. 3 Cooper, J. 5 Ganoe, G. 6 Katzberg, S. 6 Johnson, T. 7 Russ, B. 7 Zavorotny, V. 8; Affiliation:  1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Forecast Systems Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA  2: Basic Automation, 11011 Rainbow Way, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  3: Global Solutions for Science and Learning, Inc., 284 NE Tralee Ct, Hillsboro, OR 97124, USA  4: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO 80523-1375, USA  5: New Mexico State University Physical Science Laboratory, P.O. Box 30002, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 328, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  7: Aerospace Innovations, 4822 George Washington Memorial Highway, Suite 200 Yorktown, VA 23692, USA  8: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Technology Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 33 Issue 10, p1642; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: GAINS; Author-Supplied Keyword: GAINS flight test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific ballooning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.06.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13181746&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhai, Hua-Jin
AU  - Wang, Lai-Sheng
AU  - Jena, P.
AU  - Gutsev, G. L.
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., C. W.
T1  - Competition between linear and cyclic structures in monochromium carbide clusters CrCn- and CrCn (n=2–8): A photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional study.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2004/05/15/
VL  - 120
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 8996
EP  - 9008
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is combined with density functional theory (DFT) to study the monochromium carbide clusters CrCn- and CrCn (n = 2-8). Well-resolved PES spectra were obtained, yielding structural, electronic, and vibrational information about both the anionic and neutral clusters. Experimental evidence was observed for the coexistence of two isomers for CrC2-, CrC3-, CrC4- and CrC6-. Sham and well-resolved PES spectra were observed for CrCn- (n = 4,6,8), whereas broad spectra were observed for CrC5- and CrC7-. Extensive DFT calculations using the generalized gradient approximation were carried out for the ground and low-lying excited states of all the CrCn- and CrCn- species, as well as coupled-cluster calculations for CrC2- and CrC2. Theoretical electron affinities and vertical detachment energies were calculated and compared with the experimental data to help the assignment of the ground states and obtain structural information. We found that CrC2- and CrC3- each possess a close-lying cyclic and linear structure, which were both populated experimentally. For the larger CrCn-, clusters with n =4, 6, 8, linear structures are the overwhelming favorite, giving rise to the sharp PES spectral features. CrC7- was found to have a cyclic structure. The broad PES spectra of CrC5- suggested a cyclic structure, whereas the DFT results predicted a linear one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHROMIUM carbide
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - NUCLEAR isomers
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy
KW  - DENSITY functionals
N1  - Accession Number: 12969429; Zhai, Hua-Jin 1,2 Wang, Lai-Sheng 1,2; Email Address: Is.wang@pnl.gov Jena, P. 3 Gutsev, G. L. 4 Bauschlicher Jr., C. W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Washington State University, Richland, Washington 99352  2: W. R. Wiley Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352.  3: Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000.  4: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.; Source Info: 5/15/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 19, p8996; Subject Term: CHROMIUM carbide; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR isomers; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1701754
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, R. Brett
AU  - Inman, Daniel J.
AU  - Schultz, Marc R.
AU  - Hyer, Michael W.
AU  - Wilkie, W. Keats
T1  - Nonlinear Tensile and Shear Behavior of Macro Fiber Composite Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2004/05/15/
VL  - 38
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 855
EP  - 869
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator, developed at the NASA Langley Research Center, offers much higher flexibility and induced strain levels (∼2000 µε, peak-to-peak) than its monolithic piezoceramic  predecessors. The focus of this work is twofold; to measure the four independent linear elastic engineering constants of the orthotropic MFC actuator under short-circuit electrical boundary conditions using standard tensile testing procedures, and to use these experimental results to characterize the nonlinear tensile and shear stress--strain behavior and Poisson effects using various plastic deformation models. The results can then be readily incorporated into the piezoelectric constitutive equation and ultimately into structural actuation models that accurately consider nonlinear mechanical behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - elastic properties
KW  - material nonlinearities
KW  - piezoceramic fibers
N1  - Accession Number: 13633899; Williams, R. Brett 1; Email Address: rowilli6@vt.edu Inman, Daniel J. 1 Schultz, Marc R. 2 Hyer, Michael W. 2 Wilkie, W. Keats 3; Affiliation:  1: CIMSS Department of Mechanical Engineering  2: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA  3: Structural Dynamics Branch NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 38 Issue 10, p855; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: FIBERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: elastic properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: material nonlinearities; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoceramic fibers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998304040555
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gudipati
AU  - M. S.
T1  - Matrix-Isolation in Cryogenic Water-Ices:  Facile Generation, Storage, and Optical Spectroscopy of Aromatic Radical Cations.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2004/05/15/
VL  - 108
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 4412
EP  - 4419
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Radical cations of naphthalene and 4-methylpyrene have been generated for the first time in high conversion efficiencies in cryogenic water-ices at 15 K through vacuum ultraviolet photolysis. With these radical cations as probes it is shown that cryogenic water-ices at temperatures below 50 K are of good optical quality and inert matrices to isolate and study the electronic spectroscopic properties of neutral and ionic species in the wavelength region 250-900 nm. The spectral energies of guest-species in the cryogenic water-ices are closely comparable with those observed using rare-gas matrices, indicating similar host-guest interactions in rare-gas matrices and water-ices below 50 K. The radical cations are converted to the corresponding alcohols at temperatures higher than 50 K due to reactions between the host and ionized guest species. Thus, cryogenic water-ices are inert matrices that resemble and complement the rare-gas matrices in many aspects. Efficient ionization of organic molecules, such as PAHs studied here, in water-rich ices indicates that ionization-mediated processes play an important role in the evolution of cosmic ices that are exposed to ionizing radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - CONFECTIONERY
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 13151523; Gudipati M. S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 and NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 108 Issue 20, p4412; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: CONFECTIONERY; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424450 Confectionery Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 445292 Confectionery and Nut Stores; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaban
AU  - G. M.
T1  - Anharmonic Vibrational Spectroscopy of Nitriles and Their Complexes with Water.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2004/05/15/
VL  - 108
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 4551
EP  - 4556
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Three nitrile molecules, cyanamide (H2N-C≡N), acetonitrile (CH3-C≡N), and aminoacetonitrile (H2N-CH2-C≡N), and their complexes with one water molecule are studied at the ab initio level of theory (second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory with triple-ζ basis sets). Anharmonic vibrational spectra are estimated with the Correlation Corrected Vibrational Self-Consistent Field (CC-VSCF) method that accounts for anharmonicities and couplings between different vibrational normal modes. Effects of complexation with water on geometries and vibrational spectra of nitriles are investigated. The effects are very different from those found earlier for acids (in particular, the amino acid glycine). While the intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions lead to significant red shifts of carboxyl group (O-H and C=O) vibrational stretching frequencies of acids, C≡N stretches of nitriles shift to a much lesser extent and in the opposite direction (to the blue) upon complexation with water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - NITRILES
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - EUCLID'S elements
N1  - Accession Number: 13151541; Chaban G. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 108 Issue 20, p4551; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: NITRILES; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: EUCLID'S elements; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duda, David P.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
T1  - A Case Study of the Development of Contrail Clusters over the Great Lakes.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2004/05/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1132
EP  - 1146
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - We despread persistent contrails over the western Great Lakes during 9 October 2000 were examined using commercial flight data, coincident meteorological data, and satellite remote sensing data from several platforms. The data were analyzed to determine the atmospheric conditions under which the contrails formed and to measure several physical properties of the contrails, including areal coverage, spreading rates, fall speeds, and optical properties. Most of the contrails were located between 10.6 and 11.8 km in atmospheric conditions consistent with a modified form of the Appleman contrail formation theory. However, the Rapid Update Cycle-2 analyses have a dry bias in the upper-tropospheric relative humidity with respect to ice (RHI), as indicated by persistent contrail generation during the outbreak where RHI ≥ 85%. The model analyses show that synoptic-scale vertical velocities affect the formation of persistent contrails. Areal coverage by linear contrails peaked at 30 000 km2, but the maximum contrail-generated cirrus coverage was over twice as large. Contrail spreading rates averaged around 2.7 km h-1, and the contrails were visible in the 4-km Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) imagery approximately 1 h after formation. Contrail fall speed estimates were between 0.00 and 0.045 m s-1 based on observed contrail advection rates. Optical depth measurements ranged from 0.1 to 0.6, with consistent differences between remote sensing methods. Contrail formation density was roughly correlated with air traffic density after the effects of competing cloud coverage, humidity, and vertical velocity were considered. Improved tropospheric humidity measurements are needed for realistic simulations of contrail and cirrus development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION trails
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - IMAGING systems in meteorology
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - CONDENSATION (Meteorology)
KW  - GREAT Lakes (North America)
N1  - Accession Number: 13079494; Duda, David P. 1; Email Address: d.p.duda@larc.nasa.gov Minnis, Patrick 2 Nguyen, Louis 2 Palikonda, Rabindra 3; Affiliation:  1: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia.  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.  3: AS&M, Inc., Hampton, Virginia.; Source Info: 5/15/2004, Vol. 61 Issue 10, p1132; Subject Term: CONDENSATION trails; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in meteorology; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: CONDENSATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: GREAT Lakes (North America); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Soja, A. J.
AU  - Sukhinin, A. I.
AU  - Cahoon Jr., D. R.
AU  - Shugart, H. H.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., P. W.
T1  - AVHRR-derived fire frequency, distribution and area burned in Siberia.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/05/20/
VL  - 25
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1939
EP  - 1960
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data are used to produce an active-fire detection product for the fire season in 1999 and 2000 and an area burned product for 1996-2000. The distribution of fire is presented ranging from the Urals in the west to the eastern coast and from the semi-dry steppe regions in the south through the taiga in the north. A temporal and spatial pattern of fire is observed migrating from north of 40° N latitude in April to north of 60° N by mid-July. Fire is widespread in August, spanning the entire geographic range. In contrast to these patterns, no similar east-west migrations are discernible from these data. Peak active-fire counts are detected in early May between 50 and 55° N latitude in both 1999 and 2000. Wildfire in Russia is highly variable, both annually and interannually, with differences in reported area burned ranging from 0.234 to 13.3 million hectares per year. Comparing Russian fire statistics to satellite-based data from this investigation and previous works, we find area burned in Russia may be commonly underestimated by an average of 213%. Underestimates of this magnitude could strongly affect emissions estimates and climate change research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - FIRE detectors
KW  - FIRE
KW  - CLIMATIC changes -- Research
KW  - SIBERIA (Russia)
KW  - RUSSIA
N1  - Accession Number: 12659996; Soja, A. J. 1; Email Address: a.j.soja@larc.nasa.gov Sukhinin, A. I. 2; Email Address: boss@ksc.krasn.ru Cahoon Jr., D. R. 3; Email Address: drcahoon@cox.net Shugart, H. H. 1 Stackhouse Jr., P. W. 4; Email Address: p.w.stackhouse@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA, 757-864-5603  2: Sukachev Forest Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnojarsk, 660036, Russia.  3: Terra Systems Research, 2740 Linder Lane, Williamsburg, Virginia 23 185, USA.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23 681, USA.; Source Info: 5/20/2004, Vol. 25 Issue 10, p1939; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: FIRE detectors; Subject Term: FIRE; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Research; Subject Term: SIBERIA (Russia); Subject Term: RUSSIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423620 Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414220 Household appliance merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vendrasco, Michael J.
AU  - Wood, Troy E.
AU  - Runnegar, Bruce N.
T1  - Articulated Palaeozoic fossil with 17 plates greatly expands disparity of early chitons.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2004/05/20/
VL  - 429
IS  - 6989
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 291
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Modern chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) possess a highly conserved skeleton of eight shell plates (valves) surrounded by spicules or scales, and fossil evidence suggests that the chiton skeleton has changed little since the first appearance of the class in the Late Cambrian period (about 500 million years before present, Myr bp). However, the Palaeozoic problematic taxon Multiplacophora, in spite of having a more complex skeleton, shares several derived characters with chitons. The enigmatic status of the Multiplacophora is due in part to the fact that its members had an exoskeleton of numerous calcium carbonate valves that usually separated after death. A new articulated specimen from the Carboniferous period (about 335?Myr bp) of Indiana reveals that multiplacophorans had a dorsal protective surface composed of head and tail valves, left and right columns of overlapping valves (five on each side), and a central zone of five smaller valves, all surrounded by an annulus of large spines. Here we describe and name the articulated specimen and present evidence that multiplacophorans were chitons. Thus the highly conserved body plan of living chitons belies the broad disparity of this clade during the Palaeozoic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHITONS
KW  - CALCIUM carbonate
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Carboniferous
KW  - SPINES (Botany)
N1  - Accession Number: 13150344; Vendrasco, Michael J. 1; Email Address: mikev@ess.ucla.edu Wood, Troy E. 2 Runnegar, Bruce N. 1,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA  2: Department of Biology, JH 142, Third Street, Indiana University, Bloominton, Indiana, USA  3: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics and Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California  4: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2004, Vol. 429 Issue 6989, p288; Subject Term: CHITONS; Subject Term: CALCIUM carbonate; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Carboniferous; Subject Term: SPINES (Botany); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature02548
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Xue, Yongqiang
AU  - Ratner, Mark A.
T1  - Current–voltage curves for molecular junctions: pyrene vs diphenylacetylene
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/05/21/
VL  - 390
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 246
EP  - 249
SN  - 00092614
AB  - The <f>I–V</f> curves are computed for 2,7-dithiolpyrene and 4,<f>4′</f>-dithiol-diphenylacetylene between two Au(1 1 1) surfaces. For a given bias, up to about 2.5 eV, the current for 2,7-dithiolpyrene is about half that for 4,<f>4′</f>-dithiol-diphenylacetylene. However, the fused benzene rings in 2,7-dithiolpyrene eliminate the loss of current associated with rotation about the central C2 that can occur for 4,<f>4′</f>-dithiol-diphenylacetylene. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AROMATIC compounds
KW  - ORGANIC cyclic compounds
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
N1  - Accession Number: 13067001; Bauschlicher Jr., Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Ricca, Alessandra 1 Xue, Yongqiang 2 Ratner, Mark A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Source Info: May2004, Vol. 390 Issue 1-3, p246; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Subject Term: ORGANIC cyclic compounds; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Djikaev, Y. S.
AU  - Napari, Ismo
AU  - Laaksonen, Ari
T1  - On the closure conjectures for the Gibbsian approximation model of a binary droplet.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2004/05/22/
VL  - 120
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 9752
EP  - 9762
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Within the framework of Gibbsian thermodynamics, a binary droplet is regarded to consist of a uniform interior and dividing surface. The properties of the droplet interior are those of the bulk liquid solution, but the dividing surface is a fictitious phase whose chemical potentials cannot be rigorously determined. The state of the nucleus interior and free energy of nucleus formation can be found without knowing the surface chemical potentials, but the latter are still needed to determine the state of the whole nucleus (including the dividing surface! and develop the kinetics of nucleation. Thus it is necessary to recur to additional conjectures in order to build a complete, thermodynamic, and kinetic theory of nucleation within the framework of the Gibbsian approximation. Here we consider and analyze the problem of closing the Gibbsian approximation droplet model. We identify µ- and Γ-closure conjectures concerning the surface chemical potentials and excess surface coverages, respectively, for the droplet surface of tension. With these two closure conjectures, the Gibbsian approximation model of a binary droplet becomes complete so that one can determine both the surface and internal characteristics of the whole nucleus and develop the kinetic theory, based on this model. Theoretical results are illustrated by numerical evaluations for binary nucleation in a water-methanol vapor mixture at T = 298.15 K. Numerical results show a striking increase in the droplet surface tension with decreasing droplet size at constant overall droplet composition. A comparison of the Gibbsian approximation with density functional calculations for a model surfactant system indicate that the excess surface coverages from the Gibbsian approximation are accurate enough for large droplets and droplets that are not too concentrated with respect to the solute. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - LIQUIDS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - SURFACE active agents
N1  - Accession Number: 13029252; Djikaev, Y. S. 1; Email Address: djikaev@chem.ucla.edu Napari, Ismo 2 Laaksonen, Ari 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, California 94035.  2: Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland.  3: Department of Applied Physics, University of Kuopio, P. O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.; Source Info: 5/22/2004, Vol. 120 Issue 20, p9752; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LIQUIDS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: SURFACE active agents; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1698575
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saleeb, A.F.
AU  - Marks, J.R.
AU  - Wilt, T.E.
AU  - Arnold, S.M.
T1  - Interactive software for material parameter characterization of advanced engineering constitutive models
JO  - Advances in Engineering Software
JF  - Advances in Engineering Software
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 398
SN  - 09659978
AB  - The development of an overall strategy to estimate the material parameters for a class of viscoplastic material models is presented. The procedure is automated through the integrated software COMPARE (COnstitutive Material PARameter Estimator) that enables the determination of an ‘optimum’ set of material parameters by minimizing the errors between the experimental test data and the model''s predicted response. The core ingredients of COMPARE are (i) primal analysis, which utilizes a finite element-based solution scheme, (ii) sensitivity analysis utilizing a direct-differentiation approach for the material response sensitivities, and (iii) a gradient-based optimization technique of an error/cost function. Now that the COMPARE core code has reached a level of maturity, a graphical user interface (GUI) was deemed necessary. Without such an interface, use of COMPARE was previously restricted to very experienced users with the additional cumbersome, and sometimes tedious, task of preparing the required input files manually. The complexity of the input containing massive amounts of data has previously placed severe limitations on the use of such optimization procedures by the general engineering community. By using C++ and the Microsoft Foundation Classes to develop a GUI, it is believed that an advanced code such as COMPARE can now make the transition to general usability in an engineering environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Engineering Software is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOPLASTICITY
KW  - INTEGRATED software
KW  - C++ (Computer program language)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - C++
KW  - Graphical user interface
KW  - Material characterization
KW  - Viscoplasticity
KW  - Optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 13623749; Saleeb, A.F. 1; Email Address: saleeb@uakron.edu Marks, J.R. 1 Wilt, T.E. 1 Arnold, S.M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  2: Life Prediction Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p383; Subject Term: VISCOPLASTICITY; Subject Term: INTEGRATED software; Subject Term: C++ (Computer program language); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: C++; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphical user interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoplasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: German; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.advengsoft.2004.03.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - van der Wall, Berend G.
AU  - Burley, Casey L.
AU  - Yu, Yung
AU  - Richard, Hugues
AU  - Pengel, Kurt
AU  - Beaumier, Philippe
T1  - The HART II test – measurement of helicopter rotor wakes
T2  - Der HART II Test – Messung des Nachlaufs von Hubschrauberrotoren
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 284
SN  - 12709638
AB  - A key parameter to reduce rotor noise is a wake location relative to a blade. During the data analysis in the years after the HART test of 1994 it was found that comprehensive wake data are needed to understand wake development, vortex creation and aging, their motion and their re-development after an interaction with a rotor blade. Therefore, DLR, ONERA, NASA Langley, US Army AFDD and DNW again came together and generated a follow-on program named HART II. In this program the rotor wake was intensively measured with a novel double-stereo PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) system. This provides instantaneous flow field data in both a large observation area and in a smaller close-up view to the vortex core. Additionally, rotor blade deformation, airloads, and noise radiation were measured to form a complete, consistent, and comprehensive data base. Another “first time” was the application of the blade position measurement technique SPR (Stereo Pattern Recognition), which provided instantaneous optical measurement of the blade bending in flap, lead-lag and torsion. In this paper, the HART II test is described in detail, including a description of all measurement techniques applied and with some results from each of them. (English) [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Ein wesentlicher Parameter zur Reduktion des Rotorla¨rms ist die Lage des Rotornachlaufes relativ zu den Rotorbla¨ttern. Die Analyse der HART Daten von 1994 zeigte, dass vor allem detaillierte, ra¨umliche Daten des Rotornachlaufes fehlten. Daher hatten die an HART beteiligten Organisationen – DLR, ONERA, NASA Langley, US Army AFDD und DNW – ein Nachfolgeprogramm durchgefu¨hrt (HART II), das im Wesentlichen auf die Vermessung des Rotornachlaufes zielte. Als Messmethode kam 3C-PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) in Anwendung, wobei zwei unabha¨ngige Systeme mit verschiedener Auflo¨sung zum Einsatz kamen. Dies lieferte das momentane Stro¨mungsfeld aller drei Geschwindigkeitskomponenten in einer Ebene. Zusa¨tzlich wurden die Rotorkra¨fte, Druckverteilungen an den Rotorbla¨ttern sowie die La¨rmemissionen gemessen, um eine umfassende, konsistente Datenbasis zu erhalten. Neben der erstmaligen Anwendung von 3C-PIV an einem Rotor wurde zum erstenmal die Blattposition optisch mit Hilfe der SPR (Stereo Pattern Recognition) Methode erfasst, um die elastische Deformation der Rotorbla¨tter in allen Freiheitsgraden zu bestimmen. In diesem Artikel wird der HART II Test, alle verwendeten Messtechniken sowie einige Ergebnisse pra¨sentiert. (German) [Copyright 2004 Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - Active blade control
KW  - Rotor wake
KW  - Aktive Blattsteuerung
KW  - Rotorwirbelnachlauf
N1  - Accession Number: 13237482; van der Wall, Berend G. 1; Email Address: berend.vanderwall@dlr.de Burley, Casey L. 2 Yu, Yung 3 Richard, Hugues 4 Pengel, Kurt 5 Beaumier, Philippe 6; Affiliation:  1: DLR, Institut für Flugsystemtechnik, Lilienthalplatz 7, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: US Army AFDD, MS 207-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: DLR, Institut für Aerodynamik und Strömungstechnik, Bunsenstraße 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany  5: Deutsch-Niederländischer Windkanal, Postbus 175, NL-8300 AD Emmeloord, Netherlands  6: ONERA, BP 72, 29 avenue de la Division Leclerc, F-92322 Chatillon Cedex, France; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p273; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active blade control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotor wake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aktive Blattsteuerung; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotorwirbelnachlauf; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: German; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2004.01.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemec, Marian
AU  - Zingg, David W.
AU  - Pulliam, Thomas H.
T1  - Multipoint and Multi-Objective Aerodynamic Shape Optimization.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1057
EP  - 1065
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A gradient-based Newton-Krylov algorithm is presented for the aerodynamic shape optimization of single- and multi-element airfoil configurations. The flow is governed by the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with a one-equation transport turbulence model. The preconditioned generalized minimal residual method is applied to solve the discrete-adjoint equation, which leads to a fast computation of accurate objective function gradients. Optimization constraints are enforced through a penalty formulation, and the resulting unconstrained problem is solved via a quasi-Newton method. The new algorithm is evaluated for several design examples, including the lift enhancement of a takeoff configuration and a lift-constrained drag minimization at multiple transonic operating points. Furthermore, the new algorithm is used to compute a Pareto front based on competing objectives, and the results are validated using a genetic algorithm. Overall, the new algorithm provides an efficient approach for addressing the issues of complex aerodynamic design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - EQUATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 13673380; Nemec, Marian 1; Email Address: nemec@nas.nasa.gov Zingg, David W. 1; Email Address: dwz@oddjob.utias.utoronto.ca Pulliam, Thomas H. 2; Email Address: tpulliam@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1057; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Eldridge, J.I.1
AU  - Spuckler, C.M.1
AU  - Nesbitt, J.A.1
AU  - Street, K.W.1
T1  - TBC INTEGRITY.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
J1  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
PY  - 2004/06//
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 83
IS  - 6
CP  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 9701
EP  - 9704
SN  - 00027812
AB  - The article focuses on thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), which provide thermal protection for turbine engine components. It outlines an approach for determining the amount of TBC lifetime remaining by using mid-infrared (MIR) reflectance as a diagnostic tool. It notes that an advantage of the approach is that it works at wavelengths where the TBC has higher transmittance. The effect of furnace cycling, hemispherical reflectance, and cracks are among the topics discussed.
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
KW  - Infrared equipment
KW  - Furnaces
KW  - Reflectance
KW  - Protective coatings -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 62995203; Authors: Eldridge, J.I. 1, AUTHOR; Spuckler, C.M. 1, AUTHOR; Nesbitt, J.A. 1, AUTHOR; Street, K.W. 1, AUTHOR; Affiliations:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Subject: Thermal barrier coatings; Subject: Infrared equipment; Subject: Furnaces; Subject: Reflectance; Subject: Protective coatings -- Research; Number of Pages: 4p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Heinsch, Faith Ann
AU  - Zhao, Maosheng
AU  - Reeves, Matt
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - A Continuous Satellite-Derived Measure of Global Terrestrial Primary Production.
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 547
EP  - 560
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Until recently, continuous monitoring of global vegetation productivity has not been possible because of technological limitations. This article introduces a new satellite-driven monitor of the global biosphere that regularly computes daily gross primary production (GPP) and annual net primary production (NPP) at 1-kilometer (km) resolution over 109,782,756 km² of vegetated land surface. We summarize the history of global NPP science, as well as the derivation of this calculation, and current data production activity. The first data on NPP from  the EOS (Earth Observing System) MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) sensor are presented with different types of validation. We offer examples of how this new type of data set can serve ecological science, land management, and environmental policy. To enhance the use of these data by nonspecialists, we are now producing monthly anomaly maps for GPP and annual NPP that compare the current value with an 18-Fear average value for each pixel, clearly identifying regions where vegetation growth is higher or lower than normal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BioScience is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - biosphere
KW  - carbon cycles
KW  - MODIS
KW  - net primary production
KW  - terrestrial remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 13403190; Running, Steven W. 1; Email Address: swr@ntsg.umt.edu Heinsch, Faith Ann 2 Zhao, Maosheng 2 Reeves, Matt 3 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 4 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Professor and director, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812  2: Research personnel, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812  3: Research assistant, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812  4: Visiting graduate student, Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812  5: Research scientist, Earth Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p547; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: biosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycles; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: net primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial remote sensing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 9033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pomerantz, Andrew E.
AU  - Ausfelder, Florian
AU  - Zare, Richard N.
AU  - Huo, Winifred M.
T1  - Line strength factors for E,F1Σ+g(v′ = 0, J′ = J′′) – X1Σ+g (v′′, J′′) (2 + 1) REMPI transitions in molecular hydrogen
JO  - Canadian Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Canadian Journal of Chemistry
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 82
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 723
EP  - 729
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084042
AB  - Experimentally and theoretically determined line strengths are presented for E,F1Σ+g(v′ = 0, J′ = J′′) – X1Σ+g (v′′, J′′) (2 + 1) REMPI transitions in H2, HD, and D2. The experimental technique employs a hot filament source of internally excited hydrogen that allows experimental determination of line strengths for the low rotational states of highly excited vibrational manifolds (v′′ ≤ 4). The line strengths are found to depend only weakly on J′′ for the states measured here, and theoretical results indicate that the line strengths depend strongly on v′′. These values are combined with previously measured and calculated line strengths for these transitions (K.-D. Rinnen, M.A. Buntine, D.A.V. Kliner, R.N. Zare, and W.M. Huo. J. Chem. Phys. 95, 214 (1991)), resulting in a more complete compilation of REMPI line strengths for molecular hydrogen. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Nous avons déterminé théoriquement et expérimentalement les forces de raies pour les transitions REMPI E,F1Σ+g(v′ = 0, J′ = J′′) – X1Σ+g(v′′, J′′) (2 + 1) de H2, HD et D2. La technique expérimentale, qui utilise un filament chauffé comme source d'hydrogène rovibrationnellement excité, permet de mesurer les forces de raies pour les états rotationnels bas des niveaux vibrationnels excités (v′′ ≤ 4). Nos mesures montrent que les forces de raies ne dépendent que faiblement de J′′, et les résultats théoriques indiquent que les forces de raies dépendent fortement de v′′. Ces valeurs sont combinées aux forces de raies mesurées et calculées antérieurement pour ces mêmes transitions (K.-D. Rinnen, M.A. Buntine, D.A.V. Kliner, R.N. Zare, and W.M. Huo. J. Chem. Phys. 95, 214 (1991)), ce qui conduit à une compilation plus complète des forces de raies REMPI pour l'hydrogène moléculaire. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Chemistry is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Absorption spectra
KW  - Qualitative chemical analysis
KW  - Interferometry
KW  - Ionization (Atomic physics)
KW  - hydrogen
KW  - line strength
KW  - multiphoton
KW  - REMPI
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - force de raie
KW  - hydrogène
KW  - spectroscopie
N1  - Accession Number: 14703287; Pomerantz, Andrew E. 1; Ausfelder, Florian 1; Zare, Richard N. 1; Email Address: zare@stanford.edu; Huo, Winifred M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080 USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000 USA; Issue Info: Jun2004, Vol. 82 Issue 6, p723; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Absorption spectra; Subject Term: Qualitative chemical analysis; Subject Term: Interferometry; Subject Term: Ionization (Atomic physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: line strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiphoton; Author-Supplied Keyword: REMPI; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: force de raie; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogène; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopie; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/V04-074
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katta, V.R.
AU  - Takahashi, F.
AU  - Linteris, G.T.
T1  - Suppression of cup-burner flames using carbon dioxide in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 137
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 506
EP  - 522
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The extinguishment characteristics of CO2 as a fire-suppressing agent have been studied experimentally and numerically using a methane–air laminar co-flow diffusion flame stabilized on a cup burner. Direct numerical simulations of cup-burner flames under various gravitational forces were performed using a time-dependent, axisymmetric mathematical model with a detailed-chemical-kinetic mechanism for CH4/O2 combustion. Experiments with cup-burner flames under normal-gravity (<f>1g</f>) conditions were performed for comparison purposes. Both the computed flicker frequency and the predicted critical concentration of CO2 for extinguishing the flame compared well with the respective quantities measured in the experiments. As the buoyancy force is reduced, the flicker frequency decreases, the flame diameter increases, the tip opens, and the base becomes vertical. It is predicted that the cup-burner flame ceases to flicker for gravitational forces corresponding to less than <f>0.5g</f>. Numerical experiments revealed that radiative heat loss is predominantly responsible for flame quenching (opening) in the tip region under microgravity (<f>0g</f>) conditions. In contrast, <f>1g</f> flames are affected only slightly by the radiative heat loss. Calculations are made by adding different amounts of CO2 to the air stream for obtaining the critical volume fraction of CO2 to extinguish <f>0g</f> flames. The behavior is similar to that observed in <f>1g</f> flames: the addition of CO2 destabilizes the flame base, which then moves downstream in search of a new stabilization location. For CO2 volume fractions greater than 19.1%, the flame base moves out of the computational area, as it cannot find a stabilization point within the domain. This critical concentration for the <f>0g</f> flames is <f>∼32%</f> higher than that computed for the same flames under <f>1g</f> conditions. Calculations made by ignoring radiation for the limiting flame under <f>0g</f> conditions yielded a stable flame. This study suggests that it is important to consider radiation heat losses when estimating the extinguishment limits of cup-burner flames in microgravity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - THERMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - METHANE
KW  - Buoyancy
KW  - Cup-burner
KW  - Extinguishment
KW  - Fire-safety
KW  - Fire-suppression
KW  - Inhibitors
N1  - Accession Number: 13178614; Katta, V.R. 1; Email Address: vrkatta@innssi.com Takahashi, F. 2 Linteris, G.T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Innovative Scientific Solutions Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440, USA  2: National Center for Microgravity Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 137 Issue 4, p506; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: THERMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: METHANE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buoyancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cup-burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinguishment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire-safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire-suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inhibitors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.01.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benedikt, B.
AU  - Gentz, M.
AU  - Kumosa, L.
AU  - Rupnowski, P.
AU  - Sutter, J.K.
AU  - Predecki, P.K.
AU  - Kumosa, M.
T1  - X-ray diffraction experiments on aged graphite fiber/polyimide composites with embedded aluminum inclusions
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 667
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Unidirectional and woven graphite fiber (T650-35)/polyimide (PMR-15) composites with embedded aluminum inclusions were investigated for their aging behavior either in nitrogen or air at 315 °C for up to 1170 h. Residual strains and stresses in the inclusions were determined as a function of aging by performing X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Subsequently, residual strains and stresses in the interlaminar regions of the composites were numerically estimated using the visco-elastic Eshelby/Mori–Tanaka method and classical lamination plate theory (CLPT). It was shown in this work that the residual strains and stresses in the inclusions as determined by XRD were noticeably affected by the aging conditions. For the composite aged in nitrogen good agreement was found between XRD and numerical determinations of residual stresses in the inclusions and in the interlaminar matrix. However, for the composites aged in air significant differences were observed between the experiment and the model. Large amounts of damage to the composites caused by oxidation and the volumetric shrinkage of the PMR-15 resin in air, which were not incorporated into the models, were responsible for the significant differences between the numerical predictions of the residual stresses and those determined from the XRD experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED plastics
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - A. Laminates
KW  - A. Plates
KW  - A. Polymer matrix composites
KW  - Graphite
KW  - Polyimide woven composites
N1  - Accession Number: 12896719; Benedikt, B. 1; Gentz, M. 1; Kumosa, L. 1; Rupnowski, P. 1; Sutter, J.K. 2; Predecki, P.K. 1; Kumosa, M. 1; Email Address: mkumosa@du.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Structures, University of Denver, 2450 S. Gaylord Street, Denver, CO 80208, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jun2004, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p667; Subject Term: LAMINATED plastics; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide woven composites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326130 Laminated Plastics Plate, Sheet (except Packaging), and Shape Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.02.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panzarella, Charles
AU  - Plachta, David
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
T1  - Pressure control of large cryogenic tanks in microgravity
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 44
IS  - 6-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
EP  - 483
SN  - 00112275
AB  - This work studies the pressure control of a large cryogen storage tank in microgravity using a series of parametric numerical simulations. The complete governing equations in the liquid region are coupled to a lumped thermodynamic treatment of the vapor region. It is shown that even in microgravity buoyancy effects rapidly bring the vapor region up to the tank wall. Long-term pressurization studies show that natural convection still leads to considerable thermal stratification in the liquid. A subcooled liquid jet is used to control the pressure rise. At its lowest speed, the jet cannot penetrate far enough into the liquid region to cool the vapor because of retarding buoyancy forces. As the jet speed is increased, it is shown to be quite effective at disrupting the thermal stratification and reducing the tank pressure in a reasonable amount of time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - STRUCTURAL shells
KW  - CFD
KW  - Space cryogenics (F)
KW  - Two-phase flow (C)
KW  - Vapor pressure (C)
KW  - Zero boil off
N1  - Accession Number: 13397290; Panzarella, Charles 1; Email Address: charles.h.panzarella@grc.nasa.gov Plachta, David 2 Kassemi, Mohammad 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 44 Issue 6-8, p475; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL shells; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space cryogenics (F); Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-phase flow (C); Author-Supplied Keyword: Vapor pressure (C); Author-Supplied Keyword: Zero boil off; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2004.03.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Dresar, Neil T.
T1  - An uncertainty analysis of the PVT gauging method applied to sub-critical cryogenic propellant tanks
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 44
IS  - 6-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 515
EP  - 523
SN  - 00112275
AB  - The PVT (pressure, volume, temperature) method of liquid quantity gauging in low-gravity is based on gas law calculations assuming conservation of pressurant gas within the propellant tank and the pressurant supply bottle. There is interest in applying this method to cryogenic propellant tanks since the method requires minimal additional hardware or instrumentation. To use PVT with cryogenic fluids, a non-condensable pressurant gas (helium) is required. With cryogens, there will be a significant amount of propellant vapor mixed with the pressurant gas in the tank ullage. This condition, along with the high sensitivity of propellant vapor pressure to temperature, makes the PVT method susceptible to substantially greater measurement uncertainty than is the case with less volatile propellants. A conventional uncertainty analysis is applied to example cases of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen tanks. It appears that the PVT method may be feasible for liquid oxygen. Acceptable accuracy will be more difficult to obtain with liquid hydrogen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - Cryogenic propellants
KW  - Gauging
KW  - Low-gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 13397295; Van Dresar, Neil T. 1; Email Address: neil.t.vandresar@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, M.S.86-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 44 Issue 6-8, p515; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic propellants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gauging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-gravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2004.01.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurtt, George C.
AU  - Dubayah, Ralph
AU  - Drake, Jason
AU  - Moorcroft, Paul R.
AU  - Pacala, Stephen W.
AU  - Blair, J. Bryan
AU  - Fearon, Matthew G.
T1  - BEYOND POTENTIAL VEGETATION: COMBINING LIDAR DATA AND A HEIGHT-STRUCTURED MODEL FOR CARBON STUDIES.
JO  - Ecological Applications
JF  - Ecological Applications
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 873
EP  - 883
SN  - 10510761
AB  - The article presents a study which assesses the potential for using lidar observations of tropical forest structure to initialize the ecosystem demography model for improved estimates of carbon stocks and fluxes. It indicates that lidar data provided substantial constraints on model estimates of carbon stocks and net carbon fluxes. The results the study provide a promising illustration of the power of combining lidar data on vegetation height with a height-structured ecosystem model.
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
KW  - Ecosystem dynamics
KW  - Ecology
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Remote sensing by laser beam
KW  - aboveground biomass
KW  - carbon fluxes
KW  - Costa Rica
KW  - ecosystem demography
KW  - ecosystem modeling
KW  - La Selva
KW  - lidar
KW  - regional carbon stocks
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 112065697; Hurtt, George C. 1,2; Dubayah, Ralph 3; Drake, Jason 3,4; Moorcroft, Paul R. 5; Pacala, Stephen W. 6; Blair, J. Bryan 7; Fearon, Matthew G. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute for the Study of Earth Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 USA; 2: Department of Natural Resources, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824 USA; 3: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA; 4: D. B. Warnell School of Forest Resources, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602 USA; 5: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA; 6: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 USA; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771 USA; Issue Info: Jun2004, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p873; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation dynamics; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystem dynamics; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Remote sensing by laser beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: aboveground biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Costa Rica; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem demography; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: La Selva; Author-Supplied Keyword: lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: regional carbon stocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1890/02-5317
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matsuoka, Masayoshi
AU  - Rock, Stephen M.
AU  - Bualat, Maria G.
T1  - Rover, Go Your Own Way Self-Calibrating Pseudolite Array.
JO  - GPS World
JF  - GPS World
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 22
PB  - North Coast Media, LLC
SN  - 10485104
AB  - Presents the usage of Mars rovers on self-deployable pseudolite-based navigation system without a satellite constellation. Provision of the navigation system on a drift-free, centimeter-level, three-dimensional positioning; Critical requirement for autonomous rover mobility in the uncertain Martian environment; Development of Stanford University Aerospace Robotics Laboratory and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center on a self-deployable Global Positioning System pseudolite-based navigation system called a Self-Calibrating Pseudolite Array.
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in navigation
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 13483941; Matsuoka, Masayoshi; Rock, Stephen M. 1; Bualat, Maria G. 2; Affiliations: 1: Professor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Director of Aerospace Robotics Laboratory at Stanford; 2: Project Manager and Systems Engineer at NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jun2004, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p14; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in navigation; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Erev, Ido
AU  - Barron, Greg
AU  - Remington, Roger
T1  - Right of way in the sky: two problems in aircraft self-separation and the auction-based solution.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2004///Summer2004
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - journal article
SP  - 267
EP  - 276
SN  - 00187208
AB  - There has been a growing movement to give commercial airliners more freedom in choosing their routes and responsibility for detecting and avoiding conflicts. These "free flight" concepts must contain new rules for assigning right of way in potential conflict situations. To evaluate the effect of prospective rules, the current paper derives the expected response of agents who exhibit different levels of sophistication. Traditional game theoretic analysis is used to derive the behavior of rational agents. Computer simulations are used to predict the behavior of boundedly rational reinforcement learners. The results reveal that several seemingly reasonable, straightforward right-of-way rules might lead to undesirable outcomes. These problematic results are robust to the assumed level of rationality. It is shown that these problems can be alleviated by using auctions to resolve competition for right of way. Actual or potential applications of this research include the usage of second price auctions to address right-of-way and similar conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - RIGHT of way
KW  - AIRLINE industry
KW  - ACCIDENT prevention
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - RESEARCH -- Methodology
KW  - MEDICAL cooperation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EVALUATION -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 14237853; Erev, Ido 1; Email Address: erev@tx.technion.ac.il Barron, Greg 2 Remington, Roger 3; Affiliation:  1: Technion — Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel  2: Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Summer2004, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p267; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: RIGHT of way; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry; Subject Term: ACCIDENT prevention; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Methodology; Subject Term: MEDICAL cooperation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EVALUATION -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korycansky, D.G.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - Atmospheric impacts, fragmentation, and small craters on Venus
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 169
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 299
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We use high-resolution three-dimensional numerical models of aerodynamically disrupted asteroids to predict the characteristic properties of small impact craters on Venus. We map the mass and kinetic energy of the impactor passing though a plane near the surface for each simulation, and find that the typical result is that mass and energy sort themselves into one to several strongly peaked regions, which we interpret as more-or-less discrete fragments. The fragments are sufficiently well separated as to imply the formation of irregular or multiple craters that are quite similar to those found on Venus. We estimate the diameters of the resulting craters using a scaling law derived from the experiments of Schultz and Gault (1985, J. Geophys. Res. 90 (B5), 3701–3732) of dispersed impactors into targets. We compare the spacings and sizes of our estimated craters with measured diameters tabulated in a Venus crater database (Herrick and Phillips, 1994a, Icarus 111, 387–416; Herrick et al., 1997, in: Venus II, Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, pp. 1015–1046; Herrick, 2003, http://www.lpi.usra.edu/research/vc/vchome.html) and find quite satisfactory agreement, despite the uncertainty in our crater diameter estimates. The comparison of the observed crater characteristics with the numerical results is an after-the-fact test of our model, namely the fluid-dynamical treatment of large impacts, which the model appears to pass successfully. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - ESTIMATES
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Craters
KW  - Impacts
KW  - Venus
N1  - Accession Number: 13060512; Korycansky, D.G. 1; Email Address: kory@es.ucsc.edu Zahnle, Kevin J. 2; Affiliation:  1: CODEP, Department Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 169 Issue 2, p287; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: ESTIMATES; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Murad, Enver
AU  - Lane, Melissa D.
AU  - Mancinelli, Rocco L.
T1  - Multiple techniques for mineral identification on Mars:: a study of hydrothermal rocks as potential analogues for astrobiology sites on Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 169
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 323
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Spectroscopic studies of Mars analog materials combining multiple spectral ranges and techniques are necessary in order to obtain ground truth information for interpretation of rocks and soils on Mars. Two hydrothermal rocks from Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, were characterized here because they contain minerals requiring water for formation and they provide a possible niche for some of the earliest organisms on Earth. If related rocks formed in hydrothermal sites on Mars, identification of these would be important for understanding the geology of the planet and potential habitability for life. XRD, thermal properties, VNIR, mid-IR, and Raman spectroscopy were employed to identify the mineralogy of the samples in this study. The rocks studied here include a travertine from Mammoth Formation that contains primarily calcite with some aragonite and gypsum and a siliceous sinter from Octopus Spring that contains a variety of poorly crystalline to amorphous silicate minerals. Calcite was detected readily in the travertine rock using any one of the techniques studied. The small amount of gypsum was uniquely identified using XRD, VNIR, and mid-IR, while the aragonite was uniquely identified using XRD and Raman. The siliceous sinter sample was more difficult to characterize using each of these techniques and a combination of all techniques was more useful than any single technique. Although XRD is the historical standard for mineral identification, it presents some challenges for remote investigations. Thermal properties are most useful for minerals with discrete thermal transitions. Raman spectroscopy is most effective for detecting polarized species such as CO3, OH, and CH, and exhibits sharp bands for most highly crystalline minerals when abundant. Mid-IR spectroscopy is most useful in characterizing Si-O (and metal-O) bonds and also has the advantage that remote information about sample texture (e.g., particle size) can be determined. Mid-IR spectroscopy is also sensitive to structural OH, CO3, and SO4 bonds when abundant. VNIR spectroscopy is best for characterizing metal excitational bands and water, and is also a good technique for identification of structural OH, CO3, SO4, or CH bonds. Combining multiple techniques provides the most comprehensive information about mineralogy because of the different selection rules and particle size sensitivities, in addition to maximum coverage of excitational and vibrational bands at all wavelengths. This study of hydrothermal rocks from Yellowstone provides insights on how to combine information from multiple instruments to identify mineralogy and hence evidence of water on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL deposits
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Hydrothermal rocks
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Mars
KW  - Raman
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 13060516; Bishop, Janice L. 1; Email Address: jbishop@mail.arc.nasa.gov Murad, Enver 2 Lane, Melissa D. 3 Mancinelli, Rocco L. 1; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, Leopoldstrasse 30, Postfach 389, D-95603, Marktredwitz, Germany  3: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell Rd., Ste. 16, Tucson, AZ 85705, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 169 Issue 2, p311; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL deposits; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrothermal rocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gibbard, S.G.
AU  - Macintosh, B.
AU  - Gavel, D.
AU  - Max, C.E.
AU  - de Pater, I.
AU  - Roe, H.G.
AU  - Ghez, A.M.
AU  - Young, E.F.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - Speckle imaging of Titan at 2 microns: surface albedo, haze optical depth, and tropospheric clouds 1996–1998
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 169
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
EP  - 439
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We present results from 14 nights of observations of Titan in 1996–1998 using near-infrared (centered at 2.1 microns) speckle imaging at the 10-meter W.M. Keck Telescope. The observations have a spatial resolution of 0.06 arcseconds. We detect bright clouds on three days in October 1998, with a brightness about <f>0.5%</f> of the brightness of Titan. Using a 16-stream radiative transfer model (DISORT) to model the central equatorial longitude of each image, we construct a suite of surface albedo models parameterized by the optical depth of Titan''s hydrocarbon haze layer. From this we conclude that Titan''s equatorial surface albedo has plausible values in the range of 0–0.20. Titan''s minimum haze optical depth cannot be constrained from this modeling, but an upper limit of 0.3 at this wavelength range is found. More accurate determination of Titan''s surface albedo and haze optical depth, especially at higher latitudes, will require a model that fully considers the 3-dimensional nature of Titan''s atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - satellite (Surfaces)
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 13060527; Gibbard, S.G. 1; Email Address: sgibbard@igpp.ucllnl.org Macintosh, B. 1 Gavel, D. 1,2 Max, C.E. 1,2 de Pater, I. 3 Roe, H.G. 3,4 Ghez, A.M. 5 Young, E.F. 6 McKay, C.P. 7; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA  2: Center for Adaptive Optics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  6: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 169 Issue 2, p429; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite (Surfaces); Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roe, H.G.
AU  - de Pater, I.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - Seasonal variation of Titan's stratospheric ethylene (C2H4) observed
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 169
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 440
EP  - 461
SN  - 00191035
AB  - All previous observations of seasonal change on Titan have been of physical phenomena such as clouds and haze. We present here the first observational evidence of chemical change in Titan''s atmosphere. Images taken during 1999–2002 (late southern spring on Titan) with the W.M. Keck I 10-meter telescope at 8–13 μm show a significant accumulation of ethylene (C2H4) in the south polar stratosphere as well as north–south stratospheric temperature variation (colder at poles). Our observations restrict this newly discovered south polar ethylene accumulation to latitudes south of 60° S. The only other observations of the spatial distribution of C2H4 were those of Voyager I, which found a significant north polar accumulation in early northern spring. We see no build-up in the north, although the highest northern latitudes are obstructed from view in the current season. Our observations constrain any unobserved north polar accumulation of C2H4 to north of 50° N latitude. Comparison of the Voyager I results with our new results show seasonal chemical change has occurred in Titan''s atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - infrared observations (Atmospheres)
KW  - satellites (Titan)
N1  - Accession Number: 13060529; Roe, H.G. 1; Email Address: hroe@gps.caltech.edu de Pater, I. 2 McKay, C.P. 3; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: University of California, Department of Astronomy, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 169 Issue 2, p440; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared observations (Atmospheres); Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites (Titan); Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - The fate of ejecta from Hyperion
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 169
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 462
EP  - 473
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Ejecta from Saturn's moon Hyperion are subject to powerful perturbations from nearby Titan, which control their ultimate fate. We have performed numerical integrations to simulate a simplified system consisting of Saturn (including optical flattening as well as dynamical oblateness), its main ring system (treated as a massless flat annulus), the moons Tethys, Dione, Titan, Hyperion, and Iapetus, and the Sun (treated simply as a massive satellite). At several different points in Hyperion's orbit, 1050 massless particles, more or less evenly distributed over latitude and longitude, were ejected radially outward from 1 km above Hyperion's mean radius at speeds 10% faster than escape speed from Hyperion. Most of these particles were removed within the first few thousand years, but ∼3% of them survived the entire 100,000-year duration of the simulations. Ejecta from Hyperion are much more widely scattered than previously thought, and can cross the orbits of all of Saturn's satellites. About 9% of all the particles escaped from the saturnian system, but Titan accreted ∼78% of the total, while Hyperion reaccreted only ∼5%. This low efficiency of reaccretion may help to account for Hyperion's small size and rugged shape. Only ∼1% of all the particles hit other satellites, and another ∼1% impacted Saturn itself, while ∼3% of them struck its main rings. The high proportion of impacts into Saturn''s rings is surprising; these collisions show a broad decline in impact speed with time, suggesting that Hyperion ejecta gradually spread inwards. Additional simulations were used to investigate the dependence of ejecta evolution on launch speed, the mass of Hyperion, and the presence of the Sun. In general, the wide distribution of ejecta from Hyperion suggests that it does contribute to “Population II” craters on the inner satellites of Saturn. Ejecta which escape from a satellite into temporary orbit about its planet, but later reimpact into the same moon or another one produce “poltorary” impacts, intermediate in character between primary and secondary impacts. It may be possible to distinguish poltorary craters from primary and secondary craters on the basis of morphology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Satellites of Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 13060530; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1,2; Email Address: dobro@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Lick Observatory, U.C. Santa Cruz, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 169 Issue 2, p462; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Saturn; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhattacharjee, Sudeep
AU  - Booske, John H.
AU  - Kory, Carol L.
AU  - van der Weide, Dan W.
AU  - Limbach, Steve
AU  - Gallagher, S.
AU  - Welter, John D.
AU  - Lopez, Mike R.
AU  - Gilgenbach, Ronald M.
AU  - Ives, R. Lawrence
AU  - Read, Michael E.
AU  - Divan, Ralu
AU  - Mancini, D. C.
T1  - Folded Waveguide Traveling-Wave Tube Sources for Terahertz Radiation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2004/06//Jun2004 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1002
EP  - 1014
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Microfabricated folded waveguide traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) are potential compact sources of wide-band, high-power terahertz radiation. We present feasibility studies of an oscillator concept using an amplifier with delayed feedback. Simulations of a 560-GHz oscillator and experimental evaluation of the concept at 50 GHz are presented. Additionally, results from various fabrication methods that are under investigation, such as X-ray lithography, electroforming, and molding (LIGA), UV LIGA, and deep reactive ion etching are presented. Observations and measurements are reported on the generation of stable single-frequency oscillation states. On varying the feedback level, the oscillation changes from a stable single-frequency state at the threshold to multifrequency spectra in the overdriven state. Simulation and experimental results on amplifier characterization and dynamics of the regenerative TWT oscillator include spectral evolution and phase stability of the generated frequencies. The results of the experiment are in good agreement with the simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAVELING-wave tubes
KW  - PLASMA waveguides
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - VACUUM-tube amplifiers
KW  - X-ray lithography
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 14268230; Bhattacharjee, Sudeep 1; Email Address: sudeepb@ece.wisc.edu Booske, John H. 1 Kory, Carol L. 2 van der Weide, Dan W. 1 Limbach, Steve 1 Gallagher, S. 1 Welter, John D. 1 Lopez, Mike R. 3 Gilgenbach, Ronald M. 3 Ives, R. Lawrence 4 Read, Michael E. 4 Divan, Ralu 5 Mancini, D. C. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA.  2: Analex Corporation, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.  3: Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml 48105 USA.  4: Calabazas Creek Research, Inc., Saratoga, CA 95070 USA.  5: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA.; Source Info: Jun2004 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p1002; Subject Term: TRAVELING-wave tubes; Subject Term: PLASMA waveguides; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: VACUUM-tube amplifiers; Subject Term: X-ray lithography; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2004.828886
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sui Ruan
AU  - Fang Ta
AU  - Pattipati, Krishna R.
AU  - Patterson-Hine, Ann
T1  - On a Multimode Test Sequencing Problem.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1490
EP  - 1499
SN  - 10834419
AB  - Test sequencing is a binary identification problem wherein one needs to develop a minimal expected cost test procedure to determine which one of a finite number of possible failure states, if any, is present. In this paper, we consider a multimode test sequencing (MMTS) problem, in which tests are distributed among multiple modes and additional transition costs will be incurred if a test sequence involves mode changes. The multimode test sequencing problem can be solved optimally via dynamic programming or AND/OR graph search methods. However, for large systems, the associated computation with dynamic programming or AND/OR graph search methods is substantial due to the rapidly increasing number of OR nodes (denoting ambiguity states and current modes) and AM) nodes (denoting next modes and tests) in the search graph. In order to overcome the computational explosion, we propose to apply three heuristic algorithms based on information gain: information gain heuristic (IG), mode capability evaluation (MC), and mode capability evaluation with limited exploration of depth and degree of mode Isolation (MCLEI). We also propose to apply roll out strategies, which are guaranteed to improve the performance of heuristics, as long as the heuristics are sequentially improving. We show computational results, which suggest that the information-heuristic based rollout policies are significantly better than traditional information gain heuristic. We also show that among the three information heuristics proposed, MCLEI achieves the best tradeoff between optimality and computational complexity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IDENTIFICATION
KW  - SEQUENCES (Mathematics)
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
KW  - GRAPHIC methods
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
KW  - HEURISTIC
N1  - Accession Number: 13336824; Sui Ruan 1; Email Address: sruan@engr.uconn.edu Fang Ta 2; Email Address: tufang@engr.uconn.edu Pattipati, Krishna R. 1; Email Address: krishna@engr.uconn.edu Patterson-Hine, Ann 3; Affiliation:  1: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1157 USA.  2: Qualtech Systems, Inc., Wethersfield, CT 06109 USA.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA.; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p1490; Subject Term: IDENTIFICATION; Subject Term: SEQUENCES (Mathematics); Subject Term: DYNAMIC programming; Subject Term: GRAPHIC methods; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Subject Term: HEURISTIC; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCB.2004.825940
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyer, Georg F.
AU  - Mulligan, Jeffrey B.
AU  - Wuerger, Sophie M.
T1  - Continuous audio–visual digit recognition using <f>N</f>-best decision fusion
JO  - Information Fusion
JF  - Information Fusion
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
SN  - 15662535
AB  - Audio–visual speech recognition systems can be categorised into systems that integrate audio–visual features before decisions are made (feature fusion) and those that integrate decisions of separate recognisers for each modality (decision fusion). Decision fusion has been applied at the level of individual analysis time frames, phone segments and for isolated word recognition but in its basic form cannot be used for continuous speech recognition because of the combinatorial explosion of possible word string hypotheses that have to be evaluated.We present a case for decision fusion at the utterance level and propose an algorithm that can be applied efficiently to continuous speech recognition tasks, which we call <f>N</f>-best decision fusion. The system was tested on a single-speaker, continuous digit recognition task where the audio stream was contaminated by additive multi-speaker babble noise.The audio–visual recognition system resulted in lower word error rates for all signal-to-noise conditions tested compared to the audio-alone system. The magnitude of the improvement was dependent on the signal-to-noise ratio. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Information Fusion is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Audio–visual speech
KW  - Decision fusion
KW  - Lip reading
KW  - Speech recognition
N1  - Accession Number: 12775569; Meyer, Georg F. 1; Email Address: g.meyer@liverpool.ac.uk Mulligan, Jeffrey B. 2 Wuerger, Sophie M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Liverpool, Eleanor Rathbone Building, Bedford Street South, Liverpool L69 7ZA, UK  2: Human Factors Research and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 262-2 Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p91; Author-Supplied Keyword: Audio–visual speech; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lip reading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speech recognition; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.inffus.2003.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, C. C.
AU  - Hesketh, P. J.
AU  - Hunter, G. W.
T1  - Chemical Microsensors.
JO  - Interface
JF  - Interface
Y1  - 2004///Summer2004
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 27
SN  - 10648208
AB  - The need for chemical sensor technology in applications such as industrial processing, aerospace, and security has increased in recent years. In practice, the sensing elements must be relatively small in size, robust, and should not require a large sensing sample volume. This article discusses silicon-based processing techniques and their use in the fabrication of chemical sensing microsystems. These processing techniques have enabled the fabrication of new sensor structures and sensor arrays with high capabilities but limited size, weight, and power consumption.
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - SILICON
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - CHEMICAL detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 13949364; Liu, C. C. Hesketh, P. J. 1 Hunter, G. W. 2; Email Address: W.Hunter@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Mechanical Engineering, George Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology.  2: Technical Lead, Chemical Species Gas Sensors Team, Sensors and Electronics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio.; Source Info: Summer2004, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p22; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL detectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modeled microgravity-induced protein kinase C isoform expression in human lymphocytes.
AU  - Sundaresan, A.
AU  - Risin, D.
AU  - Pellis, N.R.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 96
IS  - 6
SP  - 2028
EP  - 2033
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 13516469; Author: Sundaresan, A.: 1 email: alamelu.sundaresan@jsc.nasa.gov. Author: Risin, D.: 2 Author: Pellis, N.R.: 3 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association: 2 Biological System Office: 3 Biological Sciences and Applications Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20040623
N2  - In long-term space travel, the crew is exposed to microgravity and radiation that invoke potential hazards to the immune system. T cell activation is a critical step in the immune response. Receptor-mediated signaling is inhibited in both microgravity and modeled microgravity (MMG) as reflected by diminished DNA synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes and their locomotion through gelled type I collagen. Direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC) bypassing cell surface events using the phorbol ester PMA rescues MMG-inhibited lymphocyte activation and locomotion, whereas the calcium ionophore ionomycin had no rescue effect. Thus calcium-independent PKC isoforms may be affected in MMG-induced locomotion inhibition and rescue. Both calcium-dependent isoforms and calcium-independent PKC isoforms were investigated to assess their expression in lymphocytes in 1 g and MMG culture. Human lymphocytes were cultured and harvested at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and serial samples were assessed for locomotion by using type I collagen and expression of PKC isoforms. Expression of PKC-α, -δ, and -∈ was assessed by RT-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. Results indicated that PKC isoforms δ and ∈ were downregulated by >50% at the transcriptional and translational levels in MMG-cultured lymphocytes compared with 1-g controls. Events upstream of PKC, such as phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ in MMG, revealed accumulation of inactive enzyme. Depressed calcium-independent PKC isoforms may be a consequence of an upstream lesion in the signal transduction pathway. The differential response among calcium-dependent and calcium-independent isoforms may actually result from MMG intrusion events earlier than PKC, but after ligand-receptor interaction. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *LYMPHOCYTES
KW  - *IMMUNITY
KW  - *LOCOMOTION
KW  - *DNA
KW  - PROTEIN kinase C
KW  - IMMUNOBLOTTING
KW  - immunity
KW  - locomotion
KW  - signal transduction
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vibration-induced activation of muscle afferents modulates bioassayable growth hormone release.
AU  - Gosselink, K.L.
AU  - Roy, R.R.
AU  - H. Zhong
AU  - Grindeland, R.E.
AU  - Bigbee, A.J.
AU  - Edgerton, V.R.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 96
IS  - 6
SP  - 2097
EP  - 2102
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 13516476; Author: Gosselink, K.L.: 1 Author: Roy, R.R.: 2 email: rrr@ucla.edu. Author: H. Zhong: 2 Author: Grindeland, R.E.: 3 Author: Bigbee, A.J.: 4 Author: Edgerton, V.R.: 1,2,4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Physiological Science: 2 Brain Research Institute: 3 Life Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Ames Research Center, California: 4 Department of Neurobiology, University of California; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20040623
N2  - The effects of tendon vibration on bioassayable growth hormone (BGH) secretion from the pituitary gland were investigated in anesthetized adult male rats. The tendons from predominantly fast-twitch ankle extensor muscles (gastrocnemius and plantaris) or a predominantly slow-twitch ankle extensor (soleus) were vibrated by using a paradigm that selectively activates group Ia afferent fibers from muscle spindles. The lower hindlimb was secured with the muscles near physiological length, and the tendons were vibrated for 15 min at 150 Hz and a displacement of 1 mm. Control rats were prepared similarly, but the tendons were not vibrated. Compared with control, vibration of the tendons of the fast ankle extensors markedly increased (160%), whereas vibration of the slow soleus decreased (68%), BGH secretion. Complete denervation of the hindlimb had no independent effects on the normal resting levels of BGH, but it prevented the effects of tendon vibration on BGH secretion. The results are consistent with previous findings showing modulation of BGH release in response to in vivo activation or in situ electrical stimulation of muscle afferents (Bigbee AJ, Gosselink KL, Grindeland RE, Roy RR, Zhong H, and Edgerton VR. J Appl Physiol 89: 2174-2178, 2000; Gosselink KL, Grindeland RE, Roy RR, Zhong H, Bigbee AJ, and Edgerton VR. J Appl Physiol 88: 142-148, 2000; Gosselink KL, Grindeland RE, Roy RR, Zhong H, Bigbee AJ, Grossman EJ, and Edgerton VR. J Appl Physiol 84: 1425-1430, 1998). These data provide evidence that this previously described muscle afferent-pituitary axis is neurally mediated via group Ia afferents from peripheral skeletal muscle. Furthermore, these data show that activation of this group Ia afferent pathway from fast muscles enhances, whereas the same sensory afferent input from a slow muscle depresses, BGH release. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *TENDONS
KW  - *SOMATOTROPIN
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - BIOLOGICAL assay
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - proprioception
KW  - putuitary
KW  - tendon vibration
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Human cutaneous vascular responses to whole-body tilting, Gz centrifugation, and LBNP.
AU  - Watenpaugh, Donald E.
AU  - Breit, Gregory A.
AU  - Buckley, Theresa M.
AU  - Ballard, Richard E.
AU  - Murthy, Gita
AU  - Hargens, Alan R.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 96
IS  - 6
SP  - 2153
EP  - 2160
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 13516485; Author: Watenpaugh, Donald E.: 1 email: watenpaugh@nsmrl.navy.mil. Author: Breit, Gregory A.: 1 Author: Buckley, Theresa M.: 1 Author: Ballard, Richard E.: 1 Author: Murthy, Gita: 1 Author: Hargens, Alan R.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Gravitational Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20040623
N2  - We hypothesized that gravitational stimuli elicit cardiovascular responses in the following order with gravitational stress equalized at the level of the feet, from lowest to highest response: short- (SAC) and long-arm centrifugation (LAC), tilt, and lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Up to 15 healthy subjects underwent graded application of the four stimuli. Laser-Doppler flowmetry measured regional skin blood flow. At 0.6 Gz (60 mmHg LBNP), tilt and LBNP similarly reduced leg skin blood flow to ∼36% of supine baseline levels. Flow increased back toward baseline levels at 80-100 mmHg LBNP yet remained stable during 0.8-1.0 Gz tilt. Centrifugation usually produced less leg vasoconstriction than tilt or LBNP. Surprisingly, SAC and LAC did not differ significantly. Thigh responses were less definitive than leg responses. No gravitational vasoconstriction occurred in the neck. All conditions except SAC increased heart rate, according to our hypothesized order. LBNP may be a more effective and practical means of simulating cardiovascular effects of gravity than centrifugation. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *CARDIOVASCULAR system
KW  - *HEMODYNAMICS
KW  - *BLOOD flow
KW  - CENTRIFUGATION
KW  - LASER Doppler blood flowmetry
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - cutaneous circulation
KW  - gravity
KW  - hemodynamics
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramachandra, Canumalla
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Tewari, Surendra N.
AU  - deGroot, Wim A.
T1  - Spectroscopic Nondestructive Evaluation of Environment Barrier Coating Failure on Silicon-Based Ceramics.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 87
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1117
EP  - 1121
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are external ceramic coatings on silicon-based ceramic components to protect them from water vapor attack in combustion environments. A spectroscopic nondestructive technique to monitor the degradation of environmental barrier coatings was investigated. Lithium oxide was selected as a spectroscopic marker material after an extensive screening of various materials for their emissivity in simulated combustion environments. Spectral response of excited lithium atoms from mullite doped with 0.025–1 wt% lithium oxide was examined under an oxy- acetylene flame. A three-layer EBC (Si/Li2O-doped mullite/ BSAS) on a silicon carbide substrate, which had fine simulated cracks, showed significant lithium emission on exposure to the oxy-acetylene flame, which demonstrated the potential of emission spectroscopy as a nondestructive evaluation tool to monitor EBC degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SILICON
KW  - CERAMIC coating
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - LITHIUM
N1  - Accession Number: 13487668; Ramachandra, Canumalla 1,2 Lee, Kang N. 1 Tewari, Surendra N. 3 deGroot, Wim A.; Affiliation:  1: Chemical Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  3: Wim A. deGroot Consulting, Palo Alto, California 94303; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 87 Issue 6, p1117; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: CERAMIC coating; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: LITHIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chamberlain, Adam L.
AU  - Fahrenholtz, William G.
AU  - Hilmas, Gregory E.
AU  - Ellerby, Donald T.
T1  - High-Strength Zirconium Diboride-Based Ceramics.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 87
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1170
EP  - 1172
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Zirconium diboride (ZrB2) and ZrB2 ceramics containing 10, 20, and 30 vol% SiC particulates were prepared from commercially available powders by hot pressing. Four-point bend strength, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, and hardness were measured. Modulus and hardness did not vary significantly with SiC content. In contrast, strength and toughness increased as SiC content increased. Strength increased from 565 MPa for ZrB2 to > 1000 MPa for samples containing 20 or 30 vol% SiC. The increase in strength was attributed to a decrease in grain size and the presence of WC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - ZIRCONIUM
KW  - POWDERS
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - CERAMIC engineering
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 13487889; Chamberlain, Adam L. 1 Fahrenholtz, William G. 1 Hilmas, Gregory E. 1 Ellerby, Donald T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Ceramic Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 87 Issue 6, p1170; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM; Subject Term: POWDERS; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: CERAMIC engineering; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Clark, Timothy T.
T1  - A generalized Heisenberg model for turbulent spectral dynamics.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 272
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - A simplified closure model for turbulent spectral dynamics is proposed. Beginning with an analytical closure similar to the test field model, energy transfer is modeled by replacing general triad interactions by degenerate triad interactions, resulting in a pair interaction description similar to the classical Heisenberg model. This energy transfer model is coupled to a similarly simplified time scale evolution equation. These simplifications make it possible to preserve many features of much more complex analytical closures like the direct interaction approximation and the Lagrangian renormalized approximation in a computationally tractable model. The model is tested in decaying isotropic turbulence and in forced isotropic turbulence. It is found to exhibit refined properties, including energy backscatter to large scales and the bottleneck phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - Heisenberg model
KW  - Isotropic turbulence
KW  - turbulence closures
N1  - Accession Number: 14019447; Rubinstein, Robert 1; Email Address: r.rubinstein@larc.nasa.gov Clark, Timothy T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23861-2199, USA  2: X Division, Group X-3, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p249; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heisenberg model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotropic turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence closures; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harcombe, P.A.
AU  - Greene, S.E.
AU  - Kramer, M.G.
AU  - Acker, S.A.
AU  - Spies, T.A.
AU  - Valentine, T.
T1  - The influence of fire and windthrow dynamics on a coastal spruce–hemlock forest in Oregon, USA, based on aerial photographs spanning 40 years
JO  - Forest Ecology & Management
JF  - Forest Ecology & Management
Y1  - 2004/06/14/
VL  - 194
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 82
SN  - 03781127
AB  - To gain understanding of patterns in forest structure and their causes, we mapped the distribution of three canopy cover classes and measured change in one of them over 40 years using aerial photographs for the 500 ha Neskowin Crest Research Natural Area (Lincoln and Tillamook Counties, Oregon). One class (fine texture, trees of uniform crown diameter and height) covered about half the area; it was identified as second growth originating after a large regional fire in 1845. The other major class (coarse texture, trees of variable crown diameter and height), occupying about 35% of the area, was unburned or partially burned in 1845. The third class (openings with down stems visible on the ground) was blowdown patches. The blowdown patches were very small in 1953; they grew incrementally, and by 1994 had coalesced into a large patch occupying about 15% of the area. A long-term windstorm susceptibility model developed for southeast Alaska identified the region where the blowdown patch occurred as being very susceptible to maritime windstorm disturbance. This correspondence between predicted susceptibility to damage and actual blowdown supports the hypothesis that windstorm effects may be strongly constrained by topography. The results also suggest that blowdown in storm-susceptible topographic settings can be the result of multiple windstorm events over time, rather than a single event. The resulting forest is a mosaic of large multi-aged chronic-disturbance patches embedded in a matrix structured by fine-scale patch processes. A consequence of a constraint on blowdown is that at the scale of hundreds of hectares biomass may not fluctuate strongly over time unless stand-destroying fires occur. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Forest Ecology & Management is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forest fires
KW  - Windfall (Forestry)
KW  - National parks & reserves
KW  - Aerial photographs
KW  - Blowdown
KW  - Disturbance
KW  - Stand development
KW  - Stand-structure
N1  - Accession Number: 13178108; Harcombe, P.A. 1; Email Address: harcomb@rice.edu; Greene, S.E. 2; Kramer, M.G. 3; Acker, S.A. 4; Spies, T.A. 2; Valentine, T. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005, USA; 2: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; 3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Olympic National Park, 600 East Park Avenue, Port Angeles, WA 98362, USA; Issue Info: Jun2004, Vol. 194 Issue 1-3, p71; Thesaurus Term: Forest fires; Thesaurus Term: Windfall (Forestry); Thesaurus Term: National parks & reserves; Subject Term: Aerial photographs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blowdown; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stand development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stand-structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.02.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Predicting climate change effects on vegetation, soil thermal dynamics, and carbon cycling in ecosystems of interior Alaska
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2004/06/15/
VL  - 175
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 03043800
AB  - A dynamic vegetation model has been used to predict patterns of recent past and potential future change in taiga forest ecosystems of interior Alaska. The model, called CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach), is a process-based ecosystem depiction of plant and soil processes, including all major cycles of water and carbon. CASA’s dynamic vegetation component is intended to facilitate coupling to general circulation models of the atmosphere, which require mechanistic fluxes and feedbacks from terrestrial vegetation. Simulation results for selected Alaska sites of Denali National Park suggest that the past 50-year climate trends of warming temperatures may shift the taiga ecosystem from dominance by evergreen needleleaf trees to a more mixed broadleaf–needleleaf tree composition. For other (higher elevation) areas of Denali, our model predicts that a difference of only about 3 °C in mean annual air temperatures appears to differentiate the permanent presence of tundra vegetation forms over taiga forest. The model predicts that over the 1950–1999 climate record at Denali station, the changing taiga ecosystems were net sinks for atmospheric CO2 of about 1.3 kg C m−2. During the warm 1990s, these forests were predicted to be net carbon sinks of more than 15 g C m−2 per year in 8 out of 10 years. Predicted NPP for the forest continues to increase with a projected warming trend for the next 25 years at a mean rate of about +1.2 g C m−2 per year. On the basis of these model results, a series of crucial field site measurements can be identified for inclusion in subsequent long-term ecological studies of the changing taiga forest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil dynamics
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Alaska
KW  - United States
KW  - Boreal forest
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Ecosystem modeling
KW  - Tundra
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 12897429; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@gaia.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jun2004, Vol. 175 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Soil dynamics; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject: Alaska; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boreal forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tundra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation dynamics; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.05.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Browntee, Donald E.
AU  - Horz, Friedrich
AU  - Newburn, Ray L.
AU  - Zolensky, Michael
AU  - Duxbury, Thomas C.
AU  - Sandford, Scott
AU  - Sekanina, Zdenek
AU  - Tsou, Peter
AU  - Hanner, Martha S.
AU  - Clark, Benton C.
AU  - Green, Simon F.
AU  - Kissel, Jochen
T1  - Surface of Young Jupiter Family Comet 81 P/Wild 2: Viewfrom the Stardust Spacecraft.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/06/18/
VL  - 304
IS  - 5678
M3  - Article
SP  - 1764
EP  - 1769
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Images taken by the Stardust mission during its flyby of 81P/Wild 2 show the comet to be a 5-kilometer oblate body covered with remarkable topographic features, including unusual circular features that appear to be impact craters. The presence of high-angle slopes shows that the surface is cohesive and self-supporting. The comet does not appear to be a rubble pile, and its rounded shape is not directly consistent with the comet being a fragment of a larger body. The surface is active and yet it retains ancient terrain. Wild 2 appears to be in the early stages of its degradation phase as a small volatile-rich body in the inner solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Comets
KW  - Rubble
KW  - Photographs
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Astronautics
N1  - Accession Number: 13581117; Browntee, Donald E. 1; Email Address: brownlee@astro.washington.edu; Horz, Friedrich 2; Newburn, Ray L. 3; Zolensky, Michael 2; Duxbury, Thomas C. 3; Sandford, Scott 4; Sekanina, Zdenek 2; Tsou, Peter 3; Hanner, Martha S. 5; Clark, Benton C. 6; Green, Simon F. 7; Kissel, Jochen 8; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA.; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; 5: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9291, USA.; 6: Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, CO, 80201, USA.; 7: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.; 8: Max-Planck-lnstitut für Aeronomie, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany.; Issue Info: 6/18/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5678, p1764; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Comets; Subject Term: Rubble; Subject Term: Photographs; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Astronautics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5093
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linteris, G.T.
AU  - Katta, V.R.
AU  - Takahashi, F.
T1  - Experimental and numerical evaluation of metallic compounds for suppressing cup-burner flames
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 138
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
EP  - 96
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The first tests of supereffective flame inhibitors blended with CO2 have been performed in methane–air laminar co-flow diffusion flames stabilized on a cup burner. The CO2 volume fraction required to extinguish the flames was determined for a range of added catalytic inhibitor volume fractions. When added at low volume fraction, the agents TMT, Fe(CO)5, and MMT were effective at reducing the volume of CO2 required to extinguish the flames, with performance relative to CF3Br of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. This performance advantage of the metallic compounds is less than that determined in premixed or counterflow diffusion flames. Further, as the volume fraction of each metallic catalytic inhibitor was increased, the effectiveness diminished rapidly. The greatly reduced marginal effectiveness is believed to be caused by loss of active gas-phase species to condensed-phase particles. Laser-scattering measurements in flames with Fe(CO)5/CO2 blends detected particles both inside and outside (but not coincident with) the visible flame location for measurement points above the stabilization region. For Fe(CO)5 addition to the air stream at 450 μL/L, the peak scattering cross section for vertically polarized light was 1660 times the value for room-temperature air. The first detailed numerical modeling studies were also performed for methane–air cup-burner flames with CO2 and Fe(CO)5 added to the oxidizer stream and are used to interpret the experimental results. The role of particles was also illustrated by the numerical results, which showed that significant levels of supersaturation exist in the flame for several of the important iron-containing intermediates. This particle formation is favored in the lower temperature stabilization region of the cup-burner flames, as compared to the higher relevant temperatures of previously described counterflow diffusion flames. The results of this study indicate that the appropriate flame configuration for evaluating the effectiveness of some fire suppression agents must be carefully considered, since in those cases, different flame configurations can switch the relative performance of an agent by an order of magnitude. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fire prevention
KW  - Flame
KW  - Fire testing
KW  - Nanoparticles
KW  - Cup burner
KW  - Diffusion flames
KW  - Fire suppression
KW  - Flame inhibition
KW  - Flame structure
KW  - Halon replacements
KW  - Organometallics
N1  - Accession Number: 13563721; Linteris, G.T. 1; Email Address: linteris@nist.gov; Katta, V.R. 2; Takahashi, F. 3; Affiliations: 1: Fire Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr. Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; 2: Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440-3638, USA; 3: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jul2004, Vol. 138 Issue 1/2, p78; Thesaurus Term: Fire prevention; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Fire testing; Subject Term: Nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cup burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halon replacements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organometallics; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herwitz, S.R.
AU  - Johnson, L.F.
AU  - Dunagan, S.E.
AU  - Higgins, R.G.
AU  - Sullivan, D.V.
AU  - Zheng, J.
AU  - Lobitz, B.M.
AU  - Leung, J.G.
AU  - Gallmeyer, B.A.
AU  - Aoyagi, M.
AU  - Slye, R.E.
AU  - Brass, J.A.
T1  - Imaging from an unmanned aerial vehicle: agricultural surveillance and decision support
JO  - Computers & Electronics in Agriculture
JF  - Computers & Electronics in Agriculture
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 61
SN  - 01681699
AB  - In September 2002, NASA’s solar-powered Pathfinder-Plus unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to conduct a proof-of-concept mission in US national airspace above the 1500 ha plantation of the Kauai Coffee Company in Hawaii. While in national airspace, the transponder-equipped UAV was supervised by regional air traffic controllers and treated like a conventionally piloted aircraft. High resolution color and multispectral imaging payloads, both drawing from the aircraft’s solar power system, were housed in exterior-mounted environmental pressure pods. A local area network (LAN) using unlicensed radio frequency was used for camera control and downlink of image data at rates exceeding 5 Mbit s-1. A wide area network (WAN) allowed a project investigator stationed on the US mainland to uplink control commands during part of the mission. Images were available for enhancing, printing, and interpretation within minutes of collection. The color images were useful for mapping invasive weed outbreaks and for revealing irrigation and fertilization anomalies. Multispectral imagery was related to mature fruit harvest from certain fields with significant fruit display on the tree canopy exterior. During 4 h “loitering” above the plantation, ground-based pilots were able to precisely navigate the UAV along pre-planned flightlines, and also perform spontaneous maneuvers under the direction of the project scientist for image collection in cloud-free zones. Despite the presence of ground-obscuring cumulus cloud cover of ca. 70% during the image collection period, the UAV’s maneuvering capability ultimately enabled collection of cloud-free imagery throughout most of the plantation. The mission demonstrated the capability of a slow-flying UAV, equipped with downsized imaging systems and line-of-sight telemetry, to monitor a localized agricultural region for an extended time period. The authors suggest that evolving long-duration (weeks to months) UAVs stand to make a valuable future contribution to regional agricultural resource monitoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Electronics in Agriculture is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Irrigation
KW  - Imaging systems
KW  - Local area networks (Computer networks)
KW  - Coffee
KW  - Fertigation
KW  - Local area network
KW  - Multispectral imaging
KW  - Pathfinder-Plus UAV
KW  - Ripeness monitoring
KW  - Unmanned aerial vehicle
KW  - Weed mapping
N1  - Accession Number: 13470040; Herwitz, S.R. 1,2; Email Address: sherwitz@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Johnson, L.F. 3,4; Dunagan, S.E. 4; Higgins, R.G. 2; Sullivan, D.V. 4; Zheng, J. 3,4; Lobitz, B.M. 3,4; Leung, J.G. 5; Gallmeyer, B.A. 5; Aoyagi, M. 5; Slye, R.E. 4; Brass, J.A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA; 2: UAV Applications Center, NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: Technology Development Branch, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jul2004, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p49; Thesaurus Term: Agriculture; Thesaurus Term: Irrigation; Subject Term: Imaging systems; Subject Term: Local area networks (Computer networks); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coffee; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fertigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Local area network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multispectral imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathfinder-Plus UAV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ripeness monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unmanned aerial vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weed mapping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compag.2004.02.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Theodore, Colin R.
AU  - Tischler, Mark B.
AU  - Colbourne, Jason D.
T1  - Rapid Frequency-Domain Modeling Methods for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Control Applications.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 735
EP  - 743
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Modeling of the flight dynamics of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) poses unique challenges that are not present with manned aircraft. The use of analytical modeling methods based on first principles is often difficult for UAVs because of short design cycles, reduced development costs, and many unconventional designs. Also, without the need to carry a pilot, UAVs are often much smaller and lighter than manned aircraft. The lower weights and inertias result in higher natural frequencies and quicker vehicle responses requiring high bandwidth dynamics models. Frequency-domain system identification is especially well suited to the modeling of UAVs. With the availability of flight hardware early in many UAV programs, dynamic response models of the vehicle can be identified and validated rapidly with flight data. The system identification method also allows for rapid updating of vehicle response models as physical changes are made to the vehicle configuration. The use of frequency-domain system identification in the development and operation of a number of UAV programs is discussed. The example aircraft programs include Northrop Grumman's Fire Scout vertical takeoff unmanned air vehicle demonstrator based on the Schweizer 300 helicopter; the broad-area unmanned responsive resupply operations UAV based on Kámán's twin-rotor K-MAX helicopter; AeroVironment's Pathfinder solar-powered stratospheric research aircraft; Yamaha's R-50 small-scale helicopter; and the class of small-scale ducted fan vehicles developed separately by Allied Aerospace (formerly Micro Craft) and Honeywell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - RESEARCH aircraft
N1  - Accession Number: 14321954; Source Information: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p735; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: RESEARCH aircraft; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chandrasekhara, M. S.
AU  - Martin, R. B.
AU  - Tung, C.
T1  - Compressible Dynamic Stall Control Using a Variable Droop Leading Edge Airfoil.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 862
EP  - 869
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The control of compressible dynamic stall using a variable droop leading edge airfoil is described. The leading 25% of a VR-12 airfoil is drooped as it executes sinusoidal pitch oscillations such that the leading portion of the airfoil is always at a low effective incidence to the flow. Airfoil performance data determined for freestream Mach numbers ranging from 0.2 to 0.4, at reduced frequencies from 0 to 0.1, and using unsteady pressure transducer measurements, show that droop reduces the tendency of the airfoil to enter the dynamic stall state. Even when it does, the strength of the dynamic stall vortex is significantly reduced, which is reflected in the 40 to 50% smaller negative peak pitching-moment values, with positive damping of the airfoil. Also, the airfoil drag when the droop is dynamically varied is reduced by up to 75% relative to a nondrooped airfoil, making a strong case for the use of this concept for dynamic stall control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14321967; Source Information: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p862; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Berger, Marsha J.
T1  - Simulations of Store Separation from an F/A-18 with a Cartesian Method.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 870
EP  - 878
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Coupled computational fluid dynamics with six-degree-of-freedom trajectory predictions using an automated Cartesian method are demonstrated by simulating a GBU-31/Joint Direct Attack Munition store separating from an F/A-18C aircraft. Numerical simulations are performed at two Mach numbers near the sonic speed and compared with flight-test telemetry and photographic-derived data. For both Mach numbers, simulation results using a sequential-static series of flow solutions are contrasted with results using a time-dependent approach. Both numerical approaches show good agreement with the flight-test data through the first 0.25 s of the trajectory. At later times the sequential-static and time-dependent methods diverge, after the store produces peak angular rates; however, both remain close to the flight-test trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 14321968; Source Information: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p870; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Marzocca, Piergiovanni
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Linear/Nonlinear Supersonic Panel Flutter in a High-Temperature Field.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 918
EP  - 924
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An analysis of the flutter and postflutter behavior of infinitely long flat panels in a supersonic/hypersonic flowfield exposed to a high-temperature field is presented. In the approach to the problem, the thermal degradation of thermoelastic characteristics of the material is considered. A third-order piston theory aerodynamic model in conjunction with the yon Kármán nonlinear plate theory is used to obtain the pertinent aerothermoelastic governing equations. The implications of temperature, thermal degradation, and of structural and aerodynamic nonlinearities on the character of the flutter instability boundary are analyzed. As a byproduct, the implications of the temperature on the linearized flutter instability of the system are discussed. The behavior of the structural system in the vicinity of the flutter boundary is studied via the use of an encompassing methodology based on the Lyapunov First Quantity. Numerical illustrations, supplying pertinent information on the implications of the temperature field and of the thermal degradation are presented, and pertinent conclusions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - TRANSITION temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 14321973; Source Information: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p918; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: TRANSITION temperature; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mukhopadhyay, V.
AU  - Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, J.
AU  - Kosaka, I.
AU  - Quinn, G.
AU  - Vanderplaats, G. N.
T1  - Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Noncylindrical Fuselage for Blended-Wing-Body Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 925
EP  - 930
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A study toward finding an efficient noncylindrical fuselage configuration for a conceptual blended-wing-body flight vehicle is presented. A simplified two-dimensional beam-column analysis and optimization was used to demonstrate the problem of containing cabin pressure in such flight vehicles. Then a set of detailed finite element models of deep sandwich panel and ribbed shell construction concepts were analyzed and optimized. Generally these constructions with high bending stiffness but without curvature were found to be structurally efficient to a certain extent to withstand internal pressure and resultant compressive loads simultaneously. To attain additional structural efficiency, a set of multibubble fuselage configurations was developed for balancing internal cabin pressure load efficiently, through membrane stress in inner-stiffened shell and intercabin walls. An outer-ribbed shell was designed to prevent buckling due to external resultant compressive loads. Initial results from finite element analysis of a representative fuselage segment, using this stress separation concept, appear to be promising. This concept has some additional advantages. Distortion of aerodynamic surface due to cabin pressure is minimal. Availability of duct space above and below the main fuselage can be used for direct ventilation; these also provide structural redundancy in the event of a pressure leak as well as for improved crashworthiness. These concepts should be developed further to exploit their inherent structural efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - AIR conditioning
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 14321974; Source Information: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p925; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: AIR conditioning; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karkehabadi, Reza
T1  - Thick Wings in Steady and Unsteady Flows.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 964
EP  - 967
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Presents a study that investigated the effects of thickness of transport plane wings on the aerodynamic lift and moment.  Analysis of the study; Results of the mathematical methods used in the study; Conclusions.
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14321984; Source Information: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p964; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 4p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Resistance exercise as a countermeasure to disuse-induced bone loss.
AU  - Shackelford, L.C.
AU  - LeBlanc, A.D.
AU  - Driscoll, T.B.
AU  - Evans, H.J.
AU  - Rianon, N.J.
AU  - Smith, S.M.
AU  - Spector, E.
AU  - Freback, D.L.
AU  - Lai, D.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 97
IS  - 1
SP  - 119
EP  - 129
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 13878618; Author: Shackelford, L.C.: 1 Author: LeBlanc, A.D.: 2,3 Author: Driscoll, T.B.: 2 Author: Evans, H.J.: 4 Author: Rianon, N.J.: 2 Author: Smith, S.M.: 1 Author: Spector, E.: 4 Author: Freback, D.L.: 1 Author: Lai, D.: 5 ; Author Affiliation: 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston: 2 Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston: 3 Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston: 4 Wyle Laboratories Life Sciences Systems and Services, Houston: 5 School of Public Health, University of Texas, Houston, Texas; No. of Pages: 11; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20040726
N2  - During spaceflight, skeletal unloading results in loss of bone mineral density (BMD). This occurs primarily in the spine and lower body regions. This loss of skeletal mass could prove hazardous to astronauts on flights of long duration. In this study, intense resistance exercise was used to test whether a training regimen would prevent the loss of BMD that accompanies disuse. Nine subjects (5 men, 4 women) participated in a supine maximal resistance exercise training program during 17 wk of horizontal bed rest. These subjects were compared with 18 control subjects (13 men, 5 women) who followed the same bed rest protocol without exercise. Determination of treatment effect was based on measures of BMD, bone metabolism markers, and calcium balance obtained before, during, and after bed rest. Exercisers and controls had significantly (P < 0.05) different means, represented by the respective following percent changes: lumbar spine BMD, +3% vs. -1%; total hip BMD, +1% vs. -3%; calcaneus BMD, +1% vs. -9%; pelvis BMD, -0.5% vs. -3%; total body BMD, 0% vs. -1%; bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, +64% vs. 0%; alkaline phosphatase, +31% vs. +5%; osteocalcin, +43% vs. +10%; 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, +12% vs. -15%; parathyroid hormone intact molecule, +18% vs. -25%; and serum and ionized calcium,-1% vs. +1%. The difference in net calcium balance was also significant (+21 mg/day vs.-199 mg/day, exercise vs. control). The gastrocnemius and soleus muscle volumes decreased significantly in the exercise group, but the loss was significantly less than observed in the control group. The results indicate that resistance exercise had a positive treatment effect and thus might be useful as a countermeasure to prevent the deleterious skeletal changes associated with long-duration spaceflight. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *ISOMETRIC exercise
KW  - *BONE
KW  - *MUSCLES
KW  - *BONE resorption
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - BED rest
KW  - bed rest
KW  - bone resorption
KW  - microgravity
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryant, Robert G.
AU  - Effinger, Robert T.
AU  - Aranda, Isaiah
AU  - Copeland, Ben M.
AU  - Covington, Ed W.
AU  - Hogge, Jane M.
T1  - Radial Field Piezoelectric Diaphragms.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 527
EP  - 538
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - A series of active piezoelectric diaphragms were fabricated and patterned with several geometrically defined Inter-Circulating Electrodes "ICE" and Interdigitated Ring Electrodes "IRE". When a voltage potential is applied to the electrodes, the result is a radially distributed electric field that mechanically strains the piezo-ceramic along the Z-axis (perpendicular to the applied electric field). Unlike piezoelectric bender actuators, the Radial Field Diaphragm (RFD) strains concentrically yet affords high displacements without any appreciable XY-strain beyond its perimeter, as both the radial and tangential strain field approach zero at the boundary independent of actuator movement. The result is a Z-axis deflection that has a conical profile. This article covers the fabrication and characterization of these RFDs as a function of poling field strength, ceramic thickness and geometry, electrode type, line spacing, surface topography, the resulting localized strain field and displacement as a function of applied voltage at low frequencies. The unique features of these RFDs are the ability to be clamped about their perimeter with little or no change in displacement, the environmentally insulated packaging and a highly repeatable fabrication process that uses commodity materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - DIAPHRAGMS (Mechanical devices)
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - active materials
KW  - NASA RFD
KW  - piezoelectric actuators
KW  - piezoelectric diaphragms
KW  - radial field diaphragms
N1  - Accession Number: 14080983; Bryant, Robert G. 1; Email Address: Robert.G.Bryaint@inasa.gov; Effinger, Robert T. 2; Aranda, Isaiah 3; Copeland, Ben M. 1; Covington, Ed W. 1; Hogge, Jane M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; 2: Texas A&M, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College Station, TX 77840, USA.; 3: Texas A&M, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA.; Issue Info: Jul2004, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p527; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: DIAPHRAGMS (Mechanical devices); Subject Term: MECHANICAL engineering; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: active materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA RFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric diaphragms; Author-Supplied Keyword: radial field diaphragms; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X04041646
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anning Cheng
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Golaz, Jean-Christophe
T1  - The Liquid Water Oscillation in Modeling Boundary Layer Cumuli with Third-Order Turbulence Closure Models.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2004/07//7/1/2004
VL  - 61
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1621
EP  - 1629
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - A hierarchy of third-order turbulence closure models are used to simulate boundary layer cumuli in this study. An unrealistically strong liquid water oscillation (LWO) is found in the fully prognostic model, which predicts all third moments. The LWO propagates from cloud base to cloud top with a speed of 1 m s-1. The period of the oscillation is about 1000 s. Liquid water buoyancy (LWB) terms in the third-moment equations contribute to the LWO. The LWO mainly affects the vertical profiles of cloud fraction, mean liquid water mixing ratio, and the fluxes of liquid water potential temperature and total water, but has less impact on the vertical profiles of other second and third moments. In order to minimize the LWO, a moderately large diffusion coefficient and a large turbulent dissipation at its originating level are needed. However, this approach distorts the vertical distributions of cloud fraction and liquid water mixing ratio. A better approach is to parameterize LWB more reasonably. A minimally prognostic model, which diagnoses all third moments except for the vertical velocity, is shown to produce better results, compared to a fully prognostic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric turbulence
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Water
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 13621557; Anning Cheng 1; Email Address: a.cheng@larc.nasa.gov; Kuan-Man Xu 2; Golaz, Jean-Christophe 3; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, and Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: National Research Council, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California; Issue Info: 7/1/2004, Vol. 61 Issue 13, p1621; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric turbulence; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Water; Subject Term: Turbulence; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiriaco, M.
AU  - Chepfer, H.
AU  - Noel, V.
AU  - Delaval, A.
AU  - Haeffelin, M.
AU  - Dubuisson, P.
AU  - Yang, P.
T1  - Improving Retrievals of Cirrus Cloud Particle Size Coupling Lidar and Three-Channel Radiometric Techniques.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 132
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1684
EP  - 1700
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - This study is intended to illustrate the potential advantage of combining lidar measurements and the split-window technique based on the infrared spectral information contained at the 8.65-, 11.15-, and 12.05-μm bands for inferring the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds. The lidar returns are employed to detect cirrus clouds. The optical properties of nonspherical ice crystals computed from the state-of-the-art scattering computational methods are used for the present forward radiative transfer simulation that fully accounts for both gaseous absorption and multiple scattering processes in the atmosphere. A combination of the radiances at the three infrared (IR) bands with lidar backscatter returns cannot uniquely specify the effective size of ice crystals because of its dependence on the particle aspect ratios. To avoid the shortcoming associated with a potential multivalued retrieval, lidar depolarization observation is used to constrain the specification of the particle aspect ratio in the retrieval implementation based on a precalculated lookup library. The present methodology for inferring the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds is implemented for nine cases by using the measurements from a 532-nm lidar located at the Palaiseau, France, ground-based site and the infrared spectral bands from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra platform. It is shown that the three IR wavelengths are quite complementary in constraining the retrieval of the particle size, leading to a significant advance in comparison with two-channel techniques, whereas the aspect ratio constraint due to lidar depolarization reduces the uncertainty of retrieved particle size by more than 20% for 70% of the cases and more than 65% for 40% of the cloud cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Optical radar
N1  - Accession Number: 13719559; Chiriaco, M. 1; Email Address: chiriaco@lmd.polytechnique.fr; Chepfer, H. 1; Noel, V. 2; Delaval, A. 3; Haeffelin, M. 3; Dubuisson, P. 4; Yang, P. 5; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de M&eacutégie Dynamique, IPSL, Palaiseau, France; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, Palaiseau, France; 4: Elico, Wimereux, France; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Issue Info: Jul2004, Vol. 132 Issue 7, p1684; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Optical radar; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bugos, Glenn E.
T1  - Chasing the Silver Bullet: U.S. Air Force Weapons Development From Vietnam to Desert Storm.
JO  - Technology & Culture
JF  - Technology & Culture
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 630
EP  - 631
SN  - 0040165X
AB  - Reviewed: Chasing the Silver Bullet: U.S. Air Force Weapons Development from Vietnam to Desert Storm. Werrell, Kenneth P.
KW  - AIR forces
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - WEAPONS
KW  - VIETNAM War, 1961-1975
KW  - PERSIAN Gulf War, 1991
KW  - ECONOMIC development
KW  - Werrell, Kenneth P.
KW  - WERRELL, Kenneth P.
KW  - CHASING the Silver Bullet: US Air Force Weapons Development From Vietnam to Desert Storm (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 16099400; Bugos, Glenn E. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Principal historian, Prologue Group and with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California;  Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p630; Note: Publication Information: Washington: Smithsonian Books, 2003. 346 pp.; Historical Period: 1960 to 1991; Subject Term: AIR forces; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Subject Term: WEAPONS; Subject Term: VIETNAM War, 1961-1975; Subject Term: PERSIAN Gulf War, 1991; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DB  - ahl
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moran, Thomas G.
AU  - Davila, Joseph M.
T1  - Three-Dimensional Polarimetric Imaging of Coronal MassEjections.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/07/02/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5680
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 70
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We present three-dimensional reconstructions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which were obtained through polarization analysis of single-view images recorded with the use of the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 coronagraph on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Analysis of a loop-like CME shows a complex three-dimensional structure centered at 40° from the plane of the sky, moving radially at 250 kilometers/second. Reconstruction of two halo CMEs suggests that these events are expanding loop arcades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar activity
KW  - Coronal mass ejections
KW  - Coronagraphs
KW  - Imaging systems
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Solar cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 13737773; Moran, Thomas G. 1,2; Email Address: moran@morpheus.nascom.nasa.gov; Davila, Joseph M. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Coddard Space Flight Center, Code 682.3, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA.; 2: Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.; Issue Info: 7/2/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5680, p66; Thesaurus Term: Solar activity; Subject Term: Coronal mass ejections; Subject Term: Coronagraphs; Subject Term: Imaging systems; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Solar cycle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4225
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heung S. Kim
AU  - Anindya Ghoshal
AU  - Aditi Chattopadhyay
AU  - William H. Prosser
T1  - Development of Embedded Sensor Models in Composite Laminates for Structural Health Monitoring.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2004/07/15/
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1207
EP  - 1240
AB  - A framework is developed to study the transient analysis of composite laminated plates with embedded discrete and continuous sensors in the presence of delaminations. The computational modeling involves development of a finite element scheme using an improved layerwise laminate theory to model laminates of arbitrary thickness. Parametric studies are conducted using laminated plates with both embedded sensors and continuous sensor architecture. The response of the plates under both low-frequency vibration and high-frequency acoustic emission are investigated. The effects on plate displacement and sensor outputs due to delaminations are studied. The scattering of the acoustic emission caused by the presence of delaminations is also investigated. It is expected that the developed model would be a useful tool in simulation studies aimed at characterizing the presence of delaminations in composite laminated structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - PLATE
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
N1  - Accession Number: 14640236; Heung S. Kim 1; Anindya Ghoshal 2; Aditi Chattopadhyay 3; William H. Prosser 4; Source Information: 2004, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p1207; Subject: LAMINATED materials; Subject: PLATE; Subject: PLATES (Engineering); Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: ACOUSTIC emission; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Leiser, Daniel B.1
T1  - SHUTTLE THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
J1  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
PY  - 2004/08//
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 83
IS  - 8
CP  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 47
SN  - 00027812
AB  - Presents the NICE Arthur L. Friedberg Memorial Lecture on space shuttle thermal protection system delivered by research scientist Daniel Leiser during the 106th American Ceramic Society Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana.
KW  - Space shuttles -- Thermodynamics
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Lectures & lecturing
KW  - Conferences & conventions
KW  - Leiser, Daniel
KW  - Indiana
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 14040264; Authors: Leiser, Daniel B. 1; Affiliations:  1: research scientist, Thermal Protection Materials & Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; Subject: Leiser, Daniel; Subject: Space shuttles -- Thermodynamics; Subject: Thermodynamics; Subject: Lectures & lecturing; Subject: Conferences & conventions; Subject: Indiana; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whittle, J.
AU  - Araújo, J.
T1  - Scenario modelling with aspects.
JO  - IEE Proceedings -- Software
JF  - IEE Proceedings -- Software
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 151
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 171
SN  - 14625970
AB  - There has been significant recent interest, within the aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) community, in representing crosscutting concerns at various stages of the software lifecycle. However, most of these efforts have concentrated on the design and implementation phases. The focus of this paper is on representing aspects during requirements modelling. In particular, the issue of how to model aspects as part of scenario-based modelling is addressed. The use of scenarios is common in requirements development and analysis. The authors describe how to represent and compose aspects at the scenario level. Aspectual scenarios are modelled as interaction pattern specifications (IPSs) and are composed with nonaspectual scenarios using instantiation and special composition operators. The composed collection of scenarios can then be translated automatically into a set of state machines using an existing state machine synthesis algorithm. The resulting set of state machines is an executable form of the scenarios and can be used for simulation and analysis of the requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEE Proceedings -- Software is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - SOFTWARE architecture
N1  - Accession Number: 14590942; Whittle, J. 1; Araújo, J. 2; Affiliations: 1: QSS Group Inc/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Departamento de Informática, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Issue Info: Aug2004, Vol. 151 Issue 4, p157; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER software development; Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Thesaurus Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: SOFTWARE architecture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/ip-sen:20040921
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singer, Bart A.
AU  - Guo, Yueping
T1  - Development of Computational Aeroacoustics Tools for Airframe Noise Calculations.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 455
EP  - 469
SN  - 10618562
AB  - This paper discusses the development of computational aeroacoustics (CAA) tools for airframe noise analysis and prediction. We review recent progress in this topic, but emphasize our vision for the future development of such tools. Our intention is for this vision to drive future CAA research in directions that will accelerate widespread use of CAA for airframe noise applications. We discuss the needs for accuracy, efficiency, and easy interface with other design tools and illustrate how CAA tools may help future aircraft design. We explain what appears to be achievable in a 20-year time frame, and what goals will probably take longer. Important barrier issues include the effects of numerical dispersion and dissipation, the treatment of highly curved, irregular boundary surfaces, and grid generation. Beyond these largely numerical issues, we discuss the role of physics-based modeling, including turbulence modeling in unsteady flow computations and the importance of developing sophisticated techniques for analyzing results of computations. Numerical simulations combined with the acoustic analogy methodology to predict noise are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss how to use recent advances in measurement techniques for CAA tool validation, which is an integral part of future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Airframes
KW  - Noise -- Measurement
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - Analogy
KW  - Turbulence
KW  - Airframe noise
KW  - Community noise
KW  - Computational aeroacoustics
KW  - Noise propagation
KW  - Wave dispersion and dissipation
N1  - Accession Number: 13460919; Singer, Bart A. 1; Email Address: bart.a.singer@nasa.gov; Guo, Yueping 2; Email Address: yueping.guo@boeing.com; Affiliations: 1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, 18e West Taylor Street, Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; 2: The Boeing Company, Mail Code H013-B308, 5301 Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA.; Issue Info: Aug2004, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p455; Subject Term: Airframes; Subject Term: Noise -- Measurement; Subject Term: Methodology; Subject Term: Aerodynamics; Subject Term: Analogy; Subject Term: Turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airframe noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wave dispersion and dissipation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560410001673470
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Envia, Edmane
AU  - Wilson, Alexander G.
AU  - Huff, Dennis L.
T1  - Fan Noise: A Challenge to CAA.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 471
EP  - 480
SN  - 10618562
AB  - The objective of this paper is to expose the computational aeroacoustics (CAA) community to the current unresolved issues in modeling and predicting fan noise. The paper includes a description of the sources of fan noise and a discussion of the current status of the fan noise prediction methods and their shortcomings. The discussion is focused on the issues and includes sufficient details to help outline the scope of the fan noise problem and define the level of fidelity required for meaningful CAA simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Noise control
KW  - Environmental engineering
KW  - Fans (Machinery)
KW  - Acoustical engineering
KW  - Aerodynamic noise
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - Broadband noise
KW  - Computational aeroacoustics
KW  - Fan noise
KW  - Multiple pure tones
KW  - Rotor-stator interaction noise
KW  - Self-noise
N1  - Accession Number: 13460924; Envia, Edmane 1; Email Address: edmane.envia-1@nasa.gov; Wilson, Alexander G. 2; Email Address: alexander.g.wilson@rolls-royce.com; Huff, Dennis L. 3; Email Address: dennis.l.huff@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Acoustics Branch, Mail Stop 54-3, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; 2: Mailcode SinA-76, P.O. Box 31, Rolls-Royce plc, Derby DE24 8BJ, UK.; 3: Structures and Acoustics Division, Mail Stop 49-6, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Issue Info: Aug2004, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p471; Thesaurus Term: Noise control; Thesaurus Term: Environmental engineering; Subject Term: Fans (Machinery); Subject Term: Acoustical engineering; Subject Term: Aerodynamic noise; Subject Term: Aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadband noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fan noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple pure tones; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotor-stator interaction noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-noise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560410001673489
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nasiri, Shaima L.
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
T1  - Daytime Multilayered Cloud Detection Using Multispectral Imager Data.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 21
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1145
EP  - 1155
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - This study reports on recent progress toward the daytime detection of multilayered clouds in satellite multispectral data, specifically for the case of optically thin cirrus overlying lower-level water clouds. The technique is applied to 200 × 200 pixel arrays of data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and is primarily based on the relationship between the near-infrared reflectance (at either 1.6 or 2.1 μm) and the 11-μm brightness temperature. Additional information used by the algorithm includes the operational MODIS cloud mask and cloud thermodynamic phase as inferred from the 8.5- and 11-μm brightness temperatures. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated for two MODIS case studies, and results are compared to coincident cloud physics lidar (CPL) data obtained from an aircraft platform. In both cases, the multilayered cloud detection algorithm results appear reasonable in comparison with the CPL data. The first case study, from 11 December 2002 during the Terra–Aqua Experiment (TX-2002), also examines the behavior of the algorithm when midlevel or mixed-phase cloud is present. The second case study, from 26 February 2003 during The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) campaign, sheds light on the sensitivity of the algorithm to optically thin cirrus. In this case, the algorithm does not detect cirrus with a visible (0.564 μm) optical thickness of less than 0.1 when it overlies a lower-level water cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Reflectance
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 14084023; Nasiri, Shaima L. 1; Email Address: shaima@ssec.wisc.edu; Baum, Bryan A. 2; Affiliations: 1: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Issue Info: Aug2004, Vol. 21 Issue 8, p1145; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Subject Term: Reflectance; Subject Term: Algorithms; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 106567711
T1  - Airline chair-rest deconditioning: induction of immobilisation thromboemboli?
AU  - Greenleaf JE
AU  - Rehrer NJ
AU  - Mohler SR
AU  - Quach DT
AU  - Evans DG
Y1  - 2004/08//
N1  - Accession Number: 106567711. Language: English. Entry Date: 20050128. Revision Date: 20150820. Publication Type: Journal Article; equations & formulas; review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Australia & New Zealand; Peer Reviewed. NLM UID: 8412297. 
KW  - Air Travel
KW  - Thromboembolism -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Venous Thrombosis -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Travel Health
KW  - Venous Thrombosis -- Epidemiology
KW  - Thromboembolism -- Epidemiology
KW  - Pulmonary Embolism -- Epidemiology
KW  - Sleep
KW  - Interior Design and Furnishings
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Environment, Controlled
KW  - Deconditioning
KW  - Male
KW  - Female
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged, 80 and Over
KW  - Compression Garments
KW  - Altitude
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Fluid-Electrolyte Balance
KW  - Hormones -- Blood
KW  - Therapeutic Exercise
KW  - Edema
KW  - Posture
KW  - Sitting
KW  - Anoxia
KW  - Blood Coagulation
KW  - Thrombosis
KW  - Exercise -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Life Style, Sedentary
KW  - Body Weights and Measures
SP  - 705
EP  - 725
JO  - Sports Medicine
JF  - Sports Medicine
JA  - SPORTS MED
VL  - 34
IS  - 11
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
AB  - Air passenger miles will likely double by year 2020. The altered and restrictive environment in an airliner cabin can influence haematological homeostasis in passengers and crew. Flight-related deep venous thromboemboli (DVT) have been associated with at least 577 deaths on 42 of 120 airlines from 1977 to 1984 (25 deaths/million departures), whereas many such cases go unreported. However, there are four major factors that could influence formation of possible flight-induced DVT: sleeping accommodations (via sitting immobilisation); travellers' medical history (via tissue injury); cabin environmental factors (via lower partial pressure of oxygen and lower relative humidity); and the more encompassing chair-rest deconditioning (C-RD) syndrome. There is ample evidence that recent injury and surgery (especially in deconditioned hospitalised patients) facilitate thrombophlebitis and formation of DVT that may be exacerbated by the immobilisation of prolonged air travel.In the healthy flying population, immobilisation factors associated with prolonged (>5 hours) C-RD such as total body dehydration, hypovolaemia and increased blood viscosity, and reduced venous blood flow (pooling) in the legs may facilitate formation of DVT. However, data from at least four case-controlled epidemiological studies did not confirm a direct causative relationship between air travel and DVT, but factors such as a history of vascular thromboemboli, venous insufficiency, chronic heart failure, obesity, immobile standing position, more than three pregnancies, infectious disease, long-distance travel, muscular trauma and violent physical effort were significantly more frequent in DVT patients than in controls. Thus, there is no clear, direct evidence yet that prolonged sitting in airliner seats, or prolonged experimental chair-rest or bed-rest deconditioning treatments cause DVT in healthy people.
SN  - 0112-1642
AD  - Laboratory for Human Environmental Physiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
U2  - PMID: 15456346.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Airline Chair-Rest Deconditioning: Induction of Immobilisation Thromboemboli?
AU  - Greenleaf, John E.
AU  - Rehrer, NancyJ.
AU  - Mohler, Stanley R.
AU  - Quach, David T.
AU  - Evans, David G.
JO  - Sports Medicine
JF  - Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 34
IS  - 11
SP  - 705
EP  - 725
SN  - 01121642
N1  - Accession Number: 14578905; Author: Greenleaf, John E.: 1 Author: Rehrer, NancyJ.: 2 Author: Mohler, Stanley R.: 3 Author: Quach, David T.: 1 Author: Evans, David G.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Laboratory for Human Environmental Physiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA: 2 School of Physical Education, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand: 3 Department of Community Health, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; No. of Pages: 21; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20041004
N2  - Air passenger miles will likely double by year 2020. The altered and restrictive environment in an airliner cabin can influence haematological homeostasis in passengers and crew. Flight-related deep venous thromboemboli (DVT) have been associated with at least 577 deaths on 42 of 120 airlines from 1977 to 1984 (25 deaths/million departures), whereas many such cases go unreported. However, there are four major factors that could influence formation of possible flight-induced DVT: sleeping accommodations (via sitting immobilisation); travellers’ medical history (via tissue injury); cabin environmental factors (via lower partial pressure of oxygen and lower relative humidity); and the more encompassing chair-rest deconditioning (C-RD) syndrome. There is ample evidence that recent injury and surgery (especially in deconditioned hospitalised patients) facilitate thrombophlebitis and formation of DVT that may be exacerbated by the immobilisation of prolonged air travel. In the healthy flying population, immobilisation factors associated with prolonged (>5 hours) C-RD such as total body dehydration, hypovolaemia and increased blood viscosity, and reduced venous blood flow (pooling) in the legs may facilitate formation of DVT. However, data from at least four case-controlled epidemiological studies did not confirm a direct causative relationship between air travel and DVT, but factors such as a history of vascular thromboemboli, venous insufficiency, chronic heart failure, obesity, immobile standing position, more than three pregnancies, infectious disease, long-distance travel, muscular trauma and violent physical effort were significantly more frequent in DVT patients than in controls. Thus, there is no clear, direct evidence yet that prolonged sitting in airliner seats, or prolonged experimental chair-rest or bed-rest deconditioning treatments cause DVT in healthy people. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *HOMEOSTASIS
KW  - *THROMBOSIS
KW  - *HEMATOLOGY
KW  - THROMBOEMBOLISM
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schunn, Christian D.
AU  - Vera, Alonso H.
T1  - Cross-cultural similarities in category structure.
JO  - Thinking & Reasoning
JF  - Thinking & Reasoning
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 287
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 13546783
AB  - Categories, as mental structures, are more than simply sums of property frequencies. A number of recent studies have supported the view that the properties of categories may be organised along functional lines and possibly dependency structures more generally. The study presented here investigates whether earlier findings reflect something unique in the English language/North American culture or whether the functional structuring of categories is a more universal phenomenon. A population of English-speaking Americans was compared to a population of Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong Chinese. The findings clearly support the view that functional influences on category centrality are universal (or at least common to Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong Chinese and English-speaking Americans), albeit with specific cross-cultural/cross-linguistic group differences in the particular properties that are considered central to categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Thinking & Reasoning is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CROSS-cultural orientation
KW  - REASONING (Psychology)
KW  - THOUGHT & thinking
KW  - LINGUISTICS
KW  - PSYCHOANALYSIS & culture
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 13713800; Schunn, Christian D. 1; Email Address: schunn@pitt.edu; Vera, Alonso H. 2; Affiliations: 1: University of Pittsburgh, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Aug2004, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p273; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CROSS-cultural orientation; Subject Term: REASONING (Psychology); Subject Term: THOUGHT & thinking; Subject Term: LINGUISTICS; Subject Term: PSYCHOANALYSIS & culture; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13546780442000097
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrinc Jr., Frank
T1  - Anomaly Analysis.
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
Y1  - 2004/08/02/
VL  - 161
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 53
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Engineering and Safety Center, set up in the wake of the Columbia accident to backstop engineers in the space shuttle program, is reviewing "hundreds" of recurring anomalies that the program had determined don't affect flight safety to see if in fact they might. Teams from each discipline, plus separate teams to handle statistics and human-factors issues, will "mine" the anomaly data generated over the life of the shuttle fleet, identify problem areas and make recommendations to fix them where necessary. In addition to the anomaly analysis, engineers assigned to the center are making independent technical assessments of a number of other shuttle issues, including microcracks in the gears that drive the orbiter's rudder speed brake actuators and in the flowliners that guide cryogenic propellant to the main engines.
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 14083530; Morrinc Jr., Frank 1; Affiliations: 1: LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER, VA.; Issue Info: 8/2/2004, Vol. 161 Issue 5, p53; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 914
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Brückner, J.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Carr, M. H.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Grumpier, L.
AU  - Marais, D. J. Des
AU  - d'Uston, C.
AU  - Economou, T.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Farrand, W.
AU  - Folkner, W.
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Gorevan, S.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
T1  - The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at GusevCrater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 794
EP  - 798
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. Many rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sedimentation & deposition
KW  - Physical geology
KW  - Petrology
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Interplanetary voyages
KW  - Space flight to Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 14155295; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu; Arvidson, R. E. 2; Bell III, J. F. 1; Brückner, J. 3; Cabrol, N. A. 4; Calvin, W. 5; Carr, M. H. 6; Christensen, P. R. 7; Clark, B. C. 8; Grumpier, L. 9; Marais, D. J. Des 10; d'Uston, C. 11; Economou, T. 12; Farmer, J. 7; Farrand, W. 13; Folkner, W. 14; Golombek, M. 14; Gorevan, S. 15; Grant, J. A. 16; Greeley, R. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; 3: Abteilung Kosmochemie, MaxPlanck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.; 4: NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.; 7: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; 8: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA.; 9: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA.; 10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 11: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.; 12: Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.; 13: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.; 14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 15: Honeybee Robotics, New York, NY 10012, USA.; 16: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.; Issue Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p794; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentation & deposition; Thesaurus Term: Physical geology; Thesaurus Term: Petrology; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Interplanetary voyages; Subject Term: Space flight to Mars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5815
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Arneson, H. M.
AU  - Bass, D.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Cabrol, N.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Farrand, W. H.
AU  - Goetz, W.
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Guinness, E.
AU  - Hayes, A. G.
AU  - Hubbard, M. Y. H.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, M. J.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
T1  - Pancam Multispectral Imaging Results from the Spirit Roverat Gusev Crater.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 800
EP  - 806
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Panoramic Camera images at Gusev crater reveal a rock-strewn surface interspersed with high- to moderate-albedo fine-grained deposits occurring in part as drifts or in small circular swales or hollows. Optically thick coatings of fine-grained ferric iron-rich dust dominate most bright soil and rock surfaces. Spectra of some darker rock surfaces and rock regions exposed by brushing or grinding show near-infrared spectral signatures consistent with the presence of mafic silicates such as pyroxene or olivine. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission, and astronomical observations captured solar transits by the martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, as well as a view of Earth from the martian surface. . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Interplanetary voyages
KW  - Space flight to Mars
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Surfaces (Geometry)
KW  - Rocks
N1  - Accession Number: 14155296; Bell III, J. F. 1; Email Address: jfb8@cornell.edu; Squyres, S. W. 1; Arvidson, R. E. 2; Arneson, H. M. 1; Bass, D. 3; Blaney, D. 3; Cabrol, N. 4; Calvin, W. 5; Farmer, J. 6; Farrand, W. H. 7; Goetz, W. 8; Golombek, M. 3; Grant, J. A. 9; Greeley, R. 6; Guinness, E. 2; Hayes, A. G. 1; Hubbard, M. Y. H. 1; Herkenhoff, K. E. 10; Johnson, M. J. 1; Johnson, J. R. 10; Affiliations: 1: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA.; 2: Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center-Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 5: University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89501, USA.; 6: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; 7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.; 8: University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.; 9: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560, USA.; 10: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.; Issue Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p800; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Interplanetary voyages; Subject Term: Space flight to Mars; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Surfaces (Geometry); Subject Term: Rocks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4755
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Arvidson, R.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Carr, M. H.
AU  - Christensen, P.
AU  - Crumpier, L.
AU  - Marais, D. J. Des
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Grant, F. D.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - McSween, H. Y.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Moersch, J.
AU  - Rice Jr.,, J. W.
AU  - Ruff, S.
T1  - Surficial Deposits at Gusev Crater Along Spirit RoverTraverses.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 807
EP  - 810
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has traversed a fairly flat, rock-strewn terrain whose surface is shaped primarily by impact events, although some of the landscape has been altered by eolian processes. Impacts ejected basaltic rocks that probably were part of locally formed lava flows from at least 10 meters depth. Some rocks have been textured and/or partially buried by windblown sediments less than 2 millimeters in diameter that concentrate within shallow, partially filled, circular impact depressions referred to as hollows. The terrain traversed during the 90-sol (martian solar day) nominal mission shows no evidence for an ancient lake in Gusev crater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sediments (Geology)
KW  - Sedimentation & deposition
KW  - Physical geography
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Space flight to Mars
KW  - Interplanetary voyages
N1  - Accession Number: 14155297; Grant, J. A. 1; Email Address: grantj@nasm.si.edu; Arvidson, R. 2; Bell III, J. F. 3; Cabrol, N. A. 4; Carr, M. H. 5; Christensen, P. 6; Crumpier, L. 7; Marais, D. J. Des 8; Ehlmann, B. L. 2; Farmer, J. 6; Golombek, M. 9; Grant, F. D. 6; Greeley, R. 6; Herkenhoff, K. 10; Li, R. 11; McSween, H. Y. 12; Ming, D. W. 13; Moersch, J. 12; Rice Jr.,, J. W. 6; Ruff, S. 6; Affiliations: 1: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; 3: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 148S3, USA.; 4: NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 5: U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.; 6: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; 7: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA.; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 10: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.; 11: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.; 12: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 379%, USA.; 13: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; Issue Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p807; Thesaurus Term: Sediments (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Sedimentation & deposition; Thesaurus Term: Physical geography; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Space flight to Mars; Subject Term: Interplanetary voyages; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2812
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bartlett, P.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Farrand, B.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Gorevan, S. P.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Haldemann, A. F. C.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, J.
AU  - Landis, G.
AU  - Madsen, M. B.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Moersch, J.
AU  - Rice Jr., J. W.
T1  - Wind-Related Processes Detected by the Spirit Rover atGusev Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 810
EP  - 821
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Wind-abraded rocks, ripples, drifts, and other deposits of windblown sediments are seen at the Columbia Memorial Station where the Spirit rover landed. Orientations of these features suggest formative winds from the north-northwest, consistent with predictions from atmospheric models of afternoon winds in Gusev Crater. Cuttings from the rover Rock Abrasion Tool are asymmetrically distributed toward the south-southeast, suggesting active winds from the north-northwest at the time (midday) of the abrasion operations. Characteristics of some rocks, such as a two-toned appearance, suggest that they were possibly buried and exhumed on the order of 5 to 60 centimeters by wind deflation, depending on location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sediments (Geology)
KW  - Physical geography
KW  - Sedimentation & deposition
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Space flight to Mars
KW  - Rocks
N1  - Accession Number: 14155298; Greeley, R. 1; Email Address: Greeley@asu.edu; Squyres, S. W. 2; Arvidson, R. E. 3; Bartlett, P. 4; Bell III, J. F. 2; Blaney, D. 5; Cabrol, N. A. 6; Farmer, J. 1; Farrand, B. 7; Golombek, M. P. 5; Gorevan, S. P. 4; Grant, J. A. 8; Haldemann, A. F. C. 5; Herkenhoff, K. E. 9; Johnson, J. 9; Landis, G. 5; Madsen, M. B. 10; McLennan, S. M. 11; Moersch, J. 12; Rice Jr., J. W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA.; 2: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 428 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 15853-1301, USA.; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63031-4899, USA.; 4: Honeybee Robotics, 204 Elizabeth Street, New York, NY 10012, USA.; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA.; 6: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; 7: Space Science Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.; 8: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0315, USA.; 9: U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1698, USA.; 10: Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics, and Geophysics, Center for Planetary Science and Ørsted Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.; 11: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA.; 12: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Room 306, Knoxville, TN 379%, USA.; Issue Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p810; Thesaurus Term: Sediments (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Physical geography; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentation & deposition; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Space flight to Mars; Subject Term: Rocks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 15 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3851
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Anderson, R. C.
AU  - Bartlett, P.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Chu, P.
AU  - Grumpler, L
AU  - Davis, K.
AU  - L.Ehlmann, B.
AU  - Fergason, R.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Gorevan, S.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Guinness, E. A.
AU  - Haldemann, A. F. C.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K.
AU  - Johnson, J.
AU  - Landis, G.
T1  - Localization and Physical Properties Experiments Conductedby Spirit at Gusev Crater.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 824
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The precise location and relative elevation of Spirit during its traverses from the Columbia Memorial station to Bonneville crater were determined with bundleadjusted retrievals from rover wheel turns, suspension and tilt angles, and overlapping images. Physical properties experiments show a decrease of 0.2% per Mars solar day in solar cell output resulting from deposition of airborne dust, cohesive soil-like deposits in plains and hollows, bright and dark rock coatings, and relatively weak volcanic rocks of basaltic composition. Volcanic, impact, aeolian, and water-related processes produced the encountered landforms and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Direct energy conversion
KW  - Photovoltaic cells
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Space flight to Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 14155299; Arvidson, R. E. 1; Anderson, R. C. 2; Bartlett, P. 3; Bell III, J. F. 4; Blaney, D. 2; Christensen, P. R. 5; Chu, P. 3; Grumpler, L 6; Davis, K. 3; L.Ehlmann, B. 1; Fergason, R. 5; Golombek, M. P. 2; Gorevan, S. 3; Grant, J. A. 7; Greeley, R. 5; Guinness, E. A. 1; Haldemann, A. F. C. 2; Herkenhoff, K. 8; Johnson, J. 8; Landis, G. 9; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 3: Honeybee Robotics, 204 Elizabeth Street, New York, NY 10012, USA.; 4: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; 6: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA.; 7: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.; 8: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.; 9: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Issue Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p821; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Direct energy conversion; Thesaurus Term: Photovoltaic cells; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Space flight to Mars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2691
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R.
AU  - Bass, D. S.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Bertelsen, P.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Gaddis, L.
AU  - Hayes, A. G.
AU  - Hviid, S. F.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
AU  - Kinch, K. M.
AU  - Madsen, M. B.
AU  - Maki, J. N.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - McSween, H. Y.
AU  - Rice Jr., J. W.
AU  - Sims, M.
AU  - Smith., P. H.
AU  - Soderblom, L. A.
T1  - Textures of the Soils and Rocks at Gusev Crater fromSpirit's Microscopic Imager.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 824
EP  - 826
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Microscopic Imager on the Spirit rover analyzed the textures of the soil and rocks at Gusev crater on Mars at a resolution of 100 micrometers. Weakly bound agglomerates of dust are present in the soil near the Columbia Memorial Station. Some of the brushed or abraded rock surfaces show igneous textures and evidence for alteration rinds, coatings, and veins consistent with secondary mineralization. The rock textures are consistent with a volcanic origin and subsequent alteration and/or weathering by impact events, wind, and possibly water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soils
KW  - Agricultural resources
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Economic geology
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Space flight to Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 14155300; Herkenhoff, K. E. 1; Email Address: kherkenhoff@usgs.gov; Squyres, S. W. 2; Arvidson, R. 3; Bass, D. S. 4; Bell III, J. F. 2; Bertelsen, P. 5; Cabrol, N. A. 6; Gaddis, L. 1; Hayes, A. G. 2; Hviid, S. F. 7; Johnson, J. R. 1; Kinch, K. M. 8; Madsen, M. B. 5; Maki, J. N. 4; McLennan, S. M. 9; McSween, H. Y. 10; Rice Jr., J. W. 11; Sims, M. 12; Smith., P. H. 13; Soderblom, L. A. 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.; 2: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; 3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 5: Center for Planetary Science, Danish Space Research Institute and Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics, and Geophysics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.; 6: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 7: Max Planck Institut für Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau, D-37191, Germany.; 8: Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; 9: State University of New York, Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.; 10: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.; 11: Arizona State University, Department of Geological Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; 12: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 13: University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.; Issue Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p824; Thesaurus Term: Soils; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural resources; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Economic geology; Subject Term: Rocks; Subject Term: Space flight to Mars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2235
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Rieder, R.
AU  - Anderson, R. C.
AU  - Brückner, J.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Dreibus, G.
AU  - Economou, T.
AU  - Klingelhöfer, G.
AU  - Lugmair, G. W.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - d'Uston, C.
AU  - Wänke, H.
AU  - Yen, A.
AU  - Zipfel, J.
T1  - Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the AlphaParticle X-ray Spectrometer.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 829
EP  - 833
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The alpha particle x-ray spectrometer on the Spirit rover determined major and minor elements of soils and rocks in Gusev crater in order to unravel the crustal evolution of planet Mars. The composition of soils is similar to those at previous landing sites, as a result of global mixing and distribution by dust storms. Rocks (fresh surfaces exposed by the rock abrasion tool) resemble volcanic rocks of primitive basaltic composition with low intrinsic potassium contents. High abundance of bromine (up to 170 parts per million) in rocks may indicate the alteration of surfaces formed during a past period of aqueous activity in Gusev crater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bromine
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Interplanetary voyages
N1  - Accession Number: 14155302; Gellert, R. 1,2; Email Address: gellert@mpch-mainz.mpg.de.; Rieder, R. 1; Anderson, R. C. 3; Brückner, J. 1; Clark, B. C. 4; Dreibus, G. 1; Economou, T. 5; Klingelhöfer, G. 2; Lugmair, G. W. 1; Ming, D. W. 6; Squyres, S. W. 7; d'Uston, C. 8; Wänke, H. 1; Yen, A. 3; Zipfel, J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, J. J. Becher-Weg 27, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.; 2: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 911091, USA.; 4: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA.; 5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Research, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.; 6: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX 77058, USA.; 7: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; 8: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, F-31028, Toulouse, France.; Issue Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p829; Thesaurus Term: Bromine; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: Rocks; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Interplanetary voyages; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3234
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McSween, H. Y.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Crisp, J. A.
AU  - Grumpier, L. S.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
AU  - Farmer, J. D.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Chosh, A.
AU  - Gorevan, S.
AU  - Graff, T.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Haskin, L A.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
AU  - Jolliff, B. L.
T1  - Basaltic Rocks Analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 842
EP  - 845
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain <25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mössbauer, Pancam, and MiniTES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. These basalts extend the known range of rock compositions composing the martian crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Space flight to Mars
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Iron ores
N1  - Accession Number: 14155305; McSween, H. Y. 1; Email Address: mcsween@utk.edu; Arvidson, R. E. 2; Bell III, J. F. 3; Blaney, D. 4; Cabrol, N. A. 5; Christensen, P. R. 6; Clark, B. C. 7; Crisp, J. A. 4; Grumpier, L. S. 8; Des Marais, D. J. 5; Farmer, J. D. 6; Gellert, R. 9; Chosh, A. 1; Gorevan, S. 10; Graff, T. 6; Grant, J. 11; Haskin, L A. 2; Herkenhoff, K. E. 12; Johnson, J. R. 12; Jolliff, B. L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA.; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.; 3: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA.; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA.; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; 6: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6305, USA.; 7: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA.; 8: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA.; 9: Max Planck Institut fur Chemie, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.; 10: Honeybee Robotics, New York, NY 10012, USA.; 11: National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.; 12: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1698, USA.; Issue Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p842; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Space flight to Mars; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Iron ores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213117 Contract drilling (except oil and gas); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2607
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kotchenova, Svetlana Y.
AU  - Song, Xiangdong
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Potter, Christopher S.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Lidar remote sensing for modeling gross primary production of deciduous forests
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2004/08/15/
VL  - 92
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 172
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The influence of foliage vertical distribution on vegetation gross primary production (GPP) is investigated in this study. A new photosynthesis model has been created that combines the standard sunlit/shaded leaf separation (two-leaf) and the multiple layer approaches and uses vertical foliage profiles measured by SLICER (the Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery). Daily gross carbon assimilation rates calculated by this model were compared with the rates calculated by two other models, the two-leaf model and the combined two-leaf multilayer model utilizing uniform foliage profiles. The comparison was made over a wide range of profiles and weather conditions for two mixed deciduous forest stands in eastern Maryland, measured by SLICER in September 1995. Incident radiation pattern, environmental parameters and total amounts of sunlit and shaded leaves were the same for all three models. The difference was in the distributions of radiation and sunlit/shaded leaves inside the canopy. For the combined models, these distributions were calculated based on the vertical foliage profiles, while for the two-leaf model, empirical equations were used to account for the average amounts of absorbed radiation. The simulations showed that: (1) the use of a uniform foliage distribution instead of the actual one results in large differences in the calculated GPP values, up to 46.4% and 50.7% for the days with partial and total cloud cover; (2) the performance of the two-leaf model is extremely sensitive to the absorbed radiation pattern, its disagreement with the proposed model becomes insignificant when the average amounts of absorbed radiation are the same; (3) days with partial cloud cover and a greater fraction of diffuse radiation are characterized by higher GPP rates. These findings highlight the importance of vertical foliage profile and separate treatments of diffuse and direct radiation for photosynthesis modeling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Leaves
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Lidar remote sensing
KW  - Photosynthesis model
KW  - Vertical foliage profiles
N1  - Accession Number: 14103618; Kotchenova, Svetlana Y. 1; Email Address: skotchen@bu.edu; Song, Xiangdong 1; Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1; Potter, Christopher S. 2; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, #457, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; 2: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Aug2004, Vol. 92 Issue 2, p158; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Leaves; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosynthesis model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertical foliage profiles; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thakoor, Sarita
AU  - Morookian, John Michael
AU  - Chahl, Javaan
AU  - Hine, Butler
AU  - Zornetzer, Steve
T1  - BEES: Exploring Mars with Bioinspired Technologies. (cover story)
JO  - Computer (00189162)
JF  - Computer (00189162)
J1  - Computer (00189162)
PY  - 2004/09//
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 37
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 47
SN  - 00189162
AB  - To enable autonomous flight, bioinspired engineering of exploration systems (BEES) technology is applied to the development of bioinspired visual navigation sensors integrated on small flyers. Inspiration for these BEES designs is drawn from insects, which use ingenious strategies, including optic flow, for navigating successfully in thee dimensions. Distilling these principles from biology enables the development of efficient, compact, yet sophisticated autopilots for robotic aircraft embarking on planetary exploration missions, The bioinspired sensor suite shown in this article is composed of dragonfly-inspired ocelli for flight stabilization and attitude referencing; honeybee-inspired optic flow for terrain following, lateral-drift containment, and localization; and sun and sky polarization-based compassing.
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - AUTOMATIC pilot (Airplanes)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - AUTONOMOUS robots
N1  - Accession Number: 14438711; Source Information: Sep2004, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p38; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: AUTOMATIC pilot (Airplanes); Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: AUTONOMOUS robots; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 5 Diagrams; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min-Ju Liao
AU  - Johnson, Walter W.
T1  - Characterizing the Effects of Droplines on Target Acquisition Performance on a 3-D Perspective Display.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2004///Fall2004
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 476
EP  - 496
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - The present study investigated the effects of droplines on target acquisition performance on a 3-D perspective display in which participants were required to move a cursor into a target cube as quickly as possible. Participants' performance and coordination strategies were characterized using both Fitts' law and acquisition patterns of the 3 viewer-centered target display dimensions (azimuth, elevation, and range). Participants' movement trajectories were recorded and used to determine movement times for acquisitions of the entire target and of each of its display dimensions. The goodness of fit of the data to a modified Fitts function varied widely among participants, and the presence of droplines did not have observable impacts on the goodness of fit. However, droplines helped participants navigate via straighter paths and particularly benefited range dimension acquisition. A general preference for visually overlapping the target with the cursor prior to capturing the target was found. Potential applications of this research include the design of interactive 3-D perspective displays in which fast and accurate selection and manipulation of content residing at multiple ranges may be a challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Target acquisition
KW  - Three-dimensional display systems
KW  - Task performance
KW  - Motor ability
KW  - Perceptual-motor processes
KW  - Ergonomics
N1  - Accession Number: 15115945; Min-Ju Liao 1; Email Address: mliao@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Johnson, Walter W. 2; Affiliations: 1: San Jose State University Foundation/NASDA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Fall2004, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p476; Subject Term: Target acquisition; Subject Term: Three-dimensional display systems; Subject Term: Task performance; Subject Term: Motor ability; Subject Term: Perceptual-motor processes; Subject Term: Ergonomics; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Craig S.
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - Modeling Information Navigation: Implications for Information Architecture.
JO  - Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 225
EP  - 271
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 07370024
AB  - Previous studies for menu and Web search tasks have suggested differing advice on the optimal number of selections per page. In this article, we examine this discrepancy through the use of a computational model of information navigation that simulates users navigating through a Web site. By varying the quality of the link labels in our simulations, we find that the optimal structure depends on the quality of the labels and are thus able to account for the results in the previous studies. We present additional empirical results to further validate the model and corroborate our findings. Finally we discuss our findings' implications for the information architecture of Web sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - INTERNET programming
KW  - WEBSITES
KW  - ELECTRONIC records
KW  - FILTERING software
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 14413179; Miller, Craig S. 1; Remington, Roger W. 2; Affiliations: 1: DePaul University.; 2: NASA Ames Research Center.; Issue Info: Sep2004, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p225; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Thesaurus Term: INTERNET programming; Thesaurus Term: WEBSITES; Thesaurus Term: ELECTRONIC records; Thesaurus Term: FILTERING software; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slade, Wayne H.
AU  - Ressom, Habtom W.
AU  - Musavi, Mohamad T.
AU  - Miller, Richard L.
T1  - Inversion of Ocean Color Observations Using Particle Swarm Optimization.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 42
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1915
EP  - 1923
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Inversion of ocean color reflectance measurements can be cast as an optimization problem, where particular parameters of a forward model are optimized in order to make the forward-modeled spectral reflectance match the spectral reflectance of a given in situ sample. Here, a simulated ocean color dataset is used to test the capability of a recently introduced global optimization process, particle swarm optimization (PSO), in the retrieval of optical properties from ocean color. The performance of the PSO method was compared with the more common genetic algorithms (GA) in terms of model accuracy and computation time. The PSO method has been shown to outperform the GA in terms of model error. Of particular importance to ocean color remote sensing is the speed advantage that PSO affords over GA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - Computational intelligence
KW  - global optimization
KW  - remote
KW  - sensing inversion.
N1  - Accession Number: 14524434; Slade, Wayne H. 1; Email Address: wsIade@ieee.org; Ressom, Habtom W. 2; Email Address: hwr@georgetown.edu; Musavi, Mohamad T. 3; Miller, Richard L. 4; Affiliations: 1: School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA.; 2: Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biostatistics Unit, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057 USA.; 3: Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA.; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Science Applications Directorate, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 USA.; Issue Info: Sep2004, Vol. 42 Issue 9, p1915; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational intelligence; Author-Supplied Keyword: global optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensing inversion.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.833389
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
T1  - Application of Vortex Invariants to Roll Up of Vortex Pairs.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/09//Sep/Oct2004
Y1  - 2004/09//Sep/Oct2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1098
EP  - 1105
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A method developed by Betz for the rolled-up structure of vortices shed by isolated wing tips is extended to vortex pairs (two vortical regions of opposite sign), which are shed by wings of finite span. The present analysis again uses the invariants for the two-dimensional time-dependent motion of vortex systems, but the extension made here to vortex pairs depends primarily on the invariant for kinetic energy. It is found that the total energy in the flowfield can be separated into a part that governs the structure of each vortical region and a part that governs the spanwise distance between the centroids of the vortical regions. As a consequence, the rules for the rolled-up structure of vortical regions are the same as the one derived by Betz. Because the analysis does not apply a constraint that forces the circular contours of constant circulation to coincide with streamline paths, the solution is labeled first order. A method that can be used to obtain second- and higher-order approximations is described. Application of the first-order method to the vortex wake of an elliptically loaded wing indicates that a first-order solution for vortex pairs is adequate for many engineering purposes. The method derived here for single vortex pairs also justifies the superposition of axially symmetric vortical cores to simulate complex vortex wakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX flaps
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - INVARIANTS (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 14939729; Source Information: Sep/Oct2004, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p1098; Subject Term: VORTEX flaps; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: INVARIANTS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 1 Graph; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hajj, Muhammad R.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Nonlinear Flutter Aspects of the Flexible High-Speed Civil Transport Semispan Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/09//Sep/Oct2004
Y1  - 2004/09//Sep/Oct2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1202
EP  - 1208
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The nonlinear aspects that lead to the flutter of the flexible semispan model of a high-speed civil transport wing configuration are analyzed. A hierarchy of spectral moments was used to determine the characteristics of the aerodynamic loading and structural strains and motions. The results show that the frequency of the bending motion of the wing varied significantly as the Mach number was increased between 0.90 and 0.97. Examination of the pressure coefficients in terms of mean value and fluctuations showed that the flow characteristics over the wing changed significantly around a Mach number of 0.97. A strong shock was identified near the trailing edge. Nonlinear analysis of the pressure fluctuations, under these conditions, showed nonlinear coupling involving low-frequency components at pressure locations where the mean value was at a local minimum. This shows that the aerodynamic forces acting on the model had nonlinearly coupled frequency components. The presented results show how nonlinear analysis tools can be used to identify nonlinear aspects of the flutter phenomenon, which are needed in the validation of nonlinear computational methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
N1  - Accession Number: 14939742; Source Information: Sep/Oct2004, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p1202; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Maitner Jr., Robert E.
AU  - Otero, Jorge
T1  - Case Study for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
JO  - Journal of Government Financial Management
JF  - Journal of Government Financial Management
Y1  - 2004///Fall2004
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 54
EP  - 60
SN  - 15331385
AB  - This article presents a case study for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). NASA Langley--located in Hampton, Virginia--engaged contractor support from International Business Machines Corp.'s (IBM) Business Consulting Services to take over many of the daily duties of financial management staff. The team provides accounting and financial analysis for Langley's monitored contracts, which make up the large majority of the center's contractor budget. The flexibility afforded by the contract enabled NASA to increase the level of effort during the most critical phases of the transition.
KW  - FINANCIAL management
KW  - FINANCIAL services industry
KW  - CONTRACTS
KW  - HAMPTON (Va.)
KW  - VIRGINIA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 14387513; Maitner Jr., Robert E. 1; Otero, Jorge 2; Affiliations: 1: Managing consultant, IBM Business Consulting Services.; 2: Chief, Financial Accounting and Analysis Branch, Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: Fall2004, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p54; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL management; Thesaurus Term: FINANCIAL services industry; Thesaurus Term: CONTRACTS; Subject: HAMPTON (Va.); Subject: VIRGINIA; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522291 Consumer Lending; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523920 Portfolio Management; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Case Study
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tangdong Qu
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric J.
T1  - Northward Intrusion of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Western Pacific.
JO  - Journal of Physical Oceanography
JF  - Journal of Physical Oceanography
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 34
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2104
EP  - 2118
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00223670
AB  - The northward intrusion of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is examined using historical data combined with synoptic observations from a repeated hydrographic section in the western Pacific Ocean. The results of this analysis suggest that AAIW is traced as a salinity minimum to only about 158N via the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent and the Mindanao Undercurrent. There is no northward extension of AAIW farther to the north along the western boundary. Although relatively high oxygen water does exist in the Okinawa Trough, it is connected with high-oxygen water in the South China Sea (SCS) through the Luzon Strait but not from the south as an extension of AAIW. Local circulation seems to play an essential role in localizing the oxygen maximum in the SCS. Evidence exists to suggest that high-oxygen water enters the SCS as part of the Pacific deep water around the still depth (;2000 m) of the Luzon Strait; from there, part of it upwells and is entrained into shallower isopycnal surfaces by vertical mixing and eventually flows back to the Pacific through the Luzon Strait at depths of AAIW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Marine sciences
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Aeronautics in earth sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 14509664; Tangdong Qu 1; Email Address: tangdong@hawaii.edu; Lindstrom, Eric J. 2; Affiliations: 1: International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawii; 2: Office of Earth Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 9, p2104; Thesaurus Term: Oceanography; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Thesaurus Term: Marine sciences; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Thesaurus Term: Physical sciences; Thesaurus Term: Aeronautics in earth sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rice, Lloyd
AU  - Raichell, Daniel R.
AU  - Ungar, Eric E.
AU  - Shepherd, Kevin P.
AU  - Augspurger, George L.
AU  - Kahrs, Mark
AU  - D. L. R.
AU  - Preves, David
AU  - Rosenberg, Carl J.
AU  - Thompson, William
AU  - Waag, Robert C.
T1  - REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1317
EP  - 1337
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Presents several reviews of patents on acoustical science.  Acoustic Absorption Electromagnetic Radiation Sensing With Sic; Guided Wave Electrooptic and Acoustooptic Tunable Filter Apparatus and Method; Method and Apparatus for Improving the Dynamic Range of Laser Detected Ultrasound in Attenuative Materials.
KW  - PATENTS
KW  - SOUND
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - ELECTROOPTICS
KW  - ACOUSTOOPTICS
KW  - LASERS
N1  - Accession Number: 20827437; Rice, Lloyd; Raichell, Daniel R.; Ungar, Eric E. 1; Shepherd, Kevin P. 2; Augspurger, George L. 3; Kahrs, Mark 4; D. L. R.; Preves, David 5; Rosenberg, Carl J. 6; Thompson, William; Waag, Robert C. 6; Affiliations: 1 : Acentech, Incorporated, 33 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; 2 : Mail Stop 463, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 3 : Perception, Incorporated, Box 39536, Los Angeles, California 90039; 4 : Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; 5 : Starkey Laboratories, 6600 Washington Ave. S., Eden Prarie, Minnesota 55344; 6 : Acentech Incorporated, 33 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138;  Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p1317; Subject Term: PATENTS; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: ELECTROOPTICS; Subject Term: ACOUSTOOPTICS; Subject Term: LASERS; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 46 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCurdy, David A.
AU  - Brown, Sherilyn A.
AU  - Hilliard, R. David
T1  - Subjective response of people to simulated sonic booms in their homes.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1573
EP  - 1584
SN  - 00014966
AB  - In order to determine the effect of the number of sonic boom occurrences on annoyance, a computer-based system was developed for studying the subjective response of people to the occurrence of simulated sonic booms in their homes. The system provided a degree of control over the noise exposure not found in community surveys and a degree of situational realism not available in the laboratory. A system was deployed for eight weeks in each of 33 homes. Each day from 4 to 63 sonic booms were played as the test subject went about his or her normal activities. At the end of the day, the test subjects rated their annoyance to the sonic booms heard during the day. The sonic booms consisted of different combinations of waveforms, levels, and occurrence rates. The experiment confirmed that the increase in annoyance resulting from multiple occurrences can be modeled by the addition of the term "10 * log(number of occurrences)" to the sonic boom level. Of several noise metrics considered, perceived level was the best annoyance predictor. Comparisons of the subjective responses to the different sonic boom waveforms found no differences that were not accounted for by the noise metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - NOISE
KW  - CATHODE ray oscillographs
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 20827452; McCurdy, David A. 1; Email Address: d.a.mccurdy@nasa.gov; Brown, Sherilyn A. 2; Hilliard, R. David 3; Affiliations: 1 : Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 463, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 2 : Systems Analysis Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 348, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 3 : Wyle Laboratories, 3200 Magruder Boulevard, Hampton, Virginia 23666;  Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p1573; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: CATHODE ray oscillographs; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.1781189
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castagna, Michael J.
T1  - A Decision-Support Tool for Collection Management.
JO  - Marine Corps Gazette
JF  - Marine Corps Gazette
J1  - Marine Corps Gazette
PY  - 2004/09//
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 88
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 71
SN  - 00253170
AB  - Proposes a software application to automate the military intelligence collection process and improve decision making. Basic processes that must be introduced to improve and effectively automate the collection process; Factors to consider in the determination of collection areas of interest.
KW  - MILITARY intelligence
KW  - MILITARY art & science
KW  - INTELLIGENCE service
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - ARMED Forces
N1  - Accession Number: 14379447; Source Information: Sep2004, Vol. 88 Issue 9, p67; Subject Term: MILITARY intelligence; Subject Term: MILITARY art & science; Subject Term: INTELLIGENCE service; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: ARMED Forces; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan I.
T1  - Looking into the Giant Planets.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/09/03/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5689
M3  - Article
SP  - 1414
EP  - 1415
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article reports that images of Jupiter and Saturn from telescopes and space probes only show the outermost layers of these giant planets. Recent model studies show how new measurements from the Cassini spacecraft, now in orbit around Saturn, could lead to a better understanding of the interior of Saturn and, by extension, all giant planets. The authors created static models of Jupiter and Saturn that match all available constraints, including mass, radius, oblateness, rotation period, atmospheric temperature, and gravitational moments for each planet.
KW  - Space probes
KW  - Telescopes
KW  - Astronomical instruments
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 14576298; Fortney, Jonathan I. 1; Email Address: jfortney@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: The author is with the Planetary Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: 9/3/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5689, p1414; Subject Term: Space probes; Subject Term: Telescopes; Subject Term: Astronomical instruments; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1509
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Njoku, Eni G.
AU  - Lakshmi, Venkat
AU  - O'Neill, Peggy E.
T1  - Soil moisture field experiment special issue
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2004/09/30/
VL  - 92
IS  - 4
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 425
EP  - 426
SN  - 00344257
N1  - Accession Number: 14375333; Njoku, Eni G. 1; Email Address: eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov; Lakshmi, Venkat 2; O'Neill, Peggy E. 3; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA; 3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA; Issue Info: Sep2004, Vol. 92 Issue 4, p425; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Masters, Dallas
AU  - Axelrad, Penina
AU  - Katzberg, Stephen
T1  - Initial results of land-reflected GPS bistatic radar measurements in SMEX02
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2004/09/30/
VL  - 92
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 507
EP  - 520
SN  - 00344257
AB  - To investigate scattering of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals from terrain and the potential for remotely sensing soil moisture with the L-band GPS bistatic radar concept, a prototype GPS bistatic radar participated in airborne measurements during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). A 12-channel GPS navigation receiver, modified to perform bistatic radar measurements, was mounted on the NCAR C-130 aircraft to make co-located measurements with other instruments. Narrow pulse returns and comparison of the reflected GPS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements to digital imagery and cover maps indicated that the scattering was most likely quasi-specular, originating from a small footprint on the order of the first Fresnel zone (∼30 m). Temporal changes were observed in the measured signals and were expected to be proportional to varying soil moisture content. To investigate this effect, the bistatic signal measurements were interpolated to a spatial grid to produce daily maps of relative change of surface soil moisture over the study region. The maps of the study region showed a transition from dry surface soil moisture conditions to wet conditions following precipitation events occurring in the middle of the study period. Additionally, the maps showed the scattered power increased in areas with localized rainfall relative to areas without precipitation. Comparing the GPS-reflected SNR measurements with L-band brightness temperatures measured coincidently by the PALS radiometer showed good agreement in the trend measured by the two sensors. The scattered signal measurements were also compared with in situ soil moisture measurements and found to follow the general soil moisture trend as a function of time. These initial results from the first controlled experiment of GPS bistatic radar for soil moisture remote sensing indicate that the technique is sensitive to temporal and spatial variations in soil moisture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Radar
KW  - Signals & signaling
KW  - Bistatic radar
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - SMEX02
N1  - Accession Number: 14375341; Masters, Dallas 1; Email Address: mastersd@colorado.edu; Axelrad, Penina 1; Katzberg, Stephen 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, CB 431/CCAR, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Sep2004, Vol. 92 Issue 4, p507; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Radar; Subject Term: Signals & signaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bistatic radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Positioning System; Author-Supplied Keyword: SMEX02; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - O'Keefe, Sean
T1  - Explorers Wanted.
JO  - Air & Space Smithsonian
JF  - Air & Space Smithsonian
J1  - Air & Space Smithsonian
PY  - 2004/10//Oct/Nov2004
Y1  - 2004/10//Oct/Nov2004
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 56
EP  - 57
SN  - 08862257
AB  - Discusses the developments in space travel and exploration as of October 2004.  Information on space observations and research; Goals of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in relation to the vision of President George W. Bush for the country's space program; Progress of technologies used in space missions.
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - BUSH, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 14851953; Source Information: Oct/Nov2004, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p56; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: BUSH, George W. (George Walker), 1946-; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; ; Document Type: Editorial; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zlochin, Mark
AU  - Birattari, Mauro
AU  - Meuleau, Nicolas
AU  - Dorigo, Marco
T1  - Model-Based Search for Combinatorial Optimization: A Critical Survey.
JO  - Annals of Operations Research
JF  - Annals of Operations Research
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 131
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
EP  - 395
SN  - 02545330
AB  - In this paper we introduce model-based search as a unifying framework accommodating some recently proposed metaheuristics for combinatorial optimization such as ant colony optimization, stochastic gradient ascent, cross-entropy and estimation of distribution methods. We discuss similarities as well as distinctive features of each method and we propose some extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of Operations Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - COMBINATORIAL analysis
KW  - CROSS-entropy method
KW  - adaptive optimization
KW  - ant colony optimization
KW  - cross-entropy method
KW  - estimation of distribution algorithms
KW  - metaheuristics
KW  - stochastic gradient ascent
N1  - Accession Number: 18724137; Zlochin, Mark 1; Email Address: zmark@weizmann.ac.il; Birattari, Mauro 2; Meuleau, Nicolas 3; Email Address: nmeuleau@email.arc.nasa.gov; Dorigo, Marco 2; Email Address: mbiro@ulb.ac.be; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel; 2: IRIDIA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 131 Issue 1-4, p373; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL analysis; Subject Term: CROSS-entropy method; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: ant colony optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: cross-entropy method; Author-Supplied Keyword: estimation of distribution algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: metaheuristics; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic gradient ascent; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/B:ANOR.0000039526.52305.af
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Ackerman, Thomas P.
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Bösenberg, Jens
AU  - Amy J. Braverman
AU  - Charlson, Robert J.
AU  - Collins, William D.
AU  - Davies, Roger
AU  - Holben, Brent N.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Martonchik, John V.
AU  - Menzies, Robert T.
AU  - Miller, Mark A.
AU  - John A. Ogren
AU  - Penner, Joyce E.
AU  - Rasch, Philip J.
AU  - Schwartz, Stephen E.
AU  - Seinfeld, John H.
AU  - Stephens, Graeme L.
T1  - PARAGON: An Integrated Approach for Characterizing Aerosol Climate Impacts and Environmental Interactions.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1491
EP  - 1501
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Aerosols exert myriad influences on the earth's environment and climate, and on human health. The complexity of aerosol-related processes requires that information gathered to improve our understanding of climate change must originate from multiple sources, and that effective strategies for data integration need to be established. While a vast array of observed and modeled data are becoming available, the aerosol research community currently lacks the necessary tools and infrastructure to reap maximum scientific benefit from these data. Spatial and temporal sampling differences among a diverse set of sensors, nonuniform data qualities, aerosol mesoscale variabilities, and difficulties in separating cloud effects are some of the challenges that need to be addressed. Maximizing the long-term benefit from these data also requires maintaining consistently well-understood accuracies as measurement approaches evolve and improve. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of how aerosol physical, chemical, and radiative processes impact the earth system can be achieved only through a multidisciplinary, inter-agency, and international initiative capable of dealing with these issues. A systematic approach, capitalizing on modern measurement and modeling techniques, geospatial statistics methodologies, and high-performance information technologies, can provide the necessary machinery to support this objective. We outline a framework for integrating and interpreting observations and models, and establishing an accurate, consistent, and cohesive long-term record, following a strategy whereby information and tools of progressively greater sophistication are incorporated as problems of increasing complexity are tackled. This concept is named the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON). To encompass the breadth of the effort required, we present a set of recommendations dealing with data interoperability; measurement and model integration; multisensor synergy; data summarization and mining; model evaluation; calibration and validation; augmentation of surface and in situ measurements; advances in passive and active remote sensing; and design of satellite missions. Without an initiative of this nature, the scientific and policy communities will continue to struggle with understanding the quantitative impact of complex aerosol processes on regional and global climate change and air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Electronic data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 14836043; Diner, David J. 1; Email Address: djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov; Ackerman, Thomas P. 2; Anderson, Theodore L. 2; Bösenberg, Jens 3; Amy J. Braverman 1; Charlson, Robert J. 4; Collins, William D. 5; Davies, Roger 1; Holben, Brent N. 6; Hostetler, Chris A. 7; Kahn, Ralph A. 1; Martonchik, John V. 1; Menzies, Robert T. 1; Miller, Mark A. 8; John A. Ogren 9; Penner, Joyce E. 10; Rasch, Philip J. 5; Schwartz, Stephen E. 8; Seinfeld, John H. 11; Stephens, Graeme L. 12; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 3: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany; 4: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 7: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia; 8: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; 9: NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 10: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 11: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 12: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1491; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Subject Term: Electronic data processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1491
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=14836043&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seinfeld, John H.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Charlson, Robert J.
AU  - Davies, Roger
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Schwartz, Stephen E.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
T1  - Scientific Objectives, Measurement Needs, and Challenges Motivating the PARAGON Aerosol Initiative.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1503
EP  - 1509
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Aerosols are involved in a complex set of processes that operate across many spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these processes, and ensuring their accurate representation in models of transport, radiation transfer, and climate, requires knowledge of aerosol physical, chemical, and optical properties and the distributions of these properties in space and time. To derive aerosol climate forcing, aerosol optical and microphysical properties and their spatial and temporal distributions, and aerosol interactions with clouds, need to be understood. Such data are also required in conjunction with size-resolved chemical composition in order to evaluate chemical transport models and to distinguish natural and anthropogenic forcing. Other basic parameters needed for modeling the radiative influences of aerosols are surface reflectivity and three-dimensional cloud fields. This large suite of parameters mandates an integrated observing and modeling system of commensurate scope. The Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) concept, designed to meet this requirement, is motivated by the need to understand climate system sensitivity to changes in atmospheric constituents, to reduce climate model uncertainties, and to analyze diverse collections of data pertaining to aerosols. This paper highlights several challenges resulting from the complexity of the problem. Approaches for dealing with them are offered in the set of companion papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Electronic data processing
KW  - Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 14836042; Seinfeld, John H. 1; Kahn, Ralph A. 2; Anderson, Theodore L. 3; Charlson, Robert J. 3; Davies, Roger 2; Diner, David J. 2; Email Address: djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov; Ogren, John A. 4; Schwartz, Stephen E. 5; Wielicki, Bruce A. 6; Affiliations: 1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 3: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 4: NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 5: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1503; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Subject Term: Electronic data processing; Subject Term: Measurement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1503
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=14836042&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ackerman, Thomas P.
AU  - Braverman, Amy J.
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Martonchik, John V.
AU  - Penner, Joyce E.
AU  - Rasch, Philip J.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Bin Yu
T1  - Integrating and Interpreting Aerosol Observations and Models within the PARAGON Framework.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1523
EP  - 1533
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Given the breadth and complexity of available data, constructing a measurement-based description of global tropospheric aerosols that will effectively confront and constrain global three-dimensional models is a daunting task. Because data are obtained from multiple sources and acquired with nonuniform spatial and temporal sampling, scales, and coverage, protocols need to be established that will organize this vast body of knowledge. Currently, there is no capability to assemble the existing aerosol data into a unified, interoperable whole. Technology advancements now being pursued in high-performance distributed computing initiatives can accomplish this objective. Once the data are organized, there are many approaches that can be brought to bear upon the problem of integrating data from different sources. These include data-driven approaches, such as geospatial statistics formulations, and model-driven approaches, such as assimilation or chemical transport modeling. Establishing a data interoperability framework will stimulate algorithm development and model validation and will facilitate the exploration of synergies between different data types. Data summarization and mining techniques can be used to make statistical inferences about climate system relationships and interpret patterns of aerosol-induced change. Generating descriptions of complex, nonlinear relationships among multiple parameters is critical to climate model improvement and validation. Finally, determining the role of aerosols in past and future climate change ultimately requires the use of fully coupled climate and chemistry models, and the evaluation of these models is required in order to trust their results. The set of recommendations presented here address one component of the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) initiative. Implementing them will produce the most accurate four-dimensional representation of global aerosols, which can then be used for testing, constraining, and validating models. These activities are critical components of a sustained program to quantify aerosol effects on global climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Electronic data processing
KW  - Data mining
KW  - Information retrieval
N1  - Accession Number: 14836040; Ackerman, Thomas P. 1; Braverman, Amy J. 2; Diner, David J. 2; Email Address: djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov; Anderson, Theodore L. 3; Kahn, Ralph A. 2; Martonchik, John V. 2; Penner, Joyce E. 4; Rasch, Philip J. 5; Wielicki, Bruce A. 6; Bin Yu 7; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 3: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 4: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 7: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1523; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Electronic data processing; Subject Term: Data mining; Subject Term: Information retrieval; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1523
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=14836040&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Menzies, Robert T.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Bösenberg, Jens
AU  - Charlson, Robert J.
AU  - Holben, Brent N.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Miller, Mark A.
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Stephens, Graeme L.
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Rasch, Philip J.
AU  - Travis, Larry D.
AU  - Collins, William D.
T1  - Using the PARAGON Framework to Establish an Accurate, Consistent, and Cohesive Long-Term Aerosol Record.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1535
EP  - 1548
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - A comprehensive and cohesive aerosol measurement record with consistent, well-understood uncertainties is a prerequisite to understanding aerosol impacts on long-term climate and environmental variability. Objectives to attaining such an understanding include improving upon the current state-of-the-art sensor calibration and developing systematic validation methods for remotely sensed microphysical properties. While advances in active and passive remote sensors will lead to needed improvements in retrieval accuracies and capabilities, ongoing validation is essential so that the changing sensor characteristics do not mask atmospheric trends. Surface-based radiometer, chemical, and lidar networks have critical roles within an integrated observing system, yet they currently undersample key geographic regions, have limitations in certain measurement capabilities, and lack stable funding. In situ aircraft observations of size-resolved aerosol chemical composition are necessary to provide important linkages between active and passive remote sensing. A planned, systematic approach toward a global aerosol observing network, involving multiple sponsoring agencies and surface-based, suborbital, and spaceborne sensors, is required to prioritize trade-offs regarding capabilities and costs. This strategy is a key ingredient of the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) framework. A set of recommendations is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Electronic data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 14836039; Diner, David J. 1; Email Address: djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov; Menzies, Robert T. 1; Kahn, Ralph A. 1; Anderson, Theodore L. 2; Bösenberg, Jens 3; Charlson, Robert J. 2; Holben, Brent N. 4; Hostetler, Chris A. 5; Miller, Mark A. 6; Ogren, John A. 7; Stephens, Graeme L. 8; Torres, Omar 9; Wielicki, Bruce A. 5; Rasch, Philip J. 10; Travis, Larry D. 11; Collins, William D. 10; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 2: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 3: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 6: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; 7: NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 8: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; 9: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 11: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1535; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Electronic data processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=14836039&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermanson, J.C.
AU  - Johari, H.
AU  - Stocker, D.P.
AU  - Hegde, U.G.
T1  - Buoyancy effects in strongly pulsed turbulent diffusion flames
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 139
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 76
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: The effects of buoyancy in pulsed turbulent jet diffusion flames were investigated by conducting experiments in both microgravity and normal gravity. In all cases the flames were fully modulated; that is, the fuel flow was completely shut off between pulses. Unheated ethylene fuel was injected using a 2-mm-diameter nozzle into a combustor with an oxidizer coflow at ambient pressure. Microgravity conditions () were achieved for 2.2 s in drop tower tests. Flames with short injection times and high duty cycle exhibit a marked increase in the ensemble-averaged flame length due to the removal of buoyancy. For other injection conditions, including steady state injection, the flame length is not strongly impacted by buoyancy. The significant increases in flame length with injection duty cycle are consistent with the duty cycle near the flame tip of microgravity flames exceeding that of normal gravity flames. The celerity of isolated compact flame puffs is approximately 40% less in microgravity than in normal gravity. An analytical argument indicates that duty cycle near the flame tip can significantly exceed that at injection due to the combination of a puff growth and the decrease in the celerity of the flame puffs with downstream distance. This effect is predicted to be significantly greater in the absence of buoyancy and for shorter injection times, in qualitative agreement with the experiments. The cycle-averaged centerline temperatures were generally higher in the microgravity flames than in normal gravity, especially at the flame tip where the difference was as much as 200 K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Separation (Technology)
KW  - Atmospheric diffusion
KW  - Turbulent diffusion (Meteorology)
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Nonpremixed flames
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 19291477; Hermanson, J.C. 1; Email Address: jherm@aa.washington.edu; Johari, H. 2; Stocker, D.P. 3; Hegde, U.G. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 2: Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 139 Issue 1/2, p61; Thesaurus Term: Separation (Technology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric diffusion; Thesaurus Term: Turbulent diffusion (Meteorology); Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonpremixed flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.08.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=19291477&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eddy, Wesley M.
T1  - At What Layer Does Mobility Belong?
JO  - IEEE Communications Magazine
JF  - IEEE Communications Magazine
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 159
SN  - 01636804
AB  - Internetworking is a complex problem, traditionally tackled by splitting responsibilities between several layers of protocols arranged in a stack. A shortcoming of the current Internet suite's layers is that the responsibilities of individual layers are somewhat ill defined. The result is that frequently a feature may cause problems for higher layers when it unexpectedly exists lower in the stack, or may be unnecessarily and inefficiently implemented in multiple layers. Mobility is one such feature with no well defined place in classical protocol stacks. If a link layer hands over between two distinctly administered networks, a network layer protocol will likely need to acquire a new address. Similarly, if mobility is implemented at the network layer, such as with Mobile IP, transport layer protocols must be prepared to deal with a slew of problems (rapid changes in available capacity and delay, the asymmetry of triangle routes, and security policies, to name a few). Code for higher-level protocols (above transport) is less frequently reused, so higher-layer mobility schemes fail to leverage the large base of TCP sockets code. We discuss the various strengths and weaknesses of implementing mobility at three different layers of the protocol stack, concluding that a transport layer mobility scheme is likely to suit today's mobile Internet users best, and that ideally there should be more communication between layers to avoid conflict and inefficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Communications Magazine is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mobile communication systems
KW  - Internet
KW  - Computer networks
KW  - Internet users
KW  - Computer network protocols
KW  - Computer literacy
N1  - Accession Number: 14780822; Eddy, Wesley M. 1; Email Address: weddy@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Researcher with Verizon Federal Network Systems, NASA's Glenn Research Center.; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p155; Thesaurus Term: Mobile communication systems; Thesaurus Term: Internet; Thesaurus Term: Computer networks; Thesaurus Term: Internet users; Thesaurus Term: Computer network protocols; Subject Term: Computer literacy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maslov, A. V.
AU  - Ning, C. Z.
T1  - Modal Gain in a Semiconductor Nanowire Laser With Anisotropic Bandstructure.
JO  - IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
JF  - IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
J1  - IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
PY  - 2004/10//
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 40
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1389
EP  - 1397
SN  - 00189197
AB  - We investigate optical gain for the modes guided by semiconductor nanowires. We focus on optically anisotropic wurtzite-type semiconductors (such as GaN) and the situation when the optical axis of the crystal coincides with the geometrical axis of the nanowire. For GaN nanowire lasers, the calculation of the modal gain requires the knowledge of two confinement factors for a given mode and two gain coefficients for the bulk crystal. We show that the confinement factors for nanowire lasers are very large in comparison to those for heterostructure lasers, and can even exceed unity. To estimate the bulk gain in GaN we use the free-carrier model and emphasize the importance of accounting for anisotropy of gain. Using the calculated confinement factors and bulk gain, we predict that free-standing nanowires with small radius (R &gsim;70 nm) lase into the HE11 mode, thicker nanowires (70 nm &gsim; R &gsim; 90 nm) lase into the TE01 mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
N1  - Accession Number: 14643828; Source Information: Oct2004, Vol. 40 Issue 10, p1389; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/JQE.2004.834767
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=14643828&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Entekhabi, Dara
AU  - Njoku, Eni G.
AU  - Houser, Paul
AU  - Spencer, Michael
AU  - Doiron, Terence
AU  - Kim, Yunjin
AU  - Smith, Joel
AU  - Girard, Ralph
AU  - Belair, Stephane
AU  - Crow, Wade
AU  - Jackson, Thomas J.
AU  - Kerr, Yann H.
AU  - Kimball, John S.
AU  - Koster, Randy
AU  - McDonald, Kyle C.
AU  - O'Neill, Peggy B.
AU  - Pultz, Terry
AU  - Running, Steve W.
AU  - Shi, Jiancheng
AU  - Wood, Eric
T1  - The Hydrosphere State (Hydros) Satellite Mission: An Barth System Pathfinder for Global Mapping of Soil Moisture and Land Freeze/Thaw.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2184
EP  - 2195
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Hydrosphere State Mission (Hydros) is a pathfinder mission in the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration (NASA) Earth System Science Pathfinder Program (ESSP). The objective of the mission is to provide exploratory global measurements of the earth's soil moisture at 10-km resolution with twos to three-days revisit and land-surface freeze/thaw conditions at 3-km resolution with one- to two-days revisit. The mission builds on the heritage of ground-based and airborne passive and active low-frequency microwave measurements that have demonstrated and validated the effectiveness of the measurements and associated algorithms for estimating the amount and phase (frozen or thawed) of surface soil moisture..The mission data will enable advances in weather and climate prediction and in map- ping processes that link the water, energy, and carbon cycles. The Hydros instrument is a combined radar and radiometer system operating at 1.26 GHz (with VV, HH, and HV polarizations) and 1.41 GHz (with H, V, and U polarizations), respectively. The radar and the radiometer share the aperture of a 6-m antenna with a look-angle of 39° with respect to nadir. The lightweight deployable mesh antenna is rotated at 14.6 rpm to provide a constant look-angle scan across a swath width of 1000 km. The wide swath provides global coverage that meet the revisit requirements. The radiometer measurements allow retrieval of soil moisture in diverse (nonforested) landscapes with a resolution of 40 km. The radar measurements allow the retrieval of soil moisture at relatively high resolution (3 km). The mission includes combined radar/radiometer data products that will use the synergy of the two sensors to deliver enhanced-quality 10-km resolution soil moisture estimates. In this paper, the science requirements and their traceability to the instrument design are outlined. A review of the underlying measurement physics and key instrument performance parameters are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - RADAR
KW  - Land freeze/thaw
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - satellites
KW  - soil moisture.
N1  - Accession Number: 14904055; Entekhabi, Dara 1; Email Address: darae@mit.edu; Njoku, Eni G. 2; Houser, Paul 3; Spencer, Michael 2; Doiron, Terence 3; Kim, Yunjin 2; Smith, Joel 2; Girard, Ralph 4; Belair, Stephane 5; Crow, Wade 6; Jackson, Thomas J. 6; Kerr, Yann H. 7; Kimball, John S. 8; Koster, Randy 3; McDonald, Kyle C. 2; O'Neill, Peggy B. 3; Pultz, Terry 9; Running, Steve W. 8; Shi, Jiancheng 10; Wood, Eric 11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; 3: Hydrologic Sciences Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 4: Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, J3Y 8Y9 QC, Canada.; 5: Meteorological Service of Canada, Dorval, H98 1J3 QC, Canada.; 6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.; 7: Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de Ia Biosphère, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.; 8: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59860 USA.; 9: Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada.; 10: University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.; 11: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08854 USA.; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p2184; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: RADAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land freeze/thaw; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil moisture.; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834631
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Font, Jordi
AU  - Lagerloef, Gary S. E.
AU  - Vine, David M. Le
AU  - Camps, Adriano
AU  - Zanifé, Ouan-Zan
T1  - The Determination of Surface Salinity With the European SMOS Space Mission.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2196
EP  - 2205
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission aims at obtaining global maps of soil moisture and sea surface salinity from space for large-scale and climatic studies. It uses an L-band (1400-1427 MHz) Microwave Interferometric Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis to measure brightness temperature of the earth's surface at horizontal and vertical polarizations (Th and Tv). These two parameters will be used together to retrieve the geophysical parameters. The retrieval of salinity is a complex process that requires the knowledge of other environmental information and an accurate processing of the radiometer measurements. Here, we present recent results obtained from several studies and field experiments that were part of the SMOS mission, and highlight the issues still to be solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIELD work (Research)
KW  - SOIL salinity
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - Microwave radiometry
KW  - oceanography
KW  - salinity.
N1  - Accession Number: 14904056; Font, Jordi 1; Email Address: jfont@icm.csic.es; Lagerloef, Gary S. E. 2; Email Address: lager@esr.org; Vine, David M. Le 3; Email Address: David.M.LeVine@nasa.gov; Camps, Adriano 4; Zanifé, Ouan-Zan 5; Affiliations: 1: Institut de Ciències del Mar, CMIMA-CSIC, 08003~ Barcelona, Spain.; 2: Earth and Space Research, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.; 3: Microwave Sensors Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 4: Department Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.; 5: Space Oceanography Division, Collecte, Localisation, Satellites (CLS), 31526 Ramonville Saint-Agne, France.; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p2196; Thesaurus Term: FIELD work (Research); Subject Term: SOIL salinity; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SALINITY; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: oceanography; Author-Supplied Keyword: salinity.; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834649
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heli Wei
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Jun Li
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Hung-Lung Huang
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Strow, Larrabee
T1  - Retrieval of Semitransparent Ice Cloud Optical Thickness From Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2254
EP  - 2267
SN  - 01962892
AB  - An approach is developed to infer the optical thickness of semitransparent ice clouds (when optical thickness is less than 5) from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) high spectral resolution radiances. A fast cloud radiance model is developed and coupled with an AIRS clear-sky radiative transfer model for simulating AIRS radiances when ice clouds are present. Compared with more accurate calculations based on the discrete ordinates radiative transfer model, the accuracy of the fast cloud radiance model is within 0.5 K (root mean square) in terms of brightness temperature (BT) and runs three orders of magnitude faster. We investigate the sensitivity of AIRS spectral BTs and brightness temperature difference (BTD) values between pairs of wavenumbers to the cloud optical thickness. The spectral BTs for the atmospheric window channels within the region 1070-1135 cm-1 are sensitive to the ice cloud optical thickness, as is the BTD between 900.562 cm-1 (located in an atmospheric window) and 1558.692 cm-1 (located in a strong water vapor absorption band). Similarly, the BTD between a moderate absorption channel (1587.495 cm-1) and the strong water absorption channel (1558.692 cm-1) is sensitive to ice cloud optical thickness. Neither of the aforementioned BTDs is sensitive to the effective particle size. Thus, the optical thickness of semitransparent ice clouds can be retrieved reliably. We have developed a spectrum-based approach and a BTD-based method to retrieve the optical thickness of semitransparent ice clouds. The present retrieval methods are applied to a granule of AIRS data. The ice cloud optical thicknesses derived from the AIRS measurements are compared with those retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 1.38- and 0.645-μm bands. The optical thicknesses inferred from the MODIS measurements are collocated and degraded to the AIRS spatial resolution. Results from the MODIS and AIRS retrievals are in reasonable agreement over a wide range of optical thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds -- Optical properties
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
KW  - ice clouds
KW  - infrared radiation transfer
KW  - optical thickness
KW  - retrieval.
N1  - Accession Number: 14904062; Heli Wei 1; Ping Yang 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu; Jun Li 2; Baum, Bryan A. 3; Hung-Lung Huang 2; Platnick, Steven 4; Yongxiang Hu 3; Strow, Larrabee 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843 USA.; 2: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 5: Physics Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p2254; Subject Term: ICE clouds -- Optical properties; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS); Author-Supplied Keyword: ice clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared radiation transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: retrieval.; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.833780
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hirsch, Charles
AU  - Sockol, Peter M.
T1  - Review of Pieter Wesseling's book.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 18
IS  - 7
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 597
EP  - 599
SN  - 10618562
AB  - Reviews the book "Principles of Computational Fluid Dynamics," by Pieter Wesseling.
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Wesseling, Pieter
KW  - Principles of Computational Fluid Dynamics (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 15314065; Hirsch, Charles 1; Sockol, Peter M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Vrije Universiteit Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA.; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p597; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Principles of Computational Fluid Dynamics (Book); People: Wesseling, Pieter; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1080/1061856031000073036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Shaw, Neil A.1
AU  - Au, Whitlow W. L.2
AU  - Lynch, James F.3
AU  - Holt, R. Glynn4
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.5
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.5
AU  - Wheeler, Paul A.6
AU  - Rossing, Thomas D.7
AU  - Posey, Joe W.5
AU  - Waxler, Roger M.8
AU  - Burroughs, Courtney B.9
AU  - Nelson, Peggy B.10
AU  - Meyer, Jens M.
AU  - Havelock, David I.11
AU  - LePage, Kevin D.12
AU  - Hoover, K. Anthony13
AU  - Kastak, Colleen Reichmuth14
AU  - Elko, Gary W.15
AU  - Ryan, James G.16
AU  - Hansen, Uwe J.17
T1  - Architectural Acoustics: General Topics in Architectural Acoustics.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
J1  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
PY  - 2004/10//
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 116
IS  - 4
CP  - 4
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2500
EP  - 2551
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Presents abstracts of studies on architectural acoustics presented at the 148th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in San Diego, California, November 15-19, 2004.  "Acoustics at the shrine of St. Werburgh," by David Lubman"; "Noise control computer modeling for architectural academic education," by Michael Salameh; "Acoustic3D Teaching Program," by Norman E. Barnett and James A. Turner; "Use of surrogate samples to study variation of diffuse field absorption coefficients of fiberglass with altitude," by Richard D. Godfrey; "Rock art acoustics," by Lauren M. Ronsse.
KW  - Acoustical engineering -- Abstracts
KW  - Sound -- Abstracts
KW  - Architecture -- Abstracts
KW  - Computer simulation -- Abstracts
KW  - Education -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 20839768; Authors: Shaw, Neil A. 1; Au, Whitlow W. L. 2; Lynch, James F. 3; Holt, R. Glynn 4; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 5; Shams, Qamar A. 5; Wheeler, Paul A. 6; Rossing, Thomas D. 7; Posey, Joe W. 5; Waxler, Roger M. 8; Burroughs, Courtney B. 9; Nelson, Peggy B. 10; Meyer, Jens M.; Havelock, David I. 11; LePage, Kevin D. 12; Hoover, K. Anthony 13; Kastak, Colleen Reichmuth 14; Elko, Gary W. 15; Ryan, James G. 16; Hansen, Uwe J. 17; Affiliations:  1: Menlo Scientific Acoustics, Inc., P.O. Box 1610, Topanga, California 90290-1610;  2: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1106, Kailua, Hawaii 96734;  3: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 203 Bigelow Building, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543;  4: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215;  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681;  6: Utah State University, 1595 N 1600 E, Logan, Utah 84322;  7: Physics Department, Northern Illinois Univeristy, DeKalb, Illinois 60115;  8: National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, 1 Coliseum Drive, University, Mississippi 38677;  9: Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, P.O. Box 30, State College, Pennsylvania 16804-0030;  10: Communication Disorders, University of Minnesota, 164 Pillsbury Drive, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455;  11: National Research Council, IMS/ASP, Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada;  12: Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7144, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20375;  13: Cavanaugh Tocci Associates, Inc., 327F Boston Post Road, Sudbury, Massachusetts 01776;  14: Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060;  15: Avaya Labs, 233 Mt. Airy Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920;  16: Gennum Corporation, 232 Herzberg Road, Kanata, Ontario K2K 2A1, Canada;  17: Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809; Subject: Acoustical engineering -- Abstracts; Subject: Sound -- Abstracts; Subject: Architecture -- Abstracts; Subject: Computer simulation -- Abstracts; Subject: Education -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 52p; Record Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Kinetics of Organic Transformations under Mild Aqueous Conditions: Implications for the Origin of Life and its Metabolism.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 34
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 495
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The rates of thermal transformation of organic molecules containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen were systematically examined in order to identify the kinetic constraints that governed origin-of-life organic chemistry under mild aqueous conditions. Arrhenius plots of the kinetic data were used to estimate the reaction of half-lifes at 50 °C. This survey showed that hydrocarbons and organic substances containing a single oxygenated group were kinetically the most stable; whereas organic substances containing two oxygenated groups in which one group was an α- or β-positioned carbonyl group were the most reactive. Compounds with an α- or β-positioned carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) had rates of reaction that were up to 1024-times faster than rates of similar molecules lacking the carbonyl group. This survey of organic reactivity, together with estimates of the molecular containment properties of lipid vesicles and liquid spherules, indicates that an origins process in a small domain that used C,H,O-intermediates had to be catalytic and use the most reactive organic molecules to prevent escape of its reaction intermediates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - biosynthesis
KW  - carbonyl group
KW  - diffusion
KW  - kinetics
KW  - metabolism
KW  - molecular evolution
KW  - prebiotic synthesis
KW  - reactivity
KW  - sugar chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 52535167; Weber, Arthur 1; Email Address: aweber@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4 Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p473; Author-Supplied Keyword: biosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbonyl group; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: metabolism; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: reactivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: sugar chemistry; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/B:ORIG.0000043128.30559.fe
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Woodson, Shawn H.
AU  - Chambers, Joseph R.
T1  - Overview of the abrupt wing stall program
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2004/10//
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 40
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
EP  - 452
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: The abrupt wing stall (AWS) program was a 5-year program that addressed the problem of uncommanded, transonic lateral motions, such as wing drop, with experimental, computational, and simulation tools. A brief background is presented as are the motivations and objectives for the AWS program. Since the wing drop discovered in preproduction flight testing for the F/A-18E/F program was the immediate impetus for the AWS project, and since extensive flight data had been gathered, the preproduction F/A-18E configuration was utilized to examine the ability of current computational and wind-tunnel tools to predict such phenomena prior to flight. The scope included both steady and unsteady flow field studies for transonic flight conditions. The AWS program also adapted and assessed a free-to-roll (FTR) wind-tunnel testing technique traditionally used for low-speed studies of lateral dynamic stability for the transonic flow regime. This transonic FTR capability was demonstrated first in a proof-of-concept study and then applied to an investigation of four different aircraft configurations—two that were susceptible to wing drop, the preproduction F/A-18E and the AV-8B, and two that were not, the F/A-18C and the F-16C. Design insights have also been obtained from computational studies of these four aircraft configurations and from computations quantifying the impact of the various geometric wing differences between the F/A-18C and the F/A-18E. Finally, guidance is provided for assessing, in the simulator, the relative impact of experimentally determined lateral aerodynamic data on flight characteristics before going to flight test. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 17343457; Source Information: Oct2004, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p417; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 36p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2004-19012-003
AN  - 2004-19012-003
AU  - Lachter, Joel
AU  - Forster, Kenneth I.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
T1  - Forty-Five Years After Broadbent (1958): Still No Identification Without Attention.
JF  - Psychological Review
JO  - Psychological Review
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 111
IS  - 4
SP  - 880
EP  - 913
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0033-295X
SN  - 1939-1471
AD  - Lachter, Joel, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA, US, 94035
N1  - Accession Number: 2004-19012-003. PMID: 15482066 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Lachter, Joel; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, US. Other Publishers: Macmillan & Company; Psychological Review Company; The Macmillan Company; The Review Publishing Company. Release Date: 20060710. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Print. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Conference Information: Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology annual meeting, Apr-May, 2000, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, US. Conference Note: Portions of this work were previously presented at the aforementioned conference and at the Psychonomics Society annual meetings, New Orleans, Louisiana, November 2000, and Kansas City, Missouri. Major Descriptor: Human Information Storage; Priming; Selective Attention. Classification: Attention (2346). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Literature Review; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 34. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 2004. Publication History: Accepted Date: Oct 6, 2003; Revised Date: Oct 6, 2003; First Submitted Date: Sep 12, 2000. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2004. 
AB  - According to D. E. Broadbent's (1958) selective filter theory, people do not process unattended stimuli beyond the analysis of basic physical properties. This theory was later rejected on the basis of numerous findings that people identify irrelevant (and supposedly unattended) stimuli. A careful review of this evidence, however, reveals strong reasons to doubt that these irrelevant stimuli were in fact unattended. This review exposed a clear need for new experiments with tight control over the locus of attention. The authors present 5 such experiments using a priming paradigm. When steps were taken to ensure that irrelevant stimuli were not attended, these stimuli produced no priming effects. Hence, the authors found no evidence that unattended stimuli can be identified. The results support a modern version of Broadbent's selective theory, updated to reflect recent research advances. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - D.E. Broadbent
KW  - selective filter theory
KW  - unattended stimuli processing
KW  - irrelevent stimuli
KW  - priming effects
KW  - 2004
KW  - Human Information Storage
KW  - Priming
KW  - Selective Attention
DO  - 10.1037/0033-295X.111.4.880
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UR  - jlachter@mail.arc.nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pamadi, Bandu
T1  - Performance, Stability, Dynamics, and Control of Airplanes (Book).
JO  - Aerospace America
JF  - Aerospace America
J1  - Aerospace America
PY  - 2004/10/02/Oct2004 Supplement
Y1  - 2004/10/02/Oct2004 Supplement
VL  - 42
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 4
EP  - 4
SN  - 0740722X
AB  - Reviews the book "Performance, Stability, Dynamics, and Control of Airplanes," Second Edition, by Bandu Panadi.
KW  - PERFORMANCE, Stability, Dynamics & Control of Airplanes (Book)
KW  - PANADI, Bandu
KW  - AIRPLANES in literature
KW  - NONFICTION -- Reviews
N1  - Accession Number: 14745617; Source Information: Oct2004 Supplement, Vol. 42, p4; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE, Stability, Dynamics & Control of Airplanes (Book); Subject Term: PANADI, Bandu; Subject Term: AIRPLANES in literature; Subject Term: NONFICTION -- Reviews; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1/3p; ; Document Type: Book Review; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gatsonis, Nikolaos A.
AU  - Byrne, Lawrence T.
AU  - Zwahlen, Jurg C.
AU  - Pencil, Eric J.
AU  - Kamhawi, Hani
T1  - Current-Mode Triple and Quadruple Langmuir Probe Methods With Applications to Flowing Pulsed Plasmas.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2004/10/02/Oct2004 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2118
EP  - 2129
SN  - 00933813
AB  - A current-mode method for triple and quadruple Langmuir probes was developed and implemented in flowing, pulsed, collisionless plasmas. The current-mode method involves biasing all probe electrodes, and requires the measurement of probe currents providing the electron temperature, the electron density, and the ratio of ion speed to most probable thermal speed. The current-mode theory is developed for a single species, two-temperature, coffisionless plasma. The current collection model for a probe aligned with the flow and radius to Debye length ratios of 5 ≤ rp/&lamda;D ≤ 100 accounts for finite-sheath effects while for rp/&lamda;D > 100, current collection is based on the thin-sheath assumption. The ion current to the perpendicular probe assumes a thin-sheath and is given as a function of the ion speed ratio. The numerical procedure for the solution of the nonlinear current-mode equations, as well sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are presented. The plasma source used in the experiments is a laboratory Teflon pulsed plasma thruster, operating at discharge energies of 5, 20, and 40 J, with a pulse duration of 10-15 μs, ablating 20-50 μg/pulse. Current-mode triple and quadruple probe measurements obtained at various locations in the plume of the plasma source are presented. Extensive comparisons between double probe and current-mode probe measurements validate the new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA frequencies
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - Double probe
KW  - flowing plasma measurements
KW  - pulsed plasma measurements
KW  - quadruple Langmuir probe
KW  - triple Langmuir probe.
N1  - Accession Number: 14894569; Gatsonis, Nikolaos A. 1; Email Address: gatsonis@wpi.edu; Byrne, Lawrence T. 2; Zwahlen, Jurg C. 2; Pencil, Eric J. 3; Kamhawi, Hani 3; Affiliations: 1: Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609 USA.; 2: Busek Company Inc., Natick, MA 01760 USA.; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Issue Info: Oct2004 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p2118; Subject Term: PLASMA frequencies; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Double probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: flowing plasma measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsed plasma measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: quadruple Langmuir probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: triple Langmuir probe.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2004.835520
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, D.D.
AU  - Eisele, F.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Tanner, D.
AU  - Slusher, D.
AU  - Mauldin, L.
AU  - Oncley, S.
AU  - Lenschow, D.
AU  - Semmer, S.
AU  - Shetter, R.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Arimoto, R.
AU  - Hogan, A.
AU  - Grube, P.
AU  - Lazzara, M.
AU  - Bandy, A.
AU  - Thornton, D.
AU  - Berresheim, H.
T1  - An overview of ISCAT 2000
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2004/10/08/
VL  - 38
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 5363
EP  - 5373
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The Investigation of Sulfur Chemistry in the Antarctic Troposphere (ISCAT) took place over the timer period of 15 November to 31 December in the year 2000. The study location was the Amundsen Scott Station in Antarctica. ISCAT 2000 defines the second phase of a program designed to explore tropospheric chemistry in Antarctica. As in 1998, the 2000 ISCAT study revealed a strong oxidizing environment at South Pole (SP). During the 2000 investigation, however, the suite of measurements was greatly expanded. These new measurements established the recycling of reactive nitrogen as a critical component of this unique environment. This paper first presents the historical background leading up to the ISCAT 2000 observations; then it focuses on providing a summary of the year 2000 results and contrasts these with those recorded during 1998. Important developments made during the 2000 study included the recording of SP data for several species being emitted from the snowpack. These included NO, H2O2 and CH2O. In this context, eddy-diffusion flux measurements provided the first quantitative estimates of the SP NO and NOx snow-to-atmosphere fluxes. This study also revealed that HNO3 and HO2NO2 were major sink species for HOx and NOx radicals. And, it identified the critical factors responsible for SP NO levels exceeding those at other polar sites by nearly an order of magnitude. Finally, it reports on the levels of gas phase sulfur species and provides evidence indicating that the absence of DMS at SP is most likely due to its greatly shorten chemical lifetime in the near vicinity of the plateau. It is proposed that this is due to the influence of NO on the distribution of OH in the lower free troposphere over a region that extends well beyond the plateau itself. Details related to each of the above findings plus others can be found in the 11 accompanying Special Issue papers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Sulfur
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - ISCAT
KW  - Overview
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Snow emissions
KW  - South Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 14416102; Davis, D.D. 1; Email Address: dd16@prism.gatech.edu; Eisele, F. 1,2; Chen, G. 1,3; Crawford, J. 3; Huey, G. 1; Tanner, D. 1; Slusher, D. 1; Mauldin, L. 2; Oncley, S. 2; Lenschow, D. 2; Semmer, S. 2; Shetter, R. 2; Lefer, B. 2; Arimoto, R. 4; Hogan, A. 5; Grube, P. 6; Lazzara, M. 7; Bandy, A. 8; Thornton, D. 8; Berresheim, H. 9; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring Research Center, New Mexico State University, Carlsbad, NM 88220, USA; 5: US CRREL, Geochemical Sciences Division, USA; 6: Lyndon State College, Lyndon, VT 08851, USA; 7: Antarctic Meteorological Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 8: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; 9: German Weather Service, Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 38 Issue 32, p5363; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Sulfur; Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISCAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overview; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Pole; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, D.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Buhr, M.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - Lenschow, D.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Shetter, R.
AU  - Eisele, F.
AU  - Mauldin, L.
AU  - Hogan, A.
T1  - South Pole  Chemistry: an assessment of factors controlling variability and absolute levels
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2004/10/08/
VL  - 38
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 5375
EP  - 5388
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Several groups have now shown that snow covered polar areas can lead to the release of  to the atmosphere as a result of the UV photolysis of nitrate ions. Here we focus on a detailed examination of the NO observations recorded at South Pole (SP). Topics explored include: (1) why SP  levels greatly exceed those at other polar sites; (2) what processes are responsible for the observed large day to day NO concentration shifts at SP; and (3) possible explanations for the large variability in NO seen between SP studies in 1998 and 2000. As discussed in the main body of the text, the answer to all three questions lies in the uniqueness of the summertime SP environment. Among these characteristics is the presence of a large plateau region just to the east of SP. This region defines one of the world''s largest air drainage fields, being nearly 1000km across and having elevation of . In addition, summertime SP surface temperatures typically do not exceed , leading to frequent cases where strong near surface temperature inversions occur. It experiences 24h of continuous sunlight, giving rise to non-stop photochemical reactions both within the snowpack and in the atmosphere. The latter chemistry is unique at SP in that increasing levels of  lead to an enhanced lifetime for , thereby producing non-linear increases in . In addition, the rapid atmospheric oxidation of , in conjunction with very rapid dry deposition of the products ( and ), results in a very efficient recycling of  back to the snowpack. Details concerning these unique SP characteristics and the extension of these findings to the greater plateau region are discussed. Finally, the relationship of  recycling and total nitrogen deposition to the plateau is explored. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrates
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Temperature
KW  - South Pole
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - ISCAT
KW  - NO
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - snow emissions
N1  - Accession Number: 14416103; Davis, D.; Email Address: douglas.davis@eas.gatech.edu; Chen, G. 1; Buhr, M. 2; Crawford, J. 1; Lenschow, D. 3; Lefer, B. 3; Shetter, R. 3; Eisele, F. 3; Mauldin, L. 3; Hogan, A. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Sonoma Tech and Air Quality Design, Golden, CO, USA; 3: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: Retired, formerly at US CRREL, Geochemical Sciences Division, USA; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 38 Issue 32, p5375; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject: South Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISCAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow emissions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Davis, D.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - Hutterli, L.M.
AU  - Huey, L.G.
AU  - Slusher, D.
AU  - Mauldin, L.
AU  - Eisele, F.
AU  - Tanner, D.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Buhr, M.
AU  - McConnell, J.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Shetter, R.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Song, C.H.
AU  - Lombardi, K.
AU  - Arnoldy, J.
T1  - A reassessment of HOx South Pole chemistry based on observations recorded during ISCAT 2000
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2004/10/08/
VL  - 38
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 5451
EP  - 5461
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Reported here are modeling results based on ISCAT (Investigation of Sulfur Chemistry of Antarctic Troposphere) 2000 observations recorded at the South Pole (SP) during the Austral Summer of 2000. The observations included a comprehensive set of photochemical parameters, e.g., NO, O3, and CO. It is worthy to note that not only were OH and HO2 observed, but also HOx precursor species CH2O, H2O2, and HONO were measured. Previous studies have suggested that HONO is the major source of OH/HOx in the Arctic; however, observed HONO levels at SP induced dramatic model overprediction of both HOx and NOx when used to constrain the model calculations. In contrast, model predictions constrained by observed values of CH2O and H2O2 are consistent with the observations of OH and HO2 (i.e., within 20%) for more than half of the data. Significant model overpredictions of OH, however, were seen at the NO levels lower than 50 pptv or higher than 150 pptv. An analysis of HOx budget at the median NO level suggests that snow emissions of H2O2 and CH2O are the single most important primary source of SP HOx, contributing 46% to the total source. Major sinks for HOx are found to be dry deposition of HO2NO2 and HNO3 as well as their reactions with OH. Although ISCAT 2000 led to a major progress in our understanding of SP HOx chemistry, critical aspects of this chemistry are still in need of further investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chemistry
KW  - Snow
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - South Pole
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - HOx
KW  - ISCAT
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Snow emissions
N1  - Accession Number: 14416109; Chen, G. 1,2; Email Address: gao.chen-1@nasa.gov; Davis, D. 1; Crawford, J. 2; Hutterli, L.M. 3; Huey, L.G. 1; Slusher, D. 1; Mauldin, L. 4; Eisele, F. 4; Tanner, D. 1; Dibb, J. 5; Buhr, M. 1; McConnell, J. 6; Lefer, B. 3; Shetter, R. 3; Blake, D. 7; Song, C.H.; Lombardi, K. 1; Arnoldy, J. 1; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 4: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Ocean, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA; 6: Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA; 7: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 38 Issue 32, p5451; Thesaurus Term: Chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Snow; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject: South Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: HOx; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISCAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow emissions; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.07.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Marjory
T1  - Networking for the earth sciences.
JO  - Computer Networks
JF  - Computer Networks
Y1  - 2004/10/22/
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 298
SN  - 13891286
AB  - For delete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Networks is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 14777549; Johnson, Marjory 1; Email Address: mjj@riacs.edu; Affiliations: 1: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p295; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER networks; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION technology; Thesaurus Term: DATA transmission systems; Thesaurus Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.comnet.2004.07.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Marjory
AU  - Freeman, Kenneth
AU  - Gilstrap, Raymond
AU  - Beck, Richard
T1  - Networking technologies enable advances in Earth Science.
JO  - Computer Networks
JF  - Computer Networks
Y1  - 2004/10/22/
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 435
SN  - 13891286
AB  - This paper describes an experiment to prototype a new way of conducting science by applying networking and distributed computing technologies to an Earth Science application. A combination of satellite, wireless, and terrestrial networking provided geologists at a remote field site with interactive access to supercomputer facilities at two NASA centers, thus enabling them to validate and calibrate remotely sensed geological data in near real time. This represents a fundamental shift in the way that Earth scientists analyze remotely sensed data. In this paper we describe the experi- ment and the network infrastructure that enabled it, analyze the data flow during the experiment, and discuss the scientific impact of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Networks is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Earth Science application
KW  - Field experiment
KW  - NREN
KW  - Portable satellite dish
N1  - Accession Number: 14777557; Johnson, Marjory 1; Email Address: mjj@riacs.edu; Freeman, Kenneth 2; Gilstrap, Raymond 2; Beck, Richard 3; Affiliations: 1: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA; 3: Department of Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Issue Info: Oct2004, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p423; Thesaurus Term: DATA transmission systems; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION technology; Thesaurus Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER networks; Thesaurus Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Science application; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field experiment; Author-Supplied Keyword: NREN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Portable satellite dish; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.comnet.2004.06.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stole, Viktor
AU  - Gauhar, Zareen
AU  - Mason, Christopher
AU  - Halasz, Gabor
AU  - van Batenburg, Marinus F.
AU  - Rifkin, Scott A.
AU  - Hua, Sujun
AU  - Herreman, Tine
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Barbano, Paolo Emilio
AU  - Bussemaker, Harmen J.
AU  - White, Kevin P.
T1  - A Gene Expression Map for the Euchromatic Genome of Drosophila melanogaster.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/10/22/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5696
M3  - Article
SP  - 655
EP  - 660
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We used a maskless photolithography method to produce DNA oligonucleotide microarrays with unique probe sequences tiled throughout the genome of Drosophila melanogaster and across predicted splice junctions. RNA expression of protein coding and nonprotein coding sequences was determined for each major stage of the life cycle, including adult males and females. We detected transcriptional activity for 93% of annotated genes and RNA expression for 41% of the probes in intronic and intergenic sequences. Comparison to genome-wide RNA interference data and to gene annotations revealed distinguishable levels of expression for different classes of genes and higher levels of expression for genes with essential cellular functions. Differential splicing was observed in about 40% of predicted genes, and 5440 previously unknown splice forms were detected. Genes within conserved regions of synteny with D. pseudoobscura had highly correlated expression; these regions ranged in length from 10 to 900 kilobase pairs. The expressed intergenic and intronic sequences are more likely to be evolutionarily conserved than nonexpressed ones, and about 15% of them appear to be developmentally regulated. Our results provide a draft expression map for the entire nonrepetitive genome, which reveals a much more extensive and diverse set of expressed sequences than was previously predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photolithography
KW  - Oligonucleotides
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - DNA
KW  - Gene expression
KW  - Proteins
N1  - Accession Number: 14884263; Stole, Viktor 1,2; Gauhar, Zareen 1,3; Mason, Christopher 3; Halasz, Gabor 4; van Batenburg, Marinus F. 4,5; Rifkin, Scott A. 3,6; Hua, Sujun 3; Herreman, Tine 3; Tongprasit, Waraporn 7; Barbano, Paolo Emilio 3,8; Bussemaker, Harmen J. 4,9; White, Kevin P. 3,6; Email Address: kevin.white@yale.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.; 2: Genome Research Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 3: Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.; 4: Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.; 5: Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, Netherlands.; 6: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.; 7: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA.; 8: Department of Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.; 9: Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.; Issue Info: 10/22/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5696, p655; Subject Term: Photolithography; Subject Term: Oligonucleotides; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: Gene expression; Subject Term: Proteins; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4615
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levrard, Benjamin
AU  - Forget, François
AU  - Montmessin, Franck
AU  - Laskar, Jacques
T1  - Recent ice-rich deposits formed at high latitudes on Mars by sublimation of unstable equatorial ice during low obliquity.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2004/10/28/
VL  - 431
IS  - 7012
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1075
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Observations from the gamma-ray spectrometer instrument suite on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft have been interpreted as indicating the presence of vast reservoirs of near-surface ice in high latitudes of both martian hemispheres. Ice concentrations are estimated to range from 70 per cent at 60° latitude to 100 per cent near the poles, possibly overlain by a few centimetres of ice-free material in most places. This result is supported by morphological evidence of metres-thick layered deposits that are rich in water-ice and periglacial-like features found only at high latitudes. Diffusive exchange of water between the pore space of the regolith and the atmosphere has been proposed to explain this distribution, but such a degree of concentration is difficult to accommodate with such processes. Alternatively, there are suggestions that ice-rich deposits form by transport of ice from polar reservoirs and direct redeposition in high latitudes during periods of higher obliquity, but these results have been difficult to reproduce with other models. Here we propose instead that, during periods of low obliquity (less than 25°), high-latitude ice deposits form in both hemispheres by direct deposition of ice, as a result of sublimation from an equatorial ice reservoir that formed earlier, during a prolonged high-obliquity excursion. Using the ice accumulation rates estimated from global climate model simulations we show that, over the past ten million years, large variations of Mars' obliquity have allowed the formation of such metres-thick, sedimentary layered deposits in high latitude and polar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Latitude
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Gamma rays
KW  - Polar regions
N1  - Accession Number: 14836576; Levrard, Benjamin 1; Email Address: blevrard@imcce.fr; Forget, François 2; Montmessin, Franck 3; Laskar, Jacques 1; Affiliations: 1: Astronomie et Systèmes Dynamiques, IMC-CNRS UMR8028, 77 Avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France; 2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université Paris VI, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; 3: Space Science Division MS 245-3, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 10/28/2004, Vol. 431 Issue 7012, p1072; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Latitude; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Gamma rays; Subject: Polar regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03055
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=14836576&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dhaniyala, S.
AU  - Wennberg, P.
AU  - Flagan, R.
AU  - Fahey, D.
AU  - Northway, M.
AU  - Gao, R.
AU  - Bui, T.
T1  - Stratospheric Aerosol Sampling: Effect of a Blunt-Body Housing on Inlet Sampling Characteristics.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 38
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1080
EP  - 1090
SN  - 02786826
AB  - During a campaign to study ozone loss mechanisms in the Arctic stratosphere (SOLVE), several instruments on NASA's ER-2 aircraft observed a very low number density (0.1 l-1) of large, nitric-acid-containing particles that form the polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). For effective physical and chemical characterization of these particles, the measurements from these instruments have to be intercompared and integrated. In particular, proper interpretation requires knowledge of the sampling characteristics of the particles into the instruments. Here, we present the calculation of the sampling characteristics of the one of the instruments on the ER-2, the NOAA NOy instrument. This instrument sampled ambient particles and gas from two forward-facing inlets located fore and aft on a particle-separation housing (the football) and measured total NOy in the sample. In recent studies, ambient aerosol mass has been estimated by the difference of the measurements of the two inlets with the assumption that the rear inlet observations represent the gas-phase NOy and small particles and the front inlet samples represent gas-phase NOy and all particle sizes with varied efficiency (anisokinetic sampling). This knowledge was derived largely from semiempirical relations and potential flow studies of the housing. In our study, we used CFD simulations to model the compressible flow conditions and considered noncontinuum effects in calculating particle trajectories. Our simulations show that the blunt body housing the inlets has a strong and complex interaction with the flow and particles sampled by the two inlets. The simulations show that the front inlet characteristics are influenced by the effect of the blunt body on the upstream pressure field. The rear inlet sampling characteristics are influenced both by the shape and size of the inlet and its location on the blunt body. These interactions result in calculated inlet characteristics that are significantly different from previously assumed values. Analysis of the SOLVE data, considering the ambient conditions and the calculated inlet sampling characteristics, in conjunction with thermodynamic growth modeling of super-cooled ternary solution (STS) particles, provides validation of the CFD results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Nitric acid
N1  - Accession Number: 15314454; Dhaniyala, S. 1; Email Address: sdhaniya@clarkson.edu; Wennberg, P. 2; Flagan, R. 3; Fahey, D. 4; Northway, M.; Gao, R. 5; Bui, T. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA.; 2: Divisions of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.; 3: Division of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.; 4: NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 5: NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Issue Info: Nov2004, Vol. 38 Issue 11, p1080; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Pressure; Subject Term: Nitric acid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/027868290885818
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reeder, James R.
AU  - Demarco, Kevin
AU  - Whitley, Karen S.
T1  - The use of doubler reinforcement in delamination toughness testing
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 35
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1337
EP  - 1344
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - In this paper, the data reduction equations for common delamination toughness tests are re-derived for use with specimens which have bonded doublers. The common toughness tests considered here are the double cantilever beam for mode I toughness; the end notch flexure (3ENF) and 4-point ENF (4ENF) for mode II toughness; and the mixed-mode bending test for testing under combined mode I and mode II loading. Because the addition of the doublers changes the bending stiffness of the specimens, these data reduction equations may need to be corrected. Doublers were added to the delamination test specimens to solve a premature failure problem. Delamination toughness is normally tested using a beam with an imbedded insert so that one end of the specimen is split into two arms. If the specimen is too thin, or if the toughness of the material is too high, an arm of the specimen may fail in bending before the delamination grows. When this occurs, the toughness of the material cannot be determined. To delay the bending failure so that delamination growth occurs, doubler plates were bonded to both top and bottom surfaces of the specimen. A doubler parameter, <f>β,</f> which describes how much the use of doubler plates changed the ratio of full thickness to delaminated bending stiffnesses, was defined. When changes to the data reduction equations were required, the changes were minor when written in terms of the <f>β</f> parameter. The doubler plate technique was demonstrated by measuring the mixed-mode fracture toughness of a carbon–carbon composite using test specimens which would otherwise have failed before delamination growth occurred. The doubler plate technique may solve several problems that can be encountered when testing delamination fracture toughness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - CARBON
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
KW  - B. Delamination
KW  - B. Fracture toughness
KW  - Composite
N1  - Accession Number: 14312068; Reeder, James R. 1; Email Address: j.r.reeder@larc.nasa.gov; Demarco, Kevin 2; Whitley, Karen S. 1; Affiliations: 1: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; 2: Swales Aerospace Corp., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2004, Vol. 35 Issue 11, p1337; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.02.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knowlton, Kim
AU  - Rosenthal, Joyce E.
AU  - Hogrefe, Christian
AU  - Lynn, Barry
AU  - Gaffin, Stuart
AU  - Goldberg, Richard
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
AU  - Kevin3Civerolo
AU  - Ku, Jia-veong
AU  - Kinney, Patrick L.
T1  - Assessing Ozone-Related Health Impacts under a Changing Climate.
JO  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF  - Environmental Health Perspectives
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 112
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1557
EP  - 1563
PB  - Superintendent of Documents
SN  - 00916765
AB  - Climate change may increase the frequency and intensity of ozone episodes in future summers in the United States. However, only recently have models become available that can assess the impact of climate change on O3 concentrations and health effects at regional and local scales that are relevant to adaptive planning. We developed and applied an integrated modeling framework to assess potential O3-related health impacts in future decades under a changing climate. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Institute fin Space Studies global climate model at 4° × 5° resolution was linked to the Penn State/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model 5 and the Community Multiscale Air Quality atmospheric chemistry model at 36 km horizontal grid resolution to simulate hourly regional meteorology and O3 in five summers of the 2050s decade across the 31-county New York metropolitan region. We assessed changes in O3-related impacts on summer mortality resulting from climate change alone and with climate change superimposed on changes in O3 precursor emissions and population growth. Considering climate change alone, there was a median 4.5% increase in O3-related acute mortality across the 31 counties. Incorporating O3 precursor emission increases along with climate change yielded similar results. When population growth was factored into the projections, absolute impacts increased substantially. Counties with the highest percent increases in projected O3 mortality spread beyond the urban core into less densely populated suburban counties. This modeling framework provides a potentially useful new tool for assessing the health risks of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of Superintendent of Documents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Population
KW  - Demography
KW  - Health risk assessment
KW  - air pollution
KW  - climate change
KW  - global warming
KW  - mortality
KW  - ozone.
N1  - Accession Number: 14944383; Knowlton, Kim 1; Email Address: kmk47@colurnbia.edu; Rosenthal, Joyce E. 1; Hogrefe, Christian 2; Lynn, Barry 3; Gaffin, Stuart 3; Goldberg, Richard 3; Rosenzweig, Cynthia 4; Kevin3Civerolo 5; Ku, Jia-veong 5; Kinney, Patrick L. 1; Affiliations: 1: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;; 2: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA;; 3: Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, New York, USA;; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA;; 5: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Bureau of Air Research, Albany, New York, USA; Issue Info: Nov2004, Vol. 112 Issue 15, p1557; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Population; Thesaurus Term: Demography; Thesaurus Term: Health risk assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 1O.1289/ehp.7163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levy, Robert C.
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Kaufman, Yoram J.
T1  - Effects of Neglecting Polarization on the MODIS Aerosol Retrieval Over Land.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2576
EP  - 2583
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Reflectance measurements in the visible and infrared wavelengths, from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS), are used to derive aerosol optical thicknesses (AOTs) and aerosol properties over ocean and land surfaces, separately. Both algorithms employ radiative transfer (RT) code to create lookup tables, simulating the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance measured by the satellite. Whereas the algorithm over ocean uses a vector RT code that includes the effects of atmospheric polarization, the algorithm over land assumes scalar UT, thus neglecting polarization effects. In the red (0.66 μm) and infrared (2.12 μm) MODIS channels, scattering by molecules (Rayleigh scattering) is minimal. In these bands, the use of a scalar RT code is of sufficient accuracy to model TOA reflectance. However, in the blue (0.47 μm), the presence of larger Rayleigh scattering (optical thickness approaching 0.2) results in nonnegligible polarization. The absolute difference between vector-and scalar-calculated TOA reflectance, even in the presence of depolarizing aerosols, is large enough to lead to substantial errors in retrieved AOT. Using RT code that allows for both vector and scalar calculations, we examine the reflectance differences at the TOA, assuming discrete loadings of continental-type aerosol. We find that the differences in blue channel TOA reflectance (vector-scalar) may be greater than 0.01 such that errors in derived AOT may be greater than 0.1. Errors may be positive or negative, depending on the specific geometry, and tend to cancel out when averages over a large enough sample of satellite geometry. Thus, the neglect of polarization introduces little error into global and long-term averages, yet can produce very large errors on smaller scales and individual retrievals. As a result of this study, a future version of aerosol retrieval from MODIS over land will include polarization within the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - land
KW  - Moderate Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS)
KW  - polarization
KW  - radiative transfer.
N1  - Accession Number: 15252210; Levy, Robert C. 1,2,3; Email Address: levy@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; Remer, Lorraine A. 2; Email Address: remer@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; Kaufman, Yoram J. 2; Email Address: kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20771 USA.; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheres, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 3: Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.; Issue Info: Nov2004, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2576; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: land; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer.; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.837336
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Lin, Bin
AU  - Young, David F.
T1  - Application of Deep Convective Cloud Albedo Observation to Satellite-Based Study of the Terrestrial Atmosphere: Monitoring the Stability of Spaceborne Measurements and Assessing Absorption Anomaly.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2594
EP  - 2599
SN  - 01962892
AB  - An objective method is developed to monitor the stability of spaceborne instruments, aimed at distinguishing climate trend from instrument drift in satellite-based climate observation records. This method is based on four-years of Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) broadband observations of deep convective cloud systems with cloud-top temperature lower than 205 K and with large optical depths. The implementation of this method to the CERES instrument stability analysis reveals that the monthly albedo distributions are practically the same for deep convective clouds with CERES measurements acquired from both the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Terra satellite platforms, indicating that CERES instruments are well calibrated and stable during both missions. Furthermore, with a nonlinear regression neural network narrowband-broadband conversion, this instrument-stability monitoring method can also be applied to narrowband instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). The results show that the drifts associated with both VIRS and MODIS instruments are less than 1% during a four-year period. Since the CERES albedo measurements are highly accurate, the absorptance of these opaque clouds can be reliably estimated. The absorptions of these clouds from observations are around 25%, whereas the absorptions from theory can be as low as 18%, depending on ice cloud microphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in surveying
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - EARTH (Planet) -- Surface -- Optical properties
KW  - Absorption anomaly
KW  - albedo
KW  - deep convective cloud
KW  - instrument stability
KW  - radiative transfer.
N1  - Accession Number: 15252212; Hu, Yongxiang 1; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov; Wielicki, Bruce A. 2; Email Address: bruce.a.wielicki @nasa.gov; Yang, Ping 3; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu; Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W. 1; Lin, Bin 1; Young, David F. 1; Affiliations: 1: Radiation and Aerosols Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; 2: Atmospheric Sciences Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.; Issue Info: Nov2004, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2594; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in surveying; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet) -- Surface -- Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption anomaly; Author-Supplied Keyword: albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep convective cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrument stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer.; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834765
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raney, David L.
AU  - Slominskit, Eric C.
T1  - Mechanization and Control Concepts for Biologically Inspired Micro Air Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
Y1  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1257
EP  - 1265
SN  - 00218669
AB  - It is possible that micro air vehicle (MAV) designs of the future will exploit flapping flight to perform missions that require extreme agility, such as rapid flight beneath a forest canopy or within the confines of a building. Many of nature's most agile fliers generate flapping motions through resonant excitation of an aeroelastically tailored structure: muscle tissue is used to excite a vibratory mode of their flexible wing structure that creates propulsion and lift. A number of micro air vehicle concepts have been proposed that would operate in a similar fashion. An ongoing research activity is described in which mechanization and control concepts with application to resonant flapping MAVs are being explored. Structural approaches, mechanical design, sensing, and wingbeat control concepts inspired by hummingbirds, bats, and insects are examined. Experimental results from a testbed capable of generating vibratory wingbeat patterns that approximately match those exhibited by hummingbirds in hover, cruise, and reverse flight are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - INDUSTRIAL efficiency
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - MOTOR ability
KW  - INDUSTRIAL equipment
N1  - Accession Number: 15829535; Source Information: Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1257; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL efficiency; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: MOTOR ability; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL equipment; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saephan, S.
AU  - Van Dam, C. P.
AU  - Fremaux, C. M.
AU  - DalBello, T.
T1  - Simulation of Flow About Rotating Forebodies at High Angles of Attack.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
Y1  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1298
EP  - 1305
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver is used to predict the forces and moments on forebody models at high angle-of-attack rotary conditions. Cases simulated using either a circular or square ogive at an angle of attack of 60 deg, freestream Mach number of 0.21, and Reynolds number based on body diameter of approximately two million are presented and compared against wind-tunnel data from rotary testing on generic forebody models conducted by NASA Langley Research Center and the Defence Research Agency in the United Kingdom. The simulations provide insight into the flow characteristics at steady rotary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
N1  - Accession Number: 15829539; Source Information: Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1298; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malik, M. R.
AU  - Lin, R.-S.
T1  - Transition Prediction on the Slat of a High-Lift System.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
Y1  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1384
EP  - 1392
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In this paper, a transition prediction approach for the slat of a high-lift system is presented. Accurate mean flows over a multi-element airfoil at various angles of attack have been calculated by using a Navier-Stokes code. Linear parabolized stability equations have been used to analyze these mean flows and to generate the database for simplified transition prediction correlations. The slat transition prediction module, constituting these correlations, is then used to analyze low-disturbance wind-tunnel data for transition onset in the slat boundary layer. Good agreement is found when Ntr = 9 is used as the transition criterion for the two-dimensional flow on the slat of a three-element high-lift system for a range of angle of attack. Comparison of velocity profiles from Navier-Stokes and boundary-layer computations indicates significant departure from the assumptions associated with the first-order boundary-layer theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MODEL airplanes -- Wings
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
N1  - Accession Number: 15829549; Source Information: Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1384; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes -- Wings; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 14 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, D.
AU  - McAlister, K. W.
AU  - Tso, T.
T1  - Control of VR-7 Dynamic Stall by Strong Steady Blowing.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
Y1  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1404
EP  - 1413
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An experiment was performed in a water tunnel on a Boeing-Vertol VR-7 airfoil to study the effects of tangential blowing over the upper surface. Blowing was applied at the quarter-chord location during sinusoidal pitching oscillations described by α = αm + 10 deg sin ωt. Results were obtained for a Reynolds number of 1 x 105, mean angles of 10 and 15 deg, reduced frequencies ranging from 0.005 to 0.15, and blowing rates from Cμ = 0.16 to 0.66. Unsteady lift, drag, and pitching moment loads are reported, along with fluorescent-dye flow visualizations. Strong steady blowing was found to prevent the bursting of the leading-edge separation bubble at several test points. When this occurred, the lift was increased significantly, stall was averted, and the shape of the moment response showed a positive damping in pitch. In almost all cases, steady blowing reduced the hysteresis amplitudes present in the loads, but the benefits diminished as the reduced frequency and mean angle of oscillation increased. A limited number of pulsed blowing cases indicated that for low blowing rates, the greatest gains were achieved at F+ = 0.9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - WATER tunnels
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MODEL airplanes -- Wings
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 15829551; Source Information: Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1404; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: WATER tunnels; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes -- Wings; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, R. Brett
AU  - Grimsley, Brian W.
AU  - Inman, Daniel J.
AU  - Wilkie, W. Keats
T1  - Manufacturing and Cure Kinetics Modeling for Macro Fiber Composite Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 1741
EP  - 1754
AB  - The use of piezoelectric ceramic materials for structural actuation is a fairly well-developed practice that has found use in a wide variety of applications. However, just as advanced composites offer many benefits over traditional engineering materials for structural design, actuators that utilize the active properties of piezoelectric fibers can improve upon many of the limitations encountered with monolithic piezoceramic devices used to control structural dynamics. This paper discusses the Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator, which utilizes piezoceramic fibers, for example, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), embedded in an epoxy matrix for structural actuation. An overview of the MFC assembly process is presented, followed by a cure kinetics model that describes the behavior of the thermosetting epoxy matrix. This empirical model is seen to agree closely with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - cure kinetics
KW  - DSC
KW  - macro fiber composite
KW  - manufacturing
N1  - Accession Number: 17272372; Williams, R. Brett 1; Email Address: rowilli6@vt.edu; Grimsley, Brian W. 2; Inman, Daniel J. 3; Wilkie, W. Keats 4; Source Information: 2004, Vol. 23 Issue 16, p1741; Subject: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject: PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics; Subject: CERAMICS; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MATERIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cure kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSC; Author-Supplied Keyword: macro fiber composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684404040171
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaofan Li
AU  - Finkbeiner, Joshua
AU  - Raman, Ganesh
AU  - Daniels, Christopher
AU  - Steinetz, Bruce M.
T1  - Optimized shapes of oscillating resonators for generating high-amplitude pressure waves.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 116
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2814
EP  - 2821
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Several studies have proved that the geometry of an oscillating acoustic resonator strongly influences its resonance frequencies and the nonlinear standing pressure waveform generated within the cavity. The research presented herein uses a quasi-one-dimensional numerical model to solve the acoustic field and is validated by comparing with experimental results. A quasi-Newton type numerical scheme is used to optimize the axisymmetric cavity contour by maximizing the pressure compression ratio, defined as the ratio of maximum to minimum gas pressure at one end of the oscillating resonator. Cone, horn-cone, and cosine resonator contours are each optimized for a fixed amplitude of the periodic external force oscillating the cavity. Different optimized shapes are found when starting with different initial guesses, indicating multiple local extrema. The maximum pressure compression ratio value of 48 is found in an optimized horn-cone shape. This represents a 241% increase in the compression ratio over any previously published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - RESONATORS
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20548813; Xiaofan Li 1; Email Address: lix@iit.edu; Finkbeiner, Joshua 2; Raman, Ganesh 2; Daniels, Christopher 3; Steinetz, Bruce M. 4; Affiliations: 1 : Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616; 2 : Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616; 3 : University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325; 4 : NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135;  Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 116 Issue 5, p2814; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: RESONATORS; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.1810139
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelker, A. G.
AU  - Joshi, S. M.
T1  - Control of Elastic Systems via Passivity-Based Methods.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1699
EP  - 1735
SN  - 10775463
AB  - In this paper we present a controller synthesis approach for elastic systems based on the mathematical concept of passivity. For nonlinear and linear elastic systems that are inherently passive, robust control laws are presented that guarantee stability. Examples of such systems include flexible structures with collocated and compatible actuators and sensors, and multibody space-based robotic manipulators. For linear elastic systems that are not inherently passive, methods are presented for rendering them passive by compensation. The "passified" systems can then be robustly controlled by a class of passive linear controllers that guarantee stability despite uncertainties an, d inaccuracies in the mathematical models. The controller synthesis approach is demonstrated by application to five different types of elastic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - FLEXIBLE structures
KW  - dissipative systems
KW  - elastic systems
KW  - passivity
KW  - robust control
KW  - Vibration control
N1  - Accession Number: 15288235; Kelker, A. G. 1; Joshi, S. M. 2; Source Information: Nov2004, Vol. 10 Issue 11, p1699; Subject: ELASTICITY; Subject: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject: AUTOMATIC control; Subject: FLEXIBLE structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: dissipative systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: elastic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: passivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibration control; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 29 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1077546304042066
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Towner, M.C.
AU  - Patel, M.R.
AU  - Ringrose, T.J.
AU  - Zarnecki, J.C.
AU  - Pullan, D.
AU  - Sims, M.R.
AU  - Haapanala, S.
AU  - Harri, A.-M.
AU  - Polkko, J.
AU  - Wilson, C.F.
AU  - Zent, A.P.
AU  - Quinn, R.C.
AU  - Grunthaner, F.J.
AU  - Hecht, M.H.
AU  - Garry, J.R.C.
T1  - The Beagle 2 environmental sensors: science goals and instrument description
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 52
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1141
EP  - 1156
SN  - 00320633
AB  - A suite of instruments on the Beagle 2 Mars lander was designed and built in order to investigate the environmental conditions at the landing site. The sensor suite was capable of measuring air temperature at two heights, surface level pressure, wind speed and direction, saltated particle momentum, UV flux (diffuse and direct at five wavelengths), the total accumulated radiation dose and investigating the nature of the oxidising environment. The scientific goals of the instruments are discussed within the context of current understanding of the environmental conditions on Mars, and the instruments themselves are described in detail. Beagle 2 landed on Mars in late 2003, as part of the ESA Mars Express mission. The expected lifetime of the lander on the surface was 180 sols, with a landing site in Isidis Planitia, but has not responded to attempts to contact it, and has now been declared lost. The Environmental Sensor Suite (ESS) was intended to monitor and characterise the current local meteorological parameters, investigating specific areas of scientific interest raised from previous missions, most notably dust transport and transient phenomena, and additionally to add context to the conditions that any possible martian micro-organisms would have to face. The design of the instrument suite was strongly influenced by mass limitations, with eight sensor subsystems having a total mass of approximately 100g. Although Beagle 2 has been now declared lost, the scientific goals of an Environmental Sensors Suite still remain a valid target for any future astrobiology orientated missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Space biology
KW  - Space sciences
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - Environment
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 14958163; Towner, M.C.; Email Address: m.c.towner@open.ac.uk; Patel, M.R. 1; Ringrose, T.J. 1; Zarnecki, J.C. 1; Pullan, D. 2; Sims, M.R. 2; Haapanala, S. 3; Harri, A.-M. 3; Polkko, J. 3; Wilson, C.F. 4; Zent, A.P. 5; Quinn, R.C. 6; Grunthaner, F.J. 7; Hecht, M.H. 7; Garry, J.R.C. 8; Affiliations: 1: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK; 2: Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK; 3: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Geophysical Research Division, P.O. BOX 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland; 4: Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; 7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 8: SCM/Astrobiology group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, Postbox 9502, Leiden, RA 2300, Netherlands; Issue Info: Nov2004, Vol. 52 Issue 13, p1141; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Space biology; Subject Term: Space sciences; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2004.07.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hwang, Danny
T1  - Review of research into the concept of the microblowing technique for turbulent skin friction reduction
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2004/11//
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 40
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 559
EP  - 575
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: A new technology for reducing turbulent skin friction, called the Microblowing Technique (MBT), is presented. Results from proof-of-concept experiments show that this technology could potentially reduce turbulent skin friction by more than 50% of the skin friction of a solid flat plate for subsonic and supersonic flow conditions. The primary purpose of this review paper is to provide readers with information on the turbulent skin friction reduction obtained from many experiments using the MBT. Although the MBT has a penalty for obtaining the microblowing air associated with it, some combinations of the MBT with suction boundary layer control methods are an attractive alternative for a real application. Several computational simulations to understand the flow physics of the MBT are also included. More experiments and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) computations are needed for the understanding of the unsteady flow nature of the MBT and the optimization of this new technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17612532; Source Information: Nov2004, Vol. 40 Issue 8, p559; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 17p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.01.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeLaurentis, Dan
AU  - Callaway, Robert K.
T1  - A System-of-Systems Perspective for Public Policy Decisions.
JO  - Review of Policy Research
JF  - Review of Policy Research
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 829
EP  - 837
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 1541132X
AB  - Problems of increasing complexity are facing decision makers within government and industry, and the key characteristic of these problems is that they are of system-of-systems type. With multiple, heterogeneous, distributed systems involved (including policies and economies as well as technologies), effective analysis for decision-support quickly becomes unmanageable within the“stovepipe” context that still characterizes many organizations in the research and development community. There is not a process/field of study in place that can enable us to systematically solve these types of problems, exemplified by the Next Generation Transportation System. While indeed numerous tools are available to help, they cannot be used effectively because the people who build and understand the tools all speak different languages. Much confusion still remains about words and phrases for system-of-systems type problems, let alone the best modeling approaches for dealing with them. While pockets of organizational restructuring may address this challenge for particular projects, there is a lack of systematic thinking at the basic level about how to address the challenges. This paper recommends that intellectual, financial, and institutional resources be invested for the purpose of initiating and nurturing a field of study that will enable us to better address this important type of problem. The future of transportation serves as a motivating example of a multidomain, system-of-systems problem of critical importance to the nation and in need of effective decision-support. The analogy of creating better maps and“navigation aids” for decision makers will be employed, emphasizing that, when navigating a minefield, knowing where not to go is the key factor in successfully traversing the terrain (i.e., making wise decisions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Policy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - TRANSPORTATION
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - POLITICAL planning
KW  - LANGUAGE & languages
N1  - Accession Number: 14928184; DeLaurentis, Dan 1; Callaway, Robert K. 2; Affiliations: 1: Purdue University, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics; 2: NASA Ames Research Center and Potomac Institute for Policy Studies; Issue Info: Nov2004, Vol. 21 Issue 6, p829; Thesaurus Term: DECISION making; Thesaurus Term: TRANSPORTATION; Thesaurus Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: POLITICAL planning; Subject Term: LANGUAGE & languages; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2004.00111.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Diaz, Al
T1  - The Future of NASA.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/11/12/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5699
M3  - Letter
SP  - 1133
EP  - 1133
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor about the future of National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Aeronautics
N1  - Accession Number: 15178574; Diaz, Al 1; Affiliations: 1: Assistant Administrator for Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 300 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA.; Issue Info: 11/12/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5699, p1133; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Aeronautics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 264
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, D. D.
AU  - Tobin, D. C.
AU  - Clough, S. A.
AU  - Brown, P. D.
AU  - Ellingson, R. G.
AU  - Mlawer, E. J.
AU  - Knuteson, R. O.
AU  - Revercomb, H. E.
AU  - Shippert, T. R.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Shephard, M. W.
T1  - The QME AERI LBLRTM: A Closure Experiment for Downwelling High Spectral Resolution Infrared Radiance.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2004/11/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 2657
EP  - 2675
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Research funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program has led to significant improvements in longwave radiative transfer modeling over the last decade. These improvements, which have generally come in small incremental changes, were made primarily in the water vapor self- and foreign-broadened continuum and the water vapor absorption line parameters. These changes, when taken as a whole, result in up to a 6 W m-2 improvement in the modeled clear-sky downwelling longwave radiative flux at the surface and significantly better agreement with spectral observations. This paper provides an overview of the history of ARM with regard to clear-sky longwave radiative transfer, and analyzes remaining related uncertainties in the ARM state-of-the-art Line-by-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM). A quality measurement experiment (QME) for the downwelling infrared radiance at the ARM Southern Great Plains site has been ongoing since 1994. This experiment has three objectives: 1) to validate and improve the absorption models and spectral line parameters used in line-by-line radiative transfer models, 2) to assess the ability to define the atmospheric state, and 3) to assess the quality of the radiance observations that serve as ground truth for the model. Analysis of data from 1994 to 1997 made significant contributions to optimizing the QME, but is limited by small but significant uncertainties and deficiencies in the atmospheric state and radiance observations. This paper concentrates on the analysis of QME data from 1998 to 2001, wherein the data have been carefully selected to address the uncertainties in the 1994–97 dataset. Analysis of this newer dataset suggests that the representation of self-broadened water vapor continuum absorption is 3%–8% too strong in the 750–1000 cm-1 region. The dataset also provides information on the accuracy of the self- and foreign-broadened continuum absorption in the 1100–1300 cm-1 region. After accounting for these changes, remaining differences in modeled and observed downwelling clear-sky fluxes are less than 1.5 W m-2 over a wide range of atmospheric states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - United States. Dept. of Energy
N1  - Accession Number: 15206351; Turner, D. D. 1; Email Address: dave.turner@pnl.gov; Tobin, D. C. 2; Clough, S. A. 3; Brown, P. D. 3; Ellingson, R. G. 4; Mlawer, E. J. 3; Knuteson, R. O. 2; Revercomb, H. E. 2; Shippert, T. R. 1; Smith, W. L. 5; Shephard, M. W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 2: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 3: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts; 4: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: 11/15/2004, Vol. 61 Issue 22, p2657; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Subject Term: Radiative transfer ; Company/Entity: United States. Dept. of Energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - Rainey, Fred A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Response.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/11/19/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5700
M3  - Article
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1290
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article presents a report on low levels of culturable organisms and no recoverable DNA in the surface soils of the extreme arid core of the Atacama Desert, which is near the abandoned town of Yungay. This upper limit is orders of magnitude less than the concentrations of bacteria found in soils south of this Mars-like region of the Atacama. In more recent published work, the researchers have reported that below the surface, there are discrete layers with higher numbers of culturable bacteria. The researchers could not claim that there was no life in these soils on the basis of their results, and therefore they presented their data as indicating an upper limit of 100 culturable heterotrophic bacteria per gram of soil.
KW  - Soils
KW  - Agricultural resources
KW  - Nucleic acids
KW  - DNA
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
N1  - Accession Number: 15211850; Navarro-González, Rafael 1; Email Address: navarro@nuclecu.unam.mx.; Rainey, Fred A. 2; Email Address: frainey@lsu.edu.; McKay, Christopher P. 3; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Laboratorio de Quimica de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria. Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico.; 2: Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.; 3: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Issue Info: 11/19/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5700, p1289; Thesaurus Term: Soils; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural resources; Thesaurus Term: Nucleic acids; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 354
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Estep, L.
AU  - Terrie, G.
AU  - Davis, B.
T1  - Technical Note: Crop stress detection using AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery and artificial neural networks.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/11/20/
VL  - 25
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 4999
EP  - 5004
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The objectives of this study were to compare the results of artificial neural network (ANN) and standard vegetation algorithm processing to distinguish nutrient stress from in-field controls, and determine whether nutrient stress might be distinguished from water stress in the same test field. The test site was the US Department of Agriculture's Variable Rate Application (VRAT) site, Shelton, Nebraska. The VRAT field was planted in corn with test plots that were differentially treated with nitrogen (N). The field contained four replicates, each with N treatments ranging from 0 kg ha -1 to 200 kg ha -1 in 50 kg ha -1 increments. Low-altitude (3 m pixel) Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral imagery (224 bands) was collected over the site. Ground data were collected to support image interpretation. An ANN was applied to the AVIRIS image data for detection of crop and water stress. Known vegetation indices were used as a baseline for comparison against ANN-based stress detection. The resulting comparison found that ANN methods provided a heightened capability to separate stressed crops from in-field, non-stressed controls and was sensitive to differences in nutrient- and water-stressed field regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation management
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Neural networks (Computer science)
KW  - Artificial intelligence
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 15276045; Estep, L. 1; Email Address: lestep@cox.net; Terrie, G. 2; Davis, B. 3; Affiliations: 1: Lockheed Martin Technology Services Group, Edison, New Jersey 08837- 3679, USA; 2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations—Stennis Programs, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA; Issue Info: 11/20/2004, Vol. 25 Issue 22, p4999; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation management; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Neural networks (Computer science); Subject Term: Artificial intelligence; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Detectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160412331291242
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whittle, Jon
AU  - Schumann, Johann
T1  - Automating the Implementation of Kalman Filter Algorithms.
JO  - ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
JF  - ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 453
SN  - 00983500
AB  - AUTOFILTER is a tool that generates implementations that solve state estimation problems using Kalman filters. From a high-level, mathematics-based description of a state estimation problem. AUTOFILTER automatically generates code that computes a statistically optimal estimate using one or more of a number of well-known variants of the Kalman filter algorithm. The problem description may be given in terms of continuous or discrete, linear or nonlinear process and measurement dynamics. From this description, AUTOFILTER automates many common solution methods (e.g., linearization, discretization) and generates C or Matlab code fully automatically. AUTOFILTER surpasses toolkit-based programming approaches for Kalman filters because it requires no low-level programming skills (e.g., to "glue" together library function calls). AUTOFILTER raises the level of discourse to the mathematics of the problem at hand rather than the details of what algorithms, data structures, optimizations and so on are required to implement it. An overview of AUTOFILTER is given along with an example of its practical application to deep space attitude estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - ARITHMETIC -- Foundations
KW  - ALGEBRA
N1  - Accession Number: 16014679; Whittle, Jon 1; Email Address: jonathw@email.arc.nasa.gov; Schumann, Johann 2; Email Address: schumann@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: QSS Group/NASA Ames Research Center.; 2: RIACS/NASA Ames Research Center.; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p434; Thesaurus Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: ARITHMETIC -- Foundations; Subject Term: ALGEBRA; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bar-Ilan, A.
AU  - Rein, G.
AU  - Walther, D. C.
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, A. C.
AU  - Torero, J. L.
AU  - Urban, D. L.
T1  - THE EFFECT OF BUOYANCY ON OPPOSED SMOLDERING.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 176
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2027
EP  - 2055
SN  - 00102202
AB  - An experimental investigation on the effects of buoyancy on opposed-flow smolder is presented. Tests were conducted on cylindrical samples of open-cell, unretarded polyurethane foams at a range of ambient pressures using the Microgravity Smoldering Combustion (MSC) experimental apparatus. The samples were tested in the opposed configuration, in which the flow of oxidizer is induced in the opposite direction of the propagation of the smolder front. These data were compared with opposed-forced-flow tests conducted aboard STS-69, STS-77, and STS-105 and their ground-based simulations. Thermal measurements were made of the smolder reaction to obtain peak reaction temperatures and smolder velocities as a function of the ambient pressure in the MSC chamber. The smolder reaction was also observed using high-frequency ultrasound pulses as part of the ultrasound imaging system (UIS). The UIS measurements were used as a second means of providing smolder propagation velocities as well as to obtain permeabilities of the reacting samples. Results of forced-flow testing in normal gravity were compared to results in microgravity at a range of ambient pressures and forced flows. Results indicate that a critical oxidizer mass flux of roughly 0.5 to 0.8 g/m⊃2s is required in normal gravity for a self-sustaining propagation in this configuration. In microgravity tests, self-sustained smolder propagation was observed at a significantly lower oxidizer mass flux of 0.30g/m⊃2s. Analysis suggests that the removal of buoyancy-induced heat losses in microgravity allows for self-sustained propagation at an oxidizer mass flux below the critical value observed in normal-gravity testing. Normal-gravity tests also show that the smolder propagation velocity is linearly dependent on the total oxidizer mass flux in an oxidizer-limited regime. Pressure effects on the chemical kinetics of a smolder reaction are inferred by comparison of normal-gravity and microgravity tests and believed to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polyurethanes
KW  - Urethanes
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Buoyant ascent (Hydrodynamics)
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Spandex
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - buoyancy effects
KW  - heat losses
KW  - microgravity
KW  - opposed flow
KW  - smoldering combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 15330859; Bar-Ilan, A. 1; Rein, G. 1; Walther, D. C. 1; Fernandez-Pello, A. C. 1; Email Address: ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; Torero, J. L. 2; Urban, D. L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; 2: School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 176 Issue 12, p2027; Thesaurus Term: Polyurethanes; Thesaurus Term: Urethanes; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: Buoyant ascent (Hydrodynamics); Subject Term: Polymers; Subject Term: Spandex; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: buoyancy effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat losses; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: opposed flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: smoldering combustion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102200490514822
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - CURVATURE EFFECTS ON EDGE-FLAME PROPAGATION IN THE PREMIXED-FLAME REGIME.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 176
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2125
EP  - 2142
SN  - 00102202
AB  - We examine the effects of curvature on edge-flame propagation speeds as a function of the fuel Lewis number. The diffusion flame supporting the flame edge is assumed to be in Liñán's "premixed-flame regime" with oxygen leakage through the flame caused by excessive heat loss to the bounding surface. Adopting an approximate one-dimensional model, we calculate flame-edge propagation velocities in the limit of large activation energy for a one-step gas-phase reaction. Both negative and positive curvatures, corresponding to flame holes and flame disks, respectively, are considered. We predict finite-time singular behavior for both flame-hole closing and flame-disk collapse, meaning that the fronts approach the annihilation with ever-increasing speeds. For Lewis numbers sufficiently large, advancing-edge and retreating-edge solutions are obtained for the same Damköhler number. The results of this study may help to better understand the behavior of spiral flames experimentally observed in swirling flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fuel
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Force & energy
KW  - Curvature
KW  - Flame
KW  - diffusion flames
KW  - flame edges
KW  - swirling flow
N1  - Accession Number: 15330863; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Williams, Forman A. 2; Email Address: faw@ucsd.edu; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 2: Center for Energy Research, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 176 Issue 12, p2125; Thesaurus Term: Fuel; Thesaurus Term: Oxygen; Thesaurus Term: Force & energy; Subject Term: Curvature; Subject Term: Flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: flame edges; Author-Supplied Keyword: swirling flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102200490514976
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sunderland, P. B.
AU  - Urban, D. L.
AU  - Stocker, D. P.
AU  - Chao, B. -H.
AU  - Axelbaum, R. L.
T1  - SOOTING LIMITS OF MICROGRAVITY SPHERICAL DIFFUSION FLAMES IN OXYGEN-ENRICHED AIR AND DILUTED FUEL.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 176
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2143
EP  - 2146
SN  - 00102202
AB  - Limiting conditions for soot-particle inception were observed in microgravity spherical diffusion flames burning ethylene at 0.98 bar. Nitrogen was supplied to the ethylene and/or oxygen to obtain the broadest available range of stoichiometric mixture fraction, Zst. Both normal flames (surrounded by oxidizer) and inverse flames (surrounded by fuel) were considered. Soot-free conditions were found to be favored at increased Zst and there was no observed effect of convection direction on the sooting limits. The sooting limits follow a linear relationship between adiabatic flame temperature and Zst, with Zst accounting for a variation of about 700 K in the sooting-limit adiabatic flame temperature. This relationship is in qualitative agreement with a simple theory that assumes soot inception requires the local C/O atom ratio and temperature to be above threshold values, (C/O)c and Tc, respectively. The theory indicates that different mechanisms are responsible for sooting limits at low and high Zst. When inert is added to a fuel/air flame, a sooting limit is obtained when temperature becomes so low that the kinetics of soot inception are too slow to produce soot. On the other hand, a flame with a high Zst has low C/O ratios far into the fuel side of the flame. For such a flame, soot-free conditions can be attained at much higher temperatures because there is sufficient oxygen on the fuel side to favor oxidation of light hydrocarbons over formation of soot precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soot
KW  - Dust
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Ethylene
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Flame
KW  - Stoichiometry
KW  - inverse flames
KW  - microgravity
KW  - oxygen enhanced
KW  - oxygen enriched air
KW  - permanently blue flames
KW  - sooting limits
KW  - spherical diffusion flames
N1  - Accession Number: 15330864; Sunderland, P. B. 1,2; Urban, D. L. 3; Stocker, D. P. 3; Chao, B. -H. 4; Axelbaum, R. L. 5; Email Address: rla@me.wustl.edu; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Microgravity Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2: Community College of Rhode Island, Newport; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA; 5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 176 Issue 12, p2143; Thesaurus Term: Soot; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Thesaurus Term: Ethylene; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Stoichiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxygen enhanced; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxygen enriched air; Author-Supplied Keyword: permanently blue flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: sooting limits; Author-Supplied Keyword: spherical diffusion flames; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102200490514994
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, S. M.
T1  - Multivariable Control Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 2304
EP  - 2304
SN  - 00189286
AB  - Reviews the book "Multivariable Control Systems," by P. Albertos and A. Sala.
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - ALBERTOS, P.
KW  - SALA, A.
KW  - MULTIVARIABLE Control Systems (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 15513876; Joshi, S. M. 1; Email Address: s.m.joshi@Larc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p2304; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: MULTIVARIABLE Control Systems (Book); People: ALBERTOS, P.; People: SALA, A.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1109/TAC.2004.837597
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Sulima, Oleg V.
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - AIGaAsSb -- InGaASSb HPTs With High Optical Gain and Wide Dynamic Range.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2004/12//
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 51
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2013
EP  - 2018
SN  - 00189383
AB  - Novel heterojunction phototransistors based on AlGaAsSb-InGaAsSb material systems are fabricated and their characteristics are demonstrated. Responsivity of a phototransistor Is measured with applied bias voltage at four different wavelehgths. The maximum responsivity around 1400 A/W and minimum noise equivalent power of 1.83 x 10-14 W/Hz1/2 from this phototransistor with bias of 4.0 V at a wavelength of 2.05 μm were measured at 20°C and -20 °C, respectively. Noise equivalent power of the phototransistor is considerably lower compared with commercially available InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes. Collector current measurements with applied incident power are performed for two phototransistors. Currents of 400 nA at low intensity of 0.425 μW/cm² and of 30 mA at high intensity of 100 mW/cm² are determined. Collector current increases nearly by five orders of magnitude between these two input intensities. High and constant optical gain of 500 in the 0.46-μW to 40-μW input power range is achieved, which demonstrates high dynamic range for such devices at these power levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HETEROJUNCTIONS
KW  - HETEROSTRUCTURES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR junctions
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - JUNCTION transistors
KW  - PHOTODIODES
N1  - Accession Number: 15391395; Source Information: Dec2004, Vol. 51 Issue 12, p2013; Subject Term: HETEROJUNCTIONS; Subject Term: HETEROSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR junctions; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: JUNCTION transistors; Subject Term: PHOTODIODES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2004.838328
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Markham, Brian L.
AU  - Storey, James C.
AU  - Crawford, Melba M.
AU  - Goodenough, David
AU  - Irons, James R.
T1  - Foreword to the Special Issue on Landsat Sensor Performance Characterization.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2687
EP  - 2689
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Presents an introduction to various articles published in the December 2004 issue of the journal "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing."
KW  - PERIODICALS
KW  - GEOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 15462817; Markham, Brian L. 1; Storey, James C. 2; Crawford, Melba M. 3; Goodenough, David 4; Irons, James R. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Branch Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 2: Science Applications International Corporation U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.; 3: Center for Space Research The University of Texas Austin, TX 78759 USA.; 4: Pacific Forestry Centre Natural Resources Canada Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 Canada.; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2687; Subject Term: PERIODICALS; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414420 Book, periodical and newspaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 451310 Book stores and news dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 451212 News Dealers and Newsstands; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.841174
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Hook, Simon J.
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Barsi, Julia A.
AU  - Alley, Ronald E.
AU  - Abtahi, Ali
AU  - Palluconi, Frank D.
AU  - Markham, Brian L.
AU  - Richards, Robert C.
AU  - Schladow, S. Geoffrey
AU  - Helder, Dennis L.
T1  - In-Flight Validation and Recovery of Water Surface Temperature With Landsat-5 Thermal Infrared Data Using an Automated High-Altitude Lake Validation Site at Lake Tahoe.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2767
EP  - 2776
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The absolute radiometric accuracy of the thermal infrared band (86) of the Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument on the Landsat-5 (L5) satellite was assessed over a period of approximately four years using data from the Lake Tahoe automated validation site (California-Nevada). The Lake Tahoe site was established in July 1999, and measurements of the skin and bulk temperature have been made approximately every 2 nun from four permanently moored buoys since mid-1999. Assessment involved using a radiative transfer model to propagate surface skin temperature measurements made at the time of the L5 overpass to predict the at-sensor radiance. The predicted radiance was then convolved with the L5B6 system response function to obtain the predicted LSB6 radiance, which was then compared with the radiance measured by LSB6. Twenty-four cloud-free scenes acquired between 1999 and 2003 were used in the analysis with scene temperatures ranging between 4°C and 22°C. The results indicate LSB6 had a radiance bias of 2.5% (1.6 °C) in late 1999, which gradually decreased to 0.8% (0.5 °C) in mid-2002. Since that time, the bias has remained positive (predicted minus measured) and between 0.3% (0.2 °C) and 1.4% (0.9 °C). The cause for the cold bias (L5 radiances are lower than expected) is unresolved, but likely related to changes in instrument temperature associated with changes in instrument usage. The in situ data were then used to develop algorithms to recover the skin and bulk temperature of the water by regressing the L5B6 radiance and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) total column water [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER)
KW  - emissivity
KW  - Lake Tahoe
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Landsat-5
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - temperature
KW  - thermal
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 15462825; Hook, Simon J. 1; Email Address: simon.j.hook@jpl.nasa.gov; Chander, Gyanesh 2; Email Address: gchander@usgs.gov; Barsi, Julia A. 3; Email Address: Julia.Barsi@gsfc.nasa.gov; Alley, Ronald E. 1; Abtahi, Ali 1; Palluconi, Frank D. 1; Markham, Brian L. 4; Email Address: Brian.L.Markham@nasa.gov; Richards, Robert C. 5; Schladow, S. Geoffrey 6; Helder, Dennis L. 7; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; 2: Science Application International Corporation, Earth Resources Observation System Data Center, U.S Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 4: Landsat Project Science Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 5: Tahoe Research Group, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; 6: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA.; 7: Electrical Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2767; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER); Author-Supplied Keyword: emissivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Tahoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat-5; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.839092
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=15462825&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Lee, D. Scott
AU  - Storey, James C.
AU  - Choate, Michael J.
AU  - Hayes, Ronald W.
T1  - Four Years of Landsat-7 On-Orbit Geometric Calibration and Performance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2786
EP  - 2795
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Unlike its predecessors, Landsat-7 has undergone regular geometric and radiometric performance monitoring and calibration since launch in April 1999. This ongoing activity, which includes issuing quarterly updates to calibration parameters, has generated a wealth of geometric performance data over the four-year on-orbit period of operations. A suite of geometric characterization (measurement and evaluation procedures) and calibration (procedures to derive improved estimates of instrument parameters) methods are employed by the Landsat-7 Image Assessment System to maintain the geometric calibration and to track specific aspects of geometric performance. These include geodetic accuracy, band-to-band registration accuracy, and image-to-image registration accuracy. These characterization and calibration activities maintain image product geometric accuracy at a high level-by monitoring performance to determine when calibration is necessary, generating new calibration parameters, and verifying that new parameters achieve desired improvements in accuracy. Landsat-7 continues to meet and exceed all geometric accuracy requirements, although aging components have begun to affect performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - EARTH resources technology satellites
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - GEODESY -- Observations
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - Band-to-band resignation
KW  - geodetic accuracy
KW  - geometric calibration
KW  - image-to-image registration
KW  - Landstat-7
N1  - Accession Number: 15462827; Lee, D. Scott 1; Email Address: slee@usgs.gov; Storey, James C. 2; Email Address: James.C.Storey.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; Choate, Michael J. 1; Email Address: choate@usgs.gov; Hayes, Ronald W. 1; Email Address: hayes@usgs.gov; Affiliations: 1: Science Applications International Corporation, U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation System Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2786; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: EARTH resources technology satellites; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: GEODESY -- Observations; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Band-to-band resignation; Author-Supplied Keyword: geodetic accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: geometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: image-to-image registration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landstat-7; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.836769
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Browell, E. V.
AU  - Ismail, S.
AU  - Kooi, S. A.
AU  - Brasseur, L. H.
AU  - Brackett, V. G.
AU  - Clayton, M. B.
AU  - Barrick, J. D. W.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Goldsmith, J. E. M.
AU  - Lesht, B. M.
AU  - Podolske, J. R.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Schmidlin, F. J.
AU  - Turner, D. D.
AU  - Whiteman, D. N.
AU  - Tobin, D.
AU  - Miloshevich, L. M.
AU  - Revercomb, H. E.
AU  - Demoz, B. B.
T1  - Characterization of Upper-Troposphere Water Vapor Measurements during AFWEX Using LASE.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 21
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1790
EP  - 1808
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Water vapor mass mixing ratio profiles from NASA's Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) system acquired during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)–First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment (FIRE) Water Vapor Experiment (AFWEX) are used as a reference to characterize upper-troposphere water vapor (UTWV) measured by ground-based Raman lidars, radiosondes, and in situ aircraft sensors over the Department of Energy (DOE) ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in northern Oklahoma. LASE was deployed from the NASA DC-8 aircraft and measured water vapor over the ARM SGP Central Facility (CF) site during seven flights between 27 November and 10 December 2000. Initially, the DOE ARM SGP Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Raman lidar (CARL) UTWV profiles were about 5%–7% wetter than LASE in the upper troposphere, and the Vaisala RS80-H radiosonde profiles were about 10% drier than LASE between 8 and 12 km. Scaling the Vaisala water vapor profiles to match the precipitable water vapor (PWV) measured by the ARM SGP microwave radiometer (MWR) did not change these results significantly. By accounting for an overlap correction of the CARL water vapor profiles and by employing schemes designed to correct the Vaisala RS80-H calibration method and account for the time response of the Vaisala RS80-H water vapor sensor, the average differences between the CARL and Vaisala radiosonde upper-troposphere water vapor profiles are reduced to about 5%, which is within the ARM goal of mean differences of less than 10%. The LASE and DC-8 in situ diode laser hygrometer (DLH) UTWV measurements generally agreed to within about 3%–4%. The DC-8 in situ frost point cryogenic hygrometer and Snow White chilled-mirror measurements were drier than the LASE, Raman lidars, and corrected Vaisala RS80H measurements by about 10%–25% and 10%–15%, respectively. Sippican (formerly VIZ Manufacturing) carbon hygristor radiosondes exhibited large variabilities and poor agreement with the other measurements. PWV derived from the LASE profiles agreed to within about 3% on average with PWV derived from the ARM SGP microwave radiometer. The agreement between the LASE and MWR PWV and the LASE and CARL UTWV measurements supports the hypotheses that MWR measurements of the 22-GHz water vapor line can accurately constrain the total water vapor amount and that the CART Raman lidar, when calibrated using the MWR PWV, can provide an accurate, stable reference for characterizing upper-troposphere water vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 15569405; Ferrare, R. A. 1; Email Address: richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov; Browell, E. V. 1; Ismail, S. 1; Kooi, S. A. 2; Brasseur, L. H. 2; Brackett, V. G. 2; Clayton, M. B. 2; Barrick, J. D. W. 1; Diskin, G. S. 1; Goldsmith, J. E. M. 3; Lesht, B. M. 4; Podolske, J. R. 5; Sachse, G. W. 1; Schmidlin, F. J. 6; Turner, D. D. 7; Whiteman, D. N. 8; Tobin, D. 9; Miloshevich, L. M. 10; Revercomb, H. E. 9; Demoz, B. B. 9; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: SAIC/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California; 4: Argonne National Lab, Argonne, Illinois; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 6: NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia; 7: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 8: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 9: University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 21 Issue 12, p1790; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; Subject Term: Detectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, Sebastian
AU  - Lehmann, Katrin
AU  - Wendisch, Manfred
T1  - Minimizing Instrumental Broadening of the Drop Size Distribution with the M-Fast-FSSP.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 21
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1855
EP  - 1867
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - A modified version of the Fast-FSSP (the so-called M-Fast-FSSP) is introduced. It allows minimization of the instrumental broadening of measured cloud drop size distributions caused by laser beam inhomogeneities. This is achieved by applying a new technique based on a postexperiment stepwise reduction of the probe's sampling volume. For monodisperse glass bead samples it is shown that the width of the measured size distribution is considerably reduced when applying this technique, especially for large glass bead diameters. The instrumental broadening may exceed a factor of about 4 for a mean glass bead diameter of 30 μm. The M-Fast-FSSP was applied in two cloud measurement campaigns. For two specific cloud cases, the profile of the width of the measured drop size distribution changes significantly when applying the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Laser beams
KW  - Glass
KW  - Granular materials
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Materials
KW  - Glass beads
N1  - Accession Number: 15569401; Schmidt, Sebastian 1; Email Address: schmidt@tropos.de; Lehmann, Katrin 1; Wendisch, Manfred 2; Affiliations: 1: Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 21 Issue 12, p1855; Subject Term: Laser beams; Subject Term: Glass; Subject Term: Granular materials; Subject Term: Lasers; Subject Term: Materials; Subject Term: Glass beads; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kadambi, Jaikrishnan R.
AU  - Charoenngam, Pathom
AU  - Subramanian, Amirthaganesh
AU  - Wernet, Mark P.
AU  - Sankovic, John M.
AU  - Addie, Graeme
AU  - Courtwright, Robert
T1  - Investigations of Particle Velocities in a Slury Pump Using PIV: Part 1, The Tongue and Adjacent Channel Flow.
JO  - Journal of Energy Resources Technology
JF  - Journal of Energy Resources Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 126
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 278
SN  - 01950738
AB  - Transport of solid-liquid slurries in pipeline transport over short and medium distances is very important in many industries, including mining related processes. The particle image velocimetry technique was successfully utilized to investigate the velocities and kinetic energy fluctuations of slurry particles at the tongue region of an optically-clear centrifugal pump. The experiments were conducted using 500 micron glass beads at volumetric concentrations of 2.5% and 5% and at pump speeds of 725 rpm and 1000 rpm. The fluctuation kinetic energy increased approximately 200% to 500% as the pump speed was increased from 725 rpm to 1000 rpm. The directional impingement mechanism is more significant at the pressure side of the blade, tongue and the casing. This mechanism becomes more important as the speed increases. This suggests that the impeller, tongue and the casing of the slurry pump can wear out quickly, especially with an increase in speed. In this paper the emphasis is on the tongue region. The random impingement mechanism caused by the fluctuation kinetic energy of the solids can play an important role on the erosion of the tongue area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Energy Resources Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Slurry
KW  - Power resources
KW  - Fluid dynamic measurements
KW  - Physical measurements
KW  - Solid state physics
N1  - Accession Number: 15792653; Kadambi, Jaikrishnan R. 1; Charoenngam, Pathom 1; Subramanian, Amirthaganesh 1; Wernet, Mark P. 2; Sankovic, John M. 3; Addie, Graeme 4; Courtwright, Robert 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135; 3: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John H. Glenn Research Center, 21 000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135; 4: GIW Industries, 5000 Wrightsboro Rd., Grovetown, GA 3081 3-9750; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 126 Issue 4, p271; Thesaurus Term: Slurry; Thesaurus Term: Power resources; Subject Term: Fluid dynamic measurements; Subject Term: Physical measurements; Subject Term: Solid state physics; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1786928
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=15792653&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schneider, Vivian I.
AU  - Healy, Alice F.
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
T1  - Effects of Instruction Modality and Readback on Accuracy in Following Navigation Commands.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 245
EP  - 257
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 1076898X
AB  - In 3 experiments, the authors simulated air traffic controllers giving pilots navigation instructions of various lengths. Participants either heard or read the instructions; repeated either all, a reduced form, or none of the instructions; and then followed them by clicking on the specified locations in a space represented by grids on a computer screen. Execution performance for visual presentation was worse than it was for auditory presentation on the longer messages. Repetition of the instructions generally lowered execution performance for longer messages, which required more output, especially with the visual modality, which required phonological recoding from visual input to spoken output. An advantage for reduced over full repetition for visual but not for auditory presentation was attributed to an enhanced visual scanning process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIGATION
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
N1  - Accession Number: 15280352; Schneider, Vivian I. 1; Email Address: vickis@psych.colorado.edu; Healy, Alice F. 1; Barshi, Immanuel 2; Affiliations: 1: University of Colorado at Boulder; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p245; Subject Term: NAVIGATION; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 12 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/1076-898X.10.4.245
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Faundeen, John L.1, greenhagen@usgs.gov
AU  - Williams, Darrel L.2, darrel@ltpmailx.gsfc.nasa.gov
AU  - Greenhagen, Cheryl A.3, faundeen@usgs.gov
T1  - Landsat Yesterday and Today: An American Vision and an Old Challenge.
JO  - Journal of Map & Geography Libraries
JF  - Journal of Map & Geography Libraries
J1  - Journal of Map & Geography Libraries
PY  - 2004/12//
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
CP  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
SN  - 15420353
AB  - Since the late 1960s, the United States government has invested more than $1 billion in designing, launching, and operating the Landsat (land satellite) series of Earth-observing satellites. Global change researchers, geologists, and environmental scientists have used images gathered by the satellites for purposes ranging from human health research, energy exploration, and pollution detection to agricultural assessments, urban growth monitoring, and earthquake lineament studies. The earliest data were captured on a digital medium called wide-band video tape (WBVT). However, two decades of unsound media storage conditions and a poorly maintained processing system have left the physically deteriorating WBVTs with no mechanism for interpretation. A national treasure was in jeopardy. With seed money from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) began a project to rescue the data. More than 21,000 tapes from the 1970s have been transcribed to stable, archival media, preserving the data for future studies in Earth System Science. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
KW  - Broadband communication systems
KW  - Digital communications
KW  - Geological research
KW  - Space industrialization -- Government policy
KW  - Aerospace industries -- Finance
KW  - Geologists
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - United States
KW  - <br />preservation
KW  - ETM+
KW  - Landsat
KW  - MSS
KW  - NASA
KW  - preservation
KW  - TM
KW  - USGS
KW  - WBVT
N1  - Accession Number: 27706629; Authors: Faundeen, John L. 1 Email Address: greenhagen@usgs.gov; Williams, Darrel L. 2 Email Address: darrel@ltpmailx.gsfc.nasa.gov; Greenhagen, Cheryl A. 3 Email Address: faundeen@usgs.gov; Affiliations:  1: U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD.;  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Earth Sciences Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD.;  3: SAIC Corporation, EROS Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD.; Subject: Geological research; Subject: Space industrialization -- Government policy; Subject: Aerospace industries -- Finance; Subject: Geologists; Subject: Remote-sensing images; Subject: Broadband communication systems; Subject: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject: Digital communications; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: <br />preservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ETM+; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: preservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: TM; Author-Supplied Keyword: USGS; Author-Supplied Keyword: WBVT; Number of Pages: 15p; Record Type: Article
L3  - 10.1300/J230v01n0104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lls
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kral, Timothy
AU  - Bekkum, Curtis
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Growth of Methanogens on a Mars Soil Simulant.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 615
EP  - 626
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Currently, the surface of Mars is probably too cold, too dry, and too oxidizing for life, as we know it, to exist. But the subsurface is another matter. Life forms that might exist below the surface could not obtain their energy from photosynthesis, but rather they would have to utilize chemical energy. Methanogens are one type of microorganism that might be able to survive below the surface of Mars. A potential habitat for existence of methanogens on Mars might be a geothermal source of hydrogen, possibly due to volcanic or hydrothermal activity, or the reaction of basalt and anaerobic water, carbon dioxide, which is abundant in the martian atmosphere, and of course, subsurface liquid water. We report here that certain methanogens can grow on a Mars soil simulant when supplied with carbon dioxide, molecular hydrogen, and varying amounts of water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JSC Mars-1
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars soil simulant
KW  - methanogen
N1  - Accession Number: 52535169; Kral, Timothy 1; Email Address: tkral@uark.edu; Bekkum, Curtis 2; McKay, Christopher 3; Affiliations: 1: Arkansas-Oklahoma Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 U.S.A; 2: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 U.S.A; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field 94035 U.S.A; Issue Info: Dec2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p615; Author-Supplied Keyword: JSC Mars-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars soil simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: methanogen; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/B:ORIG.0000043129.68196.5f
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52535169&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xapsos, M. A.
AU  - Burke, E. A.
AU  - Badavi, F. F.
AU  - Townsend, L. W.
AU  - Wilson, J. W.
AU  - Jun, I.
T1  - NIEL Calculations for High-Energy Heavy Ions.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2004/12/02/Dec2004 Part 2 of 3
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3250
EP  - 3254
SN  - 00189499
AB  - Calculations of NIEL are reported for heavy ions prominent in the space environment for energies ranging from 200 MeV per nucleon to 2 GeV per nucleon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extreme environments
KW  - Ions
KW  - Matter -- Properties
KW  - Physics
KW  - Space environment
KW  - Particles (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 15591508; Xapsos, M. A. 1; Email Address: Michael.A.Xapsos@nasa.gov; Burke, E. A.; Badavi, F. F. 2; Townsend, L. W. 3; Wilson, J. W. 4; Jun, I. 5; Affiliations: 1: Flight Data Systems and Radiation Effects Branch, Radiation Effects and Analysis Group, NASA Goddard Space Right Center, Code 561.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 2: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.; 3: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA.; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; 5: Jet Propulsion' Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Issue Info: Dec2004 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p3250; Thesaurus Term: Extreme environments; Thesaurus Term: Ions; Thesaurus Term: Matter -- Properties; Thesaurus Term: Physics; Subject Term: Space environment; Subject Term: Particles (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2004.839136
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boulghassoul, Y.
AU  - Buchner, S.
AU  - McMorrow, Dale
AU  - Pouget, V.
AU  - Massengill, L. W.
AU  - Fouillat, P.
AU  - Holman, W. T.
AU  - Poivey, C.
AU  - Howard, J. W.
AU  - Savage, M.
AU  - Maher, M. C.
T1  - Investigation of Millisecond-Long Analog Single-Event Transients in the LM6144 Op Amp.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2004/12/02/Dec2004 Part 2 of 3
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3529
EP  - 3536
SN  - 00189499
AB  - A new category of analog single-event transients (SETs) with millisecond-long durations have been experimentally observed in the LM6144 operational amplifier. It is the first time that events with such extreme widths are under investigation in a linear integrated circuit. Relying on heavy-ion broadbeam tests, picosecond pulsed lasers diagnostics, and computer-assisted circuit modeling, we uncover the mechanisms and causes of these anomalous voltage transients. The identification of the problematic area of the IC reveals that the bias/startup circuitry is sensitive to energetic ionizing particles and can be responsible for corrupted circuit operations when subjected to a heavy-ion strike. A circuit hardening solution with minimal impact on the layout and the electrical performances of the op amp are proposed to mitigate this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Transients (Electricity)
KW  - Electronic circuits
KW  - Integrated circuits
KW  - Analog integrated circuits
KW  - Electric apparatus & appliances -- Protection
KW  - Operational amplifiers
N1  - Accession Number: 15591551; Boulghassoul, Y. 1; Buchner, S. 2; McMorrow, Dale 3; Pouget, V. 4; Massengill, L. W. 1; Fouillat, P. 4; Holman, W. T. 1; Poivey, C. 2; Howard, J. W. 2; Savage, M. 5; Maher, M. C. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Right Center (GSFC) and QSS, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA.; 3: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA.; 4: IXL Microelectronics Laboratory, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.; 5: NAVSEA, Crane, IN 47522 USA.; 6: National Semiconductor Corporation, South Portland, ME 04106 USA.; Issue Info: Dec2004 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p3529; Subject Term: Transients (Electricity); Subject Term: Electronic circuits; Subject Term: Integrated circuits; Subject Term: Analog integrated circuits; Subject Term: Electric apparatus & appliances -- Protection; Subject Term: Operational amplifiers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2004.839196
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Brückner, J.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Carr, M. H.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Crumpler, L.
AU  - Marais, D. J. Des
AU  - d'Uston, C.
AU  - Economou, T.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Farrand, W.
AU  - Folkner, W.
AU  - Colombek, M.
AU  - Gorevan, S.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
T1  - The Opportunity Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1698
EP  - 1703
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated the Landing site in Eagle crater and the nearby plains within Meridiani Planum. The soils consist of fine-grained basaltic sand and a surface lag of hematite-rich spherules, spherule fragments, and other granules. Wind ripples are common. Underlying the thin soil layer, and exposed within small impact craters and troughs, are flat-lying sedimentary rocks. These rocks are finely laminated, are rich in sulfur, and contain abundant sulfate salts. Small-scale cross-lamination in some locations provides evidence for deposition in flowing liquid water. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments formed by episodic inundation by shallow surface water, followed by evaporation, exposure, and desiccation. Hematite-rich spherules are embedded in the rock and eroding from them. We interpret these spherules to be concretions formed by postdepositional diagenesis, again involving liquid water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Discoveries in geography
KW  - Basalt
KW  - Hematite
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Aeronautics in astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 15331282; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu; Arvidson, R. E. 2; Bell III, J. F. 1; Brückner, J. 3; Cabrol, N. A. 4; Calvin, W. 5; Carr, M. H. 6; Christensen, P. R. 7; Clark, B. C. 8; Crumpler, L. 9; Marais, D. J. Des 10; d'Uston, C. 11; Economou, T. 12; Farmer, J. 7; Farrand, W. 13; Folkner, W. 14; Colombek, M. 14; Gorevan, S. 15; Grant, J. A. 16; Greeley, R. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington; 3: Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie, Mainz,; 4: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno,; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.; 7: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University,; 8: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA.; 9: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque,; 10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 11: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse, France.; 12: Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; 13: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.; 14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,; 15: Honeybee Robotics, New York, NY 10012, USA.; 16: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian; Issue Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1698; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Discoveries in geography; Subject Term: Basalt; Subject Term: Hematite; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Aeronautics in astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5377
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Anderson, R. C.
AU  - Bartlett, P.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Chu, P.
AU  - Davis, K.
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Corevan, S.
AU  - Guinness, E. A.
AU  - Haldemann, A. F. C.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Landis, G.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - Lindemann, R.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Myrick, T.
AU  - Parker, T.
AU  - Richter, L.
T1  - Localization and Physical Property Experiments Conducted by Opportunity at Meridiani Planum.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1730
EP  - 1733
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The location of the Opportunity landing site was determined to better than 10-m absolute accuracy from analyses of radio tracking data. We determined Rover locations during traverses with an error as small as several centimeters using engineering telemetry and overlapping images. Topographic profiles generated from rover data show that the plains are very smooth from meter- to centimeter-length scales, consistent with analyses of orbital observations. Solar cell output decreased because of the deposition of airborne dust on the panels. The lack of dust-covered surfaces on Meridiani Planum indicates that high velocity winds must remove this material on a continuing basis. The low mechanical strength of the evaporitic rocks as determined from grinding experiments, and the abundance of coarse-grained surface particles argue for differential erosion of Meridiani Planum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plains
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Dust
KW  - Evaporites
KW  - Aeronautics in astronomy
KW  - Imaging systems in astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 15331287; Arvidson, R. E. 1; Email Address: arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu; Anderson, R. C. 2; Bartlett, P. 3; Bell III, J. F. 4; Christensen, P. R. 5; Chu, P. 3; Davis, K. 3; Ehlmann, B. L. 1; Golombek, M. P. 2; Corevan, S. 3; Guinness, E. A. 1; Haldemann, A. F. C. 2; Herkenhoff, K. E. 6; Landis, G. 7; Li, R. 8; Lindemann, R. 2; Ming, D. W. 9; Myrick, T. 3; Parker, T. 2; Richter, L. 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,; 3: Honeybee Robotics, 204 Elizabeth Street, New York, NY 10012,; 4: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University,; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.; 7: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; 8: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic; 9: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; 10: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt, Institut; Issue Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1730; Thesaurus Term: Plains; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Evaporites; Subject Term: Aeronautics in astronomy; Subject Term: Imaging systems in astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2882
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klingelhöfer, G.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Bernhardt, B.
AU  - Schröder, C.
AU  - Rodionov, D. S.
AU  - de Souza Jr., P. A.
AU  - Yen, A.
AU  - Geliert, R.
AU  - Evlanov, E. N.
AU  - Zubkov, B.
AU  - Foh, J.
AU  - Bonnes, U.
AU  - Kankeleit, E.
AU  - Gütlich, P.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Renz, F.
AU  - Wdowiak, T.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
T1  - Jarosite and Hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mössbauer Spectrometer.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1740
EP  - 1745
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Mössbauer spectrometers provide quantitative information about the distribution of iron among its oxidation states, the identification of iron-bearing phases, and the distribution of iron among those phases. Characterizing the speciation and distribution of iron in martian rock and soil [1] constrains primary rock types; the conditions under which primary minerals crystallize; and the mineralogical composition, process, and extent of alteration and weathering. Hematite (α-Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3]) was detected in Meridiani Planum from orbital observations before the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions [2, 3], and the region was selected as a MER landing site on a scientific basis, because the mineral is a beacon for aqueous processes, and on an engineering basis, because the terrain was considered safe for landing [4]. The first Mössbauer spectrum from Meridiani Planum was obtained by the Opportunity rover on 4 February 2004, on soil near the lander at Eagle crater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Iron
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Soils
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 15331289; Klingelhöfer, G. 1; Email Address: klinget@mail.uni-mainz.de; Morris, R. V. 2; Bernhardt, B. 1; Schröder, C. 1; Rodionov, D. S. 1,3; de Souza Jr., P. A. 1,4; Yen, A. 5; Geliert, R. 1,6; Evlanov, E. N. 3; Zubkov, B. 3; Foh, J. 1,7; Bonnes, U. 7; Kankeleit, E. 7; Gütlich, P. 1; Ming, D. W. 2; Renz, F. 1; Wdowiak, T. 8; Squyres, S. W. 9; Arvidson, R. E. 10; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson; 3: Space Research Institute IKI, 117997 Moscow, Russia.; 4: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD) Group, Vitoria, Brazil.; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,; 6: Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Becher-Weg 27, D-55128; 7: Darmstadt University of Technology, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.; 8: University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.; 9: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; 10: Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; Issue Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1740; Thesaurus Term: Iron; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Soils; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Rocks; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5851
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Michael D.
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
AU  - Lemmon, Mark T.
AU  - Spanovich, Nicole
AU  - Banfield, Don
AU  - Budney, Charles J.
AU  - Todd Clancy, R.
AU  - Ghosh, Amitabha
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
AU  - Smith, Peter
AU  - Whitney, Barbara
AU  - Christensen, Philip R.
AU  - Squyres, Steven W.
T1  - First Atmosphere Science Results from the Mars Exploration Rovers Mini-TES.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1750
EP  - 1753
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Thermal infrared spectra of the martian atmosphere taken by the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) were used to determine the atmospheric temperatures in the planetary boundary layer and the column-integrated optical depth of aerosols. Mini-TES observations show the diurnal variation of the martian boundary layer thermal structure, including a near-surface superadiabatic layer during the afternoon and an inversion layer at night. Upward-looking Mini-TES observations show warm and cool parcels of air moving through the Mini-TES field of view on a time scale of 30 seconds. The retrieved dust optical depth shows a downward trend at both sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Diurnal variations in meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 15331291; Smith, Michael D. 1; Email Address: Michael.D.Smith@nasa.gov; Wolff, Michael J. 2; Lemmon, Mark T. 3; Spanovich, Nicole 4; Banfield, Don 5; Budney, Charles J. 6; Todd Clancy, R. 2; Ghosh, Amitabha 1; Landis, Geoffrey A. 7; Smith, Peter 4; Whitney, Barbara 2; Christensen, Philip R. 8; Squyres, Steven W. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; 2: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.; 3: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.; 4: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.; 5: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 7: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; 8: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; Issue Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1750; Thesaurus Term: Astronomy; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Infrared spectra; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Diurnal variations in meteorology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2748
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lemmon, M. T.
AU  - Wolff, M. J.
AU  - Smith, M. D.
AU  - Clancy, R. T.
AU  - Banfield, D.
AU  - Landis, G. A.
AU  - Ghosh, A.
AU  - Smith, P. H.
AU  - Spanovich, N.
AU  - Whitney, B.
AU  - Whelley, P.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Thompson, S.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
T1  - Atmospheric Imaging Results from the Mars Exploration Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1753
EP  - 1756
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A visible atmospheric optical depth of 0.9 was measured by the Spirit rover at Gusev crater and by the Opportunity rover at Meridiani Planum. Optical depth decreased by about 0.6 to 0.7% per sol through both 90-sol primary missions. The vertical distribution of atmospheric dust at Gusev crater was consistent with uniform mixing, with a measured scale height of 11.56 ± 0.62 kilometers. The dust's cross section weighted mean radius was 1.47 ± 0.21 micrometers (µm) at Gusev and 1.52 ± 0.18 µm at Meridiani. Comparison of visible optical depths with 9-µm optical depths shows a visible-to-infrared optical depth ratio of 2.0 ± 0.2 for comparison with previous monitoring of infrared optical depths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorological optics
KW  - Dust
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - Air -- Optical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 15331292; Lemmon, M. T. 1; Email Address: lemmon@tamu.edu; Wolff, M. J. 2; Smith, M. D. 3; Clancy, R. T. 2; Banfield, D. 4; Landis, G. A. 5; Ghosh, A. 3; Smith, P. H. 6; Spanovich, N. 6; Whitney, B. 2; Whelley, P. 7; Greeley, R. 7; Thompson, S. 7; Bell III, J. F. 4; Squyres, S. W. 4; Affiliations: 1: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.; 2: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Creenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; 4: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; 5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; 6: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.; 7: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; Issue Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1753; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological optics; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Thesaurus Term: Astronomy; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject Term: Air -- Optical properties; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4483
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU  - Kirkpatrick, Michael P.
AU  - Stevens, David E.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2004/12/23/
VL  - 432
IS  - 7020
M3  - Article
SP  - 1014
EP  - 1017
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Some of the global warming from anthropogenic greenhouse gases is offset by increased reflection of solar radiation by clouds with smaller droplets that form in air polluted with aerosol particles that serve as cloud condensation nuclei. The resulting cooling tendency, termed the indirect aerosol forcing, is thought to be comparable in magnitude to the forcing by anthropogenic CO2, but it is difficult to estimate because the physical processes that determine global aerosol and cloud populations are poorly understood. Smaller cloud droplets not only reflect sunlight more effectively, but also inhibit precipitation, which is expected to result in increased cloud water. Such an increase in cloud water would result in even more reflective clouds, further increasing the indirect forcing. Marine boundary-layer clouds polluted by aerosol particles, however, are not generally observed to hold more water. Here we simulate stratocumulus clouds with a fluid dynamics model that includes detailed treatments of cloud microphysics and radiative transfer. Our simulations show that the response of cloud water to suppression of precipitation from increased droplet concentrations is determined by a competition between moistening from decreased surface precipitation and drying from increased entrainment of overlying air. Only when the overlying air is humid or droplet concentrations are very low does sufficient precipitation reach the surface to allow cloud water to increase with droplet concentrations. Otherwise, the response of cloud water to aerosol-induced suppression of precipitation is dominated by enhanced entrainment of overlying dry air. In this scenario, cloud water is reduced as droplet concentrations increase, which diminishes the indirect climate forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Evaporation (Meteorology)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 15441038; Ackerman, Andrew S. 1; Email Address: andrew.ackeman@nasa.gov; Kirkpatrick, Michael P. 2; Stevens, David E. 3; Toon, Owen B. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; 3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94552, USA; 4: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA; Issue Info: 12/23/2004, Vol. 432 Issue 7020, p1014; Thesaurus Term: Evaporation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03174
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertone, Paul
AU  - Stole, Viktor
AU  - Royce, Thomas E.
AU  - Rozowsky, Joel S.
AU  - Urban, Alexander E.
AU  - Zhu, Xiaowei
AU  - Rinn, John L.
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Samanta, Manoj
AU  - Weissman, Sherman
AU  - Gerstein, Mark
AU  - Snyder, Michael
T1  - Global Identification of Human Transcribed Sequences with Genome Tiling Arrays.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/24/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5705
M3  - Article
SP  - 2242
EP  - 2246
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Elucidating the transcribed regions of the genome constitutes afundamental aspect of human biology, yet this remains an outstandingproblem. To comprehensively identify coding sequences, we constructed aseries of highdensity oligonucleotide tiling arrays representing senseand antisense strands of the entire nonrepetitive sequence of the humangenome. Transcribed sequences were located across the genome viahybridization to complementary DNA samples, reverse-transcribed frompolyadenylated RNA obtained from human liver tissue. In addition toidentifying many known and predicted genes, we found 10,595 transcribedsequences not detected by other methods. A large fraction of these arelocated in intergenic regions distal from previously annotated genes andexhibit significant homology to other mammalian proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Human biology
KW  - Homology (Biology)
KW  - RNA
KW  - Genomes
KW  - Transcription
KW  - Human chromosomes
N1  - Accession Number: 15601818; Bertone, Paul 1; Stole, Viktor 1,2; Royce, Thomas E. 3; Rozowsky, Joel S. 3; Urban, Alexander E. 1; Zhu, Xiaowei 1; Rinn, John L. 3; Tongprasit, Waraporn 4; Samanta, Manoj 2; Weissman, Sherman 5; Gerstein, Mark 3; Email Address: mark.gerstein@yale.edu; Snyder, Michael 1,3; Email Address: michaeLsnyder@yale.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.; 2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 3: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.; 4: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA; 5: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA.; Issue Info: 12/24/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5705, p2242; Thesaurus Term: Human biology; Thesaurus Term: Homology (Biology); Thesaurus Term: RNA; Subject Term: Genomes; Subject Term: Transcription; Subject Term: Human chromosomes; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3292
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sheridan, Patrick
AU  - Arnott, W.
AU  - Ogren, John
AU  - Andrews, Elisabeth
AU  - Atkinson, Dean
AU  - Covert, David
AU  - Moosmüller, Hans
AU  - Petzold, Andreas
AU  - Schmid, Beat
AU  - Strawa, Anthony
AU  - Varma, Ravi
AU  - Virkkula, Aki
T1  - The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An Evaluation of Aerosol Absorption Measurement Methods.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 02786826
AB  - The Reno Aerosol Optics Study (RAOS) was designed and conducted to compare the performance of many existing and new instruments for the in situ measurement of aerosol optical properties with a focus on the determination of aerosol light absorption. For this study, simple test aerosols of black and white particles were generated and combined in external mixtures under low relative humidity conditions and delivered to each measurement system. The aerosol mixing and delivery system was constantly monitored using particle counters and nephelometers to ensure that the same aerosol number concentration and amount reached the different instruments. The aerosol light-scattering measurements of four different nephelometers were compared, while the measurements of seven light-absorption instruments (5 filter based, 2 photoacoustic) were evaluated. Four methods for determining the aerosol light-extinction coefficient (3 cavity ring-down instruments and 1 folded-path optical extinction cell) were also included in the comparisons. An emphasis was placed on determining the representativeness of the filter-based light absorption methods, since these are used widely and because major corrections to the raw attenuation measurements are known to be required. The extinction measurement from the optical extinction cell was compared with the scattering measurement from a high-sensitivity integrating nephelometer on fine, nonabsorbing ammonium sulfate aerosols, and the two were found to agree closely (within 1%for blue and green wavelengths and 2%for red). The wavelength dependence of light absorption for small kerosene and diesel soot particles was found to be very nearλ - 1 , the theoretical small-particle limit. Larger, irregularly shaped graphite particles showed widely variable wavelength dependencies over several graphite runs. The light-absorption efficiency at a wavelength of 530 nm for pure kerosene soot with a number size distribution peak near 0.3μm diameter was found to be 7.5±1.2 m 2 g - 1 . The two most fundamental independent absorption methods used in this study were photoacoustic absorption and the difference between suspended-state light extinction and scattering, and these showed excellent agreement (typically within a few percent) on mixed black/white aerosols, with the photoacoustic measurement generally slightly lower. Excellent agreement was also observed between some filter-based light-absorption measurements and the RAOS reference absorption method. For atmospherically relevant levels of the aerosol light-absorption coefficient (< 25 Mm − 1 ), the particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP) absorption measurement at mid-visible wavelengths agreed with the reference absorption measurement to within&nvsim;11%for experiment tests on externally mixed kerosene soot and ammonium sulfate. At higher absorption levels (characterized by lower single-scattering albedo aerosol tests), this agreement worsened considerably, most likely due to an inadequate filter loading correction used for the PSAP. The PSAP manufacturer's filter loading correction appears to do an adequate job of correcting the PSAP absorption measurement at aerosol single-scattering albedos above 0.80–0.85, which representsmost atmospheric aerosols, but it does a progressively worse job at lower single-scattering albedos. A new filter-based light-absorption photometer was also evaluated in RAOS, the multiangle absorption photometer (MAAP), which uses a two-stream radiative transfer model to determine the filter and aerosol scattering effects for a better calculation of the absorption coefficient. The MAAP absorption measurements agreed with the reference absorption measurements closely (linear regression slope of&nvsim;0.99) for all experimental tests on externally mixed kerosene soot and ammonium sulfate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Light
KW  - Physics
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Light -- Scattering
KW  - Optics
N1  - Accession Number: 15496355; Sheridan, Patrick 1; Arnott, W. 2; Ogren, John 1; Andrews, Elisabeth 3; Atkinson, Dean 4; Covert, David 5; Moosmüller, Hans 2; Petzold, Andreas 6; Schmid, Beat 7; Strawa, Anthony 8; Varma, Ravi 2; Virkkula, Aki 9; Affiliations: 1: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; 6: Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft-und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany; 7: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 9: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research, Sahaajankatu, Helsinki, Finland; Issue Info: Jan2005, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Light; Thesaurus Term: Physics; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject Term: Light -- Scattering; Subject Term: Optics; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay1
AU  - Cerny, Jennifer A.1
T1  - HTCMC-5 HIGHLIGHTS.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
J1  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
PY  - 2005/01//
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 84
IS  - 1
CP  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 47
SN  - 00027812
AB  - Highlights the 5th International Conference on High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites hosted by ACers which was held in Seattle,Washington. Event description; Theme; Attendees; Topics discussed.
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Conferences & conventions
KW  - Seattle (Wash.)
KW  - Washington (State)
N1  - Accession Number: 15835891; Authors: Singh, Mrityunjay 1; Cerny, Jennifer A. 1; Affiliations:  1: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland; Subject: Conferences & conventions; Subject: Ceramics; Subject: Seattle (Wash.); Subject: Washington (State); Number of Pages: 1p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Eilers, J. A.
AU  - Kolyer, R. W.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Ramirez, S. A.
AU  - Yee, J.-H.
AU  - Swartz, W. H.
AU  - Trepte, C. R.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Randall, C. E.
AU  - Lumpe, J. D.
AU  - Bevilacqua, R. M.
AU  - Bittner, M.
AU  - Erbertseder, T.
AU  - McPeters, R. D.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
T1  - Retrieval of ozone column content from airborne Sun photometer measurements during SOLVE II: comparison with coincident satellite and aircraft measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 286
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - During the 2003 SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) II, the fourteen-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) was mounted on the NASA DC-8 aircraft and measured spectra of total and aerosol optical depth (TOD and AOD) during the sunlit portions of eight science flights. Values of ozone column content above the aircraft have been derived from the AATS-14 measurements by using a linear least squares method that exploits the differential ozone absorption in the seven AATS-14 channels located within the Chappuis band. We compare AATS-14 columnar ozone retrievals with temporally and spatially near-coincident measurements acquired by the SAGE III and the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III satellite sensors during four solar occultation events observed by each satellite. RMS differences are 19 DU (6% of the AATS value) for AATS-SAGE and 10 DU (3% of the AATS value) for AATS-POAM. In these checks of consistency between AATS-14 and SAGE III or POAM III ozone results, the AATS-14 analyses use airmass factors derived from the relative vertical profiles of ozone and aerosol extinction obtained by SAGE III or POAM III. We also compare AATS-14 ozone retrievals for measurements obtained during three DC-8 flights that included extended horizontal transects with total column ozone data acquired by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite sensors. To enable these comparisons, the amount of ozone in the column below the aircraft is estimated either by assuming a climatological model or by combining SAGE and/or POAM data with high resolution in-situ ozone measurements acquired by the NASA Langley Research Center chemiluminescent ozone sensor, FASTOZ, during the aircraft vertical profile at the start or end of each flight. Resultant total column ozone values agree with corresponding TOMS and GOME measurements to within 10-15 DU (~3%) for AATS data acquired during two flights - a longitudinal transect from Sweden to Greenland on 21 January, and a latitudinal transect from 47°N to 35°N on 6 February. For the round trip DC-8 latitudinal transect between 34°N and 22°N on 19-20 December 2002, resultant AATS-14 ozone retrievals plus below-aircraft ozone estimates yield a latitudinal gradient that is similar in shape to that observed by TOMS and GOME, but resultant AATS values exceed the corresponding satellite values by up to 30 DU at certain latitudes. These differences are unexplained, but they are attributed to spatial and temporal variability that was associated with the dynamics near the subtropical jet but was unresolved by the satellite sensors. For selected cases, we also compare AATS-14 ozone retrievals with values derived from coincident measurements by the other two DC-8 based solar occultation instruments: the National Center for Atmospheric Research Direct beam Irradiance Airborne Spectrometer (DIAS) and the NASA Langley Research Center Gas and Aerosol Monitoring System (GAMS). AATS and DIAS retrievals agree to within RMS differences of 1% of the AATS values for the 21 January and 19-20 December flights, and 2.3% for the 6 February flight. Corresponding AATS-GAMS RMS differences are ~3% for the 21 January flight; GAMS data were not compared for the 6 February flight and were not available for the 19-20 December flight. Line of sight ozone retrievals from coincident measurements obtained by the three DC-8 solar occultation instruments during the SAGE III solar occultation event on 24 January yield RMS differences of 2.1% for AATS-DIAS and 4.2% for AATS-GAMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
KW  - Photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 18890480; Livingston, J. M. 1; Email Address: jlivingston@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Schmid, B. 2; Russell, P. B. 3; Eilers, J. A. 3; Kolyer, R. W. 3; Redemann, J. 2; Ramirez, S. A. 2; Yee, J.-H. 4; Swartz, W. H. 4; Trepte, C. R. 5; Thomason, L. W. 5; Pitts, M. C. 5; Avery, M. A. 5; Randall, C. E. 6; Lumpe, J. D. 7; Bevilacqua, R. M. 8; Bittner, M. 9; Erbertseder, T. 9; McPeters, R. D. 10; Shetter, R. E. 11; Affiliations: 1: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: Computational Physics, Inc., Springfield, VA, USA; 8: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., USA; 9: DLR (German Aerospace Center), Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany; 10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 11: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p243; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Subject Term: Photometry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kojima, Jun
AU  - Ikeda, Yuji
AU  - Nakajima, Tsuyoshi
T1  - Basic aspects of OH(A), CH(A), and C2(d) chemiluminescence in the reaction zone of laminar methane–air premixed flames
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 140
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 45
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Detailed spatial intensity profiles of OH(A), CH(A), and C2(d) chemiluminescence in the reaction zone were revealed in “two-dimensional” laminar premixed flames (–1.5) using spatially resolved emission measurements with a resolution-enhanced Cassegrain-type optical probe. A numerical simulation of one-dimensional laminar premixed flames using the PREMIX code, with GRI-Mech 3.0 incorporating with reaction and quenching kinetics for OH(A), CH(A), and C2(d), was compared with the experimental result. The measured and simulated profiles showed reasonable agreement in shape, peak location, emission zone thickness, and peak-intensity variation in fuel-lean and stoichiometric flames. We found disagreement between the experimental and numerical results under fuel-rich conditions, which likely resulted from incomplete C2(d) chemistry used in the present study. Stoichiometry dependence of chemiluminescence peak-intensity ratio, OH(A)/CH(A), observed experimentally was clearly supported by the simulated result. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - Chemiluminescence
KW  - Luminescence
KW  - Stoichiometry
KW  - Physical & theoretical chemistry
KW  - Combustion diagnostics
KW  - Laminar flame
KW  - Premixed flame
N1  - Accession Number: 15670766; Kojima, Jun 1; Email Address: jun.kojima@grc.nasa.gov; Ikeda, Yuji 2; Nakajima, Tsuyoshi 2; Affiliations: 1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA; 2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Issue Info: Jan2005, Vol. 140 Issue 1/2, p34; Subject Term: Chemiluminescence; Subject Term: Luminescence; Subject Term: Stoichiometry; Subject Term: Physical & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Premixed flame; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.10.002
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dehler, C.M.
AU  - Elrick, M.
AU  - Bloch, J.D.
AU  - Crossey, L.J.
AU  - Karlstrom, K.E.
AU  - Des Marais, D.J.
T1  - High-resolution δ13C stratigraphy of the Chuar Group (ca. 770-742 Ma), Grand Canyon: Implications for mid-Neoproterozoic climate change.
JO  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
JF  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
Y1  - 2005/01//Jan/Feb2005
VL  - 117
IS  - 1-2
M3  - Article
SP  - 32
EP  - 45
SN  - 00167606
AB  - A high-resolution C-isotope record based on δ13Corgfrom organic-rich shales and δ13Ccarb from dolomites in the ca. 770-742 Ma cub Chuar Group provides important new data for evaluating the significance of large-magnitude C-isotope anomalies in Neoproterozoic climate change. Three successive, large-magnitude isotopic excursions (8-15‰) are interpreted to represent primary seawater values based on a series of diagenetic tests, and they are not associated with evidence of significant long-term (106-107 m.y.) sea-level change nor glaciomarine deposits. Intrabasinal correlation of δ13Corg values suggests that most org Chuar shales record primary values and is consistent with previously reported H/C ratios of >0.49 indicating that Chuar shales experienced minimal thermal alteration. Although some Chuar dolomites reveal early diagenetic alteration, their δ13Cdol values typically fall near those of coeval "least-altered" dolomites or organic-rich shales (relative to dolomite values). The Chuar carbon record is interpreted to reflect predominantly primary organic carbon δ13C values and contains sufficient primary carbonate δ13C data to use for calculating Δδ13CC values and for comparison with other mid-Neoproterozoic successions. The Chuar δ13C shifts are in phase with dolomite-poor/dolomite-rich lithostratigraphic sequences and with shale petrologic and mineralogical trends. These data sets collectively indicate long-term (my.-scale) wetter-to-drier climate change and concomitant low-ampli- tude sea-level change. The Chuar basin may be a proxy for mid-Neoproterozoic low- latitude basins that accommodated signifi- cant organic carbon burial during this time. Models for other Neoproterozoic long-term 8'3C anomalies may not require significant continental (and) or low-latitude glaciation as a mechanism for generating large-magnitude C-isotope shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Society of America Bulletin is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratigraphic geology
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Geology
KW  - Grand Canyon (Ariz.)
KW  - C-isotope record
KW  - Chuar Group
KW  - climate change
KW  - Grand Canyon
KW  - lithostratigraphy
KW  - Neoproterozoic
KW  - shale geochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 16052852; Dehler, C.M. 1; Email Address: chuaria@cc.usu.edu; Elrick, M. 2; Bloch, J.D. 2; Crossey, L.J. 2; Karlstrom, K.E. 2; Des Marais, D.J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology, Utah State University, 4505 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-4505, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1116, USA; 3: Mail Stop 239-4, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Jan/Feb2005, Vol. 117 Issue 1-2, p32; Thesaurus Term: Stratigraphic geology; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Geology; Subject: Grand Canyon (Ariz.); Author-Supplied Keyword: C-isotope record; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chuar Group; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grand Canyon; Author-Supplied Keyword: lithostratigraphy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neoproterozoic; Author-Supplied Keyword: shale geochemistry; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/B25471.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moody, Eric G.
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - Schaaf, Crystal B.
AU  - Gao, Feng
T1  - Spatially Complete Global Spectral Surface Albedos: Value-Added Datasets Derived From Terra MODIS Land Products.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 158
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Recent production of land surface anisotropy, diffuse bihemispherical (white-sky) albedo, and direct-beam directional hemispherical (black-sky) albedo from observations acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Terra and Aqua satellite platforms have provided researchers with unprecedented spatial, spectral, and temporal information on the land surface's radiative characteristics. Cloud cover, which curtails retrievals, and the presence of ephemeral and seasonal snow limit the snow-free data to approximately half the global land surfaces on an annual equal-angle basis. This precludes the MOD43B3 albedo products from being used in some remote sensing and ground-based applications, climate models, and global change research projects. An ecosystem-dependent temporal interpolation technique is described that has been developed to fill missing or seasonally snow-covered data in the official MOD43B3 albedo product. The method imposes pixel-level and local regional ecosystem-dependent phenological behavior onto retrieved pixel temporal data in such a way as to maintain pixel-level spatial and spectral detail and integrity. The phenological curves are derived from statistics based on the MODIS MOD12Q1 IGBP land cover classification product geolocated with the MOD43B3 data. The resulting snow-free value-added products provide the scientific community with spatially and temporally complete global white-and black-sky surface albedo maps and statistics. These products are stored on 1-mm and coarser resolution equal-angle grids and are computed for the first seven MODIS wavelengths, ranging from 0.47-2.1 μm and for three broadband wavelengths 0.3-0.7, 0.3-5.0, and 0.7-5.0 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 15937785; Moody, Eric G. 1; Email Address: moody@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; King, Michael D. 2; Platnick, Steven 2; Schaaf, Crystal B. 3; Gao, Feng 3; Affiliations: 1: L-3 Communications Government Services, Inc., Vienna, VA 22180 USA; 2: Earth Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 3: Center for Remote Sensing, Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA.; Issue Info: Jan2005, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p144; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.838359
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Gilat, Amos
T1  - Implementation of an Associative Flow Rule Including Hydrostatic Stress Effects into the High Strain Rate Deformation Analysis of Polymer Matrix Composites.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2005/01//
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 27
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A previously developed analytical formulation has been modified in order to more accurately account for the effects of hydrostatic stresses on the nonlinear, strain rate dependent deformation of polymer matrix composites. State variable constitutive equations originally developed for metals have been modified in order to model the nonlinear, strain rate dependent deformation of polymeric materials. To account for the effects of hydrostatic stresses, which are significant in polymers, the classical J2 plasticity theory definitions of effective stress and effective inelastic strain, along with the equations used to compute the components of the inelastic strain rate tensor, are appropriately modified. To verify the revised formulation, the shear and tensile deformation of a representative polymer are computed across a wide range of strain rates. Results computed using the developed constitutive equations correlate well with experimental data. The polymer constitutive equations are implemented within a strength of materials based micromechanics method to predict the nonlinear, strain rate dependent deformation of polymer matrix composites. The composite mechanics are verified by analyzing the deformation of a representative polymer matrix composite for several fiber orientation angles across a variety of strain rates. The computed values compare well to experimentally obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROSTATIC pressure
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 15382517; Source Information: Jan2005, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p18; Subject Term: HYDROSTATIC pressure; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2005)18:1(18)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
AU  - Klein, Vladislav
T1  - Application of System Identification to Aircraft at NASA Langley Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/01//Jan/Feb2005
Y1  - 2005/01//Jan/Feb2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 25
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The past, present, and future of system identification applied to aircraft at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) in Hampton, Virginia, are discussed. Significant research advances generated at NASA LaRC in the past are summarized, including some perspective on the role these developments played in the practice of system identification applied to aircraft. Selected recent research efforts are described, to give an idea of the type of activities currently being pursued at NASA LaRC. These efforts include real-time parameter estimation, identifying flying qualities models, advanced experiment design and modeling techniques for static wind-tunnel database development, and indicial function identification for unsteady aerodynamic modeling. Projected future developments in the area are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 16304336; Source Information: Jan/Feb2005, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stein, T.Peter
AU  - Schluter, Margaret D.
AU  - Galante, Anthony T.
AU  - Soteropoulos, Patricia
AU  - Ramirez, Manuel
AU  - Bigbee, Allison
AU  - Grindeland, Richard E.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
T1  - Effect of hind limb muscle unloading on liver metabolism of rats
JO  - Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
JF  - Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 16
SN  - 09552863
AB  - Abstract: In response to decreased use, skeletal muscle undergoes an adaptive reductive remodeling. There is a shift in fiber types from slow twitch to fast twitch fiber types. Associated with muscle unloading is an increased reliance on carbohydrate metabolism for energy. The hind limb suspended (HLS) rat model was used as the experimental model to determine whether skeletal muscle unloading had any impact on the liver. We used a combination of actual enzyme assays and microarray mRNA expression to address this question. The GenMAPP program was used to identify altered metabolic pathways. We found that the major changes in the liver with HLS were increases in the expression of genes involved in the generation of energy fuels for export, specifically gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. The expression of mRNA was increased (P<0.05) for three of the four enzymes involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). Actual assay of enzymatic activity, in μmol · min−1 · mg protein−1 showed G-6-Pase (0.14+0.01 vs 0.17+0.01 P<0.05), fructose 1,6, bisphophosphatase (0.048+0.002 vs 0.054+0.002, P<0.07), and PEPCK (0.031+0.002 vs 0.038+0.012 (P<0.05) to be increased. We conclude that 1) atrophied muscle is not the only tissue to be affected by HLS, as there is also a response by the liver; and 2) the major changes in liver substrate metabolism induced by HLS appear to be limited to glucose and triglyceride production. The increase in glycolytic capacity in disused muscle is paralleled by an increase in glucogenic capacity by the liver. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Muscles
KW  - Carbohydrate metabolism
KW  - Rats as laboratory animals
KW  - Gene expression
KW  - Messenger RNA
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Atrophy
KW  - Gluconeogenesis
KW  - Hind limb unloading
KW  - Muscle disuse
N1  - Accession Number: 15953397; Stein, T.Peter 1; Email Address: tpstein@umdnj.edu; Schluter, Margaret D. 1; Galante, Anthony T. 2; Soteropoulos, Patricia 2,3; Ramirez, Manuel 4; Bigbee, Allison 5; Grindeland, Richard E. 4; Wade, Charles E. 4; Affiliations: 1: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–SOM, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA; 2: Center for Applied Genomics, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA; 3: Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–NJMS, Newark, NJ, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Department of Physiology, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Issue Info: Jan2005, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p9; Subject Term: Muscles; Subject Term: Carbohydrate metabolism; Subject Term: Rats as laboratory animals; Subject Term: Gene expression; Subject Term: Messenger RNA; Subject Term: Enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atrophy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gluconeogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hind limb unloading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muscle disuse; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.07.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Miloshevich, Larry M.
AU  - Schmitt, Carl
AU  - Bansemer, Aaron
AU  - Twohy, Cynthia
AU  - Poellot, Michael R.
AU  - Fridlind, Ann
AU  - Gerber, Hermann
T1  - Homogeneous Ice Nucleation in Subtropical and Tropical Convection and Its Influence on Cirrus Anvil Microphysics.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/01//1/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 64
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study uses a unique set of microphysical measurements obtained in a vigorous, convective updraft core at temperatures between -33° and -36°C, together with a microphysical model, to investigate the role of homogeneous ice nucleation in deep tropical convection and how it influences the microphysical properties of the associated cirrus anvils. The core and anvil formed along a sea-breeze front during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL–FACE). The updraft core contained two distinct regions as traversed horizontally: the upwind portion of the core contained droplets of diameter 10–20 μm in concentrations of around 100 cm-3 with updraft speeds of 5–10 m s-1; the downwind portion of the core was glaciated with high concentrations of small ice particles and stronger updrafts of 10–20 m s-1. Throughout the core, rimed particles up to 0.6-cm diameter were observed. The anvil contained high concentrations of both small particles and large aggregates. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the air sampled in the updraft core was mixed with air from higher altitudes that descended along the upwind edge of the cloud in an evaporatively driven downdraft, introducing free-tropospheric cloud condensation nuclei into the updraft below the aircraft sampling height. Farther downwind in the glaciated portion of the core, the entrained air contained high concentrations of ice particles that inhibit droplet formation and homogeneous nucleation. Calculations of droplet and ice particle growth and homogeneous ice nucleation are used to investigate the influence of large ice particles lofted in updrafts from lower levels in this and previously studied tropical ice clouds on the homogeneous nucleation process. The preexisting large ice particles act to suppress homogeneous nucleation through competition via diffusional and accretional growth, mainly when the updrafts are < 5 m s-1. In deep convective updrafts > 5–10 m s-1, the anvil is the depository for the small, radiatively important ice particles (homogeneously nucleated) and the large ice particles from below (heterogeneously or secondarily produced, or recycled). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Microphysics
N1  - Accession Number: 16009853; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: heyms1@ncar.ucar.edu; Miloshevich, Larry M. 1; Schmitt, Carl 1; Bansemer, Aaron 1; Twohy, Cynthia 2; Poellot, Michael R. 3; Fridlind, Ann 4; Gerber, Hermann 5; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvalis, Oregon; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 5: Gerber Scientific Inc., Reston, Virginia; Issue Info: 1/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p41; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Love, Gordon D.
AU  - Bowden, Stephen A.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Snape, Colin E.
AU  - Campbell, Christine N.
AU  - Day, John G.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
T1  - A catalytic hydropyrolysis method for the rapid screening of microbial cultures for lipid biomarkers
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 82
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Abstract: A catalytic hydropyrolysis procedure was developed for rapidly assessing the relative abundances and variety of different biomarker lipid structures in microbial cultures by reductively converting free functionalised and polymeric lipids within whole cells into hydrocarbons. High pressure hydrogen gas and a molybdenum catalyst were used to target and cleave carbon–oxygen covalent bonds (particularly ester, alcohol, acid and ether) and the pyrolysis process was conducted in an open-system reactor configuration to minimise structural and stereochemical rearrangements in the products. A revised experimental protocol, involving a modified catalyst-loading procedure, careful use of a silica support substrate and a revised temperature program was tested and optimised for handling biomass. Partial hydrogenation of double bonds inevitably did occur although it was found that some unsaturation was preserved, particularly within branched and polycyclic hydrocarbon structures. This experimental approach aids our ability to optimally correlate fossil biomarker signals found in the sedimentary record with their lipid precursors found in extant organisms. Our technique complements more rigorous, but time-consuming, chemical approaches used for elucidating the exact chemical structures of intact functionalised lipids by providing a rapid means by which to screen microbial cultures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Biochemical markers
KW  - Microbial cultures
KW  - Lipids
N1  - Accession Number: 15447119; Love, Gordon D. 1,2; Email Address: glove@mit.edu; Bowden, Stephen A. 2; Jahnke, Linda L. 3; Snape, Colin E. 4; Campbell, Christine N. 5; Day, John G. 5; Summons, Roger E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, E34-550, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; 2: Fossil Fuels and Environmental Geochemistry, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Drummond Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 4: School of Chemical, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; 5: Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK; Issue Info: Jan2005, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p63; Thesaurus Term: Pyrolysis; Thesaurus Term: Biochemical markers; Subject Term: Microbial cultures; Subject Term: Lipids; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.07.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bugos, Glenn
T1  - To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S. Launch Vehicles.
JO  - Technology & Culture
JF  - Technology & Culture
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 233
EP  - 234
SN  - 0040165X
AB  - Reviewed: To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S. Launch Vehicles. Launius, Roger D. and Jenkins, Dennis R., ed.
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - GUIDED missiles
KW  - Jenkins, Dennis R.
KW  - Launius, Roger D.
KW  - LAUNIUS, Roger D.
KW  - JENKINS, Dennis R.
KW  - TO Reach the High Frontier: A History of US Launch Vehicles (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 17272509; Bugos, Glenn 1; Affiliations: 1 : Historian with the Ames Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at Moffett Field, California;  Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p233; Note: Publication Information: Lexington: U. Pr. of Kentucky, 2002. 519 pp.; Historical Period: 1950 to 1999; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: NONFICTION; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: GUIDED missiles; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ahl
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGreevy, Michael Wallace
T1  - Approaching Experiential Discourse Iconicity from the Field.
JO  - Text
JF  - Text
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 105
PB  - De Gruyter
SN  - 01654888
AB  - In this paper, experiential discourse iconicity is examined, shown to be useful in practical studies of planetary exploration and aviation safety, and related to the structure of language. In his ‘Philosophy of Rhetoric', first published in 1776, George Campbell oered a bold theory of experiential iconicity in discourse and language that has significant practical value. He asserted that patterns of relatedness among things in the world of experience influence patterns of relatedness among words in discourse and language. This suggests, for example, that the structures of particular experiences can be derived from the structures of corresponding discourses. In Campbell's formulation these structures are networks, which have greater representational power than conventional linear models of experiential iconicity such as that of Enkvist (1981). The experientially iconic nature of practical discourse emerged as an essential resource in studies to support NASA's missions in planetary exploration and aviation safety, leading to development of new search engine technologies called Perilog. A comparison of Campbell's experiential iconicity with Saussure's dichotomies of ‘langue’ versus ‘parole’ and associative versus syntagmatic relations suggests that, in addition to being part of discourse structure, experiential iconicity is part of the structure of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Text is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Iconicity (Linguistics)
KW  - Lectures & lecturing
KW  - Linguistics
KW  - Theory (Philosophy)
KW  - Rhetoric -- Philosophy
KW  - Safety
KW  - association
KW  - Campbell.
KW  - discourse
KW  - experience
KW  - iconicity
KW  - structure
N1  - Accession Number: 16634866; McGreevy, Michael Wallace 1; Email Address: Michael.W.McGreevy@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p67; Thesaurus Term: Iconicity (Linguistics); Thesaurus Term: Lectures & lecturing; Thesaurus Term: Linguistics; Subject Term: Theory (Philosophy); Subject Term: Rhetoric -- Philosophy; Subject Term: Safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: association; Author-Supplied Keyword: Campbell.; Author-Supplied Keyword: discourse; Author-Supplied Keyword: experience; Author-Supplied Keyword: iconicity; Author-Supplied Keyword: structure; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bradley, John
AU  - Dai, Zu Rong
AU  - Erni, Rolf
AU  - Browning, Nigel
AU  - Graham, Giles
AU  - Weber, Peter
AU  - Smith, Julie
AU  - Hutcheon, Ian
AU  - Ishii, Hope
AU  - Bajt, Sasa
AU  - Floss, Christine
AU  - Stadermann, Frank
AU  - Sandford, Scott
T1  - An Astronomical 2175 Å Feature in Interplanetary Dust Particles.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/01/14/
VL  - 307
IS  - 5707
M3  - Article
SP  - 244
EP  - 247
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The 2175 angstrom extinction feature is the strongest (visible-ultraviolet) spectral signature of dust in the interstellar medium. Forty years after its discovery, the origin of the feature and the nature of the carrier(s) remain controversial. Using a transmission electron microscope, we detected a 5.7-electron volt (2175 angstrom) feature in interstellar grains embedded within interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). The carriers are organic carbon and amorphous silicates that are abundant in IDPs and in the interstellar medium. These multiple carriers may explain the enigmatic invariant central wavelength and variable bandwidth of the astronomical 2175 angstrom feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Transmission electron microscopes
KW  - Interstellar matter
KW  - Data transmission systems
KW  - Digital communications
KW  - Broadband communication systems
KW  - Electron microscopes
KW  - Cosmic dust
N1  - Accession Number: 15803272; Bradley, John 1; Email Address: jbradley@igpp.ucllnl.org; Dai, Zu Rong 1; Erni, Rolf 2; Browning, Nigel 2,3; Graham, Giles 1; Weber, Peter 1; Smith, Julie 1; Hutcheon, Ian 1; Ishii, Hope 1; Bajt, Sasa 1; Floss, Christine 4; Stadermann, Frank 4; Sandford, Scott 5; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence; 2: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at; 3: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley; 4: Laboratory for Space Sciences, Washington University, St.; 5: Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field,; Issue Info: 1/14/2005, Vol. 307 Issue 5707, p244; Subject Term: Transmission electron microscopes; Subject Term: Interstellar matter; Subject Term: Data transmission systems; Subject Term: Digital communications; Subject Term: Broadband communication systems; Subject Term: Electron microscopes; Subject Term: Cosmic dust; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2758
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steele, B.M.
AU  - Reddy, S.K.
AU  - Nemani, R.R.
T1  - A regression strategy for analyzing environmental data generated by spatio-temporal processes
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2005/01/20/
VL  - 181
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 108
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Highly complex spatio-temporal environmental data sets are becoming common in ecology because of the increasing use of large-scale simulation models and automated data collection devices. The spatial and temporal dimensions present real and difficult challenges for the interpretation of these data. A particularly difficult problem is that the relationship among variables can vary in dramatically in response to environmental variation; consequently, a single model may not provide adequate fit. The temporal dimension presents both opportunities for improved prediction because explanatory variables sometimes exert delayed effects on response variables, and problems because variables are often serially correlated. This article presents a regression strategy for accommodating these problems and exploiting serial correlation. The strategy is illustrated by a case study of simulated net primary production (SNPP) that compares ocean-atmosphere indices to terrestrial climate variables as predictors of SNPP across the conterminous United States, and describes spatial variation in the relative importance of terrestrial climate variables towards predicting SNPP. We found that the relationship between ocean-atmosphere indices and SNPP varies substantially over the United States, and that there is evidence of a substantive link only in the western portions of the United States. Evidence of multi-year delays in the effect of terrestrial climate effects on SNPP were also found. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - United States
KW  - ARIMA models
KW  - Carbon balance
KW  - NPP process models
KW  - Serial correlation
KW  - Spatio-temporal data
N1  - Accession Number: 14959331; Steele, B.M.; Email Address: steele@mso.umt.edu; Reddy, S.K. 1; Nemani, R.R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; 2: Mail Stop: 242-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jan2005, Vol. 181 Issue 2/3, p93; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARIMA models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: NPP process models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Serial correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatio-temporal data; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.06.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Medaglia, C. M.
AU  - Adamo, C.
AU  - Baordo, F.
AU  - Dietrich, S.
AU  - Di Michele, S.
AU  - Kotroni, V.
AU  - Lagouvardos, K.
AU  - Mugnai, A.
AU  - Pinori, S.
AU  - Smith, E. A.
AU  - Tripoli, G. J.
AU  - Ferraris, L.
T1  - Comparing microphysical/dynamical outputs by different cloud resolving models: impact on passive microwave precipitation retrieval from satellite.
JO  - Advances in Geosciences
JF  - Advances in Geosciences
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 199
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807340
AB  - Mesoscale cloud resolving models (CRM's) are often utilized to generate consistent descriptions of the microphysical structure of precipitating clouds, which are then used by physically-based algorithms for retrieving precipitation from satellite-borne microwave radiometers. However, in principle, the simulated upwelling brightness temperatures (TB's) and derived precipitation retrievals generated by means of different CRM's with different microphysical assumptions, may be significantly different even when the models simulate well the storm dynamical and rainfall characteristics. In this paper, we investigate this issue for two well-known models having different treatment of the bulk microphysics, i.e. the UW-NMS and the MM5. To this end, the models are used to simulate the same 24-26 November 2002 flood-producing storm over northern Italy. The model outputs that best reproduce the structure of the storm, as it was observed by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) onboard the EOS-Aqua satellite, have been used in order to compute the upwelling TB's. Then, these TB's have been utilized for retrieving the precipitation fields from the AMSR observations. Finally, these results are compared in order to provide an indication of the CRM-effect on precipitation retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Geosciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Microwaves
N1  - Accession Number: 18873453; Medaglia, C. M. 1; Email Address: c.medaglia@isac.cnr.it; Adamo, C. 1; Baordo, F. 1; Dietrich, S. 1; Di Michele, S. 1,2; Kotroni, V. 3; Lagouvardos, K. 3; Mugnai, A. 1; Pinori, S. 1; Smith, E. A. 4; Tripoli, G. J. 5; Ferraris, L.; Affiliations: 1: Istituto di Scienze dell' Atmosfera e del Clima, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Roma, Italy; 2: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK; 3: Institute of Environmental Research, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 2, p195; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Subject Term: Microwaves; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juck, D. F.
AU  - Whissell, G.
AU  - Steven, B.
AU  - Pollard, W.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Greer, C. W.
AU  - Whyte, L. G.
T1  - Utilization of Fluorescent Microspheres and a Green Fluorescent Protein-Marked Strain for Assessment of Microbiological Contamination of Permafrost and Ground Ice Core...
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 71
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1035
EP  - 1041
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Fluorescent microspheres were applied in a novel fashion during subsurface drilling of permafrost and ground ice in the Canadian High Arctic to monitor the exogenous microbiological contamination of core samples obtained during the drilling process. Prior to each drill run, a concentrated fluorescent microsphere (0.5-µm diameter) solution was applied to the interior surfaces of the drill bit, core catcher, and core tube and allowed to dry. Macroscopic examination in the field demonstrated reliable transfer of the microspheres to core samples, while detailed microscopic examination revealed penetration levels of less than 1 cm from the core exterior. To monitor for microbial contamination during downstream processing of the permafrost and ground ice cores, a Pseudomonas strain expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was painted on the core exterior prior to processing. Contamination of the processed core interiors with the GFP-expressing strain was not detected by culturing the samples or by PCR to detect the gfp marker gene. These methodologies were quick, were easy to apply, and should help to monitor the exogenous microbiological contamination of pristine permafrost and ground ice samples for downstream culture-dependent and culture-independent microbial analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial contamination
KW  - Ice
KW  - Frozen ground
KW  - Foraminifera
KW  - Microspheres
N1  - Accession Number: 16175464; Juck, D. F. 1; Email Address: david.juck@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca; Whissell, G. 1,2; Steven, B. 2; Pollard, W. 3; McKay, C. P. 4; Greer, C. W. 1; Whyte, L. G. 2; Affiliations: 1: Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 2: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3: Department of Geography, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 71 Issue 2, p1035; Thesaurus Term: Microbial contamination; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Frozen ground; Thesaurus Term: Foraminifera; Subject Term: Microspheres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.71.2.1035-1041.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Andersen, Dale T.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - Annual Development Cycle of an Icing Deposit and Associated Perennial Spring Activity on Axel Heiberg Island, Canadian High Arctic.
JO  - Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research
JF  - Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 135
SN  - 15230430
AB  - This paper examines the behavior of perennial saline springs and their icings at Expedition Fiord in the Canadian High Arctic during the winter months when temperatures are below the eutectic point of the solution and during the early spring when temperatures are still below freezing but above the eutectic point. The spring outflow begins to freeze when it cools from the discharge temperature which is between -3.5°C and +6°C. As ice forms it remains mixed with the brine forming a salty, icy, slush which lines the sides of the flow channel. Networks of pipes and tunnels also allow the brine to flow under and through the icing before being frozen at the icing perimeter. In late winter complete freezing occurs several hundred meters from the springs' outlets. There appears to be incomplete fractionation of salt during the freezing process and the bulk ice contains 30 to 285 ppt salt. The icing reaches its maximum extent in late winter just before temperatures rise above the eutectic point. In April 2002 the icing had dimensions of 300 m by 700 m, an average thickness of 0.5 m and a total mass of approximately 2 x 108 kg. This icing mass is consistent with the flow from the springs during the previous 6 mo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice
KW  - Winter
KW  - Frozen ground
KW  - Freezes (Meteorology)
KW  - Salt springs
N1  - Accession Number: 17112225; Heldmann, Jennifer L. 1,2; Email Address: jheldmann@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Pollard, Wayne H. 3; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Andersen, Dale T. 4; Toon, Owen B. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences and Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U.S.A.; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences, Moffett Field, California 94035, U.S.A.; 3: Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 2K6, Canada; 4: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, U.S.A.; 5: Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p127; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Thesaurus Term: Frozen ground; Thesaurus Term: Freezes (Meteorology); Subject Term: Salt springs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Shin, Joon
AU  - Akyurtlu, Alkim
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar
T1  - Comments on "Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Double Negative Metamaterials".
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2005/02//
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Letter
SP  - 891
EP  - 891
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor commenting on the article "Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Double Negative Metamaterials," by R.W. Ziolkowski, appeared in the July 2003 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - ENGINEERING design
N1  - Accession Number: 16049648; Source Information: Feb2005, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p891; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2/3p; ; Document Type: Letter; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2004.841267
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khan, Zulfiqar Ali
AU  - Bunting, Charles F.
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar D.
T1  - Shielding Effectiveness of Metallic Enclosures at Oblique and Arbitrary Polarizations.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
PY  - 2005/02//
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 122
SN  - 00189375
AB  - Shielding effectiveness of metallic enclosures with apertures when illuminated by an oblique incidence arbitrary polarized plane wave has been studied by using an efficient hybrid modal/moment technique. Shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosures with one, two, and four apertures at multiple points inside the enclosures for various frequencies has been calculated when the illuminating source flies by the front of the enclosure. The work shows that the shielding effectiveness is seriously affected by frequency, angle of incidence and polarization of the illuminating field; the number and orientation of apertures; and the location inside the cavity. It has been shown that the usual assumption about the normal incidence being the worst-case scenario for shielding effectiveness values may not be valid when there is more than one aperture in the cavity. The paper emphasizes the need for the statistical investigation of shielding effectiveness problem of metallic enclosures with apertures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC shielding
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding
KW  - ELECTRONIC equipment enclosures
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - HOLES
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 16250163; Source Information: Feb2005, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p112; Subject Term: MAGNETIC shielding; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC equipment enclosures; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: HOLES; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TEMC.2004.842117
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwartz, Zachary D.
AU  - Downey, Alan N.
AU  - Alterovitz, Samuel A.
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - High-Temperature RF Probe Station for Device Characterization Through 500 °C and 50 GHz.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2005/02//
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 376
SN  - 00189456
AB  - A high-temperature measurement system capable of performing on-wafer microwave testing of semiconductor devices has been developed. This high-temperature probe station can characterize active and passive devices and circuits at temperatures ranging from room temperature to above 500 °C. The heating system uses a ceramic heater mounted on an insulating block of NASA shuffle tile. The temperature is adjusted by a graphical computer interface and is controlled by the software-based feed- back loop. The system is used with a vector network analyzer to measure scattering parameters over a frequency range from 1 to 50 GHz The microwave probes, cables, and inspection microscope are all shielded to protect from heat damage. The high-temperature probe station has been successfully used to characterize gold transmission lines on silicon carbide at temperatures up to 540 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - MEASURING instruments
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - INTERFACE circuits
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - SILICON carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 15828719; Source Information: Feb2005, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p369; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: MEASURING instruments; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: INTERFACE circuits; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2004.838137
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolyrnerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - Excitation of Coupled Slotline Mode in Finite-Ground CPW With Unequal Ground-Plane Widths.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
PY  - 2005/02//
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 713
EP  - 717
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The coupling between the desired coplanar-wave-guide (CPW) mode and the unwanted coupled slotline mode is presented for finite-ground CPWs with unequal ground-plane widths. Measurements, quasi-static conformal mapping, and finite-difference time-domain analysis are performed to determine the dependence of the slotline-mode excitation on the physical dimensions of the finite-ground coplanar line and on the frequency range of operation. It is shown that the ratio of the slotline mode to the CPW mode can be as high as 10 dB. Air-bridges are shown to reduce the slotline mode by 15 dB immediately after the air-bridge, but the slotline mode fully reestablishes itself within 2000 pm of the air-bridge. Furthermore, these results are independent of frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC waves
KW  - TIME-domain analysis
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16163918; Source Information: Feb2005, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p713; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC waves; Subject Term: TIME-domain analysis; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2004.840571
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ayres, Thomas
AU  - Li, Li
AU  - Trachtman, Doris
AU  - Young, Douglas
T1  - Passenger-side rear-view mirrors: driver behavior and safety
JO  - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
JF  - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 162
SN  - 01698141
AB  - Abstract: Passenger-side rear-view mirrors (PRMs) have been standard equipment on motor vehicles sold in the US for many years, although they are not required by the federal motor vehicle safety standards. Numerous studies documented both the apparent need for PRMs (to overcome visual obstructions) and their apparent value (by increasing visual access to the passenger-side rear). In addition, surveys of drivers have found a general appreciation of the importance of sampling visual information from the rear. Very little can be found, however, regarding the actual safety benefit of PRMs. A review of the research literature and several initial studies (driver observation and accident-data analysis), suggest that PRMs may not be associated with any substantial accident prevention, perhaps because they are not consistently used. Implications and research directions will be discussed. Relevance to Industry: PRMs should have been a success story, having been carefully developed through research to provide important information for safe driving. The apparent failure of PRMs to reduce accident rates in practice illustrates a potential problem with designing and deploying safety features or devices without empirical assessment of normal user behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Traffic accidents
KW  - Traffic safety
KW  - Automobile drivers
KW  - Accident data
KW  - Driver behavior
KW  - Mirror
N1  - Accession Number: 17204468; Ayres, Thomas 1; Li, Li 2; Trachtman, Doris 3; Young, Douglas 3; Affiliations: 1: Consultant, Box 60591, Palo Alto, CA 94306, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center MS 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Exponent, 5401 McConnell Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90066, USA; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p157; Thesaurus Term: Behavior; Subject Term: Traffic accidents; Subject Term: Traffic safety; Subject Term: Automobile drivers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accident data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Driver behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mirror; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ergon.2004.05.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=17204468&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mace, Gerald G.
AU  - Zhang, Yuying
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Yang, Ping
T1  - Evaluation of Cirrus Cloud Properties Derived from MODIS Data Using Cloud Properties Derived from Ground-Based Observations Collected at the ARM SGP Site.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 240
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite has been collecting global data since March 2000 and the one on the Aqua satellite since June 2002. In this paper, cirrus cloud properties derived from ground-based remote sensing data are compared with similar cloud properties derived from MODIS data on Terra. To improve the space–time correlation between the satellite and ground-based observations, data from a wind profiler are used to define the cloud advective streamline along which the comparisons are made. In this paper, approximately two dozen cases of cirrus are examined and a statistical approach to the comparison that relaxes the requirement that clouds occur over the ground-based instruments during the overpass instant is explored. The statistical comparison includes 168 cloudy MODIS overpasses of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) region and approximately 300 h of ground-based cirrus observations. The physical and radiative properties of cloud layers are derived from MODIS data separately by the MODIS Atmospheres Team and the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Science Team using multiwavelength reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation measurements. Using two ground-based cloud property retrieval algorithms and the two MODIS algorithms, a positive correlation in the effective particle size, the optical thickness, the ice water path, and the cloud-top pressure between the various methods is shown, although sometimes there are significant biases. Classifying the clouds by optical thickness, it is demonstrated that the regionally averaged cloud properties derived from MODIS are similar to those diagnosed from the ground. Because of a conservative approach toward identifying thin cirrus pixels over this region, the area-averaged cloud properties derived from the MODIS Atmospheres MOD06 product tend to be biased slightly toward the optically thicker pixels. This bias tendency has implications for model validation and parameterization development applied to thin cirrus retrieved over SGP-like land surfaces. A persistent bias is also found in the derived cloud tops of thin cirrus with both satellite algorithms reporting cloud top several hundred meters less than that reported by the cloud radar. Overall, however, it is concluded that the MODIS retrieval algorithms characterize with reasonable accuracy the properties of thin cirrus over this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Diagnosis
N1  - Accession Number: 16426835; Mace, Gerald G. 1; Email Address: mace@met.utah.edu; Zhang, Yuying 1; Platnick, Steven 2; King, Michael D. 2; Minnis, Patrick 3; Yang, Ping 4; Affiliations: 1: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia.; 4: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p221; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Subject Term: Evaluation; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Diagnosis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of disrupted β1-integrin function on the skeletal response to short-term hindlimb unloading in mice.
AU  - Iwaniec, U. T.
AU  - Wronski, T. J.
AU  - Amblard, D.
AU  - Nishimüra, Y.
AU  - Van Der Meulen, M. C. H.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
AU  - Bourgeois, M. A.
AU  - Damsky, C. D.
AU  - Globus, R. K.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 98
IS  - 2
SP  - 690
EP  - 696
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 15927074; Author: Iwaniec, U. T.: 1 email: iwaniecu@mail.vetmed.ufl.edu. Author: Wronski, T. J.: 1 Author: Amblard, D.: 2 Author: Nishimüra, Y.: 2 Author: Van Der Meulen, M. C. H.: 3 Author: Wade, C. E.: 2 Author: Bourgeois, M. A.: 1 Author: Damsky, C. D.: 4 Author: Globus, R. K.: 2,4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida: 2 Life Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California: 3 Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York: 4 Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco, California; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20050204
N2  - The study was designed to determine whether β1-integrin plays a role in mediating the acute skeletal response to mechanical unloading. Transgenic (TG) mice were generated to express a dominant negative form of β1-integrin under the control of the osteocalcin promoter, which targets expression of the transgene to mature osteoblasts. At 63 days of age, wild-type (WT) and TG mice were subjected to hindlimb unloading by tail suspension for 1 wk. Pair-fed, normally loaded WT and TG mice served as age-matched controls. Bone samples from each mouse were processed for quantitative bone histomorphometry and biomechanical testing. The skeletal phenotype of TG mice was characterized by lower cancellous bone mass in the distal femoral metaphysis (-52%) and lumbar vertebral body (-20%), reduced curvature of the proximal tibia (-20%), and decreased bone strength (-20%) and stiffness (-23%) of the femoral diaphysis with relatively normal indexes of cancellous bone turnover. Hindlimb unloading for only 1 wk induced a 10% decline in tibial curvature and a 30% loss of cancellous bone in the distal femur due to a combination of increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation in both \VT and TO mice. However, the strength and stiffness of the femoral diaphysis were unaffected by short-term hindlimb unloading in both genotypes. The observed increase in osteoclast surface was greater in unloaded TG mice (92%) than in unloaded WT mice (52%). Cancellous bone formation rate was decreased in unloaded WT (-29%) and TO (-15%) mice, but, in contrast to osteoclast surface, the genotype by loading interaction was not statistically significant. The results indicate that altered integrin function in mature osteoblasts may enhance the osteoclastic response to mechanical unloading but that it does not have a major effect on the development of cancellous osteopenia in mice during the early stages of hindlimb unloading. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *BONE resorption
KW  - *BONE remodeling
KW  - *BONES -- Diseases
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - INTEGRINS
KW  - HINDLIMB
KW  - GLYCOPROTEINS
KW  - CELL adhesion molecules
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
T1  - Computation of Domain-Averaged Irradiance Using Satellite-Derived Cloud Properties.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 164
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The respective errors caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation and the effective thickness approximation for computing the domain-averaged broadband shortwave irradiance are evaluated using cloud optical thicknesses derived from 1 h of radiance measurements by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) over footprints of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments. Domains are CERES footprints of which dimension varies approximately from 20 to 70 km, depending on the viewing zenith angle of the instruments. The average error in the top-of-atmosphere irradiance at a 30° solar zenith angle caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation is 6.1 W m-2 (0.005 albedo bias) with a one-layer overcast cloud where a positive value indicates an overestimate by the approximation compared with the irradiance computed using the independent column approximation. Approximately one-half of the error is due to deviations of optical thickness distributions from a gamma distribution and the other half of the error is due to other approximations in the model. The error increases to 14.7 W m-2 (0.012 albedo bias) when the computational layer dividing the cloud layer is increased to four. The increase is because of difficulties in treating the correlation of cloud properties in the vertical direction. Because the optical thickness under partly cloudy conditions, which contribute two-thirds of cloudy footprints, is smaller, the error is smaller than under overcast conditions; the average error for partly cloudy condition is -2.4 W m-2 (-0.002 albedo bias) at a 30° solar zenith angle. The corresponding average error caused by the effective thickness approximation is 0.5 W m-2 for overcast conditions and -21.5 W m-2 (-0.018 albedo bias) for partly cloudy conditions. Although the error caused by the effective thickness approximation depends strongly on the optical thickness, its average error under overcast conditions is smaller than the error caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation because the errors at small and large optical thicknesses cancel each other. Based on these error analyses, the daily average error caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream and effective thickness approximations is less than 2 W m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Anthropometry
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 16320489; Kato, Seiji 1; Email Address: s.kato@larc.nasa.gov; Rose, Fred G. 2; Charlock, Thomas P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia.; 2: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p146; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Anthropometry; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Proctor, Robert W.
T1  - Dual-Task Performance With Ideomotor-Compatible Tasks: Is the Central Processing Bottleneck Intact, Bypassed, or Shifted in Locus?
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 122
EP  - 144
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 00961523
AB  - The present study examined whether the central bottleneck, assumed to be primarily responsible for the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect, is intact, bypassed, or shifted in locus with ideomotor (IM)-compatible tasks. In 4 experiments, factorial combinations of IM- and non-IM-compatible tasks were used for Task 1 and Task 2. All experiments showed substantial PRP effects, with a strong dependency between Task 1 and Task 2 response times. These findings, along with model-based simulations, indicate that the processing bottleneck was not bypassed, even with two IM-compatible tasks. Nevertheless, systematic changes in the PRP and correspondence effects across experiments suggest that IM compatibility shifted the locus of the bottleneck. The findings favor an engage- bottleneck-later hypothesis, whereby parallelism between tasks occurs deeper into the processing stream for IM- than for non-IM-compatible tasks, without the bottleneck being actually eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL tests
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - TASKS
KW  - PERCEPTUAL motor learning
N1  - Accession Number: 16585645; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu; McCann, Robert S. 1; Ruthruff, Eric 1; Proctor, Robert W. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center; 2: Indiana/Purdue University; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p122; Thesaurus Term: TASK performance; Thesaurus Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL tests; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: PERCEPTUAL motor learning; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.122
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Proctor, Robert W.
T1  - Confirming and Disconfirming Theories About Ideomotor Compatibility in Dual-Task Performance: A Reply to Greenwald (2005).
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 226
EP  - 229
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Because small dual-task costs with ideomotor-compatible tasks do not necessarily indicate the absence of a bottleneck, M.-C. Lien, R. S. McCann, E. Ruthruff, and R. W. Proctor (2005) considered additional sources of evidence regarding bottleneck bypass. This evidence argued against complete bottleneck bypass and, instead, supported an engage-bottleneck-later model in which early bottleneck substages are bypassed but late substages are not. A. G. Greenwald (2005), however, contended that M.-C. Lien et al. (2005) did not use the procedures needed to produce complete bottleneck bypass and that a complete bottleneck bypass hypothesis, combined with additional assumptions, could explain their data. The authors contend that this disagreement stems from Greenwald's focus on confirming predictions of complete bottleneck bypass (small dual-task costs) without disconfirming predictions of bottleneck presence. In particular, Greenwald neglects to consider the possibility that a latent bottleneck limitation could also produce small dual-task costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TASK analysis
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - WORK design
KW  - MOTOR ability
KW  - HYPOTHESIS
N1  - Accession Number: 16585677; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu; McCann, Robert S. 2; Ruthruff, Eric 2; Proctor, Robert W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Oregon State University; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center; 3: Indiana/Purdue University; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p226; Thesaurus Term: TASK analysis; Thesaurus Term: TASK performance; Thesaurus Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Thesaurus Term: WORK design; Subject Term: MOTOR ability; Subject Term: HYPOTHESIS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.226
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=16585677&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2005-01366-010
AN  - 2005-01366-010
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Proctor, Robert W.
T1  - Dual-Task Performance With Ideomotor-Compatible Tasks: Is the Central Processing Bottleneck Intact, Bypassed, or Shifted in Locus?
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
SP  - 122
EP  - 144
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0096-1523
SN  - 1939-1277
AD  - Lien, Mei-Ching, Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, 204C Moreland Hall, Corvallis, OR, US, 97331
N1  - Accession Number: 2005-01366-010. PMID: 15709868 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Lien, Mei-Ching; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, US. Release Date: 20060710. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Cognitive Processes; Dual Task Performance; Reaction Time; Task Complexity. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Age Group: Adolescence (13-17 yrs) (200); Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320). Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 23. Issue Publication Date: Feb, 2005. Publication History: Accepted Date: Jul 22, 2004; Revised Date: Jul 22, 2004; First Submitted Date: Aug 21, 2003. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2005. 
AB  - The present study examined whether the central bottleneck, assumed to be primarily responsible for the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect, is intact, bypassed, or shifted in locus with ideomotor (IM)-compatible tasks. In 4 experiments, factorial combinations of IM- and non-IM-compatible tasks were used for Task 1 and Task 2. All experiments showed substantial PRP effects, with a strong dependency between Task 1 and Task 2 response times. These findings, along with model-based simulations, indicate that the processing bottleneck was not bypassed, even with two IM-compatible tasks. Nevertheless, systematic changes in the PRP and correspondence effects across experiments suggest that IM compatibility shifted the locus of the bottleneck. The findings favor an engage-bottleneck-later hypothesis, whereby parallelism between tasks occurs deeper into the processing stream for IM- than for non-IM-compatible tasks, without the bottleneck being actually eliminated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - central processing bottleneck
KW  - dual task performance
KW  - ideomotor-compatible tasks
KW  - locus shift
KW  - psychological refractory period
KW  - 2005
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - Dual Task Performance
KW  - Reaction Time
KW  - Task Complexity
DO  - 10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.122
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2005-01366-010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - mei.lien@oregonstate.edu
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2005-01366-018
AN  - 2005-01366-018
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Proctor, Robert W.
T1  - Confirming and Disconfirming Theories About Ideomotor Compatibility in Dual-Task Performance: A Reply to Greenwald (2005).
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
SP  - 226
EP  - 229
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0096-1523
SN  - 1939-1277
AD  - Lien, Mei-Ching, Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, 204C Moreland Hall, Corvallis, OR, US, 97331
N1  - Accession Number: 2005-01366-018. PMID: 15709876 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Lien, Mei-Ching; Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, US. Release Date: 20060710. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Comment/Reply. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Cognitive Processes; Dual Task Performance; Reaction Time; Task Complexity. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 4. Issue Publication Date: Feb, 2005. Publication History: Accepted Date: Sep 10, 2004; First Submitted Date: Sep 7, 2004. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2005. 
AB  - Because small dual-task costs with ideomotor-compatible tasks do not necessarily indicate the absence of a bottleneck, M.-C. Lien, R. S. McCann, E. Ruthruff, and R. W. Proctor (see record [rid]2005-01366-010[/rid]) considered additional sources of evidence regarding bottleneck bypass. This evidence argued against complete bottleneck bypass and, instead, supported an engage-bottleneck-later model in which early bottleneck substages are bypassed but late substages are not. A. G. Greenwald (see record [rid]2005-01366-017[/rid]), however, contended that M.-C. Lien et al. did not use the procedures needed to produce complete bottleneck bypass and that a complete bottleneck bypass hypothesis, combined with additional assumptions, could explain their data. The authors contend that this disagreement stems from Greenwald's focus on confirming predictions of complete bottleneck bypass (small dual-task costs) without disconfirming predictions of bottleneck presence. In particular, Greenwald neglects to consider the possibility that a latent bottleneck limitation could also produce small dual-task costs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved)
KW  - central processing bottleneck
KW  - dual task performance
KW  - ideomotor-compatible tasks
KW  - locus shift
KW  - psychological refractory period
KW  - 2005
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - Dual Task Performance
KW  - Reaction Time
KW  - Task Complexity
DO  - 10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.226
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2005-01366-018&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - mei.lien@oregonstate.edu
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scalice, Daniella
AU  - Wilmoth, Krisstina
T1  - Professional Development and Resource for Educators in Astrobiology.
JO  - Science Teacher
JF  - Science Teacher
J1  - Science Teacher
PY  - 2005/02//
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 10
SN  - 00368555
AB  - Looks into the works of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute in the field of astrobiology. Result of the interdisciplinary research in astrobiology; Commitment of the researchers to educators; Innovation and delivery of classroo materials and professional development for educators in astrobiology.
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching
KW  - TEACHERS
KW  - EDUCATION
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 15837072; Source Information: Feb2005, Vol. 72 Issue 2, p10; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: TEACHERS; Subject Term: EDUCATION; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
T1  - Uncertainty Quantification for Systems with Random Initial Conditions Using Wiener–Hermite Expansions.
JO  - Studies in Applied Mathematics
JF  - Studies in Applied Mathematics
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
EP  - 188
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00222526
AB  - A number of engineering problems, including laminar-turbulent transition in convectively unstable flows, require predicting the evolution of a nonlinear dynamical system under uncertain initial conditions. The method of Wiener–Hermite expansion is an attractive alternative to modeling methods, which solve for the joint probability density function of the stochastic amplitudes. These problems include the“curse of dimensionality” and closure problems. In this paper, we apply truncated Wiener–Hermite expansions with both fixed and time-varying bases to a model stochastic system with three degrees of freedom. The model problem represents the combined effects of quadratic nonlinearity and stochastic initial conditions in a generic setting and occurs in related forms in both classical dynamics, turbulence theory, and the nonlinear theory of hydrodynamic stability. In this problem, the truncated Wiener–Hermite expansions give a good account of short-time behavior, but not of the long-time relaxation characteristic of this system. It is concluded that successful application of truncated Wiener–Hermite expansions may require special adaptations for each physical problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Studies in Applied Mathematics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - STOCHASTIC systems
N1  - Accession Number: 15557063; Rubinstein, Robert 1; Email Address: r.rubinstein@larc.nasa.gov; Choudhari, Meelan; Affiliations: 1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 114 Issue 2, p167; Thesaurus Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Thesaurus Term: PROBABILITY theory; Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC systems; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.0022-2526.2005.01543.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Carlos G.
AU  - Camanho, Pedro P.
AU  - Rose, Cheryl A.
T1  - Failure Criteria for FRP Laminates.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2005/02/15/
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 345
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A new set of six phenomenological failure criteria for fiber-reinforced polymer laminates denoted LaRC03 is described. These criteria can predict matrix and fiber failure accurately, without the curve-fitting parameters. For matrix failure under transverse compression, the angle of the fracture plane is solved by maximizing the Mohr-Coulomb effective stresses. A criterion for fiber kinking is obtained by calculating the fiber misalignment under load and applying the matrix failure criterion in the coordinate frame of the misalignment. Fracture mechanics models of matrix cracks are used to develop a criterion for matrix failure in tension and to calculate the associated in situ strengths. The LaRC03 criteria are applied to a few examples to predict failure load envelopes and to predict the failure mode for each region of the envelope. The analysis results are compared to the predictions using other available failure criteria and with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - QUADRATIC equations
KW  - STRESS-strain curves
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - crack
KW  - failure criterion
KW  - matrix cracking
KW  - polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)
N1  - Accession Number: 55354662; Davila, Carlos G. 1; Email Address: c.g.davila@larc.nasa.gov; Camanho, Pedro P. 2; Rose, Cheryl A. 3; Source Information: Feb2005, Vol. 39 Issue 4, p323; Subject: POLYMERIC composites; Subject: LAMINATED materials; Subject: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject: QUADRATIC equations; Subject: STRESS-strain curves; Subject: MATRICES; Author-Supplied Keyword: crack; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure criterion; Author-Supplied Keyword: matrix cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8305
L3  - 10.1177/0021998305046452
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Planetary science: Being there.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/02/24/
VL  - 433
IS  - 7028
M3  - Article
SP  - 814
EP  - 815
SN  - 00280836
AB  - This article focuses on information related to planetary science. Noble gases are the flotsam of the Solar System. They seem simple: they shun chemistry, they are difficult to freeze, and they accumulate in atmospheres. Current fashion posits four stages in the growth of an Earth: coagulation of grains into boulders; gathering of the boulders into aggregates of kilometer dimensions; runaway accretion of those aggregates into Moon-sized protoplanets; and giant collisions between the protoplanets to make planets. The first three stages are thought to have taken no more than a million years in total,whereas the fourth played out over tens of millions of years or more.
KW  - Noble gases
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Planetary theory
KW  - Boulders
KW  - Planets
KW  - Solar system
N1  - Accession Number: 16201511; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin.j.zahnle@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA.; Issue Info: 2/24/2005, Vol. 433 Issue 7028, p814; Thesaurus Term: Noble gases; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Subject Term: Planetary theory; Subject Term: Boulders; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Solar system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/433814b
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flasar, F. M.
AU  - Achterberg, R. K.
AU  - Conrath, B. J.
AU  - Pearl, J. C.
AU  - Bjoraker, G. L.
AU  - Jennings, D. E.
AU  - Romani, P. N.
AU  - Simon-Miller, A. A.
AU  - Kunde, V. G.
AU  - Nixon, C. A.
AU  - Bézard, B.
AU  - Orton, C. S.
AU  - Spilker, L. J.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Irwin, P. G. J.
AU  - Teanby, N. A.
AU  - Owen, T. C.
AU  - Brasunas, J.
AU  - Segura, M. E.
AU  - Carlson, R. C.
T1  - Temperatures, Winds, and Composition in the Saturnian System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/02/25/
VL  - 307
IS  - 5713
M3  - Article
SP  - 1247
EP  - 1251
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Stratospheric temperatures on Saturn imply a strong decay of theequatorial winds with altitude. If the decrease in winds reported fromrecent Hubble Space Telescope images is not a temporal change, then thefeatures tracked must have been at least 130 kilometers higher than inearlier studies. Saturn's south polar stratosphere is warmer thanpredicted from simple radiative models. The C/H ratio on Saturn is seventimes solar, twice Jupiter's. Saturn's ring temperatures have radialvariations down to the smallest scale resolved (100 kilometers). Diurnalsurface temperature variations on Phoebe suggest a more porous regoliththan on the Jovian satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Artificial satellites -- Equatorial orbits
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
KW  - Outer planets
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Gas giants
N1  - Accession Number: 16348447; Flasar, F. M. 1; Email Address: f.m.flasar@nasa.gov; Achterberg, R. K. 2; Conrath, B. J. 3; Pearl, J. C. 1; Bjoraker, G. L. 1; Jennings, D. E. 1; Romani, P. N. 1; Simon-Miller, A. A. 1; Kunde, V. G. 4; Nixon, C. A. 4; Bézard, B. 5; Orton, C. S. 6; Spilker, L. J. 6; Spencer, J. R. 7; Irwin, P. G. J. 8; Teanby, N. A. 8; Owen, T. C. 9; Brasunas, J. 1; Segura, M. E. 10; Carlson, R. C. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 5900 Princess Garden Parkway, Suite 300, Lanham, MD 20706, USA.; 3: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; 4: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.; 5: Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), CNRS-UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-91925 Meudon Cedex, France.; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 7: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.; 8: Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.; 9: University of Hawaii, Institute of Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.; 10: QSS Group, Inc., 4500 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706, USA.; Issue Info: 2/25/2005, Vol. 307 Issue 5713, p1247; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Artificial satellites -- Equatorial orbits; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Subject Term: Outer planets; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Gas giants; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3693
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciesla, Fred
AU  - Lauretta, Dante
T1  - Radial migration and dehydration of phyllosilicates in the solar nebula
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2005/02/28/
VL  - 231
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: While it is currently thought that Earth''s water was delivered by hydrous minerals, the origin of these minerals is still debated. Nebular models suggest that the area where the Earth formed was too hot for these minerals to form, leading many to believe that they were delivered by large planetary embryos which formed in the outer asteroid belt region of the solar nebula. Others have argued that the hydrous minerals were present during the early accretion phase of the Earth in order to explain different aspects of its geochemistry and therefore, must have formed locally, implying that the nebula must have been cooler than the models predict. In this paper we explore a new possibility: that these hydrous minerals were formed in the outer asteroid belt region of the solar nebula and were then brought into the hotter regions of the nebula by gas drag where they were incorporated into the planetesimals which formed there. The hydrated minerals were able to survive for long periods of time in this hot region due to the sluggish dehydration kinetics. We find that this process need not have been efficient, requiring only a small amount (∼few percentages) of the material in the outer asteroid belt region of the nebula to be subject to this process. This delivery mechanism provides a way for hydrous minerals to be incorporated early on into the planetesimals which were accreted by the Earth without having to alter the generally accepted solar nebula models that are consistent with meteoritic and asteroidal observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Inner planets
KW  - Solar system
KW  - meteorites
KW  - planet formation
KW  - solar nebula
KW  - water
N1  - Accession Number: 17411649; Ciesla, Fred 1; Email Address: ciesla@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov; Lauretta, Dante 2; Email Address: lauretta@lpl.arizona.edu; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94043, United States; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Issue Info: Feb2005, Vol. 231 Issue 1/2, p1; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Subject Term: Inner planets; Subject Term: Solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: water; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.12.022
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swartz, W. H.
AU  - Yee, J. -H.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
AU  - Hall, S. R.
AU  - Lefer, B. L.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Browell, E. V.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
T1  - Column ozone and aerosol optical properties retrieved from direct solar irradiance measurements during SOLVE II.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 611
EP  - 622
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Direct observation of the Sun at large solar zenith angles during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II)/Validation of International Satellites and study of Ozone Loss (VINTERSOL) campaign by several instruments provided a rich dataset for the retrieval and analysis of line-of-sight column composition, intercomparison, and measurement validation. A flexible, multi-species spectral fitting technique is presented and applied to spectral solar irradiance measurements made by the NCAR Direct beam Irradiance Atmospheric Spectrometer (DIAS) on-board the NASA DC-8. The approach allows for the independent retrieval of O3, O2⋅O2, and aerosol optical properties, by constraining Rayleigh extinction. We examine the 19 January 2003 and 6 February 2003 flights and find very good agreement of O3 and O2⋅O2 retrievals with forward-modeling calculations, even at large solar zenith angles, where refraction is important. Intercomparisons of retrieved ozone and aerosol optical thickness with results from the Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Zenith distance
KW  - Rayleigh scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 20982728; Swartz, W. H. 1; Email Address: bill.swartz@jhuapl.edu; Yee, J. -H. 1; Shetter, R. E. 2; Hall, S. R. 2; Lefer, B. L. 2; Livingston, J. M. 3; Russell, P. B. 4; Browell, E. V. 5; Avery, M. A. 5; Affiliations: 1: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA; 2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 5: University of Houston, Department of Geosciences, Houston, Texas, US; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p611; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Oxygen; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Zenith distance; Subject Term: Rayleigh scattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spang, R.
AU  - Remedios, J. J.
AU  - Kramer, L. J.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Fromm, M. D.
AU  - Müller, M.
AU  - Baumgarten, G.
AU  - Konopka, P.
T1  - Polar stratospheric cloud observations by MIPAS on ENVISAT: detection method, validation and analysis of the northern hemisphere winter 2002/2003.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 679
EP  - 692
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) on ENVISAT has made extensive measurements of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the northern hemisphere winter 2002/2003. A PSC detection method based on a ratio of radiances (the cloud index) has been implemented for MIPAS and is validated in this study with respect to ground-based lidar and space borne occultation measurements. A very good correspondence in PSC sighting and cloud altitude between MIPAS detections and those of other instruments is found for cloud index values of less than four. Comparisons with data from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) III are used to further show that the sensitivity of the MIPAS detection method for this threshold value of cloud index is approximately equivalent to an extinction limit of 10-3 km-1 at 1022 nm, a wavelength used by solar occultation experiments. The MIPAS cloud index data are subsequently used to examine, for the first time with any technique, the evolution of PSCs throughout the Arctic polar vortex up to a latitude close to 90° north on a near-daily basis. We find that the winter of 2002/2003 is characterised by three phases of very different PSC activity. First, an unusual, extremely cold phase in the first three weeks of December resulted in high PSC occurrence rates. This was followed by a second phase of only moderate PSC activity from 5-13 January, separated from the first phase by a minor warming event. Finally there was a third phase from February to the end of March where only sporadic and mostly weak PSC events took place. The composition of PSCs during the winter period has also been examined, exploiting in particular an infra-red spectral signature which is probably characteristic of NAT. The MIPAS observations show the presence of these particles on a number of occasions in December but very rarely in January. The PSC type differentiation from MIPAS indicates that future comparisons of PSC observations with microphysical and denitrification models might be revealing about aspects of solid particle existence and location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Winter
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - Interferometry
N1  - Accession Number: 20982732; Spang, R. 1; Email Address: r.spang@fz-juelich.de; Remedios, J. J. 2; Kramer, L. J. 2; Poole, L. R. 3; Fromm, M. D. 4; Müller, M. 5; Baumgarten, G. 6; Konopka, P. 1; Affiliations: 1: ICG I, Research Centre Jüulich, Germany; 2: EOS/SRC, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, UK; 3: Atmospheric Science Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Computational Physics, Incorporated, Springfield, Virginia, USA; 5: Alfred Wegener Institute, Potsdam, Germany; 6: Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Kühlungsborn, Germany; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p679; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: Interferometry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Svendsen, S. H.
AU  - Larsen, N.
AU  - Knudsen, B.
AU  - Eckermann, S. D.
AU  - Browell, E. V.
T1  - Influence of mountain waves and NAT nucleation mechanisms on polar stratospheric cloud formation at local and synoptic scales during the 1999-2000 Arctic winter.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 739
EP  - 753
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - A scheme for introducing mountain wave-induced temperature pertubations in a microphysical PSC model has been developed. A data set of temperature fluctuations attributable to mountain waves as computed by the Mountain Wave Forecast Model (MWFM-2) has been used for the study. The PSC model has variable microphysics, enabling different nucleation mechanisms for nitric acid trihydrate, NAT, to be employed. In particular, the difference between the formation of NAT and ice particles in a scenario where NAT formation is not dependent on preexisting ice particles, allowing NAT to form at temperatures above the ice frost point, Tice, and a scenario, where NAT nucleation is dependent on preexisting ice particles, is examined. The performance of the microphysical model in the different microphysical scenarios and a number of temperature scenarios with and without the influence of mountain waves is tested through comparisons with lidar measurements of PSCs made from the NASA DC-8 on 23 and 25 January during the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign in the 1999-2000 winter and the effect of mountain waves on local PSC production is evaluated in the different microphysical scenarios. Mountain waves are seen to have a pronounced effect on the amount of ice particles formed in the simulations. Quantitative comparisons of the amount of solids seen in the observations and the amount of solids produced in the simulations show the best correspondence when NAT formation is allowed to take place at temperatures above Tice. Mountain wave-induced temperature fluctuations are introduced in vortex-covering model runs, extending the full 1999-2000 winter season, and the effect of mountain waves on large-scale PSC production is estimated in the different microphysical scenarios. It is seen that regardless of the choice of microphysics ice particles only form as a consequence of mountain waves whereas NAT particles form readily as a consequence of the synoptic conditions alone if NAT nucleation above Tice is included in the simulations. Regardless of the choice of microphysics, the inclusion of mountain waves increases the amount of NAT particles by as much as 10%. For a given temperature scenario the choice of NAT nucleation mechanism may alter the amount of NAT substantially; three-fold increases are easily found when switching from the scenario which requires preexisting ice particles in order for NAT to form to the scenario where NAT forms independently of ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Influence of mountains on weather
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Mountain wave
KW  - Nucleation
N1  - Accession Number: 20982736; Svendsen, S. H. 1; Email Address: shs@dmi.dk; Larsen, N. 1; Knudsen, B. 1; Eckermann, S. D. 2; Browell, E. V. 3; Affiliations: 1: Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p739; Thesaurus Term: Influence of mountains on weather; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Mountain wave; Subject Term: Nucleation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Smith, J. B.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Pittman, J. V.
AU  - Weinstock, E. M.
AU  - Sayres, D. S.
AU  - Herman, R. L.
AU  - Troy, R. F.
AU  - Rosenlof, K.
AU  - Thompson, T. L.
AU  - Fridlind, A. M.
AU  - Hudson, P. K.
AU  - Cziczo, D. J.
AU  - Heymsfield, A. J.
AU  - Schmitt, C.
AU  - Wilson, J. C.
T1  - Ice supersaturations exceeding 100% at the cold tropical tropopause: implications for cirrus formation and dehydration.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 851
EP  - 862
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Recent in situ measurements at tropical tropopause temperatures as low as 187K indicate supersaturations with respect to ice exceeding 100% with little or no ice present. In contrast, models used to simulate cloud formation near the tropopause assume a supersaturation threshold for ice nucleation of about 65% based on laboratory measurements of aqueous aerosol freezing. The high supersaturations reported here, along with cloud simulations assuming a plausible range of temperature histories in the sampled air mass, indicate that the vast majority of aerosols in the air sampled on this flight must have had supersaturation thresholds for ice nucleation exceeding 100%(i.e. near liquid water saturation at these temperatures). Possible explanations for this high threshold are that (1) the expressions used for calculating vapor pressure over supercooled water at low temperatures give values are at least 20% too low, (2) organic films on the aerosol surfaces reduce their accommodation coefficient for uptake of water, resulting in aerosols with more concentrated solutions when moderate-rapid cooling occurs and correspondingly inhibited homogeneous freezing, and (3) if surface freezing dominates, organic coatings may increase the surface energy of the ice embryo/vapor interface resulting in suppressed ice nucleation. Simulations of in situ cloud formation in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) throughout the tropics indicate that if decreased accommodation coefficients and resulting high thresholds for ice nucleation prevailed throughout the tropics, then the calculated occurrence frequency and areal coverage of TTL cirrus would be significantly suppressed. However, the simulations also show that even if in situ TTL cirrus form only over a very small fraction of the tropics in the western Pacific, enough air passes through them due to rapid horizontal transport such that they can still effectively freeze-dry air entering the stratosphere. The TTL cirrus simulations show that even if very large supersaturations are required for ice nucleation, these large supersaturations should occur very rarely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Nucleation
N1  - Accession Number: 20982742; Jensen, E. J. 1; Email Address: ejensen@cirrus.arc.nasa.gov; Smith, J. B. 2; Pfister, L. 1; Pittman, J. V. 2; Weinstock, E. M. 2; Sayres, D. S. 2; Herman, R. L. 3; Troy, R. F. 4; Rosenlof, K. 5; Thompson, T. L. 5; Fridlind, A. M. 1; Hudson, P. K. 5,6; Cziczo, D. J. 5,6; Heymsfield, A. J. 7; Schmitt, C. 7; Wilson, J. C. 8; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA; 4: University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 5: Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p851; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Nucleation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iraci, L. T.
AU  - Michelsen, R. R.
AU  - Ashbourn, S. F. M.
AU  - Rammer, T. A.
AU  - Golden, D. M.
T1  - Uptake of hypobromous acid (HOBr) by aqueous sulfuric acid solutions: low-temperature solubility and reaction.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1213
EP  - 1239
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Hypobromous acid (HOBr) is a key species linking inorganic bromine to the chlorine and odd hydrogen chemical families. We have measured the solubility of HOBr in 45-70 wt% sulfuric acid solutions representative of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosol composition. Over the temperature range 201-252 K, HOBr is quite soluble in sulfuric acid, with an effective Henry's law coefficient, H*=104-107 mol L-1 atm-1. H* is inversely dependent on temperature, with ΔH=-45.0±5.4 kJ mol-1 and ΔS=-101±24 J mol-1 K-1 for 55-70 wt% H2SO4 solutions. Our study includes temperatures which overlap both previous measurements of HOBr solubility. For uptake into 55-70 wt% H2SO4, the solubility is described by log H*=(2349±280)/T-(5.27±1.24). At temperatures colder than ∼213 K, the solubility of HOBr in 45 wt% H2SO4 is at least a factor of five larger than in 70 wt% H2SO4, with log H*=(3665±270)/T-(10.63±1.23). The solubility of HOBr is comparable to that of HBr, indicating that upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosols should contain equilibrium concentrations of HOBr which equal or exceed those of HBr. Upon uptake of HOBr into aqueous sulfuric acid in the presence of other brominated gases, particularly for 70 wt% H2SO4 solution, our measurements demonstrate chemical reaction of HOBr followed by evolution of gaseous products including Br2O and Br2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sulfuric acid
KW  - Bromine
KW  - Chlorine
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Solubility
N1  - Accession Number: 18890289; Iraci, L. T. 1; Email Address: laura.t.iraci@nasa.gov; Michelsen, R. R. 1,2; Ashbourn, S. F. M. 1,3; Rammer, T. A. 4; Golden, D. M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: National Research Council Resident Associate, USA; 3: Earth Tech, Ltd., London, UK; 4: SRI International NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; 5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p1213; Thesaurus Term: Sulfuric acid; Thesaurus Term: Bromine; Thesaurus Term: Chlorine; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Solubility; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupnowski, P.
AU  - Gentz, M.
AU  - Sutter, J.K.
AU  - Kumosa, M.
T1  - An evaluation of the elastic properties and thermal expansion coefficients of medium and high modulus graphite fibers
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 338
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: In this work, the elastic properties and coefficients of thermal expansion of T650-35, M40J and M60J graphite fibers were determined from the macroscopic properties of either unidirectional and/or woven composites of these fibers embedded in polyimide resins. The T650-35 fibers were embedded in a PMR-15 matrix, whereas the M40J and M60J fibers were embedded in a PMR-II-50 polyimide. The three-component oscillator resonance method was employed to determine the elastic properties of the unidirectional and woven composites and their neat resins. The macroscopic coefficients of thermal expansion of the composites and the neat resins were measured by length dilatometry. Subsequently, the fiber properties were calculated from the unidirectional composite macro-data using the Eshelby/Mori-Tanaka approach. For the woven composites, a finite element approach based on the concept of a representative volume element was employed to determine the elastic and thermal properties of the fibers. In the case of the T650-35 fibers, both the longitudinal and transverse elastic and thermal properties of the fibers determined from the unidirectional and woven composites agreed very well with each other. However, for the M40J fibers, noticeable differences were observed between the fiber properties determined from the unidirectional and woven system, which was attributed to the lack of transverse isotropy of the unidirectional system. Since the properties of the M60J fibers were evaluated only from the woven system no direct comparison could be made between the properties obtained from the unidirectional and woven composite architectures. Overall, the methodology was shown to be highly applicable for the accurate determination of fiber properties from both unidirectional and woven systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - B. Elasticity
KW  - B. Thermal properties
KW  - High modulus graphite fibers
N1  - Accession Number: 15669742; Rupnowski, P. 1; Gentz, M. 1; Sutter, J.K. 2; Kumosa, M. 1; Email Address: mkumosa@du.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Structures, University of Denver, 2390 S. York St, Denver, CO 80208, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p327; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Elasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: High modulus graphite fibers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.07.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beard, Karen H.
AU  - Wang, Deane
AU  - Waite, Carl E.
AU  - Decker, Kelly L. M.
AU  - Hawley, Gary J.
AU  - DeHayes, Donald D.
AU  - Hughes, Jeffery W.
AU  - Cumming, Jonathan R.
T1  - Quantifying Ecosystem Controls and Their Contextual Interactions on Nutrient Export from Developing Forest Mesocosms.
JO  - Ecosystems
JF  - Ecosystems
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 224
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14329840
AB  - The complexity of natural ecosystems makes it difficult to compare the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors and to assess the effects of their interactions on ecosystem development. To improve our understanding of ecosystem complexity, we initiated an experiment designed to quantify the main effects and interactions of several factors that are thought to affect nutrient export from developing forest ecosystems. Using a replicated 2 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment, we qualified the main effects of these factors and the factor interactions on annual calcium, magnesium, and potassium export from field mesocosms over 4 years for two Vermont locations, two soils, and four different tree seedling communities. We found that the main effects explained 56%-97% of total variation in nutrient export. Abiotic factors (location and soil) accounted for a greater percentage of the total variation in nutrient export (47%-94%) than the biotic factor (plant community) (2%-15%). However, biotic control over nutrient export was significant, even when biomass was minimal. Factor interactions were often significant, but they explained less of the variation in nutrient export (l%-33%) than the main effects. Year-to-year fluctuations influenced the relative importance of the main effects in determining nutrient export and created factor interactions between most of the explanatory variables. Our study suggests that when research is focused on typically used main effects, such as location and soil, and interactions are aggregated \n\v overall error terms, important information about the factors controlling ecosystem processes can be lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ecosystems is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Wildlife conservation
KW  - Conservation of natural resources
KW  - Nature conservation
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Forest ecology
KW  - calcium
KW  - climate
KW  - contextual interactions
KW  - ecosystem development
KW  - leachate
KW  - location
KW  - magnesium
KW  - nutrient export
KW  - plant community
KW  - potassium
KW  - soil
N1  - Accession Number: 17471571; Beard, Karen H. 1; Email Address: kbeard@cc.usu.edu; Wang, Deane 1; Waite, Carl E. 1; Decker, Kelly L. M. 2; Hawley, Gary J. 1; DeHayes, Donald D. 1; Hughes, Jeffery W. 1; Cumming, Jonathan R. 3; Affiliations: 1: School of Natural Resources, Aiken Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA; 2: Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 3: Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p210; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Wildlife conservation; Thesaurus Term: Conservation of natural resources; Thesaurus Term: Nature conservation; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Thesaurus Term: Forest ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: calcium; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: contextual interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem development; Author-Supplied Keyword: leachate; Author-Supplied Keyword: location; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnesium; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrient export; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant community; Author-Supplied Keyword: potassium; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/sl0021-004-0041-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline
AU  - Geiger, Cherie
AU  - Clausen, Chris
AU  - Brooks, Kathleen
AU  - Coon, Christina
AU  - O'Hara, Suzanne
AU  - Krug, Thomas
AU  - Major, David
AU  - Yoon, Woong-Sang
AU  - Gavaskar, Arun
AU  - Holdsworth, Thomas
T1  - Field Demonstration of DNAPL Dehalogenation Using Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/03//3/1/2005
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1309
EP  - 1318
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - This paper describes the results of the first field-scale demonstration conducted to evaluate the performance of nanoscale emulsified zero-valent iron (EZVI) injected into the saturated zone to enhance in situ dehalogenation of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) containing trichloroethene (TCE). EZVI is an innovative and emerging remediation technology. EZVI is a surfactant-stabilized, biodegradable emulsion that forms emulsion droplets consisting of an oil-liquid membrane surrounding zero- valent iron (ZVI) particles in water. EZVI was injected over a five day period into eight wells in a demonstration test area within a larger DNAPL source area at NASA's Launch Complex 34 (LC34) using a pressure pulse injection method. Soil and groundwater samples were collected before and after treatment and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to evaluate the changes in VOC mass, concentration and mass flux. Significant reductions in TCE soil concentrations (>80%) were observed at four of the six soil sampling locations within 90 days of EZVI injection. Somewhat lower reductions were observed at the other two soil sampling locations where visual observations suggest that most of the EZVI migrated up above the target treatment depth. Significant reductions in TCE groundwater concentrations (57 to 100%) were observed at all depths targeted with EZVI. Groundwater samples from the treatment area also showed significant increases in the concentrations of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene. The decrease in concentrations of TCE in soil and groundwater samples following treatment with EZVI is believed to be due to abiotic degradation associated with the ZVI as well as biodegradation enhanced by the presence of the oil and surfactant in the EZVI emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dense nonaqueous phase liquids
KW  - Iron
KW  - In situ remediation
KW  - Liquids
KW  - Surface active agents
KW  - Nonaqueous phase liquids
N1  - Accession Number: 16348664; Quinn, Jacqueline 1; Email Address: Jacqueline.W.Quinn@nasa.gov.; Geiger, Cherie 2; Clausen, Chris 2; Brooks, Kathleen 2; Coon, Christina 2; O'Hara, Suzanne 3; Krug, Thomas 3; Email Address: tkrug@geosyntec.com.; Major, David 3; Yoon, Woong-Sang 4; Gavaskar, Arun 4; Holdsworth, Thomas 5; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Stop YA-C3-C, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899; 2: University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816; 3: GeoSyntec Consultants, Inc., 130 Research Lane, Suite 2, Guelph, Ontario, NJG 5G3 Canada; 4: Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201; 5: U.S. EPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Issue Info: 3/1/2005, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p1309; Thesaurus Term: Dense nonaqueous phase liquids; Thesaurus Term: Iron; Thesaurus Term: In situ remediation; Thesaurus Term: Liquids; Thesaurus Term: Surface active agents; Thesaurus Term: Nonaqueous phase liquids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuqin Xiong
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert R.
T1  - Study of Behavior of Digital Modulations for Beam Steerable Reflectarray Antennas.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2005/03//
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1083
EP  - 1097
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - This paper investigates the bit error rate (BER) performance of digital modulations in a system with a scanning reflectarray antenna. A reflectarray causes intersymbol interference (ISI) in a digitally modulated signal, its phase shifters' phase errors cause signal distortion, and its phase shifters' phase transient causes beam pattern degradation during direction switching. In this paper, composite signal models of the reflectarray are established for both static and transient states. Due to different feed-to-element distances and the element-to-observation distances, different delays exist in signal components. These delays cause IS! whose effect Is analyzed and evaluated. Effects of phase shifters' phase errors and phase transient during beam switching are also analyzed and evaluated. Numerical calculations and simulations are performed. The analytical and simulation results for an example reflectarray at fc = 26.5 GHz and bit rate of 1.325 Gbps show that the BER degradation due to ISI is proportional to the symbol rate and the loss ranges from about 1 dB to around 2 dB in Eb/No, depending on original Eb/No, for BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM. The phase error effect is negligible for lower order modulations and is unacceptable for higher order modulations such as 64QAM and 2S6QAM. The degradation due to phase transient effect is about 2 dB for BPSK and QPSK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - DIGITAL modulation
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - MODULATION (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16403877; Source Information: Mar2005, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p1083; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: DIGITAL modulation; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: MODULATION (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2004.842694
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymann, Michael
AU  - Feng Lin
AU  - Meyer, George
AU  - Stefan Resmerita
T1  - Analysis of Zeno Behaviors in a Class of Hybrid Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 383
SN  - 00189286
AB  - This note investigates conditions for existence of Zeno behaviors (where a system undergoes an unbounded number of discrete transitions in a finite length of time) in a class of hybrid systems. Zeno behavior occurs, for example, when a controller unsuccessfully attempts to satisfy an invariance specification by switching the system among different configurations faster and faster. Two types of Zeno systems are investigated: (1) strongly Zeno systems where all runs of the system are Zeno and (2) (weakly) Zeno systems where only some runs of the system are Zeno. For constant-rate and bounded-rate hybrid systems and some nonlinear generalizations, necessary and sufficient conditions for both Zenoness and strong Zenoness are derived. The analysis is based on studying the trajectory set of a certain "equivalent" continuous-time system that is associated with the dynamic equations of the hybrid system. The relation between the possibility of existence of Zeno behaviors in a system and the problem of existence of non-Zeno safety controllers (that keep the system in a specified region of its operating space) is also examined. It is shown that in certain Zeno systems, a minimally-interventive safety controller may not exist, even if a safety controller exists, disproving a conjecture made earlier in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - HYBRID computer simulation
KW  - ELECTRICAL engineering
KW  - ELECTRIC power systems
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
N1  - Accession Number: 16557085; Heymann, Michael 1; Email Address: heymann@cs.technion.ac.il; Feng Lin 2,3; Email Address: flin@ece.eng.wayne.edu; Meyer, George 4; Email Address: George.Meyer-1@nasa.gov; Stefan Resmerita 1; Email Address: stefan@cs.technion.ac.il; Affiliations: 1: Department of Computer Science, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.; 2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; 3: School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p376; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: HYBRID computer simulation; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL engineering; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAC.2005.843874
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Advanced Structural Dynamics and Active Control of Structures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 419
EP  - 419
SN  - 00189286
AB  - Reviews the book "Advanced Structural Dynamics and Active Control of Structures," by W.K. Gawronski.
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - GAWRONSKI, W. K.
KW  - ADVANCED Structural Dynamics & Active Control of Structures (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 16557094; Joshi, Suresh M. 1; Email Address: s.m.joshi@Iarc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p419; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: ADVANCED Structural Dynamics & Active Control of Structures (Book); People: GAWRONSKI, W. K.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1109/TAC.2005.843842
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
AU  - Oza, Nikunj C.
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne
T1  - Virtual Sensors: Using Data Mining Techniques to Efficiently Estimate Remote Sensing Spectra.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 590
EP  - 600
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Various instruments are used to create images of the earth and other objects in the universe in a diverse set of wavelength bands with the aim of understanding natural phenomena. Sometimes these instruments are built in a phased approach, with additional measurement capabilities added in later phases. In other cases, technology may mature to the point that the instrument offers new measurement capabilities that were not planned in the original design of the Instrument. In still other cases, high-resolution spectral measurements may be too costly to perform on a large sample, and therefore, lower resolution spectral instruments are used to take the majority of measurements. Many applied science questions that are relevant to the earth science remote sensing community require analysis of enormous amounts of data that were generated by instruments with disparate measurement capabilities. This paper addresses this problem using virtual sensors: a method that uses models trained on spectrally rich (high spectral resolution) data to "fill in" unmeasured spectral channels in spectrally poor (low spectral resolution) data. The models we use in this paper are multilayer perceptions, support vector machines (SVMs) with radial basis function kernels, and SVMs with mixture density Mercer kernels. We demonstrate this method by using models trained on the high spectral resolution Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument to estimate what the equivalent of the MODIS 1.6-μm channel would be for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/2) instrument. The scientific motivation for the simulation of the 1 .6-pm channel is to improve the ability of the AVHRR/2 sensor to detect clouds over snow and ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - FREE-space optical technology
N1  - Accession Number: 16275045; Srivastava, Ashok N. 1; Email Address: ashok@emai.arc.nasa.gov; Oza, Nikunj C. 1; Stroeve, Julienne 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; 2: National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p590; Thesaurus Term: DATA mining; Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: FREE-space optical technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.842406
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lucia, David J.
AU  - Beran, Philip S.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Aeroelastic System Development Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Volterra Theory.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/03//Mar/Apr2005
Y1  - 2005/03//Mar/Apr2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 509
EP  - 518
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Volterra theory and proper orthogonal decomposition are combined into a hybrid methodology for reduced-order modeling of aeroelastic systems. The outcome of the method is a set of linear ordinary differential equations describing the modal amplitudes associated with both the structural modes and the proper orthogonal decomposition basis functions for the fluid. The structural modes are sine waves of varying frequency, and the new approach is applied to the fluid dynamics equations. The structural modes are treated as forcing terms that are impulsed as part of the fluid model realization. By the use of this approach, structural and fluid operators are coupled into a single aeroelastic operator while the parameter (or parameters) of interest for sensitivity analysis are preserved. The approach is applied to an elastic panel in supersonic crossflow. The resulting aeroelastic model provides correct limit-cycle oscillation prediction over a wide range of panel dynamic pressure values. Time integration of the reduced-order aeroelastic model is four orders of magnitude faster than the high-order solution procedure developed by the use of traditional fluid and structural solvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLTERRA equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DECOMPOSITION method (Mathematics)
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 16848450; Source Information: Mar/Apr2005, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p509; Subject Term: VOLTERRA equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION method (Mathematics); Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pyatt, Hollis E.
AU  - Albrecht, Bruce A.
AU  - Fairall, Chris
AU  - Hare, J. E.
AU  - Bond, Nicholas
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
T1  - Evolution of Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure across the Cold Tongue–ITCZ Complex.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 737
EP  - 753
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean is influenced by spatial variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the region. As the MABL air is advected across a strong SST gradient associated with the cold tongue–ITCZ complex (CTIC), substantial changes occur in the thermodynamic structure, surface fluxes, and cloud properties. This study attempts to define and explain the variability in the MABL structure and clouds over the CTIC. Using data collected on research cruises from the fall seasons of 1999–2001, composite soundings were created for both the cold and warm sides of the SST front to describe the mean atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structure and its evolution across this front. The average difference in SST across this front was ∼6°C; much of this difference was concentrated in a band only ∼50 km wide. During the fall seasons, on the cold side of the gradient, a well-defined inversion exists in all years. Below this inversion, both fair-weather cumulus and stratiform clouds are observed. As the MABL air moves over the SST front to warmer waters, the inversion weakens and increases in height. The MABL also moistens and eventually supports deeper convection over the ITCZ. Both the latent and sensible heat fluxes increase dramatically across the SST front because of both an increase in SST and surface wind speed. Cloudiness is variable on the cold side of the SST front ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 coverage. On the warm side, cloud fraction was quite constant in time, with values generally greater than 0.8. The highest cloud-top heights (>3 km) are found well north of the SST front, indicating areas of deeper convection. An analysis using energy and moisture budgets identifies the roles of various physical processes in the MABL evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Cloudiness
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Heat -- Convection
N1  - Accession Number: 16787691; Pyatt, Hollis E. 1; Albrecht, Bruce A. 1; Email Address: balbrecht@rsmas.miami.edu; Fairall, Chris 2; Hare, J. E. 2; Bond, Nicholas 3; Minnis, Patrick 4; Ayers, J. Kirk 5; Affiliations: 1: Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; 2: NOAA/ETL, Boulder, Colorado; 3: JISAO/University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 4: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Analytical Sciences and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p737; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Cloudiness; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Oceanography; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Heat -- Convection; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 17 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdel-Hady, Faissal
AU  - Baaklini, George
AU  - Gowayed, Yasser
AU  - Creighton, Ryan
AU  - Dongyeon Lee
AU  - Trudell, Jeffery
T1  - Manufacture and NDE of Multi-direction Composite Flywheel Rims.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 421
AB  - A universal winding machine is designed and constructed to manufacture a Multi-direction Composite (MDC) flywheel. The machine has three translation axes (XYZ) for the main carriage, three rotation axes around XYZ and an axis of mandrel rotation. Radial rings comprising fibers in the radial direction and hoop rings with fibers in the hoop direction are manufactured using this machine. Multiple hoop and radial rings are assembled in a special assembly mold to form an MDC rim. Manufacturing details and results of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) using X-ray and thermal techniques conducted of radial and hoop rings are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WINDING machines
KW  - FLYWHEELS
KW  - ARBORS & mandrels
KW  - X-rays
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - composite manufacture
KW  - filament winding
KW  - flywheels
KW  - multi-direction composite (MDC)
KW  - nondestructive evaluation (NDE)
KW  - thermal imaging
KW  - X-ray
N1  - Accession Number: 16889064; Abdel-Hady, Faissal 1; Baaklini, George 2; Gowayed, Yasser 1; Creighton, Ryan 1; Dongyeon Lee 1; Trudell, Jeffery 2; Source Information: 2005, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p413; Subject: WINDING machines; Subject: FLYWHEELS; Subject: ARBORS & mandrels; Subject: X-rays; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite manufacture; Author-Supplied Keyword: filament winding; Author-Supplied Keyword: flywheels; Author-Supplied Keyword: multi-direction composite (MDC); Author-Supplied Keyword: nondestructive evaluation (NDE); Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684405044897
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Randall, C. E.
AU  - Manney, G. L.
AU  - Allen, D. R.
AU  - Bevilacqua, R. M.
AU  - Hornstein, J.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Lahoz, W.
AU  - Ajtic, J.
AU  - Bodeker, G.
T1  - Reconstruction and Simulation of Stratospheric Ozone Distributions during the 2002 Austral Winter.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/03//3/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 748
EP  - 764
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Satellite-based solar occultation measurements during the 2002 austral winter have been used to reconstruct global, three-dimensional ozone distributions. The reconstruction method uses correlations between potential vorticity and ozone to derive “proxy” distributions from the geographically limited occultation observations. Ozone profiles from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM III), and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II and III (SAGE II and III) are incorporated into the analysis. Because this is one of the first uses of SAGE III data in a scientific analysis, preliminary validation results are shown. The reconstruction method is described, with particular emphasis on uncertainties caused by noisy and/or multivalued correlations. The evolution of the solar occultation data and proxy ozone fields throughout the winter is described, and differences with respect to previous winters are characterized. The results support the idea that dynamical forcing early in the 2002 winter influenced the morphology of the stratosphere in a significant and unusual manner, possibly setting the stage for the unprecedented major stratospheric warming in late September. The proxy is compared with ozone from mechanistic, primitive equation model simulations of passive ozone tracer fields during the time of the warming. In regions where chemistry is negligible compared to transport, the model and proxy ozone fields agree well. The agreement between, and changes in, the large-scale ozone fields in the model and proxy indicate that transport processes, particularly enhanced poleward transport and mixing, are the primary cause of ozone changes through most of the stratosphere during this unprecedented event. The analysis culminates with the calculation of globally distributed column ozone during the major warming, showing quantitatively how transport of low-latitude air to the polar region in the middle stratosphere led to the diminished ozone hole in 2002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Gases
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
KW  - Spherical astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 16701936; Randall, C. E. 1; Email Address: cora.randall@lasp.colorado.edu; Manney, G. L. 2,3; Allen, D. R. 4; Bevilacqua, R. M. 4; Hornstein, J. 4; Trepte, C. 5; Lahoz, W. 6; Ajtic, J. 7; Bodeker, G. 3; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.; 3: Department of Natural Sciences, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico.; 4: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C.; 5: Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia & Data Assimilation Research Centre, Reading, United Kingdom.; 6: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Central Otago, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.; 7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Issue Info: 3/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p748; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Gases; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Subject Term: Spherical astronomy; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desmidt, Hans A.
AU  - Smith, Edward C.
AU  - Wang, K. W.
AU  - Provenza, Andrew J.
T1  - On the Robust Stability of Segmented Driveshafts with Active Magnetic Bearing Control.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 317
EP  - 329
SN  - 10775463
AB  - Many researchers and engineers have employed active control techniques, such as active magnetic bearings (AMBs), to suppress imbalance vibration in various subcritical and supercritical speed rotor-dynamic applications. One issue that has not yet been addressed in previous AMB driveline control studies is the effect of non-constant velocity (NCV) flexible couplings, such as U-joint or disk-type couplings, present in many segmented drivelines. The NCV effects introduce periodic parametric and forcing terms into the equations of motion that are functions of shaft speed, driveline misalignment, and load-torque, resulting in a linear periodically time-varying system. Previous research has found that both internal damping and NCV terms greatly impact stability; thus, they must be accounted for in the control law design in order to ensure closed-loop stability of any AMB-NCV-driveline system. In this paper, numerical Floquet theory is used to explore the closed-loop stability of a flexible segmented NCV-driveline supported by AMBs with a proportional-derivative (PD) type controller. To ensure robust stability with respect to internal damping and NCV effects, the robust P and D gains and AMB locations are selected based on maximizing a stability index over a range of shaft speeds, driveline misalignments, and load-torques. It is found that maximum robustness occurs within a finite range of P and D gains for several different AMB locations. Finally, the range of robustly stabilizing P gains versus the shaft speed is examined for several misalignment and load-torque bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC bearings
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - magnetic bearings
KW  - periodic systems
KW  - robust control
KW  - Supercritical driveline
N1  - Accession Number: 16989191; Desmidt, Hans A. 1; Smith, Edward C. 1; Wang, K. W. 1; Email Address: kwwang@psu.edu; Provenza, Andrew J. 2; Source Information: Mar2005, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p317; Subject: MAGNETIC bearings; Subject: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject: ROBUST control; Subject: AUTOMATIC control; Subject: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: periodic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supercritical driveline; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1077546305051200
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Penko, Paul F.
T1  - Old Wheels.
JO  - Mechanical Engineering
JF  - Mechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 127
IS  - 3
M3  - Letter
SP  - 6
EP  - 6
PB  - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
SN  - 00256501
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor about the effect of technology on the development of human culture and history.
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 16260502; Penko, Paul F. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center Brook Park, Ohio; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 127 Issue 3, p6; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Number of Pages: 1/7p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 190
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sheila G. Bailey
AU  - Thomas Morton
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - Progress in Photovoltaics
JF  - Progress in Photovoltaics
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 91
SN  - 10627995
N1  - Accession Number: 22923531; Sheila G. Bailey 1; Thomas Morton 1; Affiliations: 1: Photovoltaics and Space Environments Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p91; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brian J. Landi
AU  - Ryne P. Raffaelle
AU  - Stephanie L. Castro
AU  - Sheila G. Bailey
T1  - Single-wall carbon nanotubepolymer solar cells.
JO  - Progress in Photovoltaics
JF  - Progress in Photovoltaics
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 172
SN  - 10627995
AB  - Investigation of single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)polymer solar cells has been conducted towards developing alternative lightweight, flexible devices for space power applications. Photovoltaic devices were constructed with regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene)-(P3OT) and purified, >95% w/w, laser-generated SWNTs. The P3OT composites were deposited on ITO-coated polyethylene terapthalate (PET) and IV characterization was performed under simulated AM0 illumination. Fabricated devices for the 1.0% w/w SWNTP3OT composites showed a photoresponse with an open-circuit voltage Voc of 0.98?V and a short-circuit current density (Isc) of 0.12?mA/cm2. Future optimization of carrier transport and exciton dissociation within these novel photovoltaic systems is proposed to derive from incorporation of nanostructureSWNT complexes into the polymer. Copyright  2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Photovoltaics is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Nanotubes
N1  - Accession Number: 22923534; Brian J. Landi 1; Ryne P. Raffaelle 1; Stephanie L. Castro 2; Sheila G. Bailey 3; Affiliations: 1: NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; 2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, OH 44142, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p165; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Subject Term: Polymers; Subject Term: Nanotubes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinberg, Susan L.
AU  - Poritz, Darwin
T1  - Measurement of Hydraulic Characteristics of Porous Media Used to Grow Plants in Microgravity.
JO  - Soil Science Society of America Journal
JF  - Soil Science Society of America Journal
Y1  - 2005/03//Mar/Apr2005
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 310
SN  - 03615995
AB  - Understanding the effect of gravity on hydraulic properties of plant growth medium is essential for growing plants in space. The suitability of existing models to simulate hydraulic properties of porous medium is uncertain due to limited understanding of fundamental mechanisms controlling water and air transport in microgravity. The objective of this research was to characterize saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) of two particle-size distributions of baked ceramic aggregate using direct measurement techniques compatible with microgravity. Steady state (Method A) and instantaneous profile measurement (Method B) methods for K were used in a single experimental unit with horizontal flow through thin sections of porous medium providing an earth-based analog to microgravity. Comparison between methods was conducted using a crossover experimental design compatible with limited resources of space flight. Satiated (natural saturation) K ranged from 0.09 to 0.12 cm s-1 and 0.5 to >1 cm s-1 for 0.25- to 1- and 1- to 2-mm media, respectively. The K at the interaggregate/intraaggregate transition was ≈10-4 cm s-1 for both particle-size distributions. Significant differences in log10K due to method and porous medium were less than one order of magnitude and were attributed to variability in air entrapment. The van Genuchten/Mualem parametric models provided an adequate prediction of K of the interaggregate pore space, using residual water content for that pore space. The instantaneous profile method covers the range of water contents relevant to plant growth using fewer resources than Method A, all advantages for space flight where mass, volume, and astronaut time are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Soil Science Society of America Journal is the property of American Society of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Hydraulics
KW  - Porous materials
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Electric conductivity
KW  - Ceramic materials
N1  - Accession Number: 16556802; Steinberg, Susan L. 1; Email Address: susan.1.steinberg1@jsc.nasa.gov; Poritz, Darwin 2; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association, Mail Code EC3; 2: Hernandez Engineering, Mail Code C77, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058; Issue Info: Mar/Apr2005, Vol. 69 Issue 2, p301; Thesaurus Term: Plant growth; Thesaurus Term: Hydraulics; Subject Term: Porous materials; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Electric conductivity; Subject Term: Ceramic materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutter, B.
AU  - Hossner, L. R.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
T1  - Dissolution Kinetics of Iron-, Manganese-, and Copper-Containing Synthetic Hydroxyapatites.
JO  - Soil Science Society of America Journal
JF  - Soil Science Society of America Journal
Y1  - 2005/03//Mar/Apr2005
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 362
EP  - 370
SN  - 03615995
AB  - Micronutrient-substituted synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) is being evaluated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program for crop production on long-duration human missions to the International Space Station or for future Lunar or Martian outposts. The stirred-flow technique was utilized to characterize Ca, P, Fe, Mn, and Cu release characteristics from Fe-, Mn-, and Cu-containing SHA in deionized (DI) water, citric acid, and diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA). Initially, Ca and P release rates decreased rapidly with time and were controlled by a non-SHA calcium phosphate phase(s) with low Ca/P solution molar ratios (0.91-1.51) relative to solid SHA ratios (1.56-1.64). At later times, Ca/P solution molar ratios (1.47-1.79) were near solid SHA ratios and release rates decreased slowly indicating that SHA controlled Ca and P release. Substituted SHA materials had faster dissolution rates relative to unsubstituted SHA. The initial metal release rate order was Mn » Cu > Fe which followed metal-oxide/ phosphate solubility suggesting that poorly crystalline metal-oxides/ phosphates were dominating metal release. Similar metal release rates for all substituted SHA (approximately 0.01 cmol kg-1 min-1) at the end of the DTPA experiment indicated that SHA dissolution was supplying the metals into solution and that poorly crystalline metaloxide/phosphates were not controlling metal release. Results indicate that non-SHA Ca-phosphate phases and poorly crystalline metaloxide/phosphates will contribute Ca, P, and metals. After these phases have dissolved, substituted SHA will be the source of Ca, P, and metals for plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Soil Science Society of America Journal is the property of American Society of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Manganese
KW  - Copper
KW  - Chemical processes
KW  - Hydroxyapatite
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 16556809; Sutter, B. 1; Email Address: bsutter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Hossner, L. R. 2; Ming, D. W. 3; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; 2: Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843; 3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058; Issue Info: Mar/Apr2005, Vol. 69 Issue 2, p362; Thesaurus Term: Manganese; Thesaurus Term: Copper; Subject Term: Chemical processes; Subject Term: Hydroxyapatite; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject Term: Crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.
AU  - McLamb, William
T1  - Surviving Atmospheric Spacecraft Breakup.
JO  - Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.)
JF  - Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.)
Y1  - 2005///Spring2005
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 32
PB  - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.
SN  - 10806032
AB  - Spacecraft travel higher and faster than aircraft, making breakup potentially less survivable. As with aircraft breakup, the dissipation of lethal forces via spacecraft breakup around an organism is likely to greatly increase the odds of survival. By employing a knowledge of space and aviation physiology, comparative physiology, and search-and-rescue techniques, we were able to correctly predict and execute the recovery of live animals following the breakup of the space shuttle Columbia. In this study, we make what is, to our knowledge, the first report of an animal, Caenorhabditis elegans, surviving the atmospheric breakup of the spacecraft that was supporting it and discuss both the lethal events these animals had to escape and the implications for search and rescue following spacecraft breakup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.) is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Space shuttles
KW  - Rescue work
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - astronauts
KW  - disasters
KW  - life-support systems
KW  - rescue work
KW  - space flight
N1  - Accession Number: 16567543; Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. 1; Email Address: nate@alumni.cmu.edu; McLamb, William 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Life Research and Disaster Assistance and Rescue Team, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; 2: Bionetics Corporation, Mail Code BIO-3, Kennedy Space Center, FL; Issue Info: Spring2005, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Space flight; Subject Term: Space shuttles; Subject Term: Rescue work; Subject Term: Caenorhabditis elegans; Author-Supplied Keyword: astronauts; Author-Supplied Keyword: disasters; Author-Supplied Keyword: life-support systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: rescue work; Author-Supplied Keyword: space flight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Maosheng
AU  - Heinsch, Faith Ann
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Running, Steven W.
T1  - Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/03/30/
VL  - 95
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 164
EP  - 176
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: MODIS primary production products (MOD17) are the first regular, near-real-time data sets for repeated monitoring of vegetation primary production on vegetated land at 1-km resolution at an 8-day interval. But both the inconsistent spatial resolution between the gridded meteorological data and MODIS pixels, and the cloud-contaminated MODIS FPAR/LAI (MOD15A2) retrievals can introduce considerable errors to Collection4 primary production (denoted as C4 MOD17) results. Here, we aim to rectify these problems through reprocessing key inputs to MODIS primary vegetation productivity algorithm, resulting in improved Collection5 MOD17 (here denoted as C5 MOD17) estimates. This was accomplished by spatial interpolation of the coarse resolution meteorological data input and with temporal filling of cloud-contaminated MOD15A2 data. Furthermore, we modified the Biome Parameter Look-Up Table (BPLUT) based on recent synthesized NPP data and some observed GPP derived from some flux tower measurements to keep up with the improvements in upstream inputs. Because MOD17 is one of the down-stream MODIS land products, the performance of the algorithm can be largely influenced by the uncertainties from upstream inputs, such as land cover, FPAR/LAI, the meteorological data, and algorithm itself. MODIS GPP fits well with GPP derived from 12 flux towers over North America. Globally, the 3-year MOD17 NPP is comparable to the Ecosystem Model–Data Intercomparison (EMDI) NPP data set, and global total MODIS GPP and NPP are inversely related to the observed atmospheric CO2 growth rates, and MEI index, indicating MOD17 are reliable products. From 2001 to 2003, mean global total GPP and NPP estimated by MODIS are 109.29 Pg C/year and 56.02 Pg C/year, respectively. Based on this research, the improved global MODIS primary production data set is now ready for monitoring ecological conditions, natural resources and environmental changes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Aerial photogrammetry
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Global primary production
KW  - Improvements
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 17464579; Zhao, Maosheng 1; Email Address: zhao@ntsg.umt.edu; Heinsch, Faith Ann 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Running, Steven W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Dept. of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Mar2005, Vol. 95 Issue 2, p164; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Aerial photogrammetry; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Improvements; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peters, Brian
AU  - Bloomberg, Jacob
T1  - Dynamic visual acuity using “far” and “near” targets.
JO  - Acta Oto-Laryngologica
JF  - Acta Oto-Laryngologica
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 125
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
EP  - 357
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00016489
AB  - Conclusions DVA may be useful for assessing the functional consequences of an impaired gaze stabilization mechanism or for testing the effectiveness of a rehabilitation paradigm. Because target distance influences the relative contributions of canal and otolith inputs, the ability to measure DVA at near and far viewing distances may also lead to tests that will independently assess canal and otolith function.Objective To present and test a methodology that uses dynamic visual acuity (DVA) to assess the efficacy of compensatory gaze mechanisms during a functionally relevant activity that differentially measures canal and otolith function.Material and methods The effect of treadmill walking at a velocity of 1.79 m/s on subjects’ visual acuity was assessed at each of two viewing distances. A custom-written threshold determination program was used to display Landolt C optotypes on a laptop computer screen during a “far” (4 m) target condition and on a micro-display for a “near” (50 cm) target condition. The walking acuity scores for each target distance were normalized by subtracting a corresponding acuity measure obtained while standing still on the treadmill belt.Results As predicted by subjective reports of relative target motion, the decrease in visual acuity was significantly greater (p<0.00001) for the near compared to the far condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Oto-Laryngologica is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISUAL acuity
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - VISION
KW  - TREADMILLS (Exercise equipment)
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - WALKING
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Canal function
KW  - compensatory gaze mechanisms
KW  - dynamic visual acuity
KW  - otolith function
KW  - target distance
N1  - Accession Number: 16669965; Peters, Brian 1; Email Address: bpeters@ems.jsc.nasa.gov; Bloomberg, Jacob 2; Source Information: Apr2005, Vol. 125 Issue 4, p353; Subject: VISUAL acuity; Subject: VISUAL perception; Subject: VISION; Subject: TREADMILLS (Exercise equipment); Subject: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject: WALKING; Subject: REHABILITATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canal function; Author-Supplied Keyword: compensatory gaze mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic visual acuity; Author-Supplied Keyword: otolith function; Author-Supplied Keyword: target distance; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00016480410024631
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Raleigh, Christopher
AU  - New, Michael H.
AU  - Henson, Joan
T1  - Effects of Artificial Defoliation of Pines on the Structure and Physiology of the Soil Fungal Community of a Mixed Pine-Spruce Forest.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 71
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1996
EP  - 2000
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Loss of photosynthetic area can affect soil microbial communities by altering the availability of fixed carbon. We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and Biolog filamentous-fungus plates to determine the effects of artificial defoliation of pines in a mixed pine-spruce forest on the composition of the fungal community in a forest soil. As measured by DGGE, two fungal species were affected significantly by the defoliation of pines (P < 0.001); the frequency of members of the ectomyeorrhizal fungus genus Cenococcum decreased significantly, while the frequency of organisms of an unidentified soil fungus increased. The decrease in the amount of Cenococcum organisms may have occurred because of the formation of extensive hyphal networks by species of this genus, which require more of the carbon fixed by their host, or because this fungus is dependent upon quantitative differences in spruce root exudates. The defoliation of pines did not affect the overall composition of the soil fungal community or fungal-species richness (number of species per core). Biolog filamentous-fungus plate assays indicated a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the number of carbon substrutes utilized by the soil fungi and the rate at which these substrates were used, which could indicate an increase in fungal-species richness. Thus, either small changes in the soil fungal community give rise to significant increases in physiological capabilities or PCR bias limits the reliability of the DGGE results. These data indicate that combined genetic and physiological assessments of the soil fungal community are needed to accurately assess the effect of disturbance on indigenous microbial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Soils
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Defoliation
KW  - Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
KW  - Electrophoresis
N1  - Accession Number: 16880242; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: kcullings@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Raleigh, Christopher 1; New, Michael H. 2; Henson, Joan 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, D.C.; 3: Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 71 Issue 4, p1996; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Soils; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Defoliation; Subject Term: Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis; Subject Term: Electrophoresis; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.71.4.1996-2000.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freitas, Saulo
AU  - Longo, Karla
AU  - Silva Dias, Maria
AU  - Silva Dias, Pedro
AU  - Chatfield, Robert
AU  - Prins, Elaine
AU  - Artaxo, Paulo
AU  - Grell, Georg
AU  - Recuero, Fernando
T1  - Monitoring the transport of biomass burning emissions in South America.
JO  - Environmental Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Environmental Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 167
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 15677419
AB  - The atmospheric transport of biomass burning emissions in the South American and African continents is being monitored annually using a numerical simulation of air mass motions; we use a tracer transport capability developed within RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) coupled to an emission model. Mass conservation equations are solved for carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate material (PM2.5). Source emissions of trace gases and particles associated with biomass burning activities in tropical forest, savanna and pasture have been parameterized and introduced into the model. The sources are distributed spatially and temporally and assimilated daily using the biomass burning locations detected by remote sensing. Advection effects (at grid scale) and turbulent transport (at sub-grid scale) are provided by the RAMS parameterizations. A sub-grid transport parameterization associated with moist deep and shallow convection, not explicitly resolved by the model due to its low spatial resolution, has also been introduced. Sinks associated with the process of wet and dry removal of aerosol particles and chemical transformation of gases are parameterized and introduced in the mass conservation equation. An operational system has been implemented which produces daily 48-h numerical simulations (including 24-h forecasts) of CO and PM2.5, in addition to traditional meteorological fields. The good prediction skills of the model are demonstrated by comparisons with time series of PM2.5 measured at the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Fluid Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Air pollution monitoring
KW  - Air masses
KW  - South America
KW  - aerosol transport
KW  - air pollution
KW  - atmospheric modeling
KW  - biomass burning
KW  - climate change
KW  - long-distance transport
KW  - weather forecast
N1  - Accession Number: 16505905; Freitas, Saulo 1; Email Address: sfreitas@cptec.inpe.br; Longo, Karla 1; Silva Dias, Maria 2; Silva Dias, Pedro 2; Chatfield, Robert 3; Prins, Elaine 4; Artaxo, Paulo 2; Grell, Georg 5,6; Recuero, Fernando 2; Affiliations: 1: Center for Weather Prediction and Climate Studies - CPTEC/INPE, Brazil; 2: University of São Paulo, Brazil; 3: NASA Ames Research Center U.S.A.; 4: NOAA/NESDIS/ORA, Madison, WI, US.A.; 5: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science (CFRES), University, Colorado; 6: NOAA Research - Forecast Systems Laboratory, Boulder CO, US.A.; Issue Info: April2005, Vol. 5 Issue 1/2, p135; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Subject: South America; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosol transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomass burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: long-distance transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: weather forecast; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10652-005-0243-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zander, R.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Duchatelet, P.
AU  - Servais, C.
AU  - Roland, G.
AU  - DelBouille, L.
AU  - de Mazière, M.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
T1  - Evolution of a dozen non-CO 2 greenhouse gases above central Europe since the mid-1980s.
JO  - Environmental Sciences (15693430)
JF  - Environmental Sciences (15693430)
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 2
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 303
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 15693430
AB  - High-resolution infrared solar observations have been conducted consistently since the mid-1980s at the International Scientific Station of the Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, by the GIRPAS-ULg team (Groupe Infra-Rouge de Physique Atmosphérique et Solaire-University of Liège), and by colleagues from the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy and from the Royal Observatory of Belgium, Brussels. These observations were performed with state-of-the-art Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers, revealing specific absorption features of over 20 atmospheric gases in the middle-infrared. Related spectrometric analyses have allowed the derivation of their burdens, seasonal and inter-annual variability, as well as their long-term evolution. In addition to updates of long-term changes for CCl 2 F 2 , CHClF 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, SF 6 , CO, C 2 H 6 and C 2 H 2 already dealt with at previous Non-CO 2 Greenhouse Gases (NCGG) symposia, this paper further reports temporal evolutions observed during the past two decades for a series of other source gases, namely OCS, HCN, CCl 3 F and CCl 4 , which also have direct or indirect effects on the radiation balance of the troposphere and on the stratospheric ozone layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Sciences (15693430) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biological monitoring
KW  - Pollution prevention
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Greenhouse gas mitigation
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Conferences & conventions
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - greenhouse gases
KW  - monitoring
KW  - Montreal and Kyoto Protocols
N1  - Accession Number: 19301876; Zander, R. 1; Email Address: R.Zander@ulg.ac.be; Mahieu, E. 1; Demoulin, P. 1; Duchatelet, P. 1; Servais, C. 1; Roland, G. 1; DelBouille, L. 1; de Mazière, M. 2; Rinsland, C. P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; 2: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium; 3: NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 2 Issue 2/3, p295; Thesaurus Term: Biological monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Pollution prevention; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gas mitigation; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Subject Term: Conferences & conventions; Subject Term: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: greenhouse gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Montreal and Kyoto Protocols; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15693430500397152
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jolly, William M.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Running, Steven W.
T1  - A generalized, bioclimatic index to predict foliar phenology in response to climate.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 619
EP  - 632
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - The phenological state of vegetation significantly affects exchanges of heat, mass, and momentum between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. Although current patterns can be estimated from satellites, we lack the ability to predict future trends in response to climate change. We searched the literature for a common set of variables that might be combined into an index to quantify the greenness of vegetation throughout the year. We selected as variables: daylength (photoperiod), evaporative demand (vapor pressure deficit), and suboptimal (minimum) temperatures. For each variable we set threshold limits, within which the relative phenological performance of the vegetation was assumed to vary from inactive (0) to unconstrained (1). A combined Growing Season Index (GSI) was derived as the product of the three indices. Ten-day mean GSI values for nine widely dispersed ecosystems showed good agreement (r>0.8) with the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We also tested the model at a temperate deciduous forest by comparing model estimates with average field observations of leaf flush and leaf coloration. The mean absolute error of predictions at this site was 3 days for average leaf flush dates and 2 days for leaf coloration dates. Finally, we used this model to produce a global map that distinguishes major differences in regional phenological controls. The model appears sufficiently robust to reconstruct historical variation as well as to forecast future phenological responses to changing climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - climate change
KW  - global
KW  - minimum temperature
KW  - model
KW  - phenology
KW  - photoperiod
KW  - vapor pressure deficit
N1  - Accession Number: 16646766; Jolly, William M. 1; Email Address: mattj@ntsg.umt.edu; Nemani, Ramakrishna 2; Running, Steven W. 1; Affiliations: 1: NTSG, College of Forestry and Conservation, SC428, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.; 2: NASA AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p619; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation dynamics; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Phenology; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: global; Author-Supplied Keyword: minimum temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; Author-Supplied Keyword: phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: photoperiod; Author-Supplied Keyword: vapor pressure deficit; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00930.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Haag, M. Uujt
AU  - Sayre, J.
AU  - Campbell, J.
AU  - Young, S. D.
AU  - Gray, R. A.
T1  - Terrain Database Integrity Monitoring for Synthetic Vision Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 386
EP  - 406
SN  - 00189251
AB  - A real-time terrain database integrity monitor for synthetic vision systems (SVS) that are to be used in civil aviation is presented. SVS provides pilots with advanced display technology including terrain information as well as other information about the external environment such as obstacles and traffic. The use of SVS to support strategic and tactical decision-making and the compelling nature of the terrain depiction may require terrain database server certification at the essential and flight-critical levels. SVS and terrain database characteristics are discussed and a failure model is identified. Real-time integrity monitors are proposed that check the consistency between terrain profiles described by the database and terrain profiles that are sensed in flight by either a downward-looking (DWL) sensor or a forward-looking (FWL) sensor. A DWL sensor scheme is discussed in detail and it is shown that this scheme can provide the necessary integrity required for an essential certification of a terrain database server. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 17521825; de Haag, M. Uujt 1; Email Address: uijtdeha@ohio.edu; Sayre, J. 1; Campbell, J. 1; Young, S. D. 2; Email Address: steven.d.young@nasa.gov; Gray, R. A. 3; Email Address: rxg31@psu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Ohio University.; 2: NASA Langley Research Center.; 3: Pennsylvania State University.; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p386; Thesaurus Term: DATABASES; Thesaurus Term: PROBLEM solving; Thesaurus Term: DECISION making; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - Govindan, T. R.
T1  - Wave Currents in a Helicon Plasma Source-Model Results.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2005/04//Apr2005 Part 1 of 3
Y1  - 2005/04//Apr2005 Part 1 of 3
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 374
EP  - 375
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The propagation of wave components of plasma current in a helicon source is shown. The simulation results are obtained by self-consistently solving the wave equations with the discharge balance equations in a two-dimensional axisymmetric plasma reactor. The space charge wave is also included to model the Trivelpiece-Gould wave mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA waves
KW  - HELICON
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - WAVE equation
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - PLASMA dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 17939333; Source Information: Apr2005 Part 1 of 3, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p374; Subject Term: PLASMA waves; Subject Term: HELICON; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: WAVE equation; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: PLASMA dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2005.845306
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remy, Jerome
AU  - Biennier, L.
AU  - Salama, F.
T1  - Plasma in a Pulsed Discharge Environment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2005/04//Apr2005 Part 1 of 3
Y1  - 2005/04//Apr2005 Part 1 of 3
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 554
EP  - 555
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The plasma generated in a pulsed slit discharge nozzle is used to form molecular ions in an astrophysically relevant environment. The plasma has been characterized as a glow discharge in the abnormal regime. Laboratory studies help understand the formation processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) ions that are thought to be the source of the ubiquitous unidentified infrared bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - IONS
KW  - PLASMA astrophysics
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - GLOW discharges
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
N1  - Accession Number: 17939423; Source Information: Apr2005 Part 1 of 3, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p554; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: PLASMA astrophysics; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: GLOW discharges; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2005.845937
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
AU  - Johnston, James C.
T1  - On the Limits of Advance Preparation for a Task Switch: Do People Prepare All the Task Some of the Time or Some of the Task All the Time?
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 315
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 00961523
AB  - This study investigated the nature of advance preparation for a task switch, testing 2 key assumptions of R. De Jong's (2000) failure-to-engage theory: (a) Task-switch preparation is all-or-none, and (b) preparation failures stem from nonutilization of available control capabilities. In 3 experiments, switch costs varied dramatically across individual stimulus-response (S-R) pairs of the tasks--virtually absent for 1 pair but large for others. These findings indicate that, across trials, task preparation was not all-or-none but, rather, consistently partial (full preparation for some S-R pairs but not others). In other words, people do not prepare all of the task some of the time, they prepare some of the task all of the time. Experiments 2 and 3 produced substantial switch costs even though time deadlines provided strong incentives for optimal advance preparation. Thus, there was no evidence that people have a latent capability to fully prepare for a task switch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - DEADLINES
KW  - TIME management
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL psychology
KW  - EVIDENCE
KW  - TASKS
N1  - Accession Number: 16720387; Lien, Mei-Ching 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu; Ruthruff, Eric 2; Remington, Roger W. 2; Johnston, James C. 2; Affiliations: 1: Oregon State University.; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center.; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 31 Issue 2, p299; Thesaurus Term: TASK performance; Thesaurus Term: DEADLINES; Thesaurus Term: TIME management; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL psychology; Subject Term: EVIDENCE; Subject Term: TASKS; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0096-1523.31.2.299
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Ho-Jun
T1  - Layerwise Laminate Analysis of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Bimorph Beams.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 365
EP  - 372
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - A layerwise finite element formulation developed for piezoelectric materials is used to investigate the displacement and stress response of a functionally graded piezoelectric bimorph actuator. The formulation is based on the principles of linear thermopiezoelectricity and accounts for the coupled mechanical, electrical, and thermal responses of piezoelectric materials. The layerwise laminate theory is implemented into a linear beam element in order to provide a more accurate representation of the transverse and shear effects that are induced by the increased inhomogeneities introduced through-the-thickness by the functionally graded materials. The accuracy of the formulation is verified with previously published experimental results for a piezoelectric bimorph actuator. Additional studies are conducted to analyze the impact of electric and thermal loads on the deflections and stresses in a bimorph actuator. Results of the study help to demonstrate the capability of the layerwise theory to provide a more complete representation of the through-the-thickness effects that are no longer negligible even in thin piezoelectric beams. In addition, the effects of varying piezoelectric properties through-the-thickness of the beam are shown to provide additional benefits in minimizing the induced deformations and stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - BIMORPHS
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - ELECTRICITY
KW  - finite element method
KW  - functionally graded materials.
KW  - layerwise laminate theory
KW  - piezoelectric materials
KW  - smart materials
N1  - Accession Number: 17105615; Lee, Ho-Jun 1; Email Address: Ho-Jun.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structural Mechanics and Dynamics Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road Mail Stop 49-8, Cleveland, Ohio 44135-3191, USA.; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p365; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC control; Thesaurus Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: BIMORPHS; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: ELECTRICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: functionally graded materials.; Author-Supplied Keyword: layerwise laminate theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: smart materials; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X05050100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith Jr., W. L.
AU  - Charlock, T. P.
AU  - Kahn, R.
AU  - Martins, J. V.
AU  - Remer, L. A.
AU  - Hobbs, P. V.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Rutledge, C. K.
T1  - EOS Terra Aerosol and Radiative Flux Validation: An Overview of the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) Experiment.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 903
EP  - 918
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - NASA developed an Earth Observing System (EOS) to study global change and reduce uncertainties associated with aerosols and other key parameters controlling climate. The first EOS satellite, Terra, was launched in December 1999. The Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) field campaign was conducted from 10 July to 2 August 2001 to validate several Terra data products, including aerosol properties and radiative flux profiles derived from three complementary Terra instruments: the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). CERES, MISR, and MODIS are being used to investigate the critical role aerosols play in modulating the radiative heat budget of the earth–atmosphere system. CLAMS’ primary objectives are to improve understanding of atmospheric aerosols, to validate and improve the satellite data products, and to test new instruments and measurement concepts. A variety of in situ sampling devices and passive remote sensing instruments were flown on six aircraft to characterize the state of the atmosphere, the composition of atmospheric aerosols, and the associated surface and atmospheric radiation parameters over the U.S. eastern seaboard. Aerosol particulate matter was measured at two ground stations established at Wallops Island, Virginia, and the Chesapeake Lighthouse, the site of an ongoing CERES Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE) where well-calibrated radiative fluxes and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol properties have been measured since 1999. Nine coordinated aircraft missions and numerous additional sorties were flown under a variety of atmospheric conditions and aerosol loadings. On one “golden day” (17 July 2001), under moderately polluted conditions with midvisible optical depths near 0.5, all six aircraft flew coordinated patterns vertically stacked between 100 and 65 000 ft over the COVE site as Terra flew overhead. This overview presents a description of CLAMS objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Key results, reported in greater detail in the collection of papers found in this special issue, are also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atomizers
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 16878583; Smith Jr., W. L. 1; Email Address: william.l.smith@nasa.gov; Charlock, T. P. 1; Kahn, R. 2; Martins, J. V. 3,4; Remer, L. A. 3; Hobbs, P. V. 5; Redemann, J. 6; Rutledge, C. K. 7; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 3: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California; 7: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p903; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atomizers; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levy, R. C.
AU  - Remer, L. A.
AU  - Martins, J. V.
AU  - Kaufman, Y. J.
AU  - Plana-Fattori, A.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Wenny, B.
T1  - Evaluation of the MODIS Aerosol Retrievals over Ocean and Land during CLAMS.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 974
EP  - 992
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The Chesapeake Lighthouse Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) experiment took place from 10 July to 2 August 2001 in a combined ocean–land region that included the Chesapeake Lighthouse [Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE)] and the Wallops Flight Facility (WFF), both along coastal Virginia. This experiment was designed mainly for validating instruments and algorithms aboard the Terra satellite platform, including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Over the ocean, MODIS retrieved aerosol optical depths (AODs) at seven wavelengths and an estimate of the aerosol size distribution. Over the land, MODIS retrieved AOD at three wavelengths plus qualitative estimates of the aerosol size. Temporally coincident measurements of aerosol properties were made with a variety of sun photometers from ground sites and airborne sites just above the surface. The set of sun photometers provided unprecedented spectral coverage from visible (VIS) to the solar near-infrared (NIR) and infrared (IR) wavelengths. In this study, AOD and aerosol size retrieved from MODIS is compared with similar measurements from the sun photometers. Over the nearby ocean, the MODIS AOD in the VIS and NIR correlated well with sun-photometer measurements, nearly fitting a one-to-one line on a scatterplot. As one moves from ocean to land, there is a pronounced discontinuity of the MODIS AOD, where MODIS compares poorly to the sun-photometer measurements. Especially in the blue wavelength, MODIS AOD is too high in clean aerosol conditions and too low under larger aerosol loadings. Using the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative code to perform atmospheric correction, the authors find inconsistency in the surface albedo assumptions used by the MODIS lookup tables. It is demonstrated how the high bias at low aerosol loadings can be corrected. By using updated urban/industrial aerosol climatology for the MODIS lookup table over land, it is shown that the low bias for larger aerosol loadings can also be corrected. Understanding and improving MODIS retrievals over the East Coast may point to strategies for correction in other locations, thus improving the global quality of MODIS. Improvements in regional aerosol detection could also lead to the use of MODIS for monitoring air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atomizers
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 16878579; Levy, R. C. 1,2,3; Email Address: levy@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; Remer, L. A. 1; Martins, J. V. 1,4; Kaufman, Y. J. 1; Plana-Fattori, A. 5,6; Redemann, J. 7; Wenny, B. 8; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland; 3: Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 5: GEST, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 6: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 7: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 8: SAIC, and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p974; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atomizers; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Eilers, J. A.
AU  - Kahn, R.
AU  - Levy, R. C.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Hobbs, P. V.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
T1  - Suborbital Measurements of Spectral Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Variability at Subsatellite Grid Scales in Support of CLAMS 2001.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 993
EP  - 1007
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - As part of the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) experiment, 10 July–2 August 2001, off the central East Coast of the United States, the 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) was operated aboard the University of Washington’s Convair 580 (CV-580) research aircraft during 10 flights (∼45 flight hours). One of the main research goals in CLAMS was the validation of satellite-based retrievals of aerosol properties. The goal of this study in particular was to perform true over-ocean validations (rather than over-ocean validation with ground-based, coastal sites) at finer spatial scales and extending to longer wavelengths than those considered in previous studies. Comparisons of aerosol optical depth (AOD) between the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Cimel instrument at the Chesapeake Lighthouse and airborne measurements by AATS-14 in its vicinity showed good agreement with the largest r-square correlation coefficients at wavelengths of 0.38 and 0.5 μm (>0.99). Coordinated low-level flight tracks of the CV-580 during Terra overpass times permitted validation of over-ocean Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 2 (MOD04_L2) multiwavelength AOD data (10 km × 10 km, nadir) in 16 cases on three separate days. While the correlation between AATS-14- and MODIS-derived AOD was weak with an r square of 0.55, almost 75% of all MODIS AOD measurements fell within the prelaunch estimated uncertainty range Δτ = ±0.03 ± 0.05τ. This weak correlation may be due to the small AODs (generally less than 0.1 at 0.5 μm) encountered in these comparison cases. An analogous coordination exercise resulted in seven coincident over-ocean matchups between AATS-14 and Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) measurements. The comparison between AATS-14 and the MISR standard algorithm regional mean AODs showed a stronger correlation with an r square of 0.94. However, MISR AODs were systematically larger than the corresponding AATS values, with an rms difference of ∼0.06. AATS data collected during nine extended low-level CV-580 flight tracks were used to assess the spatial variability in AOD at horizontal scales up to 100 km. At UV and midvisible wavelengths, the largest absolute gradients in AOD were 0.1–0.2 per 50-km horizontal distance. In the near-IR, analogous gradients rarely reached 0.05. On any given day, the relative gradients in AOD were remarkably similar for all wavelengths, with maximum values of 70% (50 km)-1 and more typical values of 25% (50 km)-1. The implications of these unique measurements of AOD spatial variability for common validation practices of satellite data products and for comparisons to large-scale aerosol models are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atomizers
KW  - Atomization
KW  - Research aircraft
KW  - Airplanes
N1  - Accession Number: 16878578; Redemann, J. 1,2; Email Address: jredemann@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Schmid, B. 1; Eilers, J. A. 2; Kahn, R. 3; Levy, R. C. 4,5; Russell, P. B. 2; Livingston, J. M. 6; Hobbs, P. V. 7; Smith, W. L. 8; Holben, B. N. 4; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 5: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland; 6: SRI International, Menlo Park, California; 7: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p993; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atomizers; Thesaurus Term: Atomization; Subject Term: Research aircraft; Subject Term: Airplanes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ignatov, Alexander
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce
AU  - Miller, Walter
AU  - Sunny Sun-Mack
AU  - Tanré, Didier
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Laszlo, Istvan
AU  - Geier, Erika
T1  - Two MODIS Aerosol Products over Ocean on the Terra and Aqua CERES SSF Datasets.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1008
EP  - 1031
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Understanding the impact of aerosols on the earth’s radiation budget and the long-term climate record requires consistent measurements of aerosol properties and radiative fluxes. The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Science Team combines satellite-based retrievals of aerosols, clouds, and radiative fluxes into Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) datasets from the Terra and Aqua satellites. Over ocean, two aerosol products are derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) using different sampling and aerosol algorithms. The primary, or M, product is taken from the standard multispectral aerosol product developed by the MODIS aerosol group while a simpler, secondary [Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) like], or A, product is derived by the CERES Science Team using a different cloud clearing method and a single-channel aerosol algorithm. Two aerosol optical depths (AOD), τA1 and τA2, are derived from MODIS bands 1 (0.644 μm) and 6 (1.632 μm) resembling the AVHRR/3 channels 1 and 3A, respectively. On Aqua the retrievals are made in band 7 (2.119 μm) because of poor quality data from band 6. The respective Ångström exponents can be derived from the values of τ. The A product serves as a backup for the M product. More importantly, the overlap of these aerosol products is essential for placing the 20+ year heritage AVHRR aerosol record in the context of more advanced aerosol sensors and algorithms such as that used for the M product. This study documents the M and A products, highlighting their CERES SSF specifics. Based on 2 weeks of global Terra data, coincident M and A AODs are found to be strongly correlated in both bands. However, both domains in which the M and A aerosols are available, and the respective τ/α statistics significantly differ because of discrepancies in sampling due to differences in cloud and sun-glint screening. In both aerosol products, correlation is observed between the retrieved aerosol parameters (τ/α) and ambient cloud amount, with the dependence in the M product being more pronounced than in the A product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 16878598; Ignatov, Alexander 1; Email Address: Alex.Ignatov@noaa.gov; Minnis, Patrick 2; Loeb, Norman 3; Wielicki, Bruce 2; Miller, Walter 4; Sunny Sun-Mack 4; Tanré, Didier 5; Remer, Lorraine 6; Laszlo, Istvan 1; Geier, Erika 2; Affiliations: 1: NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications, Camp Springs, Maryland; 2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique, Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villenueve d'Asq, France; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1008; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Subject Term: Algorithms; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kahn, Ralph
AU  - Wen-Hao Li
AU  - Martonchik, John V.
AU  - Bruegge, Carol J.
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Gaitley, Barbara J.
AU  - Abdou, Wedad
AU  - Dubovik, Oleg
AU  - Holben, Brent
AU  - Smirnov, Alexander
AU  - Zhonghai Jin
AU  - Clark, Dennis
T1  - MISR Calibration and Implications for Low-Light-Level Aerosol Retrieval over Dark Water.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1032
EP  - 1052
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Studying aerosols over ocean is one goal of the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and other spaceborne imaging systems. But top-of-atmosphere equivalent reflectance typically falls in the range of 0.03 to 0.12 at midvisible wavelengths and can be below 0.01 in the near-infrared, when an optically thin aerosol layer is viewed over a dark ocean surface. Special attention must be given to radiometric calibration if aerosol optical thickness, and any information about particle microphysical properties, are to be reliably retrieved from such observations. MISR low-light-level vicarious calibration is performed in the vicinity of remote islands hosting Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun- and sky-scanning radiometers, under low aerosol loading, low wind speed, relatively cloud free conditions. MISR equivalent reflectance is compared with values calculated from a radiative transfer model constrained by coincident, AERONET-retrieved aerosol spectral optical thickness, size distribution, and single scattering albedo, along with in situ wind measurements. Where the nadir view is not in sun glint, MISR equivalent reflectance is also compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance. The authors push the limits of the vicarious calibration method’s accuracy, aiming to assess absolute, camera-to-camera, and band-to-band radiometry. Patterns repeated over many well-constrained cases lend confidence to the results, at a few percent accuracy, as do additional vicarious calibration tests performed with multiplatform observations taken during the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) campaign. Conclusions are strongest in the red and green bands, but are too uncertain to accept for the near-infrared. MISR nadir-view and MODIS low-light-level absolute reflectances differ by about 4% in the blue and green bands, with MISR reporting higher values. In the red, MISR agrees with MODIS band 14 to better than 2%, whereas MODIS band 1 is significantly lower. Compared to the AERONET-constrained model, the MISR aft-viewing cameras report reflectances too high by several percent in the blue, green, and possibly the red. Better agreement is found in the nadir- and the forward-viewing cameras, especially in the blue and green. When implemented on a trial basis, calibration adjustments indicated by this work remove 40% of a 0.05 bias in retrieved midvisible aerosol optical depth over dark water scenes, produced by the early postlaunch MISR algorithm. A band-to-band correction has already been made to the MISR products, and the remaining calibration adjustments, totaling no more than a few percent, are planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Imaging systems
KW  - Optics
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 16878597; Kahn, Ralph 1; Email Address: Ralph.Kahn@jpl.nasa.gov; Wen-Hao Li 1; Martonchik, John V. 1; Bruegge, Carol J. 1; Diner, David J. 1; Gaitley, Barbara J. 1; Abdou, Wedad 1; Dubovik, Oleg 2; Holben, Brent 2; Smirnov, Alexander 2; Zhonghai Jin 3; Clark, Dennis 4; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia; 4: NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, Maryland; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1032; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Subject Term: Imaging systems; Subject Term: Optics; Subject Term: Solar radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhonghai Jin
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
AU  - Rutledge, Ken
AU  - Cota, Glenn
AU  - Kahn, Ralph
AU  - Redemann, Jens
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Rutan, David A.
AU  - Rose, Fred
T1  - Radiative Transfer Modeling for the CLAMS Experiment.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1053
EP  - 1071
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Spectral and broadband radiances and irradiances (fluxes) were measured from surface, airborne, and spaceborne platforms in the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) campaign. The radiation data obtained on the 4 clear days over ocean during CLAMS are analyzed here with the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Radiative Transfer (COART) model. The model is successively compared with observations of broadband fluxes and albedos near the ocean surface from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE) sea platform and a low-level OV-10 aircraft, of near-surface spectral albedos from COVE and OV-10, of broadband radiances at multiple angles and inferred top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from CERES, and of spectral radiances at multiple angles from Airborne Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), or “AirMISR,” at 20-km altidude. The radiation measurements from different platforms are shown to be consistent with each other and with model results. The discrepancies between the model and observations at the surface are less than 10 W m-2 for downwelling and 2 W m-2 for upwelling fluxes. The model–observation discrepancies for shortwave ocean albedo are less than 8%; some discrepancies in spectral albedo are larger but less than 20%. The discrepancies between low-altitude aircraft and surface measurements are somewhat larger than those between the model and the surface measurements; the former are due to the effects of differences in height, aircraft pitch and roll, and the noise of spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric and oceanic properties. The discrepancy between the model and the CERES observations for the upwelling radiance is 5.9% for all angles; this is reduced to 4.9% if observations within 15° of the sun-glint angle are excluded. The measurements and model agree on the principal impacts that ocean optical properties have on upwelling radiation at low levels in the atmosphere. Wind-driven surface roughness significantly affects the upwelling radiances measured by aircraft and satellites at small sun-glint angles, especially in the near-infrared channel of MISR. Intercomparisons of various measurements and the model show that most of the radiation observations in CLAMS are robust, and that the coupled radiative transfer model used here accurately treats scattering and absorption processes in both the air and the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Electromagnetic measurements
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 16878596; Zhonghai Jin 1; Email Address: z.jin@larc.nasa.gov; Charlock, Thomas P. 2; Rutledge, Ken 3; Cota, Glenn 3; Kahn, Ralph 4; Redemann, Jens 5; Taiping Zhang 1; Rutan, David A. 1; Rose, Fred 1; Affiliations: 1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1053; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Electromagnetic measurements; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gatebe, Charles K.
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Arnold, G. Thomas
AU  - Redemann, Jens
T1  - Airborne Spectral Measurements of Ocean Directional Reflectance.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1092
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) was flown aboard the University of Washington Convair 580 (CV-580) research aircraft during the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) field campaign and obtained measurements of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the ocean in July and August 2001 under different illumination conditions with solar zenith angles ranging from 15° to 46°. The BRDF measurements were accompanied by concurrent measurements of atmospheric aerosol optical thickness and column water vapor above the airplane. The method of spherical harmonics with Cox–Munk wave-slope distribution is used in a new algorithm developed for this study to solve the atmosphere–ocean radiative transfer problem and to remove the effects of the atmosphere from airborne measurements. The algorithm retrieves simultaneously the wind speed and full ocean BRDF (sun’s glitter and water-leaving radiance) from CAR measurements and evaluates total albedo and equivalent albedo for the water-leaving radiance outside the glitter. Results show good overall agreement with other measurements and theoretical simulations, with the anisotropy of the water-leaving radiance clearly seen. However, the water-leaving radiance does not show a strong dependence on solar zenith angle as suggested by some theoretical studies. The spectral albedo was found to vary from 4.1%–5.1% at λ = 0.472 μm to 2.4%–3.5% for λ ≥ 0.682 μm. The equivalent water-leaving albedo ranges from 1.0%–2.4% at λ = 0.472 μm to 0.1%–0.6% for λ = 0.682 μm and 0.1%–0.3% for λ = 0.870 μm. Results of the validation of the Cox–Munk model under the conditions measured show that although the model reproduces the shape of sun’s glitter on average with an accuracy of better than 30%, it underestimates the center of the sun’s glitter reflectance by about 30% for low wind speeds (<2–3 m s-1). In cases of high wind speed, the model with Gram–Charlier expansion seems to provide the best fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - Research aircraft
KW  - Reflection (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 16878595; Gatebe, Charles K. 1,2; Email Address: gatebe@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; King, Michael D. 2; Lyapustin, Alexei I. 1,2; Arnold, G. Thomas 2,3; Redemann, Jens 2,4; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 3: L-3 Communications Government Services, Inc., Vienna, Virginia; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1072; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject Term: Research aircraft; Subject Term: Reflection (Optics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Zhou, D. K.
AU  - Larar, A. M.
AU  - Mango, S. A.
AU  - Howell, H. B.
AU  - Knuteson, R. O.
AU  - Revercomb, H. E.
T1  - The NPOESS Airborne Sounding Testbed Interferometer—Remotely Sensed Surface and Atmospheric Conditions during CLAMS.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1118
EP  - 1134
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - During the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS), the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I), flying aboard the high-altitude Proteus aircraft, observed the spatial distribution of infrared radiance across the 650–2700 cm-1 (3.7–15.4 μm) spectral region with a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. NAST-I scans cross track with a moderate spatial resolution (a linear ground resolution equal to 13% of the aircraft altitude at nadir). The broad spectral coverage and high spectral resolution of this instrument provides abundant information about the surface and three-dimensional state of the atmosphere. In this paper, the NAST-I measurements and geophysical product retrieval methodology employed for CLAMS are described. Example results of surface properties and atmospheric temperature, water vapor, ozone, and carbon monoxide distributions are provided. The CLAMS NAST-I geophysical dataset is available for use by the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clamming
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Artificial satellites in telecommunication
N1  - Accession Number: 16878593; Smith, W. L. 1; Email Address: bill.smith@hamptonu.edu; Zhou, D. K. 2; Larar, A. M. 2; Mango, S. A. 3; Howell, H. B. 4; Knuteson, R. O. 4; Revercomb, H. E. 4; Affiliations: 1: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland; 4: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1118; Thesaurus Term: Clamming; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in telecommunication; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114112 Shellfish Fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114113 Salt water fishing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
T1  - The Sensitivity of Diagnostic Radiative Properties to Cloud Microphysics among Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1241
EP  - 1254
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study examines the sensitivity of diagnosed radiative fluxes and heating rates to different treatments of cloud microphysics among cloud-resolving models (CRMs). The domain-averaged CRM outputs are used in this calculation. The impacts of the cloud overlap and uniform hydrometeor assumptions are examined using outputs having spatially varying cloud fields from a single CRM. It is found that the cloud overlap assumption impacts the diagnosis more significantly than the uniform hydrometeor assumption for all radiative fluxes. This is also the case for the longwave radiative cooling rate except for a layer above 7 km where it is more significantly impacted by the uniform hydrometeor assumption. The radiative cooling above upper-tropospheric anvils and the warming below these clouds are overestimated by about 0.5 K day-1 using the domain-averaged outputs. These results are used to further quantify intermodel differences in radiative properties due to different treatments of cloud microphysics among 10 CRMs. The magnitudes of the intermodel differences, as measured by the deviations from the consensus of 10 CRMs, are found to be smaller than those due to the cloud overlap assumption and comparable to those due to the uniform hydrometeor assumption for most shortwave radiative fluxes and the net radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface. For all longwave radiative fluxes, they are smaller than those due to cloud overlap and uniform hydrometeor assumptions. The consensus of all diagnosed radiative fluxes except for the surface downward shortwave flux agrees with observations to a degree that is close to the uncertainties of satellite- and ground-based measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Physics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Hydrometeorology
KW  - Atmospheric physics
N1  - Accession Number: 16878586; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1241; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Physics; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Hydrometeorology; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amador, José J.
T1  - Markov random field approach to region extraction using Tabu Search.
JO  - Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation
JF  - Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 158
SN  - 10473203
AB  - This paper describes a region extraction algorithm based on the concept of Markov random fields. Markov random fields (MRFs) are characterized by using a Gibbs Distribution which equates back to the MRF. A heuristically developed energy functional is presented and used with the MRF in an efficient and accurate manner. Since the MRF used in this work is defined using the polar coordinate system, a very large search space exists for radial lengths and sites. To aid in pursuing these radial sites, a combinatorial optimization technique known as Tabu Search is exploited. Also provided is an extensive empirical study on aerial imagery and parts detection, in addition to a final discussion and description of future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Visual communication
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Markov processes
KW  - Stochastic processes
KW  - Gibbs Distribution
KW  - Markov random field
KW  - Region extraction
KW  - Tabu Search
N1  - Accession Number: 16761042; Amador, José J. 1; Email Address: Jose.J.Amador@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/John F. Kennedy Space Center KSC, FL 32899, USA; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p134; Thesaurus Term: Visual communication; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Markov processes; Subject Term: Stochastic processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gibbs Distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Markov random field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Region extraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tabu Search; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 21 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvcir.2004.06.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Bhasin, K.B.
T1  - Interplanetary Internet.
JO  - Computer Networks
JF  - Computer Networks
Y1  - 2005/04/05/
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 599
EP  - 601
SN  - 13891286
AB  - The April 2005 issue of the periodical "Computer Networks" aims to present high quality papers on current research and the latest developments in Internet technologies for flight missions. The papers presented fall into several categories. Two papers are in the category of architecture design, framework and specific mission design approaches. On the other hand, two papers were chosen from the category of efficient network and power management techniques/hybridspace-terrestrial network. Meanwhile, one paper that falls into the category of physical layer capabilities needed from a systems perspective to enable modern networking solutions for surface networks in space.
KW  - INTERNET
KW  - WIDE area networks (Computer networks)
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - COMMUNICATIONS industries
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16410598; Bhasin, K.B. 1; Email Address: kul.bhasin@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p599; Thesaurus Term: INTERNET; Thesaurus Term: WIDE area networks (Computer networks); Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER networks; Thesaurus Term: COMMUNICATIONS industries; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.comnet.2004.08.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hadjitheodosiou, Michael
AU  - Hui Zeng
AU  - Nguyen, Alex
AU  - Ellis, Brenda L.
T1  - Flexible access for a space communications network with IP functionality.
JO  - Computer Networks
JF  - Computer Networks
Y1  - 2005/04/05/
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 679
EP  - 700
SN  - 13891286
AB  - The vision for the future space network involves a scenario where all scientific spacecraft form a distributed network to provide real-time information transfer to users on the ground. This scenario will require sensors and instruments on spacecraft to become addressable nodes in a communication network. To enable this vision, there is critical need for advanced communications and dynamic network connectivity to provide broad coverage and intelligent-based real-time data delivery to scientists. These new missions will introduce a number of complex routing, network control, scheduling, data management and communication problems that need to be studied in detail. We describe the potential advantages of a dynamic mission's operations concept and the need to develop a dynamic bandwidth allocation enabling more efficient use of the space resources. In this scenario, a number of spacecraft, each with several instruments on- board, are sending data to ground stations through the NASA relay system. Our objective is to provide an optimal or near-optimal t utilization and fair allocation of bandwidth of the downlink channel while guaranteeing specific QoS requirements for different service classes. We try to understand the traffic profiles that need to be supported and propose a suitable hybrid Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based protocol. We formulate and study an assignment problem for optimal timeslot scheduling. By using simulation, the protocol performance is analyzed and compared with that of the existing static fixed-assignment scheme. We also address the benefits of increasing spacecraft availability using a Direct-to-Ground communications option that can be enabled in an IP-based network. By addressing these issues we try to contribute in the development of the next generation space network infrastructure that will serve as an enabler for better space exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Networks is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER network protocols
KW  - INTERNET
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - Multiple access
KW  - Satellite communications
KW  - Space communication
KW  - TDMA
N1  - Accession Number: 16410602; Hadjitheodosiou, Michael 1; Email Address: michalis@isr.umd.edu; Hui Zeng 1; Email Address: zengh@isr.umd.edu; Nguyen, Alex 1; Email Address: alextn@isr.umd.edu; Ellis, Brenda L. 2; Email Address: brenda.l.ellis@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Center for Satellite and Hybrid Communication Networks, ISR, University of Maryland, A. V. Williams Building, College Park, MD 20742, United States; 2: Mission Network Application Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p679; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER network protocols; Thesaurus Term: INTERNET; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER networks; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Thesaurus Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple access; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: TDMA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 10 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.comnet.2004.08.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=16410602&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beck, Richard A.
AU  - Vincent, Robert K.
AU  - Watts, Doyle W.
AU  - Seibert, Marc A.
AU  - Pleva, David P.
AU  - Cauley, Michael A.
AU  - Ramos, Calvin T.
AU  - Scott, Theresa M.
AU  - Harter, Dean W.
AU  - Vickerman, Mary
AU  - Irmies, David
AU  - Tucholski, Al
AU  - Frantz, Brian
AU  - Lindamood, Glenn
AU  - Lopez, Isaac
AU  - Follen, Greg
AU  - Kollar, Thaddeus
AU  - Horowitz, Jay
AU  - Griffin, Robert
AU  - Gilstrap, Raymond
T1  - A space-based end-to-end prototype geographic information network for lunar and planetary exploration and emergency response (2002 and 2003 field experiments).
JO  - Computer Networks
JF  - Computer Networks
Y1  - 2005/04/05/
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 783
SN  - 13891286
AB  - Communications and imaging experiments conducted in the Arizona desert during July of 2002 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS) helped to identify a fundamental suite of scientific instruments focused on surface composition and temperature determination for the calibration and validation of NASA and USGS spaceborne and airborne sensors and to integrate them with a hybrid mobile wireless and satellite network for lunar and planetary exploration and emergency response. The 2002 experiment focused on the exchange of remotely sensed and ground truth geographic information between analysts and field scientists. That experiment revealed several modifications that would enhance the performance and effectiveness of geographic information networks (GIN) for lunar and planetary exploration and emergency response. Phase 2 experiments conducted during June 2003 at the USGS Earth Resources and Observation Systems (EROS) Data Center's geologic imaging test site near Dinosaur National Monument in the NE Utah desert incorporated several of the lessons learned from the 2002 experiment and successfully added five major new components: (1) near-real-time hyperspectral and multispectral satellite image acquisition, (2) remotely controlled and coordinated mobile real-time ground sensor measurements during the imaging satellite overpass, (3) long-delay optimized Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol TCP/iP protocols to improve network performance over geosynchronous communications satellite circuits, (4) distributed, multinode parallel computing on NASA's Internet Power GRID (1PG), and (5) near-real-time validation of satellite imagery as part of a successful test of the NASA-USGS National Emergency Mapping Information System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Networks is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TCP/IP (Computer network protocol)
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 16410606; Beck, Richard A. 1; Email Address: rbeck@centralstate.edu; Vincent, Robert K. 2; Watts, Doyle W. 3; Seibert, Marc A. 4; Pleva, David P. 4; Cauley, Michael A. 4; Ramos, Calvin T. 4; Scott, Theresa M. 4; Harter, Dean W. 4; Vickerman, Mary 4; Irmies, David 4; Tucholski, Al 4; Frantz, Brian 4; Lindamood, Glenn 4; Lopez, Isaac 4; Follen, Greg 4; Kollar, Thaddeus 4; Horowitz, Jay 4; Griffin, Robert 4; Gilstrap, Raymond 5; Affiliations: 1: International Center for Water Resources Management, 107 C.J. McLin Laboratories, Central State University, Wilberforce, OH 45384, USA; 2: Department of Geology, College of Arts and Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA; 3: Department of Geological Sciences, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435-0001, USA; 4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p765; Thesaurus Term: TCP/IP (Computer network protocol); Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER networks; Thesaurus Term: DATA transmission systems; Thesaurus Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 14 Color Photographs, 7 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.comnet.2004.08.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=16410606&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Douglas, Robert B.
AU  - Parker, V. Thomas
AU  - Cullings, Kenneth W.
T1  - Belowground ectomycorrhizal community structure of mature lodgepole pine and mixed conifer stands in Yellowstone National Park
JO  - Forest Ecology & Management
JF  - Forest Ecology & Management
Y1  - 2005/04/05/
VL  - 208
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 317
SN  - 03781127
AB  - Abstract: Forest development patterns following wildfire are known to influence the physical and chemical attributes of soils at different points in time, and are further thought to influence ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community structure. We used molecular methods to compare belowground ECM species richness, composition, and abundance between adjacent stands of homogenous lodgepole pine (established after a fire around 1867) and old growth mixed conifer (around 300 years old) in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). In each stand type, we collected soil cores to both identify mycorrhizae and assess soil chemistry. Although no statistical difference was observed in the mean number of ECM root tips per core between stand types, the total number of species identified (81 versus 35) and the mean number of species per core (8.7±0.5 versus 2.5±0.3) were significantly higher in lodgepole pine. Species compositions were widely disparate between stands where only four of 112 species were shared. Soil analysis revealed that mixed conifer was significantly lower in mean pH, but higher in mean organic matter, potassium, phosphorus, and ammonium when compared to lodgepole pine. Although analysis of covariance did not statistically demonstrate that soil chemistry is driving ECM community structure with certainty, our data are, nonetheless, consistent with this hypothesis. Our data further suggest that fungal richness declines and composition shifts some time after Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir colonize mature lodgepole pine stands, and that time since last wildfire influences soil chemistry in this system. Moreover, because of data limitations, future field experiments will be necessary to determine if soil chemistry, as well as other biotic and abiotic factors not examined in this study, is a primary influence on ECM community structure at our study site in YNP. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Forest Ecology & Management is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pine
KW  - Humus
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - Abies lasiocarpa
KW  - Community structure
KW  - Ectomycorrhizae
KW  - ITS-RFLP
KW  - Soil chemistry
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 17463957; Douglas, Robert B. 1; Email Address: rdouglas@mendoco.com; Parker, V. Thomas 1; Cullings, Kenneth W. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; 2: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 208 Issue 1-3, p303; Thesaurus Term: Pine; Thesaurus Term: Humus; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Subject Term: Abies lasiocarpa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhizae; Author-Supplied Keyword: ITS-RFLP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.foreco.2004.12.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Negrão, A.
AU  - Roos-Serote, M.
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - Rages, K.
AU  - Lourenço, B.
T1  - On the latitudinal distribution of Titan's haze at the Voyager epoch
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 526
EP  - 534
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We have analysed all the available high phase angle images of Titan limb taken by Voyager 1 and 2, in early 1980. For several different phase angles and wavelengths, we seek for a consistent set of haze parameters able to fit all data simultaneously. Our main purpose is to obtain an accurate estimate of the latitudinal variation of haze opacity at 200km altitude at the time of the Voyager flyby''s. We find that haze opacity at 200km is about constant in the southern hemisphere and drops between equator and by about 30–50%, sharply increasing again beyond . The latter feature is clearly due to the north polarhood. This behaviour is opposite to total optical depth variations retrieved from IRIS observation, at the same epoch. The IRIS data refer to levels below 100km altitude. A comparison of our results with calculations from a general circulation model, shows that (1) our results are realistic and can be considered as robust (2) the opacity variations at 200km (this work) and at ground (IRIS data), although opposite, are not inconsistent with each other. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Haze
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Tropics
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Titan
KW  - Voyager
N1  - Accession Number: 17643310; Negrão, A. 1,2; Email Address: alberto.negrao@obspm.fr; Roos-Serote, M. 3; Rannou, P. 4; Rages, K. 5; Lourenço, B. 2; Affiliations: 1: Observatory of Paris at Meudon, 5 Place J. Janssen, 92195 Meudon, Cedex, France; 2: Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; 3: Lisbon Astronomical Observatory, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisbon, Portugal; 4: Service de Aéronomie/IPSL, University of Versailles-St-Quentin, France; 5: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p526; Subject Term: Planetary atmospheres; Subject Term: Haze; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject: Tropics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voyager; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2004.08.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seiff, Alvin
AU  - Stoker, Carol R.
AU  - Young, Richard E.
AU  - Mihalov, John D.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph D.
T1  - Determination of physical properties of a planetary surface by measuring the deceleration of a probe upon impact: Application to Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 594
EP  - 600
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We report scale model laboratory experiments showing how an impact accelerometer on a planetary probe (based on the Huygens probe Phase A configuration) can provide significant information on the mechanical characteristics of the surface. In particular, solid and liquid surfaces can be discriminated. The density of liquids can in principle be determined from the peak deceleration, thereby providing a constraint on composition, although experimental uncertainties present challenges to the accuracy of this method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Planetary engineering
KW  - Wave theory of light
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Solar system
N1  - Accession Number: 17643315; Seiff, Alvin 1,2; Stoker, Carol R. 2; Young, Richard E. 2; Mihalov, John D. 2; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Lorenz, Ralph D. 3; Email Address: rlorenz@lpl.arizona.edu; Affiliations: 1: San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, CA, USA; 2: Space Science Division, MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p594; Subject Term: Planetary engineering; Subject Term: Wave theory of light; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Solar system; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2004.05.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Justus, C.G.
AU  - Duvall, Aleta
AU  - Keller, Vernon W.
AU  - Spilker, Thomas R.
AU  - Kae Lockwood, Mary
T1  - Connecting atmospheric science and atmospheric models for aerocapture at Titan and the outer planets
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 601
EP  - 605
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Many atmospheric measurement systems, such as the sounding instruments on Voyager, gather atmospheric information in the form of temperature versus pressure level. In these terms, there is considerable consistency among the mean atmospheric profiles of the outer planets Jupiter through Neptune, including Titan. On a given planet or on Titan, the range of variability of temperature versus pressure level due to seasonal, latitudinal, and diurnal variations is also not large. However, many engineering needs for atmospheric models relate not to temperature versus pressure level but atmospheric density versus geometric altitude. This need is especially true for design and analysis of aerocapture systems. Drag force available for aerocapture is directly proportional to atmospheric density. Available aerocapture “corridor width” (allowable range of atmospheric entry angle) also depends on height rate of change of atmospheric density, as characterized by density scale height. Characteristics of hydrostatics and the gas law equation mean that relatively small systematic differences in temperature versus pressure profiles can integrate at high altitudes to very large differences in density versus altitude profiles. Thus, a given periapsis density required to accomplish successful aerocapture can occur at substantially different altitudes (–300km) on the various outer planets, and significantly different density scale heights (–50km) can occur at these periapsis altitudes. This paper will illustrate these effects and discuss implications for improvements in atmospheric measurements to yield significant impact on design of aerocapture systems for future missions to Titan and the outer planets. Relatively small-scale atmospheric perturbations, such as gravity waves, tides, and other atmospheric variations can also have significant effect on design details for aerocapture guidance and control systems. This paper will discuss benefits that would result from improved understanding of Titan and outer planetary atmospheric perturbation characteristics. Details of recent engineering-level atmospheric models for Titan and Neptune will be presented, and effects of present and future levels of atmospheric uncertainty and variability characteristics will be examined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Models & modelmaking
KW  - Planets
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Aerocapture
KW  - Global reference atmospheric model
KW  - Neptune atmosphere
KW  - Neptune-GRAM
KW  - Titan atmosphere
KW  - Titan-GRAM
N1  - Accession Number: 17643316; Justus, C.G. 1; Duvall, Aleta 1; Email Address: aleta.duvall@msfc.nasa.gov; Keller, Vernon W. 2; Spilker, Thomas R. 3; Kae Lockwood, Mary 4; Affiliations: 1: Morgan Research Corporation, EV13/Morgan, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; 2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, EV13, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Vehicle Analysis Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p601; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Models & modelmaking; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerocapture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global reference atmospheric model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neptune atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neptune-GRAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan-GRAM; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2004.12.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, S. D.
AU  - Kakarlapudi, S.
AU  - de Haag, M. Uijt
T1  - A shadow detection and extraction algorithm using digital elevation models and x‐band weather radar measurements.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/04/20/
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1531
EP  - 1549
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The aviation industry has been investigating the potential of synthetic and enhanced vision systems (SVS and EVS) to increase the situational awareness of pilots who are operating in low-visibility weather conditions. Synthetic vision displays provide a real-time depiction of a terrain model from the pilot's perspective. To ensure the integrity of this terrain depiction, consistency checking using remote sensing of the terrain environment has been suggested. This requires the detection and extraction of terrain features from both the model and the sensor measurements. Further, the features must be represented in the same reference domain. Terrain shadowing occurs when areas are not in the line-of-sight of the observer. It is these shadowed regions and their morphological characteristics that are identified as the feature domain in which consistency can be assessed between two sources of terrain information. This paper describes an algorithm to extract shadow features from digital elevation models during flight to enable direct comparison with x-band radar modus operandi. Results are presented using flight-test data acquired from two platforms with different radar equipment. The proposed algorithm not only has application to the consistency-checking problem, but also to terrain navigation, image fusion, and digital elevation model accuracy assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radar meteorology
KW  - Airline industry
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Altitudes
KW  - Digital electronics
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 17148024; Young, S. D. 1; Email Address: steven.d.young@nasa.gov; Kakarlapudi, S. 2; de Haag, M. Uijt 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Ohio University, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Athens, Ohio; Issue Info: 4/20/2005, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p1531; Thesaurus Term: Radar meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Airline industry; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Altitudes; Subject Term: Digital electronics; Subject Term: Algorithms; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160512331337772
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Emerson, Charles W.
AU  - Siu-Ngan Lam, Nina
AU  - Quattrochi, Dale
T1  - A comparison of local variance, fractal dimension, and Moran's I as aids to multispectral image classification.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/04/20/
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1575
EP  - 1588
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The accuracy of traditional multispectral maximum-likelihood image classification is limited by the multi-modal statistical distributions of digital numbers from the complex, heterogenous mixture of land cover types in urban areas. This work examines the utility of local variance, fractal dimension and Moran's I index of spatial autocorrelation in segmenting multispectral satellite imagery with the goal of improving urban land cover classification accuracy. Tools available in the ERDAS Imagine TM software package and the Image Characterization and Modeling System (ICAMS) were used to analyse Landsat ETM?+ imagery of Atlanta, Georgia. Images were created from the ETM?+ panchromatic band using the three texture indices. These texture images were added to the stack of multispectral bands and classified using a supervised, maximum likelihood technique. Although each texture band improved the classification accuracy over a multispectral only effort, the addition of fractal dimension measures is particularly effective at resolving land cover classes within urbanized areas, as compared to per-pixel spectral classification techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Autocorrelation (Statistics)
KW  - Aerial photogrammetry
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
N1  - Accession Number: 17148030; Emerson, Charles W. 1; Siu-Ngan Lam, Nina 2; Quattrochi, Dale 3; Email Address: dale.quattrochi@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, Western Michigan University, USA; 2: Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Earth Science Department, Marshall Space Flight Center, USA; Issue Info: 4/20/2005, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p1575; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Autocorrelation (Statistics); Subject Term: Aerial photogrammetry; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160512331326765
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Jakosky, Bruce M.
AU  - Anbar, Ariel D.
AU  - Marais, David Des
AU  - Morrison, David
AU  - Pace, Norman R.
T1  - Don't Dismiss Astrobiology.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/04/22/
VL  - 308
IS  - 5721
M3  - Letter
SP  - 496
EP  - 496
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor on review of the book "The Living Universe."
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Cosmology
N1  - Accession Number: 16911239; Jakosky, Bruce M. 1; Anbar, Ariel D. 2; Marais, David Des 3; Morrison, David 3; Pace, Norman R. 4; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.; 2: Department of Geological Sciences Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 3: NASA/Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, A; Issue Info: 4/22/2005, Vol. 308 Issue 5721, p496; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Cosmology; Number of Pages: 1/6p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 210
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoge, Frank E.
AU  - Lyon, Paul E.
T1  - New tools for the study of oceanic eddies: Satellite derived inherent optical properties
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/04/30/
VL  - 95
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 452
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Satellite study of oceanic eddy formation, propagation, interactions, and fate was first conducted by sea surface temperature derived at infrared wavelengths. For visible wavelength ocean color reflectances, it is shown that recent radiative transfer model inversions provide additional characteristics of eddies: their constituent absorption and backscattering inherent optical properties. The chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient has the highest contrast and is therefore the most visually evident inherent optical property (while the phytoplankton absorption coefficient and backscattering coefficients are respectively less discernible). For use as an analytical tool, comparisons suggests that the chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient has a ∼10× higher contrast (i.e., ∼5% vs. 50%) in the Middle Atlantic Bight making eddy events detectable over longer time periods than with SST imagery. Example imagery illustrates the application of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and phytoplankton absorption coefficient inherent optical properties to the visual injection of dissolved and particulate organic carbon into the deep ocean by a Gulf Stream ring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean currents
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Eddies
KW  - Atlantic Ocean
KW  - North Atlantic Ocean
KW  - Gulf Stream
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Organic matter
KW  - Phytoplankton
N1  - Accession Number: 17639132; Hoge, Frank E. 1; Email Address: frank.hoge@nasa.gov; Lyon, Paul E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Building N-159, Room E200, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337, United States; 2: Building N-159, Room E203, E. G. & G. Inc., Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337, United States; Issue Info: Apr2005, Vol. 95 Issue 4, p444; Thesaurus Term: Ocean currents; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Eddies; Subject: Atlantic Ocean; Subject: North Atlantic Ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gulf Stream; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phytoplankton; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Russell, P.
AU  - Livingston, J.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Eilers, J.
AU  - Kolyer, R.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Ramirez, S.
AU  - Yee, J.-H.
AU  - Swartz, W.
AU  - Shetter, R.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Risley Jr., A.
AU  - Wenny, B.
AU  - Zawodny, J.
AU  - Chu, W.
AU  - Pitts, M.
AU  - Lumpe, J.
AU  - Fromm, M.
AU  - Randall, C.
AU  - Hoppel, K.
T1  - Aerosol optical depth measurements by airborne sun photometer in SOLVE II: Comparisons to SAGE III, POAM III and airborne spectrometer measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1311
EP  - 1339
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) measured solar-beam transmission on the NASA DC-8 during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II). This paper presents AATS-14 results for multiwavelength aerosol optical depth (AOD), including comparisons to results from two satellite sensors and another DC-8 instrument, namely the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM III) and the Direct-beam Irradiance Airborne Spectrometer (DIAS). AATS-14 provides aerosol results at 13 wavelengths λ spanning the range of SAGE III and POAM III aerosol wavelengths. Because most AATS measurements were made at solar zenith angles (SZA) near 90°, retrieved AODs are strongly affected by uncertainties in the relative optical airmass of the aerosols and other constituents along the line of sight (LOS) between instrument and sun. To reduce dependence of the AATS-satellite comparisons on airmass, we perform the comparisons in LOS transmission and LOS optical thickness (OT) as well as in vertical OT (i.e., optical depth, OD). We also use a new airmass algorithm that validates the algorithm we previously used to within 2% for SZA<90°, and in addition provides results for SZA≥90°. For 6 DC-8 flights, 19 January-2 February 2003, AATS and DIAS results for LOS aerosol OT at λ=400 nm agree to ≤12% of the AATS value. Mean and root-mean-square (RMS) differences, (DIAS-AATS)/AATS, are -2.3% and 7.7%, respectively. For DC-8 altitudes, AATS-satellite comparisons are possible only for λ>440 nm, because of signal depletion for shorter λ on the satellite full-limb LOS. For the 4 AATS-SAGE and 4 AATS--POAM near-coincidences conducted 19-31 January 2003, AATS-satellite AOD differences were ≤0.0041 for all λ>440 nm. RMS differences were ≤0.0022 for SAGE--AATS and ≤0.0026 for POAM--AATS. RMS relative differences in AOD ([SAGE--AATS]/AATS) were ≤33% for λ<∼755 nm, but grew to 59% for 1020 nm and 66% at 1545 nm. For λ>∼755 nm, AATS--POAM differences were less than AATS-SAGE differences, and RMS relative differences in AOD ([AATS--POAM]/AATS) were ≤31% for all λ between 440 and 1020 nm. Unexplained differences that remain are associated with transmission differences, rather than differences in gas subtraction or conversion from LOS to vertical quantities. The very small stratospheric AOD values that occurred during SOLVE II added to the challenge of the comparisons, but do not explain all the differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 20982682; Russell, P. 1; Email Address: philip.b.russell@nasa.gov; Livingston, J. 2; Schmid, B. 3; Eilers, J. 1; Kolyer, R. 1; Redemann, J. 3; Ramirez, S. 3; Yee, J.-H. 4; Swartz, W. 4; Shetter, R. 5; Trepte, C. 6; Risley Jr., A.; Wenny, B. 7; Zawodny, J. 6; Chu, W. 6; Pitts, M. 6; Lumpe, J. 8; Fromm, M. 9; Randall, C. 10; Hoppel, K. 9; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; 3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; 4: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, USA; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307-3000, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; 7: SAIC, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; 8: Computational Physics, Inc., Springfield, VA 22151, USA; 9: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5351, USA; 10: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 5, p1311; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Photometry; Subject Term: Algorithms; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dils, B.
AU  - De Maziére, M.
AU  - Blumenstock, T.
AU  - Buchwitz, M.
AU  - De Beek, R.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Duchatelet, P.
AU  - Fast, H.
AU  - Frankenberg, C.
AU  - Gloudemans, A.
AU  - Griffith, D.
AU  - Jones, N.
AU  - Kerzenmacher, T.
AU  - Kramer, I.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Mellqvist, J.
AU  - Mittermeier, R. L.
AU  - Notholt, J.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Schrijver, H.
T1  - Comparisons between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2677
EP  - 2717
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Total column amounts of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O retrieved from SCIAMACHY nadir observations in its near-infrared channels have been compared to data from a groundbased quasi-global network of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The SCIAMACHY data considered here have been produced by three different retrieval algorithms, WFM-DOAS (version 0.4, 0.41 for CH4), IMAP-DOAS (version 0.9) and IMLM (version 5.5) and cover the January to December 2003 time period. Comparisons have been made for individual data, as well as for monthly averages. To maximize the number of reliable coincidences that satisfy the temporal and spatial collocation criteria, the SCIAMACHY data have been compared with a temporal 3rd order polynomial interpolation of the ground-based data. Particular attention has been given to the question whether SCIAMACHY observes correctly the seasonal and latitudinal variability of the target species. The ensemble of comparisons, discussed in this paper, demonstrate the capability of SCIAMACHY, using any of the three algorithms, to deliver products for the target species under consideration, which are already useful for qualitative geophysical studies on a global scale. It is expected that the remaining uncertainties in the data products will decrease in future versions of the algorithm to also allow more quantitative investigations on a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Natural gas
KW  - Atmospheric nitrous oxide
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Fourier transform spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 18890329; Dils, B. 1; Email Address: bart.dils@oma.be; De Maziére, M. 1; Blumenstock, T. 2; Buchwitz, M. 3; De Beek, R. 3; Demoulin, P. 4; Duchatelet, P. 4; Fast, H. 5; Frankenberg, C. 6; Gloudemans, A. 7; Griffith, D. 8; Jones, N. 8; Kerzenmacher, T. 9; Kramer, I. 2; Mahieu, E. 4; Mellqvist, J. 10; Mittermeier, R. L. 5; Notholt, J. 3; Rinsland, C. P. 11; Schrijver, H. 7; Affiliations: 1: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium; 2: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany; 3: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, FB1, Germany; 4: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Liége, Belgium; 5: Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 6: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 7: Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Utrecht, The Netherlands; 8: University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; 9: University of Toronto, Canada; 10: Chalmers University of Technology, Radio & Space Science, Göteborg, Sweden; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p2677; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Natural gas; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nitrous oxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Fourier transform spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221210 Natural Gas Distribution; Number of Pages: 41p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Decker, K.L.M.
AU  - Potter, C.S.
AU  - Bebout, B.M.
AU  - Marais, D.J. Des
AU  - Carpenter, S.
AU  - Discipulo, M.
AU  - Hoehler, T.M.
AU  - Miller, S.R.
AU  - Thamdrup, B.
AU  - Turk, K.A.
AU  - Visscher, P.T.
T1  - Mathematical simulation of the diel O, S, and C biogeochemistry of a hypersaline microbial mat
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 395
SN  - 01686496
AB  - Abstract: The creation of a mathematical simulation model of photosynthetic microbial mats is important to our understanding of key biogeochemical cycles that may have altered the atmospheres and lithospheres of early Earth. A model is presented here as a tool to integrate empirical results from research on hypersaline mats from Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico into a computational system that can be used to simulate biospheric inputs of trace gases to the atmosphere. The first version of our model, presented here, calculates fluxes and cycling of O2, sulfide, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) via abiotic components and via four major microbial guilds: cyanobacteria (CYA), sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) and colorless sulfur bacteria (CSB). We used generalized Monod-type equations that incorporate substrate and energy limits upon maximum rates of metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and sulfate reduction. We ran a simulation using temperature and irradiance inputs from data collected from a microbial mat in Guerrero Negro in BCS (Mexico). Model O2, sulfide, and DIC concentration profiles and fluxes compared well with data collected in the field mats. There were some model-predicted features of biogeochemical cycling not observed in our actual measurements. For instance, large influxes and effluxes of DIC across the MBGC mat boundary may reveal previously unrecognized, but real, in situ limits on rates of biogeochemical processes. Some of the short-term variation in field-collected mat O2 was not predicted by MBGC. This suggests a need both for more model sensitivity to small environmental fluctuations for the incorporation of a photorespiration function into the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Microbial aggregation
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Sulfur
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - Carbon Microcoleus chthonoplastes
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Microbial mat
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Oxygen
N1  - Accession Number: 16992789; Decker, K.L.M. 1; Email Address: kdecker@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Potter, C.S. 2; Bebout, B.M. 3; Marais, D.J. Des 3; Carpenter, S. 4; Discipulo, M. 5; Hoehler, T.M. 3; Miller, S.R. 6; Thamdrup, B. 7; Turk, K.A. 8; Visscher, P.T. 9; Affiliations: 1: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Orbital Corporation, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; 6: National Research Council, Washington, DC 20001, USA; 7: University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark; 8: University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 9: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06304, USA; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p377; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: Microbial aggregation; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Sulfur; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon Microcoleus chthonoplastes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial mat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.12.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parnell, John
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Green, Paul F.
AU  - Baron, Martin J.
T1  - Thermal alteration of organic matter in an impact crater and the duration of postimpact heating.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
EP  - 376
SN  - 00917613
AB  - The 24-km-diameter Tertiary Haughton impact structure formed in rocks that con- tained preexisting liquid hydrocarbons. Biomarker ratios in the hydrocarbons show a consistent pattern of variation in degree of heating across the structure. The heating reached a maximum at the crater center and is attributed to hydrothermal activity fol- lowing impact. Kinetic modeling suggests a time scale of ∼5 k.y. for the heating, at a maximum temperature of 210 °C. The short time scale suggests that in moderate-sized craters, which are abundant on Mars, heating is not so extensive that fossil or extant organic matter would be obliterated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Heating
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Stratigraphic geology -- Tertiary
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Hydrothermal alteration
KW  - biomarkers
KW  - Haughton impact structure
KW  - impact craters
KW  - Mars
KW  - thermal alteration
KW  - thermal maturity
N1  - Accession Number: 17037522; Parnell, John 1; Osinski, Gordon R. 2; Lee, Pascal 3; Green, Paul F. 4; Baron, Martin J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; 2: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0077, USA; 3: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; 4: Geotrack International Pty Ltd., 37 Melville Road, Brunswick West, Victoria 3055, Australia; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 33 Issue 5, p373; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Heating; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Subject Term: Stratigraphic geology -- Tertiary; Subject Term: Rocks; Subject Term: Hydrothermal alteration; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomarkers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haughton impact structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal alteration; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal maturity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G21204.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Love, Alison L.
AU  - Pang, Alex
AU  - Kao, David L.
T1  - Visualizing Spatial Multivalue Data.
JO  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
JF  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
J1  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 79
SN  - 02721716
AB  - The article introduces multivalue data as a new data type in the context of scientific visualization. Multivalue data sets can be defined for multiple dimensions. A spatial multivalue data set consists of a multivalue datum at each physical location in the domain. While the term multidimensional data is often used interchangeably with multivariate data in literature from different disciplines, the authors want to make a clear distinction between their use in this article. Multidimensionality refers to the spatial and temporal dimensions of a data set, while multivariateness refers to the number of variables a data set describes. The authors propose three approaches to visualizing multivalue data sets. The first approach assumes that a statistical distribution can adequately represent the multivalue data. The second approach addresses the situation where that assumption does not hold and relies on shape descriptors to characterize each multivalue datum. The third approach provides a generalized methodology that uses mathematically and procedurally defined operators.
KW  - MULTIDIMENSIONAL databases
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - INFORMATION resources
KW  - INFORMATION science
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 16962611; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p69; Subject Term: MULTIDIMENSIONAL databases; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources; Subject Term: INFORMATION science; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Dalton, Edan
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - Coupling Between Microstrip Lines With Finite Width Ground Plane Embedded in Thin-Film Circuits.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 320
EP  - 327
SN  - 15213323
AB  - Three-dimensional (3-D) interconnects built upon multiple layers of polyimide are required for constructing 3-D circuits on CMOS (low resistivity) Si wafers, GaAs, and ceramic substrates. Thin-film microstrip lines (TFMS) with finite-width ground planes embedded in the polyimide are often used. Howe ever, the closely spaced TFMS lines are susceptible to high levels of coupling, which degrades the circuit performance. In this paper, finite-difference time domain (FDTD) analysis and experimental measurements are used to demonstrate that the ground planes must be connected by via holes to reduce coupling in both the forward and backward directions. Furthermore, it is shown that coupled microstrip lines establish a slot line type mode between the two ground planes and a dielectric waveguide type mode, and that the connected via holes recommended here eliminate these two modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - STRIP transmission lines
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - THIN films
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - MULTICONDUCTOR transmission lines
N1  - Accession Number: 17052532; Ponchak, George E. 1; Dalton, Edan 2; Tentzeris, Manos M. 2; Papapolymerou, John 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; 2: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250 USA.; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p320; Thesaurus Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: STRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: MULTICONDUCTOR transmission lines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TADVP.2005.846933
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Booske, John H.
AU  - Converse, Mark C.
AU  - Kory, Carol L.
AU  - Chevalier, Christine T.
AU  - Gallagher, David A.
AU  - Kreischer, Kenneth E.
AU  - Heinen, Vernon O.
AU  - Bhattacharjee, Sudeep
T1  - Accurate Parametric Modeling of Folded Waveguide Circuits for Millimeter-Wave Traveling Wave Tubes.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2005/05//
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 685
EP  - 694
SN  - 00189383
AB  - In this paper, results of different models are compared for calculating effective, cold-circuit (beam-free) phase velocities and interaction impedances of folded waveguide (FW) slow wave circuits for use in millimeter-wave traveling wave tubes (TWT). These parameters are needed for one-dimensional (1-D) parametric model simulations of FW traveling wave tubes (FWTWTs). The models investigated include approximate anas lytic expressions, equivalent circuit, three-dimensional (3-D) finite difference, and 3-D finite element. The phase velocity predictions are compared with experimental measurements of a representative FW circuit. The various model results are incorporated into the CHRISTINE1D code to obtain predictions of small signal gain in a 40-55 GHz FWTWT. Comparing simulated and measured frequency-dependent gain provides a sensitive, confirming assessment of the accuracy of the simulation tools. It is determined that the use of parametric 1-D TWT models for accurate, full band predictions of small signal gain in FWTWTs requires knowledge of phase velocity and impedance functions that are accurate to < 0.5% and <10%, respectively. Saturated gain predictions, being approximately half as sensitive to these parameters, appear to require correct specification of phase velocity and interaction impedance to within sim; 1% and 20%, respectively. Although all models generate sufficiently accurate predictions of the interaction impedance, not all generate sufficiently accurate predictions of the effective axial phase velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MILLIMETER wave devices
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 16995701; Source Information: May2005, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p685; Subject Term: MILLIMETER wave devices; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2005.845798
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dyson, Rodger W.
T1  - Demonstration of ultra hi-fi (UHF) methods.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 327
SN  - 10618562
AB  - Computational aero-acoustics (CAA) requires efficient, high-resolution simulation tools. Most current techniques utilize finite-difference approaches because high order accuracy is considered too difficult or expensive to achieve with finite volume or finite element methods. However, a novel finite volume approach i.e. ultra hi-fi (UHF) which utilizes Hermite fluxes is presented which can achieve both arbitrary accuracy and fidelity in space and time. The technique can be applied to unstructured grids with some loss of fidelity or with multi-block structured grids for maximum efficiency and resolution. In either paradigm, it is possible to resolve ultra-short waves (defined as waves having wavelengths that are shorter than a grid cell). This is demonstrated here by solving the 4th CAA workshop Category 1 Problem 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - CAD/CAM systems
KW  - Hermite polynomials
KW  - Differential equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - CAA
KW  - CFD
KW  - Multi-domain spectral methods
KW  - UHF methods
N1  - Accession Number: 18590311; Dyson, Rodger W. 1; Email Address: rodger.w.dyson@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA.; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p321; Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Subject Term: Finite element method; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject Term: CAD/CAM systems; Subject Term: Hermite polynomials; Subject Term: Differential equations -- Numerical solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAA; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-domain spectral methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: UHF methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560500214214
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodson, S. H.
AU  - Green, B. E.
AU  - Chung, J. J.
AU  - Grove, D. V.
AU  - Parikh, P. C.
AU  - Forsythe, J. R.
T1  - Understanding Abrupt Wing Stall with Computational Fluid Dynamics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 578
EP  - 585
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes the computational-fluid-dynamics efforts and lessons learned during the four-year Abrupt Wing Stall national research program. The paper details the complex nature of the transonic flows encountered by modern U.S. fighter and attack aircraft during transonic maneuvering conditions. Topics include grid resolution, computational memory and processor requirements, turbulence modeling, steady and unsteady calculations, and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions compared with detached-eddy simulations for this highly complex, viscously dominated, shock-induced, massively separated class of flow. Examples include results obtained for F/A-18C, AV-8B, preproduction F/A-18E, and F-16C aircraft undergoing transonic maneuvering conditions. Various flap settings have been modeled and the computational results compared with extensive wind-tunnel data. The comparisons illustrate the results obtained from both structured and unstructured codes. The utility and accuracy of the various computational solvers is evaluated by qualitative comparisons of surface oil flow and pressure-sensitive-paint results obtained in wind tunnels for some of the models as well as by detailed quantitative pressure coefficient data where experimental results exist. Static lift coefficients are compared between the codes as well as the experimental data for each of the aircraft considered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - TRANSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 17499809; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p578; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McMillin, S. Naomi
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Lamar, John E.
T1  - Transonic Experimental Observations of Abrupt Wing Stall on an F/A-18E Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 586
EP  - 599
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A transonic wind-tunnel test of an 8% F/A-18E model was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 16 ft Transonic Tunnel to investigate on-surface flow physics during stall. The technical approach employed focused on correlating static (or time-averaged) and unsteady wind-tunnel test data to the unsteady wing-stall events using force, moment, pressure, and pressure-sensitive-paint measurements. This paper focuses on data obtained on the preproduction configuration of the F/A-18E aircraft at Mach number of 0.90. The flow unsteadiness occurring on the wing as the wing went through the stall process was captured using the time histories of balance and pressure measurements and by calculating the root mean square (rms) for a number of instrument signals. The second step was to gather global perspectives on the pressures influencing the wing-stall process. The abrupt wing stall experienced by the 8% F/A-18E model was observed to be an unsteady event triggered by the rapid advancement of separation, which had migrated forward from the trailing edge, to the leading-edge flap hingeline over a very small increment in angle of attack. The angle of attack at which this stall occurred varied, from run to run, over a 1-deg increment. The abrupt wing stall was observed, using pressure-sensitive paint, to occur simultaneously on both wing panels or asymmetrically. The pressure-sensitive-paint data and wing-root bending-moment data were essential in providing insight to the flow structures occurring over the wing and the possible asymmetry of those flow structures. A repeatability analysis conducted on eight runs of static data provided a quick and inexpensive examination of the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of abrupt wing stall. The results of the repeatability analysis agreed extremely well with data obtained using unsteady measurement techniques. This approach could be used to identify test conditions for more complex unsteady data measurements using special inst... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 17499810; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p586; Subject Term: TRANSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parikh, Paresh
AU  - Chung, James
T1  - Computational Study of the Abrupt-Wing-Stall Characteristics of F/A-18E and F-16C.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 600
EP  - 605
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Steady-state computational-fluid-dynamic (CFD) simulations are used to gain an understanding of the physics behind the abrupt-wing-stall (AWS) phenomenon and to arrive at static figures of merit (FOMs). Navier--Stokes solutions are obtained using the NASA Langley Research Center developed TetrUSS simulation suite, which is based on tetrahedral, unstructured grids. The physics of the AWS phenomenon is understood by comparing CFD simulation results on two aircraft; a preproduction F/A-18E configuration, which exhibits AWS phenomenon under certain geometric and flow conditions, and an F-16C aircraft configuration that does not. The computational results are used to understand the possible causes of AWS by comparing the detailed flowfields between the two configurations under a variety of flow conditions. Based on this approach, a number of static figures of merit are developed to predict AWS. The potential FOMs include the break in the lift and wing-root bending moment vs angle of attack α and the rate of change of sectional lift with respect to α. A companion paper describes a similar study for the AV-8B Harrier and F/A-18C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - F-16 (Jet fighter plane)
KW  - BENDING moment
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 17499811; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p600; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: F-16 (Jet fighter plane); Subject Term: BENDING moment; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodson, S. H.
AU  - Green, B. E.
AU  - Chung, J. J.
AU  - Grove, D. V.
AU  - Parikh, P. C.
AU  - Forsythe, J. R.
T1  - Recommendations for Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Procedures for Predicting Abrupt Wing Stall.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 627
EP  - 633
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper summarizes the lessons learned from the computational-fluid-dynamics effort of the joint NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program, discusses the results, and makes recommendations for approaches to be used in future aircraft programs to identify uncommanded lateral characteristics early in the design phase of an aircraft development program. The discussion also suggests procedures and figures of merit for use in predicting and quantifying rapid and severe wing-stall tendencies and vulnerabilities of the proposed designs. Topics addressed include critical parameters that can be used to identify uncommanded lateral activity in the transonic flow regime and the geometric parameters that were the primary contributors to the adverse lateral activity observed on preproduction F/A-18E/F aircraft. In addition, differences in steady-state and averaged time-accurate computational solutions for the F/A-18E in the abrupt-wing-stall region of interest are analyzed and compared with existing unsteady experimental data to determine the utility and accuracy of the unsteady approach. Lastly, proposed computational figures of merit are critically evaluated as indicators of possible abrupt separation tendencies, and screening procedures for the identification of those tendencies are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NEAR misses (Aeronautics)
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
N1  - Accession Number: 17499814; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p627; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NEAR misses (Aeronautics); Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cook, Stephen P.
AU  - Kokolios, Alexander
AU  - Page, Anthony
AU  - Chambers, Joseph
AU  - Niewoehner, Robert
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - Roesch, Michael
T1  - Integrated Approach to Assessment of Transonic Abrupt Wing Stall for Advanced Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 646
EP  - 652
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Abrupt wing stall at transonic flight conditions can result in uncommanded rolling motions that have historically degraded flying qualities, compromised mission performance, and reduced safety of flight for a variety of aircraft. Recently, a U.S. government research program, the Abrupt Wing Stall Program, has advanced the state of the art in detection of abrupt wing stall through computational fluid dynamics, experimental aerodynamics, and flight dynamics. It is therefore essential that these tools be combined into an integrated approach that not only provides for the identification of abrupt wing stall, but also allows for the resulting flight characteristics to be assessed and the risks to the aircraft program be mitigated. The primary means of assessing the flying qualities impacts of transonic abrupt wing stall is through the construction of an aircraft math model that can accurately characterize the dynamic response to abrupt stall. The primary means of mitigating program risks is through the inclusion of free-to-roll wind-tunnel testing in the acquisition plan. Recommendations for assessing transonic abrupt wing stall are presented for the aircraft designer and for the program manager. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - RISK management in business
N1  - Accession Number: 17499817; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p646; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: RISK management in business; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Woodson, Shawn H.
AU  - Chambers, Joseph R.
T1  - Accomplishments of the Abrupt-Wing-Stall Program.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 660
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Abrupt-Wing-Stall (AWS) Program has addressed the problem of uncommanded lateral motions, such as wing drop and wing rock, at transonic speeds. The genesis of this program was the experience of the F/A-18E/F program in the late 1990s, when wing drop was discovered in the heart of the maneuver envelope for the preproduction aircraft. Although the F/A-18E/F problem was subsequently corrected by a leading-edge flap scheduling change and the addition of a porous door to the wing fold fairing, the AWS program was initiated as a national response to the lack of technology readiness at the time of the F/A-18E/F development program. The AWS program objectives were to define causal factors for the F/A-18E/F experience, to gain insights into the flow physics associated with wing drop, and to develop methods and analytical tools so that future programs could identify this type of problem before going to flight test. The major goals of the AWS Program, the status of the technology before the program began, the program objectives, the accomplishments, and the impacts are reviewed. Lessons learned are presented for the benefit of programs that must assess whether a future vehicle will have uncommanded lateral motions before going to flight test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - FIGHTER planes
N1  - Accession Number: 17499818; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p653; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhargava, Chirag
AU  - Loth, Eric
AU  - Potapczuk, Mark
T1  - Simulating the Aerodynamics of the NASA John H. Glenn Icing Research Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 671
EP  - 684
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The objective of this study is to develop and employ a numerical simulation strategy for predicting the airflow from the spray bars to the test section of the NASA John H. Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). In particular, predictions of the mean velocity and turbulence distributions were desired throughout this flow domain to later investigate droplet dispersion. Computational airflow results were produced using the WIND code (developed by NPARC) with a second-order accurate finite difference scheme and the shear stress transport k-Ω urbulence model. The inflow conditions for the flow domain were derived from the IRT measurements just upstream of the spray bars, which reflected the contributions to turbulence from the upstream heat exchanger wake. It was found that inclusion of the spray bar wakes and the air jets (of the spray nozzles) were required to describe the wind-tunnel turbulence distribution. Because it was impractical to simultaneously resolve the overall flow domain (60 ft long), along with the detailed flow around the 10 spray bars and the flow within a hundred air jets (issuing from 1/8-in. nozzle diameters), these features were simulated individually and then algebraically combined together to give an approximate solution. The results of the spray bar wake combined with the heat exchanger flow yielded good prediction of test section mean velocity and turbulence for the jets-off condition. Inclusion of all of the individual air jets also yielded reasonable resulting predictions of mean velocity and turbulence in the test section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 17499821; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p671; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 20 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Margalit, S.
AU  - Greenblatt, D.
AU  - Seifert, A.
AU  - Wygnanski, I.
T1  - Delta Wing Stall and Roll Control Using Segmented Piezoelectric Fluidic Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 698
EP  - 709
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The separated flow around a balance-mounted, 60-deg sweptback, semispan delta wing with a sharp leading edge was controlled using zero-mass-flux periodic excitation from a segmented leading-edge slot. Excitation was generated by cavity-installed piezoelectric actuators operating at resonance with amplitude modulation (AM) and burst mode (BM) signals being used to achieve reduced frequencies (scaled with the freestream velocity and the root chord) in the range from ??(1) to ??(10). Results of a parametric investigation, studying the effects of AM frequency, BM duty cycle and frequency, excitation amplitude, location of the actuation along the leading edge, and optimal phase difference between the actuators, as well as the Reynolds number, are reported and discussed. Balance data were supplemented by upper surface static pressure measurements and particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. Order unity reduced-frequency modulation of the high-frequency carrier wave increased the normal force generated by the delta wing most effectively. BM with a duty cycle that was as low as 5% was more effective than the amplitude-modulated signal with larger peak excitation velocity and an order of magnitude larger momentum input. PIV data suggest that excitation enhances the momentum transfer across the shear layer, downstream of the original vortex breakdown location, generating a streamwise vortex the size of which is commensurate with the local wing span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 17499823; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p698; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiquan Dong
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Baike Xi
T1  - A Climatology of Midlatitude Continental Clouds from the ARM SGP Central Facility: Part I: Low-Level Cloud Macrophysical, Microphysical, and Radiative Properties.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 18
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1391
EP  - 1410
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - A record of single-layer and overcast low cloud (stratus) properties has been generated using approximately 4000 h of data collected from January 1997 to December 2002 at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains Central Facility (SCF). The cloud properties include liquid-phase and liquid-dominant mixed-phase low cloud macrophysical, microphysical, and radiative properties including cloud-base and -top heights and temperatures, and cloud physical thickness derived from a ground-based radar and lidar pair, and rawinsonde sounding; cloud liquid water path (LWP) and content (LWC), and cloud-droplet effective radius (re) and number concentration (N) derived from the macrophysical properties and radiometer data; and cloud optical depth (τ), effective solar transmission (γ), and cloud/top-of-atmosphere albedos (Rcldy/RTOA) derived from Eppley precision spectral pyranometer measurements. The cloud properties were analyzed in terms of their seasonal, monthly, and hourly variations. In general, more stratus clouds occur during winter and spring than in summer. Cloud-layer altitudes and physical thicknesses were higher and greater in summer than in winter with averaged physical thicknesses of 0.85 and 0.73 km for day and night, respectively. The seasonal variations of LWP, LWC, N, τ, Rcldy, and RTOA basically follow the same pattern with maxima and minima during winter and summer, respectively. There is no significant variation in mean re, however, despite a summertime peak in aerosol loading. Although a considerable degree of variability exists, the 6-yr average values of LWP, LWC, re, N, τ, γ, Rcldy, and RTOA are 151 gm-2 (138), 0.245 gm-3 (0.268), 8.7 μm (8.5), 213 cm-3 (238), 26.8 (24.8), 0.331, 0.672, and 0.563 for daytime (nighttime). A new conceptual model of midlatitude continental low clouds at the ARM SGP site has been developed from this study. The low stratus cloud amount monotonically increases from midnight to early morning (0930 LT), and remains large until around local noon, then declines until 1930 LT when it levels off for the remainder of the night. In the morning, the stratus cloud layer is low, warm, and thick with less LWC, while in the afternoon it is high, cold, and thin with more LWC. Future parts of this series will consider other cloud types and cloud radiative forcing at the ARM SCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Stratus clouds
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 17189892; Xiquan Dong 1; Email Address: dong@aero.und.edu; Minnis, Patrick 2; Baike Xi 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; 2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1391; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Stratus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holtzclaw, J. D.
AU  - Morris, Lee G.
AU  - Pyatt, Robert
AU  - Giver, Cynthia S.
AU  - Hoey, Joseph
AU  - Haynes, J. K.
AU  - Gunn, Robert B.
AU  - Eaton, Douglas
AU  - Eisen, Arri
T1  - FIRST.
JO  - Journal of College Science Teaching
JF  - Journal of College Science Teaching
J1  - Journal of College Science Teaching
PY  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 29
SN  - 0047231X
AB  - Provides information on Fellowships in Research and Science Teaching (FIRST), a collaborative project involving Emory University and the schools of the Atlanta University Center aimed to address the problems in science education scholarship.  Goals of FIRST; Information on the teaching course taught during the first year of FIRST: Career development opportunities in the program.
KW  - TEACHING -- Scholarships, fellowships, etc.
KW  - RESEARCH -- Study & teaching
KW  - SCIENCE -- Study & teaching
KW  - CAREER development
KW  - LEARNING & scholarship
KW  - SCHOLARSHIPS
KW  - EMORY University
N1  - Accession Number: 16834595; Source Information: May/Jun2005, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p24; Subject Term: TEACHING -- Scholarships, fellowships, etc.; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: SCIENCE -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: CAREER development; Subject Term: LEARNING & scholarship; Subject Term: SCHOLARSHIPS; Subject Term: EMORY University; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Charts; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald M.
T1  - Creating the Project Office: A Manager's Guide to Leading Organizational Change.
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 298
EP  - 300
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 07376782
AB  - Reviews two books related to management, "Creating the Project Office: A Manager's Guide to Leading Organizational Change," by Randall L. Englund, Robert J. Graham, and Paul C. Dinsmore and "The Complete Project Management Office Handbook," by Gerard M. Hill.
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - ENGLUND, Randall L.
KW  - GRAHAM, Robert J.
KW  - DINSMORE, Paul C.
KW  - HILL, Gerard M.
KW  - CREATING the Project Office: A Manager's Guide to Leading Organizational Change (Book)
KW  - COMPLETE Project Management Office Handbook, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 16626546; Mulenburg, Gerald M. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p298; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: CREATING the Project Office: A Manager's Guide to Leading Organizational Change (Book); Reviews & Products: COMPLETE Project Management Office Handbook, The (Book); People: ENGLUND, Randall L.; People: GRAHAM, Robert J.; People: DINSMORE, Paul C.; People: HILL, Gerard M.; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1111/j.0737-6782.2005.125_4.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Randall, David A.
T1  - Numerical Simulations of Interactions between Gravity Waves and Deep Moist Convection.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/05//5/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1480
EP  - 1496
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study uses a numerical model to simulate deep convection both in the Tropics over the ocean and the midlatitudes over land. The vertical grid that was used extends into the stratosphere, allowing for the simultaneous examination of the convection and the vertically propagating gravity waves that it generates. A large number of trajectories are used to evaluate the behavior of tracers in the troposphere, and it is found that the tracers can be segregated into different types based upon their position in a diagram of normalized vertical velocity versus displacement. Conditional sampling is also used to identify updrafts in the troposphere and calculate their contribution to the kinetic energy budget of the troposphere. In addition, Fourier analysis is used to characterize the waves in the stratosphere; it was found that the waves simulated in this study have similarities to those observed and simulated by other researchers. Finally, this study examines the wave energy flux as a means to provide a link between the tropospheric behavior of the convection and the strength of the waves in the stratosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Gravity waves
N1  - Accession Number: 17239773; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1,2; Email Address: z.a.eitzen@larc.nasa.gov; Randall, David A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Issue Info: 5/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 5, p1480; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Hydrodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Friedmann, E. Imre
AU  - Sun, Henry J.
T1  - Communities Adjust their Temperature Optima by Shifting Producer-to-Consumer Ratio, Shown in Lichens as Models: I. Hypothesis.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 523
EP  - 527
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00953628
AB  - An apparent paradox exists in the ecology of Antarctic lichens: their net photosynthetic temperature optimum (around 0°C) lies far below the temperature optima of their constituent algae and fungi (around 20°C). To address this paradox, we consider lichens as microbial communities and propose the “community adaptation” hypothesis, which posits that in each thermal regime there is an equilibrium between photosynthetic primary producers (photobionts), and heterotrophic consumers (mycobiont and parasymbiont fungi). This equilibrium, expressed as the producer/consumer ratio ( Rp/c), maximizes the fitness of the community. As respiration increases with temperature, more rapidly than does photosynthesis, Rp/c will shift accordingly in warm habitats, resulting in a high-growth temperature optimum for the community (the lichen). This lends lichens an adaptive flexibility that enables them to function optimally at any thermal regime within the tolerance limits of the constituent organisms. The variable equilibrium of producers and consumers may have a similar role in thermal adaptation of more complex communities and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Lichens
KW  - Cryptogams
KW  - Dye plants
KW  - Ascolichens
N1  - Accession Number: 18130967; Friedmann, E. Imre 1; Email Address: ifriedmann@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Sun, Henry J. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3 Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; 2: Desert Research Institute, 755 East Flamingo Rd. Las Vegas 89119-7363 USA; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p523; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Lichens; Thesaurus Term: Cryptogams; Thesaurus Term: Dye plants; Thesaurus Term: Ascolichens; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812320 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-005-3680-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Henry J.
AU  - Friedmann, E. Imre
T1  - Communities Adjust their Temperature Optima by Shifting Producer-to-Consumer Ratio, Shown in Lichens as Models: II. Experimental Verification.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 528
EP  - 535
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00953628
AB  - The community adaptation hypothesis [7] predicts that lichens, simple communities of microorganisms, can adapt to a wide range of thermal regimes by regulating the ratio of primary producers (algae) and consumers (fungi): Rp/c. To test this hypothesis, we determined Rp/c values by image analysis of cross sections of herbarium specimens of the lichen Cladina rangiferina, which is widely distributed between the Arctic and the tropics. We found that Rp/c for C. rangiferina increases with summer temperature by more than one order of magnitude, consistent with the hypothesis. To assess the ecological significance of community adaptation ( Rp/c regulation), other adaptive mechanisms (e.g., photobiont substitution, genetic adaptation, and photosynthetic acclimation in North American Cladina spp.) were studied. Laboratory investigations with algae and fungi isolated in culture from live specimens suggested that the role of these mechanisms is relatively minor and cannot account for the high degree of lichen adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Lichens
KW  - Cryptogams
KW  - Dye plants
KW  - Ascolichens
N1  - Accession Number: 18130966; Sun, Henry J. 1; Email Address: henry.sun@dri.edu; Friedmann, E. Imre 2; Affiliations: 1: Desert Research Institute, 755 East Flamingo Rd. Las Vegas 89119-7363 USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3 Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p528; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Lichens; Thesaurus Term: Cryptogams; Thesaurus Term: Dye plants; Thesaurus Term: Ascolichens; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812320 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-005-3679-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gregory, Frederick
T1  - Next Stop, Mars.
JO  - Popular Mechanics
JF  - Popular Mechanics
J1  - Popular Mechanics
PY  - 2005/05//
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 182
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 99
PB  - Hearst Magazines, a division of Hearst Communications, Inc.
SN  - 00324558
AB  - The article reports that astronauts will land on Mars between now and 2025. The U.S. will have unmanned missions to the moon in the next five years. The missions on the moon will be based on what's necessary to get to Mars. And what scientists do on Mars will be what's necessary for them to go even farther. All these missions will rely on human/robotic activity. Scientists have fallen into a trap believing it must be either human or robotic, but the two work very well together. So, at first rovers will determine what is on the surface. Then humans will follow, working alongside robots.
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 16784253; Source Information: May2005, Vol. 182 Issue 5, p98; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Article; ; Full Text Word Count: 676; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landi, B.J.
AU  - Castro, S.L.
AU  - Ruf, H.J.
AU  - Evans, C.M.
AU  - Bailey, S.G.
AU  - Raffaelle, R.P.
T1  - CdSe quantum dot-single wall carbon nanotube complexes for polymeric solar cells
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 87
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 733
EP  - 746
SN  - 09270248
AB  - Abstract: The development of lightweight, flexible polymeric solar cells which utilize nanostructured materials has been investigated. Incorporation of quantum dots (QDs) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into a poly(3-octylthiophene)-(P3OT) composite, has been shown to facilitate exciton dissociation and carrier transport in a properly structured device. Optimization towards an ideal electron acceptor for polymeric solar cells that exhibits high electron affinity and high electrical conductivity has been proposed in the form of QD-SWNT complexes. Specifically, the synthesis of CdSe-aminoethanethiol-SWNT complexes has been performed, with confirmation by microscopy (SEM, TEM, and AFM) and spectroscopy (FT-IR and optical absorption). Polymer composites containing these complexes in P3OT have been used to fabricate solar cells which show limited efficiency due to recombination and surface effects, but an open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 0.75V. However, evaluation of the optical absorption spectra for these nanomaterial-polymeric composites has shown a marked enhancement in the ability to capture the available irradiance of the air mass zero (AM0) spectrum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Fullerenes
KW  - Direct energy conversion
KW  - Nanotubes
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - Polymer solar cell
KW  - Quantum dot
N1  - Accession Number: 18132983; Landi, B.J. 1; Castro, S.L. 2; Ruf, H.J. 1; Evans, C.M. 1; Bailey, S.G. 3; Raffaelle, R.P. 1; Email Address: rprsps@rit.edu; Affiliations: 1: NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; 2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, OH 44142, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 87 Issue 1-4, p733; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Fullerenes; Thesaurus Term: Direct energy conversion; Subject Term: Nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer solar cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum dot; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.07.047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalton, J. Brad
T1  - Planetary science: Saturn's retrograde renegade.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/05/05/
VL  - 435
IS  - 7038
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 34
SN  - 00280836
AB  - This article presents an evidence which proves that the saturnian moon Phoebe was formed elsewhere in the Solar System, and was only later captured by Saturn's gravitational pull. On 11 June 2004, shortly before it permanently entered Saturn's orbit, the spacecraft Cassini-Huygens made its closest approach to the planet's outermost moon, Phoebe. Phoebe is a small, irregular satellite in an eccentric, inclined, retrograde orbit--moving counter to the direction of the planet's rotation, in contrast to the more common, prograde, movement. The spectral observations also point to a wealth of volatile compounds---among them water-ice, carbon dioxide and several organic compounds, including alkanes, aromatic compounds, nitriles and other cyanide compounds, indicating an origin somewhere in the frozen outer reaches of the solar nebula, rather than in the hotter, drier inner Solar System where the terrestrial planets and the asteroid belt formed.
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Carbon compounds
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Outer planets
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Planetary scientists
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 16953769; Dalton, J. Brad 1; Email Address: dalton@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, Mail Stop 245-3, Planetary Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA.; Issue Info: 5/5/2005, Vol. 435 Issue 7038, p33; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Carbon compounds; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Outer planets; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Planetary scientists; Subject Term: Space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/435033a
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Nelson, Robert M.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - Lunine, J.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D. L.
AU  - Mennella, V.
AU  - Nicholson, P. D.
AU  - Sicardy, B.
T1  - Compositional maps of Saturn's moon Phoebe from imaging spectroscopy.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/05/05/
VL  - 435
IS  - 7038
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 69
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The origin of Phoebe, which is the outermost large satellite of Saturn, is of particular interest because its inclined, retrograde orbit suggests that it was gravitationally captured by Saturn, having accreted outside the region of the solar nebula in which Saturn formed. By contrast, Saturn's regular satellites (with prograde, low-inclination, circular orbits) probably accreted within the sub-nebula in which Saturn itself formed. Here we report imaging spectroscopy of Phoebe resulting from the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft encounter on 11 June 2004. We mapped ferrous-iron-bearing minerals, bound water, trapped CO2, probable phyllosilicates, organics, nitriles and cyanide compounds. Detection of these compounds on Phoebe makes it one of the most compositionally diverse objects yet observed in our Solar System. It is likely that Phoebe's surface contains primitive materials from the outer Solar System, indicating a surface of cometary origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Silicates
KW  - Image analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 16953746; Clark, Roger N. 1; Email Address: rclark@usgs.gov; Brown, Robert H. 2; Jaumann, Ralf 3; Cruikshank, Dale P. 4; Nelson, Robert M. 5; Buratti, Bonnie J. 5; McCord, Thomas B. 6; Lunine, J. 2; Baines, K. H. 5; Bellucci, G. 7; Bibring, J.-P. 8; Capaccioni, F. 7; Cerroni, P. 7; Coradini, A. 7; Formisano, V. 7; Langevin, Y. 8; Matson, D. L. 5; Mennella, V. 7; Nicholson, P. D. 9; Sicardy, B. 10; Affiliations: 1: US Geological Survey, MS964, Box 25046, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA.; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Stewart Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.; 3: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Sensor Technology and Planetary Exploration, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.; 6: University of Hawaii atManoa, HIGP/SOEST, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.; 7: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Rome 00133, Italy.; 8: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Universite' de Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex France.; 9: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.; 10: Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France.; Issue Info: 5/5/2005, Vol. 435 Issue 7038, p66; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Silicates; Subject Term: Image analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03558
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Priestley, Kory
AU  - Kandel, Robert
T1  - Changes in Earth's Albedo Measured by Satellite.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/05/06/
VL  - 308
IS  - 5723
M3  - Article
SP  - 825
EP  - 825
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article reports on studies related to the measurement of the albedo of Earth. It is the fraction of the global incident solar radiation that is reflected back to space, and is a fundamental parameter of global energy balance. Global albedo can change with changes in Earth's cloud fractional coverage, cloud thickness, aerosol amount, forest cover, or snow and ice cover. Researchers examined recent global satellite observations designed to measure the variations in planetary albedo, the broadband Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System observations from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Surface -- Optical properties
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 17062900; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Email Address: b.a.wielicki@nasa.gov; Wong, Takmeng 1; Loeb, Norman 2; Minnis, Patrick 1; Priestley, Kory 1; Kandel, Robert 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681. USA.; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA.; 3: Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique du CNRS, Palaiseau, France.; Issue Info: 5/6/2005, Vol. 308 Issue 5723, p825; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Surface -- Optical properties; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Barnes, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Hollingsworth, Jeffery L.
AU  - Kieffer, Hugh H.
AU  - Titus, Timothy N.
T1  - Albedo of the south pole on Mars determined by topographic forcing of atmosphere dynamics.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/05/12/
VL  - 435
IS  - 7039
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 188
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The nature of the martian south polar cap has remained enigmatic since the first spacecraft observations. In particular, the presence of a perennial carbon dioxide ice cap, the formation of a vast area of black‘slab ice’known as the Cryptic region and the asymmetric springtime retreat of the cap have eluded explanation. Here we present observations and climate modelling that indicate the south pole of Mars is characterized by two distinct regional climates that are the result of dynamical forcing by the largest southern impact basins, Argyre and Hellas. The style of surface frost deposition is controlled by these regional climates. In the cold and stormy conditions that exist poleward of 60°?S and extend 180°in longitude west from the Mountains of Mitchel (~30°?W), surface frost accumulation is dominated by precipitation. In the opposite hemisphere, the polar atmosphere is relatively warm and clear and frost accumulation is dominated by direct vapour deposition. It is the differences in these deposition styles that determine the cap albedo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Vapor-plating
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 17013547; Colaprete, Anthony 1; Email Address: Anthony.Colaprete-1@nasa.gov; Barnes, Jeffrey R. 2; Haberle, Robert M. 1; Hollingsworth, Jeffery L. 3; Kieffer, Hugh H. 4; Titus, Timothy N. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; 2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; 3: San JoséState University Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; 4: US Geological Survey, Astrogeology Team, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; Issue Info: 5/12/2005, Vol. 435 Issue 7039, p184; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Vapor-plating; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03561
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duray, Paul H.
AU  - Shu-Rong Yin
AU  - Ito, Yoshinori
AU  - Bezrukov, Ludmila
AU  - Cox, Cheri
AU  - Myong-Soon Cho
AU  - Fitzgerald, Wendy
AU  - Dorward, David
AU  - Zimmerberg, Joshua
AU  - Margolis, Leonid
T1  - Invasion of Human Tissue Ex Vivo by Borrelia burgdorferi.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 191
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1747
EP  - 1754
SN  - 00221899
AB  - Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is an etiological agent of Lyme disease. The lack of an adequate ex vivo system for human tissue infection is an obstacle to fully understanding the molecular mechanisms of invasion of tissue by B. burgdorferi and its adaptation within the human host. Here, we report on the development of such a system. We inoculated blocks of human tonsillar tissue with B. burgdorferi spirochetes, cultured them in a low-shear rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, and analyzed them using light and electron microscopy, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and quantitative real-time PCR. Also, we evaluated the expression of the outer surface proteins (Osps) OspA and OspC by use of quantitative Western blotting. Light and electron microscopic analysis revealed multiple spirochetes localized extracellularly within the tissue, and their identity was confirmed by PCR. Quantification of spirochetes inside the RWV-cultured tonsillar tissue demonstrated that the number of B. burgdorferi exceeded the initial inoculum by an order of magnitude, indicating that spirochetes replicated in the tissue. Electron microscopic analysis showed that some spirochetes were arranged in cystic structures and that invading spirochetes differentially expressed surface proteins; both of these features have been described for infected tissues in vivo. The system we have developed can be used to study B. burgdorferi pathogenesis under controlled conditions ex vivo, in particular to explore the gene activation responsible for the adaptation of B. burgdorferi to human tissue that leads to Lyme disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bacterial diseases
KW  - Bioreactors
KW  - Borrelia burgdorferi
KW  - Lyme disease
KW  - Bacterial proteins
KW  - Tissues
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - Electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 16782880; Duray, Paul H. 1; Email Address: paul.duray@med.va.gov; Shu-Rong Yin 2; Ito, Yoshinori 2; Bezrukov, Ludmila 2; Cox, Cheri 2; Myong-Soon Cho 2; Fitzgerald, Wendy 2; Dorward, David 3; Zimmerberg, Joshua 2; Margolis, Leonid 2; Email Address: margolis@helix.nih.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/National Institutes of Health Center for Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; 3: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana; Issue Info: 5/15/2005, Vol. 191 Issue 10, p1747; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial diseases; Thesaurus Term: Bioreactors; Subject Term: Borrelia burgdorferi; Subject Term: Lyme disease; Subject Term: Bacterial proteins; Subject Term: Tissues; Subject Term: Polymerase chain reaction; Subject Term: Electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berterretche, Mercedes
AU  - Hudak, Andrew T.
AU  - Cohen, Warren B.
AU  - Maiersperger, Thomas K.
AU  - Gower, Stith T.
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer
T1  - Comparison of regression and geostatistical methods for mapping Leaf Area Index (LAI) with Landsat ETM+ data over a boreal forest
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 96
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 61
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: This study compared aspatial and spatial methods of using remote sensing and field data to predict maximum growing season leaf area index (LAI) maps in a boreal forest in Manitoba, Canada. The methods tested were orthogonal regression analysis (reduced major axis, RMA) and two geostatistical techniques: kriging with an external drift (KED) and sequential Gaussian conditional simulation (SGCS). Deterministic methods such as RMA and KED provide a single predicted map with either aspatial (e.g., standard error, in regression techniques) or limited spatial (e.g., KED variance) assessments of errors, respectively. In contrast, SGCS takes a probabilistic approach, where simulated values are conditional on the sample values and preserve the sample statistics. In this application, canonical indices were used to maximize the ability of Landsat ETM+ spectral data to account for LAI variability measured in the field through a spatially nested sampling design. As expected based on theory, SGCS did the best job preserving the distribution of measured LAI values. In terms of spatial pattern, SGCS preserved the anisotropy observed in semivariograms of measured LAI, while KED reduced anisotropy and lowered global variance (i.e., lower sill), also consistent with theory. The conditional variance of multiple SGCS realizations provided a useful visual and quantitative measure of spatial uncertainty. For applications requiring spatial prediction methods, we concluded KED is more useful if local accuracy is important, but SGCS is better for indicating global pattern. Predicting LAI from satellite data using geostatistical methods requires a distribution and density of primary, reference LAI measurements that are impractical to obtain. For regional NPP modeling with coarse resolution inputs, the aspatial RMA regression method is the most practical option. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Manitoba
KW  - Conditional simulation
KW  - Kriging
KW  - Reduced major axis regression
N1  - Accession Number: 17790428; Berterretche, Mercedes 1; Hudak, Andrew T. 2; Email Address: ahudak@fs.fed.us; Cohen, Warren B. 3; Maiersperger, Thomas K. 1; Gower, Stith T. 4; Dungan, Jennifer 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; 2: Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, Idaho 83843; 3: Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331; 4: Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison 53706; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Issue Info: May2005, Vol. 96 Issue 1, p49; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Subject: Manitoba; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conditional simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kriging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced major axis regression; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.01.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Thomas M.
AU  - Ballenthin, John O.
AU  - Viggiano, A.A.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Wey, Chowen C.
T1  - Mass distribution and concentrations of negative chemiions in the exhaust of a jet engine: Sulfuric acid concentrations and observation of particle growth
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 39
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 3069
EP  - 3079
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Measurements of negative-ion composition and density have been made in the exhaust of a J85-GE-5H turbojet, at ground level, as part of the NASA-EXCAVATE campaign. The mass spectrometer was placed 3m from the exhaust plane of the engine. Measurements were done as a function of engine power in six steps from idle (50%) to military power (100%). Since the exhaust velocity changes with power, this also corresponds to a time evolution for ion growth. At 100% power most of the ions are HSO4− with minor amounts of HSO4−(H2O) n . With decreasing engine power the degree of hydration increases. In addition, ions with a 139-amu core dominate the spectra at lower engine power. The chemical identity of this ion is unknown. Observation of a small amount of NO3− core ions in the high-power spectra allows the determination of H2SO4 concentrations, which turn out to be a fraction-of-a-percent of the total sulfur in the fuel. Combining the present data with several previous composition measurements allows one to observe ion evolution from bare ions to ions with masses >8000amu. Ion densities are derived and appear consistent with previous measurements used in modeling studies indicating that ion nucleation is a probable mechanism for volatile aerosol formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ions
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Sulfuric acid
KW  - Mass spectrometers
KW  - Aerosol growth
KW  - Ion-induced nucleation
KW  - Jet engine
KW  - Mass spectrometer
N1  - Accession Number: 17953687; Miller, Thomas M. 1; Ballenthin, John O. 1; Viggiano, A.A. 1; Email Address: albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil; Anderson, Bruce E. 2; Wey, Chowen C. 3; Affiliations: 1: Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010, USA; 2: Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; 3: Engine Components Division, Army Research Laboratory/High Speed Systems Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jun2005, Vol. 39 Issue 17, p3069; Thesaurus Term: Ions; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Sulfuric acid; Subject Term: Mass spectrometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion-induced nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass spectrometer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lerner, Narcinda R.
AU  - Cooper, George W.
T1  - Iminodicarboxylic acids in the Murchison meteorite: Evidence of Strecker reactions
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 69
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2901
EP  - 2906
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: α-Amino acids and α-hydroxy acids are well known constituents of several carbonaceous meteorites. One proposed mechanism of their formation is the reactions of CN−, NH3, aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solution, a Strecker-like synthesis. Iminodicarboxylic acids, relatively unusual in molecular structure, are significant by-products of laboratory Strecker syntheses of α-amino acids. It is therefore notable that an analogous suite of imino acids has not been reported in CM2 chondrites where amino and hydroxy acids are abundant. In this work, aqueous extracts of the Murchison meteorite were examined for the presence of imino acids; GC-MS and HPLC molecular analyses revealed a complex suite of such acids. With the exception of one of the seven-carbon members, all of the C4 through C7 imino acids were observed in Murchison. These observations suggest that the Strecker synthesis made, at least, some contribution to the formation of extraterrestrial amino acids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carboxylic acids
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Aldehydes
N1  - Accession Number: 17918867; Lerner, Narcinda R. 1; Cooper, George W.; Email Address: gcooper@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jun2005, Vol. 69 Issue 11, p2901; Subject Term: Carboxylic acids; Subject Term: Meteorites; Subject Term: Amino acids; Subject Term: Aldehydes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2004.12.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barniv, Yair
AU  - Aguilar, Mario
AU  - Hasanbelliu, Erion
T1  - Using EMG to Anticipate Head Motion for Virtual-Environment Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
PY  - 2005/06//
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1078
EP  - 1093
SN  - 00189294
AB  - In virtual environment (VE) applications, where virtual objects are presented in a see-through head-mounted display, virtual images must be continuously stabilized in space in response to user's head motion. Time delays in head-motion compensation cause virtual objects to "swim" around instead of being stable in space which results in misalignment errors when overlaying virtual and real objects. Visual update delays are a critical technical obstacle for implementing head-mounted displays in applications such as battlefield simulation/training, telerobotics, and telemedicine. Head motion is currently measurable by a head-mounted 6-degrees-of-freedom inertial measurement unit. However, even given this information, overall VE-system latencies cannot be reduced under about 25 ms. We present a novel approach to eliminating latencies, which is premised on the fact that myoelectric signals from a muscle precede its exertion of force, thereby limb or head acceleration. We thus suggest utilizing neck-muscles' myoelectric signals to anticipate head motion. We trained a neural network to map such signals onto equivalent time-advanced inertial outputs. The resulting network can achieve time advances of up to 70 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - REALITY
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine
KW  - MEDICINE
N1  - Accession Number: 17181142; Source Information: Jun2005, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1078; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: REALITY; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: MEDICINE; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 16p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2005.848378
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andre, Carrie L.
AU  - Carlin, John A.
AU  - Boecki, John J.
AU  - Wilt, David M.
AU  - Smith, M. A.
AU  - Pitera, A. J.
AU  - Lee, M. L.
AU  - Fitzgerald, Eugene A.
AU  - Ringel, Steven A.
T1  - Investigations of High-Performance GaAs Solar Cells Grown on Ge-Si1-xGex-Si Substrates.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2005/06//
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1060
SN  - 00189383
AB  - High-performance p+ /n GaAs solar cells were grown and processed on compositionally graded Ge-Si1-∞Ge∞-Si (SiGe) substrates. Total area efficiencies of 18.1 % under the AM1.5-G spectrum were measured for 0.0444 cm² solar cells. This high efficiency is attributed to the very high open-circuit voltages (980 mV (AMO) and 973 mV (AM1.5-G)) that were achieved by the reduction in threading dislocation density enabled by the SiGe buffers, and thus reduced carrier recombination losses. This is the highest independently confirmed efficiency and open-circuit voltage for a GaAs solar cell grown on a Si-based substrate to date. Larger area solar cells were also studied in order to examine the impact of device area on GaAs-on-SiGe solar cell performance; we found that an increase in device area from 0.36 to 4.0 cm² did not degrade the measured performance characteristics for cells processed on identical substrates. Moreover, the device performance uniformity for large area heteroepitaxial cells is consistent with that of homoepitaxial cells; thus, device growth and processing on SiGe substrates did not introduce added performance variations. These results demonstrate that using SiGe interlayers to produce "virtual" Ge substrates may provide a robust method for scaleable integration of high performance III-V photovoItaics devices with large area Si wafers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INVESTIGATIONS
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - SILICON
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
N1  - Accession Number: 17237703; Source Information: Jun2005, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1055; Subject Term: INVESTIGATIONS; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2005.848117
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornby, Gregory S.
AU  - Takamura, Seichi
AU  - Yamamoto, Takashi
AU  - Fujita, Masahiro
T1  - Autonomous Evolution of Dynamic Gaits With Two Quadruped Robots.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
PY  - 2005/06//
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 402
EP  - 410
SN  - 15523098
AB  - A challenging task that must be accomplished for every legged robot is creating the walking and running behaviors needed for it to move. In this paper we describe our system for autonomously evolving dynamic gaits on two of Sony's quadruped robots. Our evolutionary algorithm runs on board the robot and uses the robot's sensors to compute the quality of a gait without assistance from the experimenter. First, we show the evolution of a pace and trot gait on the OPEN-R prototype robot. With the fastest gait, the robot moves at over 10 m/min, which is more than forty body-lengths/min. While these first gaits are somewhat sensitive to the robot and environment in which they are evolved, we then show the evolution of robust dynamic gaits, one of which is used on the ERS-110, the first consumer version of AIBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTS
KW  - QUALITY
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - AUTOMATION
N1  - Accession Number: 17289444; Source Information: Jun2005, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p402; Subject Term: ROBOTS; Subject Term: QUALITY; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/FRO.2004.839222
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Shukia, Satyajit
AU  - Seal, Sudipta
T1  - Novel One-Dimensional Nanostructures.
JO  - Interface
JF  - Interface
Y1  - 2005///Summer2005
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 45
SN  - 10648208
AB  - The article presents information on one-dimensional nanostructures. Of all the nanoscale materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received the most attention worldwide. These are configurationally equivalent to a two-dimensional graphene sheet rolled into a tubular structure. With only one wall in the cylinder, the structure is called a single-walled carbon nanotube. The CNT structure is characterized by a chiral vector. When this chiral vector is an integer, the resulting structure is metallic; otherwise, it is a semiconductor. This is a unique electronic property that has excited the physics and device community leading to numerous possibilities in nanoelectronics.
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - CHIRALITY
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - BIOSENSORS
N1  - Accession Number: 17655123; Meyyappan, M. 1,2,3; Shukia, Satyajit 4; Email Address: sshukla@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu; Seal, Sudipta 5; Email Address: sseal@mail.ucf.edu; Affiliations: 1: Director, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.; 2: Senior Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.; 3: Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE).; 4: Research associate, University of Central Florida.; 5: Professor, University of Central Florida, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC).; Issue Info: Summer2005, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p41; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: CHIRALITY; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian-Bing Xu
AU  - Ji Su
T1  - Design, Modeling, Fabrication, and Performances of Bridge-Type High-Performance Electroactive Polymer Micromachined Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
J1  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
PY  - 2005/06//
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 539
EP  - 547
SN  - 10577157
AB  - Bridge-type high-performance polymer micromachined actuators (PMATs) based on an electroactive polymer, modified poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer had been designed, modeled, fabricated, and characterized. The results show that the material enables the PMAT to exhibit a high stroke level (60 µm displacement with 1 mm lateral dimension microactuator) with high-load capability and high-displacement voltage ratio (DVR) over a broad frequency range (>100 kHz). The stroke reduction in fluid (Silicone oil) is less than 5% comparing with the displacement in air. Impedance analysis and displacement measurement indicate that the PMAT has strong resonance behavior and the resonance frequency can be tuned by varying the dc bias field. Furthermore, the resonance peak, as expected by theoretical study, shifted to 6.5 times lower in fluid than in air with the mechanical Q value reduction less than 40%. In addition, the performance of the PMAT was modeled based on the elastic and electromechanical properties of the materials utilized in the PMAT and the configuration of the device. The comparison between the model and the experimental result shows a good agreement and validates the model as an effective method for the future development of PMAT for various applications. The high frequency response and respected performance in fluid medium demonstrate that the PMAT has potential for high performance MEMS components in the applications of microfluid systems, air dynamic control, under water transducers, and mass sensors, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - MICROACTUATORS
KW  - CONDUCTING polymers
N1  - Accession Number: 17338609; Source Information: Jun2005, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p539; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: MICROACTUATORS; Subject Term: CONDUCTING polymers; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 13 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.844744
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Powell, Matthew J.
AU  - Sutton, Jennifer N.
AU  - Del Castillo, Carlos E.
AU  - Timperman, Aaron T.
T1  - Marine proteomics: generation of sequence tags for dissolved proteins in seawater using tandem mass spectrometry
JO  - Marine Chemistry
JF  - Marine Chemistry
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 95
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 198
SN  - 03044203
AB  - Abstract: Dissolved proteins in seawater samples from the Gulf of Mexico were concentrated using tangential flow ultrafiltration and methanol/chloroform/water precipitation. Following concentration and purification, two different separation methods were employed. In one method, intact proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE and digested enzymatically in-gel. In the second method, the peptides resulting from a solution proteolytic digest of the whole protein pellet mixture were separated by capillary HPLC. In both methods, the final chromatographic separation was coupled on-line with a mass spectrometer using an electrospray interface, and peptide CID spectra were collected using tandem mass spectrometry (MS). De novo sequencing of the peptide tandem mass spectra generated short amino acid sequences (peptide tags) that were used to search databases for protein class and source information. Trends of conserved sequences for two specific classes of proteins were observed: membrane/envelope proteins and enzymes. Similarity searching of peptide tags produced identification of conserved sequences from several protein homologues originating from many different species, including: long chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase, anthranilate synthase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, and luminal binding protein. These results provide new insight into the sources and production mechanisms for dissolved organic matter (DOM), as there is direct evidence for dissolved proteins other than the bacterial outer membrane proteins reported by Tanoue et al. Furthermore, the data presented herein support the idea that physical protection and selective preservation are not mutually exclusive survival mechanisms, but rather these two models are dependent upon one another for explaining the survival of refractory dissolved proteins in seawater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Marine biology
KW  - Molecular biology
KW  - Proteomics
KW  - Mass spectrometers
KW  - Dissolved organic matter
KW  - Dissolved proteins
KW  - Methanol/chloroform/water precipitation
KW  - Tandem mass spectrometry
KW  - Ultrafiltration
N1  - Accession Number: 17826619; Powell, Matthew J. 1; Sutton, Jennifer N. 1; Del Castillo, Carlos E. 2; Email Address: carlos.e.delcastillo@nasa.gov; Timperman, Aaron T. 1; Email Address: atimperm@wvu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, CODE MA10, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA; Issue Info: Jun2005, Vol. 95 Issue 3/4, p183; Thesaurus Term: Marine biology; Thesaurus Term: Molecular biology; Subject Term: Proteomics; Subject Term: Mass spectrometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissolved organic matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissolved proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanol/chloroform/water precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tandem mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrafiltration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.09.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevens, Bjorn
AU  - Chin-Hoh Moeng
AU  - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU  - Bretherton, Christopher S.
AU  - Chlond, Andreas
AU  - de Roode, Stephan
AU  - Edwards, James
AU  - Golaz, Jean-Christophe
AU  - Hongli Jiang
AU  - Khairoutdinov, Marat
AU  - Kirkpatrick, Michael P.
AU  - Lewellen, David C.
AU  - Lock, Adrian
AU  - Müller, Frank
AU  - Stevens, David E.
AU  - Whelan, Eoin
AU  - Ping Zhu
T1  - Evaluation of Large-Eddy Simulations via Observations of Nocturnal Marine Stratocumulus.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 133
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1443
EP  - 1462
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Data from the first research flight (RF01) of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study are used to evaluate the fidelity with which large-eddy simulations (LESs) can represent the turbulent structure of stratocumulus-topped boundary layers. The initial data and forcings for this case placed it in an interesting part of parameter space, near the boundary where cloud-top mixing is thought to render the cloud layer unstable on the one hand, or tending toward a decoupled structure on the other hand. The basis of this evaluation consists of sixteen 4-h simulations from 10 modeling centers over grids whose vertical spacing was 5 m at the cloud-top interface and whose horizontal spacing was 35 m. Extensive sensitivity studies of both the configuration of the case and the numerical setup also enhanced the analysis. Overall it was found that (i) if efforts are made to reduce spurious mixing at cloud top, either by refining the vertical grid or limiting the effects of the subgrid model in this region, then the observed turbulent and thermodynamic structure of the layer can be reproduced with some fidelity; (ii) the base, or native configuration of most simulations greatly overestimated mixing at cloud top, tending toward a decoupled layer in which cloud liquid water path and turbulent intensities were grossly underestimated; (iii) the sensitivity of the simulations to the representation of mixing at cloud top is, to a certain extent, amplified by particulars of this case. Overall the results suggest that the use of LESs to map out the behavior of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer in this interesting region of parameter space requires a more compelling representation of processes at cloud top. In the absence of significant leaps in the understanding of subgrid-scale (SGS) physics, such a representation can only be achieved by a significant refinement in resolution—a refinement that, while conceivable given existing resources, is probably still beyond the reach of most centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Research
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 17434847; Stevens, Bjorn 1; Email Address: bstevens@atmos.ucla.edu; Chin-Hoh Moeng 2; Ackerman, Andrew S. 3; Bretherton, Christopher S. 4; Chlond, Andreas 5; de Roode, Stephan 6; Edwards, James 7; Golaz, Jean-Christophe 8; Hongli Jiang 9; Khairoutdinov, Marat 9; Kirkpatrick, Michael P. 10; Lewellen, David C. 11; Lock, Adrian 12; Müller, Frank 5; Stevens, David E. 13; Whelan, Eoin 12; Ping Zhu 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 5: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 6: Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht, Netherlands; 7: IBM Business Consulting Services, Boulder, Colorado; 8: National Research Council, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California; 9: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; 10: School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; 11: MAE Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia; 12: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom; 13: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Issue Info: Jun2005, Vol. 133 Issue 6, p1443; Thesaurus Term: Research; Thesaurus Term: Hydrodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Demoz, B. B.
AU  - Starr, D. O’C.
AU  - Evans, K. D.
AU  - Lare, A. R.
AU  - Whiteman, D. N.
AU  - Schwemmer, G.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Goldsmith, J. E. M.
AU  - Bisson, S. E.
T1  - The Cold Front of 15 April 1994 over the Central United States. Part I: Observations.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 133
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1525
EP  - 1543
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Detailed observations of the interactions of a cold front and a dryline over the central United States that led to dramatic undulations in the boundary layer, including an undular bore, are investigated using high-resolution water vapor mixing ratio profiles measured by Raman lidars. The lidar-derived water vapor mixing ratio profiles revealed the complex interaction between a dryline and a cold-frontal system. An elevated, well-mixed, and deep midtropospheric layer, as well as a sharp transition (between 5- and 6-km altitude) to a drier region aloft, was observed. The moisture oscillations due to the undular bore and the mixing of the prefrontal air mass with the cold air at the frontal surface are all well depicted. The enhanced precipitable water vapor and roll clouds, the undulations associated with the bore, the strong vertical circulation and mixing that led to the increase in the depth of the low-level moist layer, and the subsequent lifting of this moist layer by the cold-frontal surface, as well as the feeder flow behind the cold front, are clearly indicated. A synthesis of the Raman lidar–measured water vapor mixing ratio profiles, satellite, radiometer, tower, and Oklahoma Mesonet data indicated that the undular bore was triggered by the approaching cold front and propagated south-southeastward. The observed and calculated bore speeds were in reasonable agreement. Wave-ducting analysis showed that favorable wave-trapping mechanisms existed; a low-level stable layer capped by an inversion, a well-mixed midtropospheric layer, and wind curvature from a low-level jet were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cold (Temperature)
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Low temperatures
KW  - Precipitable water
KW  - Oklahoma
N1  - Accession Number: 17434843; Demoz, B. B. 1; Email Address: belay.b.demoz@nasa.gov; Starr, D. O’C. 1; Evans, K. D. 2; Lare, A. R. 3; Whiteman, D. N. 1; Schwemmer, G. 1; Ferrare, R. A. 4; Goldsmith, J. E. M. 5; Bisson, S. E. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 3: L-3 Communications Government Services, Inc., Chantilly, Virginia; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Issue Info: Jun2005, Vol. 133 Issue 6, p1525; Thesaurus Term: Cold (Temperature); Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Subject Term: Low temperatures; Subject Term: Precipitable water; Subject: Oklahoma; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korycansky, D.G.
AU  - Zahnle, K.J.
T1  - Modeling crater populations on Venus and Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 53
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 695
EP  - 710
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We describe a model for crater populations on planets and satellites with dense atmospheres, like those of Venus and Titan. The model takes into account ablation (or mass shedding), pancaking, and fragmentation. Fragmentation is assumed to occur due to the hydrodynamic instabilities promoted by the impactors’ deceleration in the atmosphere. Fragments that survive to hit the ground make craters or groups thereof. Crater sizes are estimated using standard laws in the gravity regime, modified to take into account impactor disruption. We use Monte Carlo methods to pick parameters from appropriate distributions of impactor mass, zenith angle, and velocity. Good fits to the Venus crater populations (including multiple crater fields) can be found with reasonable values of model parameters. An important aspect of the model is that it reproduces the dearth of small craters on Venus: this is due to a cutoff on crater formation we impose, when the expected crater would be smaller than the (dispersed) object that would make it. Hydrodynamic effects alone (ablation, pancaking, fragmentation) due to the passage of impactors through the atmosphere are insufficient to explain the lack of small craters. In our favored model, the observed number of craters (940) is produced by impactors with masses , yielding an age of (1- uncertainty) for the venusian surface. This figure does not take into account any uncertainties in crater scaling and impactor population characteristics, which probably increase the uncertainty to a factor of two in age. We apply the model with the same parameter values to Titan to predict crater populations under differing assumptions of impactor populations that reflect present conditions. We assume that the impactors (comets) are made of 50% porous ice. Predicted crater production rates are craters . The smallest craters on Titan are predicted to be in diameter, and crater fields are expected. If the impactors are composed of solid ice (density ), crater production rates increase by and the smallest crater is predicted to be in diameter. We give cratering rates for denser comets and atmospheres 0.1 and 10 times as thick as Titan''s current atmosphere. We also explicitly address leading-trailing hemisphere asymmetries that might be seen if Titan''s rotation rate were strictly synchronous over astronomical timescales: if that is the case, the ratio of crater production on the leading hemisphere to that on the trailing hemisphere is . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Lunar craters
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Venus (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Craters
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Titan
KW  - Venus
N1  - Accession Number: 17790416; Korycansky, D.G. 1; Email Address: kory@es.ucsc.edu; Zahnle, K.J. 2; Affiliations: 1: CODEP/IGPP, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 2: 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jun2005, Vol. 53 Issue 7, p695; Subject Term: Lunar craters; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Monte Carlo method; Subject Term: Venus (Planet) -- Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2005.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sotin, C.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Brown, R. H.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Soderblom, L. A.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D. P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D. L.
AU  - McCord, T. B.
AU  - Nelson, R. M.
T1  - Release of volatiles from a possible cryovolcano from near-infrared imaging of Titan.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/06/09/
VL  - 435
IS  - 7043
M3  - Article
SP  - 786
EP  - 789
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Titan is the only satellite in our Solar System with a dense atmosphere. The surface pressure is 1.5 bar (ref. 1) and, similar to the Earth, N2 is the main component of the atmosphere. Methane is the second most important component, but it is photodissociated on a timescale of 107 years (ref. 3). This short timescale has led to the suggestion that Titan may possess a surface or subsurface reservoir of hydrocarbons to replenish the atmosphere. Here we report near-infrared images of Titan obtained on 26 October 2004 by the Cassini spacecraft. The images show that a widespread methane ocean does not exist; subtle albedo variations instead suggest topographical variations, as would be expected for a more solid (perhaps icy) surface. We also find a circular structure∼30 km in diameter that does not resemble any features seen on other icy satellites. We propose that the structure is a dome formed by upwelling icy plumes that release methane into Titan's atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Volcanoes
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 17265706; Sotin, C. 1; Email Address: Christophe.Sotin@univ-nantes.fr; Jaumann, R. 2; Buratti, B. J. 3; Brown, R. H. 4; Clark, R. N. 5; Soderblom, L. A. 6; Baines, K. H. 3; Bellucci, G. 7; Bibring, J.-P. 8; Capaccioni, F. 9; Cerroni, P. 9; Combes, M. 10; Coradini, A. 7; Cruikshank, D. P. 11; Drossart, P. 10; Formisano, V. 7; Langevin, Y. 8; Matson, D. L. 3; McCord, T. B. 12; Nelson, R. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR CNRS 6112, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44100, France.; 2: Institute of Planetary Exploration, DLR, Berlin, 12489, Germany.; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA.; 4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Stewart Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0092, USA.; 5: US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA.; 6: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA.; 7: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Rome, 00133, Italy.; 8: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France.; 9: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, CNR, Rome, 00133, Italy.; 10: Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, 92195, France.; 11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA.; 12: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA.; Issue Info: 6/9/2005, Vol. 435 Issue 7043, p786; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Thesaurus Term: Volcanoes; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03596
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Takmeng Wong
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Reply.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/06/15/
VL  - 18
IS  - 12
M3  - Letter
SP  - 2128
EP  - 2131
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor in response to Chou and Lindzen's claim that the long-term Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) nonscanner measurements reflect a negative feedback between top of the atmosphere radiation and surface temperature.
KW  - Terrestrial radiation
KW  - Letters to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 17534801; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov; Takmeng Wong 1; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Yongxiang Hu 1; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jun2005, Vol. 18 Issue 12, p2128; Thesaurus Term: Terrestrial radiation; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - The Three Rocketeers.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 93
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 361
EP  - 363
PB  - Sigma XI Science Research Society
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews two science books.  "Strange Angle: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons," by George Pendle; "Astro Turf: Private Life of Rocket Science," by M. G. Lord.
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Strange Angle: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons (Book)
KW  - Astro Turf: The Private Life of Rocket Science (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 17312804; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Research scientist, Photovoltaics and Space Environment Branch of NASA John Glenn Research Center; 2: Member, Mars Pathfinder and Mars Exploration Rover Science teams; Issue Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 93 Issue 4, p361; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Strange Angle: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons (Book); Reviews & Products: Astro Turf: The Private Life of Rocket Science (Book); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Book Review
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brinksma, E. J.
AU  - Bracher, A.
AU  - Lolkema, D. E.
AU  - Segers, A. J.
AU  - Boyd, I. S.
AU  - Bramstedt, K.
AU  - Claude, H.
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, S.
AU  - Hansen, G.
AU  - Kopp, G.
AU  - Leblanc, T.
AU  - McDermid, I. S.
AU  - Meijer, Y. J.
AU  - Nakane, H.
AU  - Parrish, A.
AU  - Von Savigny, C.
AU  - Stebel, K.
AU  - Swart, D. P. J.
AU  - Taha, G.
AU  - Piters, A. J. M.
T1  - Geophysical validation of SCIAMACHY Limb Ozone Profiles.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4893
EP  - 4928
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We discuss the quality of the two available SCIAMACHY limb ozone profile products. They were retrieved with the University of Bremen IFE's algorithm version 1.61 (hereafter IFE), and the official ESA offline algorithm (hereafter OL) versions 2.4 and 2.5. The ozone profiles were compared to a suite of correlative measurements from ground-based lidar and microwave, sondes, SAGE II and SAGE III (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment). To correct for the expected Envisat pointing errors, which have not been corrected implicitly in either of the algorithms, we applied a constant altitude shift of -1.5 km to the SCIAMACHY ozone profiles. The IFE ozone profile data between 16 and 40 km are biased low by 3-6%. The average difference profiles show a characteristic zigzag shape with a wavelength of approximately 8 km. The standard deviation of the differences is typically 10% between 20 and 35 km. We show that more than 20% of the SCIAMACHY official ESA offline (OL) ozone profiles version 2.4 and 2.5 have unrealistic ozone values, most of these are north of 15° S. The remaining OL profiles compare well to correlative instruments above 24 km. Between 20 and 24 km, they underestimate ozone by 15±5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Distribution (Probability theory)
N1  - Accession Number: 18890394; Brinksma, E. J. 1; Bracher, A. 2; Lolkema, D. E. 1,3; Segers, A. J. 1; Boyd, I. S. 4; Bramstedt, K. 2; Claude, H. 5; Godin-Beekmann, S. 6; Hansen, G. 7; Kopp, G. 8; Leblanc, T. 9; McDermid, I. S. 9; Meijer, Y. J. 3; Nakane, H. 10; Parrish, A. 11; Von Savigny, C. 2; Stebel, K. 7; Swart, D. P. J. 3; Taha, G. 12,13; Piters, A. J. M. 1; Email Address: piters@knmi.nl; Affiliations: 1: KNMI, Postbus 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands; 2: Institute of Environmental Physics (IFE), University of Bremen, PO Box 330440, D-28334 Bremen, Germany; 3: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; 4: NIWA, Environmental Research Institute, Ann-Arbor, MI 48108, USA; 5: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorologisches Observatorium, Albin SchwaigerWeg 10, 82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany; 6: Service d'Aéronomie -- CNRS, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; 7: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Polar Environmental Centre, Tromsoe, Norway; 8: IMK, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and Universität Karlsruhe, Germany; 9: NASA-JPL, Wrightwood (CA), USA; 10: Atmospheric Environment Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2, Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; 11: University of Massachusetts, USA; 12: Science and Application International Corporation, Hampton (VA), USA; 13: NASA-Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton (VA), 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p4893; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Distribution (Probability theory); Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Considine, D. B.
AU  - Bergmann, D. J.
AU  - Liu, H.
T1  - Sensitivity of Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model simulations of radon-222 and lead-210 to input meteorological data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 5325
EP  - 5372
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We have used the Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model to simulate the radionuclides radon-222 and lead-210 using three different sets of input meteorological information: 1. Output from the Goddard Space Flight Center Global Modeling and Assimilation Office GEOS-STRAT assimilation; 2. Output from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies GISS II0 general circulation model; and 3. Output from the National Center for Atmospheric Research MACCM3 general circulation model. We intercompare these simulations with observations to determine the variability resulting from the different meteorological data used to drive the model, and to assess the agreement of the simulations with observations at the surface and in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region. The observational datasets we use are primarily climatologies developed from multiple years of observations. In the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region, climatological distributions of lead-210 were constructed from ∼25 years of aircraft and balloon observations compiled into the US Environmental Measurements Laboratory RANDAB database. Taken as a whole, no simulation stands out as superior to the others. However, the simulation driven by the NCAR MACCM3 meteorological data compares better with lead-210 observations in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere region. Comparisons of simulations made with and without convection show that the role played by convective transport and scavenging in the three simulations differs substantially. These differences may have implications for evaluation of the importance of very short-lived halogen-containing species on stratospheric halogen budgets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Chemosphere
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Chemistry
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Astrodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 18890406; Considine, D. B. 1; Email Address: david.b.considine@nasa.gov; Bergmann, D. J. 2; Liu, H. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA; 3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p5325; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Chemosphere; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Astrodynamics; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Smith, Gavin J. D.
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
T1  - Community structure of free-floating filamentous cyanobacterial mats from the Wonder Lake geothermal springs in the Philippines.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
JF  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 583
EP  - 589
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084166
AB  - Cyanobacterial mats were characterized from pools of 45–60 °C in near-neutral pH, low-sulphide geothermal springs in the Philippines. Mat structure did not vary with temperature. All mats possessed highly ordered layers of airspaces at both the macroscopic and microscopic level, and these appear to be an adaptation to a free-floating growth habit. Upper mat layers supported biomass with elevated carotenoid:chlorophyll a ratios and an as yet uncharacterized waxy layer on the dorsal surface. Microscopic examination revealed mats comprised a single Fischerella morphotype, with abundant heterocysts throughout mats at all temperatures. Molecular analysis of mat community structure only partly matched morphological identification. All samples supported greater 16S rDNA-defined diversity than morphology suggested, with a progressive loss in the number of genotypes with increasing temperature. Fischerella-like sequences were recovered from mats occurring at all temperatures, but some mats also yielded Oscillatoria-like sequences, although corresponding phenotypes were not observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Fischerella-like sequences were most closely affiliated with Fischerella major and the Oscillatoria-like sequences with Oscillatoria amphigranulata. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Nous avons caractérisé des tapis des cyanobactéries provenant de mares de sources géothermiques des Philippines à 45–60 °C, d'un pH quasi-neutre et faibles en sulfures. La structure des tapis n'a pas varié avec la température. Tous les tapis renfermaient des couches hautement structurées d'espaces aériens tant au niveau macroscopique que microscopiques et celles-ci semblaient être une adaptation à la croissance par flottaison. Les couches supérieures des tapis contenaient une biomasse comportant un rapport caroténoïde:chlorophylle a élevé et une couche cireuse encore non caractérisée sur la surface dorsale. Un examen microscopique a révélé que les tapis renfermaient un seul morphotype de Fischerella avec de nombreux hétérokystes au travers des tapis à toutes les températures. L'analyse moléculaire de la structure de la communauté des tapis n'a que partiellement concordé avec l'identification morphologique. Tous les échantillons renfermaient une diversité définie par l'ADNr 16S supérieure à ce que la morphologie suggérait, avec une perte progressive du nombre de génotypes à mesure que la température augmentait. Des séquences semblables à Fischerella ont été prélevées des tapis ayant évolué à toutes les températures mais certains tapis ont également généré des séquences semblables à Oscillatoria bien qu'aucun phénotype correspondant ne fut observé. L'analyse phylogénétique a révélé que les séquences semblables à Fischerella se rapprochaient davantage de Fischerella major et que les séquences semblables à Oscillatoria s'apparentaient à Oscillatoria amphigranulata.[Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Microbiology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Hot springs
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Microbial aggregation
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Philippines
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - Fischerella
KW  - Fisherella
KW  - geothermal springs
KW  - microbial mats
KW  - Oscillatoria
KW  - cyanobactéries
KW  - sources géothermiques
KW  - tapis microbiens
N1  - Accession Number: 18589735; Lacap, Donnabella C. 1; Smith, Gavin J. D. 1; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley 2; Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Email Address: pointing@hkucc.hku.hk; Affiliations: 1: Extremophilies Research Group, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p583; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Hot springs; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Microbial aggregation; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Subject: Philippines; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fischerella; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fisherella; Author-Supplied Keyword: geothermal springs; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial mats; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oscillatoria; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobactéries; Author-Supplied Keyword: sources géothermiques; Author-Supplied Keyword: tapis microbiens; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/W05-038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aalburg, C.
AU  - Diez, F.J.
AU  - Faeth, G.M.
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
AU  - Yuan, Z.-G.
T1  - Shapes of nonbuoyant round hydrocarbon-fueled laminar-jet diffusion flames in still air
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 142
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: The soot-luminosity boundaries (near the laminar smoke-point condition) of steady nonbuoyant round hydrocarbon/air laminar-jet diffusion flames at microgravity were found from color video images obtained on orbit during three flights of the Space Shuttle Columbia (flights STS-83, STS-94, and STS-107); these test conditions included ethylene- and propane-fueled flames burning in still air at an ambient temperature of 300 K, ambient pressures of 35–130 kPa, jet exit diameters of 0.40–2.70 mm, and jet exit Reynolds numbers of 46–1186 to yield steady round flames, with most of the flames near the laminar smoke-point condition (including flames both emitting and not emitting soot). These results were supplemented by observations of the flame-sheet locations (locations where the local mixture fraction is stoichiometric) of nonbuoyant round soot-free and soot-containing hydrocarbon/air laminar-jet diffusion flames at microgravity found from filtered color images (at the CH line or ) obtained using a 2.2-s free-fall facility; these test conditions included methane-, ethane-, and propane-fueled flames burning in still air at an ambient temperature of 300 K, ambient pressures of 25–98 kPa, jet exit diameters of 0.42–3.25 mm, and jet exit Reynolds numbers of 10–625. Simplified expressions to estimate soot-luminosity boundaries (near the laminar smoke-point condition) and flame-sheet locations were obtained using the classic analysis of D.B. Spalding (Combustion and Mass Transfer, Pergamon, New York, 1979, p. 185), extended empirically to account for the presence of soot luminosity for flames near the laminar smoke-point condition. The extended Spalding analysis provided good correlations of both soot-luminosity boundaries (near the laminar smoke-point condition) and flame-sheet locations for flames having short characteristic residence times where radiative heat losses from the flames were small. These results showed that soot-luminosity lengths near the laminar smoke-point condition were roughly twice as long as the flame-sheet location for both soot-free (blue) and soot-containing flames under comparable conditions due to the presence of luminous soot particles beyond the flame sheet within the fuel-lean portion of the flames. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Laminar flow
KW  - Propane flames
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Space shuttles
KW  - Flame shapes
KW  - Flame structure
KW  - Laminar diffusion flames
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Nonbuoyant flames
KW  - Soot-containing flames
N1  - Accession Number: 17953210; Aalburg, C. 1; Diez, F.J. 1; Faeth, G.M. 1; Sunderland, P.B. 2; Urban, D.L. 3; Email Address: david.urban@grc.nasa.gov; Yuan, Z.-G. 3; Affiliations: 1: The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; 2: The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 142 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: Laminar flow; Subject Term: Propane flames; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Space shuttles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame shapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonbuoyant flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot-containing flames; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.12.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gorman, Hugh
AU  - Conway, Erik
T1  - Monitoring the Environment: Taking a Historical Perspective.
JO  - Environmental Monitoring & Assessment
JF  - Environmental Monitoring & Assessment
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 106
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01676369
AB  - This paper introduces the five papers that follow, all of which were originally presented at a workshop titled “Monitoring the Environment: Scales, Methods, and Systems in Historical Perspective.” The workshop, sponsored by the Society for the History of Technology and the American Society for Environmental History, examined past efforts to develop tools, methods, and systems for measuring or monitoring some aspect of the physical environment. Four of the papers included here focus on various aspects of air quality monitoring; the fifth has to do with monitoring the earth from space. Despite differences in time period and approach, each article examines how specific tools and methods - and the motivations for developing those tools and methods - evolved. Among other things, these papers make clear that systems for monitoring various aspects of the physical environment are shaped by a variety of stakeholders and suggest that efforts to construct such systems should not be viewed as a purely technical task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Monitoring & Assessment is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Environmental engineering
KW  - Pollution monitoring
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Sustainable development
KW  - Environmental policy
KW  - Air pollution monitoring
KW  - air pollution monitoring
KW  - environmental history
KW  - environmental monitoring
KW  - history of technology
KW  - sustainability
N1  - Accession Number: 17032605; Gorman, Hugh 1; Email Address: hsgorman@mtu.edu; Conway, Erik 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Social Sciences, Michigan Technological University; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 106 Issue 1-3, p1; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Environmental engineering; Thesaurus Term: Pollution monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Sustainable development; Thesaurus Term: Environmental policy; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: air pollution monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental history; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: history of technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: sustainability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10661-005-0755-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kouchinsky, Artem
AU  - Bengtson, Stefan
AU  - Pavlov, Vladimir
AU  - Runnegar, Bruce
AU  - Val'Kov, Anatolij
AU  - Young, Edward
T1  - Pre-Tommotian age of the lower Pestrotsvet Formation in the Selinde section on the Siberian platform: carbon isotopic evidence.
JO  - Geological Magazine
JF  - Geological Magazine
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 142
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 319
EP  - 325
SN  - 00167568
AB  - Carbon isotopic data from the Selinde section in the southeastern part of the Siberian platform area are correlated with the reference isotopic profile from the Lower Cambrian stratotype sections of the Lena-Aldan region, but also show additional δ13C excursions unrecognized there. The chemostratigraphic correlation suggests that the geological and fossil record of the lower Pestrotsvet Formation in the Selinde section has a deeper history than the stratotype region. This conclusion is important for both constraining the age of the earliest Cambrian marine transgression on the Siberian platform and providing a clearer understanding of the pace and order of early Cambrian geochemical and biological events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Magazine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Fossils
KW  - Stratigraphic geology -- Cambrian
KW  - Stratigraphic correlation
KW  - Siberia (Russia)
KW  - Russia
KW  - Cambrian
KW  - carbon
KW  - isotope ratios
KW  - Precambrian
KW  - stratigraphy
N1  - Accession Number: 18764528; Kouchinsky, Artem 1,2; Email Address: akouchin@ucla.edu; Bengtson, Stefan 2; Pavlov, Vladimir 3; Runnegar, Bruce 4; Val'Kov, Anatolij 5; Young, Edward 6; Affiliations: 1: Center for Astrobiology, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA; 2: Department of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; 3: Institute of Physics of the Earth, Bol'shaya Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow 123995, Russia; 4: NASA Astrobiology Institute, MS 240-1, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 5: Institute of Geological Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch), Pr. Lenina 39, 677020 Yakutsk, Sakha, Russia; 6: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951567, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 142 Issue 4, p319; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Subject Term: Fossils; Subject Term: Stratigraphic geology -- Cambrian; Subject Term: Stratigraphic correlation; Subject: Siberia (Russia); Subject: Russia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cambrian; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: isotope ratios; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precambrian; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratigraphy; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0016756805000865
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Climate variability, vegetation productivity and people at risk
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 47
IS  - 2-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 231
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Abstract: Human domination of ecosystems has been pervasive over the last century, with nearly half of Earth''s surface transformed by human actions. It is widely accepted that humans appropriate up to 50% of global net primary production (NPP), the energy base of all the trophic levels on the land surface. Yet, despite the important role of vegetation productivity for defining Earth habitability, the covariation of NPP and human population distribution has not been analyzed in depth. We used recently available satellite-based NPP estimates, along with gridded population at 0.5° resolution, first, to identify the global distribution of human population with reference to average NPP and to the various climatic constraints (temperature, water and cloud cover) that limit NPP, second, to analyze recent trends in global NPP in relation to population trends, and third, to identify populations that are vulnerable to changes in NPP due to interannual variability in climate. Our results indicate that over half of the global human population is presently living in areas with above the average NPP of 490 g C m−2 year−1. By 1998, nearly 56% of global population lived in regions where water availability strongly influences NPP. Per capita NPP declined over much of Africa between 1982 and 1998, in spite of the estimated increases in NPP over the same period. On average, NPP over 40% of the total vegetated land surface has shown significant correlations with ENSO-induced climate variability affecting over 2.8 billion people. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Forest microclimatology
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Africa
KW  - ENSO
KW  - human population
KW  - productivity
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 18193991; Milesi, Cristina 1,2; Email Address: milesi@ntsg.umt.edu; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 3; Running, Steven W. 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Dept. of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113, Japan; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 47 Issue 2-4, p221; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Forest microclimatology; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Subject: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: ENSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: human population; Author-Supplied Keyword: productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.10.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kenny, Barbara H.
AU  - Kascak, Peter E.
AU  - Jansen, Ralph
AU  - Dever, Timothy
AU  - Santiago, Walter
T1  - Control of a High-Speed Flywheel System for Energy Storage in Space Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1029
EP  - 1038
SN  - 00939994
AB  - A novel control algorithm for the charge and discharge modes of operation of a flywheel energy storage system for space applications is presented. The motor control portion of the algorithm uses sensorless field oriented control with position and speed estimates determined from a signal injection technique at low speeds and a back electromotive force technique at higher speeds. The charge and discharge portion of the algorithm use command feedforward and disturbance decoupling, respectively, to achieve fast response with low gains. Simulation and experimental results are presented demonstrating the successful operation of the flywheel control up to the rated speed of 60 000 r/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - FLYWHEELS
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus
KW  - POWER (Mechanics)
KW  - Charge and discharge control
KW  - flywheel energy storage
KW  - high-speed permanent-magnet machine
KW  - space power
N1  - Accession Number: 17814128; Kenny, Barbara H. 1; Email Address: Barbara.Kenny@grc.nasa.gov; Kascak, Peter E. 1; Email Address: Peter.E.Kascak@grc.nasa.gov; Jansen, Ralph 1; Email Address: Ralph.H.Jansen@grc.nasa.gov; Dever, Timothy 1; Email Address: Timothy.P.Dever@grc.nasa.gov; Santiago, Walter 1; Email Address: walter.Santiago-1@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Issue Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p1029; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: FLYWHEELS; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus; Subject Term: POWER (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Charge and discharge control; Author-Supplied Keyword: flywheel energy storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-speed permanent-magnet machine; Author-Supplied Keyword: space power; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIA.2005.851021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sin-Chung Chang
AU  - Yuhui Wu
AU  - Vigor Yang
AU  - Xiao-Yen Wang
T1  - Local time-stepping procedures for the space-time conservation element and solution element method.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 380
SN  - 10618562
AB  - A local time-stepping procedure for the space-time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method has been developed. This new procedure allows for variation of time-step size in both space and time, and can also be extended to become multi-dimensional solvers with structured/unstructured spatial grids. Moreover, it differs substantially in concept and methodology from the existing approaches. By taking full advantage of key concepts of the CESE method, in a simple and efficient manner it can enforce flux conservation across an interface separating grid zones of different time-step sizes. In particular, no correction pass is needed. Numerical experiments show that, for a variety of flow problems involving moving shock and flame discontinuities, accurate and robust numerical simulations can be achieved even with a reduction in time-step size on the order of 10 or higher for grids across a single interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Space & time
KW  - Interface circuits
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Computational grids (Computer systems)
KW  - Euclidean algorithm
KW  - Boundary layer control
KW  - Flux conservation
KW  - Grid interface
KW  - Local time-stepping procedure
KW  - Space-time CESE method
N1  - Accession Number: 19328394; Sin-Chung Chang 1; Yuhui Wu 2; Vigor Yang 2; Email Address: vigor@psu.edu; Xiao-Yen Wang 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, USA.; 2: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p359; Subject Term: Space & time; Subject Term: Interface circuits; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject Term: Computational grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: Euclidean algorithm; Subject Term: Boundary layer control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flux conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grid interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Local time-stepping procedure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space-time CESE method; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560500092610
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arbocz, Johann
AU  - Starnes, James H.
T1  - Hierarchical High-Fidelity Analysis Methodology for Buckling Critical Structures.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2005/07//
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 168
EP  - 178
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A hierarchical high-fidelity analysis methodology for predicting the critical buckling load of compression-loaded thin-walled isotropic shells is described. This hierarchical procedure includes three levels of fidelity for the analysis. Level 1 assumes that the buckling load can be predicted by the classical shell solution with simply supported boundary condition, and with a linear membrane prebuckling solution. Level 2 includes the effects of a nonlinear prebuckling solution and the effects of traditional clamped or simply supported boundary conditions. Level 3 includes the nonlinear interaction between nearly simultaneous buckling modes and the effects of boundary imperfections and general boundary conditions. Various deterministic and probabilistic approaches are used to account for the degrading effects of unavoidable shell-wall geometric imperfections. The results from the three solution levels are compared with experimental results, and the effects of the assumptions and approximations used for the three solution levels are discussed. This hierarchical analysis approach can be used in the design process to converge rapidly to an accurate prediction of the expected buckling load of a thin-shell design problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - STRUCTURAL shells
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 17328536; Source Information: Jul2005, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p168; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL shells; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2005)18:3(168)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Levy, David W.
T1  - Transonic Drag Prediction Using an Unstructured Multigrid Solver.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 887
EP  - 893
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper summarizes the results obtained with the NSU3D unstructured multigrid solver for the First AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop held in Anaheim, California, in June 2001. The test case for the workshop consists of a wing-body configuration at transonic flow conditions. Flow analyses for a complete test matrix of lift coefficient values and Mach numbers at a constant Reynolds number are performed, thus producing a set of drag polars and drag rise curves, which are compared with experimental data. Results were obtained independently by both authors using an identical baseline grid and different refined grids. Most cases were run in parallel on commodity cluster-type machines, whereas the largest cases were run on an SGI Origin machine using 128 processors. The objective of this paper is to study the accuracy of the subject unstructured grid solver for predicting drag in the transonic cruise regime, to assess the efficiency of the method in terms of convergence, CPU time, and memory, and to determine the effects of grid resolution on this predictive ability and its computational efficiency. A good predictive ability is demonstrated over a wide range of conditions, although accuracy was found to degrade for cases at higher Mach numbers and lift values where increasing amounts of flow separation occur. The ability to rapidly compute large numbers of cases at varying flow conditions using an unstructured solver on inexpensive clusters of commodity computers is also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 19570885; Source Information: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p887; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 11 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Durston, Donald A.
AU  - Walker, Stephen M.
AU  - Driver, David M.
AU  - Smith, Stephen C.
AU  - Savaş, Ömer
T1  - Wake-Vortex Alleviation Flowfield Studies.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 894
EP  - 907
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Wake-vortex-alleviation research was conducted in the far-field vortex wake of a generic wing-tail aircraft model. The goals were to achieve accelerated vortex strength reduction and to map the conditions at which this reduction would occur. The wing-tail model was run in a water tow tank to generate a pair of unequal-strength counter-rotating vortices on each side of centerline. Dye flow visualization provided physical insight into the nature of the vortex interactions, and three-component particle image velocimetry allowed quantification of key characteristics of the flowfield, including circulation, vorticity, vortex trajectory, and induced rolling moments. Experiments were conducted for a variety of model angles of attack, tail incidence angles, and tail spans. The results showed that with high tail/wing circulation ratios (high tail downloads) the tail and wing vortices interacted strongly, leaving substantially weakened vortices after a distance of about 60 to 70 spans downstream of the model. A longitudinal static stability analysis identified the moderate-to-high static margins required to achieve such circulation ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Trajectories
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 19570886; Source Information: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p894; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Trajectories; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcia, Joseph A.
T1  - Numerical Investigation of Nonlinear Aeroelastic Effects on Flexible High-Aspect-Ratio Wings.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1036
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A nonlinear aeroelastic analysis is developed to analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of flexible high-aspect-ratio wings at transonic speeds. This is achieved by directly coupling a three-dimensional geometric nonlinear methodology, based on a 12 degree-of-freedom beam finite element, with an Euler/Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics analysis. Static aeroelastic results are presented for an unswept and swept high-aspect-ratio wing. Unswept wing results show a reversal in twist due to the nonlinear torsion-bending coupling effects. Specifically, the torsional moments due to drag become large enough to cause the wing twist rotations to washin the wing tips, whereas the linear results show a washout twist rotation. The nonlinear twist results are attributed to the large bending displacements coupled with the large drag experienced by this flexible high-aspect-ratio wing at the transonic flow conditions. Swept wing results show that nonlinear torsion-bending effects tend to reduce the amount of washout as compared to a linear structural aeroelastic analysis, making the wing more prone to tip stall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - EULER characteristic
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 19570900; Source Information: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1025; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 20 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
AU  - Rouse, Marshall
T1  - Design and Evaluation of Composite Fuselage Panels Subjected to Combined Loading Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1037
EP  - 1045
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Several aspects of the design methodologies are based on assumptions from metallic fuselage technology, which requires that full-scale structures be tested with the actual loading conditions to validate the designs. Composite panels that represent crown and side regions of a fuselage structure are designed by the use of this approach and tested in biaxial tension. Descriptions of the state-of-the-art test facilities used for this structural evaluation are presented. These facilities include a pressure-box test machine and a D-box test fixture in a combined loads test machine, which are part of a combined loads test system. Nonlinear analysis results for a reference shell and a stiffened composite panel tested in the pressure-box test machine with and without damage are presented. The analytical and test results are compared to assess the ability of the pressure-box test machine to simulate a shell stress state with and without damage. A combined loads test machine for testing aircraft primary structures is described. This test machine includes a D-box test fixture to accommodate curved stiffened panels, and the design features of this test fixture are presented. Finite element analysis results for a curved panel to be tested in the D-box test fixture are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 19570901; Source Information: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1037; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 14 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, W.
AU  - Krist, S.
T1  - Spline-Based Airfoil Curvature Smoothing and Its Applications.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1065
EP  - 1074
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The performance of a transonic airfoil is directly related to the airfoil curvature profile and its smoothness. Whereas univariate data smoothing has been studied extensively, very little research has been conducted on curvature smoothing. Consequently, airfoil smoothing in design environments is largely based on heuristic methods, and there is an art to the generation of an unbiased smooth fit of the airfoil's curvature profile by the modification of its geometry. In this paper, the sum of squares of the third derivative jumps is used as a curvature smoothness measure for the development of a spline-based airfoil smoothing method, called constrained fitting for airfoil curvature smoothing (CFACS). CFACS can take out dramatic curvature oscillations with extremely small geometry changes and smooth an airfoil segment without creating curvature oscillations near the endpoints. Visually, CFACS generates an unbiased smooth fit of the curvature profile. Examples demonstrating the utility of CFACS show how the smoothing can be tailored to promote desirable characteristics in performance trade studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - CURVATURE
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - GEOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 19570904; Source Information: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1065; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: CURVATURE; Subject Term: HEURISTIC; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Windhorst, Robert
AU  - Ardema, Mark
T1  - Some Characteristics of Supersonic Transport Trajectories.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1079
EP  - 1081
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The article investigates the characteristics of supersonic transport trajectories. A comparison of trajectories cruising at the three locally optimum Mach numbers is presented. A description of mixed supersonic and subsonic cruise for the aircraft model is outlined. Illustration and interpretation of the payload-range curve in terms of number of passengers are presented.
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Trajectories
KW  - MODEL airplanes
KW  - MACH number
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 19570906; Source Information: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1079; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Trajectories; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernstein, Ben C.
AU  - McDonough, Frank
AU  - Politovich, Marcia K.
AU  - Brown, Barbara G.
AU  - Ratvasky, Thomas P.
AU  - Miller, Dean R.
AU  - Wolff, Cory A.
AU  - Cunning, Gary
T1  - Current Icing Potential: Algorithm Description and Comparison with Aircraft Observations.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 969
EP  - 986
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - The “current icing potential” (CIP) algorithm combines satellite, radar, surface, lightning, and pilot-report observations with model output to create a detailed three-dimensional hourly diagnosis of the potential for the existence of icing and supercooled large droplets. It uses a physically based situational approach that is derived from basic and applied cloud physics, combined with forecaster and onboard flight experience from field programs. Both fuzzy logic and decision-tree logic are applied in this context. CIP determines the locations of clouds and precipitation and then estimates the potential for the presence of supercooled liquid water and supercooled large droplets within a given airspace. First developed in the winter of 1997/98, CIP became an operational National Weather Service and Federal Aviation Administration product in 2002, providing real-time diagnoses that allow users to make route-specific decisions to avoid potentially hazardous icing. The CIP algorithm, its individual components, and the logic behind them are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Icing (Meteorology)
KW  - Freezing precipitation
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Supercooled liquids
KW  - Supercooling
N1  - Accession Number: 17879956; Bernstein, Ben C. 1; Email Address: bernstei@rap.ucar.edu; McDonough, Frank 1; Politovich, Marcia K. 1; Brown, Barbara G. 1; Ratvasky, Thomas P. 2; Miller, Dean R. 2; Wolff, Cory A. 1; Cunning, Gary 1; Affiliations: 1: Research Applications Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p969; Thesaurus Term: Icing (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Freezing precipitation; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Supercooled liquids; Subject Term: Supercooling; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Intensive exercise training suppresses testosterone during bed rest.
AU  - Wade, C. E.
AU  - Stanford, K. I.
AU  - Stein, T. P.
AU  - Greenleaf, J. E.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 99
IS  - 1
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 17607970; Author: Wade, C. E.: 1,2 email: charles.wade@amedd.army.mil. Author: Stanford, K. I.: 1 Author: Stein, T. P.: 3 Author: Greenleaf, J. E.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Life Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California: 2 United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas: 3 School of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Stratford, New Jersey; No. of Pages: 5; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20050715
N2  - Spaceflight and prolonged bed rest (BR) alter plasma hormone levels inconsistently. This may be due, in part, to prescription of heavy exercise as a countermeasure for ameliorating the adverse effects of disuse. The initial project was to assess exercise programs to maintain aerobic performance and leg strength during BR. The present study evaluates the effect of BR and the performance of the prescribed exercise countermeasures on plasma steroid levels. In a 30-day BR study of male subjects, the efficacy of isotonic (ITE, n = 7) or isokinetic exercise (IKE, n = 7) training was evaluated in contrast to no exercise (n = 5). These exercise countermeasures protected aerobic performance and leg strength successfully. BR alone (no-exercise group) did not change steroidogenesis, as assessed by the plasma concentrations of cortisol, progesterone, aldosterone, and free (FT) and total testosterone (TT). In the exercise groups, both FT and TT were decreased (P < 0.05): FT during IKE from 24 ± 1.7 to 18 ± 2.0 pg/ml and during ITE from 21 ± 1.5 to 18 ± 1 pg/ml, and TT during IKE from 748 ± 68 to 534 ± 46 ng/dl and during ITE from 565 ± 36 to 496 ± 38 ng/dl. The effect of intensive exercise countermeasures on plasma testosterone was not associated with indexes of overtraining. The reduction in plasma testosterone associated with both the IKE and ITE countermeasures during BR supports our hypothesis that intensive exercise countermeasures may, in part, contribute to changes in plasma steroid concentrations during spaceflight. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *EXERCISE
KW  - *PHYSICAL education
KW  - *TESTOSTERONE
KW  - *ANDROGENS
KW  - *HYDROCORTISONE
KW  - *PROGESTERONE
KW  - *CATECHOLAMINES
KW  - BED rest
KW  - catecholamines
KW  - cortisol
KW  - countermeasures
KW  - progesterone
KW  - steroidogenesis
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Amino acid supplementation alters bone metabolism during simulated weightlessness.
AU  - Zwart, S. R.
AU  - Davis-Street, J. E.
AU  - Paddon-Jones, D.
AU  - Ferrando, A. A.
AU  - Wolfe, R. R.
AU  - Smith, S. M.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 99
IS  - 1
SP  - 134
EP  - 140
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 17607981; Author: Zwart, S. R.: 1 Author: Davis-Street, J. E.: 2 Author: Paddon-Jones, D.: 3 Author: Ferrando, A. A.: 3 Author: Wolfe, R. R.: 3 Author: Smith, S. M.: 1 email: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Human Adaptation and countermeasures Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center: 2 Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc., Houston, Texas: 3 Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20050715
N2  - High-protein and acidogenic diets induce hypercalciuria. Foods or supplements with excess sulfur-containing amino acids increase endogenous sulfuric acid production and therefore have the potential to increase calcium excretion and alter bone metabolism. In this study, effects of an amino acid/ carbohydrate supplement on bone resorption were examined during bed rest. Thirteen subjects were divided at random into two groups: a control group (Con, n = 6) and an amino acid-supplemented group (AA, n = 7) who consumed an extra 49.5 g essential amino acids and 90 g carbohydrate per day for 28 days. Urine was collected for n-telopeptide (NTX), deoxypyridinoline (DPD), calcium, and pH determinations. Bone mineral content was determined and potential renal acid load was calculated. Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was measured in serum samples collected on day 1 (immediately before bed rest) and on day 28. Potential renal acid load was higher in the AA group than in the Con group during bed rest (P < 0.05). For all subjects, during bed rest urinary NTX and DPD concentrations were greater than pre-bed rest levels (P < 0.05). Urinary NTX and DPD tended to be higher in the AA group (P = 0.073 and P = 0.056, respectively). During bed rest, urinary calcium was greater than baseline levels (P < 0.05) in the AA group but not the Con group. Total bone mineral content was lower after bed rest than before bed rest in the AA group but not the Con group (P < 0.05). During bed rest, urinary pH decreased (P < 0.05), and it was lower in the AA group than the Con group. These data suggest that bone resorption increased, without changes in bone formation, in the AA group. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *BONE resorption
KW  - *BONE
KW  - *PEPTIDES
KW  - *ACIDOSIS
KW  - *WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - METHIONINE
KW  - ACID-base imbalances
KW  - BED rest
KW  - acidosis
KW  - bed rest
KW  - bone resorption
KW  - methionine
KW  - n-telopeptide
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Takmeng Wong
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Parker, Lindsay
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part I: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the 1998 El Niño/2000 La Niña.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 18
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2497
EP  - 2514
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study presents an objective classification methodology that uses Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite data to classify distinct “cloud objects” defined by cloud-system types, sizes, geographic locations, and matched large-scale environments. This analysis method identifies a cloud object as a contiguous region of the earth with a single dominant cloud-system type. It determines the shape and size of the cloud object from the satellite data and the cloud-system selection criteria. The statistical properties of the identified cloud objects are analyzed in terms of probability density functions (PDFs) based upon the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Satellite Footprint (SSF) data. Four distinct types of oceanic cloud objects—tropical deep convection, boundary layer cumulus, transition stratocumulus, and solid stratus—are initially identified from the CERES data collected from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite for this study. Preliminary results are presented from the analysis of the grand-mean PDFs of these four distinct types of cloud objects associated with the strong 1997/98 El Niño in March 1998 and the very weak 2000 La Niña in March 2000. A majority of the CERES footprint statistical characteristics of observed tropical deep convection are similar between the two periods in spite of the climatological contrast. There are, however, statistically significant differences in some cloud macrophysical properties such as the cloud-top height and cloud-top pressure and moderately significant differences in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), cloud-top temperature, and ice diameter. The footprint statistical characteristics of the three observed boundary layer cloud-system types are distinctly different from one another in all cloud microphysical, macrophysical, optical properties, and radiative fluxes. The differences between the two periods are not significant for most cloud microphysical and optical properties and the top-of-the-atmosphere albedo, but are statistically significant for some cloud macrophysical properties and OLR. These characteristics of the grand-mean PDFs of cloud microphysical, macrophysical, and optical properties and radiative fluxes can be usefully compared with cloud model simulations. Furthermore, the proportion of different boundary layer cloud types is changed between the two periods in spite of small differences in their grand-mean statistical properties. An increase of the stratus population and a decrease of the cumulus population are evident in the El Niño period compared to the very weak La Niña period. The number of the largest tropical convective cloud objects is larger during the El Niño period, but the total number of tropical convective cloud objects is approximately the same in the two periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Quantitative research
N1  - Accession Number: 17784411; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov; Takmeng Wong 1; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Parker, Lindsay 2; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1,3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 18 Issue 13, p2497; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Quantitative research; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinkelman, Laura M.
AU  - Stevens, Bjorn
AU  - Evans, K. Franklin
T1  - A Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Anisotropy in Fair-Weather Cumulus Cloud Fields.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/07//7/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2155
EP  - 2171
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Causes of anisotropy in fair-weather cumulus cloud fields were investigated using quantitative measures of anisotropy and a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Case six of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Cloud System Study Working Group 1 was used as the standard model scenario. This case represents radiatively forced development of cumulus clouds over the southern Great Plains. Cloud formation under a variety of environmental conditions was simulated and the degree of anisotropy in the output fields was calculated as a function of spatial scale. Wind shear was found to be the single greatest factor in the development of both vertically tilted and horizontally stretched cloud structures. Other factors included mean wind speed, initial water vapor mixing ratio, and the magnitude of the surface forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Weather
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Eddies
KW  - Great Plains
N1  - Accession Number: 17880018; Hinkelman, Laura M. 1,2,3; Email Address: l.m.hinkelman@larc.nasa.gov; Stevens, Bjorn 4; Evans, K. Franklin 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199; 4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 5: Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Issue Info: 7/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 7, p2155; Thesaurus Term: Anisotropy; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Eddies; Subject Term: Great Plains; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garrett, T. J.
AU  - Navarro, B. C.
AU  - Twohy, C. H.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Baumgardner, D. G.
AU  - Bui, P. T.
AU  - Gerber, H.
AU  - Herman, R. L.
AU  - Heymsfield, A. J.
AU  - Lawson, P.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Nguyen, L.
AU  - Poellot, M.
AU  - Pope, S. K.
AU  - Valero, F. P. J.
AU  - Weinstock, E. M.
T1  - Evolution of a Florida Cirrus Anvil.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/07//7/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2352
EP  - 2372
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This paper presents a detailed study of a single thunderstorm anvil cirrus cloud measured on 21 July 2002 near southern Florida during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE). NASA WB-57F and University of North Dakota Citation aircraft tracked the microphysical and radiative development of the anvil for 3 h. Measurements showed that the cloud mass that was advected downwind from the thunderstorm was separated vertically into two layers: a cirrus anvil with cloud-top temperatures of -45°C lay below a second, thin tropopause cirrus (TTC) layer with the same horizontal dimensions as the anvil and temperatures near -70°C. In both cloud layers, ice crystals smaller than 50 μm across dominated the size distributions and cloud radiative properties. In the anvil, ice crystals larger than 50 μm aggregated and precipitated while small ice crystals increasingly dominated the size distributions; as a consequence, measured ice water contents and ice crystal effective radii decreased with time. Meanwhile, the anvil thinned vertically and maintained a stratification similar to its environment. Because effective radii were small, radiative heating and cooling were concentrated in layers approximately 100 m thick at the anvil top and base. A simple analysis suggests that the anvil cirrus spread laterally because mixing in these radiatively driven layers created horizontal pressure gradients between the cloud and its stratified environment. The TTC layer also spread but, unlike the anvil, did not dissipate—perhaps because the anvil shielded the TTC from terrestrial infrared heating. Calculations of top-of-troposphere radiative forcing above the anvil and TTC showed strong cooling that tapered as the anvil evolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Thunderstorms
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Florida
N1  - Accession Number: 17880003; Garrett, T. J. 1; Email Address: tgarrett@met.utah.edu; Navarro, B. C. 1; Twohy, C. H. 2; Jensen, E. J. 3; Baumgardner, D. G. 4; Bui, P. T. 3; Gerber, H. 5; Herman, R. L. 6; Heymsfield, A. J. 7; Lawson, P. 8; Minnis, P. 9; Nguyen, L. 9; Poellot, M. 10; Pope, S. K. 11; Valero, F. P. J. 11; Weinstock, E. M. 12; Affiliations: 1: Meteorology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 4: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; 5: Gerber Scientific, Inc., Reston, Virginia; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 8: SPEC, Inc., Boulder, Colorado; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia; 10: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; 11: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California; 12: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Issue Info: 7/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 7, p2352; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Thunderstorms; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject: Florida; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joslin, Ronald D.
AU  - Thomas, Russell H.
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan M.
T1  - Synergism of flow and noise control technologies
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2005/07//
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
EP  - 417
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: This paper will discuss the synergism of flow and noise control technologies relevant to both air and undersea vehicles. Because many review publications specifically focus on either flow control or noise control, this presentation will not provide an exhaustive literature survey. Sufficient citations will highlight the effectiveness of the technologies; however, the primary goal of this paper is to outline direct and indirect linkages, counterproductive linkages, and examples with no linkages between noise and flow control technologies. Hence, woven through out the individual sections is a focus on the various forms of linkage between flow and noise control applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - NOISE control
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 18342529; Source Information: Jul2005, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p363; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: NOISE control; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 55p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.07.002
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DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yen, Albert S.
AU  - Gellert, Ralf
AU  - Schröder, Christian
AU  - Morris, Richard V.
AU  - Bell III, James F.
AU  - Knudson, Amy T.
AU  - Clark, Benton C.
AU  - Ming, Douglas W.
AU  - Crisp, Joy A.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Blaney, Diana
AU  - Brückner, Johannes
AU  - Christensen, Philip R.
AU  - DesMarais, David J.
AU  - de Souza Jr., Paulo A.
AU  - Economou, Thanasis E.
AU  - Ghosh, Amitabha
AU  - Hahn, Brian C.
AU  - Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.
AU  - Haskin, Larry A.
T1  - An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/07/07/
VL  - 436
IS  - 7047
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 54
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The mineralogical and elemental compositions of the martian soil are indicators of chemical and physical weathering processes. Using data from the Mars Exploration Rovers, we show that bright dust deposits on opposite sides of the planet are part of a global unit and not dominated by the composition of local rocks. Dark soil deposits at both sites have similar basaltic mineralogies, and could reflect either a global component or the general similarity in the compositions of the rocks from which they were derived. Increased levels of bromine are consistent with mobilization of soluble salts by thin films of liquid water, but the presence of olivine in analysed soil samples indicates that the extent of aqueous alteration of soils has been limited. Nickel abundances are enhanced at the immediate surface and indicate that the upper few millimetres of soil could contain up to one per cent meteoritic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soils
KW  - Chemistry
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Physical geology
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Planets
N1  - Accession Number: 17550568; Yen, Albert S. 1; Gellert, Ralf 2; Schröder, Christian 3; Morris, Richard V. 4; Bell III, James F. 5; Knudson, Amy T. 6; Clark, Benton C. 7; Ming, Douglas W. 4; Crisp, Joy A. 1; Arvidson, Raymond E. 8; Blaney, Diana 1; Brückner, Johannes 2; Christensen, Philip R. 6; DesMarais, David J. 9; de Souza Jr., Paulo A. 10; Economou, Thanasis E. 11; Ghosh, Amitabha 12; Hahn, Brian C. 13; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 14; Haskin, Larry A. 8; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 2: Max Planck Institut für Chemie, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; 3: Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; 4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA; 5: Cornell University, Department of Astronomy, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; 6: Arizona State University, Department of Geological Sciences, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA; 7: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, Colorado 80127, USA; 8: Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; 9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 10: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, 29030-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 11: Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; 12: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; 13: State University of New York, Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA; 14: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; Issue Info: 7/7/2005, Vol. 436 Issue 7047, p49; Thesaurus Term: Soils; Thesaurus Term: Chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Mineralogy; Thesaurus Term: Physical geology; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Planets; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03637
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haskin, Larry A.
AU  - Wang, Alian
AU  - Jolliff, Bradley L.
AU  - McSween, Harry Y.
AU  - Clark, Benton C.
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - McLennan, Scott M.
AU  - Tosca, Nicholas J.
AU  - Hurowitz, Joel A.
AU  - Farmer, Jack D.
AU  - Yen, Albert
AU  - Squyres, Steve W.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Klingelhöfer, Göstar
AU  - Schröder, Christian
AU  - de Souza Jr., Paulo A.
AU  - Ming, Douglas W.
AU  - Gellert, Ralf
AU  - Zipfel, Jutta
AU  - Brückner, Johannes
T1  - Water alteration of rocks and soils on Mars at the Spirit rover site in Gusev crater.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/07/07/
VL  - 436
IS  - 7047
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 69
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Gusev crater was selected as the landing site for the Spirit rover because of the possibility that it once held a lake. Thus one of the rover's tasks was to search for evidence of lake sediments. However, the plains at the landing site were found to be covered by a regolith composed of olivine-rich basaltic rock and windblown ‘global’ dust. The analyses of three rock interiors exposed by the rock abrasion tool showed that they are similar to one another, consistent with having originated from a common lava flow. Here we report the investigation of soils, rock coatings and rock interiors by the Spirit rover from sol (martian day) 1 to sol 156, from its landing site to the base of the Columbia hills. The physical and chemical characteristics of the materials analysed provide evidence for limited but unequivocal interaction between water and the volcanic rocks of the Gusev plains. This evidence includes the softness of rock interiors that contain anomalously high concentrations of sulphur, chlorine and bromine relative to terrestrial basalts and martian meteorites; sulphur, chlorine and ferric iron enrichments in multilayer coatings on the light-toned rock Mazatzal; high bromine concentration in filled vugs and veins within the plains basalts; positive correlations between magnesium, sulphur and other salt components in trench soils; and decoupling of sulphur, chlorine and bromine concentrations in trench soils compared to Gusev surface soils, indicating chemical mobility and separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soils
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Minerals
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Inner planets
KW  - Planets
N1  - Accession Number: 17550567; Haskin, Larry A. 1; Wang, Alian 1; Jolliff, Bradley L. 1; McSween, Harry Y. 2; Clark, Benton C. 3; Des Marais, David J. 4; McLennan, Scott M. 5; Tosca, Nicholas J. 5; Hurowitz, Joel A. 5; Farmer, Jack D. 6; Yen, Albert 7; Squyres, Steve W. 8; Arvidson, Raymond E. 1; Klingelhöfer, Göstar 9; Schröder, Christian 9; de Souza Jr., Paulo A. 10; Ming, Douglas W. 11; Gellert, Ralf 12; Zipfel, Jutta 12; Brückner, Johannes 12; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; 2: Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; 3: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Littleton, Colorado 80125, USA; 4: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 5: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2100, USA; 6: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Box 876305, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA; 7: JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 8: Cornell University, 428 Space Science Buildings, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; 9: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; 10: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, 20030-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; 11: NASA JSC, MC KR, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Texas 77058, USA; 12: Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, Mainz, Germany; Issue Info: 7/7/2005, Vol. 436 Issue 7047, p66; Thesaurus Term: Soils; Subject Term: Rocks; Subject Term: Minerals; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Inner planets; Subject Term: Planets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03640
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - Reply.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 18
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2783
EP  - 2784
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This article focuses on temperature trend results, referred to as MAPP, that are said to be overestimated by an order of magnitude since MAPP implicitly assumed that the average Northern Hemisphere temperature response to a change in cirrus cloud cover applies at the regional level. The basis for this argument is on an indication that the net equilibrium increase in temperature due to increased cirrus clouds is diffused over a wide area and shows only a minimal geographical relationship to the original forcing.
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Thermal properties
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Northern Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 17884277; Minnis, Patrick 1; Email Address: p.minis@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 18 Issue 14, p2783; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Thermal properties; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Subject: Northern Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenberg, Jonathan Asher
AU  - Dobrowski, Solomon Z.
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
T1  - Shadow allometry: Estimating tree structural parameters using hyperspatial image analysis
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 97
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 25
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: We present a novel approach to generating regional scale aboveground biomass estimates for tree species of the Lake Tahoe Basin using hyperspatial (&#60;1 m2 ground resolution) remote sensing imagery. Tree crown shadows were identified and delineated as individual polygons. The area of shadowed vegetation for each tree was related to two tree structural parameters, diameter-at-breast height (DBH) and crown area. We found we could detect DBH and crown area with reasonable accuracy (field measured to image derived cross correlation results were 0.67 and 0.77 for DBH and crown area, respectively). Furthermore, the counts of the delineated polygons in a region generated overstory stem densities validated to manually photointerpreted stem densities (photointerpreted vs. image-derived stem densities correlation was 0.87). We demonstrate with accurate classification maps and allometric equations relating DBH or crown area to biomass, that these crown-level parameters can be used to generate regional scale biomass estimates without the signal saturation common to coarse-scale optical and RADAR sensors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Tree growth
KW  - Allometry
KW  - Aerial photogrammetry
KW  - Crown area
KW  - DBH
KW  - Forestry
KW  - Hyperspatial imagery
KW  - IKONOS
KW  - Lake Tahoe Basin
KW  - Shadow
KW  - Stem density
KW  - Trees
KW  - Vectorization
N1  - Accession Number: 18179818; Greenberg, Jonathan Asher 1; Email Address: jgreenberg@arc.nasa.gov; Dobrowski, Solomon Z. 2; Ustin, Susan L. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; 2: Calspace, University of California, Davis, United States; Issue Info: Jul2005, Vol. 97 Issue 1, p15; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Tree growth; Subject Term: Allometry; Subject Term: Aerial photogrammetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crown area; Author-Supplied Keyword: DBH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forestry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspatial imagery; Author-Supplied Keyword: IKONOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Tahoe Basin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shadow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stem density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trees; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vectorization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herndon, Scott C.
AU  - Onasch, Timothy B.
AU  - Frank, Brian P.
AU  - Marr, Linsey C.
AU  - Jayne, John T.
AU  - Canagaratna, Manjula R.
AU  - Grygas, Jillian
AU  - Lanni, Thomas
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Worsnop, Doug
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard C.
T1  - Particulate Emissions from in-use Commercial Aircraft.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 39
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 799
EP  - 809
SN  - 02786826
AB  - Particulate emission indices (per kg fuel) have been determined by sampling the advected plumes of in-use commercial aircraft at two different airports using a novel approach. Differences are observed in the number, magnitude, and composition of the particle emissions between idle and take-off. At the first airport, Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) data indicate that number based emission indices (EI n ) vary by an order of magnitude for take-off plumes from different aircraft. Additionally, EI n values for idle plumes are greater than take-off. At the second airport, EI n values derived from condensation particle counter (CPC) measurements span &nvsim; an order of magnitude (3–50 × 10 15 particles per kg fuel). The median values of the idle and take-off plumes were 1.8 × 10 16 and 7.6 × 10 15 particles per kg fuel, respectively. For take-off plumes, the magnitude of the particulate emission index is not correlated with NO x at either airport. The surface properties of the particulate emissions in take-off and idle plumes differ significantly as measured by diffusion charging (DC) and photoelectric aerosol sensor (PAS) instruments. Results indicate that take-off plumes are characterized by particles with photoelectric-active surfaces, presumably elemental carbon, whereas idle plumes are composed of non-photoelectric-active constituents and coated soot particles. Measurements of the particulate size distribution (ELPI) show evidence for two modes, one at &nvsim; 90 nm aerodynamic diameter and a second mode at or below the instrument cutoff ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Particles
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Commercial aeronautics
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 18021563; Herndon, Scott C. 1; Email Address: herndon@aerodyne.com; Onasch, Timothy B. 1; Frank, Brian P. 2; Marr, Linsey C. 3; Jayne, John T. 1; Canagaratna, Manjula R. 1; Grygas, Jillian 2; Lanni, Thomas 2; Anderson, Bruce E. 4; Worsnop, Doug 1; Miake-Lye, Richard C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; 2: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, USA; 3: Virginia Tech, 411 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA; 4: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: Aug2005, Vol. 39 Issue 8, p799; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Particles; Thesaurus Term: Condensation; Subject Term: Commercial aeronautics; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820500247363
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Stefan J.
AU  - Minz, Dror
T1  - Suicide Polymerase Endonuclease Restriction, a Novel Technique for Enhancing PCR Amplification of Minor DNA Templates.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 71
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 4721
EP  - 4727
SN  - 00992240
AB  - PCR-based molecular analyses can be hindered by the presence of unwanted or dominant DNA templates that reduce or eliminate detection of alternate templates. We describe here a reaction in which such templates can be exclusively digested by endonuclease restriction, leaving all other DNAs unmodified. After such a modification, the digested template is no longer available for PCR amplification, while nontarget DNAS remain intact and can be amplified. We demonstrate the application of this method and use denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to ascertain the removal of target DNA templates and the subsequent enhanced amplification of nondigested DNAs. Specifically, plastid 16S rRNA genes were exclusively digested from environmental DNA extracted from plant roots. In addition, pure culture and environmental DNA extracts were spiked with various amounts of genomic DNA extracted from Streptomyces spp., and selective restriction of the Streptomyces 16S rRNA genes via the suicide polymerase endonuclease restriction PCR method was employed to remove the amended DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nucleic acids
KW  - Heredity
KW  - DNA
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - Genes
KW  - Death -- Causes
KW  - Violent deaths
N1  - Accession Number: 17968900; Green, Stefan J. 1; Minz, Dror 2; Email Address: minz@volcani.agri.gov.il; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; 2: Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel.; Issue Info: Aug2005, Vol. 71 Issue 8, p4721; Thesaurus Term: Nucleic acids; Thesaurus Term: Heredity; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: Polymerase chain reaction; Subject Term: Genes; Subject Term: Death -- Causes; Subject Term: Violent deaths; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4721-4727.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bratkovsky, A. M.
AU  - Osipov, V. V.
T1  - Ultrafast low-power spin-injection devices based on modified ferromagnetic-semiconductor junctions.
JO  - IEE Proceedings -- Circuits, Devices & Systems
JF  - IEE Proceedings -- Circuits, Devices & Systems
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 152
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 333
SN  - 13502409
AB  - The article focuses on ultra-fast low-power spin-injection devices based on spin electronics. Spin injection and manipulation in semiconductors holds promise for the next generation of high-speed low-power electronic devices. Relatively high spin injection from ferromagnets into nonmagnetic semiconductors has been recently demonstrated at low temperatures, and attempts to achieve an efficient room-temperature spin injection have faced substantial difficulties. Theoretical studies of the spin injection from ferromagnetic metals have been the subject of extensive research.
KW  - SPINTRONICS
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - MAGNETIC semiconductors
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - FERROMAGNETISM
N1  - Accession Number: 18587507; Bratkovsky, A. M. 1; Email Address: alex.bratkovski@hp.com; Osipov, V. V. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, IL. Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.; 2: New Physics Devices, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94305, USA.; Issue Info: Aug2005, Vol. 152 Issue 4, p323; Subject Term: SPINTRONICS; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: MAGNETIC semiconductors; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETISM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/ip-cds:20050017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mechanical stimulation of the plantar foot surface attenuates soleus muscle atrophy induced by hindlimb unloading in rats.
AU  - Kyparos, Antonios
AU  - Feeback, Daniel L.
AU  - Layne, Charles S.
AU  - Martinez, Daniel A.
AU  - Clarke, Mark S. F.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 99
IS  - 2
SP  - 739
EP  - 746
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 17824048; Author: Kyparos, Antonios: 1,2,3 Author: Feeback, Daniel L.: 4 Author: Layne, Charles S.: 3 Author: Martinez, Daniel A.: 2 Author: Clarke, Mark S. F.: 3 email: mclarke@mail.uh.edu. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Institute for Space Systems Operations, University of Houston, Houston, Texas: 2 Connective Tissue Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas: 3 Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas: 4 Muscle Research Laboratory, Space Life Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20050805
N2  - Unloading-induced muscle atrophy occurs in the aging population, bed-ridden patients, and astronauts. This study was designed to determine whether dynamic foot stimulation (DFS) applied to the plantar surface of the rat foot can serve as a countermeasure to soleus muscle atrophy normally observed in hindlimb unloaded (HU) rats. Forty-four mature (6 mo old), male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to ambulatory control, HU alone, HU with active DFS (i.e., plantar contact with active inflation), HU with passive DFS (i.e., plantar contact without active inflation), and HU while wearing a DFS boot with no plantar contact groups. Application of active DFS during HU significantly counteracted the atrophic response by preventing -85% of the reduction in type I myofiber cross-sectional area (CSA) in the soleus while preventing ∼57% of the reduction in type I myofiber CSA and 43% of the reduction in type HA myofiber CSA of the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Wearing of a DFS boot without active inflation prevented myofiber atrophy in the soleus of HU animals in a fashion similar to that observed in HU animals that wore an actively inflated DFS boot. However, when a DFS boot without plantar surface contact was worn during HU, no significant protection from HU-induced myofiber atrophy was observed. These results illustrate that the application of mechanical foot stimulation to the plantar surface of the rat foot is an effective countermeasure to muscle atrophy induced by HU. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *MUSCULAR atrophy
KW  - *BIOMECHANICS
KW  - ANIMAL models in research
KW  - AGE factors in disease
KW  - GRAVITY -- Physiological effect
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - mechanical foot stimulation
KW  - mechanical unloading
KW  - plantar stimulation
KW  - proprioception
KW  - rat
KW  - sensory receptors
KW  - skeletal muscle atrophy
KW  - soleus
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Summers, David
T1  - Ammonia Formation By The Reduction Of Nitrite/Nitrate By Fes: Ammonia Formation Under Acidic Conditions.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 312
SN  - 01696149
AB  - One issue for the origin of life under a non-reducing atmosphere is the availability of the reduced nitrogen necessary for amino acids, nucleic acids, etc. One possible source of this nitrogen is the formation of ammonia from the reduction of nitrates and nitrites produced by the shock heating of the atmosphere and subsequent chemistry. Ferrous ions will reduce these species to ammonium, but not under acidic conditions. We wish to report results on the reduction of nitrite and nitrate by another source of iron (II), ferrous sulfide, FeS. FeS reduces nitrite to ammonia at lower pHs than the corresponding reduction by aqueous Fe+ 2. The reduction follows a first order decay, in nitrite concentration, with a half-life of about 150 min (room temperature, CO2, pH 6.25). The highest product yield of ammonia measured was 53%. Under CO2, the product yield decreases from pH 5.0 to pH 6.9. The increasing concentration of bicarbonate, at higher pH, interferes with the reaction. Comparing experiments under N2 CO2 shows the interference of bicarbonate. The reaction proceeds well in the presence of such species as chloride, sulfate, and phosphate, though the yield drops significantly with phosphate. FeS also reduces nitrate and, unlike with Fe+ 2, the reduction shows more reproducibility. Again, the product yield decreases with increasing pH, from 7% at pH 4.7 to 0% at pH 6.9. It appears that nitrate is much more sensitive to the presence of added species, perhaps not competing as well for binding sites on the FeS surface. This may be the cause of the lack of reproducibility of nitrate reduction by Fe+ 2 (which also can be sensitive to binding by certain species) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ammonia
KW  - ammonium
KW  - aqueous
KW  - iron (II)
KW  - iron sulfide FeS
KW  - nitrate
KW  - nitrite
KW  - nitrogen fixation
KW  - non-reducing atmosphere
KW  - prebiotic synthesis
KW  - reduction
N1  - Accession Number: 52535196; Summers, David 1; Email Address: dsummers@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-4 Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A; Issue Info: Aug2005, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p299; Author-Supplied Keyword: ammonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: ammonium; Author-Supplied Keyword: aqueous; Author-Supplied Keyword: iron (II); Author-Supplied Keyword: iron sulfide FeS; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrite; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen fixation; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-reducing atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: reduction; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-005-2040-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apel, Charles
AU  - Deamer, David
T1  - The Formation Of Glycerol Monodecanoate By A Dehydration Condensation Reaction: Increasing The Chemical Complexity Of Amphiphiles On The Early Earth.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 332
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Dehydration/condensation reactions between organic molecules in the prebiotic environment increased the inventory and complexity of organic compounds available for self-assembly into primitive cellular organisms. As a model of such reactions and to demonstrate this principle, we have investigated the esterification reaction between glycerol and decanoic acid that forms glycerol monodecanoate (GMD). This amphiphile enhances robustness of self-assembled membranous structures of carboxylic acids to the potentially disruptive effects of pH, divalent cation binding and osmotic stress. Experimental variables included temperature, water activity and hydrolysis of the resulting ester product, providing insights into the environmental conditions that would favor the formation and stability of this more evolved amphiphile. At temperatures exceeding 50 ∘C, the ester product formed even in the presence of bulk water, suggesting that the reaction occurs at the liquid interface of the two reactants and that the products segregate in the two immiscible layers, thereby reducing hydrolytic back reactions. This implies that esterification reactions were likely to be common in the prebiotic environment as reactants underwent cycles of wetting and drying on rare early landmasses at elevated temperatures [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - amphiphiles
KW  - ester bond
KW  - membranes
KW  - prebiotic
KW  - vesicles
N1  - Accession Number: 52535201; Apel, Charles 1; Email Address: capel@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Deamer, David 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field U.S.A; 2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz U.S.A; Issue Info: Aug2005, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p323; Author-Supplied Keyword: amphiphiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: ester bond; Author-Supplied Keyword: membranes; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic; Author-Supplied Keyword: vesicles; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-005-2046-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - Chaos and Time-Series Analysis.
JO  - Technometrics
JF  - Technometrics
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 373
EP  - 373
SN  - 00401706
AB  - Reviews the book "Chaos and Time-Series Analysis," by Julien Clinton Sprott.
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - SPROTT, Julien Clinton
KW  - CHAOS & Time-Series Analysis (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 17797956; Scargle, Jeffrey D. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center.; Issue Info: Aug2005, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p373; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: CHAOS & Time-Series Analysis (Book); People: SPROTT, Julien Clinton; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morring, Jr., Frank
T1  - Dance of the Testbeds.
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
Y1  - 2005/08/15/
VL  - 163
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - The article reports that the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration is preparing a February 2006 launch for a set of three hatbox-size satellites designed to help prove swarms of scientific micro-sats can be built and controlled practically, allowing researchers to take in situ data simultaneously over vast distances for better understanding of large-scale phenomena. Part of the New Millennium technology-tested program, the Space Technology 5 project is spending $130 million to build, launch and fly the three-spacecraft constellation in the Earth's magnetosphere.
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 18039381; Morring, Jr., Frank 1; Affiliations: 1: GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER; Issue Info: 8/15/2005, Vol. 163 Issue 7, p28; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1237
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garrett, T. J.
AU  - Liu, C.
AU  - Dean-Day, J.
AU  - Barnett, B. K.
AU  - Mace, G. G.
AU  - Baumgardner, D. G.
AU  - Webster, C. R.
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - Read, W. G.
T1  - A redistribution of water due to pileus cloud formation near the tropopause.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 8209
EP  - 8232
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Thin stratiform clouds called pileus can form in the earth's atmosphere when humid air is lifted above rising convection. In the lower troposphere pileus lifetimes are short, so they have been considered little more than an attractive curiosity. This paper describes pileus cloud forming near the tropopause at low-latitudes, and discusses how they may be associated with a redistribution of water vapor and ice at cold temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 20275182; Garrett, T. J. 1; Email Address: garrett@met.utah.edu; Liu, C. 1; Dean-Day, J. 2; Barnett, B. K. 3; Mace, G. G. 1; Baumgardner, D. G. 4; Webster, C. R. 5; Bui, T. P. 2; Read, W. G. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 2: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: WB-57 Program Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Ellington Field, Houston, Texas, USA; 4: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 5, p8209; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Wenny, B. N.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Yee, J.-H.
AU  - Swartz, W. H.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
T1  - Ozone observations by the Gas and Aerosol Measurement Sensor during SOLVE II.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 9953
EP  - 9992
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The Gas and Aerosol Measurement Sensor (GAMS) was deployed aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II). GAMS acquired line-of-sight (LOS) direct solar irradiance spectra during the sunlit portions of ten science flights of the DC-8 between 12 January and 4 February 2003. Differential line-of-sight (DLOS) optical depth spectra are produced from the GAMS raw solar irradiance spectra. Then, DLOS ozone number densities are retrieved from the GAMS spectra using a multiple linear regression spectral fitting technique. Both the DLOS optical depth spectra and retrieved ozone data are compared with coincident measurements from two other solar instruments aboard the DC-8 platform to demonstrate the robustness and stability of the GAMS data. The GAMS ozone measurements are then utilized to evaluate the quality of the Wulf band ozone cross sections, a critical component of the SAGE III aerosol, water vapor, and temperature/pressure retrievals. Results suggest the ozone cross section compilation of Shettle and Anderson currently used operationally in SAGE III data processing may be in error by as much as 10-20% in the Wulf bands, and their lack of reported temperature dependence is a significant deficiency. A second, more recent, cross section database compiled for the SCIAMACHY satellite mission appears to be of much better quality in the Wulf bands, but still may have errors as large as 5% near the Wulf band absorption peaks. Additional laboratory measurements of the Wulf band cross sections should be pursued to further reduce their uncertainty and better quantify their temperature dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Gases
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Airplanes
N1  - Accession Number: 20275225; Pitts, M. C. 1; Email Address: michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov; Thomason, L. W. 1; Zawodny, J. M. 1; Wenny, B. N. 2; Livingston, J. M. 3; Russell, P. B. 4; Yee, J.-H. 5; Swartz, W. H. 5; Shetter, R. E. 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 5: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 5, p9953; Thesaurus Term: Gases; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Subject Term: Airplanes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popp, P. J.
AU  - Marcy, T. P.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Kärcher, B.
AU  - Fahey, D. W.
AU  - Gao, R. S.
AU  - Thompson, T. L.
AU  - Rosenlof, K. H.
AU  - Richard, E. C.
AU  - Herman, R. L.
AU  - Weinstock, E. M.
AU  - Smith, J. B.
AU  - May, R. D.
AU  - Vömel, H.
AU  - Wilson, J. C.
AU  - Heymsfield, A. J.
AU  - Mahoney, M. J.
AU  - Thompson, A. M.
T1  - The observation of nitric acid-containing particles in the tropical lower stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 10097
EP  - 10124
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Airborne in situ measurements over the eastern Pacific Ocean in January 2004 have revealed a new category of nitric acid (HNO3)-containing particles in the tropical lower stratosphere. These particles are most likely composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). They were intermittently observed in a narrow layer above the tropopause (18±0.1 km) and over a broad geographic extent (>1100 km). In contrast to the background liquid sulfate aerosol, these particles are solid, much larger (1.7-4.7 µm vs. 0.1 µm in diameter), and significantly less abundant (<10-4 cm-3 vs. 10 cm-3). Microphysical trajectory models suggest that the NAT particles grow over a 6-14 day period in supersaturated air that remains close to the tropical tropopause and might be a common feature in the tropics. The small number density of these particles implies a highly selective or slow nucleation process. Understanding the formation of solid NAT particles in the tropics could improve our understanding of stratospheric nucleation processes and, therefore, dehydration and denitrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Nucleation
N1  - Accession Number: 20275154; Popp, P. J. 1,2; Email Address: peter.j.popp@noaa.gov; Marcy, T. P. 1,2; Jensen, E. J. 3; Kärcher, B. 4; Fahey, D. W. 1; Gao, R. S. 1; Thompson, T. L. 1; Rosenlof, K. H. 1; Richard, E. C. 1,2,5; Herman, R. L. 6; Weinstock, E. M. 7; Smith, J. B. 7; May, R. D. 8; Vömel, H. 9; Wilson, J. C. 10; Heymsfield, A. J. 11; Mahoney, M. J. 6; Thompson, A. M. 12; Affiliations: 1: Aeronomy Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 7: Atmospheric Research Project, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 8: MayComm Instruments, San Dimas, CA 91773, USA; 9: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 10: Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA; 11: Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 12: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 5, p10097; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Subject Term: Nitric acid; Subject Term: Nucleation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
AU  - Neil, Doreen
AU  - Chu, D. Allen
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Gumley, Liam
AU  - Prins, Elaine
AU  - Weinstock, Lewis
AU  - MacDonald, Clinton
AU  - Wayland, Richard
AU  - Dimmick, Fred
AU  - Fishman, Jack
T1  - Improving National Air Quality Forecasts with Satellite Aerosol Observations.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 86
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1249
EP  - 1261
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Accurate air quality forecasts can allow for mitigation of the health risks associated with high levels of air pollution. During September 2003, a team of NASA, NOAA, and EPA researchers demonstrated a prototype tool for improving fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality forecasts using satellite aerosol observations. Daily forecast products were generated from a near-real-time fusion of multiple input data products, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/ Earth Observing System (EOS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite, PM2.5 concentration from over 300 state/local/national surface monitoring stations, meteorological fields from the NOAA/NCEP Eta Model, and fire locations from the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) product. The products were disseminated via a Web interface to a small group of forecasters representing state and local air management agencies and the EPA. The MODIS data improved forecaster knowledge of synoptic-scale air pollution events, particularly over oceans and in regions devoid of surface monitors. Forecast trajectories initialized in regions of high AOD offered guidance for identifying potential episodes of poor air quality. The capability of this approach was illustrated with a case study showing that aerosol resulting from wildfires in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada is transported across the continent to influence air quality in the Great Lakes region a few days later. The timing of this demonstration was selected to help improve the accuracy of the EPA's AIRNow () air quality index next-day PM2.5 forecast, which began on 1 October 2003. Based on the positive response from air quality managers and forecasters, this prototype was expanded and transitioned to an operational provider during the summer of 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric deposition
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 18317039; Al-Saadi, Jassim 1; Email Address: j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov; Szykman, James 2; Pierce, R. Bradley 1; Kittaka, Chieko 3; Neil, Doreen 1; Chu, D. Allen 4; Remer, Lorraine 5; Gumley, Liam 6; Prins, Elaine 7; Weinstock, Lewis 8; MacDonald, Clinton 9; Wayland, Richard 8; Dimmick, Fred 8; Fishman, Jack 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; 3: SAIC, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Joint Center for Earth Science Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 6: SSEC/CIMSS, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 7: NOAA/NES-DIS/ORA, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 8: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; 9: Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 86 Issue 9, p1249; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric deposition; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ohring, George
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce
AU  - Spencer, Roy
AU  - Emery, Bill
AU  - Datla, Raju
T1  - Satellite Instrument Calibration for Measuring Global Climate Change: Report of a Workshop.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 86
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1303
EP  - 1313
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Measuring the small changes associated with long-term global climate change from space is a daunting task. The satellite instruments must be capable of observing atmospheric and surface temperature trends as small as 0.1°C decade-1, ozone changes as little as 1% decade-1, and variations in the sun's output as tiny as 0.1% decade-1. To address these problems and recommend directions for improvements in satellite instrument calibration, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System–Integrated Program Office (NPOESS-IPO), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) organized a workshop at the University of Maryland Inn and Conference Center, College Park, Maryland, 12–14 November 2002. Some 75 scientists participated including researchers who develop and analyze long-term datasets from satellites, experts in the field of satellite instrument calibration, and physicists working on state-of-the-art calibration sources and standards. The workshop defined the absolute accuracies and long-term stabilities of global climate datasets that are needed to detect expected trends, translated these dataset accuracies and stabilities to required satellite instrument accuracies and stabilities, and evaluated the ability of current observing systems to meet these requirements. The workshop's recommendations include a set of basic axioms or overarching principles that must guide high quality climate observations in general, and a road map for improving satellite instrument characterization, calibration, intercalibration, and associated activities to meet the challenge of measuring global climate change. The workshop also recommended that a follow-up workshop be conducted to discuss implementation of the road map developed at this workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Meteorological services
KW  - Geophysical prediction
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 18317035; Ohring, George 1; Email Address: george.ohring@noaa.gov; Wielicki, Bruce 2; Spencer, Roy 3; Emery, Bill 4; Datla, Raju 5; Affiliations: 1: Consultant to NOAA and NIST, College Park, Maryland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; 4: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; 5: NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 86 Issue 9, p1303; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological services; Thesaurus Term: Geophysical prediction; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raleigh, Chris
AU  - Vogler, Detlev R.
AU  - Cullings, Ken
T1  - Effects of severe dwarf mistletoe infection on the ectomycorrhizal community of a Pinus contorta stand in Yellowstone Park.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Botany
JF  - Canadian Journal of Botany
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 83
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1174
EP  - 1180
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084026
AB  - Molecular methods were used to test the hypothesis that severe infection by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium, a carbon-sink parasite) affects the ectomycorrhizal (EM) communities of its host, lodgepole pine. Results indicate significantly lower EM fungal species richness (2 ± 0.2 SE species per core in uninfected and 1 ± 0.2 species per core in infected blocks; P < 0.005), Shannon–Wiener diversity indices (1.1 in uninfected and 0.6 in infected; P < 0.05), and also differences in species EM fungal composition; uninfected blocks are dominated by a species of Cortinarius while the infected stand is dominated by species of Russula, and Piloderma (26%). By contrast, dwarf mistletoe infection has no apparent effect on evenness (0.65 in controls and 0.47 in infected; 0.05 < P < 0.1), or on EM infection levels (35 ± 7 EM tips per core in uninfected and 21 ± 5 in infected; P > 0.1). Thus, dwarf mistletoe infection may select for EM fungal species that impose a lower carbon demand on the host, or that possess carbon-degrading abilities to augment carbon lost to the parasite, enabling the trees in infected blocks to maintain relatively high EM infection levels. Our results indicate that effects of dwarf mistletoe infection occur not just in the crown of infected but extend into the soil as well, and hence may have much greater implications for ecosystem function than previously thought. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les auteurs ont utilisé des méthodes moléculaires pour vérifier l’hypothèse proposant qu’une infection sévère par le faux gui (un parasite du puits de carbone) affecte les communautés ectomycorhiziennes (EM) de son hôte, le pin lodgepole. Les résultats indiquent des réductions significatives de la richesse en espèces de champignons EM (2 ± 0,2 SE espèces par carotte pour les non infectés, et 1 ± 0,2 dans les parcelles infectées; P < 0,005)], ainsi que des indices de diversité de Shannon-Wiener (1,1, non infectés; 0.6 infectés; P < 0,05). On note également des différences dans la composition en espèces de champignons EM; les parcelles non infectées sont dominées par une espèce de Cortinarius alors que des espèces de Russula et de Piloderma prévalent dans les parcelles infectées (26 %). Au contraire, l’infection par le faux gui n’a pas d’effet apparent sur l’uniformité (0,65 chez les témoins et 0,47 dans les parcelles infectées; 0,05 < P < 0,1), ou sur les taux de colonisation EM (35 ± 7 apex EM par carotte chez les infectés et 21 ± 5 chez les infectés; P > 0,1)]. Ainsi l’infection par le faux gui peut sélectionner des espèces fongiques EM qui imposent une moindre demande en carbone de la part de l’hôte, ou qui possèdent des capacités de dégradation du carbone pour augmenter la perte de carbone à l’hôte, rendant ainsi les arbres des parcelles infectées capables de maintenir des taux de mycorhization relativement élevés. Les résultats indiquent que les effets de l’infection par le faux gui ne surviennent pas seulement dans le houppier des arbres infectés, mais s’étendent dans le sol également, et conséquemment peuvent avoir des implications plus importantes dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes qu’on le pensait jusqu’à maintenant. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Botany is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Santalales
KW  - Pine
KW  - Piloderma
KW  - Dwarf mistletoes
KW  - Mistletoes
KW  - Lodgepole pine
KW  - Loranthaceae
KW  - National parks & reserves -- Idaho
KW  - National parks & reserves -- Montana
KW  - National parks & reserves -- Wyoming
KW  - Pine -- Diseases & pests
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
KW  - DNA sequencing
KW  - dwarf mistletoe
KW  - ectomycorrhizae PCR
KW  - Yellowstone
KW  - faux gui
KW  - PCR d'ectomycorhizes
KW  - séquençage de l'ADN
N1  - Accession Number: 19712601; Raleigh, Chris 1; Vogler, Detlev R. 2; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: kcullings@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Forest Genetics, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667-5107, USA; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 83 Issue 9, p1174; Thesaurus Term: Santalales; Thesaurus Term: Pine; Thesaurus Term: Piloderma; Subject Term: Dwarf mistletoes; Subject Term: Mistletoes; Subject Term: Lodgepole pine; Subject Term: Loranthaceae; Subject Term: National parks & reserves -- Idaho; Subject Term: National parks & reserves -- Montana; Subject Term: National parks & reserves -- Wyoming; Subject Term: Pine -- Diseases & pests; Subject: Yellowstone National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA sequencing; Author-Supplied Keyword: dwarf mistletoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: ectomycorrhizae PCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Author-Supplied Keyword: faux gui; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCR d'ectomycorhizes; Author-Supplied Keyword: séquençage de l'ADN; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/b05-100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Ogilvie, K. W.1,2
T1  - Learning about particles: 50 privileged years.
JO  - Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries
JF  - Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries
J1  - Choice: Current Reviews for Academic Libraries
PY  - 2005/09//
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
CP  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 122
EP  - 122
SN  - 00094978
AB  - Reviews the book "Learning About Particles: 50 Privileged Years," by Jack Steinberger.
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Steinberger, Jack
KW  - Learning About Particles: 50 Privileged Years (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 18538958; Authors: Ogilvie, K. W. 1,2; Affiliations:  1: NASA;  2: Goddard Space Flight Center; Subject: Learning About Particles: 50 Privileged Years (Book); Subject: Steinberger, Jack; Subject: Scattering (Physics); Subject: Nonfiction; Number of Pages: 1/9p; Record Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lls
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Elvidge, Christopher D.
AU  - Dietz, John B.
AU  - Tuttle, Benjamin T.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Mapping and Modeling the Biogeochemical Cycling of Turf Grasses in the United States.
JO  - Environmental Management
JF  - Environmental Management
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 426
EP  - 438
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0364152X
AB  - Turf grasses are ubiquitous in the urban landscape of the United States and are often associated with various types of environmental impacts, especially on water resources, yet there have been limited efforts to quantify their total surface and ecosystem functioning, such as their total impact on the continental water budget and potential net ecosystem exchange (NEE). In this study, relating turf grass area to an estimate of fractional impervious surface area, it was calculated that potentially 163,800 km2 (± 35,850 km2) of land are cultivated with turf grasses in the continental United States, an area three times larger than that of any irrigated crop. Using the Biome-BGC ecosystem process model, the growth of warm-season and cool-season turf grasses was modeled at a number of sites across the 48 conterminous states under different management scenarios, simulating potential carbon and water fluxes as if the entire turf surface was to be managed like a well-maintained lawn. The results indicate that well-watered and fertilized turf grasses act as a carbon sink. The potential NEE that could derive from the total surface potentially under turf (up to 17 Tg C/yr with the simulated scenarios) would require up to 695 to 900 liters of water per person per day, depending on the modeled water irrigation practices, suggesting that outdoor water conservation practices such as xeriscaping and irrigation with recycled waste-water may need to be extended as many municipalities continue to face increasing pressures on freshwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Management is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Turfgrasses
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Water conservation
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Urban vegetation management
KW  - United States
KW  - BIOME-BGC
KW  - Carbon budget
KW  - Carbon sequestration potential
KW  - Impervious surface area
KW  - Turf grasses
KW  - Water use
N1  - Accession Number: 18439159; Milesi, Cristina 1; Email Address: milesi@ntsg.umt.edu; Running, Steven W. 1; Elvidge, Christopher D. 2; Dietz, John B. 3; Tuttle, Benjamin T. 4; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 5; Affiliations: 1: Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA; 2: NOAA National Geophysical Data Center, 325 Broadway Boulder 80303, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research on the Atmosphere (CIRA), Colorado state University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1375, USA; 4: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES), 216 University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-242-4, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p426; Thesaurus Term: Turfgrasses; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Water conservation; Thesaurus Term: Environmental impact analysis; Subject Term: Urban vegetation management; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: BIOME-BGC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon sequestration potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impervious surface area; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turf grasses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111421 Nursery and Tree Production; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00267-004-0316-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goffredi, Shana K.
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
AU  - Rouse, Greg W.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda
AU  - Embaye, Tsegeria
AU  - Turk, Kendra
AU  - Lee, Ray
AU  - Vrijenhoek, Robert C.
T1  - Evolutionary innovation: a bone-eating marine symbiosis.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1369
EP  - 1378
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Symbiotic associations between microbes and invertebrates have resulted in some of the most unusual physiological and morphological adaptations that have evolved in the animal world. We document a new symbiosis between marine polychaetes of the genus Osedax and members of the bacterial group Oceanospirillales, known for heterotrophic degradation of complex organic compounds. These organisms were discovered living on the carcass of a grey whale at 2891 m depth in Monterey Canyon, off the coast of California. The mouthless and gutless worms are unique in their morphological specializations used to obtain nutrition from decomposing mammalian bones. Adult worms possess elaborate posterior root-like extensions that invade whale bone and contain bacteriocytes that house intracellular symbionts. Stable isotopes and fatty acid analyses suggest that these unusual endosymbionts are likely responsible for the nutrition of this locally abundant and reproductively prolific deep-sea worm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Worms
KW  - Invertebrates
KW  - Animals
KW  - Symbiosis
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Organic compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 17818535; Goffredi, Shana K. 1,2; Email Address: goffredi@caltech.edu; Orphan, Victoria J. 2,3; Rouse, Greg W. 4,5; Jahnke, Linda 3; Embaye, Tsegeria 3; Turk, Kendra 3; Lee, Ray 6; Vrijenhoek, Robert C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA; 2: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: South Australian Museum, Nth Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; 5: Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia; 6: Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 7 Issue 9, p1369; Thesaurus Term: Bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Worms; Thesaurus Term: Invertebrates; Thesaurus Term: Animals; Thesaurus Term: Symbiosis; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411110 Live animal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00824.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vera, Alonso H.
AU  - John, Bonnie E.
AU  - Remington, Roger
AU  - Matessa, Michael
AU  - Freed, Michael A.
T1  - Automating Human-Performance Modeling at the Millisecond Level.
JO  - Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 225
EP  - 265
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 07370024
AB  - A priori prediction of skilled human performance has the potential to be of great practical value but is difficult to carry out. This article reports on an approach that facilitates modeling of human behavior at the level of cognitive, perceptual, and motor operations, following the CPM-GOMS method (John, 1990). CPM-GOMS is a powerful modeling method that has remained underused because of the expertise and labor required. We describe a process for automatically generating CPM-GOMS models from a hierarchical task decomposition expressed in a computational modeling tool, taking advantage of reusable behavior templates and their efficacy for generating zero-parameter a priori predictions of complex human behavior. To demonstrate the process, we present a model of automated teller machine interaction. The model shows that it is possible to string together existing behavioral templates that compose basic HCI tasks, (e.g., mousing to a button and clicking on it) to generate powerful human performance predictions. Because interleaving of templates is now automated, it becomes possible to construct arbitrarily long sequences of behavior. In addition, the manipulation and adaptation of complete models has the potential of becoming dramatically easier. Thus, the tool described here provides an engine for CPM-GOMS that may facilitate computational modeling of human performance at the millisecond level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - AUTOMATIC machinery
KW  - TELEMATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18977528; Vera, Alonso H. 1; John, Bonnie E. 2; Remington, Roger 3; Matessa, Michael 3; Freed, Michael A. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center & Carnegie Mellon University; 2: Carnegie Mellon University; 3: NASA Ames Research Center; 4: NASA Ames Research Center & University of West Florida; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p225; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATION; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER systems; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION technology; Thesaurus Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC machinery; Subject Term: TELEMATICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812990 All Other Personal Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 41p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1207/s15327051hci2003_1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lazos, Barry S.
T1  - Biologically Inspired Fixed-Wing Configuration Studies.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1089
EP  - 1098
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Through the evolution of natural flight systems, it is expected that many have been optimized to provide enhanced efficiency. With this in mind the current study was conducted to determine whether flight configurations found in nature might be appropriately applied to fixed-wing mechanical flight systems to provide performance improvements through energy savings. Four different biologically inspired wings were designed and experimentally tested against a planar elliptic configuration used as a baseline. Two of the configurations show performance improvements over the baseline, using two different comparison techniques. Surface oil flow visualizations at the wingtips highlight differences that provide insight into the flow physics of the improvements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - ENERGY conservation
KW  - ANIMAL flight
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - INDUSTRIAL efficiency
N1  - Accession Number: 18775402; Source Information: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1089; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ENERGY conservation; Subject Term: ANIMAL flight; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL efficiency; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruzicka, Gene C.
AU  - Strawn, Roger C.
AU  - Meadowcroft, Edward T.
T1  - Discrete-Blade, Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Ducted-Fan Flow.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1109
EP  - 1117
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The application of overset grid methods to studying the flowfield of the FANTAIL™ antitorque system of the RAH-66 rotorcraft is described. The FANTAIL itself and the experimental program used to design it arc described first. Then, OVERFLOW-D, an overset grid-based, Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code is reviewed, and its adaptation to the ducted fan geometry of the FANTAIL is explained. The modeling of the FANTAIL using OVERFLOW-D. including grids and boundary conditions, is explained in detail. The results of numerical studies of the hovering FANTAIL are presented and are shown to compare well with experiment. Flowfield visualizations are presented and are used to explain how the blade tip vortices combine with the adverse pressure gradient beneath the rotor disk to impact flow along the duet wall beneath the disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - DUCTED fans
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - ROTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 18775404; Source Information: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1109; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: DUCTED fans; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Melton, LaTunia Pack
AU  - Schaeffler, Norman W.
AU  - Chung-Sheng Yao
AU  - Seifert, Avi
T1  - Active Control of Flow Separation from Supercritical Airfoil Leading-Edge Flap Shoulder.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1142
EP  - 1149
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Zero-net mass-flux periodic excitation was applied at the leading-edge flap shoulder of a simplified high-lift airfoil to delay flow separation. The term simplified infers that no slat or Fowler flaps are used. The NASA energy efficient transport supercritical airfoil was fitted with a 15% chord simply hinged leading-edge flap and a 25% chord simply hinged trailing-edge flap. Initially, the cruise configuration data from previous experiments were reproduced. The effects of leading- and trailing-edge flap deflections on the airfoil integral parameters were quantified. Detailed flow features were measured to identify optimal actuator placement. The measurements included steady and unsteady model and tunnel wall pressures, wake surveys, arrays of surface hot films, flow visualization, and particle image velocimetry. Eventually, high-frequency periodic excitation was applied to delay the occurrence of leading-edge flap shoulder stall and increased the maximum lift by 10-15%. Low-frequency amplitude modulation was used to reduce the oscillatory momentum coefficient by roughly 50% with similar aerodynamic performance gains. It is demonstrated that the efficacy of the amplitude-modulated excitation is due to the generation of low-frequency motion, which is amplified by the separating shear layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18775408; Source Information: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1142; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laflin, Kelly R.
AU  - Klausmeyer, Steven M.
AU  - Zickuhr, Thomas
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Rakowitz, Mark E.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Godard, Jean-Luc
T1  - Data Summary from Second AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1165
EP  - 1178
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Second AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop are summarized. The workshop focused on absolute and configuration delta drag prediction of the DLR, German Aerospace Research Center F6 geometry, which is representative of transport aircraft designed for transonic flight. Both wing-body and wing-body-nacelle-pylon configurations are considered. Comparisons are made using industry relevant test eases that include single-point conditions, drag polars, and drag-rise curves. Drag, lift, and pitching moment predictions from several different Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes are presented and compared to experimental data. Solutions on multiblock structured, unstructured, and overset structured grids using a variety of turbulence models are considered. Results of a grid-refinement study and a comparison of tripped transition vs fully turbulent boundary-layer computations are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
N1  - Accession Number: 18775441; Source Information: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1165; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 23 Charts, 21 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Assessment of Comprehensive Analysis Calculation of Airloads on Helicopter Rotors.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1218
EP  - 1228
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Blade section normal force and pitching moment were investigated for six rotors operating at transition and high speeds: H-34 in flight and wind tunnel, SA 330 (research Puma), SA 349/2, UH-60A full-scale, and BO-105 model (Higher-Harmonic Acoustics Rotor Test I). The measured data from flight and wind-tunnel tests were compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II. The calculations were made using two free-wake models: rolled up and multiple trailer with consolidation models. At transition speed, there is fair to good agreement for the blade section normal force between the test data and analysis for the H-34, research Puma, and SA 349/2 with the rolled-up wake. The calculated airloads differ significantly from the measurements for the UH-60A and BO-105. Better correlation is obtained for the UH-60A and BO-105 by using the multiple trailer with consolidation wake model. In the high-speed condition, the analysis shows generally good agreement with the research Puma flight data in both magnitude and phase. However, poor agreement is obtained for the other rotors examined. The analysis shows that the aerodynamic tip design (chord length and quarter-chord location) of the research Puma has an important influence on the phase correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - WAKES (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 18775414; Source Information: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1218; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: WAKES (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jegley, Dawn C.
T1  - Structural Efficiency of Stitched Composite Panels with Stiffener Crippling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1273
EP  - 1280
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The structural efficiency of blade-stiffened stitched specimens is compared to determine their weight-saving potential if blades were allowed to buckle at less than or equal to design ultimate load, Analytical and experimental results from four configurations of crippling specimens are presented. Specimen skin and blades were held together with through-the-thickness stitches prior to curing. No mechanical fasteners were used for the assembly, Tests were conducted with and without low-speed impact damage, Failure modes are discussed. Finite element and experimental results agree for the response of the structures. For some specimen configurations, improved structural efficiency can be obtained by allowing stiffeners to buckle at design limit load rather than requiring that buckling not occur prior to design ultimate load. A parametric study is presented herein, which describes the possible weight savings with this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MECHANICAL efficiency
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Weight
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 18775420; Source Information: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1273; Subject Term: MECHANICAL efficiency; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Weight; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patnaik, Surya N.
AU  - Coroneos, Rula M.
AU  - Guptill, James D.
AU  - Hopkins, Dale A.
T1  - Subsonic Aircraft Design Optimization with Neural Network and Regression Approximators.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1347
EP  - 1349
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Discusses the insights gained from using the approximation techniques, neural network and regression methods, to alleviate the difficulty encountered in the aircraft analyzer, and the optimizer cascade strategy to overcome convergence deficiency in the nonlinear programming algorithm.  Design variables of the subsonic aircraft; Disciplines that the flight optimization FLOPS code calculates; Basic function of the regression method.
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - CASCADES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - NONLINEAR programming
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18775431; Source Information: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1347; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: CASCADES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: NONLINEAR programming; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rohlin, Lars
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
AU  - Salmon, Kirsty
AU  - Kim, Unmi
AU  - Gunsalus, Robert P.
AU  - Liao, James C.
T1  - Heat Shock Response of Archaeoglobus fulgidus.
JO  - Journal of Bacteriology
JF  - Journal of Bacteriology
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 187
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 6046
EP  - 6057
SN  - 00219193
AB  - The heat shock response of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain VC-16 was studied using whole-genuine microarrays. On the basis of the resulting expression profiles, approximately 350 of the 2,410 open reading frames (ORFs) (ca. 14%) exhibited increased or decreased transcript abundance. These span a range of cell functions, including energy production, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction, where the majority are uncharacterized. One ORF called AF1298 was identified that contains a putative helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif. The gene product, HSR1, was expressed and purified from Escherichia coil and was used to characterize specific DNA recognition regions upstream of two A. fulgidus genes, AF1298 and AF1971. The results indicate that AF1298 is autoregulated and is part of an operon with two downstream genes that encode a small heat shock protein, Hsp20, and cdc48, an AAA+ ATPase. The DNase I footprints using HSR1 suggest the presence of a cis-binding motif upstream of AF1298 consisting of CTAAC-N5-GTTAG. Since AF1298 is negatively regulated in response to heat shock and encodes a protein only distantly related to the N-terminal DNA binding domain of Phr of Pyrococcus furiosus, these results suggest that HSRI and Phr may belong to an evolutionarily diverse protein family involved in heat shock regulation in hyperthermophilic and mesophilic Archaea organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Bacteriology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Escherichia coli
KW  - Thermophilic bacteria
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Bacteriology
KW  - Heat shock proteins
KW  - Proteins
KW  - Amino acid metabolism
KW  - Cellular signal transduction
KW  - Genes
N1  - Accession Number: 18163647; Rohlin, Lars 1; Trent, Jonathan D. 2; Salmon, Kirsty 3; Kim, Unmi 3; Gunsalus, Robert P. 3; Liao, James C. 1; Email Address: liaoj@ucla.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemical Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 3: Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 187 Issue 17, p6046; Thesaurus Term: Escherichia coli; Thesaurus Term: Thermophilic bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Bacteriology; Subject Term: Heat shock proteins; Subject Term: Proteins; Subject Term: Amino acid metabolism; Subject Term: Cellular signal transduction; Subject Term: Genes; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/JB.187.17.6046-6057.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Sealey, Bradley S.
T1  - Compact nonporous windscreen for infrasonic measurements.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 118
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1335
EP  - 1340
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Infrasonic windscreens, designed for service at frequencies below 20 Hz, were fabricated from a variety of materials having a low acoustic impedance, and tested against four specifications (the first three in a small wind tunnel): (1) wind-generated noise reduction (“insertion loss”) at a free-stream wind speed of 9.3 m/s, (2) transmission of low-frequency sound from a known source (subwoofer), (3) spectrum of sound generated from trailing vortices (aeolian tones), and (4) water absorption (to determine suitability for all-weather service). The operating principle is based on the high penetrating capability of infrasound through solid barriers. Windscreen materials included three woods (pine, cedar, and balsa), closed-cell polyurethane foam, and Space Shuttle tile material. The windscreen inside diameter ranged from 0.0254 to 0.1016 m (1 to 4 in.), and wall thickness from 0.003175 to 0.01905 m (1/8 to 3/4 in.). A windscreen made of closed-cell polyurethane foam revealed a wind noise reduction of 10–20 dB from 0.7 to 25 Hz, transmission coefficient near unity from 10 to 20 Hz, and spectral peaks beyond 20 Hz due to vortex-generated sound. Following a description of past methods, the principle of operation, and the experimental method, experimental data are presented for a variety of windscreens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRASONIC waves
KW  - ACOUSTIC impedance
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - TRANSMISSION of sound
N1  - Accession Number: 20263507; Shams, Qamar A. 1; Email Address: qamar.a.shams@nasa.gov; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 1; Sealey, Bradley S. 1; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, Virginia 23681;  Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 118 Issue 3, p1335; Subject Term: INFRASONIC waves; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC impedance; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION of sound; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.1992707
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bucur, Barbara
AU  - Allen, Philip A.
AU  - Sanders, Raymond E.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Murphy, Martin D.
T1  - Redundancy Gain and Coactivation in Bimodal Detection: Evidence for the Preservation of Coactive Processing in Older Adults.
JO  - Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences
JF  - Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 60
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - P279
EP  - P282
SN  - 10795014
AB  - Previous investigations of adult age differences in the redundant signals effect suggest that both older and younger adults benefit from the presentation of redundant information. However, age deficits in divided attention may cause older adults to process redundant information in a different manner. In the present experiment, we tested between two competing explanations for the redundant signals effect: separate activation and coactivation. To investigate this issue, we used a bimodal detection task in which the auditory signal was a 1000-Hz tone and the visual signal was an asterisk. Both age groups showed significant violations of Miller's race model inequality, providing evidence for coactivation. These results suggest that, despite age-related deficits in divided attention, the ability to coactivate information from bimodal signals is spared with increased age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELPING behavior
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - HUMAN behavior
KW  - INTERPERSONAL relations
KW  - HELP-seeking behavior
KW  - SOCIAL psychology
N1  - Accession Number: 18187115; Bucur, Barbara 1; Allen, Philip A. 1; Sanders, Raymond E. 1; Ruthruff, Eric 2; Murphy, Martin D. 1; Source Information: Sep2005, Vol. 60 Issue 5, pP279; Subject: HELPING behavior; Subject: OLDER people; Subject: HUMAN behavior; Subject: INTERPERSONAL relations; Subject: HELP-seeking behavior; Subject: SOCIAL psychology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Syndergaard, Stig
AU  - Kursinski, E. Robert
AU  - Herman, Benjamin M.
AU  - Lane, Emily M.
AU  - Flittner, David E.
T1  - A Refractive Index Mapping Operator for Assimilation of Occultation Data.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 133
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2650
EP  - 2668
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - This paper describes the details of a fast, linear, forward-inverse refractive index mapping operator that can be used for assimilation of occultation data of various kinds into NWP models. Basically, the mapping consists of the integration of the refractive index along finite straight lines, mimicking the observational geometry as well as the subsequent retrieval of a refractive index profile, assuming spherical symmetry. Line integrals are discretized such that the refractivity is evaluated along the horizontal at fixed levels that can be chosen to coincide with the pressure levels of an NWP model. Integration of the hydrostatic equation at a large number of locations is thereby avoided. The mapping operator is tested using an idealized model of a weather front with large horizontal gradients. Mapped refractivity profiles are compared with retrieved refractivity profiles obtained via accurate 3D ray tracing simulations of GPS radio occultation events with ray path tangent points near the weather front. The simulations indicate that the mapping is a good representation of occultation measurements, including the influence large horizontal gradients have on retrieved refractivity profiles. To further the results, a simple ad hoc modification is introduced to approximately account for the ray path bending near the tangent points. The forward-inverse mapping allows for the near cancellation of otherwise crude approximations—for example, straight-line propagation—and the general concept could perhaps be adapted for the development of fast and accurate observation operators for the assimilation of other types of remote sensing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Spherical astronomy
KW  - Euclid's elements
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 18339083; Syndergaard, Stig 1; Email Address: ssy@ucar.edu; Kursinski, E. Robert 2; Herman, Benjamin M. 2; Lane, Emily M. 3; Flittner, David E. 4; Affiliations: 1: COSMIC Project Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 2: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; 3: Center for Earth Systems Research, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 4: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 133 Issue 9, p2650; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Astronomy; Subject Term: Spherical astronomy; Subject Term: Euclid's elements; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping Zhu
AU  - Bretherton, Christopher S.
AU  - Köhler, Martin
AU  - Cheng, Anning
AU  - Chlond, Andreas
AU  - Quanzhen Geng
AU  - Austin, Phil
AU  - Golaz, Jean-Christophe
AU  - Lenderink, Geert
AU  - Lock, Adrian
AU  - Stevens, Bjorn
T1  - Intercomparison and Interpretation of Single-Column Model Simulations of a Nocturnal Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 133
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2741
EP  - 2758
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Ten single-column models (SCMs) from eight groups are used to simulate a nocturnal nonprecipitating marine stratocumulus-topped mixed layer as part of an intercomparison organized by the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study, Working Group 1. The case is idealized from observations from the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus II, Research Flight 1. SCM simulations with operational resolution are supplemented by high-resolution simulations and compared with observations and large-eddy simulations. All participating SCMs are able to maintain a sharp inversion and a mixed cloud-topped layer, although the moisture profiles show a slight gradient in the mixed layer and produce entrainment rates broadly consistent with observations, but the liquid water paths vary by a factor of 10 after only 1 h of simulation at both high and operational resolution. Sensitivity tests show insensitivity to activation of precipitation and shallow convection schemes in most models, as one would observationally expect for this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 18339078; Ping Zhu 1; Email Address: pzhu@cgd.ucar.edu; Bretherton, Christopher S. 1; Köhler, Martin 2; Cheng, Anning 3; Chlond, Andreas 4; Quanzhen Geng 5; Austin, Phil 5; Golaz, Jean-Christophe 6; Lenderink, Geert 7; Lock, Adrian 8; Stevens, Bjorn 9; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 2: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 5: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; 6: National Research Council, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California; 7: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands; 8: United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom; 9: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 133 Issue 9, p2741; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Braswell, Bobby H.
AU  - Davies, Roger
AU  - Gobron, Nadine
AU  - Hu, Jiannan
AU  - Jin, Yufang
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Muller, Jan-Peter
AU  - Nolin, Anne W.
AU  - Pinty, Bernard
AU  - Schaaf, Crystal B.
AU  - Seiz, Gabriela
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne
T1  - The value of multiangle measurements for retrieving structurally and radiatively consistent properties of clouds, aerosols, and surfaces
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/09/15/
VL  - 97
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 518
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Passive optical multiangle observations make possible the retrieval of scene structural characteristics that cannot be obtained with, or require fewer underlying assumptions than, single-angle sensors. Retrievable quantities include aerosol amount over a wide variety of surfaces (including bright targets); aerosol microphysical properties such as particle shape; geometrically-derived cloud-top heights and 3-D cloud morphologies; distinctions between polar clouds and ice; and textural measures of sea ice, ice sheets, and vegetation. At the same time, multiangle data are necessary for accurate retrievals of radiative quantities such as surface and top-of-atmosphere albedos, whose magnitudes are governed by structural characteristics of the reflecting media and which involve angular integration over intrinsically anisotropic intensity fields. Measurements of directional radiation streams also provide independent checks on model assumptions conventionally used in satellite retrievals, such as the application of 1-D radiative transfer theory, and provide data required to constrain more sophisticated, 3-D approaches. In this paper, the value of multiangle remote sensing in establishing physical correspondence and self-consistency between scene structural and radiative characteristics is demonstrated using simultaneous observations from instruments aboard NASA''s Terra satellite (MISR, CERES, ASTER, and MODIS). Illustrations pertaining to the remote sensing of clouds, aerosols, ice, and vegetation properties are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - ASTER
KW  - CERES
KW  - MISR
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Multiangle remote sensing
KW  - Terra
N1  - Accession Number: 18243779; Diner, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Diner@jpl.nasa.gov; Braswell, Bobby H. 2; Davies, Roger 1; Gobron, Nadine 3; Hu, Jiannan 4; Jin, Yufang 5; Kahn, Ralph A. 1; Knyazikhin, Yuri 4; Loeb, Norman 6; Muller, Jan-Peter 7; Nolin, Anne W. 8; Pinty, Bernard 3; Schaaf, Crystal B. 4; Seiz, Gabriela 9; Stroeve, Julienne 10; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; 2: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States; 3: Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy; 4: Boston University, Boston, MA, United States; 5: University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; 7: University College London, London, UK; 8: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States; 9: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland; 10: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Issue Info: Sep2005, Vol. 97 Issue 4, p495; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ASTER; Author-Supplied Keyword: CERES; Author-Supplied Keyword: MISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiangle remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.06.006
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jayaraman
AU  - M.
AU  - Radhika
AU  - V.
AU  - Bamne
AU  - M. N.
AU  - Ramos
AU  - R.
AU  - Briggs
AU  - Dhanasekaran
AU  - D. N.
T1  - Engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strain BioS-OS1/2, for the Detection of Oxidative Stress.
JO  - Biotechnology Progress
JF  - Biotechnology Progress
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1373
EP  - 1379
SN  - 87567938
AB  - One of the major stress factors during space and high-altitude flight is the oxidative damage caused by the release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) in human tissues. ROIs are released in response to several stress factors including radiation in space. Since ROIs contribute to several pathological conditions, there has been a great interest in developing a biosensor that can monitor the impact of ROIs on biological systems. Toward this goal, we sought to engineer a yeast stain that can monitor oxidative stress and be easily integrated into a biosensor platform. Saccharomyces cerevisiae respond to hyperoxidative stress by activating the expression of many proteins including the transcription factor, Yap1. Activated Yap1 primarily binds to the Yap-1 response elements in the promoters of genes that combat oxidative stress. Based on these observations, we genetically altered the Yap-1 pathway in the YCR094W BY4742 strain of S. cerevisiae by fusing the YREs in the promoter region of TRX2 gene to a cDNA-insert encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP). Exposure of this engineered yeast strain BioS-OS1 to varying levels of oxidative stress, as generated by different concentrations of H2O2 or diamide, elicits robust expression of GFP that can be monitored by the fluorescence of GFP by as early as 1 h. BioS-OS1 can detect a H2O2 concentration from 300 μM onward. We also show that the signaling strength of the strain can be increased by engineering multiple YREs in the upstream of the cDNA-insert encoding GFP. Thus, the results presented here demonstrate that the engineered BioS-OS yeast strain can detect ROI-generating oxidative stress and validate the use of this prototypic strain for the development of a biosensor to detect and monitor oxidative stress factors during space and high altitude flights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biotechnology Progress is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Green fluorescent protein
KW  - Oxidative stress
KW  - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
KW  - Transcription factors
N1  - Accession Number: 20126806; Jayaraman; M. 1; Radhika; V. 1; Bamne; M. N. 1; Ramos; R. 1; Briggs; Dhanasekaran; D. N. 1; Affiliations: 1: Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3307 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Oct2005, Vol. 21 Issue 5, p1373; Subject Term: Green fluorescent protein; Subject Term: Oxidative stress; Subject Term: Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Subject Term: Transcription factors; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chamis, Christos C.
AU  - Abumeri, Galib H.
T1  - Probabilistic dynamic buckling of composite shell structures
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 36
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1368
EP  - 1380
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: A computationally effective method is described to evaluate the probabilistic dynamic buckling of thin composite shells. The method is a judicious combination of available computer codes for finite element, composite mechanics and probabilistic structural analysis. The solution method is an incrementally updated Lagrangian. It is illustrated by applying it to a thin composite cylindrical shell subjected to dynamic loads. Both deterministic and probabilistic buckling loads are evaluated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. A universal plot is obtained for the specific shell that can be used to approximate buckling loads for different loading rates and different probability levels. Results from this plot show that the faster the rate, the higher the buckling load and the shorter the time. The lower the probability, the lower the buckling load for a specific time. Probabilistic sensitivity results show that the ply thickness, the fiber volume ratio, the fiber longitudinal modulus, dynamic load and loading rate are the dominant uncertainties in that order. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Composite mechanics
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Finite element analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 18286121; Chamis, Christos C. 1; Email Address: christos.c.chamis@grc.nasa.gov; Abumeri, Galib H. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 2: QSS Group, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Oct2005, Vol. 36 Issue 10, p1368; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2004.11.018
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tseng, H. Chris
AU  - Culpepper, B. Jack
T1  - Sinkhole intrusion in mobile ad hoc networks: The problem and some detection indicators
JO  - Computers & Security
JF  - Computers & Security
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 24
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 561
EP  - 570
SN  - 01674048
AB  - Abstract: We analyze the “sinkhole” problem in the context of the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol for wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). The sinkhole effect is caused by attempts to draw all network traffic to malicious nodes that broadcast fake shortest path routing information. Two reliable indicators of sinkhole intrusion are proposed and analyzed. We will study how these sinkholes may be detected and term such as sinkhole intrusion detection. One indicator is based on the sequence number in the routing message and the other one is related to the proportion of the routes that travel to a suspected node. Threshold values that imply possible sinkhole intrusion are derived for these two indicators. The simulation results show that the indicators are consistent and reliable for detecting sinkhole intrusion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Security is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOBILE communication systems
KW  - LOCAL area networks (Computer networks)
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - DISTRIBUTED computing
KW  - Dynamic source routing
KW  - Intrusion detection
KW  - Mobile ad hoc networks
KW  - Rule-based system
KW  - Sinkhole
N1  - Accession Number: 18865039; Tseng, H. Chris 1; Email Address: tseng@cs.sjsu.edu; Culpepper, B. Jack 2; Affiliations: 1: Computer Science Department, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA; 2: Neuro Engineering Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94305, USA; Issue Info: Oct2005, Vol. 24 Issue 7, p561; Thesaurus Term: MOBILE communication systems; Thesaurus Term: LOCAL area networks (Computer networks); Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER networks; Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTED computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic source routing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intrusion detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mobile ad hoc networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rule-based system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sinkhole; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cose.2005.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crumpler, L. S.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell, III, J. F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - DesMarais, D. J.
AU  - Farmer, J. D.
AU  - Fergason, R.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Grant, F. D.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Hahn, B.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Hurowitz, J. A.
AU  - Knudson, A. T.
AU  - Landis, G. A.
AU  - Li, R.
T1  - Mars Exploration Rover Geologic traverse by the Spirit rover in the Plains of Gusev Crater, Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 812
SN  - 00917613
AB  - The Spirit rover completed a 2.5 km traverse across gently sloping plains on the floor of Gusev crater from its location on the outer rim of Bonneville crater to the lower slopes of the Columbia Hills, Mars. Using the Athena suite of instruments in a transect approach, a systematic series of overlapping panoramic mosaics, remote sensing observations, sure face analyses, and trenching operations documented the lateral variations in landforms, geologic materials, and chemistry of the surface throughout the traverse, demonstrating the ability to apply the techniques of field geology by remote rover operations. Textures and shapes of rocks within the plains are consistent with derivation from impact excavation and mixing of the upper few meters of basaltic lavas. The contact between sure rounding plains and crater ejecta is generally abrupt and marked by increases in clast abundance and decimeter-scale steps in relief. Basaltic materials of the plains overlie less indurated and more altered rock types at a time-stratigraphic contact between the plains and Columbia Hills that occurs over a distance of one to two meters. This implies that regional geologic contacts are well preserved and that Earth-like field geologic mapping will be possible on Mars despite eons of overturn by small impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plains
KW  - Geology
KW  - Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Landforms
KW  - Lava
KW  - field geology
KW  - geotraverse
KW  - Mars
KW  - planetary geology
KW  - rover
N1  - Accession Number: 18500786; Crumpler, L. S. 1; Squyres, S. W. 2; Arvidson, R. E. 3; Bell, III, J. F. 1; Blaney, D. 4; Cabrol, N. A. 5; Christensen, P. R. 6; DesMarais, D. J. 7; Farmer, J. D. 6; Fergason, R. 6; Golombek, M. P. 4; Grant, F. D. 6; Grant, J. A. 8; Greeley, R. 6; Hahn, B. 9; Herkenhoff, K. E. 10; Hurowitz, J. A. 9; Knudson, A. T. 6; Landis, G. A. 7; Li, R. 11; Affiliations: 1: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, USA.; 2: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130.; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames/Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.; 6: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.; 7: National Space and Aeronautics Administration (NASA) Ames/Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.; 8: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.; 9: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.; 10: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA.; 11: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.; Issue Info: Oct2005, Vol. 33 Issue 10, p809; Thesaurus Term: Plains; Thesaurus Term: Geology; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Subject Term: Landforms; Subject Term: Lava; Author-Supplied Keyword: field geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: geotraverse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: rover; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G21673.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - White, Michael
T1  - Modeling the interannual variability and trends in gross and net primary productivity of tropical forests from 1982 to 1999
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 286
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Abstract: The role of tropical ecosystems in global carbon cycling is uncertain, at least partially due to an incomplete understanding of climatic forcings of carbon fluxes. To reduce this uncertainty, we simulated and analyzed 1982–1999 Amazonian, African, and Asian carbon fluxes using the Biome-BGC prognostic carbon cycle model driven by National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis daily climate data. We first characterized the individual contribution of temperature, precipitation, radiation, and vapor pressure deficit to interannual variations in carbon fluxes and then calculated trends in gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP). In tropical ecosystems, variations in solar radiation and, to a lesser extent, temperature and precipitation, explained most interannual variation in GPP. On the other hand, temperature followed by solar radiation primarily determined variation in NPP. Tropical GPP gradually increased in response to increasing atmospheric CO2. Confirming earlier studies, changes in solar radiation played a dominant role in CO2 uptake over the Amazon relative to other tropical regions. Model results showed negligible impacts from variations and trends in precipitation or vapor pressure deficits on CO2 uptake. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Biological productivity
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - climate change
KW  - gross primary productivity
KW  - net primary productivity
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem
KW  - tropical forest
N1  - Accession Number: 18343463; Ichii, Kazuhito 1; Email Address: kichii@arc.nasa.gov; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2; Nemani, Ramakrishna 3; White, Michael 4; Affiliations: 1: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA; 2: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA; 4: Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Issue Info: Oct2005, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p274; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Biological productivity; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: net primary productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical forest; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.02.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
AU  - Faircloth, Daniel L.
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar D.
T1  - Comparison of Two Optimization Techniques for the Estimation of Complex Permittivities of Multilayered Structures Using Waveguide Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
PY  - 2005/10//
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 53
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3254
EP  - 3259
SN  - 00189480
AB  - In this paper, two separate techniques, i.e., sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and a genetic algorithm (GA), were used to estimate the complex permittivity of each layer in a multilayer composite structure. The relative performance of the algorithms was characterized by applying each algorithm to one of three different error functions. Computer generated S-parameter data sets were initially used in order to establish the achievable accuracy of each algorithm. Based on these data sets and S-parameter measurements of single and multilayer samples obtained using a standard X-band waveguide procedure, the GA was determined to be the more robust algorithm in terms of minimizing rms error of measured/generated and formulated S-parameters. The GA was found to perform exceptionally well for all cases considered, whereas SQP, although a more computationally efficient method, was somewhat limited for two error function choices due to local minima trapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUADRATIC programming
KW  - NONLINEAR programming
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - COMBINATORIAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 18784942; Source Information: Oct2005, Vol. 53 Issue 10, p3254; Subject Term: QUADRATIC programming; Subject Term: NONLINEAR programming; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL analysis; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2005.855133
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Activity and Age on Long Bones Using a New Densitometric Technique.
AU  - Cleek, Tammy M.
AU  - Whalen, Robert T.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 37
IS  - 10
SP  - 1806
EP  - 1813
CY  - ; 
SN  - 01959131
N1  - Accession Number: SPHS-1014436; Author: Cleek, Tammy M.: 1 email: Tammy.Cleek@flinders.edu.au. Author: Whalen, Robert T.: 2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 School of Informatics and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia: 2 Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA, USA; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP1978; References: 30; General Notes: Applied sciences: physical fitness and performance. This study was supported by NASA Grant 199-26-12-34 and a Whitaker Foundation Graduate Fellowship to T.M. Cleek.; Publication Type: Article; Material Type: PRINT; Update Code: 20060601; SIRC Article No.: S-1014436
N2  - Introduction: Long bone structural parameters such as cross-sectional area or area moments of inertia are useful measures of long bone mechanical properties. We implemented a three-scan densitometric method to measure structural parameters in long bones of the lower leg in vivo. The validated method was applied to investigate the relationship between activity level, age, and long bone structural parameters in women. Methods: An aluminum phantom was used to estimate in vivo setup accuracy. In vivo precision was determined by same-day repeated measures on human subjects. For the activity study, women were recruited in two age groups (25-35, 60+yr) and two activity levels (recreational runners, nonrunners). Scans were taken of the middle third of the lower right leg; structural parameters for the tibia and fibula were determined at each scan line, averaged over the section, and adjusted by factors accounting for body size variations. Results: Aluminum phantom cross-sectional area was underestimated by 4-6 %, principal moments were underestimated by &lt; 5 %, and principal angles were within +/-1.2 degrees. In vivo precision results (lower energy, scans spanning 60 degrees) indicated coefficients of variation for cross-sectional area (A), principal moments of inertia (Imax, Imin), and polar moment of inertia (J) of 0.52, 5.87, 2.22, and 3.82 %, respectively. The activity study showed mean adjusted tibial A, Imax, Imin, and J were significantly higher in runners compared with nonrunners. There was no dependence on age. Conclusions: A three-scan densitometric method for measuring cross-sectional structural parameters in long bones in vivo was validated; accuracy and precision measurements establishes confidence limits. From the activity study results, we postulate that higher loads associated with running lead to increased cross-sectional parameters to support axial loads, bending, and torsion in the tibia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - *RUNNING
KW  - *PHYSICAL fitness
KW  - *EXERCISE
KW  - *BONES
KW  - *LEG
KW  - *TIBIA
KW  - *FIBULA
KW  - *ATHLETES
KW  - DENSITOMETRY
KW  - WOMEN
KW  - YOUNG adults
KW  - ADULTHOOD
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - AGE
KW  - NON-ATHLETE
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=S-1014436
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UR  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=S-1014436
UR  - http://www.wwilkins.com
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Aqueous Synthesis of Peptide Thioesters from Amino Acids and a Thiol Using 1,1′-Carbonyldiimidazole.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 427
SN  - 01696149
AB  - A new method was developed for the synthesis of peptide thioesters from free amino acids and thiols in water. This one-pot simple method involves two steps: (1) activation in water of an amino acid presumably as its N-carboxyanhydride (NCA) using 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), and (2) subsequent condensation of the activated amino acid-NCA in the presence of a thiol. With this method citrulline peptide thioesters containing up to 10 amino acid residues were prepared in a single reaction. This aqueous synthetic method provides a simple way to prepare peptide thioesters for studies of peptide replication involving ligation of peptide thioesters on peptide templates. The relevance of peptide replication to the origin-of-life process is supported by previous studies showing that amino acid thioesters (peptide thioester precursors) can be synthesized under prebiotic conditions by reaction of small sugars with ammonia and a thiol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - aqueous thioester synthesis
KW  - carbonyldiimidazole
KW  - origin of life
KW  - peptide
KW  - peptide thioester
KW  - thioester
N1  - Accession Number: 52535204; Weber, Arthur 1; Email Address: aweber@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, Mail Stop 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000 U.S.A.; Issue Info: Oct2005, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p421; Author-Supplied Keyword: aqueous thioester synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbonyldiimidazole; Author-Supplied Keyword: origin of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: peptide; Author-Supplied Keyword: peptide thioester; Author-Supplied Keyword: thioester; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-005-4070-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rongxing Li
AU  - Squyres, Steven W.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Archinal, Brent A.
AU  - Bell, Jim
AU  - Yang Cheng
AU  - Crumpler, Larry
AU  - des Marais, David J.
AU  - Kaichang Di
AU  - Ely, Todd A.
AU  - Golombek, Matt
AU  - Graat, Eric
AU  - Grant, John
AU  - Guinn, Joe
AU  - Johnson, Andrew
AU  - Greeley, Ron
AU  - Kirk, Randolph L.
AU  - Maimone, Mark
AU  - Matthies, Larry H.
AU  - Malin, Mike
T1  - Initial Results of Rover Localization and Topographic Mapping for the 2003 Mars Exploration Rover Mission.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 71
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1129
EP  - 1142
SN  - 00991112
AB  - This paper presents the initial results of lander and rover localization and topographic mapping of the MER 2003 mission (by Sol 225 for Spirit and Sol 206 for Opportunity). The Spirit rover has traversed a distance of 3.2 km (actual distance traveled instead of odometry) and Opportunity at 1.2 km. We localized the landers in the Gusev Crater and on the Meridiani Plan urn using two-way Doppler radio positioning technology and cartographic triangulations through landmarks visible in both orbital and ground images. Additional high-resolution orbital images were taken to verify the determined lander positions. Visual odometry and bundle-adjustment technologies were applied to overcome wheel slippages, azimuthal angle drift and other navigation errors (as large as 21 percent). We generated timely topographic products including 68 orthophoto maps and 3D Digital Terrain Models, eight horizontal rover traverse maps, vertical traverse profiles up to Sol 214 for Spirit and Sol 62 for Opportunity, and five 3D crater models. A web-based Ianding-site Geographic Information System (GIS) has been set up at The Ohio State University to update and disseminate the daily localization and topographic information to support tactical and strategic operations of the mission. Also described in this paper are applications of the data for science operations planning, geological traverse survey, survey of wind-related features, and other science applications. The majority of the instruments onboard both rovers are healthy at this moment, and they will continue to explore the two landing sites on the Martian surface. We expect to report further localization and topographic mapping results to be achieved in the rest of the mission period and in post-mission data processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - GEOGRAPHY
KW  - Topographic maps
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Information storage & retrieval systems
KW  - Columbus (Ohio)
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Ohio State University
N1  - Accession Number: 18580146; Rongxing Li 1; Email Address: li282@osu.edu; Squyres, Steven W. 2; Arvidson, Raymond E. 3; Archinal, Brent A. 4; Bell, Jim 2; Yang Cheng 5; Crumpler, Larry 6; des Marais, David J. 7; Kaichang Di 1; Ely, Todd A. 5; Golombek, Matt 5; Graat, Eric 5; Grant, John 8; Guinn, Joe 5; Johnson, Andrew 5; Greeley, Ron 9; Kirk, Randolph L. 4; Maimone, Mark 5; Matthies, Larry H. 5; Malin, Mike 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.; 2: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.; 3: Washington University, St. Louis, MO.; 4: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ.; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.; 6: New Mexico Museum of Atural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM.; 7: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.; 8: Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; 9: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.; 10: Maim Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA.; Issue Info: Oct2005, Vol. 71 Issue 10, p1129; Thesaurus Term: Geographic information systems; Thesaurus Term: GEOGRAPHY; Subject Term: Topographic maps; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Information storage & retrieval systems; Subject: Columbus (Ohio); Subject: Ohio ; Company/Entity: Ohio State University; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, H.D.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - Drilling in ancient permafrost on Mars for evidence of a second genesis of life
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 53
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1302
EP  - 1308
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: If life ever existed on Mars, a key question is the genetic relationship of that life to life on Earth. To determine if Martian life represents a separate, second genesis of life requires the analysis of organisms, not fossils. Ancient permafrost on Mars represents one potential source of intact, albeit probably dead by radiation, Martian organisms. Strong crustal magnetism in the ancient heavily cratered southern highlands between 60 and 80°S and at about 180°W indicates what may be the oldest, best preserved ice-rich permafrost on Mars. Drilling to depths of 1000m would reach samples unaffected by possible warming due to cyclic changes in Mars’ obliquity. When drilling into the permafrost to retrieve ancient intact Martian organisms, it is necessary to take special precautions to avoid the possibility of contamination. Earth permafrost provides an analog for Martian permafrost and convenient sites for instrument development and field testing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Frozen ground
KW  - Genetics
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Ice
KW  - Mars
KW  - Search for life
N1  - Accession Number: 18285127; Smith, H.D. 1,2; Email Address: hdsmith@mail.arc.nasa.gov; McKay, C.P. 3; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: International Space University, Strasbourg, France; 3: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2005, Vol. 53 Issue 12, p1302; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Frozen ground; Thesaurus Term: Genetics; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search for life; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2005.07.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
T1  - Palaeobiology: Sea change in sediments.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/10/06/
VL  - 437
IS  - 7060
M3  - Article
SP  - 826
EP  - 827
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Examines the microorganisms that were the sole forms of life on the early Earth survived billions of years of profound environmental change. Adaptability of the microorganisms on an ocean floor; Geochemical evidence of changes in the composition of Earth's oceans and atmosphere that occurred over a long period around two billion years ago; Use of the reduced inorganic compounds to harvest energy for the synthesis of their cellular constituents.
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Developmental biology
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Microorganisms -- Development
N1  - Accession Number: 18506930; Des Marais, David J. 1; Email Address: david.j.desmarais@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch and the NASA Astrobiology Institute, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: 10/6/2005, Vol. 437 Issue 7060, p826; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Thesaurus Term: Developmental biology; Thesaurus Term: Global environmental change; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Subject Term: Microorganisms -- Development; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/437826b
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harker, David E.
AU  - Woodward, Charles E.
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
T1  - The Dust Grains from 9P/Tempel 1 Before and After the Encounter with Deep Impact.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/10/14/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5746
M3  - Article
SP  - 278
EP  - 280
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Gemini-N observed the properties of dust ejected from the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after its encounter with Deep Impact. Marked changes were seen in the 7.8- to 13-micrometer spectral energy distribution and derived grain properties of the inner coma. A strong, broad silicate feature dominated by emission from amorphous pyroxene, amorphous olivine, and magnesium-rich crystalline olivine had developed by 1 hour after impact. The ejected dust mass is ≅10[sup 4] to 10[sup 6] kilograms on the basis of our models. Twenty-six hours later the silicate feature had faded, leaving a smooth featureless spectrum, similar to that observed before the impact, suggesting that the impact did not produce a new active region releasing small particles on the nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - Comets
KW  - Spectral energy distribution
KW  - Imaging systems in astronomy
KW  - Astrotomography
N1  - Accession Number: 18673123; Harker, David E. 1; Email Address: dharker@ucsd.edu; Woodward, Charles E. 2; Wooden, Diane H. 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Department 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA.; 2: Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Issue Info: 10/14/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5746, p278; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Oceanography; Subject Term: Comets; Subject Term: Spectral energy distribution; Subject Term: Imaging systems in astronomy; Subject Term: Astrotomography; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Griffith, C. A.
AU  - Penteado, P.
AU  - Baines, K.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Barnes, J.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.
AU  - Brown, R.
AU  - Buratti, B.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Clark, R.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.
AU  - McCord, T.
T1  - The Evolution of Titan's Mid-Latitude Clouds.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/10/21/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5747
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
EP  - 477
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal that the horizontal structure, height, and optical depth of Titan's clouds are highly dynamic. Vigorous cloud centers are seen to rise from the middle to the upper troposphere within 30 minutes and dissipate within the next hour. Their development indicates that Titan's clouds evolve convectively; dissipate through rain; and, over the next several hours, waft downwind to achieve their great longitude extents. These and other characteristics suggest that temperate clouds originate from circulation-induced convergence, in addition to a forcing at the surface associated with Saturn's tides, geology, and/or surface composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Geology
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Spherical astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 18704097; Griffith, C. A. 1; Penteado, P. 1; Baines, K. 2; Drossart, P. 3; Barnes, J. 1; Bellucci, G. 4; Bibring, J. 5; Brown, R. 1; Buratti, B. 2; Capaccioni, F. 6; Cerroni, P. 6; Clark, R. 7; Combes, M. 3; Coradini, A. 6; Cruikshank, D. 8; Formisano, V. 4; Jaumann, R. 9; Langevin, Y. 5; Matson, D. 2; McCord, T. 10; Affiliations: 1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 3: Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Jannsen, Meudon, France.; 4: Instituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interptanetario, Consiglio Nationale delle Richerche (CNR), Rome, Italy.; 5: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.; 6: Instituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, CNR, Rome, Italy.; 7: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA.; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, Mountain View, CA, USA.; 9: Institute of Planetary Exploration, German Aerospace Center, Germany.; 10: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Issue Info: 10/21/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5747, p474; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Geology; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Spherical astronomy; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3685
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, S.G.
AU  - Birkedal, V.
AU  - Wang, C.S.
AU  - Coldren, L.A.
AU  - Maslov, A.V.
AU  - Citrin, D.S.
AU  - Sherwin, M.S.
T1  - Quantum Coherence in an Optical Modulator.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/10/28/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5748
M3  - Article
SP  - 651
EP  - 653
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Semiconductor quantum well electroabsorption modulators are widely used to modulate near-infrared (NIR) radiation at frequencies below 0.1 terahertz (THz). Here, the NIR absorption of undoped quantum wells was modulated by strong electric fields with frequencies between 1.5 and 3.9 THz. The THz field coupled two excited states (excitons) of the quantum wells, as manifested by a new THz frequency- and power-dependent NIR absorption line. Nonperturbative theory and experiment indicate that the THz field generated a coherent quantum superposition of an absorbing and a nonabsorbing exciton. This quantum coherence may yield new applications for quantum well modulators in optical communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Quantum optics
KW  - Optical communications
KW  - Semiconductors
KW  - Telecommunication
KW  - Quantum wells
N1  - Accession Number: 18800063; Carter, S.G. 1; Birkedal, V. 1; Wang, C.S. 2; Coldren, L.A. 2; Maslov, A.V. 3; Citrin, D.S. 4,5; Sherwin, M.S. 1; Email Address: sherwin@physics.ucsb.edu; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department and Institute for Quantum and Complex Dynamics (iQCD), Broida Hall Building 572, Room 3410, USA.; 2: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.; 3: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 4: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, CA 30332, USA.; 5: Georgia Tech Lorraine, Metz Technopole, 2-3 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France.; Issue Info: 10/28/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5748, p651; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Subject Term: Quantum optics; Subject Term: Optical communications; Subject Term: Semiconductors; Subject Term: Telecommunication; Subject Term: Quantum wells; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811213 Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3176
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shvedova, Anna A.
AU  - Kisin, Elena R.
AU  - Mercer, Robert
AU  - Murray, Ashley R.
AU  - Johnson, Victor J.
AU  - Potapovich, Alla I.
AU  - Tyurina, Yulia Y.
AU  - Gorelik, Olga
AU  - Arepalli, Sevaram
AU  - Schwegler-Berry, Diane
AU  - Hubbs, Ann F.
AU  - Antonini, James
AU  - Evans, Douglas E.
AU  - Boneki Ku
AU  - Ramsey, Dawn
AU  - Maynard, Andrew
AU  - Kagan, Valerian E.
AU  - Castranova, Vincent
AU  - Baron, Paul
T1  - Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - L698
EP  - L708
SN  - 10400605
AB  - Singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are new materials of emerging technological importance. As SWCNT are introduced into the life cycle of commercial products, their effects on human health and environment should be addressed. We demonstrated that pharyngeal aspiration of SWCNT elicited unusual pulmonary effects in C57BL/6 mice that combined a robust but acute inflammation with early onset yet progressive fibrosis and granulomas. A dose-dependent increase in the protein, LDH, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities in bronchoalveolar lavage were found along with accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (oxidative biomarker) and depletion of glutathione in lungs. An early neutrophils accumulation (day I), followed by lymphocyte (day 3) and macrophage (day 7) influx, was accompanied by early elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β day 1) followed by fibrogenic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (peaked on day 7). A rapid progressive fibrosis found in mice exhibited two distinct morphologies: 1) SWCNT-induced granulomas mainly associated with hypertrophied epithelial cells surrounding SWCNT aggregates and 2) diffuse interstitial fibrosis and alveolar wall thickening likely associated with dispersed SWCNT. In vitro exposure of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages to SWCNT triggered TGF-β1 production similarly to zymosan but generated less TNF-α and IL-1γ. SWCNT did not cause superoxide or NO production, active SWCNT engulfment, or apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Functional respiratory deficiencies and decreased bacterial clearance (Listeria monocytogenes) were found in mice treated with SWCNT. Equal doses of ultrafine carbon black particles or fine crystalline silica (SiO2) did not induce granulomas or alveolar wall thickening and caused a significantly weaker pulmonary inflammation and damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - INFLAMMATION
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage
KW  - cytokines
KW  - microbial infection
KW  - nanoparticles
N1  - Accession Number: 18751449; Shvedova, Anna A. 1; Email Address: AShvedova@cdc.gov; Kisin, Elena R. 1; Mercer, Robert 1; Murray, Ashley R. 1; Johnson, Victor J. 1; Potapovich, Alla I. 2,3; Tyurina, Yulia Y. 2,3; Gorelik, Olga 4; Arepalli, Sevaram 4; Schwegler-Berry, Diane 1; Hubbs, Ann F. 1; Antonini, James 1; Evans, Douglas E. 5; Boneki Ku 5; Ramsey, Dawn 5; Maynard, Andrew 5; Kagan, Valerian E. 2,3; Castranova, Vincent 1,3; Baron, Paul 5; Source Information: Nov2005, Vol. 33 Issue 5, pL698; Subject: NANOTUBES; Subject: CARBON compounds; Subject: INFLAMMATION; Subject: TECHNOLOGY; Subject: BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage; Author-Supplied Keyword: cytokines; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial infection; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoparticles; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 14 Black and White Photographs, 25 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajplung.00084.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Alexander, M. J.
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - Mahoney, M. J.
T1  - Small-scale gravity waves in ER-2 MMS/MTP wind and temperature measurements during CRYSTAL-FACE.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 11377
EP  - 11412
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - ER-2 MMS and MTP wind and temperature measurements during the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign in July 2002 were analyzed to retrieve information on small scale gravity waves (GWs) at aircraft's flight level. For a given flight segment, the S-transform was used to search for and identify small horizontal scale GW events, and to estimate the apparent horizontal wavelengths of the events. The horizontal propagation directions of the events were determined using the Stokes parameters method combined with the cross S-transform analysis. The MTP temperature gradient method was used to determine the vertical wavelengths of the events. GW momentum fluxes were calculated from the cross S-transform. Other wave parameters such as intrinsic frequencies were calculated using the GW dispersion relation. More than 100 GW events were identified. They were generally short horizontal scale and high frequency waves with λz of ∼5 km and λh generally shorter than 20 km. Their intrinsic propagation directions were predominantly toward the east, whereas their ground-based propagation directions were primarily toward the west. Among the events, ∼20% of them had very short horizontal wavelength (<10 km), very high intrinsic frequency (ω/N≥0.8), and relatively small momentum fluxes, and thus they were likely trapped in the lower stratosphere. The averaged magnitude of vertical flux of horizontal momentum was ∼0.026 kg m-1 s-2, and the maximum magnitude was ∼0.13 kg m-1 s-2. Using the estimated GW parameters and the background winds and stabilities from the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, we were able to trace the sources of the events using a simple reverse ray-tracing. More than 70% of the events were traced back to convective sources in the troposphere, and the sources were generally located upstream to the events. Finally, a probability density function of GW cooling rates was obtained in this study, which may be used in cirrus cloud models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Winds -- Measurement
KW  - Temperature measurements
KW  - Gravity waves
N1  - Accession Number: 21388476; Wang, L. 1; Email Address: lwang@cora.nwra.com; Alexander, M. J. 1; Bui, T. P. 2; Mahoney, M. J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Colorado Research Associates Division, NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett, CA 94035, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 6, p11377; Thesaurus Term: Hydrodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Winds -- Measurement; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swartz, W. H.
AU  - Yee, J.-H.
AU  - Randall, C. E.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
AU  - Browell, E. V.
AU  - Burris, J. F.
AU  - McGee, T. J.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
T1  - Comparison of high-latitude line-of-sight ozone column density with derived ozone fields and the effects of horizontal inhomogeneity.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 11617
EP  - 11642
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Extensive ozone measurements were made during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II). We compare high-latitude line-of-sight (LOS) slant column ozone measurements from the NASA DC-8 to ozone simulated by forward integration of measurement-derived ozone fields constructed both with and without the assumption of horizontal homogeneity. The average bias and rms error of the simulations assuming homogeneity are relatively small (-6 and 10%, respectively) in comparison to the LOS measurements. The comparison improves significantly (-2% bias; 8% rms error) using forward integrations of three-dimensional proxy ozone fields reconstructed from potential vorticity-O3 correlations. The comparisons provide additional verification of the proxy fields and quantify the influence of large-scale ozone inhomogeneity. The spatial inhomogeneity of the atmosphere is a source of error in the retrieval of trace gas vertical profiles and column abundance from LOS measurements, as well as a complicating factor in intercomparisons that include LOS measurements at large solar zenith angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - Ozone
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Gases
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Zenith distance
N1  - Accession Number: 21388482; Swartz, W. H. 1; Email Address: bill.swartz@jhuapl.edu; Yee, J.-H. 1; Randall, C. E. 2; Shetter, R. E. 3; Browell, E. V. 4; Burris, J. F. 5; McGee, T. J. 5; Avery, M. A. 4; Affiliations: 1: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 6, p11617; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Gases; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Subject Term: Zenith distance; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Pang-Ning Tan
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
AU  - Kucharik, Chris
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Cohen, Warren
AU  - Healey, Sean
T1  - Recent History of Large-Scale Ecosystem Disturbances in North America Derived from the AVHRR Satellite Record.
JO  - Ecosystems
JF  - Ecosystems
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 808
EP  - 824
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14329840
AB  - Ecosystem structure and function are strongly affected by disturbance events, many of which in North America are associated with seasonal temperature extremes, wildfires, and tropical storms. This study was conducted to evaluate patterns in a 19-year record of global satellite observations of vegetation phenology from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) as a means to characterize major ecosystem disturbance events and regimes. The fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) by vegetation canopies worldwide has been computed at a monthly time interval from 1982 to 2000 and gridded at a spatial resolution of 8–km globally. Potential disturbance events were identified in the FPAR time series by locating anomalously low values (FPAR-LO) that lasted longer than 12 consecutive months at any 8-km pixel. We can find verifiable evidence of numerous disturbance types across North America, including major regional patterns of cold and heat waves, forest fires, tropical storms, and large-scale forest logging. Summed over 19 years, areas potentially influenced by major ecosystem disturbances (one FPAR-LO event over the period 1982–2000) total to more than 766,000 km2. The periods of highest detection frequency were 1987–1989, 1995–1997, and 1999. Sub-continental regions of the Pacific Northwest, Alaska, and Central Canada had the highest proportion (>90%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in forests, tundra shrublands, and wetland areas. The Great Lakes region showed the highest proportion (39%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in cropland areas, whereas the western United States showed the highest proportion (16%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in grassland areas. Based on this analysis, an historical picture is emerging of periodic droughts and heat waves, possibly coupled with herbivorous insect outbreaks, as among the most important causes of ecosystem disturbance in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ecosystems is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ecological disturbances
KW  - Plant phenology
KW  - Advanced very high resolution radiometers
KW  - Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Plant canopies
KW  - North America
KW  - Great Lakes (North America)
KW  - drought
KW  - ecosystem disturbance
KW  - fire
KW  - forests
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 18843134; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Pang-Ning Tan 2; Kumar, Vipin 2; Kucharik, Chris 3; Klooster, Steven 4; Genovese, Vanessa 4; Cohen, Warren 5; Healey, Sean 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA; 3: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA; 4: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside 93955, California, USA; 5: USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; Issue Info: Nov2005, Vol. 8 Issue 7, p808; Thesaurus Term: Ecological disturbances; Thesaurus Term: Plant phenology; Thesaurus Term: Advanced very high resolution radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); Thesaurus Term: Phenology; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Plant canopies; Subject: North America; Subject: Great Lakes (North America); Author-Supplied Keyword: drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: forests; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10021-005-0041-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Young, Russell J.
AU  - Grant, William B.
AU  - Severance, Kurt
T1  - Aerosol Transport in the California Central Valley Observed by Airborne Lidar.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/11//11/1/2005
VL  - 39
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 8351
EP  - 8357
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - An aerosol lidar system was deployed on the NASA DC-8 and used to measure aerosol vertical profiles in the California Central Valley. The nadir-pointing Nd:YAG lidar operated at 532 and 1064 nm at 20 Hz. The resulting aerosol profiles were plotted in a unique three-dimensional format that allowed the visual observation of the aerosol scattering ratio profiles, the valley topography, and corresponding backward trajectory air masses. The accumulation of aerosols from the Bakersfield area can be seen in the southern end of the valley due to topography and prevailing winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atomization
KW  - Atomizers
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 19242157; de Young, Russell J. 1; Email Address: russell.j.deyoung@nasa.gov; Grant, William B. 1,2; Severance, Kurt 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; 2: Systems Engineering Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; 3: Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research, 2107 Van Ness Ave., Suite 403B, San Francisco, California 94109.; Issue Info: 11/1/2005, Vol. 39 Issue 21, p8351; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atomization; Thesaurus Term: Atomizers; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject: California; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es048740l
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xidong Tang
AU  - Gang Tao
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Virtual Grouping Based, Adaptive Actuator Failure Compensation for MIMO Nonlinear Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
PY  - 2005/11//
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1775
EP  - 1780
SN  - 00189286
AB  - A new control design technique called virtual grouping is presented to handle actuator redundancy and failures for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, enlarging the set of compensable actuator failures. An adaptive compensation scheme is thus developed for a class of nonlinear MIMO systems to ensure closed-loop signal boundedness and asymptotic output tracking despite unknown actuator failures. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the adaptive design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - MICROACTUATORS
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 19153912; Source Information: Nov2005, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p1775; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: MICROACTUATORS; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAC.2005.858633
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubaai, Ahmed
AU  - Ofoli, Abdul R.
AU  - Cobbinah, Donatus
AU  - Kankam, Mark David
T1  - Two-Layer Supervisory Controller-Based Thyristor- Controlled B raking Resistor for Transient Stability Crisis.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Y1  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1547
SN  - 00939994
AB  - In this paper, a supervisory two-layer control structure is synthesized with network elements as control means for thyristor-controlled braking resistor (BR) of multimachine power system operating in transient emergency state. This creates a multiple local feedback controller that can be realistically implemented using only local measurements and whose performance is consistent with respect to changes in network configuration, loading, and power transfer conditions. Following a major disturbance, the rotor angle and rotor speed of each generator unit are determined and the firing angle of the thyristor switch associated with the BR is computed by the local controllers. By controlling the firing angle of the thyristor, the BR controls the accelerating power in each generator and, thus, enhances the stability margins and damping oscillations. Since the local controllers rely only on measurements particular to their own subsystem, interconnection effects and the nonlinearities introduced by them are accounted for by the supervisory layer. The two-layer controller was tested on the IEEE Western States Coordinating Council (WSCC) test system. Results show that the controller is capable of bringing the system under control when starting with inherently unstable conditions, even when the severity of the disturbances is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - ELECTRIC contactors
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - Braking resistor (BR)
KW  - firing angle
KW  - hierarchical structure
KW  - optimal control
KW  - thyristor switch
KW  - transient stability crisis
N1  - Accession Number: 19171745; Rubaai, Ahmed 1; Email Address: arubaai@howard.edu; Ofoli, Abdul R. 1; Cobbinah, Donatus 1; Kankam, Mark David 2; Email Address: mark.d.kankam@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 USA.; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Issue Info: Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1539; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC contactors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Braking resistor (BR); Author-Supplied Keyword: firing angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: hierarchical structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: thyristor switch; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient stability crisis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIA.2005.857465
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Waters, Kendall R.
AU  - Johnston, Patrick H.
T1  - Tomographic Imaging of an Ultrasonic Field in a Plane by Use of a Linear Array: Theory and Experiment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control
PY  - 2005/11//
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 52
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2065
EP  - 2074
SN  - 08853010
AB  - Quantitative ultrasonic characterization of inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials is often difficult due to undesired phenomena such as beam steering and phase aberration of the insonifying field. We introduce a method based on tomographic reconstruction techniques for the visualization of an ultrasonic field using a linear array rotated in a plane. Tomographic reconstruction of the ultrasonic field is made possible through the phase-sensitive nature of the tall, narrow piezoelectric elements of a linear array that act as parallel line integrators of the pressure field. We validate the proposed imaging method through numerical simulations of propagated ultrasonic fields based upon the angular spectrum decomposition technique. We then demonstrate the technique with experimental measurements of two textile composites and a reference water path. We reconstruct images of the real and imaginary parts of a transmitted 2 MHz ultrasonic field that are then combined to reconstruct images of the power and unwrapped phase. We also construct images of the attenuation and phase shift for several regions of the composites. Our results demonstrate that tomographic imaging of an ultrasonic field in a plane using a rotated linear array can potentially improve ultrasonic characterization of complex materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONIC imaging
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - ULTRASONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 19143675; Source Information: Nov2005, Vol. 52 Issue 11, p2065; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC imaging; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, Lewis R.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Rivers, S. Melissa
T1  - Off-Design Reynolds Number Effects for a Supersonic Transport.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
Y1  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1427
EP  - 1441
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A high-Reynolds-number wind-tunnel investigation was conducted to assess Reynolds-number effects on the aerodynamic performance characteristics of a realistic, second-generation, supersonic transport concept. The tests included longitudinal studies at transonic and low-speed, high-lift conditions across a range of chord Reynolds numbers (8 x 106 to 120 x 106). Results presented focus on Reynolds-number and static aeroelastic sensitivities at Mach 0.30 and 0.90 for a configuration without a tail. Static aeroelastic effects, which mask Reynolds-number effects, were observed. Reynolds-number effects were generally small, and the drag data followed established trends of skin friction as a function of Reynolds number. Wing boundary layers thinned as Reynolds number increased producing a more nose-down pitching moment because of the increased effective wing camber. This study extends the existing Reynolds-number database for supersonic transports operating at off-design conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes
N1  - Accession Number: 19435901; Source Information: Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1427; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 18 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhargava, C.
AU  - Loth, E.
AU  - Potapczuk, M.
T1  - Numerical Simulation of Icing Clouds in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
Y1  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1442
EP  - 1451
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The objective of this study was to develop and employ a numerical simulation strategy for predicting the liquid water content (LWC) at the test-section plane of the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) as well as to characterize the icing cloud uniformity as a function of tunnel speed, droplet size, etc. The droplets were injected with a polydisperse distribution and based on previous computational airflow results, which included the spray-bar wakes, the air jets, and the heat-exchanger flow. To simulate the effects of turbulent diffusion behavior of water droplets in the IRT, a continuous-random-walk methodology was employed, which corrects for nonhomogeneous turbulence. To first understand the cloud dynamics emanating from isolated nozzles, experiments and simulations were conducted with only four injectors spraying in the IRT. The simulations showed good representation of the width and position (though not necessarily the shape) of the individual spray clouds at the test-section plane. Next, droplets issued by the baseline group of spray nozzles were simulated in order to determine the test-section LWC distributions which in turn were used to compare with experiments. The simulations indicated the importance of including turbulent diffusion, and that increased tunnel speed and droplet size tended to reduce overall uniformity, which was generally consistent with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC diffusion
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 19435902; Source Information: Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1442; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC diffusion; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
AU  - Piatak, David J.
AU  - Scott, Robert C.
T1  - Identification of Experimental Unsteady Aerodynamic Impulse Responses.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
Y1  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1548
EP  - 1552
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The identification of experimental unsteady aerodynamic impulse responses using the Oscillating Turntable (OTT) at NASA Langley's Transonic Dynamics Tunnel is described. Results are presented for two configurations: a rigid semispan model and a rectangular wing with a supercritical airfoil section. Both models were used to acquire unsteady pressure data caused by pitching oscillations on the OTT. A deconvolution scheme involving a step input in pitch and the resultant step response in pressure, for several pressure transducers, is used to identify the pressure impulse responses. The identified impulse responses are then used to predict the pressure response caused by pitching oscillations at several frequencies. Comparisons with the experimental data are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
N1  - Accession Number: 19435915; Source Information: Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1548; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald
T1  - eXtreme Project Management: Using Leadership, Principles, and Tools to Deliver Value in the Face of Reality.
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 22
IS  - 6
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 542
EP  - 544
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 07376782
AB  - Reviews the book "EXtreme Project Management: Using Leadership, Principles, and Tools to Deliver Value in the Face of Reality," by Doug DeCarlo.
KW  - PROJECT management
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - DECARLO, Doug
KW  - EXTREME Project Management: Using Leadership, Principles & Tools to Deliver Value in the Face of Reality (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 18613595; Mulenburg, Gerald 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: Nov2005, Vol. 22 Issue 6, p542; Thesaurus Term: PROJECT management; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: EXTREME Project Management: Using Leadership, Principles & Tools to Deliver Value in the Face of Reality (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541619 Other management consulting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; People: DECARLO, Doug; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2005.00150_4.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, R.C.
AU  - Zent, A.P.
AU  - Grunthaner, F.J.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
AU  - Taylor, C.L.
AU  - Garry, J.R.C.
T1  - Detection and characterization of oxidizing acids in the Atacama Desert using the Mars Oxidation Instrument
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1376
EP  - 1388
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We have performed field experiments to further develop and validate the Mars Oxidation Instrument (MOI) as well as measurement strategies for the in situ characterization of oxidation mechanisms, kinetics, and carbon cycling on Mars. Using the Atacama Desert as a test site for the current dry conditions on Mars, we characterized the chemical reactivity of surface and near-surface atmosphere in the dry core of the Atacama. MOI is a chemiresistor-based sensor array that measures the reaction rates of chemical films that are sensitive to particular types of oxidants or that mimic chemical characteristics of pre-biotic and biotic materials. With these sensors, the chemical reactivity of a planetary environment is characterized by monitoring the resistance of the film as a function of time. Our instrumental approach correlates reaction rates with dust abundance, UV flux, humidity, and temperature, allowing discrimination between competing hypotheses of oxidant formation and organic decomposition. The sensor responses in the Atacama are consistent with an oxidative attack by strong acids triggered by dust accumulation, followed by transient wetting due to an increase in relative humidity during the night. We conclude that in the Atacama Desert, and perhaps on Mars, low pH resulting from acid accumulation, combined with limited water availability and high oxidation potential, can result in oxidizing acid reactions on dust and soil surfaces during low-moisture transient wetting events (i.e. thin films of water). These soil acids are expected to play a significant role in the oxidizing nature of the soils, the formation of mineral surface coatings, and the chemical modification of organics in the surface material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Acid deposition
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Mars instrument
KW  - Oxidant
N1  - Accession Number: 18730812; Quinn, R.C. 1,2; Email Address: rquinn@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Zent, A.P. 3; Grunthaner, F.J. 4; Ehrenfreund, P. 2; Taylor, C.L. 1; Garry, J.R.C. 2; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Astrobiology Group, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: In Situ Exploration Technology Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Issue Info: Nov2005, Vol. 53 Issue 13, p1376; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Acid deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars instrument; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidant; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2005.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Townes-Young, Katrina L.
AU  - Ewing, Virginia R.
T1  - NASA LIVE Creating a Global Classroom.
JO  - T H E Journal
JF  - T H E Journal
J1  - T H E Journal
PY  - 2005/11//
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 45
SN  - 0192592X
AB  - This article focuses on the significance of NASA LIVE, a videoconferencing program produced by National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Center for Distance Learning in Hampton, Virginia for researchers and students. It is designed for K-12 educators and students, allowing teachers and students to interact with NASA experts in a virtual setting as they engage in a variety of topics and hands-on activities connecting science-, technology-, engineering-, and mathematics-related content to NASA research and careers.
KW  - VIDEOCONFERENCING
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - DISTANCE education
KW  - EDUCATIONAL technology
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 19094091; Source Information: Nov2005, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p43; Subject Term: VIDEOCONFERENCING; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: DISTANCE education; Subject Term: EDUCATIONAL technology; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; ; Document Type: Article; ; Full Text Word Count: 1600; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apai, Daniel
AU  - Pascucci, Ilaria
AU  - Bouwman, Jeroen
AU  - Natta, Antonella
AU  - Henning, Thomas
AU  - Dullemond, Cornelis P.
T1  - The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/11/04/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5749
M3  - Article
SP  - 834
EP  - 836
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The onset of planet formation in protoplanetary disks is marked by the growth and crystallization of sub-micrometer-sized dust grains accompanied by dust settling toward the disk mid-plane. Here, we present infrared spectra of disks around brown dwarfs and brown dwarf candidates. We show that all three processes occur in such cool disks in a way similar or identical to that in disks around low- and intermediate-mass stars. These results indicate that the onset of planet formation extends to disks around brown dwarfs, suggesting that planet formation is a robust process occurring in most young circumstellar disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Protoplanetary disks
KW  - Accretion (Astrophysics)
KW  - Brown dwarf stars
KW  - Planets
KW  - Crystallization
KW  - Physical & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 18877678; Apai, Daniel 1,2; Email Address: apai@as.arizona.edu; Pascucci, Ilaria 1; Bouwman, Jeroen 3; Natta, Antonella 4; Henning, Thomas 3; Dullemond, Cornelis P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.; 2: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 3: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany.; 4: Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Institute Nazionale di Astrofisica, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.; Issue Info: 11/4/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5749, p834; Subject Term: Protoplanetary disks; Subject Term: Accretion (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Brown dwarf stars; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Crystallization; Subject Term: Physical & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2661
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoon, Soon-Chang
AU  - Won, Jae-Gwang
AU  - Omar, Ali H.
AU  - Kim, Sang-Woo
AU  - Sohn, Byung-Ju
T1  - Estimation of the radiative forcing by key aerosol types in worldwide locations using a column model and AERONET data
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2005/11/11/
VL  - 39
IS  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 6620
EP  - 6630
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: The aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) is calculated using aerosol robotic network (AERONET) data, and based on aerosol categorization results, the global ADRF is estimated. The CRM-2.1.2, a stand-alone version of the radiative transfer model implemented in NCAR''s community climate model, CCM-3.6, is used for the evaluation. A method of determining the aerosol optical parameters is proposed for the ADRF calculation using AERONET data. Linear regression in the log–log plane makes it possible to represent the wavelength-dependent optical properties in the model using AERONET measurements. The local ADRF is estimated at Gosan, Jeju in Korea in Spring from 2001 to 2003, and the ground-based radiation measurements during the ACE-Asia IOP are used to validate the calculation. Using 3 years of AERONET data, the mean forcing efficiency at 500nm at Gosan in Spring season is evaluated as −80.5±13.2Wm−2 at the surface and −29.9±4.9Wm−2 at the top of atmosphere (TOA). The seasonal variations of the ADRF at eight AERONET sites are calculated from AERONET climatology data. The ADRF calculation at the TOA is compared with the CERES/Terra measurement, and the comparison verifies that the methodology used in this study is suitable for the global ADRF evaluation. Finally, the ADRF values in 14 regions are evaluated. Large ADRF values in Asia and Sahara regions suggest the relative importance of the aerosols on the energy budget in these regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Electromagnetic measurements
KW  - Frequencies of oscillating systems -- Measurement
KW  - Time series analysis
KW  - ACE-Asia
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF)
KW  - CRM-2.1.2
KW  - Wavelength-dependent optical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 18745337; Yoon, Soon-Chang 1; Won, Jae-Gwang 2; Email Address: wonjg@kma.go.kr; Omar, Ali H. 3; Kim, Sang-Woo 1; Sohn, Byung-Ju 1; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea; 2: Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 156-720, Korea; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Nov2005, Vol. 39 Issue 35, p6620; Thesaurus Term: Radiation measurements; Subject Term: Electromagnetic measurements; Subject Term: Frequencies of oscillating systems -- Measurement; Subject Term: Time series analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: ACE-Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF); Author-Supplied Keyword: CRM-2.1.2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wavelength-dependent optical properties; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.058
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knoll, Andrew H.
AU  - Carr, Michael
AU  - Clark, Benton
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Farmer, Jack D.
AU  - Fischer, Woodward W.
AU  - Grotzinger, John P.
AU  - McLennan, Scott M.
AU  - Malin, Michael
AU  - Schröder, Christian
AU  - Squyres, Steven
AU  - Tosca, Nicholas J.
AU  - Wdowiak, Thomas
T1  - An astrobiological perspective on Meridiani Planum
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2005/11/30/
VL  - 240
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 189
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Sedimentary rocks exposed in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars record aqueous and eolian deposition in ancient dune and interdune playa-like environments that were arid, acidic, and oxidizing. On Earth, microbial populations have repeatedly adapted to low pH and both episodic and chronic water limitation, suggesting that, to a first approximation, the Meridiani plain may have been habitable during at least part of the interval when deposition and early diagenesis took place. On the other hand, the environmental conditions inferred for Meridiani deposition would have posed a challenge for prebiotic chemical reactions thought to have played a role in the origin of life on Earth. Orbital observations suggest that the combination of sulfate minerals and hematite found in Meridiani rocks may be unusual on the martian surface; however, there is reason to believe that acidity, aridity, and oxidizing conditions were broadly distributed on ancient Mars. When these conditions were established and how much environmental heterogeneity existed on early Mars remain to be determined. Because sulfates and iron oxides can preserve detailed geochemical records of environmental history as well as chemical, textural and microfossil signatures of biological activity, Meridiani Planum is an attractive candidate for Mars sample return. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POPULATION biology
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Space biology
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Inner planets
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Environmental history
KW  - Mars
KW  - Meridiani Planum
KW  - Microbiology
N1  - Accession Number: 19043829; Knoll, Andrew H. 1; Email Address: aknoll@oeb.harvard.edu; Carr, Michael 2; Clark, Benton 3; Des Marais, David J. 4; Farmer, Jack D. 5; Fischer, Woodward W. 1; Grotzinger, John P. 6; McLennan, Scott M. 7; Malin, Michael 8; Schröder, Christian 9; Squyres, Steven 10; Tosca, Nicholas J. 7; Wdowiak, Thomas 11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 2: United States Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Rd., MS 975, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; 3: Ma Lockheed Martin Corporation, MS8000, PO Box 179, 12257 State Highway 121, Littleton, CO 80127, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA; 6: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 7: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; 8: Malin Space Science Systems, PO Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191, USA; 9: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; 10: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 11: Department of Physics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Issue Info: Nov2005, Vol. 240 Issue 1, p179; Thesaurus Term: POPULATION biology; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Space biology; Subject Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Inner planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental history; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meridiani Planum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Eilers, J. A.
AU  - Kolyer, R. W.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Ramirez, S. A.
AU  - Yee, J.-H.
AU  - Swartz, W. H.
AU  - Trepte, C. R.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Randall, C. E.
AU  - Lumpe, J. D.
AU  - Bevilacqua, R. M.
AU  - Bittner, M.
AU  - Erbertseder, T.
AU  - McPeters, R. D.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
T1  - Retrieval of ozone column content from airborne Sun photometer measurements during SOLVE II: comparison with coincident satellite and aircraft measurements.
JO  - Advances in Geosciences
JF  - Advances in Geosciences
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 286
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807340
AB  - During the 2003 SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) II, the fourteen-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) was mounted on the NASA DC-8 aircraft and measured spectra of total and aerosol optical depth (TOD and AOD) during the sunlit portions of eight science flights. Values of ozone column content above the aircraft have been derived from the AATS-14 measurements by using a linear least squares method that exploits the differential ozone absorption in the seven AATS-14 channels located within the Chappuis band. We compare AATS-14 columnar ozone retrievals with temporally and spatially near-coincident measurements acquired by the SAGE III and the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM) III satellite sensors during four solar occultation events observed by each satellite. RMS differences are 19 DU (6% of the AATS value) for AATS-SAGE and 10 DU (3% of the AATS value) for AATS-POAM. In these checks of consistency between AATS-14 and SAGE III or POAM III ozone results, the AATS-14 analyses use airmass factors derived from the relative vertical profiles of ozone and aerosol extinction obtained by SAGE III or POAM III. We also compare AATS-14 ozone retrievals for measurements obtained during three DC-8 flights that included extended horizontal transects with total column ozone data acquired by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite sensors. To enable these comparisons, the amount of ozone in the column below the aircraft is estimated either by assuming a climatological model or by combining SAGE and/or POAM data with high resolution in-situ ozone measurements acquired by the NASA Langley Research Center chemiluminescent ozone sensor, FASTOZ, during the aircraft vertical profile at the start or end of each flight. Resultant total column ozone values agree with corresponding TOMS and GOME measurements to within 10-15 DU (∼3%) for AATS data acquired during two flights -- a longitudinal transect from Sweden to Greenland on 21 January, and a latitudinal transect from 47° N to 35° N on 6 February. For the round trip DC-8 latitudinal transect between 34° N and 22° N on 19-20 December 2002, resultant AATS-14 ozone retrievals plus below-aircraft ozone estimates yield a latitudinal gradient that is similar in shape to that observed by TOMS and GOME, but resultant AATS values exceed the corresponding satellite values by up to 30 DU at certain latitudes. These differences are unexplained, but they are attributed to spatial and temporal variability that was associated with the dynamics near the subtropical jet but was unresolved by the satellite sensors. For selected cases, we also compare AATS-14 ozone retrievals with values derived from coincident measurements by the other two DC-8 based solar occultation instruments: the National Center for Atmospheric Research Direct beam Irradiance Airborne Spectrometer (DIAS) and the NASA Langley Research Center Gas and Aerosol Monitoring System (GAMS). AATS and DIAS retrievals agree to within RMS differences of 1% of the AATS values for the 21 January and 19-20 December flights, and 2.3% for the 6 February flight. Corresponding AATS-GAMS RMS differences are ∼3% for the 21 January flight; GAMS data were not compared for the 6 February flight and were not available for the 19-20 December flight. Line of sight ozone retrievals from coincident measurements obtained by the three DC-8 solar occultation instruments during the SAGE III solar occultation event on 24 January yield RMS differences of 2.1% for AATS-DIAS and 4.2% for AATS-GAMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Geosciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Air analysis
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 21388101; Livingston, J. M. 1; Email Address: jlivingston@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Schmid, B. 2; Russell, P. B. 3; Eilers, J. A. 3; Kolyer, R. W. 3; Redemann, J. 2; Ramirez, S. A. 2; Yee, J.-H. 4; Swartz, W. H. 4; Trepte, C. R. 5; Thomason, L. W. 5; Pitts, M. C. 5; Avery, M. A. 5; Randall, C. E. 6; Lumpe, J. D. 7; Bevilacqua, R. M. 8; Bittner, M. 9; Erbertseder, T. 9; McPeters, R. D. 10; Shetter, R. E. 11; Affiliations: 1: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: Computational Physics, Inc., Springfield, VA, USA; 8: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., USA; 9: DLR (German Aerospace Center), Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany; 10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 11: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5, p243; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Air analysis; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iraci, L. T.
AU  - Michelsen, R. R.
AU  - Ashbourn, S. F. M.
AU  - Rammer, T. A.
AU  - Golden, D. M.
T1  - Uptake of hypobromous acid (HOBr) by aqueous sulfuric acid solutions: low-temperature solubility and reaction.
JO  - Advances in Geosciences
JF  - Advances in Geosciences
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1213
EP  - 1239
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807340
AB  - Hypobromous acid (HOBr) is a key species linking inorganic bromine to the chlorine and odd hydrogen chemical families. We have measured the solubility of HOBr in 45-70 wt% sulfuric acid solutions representative of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosol composition. Over the temperature range 201-252 K, HOBr is quite soluble in sulfuric acid, with an effective Henry's law coefficient, H*=104-107 mol L-1 atm-1. H* is inversely dependent on temperature, with ΔH=-45.0±5.4 kJ mol-1 and ΔS=-101±24 J mol-1 K-1 for 55-70 wt% H2SO4 solutions. Our study includes temperatures which overlap both previous measurements of HOBr solubility. For uptake into 55-70 wt% H2SO4, the solubility is described by log H*=(2349±280)/T-(5.27±1.24). At temperatures colder than ∼213 K, the solubility of HOBr in 45 wt% H2SO4 is at least a factor of five larger than in 70 wt% H2SO4, with log H*=(3665±270)/T-(10.63±1.23). The solubility of HOBr is comparable to that of HBr, indicating that upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric aerosols should contain equilibrium concentrations of HOBr which equal or exceed those of HBr. Upon uptake of HOBr into aqueous sulfuric acid in the presence of other brominated gases, particularly for 70 wt% H2SO4 solution, our measurements demonstrate chemical reaction of HOBr followed by evolution of gaseous products including Br2O and Br2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Geosciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bromine
KW  - Chlorine
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Sulfuric acid
KW  - Solubility
N1  - Accession Number: 21388093; Iraci, L. T. 1; Email Address: laura.t.iraci@nasa.gov; Michelsen, R. R. 1,2; Ashbourn, S. F. M. 1,3; Rammer, T. A. 4; Golden, D. M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: National Research Council Resident Associate, USA; 3: Earth Tech, Ltd., London, UK; 4: SRI International NSF Research Experiences for Undergraduates Program, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; 5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Issue Info: 2005, Vol. 5, p1213; Thesaurus Term: Bromine; Thesaurus Term: Chlorine; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Sulfuric acid; Subject Term: Solubility; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Charlson, Robert J.
AU  - Bellouin, Nicolas
AU  - Boucher, Olivier
AU  - Chin, Mian
AU  - Christopher, Sundar A.
AU  - Haywood, Jim
AU  - Kaufman, Yoram J.
AU  - Kinne, Stefan
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Takemura, Toshihiko
AU  - Tanré, Didier
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Yu, Hongbin
T1  - An “A-Train” Strategy for Quantifying Direct Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 86
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1809
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - This document outlines a practical strategy for achieving an observationally based quantification of direct climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. The strategy involves a four-step program for shifting the current assumption-laden estimates to an increasingly empirical basis using satellite observations coordinated with suborbital remote and in situ measurements and with chemical transport models. Conceptually, the problem is framed as a need for complete global mapping of four parameters: clear-sky aerosol optical depth δ, radiative efficiency per unit optical depth E, fine-mode fraction of optical depth ff, and the anthropogenic fraction of the fine mode faf. The first three parameters can be retrieved from satellites, but correlative, suborbital measurements are required for quantifying the aerosol properties that control E, for validating the retrieval of ff, and for partitioning fine-mode δ between natural and anthropogenic components. The satellite focus is on the “A-Train,” a constellation of six spacecraft that will fly in formation from about 2005 to 2008. Key satellite instruments for this report are the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiometers on Aqua, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) radiometer on Aura, the Polarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectances (POLDER) polarimeter on the Polarization and Anistropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences Coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL), and the Cloud and Aerosol Lider with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar on the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). This strategy is offered as an initial framework—subject to improvement over time—for scientists around the world to participate in the A-Train opportunity. It is a specific implementation of the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) program, presented earlier in this journal, which identified the integration of diverse data as the central challenge to progress in quantifying global-scale aerosol effects. By designing a strategy around this need for integration, we develop recommendations for both satellite data interpretation and correlative suborbital activities that represent, in many respects, departures from current practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Optical radar
N1  - Accession Number: 19441695; Anderson, Theodore L. 1; Email Address: tadand@u.washington.edu; Charlson, Robert J. 1; Bellouin, Nicolas 2; Boucher, Olivier 2; Chin, Mian 3; Christopher, Sundar A. 4; Haywood, Jim 2; Kaufman, Yoram J. 3; Kinne, Stefan 2; Ogren, John A. 5; Remer, Lorraine A. 3; Takemura, Toshihiko 6; Tanré, Didier 7; Torres, Omar 8; Trepte, Charles R. 9; Wielicki, Bruce A. 9; Winker, David M. 9; Yu, Hongbin 10; Affiliations: 1: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 2: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama; 5: NOAA/CMDL, Boulder, Colorado; 6: Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan; 7: University of Lille, Lille, France; 8: JCTE University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 10: University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 86 Issue 12, p1795; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Optical radar; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-86-12-1795
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, C.
AU  - Klooster, S.
AU  - Tan, P.
AU  - Steinbach, M.
AU  - Kumar, V.
AU  - Genovese, V.
T1  - Variability in terrestrial carbon sinks over two decades: Part 2 — Eurasia
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 186
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Abstract: We have analyzed 17 yr (1982–1998) of net carbon flux predictions from a simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover. The NASA-CASA model was driven by vegetation cover properties derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and radiative transfer algorithms that were developed for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We report that although the terrestrial ecosystem sink for atmospheric CO2 for the Eurasian region has been fairly consistent at between 0.3 and 0.6 Pg C per year since 1988, high interannual variability in net ecosystem production (NEP) fluxes can be readily identified at locations across the continent. Ten major areas of highest variability in NEP were detected: eastern Europe, the Iberian Peninsula, the Balkan states, Scandinavia, northern and western Russia, eastern Siberia, Mongolia and western China, and central India. Analysis of climate anomalies over this 17-yr time period suggests that variability in precipitation and surface solar irradiance could be associated with trends in carbon sink fluxes within such regions of high NEP variability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Eurasia
KW  - carbon
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - soil
N1  - Accession Number: 19184836; Potter, C. 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Klooster, S. 2; Tan, P. 3; Steinbach, M. 3; Kumar, V. 3; Genovese, V. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, United States; 3: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 49 Issue 3/4, p177; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Subject: Eurasia; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaber, David B.
AU  - Wright, Melanie C.
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Clamann, Michael P.
AU  - Prinzel, Lawrence J 3rd
T1  - Adaptive automation of human-machine system information-processing functions.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2005///Winter2005
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - journal article
SP  - 730
EP  - 741
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - The goal of this research was to describe the ability of human operators to interact with adaptive automation (AA) applied to various stages of complex systems information processing, defined in a model of human-automation interaction. Forty participants operated a simulation of an air traffic control task. Automated assistance was adaptively applied to information acquisition, information analysis, decision making, and action implementation aspects of the task based on operator workload states, which were measured using a secondary task. The differential effects of the forms of automation were determined and compared with a manual control condition. Results of two 20-min trials of AA or manual control revealed a significant effect of the type of automation on performance, particularly during manual control periods as part of the adaptive conditions. Humans appear to better adapt to AA applied to sensory and psychomotor information-processing functions (action implementation) than to AA applied to cognitive functions (information analysis and decision making), and AA is superior to completely manual control. Potential applications of this research include the design of automation to support air traffic controller information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Automation
KW  - Air traffic controllers
KW  - Computer integrated manufacturing systems
KW  - Information resources management
KW  - Information retrieval
KW  - Information technology
N1  - Accession Number: 19864586; Kaber, David B. 1; Email Address: dbkabcr@ncsu.edti; Wright, Melanie C. 2; Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 3; Clamann, Michael P. 4; Prinzel, Lawrence J 3rd; Affiliations: 1: North Carolina State University, Department of Industrial Engineering, 328 Riddick Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7906; 2: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Roads, Virginia; 4: Micro Analysis & Design, Boulder, Colorado; Issue Info: Winter2005, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p730; Thesaurus Term: Automation; Subject Term: Air traffic controllers; Subject Term: Computer integrated manufacturing systems; Subject Term: Information resources management; Subject Term: Information retrieval; Subject Term: Information technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rezgui, Sana
AU  - Swift, Gary
AU  - Somervill, Kevin
AU  - George, Jeffrey
AU  - Carmichael, Carl
AU  - Allen, Gregory
T1  - Complex Upset Mitigation Applied to a Re-Configurable Embedded Processor.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2005/12//Dec2005 Part 1
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2468
EP  - 2474
SN  - 00189499
AB  - Soft-core processors implemented in static random access memory-based field-programmable-gate-arrays, while attractive to spacecraft designers, require upset mitigation. We investigate a proposed solution involving two levels of scrubbing plus triple modular redundancy and measure its in-beam performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ions
KW  - Matter -- Properties
KW  - Solution (Chemistry)
KW  - In-beam gamma ray spectroscopy
KW  - Embedded computer systems
KW  - Signal processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - Random access memory
KW  - Computer storage devices
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Particles (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Embedded processors
KW  - field-programmable-gate-arrays (FPGAs)
KW  - radiation testing
N1  - Accession Number: 20230710; Rezgui, Sana 1; Email Address: sana.rezgui@xilinx.com; Swift, Gary 2; Email Address: gary.m.swift@jpl.nasa.gov; Somervill, Kevin 3; Email Address: kevin.m.somervill@nasa.gov; George, Jeffrey 4; Email Address: Jeffrey.s.george@aero.org; Carmichael, Carl 1; Allen, Gregory 2; Affiliations: 1: Xilinx, Inc., San Jose, CA 95124 USA.; 2: Jet propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Electronic Systems Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA.; 4: Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.; Issue Info: Dec2005 Part 1, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p2468; Thesaurus Term: Ions; Thesaurus Term: Matter -- Properties; Thesaurus Term: Solution (Chemistry); Subject Term: In-beam gamma ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: Embedded computer systems; Subject Term: Signal processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: Random access memory; Subject Term: Computer storage devices; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Particles (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Embedded processors; Author-Supplied Keyword: field-programmable-gate-arrays (FPGAs); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2005.860743
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pickel, James C.
AU  - Reed, Robert A.
AU  - Ladbury, Ray
AU  - Marshall, Paul W.
AU  - Jordan, Thomas M.
AU  - Gee, George
AU  - Fodness, Bryan
AU  - McKelvey, Mark
AU  - McMurray, Robert
AU  - Ennico, Kim
AU  - McCreight, Craig
AU  - Waczynski, Augustyn
AU  - Polidan, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Johnson, Scott D.
AU  - Weller, Robert A.
AU  - Mendenhall, Marcus H.
AU  - Schrimpf, Ronald D.
T1  - Transient Radiation Effects in Ultra-Low Noise HgCdTe IR Detector Arrays for Space-Based Astronomy.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2005/12//Dec2005 Part 1
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2657
EP  - 2663
SN  - 00189499
AB  - We present measurements of proton-induced single event transients in ultra-low noise HgCdTe IR detector arrays being developed for space-based astronomy and compare to modeling results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Temperature control
KW  - Nuclear track detectors
KW  - Signal processing
KW  - Metal oxide semiconductors
KW  - Integrated circuits
KW  - Particle tracks (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Space sciences
KW  - HgCdTe
KW  - IR detectors
KW  - single event transients
KW  - space-based astronomy
KW  - transient noise
N1  - Accession Number: 20230738; Pickel, James C. 1; Email Address: jim@pickel.net; Reed, Robert A. 2; Ladbury, Ray 3; Marshall, Paul W. 4; Jordan, Thomas M. 5; Gee, George 6; Fodness, Bryan 6; McKelvey, Mark 7; McMurray, Robert 7; Ennico, Kim 7; McCreight, Craig 7; Waczynski, Augustyn 8; Polidan, Elizabeth J. 8; Johnson, Scott D. 8; Weller, Robert A. 2; Mendenhall, Marcus H. 2; Schrimpf, Ronald D. 2; Affiliations: 1: PR&T, Inc., Fallbrook, CA 92028 USA.; 2: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.; 3: Orbital Sciences Corp., McLean, VA 22102 USA.; 4: Consultant-NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.; 5: EMP Consultants, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.; 6: SGT, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; 8: GST, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.; Issue Info: Dec2005 Part 1, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p2657; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Astronomy; Thesaurus Term: Temperature control; Subject Term: Nuclear track detectors; Subject Term: Signal processing; Subject Term: Metal oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: Integrated circuits; Subject Term: Particle tracks (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Space sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: HgCdTe; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: single event transients; Author-Supplied Keyword: space-based astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient noise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2005.860732
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Jian H.
AU  - Kuang Sheng
AU  - Lebron-Velilla, Ramon C.
T1  - SILICON CARBIDE SCHOTTKY BARRIER DIODE.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 866
SN  - 01291564
AB  - This chapter reviews the status of SiC Schottky barrier diode development. The fundamentals of Schottky barrier diodes are first provided, followed by the review of high-voltage SiC Schottky barrier diodes, junction-barrier Schottky diodes and merged-pin-Schottky diodes. The development history is reviewed and the key performance parameters are discussed. Applications of SiC SBDs in power electronics circuits as well as other areas such as gas sensors, microwave and UV detections are also presented, followed by discussion of remaining challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SILICON diodes
KW  - SCHOTTKY-barrier diodes
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR diodes
KW  - HIGH voltages
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 21949270; Zhao, Jian H. 1; Kuang Sheng 1; Lebron-Velilla, Ramon C. 2; Affiliations: 1: SiCLAB, Rutgers University, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleaveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p821; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SILICON diodes; Subject Term: SCHOTTKY-barrier diodes; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR diodes; Subject Term: HIGH voltages; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 26 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Bedka, Sarah T.
T1  - Bulk Scattering Properties for the Remote Sensing of Ice Clouds. Part I: Microphysical Data and Models.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1885
EP  - 1895
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - This study reports on the use of in situ data obtained in midlatitude and tropical ice clouds from airborne sampling probes and balloon-borne replicators as the basis for the development of bulk scattering models for use in satellite remote sensing applications. Airborne sampling instrumentation includes the two-dimensional cloud (2D-C), two-dimensional precipitation (2D-P), high-volume precipitation spectrometer (HVPS), cloud particle imager (CPI), and NCAR video ice particle sampler (VIPS) probes. Herein the development of a comprehensive set of microphysical models based on in situ measurements of particle size distributions (PSDs) is discussed. Two parameters are developed and examined: ice water content (IWC) and median mass diameter Dm. Comparisons are provided between the IWC and Dm values derived from in situ measurements obtained during a series of field campaigns held in the midlatitude and tropical regions and those calculated from a set of modeled ice particles used for light-scattering calculations. The ice particle types considered in this study include droxtals, hexagonal plates, solid columns, hollow columns, aggregates, and 3D bullet rosettes. It is shown that no single habit accurately replicates the derived IWC and Dm values, but a mixture of habits can significantly improve the comparison of these bulk microphysical properties. In addition, the relationship between Dm and the effective particle size Deff, defined as 1.5 times the ratio of ice particle volume to projected area for a given PSD, is investigated. Based on these results, a subset of microphysical models is chosen as the basis for the development of ice cloud bulk scattering models in Part II of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Light -- Scattering
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Particle image velocimetry
KW  - Kirkendall effect
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 19530538; Baum, Bryan A. 1,2; Email Address: bryan.baum@ssec.wisc.edu; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 3; Yang, Ping 4; Bedka, Sarah T. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA LaRC, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 4: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 5: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Madison, Wisconsin; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p1885; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Light -- Scattering; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Particle image velocimetry; Subject Term: Kirkendall effect; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Ice crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Hu, Y.-X.
AU  - Bedka, Sarah T.
T1  - Bulk Scattering Properties for the Remote Sensing of Ice Clouds. Part II: Narrowband Models.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1896
EP  - 1911
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - This study examines the development of bulk single-scattering properties of ice clouds, including single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and phase function, for a set of 1117 particle size distributions obtained from analysis of the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment (FIRE)-I, FIRE-II, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program intensive observation period, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX), and the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers (CRYSTAL) Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (FACE) data. The primary focus is to develop band-averaged models appropriate for use by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imager on the Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua platforms, specifically for bands located at wavelengths of 0.65, 1.64, 2.13, and 3.75 μm. The results indicate that there are substantial differences in the bulk scattering properties of ice clouds formed in areas of deep convection and those that exist in areas of much lower updraft velocities. Band-averaged bulk scattering property results obtained from a particle-size-dependent mixture of ice crystal habits are compared with those obtained assuming only solid hexagonal columns. The single-scattering albedo is lower for hexagonal columns than for a habit mixture for the 1.64-, 2.13-, and 3.75-μm bands, with the differences increasing with wavelength. In contrast, the asymmetry factors obtained from the habit mixture and only the solid hexagonal column are most different at 0.65 μm, with the differences decreasing as wavelength increases. At 3.75 μm, the asymmetry factor results from the two habit assumptions are almost indistinguishable. The asymmetry factor, single-scattering albedo, and scattering phase functions are also compared with the MODIS version-1 (V1) models. Differences between the current and V1 models can be traced to the microphysical models and specifically to the number of both the smallest and the largest particles assumed in the size distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Climatology -- Observations
KW  - Rainfall anomalies
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Kirkendall effect
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Neutron albedo
N1  - Accession Number: 19530543; Baum, Bryan A. 1,2; Email Address: bryan.baum@ssec.wisc.edu; Yang, Ping 3; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 4; Platnick, Steven 5; King, Michael D. 5; Hu, Y.-X. 1; Bedka, Sarah T. 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA LaRC, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706; 3: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 6: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Madison, Wisconsin; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p1896; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology -- Observations; Thesaurus Term: Rainfall anomalies; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Kirkendall effect; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Neutron albedo; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 29 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Insulin-independent pathways mediating glucose uptake in hindlimb- suspended skeletal muscle.
AU  - Hilder, Thomas L.
AU  - Baer, Lisa A.
AU  - Fuller, Patrick M.
AU  - Fuller, Charles A.
AU  - Grindeland, Richard E.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
AU  - Graves, Lee M.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 99
IS  - 6
SP  - 2181
EP  - 2188
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 19120871; Author: Hilder, Thomas L.: 1 Author: Baer, Lisa A.: 2 Author: Fuller, Patrick M.: 3 Author: Fuller, Charles A.: 3 Author: Grindeland, Richard E.: 2 Author: Wade, Charles E.: 2 Author: Graves, Lee M.: 1 email: Img@med.unc.edu. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: 2 Life Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field: 3 Section of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, California; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20051214
N2  - Insulin resistance accompanies atrophy in slow-twitch skeletal muscles such as the soleus. Using a rat hindlimb suspension model of atrophy, we have previously shown that an upregulation of JNK occurs in atrophic muscles and correlates with the degradation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) (Hilder TL, Tou JC, Grindeland RF, Wade CE, and Graves LM. FEBS Lett 553: 63-67, 2003), suggesting that insulin-dependent glucose uptake may be impaired. However, during atrophy, these muscles preferentially use carbohydrates as a fuel source. To investigate this apparent dichotomy, we examined insulin-independent pathways involved in glucose uptake following a 2- to 13-wk hindlimb suspension regimen. JNK activity was elevated throughout the time course, and IRS-1 was degraded as early as 2 wk. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was significantly higher in atrophic soleus muscle, as were the activities of the ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs. As a comparison, we examined the kinase activity in solei of rats exposed to hypergravity conditions (2 G). IRS-1 phosphorylation, protein, and AMPK activity were not affected by 2 G, demonstrating that these changes were only observed in soleus muscle from hindlimb-suspended animals. To further examine the effect of AMPK activation on glucose uptake, C2C12 myotubes were treated with the AMPK activator metformin and then challenged with the JNK activator anisomycin. While anisomycin reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake to control levels, metformin significantly increased glucose uptake in the presence of anisomycin and was independent of insulin. Taken together, these results suggest that AMPK may be an important mediator of insulin-independent glucose uptake in soleus during skeletal muscle atrophy. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *MUSCLES
KW  - *INSULIN resistance
KW  - *GLUCOSE
KW  - *MUSCULAR atrophy
KW  - *PROTEIN kinases
KW  - *LEG -- Muscles
KW  - INSULIN receptors
KW  - adenosine 5' -monophosphate-activated protein kinase
KW  - hindlimb suspension; c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase
KW  - mitogen-activated protein kinase
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcia, Rolando R.
AU  - Lieberman, Ruth
AU  - Russell, James M.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
T1  - Large-Scale Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Observed by SABER.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 62
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4384
EP  - 4399
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Observations made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on board NASA’s Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite have been processed using Salby’s fast Fourier synoptic mapping (FFSM) algorithm. The mapped data provide a first synoptic look at the mean structure and traveling waves of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) since the launch of the TIMED satellite in December 2001. The results show the presence of various wave modes in the MLT, which reach largest amplitude above the mesopause and include Kelvin and Rossby–gravity waves, eastward-propagating diurnal oscillations (“non-sun-synchronous tides”), and a set of quasi-normal modes associated with the so-called 2-day wave. The latter exhibits marked seasonal variability, attaining large amplitudes during the solstices and all but disappearing at the equinoxes. SABER data also show a strong quasi-stationary Rossby wave signal throughout the middle atmosphere of the winter hemisphere; the signal extends into the Tropics and even into the summer hemisphere in the MLT, suggesting ducting by westerly background zonal winds. At certain times of the year, the 5-day Rossby normal mode and the 4-day wave associated with instability of the polar night jet are also prominent in SABER data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric waves
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Thermosphere
KW  - Dynamic meteorology
KW  - Rossby waves
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Fourier analysis
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 19333846; Garcia, Rolando R. 1; Email Address: rgarcia@ucar.edu; Lieberman, Ruth 2; Russell, James M. 3; Mlynczak, Martin G. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 2: Colorado Research Associates, Boulder, Colorado; 3: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 62 Issue 12, p4384; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric waves; Thesaurus Term: Radiation measurements; Thesaurus Term: Mesosphere; Thesaurus Term: Thermosphere; Thesaurus Term: Dynamic meteorology; Subject Term: Rossby waves; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Subject Term: Fourier analysis; Subject Term: Algorithms; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Growth of Organic Microspherules in Sugar-Ammonia Reactions.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 523
EP  - 536
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Reaction of small sugars of less than four carbons with ammonia in water yielded organic microspherules generally less than ten microns in size. The time course of microspherule growth was examined for the D-erythrose-ammonia reaction that yielded microspherules attached to the glass walls of containers. Measurements were made of the elemental composition and infrared spectrum of the microspherule material. These viscose semi-solid microspherules are viewed as possible containers for prebiotic catalytic processes relevant to the origin of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - erythrose – maillard reaction
KW  - microspherule growth
KW  - origin of life
KW  - prebiotic chemistry
KW  - prebiotic polymerization
KW  - sugar chemistry
KW  - sugar-ammonia reaction
N1  - Accession Number: 52535214; Weber, Arthur 1; Email Address: aweber@mailarc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4 Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p523; Author-Supplied Keyword: erythrose – maillard reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: microspherule growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: origin of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic polymerization; Author-Supplied Keyword: sugar chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: sugar-ammonia reaction; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-005-0234-1
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Estep, Lee
AU  - Carter, Gregory A.
T1  - Derivative Analysis of AVIRIS Data for Crop Stress Detection.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 71
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1417
EP  - 1421
SN  - 00991112
AB  - Low-altitude Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (A VIRIS) hyperspectral imagery of a cornfield in Nebraska was used to determine whether derivative analysis methods provided enhanced plant stress detection compared with narrow-band ratios. The field was divided into 20 plots representing four replicates each of five nitrogen (N) fertilization treatments that ranged from 0 to 200 kg N/ha in 50 kg/ha increments. The imagery yielded a 3 m ground pixel size for 224 spectral bands. Derivative analysis provided no advantage in stress detection compared with the performance of narrow-band ratio indices derived from the literature. This result was attributed to a high leaf area index at the time of the overflight (LAI of approximately 5 to 6) and the high signal-to-noise character of the narrow AVIRIS bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Imaging systems
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Size reduction of materials
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Nebraska
N1  - Accession Number: 19266800; Estep, Lee 1; Email Address: lestep@cox.net; Carter, Gregory A. 2; Email Address: Greg.Carter@usm.edu; Affiliations: 1: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Bldg. 1105, John C. Stennis Space Center, MS 39529.; 2: Earth Science Applications Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Gulf Coast Geospatial Center, University of Southern Mississippi, 703 East Beach Drive, Ocean Springs, MS 39564.; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 71 Issue 12, p1417; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Subject Term: Imaging systems; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Size reduction of materials; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject: Nebraska; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakosky, Bruce M.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
T1  - The Changing Picture of Volatiles and Climate on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/12/02/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5753
M3  - Article
SP  - 1439
EP  - 1440
SN  - 00368075
AB  - This article presents information on Mars' climate evolution and biological potential. The standard wisdom since the 1970s about seasonal cycles on Mars has been that deposition and sublimation of CO2 ice in the polar regions are governed by the local energy balance, that the seasonal CO2 cycle controls the water cycle, and that every Mars year is basically similar to every other year. Recent observations suggest otherwise. The summertime residual CO2 ice on the south polar cap is both thin and discontinuous. Round and arcuate holes in the CO2 ice cover reveal underlying water ice that also is exposed elsewhere on the residual cap. The holes are enlarging each year, releasing CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The morphology, stratigraphy, properties, sizes, and growth of the holes suggest multiple discrete events of deposition and erosion on time scales of decades to centuries. The changing exposure of south polar water ice may be reflected in the atmospheric water vapor content, which shows order-of-magnitude variations from one year to another during the southern summer.
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Sedimentation & deposition
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Sublimation (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 19124692; Jakosky, Bruce M. 1; Haberle, Robert M. 2; Arvidson, Raymond E. 3; Email Address: bruce.jakosky@lasp.colorado.edu; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.; 2: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; Issue Info: 12/2/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5753, p1439; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentation & deposition; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Sublimation (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1617
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Niemann, H. B.
AU  - Atreya, S. K.
AU  - Bauer, S. J.
AU  - Carignan, G. R.
AU  - Demick, J. E.
AU  - Frost, R. L.
AU  - Gautier, D.
AU  - Haberman, J. A.
AU  - Harpold, D. N.
AU  - Hunten, D. M.
AU  - Israel, G.
AU  - Lunine, J. I.
AU  - Kasprzak, W. T.
AU  - Owen, T. C.
AU  - Paulkovich, M.
AU  - Raulin, F.
AU  - Raaen, E.
AU  - Way, S. H.
T1  - The abundances of constituents of Titan's atmosphere from the GCMS instrument on the Huygens probe.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/12/08/
VL  - 438
IS  - 7069
M3  - Article
SP  - 779
EP  - 784
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Saturn's largest moon, Titan, remains an enigma, explored only by remote sensing from Earth, and by the Voyager and Cassini spacecraft. The most puzzling aspects include the origin of the molecular nitrogen and methane in its atmosphere, and the mechanism(s) by which methane is maintained in the face of rapid destruction by photolysis. The Huygens probe, launched from the Cassini spacecraft, has made the first direct observations of the satellite's surface and lower atmosphere. Here we report direct atmospheric measurements from the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS), including altitude profiles of the constituents, isotopic ratios and trace species (including organic compounds). The primary constituents were confirmed to be nitrogen and methane. Noble gases other than argon were not detected. The argon includes primordial 36Ar, and the radiogenic isotope 40Ar, providing an important constraint on the outgassing history of Titan. Trace organic species, including cyanogen and ethane, were found in surface measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Methane
KW  - Ethanes
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Cyanogen compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 19071751; Niemann, H. B. 1; Email Address: Hasso.B.Niemann@nasa.gov; Atreya, S. K. 2; Bauer, S. J. 3; Carignan, G. R. 2; Demick, J. E. 1; Frost, R. L. 4; Gautier, D. 5; Haberman, J. A. 1; Harpold, D. N. 1; Hunten, D. M. 6; Israel, G. 7; Lunine, J. I. 6; Kasprzak, W. T. 1; Owen, T. C. 8; Paulkovich, M. 1; Raulin, F. 9; Raaen, E. 1; Way, S. H. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 2: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA; 3: Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria; 4: University of Alabama, CMC, 817 22nd Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, USA; 5: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, F-92195 Meudon Cedex, France; 6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85716, USA; 7: Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, F-91371 Verrières le Buisson Cedex, France; 8: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA; 9: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Université Paris 12 et Paris 7, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil Cedex, France; Issue Info: 12/8/2005, Vol. 438 Issue 7069, p779; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Ethanes; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Cyanogen compounds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature04122
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fulchignoni, M.
AU  - Ferri, F.
AU  - Angrilli, F.
AU  - Ball, A. J.
AU  - Bar-Nun, A.
AU  - Barucci, M. A.
AU  - Bettanini, C.
AU  - Bianchini, G.
AU  - Borucki, W.
AU  - Colombatti, G.
AU  - Coradini, M.
AU  - Coustenis, A.
AU  - Debei, S.
AU  - Falkner, P.
AU  - Fanti, G.
AU  - Flamini, E.
AU  - Gaborit, V.
AU  - Grard, R.
AU  - Hamelin, M.
AU  - Harri, A. M.
T1  - In situ measurements of the physical characteristics of Titan's environment.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/12/08/
VL  - 438
IS  - 7069
M3  - Article
SP  - 785
EP  - 791
SN  - 00280836
AB  - On the basis of previous ground-based and fly-by information, we knew that Titan's atmosphere was mainly nitrogen, with some methane, but its temperature and pressure profiles were poorly constrained because of uncertainties in the detailed composition. The extent of atmospheric electricity (‘lightning’) was also hitherto unknown. Here we report the temperature and density profiles, as determined by the Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument (HASI), from an altitude of 1,400 km down to the surface. In the upper part of the atmosphere, the temperature and density were both higher than expected. There is a lower ionospheric layer between 140 km and 40 km, with electrical conductivity peaking near 60 km. We may also have seen the signature of lightning. At the surface, the temperature was 93.65 ± 0.25 K, and the pressure was 1,467 ± 1 hPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric electricity
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Ionospheric electron density
KW  - Electrons
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 19071739; Fulchignoni, M. 1,2; Ferri, F. 3; Email Address: francesca.ferri@unipd.it; Angrilli, F. 3; Ball, A. J. 4; Bar-Nun, A. 5; Barucci, M. A. 1; Bettanini, C. 3; Bianchini, G. 3; Borucki, W. 6; Colombatti, G. 3; Coradini, M. 7; Coustenis, A. 1; Debei, S. 3; Falkner, P. 8; Fanti, G. 3; Flamini, E. 9; Gaborit, V. 1; Grard, R. 8; Hamelin, M. 10,11; Harri, A. M. 12; Affiliations: 1: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France; 2: Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, UFR de Physique, 2 Place Jussieu, 75006 Paris, France; 3: CISAS “G. Colombo”, Università di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy; 4: PSSRI, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; 5: Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Tel Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; 6: NASA/AMES Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 7: ESA Headquarters, Science Directorate, 8-10 rue Mario-Nikis, 75015 Paris, France; 8: ESA-ESTEC, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands; 9: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Viale Liegi 26, 00198 Roma, Italy; 10: CETP-IPSL, 4 Avenue de Neptune, 94107 Saint Maur, France; 11: LPCE-CNRS, 3A, Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France; 12: Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Vuorikatu 15 A 00100 Helsinki, Finland; Issue Info: 12/8/2005, Vol. 438 Issue 7069, p785; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric electricity; Thesaurus Term: Ionosphere; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Ionospheric electron density; Subject Term: Electrons; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature04314
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tan, Bin
AU  - Hu, Jiannan
AU  - Huang, Dong
AU  - Yang, Wenze
AU  - Zhang, Ping
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Assessment of the broadleaf crops leaf area index product from the Terra MODIS instrument
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/12/14/
VL  - 135
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 124
EP  - 134
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: The first significant processing of Terra MODIS data, called Collection 3, covered the period from November 2000 to December 2002. The Collection 3 leaf area index (LAI) and fraction vegetation absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) products for broadleaf crops exhibited three anomalies (a) high LAI values during the peak growing season, (b) differences in LAI seasonality between the radiative transfer-based main algorithm and the vegetation index based back-up algorithm, and (c) too few retrievals from the main algorithm during the summer period when the crops are at full flush. The cause of these anomalies is a mismatch between reflectances modeled by the algorithm and MODIS measurements. Therefore, the Look-Up-Tables accompanying the algorithm were revised and implemented in Collection 4 processing. The main algorithm with the revised Look-Up-Tables generated retrievals for over 80% of the pixels with valid data. Retrievals from the back-up algorithm, although few, should be used with caution as they are generated from surface reflectances with high uncertainties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Crops
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Broadleaf crops
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Terra MODIS instrument
N1  - Accession Number: 19768250; Tan, Bin 1; Email Address: tanbin@crsa.bu.edu; Hu, Jiannan 1; Huang, Dong 1; Yang, Wenze 1; Zhang, Ping 1; Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; 2: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2005, Vol. 135 Issue 1-4, p124; Thesaurus Term: Crops; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadleaf crops; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra MODIS instrument; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.10.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Griffin, Michael D.
T1  - Leadership in Space.
JO  - Vital Speeches of the Day
JF  - Vital Speeches of the Day
J1  - Vital Speeches of the Day
PY  - 2005/12/15/
Y1  - 2005/12/15/
VL  - 72
IS  - 5
M3  - Speech
SP  - 133
EP  - 135
PB  - Pro Rhetoric, LLC
SN  - 0042742X
AB  - The article presents a speech by Michael D. Griffin, administrator of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration delivered to the California Space Authority in Los Angeles, California on December 2, 2005. He discusses national and world leadership in space exploration and the importance for the U.S. to maintain its leadership role in space exploration.
KW  - GRIFFIN, Michael D. (Michael Douglas), 1949-
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
N1  - Accession Number: 19893000; Source Information: 12/15/2005, Vol. 72 Issue 5, p133; Subject Term: GRIFFIN, Michael D. (Michael Douglas), 1949-; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Document Type: Speech; ; Full Text Word Count: 2338; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dufour, G.
AU  - Nassar, R.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Skelton, R.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Semeniuk, K.
AU  - Jin, J. J.
AU  - McConnell, J. C.
AU  - Manney, G. L.
T1  - Partitioning between the inorganic chlorine reservoirs HCl and ClONO2 during the Arctic winter 2005 from the ACE-FTS.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1249
EP  - 1273
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - From January to March 2005, the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment high resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS) on SCISAT-1 measured many of the changes occurring in the Arctic (50-80° N) lower stratosphere under very cold winter conditions. Here we focus on the partitioning between the inorganic chlorine reservoirs HCl and ClONO2 and their activation into ClO. The simultaneous measurement of these species by the ACE-FTS provides the data needed to follow chlorine activation during the Arctic winter and the recovery of the Cl-reservoir species ClONO2 and HCl. The time evolution of HCl, ClONO2 and ClO as well as the partitioning between the two reservoir molecules agrees well with previous observations and with our current understanding of chlorine activation during Arctic winter. The results of a chemical box model are also compared with the ACE-FTS measurements and are generally consistent with the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chlorine
KW  - Hydrochloric acid
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Fourier transform spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 21372321; Dufour, G. 1,2; Email Address: gaelle.dufour@lmd.polytechnique.fr; Nassar, R. 1; Boone, C. D. 1; Skelton, R. 1; Walker, K. A. 1; Bernath, P. F. 1; Rinsland, C. P. 3; Semeniuk, K. 4; Jin, J. J. 4; McConnell, J. C. 4; Manney, G. L. 5,6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Palaiseau, France; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Department of Space Science and Engineering, York University, Ontario, Canada; 5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 6: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p1249; Thesaurus Term: Chlorine; Thesaurus Term: Hydrochloric acid; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Fourier transform spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooke, Daniel E.
AU  - Barry, Matt
AU  - Lowry, Michael
AU  - Green, Cordell
T1  - NASA's Exploration Agenda and Capability Engineering.
JO  - Computer (00189162)
JF  - Computer (00189162)
J1  - Computer (00189162)
PY  - 2006/01//
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 73
SN  - 00189162
AB  - The article reports on the application of model-based languages and risk analysis methodologies in NASA agency to raise software development to the level of hardware development. According to the report, the application aims to achieve a fusion of systems and software engineering by replacing conventional software development techniques with capability engineering that focuses on a system's full set of functionality. The author also includes a discussion on the agency's future systems mission, baseline review of the ISS Software, ISS architecture, ISS change process and costs, and others.
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER software industry
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - COMPUTER assisted instruction
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
N1  - Accession Number: 19450737; Source Information: Jan2006, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p63; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTER software industry; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER assisted instruction; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Delap, Damon1, damon.c.delap@nasa.gov
AU  - Hogge, Jeff2, jhogge@byu.edu
AU  - Jensen, C. Greg2, cjensen@byu.edu
T1  - CAD-centric Creation and Optimization of a Gas Turbine Flowpath Module with Multiple Parameterizations.
JO  - Computer-Aided Design & Applications
JF  - Computer-Aided Design & Applications
J1  - Computer-Aided Design & Applications
PY  - 2006/01//
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 3
IS  - 1-4
CP  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 175
EP  - 184
SN  - 16864360
AB  - This paper presents CAD-centric approach to the integration of CAD, analysis and optimization. This is demonstrated through the development of a tool that allows a gas turbine flowpath to be created, analyzed and optimized by users who are not necessarily familiar with the CAD, analysis and/or optimization software. A key to being able to develop this type of design tool is the use of the CAD Application Program Interface (API). In the process of developing this tool, the following concepts are demonstrated: 1) how to overcome problems of data exchange between software packages and robust CAD models suitable for optimization, 2) how to dramatically reduce the learning curve associated with CAD, analysis and optimization software, and 3) how to employ more that one parameterization in the same model by utilizing the CAD API. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - Computer-aided design
KW  - Engineering design
KW  - Architecture & technology
KW  - Gas turbines
KW  - Computer-aided engineering
KW  - CAD-based optimization
KW  - Computer-Aided Design
KW  - gas turbine flowpath
KW  - knowledge-based CAD
KW  - parametric modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 21534649; Authors: Delap, Damon 1 Email Address: damon.c.delap@nasa.gov; Hogge, Jeff 2 Email Address: jhogge@byu.edu; Jensen, C. Greg 2 Email Address: cjensen@byu.edu; Affiliations:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center;  2: Brigham Young University; Subject: Computer-aided design; Subject: Gas turbines; Subject: Computer-aided engineering; Subject: Engineering design; Subject: Architecture & technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAD-based optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer-Aided Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas turbine flowpath; Author-Supplied Keyword: knowledge-based CAD; Author-Supplied Keyword: parametric modeling; Number of Pages: 10p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elfes, Alberto
AU  - Lincoln, William P.
AU  - Rodriguez, Guillermo
AU  - Weisbin, Charles R.
AU  - Wertz, Julie A.
T1  - Risk-Based Technology Portfolio Optimization for Early Space Mission Design.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 36
SN  - 00189251
AB  - The successful design, development, and operation of space missions requires informed decisions to be made across a vast array of investment, scientific, technological, and operational issues. In the work reported in this paper, we address the problem of determining optimal technology investment portfolios that minimize mission risk and maximize the expected science return of the mission. We model several relationships that explicitly link investment in technologies to mission risk and expected science return. To represent and compute these causal and computational dependencies, we introduce a generalization of influence diagrams that we call inference nets. To illustrate the approach, we present results from its application to a technology portfolio investment trade study done for a specific scenario for the projected 2009 Mars MSL mission. This case study examines the impact of investments in precision landing and long-range roving technologies on the mission capability, and the associated risk, of visiting a set of preselected science sites. We show how an optimal investment strategy can be found that minimizes the mission risk given a fixed total technology investment budget, or alternatively how to determine the minimum budget required to achieve a given acceptable mission risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INVESTMENTS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - STABILITY of space vehicles
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
N1  - Accession Number: 20383040; Elfes, Alberto 1; Email Address: Alberto.Elfes@jpl.nasa.gov; Lincoln, William P. 1,2; Rodriguez, Guillermo 1; Weisbin, Charles R. 1; Email Address: Charles.R.Weisbin@jpl.nasa.gov; Wertz, Julie A. 1,3; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 2: Lincoln, Boeing, Inc., Laser and Electro-Optics Group; 3: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p22; Thesaurus Term: INVESTMENTS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: STABILITY of space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523930 Investment Advice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523999 Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Acar, Erdem
AU  - Kale, Amit
AU  - Haftka, Raphael T.
AU  - Stroud, W. Jefferson
T1  - Structural Safety Measures for Airplanes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/01//Jan/Feb2006
Y1  - 2006/01//Jan/Feb2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 38
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Passenger aircraft structural design is based on a safety factor of 1.5, and this safety factor alone is equivalent to a probability of failure of between 10-2 and 10-3. Yet airliners are much safer, with crashes caused by structural failure being extremely rare based on accident records. The probability of structural failure of transport aircraft is or the order of 10-8 per flight segment. This paper looks at two additional contributions to safety--the use of conservative material properties and certification tests--using a simple model of structural failure. We find that the three safety measures together might be able In reduce the calculated probability of failure to about 10-7. Additional measures, such as conservative load specifications, might be responsible for the higher safety encountered in practice, explaining why passenger aircraft are so structurally safe. In addition, the paper sheds light on the effectiveness of certification tests for improving safety. It is found that certification tests reduce the calculated failure probabilities by reducing the modeling error. We find that these tests are most effective when safety factors are low and when most of the uncertainty is caused by systemic errors rather than variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - STRUCTURAL stability
KW  - CERTIFICATION
KW  - SAFETY
N1  - Accession Number: 20375367; Source Information: Jan/Feb2006, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p30; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL stability; Subject Term: CERTIFICATION; Subject Term: SAFETY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 10 Charts, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atlas, David
AU  - Wang, Zhien
AU  - Duda, David P.
T1  - Contrails to Cirrus—Morphology, Microphysics, and Radiative Properties.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 19
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This work is two pronged, discussing 1) the morphology of contrails and their transition to cirrus uncinus, and 2) their microphysical and radiative properties. It is based upon the fortuitous occurrence of an unusual set of essentially parallel contrails and the unanticipated availability of nearly simultaneous observations by photography, satellite, automated ground-based lidar, and a newly available database of aircraft flight tracks. The contrails, oriented from the northeast to southwest, are carried to the southeast with a component of the wind so that they are spread from the northwest to southeast. Convective turrets form along each contrail to form the cirrus uncinus with fallstreaks of ice crystals that are oriented essentially normal to the contrail length. Each contrail is observed sequentially by the lidar and tracked backward to the time and position of the originating aircraft track with the appropriate component of the wind. The correlation coefficient between predicted and actual time of arrival at the lidar is 0.99, so that one may identify both visually and satellite-observed contrails exactly. Contrails generated earlier in the westernmost flight corridor occasionally arrive simultaneously with those formed later closer to the lidar to produce broader cirrus fallstreaks and overlapping contrails on the satellite image. The minimum age of a contrail is >2 h and corresponds to the longest time of travel to the lidar. The lag between the initial formation of the contrail and its first detectability by Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is ≈33 min, thus accounting for the distance between the aircraft track and the first detectable contrail by satellite. The lidar also provides particle fall speeds and estimated sizes, optical extinction coefficients, optical thickness (τ = 0.35), and ice water path (IWP = 8.1 g m-2). These values correspond to the lower range of those found for midlatitude cirrus by Heymsfield et al. The ice water per meter of length along the cloud lines is 103–104 times that released by typical jet aircraft. The synthesis of these findings with those of prior investigators provides confidence in the present results. Various authors find that contrail-generated cirrus such as reported here contribute to net regional warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Condensation trails
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Radiative corrections
KW  - Turrets
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Artificial satellite tracking
KW  - Crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 20456434; Atlas, David 1; Email Address: davnlu@comcast.net; Wang, Zhien 2; Duda, David P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 3: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p5; Thesaurus Term: Condensation trails; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Microstructure; Subject Term: Radiative corrections; Subject Term: Turrets; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Artificial satellite tracking; Subject Term: Crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Francek, Mark
AU  - Grant, Tammie
AU  - Schmidt, Cindy
AU  - Tewksbury, David
AU  - Wei Tu
AU  - Xingyou Zhang
T1  - Free or Inexpensive GIS Resources Available on the Web.
JO  - Journal of Geoscience Education
JF  - Journal of Geoscience Education
J1  - Journal of Geoscience Education
PY  - 2006/01//
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Product Review
SP  - 80
EP  - 81
SN  - 10899995
AB  - The article reviews several Internet sites that offer free Geographic Information System resources in the U.S., including the Geospatial Data Gateway, WebGIS, Seamless Data Distribution System, American Factfinder, The Earth Resources Observation Systems, and Mapping the Biosphere.
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - WEBSITES
N1  - Accession Number: 20218545; Source Information: Jan2006, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p80; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: WEBSITES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Illustrations: 1 Chart; ; Document Type: Product Review; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilkie, W. Keats
AU  - Inman, Daniel J.
AU  - Lloyd, Justin M.
AU  - High, James W.
T1  - Anisotropic Laminar Piezocomposite Actuator Incorporating Machined PMN--PT Single-crystal Fibers.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 28
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - The design, fabrication, and testing of a flexible, laminar, anisotropic piezoelectric composite actuator utilizing machined PMN-32%PT single-crystal fibers is presented. The device consists of a layer of rectangular single-crystal piezoelectric fibers in an epoxy matrix, packaged between interdigitated electrode polyimide films. Quasistatic free- strain measurements of the single-crystal device are compared with measurements from geometrically identical specimens incorporating polycrystalline PZT-5A and PZT-5H piezo-ceramic fibers. Free-strain actuation of the single-crystal actuator at low bipolar electric fields (±250 V/mm) is ≈400% greater than that of the baseline PZT-5A piezoceramic device, and 200% greater than that of the PZT-51-I device. Free-strain actuation under high unipolar electric fields (0-4 kV/mm) is ≈200% of the PZT-5A baseline device, and 150% of the PZT-5H alternate piezoceramic device. Performance increases at low field are qualitatively consistent with predicted increases based on scaling the low-field d33 piezoelectric constants of the respective piezoelectric materials. High-field increases are much less than scaled d33 estimates, but appear consistent with high-field free-strain measurements reported for similar bulk single-crystal and piezoceramic compositions. Measurements of single-crystal actuator capacitance and coupling coefficient are also provided. These properties were poorly predicted using scaled bulk material dielectric and coupling coefficient data. Rule-of-mixture calculations of the effective elastic properties of the single-crystal device and estimated actuation work energy densities are also presented. Results indicate longitudinal stiffnesses significantly lower (50% less) than either piezoceramic device. This suggests that single-crystal piezocomposite actuators will be best suited to low induced-stress, high strain, and deflection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - interdigitated electrodes.
KW  - macro fiber composite
KW  - single-crystal piezoelectrics
N1  - Accession Number: 19602925; Wilkie, W. Keats 1; Email Address: william.k.wilkie@nasa.gov; Inman, Daniel J. 2; Lloyd, Justin M. 2; High, James W. 3; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; 2: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p15; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC control; Thesaurus Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: interdigitated electrodes.; Author-Supplied Keyword: macro fiber composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-crystal piezoelectrics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X06055891
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Herring, G. C.
AU  - Elbing, Brian R.
T1  - Calibration of the pressure sensitivity of microphones by a free-field method at frequencies up to 80 kHz.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 119
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 320
EP  - 329
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A free-field (FF) substitution method for calibrating the pressure sensitivity of microphones at frequencies up to 80 kHz is demonstrated with both grazing and normal-incidence geometries. The substitution-based method, as opposed to a simultaneous method, avoids problems associated with the nonuniformity of the sound field and, as applied here, uses a 1/4-in. air-condenser pressure microphone as a known reference. Best results were obtained with a centrifugal fan, which is used as a random, broadband sound source. A broadband source minimizes reflection-related interferences that can plague FF measurements. Calibrations were performed on 1/4-in. FF air-condenser, electret, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphones in an anechoic chamber. The uncertainty of this FF method is estimated by comparing the pressure sensitivity of an air-condenser FF microphone, as derived from the FF measurement, with that of an electrostatic actuator calibration. The root-mean-square difference is found to be ±0.3 dB over the range 1–80 kHz, and the combined standard uncertainty of the FF method, including other significant contributions, is ±0.41 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - FREQUENCY spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 20559979; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 1,2; Herring, G. C. 1; Email Address: g.c.herring@larc.nasa.gov; Elbing, Brian R. 3; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 2 : Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666; 3 : University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;  Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 119 Issue 1, p320; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: FREQUENCY spectra; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2141360
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kakar, Ramesh
AU  - Goodman, Michael
AU  - Hood, Robbie
AU  - Guillory, Anthony
T1  - Overview of the Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX).
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 18
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This paper presents an overview of the Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX), including the field operations, aircraft platforms and missions, instrumentation, and data acquired during 1998 and 2001 field campaigns. A total of eight tropical storms and hurricanes were investigated during the CAMEX field campaigns including Bonnie, Danielle, Earl, and Georges during 1998 and Chantal, Erin, Gabrielle, and Humberto during 2001. Most of these storms were sampled with aircraft over the open ocean, but Hurricanes Bonnie (1998), Georges (1998), and Gabrielle (2001) also provided opportunities to monitor landfalling impacts. A few of the storms were sampled on multiple occasions during a course of several days. Most notable of these was Hurricane Humberto, which was sampled on three consecutive days during a cycle of both increasing and decreasing intensity change. Information collected for each of the eight CAMEX tropical storms as well as the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission validation activities are accessible via the CAMEX Web site and archived at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Hurricanes
KW  - Storms
KW  - Cyclones
N1  - Accession Number: 19546730; Kakar, Ramesh 1; Goodman, Michael 2; Email Address: michael.goodman@nasa.gov; Hood, Robbie 2; Guillory, Anthony 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p5; Thesaurus Term: Moisture; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Condensation; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Hurricanes; Thesaurus Term: Storms; Thesaurus Term: Cyclones; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamineni, Rupa
AU  - Krishnamurti, T. N.
AU  - Pattnaik, S.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
T1  - Impact of CAMEX-4 Datasets for Hurricane Forecasts Using a Global Model.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 151
EP  - 174
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study explores the impact on hurricane data assimilation and forecasts from the use of dropsondes and remotely sensed moisture profiles from the airborne Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) system. It is shown here that the use of these additional datasets, more than those from the conventional world weather watch, has a positive impact on hurricane predictions. The forecast tracks and intensity from the experiments show a marked improvement compared to the control experiment in which such datasets were excluded. A study of the moisture budget in these hurricanes showed enhanced evaporation and precipitation over the storm area. This resulted in these datasets making a large impact on the estimate of mass convergence and moisture fluxes, which were much smaller in the control runs. Overall this study points to the importance of high vertical resolution humidity datasets for improved model results. It is noted that the forecast impact from the moisture-profiling datasets for some of the storms is even larger than the impact from the use of dropwindsonde-based winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hurricanes
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Weather
KW  - Evaporation (Meteorology)
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Storms
KW  - Winds
N1  - Accession Number: 19546728; Kamineni, Rupa 1; Krishnamurti, T. N. 1; Pattnaik, S. 1; Browell, Edward V. 2; Email Address: e.v.browell@larc.nasa.gov; Ismail, Syed 2; Ferrare, Richard A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p151; Thesaurus Term: Hurricanes; Thesaurus Term: Forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Moisture; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Evaporation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Storms; Thesaurus Term: Winds; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Bansemer, Aaron
AU  - Durden, Stephen L.
AU  - Herman, Robert L.
AU  - Bui, T. Paul
T1  - Ice Microphysics Observations in Hurricane Humberto: Comparison with Non-Hurricane-Generated Ice Cloud Layers.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 308
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Measurements are presented that were acquired from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DC-8 aircraft during an intensive 3-day study of Tropical Storm/Hurricane Humberto on 22, 23, and 24 September 2001. Particle size distributions, particle image information, vertical velocities, and single- and dual-wavelength Doppler radar observations were obtained during repeated sampling of the eyewall and outer eye regions. Eyewall sampling temperatures ranged from -22° to -57°C and peak updraft velocities from 4 to 15 m s-1. High concentrations of small ice particles, in the order 50 cm-3 and above, were observed within and around the updrafts. Aggregates, some larger than 7 mm, dominated the larger sizes. The slope of the fitted exponential size distributions λ was distinctly different close to the eye than outside of that region. Even at low temperatures, λ was characteristic of warm temperature growth (λ < 30 cm-1) close to the eye and characteristic of low temperature growth outside of it as well (λ > 100 cm-1). The two modes found for λ are shown to be consistent with observations from nonhurricane ice cloud layers formed through deep convection, but differ markedly from ice cloud layers generated in situ. It is shown that the median, mass-weighted, terminal velocities derived for the Humberto data and from the other datasets are primarily a function of λ. Microphysical measurements and dual wavelength radar observations are used together to infer and interpret particle growth processes. Rain in the lower portions of the eyewall extended up to the 6- or 7-km level. In the outer eye regions, aggregation progressed downward from between 8.5 and 11.9 km to the melting layer, with some graupel noted in rainbands. Homogeneous ice nucleation is implicated in the high concentrations of small ice particles observed in the vicinity of the updrafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice
KW  - Storms
KW  - Hurricanes
KW  - Physical geography
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Low temperatures
KW  - Radar
N1  - Accession Number: 19546738; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: heyms1@ncar.ucar.edu; Bansemer, Aaron 1; Durden, Stephen L. 2; Herman, Robert L. 2; Bui, T. Paul 3; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p288; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Storms; Thesaurus Term: Hurricanes; Thesaurus Term: Physical geography; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Low temperatures; Subject Term: Radar; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Shugart, Herman H.
AU  - Sukhinin, Anatoly
AU  - Conard, Susan
AU  - Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W.
T1  - SATELLITE-DERIVED MEAN FIRE RETURN INTERVALS AS INDICATORS OF CHANGE IN SIBERIA (1995-2002).
JO  - Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
JF  - Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 96
SN  - 13812386
AB  - Under current climate change scenarios, temperatures in Siberia are expected to increase, and consequently, fire is also expected to increase. Potential climate-induced change is difficult to assess in Siberia because ground-based fire data are not complete. This investigation introduces a method by which potential climate-induced change can be remotely evaluated. Mean fire return intervals are established for 58 ecosystems across Siberia using eight years of satellite-based area burned data (1995 to 2002). Mean fire return intervals should decrease under current climate change scenarios, however the results do not currently demonstrate consistent evidence of fire-induced change. The overall boreal forest mean fire return interval is lower than the published mean, inferring increased fire. Most notably, using satellite data to calculate mean fire return intervals in individual ecosystems for the entire population of fire is shown to be a viable method by which potential climate-induced land cover change can be evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Forest fires
KW  - Acclimatization
KW  - Siberia (Russia)
KW  - Russia
KW  - area burned
KW  - AVHRR
KW  - boreal forest
KW  - climate change
KW  - fire
KW  - fire return interval
KW  - satellite
KW  - Siberia
KW  - wildfire
N1  - Accession Number: 21795425; Soja, Amber J. 1; Email Address: a.j.soja@larc.nasa.gov; Shugart, Herman H. 1; Sukhinin, Anatoly 2; Conard, Susan 3; Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22903, USA.; 2: Sukachev Forest Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnojarsk, 660036, Russia.; 3: USDA Forest Service, Rosslyn Plaza-C 4th floor, 1601 North Kent Street, Arlington, Virginia, 22209, USA.; 4: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia, 23681, USA.; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p75; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Forest fires; Thesaurus Term: Acclimatization; Subject: Siberia (Russia); Subject: Russia; Author-Supplied Keyword: area burned; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVHRR; Author-Supplied Keyword: boreal forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire return interval; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Siberia; Author-Supplied Keyword: wildfire; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wulfmeyer, Volker
AU  - Bauer, Hans-Stefan
AU  - Grzeschik, Matthias
AU  - Behrendt, Andreas
AU  - Vandenberghe, Francois
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
T1  - Four-Dimensional Variational Assimilation of Water Vapor Differential Absorption Lidar Data: The First Case Study within IHOP_2002.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 134
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 230
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Four-dimensional variational assimilation of water vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL) data has been applied for investigating their impact on the initial water field for mesoscale weather forecasting. A case that was observed during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) has been selected. During 24 May 2002, data from the NASA Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment were available upstream of a convective system that formed later along the dryline and a cold front. Tools were developed for routinely assimilating water vapor DIAL data into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The results demonstrate a large impact on the initial water vapor field. This is due to the high resolution and accuracy of DIAL data making the observation of the high spatial variability of humidity in the region of the dryline and of the cold front possible. The water vapor field is mainly adjusted by a modification of the atmospheric wind field changing the moisture transport. A positive impact of the improved initial fields on the spatial/temporal prediction of convective initiation is visible. The results demonstrate the high value of accurate, vertically resolved mesoscale water vapor observations and advanced data assimilation systems for short-range weather forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Geophysical prediction
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Moisture -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 19560151; Wulfmeyer, Volker 1; Email Address: wulfmeye@uni-hohenheim.de; Bauer, Hans-Stefan 1; Grzeschik, Matthias 1; Behrendt, Andreas 1; Vandenberghe, Francois 2; Browell, Edward V. 3; Ismail, Syed 3; Ferrare, Richard A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Physik und Meteorologie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; 2: Research Applications Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p209; Thesaurus Term: Condensation; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Moisture; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Geophysical prediction; Thesaurus Term: Forecasting; Subject Term: Moisture -- Measurement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wakimoto, Roger M.
AU  - Murphey, Hanne V.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
T1  - The “Triple Point” on 24 May 2002 during IHOP. Part I: Airborne Doppler and LASE Analyses of the Frontal Boundaries and Convection Initiation.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 134
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 231
EP  - 250
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - An analysis of the initiation of deep convection near the triple point between a cold front and dryline is presented. High-spatial-resolution Doppler wind syntheses combined with vertical cross sections of mixing ratio (q) and aerosol scattering ratio retrieved from a lidar flying over the triple point provide an unprecedented view of the initiation process. The Doppler wind synthesis revealed variability along the dryline similar to the precipitation core/gap structure documented for oceanic cold fronts. Vertical cross sections through the dryline suggest a density current–like structure with the hot and dry air being forced up and over the moist air. Double thin lines associated with moisture gradients were also resolved. The vertical profile of retrieved q, approximately perpendicular to the dryline, showed a pronounced jump in the depth of the moisture layer across the triple point. Analyses of dropsonde data show the existence of virtual potential temperature (θV) gradients across the cold front and the dryline. Although the vertical velocity was strong at the triple point, deep convection initiated ∼50 km to the east. The location where convection first developed was characterized by a prominent aerosol and moisture plume, reduced static stability, and the largest potential instability. An internal gravity wave may have provided the lift to initiate convection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cold (Temperature)
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Doppler radar
KW  - Heat -- Convection
KW  - Doppler effect
N1  - Accession Number: 19560150; Wakimoto, Roger M. 1; Email Address: wakimoto@ucar.edu; Murphey, Hanne V. 1; Browell, Edward V. 2; Ismail, Syed 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p231; Thesaurus Term: Cold (Temperature); Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Condensation; Subject Term: Doppler radar; Subject Term: Heat -- Convection; Subject Term: Doppler effect; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linde, Charlotte
T1  - Shouldering Risks: The Culture of Control in the Nuclear Power Industry.
JO  - Technology & Culture
JF  - Technology & Culture
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 226
EP  - 227
SN  - 0040165X
AB  - Reviewed: Shouldering Risks: The Culture of Control in the Nuclear Power Industry. Perin, Constance.
KW  - NUCLEAR industry
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - CORPORATE culture
KW  - Perin, Constance
KW  - PERIN, Constance
KW  - SHOULDERING Risks: The Culture of Control in the Nuclear Power Industry (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 20601499; Linde, Charlotte 1; Affiliations: 1 : Senior Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center;  Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p226; Note: Publication Information: Princeton: Princeton U. Pr., 2005. 379 pp.; Historical Period: 1970 to 2003; Subject Term: NUCLEAR industry; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Subject Term: CORPORATE culture; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ahl
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tsuji, Joyce S.
AU  - Maynard, Andrew D.
AU  - Howard, Paul C.
AU  - John T. James
AU  - Chiu-Wing Lam
AU  - Warheit, David B.
AU  - Santamariak, Annette B.
T1  - Research Strategies for Safety Evaluation of Nanomaterials, Part IV: Risk Assessment of Nanoparticles.
JO  - Toxicological Sciences
JF  - Toxicological Sciences
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 89
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 50
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 10966080
AB  - Nanoparticles are small-scale substances (<100 nm) with unique properties and, thus, complex exposure and health risk implications. This symposium review summarizes recent findings in exposure and toxicity of nanoparticles and their application for assessing human health risks. Characterization of airborne particles indicates that exposures will depend on particle behavior (e.g., disperse or aggregate) and that accurate, portable, and cost-effective measurement techniques are essential for understanding exposure. Under many conditions, dermal penetration of nanoparticles may be limited for consumer products such as sunscreens, although additional studies are needed on potential photooxidation products, experimental methods, and the effect of skin condition on penetration. Carbon nanotubes apparently have greater pulmonary toxicity (inflammation, granuloma) in mice than fine-scale carbon graphite, and their metal content may affect toxicity. Studies on TiO2 and quartz illustrate the complex relationship between toxicity and particle characteristics, including surface coatings, which make generalizations (e.g., smaller particles are always more toxic) incorrect for some substances. These recent toxicity and exposure data, combined with therapeutic and other related literature, are beginning to shape risk assessments that will be used to regulate the use of nanomaterials in consumer products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Toxicological Sciences is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Health risk assessment
KW  - Toxicity testing
KW  - Nanoparticles
KW  - Airborne infection
KW  - Inflammation
KW  - Granuloma
KW  - exposure assessment
KW  - nanoparticles
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - risk assessment
N1  - Accession Number: 20605838; Tsuji, Joyce S. 1; Email Address: tsujij@exponent.com; Maynard, Andrew D. 2; Howard, Paul C. 3; John T. James 4; Chiu-Wing Lam 4; Warheit, David B. 5; Santamariak, Annette B. 6; Affiliations: 1: Exponent, Bellevue, Washington 98007; 2: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, DC 20004-3027; 3: National Center for Toxicological Research and National Toxicology Program Center for Phototoxicology, U.S. Food & Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas 77058; 5: DuPont Haskell Laboratory, Newark, Delaware 19714; 6: Environ International, Houston, Texas 77002; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 89 Issue 1, p42; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Health risk assessment; Thesaurus Term: Toxicity testing; Subject Term: Nanoparticles; Subject Term: Airborne infection; Subject Term: Inflammation; Subject Term: Granuloma; Author-Supplied Keyword: exposure assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: risk assessment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/toxsci/kfi339
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sulima, O. V.
AU  - Swaminathan, K.
AU  - Refaat, T. F.
AU  - Faleev, N. N.
AU  - Semenov, A. N.
AU  - Solov'ev, V. A.
AU  - Ivanov, S. V.
AU  - Abedin, M. N.
AU  - Singh, U. N.
AU  - Prather, D.
T1  - 2.4 µm cutoff wavelength AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistors.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2006/01/05/
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 56
SN  - 00135194
AB  - The first AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistors with a cutoff wavelength (50% of peak responsivity) of 2.4 µm operating in a broad range of temperatures are reported. These devices are also the first AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb heterojunction phototransistors (HPT) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The new MBE-grown HPT exhibited both high responsivity R (up to 2334 A/W for λ=2.05 µm at-20°C) and specific detectivity D* (up to 2.1×1011 cmHz1/2/W for λ=2.05µm at -20°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - LENGTH measurement
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - HETEROJUNCTIONS
KW  - HETEROSTRUCTURES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR junctions
N1  - Accession Number: 19406466; Sulima, O. V. 1; Email Address: osulima@udel.com; Swaminathan, K. 1; Refaat, T. F. 2; Faleev, N. N. 1; Semenov, A. N. 3; Solov'ev, V. A. 3; Ivanov, S. V. 3; Abedin, M. N. 4; Singh, U. N. 4; Prather, D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, 140 Evans Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA; 2: Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 3: Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, Russia 194021; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 1/5/2006, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: LENGTH measurement; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: HETEROJUNCTIONS; Subject Term: HETEROSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR junctions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el:20063904
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - Montmessin, F.
AU  - Hourdin, F.
AU  - Lebonnois, S.
T1  - The Latitudinal Distribution of Clouds on Titan.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/01/13/
VL  - 311
IS  - 5758
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 205
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Clouds have been observed recently on Titan, through the thick haze, using near-infrared spectroscopy and images near the south pole and in temperate regions near 40°S. Recent telescope and Cassini orbiter observations are now providing an insight into cloud climatology. To study clouds, we have developed a general circulation model of Titan that includes cloud microphysics. We identify and explain the formation of several types of ethane and methane clouds, including south polar clouds and sporadic clouds in temperate regions and especially at 40° in the summer hemisphere. The locations, frequencies, and composition of these cloud types are essentially explained by the large-scale circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Climatology
KW  - General circulation model
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Telescopes
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
KW  - South Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 19531603; Rannou, P. 1; Email Address: pra@aero.jussieu.fr; Montmessin, F. 1,2; Hourdin, F. 3; Lebonnois, S. 3; Affiliations: 1: Service d'Aéronomic, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin, BP3, 91371 Verrières le Buisson, France.; 2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 3: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, Université de Paris 6, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.; Issue Info: 1/13/2006, Vol. 311 Issue 5758, p201; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: General circulation model; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Telescopes; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Subject: South Pole; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3914
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katzberg, Stephen J.
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Grant, Michael S.
AU  - Masters, Dallas
T1  - Utilizing calibrated GPS reflected signals to estimate soil reflectivity and dielectric constant: Results from SMEX02
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/01/15/
VL  - 100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
EP  - 28
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Extensive reflected GPS data was collected using a GPS reflectometer installed on an HC130 aircraft during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) near Ames, Iowa. At the same time, widespread surface truth data was acquired in the form of point soil moisture profiles, areal sampling of near-surface soil moisture, total green biomass and precipitation history, among others. Previously, there have been no reported efforts to calibrate reflected GPS data sets acquired over land. This paper reports the results of two approaches to calibration of the data that yield consistent results. It is shown that estimating the strength of the reflected signals by either (1) assuming an approximately specular surface reflection or (2) inferring the surface slope probability density and associated normalization constants give essentially the same results for the conditions encountered in SMEX02. The corrected data is converted to surface reflectivity and then to dielectric constant as a test of the calibration approaches. Utilizing the extensive in-situ soil moisture related data this paper also presents the results of comparing the GPS-inferred relative dielectric constant with the Wang–Schmugge model frequently used to relate volume moisture content to dielectric constant. It is shown that the calibrated GPS reflectivity estimates follow the expected dependence of permittivity with volume moisture, but with the following qualification: The soil moisture value governing the reflectivity appears to come from only the top 1–2 cm of soil, a result consistent with results found for other microwave techniques operating at L-band. Nevertheless, the experimentally derived dielectric constant is generally lower than predicted. Possible explanations are presented to explain this result. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Soil physics
KW  - Soil infiltration rate
KW  - GPS
KW  - Reflected GPS
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - SMEX02
KW  - Soil dielectric constant
N1  - Accession Number: 19306831; Katzberg, Stephen J. 1; Torres, Omar 1; Email Address: omar.torres-1@nasa.gov; Grant, Michael S. 1; Masters, Dallas 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Issue Info: Jan2006, Vol. 100 Issue 1, p17; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Soil physics; Thesaurus Term: Soil infiltration rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reflected GPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: SMEX02; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil dielectric constant; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.09.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forget, F.
AU  - Haberle, R.M.
AU  - Montmessin, F.
AU  - Levrard, B.
AU  - Head, J.W.
T1  - Formation of Glaciers on Mars by Atmospheric Precipitation at High Obliquity.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 311
IS  - 5759
M3  - Article
SP  - 368
EP  - 371
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Surface conditions on Mars are currently cold and dry, with water ice unstable on the surface except near the poles. However, geologically recent gladerlike landforms have been identified in the tropics and the midlatitudes of Mars. The ice has been proposed to originate from either a subsurface reservoir or the atmosphere. We present high-resolution climate simulations performed with a model designed to simulate the present-day Mars water cycle but assuming a 45° obliquity as experienced by Mars a few million years ago. The model predicts ice accumulation in regions where glacier landforms are observed, on the western flanks of the great volcanoes and in the eastern Hellas region. This agreement points to an atmospheric origin for the ice and reveals how precipitation could have formed glaciers on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Glaciers
KW  - Bodies of water
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Glaciology
KW  - Landscapes
KW  - Ice fields
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Landforms
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 19603417; Forget, F. 1; Email Address: forget@lmd.jussieu.fr; Haberle, R.M. 2; Montmessin, F. 3; Levrard, B. 4; Head, J.W. 5; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Paris 6 Boite Postale 99, 75252 Paris codex 05, France.; 2: Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 3: Service D'Aéronomie, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Paris 6 Box Postale 102, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.; 4: Astronomie et Systèmes Dynamiques, Institut de Mécanique Céleste, 77 Avenue Denfert Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France.; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.; Issue Info: 1/20/2006, Vol. 311 Issue 5759, p368; Thesaurus Term: Glaciers; Thesaurus Term: Bodies of water; Thesaurus Term: Geomorphology; Thesaurus Term: Glaciology; Thesaurus Term: Landscapes; Thesaurus Term: Ice fields; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Landforms; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Surface; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2945
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuxart, J.
AU  - Holtslag, A. A. M.
AU  - Beare, R. J.
AU  - Bazile, E.
AU  - Beljaars, A.
AU  - Cheng, A.
AU  - Conangla, L.
AU  - Ek, M.
AU  - Freedman, F.
AU  - Hamdi, R.
AU  - Kerstein, A.
AU  - Kitagawa, H.
AU  - Lenderink, G.
AU  - Lewellen, D.
AU  - Mailhot, J.
AU  - Mauritsen, T.
AU  - Perov, V.
AU  - Schayes, G.
AU  - Steeneveld, G.-J.
AU  - Svensson, G.
T1  - Single-Column Model Intercomparison for a Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer.
JO  - Boundary-Layer Meteorology
JF  - Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 118
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 303
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00068314
AB  - The parameterization of the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer is a difficult issue, having a significant impact on medium-range weather forecasts and climate integrations. To pursue this further, a moderately stratified Arctic case is simulated by nineteen single-column turbulence schemes. Statistics from a large-eddy simulation intercomparison made for the same case by eleven different models are used as a guiding reference. The single-column parameterizations include research and operational schemes from major forecast and climate research centres. Results from first-order schemes, a large number of turbulence kinetic energy closures, and other models were used. There is a large spread in the results; in general, the operational schemes mix over a deeper layer than the research schemes, and the turbulence kinetic energy and other higher-order closures give results closer to the statistics obtained from the large-eddy simulations. The sensitivities of the schemes to the parameters of their turbulence closures are partially explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Boundary-Layer Meteorology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric turbulence
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Turbulence
KW  - Eddies
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Boundary layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - GABLS
KW  - Intercomparison
KW  - Mixing coefficients
KW  - Single-column models
KW  - Stably stratified flows
KW  - Turbulence parameterizations
N1  - Accession Number: 21359078; Cuxart, J. 1; Email Address: joan.cuxart@uib.es; Holtslag, A. A. M. 2; Beare, R. J. 3; Bazile, E. 4; Beljaars, A. 5; Cheng, A. 6; Conangla, L. 7; Ek, M. 8; Freedman, F. 8; Hamdi, R. 9; Kerstein, A. 10; Kitagawa, H. 11; Lenderink, G. 12; Lewellen, D. 13; Mailhot, J. 14; Mauritsen, T. 15; Perov, V. 16; Schayes, G. 9; Steeneveld, G.-J. 2; Svensson, G. 15; Affiliations: 1: Univ. de les Illes Balears, Dpt. Física, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; 2: Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University, The Netherlands; 3: Met Office, U.K.; 4: Météo-France, Toulouse, France; 5: European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast, Reading, U.K.; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, U.S.A.; 7: Univ. Politècnica de Catalunya, Dpt. Física Aplicada, Manresa, Spain; 8: NOAA-NCEP, Camp Springs, MD, U.S.A; 9: Universit&#x00E Catholique de Louvain, IAG G. Lemaître, Louvain la neuve, Belgium; 10: Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, U.S.A.; 11: Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan; 12: KNMI, Royal Netherlands Met. Institute, de Bilt, The Netherlands; 13: West Virginia University, WV, U.S.A.; 14: Meteorological Service of Canada, Dorval, Quebec, Canada; 15: Stockholm University, Dpt. Meteorology, Stockholm, Sweden; 16: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrkoping, Sweden; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 118 Issue 2, p273; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric turbulence; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Hydrodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Turbulence; Subject Term: Eddies; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Aerodynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: GABLS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixing coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-column models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stably stratified flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence parameterizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10546-005-3780-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Camanho, Pedro P.
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
AU  - Pinho, Silvestre T.
AU  - Iannucci, Lorenzo
AU  - Robinson, Paul
T1  - Prediction of in situ strengths and matrix cracking in composites under transverse tension and in-plane shear
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 176
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: A criterion for matrix failure of laminated composite plies in transverse tension and in-plane shear is developed by examining the mechanics of transverse matrix crack growth. Matrix cracks are assumed to initiate from manufacturing defects and can propagate within planes parallel to the fiber direction and normal to the ply mid-plane. Fracture mechanics models of cracks in unidirectional laminates, embedded plies and outer plies are used to determine the onset and direction of propagation of crack growth. The models for each ply configuration relate ply thickness and ply toughness to the corresponding in situ ply strength. Calculated results for several materials are shown to correlate well with experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANUFACTURES
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - Failure criterion
KW  - Fracture
KW  - In situ strengths
N1  - Accession Number: 19697239; Camanho, Pedro P. 1; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt; Dávila, Carlos G. 2; Pinho, Silvestre T. 3; Iannucci, Lorenzo 3; Robinson, Paul 3; Affiliations: 1: DEMEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 3: Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BY, UK; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p165; Thesaurus Term: MANUFACTURES; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure criterion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ strengths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339999 All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339990 All other miscellaneous manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.04.023
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DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rouner, Donna
AU  - Lindsey, Rebecca
T1  - Female Adolescent Communication About Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
JO  - Health Communication
JF  - Health Communication
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 38
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10410236
AB  - Health researchers acknowledge a limited understanding of the social context of adolescents regarding their communication and decision making about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Using in-depth interviews, this study examines 18-year-old women regarding their self-concepts about STD communication, including their perceived and actual knowledge levels. Fifteen first-year college students from a Western university showed strong self-concepts and high perceived knowledge relative to sexual decision making and communication. The women's actual knowledge holding, however, was low. They demonstrated difficulty finding information from mediated sources with either high regard or mistrust of new information technologies for such information and limited use of interpersonal communication sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Health Communication is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Communication
KW  - Interpersonal communication
KW  - Sexually transmitted diseases
KW  - Communicable diseases
KW  - Sexual health
KW  - Teenage girls
KW  - Teenagers
KW  - College students
KW  - Universities & colleges
N1  - Accession Number: 20006834; Rouner, Donna 1; Email Address: donna.rouner@colostate.edu; Lindsey, Rebecca 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Journalism and Technical Communication, Colorado State University; 2: Earth Observatory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p29; Thesaurus Term: Communication; Thesaurus Term: Interpersonal communication; Subject Term: Sexually transmitted diseases; Subject Term: Communicable diseases; Subject Term: Sexual health; Subject Term: Teenage girls; Subject Term: Teenagers; Subject Term: College students; Subject Term: Universities & colleges; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anagnostou, Dimitrios E.
AU  - Guizhen Zheng
AU  - Chryssomallis, Michael T.
AU  - Lyke, James C.
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Christodoulou, Christos G.
T1  - Design, fabrication, and measurements of an RF-MEMS-based self-similar reconfigurable antenna.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2006/02//Feb2006 Part 1
Y1  - 2006/02//Feb2006 Part 1
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 422
EP  - 432
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Reconfigurability in an antenna system is a desired characteristic that has been the focus of much research in recent years. In this work, ohmic contact cantilever RF-MEMS switches are integrated with self-similar planar antennas to provide a reconfigurable antenna system that radiates similar patterns over a wide range of frequencies. The different issues encountered during the integration of the MEMS switches and the overall system design procedure are described herein. The final model radiates at three widely separated frequencies with very similar radiation patterns. The proposed concept can be extended to reconfigurable linear antenna arrays or to more complex antenna structures with large improvements in antenna performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ANTENNA radiation patterns
KW  - SILICON
KW  - RADIO frequency
N1  - Accession Number: 52037836; Source Information: Feb2006 Part 1, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p422; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ANTENNA radiation patterns; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2005.863399
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolaou, Symeon
AU  - Bairavasubramanian, Ramanan
AU  - Lugo Jr., Cesar
AU  - Carrasquillo, Ileana
AU  - Thompson, Dane C.
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - Pattern and frequency reconfigurable annular slot antenna using PIN diodes.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2006/02//Feb2006 Part 1
Y1  - 2006/02//Feb2006 Part 1
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 439
EP  - 448
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - This paper presents the use of pin diodes to reconfigure the impedance match and modify the radiation pattern of an annular slot antenna (ASA). The planar antenna is fabricated on one side of a Duroid substrate and the microstrip feeding line with the matching network is fabricated on the opposite side of the board. The central frequency is 5.8 GHz and, by reconfiguring the matching circuit, the antenna was also designed to operate at 5.2 and 6.4 GHz. Pin diodes are also used to short the ASA in preselected positions along the circumference, thereby changing the direction of the in the plane defined by the circular slot changes. As a proof of concept, two pin diodes are placed 45° on both sides of the feeding line along the ASA and the direction of the is shown to align with the direction defined by the circular slot center and the diode. Consequently, a design that is reconfigurable in both frequency and radiation pattern is accomplished. Return loss and radiation pattern measurements and simulations are presented, which are in very good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SLOT antennas
KW  - ANTENNA radiation patterns
KW  - PIN diodes
KW  - DIODES
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
N1  - Accession Number: 52037838; Source Information: Feb2006 Part 1, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p439; Subject Term: SLOT antennas; Subject Term: ANTENNA radiation patterns; Subject Term: PIN diodes; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2005.863398
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuo, Spencer P.
AU  - Bivolaru, Daniel
T1  - A Pulsed Plasma Torch and Its Performance in a Mach 2.5 Supersonic Flow.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2006/02//
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 69
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Characteristics of torch plasma that is intended as an ignition aid within a scramjet engine are studied in a Mach 2.5 wind tunnel. This torch system, with its high-voltage discharge between the electrodes of a torch module, is operated in pulsed mode. The plasma jet generated by this torch module is diagnosed by the discharge power and through imaging of its plume in a quiescent environment and in a supersonic crossflow. This torch can deliver up to 100 J in each pulse. Within the Mach-2.5 supersonic flow, which approximates the scramjet-engine startup condition, the penetration height and the volume of torch plume into the crossflow are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA jets
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - PLASMA devices
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ELECTRODES
N1  - Accession Number: 20229956; Source Information: Feb2006, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p63; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: PLASMA devices; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2005.863596
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Christina Louise
AU  - Peters, Richard Alan
AU  - Bodenheimer, Robert E.
AU  - Bluethmann, William J.
AU  - Huber, Eric
AU  - Ambrose, Robert O.
T1  - Superpositioning of Behaviors Learned Through Teleoperation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
PY  - 2006/02//
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 91
SN  - 15523098
AB  - This paper reports that the superposition of a small set of behaviors, learned via teleoperation, can lead to robust completion of an articulated reach-and-grasp task. The results support the hypothesis that a robot can learn to interact purpose- fully with its environment through a developmental acquisition of sensory-motor coordination. Teleoperation can bootstrap the process by enabling the robot to observe its own sensory responses to actions that lead to specific outcomes within an environment. It is shown that a reach-and-grasp task, learned by an articulated robot through a small number of teleoperated trials, can be performed autonomously with success in the face of significant variations in the environment and perturbations of the goal. In particular, teleoperation of the robot to reach and grasp an object at nine different locations in its workspace enabled robust autonomous performance of the task anywhere within the workspace. Superpositioning was performed using the Verbs and Adverbs algorithm that was developed originally for the graphical animation of articulated characters. The work was performed on Robonaut, the NASA space-capable humanoid at Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - LEARNING
KW  - SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics)
KW  - ROBOTS
KW  - PERCEPTUAL motor learning
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 19955963; Source Information: Feb2006, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p79; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: LEARNING; Subject Term: SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics); Subject Term: ROBOTS; Subject Term: PERCEPTUAL motor learning; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DENNEY, EWEN
AU  - FISCHER, BERND
AU  - SCHUMANN, JOHANN
T1  - AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF AUTOMATED THEOREM PROVERS IN SOFTWARE CERTIFICATION.
JO  - International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools
JF  - International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 107
SN  - 02182130
AB  - We describe a system for the automated certification of safety properties of NASA software. The system uses Hoare-style program verification technology to generate proof obligations which are then processed by an automated first-order theorem prover (ATP). We discuss the unique requirements this application places on the ATPs, focusing on automation, proof checking, traceability, and usability, and describe the resulting system architecture, including a certification browser that maintains and displays links between obligations and source code locations. For full automation, the obligations must be aggressively preprocessed and simplified, and we demonstrate how the individual simplification stages, which are implemented by rewriting, influence the ability of the ATPs to solve the proof tasks. Our results are based on 13 comprehensive certification experiments that lead to 366 top-level safety obligations and ultimately to more than 25,000 proof tasks which have been used to determine the suitability of the high-performance provers DCTP, E-Setheo, E, Gandalf, Otter, Setheo, Spass, and Vampire, and our associated infrastructure. The proofs found by Otter have been checked by Ivy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - AUTOMATIC theorem proving
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - automated theorem proving
KW  - Hoare logic
KW  - program synthesis
KW  - proof checking
KW  - Software certification
KW  - traceability
KW  - verification condition generator
N1  - Accession Number: 19493642; DENNEY, EWEN 1; Email Address: edenney@email.arc.nasa.gov; FISCHER, BERND 1; Email Address: fisch@email.arc.nasa.gov; SCHUMANN, JOHANN 1; Email Address: schumann@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: RIACS/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-2, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p81; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER software; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER systems; Thesaurus Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: AUTOMATIC theorem proving; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: automated theorem proving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hoare logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: program synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: proof checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software certification; Author-Supplied Keyword: traceability; Author-Supplied Keyword: verification condition generator; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 1 Illustration, 4 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whiteman, D. N.
AU  - Demoz, B.
AU  - Di Girolamo, P.
AU  - Comer, J.
AU  - Veselovskii, I.
AU  - Evans, K.
AU  - Wang, Z.
AU  - Sabatino, D.
AU  - Schwemmer, G.
AU  - Gentry, B.
AU  - Lin, R-F.
AU  - Behrendt, A.
AU  - Wulfmeyer, V.
AU  - Browell, E.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Ismail, S.
AU  - Wang, J.
T1  - Raman Lidar Measurements during the International H2O Project. Part II: Case Studies.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 170
EP  - 183
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The NASA GSFC Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL) participated in the International H2O Project (IHOP) that occurred in May and June 2002 in the midwestern part of the United States. The SRL system configuration and methods of data analysis were described in Part I of this paper. In this second part, comparisons of SRL water vapor measurements and those of Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) airborne water vapor lidar and chilled-mirror radiosonde are performed. Two case studies are then presented: one for daytime and one for nighttime. The daytime case study is of a convectively driven boundary layer event and is used to characterize the daytime SRL water vapor random error characteristics. The nighttime case study is of a thunderstorm-generated cirrus cloud case that is studied in its meteorological context. Upper-tropospheric humidification due to precipitation from the cirrus cloud is quantified as is the cirrus cloud optical depth, extinction-to-backscatter ratio, ice water content, cirrus particle size, and both particle and volume depolarization ratios. A stability and back-trajectory analysis is performed to study the origin of wave activity in one of the cloud layers. These unprecedented cirrus cloud measurements are being used in a cirrus cloud modeling study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiosondes
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Raman effect
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Humidity control
KW  - Upper atmosphere -- Radiosonde observations
KW  - Physics instruments
KW  - Geophysical instruments
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 20043397; Whiteman, D. N. 1; Email Address: david.n.whiteman@nasa.gov; Demoz, B. 1; Di Girolamo, P. 2; Comer, J. 3; Veselovskii, I. 4; Evans, K. 4; Wang, Z. 5; Sabatino, D. 2; Schwemmer, G. 1; Gentry, B. 1; Lin, R-F. 4; Behrendt, A. 6; Wulfmeyer, V. 6; Browell, E. 7; Ferrare, R. 7; Ismail, S. 7; Wang, J. 8; Affiliations: 1: NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: DIFA, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; 3: Science Systems Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland; 4: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 5: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; 6: University of Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Germany; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia; 8: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p170; Thesaurus Term: Radiosondes; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; Subject Term: Raman effect; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject Term: Humidity control; Subject Term: Upper atmosphere -- Radiosonde observations; Subject Term: Physics instruments; Subject Term: Geophysical instruments; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 23 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kirkpatrick, M. P.
AU  - Ackerman, A. S.
AU  - Stevens, D. E.
AU  - Mansour, N. N.
T1  - On the Application of the Dynamic Smagorinsky Model to Large-Eddy Simulations of the Cloud-Topped Atmospheric Boundary Layer.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 526
EP  - 546
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - In this paper the dynamic Smagorinsky model originally developed for engineering flows is adapted for simulations of the cloud-topped atmospheric boundary layer in which an anelastic form of the governing equations is used. The adapted model accounts for local buoyancy sources, vertical density stratification, and poor resolution close to the surface and calculates additional model coefficients for the subgrid-scale fluxes of potential temperature and total water mixing ratio. Results obtained with the dynamic model are compared with those obtained using two nondynamic models for simulations of a nocturnal marine stratocumulus cloud deck observed during the first research flight of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field experiment. The dynamic Smagorinsky model is found to give better agreement with the observations for all parameters and statistics. The dynamic model also gives improved spatial convergence and resolution independence over the nondynamic models. The good results obtained with the dynamic model appear to be due primarily to the fact that it calculates minimal subgrid-scale fluxes at the inversion. Based on other results in the literature, it is suggested that entrainment in the DYCOMS-II case is due predominantly to isolated mixing events associated with overturning internal waves. While the behavior of the dynamic model is consistent with this entrainment mechanism, a similar tendency to switch off subgrid-scale fluxes at an interface is also observed in a case in which gradient transport by small-scale eddies has been found to be important. This indicates that there may be problems associated with the application of the dynamic model close to flow interfaces. One issue here involves the plane-averaging procedure used to stabilize the model, which is not justified when the averaging plane intersects a deforming interface. More fundamental, however, is that the behavior may be due to insufficient resolution in this region of the flow. The implications of this are discussed with reference to both dynamic and nondynamic subgrid-scale models, and a new approach to turbulence modeling for large-eddy simulations is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Engineering
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric density
KW  - Internal friction
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Buoyant ascent (Hydrodynamics)
KW  - Wave resistance (Hydrodynamics)
KW  - Fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 19967760; Kirkpatrick, M. P. 1,2,3; Email Address: michael.kirkpatrick@utas.edu.au; Ackerman, A. S. 4; Stevens, D. E. 5; Mansour, N. N. 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California; 2: School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia; 3: Michael Kirkpatrick, School of Engineering, Private Bag 65, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 5: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 63 Issue 2, p526; Thesaurus Term: Engineering; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric density; Subject Term: Internal friction; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Buoyant ascent (Hydrodynamics); Subject Term: Wave resistance (Hydrodynamics); Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dehkordi, John
T1  - The NASA Ames Research Center considered various options in its decision to upgrade its system.
JO  - Transmission & Distribution World
JF  - Transmission & Distribution World
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 50
EP  - 56
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 10870849
AB  - The article reports developments on the upgrading project of the protection system of NASA Ames Research Center in the U.S. The research center is upgrading its protection system to meet the requirements for increased reliability under different conditions. The article also discusses about the dual-powered protection relays.
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - ACCELERATED life testing
KW  - BUILDINGS -- Power supply
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19969375; Dehkordi, John 1; Email Address: jdehkordi@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p50; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH institutes; Thesaurus Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: ACCELERATED life testing; Subject Term: BUILDINGS -- Power supply; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckermann, Stephen D.
AU  - Dörnbrack, Andreas
AU  - Vosper, Simon B.
AU  - Flentje, Harald
AU  - Mahoney, M. J.
AU  - Bui, T. Paul
AU  - Carslaw, Kenneth S.
T1  - Mountain Wave–Induced Polar Stratospheric Cloud Forecasts for Aircraft Science Flights during SOLVE/THESEO 2000.
JO  - Weather & Forecasting
JF  - Weather & Forecasting
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 68
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08828156
AB  - The results of a multimodel forecasting effort to predict mountain wave–induced polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) for airborne science during the third Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000) Arctic ozone campaign are assessed. The focus is on forecasts for five flights of NASA's instrumented DC-8 research aircraft in which PSCs observed by onboard aerosol lidars were identified as wave related. Aircraft PSC measurements over northern Scandinavia on 25–27 January 2000 were accurately forecast by the mountain wave models several days in advance, permitting coordinated quasi-Lagrangian flights that measured their composition and structure in unprecedented detail. On 23 January 2000 mountain wave ice PSCs were forecast over eastern Greenland. Thick layers of wave-induced ice PSC were measured by DC-8 aerosol lidars in regions along the flight track where the forecasts predicted enhanced stratospheric mountain wave amplitudes. The data from these flights, which were planned using this forecast guidance, have substantially improved the overall understanding of PSC microphysics within mountain waves. Observations of PSCs south of the DC-8 flight track on 30 November 1999 are consistent with forecasts of mountain wave–induced ice clouds over southern Scandinavia, and are validated locally using radiosonde data. On the remaining two flights wavelike PSCs were reported in regions where no mountain wave PSCs were forecast. For 10 December 1999, it is shown that locally generated mountain waves could not have propagated into the stratosphere where the PSCs were observed, confirming conclusions of other recent studies. For the PSC observed on 14 January 2000 over northern Greenland, recent work indicates that nonorographic gravity waves radiated from the jet stream produced this PSC, confirming the original forecast of no mountain wave influence. This forecast is validated further by comparing with a nearby ER-2 flight segment to the south of the DC-8, which intercepted and measured local stratospheric mountain waves with properties similar to those predicted. In total, the original forecast guidance proves to be consistent with PSC data acquired from all five of these DC-8 flights. The work discussed herein highlights areas where improvements can be made in future wave PSC forecasting campaigns, such as use of anelastic rather than Boussinesq linearized gridpoint models and a need to forecast stratospheric gravity waves from sources other than mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Weather & Forecasting is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric turbulence
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Influence of mountains on weather
KW  - Geophysical prediction
KW  - Mountain wave
N1  - Accession Number: 19996555; Eckermann, Stephen D. 1; Email Address: stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil; Dörnbrack, Andreas 2; Vosper, Simon B. 3; Flentje, Harald 2; Mahoney, M. J. 4; Bui, T. Paul 5; Carslaw, Kenneth S. 6; Affiliations: 1: E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC; 2: DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 3: Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 5: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 6: School of the Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p42; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric turbulence; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Influence of mountains on weather; Thesaurus Term: Geophysical prediction; Subject Term: Mountain wave; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilber, Anne C.
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - Annual Cycles of Surface Shortwave Radiative Fluxes.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/02/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 535
EP  - 547
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The annual cycles of surface shortwave flux are investigated using the 8-yr dataset of the surface radiation budget (SRB) components for the period July 1983–June 1991. These components include the downward, upward, and net shortwave radiant fluxes at the earth's surface. The seasonal cycles are quantified in terms of principal components that describe the temporal variations and empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) that describe the spatial patterns. The major part of the variation is simply due to the variation of the insolation at the top of the atmosphere, especially for the first term, which describes 92.4% of the variance for the downward shortwave flux. However, for the second term, which describes 4.1% of the variance, the effect of clouds is quite important and the effect of clouds dominates the third term, which describes 2.4% of the variance. To a large degree the second and third terms are due to the response of clouds to the annual cycle of solar forcing. For net shortwave flux at the surface, similar variances are described by each term. The regional values of the EOFs are related to climate classes, thereby defining the range of annual cycles of shortwave radiation for each climate class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Weather
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Geography
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Electromagnetic waves
N1  - Accession Number: 20043410; Wilber, Anne C. 1; Email Address: a.c.wilber@larc.nasa.gov; Smith, G. Louis 2; Gupta, Shashi K. 1; Stackhouse, Paul W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p535; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Thesaurus Term: Geography; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Electromagnetic waves; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Lin, Bing
T1  - Remote sensing of evapotranspiration and carbon uptake at Harvard Forest
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/02/15/
VL  - 100
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 379
EP  - 387
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: A land surface vegetation index, defined as the difference of microwave land surface emissivity at 19 and 37 GHz, was calculated for a heavily forested area in north central Massachusetts. The microwave emissivity difference vegetation index (EDVI) was estimated from satellite SSM/I measurements at the defined wavelengths and used to estimate land surface turbulent fluxes. Narrowband visible and infrared measurements and broadband solar radiation observations were used in the EDVI retrievals and turbulent flux estimations. The EDVI values represent physical properties of crown vegetation such as vegetation water content of crown canopies. The collocated land surface turbulent and radiative fluxes were empirically linked together by the EDVI values. The EDVI values are statistically sensitive to evapotranspiration fractions (EF) with a correlation coefficient (R) greater than 0.79 under all-sky conditions. For clear skies, EDVI estimates exhibit a stronger relationship with EF than normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Furthermore, the products of EDVI and input energy (solar and photosynthetically active radiation) are statistically significantly correlated to evapotranspiration (R =0.95) and CO2 uptake flux (R =0.74), respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Water supply
KW  - Evaporation (Meteorology)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Eddy flux
KW  - Carbon uptake
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Microwave emissivity
KW  - Vegetation water content
N1  - Accession Number: 19597481; Min, Qilong 1; Email Address: min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; Lin, Bing 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, United States; 2: Radiation and Aerosols Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, United States; Issue Info: Feb2006, Vol. 100 Issue 3, p379; Thesaurus Term: Water supply; Thesaurus Term: Evaporation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Eddy flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon uptake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evapotranspiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave emissivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation water content; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.10.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Showalter, Mark R.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - The Second Ring-Moon System of Uranus: Discovery and Dynamics.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/02/17/
VL  - 311
IS  - 5763
M3  - Article
SP  - 973
EP  - 977
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Deep exposures of Uranus taken with the Hubble Space Telescope reveal two small moons and two faint rings. All of them orbit outside of Uranus's previously known (main) ring system but are interior to the large, classical moons. The outer new moon, U XXVI Mab, orbits at roughly twice the radius of the main rings and shares its orbit with a dust ring. The second moon, U XXVII Cupid, orbits just interior to the satellite Belinda. A second ring falls between the orbits of Portia and Rosalind, in a region with no known source bodies. Collectively, these constitute a densely packed, rapidly varying, and possibly unstable dynamical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Uranus (Planet)
KW  - Outer planets
KW  - Uranus (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Moon
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Orbital mechanics
KW  - Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 19904916; Showalter, Mark R. 1; Email Address: mshowalter@seti.org; Lissauer, Jack J. 2; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2/17/2006, Vol. 311 Issue 5763, p973; Subject Term: Uranus (Planet); Subject Term: Outer planets; Subject Term: Uranus (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Moon; Subject Term: Orbits; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Orbital mechanics ; Company/Entity: Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4883
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popp, P. J.
AU  - Marcy, T. P.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Kärcher, B.
AU  - Fahey, D. W.
AU  - Gao, R. S.
AU  - Thompson, T. L.
AU  - Rosenlof, K. H.
AU  - Richard, E. C.
AU  - Herman, R. L.
AU  - Weinstock, E. M.
AU  - Smith, J. B.
AU  - May, R. D.
AU  - Vömel, H.
AU  - Wilson, J. C.
AU  - Heymsfield, A. J.
AU  - Mahoney, M. J.
AU  - Thompson, A. M.
T1  - The observation of nitric acid-containing particles in the tropical lower stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 601
EP  - 611
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Airborne in situ measurements over the eastern Pacific Ocean in January 2004 have revealed a new category of nitric acid (HNO3)-containing particles in the tropical lower stratosphere. These particles are most likely composed of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). They were intermittently observed in a narrow layer above the tropopause (18±0.1 km) and over a broad geographic extent (>1100 km). In contrast to the background liquid sulfate aerosol, these particles are solid, much larger (1.7-4.7µm vs. 0.1µm in diameter), and significantly less abundant (<10-4 cm-3 vs. 10 cm-3). Microphysical trajectory models suggest that the NAT particles grow over a 6-14 day period in supersaturated air that remains close to the tropical tropopause and might be a common feature in the tropics. The small number density of these particles implies a highly selective or slow nucleation process. Understanding the formation of solid NAT particles in the tropics could improve our understanding of stratospheric nucleation processes and, therefore, dehydration and denitrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Pacific Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 22045687; Popp, P. J. 1,2; Email Address: peter.j.popp@noaa.gov; Marcy, T. P. 1,2; Jensen, E. J. 3; Kärcher, B. 4; Fahey, D. W. 1; Gao, R. S. 1; Thompson, T. L. 1; Rosenlof, K. H. 1; Richard, E. C. 1,2,5; Herman, R. L. 6; Weinstock, E. M. 7; Smith, J. B. 7; May, R. D. 8; Vömel, H. 9; Wilson, J. C. 10; Heymsfield, A. J. 11; Mahoney, M. J. 6; Thompson, A. M. 12; Affiliations: 1: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 7: Atmospheric Research Project, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 8: MayComm Instruments, San Dimas, CA 91773, USA; 9: Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 10: Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA; 11: Mesoscale and Microscale Meteorology Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 12: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p601; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Subject Term: Nitric acid; Subject: Pacific Ocean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckermann, S. D.
AU  - Wu, D. L.
AU  - Doyle, J. D.
AU  - Burris, J. F.
AU  - McGee, T. J.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Coy, L.
AU  - Lawrence, B. N.
AU  - Stephens, A.
AU  - McCormack, J. P.
AU  - Hogan, T. F.
T1  - Imaging gravity waves in lower stratospheric AMSU-A radiances, Part 2: validation case study.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2003
EP  - 2058
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Two-dimensional radiance maps from Channel 9 (∼60-90 hPa) of the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A), acquired over southern Scandinavia on 14 January 2003, show plane-wave-like oscillations with a wavelength λh of ∼400-500 km and peak brightness temperature amplitudes of up to 0.9 K. The wave-like pattern is observed in AMSU-A radiances from 8 overpasses of this region by 4 different satellites, revealing a growth in the disturbance amplitude from 00:00 UTC to 12:00 UTC and a change in its horizontal structure between 12:00 UTC and 20:00 UTC. Forecast and hindcast runs for 14 January 2003 using high-resolution global and regional numerical weather prediction (NWP) models generate a lower stratospheric mountain wave over southern Scandinavia with peak 90 hPa temperature amplitudes of ∼5-7 K at 12:00 UTC and a similar horizontal wavelength, packet width, phase structure and time evolution to the disturbance observed in AMSU-A radiances. The wave's vertical wavelength is ∼12 km. These NWP fields are validated against radiosonde wind and temperature profiles and airborne lidar profiles of temperature and aerosol backscatter ratios acquired from the NASA DC-8 during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II). Both the amplitude and phase of the stratospheric mountain wave in the various NWP fields agree well with localized perturbation features in these suborbital measurements. In particular, we show that this wave formed the type II polar stratospheric clouds measured by the DC-8 lidar. To compare directly with the AMSU-A data, we convert these validated NWP temperature fields into swath-scanned brightness temperatures using three-dimensional Channel 9 weighting functions and the actual AMSU-A scan patterns from each of the 8 overpasses of this region. These NWP-based brightness temperatures contain two-dimensional oscillations due to this resolved stratospheric mountain wave that have an amplitude, wavelength, horizontal structure and time evolution that closely match those observed in the AMSU-A data. These comparisons not only verify gravity wave detection and horizontal imaging capabilities for AMSU-A Channel 9, but provide an absolute validation of the anticipated radiance signals for a given three-dimensional gravity wave, based on the modeling of Eckermann and Wu (2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Microwaves
KW  - Oscillations
KW  - Scandinavia
N1  - Accession Number: 21352028; Eckermann, S. D. 1; Email Address: stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil; Wu, D. L. 2; Doyle, J. D. 3; Burris, J. F. 4; McGee, T. J. 4; Hostetler, C. A. 5; Coy, L. 6; Lawrence, B. N. 7; Stephens, A. 7; McCormack, J. P. 1; Hogan, T. F. 3; Affiliations: 1: E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 3: Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: E.O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., USA; 7: British Atmospheric Data Center, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, UK; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p2003; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Microwaves; Subject Term: Oscillations; Subject: Scandinavia; Number of Pages: 56p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katta, Viswanath R.
AU  - Takahashi, Fumiaki
AU  - Linteris, Gregory T.
T1  - Fire-suppression characteristics of CF3H in a cup burner
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 144
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 645
EP  - 661
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: A numerical investigation is performed to understand the inhibition characteristics of CF3H in a periodically oscillating methane–air jet diffusion flame formed over a cup burner. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism having 82 species and 1510 elementary-reaction steps is used. Calculations made without adding agent yielded an oscillating flame with a flicker frequency of 11 Hz, which compared well with that obtained in the experiment. The minimum concentration of agent required for extinguishing the cup-burner flame is determined by adding CF3H to the air stream and by increasing its volume fraction gradually until the flame is completely extinguished. Addition of CF3H at volume fractions up to 10.05% did not affect the cup-burner flame temperature significantly. Extinction of a cup-burner flame took place as the base of the flame became destabilized, and the unstable flame base moved downstream in search of a new stabilization location. The predicted minimum concentrations of CF3H for extinguishing the flame obtained by (1) replacing the air with CF3H and (2) replacing the N2 in the air with CF3H are 10.1 and 19.2%, respectively. These concentrations compare favorably with the corresponding measured values of 11.7 and 20.3%, respectively. For validation, calculations are also made for the steady counterflow diffusion flames with different concentrations of CF3H in the air stream and the predicted volume fractions of agent at extinction are in good agreement with the experimental values published in the literature. Examination of the reaction rates for the cup-burner flames indicates that the reactions with fluorinated species reduce the concentration of chain-carrying radicals in the flame. The effect is stronger at the flame base than further up in the trailing part of the flame, leading to destabilization at the flame base prior to extinction in the trailing region, and yielding the observed blowoff-type extinction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Flame
KW  - Chemical kinetics
KW  - Oscillating chemical reactions
KW  - Flame stability
KW  - Cup burner
KW  - Diffusion flames
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Fire suppression
KW  - Flame inhibition
KW  - Halon replacement
N1  - Accession Number: 20482934; Katta, Viswanath R. 1; Email Address: vrkatta@innssi.com; Takahashi, Fumiaki 2; Linteris, Gregory T. 3; Affiliations: 1: Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440, USA; 2: National Center for Space Exploration Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; Issue Info: Mar2006, Vol. 144 Issue 4, p645; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Chemical kinetics; Subject Term: Oscillating chemical reactions; Subject Term: Flame stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cup burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halon replacement; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.09.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghose, Sayata
AU  - Watson, Kent A.
AU  - Delozier, Donavon M.
AU  - Working, Dennis C.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - Incorporation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes into high temperature resin using dry mixing techniques
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 37
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 465
EP  - 475
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: As part of an ongoing effort to develop multi-functional advanced composites, blends of PETI-330 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were prepared and characterized. Dry mixing techniques were employed and the maximum loading level of the MWNT chosen was based primarily on its effect on melt viscosity. The PETI-330/MWNT mixtures were prepared at concentrations ranging from 3 to 25wt%. The resulting powders were characterized for homogeneity, thermal and rheological properties and extrudability as continuous fibers. Based on the characterization results, samples containing 10, 15 and 20wt% MWNTs were chosen for more comprehensive evaluation. Samples were also prepared using in situ polymerization and solution mixing techniques and their properties were compared with the ball-mill prepared samples. The significance of this research is that high loading levels of MWCNTs were added to a high temperature matrix without affecting the processing characteristics of the resin. The preparation and characterization of PETI-330/MWNT nanocomposites are discussed herein. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - RHEOLOGY
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - A. Nanostructure
KW  - A. Polymer matrix composites
KW  - A. Thermosetting resin
KW  - E. Extrusion
N1  - Accession Number: 19772122; Ghose, Sayata 1; Watson, Kent A. 2; Delozier, Donavon M. 1; Working, Dennis C. 3; Siochi, Emilie J. 3; Connell, John W. 3; Email Address: john.w.connell@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Research Council Research Associate, NASA LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Mar2006, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p465; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: RHEOLOGY; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Thermosetting resin; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Extrusion; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.03.033
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jeongho Cho
AU  - Principe, Jose C.
AU  - Erdogmus, Deniz
AU  - Mark A.T Motter
T1  - Modeling and Inverse Controller Design for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on the Self-Organizing Map.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
PY  - 2006/03//
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 459
SN  - 10459227
AB  - The next generation of aircraft will have dynamics that vary considerably over the operating regime. A single controller will have difficulty to meet the design specifications. In this paper, a self-organizing map (SOM)-based local linear modeling scheme of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is developed to design a set of inverse controllers. The SOM selects the operating regime depending only on the embedded output space information and avoids normalization of the input data. Each local linear model is associated with a linear controller, which is easy to design. Switching of the controllers is done synchronously with the active local linear model that tracks the different operating conditions. The proposed multiple modeling and control strategy has been successfully tested in a simulator that models the LoFLYTE UAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC controllers
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - SELF-organizing maps
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - SPACE cabin simulators
N1  - Accession Number: 20565359; Source Information: Mar2006, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p445; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC controllers; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: SELF-organizing maps; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: SPACE cabin simulators; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TTN.2005.863422
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DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stetter, Joseph R.
AU  - Hesketh, Peter J.
AU  - Hunter, Gary W.
T1  - Sensors: Engineering Structures and Materials from Micro to Nano.
JO  - Interface
JF  - Interface
Y1  - 2006///Spring2006
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 69
SN  - 10648208
AB  - The article focuses on sensors, the devices that produce a change in output to an input stimulus. Sensors are transducers which are divided into three major categories: the physical sensors, chemical sensors, and biosensor. There are also six classes of sensors according to their transduced energy. These are optical, mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electronic, and electrochemical sensors. Newer sensors are built through microfabrication techniques to produce a range of microsensor platforms.
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors
KW  - OPTICAL detectors
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
N1  - Accession Number: 20590434; Stetter, Joseph R. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: joseph.stetter@sri.com; Hesketh, Peter J. 5; Email Address: peter.hesketh@me.gatech.edu; Hunter, Gary W. 6; Email Address: gary.w.hunter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Director, MicroSystems Innovation Center, Physical Sciences Division, Illinois Institute of Technology; 2: Full Professor, Chemistry Division, Illinois Institute of Technology; 3: Director, Sensor Research Group, Illinois Institute of Technology; 4: President of Transducer Technology, Inc.; 5: Professor of Mechanical Engineering, George Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology; 6: Technical Lead, Chemical Species Gas Sensors Team and Intelligent Systems Hardware Lead, Sensors and Electronics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Issue Info: Spring2006, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p66; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors; Subject Term: OPTICAL detectors; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
T1  - Classical Wing Theory and the Downward Velocity of Vortex Wakes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
Y1  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 381
EP  - 385
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Classical wing theory is extended downstream from a flat vortex sheet to include vortex-wake configurations that can be considered as fully rolled up into a vortex pair. Classical wing theory was chosen as the method to be used because it is based on the flux of downward momentum imparted to the ambient flow field by the lift on a wing. After the theory is reviewed to establish the theoretical process used to analyze vortex wakes, it is extended to the configuration of lift-generated wakes that occur after roll-up of the vortex sheet, and that are composed of a vortex pair inside of an oval-shaped region that propagates downward as a unit. The distribution of downward momentum inside the oval, and in the surrounding fluid, found for the rolled-up vortex pair is then applied to vortex wakes as they undergo instabilities that lead to their decomposition and dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 20890513; Source Information: Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p381; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; ; Document Type: Article; 
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - Bryant, Elaine M.
AU  - Barlow, Jewel B.
T1  - Free-to-Roll Investigation of the Preproduction F/A-18E Powered-Approach Wing Drop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
Y1  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 466
EP  - 470
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A free-to-roll study of the low-speed lateral characteristics of the preproduction F/A-18E was conducted in the NASA Langley 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel, In developmental bight tests the F/A-18E unexpectedly experienced uncommanded lateral motions in the power-approach configuration. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using the free-to-roll technique for the detection of uncommanded lateral motions for the preproduction F/A-18E in the power-approach configuration. The data revealed that this technique in conjunction with static data revealed insight into the cause of the lateral motions. The free-to-roll technique identified uncommanded lateral motions at the same angle-of-attack range as experienced in flight tests. The cause of the uncommanded lateral motions was unsteady asymmetric wing stall. The paper also shows that free-to-roll data or static force and moment data alone are not enough to accurately predict and characterize uncommanded lateral motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
N1  - Accession Number: 20890524; Source Information: Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p466; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baker, Donald J.
T1  - Response of Damaged and Undamaged Tailored Extension-Shear-Coupled Composite Panels.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
Y1  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 517
EP  - 527
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The results of an analytical and experimental investigation of the response of composite I-stiffener panels with extension-shear coupling are presented. This tailored concept, when used in the panel cover skins of a tiltrotor aircraft wing, has the potential for increasing the aeroelastic stability margins and improving the aircraft productivity. The extension-shear coupling is achieved by using unbalanced ±45-deg plies in the skin. Experimental and STAGS analysis results are compared for eight I-stiffener panel specimens. The results indicate that the tailored concept would be feasible to use in the wing skin of a tiltrotor aircraft, Evaluation of specimens impacted at an energy level of 500 in.-lb indicate a minimal loss in stiffness and less than 30% loss in strength. Evaluation of specimens with severed center stiffener and adjacent skin indicated a strength loss in excess of 60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - COUPLINGS (Gearing)
KW  - TILT rotor aircraft
KW  - VERTICALLY rising aircraft
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 20890529; Source Information: Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p517; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: COUPLINGS (Gearing); Subject Term: TILT rotor aircraft; Subject Term: VERTICALLY rising aircraft; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 18 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 22 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Circulatory galanin levels increase severalfold with intense orthostatic challenge in healthy humans.
AU  - Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G.
AU  - Rössler, Andreas
AU  - Evans, Joyce M.
AU  - Stenger, Michael B.
AU  - Moore, Fritz B.
AU  - Knapp, Charles F.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 100
IS  - 3
SP  - 844
EP  - 849
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 20512966; Author: Hinghofer-Szalkay, Helmut G.: 1,2 email: helmut.hinghofer@meduni-graz.at. Author: Rössler, Andreas: 1,2 Author: Evans, Joyce M.: 3 Author: Stenger, Michael B.: 3 Author: Moore, Fritz B.: 4 Author: Knapp, Charles F.: 3 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Institute for Adaptive and Spaceflight PhysioIogy, Wormgasse 9: 2 Institute of Physiology, Center for Physiological Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria: 3 The Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington Kentucky: 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Center for Biological and Gravitational Research, Moffett Field, California; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20060419
N2  - The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that plasma galanin concentration (pGal) is regularly increased in healthy humans with extensive orthostatic stress. Twenty-six test persons (14 men, 12 women) were brought to an orthostatic end point via a progressive cardiovascular stress (PCS) protocol consisting of 70° head-up tilt plus increasing levels of lower body negative pressure until either hemodynamically defined presyncope or other signs of orthostatic intolerance occurred (nausea, clammy skin, excessive sweating, pallor of the skin). We further tested for possible gender, gravitational, and muscular training influences on plasma pGal responses: PCS was applied before and after 3 wk of daily vertical acceleration exposure training on a Human Powered Centrifuge. Test persons were randomly assigned to active (with bicycle work) or passive (without work) groups (seven men, six women in each group). Resting pGal was 26 ± 3 pg/ml in men and 39 ± 15 pg/ml in women (not significant); women had higher galanin responses (4.9-fold increase) than men (3.5-fold, P = 0.017) to PCS exposure. Overall, PCS increased pGal to 186 ± 5 pg/ml (P = 0.0003), without significant differences between presyncope vs. orthostatic intolerance, pre- vs. postcentrifuge, or active vs. passive gravitational training. Increases in pGal were poorly related to synchronous elevations in plasma vasopressin. We conclude that galanin is regularly increased in healthy humans under conditions of presyncopal orthostatic stress, the response being independent of gravity training but larger in women than in men. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *NEUROTRANSMITTERS
KW  - *VASOPRESSIN
KW  - *OLIGOPEPTIDES
KW  - *PITUITARY hormones
KW  - *GASTROINTESTINAL diseases
KW  - GALANIN
KW  - NEUROPEPTIDES
KW  - NERVE tissue proteins
KW  - blood pressure stability
KW  - gender differences
KW  - hormones
KW  - syncope
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Basal and evoked levels of bioassayable growth hormone are altered by hindlimb unloading.
AU  - Bigbee, A. J.
AU  - Grindeland, R. E.
AU  - Roy, R. R.
AU  - Zhong, H.
AU  - Gosselink, K. L.
AU  - Arnaud, S.
AU  - Edgerton, V. R.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 100
IS  - 3
SP  - 1037
EP  - 1042
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 20512990; Author: Bigbee, A. J.: 1 Author: Grindeland, R. E.: 2 Author: Roy, R. R.: 3 email: rrr@ucla.edu. Author: Zhong, H.: 4 Author: Gosselink, K. L.: 4 Author: Arnaud, S.: 2 Author: Edgerton, V. R.: 1,3,4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Departments of Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles: 2 Life Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California: 3 Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles: 4 Physiological Science University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20060419
N2  - Bioassayable growth hormone (BGH) in rats is released in large quantities from the pituitary in response to the activation of large, proprioceptive afferent fibers from fast and mixed fiber-type hindlimb musculature. We hypothesized that hindlimb unloading (HU) of adult male rats would 1) reduce the basal levels of plasma BGH, and 2) abolish stimulus-induced BGH release. Rats were exposed to HU for 1, 4, or 8 wk. Plasma and pituitaries were collected under isoflurane anesthesia for hormone analyses. Additionally, at 4 and 8 wk, a subset of rats underwent an in situ electrical stimulation (Stim) of tibial nerve proprioceptive afferents. Basal plasma BGH levels were significantly reduced (-51 and -23%) after 1 and 8 wk of HU compared with ambulatory controls (Amb). Although Amb-Stim rats exhibited increased plasma BGH levels (88 and 143%) and decreased pituitary BGH levels (-27 and -22%) at 4 and 8 wk, respectively, stimulation in HU rats had the opposite effect, reducing plasma BGH (-25 and -33%) and increasing pituitary BGH levels (47 and 10%) relative to HU alone at 4 and 8 wk. The 22-kDa form of GH measured by immunoassay and the plasma corticosterone, T3, T4, and testosterone levels were unchanged by HU or Stim at all time points. These data suggest that BGH synthesis and release from the pituitary are sensitive both to chronically reduced neuromuscular loading and to acute changes in neuromuscular activation, independent of changes in other circulating hormones. Thus BGH may play a role in muscle, bone, and metabolic adaptations that occur in response to chronically unloaded states. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *SOMATOTROPIN
KW  - *MUSCLES
KW  - *PITUITARY hormones
KW  - *PITUITARY gland
KW  - *EXTREMITIES (Anatomy)
KW  - METHYL ether
KW  - HINDLIMB
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - activity-dependence
KW  - central nervous system
KW  - plasma hormones
KW  - proprioception
KW  - spaceflight
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Odegard, Gregory M.
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
T1  - Modeling and Testing of the Viscoelastic Properties of a Graphite NanoplateletlEpoxy Composite.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 239
EP  - 246
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - To facilitate the interpretation of experimental data, a micromechanical modeling procedure is developed to predict the viscoelastic properties of a graphite nanoplatelet/epoxy composite as a function of volume fraction and nanoplatelet diameter. The storage and loss moduli predicted for the composite are compared to values measured from the same material using three test methods: dynamical mechanical analysis, nanoindentation, and quasi-static tensile tests. In most cases, the model and experiments indicate that for increasing volume fractions of nanoplatelets, both the storage and the loss moduli increase. In addition, the results indicate that for nanoplatelet sizes above 15 μm, nanoindentation is capable of measuring properties of individual constituents of a composite system. A comparison of the values predicted to the data measured helps to illustrate the relative similarities and differences between the bulk and the local measurement techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHITE composites
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - DYNAMIC testing
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - dynamical mechanical analysis
KW  - micromechanics
KW  - modeling
KW  - nanoindentation
KW  - nanotechnology
N1  - Accession Number: 20332526; Odegard, Gregory M. 1; Email Address: gmodegar@mtu.edu; Gates, Thomas S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton, MI 49931, USA; 2: Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Mar2006, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p239; Subject Term: GRAPHITE composites; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: DYNAMIC testing; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamical mechanical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoindentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotechnology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X06057523
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lane, John E.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Haskell, William D.
AU  - Cox, Robert B.
T1  - A hail size distribution impact transducer.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 119
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - EL47
EP  - EL53
SN  - 00014966
AB  - An active impact transducer has been designed and tested for the purpose of monitoring hail fall in the vicinity of the Space Shuttle launch pads. An important outcome of this design is the opportunity to utilize frequency analysis to discriminate between the audio signal generated from raindrop impacts and that of hailstone impacts. The sound of hail impacting a metal plate is subtly but distinctly different from the sound of rain impacts. This useful characteristic permits application of signal processing algorithms that are inherently more robust than techniques relying on amplitude processing alone in the implementation of a hail disdrometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - SIGNALS & signaling
KW  - RAINDROPS
KW  - SOUND
N1  - Accession Number: 19897039; Lane, John E. 1; Email Address: John.Lane-1@ksc.nasa.gov; Youngquist, Robert C. 2; Email Address: Robert.C.Youngquist@nasa.gov; Haskell, William D. 1; Email Address: William.Haskell-1@ksc.nasa.gov; Cox, Robert B. 1; Email Address: Robert.Cox-1@ksc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : ASRC Aerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 21087, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32815; 2 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899;  Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 119 Issue 3, pEL47; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: SIGNALS & signaling; Subject Term: RAINDROPS; Subject Term: SOUND; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2166947
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharon, Tarah M.
AU  - Albrecht, Bruce A.
AU  - Jonsson, Haflidi H.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Khaiyer, Mandana M.
AU  - van Reken, Timothy M.
AU  - Seinfeld, John
AU  - Flagan, Rick
T1  - Aerosol and Cloud Microphysical Characteristics of Rifts and Gradients in Maritime Stratocumulus Clouds.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 63
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 983
EP  - 997
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - A cloud rift is characterized as a large-scale, persistent area of broken, low-reflectivity stratocumulus clouds usually surrounded by a solid deck of stratocumulus. A rift observed off the coast of California was investigated using an instrumented aircraft to compare the aerosol, cloud microphysical, and thermodynamic properties in the rift with those of the surrounding solid stratocumulus deck. The microphysical characteristics in the solid stratocumulus deck differ substantially from those of a broken, cellular rift where cloud droplet concentrations are a factor of 2 lower than those in the solid cloud. Furthermore, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations were found to be about 3 times greater in the solid-cloud area compared with those in the rift. Although drizzle was observed near cloud top in parts of the solid stratocumulus cloud, the largest drizzle rates were associated with the broken clouds within the rift area and with extremely large effective droplet sizes retrieved from satellite data. Minimal thermodynamic differences between the rift and solid cloud deck were observed. In addition to marked differences in particle concentrations, evidence of a mesoscale circulation near the solid cloud–rift boundary is presented. This mesoscale circulation may provide a mechanism for maintaining a rift, but further study is required to understand the initiation of a rift and the conditions that may cause it to fill. A review of results from previous studies indicates similar microphysical characteristics in rift features sampled serendipitously. These observations indicate that cloud rifts are depleted of aerosols through the cleansing associated with drizzle and are a manifestation of natural processes occurring in marine stratocumulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Structural geology
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Rifts (Geology)
KW  - California Coastal Trail (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 20394416; Sharon, Tarah M. 1; Albrecht, Bruce A. 1; Email Address: balbrecht@rsmas.miami.edu; Jonsson, Haflidi H. 2; Minnis, Patrick 3; Khaiyer, Mandana M. 4; van Reken, Timothy M. 5; Seinfeld, John 6; Flagan, Rick 6; Affiliations: 1: Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149; 2: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies, Marina, California; 3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: AS&M, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Issue Info: Mar2006, Vol. 63 Issue 3, p983; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Structural geology; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Rifts (Geology); Subject Term: California Coastal Trail (Calif.); Subject: California; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 12 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carroll, Timothy N.
AU  - Gormley, Thomas J.
AU  - Bilardo, Vincent J.
AU  - Burton, Richard M.
AU  - Woodman, Keith L.
T1  - Designing a New Organization at NASA: An Organization Design Process Using Simulation.
JO  - Organization Science
JF  - Organization Science
Y1  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 214
PB  - INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research
SN  - 10477039
AB  - The challenge for NASA's Systems Analysis Integrated Discipline Team (SAIDT) is to develop a new organization design capable of performing complex modeling and analysis tasks, using team members at various NASA centers.The focus is on: (1) design as a process, (2) the effect of design tools on the process as well as alternative designs, (3) the fit between the tools and their fit with the organization, (4) the effect of an ongoing agencywide transformation, and (5) implications for organizational contingency theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Organization Science is the property of INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL structure
KW  - NETWORK analysis (Planning)
KW  - INDUSTRIAL organization (Management)
KW  - CONTINGENCY theory (Management)
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL change
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - CORPORATE reorganizations
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Contingency theory
KW  - NASA
KW  - Organization Design
KW  - PROCESS
KW  - SIMULATION
KW  - TOOLS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 20451803; Carroll, Timothy N. 1; Email Address: tim.carroll@mgt.gatech.edu; Gormley, Thomas J. 2; Email Address: tjgormley@cox.net; Bilardo, Vincent J. 3; Email Address: vincent.j.bilardo@grc.nasa.gov; Burton, Richard M. 4; Email Address: rich.burton@duke.edu; Woodman, Keith L. 5; Email Address: k.l.woodman@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Assistant Professor of Strategic Management, College of Management, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30308; 2: Gormley & Associates, 6 Recodo, Irvine, California 92620; 3: Program/Project Manager, Space Exploration Systems, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mailstop 86-8, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; 4: Professor of Business Administration, Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27705; 5: Systems Engineer and Analyst, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Issue Info: Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p202; Thesaurus Term: SYSTEM analysis; Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL structure; Thesaurus Term: NETWORK analysis (Planning); Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL organization (Management); Thesaurus Term: CONTINGENCY theory (Management); Thesaurus Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Thesaurus Term: CORPORATE reorganizations; Thesaurus Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contingency theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organization Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: PROCESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: SIMULATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: TOOLS ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541612 Human Resources Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Van Selst, Mark
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - Remington, Roger
T1  - How does practice reduce dual-task interference: Integration, automatization, or just stage-shortening?
JO  - Psychological Research
JF  - Psychological Research
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 142
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03400727
AB  - The present study assessed three hypotheses of how practice reduces dual-task interference: Practice teaches participants to efficiently integrate performance of a task pair; practice promotes automatization of individual tasks, allowing the central bottleneck to be bypassed; practice leaves the bottleneck intact but shorter in duration. These hypotheses were tested in two transfer-of-training experiments. Participants received one of three training types (Task 1 only, or Task 2 only, or dual-task), followed by dual-task test sessions. Practice effects in Experiment 1 (Task 1: auditory–vocal; Task 2: visual–manual) were fully explained by the intact bottleneck hypothesis, without task integration or automatization. This hypothesis also accounted well for the majority of participants when the task order was reversed (Experiment 2). In this case, however, there were multiple indicators that several participants had succeeded in eliminating the bottleneck by automatizing one or both tasks. Neither experiment provided any evidence that practice promotes efficient task integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - TEACHERS
KW  - TRAINING
KW  - WORK
KW  - TASKS
N1  - Accession Number: 20900059; Ruthruff, Eric 1; Email Address: eruthruff@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Van Selst, Mark 2; Johnston, James C. 1; Remington, Roger 1; Affiliations: 1: MS 262-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Psychology, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA; Issue Info: Mar2006, Vol. 70 Issue 2, p125; Thesaurus Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Thesaurus Term: TEACHERS; Thesaurus Term: TRAINING; Thesaurus Term: WORK; Subject Term: TASKS; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00426-004-0192-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 106345238
T1  - A motive to serve: public service motivation in human resource management and the role of PSM in the nonprofit sector.
AU  - Mann GA
Y1  - 2006///Spring2006
N1  - Accession Number: 106345238. Language: English. Entry Date: 20061013. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Health Services Administration; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 0367056. 
KW  - Motivation
KW  - Personnel Management
KW  - Public Sector
KW  - Conceptual Framework
KW  - Organizations, Nonprofit
KW  - Personnel Recruitment
KW  - Personnel Retention
KW  - Personnel Selection
SP  - 33
EP  - 48
JO  - Public Personnel Management
JF  - Public Personnel Management
JA  - PUBLIC PERS MANAGE
VL  - 35
IS  - 1
CY  - Thousand Oaks, California
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
AB  - Several studies over the past two decades have presented varying degrees of evidence that an increased motive to serve the public good is prevalent in the public sector workforce. A widely accepted and measurable construct for public service motivation could have ramifications for public personnel managers in a number of key areas. This paper reviews the current literature on public service motivation (PSM) theory and examines how this desire to make a difference might e harnessed as a motivational force for human resource managers. The prevalence of PSM in the nonprofit sector is also explored as a means of broadening the current public-private dichotomy.
SN  - 0091-0260
AD  - Presidential Management Fellow, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.; gmann@nasa.gov
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Mastrapa, Rachel M.E.
AU  - Bauer, J.
AU  - Newman, S.
AU  - Momary, T.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
T1  - Composition and Physical Properties of Enceladus' Surface.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/03/10/
VL  - 311
IS  - 5766
M3  - Article
SP  - 1425
EP  - 1428
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, C0[sub 2], and amorphous and crystalline water ice, particularly in the region dubbed the "tiger stripes." An upper limit of 5 precipitable nanometers is derived for CO in the atmospheric column above Enceladus, and 2% for NH[sub 3] in global surface deposits. Upper limits of 140 kelvin (for a filled pixel) are derived for the temperatures in the tiger stripes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Artificial satellites in telecommunication
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Nanostructured materials
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - South Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 20284626; Brown, Robert H. 1; Clark, Roger N. 2; Buratti, Bonnie J. 3; Cruikshank, Dale P. 4; Barnes, Jason W. 1; Mastrapa, Rachel M.E. 4; Bauer, J. 3; Newman, S. 3; Momary, T. 3; Baines, K.H. 3; Bellucci, G. 5; Capaccioni, F. 6; Cerroni, P. 6; Combes, M. 7; Coradini, A. 6; Drossart, P. 7; Formisano, V. 5; Jaumann, R. 8; Langevin, Y. 9; Matson, D.L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA.; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 5: Institute di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, 0133 Rome, Italy.; 6: Institute di Astrofisica Spaziale, 0133 Rome, Italy.; 7: Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France.; 8: Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt, 12489 Berlin, Germany.; 9: Institute d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Universite de Paris, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.; Issue Info: 3/10/2006, Vol. 311 Issue 5766, p1425; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Nanostructured materials; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject: South Pole; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3097
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gao, R.S.
AU  - Fahey, D.W.
AU  - Popp, P.J.
AU  - Marcy, T.P.
AU  - Herman, R.L.
AU  - Weinstock, E.M.
AU  - Smith, J.B.
AU  - Sayres, D.S.
AU  - Pittman, J.V.
AU  - Rosenlof, K.H.
AU  - Thompson, T.L.
AU  - Bui, P.T.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.G.
AU  - Anderson, B.E.
AU  - Kok, G.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.J.
T1  - Measurements of relative humidity in a persistent contrail
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2006/03/21/
VL  - 40
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1590
EP  - 1600
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Persistent contrails are a common feature of the upper troposphere. We describe two methods for intercomparing and evaluating RHi measurements in a persistent contrail with calculated or expected values. The methods were applied to measurements made in the upper troposphere on board an NASA WB-57F aircraft while sampling its own contrail. Included in the analysis are measurements of water vapor pressure, temperature, ice particle number and size, and nitric oxide (NO). The systematic use of these contrail-sampling methods in future studies will improve our understanding of contrail microphysics and the performance of fast-response water and temperature measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Nitrogen compounds
KW  - Temperature measurements
KW  - Aircraft emissions
KW  - Contrail
KW  - Ice particles
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Relative humidity
KW  - Water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 19608655; Gao, R.S. 1; Fahey, D.W. 1,2; Email Address: david.w.fahey@noaa.gov; Popp, P.J. 1,2; Marcy, T.P. 1,2; Herman, R.L. 3; Weinstock, E.M. 4; Smith, J.B. 4; Sayres, D.S. 4; Pittman, J.V. 4; Rosenlof, K.H. 1; Thompson, T.L. 1; Bui, P.T. 5; Baumgardner, D.G. 6; Anderson, B.E. 7; Kok, G. 8; Weinheimer, A.J. 9; Affiliations: 1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Sciences Division, 325 Broadway, R/CSD6, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, 183-401, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: Atmospheric Research Project, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, M/S 483, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 8: Droplet Measurement Technologies, 5710 Flatiron Parkway, Unit B, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 9: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; Issue Info: Mar2006, Vol. 40 Issue 9, p1590; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Nitric oxide; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen compounds; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contrail; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microphysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relative humidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Alexander, M. J.
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - Mahoney, M. J.
T1  - Small-scale gravity waves in ER-2 MMS/MTP wind and temperature measurements during CRYSTAL-FACE.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1091
EP  - 1104
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Lower stratospheric wind and temperature measurements made from NASA's high-altitude ER-2 research aircraft during the CRYSTAL-FACE campaign in July 2002 were analyzed to retrieve information on small scale gravity waves (GWs) at the aircraft's flight level (typically ∼20 km altitude). For a given flight segment, the S-transform (a Gaussian wavelet transform) was used to search for and identify small horizontal scale GW events, and to estimate their apparent horizontal wavelengths. The horizontal propagation directions of the events were determined using the Stokes parameter method combined with the cross S-transform analysis. The vertical temperature gradient was used to determine the vertical wavelengths of the events. GW momentum fluxes were calculated from the cross S-transform. Other wave parameters such as intrinsic frequencies were calculated using the GW dispersion relation. More than 100GW events were identified. They were generally high frequency waves with vertical wavelength of ∼5 km and horizontal wavelength generally shorter than 20 km. Their intrinsic propagation directions were predominantly toward the east, whereas their ground-based propagation directions were primarily toward the west. Among the events, ∼20% of them had very short horizontal wavelength, very high intrinsic frequency, and relatively small momentum fluxes, and thus they were likely trapped in the lower stratosphere. Using the estimated GW parameters and the background winds and stabilities from the NCAR/NCEP reanalysis data, we were able to trace the sources of the events using a simple reverse ray-tracing. More than 70% of the events were traced back to convective sources in the troposphere, and the sources were generally located upstream of the locations of the events observed at the aircraft level. Finally, a probability density function of the reversible cooling rate due to GWs was obtained in this study, which may be useful for cirrus cloud models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Flight
KW  - Wavelets (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20714591; Wang, L. 1; Email Address: lwang@cora.nwra.com; Alexander, M. J. 1; Bui, T. P. 2; Mahoney, M. J. 3; Affiliations: 1: NorthWest Research Associates, Inc., Colorado Research Associates Div., 3380 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett, CA 94035, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p1091; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Subject Term: Flight; Subject Term: Wavelets (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mehta, Vikram M.
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric J.
AU  - de Kort, Loreen
AU  - DeCandis, Andrew J.
T1  - The Virtual Center For Decadal Climate Variability.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 87
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 424
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article examines the Virtual Center for Decadal Climate Variability (DecVar). DecVar is a unique, integrated, and a interactive research and communication environment that examines global climate variability. DecVar focuses on decadal variability and providing interactive facilities and on-line collaboration capabilities. The Center for Research on the Changing Earth System, which designs and develops the first operational version of DecVar, is also discussed. The six main modules of DecVar are lobby, community, library, information, Data Analysis and Visualization Lab, and support.
KW  - Research
KW  - Computer systems
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Communication & technology
KW  - Research -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - Information technology
N1  - Accession Number: 20513469; Mehta, Vikram M. 1; Email Address: vikram@crces.org; Lindstrom, Eric J. 2; de Kort, Loreen 1; DeCandis, Andrew J. 1; Affiliations: 1: The Center for Research on the Changing Earth System, Columbia, Maryland; 2: Ocean Physics Program, Earth-Sun System Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Apr2006, Vol. 87 Issue 4, p421; Thesaurus Term: Research; Thesaurus Term: Computer systems; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Subject Term: Communication & technology; Subject Term: Research -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: Information technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BMS-87-4-421
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Villanueva, Geronimo Luis
AU  - Hartogh, Paul
AU  - Reindl, Leonhard M.
T1  - A Digital Dispersive Matching Network for SAW Devices in Chirp Transform Spectrometers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
PY  - 2006/04//Apr2006 Part 1
Y1  - 2006/04//Apr2006 Part 1
VL  - 54
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1424
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The performance of a chirp transform spectrometer can be significantly improved through a digital dispersive matching network. In this paper, we present the development of a new design, the adaptive digital chirp processor (ADCP), which generates an expander chirp signal with dispersive characteristics matching those of the surface acoustic wave filter behaving as a compressor/convolver. This matching signal (i.e., the chirp) is generated by a digital direct synthesizer and is then bandpass filtered, level regulated, up-converted, and frequency tripled in order to achieve the required bandwidth of 430 MHz. The design of the matching network and the signal processing of the resulting dispersive signal demanded a rational and optimum combination of different technologies, such as quadrature modulation, high-performance spectral filtering, ultra-stable frequency sources, and a theoretical analysis of the circuit design by using a numerical model of the ADCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - ELECTRIC filters
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - MODULATION (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 20589040; Source Information: Apr2006 Part 1, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p1415; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC filters; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: MODULATION (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2006.871244
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
T1  - On the locus of dual-task interference: Is there a bottleneck at the stimulus classification stage?
JO  - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
JF  - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 694
EP  - 719
SN  - 17470218
AB  - Recent studies have provided evidence that dual-task interference is typically caused by a single-channel bottleneck, but the processing locus of the bottleneck has yet to be pinned down. A bottleneck locus at the response-selection stage is widely advocated, but an earlier locus would be consistent with most previous evidence. Four new experiments used the “locus of slack” method to investigate whether the stages postponed by the central bottleneck include stimulus classification, a very late stage of perceptual processing. The experiments varied stimulus classification difficulty for two different analogueue perceptual judgements. Experiment 1 found only modest absorption into slack for the difficulty of a spatial position judgement. Experiments 2–4 found virtually no absorption into slack for the difficulty of a box-width judgement. These results support a bottleneck locus beginning at or before the stage of stimulus classification and hence prior to the stage of response selection. Other evidence, however, leaves no doubt that response selection is also subject to bottleneck postponement. Two architectures are discussed that can account parsimoniously for both old and new results. One posits a single bottleneck resulting from a unified CPU-like central processor; the other posits multiple bottlenecks resulting from multiple processors accomplishing different substages of central processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology is the property of Psychology Press (UK) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - HUMAN information processing
KW  - CONDITIONED response
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - TASKS
N1  - Accession Number: 20213427; Johnston, James C. 1; Email Address: jcjohnston@mail.arc.nasa.gov; McCann, Robert S. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA—Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Apr2006, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p694; Thesaurus Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Subject Term: HUMAN information processing; Subject Term: CONDITIONED response; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: TASKS; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02724980543000015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, S. D.
AU  - Hawkins, J. D.
AU  - Lee, T. F.
AU  - Turk, F. J.
AU  - Richardson, K.
AU  - Kuciauskas, A. P.
AU  - Kent, J.
AU  - Wade, R.
AU  - Skupniewicz, C. E.
AU  - Cornelius, J.
AU  - O'Neal, J.
AU  - Haggerty, P.
AU  - Sprietzer, K.
AU  - Legg, G.
AU  - Henegar, J.
AU  - Seaton, B.
T1  - MODIS provides a satellite focus on Operation Iraqi Freedom.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/04/10/
VL  - 27
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1285
EP  - 1296
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Extreme weather conditions over southwest Asia posed significant challenges to military operations conducted during the 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) campaign. This paper describes an effort to provide improved environmental characterization by way of a suite of value‐added satellite imagery tools leveraging moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Available from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terra and Aqua platforms, these research‐grade data were made available to operational users in 2 to 3 hours turn‐around time via a near real‐time processing effort (NRTPE) interagency collaboration between the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the Department of Defense (DoD). Derived products were packaged into a centralized online graphical user interface, Satellite Focus, which provided a one‐stop resource for satellite information over the southwest Asia domain. A central goal of Satellite Focus was to expedite information gathering while augmenting the capabilities of users tasked to synthesize a wide variety of environmental information in support of time‐critical decisions impacting operational safety and mission success. Presented herein are several examples illustrating the unprecedented capabilities available to Coalition Force users during OIF enabled by near real‐time access to Terra/Aqua MODIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Special operations (Military science)
KW  - Iraq War, 2003-2011
KW  - Iraq
KW  - Dust storms
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Operation Iraqi Freedom
KW  - Satellite applications
N1  - Accession Number: 20790548; Miller, S. D. 1; Email Address: miller@nrlmry.navy.mil; Hawkins, J. D. 1; Lee, T. F. 1; Turk, F. J. 1; Richardson, K. 1; Kuciauskas, A. P. 1; Kent, J. 2; Wade, R. 2; Skupniewicz, C. E. 3; Cornelius, J. 3; O'Neal, J. 4; Haggerty, P. 5; Sprietzer, K. 5; Legg, G. 6; Henegar, J. 7; Seaton, B. 7; Affiliations: 1: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA 93943, USA; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, USA; 3: Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, Monterey, CA 93943, USA; 4: The Aerospace Corporation; 5: Science and Technology Corporation; 6: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Issue Info: 4/10/2006, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p1285; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Special operations (Military science); Subject Term: Iraq War, 2003-2011; Subject: Iraq; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust storms; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operation Iraqi Freedom; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite applications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160500383772
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ley, Ruth E.
AU  - Harris, J. Kirk
AU  - Wilcox, Joshua
AU  - Spear, John R.
AU  - Miller, Scott R.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Maresca, Julia A.
AU  - Bryant, Donald A.
AU  - Sogin, Mitchell L.
AU  - Pace, Norman R.
T1  - Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 72
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 3685
EP  - 3695
SN  - 00992240
AB  - We applied nucleic acid-based molecular methods, combined with estimates of biomass (ATP), pigments, and microelectrode measurements of chemical gradients, to map microbial diversity vertically on a millimeter scale in a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico. To identify the constituents of the mat, small-subunit rRNA genes were amplified by PCR from community genomic DNA extracted from layers, cloned, and sequenced. Bacteria dominated the mat and displayed unexpected and unprecedented diversity. The majority (1,336) of the 1,586 bacterial 16S rRNA sequences generated were unique, representing 752 species (≥97% rRNA sequence identity) in 42 of the main bacterial phyla, including 15 novel candidate phyla. The diversity of the mat samples differentiated according to the chemical milieu defined by concentrations of O2 and H2S. Bacteria of the phylum Chloroflexi formed the majority of the biomass by percentage of bulk rRNA and of clones in rRNA gene libraries. This result contradicts the general belief that cyanobacteria dominate these communities. Although cyanobacteria constituted a large fraction of the biomass in the upper few millimeters (>80% of the total rRNA and photosynthetic pigments), Chloroflexi sequences were conspicuous throughout the mat. Filamentous Chloroflexi bacteria were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization within the polysaccharide sheaths of the prominent cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes, in addition to free living in the mat. The biological complexity of the mat far exceeds that observed in other polysaccharide-rich microbial ecosystems, such as the human and mouse distal guts, and suggests that positive feedbacks exist between chemical complexity and biological diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Microbial aggregation
KW  - Biomass
KW  - RNA
KW  - Microelectrodes
KW  - Pigments
KW  - Baja California Sur (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 21064557; Ley, Ruth E. 1; Harris, J. Kirk 2,3; Wilcox, Joshua 2,3; Spear, John R. 4; Miller, Scott R. 5; Bebout, Brad M. 6; Maresca, Julia A. 7; Bryant, Donald A. 7; Sogin, Mitchell L. 8; Pace, Norman R. 2,3; Email Address: nrpace@colorado.edu; Affiliations: 1: Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108; 2: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; 3: Center for Astrobiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309; 4: Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401; 5: Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; 6: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 7: Department of Biochemist,y and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; 8: The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 025436; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 72 Issue 5, p3685; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Microbial aggregation; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: RNA; Subject Term: Microelectrodes; Subject Term: Pigments; Subject: Baja California Sur (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garrett, T. J.
AU  - Dean-Day, J.
AU  - Liu, C.
AU  - Barnett, B.
AU  - Mace, G.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.
AU  - Webster, C.
AU  - Bui, T.
AU  - Read, W.
AU  - Minnis, P.
T1  - Convective formation of pileus cloud near the tropopause.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1185
EP  - 1200
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Pileus clouds form where humid, vertically stratified air is mechanically displaced ahead of rising convection. This paper describes convective formation of pileus cloud in the tropopause transition layer (TTL), and explores a possible link to the formation of long-lasting cirrus at cold temperatures. The study examines in detail in-situ measurements from off the coast of Honduras during the July 2002 CRYSTAL-FACE experiment that showed an example of TTL cirrus associated with, and penetrated by, deep convection. The TTL cirrus was enriched with total water compared to its surroundings, but was composed of extremely small ice crystals with effective radii between 2 and 4µm. Through gravity wave analysis, and intercomparison of measured and simulated cloud microphysics, it is argued that the TTL cirrus originated neither from convectively-forced gravity wave motions nor environmental mixing alone. Rather, it is hypothesized that a combination of these two processes was involved in which, first, a pulse of convection forced pileus cloud to form from TTL air; second, the pileus layer was punctured by the convective pulse and received larger ice crystals through interfacial mixing; third, the addition of this condensate inhibited evaporation of the original pileus ice crystals where a convectively forced gravity wave entered its warm phase; fourth, through successive pulses of convection, a sheet of TTL cirrus formed. While the general incidence and longevity of pileus cloud remains unknown, in-situ measurements, and satellite-based Microwave Limb Sounder retrievals, suggest that much of the tropical TTL is sufficiently humid to be susceptible to its formation. Where these clouds form and persist, there is potential for an irreversible repartition from water vapor to ice at cold temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Air
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 20714573; Garrett, T. J. 1; Email Address: tgarrett@met.utah.edu; Dean-Day, J. 2; Liu, C. 1; Barnett, B. 3; Mace, G. 1; Baumgardner, D. 4; Webster, C. 5; Bui, T. 2; Read, W. 5; Minnis, P. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA; 2: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 3: WB-57 Program Offices, NASA Johnson Space Center,Ellington Field, Houston, Texas, USA; 4: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 5, p1185; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Air; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dufour, G.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
T1  - First space-borne measurements of methanol inside aged tropical biomass burning plumes using the ACE-FTS instrument.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 3945
EP  - 3963
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - First measurements from space of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric methanol profiles within aged fire plumes are reported. Elevated levels of methanol at 0-45° S from 30 September to 3 November 2004 have been measured by the high resolution infrared spectrometer ACE-FTS onboard the SCISAT satellite. Methanol volume mixing ratios higher than 4000 pptv are detected and are strongly correlated with other fire products such as CO, C2H6, and HCN. A sensitivity study of the methanol retrieval, accounting for random and systematic contributions, shows that the retrieved methanol profile is reliable from 8.5 to 16.5 km, with an accuracy of about 20% for measurements inside polluted air masses. The upper tropospheric enhancement ratio of methanol with respect to CO is estimated from the correlation plot between methanol and CO for aged tropical biomass burning plumes. This ratio is in good agreement with the ratio measured in the free troposphere (up to 12 km) by recent aircraft studies and does not suggest any secondary production of methanol by oxidation in aged biomass burning plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methanol
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Artificial satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 21352790; Dufour, G. 1; Email Address: gaelle.dufour@lmd.polytechnique.fr; Boone, C. D. 2; Rinsland, C. P. 3; Bernath, P. F. 2; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Palaiseau, France; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p3945; Thesaurus Term: Methanol; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Ankur R.
AU  - Davis, Kenneth J.
AU  - Senff, Christoph J.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Stauffer, David R.
AU  - Reen, Brian P.
T1  - A Case Study on the Effects of Heterogeneous Soil Moisture on Mesoscale Boundary-Layer Structure in the Southern Great Plains, U.S.A. Part I: Simple Prognostic Model.
JO  - Boundary-Layer Meteorology
JF  - Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 119
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 238
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00068314
AB  - The atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) depth was observed by airborne lidar and balloon soundings during the Southern Great Plains 1997 field study (SGP97). This paper is Part I of a two-part case study examining the relationship of surface heterogeneity to observed ABL structure. Part I focuses on observations. During two days (12–13 July 1997) following rain, midday convective ABL depth varied by as much as 1.5 km across 400 km, even with moderate winds. Variability in ABL depth was driven primarily by the spatial variation in surface buoyancy flux as measured from short towers and aircraft within the SGP97 domain. Strong correlation was found between time-integrated buoyancy flux and airborne remotely sensed surface soil moisture for the two case-study days, but only a weak correlation was found between surface energy fluxes and vegetation greenness as measured by satellite. A simple prognostic one-dimensional ABL model was applied to test to what extent the soil moisture spatial heterogeneity explained the variation in north–south ABL depth across the SGP97 domain. The model was able to better predict mean ABL depth and variations on horizontal scales of approximately 100 km using observed soil moisture instead of constant soil moisture. Subsidence, advection, convergence/divergence and spatial variability of temperature inversion strength also contributed to ABL depth variations. In Part II, assimilation of high-resolution soil moisture into a three-dimensional mesoscale model (MM5) is discussed and shown to improve predictions of ABL structure. These results have implications for ABL models and the influence of soil moisture on mesoscale meteorology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Boundary-Layer Meteorology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Soil physics
KW  - Groundwater
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - High Plains (U.S.)
KW  - Boundary-layer depth
KW  - Convective boundary layer
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Surface buoyancy flux
N1  - Accession Number: 20976723; Desai, Ankur R. 1; Email Address: adesai@psu.edu; Davis, Kenneth J. 1; Senff, Christoph J. 2; Ismail, Syed 3; Browell, Edward V. 3; Stauffer, David R. 1; Reen, Brian P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building University Park 16802 U.S.A; 2: Atmospheric Lidar Division, NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory, Boulder U.S.A; 3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton U.S.A; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 119 Issue 2, p195; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Soil physics; Thesaurus Term: Groundwater; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: High Plains (U.S.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary-layer depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface buoyancy flux; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 14 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10546-005-9024-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Gormly, Sherwin
T1  - Storm Clouds.
JO  - Civil Engineering (08857024)
JF  - Civil Engineering (08857024)
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 76
IS  - 5
M3  - Letter
SP  - 10
EP  - 10
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08857024
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "Vaporizing the Gathering Storm," which was published in the March 2006 issue.
KW  - RESEARCH & development
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 20770831; Gormly, Sherwin 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center Carson City, Nevada; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p10; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH & development; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, D.
AU  - Simon, D. L.
T1  - Kalman filtering with inequality constraints for turbofan engine health estimation.
JO  - IEE Proceedings -- Control Theory & Applications
JF  - IEE Proceedings -- Control Theory & Applications
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 153
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 371
EP  - 378
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 13502379
AB  - Kalman filters are often used to estimate the state variables of a dynamic system. However, in the application of Kalman filters some known signal information is often either ignored or dealt with heuristically. For instance, state-variable constraints (which may be based on physical considerations) are often neglected because they do not fit easily into the structure of the Kalman filter. Thus, two analytical methods to incorporate state-variable inequality constraints into the Kalman filter are now derived. The first method is a general technique that uses hard constraints to enforce inequalities on the state-variable estimates. The resultant filter is a combination of a standard Kalman filter and a quadratic programming problem. The second method uses soft constraints to estimate those state variables that are known to vary slowly with time. (Soft constraints are constraints that are required to be approximately satisfied rather than exactly satisfied.) The incorporation of state-variable constraints increases the computational effort of the filter but significantly improves its estimation accuracy. The improvement is proven theoretically and simulations are used to show that the proposed algorithms can provide an improved performance over unconstrained Kalman filtering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEE Proceedings -- Control Theory & Applications is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - MATHEMATICAL programming
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - KALMAN filtering
N1  - Accession Number: 20179370; Simon, D. 1; Email Address: d.j.simon@csuohio.edu; Simon, D. L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Cleveland State University, Stilwell Hall, Room 332, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; 2: US Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 153 Issue 3, p371; Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Thesaurus Term: HEURISTIC; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL programming; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/ip-cta:20050074
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20179370&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schoeberl, Mark R.
AU  - Douglass, Anne R.
AU  - Hilsenrath, Ernest
AU  - Bhartia, Pawan K.
AU  - Beer, Reinhard
AU  - Waters, Joe William
AU  - Gunson, Michael R.
AU  - Froidevaux, Lucien
AU  - Gille, John C.
AU  - Barnett, John J.
AU  - Levelt, Pieternel F.
AU  - DeCola, Phil
T1  - Overview of the EOS Aura Mission.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1066
EP  - 1074
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Aura, the last of the large Earth Observing System observatories, was launched on July 15, 2004. Aura is designed to make comprehensive stratospheric and tropospheric composition measurements from its four instruments, the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES). With the exception of HIRDLS, all of the instruments are performing as expected, and HIRDLS will likely be able to deliver most of their planned data products. We summarize the mission, instruments, and synergies in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEASUREMENT -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - Aura
KW  - Earth Observing Syteni (EOS)
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 20902551; Schoeberl, Mark R. 1; Email Address: mark.r.schoeberl@nasa.gov; Douglass, Anne R. 1; Hilsenrath, Ernest 1; Bhartia, Pawan K. 1; Beer, Reinhard 2; Waters, Joe William 2; Gunson, Michael R. 2; Froidevaux, Lucien 2; Gille, John C. 3; Barnett, John J. 4; Levelt, Pieternel F. 5; DeCola, Phil 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; 3: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 4: Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 2JD, U.K; 5: Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute (KNMI), KS/AS, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, 20546 USA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1066; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aura; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Observing Syteni (EOS); Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Color Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2005.861950
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20902551&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joiner, Joanna
AU  - Vasilkov, Alexander P.
T1  - First Results From the OMI Rotational Raman Scattering Cloud Pressure Algorithm.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1272
EP  - 1282
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We have developed an algorithm to retrieve scattering cloud pressures and other cloud properties with the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The scattering cloud pressure is retrieved using the effects of rotational Raman scattering (RRS). It is defined as the pressure of a Lambertian surface that would produce the observed amount of RRS consistent with the derived reflectivity of that surface. The independent pixel approximation is used in conjunction with the Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity model to provide an effective radiative cloud fraction and scattering pressure in the presence of broken or thin cloud. The derived cloud pressures will enable accurate retrievals of trace gas mixing ratios, including ozone, in the troposphere within and above clouds. We describe details of the algorithm that will be used for the first release of these products. We compare our scattering cloud pressures with cloud-top pressures and other cloud properties from the Aqua Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. OMI and MODIS are part of the so-called A-train satellites flying in formation within 30 min of each other. Differences between OMI and MODIS are expected because the MODIS observations in the thermal infrared are more sensitive to the cloud top whereas the backscattered photons in the ultraviolet can penetrate deeper into clouds. Radiative transfer calculations are consistent with the observed differences. The OMI cloud pressures are shown to be correlated with the cirrus reflectance. This relationship indicates that OMI can probe through thin or moderately thick cirrus to lower lying water clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Cloud
KW  - Raman
KW  - retrieval
KW  - scattering
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 20902569; Joiner, Joanna 1; Email Address: joanna.joiner@nasa.gov; Vasilkov, Alexander P. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1272; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman; Author-Supplied Keyword: retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2005.861385
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20902569&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bowman, Kevin W.
AU  - Rodgers, Clive D.
AU  - Kulawik, Susan Sund
AU  - Worden, John
AU  - Sarkissian, Edwin
AU  - Osterman, Greg
AU  - Steck, Tilman
AU  - Ming Lou
AU  - Eldering, Annmarie
AU  - Shephard, Mark
AU  - Worden, Helen
AU  - Lampel, Michael
AU  - Clough, Shepard
AU  - Brown, Pat
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis
AU  - Gunson, Michael
AU  - Beer, Reinhard
T1  - Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer: Retrieval Method and Error Analysis.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1297
EP  - 1307
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We describe the approach for the estimation of the atmospheric state, e.g., temperature, water, ozone, from calibrated, spectral radiances measured from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard the Aura spacecraft. The methodology is based on the maximum a posteriori estimate, which mathematically requires the minimization of the difference between observed spectral radiances and a nonlinear model of radiative transfer of the atmospheric state subject to the constraint that the estimated state must be consistent with an a priori probability distribution for that state. The minimization techniques employed here are based on the trust-region Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. An analysis of the errors for this estimate include smoothing, random, spectroscopic, ‘cross-state,’ representation, and systematic errors. In addition, several metrics and diagnostics are introduced that assess the resolution, quality, and statistical significance of the retrievals. We illustrate this methodology for the retrieval of atmospheric and surface temperature, water vapor, and ozone over the Gulf of Mexico on November 3, 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - Atmospheres
KW  - constituents
KW  - inverse methods
KW  - remote sounding
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 20902572; Bowman, Kevin W. 1; Email Address: kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov; Rodgers, Clive D. 2; Kulawik, Susan Sund 1; Worden, John 1; Sarkissian, Edwin 1; Osterman, Greg 1; Steck, Tilman 3; Ming Lou 1; Eldering, Annmarie 1; Shephard, Mark 4; Worden, Helen 1; Lampel, Michael 5; Clough, Shepard 4; Brown, Pat 6; Rinsland, Curtis 7; Gunson, Michael 1; Beer, Reinhard 1; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; 2: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.; 3: Institut for Meterologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe 76021, Germany; 4: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, MA 02421 USA; 5: Raytheon, ITSS, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA; 6: Hartford Financial Services, Hartford, CT 06115 USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1297; Thesaurus Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: constituents; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sounding; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.871234
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20902572&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clough, Shepard A.
AU  - Shephard, Mark W.
AU  - Worden, John
AU  - Brown, Patrick D.
AU  - Worden, Helen M.
AU  - Mingzhao Luo
AU  - Rodgers, Clive D.
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Brown, Linda
AU  - Kulawik, Susan S.
AU  - Eldering, Annmarie
AU  - Lampel, Michael
AU  - Osterman, Greg
AU  - Beer, Reinhard
AU  - Bowman, Kevin
AU  - Cady-Pereira, Karen E.
AU  - Mlawer, Eli J.
T1  - Forward Model and Jacobians for Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Retrievals.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1308
EP  - 1323
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) is a high-resolution spaceborne sensor that is capable of observing tropospheric species. In order to exploit fully TES's potential for tropospheric constituent retrievals, an accurate and fast operational forward model was developed for TES. The forward model is an important component of the TES retrieval model, the Earth Limb and Nadir Operational Retrieval (ELANOR), as it governs the accuracy and speed of the calculations for the retrievals. In order to achieve the necessary accuracy and computational efficiency, TES adopted the strategy of utilizing precalculated absorption coefficients generated by the line-by-line calculations provided by line-by-line radiation transfer modeling. The decision to perform the radiative transfer with the highest monochromatic accuracy attainable, rather than with an accelerated scheme that has the potential to add algorithmic forward model error, has proven to be very successful for TES retrievals. A detailed description of the TES forward model and Jacobians is described. A preliminary TES observation is provided as an example to demonstrate that the TES forward model calculations represent TES observations. Also presented is a validation example, which is part of the extensive forward model validation effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SPACE photography
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - JACOBIAN matrices
KW  - ALGEBRAIC curves
KW  - Earth Limb and Nadir Operational Retrieval (ELANOR)
KW  - forward model
KW  - Jacobians
KW  - line-by-line radiation transfer modeling (LBLRTM)
KW  - radiative transfer (RT)
KW  - TES
KW  - Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)
N1  - Accession Number: 20902573; Clough, Shepard A. 1; Email Address: sclough@aer.com; Shephard, Mark W. 1; Email Address: mshephar@aer.com; Worden, John 2; Brown, Patrick D. 1,3; Worden, Helen M. 2; Mingzhao Luo 2; Rodgers, Clive D. 4; Rinsland, Curtis P. 5; Goldman, Aaron 6; Brown, Linda 2; Kulawik, Susan S. 2; Eldering, Annmarie 2; Lampel, Michael 7; Osterman, Greg 2; Beer, Reinhard 2; Bowman, Kevin 2; Cady-Pereira, Karen E. 1; Mlawer, Eli J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), Lexington, MA 02421-3126 SA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; 3: Hartford Financial Services Group, Hartford, CT 06115 USA; 4: Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, U.K.; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-3142, USA; 6: University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA; 7: Raytheon Technical Services Co., LLC, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1308; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SPACE photography; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: JACOBIAN matrices; Subject Term: ALGEBRAIC curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Limb and Nadir Operational Retrieval (ELANOR); Author-Supplied Keyword: forward model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jacobians; Author-Supplied Keyword: line-by-line radiation transfer modeling (LBLRTM); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer (RT); Author-Supplied Keyword: TES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2005.860986
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20902573&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gandhi, Tarak
AU  - Mau-Tsuen Yang
AU  - Kasturi, Rangachar
AU  - Camps, Octavia I.
AU  - Coraor, Lee D.
AU  - McCandless, Jeffrey
T1  - Performance Characterization of the Dynamic Programming Obstacle Detection Algorithm.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1202
EP  - 1214
SN  - 10577149
AB  - A computer vision-based system using images from an airborne aircraft can increase flight safety by aiding the pilot to detect obstacles in the flight path so as to avoid mid-air collisions. Such a system fits naturally with the development of an external vision system proposed by NASA for use in high-speed civil transport aircraft with limited cockpit visibility. The detection techniques should provide high detection probability for obstacles that can vary from subpixels to a few pixels in size, while maintaining a low false alarm probability in the presence of noise and severe background clutter. Furthermore, the detection algorithms must be able to report such obstacles in a timely fashion, imposing severe constraints on their execution time. For this purpose, we have implemented a number of algorithms to detect airborne obstacles using image sequences obtained from a camera mounted on an aircraft. This paper describes the methodology used for characterizing the performance of the dynamic programming obstacle detection algorithm and its special cases. The experimental results were obtained using several types of image sequences, with simulated and real backgrounds. The approximate performance of the algorithm is also theoretically derived using principles of statistical analysis in terms of the signal-to-noise ration (SNR) required for the probabilities of false alarms and misdetections to be lower than prespecified values. The theoretical and experimental performance are compared in terms of the required SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Image Processing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - FALSE alarms
KW  - Autonomous navigation
KW  - dynamic programming
KW  - obstacle detection
KW  - performance characterization
KW  - target detection
N1  - Accession Number: 20648272; Gandhi, Tarak 1; Email Address: tarakgandhi@hotmail.com; Mau-Tsuen Yang 2; Email Address: mtyang@mail.ndhu.edu.tw; Kasturi, Rangachar 3; Email Address: rlk@cse.usf.edu; Camps, Octavia I. 4,5; Email Address: camps@psu.edu; Coraor, Lee D. 5; Email Address: coraor@cse.psu.edu; McCandless, Jeffrey 6; Email Address: jeffrey.mccandless@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory, University California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0434 USA.; 2: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.; 3: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.; 4: Department of Electrical Engineering,  Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.; 5: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p1202; Thesaurus Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Thesaurus Term: DYNAMIC programming; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: FALSE alarms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomous navigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: obstacle detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: performance characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: target detection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIP.2005.863973
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20648272&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Polak, Simon
AU  - Barniv, Yair
AU  - Baram, Yoram
T1  - Head Motion Anticipation for Virtual-Environment Applications Using Kinematics and EMG Energy.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 569
EP  - 576
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Real-time human-computer interaction plays an important role in virtual-environment (VE) applications. Such interaction can be improved by detecting and reacting to the user's head motion. Today's VE systems use head-mounted inertial sensors to update and spatially stabilize the image displayed to a user through a head-mounted display. Since motion can only be detected after it has already occurred, latencies in the stabilization scheme can only be reduced but never eliminated. Such latencies slow down manual control, cause inaccuracies in matching real and virtual objects through a half-transparent display, and reduce the sense of presence. This paper presents novel methods for reducing VE latencies by anticipating future head motion based on electromyographic (EMG) signals originating from the major neck muscles and head kinematics; it also reports results for anticipation of 17.5 and 35 ms. Features extracted from the EMG signals are used to train a neural network in mapping EMG data, given present head kinematics, into future head motion. The trained network is then used in real time for head-motion anticipation, which gives the VE system the time advantage necessary to compensate for the inherent latencies. The main contribution of this work is the use of EMG energy and bounded head acceleration as the key input/output information, which results in improved performance compared to the previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - ERGONOMICS
KW  - KNOWLEDGE management
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
KW  - Electromyogram
KW  - head-mounted display
KW  - neural networks
KW  - pattern recognition
KW  - virtual environment
N1  - Accession Number: 20992306; Polak, Simon 1; Email Address: cspolak@tx.technion.ac.il; Barniv, Yair 2; Email Address: ybarniv@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Baram, Yoram 1; Email Address: baram@cs.technion.ac.il; Affiliations: 1: Computer Science Department, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel; 2: Human Information Processing Research Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p569; Thesaurus Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Thesaurus Term: ERGONOMICS; Thesaurus Term: KNOWLEDGE management; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromyogram; Author-Supplied Keyword: head-mounted display; Author-Supplied Keyword: neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: pattern recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: virtual environment; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2005.855781
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=20992306&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaber, David B.
AU  - Perry, Carlene M.
AU  - Segall, Noa
AU  - McClernon, Christopher K.
AU  - Prinzel, Lawrence J.
T1  - Situation awareness implications of adaptive automation for information processing in an air traffic control-related task
JO  - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
JF  - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 447
EP  - 462
SN  - 01698141
AB  - Abstract: The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of adaptive automation (AA) for supporting information processing (IP) in a complex, dynamic control task by defining a measure of situation awareness (SA) sensitive to differences in the forms of automation. The task was an air traffic control (ATC)-related simulation and was developed to present four different modes of automation of IP functions, including information acquisition, information analysis, decision making and action implementation automation, as well as a completely manual control mode. A total of 16 participants were recruited for a pilot study and primary experiment. The pilot assessed the sensitivity and reliability of the Situation Awareness Global Assessment Technique (SAGAT) for describing AA support of the IP functions. Half of the participants were used in the primary experiment, which refined the SA measure and described the implications of AA for IP on SA using the ATC-like simulation. Participants were exposed to all forms of automation and manual control. AA conditions matched operator workload states to dynamic control allocations in the primary task. The pilot did not reveal significant differences in SA among the various AA conditions. In the primary experiment, participant recall of aircraft was cued and relevance weights were assigned to aircraft at the time of simulation freezes. The modified measure of SA revealed operator perception and Total SA to improve when automation was applied to the information acquisition function. In both experiments, performance in the ATC-related task simulation was significantly superior when automation was applied to information acquisition and action implementation (sensory and motor processing), as compared to automation of cognitive functions, specifically information analysis. The primary experiment revealed information analysis and decision-making automation to cause higher workload, attributable to visual demands of displays. Industry relevance: The results of this research may serve as a general guide for the design of adaptive automation functionality in the aviation industry, particularly for information processing support in air traffic control tasks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Automation
KW  - Automatic identification
KW  - Information processing
KW  - Information science
KW  - Adaptive automation
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Situation awareness
KW  - Workload
N1  - Accession Number: 20621155; Kaber, David B. 1; Email Address: dbkaber@ncsu.edu; Perry, Carlene M. 2; Segall, Noa 2; McClernon, Christopher K. 3; Prinzel, Lawrence J. 4; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Automation, College of Informatics and Electrical Engineering, University of Rostock, Rostock-Warnemünde, Germany; 2: Edward P. Fitts Department of Industrial Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 3: Department of Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, United States Air Force Academy, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Roads, VA, USA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p447; Thesaurus Term: Automation; Subject Term: Automatic identification; Subject Term: Information processing; Subject Term: Information science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive automation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air traffic control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Situation awareness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Workload; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ergon.2006.01.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - McConnell, Jeffrey K.
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
T1  - Transonic Free-to-Roll Analysis of the F-35 (Joint Strike Fighter) Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 608
EP  - 615
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The free-to-roll technique is used as a tool for predicting areas of uncommanded lateral motions. Recently, the NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program extended the use of this technique to the transonic speed regime. Using this technique, this paper evaluates various wing configurations on the Joint Strike Fighter (F-35) aircraft. The configurations investigated include leading- and trailing-edge flap deflections, leading-edge flap gap seals, and vortex generators. These tests were conducted in the NASA Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel. The analysis used a modification of a figure of merit developed during the Abrupt Wing Stall Program to discern configuration effects. The results showed how the figure of merit can be used to schedule wing flap deflections to avoid areas of uncommanded lateral motion. The analysis also used both static and dynamic wind-tunnel data to provide insight into the uncommanded lateral behavior. The dynamic data were extracted from the time history data using parameter identification techniques. In general, sealing the gap between the inboard and outboard leading-edge flaps on the Navy version of the F-35 eliminated uncommanded lateral activity or delayed the activity to a higher angle of attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
N1  - Accession Number: 21802383; Source Information: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p608; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 12 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, W.
AU  - Krist, S.
AU  - Campbell, R.
T1  - Transonic Airfoil Shape Optimization in Preliminary Design Environment.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 639
EP  - 651
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A modified profile optimization method using a smoothest shape modification strategy (POSSEM) is developed for airfoil shape optimization in a preliminary design environment. POSSEM is formulated to overcome two technical difficulties frequently encountered when conducting multipoint airfoil optimization within a high-resolution design space: the generation of undesirable optimal airfoil shapes and significant degradation in the off-design performance. To demonstrate the usefulness of POSSEM in a preliminary design environment, a design competition was conducted with the objective of improving a fairly well-designed baseline airfoil at four transonic flight conditions without incurring any off-design performance degradation. Independently, two designs were generated from the inverse design tool CDISC, while a third design was generated from POSSEM using over 200 control points of a cubic B-spline curve representation of the airfoil as design variables for the shape optimization. Pros and cons of all of the airfoil designs are documented along with in-depth analyses of simulation results. The POSSEM design exhibits a fairly smooth curvature and no degradation in the off-design performance. Moreover, it has the lowest average drag at the design conditions among the three airfoil designs, as evaluated from each of three different flow solvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21802386; Source Information: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p639; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
T1  - Origin of Exponential Solution for Laminar Decay of Isolated Vortex.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 712
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The origin of the exact, closed-form, self-similar exponential solution for the laminar decay of an isolated two-dimensional vortex in a viscous incompressible fluid is studied to find a proper name for the function. Two major contributions to the solution are the similarity parameter derived by Boltzmann and the derivation of the form of the solution by Carslaw for the diffusion of heat from a line source, that is, a spark or lightning stroke. Lamb adapted the heat transfer solution derived by Carslaw to the time-dependent diffusion of vorticity from a potential line vortex, and, after publication of his book, has provided a short, complete, and readily available derivation. Oseen's derivation followed about four years later and is not as complete. Various titles for the solution are believed to be appropriate, including a generic name such as exponential vortex solution, or the name of Lamb. The name of Lamb is probably the most appropriate because he was the first in existing literature to put the entire derivation together and because the presentation is compact, complete, and readily available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - VORTEX generators
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - LIGHTNING
KW  - HEAT transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 21802393; Source Information: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p709; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: LIGHTNING; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 4p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potsdam, Mark
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Rotor Airloads Prediction Using Loose Aerodynamic/Structural Coupling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 732
EP  - 742
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and rotorcraft computational structural dynamics (CSD) code are coupled to calculate helicopter rotor airloads across a range of flight conditions. An iterative loose (weak) coupling methodology is used to couple the CFD and CSD codes on a per revolution, periodic basis. The CFD code uses a high fidelity, Navier-Stokes, overset grid methodology with first principles-based wake capturing. Modifications are made to the CFD code for the aeroelastic analysis. For a UH-60A Blackhawk helicopter, three challenging level flight conditions are computed: 1) high speed, µ = 0.37, with advancing blade negative lift, 2) low speed, µ = 0.15, with blade-vortex interaction, and 3) high thrust with dynamic stall, µ = 0.24. Results are compared with UH-60A Airloads Program flight test data. For all cases the loose coupling methodology is shown to be stable, convergent, and robust with full coupling of normal force, pitching moment, and chord force. In comparison With flight test data, normal force and pitching moment phase and magnitude are in good agreement. The shapes of the airloads curves are well captured. Overall, the results are a noteworthy improvement over lifting line aerodynamics used in rotorcraft comprehensive codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 21802396; Source Information: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p732; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chabalko, Christopher C.
AU  - Hajj, Muhammad R.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Flutter of High-Speed Civil Transport Flexible Semispan Model: Time-Frequency Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 743
EP  - 748
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Time/frequency analysis of fluctuations measured by pressure taps and strain gauges ill the experimental studies of the flexible semispan model of a high-speed civil transport wing configuration is performed. The interest is ill determining the coupling between the aerodynamic loads and structural motions that led to the hard flutter conditions and loss of the model. The results show that, away from the hard flutter point, the aerodynamic loads at all pressure taps near the wing tip and the structural motions contained the same frequency components. On the other hand, in the flow conditions leading to the hard flutter, the frequency content of the pressure fluctuations near the leading and trailing edges varied significantly. This led to contribution to the structural motions over two frequency ranges. The ratio of these ranges was near 2:1, which suggests the possibility of nonlinear structural coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - OSCILLATING wings (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21802397; Source Information: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p743; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: OSCILLATING wings (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 16 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hirshon, Jon
AU  - Weiss, Sheila
AU  - LoCasale, Robert
AU  - Levine, Elissa
AU  - Blaisdell, Carol
T1  - Looking Beyond Urban/Rural Differences: Emergency Department Utilization by Asthmatic Children.
JO  - Journal of Asthma
JF  - Journal of Asthma
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 306
SN  - 02770903
AB  - Asthma causes pediatric morbidity throughout the US with substantial regional variability. Emergency department (ED) utilization data were studied to determine if geographic variability of pediatric asthma cases exists within a state. Records for non-neonatal Maryland children less than 18 years of age seen and discharged from Maryland EDs from April 1997 through March 2001 were analyzed. While Baltimore City had the highest rates of asthma visits, adjusted odds ratios identified the wealthiest suburban county to have a higher risk of an asthma ED visit. Children from rural counties, for the most part, had fewer ED asthma visits than children from urban and suburban counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Asthma is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTHMA in children
KW  - EMERGENCY medical services
KW  - HOSPITAL emergency services
KW  - HOSPITAL utilization
KW  - MARYLAND
KW  - asthma
KW  - children
KW  - emergency departments
KW  - geographic variability
KW  - Maryland
N1  - Accession Number: 20750660; Hirshon, Jon 1; Email Address: jhirs001@umaryland.edu; Weiss, Sheila 2; LoCasale, Robert 3; Levine, Elissa 4; Blaisdell, Carol 5; Source Information: May2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p301; Subject: ASTHMA in children; Subject: EMERGENCY medical services; Subject: HOSPITAL emergency services; Subject: HOSPITAL utilization; Geographic Terms: MARYLAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: asthma; Author-Supplied Keyword: children; Author-Supplied Keyword: emergency departments; Author-Supplied Keyword: geographic variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maryland; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02770900600623255
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarez, J. M.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hunt, W. H.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Calibration Technique for Polarization-Sensitive Lidars.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 683
EP  - 699
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Polarization-sensitive lidars have proven to be highly effective in discriminating between spherical and nonspherical particles in the atmosphere. These lidars use a linearly polarized laser and are equipped with a receiver that can separately measure the components of the return signal polarized parallel and perpendicular to the outgoing beam. In this work a technique for calibrating polarization-sensitive lidars is described that was originally developed at NASA's Langley Research Center (LaRC) and has been used continually over the past 15 yr. The procedure uses a rotatable half-wave plate inserted into the optical path of the lidar receiver to introduce controlled amounts of polarization cross talk into a sequence of atmospheric backscatter measurements. Solving the resulting system of nonlinear equations generates the system calibration constants (gain ratio and offset angle) required for deriving calibrated measurements of depolarization ratio from the lidar signals. In addition, this procedure also determines the mean depolarization ratio within the region of the atmosphere that is analyzed. Simulations and error propagation studies show the method to be both reliable and well behaved. Operational details of the technique are illustrated using measurements obtained as part of LaRC's participation in the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Meteorological optics
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Optoelectronic devices
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - Atmosphere -- Laser observations
KW  - Aeronautics -- United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 20887411; Alvarez, J. M. 1; Vaughan, M. A. 2; Email Address: m.a.vaughan@larc.nasa.gov; Hostetler, C. A. 1; Hunt, W. H. 2; Winker, D. M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 23 Issue 5, p683; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological optics; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Optoelectronic devices; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject Term: Atmosphere -- Laser observations; Subject Term: Aeronautics -- United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ridley, B. A.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Plant, J. V.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Montzka, D. D.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Dye, J. E.
AU  - Richard, E. C.
T1  - Sampling of Chemical Constituents in Electrically Active Convective Systems: Results and Cautions.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - On flights of a P3-B turboprop and a WB-57F jet aircraft within thunderstorm systems, short term spikes (1–2 sec or less in duration) in NO and O3 were recorded and are attributed to hot or cold discharges occurring on the aircraft fuselage or air sampling inlets. One such spike of only ∼300 msec duration reached 325 ppbv of NO on the flight of the jet aircraft while at 13.8 km altitude. In a lightning flash to the P3-B aircraft, production of NO (expected) and NO2 (unexpected) were directly observed. The NO production was ∼ 1.7 x 1022 molecules/m of flash length. In the P3-B flight at 5.5 km altitude and over a distance of ∼ 275 km within a highly electrically active thunderstorm complex in the equatorial central Pacific Ocean, there was no evidence of production of O3 or CO by lightning flashes or by any type of hot or cold discharge involved in the development of free-air lightning flashes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Lightning
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Thunderstorms
KW  - Photoelectromagnetic effects
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - Airplanes -- Fuselage
KW  - Air sampling apparatus
KW  - Pacific Ocean
KW  - aircraft discharges
KW  - carbon monoxide
KW  - CRYSTAL-FACE
KW  - lightning
KW  - nitric oxide
KW  - ozone
KW  - PEM-tropics B
N1  - Accession Number: 21708225; Ridley, B. A. 1; Email Address: ridley@ucar.edu; Avery, M. A. 2; Plant, J. V. 2; Vay, S. A. 2; Montzka, D. D. 1; Weinheimer, A. J. 1; Knapp, D. J. 1; Dye, J. E. 1; Richard, E. C. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 2: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, 23681, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, USA; 3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Lightning; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Nitric oxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Thunderstorms; Subject Term: Photoelectromagnetic effects; Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject Term: Airplanes -- Fuselage; Subject Term: Air sampling apparatus; Subject: Pacific Ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: CRYSTAL-FACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: lightning; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitric oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEM-tropics B; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-005-9007-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiquan Dong
AU  - Baike Xi
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - A Climatology of Midlatitude Continental Clouds from the ARM SGP Central Facility. Part II: Cloud Fraction and Surface Radiative Forcing.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1765
EP  - 1783
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Data collected at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility (SCF) are analyzed to determine the monthly and hourly variations of cloud fraction and radiative forcing between January 1997 and December 2002. Cloud fractions are estimated for total cloud cover and for single-layered low (0–3 km), middle (3–6 km), and high clouds (>6 km) using ARM SCF ground-based paired lidar–radar measurements. Shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes are derived from up- and down-looking standard precision spectral pyranometers and precision infrared radiometer measurements with uncertainties of ∼10 W m-2. The annual averages of total and single-layered low-, middle-, and high-cloud fractions are 0.49, 0.11, 0.03, and 0.17, respectively. Both total- and low-cloud amounts peak during January and February and reach a minimum during July and August; high clouds occur more frequently than other types of clouds with a peak in summer. The average annual downwelling surface SW fluxes for total and low clouds (151 and 138 W m-2, respectively) are less than those under middle and high clouds (188 and 201 W m-2, respectively), but the downwelling LW fluxes (349 and 356 W m-2) underneath total and low clouds are greater than those from middle and high clouds (337 and 333 W m-2). Low clouds produce the largest LW warming (55 W m-2) and SW cooling (-91 W m-2) effects with maximum and minimum absolute values in spring and summer, respectively. High clouds have the smallest LW warming (17 W m-2) and SW cooling (-37 W m-2) effects at the surface. All-sky SW cloud radiative forcing (CRF) decreases and LW CRF increases with increasing cloud fraction with mean slopes of -0.984 and 0.616 W m-2 %-1, respectively. Over the entire diurnal cycle, clouds deplete the amount of surface insolation more than they add to the downwelling LW flux. The calculated CRFs do not appear to be significantly affected by uncertainties in data sampling and clear-sky screening. Traditionally, cloud radiative forcing includes not only the radiative impact of the hydrometeors, but also the changes in the environment. Taken together over the ARM SCF, changes in humidity and surface albedo between clear and cloudy conditions offset ∼20% of the NET radiative forcing caused by the cloud hydrometeors alone. Variations in water vapor, on average, account for 10% and 83% of the SW and LW CRFs, respectively, in total cloud cover conditions. The error analysis further reveals that the cloud hydrometeors dominate the SW CRF, while water vapor changes are most important for LW flux changes in cloudy skies. Similar studies over other locales are encouraged where water and surface albedo changes from clear to cloudy conditions may be much different than observed over the ARM SCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Hydrometer
KW  - Pyranometer
KW  - Great Plains
N1  - Accession Number: 20790385; Xiquan Dong 1; Email Address: dong@aero.und.edu; Baike Xi 1; Minnis, Patrick 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1765; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Hydrometer; Subject Term: Pyranometer; Subject Term: Great Plains; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 106017476
T1  - Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: implications for space exploration by human beings.
AU  - Cucinotta FA
AU  - Durante M
Y1  - 2006/05//
N1  - Accession Number: 106017476. Language: English. Entry Date: 20071207. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100957246. 
KW  - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- Risk Factors
KW  - Radiation, Ionizing -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Gamma Rays -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Mutation -- Radiation Effects
KW  - Neoplasms -- Risk Factors
KW  - Risk Assessment
SP  - 431
EP  - 435
JO  - Lancet Oncology
JF  - Lancet Oncology
JA  - LANCET ONCOL
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Elsevier Science
AB  - Space programmes are shifting toward planetary exploration, and in particular towards missions by human beings to the moon and Mars. However, exposure to space radiation is an important barrier to exploration of the solar system by human beings because of the biological effects of high-energy heavy ions. These ions have a high charge and energy, are the main contributors to radiation risk in deep space, and their biological effects are understood poorly. Predictions of the nature and magnitude of risks posed by exposure to radiation in space are subject to many uncertainties. In recent years, worldwide efforts have focussed on an increased understanding of the oncogenic potential of galactic cosmic rays. A review of the new results in this specialty will be presented here.
SN  - 1470-2045
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B Johnson Space Centre, Houston, TX 77058, USA. Francis.A.Cucinotta@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 16648048.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
T1  - Using the Bootstrap Method for a Statistical Significance Test of Differences between Summary Histograms.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 134
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1442
EP  - 1453
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - A new method is proposed to compare statistical differences between summary histograms, which are the histograms summed over a large ensemble of individual histograms. It consists of choosing a distance statistic for measuring the difference between summary histograms and using a bootstrap procedure to calculate the statistical significance level. Bootstrapping is an approach to statistical inference that makes few assumptions about the underlying probability distribution that describes the data. Three distance statistics are compared in this study. They are the Euclidean distance, the Jeffries–Matusita distance, and the Kuiper distance. The data used in testing the bootstrap method are satellite measurements of cloud systems called “cloud objects.” Each cloud object is defined as a contiguous region/patch composed of individual footprints or fields of view. A histogram of measured values over footprints is generated for each parameter of each cloud object, and then summary histograms are accumulated over all individual histograms in a given cloud-object size category. The results of statistical hypothesis tests using all three distances as test statistics are generally similar, indicating the validity of the proposed method. The Euclidean distance is determined to be most suitable after comparing the statistical tests of several parameters with distinct probability distributions among three cloud-object size categories. Impacts on the statistical significance levels resulting from differences in the total lengths of satellite footprint data between two size categories are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Distribution (Probability theory)
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Hypothesis
KW  - Distances -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 20778975; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 134 Issue 5, p1442; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Distribution (Probability theory); Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Hypothesis; Subject Term: Distances -- Measurement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenberg, Jonathan A.
AU  - Dobrowski, Solomon Z.
AU  - Ramirez, Carlos M.
AU  - Tull, Jahalel L.
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
T1  - A Bottom-up Approach to Vegetation Mapping of the Lake Tahoe Basin Using Hyperspatial Image Analysis.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 72
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 581
EP  - 589
SN  - 00991112
AB  - Increasing demands on the accuracy and thematic resolution of vegetation community maps from remote sensing imagery has created a need for novel image analysis techniques. We present a case study for vegetation mapping of the Lake Tahoe Basin which fulfills many of the requirements of the Federal Geographic Date Committee base-level mapping (FGDC, 1997) by using hyperspatial Ikonos imagery analyzed with a fusion of pixel-based species classification, automated image segmentation techniques to define vegetation patch boundaries, and vegetation community classification using querying of the species classification raster based on existing and novel rulesets. This techniques led to accurate FGDC physiognomic classes. Floristic classes such as dominance type remain somewhat problematic due to inaccurate species classification results. Vegetation, tree and shrub cover estimates (FGDC required attributes) were determined accurately. We discuss strategies and challenges to vegetation community mapping in the context of standards currently being advanced for thematic attributes and  accuracy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation mapping
KW  - MAPS
KW  - Image analysis
KW  - Phytogeography
KW  - Cartography
KW  - Imaging systems
KW  - Artificial satellites in remote sensing
KW  - Aerial photogrammetry
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Tahoe, Lake (Calif. & Nev.)
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 20737352; Greenberg, Jonathan A. 1; Email Address: jgreenberg@arc.nasa.gov; Dobrowski, Solomon Z. 2; Ramirez, Carlos M. 3; Tull, Jahalel L. 2; Ustin, Susan L. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; 2: CASPACE, University of California, Davis, CA; 3: USDA Forest Service, Region 5, State and Private Forestry - Forest Health Protection, McClellan, CA; Issue Info: May2006, Vol. 72 Issue 5, p581; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation mapping; Thesaurus Term: MAPS; Subject Term: Image analysis; Subject Term: Phytogeography; Subject Term: Cartography; Subject Term: Imaging systems; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: Aerial photogrammetry; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Subject: Tahoe, Lake (Calif. & Nev.); Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lorenz, R. D.
AU  - Wall, S.
AU  - Radebaugh, J.
AU  - Boubin, G.
AU  - Reffet, E.
AU  - Janssen, M.
AU  - Stofan, E.
AU  - Lopes, R.
AU  - Kirk, R.
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Lunine, J.
AU  - Mitchell, K.
AU  - Paganelli, F.
AU  - Soderblom, L.
AU  - Wood, C.
AU  - Wye, L.
AU  - Zebker, H.
AU  - Anderson, Y.
AU  - Ostro, S.
AU  - Allison, M.
T1  - The Sand Seas of Titan: Cassini RADAR Observations of Longitudinal Dunes.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/05/05/
VL  - 312
IS  - 5774
M3  - Article
SP  - 724
EP  - 727
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The most recent Cassini RADAR images of Titan show widespread regions (up to 1500 kilometers by 200 kilometers) of near-parallel radar-dark linear features that appear to be seas of longitudinal dunes similar to those seen in the Namib desert on Earth. The Ku-band (2.17-centimeter wavelength) images show ∼100-meter ridges consistent with duneforms and reveal flow interactions with underlying hills. The distribution and orientation of the dunes support a model of fluctuating surface winds of ∼0.5 meter per second resulting from the combination of an eastward flow with a variable tidal wind. The existence of dunes also requires geological processes that create sand-sized (100- to 300-micrometer) particulates and a Lack of persistent equatorial surface liquids to act as sand traps, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sand dunes
KW  - Radar
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Namib Desert (Namibia)
KW  - Thickness measurement
KW  - Geological modeling
KW  - Winds -- Measurement
KW  - Wavelengths
N1  - Accession Number: 20994609; Lorenz, R. D. 1; Email Address: rlorenz@lpl.arizona.edu; Wall, S. 2; Radebaugh, J. 1; Boubin, G. 1; Reffet, E. 1; Janssen, M. 2; Stofan, E. 2; Lopes, R. 2,3; Kirk, R. 4; Elachi, C. 2,5; Lunine, J. 1,2; Mitchell, K. 2; Paganelli, F. 2; Soderblom, L. 4; Wood, C. 6,7; Wye, L. 8; Zebker, H. 8; Anderson, Y. 2; Ostro, S. 2; Allison, M. 9; Affiliations: 1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 3: Proxemy Research, Bowie, MD 20715, USA; 4: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 , USA; 5: RADAR Team Leader, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 6: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 7: Wheeling Jesuit College, Wheeling, WV 2603, USA; 8: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York, NY 10025, USA; 9: Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France; Issue Info: 5/5/2006, Vol. 312 Issue 5774, p724; Thesaurus Term: Sand dunes; Subject Term: Radar; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Namib Desert (Namibia); Subject Term: Thickness measurement; Subject Term: Geological modeling; Subject Term: Winds -- Measurement; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1123527
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Alexander, Conel M. O'D.
T1  - Chondrule formation in particle-rich nebular regions at least hundreds of kilometres across.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/05/25/
VL  - 441
IS  - 7092
M3  - Article
SP  - 483
EP  - 485
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Chondrules are millimetre-sized spherules (mostly silicate) that dominate the texture of primitive meteorites. Their formation mechanism is debated, but their sheer abundance suggests that the mechanism was both energetic and ubiquitous in the early inner Solar System. The processes suggested—such as shock waves, solar flares or nebula lightning—operate on different length scales that have been hard to relate directly to chondrule properties. Chondrules are depleted in volatile elements, but surprisingly they show little evidence for the associated loss of lighter isotopes one would expect. Here we report a model in which molten chondrules come to equilibrium with the gas that was evaporated from other chondrules, and which explains the observations in a natural way. The regions within which the chondrules formed must have been larger than 150–6,000 km in radius, and must have had a precursor number density of at least 10 m-3. These constraints probably exclude nebula lightning, and also make formation far from the nebula midplane problematic. The wide range of chondrule compositions may be the result of different combinations of the local concentrations of precursors and the local abundance of water ice or vapour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chondrules
KW  - Nebulae
KW  - Isotopes
KW  - Chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - Solar system
N1  - Accession Number: 20927453; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1; Email Address: jcuzzi@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Alexander, Conel M. O'D. 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015, USA; Issue Info: 5/25/2006, Vol. 441 Issue 7092, p483; Subject Term: Chondrules; Subject Term: Nebulae; Subject Term: Isotopes; Subject Term: Chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: Solar system; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature04834
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Acosta, Dean
T1  - Working Together for Communication.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/05/26/
VL  - 312
IS  - 5777
M3  - Letter
SP  - 1138
EP  - 1138
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "The New Gag Rules," by Donald Kennedy in the February 17, 2006 issue.
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Letters to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 21178457; Acosta, Dean 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, DC 20546, USA.; Issue Info: 5/26/2006, Vol. 312 Issue 5777, p1138; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Madson, Michael D.
T1  - A SIMULATING EXPERIENCE.
JO  - Airport Business
JF  - Airport Business
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 20
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 11
SN  - 10721797
AB  - The article focuses on the implementation of the O'Hare Modernization Program in O'Hare International Airport in Chicago, Illinois. The program was designed to reduce delays and air traffic at the airport. The mechanism of the program involves the operation of a real-time, human-in-the-loop simulation of a new airport plan. The simulation enables air traffic controllers to communicate with each other and interface with the new technology and new demands.
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AIRPORTS
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - CHICAGO (Ill.)
KW  - ILLINOIS
N1  - Accession Number: 20949239; Madson, Michael D. 1; Email Address: mike.madson@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Deputy Manager, FutureFlight Central, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jun2006, Vol. 20 Issue 7, p8; Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Thesaurus Term: AIRPORTS; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject: CHICAGO (Ill.); Subject: ILLINOIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Stefan J.
AU  - Inbar, Ehud
AU  - Michel Jr., Frederick C.
AU  - Hadar, Yitzhak
AU  - Minz, Dror
T1  - Succession of Bacterial Communities during Early Plant Development: Transition from Seed to Root and Effect of Compost Amendment.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 72
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3975
EP  - 3983
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Compost amendments to soils and potting mixes are routinely applied to improve soil fertility and plant growth and health. These amendments, which contain high levels of organic matter and microbial cells, can influence microbial communities associated with plants grown in such soils. The purpose of this study was to follow the bacterial community compositions of seed and subsequent root surfaces in the presence and absence of compost in the potting mix. The bacterial community compositions of potting mixes, seed, and root surfaces sampled at three stages of plant growth were analyzed via general and newly developed Bacteroidetes-specific, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methodologies. These analyses revealed that seed surfaces were colonized primarily by populations detected in the initial potting mixes, many of which were not detected in subsequent root analyses. The most persistent bacterial populations detected in this study belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium (Bacteroidetes) and the family Oxalobacteraceae (Betaproteobacteria). The patterns of colonization by populations within these taxa differed significantly and may reflect differences in the physiology of these organisms. Overall, analyses of bacterial community composition revealed a surprising prevalence and diversity of Bacteroidetes in all treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Compost
KW  - Soil amendments
KW  - Soil fertility
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Potting soils
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Plant health
KW  - Electrophoresis
N1  - Accession Number: 21366088; Green, Stefan J. 1,2,3; Inbar, Ehud 1,2; Michel Jr., Frederick C. 4; Hadar, Yitzhak 1; Minz, Dror 2; Email Address: minz@volcani.agri.gov.iI; Affiliations: 1: Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel; 2: Institute of Water, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel; 3: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; 4: Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio; Issue Info: Jun2006, Vol. 72 Issue 6, p3975; Thesaurus Term: Compost; Thesaurus Term: Soil amendments; Thesaurus Term: Soil fertility; Thesaurus Term: Plant growth; Thesaurus Term: Potting soils; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Subject Term: Plant health; Subject Term: Electrophoresis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325314 Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562219 Other Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115112 Soil Preparation, Planting, and Cultivating; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02771-05
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolau, Symeon
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papolymerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - Conformal Double Exponentially Tapered Slot Antenna (DETSA) on LCP for UWB Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2006/06//
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1663
EP  - 1669
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - We discuss the use of a double exponentially tapered slot antenna (DETSA) fabricated on flexible liquid crystal polymer (LCP) as a candidate for ultrawideband (UWB) communications systems. The features of the antenna and the effect of the antenna on a transmitted pulse are investigated. Return loss and E and H plane radiation pattern measurements are presented in several frequencies covering the whole ultra wide band. The return loss remains below -10 dB and the shape of the radiation pattern remains fairly constant in the whole UWB range (3.110.6 GHz). The main lobe characteristic of the radiation pattern remains stable even when the antenna is significantly conformed. The major effect of the conformation is an increase in the cross polarization component amplitude. The system: transmitter DETSA—channel - receiver DETSA is measured in frequency domain and shows that the antenna adds very little distortion on a transmitted pulse. The distortion remain small even when both transmitter and receiver antennas are folded, although it increases slightly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APERTURE antennas
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - ULTRA-wideband antennas
KW  - LIQUID crystals
KW  - POLYMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 21633358; Source Information: Jun2006, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p1663; Subject Term: APERTURE antennas; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Subject Term: ULTRA-wideband antennas; Subject Term: LIQUID crystals; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2006.875915
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cameron, Charles B.
AU  - Rodríguez, Rosa Nívea
AU  - Padgett, Nathan
AU  - Waluschka, Eugene
AU  - Kizhner, Semion
AU  - Colón, Gabriel
AU  - Weeks, Colleen
T1  - Fast Optical Ray Tracing Using Multiple DSPs.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2006/06//
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 801
EP  - 808
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Optical ray tracing is a computationally intensive operation that is central both to the design of optical systems and to analyzing their performance once built. The authors have previously reported on the use of parallel digital signal processors (DSPs) to reduce the time required to perform ray tracing in analyzing the performance of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), which is presently in orbit on multiple spacecraft. The earlier work was incomplete, providing only a conservative estimate of the performance improvement that could be achieved with one to four DSPs. This paper reports on the completed project and extends the earlier work to eight DSPs. As predicted in the earlier paper, not all rays make it through the entire optical system. Many are lost along the way. This is one factor that led to reduced processing time. Another is the use of an optimizing compiler. In this paper, the authors present results showing the separate effect of each of these two independent factors on the overall processing time. The most significant finding is the extraordinarily linear relationship between the number of DSPs available and the speed of the ray tracing. By using eight DSPs, the processing time is reduced from two weeks to less than one and a half days, an improvement of nearly a whole order of magnitude. Low-cost high-speed ray tracing is now feasible using off-the-shelf plug-in processor boards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - PLUG-ins (Computer programs)
KW  - COMPILERS (Computer programs)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - OPTICAL detectors
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Orbits
N1  - Accession Number: 21030908; Source Information: Jun2006, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p801; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: PLUG-ins (Computer programs); Subject Term: COMPILERS (Computer programs); Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: OPTICAL detectors; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Orbits; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 1 Graph; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2006.873813
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Sulima, Oleg V.
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF SB-BASED PHOTOTRANSISTORS IN THE 0.9- TO 2.2-μM WAVELENGTH RANGE FOR APPLICATIONS TO LASER REMOTE SENSING.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 567
EP  - 582
SN  - 01291564
AB  - We have investigated commercially available photodiodes and also recent developed Sb-based phototransistors in order to compare their performances for applications to laser remote sensing. A custom-designed phototransistor in the 0.9- to 2.2-μm wavelength range has been developed at AstroPower and characterized at NASA Langley's Detector Characterization Laboratory. The phototransistor's performance greatly exceeds the previously reported results at this wavelength range in the literature. The detector testing included spectral response, dark current and noise measurements. Spectral response measurements were carried out to determine the responsivity at 2-μm wavelength at different bias voltages with fixed temperature; and different temperatures with fixed bias voltage. Current versus voltage characteristics were also recorded at different temperatures. Results show high responsivity of 2650 A/W corresponding to an internal gain of three orders of magnitude, and high detectivity (D*) of 3.9×1011 cm.Hz½/W that is equivalent to a noise-equivalent-power of 4.6×10-14 W/Hz½ (-4.0 V @ -20 °C) with a light collecting area diameter of 200-μm. It appears that this recently developed 2-μm phototransistor's performances such as responsivity, detectivity, and gain are improved significantly as compared to the previously published APD and SAM APD using similar materials. These detectors are considered as phototransistors based-on their structures and performance characteristics and may have great potential for high sensitivity differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor at 2.05-μm and 1.9-μm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTODIODES
KW  - AVALANCHE photodiodes
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR junctions
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - avalanche photodiode
KW  - dark current
KW  - detectivity
KW  - noise-equivalent-power
KW  - Photodiode
KW  - phototransistor
KW  - responsivity
KW  - Sb-based detector
N1  - Accession Number: 22214101; Abedin, M. Nurul 1; Refaat, Tamer F. 2; Sulima, Oleg V. 3; Singh, Upendra N. 4; Affiliations: 1: Passive Sensor Systems Branch NASA Langley Research Center MS 468. SN. Dryden Street Hampton, VA 23681; 2: Science & Technology Corporation NASA Langley Research Center MS 468, 5 N. Dryden Street Hampton, VA 23681; 3: Department of Electrical Engineering University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716; 4: Systems Engineering Directorate NASA Langley Research Center MS 454, 5 N. Dryden Street Hampton, VA 23681; Issue Info: Jun2006, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p567; Subject Term: PHOTODIODES; Subject Term: AVALANCHE photodiodes; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR junctions; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: avalanche photodiode; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark current; Author-Supplied Keyword: detectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: noise-equivalent-power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photodiode; Author-Supplied Keyword: phototransistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: responsivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sb-based detector; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, Travis L.
AU  - Buehrle, Ralph D.
AU  - Cano, Roberto J.
AU  - Fleming, Gary A.
T1  - Modeling, Fabrication, and Testing of a SMA Hybrid Composite Jet Engine Chevron Concept.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 483
EP  - 497
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - This study presents a fabrication method, bench top test results, and numerical model validation for a novel adaptive jet engine chevron concept based upon embedding shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators in a composite laminate, termed a SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC). The approach for fabricating the adaptive SMAHC chevrons involves embedding prestrained Nitinol actuators on one side of the mid-plane of the composite laminate such that thermal excitation generates a thermal moment and deflects the structure. A rigorous and versatile test system for control and measurement of the chevron deflection performance is described. A recently commercialized constitutive model for SMA and SMAHC materials is used in the finite element code ABAQUS to perform nonlinear static analysis of the chevron specimens. Excellent agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured chevron deflection performance, thereby validating the numerical model and enabling detailed design of chevron prototype(s) and similar structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - JET engines
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - adaptive chevrons
KW  - deflection control
KW  - embedded actuators
KW  - jet engine chevrons
KW  - jet noise control
KW  - Nitinol
KW  - shape control
KW  - shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 21127640; Turner, Travis L. 1; Email Address: t.l.turner@nasa.gov; Buehrle, Ralph D. 1; Cano, Roberto J. 2; Fleming, Gary A. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: Jun2006, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p483; Thesaurus Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: SMART materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive chevrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: deflection control; Author-Supplied Keyword: embedded actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: jet engine chevrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: jet noise control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitinol; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape control; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 18 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X06058795
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eglinton, Lorraine B.
AU  - Lim, Darlene
AU  - Slater, Greg
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Whelan, Jean K.
AU  - Douglas, Marianne
T1  - Organic geochemical characterization of a Miocene core sample from Haughton impact structure, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canadian High Arctic
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 37
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 688
EP  - 710
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Abstract: Extremely well preserved sedimentary deposits in the Haughton impact structure (HIS) provide a unique record of the post-impact Miocene lacustrine depositional environment. Detailed organic geochemical characterization of a hydrocarbon-impregnated band found in a core from the crater-lake sedimentary infill reveals a complex source history for the hydrocarbons. These include contributions from eroded pre- and post-impact formations together with inputs from contemporaneous flora and fauna, a deep, possibly lower Paleozoic petroleum as well as a contribution from hydrothermally altered organic biopolymers. Geochemical data coupled with paleolimnology and geology proves to be a valuable tool for studying the provenance of hydrocarbons associated with the HIS and can give insights, not only into the post-impact geology, but also into processes that may contribute to the generation of petroleum fluids at other impact sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Stratigraphic geology -- Miocene
N1  - Accession Number: 20962773; Eglinton, Lorraine B. 1; Email Address: leglinton@whoi.edu; Lim, Darlene 2; Slater, Greg 3; Osinski, Gordon R. 4; Whelan, Jean K. 1; Douglas, Marianne 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Building 245, Mail-Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 3: School of Geography and Geology, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8S 4K1; 4: Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Route de l’Aeroport, Saint-Hubert, Que., Canada J3Y 8Y9; 5: Department of Geology, 22 Russell Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3B1; Issue Info: Jun2006, Vol. 37 Issue 6, p688; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Subject Term: Stratigraphic geology -- Miocene; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jedlovec, Gary J.
AU  - Nair, Udaysankar
AU  - Haines, Stephanie L.
T1  - Detection of Storm Damage Tracks with EOS Data.
JO  - Weather & Forecasting
JF  - Weather & Forecasting
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 267
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08828156
AB  - The damage surveys conducted by the NWS in the aftermath of a reported tornadic event are used to document the location of the tornado ground damage track (pathlength and width) and an estimation of the tornado intensity. This study explores the possibility of using near-real-time medium and high spatial resolution satellite imagery from the NASA Earth Observing System satellites to provide additional information for the surveys. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data were used to study the damage tracks from three tornadic storms: the La Plata, Maryland, storm of 28 April 2002 and the Ellsinore and Marquand, Missouri, storms of 24 April 2002. These storms varied in intensity and occurred over regions with significantly different land cover. It was found that, depending on the nature of the land cover, tornado damage tracks from intense storms (F1 or greater) and hail storms may be evident in ASTER, Landsat, and MODIS satellite imagery. In areas where the land cover is dominated by forests, the scar patterns can show up very clearly, while in areas of grassland and regions with few trees, scar patterns are not as obvious or cannot be seen at all in the satellite imagery. The detection of previously unidentified segments of a damage track caused by the 24 April 2002 Marquand, Missouri, tornado demonstrates the utility of satellite imagery for damage surveys. However, the capability to detect tornado tracks in satellite imagery depends on the ability to observe the ground without obstruction from space and appears to be as much dependent on the nature of the underlying surface and land cover as on the severity of the tornadic storm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Weather & Forecasting is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Storms
KW  - Tornadoes
KW  - Hailstorms
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Remote-sensing images
N1  - Accession Number: 21435974; Jedlovec, Gary J. 1; Email Address: gary.jedlovec@nasa.gov; Nair, Udaysankar 2; Haines, Stephanie L. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; 2: Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama; Issue Info: Jun2006, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p249; Thesaurus Term: Storms; Thesaurus Term: Tornadoes; Thesaurus Term: Hailstorms; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 12 Color Photographs, 3 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AU  - Abe, M.
AU  - Takagi, V.
AU  - Kitazato, K.
AU  - Abe, S.
AU  - Hiroi, T.
AU  - Vilas, F.
AU  - Clark, B. E.
AU  - Abell, P. A.
AU  - Lederer, S. M.
AU  - Jarvis, K. S.
AU  - Nimura, T.
AU  - Ueda, Y.
AU  - Fujiwara, A.
T1  - Near-Infrared Spectral Results of Asteroid Itokawa from the Hayabusa Spacecraft.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/06/02/
VL  - 312
IS  - 5778
M3  - Report
SP  - 1334
EP  - 1338
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The near-infrared spectrometer on board the Japanese Hayabusa spacecraft found a variation of more than 10% in albedo and absorption band depth in the surface reflectance of asteroid 25143 Itokawa. Spectral shape over the 1-micrometer absorption band indicates that the surface of this body has an olivine-rich mineral assemblage potentially similar to that of LL5 or LL6 chondrites. Diversity in the physical condition of Itokawa's surface appears to be larger than for other S-type asteroids previously explored by spacecraft, such as 433 Eros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Near-earth asteroids
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Reflectance spectroscopy
KW  - Olivine
KW  - Rock-forming minerals
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Solar system
N1  - Accession Number: 21178563; Abe, M. 1; Takagi, V. 2; Kitazato, K. 1,3; Abe, S. 4; Hiroi, T. 5; Vilas, F. 6; Clark, B. E. 7; Abell, P. A. 8; Lederer, S. M. 9; Jarvis, K. S. 8,10; Nimura, T. 1,3; Ueda, Y. 3; Fujiwara, A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan.; 2: Toho Gakuen University, 3-11 Heiwagaoka, Meito, Nagoya, Aichi 465-8515, Japan.; 3: University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.; 4: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.; 5: Department of Geological Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.; 6: MMT Observatory, Post Office Box 210065, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.; 7: Department of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.; 8: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; 9: Department of Physics, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.; 10: ESC Group/Hamilton Sundstrand, 2224 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; Issue Info: 6/2/2006, Vol. 312 Issue 5778, p1334; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Near-earth asteroids; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Reflectance spectroscopy; Subject Term: Olivine; Subject Term: Rock-forming minerals; Subject Term: Asteroids; Subject Term: Solar system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Report
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Wall, S.
AU  - Janssen, M.
AU  - Stofan, E.
AU  - Lopes, R.
AU  - Kirk, R.
AU  - Lorenz, R.
AU  - Lunine, J.
AU  - Paganelli, F.
AU  - Soderblom, L.
AU  - Wood, C.
AU  - Wye, L.
AU  - Zebker, H.
AU  - Anderson, Y.
AU  - Ostro, S.
AU  - Allison, M.
AU  - Boehmer, R.
AU  - Callahan, P.
AU  - Encrenaz, P.
AU  - Flamini, E.
T1  - Titan Radar Mapper observations from Cassini's T3 fly-by.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/06/08/
VL  - 441
IS  - 7094
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 713
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper imaged the surface of Saturn's moon Titan on its February 2005 fly-by (denoted T3), collecting high-resolution synthetic-aperture radar and larger-scale radiometry and scatterometry data. These data provide the first definitive identification of impact craters on the surface of Titan, networks of fluvial channels and surficial dark streaks that may be longitudinal dunes. Here we describe this great diversity of landforms. We conclude that much of the surface thus far imaged by radar of the haze-shrouded Titan is very young, with persistent geologic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Radar
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Lunar craters
KW  - Landforms
N1  - Accession Number: 21091230; Elachi, C. 1; Wall, S. 1; Email Address: steve.wall@jpl.nasa.gov; Janssen, M. 1; Stofan, E. 2; Lopes, R. 1; Kirk, R. 3; Lorenz, R. 4; Lunine, J. 4,5; Paganelli, F. 1; Soderblom, L. 3; Wood, C. 6; Wye, L. 7; Zebker, H. 7; Anderson, Y. 1; Ostro, S. 1; Allison, M. 8; Boehmer, R. 1; Callahan, P. 1; Encrenaz, P. 9; Flamini, E. 10; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 2: Proxemy Research, Bowie, Maryland 20715, USA; 3: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; 4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; 5: IFSI-INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; 6: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA; 7: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; 8: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration New York, New York 10025, USA; 9: Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France; 10: Alenia Aerospazio, 00131 Rome, Italy; Issue Info: 6/8/2006, Vol. 441 Issue 7094, p709; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Radar; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Lunar craters; Subject Term: Landforms; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature04786
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Rey, Daniel
AU  - Mohamed, Kais
AU  - Rubio, Belén
AU  - Guerra, Ana P.
T1  - Mapping the Sources of Urban Dust in a Coastal Environment by Measuring Magnetic Parameters of Platanus hispanica Leaves.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/06/15/
VL  - 40
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3922
EP  - 3928
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Tree leaves accumulate atmospheric particles on their surface, and a fraction of these particles exhibits magnetic properties that can be used to determine the spatial distribution of atmospheric dust in an urban area. This observation is exploited here to map sources of atmospheric pollutants in the coastal city of Vigo. The magnetic carriers on the leaves were iron oxide spherules (5–10 μm) and larger iron-bearing particles (typically 10–50 μm). The maximum values of magnetic remanence were very restricted in space and could be directly related to nearby polluting activities, such as road and railway traffic and shipyard and harbor activities; hence, our data represent main sources of urban dust in the city and not sinks. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu on the leaves showed a strong positive inter-correlation and also with the magnetic remanence of the leaves, suggesting common sources for these heavy metals and for the magnetic carriers. Mn and Cr did not show any significant correlation and their presence was linked to natural accumulations as micronutrients by the trees. The iron spherules and the heavy metal species identified here coincide with materials commonly found in sediments of the adjacent Ria de Vigo. The identification of the main sources of urban dust and heavy metals in the industrial and urban areas can, therefore, help in controlling these emissions to the Ria de Vigo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Leaves
KW  - Magnetic properties
KW  - Magnetic induction
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Iron oxides
KW  - Dust
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Heavy metals
KW  - Environmental research
KW  - Vigo (Spain)
KW  - Spain
N1  - Accession Number: 21393610; Davila, Alfonso F. 1,2; Rey, Daniel 1; Mohamed, Kais 1; Rubio, Belén 1; Guerra, Ana P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Departamento de Geociencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain; 2: NASA Ames Research Center MS., 245-3, Moffet Field, California; Issue Info: 6/15/2006, Vol. 40 Issue 12, p3922; Thesaurus Term: Leaves; Thesaurus Term: Magnetic properties; Thesaurus Term: Magnetic induction; Thesaurus Term: Pollutants; Thesaurus Term: Iron oxides; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Heavy metals; Thesaurus Term: Environmental research; Subject: Vigo (Spain); Subject: Spain; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
T1  - Hydrocarbon emissions from a modern commercial airliner
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2006/06/21/
VL  - 40
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 3601
EP  - 3612
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: We report selected carbon species emission indices (EIs) for a Rolls Royce RB211-535-E4 turbofan engine that were acquired during the NASA EXperiment to Characterize Aircraft Volatile Aerosol and Trace-species Emissions (EXCAVATE). Conducted during winter 2002, the mission focused upon characterizing the exhaust constituents of the NASA Boeing 757 aircraft during ground-based operation. Carbon species concentrations were determined by chromatographic analyses of whole air samples collected 10m behind the engine exit plane as engine power was varied from ground idle to about 60% of maximum rated thrust. Ambient air samples were also collected and analyzed to facilitate correction of calculated EIs for background concentrations. Results are consistent with previous observations and indicate that, on a relative basis, turbine engines emit considerable amounts of light hydrocarbon species at idle, but significantly lesser amounts at higher engine powers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Chromatographic analysis
KW  - Boeing airplanes
KW  - Aircraft emission
KW  - Hydrocarbon emission indices
KW  - Turbine engine
N1  - Accession Number: 20969605; Anderson, Bruce E. 1; Email Address: Bruce.E.Anderson@nasa.gov; Chen, Gao 1; Blake, Donald R. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23662, USA; 2: University of California at Irvine, Irvine CA, USA; Issue Info: Jun2006, Vol. 40 Issue 19, p3601; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Chromatographic analysis; Subject Term: Boeing airplanes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbon emission indices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine engine; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.072
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burns, Joseph A.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
T1  - Our Local Astrophysical Laboratory.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/06/23/
VL  - 312
IS  - 5781
M3  - Article
SP  - 1753
EP  - 1755
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article offers information about the orbiting bodies within the rings of planet Saturn as observed by the Cassini spacecraft. Small objects that tend to orbit a dominant central mass comprise the rings and protoplanetary disks of Saturn. There are also the existence of resonances that prevent the phenomenon on the crowding of orbiting bodies which would collide with one another upon lose of energy while keeping up the angular momentum and would result to flatten the systems to thin disks. There are also indications of gaps along the most dominant clearings of the planet's rings that contain the embedded moons. The observations emphasize that the Saturn system is changing over time.
KW  - Outer planets
KW  - Space flight to Saturn
KW  - Saturn probes
KW  - Protoplanetary disks
KW  - Angular momentum (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Astrophysics
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Natural satellites
KW  - Collisions (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 21507258; Burns, Joseph A. 1; Email Address: Jab16@cornell.edu; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 2; Affiliations: 1: Departments of Astronomy and Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 6/23/2006, Vol. 312 Issue 5781, p1753; Subject Term: Outer planets; Subject Term: Space flight to Saturn; Subject Term: Saturn probes; Subject Term: Protoplanetary disks; Subject Term: Angular momentum (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Astrophysics; Subject Term: Orbits; Subject Term: Natural satellites; Subject Term: Collisions (Nuclear physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swartz, W. H.
AU  - Yee, J.-H.
AU  - Randall, C. E.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
AU  - Browell, E. V.
AU  - Burris, J. F.
AU  - McGee, T. J.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
T1  - Comparison of high-latitude line-of-sight ozone column density with derived ozone fields and the effects of horizontal inhomogeneity.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 6
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1843
EP  - 1852
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Extensive ozone measurements were made during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II). We compare high-latitude line-of-sight (LOS) slant column ozone measurements from the NASA DC-8 to ozone simulated by forward integration of measurement-derived ozone fields constructed both with and without the assumption of horizontal homogeneity. The average bias and rms error of the simulations assuming homogeneity are relatively small (-6 and 10%, respectively) in comparison to the LOS measurements. The comparison improves significantly (-2% bias; 8% rms error) using forward integrations of three-dimensional proxy ozone fields reconstructed from potential vorticity--O3 correlations. The comparisons provide additional verification of the proxy fields and quantify the influence of large-scale ozone inhomogeneity. The spatial inhomogeneity of the atmosphere is a source of error in the retrieval of trace gas vertical profiles and column abundance from LOS measurements, as well as a complicating factor in intercomparisons that include LOS measurements at large solar zenith angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Gases
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 21534573; Swartz, W. H. 1; Email Address: bill.swartz@jhuapl.edu; Yee, J.-H. 1; Randall, C. E. 2; Shetter, R. E. 3; Browell, E. V. 4; Burris, J. F. 5; McGee, T. J. 5; Avery, M. A. 4; Affiliations: 1: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 7, p1843; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Gases; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Oxygen; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dils, B.
AU  - De Mazière, M.
AU  - Müller, J. F.
AU  - Blumenstock, T.
AU  - Buchwitz, M.
AU  - De Beek, R.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Duchatelet, P.
AU  - Fast, H.
AU  - Frankenberg, C.
AU  - Gloudemans, A.
AU  - Griffith, D.
AU  - Jones, N.
AU  - Kerzenmacher, T.
AU  - Kramer, I.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Mellqvist, J.
AU  - Mittermeier, R. L.
AU  - Notholt, J.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
T1  - Comparisons between SCIAMACHY and ground-based FTIR data for total columns of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 6
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1953
EP  - 1976
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Total column amounts of CO, CH4, CO2 and N2O retrieved from SCIAMACHY nadir observations in its near-infrared channels have been compared to data from a ground-based quasi-global network of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. The SCIAMACHY data considered here have been produced by three different retrieval algorithms, WFM-DOAS (version 0.5 for CO and CH4 and version 0.4 for CH2 and N2O), IMAP-DOAS (version 1.1 and 0.9 (for CO)) and IMLM (version 6.3) and cover the January to December 2003 time period. Comparisons have been made for individual data, as well as for monthly averages. To maximize the number of reliable coincidences that satisfy the temporal and spatial collocation criteria, the SCIAMACHY data have been compared with a temporal 3rd order polynomial interpolation of the ground-based data. Particular attention has been given to the question whether SCIAMACHY observes correctly the seasonal and latitudinal variability of the target species. The present results indicate that the individual SCIAMACHY data obtained with the actual versions of the algorithms have been significantly improved, but that the quality requirements, for estimating emissions on regional scales, are not yet met. Nevertheless, possible directions for further algorithm upgrades have been identified which should result in more reliable data products in a near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Spectrometers
N1  - Accession Number: 21534582; Dils, B. 1; Email Address: bart.dils@oma.be; De Mazière, M. 1; Müller, J. F. 1; Blumenstock, T. 2; Buchwitz, M. 3; De Beek, R. 3; Demoulin, P. 4; Duchatelet, P. 4; Fast, H. 5; Frankenberg, C. 6; Gloudemans, A. 7; Griffith, D. 8; Jones, N. 8; Kerzenmacher, T. 9; Kramer, I. 2; Mahieu, E. 4; Mellqvist, J. 10; Mittermeier, R. L. 5; Notholt, J. 3; Rinsland, C. P. 11; Affiliations: 1: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium; 2: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe and University Karlsruhe, IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe, Germany; 3: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, FB1, Germany; 4: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Liège, Belgium; 5: Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 6: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 7: Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Utrecht, The Netherlands; 8: University of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; 9: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 10: Chalmers University of Technology, Radio & Space Science, Göteborg, Sweden; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 7, p1953; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Subject Term: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Spectrometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rein, Guillermo
AU  - Lautenberger, Chris
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos
AU  - Torero, Jose L.
AU  - Urban, David L.
T1  - Application of genetic algorithms and thermogravimetry to determine the kinetics of polyurethane foam in smoldering combustion
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 146
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 108
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: In this work, the kinetic parameters governing the thermal and oxidative degradation of flexible polyurethane foam are determined using thermogravimetric data and a genetic algorithm. These kinetic parameters are needed in the theoretical modeling of the foam''s smoldering behavior. Experimental thermogravimetric mass-loss data are used to explore the kinetics of polyurethane foam and to propose a mechanism consisting of five reactions. A lumped model of solid mass loss based on Arrhenius-type reaction rates and the five-step mechanism is developed to predict the polyurethane thermal degradation. The predictions are compared to the thermogravimetric measurements, and using a genetic algorithm, the method finds the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters that provide the best agreement between the lumped model and the experiments. To date, no study has attempted to describe both forward and opposed smolder-propagation with the same kinetic mechanism. Thus, in order to verify that the polyurethane kinetics determined from thermogravimetric experiments can be used to describe the reactions involved in polyurethane smoldering combustion, the five-step mechanism and its kinetic parameters are incorporated into a simple species model of smoldering combustion. It is shown that the species model agrees with experimental observations and that it captures phenomenologically the spatial distribution of the different species and the reactions in the vicinity of the front, for both forward and opposed propagation. The results indicate that the kinetic scheme proposed here is the first one to describe smoldering combustion of polyurethane in both propagation modes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fire
KW  - Combinatorial optimization
KW  - Genetic programming (Computer science)
KW  - Thermal analysis
KW  - Genetic algorithms
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Polyurethane foam
KW  - Smoldering combustion
KW  - Thermogravimetry
N1  - Accession Number: 21340683; Rein, Guillermo 1; Lautenberger, Chris 1; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos 1; Email Address: ferpello@me.berkeley.edu; Torero, Jose L. 2; Urban, David L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: University of Edinburgh, UK; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 146 Issue 1/2, p95; Subject Term: Fire; Subject Term: Combinatorial optimization; Subject Term: Genetic programming (Computer science); Subject Term: Thermal analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetic algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyurethane foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smoldering combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermogravimetry; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.04.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Field, Chuck
AU  - Edwards, Glenn
AU  - Altman, Joel
T1  - The Kal-Tech Project (part 2).
JO  - ECN: Electronic Component News
JF  - ECN: Electronic Component News
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 50
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 62
PB  - Advantage Business Media
SN  - 15233081
AB  - The article presents letters submitted to the periodical to determine what is the use of the odd assortment of electronic components the father of the author ordered. It includes a 4-inch magnifier and the aluminum 10X eye loupe. The product may also be dismantled and evaluated for its uses in a project.
KW  - ELECTRONICS -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - MAGNIFYING glasses
KW  - LENSES
KW  - LETTERS
N1  - Accession Number: 21558138; Field, Chuck 1; Edwards, Glenn 2; Altman, Joel 3; Affiliations: 1: Senior Manufacturing Engineer, Verifone, Inc.; 2: Chief Engineer, KMID-TV; 3: NASA; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 50 Issue 8, p62; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: MAGNIFYING glasses; Subject Term: LENSES; Subject Term: LETTERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Straume, T.
AU  - Anspaugh, L. R.
AU  - Marchetti, A. A.
AU  - Voigt, G.
AU  - Minenko, V.
AU  - Gu, F.
AU  - Men, P.
AU  - Trofimik, S.
AU  - Tretyakevich, S.
AU  - Drozdovitch, V.
AU  - Shagalova, E.
AU  - Zhukova, O.
AU  - Germenchuk, M.
AU  - Berlovich, S.
T1  - MEASUREMENT OF 129I AND 137Cs IN SOILS FROM BELARUS AND RECONSTRUCTION OF 131I DEPOSITION FROM THE CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT.
JO  - Health Physics
JF  - Health Physics
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 91
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 19
SN  - 00179078
AB  - The article discusses the study that measures the (1,2,9)I and (1,3,7)C in a large number of soil samples collected from Belarus to support efforts for thyroid-dose reconstruction following the Chernobyl Accident. These samples were measued by accelerator mass spectrometry for (1,2,9)I, gamma spectrometry for (1,3,7)C . The results indicate that both (1,2,9)I and (1,3,7)C are retained firmly on the top ∼ 15 to 20 cm of the soil. It also mentioned the low total iodine concentrations in topsoil from Belarus compared with other regions of the world where radiogenic thyroid cancer has been contemplated.
KW  - Research
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Thyroid cancer
KW  - Gamma ray spectrometry
KW  - Belarus
KW  - 129I
KW  - accidents; power reactor
KW  - Chernobyl
KW  - soil
N1  - Accession Number: 21306028; Straume, T. 1,2; Email Address: tstraume@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Anspaugh, L. R. 1; Marchetti, A. A. 3; Voigt, G. 4; Minenko, V. 5; Gu, F. 1; Men, P. 1; Trofimik, S. 5; Tretyakevich, S. 5; Drozdovitch, V. 6; Shagalova, E. 7; Zhukova, O. 7; Germenchuk, M. 7; Berlovich, S. 7; Affiliations: 1: University of Utah, 729 Arapeen Drive, Suite 2334, Salt Lake City, UT 84108; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035; 3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550; 4: International Atomic Energy Agency, Agency's Laboratories Seibersdorf, 1400 Vienna, Austria; 5: Research and Clinical Institute of Radiation Medicine and Endocrinology, Minsk, Belarus; 6: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, 69008 Lyon, France; 7: Republican Center of the Radiation Control and Monitoring of Natural Environment, Minsk, Belarus; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 91 Issue 1, p7; Thesaurus Term: Research; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Thyroid cancer; Subject Term: Gamma ray spectrometry; Subject: Belarus; Author-Supplied Keyword: 129I; Author-Supplied Keyword: accidents; power reactor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chernobyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forsberg, Andrew
AU  - Haley, Graff
AU  - Bragdon, Andrew
AU  - Levy, Joseph
AU  - Fassett, Caleb I.
AU  - Shean, David
AU  - Head III, James W.
AU  - Milkovich, sarah
AU  - Duchaineau, Mark A.
T1  - Adviser: Immersive Field Work for Planetary Geoscientists.
JO  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
JF  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
J1  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
PY  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 54
SN  - 02721716
AB  - The article cites a study which has been aimed at enhancing the ability of planetary geologists to conduct effective research on remote environments like Antarctica and Mars. The researchers developed the Adviser prototype system which operates in a four-wall Cave using the model-view-controller design pattern for organizing data, interactions, and visualizations. The system contains camera data, simulated information, topography, and user annotation layers. The researchers presented five cases that illustrate Adviser's applications and observed benefits. They account that their prototype has been appreciated by geologists because it developed their understanding on three-dimensional terrains and enhanced their spatial judgments.
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - INFORMATION visualization
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - GEOGRAPHICAL perception
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - PROTOTYPES
N1  - Accession Number: 21566979; Source Information: Jul/Aug2006, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p46; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: INFORMATION visualization; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHICAL perception; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: SPACE perception; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 10 Black and White Photographs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wenze Yang
AU  - Dong Huang
AU  - Bin Tan
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne C.
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Analysis of Leaf Area Index and Fraction of PAR Absorbed by Vegetation Products From the Terra MODIS Sensor: 2000-2005.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul2006 Part 1
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1829
EP  - 1842
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The analysis of two years of Collection 3 and five years of Collection 4 Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) data sets is presented in this article with the goal of understanding product quality with respect to version (Collection 3 versus 4), algorithm (main versus backup), snow (snow-free versus snow on the ground), and cloud (cloud-free versus cloudy) conditions. Retrievals from the main radiative transfer algorithm increased from 55% in Collection 3 to 67% in Collection 4 due to algorithm refinements and improved inputs. Anomalously high LAI/FPAR values observed in Collection 3 product in some vegetation types were corrected in Collection 4. The problem of reflectance saturation and too few main algorithm retrievals in broadleaf forests persisted in Collection 4. The spurious seasonality in needleleaf LAI/FPAR fields was traced to fewer reliable input data and retrievals during the boreal winter period. About 97% of the snow covered pixels were processed by the backup Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-based algorithm. Similarly, a majority of retrievals under cloudy conditions were obtained from the backup algorithm. For these reasons, the users are advised to consult the quality flags accompanying the LAI and FPAR product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - VEGETATION mapping
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation
KW  - Leaf Area Index (LAI)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
N1  - Accession Number: 21579450; Wenze Yang 1; Email Address: ywze@crsa.bu.edu; Dong Huang 1; Bin Tan 1; Stroeve, Julienne C. 2; Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA; 2: National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Issue Info: Jul2006 Part 1, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1829; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: VEGETATION mapping; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaluation and assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf Area Index (LAI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.871214
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wenze Yang
AU  - Bin Tan
AU  - Dong Huang
AU  - Rautiainen, Miina
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Privette, Jeffrey L.
AU  - Huemmrich, Karl Fred
AU  - Fensholt, Rasmus
AU  - Sandholt, Inge
AU  - Weiss, M.
AU  - Ahl, Douglas E.
AU  - Gower, Stith T.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - MODIS Leaf Area Index Products: From Validation to Algorithm Improvement.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul2006 Part 1
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1885
EP  - 1898
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Global products of vegetation green Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) are being operationally produced from Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) at l-km resolution and eight-day frequency. This paper summarizes the experience of several collaborating investigators on validation of MODIS LAI products and demonstrates the close connection between product validation and algorithm refinement activities. The validation of moderate resolution LAI products includes three steps: 1) field sampling representative of LAI spatial distribution and dynamic range within each major land cover type at the validation site; 2) development of a transfer function between field LAI measurements and high resolution satellite data to generate a reference LAI map over an extended area; and 3) comparison of MODIS LAI with aggregated reference LAI map at patch (multipixel) scale in view of geo-location and pixel shift uncertainties. The MODIS LAI validation experiences, summarized here, suggest three key factors that influence the accuracy of LAI retrievals: I) uncertainties in input land cover data, 2) uncertainties in input surface reflectances, and 3) uncertainties from the model used to build the look-up tables accompanying the algorithm. This strategy of validation efforts guiding algorithm refinements has led to progressively more accurate LAI products from the MODIS sensors aboard NASA's Terra and Aqua platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - MODEL validation
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - TRANSFER functions (Mathematics)
KW  - Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation
KW  - Leaf Area Index (LAI)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 21579455; Wenze Yang 1; Email Address: ywze@crsa.bu.edu; Bin Tan 1; Dong Huang 1; Rautiainen, Miina 2; Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1; Wang, Y. 3; Privette, Jeffrey L. 4; Huemmrich, Karl Fred 3; Fensholt, Rasmus 5; Sandholt, Inge 5; Weiss, M. 6; Ahl, Douglas E. 7; Gower, Stith T. 7; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 8; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA; 2: Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Fl-00014, Finland; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD 20771 USA; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 5: Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen, &3x00F8;ster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Denmark; 6: INRA-CSE/NOVELTIS, Avignon 84014, France; 7: Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA; 8: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffeit Field, CA 94035 USA; Issue Info: Jul2006 Part 1, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1885; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: MODEL validation; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: TRANSFER functions (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf Area Index (LAI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.871215
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heinsch, Faith Ann
AU  - Maosheng Zhao
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Kimball, John S.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Davis, Kenneth J.
AU  - Bolstad, Paul V.
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - Desai, Ankur R.
AU  - Ricciuto, Daniel M.
AU  - Law, Beverly E.
AU  - Oechel, Walter C.
AU  - Hyojung Kwon
AU  - Hongyan Luo
AU  - Wofsy, Steven C.
AU  - Dunn, Allison L.
AU  - Munger, J. William
AU  - Baldocchi, Dennis D.
AU  - Liukang Xu
AU  - Hollinger, David Y.
T1  - Evaluation of Remote Sensing Based Terrestrial Productivity From MODIS Using Regional Tower Eddy Flux Network Observations.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul2006 Part 1
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1908
EP  - 1925
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor has provided near real-time estimates of gross primary production (GPP) since March 2000. We compare four years (2000 to 2003) of satellite-based calculations of GPP with tower eddy COs flux-based estimates across diverse land cover types and climate regimes. We examine the potential error contributions from meteorology, leaf area index (LAI)/fPAR, and land cover. The error between annual GPP computed from NASA's Data Assimilation Office's (DAO) and tower-based meteorology is 28 %, indicating that NASA's DAO global meteorology plays an important role in the accuracy of the GPP algorithm. Approximately 62% of MOD15-based estimates of LAI were within the estimates based on field optical measurements, although remaining values overestimated site values. Land cover presented the fewest errors, with most errors within the forest classes, reducing potential error. Tower-based and MODIS estimates of annual GPP compare favorably for most biomes, although MODIS GPP overestimates tower-based calculations by 20%–30%. Seasonally, summer estimates of MODIS GPP are closest to tower data, and spring estimates are the worst, most likely the result of the relatively rapid onset of leaf-out. The results of this study indicate, however, that the current MODIS GPP algorithm shows reasonable spatial patterns and temporal variability across a diverse range of biomes and climate regimes. So, while continued efforts are needed to isolate particular problems in specific biomes, we are optimistic about the general quality of these data, and continuation of the MOD17 GPP product will likely provide a key component of global terrestrial ecosystem analysis, providing continuous weekly measurements of global vegetation production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AmeriFlux
KW  - CO2 eddy covariance flux [net ecosystem exchange (NEE)]
KW  - gross primary production (GPP)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Terra
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 21579457; Heinsch, Faith Ann 1; Email Address: faithann@ntsg.umt.edu; Maosheng Zhao 1; Running, Steven W. 1; Kimball, John S. 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 1,2; Davis, Kenneth J. 3; Bolstad, Paul V. 4; Cook, Bruce D. 4; Desai, Ankur R. 3; Ricciuto, Daniel M. 3; Law, Beverly E. 5; Oechel, Walter C. 6; Hyojung Kwon 6,7; Hongyan Luo 6; Wofsy, Steven C. 8; Dunn, Allison L. 8; Munger, J. William 8; Baldocchi, Dennis D. 9; Liukang Xu 9,10; Hollinger, David Y. 11; Affiliations: 1: University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA; 2: NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; 3: Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16804 USA; 4: University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA; 5: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA; 6: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182 USA; 7: University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA; 8: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; 9: University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; 10: LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA; 11: USDA Forest Service Northeast Research Station, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Issue Info: Jul2006 Part 1, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1908; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AmeriFlux; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 eddy covariance flux [net ecosystem exchange (NEE)]; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary production (GPP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 9 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2005.853936
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhen Liu
AU  - Karam, Lina J.
AU  - Watson, Andrew B.
T1  - JPEG2000 Encoding With Perceptual Distortion Control.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1763
EP  - 1778
SN  - 10577149
AB  - In this paper, a new encoding approach is proposed to control the JPEG2000 encoding in order to reach a desired perceptual quality. The new method is based on a vision model that incorporates various masking effects of human visual perception and a perceptual distortion metric that takes spatial and spectral summation of individual quantization errors into account. Compared with the conventional rate-based distortion minimization JPEG2000 encoding, the new method provides a way to generate consistent quality images at a lower bit rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Image Processing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JPEG (Image coding standard)
KW  - ENCODING
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - IMAGING systems -- Image quality
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
KW  - SYMBOLISM
KW  - Distortion control
KW  - embedded coding
KW  - human visual system (HVS)
KW  - JPEG2000
KW  - perception
N1  - Accession Number: 25089687; Zhen Liu 1; Email Address: zhenl@qualcomm.com; Karam, Lina J. 2; Email Address: karam@asu.edu; Watson, Andrew B. 3; Email Address: abwatson@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Qualcomm, San Diego, CA 92121 USA; 2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p1763; Subject Term: JPEG (Image coding standard); Subject Term: ENCODING; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: IMAGING systems -- Image quality; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; Subject Term: SYMBOLISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distortion control; Author-Supplied Keyword: embedded coding; Author-Supplied Keyword: human visual system (HVS); Author-Supplied Keyword: JPEG2000; Author-Supplied Keyword: perception; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 10 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIP.2006.873460
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin R.
AU  - Chang, Mindy H.
AU  - Knuth, Kevin H.
T1  - Gesture-Based Control and EMG Decomposition.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
PY  - 2006/07//
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 514
SN  - 10946977
AB  - The article presents two probabilistic developments for the use with electromyograms (EMGs). Two experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of interface technology. A Bayesian algorithm is presented to separate surface EMGs into representative motor unit action potentials, and in order to better distinguish between different fine motor skill muscle groups. Results are presented on both synthetic and experimental EMG data.
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - COMPUTER input-output equipment
KW  - INTERFACE circuits
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMPUTER programming
N1  - Accession Number: 21556103; Source Information: Jul2006, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p503; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: COMPUTER input-output equipment; Subject Term: INTERFACE circuits; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2006.875418
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, Marie-Hélène
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Berger, Pascal
T1  - Microstructure, hydrogen distribution and electrical properties of melt grown high temperature protonic conductors
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1103
EP  - 1111
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: A High Temperature Protonic Conductor has been produced using the melt growth process with the aim of reducing the grain-boundary blocking effect in proton conduction. The microstructure is characteristic of a cellular growth with cell dimension of 10– in width and in length. The cells have distinct core and shell regions. A composition gradient in bivalent to pentavalent cation ratio is observed from the core to the shell. The cores act as channels for hydrogen diffusion. Nano-scaled domains have been revealed inside the cells identified as domains of 1:1 order of the cations on the B sites and orientation variants in the oxygen octahedra tilting. Ion Beam Analyses using a Nuclear Microprobe reveal only a slight hydrolysis of the surface after heat treatment of 10h at in wet air. Protonic conductivity is discussed and improvements are suggested by optimizing the calcium to niobium ratio of the constituent elements and designing larger cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Protons
KW  - Materials at high temperatures
KW  - Electric conductors
KW  - High temperatures
KW  - Cation ordering
KW  - Complex perovskite
KW  - Directional solidification
KW  - High temperature protonic conductors
KW  - Hydrogen distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 20646199; Berger, Marie-Hélène 1; Email Address: marie-helene.berger@ensmp.fr; Sayir, Ali 2; Email Address: ali.sayir@grc.nasa.gov; Berger, Pascal 3; Email Address: pascal.berger@cea.fr; Affiliations: 1: Centre des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Evry, France; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center/CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3: Laboratoire Pierre Sue, CEA-CNRS, Saclay, France; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 31 Issue 8, p1103; Subject Term: Protons; Subject Term: Materials at high temperatures; Subject Term: Electric conductors; Subject Term: High temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cation ordering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Complex perovskite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directional solidification; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature protonic conductors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen distribution; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chabalko, Christopher C.
AU  - Zhongfu Ge
AU  - Hajj, Muhammad R.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Analysis Tools for the Detection of Intermittent Nonlinear Aeroelastic Phenomena.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1082
EP  - 1088
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The nonlinear coupling between the aerodynamic load and structural motions in the experiments conducted in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center on a flexible semispan model (FSM) of a high-speed civil transport wing configuration is examined. The results show that, right before "hard" flutter took place, the aerodynamic load and the structural motion of the FSM were intermittently and quadratically coupled. Particularly, the shock motion, which can be caused by local and intermittent flow separation, is nonlinearly related to the structural motion in such a manner that one full cycle of the shock motion is related to two cycles of the acceleration of the wing tip. Because of the required averaging in implementing them, Fourier-based higher-order spectral moments could not characterize this coupling. On the other hand, the wavelet-based cross bicoherence is established as a tool that is capable of detecting intermittent or transient nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena as would be encountered in model studies or flight tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MOTION
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Flight testing
N1  - Accession Number: 22180438; Source Information: Jul/Aug2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p1082; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MOTION; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Flight testing; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 14 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, K. S.
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa
AU  - Hunter, Craig A.
T1  - Numerical Investigation of Flow in an Overexpanded Nozzle with Porous Surfaces.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1217
EP  - 1225
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A new porous condition has been implemented in the PAB3D solver to simulate flow over porous surfaces. The newly added boundary condition is utilized to compute the flow field of a nonaxisymmetric, convergent-divergent nozzle incorporating porous cavities for shock-boundary layer interaction control. The nozzle has an expansion ratio (exit area/throat area) of 1.797 and a design nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 8.78. The flow fields for a baseline nozzle (no porosity) and for a nozzle with porous surfaces (10% porosity ratio) are computed for NPR varying from 2.01 to 9.54. Computational model results indicate that the overexpanded nozzle flow is dominated by shock-induced boundary-layer separation. Porous configurations are capable of controlling off-design separation in the nozzle by encouraging stable separation of the exhaust flow. Computational simulation results, wall centerline pressure, Mach contours, and thrust efficiency ratio are presented and discussed. Computed results are in excellent agreement with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - POROSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 22180454; Source Information: Jul/Aug2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p1217; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 15 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Bragg, Michael B.
AU  - Addy Jr., Harold E.
T1  - Flowfield Measurements About an Airfoil with Leading-Edge Ice Shapes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1226
EP  - 1234
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Flowfield measurements were carried out on the upper surface of a GLC-305 airfoil configured with glaze and rime ice-shape simulations. The mean and root-mean-square fluctuation of the streamwise velocity were measured using a split-hot-film probe at several chordwise locations. These data were taken at three different angles of attack preceding stall for each iced-airfoil configuration at Reynolds numbers of 3.5 x 106 and 6.0 x 106 with Mach numbers of 0.12 and 0.21. The velocity measurements confirmed the presence of a large separation bubble downstream of the ice shapes. The separation bubbles for the glaze ice configuration were much larger than those for the rime ice case, resulting from the differences in the ice horn geometry. Other than the differences in size, the integral boundary-layer characteristics were very similar. Changes in Reynolds number did not significantly affect the separation bubble characteristics. However, a larger Mach number did result in a slightly larger separation bubble for the glaze ice case at α = 6 deg. The root-mean-square velocity distributions had peak values in the separated shear layer, downstream of transition, that compared well with previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPEED
KW  - MOTION
N1  - Accession Number: 22180455; Source Information: Jul/Aug2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p1226; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: MOTION; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merceret, Francis J.
T1  - Rapid Temporal Changes of Boundary Layer Winds.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1016
EP  - 1020
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - The statistical distribution of the magnitude of the vector wind change over 0.25-, 0.5-, 1-, and 2-h periods based on central Florida data from November 1999 through August 2001 is presented. The distributions of the 2-h u and υ wind-component changes are also presented for comparison. The wind changes at altitudes from 500 to 3000 m were measured using the Eastern Range network of five 915-MHz Doppler radar wind profilers. Quality-controlled profiles were produced every 15 min for up to 60 gates, each representing 101 m in altitude over the range from 130 to 6089 m. Five levels, each constituting three consecutive gates, were selected for analysis because of their significance to aerodynamic loads during the space-shuttle-ascent roll maneuver. The distribution of the magnitude of the vector wind change is found to be lognormal, consistent with earlier work in the midtroposphere. The parameters of the distribution vary with time lag, season, and altitude. The component wind changes are symmetrically distributed, with near-zero means, but the kurtosis coefficient is larger than that of a Gaussian distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Winds
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Altitudes
KW  - Lognormal distribution
KW  - Winds -- Measurement
KW  - Gaussian distribution
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Quantitative research
N1  - Accession Number: 21655950; Merceret, Francis J. 1; Email Address: francis.j.merceret@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p1016; Thesaurus Term: Winds; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Altitudes; Subject Term: Lognormal distribution; Subject Term: Winds -- Measurement; Subject Term: Gaussian distribution; Subject Term: Aerodynamics; Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Quantitative research; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wonsick, Margaret M.
AU  - Pinker, Rachel T.
AU  - Wen Meng
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
T1  - Evaluation of Surface Shortwave Flux Estimates from GOES: Sensitivity to Sensor Calibration.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 23
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 927
EP  - 935
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Parameters derived from satellite observations depend on the quality of the calibration method applied to the raw satellite radiance measurements. This study investigates the sensitivity of absolute reflectance, derived cloud cover, and estimated surface shortwave (SW) downward fluxes to two different calibration methods for the visible sensor aboard the eighth Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-8). The first method was developed at NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), and the second at the NASA Langley Research Center. Differences in visible reflectance ranged from -0.5% to 3%. The average difference in monthly mean cloud amount was ∼3%, and the average difference in monthly mean shortwave downward flux was 5 W m-2. Differences in bias and rms of the SW fluxes when evaluated against ground station measurements were less than 3 W m-2. Neither calibration method was shown to consistently outperform the other. This evaluation yields an estimate of the errors in fluxes that can be attributed to calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Spectral reflectance
KW  - Reflectance
KW  - Reflection (Optics)
KW  - Microwaves
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Physical measurements
KW  - Detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 21785786; Wonsick, Margaret M. 1; Email Address: mwonsick@atmos.umd.edu; Pinker, Rachel T. 1; Wen Meng 1; Nguyen, Louis 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 2: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 23 Issue 7, p927; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Spectral reflectance; Subject Term: Reflectance; Subject Term: Reflection (Optics); Subject Term: Microwaves; Subject Term: Calibration; Subject Term: Physical measurements; Subject Term: Detectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koch, Grady J.
T1  - Using a Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) system to characterize an atmospheric thermal providing lift for soaring raptors.
JO  - Journal of Field Ornithology
JF  - Journal of Field Ornithology
Y1  - 2006///Summer2006
VL  - 77
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 318
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 02738570
AB  - Raptors and other large birds in soaring flight take advantage of upward drafts of air called thermals to maintain altitude with minimal flapping. I used a Doppler light detection and ranging (lidar) system to characterize a thermal in which raptors were soaring. Doppler lidar allows imaging of wind fields to reveal the structure of updrafts and downdrafts in a thermal. The thermal I monitored was in the form of a horizontal convective roll created at a transition from clear sky to partly cloudy sky, and gave both lift and lateral motion to the soaring birds. The thermal was 700 m high with a vertical wind speed that peaked at 3 m/s, so raptors could have soared to and maintained that altitude as the horizontal wind moved the thermal. My results suggest that imaging wind fields with Doppler lidar can be a useful tool for studying thermals and how they are used by soaring birds. An effective combination for further study of bird flight interaction with wind phenomena would be to add lidar measurements to an established means of tracking bird flight by radio or GPS transmitters, aircraft tracking, or radar. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - SINOPSIS.  Rapaces al igual que otras aves de gran tamaño que planean, toman ventaja de corrientes termales que mueven aire hacia arriba, para mantenerse planeando en lo alto sin tener que batir mucho las alas. Se utilizó un sistema de radar Doppler (sistema lidar) para caracterizar las termales en las cuales planeaban rapaces. Este tipo de sistema Doppler, permite tomar imágenes de campos de viento para revelar la estructura de corrientes de aire hacia arriba o hacia abajo. Las termales que se monitorearon fueron en forma de rollos de convección horizontal. Las mismas creadas en la transición de un cielo despejado a uno parcialmente nublado, proveyeron elevación (lift) y movimiento lateral a las aves que planeaban. La termal se encontró a 700 m de altura con una velocidad del viento con un pico de 3 metros/segundo, de manera que las rapaces pudieran mantener dicha altura mientral los vientos horizontales movían la termal. Los resultados sugieren que las imagenes de radar de campos de vientos, pueden ser útiles para estudiar las termales y la forma en que estas son usadas por aves planeadoras. El añadir medidas de Doppler (tipo lidar) a las que se pueden tomar con aves a las cuales se les han colocado radiotransmisores, transmisores GPS, o monitoreo por avión o radar, pudiera ser una combinación efectiva, para estudios posteriores de interacciones de vuelos de aves con los patrones de viento. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Field Ornithology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Birds of prey
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Doppler radar
KW  - Doppler effect
KW  - Bird flight
KW  - Doppler lidar
KW  - imaging
KW  - light detection and ranging system
KW  - soaring
KW  - thermal
N1  - Accession Number: 22226912; Koch, Grady J. 1; Email Address: grady.j.koch@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Issue Info: Summer2006, Vol. 77 Issue 3, p315; Thesaurus Term: Birds of prey; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Doppler radar; Subject Term: Doppler effect; Subject Term: Bird flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Doppler lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: light detection and ranging system; Author-Supplied Keyword: soaring; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1557-9263.2006.00058.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer
T1  - Focusing on feature-based differences in map comparison.
JO  - Journal of Geographical Systems
JF  - Journal of Geographical Systems
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 143
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14355930
AB  - Differences between two maps can be quantified using any cartometric summary; of these, feature-based statistics are potentially more relevant than pixel-based statistics. Distributions of feature areas and shape indices from the workshop maps were compared using a classic information theory index. To place differences in a significance context, uncertainty about cartometrics that arise from both the form of data model and mapping function are considered. Data model characteristics such as raster cell size, raster origin and attribute membership functions can generate variation without the existence of feature differences in the actual surfaces. Stochastic simulation can represent uncertainty due to the mapping function. An understanding of the end-to-end map generation process, absent in the workshop example, can help build a description of its space of uncertainty so that cartometric quantities can be meaningfully compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Geographical Systems is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Maps
KW  - Cartometry
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Cartographic materials
KW  - Information theory
N1  - Accession Number: 20907812; Dungan, Jennifer 1; Email Address: Jennifer.L.Dungan@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: MS 242-4 NASA Ames Research Center , NASA , Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p131; Thesaurus Term: Maps; Subject Term: Cartometry; Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Cartographic materials; Subject Term: Information theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10109-006-0019-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Melis, Matthew E.
AU  - Pereira, Mike
AU  - Revilock, Duane
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
T1  - Columbia Accident Investigation and Return-to-Flight Effort.
JO  - Journal of the IEST
JF  - Journal of the IEST
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - Institute of Environmental Sciences & Technology
SN  - 10984321
AB  - The article reports on the findings of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) regarding the Space Shuttle Columbia accident in the U.S. The CAIB announced that the cause of the loss of Columbia and its crew was a breach in the left wing leading edge reinforced carbon-carbon thermal protection system. The breach was initiated by the impact of thermal insulating foam that had separated from the orbiter's external fuel tank. Also, this breach allowed superheated air to penetrate behind the leading edge and erode the aluminum structure of the left wing, which led to the breakup of the orbiter.
KW  - Thermal properties
KW  - Aircraft accidents -- Investigation
KW  - Space shuttles
KW  - Accident investigation
KW  - Aircraft accidents
KW  - Fuel tanks of rockets
KW  - Aeronautics
KW  - United States
KW  - Columbia accident
KW  - impact
KW  - impact analysis
KW  - testing
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 21816309; Melis, Matthew E. 1; Pereira, Mike 1; Revilock, Duane 1; Carney, Kelly S. 1; Email Address: Kelly.S.Carney@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Thermal properties; Subject Term: Aircraft accidents -- Investigation; Subject Term: Space shuttles; Subject Term: Accident investigation; Subject Term: Aircraft accidents; Subject Term: Fuel tanks of rockets; Subject Term: Aeronautics; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Columbia accident; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: testing ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haiping Su
AU  - Karna, Duane
AU  - Fraim, Eric
AU  - Fitzgerald, Michael
AU  - Dominguez, Rose
AU  - Myers, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Coffland, Bruce
AU  - Handley, Lawrence R.
AU  - Mace, Thomas
T1  - Evaluation of Eelgrass Beds Mapping Using a High-Resolution Airborne Multispectral Scanner.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 72
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 789
EP  - 797
SN  - 00991112
AB  - Eelgrass (Zostera marina) can provide vital ecological functions in stabilizing sediments, influencing current dynamics, and contributing significant amounts of biomass to numerous food webs in coastal ecosystems. Mapping eelgrass beds is important for coastal water and nearshore estuarine monitoring, management, and planning. This study demonstrated the possible use of high spatial (approximately 5 m) and temporal (maximum low tide) resolution airborne multispectral scanner on mapping eelgrass beds in Northern Puget Sound, Washington. A combination of supervised and unsupervised classification approaches were performed on the multispectral scanner imagery. A normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) derived from the red and near-infrared bands and ancillary spatial information, were used to extract and mask eelgrass beds and other submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the study area. We evaluated the resulting thematic map (geocoded, classified image) against a conventional aerial photograph interpretation using 260 point locations randomly stratified over five defined classes from the thematic map. We achieved an overall accuracy of 92 percent with 0.92 Kappa Coefficient in the study area. This study demonstrates that the airborne multispectral scanner can be useful for mapping eelgrass beds in a local or regional scale, especially in regions for which optical remote sensing from space is constrained by climatic and tidal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Zosteraceae
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Eelgrass
KW  - Cartography
KW  - Thematic maps
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Scanning systems
KW  - Aerial photographs
N1  - Accession Number: 21557239; Haiping Su 1; Email Address: hsu@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Karna, Duane; Fraim, Eric 1; Fitzgerald, Michael 1; Dominguez, Rose 1; Myers, Jeffrey S. 1; Coffland, Bruce 1; Handley, Lawrence R. 2; Mace, Thomas 3; Affiliations: 1: University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 240-6, Bldg 240, Room 219,Moffett Field, CA 94035; 2: USGS-National Wetlands Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA 70506; 3: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, P.O. Box 273, MS-2516, Edwards, CA 93523; Issue Info: Jul2006, Vol. 72 Issue 7, p789; Thesaurus Term: Zosteraceae; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Eelgrass; Subject Term: Cartography; Subject Term: Thematic maps; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Scanning systems; Subject Term: Aerial photographs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Georgiadis, Nicholas J.
AU  - DeBonis, James R.
T1  - Navier–Stokes analysis methods for turbulent jet flows with application to aircraft exhaust nozzles
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2006/07//
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 418
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: This article presents the current status of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods as applied to the simulation of turbulent jet flowfields issuing from aircraft engine exhaust nozzles. For many years, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methods have been used routinely to calculate such flows, including very complex nozzle configurations. RANS methods replace all turbulent fluid dynamic effects with a turbulence model. Such turbulence models have limitations for jets with significant three-dimensionality, compressibility, and high temperature streams. In contrast to the RANS approach, direct numerical simulation (DNS) methods calculate the entire turbulent energy spectrum by resolving all turbulent motion down to the Kolmogorov scale. Although this avoids the limitations associated with turbulence modeling, DNS methods will remain computationally impractical in the foreseeable future for all but the simplest configurations. Large-Eddy simulation (LES) methods, which directly calculate the large-scale turbulent structures and reserve modeling only for the smallest scales, have been pursued in recent years and may offer the best prospects for improving the fidelity of turbulent jet flow simulations. A related approach is the group of hybrid RANS/LES methods, where RANS is used to model the small-scale turbulence in wall boundary layers and LES is utilized in regions dominated by the large-scale jet mixing. The advantages, limitations, and applicability of each approach are discussed and recommendations for further research are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
N1  - Accession Number: 24610939; Source Information: Jul2006, Vol. 42 Issue 5/6, p377; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 42p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2006.12.001
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TY  - GEN
AU  - Tokano, Tetsuya
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Neubauer, Fritz M.
AU  - Atreya, Sushil K.
AU  - Ferri, Francesca
AU  - Fulchignoni, Marcello
AU  - Niemann, Hasso B.
T1  - Methane drizzle on Titan.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/07/27/
VL  - 442
IS  - 7101
M3  - Letter
SP  - 432
EP  - 435
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Saturn's moon Titan shows landscapes with fluvial features suggestive of hydrology based on liquid methane. Recent efforts in understanding Titan's methane hydrological cycle have focused on occasional cloud outbursts near the south pole or cloud streaks at southern mid-latitudes and the mechanisms of their formation. It is not known, however, if the clouds produce rain or if there are also non-convective clouds, as predicted by several models. Here we show that the in situ data on the methane concentration and temperature profile in Titan's troposphere point to the presence of layered optically thin stratiform clouds. The data indicate an upper methane ice cloud and a lower, barely visible, liquid methane-nitrogen cloud, with a gap in between. The lower, liquid, cloud produces drizzle that reaches the surface. These non-convective methane clouds are quasi-permanent features supported by the global atmospheric circulation, indicating that methane precipitation occurs wherever there is slow upward motion. This drizzle is a persistent component of Titan's methane hydrological cycle and, by wetting the surface on a global scale, plays an active role in the surface geology of Titan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 21703232; Tokano, Tetsuya 1; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Neubauer, Fritz M. 1; Atreya, Sushil K. 3; Ferri, Francesca 4; Fulchignoni, Marcello 5,6; Niemann, Hasso B. 7; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Köln, Germany; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-30, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA; 4: CISAS “G. Colombo”, Università di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy; 5: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France; 6: Universite´ Denis Diderot-Paris 7, UFR de Physique, 2 Place Jussieu, 75006 Paris, France; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 915, Greenbelt, Maryland 20742, USA; Issue Info: 7/27/2006, Vol. 442 Issue 7101, p432; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature04948
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jarvis, Stephen A.
AU  - Spooner, Daniel P.
AU  - Lim Choi Keung, Helene N.
AU  - Cao, Junwei
AU  - Saini, Subhash
AU  - Nudd, Graham R.
T1  - Performance prediction and its use in parallel and distributed computing systems
JO  - Future Generation Computer Systems
JF  - Future Generation Computer Systems
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 22
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 745
EP  - 754
SN  - 0167739X
AB  - Abstract: Performance prediction is set to play a significant role in supportive middleware that is designed to manage workload on parallel and distributed computing systems. This middleware underpins the discovery of available resources, the identification of a task’s requirements and the match-making, scheduling and staging that follow. This paper documents two prediction-based middleware services that address the implications of executing a particular workload on a given set of resources. These services are based on an established performance prediction system that is employed at both the local (intra-domain) and global (multi-domain) levels to provide dynamic workload steering. These additional facilities bring about significant performance improvements, the details of which are presented with regard to system- and user-level qualities of service. The middleware has been designed for the management of resources and distributed workload across multiple administrative boundaries, a requirement that is of central importance to grid computing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Future Generation Computer Systems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - RESOURCE management
KW  - DISTRIBUTED computing
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - Grid computing
KW  - Performance prediction
KW  - Resource management
N1  - Accession Number: 20820366; Jarvis, Stephen A. 1; Email Address: stephen.jarvis@warwick.ac.uk; Spooner, Daniel P. 1; Lim Choi Keung, Helene N. 1; Cao, Junwei 2; Saini, Subhash 3; Nudd, Graham R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Warwick CV4 7AL, UK; 2: Center for Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 22 Issue 7, p745; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER systems; Thesaurus Term: RESOURCE management; Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTED computing; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION resources management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grid computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resource management; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.future.2006.02.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tedesco, Marco
AU  - Kim, Edward J.
T1  - Retrieval of Dry-Snow Parameters From Microwave Radiometric Data Using a Dense-Medium Model and Genetic Algorithms.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2143
EP  - 2151
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A numerical technique based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is used to invert the equations of an electromagnetic model based on dense-medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT) to retrieve snow depth, mean grain size, and fractional volume from microwave brightness temperatures. In order to study the sensitivity of the GA to its parameters, the technique is initially tested on simulated microwave data with and without adding a random noise. A configuration of GA parameters is selected and used for the retrieval of snow parameters from both ground-based observations and brightness temperatures recorded by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E). Retrieved snow parameters are then compared with those measured on ground. Although more investigation is required, results suggest that the proposed technique is able to retrieve snow parameters with good accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Dense-medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT)
KW  - genetic algorithms (GAs)
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - snow
N1  - Accession Number: 21938430; Tedesco, Marco 1; Email Address: mtedesco@umbc.edu; Kim, Edward J. 2,3; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Earth Science Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 3: Laboratory For Hydrospheric and Biospheric Processes, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p2143; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dense-medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT); Author-Supplied Keyword: genetic algorithms (GAs); Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872087
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feng Gao
AU  - Masek, Jeff
AU  - Schwaller, Matt
AU  - Hall, Forrest
T1  - On the Blending of the Landsat and MODIS Surface Reflectance: Predicting Daily Landsat Surface Reflectance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2207
EP  - 2218
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The 16-day revisit cycle of Landsat has long limited its use for studying global biophysical processes, which evolve rapidly during the growing season. In cloudy areas of the Earth, the problem is compounded, and researchers are fortunate to get two to three clear images per year. At the same time, the coarse resolution of sensors such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) limits the sensors' ability to quantify biophysical processes in heterogeneous landscapes. In this paper, the authors present a new spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM) algorithm to blend Landsat and MODIS surface reflectance. Using this approach, high-frequency temporal information from MODIS and high-resolution spatial information from Landsat can be blended for applications that require high resolution in both time and space. The MODIS daily 500-m surface reflectance and the 16-day repeat cycle Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 30-m surface reflectance are used to produce a synthetic ‘daily’ surface reflectance product at ETM+ spatial resolution. The authors present results both with simulated (model) data and actual Landsat/MODIS acquisitions. In general, the STARFM accurately predicts surface reflectance at an effective resolution close to that of the ETM+. However, the performance depends on the characteristic patch size of the landscape and degrades somewhat when used on extremely heterogeneous fine-grained landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Data fusion
KW  - image enhancement
KW  - image processing
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - surface reflectance
N1  - Accession Number: 21938436; Feng Gao 1; Email Address: Feng.Gao@nasa.gov; Masek, Jeff 2; Schwaller, Matt 2; Hall, Forrest 2; Affiliations: 1: Earth Resources Technology Inc., Jessup, MD 20794 USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p2207; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: image enhancement; Author-Supplied Keyword: image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface reflectance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872081
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salvatori, Giorgia
AU  - Suh, K. I.
AU  - Ansari, R. R.
AU  - Rovati, Luigi
T1  - Instrumentation and Calibration Protocol for a Continuous Wave Near Infrared Hemoximeter.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2006/08//
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1368
EP  - 1376
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Quantification of hemoglobin content in vivo using continuous wave (CW) near infrared spectroscopy requires an accurate calibration of the measuring system. The authors introduce a recently developed instrument and focus their attention on the calibration issue, proposing a calibration procedure specifically designed for their system, but which can be easily generalized for other CW near-infrared systems. In the paper, the most important calibration procedures and the results obtained are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - STANDARDIZATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 21643511; Source Information: Aug2006, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p1368; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: STANDARDIZATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2006.877722
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warner, Jeffrey H.
AU  - Messenger, Scott R.
AU  - Walters, Robert J.
AU  - Summers, Geoffrey P.
AU  - Lorentzen, Justin R.
AU  - Wilt, David M.
AU  - Smith, Mark A.
T1  - Correlation of Electron Radiation Induced-Damage in GaAs Solar Cells.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2006/08//Aug2006 Part 1 Of 2
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1988
EP  - 1994
SN  - 00189499
AB  - GaAs solar cells with different structures and polarities were irradiated with 1 and 5 MeV electrons. The energy dependence of the electron damage coefficients for the photocurrent, photovoltage, and maximum power were found to vary approximately linearly with NIEL in contrast to what has been found for other GaAs cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Photovoltaic cells
KW  - Ions
KW  - Electrons
KW  - Atoms
KW  - Nuclear physics
KW  - Particles (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Damage correlation
KW  - displacement damage
KW  - electron displacement damage
KW  - GaAs solar cells
KW  - nonionizing energy loss (NIEL)
KW  - radiation damage
N1  - Accession Number: 22324675; Warner, Jeffrey H. 1,2; Email Address: Jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; Messenger, Scott R. 2; Email Address: Jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil; Walters, Robert J. 1; Email Address: rwalters@ccs.nrl.navy.mil; Summers, Geoffrey P. 1,3; Email Address: gsummers@ccf.nrl.navy.mil; Lorentzen, Justin R. 4; Email Address: jlorentz@estd.nrl.navy.mil; Wilt, David M. 5; Email Address: david.wilt@grc.nasa.gov; Smith, Mark A. 6; Email Address: Mark.A.Smith@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA; 2: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA; 3: Physics Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21253 USA; 4: SFA, Inc., Largo, MD 20774 USA; 5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; 6: OAI, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA; Issue Info: Aug2006 Part 1 Of 2, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p1988; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Solar energy; Thesaurus Term: Photovoltaic cells; Thesaurus Term: Ions; Subject Term: Electrons; Subject Term: Atoms; Subject Term: Nuclear physics; Subject Term: Particles (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: displacement damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: electron displacement damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: GaAs solar cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonionizing energy loss (NIEL); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation damage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2006.877877
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Condon, Gregory W.
AU  - Landesman, Miriam F.
AU  - Calasanz-Kaiser, Agnes
T1  - What's on Your Radar Screen?
JO  - Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School
JF  - Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School
J1  - Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School
PY  - 2006/08//
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
SN  - 10720839
AB  - Features an air traffic control exploration drawn from Smart Skies FlyBy Math, a series of five Standards-based distance-rate-time investigations introduced for middle school students by the Airspace Systems Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  Use of multiple representations to guide a class of sixth-grade students; Observations on how the students performed the experiment; Mathematics methods offered by FlyBy Math.
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Communication systems
KW  - MIDDLE school students
KW  - MATHEMATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21837969; Source Information: Aug2006, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p6; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Communication systems; Subject Term: MIDDLE school students; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 1 Graph, 1 Map; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Sang-Young
AU  - Seywald, Hans
AU  - Krizan, Shawn A.
AU  - Stillwagen, Frederic H.
T1  - Mission design for Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) using a magnetoplasma spacecraft
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 737
EP  - 749
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: To send humans beyond Mars, a Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) mission has been studied for new spacecraft concepts and technologies. In this paper, an interplanetary trajectory and a preliminary spacecraft design are presented for the HOPE visit to Callisto, one of Jupiter''s moons. To design a round-trip trajectory for the mission, the characteristics of the spacecraft and its trajectories are analyzed. A detailed optimization approach is formulated to utilize a Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) engine with capabilities of variable specific impulse, variable engine efficiency, and engine on–off control. It is mainly illustrated that a 30MW powered spacecraft can make the mission possible in a 5-year round trip constraint around the year 2045. Trajectories with different power and reactor options are also discussed. The results obtained in this study can be used for formulating an overall concept for the mission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Outer planets
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Space trajectories
KW  - Human outer planet exploration
KW  - Interplanetary trajectory
KW  - Mission design
KW  - Trajectory optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 21576900; Park, Sang-Young 1; Email Address: spark@galaxy.yonsei.ac.kr; Seywald, Hans 2; Krizan, Shawn A. 2; Stillwagen, Frederic H. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120 749, Republic of Korea; 2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., 303 Butler Farm Road, Suite 104A, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Mail Stop 328, VA 23681 2199, USA; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p737; Subject Term: Outer planets; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Space trajectories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human outer planet exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary trajectory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trajectory optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Lee III, Robert B.
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Bush, Kathryn A.
AU  - Willis, Joshua K.
T1  - Reexamination of the Observed Decadal Variability of the Earth Radiation Budget Using Altitude-Corrected ERBE/ERBS Nonscanner WFOV Data.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4028
EP  - 4040
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This paper gives an update on the observed decadal variability of the earth radiation budget (ERB) using the latest altitude-corrected Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)/Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) Nonscanner Wide Field of View (WFOV) instrument Edition3 dataset. The effects of the altitude correction are to modify the original reported decadal changes in tropical mean (20°N to 20°S) longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and net radiation between the 1980s and the 1990s from 3.1, -2.4, and -0.7 to 1.6, -3.0, and 1.4 W m-2, respectively. In addition, a small SW instrument drift over the 15-yr period was discovered during the validation of the WFOV Edition3 dataset. A correction was developed and applied to the Edition3 dataset at the data user level to produce the WFOV Edition3_Rev1 dataset. With this final correction, the ERBS Nonscanner-observed decadal changes in tropical mean LW, SW, and net radiation between the 1980s and the 1990s now stand at 0.7, -2.1, and 1.4 W m-2, respectively, which are similar to the observed decadal changes in the High-Resolution Infrared Radiometer Sounder (HIRS) Pathfinder OLR and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) version FD record but disagree with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder ERB record. Furthermore, the observed interannual variability of near-global ERBS WFOV Edition3_Rev1 net radiation is found to be remarkably consistent with the latest ocean heat storage record for the overlapping time period of 1993 to 1999. Both datasets show variations of roughly 1.5 W m-2 in planetary net heat balance during the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Terrestrial radiation
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Advanced very high resolution radiometers
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Influence of altitude
N1  - Accession Number: 22671151; Wong, Takmeng 1; Email Address: takmeng.wong@nasa.gov; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Lee III, Robert B. 1; Smith, G. Louis 2; Bush, Kathryn A. 3; Willis, Joshua K. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p4028; Thesaurus Term: Terrestrial radiation; Thesaurus Term: Ocean temperature; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Thesaurus Term: Advanced very high resolution radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Influence of altitude; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, D.-Z.
AU  - Zhang, T.
AU  - Covey, C.
AU  - Klein, S. A.
AU  - Collins, W. D.
AU  - Hack, J. J.
AU  - Kiehl, J. T.
AU  - Meehl, G. A.
AU  - Held, I. M.
AU  - Suarez, M.
T1  - Radiative and Dynamical Feedbacks over the Equatorial Cold Tongue: Results from Nine Atmospheric GCMs.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4059
EP  - 4074
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The equatorial Pacific is a region with strong negative feedbacks. Yet coupled general circulation models (GCMs) have exhibited a propensity to develop a significant SST bias in that region, suggesting an unrealistic sensitivity in the coupled models to small energy flux errors that inevitably occur in the individual model components. Could this “hypersensitivity” exhibited in a coupled model be due to an underestimate of the strength of the negative feedbacks in this region? With this suspicion, the feedbacks in the equatorial Pacific in nine atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) have been quantified using the interannual variations in that region and compared with the corresponding calculations from the observations. The nine AGCMs are the NCAR Community Climate Model version 1 (CAM1), the NCAR Community Climate Model version 2 (CAM2), the NCAR Community Climate Model version 3 (CAM3), the NCAR CAM3 at T85 resolution, the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) Atmospheric Model, the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model (HadAM3), the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) model (LMDZ4), the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) AM2p10, and the GFDL AM2p12. All the corresponding coupled runs of these nine AGCMs have an excessive cold tongue in the equatorial Pacific. The net atmospheric feedback over the equatorial Pacific in the two GFDL models is found to be comparable to the observed value. All other models are found to have a weaker negative net feedback from the atmosphere—a weaker regulating effect on the underlying SST than the real atmosphere. Except for the French (IPSL) model, a weaker negative feedback from the cloud albedo and a weaker negative feedback from the atmospheric transport are the two leading contributors to the weaker regulating effect from the atmosphere. The underestimate of the strength of the negative feedbacks by the models is apparently linked to an underestimate of the equatorial precipitation response. All models have a stronger water vapor feedback than that indicated in Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) observations. These results confirm the suspicion that an underestimate of the regulatory effect from the atmosphere over the equatorial Pacific region is a prevalent problem. The results also suggest, however, that a weaker regulatory effect from the atmosphere is unlikely solely responsible for the hypersensitivity in all models. The need to validate the feedbacks from the ocean transport is therefore highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Terrestrial radiation
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Ocean circulation
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - General circulation model
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmosphere -- Research
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 22671140; Sun, D.-Z. 1; Email Address: dezheng.sun@noaa.gov; Zhang, T. 1; Covey, C. 2; Klein, S. A. 2; Collins, W. D. 3; Hack, J. J. 3; Kiehl, J. T. 3; Meehl, G. A. 3; Held, I. M. 4; Suarez, M. 5; Affiliations: 1: CIRES/Climate Diagnostics Center, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 4: NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p4059; Thesaurus Term: Terrestrial radiation; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Ocean circulation; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere); Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Thesaurus Term: General circulation model; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere -- Research; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiou, E. W.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Chu, W. P.
T1  - Variability of Stratospheric Water Vapor Inferred from SAGE II, HALOE, and Boulder (Colorado) Balloon Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4121
EP  - 4133
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The variability of stratospheric water vapor between 1996 and 2004 has been studied using multiyear measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) version 6.2 dataset, the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) version 19 dataset, and the balloon-borne frost point hygrometer data record at Boulder, Colorado (40°N, 105°W). The features derived from SAGE II and HALOE for 20° latitudinal zones from 60°S to 60°N at various altitudes (16–34 km) show good quantitative agreement regarding the phases and magnitudes of annual, semiannual, and quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO). For the latitudinal zones 20°–40° and 40°–60°, the hemispheric asymmetry at 22 km with mainly QBO in the north and predominantly annual oscillations in the south has been revealed by both SAGE II and HALOE observations. Strong correlation exists between SAGE II and HALOE lower-stratospheric H2O anomalies over low latitudes and 100-hPa tropical zonal mean temperature anomalies. The correlation coefficients based on the 0°–20°S water vapor time series with H2O lagged by 2 months are 0.81 and 0.70 for HALOE and SAGE II, respectively. For 35°–45°N, SAGE II and HALOE show consistent trends generally varying from -0.05 to -0.02 ppmv yr-1 between 16 and 34 km. The corresponding analyses based on frost point measurements over Boulder show insignificant trends. These trends are not strongly dependent on the end points of the analysis and stand in contrast to the positive trends reported in previous studies that include data records prior to 1994. For the lower stratosphere, investigations of the entire balloon-borne dataset over Boulder indicate higher values of mixing ratios after 1992–93 compared to the period 1980–92. In contrast, SAGE II monthly zonal mean measurements for 35°–45°N show insignificant differences between the periods 1987–89 and 1996–2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Hygrometers
KW  - Oscillations
KW  - BOULDER [Colo.]
N1  - Accession Number: 22671155; Chiou, E. W. 1; Email Address: echiou@sesda2.com; Thomason, L. W. 2; Chu, W. P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p4121; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Hygrometers; Subject Term: Oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: BOULDER [Colo.]; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gamon, J.A.
AU  - Rahman, A.F.
AU  - Dungan, J.L.
AU  - Schildhauer, M.
AU  - Huemmrich, K.F.
T1  - Spectral Network (SpecNet)—What is it and why do we need it?
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 103
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 227
EP  - 235
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Effective integration of optical remote sensing with flux measurements across multiple scales is essential for understanding global patterns of surface–atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water vapor. SpecNet (Spectral Network) is an international network of cooperating investigators and sites linking optical measurements with flux sampling for the purpose of improving our understanding of the controls on these fluxes. An additional goal is to characterize disturbance impacts on surface–atmosphere fluxes. To reach these goals, key SpecNet objectives include the exploration of scaling issues, development of novel sampling tools, standardization and intercomparison of sampling methods, development of models and statistical methods that relate optical sampling to fluxes, exploration of component fluxes, validation of satellite products, and development of an informatics approach that integrates disparate data sources across scales. Examples of these themes are summarized in this review. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Telecommunication systems
KW  - Optical measurements
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - FLUXNET
KW  - Optical remote sensing
KW  - Satellite validation
KW  - Scaling
KW  - SpecNet (Spectral Network)
KW  - Surface–atmosphere flux
N1  - Accession Number: 21741160; Gamon, J.A. 1; Email Address: jgamon@gmail.com; Rahman, A.F. 2; Dungan, J.L. 3; Schildhauer, M. 4; Huemmrich, K.F. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA; 2: MS2125, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; 3: MS 242-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 4: National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St., Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351, USA; 5: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Code 614.4, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 103 Issue 3, p227; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Telecommunication systems; Subject Term: Optical measurements; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: FLUXNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: SpecNet (Spectral Network); Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface–atmosphere flux; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Growing Apart in Lock Step.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/08/25/
VL  - 313
IS  - 5790
M3  - Article
SP  - 1054
EP  - 1055
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article presents information on the satellite systems of Pluto. Two small moons of Pluto, Nix and Hydra, were discovered last year in images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. Both travel on nearly circular orbits, in the same plane and direction as Pluto's much larger inner moon, Charon. Nix's orbital period is some what less than four times that of Charon, and Hydra orbits in slightly less time than it takes Charon to complete six revolutions. Two researchers report a mechanism by which Charon could have pushed Nix and Hydra outward from initial orbits much closer to Pluto, thereby providing a unified explanation for the origin and evolution of this intriguing four-body system.
KW  - Evolutionary theories
KW  - Pluto (Dwarf planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Discoveries in science
KW  - Natural satellites -- Orbits
KW  - Charon (Satellite)
KW  - Moon
KW  - Resonance
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 23065793; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Email Address: jlissauer@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA, Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: 8/25/2006, Vol. 313 Issue 5790, p1054; Thesaurus Term: Evolutionary theories; Subject Term: Pluto (Dwarf planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Discoveries in science; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Orbits; Subject Term: Charon (Satellite); Subject Term: Moon; Subject Term: Resonance; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres ; Company/Entity: Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1128447
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, J.T.
AU  - Robarge, W.P.
AU  - Wu, Y.
AU  - Meyers, T.P.
T1  - Measurement of bi-directional ammonia fluxes over soybean using the modified Bowen-ratio technique
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2006/08/29/
VL  - 138
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 68
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: Measurements of bi-directional ammonia (NH3) exchange over a fertilized soybean canopy are presented for an 8-week period during the summer of 2002. The modified Bowen-ratio approach was used to determine fluxes from vertical NH3 and temperature gradients in combination with eddy covariance sensible heat fluxes. The measurement site is located in an area of high NH3 emissions from animal production and fertilizer use. Ambient NH3 concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 43.9μgm−3 (μ =9.4μgm−3) during the experiment. The mean flux was −12.3ngm−2 s−1, indicating that the canopy was a net sink for NH3; however, emission fluxes were consistently observed during the late morning and early afternoon. Deposition rates were highest when the canopy was wet (μ =−29.9ngm−2 s−1). Modeling results suggest that uptake via the leaf cuticle was the dominant deposition process and stomatal uptake only occurred during the first few hours after sunrise when the stomatal resistance and compensation point were low. The average stomatal compensation point was high (χ s =11.5μgNH3 m−3), primarily due to high daytime temperatures (μ =29°C). Measured cuticular resistances were large (median R w =208sm−1), most likely due to very dry conditions. The average NH3 flux corresponds to a dry-to-wet deposition ratio of 0.44. Median flux error was 51%, which was dominated by uncertainty in the vertical NH3 gradient due to sequential sampling between measurement heights. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soybean
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Surface tension
KW  - Stomata
KW  - Bi-directional flux
KW  - Compensation point
KW  - Dry deposition
N1  - Accession Number: 21918475; Walker, J.T. 1; Email Address: walker.johnt@epa.gov; Robarge, W.P. 2; Wu, Y. 3; Meyers, T.P. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States; 2: Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; 3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; 4: Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States; Issue Info: Aug2006, Vol. 138 Issue 1-4, p54; Thesaurus Term: Soybean; Thesaurus Term: Ammonia; Thesaurus Term: Surface tension; Subject Term: Stomata; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bi-directional flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compensation point; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dry deposition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111110 Soybean Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.03.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behrenfeld, Michael J.
AU  - Worthington, Kirby
AU  - Sherrell, Robert M.
AU  - Chavez, Francisco P.
AU  - Strutton, Peter
AU  - McPhaden, Michael
AU  - Shea, Donald M.
T1  - Controls on tropical Pacific Ocean productivity revealed through nutrient stress diagnostics.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/08/31/
VL  - 442
IS  - 7106
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1028
SN  - 00280836
AB  - In situ enrichment experiments have shown that the growth of bloom-forming diatoms in the major high-nitrate low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the world's oceans is limited by the availability of iron. Yet even the largest of these manipulative experiments represents only a small fraction of an ocean basin, and the responses observed are strongly influenced by the proliferation of rare species rather than the growth of naturally dominant populations. Here we link unique fluorescence attributes of phytoplankton to specific physiological responses to nutrient stress, and use these relationships to evaluate the factors that constrain phytoplankton growth in the tropical Pacific Ocean on an unprecedented spatial scale. On the basis of fluorescence measurements taken over 12 years, we delineate three major ecophysiological regimes in this region. We find that iron has a key function in regulating phytoplankton growth in both HNLC and oligotrophic waters near the Equator and further south, whereas nitrogen and zooplankton grazing are the primary factors that regulate biomass production in the north. Application of our findings to the interpretation of satellite chlorophyll fields shows that productivity in the tropical Pacific basin may be 1.2–2.5 Pg C yr-1 lower than previous estimates have suggested, a difference that is comparable to the global change in ocean production that accompanied the largest El Niño to La Niña transition on record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropical conditions
KW  - Diatoms
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Effect of nitrogen on plants
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - PACIFIC Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 22271551; Behrenfeld, Michael J. 1; Worthington, Kirby 2; Sherrell, Robert M. 3; Chavez, Francisco P. 4; Strutton, Peter 5; McPhaden, Michael 6; Shea, Donald M. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Cordley Hall 2082, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 3: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521, USA; 4: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California 95039-9644, USA; 5: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 COAS Admin Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5503, USA; 6: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA; 7: Science Applications International Corporation, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; Issue Info: 8/31/2006, Vol. 442 Issue 7106, p1025; Thesaurus Term: Tropical conditions; Thesaurus Term: Diatoms; Thesaurus Term: Phytoplankton; Thesaurus Term: Effect of nitrogen on plants; Thesaurus Term: Chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: PACIFIC Ocean; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature05083
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Wenny, B. N.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Yee, J.-H.
AU  - Swartz, W. H.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
T1  - Ozone observations by the Gas and Aerosol Measurement Sensor during SOLVE II.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 6
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2695
EP  - 2709
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Gas and Aerosol Measurement Sensor (GAMS) was deployed aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the second SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II). GAMS acquired line-of-sight (LOS) direct solar irradiance spectra during the sunlit portions of ten science flights of the DC-8 between 12 January and 4 February 2003. Differential line-of-sight (DLOS) optical depth spectra are produced from the GAMS raw solar irradiance spectra. Then, DLOS ozone number densities are retrieved from the GAMS spectra using a multiple linear regression spectral fitting technique. Both the DLOS optical depth spectra and retrieved ozone data are compared with coincident measurements from two other solar instruments aboard the DC-8 platform to demonstrate the robustness and stability of the GAMS data. The GAMS ozone measurements are then utilized to evaluate the quality of the Wulf band ozone cross sections, a critical component of the SAGE III aerosol, water vapor, and temperature/pressure retrievals. Results suggest the ozone cross section compilation of Shettle and Anderson currently used operationally in SAGE III data processing may be in error by as much as 10-20% in the Wulf bands, and their lack of reported temperature dependence is a significant deficiency. A second, more recent, cross section database compiled for the SCIAMACHY satellite mission appears to be of much better quality in the Wulf bands, but still may have errors as large as 5% near the Wulf band absorption peaks, which is slightly larger than their stated uncertainty. Additional laboratory measurements of the Wulf band cross sections should be pursued to further reduce their uncertainty and better quantify their temperature dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Robust control
N1  - Accession Number: 22150275; Pitts, M. C. 1; Email Address: michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov; Thomason, L. W. 1; Zawodny, J. M. 1; Wenny, B. N. 2; Livingston, J. M. 3; Russell, P. B. 4; Yee, J.-H. 5; Swartz, W. H. 5; Shetter, R. E. 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 5: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 9, p2695; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Robust control; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rutledge, Charles K.
AU  - Schuster, Gregory L.
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
AU  - Denn, Frederick M.
AU  - Smith Jr., William L.
AU  - Fabbri, Bryan E.
AU  - Madigan Jr., James J.
AU  - Knapp, Robert J.
T1  - Offshore Radiation Observations for Climate Research at the CERES Ocean Validation Experiment: A New “Laboratory” for Retrieval Algorithm Testing.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 87
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1222
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - When radiometers on satellites point toward Earth with the goal of sensing an important variable quantitatively, rather than just creating a pleasing image, the task at hand is often not simple. The electromagnetic energy detected by the radiometers is a puzzle of various signals; it must be solved to quantify the specific physical variable. This task, called the retrieval or remote-sensing process, is important to most satellite-based observation programs. It would be ideal to test the algorithms for retrieval processes in a sealed laboratory, where all the relevant parameters could be easily measured. The size and complexity of the Earth make this impractical. NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project has done the next-best thing by developing a long-term radiation observation site over the ocean. The relatively low and homogeneous surface albedo of the ocean make this type of site a simpler environment for observing and validating radiation parameters from satellite-based instruments. To characterize components of the planet's energy budget, CERES uses a variety of retrievals associated with several satellite-based instruments onboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). A new surface observation project called the CERES Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE), operating on a rigid ocean platform, is supplying data to validate some of these instruments and retrieval products. This article describes the ocean platform and the types of observations being performed there, and highlights of some scientific problems being addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Research
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Electromagnetic waves
KW  - Science
KW  - Virginia
N1  - Accession Number: 22426555; Rutledge, Charles K. 1; Email Address: c.k.rutledge@larc.nasa.gov; Schuster, Gregory L. 2; Charlock, Thomas P. 2; Denn, Frederick M. 1; Smith Jr., William L. 2; Fabbri, Bryan E. 1; Madigan Jr., James J. 1; Knapp, Robert J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Climate Sciences Branch, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep2006, Vol. 87 Issue 9, p1211; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere); Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Research; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: Science; Subject: Virginia; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-87-9-1211
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=22426555&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sherry, Lance
AU  - Fennell, Karl
AU  - Feary, Michael
AU  - Polson, Peter
T1  - Human-Computer Interaction Analysis of Flight Management System Messages.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
Y1  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1372
EP  - 1376
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Researchers have identified low proficiency in pilot response to flight management system error messages and have documented pilot perceptions that the messages contribute to the overall difficulty in learning and using the flight management system. It is well known that sharp reductions in pilot proficiency occur when pilots are asked to perform tasks that are time-critical, occur very infrequently, and are not guided by salient visual cues on the user-interface. This paper describes the results of an analysis of the pilot human-computer interaction required to respond to 67 flight management system error messages from a representative modern flight management system. Thirty-six percent of the messages require prompt pilot response, occur very infrequently, and are not guided by visual cues. These results explain, in part, issues with pilot proficiency, and demonstrate the need for deliberate design of the messages to account for the properties of human-computer interaction. Guidelines for improved training and design of the error messages are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Piloting
KW  - ERGONOMICS
KW  - USER interfaces (Computer systems)
N1  - Accession Number: 23142551; Source Information: Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1372; Subject Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Piloting; Subject Term: ERGONOMICS; Subject Term: USER interfaces (Computer systems); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.20026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=23142551&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
T1  - Vortex-Free Flight Corridors for Aircraft Executing Compressed Landing Operations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
Y1  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1424
EP  - 1428
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A factor that limits airport arrival and departure rates is the need to wait between operations for the wake vortices of preceding aircraft to decay to a safe level. As airport traffic demand increases, creative methods will be needed to overcome the limitations caused by the hazard posed by vortex wakes so that airport capacities can be safely increased. The problem addressed here is the design of vortex-free trajectories for aircraft as they fly from their cruise altitudes down to their final approach paths and to a landing. The guidelines presented recommend that the flight path of each aircraft in a group executing nearly simultaneous landings be spaced far enough apart laterally along organized flight paths so that the vortex wakes of preceding aircraft will not intrude into the airspace to be used by following aircraft. An example is presented as to how a combination of straight lines and circular arcs is able to provide each aircraft in a group with a vortex-free trajectory for nearly simultaneous landings on a set of closely spaced parallel runways. Although the guidelines are described for aircraft on approach, the concepts presented are also applicable to departure, and to en route operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AIR travel
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 23142558; Source Information: Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1424; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AIR travel; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.21614
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=23142558&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rouse, Marshall
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
AU  - Dopker, Bernard
AU  - Shah, Bharat
T1  - Response of Composite Fuselage Sandwich Side Panels Subjected to Internal Pressure and Axial Tension.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
Y1  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1440
EP  - 1447
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An experimental and analytical study on the structural behavior of two carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite sandwich fuselage side panels for a transport aircraft is presented. Each panel has two window cutouts and three frames and uses a distinctly different structural concept. These panels have been evaluated with internal-pressure and axial tension load loading conditions. One of the sandwich panels was tested with the middle frame removed to demonstrate the suitability of this two-frame design for supporting the prescribed biaxial loading conditions with twice the initial frame spacing. A damage tolerance study was conducted on the two-frame panel by cutting a notch in the panel that originated at the edge of a cutout and extended in the panel hoop direction through the window-belt area. This panel with a notch was tested in a combined-load condition. Both sandwich panel designs successfully satisfied all desired load requirements in the experimental part of the study, and experimental results from the two-frame panel with and without damage are fully explained by the analytical results. The results of this study suggest that there is potential for using sandwich structural concepts with greater than usual frame spacing to further reduce aircraft fuselage structural weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - REINFORCED plastics
KW  - DAMAGES (Law)
KW  - AIRCRAFT cabins
N1  - Accession Number: 23142561; Source Information: Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1440; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: REINFORCED plastics; Subject Term: DAMAGES (Law); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT cabins; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.22397
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=23142561&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, Melissa B.
AU  - Campbell, Richard L.
AU  - Pendergraft Jr., Odis C.
AU  - Friedman, Douglas M.
AU  - Serrano, Leonel
T1  - Designing and Testing a Blended Wing Body with Boundary-Layer Ingestion Nacelles.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
Y1  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1479
EP  - 1489
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A knowledge-based aerodynamic design method coupled with an unstructured grid Navier--Stokes flow solver was used to improve the propulsion/airframe integration for a blended wing body with boundary-layer ingestion nacelles. A new zonal design capability was used that significantly reduced the time required to achieve a successful design for each nacelle and the elevon between them. A wind-tunnel model was built with interchangeable parts reflecting the baseline and redesigned configurations and tested in the National Transonic Facility. Most of the testing was done at the cruise design conditions (Mach number of 0.85, Reynolds number of 75 million). In general, the predicted improvements in forces and moments as well as the changes in wing pressures between the baseline and redesign were confirmed by the wind-tunnel results. The effectiveness of elevons between the nacelles was also predicted surprisingly well considering the crudeness in the modeling of the control surfaces in the flow code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - AERIAL propellers
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Nacelles
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 23142565; Source Information: Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1479; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: AERIAL propellers; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Nacelles; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.22765
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=23142565&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Disuse in adult male rats attenuates the bone anabolic response to a therapeutic dose of parathyroid hormone.
AU  - Turner, Russell T.
AU  - Lotinun, Sutada
AU  - Hefferan, Theresa E.
AU  - Morey-Holton, Emily
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 101
IS  - 3
SP  - 881
EP  - 886
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 22347752; Author: Turner, Russell T.: 1 email: russell.turner@oregonstate.edu. Author: Lotinun, Sutada: 1 Author: Hefferan, Theresa E.: 2 Author: Morey-Holton, Emily: 3 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Nutrition and Exercise Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon: 2 Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota: 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20060915
N2  - Intermittent treatment with parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases bone formation and prevents bone loss in hindlimb-unloaded (HLU) rats. However, the mechanisms of action of PTH are incompletely known. To explore possible interactions between weight bearing and PTH, we treated 6-mo-old weight-bearing and HLU rats with a human therapeutic dose (1 μg·kg-1·day-1) of human PTH(1-34) (hPTH). Cortical and cancellous bone formation was measured in tibia at the diaphysis proximal to the tibia-fibula synostosis and at the proximal metaphysis, respectively. Two weeks of hindlimb unloading resulted in a dramatic decrease in the rate of bone formation at both skeletal sites, which was prevented by PTH treatment at the cancellous site only. In contrast, PTH treatment increased cortical as well as cancellous bone formation in weight-bearing rats. Two-way ANOVA revealed that hPTH and HLU had independent and opposite effects on all histomorphometric indexes of bone formation [mineral apposition rate (MAR), double-labeled perimeter (dLPm), and bone formation rate (BFR)] at both skeletal sites. The bone anabolic effects of weight bearing and hPTH on dLPm and BFR at the cortical site were additive, as were the effects on MAR at the cancellous site. In contrast, weight bearing and hPTH resulted in synergistic increases in cortical bone MAR and cancellous bone dLPm and BFR. We conclude that weight bearing and PTH act cooperatively to increase bone formation by resulting in site-specific additive and synergistic increases in indexes of osteoblast number and activity, suggesting that weight-bearing exercise targeted to osteopenic skeletal sites may improve the efficacy of PTH therapy for osteoporosis. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *OSTEOPOROSIS
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGICAL research
KW  - PARATHYROID hormone
KW  - HINDLIMB
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - ANIMAL models in research
KW  - aging
KW  - bone anabolic
KW  - bone remodeling
KW  - exercise
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moisan, Tiffany A.
AU  - Ellisman, Mark H.
AU  - Buitenhuys, Casey W.
AU  - Sosinsky, Gina E.
T1  - Differences in chloroplast ultrastructure of Phaeocystis antarctica in low and high light.
JO  - Marine Biology
JF  - Marine Biology
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 149
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1281
EP  - 1290
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00253162
AB  - Phaeocystis antarctica Karsten exhibits optical changes in pigment packaging during acclimation to drastically different light levels. Here, the three-dimensional morphological rearrangements are shown for two light conditions mimicking limiting and saturating conditions for photosynthesis. Cultures of P. antarctica were grown semi-continuously under light-limiting conditions for growth (14 μmol quanta m−2 s−1) and a light-saturating condition (259 μmol quanta m−2 s−1) for growth. Increased numbers of thylakoids were observed under the low light treatment. In contrast, there were less amounts of thylakoid stacking in each chloroplast under the high light treatment. Electron microscopic tomographic reconstructions illustrate the complexity of the chloroplast organelle where the thylakoids ‘interact’ with the pyrenoid and the chloroplast membrane. Highly complex characteristics, such as bi- and tri-furcations in the thylakoid stacks, were continuous throughout the chloroplast. Other organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and dense vesicles that may potentially affect cellular scattering and absorption were also observed in both high and low light. These three dimensional thylakoid arrangements have profound implications for cellular photophysiology. They represent a new view of algal chloroplast structure, and provide a starting point for more accurate optical modeling studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Biology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Golgi apparatus
KW  - Chloroplasts -- Formation
KW  - Biological pigments
KW  - Thylakoids
KW  - Chloroplast membranes
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Cell organelles
KW  - Coated vesicles
N1  - Accession Number: 22171995; Moisan, Tiffany A. 1; Email Address: tmoisan@osb.wff.nasa.gov; Ellisman, Mark H. 2; Buitenhuys, Casey W. 2; Sosinsky, Gina E. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Island, VA 23337, USA; 2: National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences and the Center for Research on Biological Systems, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0608, USA; Issue Info: Sep2006, Vol. 149 Issue 6, p1281; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Golgi apparatus; Subject Term: Chloroplasts -- Formation; Subject Term: Biological pigments; Subject Term: Thylakoids; Subject Term: Chloroplast membranes; Subject Term: Electron microscopy; Subject Term: Cell organelles; Subject Term: Coated vesicles; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00227-006-0321-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2006-11398-001
AN  - 2006-11398-001
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - Allen, Philip A.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Grabbe, Jeremy
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - Visual word recognition without central attention: Evidence for greater automaticity with advancing age.
JF  - Psychology and Aging
JO  - Psychology and Aging
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
SP  - 431
EP  - 447
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0882-7974
SN  - 1939-1498
AD  - Lien, Mei-Ching, Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, US, 97331
N1  - Accession Number: 2006-11398-001. PMID: 16953708 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Lien, Mei-Ching; Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, US. Release Date: 20061215. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Aging; Cognitive Processes; Divided Attention; Lexical Decision; Word Recognition. Minor Descriptor: Age Differences; Interference (Learning); Life Span. Classification: Gerontology (2860); Cognitive Processes (2340). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs) (320); Thirties (30-39 yrs) (340); Middle Age (40-64 yrs) (360); Aged (65 yrs & older) (380). Tests & Measures: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale  (WAIS). Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 17. Issue Publication Date: Sep, 2006. Publication History: Accepted Date: May 15, 2006; Revised Date: Apr 26, 2006; First Submitted Date: Feb 17, 2004. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2006. 
AB  - The present experiments examined the automaticity of word recognition. The authors examined whether people can recognize words while central attention is devoted to another task and how this ability changes across the life span. In Experiment 1, a lexical decision Task 2 was combined with either an auditory or a visual Task 1. Regardless of the Task 1 modality, Task 2 word recognition proceeded in parallel with Task 1 central operations for older adults but not for younger adults. This is a rare example of improved cognitive processing with advancing age. When Task 2 was nonlexical (Experiment 2), however, there was no evidence for greater parallel processing for older adults. Thus, the processing advantage appears to be restricted to lexical processes. The authors conclude that greater cumulative experience with lexical processing leads to greater automaticity, allowing older adults to more efficiently perform this stage in parallel with another task. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - aging
KW  - dual-task interference
KW  - visual word recognition
KW  - divided attention
KW  - life span
KW  - cognitive processing
KW  - lexical processes
KW  - automaticity
KW  - 2006
KW  - Aging
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - Divided Attention
KW  - Lexical Decision
KW  - Word Recognition
KW  - Age Differences
KW  - Interference (Learning)
KW  - Life Span
U1  - Sponsor: Oregon State University, Research Incentive Programs, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated
U1  - Sponsor: Oregon State University, College of Liberal Arts, US. Recipients: No recipient indicated
U1  - Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Grant: NCC 2-1325. Recipients: No recipient indicated
DO  - 10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.431
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UR  - mei.lien@oregonstate.edu
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Aharonson, O.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell, III., J. F.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Crisp, J. A.
AU  - Farrand, W.
AU  - Glotch, T.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
AU  - Jolliff, B. L.
AU  - Knoll, A. H.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - McSween, H. Y.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Rice, Jr., J. W.
T1  - Planetary science: Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/09/07/
VL  - 443
IS  - 7107
M3  - Article
SP  - E1
EP  - E2
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Arising from: T. M. McCollom & B. M. Hynek 438, 1129–1131 (2005); McCollom & Hynek replyThe Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity discovered sulphate-rich sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum on Mars, which are interpreted by McCollom and Hynek as altered volcanic rocks. However, their conclusions are derived from an incorrect representation of our depositional model, which is upheld by more recent Rover data. We contend that all the available data still support an aeolian and aqueous sedimentary origin for Meridiani bedrock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Astrogeology
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Analytical geochemistry
KW  - Hematite
N1  - Accession Number: 22271604; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu; Aharonson, O. 2; Arvidson, R. E. 3; Bell, III., J. F. 1; Christensen, P. R. 4; Clark, B. C. 5; Crisp, J. A. 6; Farrand, W. 7; Glotch, T. 2; Golombek, M. P. 6; Grant, J. 8; Grotzinger, J. 2; Herkenhoff, K. E. 9; Johnson, J. R. 9; Jolliff, B. L. 2; Knoll, A. H. 10; McLennan, S. M. 11; McSween, H. Y. 12; Moore, J. M. 13; Rice, Jr., J. W. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; 2: Division of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; 4: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA; 5: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, Colorado 80127, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA; 8: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560, USA; 9: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; 10: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 11: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA; 12: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; 13: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 9/7/2006, Vol. 443 Issue 7107, pE1; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Astrogeology; Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Analytical geochemistry; Subject Term: Hematite; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature05212
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=22271604&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting of land surface phenology
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Land surface phenology is an important process for real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting in diverse land management, health, and hydrologic modeling applications. Yet current efforts to characterize phenological processes are limited by remote sensing challenges and lack of uncertainty estimates. Here, for a global distribution of phenologically and climatically similar phenoregions, we used the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer to develop a conceptually and computationally simple technique for real-time and forecast applications. Our overall approach was to analyze the phenological behavior of groups of pixels without recourse to smoothing or fitting. We used a 3-step initial process: (1) define a phenoregion specific normalized difference vegetation index threshold; (2) for all days from 1982–2003, calculate the percent of pixels above the threshold (PAT); (3) calculate daily 1982–2003 empirical distributions of PAT. For real-time monitoring, the current PAT may then be compared to the historical range of variability and visualized in relation to user-defined levels. Using similar concepts, we projected daily PAT up to one month in the future and compared predicted and actual dates at which a hypothetical PAT was reached. We found that the maximum lead-time of phenological forecasts could be analytically defined for user-specified uncertainty levels. The approach is adaptable to different remote sensing technologies and provides a foundation for ascribing a sequence of ground conditions (e.g. snowmelt, vegetative growth, pollen production, insect phenology) to remotely sensed land surface phenology observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Bioclimatology
KW  - Zoology
KW  - Natural history -- Outdoor books
KW  - Bud break
KW  - Budburst
KW  - Fall
KW  - Growing season
KW  - Senescence
KW  - Spring
N1  - Accession Number: 22133858; White, Michael A. 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Aquatic, Watershed, and Earth Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Sep2006, Vol. 104 Issue 1, p43; Thesaurus Term: Phenology; Thesaurus Term: Bioclimatology; Thesaurus Term: Zoology; Subject Term: Natural history -- Outdoor books; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bud break; Author-Supplied Keyword: Budburst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fall; Author-Supplied Keyword: Growing season; Author-Supplied Keyword: Senescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spring; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Lin, Bing
T1  - Determination of spring onset and growing season leaf development using satellite measurements
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 96
EP  - 102
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: An integrated approach to retrieve microwave emissivity difference vegetation index (EDVI) over land regions has been developed from combined multi-platform/multi-sensor satellite measurements, including SSM/I measurements. A possible relationship of the remotely sensed EDVI and the leaf physiology of canopy is explored at the Harvard Forest site for two growing seasons. This study finds that the EDVI is sensitive to leaf development through vegetation water content of the crown layer of the forest canopy, and has demonstrated that the spring onset and growing season duration can be determined accurately from the time series of satellite estimated EDVI within uncertainties of approximately 3 and 7 days for spring onset and growing season duration, respectively, compared to in situ observations. The leaf growing stage can also be monitored by a normalized EDVI. EDVI retrievals from satellite generally are possible during both daytime and nighttime when it is not raining. The EDVI technique studied here may provide higher temporal resolution observations for monitoring the onset of spring, the duration of growing season, and leaf development stage compared to current operational satellite methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Microwave remote sensing
KW  - Aerial photogrammetry
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Emissivity difference vegetation index (EDVI)
KW  - Growing season duration
KW  - Leaf development
KW  - Spring onset detection
N1  - Accession Number: 22133863; Min, Qilong 1; Email Address: min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; Lin, Bing 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, United States; 2: Sciences Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; Issue Info: Sep2006, Vol. 104 Issue 1, p96; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Microwave remote sensing; Subject Term: Aerial photogrammetry; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissivity difference vegetation index (EDVI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Growing season duration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spring onset detection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Griffith, C. A.
AU  - Penteado, P.
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - Brown, R.
AU  - Boudon, V.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Clark, R.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Buratti, B.
AU  - Nicholson, P.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Coustenis, A.
AU  - Negrao, A.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
T1  - Evidence for a Polar Ethane Cloud on Titan.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 313
IS  - 5793
M3  - Article
SP  - 1620
EP  - 1622
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal the presence of a vast tropospheric cloud on Titan at latitudes 51° to 68° north and all longitudes observed (10° to 190° west). The derived characteristics indicate that this cloud is composed of ethane and forms as a result of stratospheric subsidence and the particularly cool conditions near the moon's north pole. Preferential condensation of ethane, perhaps as ice, at Titan's poles during the winters may partially explain the lack of liquid ethane oceans on Titan's surface at middle and Lower latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Ethanes
KW  - Winter
KW  - Tropospheric circulation
KW  - Stratospheric circulation
KW  - Latitude
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 23019781; Griffith, C. A. 1; Penteado, P. 1; Rannou, P. 2; Brown, R. 1; Boudon, V. 3; Baines, K. H. 4; Clark, R. 5; Drossart, P. 6; Buratti, B. 4; Nicholson, P. 7; McKay, C. P. 8; Coustenis, A. 6; Negrao, A. 2,9; Jaumann, R. 10; Affiliations: 1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA; 2: Service d'Aéronomie, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin, BP3, 91371 Verriéres le Buisson, France; 3: Laboratoire de Physique de l'Université de Bourgogne, CNRS UMR 5027, Boîte Postale 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109 USA; 5: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, 80225 USA; 6: Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Jannsen, Meudon, France; 7: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; 8: Nasional Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA; 9: Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal; 10: Institute of Planetary Exploration, Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany; Issue Info: 9/15/2006, Vol. 313 Issue 5793, p1620; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Thesaurus Term: Ethanes; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Subject Term: Tropospheric circulation; Subject Term: Stratospheric circulation; Subject Term: Latitude; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Worden, Simon "Pete"
T1  - AIR & SPACE INTERVIEW.
JO  - Air & Space Smithsonian
JF  - Air & Space Smithsonian
J1  - Air & Space Smithsonian
PY  - 2006/10//Oct/Nov2006
Y1  - 2006/10//Oct/Nov2006
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Interview
SP  - 13
EP  - 13
SN  - 08862257
AB  - The article presents an interview with Simon Worden, director of the Ames Research Center of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in California. He describes the most important contribution of Ames to returning astronauts to the moon. He explains the most significant thing achieved by any country in space since the launch of Sputnik 50 years ago. He comments on the future of space exploration.
KW  - WORDEN, Simon -- Interviews
KW  - AMES Research Center
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - RUSSIAN artificial satellites
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 22536590; Source Information: Oct/Nov2006, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p13; Subject Term: WORDEN, Simon -- Interviews; Subject Term: AMES Research Center; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: RUSSIAN artificial satellites; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: CALIFORNIA; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 3/4p; ; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; ; Document Type: Interview; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moisander, Pia H.
AU  - Shiue, Lily
AU  - Steward, Grieg F.
AU  - Jenkins, Bethany D.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Zehr, Jonathan P.
T1  - Application of a nifH oligonucleotide microarray for profiling diversity of N2-fixing microorganisms in marine microbial mats.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1721
EP  - 1735
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Diazotrophic community structure in microbial mats from Guerrero Negro (GN), Baja California, Mexico, was studied using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nifH gene and a newly developed nifH oligonucleotide microarray. Ninety-six oligonucleotide probes designed for nifH sequences from cultivated isolates and the environment were printed on glass microarrays. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the probes represented all of the main nifH clusters. Specificity was tested by (i) evaluation of cross hybridization using individual targets, and (ii) comparison of the observed hybridization signals and those predicted from the sequences cloned from microbial mats. Signal intensity had a positive relationship with target concentration and the percentage identity between probe and target. Under moderate stringency and high target concentration, specificity of the probes varied from 77% to 100% with the individual targets tested. At the end of a 7-month long nutrient manipulation experiment in GN microbial mats, no expression of nitrogen fixation under nitrogen loading was detected, although a diverse community of diazotrophs was detected. The diversity in diazotrophic population present was higher than in the population expressing the nifH gene, and there were taxa specific differences in response to nutrients. The nifH microarray is a powerful tool for diazotroph community analysis in the marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Marine ecology
KW  - Microbial aggregation
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - DNA polymerases
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
N1  - Accession Number: 22165021; Moisander, Pia H. 1; Email Address: pmoisander@pmc.ucsc.edu; Shiue, Lily 2; Steward, Grieg F. 3; Jenkins, Bethany D. 4; Bebout, Brad M. 5; Zehr, Jonathan P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 2: Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 3: Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 4: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 316 Morrill Hall, 45 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; 5: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2006, Vol. 8 Issue 10, p1721; Thesaurus Term: Marine ecology; Thesaurus Term: Microbial aggregation; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Subject Term: DNA polymerases; Subject Term: Polymerase chain reaction; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01108.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Underwood, E. C.
AU  - Mulitsch, M. J.
AU  - Greenberg, J. A.
AU  - Whiting, M. L.
AU  - Ustin, S. L.
AU  - Kefauver, S. C.
T1  - Mapping Invasive Aquatic Vegetation in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta using Hyperspectral Imagery.
JO  - Environmental Monitoring & Assessment
JF  - Environmental Monitoring & Assessment
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 121
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 64
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01676369
AB  - The ecological and economic impacts associated with invasive species are of critical concern to land managers. The ability to map the extent and severity of invasions would be a valuable contribution to management decisions relating to control and monitoring efforts. We investigated the use of hyperspectral imagery for mapping invasive aquatic plant species in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in the Central Valley of California, at two spatial scales. Sixty-four flightlines of HyMap hyperspectral imagery were acquired over the study region covering an area of 2,139 km2 and field work was conducted to acquire GPS locations of target invasive species. We used spectral mixture analysis to classify two target invasive species; Brazilian waterweed ( Egeria densa), a submerged invasive, and water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes), a floating emergent invasive. At the relatively fine spatial scale for five sites within the Delta (average size 51 ha) average classification accuracies were 93% for Brazilian waterweed and 73% for water hyacinth. However, at the coarser, Delta-wide scale (177,000 ha) these accuracy results were 29% for Brazilian waterweed and 65% for water hyacinth. The difference in accuracy is likely accounted for by the broad range in water turbidity and tide heights encountered across the Delta. These findings illustrate that hyperspectral imagery is a promising tool for discriminating target invasive species within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta waterways although more work is needed to develop classification tools that function under changing environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Monitoring & Assessment is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Egeria densa
KW  - Invasive plants
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Aquatic biodiversity
KW  - Eichhornia
KW  - Water hyacinth -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Imaging systems in meteorology
KW  - California
KW  - United States
KW  - Brazilian waterweed
KW  - Eichhornia crassipes
KW  - HyMap
KW  - hyperspectral imagery
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - spectral mixture analysis
KW  - submerged aquatic vegetation
KW  - water hyacinth
N1  - Accession Number: 22808517; Underwood, E. C. 1,2; Email Address: eunderwoodrussell@ucdavis.edu; Mulitsch, M. J. 1; Greenberg, J. A. 1,3; Whiting, M. L. 1; Ustin, S. L. 1; Kefauver, S. C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing (CSTARS), University of California, Davis, California; 2: Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, Davis, 95616; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Oct2006, Vol. 121 Issue 1-3, p47; Thesaurus Term: Egeria densa; Thesaurus Term: Invasive plants; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Aquatic biodiversity; Subject Term: Eichhornia; Subject Term: Water hyacinth -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Imaging systems in meteorology; Subject: California; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazilian waterweed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eichhornia crassipes; Author-Supplied Keyword: HyMap; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperspectral imagery; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectral mixture analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: submerged aquatic vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: water hyacinth; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10661-005-9106-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chulmin Han
AU  - Huang, John
AU  - Kai Chang
T1  - Cassegrain Offset Subreflector-Fed X/Ka Dual-Band Reflectarray With Thin Membranes.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2006/10//
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2838
EP  - 2844
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - The development of a 0.75-m Cassegrain offset subreflector-fed X/Ka dual-band reflectarray antenna is presented. The subreflector (SR) is fabricated using combinations of prescribed geometric parameters and two left-hand circularly polarized microstrip patch arrays are designed as feed networks with one covering X-band and the other covering Ka-band. The phase corrections in the reflectarray required to form a planar phase front are realized by rotating microstrip ring elements. Low-dielectric constant foam layers are inserted below both the X- and Ka-band membranes to act as support structures and to minimize the degrading effects of thin substrates. It is believed that this is the first Cassegrain offset-fed reflectarray ever been developed. The measured results show efficiencies around 50 % for both frequency bands with room for improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - APERTURE antennas
KW  - PHASE shifters
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
N1  - Accession Number: 22793317; Source Information: Oct2006, Vol. 54 Issue 10, p2838; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: APERTURE antennas; Subject Term: PHASE shifters; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2006.882176
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Collin
AU  - Hummel, John E.
T1  - Familiar Interacting Object Pairs Are Perceptually Grouped.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1107
EP  - 1119
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Identification of objects in a scene may be influenced by functional relations among those objects. In this study, observers indicated whether a target object matched a label. Each target was presented with a distractor object, and these were sometimes arranged to interact (as if being used together) and sometimes not to interact. When the distractor was semantically related to the label, identification was more accurate for targets arranged to interact with that distractor. This effect depended on observers' ability to perceptually integrate the stimulus objects, suggesting that it was perceptual in nature. The effect was not attributable to attentional cuing and did not depend on expectation of certain object pairs. These data suggest that familiar functional groupings of objects are perceptually grouped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL psychology
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - IDENTIFICATION (Psychology)
KW  - SENSORY stimulation
KW  - context effects
KW  - functional group
KW  - object recognition
KW  - perceptual grouping
KW  - scene perception
N1  - Accession Number: 22566460; Green, Collin 1; Email Address: cgreen@arc.nasa.gov; Hummel, John E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Human Factors Research & Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000.; 2: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign.; Issue Info: Oct2006, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p1107; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL psychology; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: IDENTIFICATION (Psychology); Subject Term: SENSORY stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: context effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: functional group; Author-Supplied Keyword: object recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: perceptual grouping; Author-Supplied Keyword: scene perception; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0096-1523.32.5.1107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Earl G.
AU  - Valdivia, Nicolas
AU  - Herdic, Peter C.
AU  - Klos, Jacob
T1  - Volumetric acoustic vector intensity imager.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 120
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1887
EP  - 1897
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A new measurement system, consisting of a mobile array of 50 microphones that form a spherical surface of radius 0.2 m, that images the acoustic intensity vector throughout a large volume is discussed. A simultaneous measurement of the pressure field across all the microphones provides time-domain holograms. Spherical harmonic expansions are used to convert the measured pressure into a volumetric vector intensity field on a grid of points ranging from the origin to a maximum radius of 0.4 m. Displays of the volumetric intensity image are used to locate noise sources outside the volume. There is no restriction on the type of noise source that can be studied. An experiment inside a Boeing 757 aircraft in flight successfully tested the ability of the array to locate flow-noise-excited sources on the fuselage. Reference transducers located on suspected noise source locations can also be used to increase the ability of this device to separate and identify multiple noise sources at a given frequency by using the theory of partial field decompositions. The frequency range of operation is 0 to 1400 Hz. This device is ideal for the diagnostic analysis of noise sources in commercial and military transportation vehicles in air, on land, and underwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND measurement
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - LOUDNESS
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
N1  - Accession Number: 22643024; Williams, Earl G. 1; Email Address: earl.williams@nrl.navy.mil; Valdivia, Nicolas 1; Herdic, Peter C. 1,2; Klos, Jacob 3; Affiliations: 1 : Acoustics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375; 2 : SFA Inc., Largo, MD 20774; 3 : NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681;  Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 120 Issue 4, p1887; Subject Term: SOUND measurement; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: LOUDNESS; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2336762
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - Rhodes, Kevin L.
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
AU  - Ewing, Stephanie A.
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Gómez-Silva, Benito
AU  - Amundson, Ronald
AU  - Friedmann, E. Imre
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Hypolithic Cyanobacteria, Dry Limit of Photosynthesis, and Microbial Ecology in the Hyperarid Atacama Desert.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 398
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00953628
AB  - The occurrence of hypolithic cyanobacteria colonizing translucent stones was quantified along the aridity gradient in the Atacama Desert in Chile, from less arid areas to the hyperarid core where photosynthetic life and thus primary production reach their limits. As mean rainfall declines from 21 to ≤2 mm year−1, the abundance of hypolithic cyanobacteria drops from 28 to <0.1%, molecular diversity declines threefold, and organic carbon residence times increase by three orders of magnitude. Communities contained a single Chroococcidiopsis morphospecies with heterotrophic associates, yet molecular analysis revealed that each stone supported a number of unique 16S rRNA gene-defined genotypes. A fivefold increase in steady-state residence times for organic carbon within communities in the hyperarid core (3200 years turnover time) indicates a significant decline in biological carbon cycling. Six years of microclimate data suggest that the dry limit corresponds to ≤5 mm year−1 rainfall and/or decadal periods of no rain, with <75 h year−1 of liquid water available to cyanobacteria under light conditions suitable for photosynthesis. In the hyperarid core, hypolithic cyanobacteria are rare and exist in small spatially isolated islands amidst a microbially depauperate bare soil. These findings suggest that photosynthetic life is extremely unlikely on the present-day surface of Mars, but may have existed in the past. If so, such microhabitats would probably be widely dispersed, difficult to detect, and millimeters away from virtually lifeless surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
N1  - Accession Number: 23268469; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 1,2; Email Address: kwarrenrhodes@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Rhodes, Kevin L. 3; Pointing, Stephen B. 4; Ewing, Stephanie A. 2; Lacap, Donnabella C. 4; Gómez-Silva, Benito 5; Amundson, Ronald 2; Friedmann, E. Imre 1; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Ecosystem Sciences Division, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 3: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, The University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; 4: Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; 5: Departmento de Biomédico and Instituto del Desierto, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Issue Info: Oct2006, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p389; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-006-9055-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=23268469&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Stephan, K.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
T1  - High-resolution CASSINI-VIMS mosaics of Titan and the icy Saturnian satellites
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1146
EP  - 1155
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the CASSINI spacecraft obtained new spectral data of the icy satellites of Saturn after its arrival at Saturn in June 2004. VIMS operates in a spectral range from 0.35 to 5.2μm, generating image cubes in which each pixel represents a spectrum consisting of 352 contiguous wavebands. As an imaging spectrometer VIMS combines the characteristics of both a spectrometer and an imaging instrument. This makes it possible to analyze the spectrum of each pixel separately and to map the spectral characteristics spatially, which is important to study the relationships between spectral information and geological and geomorphologic surface features. The spatial analysis of the spectral data requires the determination of the exact geographic position of each pixel on the specific surface and that all 352 spectral elements of each pixel show the same region of the target. We developed a method to reproject each pixel geometrically and to convert the spectral data into map projected image cubes. This method can also be applied to mosaic different VIMS observations. Based on these mosaics, maps of the spectral properties for each Saturnian satellite can be derived and attributed to geographic positions as well as to geological and geomorphologic surface features. These map-projected mosaics are the basis for all further investigations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Imaging spectroscopy
KW  - Map projection
KW  - Mosaics
KW  - Saturnian satellites
KW  - VIMS
N1  - Accession Number: 22636582; Jaumann, R. 1; Email Address: ralf.jaumann@dlr.de; Stephan, K. 1; Brown, R.H. 2; Buratti, B.J. 3; Clark, R.N. 4; McCord, T.B. 5; Coradini, A. 6; Capaccioni, F. 7; Filacchione, G. 7; Cerroni, P. 7; Baines, K.H. 3; Bellucci, G. 6; Bibring, J.-P. 8; Combes, M. 9; Cruikshank, D.P. 10; Drossart, P. 9; Formisano, V. 6; Langevin, Y. 8; Matson, D.L. 3; Nelson, R.M. 3; Affiliations: 1: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; 2: Department Planetary Science and LPL, University of AZ, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: USGS, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA; 5: Planetary Science Institute, 22 Fiddler's Rd., Winthrop, WA 98862-0667, USA; 6: Istituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy; 7: Instituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy; 8: Universite de Paris Sud-Orsay, IAS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; 9: Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5 Place Jules Jannsen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France; 10: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Oct2006, Vol. 54 Issue 12, p1146; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Map projection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mosaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturnian satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: VIMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spilker, Linda J.
AU  - Pilorz, Stuart H.
AU  - Wallis, Brad D.
AU  - Pearl, John C.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Brooks, Shawn M.
AU  - Altobelli, Nicolas
AU  - Edgington, Scott G.
AU  - Showalter, Mark
AU  - Michael Flasar, F.
AU  - Ferrari, Cecile
AU  - Leyrat, Cedric
T1  - Cassini thermal observations of Saturn's main rings: Implications for particle rotation and vertical mixing
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1167
EP  - 1176
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: In late 2004 and 2005 the Cassini composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) obtained spatially resolved thermal infrared radial scans of Saturn''s main rings (A, B and C, and Cassini Division) that show ring temperatures decreasing with increasing solar phase angle, α, on both the lit and unlit faces of the ring plane. These temperature differences suggest that Saturn''s main rings include a population of ring particles that spin slowly, with a spin period greater than 3.6h, given their low thermal inertia. The A ring shows the smallest temperature variation with α, and this variation decreases with distance from the planet. This suggests an increasing number of smaller, and/or more rapidly rotating ring particles with more uniform temperatures, resulting perhaps from stirring by the density waves in the outer A ring and/or self-gravity wakes. The temperatures of the A and B rings are correlated with their optical depth, τ, when viewed from the lit face, and anti-correlated when viewed from the unlit face. On the unlit face of the B ring, not only do the lowest temperatures correlate with the largest τ, these temperatures are also the same at both low and high α, suggesting that little sunlight is penetrating these regions. The temperature differential from the lit to the unlit side of the rings is a strong, nearly linear, function of optical depth. This is consistent with the expectation that little sunlight penetrates to the dark side of the densest rings, but also suggests that little vertical mixing of ring particles is taking place in the A and B rings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sunshine
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Cassini composite infrared spectrometer
KW  - Saturn's rings
KW  - Thermal ring measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 22636590; Spilker, Linda J. 1; Email Address: Linda.J.Spilker@jpl.nasa.gov; Pilorz, Stuart H. 1; Wallis, Brad D. 1; Pearl, John C. 2; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 3; Brooks, Shawn M. 1; Altobelli, Nicolas 1; Edgington, Scott G. 1; Showalter, Mark 4; Michael Flasar, F. 2; Ferrari, Cecile 5; Leyrat, Cedric 5; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: Goddard Spaceflight Center; 3: NASA Ames Research Center; 4: SETI Institute; 5: AIM, CEA Saclay & University Paris 7; Issue Info: Oct2006, Vol. 54 Issue 12, p1167; Thesaurus Term: Sunshine; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini composite infrared spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn's rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal ring measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.033
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=22636590&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferguson, Dale C.
AU  - Vayner, Boris V.
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
AU  - Hillard, G. Barry
AU  - Vaughn, Jason
AU  - Schneider, Todd
T1  - NASA GRC and MSFC Space Plasma Arc Testing Procedures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2006/10/02/Oct2006 Part 2 Of 4
Y1  - 2006/10/02/Oct2006 Part 2 Of 4
VL  - 34
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1948
EP  - 1958
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Tests of arcing and current collection in simulated-space-plasma conditions have been performed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, OH, for over 30 years and at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, AL, for almost as long. During this period, proper test conditions for an accurate and meaningful space simulation have been worked out, comparisons with actual space performance in spaceflight tests and with real operational satellites have been made, and NASA has achieved the authors' own internal standards for test protocols. It is the purpose of this paper to communicate the test conditions, test procedures, and types of analysis used at the NASA GRC and MSFC to the space environmental testing community at large, to help with international space-plasma arcing-testing standardization. Discussed herein are the neutral gas conditions, plasma densities and uniformity, vacuum chamber sizes, sample sizes and Debye lengths, biasing samples versus self-generated voltages, floating samples versus grounded samples, test electrical conditions, arc detection, preventing sustained discharges during testing, real samples versus idealized samples, validity of low Earth orbit tests for geosynchronous Earth orbit samples, extracting arc threshold information from an arc rate versus voltage tests, snapover, current collection and glows at the positive sample bias, Kapton pyrolysis, thresholds for trigger arcs, sustained arcs, dielectric breakdown and Paschen discharge, tether arcing and testing in very dense plasmas (i.e., thruster plumes), arc mitigation strategies, charging mitigation strategies, models, and analysis of test results. Finally, the necessity of testing will be emphasized, not to the exclusion of modeling, but as part of a complete strategy for determining when and if arcs will occur, and preventing them from occurring in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PLASMA sheaths
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - TESTING
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
N1  - Accession Number: 23838594; Source Information: Oct2006 Part 2 Of 4, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p1948; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PLASMA sheaths; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2006.879093
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=23838594&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, W.
AU  - Shabanov, N.V.
AU  - Huang, D.
AU  - Wang, W.
AU  - Dickinson, R.E.
AU  - Nemani, R.R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Y.
AU  - Myneni, R.B.
T1  - Analysis of leaf area index products from combination of MODIS Terra and Aqua data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/10/15/
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 312
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: A prototype product suite, containing the Terra 8-day, Aqua 8-day, Terra–Aqua combined 8- and 4-day products, was generated as part of testing for the next version (Collection 5) of the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index (LAI) products. These products were analyzed for consistency between Terra and Aqua retrievals over the following data subsets in North America: single 8-day composite over the whole continent and annual time series over three selected MODIS tiles (1200×1200 km). The potential for combining retrievals from the two sensors to derive improved products by reducing the impact of environmental conditions and temporal compositing period was also explored. The results suggest no significant discrepancies between large area (from continent to MODIS tile) averages of the Terra and Aqua 8-day LAI and surface reflectances products. The differences over smaller regions, however, can be large due to the random nature of residual atmospheric effects. High quality retrievals from the radiative transfer based algorithm can be expected in 90–95% of the pixels with mostly herbaceous cover and about 50–75% of the pixels with woody vegetation during the growing season. The quality of retrievals during the growing season is mostly restricted by aerosol contamination of the MODIS data. The Terra–Aqua combined 8-day product helps to minimize this effect and increases the number of high quality retrievals by 10–20% over woody vegetation. The combined 8-day product does not improve the number of high quality retrievals during the winter period because the extent of snow contamination of Terra and Aqua observations is similar. Likewise, cloud contamination in the single-sensor and combined products is also similar. The LAI magnitudes, seasonal profiles and retrieval quality in the combined 4-day product are comparable to those in the single-sensor 8-day products. Thus, the combined 4-day product doubles the temporal resolution of the seasonal cycle, which facilitates phenology monitoring in application studies during vegetation transition periods. Both Terra and Aqua LAI products show anomalous seasonality in boreal needle leaf forests, due to limitations of the radiative transfer algorithm to model seasonal variations of MODIS surface reflectance data with respect to solar zenith angle. Finally, this study suggests that further improvement of the MODIS LAI products is mainly restricted by the accuracy of the MODIS observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Reflection (Optics)
KW  - Engineering instruments
KW  - Aqua
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Terra
N1  - Accession Number: 22474822; Yang, W. 1; Email Address: ywze@crsa.bu.edu; Shabanov, N.V. 1; Huang, D. 1; Wang, W. 1; Dickinson, R.E. 2; Nemani, R.R. 3; Knyazikhin, Y. 1; Myneni, R.B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; 2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2006, Vol. 104 Issue 3, p297; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Reflection (Optics); Subject Term: Engineering instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dufour, G.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
T1  - First space-borne measurements of methanol inside aged southern tropical to mid-latitude biomass burning plumes using the ACE-FTS instrument.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 6
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3463
EP  - 3470
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - First measurements from space of upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric methanol profiles within aged fire plumes are reported. Elevated levels of methanol at 0-45° S from 30 September to 3 November 2004 have been measured by the high resolution infrared spectrometer ACE-FTS onboard the SCISAT satellite. Methanol volume mixing ratios higher than 4000 pptv are detected and are strongly correlated with other fire products such as CO, C2H6, and HCN. A sensitivity study of the methanol retrieval, accounting for random and systematic contributions, shows that the retrieved methanol profile for a single occultation exceeds 100% error above 16.5 km, with an accuracy of about 20% for measurements inside polluted air masses. The upper tropospheric enhancement ratio of methanol with respect to CO is estimated from the correlation plot between methanol and CO for aged tropical biomass burning plumes. This ratio is in good agreement with the ratio measured in the free troposphere (up to 12 km) by recent aircraft studies and does not suggest any secondary production of methanol by oxidation in aged biomass burning plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methanol
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 22747867; Dufour, G. 1; Email Address: gaelle.dufour@lmd.polytechnique.fr; Boone, C. D. 2; Rinsland, C. P. 3; Bernath, P. F. 2; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Palaiseau, France; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2006, Vol. 6 Issue 11/12, p3463; Thesaurus Term: Methanol; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ewing, Stephanie A.
AU  - Sutter, Brad
AU  - Owen, Justine
AU  - Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
AU  - Sharp, Warren
AU  - Cliff, Steven S.
AU  - Perry, Kevin
AU  - Dietrich, William
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Amundson, Ronald
T1  - A threshold in soil formation at Earth’s arid–hyperarid transition
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 70
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 5293
EP  - 5322
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The soils of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile have long been known to contain large quantities of unusual salts, yet the processes that form these soils are not yet fully understood. We examined the morphology and geochemistry of soils on post-Miocene fans and stream terraces along a south-to-north (27° to 24° S) rainfall transect that spans the arid to hyperarid transition (21 to ∼2mm rain y−1). Landform ages are ⩾2 My based on cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations in surface boulders, and Ar isotopes in interbedded volcanic ash deposits near the driest site indicate a maximum age of 2.1My. A chemical mass balance analysis that explicitly accounts for atmospheric additions was used to quantify net changes in mass and volume as a function of rainfall. In the arid (21mmrainy−1) soil, total mass loss to weathering of silicate alluvium and dust (−1030kgm−2) is offset by net addition of salts (+170kgm−2). The most hyperarid soil has accumulated 830kgm−2 of atmospheric salts (including 260kg sulfate m−2 and 90kgchloridem−2), resulting in unusually high volumetric expansion (120%) for a soil of this age. The composition of both airborne particles and atmospheric deposition in passive traps indicates that the geochemistry of the driest soil reflects accumulated atmospheric influxes coupled with limited in-soil chemical transformation and loss. Long-term rates of atmospheric solute addition were derived from the ion inventories in the driest soil, divided by the landform age, and compared to measured contemporary rates. With decreasing rainfall, the soil salt inventories increase, and the retained salts are both more soluble and present at shallower depths. All soils generally exhibit vertical variation in their chemistry, suggesting slow and stochastic downward water movement, and greater climate variability over the past 2My than is reflected in recent (∼100y) rainfall averages. The geochemistry of these soils shows that the transition from arid to hyperarid rainfall levels marks a fundamental geochemical threshold: in wetter soils, the rate and character of chemical weathering results in net mass loss and associated volumetric collapse after 105 to 106 years, while continuous accumulation of atmospheric solutes in hyperarid soils over similar timescales results in dramatic volumetric expansion. The specific geochemistry of hyperarid soils is a function of atmospheric sources, and is expected to vary accordingly at other hyperarid sites. This work identifies key processes in hyperarid soil formation that are likely to be independent of location, and suggests that analogous processes may occur on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil formation
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
N1  - Accession Number: 22944269; Ewing, Stephanie A. 1; Email Address: saewing@nature.berkeley.edu; Sutter, Brad 2; Owen, Justine 1; Nishiizumi, Kunihiko 3; Sharp, Warren 4; Cliff, Steven S. 5; Perry, Kevin 6; Dietrich, William 7; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Amundson, Ronald 1; Affiliations: 1: Division of Ecosystem Sciences, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 4: Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Rd., Berkeley, CA 94709, USA; 5: Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; 6: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McCone Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 70 Issue 21, p5293; Thesaurus Term: Soil formation; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=22944269&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schiffman, Peter
AU  - Zierenberg, Robert
AU  - Marks, Naomi
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Dyar, M. Darby
T1  - Acid-fog deposition at Kilauea volcano: A possible mechanism for the formation of siliceous-sulfate rock coatings on Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 34
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 921
EP  - 924
SN  - 00917613
AB  - On the summit of Kilauea volcano, sulfur dioxide, which is continuously emitted from Halemaumau crater and rapidly sequestered into sulfuric-acid-rich aerosol entrained in the prevailing trade winds, is subsequently precipitated as acid fog immediately downwind from Kilauea caldera in the Kau Desert. The characteristic pH of surface tephra deposits is <4.0 in Sand Wash, a region of nearly continuous, acidic aerosol fallout immediately southwest of the caldera. Vertical exposures of unconsolidated tephras of the Keanakakoi Ash found within fissures and small, dry gullies are coated with thin rock coatings of amorphous silica and jarosite. These rock coatings are formed via an evaporative mechanism whereby acidic pore fluids, circulating in the upper few meters within the highly porous tephra, are wicked toward the walls of the gullies. Geochemical modeling of the rock coating formation process implies that the sulfate formation via evaporation occurs subsequent to minimal interaction of acidic pore fluids with the basaltic tephra. This also suggests that the cycle from acid-fog fallout to precipitation of the siliceous-sulfate rock coatings must occur quite rapidly. Acid-fog deposition of sulfate and silica at Kilauea may provide one mechanism for the origin of jarosite-bearing outcrops on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fog
KW  - Sedimentation & deposition
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Volcanic gases
KW  - Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - Siliceous rocks
KW  - Formations (Geology)
KW  - Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii)
KW  - Hawaii
KW  - amorphous silica
KW  - jarosite
KW  - Kilauea
KW  - Mars
KW  - rock coatings
KW  - weathering
N1  - Accession Number: 22979823; Schiffman, Peter 1; Zierenberg, Robert 1; Marks, Naomi 1; Bishop, Janice L. 2; Dyar, M. Darby 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616 California, USA; 2: The SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, 515 N. Whisman Rd., Mountain View, California, USA; 3: Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 34 Issue 11, p921; Thesaurus Term: Fog; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentation & deposition; Thesaurus Term: Sulfur dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Volcanic gases; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: Siliceous rocks; Subject Term: Formations (Geology); Subject: Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii); Subject: Hawaii; Author-Supplied Keyword: amorphous silica; Author-Supplied Keyword: jarosite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kilauea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: rock coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: weathering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G22620A.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=22979823&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Markus, Thorsten
AU  - Cavalieri, Donald J.
AU  - Gasiewski, Albin J.
AU  - Klein, Marian
AU  - Maslanik, James A.
AU  - Powell, Dylan C.
AU  - Stankov, B. Boba
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne C.
AU  - Sturm, Matthew
T1  - Microwave Signatures of Snow on Sea Ice: Observations.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3081
EP  - 3090
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Part of the Earth Observing System Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) Arctic sea ice validation campaign in March 2003 was dedicated to the validation of snow depth on sea ice and ice temperature products. The difficulty with validating these two variables is that neither can currently be measured other than in situ. For this reason, two aircraft flights on March 13 and 19, 2003, were dedicated to these products, and flight lines were coordinated with in situ measurements of snow and sea ice physical properties. One flight was in the vicinity of Barrow, AK, covering Elson Lagoon and the adjacent Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The other flight was farther north in the Beaufort Sea (about 730 N, 147.5° W) and was coordinated with a Navy ice camp. The results confirm the AMSR-E snow depth algorithm and its coefficients for first-year ice when it is relatively smooth. For rough first-year ice and for multiyear ice, there is still a relationship between the spectral gradient ratio of 19 and 37 GHz, but a different set of algorithm coefficients is necessary. Comparisons using other AMSR-E channels did not provide a clear signature of sea ice characteristics and, hence, could not provide guidance for the choice of algorithm coefficients. The limited comparison of in situ snow-ice interface and surface temperatures with 6-GHz brightness temperatures, which are used for the retrieval of ice temperature, shows that the 6-GHz temperature is correlated with the snow-ice interface temperature to only a limited extent. For strong temperature gradients within the snow layer, it is clear that the 6-GHz temperature is a weighted average of the entire snow layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE devices
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - ICE navigation
KW  - SNOW
KW  - Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR)
KW  - passive microwave
KW  - sea ice
KW  - snow on sea ice
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 23154478; Markus, Thorsten 1; Email Address: Thorsten.Markus@nasa.gov; Cavalieri, Donald J. 2; Gasiewski, Albin J. 3; Klein, Marian 4; Maslanik, James A. 5; Powell, Dylan C. 6,7; Stankov, B. Boba 8; Stroeve, Julienne C. 9; Sturm, Matthew 10; Affiliations: 1: Hydrospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 3: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 4: Environmental Technology Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305 USA; 5: Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 6: Department of Physics and the Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 20715 USA; 7: Earth observing Systems, Lockheed Martin, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA; 8: Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305 USA; 9: National Show and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 10: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory-Alaska, Fort Wainwright, AK 99703 USA; Issue Info: Nov2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p3081; Subject Term: MICROWAVE devices; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: ICE navigation; Subject Term: SNOW; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR); Author-Supplied Keyword: passive microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow on sea ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.883134
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=23154478&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne C.
AU  - Markus, Thorsten
AU  - Maslanik, James A.
AU  - Cavalieri, Donald J.
AU  - Gasiewski, Albin J.
AU  - Heinrichs, John F.
AU  - Holmgren, Jon
AU  - Perovich, Donald K.
AU  - Sturm, Matthew
T1  - Impact of Surface Roughness on AMSR-E Sea Ice Products.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3103
EP  - 3117
SN  - 01962892
AB  - This paper examines the sensitivity of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) brightness temperatures (Tbs) to surface roughness by a using radiative transfer model to simulate AMSR-E Tbs as a function of incidence angle at which the surface is viewed. The simulated Tbs are then used to examine the influence that surface roughness has on two operational sea ice algorithms, namely: 1) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Team (NT) algorithm and 2) the enhanced NT algorithm, as well as the impact of roughness on the AMSR-E snow depth algorithm. Surface snow and ice data collected during the AMSR-Ice03 field campaign held in March 2003 near Barrow, AK, were used to force the radiative transfer model, and resultant modeled Tbs are compared with airborne passive microwave observations from the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer. Results indicate that passive microwave Tbs are very sensitive even to small variations in incidence angle, which can cause either an over- or underestimation of the true amount of sea ice in the pixel area viewed. For example, this paper showed that if the sea ice areas modeled in this paper were assumed to be completely smooth, sea ice concentrations were underestimated by nearly 14% using the NT sea ice algorithm and by 7% using the enhanced NT algorithm. A comparison of polarization ratios (PRs) at 10.7, 18.7, and 37 GHz indicates that each channel responds to different degrees of surface roughness and suggests that the PR at 10.7 GHz can be useful for identifying locations of heavily ridged or rubbled ice. Using the PR at 10.7 GHz to derive an "effective" viewing angle, which is used as a proxy for surface roughness, resulted in more accurate retrievals of sea ice concentration for both algorithms. The AMSR-E snow depth algorithm was found to be extremely sensitive to instrument calibration and sensor viewing angle, and it is concluded that more work is needed to investigate the sensitivity of the gradient ratio at 37 and 18.7 GHz to these factors to improve snow depth retrievals from spaceborne passive microwave sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE devices
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY
KW  - ICE navigation
KW  - ICE
KW  - Passive microwave
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - sea ice
N1  - Accession Number: 23154480; Stroeve, Julienne C. 1; Email Address: stroeve@kodiak.colorado.edu; Markus, Thorsten 2; Maslanik, James A. 3; Cavalieri, Donald J. 2; Gasiewski, Albin J. 4; Heinrichs, John F. 5; Holmgren, Jon 6; Perovich, Donald K. 7; Sturm, Matthew 6; Affiliations: 1: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 3: Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 4: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; 5: Department of Geosciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601 USA; 6: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory-Alaska, Fort Wainwright, AK 99703 USA; 7: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; Issue Info: Nov2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p3103; Subject Term: MICROWAVE devices; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ICE navigation; Subject Term: ICE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Passive microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea ice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.880619
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=23154480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walter, Bernard
AU  - Cavalieri, Donald J.
AU  - Lee Thornhill, K.
AU  - Gasiewski, Albin J.
T1  - Aircraft Measurements of Heat Fluxes Over Wind-Driven Coastal Polynyas in the Bering Sea.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3118
EP  - 3134
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The first estimates of the average bulk heat transfer coefficient for Arctic sea ice are presented as a function of mean ice thickness. Turbulent heat flux measurements made by the NASA P-3 over the St. Lawrence Island polynya (SLIP) and Kuskokwim Bay in the Bering Sea during AMSR-Ice03 were used to estimate the values of the heat transfer coefficient CH. Estimates of ice thickness were made from the algorithm of Perovich et al. using broadband albedos obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data. Plots of CH as a function of ice thickness showed a nearly linear relationship for ice thicknesses in the range of 0-14 cm in the polynyas. Previous estimates of CH for different cases over the SLIP were 1.2 × 10-3, but no estimates of ice thickness were available. These results will allow more accurate estimates of heat fluxes from the thin-ice areas of polynyas using satellite retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ANALYSIS of covariance
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - ICE
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - covariance analysis
KW  - meteorology
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - sea ice
N1  - Accession Number: 23154481; Walter, Bernard 1; Email Address: walter@nwra.com; Cavalieri, Donald J. 2; Email Address: Donald.J.Cavalieri@nasa.gov; Lee Thornhill, K. 3; Gasiewski, Albin J. 4; Affiliations: 1: NorthWest Research Associates, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; 3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; 4: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Issue Info: Nov2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p3118; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: ANALYSIS of covariance; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: ICE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: covariance analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea ice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 6 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.883348
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=23154481&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li Li
AU  - Sweet, Barbara T.
AU  - Stone, Leland S.
T1  - Active Control With an Isoluminant Displays.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 36
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1124
EP  - 1134
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Humans perceive isoluminant visual stimuli (i.e., stimuli that show little or no luminance variation across space) to move more slowly than their luminance-defined counterparts. To explore whether impaired motion perception at isoluminance also affects visuomotor control tasks, the authors examined the performance as humans actively controlled a moving line. They tested two types of displays matched for an overall salience: a luminant display composed of a luminance-defined Gaussian-blurred horizontal line and an isoluminant display composed of a color-defined line with the same spatial characteristics, but near-zero luminance information. Six subjects were asked to use a joystick to keep the line centered on a cathode ray tube display as its vertical position was perturbed pseudorandomly by a sum of ten sinusoids under two control regimes (velocity and acceleration control). The mean root mean square position error was larger for the isoluminant than for the luminant line (mean across subjects: 22% and 29% larger, for the two regimes, respectively). The describing functions (Bode plots) showed that, compared to the luminant line, the isoluminant line showed a lower open-loop gain (mean decrease: 3.4 and 2.9 dB, respectively) and an increase in phase lag, which can be accounted for by an increase in reaction time (mean increase: 103 and 155 ms, respectively). The performance data are generally well fit by McRuer et al.'s classical crossover model. In conclusion, both our model-independent and model-dependent analyses show that the selective loss of luminance information impairs human active control performance, which is consistent with the preferential loss of information from cortical visual motion processing pathways. Display engineers must therefore be mindful of the importance of luminance-contrast per se (not just total stimulus salience) in the design of effective visual displays for closed-loop active control tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION display systems
KW  - MOTION perception (Vision)
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - CATHODE rays
KW  - OPTICAL computer equipment
KW  - Chromatic Display
KW  - contrast
KW  - manual control
KW  - one-dimensional (1-D) motion
KW  - Speed Perception
N1  - Accession Number: 22941230; Li Li 1; Email Address: lili@hku.hk; Sweet, Barbara T. 2; Email Address: bsweet@rnail.arc.nasa.gov; Stone, Leland S. 2; Email Address: lstone@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR; 2: Human-Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 36 Issue 6, p1124; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION display systems; Subject Term: MOTION perception (Vision); Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: CATHODE rays; Subject Term: OPTICAL computer equipment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chromatic Display; Author-Supplied Keyword: contrast; Author-Supplied Keyword: manual control; Author-Supplied Keyword: one-dimensional (1-D) motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed Perception; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2006.878951
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=22941230&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Viken, Sally A.
AU  - Brooks, Frederick M.
AU  - Johnson, Sally C.
T1  - Overview of the Small Aircraft Transportation System Project Four Enabling Operating Capabilities.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1602
EP  - 1602
SN  - 00218669
AB  - It has become evident that our commercial air transportation system is reaching its peak in terms of capacity, with numerous delays in the system and the demand still steadily increasing. NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the National Consortium for Aviation Mobility have partnered together to aid in increasing the mobility throughout the United States through the Small Aircraft Transportation System project. This project has been a five-year effort to provide the technical and economic basis for further national investment and policy decisions to support a small aircraft transportation system. The project vision has been to enable people and goods to have the convenience of on-demand point-to-point travel, anywhere, anytime for both personal and business travel. The project has focused its efforts on four key operating capabilities that have addressed new emerging technologies, procedures, and concepts to pave the way for small aircraft to operate in near all-weather conditions at virtually any runway in the United States. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of the technical and operational feasibility of the four operating capabilities and explain how they can enable a small aircraft transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AVIATION policy
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics -- United States
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry -- Finance
KW  - AIR travel
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 23632218; Source Information: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1602; Subject Term: AVIATION policy; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics -- United States; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry -- Finance; Subject Term: AIR travel; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.20595
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=23632218&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Daniel M.
AU  - Murdoch, Jennifer L.
AU  - Adams, Catherine H.
T1  - Small Aircraft Transportation System Higher Volume Operations Flight Experiment.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1613
EP  - 1613
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper summarizes findings from the Small Aircraft Transportation System Higher Volume Operations Flight Experiment. The higher volume operations concept improves efficiency at nontowered, nonradar airports in instrument meteorological conditions. The success of the higher volume operations concept is based on pilot acceptability as determined through objective and subjective assessments when compared with the procedural control operations in use today at nontowered, nonradar-controlled airfields in instrument meteorological conditions. Flight experiment data indicate that the concept is viable. The experiment, flown on a general aviation aircraft, used a subset of the Higher Volume Operations Simulation Experiment scenarios and evaluation pilots to validate the simulation experiment results. Results reveal that all 12 low-time instrument-rated pilots preferred Small Aircraft Transportation System Higher Volume Operations when compared with current procedural separation operations. These pilots also flew the higher volume operations procedures safely and proficiently without additional workload in comparison to today's system. Detailed results of pilot flight technical error and their subjective assessments of workload and situation awareness are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AIR travel
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments
KW  - AIRPORTS
N1  - Accession Number: 23632219; Source Information: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1613; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AIR travel; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments; Subject Term: AIRPORTS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.20403
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, Brett
AU  - Britcher, Colin
AU  - Kassaye, Yenew
AU  - Roy, John
AU  - Krizansky, Michael
AU  - Acheson, Michael
T1  - Trajectory Management Concepts for Future Small Aircraft Transportation Systems.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1643
EP  - 1643
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Methodology for construction and implementation of in-flight trajectory management systems for vehicles participating in future small aircraft transportation systems is considered. The small aircraft transportation systems concept is a modern regional airspace system exploiting integration of key airborne and ground infrastructure technologies to facilitate efficiency and safety improved operations at noncontrolled public-use airports. An area where new trajectory management guidance systems may provide significant benefit is the transition between en route flight and the terminal airspace boundary, or possibly interior terminal airspace navigation fix points, for both approach and departure. Energy state theory and space-time curve geometry are investigated as tools for tailoring time to interface or time to land with traffic constraints. Results imply the trajectory management concepts offer significant design freedom to tailor flight paths and vehicle states for optimum performance and safety in real time. This strategy will also tend to provide practical trajectory profiles while avoiding heavy computational burdens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AVIGATION easements
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Traffic control
N1  - Accession Number: 23632223; Source Information: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1643; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AVIGATION easements; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Traffic control; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.20960
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinwolf, Alexander
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - Non-Gaussian Analysis of Turbulent Boundary Layer Fluctuating Pressure on Aircraft Skin Panels.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1662
EP  - 1662
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The purpose of the study is to investigate the probability density function of turbulent boundary layer fluctuating pressures measured on the outer sidewall of a supersonic transport aircraft and to approximate these probability density functions by analytical models. Experimental flight results show that the fluctuating pressure probability density functions differ from the Gaussian distribution even for standard smooth surface conditions. The probability density function tails are wider and longer than those of the Gaussian model. For pressure fluctuations in front of forward-facing step discontinuities, deviations from the Gaussian model are more significant and the probability density functions become asymmetrical. There is a certain spatial pattern of the skewness and kurtosis behavior depending on the distance upstream from the step. All characteristics related to non-Gaussian behavior are highly dependent upon the distance from the step and the step height, less dependent on aircraft speed, and not dependent on the fuselage location. A Hermite polynomial transform model and a piecewise-Gaussian model fit the flight data well both for the smooth and stepped conditions. The piecewise-Gaussian approximation can be additionally regarded for convenience in usage after the model is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Piloting
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
N1  - Accession Number: 23632225; Source Information: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1662; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Piloting; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.18294
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=23632225&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodward, Richard P.
AU  - Hughes, Christopher E.
AU  - Podboy, Gary G.
T1  - Fan Noise Reduction with Increased Bypass Nozzle Area.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1719
EP  - 1719
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A model turbofan was tested in the NASA Glenn 9- by 15-ft low speed wind tunnel to explore far-field acoustic effects of a variable area bypass nozzle using three fixed nozzle flows. The baseline nozzle was sized to produce maximum stage performance at cruise condition. However, wind tunnel testing is conducted near sea level condition. Therefore, to simulate and obtain performance at other operating conditions, two additional nozzles were tested--one with +5% increase in weight flow (+5.4% area increase), sized to simulate the performance at the stage design point (takeoff) condition, and the other with a +7.5% increase in weight flow (+10.9% area increase) sized for maximum weight flow at sea level condition. Measured acoustic benefits with increased nozzle area showed effective perceived noise level reductions of 2 or more dB (for a 1500 ft fan flyover with a 3.35 scale factor) while the stage thrust actually increased by 2 to 3%. Noise reductions, principally in the level of broadband noise, were observed everywhere in the far field. Laser Doppler velocimetry measurements downstream of the rotor showed that the total turbulent velocity decreased with increasing nozzle flow, which may explain the reduced rotor broadband noise levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
N1  - Accession Number: 23632230; Source Information: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1719; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.19359
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grant, Peter R.
AU  - Yam, Bonnie
AU  - Hosman, Ruud
AU  - Schroeder, Jeffery A.
T1  - Effect of Simulator Motion on Pilot Behavior and Perception.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1914
EP  - 1914
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A set of experiments were conducted on the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies flight research simulator to determine the effects of translational and yaw motion on pilot performance, workload, fidelity, pilot compensation, and motion perception for three helicopter yaw control tasks. The three control tasks were a yaw capture, a disturbance rejection task, and a tracking task. The yaw capture experiment was a duplication of an experiment previously run at a different simulator facility. The results of the yaw capture task were in general agreement with the previous study with the exception that, in the current study, yaw motion had a larger impact on pilot performance than the previous study. The current study found that translational motion improves performance and increases fidelity for all three tasks. Yaw motion increased performance for the yaw capture and disturbance rejection tasks. Translational motion generally improved fidelity and was easier to detect than yaw motion for all three tasks. Finally, if translational motion was present, the addition of yaw motion usually provided little additional benefit to performance, workload, compensation, or fidelity for all three tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Piloting
KW  - JOB performance
KW  - FLIGHT simulators
N1  - Accession Number: 23632251; Source Information: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1914; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Piloting; Subject Term: JOB performance; Subject Term: FLIGHT simulators; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.21900
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rocha, Humberto
AU  - Wu Li
AU  - Hahn, Andrew
T1  - Principal Component Regression for Fitting Wing Weight Data of Subsonic Transports.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1925
EP  - 1925
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper documents the lessons learned from fitting the wing weight data of 41 subsonic transports by a semi-empirical regression model, least polynomial interpolation, radial basis function interpolation, Kriging interpolation, Gaussian process, and principal component regression using radial basis function interpolation. The paper discusses various aspects of fitting data to a wing weight model: data scaling, variable selection, principal component analysis, subjective choice of input variables, interpolation methods, and verification of constructed wing weight models. The numerical results show that principal component regression using multiquadric radial basis function interpolation is capable of capturing physical trends buried in the wing weight data and generates the most useful wing weight model for conceptual design of subsonic transports among the tested data fitting methods. Even though the benefits of principal component regression are only demonstrated by the wing weight data fitting problem, the methodology could have significant advantages in fitting other historical or sparse data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSPORT planes -- Piloting
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - INTERPOLATION
N1  - Accession Number: 23632252; Source Information: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1925; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes -- Piloting; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.21934
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tripathi, Om Prakash
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
AU  - Lefèvre, Franck
AU  - Marchand, Marion
AU  - Pazmiño, Andrea
AU  - Hauchecorne, Alain
AU  - Goutail, Florence
AU  - Schlager, Hans
AU  - Volk, C.
AU  - Johnson, B.
AU  - König-Langlo, G.
AU  - Balestri, Stefano
AU  - Stroh, Fred
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - Jost, H. J.
AU  - Deshler, T.
AU  - von der Gathen, Peter
T1  - High resolution simulation of recent Arctic and Antarctic stratospheric chemical ozone loss compared to observations.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 226
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - Simulations of polar ozone losses were performed using the three-dimensional high-resolution (1∘ × 1∘) chemical transport model MIMOSA-CHIM. Three Arctic winters 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2002–2003 and three Antarctic winters 2001, 2002, and 2003 were considered for the study. The cumulative ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002–2003 reached around 35% at 475 K inside the vortex, as compared to more than 60% in 1999–2000. During 1999–2000, denitrification induces a maximum of about 23% extra ozone loss at 475 K as compared to 17% in 2002–2003. Unlike these two colder Arctic winters, the 2001–2002 Arctic was warmer and did not experience much ozone loss. Sensitivity tests showed that the chosen resolution of 1∘ × 1∘ provides a better evaluation of ozone loss at the edge of the polar vortex in high solar zenith angle conditions. The simulation results for ozone, ClO, HNO3, N2O, and NO y  for winters 1999–2000 and 2002–2003 were compared with measurements on board ER-2 and Geophysica aircraft respectively. Sensitivity tests showed that increasing heating rates calculated by the model by 50% and doubling the PSC (Polar Stratospheric Clouds) particle density (from 5 × 10−3 to 10−2 cm−3) refines the agreement with in situ ozone, N2O and NO y  levels. In this configuration, simulated ClO levels are increased and are in better agreement with observations in January but are overestimated by about 20% in March. The use of the Burkholder et al. (1990) Cl2O2 absorption cross-sections slightly increases further ClO levels especially in high solar zenith angle conditions. Comparisons of the modelled ozone values with ozonesonde measurement in the Antarctic winter 2003 and with Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM III) measurements in the Antarctic winters 2001 and 2002, shows that the simulations underestimate the ozone loss rate at the end of the ozone destruction period. A slightly better agreement is obtained with the use of Burkholder et al. (1990) Cl2O2 absorption cross-sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Upper atmosphere
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Arctic regions -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Antarctica -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Polar vortex
KW  - Ozonesondes
KW  - Comparison with observations
KW  - High-resolution 3-D chemical transport model
KW  - Ozone loss
KW  - Polar ozone
KW  - Sensitivity tests
N1  - Accession Number: 22978684; Tripathi, Om Prakash 1,2; Email Address: ompraka@aero.jussieu.fr; tripathi@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov; Godin-Beekmann, Sophie 1; Lefèvre, Franck 1; Marchand, Marion 1; Pazmiño, Andrea 1; Hauchecorne, Alain 1; Goutail, Florence 1; Schlager, Hans 3; Volk, C. 4; Johnson, B. 5; König-Langlo, G. 6; Balestri, Stefano 7; Stroh, Fred 8; Bui, T. P. 9; Jost, H. J. 10; Deshler, T. 11; von der Gathen, Peter 6,12; Affiliations: 1: Service d’Aéronomie – IPSL du CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France; 2: NASA û Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Table Mountain Facility, 24490 Table Mountain Road, P.O. Box: 367, Wrightwood, CA 92397, USA; 3: Institute for Atmospheric Physics, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen Germany; 4: Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt Germany; 5: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder 80305 USA; 6: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, D-27515 Bremerhaven Germany; 7: Environmental Research & Services, Sesto Fiorentino Italy; 8: Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH 52425 Juelich Germany; 9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field USA; 10: Bay Area Environmental Reserach Institute, Sonoma USA; 11: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie USA; 12: Research Department Potsdam, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43 Germany; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p205; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Thesaurus Term: Upper atmosphere; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Arctic regions -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Antarctica -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Polar vortex; Subject Term: Ozonesondes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comparison with observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-resolution 3-D chemical transport model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensitivity tests; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-006-9028-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 106142303
T1  - Nanobacteria: fact or fiction? Characteristics, detection, and medical importance of novel self-replicating, calcifying nanoparticles.
AU  - Ciftcioglu N
AU  - McKay DS
AU  - Mathew G
AU  - Kajander EO
AU  - Ciftcioglu, Neva
AU  - McKay, David S
AU  - Mathew, Grace
AU  - Kajander, E Olavi
Y1  - 2006/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 106142303. Language: English. Entry Date: 20070831. Revision Date: 20160806. Publication Type: journal article; pictorial; review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9501229. 
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Calcinosis -- Etiology
KW  - Nanotechnology
KW  - Calcinosis -- Microbiology
SP  - 385
EP  - 394
JO  - Journal of Investigative Medicine (Decker Publishing)
JF  - Journal of Investigative Medicine (Decker Publishing)
JA  - J INVEST MED
VL  - 54
IS  - 7
CY  - Hamilton, Ontario
PB  - Decker Publishing
SN  - 1081-5589
AD  - Nanobac Pharmaceuticals Inc., NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
AD  - Nanobac Pharmaceuticals Inc., NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. Neva.Ciftcioglu-1@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 17169260.
DO  - 10.2310/6650.2006.06018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luo, Yali
AU  - Krueger, Steven K.
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
T1  - Cloud Properties Simulated by a Single-Column Model. Part II: Evaluation of Cumulus Detrainment and Ice-Phase Microphysics Using a Cloud-Resolving Model.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2831
EP  - 2847
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This paper is the second in a series in which kilometer-scale-resolving observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and output from the University of California, Los Angeles/Colorado State University cloud-resolving model (CRM) are used to evaluate the single-column model (SCM) version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System model. Part I demonstrated that kilometer-scale cirrus properties analyzed by applying the SCM’s assumptions about cloud vertical overlap and horizontal homogeneity to its profiles of cloud water/ice mixing ratio, cloud fraction, and snow flux differed from the cloud radar observations while the CRM simulation reproduced most of the observed cirrus properties. The present study evaluates, through a comparison with the CRM, the SCM’s representation of detrainment from deep cumulus and ice-phase microphysics in an effort to better understand the findings of Part I. This study finds that, although the SCM’s detrainment rate profile averaged over the entire simulation period is comparable to the CRM’s, detrainment in the SCM is comparatively sporadic and vertically localized. Too much detrained ice is sublimated when first detrained. Snow formed from detrained cloud ice falls through too deep of a layer. These aspects of the SCM’s parameterizations may explain many of the differences in the cirrus properties between the SCM and the observations (or between the SCM and the CRM), and suggest several possible improvements for the SCM: 1) allowing multiple coexisting cumulus cloud types as in the original Arakawa–Schubert scheme, 2) prognostically determining the stratiform cloud fraction, and 3) explicitly predicting the snow mixing ratio. These would allow better representation of the detrainment from deep convection, better coupling of the volume of detrained air with cloud fraction, and better representation of snow flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Sublimation (Psychology)
N1  - Accession Number: 23276492; Luo, Yali 1; Email Address: yali@nianet.org; Krueger, Steven K. 2; Xu, Kuan-Man 3; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p2831; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Subject Term: Convective clouds; Subject Term: Sublimation (Psychology); Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Hazeltine, Eliot
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - What causes residual dual-task interference after practice?
JO  - Psychological Research
JF  - Psychological Research
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 494
EP  - 503
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03400727
AB  - Practice can dramatically reduce dual-task interference, but typically does not eliminate interference entirely. Residual interference after practice is especially large with certain non-preferred modality pairings (e.g., auditory–manual and visual–vocal). Does this residual interference imply the existence of a persistent central-processing bottleneck? To address this question, we transferred participants with previous dual-task practice to a psychological refractory period design. Although we observed residual dual-task costs in all four experiments, there was no evidence for a bottleneck, even with non-preferred modality pairings. We conclude that practice can eliminate the bottleneck limitation, but performance is still subject to other sources of interference, such as competition between central codes of the two tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
KW  - PRACTICE (Philosophy)
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - TASKS
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 22657602; Ruthruff, Eric 1,2; Email Address: ruthruff@unm.edu; Hazeltine, Eliot 1; Remington, Roger W. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA, USA; 2: Dept. of Psychology Logan Hall, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-1161, USA; 3: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 70 Issue 6, p494; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Subject Term: PRACTICE (Philosophy); Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00426-005-0012-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hazeltine, Eliot
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
T1  - Modality pairing effects and the response selection bottleneck.
JO  - Psychological Research
JF  - Psychological Research
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 504
EP  - 513
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03400727
AB  - The present experiment examined the effects of input/output modality pairings on dual-task performance using the psychological refractory period (PRP) procedure. Four groups of participants performed two tasks composed of the same sets of inputs (visual and auditory) and the same sets of outputs (manual and vocal), but with different input/output modality pairings. Whereas modality pairings had only small effects on single-task reaction times, they had large effects on dual-task reaction times. The modality pairing effect cannot stem from differences in the difficulty of stimulus classification or response execution, because these task demands were the same across groups. The effect also does not appear to result from changes in stimulus–response compatibility. The present findings suggest dual-task interference arises not only from postponement of central operations (due to a central bottleneck), but also from a slowing of central operations whose magnitude is sensitive to the input/output modality pairings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LOGIC
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL psychology
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments
KW  - MODALITY (Logic)
KW  - Central bottleneck
KW  - Dual-task
KW  - Modalities
KW  - Psychological refractory period
KW  - Response selection
N1  - Accession Number: 22657605; Hazeltine, Eliot; Email Address: eliot-hazeltine@uiowa.edu; Ruthruff, Eric 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 70 Issue 6, p504; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: LOGIC; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL psychology; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments; Subject Term: MODALITY (Logic); Author-Supplied Keyword: Central bottleneck; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dual-task; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modalities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Psychological refractory period; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response selection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00426-005-0017-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feihua Yang
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - A.-Xing Zhu
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Prediction of Continental-Scale Evapotranspiration by Combining MODIS and AmeriFlux Data Through Support Vector Machine.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/11/02/Nov2006 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3452
EP  - 3461
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Application of remote sensing data to extrapolate evapotranspiration (ET) measured at eddy covariance flux towers is a potentially powerful method to estimate continental-scale ET. In support of this concept, we used meteorological and flux data from the AmeriFlux network and an inductive machine learning technique called support vector machine (SVM) to develop a predictive ET model. The model was then applied to the conterminous U.S. In this process, we first trained the SVM to predict 2000-2002 ET measurements from 25 AmeriFlux sites using three remotely sensed variables [land surface temperature, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and land cover] and one ground-measured variable (surface shortwave radiation). Second, we evaluated the model performance by predicting ET for 19 flux sites in 2003. In this independent evaluation, the SVM predicted ET with a root-mean-square error (rmse) of 0.62 mm/day (approximately 23% of the mean observed values) and an R2 of 0.75. The rmse from SVM was significantly smaller than that from neural network and multiple-regression approaches in a cross-validation experiment. Among the explanatory variables, EVI was the most important factor. Indeed, removing this variable induced an rmse increase from 0.54 to 0.77 mm/day. Third, with forcings from remote sensing data alone, we used the SVM model to predict the spatial and temporal distributions of ET for the conterminous U.S. for 2004. The SVM model captured the spatial and temporal variations of ET at a continental scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AmeriFlux
KW  - evapotranspiration (ET)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - support vector machines (SVMs)
N1  - Accession Number: 23593703; Feihua Yang 1,2; Email Address: feihuayang@wisc.edu; White, Michael A. 3; Michaelis, Andrew R. 2,4; Ichii, Kazuhito 1,2; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2,4; Votava, Petr 2,4; A.-Xing Zhu 5,6; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; 3: Utah State University, Logan, UT 84321 USA; 4: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA; 5: San Jose State University, San José, CA 95192 USA; 6: State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Issue Info: Nov2006 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p3452; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AmeriFlux; Author-Supplied Keyword: evapotranspiration (ET); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: support vector machines (SVMs); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 9 Black and White Photographs, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.876297
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGuigan, Megan
AU  - Waite, J. Hunter
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
AU  - Sacks, Richard D.
T1  - Analysis of Titan tholin pyrolysis products by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry
JO  - Journal of Chromatography A
JF  - Journal of Chromatography A
Y1  - 2006/11/03/
VL  - 1132
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 288
SN  - 00219673
AB  - Abstract: The reddish brown haze that surrounds Titan, Saturn''s largest moon, is thought to consist of tholin-like organic aerosols. Tholins are complex materials of largely unknown structure. The very high peak capacity and structured chromatograms obtained from comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC) are attractive attributes for the characterization of tholin pyrolysis products. In this report, GC×GC with time-of-flight MS detection and a flash pyrolysis inlet is used to characterize tholin pyrolysis products. Identified pyrolysis products include low-molecular-weight nitriles, alkyl substituted pyrroles, linear and branched hydrocarbons, alkyl-substituted benzenes and PAH compounds. The pyrolysis of standards found in tholin pyrolysate showed that little alteration occurred and thus these structures are likely present in the tholin material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chromatography A is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chromatographic analysis
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Chemical reactions
KW  - Gas Chromatography
KW  - GC×GC
KW  - Tholin
KW  - TOF-MS
N1  - Accession Number: 22717923; McGuigan, Megan 1; Email Address: mmcguiga@umich.edu; Waite, J. Hunter 1; Imanaka, Hiroshi 2; Sacks, Richard D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, USA; 2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 1132 Issue 1/2, p280; Thesaurus Term: Chromatographic analysis; Thesaurus Term: Pyrolysis; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Chemical reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas Chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: GC×GC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholin; Author-Supplied Keyword: TOF-MS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.069
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=22717923&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Chambers, Lin
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Fan, Alice
T1  - The Effect of Environmental Conditions on Tropical Deep Convective Systems Observed from the TRMM Satellite.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/11/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 5745
EP  - 5761
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study uses measurements of radiation and cloud properties taken between January and August 1998 by three Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) instruments, the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanner, the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), and the Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS), to evaluate the variations of tropical deep convective systems (DCSs) with sea surface temperature and precipitation. The authors find that DCS precipitation efficiency increases with SST at a rate of ∼2% K-1. Despite increasing rainfall efficiency, the cloud areal coverage rises with SST at a rate of about 7% K-1 in the warm tropical seas. There, the boundary layer moisture supply for deep convection and the moisture transported to the upper troposphere for cirrus anvil cloud formation increase by ∼6.3% and ∼4.0% K-1, respectively. The changes in cloud formation efficiency, along with the increased transport of moisture available for cloud formation, likely contribute to the large rate of increasing DCS areal coverage. Although no direct observations are available, the increase of cloud formation efficiency with rising SST is deduced indirectly from measurements of changes in the ratio of DCS ice water path and boundary layer water vapor amount with SST. Besides the cloud areal coverage, DCS cluster effective sizes also increase with precipitation. Furthermore, other cloud properties, such as cloud total water and ice water paths, increase with SST. These changes in DCS properties will produce a negative radiative feedback for the earth’s climate system due to strong reflection of shortwave radiation by the DCS. These results significantly differ from some previously hypothesized dehydration scenarios for warmer climates, partially support the thermostat hypothesis but indicate a smaller magnitude of the negative feedback, and have great potential in testing current cloud-system-resolving models and convective parameterizations of general circulation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere -- Research
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Ocean convection
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Climatology
N1  - Accession Number: 23324097; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Minnis, Patrick 1; Chambers, Lin 1; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Yongxiang Hu 1; Fan, Alice 2; Affiliations: 1: Sciences Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: SAIC, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 19 Issue 22, p5745; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Ocean convection; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Ocean temperature; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bourke, M.C.
AU  - Balme, M.
AU  - Beyer, R.A.
AU  - Williams, K.K.
AU  - Zimbelman, J.
T1  - A comparison of methods used to estimate the height of sand dunes on Mars
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2006/11/29/
VL  - 81
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 440
EP  - 452
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Abstract: The collection of morphometric data on small-scale landforms from other planetary bodies is difficult. We assess four methods that can be used to estimate the height of aeolian dunes on Mars. These are (1) stereography, (2) slip face length, (3) profiling photoclinometry, and (4) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Results show that there is good agreement among the methods when conditions are ideal. However, limitations inherent to each method inhibited their accurate application to all sites. Collectively, these techniques provide data on a range of morphometric parameters, some of which were not previously available for dunes on Mars. They include dune height, width, length, surface area, volume, and longitudinal and transverse profiles. The utilization of these methods will facilitate a more accurate analysis of aeolian dunes on Mars and enable comparison with dunes on other planetary surfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sand dunes
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Aeolian
KW  - Dune
KW  - Mars
KW  - Methods
KW  - Morphometry
KW  - Planetary geology
N1  - Accession Number: 22961886; Bourke, M.C. 1,2; Email Address: mbourke@psi.edu; Balme, M. 1; Email Address: mbalms@psi.edu; Beyer, R.A. 3; Email Address: rbeyer@arc.nasa.gov; Williams, K.K. 4; Email Address: williamskk@si.edu; Zimbelman, J. 4; Email Address: zimbelmanj@si.edu; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 2: Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20013, USA; Issue Info: Nov2006, Vol. 81 Issue 3/4, p440; Thesaurus Term: Sand dunes; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeolian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dune; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary geology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.04.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DECKER, KELLY L. M.
AU  - BOERNER, RALPH E. J.
T1  - Mass loss and nutrient release from decomposing evergreen and deciduous Nothofagus litters from the Chilean Andes.
JO  - Austral Ecology
JF  - Austral Ecology
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1015
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14429985
AB  - Leaf litter decomposition experiments were conducted on two deciduous ( Nothofagus obliqua (roble)) and Nothofagus pumilio (lenga)) and one evergreen ( Nothofagus dombeyi) Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) species from a single Chilean forest in order to understand how congeneric trees with differing leaf lifespans impact the soil in which they grow. Single-species litter samples were decomposed in a mixed hardwood forest in Ohio and in a deciduous-evergreen Nothofagus forest in Chile. In the Ohio forest, the two deciduous species’ litters decomposed at k ≈ 1.00 per year and the evergreen at k ≈ 0.75 per year. In Chile k ranged from k ≈ 0.06 ( N. obliqua) to k ≈ 0.23 ( N. pumilio) per year. In both experiments, N and P were released faster from the deciduous litters than from evergreen litter. In Ohio, evergreen litter immobilized more N and P for a longer time period than did deciduous litter. As N. dombeyi stands tend to have lower available soil N and P in this particular mixed Nothofagus forest, the increased time of N and P immobilization by N. dombeyi litter suggests a feedback role of the tree itself in perpetuating low N and P soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Austral Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Decomposition of forest litter
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Phosphorus
KW  - Plant nutrients
KW  - Biodegradation
KW  - Nothofagus obliqua
KW  - Nothofagus pumilio
KW  - Foliar diagnosis
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Chile
KW  - Chilean Nothofagus
KW  - leaf lifespan
KW  - litter decomposition
KW  - nitrogen
KW  - phosphorus
N1  - Accession Number: 23037277; DECKER, KELLY L. M. 1; Email Address: kdecker@mail.arc.nasa.gov; BOERNER, RALPH E. J. 2; Affiliations: 1: California State University-Monterey Bay, Mail Stop 242-4, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; 2: Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Dec2006, Vol. 31 Issue 8, p1005; Thesaurus Term: Decomposition of forest litter; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Phosphorus; Thesaurus Term: Plant nutrients; Thesaurus Term: Biodegradation; Subject Term: Nothofagus obliqua; Subject Term: Nothofagus pumilio; Subject Term: Foliar diagnosis; Subject: Ohio; Subject: Chile; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chilean Nothofagus; Author-Supplied Keyword: leaf lifespan; Author-Supplied Keyword: litter decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: phosphorus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01670.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Armstrong, J.B.
AU  - Olson, S.L.
AU  - T'ien, J.S.
T1  - Transient model and experimental validation of low-stretch solid-fuel flame extinction and stabilization in response to a step change in gravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 147
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 262
EP  - 277
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: A transient stagnation point numerical model was developed that includes gas-phase and solid-phase radiation and solid-phase coupling to describe the dynamic transition from a flame at higher stretch to a flame at lower stretch. To validate the model, low-stretch experiments using PMMA samples were performed in NASA Glenn''s Zero Gravity Facility. When the final stretch rate is sufficiently low, the flame transitions to extinction. Above the critical stretch rate, the flame reaches a new steady state with larger flame standoff distance. But the transient process is very dynamic. The model captures the transient behavior of the experimental flame. A parametric study of the surface temperature and standoff distance demonstrates that the flame standoff overshoot at the beginning of the drop is the result of the faster response of the gas phase and the slower response of the solid layer immediate beneath the surface sample. The predicted surface energy balance shows that as the feedback from the flame decreases, the importance of the ongoing heat losses becomes greater, and extinction is observed when these losses represent 80% or more of the flame feedback. Extinction is attributable to insufficient heat feedback to the surface to compensate for existing heat losses under these low-stretch conditions. There is good agreement between the model and both the drop tower and previous buoyant low-stretch experiments in terms of a limiting stretch rate. This work supports the hypothesis that buoyant experiments with large burners can be used to evaluate the low-gravity, low-stretch flammability limits of a material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Thermochemistry
KW  - Flame
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Heat loss
KW  - Low-stretch flame
KW  - Solid fuel
KW  - Transient response
N1  - Accession Number: 23281891; Armstrong, J.B. 1; Olson, S.L. 2; Email Address: sandra.olson@grc.nasa.gov; T'ien, J.S. 1; Affiliations: 1: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Dec2006, Vol. 147 Issue 4, p262; Thesaurus Term: Physical sciences; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: Thermochemistry; Subject Term: Flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-stretch flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transient response; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.09.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cartinella, Joshua L.
AU  - Cath, Tzahi Y.
AU  - Flynn, Michael T.
AU  - Miller, Glenn C.
AU  - Hunter Jr., Kenneth W.
AU  - Childress, Amy E.
T1  - Removal of Natural Steroid Hormones from Wastewater Using Membrane Contactor Processes.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/12//12/1/2006
VL  - 40
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 7381
EP  - 7386
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Growing demands for potable water have strained water resources and increased interest in wastewater reclamation for potable reuse. This interest has brought increased attention to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) as emerging water contaminants. The effect of EDCs, and in particular natural steroid hormones, on humans is of heightened interest in the study of wastewater reuse in advanced life support systems (e.g., space missions) because they are excreted in urine and have high endocrine- disrupting potencies. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and forward osmosis (FU) are being investigated for wastewater treatment in space. Retention of two natural steroid hormones, estrone and 17β-estradiol, by these two processes was evaluated in the current investigation. DCMD provided greater than 99.5% hormone rejection; DCMD also provided constant flux, greater than 99.9% urea and ammonia rejection, and high water recovery. EU provided from 77 to 99% hormone rejection depending on experiment duration and feed solution chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Conservation of natural resources
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Industrial wastes
KW  - Hazardous substances
KW  - Factories -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Environmental management
KW  - Environmental engineering
KW  - Steroid hormones
KW  - Adrenocortical hormones
N1  - Accession Number: 23334932; Cartinella, Joshua L. 1; Cath, Tzahi Y. 2; Email Address: tcath@mines.edu; Flynn, Michael T. 3; Miller, Glenn C. 4; Hunter Jr., Kenneth W. 5; Childress, Amy E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557; 2: Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401; 3: NASA-Ames Research Center, MISS: 239-11, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; 4: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557; 5: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557; Issue Info: 12/1/2006, Vol. 40 Issue 23, p7381; Thesaurus Term: Conservation of natural resources; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Thesaurus Term: Industrial wastes; Thesaurus Term: Hazardous substances; Thesaurus Term: Factories -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Environmental management; Thesaurus Term: Environmental engineering; Subject Term: Steroid hormones; Subject Term: Adrenocortical hormones; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562112 Hazardous Waste Collection; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es060550i
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=23334932&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sallenger, Asbury H.
AU  - Stockdon, Hilary F.
AU  - Fauver, Laura
AU  - Hansen, Mark
AU  - Thompson, David
AU  - Wright, C. Wayne
AU  - Lillycrop, Jeff
T1  - Hurricanes 2004: An Overview of Their Characteristics and Coastal Change.
JO  - Estuaries & Coasts
JF  - Estuaries & Coasts
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 29
IS  - 6A
M3  - Article
SP  - 880
EP  - 888
SN  - 15592723
AB  - Four hurricanes battered the State of Florida during 2004, the most affecting any state since Texas endured four in 1884. Each of the storms changed the coast differently. Average shoreline change within the right front quadrant of hurricane force winds varied from 1 m of shoreline advance to 20 m of retreat, whereas average sand volume change varied from 11 to 66 m³ m-1 of net loss (erosion). These changes did not scale simply with hurricane intensity as described by the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale. The strongest storm of the season, category 4 Hurricane Charley, had the least shoreline retreat. This was likely because of other factors like the storm's rapid forward speed and small size that generated a lower storm surge than expected. Two of the storms, Hurricanes Frances and Jeanne, affected nearly the same area on the Florida east coast just 3 wk apart. The first storm, Frances, although weaker than the second, caused greater shoreline retreat and sand volume erosion. As a consequence, Hurricane Frances may have stripped away protective beach and exposed dunes to direct wave attack during Jeanne, although there was significant dune erosion during both storms. The maximum shoreline change for all four hurricanes occurred during Ivan on the coasts of eastern Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. The net volume change across a barrier island within the Ivan impact zone approached zero because of massive overwash that approximately balanced erosion of the beach. These data from the 2004 hurricane season will prove useful in developing new ways to scale and predict coastal-change effects during hurricanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Estuaries & Coasts is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hurricanes
KW  - Storms
KW  - Weather
KW  - Storm surges
KW  - Floods
KW  - U.S. states
N1  - Accession Number: 24015175; Sallenger, Asbury H. 1; Stockdon, Hilary F. 1; Email Address: hstockdon@usgs.gov; Fauver, Laura 1; Hansen, Mark 1; Thompson, David 1; Wright, C. Wayne 2; Lillycrop, Jeff 3; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal and Watershed Studies, 600 4th Street South, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Genter, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337; 3: U.S. Army Engineer District-Mobile, Joint Airborne Lidar Bathymetiy Technical Center of Expertise, 109 St. Joseph Street, Mobile, Alabama 36602; Issue Info: Dec2006, Vol. 29 Issue 6A, p880; Thesaurus Term: Hurricanes; Thesaurus Term: Storms; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Storm surges; Thesaurus Term: Floods; Subject Term: U.S. states; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
AU  - Bell Ill, J.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K.
AU  - Johnson, J.
AU  - Knoll, A.
AU  - McCartney, E.
AU  - McLennan, S.
AU  - Metz, J.
AU  - Moore, J.
AU  - Squyres, S.
AU  - Sullivan, R.
AU  - Ahronson, O.
AU  - Arvidson, R.
AU  - B. Joliff
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Lewis, K.
AU  - Parker, T.
AU  - Soderblom, J.
T1  - Sedimentary textures formed by aqueous processes, Erebus crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1085
EP  - 1088
SN  - 00917613
AB  - New observations at Erebus crater (Olympia outcrop) by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity between sols 671 and 735 (a sol is a martian day) indicate that a diverse suite of primary and penecontemporaneous sedimentary structures is preserved in sulfate-rich bedrock. Centimeter-scale trough (festoon) cross-lamination is abundant, and is better expressed and thicker than previously described examples. Postdepositional shrinkage cracks in the same outcrop are interpreted to have formed in response to desiccation. Considered collectively, this suite of sedimentary structures provides strong support for the involvement of liquid water during accumulation of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sedimentary rocks
KW  - Sand
KW  - Outcrops (Geology)
KW  - Sedimentary structures
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Meteorite craters
KW  - Concrete -- Expansion & contraction
KW  - Diagenesis
KW  - Rocks
KW  - cross-lamination
KW  - Mars
KW  - sedimentary structures
KW  - shrinkage cracks
KW  - water
N1  - Accession Number: 23498028; Grotzinger, J. 1; Bell Ill, J. 2; Herkenhoff, K. 3; Johnson, J. 3; Knoll, A. 4; McCartney, E. 2; McLennan, S. 5; Metz, J. 1; Moore, J. 6; Squyres, S. 2; Sullivan, R. 2; Ahronson, O. 1; Arvidson, R. 7; B. Joliff 7; Golombek, M. 8; Lewis, K. 1; Parker, T. 8; Soderblom, J. 2; Affiliations: 1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 2: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; 3: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; 4: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 5: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2100, USA; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; Issue Info: Dec2006, Vol. 34 Issue 12, p1085; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentary rocks; Thesaurus Term: Sand; Thesaurus Term: Outcrops (Geology); Subject Term: Sedimentary structures; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Meteorite craters; Subject Term: Concrete -- Expansion & contraction; Subject Term: Diagenesis; Subject Term: Rocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: cross-lamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: sedimentary structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: shrinkage cracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: water; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1 130/G22985A
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=23498028&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 
TY  - CHAP
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Johnson, Lee F.
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Srinivasan, Ancha
T1  - Chapter 15: Application of Remote Sensing and Ecosystem Modeling in Vineyard Management.
JO  - Handbook of Precision Agriculture
JF  - Handbook of Precision Agriculture
Y1  - 2006/12//
M3  - Book Chapter
SP  - 413
EP  - 429
SN  - 9781560229551
AB  - Chapter 15 of the book "Handbook of Precision Farming: Principles and Applications" is presented. It focused on the application of remote sensing and ecosystem modeling in vineyard management. Precision viticulture is defined as the process of monitoring and managing spatial variation in productivity-related variables such as yield and quality within a single vineyard. Several viticultural operations like planting density, trellising and pruning are conducted to regulate canopy leaf area for entire blocks.
KW  - Precision farming
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Ecosystem management
KW  - Vineyards
KW  - Farm management
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Viticulture
N1  - Accession Number: 22972815; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 1; Johnson, Lee F. 2; White, Michael A. 3; Srinivasan, Ancha 4; Affiliations: 1: School of Forestry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana; 2: Institute of Earth System Science and Policy, California Stale University Monterey Bay and Earth Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 3: Department of Geography and Earth Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah; 4: Principal Researcher and Manager, The Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES), Hayama, Japan; Issue Info: 2006, p413; Thesaurus Term: Precision farming; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystem management; Thesaurus Term: Vineyards; Thesaurus Term: Farm management; Thesaurus Term: Agriculture; Subject Term: Viticulture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115116 Farm Management Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111330 Non-citrus fruit and tree nut farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111332 Grape Vineyards; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312130 Wineries; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Book Chapter
L3  - 10.1300/5627_15
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Rinkle
AU  - Mohan, Ned
AU  - Ayyanar, Rajapandian
AU  - Button, Robert
T1  - A Comprehensive Analysis of Hybrid Phase-Modulated Converter With Current-Doubler Rectifier and Comparison With Its Center-Tapped Counterpart.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1870
EP  - 1880
SN  - 02780046
AB  - A hybrid phase-modulated converter (HPMC) is a recent innovation in the family of soft-switching converters. It is a promising solution to most soft-switching issues. The principal bottleneck in achieving higher efficiency with this topology is the secondary side loss—mainly the losses in the transformer and the rectifier. For low-voltage high-current power supplies, the current-doubler rectification of HPMC addresses both the transformer conduction losses and the rectifier losses. The presence of an additional path for quiescent current in this scheme gives rise to a third mode of operation. There is also the possibility of magnetic integration of all the magnetic components into one, which can cause substantial reduction in magnetic requirements. These facts make the analysis of current doubler important. In this paper, all the operating modes are identified and corresponding equations and equivalent circuits that aid in filter and control design are derived. The zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) characteristics, filter requirement, small-signal transfer characteristics, device ratings, and magnetics size requirement are considered to compare this configuration with its center-tapped counterpart. The current-doubler scheme is found to have superior soft-switching characteristics in that it can achieve ZVS at lighter loads with a much lower peak magnetizing current in the transformer and leakage inductance. Also, a judicious choice of output current ripple can give an overall reduced magnetics requirement. The analyses are verified by simulation and hardware implementation. HPMC is found to be most advantageous for applications with input voltages essentially constant, but the output voltage widely varying, for example in battery chargers and converters with power factor correction front end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuit design
KW  - CASCADE converters
KW  - ELECTRIC inductance
KW  - SWITCHING circuits
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - CONDUCTION electrons
KW  - Current doubler
KW  - phase-modulated converter (PMC)
KW  - zero-voltage switching (ZVS)
N1  - Accession Number: 23627708; Jain, Rinkle 1; Email Address: rinkle.jain@intel.com; Mohan, Ned 2; Email Address: mohan@umn.edu; Ayyanar, Rajapandian 3; Email Address: rayyanar@asu.edu; Button, Robert 4; Email Address: robert.button@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA; 2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA; 3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA; 4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Issue Info: Dec2006, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1870; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuit design; Subject Term: CASCADE converters; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inductance; Subject Term: SWITCHING circuits; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: CONDUCTION electrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Current doubler; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase-modulated converter (PMC); Author-Supplied Keyword: zero-voltage switching (ZVS); NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIE.2006.885159
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=23627708&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Likar, Justin J.
AU  - Bogorad, Alexander L.
AU  - Malko, Thomas R.
AU  - Goodzeit, Neil E.
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
AU  - Mandell, Myron J.
T1  - Interaction of Charged Spacecraft with Electric Propulsion Plume: On Orbit Data and Ground Test Results.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2006/12//Dec2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3602
EP  - 3606
SN  - 00189499
AB  - On-orbit observations and ground tests demonstrate interaction between charged spacecraft and electrothermal thruster-generated plasma. On-orbit measurements and test results are presented for plasma diagnostics and solar array performance during long-term exposure of flight solar panel. The long-term performance of a flight 70V 2m × 4 m GEO solar array exposed to a 2 kW arcjet plasma environment was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Direct energy conversion
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Electric motors -- Testing
KW  - Random access memory
KW  - Gate array circuits
KW  - Logic devices
KW  - Logic design
KW  - Electronics
KW  - Electrostatic discharges
KW  - photovoltaic space power systems
KW  - space vehicle propulsion
KW  - surface charging
N1  - Accession Number: 23689317; Likar, Justin J. 1; Email Address: justin.j.likar@lmco.com; Bogorad, Alexander L. 1; Email Address: alexanderi.bogorad@lmco.com; Malko, Thomas R. 2; Email Address: thomas.r.malko@lmco.com; Goodzeit, Neil E. 1; Email Address: neil.e.goodzeit1@lmco.com; Galofaro, Joel T. 3; Email Address: joel.t.galofaro@nasa.gov; Mandell, Myron J. 4; Email Address: myron.j.rnandell@saic.com; Affiliations: 1: Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems, Newtown, PA 18940 USA; 2: Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; 4: Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121 USA; Issue Info: Dec2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p3602; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Direct energy conversion; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Electric motors -- Testing; Subject Term: Random access memory; Subject Term: Gate array circuits; Subject Term: Logic devices; Subject Term: Logic design; Subject Term: Electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: photovoltaic space power systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: space vehicle propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface charging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2006.885107
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=23689317&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuo, Spencer P.
AU  - Rubinraut, Maurice
AU  - Popovic, Svetozar
AU  - Bivolaru, Daniel
T1  - Characteristic Study of a Portable Arc Microwave Plasma Torch.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2006/12//Dec2006 Part 1 of 2
Y1  - 2006/12//Dec2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2537
EP  - 2544
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The development of a plasma torch, which carries desirable features to be an ignition aide within a supersonic cornbustor, is studied. The desirable features include: 1) a microwave adaptor arrangement to couple additional power (from microwave as well as arc discharge) to the plasma torch; 2) an additional port for fuel injection; and 3) compactness (including the power supply), portability, and light weight. The plasma jet generated by this torch is described by the cycle energy of the discharge and by the imaging of its plume under various conditions, supply air pressures, and microwave (on or off) to the torch. This torch system, with its high-voltage discharge, is operated in periodic (60-Hz) mode. The capacitors in the circuit of the power supply are charged at a line frequency of 60 Hz, resulting in a cyclical discharge. The cycle energy reaches up to 12 J. The microwave electric field has a profound effect on the arc discharge. It intensifies the emission and increases the volume of the arc loop region. It also enhances the electron temperature significantly, as shown by the emission spectroscopy of the torch. The spatial distribution of the microwave electric field outside the nozzle of the torch module is not affected by the supersonic crossflow, which is a favorable feature for increasing the penetration depth of the torch plume into the supersonic crossflow in the combustor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA jets
KW  - MICROWAVE devices
KW  - CAPACITORS
KW  - PLASMA devices
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 23576237; Source Information: Dec2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p2537; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; Subject Term: MICROWAVE devices; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Subject Term: PLASMA devices; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2006.884792
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=23576237&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hernandez, Jose L.
AU  - Srikishen, Jayanthi
AU  - Erickson, David J.
AU  - Oglesby, Robert
AU  - Irwin, Daniel
T1  - A regional climate study of Central America using the MM5 modeling system: results and comparison to observations.
JO  - International Journal of Climatology
JF  - International Journal of Climatology
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 26
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2161
EP  - 2179
SN  - 08998418
AB  - The Mesoscale Modeling system, version 3.6 (MM5) regional modeling system has been applied to Central America and has been evaluated against National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Climatic Data Center (NOAA/NCDC) daily observations and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) precipitation data. We compare model results and observations for 1997 and evaluate various climate parameters (temperature, wind speed, precipitation and water vapor mixing ratio), emphasizing the differences within the context of the station dependent geographical features and the land use (LU) categories. At 9 of the 16 analyzed stations the modeled temperature, wind speed and vapor mixing ratio are in agreement with observations with average model-observation differences consistently lower than 25%. MM5 has better performance at stations strongly impacted by monsoon systems, regions typified by low topography in coastal areas and areas characterized by evergreen, broad-leaf and shrub land vegetation types. At four stations the model precipitation is about a factor of 3-5 higher than the observations, while the simulated wind is roughly twice what is observed. These stations include two inland stations characterized by croplands close to water bodies; one coastal station in El Salvador adjacent to a mountain-based cropland area and one station at sea-level. This suggests that the model does not adequately represent the influence of topographic features and water bodies close to these stations. In general, the model agrees reasonably well with measurements and therefore provides an acceptable description of regional climate. The simulations in this study use only two seasonal maps of land cover. The main model discrepancies are likely attributable to the actual annual cycle of land-atmosphere vapor and energy exchange that has a temporal scale of days to weeks. These fluxes are impacted by surface moisture availability, albedo and thermal inertia parameters. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Climatology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - United States. National Climatic Data Center
KW  - Central America
KW  - United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 63866985; Hernandez, Jose L. 1; Srikishen, Jayanthi 2; Erickson, David J. 1; Oglesby, Robert 2; Irwin, Daniel 2; Affiliations: 1: Climate and Carbon Research Institute, National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA; 2: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama, USA; Issue Info: Dec2006, Vol. 26 Issue 15, p2161; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject Term: United States. National Climatic Data Center; Subject: Central America ; Company/Entity: United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/joc.1361
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linfa Zhu
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Multiscale Analysis Including Strain Rate Dependency for Transient Response of Composite Laminated Shells.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 25
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1831
AB  - A multiscale micro-macro numerical procedure has been developed to model the transient responses of polymeric composite shell structures. A micromechanics model which accounts for the transverse shear stress effect, the effect of strain rate dependency, and the effect of inelasticity is used for analyzing the mechanical responses of the fiber and matrix constituents. The accuracy of the micromechanics model under transverse shear loading is verified by comparison with an existing procedure. A higher-order laminated shell theory is extended to capture the inelastic deformations of the composite shell and is implemented using the finite element technique. A detailed parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of geometry, ply stacking sequence, material models, and loading conditions on the transient response of laminated shell structures under impact loadings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - TRANSIENTS (Dynamics)
KW  - higher-order laminated theory
KW  - micromechanics model
KW  - multiscale numerical simulation
KW  - polymer matrix composites
KW  - transient response
N1  - Accession Number: 23271254; Linfa Zhu 1; Email Address: linfa.zhu@asu.edu; Chattopadhyay, Aditi 1; Goldberg, Robert K. 2; Source Information: 2006, Vol. 25 Issue 17, p1795; Subject: POLYMERIC composites; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MICROMECHANICS; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject: TRANSIENTS (Dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: higher-order laminated theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: micromechanics model; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiscale numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient response; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 33 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684406068448
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Hansen, G.B.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - D’Aversa, E.
AU  - Griffith, C.A.
AU  - Baines, E.K.H.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Dalle Ore, C.M.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Hibbitts, C.A.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Lunine, J.I.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Sotin, C.
T1  - Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 54
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1524
EP  - 1539
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Titan''s bulk density along with Solar System formation models indicates considerable water as well as silicates as its major constituents. This satellite''s dense atmosphere of nitrogen with methane is unique. Deposits or even oceans of organic compounds have been suggested to exist on Titan''s solid surface due to UV-induced photochemistry in the atmosphere. Thus, the composition of the surface is a major piece of evidence needed to determine Titan''s history. However, studies of the surface are hindered by the thick, absorbing, hazy and in some places cloudy atmosphere. Ground-based telescope investigations of the integral disk of Titan attempted to observe the surface albedo in spectral windows between methane absorptions by calculating and removing the haze effects. Their results were reported to be consistent with water ice on the surface that is contaminated with a small amount of dark material, perhaps organic material like tholin. We analyze here the recent Cassini Mission''s visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) observations that resolve regions on Titan. VIMS is able to see surface features and shows that there are spectral and therefore likely compositional units. By several methods, spectral albedo estimates within methane absorption windows between 0.75 and 5μm were obtained for different surface units using VIMS image cubes from the Cassini-Huygens Titan Ta encounter. Of the spots studied, there appears to be two compositional classes present that are associated with the lower albedo and the higher albedo materials, with some variety among the brighter regions. These were compared with spectra of several different candidate materials. Our results show that the spectrum of water ice contaminated with a darker material matches the reflectance of the lower albedo Titan regions if the spectral slope from 2.71 to 2.79μm in the poorly understood 2.8-μm methane window is ignored. The spectra for brighter regions are not matched by the spectrum of water ice or unoxidized tholin, in pure form or in mixtures with sufficient ice or tholin present to allow the water ice or tholin spectral features to be discerned. We find that the 2.8-μm methane absorption window is complex and seems to consist of two weak subwindows at 2.7 and 2.8μm that have unknown opacities. A ratio image at these two wavelengths reveals an anomalous region on Titan that has a reflectance unlike any material so far identified, but it is unclear how much the reflectances in these two subwindows pertain to the surface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Composition
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Surface
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 23222026; McCord, T.B. 1; Email Address: mccordtb@aol.com; Hansen, G.B. 2; Buratti, B.J. 3; Clark, R.N. 4; Cruikshank, D.P. 5; D’Aversa, E. 6; Griffith, C.A. 7; Baines, E.K.H. 3; Brown, R.H. 7; Dalle Ore, C.M. 5,8; Filacchione, G. 6; Formisano, V. 6; Hibbitts, C.A. 9; Jaumann, R. 10; Lunine, J.I. 6,7; Nelson, R.M. 3; Sotin, C. 11; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Institute NW, 22 Fiddler's Road, Winthrop, WA 98862-0667, USA; 2: Department of E. & Sp. Sci, 351310, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: USGS, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Instituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy; 7: Department Pl. Sci and LPL, University of AZ, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA; 8: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 9: Johns Hopkins University Appl. Phys. Laboratory, Columbia, MD, USA; 10: DLR, Institute for Planet, Expl. Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; 11: University of Nantes, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44072 Nantes Cedex 3, France; Issue Info: Dec2006, Vol. 54 Issue 15, p1524; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Aléon, Jérôme
AU  - Alexander, Conet M. O'D.
AU  - Araki, Tohru
AU  - Bajt, Saša
AU  - Baratta, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Borg, Janet
AU  - Bradley, John P.
AU  - Brownlee, Donald E.
AU  - Brucato, John R.
AU  - Burchell, Mark J.
AU  - Busemann, Henner
AU  - Butterworth, Anna
AU  - Clemett, Simon J.
AU  - Cody, George
AU  - Colangeli, Luigi
AU  - Cooper, George
AU  - D'Hendecourt, Louis
AU  - Djouadi, Zahia
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
T1  - Organics Captured from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust Spacecraft.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/12/15/
VL  - 314
IS  - 5806
M3  - Article
SP  - 1720
EP  - 1724
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Organics found in comet 81P/Wild 2 samples show a heterogeneous and unequilibrated distribution in abundance and composition. Some organics are similar, but not identical, to those in interplanetary dust particles and carbonaceous meteorites. A class of aromatic-poor organic material is also present. The organics are rich in oxygen and nitrogen compared with meteoritic organics. Aromatic compounds are present, but the samples tend to be relatively poorer in aromatics than are meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. The presence of deuterium and nitrogen-is excesses suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage. Although the variable extent of modification of these materials by impact capture is not yet fully constrained, a diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Nonmetals
KW  - Comets
KW  - Cosmic dust
KW  - Meteor trails
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Meteors
KW  - Achondrites
N1  - Accession Number: 23614965; Sandford, Scott A. 1; Email Address: ssandford@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Aléon, Jérôme 2,3; Alexander, Conet M. O'D. 4; Araki, Tohru 5; Bajt, Saša 6; Baratta, Giuseppe A. 7; Borg, Janet 8; Bradley, John P. 6; Brownlee, Donald E. 9; Brucato, John R. 1; Burchell, Mark J. 10; Busemann, Henner 4; Butterworth, Anna 11; Clemett, Simon J. 12; Cody, George 13; Colangeli, Luigi 14; Cooper, George 15; D'Hendecourt, Louis 4; Djouadi, Zahia 8; Dworkin, Jason P. 16; Affiliations: 1: Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 2: Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.; 3: Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.; 4: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA.; 5: Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.; 6: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.; 7: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy.; 8: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Campus, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.; 9: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.; 10: School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CF2 7NH, UK.; 11: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA.; 12: Expense Reduction Consulting, Inc., NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; 13: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA.; 14: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy.; 15: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 16: Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; Issue Info: 12/15/2006, Vol. 314 Issue 5806, Special Section p1720; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Nonmetals; Subject Term: Comets; Subject Term: Cosmic dust; Subject Term: Meteor trails; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Meteorites; Subject Term: Meteors; Subject Term: Achondrites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1135841
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Engel-Cox, Jill A.
AU  - Hoff, Raymond M.
AU  - Rogers, Raymond
AU  - Dimmick, Fred
AU  - Rush, Alan C.
AU  - Szykman, James J.
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim
AU  - Chu, D. Allen
AU  - Zell, Erica R.
T1  - Integrating lidar and satellite optical depth with ambient monitoring for 3-dimensional particulate characterization
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2006/12/28/
VL  - 40
IS  - 40
M3  - Article
SP  - 8056
EP  - 8067
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: A combination of in-situ PM2.5, sunphotometers, upward pointing lidar and satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) instruments have been employed to better understand variability in the correlation between AOD and PM2.5 at the surface. Previous studies have shown good correlation between these measures, especially in the US east, and encouraged the use of satellite data for spatially interpolating between ground sensors. This work shows that cases of weak correlation can be better understood with knowledge of whether the aerosol is confined to the surface planetary boundary layer (PBL) or aloft. Lidar apportionment of the fraction of aerosol optical depth that is within the PBL can be scaled to give better agreement with surface PM2.5 than does the total column amount. The study has shown that lidar combined with surface and remotely sensed data might be strategically used to improve our understanding of long-range or regionally transported pollutants in multiple dimensions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution standards
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Waste products
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Lidar
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Policy
KW  - Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 23212183; Engel-Cox, Jill A. 1; Email Address: engelcoxj@battelle.org; Hoff, Raymond M. 2; Rogers, Raymond 2; Dimmick, Fred 3; Rush, Alan C. 3; Szykman, James J. 4; Al-Saadi, Jassim 5; Chu, D. Allen 2; Zell, Erica R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Battelle, 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 800, Arlington, VA 22201, USA; 2: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, UMBC CREST and the Physics Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; 3: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA; 4: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; 5: US National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Dec2006, Vol. 40 Issue 40, p8056; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution standards; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Waste products; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562111 Solid Waste Collection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423930 Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562110 Waste collection; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eleftheratos, K.
AU  - Zerefos, C. S.
AU  - Zanis, P.
AU  - Balis, D. S.
AU  - Tselioudis, G.
AU  - Gierens, K.
AU  - Sausen, R.
T1  - A twenty-year study on natural and manmade global interannual fluctuations of cirrus cloud cover.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 126
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The seasonal variability and the interannual variance explained by ENSO and NAO to cirrus cloud cover (CCC) are examined during the twenty-year period 1984-2004. CCC was found to be significantly correlated with vertical velocities and relative humidity from ECMWF/ERA40 in the tropics (correlations up to -0.7 and +0.7 at some locations, respectively) suggesting that variations in large-scale vertical winds and relative humidity fields can be the origin of up to half of the local variability in CCC over these regions. These correlations reflect mostly the seasonal cycle. Although the annual cycle is dominant in all latitudes and longitudes, peaking over the tropics and subtropics, its amplitude can be exceeded during strong El Nino/La Nina events. Over the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean the interannual variance of CCC which can be explained by ENSO is about 6.8% and it is ∼2.3 times larger than the amplitude of the annual cycle. Natural long-term trends in the tropics are generally small (about -0.3% cloud cover per decade) and possible manmade trends in those regions are also small. The contributions of NAO and QBO to the variance of CCC in the tropics are also small. In the northern mid-latitudes, on the other hand, the effect of NAO is more significant and can be very important regionally. Over northern Europe and the eastern part of the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (NAFC) there is a small positive correlation between CCC and NAO index during the wintertime of about 0.3. In this region, the interannual variance of CCC explained by NAO is 2.6% and the amplitude of the annual cycle is 3.1%. Long-term trends over this region are about +1.6% cloud cover per decade and compare well with the observed manmade trends over congested air traffic regions in Europe and the North Atlantic as have been evidenced from earlier findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Humidity
KW  - El Niño Current
KW  - La Niña Current
KW  - Air traffic control
N1  - Accession Number: 24401770; Eleftheratos, K. 1,2; Email Address: kelef@geol.uoa.gr; Zerefos, C. S. 1,2,3; Zanis, P. 4; Balis, D. S. 5; Tselioudis, G. 6; Gierens, K. 7; Sausen, R. 7; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Climatology & Atmospheric Environment, University of Athens, Greece; 2: Foundation for Biomedical Research, Academy of Athens, Greece; 3: National Observatory of Athens, Greece; 4: Research Centre for Atmospheric Physics & Climatology, Academy of Athens, Greece; 5: Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; 6: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA; 7: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, DLR, Germany; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p93; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Subject Term: El Niño Current; Subject Term: La Niña Current; Subject Term: Air traffic control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hatzianastassiou, N.
AU  - Matsoukas, C.
AU  - Drakakis, E.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., P. W.
AU  - Koepke, P.
AU  - Fotiadi, A.
AU  - Pavlakis, K. G.
AU  - Vardavas, I.
T1  - The direct effect of aerosols on solar radiation based on satellite observations, reanalysis datasets, and spectral aerosol optical properties from Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS).
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 753
EP  - 783
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - A global estimate of the seasonal direct radiative effect (DRE) of natural plus anthropogenic aerosols on solar radiation under all-sky conditions is obtained by combining satellite measurements and reanalysis data with a spectral radiative transfer model. The estimates are obtained with detailed spectral model computations separating the ultraviolet (UV), visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The global distribution of spectral aerosol optical properties was taken from the Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS) whereas data for clouds, water vapour, ozone, carbon dioxide, methane and surface albedo were taken from various satellite and reanalysis datasets. Using these aerosol properties and other related variables, we generate climatological (for the 12-year period 1984-1995) monthly mean aerosol DREs. The global annual mean DRE on the outgoing SW radiation at the top of atmosphere (TOA, ΔFTOA) is 1.62Wm-2 (with a range of -10 to 15Wm-2, positive values corresponding to planetary cooling), the effect on the atmospheric absorption of SW radiation (ΔFatmab) is 1.6Wm-2 (values up to 35Wm-2, corresponding to atmospheric warming), and the effect on the surface downward and absorbed SW radiation (ΔFsurf, and ΔFsurfnet, respectively) is -3.93 and -3.22Wm-2 (values up to -45 and -35Wm-2, respectively, corresponding to surface cooling.) According to our results, aerosols decrease/increase the planetary albedo by -3 to 13% at the local scale, whereas on planetary scale the result is an increase of 1.5%. Aerosols can warm locally the atmosphere by up to 0.98 K day-1, whereas they can cool the Earth's surface by up to -2.9 K day-1. Both these effects, which can significantly modify atmospheric dynamics and the hydrological cycle, can produce significant planetary cooling on a regional scale, although planetary warming can arise over highly reflecting surfaces. The aerosol DRE at the Earth's surface compared to TOA can be up to 15 times larger at the local scale. The largest aerosol DRE takes place in the northern hemisphere both at the surface and the atmosphere, arising mainly at ultraviolet and visible wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Methane
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 24401766; Hatzianastassiou, N. 1,2; Email Address: nhatzian@cc.uoi.gr; Matsoukas, C. 2,3; Drakakis, E. 2,4; Stackhouse Jr., P. W. 5; Koepke, P. 6; Fotiadi, A. 2,7; Pavlakis, K. G. 2,8; Vardavas, I. 2,7; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; 2: Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; 3: Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece; 4: Department of Electrical Engineering, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; 5: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 6: Meteorological Institute, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; 7: Department of Physics, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; 8: Department of General Applied Science, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p753; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Subject Term: Solar radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Treffeisen, R.
AU  - Krejci, R.
AU  - Ström, J.
AU  - Engvall, A. C.
AU  - Herber, A.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - Humidity observations in the Arctic troposphere over Ny- Ålesund, Svalbard based on 14 years of radiosonde data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1261
EP  - 1293
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Water vapour is an important component in the radiative balance of the polar atmosphere. We present a study covering fourteen-years of data of tropopsheric humidity profiles measured with standard radiosondes at Ny-Ålesund (78°55′ N 11°52′ E) during the period from 1991 to 2005. It is well known that relative humidity measurements are less reliable at cold temperatures when measured with standard radiosondes. The data were corrected for errors and used to determine key characteristic features of the vertical and temporal RH evolution in the Arctic troposphere over Ny-Ålesund. We present frequency occurrence of ice-supersaturation layers in the troposphere, their vertical span, temperature and statistical distribution. Supersaturation with respect to ice shows a clear seasonal behaviour. In winter (October-February) it occurred in 22% of all cases and less frequently in spring (March-May 13%), and summer (June-September, 10%). The results are finally compared with findings from the SAGE II satellite instrument on subvisible clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Radiosondes
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Distribution (Probability theory)
N1  - Accession Number: 24401744; Treffeisen, R. 1; Email Address: renate.treffeisen@awi.de; Krejci, R. 2; Ström, J. 3; Engvall, A. C. 4; Herber, A. 4; Thomason, L. W. 5; Affiliations: 1: Alfred Wegner Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A45, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; 2: Department of Meteorology (MISU), Stockholm University, S 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; 3: ITM--Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, S 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; 4: Alfred Wegner Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; 5: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p1261; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Radiosondes; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Distribution (Probability theory); Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Gross, Peggy
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Smith, Marie-Louise
T1  - Net primary productivity of forest stands in New Hampshire estimated from Landsat and MODIS satellite data.
JO  - Carbon Balance & Management
JF  - Carbon Balance & Management
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 19
SN  - 17500680
AB  - Background: A simulation model that relies on satellite observations of vegetation cover from the Landsat 7 sensor and from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate net primary productivity (NPP) of forest stands at the Bartlett Experiment Forest (BEF) in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Results: Net primary production (NPP) predicted from the NASA-CASA model using 30-meter resolution Landsat inputs showed variations related to both vegetation cover type and elevational effects on mean air temperatures. Overall, the highest predicted NPP from the NASA-CASA model was for deciduous forest cover at low to mid-elevation locations over the landscape. Comparison of the model-predicted annual NPP to the plot-estimated values showed a significant correlation of R² = 0.5. Stepwise addition of 30-meter resolution elevation data values explained no more than 20% of the residual variation in measured NPP patterns at BEF. Both the Landsat 7 and the 250-meter resolution MODIS derived mean annual NPP predictions for the BEF plot locations were within ± 2.5% of the mean of plot estimates for annual NPP. Conclusion: Although MODIS imagery cannot capture the spatial details of NPP across the network of closely spaced plot locations as well as Landsat, the MODIS satellite data as inputs to the NASA-CASA model does accurately predict the average annual productivity of a site like the BEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon Balance & Management is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Bioclimatology
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Landsat satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 34994035; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Gross, Peggy 2; Email Address: pgross@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Genovese, Vanessa 2; Email Address: vbrooks@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Smith, Marie-Louise 3; Email Address: marielouise.smith@unh.edu; Affiliations: 1 : Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2 : Earth System Science and Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; 3 : US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA;  Source Info: 2007, Vol. 2, p9; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Bioclimatology; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Meteorological satellites; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1750-0680-2-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kushnapally, Rakesh
AU  - Razdan, Anshuman
AU  - Bridges, Nathan
T1  - Roughness as a Shape Measure.
JO  - Computer-Aided Design & Applications
JF  - Computer-Aided Design & Applications
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 4
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 310
SN  - 16864360
AB  - In this paper, we present a measure to quantify the multi-neighborhood level roughness of the surface using mean curvature. The surface is scaled to a unit sphere to enable comparison between different models with scale taken out of the comparison equation. Our roughness measure can be used as a shape indicator of the surface as it gives information regarding the vertex distribution at multiple neighborhood levels. In addition to computing the surface roughness, we use our measure as a unifying method to analyze different smoothing algorithms on different models including the effect of different vertex updating methods. We also use our measure to illustrate the differences in roughness at different neighborhood levels due to the irregular sampling of the surface. We specifically target triangle surface mesh representation for this paper, as it is the most common and other polygonal models can be converted to it by using local triangulation. Results are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of our roughness measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computer-Aided Design & Applications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - CURVATURE
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - POLYGONAL numbers
KW  - TRIANGULATION
KW  - global roughness
KW  - local roughness
KW  - mean curvature
KW  - mesh smoothing
KW  - multi-neighborhood level
KW  - Roughness
N1  - Accession Number: 25292611; Kushnapally, Rakesh 1; Email Address: rkushunapa@pdi.com; Razdan, Anshuman 2; Email Address: razdan@asu.edu; Bridges, Nathan 3; Email Address: Nathan.bridges@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: PDI/Dreamworks; 2: Arizona State University; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 4 Issue 1-4, p295; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CURVATURE; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: POLYGONAL numbers; Subject Term: TRIANGULATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: global roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: local roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: mean curvature; Author-Supplied Keyword: mesh smoothing; Author-Supplied Keyword: multi-neighborhood level; Author-Supplied Keyword: Roughness; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Fong, Terry
T1  - Human-Robot Interaction for Space Exploration.
JO  - Conference Papers -- International Communication Association
JF  - Conference Papers -- International Communication Association
Y1  - 2007///2007 Annual Meeting
M3  - Conference Paper
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
AB  - The interactions between humans and robots during extended space missions will be unlike anything that NASA has designed and implemented to date. The operation of robot teams will at times be directed from ground control. For example, a lunar rover team may be assigned tactical assignments (e.g. "inspect solar array alpha"). Surface astronauts will also communicate with in-situ robots using voice-based commands, gestures, and wireless digital communication. Rovers, in turn, will communicate with one another for team- based collaboration, and must also develop sufficient self-diagnostic introspection to request human help when appropriate. Making human-robot interaction (HRI) effective, efficient, and natural is crucial to the success of sustained space exploration. In particular, humans and robots must be able to: (1) communicate clearly about their goals, abilities, plans, and achievements; (2) collaborate to solve problems, especially when situations exceed autonomous capabilities; and (3) interact via multiple modalities (dialogue, gestures, etc.), both locally and remotely. Since 2005, the Intelligent Robotics Group has been developing tools to support peer-to-peer human-robot interaction. The current system supports multiple humans and robots working in a variety of team configurations. Humans can collaborate with robots in a shared space, communicating through spoken language dialogue. Robots can be operated in combined teleoperation and autonomous modes of control from Earth or from inside a surface habitat. Coordination between ground control, crew (both EVA and IVA), and mobile robots is performed with the "Human-Robot Interaction Operating System" (HRI/OS), an agent-based system that provides a structured framework and variety of interaction services for human-robot teams. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Conference Papers -- International Communication Association is the property of International Communication Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Human-machine relationship
KW  - Space robotics
KW  - Robots -- Control systems
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 26950309; Fong, Terry 1; Email Address: terry@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: 2007 Annual Meeting, p1; Subject Term: Human-machine relationship; Subject Term: Space robotics; Subject Term: Robots -- Control systems; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Conference Paper
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Huete, Alfredo
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
T1  - Terrestrial Carbon Sinks for the United States Predicted from MODIS Satellite Data and Ecosystem Modeling.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States over the period 2001–04. Predicted net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 in the United States was estimated as annual net sink of about +0.2 Pg C in 2004. Regional climate patterns were reflected in the predicted annual NEP flux from the model, which showed extensive carbon sinks in ecosystems of the southern and eastern regions in 2003–04, and major carbon source fluxes from ecosystems in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest regions in 2003–04. As demonstrated through tower site comparisons, net primary production (NPP) modeled with monthly MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) inputs closely resembles both the measured high- and low-season carbon fluxes. Modeling results suggest that the capacity of the NASA Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model to use 8-km resolution MODIS EVI data to predict peak growing season uptake rates of CO2 in irrigated croplands and moist temperate forests is strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Nitrogen cycle
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - United States
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - EVI
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 28384243; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Klooster, Steven 2; Huete, Alfredo 3; Genovese, Vanessa 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 2: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California; 3: The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen cycle; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: EVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/EI228.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Potential Capabilities in a Future, Augmented Cockpit.
AU  - Comerford, Doreen
AU  - Johnson, Walter W.
JO  - Ergonomics in Design
JF  - Ergonomics in Design
Y1  - 2007///Winter2007
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
SN  - 10648046
N1  - Accession Number: 24403601; Author: Comerford, Doreen email: comerfordd@hartwick.edu. Author: Johnson, Walter W.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Principal investigator, Flight Deck Displays Research Laboratory in the Human Factors Research and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20070320
N2  - The article examines several aspects of the augmented environment (AE), an environment in which the user is able to see and interact with both virtual and real-world information, using an aircraft cockpit as an example. The specific capabilities that AEs could provide, including the ability to view multiple, virtual windows, ability to open and close virtual windows and the ability to move virtual windows, are described and discussed in the context of human factors principles.
KW  - *AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - *AERONAUTICS
KW  - *ERGONOMICS
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - REALITY
KW  - AIRCRAFT cabins
KW  - HUMAN factors
KW  - MANAGEMENT information systems -- Human factors
KW  - augmented reality
KW  - aviation display(s)
KW  - Cockpit display(s)
KW  - proximity compatibility principle
KW  - virtual environment(s)
KW  - virtual reality
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - WHITE, MICHAEL A.
AU  - POTTER, CHRISTOPHER
AU  - HUTYRA, LUCY R.
AU  - HUETE, ALFREDO R.
AU  - MYNENI, RANGA B.
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Constraining rooting depths in tropical rainforests using satellite data and ecosystem modeling for accurate simulation of gross primary production seasonality.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 77
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Accurate parameterization of rooting depth is difficult but important for capturing the spatio-temporal dynamics of carbon, water and energy cycles in tropical forests. In this study, we adopted a new approach to constrain rooting depth in terrestrial ecosystem models over the Amazon using satellite data [moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) enhanced vegetation index (EVI)] and Biome-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model. We simulated seasonal variations in gross primary production (GPP) using different rooting depths (1, 3, 5, and 10 m) at point and spatial scales to investigate how rooting depth affects modeled seasonal GPP variations and to determine which rooting depth simulates GPP consistent with satellite-based observations. First, we confirmed that rooting depth strongly controls modeled GPP seasonal variations and that only deep rooting systems can successfully track flux-based GPP seasonality at the Tapajos km67 flux site. Second, spatial analysis showed that the model can reproduce the seasonal variations in satellite-based EVI seasonality, however, with required rooting depths strongly dependent on precipitation and the dry season length. For example, a shallow rooting depth (1–3 m) is sufficient in regions with a short dry season (e. G. 0–2 months), and deeper roots are required in regions with a longer dry season (e. G. 3–5 and 5–10 m for the regions with 3–4 and 5–6 months dry season, respectively). Our analysis suggests that setting of proper rooting depths is important to simulating GPP seasonality in tropical forests, and the use of satellite data can help to constrain the spatial variability of rooting depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Vegetation greenness
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Spatio-temporal variation
KW  - Rain forest ecology
KW  - Roots (Botany) -- Development
KW  - Spatial analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Amazon River Region
KW  - Amazon
KW  - Biome-BGC
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - gross primary production
KW  - MODIS
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - rooting depth
KW  - seasonal cycle
KW  - terrestrial biosphere model
KW  - tropical forest
KW  - vegetation index
N1  - Accession Number: 23634116; ICHII, KAZUHITO 1; HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 2; WHITE, MICHAEL A. 3; POTTER, CHRISTOPHER 4; HUTYRA, LUCY R. 5; HUETE, ALFREDO R. 6; MYNENI, RANGA B. 7; NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 4; Affiliations: 1: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, San Jose State University, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA,; 2: †Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, California State University at Monterey Bay, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA,; 3: ‡Department of Watershed Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5210, USA,; 4: §Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA,; 5: ¶Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,; 6: ∥Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA,; 7: **Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Issue Info: Jan2007, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p67; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation greenness; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Spatio-temporal variation; Thesaurus Term: Rain forest ecology; Subject Term: Roots (Botany) -- Development; Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Statistics); Subject: Amazon River Region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biome-BGC; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: rooting depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: seasonal cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial biosphere model; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation index; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01277.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, Amjad A.
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
AU  - Hejazi, Zuhair M.
AU  - Dib, Nihad
T1  - Design and Measurement of Self-Matched Dual-Frequency Coplanar Waveguide-Fed-Slot Antennas.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2007/01//
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 223
EP  - 226
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Two new designs of dual frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed double folded slot antennas are presented. An important advantage of these antennas is that they are self-matched to the feeding CPW without the need for external matching circuit. This reduces the antenna size and simplifies its design. To verify the designs, the return loss and radiation patterns are measured and compared to those obtained using available commercial software with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - SLOT antennas
KW  - COMMUNICATION
N1  - Accession Number: 23786429; Source Information: Jan2007, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p223; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: SLOT antennas; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.11 09/TAP.2006.888475
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, Lewis R.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Elzey, Michael B.
AU  - Hamner, Marvine P.
T1  - Reynolds Number Effects on Off-Design Stability and Control Characteristics of Supersonic Transports.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/01//Jan/Feb2007
Y1  - 2007/01//Jan/Feb2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 134
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A high Reynolds number wind-tunnel test was conducted to assess Reynolds number effects on the stability and control characteristics of a realistic, second-generation supersonic transport concept. The testing included longitudinal and lateral/directional studies at transonic and low-speed, high-lift landing conditions across a range of Reynolds numbers from that available in conventional wind tunnels to near-flight conditions. Results presented focus on Reynolds number sensitivities of the stability and control characteristics at Mach 0.30 and 0.95 for a configuration including empennage. The angle of attack where the pitching-moment departure occurred increased with higher Reynolds numbers for both the landing and transonic configurations. Stabilizer effectiveness and directional stability increased with the Reynolds number for both configurations. The landing configuration without forebody chines exhibited a large yawing-moment departure at high angles of attack and zero sideslip that varied with increasing Reynolds numbers. This departure characteristic nearly disappeared when forebody chines were added. The landing configuration's rudder effectiveness also exhibited sensitivities to changes in Reynolds number. This study extends the existing Reynolds number database for supersonic transports operating at subsonic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Flow visualization
KW  - WIND tunnel models
KW  - STABILITY of airplanes
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Handling characteristics
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Landing
N1  - Accession Number: 24133301; Source Information: Jan/Feb2007, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p134; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Flow visualization; Subject Term: WIND tunnel models; Subject Term: STABILITY of airplanes; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Handling characteristics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Landing; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.22519
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vargas, Mario
T1  - Current Experimental Basis for Modeling Ice Accretions on Swept Wings.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/01//Jan/Feb2007
Y1  - 2007/01//Jan/Feb2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 274
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This work presents a review of the experimental basis for modeling ice accretions on swept wings. Experimental work related to ice accretion physics on swept wings conducted between 1954 and 2004 is reviewed. Proposed models or explanations of scallop formations are singled out and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on reviewing the work done to determine the basic macroscopic mechanisms of scallop formation. The role of feather growth and its connection to scallop growth is discussed. Conceptual steps in modeling scallop formations are presented. Research elements needed for modeling are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - SWEPT-back wings (Airplanes)
KW  - ICE
KW  - FREEZING precipitation
KW  - DEICING of airplanes
N1  - Accession Number: 24133317; Source Information: Jan/Feb2007, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p274; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: SWEPT-back wings (Airplanes); Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: FREEZING precipitation; Subject Term: DEICING of airplanes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.23323
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behrendt, Andreas
AU  - Wulfmeyer, Volker
AU  - Di Girolamo, Paolo
AU  - Kiemle, Christoph
AU  - Bauer, Hans-Stefan
AU  - Schaberl, Thorsten
AU  - Summa, Donato
AU  - Whiteman, David N.
AU  - Demoz, Belay B.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Kooi, Susan
AU  - Ehret, Gerhard
AU  - Junhong Wang
T1  - Intercomparison of Water Vapor Data Measured with Lidar during IHOP_2002. Part I: Airborne to Ground-Based Lidar Systems and Comparisons with Chilled-Mirror Hygrometer Radiosondes.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 21
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The water vapor data measured with airborne and ground-based lidar systems during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002), which took place in the Southern Great Plains during 13 May–25 June 2002 were investigated. So far, the data collected during IHOP_2002 provide the largest set of state-of-the-art water vapor lidar data measured in a field campaign. In this first of two companion papers, intercomparisons between the scanning Raman lidar (SRL) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and two airborne systems are discussed. There are 9 intercomparisons possible between SRL and the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), while there are 10 intercomparisons between SRL and the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) of the NASA Langley Research Center. Mean biases of (-0.30 ± 0.25) g kg-1 or -4.3% ± 3.2% for SRL compared to DLR DIAL (DLR DIAL drier) and (0.16 ± 0.31) g kg-1 or 5.3% ± 5.1% for SRL compared to LASE (LASE wetter) in the height range of 1.3–3.8 km above sea level (450–2950 m above ground level at the SRL site) were found. Putting equal weight on the data reliability of the three instruments, these results yield relative bias values of -4.6%, -0.4%, and +5.0% for DLR DIAL, SRL, and LASE, respectively. Furthermore, measurements of the Snow White (SW) chilled-mirror hygrometer radiosonde were compared with lidar data. For the four comparisons possible between SW radiosondes and SRL, an overall bias of (-0.27 ± 0.30) g kg-1 or -3.2% ± 4.5% of SW compared to SRL (SW drier) again for 1.3–3.8 km above sea level was found. Because it is a challenging effort to reach an accuracy of humidity measurements down to the ∼5% level, the overall results are very satisfactory and confirm the high and stable performance of the instruments and the low noise errors of each profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiosondes
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Hygrometry
KW  - Sea level
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Research institutes
KW  - Scientific experimentation
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23785174; Behrendt, Andreas 1; Email Address: behrendt@uni-hohenheim.de; Wulfmeyer, Volker 1; Di Girolamo, Paolo 2; Kiemle, Christoph 3; Bauer, Hans-Stefan 1; Schaberl, Thorsten 1; Summa, Donato 3; Whiteman, David N. 4; Demoz, Belay B. 4; Browell, Edward V. 5; Ismail, Syed 5; Ferrare, Richard 5; Kooi, Susan 5; Ehret, Gerhard 3; Junhong Wang 6; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Physik und Meteorologie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; 2: Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy; 3: Deutsches Zentrum fûr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 4: Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 6: Atmospheric Technology Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; Issue Info: Jan2007, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p3; Thesaurus Term: Radiosondes; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; Thesaurus Term: Hygrometry; Thesaurus Term: Sea level; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Research institutes; Subject Term: Scientific experimentation; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH1924.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behrendt, Andreas
AU  - Wulfmeyer, Volker
AU  - Kiemle, Christoph
AU  - Ehret, Gerhard
AU  - Flamant, Cyrille
AU  - Schaberl, Thorsten
AU  - Bauer, Hans-Stefan
AU  - Kooi, Susan
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Whiteman, David N.
T1  - Intercomparison of Water Vapor Data Measured with Lidar during IHOP_2002. Part II: Airborne-to-Airborne Systems.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 39
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The dataset of the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) gives the first opportunity for direct intercomparisons of airborne water vapor lidar systems and allows very important conclusions to be drawn for future field campaigns. Three airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) systems were operated simultaneously during some IHOP_2002 missions: the DIAL of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, and the Lidar Embarque pour l’etude des Aerosols et des Nuages de l’interaction Dynamique Rayonnement et du cycle de l’Eau (LEANDRE II) of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Data of one formation flight with DLR DIAL and LEANDRE II were investigated, which consists of 54 independent profiles of the two instruments measured with 10-s temporal average. For the height range of 1.14–1.64 km above sea level, a bias of (-0.41 ± 0.16) g kg-1 or -7.9% ± 3.1% was found for DLR DIAL compared to LEANDRE II (LEANDRE II drier) as well as root-mean-square (RMS) deviations of (0.87 ± 0.18) g kg-1 or 16.9% ± 3.5%. With these results, relative bias values of -9.3%, -1.5%, +2.7%, and +8.1% result for LEANDRE II, DLR DIAL, the scanning Raman lidar (SRL), and LASE, respectively, using the mutual bias values determined in Part I for the latter three sensors. From the three possible profile-to-profile intercomparisons between DLR DIAL and LASE, one case cannot provide information on the system performances due to very large inhomogeneity of the atmospheric water vapor field, while one of the two remaining two cases showed a difference of -4.6% in the height range of 1.4–3.0 km and the other of -25% in 1.3–3.8 km (in both cases DLR DIAL was drier than LASE). The airborne-to-airborne comparisons showed that if airborne water vapor lidars are to be validated down to an accuracy of better than 5% in the lower troposphere, the atmospheric variability of water vapor has to be taken into account down to scales of less than a kilometer unless a sufficiently large number of intercomparison cases is available to derive statistically solid biases and RMS deviations. In conclusion, the overall biases between the water vapor data of all three airborne lidar systems operated during IHOP_2002 are smaller than 10% in the present stage of data evaluation, which confirms the previous estimates of the instrumental accuracies for all the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sea level
KW  - Water levels
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Sundials
KW  - Water vapor transport
KW  - Research institutes
KW  - Mathematical analysis
KW  - Scientific experimentation
N1  - Accession Number: 23785183; Behrendt, Andreas 1; Email Address: behrendt@uni-hohenheim.de; Wulfmeyer, Volker 1; Kiemle, Christoph 2; Ehret, Gerhard 2; Flamant, Cyrille 3; Schaberl, Thorsten 1; Bauer, Hans-Stefan 1; Kooi, Susan 4; Ismail, Syed 4; Ferrare, Richard 4; Browell, Edward V. 4; Whiteman, David N. 5; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Physik und Meteorologie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany; 2: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 3: CNRS Service Aéronomie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Jan2007, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p22; Thesaurus Term: Sea level; Thesaurus Term: Water levels; Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Sundials; Subject Term: Water vapor transport; Subject Term: Research institutes; Subject Term: Mathematical analysis; Subject Term: Scientific experimentation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH1925.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Dose—Response Effects of Intermittent PTH on Cancellous Bone in Hindlimb Unloaded Rats.
AU  - Turner, Russell T.
AU  - Evans, Glenda L.
AU  - Lotinun, Sutada
AU  - Lapke, Paul D.
AU  - Iwaniec, Urszula T.
AU  - Morey-Holton, Emily
JO  - Journal of Bone & Mineral Research
JF  - Journal of Bone & Mineral Research
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
SP  - 64
EP  - 71
SN  - 08840431
N1  - Accession Number: 24010204; Author: Turner, Russell T.: 1 email: russell.turner@oregonstate.edu. Author: Evans, Glenda L.: 2 Author: Lotinun, Sutada: 1 Author: Lapke, Paul D.: 1 Author: Iwaniec, Urszula T.: 1 Author: Morey-Holton, Emily: 3 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA: 2 Department of Orthopedics, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA: 3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20070215
N2  - The article examines the dose-response effects of intermittent parathyroid (PTH) hormone on cancellous bone of hindlimb unloaded rats. The skeletal unloading of matured skeletal rats results in trabecular thinning in the proximal tibial metaphysis which in part caused by a decrease in bone formation. The bone response was measured by μCT analysis of messenger RNA levels for bone matrix protein. It has been found out the correlation of the decrease cancellous bone volume with the therapeutic dose.
KW  - *BONES -- Metabolism
KW  - *MESSENGER RNA
KW  - DOSE-response relationship (Biochemistry)
KW  - PARATHYROID hormone
KW  - CLINICAL toxicology
KW  - μCT
KW  - bone formation
KW  - bone matrix proteins
KW  - histomorphometry
KW  - osteoblasts
KW  - spaceflight
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghoshal, A.
AU  - Martin, W. N.
AU  - Schulz, M. J.
AU  - Chattopadhyay, A.
AU  - Prosser, W. H.
AU  - Kim, H. S.
T1  - Health Monitoring of Composite Plates using Acoustic Wave Propagation, Continuous Sensors and Wavelet Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 112
AB  - Health monitoring of aerospace structures can be done passively by listening for acoustic waves generated by cracks, impact damage and delaminations, or actively by propagating diagnostic stress waves and interpreting the parameters that characterize the wave travel. This paper investigates modeling of flexural wave propagation in a plate and the design of sensors to detect damage in plates based on stress wave parameters. To increase understanding of the actual physical process of wave propagation, a simple model is developed to simulate wave propagation in a plate with boundaries. The waves can be simulated by applied forces and moments in the model either to represent passive damage growth or active wave generation using piezoceramic actuators. For active wave generation, the model considers a piezoceramic patch bonded perfectly to a quasi-isotropic glass-epoxy composite plate. Distributed sensors are used on the plate and are modeled as being constructed using active fiber composite and piezoceramic materials. For active wave generation, a moment impulse is generated by the actuation of a piezoceramic patch. The waves generated from the patch are detected by the distributed sensor. For passive sensing of acoustic waves, a step function is used to simulate an acoustic emission from a propagating damage. The resulting acoustic wave is measured by the distributed sensor and produces micro-strains in the sensor nodes. The strains produce a single voltage signal output from the distributed sensor. Computational simulations and animations of acoustic wave propagation in a plate are discussed in the article. A new method to locate the source of an acoustic emission using the time history of the dominant lower frequency components of the flexural wave mode detected by continuous sensors is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLEXURE
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - STRESS waves
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - active wave propagation
KW  - distributed sensor
KW  - health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 23781388; Ghoshal, A. 1; Martin, W. N. 2; Schulz, M. J. 3; Chattopadhyay, A. 4,5; Prosser, W. H. 6; Kim, H. S. 7; Source Information: 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p95; Subject: FLEXURE; Subject: PLATES (Engineering); Subject: STRESS waves; Subject: ACTUATORS; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject: ACOUSTIC emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: active wave propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: distributed sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: health monitoring; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684407069965
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mahaney, William C.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Cabrol, Nathalie A.
AU  - Grin, Edmond A.
AU  - Berman, Daniel C.
T1  - Rock glaciers on Mars: Earth-based clues to Mars’ recent paleoclimatic history
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 192
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Mars Orbital Camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, which is currently orbiting about Mars, has revealed hundreds of pristine lobate and tongue-shaped flows that closely display the morphological characteristics of terrestrial rock glaciers, both tongue- and lobe-shaped forms. Generally located between 30°S and 47°S latitude on Mars, these terrestrial-like flows have important paleoenvironmental implications, including marking environmental change from current, present cold and dry desert martian conditions to cold wetter climates in the past. Paleoenvironmental conditions, hypothesized to have significantly influenced the dimensions of the terrestrial-like flows, is supported through a simple dynamic model with the power-law rheology. The presence of periglacial landforms on Mars indicates the possible presence of permafrost and potential caches of water for future exobiological exploration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Frozen ground
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Rock glaciers
KW  - Colloids
KW  - Mars
KW  - Paleoclimatology
KW  - Rock Glacier Rheology
N1  - Accession Number: 23516590; Mahaney, William C. 1; Email Address: arkose@rogers.com; Miyamoto, Hideaki 2; Email Address: miyamoto@geosys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Dohm, James M. 3; Email Address: jmd@hwr.arizona.edu; Baker, Victor R. 3; Email Address: baker@hwr.arizona.edu; Cabrol, Nathalie A. 4; Email Address: ncabrol@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Grin, Edmond A. 4; Berman, Daniel C. 5; Email Address: bermandc@psi.edu; Affiliations: 1: Quaternary Surveys, 26 Thornhill Avenue, Thornhill, Ont., Canada L4J 1J4; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona and Department of Geosystem Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan; 3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 4: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 5: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Issue Info: Jan2007, Vol. 55 Issue 1/2, p181; Thesaurus Term: Frozen ground; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Rock glaciers; Subject Term: Colloids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paleoclimatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock Glacier Rheology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kowalski, Scott M.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Vining, G. Geoffrey
T1  - Tutorial: Industrial Split-plot Experiments.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08982112
AB  - Many industrial experiments involve two types of factors: those that are hard-to-change and those that are easy-to-change (ETC). Hard-to-change (HTC) factors have levels that are difficult and/or expensive to change. As a result, the experimenter would prefer to run the experiment in such a manner as to minimize the number of times that he/she must change the levels of these factors. Unfortunately, it is precisely the changing of these levels that provides the information about the effects of the HTC factors. Consequently, when we minimize the number of times we change the levels of these factors, we also minimize the relevant information about their effects.This paper summarizes the structure and the analysis of industrial split-plot experiments. The purpose of this article is to teach practitioners how to identify split-plot experimental conditions, how to run the experiment efficiently, and then how to analyze the results. The article illustrates both first-order and second-order experiments. The first four sections provide a basic background on experimental design and an introduction to first-order split-plot experiments. The remainder of this article contains more advanced topics dealing with second-order, split-plot experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDUSTRIAL engineering
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - INDUSTRIAL design
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - FACTORIAL experiment designs
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - design of experiments
KW  - response surface methodology
KW  - split-plot experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 23518839; Kowalski, Scott M. 1; Email Address: skowalski@minitab.com; Parker, Peter A. 2; Vining, G. Geoffrey 3; Affiliations: 1: Minitab Inc., State College, PA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; 3: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA; Issue Info: Jan2007, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL engineering; Thesaurus Term: SYSTEM analysis; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL design; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: FACTORIAL experiment designs; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: design of experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: response surface methodology; Author-Supplied Keyword: split-plot experiments; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 11 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982110601057179
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Stofan, E. R.
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Lunine, J. I.
AU  - Lorenz, R. D.
AU  - Stiles, B.
AU  - Mitchell, K. L.
AU  - Ostro, S.
AU  - Soderblom, L.
AU  - Wood, C.
AU  - Zebker, H.
AU  - Wall, S.
AU  - Janssen, M.
AU  - Kirk, R.
AU  - Lopes, R.
AU  - Paganelli, F.
AU  - Radebaugh, J.
AU  - Wye, L.
AU  - Anderson, Y.
AU  - Allison, M.
AU  - Boehmer, R.
T1  - The lakes of Titan.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/01/04/
VL  - 445
IS  - 7123
M3  - Letter
SP  - 61
EP  - 64
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The surface of Saturn’s haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface. Initial visible and radar imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface. Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T16). The radar imaging polewards of 70° north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface. The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan’s surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface ‘liquid methane’ table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Liquid methane
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Lakes
KW  - Lows (Meteorology)
KW  - Titan (Satellite) -- Exploration
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
KW  - Imaging systems in astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 23573859; Stofan, E. R. 1,2; Email Address: estofan@proxemy.com; Elachi, C. 3; Lunine, J. I. 4; Lorenz, R. D. 5; Stiles, B. 3; Mitchell, K. L. 3; Ostro, S. 3; Soderblom, L. 6; Wood, C. 7; Zebker, H. 8; Wall, S. 3; Janssen, M. 3; Kirk, R. 6; Lopes, R. 3; Paganelli, F. 3; Radebaugh, J. 4; Wye, L. 8; Anderson, Y. 3; Allison, M. 9; Boehmer, R. 3; Affiliations: 1: Proxemy Research, Rectortown, Virginia 20140, USA; 2: Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; 5: Space Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, Laurel, Maryland 20723-6099, USA; 6: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; 7: Wheeling Jesuit University and Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA; 8: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA; 9: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration New York, New York 10025, USA; Issue Info: 1/4/2007, Vol. 445 Issue 7123, p61; Thesaurus Term: Liquid methane; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Thesaurus Term: Lakes; Thesaurus Term: Lows (Meteorology); Subject Term: Titan (Satellite) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Subject Term: Imaging systems in astronomy; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature05438
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bardavid, Rahel
AU  - Ionescu, Danny
AU  - Oren, Aharon
AU  - Rainey, Fred
AU  - Hollen, Becky
AU  - Bagaley, Danielle
AU  - Small, Alanna
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Selective enrichment, isolation and molecular detection of Salinibacter and related extremely halophilic Bacteria from hypersaline environments.
JO  - Hydrobiologia
JF  - Hydrobiologia
Y1  - 2007/01/15/
VL  - 576
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 13
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00188158
AB  - Salinibacter is a genus of red, extremely halophilic Bacteria. Thus far the genus is represented by a single species, Salinibacter ruber, strains of which have been isolated from saltern crystallizer ponds in Spain and on the Balearic Islands. Both with respect to its growth conditions and its physiology, Salinibacter resembles the halophilic Archaea of the order Halobacteriales. We have designed selective enrichment and isolation techniques to obtain Salinibacter and related red extremely halophilic Bacteria from different hypersaline environments, based on their resistance to anisomycin and bacitracin, two antibiotics that are potent inhibitors of the halophilic Archaea. Using direct plating on media containing bacitracin, we found Salinibacter-like organisms in numbers between 1.4×103 and 1.4×106ml−1 in brines collected from the crystallizer ponds of the salterns in Eilat, Israel, being equivalent to 1.8–18% of the total colony counts obtained on identical media without bacitracin. A number of strains from Eilat were subjected to a preliminary characterization, and they proved similar to the type strain of S. ruber. We also report here the isolation and molecular detection of Salinibacter-like organisms from an evaporite crust on the bottom of salt pools at the Badwater site in Death Valley, CA. These isolates and environmental 16S rRNA gene sequences differ in a number of properties from S. ruber, and they may represent a new species of Salinibacter or a new related genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Hydrobiologia is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Archaebacteria
KW  - Aquatic biology
KW  - Aquatic organisms
KW  - Saline waters
KW  - Halophilic microorganisms
KW  - Halobacterium
KW  - Anisomycin
KW  - Bacitracin
KW  - Death Valley
KW  - Enrichment
KW  - Hypersaline
KW  - Salinibacter
KW  - Salterns
N1  - Accession Number: 23512608; Bardavid, Rahel 1; Ionescu, Danny 1; Oren, Aharon 1; Email Address: orena@shum.cc.huji.ac.il; Rainey, Fred 2; Hollen, Becky 2; Bagaley, Danielle 2; Small, Alanna 2; McKay, Christopher 3; Affiliations: 1: The Institute of Life Sciences, and The Moshe Shilo Minerva Center for Marine Biogeochemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 Israel; 2: Department of Biological Sciences , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge 70803 USA; 3: Space Science Division , NASA-Ames Research Center , Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Jan2007, Vol. 576 Issue 1, p3; Thesaurus Term: Archaebacteria; Thesaurus Term: Aquatic biology; Thesaurus Term: Aquatic organisms; Thesaurus Term: Saline waters; Subject Term: Halophilic microorganisms; Subject Term: Halobacterium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisomycin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacitracin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Death Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enrichment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersaline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salinibacter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salterns; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10750-006-0288-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - McNaughton, Cameron S.
AU  - Clarke, Antony D.
AU  - Howell, Steven G.
AU  - Pinkerton, Mitchell
AU  - Anderson, Bruce
AU  - Thornhill, Lee
AU  - Hudgins, Charlie
AU  - Winstead, Edward
AU  - Dibb, Jack E.
AU  - Scheuer, Eric
AU  - Maring, Hal
T1  - Results from the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE): Airborne Versus Surface Sampling of Mineral Dust and Sea Salt Aerosols.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 136
EP  - 159
SN  - 02786826
AB  - During May and June of 2003 NASA conducted the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE). The study was undertaken to quantify the performance of three passive, solid diffuser inlets used aboard the DC-8 aircraft to sample optically effective aerosol sizes. Aerosol optical properties measured behind the University of Hawai'i (UH) and the University of New Hampshire (UNH) inlets were within 10% of the ground based measurements whereas the NASA Langley (LaRC) inlet reduced scattering values for supermicrometer dust by approximately 50%. Based on the DICE results the aerodynamic 50% passing efficiency of the inlets and transport plumbing is determined to be above 5.0 and 4.1 μm for the UH and UNH inlets and 3.6 μm for the LaRC inlet. These aerodynamic sizes correspond to geometric particle diameters of 3.1, 2.5, and 2.0 μm ignoring shape factor and assuming particle densities of 2.6 g cm-3. Sea salt aerosols sampled at high relative humidity revealed that the UH and the UNH inlets performed nearly identically in the marine environment. Aerosol optical properties measured behind the UH inlet were within 30% of measurements made at the NOAA/ESRL Trinidad Head Observatory and in some cases were better than 10%. We conclude that quantitative measurements of optical properties and processes linked to aerosol surface chemistry can be effectively studied aboard the NASA DC-8 using the UH and UNH inlets because aerosol particles less than 4 μm in aerodynamic diameter typically dominate aerosol optical properties and surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particle size determination
KW  - Surface chemistry
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Aeronautics -- United States
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24155078; McNaughton, Cameron S. 1; Clarke, Antony D. 1; Howell, Steven G. 1; Pinkerton, Mitchell 1; Anderson, Bruce 2; Thornhill, Lee 3; Hudgins, Charlie 3; Winstead, Edward 4; Dibb, Jack E. 5; Scheuer, Eric 5; Maring, Hal 6; Affiliations: 1: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i. Honolulu, Hawaii. USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center. Hampton, Virginia. USA; 3: SAIC. Hampton, Virginia. USA; 4: GATS, Inc. Hampton, Virginia. USA; 5: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire. Durham, New Hampshire. USA; 6: NASA Headquarters. Washington, DC. USA; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p136; Thesaurus Term: Particle size determination; Thesaurus Term: Surface chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Aeronautics -- United States; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 7 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820601118406
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuzmanoski, M.
AU  - Box, M. A.
AU  - Box, G. P.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Wang, J.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Jonsson, H. H.
AU  - Seinfeld, J. H.
T1  - Aerosol Properties Computed from Aircraft-Based Observations during the ACE-Asia Campaign: 1. Aerosol Size Distributions Retrieved from Optical Thickness Measurements.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 216
SN  - 02786826
AB  - In this article, aerosol size distributions retrieved from aerosol layer optical thickness spectra, derived from the 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) measurements during the ACE-Asia campaign, are presented. Focusing on distinct aerosol layers (with different particle characteristics) observed in four vertical profiles, we compare the results of two different retrieval methods: constrained linear inversion and a non-linear least squares method. While the former does not use any assumption about the analytical form of the size distribution, the latter was used to retrieve parameters of a bimodal lognormal size distribution. Furthermore, comparison of the retrieved size distributions with those measured in-situ, aboard the same aircraft on which the sunphotometer was flown, was carried out. Results of the two retrieval methods showed good agreement in the radius ranges from ∼0.1 μm to ∼1.2–2.0 μm, close to the range of retrievable size distributions from the AATS-14 measurements. In this radius interval, shapes of retrieved and measured size distributions were similar, in accord with close wavelength dependencies of the corresponding optical thicknesses. Additionally, the effect of a size-resolved refractive index on the retrieved size spectra was investigated in selected cases. Retrieval using a constant refractive index pertaining to particle sizes within the range of retrievable size distributions resulted in a size distribution very close to the one retrieved using a size-resolved refractive index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Least squares
KW  - Particles (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Qualitative chemical analysis
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Astronomical photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 24155074; Kuzmanoski, M. 1; Box, M. A. 2; Box, G. P. 2; Schmid, B. 3; Wang, J. 4; Russell, P. B. 5; Jonsson, H. H. 6; Seinfeld, J. H. 7; Affiliations: 1: School of Physics, University of New South Wales. Sydney. Australia,Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. Sonoma, California. USA; 2: School of Physics, University of New South Wales. Sydney. Australia; 3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. Sonoma, California. USA,Now at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Richland, Washington. USA; 4: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton, New York. USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center. Moffett Field, California. USA; 6: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies. Marina, California. USA; 7: Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology. Pasadena, California. USA; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p202; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Least squares; Subject Term: Particles (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Qualitative chemical analysis; Subject Term: Photometry; Subject Term: Astronomical photometry; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820601126789
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, D. D.
AU  - Vogelmann, A. M.
AU  - Austin, R. T.
AU  - Barnard, J. C.
AU  - Cady-Pereira, K.
AU  - Chiu, J. C.
AU  - Clough, S. A.
AU  - Flynn, C.
AU  - Khaiyer, M. M.
AU  - Liljegren, J.
AU  - Johnson, K.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Long, C.
AU  - Marshak, A.
AU  - Matrosov, S. Y.
AU  - McFarlane, S. A.
AU  - Miller, M.
AU  - Min, Q.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - O'Hirok, W.
T1  - THIN LIQUID WATER CLOUDS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 88
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 190
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article discusses clouds that contain small amounts of liquid water and the retrieval of their micro-physical properties. Information on thin liquid water clouds that have low liquid water path (LWP) and the challenges in identifying their microphysics are discussed. A cloud property retrieval intercomparison exercise and the importance of these results for climate through radiative flux are presented. Also mentioned are the efforts of a focus group called Clouds with Low Optical Water Depth (CLOWD) of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) in cloud parameterization. The article concludes that the large discrepancies in the retrievals highlight the need for further research in understanding the thin liquid water cloud properties.  INSETS: CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AND REMOTE SENSING;CLOUD RADIATIVE SENSITIVITY.
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Climatology -- Observations
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
KW  - Cloud forecasting
N1  - Accession Number: 24454608; Turner, D. D. 1; Email Address: dturner@ssec.wisc.edu; Vogelmann, A. M. 2; Austin, R. T. 3; Barnard, J. C. 4; Cady-Pereira, K. 5; Chiu, J. C. 6; Clough, S. A. 5; Flynn, C. 4; Khaiyer, M. M. 7; Liljegren, J. 8; Johnson, K. 2; Lin, B. 9; Long, C. 4; Marshak, A. 10; Matrosov, S. Y. 11; McFarlane, S. A. 4; Miller, M. 2; Min, Q. 12; Minnis, P. 10; O'Hirok, W. 13; Affiliations: 1: University of Wisconsin&#x2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 2: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; 3: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; 4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 5: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts; 6: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 7: AS&M, Hampton, Virginia; 8: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 11: CIRES, University of Colorado, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 12: State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York; 13: University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 88 Issue 2, p177; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Climatology -- Observations; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Subject Term: Cloud forecasting; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-177
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Comstock, Jennifer M.
AU  - d'Entremont, Robert
AU  - DeSlover, Daniel
AU  - Mace, Gerald G.
AU  - Matrosov, Sergey Y.
AU  - McFarlane, Sally A.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Mitchell, David
AU  - Sassen, Kenneth
AU  - Shupe, Matthew D.
AU  - Turner, David D.
AU  - Wang, Zhien
T1  - AN INTERCOMPARISON OF MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL ALGORYTHMS FOR UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC ICE CLOUDS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 88
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 204
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article presents a comparison between microphysical retrieval algorithms for the upper-tropospheric ice clouds. Brief details of the cirrus clouds and ice clouds are presented. The basic principles underlying each class of algorithm including spectral infrared and lidar-radar algorithms are discussed. A case study discussing the ability of the state-of-the-art retrievals in retrieving cloud properties is presented. The article discusses the various challenges and potential improvements for the retrieval algorithms.
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 24454609; Comstock, Jennifer M. 1; Email Address: jennifer.comstock@pnl.gov; d'Entremont, Robert 2; DeSlover, Daniel 3; Mace, Gerald G. 4; Matrosov, Sergey Y. 5; McFarlane, Sally A. 1; Minnis, Patrick 6; Mitchell, David 7; Sassen, Kenneth 8; Shupe, Matthew D. 5; Turner, David D. 3; Wang, Zhien 9; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 2: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts; 3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 4: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 5: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 7: Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada; 8: University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska; 9: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 88 Issue 2, p191; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-191
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Predoi-Cross, Adriana
AU  - Brawley-Tremblay, Shannon
AU  - Povey, Chad
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - Experimental air-broadened line parameters in the ν2 band of CH3D.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Physics
JF  - Canadian Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 85
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 218
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084204
AB  - In this study, we report the first experimental measurements of air-broadening and air-induced pressure-shift coefficients for approximately 378 transitions in the ν2 fundamental band of CH3D. These results were obtained from analysis of 17 room-temperature laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.0056 cm–1 resolution using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located on Kitt Peak, Ariz. Three absorption cells with path lengths of 10.2, 25, and 150 cm were used to record the spectra. The total sample pressures ranged from 0.129 × 10–2 to 52.855 × 10–2 atm with CH3D volume mixing ratios of approximately 0.0109 in air. The spectra were analyzed using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique. We report measurements for air pressure-broadening coefficients for transitions with quantum numbers as high as J′′ = 20 and K = 15, where K′′ = K′ ≡ K (for a parallel band). The measured air-broadening coefficients range from 0.0205 to 0.0835 cm–1atm–1 at 296 K. All the measured pressure-shift coefficients are negative and are found to vary from about –0.0005 to –0.0080 cm–1 atm–1 at the temperature of the spectra. We have examined the dependence of the measured broadening and shift parameters on the J′′, and K quantum numbers and also developed empirical expressions to describe the broadening coefficients in terms of m (m = –J′′, J′′, and J′′ + 1 in the QP-, QQ-, and QR-branch, respectively) and K. On average, the empirical expressions reproduce the measured broadening coefficients to within 4.4%.PACS Nos.: 33.20.Ea, 39.30+w (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Dans cette étude nous présentons les premières mesures expérimentales des coefficients d'étalement et d'élargissement dû à la pression d'air pour approximativement 378 transitions dans la bande fondamentale ν2 de CH3D. Ces résultats sont obtenus de l'analyse de 17 spectres d'absorption pris à la température du laboratoire avec une résolution de 0,0056 cm–1 en utilisant un spectromètre McMath–Pierce à transformée de Fourier situé à Kitt Peak en Arizona. Nous avons utilisé trois cellules d'absorption avec des longueurs de parcours de 10,2, 25 et 150 cm, afin d'enregistrer les spectres. La pression totale des échantillons allait de 0,129 x 10–2 à 52,855 × 10–2 atm, avec un rapport de mélange en volume de CH3D dans l'air de 0,0109 approximativement. Les spectres ont été analysés à l'aide d'une méthode d'ajustement par moindres carrés non linéaire et multispectrale. Nous présentons des mesures de coefficients d'étalement par pression pour des transitions avec nombres quantiques aussi hauts que J′′ = 20 et K = 15, où K = K′ = K′′ (pour bande parallèle). Ces mesures donnent toutes des coefficients négatifs qui varient approximativement de –0,005 à –0,0835 cm–1 atm–1 à la température des spectres. Nous avons examiné la dépendance des paramètres d'étalement et d'élargissement sur les nombres quantiques J′′ et K et avons développé des expressions empiriques pour décrire les coefficients d'étalement en fonction de m (m = –J′, J′′ et J′′ + 1 dans les branches QP, QQ et QR respectivement) et K. En moyenne, les expressions empiriques reproduisent les coefficients mesurés avec une précision de 4,4%.[Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pressure
KW  - Absorption spectra
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Exciton theory
KW  - Molecular spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 24961968; Predoi-Cross, Adriana 1; Email Address: Adriana.predoicross@uleth.ca; Brawley-Tremblay, Shannon 1; Povey, Chad 1; Smith, Mary Ann H. 2; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA.; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 85 Issue 2, p199; Thesaurus Term: Air pressure; Thesaurus Term: Absorption spectra; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Exciton theory; Subject Term: Molecular spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Hiatt, Seth
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Gross, Peggy
T1  - Satellite-derived estimates of potential carbon sequestration through afforestation of agricultural lands in the United States.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 80
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 336
SN  - 01650009
AB  - Afforestation of marginal agricultural lands represents a promising option for carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. An ecosystem carbon model was used to generate new national maps of annual net primary production (NPP), one each for continuous land covers of 'forest', 'crop', and 'rangeland' over the entire U. S. continental area. Direct inputs of satellite "greenness" data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor into the NASA-CASA carbon model at 8-km spatial resolution were used to estimate spatial variability in monthly NPP and potential biomass accumulation rates in a uniquely detailed manner. The model predictions of regrowth forest production lead to a conservative national projection of 0.3 Pg C as potential carbon stored each year on relatively low-production crop or rangeland areas. On a regional level, the top five states for total crop afforestation potential were: Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri, whereas the top five states for total rangeland afforestation potential are: Texas, California, Montana, New Mexico, and Colorado. Afforestation at this level of intensity has the capacity to offset at least one-fifth of annual fossil fuel emission of carbon in the United States. These projected afforestation carbon gains also match or exceed recent estimates of the annual sink for atmospheric CO2 in currently forested area of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Afforestation
KW  - Carbon sequestration
KW  - Ecosystem management
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Sinks (Atmospheric chemistry)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 24906710; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Klooster, Steven 2; Hiatt, Seth 3; Fladeland, Matthew 1; Genovese, Vanessa 2; Gross, Peggy; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA; 3: San Jose State University and Education Associates, Moffett Field, CA; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 80 Issue 3/4, p323; Thesaurus Term: Afforestation; Thesaurus Term: Carbon sequestration; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystem management; Thesaurus Term: Agriculture; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Sinks (Atmospheric chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Rhodes, Kevin L.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Hypolithic community shifts occur as a result of liquid water availability along environmental gradients in China's hot and cold hyperarid deserts.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 424
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Hypolithic cyanobacterial communities occur in hot and cold hyperarid environments but the physical factors determining their diversity are not well understood. Here we report hypolithic diversity and colonization of a common quartz substrate at several hyperarid locations in the ancient deserts of north-western China, that experience varying mean annual temperature, rainfall and concomitant availability of liquid water in soil. Microscopy and enrichment culture resulted only in Chroococcidiopsis morphotypes which were ubiquitous, but community phylogenetic analysis revealed considerable cyanobacterial and heterotrophic bacterial diversity. Species Richness and Shannon's Diversity Index displayed a significant positive linear correlation with availability of liquid water but not temperature or rainfall alone. Several taxonomic groups occurred only in specific climatically defined locations, while for Chroococcidiopsis, Deinococcus and Phormidium location specific lineages within these genera were also evident. Multivariate analysis was used to illustrate pronounced community shifts due to liquid water availability, although these did not significantly affect the predicted functional relationships within any given assemblage in either hot or cold, wet or dry hyperarid deserts. This study clearly demonstrates that availability of liquid water, rather than temperature or rainfall per se is the key determinant of hypolithic diversity in hyperarid locations, and furthermore that functionally similar yet taxonomically distinct communities occur, characterized by the presence of taxa that are specific to defined levels of aridity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Cladistic analysis
KW  - Bacterial diversity
KW  - Arid regions ecology
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Water
KW  - China
N1  - Accession Number: 23626525; Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Email Address: pointing@hku.hk; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 2; Lacap, Donnabella C. 1; Rhodes, Kevin L. 3; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliations: 1: School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China; 2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, HI 97620, USA; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p414; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Cladistic analysis; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial diversity; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions ecology; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Water; Subject: China; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01153.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo
AU  - Blanc, José Luis
AU  - Frangópulos, Maximo
T1  - Depth-dependent Overtides from Internal Tide Reflection in a Glacial Fjord.
JO  - Estuaries & Coasts
JF  - Estuaries & Coasts
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 136
SN  - 15592723
AB  - Observations of current velocity profiles and hydrography over and near a tall sill in a Chilean glacial fjord are used to illustrate the interactions between barotropic and baroclinic tides. The character of the barotropic tide in the glacial fjord is mixed with semidiurnal dominance. The ratio of sill height to water column depth at the study Site is Ca. 0.95. Water column stratification appeared only in the upper 5 m of the water column. Current velocity variations in the stratified surface layer were quite different to those underneath. Below the pycnocline, nonlinear interactions between semidiurnal M2 and diurnal K1 oscillations yielded a third-diurnal distortion MK3. Most interesting, surface layer currents were distorted by the superposition of semidiurnal M2 and sixthdiurnal M6 oscillations. The oscillations with M6 variability were identified, through wave superposition approaches, as reflected internal tides linked to M2 tidal variations. This was confinned by theoretical results of stratified barotropic tidal flows interacting with abrupt bathymetry. Under the predominantly tidally mixed regime of the study area, the distortion to surface currents caused by the reflected wave was nearly symmetric during the large tidal ranges of the diurnal cycle. Nearly symmetric distortions resulted as the phase lag between incident and reflected wave- induced currents was small (reflected currents developing a few minutes after maximum tidal flows). During the small ranges of the diurnal cycle, distortions were asymmetrical because of the relatively larger phase lags of the reflected signal (reflected currents developing tens of minutes after maximum tidal flows). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Estuaries & Coasts is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fjords
KW  - Hydrography
KW  - Tidal currents
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Oscillations
KW  - Sills (Geology)
N1  - Accession Number: 24717376; Valle-Levinson, Arnoldo 1; Email Address: arnoldo@ufl.edu; Blanc, José Luis 2; Frangópulos, Maximo 3; Affiliations: 1: Civil and Coastal Engineering, University of Florida, 365 Weil Hall, Gainesville, Florida 32611; 2: Code 614, Observational Science Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Wallops Flight Facility, Building N-159, Room E226, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337; 3: Fundación Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario Fuego-Patagonia (CE QUA), Avenida Bulnes 01890, Punta Arenas, Chile; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p127; Thesaurus Term: Fjords; Thesaurus Term: Hydrography; Thesaurus Term: Tidal currents; Thesaurus Term: Salinity; Subject Term: Oscillations; Subject Term: Sills (Geology); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steven, Blaire
AU  - Briggs, Geoffrey
AU  - McKay, Chris P.
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
AU  - Greer, Charles W.
AU  - Whyte, Lyle G.
T1  - Characterization of the microbial diversity in a permafrost sample from the Canadian high Arctic using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 513
EP  - 523
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 01686496
AB  - A combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methodologies ( Bacteria and Archaea 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses) was used to determine the microbial diversity present within a geographically distinct high Arctic permafrost sample. Culturable Bacteria isolates, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria with spore-forming Firmicutes being the most abundant; the majority of the isolates (19/23) were psychrotolerant, some (11/23) were halotolerant, and three isolates grew at −5°C. A Bacteria 16S rRNA gene library containing 101 clones was composed of 42 phylotypes related to diverse phylogenetic groups including the Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cytophaga – Flavobacteria – Bacteroides, Planctomyces and Gemmatimonadetes; the bacterial 16S rRNA gene phylotypes were dominated by Actinobacteria- and Proteobacteria-related sequences. An Archaea 16S rRNA gene clone library containing 56 clones was made up of 11 phylotypes and contained sequences related to both of the major Archaea domains ( Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota); the majority of sequences in the Archaea library were related to halophilic Archaea. Characterization of the microbial diversity existing within permafrost environments is important as it will lead to a better understanding of how microorganisms function and survive in such extreme cryoenvironments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Microbial diversity
KW  - Archaebacteria
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - Molecular cloning
KW  - Cytophaga
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - Canada
KW  - culture-dependent
KW  - culture-independent
KW  - microbial diversity
N1  - Accession Number: 23697551; Steven, Blaire 1; Briggs, Geoffrey 2; McKay, Chris P. 2; Pollard, Wayne H. 3; Greer, Charles W. 4; Whyte, Lyle G. 1; Email Address: lyle.white@mcgill.ca; Affiliations: 1: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 3: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 4: National Research Council of Canada, Biotechnology Research Institute, Montreal, Canada; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p513; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Microbial diversity; Thesaurus Term: Archaebacteria; Thesaurus Term: Phylogeny; Subject Term: Molecular cloning; Subject Term: Cytophaga; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject: Canada; Author-Supplied Keyword: culture-dependent; Author-Supplied Keyword: culture-independent; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial diversity; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00247.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - Mahan, Shannon A.
AU  - Singhvi, Ashok K.
AU  - Navarro-Aceves, Rafael
AU  - Rajot, Jean-Louis
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Coll, Patrice
AU  - Raulin, François
T1  - Paleoecology reconstruction from trapped gases in a fulgurite from the late Pleistocene of the Libyan Desert.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 174
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - When lightning strikes the ground, it heats, melts, and fuses the sand in soils to form glass tubes known as fulgurites. We report here the composition of CO2, CO, and NO contained within the glassy bubbles of a fulgurite from the Libyan Desert. The results show that the fulgurite formed when the ground contained 0.1 wt% organic carbon with a C/N ratio of 10-15 and a δ13C of -13.96‰, compositions similar to those found in the present-day semiarid region of the Sahel, where the vegetation is dominated by C4 plants. Thermoluminescence dating indicates that this fulgurite formed ~15 k.y. ago. These results imply that the semiarid Sahel (at 17°N) reached at least to 24°N at this time, and demonstrate that fulgurite gases and luminescence geochronology can be used in quantitative paleoecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Paleoecology
KW  - Gases
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Fulgurites
KW  - Stratigraphic geology -- Pleistocene
KW  - Thermoluminescence dating
KW  - Libyan Desert
KW  - fulgurite
KW  - lightning
KW  - paleoenvironment
KW  - Pleistocene
KW  - Sahel
KW  - thermoluminescence
N1  - Accession Number: 24015242; Navarro-González, Rafael 1; Mahan, Shannon A. 2; Singhvi, Ashok K. 3; Navarro-Aceves, Rafael 4; Rajot, Jean-Louis 5; McKay, Christopher P. 6; Coll, Patrice 7; Raulin, François 7; Affiliations: 1: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico OF. 04510, Mexico, and Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systëmes Atmosphériques, UMR CNRS 7583, Universités Paris 12 and Paris 7, CMC, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F94010 Créteil Cedex, France; 2: U.S: Geological Survey, MS 974, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA; 3: Planetary and Geoscience Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, India; 4: Laboratorio de QuImica de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad lJniversitaria, Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico OF. 04510, Mexico; 5: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR 049, BP 11416 Niamey, Niger; 6: Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; 7: Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques, UMR CNRS 7583, Universités Paris 12 and Paris 7, CMC, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle F 94010 Créteil Cedex, France; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p171; Thesaurus Term: Paleoecology; Thesaurus Term: Gases; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Nitric oxide; Subject Term: Fulgurites; Subject Term: Stratigraphic geology -- Pleistocene; Subject Term: Thermoluminescence dating; Subject: Libyan Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: fulgurite; Author-Supplied Keyword: lightning; Author-Supplied Keyword: paleoenvironment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pleistocene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sahel; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermoluminescence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G23245A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brenner, Anita C.
AU  - Dimarzio, John P.
AU  - Zwally, H. Jay
T1  - Precision and Accuracy of Satellite Radar and Laser Altimeter Data Over the Continental Ice Sheets.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 331
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The unprecedented accuracy of elevations retrieved from the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimeter is investigated and used to characterize the range errors in the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) and European Remote Sensing 2 Satellite (ERS-2) radar altimeters over the continental ice sheets. Cross-mission crossover analysis between time-coincident ERS-2-, Envisat-, and ICESat-retrieved elevations and comparisons to an ICESat-derived digital elevation map are used to quantify the radar elevation error budget as a function of surface slope and to investigate the effectiveness of a method to account for the radar altimeter slope-induced error. The precision and accuracy of the elevations retrieved from the ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System and the European Space Agency radar altimeters on ERS-2 and Envisat are calculated over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets using a crossover analysis. As a result of this work, the laser precision is found to vary as a function of surface slope from 14 to 59 cm, and the radar precision varies from 59 cm to 3.7 m for ERS-2 and from 28 cm to 2.06 m for Envisat. Envisat elevation retrievals when compared with ICESat results over regions with less than 0.1° surface slopes show a mean difference of 9 ± 5 cm for Greenland and -40 ± 98 cm over Antarctica. ERS-2 elevation retrievals over these same low surface slope regions differ from ICESat results by -56 ± 72 cm over Greenland and 1.12 ± 1.16 m over Antarctica. At higher surface slopes of 0.7° to 0.8°, the Envisat/ICESat differences increase to -2.27 ± 23 m over Greenland and to 0.05 ± 26 m over Antarctica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALTITUDES -- Measurement
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - TOPOGRAPHICAL surveying
KW  - SYNTHETIC aperture radar
KW  - LASER guide star adaptive optics
KW  - IMAGING systems in geophysics
KW  - ELECTRONIC pulse techniques
KW  - Altimetry
KW  - ice
KW  - laser measurements
KW  - radar altimetry
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 23912879; Brenner, Anita C. 1; Email Address: Anita_Brenner@ssaihq.com; Dimarzio, John P. 2; Email Address: john.p.dimarzio@gsfc.nasa.gov; Zwally, H. Jay 3; Email Address: H.J.Zwally@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA; 2: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p321; Subject Term: ALTITUDES -- Measurement; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: TOPOGRAPHICAL surveying; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC aperture radar; Subject Term: LASER guide star adaptive optics; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in geophysics; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC pulse techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: laser measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: radar altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541370 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.887172
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobigeon, Nicolas
AU  - Tourneret, Jean-Yves
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - Joint Segmentation of Multivariate Astronomical Time Series: Bayesian Sampling With a Hierarchical Model.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
PY  - 2007/02//
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 55
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 423
SN  - 1053587X
AB  - Astronomy and other sciences often face the problem of detecting and characterizing structure in two or more related time series. This paper approaches such problems using Bayesian priors to represent relationships between signals with various degrees of certainty, and not just rigid constraints. The segmentation is conducted by using a hierarchical Bayesian approach to a piecewise constant Poisson rate model. A Gibbs sampling strategy allows joint estimation of the unknown parameters and hyperparameters. Results obtained with synthetic and real photon counting data illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIVARIATE analysis
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 23964905; Source Information: Feb2007, Vol. 55 Issue 2, p414; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TSP.2006.885768
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Berger, Marsha
T1  - HIGH RESOLUTION AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS USING THE NASA COLUMBIA SUPERCOMPUTER.
JO  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
JF  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Y1  - 2007///Spring2007
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 126
SN  - 10943420
AB  - The article presents a study analyzing the parallel performance of two aerodynamic simulation packages used for aerospace design. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques have been used in the aerospace vehicle design process in a limited range of flight conditions. In order to deliver more optimal designs and accelerate the design process using CFD techniques, variable fidelity models were run on the NASA Columbia supercomputer. These multi-grid packages employ both a high-fidelity model to analyze the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Strokes equations (NSU3D) and a lower-fidelity model based on inviscid flow analysis for cut-cell Cartesian meshes (CART3D). Results of the study showed that the combination of these packages enabled high-fidelity analysis of the design performance for the entire flight envelope.
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - computational fluid dynamics
KW  - hybrid programming
KW  - NASA Columbia
KW  - OpenMP
KW  - scalability
KW  - SGI Altix
KW  - unstructured
N1  - Accession Number: 24136164; Mavriplis, Dimitri J. 1; Aftosmis, Michael J. 2; Berger, Marsha 3; Email Address: BERGER@CIMS.NYU.EDU; Source Information: Spring2007, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p106; Subject: AERODYNAMICS; Subject: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject: COMPUTER simulation; Subject: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject: INVISCID flow; Subject: COMPUTER programming; Subject: FLIGHT; Author-Supplied Keyword: computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Columbia; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP; Author-Supplied Keyword: scalability; Author-Supplied Keyword: SGI Altix; Author-Supplied Keyword: unstructured; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1094342006074872
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Su, Wenying
AU  - Loukachine, Konstantin
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Priestley, Kory J.
AU  - Matthews, Grant
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Davies, R.
T1  - Multi-Instrument Comparison of Top-of-Atmosphere Reflected Solar Radiation.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 575
EP  - 591
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Observations from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Sea-Viewing Wide-Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) between 2000 and 2005 are analyzed in order to determine if these data are meeting climate accuracy goals recently established by the climate community. The focus is primarily on top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflected solar radiances and radiative fluxes. Direct comparisons of nadir radiances from CERES, MODIS, and MISR aboard the Terra satellite reveal that the measurements from these instruments exhibit a year-to-year relative stability of better than 1%, with no systematic change with time. By comparison, the climate requirement for the stability of visible radiometer measurements is 1% decade-1. When tropical ocean monthly anomalies in shortwave (SW) TOA radiative fluxes from CERES on Terra are compared with anomalies in Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) from SeaWiFS—an instrument whose radiance stability is better than 0.07% during its first six years in orbit—the two are strongly anticorrelated. After scaling the SeaWiFS anomalies by a constant factor given by the slope of the regression line fit between CERES and SeaWiFS anomalies, the standard deviation in the difference between monthly anomalies from the two records is only 0.2 W m-2, and the difference in their trend lines is only 0.02 ± 0.3 W m-2 decade-1, approximately within the 0.3 W m-2 decade-1 stability requirement for climate accuracy. For both the Tropics and globe, CERES Terra SW TOA fluxes show no trend between March 2000 and June 2005. Significant differences are found between SW TOA flux trends from CERES Terra and CERES Aqua between August 2002 and March 2005. This discrepancy is due to uncertainties in the adjustment factors used to account for degradation of the CERES Aqua optics during hemispheric scan mode operations. Comparisons of SW TOA flux between CERES Terra and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) radiative flux profile dataset (FD) RadFlux product show good agreement in monthly anomalies between January 2002 and December 2004, and poor agreement prior to this period. Commonly used statistical tools applied to the CERES Terra data reveal that in order to detect a statistically significant trend of magnitude 0.3 W m-2 decade-1 in global SW TOA flux, approximately 10 to 15 yr of data are needed. This assumes that CERES Terra instrument calibration remains highly stable, long-term climate variability remains constant, and the Terra spacecraft has enough fuel to last 15 yr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Global radiation
KW  - Climatic normals
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Electromagnetic waves
N1  - Accession Number: 23940642; Loeb, Norman G. 1,2,3; Email Address: n.g.loeb@larc.nasa.gov; Wielicki, Bruce A. 4; Su, Wenying 1; Loukachine, Konstantin 5; Sun, Wenbo 1; Wong, Takmeng 4; Priestley, Kory J. 4; Matthews, Grant 6; Miller, Walter F. 5; Davies, R. 7,8; Affiliations: 1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 2: ** Current affiliation: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Corresponding author address: Dr. Norman G. Loeb, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199.; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 6: Analytical Services and Materials, Hampton, Virginia; 7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 8: ++ Current affiliation: University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p575; Thesaurus Term: Solar energy; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Global radiation; Thesaurus Term: Climatic normals; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Heat flux; Subject Term: Electromagnetic waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fleming, aErich D.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Castenholz, Richard W.
T1  - EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE RESUMPTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN REHYDRATED CYANOBACTERIAL MATS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 24
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Lyngbya mats in the intertidal of the Laguna Ojo de Liebre are metabolically active for only a few days every 2 weeks during spring tides, with environmental conditions varying greatly during these periods of hydration. Pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry (PAM) and oxygen measurements were used to measure photosynthetic activity during the first few hours after rehydration under various light intensities and salinities. Upon rehydration, a transitory maximum in respiratory activity (10–30 min) occurred before the resumption of photosynthesis, which could recover in about 2 h. Salinities outside the mats' natural range (35–50 psu) were detrimental to photosynthetic recovery. Both high (100 psu) and low (0–10 psu) salinities slowed recovery as well as lowered the overall photosynthetic yield. Photosynthesis was initiated earlier and recovered more rapidly with increasing light intensity. In addition, the positive effect of light on rates of recovery was disproportionately greater at lower salinities (10–25 psu) where high light (500 W·m−2) counteracted the negative effects of low-salt stress early in recovery. However, higher light intensities became photoinhibitory later in recovery (>2 h). Photosynthesis did not recover uniformly within the mat. Filaments deeper in the mat most likely recovered later than those near the surface due to high light attenuation. The ability of the mats to tolerate desiccation and take advantage of hydration periods even when conditions are suboptimal enables these mats to predominate in the intertidal environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Lyngbya
KW  - Pulse amplitude modulation
KW  - Fluorimetry
KW  - Hydration
KW  - desiccation
KW  - Lyngbya aestuarii
KW  - PAM fluorometry
KW  - photosynthesis
KW  - rehydration
KW  - salt stress
N1  - Accession Number: 23894213; Fleming, aErich D. 1; Email Address: efleming@uoregon.edu; Bebout, Brad M. 2; Castenholz, Richard W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p15; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Salinity; Thesaurus Term: Lyngbya; Subject Term: Pulse amplitude modulation; Subject Term: Fluorimetry; Subject Term: Hydration; Author-Supplied Keyword: desiccation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lyngbya aestuarii; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAM fluorometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: rehydration; Author-Supplied Keyword: salt stress; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00297.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Kowalski, Scott M.
AU  - Vining, G. Geoffrey
T1  - Construction of Balanced Equivalent Estimation Second-Order Split-Plot Designs.
JO  - Technometrics
JF  - Technometrics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 65
SN  - 00401706
AB  - Practical restrictions on randomization are commonplace in industrial experiments due to the presence of hard-to-change or costly-to-change factors. Using a split-plot design (SPD) structure reduces the number of times that these hard-to-change factors are reset during the experiment. A class of second-order response surface SPDs has been proposed in which the ordinary least squares estimates of the model are equivalent to the generalized least squares estimates. Equivalent estimation designs provide best linear unbiased estimates that are independent of the variance components and can be obtained with standard statistical software. Moreover, design selection is robust to model misspecification and does not require previous knowledge of the variance components. This article expands the conditions to obtain equivalent estimation designs and outlines two systematic design construction techniques for building balanced versions of the central composite design. In addition, it presents an approach to generating equivalent estimation V-optimal designs. By applying these design construction techniques, a catalog of designs is generated. These methods provide practitioners with the necessary tools to build equivalent estimation SPDs for a wide variety of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Technometrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - Central composite design
KW  - Equivalent estimation design
KW  - Restricted randomization
KW  - Split-plot design
N1  - Accession Number: 23912308; Parker, Peter A. 1; Email Address: peter.a.parker@nasa.gov; Kowalski, Scott M. 2; Email Address: SKowalski@minitab.com; Vining, G. Geoffrey 3; Email Address: vining@vt.edu; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hampton, VA 23681; 2: Minitab Inc. State College, PA 16801; 3: Department of Statistics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p56; Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central composite design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent estimation design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restricted randomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Split-plot design; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 11 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1198/004017006000000462
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scarole, Jeffrey
T1  - Fractal-Based Point Processes.
JO  - Technometrics
JF  - Technometrics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 102
EP  - 102
SN  - 00401706
AB  - The article reviews the book "Fractal-Based Point Processes," by Steven Bradley Lowen and Malvin Carl Teich.
KW  - POINT processes
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - LOWEN, Steven Bradley
KW  - TEICH, Malvin Carl
KW  - FRACTAL-Based Point Processes (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 23912315; Scarole, Jeffrey 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p102; Subject Term: POINT processes; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: FRACTAL-Based Point Processes (Book); People: LOWEN, Steven Bradley; People: TEICH, Malvin Carl; Number of Pages: 3/4p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertram, Timothy H.
AU  - Perring, Anne E.
AU  - Wooldridge, Paul J.
AU  - Crounse, John D.
AU  - Kwan, Alan J.
AU  - Wennberg, Paul O.
AU  - Scheuer, Eric
AU  - Dibb, Jack
AU  - Avery, Melody
AU  - Sachse, Glen
AU  - Vay, Stephanie A.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - McNaughton, Cameron S.
AU  - Clarke, Antony
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Fuelberg, Henry
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Singh, Hanwant B.
AU  - Hall, Samuel R.
T1  - Direct Measurements of the Convective Recycling of the Upper Troposphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/02/09/
VL  - 315
IS  - 5813
M3  - Article
SP  - 816
EP  - 820
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We present a statistical representation of the aggregate effects of deep convection on the chemistry and dynamics of the upper troposphere (UT) based on direct aircraft observations of the chemical composition of the UT over the eastern United States and Canada during summer. These measurements provide unique observational constraints on the chemistry occurring downwind of convection and the rate at which air in the UT is recycled. These results provide quantitative measures that can be used to evaluate global climate and chemistry models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Physical measurements
KW  - United States
KW  - Canada
N1  - Accession Number: 24100593; Bertram, Timothy H. 1; Perring, Anne E. 1; Wooldridge, Paul J. 1; Crounse, John D. 2; Kwan, Alan J. 3; Wennberg, Paul O. 3,4; Scheuer, Eric 5; Dibb, Jack 5; Avery, Melody 6; Sachse, Glen 6; Vay, Stephanie A. 6; Crawford, James H. 6; McNaughton, Cameron S. 7; Clarke, Antony 7; Pickering, Kenneth E. 8,9; Fuelberg, Henry 10; Huey, Greg 11; Blake, Donald R. 12; Singh, Hanwant B. 13; Hall, Samuel R. 14; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 3: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 4: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 5: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 7: School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 8: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 10: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; 11: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 12: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 13: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 14: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Issue Info: 2/9/2007, Vol. 315 Issue 5813, p816; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Subject Term: Dynamics; Subject Term: Physical measurements; Subject: United States; Subject: Canada; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duncan Fairlie, T.
AU  - Jacob, Daniel J.
AU  - Park, Rokjin J.
T1  - The impact of transpacific transport of mineral dust in the United States
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/02/21/
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1251
EP  - 1266
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to estimate the impact of transpacific transport of mineral dust on aerosol concentrations in North America during 2001. We have implemented two dust mobilization schemes in the model (GOCART and DEAD) and find that the best simulation of North American surface observations with GEOS-Chem is achieved by combining the topographic source used in GOCART with the entrainment scheme used in DEAD. This combination restricts dust emissions to year-round arid areas but includes a significant wind threshold for dust mobilization. The model captures the magnitude and seasonal cycle of observed surface dust concentrations over the northern Pacific. It simulates the free tropospheric outflow of dust from Asia observed in the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia aircraft campaigns of spring 2001. It reproduces the timing and distribution of Asian dust outbreaks in North America during April–May. Beyond these outbreaks we find persistent Asian fine dust (averaging 1. 2μgm−3) in surface air over the western United States in spring, with much weaker influence (0. 25μgm−3) in summer and fall. Asian influence over the eastern United States is 30–50% lower. We find that transpacific sources accounted for 41% of the worst dust days in the western United States in 2001. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Transportation geography
KW  - Tropospheric circulation
KW  - United States
KW  - Dust
KW  - Mineral
KW  - Transpacific
KW  - Transport
N1  - Accession Number: 23615230; Duncan Fairlie, T. 1,2; Email Address: t.d.fairlie@larc.nasa.gov; Jacob, Daniel J. 2; Park, Rokjin J. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1251; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: Transportation geography; Subject Term: Tropospheric circulation; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transpacific; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kathuroju, Naven
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Symanzik, Jürgen
AU  - Schwartz, Mark D.
AU  - Powell, James A.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - On the use of the advanced very high resolution radiometer for development of prognostic land surface phenology models
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2007/02/24/
VL  - 201
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 156
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Regulation of interannual phenological variability is an important component of climate and ecological models. Prior phenological efforts using the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) as a proxy of vegetation dynamics have often simulated spring events only or failed to simulate interannual variability. Our aim is to address these shortcomings and to use the AVHRR to develop prognostic models for interannual land surface phenology and, critically, to test whether or not the developed models are superior to use of climatological phenology values from the AVHRR. Using datasets for the conterminous United States, we first filtered data to select regions and plant functional types for which the best-possible remotely sensed signal could be obtained. We then used a generalized linear model approach to model the relationship between an integrative productivity index and estimates of the start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS) derived from the AVHRR, yielding models capable of prognostically predicting SOS/EOS events independently of satellite data. Mean absolute errors between the model-predicted and AVHRR-observed SOS/EOS ranged from 5. 1 to 20. 3 days. SOS errors were uniformly lower than EOS errors. SOS models for the deciduous broadleaf forest and grassland plant functional types produced lower errors than use of the climatological SOS values while all other models produced errors higher than those obtained from the climatological dates. Based on this criterion for success, we suggest that the AVHRR may not be appropriate for further development of prognostic land surface phenology models. However, an intercomparison of phenological dates from an independent spring index model, our model predictions, and the AVHRR observations indicated that interannual predictions from our models may be superior to the satellite data upon which they are based, implying that a further comparison between models based on the AVHRR and newer, superior sensors, should be conducted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plant phenology
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles -- Seasonal variations
KW  - Advanced very high resolution radiometers
KW  - Bioclimatology
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Plant variation
KW  - United States
KW  - Budburst
KW  - Canopy duration
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Fall
KW  - GCM
KW  - Growing season
KW  - Interannual variability
KW  - Leaf out
KW  - Senescence
KW  - Spring
N1  - Accession Number: 23742242; Kathuroju, Naven 1; White, Michael A. 1; Email Address: mikew@cc.usu.edu; Symanzik, Jürgen 2; Schwartz, Mark D. 3; Powell, James A. 2; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; 2: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; 3: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Feb2007, Vol. 201 Issue 2, p144; Thesaurus Term: Plant phenology; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemical cycles -- Seasonal variations; Thesaurus Term: Advanced very high resolution radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Bioclimatology; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation dynamics; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Plant variation; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Budburst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy duration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fall; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Growing season; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interannual variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf out; Author-Supplied Keyword: Senescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spring; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuzmanoski, M.
AU  - Box, M. A.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Box, G. P.
AU  - Wang, J.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Bates, D.
AU  - Jonsson, H. H.
AU  - Welton, E. J.
AU  - Seinfeld, J. H.
T1  - Aerosol Properties Computed from Aircraft-Based Observations During the ACE-Asia Campaign: 2. A Case Study of Lidar Ratio Closure.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 231
EP  - 243
SN  - 02786826
AB  - For a vertical profile with three distinct layers (marine boundary, pollution, and dust layers), observed during the ACE-Asia campaign, we carried out a comparison between the modeled lidar ratio vertical profile and that obtained from co-located airborne NASA AATS-14 sunphotometer and shipborne Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) measurements. The vertically resolved lidar ratio was calculated from two size distribution vertical profiles—one obtained by inversion of sunphotometer-derived extinction spectra, and one measured in-situ—combined with the same refractive index model based on aerosol chemical composition. The aerosol model implies single scattering albedos of 0.78–0.81 and 0.93–0.96 at 0.523 μm (the wavelength of the lidar measurements), in the pollution and dust layers, respectively. The lidar ratios calculated from the two size distribution profiles agree closely in the dust layer; they are however, significantly lower than the lidar ratios derived from combined lidar and sunphotometer measurements. Uncertainties in aerosol size distributions and refractive index only partly explain these differences, suggesting that particle nonsphericity in this layer is an additional explanation. In the pollution layer, the two size distribution profiles yield lidar ratios that agree within the estimated uncertainties. The retrieved size distributions result in a lidar ratio which is in closer agreement with that derived from lidar/sunphotometer measurements in this layer, with still large differences at certain altitudes (the largest relative difference was 46%). We explain these differences by non-uniqueness of the result of the size distribution retrieval, by a lack of information on the mixing state of particles, and the vertical variability of the particle refractive index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particles
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atomization
KW  - Atomizers
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Dust
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Laser communication systems
KW  - Radar -- Optical equipment
N1  - Accession Number: 24155086; Kuzmanoski, M. 1; Box, M. A. 2; Schmid, B. 3; Box, G. P. 2; Wang, J. 4; Russell, P. B. 5; Bates, D. 6; Jonsson, H. H. 7; Welton, E. J. 8; Seinfeld, J. H. 9; Affiliations: 1: School of Physics, University of New South Wales. Sydney. Australia,Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. Sonoma, California. USA; 2: School of Physics, University of New South Wales. Sydney. Australia; 3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. Sonoma, California. USA,Now at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Richland, Washington. USA; 4: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton, New York. USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center. Moffett Field, California. USA; 6: Physics Department, University of Miami. Coral Gables, Florida. USA; 7: CIRPAS. Marina, California. USA; 8: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres. Greenbelt, Maryland. USA; 9: Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology. Pasadena, California. USA; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p231; Thesaurus Term: Particles; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atomization; Thesaurus Term: Atomizers; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Laser communication systems; Subject Term: Radar -- Optical equipment; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820601146977
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kazil, J.
AU  - Lovejoy, E. R.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Hanson, D. R.
T1  - Is aerosol formation in cirrus clouds possible?
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1407
EP  - 1413
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The recent observation of ultrafine aerosol particles in cirrus clouds has raised the question whether aerosol formation within cirrus clouds is possible, and if so, what mechanisms are involved. We have developed an aerosol parcel model of neutral and charged H2SO4/H2O aerosol processes, including nucleation from the gas phase and loss onto cirrus ice particles. Laboratory thermodynamic data for sulfuric acid uptake and loss by small neutral and charged clusters are used, allowing for a reliable description of both neutral and charged nucleation down to the very low temperatures occurring in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The model implements a first order scheme for resolving the aerosol size distribution within its geometric size sections, which efficiently suppresses numerical diffusion. We operate the model offline on trajectories generated with a detailed 1D cirrus model which describes ice crystal nucleation, deposition growth, vertical advection of ice crystals and water vapor, and ice crystal sedimentation. In this paper we explore the possibility of aerosol formation within non-convective cirrus clouds and draw conclusions for aerosol formation in anvil cirrus. We find that sulfate aerosol formation within cirrus clouds can proceed even at high ice surface area concentrations, and depends strongly on the size of the cirrus ice crystals and on the surface area concentration of preexisting aerosol particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Sulfuric acid
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 24265259; Kazil, J. 1,2; Email Address: jan.kazil@noaa.gov; Lovejoy, E. R. 1; Jensen, E. J. 3; Hanson, D. R. 4; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NRC Research Associateship Programs, Washington, D.C., USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Augsburg College, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p1407; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Sulfuric acid; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Ice crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - McClain, C.
AU  - Behrenfeld, M.
AU  - Maring, H.
AU  - Anderson, D.
AU  - Sun-Mack, S.
AU  - Flittner, D.
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Wielicki, B.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Weimer, C.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Kuehn, R.
T1  - Global statistics of liquid water content and effective number density of water clouds over ocean derived from combined CALIPSO and MODIS measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 4065
EP  - 4083
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This study presents an empirical relation that links layer integrated depolarization ratios, the extinction coefficients, and effective radii of water clouds, based on Monte Carlo simulations of CALIPSO lidar observations. Combined with cloud effective radius retrieved from MODIS, cloud liquid water content and effective number density of water clouds are estimated from CALIPSO lidar depolarization measurements in this study. Global statistics of the cloud liquid water content and effective number density are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Density
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Muons -- Depolarization
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Optical radar in atmospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 26664717; Hu, Y. 1; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov; Vaughan, M. 1; McClain, C. 2; Behrenfeld, M. 3; Maring, H. 4; Anderson, D. 4; Sun-Mack, S. 1; Flittner, D. 1; Huang, J. 1; Wielicki, B. 1; Minnis, P. 1; Weimer, C. 5; Trepte, C. 1; Kuehn, R. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; 4: NASA Headquarter, Washington, D.C., USA; 5: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Builder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p4065; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Density; Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Muons -- Depolarization; Subject Term: Monte Carlo method; Subject Term: Optical radar in atmospheric chemistry; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grannas, A. M.
AU  - Jones, A. E.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Ammann, M.
AU  - Anastasio, C.
AU  - Beine, H. J.
AU  - Bergin, M.
AU  - Bottenheim, J.
AU  - Boxe, C. S.
AU  - Carver, G.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Dominé, F.
AU  - Frey, M. M.
AU  - Guzmán, M. I.
AU  - Heard, D. E.
AU  - Helmig, D.
AU  - Hoffmann, M. R.
AU  - Honrath, R. E.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
T1  - An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 4165
EP  - 4283
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - It has been shown that sunlit snow and ice plays an important role in processing atmospheric species. Photochemical production of a variety of chemicals has recently been reported to occur in snow/ice and the release of these photochemically generated species may significantly impact the chemistry of the overlying atmosphere. Nitrogen oxide and oxidant precursor fluxes have been measured in a number of snow covered environments, where in some cases the emissions significantly impact the overlying boundary layer. For example, photochemical ozone production (such as that occurring in polluted mid-latitudes) of 3-4 ppbv/day has been observed at South Pole, due to high OH and NO levels present in a relatively shallow boundary layer. Field and laboratory experiments have determined that the origin of the observed NOx flux is the photochemistry of nitrate within the snowpack, however some details of the mechanism have not yet been elucidated. A variety of low molecular weight organic compounds have been shown to be emitted from sunlit snowpacks, the source of which has been proposed to be either direct or indirect photo-oxidation of natural organic materials present in the snow. Although myriad studies have observed active processing of species within irradiated snowpacks, the fundamental chemistry occurring remains poorly understood. Here we consider the nature of snow at a fundamental, physical level; photochemical processes within snow and the caveats needed for comparison to atmospheric photochemistry; our current understanding of nitrogen, oxidant, halogen and organic photochemistry within snow; the current limitations faced by the field and implications for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Snow
KW  - Ice
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 26664720; Grannas, A. M. 1; Email Address: amanda.grannas@villanova.edu; Jones, A. E. 2; Dibb, J. 3; Ammann, M. 4; Anastasio, C. 5; Beine, H. J. 6; Bergin, M. 7; Bottenheim, J. 8; Boxe, C. S. 9; Carver, G. 10; Chen, G. 11; Crawford, J. H. 11; Dominé, F. 12; Frey, M. M. 12,13; Guzmán, M. I. 9,14; Heard, D. E. 15; Helmig, D. 16; Hoffmann, M. R. 9; Honrath, R. E. 17; Huey, L. G. 18; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; 2: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK; 3: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 4: Laboratory for Radio- and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; 5: Department of Land, Air & Water Resources, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 6: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche -- Istituto Inquinamento Atmosferico (C.N.R. -- I.I.A); Via Salaria Km 29,3; 00016 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy; 7: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 8: Air Quality Research Branch, Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 9: W. M. Keck Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 10: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge University, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, UK; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 12: Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement,CNRS/Université Joseph Fourier-Grenoble, St Martin d'Hères Cedex, France; 13: School of Engineering, University of California-Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA; 14: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 15: School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; 16: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 17: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; 18: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p4165; Thesaurus Term: Snow; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 119p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 8 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - CALIPSO observations of stratospheric aerosols: a preliminary assessment.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 5595
EP  - 5615
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We have examined the 532-nm aerosol backscatter coefficient measurements by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) for their use in the observation of stratospheric aerosol. CALIPSO makes observations that span from 82° S to 82° N each day and, for each profile, backscatter coefficient values 5 reported up to ∼40 km. The possibility of using CALIPSO for stratospheric aerosol observations is demonstrated by the clear observation of the 20 May 2006 eruption of Montserrat in the earliest CALIPSO data in early June as well as by observations showing the 7 October 2006 eruption of Tavurvur (Rabaul). However, the very low aerosol loading within the stratosphere makes routine observations of the stratospheric aerosol far more difficult than relatively dense volcanic plumes. Nonetheless, we found that averaging a complete days worth of nighttime only data into 5-deg latitude by 1-km vertical bins reveals a stratospheric aerosol layer centered near an altitude of 20 km, the clean wintertime polar vortices, and a small maximum in the lower tropical stratosphere. However, the derived values are clearly too small and often negative in much of the stratosphere. The data can be significantly improved by increasing the measured backscatter (molecular and aerosol) by approximately 5% suggesting that the current method of calibrating to a pure molecular atmosphere at 30 km is most likely the source of the low values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 26664751; Thomason, L. W. 1; Email Address: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov; Pitts, M. C. 1; Winker, D. M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p5595; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, Kirk A.
AU  - Ripoll, Jean-François
AU  - Wray, Alan A.
AU  - Joseph, David
AU  - El Hafi, Mouna
T1  - On various modeling approaches to radiative heat transfer in pool fires
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 148
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 279
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Six computational methods for solution of the radiative transfer equation in an absorbing–emitting, nonscattering gray medium were compared for a 2-m JP-8 pool fire. The emission temperature and absorption coefficient fields were taken from a synthetic fire due to the lack of a complete set of experimental data for computing radiation for large and fully turbulent fires. These quantities were generated by a code that has been shown to agree well with the limited quantity of relevant data in the literature. Reference solutions to the governing equation were determined using the Monte Carlo method and a ray-tracing scheme with high angular resolution. Solutions using the discrete transfer method (DTM), the discrete ordinates method (DOM) with both and quadratures, and a moment model using the closure were compared to the reference solutions in both isotropic and anisotropic regions of the computational domain. Inside the fire, where radiation is isotropic, all methods gave comparable results with good accuracy. Predictions of DTM agreed well with the reference solutions, which is expected for a technique based on ray tracing. DOM was shown to be more accurate than the commonly used quadrature scheme, especially in anisotropic regions of the fire domain. On the other hand, DOM gives an accurate source term and, in isotropic regions, correct fluxes. The results agreed well with other solution techniques and were comparable to DOM . This represents the first study where the method was applied to a combustion problem occurring in a complex three-dimensional geometry. Future applications of to fires and similar problems are recommended, considering its similar accuracy and the fact that it has significantly lower computational cost than DOM . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Stochastic processes
KW  - Discrete ordinates
KW  - Discrete transfer
KW  - Fire
KW  - model
KW  - Monte Carlo
KW  - Ray tracing
N1  - Accession Number: 23868675; Jensen, Kirk A. 1; Email Address: kajens@sandia.gov; Ripoll, Jean-François 2; Wray, Alan A. 3; Joseph, David 4; El Hafi, Mouna 4; Affiliations: 1: Fire Science and Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA; 2: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 3: Physics Simulation and Modeling Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Ecole des Mines d'Albi, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés des Solides Divisés, 81 013 Albi CT Cedex 09, France; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 148 Issue 4, p263; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Subject Term: Heat transfer; Subject Term: Monte Carlo method; Subject Term: Stochastic processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete ordinates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ray tracing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.09.008
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tao Tong
AU  - Yang Zhao
AU  - Delzeit, Lance
AU  - Au Kashani
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Majumdar, Arun
T1  - Dense Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Arrays as Thermal Interface Materials.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
PY  - 2007/03//
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 100
SN  - 15213331
AB  - Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are being considered as thermal interface materials (TIMs). Using a phase sensitive transient thermo-reflectance technique, we measure the thermal conductance of the two interfaces on each side of a vertically aligned CNT array as well as the CNT array itself. We show that the physically bonded interface by van der Waals adhesion has a conductance ∼10 ∼ W/m²K and is the dominant resistance. We also demonstrate that by bonding the free-end CNT tips to a target surface with the help of a thin layer of indium weld, the conductance can be increased to ,∼106 W/m²K making it attractive as a TIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - SOLDER & soldering
KW  - INDIUM
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - NANOTUBES
N1  - Accession Number: 24685886; Source Information: Mar2007, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p92; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: SOLDER & soldering; Subject Term: INDIUM; Subject Term: ADHESION; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TCAPT.2007.892079
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Finley, Tom D.
T1  - Advancements in Aircraft Model Force and Attitude Instrumentation by Integrating Statistical Methods.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
Y1  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 436
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Applying statistical methods in conjunction with instrumentation expertise has resulted in a dramatic reduction in calibration time and expense, while simultaneously improving the calibration quality. In this paper, we illustrate the application of response surface methodology and statistical quality control to two quintessential instruments used in aeronautical wind-tunnel experiments, namely, the force balance and the triaxial accelerometer. We emphasize the benefits that have been achieved by integrating the statistical design with the mechanical calibration system. For both instruments, we discuss the development of an experimental design that accommodates physics-based constraints and highlight an innovative calibration apparatus. As a result of reduced calibration time, the frequency of calibration can be increased, which enables the monitoring of instrument stability over time. Throughout the calibration process, we emphasize efficient allocation of experimental resources to achieve the calibration requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
KW  - STATISTICAL quality control
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
N1  - Accession Number: 25312160; Source Information: Mar/Apr2007, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p436; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Subject Term: STATISTICAL quality control; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.23060
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
T1  - Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes Analysis of Zero Efflux Flow Control over a Hump Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
Y1  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 444
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The unsteady flow over a hump model with zero efflux oscillatory flow control is modeled computationally using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Three different turbulence models produce similar results and do a reasonably good job predicting the general character of the unsteady surface pressure coefficients during the forced cycle. However, the turbulent shear stresses are underpredicted in magnitude inside the separation bubble, and the computed results predict too large a (mean) separation bubble compared with experiment. These missed predictions are consistent with earlier steady-state results using no-flow control and steady suction, from a 2004 CFD validation workshop for synthetic jets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET planes
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - BUBBLE dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 25312161; Source Information: Mar/Apr2007, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p444; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: BUBBLE dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.23514
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Aeromechanics Analysis of a Heavy Lift Slowed-Rotor Compound Helicopter.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
Y1  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 503
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A heavy lift slowed-rotor tandem compound helicopter was designed as a part of the NASA heavy lift rotorcraft systems investigation. The vehicle is required to carry 120 passengers over a range of 1200 nautical miles and cruise at 350 knots at an altitude of 30,000 feet. The basic size of the helicopter was determined by the United States Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate's design code RotorCraft. Then performance, loads, and stability analyses were conducted with the Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Design II. Blade structural design (blade inertial and structural properties) was carried out using the loading condition from the Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Design II. A rotor parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of the twist, collective, tip speed, and taper on aircraft performance. Designs were also developed for alternate missions to explore the influence of the design condition on performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 25312167; Source Information: Mar/Apr2007, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p501; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.23905
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=25312167&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiriaco, M.
AU  - Chepfer, H.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Haeffelin, M.
AU  - Platnick, S.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.
AU  - Dubuisson, P.
AU  - McGill, M.
AU  - Noël, V.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Spangenberg, D.
AU  - Sun-Mack, S.
AU  - Wind, G.
T1  - Comparison of CALIPSO-Like, LaRC, and MODIS Retrievals of Ice-Cloud Properties over SIRTA in France and Florida during CRYSTAL-FACE.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 272
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This study compares cirrus-cloud properties and, in particular, particle effective radius retrieved by a Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)-like method with two similar methods using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite imagery. The CALIPSO-like method uses lidar measurements coupled with the split-window technique that uses the infrared spectral information contained at the 8.65-, 11.15-, and 12.05-μm bands to infer the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds. The two other methods, using passive remote sensing at visible and infrared wavelengths, are the operational MODIS cloud products (using 20 spectral bands from visible to infrared, referred to by its archival product identifier MOD06 for MODIS Terra) and MODIS retrievals performed by the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) team at Langley Research Center (LaRC) in support of CERES algorithms (using 0.65-, 3.75-, 10.8-, and 12.05-μm bands); the two algorithms will be referred to as the MOD06 and LaRC methods, respectively. The three techniques are compared at two different latitudes. The midlatitude ice-clouds study uses 16 days of observations at the Palaiseau ground-based site in France [Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique (SIRTA)], including a ground-based 532-nm lidar and the MODIS overpasses on the Terra platform. The tropical ice-clouds study uses 14 different flight legs of observations collected in Florida during the intensive field experiment known as the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE), including the airborne cloud-physics lidar and the MAS. The comparison of the three methods gives consistent results for the particle effective radius and the optical thickness but discrepancies in cloud detection and altitudes. The study confirms the value of an active remote sensing method (CALIPSO like) for the study of subvisible ice clouds, in both the midlatitudes and Tropics. Nevertheless, this method is not reliable in optically very thick tropical ice clouds, because of their particular microphysical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Field work (Research)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Research institutes
KW  - Geographical positions
KW  - France
KW  - Florida
N1  - Accession Number: 24580841; Chiriaco, M. 1; Email Address: chiriaco@lmd.polytechnique.fr; Chepfer, H. 1; Minnis, P. 2; Haeffelin, M. 1; Platnick, S. 3; Baumgardner, D. 4; Dubuisson, P. 5; McGill, M. 3; Noël, V. 2; Pelon, J. 6; Spangenberg, D. 7; Sun-Mack, S. 8; Wind, G. 9; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, Palaiseau, France.; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.; 4: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.; 5: ELICO, Université du Littoral, Dunkerque, France.; 6: Service d’Aéronomie, IPSL, Paris, France.; 7: AS&M, Inc., Hampton, Virginia.; 8: SAIC, Hampton, Virginia.; 9: SSAI, Lanham, Maryland.; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p249; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Field work (Research); Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Research institutes; Subject Term: Geographical positions; Subject: France; Subject: Florida; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 11 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAM2435.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=24580841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microgravity-induced changes in aortic stiffness and their role in orthostatic intolerance.
AU  - Tuday, Eric C.
AU  - Meck, Janice V.
AU  - Nyhan, Daniel
AU  - Shoukas, Artin A.
AU  - Berkowitz, Dan E.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 102
IS  - 3
SP  - 853
EP  - 858
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 24416287; Author: Tuday, Eric C.: 1 Author: Meck, Janice V.: 2 Author: Nyhan, Daniel: 3 Author: Shoukas, Artin A.: 1 Author: Berkowitz, Dan E.: 1,3 email: dberkowi@bme.jhu.edu. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland: 2 Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, Space and Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas: 3 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20070321
N2  - Microgravity (µG)-induced orthostatic intolerance (0!) in astronauts is characterized by a marked decrease in cardiac output (CO) in response to an orthostatic stress. Since CO is highly dependent on venous return, alterations in the resistance to venous return (RVR) may be important in contributing to OI. The RVR is directly dependent on arterial compliance (Ca), where aortic compliance (Cao) contributes up to 60% of Ca. We tested the hypothesis that µG-induced changes in Ca may represent a protective mechanism against OI. A retrospective analysis on hemodynamic data collected from astronauts after 5- to 18-day spaceflight missions revealed that orthostatically tolerant (OT) astronauts showed a significant decrease in Ca after spaceflight, while OI astronauts showed a slight increase in Ca. A ground-based animal model simulating µG, hindlimb-unweighted rats, was used to explore this phenomenon. Two independent assessments of Cao, in vivo pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the thoracic aorta and in vitro pressure-diameter squared relationship (PDSR) measurements of the excised thoracic aorta, were determined. PWV showed a significant increase in aortic stiffness compared with control, despite unchanged blood pressures. This increase in aortic stiffness was confirmed by the PDSR analysis. Thus both actual µG in humans and simulated µG in rats induces changes in Cao. The difference in Ca in OT and OI astronaut suggests that the µG-induced decrease in Ca is a protective adaptation to spaceflight that reduces the RVR and allows for the maintenance of adequate CO in response to an orthostatic stress. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *AORTA
KW  - *DISEASES
KW  - *ARTERIES
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - arterial compliance
KW  - hindlimb unweighting
KW  - microgravity
KW  - resistance to venous return
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Parker, Lindsay
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Branson, Mark
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part II: Tropical Convective Cloud Objects during 1998 El Niño and Evidence for Supporting the Fixed Anvil Temperature Hypothesis.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 819
EP  - 842
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Characteristics of tropical deep convective cloud objects observed over the tropical Pacific during January–August 1998 are examined using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data. These characteristics include the frequencies of occurrence and statistical distributions of cloud physical properties. Their variations with cloud object size, sea surface temperature (SST), and satellite precession cycle are analyzed in detail. A cloud object is defined as a contiguous patch of the earth composed of satellite footprints within a single dominant cloud-system type. It is found that statistical distributions of cloud physical properties are significantly different among three size categories of cloud objects with equivalent diameters of 100–150 (small), 150–300 (medium), and >300 km (large), except for the distributions of ice particle size. The distributions for the larger-size category of cloud objects are more skewed toward high SSTs, high cloud tops, low cloud-top temperature, large ice water path, high cloud optical depth, low outgoing longwave (LW) radiation, and high albedo than the smaller-size category. As SST varied from one satellite precession cycle to another, the changes in macrophysical properties of cloud objects over the entire tropical Pacific were small for the large-size category of cloud objects, relative to those of the small- and medium-size categories. This evidence supports the fixed anvil temperature hypothesis of Hartmann and Larson for the large-size category. Combined with the result that a higher percentage of the large-size category of cloud objects occurs during higher SST subperiods, this implies that macrophysical properties of cloud objects would be less sensitive to further warming of the climate. On the other hand, when cloud objects are classified according to SST ranges, statistical characteristics of cloud microphysical properties, optical depth, and albedo are not sensitive to the SST, but those of cloud macrophysical properties are dependent upon the SST. This result is related to larger differences in large-scale dynamics among the SST ranges than among the satellite precession cycles. Frequency distributions of vertical velocity from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model that is matched to each cloud object are used to further understand some of the findings in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Rainfall anomalies
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Anvils
KW  - Temperature -- Study & teaching
KW  - Temperature measurements
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Rainfall probabilities
KW  - Quantitative research
N1  - Accession Number: 24252614; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov; Wong, Takmeng 1; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Parker, Lindsay 2; Bing Lin 1; Eitzen, Zachary A. 3; Branson, Mark 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, and Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p819; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Rainfall anomalies; Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Anvils; Subject Term: Temperature -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Rainfall probabilities; Subject Term: Quantitative research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332113 Forging; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 12 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI4069.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=24252614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luo, Yali
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part III: Comparison with Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of Tropical Convective Clouds.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 762
EP  - 785
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The present study evaluates the ability of a cloud-resolving model (CRM) to simulate the physical properties of tropical deep convective cloud objects identified from a Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data product. The emphasis of this study is the comparisons among the small-, medium-, and large-size categories of cloud objects observed during March 1998 and between the large-size categories of cloud objects observed during March 1998 (strong El Niño) and March 2000 (weak La Niña). Results from the CRM simulations are analyzed in a way that is consistent with the CERES retrieval algorithm and they are averaged to match the scale of the CERES satellite footprints. Cloud physical properties are analyzed in terms of their summary histograms for each category. It is found that there is a general agreement in the overall shapes of all cloud physical properties between the simulated and observed distributions. Each cloud physical property produced by the CRM also exhibits different degrees of disagreement with observations over different ranges of the property. The simulated cloud tops are generally too high and cloud-top temperatures are too low except for the large-size category of March 1998. The probability densities of the simulated top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) albedos for all four categories are underestimated for high albedos, while those of cloud optical depth are overestimated at its lowest bin. These disagreements are mainly related to uncertainties in the cloud microphysics parameterization and inputs such as cloud ice effective size to the radiation calculation. Summary histograms of cloud optical depth and TOA albedo from the CRM simulations of the large-size category of cloud objects do not differ significantly between the March 1998 and 2000 periods, consistent with the CERES observations. However, the CRM is unable to reproduce the significant differences in the observed cloud-top height while it overestimates the differences in the observed outgoing longwave radiation and cloud-top temperature between the two periods. Comparisons between the CRM results and the observations for most parameters in March 1998 consistently show that both the simulations and observations have larger differences between the large- and small-size categories than between the large- and medium-size, or between the medium- and small-size categories. However, the simulated cloud properties do not change as much with size as observed. These disagreements are likely related to the spatial averaging of the forcing data and the mismatch in time and space between the numerical weather prediction model from which the forcing data are produced and the CERES observed cloud systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Weather
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - Artificial satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 24483918; Luo, Yali 1,2; Email Address: yali@nianet.org; Xu, Kuan-Man 3; Wielicki, Bruce A. 3; Wong, Takmeng 3; Eitzen, Zachary A. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666-6147.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p762; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS3871.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=24483918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, Clark
AU  - da Silva, Arlindo
AU  - Chin, Mian
AU  - Ginoux, Paul
AU  - Dubovik, Oleg
AU  - Flittner, Dave
AU  - Zia, Aahmad
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Holben, Brent
AU  - Gregg, Watson
T1  - Direct Insertion of MODIS Radiances in a Global Aerosol Transport Model.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 808
EP  - 826
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - In this paper results are presented from a simple offline assimilation system that uses radiances from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) channels that sense atmospheric aerosols over land and ocean. The MODIS information is directly inserted into the Goddard Chemistry and Aerosol Radiation Transport model (GOCART), which simulates the following five aerosol types: dust, sea salt, black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate. The goal is to produce three-dimensional fields of these aerosol types for radiative forcing calculations. Products from this assimilation system are compared with ground-based measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Insertion of MODIS radiances draws the GOCART model closer to the AERONET AOD. However, there are still uncertainties with surface reflectivity over moderately bright surfaces and with the amount of absorbing aerosol. Also described is the assimilation cycle. The forward model takes the aerosol information from the GOCART model and calculates radiances based on optical parameters of the aerosol type, satellite viewing angle, and the particle growth from relative humidity. Because the GOCART model is driven by previously assimilated meteorology, these forward model radiances can be directly compared with the observed MODIS level-2 radiances. The offline assimilation system simply adjusts the aerosol loading in the GOCART model so that the observed minus forward model radiances agree. Minimal change is made to the GOCART aerosol vertical distribution, size distribution, and the ratio of the five different aerosol types. The loading in the GOCART model is updated with new MODIS observations every 6 h. Since the previously assimilated meteorology provides surface wind speed, radiance sensitivity to wind speed over rough ocean is taken into account. Over land the dark target approach, also used by the MODIS–atmosphere group retrieval, is used. If the underlying land surface is deemed dark enough, the surface reflectances at the 0.47- and 0.66-μm wavelengths are constant multiples of the observed 2.13-μm reflectance. Over ocean the assimilation AOD compares well with AERONET, over land less so. The results herein are also compared with AERONET-retrieved single-scattering albedo. This research is part of an ongoing effort at NASA Goddard to integrate aerosols into the Goddard Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Sea salt aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Dust
KW  - Wind speed
N1  - Accession Number: 24483932; Weaver, Clark 1,2; Email Address: weaver@blueberry.gsfc.nasa.gov; da Silva, Arlindo 3; Chin, Mian 4; Ginoux, Paul 5; Dubovik, Oleg 6,7; Flittner, Dave 8; Zia, Aahmad 4; Remer, Lorraine 9; Holben, Brent 6; Gregg, Watson 10; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 613.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771.; 3: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; 5: NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey; 6: Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; 7: Laboraitoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; 8: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia; 9: Climate and Radiation Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; 10: Ice and Ocean Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p808; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Sea salt aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Dust; Subject Term: Wind speed; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS3838.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=24483932&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Smith Sr., William L.
AU  - Liu, Xu
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Mango, Stephen A.
AU  - Huang, Hung-Lung
T1  - Physically Retrieving Cloud and Thermodynamic Parameters from Ultraspectral IR Measurements.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 969
EP  - 982
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - A physical inversion scheme has been developed dealing with cloudy as well as cloud-free radiance observed with ultraspectral infrared sounders to simultaneously retrieve surface, atmospheric thermodynamic, and cloud microphysical parameters. A fast radiative transfer model, which applies to the clouded atmosphere, is used for atmospheric profile and cloud parameter retrieval. A one-dimensional (1D) variational multivariable inversion solution is used to improve an iterative background state defined by an eigenvector-regression retrieval. The solution is iterated in order to account for nonlinearity in the 1D variational solution. It is shown that relatively accurate temperature and moisture retrievals can be achieved below optically thin clouds. For optically thick clouds, accurate temperature and moisture profiles down to cloud-top level are obtained. For both optically thin and thick cloud situations, the cloud-top height can be retrieved with relatively high accuracy (i.e., error <1 km). National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed Interferometer (NAST-I) retrievals from the The Observing-System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Atlantic Regional Campaign are compared with coincident observations obtained from dropsondes and the nadir-pointing cloud physics lidar (CPL). This work was motivated by the need to obtain solutions for atmospheric soundings from infrared radiances observed for every individual field of view, regardless of cloud cover, from future ultraspectral geostationary satellite sounding instruments, such as the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS). However, this retrieval approach can also be applied to the ultraspectral sounding instruments to fly on polar satellites, such as the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the European MetOp satellite, the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the NPOESS Preparatory Project, and the follow-on NPOESS series of satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric thermodynamics
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - Geostationary satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 24483914; Zhou, Daniel K. 1,2; Email Address: daniel.k.zhou@nasa.gov; Smith Sr., William L. 3; Liu, Xu 1; Larar, Allen M. 1; Mango, Stephen A. 4; Huang, Hung-Lung 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Corresponding author address: Daniel K. Zhou, Mail Stop 401A, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.; 3: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, and University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 4: NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland; 5: University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p969; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric thermodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Moisture; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS3877.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Ruiterkamp, Richard
AU  - Peeters, Zan
AU  - Foing, Bernard
AU  - Salama, Farid
AU  - Martins, Zita
T1  - The ORGANICS experiment on BIOPAN V: UV and space exposure of aromatic compounds
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 400
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We studied the stability of aromatic compounds in low Earth orbit environment and describe the scientific results and successful flight of the ORGANICS experiment on-board the BIOPAN V space exposure facility. This experiment investigated the photo stability of large organic molecules in low Earth orbit. Thin films of selected organic molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the fullerene C60 were subjected to the low Earth orbit environment and the samples were monitored before and after flight. PAHs and fullerenes have been proposed as carriers for a number of astronomical absorption and emission features and are also identified in meteorites. Our experiment on BIOPAN V was exposed to a total fluence of 602.45kJm−2 for photons in the range 170–280nm. The experiment was also intended as a hardware test-flight for a long-term exposure experiment (Survival of organics in space) on the EXPOSE facility on the International Space Station (ISS). For the small fluence that was collected during the BIOPAN V experiment we found little evidence of photo-destruction. The results confirm that PAH molecules are very stable compounds in space. The small differences in destruction rates that are expected to arise among the PAH samples as a function of molecular size and structure will only show after the longer irradiation fluences that are expected in the exposure experiment on the ISS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Orbit
KW  - Space ships
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Biopan
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Interstellar molecules
KW  - Low earth orbit exposure
KW  - PAHs
KW  - Photo-stability
KW  - Space research
N1  - Accession Number: 24047275; Ehrenfreund, Pascale 1; Email Address: p.ehrenfreund@chem.leidenuniv.nl; Ruiterkamp, Richard 1; Peeters, Zan 1; Foing, Bernard 2; Salama, Farid 3; Martins, Zita 1; Affiliations: 1: Astrobiology Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; 2: ESA Research and Scientific Support Department, P.O. Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands; 3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p383; Subject Term: Orbits; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Orbit; Subject Term: Space ships; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biopan; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low earth orbit exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAHs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photo-stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nagai, S.
AU  - Ichii, K.
AU  - Morimoto, H.
T1  - Interannual variations in vegetation activities and climate variability caused by ENSO in tropical rainforests.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/03/10/
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1285
EP  - 1297
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Interannual variations in terrestrial carbon cycle over tropical rainforests affect the global carbon cycle. Terrestrial ecosystem models show the interannual relationship between climate changes due to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and net primary production over tropical rainforests. However, we need an independent analysis using satellite-based vegetation index and climate parameters. In the present study, we extracted the ENSO-related interannual variations from time-series in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climate data from 1981 to 2000, and analysed their relevance. We detected relationships among NDVI, ENSO, and climate parameters from long-term data with negative NDVI-ENSO, NDVI-temperature, and positive NDVI-precipitation relations. These correlations suggest that interannual variability in vegetation activities over tropical rainforests could be extracted from NDVI time-series despite noise components in NDVI data, and that interannual changes in precipitation and temperature caused by ENSO play a more important role in vegetation activities over tropical rainforests than in incoming surface solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation monitoring
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Ocean-atmosphere interaction
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Bioclimatology
KW  - Southern oscillation
KW  - Rain forests
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 24404368; Nagai, S. 1; Email Address: s010116d@mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp; Ichii, K. 2; Morimoto, H. 1; Affiliations: 1: Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan; 2: San Jose State University and NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett'Field, CA, 94035, USA; Issue Info: 3/10/2007, Vol. 28 Issue 6, p1285; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Bioclimatology; Thesaurus Term: Southern oscillation; Thesaurus Term: Rain forests; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160600904972
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Naud, C.M.
AU  - Baum, B.A.
AU  - Pavolonis, M.
AU  - Heidinger, A.
AU  - Frey, R.
AU  - Zhang, H.
T1  - Comparison of MISR and MODIS cloud-top heights in the presence of cloud overlap
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2007/03/15/
VL  - 107
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 200
EP  - 210
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Coincident MISR and MODIS cloud-top heights retrieved above two vertically pointing radar sites (ARM-SGP and UK-CFARR) are compared for 54 scenes between March 2000 and October 2003. The difference between MODIS and MISR cloud-top heights is assessed in situations where multiple cloud layers are present in a vertical column (i. E. , cloud overlap or multilayered cloud). MISR stereo cloud-top heights are known to be sensitive to low-level clouds of high contrast (between two camera views) even if high clouds with a wide range of optical thicknesses are also present in the scene. MODIS retrieved cloud-top heights do not experience this problem as long as the highest cloud layer has a visible optical thickness greater than approximately 1. Consequently, the difference in cloud-top heights between MODIS and MISR is often large and positive in cloud overlap conditions. In cloud overlap conditions, small differences between MODIS and MISR cloud-top heights can be found where both instruments detect the highest cloud layer or, on the contrary, where they both fail to detect the highest cloud but instead detect some lower level cloud. The comparison with radar cloud-top heights on a 21-scene subset confirmed that large differences are associated with cloud overlap, but also showed that small differences can be found in similar situations if the highest layer is of large contrast (both instruments detect the highest cloud layer) or of extremely small optical thickness (both instruments fail to detect the highest cloud layer). With the use of a cloud-typing technique applied to MODIS data that can also identify areas containing cloud overlap, small differences were found to occur for 60–70% of all overlap pixels examined here, highlighting the weakness of using the MODIS-MISR cloud-top height differences as a sole indicator for automated cloud overlap detection. While the accuracy of the MODIS cloud-top pressure/height algorithm decreases as the cirrus optical thickness becomes less than 1, the MISR approach may still be able to infer an accurate cloud-top height depending on the cloud contrast between two view angles. However, synergy between the difference in MODIS-MISR cloud-top height analysis and the MODIS cloud-typing method could improve overlap detection for thin cirrus over low cloud situations and provide additional information on the cloud-top height of two distinct layers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Spectroradiometer -- Evaluation
KW  - Altitudes -- Measurement
KW  - Multisensor data fusion
KW  - Contrast sensitivity (Vision)
KW  - Machine learning
KW  - Cloud
KW  - Cloud type
KW  - Cloud-top height
KW  - MISR
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Overlap
N1  - Accession Number: 24142408; Naud, C.M. 1; Email Address: cnaud@giss.nasa.gov; Baum, B.A. 2; Pavolonis, M. 3; Heidinger, A. 3; Frey, R. 4; Zhang, H. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University/GISS, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, United States; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; 3: NOAA/NESDIS, United States; 4: CIMSS, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Issue Info: Mar2007, Vol. 107 Issue 1/2, p200; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Spectroradiometer -- Evaluation; Subject Term: Altitudes -- Measurement; Subject Term: Multisensor data fusion; Subject Term: Contrast sensitivity (Vision); Subject Term: Machine learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud type; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-top height; Author-Supplied Keyword: MISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overlap; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, Jamie
AU  - Singh, Abhay
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn
AU  - Sherman, Louis
T1  - Growth-phase dependent differential gene expression in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and regulation by a group 2 sigma factor.
JO  - Archives of Microbiology
JF  - Archives of Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 187
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 279
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03028933
AB  - Cyanobacteria must continually alter their physiological growth state in response to changes in light intensity and their nutritional and physical environment. Under typical laboratory batch growth conditions, cyanobacteria grow exponentially, then transition to a light-limited stage of linear growth before finally reaching a non-growth stationary phase. In this study, we utilized DNA microarrays to profile the expression of genes in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to compare exponential and linear growth. We also studied the importance of SigB, a group 2 sigma factor in this cyanobacterium, during the different growth phases. The transcription of approximately 10% of the genes in the wild type were different in the linear, compared to the exponential phase, and our results showed that: (1) many photosynthesis and regulatory genes had lowered transcript levels; (2) individual genes, such as sigH, phrA, and isiA, which encode a group 4 sigma factor, a DNA photolyase, and a Chl-binding protein, respectively, were strongly induced; and, (3) the loss of SigB significantly impacted the differential expression of genes and modulated the changes seen in the wild type in regard to photosynthesis, regulatory and the unknown genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Archives of Microbiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Gene expression
KW  - Genetic regulation
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - Genes
KW  - Genetic transcription
KW  - Gene regulation
KW  - IsiA
KW  - Light-limited growth
KW  - Microarrays
KW  - phrA
KW  - Sigma factors
N1  - Accession Number: 24422427; Foster, Jamie 1,2,3; Singh, Abhay 3,4; Rothschild, Lynn 2; Sherman, Louis 3; Email Address: lsherman@purdue.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Space Life Sciences Lab, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystem, Science and Technology Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 1392 Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 4: Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 187 Issue 4, p265; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Subject Term: Gene expression; Subject Term: Genetic regulation; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: Genes; Subject Term: Genetic transcription; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene regulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: IsiA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light-limited growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: phrA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sigma factors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00203-006-0193-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linteris, Gregory T.
AU  - Takahashi, Fumiaki
AU  - Katta, Viswanath R.
T1  - Cup-burner flame extinguishment by CF3Br and Br2
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 149
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 103
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Experiments and calculations have been performed for a methane–air coflow diffusion flame, in the cup-burner configuration, with CF3Br or Br2 added to the air stream. The time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical code, which includes a detailed kinetic model and diffusive transport, has predicted the flame extinction within 4 or 8% for each. Analysis of the flame structure has allowed the mechanisms of flame weakening in the base and trailing flame regions to be compared. The agents CF3Br and Br2 behave very similarly with regard to flame extinguishment: both raise the temperature in the flame everywhere, as well as lower radical volume fractions in the trailing diffusion flame and at the peak reactivity spot (the “reaction kernel”) at the flame base where the flame is stabilized. The mechanism of lowered radical volume fractions is shown primarily to be due to a catalytic cycle involving bromine species in both regions of the flame, with small contributions from radical trapping by fluorinated species in the trailing diffusion flame. In the reaction kernel, the radical volume fractions are reduced more, and the catalytic radical recombination cycles are shown to be more effective as compared to in the trailing diffusion flame. At the latter location, the effectiveness of the agents is reduced because the hydrocarbon species, which are necessary for the regeneration of HBr, are scarce at the location of the peak radical volume fraction (i.e., at the flame zone), a limitation which does not exist in the reaction kernel, where there is good upstream mixing of the fuel and oxidizer because the base is lifted. That is, the premixed character of the reaction kernel actually allows the HBr in the catalytic cycle to be more effective there because of the effective overlap between the Br and the hydrocarbon species, which allows efficient regeneration of HBr. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Thought experiments
KW  - Flame
KW  - CF3Br
KW  - Cup burner
KW  - Fire suppression
KW  - Flame extinction
KW  - Halon replacement
N1  - Accession Number: 24554028; Linteris, Gregory T. 1; Email Address: linteris@nist.gov; Takahashi, Fumiaki 2; Katta, Viswanath R. 3; Affiliations: 1: Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; 2: National Center for Space Exploration Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440, USA; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 149 Issue 1/2, p91; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Subject Term: Thought experiments; Subject Term: Flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: CF3Br; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cup burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halon replacement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.12.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finke, Niko
AU  - Hoehler, Tori Michael
AU  - Jørgensen, Bo Barker
T1  - Hydrogen ‘leakage’ during methanogenesis from methanol and methylamine: implications for anaerobic carbon degradation pathways in aquatic sediments.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1060
EP  - 1071
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - The effect of variations in H2 concentrations on methanogenesis from the non-competitive substrates methanol and methylamine (used by methanogens but not by sulfate reducers) was investigated in methanogenic marine sediments. Imposed variations in sulfate concentration and temperature were used to drive systematic variations in pore water H2 concentrations. Specifically, increasing sulfate concentrations and decreasing temperatures both resulted in decreasing H2 concentrations. The ratio of CO2 and CH4 produced from 14C-labelled methylamine and methanol showed a direct correlation with the H2 concentration, independent of the treatment, with lower H2 concentrations resulting in a shift towards CO2. We conclude that this correlation is driven by production of H2 by methylotrophic methanogens, followed by loss to the environment with a magnitude dependent on the extracellular H2 concentrations maintained by hydrogenotrophic methanogens (in the case of the temperature experiment) or sulfate reducers (in the case of the sulfate experiment). Under sulfate-free conditions, the loss of reducing power as H2 flux out of the cell represents a loss of energy for the methylotrophic methanogens while, in the presence of sulfate, it results in a favourable free energy yield. Thus, hydrogen leakage might conceivably be beneficial for methanogens in marine sediments dominated by sulfate reduction. In low-sulfate systems such as methanogenic marine or freshwater sediments it is clearly detrimental – an adverse consequence of possessing a hydrogenase that is subject to externally imposed control by pore water H2 concentrations. H2 leakage in methanogens may explain the apparent exclusion of acetoclastic methanogenesis in sediments dominated by sulfate reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methanol
KW  - Marine sediments
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Methanobacterium
KW  - Hydrogenase
KW  - Methylamines
N1  - Accession Number: 24270538; Finke, Niko 1,2; Email Address: nfinke@web.de; Hoehler, Tori Michael 2; Jørgensen, Bo Barker 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p1060; Thesaurus Term: Methanol; Thesaurus Term: Marine sediments; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Subject Term: Methanobacterium; Subject Term: Hydrogenase; Subject Term: Methylamines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01248.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parnell, John
AU  - Bowden, Stephen A.
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Green, Paul
AU  - Taylor, Colin
AU  - Baron, Martin
T1  - Organic geochemistry of impactites from the Haughton impact structure, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 71
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1800
EP  - 1819
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Organic matter in impactites from the 24km wide and 39Ma old Haughton impact structure, Canadian High Arctic, is a mixture of fossil and modern biological components. The fossil component represents a conventional oil that was generated from Lower Palaeozoic marine source material before impact and permeates bedrock dolomites. Biomarker maturity parameters record the thermal effect of the mid-Tertiary impact. Maturity-influenced sterane, rearranged hopanoid, and triaromatic steroid ratios all increase towards the centre of the impact structure, where thermal alteration was greatest. The heating was probably dominated by an impact-related hydrothermal system, as such systems last long enough for kinetically-based thermal alteration to occur. Kinetically-related biomarker data suggest that the hydrothermal heating lasted for c. 5000 years. Biomarkers are also preserved in dolomite clasts within impact melt breccia, and indicate strong thermal alteration. Modern biological contamination of the rocks is responsible for the superposition of two geochemical signatures (which could be cyanobacteria, non-marine algae, or higher plant matter) onto the fossil component, but they can be recognized and distinguished. The data show that the impact structure system holds a record of both the pre-impact organic signature and the thermal signature of the impact, and thereby indicates that organic geochemistry is a valuable tool in documenting the response of rocks to impacts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Organic geochemistry
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Fossils
KW  - Marine phytoplankton
N1  - Accession Number: 24386946; Parnell, John 1; Email Address: j.parnell@abdn.ac.uk; Bowden, Stephen A. 1; Osinski, Gordon R. 2; Lee, Pascal 3; Green, Paul 4; Taylor, Colin 1; Baron, Martin 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK; 2: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077, USA; 3: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 4: Geotrack International Pty Ltd., 37 Melville Road, Brunswick West, Vic., 3055, Australia; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 71 Issue 7, p1800; Thesaurus Term: Organic geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences; Subject Term: Fossils; Subject Term: Marine phytoplankton; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2007.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Tchebakova, Nadezda M.
AU  - French, Nancy H.F.
AU  - Flannigan, Michael D.
AU  - Shugart, Herman H.
AU  - Stocks, Brian J.
AU  - Sukhinin, Anatoly I.
AU  - Parfenova, E.I.
AU  - Chapin, F. Stuart
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - Climate-induced boreal forest change: Predictions versus current observations
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 56
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 296
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Abstract: For about three decades, there have been many predictions of the potential ecological response in boreal regions to the currently warmer conditions. In essence, a widespread, naturally occurring experiment has been conducted over time. In this paper, we describe previously modeled predictions of ecological change in boreal Alaska, Canada and Russia, and then we investigate potential evidence of current climate-induced change. For instance, ecological models have suggested that warming will induce the northern and upslope migration of the treeline and an alteration in the current mosaic structure of boreal forests. We present evidence of the migration of keystone ecosystems in the upland and lowland treeline of mountainous regions across southern Siberia. Ecological models have also predicted a moisture-stress-related dieback in white spruce trees in Alaska, and current investigations show that as temperatures increase, white spruce tree growth is declining. Additionally, it was suggested that increases in infestation and wildfire disturbance would be catalysts that precipitate the alteration of the current mosaic forest composition. In Siberia, 7 of the last 9 yr have resulted in extreme fire seasons, and extreme fire years have also been more frequent in both Alaska and Canada. In addition, Alaska has experienced extreme and geographically expansive multi-year outbreaks of the spruce beetle, which had been previously limited by the cold, moist environment. We suggest that there is substantial evidence throughout the circumboreal region to conclude that the biosphere within the boreal terrestrial environment has already responded to the transient effects of climate change. Additionally, temperature increases and warming-induced change are progressing faster than had been predicted in some regions, suggesting a potential non-linear rapid response to changes in climate, as opposed to the predicted slow linear response to climate change. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - boreal
KW  - climate change evidence
KW  - fire
KW  - infestation disturbance
KW  - montane
KW  - treeline progression
N1  - Accession Number: 24786473; Soja, Amber J. 1; Email Address: a.j.soja@larc.nasa.gov; Tchebakova, Nadezda M. 2; French, Nancy H.F. 3; Flannigan, Michael D. 4; Shugart, Herman H. 5,6; Stocks, Brian J. 4; Sukhinin, Anatoly I. 2; Parfenova, E.I. 2; Chapin, F. Stuart 6; Stackhouse, Paul W. 7; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Resident at NASA Langley Research Center21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; 2: Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukachev Institute of Forestry, 660036 Krasnojarsk, Siberia, Russia; 3: Altarum Institute (formerly ERIM), PO Box 134001, Ann Arbor, MI 48113-4001, United States; 4: Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A, Canada 2E5; 5: University of Virginia, Global Environmental Change Program, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; 6: Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, United States; 7: NASA Langley Research Center21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 56 Issue 3/4, p274; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Author-Supplied Keyword: boreal; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change evidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: infestation disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: montane; Author-Supplied Keyword: treeline progression; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosier, Kathleen L.
AU  - Sethi, Nikita
AU  - McCauley, Shane
AU  - Khoo, Len
AU  - Orasanu, Judith M.
T1  - What you don't know can hurt you: factors impacting diagnosis in the automated cockpit.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - journal article
SP  - 300
EP  - 310
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - <bold>Objective: </bold>We examined the impact of operational variables on diagnosis and decision-making processes, focusing on information search.<bold>Background: </bold>Arguably, the "best" decision-making processes in high-technology cockpits would be those that are both correspondent (objectively accurate) and coherent (rationally sound). In the electronic world, coherence in terms of identification and incorporation of all relevant information is both a prerequisite to and a limiting factor for accurate diagnosis and decision making.<bold>Method: </bold>Regional carrier pilots (N=93) responded to six scenarios by accessing information to determine a diagnosis and decision.<bold>Results: </bold>Time pressure, a common operational variable, had a strong negative effect on information search and diagnosis accuracy, and the presence of noncongruent information heightened these negative effects. Unexpectedly, source of initial information (automated or other) did not impact any of the dependent variables. Diagnosis confidence was unrelated to accuracy and was negatively related to amount of information accessed.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Results confirm both the need for coherence in diagnostic processes and the difficulty of maintaining it under time pressure.<bold>Application: </bold>One implication of the results of this study is that pilots in high-technology cockpits must be trained to utilize coherent diagnostic processes as standard operating procedure. Additionally, because thorough information search for diagnosis in an automated environment is essential, automated systems must be designed to foster coherent, and thus accurate, diagnostic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - High technology
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Airplane cockpits
KW  - Air pilots
KW  - Coherent states
KW  - Aeronautics
KW  - Standard operating procedure
N1  - Accession Number: 24454856; Mosier, Kathleen L. 1; Email Address: kmosier@sfsu.edu; Sethi, Nikita 2; McCauley, Shane 3; Khoo, Len 4; Orasanu, Judith M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Professor and Chair, Psychology Department, San Francisco State University; 2: Analyst in Organizational Development, Scios Inc., Fremont, CA; 3: Compensation Analyst, Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA; 4: Senior Project Manager, Pacific Gas and Electric, San Francisco, CA; 5: Principal Investigator, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p300; Thesaurus Term: High technology; Subject Term: Decision making; Subject Term: Airplane cockpits; Subject Term: Air pilots; Subject Term: Coherent states; Subject Term: Aeronautics; Subject Term: Standard operating procedure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymann, Michael
AU  - Degani, Asaf
T1  - Formal analysis and automatic generation of user interfaces: approach, methodology, and an algorithm.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - journal article
SP  - 311
EP  - 330
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - <bold>Objective: </bold>We present a formal approach and methodology for the analysis and generation of user interfaces, with special emphasis on human-automation interaction.<bold>Background: </bold>A conceptual approach for modeling, analyzing, and verifying the information content of user interfaces is discussed.<bold>Methods: </bold>The proposed methodology is based on two criteria: First, the interface must be correct--that is, given the interface indications and all related information (user manuals, training material, etc.), the user must be able to successfully perform the specified tasks. Second, the interface and related information must be succinct--that is, the amount of information (mode indications, mode buttons, parameter settings, etc.) presented to the user must be reduced (abstracted) to the minimum necessary.<bold>Results: </bold>A step-by-step procedure for generating the information content of the interface that is both correct and succinct is presented and then explained and illustrated via two examples.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Every user interface is an abstract description of the underlying system. The correspondence between the abstracted information presented to the user and the underlying behavior of a given machine can be analyzed and addressed formally.<bold>Applications: </bold>The procedure for generating the information content of user interfaces can be automated, and a software tool for its implementation has been developed. Potential application areas include adaptive interface systems and customized/personalized interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - User interfaces (Computer systems)
KW  - Human-computer interaction
KW  - Human-machine systems
KW  - Computer interfaces
KW  - Computer software
KW  - Methodology
N1  - Accession Number: 24454857; Heymann, Michael 1; Degani, Asaf 2; Email Address: adegani@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Professor of Computer Science and Director, Center for Intelligent Systems, Israel Institute of Technology; 2: Research Scientist in Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p311; Subject Term: User interfaces (Computer systems); Subject Term: Human-computer interaction; Subject Term: Human-machine systems; Subject Term: Computer interfaces; Subject Term: Computer software; Subject Term: Methodology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilat, Amos
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
T1  - Strain Rate Sensitivity of Epoxy Resin in Tensile and Shear Loading.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2007/04//
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 89
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The mechanical response of E-862 and PR-520 resins is investigated in tensile and shear loadings. At both types of loading the resins are tested at strain rates of about 5×10-5, 2, and 450–700 s-1. In addition, dynamic shear modulus tests are carried out at various frequencies and temperatures, and tensile stress relaxation tests are conducted at room temperature. The results show that the toughened PR-520 resin can carry higher stresses than the untoughened E-862 resin. Strain rate has a significant effect on the response of both resins. In shear, both resins show a ductile response with maximum stress that is increasing with strain rate. In tension, a ductile response is observed at low strain rate (∼5×10-5 s-1), and brittle response is observed at the medium and high strain rates (2 and 700 s-1). The hydrostatic component of the stress in the tensile tests causes premature failure in the E-862 resin. Localized deformation develops in the PR-520 resin when loaded in shear. An internal state variable constitutive model is proposed for modeling the response of the resins. The model includes a state variable that accounts for the effect of the hydrostatic component of the stress on the deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 24385349; Source Information: Apr2007, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p75; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 21 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2007)20:2(75)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeng, X.
AU  - Agui, J. H.
AU  - Nakagawa, M.
T1  - Wave Velocities in Granular Materials under Microgravity.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2007/04//
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 116
EP  - 123
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Velocities of primary (P) and shear (S) waves in granular materials are highly dependent on confining stress. These wave velocities are related to mechanical properties of the materials such as stiffness, density, and stress history. Measurements of the wave velocities using piezoelectric sensors provide scientists and engineers a technique for nonintrusive characterization of those mechanical properties. For aerospace engineering, measuring the wave velocities under microgravity, which simulates low loading and stress conditions, has a number of potential applications. It can help the understanding of the soil mechanics and the development of appropriate materials handling technologies in extraterrestrial environments, which will be crucial to meeting NASA’s future space exploration goals. This paper presents the technique and results of experiments conducted at NASA Glenn Research Center using the 2.2 s drop tower. Velocities of P and S waves in three sizes of glass beads and one size of alumina beads were measured under initially dense or loose compaction states. It was found that under microgravity, the wave signals were significantly weaker and the velocities were much slower. The material that makes up the beads has a strong influence on the wave velocities as well. The initial compaction state also has some influence on the wave velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRANULAR materials
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 24385347; Source Information: Apr2007, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p116; Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2007)20:2(116)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banglin Zhang
AU  - Pinker, Rachel T.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
T1  - An Empirical Orthogonal Function Iteration Approach for Obtaining Homogeneous Radiative Fluxes from Satellite Observations.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 444
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Conventional observations of climate parameters are sparse in space and/or time, and the representativeness of such information needs to be optimized. Observations from satellites provide improved spatial coverage over point observations; however, they pose new challenges for obtaining homogeneous coverage. Surface radiative fluxes, the forcing functions of the hydrologic cycle and biogeophysical processes, are now becoming available from global-scale satellite observations. They are derived from independent satellite platforms and sensors that differ in temporal and spatial resolution and in the size of the footprint from which information is derived. Data gaps, degraded spatial resolution near boundaries of geostationary satellites, and different viewing geometries in areas of satellite overlap could result in biased estimates of radiative fluxes. In this study will be discussed issues related to the sources of inhomogeneity in surface radiative fluxes as derived from satellites, development of an approach to obtain homogeneous datasets, and application of the method to the widely used International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project data that currently serve as a source of information for deriving estimates of surface and top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes. Introduced is an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) iteration scheme for homogenizing the fluxes. The scheme is evaluated in several ways, including comparison of the inferred radiative fluxes with ground observations, both before and after the EOF approach is applied. On the average, the latter reduces the RMS error by about 2–3 W m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Bioclimatology
KW  - Atmospheric thermodynamics
KW  - Water vapor transport
N1  - Accession Number: 24977697; Banglin Zhang 1; Pinker, Rachel T. 2; Email Address: pinker@atmos.umd.edu; Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Applications International Corporation, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p435; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Bioclimatology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric thermodynamics; Subject Term: Water vapor transport; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Illustration, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAM2478.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Augspurger, George L.
AU  - Campanella, Angelo
AU  - Dibazar, Alireza
AU  - Eargle, John M.
AU  - Fulop, Sean A.
AU  - Helffrich, Jerome A.
AU  - Kahrs, Mark
AU  - Preves, David
AU  - Raichel, Daniel R.
AU  - Rosenberg, Carl J.
AU  - Shaw, Neil A.
AU  - Shepherd, Kevin P.
AU  - Thompson Jr., William
AU  - Ungar, Eric E.
AU  - Waag, Robert C.
T1  - Tone generator and probe.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 121
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1825
EP  - 1847
SN  - 00014966
AB  - The article provides information on several acoustical patents. They include a signal processing procedure that allows an active and passive sonar system to operate in both modes, an underwater device with transmitter, a vehicle accessory microphone and an apparatus for converting vibration energy into electric power.
KW  - PATENTS
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - SONAR
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - ULTRASONIC equipment
N1  - Accession Number: 24560926; Augspurger, George L. 1; Campanella, Angelo; Dibazar, Alireza 2; Eargle, John M. 3; Fulop, Sean A. 4; Helffrich, Jerome A. 5; Kahrs, Mark 6; Preves, David 7; Raichel, Daniel R.; Rosenberg, Carl J. 8; Shaw, Neil A. 9; Shepherd, Kevin P. 10; Thompson Jr., William 11; Ungar, Eric E. 8; Waag, Robert C. 12; Affiliations: 1 : Perception, Incorporated, Box 39536, Los Angeles, California 90039; 2 : Department of BioMed Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089; 3 : JME Consulting Corporation, 7034 Macapa Drive, Los Angeles, California 90068; 4 : California State University, Fresno, 5245 N. Backer Avenue M/S PB92, Fresno, California 93740-8001; 5 : Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228; 6 : Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261; 7 : Starkey Laboratories, 6600 Washington Ave. S., Eden Prarie, Minnesota 55344; 8 : Acentech Incorporated, 33 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; 9 : Menlo Scientific Acoustics, Inc., Post Office Box 1610, Topanga, California 90290; 10 : Mail Stop 463, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 11 : Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; 12 : Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627;  Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 121 Issue 4, p1825; Subject Term: PATENTS; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: SONAR; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC equipment; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 68 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2723962
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolf, Sebastian
AU  - Moro-Martín, Amaya
AU  - D’Angelo, Gennaro
T1  - Signatures of planets in protoplanetary and debris disks
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 569
EP  - 581
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We discuss selected possibilities to detect planets in circumstellar disks. We consider the search for characteristic signatures in these disks caused by the interaction of giant planets with the disk as the most promising approach. Numerical simulations show that these signatures are usually much larger in size than the planet itself and thus much easier to detect. The particular result of the planet–disk interaction depends on the evolutionary stage of the disk. Primary signatures of planets embedded in disks are gaps in the case of young disks and characteristic asymmetric density patterns in debris disks. We present simulations which demonstrate that high spatial resolution observations performed with instruments/telescopes that will become available in the near future will be able to trace the location and other properties of young and evolved planets. These observations will allow to directly investigate the formation and evolution of planets in protoplanetary and debris disks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Planets
KW  - Solar system -- Origin
KW  - Debris disk
KW  - Planet formation
KW  - Planet–disk interaction
KW  - Protoplanetary disk
KW  - Radiative transfer simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 24386395; Wolf, Sebastian 1; Email Address: swolf@mpia.de; Moro-Martín, Amaya 2; Email Address: amaya@astro.princeton.edu; D’Angelo, Gennaro 3,4; Email Address: gennaro@astro.ex.ac.uk; Affiliations: 1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; 2: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Ivy Lane, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; 3: School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field,CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Apr2007, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p569; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Solar system -- Origin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Debris disk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planet formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planet–disk interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protoplanetary disk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer simulation; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
AU  - Geissler, Paul E.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
T1  - Global warming and climate forcing by recent albedo changes on Mars.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/04/05/
VL  - 446
IS  - 7136
M3  - Letter
SP  - 646
EP  - 649
SN  - 00280836
AB  - For hundreds of years, scientists have tracked the changing appearance of Mars, first by hand drawings and later by photographs. Because of this historical record, many classical albedo patterns have long been known to shift in appearance over time. Decadal variations of the martian surface albedo are generally attributed to removal and deposition of small amounts of relatively bright dust on the surface. Large swaths of the surface (up to 56 million km2) have been observed to darken or brighten by 10 per cent or more. It is unknown, however, how these albedo changes affect wind circulation, dust transport and the feedback between these processes and the martian climate. Here we present predictions from a Mars general circulation model, indicating that the observed interannual albedo alterations strongly influence the martian environment. Results indicate enhanced wind stress in recently darkened areas and decreased wind stress in brightened areas, producing a positive feedback system in which the albedo changes strengthen the winds that generate the changes. The simulations also predict a net annual global warming of surface air temperatures by ∼0.65 K, enhancing dust lifting by increasing the likelihood of dust devil generation. The increase in global dust lifting by both wind stress and dust devils may affect the mechanisms that trigger large dust storm initiation, a poorly understood phenomenon, unique to Mars. In addition, predicted increases in summertime air temperatures at high southern latitudes would contribute to the rapid and steady scarp retreat that has been observed in the south polar residual ice for the past four Mars years. Our results suggest that documented albedo changes affect recent climate change and large-scale weather patterns on Mars, and thus albedo variations are a necessary component of future atmospheric and climate studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DUST storms
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Neutron albedo
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Materials -- Appearance
N1  - Accession Number: 24584596; Fenton, Lori K. 1; Email Address: fenton@mintz.arc.nasa.gov; Geissler, Paul E. 2; Email Address: pgeissler@usgs.gov; Haberle, Robert M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Carl Sagan Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; 3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 4/5/2007, Vol. 446 Issue 7136, p646; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: DUST storms; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Neutron albedo; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Materials -- Appearance; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature05718
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaehyung Ju
AU  - Morgan, Roger J.
AU  - Creasy, Terry S.
AU  - Shin, E. Eugene
T1  - Transverse Cracking of M40J/PMR-II-50 Composites under Thermal-Mechanical Loading: Part I - Characterization of Main and Interaction Effects using Statistical Design of Experiments.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2007/04/15/
VL  - 41
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1009
EP  - 1031
SN  - 00219983
AB  - In this study, a novel conduction heating-based thermal cycling apparatus combined with large deflection bending is developed and utilized to identify the critical controlling parameters for microcracking of [90/0]ls, M40J/PMR-II-50 high modulus carbon fiber/polyimide composite laminate under synergistic environmental conditions. The synergistic test involves four controlling parameters namely, average in-plane mechanical strains (0 and 0.488%), thermal cycling temperature amplitudes (-196-23°C and -196-250°C), number of thermal cycles (1 and 8), and heating rate (1 and 4°C/min). The 2k factorial design is used for the four factors to provide their quantitative primary and interaction effects on crack density with a minimum number of experiments. The experimental results indicate that the number of thermal cycles is the primary controlling factor (41%), while the thermal cycling temperature amplitude (25%) or the in-plane strain (22%) is the secondary factor. The number of thermal cycles also exhibits a significant interaction effect on the development of microcracks when it was combined with either the temperature amplitude of thermal cycling (7%) or mechanical in-plane strain (5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC cycles
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - design of experiment (DOE)
KW  - M40J/PMR-II-50 (carbon fiber/polyimide composites)
KW  - microcracks
KW  - thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 25225680; Jaehyung Ju 1; Email Address: jaehyung@tamu.edu; Morgan, Roger J. 1; Creasy, Terry S. 1; Shin, E. Eugene 2; Source Information: Apr2007, Vol. 41 Issue 8, p1009; Subject: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject: CARBON fibers; Subject: POLYIMIDES; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: THERMODYNAMIC cycles; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: design of experiment (DOE); Author-Supplied Keyword: M40J/PMR-II-50 (carbon fiber/polyimide composites); Author-Supplied Keyword: microcracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal cycling; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998306067259
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abumeri, Galib H.
AU  - Chamis, Christos C.
T1  - Non-deterministic Tailoring of Advanced Composite Structures.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2007/04/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 664
AB  - The probability of survival of a uniformly loaded CMC flange is maximized in the presence of uncertainties in the material properties, fabrication process variables, and loading. The effects of uncertainties in primitive variables on the structural response behavior are quantified. The probabilistic optimization is performed by coupling structural optimization with composite mechanics, finite element analysis, and probabilistic methods. It is demonstrated that probabilistic sensitivities can be used to select a reduced set of design variables for optimization. The flange's first three natural frequencies are considered as behavior constraints. The probability of survival is increased by 12% at the end of the optimization process. The termination of the optimization process is dependent on the lower and upper bounds of design variables and behavior constraints. Those bounds are obtained at specified probabilities defining the optimization feasible region. The computational methodology that is presented in this paper is generic and can be applied to perform reliability and risk assessment of other types of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - composite structures
KW  - non-deterministic optimization
KW  - structural analysis
KW  - structural reliability.
N1  - Accession Number: 25375960; Abumeri, Galib H. 1; Chamis, Christos C. 2; Email Address: Christos.C.Chamis@nasa.gov; Source Information: 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p653; Subject: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: FINITE element method; Subject: STRUCTURAL optimization; Subject: STRUCTURAL design; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-deterministic optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural reliability.; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684407075571
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pilcher, Carl B.
T1  - Astrobiology and Missions at NASA.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/04/20/
VL  - 316
IS  - 5823
M3  - Letter
SP  - 368
EP  - 368
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Astrobiology Fights for Its Life," by A. Lawler in the January 19, 2007 issue.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Space biology
N1  - Accession Number: 24903095; Pilcher, Carl B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Director, NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: 4/20/2007, Vol. 316 Issue 5823, p368; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Space biology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Martin, William
AU  - Dagan, Tal
AU  - Koonin, Eugene V.
AU  - Dipippo, Jonathan I.
AU  - Gogarten, J. Peter
AU  - Lake, James A.
T1  - The Evolution of Eukaryotes.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/04/27/
VL  - 316
IS  - 5824
M3  - Letter
SP  - 542
EP  - 543
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Genomics and the irreducible nature of eukaryote cells," by C.G. Kurland in the May 19, 2006 issue.
KW  - Eukaryotic cells
KW  - Letters to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 24987079; Martin, William 1; Dagan, Tal 1; Koonin, Eugene V. 2; Dipippo, Jonathan I. 3; Gogarten, J. Peter 3; Lake, James A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Botany III, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.; 2: National Center for Biotechnology Information, National library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.; 3: University of Connecticut, Biology/Physics Building, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125, USA.; 4: Molecular Biology Institute, Departments of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Human Genetics, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.; Issue Info: 4/27/2007, Vol. 316 Issue 5824, p542; Thesaurus Term: Eukaryotic cells; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alfred, J.
AU  - Fromm, M.
AU  - Bevilacqua, R.
AU  - Nedoluha, G.
AU  - Strawa, A.
AU  - Poole, L.
AU  - Wickert, J.
T1  - Observations and analysis of polar stratospheric clouds detected by POAM III and SAGE III during the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL campaign in the 2002/2003 Northern Hemisphere winter.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 7
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2151
EP  - 2163
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment instruments both observed high numbers of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the polar region during the second SAGE Ozone Loss and Validation (SOLVE II) and Validation of INTERnational Satellites and Study of Ozone Loss (VINTERSOL) campaign, conducted during the 2002/2003 Northern Hemisphere winter. Between 15 November 2002 (14 November 2002) and 18 March 2003 (21 March 2003) SAGE (POAM) observed 122 (151) aerosol extinction profiles containing PSCs, PSCs were observed on an almost daily basis, from early December through 15 January, in both instruments. No PSCs were observed from either instrument from 15 January until 4 February, and from then only sparingly in three periods in mid- and late February and mid-March. In early December, PSCs were observed in the potential temperature range from roughly 375 K to 750 K. Throughout December the top of this range decreases to near 600 K. In February and March. PSC observations were primarily constrained to potential temperatures below 500 K. The PSC observation frequency as a function of ambient temperature relative to the nitric acid-trihydrate saturation point (using a nitric acid profile prior to denitrification) was used to infer irreversible denitrification. By late December 38% denitrification was in (erred at both the 400-475 K and 475 550 K potential temperature ranges. By early January extensive levels of denitritication near 80% were inferred at both potential temperature ranges, and the air remained denitrified at least through early March. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 25887774; Alfred, J. 1; Email Address: alfred@cpi.com; Fromm, M. 2; Bevilacqua, R. 2; Nedoluha, G. 3; Strawa, A. 3; Poole, L. 4; Wickert, J. 5; Affiliations: 1: Computational Physics Inc., Springfield VA, USA; 2: Naval Research Lab, Remote Sensing Division, Washington D.C., USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Atmospheric Physics Branch, Moffett Field CA, USA; 4: Science Systems & Applications Inc., Hampton VA, USA; 5: GeoForschungsZentrum, Dept. Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Potsdam, Germany; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 9, p2151; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Chevalier, Christine T.
T1  - Robust Optimization of High-Frequency Traveling-Wave Tube Slow-Wave Circuits.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2007/05//
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 54
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1232
EP  - 1237
SN  - 00189383
AB  - An optimization algorithm has been developed to provide robust designs for slow-wave circuits of high-frequency traveling-wave tubes (TWT5). The algorithm utilizes the optimization method of simulated annealing in a TWT simulation code. By considering the effects of dimensional variations during the optimization, a phase-velocity profile of a slow-wave circuit is generated. A simulated statistical performance test of a robust design for a 94-GHz folded-waveguide circuit shows significantly less sensitivity to dimensional tolerance variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - TRAVELING-wave tubes
KW  - VACUUM-tube amplifiers
KW  - SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics)
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 25011409; Source Information: May2007, Vol. 54 Issue 5, p1232; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: TRAVELING-wave tubes; Subject Term: VACUUM-tube amplifiers; Subject Term: SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics); Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2007.894613
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Narasimhan, Sriram
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
T1  - Model-Based Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 37
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 348
EP  - 361
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Techniques for diagnosing faults in hybrid systems that combine digital (discrete) supervisory controllers with analog (continuous) plants need to be different from those used for discrete or continuous systems. This paper presents a methodology for online tracking and diagnosis of hybrid systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach with experiments conducted on the fuel-transfer system of fighter aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - DISCOURSE analysis
KW  - Fault detection and isolation
KW  - hybrid systems
KW  - model-based diagnosis (MBD)
N1  - Accession Number: 24858458; Narasimhan, Sriram 1,2; Email Address: sriram@e-mail.arc.nasa.gov; Biswas, Gautam 3; Email Address: gautam.biswas@vanderbilt.edu; Affiliations: 1: University of California, Santa Cruz.; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; 3: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.; Issue Info: May2007, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p348; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: DISCOURSE analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault detection and isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based diagnosis (MBD); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2007.893487
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vargas, Mario
AU  - Broughton, Howard
AU  - Sims, James J.
AU  - Bleeze, Brian
AU  - Gaines, Vatanna
T1  - Local and Total Density Measurements in Ice Shapes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/05//May/Jun2007
Y1  - 2007/05//May/Jun2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 780
EP  - 780
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Preliminary measurements of local and total densities inside ice shapes were obtained from ice shapes grown in the NASA John H. Glenn Icing Research Tunnel for a range of glaze ice, rime ice, and mixed-phase ice conditions on a NACA 0012 airfoil at 0-deg angle of attack. Prodi's x-ray contact microradiography method was extended using modern imaging techniques to conduct the measurements. The ice shapes were removed from the airfoil and a slice of ice 3-mm thick was obtained using a microtome. The resulting samples were then x-rayed to obtain a microradiograph, the film was digitized, and image processing techniques were used to extract the local and total density values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - GLAZE (Meteorology)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MICRORADIOGRAPHY
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 25563646; Source Information: May/Jun2007, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p780; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: GLAZE (Meteorology); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MICRORADIOGRAPHY; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.23326
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaehyung Ju
AU  - Morgan, Roger J.
AU  - Creasy, Terry S.
AU  - Shin, E. Eugene
T1  - Transverse Cracking of M40J/PMR-II-50 Composites under Thermal-Mechanical Loading: Part II -- Experiment and Analytical Investigation.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1067
EP  - 1086
SN  - 00219983
AB  - In this study, the effects of thermal cycling combined with mechanical loading on the microcracking of M40J/PM R-II-50 are investigated. Characterization of the failure mechanisms are conducted based on the critical parameters which cause composite microcracking, as presented in Part I. Based on the test results in Part I, the tests with intermediate in-plane lamina strain (0.175-0.350%) and an increased number of thermal cycles are added. Elevated temperature thermal cycling (23-250°C) is also added to the original test plan to investigate the thermal cycling temperature amplitude effect on microcracking of the composites. Observations indicate that the elevated temperature exposure under mechanical loads causes an easy fiber/matrix debonding. Subsequent exposure to cryogenic temperatures results in fiber/matrix debonding due to the high thermal stresses associated with fiber/ matrix thermal expansion mismatch. Crack propagation under cryogenic exposures is shown to be dominant with an increasing number of thermal cycles, especially when combined with high temperature exposure associated with high amplitude of cyclic thermal stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS at high temperatures
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - high temperature failure
KW  - interfacial failure
KW  - M40J/PMR-II-50 (carbon fiber/polyimide composites)
KW  - microcracks
KW  - thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 25312141; Jaehyung Ju 1; Email Address: jaehyung@tamu.edu; Morgan, Roger J. 1; Creasy, Terry S. 1; Shin, E. Eugene 2; Source Information: May2007, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p1067; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MATERIALS at high temperatures; Subject: FIBROUS composites; Subject: THERMAL expansion; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: interfacial failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: M40J/PMR-II-50 (carbon fiber/polyimide composites); Author-Supplied Keyword: microcracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal cycling; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998306067260
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, Travis L.
AU  - Patel, Hemant D.
T1  - Analysis of SMA Hybrid Composite Structures in MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 447
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - A thermoelastic constitutive model for shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators embedded in a composite structure, termed an SMA hybrid composite (SMAHC), was recently implemented in the commercial finite element codes MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS. The model can be easily implemented in any code that has the capability for analysis of laminated composite structures with temperature-dependent material properties. The model is also relatively easy to use, and requires input of only fundamental engineering properties. A brief description of the model is presented, followed by a discussion of implementation and usage in commercial codes. Results are presented from static and dynamic analysis of SMAHC beams of two types: a beam clamped at each end and a cantilever beam. Nonlinear static (post-buckling) and random response analyses are demonstrated for the first specimen. Static deflection (shape) control is demonstrated for the cantilever beam. Approaches for modeling SMAHC material systems with embedded SMA in ribbon and small round wire product forms are demonstrated and compared. The results from commercial codes are compared with those from a research code as validation of commercial implementations; excellent correlation is achieved in all the cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ABAQUS
KW  - deflection control
KW  - finite element analysis
KW  - MSC.Nastran
KW  - nitinol
KW  - post-buckling control
KW  - shape control
KW  - shape memory alloys
KW  - SMA hybrid composites
KW  - vibration control
N1  - Accession Number: 24990294; Turner, Travis L. 1; Email Address: t.l.turner@larc.nasa.gov; Patel, Hemant D. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; 2: MSC.Software Corporation, 815 Colorado Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90041-1777, USA; Issue Info: May2007, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p435; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC control; Thesaurus Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: ABAQUS; Author-Supplied Keyword: deflection control; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSC.Nastran; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitinol; Author-Supplied Keyword: post-buckling control; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape control; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: SMA hybrid composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibration control; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X06066699
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Linguistic Correlates of Team Performance: Toward A Tool for Monitoring Team Functioning During Space Missions.
AU  - Fischer, Ute
AU  - McDonnell, Lori
AU  - Orasanu, Judith
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2007/05/02/May2007 Supplement
VL  - 78
SP  - B86
EP  - B95
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 25235425; Author: Fischer, Ute: 1 email: ute.fischer@gatech.edu. Author: McDonnell, Lori: 2 Author: Orasanu, Judith: 2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA: 2 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; No. of Pages: 10; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20070601
N2  - The article investigates features in team members' communications indicative of team functioning during space missions. Results reveal that team performance was significantly related to team members' task-related communications. Task success was negatively correlated with variability in team members' word count, and positively correlated with the number of positive emotion words and the frequency of assenting relative to dissenting responses.
KW  - *AERONAUTICS
KW  - *PERFORMANCE
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - TEAMS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - FLIGHTS
KW  - LANGUAGE & languages -- Word frequency
KW  - TASKS
KW  - task-related and social aspects of team communication
KW  - team processes
KW  - team work
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Converging Indicators for Assessing Individual Differences in Adaptation to Extreme Environments.
AU  - Cowings, Patricia
AU  - Toscano, William
AU  - Deroshia, Charles
AU  - Taylor, Bruce
AU  - Hines, A'Liah
AU  - Bright, Andrew
AU  - Dodds, Anika
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2007/05/02/May2007 Supplement
VL  - 78
SP  - B195
EP  - 215
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 25235440; Author: Cowings, Patricia: 1 email: Patricia.S.Cowings@nasa.gov. Author: Toscano, William: 1 Author: Deroshia, Charles: 1 Author: Taylor, Bruce: 1 Author: Hines, A'Liah: 1 Author: Bright, Andrew: 1 Author: Dodds, Anika: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; No. of Pages: 21; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20070601
N2  - The article describes the development and validation of a methodology for assessing the deleterious effects of spaceflight on crew health and performance. The studies included soldiers performing command and control functions during mobile operations in enclosed armored vehicles, subjects engaging in laboratory tests of an anti-motion sickness medication, subjects exposed to chronic hypergravity aboard a centrifuge, and subject responses to 36 hours of sleep deprivation.
KW  - *HEALTH
KW  - *SLEEP deprivation
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SPACE medicine
KW  - behavioral health
KW  - hypergravity
KW  - motion sickness
KW  - perception
KW  - performance
KW  - physiological measures
KW  - self-reports
KW  - sleep deprivation
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Aharonson, O.
AU  - Clark, B.C.
AU  - Cohen, B. A.
AU  - Crumpler, L.
AU  - De Souza, P. A.
AU  - Farrand, W. H.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Grotzinger, J. P.
AU  - Haldemann, A. F. C.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
AU  - Klingethöfer, G.
AU  - Lewis, K. W.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - McCoy, T.
AU  - McEwen, A. S.
AU  - McSween, H. V.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
T1  - Pyroclastic Activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/05/04/
VL  - 316
IS  - 5825
M3  - Article
SP  - 738
EP  - 742
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Home Plate is a layered plateau in Gusev crater on Mars. It is composed of clastic rocks of moderately altered alkali basalt composition, enriched in some highly volatile elements. A coarse- grained lower unit lies under a finer-grained upper unit. Textural observations indicate that the lower strata were emplaced in an explosive event, and geochemical considerations favor an explosive volcanic origin over an impact origin. The lower unit likely represents accumulation of pyroclastic materials, whereas the upper unit may represent eolian reworking of the same pyroclastic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - Volcanic eruptions
KW  - Natural disasters
KW  - Surface chemistry
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Plateaus
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Inner planets
KW  - Igneous rocks
N1  - Accession Number: 25111671; Squyres, S. W. 1; Aharonson, O. 2; Clark, B.C. 3; Cohen, B. A. 4; Crumpler, L. 5; De Souza, P. A. 6; Farrand, W. H. 7; Gellert, R. 8; Grant, J. 9; Grotzinger, J. P. 2; Haldemann, A. F. C. 10; Johnson, J. R. 11; Klingethöfer, G. 12; Lewis, K. W. 2; Li, R. 13; McCoy, T. 14; McEwen, A. S. 15; McSween, H. V. 16; Ming, D. W. 17; Moore, J. M. 18; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 3: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA; 4: Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; 5: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA; 6: Vallourec Research Center, F-59260 Aulnoye-Aymeries, France; 7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 8: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; 9: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA; 10: Jet Propulsion laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 11: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 12: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitãt, Mainz, Germany; 13: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; 14: Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA; 15: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 16: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; 17: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, IX 77058, USA; 18: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 5/4/2007, Vol. 316 Issue 5825, p738; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic eruptions; Thesaurus Term: Natural disasters; Thesaurus Term: Surface chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Subject Term: Plateaus; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Inner planets; Subject Term: Igneous rocks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knutson, Heather A.
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Allen, Lori E.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Cowan, Nicolas B.
AU  - Showman, Adam P.
AU  - Cooper, Curtis S.
AU  - Megeath, S. Thomas
T1  - A map of the day–night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/05/10/
VL  - 447
IS  - 7141
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 186
SN  - 00280836
AB  - ‘Hot Jupiter’ extrasolar planets are expected to be tidally locked because they are close (<0.05 astronomical units, where 1 au is the average Sun–Earth distance) to their parent stars, resulting in permanent daysides and nightsides. By observing systems where the planet and star periodically eclipse each other, several groups have been able to estimate the temperatures of the daysides of these planets. A key question is whether the atmosphere is able to transport the energy incident upon the dayside to the nightside, which will determine the temperature at different points on the planet’s surface. Here we report observations of HD 189733, the closest of these eclipsing planetary systems, over half an orbital period, from which we can construct a ‘map’ of the distribution of temperatures. We detected the increase in brightness as the dayside of the planet rotated into view. We estimate a minimum brightness temperature of 973 ± 33 K and a maximum brightness temperature of 1,212 ± 11 K at a wavelength of 8 μm, indicating that energy from the irradiated dayside is efficiently redistributed throughout the atmosphere, in contrast to a recent claim for another hot Jupiter. Our data indicate that the peak hemisphere-integrated brightness occurs 16 ± 6° before opposition, corresponding to a hotspot shifted east of the substellar point. The secondary eclipse (when the planet moves behind the star) occurs 120 ± 24 s later than predicted, which may indicate a slightly eccentric orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Stars with planets
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Eclipses
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 24998180; Knutson, Heather A. 1; Email Address: hknutson@cfa.harvard.edu; Charbonneau, David 1; Allen, Lori E. 1; Fortney, Jonathan J. 2,3; Agol, Eric 4; Cowan, Nicolas B. 4; Showman, Adam P. 5; Cooper, Curtis S. 5; Megeath, S. Thomas 6; Affiliations: 1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 3: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 4: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; 5: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; 6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA; Issue Info: 5/10/2007, Vol. 447 Issue 7141, p183; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Stars with planets; Subject Term: Brightness temperature; Subject Term: Eclipses; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature05782
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
AU  - Murthy, Pappu L. N.
AU  - Mital, Subodh K.
AU  - Palko, Joseph L.
AU  - Cuneo, Jacques C.
AU  - Koenig, John R.
T1  - Development of Design Analysis Methods for Carbon Silicon Carbide Composite Structures.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2007/05/15/
VL  - 41
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1197
EP  - 1215
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The stress-strain behavior at room temperature and at 1100°C (2000°F) is measured for two carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite materials: a two dimensional (2D) plain-weave quasi-isotropic laminate and a 3D angle interlock woven composite. Previously developed micromechanics-based material models are calibrated by correlating the predicted material property values with the measured values. Four-point beam-bending subelement specimens are fabricated with these two fiber architectures and four-point bending tests are performed at room temperature and at 1100°C. Displacements and strains are measured at the mid-span of the beam and recorded as a function of load magnitude. The calibrated material models are used in concert with a nonlinear finite-element solution using ABAQUS to simulate the structural response of the two materials in the four-point beam bending tests. The structural response predicted by the nonlinear analysis method compared favorably with the measured response for both materials and both test temperatures. Results show that the material models scale-up fairly well from coupons to subcomponent level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - BENDING stresses
KW  - analytical material modeling
KW  - carbon silicon carbide composites
KW  - mechanical properties
KW  - micromechanics
KW  - thermal properties
KW  - UMAT
KW  - user-supplied subroutine
N1  - Accession Number: 25563635; Sullivan, Roy M. 1; Email Address: Roy.M.Sullivan@grc.nasa.gov; Murthy, Pappu L. N. 1; Mital, Subodh K. 2; Palko, Joseph L. 3; Cuneo, Jacques C. 4; Koenig, John R. 4; Source Information: May2007, Vol. 41 Issue 10, p1197; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject: SILICON carbide; Subject: DESIGN; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MICROMECHANICS; Subject: BENDING stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: analytical material modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon silicon carbide composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: UMAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: user-supplied subroutine; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998306067305
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HALVERSON, J.
AU  - BLACK, M.
AU  - BRAUN, S.
AU  - CECIL, D.
AU  - GOODMAN, M.
AU  - HEYMSFIELD, A.
AU  - HEYMSFIELD, G.
AU  - HOOD, R.
AU  - KRISHNAMURTI, T.
AU  - MCFAROUHAR, G.
AU  - MAHONEY, M.J.
AU  - MOLINARI, J.
AU  - ROGERS, R.
AU  - TURK, J.
AU  - VELDEN, C.
AU  - ZHANG, D.-L.
AU  - ZIPSER, E.
AU  - KAKAR, R.
T1  - NASA'S TROPICAL CLOUD SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES EXPERIMENT: Investigating Tropical Cyclogenesis and Hurricane Intensity Change.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 88
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 867
EP  - 882
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article describes the efforts of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in addressing issues related to tropical cyclone formation and intensification. NASA conducted a field campaign known as the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) experiment. An outline of some of the key questions related to tropical cyclone genesis and intensity change is presented. A list of TCSP Science Team members is presented. The TCSP experiment examined some of the outstanding questions of tropical cyclone formation over the western Atlantic. TCSP explored the utility of promising new technologies such as the Aerosonde UAV, for providing tropical cyclone environments.
KW  - Technology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Storms
KW  - Typhoons
KW  - Tornadoes
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Cyclones -- Tropics
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 25809815; HALVERSON, J. 1; Email Address: jeffhalv@umbc.edu; BLACK, M. 2; BRAUN, S. 3; CECIL, D. 4; GOODMAN, M. 5; HEYMSFIELD, A. 6; HEYMSFIELD, G. 3; HOOD, R. 5; KRISHNAMURTI, T. 7; MCFAROUHAR, G. 8; MAHONEY, M.J. 9; MOLINARI, J. 10; ROGERS, R. 2; TURK, J. 11; VELDEN, C. 12; ZHANG, D.-L. 13; ZIPSER, E. 14; KAKAR, R. 15; Affiliations: 1: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Baltimore. Maryland; 2: NOAA/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama. Huntsviile, Huntsville, Alabama; 5: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; 6: University Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 7: The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; 8: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, Iliinois; 9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 10: University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York; 11: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC; 12: University of Wisconsin, Madison- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Madison, Wisconsin; 13: University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 14: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 15: NASA Headquarters Science Mission Directorate, Washington, DC.; Issue Info: Jun2007, Vol. 88 Issue 6, p867; Thesaurus Term: Technology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Storms; Thesaurus Term: Typhoons; Thesaurus Term: Tornadoes; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Cyclones -- Tropics ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-88-6-867
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tavana, Madjid
AU  - Smither, James W.
AU  - Anderson, Ralph V.
T1  - D-side: A facility and workforce planning group multi-criteria decision support system for Johnson Space Center
JO  - Computers & Operations Research
JF  - Computers & Operations Research
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1646
EP  - 1673
SN  - 03050548
AB  - Abstract: “To understand and protect our home planet, to explore the universe and search for life, and to inspire the next generation of explorers” is NASA''s mission. The Systems Management Office at Johnson Space Center (JSC) is searching for methods to effectively manage the Center''s resources to meet NASA''s mission. D-Side is a group multi-criteria decision support system (GMDSS) developed to support facility decisions at JSC. D-Side uses a series of sequential and structured processes to plot facilities in a three-dimensional (3-D) graph on the basis of each facility''s alignment with NASA''s mission and goals, the extent to which other facilities are dependent on the facility, and the dollar value of capital investments that have been postponed at the facility relative to the facility''s replacement value. A similarity factor rank orders facilities based on their Euclidean distance from Ideal and Nadir points. These similarity factors are then used to allocate capital improvement resources across facilities. We also present a parallel model that can be used to support decisions concerning allocation of human resources investments across workforce units. Finally, we present results from a pilot study where 12 experienced facility managers from NASA used D-Side and the organization''s current approach to rank order and allocate funds for capital improvement across 20 facilities. Users evaluated D-Side favorably in terms of ease of use, the quality of the decision-making process, decision quality, and overall value-added. Their evaluations of D-Side were significantly more favorable than their evaluations of the current approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Operations Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECISION support systems
KW  - WORKFORCE planning
KW  - INVESTMENTS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - 3-D Modeling
KW  - AHP
KW  - Decision support system
KW  - Euclidean distance
KW  - Facility planning
KW  - Multi-criteria decision making
KW  - NASA
KW  - Workforce planning
N1  - Accession Number: 22797148; Tavana, Madjid 1; Email Address: http://lasalle.edu/&#x223c; Smither, James W. 1; Email Address: http://lasalle.edu/&#x223c; Anderson, Ralph V. 2; Email Address: ralph.v.anderson@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Management Department, La Salle University, 1900 West Olney Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA; 2: Systems Management Office, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058-3607, USA; Issue Info: Jun2007, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1646; Thesaurus Term: DECISION support systems; Thesaurus Term: WORKFORCE planning; Thesaurus Term: INVESTMENTS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3-D Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: AHP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision support system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Euclidean distance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Facility planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-criteria decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Workforce planning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523999 Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523930 Investment Advice; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cor.2005.06.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen-Vu, T. D. Barbara
AU  - Hua Chen
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Jun Li
T1  - Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Architecture as a Multifunctional 3-D Neural Electrical Interface.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2007/06//Jun2007 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1121
EP  - 1128
SN  - 00189294
AB  - Developing biomaterial constructs that closely mimic the natural tissue microenvironment with its complex chemical and physical cues is essential for improving the function and reliability of implantable devices, especially those that require direct neural-electrical interfaces. Here we demonstrate that free-standing vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) arrays can be used as a multifunctional 3-D brush-like nanoengineered matrix that interpenetrates the neuronal network of PC12 cells. We found that PC12 neuron cells cultured on VACNF substrates can form extended neural network upon proper chemical and biochemical modifications. The soft 3-D VACNF architecture provides a new platform to fine-tune the topographical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical cues at subcellular nanoscale. This new biomaterial platform can be used for both fundamental studies of material-cell interactions and the development of chronically stable implantable neural devices. Micropatterned multiplex VACNF arrays can be selectively controlled by electrical and electrochemical methods to provide localized stimulation with extraordinary spatiotemporal resolution. Further development of this technology may potentially result in a highly multiplex closed-loop system with multifunctions for neuromodulation and neuroprostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL implants
KW  - BIOMEDICAL materials
KW  - BIOLOGICAL interfaces
KW  - NEURAL networks (Neurobiology)
KW  - BIOMEDICAL engineering
KW  - BIOCOMPATIBILITY
KW  - Neural electrical interface
KW  - neural stimulation
KW  - neurornodulation
KW  - vertically aligned carbon nanofibers
N1  - Accession Number: 25288631; Nguyen-Vu, T. D. Barbara 1; Email Address: bnguyenv@stanford.edu; Hua Chen 2; Email Address: hchen@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Cassell, Alan M. 3; Email Address: acassell@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Andrews, Russell J. 4; Email Address: rja@russelljandrews.org; Meyyappan, M. 4; Email Address: mmeyyappan@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Jun Li 5; Email Address: jli@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA; 2: ELORET, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; 3: University of California—Santa Cruz, University Affiliated Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Issue Info: Jun2007 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p1121; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL implants; Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL materials; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL interfaces; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Neurobiology); Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL engineering; Subject Term: BIOCOMPATIBILITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neural electrical interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: neural stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: neurornodulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: vertically aligned carbon nanofibers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2007.891169
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quweider, M. K.
AU  - Scargle, J. D.
AU  - Jackson, B.
T1  - Grey level reduction for segmentation, threshholding and binarisation of images based on optimal partitioning on an interval.
JO  - IET Image Processing
JF  - IET Image Processing
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 111
SN  - 17519659
AB  - Optimal reduction of the number of grey levels present in an image is a fundamental problem in segmentation, classification, lossy compression, quantisation, inspection and computer vision. We present a new algorithm based on dynamic programming and optimal partitioning of the image data space, or its histogram representation. The algorithm allows the reduction of the number of grey levels for an image in a fine to coarse fashion, starting with the original grey levels present in the image and all the way down to two grey levels that simply create a binarised version of the original image. The algorithm can also be used to find a reduced number of grey levels in a natural way without forcing a specific number ahead of time. Application of the algorithm is demonstrated in image segmentation, multi-level thresholding and binarisation, and is shown to give very good results compared to many of the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IET Image Processing is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION processing
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - GEOMETRIC quantization
N1  - Accession Number: 25240942; Quweider, M. K. 1; Email Address: mkquweider@utb.edu; Scargle, J. D. 2; Jackson, B. 3; Affiliations: 1: University of Texas, Department of CS/CIS, Brownsville, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Space Science Division, Moffett Field, USA; 3: San Jose State University, Department of Mathematics, San Jose, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 1 Issue 2, p103; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION processing; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Thesaurus Term: DYNAMIC programming; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Subject Term: GEOMETRIC quantization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/iet-ipr:20050262
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TY  - JOUR
T1  - In a hypergravity environment neonatal survival is adversely affected by alterations in dam tissue metabolism rather than reduced food intake.
AU  - Lintault, Laura M.
AU  - Zakrzewska, Elzbieta I.
AU  - Maple, Rhonda L.
AU  - Baer, Lisa A.
AU  - Casey, Theresa M.
AU  - Ronca, April E.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
AU  - Plaut, Karen
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 102
IS  - 6
SP  - 2186
EP  - 2193
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 25637480; Author: Lintault, Laura M.: 1 Author: Zakrzewska, Elzbieta I.: 1 Author: Maple, Rhonda L.: 1 Author: Baer, Lisa A.: 2 Author: Casey, Theresa M.: 1 email: ande1218@msu.edu. Author: Ronca, April E.: 2 Author: Wade, Charles E.: 2 Author: Plaut, Karen: 1,2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Animal Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont: 2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20070709
N2  - Exposure of rat dams to hypergravity during pregnancy is associated with increased pup mortality, reduced food intake, and decreased rates of glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in mammary tissue. We hypothesized that increased pup mortality is due to changes in maternal metabolism and not to reduced food intake of dams. Effects of hypergravity on rate of glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in mammary, liver, and adipose tissue were measured in rat dams centrifuged at 2.0 G [hypergravity (HG)], kept at 1.0 G (control), or fed to match the intake of HG rats (pair fed) from gestation day 11 (G11) until G21 or postpartum day 3 (P3). Body weight, percent body fat, metabolizable energy, and nitrogen balance were significantly less in HG dams compared with controls (P < 0.05); however, these factors were not different between HG and pair-fed dams. By P3, 100% of control and pair-fed pups survived, while only 49% of HG pups survived. At G21, rates of glucose oxidation and lipogenesis in mammary and adipose tissue were less in HG than in control and pair-fed dams (P < 0.1 and P < 0.05). In liver, at G21, the rate of lipogenesis was greater in HG than control and pair-fed dams (P < 0.01); at P3, lipogenesis was greater in control than HG and pair-fed dams (P < 0.05). Gene expression of ATP citrate lyase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase increased in liver from pregnancy to lactation in control and pair-fed dams but not HG dams. Thus reduced food intake and body mass due to hypergravity exposure cannot explain the dramatic decrease in HG pup survival. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *TISSUES
KW  - *ENERGY metabolism
KW  - *GLUCOSE
KW  - *OXIDATION
KW  - GRAVITY -- Physiological effect
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - glucose oxidation
KW  - mammary
KW  - metabolizable energy
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chamis, Christos C.
T1  - Polymer Composite Mechanics Review -- 1965 to 2006.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 26
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 987
EP  - 1019
AB  - The research and development in composite mechanics are reviewed from 1965 to 2006. The review covers micromechanics, macromechanics failure theories, impact resistance, structural analysis, plate and panel buckling, shell buckling, progressive fracture, containment, and probabilistic composite simulation. A few remarks are included about aerodynamic loads and a new all composite engine concept. Most of the sample cases are from the author's own research since this research covers all aspects of composites and since this avoids the permissions required by other authors when their results are included. References are cited as appropriate so that the reader can further look in any specific area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Research
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - bucking plates/shells
KW  - failure criteria
KW  - local/global impact
KW  - macro
KW  - micro
KW  - other significant developments
KW  - probabilistic design
KW  - progressive fracture
KW  - structural/thermal/aerodynamic analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 26021199; Chamis, Christos C. 1; Email Address: Christos.C.Chamis@grc.nasa.gov; Source Information: 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 10, p987; Subject: COMPOSITE materials -- Research; Subject: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject: MICROMECHANICS; Subject: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject: AERODYNAMIC load; Author-Supplied Keyword: bucking plates/shells; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure criteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: local/global impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: macro; Author-Supplied Keyword: micro; Author-Supplied Keyword: other significant developments; Author-Supplied Keyword: probabilistic design; Author-Supplied Keyword: progressive fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural/thermal/aerodynamic analysis; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 21 Diagrams, 11 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684407079419
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Myung-Hee  Kim
AU  - Francis  Cucinotta
AU  - John  Wilson
T1  - A temporal forecast of radiation environments for future space exploration missions.
JO  - Radiation & Environmental Biophysics
JF  - Radiation & Environmental Biophysics
Y1  - 2007/06/08/
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 100
SN  - 0301634X
AB  - AbstractÂ Â The understanding of future space radiation environments is an important goal for space mission operations, design, and risk assessment. We have developed a solar cycle statistical model in which sunspot number is coupled to space-related quantities, such as the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) deceleration potential (Ï) and the mean occurrence frequency of solar particle events (SPEs). Future GCR fluxes were derived from a predictive model, in which the temporal dependence represented by Ï was derived from GCR flux and ground-based Climax neutron monitor rate measurements over the last four decades. These results showed that the point dose equivalent inside a typical spacecraft in interplanetary space was influenced by solar modulation by up to a factor of three. It also has been shown that a strong relationship exists between large SPE occurrences and Ï. For future space exploration missions, cumulative probabilities of SPEs at various integral fluence levels during short-period missions were defined using a database of proton fluences of past SPEs. Analytic energy spectra of SPEs at different ranks of the integral fluences for energies greater than 30Â MeV were constructed over broad energy ranges extending out to GeV for the analysis of representative exposure levels at those fluences. Results will guide the design of protection systems for astronauts during future space exploration missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation & Environmental Biophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar activity
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 25042410; Myung-Hee  Kim 1; Francis  Cucinotta 2; John  Wilson 3; Affiliations: 1: Wyle Laboratories Wyle/HAC/37A, 1290 Hercules Dr. Houston TX 77058 USA Wyle/HAC/37A, 1290 Hercules Dr. Houston TX 77058 USA; 2: NASA Johnson Space Center SK, 2101 NASA Parkway Houston TX 77058 USA SK, 2101 NASA Parkway Houston TX 77058 USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center MS 188B Hampton VA 23681-2199 USA MS 188B Hampton VA 23681-2199 USA; Issue Info: Jun2007, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p95; Thesaurus Term: Solar activity; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hatzianastassiou, N.
AU  - Matsoukas, C.
AU  - Fotiadi, A.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., P. W.
AU  - Koepke, P.
AU  - Pavlakis, K. G.
AU  - Vardavas, I.
T1  - Modelling the direct effect of aerosols in the solar near-infrared on a planetary scale.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/06/15/
VL  - 7
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3211
EP  - 3229
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We used a spectral radiative transfer model to compute the direct radiative effect (DRE) of natural plus anthropogenic aerosols in the solar near-infrared (IR), between 0.85-10µm, namely, their effect on the outgoing near- IR radiation at the top of atmosphere (TOA, ΔFTOA), on the atmospheric absorption of near-IR radiation (ΔFatmab) and on the surface downward and absorbed near-IR radiation (ΔFsurf, and ΔFsurfnet, respectively). The computations were performed on a global scale (over land and ocean) under all-sky conditions, using detailed spectral aerosol optical properties taken from the Global Aerosol Data Set (GADS) supplemented by realistic data for the rest of surface and atmospheric parameters. The computed aerosol DRE, averaged over the 12-year period 1984-1995 for January and July, shows that on a global mean basis aerosols produce a planetary cooling by increasing the scattered near-IR radiation back to space by 0.48Wm-2, they warm the atmosphere by 0.37Wm-2 and cool the surface by decreasing the downward and absorbed near-IR radiation at surface by 1.03 and 0.85Wm-2, respectively. The magnitude of the near-IR aerosol DRE is smaller than that of the combined ultraviolet (UV) and visible DRE, but it is still energetically important, since it contributes to the total shortwave (SW) DRE by 22-31%. The aerosol-produced near-IR surface cooling combined with the atmospheric warming, may affect the thermal dynamics of the Earth-atmosphere system, by increasing the atmospheric stability, decreasing thus cloud formation, and precipitation, especially over desertification threatened regions such as the Mediterranean basin. This, together with the fact that the sign of near-IR aerosol DRE is sometimes opposite to that of UV-visible DRE, demonstrates the importance of performing detailed spectral computations to provide estimates of the climatic role of aerosols for the Earth-atmosphere system. This was demonstrated by sensitivity tests revealing very large differences (up to 300%) between aerosol DREs computed using detailed spectral and spectrally-averaged aerosol optical properties. Our model results indicate thus that the aerosol direct radiative effect on the near-IR radiation is very sensitive to the treatment of the spectral dependence of aerosol optical properties and solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Near infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Cooling
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 26227088; Hatzianastassiou, N. 1,2; Email Address: nhatzian@cc.uoi.gr; Matsoukas, C. 2,3; Fotiadi, A. 2,4; Stackhouse Jr., P. W. 5; Koepke, P. 6; Pavlakis, K. G. 2,7; Vardavas, I. 2,4; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Meteorology, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; 2: Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; 3: Department of Environment, University of the Aegean, Mytilene, Greece; 4: Department of Physics, University of Crete, Crete, Greece; 5: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 6: Meteorological Institute, University of Munich, Munich, Germany; 7: Department of General Applied Science, Technological Educational Institute of Crete, Greece; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 12, p3211; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Near infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Cooling; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 9 Maps; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Y. Hu
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - McClain, C.
AU  - Behrenfeld, M.
AU  - Maring, H.
AU  - Anderson, D.
AU  - Sun-Mack, S.
AU  - Flittner, D.
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Wielicki, B.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Weimer, C.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Kuehn, R.
T1  - Global statistics of liquid water content and effective number concentration of water clouds over ocean derived from combined CALIPSO and MODIS measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/06/15/
VL  - 7
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3353
EP  - 3359
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This study presents an empirical relation that links the volume extinction coefficients of water clouds, the layer integrated depolarization ratios measured by lidar, and the effective radii of water clouds derived from collocated passive sensor observations. Based on Monte Carlo simulations of CALIPSO lidar observations, this method combines the cloud effective radius reported by MODIS with the lidar depolarization ratios measured by CALIPSO to estimate both the liquid water content and the effective number concentration of water clouds. The method is applied to collocated CALIPSO and MODIS measurements obtained during July and October of 2006, and January 2007. Global statistics of the cloud liquid water content and effective number concentration are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Water
KW  - Liquids
KW  - Optical radar in atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Monte Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 26227095; Y. Hu 1; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov; Vaughan, M. 2; McClain, C. 3; Behrenfeld, M. 4; Maring, H. 5; Anderson, D. 5; Sun-Mack, S. 2; Flittner, D. 1; Huang, J. 2; Wielicki, B. 1; Minnis, P. 1; Weimer, C. 6; Trepte, C. 1; Kuehn, R. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 4: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA; 5: NASA Headquarter, Washington, DC, USA; 6: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Builder, Colorado, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 12, p3353; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Water; Thesaurus Term: Liquids; Subject Term: Optical radar in atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Monte Carlo method; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elvidge, C. D.
AU  - Cinzano, P.
AU  - Pettit, D. R.
AU  - Arvesen, J.
AU  - Sutton, P.
AU  - Small, C.
AU  - Nemani, R.
AU  - Longcore, T.
AU  - Rich, C.
AU  - Safran, J.
AU  - Weeks, J.
AU  - Ebener, S.
T1  - The Nightsat mission concept.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/06/20/
VL  - 28
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2645
EP  - 2670
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Nightsat is a concept for a satellite system capable of global observation of the location, extent and brightness of night-time lights at a spatial resolution suitable for the delineation of primary features within human settlements. Based on requirements from several fields of scientific inquiry, Nightsat should be capable of producing a complete cloud-free global map of lights on an annual basis. We have used a combination of high-resolution field spectra of outdoor lighting, moderate resolution colour photography of cities at night from the International Space Station, and high-resolution airborne camera imagery acquired at night to define a range of spatial, spectral, and detection limit options for a future Nightsat mission. The primary findings of our study are that Nightsat should collect data from a near-synchronous orbit in the early evening with 50 to 100 m spatial resolution and have detection limits of 2.5E-8 Watts cm-2sr-1µm-1 or better. Although panchromatic low-light imaging data would be useful, multispectral low-light imaging data would provide valuable information on the type or character of lighting; potentially stronger predictors of variables such as ambient population density and economic activity; and valuable information to predict response of other species to artificial night lighting. The Nightsat mission concept is unique in its focus on observing a human activity, in contrast to traditional Earth observing systems that focus on natural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Human settlements
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Lighting
N1  - Accession Number: 25226017; Elvidge, C. D. 1; Email Address: Chris.Elvidge@noaa.gov; Cinzano, P. 2,3; Pettit, D. R. 4; Arvesen, J. 5; Sutton, P. 6,7; Small, C. 8; Nemani, R. 9; Longcore, T. 10,11; Rich, C. 10; Safran, J. 12; Weeks, J. 13; Ebener, S. 14; Affiliations: 1: Earth Observation Group, NOAA-NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA; 2: Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova 2-35122, Italy; 3: Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell'Inquinamento Luminoso (ISTIL), Thiene 13-36016, Italy; 4: NASA Johnson Spaceflight Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA; 5: Cirrus Digital Systems, Tiburon, California 94920, USA; 6: Department of Geography, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA; 7: Department of Geography, Population and Environmental Management, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; 8: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964-8000, USA; 9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 10: Urban Wildlands Group, P.O. Box 24020, Los Angeles, California 90024-0020, USA; 11: Department of Geography, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0255, USA; 12: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado 80309, USA; 13: International Population Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA; 14: World Health Organization, CH-1271 Geneva 27, Switzerland; Issue Info: Jun2007, Vol. 28 Issue 12, p2645; Thesaurus Term: Human settlements; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Technological innovations; Subject Term: Lighting; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160600981525
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Borra, Ermanno F.
AU  - Seddiki, Omar
AU  - Angel, Roger
AU  - Eisenstein, Daniel
AU  - Hickson, Paul
AU  - Seddon, Kenneth R.
AU  - Worden, Simon P.
T1  - Deposition of metal films on an ionic liquid as a basis for a lunar telescope.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/06/21/
VL  - 447
IS  - 7147
M3  - Letter
SP  - 979
EP  - 981
SN  - 00280836
AB  - An optical/infrared telescope of 20–100 m aperture located on the Moon would be able to observe objects 100 to 1,000 times fainter than the proposed next generation of space telescopes. The infrared region of the spectrum is particularly important for observations of objects at redshifts z > 7. The apparent simplicity and low mass of a liquid mirror telescope, compared with a traditional pointable glass mirror, suggest that the concept should be considered further. A previously proposed liquid mirror telescope, based upon a spinning liquid metallic alloy, is not appropriate for infrared applications, which will require a liquid below 130 K. Here we report the successful coating of an ionic liquid with silver. The surface is smooth and the silver coating is stable on a timescale of months. The underlying ionic liquid does not evaporate in a vacuum and remains liquid down to a temperature of 175 K. Given that there are ∼106 simple and ∼1018 ternary ionic liquids, it should be possible to synthesize liquids with even lower melting temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Infrared telescopes
N1  - Accession Number: 25463767; Borra, Ermanno F. 1; Email Address: borra@phy.ulaval.ca; Seddiki, Omar 1; Angel, Roger 2; Eisenstein, Daniel 2; Hickson, Paul 3; Seddon, Kenneth R. 4; Worden, Simon P. 5; Affiliations: 1: Département de Physique, Génie Physique et Optique, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada; 2: Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 8575, USA; 3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada; 4: QUILL Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK; 5: Office of the Director, NASA Ames Research Center. Moffett Field, California 9403, USA; Issue Info: 6/21/2007, Vol. 447 Issue 7147, p979; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Infrared telescopes; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature05909
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Jason M.
AU  - Castro, Hector
AU  - Ogram, Andrew
T1  - Structure and Function of Methanogens along a Short-Term Restoration Chronosequence in the Florida Everglades.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 73
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 4135
EP  - 4141
SN  - 00992240
AB  - The removal of plants and soil to bedrock to eradicate exotic invasive plants within the Hole-in-the-Donut (HID) region, part of the Everglades National Park (Florida), presented a unique opportunity to study the redevelopment of soil and the associated microbial communities in the context of short-term primary succession and ecosystem restoration. The goal of this study was to identify relationships between soil redevelopment and activity and composition of methanogenic assemblages in HID soils. Methane production potentials indicated a general decline in methanogenic activity with restoration age. Microcosm incubations strongly suggested hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis as the most favorable pathway for methane formation in HID soils from all sites. Culture-independent techniques targeting methyl coenzyme M reductase genes (mcrA) were used to assess the dynamics of methanogenic assemblages. Clone libraries were dominated by sequences related to hydrogenotrophic methanogens of the orders Methanobacteriales and Methanococcales and suggested a general decline in the relative abundance of Methanobacteriales mcrA with time since restoration. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated methanogenic assemblages remain relatively stable between wet and dry seasons. Interestingly, analysis of soils across the restoration chronosequence indicated a shift in Methanobacteriales populations with restoration age, suggesting genotypic shifts due to site-specific factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plant-soil relationships
KW  - Soil chronosequences
KW  - Invasive plants
KW  - Soil microbiology
KW  - Ecosystem management
KW  - Methane
KW  - Nucleotide sequence
KW  - Genetic polymorphisms
KW  - Everglades National Park (Fla.)
KW  - Florida
N1  - Accession Number: 25847338; Smith, Jason M. 1,2; Castro, Hector 1,3; Ogram, Andrew 1; Email Address: avo@mail.ifas.ufl.edu; Affiliations: 1: Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0290; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; 3: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038; Issue Info: Jul2007, Vol. 73 Issue 13, p4135; Thesaurus Term: Plant-soil relationships; Thesaurus Term: Soil chronosequences; Thesaurus Term: Invasive plants; Thesaurus Term: Soil microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystem management; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Subject Term: Nucleotide sequence; Subject Term: Genetic polymorphisms; Subject: Everglades National Park (Fla.); Subject: Florida; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02557-06
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freitas, S. R.
AU  - Longo, K. M.
AU  - Chatfield, R.
AU  - Dias, M. A. F. Silva
AU  - Andreae, M. O.
AU  - Prins, E.
AU  - Santos, J. C.
AU  - Gielow, R.
AU  - Carvalho Jr., J. A.
AU  - Latham, D.
T1  - Including the sub-grid scale plume rise of vegetation fires in low resolution atmospheric transport models.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 7
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3385
EP  - 3398
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We describe and begin to evaluate a parameterization to include the vertical transport of hot gases and particles emitted from biomass burning in low resolution atmospheric-chemistry transport models. This sub-grid transport mechanism is simulated by embedding a 1-D cloud-resolving model with appropriate lower boundary conditions in each column of the 3-D host model. Through assimilation of remote sensing fire products, we recognize which columns have fires. Using a land use dataset appropriate fire properties are selected. The host model provides the environmental conditions, allowing the plume rise to be simulated explicitly. The derived height of the plume is then used in the source emission field of the host model to determine the effective injection height, releasing the material emitted during the flaming phase at this height. Model results are compared with CO aircraft profiles from an Amazon basin field campaign and with satellite data, showing the huge impact that this mechanism has on model performance. We also show the relative role of each main vertical transport mechanisms, shallow and deep moist convection and the pyro-convection (dry or moist) induced by vegetation fires, on the distribution of biomass burning CO emissions in the troposphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Biomass gasification
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Fires
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 26480316; Freitas, S. R. 1; Email Address: sfreitas@cptec.inpe.br; Longo, K. M. 1; Chatfield, R. 2; Dias, M. A. F. Silva 1,3; Andreae, M. O. 4; Prins, E. 5; Santos, J. C. 6; Gielow, R. 1; Carvalho Jr., J. A. 7; Latham, D. 8; Affiliations: 1: Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 4: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; 5: UW-Madison Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Madison, WI, USA; 6: Laboratório de Combustão e Propulsão, INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil; 7: FEG/UNESP, Guaratinguetá, SP, Brazil; 8: USDA Forest Service, Montana, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 13, p3385; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Biomass gasification; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Fires; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arellano Jr., A. F.
AU  - Raeder, K.
AU  - Anderson, J. L.
AU  - Hess, P. G.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Edwards, D. P.
AU  - Pfister, G. G.
AU  - Campos, T. L.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
T1  - Evaluating model performance of an ensemble-based chemical data assimilation system during INTEX-B field mission.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 9717
EP  - 9767
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We present a global chemical data assimilation system using a global atmosphere model, the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3) with simplified chemistry and the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART) assimilation package. DART is a community software facility for assimilation studies using the ensemble Kalman filter approach. Here, we apply the assimilation system to constrain global tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) by assimilating meteorological observations of temperature and horizontal wind velocity and satellite CO retrievals from the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite instrument. We verify the system performance using independent CO observations taken on board the NSF/NCAR C-130 and NASA DC-8 aircrafts during the April 2006 part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B). Our evaluations show that MOPITT data assimilation provides significant improvements in terms of capturing the observed CO variability relative to no MOPITT assimilation (i.e. the correlation improves from 0.62 to 0.71, significant at 99% confidence). The assimilation provides evidence of median CO loading of about 150 ppbv at 700 hPa over the NE Pacific during April 2006. This is marginally higher than the modeled CO with no MOPITT assimilation (∼140 ppbv). Our ensemble-based estimates of model uncertainty also show model overprediction over the source region (i.e. China) and underprediction over the NE Pacific, suggesting model errors that cannot be readily explained by emissions alone. These results have important implications for improving regional chemical forecasts and for inverse modeling of CO sources and further demonstrates the utility of the assimilation system in comparing non-coincident measurements, e.g. comparing satellite retrievals of CO with in-situ aircraft measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Computer software
KW  - Kalman filtering
KW  - Wind speed
N1  - Accession Number: 27435916; Arellano Jr., A. F. 1; Email Address: arellano@ucar.edu; Raeder, K. 2; Anderson, J. L. 2; Hess, P. G. 1; Emmons, L. K. 1; Edwards, D. P. 1; Pfister, G. G. 1; Campos, T. L. 1; Sachse, G. W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307-3000, USA; 2: Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado, 80307-3000, USA; 3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p9717; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Computer software; Subject Term: Kalman filtering; Subject Term: Wind speed; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 51p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs, 10 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manney, G. L.
AU  - Daffer, W. H.
AU  - Strawbridge, K. B.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
AU  - Kerzenmacher, T.
AU  - Schwartz, M. J.
AU  - Strong, K.
AU  - Sica, R. J.
AU  - Krüger, K.
AU  - Pumphrey, H. C.
AU  - Froidevaux, L.
AU  - Lambert, A.
AU  - Santee, M. L.
AU  - Livesey, N. J.
AU  - Remsberg, E. E.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Russell III, J. R.
T1  - The high Arctic in extreme winters: vortex, temperature, and MLS and ACE-FTS trace gas evolution.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 10235
EP  - 10285
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The first three Canadian Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Validation Campaigns at Eureka (80° N, 86° W) were during two extremes of Arctic winter variability: Stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in 2004 and 2006 were among the strongest, most prolonged on record; 2005 was a record cold winter. New satellite measurements from ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry, and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), with meteorological analyses and Eureka lidar and radiosonde temperatures, are used to detail the meteorology in these winters, to demonstrate its influence on transport and chemistry, and to provide a context for interpretation of campaign observations. During the 2004 and 2006 SSWs, the vortex broke down throughout the stratosphere, reformed quickly in the upper stratosphere, and remained weak in the middle and lower stratosphere. The stratopause reformed at very high altitude, above where it could be accurately represented in the meteorological analyses. The 2004 and 2006 Eureka campaigns were during the recovery from the SSWs, with the redeveloping vortex over Eureka. 2005 was the coldest winter on record in the lower stratosphere, but with an early final warming in mid-March. The vortex was over Eureka at the start of the 2005 campaign, but moved away as it broke up. Disparate temperature profile structure and vortex evolution resulted in much lower (higher) temperatures in the upper (lower) stratosphere in 2004 and 2006 than in 2005. Satellite temperatures agree well with Eureka radiosondes, and with lidar data up to 50-60 km. Consistent with a strong, cold upper stratospheric vortex and enhanced radiative cooling after the SSWs, MLS and ACE-FTS trace gas measurements show strongly enhanced descent in the upper stratospheric vortex during the 2004 and 2006 Eureka campaigns compared to that in 2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Winter
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Radiosondes
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 27435838; Manney, G. L. 1,2; Email Address: manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; Daffer, W. H. 3; Strawbridge, K. B. 4; Walker, K. A. 5,6; Boone, C. D. 6; Bernath, P. F. 6,7; Kerzenmacher, T. 5; Schwartz, M. J. 1; Strong, K. 5; Sica, R. J. 8; Krüger, K. 9; Pumphrey, H. C. 10; Froidevaux, L. 1; Lambert, A. 1; Santee, M. L. 1; Livesey, N. J. 1; Remsberg, E. E. 11; Mlynczak, M. G. 11; Russell III, J. R. 12; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA; 3: Columbus Technologies Inc., Pasadena, CA, USA; 4: Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ontario, Canada; 5: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 6: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 7: University of York, Heslington, York, UK; 8: University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; 9: Leibniz-Institute for Marine Sciences at Kiel University (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany; 10: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 12: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p10235; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Radiation measurements; Thesaurus Term: Radiosondes; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Arctic regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 51p; Illustrations: 14 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bergstrom, R. W.
AU  - Pilewskie, P.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Bond, T. C.
AU  - Quinn, P. K.
AU  - Sierau, B.
T1  - Spectral absorption properties of atmospheric aerosols.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 10669
EP  - 10686
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We have determined the solar spectral absorption optical depth of atmospheric aerosols for specific case studies during several field programs (three cases have been reported previously; two are new results). We combined airborne measurements of the solar net radiant flux density and the aerosol optical depth with a detailed radiative transfer model for all but one of the cases. The field programs (SAFARI 2000, ACE Asia, PRIDE, TARFOX, INTEX-A) contained aerosols representing the major absorbing aerosol types: pollution, biomass burning, desert dust and mixtures. In all cases the spectral absorption optical depth decreases with wavelength and can be approximated with a power-law wavelength dependence (Absorption Angstrom Exponent or AAE). We compare our results with other recent spectral absorption measurements and discuss the limitations in using the AAE for calculating the solar absorption. We also discuss the resulting spectral single scattering albedo for these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Flux (Metallurgy)
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 27435850; Bergstrom, R. W. 1; Email Address: bergstrom@baeri.org; Pilewskie, P. 2; Russell, P. B. 3; Redemann, J. 4; Bond, T. C. 5; Quinn, P. K. 6; Sierau, B. 7; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0311, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center. Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Ventura, CA 93003, USA; 5: University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, IL, USA; 6: Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, USA; 7: Institute for Atmospheric and Climatic Studies, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p10669; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Flux (Metallurgy); Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ern, M.
AU  - Preusse, P.
AU  - Krebsbach, M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
T1  - Equatorial wave analysis from SABER and ECMWF temperatures.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 11685
EP  - 11723
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Equatorial planetary scale wave modes such as Kelvin waves or Rossby-gravity waves are excited by convective processes in the troposphere. In this paper an analysis for these and other equatorial wave modes is carried out with special focus on the stratosphere using temperature data from the SABER instrument as well as ECMWF temperatures. Space-time spectra of symmetric and antisymmetric spectral power are derived to separate the different equatorial wave types and the contribution of gravity waves is determined from the spectral background of the space-time spectra. Both gravity waves and equatorial planetary scale wave modes are main drivers of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. Temperature variances attributed to the different wave types are calculated for the period from February 2002 until March 2006 and compared to previous findings. A comparison between SABER and ECMWF wave analyses shows that in the lower stratosphere SABER and ECMWF spectra and temperature variances agree remarkably well while in the upper stratosphere ECMWF tends to overestimate Kelvin wave components. Gravity wave variances are partly reproduced by ECMWF but have a significant low-bias. A case study for the time period of the SCOUT-O3 tropical aircraft measurement campaign in Darwin/Australia (in November and December 2005) is performed and we find that in the lower stratosphere also the longitude-time distribution of the Kelvin waves is correctly reproduced by ECMWF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric waves
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Wave analysis
KW  - Rossby waves
KW  - Gravity waves
N1  - Accession Number: 27435876; Ern, M. 1; Email Address: m.ern@fz-juelich.de; Preusse, P. 1; Krebsbach, M. 2; Mlynczak, M. G. 3; Russell III, J. M. 4; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Stratospheric Research (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany; 2: Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; 3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p11685; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric waves; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Wave analysis; Subject Term: Rossby waves; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Number of Pages: 39p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kouchinsky, Artem
AU  - Bengtson, Stefan
AU  - Pavlov, Vladimir
AU  - Runnegar, Bruce
AU  - Torssander, Peter
AU  - Young, Edward
AU  - Ziegler, Karen
T1  - Carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Precambrian-Cambrian Sukharikha River section, northwestern Siberian platform.
JO  - Geological Magazine
JF  - Geological Magazine
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 144
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 609
EP  - 618
SN  - 00167568
AB  - A high-resolution carbon isotope profile through the uppermost Neoproterozoic-Lower Cambrian part of the Sukharikha section at the northwestern margin of the Siberian platform shows prominent secular oscillations of δ13C with peak-to-peak range of 6-10 ‰. There are six minima, 1n-6n, and seven maxima 1p-7p, in the Sukharikha Formation and a rising trend of δ13C from the minimum 1n of - 8.6 ‰ to maximum 6p of + 6.4 ‰. The trough In probably coincides with the isotopic minimum at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary worldwide. Highly positive δ13C values of peaks 5p and 6p are typical of the upper portion of the Precambrian-Cambrian transitional beds just beneath the Tommotian Stage in Siberia. A second rising trend of δ13C is observed through the Krasnoporog and lower Shumny formations. It consists of four excursions with four major maxima that can be correlated with Tommotian-Botomian peaks II, IV, V, and VII of the reference profile from the southeastern Siberian platform. According to the chemostratigraphic correlation, the first appearances of the index forms of archaeocyaths are earlier in the Sukharikha section than in the Lena-Aldan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Magazine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratigraphic geology -- Precambrian
KW  - Oscillations
KW  - Maxima & minima
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - Siberia (Russia)
KW  - Russia
KW  - Cambrian
KW  - carbon
KW  - isotope ratios
KW  - stratigraphy
N1  - Accession Number: 26135556; Kouchinsky, Artem 1; Email Address: artem.kouchinsky@nrm.se; Bengtson, Stefan 1; Pavlov, Vladimir 2; Runnegar, Bruce 3; Torssander, Peter 4; Young, Edward 5; Ziegler, Karen 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden; 2: Institute of Physics of the Earth, Bol'shaya Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow 123995, Russia; 3: NASA Astrobiology Institute, MS 240-1, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 4: Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; 5: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951567, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA; Issue Info: Jul2007, Vol. 144 Issue 4, p609; Subject Term: Stratigraphic geology -- Precambrian; Subject Term: Oscillations; Subject Term: Maxima & minima; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Subject: Siberia (Russia); Subject: Russia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cambrian; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: isotope ratios; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratigraphy; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0016756807003354
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKeegan, Kevin D.
AU  - Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.
AU  - Schopf, J. William
T1  - Raman and ion microscopic imagery of graphitic inclusions in apatite from older than 3830 Ma Akilia supracrustal rocks, west Greenland.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 35
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 591
EP  - 594
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - Three-dimensional molecular-structural images of apatite grains and associated minerals embedded in a banded quartz-pyroxene-magnetite supracrustal rock from Akilia, southern west Greenland, were constructed by using Raman confocal spectroscopy. The rock sample is the same as that from which apatite-hosted isotopically light graphitic inclusions were reported by Mojzsis and colleagues in 1996; the results were challenged in 2005 by Lepland and colleagues who failed to find carbon-bearing inclusions in this and other Akilia samples. Here we demonstrate that inclusions of graphite wholly contained within apatite occur in this rock. The carbon isotopic composition of one such inclusion, its graphitic composition established by Raman spectroscopy, was measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry to be isotopically light (δ13C = -29‰ ± 4‰), in agreement with earlier analyses. Our results are thus consistent with the hypothesis that graphite-containing apatite grains of the older than 3830 Ma Akilia metasediments may represent chemical fossils of early life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Apatite
KW  - Carbon isotopes
KW  - Graphite
KW  - Rock-forming minerals
KW  - Field ion microscopy
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Mass (Physics)
KW  - Greenland
KW  - Akilia apatite
KW  - carbon isotopes
KW  - early life
KW  - ion microscope
KW  - three-dimensional Raman spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 25752287; McKeegan, Kevin D. 1; Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B. 2; Schopf, J. William 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA; 2: Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life (Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095–1567, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life (Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics), Molecular Biology Institute and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095–1567, USA; Issue Info: Jul2007, Vol. 35 Issue 7, p591; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Apatite; Subject Term: Carbon isotopes; Subject Term: Graphite; Subject Term: Rock-forming minerals; Subject Term: Field ion microscopy; Subject Term: Raman spectroscopy; Subject Term: Rocks; Subject Term: Mass (Physics); Subject: Greenland; Author-Supplied Keyword: Akilia apatite; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon isotopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: early life; Author-Supplied Keyword: ion microscope; Author-Supplied Keyword: three-dimensional Raman spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212392 Phosphate Rock Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G23465A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Amici, Giovanni
AU  - Layton, Ryan A.
AU  - Brown, Shannon T.
AU  - Kunkee, David
T1  - Stabilization of the Brightness Temperature of a Calibration Warm Load for Spaceborne Microwave Radiometers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul2007 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1921
EP  - 1927
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We present the results of a study that shows that a simple design modification is sufficient to avoid a major short-coming in the layout of external warm loads commonly used in the calibration of spaceborne microwave radiometers. The modification consists of placing a layer of Plastazote, a polyethylene foam, over the opening of the warm load enclosure. The foam is transparent at micrometer and millimeter wavelengths, is opaque in the infrared and visible, and isolates the warm load from the environment, keeping the temperature of the radiometric warm load constant. The proposed solution can be easily implemented and is suitable even for retrofitting on instruments that have already been built but not yet launched, and the material presents no obvious shortcomings that could prevent its intended application in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - POLYETHYLENE
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - Calibration
KW  - microwave
KW  - radiometry
N1  - Accession Number: 25757502; De Amici, Giovanni 1; Layton, Ryan A. 1; Brown, Shannon T. 2; Kunkee, David 3; Affiliations: 1: Northrop Grumman Space Technology, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; 3: Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245- 4691 USA; Issue Info: Jul2007 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p1921; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.888283
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schultz, Marc R.
AU  - Wilkie, W. Keats
AU  - Bryant, Robert G.
T1  - Investigation of Self-Resetting Active Multistable Laminates.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1069
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Elastically multistable structures, that is, structures possessing more than one elastically stable equilibrium configuration, are particularly attractive for advanced shape changing (morphing) aircraft applications because no control effort is required to maintain the structural shape in any specific stable equilibrium. For example, thin, unsymmetric, fiber-reinforced composite laminates (e.g., [0/90]T) can have multiple equilibrium shapes, and such laminates can be changed from one stable shape to another by a simple snap-through action. Furthermore, previous work by the first author with others demonstrated the use of a planar piezocomposite actuator to snap a bistable laminate from one equilibrium shape to another, but not back again. Such a self-resetting capability is desirable in many practical applications. The present paper describes analytical and experimental efforts to model and demonstrate self-resetting, piezoelectrically controlled, multistable laminates. The work is based on a two-ply, [0/90]T graphite--epoxy laminate that is sandwiched between two piezocomposite actuators. A simplified analytical model of the structure was developed to fine-tune the design of an experimental test article and correlate with results from testing. The simplified model captures the global response of the experimental device and predicts self-resetting actuation. Differences between the analytical and experimental results are identified, and possible reasons for these differences are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - LAMINATED metals
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 26390092; Source Information: Jul/Aug2007, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p1069; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: LAMINATED metals; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.17404
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landman, Drew
AU  - Simpson, Jim
AU  - Vicroy, Dan
AU  - Parker, Peter
T1  - Response Surface Methods for Efficient Complex Aircraft Configuration Aerodynamic Characterization.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1189
EP  - 1189
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A response surface methodology approach to wind-tunnel testing of aircraft with complex configurations is being investigated at the Langley full-scale tunnel as part of a series of tests using design of experiments. An exploratory study was conducted using response surface methodology and a 5% scale blended-wing-body model in an effort to efficiently characterize aerodynamic behavior as a function of attitude and multiple control surface inputs. This paper provides a direct comparison of the design of experiments/response surface methodology and one factor at a time methods for a low-speed wind-tunnel test of a blended-wing-body aircraft configuration with 11 actuated control surfaces. A modified fractional factorial design, augmented with center points and axial points, produced regression models for the characteristic aerodynamic forces and moments over a representative design space as a function of model attitude and control surface inputs. Model adequacy and uncertainty levels were described using robust statistical methods inherent to the response surface methodology practice. Experimental goals included the capture of fundamental stability and control data for simulation models and comparisons to baseline data from recent one factor at a time tests. Optimization is demonstrated for control surface allocation for a desired response. A discussion of highlights and problems associated with the test is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - AIRPLANE control systems
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 26390106; Source Information: Jul/Aug2007, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p1189; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: AIRPLANE control systems; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.24810
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ridley, B.
AU  - Zeng, T.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Atlas, E.
AU  - Browell, E.
AU  - Hess, P.
AU  - Orlando, J.
AU  - Chance, K.
AU  - Richter, A.
T1  - An ozone depletion event in the sub-arctic surface layer over Hudson Bay, Canada.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 280
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - During the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) program, aircraft flights during April 7–11, 2000 revealed a large area air mass capped below ∼500 m altitude over Hudson Bay, Canada in which ozone was reduced from normal levels of 30–40 ppbv to as low as 0.5 ppbv. From some of the in-situ aircraft measurements, back-trajectory calculations, the tropospheric column of BrO derived from GOME satellite measurements, and results from a regional model, we conclude that the event did not originate from triggering of reactive halogen release in the sub-Arctic region of Hudson Bay but resulted from such an event occurring at higher latitudes over the islands of the northern Canada Archipelago and nearby Arctic Ocean with subsequent transport over a distance of 1,000–1,500 km to Hudson Bay. BrO x  remained active during this transport despite considerable changes in the conditions of the underlying surface suggesting that chemical recycling during transport dominated any local halogen input from the surface. If all of the tropospheric column density of BrO is distributed uniformly within the surface layer, then the mixing ratio of BrO derived from the satellite measurements is at least a factor of 2–3 larger than derived indirectly from in situ aircraft measurements of the NO/NO2 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Halogen compounds
KW  - Arctic Ocean -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Bromine compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Hudson Bay
KW  - Canada
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Bromine
KW  - GOME
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Ozone depletion
KW  - TOPSE
N1  - Accession Number: 25603806; Ridley, B. 1; Email Address: ridley@ucar.edu; Zeng, T. 2; Wang, Y. 2; Atlas, E. 3; Browell, E. 4; Hess, P. 1; Orlando, J. 1; Chance, K. 5; Richter, A. 6; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division , NCAR , Boulder 80307 USA; 2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta 30332 USA; 3: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , University of Miami , Miami 33149 USA; 4: Atmospheric Sciences , NASA Langley Research Center , Hampton 23681 USA; 5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge 02138 USA; 6: Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Bremen , 28334 Bremen Germany; Issue Info: Jul2007, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p255; Thesaurus Term: Tropospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: Halogen compounds; Subject Term: Arctic Ocean -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Bromine compounds -- Environmental aspects; Subject: Hudson Bay; Subject: Canada; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bromine; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOME; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone depletion; Author-Supplied Keyword: TOPSE; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-007-9072-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Chihdar
AU  - Sun, Wenjun
AU  - Tomblin, John S.
AU  - Smeltzer III, Stanley S.
T1  - A Semi-analytical Method for Determining the Strain Energy Release Rate of Cracks in Adhesively-bonded Single-lap Composite Joints.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 41
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1579
EP  - 1602
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A semi-analytical method for determining the strain energy release rates due to a prescribed crack in an adhesively-bonded, single-lap composite joint subjected to axial tension is presented. The field equations in terms of displacements within the joint are formulated by using first-order shear deformable, laminated plate theory together with kinematic relations and force equilibrium conditions. The stress distributions for the adherends and adhesive are determined after the appropriate boundary and loading conditions are applied and the equations for the field displacements are solved. Based on the adhesive stress distributions, the forces at the crack tip are obtained and the strain energy release rates of the crack are determined by using the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). Additionally. the test specimen geometry from both the ASTM D3165 and D1002 test standards are utilized during the derivation of the field equations in order to correlate analytical models with future test results. The system of second-order differential field equations is solved to provide the adherend and adhesive stress response using the symbolic computation tool, Maple 9. Finite element analyses using J-integral as well as VCCT were performed to verify the developed analytical model. The finite element analyses were conducted using the commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS™. The results determined using the analytical method correlated well with the results from the finite element analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - adhesively-bonded joint
KW  - composite joint
KW  - fracture mechanics
KW  - laminated plate theory
KW  - strain energy release rate
KW  - virtual crack closure technique (VCCT)
N1  - Accession Number: 26070042; Yang, Chihdar 1; Email Address: charles.yang@wichita.edu; Sun, Wenjun 1; Tomblin, John S. 1; Smeltzer III, Stanley S. 2; Source Information: Jul2007, Vol. 41 Issue 13, p1579; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject: STRESS concentration; Subject: FINITE element method; Subject: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject: ADHESIVES; Author-Supplied Keyword: adhesively-bonded joint; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite joint; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: laminated plate theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: strain energy release rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: virtual crack closure technique (VCCT); Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.77/0021998306069872
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kinzel, Paul J.
AU  - Wright, C. Wayne
AU  - Nelson, Jonathan M.
AU  - Burman, Aaron R.
T1  - Evaluation of an Experimental LiDAR for Surveying a Shallow, Braided, Sand-Bedded River.
JO  - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 133
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 838
EP  - 842
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 07339429
AB  - Reaches of a shallow (<1.0 m), braided, sand-bedded river were surveyed in 2002 and 2005 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL) and concurrently with conventional survey-grade, real-time kinematic, global positioning system technology. The laser pulses transmitted by the EAARL instrument and the return backscatter waveforms from exposed sand and submerged sand targets in the river were completely digitized and stored for postflight processing. The vertical mapping accuracy of the EAARL was evaluated by comparing the ellipsoidal heights computed from ranging measurements made using an EAARL terrestrial algorithm to nearby (<0.5 m apart) ground-truth ellipsoidal heights. After correcting for apparent systematic bias in the surveys, the root mean square error of these heights with the terrestrial algorithm in the 2002 survey was 0.11 m for the 26 measurements taken on exposed sand and 0.18 m for the 59 measurements taken on submerged sand. In the 2005 survey, the root mean square error was 0.18 m for 92 measurements taken on exposed sand and 0.24 m for 434 measurements on submerged sand. In submerged areas the waveforms were complicated by reflections from the surface, water column entrained turbidity, and potentially the riverbed. When applied to these waveforms, especially in depths greater than 0.4 m, the terrestrial algorithm calculated the range above the riverbed. A bathymetric algorithm has been developed to approximate the position of the riverbed in these convolved waveforms and preliminary results are encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Hydraulic Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Rivers
KW  - Sand
KW  - River surveys
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Bathymetry
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - River beds
KW  - Riverine bars
KW  - Shallow water
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 25448729; Kinzel, Paul J. 1; Email Address: pjkinzel@usgs.gov; Wright, C. Wayne 2; Nelson, Jonathan M. 3; Burman, Aaron R. 3; Affiliations: 1: Hydrologist, United States Geological Survey, Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory, 4620 Technology Drive, Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403; 2: Physical Scientist, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, Code 614.6, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Island, VA 23337.; 3: Hydrologist, United States Geological Survey, Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory, 4620 Technology Drive, Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403.; Issue Info: Jul2007, Vol. 133 Issue 7, p838; Thesaurus Term: Rivers; Thesaurus Term: Sand; Subject Term: River surveys; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Global Positioning System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bathymetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: River beds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Riverine bars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shallow water ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:7(838)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=25448729&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald
T1  - Managing Projects by Mary Grace Duffy (Mentor), Leading Teams by Anne Donnellon (Mentor) and Running Meetings by Nick Morgan (Mentor).
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 410
EP  - 411
SN  - 07376782
AB  - The article reviews several books in the Pocket Mentor series including "Managing Projects," "Leading Teams," and "Running Meetings."
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Managing Projects (Book)
KW  - Leading Teams (Book)
KW  - Running Meetings (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 25438977; Mulenburg, Gerald 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (retired); Issue Info: Jul2007, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p410; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Managing Projects (Book); Reviews & Products: Leading Teams (Book); Reviews & Products: Running Meetings (Book); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2007.00258_4.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=25438977&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sprofera, Joseph D.
AU  - Cabell, Randolph H.
AU  - Gibbs, Gary P.
AU  - Clark, Robert L.
T1  - Structural acoustic control of plates with variable boundary conditions: Design methodology.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 122
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 279
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A method for optimizing a structural acoustic control system subject to variations in plate boundary conditions is provided. The assumed modes method is used to build a plate model with varying levels of rotational boundary stiffness to simulate the dynamics of a plate with uncertain edge conditions. A transducer placement scoring process, involving Hankel singular values, is combined with a genetic optimization routine to find spatial locations robust to boundary condition variation. Predicted frequency response characteristics are examined, and theoretically optimized results are discussed in relation to the range of boundary conditions investigated. Modeled results indicate that it is possible to minimize the impact of uncertain boundary conditions in active structural acoustic control by optimizing the placement of transducers with respect to those uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - SOUND
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 25638798; Sprofera, Joseph D. 1; Email Address: joe.sprofera@gmail.com; Cabell, Randolph H. 2; Email Address: r.h.cabell@larc.nasa.gov; Gibbs, Gary P. 3; Email Address: gary@aeqisound.com; Clark, Robert L. 1; Email Address: rclark@duke.edu; Affiliations: 1 : Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708; 2 : NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 3 : NASA Langley Research Center, Quiet Aircraft Technology Project, Hampton Virginia 23681;  Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 122 Issue 1, p271; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2739404
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hwang-Dae Kim
AU  - Robinson, Timothy J.
AU  - Wulff, Shaun S.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Comparison of Parametric, Nonparametric and Semiparametric Modeling of Wind Tunnel Data.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 190
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08982112
AB  - This article presents a case study illustrating the use of parametric, nonparametric, and semiparametric modeling. The study comes from aeronautical research that examines a highly nonlinear relationship between coefficient of lift and angle of attack in a wind tunnel experiment. For this study, nonparametric and semiparametric approaches provide reasonable alternatives to the usual linear parametric approach and we demonstrate that they can aid in understanding the underlying process. Model comparison and replicated design points are also addressed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - REPLICATION (Experimental design)
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - aeronautics
KW  - lack-of-fit
KW  - nonlinear modeling
KW  - PRESS
KW  - regression
KW  - replication
N1  - Accession Number: 25958654; Hwang-Dae Kim 1; Robinson, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: tjrobin@uwyo.edu; Wulff, Shaun S. 1; Parker, Peter A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Statistics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Issue Info: Jul2007, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p179; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: REPLICATION (Experimental design); Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Author-Supplied Keyword: aeronautics; Author-Supplied Keyword: lack-of-fit; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonlinear modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: PRESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: regression; Author-Supplied Keyword: replication; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982110701438485
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=25958654&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, D. P.
AU  - Dalton, J. B.
AU  - Ore, C. M. Dalle
AU  - Bauer, J.
AU  - Stephan, K.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Hendrix, A. R.
AU  - Hansen, C. J.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Tosi, F.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Brown, R. H.
AU  - Nelson, R. M.
AU  - McCord, T. B.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Nicholson, P. D.
T1  - Surface composition of Hyperion.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/07/05/
VL  - 448
IS  - 7149
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 56
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Hyperion, Saturn’s eighth largest icy satellite, is a body of irregular shape in a state of chaotic rotation. The surface is segregated into two distinct units. A spatially dominant high-albedo unit having the strong signature of H2O ice contrasts with a unit that is about a factor of four lower in albedo and is found mostly in the bottoms of cup-like craters. Here we report observations of Hyperion’s surface in the ultraviolet and near-infrared spectral regions with two optical remote sensing instruments on the Cassini spacecraft at closest approach during a fly-by on 25–26 September 2005. The close fly-by afforded us the opportunity to obtain separate reflectance spectra of the high- and low-albedo surface components. The low-albedo material has spectral similarities and compositional signatures that link it with the surface of Phoebe and a hemisphere-wide superficial coating on Iapetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Surface -- Optical properties
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 25621574; Cruikshank, D. P. 1; Email Address: Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov; Dalton, J. B. 2; Ore, C. M. Dalle 2; Bauer, J. 3; Stephan, K. 4; Filacchione, G. 5; Hendrix, A. R. 3; Hansen, C. J. 3; Coradini, A. 5; Cerroni, P. 5; Tosi, F. 5; Capaccioni, F. 5; Jaumann, R. 4; Buratti, B. J. 3; Clark, R. N. 6; Brown, R. H. 7; Nelson, R. M. 3; McCord, T. B. 8; Baines, K. H. 3; Nicholson, P. D. 9; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6; 2: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 4: DLR, Institute for Planetary Exploration, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; 5: INAF-IASF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica,; 6: USGS, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA; 7: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; 8: Space Science Institute NW, 22 Fiddler’s Road, Winthrop, Washington 98862-0667, USA; 9: Cornell University, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Issue Info: 7/5/2007, Vol. 448 Issue 7149, p54; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Surface -- Optical properties; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Subject Term: Space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature05948
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vanderbilt, Vern C.
AU  - Khanna, Shruti
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
T1  - Impact of pixel size on mapping surface water in subsolar imagery
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2007/07/12/
VL  - 109
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We observed surface water in a wetland, imaging in the subsolar or specular direction the exceptionally bright specular reflection of sunlight at a ground resolution of 0.3 m. We then simulated ground resolutions between 1.7 m and 1.2 km through aggregation of the 0.3 m pixels. Contrary to the expectations of some of our colleagues in the wetlands community, for these data, the accuracy of spectral mixture analysis (SMA) estimates of surface water increases as pixel ground footprint size increases. Our results suggest that regional to global scale assessments of flooded landscapes and wetlands that do not involve issues requiring 1 m resolution per se may be addressed with acceptable accuracy by applying SMA techniques to low resolution imagery. Our results indicate within-pixel estimates of surface water area derived from data measured by subsolar viewing sensors with large ground pixel footprints, such as satellite POLarization and Directionality of Earth Radiance (POLDER) data, may be highly accurate under strong surface wind conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Wetlands
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Water
KW  - Specular reflectance
KW  - Resolution (Optics)
KW  - Pixels
KW  - Surfaces (Technology) -- Analysis
KW  - Surface area
KW  - Wind speed
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Linear spectral unmixing
KW  - Spectral mixture analysis
KW  - Specular reflection
KW  - Subsolar
KW  - Sun glint
KW  - Wetland
N1  - Accession Number: 25186770; Vanderbilt, Vern C. 1; Email Address: Vern.C.Vanderbilt@nasa.gov; Khanna, Shruti 2; Ustin, Susan L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 2: University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Issue Info: Jul2007, Vol. 109 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Wetlands; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Water; Subject Term: Specular reflectance; Subject Term: Resolution (Optics); Subject Term: Pixels; Subject Term: Surfaces (Technology) -- Analysis; Subject Term: Surface area; Subject Term: Wind speed; Subject Term: Optical polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear spectral unmixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral mixture analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Specular reflection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subsolar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun glint; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wetland; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, S.
AU  - Jiménez, R.
AU  - Daube, B. C.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Conway, T. J.
AU  - Gottlieb, E.W.
AU  - Chow, V. Y.
AU  - Curran, D. J.
AU  - Matross, D. M.
AU  - Bright, A.
AU  - Atlas, E. L.
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - Gao, R.-S.
AU  - Twohy, C. H.
AU  - Wofsy, S. C.
T1  - The CO2 tracer clock for the Tropical Tropopause Layer.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/07/15/
VL  - 7
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 3989
EP  - 4000
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Observations of CO2 were made in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the deep tropics in order to determine the patterns of large-scale vertical transport and age of air in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL). Flights aboard the NASA WB-57F aircraft over Central America and adjacent ocean areas took place in January and February, 2004 (Pre-AURA Validation Experiment, Pre-AVE) and 2006 (Costa Rice AVE, CR-AVE), and for the same flight dates of 2006, aboard the Proteus aircraft from the surface to 15 km over Darwin, Australia (Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment, TWP-ICE). The data demonstrate that the TTL is composed of two layers with distinctive features: (1) the lower TTL, 350-360K (potential temperature(θ); approximately 12-14 km), is subject to inputs of convective outflows, as indicated by layers of variable CO2 concentrations, with air parcels of zero age distributed throughout the layer; (2) the upper TTL, from θ=~360K to ~390K (14-18 km), ascends slowly and ages uniformly, as shown by a linear decline in CO2 mixing ratio tightly correlated with altitude, associated with increasing age. This division is confirmed by ensemble trajectory analysis. The CO2 concentration at the level of 360K was 380.0(±0.2) ppmv, indistinguishable from surface site values in the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) for the flight dates. Values declined with altitude to 379.2(±0.2) ppmv at 390 K, implying that air in the upper TTL monotonically ages while ascending. In combination with the winter slope of the CO2 seasonal cycle (+10.8±0.4 ppmv/yr), the vertical gradient of -0.78 (±0.09) ppmv gives a mean age of 26(±3) days for the air at 390K and a mean ascent rate of 1.5(±0.3) mms-1. The TTL near 360K in the Southern Hemisphere over Australia is very close in CO2 composition to the TTL in the Northern Hemisphere over Costa Rica, with strong contrasts emerging at lower altitudes (<360 K). Both Pre-AVE and CR-AVE CO2 observed unexpected input from deep convection over Amazônia deep into the TTL. The CO2 data confirm the operation of a highly accurate tracer clock in the TTL that provides a direct measure of the ascent rate of the TTL and of the age of air entering the stratosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Space flight
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 27551983; Park, S. 1; Jiménez, R. 1; Daube, B. C. 1; Pfister, L. 2; Conway, T. J. 3; Gottlieb, E.W. 1; Chow, V. Y. 1; Curran, D. J. 1; Matross, D. M. 1,4; Bright, A. 1; Atlas, E. L. 5; Bui, T. P. 2; Gao, R.-S. 6; Twohy, C. H. 7; Wofsy, S. C. 1; Email Address: swofsy@deas.harvard.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and the Division of Engineering and Applies Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 2: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 3: NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA; 4: Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; 5: University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida 33149, USA; 6: NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA; 7: Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Science, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 14, p3989; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Subject Term: Space flight; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sjostedt, S.J.
AU  - Huey, L.G.
AU  - Tanner, D.J.
AU  - Peischl, J.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Dibb, J.E.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Hutterli, M.A.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.J.
AU  - Blake, N.J.
AU  - Blake, D.R.
AU  - Sueper, D.
AU  - Ryerson, T.
AU  - Burkhart, J.
AU  - Stohl, A.
T1  - Observations of hydroxyl and the sum of peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland during summer 2003
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 41
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 5122
EP  - 5137
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The first measurements of peroxy (HO2+RO2) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals above the arctic snowpack were collected during the summer 2003 campaign at Summit, Greenland. The median measured number densities for peroxy and hydroxyl radicals were 2.2×108 molcm−3 and 6.4×106 molcm−3, respectively. The observed peroxy radical values are in excellent agreement (, ) with highly constrained model predictions. However, calculated hydroxyl number densities are consistently more than a factor of 2 lower than the observed values. These results indicate that our current understanding of radical sources and sinks is in accord with our observations in this environment but that there may be a mechanism that is perturbing the (HO2+RO2)/OH ratio. This observed ratio was also found to depend on meteorological conditions especially during periods of high winds accompanied by blowing snow. Backward transport model simulations indicate that these periods of high winds were characterized by rapid transport (1–2 days) of marine boundary layer air to Summit. These data suggest that the boundary layer photochemistry at Summit may be periodically impacted by halogens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Snow
KW  - Winds
KW  - Density
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Hydroxyl group
KW  - Radicals (Chemistry)
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Greenland
KW  - HOx
KW  - Hydroxyl radical
KW  - Polar
KW  - Summit
N1  - Accession Number: 25768990; Sjostedt, S.J. 1; Huey, L.G. 1; Email Address: greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; Tanner, D.J. 1; Peischl, J. 1,2; Chen, G. 3; Dibb, J.E. 4; Lefer, B. 5; Hutterli, M.A. 6,7; Beyersdorf, A.J. 8; Blake, N.J. 8; Blake, D.R. 8; Sueper, D. 2; Ryerson, T. 2; Burkhart, J. 9; Stohl, A. 10; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0340, USA; 2: NOAA Aeronomy Lab, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3525, USA; 5: Geosciences Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5007, USA; 6: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 7: Physical Sciences Division, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK; 8: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA; 9: School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95344-2039, USA; 10: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; Issue Info: Aug2007, Vol. 41 Issue 24, p5122; Thesaurus Term: Snow; Thesaurus Term: Winds; Thesaurus Term: Density; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; Subject Term: Radicals (Chemistry); Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject: Greenland; Author-Supplied Keyword: HOx; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Summit; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juergensmeyer, M. A.
AU  - Nelson, E. S.
AU  - Juergensmeyer, E. A.
T1  - Shaking alone, without concurrent aeration, affects the growth characteristics of Escherichia coli.
JO  - Letters in Applied Microbiology
JF  - Letters in Applied Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 183
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 02668254
AB  - Aims:  This study investigated the effects of linear vibration on cultures grown in both hard- and soft-sided containers to determine whether vibration alone affected the growth rate. Methods and Results:  Cultures of Escherichia coli were exposed to vibrational acceleration with and without access to additional oxygen. Vibrated cultures grown in hard-sided containers exited lag phase earlier and had a higher final yield than identical unshaken cultures, whether or not the cultures had access to ambient air. Cultures grown in soft-sided containers showed no response to vibration. Conclusions:  Vibration in hard-sided containers decreases the length of the lag phase and increases final OD in E. coli, with or without increased oxygenation. Increased mixing and improved suspension, which result from vibration of cultures in hard-sided containers, are the most likely physical mechanisms for the more favorable culture conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study:  This paper demonstrates that growth enhancement of shaken cultures is a function of the rigidity of the vessel even without aeration of the medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Letters in Applied Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Escherichia coli
KW  - Enterobacteriaceae
KW  - Photosynthetic oxygen evolution
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Reservoirs -- Aeration
KW  - clinostat
KW  - E. coli
KW  - modeled microgravity
KW  - oxygenation of media
KW  - vibration
N1  - Accession Number: 25847854; Juergensmeyer, M. A. 1; Email Address: mjuergensmeyer@iitri.org; Nelson, E. S. 2; Juergensmeyer, E. A. 3; Affiliations: 1: IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; 3: Judson College, Elgin, IL, USA; Issue Info: Aug2007, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p179; Thesaurus Term: Escherichia coli; Thesaurus Term: Enterobacteriaceae; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetic oxygen evolution; Thesaurus Term: Oxygen; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Subject Term: Reservoirs -- Aeration; Author-Supplied Keyword: clinostat; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. coli; Author-Supplied Keyword: modeled microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxygenation of media; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02172.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
AU  - Ramana, Muvva V.
AU  - Roberts, Gregory
AU  - Kim, Dohyeong
AU  - Corrigan, Craig
AU  - Chul Chung
AU  - Winker, David
T1  - Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/08/02/8/2/2007 Supplement
VL  - 448
IS  - 7153
M3  - Letter
SP  - 575
EP  - 578
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Atmospheric brown clouds are mostly the result of biomass burning and fossil fuel consumption. They consist of a mixture of light-absorbing and light-scattering aerosols and therefore contribute to atmospheric solar heating and surface cooling. The sum of the two climate forcing terms—the net aerosol forcing effect—is thought to be negative and may have masked as much as half of the global warming attributed to the recent rapid rise in greenhouse gases. There is, however, at least a fourfold uncertainty in the aerosol forcing effect. Atmospheric solar heating is a significant source of the uncertainty, because current estimates are largely derived from model studies. Here we use three lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles that were vertically stacked between 0.5 and 3 km over the polluted Indian Ocean. These unmanned aerial vehicles deployed miniaturized instruments measuring aerosol concentrations, soot amount and solar fluxes. During 18 flight missions the three unmanned aerial vehicles were flown with a horizontal separation of tens of metres or less and a temporal separation of less than ten seconds, which made it possible to measure the atmospheric solar heating rates directly. We found that atmospheric brown clouds enhanced lower atmospheric solar heating by about 50 per cent. Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends. We propose that the combined warming trend of 0.25 K per decade may be sufficient to account for the observed retreat of the Himalayan glaciers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Letters to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 25997641; Ramanathan, Veerabhadran 1; Email Address: vramanathan@ucsd.edu; Ramana, Muvva V. 1; Roberts, Gregory 1; Kim, Dohyeong 1; Corrigan, Craig 1; Chul Chung 1; Winker, David 2; Affiliations: 1: Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California 92037, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001, USA; Issue Info: 8/2/2007 Supplement, Vol. 448 Issue 7153, p575; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature06019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dillon, Jesse G.
AU  - Fishbain, Susan
AU  - Miller, Scott R.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Habicht, Kirsten S.
AU  - Webb, Samuel M.
AU  - Stahl, David A.
T1  - High Rates of Sulfate Reduction in a Low-Sulfate Hot Spring Microbial Mat Are Driven by a Low Level of Diversity of Sulfate-Respiring Microorganisms.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/08/15/
VL  - 73
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5218
EP  - 5226
SN  - 00992240
AB  - The importance of sulfate respiration in the microbial mat found in the low-sulfate thermal outflow of Mushroom Spring in Yellowstone National Park was evaluated using a combination of molecular, microelectrode, and radiotracer studies. Despite very low sulfate concentrations, this mat community was shown to sustain a highly active sulfur cycle. The highest rates of sulfate respiration were measured close to the surface of the mat late in the day when photosynthetic oxygen production ceased and were associated with a Thermodesulfovibrio-like population. Reduced activity at greater depths was correlated with novel populations of sulfate-reducing microorganisms, unrelated to characterized species, and most likely due to both sulfate and carbon limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Radioactive tracers
KW  - Photosynthetic oxygen evolution
KW  - Geothermal resources
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Microelectrodes
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 26360117; Dillon, Jesse G. 1; Email Address: jdillon@csulb.edu; Fishbain, Susan 2; Miller, Scott R. 3; Bebout, Brad M. 4; Habicht, Kirsten S. 5; Webb, Samuel M. 2; Stahl, David A. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208; 3: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812; 4: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 95035; 5: Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; 6: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 981956; Issue Info: Aug2007, Vol. 73 Issue 16, p5218; Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Radioactive tracers; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetic oxygen evolution; Thesaurus Term: Geothermal resources; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Microelectrodes; Subject: Yellowstone National Park; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221116 Geothermal Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.00357-07
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeff
T1  - Planets: The first movement.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/08/30/
VL  - 448
IS  - 7157
M3  - Article
SP  - 1003
EP  - 1003
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article looks at how large objects form from the dusty gas that surrounds a young star. It is said that making planets takes several stages because tiny interstellar grains must accrete into mountain-sized objects massive enough to decouple from their cocoon of nebula gas in order to form a complete planet. It cites one popular mechanism, that is magnetorotational instability, wherein low-density, ionized nebula gas couples to ambient magnetic fields strongly enough that tiny velocity fluctuations are amplified. Further, a study indicates that future efforts devoted to developing more complex models of the interactions between particles and gas in the protoplanetary nebula will be a good investment.
KW  - Atmospheric ionization
KW  - Magnetic fields
KW  - Stars -- Formation
KW  - Planets
KW  - Dusty plasmas
KW  - Cosmic dust
KW  - Planetary nebulae
KW  - Magnetospheric physics
KW  - Decoupling (Mathematics)
KW  - Proto-planetary nebulae
N1  - Accession Number: 26383003; Cuzzi, Jeff 1; Email Address: jcuzzi@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 8/30/2007, Vol. 448 Issue 7157, p1003; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ionization; Thesaurus Term: Magnetic fields; Subject Term: Stars -- Formation; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Dusty plasmas; Subject Term: Cosmic dust; Subject Term: Planetary nebulae; Subject Term: Magnetospheric physics; Subject Term: Decoupling (Mathematics); Subject Term: Proto-planetary nebulae; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/4481003a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khatib, Lina
AU  - Morris, Paul
AU  - Morris, Robert
AU  - Rossi, Francesca
AU  - Sperduti, Alessandro
AU  - Venable, K. Brent
T1  - Solving and learning a tractable class of soft temporal constraints: Theoretical and experimental results.
JO  - AI Communications
JF  - AI Communications
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 209
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 09217126
AB  - Often we need to work in scenarios where events happen over time and preferences are associated with event distances and durations. Soft temporal constraints allow one to describe in a natural way problems arising in such scenarios. In general, solving soft temporal problems requires exponential time in the worst case, but there are interesting subclasses of problems which are polynomially solvable. In this paper we identify one of such subclasses, that is, simple fuzzy temporal problems with semi-convex preference functions, giving tractability results. Moreover, we describe two solvers for this class of soft temporal problems, and we show some experimental results. The random generator used to build the problems on which tests are performed is also described. We also compare the two solvers highlighting the tradeoff between performance and robustness. Sometimes, however, temporal local preferences are difficult to set, and it may be easier instead to associate preferences to some complete solutions of the problem. To model everything in a uniform way via local preferences only, and also to take advantage of the existing constraint solvers which exploit only local preferences, we show that machine learning techniques can be useful in this respect. In particular, we present a learning module based on a gradient descent technique which induces local temporal preferences from global ones. We also show the behavior of the learning module on randomly-generated examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AI Communications is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - MACHINE theory
KW  - APPROPRIATE technology
KW  - COMPUTER scheduling
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - CONSTRAINT programming (Computer science)
KW  - learning constraints
KW  - preferences
KW  - scheduling
KW  - Temporal constraints
N1  - Accession Number: 26888710; Khatib, Lina 1; Morris, Paul 1; Morris, Robert 1; Rossi, Francesca 2; Sperduti, Alessandro 2; Venable, K. Brent 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: University of Padova, Dept. of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Via G.B. Belzoni 7, 35131 Padova, Italy; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p181; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Thesaurus Term: MACHINE theory; Thesaurus Term: APPROPRIATE technology; Subject Term: COMPUTER scheduling; Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: CONSTRAINT programming (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: learning constraints; Author-Supplied Keyword: preferences; Author-Supplied Keyword: scheduling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temporal constraints; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stern, J.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Gu, B.
AU  - Newman, J.
T1  - Distribution and turnover of carbon in natural and constructed wetlands in the Florida Everglades
JO  - Applied Geochemistry
JF  - Applied Geochemistry
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 22
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1936
EP  - 1948
SN  - 08832927
AB  - Abstract: Stable and radiocarbon isotopic contents of dissolved organic C (DOC), dissolved inorganic C (DIC), particulate organic C (POC) and plants were used to examine the source and turnover rate of C in natural and constructed wetlands in the Florida Everglades. DOC concentrations decreased, with P concentrations, along a water quality gradient from the agriculturally impacted areas in the northern Everglades to the more pristine Everglades National Park. δ13C values of DOC in the area reflect contributions of both wetland vegetation and sugarcane from agriculture. Radiocarbon ages of DOC, POC and DIC in the Everglades ranged from 2.01ka BP to “>modern”. The old 14C ages of DOC and POC were found in impacted areas near the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in the northern Everglades. In contrast, DOC and POC in pristine marsh areas had near modern or “>modern”14C ages. These data indicate that a major source of POC and DOC in impacted areas is the degradation of historic peat deposits in the EAA. In the pristine areas of the marsh, DOC represents a mix of modern and historic C sources, whereas POC comes from modern primary production as indicated by positive Δ14C values, suggesting that DOC is transported farther away from its source than POC. High Δ14C values of DIC indicate that dissolution of limestone bedrock is not a significant source of DIC in the Everglades wetlands. As a restored wetland moves towards its “original” or “natural” state, the 14C signatures of DOC should approach that of modern atmosphere. In addition, measurements of concentration and C isotopic composition of DOC in two small constructed wetlands (i.e., test cells) indicate that these freshwater wetland systems contain a labile DOC pool with rapid turnover times of 26–39days and that the test cells are overall net sinks of DOC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Wetlands
KW  - Carbon isotopes
KW  - Everglades (Fla.)
KW  - Florida
N1  - Accession Number: 26335530; Stern, J. 1,2; Wang, Y. 1; Email Address: ywang@magnet.fsu.edu; Gu, B. 3; Newman, J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4100, United States; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 3: Everglades Division, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL 33406, United States; Issue Info: Sep2007, Vol. 22 Issue 9, p1936; Thesaurus Term: Wetlands; Subject Term: Carbon isotopes; Subject: Everglades (Fla.); Subject: Florida; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kahn, B. H.
AU  - Chahine, M. T.
AU  - Stephens, G. L.
AU  - Mace, G. G.
AU  - Marchand, R. T.
AU  - Wang, Z.
AU  - Barnet, C. D.
AU  - Eldering, A.
AU  - Holz, R. E.
AU  - Kuehn, R. E.
AU  - Vane, D. G.
T1  - Cloud type comparisons of AIRS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO cloud height and amount.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 13915
EP  - 13958
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The precision of the two-layer cloud height fields derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is explored and quantified for a five-day set of observations. Coincident profiles of vertical cloud structure by CloudSat, a 94 GHz profiling radar, and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), are compared to AIRS for a wide range of cloud types. Bias and variability in cloud height differences are shown to have dependence on cloud type, height, and amount, as well as whether CloudSat or CALIPSO is used as the comparison standard. The CloudSat-AIRS biases and variability range from -4.3 to 0.5±1.2-3.6 km for all cloud types. Likewise, the CALIPSO-AIRS biases range from 0.6-3.0±1.2-3.6 km (-5.8 to -0.2±0.5-2.7 km) for clouds ≥7 km (<7 km). The upper layer of AIRS has the greatest sensitivity to Altocumulus, Altostratus, Cirrus, Cumulonimbus, and Nimbostratus, whereas the lower layer has the greatest sensitivity to Cumulus and Stratocumulus. Although the bias and variability generally decrease with increasing cloud amount, the ability of AIRS to constrain cloud occurrence, height, and amount is demonstrated across all cloud types for many geophysical conditions. In particular, skill is demonstrated for thin Cirrus, as well as some Cumulus and Stratocumulus, cloud types infrared sounders typically struggle to quantify. Furthermore, some improvements in the AIRS Version 5 operational retrieval algorithm are demonstrated. However, limitations in AIRS cloud retrievals are also revealed, including the existence of spurious Cirrus near the tropopause and low cloud layers within Cumulonimbus and Nimbostratus clouds. Likely causes of spurious clouds are identified and the potential for further improvement is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Artificial satellites in meteorological optics
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 27435734; Kahn, B. H. 1; Email Address: brian.h.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov; Chahine, M. T. 1; Stephens, G. L. 2; Mace, G. G. 3; Marchand, R. T. 4; Wang, Z. 5; Barnet, C. D. 6; Eldering, A. 1; Holz, R. E. 7; Kuehn, R. E. 8; Vane, D. G. 1; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; 3: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 4: Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; 6: NOAA--NESDIS, Silver Springs, MD, USA; 7: CIMSS--University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p13915; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Artificial satellites in meteorological optics; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Algorithms; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 2 Graphs, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Y.
AU  - Shao, M.
AU  - Lu, S. H.
AU  - Chang, C.-C.
AU  - Wang, J.-L.
AU  - Chen, G.
T1  - Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 14707
EP  - 14745
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We measured levels of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at seven sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China during the Air Quality Monitoring Campaign spanning 4 October to 3 November 2004. Two of the sites, Guangzhou (GZ) and Xinken (XK), were intensive sites at which we collected multiple daily canister samples. The observations reported here provide a look at the VOC distribution, speciation, and photochemical implications in the PRD region. Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (>40%) in mixing ratios of the quantified VOCs at six sites; the exception was one major industrial site that was dominated by aromatics (about 52%). Highly elevated VOC levels occurred at GZ during two pollution episodes; however, the chemical composition of the VOCs did not exhibit noticeable changes during these episodes, except that the fraction of aromatics was about 10% higher. We calculated the OH loss rate to estimate the chemical reactivity of all VOCs. Of the anthropogenic VOCs, alkenes played a predominant role in VOC reactivity at GZ, whereas the contributions of reactive aromatics were more important at XK. Our preliminary analysis of the VOC correlations suggests that the ambient VOCs at GZ came directly from local sources (i.e., automobiles); those at XK were influenced by both local emissions and transportation of air mass from upwind areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Alkanes
KW  - Aromatic compounds
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Pearl River (China)
KW  - China
N1  - Accession Number: 27435758; Liu, Y. 1; Shao, M. 1; Email Address: mshao@pku.edu.cn; Lu, S. H. 2; Chang, C.-C. 3; Wang, J.-L. 2; Chen, G. 4; Affiliations: 1: State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; 2: Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan, China; 3: Res. Center of Environment Change, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan, China; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p14707; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Alkanes; Thesaurus Term: Aromatic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject: Pearl River (China); Subject: China; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 39p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 14 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shim, C.
AU  - Li, Q.
AU  - Luo, M.
AU  - Kulawik, S.
AU  - Worden, H.
AU  - Worden, J.
AU  - Eldering, A.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Sachse, G.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Knapp, D.
AU  - Montzca, D.
AU  - Campos, T.
T1  - Characterizing mega-city pollution with TES O3 and CO measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 15189
EP  - 15212
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Concurrent tropospheric O3 and CO vertical profiles from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) during the MILAGRO/INTEX-B aircraft campaigns over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) allow us to characterize mega-city pollution. Outflow from the MCMA occurred predominantly at 600-800 hPa, evident in O3, CO, and NOx enhancements in the in situ observations. We examined O3, CO, and their correlation at 600-800 hPa from TES retrievals, aircraft measurements, and GEOS-Chem model results over the aircraft coverage (within a radius of ∼700 km around MCMA). The enhancements in O3 and CO seen in the in situ measurements are not apparent in TES data, due to the lack of TES coverage during several strong pollution events. However, TES O3 and CO data are consistent with the aircraft observations on a daily mean basis (50-60 ppbv and 100-130 ppbv for O3 and CO respectively). The O3-CO correlation coefficients and enhancement ratios (ΔO3/ΔCO) derived from TES data are in good agreements with those derived from the aircraft observations and GEOS-Chem model results (r:0.5-0.9;ΔO3/ΔCO: 0.3-0.4), reflecting significant springtime photochemical production over MCMA and the surrounding region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Cities & towns
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 27435769; Shim, C. 1; Email Address: cshim@jpl.nasa.gov; Li, Q. 1; Luo, M. 1; Kulawik, S. 1; Worden, H. 1; Worden, J. 1; Eldering, A. 1; Diskin, G. 2; Sachse, G. 2; Weinheimer, A. 3; Knapp, D. 3; Montzca, D. 3; Campos, T. 3; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, CO, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), VA, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p15189; Thesaurus Term: Pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Urban pollution; Thesaurus Term: Cities & towns; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - Rhodes, Kevin L.
AU  - Linda Ng Boyle
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
AU  - Yong Chen
AU  - Shuangjiang Liu
AU  - Peijin Zhuo
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Cyanobacterial ecology across environmental gradients and spatial scales in China's hot and cold deserts.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 482
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 01686496
AB  - Lithic photoautotrophic communities function as principal primary producers in the world's driest deserts, yet many aspects of their ecology remain unknown. This is particularly true for Asia, where some of the Earth's oldest and driest deserts occur. Using methods derived from plant landscape ecology, we measured the abundance and spatial distribution of cyanobacterial colonization on quartz stony pavement across environmental gradients of rainfall and temperature in the isolated Taklimakan and Qaidam Basin deserts of western China. Colonization within available habitat ranged from 0.37±0.16% to 12.6±1.8%, with cold dry desert sites exhibiting the lowest abundance. Variation between sites was most strongly correlated with moisture-related variables and was independent of substrate availability. Cyanobacterial communities were spatially aggregated at multiple scales in patterns distinct from the underlying rock pattern. Site-level differences in cyanobacterial spatial pattern (e.g. mean inter-patch distance) were linked with rainfall, whereas patchiness within sites was correlated with local geology (greater colonization frequency of large rocks) and biology (dispersal during rainfall). We suggest that cyanobacterial patchiness may also in part be self-organized – that is, an outcome of soil water-biological feedbacks. We propose that landscape ecology concepts and models linking desert vegetation, biological feedbacks and ecohydrological processes are applicable to microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bacterial ecology
KW  - Deserts
KW  - Landscape ecology
KW  - Cyanobacterial blooms
KW  - Quarries & quarrying
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Microbial aggregation
KW  - Moisture -- Measurement
KW  - Asia
KW  - hyperarid desert
KW  - hypolithic
KW  - landscape ecology
KW  - patchiness
KW  - photoautotrophs
KW  - trigger-transfer-response-pulse framework
KW  - trigger-transferresponse-pulse framework
N1  - Accession Number: 26100409; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 1; Email Address: kwarren-rhodes@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Rhodes, Kevin L. 2; Linda Ng Boyle 3; Pointing, Stephen B. 4; Yong Chen 3; Shuangjiang Liu 5; Peijin Zhuo 5; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, The University of Hawaii at Hilo, HI, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 4: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; 5: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China; Issue Info: Sep2007, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p470; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Deserts; Thesaurus Term: Landscape ecology; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacterial blooms; Thesaurus Term: Quarries & quarrying; Thesaurus Term: Habitat (Ecology); Thesaurus Term: Microbial aggregation; Subject Term: Moisture -- Measurement; Subject: Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperarid desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypolithic; Author-Supplied Keyword: landscape ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: patchiness; Author-Supplied Keyword: photoautotrophs; Author-Supplied Keyword: trigger-transfer-response-pulse framework; Author-Supplied Keyword: trigger-transferresponse-pulse framework; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 8 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00351.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ewing, Stephanie A.
AU  - Michalski, Greg
AU  - Thiemens, Mark
AU  - Quinn, Richard C.
AU  - Macalady, Jennifer L.
AU  - Kohl, Steven
AU  - Wankel, Scott D.
AU  - Kendall, Carol
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Amundson, Ronald
T1  - Rainfall limit of the N cycle on Earth.
JO  - Global Biogeochemical Cycles
JF  - Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 08866236
AB  - In most climates on Earth, biological processes control soil N. In the Atacama Desert of Chile, aridity severely limits biology, and soils accumulate atmospheric NO3-. We examined this apparent transformation of the soil N cycle using a series of ancient Atacama Desert soils (>2 My) that vary in rainfall (21 to <2 mm yr-1). With decreasing rainfall, soil organic C decreases to 0.3 kg C m-2 and biological activity becomes minimal, while soil NO3- and organic N increase to 4 kg N m-2 and 1.4 kg N m-2, respectively. Atmospheric NO3- (Δ17O = 23.0%o) increases from 39% to 80% of total soil NO3- as rainfall decreases. These soils capture the transition from a steady state, biologically mediated soil N cycle to a dominantly abiotic, transient state of slowly accumulating atmospheric N. This transition suggests that oxidized soil N may be present in an even more arid and abiotic environment: Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Biogeochemical Cycles is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen in soils
KW  - Nitrogen cycle
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Soils & climate
KW  - Carbon in soils
KW  - Atmospheric nitrogen compounds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
N1  - Accession Number: 27344330; Ewing, Stephanie A. 1; Email Address: saewing@nature.berkeley.edu; Michalski, Greg 2; Email Address: gmichals@purdue.edu; Thiemens, Mark 3; Email Address: mthiemens@ucsd.edu; Quinn, Richard C. 4; Email Address: rquinn@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Macalady, Jennifer L. 5; Email Address: jmacalad@geosc.psu.edu; Kohl, Steven 6; Email Address: steve.kohl@dri.edu; Wankel, Scott D. 7; Email Address: swankel@oeb.harvard.edu; Kendall, Carol 8; Email Address: ckendall@usgs.gov; McKay, Christopher P. 9; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Amundson, Ronald 10; Email Address: earthy@nature.berkeley.edu; Affiliations: 1: Center of Isotope Geochemistry, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.; 2: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.; 3: Division of Physical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.; 4: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; 5: Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.; 6: Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA.; 7: Department of Organismal and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; 8: US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, USA.; 9: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; 10: Division of Ecosystem Sciences, Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.; Issue Info: Sep2007, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p1; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen in soils; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen cycle; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Soils & climate; Thesaurus Term: Carbon in soils; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nitrogen compounds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1029/2006GB002838
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Dufour, Gaëlle
AU  - Boone, Chris D.
AU  - Bernath, Peter F.
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Coheur, Piene-François
AU  - Turquety, Solène
AU  - Clerbaux, Cathy
T1  - Satellite boreal measurements over Alaska and Canada during June-July 2004: Simultaneous measurements of upper tropospheric CO, C2H6, HCN, CH3Cl, CH4, C2H2, CH3OH, HCOOH, OCS, and SF6 mixing ratios
JO  - Global Biogeochemical Cycles
JF  - Global Biogeochemical Cycles
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 08866236
AB  - Simultaneous ACE (Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment) upper tropospheric CO, C2H6, HCN, CH3Cl, CH4, C2H2, CH3OH, HCOOH, and OCS measurements show plumes up to 185 ppbv (10-9 per unit volume) for CO, 1.36 ppbv for C2H6, 755 pptv (10-12 per unit volume) for HCN, 1.12 ppbv for CH3Cl, 1.82 ppmv (10-6 per unit volume) for CH4, 0.178 ppbv for C2H2, 3.89 ppbv for CH3OH, 0.843 ppbv for HCOOH, and 0.48 ppbv for OCS in western Canada and Alaska at 50°N-68°N latitude between 29 June and 23 July 2004. Enhancement ratios and emission factors for HCOOH, CH3OH, HCN, C2H6, and OCS relative to CO at 250-350 hPa are inferred from measurements of young plumes compared with lower mixing ratios assumed to represent background conditions based on a CO emission factor derived from boreal measurements. Results are generally consistent with the limited data reported for various vegetative types and emission phases measured in extratropical forests including boreal forests. The low correlation between fire product emission mixing ratios and the SF6 mixing ratio is consistent with no significant SF6 emissions from the biomass fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Biogeochemical Cycles is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Cyanides
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Geographical positions
KW  - Canada
KW  - Alaska
N1  - Accession Number: 27344329; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Dufour, Gaëlle 2; Email Address: gaelle.dufour@lmd.polytechnique.fr; Boone, Chris D. 3; Email Address: cboone@aceboxuwaterloo.ca; Bernath, Peter F. 4; Email Address: pfb500@york.ac.uk; Chiou, Linda 5; Email Address: l.s.chiou@larc.nasa.gov; Coheur, Piene-François 6; Email Address: pfcoheur@ulbac.be; Turquety, Solène 7; Email Address: stu@aero.jussieu.fr; Clerbaux, Cathy 7; Email Address: ccl@aero.jussieu.fr; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 2: Laboratoire de Meteorologic Dynamique/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Palaiseau, France.; 3: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.; 4: Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 6: Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.; 7: Service d'Aéronomie/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.; Issue Info: Sep2007, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p1; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Cyanides; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Geographical positions; Subject: Canada; Subject: Alaska; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1029/2006GB002795
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lyle, Karen H.
AU  - Stockwell, Alan E.
AU  - Hardy, Robin C.
T1  - Application of Probability Methods to Assess Airframe Crash Modeling Uncertainty.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/09//Sep/Oct2007
Y1  - 2007/09//Sep/Oct2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1568
EP  - 1568
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Full-scale aircraft crash simulations performed with nonlinear, transient dynamic, finite element codes can incorporate structural complexities such as geometrically accurate models, human occupant models, and advanced material models to include nonlinear stress-strain behaviors and material failure. Validation of these crash simulations is difficult due to a lack of sufficient information to adequately determine the uncertainty in the experimental data and the appropriateness of modeling assumptions. This paper evaluates probabilistic approaches to quantify the effects of finite element modeling assumptions on the predicted responses. The application of probabilistic analysis using finite element simulations of a fuselage vertical drop is the focus of this paper. The results indicate that probabilistic methods show promise for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
N1  - Accession Number: 27300750; Source Information: Sep/Oct2007, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1568; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.27722
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duraisamy, Karthikeyan
AU  - McCroskey, William J.
AU  - Baeder, James D.
T1  - Analysis of Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Effects on Subsonic Unsteady Airfoil Flows.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/09//Sep/Oct2007
Y1  - 2007/09//Sep/Oct2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1683
EP  - 1683
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In this work, the effect of wall interference on steady and oscillating airfoils in a subsonic wind tunnel is studied. A variety of approaches including linear theory, compressible inviscid and viscous computations, and experimental data are considered. Integral transform solutions of the linearized potential equations show an augmentation of the lift magnitude for steady flows when the wall is close to the airfoil surface. For oscillating airfoils, lift augmentation is accompanied by a significant change in the phase of the lift response. Idealized compressible Euler calculations are seen to corroborate the linear theory under conditions that are sufficiently away from acoustic resonance. Further, the theory compares well with compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes calculations and experimental measurements over a wide range of attached flows at subsonic Mach numbers. The present methodology can thus be used to predict wall interference effects and also to help extrapolate linear and nonlinear (dynamic stall) wind tunnel data to free-air conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFERENCE (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - LINEAR systems
KW  - INTEGRAL transforms
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 27300757; Source Information: Sep/Oct2007, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1683; Subject Term: INTERFERENCE (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: LINEAR systems; Subject Term: INTEGRAL transforms; Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.28143
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Variation in Neuromuscular Responses during Acute Whole-Body Vibration Exercise.
AU  - Abercromby, Andrew F.J.
AU  - Amonette, William E.
AU  - Layne, Charles S.
AU  - McFarlin, Brian K.
AU  - Hinman, Martha R.
AU  - Paloski, William H.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 39
IS  - 9
SP  - 1642
EP  - 1650
CY  - ; 
SN  - 01959131
N1  - Accession Number: SPHS-1065363; Author: Abercromby, Andrew F.J.: 1 email: andrew.abercromby-l@nasa.gov. Author: Amonette, William E.: 2 Author: Layne, Charles S.: 3 Author: McFarlin, Brian K.: 4 Author: Hinman, Martha R.: 5 Author: Paloski, William H.: 6 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Wyle Laboratories, Inc., Houston, TX, USA: 2 Human Performance Laboratory, University of Houston, Clear Lake, TX, USA: 3 Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, TX, USA: 4 Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, TX, USA: 5 Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX, USA: 6 Human Adaptations and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP1978; References: 28; General Notes: Applied sciences: biodynamics. This project was funded in part by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NCC 9-58) Summer Internship Program.; Publication Type: Article; Material Type: PRINT; Update Code: 20071101; SIRC Article No.: S-1065363
N2  - Purpose: Leg muscle strength and power are increased after whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise. These effects may result from increased neuromuscular activation during WBV; however, previous studies of neuromuscular responses during WBV have not accounted for motion artifact. Methods: Sixteen healthy adults performed a series of static and dynamic unloaded squats with and without two different directions of WBV (rotational vibration, RV; and vertical vibration, VV; 30 Hz; 4 mmp-p). Activation of unilateral vastos lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior was recorded using EMG. During RV and VV, increases in EMG relative to baseline were compared over a range of knee angles, contraction types (concentric, eccentric, isometric), and squatting types (static, dynamic). Results: After removing large, vibration-induced artifacts from EMG data using digital band-stop filters, neuromuscular activation of all four muscles increased significantly (P &lt; 0.05) during RV and VV. Average responses of the extensors were significantly greater during RV than VV, whereas responses of the tibialis anterior were significantly greater during VV than RV. For all four muscles, responses during static squatting were greater than or equal to responses during dynamic squatting, whereas responses during eccentric contractions were equal to or smaller than responses during concentric and isometric contractions. Neuromuscular responses of vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior were affected by knee angle, with greatest responses at small knee angles. Conclusions: Motion artifacts should be removed from EMG data collected during WBV. We propose that neuromuscular responses during WBV may be modulated by leg muscle cocontraction as a postural control strategy and/or muscle tuning by the CNS intended to minimize soft-tissue vibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - *MUSCLE strength
KW  - *MUSCLE contraction
KW  - *KINESIOLOGY
KW  - *LEG
KW  - *MUSCLES
KW  - *EXERCISE
KW  - *NEUROMUSCULAR system
KW  - *SQUAT (Weight lifting)
KW  - *LEG -- Muscles
KW  - *ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
KW  - *KNEE
KW  - *POSTURE
KW  - VIBRATION
KW  - VASTUS lateralis
KW  - ANGLES (Geometry)
KW  - YOUNG adults
KW  - ADULTHOOD
KW  - MIDDLE age
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - STRENGTH
KW  - POWER
KW  - BICEPS FEMORIS
KW  - GASTROCNEMIUS
KW  - KNEE JOINT
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=S-1065363
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105829619
T1  - Variation neuromuscular responses during acute whole-body vibration exercise.
AU  - Abercromby AFJ
AU  - Amonette WE
AU  - Layne CS
AU  - McFarlin BK
AU  - Hinman MR
AU  - Paloski WH
Y1  - 2007/09//
N1  - Accession Number: 105829619. Language: English. Entry Date: 20080307. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. NLM UID: 8005433. 
KW  - Leg -- Innervation
KW  - Vibration
KW  - Adult
KW  - Electromyography
KW  - Female
KW  - Leg -- Physiology
KW  - Male
KW  - Muscle Contraction -- Physiology
KW  - Muscle Strength -- Physiology
KW  - Muscle, Skeletal -- Physiology
KW  - Posture -- Physiology
SP  - 1642
EP  - 1650
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JA  - MED SCI SPORTS EXERC
VL  - 39
IS  - 9
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - PURPOSE: Leg muscle strength and power are increased after whole-body vibration (WBV) exercise. These effects may result from increased neuromuscular activation during WBV; however, previous studies of neuromuscular responses during WBV have not accounted for motion artifact. METHODS: Sixteen healthy adults performed a series of static and dynamic unloaded squats with and without two different directions of WBV (rotational vibration, RV; and vertical vibration, VV; 30 Hz; 4 mmp-p). Activation of unilateral vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior was recorded using EMG. During RV and VV, increases in EMG relative to baseline were compared over a range of knee angles, contraction types (concentric, eccentric, isometric), and squatting types (static, dynamic). RESULTS: After removing large, vibration-induced artifacts from EMG data using digital band-stop filters, neuromuscular activation of all four muscles increased significantly (P<or=0.05) during RV and VV. Average responses of the extensors were significantly greater during RV than VV, whereas responses of the tibialis anterior were significantly greater during VV than RV. For all four muscles, responses during static squatting were greater than or equal to responses during dynamic squatting, whereas responses during eccentric contractions were equal to or smaller than responses during concentric and isometric contractions. Neuromuscular responses of vastus lateralis, gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior were affected by knee angle, with greatest responses at small knee angles. CONCLUSIONS: Motion artifacts should be removed from EMG data collected during WBV. We propose that neuromuscular responses during WBV may be modulated by leg muscle cocontraction as a postural control strategy and/or muscle tuning by the CNS intended to minimize soft-tissue vibration.
SN  - 0195-9131
AD  - Wyle Laboratories, Inc., Houston, TX; andrew.abercromby-1@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 17805098.
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, F. T.
T1  - Pre-earthquake signals -- Part I: Deviatoric stresses turn rocks into a source of electric currents.
JO  - Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences
JF  - Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 535
EP  - 541
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 15618633
AB  - Earthquakes are feared because they often strike so suddenly. Yet, there are innumerable reports of preearthquake signals. Widespread disagreement exists in the geoscience community how these signals can be generated in the Earth's crust and whether they are early warning signs, related to the build-up of tectonic stresses before major seismic events. Progress in understanding and eventually using these signals has been slow because the underlying physical process or processes are basically not understood. This has changed with the discovery that, when igneous or highgrade metamorphic rocks are subjected to deviatoric stress, dormant electronic charge carriers are activated: electrons and defect electrons. The activation increases the number density of mobile charge carriers in the rocks and, hence, their electric conductivity. The defect electrons are associated with the oxygen anion sublattice and are known as positive holes or pholes for short. The boundary between stressed and unstressed rock acts a potential barrier that lets pholes pass but blocks electrons. Therefore, like electrons and ions in an electrochemical battery, the stress-activated electrons and pholes in the "rock battery" have to flow out in different directions. When the circuit is closed, the battery currents can flow. The discovery of such stress-activated currents in crustal rocks has far-reaching implications for understanding pre-earthquake signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Earthquake prediction
KW  - Geophysical prediction
KW  - Earthquakes
KW  - Earth currents
KW  - Geology
KW  - Geophysics
N1  - Accession Number: 27166337; Freund, F. T. 1,2,3; Email Address: ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p535; Thesaurus Term: Earthquake prediction; Thesaurus Term: Geophysical prediction; Thesaurus Term: Earthquakes; Thesaurus Term: Earth currents; Thesaurus Term: Geology; Thesaurus Term: Geophysics; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, F. T.
T1  - Pre-earthquake signals -- Part II: Flow of battery currents in the crust.
JO  - Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences
JF  - Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 543
EP  - 548
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 15618633
AB  - When rocks are subjected to stress, dormant electronic charge carriers are activated. They turn the stressed rock volume into a battery, from where currents can flow out. The charge carriers are electrons and defect electrons, also known as positive holes or pholes for short. The boundary between stressed and unstressed rock acts as a potential barrier that lets pholes pass but blocks electrons. One can distinguish two situations in the Earth's crust: (i) only pholes spread out of a stressed rock volume into the surrounding unstressed rocks. This is expected to lead to a positive surface charge over a wide area around the future epicenter, to perturbations in the ionosphere, to stimulated infrared emission from the ground, to ionization of the near-ground air, to cloud formation and to other phenomena that have been reported to precede major earthquakes. (ii) both pholes and electrons flow out of the stressed rock volume along different paths, sideward into the relatively cool upper layers of the crust and downward into the hot lower crust. This situation, which is likely to be realized late in the earthquake preparation process, is necessary for the battery circuit to close and for transient electric currents to flow. If burst-like, these currents should lead to the emission of low frequency electromagnetic radiation. Understanding how electronic charge carriers are stress-activated in rocks, how they spread or flow probably holds the key to deciphering a wide range of pre-earthquake signals. It opens the door to a global earthquake early warning system, provided resources are pooled through a concerted and constructive community effort, including seismologists, with international participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Earthquake prediction
KW  - Geophysical prediction
KW  - Earth currents
KW  - Earthquakes
KW  - Electric currents
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Crust
N1  - Accession Number: 27166338; Freund, F. T. 1,2,3; Email Address: ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Ames Associate, NASA Ames Research Center, 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Principal Investigator, Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: Adjunct Professor, Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p543; Thesaurus Term: Earthquake prediction; Thesaurus Term: Geophysical prediction; Thesaurus Term: Earth currents; Thesaurus Term: Earthquakes; Subject Term: Electric currents; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Crust; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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TY  - NEWS
AU  - Antcliff, Richard R.
T1  - Three Tsunamis Cresting Above R&D Lab of the Future.
JO  - Research Technology Management
JF  - Research Technology Management
Y1  - 2007/09//Sep/Oct2007
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 2
EP  - 3
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 08956308
AB  - The article reflects on technologies and changes facing the next generation of children. It points out that technological change has been occurring at an exponential rate. It emphasizes that demographic changes have significant impacts on the world's economy, health care, education systems, food and water supply, and leadership. It questions how children will compete on global scale. It stresses that human-produced global climate change is a reality.
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - DEMOGRAPHIC change
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
N1  - Accession Number: 26482230; Antcliff, Richard R. 1; Email Address: Richard.R.Antcliff@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Director, Advanced Planning and Partnership Office NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep/Oct2007, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p2; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: DEMOGRAPHIC change; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
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DB  - ent
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TY  - NEWS
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan
T1  - Extrasolar planets: The one that got away.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/09/13/
VL  - 449
IS  - 7159
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 147
EP  - 148
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The author reflects on a research regarding a massive extrasolar planet orbiting an old star in a late stage of the star's evolution. He mentions that the researchers have reported that the clincher for the planetary hypothesis is two distinct pulsation modes, each with frequencies around 350 seconds that vary in phase on the same 3.2-year timescale. Meanwhile, he states that the discovery of the star-planet system represents an opportunity to understand both the star and the planet better.
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Planetary theory
KW  - Giant stars
KW  - Stars with planets
N1  - Accession Number: 26547618; Fortney, Jonathan 1; Email Address: jfortney@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 9/13/2007, Vol. 449 Issue 7159, p147; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Planetary theory; Subject Term: Giant stars; Subject Term: Stars with planets; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1038/449147a
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Feihua
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Zhu, A-Xing
AU  - Huete, Alfredo
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Developing a continental-scale measure of gross primary production by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data through Support Vector Machine approach
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2007/09/14/
VL  - 110
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 109
EP  - 122
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Remote sensing is a potentially powerful technology with which to extrapolate eddy covariance-based gross primary production (GPP) to continental scales. In support of this concept, we used meteorological and flux data from the AmeriFlux network and Support Vector Machine (SVM), an inductive machine learning technique, to develop and apply a predictive GPP model for the conterminous U.S. In the following four-step process, we first trained the SVM to predict flux-based GPP from 33 AmeriFlux sites between 2000 and 2003 using three remotely-sensed variables (land surface temperature, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and land cover) and one ground-measured variable (incident shortwave radiation). Second, we evaluated model performance by predicting GPP for 24 available AmeriFlux sites in 2004. In this independent evaluation, the SVM predicted GPP with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.87 gC/m2/day and an R 2 of 0.71. Based on annual total GPP at 15 AmeriFlux sites for which the number of 8-day averages in 2004 was no less than 67% (30 out of a possible 45), annual SVM GPP prediction error was 32.1% for non-forest ecosystems and 22.2% for forest ecosystems, while the standard Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer GPP product (MOD17) had an error of 50.3% for non-forest ecosystems and 21.5% for forest ecosystems, suggesting that the regionally tuned SVM performed better than the standard global MOD17 GPP for non-forest ecosystems but had similar performance for forest ecosystems. The most important explanatory factor for GPP prediction was EVI, removal of which increased GPP RMSE by 0.85 gC/m2/day in a cross-validation experiment. Third, using the SVM driven by remote sensing data including incident shortwave radiation, we predicted 2004 conterminous U.S. GPP and found that results were consistent with expected spatial and temporal patterns. Finally, as an illustration of SVM GPP for ecological applications, we estimated maximum light use efficiency (e max), one of the most important factors for standard light use efficiency models, for the conterminous U.S. by integrating the 2004 SVM GPP with the MOD17 GPP algorithm. We found that e max varied from ∼0.86 gC/MJ in grasslands to ∼1.56 gC/MJ in deciduous forests, while MOD17 e max was 0.68 gC/MJ for grasslands and 1.16 gC/MJ for deciduous forests, suggesting that refinements of MOD17 e max may be beneficial. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Detectors -- Evaluation
KW  - Machine learning
KW  - United States
KW  - AmeriFlux
KW  - Gross primary production
KW  - Light use efficiency
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - Support Vector Machines
N1  - Accession Number: 25827542; Yang, Feihua 1,2; Email Address: feihuayang@wisc.edu; Ichii, Kazuhito 2,3; White, Michael A. 4; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2,5; Michaelis, Andrew R. 2,5; Votava, Petr 2,5; Zhu, A-Xing 1,6; Huete, Alfredo 7; Running, Steven W. 8; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliations: 1: University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; 3: San Jose State University, USA; 4: Utah State University, USA; 5: California State University, Monterey Bay, USA; 6: State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; 7: University of Arizona, Tucson, USA; 8: University of Montana, Missoula, USA; Issue Info: Sep2007, Vol. 110 Issue 1, p109; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Subject Term: Detectors -- Evaluation; Subject Term: Machine learning; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AmeriFlux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light use efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Support Vector Machines; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.016
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barth, M. C.
AU  - Kim, S.-W.
AU  - Wang, C.
AU  - Pickering, K. E.
AU  - Ott, L. E.
AU  - Stenchikov, G.
AU  - Leriche, M.
AU  - Cautenet, S.
AU  - Pinty, J.-P.
AU  - Barthe, Ch.
AU  - Mari, C.
AU  - Helsdon, J. H.
AU  - Farley, R. D.
AU  - Fridlind, A. M.
AU  - Ackerman, A. S.
AU  - Spiridonov, V.
AU  - Telenta, B.
T1  - Cloud-scale model intercomparison of chemical constituent transport in deep convection.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/09/15/
VL  - 7
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 4709
EP  - 4731
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Transport and scavenging of chemical constituents in deep convection is important to understanding the composition of the troposphere and therefore chemistryclimate and air quality issues. High resolution cloud chemistry models have been shown to represent convective processing of trace gases quite well. To improve the representation of sub-grid convective transport and wet deposition in large-scale models, general characteristics, such as species mass flux, from the high resolution cloud chemistry models can be used. However, it is important to understand how these models behave when simulating the same storm. The intercomparison described here examines transport of six species. CO and O3, which are primarily transported, show good agreement among models and compare well with observations. Models that included lightning production of NOx reasonably predict NOx mixing ratios in the anvil compared with observations, but the NOx variability is much larger than that seen for CO and O3. Predicted anvil mixing ratios of the soluble species, HNO3, H2O2, and CH2O, exhibit significant differences among models, attributed to different schemes in these models of cloud processing including the role of the ice phase, the impact of cloud-modified photolysis rates on the chemistry, and the representation of the species chemical reactivity. The lack of measurements of these species in the convective outflow region does not allow us to evaluate the model results with observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Gases
KW  - Photochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 27552645; Barth, M. C. 1; Email Address: barthm@ucar.edu; Kim, S.-W. 1,2; Wang, C. 3; Pickering, K. E. 4,5; Ott, L. E. 4,5; Stenchikov, G. 6; Leriche, M. 7,8; Cautenet, S. 7; Pinty, J.-P. 8; Barthe, Ch. 8; Mari, C. 8; Helsdon, J. H. 9; Farley, R. D. 9; Fridlind, A. M. 10,11; Ackerman, A. S. 10,11; Spiridonov, V. 12; Telenta, B. 13; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: ESRL/CSD and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; 4: University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 5: NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 6: Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; 7: CNRS/University Blaise-Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 8: CNRS/Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France; 9: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA; 10: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 11: NASA-GISS, New York City, NY, USA; 12: Hydrometeorological Institute, Skopje, Macedonia; 13: SENES Consultant Ltd., Toronto, Canada; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 18, p4709; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Gases; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hains, J.C.
AU  - Chen, L.-W.A.
AU  - Taubman, B.F.
AU  - Doddridge, B.G.
AU  - Dickerson, R.R.
T1  - A side-by-side comparison of filter-based PM2.5 measurements at a suburban site: A closure study
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/09/21/
VL  - 41
IS  - 29
M3  - Article
SP  - 6167
EP  - 6184
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Assessing the effects of air quality on public health and the environment requires reliable measurement of PM2.5 mass and its chemical components. This study seeks to evaluate PM2.5 measurements that are part of a newly established national network by comparing them with more versatile sampling systems. Experiments were carried out during 2002 at a suburban site in Maryland, United States, where two samplers from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Speciation Trends Network: Met One Speciation Air Sampling System—STNS and Thermo Scientific Reference Ambient Air Sampler—STNR, two Desert Research Institute Sequential Filter Samplers—DRIF, and a continuous TEOM monitor (Thermo Scientific Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance, 1400a) sampled air in parallel. These monitors differ not only in sampling configuration but also in protocol-specific laboratory analysis procedures. Measurements of PM2.5 mass and major contributing species (i.e., sulfate, ammonium, organic carbon, and total carbon) were well correlated among the different methods with r-values >0.8. Despite the good correlations, daily concentrations of PM2.5 mass and major contributing species were significantly different at the 95% confidence level from 5% to 100% of the time. Larger values of PM2.5 mass and individual species were generally reported from STNR and STNS. These differences can only be partially accounted for by known random errors. Variations in flow design, face velocity, and sampling artifacts possibly influenced the measurement of PM2.5 speciation and mass closure. Statistical tests indicate that the current uncertainty estimates used in the STN and DRI network may underestimate the actual uncertainty. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality -- Research
KW  - Environmental protection -- Research
KW  - Public health research
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Aerosol sampling
KW  - Chemical speciation
KW  - Comparison study
KW  - Filter sampling
KW  - PM2.5
KW  - United States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 26341857; Hains, J.C. 1; Email Address: jhains@atmos.umd.edu; Chen, L.-W.A. 2; Taubman, B.F. 3; Doddridge, B.G. 4,5; Dickerson, R.R. 1,5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA; 3: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Issue Info: Sep2007, Vol. 41 Issue 29, p6167; Thesaurus Term: Air quality -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Environmental protection -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Public health research; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical speciation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comparison study; Author-Supplied Keyword: Filter sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM2.5 ; Company/Entity: United States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.008
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - McEwen, A. S.
AU  - Hansen, C. J.
AU  - Delamere, W. A.
AU  - Eliason, E. M.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Keszthelyi, L.
AU  - C. Gulick, V.
AU  - Kirk, R. L.
AU  - Mellon, M. T.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Thomas, N.
AU  - Weitz, C. M.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Bridges, N. T.
AU  - Murchie, S. L.
AU  - Seelos, F.
AU  - Seelos, K.
AU  - Okubo, C. H.
AU  - Milazzo, M. P.
AU  - Tornabene, L. L.
T1  - A Closer Look at Water-Related Geologic Activity on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/09/21/
VL  - 317
IS  - 5845
M3  - Article
SP  - 1706
EP  - 1709
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per pixel. Boulders ranging up to ∼2 meters in diameter are ubiquitous in the middle to high latitudes, which include deposits previously interpreted as fine-grained ocean sediments or dusty snow. Bright gully deposits identify six locations with very recent activity, but these lie on steep (20° to 35°) slopes where dry mass wasting could occur. Thus, we cannot confirm the reality of ancient oceans or water in active gullies but do see evidence of fluvial modification of geologically recent mid-latitude gullies and equatorial impact craters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bodies of water
KW  - WATER
KW  - Landscapes
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Sediments (Geology)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Landforms
KW  - Boulders
KW  - Stratigraphic geology -- Pleistocene
N1  - Accession Number: 26850738; McEwen, A. S. 1; Email Address: mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu; Hansen, C. J. 2; Delamere, W. A. 3; Eliason, E. M. 1; Herkenhoff, K. E. 4; Keszthelyi, L. 4; C. Gulick, V. 5; Kirk, R. L. 4; Mellon, M. T. 6; Grant, J. A. 7; Thomas, N. 8; Weitz, C. M. 9; Squyres, S. W. 10; Bridges, N. T. 2; Murchie, S. L. 11; Seelos, F. 11; Seelos, K. 11; Okubo, C. H. 1; Milazzo, M. P. 1; Tornabene, L. L. 1; Affiliations: 1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 3: Delamere Support Systems, Boulder, CO 80304, USA; 4: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 7: Smithsonian Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20650, USA; 8: University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 9: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 10: Cornelt University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 11: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Issue Info: 9/21/2007, Vol. 317 Issue 5845, p1706; Thesaurus Term: Bodies of water; Thesaurus Term: WATER; Thesaurus Term: Landscapes; Thesaurus Term: Geomorphology; Thesaurus Term: Sediments (Geology); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Landforms; Subject Term: Boulders; Subject Term: Stratigraphic geology -- Pleistocene; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Characterization of Polar Stratospheric Clouds with spaceborne lidar: CALIPSO and the 2006 Antarctic season.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 7
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5207
EP  - 5228
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The role of polar stratospheric clouds in polar ozone loss has been well documented. The CALIPSO satellite mission offers a new opportunity to characterize PSCs on spatial and temporal scales previously impossible. A PSC detection algorithm based on a single wavelength threshold approach has been developed for CALIPSO. The method appears to accurately detect PSCs of all opacities, including tenuous clouds, with a very low rate of false positives and few missed clouds. We applied the algorithm to CALIOP data acquired during the 2006 Antarctic winter season from 13 June through 31 October. The spatial and temporal distribution of CALIPSO PSC observations is illustrated with weekly maps of PSC occurrence. The evolution of the 2006 PSC season is depicted by time series of daily PSC frequency as a function of altitude. Comparisons with "virtual" solar occultation data indicate that CALIPSO provides a different view of the PSC season than attained with previous solar occultation satellites. Measurement-based time series of PSC areal coverage and vertically-integrated PSC volume are computed from the CALIOP data. The observed area covered with PSCs is significantly smaller than would be inferred from the commonly used temperature-based proxy TNAT but is similar in magnitude to that inferred from TSTS. The potential of CALIOP measurements for investigating PSC composition is illustrated using combinations of lidar backscatter and volume depolarization for two CALIPSO PSC scenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 27552298; Pitts, M. C. 1; Email Address: michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov; Thomason, L. W. 1; Poole, L. R. 2; Winker, D. M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 19, p5207; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject: Antarctica; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mecikalski, John R.
AU  - Feltz, Wayne F.
AU  - Murray, John J.
AU  - Johnson, David B.
AU  - Bedka, Kristopher M.
AU  - Bedka, Sarah T.
AU  - Wimmers, Anthony J.
AU  - Pavolonis, Michael
AU  - Berendes, Todd A.
AU  - Haggerty, Julie
AU  - Minnis, Pat
AU  - Bernstein, Ben
AU  - Williams, Earle
T1  - Aviation Applications for Satellite-Based Observations of Cloud Properties, Convection Initiation, In-Flight Icing, Turbulence, and Volcanic Ash.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 88
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1589
EP  - 1607
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article focuses on the application of aviation weather products safety for observations of meteorological satellites based in the U.S. These satellites include the turbulence, convective storms, and volcanic ash that carried out within national aviation forecasting systems. It is stated that the fundamental objective of the Advanced Satellite Aviation-Weather Products (ASAP) program is to support the existing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) weather Product Development Teams. These satellites can play an important role in validating current weather products with researchers gaining experience in the use of advanced sensors.
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Storms
KW  - Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Turbulence
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. Federal Aviation Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 27232831; Mecikalski, John R. 1; Feltz, Wayne F. 2; Murray, John J. 3; Email Address: John.mecikalski@nsstc.uah.edu; Johnson, David B. 4; Bedka, Kristopher M. 2; Bedka, Sarah T. 2; Wimmers, Anthony J. 2; Pavolonis, Michael 5; Berendes, Todd A. 1; Haggerty, Julie 4; Minnis, Pat 3; Bernstein, Ben 4; Williams, Earle 6; Affiliations: 1: Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama; 2: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin—Madison. Madison. Wisconsin; 3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Research Applications Laboratory. NCAR. Boulder, Colorado; 5: Advanced Satellite Products Branch NOAA/NESDIS. Madison, Wisconsin; 6: Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge. Massachusetts; Issue Info: Oct2007, Vol. 88 Issue 10, p1589; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Storms; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Turbulence; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. Federal Aviation Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-88-10-1589
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stothers, Richard
T1  - UNIDENTIFIED FLYING OBJECTS IN CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY.
JO  - Classical Journal
JF  - Classical Journal
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 103
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 92
SN  - 00098353
AB  - The article examines the phenomenon of unidentified flying objects (UFO) during the ancient period. Ancient distant encounters are categorized as being either nighttime or daytime and are divided into two objective subgroups. The subgroups are flying armaments or fiery globes. Sightings of so-called flying armaments include spectacle ships gleaming at the sky in Rome in 218 BC, weapons flying in the sky at Compsa in 154 BC, and a burning round shield in 100 BC. Essential features of the ancient UFO phenomenon also are discussed.
KW  - Unidentified flying objects
KW  - Ancient history
KW  - Historical research
KW  - Hynek, J. Allen
N1  - Accession Number: 28395893; Stothers, Richard 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration;  Source Info: Dec 2007, Vol. 103 Issue 1, p79; Subject Term: Unidentified flying objects; Subject Term: Ancient history; Subject Term: Historical research; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Cartoon or Caricature; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - vth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michener, William K.
AU  - Breshears, David D.
AU  - Hunsaker, Carolyn T.
AU  - Wickland, Diane E.
T1  - Professional certification: increasing ecologists' effectiveness.
JO  - Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 5
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 399
EP  - 399
SN  - 15409295
AB  - The article presents information on the need for certification programs of ecological expertise and one such program established by the Ecological Society of America (ESA). The program was created in 1981 to recognize ecologists who reach standards in education and experience, and adhere to high ethical standards. The author says that ecologists must be viewed with the same level of professional legitimacy as those in engineering, law, and other disciplines. The ESA program has a validation of 5 years and more than 450 ecologists have been certified at the levels of Associate Ecologist, Ecologist, or Senior Ecologist level.
KW  - Ecologists
KW  - Engineering
KW  - Certification
KW  - Expertise
KW  - Educational standards
KW  - Professional standards
KW  - Law
KW  - Ecology -- Societies, etc.
KW  - Ecological Society of America
N1  - Accession Number: 26923570; Michener, William K. 1; Breshears, David D. 2; Hunsaker, Carolyn T. 3; Wickland, Diane E. 4; Affiliations: 1: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM.; 2: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.; 3: USDA Forest Service, Fresno, CA.; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.; Issue Info: Oct2007, Vol. 5 Issue 8, p399; Thesaurus Term: Ecologists; Thesaurus Term: Engineering; Subject Term: Certification; Subject Term: Expertise; Subject Term: Educational standards; Subject Term: Professional standards; Subject Term: Law; Subject Term: Ecology -- Societies, etc. ; Company/Entity: Ecological Society of America; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vancil, Bernard
AU  - Mueller, Robert
AU  - Hawken, Kenneth W.
AU  - Wintucky, Edwin G.
AU  - Kory, Carol L.
AU  - Lockwood, Larry
T1  - A Medium Power Electrostatically Focused Multiple-Beam Klystron.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2007/10//
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2582
EP  - 2588
SN  - 00189383
AB  - This paper presents data on a new device, a 7-beam, electrostatically focused klystron oscillator/amplifier with planned output of 2-kW continuous wave (CW) at 5.8 GHz for an RF-excited ion thruster. An abridged presentation of this paper was given at the International Vacuum Electronics Conference/International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVEC/IVESC) 2006 Conference in Monterey, CA. Advantages over conventional magnetic focusing are discussed. A tube was constructed that exhibited expected performance. It produced about 500 W with three beams at saturation and was operated as both an oscillator and an amplifier. DC beam transmission was 99% but degraded rapidly at saturation. We discuss ways to mitigate this problem. Cavity gaps were used as focus lenses by applying a dc voltage across them, and this improved overall beam focusing. A technique for splitting cavities without lowering Q is presented. An unconventional construction technology was Fl employed and is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - KLYSTRONS
KW  - MICROWAVE amplifiers
KW  - CATHODE ray tubes
KW  - CONTINUOUS wave radar
KW  - COLLOID thrusters
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - GIRDERS
KW  - ELECTRIC oscillators
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
N1  - Accession Number: 26953908; Source Information: Oct2007, Vol. 54 Issue 10, p2582; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: KLYSTRONS; Subject Term: MICROWAVE amplifiers; Subject Term: CATHODE ray tubes; Subject Term: CONTINUOUS wave radar; Subject Term: COLLOID thrusters; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: GIRDERS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC oscillators; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2007.904586
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Kowalski, Scott M.
AU  - Vining, G. Geoffrey
T1  - Unbalanced and Minimal Point Equivalent Estimation Second-Order Split-Plot Designs.
JO  - Journal of Quality Technology
JF  - Journal of Quality Technology
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 388
SN  - 00224065
AB  - Restricting the randomization of hard-to-change factors in industrial experiments is often required, resulting in a split-plot design structure. From an economic perspective, these designs minimize the experimental cost by reducing the number of resets of the hard-to-change factors. In this paper, unbalanced designs are considered for cases where the subplots are relatively expensive and the experimental apparatus accommodates an unequal number of runs per whole plot. We provide construction methods for unbalanced second-order split-plot designs that possess the equivalent estimation optimality property, providing best linear unbiased estimates of the parameters, independent of the variance components. Unbalanced versions of the central composite and Box-Behnken designs are developed. For cases where the subplot cost approaches the whole-plot cost, minimal point designs are proposed and illustrated with a split-plot Notz design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quality Technology is the property of American Society for Quality, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COST control
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - INDUSTRIAL costs
KW  - RANDOM data (Statistics)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - Box-Behnken Design
KW  - Central Composite Design
KW  - Equivalent Estimation Design
KW  - Notz Design
KW  - Restricted Randomization
KW  - Split-Plot Design
N1  - Accession Number: 27222271; Parker, Peter A. 1,2,3; Email Address: peter.a.parker@nasa.go; Kowalski, Scott M. 3,4; Email Address: skowalski@minitab.com; Vining, G. Geoffrey 5,6; Email Address: vining@vt.edu; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronauticsand Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681; 2: Statistician, Aeronautics Systems Engineering Branch, Langley Research Center; 3: Senior Member, ASQ; 4: Minitab Inc., State College, PA 16801; 5: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0439; 6: Fellow, ASQ; Issue Info: Oct2007, Vol. 39 Issue 4, p376; Thesaurus Term: COST control; Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: STATISTICS; Thesaurus Term: INDUSTRIAL costs; Subject Term: RANDOM data (Statistics); Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Box-Behnken Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central Composite Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent Estimation Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Notz Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restricted Randomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Split-Plot Design; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 12 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinkelman, Laura M.
AU  - Evans, K. Franklin
AU  - Clothiaux, Eugene E.
AU  - Ackerman, Thomas P.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
T1  - The Effect of Cumulus Cloud Field Anisotropy on Domain-Averaged Solar Fluxes and Atmospheric Heating Rates.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 64
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3499
EP  - 3520
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Cumulus clouds can become tilted or elongated in the presence of wind shear. Nevertheless, most studies of the interaction of cumulus clouds and radiation have assumed these clouds to be isotropic. This paper describes an investigation of the effect of fair-weather cumulus cloud field anisotropy on domain-averaged solar fluxes and atmospheric heating rate profiles. A stochastic field generation algorithm was used to produce 20 three-dimensional liquid water content fields based on the statistical properties of cloud scenes from a large eddy simulation. Progressively greater degrees of x–z plane tilting and horizontal stretching were imposed on each of these scenes, so that an ensemble of scenes was produced for each level of distortion. The resulting scenes were used as input to a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. Domain-averaged transmission, reflection, and absorption of broadband solar radiation were computed for each scene along with the average heating rate profile. Both tilt and horizontal stretching were found to significantly affect calculated fluxes, with the amount and sign of flux differences depending strongly on sun position relative to cloud distortion geometry. The mechanisms by which anisotropy interacts with solar fluxes were investigated by comparisons to independent pixel approximation and tilted independent pixel approximation computations for the same scenes. Cumulus anisotropy was found to most strongly impact solar radiative transfer by changing the effective cloud fraction (i.e., the cloud fraction with respect to the solar beam direction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Metallurgy
KW  - Atmospherics
KW  - Heating
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Crystallography
KW  - Flux (Metallurgy)
N1  - Accession Number: 27062369; Hinkelman, Laura M. 1; Email Address: l.m.hinkelman@larc.nasa.gov; Evans, K. Franklin 2; Clothiaux, Eugene E. 3; Ackerman, Thomas P. 4; Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 5; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; 3: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; 4: Fundamental Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Oct2007, Vol. 64 Issue 10, p3499; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Anisotropy; Thesaurus Term: Metallurgy; Thesaurus Term: Atmospherics; Thesaurus Term: Heating; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Subject Term: Crystallography; Subject Term: Flux (Metallurgy); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 12 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS4032.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Vibration Exposure and Biodynamic Responses during Whole-Body Vibration Training.
AU  - Abercromby, Andrew F.J.
AU  - Amonette, William E.
AU  - Layne, Charles S.
AU  - McFarlin, Bian K.
AU  - Hinman, Martha R.
AU  - Paloski, William H.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
SP  - 1794
EP  - 1800
CY  - ; 
SN  - 01959131
N1  - Accession Number: SPHS-1066067; Author: Abercromby, Andrew F.J.: 1 email: andrew.abercromgy-1@nasa.gov. Author: Amonette, William E.: 2 Author: Layne, Charles S.: 3 Author: McFarlin, Bian K.: 4 Author: Hinman, Martha R.: 5 Author: Paloski, William H.: 6 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Wyle Laboratories, Inc., Houston, TX, USA: 2 Human Performance Laboratory, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA: 3 Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA: 4 Human Performance Laboratory, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, USA; Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA: 5 Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX, USA: 6 Human Adaptations and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Parent Item: SPHP1978; References: 24; General Notes: Applied sciences: biodynamics. This project was funded in part by the national Space Biomedical Research Institute (NCC 9-58) Summer Internship Program. To access electronic content of the article subscription to the journal is required.; Publication Type: Article; URL; Material Type: PRINT; Update Code: 20071201; SIRC Article No.: S-1066067
N2  - Purpose: Excessive, chronic whole-body vibration (WBV) has a number of negative side effects on the human body, including disorders of the skeletal, digestive, reproductive, visual, and vestibular systems. Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) is intentional exposure to WBV to increase leg muscle strength, bone mineral density, health-related quality of life, and decrease back pain. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate vibration exposure and biodynamic responses during typical WBVT regimens. Methods: Healthy men and women (N = 16) were recruited to perform slow, unloaded squats during WBVT (30 Hz; 4 mm p-p), during which knee flexion angle (KA), mechanical impedance, head acceleration (Harms), and estimated vibration dose value (eVDV) were measured. WBVT was repeated using two forms of vibration: 1) vertical forces to both feet simultaneously (VV), and 2) upward forces to only one foot at a time (RV). Results: Mechanical impedance varied inversely with KA during RV (effect size, [eta]p2: 0.668, P &lt; 0.01) and VV ([eta]p2: 0.533, P &lt; 0.05). Harms varied with KA ([eta]p2: 0.686, P &lt; 0.01) and is greater during VV than during RV at all KA (P &lt; 0.01). The effect of KA on Harms is different for RV and VV ([eta]p2: 0.567, P &lt; 0.05). The eVDV associated with typical RV and VV training regimens (30 Hz, 4 mm p-p, 10 min.d-1) exceeds the recommended daily vibration exposure as defined by ISO 2631-1 (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions: ISO standards indicate that 10 min.d-1 WBVT is potentially harmful to the human body; the risk of adverse health effects may be lower during RV than VV and at half-squats rather than full-squats or upright stance. More research is needed to explore the long-term health hazards of WBVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - *MUSCLE strength
KW  - *BIOMECHANICS
KW  - *BACKACHE
KW  - *TRAINING
KW  - *LEG
KW  - *MUSCLES
KW  - *BONE density
KW  - *QUALITY of life
KW  - *BACK
KW  - *PAIN
KW  - *SQUAT (Weight lifting)
KW  - VIBRATION
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - YOUNG adults
KW  - ADULTHOOD
KW  - MIDDLE age
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - STRENGTH
L2  - http://articles.sirc.ca/search.cfm?id=S-1066067
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105829639
T1  - Vibration exposure and biodynamic responses during whole-body vibration training.
AU  - Abercromby AFJ
AU  - Amonette WE
AU  - Layne CS
AU  - McFarlin BK
AU  - Hunman MR
AU  - Paloski WH
Y1  - 2007/10//
N1  - Accession Number: 105829639. Language: English. Entry Date: 20080307. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy; Sports Medicine. Instrumentation: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL). NLM UID: 8005433. 
KW  - Movement -- Physiology
KW  - Muscle, Skeletal -- Physiology
KW  - Vibration -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Adult
KW  - Biomechanics
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Muscle Contraction
KW  - Muscle Fatigue
KW  - Posture
KW  - Texas
SP  - 1794
EP  - 1800
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JA  - MED SCI SPORTS EXERC
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - PURPOSE: Excessive, chronic whole-body vibration (WBV) has a number of negative side effects on the human body, including disorders of the skeletal, digestive, reproductive, visual, and vestibular systems. Whole-body vibration training (WBVT) is intentional exposure to WBV to increase leg muscle strength, bone mineral density, health-related quality of life, and decrease back pain. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate vibration exposure and biodynamic responses during typical WBVT regimens. METHODS: Healthy men and women (N = 16) were recruited to perform slow, unloaded squats during WBVT (30 Hz; 4 mm(p-p)), during which knee flexion angle (KA), mechanical impedance, head acceleration (Ha(rms)), and estimated vibration dose value (eVDV) were measured. WBVT was repeated using two forms of vibration: 1) vertical forces to both feet simultaneously (VV), and 2) upward forces to only one foot at a time (RV). RESULTS: Mechanical impedance varied inversely with KA during RV (effect size, eta(p)(2): 0.668, P < 0.01) and VV (eta(p)(2): 0.533, P < 0.05). Ha(rms) varied with KA (eta(p)(2): 0.686, P < 0.01) and is greater during VV than during RV at all KA (P < 0.01). The effect of KA on Ha(rms) is different for RV and VV (eta(p)(2): 0.567, P < 0.05). The eVDV associated with typical RV and VV training regimens (30 Hz, 4 mm(p-p), 10 min.d(-1)) exceeds the recommended daily vibration exposure as defined by ISO 2631-1 (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: ISO standards indicate that 10 min.d(-1) WBVT is potentially harmful to the human body; the risk of adverse health effects may be lower during RV than VV and at half-squats rather than full-squats or upright stance. More research is needed to explore the long-term health hazards of WBVT.
SN  - 0195-9131
AD  - Wyle Laboratories, Inc, 1290 Hercules Drive, Houston, TX 77058; andrew.abercromby-1@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 17909407.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mather, John C.
T1  - Science and Sputnik.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/05/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5847
M3  - Article
SP  - 52
EP  - 53
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience working in the Astrophysics Science Division of the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
KW  - First person narrative
KW  - Astrophysicists
N1  - Accession Number: 27096704; Mather, John C. 1,2; Email Address: john.C.Mather@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Astrophysics Science Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20S46, USA; Issue Info: 10/5/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5847, p52; Subject Term: First person narrative; Subject Term: Astrophysicists; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaidos, Eric
AU  - Haghighipour, Nader
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Latham, David
AU  - Raymond, Sean
AU  - Rayner, John
T1  - New, Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other Stars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 213
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The search for habitable planets like Earth around other stars fulfills an ancient imperative to understand our origins and place in the cosmos. The past decade has seen the discovery of hundreds of planets, but nearly all are gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. Recent advances in instrumentation and new missions are extending searches to planets the size of Earth but closer to their host stars. There are several possible ways such planets could form, and future observations will soon test those theories. Many of these planets we discover may be quite unlike Earth in their surface temperature and composition, but their study will nonetheless inform us about the process of planet formation and the frequency of Earth-like planets around other stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
KW  - Habitable planets
KW  - Stars
KW  - Cosmos satellites
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Planets
N1  - Accession Number: 27182088; Gaidos, Eric 1,2; Email Address: gaidos@hawaii.edu; Haghighipour, Nader 2,3; Agol, Eric 4; Latham, David 5; Raymond, Sean 2,6; Rayner, John 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 2: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 4: Astronomy Department, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 9819S, USA; 5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 6: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA; Issue Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p210; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Subject Term: Habitable planets; Subject Term: Stars; Subject Term: Cosmos satellites; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Planets; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1144358
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27182088&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McComas, D. J.
AU  - Allegrini, F.
AU  - Bagenal, F.
AU  - Crary, F.
AU  - Ebert, R. W.
AU  - Elliott, H.
AU  - Stern, A.
AU  - Valek, P.
T1  - Diverse Plasma Populations and Structures in Jupiter's Magnetotail.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 220
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Jupiter's magnetotail is the largest cohesive structure in the solar system and marks the loss of vast numbers of heavy ions from the Jupiter system. The New Horizons spacecraft traversed the magnetotail to distances exceeding 2500 jovian radii (RJ) and revealed a remarkable diversity of plasma populations and structures throughout its length. Ions evolve from a hot plasma disk distribution at ∼100 RJ to slower, persistent flows down the tail that become increasingly variable in flux and mean energy. The plasma is highly structured-exhibiting sharp breaks, smooth variations, and apparent plasmoids-and contains ions from both lo and Jupiter's ionosphere with intense bursts of H+ and H3+. Quasi-periodic changes were seen in flux at ∼450 and ∼1500 RJ with a 10-hour period. Other variations in flow speed at ∼600 to 1000 RJ with a 3- to 4-day period may be attributable to plasmoids moving down the tail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Magnetotails
KW  - Magnetosphere
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Heavy ions
KW  - Space environment
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Plasma (Ionized gases)
N1  - Accession Number: 27182091; McComas, D. J. 1,2; Email Address: dmccomas@swri.edu; Allegrini, F. 1,2; Bagenal, F. 3; Crary, F. 1; Ebert, R. W. 1,2; Elliott, H. 1,2; Stern, A. 4; Valek, P. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA; 2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; 3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 4: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Issue Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p217; Thesaurus Term: Ionosphere; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Subject Term: Magnetotails; Subject Term: Magnetosphere; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Heavy ions; Subject Term: Space environment; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Plasma (Ionized gases); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147393
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27182091&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McNutt Jr., R. L.
AU  - Haggerty, D. K.
AU  - Hill, M. E.
AU  - Krimigis, S. M.
AU  - Livi, S.
AU  - Ho, G. C.
AU  - Gurnee, R. S.
AU  - Mauk, B. H.
AU  - Mitchell, D. G.
AU  - Roelof, E. C.
AU  - McComas, D. J.
AU  - Bagenal, F.
AU  - Elliott, H. A.
AU  - Brown, L. E.
AU  - Kusterer, M.
AU  - Vandegriff, J.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
T1  - Energetic Particles in the Jovian Magnetotail.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 222
SN  - 00368075
AB  - When the solar wind hits Jupiter's magnetic field, it creates a long magnetotail trailing behind the planet that channels material out of the Jupiter system. The New Horizons spacecraft traversed the Length of the jovian magnetotail to >2500 jovian radii (RJ); 1 RJ = 71,400 kilometers), observing a high-temperature, multispecies population of energetic particles. Velocity dispersions, anisotropies, and compositional variation seen in the deep-tail (≳ 500 RJ) with a ∼3-day periodicity are similar to variations seen closer to Jupiter in Galileo data. The signatures suggest plasma streaming away from the planet and injection sites in the near-tail region (∼200 to 400 RJ) that could be related to magnetic reconnection events. The tail structure remains coherent at least until it reaches the magnetosheath at 1655 RJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Magnetic fields
KW  - Jupiter (Planet) -- Magnetosphere
KW  - Space environment
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Magnetotails
KW  - Planets
KW  - High temperatures
KW  - Solar energetic particles
KW  - Plasma (Ionized gases)
N1  - Accession Number: 27182092; McNutt Jr., R. L. 1; Email Address: ralph.mcnutt@jhuapl.edu; Haggerty, D. K. 1; Hill, M. E. 1; Krimigis, S. M. 1,2; Livi, S. 3; Ho, G. C. 1; Gurnee, R. S. 1; Mauk, B. H. 1; Mitchell, D. G. 1; Roelof, E. C. 1; McComas, D. J. 3; Bagenal, F. 4; Elliott, H. A. 3; Brown, L. E. 1; Kusterer, M. 1; Vandegriff, J. 1; Stern, S. A. 5; Weaver, H. A. 1; Spencer, J. R. 6; Moore, J. M. 7; Affiliations: 1: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 2: Academy of Athens, 28 Panapistimiou, 10679 Athens, Greece; 3: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA; 4: Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA; 5: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA; 6: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p220; Thesaurus Term: Magnetic fields; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet) -- Magnetosphere; Subject Term: Space environment; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Magnetotails; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: High temperatures; Subject Term: Solar energetic particles; Subject Term: Plasma (Ionized gases); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1148025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27182092&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reuter, D. C.
AU  - Simon-Miller, A. A.
AU  - Lunsford, A.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Cheng, A. F.
AU  - Jennings, D. E.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Young, L. A.
T1  - Jupiter Cloud Composition, Stratification, Convection, and Wave Motion: A View from New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 223
EP  - 225
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Several observations of Jupiter's atmosphere made by instruments on the New Horizons spacecraft have implications for the stability and dynamics of Jupiter's weather layer. Mesoscale waves, first seen by Voyager, have been observed at a spatial resolution of 11 to 45 kilometers. These waves have a 300-kilometer wavelength and phase velocities greater than the local zonal flow by 100 meters per second, much higher than predicted by models. Additionally, infrared spectral measurements over five successive Jupiter rotations at spatial resolutions of 200 to 140 kilometers have shown the development of transient ammonia ice clouds (lifetimes of 40 hours or less) in regions of strong atmospheric upwelling. Both of these phenomena serve as probes of atmospheric dynamics below the visible cloud tops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Upper atmosphere
KW  - Weather
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Atmospheric waves
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Space environment
KW  - Planets
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 27182093; Reuter, D. C. 1; Email Address: dennis.c.reuter@nasa.gov; Simon-Miller, A. A. 1; Lunsford, A. 1; Baines, K. H. 2; Cheng, A. F. 3,4; Jennings, D. E. 1; Olkin, C. B. 5; Spencer, J. R. 5; Stern, S. A. 4; Weaver, H. A. 3; Young, L. A. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 3: Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 4: NASA Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; 5: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Issue Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p223; Thesaurus Term: Upper atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric waves; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Ammonia; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Subject Term: Space environment; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147618
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27182093&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Simon-Miller, Amy A.
AU  - Orton, Glenn S.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Lunsford, Allen
AU  - Momary, Thomas W.
AU  - Spencer, John
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Reuter, Dennis C.
AU  - Jennings, Donald E.
AU  - Gladstone, G. R.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Throop, Henry
AU  - Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma
AU  - Fisher, Brendan M.
AU  - Hora, Joseph
AU  - Ressler, Michael E.
T1  - Polar Lightning and Decadal-Scale Cloud Variability on Jupiter.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 226
EP  - 229
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Although lightning has been seen on other planets, including Jupiter, polar lightning has been known only on Earth. Optical observations from the New Horizons spacecraft have identified lightning at high latitudes above Jupiter up to 80°N and 74°S. Lightning rates and optical powers were similar at each pole, and the mean optical flux is comparable to that at nonpolar latitudes, which is consistent with the notion that internal heat is the main driver of convection. Both near-infrared and ground-based 5-micrometer thermal imagery reveal that cloud cover has thinned substantially since the 2000 Cassini flyby, particularly in the turbulent wake of the Great Red Spot and in the southern half of the equatorial region, demonstrating that vertical dynamical processes are time-varying on seasonal scales at mid- and low latitudes on Jupiter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Lightning
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Planets
KW  - Latitude
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Outer space
KW  - Space environment
KW  - Space heaters
KW  - Heat -- Convection
N1  - Accession Number: 27182094; Baines, Kevin H. 1; Simon-Miller, Amy A. 2; Orton, Glenn S. 1; Weaver, Harold A. 3; Lunsford, Allen 2; Momary, Thomas W. 1; Spencer, John 4; Cheng, Andrew F. 3; Reuter, Dennis C. 2; Jennings, Donald E. 4; Gladstone, G. R. 5; Moore, Jeffrey 6; Stern, S. Alan 7; Young, Leslie A. 4; Throop, Henry 4; Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma 1; Fisher, Brendan M. 1; Hora, Joseph 8; Ressler, Michael E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109, USA; 2: NASN/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 1110 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 4: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 5: Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238. USA; 6: NASN/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 7: NASA Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; 8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astro- physics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Issue Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p226; Thesaurus Term: Lightning; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Latitude; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Outer space; Subject Term: Space environment; Subject Term: Space heaters; Subject Term: Heat -- Convection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335210 Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147912
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=27182094&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Showalter, Mark R.
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Stern, s. Alan
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Throop, Henry B.
AU  - Birath, Emma M.
AU  - Rose, Debi
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Clump Detections and Limits on Moons in Jupiter's Ring System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 232
EP  - 234
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The dusty jovian ring system must be replenished continuously from embedded source bodies. The New Horizons spacecraft has performed a comprehensive search for kilometer-sized moons within the system, which might have revealed the Larger members of this population. No new moons were found, however, indicating a sharp cutoff in the population of jovian bodies smaller than 8-kilometer-radius Adrastea. However, the search revealed two families of clumps in the main ring: one close pair and one cluster of three to five. All orbit within a brighter ringlet just interior to Adrastea. Their properties are very different from those of the few other clumpy rings known; the origin and nonrandom distribution of these features remain unexplained, but resonant confinement by Metis may play a role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Jupiter (Planet) -- Magnetosphere
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Moon
KW  - Jupiter (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Clumps (Information retrieval)
KW  - Outer space
KW  - Johns Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory
N1  - Accession Number: 27182096; Showalter, Mark R. 1; Email Address: mshowalter@seti.org; Cheng, Andrew F. 2,3; Weaver, Harold A. 3,4; Stern, s. Alan 2; Spencer, John R. 5; Throop, Henry B. 5; Birath, Emma M. 5; Rose, Debi 4; Moore, Jeffrey M. 6; Affiliations: 1: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; 3: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 4: Synthsys-D, 1200 South Riverbend Court, Superior, CO 80027, USA; 5: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p232; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Subject Term: Planetary rings; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet) -- Magnetosphere; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Moon; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Clumps (Information retrieval); Subject Term: Outer space ; Company/Entity: Johns Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147647
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grundy, W. M.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Cheng, A. F.
AU  - Emery, J. P.
AU  - Lunsford, A.
AU  - McKinnon, W. B.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Newman, S. F.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Reuter, D. C.
AU  - Schenk, P. M.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Throop, H. B.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
T1  - New Horizons Mapping of Europa and Ganymede.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 234
EP  - 237
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The New Horizons spacecraft observed Jupiters icy satellites Europa and Ganymede during its flyby in February and March 2007 at visible and infrared wavelengths. Infrared spectral images map H2O ice absorption and hydrated contaminants, bolstering the case for an exogenous source of Europas ‘non-ice’ surface material and filling large gaps in compositional maps of Ganymedes Jupiter-facing hemisphere. Visual wavelength images of Europa extend knowledge of its global pattern of arcuate troughs and show that its surface scatters light more isotropically than other icy satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Jupiter (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Europa (Satellite)
KW  - Ganymede (Satellite)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Cartography
N1  - Accession Number: 27182097; Grundy, W. M. 1; Email Address: w.grundy@lowell.edu; Buratti, B. J. 2; Cheng, A. F. 3; Emery, J. P. 4; Lunsford, A. 5; McKinnon, W. B. 6; Moore, J. M. 7; Newman, S. F. 2; Olkin, C. B. 8; Reuter, D. C. 5; Schenk, P. M. 9; Spencer, J. R. 8; Stern, S. A. 10; Throop, H. B. 8; Weaver, H. A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Wars HILL Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 4: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 6: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Washington University, Campus Box 1169, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MD 63130, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 9403S, USA; 8: Deparlment of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boufder, CO 80302, USA; 9: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 10: NASA Science Mission Directorate, NASA Head- quarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Issue Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p234; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Europa (Satellite); Subject Term: Ganymede (Satellite); Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Infrared spectra; Subject Term: Cartography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147623
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Cheng, A. F.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Reuter, D. C.
AU  - Retherford, K.
AU  - Lunsford, A.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Abramov, O.
AU  - Lopes, R. M. C.
AU  - Perry, J. E.
AU  - Kamp, L.
AU  - Showalter, M.
AU  - Jessup, K. L.
AU  - Marchis, F.
AU  - Schenk, P. M.
AU  - Dumas, C.
T1  - lo Volcanism Seen by New Horizons: A Major Eruption of the Tvashtar Volcano.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 243
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Jupiter's moon Io is known to host active volcanoes. In February and March 2007, the New Horizons spacecraft obtained a global snapshot of Io's volcanism. A 350-kilometer-high volcanic plume was seen to emanate from the Tvashtar volcano (62°N, 122°W), and its motion was observed. The plume's morphology and dynamics support nonballistic models of large Io plumes and also suggest that most visible plume particles condensed within the plume rather than being ejected from the source. In images taken in Jupiter eclipse, nonthermal visible-wavelength emission was seen from individual volcanoes near Io's sub-Jupiter and anti-Jupiter points. Near-infrared emission from the brightest volcanoes indicates minimum magma temperatures in the 1150- to 1335-kelvin range, consistent with basaltic composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volcanic eruptions
KW  - Moon
KW  - Planetary volcanoes
KW  - Volcanism
KW  - Volcanic plumes
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Eclipses
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Outer space
KW  - Johns Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory
N1  - Accession Number: 27182099; Spencer, J. R. 1; Email Address: spencer@boulder.swri.edu; Stern, S. A. 2; Cheng, A. F. 2; Weaver, H. A. 3; Reuter, D. C. 4; Retherford, K. 5; Lunsford, A. 4; Moore, J. M. 6; Abramov, O. 1; Lopes, R. M. C. 7; Perry, J. E. 8; Kamp, L. 7; Showalter, M. 9; Jessup, K. L. 1; Marchis, F. 9; Schenk, P. M. 10; Dumas, C. 11; Affiliations: 1: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 2: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; 3: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: Southwest Research Institute, Post Office Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 8: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 9: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 10: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 11: European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile; Issue Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p240; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic eruptions; Subject Term: Moon; Subject Term: Planetary volcanoes; Subject Term: Volcanism; Subject Term: Volcanic plumes; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Subject Term: Eclipses; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Outer space ; Company/Entity: Johns Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147621
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coheur, P.-F.
AU  - Herbin, H.
AU  - Clerbaux, C.
AU  - Hurtmans, D.
AU  - Wespes, C.
AU  - Carleer, M.
AU  - Turquety, S.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Remedios, J.
AU  - Hauglustaine, D.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
T1  - ACE-FTS observation of a young biomass burning plume: first reported measurements of C2H4, C3H6O, H2CO and PAN by infrared occultation from space.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/10/15/
VL  - 7
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 5437
EP  - 5446
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - In the course of our study of the upper tropospheric composition with the infrared Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment -- Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), we found an occultation sequence that on 8 October 2005, sampled a remarkable plume near the east coast of Tanzania. Model simulations of the CO distribution in the Southern hemisphere are performed for this period and they suggest that the emissions for this event likely originated from a nearby forest fire, after which the plume was transported from the source region to the upper troposphere. Taking advantage of the very high signal-to-noise ratio of the ACE-FTS spectra over a wide wavenumber range (750-4400 cm-1), we present in-depth analyses of the chemical composition of this plume in the middle and upper troposphere, focusing on the measurements of weakly absorbing pollutants. For this specific biomass burning event, we report simultaneous observations of an unprecedented number of organic species. Measurements of C2H4 (ethene), C3H4 (propyne), H2CO (formaldehyde), C3H6O (acetone) and CH3COO2NO2 (peroxyacetylnitrate, abbreviated as PAN) are the first reported detections using infrared occultation spectroscopy from satellites. Based on the lifetime of the emitted species, we discuss the photochemical age of the plume and also report, whenever possible, the enhancement ratios relative to CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Fourier transform spectroscopy
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
KW  - Tanzania
N1  - Accession Number: 27552314; Coheur, P.-F. 1; Email Address: pfcoheur@ulb.ac.be; Herbin, H. 1; Clerbaux, C. 1,2; Hurtmans, D. 1; Wespes, C. 1; Carleer, M. 1; Turquety, S. 2; Rinsland, C. P. 3; Remedios, J. 4; Hauglustaine, D. 5; Boone, C. D. 6; Bernath, P. F. 6,7; Affiliations: 1: Spectroscopie de l'atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Univ. Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), Brussels, Belgium; 2: Service d'Aéronomie/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, France; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; 4: Earth Observation Science, Space Research Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK; 5: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE)/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CEA-CNRS, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France; 6: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; 7: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 20, p5437; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Fourier transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Subject: Tanzania; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Talbot, R.
AU  - Mao, H.
AU  - Scheuer, E.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Avery, M.
AU  - Browell, E.
AU  - Sachse, G.
AU  - Vay, S.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Fuelberg, H.
T1  - Factors influencing the large-scale distribution of Hg° in the Mexico City area and over the North Pacific.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 15533
EP  - 15563
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Gas-phase elemental mercury (Hg°) was measured aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign in spring 2006. Flights were conducted around Mexico City and on two subsequent deployments over the North Pacific based out of Honolulu, Hawaii and Anchorage, Alaska. Data obtained from 0.15-12 km altitude showed that Hg° exhibited a relatively constant vertical profile centered around 100 ppqv. Highly concentrated pollution plumes emanating from the Mexico City urban agglomeration revealed that mixing ratios of Hg° as large as 500 ppqv were related to combustion tracers such as CO, but not SO2 which is presumably released locally from coal burning, refineries, and volcanoes. Our analysis of Mexico City plumes indicated that widespread multi-source urban/industrial emissions may have a more important influence on Hg° than specific point sources. Over the Pacific, correlations with CO, CO2, CH4, and C2Cl4 were diffuse overall, but recognizable on flights out of Anchorage and Honolulu. In distinct 15 plumes originating from the Asian continent the Hg°-CO relationship yielded an average value of ∼.56 ppqv/ppbv, in good agreement with previous findings. A prominent feature of the INTEX-B dataset was frequent total depletion of Hg° in the upper troposphere when stratospherically influenced air was encountered. Ozone data obtained with the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) showed that the stratospheric impact on the tropospheric column was a common and pervasive feature on all flights out of Honolulu and Anchorage. We propose that this is likely a major factor driving large-scale seasonality in Hg° mixing ratios, especially at mid-latitudes, and an important process that should be incorporated into global chemical transport models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric mercury
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Emission exposure
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - North Pacific Region
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 31231200; Talbot, R. 1; Email Address: robert.talbot@unh.edu; Mao, H. 1; Scheuer, E. 1; Dibb, J. 1; Avery, M. 2; Browell, E. 2; Sachse, G. 2; Vay, S. 2; Blake, D. 3; Huey, G. 4; Fuelberg, H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: University of California – Irvine, Department of Chemistry, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 4: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 5: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 6, p15533; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric mercury; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Emission exposure; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: North Pacific Region; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 9 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yumimoto, K.
AU  - Uno, I.
AU  - Sugimoto, N.
AU  - Shimizu, A.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Numerical modeling of Asian dust emission and transport with adjoint inversion using LIDAR network observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 15955
EP  - 15987
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - A four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system for a regional dust model (RAMS/CFORS-4DVAR; RC4) is applied to a heavy dust event which occurred between 20 March and 4 April 2007 over eastern Asia. The vertical profiles of the dust extinction coefficients derived from NIES LIDAR observation network are directly assimilated. We conduct two experiments to evaluate impacts of selections of observation sites: Experiment A uses five Japanese observation sites located only downwind of dust source regions; the other Experiment B uses these sites together with two other sites near source regions (China and Korea). Validations using various observation data (e.g., PM10 concentration, MODIS AOT, OMI Aerosol Index, and the dust extinction coefficient derived by space-based LIDAR NASA/CALIPSO) are demonstrated. The modeled dust extinction coefficients are improved considerably through the assimilation. Assimilation results of Experiment A are consistent with those of Experiment B, indicating that observations of Experiment A can capture the dust event correctly and include sufficient information for dust emission inversion. Time series of dust AOT calculated by modeled and LIDAR dust extinction coefficients show good agreement. At Seoul, Matsue, and Toyama, assimilation reduces the root mean square errors of dust AOT by 31-32%. Vertical profiles of the dust layer observed by CALIPSO are also compared with assimilation results. The dense dust layer was trapped between θ=280-300 K and elevated higher toward the north; the model reproduces those characteristics well. The modeled dust AOT along the orbit paths agrees well with the CALIPSO dust AOT, OMI AI, and the coarse mode AOT retrieved from MODIS; especially the modeled dust AOT and the MODIS coarse mode AOT are consistent quantitatively. Assimilation results increase dust emissions over the Gobi Desert and Mongolia considerably; especially between 29 and 30 March, emission flux is increased by about 2-3 times. The heavy dust event is caused by the heavy dust uplift flux over the Gobi Desert and Mongolia during those days. We obtain the total optimized dust emissions of 57.9 Tg (Experiment A; 57.8% larger than before assimilation) and 56.3 Tg (Experiment B; 53.4% larger). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Dust
KW  - Air pollution monitoring
KW  - Emission exposure
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 31231213; Yumimoto, K. 1; Email Address: yumimoto@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; Uno, I. 2; Sugimoto, N. 3; Shimizu, A. 3; Liu, Z. 4; Winker, D. M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 2: Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 3: National Institute for Environmental Study, Tsukuba, Japan; 4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 6, p15955; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Emission exposure; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject: Asia; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guan, H.
AU  - Chatfield, R. B.
AU  - Freitas, S. R.
AU  - Bergstrom, R. W.
AU  - Longo, K. M.
T1  - Modeling the effect of plume-rise on the transport of carbon monoxide over Africa and its exports with NCAR CAM.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 18145
EP  - 18177
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We investigated the effects of fire-induced plume-rise on the predicted export of carbon monoxide (CO) over Africa during SAFARI 2000 using the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with a CO tracer and plume-rise parameterization scheme. The plume-rise parameterization scheme simulates the consequences of strong buoyancy of hot gases emitted from biomass burning, including both dry and cloud-associated (pyrocumulus) lofting. The scheme was first adapted from a regional model. The current implementation of the plume-rise parameterization scheme into the global model provides an opportunity to examine the effect of plume-rise on long-range transport. The CAM simulation with the plume-rise parameterization scheme shows a substantial improvement of the agreements between the modeled and aircraft-measured vertical distribution of CO over southern Africa biomass burning area. The plume-rise mechanism plays a crucial role in lofting biomass burning pollutants to the middle troposphere. In the presence of deep convection we found that the plume-rise mechanism results in a decrease of CO concentration in the upper troposphere. The plume rise depletes the boundary layer, and thus leaves lower concentrations of CO to be lofted by the deep convection process. The effect of the plume-rise on free troposphere CO concentration is more important for the source area (short-distance transport) than for remote areas (long-distance transport). The plume-rise scheme also increases the CO export fluxes from Africa to the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. These results further confirm and extend previous findings in a regional model study. Effective lofting of large concentration of CO by the plume-rise mechanism also has implication for local air quality forecast in areas affected by other fire-related pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Exports
KW  - Africa
N1  - Accession Number: 31231256; Guan, H. 1,2; Email Address: hong.guan-1@mail.nasa.gov; Chatfield, R. B. 2; Freitas, S. R. 3; Bergstrom, R. W. 1; Longo, K. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 6, p18145; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Pollutants; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Exports; Subject: Africa; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 10 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marcy, T.P.
AU  - Popp, P.J.
AU  - Gao, R.S.
AU  - Fahey, D.W.
AU  - Ray, E.A.
AU  - Richard, E.C.
AU  - Thompson, T.L.
AU  - Atlas, E.L.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Wofsy, S.C.
AU  - Park, S.
AU  - Weinstock, E.M.
AU  - Swartz, W.H.
AU  - Mahoney, M.J.
T1  - Measurements of trace gases in the tropical tropopause layer
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 7253
EP  - 7261
SN  - 13522310
AB  - A unique dataset of airborne in situ observations of HCl, O3, HNO3, H2O, CO, CO2 and CH3Cl has been made in and near the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). A total of 16 profiles across the tropopause were obtained at latitudes between 10°N and 3°S from the NASA WB-57F high-altitude aircraft flying from Costa Rica. Few in situ measurements of these gases, particularly HCl and HNO3, have been reported for the TTL. The general features of the trace gas vertical profiles are consistent with the concept of the TTL as distinct from the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere. A combination of the tracer profiles and correlations with O3 is used to show that a measurable amount of stratospheric air is mixed into this region. The HCl measurements offer an important constraint on stratospheric mixing into the TTL because once the contribution from halocarbon decomposition is quantified, the remaining HCl (>60% in this study) must have a stratospheric source. Stratospheric HCl in the TTL brings with it a proportional amount of stratospheric O3. Quantifying the sources of O3 in the TTL is important because O3 is particularly effective as a greenhouse gas in the tropopause region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Atmosphere -- Research
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Hydrochloric acid
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Tropical
N1  - Accession Number: 26844125; Marcy, T.P. 1,2; Email Address: tpmarcy@hotmail.com; Popp, P.J. 1,2; Gao, R.S. 1; Fahey, D.W. 1,2; Ray, E.A. 1,2; Richard, E.C. 3; Thompson, T.L. 1; Atlas, E.L. 4; Loewenstein, M. 5; Wofsy, S.C. 6; Park, S. 6; Weinstock, E.M. 7; Swartz, W.H. 8; Mahoney, M.J. 9; Affiliations: 1: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 4: Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: National Institute for Global and Environmental Change, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 7: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 8: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 41 Issue 34, p7253; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Hydrochloric acid; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turon, A.
AU  - Costa, J.
AU  - Camanho, P.P.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
T1  - Simulation of delamination in composites under high-cycle fatigue
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 38
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2270
EP  - 2282
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: A damage model for the simulation of delamination propagation under high-cycle fatigue loading is proposed. The basis for the formulation is a cohesive law that links fracture and damage mechanics to establish the evolution of the damage variable in terms of the crack growth rate dA/dN. The damage state is obtained as a function of the loading conditions as well as the experimentally-determined coefficients of the Paris law crack propagation rates for the material. It is shown that by using the constitutive fatigue damage model in a structural analysis, experimental results can be reproduced without the need of additional model-specific curve-fitting parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - B. Delamination
KW  - B. Fatigue
KW  - Cohesive elements
N1  - Accession Number: 27356465; Turon, A. 1; Costa, J. 1; Camanho, P.P. 2; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt; Dávila, C.G. 3; Affiliations: 1: AMADE, Polytechnic School, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain; 2: DEMEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 38 Issue 11, p2270; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive elements; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2006.11.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Sulima, Oleg V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - 2.4-μm-Cutoff AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb Phototransistors for Shortwave-IR Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2007/11//
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 54
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2837
EP  - 2842
SN  - 00189383
AB  - Shortwave-infrared (IR) detectors are critical for several applications, including remote sensing and optical communications. Several detectors are commercially available for this wavelength range, but they lack sufficient gain that limits their detectivity. The characterization results of AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistors for shortwave-IR application are reported. The phototransistors are grown using molecular beam epitaxy technique. Spectral-response measurements showed a uniform responsivity between 1.2- and 2.4-μm region with a mean value of 1000 MW. A maximum detectivity of 3.4 × 1011 cm∙Hz½/W was obtained at 2 μm at -20 °C and 1.3 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC waves
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - INFRARED technology
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - HETEROJUNCTIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 27345949; Source Information: Nov2007, Vol. 54 Issue 11, p2837; Subject Term: ELECTRIC waves; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: INFRARED technology; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: HETEROJUNCTIONS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2007.907145
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tianshu Liu
AU  - Montefort, J.
AU  - Liou, W.
AU  - Pantula, S. R.
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
T1  - Lift Enhancement by Static Extended Trailing Edge.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2007/11//Nov/Dec2007
Y1  - 2007/11//Nov/Dec2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1939
EP  - 1939
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A static extended trailing edge attached to a NACA0012 airfoil section is studied for achieving lift enhancement at a small drag penalty. It is indicated that the thin extended trailing edge can enhance the lift, whereas the zero-lift drag is not significantly increased. Experiments and calculations are conducted to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of the extended trailing edge with those of the Gurney flap and the conventional flap. The extended trailing edge, as a simple mechanical device added on a wing without altering the basic configuration, has a good potential to improve the cruise flight efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - MODEL airplanes -- Wings
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 28340292; Source Information: Nov/Dec2007, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p1939; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes -- Wings; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.31995
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Bo-Cai Gao
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
T1  - High Cloud Properties from Three Years of MODIS Terra and Aqua Collection-4 Data over the Tropics.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 46
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1840
EP  - 1856
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This study surveys the optical and microphysical properties of high (ice) clouds over the Tropics (30°S–30°N) over a 3-yr period from September 2002 through August 2005. The analyses are based on the gridded level-3 cloud products derived from the measurements acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard both the NASA Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua platforms. The present analysis is based on the MODIS collection-4 data products. The cloud products provide daily, weekly, and monthly mean cloud fraction, cloud optical thickness, cloud effective radius, cloud-top temperature, cloud-top pressure, and cloud effective emissivity, which is defined as the product of cloud emittance and cloud fraction. This study is focused on high-level ice clouds. The MODIS-derived high clouds are classified as cirriform and deep convective clouds using the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) classification scheme. Cirriform clouds make up more than 80% of the total high clouds, whereas deep convective clouds account for less than 20% of the total high clouds. High clouds are prevalent over the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ), tropical Africa, the Indian Ocean, tropical America, and South America. Moreover, land–ocean, morning–afternoon, and summer–winter variations of high cloud properties are also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Spectrometers
N1  - Accession Number: 27883738; Gang Hong 1; Ping Yang 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu; Bo-Cai Gao 2; Baum, Bryan A. 3; Hu, Yong X. 4; King, Michael D. 5; Platnick, Steven 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 2: Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.; 3: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 46 Issue 11, p1840; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Spectrometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAMC1583.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iraci, Laura
AU  - Riffel, Brent
AU  - Robinson, Carly
AU  - Michelsen, Rebecca
AU  - Stephenson, Rachel
T1  - The acid catalyzed nitration of methanol: formation of methyl nitrate via aerosol chemistry.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 253
EP  - 266
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - The aqueous phase acid-catalyzed reaction of methanol (CH3OH) with nitric acid (HNO3) to yield methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2) under atmospheric conditions has been investigated using gas-phase infrared spectroscopy. Reactions were conducted in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions (50.5–63.6 wt.%) with [CH3OH] = 0.00005–0.005 M and [HNO3] = 0.02–0.21 M, at 278.2–328.6 K. Methyl nitrate production rates increased linearly with CH3OH and HNO3 concentrations and exponentially with sulfuric acid weight percent within the regime studied. Rates increased linearly with nitronium ion $$\left( {{\text{NO}}_2^ + } \right)$$ concentration, indicating that the reaction involves $${\text{NO}}_2^ + $$ as the nitrating agent under these conditions. At 298 K, the rate of methyl nitrate production can be calculated from k  obs [CH3OH][HNO3], where k  obs  = 2.337 × 10−13(exp(0.3198*wt.% H2SO4)) when the solubility of CH3ONO2 in acidic solution is approximated by H* for pure water. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient is related to solution composition, with activation energies of 59 and 49 kJ/mol at 51.1 and 63.6 wt.% H2SO4, respectively, when k is calculated from rate $$\left[ {{\text{NO}}_2^ + } \right]^{ - 1} \left[ {{\text{CH}}_3 {\text{OH}}} \right]^{ - 1} $$ . The temperature dependence has also been parameterized for application to the atmosphere, but the small quantities of $${\text{NO}}_2^ + $$ present in aerosol particles will result in methyl nitrate production rates too small to be of significance under most atmospheric conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methyl groups
KW  - Nitrates
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Sulfuric acid
KW  - Methanol -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Nitration -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Effect of temperature on chemical kinetics
KW  - Acid-catalyzed
KW  - Aerosol chemistry
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Nitration
N1  - Accession Number: 28000813; Iraci, Laura 1; Email Address: Laura.T.Iraci@NASA.gov; Riffel, Brent; Robinson, Carly; Michelsen, Rebecca; Stephenson, Rachel; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Science Branch , NASA Ames Research Center , Mail Stop 245-5 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p253; Thesaurus Term: Methyl groups; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Thesaurus Term: Sulfuric acid; Subject Term: Methanol -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Nitration -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Nitric acid; Subject Term: Effect of temperature on chemical kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acid-catalyzed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alcohol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-007-9091-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, Paul M.
AU  - Nemeth, Michael P.
T1  - Bounds on Flexural Properties and Buckling Response for Symmetrically Laminated Composite Plates.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Engineering Mechanics
J1  - Journal of Engineering Mechanics
PY  - 2007/11//
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 133
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1178
EP  - 1191
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 07339399
AB  - Nondimensional parameters and equations governing the buckling behavior of rectangular symmetrically laminated plates are presented that can be used to represent the buckling resistance, for plates made of all known structural materials, in a very general, insightful, and encompassing manner. In addition, these parameters can be used to assess the degree of plate orthotropy, to assess the importance of anisotropy that couples bending and twisting deformations, and to characterize quasi-isotropic laminates quantitatively. Bounds for these nondimensional parameters are also presented that are based on thermodynamics and practical laminate construction considerations. These bounds provide insight into potential gains in buckling resistance through laminate tailoring and composite-material development. As an illustration of this point, upper bounds on the buckling resistance of long rectangular orthotropic plates with simply supported or clamped edges and subjected to uniform axial compression, uniform shear, or pure in-plane bending loads are presented. The results indicate that the maximum gain in buckling resistance for tailored orthotropic laminates, with respect to the corresponding isotropic plate, is in the range of 26–36% for plates with simply supported edges, irrespective of the loading conditions. For the plates with clamped edges, the corresponding gains in buckling resistance are in the range of 9–12% for plates subjected to compression or pure in-plane bending loads and potentially up to 30% for plates subjected to shear loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Mechanics is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering -- Research
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - FLEXURE
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 27061292; Source Information: Nov2007, Vol. 133 Issue 11, p1178; Subject Term: MECHANICAL engineering -- Research; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: FLEXURE; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:11(1178)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mane, Poorna
AU  - Mossi, Karla
AU  - Rostami, Ali
AU  - Bryant, Robert
AU  - Castro, Nicolas
T1  - Piezoelectric Actuators as Synthetic Jets: Cavity Dimension Effects.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 18
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1175
EP  - 1190
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - Effects of dimensional cavity parameters, height, and orifice diameter, on synthetic jet peak velocities are investigated numerically and experimentally, utilizing two piezoelectric composite diaphragms, Bimorph and Thunder®. The system is modeled using a RNG κ-ϵ model with a mesh generated using a tri-pave unstructured scheme and the diaphragms are modeled as moving boundaries. The model compares within 15% for a Bimorph but underpredicts the results for Thunder® by more than 30%. For a Bimorph, both cavity parameters are relevant with the orifice diameter having a higher effect. For Thunder® however, only orifice diameter is found to be statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIMORPHS
KW  - THUNDER
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
KW  - DIAPHRAGMS (Structural engineering)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics
KW  - Bimorph
KW  - pre-stressed piezoelectric actuators
KW  - synthetic jet
KW  - Thunder®
N1  - Accession Number: 27725186; Mane, Poorna 1; Mossi, Karla 1; Email Address: kmmossi@vcu.edu; Rostami, Ali 1; Bryant, Robert 2; Castro, Nicolas 1; Affiliations: 1: Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, P.O. Box 843015 Richmond, Virginia 23284-3015, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, 6 West Taylor St., B1293A Mail Stop 226, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 18 Issue 11, p1175; Subject Term: BIMORPHS; Subject Term: THUNDER; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: DIAPHRAGMS (Structural engineering); Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bimorph; Author-Supplied Keyword: pre-stressed piezoelectric actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: synthetic jet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thunder®; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X06075658
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Errico, Ronald M.
AU  - Bauer, Peter
AU  - Mahfouf, Jean-François
T1  - Issues Regarding the Assimilation of Cloud and Precipitation Data.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 64
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3785
EP  - 3798
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The assimilation of observations indicative of quantitative cloud and precipitation characteristics is desirable for improving weather forecasts. For many fundamental reasons, it is a more difficult problem than the assimilation of conventional or clear-sky satellite radiance data. These reasons include concerns regarding nonlinearity of the required observation operators (forward models), nonnormality and large variances of representativeness, retrieval, or observation–operator errors, validation using new measures, dynamic and thermodynamic balances, and possibly limited predictability. Some operational weather prediction systems already assimilate precipitation observations, but much more research and development remains. The apparently critical, fundamental, and peculiar nature of many issues regarding cloud and precipitation assimilation implies that their more careful examination will be required for accelerating progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Precipitation anomalies
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Geophysical prediction
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Numerical weather forecasting
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 27643085; Errico, Ronald M. 1; Email Address: rerrico@gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov; Bauer, Peter 2; Mahfouf, Jean-François 3; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom; 3: Environment Canada, Dorval, Quebec, Canada; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 64 Issue 11, p3785; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Precipitation anomalies; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Geophysical prediction; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Subject Term: Numerical weather forecasting; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2006JAS2044.1
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Soderblom, Laurence A.
AU  - Kirk, Randolph L.
AU  - Lunine, Jonathan I.
AU  - Anderson, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Barrett, Janet M.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Elachi, Charles
AU  - Janssen, Michael A.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Karkoschka, Erich
AU  - Mouélic, Stéphane Le
AU  - Lopes, Rosaly M.
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph D.
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - Nicholson, Philip D.
T1  - Correlations between Cassini VIMS spectra and RADAR SAR images: Implications for Titan's surface composition and the character of the Huygens Probe Landing Site
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2025
EP  - 2036
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Titan''s vast equatorial fields of RADAR-dark longitudinal dunes seen in Cassini RADAR synthetic aperture images correlate with one of two dark surface units discriminated as “brown” and “blue” in Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) color composites of short-wavelength infrared spectral cubes (RGB as 2.0, 1.6, 1.3μm). In such composites bluer materials exhibit higher reflectance at 1.3μm and lower at 1.6 and 2.0μm. The dark brown unit is highly correlated with the RADAR-dark dunes. The dark brown unit shows less evidence of water ice suggesting that the saltating grains of the dunes are largely composed of hydrocarbons and/or nitriles. In general, the bright units also show less evidence of absorption due to water ice and are inferred to consist of deposits of bright fine precipitating tholin aerosol dust. Some set of chemical/mechanical processes may be converting the bright fine-grained aerosol deposits into the dark saltating hydrocarbon and/or nitrile grains. Alternatively the dark dune materials may be derived from a different type of air aerosol photochemical product than are the bright materials. In our model, both the bright aerosol and dark hydrocarbon dune deposits mantle the VIMS dark blue water ice-rich substrate. We postulate that the bright mantles are effectively invisible (transparent) in RADAR synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images leading to lack of correlation in the RADAR images with optically bright mantling units. RADAR images mostly show only dark dunes and the water ice substrate that varies in roughness, fracturing, and porosity. If the rate of deposition of bright aerosol is 0.001–0.01μm/yr, the surface would be coated (to optical instruments) in hundreds-to-thousands of years unless cleansing processes are active. The dark dunes must be mobile on this very short timescale to prevent the accumulation of bright coatings. Huygens landed in a region of the VIMS bright and dark blue materials and about 30km south of the nearest occurrence of dunes visible in the RADAR SAR images. Fluvial/pluvial processes, every few centuries or millennia, must be cleansing the dark floors of the incised channels and scouring the dark plains at the Huygens landing site both imaged by Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Electronic systems
KW  - Electronic pulse techniques
KW  - Radio (Medium)
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Coatings
KW  - DISR
KW  - Dunes
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Mantles
KW  - Radar
KW  - SAR
KW  - Substrate
KW  - Tholin
KW  - Titan
KW  - Titriles
KW  - VIMS
KW  - Water ice
N1  - Accession Number: 27154454; Soderblom, Laurence A. 1; Email Address: lsoderblom@usgs.gov; Kirk, Randolph L. 1; Lunine, Jonathan I. 2; Anderson, Jeffrey A. 1; Baines, Kevin H. 3; Barnes, Jason W. 2,4; Barrett, Janet M. 1; Brown, Robert H. 2; Buratti, Bonnie J. 3; Clark, Roger N. 5; Cruikshank, Dale P. 4; Elachi, Charles 3; Janssen, Michael A. 3; Jaumann, Ralf 6; Karkoschka, Erich 2; Mouélic, Stéphane Le 7; Lopes, Rosaly M. 3; Lorenz, Ralph D. 8; McCord, Thomas B. 9; Nicholson, Philip D. 10; Affiliations: 1: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 4: NASA AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: US Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA; 6: DLR Institute for Planetary Exploration, Berlin, Germany; 7: University of Nantes, Nantes, France; 8: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA; 9: HIGP/SOEST, University of Hawaii, HI, USA; 10: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 55 Issue 13, p2025; Subject Term: Electronic systems; Subject Term: Electronic pulse techniques; Subject Term: Radio (Medium); Subject Term: Thin films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dunes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mantles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titriles; Author-Supplied Keyword: VIMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water ice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515111 Radio Networks; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.014
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mukherjee, Avijit
AU  - Hansen, Mark
T1  - A Dynamic Stochastic Model for the Single Airport Ground Holding Problem.
JO  - Transportation Science
JF  - Transportation Science
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 456
PB  - INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research
SN  - 00411655
AB  - In this paper, we present a dynamic stochastic integer programming (IP) model for the single airport ground holding problem, in which ground delays assigned to flights can be revised during different decision stages, based on weather forecasts. The performance gain from our model is particularly significant in the following cases: (1) under stringent ground holding policy, (2) when an early ground delay program (GDP) cancellation is likely, and (3) for airports where the ratio between adverse and fair weather capacities is lower. The choice of ground delay cost component in the objective function strongly affects the allocation policy. When it is linear, the optimal solution involves releasing the long-haul flights at or near their scheduled departure times and using the short-haul flights to absorb delays if low-capacity scenarios eventuate. This policy resembles the current practice of exempting long-distance flights during ground delay programs. For certain convex ground delay cost functions, the spread of ground delay is more or less uniform across all categories of flights, which makes the overall delay assignment more equitable. Finally, we also present a methodology that could enable intra- airline flight substitutions by airlines after our model has been executed and scenario-specific slots have been assigned to all flights, and hence to the airlines that operate them. This makes our model applicable under the collaborative decision making (CDM) paradigm by allowing airlines to perform cancellations and substitutions and hence reoptimize their internal delay cost functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Science is the property of INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - TRANSPORTATION industry
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - FLIGHT delays & cancellations (Airlines)
KW  - air traffic flow management
KW  - collaborative decision makmg
KW  - ground delay programs
KW  - stochastic optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 28031254; Mukherjee, Avijit 1; Email Address: avijit@ucsc.edu; Hansen, Mark 2; Email Address: mhansen@ce.berkeley.edu; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, California 94035.; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720.; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p444; Thesaurus Term: DYNAMIC programming; Thesaurus Term: DECISION making; Thesaurus Term: TRANSPORTATION industry; Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: FLIGHT delays & cancellations (Airlines); Author-Supplied Keyword: air traffic flow management; Author-Supplied Keyword: collaborative decision makmg; Author-Supplied Keyword: ground delay programs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Huey, L.G.
AU  - Crawford, J.H.
AU  - Olson, J.R.
AU  - Hutterli, M.A.
AU  - Sjostedt, S.
AU  - Tanner, D.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Blake, N.
AU  - Davis, Douglas
AU  - Stohl, A.
T1  - An assessment of the polar HO x photochemical budget based on 2003 Summit Greenland field observations
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/11/21/
VL  - 41
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 7806
EP  - 7820
SN  - 13522310
AB  - An interpretative modeling analysis is conducted to simulate the diurnal variations in OH and HO2+RO2 observed at Summit, Greenland in 2003. The main goal is to assess the HO x budget and to quantify the impact of snow emissions on ambient HO x as well as on CH2O and H2O2. This analysis is based on composite diurnal profiles of HO x precursors recorded during a 3-day period (July 7–9), which were generally compatible with values reported in earlier studies. The model simulations can reproduce the observed diurnal variation in HO2+RO2 when they are constrained by observations of H2O2 and CH2O. By contrast, model predictions of OH were about factor of 2 higher than the observed values. Modeling analysis of H2O2 suggests that its distinct diurnal variation is likely controlled by snow emissions and loss by deposition and/or scavenging. Similarly, deposition and/or scavenging sinks are needed to reproduce the observed diel profile in CH2O. This study suggests that for the Summit 2003 period snow emissions contribute ∼25% of the total CH2O production, while photochemical oxidation of hydrocarbon appears to be the dominant source. A budget assessment of HO x radicals shows that primary production from O(1D)+H2O and photolysis of snow emitted precursors (i.e., H2O2 and CH2O) are the largest primary HO x sources at Summit, contributing 41% and 40%, respectively. The snow contribution to the HO x budget is mostly in the form of emissions of H2O2. The dominant HO x sink involves the HO2+HO2 reaction forming H2O2, followed by its deposition to snow. These results differ from those previously reported for the South Pole (SP), in that primary production of HO x was shown to be largely driven by both the photolysis of CH2O and H2O2 emissions (46%) with smaller contributions coming from the oxidation of CH4 and the O(1D)+H2O reaction (i.e., 27% each). In sharp contrast to the findings at Summit in 2003, due to the much higher levels of NO x , the SP HO x sinks are dominated by HO x –NO x reactions, leading to the formation and deposition of HNO3 and HO2NO2. Thus, a comparison between SP and Summit studies suggests that snow emissions appear to play a prominent role in controlling primary HO x production in both environments. However, as regards to maintaining highly elevated levels of OH, the two environments differ substantially. At Summit the elevated rate for primary production of HO x is most important; whereas, at SP it is the rapid recycling of the more prevalent HO2 radical, through reaction with NO, back to OH that is primarily responsible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Peroxides
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Snow
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Hydroxyl group
KW  - Circadian rhythms
KW  - Greenland
KW  - South Pole
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - HO x budget
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Polar HO x
KW  - Snow emission
N1  - Accession Number: 27364124; Chen, G. 1; Email Address: gao.chen@nasa.gov; Huey, L.G. 2; Crawford, J.H. 1; Olson, J.R. 1; Hutterli, M.A. 3,4; Sjostedt, S. 2; Tanner, D. 2; Dibb, J. 5; Lefer, B. 6; Blake, N. 7; Davis, Douglas 2; Stohl, A. 8; Affiliations: 1: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 3: Physical Sciences Division, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK; 4: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 5: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA; 6: Department of Geosciences, University of Houston, TX, USA; 7: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 8: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; Issue Info: Nov2007, Vol. 41 Issue 36, p7806; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Peroxides; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Snow; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; Subject Term: Circadian rhythms; Subject: Greenland; Subject: South Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formaldehyde; Author-Supplied Keyword: HO x budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar HO x; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow emission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.014
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TY  - JOUR
T1  - International Space Station Medical Standards and Certification for Space Flight Participants.
AU  - Bogomolov, Valery V.
AU  - Castrucci, Filippo
AU  - Comtois, Jean-Marc
AU  - Damann, Volker
AU  - Davis, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Duncan, J. Michael
AU  - Johnston, Smith L.
AU  - Gray, Gary W.
AU  - Grigoriev, Anatoly I.
AU  - Koike, Yu
AU  - Kuklinski, Paul
AU  - Matveyev, Vladimir P.
AU  - Morgun, Valery V.
AU  - Pochuev, Vladimir I.
AU  - Sargsyan, Ashot E.
AU  - Shimada, Kazuhito
AU  - Straube, Ulrich
AU  - Tachibana, Shoichi
AU  - Voronkov, Yuri V.
AU  - Williams, Richard S.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 78
IS  - 12
SP  - 1162
EP  - 1169
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 27896602; Author: Bogomolov, Valery V.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Castrucci, Filippo: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Comtois, Jean-Marc: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Damann, Volker: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Davis, Jeffrey R.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Duncan, J. Michael: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Johnston, Smith L.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Gray, Gary W.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Grigoriev, Anatoly I.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Koike, Yu: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Kuklinski, Paul: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Matveyev, Vladimir P.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Morgun, Valery V.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Pochuev, Vladimir I.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Sargsyan, Ashot E.: 1,2,3,4,5 email: ashot.sargsyan-1@nasa.gov. Author: Shimada, Kazuhito: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Straube, Ulrich: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Tachibana, Shoichi: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Voronkov, Yuri V.: 1,2,3,4,5 Author: Williams, Richard S.: 1,2,3,4,5 ; Author Affiliation: 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States (NASA): 2 Canadian Space Agency (CSA): 3 European Space Agency (ESA): 4 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA): 5 Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos); No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20071217
N2  - Introduction: The medical community of the International Space Station (ISS) has developed joint medical standards and evaluation requirements for Space Flight Participants ("space tourists") which are used by the ISS medical certification board to determine medical eligibility of individuals other than professional astronauts (cosmonauts) for short-duration space flight to the ISS. These individuals are generally fare-paying passengers without operational responsibilities. Material and Context: By means of this publication, the medical standards and evaluation requirements for the ISS Space Flight Participants are offered to the aerospace medicine and commercial spaceflight communities for reference purposes. It is emphasized that the criteria applied to the ISS spaceflight participant candidates are substantially less stringent than those for professional astronauts and/or crewmembers of visiting and long-duration missions to the ISS. Conclusions: These medical standards are released by the government space agencies to facilitate the development of robust medical screening and medical risk assessment approaches in the context of the evolving commercial human space-flight industry. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *AVIATION medicine
KW  - *MEDICAL screening
KW  - *AERONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - commercial spaceflight
KW  - international cooperation
KW  - medical certification
KW  - space medicine
KW  - space tourism
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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Systemic administration of IGF-I enhances healing in collagenous extracellular matrices: evaluation of loaded and unloaded ligaments.
AU  - Provenzano, Paolo P.
AU  - Alejandro-Osorio, Adriana L.
AU  - Grorud, Kelley W.
AU  - Martinez, Daniel A.
AU  - Vailas, Arthur C.
AU  - Grindeland, Richard E.
AU  - Vanderby Jr., Ray
JO  - BMC Physiology
JF  - BMC Physiology
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 7
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 14726793
N1  - Accession Number: 29973718; Author: Provenzano, Paolo P.: 1 email: ppproven@wisc.edu. Author: Alejandro-Osorio, Adriana L.: 2 email: alalejandroo@wisc.edu. Author: Grorud, Kelley W.: 1,3 email: KGrorud@edgewood.edu. Author: Martinez, Daniel A.: 4,5 email: ddam@Central.UH.EDU. Author: Vailas, Arthur C.: 5 email: availas@uh.edu. Author: Grindeland, Richard E.: 6 email: rgrindeland@mail.arc.nasa.gov. Author: Vanderby Jr., Ray: 1,3 email: vanderby@orthorehab.wisc.edu. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA: 2 Dept. of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA: 3 Dept. of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA: 4 Dept. Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA: 5 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA: 6 Life Sciences Research Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; No. of Pages: 17; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20080218
N2  - Background: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) plays a crucial role in wound healing and tissue repair. We tested the hypotheses that systemic administration of IGF-I, or growth hormone (GH), or both (GH+IGF-I) would improve healing in collagenous connective tissue, such as ligament. These hypotheses were examined in rats that were allowed unrestricted activity after injury and in animals that were subjected to hindlimb disuse. Male rats were assigned to three groups: ambulatory sham-control, ambulatory-healing, and hindlimb unloaded-healing. Ambulatory and hindlimb unloaded animals underwent surgical disruption of their knee medial collateral ligaments (MCLs), while sham surgeries were performed on control animals. Healing animals subcutaneously received systemic doses of either saline, GH, IGF-I, or GH+IGF-I. After 3 weeks, mechanical properties, cell and matrix morphology, and biochemical composition were examined in control and healing ligaments. Results: Tissues from ambulatory animals receiving only saline had significantly greater strength than tissue from saline receiving hindlimb unloaded animals. Addition of IGF-I significantly improved maximum force and ultimate stress in tissues from both ambulatory and hindlimb unloaded animals with significant increases in matrix organization and type-I collagen expression. Addition of GH alone did not have a significant effect on either group, while addition of GH+IGF-I significantly improved force, stress, and modulus values in MCLs from hindlimb unloaded animals. Force, stress, and modulus values in tissues from hindlimb unloaded animals receiving IGF-I or GH+IGF-I exceeded (or were equivalent to) values in tissues from ambulatory animals receiving only saline with greatly improved structural organization and significantly increased type-I collagen expression. Furthermore, levels of IGF-receptor were significantly increased in tissues from hindlimb unloaded animals treated with IGF-I. Conclusion: These results support two of our hypotheses that systemic administration of IGF-I or GH+IGF-I improve healing in collagenous tissue. Systemic administration of IGF-I improves healing in collagenous extracellular matrices from loaded and unloaded tissues. Growth hormone alone did not result in any significant improvement contrary to our hypothesis, while GH + IGF-I produced remarkable improvement in hindlimb unloaded animals. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *SOMATOTROPIN
KW  - *LIGAMENTS
KW  - *EXTREMITIES (Anatomy)
KW  - *GROWTH factors
KW  - *WOUND healing
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santa, K.J.
AU  - Chao, B.H.
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
AU  - Stocker, D.P.
AU  - Axelbaum, R.L.
T1  - Radiative extinction of gaseous spherical diffusion flames in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 151
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 665
EP  - 675
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Radiative extinction of spherical diffusion flames was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experiments involved microgravity spherical diffusion flames burning ethylene and propane at 0.98 bar. Both normal (fuel flowing into oxidizer) and inverse (oxidizer flowing into fuel) flames were studied, with nitrogen supplied to either the fuel or the oxygen. Flame conditions were chosen to ensure that the flames extinguished within the 2.2 s of available test time; thus extinction occurred during unsteady flame conditions. Diagnostics included color video and thin-filament pyrometry. The computations, which simulated flow from a porous sphere into a quiescent environment, included detailed chemistry, transport, and radiation and yielded transient results. Radiative extinction was observed experimentally and simulated numerically. Extinction time, peak temperature, and radiative loss fraction were found to be independent of flow rate except at very low flow rates. Radiative heat loss was dominated by the combustion products downstream of the flame and was found to scale with flame surface area, not volume. For large transient flames the heat release rate also scaled with surface area and thus the radiative loss fraction was largely independent of flow rate. Peak temperatures at extinction onset were about 1100 K, which is significantly lower than for kinetic extinction. An important observation of this work is that while radiative heat losses can drive transient extinction, this is not only because radiative losses are increasing with time but also because the heat release rate is falling off as the flame expands away from the burner and the reactant supply to the flame decreases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Semiconductor doping
KW  - Separation (Technology)
KW  - Solution (Chemistry)
KW  - Solid solutions
KW  - CFD
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Laminar diffusion flames
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Thin-filament pyrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 27641105; Santa, K.J. 1; Chao, B.H. 1; Sunderland, P.B. 2; Urban, D.L. 3; Stocker, D.P. 3; Axelbaum, R.L. 4; Email Address: rla@wustl.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 2: Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Issue Info: Dec2007, Vol. 151 Issue 4, p665; Thesaurus Term: Semiconductor doping; Thesaurus Term: Separation (Technology); Thesaurus Term: Solution (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Solid solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin-filament pyrometry; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.08.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bolton, Matthew L.
AU  - Bass, Ellen J.
AU  - Comstock Jr., James Raymond
AU  - Comstock, James Raymond Jr
T1  - Spatial awareness in synthetic vision systems: using spatial and temporal judgments to evaluate texture and field of view.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - journal article
SP  - 961
EP  - 974
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - <bold>Objective: </bold>This work introduced judgment-based measures of spatial awareness and used them to evaluate terrain textures and fields of view (FOVs) in synthetic vision system (SVS) displays.<bold>Background: </bold>SVSs are cockpit technologies that depict computer-generated views of terrain surrounding an aircraft. In the assessment of textures and FOVs for SVSs, no studies have directly measured the three levels of spatial awareness with respect to terrain: identification of terrain, its relative spatial location, and its relative temporal location.<bold>Methods: </bold>Eighteen pilots made four judgments (relative azimuth angle, distance, height, and abeam time) regarding the location of terrain points displayed in 112 noninteractive 5-s simulations of an SVS head-down display. There were two between-subject variables (texture order and FOV order) and five within-subject variables (texture, FOV, and the terrain point's relative azimuth angle, distance, and height).<bold>Results: </bold>Texture produced significant main and interaction effects for the magnitude of error in the relative angle, distance, height, and abeam time judgments. FOV interaction effects were significant for the directional magnitude of error in the relative distance, height, and abeam time judgments.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Spatial awareness was best facilitated by the elevation fishnet (EF), photo fishnet (PF), and photo elevation fishnet (PEF) textures.<bold>Application: </bold>This study supports the recommendation that the EF, PF, and PEF textures be further evaluated in future SVS experiments. Additionally, the judgment-based spatial awareness measures used in this experiment could be used to evaluate other display parameters and depth cues in SVSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Control theory (Mathematics)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - Effect of environment on human beings
KW  - Manufacturing processes
KW  - Ergonomics
KW  - Applied psychology
KW  - Human-machine relationship
KW  - Azimuth
KW  - Spherical astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 27544069; Bolton, Matthew L. 1; Bass, Ellen J. 1; Email Address: ejb4n@virginia.edu; Comstock Jr., James Raymond 2; Comstock, James Raymond Jr; Affiliations: 1: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2007, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p961; Thesaurus Term: Control theory (Mathematics); Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATION; Thesaurus Term: Effect of environment on human beings; Subject Term: Manufacturing processes; Subject Term: Ergonomics; Subject Term: Applied psychology; Subject Term: Human-machine relationship; Subject Term: Azimuth; Subject Term: Spherical astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: journal article
L3  - 10.1518/001872007X249848
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Global VOR gain adaptation during near fixation to foveal targets
AU  - Williams, Jason A.
AU  - Bridgeman, Bruce
AU  - Woods, Tadg
AU  - Welch, Robert
JO  - Human Movement Science
JF  - Human Movement Science
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
SP  - 787
EP  - 795
SN  - 01679457
N1  - Accession Number: 27530817; Author: Williams, Jason A.: 1 email: williamsj@gonzaga.edu. Author: Bridgeman, Bruce: 2 Author: Woods, Tadg: 3 Author: Welch, Robert: 4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Psychology, Gonzaga University, 501 E Boone Ave, AD54, Spokane, WA, United States: 2 Departments of Psychology and Psychobiology, University of California, Santa Cruz Social Sciences 1, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States: 3 Department of Mathematics, Gonzaga University, 501 E Boone Ave, HC308A, Spokane, WA, United States: 4 NASA Ames-Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, United States; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20071201
N2  - Abstract: Long-term rotational vestibulo-ocular (VOR) adaptation occurs during systematic dysmetria between visual and vestibular afferents, adjusting eye-rotation angular velocity to re-establish retinal stability of the visual field. Due to translational motion of the eyes during head rotation, VOR gain is higher when fixating near objects. The current study measures VOR in humans before and after 6min of exposure to a foveal near-target during sinusoidal whole-body rotation at 0.45Hz. All of six participants showed post-exposure increases in open-loop VOR gain after fixating near targets, demonstrating a mean modulation increase of open-loop VOR gain from 0.86 before adaptation to 1.2 after adaptation. We discuss a number of theoretical and applied implications. Copyright &y& Elsevier
KW  - *VISUAL fields
KW  - *VISION
KW  - VESTIBULO-ocular reflex
KW  - RETINOIDS
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Adaptive plasticity
KW  - Motor processes
KW  - Vergence
KW  - Vestibulo-ocular reflex
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clausi, David D.
AU  - Aksoy, Selim
AU  - Tilton, James C.
T1  - Guest Editorial Foreword to the Special Issue on Pattern: Recognition in Remote Sensing.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/12//Dec2007 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 45
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3855
EP  - 3856
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A foreword to "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing: Pattern Recognition in Remote Sensing" is presented.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - PATTERN perception
N1  - Accession Number: 27823944; Clausi, David D. 1; Aksoy, Selim 2; Tilton, James C. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; 2: Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Right Center, Computational and Information Science and Technology Office, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Issue Info: Dec2007 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 45 Issue 12, p3855; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: PATTERN perception; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.909915
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wuchina, E.
AU  - Opila, E.
AU  - Opeka, M.
AU  - Fahrenholtz, W.
AU  - Talmy, I.
T1  - UHTCs: Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials for Extreme Environment Applications.
JO  - Interface
JF  - Interface
Y1  - 2007///Winter2007
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 36
SN  - 10648208
AB  - The article studies various ultra-high temperature ceramic materials (UHTC) and their industrial applications under extreme environments. It includes an in-depth analysis of various subject matter relevant to UHTC, as well as a discussion of the issues' implications for the electrochemical and solid-state sciences.
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - HEAT resistant materials
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - SOLID state chemistry
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 28040899; Wuchina, E. 1; Email Address: eric.wuchina@navy.mil; Opila, E. 2; Email Address: opila@nasa.gov; Opeka, M. 3; Email Address: mark.opeka@navy.mil; Fahrenholtz, W. 4; Email Address: billf@umr.edu; Talmy, I. 5; Email Address: inna.tamly@navy.mil; Affiliations: 1: Materials research engineer, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD; 2: Materials research engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; 3: Research materials engineer, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD; 4: Associate professor of ceramic engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla; 5: Senior research ceramist and group leader, Ceramic Science and Technologt Group, NSWCCD; Issue Info: Winter2007, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p30; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: HEAT resistant materials; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SOLID state chemistry; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PRASAD, NARASIMHA S.
T1  - DEEP-UV BASED ACOUSTO-OPTIC TUNABLE FILTER FOR SPECTRAL SENSING APPLICATIONS.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 857
EP  - 866
SN  - 01291564
AB  - In this paper, recent progress made in the development of quartz and KDP crystal based acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) are presented. These AOTFs are developed for operation over deep-UV to near-UV wavelengths of 190 nm to 400 nm. Preliminary output performance measurements of quartz AOTF and design specifications of KDP AOTF are presented. At 355 nm, the quartz AOTF device offered ∼15% diffraction efficiency with a passband full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of less than 0.0625 nm. Further characterization of quartz AOTF devices at deep-UV wavelengths is progressing. The hermetic packaging of KDP AOTF is nearing completion. The solid-state optical sources being used for excitation include nonlinear optics based high-energy tunable UV transmitters that operate around 320 nm and 308 nm wavelengths, and a tunable deep-UV laser operating over 193 nm to 210 nm. These AOTF devices have been developed as turn-key devices for primarily for space-based chemical and biological sensing applications using laser induced Fluorescence and resonance Raman techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FILTERS & filtration
KW  - ACOUSTOOPTICS
KW  - CHEMICALS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - AOTF
KW  - chem-bio sensing
KW  - Deep-UV wavelengths
N1  - Accession Number: 27265411; PRASAD, NARASIMHA S. 1; Email Address: n.s.prasad@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Nasa Langley Research Center, 5 N. Dryden St., MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Dec2007, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p857; Subject Term: FILTERS & filtration; Subject Term: ACOUSTOOPTICS; Subject Term: CHEMICALS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: AOTF; Author-Supplied Keyword: chem-bio sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep-UV wavelengths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nyman, Bruce
AU  - Itzler, Mark
AU  - Xudong Jiang
AU  - Krainak, Mike
T1  - High-efficiency 1.06-micron single photon counting avalanche photodiodes.
JO  - Military & Aerospace Electronics
JF  - Military & Aerospace Electronics
J1  - Military & Aerospace Electronics
PY  - 2007/12//
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 14
PB  - PennWell Corporation
SN  - 10469079
AB  - The article discusses the applications of a 1.06 microns single photons in a light detection and ranging (lidar) systems for remote sensing and ranging in the U.S. The silicon-based photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) used at this wavelength have a low detection efficiency at 1.06 microns. On the other hand, SPADS which contains a wavelength of 1.5 microns have detection efficiencies of 20%. Moreover, the LIDAR systems for remote sensing and ranging can operate neither free running mode.
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - MICROWAVE detectors
KW  - AVALANCHE diodes
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 27995215; Source Information: Dec2007, Vol. 8 Issue 12, p14; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: MICROWAVE detectors; Subject Term: AVALANCHE diodes; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 1/2p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Joel
T1  - The SMM model as a boundary value problem using the discrete diffusion equation
JO  - Theoretical Population Biology
JF  - Theoretical Population Biology
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 72
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 539
EP  - 546
SN  - 00405809
AB  - Abstract: A generalized single-step stepwise mutation model (SMM) is developed that takes into account an arbitrary initial state to a certain partial difference equation. This is solved in both the approximate continuum limit and the more exact discrete form. A time evolution model is developed for Y DNA or mtDNA that takes into account the reflective boundary modeling minimum microsatellite length and the original difference equation. A comparison is made between the more widely known continuum Gaussian model and a discrete model, which is based on modified Bessel functions of the first kind. A correction is made to the SMM model for the probability that two individuals are related that takes into account a reflecting boundary modeling minimum microsatellite length. This method is generalized to take into account the general n-step model and exact solutions are found. A new model is proposed for the step distribution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Population Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Separation (Technology)
KW  - Solution (Chemistry)
KW  - Solid solutions
KW  - Differential equations
KW  - Bessel
KW  - Discrete diffusion
KW  - Infinite alleles
KW  - Microsatellite
KW  - n-step
KW  - SMM
KW  - Stepwise mutation
N1  - Accession Number: 27229173; Campbell, Joel 1; Email Address: joel.f.campbell@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 488, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Dec2007, Vol. 72 Issue 4, p539; Thesaurus Term: Separation (Technology); Thesaurus Term: Solution (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Solid solutions; Subject Term: Differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bessel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infinite alleles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microsatellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: n-step; Author-Supplied Keyword: SMM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stepwise mutation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.08.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marantidou, O.
AU  - Loukopoulou, L.
AU  - Zervou, E.
AU  - Martinis, G.
AU  - Egglezou, A.
AU  - Fountouli, P.
AU  - Dimoxenous, P.
AU  - Parara, M.
AU  - Gavalaki, M.
AU  - Maniatis, A.
T1  - Factors that motivate and hinder blood donation in Greece.
JO  - Transfusion Medicine
JF  - Transfusion Medicine
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 450
SN  - 09587578
AB  - Donations in Greece are insufficient to cover the high transfusion needs arising from large numbers of thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia patients and the implementation of new surgical techniques. Efforts to achieve self-sufficiency, and to render blood supplies safer and manageable must focus on recruiting and retaining more volunteer donors and on converting the large pool of replacement donors. The aim of the study was to gain insight into public perception regarding the risks of donation and transfusion and to identify the factors that would motivate more people in Greece to regularly donate blood. Questionnaires were distributed to 1600 donors at the blood bank and visitors to hospitals at 11 locations across the country. Data on demographics, donation behaviour, incentives, risk perception and attitudes towards donation and transfusion were analysed separately for volunteer and replacement donors and non-donors. The results showed that women and young people donate the least in Greece. Also, many donors do not donate because they are not reminded to. A small percentage of donors confessed to having concealed part of the truth to background questions. Overall, incentives to donate were considered important and included future availability of blood for self or family, paid leave from work and free blood tests. Recruitment and retention efforts should include better communication with current donors, and raising awareness among eligible donors. Staff should be educated in soliciting information from potential donors, and incentives should be better aligned to avoid conflict with ethical values and ensure honesty in the prescreening process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transfusion Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLOOD donors -- Government policy
KW  - BLOOD transfusion -- Safety measures
KW  - BLOOD collection
KW  - DIRECTED blood donations
KW  - GREECE
KW  - blood
KW  - incentives
KW  - perception
KW  - replacement
KW  - risk
KW  - volunteer
N1  - Accession Number: 27649750; Marantidou, O.; Email Address: olga_marantidou@hotmail.com; Loukopoulou, L. 1; Zervou, E. 2; Martinis, G. 3; Egglezou, A. 4; Fountouli, P. 5; Dimoxenous, P. 6; Parara, M. 7; Gavalaki, M. 8; Maniatis, A. 9; Source Information: Dec2007, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p443; Subject: BLOOD donors -- Government policy; Subject: BLOOD transfusion -- Safety measures; Subject: BLOOD collection; Subject: DIRECTED blood donations; Geographic Terms: GREECE; Author-Supplied Keyword: blood; Author-Supplied Keyword: incentives; Author-Supplied Keyword: perception; Author-Supplied Keyword: replacement; Author-Supplied Keyword: risk; Author-Supplied Keyword: volunteer; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2007.00797.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cirtain, J. W.
AU  - Golub, L.
AU  - Lundquist, L.
AU  - van Ballegooijen, A.
AU  - Savcheva, A.
AU  - Shimojo, M.
AU  - DeLuca, E.
AU  - Tsuneta, S.
AU  - Sakao, T.
AU  - Reeves, K.
AU  - Weber, M.
AU  - Kano, R.
AU  - Narukage, N.
AU  - Shibasaki, K.
T1  - Evidence for Alfvén Waves in Solar X-ray Jets.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/12/07/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5856
M3  - Article
SP  - 1580
EP  - 1582
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Coronal magnetic fields are dynamic, and field lines may misalign, reassemble, and release energy by means of magnetic reconnection. Giant releases may generate solar flares and coronal mass ejections and, on a smaller scale, produce x-ray jets. Hinode observations of polar coronal holes reveal that x-ray jets have two distinct velocities: one near the Alfvén speed (~800 kilometers per second) and another near the sound speed (200 kilometers per second). Many more jets were seen than have been reported previously; we detected an average of 10 events per hour up to these speeds, whereas previous observations documented only a handful per day with lower average speeds of 200 kilometers per second. The x-ray jets are about 2 × 103 to 2 × 104 kilometers wide and 1 × 105 kilometers long and last from 100 to 2500 seconds. The large number of events, coupled with the high velocities of the apparent outflows, indicates that the jets may contribute to the high-speed solar wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Surface chemistry
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Engineering
KW  - Magnetic reconnection
KW  - Solar corona
KW  - Speed
KW  - Astrophysics
KW  - Size reduction of materials
KW  - Astronomical instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 29380669; Cirtain, J. W. 1,2; Email Address: Jonathan.W.Cirtain@nasa.gov; Golub, L. 1; Lundquist, L. 1; van Ballegooijen, A. 1; Savcheva, A. 1; Shimojo, M. 3; DeLuca, E. 1; Tsuneta, S. 4; Sakao, T. 5; Reeves, K. 1; Weber, M. 1; Kano, R. 4; Narukage, N. 5; Shibasaki, K. 3; Affiliations: 1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 2: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; 3: Nobeyama Solar Radio Observatory, Nobeyama, Nagano 384-1305, Japan; 4: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; 5: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan; Issue Info: 12/7/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5856, p1580; Thesaurus Term: Surface chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Physical sciences; Thesaurus Term: Engineering; Subject Term: Magnetic reconnection; Subject Term: Solar corona; Subject Term: Speed; Subject Term: Astrophysics; Subject Term: Size reduction of materials; Subject Term: Astronomical instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dufour, G.
AU  - Szopa, S.
AU  - Hauglustaine, D. A.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
T1  - The influence of biogenic emissions on upper-tropospheric methanol as revealed from space.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2007/12/15/
VL  - 7
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 6119
EP  - 6129
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The distribution and budget of oxygenated organic compounds in the atmosphere and their impact on tropospheric chemistry are still poorly constrained. Near-global space-borne measurements of seasonally resolved upper tropospheric profiles of methanol (CH3OH) by the ACE Fourier transform spectrometer provide a unique opportunity to evaluate our understanding of this important oxygenated organic species. ACE-FTS observations from March 2004 to August 2005 period are presented. These observations reveal the pervasive imprint of surface sources on upper tropospheric methanol: mixing ratios observed in the mid and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere reflect the seasonal cycle of the biogenic emissions whereas the methanol cycle observed in the southern tropics is highly influenced by biomass burning emissions. The comparison with distributions simulated by the state-of-the-art global chemistry transport model, LMDz-INCA, suggests that: (i) the background methanol (high southern latitudes) is correctly represented by the model considering the measurement uncertainties; (ii) the current emissions from the continental biosphere are underestimated during spring and summer in the Northern Hemisphere leading to an underestimation of modelled upper tropospheric methanol; (iii) the seasonal variation of upper tropospheric methanol is shifted to the fall in the model suggesting either an insufficient destruction of CH3OH (due to too weak chemistry and/or deposition) in fall and winter months or an unfaithful representation of transport; (iv) the impact of tropical biomass burning emissions on upper tropospheric methanol is rather well reproduced by the model. This study illustrates the potential of these first global profile observations of oxygenated compounds in the upper troposphere to improve our understanding of their global distribution, fate and budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Methanol
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Fourier transform spectroscopy
KW  - Northern Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 28161280; Dufour, G. 1,2; Email Address: dufour@lisa.univ-paris12.fr; Szopa, S. 3; Hauglustaine, D. A. 3; Boone, C. D. 4; Rinsland, C. P. 5; Bernath, P. F. 4,6; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de M´et´eorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (LMD/IPSL), Palaiseau, France; 2: Laboratoire Inter-universitaire des Systèmes Atmosph´eriques (LISA), Universit´es Paris 12 et Paris 7, CNRS, Cr´eteil, France; 3: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE/IPSL), CNRS-CEA-UVSQ Gif-sur-Yvette, France; 4: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Deparment of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK; Issue Info: 2007, Vol. 7 Issue 24, p6119; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Methanol; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Fourier transform spectroscopy; Subject: Northern Hemisphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Considine, D. B.
AU  - Logan, J. A.
AU  - Olsen, M. A.
T1  - Evaluation of near-tropopause ozone distributions in the Global Modeling Initiative combined stratosphere/troposphere model with ozonesonde data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1589
EP  - 1634
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The NASA Global Modeling Initiative has developed a combined stratosphere/troposphere chemistry and transport model which fully represents the processes governing atmospheric composition near the tropopause. We evaluate model ozone distributions near the tropopause, using two high vertical resolution monthly mean ozone profile climatologies constructed with ozonesonde data, one by averaging on pressure levels and the other relative to the thermal tropopause. Model ozone is high-biased at the SH tropical and NH midlatitude tropopause by ∼45% in a 4° latitude × 5° longitude model simulation. Increasing the resolution to 2°×2.5° increases the NH tropopause high bias to ∼60%, but decreases the tropical tropopause bias to ∼30%, an effect of a better-resolved residual circulation. The tropopause ozone biases appear not to be due to an overly vigorous residual circulation or excessive stratosphere/troposphere exchange, but are more likely due to insufficient vertical resolution or excessive vertical diffusion near the tropopause. In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, model/measurement intercomparisons are strongly affected by the averaging technique. NH and tropical mean model lower stratospheric biases are <20%. In the upper troposphere, the 2°×2.5° simulation exhibits mean high biases of ∼20% and ∼35% during April in the tropics and NH midlatitudes, respectively, compared to the pressure-averaged climatology. However, relative-to-tropopause aver aging produces upper troposphere high biases of ∼30% and 70% in the tropics and NH midlatitudes. This is because relative-to-tropopause averaging better preserves large cross-tropopause O3 gradients, which are seen in the daily sonde data, but not in daily model profiles. The relative annual cycle of ozone near the tropopause is reproduced very well in the model Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes. In the tropics, the model amplitude of the near-tropopause annual cycle is weak. This is likely due to the annual amplitude of mean vertical upwelling near the tropopause, which analysis suggests is ∼30% weaker than in the real atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Air pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 31231437; Considine, D. B. 1; Email Address: david.b.considine@nasa.gov; Logan, J. A. 2; Olsen, M. A. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1589; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, J.
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Fu, Q.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Ge, J.
AU  - Bi, J.
T1  - Estimation of Asian dust aerosol effect on cloud radiation forcing using Fu-Liou radiative model and CERES measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2061
EP  - 2084
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The impact of Asian dust on cloud radiative forcing during 2003-2006 is studied by using the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy Budget Scanner (CERES) data and the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model. Analysis of satellite data shows that the dust aerosol significantly reduced the cloud cooling effect at TOA. In dust contaminated cloudy regions, the 4-year mean values of the instantaneous shortwave, longwave and net cloud radiative forcing are -138.9, 69.1, and -69.7Wm-2, which are 57.0, 74.2, and 46.3%, respectively, of the corresponding values in pristine cloudy regions. The satellite-retrieved cloud properties are significantly different in the dusty regions and can influence the radiative forcing indirectly. The contributions to the cloud radiation forcing by the dust direct, indirect and semi-direct effects are estimated using combined satellite observations and Fu-Liou model simulation. The 4-year mean value of combination of indirect and semi-direct shortwave radiative forcing (SWRF) is 82.2Wm-2, which is 78.4% of the total dust effect. The direct effect is only 22.7Wm-2, which is 21.6% of the total effect. Because both first and second indirect effects enhance cloud cooling, the aerosol-induced cloud warming is mainly the result of the semi-direct effect of dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Energy budget (Geophysics)
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Forcing (Model theory)
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 31231447; Su, J. 1; Huang, J. 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn; Fu, Q. 1,2; Minnis, P. 3; Ge, J. 1; Bi, J. 3; Affiliations: 1: College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p2061; Thesaurus Term: Energy budget (Geophysics); Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Forcing (Model theory); Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Stamnes, K.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Weimer, C.
AU  - Wu, D.
AU  - Cisewski, M.
AU  - Sun, W.
AU  - Yang, P.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Omar, A.
AU  - Flittner, D.
AU  - Hostetler, C.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Winker, D.
AU  - Gibson, G.
AU  - Santa-Maria, M.
T1  - Sea surface wind speed estimation from space-based lidar measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2771
EP  - 2793
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Global satellite observations of lidar backscatter measurements acquired by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission and collocated sea surface wind speed data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System (AMSR-E), are used to investigate the relation between wind driven wave slope variance and sea surface wind speed. The new slope variance - wind speed relation established from this study is similar to the linear relation from Cox-Munk (1954) and the log-linear relation from Wu (1972, 1990) for wind speed larger than 7 m/s and 13.3 m/s, respectively. For wind speed less than 7 m/s, the slope variance is proportional to the square root of the wind speed, assuming a two dimensional isotropic Gaussian wave slope distribution. This slope variance - wind speed relation becomes linear if a one dimensional Gaussian wave slope distribution is assumed. Contributions from whitecaps and subsurface backscattering are effectively removed by using 532nm lidar depolarization measurements. This new slope variance - wind speed relation is used to derive sea surface wind speed from CALIPSO single shot lidar measurements (70m spot size), after correcting for atmospheric attenuation. The CALIPSO wind speed result agrees with the collocated AMSR-E wind speed, with 1.2 m/s rms error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Artificial satellites in telecommunication
KW  - Wind speed
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Laser communication systems
N1  - Accession Number: 31231463; Hu, Y. 1; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov; Stamnes, K. 2; Vaughan, M. 1; Pelon, J. 3; Weimer, C. 4; Wu, D. 5; Cisewski, M. 1; Sun, W. 1; Yang, P. 6; Lin, B. 1; Omar, A. 1; Flittner, D. 1; Hostetler, C. 1; Trepte, C. 1; Winker, D. 1; Gibson, G. 1; Santa-Maria, M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Dept. of Physics and Enginerring, Stevens Institute of Tech., Hoboken, NJ ,USA; 3: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Service d’Aeronomie/IPSL, Paris, France; 4: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, CO, USA; 5: Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; 6: Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A.& M. University, College Station Commerce Street,TX, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p2771; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: Wind speed; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Laser communication systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, S.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Stickel, R. E.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - McNaughton, C. S.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Anderson2, B. E.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
T1  - Airborne measurements of HCl from the marine boundary layer to the lower stratosphere over the North Pacific Ocean during INTEX-B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3563
EP  - 3595
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Gas phase HCl was measured from the marine boundary layer (MBL) to the lower stratosphere from the NASA DC-8 during five science flights (41 h) of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B) field campaign. In the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS, 8-12 km) HCl was observed to range from a few tens to 100 pptv due to stratospheric influence with a background tropospheric level of less than 2 pptv. In the 8-12 km altitude range, a simple analysis of the O3/HCl correlation shows that pure stratospheric and mixed tropospheric/stratospheric air masses were encountered 30% and 15% of the time, respectively. In the mid troposphere (4-8 km) HCl levels were usually below 2 pptv except for a few cases of stratospheric influence and were much lower than reported in previous work. These data indicate that background levels of HCl in the mid and upper troposphere are very low and confirm its use in these regions as a tracer of stratospheric ozone. However, a case study suggests that HCl may be produced in the mid troposphere by the dechlorination of dust aerosols. In the remote marine boundary layer HCl levels were consistently above 20 pptv (up to 140 pptv) and strongly correlated with HNO3. Cl atom levels were estimated from the background level of HCl in the MBL. This analysis suggests a Cl concentration of ∼3×10³ atoms cm-3, which corresponds to the lower range of previous studies. Finally, the observed HCl levels are compared to predictions by the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) to assess its ability to characterize the impact of stratospheric transport on the upper troposphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - North Pacific Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 31231483; Kim, S. 1; Huey, L. G. 1; Email Address: greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; Stickel, R. E. 1; Pierce, R. B. 2; Chen, G. 2; Avery, M. A. 2; Dibb, J. E. 3; Diskin, G. S. 2; Sachse, G. W. 2; McNaughton, C. S. 4; Clarke, A. D. 4; Anderson2, B. E.; Blake, D. R. 5; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; 3: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, USA; 4: Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, US; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p3563; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject: North Pacific Ocean; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sunderland, Peter B.
AU  - Haylett, James E.
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
T1  - Lengths of laminar jet diffusion flames under elevated gravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 152
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 60
EP  - 68
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: There are two prevalent scaling relationships for lengths of laminar jet diffusion flames on circular burners. Experimental studies of earth-gravity and microgravity flames generally invoke a linear relationship between normalized flame length and Reynolds number. In contrast, most studies conducted at elevated gravity have correlated flame lengths with a function of Reynolds and Froude numbers. An important distinction between these scalings is that the Reynolds scaling indicates that stoichiometric flame length is independent of gravity level, whereas the Reynolds–Froude scaling indicates that length decreases with increased gravity. The present work examines the ability of both approaches to correlate laminar hydrogen, methane, ethane, and propane flame lengths for a range of 1–15 times earth gravity. The Reynolds scaling is shown to accurately correlate the length measurements at both earth gravity and elevated gravity. The Reynolds–Froude scaling also correlates the measurements, but its theoretical basis is less rigorous, it does not account as accurately for variations in fuel flowrate, it does not admit microgravity flames, and past predictions of its behavior at low and high Froude number are not supported even with the present extension of Froude number to over eight orders of magnitude. It is shown that the observed reduction in luminosity length at elevated gravity can be attributed to soot interference and that stoichiometric flame length is independent of gravity except in the approach to microgravity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Matter -- Properties
KW  - Separation (Technology)
KW  - Solid solutions
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Centrifuge
KW  - Flame shape
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Slot burner
KW  - Soot
N1  - Accession Number: 27879347; Sunderland, Peter B. 1; Email Address: pbs@umd.edu; Haylett, James E. 2; Urban, David L. 3; Nayagam, Vedha 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 152 Issue 1/2, p60; Thesaurus Term: Matter -- Properties; Thesaurus Term: Separation (Technology); Thesaurus Term: Solid solutions; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centrifuge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slot burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lock, Andrew
AU  - Aggarwal, Suresh K.
AU  - Puri, Ishwar K.
AU  - Hegde, Uday
T1  - Suppression of fuel and air stream diluted methane–air partially premixed flames in normal and microgravity
JO  - Fire Safety Journal
JF  - Fire Safety Journal
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 35
SN  - 03797112
AB  - Abstract: The effects of fuel and air stream dilution (ASD) with carbon dioxide on the suppression of normal and microgravity laminar methane–air partially premixed coflow jet flames were experimentally and numerically investigated. Experiments were conducted both in our normal-gravity laboratory and at the NASA Glenn Research Center 2.2s drop tower. Measurements included flame topology and liftoff heights of diluted flames, critical diluent mole fractions for flame blowout, and the radiant heat loss from flames. The flames were also simulated using an axisymmetric unsteady numerical code that utilizes detailed chemistry and transport models. In addition, counterflow flame simulation results were used to examine similitude between the counterflow and coflow flame suppression, and further characterize the effectiveness of fuel stream versus ASD on flame extinction. A smaller relative fuel stream dilution (FSD) extinguishes partially premixed flames (PPFs) with increasing premixing as compared to dilution of the air stream. Conversely, smaller ASD is required to extinguish PPFs as they become less premixed and approach nonpremixed (NP) behavior. Fuel stream diluted PPFs and air stream diluted NP flames extinguish primarily through a reactant dilution effect while fuel stream diluted NP flames and air stream diluted PPF are extinguished primarily by a thermal cooling effect. Normal gravity flames lift off and blow out with a smaller diluent mole fraction than microgravity flames. The difference between the fuel and ASD effectiveness increases as the gravitational acceleration is reduced. Radiation heat losses are observed to increase with increasing diluent mole fraction and decreasing gravity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Flame suppression
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Liftoff and blowout
KW  - Partially premixed methane flames
N1  - Accession Number: 28404069; Lock, Andrew 1; Aggarwal, Suresh K. 1; Email Address: ska@uic.edu; Puri, Ishwar K. 2; Hegde, Uday 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; 2: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p24; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liftoff and blowout; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partially premixed methane flames; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.02.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qi Cheng
AU  - Varshney, Pramod K.
AU  - Michels, James H.
AU  - Belcastro, Celeste M.
T1  - Fault Detection in Dynamic Systems via Decision Fusion.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 227
EP  - 242
SN  - 00189251
AB  - Due to the growing demands for system reliability and availability of large amounts of data, efficient fault detection techniques for dynamic systems are desired. In this paper, we consider fault detection in dynamic systems monitored by multiple sensors. Normal and faulty behaviors can be modeled as two hypotheses. Due to communication constraints, it is assumed that sensors can only send binary data to the fusion center. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (IID) observations, we propose a distributed fault detection algorithm, including local detector design and decision fusion rule design, based on state estimation via particle filtering. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMMUNICATION & technology
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - PROXIMITY detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 32117810; Qi Cheng 1; Varshney, Pramod K. 2; Email Address: varshney@ecs.syr.edu; Michels, James H. 3; Belcastro, Celeste M. 4; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; 2: Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244; 3: JHM Technologies, P0 Box 4142, Ithaca, NY 14852; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 130, Hampton, VA 23681; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p227; Thesaurus Term: COMMUNICATION & technology; Thesaurus Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: PROXIMITY detectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kingsley, Nickolas
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - Reconfigurable RF MEMS Phased Array Antenna Integrated Within a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) System-on-Package.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2008/01//
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
EP  - 118
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - For the first time, a fully integrated phased array antenna with radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) switches on a flexible, organic substrate is demonstrated above 10 GHz. A low noise amplifier (LNA), MEMS phase shifter, and 2 × 2 patch antenna array are integrated into a system-on-package (SOP) on a liquid crystal polymer substrate. Two antenna arrays are compared; one implemented using a single-layer SOP and the second with a multilayer SOP. Both implementations are low-loss and capable of 12° of beam steering. The design frequency is 14 GHz and the measured return loss is greater than 12 dB for both implementations. The use of an LNA allows for a much higher radiated power level. These antennas can be customized to meet almost any size, frequency, and performance needed. This research furthers the state-of-the-art for organic SOP devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHASED array antennas
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - MECHATRONICS
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
N1  - Accession Number: 32894176; Source Information: Jan2008, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p108; Subject Term: PHASED array antennas; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Subject Term: MECHATRONICS; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 19 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2007.913151
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choudhary, Vijay
AU  - Ledezma, Enrique
AU  - Ayyanar, Raja
AU  - Button, Robert M.
T1  - Fault Tolerant Circuit Topology and Control Method for Input-Series and Output-Parallel Modular DC-DC Converters.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
PY  - 2008/01//
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 402
EP  - 411
SN  - 08858993
AB  - This paper presents a modular, fault tolerant dc-dc converter topology that utilizes common duty ratio control to ensure equal sharing of input voltage and output current in input-series output-parallel configuration. The input-series connection allows the use of low voltage MOSFET's optimized for very low RDS,ON resulting in lower conduction losses. The common-duty-ratio scheme does not require a dedicated control loop for input voltage or output current sharing. The fault tolerant protection and control scheme accommodates failure of one or more modules, and ensures input voltage and load current sharing among the remaining healthy modules. The design of a new sensing scheme for detection of fault is presented. The analysis of the topology and the underlying principles are presented. The dependence of peak current from the source and in the protection switch in case of failure of a single converter has been analyzed and the various design tradeoff issues are discussed. The theoretical predictions are validated with simulation and experimental results. The proposed method is simple and gives good dynamic response to changes in input, load, and during fault. This topology is especially suited for space applications where a high level of fault tolerance can be achieved through designed redundancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - DC-to-DC converters
KW  - ELECTRIC current converters
KW  - ON-chip charge pumps
KW  - VOLTAGE regulators
KW  - ELECTRIC controllers
N1  - Accession Number: 28437333; Source Information: Jan2008, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p402; Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: DC-to-DC converters; Subject Term: ELECTRIC current converters; Subject Term: ON-chip charge pumps; Subject Term: VOLTAGE regulators; Subject Term: ELECTRIC controllers; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 13 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPEL.2007.911845
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shukla, Satyajit
AU  - Zhang, Peng
AU  - Cho, Hyoung J.
AU  - Ludwig, Lawrence
AU  - Seal, Sudipta
T1  - Significance of electrode-spacing in hydrogen detection for tin oxide-based MEMS sensor
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 475
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: “Nano-Macro” and “Nano-Micro” integrated sensor-devices have been fabricated via sol–gel dip-coating the nanocrystalline indium oxide -doped tin oxide thin films on the Pyrex glass and the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) substrates. The electrode-spacing for the “Nano-Macro” integrated sensor-device is maintained at 1cm while that for the “Nano-Micro” integrated sensor-device is reduced to 10 and . These sensor-devices with different electrode-spacing are characterized using glancing-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM); and subsequently utilized for sensing 900ppm hydrogen at room temperature under the dynamic test-condition. The “Nano-Macro” and “Nano-Micro” integrated sensor-devices exhibit maximum room temperature sensitivity of and with the response time of 3h and 250–350s (for the room temperature sensitivity of ), respectively. Moreover, the “Nano-Micro” integrated sensor-device with the smaller electrode-spacing shows better response kinetics relative to that of the sensor-device with the larger electrode-spacing . The observed sensor-behavior has been explained based on the effect of electrode-spacing on the kinetics of the sensing mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Transmission electron microscopes
KW  - Microelectromechanical systems
KW  - Solid state electronics
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Colloids
KW  - Electromechanical devices
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - MEMS
KW  - Nano-Macro integration
KW  - Nano-Micro integration
KW  - Room temperature
KW  - Sensor
KW  - Sol–gel
KW  - Thin film
N1  - Accession Number: 28839635; Shukla, Satyajit 1,2; Email Address: satyajit_shukla@csrrltrd.ren.nic.in; Zhang, Peng 2; Cho, Hyoung J. 2; Ludwig, Lawrence 3; Seal, Sudipta 2; Affiliations: 1: Materials & Minerals Division (MMD), National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) (Formerly: Regional Research Laboratory (RRL)) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India; 2: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Mechanical Materials Aerospace Engineering (MMAE) Department Engineering # 381, 4000 Central Florida Blvd. University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32826, USA; 3: Kennedy Space Center (KSC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), FL 32899, USA; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p470; Subject Term: Transmission electron microscopes; Subject Term: Microelectromechanical systems; Subject Term: Solid state electronics; Subject Term: Thin films; Subject Term: Colloids; Subject Term: Electromechanical devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano-Macro integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano-Micro integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Room temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sol–gel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin film; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.07.043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa
T1  - Calculations of High-Temperature Jet Flow Using Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes Formulations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
Y1  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 64
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Two multiscale-type turbulence models are implemented in the PAB3D solver. The models are based on modifying the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The first scheme is a hybrid Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes/large-eddy-simulation model using the two-equation kε model with a Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes/large-eddy-simulation transition function dependent on grid spacing and the computed turbulence length scale. The second scheme is a modified version of the partially averaged Navier-Stokes model in which the unresolved kinetic energy parameter fk is allowed to vary as a function of grid spacing and the turbulence length scale. This parameter is estimated based on a novel two-stage procedure to efficiently estimate the level of scale resolution possible for a given flow on a given grid for partially averaged Navier-Stokes. It has been found that the prescribed scale resolution can play a major role in obtaining accurate flow solutions. The parameter fk varies between zero and one and is equal to one in the viscous sublayer and when the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulent viscosity becomes smaller than the large-eddy-simulation viscosity. The formulation, usage methodology, and validation examples are presented to demonstrate the enhancement of PAB3D's time-accurate turbulence modeling capabilities. The accurate simulations of flow and turbulent quantities will provide a valuable tool for accurate jet noise predictions. Solutions from these models are compared with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes results and experimental data for high-temperature jet flows. The current results show promise for the capability of hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large eddy simulation and partially averaged Navier-Stokes in simulating such flow phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - HEAT
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - GAS dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
N1  - Accession Number: 29386614; Source Information: Jan/Feb2008, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p64; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: HEAT; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: GAS dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.18767
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rivers, S. Melissa B.
AU  - Owens, Lewis R.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
T1  - Investigations for Supersonic Transports at Transonic and Supersonic Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
Y1  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 211
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Several computational studies were conducted as part of NASA's High-Speed Research Program. Results of turbulence model comparisons from two studies on supersonic transport configurations performed during NASA's High-Speed Research program are given. The effects of grid topology and the representation of the actual wind-tunnel model geometry are also investigated. Results are presented for both transonic conditions at Mach 0.90 and supersonic conditions at Mach 2.48. A feature of these two studies was the availability of higher Reynolds number wind-tunnel data with which to compare the computational results. The transonic wind-tunnel data were obtained in the National Transonic Facility at NASA Langley Research Center, and the supersonic data were obtained in the Boeing Company Polysonic Wind Tunnel. The computational data were acquired using a state-of-the-art Navier-Stokes flow solver with a wide range of turbulence models implemented. The results show that the computed forces compare reasonably well with the experimental data, with the Baldwin-Lomax with Degani-Schiff modifications and the Baldwin-Barth models showing the best agreement for the transonic conditions and the Spalart-Allmaras model showing the best agreement for the supersonic conditions. The transonic results were more sensitive to the choice of turbulence model than were the supersonic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 29386636; Source Information: Jan/Feb2008, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p211; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.30972
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lan, C. Edward
AU  - Bianchi, Silvia
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
T1  - Effects of Bearing Friction of a Free-to-Roll Rig on Transonic Lateral Aerodynamics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
Y1  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 298
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Tare test data of a free-to-roll test rig with wind off are analyzed for the bearing friction by a method of differential corrections. The resulting data set is extended to transonic wind-on test conditions in oscillation frequency, amplitude, and normal force by assuming the friction coefficient to be inversely proportional to the frequency. The extended set of data is employed to establish a numerical model through a fuzzy logic algorithm. Some results showing the effects of frequency, amplitude, and normal force on the friction torque are illustrated in the paper. The predicted friction torque is then removed from the balance readings of rolling moments in the free-to-roll testing. Results of data analysis for the F-18C and F-16C models indicate that bearing-friction torques have very significant effects on the measured or experimentally determined roll damping. Without friction correction, the measured roll damping would be too small and, in some cases, even incorrect in sign. The effect of friction torque on the dihedral effect tends to be minor. Exceptions to these results appear when the configuration exhibits unstable roll damping in transonic flow. Effects of Bearing Friction of a Free-to-Roll Rig on Transonic Lateral Aerodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 29386634; Source Information: Jan/Feb2008, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p298; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.30387
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merceret, Francis J.
AU  - Ward, Jennifer G.
AU  - Mach, Douglas M.
AU  - Bateman, Monte G.
AU  - Dye, James E.
T1  - On the Magnitude of the Electric Field near Thunderstorm-Associated Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 248
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Electric-field measurements made in and near clouds during two airborne field programs are presented. Aircraft equipped with multiple electric-field mills and cloud physics sensors were flown near active convection and into thunderstorm anvil and debris clouds. The magnitude of the electric field was measured as a function of position with respect to the cloud edge to provide an observational basis for modifications to the lightning launch commit criteria (LLCC) used by the U.S. space program. These LLCC are used to reduce the risk that an ascending launch vehicle will trigger a lightning strike that could cause the loss of the mission or vehicle. Even with fields of tens of kV m-1 inside electrically active convective clouds, the fields external to these clouds decay to less than 3 kV m-1 within 15 km of cloud edge. Fields that exceed 3 kV m-1 were not found external to anvil and debris clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Thunderstorms
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Electric fields
KW  - Electromagnetic fields
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 30033600; Merceret, Francis J. 1; Email Address: francis.j.merceret@nasa.gov; Ward, Jennifer G. 1; Mach, Douglas M. 2; Bateman, Monte G. 3; Dye, James E. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida.; 2: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama.; 3: Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, Alabama.; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p240; Thesaurus Term: Thunderstorms; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Subject Term: Electric fields; Subject Term: Electromagnetic fields; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAMC1713.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apetre, N. A.
AU  - Sankar, B. V.
AU  - Ambur, D. R.
T1  - Analytical Modeling of Sandwich Beams with Functionally Graded Core.
JO  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
JF  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 74
SN  - 10996362
AB  - This study investigates several available sandwich beam theories for their suitability of application to one-dimensional sandwich plates with functionally graded core. Two equivalent single-layer theories based on assumed displacements, a higher-order theory, and the Fourier-Galerkin method are compared. The results are also compared with the finite element analysis. The core of the sandwich panel is functionally graded such that the density, and hence its stiffness, vary through the thickness. The variation of core Young's modulus is represented by a differentiable function in the thickness coordinate, but the Poisson's ratio is kept constant. A very good agreement is found among the Fourier-Galerkin method, the higher-order theory, and the finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - THEORY
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - REAL variables
KW  - functionally graded cores
KW  - functionally graded materials
KW  - sandwich panels
N1  - Accession Number: 29788040; Apetre, N. A. 1; Sankar, B. V. 1; Email Address: sankar@ufl.edu; Ambur, D. R. 2; Source Information: Jan2008, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p53; Subject: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject: THEORY; Subject: FINITE element method; Subject: GALERKIN methods; Subject: REAL variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: functionally graded cores; Author-Supplied Keyword: functionally graded materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich panels; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1099636207081111
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, W.J.
AU  - Whitten, R.C.
T1  - Influence of high abundances of aerosols on the electrical conductivity of the Titan atmosphere
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 26
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Observations of optical depth and scattering by instrumentation onboard the Huygens probe have been used by Tomasko et al. [Tomasko et al., 2005. Rain, winds and haze during Huygens probe''s descent to Titan''s surface. Nature 438 (8), 765–778] to deduce that the size and abundance of Titan aerosols could be nearly independent of altitude. Here we show that by assuming a constant mass flux with altitude and using the measured optical depth as a constraint, we obtain more realistic size and abundance distributions. In particular, the calculated abundance decreases from 3.5×107 m−3 at 100km to 8×106 m−3 near the surface while the particle radius varies from 0.25μm at 150km to 1.1μm at the surface. These distributions are consistent with the reported measurements for these quantities. Our results are then employed to compute electron and ion densities and conductivities for various solar UV photoelectron emission thresholds. Our model shows that to get agreement with the published (preliminary) conductivity measurements, photoemission cannot be an important source of electrons and ions. To get agreement with the electron and ion conductivity observations, both an additional population of aerosol embryos above 50km and a trace amount of an electrophillic molecular species below 50km are needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Particles (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Electron emission
KW  - Cathode rays
KW  - Planetary atmosphere
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 28075407; Borucki, W.J. 1; Email Address: william.J.borucki@nasa.gov; Whitten, R.C. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p19; Subject Term: Planetary atmospheres; Subject Term: Particles (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Electron emission; Subject Term: Cathode rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.03.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Meyyappan, Meyya
AD  - Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, CA
A2  - Fisher, Erik
A2  - Selin, Cynthia
A2  - Wetmore, Jameson M.
T1  - Nanotechnology: Challenges and the Way Forward
T2  - The Yearbook of Nanotechnology in Society
PB  - New York: Springer
Y1  - 2008///
SP  - 227
EP  - 239
N1  - Accession Number: 1081776; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-1-4020-8415-7; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201001
KW  - Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights: General          O30
KW  - Technological Change: Government Policy          O38
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ban-Weiss, George A.
AU  - McLaughlin, John P.
AU  - Harley, Robert A.
AU  - Lunden, Melissa M.
AU  - Kirchstetter, Thomas W.
AU  - Kean, Andrew J.
AU  - Strawa, Anthony W.
AU  - Stevenson, Eric D.
AU  - Kendall, Gary R.
T1  - Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2008/01/11/
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 232
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Gas- and particle-phase pollutants were measured separately for (a) light-duty (LD) vehicles and (b) medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. Measurements were made during summer 2006 at the Caldecott Tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area as part of a continuing campaign to track changes in vehicle emissions over time. When normalized to fuel consumption, NO x emission factors were found to be 3.0±0.2 and 40±3gkg−1 for LD vehicles and MD/HD diesel trucks, respectively. Corresponding particulate matter (PM2.5) emission factors were 0.07±0.02 and 1.4±0.3gkg−1. The ratio of particulate black carbon to organic mass (BC/OM) for LD vehicles was 0.71±0.15. For diesel trucks, BC/OM was 2±1, indicating that PM2.5 was dominated by BC. Results from 2006 are compared to similar measurements made at the same site in 1997. For LD vehicles, NO x and PM2.5 emission factors decreased by 67±3% and 36±17%, respectively. Corresponding decreases for diesel trucks were 30±9% for NO x and 48±12% for PM2.5. The ratio of HD to LD emission factor for NO x increased from 6±1 to 13±1 between 1997 and 2006, which indicates an increase in the relative importance of diesel trucks as a source of NO x emissions. The absorption, scattering, and extinction cross-section emission factors parameters relevant to climate change and atmospheric visibility, were an order of magnitude higher for diesel trucks than LD vehicles. Single-scattering albedo, measured at λ=675nm, was 0.31±0.06 and 0.20±0.05 for LD vehicle and diesel truck PM emissions, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Motor vehicles -- Fuel consumption
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Power resources
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Aerosol optical properties
KW  - Exhaust particulate matter
KW  - Motor vehicles
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Tunnel study
N1  - Accession Number: 28111259; Ban-Weiss, George A. 1; McLaughlin, John P. 2; Harley, Robert A. 2; Email Address: harley@ce.berkeley.edu; Lunden, Melissa M. 3; Kirchstetter, Thomas W. 3; Kean, Andrew J. 4; Strawa, Anthony W. 5; Stevenson, Eric D. 6; Kendall, Gary R. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA; 3: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA; 5: NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Bay Area Air Quality Management District, Technical Services Division, 939 Ellis Street, San Francisco, CA 94109, USA; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p220; Thesaurus Term: Motor vehicles -- Fuel consumption; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Energy consumption; Thesaurus Term: Power resources; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exhaust particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motor vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tunnel study; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.049
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Yang, Feihua
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Satellite-based estimation of surface vapor pressure deficits using MODIS land surface temperature data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 142
EP  - 155
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) is a principle mediator of global terrestrial CO2 uptake and water vapor loss through plant stomata. As such, methods to estimate VPD accurately and efficiently are critical for ecosystem and climate modeling efforts. Based on prior work relating energy partitioning, remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST), and VPD, we developed simple linear models to predict VPD using saturated vapor pressure calculated from MODIS LST at a number of different temporal and spatial resolutions. We developed and assessed the LST–VPD models using three data sets: (1) instantaneous and daytime average ground-based VPD and radiometric temperature from the Soil Moisture Experiments in 2002 (SMEX02); (2) daytime average VPD from AmeriFlux eddy covariance flux tower observations; and (3) estimated daytime average VPD from Global Surface Summary of Day (GSSD) observations. We estimated model parameters for VPD estimation both regionally (MOD11 A2) and globally (MOD11 C2) with RMSE values ranging from .32 to .38 kPa. VPD was overestimated along coastlines and underestimated in arid regions with low vegetation cover. Also, residuals were larger with higher VPDs because of the non-linear function of saturation vapor pressure with LST. Linear relationships were seen at multiple scales and appear useful for estimation purposes within a range of 0 to 2.5 kPa. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Vapor pressure
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Linear models (Statistics)
KW  - Saturation vapor pressure
KW  - Land surface temperature
KW  - MODIS
KW  - VDP
N1  - Accession Number: 27724200; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 1,2; Email Address: hirofumi.hashimoto@gmail.com; Dungan, Jennifer L. 3; White, Michael A. 4; Yang, Feihua 5; Michaelis, Andrew R. 1,3; Running, Steven W. 6; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3; Affiliations: 1: California State University, Monterey Bay, CA, USA; 2: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Department of Aquatic, Watershed, and Earth Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; 5: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; 6: NTSG/University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 112 Issue 1, p142; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Subject Term: Vapor pressure; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Linear models (Statistics); Subject Term: Saturation vapor pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: VDP; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.04.016
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - V.  Kharuk
AU  - M.  Dvinskaya
AU  - S.  Im
AU  - K.  Ranson
T1  - Tree vegetation of the forest-tundra ecotone in the Western Sayan mountains and climatic trends.
JO  - Russian Journal of Ecology
JF  - Russian Journal of Ecology
Y1  - 2008/01/26/
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
SN  - 10674136
AB  - Abstract  Parameters of reproduction of the Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica), including radial and apical tree increments, the age structure of stands, the amount of young growth, and its distribution along an altitudinal gradient, have been studied in the forest-tundra ecotone of the Western Sayan. The results show that, over the past 30 years, P. sibirica undergrowth has expanded to the mountain tundra belt, the apical and radial tree increments and stand density have increased, and the life form of many P. sibirica plants has changed from prostrate to erect (single-or multistemmed). These changes correlate with the dynamics of summer temperatures and monthly (in May and June) and annual precipitation. The rise of summer temperatures by 1°C promotes the expansion of P. sibirica undergrowth for approximately 150 m up the altitudinal gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Russian Journal of Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forest management
KW  - Stone pines
KW  - Sayan Mountains (Russia)
KW  - Russia
N1  - Accession Number: 28715570; V.  Kharuk 1; M.  Dvinskaya 1; S.  Im 1; K.  Ranson 2; Affiliations: 1: Russian Academy of Sciences Akademgorodok Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch Krasnoyarsk 660036 Russia; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Center Maryland USA; Issue Info: Jan2008, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p8; Thesaurus Term: Forest management; Subject Term: Stone pines; Subject: Sayan Mountains (Russia); Subject: Russia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115310 Support Activities for Forestry; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Evaluation of snow models in terrestrial biosphere models using ground observation and satellite data: impact on terrestrial ecosystem processes.
JO  - Hydrological Processes
JF  - Hydrological Processes
Y1  - 2008/01/30/
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 347
EP  - 355
SN  - 08856087
AB  - This article discusses snow simulation models for prediction of snow water equivalent, snow season length and seasonal and interannual variations in snow cover in the Columbia River Basin in the US and Canada . The authors conducted a point-based comparison ground and satellite observation against model predictions. They compared models on the basis of runoff and gross primary productions. They concluded that some models underpredict snow season length and snow covered area while others accurately model terrestrial ecosystems.
KW  - Snow
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles -- Seasonal variations
KW  - Ecosystem management
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Columbia River
KW  - Canada
KW  - United States
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - snow distribution
KW  - snow water equivalent
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem model
KW  - water cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 29414799; Ichii, Kazuhito 1,2; Email Address: kazuhito.ichii@gmail.com; White, Michael A. 3; Votava, Petr 4; Michaelis, Andrew 4; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 5; Affiliations: 1: San Jose State University and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Kanayagawa 1, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan; 3: Department of Aquatic, Watershed, and Earth Resources, Utah State University, 5210 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-5210, USA; 4: California State University, Monterey Bay and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 1/30/2008, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p347; Thesaurus Term: Snow; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemical cycles -- Seasonal variations; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystem management; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Runoff; Subject Term: Columbia River; Subject: Canada; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow water equivalent; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem model; Author-Supplied Keyword: water cycle; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manney, G. L.
AU  - Daffer, W. H.
AU  - Strawbridge, K. B.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
AU  - Kerzenmacher, T.
AU  - Schwartz, M. J.
AU  - Strong, K.
AU  - Sica, R. J.
AU  - Krüuger, K.
AU  - Pumphrey, H. C.
AU  - Lambert, A.
AU  - Santee, M. L.
AU  - Livesey, N. J.
AU  - Remsberg, E. E.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Russell III, J. R.
T1  - The high Arctic in extreme winters: vortex, temperature, and MLS and ACE-FTS trace gas evolution.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 505
EP  - 522
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The first three Arctic winters of the ACE mission represented two extremes of winter variability: Stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) in 2004 and 2006 were among the strongest, most prolonged on record; 2005 was a record cold winter. Canadian Arctic Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Validation Campaigns were conducted at Eureka (80° N, 86° W) during each of these winters. New satellite measurements from ACE-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), along with meteorological analyses and Eureka lidar temperatures, are used to detail the meteorology in these winters, to demonstrate its influence on transport, and to provide a context for interpretation of ACE-FTS and validation campaign observations. During the 2004 and 2006 SSWs, the vortex broke down throughout the stratosphere, reformed quickly in the upper stratosphere, and remained weak in the middle and lower stratosphere. The stratopause reformed at very high altitude, near 75 km. ACE measurements covered both vortex and extra-vortex conditions in each winter, except in late-February through mid-March 2004 and 2006, when the strong, pole-centered vortex that reformed after the SSWs resulted in ACE sampling only inside the vortex in the middle through upper stratosphere. The 2004 and 2006 Eureka campaigns were during the recovery from the SSWs, with the redeveloping vortex over Eureka. 2005 was the coldest winter on record in the lower stratosphere, but with an early final warming in mid-March. The vortex was over Eureka at the start of the 2005 campaign, but moved away as it broke up. Disparate temperature profile structure and vortex evolution resulted in much lower (higher) temperatures in the upper (lower) stratosphere in 2004 and 2006 than in 2005. Satellite temperatures agree well with lidar data up to 50-60 km, and ACE-FTS, MLS and SABER show good agreement in high-latitude temperatures throughout the winters. Consistent with a strong, cold upper stratospheric vortex and enhanced radiative cooling after the SSWs, MLS and ACE-FTS trace gas measurements show strongly enhanced descent in the upper stratospheric vortex in late January through March 2006 compared to that in 2005. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Winter
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Fourier transform spectroscopy
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 30092380; Manney, G. L. 1,2; Email Address: manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov; Daffer, W. H. 3; Strawbridge, K. B. 4; Walker, K. A. 5,6; Boone, C. D. 6; Bernath, P. F. 6,7; Kerzenmacher, T. 5; Schwartz, M. J. 1; Strong, K. 5; Sica, R. J. 8; Krüuger, K. 9; Pumphrey, H. C. 10; Lambert, A. 1; Santee, M. L. 1; Livesey, N. J. 1; Remsberg, E. E. 11; Mlynczak, M. G. 11; Russell III, J. R. 12; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA; 3: Columbus Technologies Inc., Pasadena, CA, USA; 4: Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Ontario, Canada; 5: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 6: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 7: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK; 8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; 9: Leibniz-Institute for Marine Sciences at Kiel University (IFM-GEOMAR), Kiel, Germany; 10: School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 12: Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p505; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Fourier transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, J. P.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Cuomo, V.
AU  - Larar, A. M.
AU  - Zhou, D. K.
AU  - Serio, C.
AU  - Maestri, T.
AU  - Rizzi, R.
AU  - Newman, S.
AU  - Antonelli, P.
AU  - Mango, S.
AU  - Di Girolamo, P.
AU  - Esposito, F.
AU  - Grieco, G.
AU  - Summa, D.
AU  - Restieri, R.
AU  - Masiello, G.
AU  - Romano, F.
AU  - Pappalardo, G.
AU  - Pavese, G.
T1  - EAQUATE: An International Experiment For Hyperspectral Atmospheric Sounding Validation.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 218
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The international experiment called the European Aqua Thermodynamic Experiment (EAQUATE) was held in September 2004 in Italy and the United Kingdom to validate Aqua satellite Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiance measurements and derived products with certain groundbased and airborne systems useful for validating hyperspectral satellite sounding observations. A range of flights over land and marine surfaces were conducted to coincide with overpasses of the AIRS instrument on the Earth Observing System Aqua platform. Direct radiance evaluation of AIRS using National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) and the Scanning High-Resolution Infrared Sounder has shown excellent agreement. Comparisons of level-2 retrievals of temperature and water vapor from AIRS and NAST-I validated against high-quality lidar and dropsonde data show that the 1-K/1-km and 10%/1-km requirements for temperature and water vapor (respectively) are generally being met. The EAQUATE campaign has proven the need for synergistic measurements from a range of observing systems for satellite calibration/validation and has paved the way for future calibration/validation activities in support of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on the European Meteorological Operational platform and Gross-Track Infrared Sounder on the NPOESS Prepatory Project platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - Surface area
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Temperature measurements
KW  - Great Britain
N1  - Accession Number: 31459524; Taylor, J. P. 1; Email Address: jonathan.p.taylor@metoffice.gov.uk; Smith, W. L. 2,3; Cuomo, V. 4; Larar, A. M. 5; Zhou, D. K. 5; Serio, C. 6; Maestri, T. 7; Rizzi, R. 7; Newman, S. 1; Antonelli, P. 8; Mango, S. 9; Di Girolamo, P. 6; Esposito, F. 6; Grieco, G. 6; Summa, D. 6; Restieri, R. 6; Masiello, G. 6; Romano, F. 4; Pappalardo, G. 4; Pavese, G. 4; Affiliations: 1: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom; 2: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 4: Istituto di Metodologie per I'Analisi Ambientale, CNR, Tito Scalo, Italy; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 6: Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente, University of Basiiicata, Potenza, Italy; 7: Physics Department, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 8: Mediterranean Agency for Remote Sensing, Benevento, Italy; 9: NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 89 Issue 2, p203; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: Surface area; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Subject: Great Britain; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-89-2-203
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kincaid, Rex K.
AU  - Easterling, Catherine
AU  - Jeske, Meagan
T1  - Computational experiments with heuristics for two nature reserve site selection problems
JO  - Computers & Operations Research
JF  - Computers & Operations Research
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 499
EP  - 512
SN  - 03050548
AB  - Abstract: Nature reserve site selection has become critical as the human population grows and environmentalists seek ways to preserve species and their natural habitats. Simple tabu searches are developed and tested for two reserve site selection models—the maximal covering species problem and the maximal expected covering problem. The testbed is an Oregon terrestrial vertebrate data set composed of 426 species and 441 hexagonal sites. In addition, an extension to a linearized version of the maximal expected covering problem is proposed and tested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Operations Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOCATION analysis
KW  - NATURAL areas
KW  - ENVIRONMENTALISTS
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - Heuristics
KW  - Location problems
KW  - Tabu search
N1  - Accession Number: 25751011; Kincaid, Rex K. 1; Email Address: rrkinc@math.wm.edu; Easterling, Catherine 2; Jeske, Meagan 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mathematics, The College of William and Mary, USA; 2: Lockheed Martin, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; 3: Scitor Corporation, 2 Eaton St. Suite 705, Hampton, VA 23669, USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p499; Thesaurus Term: LOCATION analysis; Subject Term: NATURAL areas; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTALISTS; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Heuristics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Location problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tabu search; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cor.2006.03.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Jason M.
AU  - Green, Stefan J.
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl A.
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
T1  - Shifts in methanogen community structure and function associated with long-term manipulation of sulfate and salinity in a hypersaline microbial mat.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 386
EP  - 394
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Methanogenesis was characterized in hypersaline microbial mats from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico both in situ and after long-term manipulation in a greenhouse environment. Substrate addition experiments indicate methanogenesis to occur primarily through the catabolic demethylation of non-competitive substrates, under field conditions. However, evidence for the coexistence of other metabolic guilds of methanogens was obtained during a previous manipulation of sulfate concentrations. To fully characterize methanogenesis in these mats, in the absence of competition for reducing equivalents with sulfate-reducing microorganisms, we maintained microbial mats for longer than 1 year under conditions of lowered sulfate and salinity levels. The goal of this study was to assess whether observed differences in methane production during sulfate and salinity manipulation were accompanied by shifts in the composition of methanogen communities. Culture-independent techniques targeting methyl coenzyme M reductase genes ( mcrA) were used to assess the dynamics of methanogen assemblages. Clone libraries from mats sampled in situ or maintained at field-like conditions in the greenhouse were exclusively composed of sequences related to methylotrophic members of the Methanosarcinales. Increases in pore water methane concentrations under conditions of low sulfate correlated with an observed increase in the abundance of putatively hydrogenotrophic mcrA, related to Methanomicrobiales. Geochemical and molecular data provide evidence of a significant shift in the metabolic pathway of methanogenesis from a methylotroph-dominated system in high-sulfate environments to a mixed community of methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens under low sulfate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Microbial aggregation
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Fungus-bacterium relationships
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Bacteriology
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Methanogens
N1  - Accession Number: 28326388; Smith, Jason M. 1; Green, Stefan J. 1; Kelley, Cheryl A. 2; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 1; Bebout, Brad M. 1; Email Address: brad.m.bebout@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p386; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: Microbial aggregation; Thesaurus Term: Salinity; Thesaurus Term: Fungus-bacterium relationships; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Thesaurus Term: Bacteriology; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Subject Term: Methanogens; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01459.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Wenbo Sun
AU  - Qilong Min
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Numerical Studies of Scattering Properties of Leaves and Leaf Moisture Influences on the Scattering at Microwave Wavelengths.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
EP  - 360
SN  - 01962892
AB  - This paper uses a 3-D finite-difference time-domain method to accurately calculate the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented leaves and evaluate the influence of vegetation water content (VWC) on these properties at frequencies of 19.35 and 37.0 GHz. The studied leaves are assumed to be thin elliptical disks with two different sizes and have various VWC values. Although leaf moisture causes considerable absorption in the scattering process, the effective efficiencies of extinction and scattering of leaves essentially linearly increase with VWC, which is critical for forest remote sensing. Calculated asymmetry factors and phase functions also indicate that there is a significant amount of scattered energy at large scattering angles at microwave wavelengths. This paper can improve the modeling of the radiative transfer by vegetation canopies at the higher frequencies of the microwave spectrum, which is important for passive microwave remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - MICROWAVE remote sensing
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RADIATION damping
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Microwave propagation
KW  - scattering
KW  - vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 29434069; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov; Wenbo Sun 2; Qilong Min 3; Yongxiang Hu 1; Affiliations: 1: Sciences Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23666 USA; 3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p353; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: MICROWAVE remote sensing; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: RADIATION damping; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.912434
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Lông, David G.
AU  - Njoku, Eni G.
T1  - Stokes Antenna Temperatures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 516
EP  - 527
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The growing importance of polarimetric radiometers has led to the need for a detailed theory for Stokes antenna temperatures. In this paper, we provide a full Stokes vector formulation of an antenna temperature that accounts for the entire antenna pattern, which includes polarization mixing in the main-beam and sidelobe effects. To derive the Stokes antenna temperatures, we follow the conventional methods in the Earth remote sensing literature while relying on a coherency algebra approach from radio astronomy. Connections and parallels to the conventional approaches are noted along the way. We also introduce generalizations of beam efficiency and cross polarization for use with polarimetric radiometers. These provide important metrics in the design of future systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - RADIO astronomy
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - RADIATION measurements -- Instruments
KW  - FREE-space optical technology
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Jones matrix
KW  - Mueller matrix
KW  - polarimetry
KW  - polarization
KW  - radiometry
KW  - Stokes parameters
N1  - Accession Number: 29434084; Piepmeier, Jeffrey R. 1; Email Address: jeff.piepmeier@nasa.gov; Lông, David G. 2; Njoku, Eni G. 3; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA; 2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p516; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: RADIO astronomy; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements -- Instruments; Subject Term: FREE-space optical technology; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jones matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mueller matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stokes parameters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.909597
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Oliker, Leonid
T1  - PREFACE.
JO  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
JF  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Y1  - 2008///Spring2008
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 4
SN  - 10943420
AB  - A preface for the February 2008 issue of "The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications" is presented.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - COMPUTER systems
N1  - Accession Number: 31170779; Biswas, Rupak 1; Oliker, Leonid 2; Source Information: Spring2008, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p3; Subject: PREFACES & forewords; Subject: COMPUTER systems; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1 094342007008501 3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hood, Robert
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Chang, Johnny
AU  - Djomehri, M. Jahed
AU  - Haoqiang Jin
T1  - BENCHMARKING THE COLUMBIA SUPERCLUSTER.
JO  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
JF  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Y1  - 2008///Spring2008
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 112
SN  - 10943420
AB  - The article reports on the study of the performance of the 10,240-processor supercluster and supercomputer called "Columbia" in the Ames Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in Moffett Field, California. The study examines the performance characteristics of Columbia's production subclusters with 512 to 2048 processors. It also measures the floating-point performance, memory bandwidth, and message passing communication speeds of the Columbia. The study uses the HPC challenge benchmarks, NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) parallel benchmarks, and the computational fluid dynamics application in the performance evaluation of the Columbia.
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - SUPERCLUSTERS
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMES Research Center
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management) -- Software
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - computational fluid dynamics
KW  - HPC Challenge benchmarks
KW  - NAS Parallel Benchmarks
KW  - SGI Altix
N1  - Accession Number: 31170785; Hood, Robert 1; Email Address: RHOOD@MAIL.ARC.NASA.GOV; Biswas, Rupak 1; Chang, Johnny 1; Djomehri, M. Jahed 1; Haoqiang Jin 1; Source Information: Spring2008, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p97; Subject: COMPUTER systems; Subject: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject: SUPERCLUSTERS; Subject: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject: AMES Research Center; Subject: BENCHMARKING (Management) -- Software; Geographic Terms: CALIFORNIA; UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPC Challenge benchmarks; Author-Supplied Keyword: NAS Parallel Benchmarks; Author-Supplied Keyword: SGI Altix; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1094342006085021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nakano, Aiichiro
AU  - Kalia, Rajiv K.
AU  - Nomura, Ken-ichi
AU  - Sharma, Ashish
AU  - Vashishta, Priya
AU  - Shimojo, Fuyuki
AU  - Van Duin, Adri C. T.
AU  - Goddard III, William A.
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
AU  - Yang, Lin H.
T1  - DE NOVO ULTRASCALE ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS ON HIGH-END PARALLEL SUPERCOMPUTERS.
JO  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
JF  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Y1  - 2008///Spring2008
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 113
EP  - 128
SN  - 10943420
AB  - The article reports on the de novo hierarchical simulation framework on high-end parallel supercomputers and clusters. The framework contains a high-end chemically reactive and non-reactive molecular dynamics simulations. It also includes an embedded divide-and-conquer algorithmic framework for linear-scaling simulation algorithms with minimal bandwidth complexity and tight error control. The framework also provides an adaptive hierarchical simulation with automated model transitioning aided by graph-based event tracking.
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Software
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - density functional theory
KW  - grid computing
KW  - hierarchical simulation
KW  - molecular dynamics
KW  - parallel computing
KW  - quantum mechanics
KW  - reactive force field
N1  - Accession Number: 31170786; Nakano, Aiichiro 1; Email Address: ANAKANO@USC.EDU; Kalia, Rajiv K. 1; Nomura, Ken-ichi 1; Sharma, Ashish 1,2; Vashishta, Priya 1; Shimojo, Fuyuki 1,3; Van Duin, Adri C. T. 4; Goddard III, William A. 4; Biswas, Rupak 5; Srivastava, Deepak 5; Yang, Lin H. 6; Source Information: Spring2008, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p113; Subject: COMPUTER systems; Subject: STRUCTURAL frames; Subject: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject: ALGORITHMS -- Software; Subject: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject: ALGORITHMS; Subject: BANDWIDTHS; Subject: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: density functional theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: grid computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: hierarchical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: parallel computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantum mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: reactive force field; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1094342007085015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kondragunta, S.
AU  - Lee, P.
AU  - McQueen, J.
AU  - Kittaka, C.
AU  - Prados, A. I.
AU  - Ciren, P.
AU  - Laszlo, I.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Hoff, R.
AU  - Szykman, J. J.
T1  - Air Quality Forecast Verification Using Satellite Data.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 425
EP  - 442
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - NOAA’s operational geostationary satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depths (AODs) were used to verify National Weather Service developmental (research mode) particulate matter (PM2.5) predictions tested during the summer 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation/New England Air Quality Study (ICARTT/NEAQS) field campaign. The forecast period included long-range transport of smoke from fires burning in Canada and Alaska and a regional-scale sulfate event over the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern United States. Over the 30-day time period for which daytime hourly forecasts were compared with observations, the categorical (exceedance defined as AOD > 0.55) forecast accuracy was between 0% and 20%. Hourly normalized mean bias (forecasts - observations) ranged between -50% and +50% with forecasts being positively biased when observed AODs were small and negatively biased when observed AODs were high. Normalized mean errors are between 50% and 100% with the errors on the lower end during the 18–22 July 2004 time period when a regional-scale sulfate event occurred. Spatially, the errors are small over the regions where sulfate plumes were present. The correlation coefficient also showed similar features (spatially and temporally) with a peak value of ∼0.6 during the 18–22 July 2004 time period. The dominance of long-range transport of smoke into the United States during the summer of 2004, neglected in the model predictions, skewed the model forecast performance. Enhanced accuracy and reduced normalized mean errors during the time period when a sulfate event prevailed show that the forecast system has skill in predicting PM2.5 associated with urban/industrial pollution events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atmosphere -- Research
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Weather Service
N1  - Accession Number: 31549059; Kondragunta, S. 1; Email Address: shobha.kondragunta@noaa.gov; Lee, P. 2; McQueen, J. 3; Kittaka, C. 4; Prados, A. I. 5; Ciren, P. 6; Laszlo, I. 1; Pierce, R. B. 1; Hoff, R. 7; Szykman, J. J. 8; Affiliations: 1: NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Camp Springs, Maryland; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, Camp Springs, Maryland; 3: NOAA/NWS/National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, Maryland; 4: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Norfolk, Virginia; 6: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 7: QSS, Inc., Camp Springs, Maryland; 8: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p425; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere -- Research; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Weather Service; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAMC1392.1
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Brian
AU  - Turner, Travis L.
AU  - Seelecke, Stefan
T1  - Measurement and Prediction of the Thermomechanical Response of Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Composite Beams.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 143
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - An experimental and numerical investigation into the static and dynamic responses of shape memory alloy hybrid composite (SMAHC) beams is performed to provide quantitative validation of a recently commercialized numerical analysis/design tool for SMAHC structures. The SMAHC beam specimens consist of a composite matrix with embedded pre-strained SMA actuators, which act against the mechanical boundaries of the structure when thermally activated to adaptively stiffen the structure. Numerical results are produced from the numerical model as implemented into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS. A rigorous experimental investigation is undertaken to acquire high fidelity measurements including infrared thermography and projection moire interferometry for full-field temperature and displacement measurements, respectively. High fidelity numerical results are also obtained from the numerical model and include measured parameters, such as geometric imperfection and thermal load. Excellent agreement is achieved between the predicted and measured results of the static and dynamic thermomechanical response, thereby providing quantitative validation of the numerical tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - THERMOELASTICITY
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - embedded actuators
KW  - hybrid composites
KW  - Nitinol
KW  - nonlinear thermoelasticity
KW  - random response
KW  - shape memory alloys
KW  - thermal buckling
KW  - thermal post-buckling
N1  - Accession Number: 29963755; Davis, Brian 1; Email Address: badavis4@ncsu.edu; Turner, Travis L. 2; Seelecke, Stefan 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University Raleigh, NC 2 7695-7910, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p129; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: embedded actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitinol; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonlinear thermoelasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: random response; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal post-buckling; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.11 77/1045389X06073 172
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharpe Jr., William N.
AU  - Beheim, Glenn M.
AU  - Evans, Laura J.
AU  - Nemeth, Noel N.
AU  - Jadaan, Osama M.
T1  - Fracture Strength of Single-Crystal Silicon Carbide Microspecimens at 24 °C and 1000 °C.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
J1  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
PY  - 2008/02//
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 244
EP  - 254
SN  - 10577157
AB  - Three shapes of silicon carbide tensile specimens were tested-curved with a low stress-concentration factor and straight with a circular hole or an elliptical hole. The nominal thickness was 125 µm with a net section that is 100-µm wide; the overall length of these microspecimens was 3.1 mm. They were fabricated by an improved version of deep reactive ion etching, which produced specimens with smooth sidewalls and cross sections having a slightly trapezoidal shape that was exaggerated inside the holes. The novel test setup used a vertical load train extending into a resistance furnace. The specimens had wedge-shaped ends which fit into ceramic grips. The fixed grip was mounted on a ceramic post, and the movable grip was connected to a load cell and actuator outside the furnace with a ceramic-encased nichrome wire. The same arrangement was used for tests at 24 °C and at 1000 °C. The strengths of the curved specimens for two batches of material (made with slightly different processes) were 0.66 ± 0.12 and 0.45 ± 0.20 GPa, respectively, at 24 °C with identical values at 1000 °C. The fracture strengths of the circular-hole and elliptical-hole specimens (computed from the stress-concentration factors and measured loads at failure) were approximately 1.2 GPa with slight decreases at the higher temperature. Fractographic examinations showed failures initiating on the surface-primarily at corners. Weibull predictions of fracture strengths for the hole specimens based on the properties of the curved specimens were reasonably effective for the circular holes but not for the elliptical holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - FRACTOGRAPHY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ACTUATORS
N1  - Accession Number: 31156308; Source Information: Feb2008, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p244; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: FRACTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 15 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2007.912727
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Talbot, Helen M.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Cockell, Charles S.
AU  - Rohmer, Michel
AU  - Farrimond, Paul
T1  - Cyanobacterial bacteriohopanepolyol signatures from cultures and natural environmental settings
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 232
EP  - 263
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Abstract: Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous, ecologically important and phylogenetically diverse components of the phytoplankton of marine and freshwater environments, as well as some extreme settings such as hot springs, and highly saline and ice covered lakes. They have also been shown to be amongst the most prolific sources of bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs; pentacyclic triterpenoids produced by taxa within the bacterial domain and especially in the proteobacteria) and are considered to be the most environmentally significant source of C-2 methylated hopanoids. The compounds therefore have the potential for wide application in studies of the contemporary marine carbon cycle as well as providing a means of tracking cyanobacteria back through geological history where organic matter is well preserved. Here, we have used liquid chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry to investigate the intact BHP distributions in cultured cyanobacteria (pure cultures and enrichment cultures) and in a variety of environmental settings. We present data on the detection and characterisation of BHP structures in 26 cultured cyanobacteria (ranging from marine and freshwater species to isolates from hydrothermal systems), 10 of which have not been tested for hopanoid production. Of the 58 strains of cyanobacteria studied to date, 49 have been shown to produce BHPs and 21 of them produce C-2 methylated BHPs. We show that, paradoxically, hopanoid production appears to be absent from the most prolific marine picocyanobacteria, although two important marine nitrogen fixing species, Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera, do produce BHPs. The diversity of BHP distributions in a range of environmental samples, including lake sediments, bacterial mats from lakes and hydrothermal springs, and samples from hot and cold deserts, including endoliths, hypoliths and small stromatolitic structures is also described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Prokaryotes
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Radioactive pollution of water
KW  - Mass spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 29960193; Talbot, Helen M. 1; Email Address: h.m.talbot@ncl.ac.uk; Summons, Roger E. 2; Jahnke, Linda L. 3; Cockell, Charles S. 4; Rohmer, Michel 5; Farrimond, Paul 1,6; Affiliations: 1: School of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, University of Newcastle, Drummond Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK; 2: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary and Space Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue E34-246, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Science, CEPSAR, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; 5: Université Louis Pasteur/CNRS, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France; 6: Integrated Geochemical Interpretation, Hallsannery, Bideford, Devon EX39 5HE, UK; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p232; Thesaurus Term: Prokaryotes; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Radioactive pollution of water; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Titus, Timothy N.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Prettyman, Thomas H.
T1  - Introduction to planetary and space science special issue: Mars polar processes
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 147
EP  - 149
SN  - 00320633
N1  - Accession Number: 28753055; Titus, Timothy N. 1; Email Address: ttitus@usgs.gov; Colaprete, Anthony 2; Prettyman, Thomas H. 3; Affiliations: 1: USGS, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p147; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Barnes, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Montmessin, Franck
T1  - CO2 clouds, CAPE and convection on Mars: Observations and general circulation modeling
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 150
EP  - 180
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The thermal emission spectrometer (TES) and the radio science (RS) experiment flying on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft have made observations of atmospheric temperatures below the saturation temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2). This supersaturated air provides a source of convective available potential energy (CAPE), which, when realized may result in vigorous convective mixing. To this point, most Mars atmospheric models have assumed vertical mixing only when the dry adiabatic lapse rate is exceeded. Mixing associated with the formation of CO2 clouds could have a profound effect on the vertical structure of the polar night, altering the distribution of temperature, aerosols, and gasses. Presented in this work are estimates of the total planetary inventory of CAPE and the potential convective energy flux (PCEF) derived from RS and TES temperature profiles. A new Mars Global Circulation Model (MGCM) CO2 cloud model is developed to better understand the distribution of observed CAPE and its potential effect on Martian polar dynamics and heat exchange, as well as effects on the climate as a whole. The new CO2 cloud model takes into account the necessary cloud microphysics that allow for supersaturation to occur and includes a parameterization for CO2 cloud convection. It is found that when CO2 cloud convective mixing is included, model results are in much better agreement with the observations of the total integrated CAPE as well as total column non-condensable gas concentrations presented by Sprague et al. [2005a, GRS measurements of Ar in Mars’ atmosphere, American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #37, #24.08, and 2005b, Distribution and Abundance of Mars’ Atmospheric Argon, 36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, #2085] When the radiative effects of water ice clouds are included the agreement is further improved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Convection
KW  - GCM
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 28753056; Colaprete, Anthony 1; Email Address: tonyc@freeze.arc.nasa.gov; Barnes, Jeffrey R. 2; Haberle, Robert M. 1; Montmessin, Franck 3; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Systems Branch, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; 2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; 3: Service d'Aeronomie, CNRS/IPSL, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p150; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Forget, Francois
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Schaeffer, James
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Kelly, Nora J.
AU  - Chamberlain, Matthew A.
T1  - The effect of ground ice on the Martian seasonal CO2 cycle
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 255
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The mostly carbon dioxide (CO2) atmosphere of Mars condenses and sublimes in the polar regions, giving rise to the familiar waxing and waning of its polar caps. The signature of this seasonal CO2 cycle has been detected in surface pressure measurements from the Viking and Pathfinder landers. The amount of CO2 that condenses during fall and winter is controlled by the net polar energy loss, which is dominated by emitted infrared radiation from the cap itself. However, models of the CO2 cycle match the surface pressure data only if the emitted radiation is artificially suppressed suggesting that they are missing a heat source. Here we show that the missing heat source is the conducted energy coming from soil that contains water ice very close to the surface. The presence of ice significantly increases the thermal conductivity of the ground such that more of the solar energy absorbed at the surface during summer is conducted downward into the ground where it is stored and released back to the surface during fall and winter thereby retarding the CO2 condensation rate. The reduction in the condensation rate is very sensitive to the depth of the soil/ice interface, which our models suggest is about 8cm in the Northern Hemisphere and 11cm in the Southern Hemisphere. This is consistent with the detection of significant amounts of polar ground ice by the Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer and provides an independent means for assessing how close to the surface the ice must be. Our results also provide an accurate determination of the global annual mean size of the atmosphere and cap CO2 reservoirs, which are, respectively, 6.1 and 0.9hPa. They also indicate that general circulation models will need to account for the effect of ground ice in their simulations of the seasonal CO2 cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Carbon compounds
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - CO2 cycle
KW  - Ground ice
KW  - Mars
KW  - Polar caps
N1  - Accession Number: 28753062; Haberle, Robert M. 1; Email Address: Robert.M.Haberle@nasa.gov; Forget, Francois 2; Colaprete, Anthony 1; Schaeffer, James 3; Boynton, William V. 4; Kelly, Nora J. 4; Chamberlain, Matthew A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Paris 6 BP99, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France; 3: QSSS/Raytheon Corp., Palo Alto, CA, USA; 4: Deptartment of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p251; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon compounds; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar caps; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ern, M.
AU  - Preusse, P.
AU  - Krebsbach, M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
T1  - Equatorial wave analysis from SABER and ECMWF temperatures.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/02/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 845
EP  - 869
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Equatorial planetary scale wave modes such as Kelvin waves or Rossby-gravity waves are excited by convective processes in the troposphere. In this paper an analysis for these and other equatorial wave modes is carried out with special focus on the stratosphere using temperature data from the SABER satellite instrument as well as ECMWF temperatures. Space-time spectra of symmetric and antisymmetric spectral power are derived to separate the different equatorial wave types and the contribution of gravity waves is determined from the spectral background of the space-time spectra. Both gravity waves and equatorial planetary scale wave modes are main drivers of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the stratosphere. Temperature variances attributed to the different wave types are calculated for the period from February 2002 until March 2006 and compared to previous findings. A comparison between SABER and ECMWF wave analyses shows that in the lower stratosphere SABER and ECMWF spectra and temperature variances agree remarkably well while in the upper stratosphere ECMWF tends to overestimate Kelvin wave components. Gravity wave variances are partly reproduced by ECMWF but have a significant low-bias. For the examples of a QBO westerly phase (October-December 2004) and a QBO easterly phase (November/December 2005, period of the SCOUT-O3 tropical aircraft campaign in Darwin/Australia) in the lower stratosphere we find qualitatively good agreement between SABER and ECMWF in the longitude-time distribution of Kelvin, Rossby (n=1), and Rossby-gravity waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Wave analysis
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Australia
N1  - Accession Number: 31198375; Ern, M. 1; Email Address: m.ern@fz-juelich.de; Preusse, P. 1; Krebsbach, M. 1,2; Mlynczak, M. G. 3; Russell III, J. M. 4; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-1), Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany; 2: Department of Physics, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany; 3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p845; Thesaurus Term: Hydrodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Subject Term: Wave analysis; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Subject: Australia; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomason, L.W.
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Luo, B.-P.
AU  - Peter, T.
T1  - SAGE II measurements of stratospheric aerosol properties at non-volcanic levels.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/02/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 983
EP  - 995
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Since 2000, stratospheric aerosol levels have been relatively stable and at the lowest levels observed in the historical record. Given the challenges of making satellite measurements of aerosol properties at these levels, we have performed a study of the sensitivity of the product to the major components of the processing algorithm used in the production of SAGE II aerosol extinction measurements and the retrieval process that produces the operational surface area density (SAD) product. We find that the aerosol extinction measurements, particularly at 1020 nm, remain robust and reliable at the observed aerosol levels. On the other hand, during background periods, the SAD operational product has an uncertainty of at least a factor of 2 due to the lack of sensitivity to particles with radii less than 100 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Surface area
N1  - Accession Number: 31198382; Thomason, L.W. 1; Email Address: l.w.thomason@larc.nasa.gov; Burton, S. P. 2; Luo, B.-P. 3; Peter, T. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p983; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Surface area; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yilmaz, M. Tugrul
AU  - Hunt, E. Raymond
AU  - Goins, Lyssa D.
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
AU  - Vanderbilt, Vern C.
AU  - Jackson, Thomas J.
T1  - Vegetation water content during SMEX04 from ground data and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/02/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 350
EP  - 362
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Vegetation water content is an important parameter for retrieval of soil moisture from microwave data and for other remote sensing applications. Because liquid water absorbs in the shortwave infrared, the normalized difference infrared index (NDII), calculated from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper band 4 (0.76–0.90 μm wavelength) and band 5 (1.55–1.65 μm wavelength), can be used to determine canopy equivalent water thickness (EWT), which is defined as the water volume per leaf area times the leaf area index (LAI). Alternatively, average canopy EWT can be determined using a landcover classification, because different vegetation types have different average LAI at the peak of the growing season. The primary contribution of this study for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 was to sample vegetation for the Arizona and Sonora study areas. Vegetation was sampled to achieve a range of canopy EWT; LAI was measured using a plant canopy analyzer and digital hemispherical (fisheye) photographs. NDII was linearly related to measured canopy EWT with an R 2 of 0.601. Landcover of the Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico, study areas were classified with an overall accuracy of 70% using a rule-based decision tree using three dates of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery and digital elevation data. There was a large range of NDII per landcover class at the peak of the growing season, indicating that canopy EWT should be estimated directly using NDII or other shortwave-infrared vegetation indices. However, landcover classifications will still be necessary to obtain total vegetation water content from canopy EWT and other data, because considerable liquid water is contained in the non-foliar components of vegetation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Plant canopies
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Soil physics
KW  - Decision trees
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Arizona
KW  - Sonora (Mexico : State)
KW  - Mexico
KW  - Decision tree classification
KW  - Equivalent water thickness
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Normalized difference infrared index
KW  - Soil Moisture Experiment 2004
N1  - Accession Number: 28396771; Yilmaz, M. Tugrul 1; Hunt, E. Raymond 1; Email Address: Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov; Goins, Lyssa D. 2; Ustin, Susan L. 3; Vanderbilt, Vern C. 4; Jackson, Thomas J. 1; Affiliations: 1: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville MD, USA; 2: Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA; 3: Department of Land Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis CA, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA, USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p350; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Plant canopies; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Soil physics; Subject Term: Decision trees; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject: Arizona; Subject: Sonora (Mexico : State); Subject: Mexico; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision tree classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent water thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Normalized difference infrared index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil Moisture Experiment 2004; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
AU  - Riaño, David
AU  - Vanderbilt, Vern C.
T1  - Water content estimation from hyperspectral images and MODIS indexes in Southeastern Arizona
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/02/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
EP  - 374
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Hyperspectral water retrievals from AVIRIS data, equivalent water thickness (EWT), were compared to in situ leaf water content and LAI measurements at a semiarid site in southeastern Arizona. Retrievals of EWT showed good correlation with field canopy water content measurements. Statistical analysis suggested that EWT was significantly different among seven community types, from savanna to agriculture. Four band–ratio indexes (NDVI, EVI, NDWI, and NDII) were derived from MODIS showing strong spatial agreement between maps of AVIRIS EWT and MODIS indexes, and good statistical agreement for the range of habitats at the site. Temporal patterns of these four indexes in all vegetation communities except creosote bush and agriculture showed distinct seasonal patterns that responded to the timing and amount of precipitation. Moreover, these time series captured different ecological responses among the different vegetation communities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Creosote bush
KW  - Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - Arizona
KW  - AVIRIS
KW  - Equivalent water thickness
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Vegetation index
KW  - Water content
N1  - Accession Number: 28396772; Cheng, Yen-Ben 1; Email Address: ybcheng@cstars.ucdavis.edu; Ustin, Susan L. 1; Riaño, David 1,2; Vanderbilt, Vern C. 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing (CSTARS), Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources (LAWR), University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA; 2: Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Alcalá. Colegios 2., E-28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Feb2008, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p363; Thesaurus Term: Creosote bush; Thesaurus Term: Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Thesaurus Term: Habitat (Ecology); Thesaurus Term: Agriculture; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Subject: Arizona; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVIRIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent water thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water content; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.01.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kahn, B. H.
AU  - Chahine, M. T.
AU  - Stephens, G. L.
AU  - Mace, G. G.
AU  - Marchand, R. T.
AU  - Wang, Z.
AU  - Barnet, C. D.
AU  - Eldering, A.
AU  - Holz, R. E.
AU  - Kuehn, R. E.
AU  - Vane, D. G.
T1  - Cloud type comparisons of AIRS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO cloud height and amount.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1231
EP  - 1248
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The precision of the two-layer cloud height fields derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is explored and quantified for a five-day set of observations. Coincident profiles of vertical cloud structure by Cloud Sat, a 94 GHz profiling radar, and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), are compared to AIRS for a wide range of cloud types. Bias and variability in cloud height differences are shown to have dependence on cloud type, height, and amount, as well as whether Cloud Sat or CALIPSO is used as the comparison standard. The Cloud Sat-AIRS biases and variability range from -4.3 to 0.5±1.2-3.6 km for all cloud types. Likewise, the CALIPSO-AIRS biases range from 0.6-3.0±1.2-3.6 km (-5.8 to -0.2±0.5-2.7 km) for clouds ⩾7 km (<7 km). The upper layer of AIRS has the greatest sensitivity to Altocumulus, Altostratus, Cirrus, Cumulonimbus, and Nimbostratus, whereas the lower layer has the greatest sensitivity to Cumulus and Stratocumulus. Although the bias and variability generally decrease with increasing cloud amount, the ability of AIRS to constrain cloud occurrence, height, and amount is demonstrated across all cloud types for many geophysical conditions. In particular, skill is demonstrated for thin Cirrus, as well as some Cumulus and Stratocumulus, cloud types infrared sounders typically struggle to quantify. Furthermore, some improvements in the AIRS Version 5 operational retrieval algorithm are demonstrated. However, limitations in AIRS cloud retrievals are also revealed, including the existence of spurious Cirrus near the tropopause and low cloud layers within Cumulonimbus and Nimbostratus clouds. Likely causes of spurious clouds are identified and the potential for further improvement is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Infrared sources
KW  - Spectrometers
N1  - Accession Number: 31198398; Kahn, B. H. 1; Email Address: brian.h.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov; Chahine, M. T. 1; Stephens, G. L. 2; Mace, G. G. 3; Marchand, R. T. 4; Wang, Z. 5; Barnet, C. D. 6; Eldering, A. 1; Holz, R. E. 7; Kuehn, R. E. 8; Vane, D. G. 1; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; 3: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 4: Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; 6: NOAA – NESDIS, Silver Springs, MD, USA; 7: CIMSS – University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p1231; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Infrared sources; Subject Term: Spectrometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gu, Lianhong
AU  - Hanson, Paul J.
AU  - Mac Post, W.
AU  - Kaiser, Dale P.
AU  - Yang, Bai
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Pallardy, Stephen G.
AU  - Meyers, Tilden
T1  - The 2007 Eastern US Spring Freeze: Increased Cold Damage in a Warming World?
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 253
EP  - 262
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Plant ecologists have long been concerned with a seemingly paradoxical scenario in the relationship between plant growth and climate change: warming may actually increase the risk of plant frost damage. The underlying hypothesis is that mild winters and warm, early springs, which are expected to occur as the climate warms, may induce premature plant development, resulting in exposure of vulnerable plant tissues and organs to subsequent late-season frosts. The 2007 spring freeze in the eastern United States provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate this hypothesis and assess its large-scale consequences. In this article, we contrast the rapid prefreeze phenological advancement caused by unusually warm conditions with the dramatic postfreeze setback, and report complicated patterns of freeze damage to plants. The widespread devastation of crops and natural vegetation occasioned by this event demonstrates the need to consider large fluctuations in spring temperatures a real threat to terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning in a warming climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BioScience is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Plant development
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - climate warming
KW  - extreme temperature fluctuation
KW  - frost damage
KW  - plant phenology
N1  - Accession Number: 31417503; Gu, Lianhong 1; Email Address: lianhong-gu@ornl.gov; Hanson, Paul J. 1; Mac Post, W. 1; Kaiser, Dale P. 1; Yang, Bai 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna 2; Pallardy, Stephen G. 3; Meyers, Tilden 4; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Sciences Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; 2: Ecosystem Science and Technology at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California; 3: Department of Forestry, University of Missouri in Columbia; 4: Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division,  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p253; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Plant growth; Thesaurus Term: Plant development; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: extreme temperature fluctuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: frost damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant phenology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5972
L3  - 10.1641/BS80311
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cassady, R. Joseph
AU  - Frisbee, Robert H.
AU  - Gilland, James H.
AU  - Houts, Michael G.
AU  - LaPointe, Michael R.
AU  - Maresse-Reading, Colleen M.
AU  - Oleson, Steven R.
AU  - Polk, James E.
AU  - Russell, Derrek
AU  - Sengupta, Anita
T1  - Recent advances in nuclear powered electric propulsion for space exploration
JO  - Energy Conversion & Management
JF  - Energy Conversion & Management
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 412
EP  - 435
SN  - 01968904
AB  - Abstract: Nuclear and radioisotope powered electric thrusters are being developed as primary in space propulsion systems for potential future robotic and piloted space missions. Possible applications for high-power nuclear electric propulsion include orbit raising and maneuvering of large space platforms, lunar and Mars cargo transport, asteroid rendezvous and sample return, and robotic and piloted planetary missions, while lower power radioisotope electric propulsion could significantly enhance or enable some future robotic deep space science missions. This paper provides an overview of recent US high-power electric thruster research programs, describing the operating principles, challenges, and status of each technology. Mission analysis is presented that compares the benefits and performance of each thruster type for high priority NASA missions. The status of space nuclear power systems for high-power electric propulsion is presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of power and thruster development strategies for future radioisotope electric propulsion systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Energy Conversion & Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radioisotopes
KW  - Space sciences
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Electric propulsion
KW  - Electromagnetic
KW  - Electrostatic
KW  - Nuclear
KW  - Plasma
KW  - Space propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 28768365; Cassady, R. Joseph 1; Frisbee, Robert H. 2; Gilland, James H. 3; Houts, Michael G. 4; LaPointe, Michael R. 4; Email Address: michael.r.lapointe@nasa.gov; Maresse-Reading, Colleen M. 2; Oleson, Steven R. 5; Polk, James E. 2; Russell, Derrek 6; Sengupta, Anita 2; Affiliations: 1: Aerojet Corp., Redmond, CA, United States; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States; 3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States; 4: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, United States; 5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; 6: Northrop Grumman Space Technology, Redondo Beach, CA, United States; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p412; Thesaurus Term: Radioisotopes; Subject Term: Space sciences; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.10.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silk, Eric A.
AU  - Golliher, Eric L.
AU  - Paneer Selvam, R.
T1  - Spray cooling heat transfer: Technology overview and assessment of future challenges for micro-gravity application
JO  - Energy Conversion & Management
JF  - Energy Conversion & Management
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 453
EP  - 468
SN  - 01968904
AB  - Abstract: Advanced on-board flight systems for future NASA space exploration programs consist of components such as laser-diode arrays (LDA’s) and multi-chip modules (MCM’s). Thermal management of these systems require high heat flux cooling capability (⩾100W/cm2), tight temperature control (approx. ±2°C), reliable start-up (on demand) and long term stability. Traditional multiphase thermal control technologies for space flight (e.g., loop heat pipes, capillary pumped loops, etc.) satisfy the temperature control, start-up and stability requirements, but their heat flux removal capabilities are limited. Spray cooling can provide high heat fluxes in excess of 100W/cm2 using fluorinerts and over 1000W/cm2 with water while allowing tight temperature control at low coolant fluid flow rates. Spray cooling has been flight proven in an open loop configuration through the Space shuttle’s flash evaporator system (FES). However, several closed system issues require investigation to further advance the technology to a technology readiness level (TRL) appropriate for closed system space flight application. This paper provides a discussion of the current status of spray cooling technology as well as NASA’s goals, current direction, and challenges associated with the implementation and practice of this technology in the micro-gravity environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Energy Conversion & Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Evaporators
KW  - Cooling
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Micro-gravity
KW  - Spray cooling
KW  - Technology development
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28768367; Silk, Eric A. 1; Email Address: Eric.A.Silk@nasa.gov; Golliher, Eric L. 2; Paneer Selvam, R. 3; Email Address: rps@uark.edu; Affiliations: 1: Thermal Engineering Technology Development Group, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: Power Electronics Leveling Solutions LLC and Computational Mechanics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p453; Subject Term: Evaporators; Subject Term: Cooling; Subject Term: Heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micro-gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spray cooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technology development ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.07.046
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fleming, Erich D.
AU  - Castenholz, Richard W.
T1  - Effects of nitrogen source on the synthesis of the UV-screening compound, scytonemin, in the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 63
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 308
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 01686496
AB  - The effects of nitrogen source (N2, NO3− and NH4+) on scytonemin synthesis were investigated in the heterocystous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102. With the required UVA radiation included, Nostoc synthesized three to seven times more scytonemin while fixing nitrogen than when utilizing nitrate or ammonium. A similar increase in scytonemin synthesis occurred when nitrate or ammonium became depleted by growth and Nostoc switched to diazotrophic metabolism with the differentiation of heterocysts. In addition, UVA-exposed cultures grown in medium with both NO3− and NH4+ synthesized some scytonemin but synthesis increased when NH4+ was depleted and growth had become dependent on NO3− reduction. Although the mechanism is unclear, these results suggest that the greater the restriction in nitrogen accessibility, the greater the production of scytonemin. Perhaps the entire response may be an interaction between this restriction and a resultant sensitivity to UV radiation that acts as a cue for determining the level of scytonemin synthesis. Scytonemin is a stable UVR screening compound and appears to be synthesized by cyanobacteria as a long-term solution for reducing UVR exposure and damage, but mainly or solely, when metabolic activity is absent. It is likely that during metabolic resurgence, the presence of a dense scytonemin sheath would facilitate the recovery process without the need for active defenses against UV radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Nitrates
KW  - Ammonium
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Nostoc commune
KW  - Metabolism
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - nitrogen fixation
KW  - nitrogen source
KW  - Nostoc punctiforme
KW  - scytonemin
KW  - UV radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 28807950; Fleming, Erich D. 1,2; Email Address: erich.fleming@gmail.com; Castenholz, Richard W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 63 Issue 3, p301; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates; Thesaurus Term: Ammonium; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Nostoc commune; Subject Term: Metabolism; Subject Term: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen fixation; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen source; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nostoc punctiforme; Author-Supplied Keyword: scytonemin; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00432.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panciera, Rocco
AU  - Walker, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Kalma, Jetse D.
AU  - Kim, Edward J.
AU  - Hacker, Jorg M.
AU  - Merlin, Olivier
AU  - Berger, Michael
AU  - Skou, Niels
T1  - The NAFE'05/CoSMOS Data Set: Toward SMOS Soil Moisture Retrieval, Downscaling, and Assimilation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 736
EP  - 745
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The National Airborne Field Experiment 2005 (NAFE'05) and the Campaign for validating the Operation of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (CoSMOS) were undertaken in November 2005 in the Goulburn River catchment, which is located in southeastern Australia. The objective of the joint campaign was to provide simulated Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations using airborne L-band radiometers supported by soil moisture and other relevant ground data for the following: 1) the development of SMOS soil moisture retrieval algorithms; 2) developing approaches for downscaling the low-resolution data from SMOS; and 3) testing its assimilation into land surface models for root zone soil moisture retrieval. This paper describes the NAFE'05 and CoSMOS airborne data sets together with the ground data collected in support of both aircraft campaigns. The airborne L-band acquisitions included 40 km x 40 km coverage flights at 500-rn and 1-km resolution for the simulation of a SMOS pixel, multiresolution flights with ground resolution ranging from 1 km to 62.5 m, multiangle observations, and specific flights that targeted the vegetation dew and sun glint effect on L-band soil moisture retrieval. The L-band data were accompanied by airborne thermal infrared and optical measurements. The ground data consisted of continuous soil moisture profile measurements at 18 monitoring sites throughout the 40 km x 40 km study area and extensive spatial near-surface soil moisture measurements concurrent with airborne monitoring. Additionally, data were collected on rock coverage and temperature, surface roughness, skin and soil temperatures, dew amount, and vegetation water content and biomass. These data are available at www.nafe.unimelb. edu.au. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - MICROWAVE remote sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - SOIL moisture -- Measurement
KW  - WATERSHEDS -- Australia
KW  - GOULBURN River Watershed (Vic.)
KW  - AUSTRALIA
KW  - Microwave radiometry
KW  - National Airborne Field Experiment (NAFE)
KW  - passive microwave
KW  - soil moisture
KW  - Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS)
N1  - Accession Number: 32830560; Panciera, Rocco 1; Email Address: rocco@civenv.unimelb.edu.au; Walker, Jeffrey P. 1; Kalma, Jetse D. 2; Kim, Edward J. 3; Hacker, Jorg M. 4,5; Merlin, Olivier 1; Berger, Michael 6; Skou, Niels 7,8; Affiliations: 1: The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.; 2: The School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.; 3: The Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 4: Airborne Research Australia, Salisbury South, 5106, Australia.; 5: Flinders University, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.; 6: The Science Strategy, Coordination and Planning Office (EOP-SA), European Space Agency Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy.; 7: The Danish National Space Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.; 8: The Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p736; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: MICROWAVE remote sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: SOIL moisture -- Measurement; Subject Term: WATERSHEDS -- Australia; Subject: GOULBURN River Watershed (Vic.); Subject: AUSTRALIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Airborne Field Experiment (NAFE); Author-Supplied Keyword: passive microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2008-02855-016
AN  - 2008-02855-016
AU  - Collins, Michael W.
AU  - Morris, Scott B.
T1  - Testing for adverse impact when sample size is small.
JF  - Journal of Applied Psychology
JO  - Journal of Applied Psychology
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 93
IS  - 2
SP  - 463
EP  - 471
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0021-9010
SN  - 1939-1854
AD  - Collins, Michael W., NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Mail Code AH, Houston, TX, US, 77058
N1  - Accession Number: 2008-02855-016. PMID: 18361646 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Collins, Michael W.; Institute of Psychology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, US. Release Date: 20080324. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Sample Size; Statistics; Testing; Type I Errors. Minor Descriptor: Evaluation; Statistical Significance. Classification: Statistics & Mathematics (2240). Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 9. Issue Publication Date: Mar, 2008. Publication History: Accepted Date: Aug 29, 2007; Revised Date: Jun 30, 2007; First Submitted Date: Aug 29, 2006. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2008. 
AB  - Adverse impact evaluations often call for evidence that the disparity between groups in selection rates is statistically significant, and practitioners must choose which test statistic to apply in this situation. To identify the most effective testing procedure, the authors compared several alternate test statistics in terms of Type I error rates and power, focusing on situations with small samples. Significance testing was found to be of limited value because of low power for all tests. Among the alternate test statistics, the widely-used Z-test on the difference between two proportions performed reasonably well, except when sample size was extremely small. A test suggested by G. J. G. Upton (1982) provided slightly better control of Type I error under some conditions but generally produced results similar to the Z-test. Use of the Fisher Exact Test and Yates's continuity-corrected chi-square test are not recommended because of overly conservative Type I error rates and substantially lower power than the Z-test. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - selection
KW  - adverse impact
KW  - significance testing
KW  - small sample size
KW  - tests
KW  - test statistics
KW  - error rates
KW  - 2008
KW  - Sample Size
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Testing
KW  - Type I Errors
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Statistical Significance
DO  - 10.1037/0021-9010.93.2.463
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UR  - michael.w.collins@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Chakrapani, Venkatesan
T1  - Assessment of the Visible Channel Calibrations of the VIRS on TRMM and MODIS on Aqua and Terra.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 400
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Several recent research satellites carry self-calibrating multispectral imagers that can be used for calibrating operational imagers lacking complete self-calibrating capabilities. In particular, the visible (VIS, 0.65 μm) channels on operational meteorological satellites are generally calibrated before launch, but require vicarious calibration techniques to monitor the gains and offsets once they are in orbit. To ensure that the self-calibrating instruments are performing as expected, this paper examines the consistencies between the VIS channel (channel 1) reflectances of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on the Terra and Aqua satellites and the version 5a and 6 reflectances of the Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission using a variety of techniques. These include comparisons of Terra and Aqua VIS radiances with coincident broadband shortwave radiances from the well-calibrated Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), time series of deep convective cloud (DCC) albedos, and ray-matching intercalibrations between each of the three satellites. Time series of matched Terra and VIRS data, Aqua and VIRS data, and DCC reflected fluxes reveal that an older version (version 5a, ending in early 2004) of the VIRS calibration produced a highly stable record, while the latest version (version 6) appears to overestimate the sensor gain change by ∼1% yr-1 as the result of a manually induced gain adjustment. Comparisons with the CERES shortwave radiances unearthed a sudden change in the Terra MODIS calibration that caused a 1.17% decrease in the gain on 19 November 2003 that can be easily reversed. After correction for these manual adjustments, the trends in the VIRS and Terra channels are no greater than 0.1% yr-1. Although the results were more ambiguous, no statistically significant trends were found in the Aqua MODIS channel 1 gain. The Aqua radiances are 1% greater, on average, than their Terra counterparts, and after normalization are 4.6% greater than VIRS radiances, in agreement with theoretical calculations. The discrepancy between the two MODIS instruments should be taken into account to ensure consistency between parameters derived from them. With the adjustments, any of the three instruments can serve as references for calibrating other satellites. Monitoring of the calibrations continues in near–real time and the results are available via the World Wide Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Scientific satellites
KW  - World Wide Web
KW  - Internet
KW  - Cosmos satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 31549034; Minnis, Patrick 1; Email Address: patrick.minnis-1@nasa.gov; Doelling, David R. 1; Nguyen, Louis 1; Miller, Walter F. 2; Chakrapani, Venkatesan 3; Affiliations: 1: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 3: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p385; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Subject Term: Scientific satellites; Subject Term: World Wide Web; Subject Term: Internet; Subject Term: Cosmos satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JTECHA1021.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iraci, Laura
AU  - Riffel, Brent
AU  - Robinson, Carly
AU  - Michelsen, Rebecca
AU  - Stephenson, Rachel
T1  - The acid catalyzed nitration of methanol: formation of methyl nitrate via aerosol chemistry.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 237
EP  - 238
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - A correction to the article "The acid catalyzed nitration of methanol: Formation of methyl nitrate via aerosol chemistry," by Laura T. Iraci, Brent G. Riffel and Carly B. Robinson is presented.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Methanol
N1  - Accession Number: 33373010; Iraci, Laura 1; Email Address: Laura.T.Iraci@NASA.gov; Riffel, Brent; Robinson, Carly; Michelsen, Rebecca; Stephenson, Rachel; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Science Branch , NASA Ames Research Center , Mail Stop 245-5 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p237; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Methanol; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-008-9098-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mehta, Satish K.
AU  - Tyring, Stephen K.
AU  - Gilden, Donald H.
AU  - Cohrs, Randall J.
AU  - Leal, Melanie J.
AU  - Castro, Victoria A.
AU  - Feiveson, Alan H.
AU  - Ott, C. Mark
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
T1  - Varicella-Zoster Virus in the Saliva of Patients with Herpes Zoster.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2008/03//3/1/2008
VL  - 197
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 654
EP  - 657
SN  - 00221899
AB  - Fifty-four patients with herpes zoster were treated with valacyclovir. On treatment days 1, 8, and 15, pain was scored and saliva examined for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA. VZV DNA was found in every patient the day treatment was started and later disappeared in 82%. There was a positive correlation between the presence of VZV DNA and pain and between VZV DNA copy number and pain (P<.0005). VZV DNA was present in 1 patient before rash and in 4 after pain resolved and was not present in any of 6 subjects with chronic pain or in 14 healthy subjects. Analysis of human saliva has potential usefulness in the diagnosis of neurological disease produced by VZV without rash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Herpesvirus diseases
KW  - Shingles (Disease) -- Treatment
KW  - Varicella-zoster virus
KW  - Herpesviruses
KW  - Pain
KW  - Saliva
KW  - Chronic pain
KW  - Chronic diseases
KW  - Shingles (Disease) -- Patients
N1  - Accession Number: 31661044; Mehta, Satish K. 1; Tyring, Stephen K. 2; Gilden, Donald H. 3,4; Email Address: ngilden@uchsc.edu; Cohrs, Randall J. 3; Leal, Melanie J. 1; Castro, Victoria A. 1; Feiveson, Alan H. 5; Ott, C. Mark 5; Pierson, Duane L. 5; Affiliations: 1: Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc.; 2: University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; 3: Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver; 4: Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver; 5: Space Life Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; Issue Info: 3/1/2008, Vol. 197 Issue 5, p654; Subject Term: Herpesvirus diseases; Subject Term: Shingles (Disease) -- Treatment; Subject Term: Varicella-zoster virus; Subject Term: Herpesviruses; Subject Term: Pain; Subject Term: Saliva; Subject Term: Chronic pain; Subject Term: Chronic diseases; Subject Term: Shingles (Disease) -- Patients; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1086/527420
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald
T1  - Rainbows & Ratholes: Best Practices for Managing Successful Projects by Dhanu Kothari.
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 207
EP  - 209
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 07376782
AB  - A review is presented of the book "Rainbows & Ratholes: Best Practices for Managing Successful Projects," by Dhanu Kothari.
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - KOTHARI, Dhanu
KW  - RAINBOWS & Ratholes: Best Practices for Managing Successful Projects (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 28680377; Mulenburg, Gerald 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (retired); Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p207; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: RAINBOWS & Ratholes: Best Practices for Managing Successful Projects (Book); People: KOTHARI, Dhanu; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00294_3.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hane, Carl E.
AU  - Haynes, John A.
AU  - Andra Jr., David L.
AU  - Carr, Frederick H.
T1  - The Evolution of Morning Convective Systems over the U.S. Great Plains during the Warm Season. Part II: A Climatology and the Influence of Environmental Factors.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 136
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 929
EP  - 944
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Mesoscale convective systems that affect a limited area within the southern plains of the United States during late morning hours during the warm season are investigated. A climatological study over a 5-yr period documents the initiation locations and times, tracks, associated severe weather, and relation to synoptic features over the lifetimes of 145 systems. An assessment is also made of system evolution in each case during the late morning. For a subset of 48 systems, vertical profiles of basic variables from Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model analyses are used to characterize the environment of each system. Scatter diagrams and discriminant analyses are used to assess which environmental variables are most promising in helping to determine which of two classes of evolutionary character each system will follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Great Plains -- Economic conditions
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 32401304; Hane, Carl E. 1; Email Address: carl.hane@noaa.gov; Haynes, John A. 2,3; Andra Jr., David L. 4; Carr, Frederick H. 2; Affiliations: 1: NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory and Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, Norman, Oklahoma; 2: School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C; 4: NOAA/National Weather Service, Norman, Oklahoma; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 136 Issue 3, p929; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Great Plains -- Economic conditions; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Brenda M.
AU  - Davies, Patricia
AU  - Hodgdon, Kathleen K.
AU  - Salamone III, Joseph A.
AU  - Pilon, Anthony
T1  - Realism assessment of sonic boom simulators.
JO  - Noise Control Engineering Journal
JF  - Noise Control Engineering Journal
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 141
EP  - 157
PB  - Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA
SN  - 07362501
AB  - Developments in small supersonic aircraft design are predicted to result in low-intensity sonic booms. Booms generated by current aircraft are similar to those that led to the ban on commercial supersonic flight over the US, so are unsuitable for parametric studies of psychoacoustic response to low-intensity booms. Therefore, simulators have been used to study the impact of predicted low-intensity sonic booms. However, simulators have been criticized because, when simulating conventional-level booms, the sounds were observed to be unrealistic by people experienced in listening to sonic booms. Thus, two studies were conducted to measure the perceived realism of three sonic boom simulators. Experienced listeners rated the realism of conventional sonic boom signatures when played in these simulators. The effects on perceived realism of factors such as duration of post-boom noise, exclusion of very low frequency components, inclusion of ground reflections, and type of simulator were examined. Duration of post-boom noise was found to have a strong effect on perceived realism, while type of simulator had a weak effect. It was determined that post-boom noise had to be at least 1.5 seconds long for the sound to be rated very realistic. Loudness level did not affect realism for the range of sounds played in the tests (80-93 dB ASEL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Noise Control Engineering Journal is the property of Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Realism
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Sonic boom
KW  - Supersonic aerodynamics
KW  - Supersonic planes
KW  - Research aircraft
KW  - Acoustic filters
KW  - Digital filters (Mathematics)
KW  - Microphone
KW  - Quantitative research
KW  - Analysis of variance
N1  - Accession Number: 32739633; Sullivan, Brenda M. 1; Email Address: brenda.m.sullivan@nasa.gov; Davies, Patricia 2; Email Address: daviesp@ecn.purdue.edu; Hodgdon, Kathleen K. 3; Email Address: kkh2@psu.edu; Salamone III, Joseph A. 4; Email Address: joe.salamone@gulfstream.com; Pilon, Anthony 5; Email Address: tony.pilon@lmco.com; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Mail Stop 463, Hampton,VA 23681, USA.; 2: Ray W. Herrick Labs, Purdue University, 140 S. Intramural Drive West Lafayette, IN 47907-2031, USA.; 3: Applied Research Lab, Pennsylvania State University, North Atherton Street, State College, PA 16801, USA.; 4: Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, 500 Gulfstream Road, Savannah, Georgia 31407, USA.; 5: Advanced Development Programs, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, 1011 Lockheed Way - Mail Stop 6811, Palmdale, CA 93599, USA.; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p141; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Realism; Subject Term: Evaluation; Subject Term: Sonic boom; Subject Term: Supersonic aerodynamics; Subject Term: Supersonic planes; Subject Term: Research aircraft; Subject Term: Acoustic filters; Subject Term: Digital filters (Mathematics); Subject Term: Microphone; Subject Term: Quantitative research; Subject Term: Analysis of variance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 17 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Graves, S.D.B.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Griffith, C.A.
AU  - Ferri, F.
AU  - Fulchignoni, M.
T1  - Rain and hail can reach the surface of Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 56
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 346
EP  - 357
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We have calculated the condensation and evaporation of ternary CH4–N2–C2H6 liquid drops and solid CH4 hail as they fall through Titan''s lower atmosphere to determine the likelihood that precipitation reaches the ground. Assuming the humidity profile determined by the Huygens probe, binary liquid CH4/N2 condensate grows in the region from ∼8 to 15km in Titan''s atmosphere because the combined humidity of CH4 and N2 exceeds saturation. These drops evaporate below ∼8km. We determine the fate of 10μm seeds composed of ethane, which is expected to provide condensation sites. In addition, we study the fate of already formed raindrops with radii of 1–4.75mm falling out of the growth region. High (50%) and low (0%) ethane relative humidities (RH) are considered in the calculation. We find that drops with radii ∼3mm and smaller dropping from 8km reach the ground in compositional equilibrium with the atmosphere in the high ethane RH case as a result of the stabilizing influence of the ethane, and evaporate in the atmosphere in the low ethane RH case. Large drops (>∼3mm) reach the surface large and cold because the latent heat loss due to the evaporation of methane cools the drop and slows the evaporation rate. Pure methane hail hits the ground if its radius is initially more than 4mm at 16km above the surface and sublimates in the atmosphere if its radius is smaller. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Hail
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Huygens
KW  - Methane
KW  - Rain
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 30019408; Graves, S.D.B. 1; Email Address: sdgraves@gps.caltech.edu; McKay, C.P. 1; Griffith, C.A. 2; Ferri, F. 3; Fulchignoni, M. 4; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett, Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 3: Università di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy; 4: Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 56 Issue 3/4, p346; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Hail; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Huygens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.11.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Furfaro, R.
AU  - Dohm, J.M.
AU  - Fink, W.
AU  - Kargel, J.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, D.
AU  - Fairén, A.G.
AU  - Palmero-Rodriguez, A.
AU  - Baker, V.R.
AU  - Ferré, P.T.
AU  - Hare, T.M.
AU  - Tarbell, M.A.
AU  - Miyamoto, H.
AU  - Komatsu, G.
T1  - The search for life beyond Earth through fuzzy expert systems
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 56
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 448
EP  - 472
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Autonomy will play a key role in future science-driven, tier-scalable robotic planetary reconnaissance to extremely challenging (by existing means), locales on Mars and elsewhere that have the potential to yield significant geological and possibly exobiologic information. The full-scale and optimal deployment of the agents employed by tier-scalable architectures requires the design, implementation, and integration of an intelligent reconnaissance system. Such a system should be designed to enable fully automated and comprehensive characterization of an operational area, as well as to integrate existing information with acquired, “in transit” spatial and temporal sensor data, to identify and home in on prime candidate locales. These may include locales with the greatest potential of containing life. Founded on the premise that water and energy are key to life, we have designed a fuzzy system that can (1) acquire the appropriate past/present water/energy indicators while the tier-scalable mission architecture is deployed (first layer), and (2) evaluate habitability through a specialized fuzzy knowledge-base of the water and energy information (second layer) acquired in (1). The system has been tested through hypothetical deployments at two hypothesized regions on Mars. The fuzzy-based expert''s simulation results corroborate the same conclusions provided by the human expert, and thus highlight the system''s potential capability to effectively and autonomously reason as an interdisciplinary scientist in the quest for life. While the approach is demonstrated for Mars, the methodology is general enough to be extended to other planetary bodies. It can be readily modified and updated as our interdisciplinary understanding of planetary environments improves. We believe this work represents a foundational step toward implementing higher-level intelligence in robotic, tier-scalable planetary reconnaissance within and beyond the solar system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Life
KW  - Water
KW  - Force & energy
KW  - Fuzzy systems
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Autonomous planetary reconnaissance
KW  - Fuzzy logic
KW  - Robotic planetary exploration
KW  - Search for life
KW  - Tier-scalable mission autonomy
N1  - Accession Number: 30019418; Furfaro, R. 1; Email Address: robertof@email.arizona.edu; Dohm, J.M. 2,3; Fink, W. 4; Kargel, J. 2; Schulze-Makuch, D. 5; Fairén, A.G. 6; Palmero-Rodriguez, A. 7; Baker, V.R. 2,3; Ferré, P.T. 2; Hare, T.M. 8; Tarbell, M.A. 4; Miyamoto, H. 9; Komatsu, G. 10; Affiliations: 1: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 2: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 4: California Institute of Technology, Visual and Autonomous Exploration Systems Research Laboratory, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 5: Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; 7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; 8: United States Geologic Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA; 9: Department of Geosystem Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 10: International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, Pescara, Italy; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 56 Issue 3/4, p448; Thesaurus Term: Life; Thesaurus Term: Water; Thesaurus Term: Force & energy; Subject Term: Fuzzy systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomous planetary reconnaissance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuzzy logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotic planetary exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search for life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tier-scalable mission autonomy; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.09.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zander, R.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Duchatelet, P.
AU  - Roland, G.
AU  - Servais, C.
AU  - Mazière, M. De
AU  - Reimann, S.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
T1  - Our changing atmosphere: Evidence based on long-term infrared solar observations at the Jungfraujoch since 1950
JO  - Science of the Total Environment
JF  - Science of the Total Environment
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 391
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 195
SN  - 00489697
AB  - The Institute of Astrophysics of the University of Liège has been present at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, since the late 1940s, to perform spectrometric solar observations under dry and weakly polluted high-mountain conditions. Several solar atlases of photometric quality, extending altogether from the near-ultra-violet to the middle-infrared, were produced between 1956 and 1994, first with grating spectrometers then with Fourier transform instruments. During the early 1970s, scientific concerns emerged about atmospheric composition changes likely to set in as a consequence of the growing usage of nitrogen-containing agricultural fertilisers and the industrial production of chlorine-bearing compounds such as the chlorofluorocarbons and hydro-chlorofluorocarbons. Resulting releases to the atmosphere with ensuing photolysis in the stratosphere and catalytic depletion of the protective ozone layer prompted a worldwide consortium of chemical manufacturing companies to solicit the Liège group to help in clarifying these concerns by undertaking specific observations with its existing Jungfraujoch instrumentation. The following pages evoke the main steps that led from quasi full sun-oriented studies to priority investigations of the Earth''s atmosphere, in support of both the Montreal and the Kyoto Protocols. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes -- Detection
KW  - Chlorofluorocarbons
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Belgium
KW  - Switzerland
KW  - Atmospheric composition changes
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Infrared remote sensing
KW  - Montreal and Kyoto Protocols
KW  - Université de Liège
N1  - Accession Number: 28137358; Zander, R. 1; Email Address: r.zander@ulg.ac.be; Mahieu, E. 1; Demoulin, P. 1; Duchatelet, P. 1; Roland, G. 1; Servais, C. 1; Mazière, M. De 2; Reimann, S. 3; Rinsland, C.P. 4; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Belgium; 2: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium; 3: Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Switzerland; 4: NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 391 Issue 2/3, p184; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Detection; Thesaurus Term: Chlorofluorocarbons; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Atmospheric ozone; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Ozone layer; Subject: Belgium; Subject: Switzerland; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric composition changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Montreal and Kyoto Protocols ; Company/Entity: Université de Liège; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hains, Jennifer C.
AU  - Taubman, Brett F.
AU  - Thompson, Anne M.
AU  - Stehr, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Marufu, Lackson T.
AU  - Doddridge, Bruce G.
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - Origins of chemical pollution derived from Mid-Atlantic aircraft profiles using a clustering technique
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2008/03/11/
VL  - 42
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1727
EP  - 1741
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Upwind sources of NO x and SO2 play a crucial role in the amount of O3 and aerosols in the lower troposphere in the Mid-Atlantic US. This paper describes a novel method of clustering trace gas and aerosol profiles allowing for the quantification of the relationship between point sources and pollution levels. This improves our understanding of pollution origins and has the potential for prediction of episodes of poor air quality. A hierarchical clustering method was used to classify distinct chemical and meteorological events from over 200 aircraft vertical profiles in the lower troposphere. Profile measurements included O3, SO2, CO and particle scattering from June to August 1997–2003, in the Mid-Atlantic US (mostly in Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia). The clustering technique could discriminate distinct profile shapes including measurements made during the 2002 Canadian forest fires. Forty-eight-hour back trajectories were run for each profile and the integrated NO x and SO2 point source emissions encountered by each trajectory were calculated using data from the EPA Clean Air Market Division''s emissions database. There was a strong correlation between integrated NO x emissions and O3 profiles, indicating that O3 profiles are strongly influenced by and can be predicted with point source emissions. There is a prevalent concentration of SO2 over the eastern US with mixing ratios decreasing smoothly from about 3.5ppb near the surface to 0.2ppb at 2400m. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Forest fires
KW  - Cluster analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Reconnaissance aircraft
KW  - Middle Atlantic States
KW  - United States
KW  - Clustering
KW  - Emissions
KW  - Ozone
KW  - SO2
N1  - Accession Number: 30066545; Hains, Jennifer C. 1; Email Address: hains@knmi.nl; Taubman, Brett F. 2; Thompson, Anne M. 3; Stehr, Jeffrey W. 4; Marufu, Lackson T. 5; Doddridge, Bruce G. 5; Dickerson, Russell R. 1,3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, MD, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, USA; 3: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA; 4: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, MD, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 42 Issue 8, p1727; Thesaurus Term: Tropospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Sulfur dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Forest fires; Subject Term: Cluster analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: Reconnaissance aircraft; Subject: Middle Atlantic States; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO2; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.052
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ying Liu
AU  - Min Shao
AU  - Sihua Lu
AU  - Chih-chung Chang
AU  - Jia-Lin Wang
AU  - Gao Chen
T1  - Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) measurements in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, China.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1531
EP  - 1545
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We measured levels of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at seven sites in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of China during the Air Quality Monitoring Campaign spanning 4 October to 3 November 2004. Two of the sites, Guangzhou (GZ) and Xinken (XK), were intensive sites at which we collected multiple daily canister samples. The observations reported here provide a look at the VOC distribution, speciation, and photochemical implications in the PRD region. Alkanes constituted the largest percentage (>40%) in mixing ratios of the quantified VOCs at six sites; the exception was one major industrial site that was dominated by aromatics (about 52%). Highly elevated VOC levels occurred at GZ during two pollution episodes; however, the chemical composition of VOCs did not exhibit noticeable changes during these episodes. We calculated the OH loss rate to estimate the chemical reactivity of all VOCs. Of the anthropogenic VOCs, alkenes played a predominant role in VOC reactivity at GZ, whereas the contributions of reactive aromatics were more important at XK. Our preliminary analysis of the VOC correlations suggests that the ambient VOCs at GZ came directly from local sources (i.e., automobiles); those at XK were influenced by both local emissions and transportation of air mass from upwind areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Alkanes
KW  - Aromatic compounds
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Photochemical oxidants
KW  - Pearl River (China)
KW  - China
N1  - Accession Number: 31450716; Ying Liu 1; Min Shao 1; Email Address: mshao@pku.edu.cn; Sihua Lu 1; Chih-chung Chang 2; Jia-Lin Wang 3; Gao Chen 4; Affiliations: 1: State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China; 2: Research Center of Environment Change, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan; 3: Department of Chemistry, National Central University, Chungli 320, Taiwan; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p1531; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Alkanes; Thesaurus Term: Aromatic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Subject Term: Photochemical oxidants; Subject: Pearl River (China); Subject: China; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 14 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lawson, R. P.
AU  - Pilson, B.
AU  - Baker, B.
AU  - Mo, Q.
AU  - Jensen, E.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Bui, P.
T1  - Aircraft measurements of microphysical properties of subvisible cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1609
EP  - 1620
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Subvisible cirrus (SVC) clouds are often observed within the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Some studies suggest that SVC has a significant impact on the earth radiation budget. The Costa Rica Aura Validation Experiment (CR-AVE) sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) took place near San Jose, Costa Rica from 14 January-15 February 2006. The NASA WB-57F sampled SVC in the TTL from -75°C to -90°C with an improved set of cloud particle probes. The first digital images of ice particles in the TTL are compared with replicator images of ice particles collected in 1973 by a WB-57F in the TTL. The newer measurements reveal larger particles, on the order of 100 μm compared with <50μm from the earlier measurements, and also different particle shapes. The 1973 particles were mainly columnar and trigonal, whereas the newer measurements are quasi-spherical and hexagonal plates. The WB-57F also measured very high water vapor contents with some instruments, up to 4 ppmv, and aerosols with mixed organics and sulfates. It is unknown whether these ambient conditions were present in the 1973 studies, and whether such conditions have an influence on particle shape and the development of the large particles. A companion paper (Jensen et al., 2008) presents crystal growth calculations that suggest that the high water vapor measurements are required to grow ice particles to the observed sizes of 100 μm and larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Terrestrial radiation
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 31450721; Lawson, R. P. 1; Email Address: plawson@specinc.com; Pilson, B. 1; Baker, B. 1; Mo, Q. 1; Jensen, E. 2; Pfister, L. 2; Bui, P. 2; Affiliations: 1: SPEC Incorporated, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p1609; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Terrestrial radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Subject Term: Airplanes ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Bui, T. V.
AU  - Lawson, P.
AU  - Baker, B.
AU  - Mo, Q.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.
AU  - Weinstock, E. M.
AU  - Smith, J. B.
AU  - Moyer, E. J.
AU  - Hanisco, T. F.
AU  - Sayres, D. S.
AU  - St. Clair, J. M.
AU  - Alexander, M. J.
AU  - Toon, O. B.
AU  - Smith, J. A.
T1  - Formation of large (≃100μm) ice crystals near the tropical tropopause.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1621
EP  - 1633
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Recent high-altitude aircraft measurements with in situ imaging instruments indicated the presence of relatively large (≃100 μm length), thin (aspect ratios of ≃6:1 or larger) hexagonal plate ice crystals near the tropical tropopause in very low concentrations (<0.01 L-1). These crystals were not produced by deep convection or aggregation. We use simple growth-sedimentation calculations as well as detailed cloud simulations to evaluate the conditions required to grow the large crystals. Uncertainties in crystal aspect ratio leave a range of possibilities, which could be constrained by knowledge of the water vapor concentration in the air where the crystal growth occurred. Unfortunately, water vapor measurements made in the cloud formation region near the tropopause with different instruments ranged from <2 ppmv to ≃3.5 ppmv. The higher water vapor concentrations correspond to very large ice supersaturations (relative humidities with respect to ice of about 200%). If the aspect ratios of the hexagonal plate crystals are as small as the image analysis suggests (6:1, see companion paper (Lawson et al., 2008)) then growth of the large crystals before they sediment out of the supersaturated layer would only be possible if the water vapor concentration were on the high end of the range indicated by the different measurements (>3 ppmv). On the other hand, if the crystal aspect ratios are quite a bit larger (≃10:1), then H2O concentrations toward the low end of the measurement range (≃2-2.5 ppmv) would suffice to grow the large crystals. Gravity-wave driven temperature and vertical wind perturbations only slightly modify the H2O concentrations needed to grow the crystals. We find that it would not be possible to grow the large crystals with water concentrations less than 2 ppmv, even with assumptions of a very high aspect ratio of 15 and steady upward motion of 2 cm s-1 to loft the crystals in the tropopause region. These calculations would seem to imply that the measurements indicating water vapor concentrations less than 2 ppmv are implausible, but we cannot rule out the possibility that higher humidity prevailed upstream of the aircraft measurements and the air was dehydrated by the cloud formation. Simulations of the cloud formation with a detailed model indicate that homogeneous freezing should generate ice concentrations larger than the observed concencentrations (20 L-1), and even concentrations as low as 20 L-1 should have depleted the vapor in excess of saturation and prevented growth of large crystals. It seems likely that the large crystals resulted from ice nucleation on effective heterogeneous nuclei at low ice supersaturations. Improvements in our understanding of detailed cloud microphysical processes require resolution of the water vapor measurement discrepancies in these very cold, dry regions of the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Imaging systems
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 31450722; Jensen, E. J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov; Pfister, L. 1; Bui, T. V. 1; Lawson, P. 2; Baker, B. 2; Mo, Q. 2; Baumgardner, D. 3; Weinstock, E. M. 4; Smith, J. B. 4; Moyer, E. J. 4; Hanisco, T. F. 4; Sayres, D. S. 4; St. Clair, J. M. 4; Alexander, M. J. 5; Toon, O. B. 6; Smith, J. A. 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Mexico; 4: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 5: Colorado Research Associates, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p1621; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Imaging systems; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Del Castillo, Carlos E.
AU  - Miller, Richard L.
T1  - On the use of ocean color remote sensing to measure the transport of dissolved organic carbon by the Mississippi River Plume
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/03/18/
VL  - 112
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 836
EP  - 844
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We investigated the use of ocean color remote sensing to measure the transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. From 2000 to 2005 we recorded surface measurements of DOC, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), salinity, and water-leaving radiances during five cruises to the Mississippi River Plume. These measurements were used to develop empirical relationships to derive DOC, CDOM, and salinity from monthly composites of SeaWiFS imagery collected from 1998 through 2005. We compared our remote sensing estimates of river flow and DOC transport with data collected by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from 1998 through 2005. Our remote sensing estimates of river flow and DOC transport correlated well (r 2 ∼0.70) with the USGS data. Our remote sensing estimates and USGS field data showed low variability in DOC concentrations in the river end-member (7–11%), and high seasonal variability in river flow (∼50%). Therefore, changes in river flow control the variability in DOC transport, indicating that the remote sensing estimate of river flow is the most critical element of our DOC transport measurement. We concluded that it is possible to use this method to estimate DOC transport by other large rivers if there are data on the relationship between CDOM, DOC, and salinity in the river plume. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Seawater -- Organic compound content
KW  - Streamflow
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Geological surveys
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Mississippi River
KW  - United States
KW  - CDOM
KW  - DOC
KW  - River transport
KW  - SeaWiFS
N1  - Accession Number: 30789149; Del Castillo, Carlos E. 1; Email Address: carlos.del.castillo@jhuapl.edu; Miller, Richard L. 2; Affiliations: 1: The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, USA; Issue Info: Mar2008, Vol. 112 Issue 3, p836; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Salinity; Thesaurus Term: Seawater -- Organic compound content; Thesaurus Term: Streamflow; Subject Term: Ocean color; Subject Term: Geological surveys; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Subject: Mississippi River; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: CDOM; Author-Supplied Keyword: DOC; Author-Supplied Keyword: River transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: SeaWiFS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.06.015
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, S. Y.
AU  - Talbot, R.
AU  - Mao, H.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Vay, S.
AU  - Fuelberg, H.
T1  - Continental outflow from the US to the upper troposphere over the North Atlantic during the NASA INTEX-NA Airborne Campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1989
EP  - 2005
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - A case of continental outflow from the United States (US) was examined using airborne measurements from NASA DC-8 flight 13 during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment — North America (INTEXNA). Mixing ratios of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) at 8-11 km altitude over the North Atlantic were elevated to 1843 ppbv and 134 ppbv respectively, while those of carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbonyl sulfide (COS) were reduced to 372.4 ppmv and 411 pptv respectively. In this region, urban and industrial influences were evidenced by elevated mixing ratios and good linear relationships between urban and industrial tracers compared to North Atlantic background air. Moreover, low mixing ratios and a good correlation between COS and CO2 showed a fingerprint of terrestrial uptake and minimal dilution during rapid transport over a 1-2 day time period. Analysis of synoptic conditions, backward trajectories, and photochemical aging estimates based on C3H8/C2H6 strongly suggested that elevated anthropogenic tracers in the upper troposphere of the flight region were the result of transport via convection and warm conveyor belt (WCB) uplifting of boundary layer air over the southeastern US. This mechanism is supported by the similar slope values of linear correlations between long-lived (months) anthropogenic tracers (e.g., C2Cl4 and CHCl3) from the flight region and the planetary boundary layer in the southeastern US. In addition, the aircraft measurements suggest that outflow from the US augmented the entire tropospheric column at mid-latitudes over the North Atlantic. Overall, the flight 13 data demonstrate a pervasive impact of US anthropogenic emissions on the troposphere over the North Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Geography
KW  - Reconnaissance aircraft
KW  - Aeronautics -- United States
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 31704691; Kim, S. Y. 1; Email Address: sk@gust.sr.unh.edu; Talbot, R. 1; Mao, H. 1; Blake, D. 2; Vay, S. 3; Fuelberg, H. 4; Affiliations: 1: Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 7, p1989; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Geography; Subject Term: Reconnaissance aircraft; Subject Term: Aeronautics -- United States; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Talbot, R.
AU  - Mao, H.
AU  - Scheuer, E.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Avery, M.
AU  - Browell, E.
AU  - Sachse, G.
AU  - Vay, S.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Fuelberg, H.
T1  - Factors influencing the large-scale distribution of Hg° in the Mexico City area and over the North Pacific.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2103
EP  - 2114
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Gas-phase elemental mercury (Hg°) was measured aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEXB) campaign in spring 2006. Flights were conducted around Mexico City and on two subsequent deployments over the North Pacific based out of Honolulu, Hawaii and Anchorage, Alaska. Data obtained from 0.15-12 km altitude showed that Hg° exhibited a relatively constant vertical profile centered around 100 ppqv. Highly concentrated pollution plumes emanating from the Mexico City urban agglomeration revealed that mixing ratios of Hg° as large as 500 ppqv were related to combustion tracers such as CO, but not SO2 which is presumably released locally from coal burning, refineries, and volcanoes. Our analysis of Mexico City plumes indicated that widespread multi-source urban/industrial emissions may have a more important influence on Hg° than specific point sources. Over the Pacific, correlations with CO, CO2, CH4, and C2Cl4 were diffuse overall, but recognizable on flights out of Anchorage and Honolulu. In distinct plumes originating from the Asian continent the Hg°- CO relationship yielded an average value of ~0.56 ppqv/ppbv, in good agreement with previous findings. A prominent feature of the INTEX-B dataset was frequent total depletion of Hg° in the upper troposphere when stratospherically influenced air was encountered. Ozone data obtained with the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) showed that the stratospheric impact on the tropospheric column was a common and pervasive feature on all flights out of Honolulu and Anchorage. We propose that this is likely a major factor driving large-scale seasonality in Hg° mixing ratios, especially at mid-latitudes, and an important process that should be incorporated into global chemical transport models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Coal
KW  - Geography
KW  - Economic structure
KW  - Industrial concentration
N1  - Accession Number: 31704698; Talbot, R. 1; Email Address: robert.talbot@unh.edu; Mao, H. 1; Scheuer, E. 1; Dibb, J. 1; Avery, M. 2; Browell, E. 2; Sachse, G. 2; Vay, S. 2; Blake, D. 3; Huey, G. 4; Fuelberg, H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, Climate Change Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: University of California — Irvine, Department of Chemistry, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 4: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia, Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 5: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 7, p2103; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Coal; Thesaurus Term: Geography; Subject Term: Economic structure; Subject Term: Industrial concentration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chambers, L. H.
AU  - Alston, E. J.
AU  - Phelps, C. S.
AU  - Moore, S. W.
AU  - Diones, D. D.
AU  - Oots, P. C.
AU  - Fischer, J. D.
AU  - Mims III, F. M.
T1  - THE MY NASA DATA PROJECT.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 442
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article provides information on MY NASA DATA Project, approach to making exploration of authentic Earth system science data accessible to larger communities. It is said that the growth in users since the inception of the project reaches more than 12,000 distinct users each month. MY NASA DATA provides example lesson plans that illustrate how some specific microsets can be used to teach standards aligned topics in addition to microsets and documentation. A mentor network is available via e-mail for consultation on questions related to MY NASA DATA.
KW  - Earth sciences -- Study & teaching
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Information services
KW  - Lesson planning
KW  - Teaching
KW  - Documentation
KW  - Earth science projects
KW  - Community relations
KW  - Community support
N1  - Accession Number: 31967610; Chambers, L. H. 1; Email Address: l.h.chambers@iarc.nasa.gov; Alston, E. J. 1; Phelps, C. S. 2; Moore, S. W. 2; Diones, D. D. 2; Oots, P. C. 2; Fischer, J. D. 2; Mims III, F. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Geronimo Creek Observatory, Seguin, Texas; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 89 Issue 4, p437; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences -- Study & teaching; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Subject Term: Information services; Subject Term: Lesson planning; Subject Term: Teaching; Subject Term: Documentation; Subject Term: Earth science projects; Subject Term: Community relations; Subject Term: Community support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-437
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Creilson, John K.
AU  - Pippin, Margaret R.
AU  - Henderson, Bryana L.
AU  - Ladd, Irene H.
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Votápková, Dana
AU  - Krpcová, Ilona
T1  - SURFACE OZONE MEASURED AT GLOBE SCHOOLS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: A Demonstration of the Importance of Student Contribution to the Larger Science Picture.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 505
EP  - 514
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) is a worldwide, hands-on, primary and secondary school-based education and science program, which is developed to give students a chance to perform real science by making measurements, analyzing data, and participating in research through collaboration with scientists. As part of the GLOBE Surface Ozone Protocol, and with the assistance of the TEREZA Association in the Czech Republic, schools in the Czech Republic have been making and reporting daily measurements of surface ozone and surface meteorological data since 2001. Using a hand-held ozone monitor developed for GLOBE, students at several Czech schools have generated multiyear data records of surface ozone from 2001 to 2005. Analysis of the data shows that surface ozone levels were anomalously high during the summer of 2003 relative to other summers. These findings are consistent with the measurements of the European Environment Agency, which highlight the summer of 2003 as having exceptionally long-lasting and spatially extensive episodes of high surface ozone, especially during the first half of August. Further analysis of the summer's prevailing meteorology shows not only that it was one of the hottest on record, a finding also seen in the student data, but the conditions for production of ozone were ideal. Findings such as these increase student, teacher, and scientist confidence in the utility of the GLOBE data for engaging budding scientists in the collection, analysis, and eventual interpretation of the data for inquiry-based education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Education
KW  - Schools
KW  - Students
KW  - Meteorology -- Study & teaching
KW  - Czech Republic
N1  - Accession Number: 31967619; Creilson, John K. 1; Email Address: john.k.creilson@nasa.gov; Pippin, Margaret R. 2; Henderson, Bryana L. 3; Ladd, Irene H. 2; Fishman, Jack 2; Votápková, Dana 4; Krpcová, Ilona 4; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: TEREZA Association, Prague, Czech Republic; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 89 Issue 4, p505; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Subject Term: Education; Subject Term: Schools; Subject Term: Students; Subject Term: Meteorology -- Study & teaching; Subject: Czech Republic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611110 Elementary and Secondary Schools; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-505
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hays, Michael D.
AU  - Beck, Lee
AU  - Barfield, Pamela
AU  - Lavrich, Richard J.
AU  - Yuanji Dong
AU  - Wal, Randy L. Vander
T1  - Physical and Chemical Characterization of Residential Oil Boiler Emissions.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/04//4/1/2008
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2496
EP  - 2502
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - The toxicity of emissions from the combustion of home heating oil coupled with the regional proximity and seasonal use of residential oil boilers (ROB) is an important public health concern. Yet scant physical and chemical information about the emissions from this source is available for climate and air quality modeling and for improving our understanding of aerosol-related human health effects. The gas- and particle-phase emissions from an active ROB firing distillate fuel oil (commonly known as diesel fuel) were evaluated to address this deficiency. Ion chromatography of impactor samples showed that the ultrafine ROB aerosol emissions were ∼45% (w/w) sulfate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected various n-alkanes at trace levels, sometimes in accumulation mode particles, and out of phase with the size distributions of aerosol mass and sulfate. The carbonaceous matter in the ROB aerosol was primarily light-adsorbing elemental carbon. Gas chromatography-atomic emission spectroscopy measured a previously unrecognized organosulfur compound group in the ROB aerosol emissions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of ROB soot indicated the presence of a highly ordered primary particle nanostructure embedded in larger aggregates. Organic gas emissions were measured using EPA Methods TO-15 and TO-11A. The ROB emitted volatile oxygenates (8 mg/(kg of oil burned)) and olefins (5 mg/(kg of oil burned)) mostly unrelated to the base fuel composition. In the final analysis, the ROB tested was a source of numerous hazardous air pollutants as defined in the Clean Air Act Amendments. Approximations conducted using emissions data from the ROB tests show relatively low contributions to a regional- level anthropogenic emissions inventory for volitile organic compounds, PM2.5, and SO2 mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Petroleum refining
KW  - Chromatographic analysis
KW  - Diesel fuels
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Gas chromatography
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Alkanes
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Atomic emission spectroscopy
KW  - Transmission electron microscopy
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 32130674; Hays, Michael D. 1; Email Address: hays.michael@epa.gov; Beck, Lee 1; Barfield, Pamela 1; Lavrich, Richard J. 1; Yuanji Dong 2; Wal, Randy L. Vander 3; Affiliations: 1: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.; 2: ARCADIS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.; 3: Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Issue Info: 4/1/2008, Vol. 42 Issue 7, p2496; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Petroleum refining; Thesaurus Term: Chromatographic analysis; Thesaurus Term: Diesel fuels; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Gas chromatography; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Thesaurus Term: Alkanes; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Subject Term: Atomic emission spectroscopy; Subject Term: Transmission electron microscopy; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 412110 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324190 Other petroleum and coal product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, Wenying
AU  - Dutton, Ellsworth
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
AU  - Wiscombe, Warren
T1  - Performance of Commercial Radiometers in Very Low Temperature and Pressure Environments Typical of Polar Regions and of the Stratosphere: A Laboratory Study.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 558
EP  - 569
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Characterizing the performance of ground-based commercial radiometers in cold and/or low-pressure environments is critical for developing accurate flux measurements in the polar regions and in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Commercially available broadband radiometers have a stated operational temperature range of, typically, -20° to +50°C. Within this range, their temperature dependencies of sensitivities change less than 1%. But for deployments on high-altitude platforms or in polar regions, which can be much colder than -20°C, information on temperature dependency of sensitivity is not always available. In this paper, the temperature dependencies of sensitivities of popular pyranometers and pyrgeometers manufactured by Kipp and Zonen were tested in a thermal-vacuum chamber. When their body temperature is lowered to -60°C, pyranometer sensitivity drops by 4%–6% from the factory-default specification. Pyrgeometer sensitivity increases by 13% from the factory-default specification during a similar temperature change. When the chamber pressure is lowered from 830 to 6 hPa, the sensitivity decreases by about 2% for the pyranometer, and increases by about 2% for the pyrgeometer. Note that these temperature and pressure dependencies of sensitivities are specific for the instruments that were tested and should not be applied to others. These findings show that for measurements suitable for climate studies, it is crucial to characterize temperature and/or pressure effects on radiometer sensitivity for deployments on high-altitude platforms and in polar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Lows (Meteorology)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Low temperatures
KW  - Polar regions
N1  - Accession Number: 31735691; Su, Wenying 1; Email Address: wenying.su-1@nasa.gov; Dutton, Ellsworth 2; Charlock, Thomas P. 3; Wiscombe, Warren 4; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: Global Monitoring Division, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p558; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Lows (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Low temperatures; Subject: Polar regions; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 6 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JTECHA1005.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Parker, Lindsay
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part IV: Boundary Layer Cloud Objects during 1998 El Niño.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 21
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1500
EP  - 1521
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Three boundary layer cloud object types—overcast, stratocumulus, and cumulus—that occurred over the Pacific Ocean during January–August 1998 are identified from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) single scanner footprint data. Characteristics of each cloud object type matched with atmospheric states are examined for large regions in the tropics and subtropics and for different size categories. Stratocumulus cloud objects dominate the entire boundary layer cloud population in all regions and size categories. Overcast cloud objects, which have the largest average size, are more prevalent in the subtropics and near the coastal regions, while cumulus cloud objects are prevalent over the open oceans and the equatorial regions, particularly within the small-size categories. Cloud objects with equivalent diameters less than 75 km are excluded in the analysis. The differences between the tropical and subtropical statistical distributions of cloud properties are small for liquid water path (LWP), cloud optical depth, and top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) albedo, but large for cloud-top temperature and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), for each of the three cloud object types. The larger cloud objects have higher LWPs, cloud optical depths, TOA albedos, and OLRs, but lower SSTs and cloud-top heights for the stratocumulus and overcast types. Lower-tropospheric stability seems to be the primary factor for the differences in the distributions of cloud physical properties between the regions or between the size categories. Atmospheric dynamics also play a role in determining the differences in the distributions of cloud physical properties between the size categories, but not a significant role for those between the types or between the regions. The latter may be due to uncertainties in the matched vertical velocity data. When the three cloud object types are combined in small regions, lower-tropospheric stability determines the transition of boundary layer cloud types along a Pacific transect. The proportion of each type is the most important factor for diagnosing the combined cloud properties along this transect, such as LWP, cloud optical depth, and TOA albedo. Atmospheric dynamics also play complicated roles in determining the combined cloud properties along this transect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Stratus clouds
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 31702271; Xu, Kuan-Man 1; Email Address: kuan-man.xu@nasa.gov; Wong, Takmeng 1; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Parker, Lindsay 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 21 Issue 7, p1500; Thesaurus Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Stratus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 7 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JCLI1710.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Almimi, Ashraf A.
AU  - Kulhci, Murat
AU  - Montgomery, Douglas C.
T1  - Follow-Up Designs to Resolve Confounding in Split-Plot Experiments.
JO  - Journal of Quality Technology
JF  - Journal of Quality Technology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 166
SN  - 00224065
AB  - Split-plot designs are effective in industry due to time and/or cost constraints, restriction on randomization of the treatment combinations of the hard-to-change factors, and different sizes of experimental units. Some of the results of fractional factorial split-plot experiments can be ambiguous and a need may arise to conduct follow-up experiments to separate effects of potential interest by breaking their alias links with others. For completely randomized fractional factorial experiments, methods have been developed to construct follow-up experiments. In this article, we extend the foldover technique to break the alias chains of split-plot experiments. Because it is impractical or not economically possible to foldover the whole-plot factors, as their levels are often hard or expensive to change, the focus of this article is on folding over only one or more subplot factors in order to de-alias certain effects. Six rules are provided to develop foldovers for minimum aberration resolution III and resolution IV fractional factorial split-plot designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quality Technology is the property of American Society for Quality, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUALITY control
KW  - FACTOR analysis
KW  - FACTORIAL experiment designs
KW  - PERMUTATIONS
KW  - COMBINATORIAL analysis
KW  - Alias
KW  - Foldover Design
KW  - Minimum Aberration
KW  - Reduced Defining Relation
KW  - Resolution III Designs
KW  - Resolution IV Designs
KW  - Split-Plot Design
N1  - Accession Number: 31603751; Almimi, Ashraf A. 1,2; Email Address: Ashrafalmimi@gmail.com; Kulhci, Murat 3,4; Email Address: Murat.Kulahci@asu.edu; Montgomery, Douglas C. 3; Email Address: Doug.Montgomery@asu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 4: Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p154; Thesaurus Term: QUALITY control; Subject Term: FACTOR analysis; Subject Term: FACTORIAL experiment designs; Subject Term: PERMUTATIONS; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alias; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foldover Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Minimum Aberration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced Defining Relation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resolution III Designs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resolution IV Designs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Split-Plot Design; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yali Luo
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Morrison, Hugh
AU  - McFarquhar, Greg
T1  - Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds Simulated by a Cloud-Resolving Model: Comparison with ARM Observations and Sensitivity to Microphysics Parameterizations.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 65
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1285
EP  - 1303
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Single-layer mixed-phase stratiform (MPS) Arctic clouds, which formed under conditions of large surface heat flux combined with general subsidence during a subperiod of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE), are simulated with a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The CRM is implemented with either an advanced two-moment [Morrison et al. (MCK)] or a commonly used one-moment [Lin et al. (LFO)] bulk microphysics scheme and a state-of-the-art radiative transfer scheme. The MCK simulation, which uses the two-moment scheme and observed aerosol size distribution and ice nulei (IN) number concentration, reproduces the magnitudes and vertical structures of cloud liquid water content (LWC), total ice water content (IWC), and number concentration and effective radius of cloud droplets as suggested by the MPACE observations. The simulation underestimates ice crystal number concentrations by an order of magnitude and overestimates effective radius of ice crystals by a factor of 2–3. The LFO experiment, which uses the one-moment scheme, produces values of liquid water path (LWP) and ice plus snow water path (ISWP) that were about 30% and 4 times, respectively, those produced by MCK. The vertical profile of IWC exhibits a bimodal distribution in contrast to the constant distribution of IWC produced in MCK and observations. A sensitivity test that uses the same ice–water saturation adjustment scheme as in LFO produces cloud properties that are more similar to the LFO simulation than MCK. The mean value of the intercept parameter of snow size spectra (N0s) from MCK is one order of magnitude smaller than that assumed in LFO. A sensitivity test that prescribes the larger LFO N0s results in 20% less LWP and 5 times larger snow water path than that in MCK. When an exponential ice size distribution replaces the gamma size distribution in MCK, the ISWP decreases by 70% but the LWP increases by 7% versus that in the MCK. Increasing the IN number concentration from the observed value of 0.16 to 3.2 L-1 forces the MPS clouds to become glaciated and dissipate, but the simulated ice number concentration agrees initially with the observations better. Physical explanations for these quantitative differences are provided. It is further shown that the differences between the LFO and MCK results are larger than those due to the estimated uncertainties in the prescribed surface fluxes. Additional observations and simulations of a variety of cases are required to further narrow down uncertainties in the microphysics schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Action spectrum
KW  - Spectral sensitivity
KW  - Microclusters
N1  - Accession Number: 31802325; Yali Luo 1,2; Email Address: yali@cams.cma.gov.cn; Kuan-Man Xu 3; Morrison, Hugh 4; McFarquhar, Greg 5; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 5: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 65 Issue 4, p1285; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Subject Term: Action spectrum; Subject Term: Spectral sensitivity; Subject Term: Microclusters; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAS2467.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Witasse, Olivier
AU  - Huber, Lyle
AU  - Zender, Joe
AU  - Lebreton, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Beebe, Reta
AU  - Heather, David
AU  - Matson, Dennis L.
AU  - Zarnecki, John
AU  - Wheadon, Joe
AU  - Trautner, Roland
AU  - Tomasko, Marty
AU  - Leon Stoppato, Piero
AU  - Simoes, Fernando
AU  - See, Chuck
AU  - Perez-Ayucar, Miguel
AU  - Pennanech, Cyril
AU  - Niemann, Hasso
AU  - McFarlane, Lisa
AU  - Leese, Mark
AU  - Kazeminejad, Bobby
T1  - The Huygens scientific data archive: Technical overview
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 56
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 770
EP  - 777
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Cassini/Huygens mission was launched in October 1997, and during the third orbit around Saturn, the Huygens probe was released on course to enter Titan''s atmosphere. During the descent, six science instruments provided in situ and remote sensing measurements of Titan''s atmosphere and surface. Doppler tracking was performed with two Earth-based radio telescopes, and a Very Long Base Interferometry (VLBI) experiment was carried out. Data acquisition began around 1500km altitude and continued throughout the 2h and 30min descent and for 1h and 12min after landing. This unique set of data is available in the ESA Planetary Science Archive (PSA) and mirror imaged in the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS). This paper presents an overview of the process the Huygens Data Archiving Working Group followed to develop and ingest the data set. A description of the data sets is also given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Space probes
KW  - Astronautics -- Optical communication systems
KW  - Radio telescopes
KW  - Cassini/Huygens mission
KW  - Data archiving
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 31560506; Witasse, Olivier 1; Email Address: owitasse@rssd.esa.int; Huber, Lyle 2; Zender, Joe 1; Lebreton, Jean-Pierre 1; Beebe, Reta 2; Heather, David 1; Matson, Dennis L. 3; Zarnecki, John 4; Wheadon, Joe 5; Trautner, Roland 1; Tomasko, Marty 6; Leon Stoppato, Piero 7; Simoes, Fernando 8; See, Chuck 6; Perez-Ayucar, Miguel 1; Pennanech, Cyril 9; Niemann, Hasso 10; McFarlane, Lisa 6; Leese, Mark 4; Kazeminejad, Bobby 11; Affiliations: 1: ESA Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands; 2: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MS 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 230-205, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; 5: ESA/ESOC, Robert-Bosch-Str. 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; 6: Kuiper LPL, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 7: CISAS “G. Colombo”, Universita` di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy; 8: CETP/IPSL-CNRS 4, Avenue de Neptune, 94107 Saint Maur, France; 9: Service Aeronomie/CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France; 10: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 699, Greenbelt, MD 20117, USA; 11: Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), German Space Operations Center (GSOC), 82234 Wesssling, Germany; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p770; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Space probes; Subject Term: Astronautics -- Optical communication systems; Subject Term: Radio telescopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini/Huygens mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data archiving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.10.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Griffin, Michael D.
T1  - Greatness or mediocrity?
JO  - T & P: Tooling & Production
JF  - T & P: Tooling & Production
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 74
IS  - 4
M3  - Excerpt
SP  - 36
EP  - 36
PB  - Nelson Publishing
SN  - 00409243
AB  - An excerpt from a recent address given by Michael D. Griffen, administrator of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, at the January Series at Calvin College in Grand Rapids, Michigan, is presented.
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - GRIFFEN, Michael D.
N1  - Accession Number: 32431158; Griffin, Michael D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 74 Issue 4, p36; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: GRIFFEN, Michael D.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Excerpt
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kehrer, Kristen
AU  - Graf, Brian
AU  - Roeder, William P.
T1  - Global Positioning System (GPS) Precipitable Water in Forecasting Lightning at Spaceport Canaveral.
JO  - Weather & Forecasting
JF  - Weather & Forecasting
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
EP  - 232
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08828156
AB  - This paper evaluates the use of precipitable water (PW) from the global positioning system (GPS) in lightning prediction. Additional independent verification of an earlier model is performed. This earlier model used binary logistic regression with the following four predictor variables optimally selected from a candidate list of 23 candidate predictors: the current precipitable water value for a given time of the day, the change in GPS PW over the past 9 h, the K index, and the electric field mill value. The K index was used as a measure of atmospheric stability, which, of the traditional stability measures, has been shown to work best in the area and season under study. This earlier model was not optimized for any specific forecast interval, but showed promise for 6- and 1.5-h forecasts. Two new models were developed and verified. These new models were optimized for two operationally significant forecast intervals. The first model was optimized for the 0.5-h lightning advisories issued by the U.S. Air Force’s 45th Weather Squadron. An additional 1.5 h was allowed for sensor dwell, communication, calculation, analysis, and advisory decision by the forecaster. Therefore, the 0.5-h advisory model became a 2-h forecast model for lightning within the 45th Weather Squadron advisory areas. The second model was optimized for major ground processing operations supported by the 45th Weather Squadron, which can require lightning forecasts with a lead time of up to 7.5 h. Using the same 1.5-h lag as in the other new model, this became a 9-h forecast model for lightning within 37 km (20 n mi) of the 45th Weather Squadron advisory areas. The two new models were built using binary logistic regression and a list of 26 candidate predictor variables: the current GPS PW value, the K index, and 24 candidate variables of the change in GPS PW levels over 0.5-h increments up to 12 h. The new 2-h model found the following four predictors to be statistically significant, listed in decreasing order of contribution to the forecast: the 0.5-h change in GPS PW, the 7.5-h change in GPS PW, the current GPS PW value, and the K index. The new 9-h forecast model found the following five independent variables to be statistically significant, listed in decreasing order of contribution to the forecast: the current GPS PW value, the 8.5-h change in GPS PW, the 3.5-h change in GPS PW, the 12-h change in GPS PW, and the K index. In both models, the GPS PW parameters had better correlation to the lightning forecast than did the K index, a widely used thunderstorm index. Possible future improvements to this study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Weather & Forecasting is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Lightning
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Precipitable water
KW  - Canaveral, Port (Fla.)
KW  - Florida
N1  - Accession Number: 35324609; Kehrer, Kristen 1; Email Address: kristen.c.kehrer@nasa.gov; Graf, Brian 1; Roeder, William P. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida; 2: 45th Weather Squadron, Patrick Air Force Base, Florida; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p219; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Lightning; Subject Term: Global Positioning System; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Precipitable water; Subject Term: Canaveral, Port (Fla.); Subject: Florida; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eisele, Fred
AU  - Davis, Douglas D.
AU  - Helmig, Detlev
AU  - Oltmans, Samuel J.
AU  - Neff, William
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Tanner, David
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Crawford, Jim
AU  - Arimoto, Richard
AU  - Buhr, Martin
AU  - Mauldin, Lee
AU  - Hutterli, Manuel
AU  - Dibb, Jack
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Brooks, Steven B.
AU  - Johnson, Bryan
AU  - Roberts, James M.
AU  - Wang, Yuhang
AU  - Tan, David
T1  - Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI) 2003 overview
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2008/04/11/
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2749
EP  - 2761
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI) was carried out from late November to December 2003 with both extended ground-based and tethered balloon studies at Amundsen Scott Station, South Pole. ANTCI 2003 was the first of two Antarctic field studies with the primary goal of further exploring the active photochemistry of the South Pole region that was first identified in the previous Investigation of Sulfur Chemistry in the Antarctic Troposphere (ISCAT) program. Since ISCAT was fully ground-based, ANTCI 2003 goals included expanding chemical studies both vertically upward to investigate mixing and horizontally to better understand large-scale plateau NO x production and transport. Thus, in addition to ground-based experiments at South Pole, Twin Otter aircraft sampling took place out to hundreds of kilometers in several directions from the South Pole. These were designed to specifically address the issue of how representative past South Pole chemical measurements are of the surrounding high plateau region. The Twin Otter was also used to make transects along the coast both north and south of McMurdo Station. The present paper summarizes the overall setting and results of this investigation and highlights the many new findings that were obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Spatio-temporal variation
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Aeronautics -- Flights
KW  - Otter (Transport planes)
KW  - Mixing
KW  - McMurdo Station (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Antarctic photochemistry
KW  - Hydroxyl radical
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Ozone
KW  - South Pole chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 31410768; Eisele, Fred 1,2; Email Address: eisele@ucar.edu; Davis, Douglas D. 2; Helmig, Detlev 3; Oltmans, Samuel J. 4; Neff, William 4; Huey, Greg 2; Tanner, David 2; Chen, Gao 5; Crawford, Jim 5; Arimoto, Richard 6; Buhr, Martin 7; Mauldin, Lee 1; Hutterli, Manuel 8,9; Dibb, Jack 10; Blake, D. 11; Brooks, Steven B. 12; Johnson, Bryan 13; Roberts, James M. 4; Wang, Yuhang 2; Tan, David 2; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atm. Res., Atm. Chem. Division, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 2: Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atm. Sci., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 3: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 4: NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 5: NASA-Langley Research Center, Atm. Sci. Division, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 6: New Mexico State U, Carlsbad Envir. Monitoring Res. Center, Carlsbad, NM 88220, USA; 7: Air Quality Design Inc., Golden, CO 80403, USA; 8: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK; 9: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 10: University of New Hampshire, Climate Change Res. Center, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 11: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, USA; 12: NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 13: NOAA System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2749; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Spatio-temporal variation; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Aeronautics -- Flights; Subject Term: Otter (Transport planes); Subject Term: Mixing; Subject: McMurdo Station (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitric oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Pole chemistry; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Douglas D.
AU  - Seelig, Jon
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Crawford, Jim
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Wang, Yuhang
AU  - Buhr, Marty
AU  - Helmig, Detlev
AU  - Neff, William
AU  - Blake, Don
AU  - Arimoto, Rich
AU  - Eisele, Fred
T1  - A reassessment of Antarctic plateau reactive nitrogen based on ANTCI 2003 airborne and ground based measurements
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2008/04/11/
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2831
EP  - 2848
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The first airborne measurements of nitric oxide (NO) on the Antarctic plateau have demonstrated that the previously reported elevated levels of this species extend well beyond the immediate vicinity of South Pole. Although the current database is still relatively weak and critical laboratory experiments are still needed, the findings here suggest that the chemical uniqueness of the plateau may be substantially greater than first reported. For example, South Pole ground-based findings have provided new evidence showing that the dominant process driving the release of nitrogen from the snowpack during the spring/summer season (post-depositional loss) is photochemical in nature with evaporative processes playing a lesser role. There is also new evidence suggesting that nitrogen, in the form of nitrate, may undergo multiple recycling within a given photochemical season. Speculation here is that this may be a unique property of the plateau and much related to its having persistent cold temperatures even during summer. These conditions promote the efficient adsorption of molecules like HNO3 (and very likely HO2NO2) onto snow-pack surface ice where we have hypothesized enhanced photochemical processing can occur, leading to the efficient release of NO x to the atmosphere. In addition, to these process-oriented tentative conclusions, the findings from the airborne studies, in conjunction with modeling exercises suggest a new paradigm for the plateau atmosphere. The near-surface atmosphere over this massive region can be viewed as serving as much more than a temporary reservoir or holding tank for imported chemical species. It defines an immense atmospheric chemical reactor which is capable of modifying the chemical characteristics of select atmospheric constituents. This reactor has most likely been in place over geological time, and may have led to the chemical modulation of some trace species now found in ice cores. Reactive nitrogen has played a critical role in both establishing and in maintaining this reactor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrates
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Snow
KW  - Nitric oxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Airborne profile recorder
KW  - Plateaus -- Antarctica
KW  - South Pole
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Airborne profiles
KW  - Antarctic plateau
KW  - Hydroxyl radicals
KW  - Ice core chemical proxies
KW  - Nitrate
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Oxidizing canopy
KW  - Reactive nitrogen
KW  - Recycling
N1  - Accession Number: 31410774; Davis, Douglas D. 1; Email Address: douglas.davis@eas.gatech.edu; Seelig, Jon 1; Huey, Greg 1; Crawford, Jim 2; Chen, Gao 2; Wang, Yuhang 1; Buhr, Marty 3; Helmig, Detlev 4; Neff, William 5; Blake, Don 6; Arimoto, Rich 7; Eisele, Fred 8; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: Air Quality Design, Golden, CO 80403, USA; 4: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 5: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 6: Chemistry Department, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 921717, USA; 7: Carsbad Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, New Mexico State University, Carlsbad, NM 88220, USA; 8: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Issue Info: Apr2008, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2831; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Snow; Subject Term: Nitric oxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Airborne profile recorder; Subject Term: Plateaus -- Antarctica; Subject: South Pole; Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne profiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic plateau; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radicals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice core chemical proxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitric oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidizing canopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recycling; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hara, Y.
AU  - Yumimoto, K.
AU  - Uno, I.
AU  - Shimizu, A.
AU  - Sugimoto, N.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Asian dust outflow in the PBL and free atmosphere retrieved by NASA CALIPSO and an assimilated dust transport model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 8715
EP  - 8742
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Three-dimensional structures of Asian dust transport in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and free atmosphere occurring successively during the end of May 2007 were clarified using results of space-borne backscatter lidar, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and results simulated using a data-assimilated version of a dust transport model (RC4) based on a ground-based NIES lidar network. Assimilated results mitigated overestimation of dust concentration by reducing 17.4% of dust emissions and improved the root mean square difference (RMSD) of dust AOT between the model and NIES lidar by 31.2-66.9%. The dust layer depths, vertical and horizontal structure simulated by RC4 agreed with CALIOP from the dust source region to a long-range downwind region for which 3-D distribution of dust clouds had not been clarified previously. Based on CALIOP and RC4, two significant transport mechanisms of Asian dust in the PBL and free atmosphere were clarified: a low level dust outbreak within the dry slot region of a well developed low-pressure system, and formation of an elevated dust layer within the warm sector of a low-pressure system. Finally, the aging of pure dust particles was investigated using the particle depolarization ratio (PDR) at 532nm and the color ratio (CR) at 1064nm and 532nm for the low-altitude dust transport case. Aerosols with high PDR were observed uniformly over the dust source region. As the dust cloud was transported to the eastern downwind regions, aerosols with low PDR and high CR were found in the layer of less than 1 km height, suggesting changes from the external to internal mixing state of spherical aerosols and dust in the surface layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Lows (Meteorology)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 33360064; Hara, Y. 1; Email Address: hara.yukari@nies.go.jp; Yumimoto, K. 2; Uno, I. 3; Shimizu, A. 1; Sugimoto, N. 1; Liu, Z. 4; Winker, D. M. 5; Affiliations: 1: National Institute for Environmental Study, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; 2: Dept. of Earth System Science and Tech., Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 3: Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA23681, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p8715; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Lows (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gürdal, Z.
AU  - Tatting, B.F.
AU  - Wu, C.K.
T1  - Variable stiffness composite panels: Effects of stiffness variation on the in-plane and buckling response
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 911
EP  - 922
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: Descriptions of fiber orientation variation for flat rectangular composite laminates that possess variable stiffness properties are introduced. The simplest definition employs a unidirectional variation based on a linear function for the fiber orientation angle of the individual layers. Analyses of variable stiffness panels for in-plane and buckling responses are developed and demonstrated for two distinct cases of stiffness variations. The first case assumes a stiffness variation in the direction of the loading, and numerical results indicate small improvements in buckling load for some panel configurations due to favorable distribution of the transverse stresses over the panel planform. The second case varies the stiffness perpendicular to the loading, and provides a much higher degree of improvement due to the re-distribution of the applied loads. It is also demonstrated that the variable stiffness concept provides a flexibility to the designer for trade-offs between overall panel stiffness and buckling load, in that there exist many configurations with equal buckling loads yet different global stiffness values, or vice versa. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - B. Buckling
KW  - B. Elasticity
KW  - C. Laminate mechanics
KW  - E. Tow
KW  - Laminate design
N1  - Accession Number: 31755537; Gürdal, Z. 1; Email Address: z.gurdal@tudelft.nl; Tatting, B.F. 2; Wu, C.K. 3; Affiliations: 1: Aerospace Structures Chair holder, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands; 2: ADOPTECH Inc., Blacksburg, VA, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: May2008, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p911; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Elasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Laminate mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Tow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminate design; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2007.11.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=31755537&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hood, E.D.
AU  - Major, D.W.
AU  - Quinn, J.W.
AU  - Yoon, W.-S.
AU  - Gavaskar, A.
AU  - Edwards, E.A.
T1  - Demonstration of Enhanced Bioremediation in a TCE Source Area at Launch Complex 34, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.
JO  - Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation
JF  - Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation
Y1  - 2008///Spring2008
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 107
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 10693629
AB  - The ability of bioremediation to treat a source area containing trichloroethene (TCE) present as dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) was assessed through a laboratory study and a pilot test at Launch Complex 34, Cape Canaveral Air Force Center. The results of microcosm testing indicate that the indigenous microbial community was capable of dechlorinating TCE to ethene if amended with electron donor; however, bioaugmentation with a dechlorinating culture (KB-1; SiREM, Guelph, Ontario, Canada) significantly increased the rate of ethene formation. In microcosms, the activity of the dechlorinating organisms in KB-1 was not inhibited at initial TCE concentrations as high as 2 mM. The initially high TCE concentration in ground water (1.2 mM or 155 mg/L) did not inhibit reductive dechlorination, and at the end of the study, the average concentration of ethene (2.4 mM or 67 mg/L) was in stoichiometric excess of this initial TCE concentration. The production of ethene in stoichiometric excess in comparison to the initial TCE concentration indicates that the bioremediation treatment enhanced the removal of TCE mass (either sorbed to soil or present as DNAPL). Detailed soil sampling indicated that the bioremediation treatment removed greater than 98.5% of the initial TCE mass. Confirmatory ground water samples collected 22 months after the bioremediation treatment indicated that chloroethene concentrations had continued to decline in the absence of further electron donor addition. The results of this study confirm that dechlorination to ethene can proceed at the high TCE concentrations often encountered in source areas and that bioremediation was capable of removing significant TCE mass from the test plot, suggesting that enhanced bioremediation is a potentially viable remediation technology for TCE source areas. Dehalococcoides abundance increased by 2 orders of magnitude following biostimulation and bioaugmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bioremediation
KW  - Dense nonaqueous phase liquids
KW  - Alkenes
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Launch complexes (Astronautics)
KW  - Air forces
KW  - Microcosm & macrocosm
KW  - Cape Canaveral (Fla.)
KW  - Florida
N1  - Accession Number: 32122249; Hood, E.D.; Email Address: ehood@geosyntec.com; Major, D.W. 1; Quinn, J.W. 2; Yoon, W.-S. 3; Gavaskar, A. 4; Edwards, E.A. 5; Affiliations: 1: Principal at Geosyntec Consultants Inc., 130 Research Lane, Suite 2, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 5G3; 2: Environmental Engineer at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Stop YA-C3-C, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899; 3: Environmental Engineer in the Environmental Restoration Section at the Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201; 4: Associate Manager in the Environmental Restoration Section at the Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Ave., Columbus, OH 43201; 5: Professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry at the University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3E5; Issue Info: Spring2008, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p98; Thesaurus Term: Bioremediation; Thesaurus Term: Dense nonaqueous phase liquids; Thesaurus Term: Alkenes; Thesaurus Term: Environmental protection; Subject Term: Launch complexes (Astronautics); Subject Term: Air forces; Subject Term: Microcosm & macrocosm; Subject: Cape Canaveral (Fla.); Subject: Florida; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-6592.2008.00197.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=32122249&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, Carl H.
AU  - Lee, Richard Q.
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert R.
AU  - Kory, Carol L.
AU  - Lambert, Kevin M.
AU  - Van Keuls, Frederick W.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
T1  - Small-Size X-Band Active Integrated Antenna With Feedback Loop.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2008/05//
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 56
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1236
EP  - 1241
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - A small-sized active integrated antenna (AlA), consisting of a transmission feedback oscillator loaded with a microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. The oscillator antenna, which consists of a NEC super low noise high frequency field effect transistor (HF FET) integrated into the center of a segmented patch antenna, was designed for X-band at 8.50 GHz, and occupies a 5 x 6 mm2 area. The active integrated antenna demonstrates stable oscillations and excellent radiation patterns at X-band design frequencies. When biased using a single 1.5 volt battery connected between the source and drain and with the gate terminal open, the antenna effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and direct current (DC)-to-radiated radio frequency (RF) conversion efficiency are +11.2 dBm and 10.5%, respectively. The radiated power level and directivity are +4.5 dBm and 6.7 dBi, respectively. The phase noise at 100 kHz offset from the carrier is -87.5 dBc/Hz, which is a notable improvement over existing AlA designs. The AlA features compact size and simple geometry, yet provides radiated power levels and radiation efficiencies that are comparable to values typically obtained using circuits that occupy larger areas, and use thicker substrates with much lower dielectric constant values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - MICROSTRIP antennas
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - IMPEDANCE matching
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - ELECTRIC oscillators
N1  - Accession Number: 32064489; Source Information: May2008, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1236; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: MICROSTRIP antennas; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: IMPEDANCE matching; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: ELECTRIC oscillators; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2008.922628
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=32064489&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Janice J.
AU  - Ouellette, Amy L.
AU  - Giovangrandi, Laurent
AU  - Cooper, David E.
AU  - Ricco, Antonio J.
AU  - Kovacs, Gregory T. A.
T1  - Optical Scanner for Immunoassays With Up-Converting Phosphorescent Labels.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1560
EP  - 1571
SN  - 00189294
AB  - A 2-D optical scanner was developed for the imaging and quantification of up-converting phosphor (UCP) labels in immunoassays. With resolution better than 500 μm, a scan rate of 0.4 mm/s, and a 1-2% coefficient of variation for repeatability, this scanner achieved a detection limit of fewer than 100 UCP particles in an 8.8 × 104 μm2 area and a dynamic range that covered more than three orders of magnitude. Utilizing this scanner, a microfluidic chip immunoassay for the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was developed: concentrations as low as 3 pM (50 pg/mL) were detected from 100 μL samples with a total assay time of under an hour, including the 8 mm readout. For this UCP-based assay, 2-D images of the capture antibody lines were scanned, image processing techniques were employed to extract the UCP emission signals, a response curve that spanned 3-600 pM WN-γ was generated, and a five-parameter logistic mathematical model was fitted to the data for determination of unknown IFN-γ concentrations. Relative to common single-point or 1-D scanning optical measurements, our results suggest that a simple 2-D imaging system can speed assay development, reduce errors, and improve accuracy by characterizing the spatial distribution and uniformity of surface-captured optical labels as a function of assay conditions and device parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - IMMUNOASSAY
KW  - OPTICAL scanners
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - CYTOKINES
KW  - MICROFLUIDICS
KW  - SPATIAL ability
KW  - Cytokine
KW  - immunoassay
KW  - lateral flow
KW  - microfluidics
KW  - optical scanner
KW  - up-converting phosphor (UCP)
N1  - Accession Number: 31836687; Li, Janice J. 1,2; Email Address: janice.li@sri.com; Ouellette, Amy L. 3; Email Address: amy.ouellette-comell@yale.edu; Giovangrandi, Laurent 1; Email Address: giovan@stanford.edu; Cooper, David E. 4; Email Address: david.cooper@sri.com; Ricco, Antonio J. 5; Email Address: ajricco@stanford.edu; Kovacs, Gregory T. A. 2; Email Address: kovacs@cis.stanford.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; 2: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA; 3: Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA; 4: Small Spacecraft Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; 5: Departments of Electrical Engineering and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Issue Info: May2008, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p1560; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: IMMUNOASSAY; Subject Term: OPTICAL scanners; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: CYTOKINES; Subject Term: MICROFLUIDICS; Subject Term: SPATIAL ability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cytokine; Author-Supplied Keyword: immunoassay; Author-Supplied Keyword: lateral flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: microfluidics; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical scanner; Author-Supplied Keyword: up-converting phosphor (UCP); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 12 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2007.914674
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=31836687&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cnockaert, Laurence
AU  - Migeotte, Pierre-François
AU  - Daubigny, Lise
AU  - Prisk, Kim G.
AU  - Grenez, Francis
AU  - Sá, Rui Carlos
T1  - A Method for the Analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Using Continuous Wavelet Transforms.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1640
EP  - 1642
SN  - 00189294
AB  - A continuous wavelet transform-based method is presented to study the nonstationary strength and phase delay of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). The RSA is the cyclic variation of instantaneous heart rate at the breathing frequency. In studies of cardio-respiratory interaction during sleep, paced breathing or postural changes, low respiratory frequencies, and fast changes can occur. Comparison on synthetic data presented here shows that the proposed method outperforms traditional short-time Fourier-transform analysis in these conditions. On the one hand, wavelet analysis presents a sufficient frequency-resolution to handle low respiratory frequencies, for which time frames should be long in Fourier-based analysis. On the other hand, it is able to track fast variations of the signals in both amplitude and phase for which time frames should be short in Fourier-based analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - ARRHYTHMIA
KW  - CARDIOPULMONARY system
KW  - RESPIRATION
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - SLEEP
KW  - POSTURE
KW  - HEART rate monitoring
KW  - PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system
KW  - Cardio-respiratory interaction
KW  - continuous wavelet transform (CWT)
KW  - heart rate variability (HRV)
KW  - respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)
N1  - Accession Number: 31836696; Cnockaert, Laurence 1,2; Migeotte, Pierre-François 3; Daubigny, Lise 4; Prisk, Kim G. 5; Grenez, Francis 1; Sá, Rui Carlos 6; Email Address: rui.carlos.sa@ulb.ac.be; Affiliations: 1: "Laboratoires d'Images, Signaux et Dispositifs de Télécommunications," Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; 2: Fonds pour la Formation a Ia Recherche dans I'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture, B-1000, Bruxelles, Belgium; 3: Signal and Image Center, Royal Military Academy, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; 4: NXP Semiconductors, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; 5: Physiology National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0931 USA; 6: "Laboratoire de Physique Biomédicale," Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Issue Info: May2008, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p1640; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: ARRHYTHMIA; Subject Term: CARDIOPULMONARY system; Subject Term: RESPIRATION; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: SLEEP; Subject Term: POSTURE; Subject Term: HEART rate monitoring; Subject Term: PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cardio-respiratory interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: continuous wavelet transform (CWT); Author-Supplied Keyword: heart rate variability (HRV); Author-Supplied Keyword: respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2008.918576
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=31836696&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Stefan. J.
AU  - Blackford, Cameron
AU  - Bucki, Patricia
AU  - Jahnke, Linda. L .
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Lee
T1  - A salinity and sulfate manipulation of hypersaline microbial mats reveals stasis in the cyanobacterial community structure.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 457
EP  - 470
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17517362
AB  - The cyanobacterial community structure and composition of hypersaline mats were characterized in an experiment in which native salinity and sulfate levels were modified. Over the course of approximately 1 year, microbial mats collected from Guerrero Negro (Baja, California Sur, Mexico) were equilibrated to lowered salinity (to 35 p.p.t.) and lowered sulfate (below 1mM) conditions. The structure and composition of the cyanobacterial community in the top 5mm of these mats were examined using a multifaceted cultivation-independent molecular approach. Overall, the relative abundance of cyanobacteria—roughly 20% of the total bacterial community, as assayed with a PCRbased methodology—was not significantly affected by these manipulations. Furthermore, the mat cyanobacterial community was only modestly influenced by the dramatic changes in sulfate and salinity, and the dominant cyanobacteria were unaffected. Community composition analyses confirmed the dominant presence of the cosmopolitan cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes, but also revealed the dominance of another Oscillatorian cyanobacterial group, also detected in other hypersaline microbial mats. Cyanobacterial populations increasing in relative abundance under the modified salinity and sulfate conditions were found to be most closely related to other hypersaline microbial mat organisms, suggesting that the development of these mats under native conditions precludes the development of organisms better suited to the less restrictive experimental conditions. These results also indicate that within a significant range of salinity and sulfate concentrations, the cyanobacterial community is remarkably stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - Microcoleus chthonoplastes
KW  - Oscillatoriales
KW  - salinity
KW  - sulfate
N1  - Accession Number: 110628485; Green, Stefan. J. 1,2; Blackford, Cameron 2; Bucki, Patricia 3; Jahnke, Linda. L . 2,4; Prufert-Bebout, Lee 2,4; Email Address: Leslie.E.Bebout@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA.; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 3: The Agricultural Research Organization of Israel, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel.; 4: ,; Issue Info: May2008, Vol. 2 Issue 5, p457; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microcoleus chthonoplastes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oscillatoriales; Author-Supplied Keyword: salinity; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfate; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2008.6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sclafani, Anthony J.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Harrison, Neal A.
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Rivers, S. Melissa
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
T1  - CFL3D/OVERFLOW Results for DLR-F6 Wing/Body and Drag Prediction Workshop Wing.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 762
EP  - 762
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A series of overset grids was generated in response to the Third AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW-III) which preceded the 25th Applied Aerodynamics Conference in June 2006. DPW-III focused on accurate drag prediction for wing/body and wing-alone configurations. The grid series built for each configuration consists of a coarse, medium, fine, and extra-fine mesh. The medium mesh is first constructed using the current state of best practices for overset grid generation. The medium mesh is then coarsened and enhanced by applying a factor of 1.5 to each (I, J, K) dimension. The resulting set of parametrically equivalent grids increase in size by a factor of roughly 3.5 from one level to the next denser level. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed on the overset grids using two different Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers: CFL3D and OVERFLOW. The results were post-processed using Richardson extrapolation to approximate grid-converged values of lift, drag, pitching moment, and angle of attack at the design condition. This technique appears to work well if the solution does not contain large regions of separated flow (similar to that seen in the DLR-F6 results) and appropriate grid densities are selected. The extra-fine grid data helped to establish asymptotic grid convergence for both the OVERFLOW FX2B wing/body results and the OVERFLOWDPW-W1/W2 wing-alone results. More CFL3D data are needed to establish grid convergence trends. The medium grid was used beyond the grid convergence study by running each configuration at several angles of attack so drag polars and lift/pitching moment curves could be evaluated. The alpha sweep results are used to compare data across configurations as well as across flow solvers. With the exception of the wing/body drag polar, the two codes compare well qualitatively showing consistent incremental trends and similar wing pressure comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR resistance
KW  - SKIN friction (Aerodynamics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 33142755; Source Information: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p762; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR resistance; Subject Term: SKIN friction (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Mani, Mori
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Eisfeld, Bernhard
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Zickuhr, Tom
AU  - Laflin, Kelly R.
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
T1  - Abridged Summary of the Third AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 781
EP  - 781
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Third AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW-III) are summarized. The workshop focused on the prediction of both absolute and differential drag levels for wing-body and wing-alone con figurations that are representative of transonic transport aircraft. The baseline DLR-F6 wing-body geometry, previously used in DPWII, is also augmented with a side-of-body fairing to help reduce the complexity of the flow physics in the wing-body juncture region. In addition, two new wing-alone geometries have been developed for DPW-III. Numerical calculations are performed using industry-relevant test cases that include lift-specific and fixed-alpha flight conditions, as well as full drag polars. Drag, lift, and pitching-moment predictions from numerous Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics methods are presented, focused on fully turbulent flows. Solutions are performed on structured, unstructured, and hybrid grid systems. The structured grid sets include point-matched multiblock meshes and overset grid systems. The unstructured and hybrid grid sets are composed of tetrahedral, pyramid, and prismatic elements. Effort was made to provide a high-quality and parametrically consistent family of grids for each grid type about each configuration under study. The wing-body families are composed of a coarse, medium, and fine grid, whereas the wing-alone families also include an extra-fine mesh. These mesh sequences are used to help determine how the provided flow solutions fare with respect to asymptotic grid convergence, and are used to estimate an absolute drag for each configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR resistance
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Longitudinal stability
N1  - Accession Number: 33142756; Source Information: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p781; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR resistance; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Longitudinal stability; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
AU  - Wieseman, Carol D.
T1  - Flutter and Divergence Analysis Using the Generalized Aeroelastic Analysis Method.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 906
EP  - 906
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The generalized aeroelastic analysis method is applied to the analysis of three well-studied check cases: restrained and unrestrained airfoil models and a wing model. An eigenvalue iteration procedure is used for converging upon roots of the complex stability matrix. For the airfoil models, exact root loci are given, which clearly illustrate the nature of the flutter and divergence instabilities. The singularities involved are enumerated, including an additional pole at the origin for the unrestrained airfoil case and the emergence of an additional pole on the positive real axis at the divergence speed for the restrained airfoil case. Inconsistencies and differences among published aeroelastic root loci and the new, exact results are discussed and resolved. The generalization of a doublet lattice method computer code is described, and the code is applied to the calculation of root loci for the wing model for incompressible and for subsonic flow conditions. The error introduced in the reduction of the singular integral equation underlying the unsteady lifting surface theory to a linear algebraic equation is discussed. Acknowledging this inherent error, the solutions of the algebraic equation by generalized aeroelastic analysis method are termed "exact." The singularities of the problem are discussed, and exponential series approximations used in the evaluation of the kernel function are shown to introduce a dense collection of poles and zeroes on the negative real axis. Again, inconsistencies and differences among published aeroelastic root loci and the new, "exact" results are discussed and resolved. In all cases, aeroelastic flutter and divergence speeds and Thus, all points on the computed root loci can be matched-point, consistent solutions without recourse to complex mode tracking logic or dataset interpolation, as in the frequencies are in good agreement with published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ELASTIC waves
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - MODEL airplanes -- Wings
N1  - Accession Number: 33142765; Source Information: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p906; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELASTIC waves; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes -- Wings; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lan, C. Edward
AU  - Bianchi, Silvia
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
T1  - Estimation of Nonlinear Aerodynamic Roll Models for Identification of Uncommanded Rolling Motions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 916
EP  - 916
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Detailed analysis of wind-tunnel data in free-to-roll testing of one aircraft model, the preproduction F/A-18E, in a transonic tunnel is presented. The main purpose is to identify possible uncommanded rolling motions of the full-scale aircraft by examining the roll dynamic characteristics of the model in the tunnel. To improve the tunnel balance data, the bearing-friction effect on the balance rolling-moment coefficient was removed. The corrected rolling-moment coefficients are then modeled through a fuzzy-logic algorithm. The resulting aerodynamic models are employed in calculating all roll derivatives by a central-difference scheme. The proposed wing-drop theory relies on the values of the relative aerodynamic stiffness in the rolling equation of motion, which is assumed to be composed of two terms: derivatives with respect to the roll angle alone and second-order derivatives of the rolling-moment coefficient with respect to the roll angle and angle of attack. Wing drop is predicted if the relative aerodynamic stiffness changes sign from that of the overall motion and if the contributions to the rolling-moment coefficient from both the first-order and second-order derivatives are of the same sign and are small in value. This is equivalent to the vanishing of a frequency with damping in the vibration theory. It is found that at a low angle of attack and a transonic Mach number, the dynamic motion is wing rock. As the angle of attack is increased, the wing-drop condition is initially exhibited with a single event, then with multiple occurrences of wing drop at a higher angle of attack, with the magnitude of roll-off angles changing with time. It is also found that wing-rock motion in the tunnel on a free-to-roll test rig is mostly caused by the unstable effect of time rate of sideslip angle, not by the traditional roll damping due to roll rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROLLING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - LATERAL stability of airplanes
KW  - FUZZY logic
KW  - FUZZY systems
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction
N1  - Accession Number: 33142766; Source Information: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p916; Subject Term: ROLLING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LATERAL stability of airplanes; Subject Term: FUZZY logic; Subject Term: FUZZY systems; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lim, Joon W.
AU  - Strawn, Roger C.
T1  - Computational Modeling of HART II Blade-Vortex Interaction Loading and Wake System.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 923
EP  - 923
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Correlations using a loosely coupled trim methodology of the computational fluid dynamics (OVERFLOW-2) and computational structural dynamics (CAMRAD-II) codes are presented to calculate the helicopter rotor blade-vortex interaction airloads and wake system for the higher-harmonic aeroacoustic rotor test (HART II) rotor at an advance ratio of 0.15. Five different grid models are studied to quantify the effects of grid refinement on rotor-wake resolution. The fine grid model has a total of 113 million grid points and it improves airload predictions compared with the standard grid model for three HART II test cases: baseline, minimum noise, and minimum vibration. The rotorwake positions are well predicted by this fine grid model. The computed vorticity field for a young vortex using the fine grid model is compared with the measured particle image velocimetry data and the results are good. The fine grid model underpredicts the experimental value for the maximum vorticity by 61%. The predicted vortex core radius is 15% in chord for the fine grid while the measured data show about 5% chord length. The predicted swirl velocity is, however, higher than the measured data for this vortex. The results in this paper provide the first quantitative comparisons between the measured and computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics computed flowfield for a helicopter rotor-wake system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Design & construction
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - ROTORS -- Dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 33142767; Source Information: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p923; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: ROTORS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Albertani, R.
AU  - Stanford, B.
AU  - DeLoach, R.
AU  - Hubner, J. P.
AU  - Ifju, P.
T1  - Wind-Tunnel Testing and Modeling of a Micro Air Vehicle with Flexible Wings.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1025
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The field of micro air vehicles is relatively immature; consequently, high-fidelity simulations do not yet exist for a generic aircraft. The fidelity of flight dynamic simulations is closely correlated to the reliability of models representing the vehicle's aerodynamic and propulsion characteristics in the entire flight envelope, including the nonlinear region. This paper discusses wind-tunnel experiments performed to investigate the aerodynamic and mechanical characteristics of micro air vehicles with flexible wings in different conditions of propeller type, motor power, and elevator deflections. Visual image correlation was used to measure the deformation of the flexible wings to quantify general features such as variations in aerodynamic and geometric twist angle. Aerodynamic and propulsion results were used to formulate empirical models of the relevant coefficients in the form of multiple linear regressions and to estimate the effectors' functional dependencies and interactions. High-order nonlinear interactions were confirmed between the coefficients of lift, drag, and pitching moment with the independent variables. The rates of the dependencies with elevator deflections and angle of attack were found, to some extent, to be motor voltage and dynamic pressure dependent, evincing a strong coupling with the propeller speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICRO air vehicles
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - FLIGHT
N1  - Accession Number: 33142777; Source Information: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p1025; Subject Term: MICRO air vehicles; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Mechanical unloading impairs keratinocyte migration and angiogenesis during cutaneous wound healing.
AU  - Radek, Katherine A.
AU  - Baer, Lisa A.
AU  - Eckhardt, Jennifer
AU  - DiPietro, Luisa A.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 104
IS  - 5
SP  - 1295
EP  - 1303
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 32044323; Author: Radek, Katherine A.: 1,2 Author: Baer, Lisa A.: 2,3 Author: Eckhardt, Jennifer: 2 Author: DiPietro, Luisa A.: 4 Author: Wade, Charles E.: 2,3 email: charles.wade@amedd.army.mil. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California: 2 Life Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California: 3 United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, Texas: 4 Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20080517
N2  - Although initially thought to improve an individual's ability to heal, mechanical unloading promoted by extended periods of bed rest has emerged as a contributing factor to delayed or aberrant tissue repair. Using a rat hindlimb unloading (HLU) model of hypogravity, we mimicked some aspects of physical inactivity by removing weight- 1 bearing loads from the hindlimbs and producing a systemic cephalic fluid shift. This model simulates bed rest in that the animal undergoes I physiological adaptations, resulting in a reduction in exercise capaibility, increased frequency of orthostatic intolerance, and a reduction in plasma volume. To investigate whether changes associated with prior prolonged bed rest correlate with impaired cutaneous wound i healing, we examined wound closure, angiogenesis, and collagen content in day 2 to day 2] wounds from rats exposed to HLU 2 wk 1 before excisional wounding. Wound closure was delayed in day 2 wounds from HLU rats compared with ambulatory controls. Although the levels of proangiogenic growth factors, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEOF) were similar between the two groups, wound vascularity was significantly reduced ( in day 7 wounds from HLU animals. To further examine this dispar- 1 ity, total collagen content was assessed but found to be similar `. between the two groups. Taken together, these results suggest that keratinocyte and endothelial cell function may be impaired during the wound healing process under periods of prolonged inactivity or bed rest. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *WOUND healing
KW  - *TISSUES
KW  - *SKIN
KW  - KERATINOCYTES
KW  - NEOVASCULARIZATION
KW  - RATS
KW  - rat
KW  - skin
KW  - tissue repair
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orton, Glenn S.
AU  - Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma A.
AU  - Fisher, Brendan M.
AU  - Friedson, A. James
AU  - Parrish, Paul D.
AU  - Nelson, Jesse F.
AU  - Bauermeister, Amber Swenson
AU  - Fletcher, Leigh
AU  - Gezari, Daniel Y.
AU  - Varosi, Frank
AU  - Tokunaga, Alan T.
AU  - Caldwell, John
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Hora, Joseph L.
AU  - Ressler, Michael E.
AU  - Fujiyoshi, Takuya
AU  - Fuse, Tetsuharu
AU  - Hagopian, Hagop
AU  - Martin, Terry Z.
AU  - Bergstralh, Jay T.
T1  - Semi-annual oscillations in Saturn’s low-latitude stratospheric temperatures.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/05/08/
VL  - 453
IS  - 7192
M3  - Article
SP  - 196
EP  - 199
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Observations of oscillations of temperature and wind in planetary atmospheres provide a means of generalizing models for atmospheric dynamics in a diverse set of planets in the Solar System and elsewhere. An equatorial oscillation similar to one in the Earth’s atmosphere has been discovered in Jupiter. Here we report the existence of similar oscillations in Saturn’s atmosphere, from an analysis of over two decades of spatially resolved observations of its 7.8-μm methane and 12.2-μm ethane stratospheric emissions, where we compare zonal-mean stratospheric brightness temperatures at planetographic latitudes of 3.6° and 15.5° in both the northern and the southern hemispheres. These results support the interpretation of vertical and meridional variability of temperatures in Saturn’s stratosphere as a manifestation of a wave phenomenon similar to that on the Earth and in Jupiter. The period of this oscillation is 14.8 ± 1.2 terrestrial years, roughly half of Saturn’s year, suggesting the influence of seasonal forcing, as is the case with the Earth’s semi-annual oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Oscillating chemical reactions
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Stochastic processes
KW  - Fluctuations (Physics)
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 31918023; Orton, Glenn S. 1; Email Address: glenn.orton@jpl.nasa.gov; Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma A. 1; Fisher, Brendan M. 2; Friedson, A. James 1; Parrish, Paul D. 3; Nelson, Jesse F. 4; Bauermeister, Amber Swenson 5; Fletcher, Leigh 1; Gezari, Daniel Y. 6; Varosi, Frank 7; Tokunaga, Alan T. 8; Caldwell, John 9; Baines, Kevin H. 2; Hora, Joseph L. 10; Ressler, Michael E. 11; Fujiyoshi, Takuya 12; Fuse, Tetsuharu 12; Hagopian, Hagop 13; Martin, Terry Z. 1; Bergstralh, Jay T. 14; Affiliations: 1: MS 169-237, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 2: MS 183-601, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 3: School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK; 4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, 5709 Bennett Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, USA; 5: Astronomy Department, 601 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3411, USA; 6: Code 667, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 7: Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, PO Box 112055, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA; 8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2880 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA; 9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada; 10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 11: MS 79-5, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 12: Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA; 13: Department of Computer Science, 4732 Boelter Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; 14: Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: 5/8/2008, Vol. 453 Issue 7192, p196; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Brightness temperature; Subject Term: Oscillating chemical reactions; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Planetary atmospheres; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Stochastic processes; Subject Term: Fluctuations (Physics); Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature06897
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huete, A.R.
AU  - Restrepo-Coupe, N.
AU  - Ratana, P.
AU  - Didan, K.
AU  - Saleska, S.R.
AU  - Ichii, K.
AU  - Panuthai, S.
AU  - Gamo, M.
T1  - Multiple site tower flux and remote sensing comparisons of tropical forest dynamics in Monsoon Asia
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2008/05/15/
VL  - 148
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 748
EP  - 760
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: The spatial and temporal dynamics of tropical forest functioning are poorly understood, partly attributed to a weak seasonality and high tree species diversity at the landscape scale. Recent neotropical rainforest studies with local tower flux measurements have revealed strong seasonal carbon fluxes that follow the availability of sunlight in intact forests, while in areas of forest disturbance, carbon fluxes more closely tracked seasonal water availability. These studies also showed a strong seasonal correspondence of satellite measures of greenness, using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (E VI) with ecosystem carbon fluxes in both intact and disturbed forests, which may enable larger scale extension of tower flux measurements. In this study, we investigated the seasonal patterns and relationships of local site tower flux measures of gross primary productivity (P g) with independent Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite greenness measures across three Monsoon Asia tropical forest types, encompassing drought-deciduous, dry evergreen, and humid evergreen secondary tropical forests. In contrast to neotropical forests, the tropical forests of Monsoon Asia are more extensively degraded and heterogeneous due to intense land use pressures, and therefore, may exhibit unique seasonal patterns of ecosystem fluxes that are more likely water-limited and drought-susceptible. Our results show significant phenologic variability and response to moisture and light controls across the three tropical forest sites and at the regional scale. The drier tropical forests were primarily water-limited, while the wet evergreen secondary forest showed a slight positive trend with light availability. Satellite E VI greenness observations were generally synchronized and linearly related with seasonal and inter-annual tower flux P g measurements at the multiple sites and provided better opportunities for tower extension of carbon fluxes than other satellite products, such as the MODIS P g product. Satellite E VI-derived P g images revealed strong seasonal variations in photosynthetic activity throughout the Monsoon Asia tropical region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Trees
KW  - Nursery stock
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Droughts
KW  - AsiaFlux
KW  - MODIS E VI
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Tropical forests
N1  - Accession Number: 32073054; Huete, A.R. 1,2; Email Address: ahuete@ag.arizona.edu; Restrepo-Coupe, N. 3; Ratana, P. 4; Didan, K. 1; Saleska, S.R. 2,3; Ichii, K. 5; Panuthai, S. 6; Gamo, M. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Soil, Water & Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 2: Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 3: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 4: Department of Geotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand; 5: San Jose State University and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; 7: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan; Issue Info: May2008, Vol. 148 Issue 5, p748; Thesaurus Term: Trees; Thesaurus Term: Nursery stock; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Droughts; Author-Supplied Keyword: AsiaFlux; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS E VI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical forests; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411130 Nursery stock and plant merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111421 Nursery and Tree Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424930 Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.012
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jing Su
AU  - Jianping Huang
AU  - Qiang Fu
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Ge, Jinming
AU  - Jianrong Bi
T1  - Estimation of Asian dust aerosol effect on cloud radiation forcing using Fu-Liou radiative model and CERES measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/05/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2763
EP  - 2771
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The impact of Asian dust on cloud radiative forcing during 2003-2006 is studied by using the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy Budget Scanner (CERES) data and the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model. Analysis of satellite data shows that the dust aerosol significantly reduced the cloud cooling effect at TOA. In dust contaminated cloudy regions, the 4-year mean values of the instantaneous shortwave, longwave and net cloud radiative forcing are -138.9, 69.1, and -69.7Wm-2, which are 57.0, 74.2, and 46.3%, respectively, of the corresponding values in pristine cloudy regions. The satellite-retrieved cloud properties are significantly different in the dusty regions and can influence the radiative forcing indirectly. The contributions to the cloud radiation forcing by the dust direct, indirect and semi-direct effects are estimated using combined satellite observations and Fu-Liou model simulation. The 4-year mean value of combination of dust indirect and semi-direct shortwave radiative forcing (SWRF) is 82.2Wm-2, which is 78.4% of the total dust effect. The dust direct effect is only 22.7Wm-2, which is 21.6% of the total effect. Because both first and second indirect effects enhance cloud cooling, the aerosol-induced cloud warming is mainly the result of the semi-direct effect of dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Dust
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Artificial satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 32576169; Jing Su 1; Jianping Huang 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn; Qiang Fu 1,2; Minnis, P. 3; Ge, Jinming 1; Jianrong Bi 1; Affiliations: 1: College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 10, p2763; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Anderson, Robert C.
AU  - Barlow, Nadine G.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hirdy
AU  - Davies, Ashley G.
AU  - Jeffrey Taylor, G.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Keller, John
AU  - Kerry, Kris
AU  - Janes, Daniel
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Glamoclija, Mihaela
AU  - Marinangeli, Lucia
AU  - Ori, Gian G.
AU  - Strom, Robert G.
AU  - Williams, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Ferris, Justin C.
AU  - Rodríguez, J.A.P.
T1  - Recent geological and hydrological activity on Mars: The Tharsis/Elysium corridor
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/05/15/
VL  - 56
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 985
EP  - 1013
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The paradigm of an ancient warm, wet, and dynamically active Mars, which transitioned into a cold, dry, and internally dead planet, has persisted up until recently despite published Viking-based geologic maps that indicate geologic and hydrologic activity extending into the Late Amazonian epoch. This paradigm is shifting to a water-enriched planet, which may still exhibit internal activity, based on a collection of geologic, hydrologic, topographic, chemical, and elemental evidences obtained by the Viking, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Odyssey (MO), Mars Exploration Rovers (MER), and Mars Express (MEx) missions. The evidence includes: (1) stratigraphically young rock materials such as pristine lava flows with few, if any, superposed impact craters; (2) tectonic features that cut stratigraphically young materials; (3) features with possible aqueous origin such as structurally controlled channels that dissect stratigraphically young materials and anastomosing-patterned slope streaks on hillslopes; (4) spatially varying elemental abundances for such elements as hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) recorded in rock materials up to 0.33m depth; and (5) regions of elevated atmospheric methane. This evidence is pronounced in parts of Tharsis, Elysium, and the region that straddles the two volcanic provinces, collectively referred to here as the Tharsis/Elysium corridor. Based in part on field investigations of Solfatara Crater, Italy, recommended as a suitable terrestrial analog, the Tharsis/Elysium corridor should be considered a prime target for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) investigations and future science-driven exploration to investigate whether Mars is internally and hydrologically active at the present time, and whether the persistence of this activity has resulted in biologic activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Lava flows
KW  - Planets
KW  - Magmatism
KW  - Hydrothermal activity
KW  - Life
KW  - Mars
KW  - Present Mars
KW  - Tectonism
N1  - Accession Number: 32087878; Dohm, James M. 1,2; Email Address: jmd@hwr.arizona.edu; Anderson, Robert C. 3; Barlow, Nadine G. 4; Miyamoto, Hirdy 5; Davies, Ashley G. 3; Jeffrey Taylor, G. 6; Baker, Victor R. 1,2; Boynton, William V. 2; Keller, John 2; Kerry, Kris 2; Janes, Daniel 2; Fairén, Alberto G. 7,8; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 9; Glamoclija, Mihaela 10; Marinangeli, Lucia 10; Ori, Gian G. 10; Strom, Robert G. 2; Williams, Jean-Pierre 11; Ferris, Justin C. 12; Rodríguez, J.A.P. 13; Affiliations: 1: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721,USA; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Techonolgy, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; 5: Department of Geosystem Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan; 6: Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822, USA; 7: Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; 8: Space Science and Astrobiology, Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 9: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; 10: IRSPS, Università d’Annunzio, Pescara, Italy; 11: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 12: West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Palmer, AK 99645, USA; 13: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Issue Info: May2008, Vol. 56 Issue 7, p985; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Subject Term: Lava flows; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Magmatism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrothermal activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Present Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tectonism; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.01.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Woodcock, Curtis E.
AU  - Allen, Richard
AU  - Anderson, Martha
AU  - Belward, Alan
AU  - Bindschadler, Robert
AU  - Cohen, Warren
AU  - Gao, Feng
AU  - Goward, Samuel N.
AU  - Helder, Dennis
AU  - Helmer, Eileen
AU  - Nemani, Rama
AU  - Oreopoulos, Lazaros
AU  - Schott, John
AU  - Thenkabail, Prasad S
AU  - Vermote, Eric F.
AU  - Vogelmann, James
AU  - Wulder, Michael A.
AU  - Wynne, Randolph
T1  - Free Access to Landsat Imagery.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/05/23/
VL  - 320
IS  - 5879
M3  - Letter
SP  - 1011
EP  - 1011
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented about the release of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)'s new Landsat Data Distribution Policy which provides free access to Landsat images.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Landsat satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 32479977; Woodcock, Curtis E. 1; Email Address: curtis@bu.edu; Allen, Richard 2; Anderson, Martha 3; Belward, Alan 4; Bindschadler, Robert 5; Cohen, Warren 6; Gao, Feng 5; Goward, Samuel N. 1; Helder, Dennis 7; Helmer, Eileen 8; Nemani, Rama 9; Oreopoulos, Lazaros 5; Schott, John 10; Thenkabail, Prasad S 11; Vermote, Eric F. 12; Vogelmann, James 13; Wulder, Michael A. 14; Wynne, Randolph 15; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; 2: University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, ID B3341, USA; 3: USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; 4: European Commission Joint Research Center, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Global Environment Monitoring Unit, 21020, Ispra, Varese, Italy; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 6: USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; 7: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; 8: International Institute of Tropical Forestry, U.S. Forest Service/Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA; 9: NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 10: Rochester Institute of Technology, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; 11: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 127, Sunil Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka; 12: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 13: SAIC/USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA; 14: Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC VBZ 1M5, Canada; 15: Department of Forestry, Virginia Tech University, Bfacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Issue Info: 5/23/2008, Vol. 320 Issue 5879, p1011; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Ruff, S.
AU  - Getiert, R.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Crumpter, L.
AU  - Farmer, J. D.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
AU  - Yen, A.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Wang, A.
AU  - McCoy, T. J.
AU  - Schmidt, M. E.
AU  - de Souza Jr., P. A.
T1  - Detection of Silica-Rich Deposits on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/05/23/
VL  - 320
IS  - 5879
M3  - Article
SP  - 1063
EP  - 1067
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Mineral deposits on the martian surface can elucidate ancient environmental conditions on the planet. Opaline silica deposits (as much as 91 weight percent SiO2) have been found in association with volcanic materials by the Mars rover Spirit. The deposits are present both as Light-toned soils and as bedrock. We interpret these materials to have formed under hydrothermal conditions and therefore to be strong indicators of a former aqueous environment. This discovery is important for understanding the past habitability of Mars because hydrothermal environments on Earth support thriving microbial ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Hydrothermal deposits
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Silica
KW  - Opal glass
KW  - Earth (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 32480002; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu; Arvidson, R. E. 2; Ruff, S. 3; Getiert, R. 4; Morris, R. V. 5; Ming, D. W. 5; Crumpter, L. 6; Farmer, J. D. 3; Des Marais, D. J. 7; Yen, A. 8; McLennan, S. M. 9; Calvin, W. 10; Bell III, J. F. 1; Clark, B. C. 11; Wang, A. 2; McCoy, T. J. 12; Schmidt, M. E. 12; de Souza Jr., P. A. 13; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; 3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 4: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; 5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 6: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 9: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; 10: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA; 11: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA; 12: Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA; 13: Tasmanian Information and Communication Technology Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Issue Info: 5/23/2008, Vol. 320 Issue 5879, p1063; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Hydrothermal deposits; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Silica; Subject Term: Opal glass; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1155429
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yumimoto, K.
AU  - Uno, I.
AU  - Sugimoto, N.
AU  - Shimizu, A.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Adjoint inversion modeling of Asian dust emission using lidar observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2869
EP  - 2884
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - A four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) data assimilation system for a regional dust model (RAMS/CFORS-4DVAR; RC4) is applied to an adjoint inversion of a heavy dust event over eastern Asia during 20 March-4 April 2007. The vertical profiles of the dust extinction coefficients derived from NIES Lidar network are directly assimilated, with validation using observation data. Two experiments assess impacts of observation site selection: Experiment A uses five Japanese observation sites located downwind of dust source regions; Experiment B uses these and two other sites near source regions. Assimilation improves the modeled dust extinction coefficients. Experiment A and Experiment B assimilation results are mutually consistent, indicating that observations of Experiment A distributed over Japan can provide comprehensive information related to dust emission inversion. Time series data of dust AOT calculated using modeled and Lidar dust extinction coefficients improve the model results. At Seoul, Matsue, and Toyama, assimilation reduces the root mean square differences of dust AOT by 35-40%. However, at Beijing and Tsukuba, the RMS differences degrade because of fewer observations during the heavy dust event. Vertical profiles of the dust layer observed by CALIPSO are compared with assimilation results. The dense dust layer was trapped at potential temperatures (θ) of 280-300K and was higher toward the north; the model reproduces those characteristics well. Latitudinal distributions of modeled dust AOT along the CALIPSO orbit paths agree well with those of CALIPSO dust AOT, OMI AI, and MODIS coarse-mode AOT, capturing the latitude at which AOTs and AI have high values. Assimilation results show in creased dust emissions over the Gobi Desert and Mongolia; especially for 29-30 March, emission flux is about 10 times greater. Strong dust uplift fluxes over the Gobi Desert and Mongolia cause the heavy dust event. Total optimized dust emissions are 57.9 Tg (Experiment A; 57.8% larger than before assimilation) and 56.3 Tg (Experiment B; 53.4% larger). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere -- Research
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Replication (Experimental design)
KW  - Computer software
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Latitude variation
KW  - Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 32780185; Yumimoto, K. 1; Email Address: yumimoto@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp; Uno, I. 2; Sugimoto, N. 3; Shimizu, A. 3; Liu, Z. 4; Winker, D. M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 2: Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 3: National Institute for Environmental Study, Tsukuba, Japan; 4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 11, p2869; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Replication (Experimental design); Subject Term: Computer software; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Latitude variation; Subject: Asia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Bowman, Kevin W.
AU  - Burrows, John P.
AU  - Richter, Andreas
AU  - Chance, Kelly W.
AU  - Edwards, David P.
AU  - Martin, Randall V.
AU  - Morris, Gary A.
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Ziemke, Jerald R.
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim A.
AU  - Creilson, John K.
AU  - Schaack, Todd K.
AU  - Thompson, Anne M.
T1  - REMOTE SENSING OF TROPOSPHERIC POLLUTION FROM SPACE.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 89
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 805
EP  - 821
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article reports on remote sensing of tropospheric pollution from space. It is said that the ability to measure air pollution and other chemically reactive trace gases in the lower atmosphere from satellites has a heritage dating back nearly three decades. Tropospheric ozone is said to be the central character that drives the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. The two major sources of O3 are said to be its transport from the huge stratospheric reservoir and its in situ photochemical production from the release of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors that are oxidized in the atmosphere to eventually become ozone. It is stated that from satellites, HCHO, CO, O, and NO2 can be measured.  INSETS: THE NRC REPORT;BASIC TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND WHAT CAN BE OBSERVED FROM SPACE.
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Air pollution forecasting
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Air analysis
KW  - Continuous emission monitoring
KW  - Emission inventories
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Free-space optical technology
N1  - Accession Number: 33064223; Fishman, Jack 1; Email Address: jack.fishman@nasa.gov; Bowman, Kevin W. 2; Burrows, John P. 3; Richter, Andreas 3; Chance, Kelly W. 4; Edwards, David P. 5; Martin, Randall V. 6; Morris, Gary A. 7; Pierce, R. Bradley 8; Ziemke, Jerald R. 9; Al-Saadi, Jassim A. 1; Creilson, John K. 1; Schaack, Todd K. 10; Thompson, Anne M. 11; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California; 3: University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 6: Dalhousie University, Halifax, NOva Scotia, Canada and Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 7: Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana; 8: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Madison, Wisconsin; 9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 10: University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madision, Wisconsin; 11: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Issue Info: Jun2008, Vol. 89 Issue 6, p805; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Tropospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Air analysis; Thesaurus Term: Continuous emission monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Emission inventories; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Free-space optical technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008BAMS2526.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Haoqiang
AU  - Chapman, Barbara
AU  - Huang, Lei
AU  - an Mey, Dieter
AU  - Reichstein, Thomas
T1  - Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Zone Application in Different OpenMP Approaches.
JO  - International Journal of Parallel Programming
JF  - International Journal of Parallel Programming
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 312
EP  - 325
SN  - 08857458
AB  - We describe a performance study of a multi-zone application benchmark implemented in several OpenMP approaches that exploit multi-level parallelism and deal with unbalanced workload. The multi-zone application was derived from the well-known NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB) suite that involves flow solvers on collections of loosely coupled discretization meshes. Parallel versions of this application have been developed using the Subteam concept and Workqueuing model as extensions to the current OpenMP. We examine the performance impact of these extensions to OpenMP and compare with hybrid and nested OpenMP approaches on several large parallel systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Parallel Programming is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - TOTAL quality management
KW  - BEST practices
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - QUALITY assurance
KW  - TOTAL quality control
KW  - Multi-level parallelism
KW  - OpenMP extensions
KW  - Performance evaluation
N1  - Accession Number: 31975615; Jin, Haoqiang 1; Email Address: hjin@nas.nasa.gov; Chapman, Barbara 2; Email Address: chapman@cs.uh.edu; Huang, Lei 2; Email Address: leihuang@cs.uh.edu; an Mey, Dieter 3; Email Address: anmey@rz.rwth-aachen.de; Reichstein, Thomas 3; Email Address: reichstein@rz.rwth-aachen.de; Affiliations: 1: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 258-1, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000, USA; 2: Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004 USA; 3: Center for Computing and Communication, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Issue Info: Jun2008, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p312; Thesaurus Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Thesaurus Term: TOTAL quality management; Thesaurus Term: BEST practices; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Thesaurus Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: TOTAL quality control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-level parallelism; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP extensions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance evaluation; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10766-008-0074-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, H.
AU  - Pinker, R. T.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Khaiyer, M. M.
T1  - Experiments with Cloud Properties: Impact on Surface Radiative Fluxes.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 25
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1040
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface provides the primary forcing of the climate system, and thus, information on this parameter is needed at a global scale. Several satellite-based estimates of surface radiative fluxes are available, but they differ from each other in many aspects. The focus of this study is to highlight one aspect of such differences, namely, the way satellite-observed radiances are used to derive information on cloud optical properties and the impact this has on derived parameters such as surface radiative fluxes. Frequently, satellite visible radiance in a single channel is used to infer cloud transmission; at times, several spectral channels are utilized to derive cloud optical properties and use these to infer cloud transmission. In this study, an evaluation of these two approaches will be performed in terms of impact on the accuracy in surface radiative fluxes. The University of Maryland Satellite Radiation Budget (UMD/SRB) model is used as a tool to perform such an evaluation over the central United States. The estimated shortwave fluxes are evaluated against ground observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Central Facility and at four ARM extended sites. It is shown that the largest differences between these two approaches occur during the winter season when snow is on the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Condensation (Meteorology)
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - Cloud forecasting
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 32518008; Wang, H. 1; Pinker, R. T. 1; Email Address: pinker@atmos.umd.edu; Minnis, P. 2; Khaiyer, M. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jun2008, Vol. 25 Issue 6, p1034; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Condensation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject Term: Cloud forecasting; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JTECHO546.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=32518008&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
T1  - Sensitivity of a Large Ensemble of Tropical Convective Systems to Changes in the Thermodynamic and Dynamic Forcings.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 65
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1773
EP  - 1794
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - A two-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) is used to perform five sets of simulations of 68 deep convective cloud objects identified with Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data to examine their sensitivity to changes in thermodynamic and dynamic forcings. The control set of simulations uses observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and is forced by advective cooling and moistening tendencies derived from a large-scale model analysis matched to the time and location of each cloud object. Cloud properties, such as albedo, effective cloud height, cloud ice and snow path, and cloud radiative forcing (CRF), are analyzed in terms of their frequency distributions rather than their mean values. Two sets of simulations, F+50% and F-50%, use advective tendencies that are 50% greater and 50% smaller than the control tendencies, respectively. The increased cooling and moistening tendencies cause more widespread convection in the F+50% set of simulations, resulting in clouds that are optically thicker and higher than those produced by the control and F-50% sets of simulations. The magnitudes of both longwave and shortwave CRF are skewed toward higher values with the increase in advective forcing. These significant changes in overall cloud properties are associated with a substantial increase in deep convective cloud fraction (from 0.13 for the F-50% simulations to 0.34 for the F+50% simulations) and changes in the properties of non–deep convective clouds, rather than with changes in the properties of deep convective clouds. Two other sets of simulations, SST+2K and SST-2K, use SSTs that are 2 K higher and 2 K lower than those observed, respectively. The updrafts in the SST+2K simulations tend to be slightly stronger than those of the control and SST-2K simulations, which may cause the SST+2K cloud tops to be higher. The changes in cloud properties, though smaller than those due to changes in the dynamic forcings, occur in both deep convective and non–deep convective cloud categories. The overall changes in some cloud properties are moderately significant when the SST is changed by 4 K. The changes in the domain-averaged shortwave and longwave CRFs are larger in the dynamic forcing sensitivity sets than in the SST sensitivity sets. The cloud feedback effects estimated from the SST-2K and SST+2K sets are comparable to prior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Cooling power (Meteorology)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Dynamic meteorology
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 33434208; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1,2; Email Address: zachary.a.eitzen@nasa.gov; Xu, Kuan-Man 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Mail Stop 420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.; 3: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jun2008, Vol. 65 Issue 6, p1773; Thesaurus Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Cooling power (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Dynamic meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Clouds; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAS2446.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guise, Jeanne-Marie
AU  - Lowe, Nancy K.
AU  - Connell, Linda
T1  - Patient Safety in Obstetrics: What Aviators, Firefighters and Others Can Teach Us.
JO  - Nursing for Women's Health
JF  - Nursing for Women's Health
Y1  - 2008/06//Jun/Jul2008
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 208
EP  - 215
SN  - 17514851
AB  - The article offers information on how the Aviation Safety Reporting System works. Reporting systems are acknowledged in the health care safety community as essential for fostering improved safety and quality of care. With this, the advantages and disadvantages of anonymous versus confidential reporting systems, general medical versus specialty,focused systems and organizational versus international systems and their roles in promoting safety learning and safety culture are briefly presented.
KW  - MEDICAL records
KW  - PATIENTS -- Safety measures
KW  - PATIENT satisfaction
KW  - PATIENT education
KW  - AERONAUTICS in medicine
KW  - MEDICAL care
KW  - HEALTH facilities
KW  - HEALTH risk assessment
N1  - Accession Number: 32485250; Guise, Jeanne-Marie 1; Email Address: guisej@ohsu.edu; Lowe, Nancy K. 2; Connell, Linda 3; Source Information: Jun/Jul2008, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p208; Subject: MEDICAL records; Subject: PATIENTS -- Safety measures; Subject: PATIENT satisfaction; Subject: PATIENT education; Subject: AERONAUTICS in medicine; Subject: MEDICAL care; Subject: HEALTH facilities; Subject: HEALTH risk assessment; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1751-486X.2008.00325.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Griffin, Michael D.
T1  - BUILDING NASA'S FUTURE.
JO  - Vital Speeches of the Day
JF  - Vital Speeches of the Day
J1  - Vital Speeches of the Day
PY  - 2008/06//
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 74
IS  - 6
M3  - Speech
SP  - 242
EP  - 246
PB  - Pro Rhetoric, LLC
SN  - 0042742X
AB  - The speech "Building NASA's Future" is presented, delivered by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Administrator Michael D. Griffin to the Second Annual Billig-Croft Lecture at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland on April 17, 2008, discussing engineering education and the importance for engineers of learning from experience.
KW  - GRIFFIN, Michael D. (Michael Douglas), 1949-
N1  - Accession Number: 32197975; Source Information: Jun2008, Vol. 74 Issue 6, p242; Subject Term: GRIFFIN, Michael D. (Michael Douglas), 1949-; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Speech; ; Full Text Word Count: 4056; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Roads, John O.
T1  - Diurnal to Annual Precipitation Sensitivity to Convective and Land Surface Schemes.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2008/06/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - Precipitation’s diurnal to annual variance distribution and atmospheric water cycle component interactions are examined globally for sensitivity to convective and land surface schemes. The main regional features of statistics identified in previous reanalyses are robust in unconstrained continuous simulations corresponding to the reanalyses’ convective and land surface schemes. A change from the simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) to the relaxed Arakawa–Schubert (RAS) convection scheme reorganizes the variance of rainfall at low latitudes to a redder spectrum. Despite the potential increase in soil moisture memory, a change from the Oregon State University (OSU2) to the Noah land surface model does not noticeably affect the variance distribution of precipitation. The competition between dynamic and thermodynamic sources of precipitation’s variability is affected by the choice of both the land surface model and the convective scheme. Noah reduces evaporation’s role over land, with vapor convergence compensating, while RAS/SAS sensitivities result in complex regional redistributions of component covariance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Soil infiltration rate
KW  - Groundwater
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Public universities & colleges
KW  - Latitude
KW  - Oregon
KW  - Convection
KW  - Land-surface model
KW  - Precipitation
N1  - Accession Number: 47710031; Ruane, Alex C. 1,2; Email Address: aruane@giss.nasa.gov; Roads, John O. 2; Affiliations: 1: Oak Ridge Associated Universities/National Aeronautics and Space Administration Postdoctoral Program, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York.; 2: Experimental Climate Prediction Center, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Thesaurus Term: Hydrology; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Soil infiltration rate; Thesaurus Term: Groundwater; Subject Term: Rain & rainfall; Subject Term: Public universities & colleges; Subject Term: Latitude; Subject: Oregon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land-surface model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008EI256.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaeffer, Blake A.
AU  - Morrison, John M.
AU  - Kamykowski, Daniel
AU  - Feldman, Gene C.
AU  - Xie, Lian
AU  - Liu, Yanyun
AU  - Sweet, William
AU  - McCulloch, Anita
AU  - Banks, Stuart
T1  - Phytoplankton biomass distribution and identification of productive habitats within the Galapagos Marine Reserve by MODIS, a surface acquisition system, and in-situ measurements
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/06/16/
VL  - 112
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3044
EP  - 3054
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) is one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Phytoplankton are the base of the ecosystem food chain for many higher trophic organisms, so identifying phytoplankton biomass distribution is the first step in understanding the dynamic environment for effective management of the GMR. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and hyperspectral surface acquisition system derived chlorophyll, in-situ chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrate, salinity, and temperature were collected from March 2005 to the onset of a mild El Niño in November 2006. Islands in the eastern GMR, such as San Cristobal and Espanola, are the first to experience impacts of El Niño and southern migration of the Equatorial Front. Productive habitats were defined as surface waters with salinities >34, temperatures <24 °C, and chlorophyll a >0.4 mg m−3. Six temporally variable productive habitats identified were: west of Isabela Island, southwest of Floreana Island, south of Santa Cruz, between Santiago and Santa Cruz Islands, and on the eastern side near San Cristobal Island. Model results coupled with surface acquisition system derived chlorophyll indicated productive habitats may also occur for short periods and at a distance from islands such as when the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and South Equatorial Current (SEC) collide over the seamounts north of Isabela Island. All productive habitats were related to topographic upwelling from the EUC into surface waters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Chlorophyll a
KW  - El Niño
KW  - Galapagos Marine Reserve
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Productive habitats
KW  - Surface acquisition system
N1  - Accession Number: 32173146; Schaeffer, Blake A. 1; Email Address: BlakeSchaeffer@gmail.com; Morrison, John M. 2; Kamykowski, Daniel 3; Feldman, Gene C. 4; Xie, Lian 3; Liu, Yanyun 3; Sweet, William 3; McCulloch, Anita 3; Banks, Stuart 5; Affiliations: 1: US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563, USA; 2: University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Wilmington, NC, USA; 3: North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Issue Info: Jun2008, Vol. 112 Issue 6, p3044; Thesaurus Term: Phytoplankton; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll a; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niño; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galapagos Marine Reserve; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Productive habitats; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface acquisition system; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaolong Qi
AU  - Da-Ren Chen
AU  - Greenberg, Paul
T1  - Fundamental Study of a Miniaturized Disk-Type Electrostatic Aerosol Precipitator for a Personal Nanoparticle Sizer.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 505
EP  - 512
SN  - 02786826
AB  - We have developed a low-cost, miniaturized disk-type electrostatic aerosol precipitator for a personal nanoparticle sizer, often needed in applications requiring spatially distributed measurement or personal exposure monitoring. The performance of prototype mini-disk precipitator was evaluated in this study. Measurement of particle transmission through the precipitator for both neutral and singly charged particles shows that the compact size of the disk precipitator does not lead to serious particle loss resulting from particle diffusion and/or electrical image force. The transmission of singly charged particles of 10 nm is 64% at an aerosol flowrate of 0.3 lpm. The device consists of two precipitation chambers, separated by a metal disk. The design further allows the device to be configured to precipitate charged particles by establishing electrical fields in one or both precipitation chambers. Both operations work well to precipitate particles by electrical mobility. The operation of dual-chamber precipitation, with electrical field established on both sides of the middle disk, is preferred since it lowers the maximum requirement of applied voltage to precipitate particles with a specific electrical mobility for a given flowrate. Semi-empirical models were also developed to describe the dependence of the particle penetration curves on particle electrical mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Matter -- Properties
KW  - Particles
KW  - Separation (Technology)
KW  - Electrostatic precipitation
KW  - Nanoparticles
KW  - Precipitation (Chemistry)
KW  - Nanostructured materials
N1  - Accession Number: 32838361; Chaolong Qi 1; Da-Ren Chen 1; Email Address: chen@seas.wustl.edu; Greenberg, Paul 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; 2: Microgravity Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Jul2008, Vol. 42 Issue 7, p505; Thesaurus Term: Matter -- Properties; Thesaurus Term: Particles; Thesaurus Term: Separation (Technology); Subject Term: Electrostatic precipitation; Subject Term: Nanoparticles; Subject Term: Precipitation (Chemistry); Subject Term: Nanostructured materials; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820802203643
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voigt, C.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Roiger, A.
AU  - Stenke, A.
AU  - de Reus, M.
AU  - Borrmann, S.
AU  - Jensen, E.
AU  - Schiller, C.
AU  - Konopka, P.
AU  - Sitnikov, N.
T1  - Detection of reactive nitrogen containing particles in the tropopause region — evidence for a tropical nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) belt.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 14145
EP  - 14168
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The detection of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT, HNO3×3H2O) particles in the tropical transition layer (TTL) harmonizes our understanding of polar stratospheric cloud formation. Large reactive nitrogen (NOy) containing particles were observed on 8 August 2006 by instruments onboard the high altitude research aircraft M55-Geophysica near and below the tropical tropopause. The particles, most likely NAT, have diameters less than 6 μm and concentrations below 10-4 cm-3. The NAT particle layer was repeatedly detected at altitudes between 15.1 and 17.5 km over extended areas of 9.5 to 17.2° N and 1.5°W to 2.7° E above the African continent. Satellite observations suggest that the NAT particles could have nucleated on ice fed by convective activity. Once nucleated, the NAT particles can slowly grow within the TTL for days, while being transported over long distances. Their in-situ detection combined with global model simulations of the NAT supersaturation near the tropical tropopause indicate the potential for a tropical tropopause NAT particle belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Nonmetals
KW  - Active nitrogen
KW  - Physical geography
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Research aircraft
N1  - Accession Number: 33360145; Voigt, C. 1; Email Address: christiane.voigt@dlr.de; Schlager, H. 1; Roiger, A. 1; Stenke, A. 1; de Reus, M. 2; Borrmann, S. 2,3; Jensen, E. 4; Schiller, C. 5; Konopka, P. 5; Sitnikov, N. 6; Affiliations: 1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 2: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Universität Mainz, Germany; 3: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Abteilung Wolkenphysik, Mainz, Germany; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Institut für Chemie und Dynamik der Geosphäre, FZ Jülich, Germany; 6: Central Aerological Observatory, Moscow, Soviet Union; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p14145; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Nonmetals; Thesaurus Term: Active nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Physical geography; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Subject Term: Research aircraft; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Ren, X.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Heikes, B.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Hall, S. R.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
T1  - Airborne measurement of OH reactivity during INTEX-B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 14217
EP  - 14246
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The measurement of OH reactivity, the inverse of the OH lifetime, provides a powerful tool to investigate the atmospheric photochemistry. A new airborne OH reactivity instrument was designed and deployed for the first time on the NASA DC-8 aircraft during Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-B (INTEX-B) campaign. The OH reactivity was measured by adding OH, generated by photolyzing water vapor with 185 nm UV light in a moveable wand, to the flow of ambient air in a flow tube and measuring the OH signal with laser induced fluorescence. As the wand was pulled back away from the OH detector, the OH signal decay was recorded; the slope of -Δln(signal)/Δtime was the OH reactivity. From the median vertical profile obtained in the second phase of INTEX-B, the measured OH reactivity (4.0±1.0 s-1) is higher than the OH reactivity calculated from assuming that OH was in steady state (3.3±0.8 s-1), and even higher than the OH reactivity that was calculated from the total measurements of all OH reactants (1.6±0.4 s-1). Model calculations show that the missing OH reactivity is consistent with the over-predicted OH and under-predicted HCHO in the boundary layer and lower troposphere. The over-predicted OH and under-predicted HCHO suggest that the missing OH sinks are most likely related to some highly reactive VOCs that have HCHO as an oxidation product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Standard deviations
KW  - Infrared heating
KW  - Infrared technology
KW  - Thermodynamic potentials
KW  - Physical & theoretical chemistry
KW  - Aerodynamic heating
N1  - Accession Number: 33360147; Mao, J. 1,2; Email Address: mao@fas.harvard.edu; Ren, X. 1,3; Brune, W. H. 1; Olson, J. R. 4; Crawford, J. H. 4; Fried, A. 5; Huey, L. G. 6; Cohen, R. C. 7; Heikes, B. 8; Singh, H. B. 9; Blake, D. R. 10; Sachse, G. W. 4; Diskin, G. S. 4; Hall, S. R. 11; Shetter, R. E. 11; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA, USA; 2: School of Eng. and Applied Sciences, Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmos. Science, Univ. of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmos. Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: School of Earth and Atmos. Sciences, Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 7: Dept. of Chemistry and Dept. of Earth and Planet. Sci., Univ. of California Berkeley, CA, USA; 8: Graduate School of Oceanography, Univ. of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA; 9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 10: Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 11: Atmos. Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmos. Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p14217; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Subject Term: Standard deviations; Subject Term: Infrared heating; Subject Term: Infrared technology; Subject Term: Thermodynamic potentials; Subject Term: Physical & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: Aerodynamic heating; Number of Pages: 30p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Boriah, Shyam
AU  - Steinbach, Michael
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
AU  - Klooster, Steven
T1  - Terrestrial Vegetation Dynamics and Global Climate Controls in North America: 2001–05.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - Monthly composite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor was used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in response to climate patterns over the period 2001–05 for North America. Results imply that plant growth over extensive land areas were closely coupled to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on regional climate. Areas strongly tied to recent (2002–03) ENSO climate effects were located mainly in northwestern Canada, interior Alaska, the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States, and throughout northern Mexico. Localized variations in precipitation were detected as the predominant controllers of monthly values for the MODIS fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) over these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
KW  - Plant communities
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Ocean-atmosphere interaction
KW  - Acclimatization (Plants)
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Plant variation
KW  - North America
KW  - Drought
KW  - El Niño-Southern Oscillation
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Vegetation greenness
N1  - Accession Number: 47710034; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Boriah, Shyam 2; Steinbach, Michael 2; Kumar, Vipin 2; Klooster, Steven 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; 2: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.; 3: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California.; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p1; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation dynamics; Thesaurus Term: Plant communities; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Thesaurus Term: Acclimatization (Plants); Thesaurus Term: Plant growth; Subject Term: Plant variation; Subject: North America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niño-Southern Oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation greenness; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Graph, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008EI249.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=47710034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Samuel C.
AU  - Hook, IV, Loyd R.
T1  - Logic and Computer Design in Nanospace.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Computers
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Computers
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 965
EP  - 977
SN  - 00189340
AB  - Techniques for the advanced logic design of nanodevices and nanoiCs in spatial dimensions are being formulated to incorporate specific topologies that satisfy certain requirements of nanotechnology. One of these topologies, the hypercube, is currently being considered for the design of a network-based combinational logic implementation in the form of a hypercube extension called the N-hypercube. We propose the M-hypercube, using a similar topology to design any sequential logic in spatial dimensions. To reduce the complexity of the M-hypercube design, two methods, a top-down and a bottom-up, are presented. The former uses sequential machine decomposition methods and the latter uses a new hypercube topology, called the MN-cell. The MN-cell, consisting of two closely coupled 2D hypercubes, an M-hypercube and an N-hypercube, is a 3D hypercube. It is shown that MN-cells can implement flip-flops and thus can be used as building blocks for sequential logic design in nanodimensions. The logic design of a basic computer in nanospace using MN-cells and N-hypercubes is also presented using several examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Computers is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - COMPUTER logic
KW  - NANOSCIENCE
KW  - HYPERCUBE
KW  - hypercube
KW  - logic design
KW  - nanocomputer
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - Sequential logic
N1  - Accession Number: 32830156; Lee, Samuel C. 1; Email Address: samlee@ou.edu; Hook, IV, Loyd R. 2; Email Address: lydhook@hotmail.com; Affiliations: 1: The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Rm 218 Carson Engineering Center, 202 W. Boyd St., Norman, OK 73019-1023.; 2: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Dryden Flight Research Center, M/S 4840D, PO Box 273, Edwards, CA 93523.; Issue Info: Jul2008, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p965; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER programming; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER science; Thesaurus Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: COMPUTER logic; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE; Subject Term: HYPERCUBE; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypercube; Author-Supplied Keyword: logic design; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanocomputer; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sequential logic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Uncertainties Associated With the Surface Texture of Ice Particles in Satellite-Based Retrieval of Cirrus Clouds Part I: Single-Scattering Properties of Ice Crystals With Surface Roughness.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1940
EP  - 1947
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Surface roughness of ice crystals is a morphological parameter important to the scattering characteristics of these particles. The intent of this paper, reported in two parts (hereafter, Parts I and II), is to investigate the accuracy associated with some simplifications in calculating the single-scattering properties of roughened ice crystals and to quantify the effect of surface roughness on the retrieval of the optical and microphysical properties of ice clouds from satellite observations. In Part I, two ray-tracing schemes, a rigorous algorithm and an approximate algorithm with a simplified treatment of surface roughness, are employed to calculate the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented hexagonal ice crystals with size parameters in the geometric optics regime. With the rigorous approach, it requires substantial computational effort to accurately account for the multiple external reflections between various roughness facets and the reentries of outgoing rays into the particles in the ray-tracing computation. With the simplified ray-tracing scheme, the ray-tracing calculation for roughened particles is similar to that for smooth particles except that, in the former case, the normal of the particle surface is statistically perturbed for each reflection-refraction event. The simplified ray-tracing scheme can account for most the effects of surface roughness on particle single-scattering properties without incurring substantial demand on computational resources and, thus, provides an efficient way to compute the single-scattering properties of roughened particles. The effect of ice-crystal surface roughness on the retrieval of the optical thicknesses and effective particle sizes of cirrus clouds is reported in Part II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - light scattering
KW  - ray-tracing
KW  - surface roughness
N1  - Accession Number: 34838897; Ping Yang 1; Kattawar, George W. 2; Gang Hong 1; Minnis, Patrick 3; Yongxiang Hu 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.; 2: Kattawar is with the Department of Physics, Texas A&M Universit College Station, TX 77843 USA.; 3: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA.; Issue Info: Jul2008, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p1940; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: ray-tracing; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface roughness; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Uncertainties Associated With the Surface Texture of Ice Particles in Satellite-Based Retrieval of Cirrus Clouds: Part II Effect of Particle Surface Roughness on Retrieved Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Particle Size.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1948
EP  - 1957
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The simplified ray-tracing technique reported in Part I of this paper is employed to compute the single-scattering properties of hexagonal columns with maximum dimensions ranging from 2 to 3500 μm with a size-bin resolution of 2 μm at wave-lengths of 0.86 and 2.13 μm. For small ice crystals, the current treatment of surface roughness may not be adequate because the applicability of the principles of geometric optics breaks down for small roughness scale. However, for ice crystals smaller than 40 μm, the aspect ratios of these particles are close to one, and the effect of surface roughness is quite small. In this paper, the diffraction is accounted for in the same way as in the case of smooth particles. It is essentially unfeasible to incorporate the effect of surface roughness into the numerical computation of the diffraction contribution. The scattering properties of individual ice crystals are then averaged over 18 particle size distributions whose effective particle radii (re) range from 5 to 90 μm. The single-scattering properties of ice clouds are strongly sensitive to surface roughness condition. Lookup tables that are built for the correlation between the bidirectional reflectances at wavelengths of 0.86 and 2.13 μm with different roughness conditions are used to retrieve ice cloud optical thickness and effective particle size over oceans. Pronounced differences are noticed for the retrieved cirrus cloud optical thickness and effective particle sizes in conjunction with different surface roughness conditions. The values of the retrieved cirrus cloud optical thickness in the case of the rough surface are generally smaller than their counterparts associated with smooth surface conditions. The effect of surface roughness on the retrieved effective particle radii is not pronounced for slight and moderate roughness conditions. However, when the surfaces of ice crystals are substantially rough, the retrieved effective radii associated with roughened particles are larger and smaller than their smooth surface counterparts for large (re > 50 μm) and small (re < 35 μm) ice crystals, respectively, whereas the effect of surface roughness on the retrieved effective radii shows a nonmonotonic feature for moderate particle sizes (35 μm < re < 50 μm). In general, the dominant effect of surface roughness on cloud property retrievals is to decrease the retrieved optical thickness and to increase the retrieved effective particle size in comparison with their counterparts in the case of smooth ice particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - SMOOTHING (Numerical analysis)
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - Effective particle size
KW  - ice crystals
KW  - optical depth
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - scattering
KW  - surface roughness
N1  - Accession Number: 34838898; Ping Yang 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu; Gang Hong 1; Kattawar, George W. 2; Minnis, Patrick 3; Yongxiang Hu 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.; 2: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.; 3: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Issue Info: Jul2008, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p1948; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: SMOOTHING (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: ICE crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Effective particle size; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface roughness; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Approximation of Nonlinear Unloading Effects in the Strain Rate Dependent Deformation Analysis of Polymer Matrix Materials Utilizing a State Variable Approach.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2008/07//
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 131
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - An experimental and analytical program is carried out to explore key behaviors in the loading and unloading behavior of polymers. Specifically, the effects of strain rate and hydrostatic stresses on the nonlinear portions of the deformation response are examined. Tension, compression, and shear load only and load/unload tests are conducted on a representative polymer across a range of strain rates, and key features of the experimental results are identified. To conduct a preliminary exploration of how the key features of the deformation response could be simulated analytically, a previously developed set of constitutive equations, which were developed to analyze the strain rate dependent, nonlinear deformation of polymers including the effects of hydrostatic stresses, were modified in order to approximate key features of the nonlinear unloading behavior observed in the polymer. The constitutive relations are based on state variable constitutive equations originally developed for metals. The nonlinear unloading observed in the experiments is approximated by reducing the unloading modulus of the material as the effective inelastic strain is increased. The effects of the hydrostatic stress state on the unloading modulus are also simulated analytically. To examine the revised formulation, the loading and load/unload responses of the representative polymer in tension, compression, and shear are examined at several strain rates. Results computed using the developed constitutive equations were found to correlate reasonably well with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - LOADING & unloading
KW  - MATERIALS handling
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - HYDROSTATICS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 32634931; Source Information: Jul2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p119; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: LOADING & unloading; Subject Term: MATERIALS handling; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: HYDROSTATICS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:3(119)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiahua Zheng
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Rate-Dependent Shell Element Composite Material Model Implementation in LS-DYNA.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2008/07//
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 151
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A previously developed constitutive model has been modified in order to incorporate the rate dependence of elastic modulus of the polymer matrix constituent into the nonlinear, strain-rate-dependent deformation analysis of polymer matrix composites. To compute the inelastic strains in the polymer matrix, state-variable-based viscoplastic equations originally developed for metals are modified in order to account for the effects of hydrostatic stresses, which are significant in polymers. The polymer constitutive equations are implemented within the strength of a material-based micromechanics method in order to predict the nonlinear, strain-rate-dependent deformation of the polymer matrix composite. The polymer and the composite models are implemented into a commercially available explicit finite-element code, LS-DYNA, as user defined materials (UMATs). The deformation behaviors of several representative polymers and two polymer matrix composites of various fiber configurations are simulated in LS-DYNA with the UMATs for a wide range of strain rates, and the numerical results agree well with the experimental data. UMAT is applied for simulations of braiding/weaving composites using the modified through-thickness integration points method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 32634935; Source Information: Jul2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p140; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 19 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:3(140)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Ruggeri, Charles R.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Arnold, William A.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Measurement of Epoxy Resin Tension, Compression, and Shear Stress–Strain Curves over a Wide Range of Strain Rates Using Small Test Specimens.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2008/07//
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
EP  - 173
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The next generation aircraft engines are designed to be lighter and stronger than engines currently in use by using carbon fiber composites. In order to certify these engines, ballistic impact tests and computational analyses must be completed, which will simulate a “blade out” event in a catastrophic engine failure In order to computationally simulate the engine failure, properties of the carbon fiber and resin matrix must be known. When conducting computer simulations using a micromechanics approach, experimental tensile, compressive, and shear data are needed for constitutive modeling of the resin matrix material. The material properties of an Epon E862 epoxy resin will be investigated because it is a commercial 176°C (350°F) cure resin currently being used in these aircraft engines. These properties will be measured using optical measurement techniques. The epoxy specimens will be tested in tension, compression and torsional loadings under various strain rates ranging from 10-5 to 10-1 s-1 and temperatures ranging from room temperature to 80°C. To test the specimens at high temperatures, a specialized clear temperature chamber was used. The results show that the test procedure developed can accurately and quickly categorize the material response characteristics of an epoxy resin. In addition, the results display clear strain rate and temperature dependencies in the material response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SYNTHETIC gums & resins
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
N1  - Accession Number: 32634933; Source Information: Jul2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p162; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC gums & resins; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:3(162)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Wu
AU  - Shields, Elwood
AU  - Le, Daniel
T1  - Interactive Inverse Design Optimization of Fuselage Shape for Low-Boom Supersonic Concepts.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/07//Jul/Aug2008
Y1  - 2008/07//Jul/Aug2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1381
EP  - 1381
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper introduces a tool for boom optimization using smoothest shape modifications. This tool allows interactive inverse design optimization to develop a fuselage shape that yields a low-boom aircraft configuration. A fundamental reason for developing this boom optimization tool is the need to generate feasible low-boom conceptual designs that are appropriate for further refinement using computational-fluid-dynamics-based preliminary design methods. The boom optimization tool was not developed to provide a numerical solution to the inverse design problem. Instead, it was intended to help designers find the right configuration among an infinite number of possible configurations that are equally good using any numerical figure of merit. This boom optimization tool uses the smoothest shape modification strategy for modifying the fuselage radius distribution at 100 or more longitudinal locations to find a smooth fuselage shape, which reduces the discrepancies between the design and target equivalent area distributions over any specified range of effective distance. For any given supersonic concept (with wing, fuselage, nacelles, tails, and/or canards), a designer can examine the differences between the design and target equivalent areas, decide which part of the design equivalent area curve needs to be modified, choose a desirable rate for the reduction of the discrepancies over the specified range, and select a parameter for smoothness control of the fuselage shape. The boom optimization tool will then generate a fuselage shape based on the designer's inputs in a matter of seconds. Using this tool, within a few hours, a designer can either generate a realistic fuselage shape that yields a supersonic configuration with a low-boom ground signature or quickly eliminate any configuration that cannot achieve low-boom characteristics with fuselage shaping alone. A conceptual design case study is documented to demonstrate how this boom optimization tool can be used to develop a low-boom supersonic concept from a low-drag supersonic concept. The paper also contains a study on how perturbations in the equivalent area distribution affect the ground signature shape and how new target area distributions for low-boom signatures can be constructed using superposition of equivalent area distributions derived from the Seebass-George-Darden theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIZE reduction of materials
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - OPERATIONS research
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Software
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - SOUND pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 33983358; Source Information: Jul/Aug2008, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p1381; Subject Term: SIZE reduction of materials; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: OPERATIONS research; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Software; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conway, Erik M.
T1  - The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism.
JO  - Journal of the History of Biology
JF  - Journal of the History of Biology
Y1  - 2008///Summer2008
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 398
EP  - 400
SN  - 00225010
AB  - The article reviews the book "The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism," by Aaron Sachs.
KW  - Environmentalism
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Sachs, Aaron
KW  - Humboldt Current: 19th-Century Exploration & the Roots of American Environmentalism, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 33317555; Conway, Erik M. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Jet Propulsion Laboratory;  Source Info: Summer2008, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p398; Thesaurus Term: Environmentalism; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vesper, Stephen J.
AU  - Wong, Wing
AU  - Kuo, C. Mike
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
T1  - Mold species in dust from the International Space Station identified and quantified by mold-specific quantitative PCR
JO  - Research in Microbiology
JF  - Research in Microbiology
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 159
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 432
EP  - 435
SN  - 09232508
AB  - Abstract: Dust was collected over a period of several weeks in 2007 from HEPA filters in the U.S. Laboratory Module of the International Space Station (ISS). The dust was returned on the Space Shuttle Atlantis, mixed, sieved and the DNA was extracted. Using a DNA-based method called mold-specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR), 39 molds were measured in the dust. Potential opportunistic pathogens Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and potential moderate toxin producers Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium brevicompactum were noteworthy. No cells of the potential opportunistic pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium solani or Candida albicans were detected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Research in Microbiology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aspergillus fumigatus
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - DNA
KW  - Aspergillus
KW  - Mold-specific quantitative PCR
KW  - International Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 33996779; Vesper, Stephen J. 1; Email Address: vesper.stephen@epa.gov; Wong, Wing 2; Kuo, C. Mike 3; Pierson, Duane L. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West M.L. King Avenue, M.L. 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA; 2: Enterprise Advisory Services Inc., Houston, TX, USA; 3: WYLE Laboratories Inc., Houston, TX, USA; 4: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA; Issue Info: Jul2008, Vol. 159 Issue 6, p432; Subject Term: Aspergillus fumigatus; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: DNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aspergillus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mold-specific quantitative PCR ; Company/Entity: International Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Colvin, E.
AU  - Hertel, N.
AU  - McKay, C.
T1  - STUDY OF THE SUBSURFACE RADIATION ENVIRONMENT IN THE CANADIAN ARCTIC.
JO  - Health Physics
JF  - Health Physics
Y1  - 2008/07/02/2008 Supplement
VL  - 95
M3  - Abstract
SP  - S53
EP  - S53
SN  - 00179078
AB  - An abstract of the article "Study of the Subsurface Radiation Environment in the Canadian Arctic" by E. Colvin, N. Hertel and C. McKay is presented.
KW  - Radiation -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 33009730; Colvin, E. 1; Hertel, N. 1; McKay, C. 2; Affiliations: 1: Georgia Institute of Technology, 900 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0425; 2: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: 2008 Supplement, Vol. 95, pS53; Subject Term: Radiation -- Abstracts; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Tupin, E.
AU  - Anspaugh, L.
AU  - Goldman, M.
AU  - Nelson, R.
AU  - Poppell, S.
AU  - Scott, R.
T1  - EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS OF UNITED STATES LAUNCHES OF LARGE RADIONUCLIDE SOURCES.
JO  - Health Physics
JF  - Health Physics
Y1  - 2008/07/02/2008 Supplement
VL  - 95
M3  - Abstract
SP  - S95
EP  - S95
SN  - 00179078
AB  - An abstract of the article "Evaluation of Potential Biological and Environmental Effects of United States Launches of Large Radionuclide Sources," by E. Tupin, L. Anspaugh, M. Goldman, R. Nelson, S. Poppell and R. Scott is presented.
KW  - Radioisotopes -- Abstracts
N1  - Accession Number: 33009843; Tupin, E. 1; Anspaugh, L. 2; Goldman, M. 3; Nelson, R. 4; Poppell, S. 1; Scott, R. 5; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Environmental Protection 518 Meadow Hall Dive, Rockville, MD 20851; 2: University of Utah; 3: University of California, Davis; 4: U.S. Department of Energy; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 2008 Supplement, Vol. 95, pS95; Subject Term: Radioisotopes -- Abstracts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Atmospheric chemistry: Her dark materials.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/07/03/
VL  - 454
IS  - 7200
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 42
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article focuses on the Gaia concept of sulphur isotopes which could imply that methane emitted by the ancient biosphere created a high-altitude photochemical air pollution. The change of the photochemistry of the atmosphere is indicated in the sulphur isotopes and the cold climate suggests that a major greenhouse gas had been removed. The history of oxygen can be tracked in the history of the high susceptibility of sulphur to reduction and oxidation. The small mass-independent fractionation (MIF) signatures created is abolished through the high levels of oxygen in the environment eventually oxidize essentially all sulphur to form sulphate.
KW  - Gaia hypothesis
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Photosynthetic oxygen evolution
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Photochemical smog
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Atmospheric deposition
KW  - Atmospheric sulfur compounds
KW  - Stable isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 32955109; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin.j.zahnle@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 7/3/2008, Vol. 454 Issue 7200, p41; Thesaurus Term: Gaia hypothesis; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetic oxygen evolution; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Photochemical smog; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric deposition; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric sulfur compounds; Subject Term: Stable isotopes; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/454041a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaefer, Mark
AU  - Baker, D. James
AU  - Gibbons, John H.
AU  - Groat, Charles G.
AU  - Kennedy, Donald
AU  - Kennel, Charles F.
AU  - Rejeski, David
T1  - An Earth Systems Science Agency.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/07/04/
VL  - 321
IS  - 5885
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 45
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article profiles Earth Systems Science Agency, a joint program by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Geological Survey. The establishment of the new organization is part of the United States effort in addressing serious environmental and economic challenges. Earth Systems Science Agency is a science-based agency responsible for studying and overseeing activities in the U.S. which concern climate change, sea-level rise, as well as altered weather pattern.
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Government agencies
KW  - Statistical weather forecasting
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
KW  - Geological Survey (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 33406876; Schaefer, Mark 1; Baker, D. James 2; Email Address: djamesbaker@comcast.net; Gibbons, John H. 3; Email Address: jackgibbons@hughes.net; Groat, Charles G. 4; Email Address: cgroat@mail.utexas.ed; Kennedy, Donald 5; Email Address: kennedy@stanford.edu; Kennel, Charles F. 6; Email Address: ckennel@ucsd.edu; Rejeski, David 7; Email Address: david.rejeski@wilsoncenter.org; Affiliations: 1: Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Acting Director of the U.S. Geological Survey; 2: Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association; 3: Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Science Adviser to the President; 4: Director, U.S. Geological Survey, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Director of Mission to Planet Earth; 5: Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Director of Mission to Planet Earth; 6: Associate Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Director of Mission to Planet Earth; 7: Office of Science and Technology Policy and Council on Environmental Quality; Issue Info: 7/4/2008, Vol. 321 Issue 5885, p44; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Subject Term: Government agencies; Subject Term: Statistical weather forecasting; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration ; Company/Entity: Geological Survey (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1160192
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M.  Hoshi
AU  - S.  Endo
AU  - K.  Tanaka
AU  - M.  Ishikawa
AU  - T.  Straume
AU  - K.  Komura
AU  - W.  Rühm
AU  - E.  Nolte
AU  - T.  Huber
AU  - Y.  Nagashima
AU  - R.  Seki
AU  - K.  Sasa
AU  - K.  Sueki
AU  - H.  Fukushima
AU  - S.  Egbert
AU  - T.  Imanaka
T1  - Intercomparison study on 152Eu gamma ray and 36Cl AMS measurements for development of the new Hiroshima–Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Dosimetry System 2002 (DS02).
JO  - Radiation & Environmental Biophysics
JF  - Radiation & Environmental Biophysics
Y1  - 2008/07/13/
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 313
EP  - 322
SN  - 0301634X
AB  - Abstract  In the process of developing a new dosimetry system for atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima and Nagasaki (DS02), an intercomparison study between 152Eu and 36Cl measurements was proposed, to reconcile the discrepancy previously observed in the Hiroshima data between measurements and calculations of thermal neutron activation products. Nine granite samples, exposed to the atomic-bomb radiation in Hiroshima within 1,200 m of the hypocenter, as well as mixed standard solutions containing known amounts of europium and chlorine that were neutron-activated by a 252Cf source, were used for the intercomparison. Gamma-ray spectrometry for 152Eu was carried out with ultra low-background Ge detectors at the Ogoya Underground Laboratory, Kanazawa University, while three laboratories participated in the 36Cl measurement using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS): The Technical University of Munich, Germany, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA and the University of Tsukuba, Japan. Measured values for the mixed standard solutions showed good agreement among the participant laboratories. They also agreed well with activation calculations, using the neutron fluences monitored during the 252Cf irradiation, and the corresponding activation cross-sections taken from the JENDL-3.3 library. The measured-to-calculated ratios obtained were 1.02 for 152Eu and 0.91–1.02 for 36Cl, respectively. Similarly, the results of the granite intercomparison indicated good agreement with the DS02 calculation for these samples. An average measured-to-calculated ratio of 0.98 was obtained for all granite intercomparison measurements. The so-called neutron discrepancy that was previously observed and that which included increasing measured-to-calculated ratios for thermal neutron activation products for increasing distances beyond 1,000 m from the hypocenter was not seen in the results of the intercomparison study. The previously claimed discrepancy could be explained by insufficient understanding of the measured data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation & Environmental Biophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation exposure
KW  - Radiation dosimetry
KW  - Gamma ray spectrometry
KW  - Multiple comparisons (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 33053362; M.  Hoshi 1; S.  Endo 1; K.  Tanaka 1; M.  Ishikawa 2; T.  Straume 3; K.  Komura 4; W.  Rühm 5; E.  Nolte 6; T.  Huber 6; Y.  Nagashima 7; R.  Seki 7; K.  Sasa 7; K.  Sueki 7; H.  Fukushima 8; S.  Egbert 9; T.  Imanaka 10; Affiliations: 1: Hiroshima University Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553 Japan; 2: Hokkaido University Hospital Department of Medical Physics North-14 West-5 Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8648 Japan; 3: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA 94035 USA; 4: Kanazawa University Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology Wake, Nomi-shi Ishikawa 923-1224 Japan; 5: Ludwig Maximilians University Radiobiological Institute, Munich, now Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute for Radiation Protection 85764 Neuherberg Germany; 6: Technical University of Munich Physics Department 85747 Garching Germany; 7: Tsukuba University, Tandem Accelerator Center, University of Tsukuba Tsukuba 305-8577 Japan; 8: Japan Chemical Analysis Center Sanno-cho, Inage-ku Chiba 263-0002 Japan; 9: Science Applications International Corporation 10260 Campus Point Drive San Diego CA 92121 USA; 10: Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University Kumatori-cho, Osaka 590-0494 Japan; Issue Info: Jul2008, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p313; Thesaurus Term: Radiation exposure; Subject Term: Radiation dosimetry; Subject Term: Gamma ray spectrometry; Subject Term: Multiple comparisons (Statistics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Murchie, S. L.
AU  - Pelkey, S. M.
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Milliken, R. E.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Poulet, F.
AU  - Bishop, J.
AU  - Dobrea, E. Noe
AU  - Roach, L.
AU  - Seelos, F.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Wiseman, S.
AU  - Green, R.
AU  - Hash, C.
AU  - Humm, D.
AU  - Malaret, E.
AU  - McGovern, J. A.
AU  - Seelos, K.
T1  - Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/07/17/
VL  - 454
IS  - 7202
M3  - Article
SP  - 305
EP  - 309
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié) instrument1,2, preserve a record of the interaction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of mineralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest geological era of Mars³), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (moderate to high pH and high water activity) were specific to surface environments during the earliest era of Mars’s history4. Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)5 of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate mineralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous alteration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WATER
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Phyllosilicates
KW  - Kaolinite
KW  - Muscovite
KW  - Chlorite minerals
N1  - Accession Number: 33189631; Mustard, John F. 1; Murchie, S. L. 2; Pelkey, S. M. 1; Ehlmann, B. L. 1; Milliken, R. E. 3; Grant, J. A. 4; Bibring, J.-P. 5; Poulet, F. 5; Bishop, J. 6; Dobrea, E. Noe 3; Roach, L. 1; Seelos, F. 2; Arvidson, R. E. 7; Wiseman, S. 7; Green, R. 3; Hash, C. 8; Humm, D. 2; Malaret, E. 8; McGovern, J. A. 2; Seelos, K. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; 2: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 4: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Independence Avenue at 6th Street SW, Washington, DC 20560, USA; 5: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; 8: Applied Coherent Technology, 112 Elden Street Suite K, Herndon, Virginia 22070, USA; Issue Info: 7/17/2008, Vol. 454 Issue 7202, p305; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: WATER; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: Phyllosilicates; Subject Term: Kaolinite; Subject Term: Muscovite; Subject Term: Chlorite minerals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Graph, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature07097
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Gago-Duport, Luis
AU  - Stoker, Carol
AU  - Amils, Ricardo
AU  - Bonaccorsi, Rosalba
AU  - Zavaleta, Jhony
AU  - Lim, Darlene
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Subsurface formation of oxidants on Mars and implications for the preservation of organic biosignatures
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2008/07/30/
VL  - 272
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 456
EP  - 463
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide can form through the interaction of pyrite and anoxic water. The oxidation of pyrite results in the precipitation of sulfates and iron oxides, high redox potentials (~1000 mV) and acidic pH (3–4). The oxidative potential of the resultant solution may be responsible for the oxidation of organic compounds, as observed in the subsurface of the Rio Tinto Mars analog. On Mars subsurface migration of groundwater interacting with volcanogenic massive pyrite deposits would have mobilized acidic and oxidizing fluids through large portions of the crust, resulting in the widespread deposition of sulfates and iron oxides. This groundwater could have leached substantial volumes of aquifer material and crustal rocks, thereby erasing any organic compounds possibly down to depths of hundreds of meters. Therefore, the preservation of organic biosignatures must have been severely constrained in the portions of the ancient Martian crust that were exposed to aqueous processes, calling for a redefinition of the future targets in the search for biomolecular traces of life on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Anoxic zones
KW  - Oxidizing agents
KW  - Pyrites
KW  - aqueous oxidation
KW  - hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Mars
KW  - organic compounds
KW  - pyrite
N1  - Accession Number: 33388759; Davila, Alfonso F. 1; Email Address: afernandez-davila@arc.nasa.gov; Fairén, Alberto G. 1; Gago-Duport, Luis 2; Stoker, Carol 1; Amils, Ricardo 3; Bonaccorsi, Rosalba 1; Zavaleta, Jhony 1; Lim, Darlene 1; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 4; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Dpto. de Geociencias Marinas, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas Marcosende 36200 Vigo, Spain; 3: Centro de Astrobiologia, (CSIC-INTA) Torrejón de Ardoz 28850 Madrid, Spain; 4: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University Pullman, WA 99163, USA; Issue Info: Jul2008, Vol. 272 Issue 1/2, p456; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Anoxic zones; Subject Term: Oxidizing agents; Subject Term: Pyrites; Author-Supplied Keyword: aqueous oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: organic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: pyrite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Brown, R. H.
AU  - Soderblom, L. A.
AU  - Soderblom, J. M.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Barnes, J. W.
AU  - Sotin, C.
AU  - Buratti, B.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Nicholson, P. D.
T1  - The identification of liquid ethane in Titan’s Ontario Lacus.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/07/31/
VL  - 454
IS  - 7204
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 607
EP  - 610
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Titan was once thought to have global oceans of light hydrocarbons on its surface, but after 40 close flybys of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft, it has become clear that no such oceans exist. There are, however, features similar to terrestrial lakes and seas, and widespread evidence for fluvial erosion, presumably driven by precipitation of liquid methane from Titan’s dense, nitrogen-dominated atmosphere. Here we report infrared spectroscopic data, obtained by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on board the Cassini spacecraft, that strongly indicate that ethane, probably in liquid solution with methane, nitrogen and other low-molecular-mass hydrocarbons, is contained within Titan’s Ontario Lacus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ethanes
KW  - Lake hydrology
KW  - Methane
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Titan (Satellite) -- Exploration
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Liquefied gases
KW  - Cartography
N1  - Accession Number: 33380586; Brown, R. H. 1; Email Address: rhb@lpl.arizona.edu; Soderblom, L. A. 2; Soderblom, J. M. 1; Clark, R. N. 3; Jaumann, R. 4; Barnes, J. W. 5; Sotin, C. 6; Buratti, B. 6; Baines, K. H. 6; Nicholson, P. D. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; 2: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; 3: US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA; 4: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 12489 Berlin, Germany; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91107, USA; 7: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Issue Info: 7/31/2008, Vol. 454 Issue 7204, p607; Thesaurus Term: Ethanes; Thesaurus Term: Lake hydrology; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Liquefied gases; Subject Term: Cartography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1038/nature07100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - VERCE, MATTHEW F.
AU  - JAYARAMAN, BUVANESWARI
AU  - FORD, TIMOTHY D.
AU  - FISHER, SCOTT E.
AU  - GADGIL, ASHOK J.
AU  - CARLSEN, TINA M.
T1  - Minimizing Decomposition of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide for Biological Decontamination of Galvanized Steel Ducting.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/08//8/1/2008
VL  - 42
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 5765
EP  - 5771
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - The behavior of vaporous hydrogen peroxide (VHP) was examined in clean, room-scale galvanized steel (GS) and polyvinylchloride-coated steel air ducts, to understand how it might be used to decontaminate larger ventilation systems. VHP injected into the GS duct decreased in concentration along the length of the duct, whereas VHP concentrations in the polyvinylchloride coated duct remained essentially constant, suggesting that VHP decomposed at the GS surface. However, decomposition was reduced at lower temperatures (∼22 °C) and higher flow rates (∼80 actual cubic meter per hour). A computational fluid dynamics model incorporating reactive transport was used to estimate surface VHP concentrations where bioaerosol contamination is likely to reside, and also showed that VHP decomposition was enhanced at bends within the duct, compared to straight sections. Use of 6. stearothermophilus indicators, in conjunction with model estimates, indicated that a concentration-contact time of ∼100 mg/L H2O2(g)·min was required to achieve a 6 log reduction of indicator spores in clean GS duct, at 30 °C. When VHP is selected for building decontamination, this work suggests the most efficacious strategy may be to decontaminate GS ducting separately from the rest of the building, as opposed to a single decontamination event in which the ventilation system is used to distribute VHP throughout the entire building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Decomposition (Chemistry)
KW  - Polyvinyl chloride
KW  - Ventilation
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Galvanized steel
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Air ducts
N1  - Accession Number: 34061557; VERCE, MATTHEW F. 1,2; Email Address: mfverce@comcast.net; JAYARAMAN, BUVANESWARI 3,4; FORD, TIMOTHY D. 1,2; FISHER, SCOTT E. 1,2; GADGIL, ASHOK J. 3; CARLSEN, TINA M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Restoration, Livermore, California 94551.; 2: National Security Engineering, Livermore, California 94551.; 3: Biosciences and Biotechnology Divisions, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551.; 4: Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.; 5: ELORET Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 215-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000.; Issue Info: 8/1/2008, Vol. 42 Issue 15, p5765; Thesaurus Term: Decomposition (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Polyvinyl chloride; Thesaurus Term: Ventilation; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Hydrogen peroxide; Subject Term: Galvanized steel; Subject Term: Fluid dynamics; Subject Term: Air ducts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amundson, Ronald
AU  - Ewing, Stephanie
AU  - Dietrich, William
AU  - Sutter, Brad
AU  - Owen, Justine
AU  - Chadwick, Oliver
AU  - Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
AU  - Walvoord, Michelle
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - On the in situ aqueous alteration of soils on Mars
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 72
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 3845
EP  - 3864
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Early (>3Gy) wetter climate conditions on Mars have been proposed, and it is thus likely that pedogenic processes have occurred there at some point in the past. Soil and rock chemistry of the Martian landing sites were evaluated to test the hypothesis that in situ aqueous alteration and downward movement of solutes have been among the processes that have transformed these portions of the Mars regolith. A geochemical mass balance shows that Martian soils at three landing sites have lost significant quantities of major rock-forming elements and have gained elements that are likely present as soluble ions. The loss of elements is interpreted to have occurred during an earlier stage(s) of weathering that may have been accompanied by the downward transport of weathering products, and the salts are interpreted to be emplaced later in a drier Mars history. Chemical differences exist among the sites, indicating regional differences in soil composition. Shallow soil profile excavations at Gusev crater are consistent with late stage downward migration of salts, implying the presence of small amounts of liquid water even in relatively recent Martian history. While the mechanisms for chemical weathering and salt additions on Mars remain unclear, the soil chemistry appears to record a decline in leaching efficiency. A deep sedimentary exposure at Endurance crater contains complex depth profiles of SO4, Cl, and Br, trends generally consistent with downward aqueous transport accompanied by drying. While no model for the origin of Martian soils can be fully constrained with the currently available data, a pedogenic origin is consistent with observed Martian geology and geochemistry, and provides a testable hypothesis that can be evaluated with present and future data from the Mars surface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Erosion
KW  - Salts
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Hypothesis
N1  - Accession Number: 33345197; Amundson, Ronald 1; Email Address: earthy@nature.berkeley.edu; Ewing, Stephanie 1; Dietrich, William 2; Sutter, Brad 3; Owen, Justine 1; Chadwick, Oliver 4; Nishiizumi, Kunihiko 5; Walvoord, Michelle 6; McKay, Christopher 7; Affiliations: 1: Division of Ecosystem Sciences, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McCone Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 3: Jacobs NASA/Johnson Space Center, MC JE23, 2224 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA; 4: Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; 5: Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS-413, Lakewood, CO 80225-0046, USA; 7: NASA-Ames Research Center, Building 245, Room 212, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Aug2008, Vol. 72 Issue 15, p3845; Thesaurus Term: Erosion; Thesaurus Term: Salts; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Subject Term: Hypothesis; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scully, R. C.
T1  - Predicted Ku-Band Attenuation by Twisted Nonshielded Cable and Twisted Shielded, Controlled Impedance Cable.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
PY  - 2008/08//Aug2008 Part 1 of 2
Y1  - 2008/08//Aug2008 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 542
EP  - 546
SN  - 00189375
AB  - Increasingly, the latest spacecraft designs utilize partially conducting composite materials such as graphite epoxy or carbon-loaded Kevlar panels. These materials provide significant weight and mechanical advantages compared to conventional metallic structures, but their radio-frequency (RF) shielding properties are not well understood. In order to maintain a specified level of electromagnetic shielding on the spacecraft, it is necessary to use these composites and other materials to construct complex electromagnetic interference closeouts where harnesses, propulsion lines, RF cables, and waveguides penetrate the spacecraft Faraday cage. Shielding effectiveness measurements of these composite materials with standard seams and penetrations were performed. Closeout methodology was based on best commercial practices and included materials such as metallic mesh screen, double-sided metal-clad dielectric, conductive thermal blankets, and metallic foil tape with conductive adhesive. The test was conducted using standard methods inside a MIL-STD-461E anechoic chamber. Results demonstrated that the spacecraft composite structure with closeouts typical for commercial spacecraft can provide greater than 40 dB of shielding effectiveness from 200 MHz to 10 GHz and greater than 30 dB of shielding effectiveness from 10 to 40 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - RADIO frequency
N1  - Accession Number: 34263960; Source Information: Aug2008 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p542; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/EMC.2008.927734
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wenbo Sun
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Zhenhui Wang
AU  - Yunfei Fu
AU  - Qian Feng
AU  - Ping Yang
T1  - Side-Face Effect of a Dielectric Strip on Its Optical Properties.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2337
EP  - 2344
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Light scattering by horizontally oriented platelike particles under normal incidence, such as ice plates or tree leaves under spaceborne lidar or radar waves, needs to be investigated for remote sensing of cirrus clouds or vegetation canopies. The solutions from the conventional geometrical ray tracing method for the scattering of electromagnetic waves by these particles are quite inaccurate because of-the singularity problem that is inherent to this method. The scattering properties of large horizontally oriented platelike particles are usually approximated by using physical optics or electromagnetic wave theory while ignoring the side-face effect of the plates. In this paper, to examine the effect of side faces on light scattering by platelike particles, a 2-D finite-difference time-domain technique is applied to calculate light scattering by horizontally oriented ice and leaf strips under normal or quasi-normal incidence. It is found that for moderate-sized strips, the side faces of the particles scatter a significant amount of energy, resulting in strong maxima in the scattering phase function at certain scattering angles. By ignoring the effect of side faces, the scattering phase functions derived from electromagnetic wave theory have significant errors for small or moderate-sized strips. However, the ratio of the amount of energy scattered by the side faces to the total scattered energy decreases with the increase of strip width. When the size parameter of the strip is in the limit of geometric optics, the side-face effect is reduced to a negligible amount. However, even in this case, the polarization degrees from the approximation solutions of physical optics or electromagnetic wave theory ignoring the side-face effect still have large errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ELECTRONIC pulse techniques
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - REFRACTION (Optics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - Finite-difference time domain (FDTD)
KW  - scattering
KW  - side-face effect
KW  - strip
N1  - Accession Number: 34045886; Wenbo Sun 1,2; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov; Bing Lin 3; Yongxiang Hu 3; Zhenhui Wang 4; Yunfei Fu 5; Qian Feng 6; Ping Yang 6; Affiliations: 1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 USA.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; 4: School of Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.; 5: School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.; 6: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.; Issue Info: Aug2008, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p2337; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC pulse techniques; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: REFRACTION (Optics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-difference time domain (FDTD); Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: side-face effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: strip; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - d'Humières, Dominique
AU  - Krafczyk, Manfred
AU  - Luo, Li-Shi
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Dedication to Pierre Lallemand on the occasion of his retirement.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 22
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 439
SN  - 10618562
AB  - The article reports that a tribute to Pierre Lallemand on the occasion of his retirement was given during the fourth international conference for mesoscopic methods in engineering and science in Munich, Germany from July 16 to 20, 2007. Lallemand retired from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) after more than 40 years of service. Information on Lallemand's educational background and professional career and achievements is provided.
KW  - Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) -- Officials & employees
KW  - Retirees
KW  - Scientists
KW  - Older people
KW  - Lallemand, Pierre
N1  - Accession Number: 33299583; d'Humières, Dominique 1; Email Address: dominiq@lps.ens.fr; Krafczyk, Manfred 2; Email Address: kraft@cab.bau.tu-bs.de; Luo, Li-Shi 3; Email Address: lluo@odu.edu; Rubinstein, Robert 4; Email Address: r.rubinstein@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'École Normale Supérieure 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cédex 05, France; 2: Institut für rechnergestützte Modellierung im Bauingenieurwesen; 3: Technische Universität Carola-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig Pockelsstraβe 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; 4: Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Center for Computational Sciences Old Dominion University, Computational Aerosciences Branch Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Issue Info: Aug2008, Vol. 22 Issue 7, p437; Subject Term: Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France) -- Officials & employees; Subject Term: Retirees; Subject Term: Scientists; Subject Term: Older people; People: Lallemand, Pierre; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560802305439
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finke, Niko
AU  - Jørgensen, Bo Barker
T1  - Response of fermentation and sulfate reduction to experimental temperature changes in temperate and Arctic marine sediments.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 2
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 815
EP  - 829
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Anaerobic degradation of organic material generally proceeds through a sequence of steps, including polymer hydrolysis, fermentation and respiration or methanogenesis. The intermediates, such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) or H2, are generally maintained at low concentration, showing a close coupling of the terminal oxidation to fermentation. We exposed marine sediments to extreme temperature perturbations to study the nature and robustness of this coupling. Bacterial sulfate reduction and its dependence on fermentation were studied experimentally over a broad temperature range of −0.3 to 40 °C in sediments from temperate and permanently cold environments. In an Arctic sediment from Svalbard, the apparent optimum temperature for sulfate reduction decreased with prolonged incubation, whereas sulfate reduction rates increased. In a temperate sediment from the North Sea, the apparent optimum temperature was higher and did not change with incubation time. Up to a critical temperature, the concentrations of VFA remained low, <3 μM for acetate and <1 μM for the other VFA, the H2 concentration showed thermodynamic control by sulfate-reducing bacteria, revealing a close coupling of fermentation and sulfate reduction. Above the critical temperature, the concentrations of VFA and H2 increased transiently by 100–1000-fold. According to the different in situ temperatures of the samples, the critical temperature was lower for sediments from the Arctic than from the North Sea. The H2 concentrations decreased again upon prolonged incubation to values typical for sulfate-depleted methanogenic sediments. This suggests that fermentative bacteria and methanogenic archaea in both sediments tolerated higher temperatures than the sulfate-reducing community.The ISME Journal (2008) 2, 815–829; doi:10.1038/ismej.2008.20; published online 28 February 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fermentation
KW  - Fatty acids
KW  - Anaerobic bacteria
KW  - Ecological disturbances
KW  - Marine sediments -- Microbiology
KW  - hydrogen
KW  - marine sediments
KW  - sulfate reduction
KW  - temperature response
KW  - volatile fatty acids
N1  - Accession Number: 34216540; Finke, Niko 1,2; Email Address: nfinke@web.de; Jørgensen, Bo Barker 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Aug2008, Vol. 2 Issue 8, p815; Thesaurus Term: Fermentation; Thesaurus Term: Fatty acids; Thesaurus Term: Anaerobic bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Ecological disturbances; Subject Term: Marine sediments -- Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: marine sediments; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfate reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature response; Author-Supplied Keyword: volatile fatty acids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2008.20
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaoyu Wang
AU  - Wen Wang
AU  - Yong Huang
AU  - Nhan Nguyen
AU  - Krishnakumar, Kalmanje
T1  - Design of neural network-based estimator for tool wear modeling in hard turning.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 396
SN  - 09565515
AB  - Hard turning with cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools has been proven to be more effective and efficient than traditional grinding operations in machining hardened steels. However, rapid tool wear is still one of the major hurdles affecting the wide implementation of hard turning in industry. Better prediction of the CBN tool wear progression helps to optimize cutting conditions and/or tool geometry to reduce tool wear, which further helps to make hard turning a viable technology. The objective of this study is to design a novel but simple neural network-based generalized optimal estimator for CBN tool wear prediction in hard turning. The proposed estimator is based on a fully forward connected neural network with cutting conditions and machining time as the inputs and tool flank wear as the output. Extended Kalman filter algorithm is utilized as the network training algorithm to speed up the learning convergence. Network neuron connection is optimized using a destructive optimization algorithm. Besides performance comparisons with the CBN tool wear measurements in hard turning, the proposed tool wear estimator is also evaluated against a multilayer perceptron neural network modeling approach and/or an analytical modeling approach, and it has been proven to be faster, more accurate, and more robust. Although this neural network-based estimator is designed for CBN tool wear modeling in this study, it is expected to be applicable to other tool wear modeling applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MACHINING
KW  - MANUFACTURING industries
KW  - TOOLS
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - GRINDING machines
KW  - Connectivity optimization
KW  - Extended Kalman filter
KW  - Hard turning
KW  - Neural network
KW  - Tool wear
N1  - Accession Number: 35076942; Xiaoyu Wang 1; Wen Wang 2; Yong Huang 1; Email Address: yongh@clemson.edu; Nhan Nguyen 3; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA; 2: College of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China; 3: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Aug2008, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p383; Thesaurus Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: MACHINING; Thesaurus Term: MANUFACTURING industries; Subject Term: TOOLS; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: GRINDING machines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Connectivity optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extended Kalman filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hard turning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neural network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tool wear; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541420 Industrial Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444130 Hardware Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333991 Power-Driven Handtool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332216 Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332210 Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10845-008-0090-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Sugar-Driven Prebiotic Synthesis of 3,5(6)-Dimethylpyrazin-2-one: A Possible Nucleobase of a Primitive Replication Process.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 292
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Reaction of glyceraldehyde with alanine amide (or ammonia) under anaerobic aqueous conditions yielded 3,5(6)-dimethylpyrazin-2-one that is considered a possible complementary residue of a primitive replicating molecule that preceded RNA. Synthesis of the dimethylpyrazin-2-one isomers under mild aqueous conditions (65°C, pH 5.5) from 100 mM glyceraldehyde and alanine amide (or ammonia) was complete in about 5 days. This synthesis using 25 mM glyceraldehyde and alanine amide gave a total pyrazinone yield of 9.3% consisting of 42% of the 3,5-dimethylprazin-2-one isomer and 58% of the 3,6-dimethylpyrazin-2-one isomer. The related synthesis of the dimethylpyrazin-2-one isomers from glyceraldehyde and ammonia was about 200-fold less efficient than the alanine amide reaction. This synthetic process is considered a reasonable model of origin-of-life chemistry because it uses plausible prebiotic substrates, and resembles modern biosynthesis by employing the energized carbon groups of sugars to drive the synthesis of small organic molecules. Possible sugar-driven pathways for the prebiotic synthesis of polymerizable 2-pyrazinone monomers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Alanine amide
KW  - Glyceraldehyde
KW  - Nucleobase synthesis
KW  - Origin of life
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
KW  - Pyrazinone synthesis
KW  - Sugar chemistry
KW  - Sugar–amine reaction
KW  - Template replication
N1  - Accession Number: 52535349; Weber, Arthur 1; Email Address: Arthur.L.Weber@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute , NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4 Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Issue Info: Aug2008, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p279; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alanine amide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glyceraldehyde; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleobase synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrazinone synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sugar chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sugar–amine reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Template replication; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-008-9141-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Georgiadis, Nicholas J.
T1  - Large-eddy simulation—Current capabilities and areas of needed research
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2008/08//
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 379
EP  - 380
SN  - 03760421
N1  - Accession Number: 34200416; Source Information: Aug2008, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p379; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Editorial; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2008.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bugos, Glenn E.
AU  - Boyd, John W.
T1  - Accelerating entrepreneurial space: The case for an NACA-style organization
JO  - Space Policy
JF  - Space Policy
J1  - Space Policy
PY  - 2008/08//
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 147
SN  - 02659646
AB  - Abstract: The entrepreneurial space industry today faces challenges similar to those facing the commercial aircraft industry in the early part of the last century. At that time the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) helped develop many of the key technologies that enabled air travel to become effective, economical and safe. Today, in discussing how best to support the realization of a commercial space economy, we suggest revisiting what an NACA-style organization can contribute. This paper outlines the key concepts that made the NACA so successful: a committee structure, open source publication, a willingness to try any useful experimental method, and a focus on problem definition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Space Policy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
N1  - Accession Number: 33538219; Source Information: Aug2008, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p140; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.spacepol.2008.06.003
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levine, B. D.
AU  - Stray-Gundersen, J.
AU  - Mehta, R. D.
T1  - Effect of altitude on football performance.
JO  - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
Y1  - 2008/08/02/Aug2008 Supplement 1
VL  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 76
EP  - 84
SN  - 09057188
AB  - Altitude will impact football performance through two separate and parallel pathways related to the hypobaric (physical) and hypoxic (physiological) components of terrestrial altitude: (a) the decrease in partial pressure of oxygen reduces maximal oxygen uptake and impairs “aerobic” performance by reducing maximal aerobic power, increasing the relative intensity of any given absolute level of work, and delaying recovery of high-energy phosphates between high-intensity “interval” type efforts; (b) the decrease in air density reduces air resistance which will facilitate high-velocity running, but will also alter drag and lift thereby impairing sensorimotor skills. These effects appear to have their greatest impact very early in the altitude exposure, and their physiological/neurosensory consequences are ameliorated by acclimatization, though the extent of restoration of sea level type performance depends on the absolute magnitude of the competing and living altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Effect of environment on human beings
KW  - Atmospheric pressure -- Physiological effect
KW  - Medical climatology
KW  - Acclimatization
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HEALTH
KW  - Influence of altitude
KW  - Anoxemia
KW  - Athletes
KW  - Soccer players
KW  - Oxygen -- Physiological effect
KW  - Athletic ability -- Testing
KW  - Sports -- Physiological aspects
KW  - Anaerobiosis
KW  - exercise
KW  - hypobaria
KW  - hypoxia
KW  - soccer
N1  - Accession Number: 34546533; Levine, B. D. 1; Stray-Gundersen, J. 2; Mehta, R. D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Institute For Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas; 2: Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas, USA;; 3: Fluid Mechanics Laboratory NASA Ames Research Center, Consultant in Sports Aerodynamics, Mountain View, California, USA; Issue Info: Aug2008 Supplement 1, Vol. 18, p76; Thesaurus Term: Effect of environment on human beings; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure -- Physiological effect; Thesaurus Term: Medical climatology; Thesaurus Term: Acclimatization; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: HEALTH; Subject Term: Influence of altitude; Subject Term: Anoxemia; Subject Term: Athletes; Subject Term: Soccer players; Subject Term: Oxygen -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: Athletic ability -- Testing; Subject Term: Sports -- Physiological aspects; Subject Term: Anaerobiosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: exercise; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypobaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypoxia; Author-Supplied Keyword: soccer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 711219 Other Spectator Sports; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00835.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Eldar Z. Noe6Dobrea
AU  - McKeown, Nancy K.
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Ehlmann, Bethany L.
AU  - Michalski, Joseph R.
AU  - Milliken, Ralph E.
AU  - Poulet, Francois
AU  - Swayze, Gregg A.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Bibring, Jean-Pierre
T1  - Phyllosilicate Diversity and Past Aqueous Activity Revealed at Mawrth Vallis, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/08/08/
VL  - 321
IS  - 5890
M3  - Article
SP  - 830
EP  - 833
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Observations by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars in the Mawrth Vallis region show several phyllosilicate species, indicating a wide range of past aqueous activity. Iron/magnesium (Fe/Mg)-smectite is observed in light-toned outcrops that probably formed via aqueous alteration of basalt of the ancient cratered terrain. This unit is overlain by rocks rich in hydrated silica, montmorillonite, and kaolinite that may have formed via subsequent leaching of Fe and Mg through extended aqueous events or a change in aqueous chemistry. A spectral feature attributed to an Fe2+ phase is present in many locations in the Mawrth Vallis region at the transition from Fe/Mg-smectite to aluminum/silicon (Al/Si)-rich units. Fe2+-bearing materials in terrestrial sediments are typically associated with microorganisms or changes in pH or cations and could be explained here by hydrothermal activity. The stratigraphy of Fe/Mg-smectite overlain by a ferrous phase, hydrated silica, and then Al-phyllosilicates implies a complex aqueous history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Iron
KW  - Magnesium
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Phyllosilicates
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Smectite
KW  - Kaolinite
KW  - Hydrothermal deposits
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 34049576; Bishop, Janice L. 1; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org; Eldar Z. Noe6Dobrea 2; McKeown, Nancy K. 3; Parente, Mario 4; Ehlmann, Bethany L. 5; Michalski, Joseph R. 6; Milliken, Ralph E. 2; Poulet, Francois 6; Swayze, Gregg A. 7; Mustard, John F. 5; Murchie, Scott L. 8; Bibring, Jean-Pierre 6; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 4: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 6: lnstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, 91405, France; 7: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA; 8: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Issue Info: 8/8/2008, Vol. 321 Issue 5890, p830; Thesaurus Term: Iron; Thesaurus Term: Magnesium; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Phyllosilicates; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Smectite; Subject Term: Kaolinite; Subject Term: Hydrothermal deposits; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1159699
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Liu, D.
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - Uno, I.
AU  - Sugimoto, N.
AU  - Kittaka, C.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Wang, Z.
AU  - Hostetler, C.
AU  - Winker, D.
T1  - Airborne dust distributions over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas derived from the first year of CALIPSO lidar observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/08/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5045
EP  - 5060
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Using an analysis of the first full year of CALIPSO lidar measurements, this paper derives unprecedented, altitude-resolved seasonal distributions of desert dust transported over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the surrounding areas. The CALIPSO lidar observations include numerous large dust plumes over the northern slope and eastern part of the TP, with the largest number of dust events occurring in the spring of 2007, and some layers being lofted to altitudes of 11-12 km. Generation of the Tibetan airborne dusts appears to be largely associated with source regions to the north and on the eastern part of the plateau. Examination of the CALIPSO time history reveals an "airborne dust corridor" due to the eastward transport of dusts originating primarily in these source areas. This corridor extends from west to east and shows a seasonality largely modulated by the TP through its dynamical and thermal forcing on the atmospheric flows. On the southern side, desert dust particles originate predominately in Northwest India and Pakistan. The dust transport occurs primarily in dry seasons around the TP western and southern slopes and dust particles become mixed with local polluted aerosols. No significant amount of dust appears to be transported over the Himalayas. Extensive forward trajectory simulations are also conducted to confirm the dust transport pattern from the nearby sources observed by the CALIPSO lidar. Comparisons with the OMI and MODIS measurements show the unique capability of the CALIPSO lidar to provide unambiguous, altitude-resolved dust measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Airsheds
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atomization
KW  - Colloids
N1  - Accession Number: 34431832; Liu, Z. 1; Email Address: zhaoyan.liu-1@nasa.gov; Liu, D. 2; Huang, J. 3; Vaughan, M. 4; Uno, I. 5; Sugimoto, N. 6; Kittaka, C. 7; Trepte, C. 4; Wang, Z. 2; Hostetler, C. 4; Winker, D. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 2: University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; 3: Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 5: Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan; 6: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 16, p5045; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Airsheds; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atomization; Subject Term: Colloids; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scholes, R. J.
AU  - Mace, G. M.
AU  - Turner, W.
AU  - GeIIer, G. N.
AU  - Jürgens, N.
AU  - Larigauderie, A.
AU  - Muchoney, D.
AU  - Walther, B. A.
AU  - Mooney, H. A.
T1  - Toward a Global Biodiversity Observing System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/08/22/
VL  - 321
IS  - 5892
M3  - Article
SP  - 1044
EP  - 1045
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses the development of an integrated biodiversity observation system to improve understanding about biodiversity in the U.S. The author stated that tracking biodiversity change is increasingly important in sustaining ecosystems and ultimately human well-being. In addition, the proposed Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) launched in 2002 is in response to the need for adequate information to support environmental decision making. Moreover, the initiative emphasized that importance of reliable biodiversity information for other international conventions.
KW  - Biological monitoring
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - Ecosystem management
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Population biology
KW  - Human ecology
KW  - Environmental management
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Decision making
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 34260276; Scholes, R. J. 1; Email Address: bscholes@csir.co.za; Mace, G. M. 2; Turner, W. 3; GeIIer, G. N. 4; Jürgens, N. 5; Larigauderie, A. 6; Muchoney, D. 7; Walther, B. A. 6; Mooney, H. A. 8; Affiliations: 1: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Natural Resources and Environment, Post Office Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; 2: Centre for Population Biology, National Environment Research Council, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK; 3: Earth Science Division, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, 300 E Street S.W., Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA; 4: NASA Ecological Forecasting Program, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS171-264, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA; 5: University of Hamburg, BioCentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany; 6: DIVERSITAS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Maison Buffon, 57, rue Cuvier-Case Postale 41, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France; 7: Group on Earth Observations (GEO), 7 bis, avenue de Ia Paix, Case Postale 2300, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland; 8: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Issue Info: 8/22/2008, Vol. 321 Issue 5892, p1044; Thesaurus Term: Biological monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Biodiversity; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystem management; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Population biology; Thesaurus Term: Human ecology; Thesaurus Term: Environmental management; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Subject Term: Decision making; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harari, Danielle
AU  - Iuffe, Steve
AU  - Kharicha, Kalpa
AU  - Egger, Matthias
AU  - Gillmann, Gerhard
AU  - von Renteln-Kruse, W.
AU  - Beck, John
AU  - Swift, Cameron
AU  - Stuck, Andreas
T1  - Promotion of health in older people: a randomised controlled trial of health risk appraisal in British general practice.
JO  - Age & Ageing
JF  - Age & Ageing
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 271
SN  - 00020729
AB  - Background: there is inadequate evidence to support currently formulated NHS strategies to achieve health promotion and preventative care in older people through broad-based screening and assessment in primary care. The most extensively evaluated delivery instrument for this purpose is Health Risk Appraisal (HRA). This article describes a trial using HRA to evaluate the effect on health behaviour and preventative-care uptake in older people in NHS primary care. Methods: a randomised controlled trial was undertaken in three London primary care group practices. Functionally independent community-dwelling patients older than 65 years (n = 2,503) received a self-administered Health Risk Appraisal for Older Persons (HRA-O) questionnaire leading to computer-generated individualised written feedback to participants and general practitioners (GPs), integrated into practice information-technology (IT) systems. All primary care staff received training in preventative health in older people. The main outcome measures were self-reported health behaviour and preventative care uptake at 1-year follow-up. Results: of 2,503 individuals randomised, 2,006 respondents (80.1%) (intervention, n = 940, control n = 1,066) were available for analysis. Intervention group respondents reported slightly higher pneumococcal vaccination uptake and equivocal improvement in physical activity levels compared with controls. No significant differences were observed for any other categories of health behaviour or preventative care measures at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: HRA-O implemented in this way resulted in minimal improvement of health behaviour or uptake of preventative care measures in older people. Supplementary reinforcement involving contact by health professionals with patients over and above routine clinical encounters may be a prerequisite to the effectiveness of IT-based delivery systems for health promotion in older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Age & Ageing is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEALTH promotion
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - RANDOMIZED controlled trials
KW  - PRIMARY care (Medicine)
KW  - GREAT Britain
KW  - elderly
KW  - health promotion
KW  - health risk appraisal
KW  - older
KW  - primar/ care
N1  - Accession Number: 34617604; Harari, Danielle 1; Email Address: danielle.harari@kcl.ac.uk; Iuffe, Steve 2; Kharicha, Kalpa 2; Egger, Matthias 3; Gillmann, Gerhard 3; von Renteln-Kruse, W. 4; Beck, John 5; Swift, Cameron 6; Stuck, Andreas 7; Source Information: Sep2008, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p265; Subject: HEALTH promotion; Subject: OLDER people; Subject: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject: PRIMARY care (Medicine); Geographic Terms: GREAT Britain; Author-Supplied Keyword: elderly; Author-Supplied Keyword: health promotion; Author-Supplied Keyword: health risk appraisal; Author-Supplied Keyword: older; Author-Supplied Keyword: primar/ care; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/ageing/afn150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kleinhenz, Julie
AU  - Feier, Ioan I.
AU  - Hsu, Sheng-Yen
AU  - T'ien, James S.
AU  - Ferkul, Paul V.
AU  - Sacksteder, Kurt R.
T1  - Pressure modeling of upward flame spread and burning rates over solids in partial gravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 154
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 637
EP  - 643
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Pressure–gravity modeling is proposed as a means to simulate upward flame spread and burning rates over vertical solid samples in partial gravity environments, such as on the Moon and on Mars. Based on experimental results in reduced gravity, the upward flame spread rate data over thin solids can be correlated by the expression (where p is the ambient pressure and g is the gravity level). This is close to the theoretical factor in preserving the Grashof number and is also supported by detailed numerical simulations. Since the flame size, shape and standoff distance are preserved in this simulation, it is expected that combustion properties controlled chiefly by convective heat transfer are properly accounted for by the present technique. This includes upward flame spread rates, growth rates, and burning rates over thin and thick solids in both laminar and turbulent flames. In flames where the heat transfer is dominated by soot emission, more studies are needed to verify the validity of this correlation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Physics
KW  - Solid state physics
KW  - Solids
KW  - DX centers (Solid state physics)
KW  - Long range order (Solid state physics)
KW  - Partial gravity
KW  - Pressure modeling
KW  - Solid burning
KW  - Upward flame spread
N1  - Accession Number: 33998161; Kleinhenz, Julie 1; Feier, Ioan I. 1; Hsu, Sheng-Yen 1; T'ien, James S. 1; Email Address: jst2@case.edu; Ferkul, Paul V. 2; Sacksteder, Kurt R. 3; Affiliations: 1: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; 2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 154 Issue 4, p637; Thesaurus Term: Physics; Subject Term: Solid state physics; Subject Term: Solids; Subject Term: DX centers (Solid state physics); Subject Term: Long range order (Solid state physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Partial gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upward flame spread; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.05.023
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sidebotham, George W.
AU  - Olson, Sandra L.
T1  - Microgravity opposed-flow flame spread in polyvinyl chloride tubes
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 154
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 789
EP  - 801
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: The effects of gravity on opposed-flow flame spread in a confined geometry were investigated experimentally in the 2.2-s drop tower at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Pure oxygen flowed through samples of 0.64-cm-inner-diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing held either horizontally or vertically in a combustion chamber filled with nitrogen. The sample was ignited in normal gravity with a hot wire, and once a flame was established, the apparatus was dropped to observe microgravity effects. Flame spread rate was measured in normal and microgravity at pressures of 1.0 and 0.5 atm. A low-flow ignition limit was observed at an opposed-flow velocity of 1.36 cm/s, at which point the horizontal, vertical, and microgravity flame spread rates were 0.40, 0.30, and 0.16 cm/s, respectively. For flow velocities above approximately 5.2 cm/s, there was no difference in the flame spread rates for normal and microgravity and the flame spread rate increased with a nearly square root dependence with respect to opposed-flow velocity. Buoyant flow velocities of 2.5 and 1.5 cm/s were estimated for horizontal and vertical flames, respectively. Vertical tests conducted at 0.5 atm pressure demonstrated no difference in flame spread rate between normal and microgravity. These results suggest that the fire risk associated with the use of PVC tubes during general anesthesia in either space or ground applications may be reduced if the application of a high-energy surgical tool is prevented during an active phase of the breathing cycle (inhale or exhale). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polyvinyl chloride
KW  - Haloalkanes
KW  - Vinyl chloride polymers
KW  - Polymer clay
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Buoyancy
KW  - Flame spread
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Tubing
N1  - Accession Number: 33998232; Sidebotham, George W. 1; Email Address: sidebo@cooper.edu; Olson, Sandra L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Mechanical Engineering Department, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, 51 Astor Place, New York, NY 10003, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 154 Issue 4, p789; Thesaurus Term: Polyvinyl chloride; Thesaurus Term: Haloalkanes; Subject Term: Vinyl chloride polymers; Subject Term: Polymer clay; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buoyancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame spread; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tubing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.05.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yong Xie
AU  - Xiaoxiong Xiong
AU  - Qu, John J.
AU  - Nianzeng Che
AU  - Lingli Wang
T1  - MODIS On-Orbit Spatial Characterization Using Ground Targets.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2666
EP  - 2674
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor is currently being operated on both Terra and Aqua spacecrafts. MODIS uses 36 bands arranged in four focal plane assemblies (FPAs)-visible, near infrared, short- and middle-wavelength infrared, and long-wavelength infrared. Misregistrations between spectral bands and FPAs and changes of spatial characterization on-orbit could impact the quality of science data products generated with multiple bands located on different FPAs. In this paper, an approach is presented to compute the MODIS band-to-band registration (BBR) using ground measurements. A special ground scene with unique features is selected to calculate the spatial registration along-scan and along-track. The monthly and yearly spatial deviations are calculated for the bands of both Terra and Aqua MODIS except for some ocean bands, cloud bands, and the Aqua MODIS band 6. The comparison with results derived from the spectroradiometric calibration assembly, a device operated on-orbit to track the BBR shift between any two of the spectral bands, generally shows good agreement. The measured differences between these two approaches are typically less than 100 m in the scan direction and 200 m in the track direction. This approach can provide more frequent characterization of the MODIS BBR and is extremely useful for other sensors that do not have an onboard spatial characterization device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY
KW  - Band-to-band registration (BBR)
KW  - BBR shift
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - spatial characterization
KW  - spectroradiometric calibration assembly (SRCA)
N1  - Accession Number: 34262517; Yong Xie 1; Email Address: yxie2@gmu.edu; Xiaoxiong Xiong 2; Email Address: Xiaoxiong.Xiong.1@gsfc.nasa.gov; Qu, John J. 1; Email Address: jqu@cos.gmu.edu; Nianzeng Che 3; Email Address: nianzengche@ssaihq.com; Lingli Wang 1; Email Address: lwang2@gmu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography and Geoinformation Sciences, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 3: Science Systems and Application, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p2666; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Band-to-band registration (BBR); Author-Supplied Keyword: BBR shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroradiometric calibration assembly (SRCA); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HEAPS, WILLIAM S.
AU  - WILSON, EMILY L.
AU  - GEORGIEVA, ELENA M.
T1  - PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC TRACE CONSTITUENTS USING A COMPACT FABRY-PEROT RADIOMETER.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 601
EP  - 612
SN  - 01291564
AB  - To address the problem of sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2, measurements are needed on a global scale. Satellite instruments show promise, but typically measure the total column. Since sources and sinks at the surface represent a small perturbation to the total column, a precision of better than 1% is required. No species has ever been measured from space at this level. Over the last three years, we have developed a small instrument based upon a Fabry-Perot interferometer that is highly sensitive to atmospheric CO2. We have tested this instrument in a ground based configuration and from aircraft platforms simulating operation from a satellite. The instrument is characterized by high signal to noise ratio, fast response and great specificity. We have performed simulations and instrument designs for systems to detect, H2O, CO, 13CO2, CH4, CH2O, NH3, SO2, N2O, NO2, and O3. The high resolution and throughput, and small size of this instrument make it adaptable to many other atmospheric species. We present results and discuss ways this instrument can be used for ground, aircraft or space based surveillance and the detection of pollutants, toxics and industrial effluents in a variety of scenarios including battlefields, industrial monitoring, or pollution transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - SINKS (Atmospheric chemistry)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - FABRY-Perot interferometers
KW  - absorption
KW  - atmospheric composition
KW  - Fabry-Perot
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - interferometry
KW  - measurement
KW  - metrology
KW  - optical instruments
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 35643157; HEAPS, WILLIAM S. 1; Email Address: William.S.Heaps@nasa.gov; WILSON, EMILY L. 2; Email Address: Emily.L.Wilson@nasa.gov; GEORGIEVA, ELENA M. 3; Email Address: egeorgie@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Laser and Electro-Optics Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 550, Building 19, Room S1, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771, United States of America; 2: Laser and Electro-Optics Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 554, Building 19, Room N1, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771, United States of America; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, 5523 Research Park Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, United States of America; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p601; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: SINKS (Atmospheric chemistry); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: FABRY-Perot interferometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabry-Perot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: metrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Zhang, Zhibo
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Warren, Stephen G.
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Huang, Hung-Lung
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Iaquinta, Jean
T1  - Effect of Cavities on the Optical Properties of Bullet Rosettes: Implications for Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Ice Cloud Properties.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 47
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2311
EP  - 2330
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Bullet rosette particles are common in ice clouds, and the bullets may often be hollow. Here the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented hollow bullet rosette ice particles are investigated. A bullet, which is an individual branch of a rosette, is defined as a hexagonal column attached to a hexagonal pyramidal tip. For this study, a hollow structure is included at the end of the columnar part of each bullet branch and the shape of the hollow structure is defined as a hexagonal pyramid. A hollow bullet rosette may have between 2 and 12 branches. An improved geometric optics method is used to solve for the scattering of light in the particle. The primary optical effect of incorporating a hollow end in each of the bullets is to decrease the magnitude of backscattering. In terms of the angular distribution of scattered energy, the hollow bullets increase the scattering phase function values within the forward scattering angle region from 1° to 20° but decrease the phase function values at side- and backscattering angles of 60°–180°. As a result, the presence of hollow bullets tends to increase the asymmetry factor. In addition to the scattering phase function, the other elements of the phase matrix are also discussed. The backscattering depolarization ratios for hollow and solid bullet rosettes are found to be very different. This may have an implication for active remote sensing of ice clouds, such as from polarimetric lidar measurements. In a comparison of solid and hollow bullet rosettes, the effect of the differences on the retrieval of both the ice cloud effective particle size and optical thickness is also discussed. It is found that the presence of hollow bullet rosettes acts to decrease the inferred effective particle size and to increase the optical thickness in comparison with the use of solid bullet rosettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Particles
KW  - Physics
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Light -- Scattering
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Optics
N1  - Accession Number: 34388030; Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu; Zhang, Zhibo 1; Kattawar, George W. 2; Warren, Stephen G. 3; Baum, Bryan A. 4; Huang, Hung-Lung 4; Hu, Yong X. 5; Winker, David 5; Iaquinta, Jean 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 2: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 4: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 6: Transport Research Laboratory, Wokingham, Berkshire, United Kingdom; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 47 Issue 9, p2311; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Particles; Thesaurus Term: Physics; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Light -- Scattering; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Optics; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAMC1905.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Skeletal muscle proteolysis in response to short-term unloading in humans.
AU  - Tesch, Per A.
AU  - Von Walden, Ferdinand
AU  - Gustafsson, Thomas
AU  - Linnehan, Richard M.
AU  - Trappe, Todd A.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 105
IS  - 3
SP  - 902
EP  - 906
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 34353883; Author: Tesch, Per A.: 1,2 email: Per.Tesch@miun.se. Author: Von Walden, Ferdinand: 1 Author: Gustafsson, Thomas: 3 Author: Linnehan, Richard M.: 4 Author: Trappe, Todd A.: 5 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology: 2 Department of Health Science, Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden: 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden: 4 Astronaut Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas: 5 Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana; No. of Pages: 5; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20080918
N2  - Skeletal muscle atrophy is evident after muscle disuse, unloading, or spaceflight and results from decreased protein content as a consequence of decreased protein synthesis, increased protein breakdown or both. At this time, there are essentially no human data describing proteolysis in skeletal muscle undergoing atrophy on Earth or in space, primarily due to lack of valid and accurate methodology. This particular study aimed at assessing the effects of short-term unloading on the muscle contractile proteolysis rate. Eight men were subjected to 72-h unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) and intramuscular interstitial levels of the naturally occurring proteolytic tracer 3-methyihistidine (3MH) were measured by means of microdialysis before and on completion of this intervention. The 3MH concentration following 72-h ULLS (2.01 ± 0.22 nmol/ml) was 44% higher (P < 0.05) than before ULLS (1.56 ± 0.20 nmol/ml). The present experimental model and the employed method determining 3MH in microdialysates present a promising tool for monitoring skeletal muscle proteolysis or metabolism of specific muscles during conditions resulting in atrophy caused by, e.g., disuse and real or simulated microgravity. This study provides evidence that the atrophic processes are evoked rapidly and within 72 h of unloading and suggests that countermeasures should be employed in the early stages of space missions to offset or prevent muscle loss during the period when the rate of muscle atrophy is the highest. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - *MEDICAL sciences
KW  - PROTEIN synthesis
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL genetics
KW  - 3-methyihistidine
KW  - contractile protein breakdown
KW  - microdialysis
KW  - muscle atrophy
KW  - space-flight simulation
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
AU  - Rutan, David A.
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
T1  - Cloud Effects on the Meridional Atmospheric Energy Budget Estimated from Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 4223
EP  - 4241
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The zonal mean atmospheric cloud radiative effect, defined as the difference between the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface cloud radiative effects, is estimated from 3 yr of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data. The zonal mean shortwave effect is small, though it tends to be positive (warming). This indicates that clouds increase shortwave absorption in the atmosphere, especially in midlatitudes. The zonal mean atmospheric cloud radiative effect is, however, dominated by the longwave effect. The zonal mean longwave effect is positive in the tropics and decreases with latitude to negative values (cooling) in polar regions. The meridional gradient of the cloud effect between midlatitude and polar regions exists even when uncertainties in the cloud effect on the surface enthalpy flux and in the modeled irradiances are taken into account. This indicates that clouds increase the rate of generation of the mean zonal available potential energy. Because the atmospheric cooling effect in polar regions is predominately caused by low-level clouds, which tend to be stationary, it is postulated here that the meridional and vertical gradients of the cloud effect increase the rate of meridional energy transport by the dynamics of the atmosphere from the midlatitudes to the polar region, especially in fall and winter. Clouds then warm the surface in the polar regions except in the Arctic in summer. Clouds, therefore, contribute toward increasing the rate of meridional energy transport from the midlatitudes to the polar regions through the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric waves
KW  - Rossby waves
KW  - Enthalpy
KW  - Polar regions
N1  - Accession Number: 34654737; Kato, Seiji 1; Rose, Fred G. 1; Rutan, David A. 1; Charlock, Thomas P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 21 Issue 17, p4223; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric waves; Subject Term: Rossby waves; Subject Term: Enthalpy; Subject: Polar regions; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JCLI1982.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ounaies, Zoubeida
AU  - Cheol Park
AU  - Harrison, Jocelyn
AU  - Lillehei, Peter
T1  - Evidence of Piezoelectricity in SWNT-Polyimide and SWNT-PZT-Polyimide Composites.
JO  - Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
EP  - 409
SN  - 08927057
AB  - Nanotechnology offers opportunities to reenergize the area of smart materials by addressing their current shortfalls and expanding their application range. For example, sensors based on polymer nanocomposites would provide a new paradigm for lightweight structural health monitoring for broad aeronautics and space applications. Deployable structures such as inflatable antennae and space mirrors will benefit from the incorporation of multifunctional lenses employing smart, articulating materials. In this paper, an approach to enhance the piezoelectricity of polyimides through the addition of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) is presented. The dielectric and electrical properties of the composites are investigated as a function of SWNT volume content. The dynamic and static mechanical properties are presented to assess the effect of the inclusions on the macro-scale properties of the nanocomposites. It is found that the SWNTs increase the dielectric, piezoelectric, and mechanical properties of the polyimide matrix. Addition of the SWNT in the PZT/polyimide composites facilitates poling and results in an increase of the piezoelectric properties of the three-phase composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOPLASTIC composites
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - TITANATES
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - lead zirconate titanate
KW  - nanocomposite
KW  - piezoelectric polyimide
KW  - single-wall carbon nanotube
N1  - Accession Number: 34447708; Ounaies, Zoubeida 1; Email Address: zounaies@tamu.edu; Cheol Park 2; Harrison, Jocelyn 3; Lillehei, Peter 3; Source Information: Sep2008, Vol. 21 Issue 5, p393; Subject: THERMOPLASTIC composites; Subject: POLYMERS; Subject: POLYIMIDES; Subject: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject: TITANATES; Subject: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: lead zirconate titanate; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-wall carbon nanotube; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0892705708089483
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ADAMS, J. L.
AU  - HARTLEY, T. T.
AU  - LORENZO, C. F.
T1  - Identification of Complex Order-distributions.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2008/09//Sep/Oct2008
VL  - 14
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1375
EP  - 1388
SN  - 10775463
AB  - This article discusses the identification of fractional systems using the concepts of complex order distribution. Based on the ability to define systems using complex order-distributions, it is shown that system identification in the frequency domain using a least-squares approach can be performed. A mesh is created to cover an area in the complex-order plane. The weighting of each block in the order-plane is selected to minimize the square-error between the frequency response of the system and the identified system. The identified systems have real time responses. Four examples, including both pure real-order systems and pure complex-order systems, are presented to demonstrate the utility of the identification method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTIONAL calculus
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Electrical engineering)
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - complex order-distributions
KW  - Fractional calculus
KW  - fractional-order systems
KW  - system identification
N1  - Accession Number: 34514513; ADAMS, J. L. 1; Email Address: jla36@uakron.edu; HARTLEY, T. T. 1; LORENZO, C. F. 2; Source Information: Sep/Oct2008, Vol. 14 Issue 9/10, p1375; Subject: FRACTIONAL calculus; Subject: SYSTEM identification; Subject: SYSTEM analysis; Subject: FREQUENCY response (Electrical engineering); Subject: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject: SYSTEMS theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: complex order-distributions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional calculus; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractional-order systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: system identification; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105681600
T1  - Effects of sensorimotor adaptation training on functional mobility in older adults.
AU  - Buccello-Stout RR
AU  - Bloomberg JJ
AU  - Cohen HS
AU  - Whorton EB
AU  - Weaver GD
AU  - Cromwell RL
Y1  - 2008/09//
N1  - Accession Number: 105681600. Language: English. Entry Date: 20081107. Revision Date: 20150820. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Gerontologic Care; Psychiatry/Psychology; Social Work. Grant Information: Supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Graduate Student Researchers Program under Grant NASA-NNJ05JG67H and by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute under Grant NASA NCC 9-58. NLM UID: 9508483. 
KW  - Physical Mobility -- In Old Age
KW  - Sensory Motor Integration -- Education -- In Old Age
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and Over
KW  - Balance, Postural
KW  - Control Group
KW  - Experimental Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Male
KW  - Pretest-Posttest Design
KW  - Random Assignment
KW  - Sensory Stimulation
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Treadmills -- Utilization
KW  - Two-Way Analysis of Variance
KW  - Virtual Reality -- Utilization
KW  - Walking
KW  - Human
SP  - P295
EP  - 300
JO  - Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences
JF  - Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences
JA  - J GERONTOL B PSYCHOL SCI SOC SCI
VL  - 63
IS  - 5
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
AB  - The goal of this study was to determine if prolonged exposure to perceptual-motor mismatch increased adaptability and retention of balance in older adults. Sixteen adults, aged 66 to 81 years, were randomized to one of two groups: either the control group (n = 8) or the experimental group (n = 8). Both groups first completed six trials of walking an obstacle course. Participants then trained twice a week for 4 weeks. In the training, the control group walked on a treadmill for 20 minutes while viewing a static visual scene and the experimental group walked on a treadmill for 20 minutes while viewing a rotating visual scene that provided a perceptual-motor mismatch. Following training, both groups were post-tested on the obstacle course. The experimental group moved faster through the obstacle course with fewer penalties. This training effect was retained for 4 weeks. Exposure to perceptual-motor mismatch induced an adaptive training effect that improved balance and locomotor control in older adults.
SN  - 1079-5014
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Mail Code SK37, Houston, TX, 77058. regina.buccello-stout-1@nasa.gov.
U2  - PMID: 18818444.
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105681600&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Hoogenboom, Gerrit
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
AU  - Hoell, James M.
T1  - Evaluation of NASA satellite- and assimilation model-derived long-term daily temperature data over the continental US
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2008/09/03/
VL  - 148
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1574
EP  - 1584
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: Agricultural research increasingly is expected to provide precise, quantitative information with an explicit geographic coverage. Limited availability of daily meteorological records often constrains efforts to provide such information through use of simulation models, spatial analysis, and related decision support tools. The Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources (NASA/POWER) project at the NASA Langley Research Center provides daily data globally for maximum and minimum temperatures and other weather variables on a 1° latitude–longitude grid. The data are assembled from a range of products derived from satellite imagery, ground observations, windsondes, modeling and data assimilation. Daily temperature data from NASA/POWER for 1983 to 2004 for the continental US were compared with data of 855 individual ground stations from the National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program (COOP). Additionally, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) simulation model was used to compare predicted time to anthesis using the two data sources. Comparisons of daily maximum temperatures (T max) gave an r 2-value of 0.88 (P <0.001) and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 4.1°C. For minimum temperature (T min), the r 2-value was 0.88 (P <0.001) and RMSE, 3.7°C. Mean values of T max, and T min from NASA/POWER were, respectively, 2.4°C cooler and 1.1°C warmer than the COOP data. Differences in temperature were least during summer months. When data were aggregated over periods of 8 days or more, the RMSE values declined to below 2.7°C for T max and T min. Simulations of time to anthesis with the two data sources were also strongly correlated (r 2 =0.92, P <0.001, RMSE=14.5 d). Anthesis dates of winter wheat regions showed better agreement than southern, winter-grown spring wheat regions. The differences between the data sources were associated with differences in elevation, which in large part resulted from NASA/POWER data being based on mean elevations over a 1° grid cells vs. COOP data corresponding to the elevation of specific stations. Additional sources of variation might include proximity to coastlines and differences in observation time, although these factors were not quantified. Overall, if mountainous and coastal regions are excluded, the NASA/POWER data appeared promising as a source of continuous daily temperature data for the USA for research and management applications concerned with scales appropriate to the 1° coordinate grid. It further appeared that the POWER data could be improved by adjusting for elevation (lapse rate) effects, reducing seasonal bias, and refining estimation of actual maximum and minimum temperatures in diurnal cycles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Agricultural ecology
KW  - Agriculture -- Research
KW  - Meteorology -- Study & teaching
KW  - daily maximum temperature ( T max )
KW  - daily minimum temperature ( T min )
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - NASA Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources ( NASA/POWER )
KW  - NOAA National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program ( COOP )
KW  - Phenology
KW  - root-mean-squared error ( RMSE )
KW  - time of observation bias ( TOB )
KW  - Triticum aestivum
N1  - Accession Number: 33991908; White, Jeffrey W. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov; Hoogenboom, Gerrit 2; Stackhouse, Paul W. 3; Hoell, James M. 4; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239, United States; 2: University of Georgia, Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, United States; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681–2199, United States; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666-5845, United States; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 148 Issue 10, p1574; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural ecology; Thesaurus Term: Agriculture -- Research; Subject Term: Meteorology -- Study & teaching; Author-Supplied Keyword: daily maximum temperature ( T max ); Author-Supplied Keyword: daily minimum temperature ( T min ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision support systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources ( NASA/POWER ); Author-Supplied Keyword: NOAA National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program ( COOP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: root-mean-squared error ( RMSE ); Author-Supplied Keyword: time of observation bias ( TOB ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Triticum aestivum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.05.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=33991908&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Ishkhanova, Galina
AU  - Henson, Joan
T1  - Defoliation effects on enzyme activities of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus granulatus in a Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) stand in Yellowstone National Park.
JO  - Oecologia
JF  - Oecologia
Y1  - 2008/09/15/
VL  - 158
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 83
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00298549
AB  - Ectomycorrhizal (EM) basidiomycete fungi are obligate mutualists of pines and hardwoods that receive fixed C from the host tree. Though they often share most recent common ancestors with wood-rotting fungi, it is unclear to what extent EM fungi retain the ability to express enzymes that break down woody substrates. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the dominant EM fungus in a pure pine system retains the ability to produce enzymes that break down woody substrates in a natural setting, and that this ability is inducible by reduction of host photosynthetic potential via partial defoliation. To achieve this, pines in replicate blocks were defoliated 50% by needle removal, and enzyme activities were measured in individual EM root tips that had been treated with antibiotics to prevent possible bacterial activity. Results indicate that the dominant EM fungal species ( Suillus granulatus) expressed all enzymes tested (endocellulase D-glucosidase, laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, phosphatase and protease), and that activities of these enzymes increased significantly ( P < 0.001) in response to defoliation. Thus, this EM fungus (one of the more specialized mutualists of pine) has the potential to play a significant role in C, N and P cycling in this forested ecosystem. Therefore, many above-ground factors that reduce photosynthetic potential or divert fixed C from roots may have wide-reaching ecosystem effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oecologia is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Defoliation
KW  - Plant phenology
KW  - Mycorrhizas
KW  - Ectomycorrhizas
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Catalysts
KW  - Proteins
KW  - Ectomycorrhizae
KW  - Suillus granulatus
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 34631173; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: cullings1@earthlink.net; Ishkhanova, Galina 1; Henson, Joan 2; Email Address: jhenson@montana.edu; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, MoVett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: Department of Microbiology, Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 158 Issue 1, p77; Thesaurus Term: Defoliation; Thesaurus Term: Plant phenology; Thesaurus Term: Mycorrhizas; Subject Term: Ectomycorrhizas; Subject Term: Enzymes; Subject Term: Catalysts; Subject Term: Proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhizae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Suillus granulatus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00442-008-1119-6
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=34631173&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Zhonghai
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Xie, Yu
AU  - Miller, Walter
T1  - Snow optical properties for different particle shapes with application to snow grain size retrieval and MODIS/CERES radiance comparison over Antarctica
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/09/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3563
EP  - 3581
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: We investigated the single scattering optical properties of snow for different ice particle shapes and degrees of microscopic scale roughness. These optical properties were implemented and tested in a coupled atmosphere-snow radiative transfer model. The modeled surface spectral albedo and radiance distribution were compared with surface measurements. The results show that the reflected radiance and irradiance over snow are sensitive to the snow grain size and its vertical profile. When inhomogeneity of the particle size distribution in the vertical is taken into account, the measured spectral albedo can be matched, regardless of the particle shapes. But this is not true for the modeled radiance distribution, which depends a lot on the particle shape. The usual “equivalent spheres” assumption significantly overestimates forward reflected radiances, and underestimates backscattering radiances, around the principal plane. On average, the aggregate shape assumption has the best agreement with the measured radiances to a mean bias within 2%. The snow optical properties with the aggregate assumption were applied to the retrieval of snow grain size over the Antarctic plateau. The retrieved grain sizes of the top layer showed similar and large seasonal variation in all years, but only small year to year variation. Using the retrieved snow grain sizes, the modeled spectral and broadband radiances showed good agreements with MODIS and CERES measurements over the Antarctic plateau. Except for the MODIS 2.13 μm channel, the mean relative model-observation differences are within few percent. The modeled MODIS radiances using measured surface reflectance at Dome C also showed good agreement in visible channels, where radiation is not sensitive to snow grain size and the measured surface bidirectional reflectance is applicable over the Antarctic plateau. But modeled radiances using local, surface-measured reflectance in the near infrared yielded large errors because of the high sensitivity to the snow grain size, which varies spatially and temporally. The CERES broadband shortwave radiance is moderately sensitive to the snow grain size, comparable to the MODIS 0.86 μm channel. The variation of broadband snow reflectance due to the seasonal variation in snow grain size is about 5% in a year over the Antarctic plateau. CERES broadband radiances simulated with grain sizes retrieved using MODIS are about 2% larger than those observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Snow -- Measurement
KW  - Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy
KW  - Seawater -- Optical properties
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Plateaus -- Antarctica
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Radiance
KW  - Snow
KW  - Snow grain size retrieval
N1  - Accession Number: 33529190; Jin, Zhonghai 1; Email Address: Zhonghai.Jin@nasa.gov; Charlock, Thomas P. 2; Yang, Ping 3; Xie, Yu 3; Miller, Walter 1; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., One Enterprise PKWY, STE 200, Hampton, VA 23666, United States; 2: Mail Stop 420, Climate Science Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, United States; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Issue Info: Sep2008, Vol. 112 Issue 9, p3563; Thesaurus Term: Snow -- Measurement; Subject Term: Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy; Subject Term: Seawater -- Optical properties; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Brightness temperature; Subject Term: Plateaus -- Antarctica; Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow grain size retrieval; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=33529190&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shvedova, A. A.
AU  - Kisin, E.
AU  - Murray, A. R.
AU  - Johnson, V. J.
AU  - Gorelik, O.
AU  - Arepalli, S.
AU  - Hubbs, A. F.
AU  - Mercer, R. R.
AU  - Keohavong, P.
AU  - Sussman, N.
AU  - Jin, J.
AU  - Yin, J.
AU  - Stone, S.
AU  - Chen, B. T.
AU  - ' G. Deye
AU  - Maynard, A.
AU  - Castranova, V.
AU  - Baron, P. A.
AU  - Kagan, V. E.
T1  - Inhalation vs. aspiration of single-walled carbon nanotubes in C57BL/6 mice: inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and mutagenesis.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - L552
EP  - L565
SN  - 10400605
AB  - Nanomaterials are frontier technological products used in different manufactured goods. Because of their unique physicochernical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are finding numerous applications in electronics, aerospace devices, computers, and chemical, polymer, and pharmaceutical industries. SWCNT are relatively recently discovered members of the carbon allotropes that are similar in structure to fullerenes and graphite. Previously, we (47) have reported that pharyngeal aspiration of purified SWCNT by C57BL/6 mice caused dose-dependent granulomatous pneumonia, oxidative stress, acute inflammatory/cytokine responses, fibrosis, and decrease in pulmonary function. To avoid potential artifactual effects due to instillation/agglomeration associated with SWCNT, we conducted inhalation exposures using stable and uniform SWCNT dispersions obtained by a newly developed aerosolization technique (2). The inhalation of nonpurified SWCNT (iron content of 17.7% by weight) at 5 mg/m², 5 h/day for 4 days was compared with pharyngeal aspiration of varying doses (5-20 µg per mouse) of the same SWCNT. The chain of pathological events in both exposure routes was realized through synergized interactions of early inflammatory response and oxidative stress culminating in the development of multifocal granulornatous pneumonia and interstitial fibrosis. SWCNT inhalation was more effective than aspiration in causing inflammatory response, oxidative stress, collagen deposition, and fibrosis as well as mutations of K-ras gene locus in the lung of C57BL/6 mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - FIBROSIS
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - MUTAGENESIS
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - lung disease
KW  - nanoparticles
N1  - Accession Number: 34989083; Shvedova, A. A. 1,2; Email Address: ats1@cdc.gov; Kisin, E. 1; Murray, A. R. 1; Johnson, V. J. 3; Gorelik, O. 4,5; Arepalli, S. 4,5; Hubbs, A. F. 1; Mercer, R. R. 1,2; Keohavong, P. 6; Sussman, N. 6; Jin, J. 6; Yin, J. 6; Stone, S. 1; Chen, B. T. 1; ' G. Deye 7; Maynard, A. 8; Castranova, V. 1,2,6; Baron, P. A. 7; Kagan, V. E. 6; Source Information: Oct2008, Vol. 39 Issue 4, pL552; Subject: CARBON nanotubes; Subject: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject: FIBROSIS; Subject: OXIDATIVE stress; Subject: MUTAGENESIS; Subject: PHYSIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: lung disease; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoparticles; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajplung.90287.2008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=34989083&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DORAN, PETER T.
AU  - MCKAY, CHRISTOPHER P.
AU  - FOUNTAIN, ANDREW G.
AU  - NYLEN, THOMAS
AU  - MCKNIGHT, DIANE M.
AU  - JAROS, CHRIS
AU  - BARRETT, JOHN E.
T1  - Hydrologic response to extreme warm and cold summers in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, East Antarctica.
JO  - Antarctic Science
JF  - Antarctic Science
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 499
EP  - 509
SN  - 09541020
AB  - The meteorological characteristics and hydrological response of an extreme warm, and cold summer in the McMurdo Dry Valleys are compared. The driver behind the warmer summer conditions was the occurrence of down-valley winds, which were not present during the colder summer. Occurrence of the summer down-valley winds coincided with lower than typical mean sea level pressure in the Ross Sea region. There was no significant difference in the amount of solar radiation received during the two summers. Compared to the cold summer, glaciological and hydrological response to the warm summer in Taylor Valley included significant glacier mass loss, and 3- to nearly 6000-fold increase in annual streamflow. Lake levels decreased slightly during the cold summer, and increased between 0.54 and 1.01 m during the warm summer, effectively erasing the prior 14 years of lake level lowering in a period of three months. Lake level rise during the warm summer was shown to be strongly associated with and increase in degree days above freezing at higher elevations. We suggest that strong summer down-valley winds may have been responsible for the generation of large glacial lakes during the Last Glacial Maximum when ice core records recorded annual temperatures significantly colder than present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Antarctic Science is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Paleoclimatology
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Glaciers -- Antarctica
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - climate
KW  - glaciers
KW  - hydrology
KW  - lakes
KW  - palaeoclimate
KW  - streams
N1  - Accession Number: 35065023; DORAN, PETER T. 1; MCKAY, CHRISTOPHER P. 2; Email Address: pdoran@uic.edu; FOUNTAIN, ANDREW G. 3; NYLEN, THOMAS 3; MCKNIGHT, DIANE M. 4; JAROS, CHRIS 4; BARRETT, JOHN E. 5; Affiliations: 1: Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97207-0751, USA; 4: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, 1560 30th Street, Campus Box 450, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 5: Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Issue Info: Oct2008, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p499; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Paleoclimatology; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Glaciers -- Antarctica; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: glaciers; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: lakes; Author-Supplied Keyword: palaeoclimate; Author-Supplied Keyword: streams; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0954102008001272
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=35065023&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Gross, Peggy
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
T1  - Storage of carbon in U.S. forests predicted from satellite data, ecosystem modeling, and inventory summaries.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 269
EP  - 282
SN  - 01650009
AB  - A plant and soil simulation model based on satellite observations of vegetation and climate data was used to estimate the potential carbon pools in standing wood biomass across all forest ecosystems of the conterminous United States up to the year 1997. These modeled estimates of vegetative carbon potential were compared to aggregated measurements of standing wood biomass from the U. S. Forest Service’s national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data set and the Carbon Online Estimator (COLE) to understand: 1) predominant geographic variations in tree growth rate and 2) local land cover and land use history including the time since the last stand-replacing disturbance (e.g., from wildfire or harvest). Results suggest that although wood appears to be accumulating at high rates in many areas of the U.S. (Northwest and Southeast), there are still extensive areas of relatively low biomass forest in the late 1990s according to FIA records. We attribute these low biomass accumulation levels to the high frequency of disturbances, which can be observed even in high production areas such as the Southeast due to frequent forest harvests. Ecosystem models like the one presented in this study have been coupled with satellite observations of land cover and green plant density to uniquely differentiate areas with a high potential for vegetative carbon storage at relatively fine spatial resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Biomass
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. Forest Service
N1  - Accession Number: 35076751; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Gross, Peggy 2; Klooster, Steven 2; Fladeland, Matthew 1; Genovese, Vanessa 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside USA; Issue Info: Oct2008, Vol. 90 Issue 3, p269; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. Forest Service; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10584-008-9462-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=35076751&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Takahashi, Fumiaki
AU  - Linteris, Gregory T.
AU  - Katta, Viswanath R.
T1  - Extinguishment of methane diffusion flames by carbon dioxide in coflow air and oxygen-enriched microgravity environments
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 155
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 37
EP  - 53
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Microgravity experiments and computations have been conducted to elucidate stabilization and extinguishment mechanisms of methane diffusion flames, in the cup-burner configuration, with CO2 added gradually to a coflowing air or oxygen-enriched stream. The minimum extinguishing concentration of CO2 under low oxidizer velocities (<20 cm/s) was measured in microgravity achieved by parabolic flights of the NASA Reduced Gravity Aircraft. Transient computations with full chemistry and a gray-gas radiation model were performed to reveal the detailed flame structure and extinguishment processes. To compensate for the overestimation of radiative heat losses at high concentrations of radiating CO2, the Planck mean absorption coefficient was multiplied by a correction factor (). The fuel-lean peak reactivity spot (the so-called reaction kernel) at the flame base stabilized the trailing diffusion flame. The calculated temperature along the trailing flame decreased downstream due to radiative cooling, leading to local extinction at <1300 K and flame tip opening. As CO2 was added to the oxidizer: (1) the calculated maximum flame temperature decreased toward a threshold (≈1600 K); (2) the reaction kernel weakened (i.e., lower heat release rate) but nonetheless remained at a nearly constant temperature (≈1450 K); (3) the flame base stabilized increasingly higher above the burner rim, parallel to the axis; until finally, (4) blowoff-type extinguishment occurred. In the lifted flame, the broadened reaction kernel supported a super-lean reaction branch on the oxidizer side as well as the trailing diffusion flame on the fuel-rich side (no triple flame structure was formed). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Fire extinction
KW  - Diffusion flame stabilization
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Reaction kernel
KW  - Spacecraft fire suppression
N1  - Accession Number: 34650494; Takahashi, Fumiaki 1; Email Address: fxt13@case.edu; Linteris, Gregory T. 2; Katta, Viswanath R. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Space Exploration Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 2: Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; 3: Innovative Scientific Solutions Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440, USA; Issue Info: Oct2008, Vol. 155 Issue 1/2, p37; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Fire extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flame stabilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction kernel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft fire suppression; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anagnostou, Marios N.
AU  - Nystuen, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.
AU  - Nikolopoulos, Efthymios I.
AU  - Amitai, Eyal
T1  - Evaluation of Underwater Rainfall Measurements During the Ionian Sea Rainfall Experiment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/10//Oct2008 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2936
EP  - 2946
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Rainfall on the sea surface generates a loud and distinctive sound underwater. This sound propagates downward and attenuates, producing an effective listening area or an equivalent "catchment basin" for a listening device that is a function of depth and frequency. Acoustical measurements of rainfall are reported from four passive aquatic listeners (PALs) at 60-, 200-, 1000-, and 2000-m depths from a mooring in the Ionian Sea off the southwestern coast of Greece (37N, 21.5E) from January to April 2004. These measurements are compared to colocated high-resolution X-band dual-polarization (XPOL) radar rainfall measurements. The XPOL radar reports the spatial distribution of rainfall variability over the listening areas of the PALs. Four quality-controlled rainfall events, including drizzle, squall line, and heavy rainfall, are presented in this study. The radar rainfall is spatially averaged over the mooring and compared with the four different acoustic measurements at different depths. To understand the issue of spatial averaging, quantitative comparisons are presented, showing a high correlation between the acoustic measurements and the area-averaged radar estimates at corresponding resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADAR
KW  - SQUALL lines
KW  - FRONTS (Meteorology)
KW  - STORMS
KW  - HYDROMETEOROLOGY
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - Radar measurements
KW  - rainfall
KW  - sound level
KW  - underwater acoustical measurements
KW  - X-band dual-polarization (XPOL) radar
N1  - Accession Number: 35294148; Anagnostou, Marios N. 1; Email Address: managnostou@ath.hcmr.gr; Nystuen, Jeffrey A. 2; Anagnostou, Emmanouil N. 1,3; Nikolopoulos, Efthymios I. 1,3; Amitai, Eyal 4,5; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Inland Waters, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, 19013 Anavissos, Greece.; 2: Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98 105-6698 USA.; 3: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-2037 USA.; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Canter, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 5: Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866 USA.; Issue Info: Oct2008 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p2936; Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: SQUALL lines; Subject Term: FRONTS (Meteorology); Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: HYDROMETEOROLOGY; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: rainfall; Author-Supplied Keyword: sound level; Author-Supplied Keyword: underwater acoustical measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-band dual-polarization (XPOL) radar; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holland, Donald E.
AU  - Berglund, Judith A.
AU  - Spruce, Joseph P.
AU  - McKellip, Rodney D.
T1  - Derivation of Effective Aerodynamic Surface Roughness in Urban Areas from Airborne Lidar Terrain Data.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 47
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2614
EP  - 2626
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - An automated technique was developed that uses only airborne lidar terrain data to derive the necessary parameters for calculation of effective aerodynamic surface roughness in urban areas. The technique provides parameters for geometric models that have been used over the past 40+ years by automatically deriving the relevant geometry, orientation, and spacing of buildings and trees. In its prototypical form, this technique subsequently calculates an effective surface roughness for 1-km2 parcels of land for each of five geometric models. The user can define several constraints to guide processing based on a priori knowledge of the urban area or lidar data characteristics. Any given wind direction (or range of directions) can be selected to simulate conditions of variable wind flow and the impact on effective surface roughness. The operation, capabilities, and limitations of the technique were demonstrated using lidar terrain data from Broward County, Florida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - Metropolitan areas
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Geometry
KW  - Florida
N1  - Accession Number: 34951579; Holland, Donald E. 1; Email Address: donald.e.holland@nasa.gov; Berglund, Judith A. 1; Spruce, Joseph P. 1; McKellip, Rodney D. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; Issue Info: Oct2008, Vol. 47 Issue 10, p2614; Subject Term: Aerodynamics; Subject Term: Metropolitan areas; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Geometry; Subject: Florida; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAMC1751.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Podolske, J. R.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
T1  - Comparison of Water Vapor Measurements by Airborne Sun Photometer and Diode Laser Hygrometer on the NASA DC-8.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 25
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1733
EP  - 1743
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - In January–February 2003, the 14-channel NASA Ames airborne tracking sun photometer (AATS) and the NASA Langley/Ames diode laser hygrometer (DLH) were flown on the NASA DC-8 aircraft. The AATS measured column water vapor on the aircraft-to-sun path, while the DLH measured local water vapor in the free stream between the aircraft fuselage and an outboard engine cowling. The AATS and DLH measurements have been compared for two DC-8 vertical profiles by differentiating the AATS column measurement and/or integrating the DLH local measurement over the altitude range of each profile (7.7–10 km and 1.1–12.5 km). These comparisons extend, for the first time, tests of AATS water vapor retrievals to altitudes >∼6 km and column contents <0.1 g cm-2. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time suborbital spectroscopic water vapor measurements using the 940-nm band have been tested in conditions so high and dry. Values of layer water vapor (LWV) calculated from the AATS and DLH measurements are highly correlated for each profile. The composite dataset yields r 2 0.998, rms difference 7.7%, and bias (AATS minus DLH) 1.0%. For water vapor densities AATS and DLH had r 2 0.968, rms difference 27.6%, and bias (AATS minus DLH) -4.2%. These results for water vapor density compare favorably with previous comparisons of AATS water vapor to in situ results for altitudes <∼6 km, columns ∼0.1 to 5 g cm-2, and densities ∼0.1 to 17 g m-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aeronautics -- United States
KW  - Diodes
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Molecular weights
KW  - Physical & theoretical chemistry
KW  - Vapor density
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35324665; Livingston, J. M. 1,2; Email Address: john.livingston@sri.com; Schmid, B. 3; Russell, P. B. 4; Redemann, J. 5; Podolske, J. R. 4; Diskin, G. S. 6; Affiliations: 1: SRI International, Menlo Park, California; 2: Corresponding author address: John M. Livingston, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025.; 3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Oct2008, Vol. 25 Issue 10, p1733; Subject Term: Aeronautics -- United States; Subject Term: Diodes; Subject Term: Lasers; Subject Term: Molecular weights; Subject Term: Physical & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: Vapor density ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JTECHA1047.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shepherd, Kevin P.
T1  - HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER COIL WITH ACOUSTIC WAVE GUIDING FUNCTION.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 124
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1899
EP  - 1899
SN  - 00014966
AB  - The article reviews the acoustical patent High-Voltage Transformer Coil With Acoustic Wave Guide Function filed to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by Jiann-Fuh Chen et al, assignors to Unelectra International Corp., in December 1, 2005 and approved on March 4, 2008. The patent involves a waveguide made of a nonconducting material attached to cast resin transformer coil. In this patent, an acoustic transducer is attached at the end of extension which is suitable distance from high voltages that may be present in coils.
KW  - PATENTS -- United States
KW  - HIGH voltages
KW  - ELECTRIC transformers
KW  - ELECTRIC coils
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Patent & Trademark Office
N1  - Accession Number: 34772096; Shepherd, Kevin P. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Mail Stop 463, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681;  Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 124 Issue 4, p1899; Subject Term: PATENTS -- United States; Subject Term: HIGH voltages; Subject Term: ELECTRIC transformers; Subject Term: ELECTRIC coils; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vayner, Boris
AU  - Ferguson, Dale C.
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
T1  - Emission Spectra of Arc Plasmas.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
Y1  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2219
EP  - 2227
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Emission spectra of arc plasmas contain valuable information regarding arc sites, plasma parameters and composition, and temporal dynamics of plasma expansion. Emission spectra within the range of 200-800 nm were measured for trigger arcs on triple junctions and sustained arcs between solar array strings. Spectra were recorded from arcs on several different brands of conventionally designed solar array samples immersed in simulated low-Earth-orbit plasma. The arc sites and cathode materials were determined for plasmas generated by primary discharges and sustained arcs. Comparative analysis of temporal dynamics of arc current pulse waveforms with spectral line intensities allowed obtaining estimates for plasma expansion rates. Statistical processing of spectral line intensities resulted in calculations of arc plasma electron temperatures and surface densities of some atomic species. The presence of a flux of energetic electrons (above 100 eV) was confirmed by analysis of the structure of the excited atom and ion energy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - STATICS
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - QUALITATIVE chemical analysis
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 35735569; Source Information: Oct2008 Part 2 of 4, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p2219; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE chemical analysis; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2008.2001424
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandell, Myron J.
AU  - Davis, Victoria A.
AU  - Pencil, Eric J.
AU  - Patterson, Michael J.
AU  - McEwen, Heather K.
AU  - Foster, John E.
AU  - Snyder, John Steve
T1  - Modeling the NEXT Multithruster Array Test With Nascap-2k.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
Y1  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2309
EP  - 2318
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Tests of up to three simultaneously firing 40-cm NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thrusters took place at NASA Glenn Research Center. In addition to numerous engineering tests, the experiment was instrumented to measure plasma properties in the interacting plumes, charge exchange return current to the active and dormant thrusters, and current and plasma properties at various locations. This paper describes the use of Nascap-2k to calculate plume potentials and charge exchange ion return currents to active and dormant ion optics and to diagnostic probes. Calculations were performed varying the numbers of active thrusters, thruster power levels, and gimbaling. The results were extrapolated to space conditions. Despite several simplifying assumptions, we obtained good agreement with experimental results. No major problems associated with multiple thruster operation were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - FIELD theory (Physics)
KW  - MANAGEMENT science
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - ROCKETRY
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 35735579; Source Information: Oct2008 Part 2 of 4, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p2309; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Subject Term: MANAGEMENT science; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ROCKETRY; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 18 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2008.2003534
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
AU  - Vayner, Boris V.
AU  - Hillard, G. Barry
AU  - Ferguson, Dale C.
T1  - SSTE-4 Program Advanced Photovoltaic Cell Technologies: Ground Chamber Test Results.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
Y1  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2425
EP  - 2433
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Plasma ground-testing results, obtained at the John H. Glenn Research Center National Plasma Interaction Facility, are presented for a number of thin-film photovoltaic cells. The cells represent a mix of promising new technologies identified by the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Space Science Technology Experiment (SSTE-4) Program. The current ground-testing efforts are aimed at characterizing both the performance and survivability of thin-film technologies in the harsh Low Earth Orbit space environment where they are intended to be flown. Measurements of parasitic currents and arc threshold voltages were performed in situ under strictly controlled charging conditions for both amorphous silicon (a-Si) and copper indium gallium selenide cells. Surface flashing on the large-area a-Si cells revealed that microdischarges in the dielectric surface do not appear to cause any apparent degradation to the cells. Catastrophic arc testing between adjacent cells resulted in no sustained arcs. Similar catastrophic arc tests between adjacent strings resulted in self-extinguished nonsustained arc extensions on time scales of approximately 100 μs in length. All cell efficiency measurements were performed in the Solar Cell Calibration Laboratory prior to plasma testing and then once again after the completion of the plasma tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - THIN films
KW  - COPPER
N1  - Accession Number: 35735591; Source Information: Oct2008 Part 2 of 4, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p2425; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2008.2002956
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, L.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Boersma, K. F.
AU  - Jaffe, D. A.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Bowman, K. W.
AU  - Worden, J. R.
AU  - Thompson, A. M.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Flock, F. M.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - McMillan, W.W.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
T1  - Transpacific transport of ozone pollution and the effect of recent Asian emission increases on air quality in North America: an integrated analysis using satellite, aircraft, ozonesonde, and surface observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/10/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 6117
EP  - 6136
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use an ensemble of aircraft, satellite, sonde, and surface observations for April-May 2006 (NASA/INTEX-B aircraft campaign) to better understand the mechanisms for transpacific ozone pollution and its implications for North American air quality. The observations are interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem). OMI NO2 satellite observations constrain Asian anthropogenic NOx emissions and indicate a factor of 2 increase from 2000 to 2006 in China. Satellite observations of CO from AIRS and TES indicate two major events of Asian transpacific pollution during INTEX-B. Correlation between TES CO and ozone observations shows evidence for transpacific ozone pollution. The semi-permanent Pacific High and Aleutian Low cause splitting of transpacific pollution plumes over the Northeast Pacific. The northern branch circulates around the Aleutian Low and has little impact on North America. The southern branch circulates around the Pacific High and some of that air impacts western North America. Both aircraft measurements and model results show sustained ozone production driven by peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN) decomposition in the southern branch, roughly doubling the transpacific influence from ozone produced in the Asian boundary layer. Model simulation of ozone observations at Mt. Bachelor Observatory in Oregon (2.7 km altitude) indicates a mean Asian ozone pollution contribution of 9±3 ppbv to the mean observed concentration of 54 ppbv, reflecting mostly an enhancement in background ozone rather than episodic Asian plumes. Asian pollution enhanced surface ozone concentrations by 5-7 ppbv over western North America in spring 2006. The 2000-2006 rise in Asian anthropogenic emissions increased this influence by 1-2 ppbv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - Asia -- Environmental conditions
KW  - North America
KW  - Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 35155556; Zhang, L. 1; Email Address: linzhang@fas.harvard.edu; Jacob, D. J. 1,2; Boersma, K. F. 3; Jaffe, D. A. 4; Olson, J. R. 5; Bowman, K. W. 6; Worden, J. R. 6; Thompson, A. M. 7; Avery, M. A. 5; Cohen, R. C. 8; Dibb, J. E. 9; Flock, F. M. 10; Fuelberg, H. E. 11; Huey, L. G. 12; McMillan, W.W. 13; Singh, H. B. 14; Weinheimer, A. J. 15; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 2: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 3: KNMI, PO Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands; 4: University of Washington, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, WA 98021, USA; 5: Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 7: The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Meteorology, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802-5013 USA; 8: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 9: University of New Hampshire, Climate Change Research Center, 39 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 10: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 11: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4520, USA; 12: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0340, USA; 13: Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; 14: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 15: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 20, p6117; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject Term: Asia -- Environmental conditions; Subject: North America; Subject: Asia; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ellis, David L.
AU  - Hastings, Brian K.
T1  - Hydrogen embrittlement resistance of GRCop-84
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2008/10/15/
VL  - 33
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 5661
EP  - 5671
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: GRCop-84 contains approximately 5.5wt% Nb. Nb can react with hydrogen and embrittle easily. Previous work had indicated the thermodynamic possibility that Cr2Nb could react with hydrogen and form niobium hydrides in the presence of high pressure hydrogen. In this study, samples were charged with hydrogen and tested in both high pressure gaseous H2 and He environments to determine if measurable differences existed which indicate that hydrogen embrittlement occurs in GRCop-84. Tensile, notched tensile, stress rupture and low cycle fatigue properties were surveyed. High pressure H2 environment stress rupture testing resulted in a lower reduction in area than a high pressure He environment, and the LCF lives at high strain ranges fall below the lower 95% confidence interval for the baseline data, but in general no significant differences were noted either between H2 and He environment tests or between H charged materials and the baseline, uncharged extruded GRCop-84 data sets. There was also no discernable evidence of the formation of hydrides or changes in fracture morphology indicating hydrogen embrittlement occurred. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Embrittlement
KW  - Copper alloys
KW  - Metals -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Copper alloy
KW  - Hydrogen embrittlement
KW  - Mechanical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 34772356; Ellis, David L. 1; Email Address: david.l.ellis@nasa.gov; Hastings, Brian K. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, M.S. 49-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; 2: ERC/Jacobs Sverdrup Technology, Marshall Space Flight Center, Building 4628, Room 101, Huntsville, AL 35812, United States; Issue Info: Oct2008, Vol. 33 Issue 20, p5661; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen; Thesaurus Term: Embrittlement; Subject Term: Copper alloys; Subject Term: Metals -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen embrittlement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.05.057
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merlin, Olivier
AU  - Walker, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Kalma, Jetse D.
AU  - Kim, Edward J.
AU  - Hacker, Jorg
AU  - Panciera, Rocco
AU  - Young, Rodger
AU  - Summerell, Gregory
AU  - Hornbuckle, John
AU  - Hafeez, Mohsin
AU  - Jackson, Thomas
T1  - The NAFE’06 data set: Towards soil moisture retrieval at intermediate resolution
JO  - Advances in Water Resources
JF  - Advances in Water Resources
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 31
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1444
EP  - 1455
SN  - 03091708
AB  - Abstract: The National Airborne Field Experiment 2006 (NAFE’06) was conducted during a three week period of November 2006 in the Murrumbidgee River catchment, located in southeastern Australia. One objective of NAFE’06 was to explore the suitability of the area for SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) calibration/validation and develop downscaling and assimilation techniques for when SMOS does come on line. Airborne L-band brightness temperature was mapped at 1km resolution 11 times (every 1–3 days) over a 40 by 55km area in the Yanco region and 3 times over a 40 by 50km area that includes Kyeamba Creek catchment. Moreover, multi-resolution, multi-angle and multi-spectral airborne data including surface temperature, surface reflectance (green, read and near infrared), lidar data and aerial photos were acquired over selected areas to develop downscaling algorithms and test multi-angle and multi-spectral retrieval approaches. The near-surface soil moisture was measured extensively on the ground in eight sampling areas concurrently with aircraft flights, and the soil moisture profile was continuously monitored at 41 sites. Preliminary analyses indicate that (i) the uncertainty of a single ground measurement was typically less than 5% vol. (ii) the spatial variability of ground measurements at 1km resolution was up to 10% vol. and (iii) the validation of 1km resolution L-band data is facilitated by selecting pixels with a spatial soil moisture variability lower than the point-scale uncertainty. The sensitivity of passive microwave and thermal data is also compared at 1km resolution to illustrate the multi-spectral synergy for soil moisture monitoring at improved accuracy and resolution. The data described in this paper are available at www.nafe.unimelb.edu.au. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Water Resources is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Field work (Research)
KW  - Watersheds
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Murrumbidgee River (N.S.W.)
KW  - Australia
KW  - Airborne experiment
KW  - Assimilation
KW  - Calibration/validation
KW  - Downscaling
KW  - L-band radiometry
KW  - Multi-spectral
KW  - Synergy
N1  - Accession Number: 35074705; Merlin, Olivier 1; Email Address: omerlin@unimelb.edu.au; Walker, Jeffrey P. 1; Kalma, Jetse D. 2; Kim, Edward J. 3; Hacker, Jorg 4; Panciera, Rocco 1; Young, Rodger 1; Summerell, Gregory 5; Hornbuckle, John 6; Hafeez, Mohsin 7; Jackson, Thomas 8; Affiliations: 1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia; 2: School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Australia; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 4: Flinders University/Airborne, Research Australia, Australia; 5: Department of Environment and Climate Change, Australia; 6: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and Water, Australia; 7: International Centre of Water for Food Security, Australia; 8: United States Department of Agriculture, USA; Issue Info: Nov2008, Vol. 31 Issue 11, p1444; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Field work (Research); Thesaurus Term: Watersheds; Subject Term: Brightness temperature; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject: Murrumbidgee River (N.S.W.); Subject: Australia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne experiment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration/validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Downscaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: L-band radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-spectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synergy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.01.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Q.-L.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Joseph, E.
AU  - Wang, S.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Morris, V.
AU  - Chang, F.
T1  - Evidence of mineral dust altering cloud microphysics and precipitation.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 18893
EP  - 18910
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Multi-platform and multi-sensor observations are employed to investigate the impact of mineral dust on cloud microphysical and precipitation processes in mesoscale convective systems. It is clearly evident that for a given convection strength,small hydrometeors were more prevalent in the stratiform rain regions with dust than in those regions that were dust free. Evidence of abundant cloud ice particles in the dust sector, particularly at altitudes where heterogeneous nucleation process of mineral dust prevails, further supports the observed changes of precipitation. The consequences of the microphysical effects of the dust aerosols were to shift the precipitation size spectrum from heavy precipitation to light precipitation and ultimately suppressing precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Hydrometeorology
KW  - Particles (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 37791779; Min, Q.-L. 1; Email Address: min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; Li, R. 1; Lin, B. 2; Joseph, E. 3; Wang, S. 1; Hu, Y. 2; Morris, V. 3; Chang, F. 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, USA; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; 3: NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Howard University, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p18893; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Hydrometeorology; Subject Term: Particles (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milliken, R. E.
AU  - Swayze, G. A.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bishop, J. L.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Green, R. O.
AU  - Grotzinger, J. P.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Murchie, S. L.
AU  - Mustard, J. F.
AU  - Weitz, C.
T1  - Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 36
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 847
EP  - 850
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - High spatial and spectral resolution reflectance data acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument reveal the presence of H2O- and SiOH-bearing phases on the Martian surface. The spectra are most consistent with opaline silica and glass altered to various degrees, confirming predictions based on geochemical experiments and models that amorphous silica should be a common weathering product of the basaltic Martian crust. These materials are associated with hydrated Fe sulfates, including H3O-bearing jarosite, and are found in finely stratified deposits exposed on the floor of and on the plains surrounding the Valles Marineris canyon system. Stratigraphic relationships place the formation age of these deposits in the late Hesperian or possibly the Amazonian, implying that aqueous alteration continued to be an important and regionally extensive process on Mars during that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Silicon compounds
KW  - Oxides
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Sulfate minerals
KW  - Silica
KW  - Silicon
N1  - Accession Number: 34992934; Milliken, R. E. 1; Email Address: ralph.milliken@jpl.nasa.gov; Swayze, G. A. 2; Arvidson, R. E. 3; Bishop, J. L. 4; Clark, R. N. 2; Ehlmann, B. L. 5; Green, R. O. 1; Grotzinger, J. P. 6; Morris, R. V. 7; Murchie, S. L. 8; Mustard, J. F. 5; Weitz, C. 9; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA; 4: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; 6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 7: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA; 8: Applied Physics Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA; 9: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA; Issue Info: Nov2008, Vol. 36 Issue 11, p847; Thesaurus Term: Silicon compounds; Thesaurus Term: Oxides; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Sulfate minerals; Subject Term: Silica; Subject Term: Silicon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G24967A
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KUMAR, M. JAGADESH
AU  - REED, MARK A.
AU  - AMARATUNGA, GEHAN A. J.
AU  - COHEN, GUY M.
AU  - JANES, DAVID B.
AU  - LIEBER, CHARLES M.
AU  - MEYYAPPAN, M.
AU  - WERNERSSON, LARS-ERIK
AU  - WANG, KANG L.
AU  - CHAU, ROBERT S.
AU  - KAMINS, THEODORE I.
AU  - LUNDSTROM, MARK
AU  - BIN YU
AU  - CHONGWU ZHOU
T1  - Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Nanowire Transistors: Modeling, Device Design, and Technology.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2008/11//
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2813
EP  - 2819
SN  - 00189383
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including "Real Time, Label Free Detection of Biological Entities Using Nanowire Based Field Effect Transistors," and "Chemical Sensors and Electronic Noses Based on One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures."
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - DETECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 35406030; Source Information: Nov2008, Vol. 55 Issue 11, p2813; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Xuhui
AU  - Bin Yu
AU  - Ng, Garrick
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Sanghyun Ju
AU  - Janes, David B.
T1  - Germanium Antimonide Phase-Change Nanowires for Memory Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2008/11//
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3131
EP  - 3135
SN  - 00189383
AB  - GeSh nanowires (NWs) have been grown using a vapor-liquid-solid approach for the fabrication of electrically operated phase-change random access memory device. The NWs are 40-100 nm in diameter and have approximately 90% Sb for fast crystallization. Memory devices show an on/off resistance ratio of 104, reset programming current of 0.7 mA, and set programming current of 60 nA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - GERMANIUM
KW  - ANTIMONY
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - CHALCOGENIDES
KW  - FLASH memories (Computers)
N1  - Accession Number: 35406061; Source Information: Nov2008, Vol. 55 Issue 11, p3131; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: GERMANIUM; Subject Term: ANTIMONY; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: CHALCOGENIDES; Subject Term: FLASH memories (Computers); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponomarev, Artem L.
AU  - Costes, Sylvain V.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
T1  - Stochastic properties of radiation-induced DSB: DSB distributions in large scale chromatin loops, the HPRT gene and within the visible volumes of DNA repair foci.
JO  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
JF  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 84
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 916
EP  - 929
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 09553002
AB  - Purpose: We computed probabilities to have multiple double-strand breaks (DSB), which are produced in DNA on a regional scale, and not in close vicinity, in volumes matching the size of DNA damage foci, of a large chromatin loop, and in the physical volume of DNA containing the HPRT (human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) locus. Materials and methods: The model is based on a Monte Carlo description of DSB formation by heavy ions in the spatial context of the entire human genome contained within the cell nucleus, as well as at the gene sequence level. Results: We showed that a finite physical volume corresponding to a visible DNA repair focus, believed to be associated with one DSB, can contain multiple DSB due to heavy ion track structure and the DNA supercoiled topography. A corrective distribution was introduced, which was a conditional probability to have excess DSB in a focus volume, given that there was already one present. The corrective distribution was calculated for 19.5 MeV/amu N ions, 3.77 MeV/amu α-particles, 1000 MeV/amu Fe ions, and X-rays. The corrected initial DSB yield from the experimental data on DNA repair foci was calculated. The DSB yield based on the corrective function converts the focus yield into the DSB yield, which is comparable with the DSB yield based on the earlier PFGE experiments. The distribution of DSB within the physical limits of the HPRT gene was analyzed by a similar method as well. Conclusion: This corrective procedure shows the applicability of the model and empowers the researcher with a tool to better analyze focus statistics. The model enables researchers to analyze the DSB yield based on focus statistics in real experimental situations that lack one-to-one focus-to-DSB correspondance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Radiation Biology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOBIOLOGY
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - DNA
KW  - MODELING (Sculpture)
KW  - DNA repair
KW  - LESCH-Nyhan syndrome
KW  - DNA loops
KW  - DNA modeling
KW  - DNA repair foci
KW  - DSB
KW  - heavy ion
KW  - High-LET radiation
KW  - HPRT gene
N1  - Accession Number: 35275789; Ponomarev, Artem L. 1,2; Email Address: artem.l.ponomarev@nasa.gov; Costes, Sylvain V. 3; Cucinotta, Francis A. 2; Source Information: Nov2008, Vol. 84 Issue 11, p916; Subject: RADIOBIOLOGY; Subject: HEAVY ions; Subject: DNA; Subject: MODELING (Sculpture); Subject: DNA repair; Subject: LESCH-Nyhan syndrome; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA loops; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA repair foci; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSB; Author-Supplied Keyword: heavy ion; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-LET radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPRT gene; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09553000802499212
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baxley, Brian T.
AU  - Williams, Daniel
AU  - Consiglio, Maria
AU  - Adams, Cathy
AU  - Abbott, Terence
T1  - Small Aircraft Transportation System, Higher Volume Operations Concept and Research Summary.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1825
EP  - 1825
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The ability to conduct concurrent, multiple aircraft operations in poor weather at virtually any airport offers an opportunity to increase the rate of flight operations, an improvement in passenger convenience, and the potential to foster the growth of small airports. The small aircraft transportation system, higher volume operations concept will increase capacity at the 3400 nonradar, nontowered airports in the United States where operations are currently restricted to a "one-in, one-out" procedural separation during low visibility or ceilings. The concept's key feature is that pilots maintain their own separation from other aircraft using the air-to-air data link and onboard software within the self-controlled area, an area of flight operations established during poor visibility and low ceilings around an airport without Air Traffic Control services. While pilots self-separate within the self-controlled area, an airport management module located at the airport assigns arriving pilots their sequence based on aircraft performance, position, and Air Traffic Control intent. The higher volume operations concept uses distributed decision making and safe procedures designed to minimize pilot and controller workload and integrates with today's Air Traffic Control environment. This paper summarizes the higher volume operations concept, procedures, research, and results, as well as outlines areas in which future higher volume operations research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Management
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Dispatching
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Traffic control
KW  - OPERATIONS research
N1  - Accession Number: 35664828; Source Information: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1825; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Management; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Dispatching; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Traffic control; Subject Term: OPERATIONS research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
T1  - Calculated Viscous and Scale Effects on Transonic Aeroelasticty.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1863
EP  - 1863
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A viscous-inviscid interactive coupling method is used for the computation of unsteady transonic flows. A lag-entrainment integral boundary layer method is used with a transonic small-disturbance potential code to compute the transonic aeroelastic response for two wing flutter models. By varying the modeled length scale, viscous effects may be studied as the Reynolds number per reference chord length varies. Appropriate variation of modeled frequencies and generalized masses then allows comparison of responses for varying scales or Reynolds number. Two wing flutter models are studied: one a 4% thick swept wing and the other a transport aircraft wing. Calculations for both wings show limit cycle oscillation behavior at transonic speeds in the vicinity of minimum flutter speed indices with amplitudes which are affected by Reynolds number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - TRANSONIC planes -- Wings
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VISCOUS flow
N1  - Accession Number: 35664831; Source Information: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1863; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes -- Wings; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - An, Jungeun
AU  - Acar, Erdem
AU  - Haftka, Raphael T.
AU  - Kim, Nam H.
AU  - Ifju, Peter G.
AU  - Johnson, Theodore F.
T1  - Being Conservative with a Limited Number of Test Results.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1969
EP  - 1969
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In aircraft structural design, failure stresses are obtained from coupon tests and then used to predict failure under combined loads in structural elements. Structural element tests are next used to update the failure envelope for combined loads. It is a common practice to repeat the element tests and then select the lowest test result as a conservative estimate of the mean failure stress. This practice is equivalent to reducing the average test failure stress by a knockdown factor (one that is quite variable). Instead, we propose using the average test result with an explicit knockdown factor obtained from statistical distribution of the test data. We show reductions in the variability of the estimated mean failure stress as well as the likelihood of unconservative estimate. In addition, when the initial distribution or confidence interval of the mean failure stresses is available, we can further decrease the chance of unconservative estimate using Bayesian updating. We demonstrate the gains associated with Bayesian updating when the upper and lower bounds of errors in the analytical predictions are available. Examples with uniform and lognormal distributions of failure stresses compare the lowest-result approach with the two alternatives with the explicit knockdown factor. Both approaches significantly reduce the likelihood of unconservative estimates of the mean failure stress. The average approach reduced this likelihood by about a half and the Bayesian approach by up to an order of magnitude (from 12.5 to 1%). We also examine scenarios in which estimates of error and variability are substantially inaccurate. We show that, even then, the likelihood of unconservative estimates reduces significantly. Remarkably, an underestimate of variability also results in about a 2% higher average of the estimated mean failure stress. T [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - LOGNORMAL distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 35664841; Source Information: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1969; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: LOGNORMAL distribution; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paielli, Russell A.
T1  - Tactical Conflict Resolution Using Vertical Maneuvers in En Route Airspace.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2111
EP  - 2111
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An algorithm is presented for computing vertical resolution maneuvers to resolve imminent air traffic conflicts in which loss of separation could occur within two minutes. Several procedures are used, including rejection of altitude amendments that could cause a conflict, temporary altitudes, step altitudes, and critical-level-off confirmation. These methods are tested on archived data from 100 actual operational errors (loss of separation due to controller error), which tend to be more difficult to detect and resolve than routine conflicts that get resolved successfully. Successful resolution was achieved in simulation for 84 of them using vertical maneuvers only. Augmented altitude amendments are then added to the input files to simulate altitude amendments that should have been entered by the controller but were not, or to correct amendments to make them consistent with the pilot's understanding. The number of successful resolutions increased to 94 of the 100 cases. The reasons for the failures are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRCRAFT separation
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Collision avoidance
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents -- Prevention
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 35664855; Source Information: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p2111; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT separation; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Collision avoidance; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents -- Prevention; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald
T1  - Reinventing Project Management: The Diamond Approach to Successful Growth and Innovation by Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir.
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 25
IS  - 6
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 635
EP  - 637
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 07376782
AB  - A review is presented of the book "Reinventing Project Management: The Diamond Approach to Successful Growth & Innovation," by Aaron Shenhar and Dov Dvir.
KW  - PROJECT management
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - SHENHAR, Aaron
KW  - DVIR, Dov
KW  - REINVENTING Project Management: The Diamond Approach to Successful Growth & Innovation (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 34211416; Mulenburg, Gerald 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Retired); Issue Info: Nov2008, Vol. 25 Issue 6, p635; Thesaurus Term: PROJECT management; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: REINVENTING Project Management: The Diamond Approach to Successful Growth & Innovation (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541619 Other management consulting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; People: SHENHAR, Aaron; People: DVIR, Dov; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2008.00327_2.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weltz, Mark A.
AU  - Jolley, Leonard
AU  - Nearing, Mark
AU  - Stone, Jeff
AU  - Goodrich, Dave
AU  - Spaeth, Ken
AU  - Kiniry, Jim
AU  - Arnold, Jeff
AU  - Bubenheim, David
AU  - Hernandez, Mariano
AU  - Haiyan Wei
T1  - Assessing the benefits of grazing land conservation practices.
JO  - Journal of Soil & Water Conservation
JF  - Journal of Soil & Water Conservation
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 63
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 214A
EP  - 217A
SN  - 00224561
AB  - The article reports on the benefits of the Grazing Land conservation practices included in the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). CEAP which is initiated by United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Grazing Land assessment focuses on rangeland, pastureland, and grazed forestland. Its benefits include the development of site-specific risk assessment designed for rangelands. Other benefits are invasive species management through remote sensing and understanding the effect of natural hazards such as wildfire and drought. Furthermore, CEAP also plans to examine several grazing lands resource concerns including plant community status, water quality, soil quality, water conservation, and wildlife habitat.
KW  - Conservation projects (Natural resources)
KW  - Grazing
KW  - Rangelands
KW  - Range management
KW  - Conservation of natural resources
KW  - Water quality
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. Dept. of Agriculture
KW  - United States. Natural Resources Conservation Service
N1  - Accession Number: 35564859; Weltz, Mark A. 1; Jolley, Leonard 2; Nearing, Mark 3; Stone, Jeff 4; Goodrich, Dave 5; Spaeth, Ken 6; Kiniry, Jim 7; Arnold, Jeff 8; Bubenheim, David 9; Hernandez, Mariano 10; Haiyan Wei 11; Affiliations: 1: Rangeland hydrologist, USDA Agricuttural Research Service (ARS), Reno, Nevada; 2: Rangeland ecologist, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Beltsville, Maryland; 3: Agricultural engineer, USDA ARS, Tucson, Arizona; 4: Hydrologist, USDA ARS, Tucson, Arizona; 5: Hydraulic engineer, USDA ARS, Tucson, Arizona; 6: Hydrologist, USDA ARS, Boise, Idaho; 7: Rangeland hydrologist, USDA NRCS, Ft Worth, Texas; 8: Agronomist, USDA ARS, Temple, Texas; 9: Agricultural engineer, USDA ARS, Temple, Texas; 10: Plant physiologist, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California; 11: Hydrologists, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Issue Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 63 Issue 6, p214A; Thesaurus Term: Conservation projects (Natural resources); Thesaurus Term: Grazing; Thesaurus Term: Rangelands; Thesaurus Term: Range management; Thesaurus Term: Conservation of natural resources; Thesaurus Term: Water quality; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. Dept. of Agriculture ; Company/Entity: United States. Natural Resources Conservation Service; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2489/swc.63.63.214A
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yuekui Yang
AU  - Marshak, Alexander
AU  - Chiu, J. Christine
AU  - Wiscombe, Warren J.
AU  - Palm, Stephen P.
AU  - Davis, Anthony B.
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
AU  - Spinhirne, James D.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - Retrievals of Thick Cloud Optical Depth from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) by Calibration of Solar Background Signal.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 65
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3513
EP  - 3526
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Laser beams emitted from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), as well as other spaceborne laser instruments, can only penetrate clouds to a limit of a few optical depths. As a result, only optical depths of thinner clouds (< about 3 for GLAS) are retrieved from the reflected lidar signal. This paper presents a comprehensive study of possible retrievals of optical depth of thick clouds using solar background light and treating GLAS as a solar radiometer. To do so one must first calibrate the reflected solar radiation received by the photon-counting detectors of the GLAS 532-nm channel, the primary channel for atmospheric products. Solar background radiation is regarded as a noise to be subtracted in the retrieval process of the lidar products. However, once calibrated, it becomes a signal that can be used in studying the properties of optically thick clouds. In this paper, three calibration methods are presented: (i) calibration with coincident airborne and GLAS observations, (ii) calibration with coincident Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and GLAS observations of deep convective clouds, and (iii) calibration from first principles using optical depth of thin water clouds over ocean retrieved by GLAS active remote sensing. Results from the three methods agree well with each other. Cloud optical depth (COD) is retrieved from the calibrated solar background signal using a one-channel retrieval. Comparison with COD retrieved from GOES during GLAS overpasses shows that the average difference between the two retrievals is 24%. As an example, the COD values retrieved from GLAS solar background are illustrated for a marine stratocumulus cloud field that is too thick to be penetrated by the GLAS laser. Based on this study, optical depths for thick clouds will be provided as a supplementary product to the existing operational GLAS cloud products in future GLAS data releases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Laser beams
KW  - Altimeters
N1  - Accession Number: 35334014; Yuekui Yang 1; Email Address: yuekui@umbc.edu; Marshak, Alexander 2; Chiu, J. Christine 3; Wiscombe, Warren J. 2; Palm, Stephen P. 4; Davis, Anthony B. 5; Spangenberg, Douglas A. 4; Nguyen, Louis 6; Spinhirne, James D. 2; Minnis, Patrick 6; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 3: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland; 5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Nov2008, Vol. 65 Issue 11, p3513; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Laser beams; Subject Term: Altimeters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAS2744.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Trepte, Qing Z.
AU  - Szedung Sun-Mack
AU  - Yan Chen
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Young, David F.
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Brown, Ricky R.
AU  - Gibson, Sharon C.
AU  - Geier, Erika B.
T1  - Cloud Detection in Nonpolar Regions for CERES Using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/11/02/Nov2008 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 46
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3857
EP  - 3884
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Objective techniques have been developed to consistently identify cloudy pixels over nonpolar regions in multispectral imager data coincident with measurements taken by the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Terra, and Aqua satellites. The daytime method uses the 0.65-, 3.8-, 10.8-, and 12.0-μm channels on the TRMM Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the Terra and Aqua MODIS. The VIRS and Terra 1.6-μm channel and the Aqua 1.38- and 2.1-μm channels are used secondarily. The primary nighttime radiances are from the 3.8-, 10.8-, and 12.0-μm channels. Significant differences were found between the VIRS and Terra 1.6-μm and the Terra and Aqua 3.8-μm channels' calibrations. Cascading threshold tests provide clear or cloudy classifications that are qualified according to confidence levels or other conditions, such as sunglint, that affect the classification. The initial infrared threshold test classifies ∼43% of the pixels as clouds. The next level seeks consistency in three (two) different channels during daytime (nighttime) and accounts for roughly 40% (25%) of the pixels. The third tier uses refined thresholds to classify remaining pixels. For cloudy pixels, ∼4% yield no retrieval when analyzed with a cloud retrieval algorithm. The techniques were applied to data between 1998 and 2006 to yield average nonpolar cloud amounts of ∼0.60. Averages among the platforms differ by < 0.01 and are comparable to surface climatological values, but roughly 0.07 less than means from two other satellite analyses, primarily as a result of missing small subpixel and thin clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - CLOUDS -- Photographs from space
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - Cloud
KW  - cloud detection
KW  - cloud mask
KW  - Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS)
N1  - Accession Number: 35693694; Minnis, Patrick 1; Trepte, Qing Z. 2; Szedung Sun-Mack 2; Yan Chen 2; Doelling, David R. 1; Young, David F. 1; Spangenberg, Douglas A. 2; Miller, Walter F. 2; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Brown, Ricky R. 2; Gibson, Sharon C. 2; Geier, Erika B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 USA.; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666 USA.; Issue Info: Nov2008 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 46 Issue 11, p3857; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Photographs from space; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud mask; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - BAKER, D. JAMES
AU  - SCHAEFER, MARK
AU  - KENNEL, CHARLES F.
AU  - GIBBONS, JOHN H.
AU  - GROAT, CHARLES G.
AU  - KENNEDY, DONALD
AU  - REJESKI, DAVID
T1  - Environmental Agencies: Lessons Learned.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/11/07/
VL  - 322
IS  - 5903
M3  - Letter
SP  - 855
EP  - 856
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor in response to a previous letter about the creation of a federal research agency is presented.
KW  - Research
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 35580607; BAKER, D. JAMES 1; Email Address: djamesbaker@comcast.net; SCHAEFER, MARK 2; Email Address: markschaefer24@msn.com; KENNEL, CHARLES F. 3; Email Address: ckennel@ucsd.edu; GIBBONS, JOHN H. 4; Email Address: jackgibbons@hughes.net; GROAT, CHARLES G. 5; Email Address: cgroat@mail.utexas.edu; KENNEDY, DONALD 6; Email Address: kennedyd@stanford.edu; REJESKI, DAVID; Email Address: david.rejeski@wilsoncenter.org; Affiliations: 1: Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association; 2: Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Acting Director of the U.E. Geological Survey; 3: Associate Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Director of Mission to Planet Earth; 4: Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Science Adviser to the President; 5: Director, U.S. Geological Survey; 6: Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration; Issue Info: 11/7/2008, Vol. 322 Issue 5903, p855; Thesaurus Term: Research; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, J. E.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Mena-Carrasco, M.
AU  - Chai, T.
AU  - Tang, Y.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Collatz, G. J.
AU  - Baker, I.
AU  - Berry, J. A.
AU  - Montzka, S. A.
AU  - Sweeney, C.
AU  - Schnoor, J. L.
AU  - Stanier, C. O.
T1  - Photosynthetic Control of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide During the Growing Season.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/11/14/
VL  - 322
IS  - 5904
M3  - Article
SP  - 1085
EP  - 1088
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Climate models incorporate photosynthesis-climate feedbacks, yet we lack robust tools for large-scale assessments of these processes. Recent work suggests that carbonyl sulfide (COS), a trace gas consumed by plants, could provide a valuable constraint on photosynthesis. Here we analyze airborne observations of COS and carbon dioxide concentrations during the growing season over North America with a three-dimensional atmospheric transport model. We successfully modeled the persistent vertical drawdown of atmospheric COS using the quantitative relation between COS and photosynthesis that has been measured in plant chamber experiments. Furthermore, this drawdown is driven by plant uptake rather than other continental and oceanic fluxes in the model. These results provide quantitative evidence that COS gradients in the continental growing season may have broad use as a measurement-based photosynthesis tracer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Sulfides
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Air pollution monitoring
KW  - Carbonyl compounds
KW  - Photosynthesis
N1  - Accession Number: 35781366; Campbell, J. E. 1,2; Email Address: ecampbell3@ucmerced.edu; Carmichael, G. R. 3; Mena-Carrasco, M. 4,5; Chai, T. 6; Tang, Y. 3; Blake, D. R. 7; Blake, N. J. 7; Vay, S. A. 8; Collatz, G. J. 9; Baker, I. 10; Berry, J. A. 11; Montzka, S. A. 12; Sweeney, C. 13; Schnoor, J. L. 1; Stanier, C. O. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 2: College of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95344, USA; 3: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 4: Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; 5: Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 6: Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 7: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Ca, 92697, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 9: Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 10: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; 11: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 12: Global Monitoring Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 13: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80304, USA; Issue Info: 11/14/2008, Vol. 322 Issue 5904, p1085; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Sulfides; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Air pollution monitoring; Subject Term: Carbonyl compounds; Subject Term: Photosynthesis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J. C.
AU  - Lee, S.-H.
AU  - Reeves, J. M.
AU  - Brock, C. A.
AU  - Jonsson, H. H.
AU  - Lafleur, B. G.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Podolske, J.
AU  - Atlas, E.
AU  - Boering, K.
AU  - Toon, G.
AU  - Fahey, D.
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Moore, F.
T1  - Steady-state aerosol distributions in the extra-tropical, lower stratosphere and the processes that maintain them.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/11/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 6617
EP  - 6626
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Measurements of aerosol, N2O and OCS made in the Northern Hemisphere below 21 km altitude following the eruption of Pinatubo are presented and analyzed. After September 1999, the oxidation of OCS and sedimentation of particles in the extra-tropical overworld north of 45N are found to maintain the aerosol in a steady state. This analysis empirically links precursor gas to aerosol abundance throughout this region. These processes are tracked with age-of-air which offers advantages over tracking as a function of latitude and altitude. In the extra-tropical, lowermost stratosphere, normalized volume distributions appear constant in time after the fall of 1999. Exchange with the troposphere is important in understanding aerosol evolution there. Size distributions of volcanically perturbed aerosol are included to distinguish between volcanic and non-volcanic conditions. This analysis suggests that model failures to correctly predict OCS and aerosol properties below 20 km in the Northern Hemisphere extra tropics result from inadequate descriptions of atmospheric circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volcanic eruptions
KW  - Natural disasters
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Evaluation
KW  - Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines)
KW  - Philippines
N1  - Accession Number: 35689845; Wilson, J. C. 1; Email Address: jwilson@du.edu; Lee, S.-H. 2; Reeves, J. M. 1; Brock, C. A. 3; Jonsson, H. H. 4; Lafleur, B. G. 1; Loewenstein, M. 5; Podolske, J. 5; Atlas, E. 6; Boering, K. 7; Toon, G. 8; Fahey, D. 3; Bui, T. P. 5; Diskin, G. 9; Moore, F. 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80208-0177, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, Williams Hall, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44240, USA; 3: NOAA ESRL CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 4: CIRPAS/Naval Postgraduate School, Marina, CA 93933, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 6: University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA; 7: Department of Chemistry, Room 419 Latimer Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, Ca 91109, USA; 9: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, MS 483, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 10: NOAA ESRL GMD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 22, p6617; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic eruptions; Thesaurus Term: Natural disasters; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Evaluation; Subject: Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines); Subject: Philippines; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guan, H.
AU  - Chatfield, R. B.
AU  - Freitas, S. R.
AU  - Bergstrom, R. W.
AU  - Longo, K. M.
T1  - Modeling the effect of plume-rise on the transport of carbon monoxide over Africa with NCAR CAM.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/11/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 6801
EP  - 6812
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We investigated the effects of fire-induced plumerise on the simulation of carbon monoxide (CO) over Africa and its export during SAFARI 2000 using the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) with a CO tracer and a plume-rise parameterization scheme. The plume-rise parameterization scheme simulates the consequences of strong buoyancy of hot gases emitted from biomass burning, including both dry and cloud-associated (pyro-cumulus) lofting. The current implementation of the plume-rise parameterization scheme into the global model provides an opportunity to examine the effect of plume-rise on long-range transport. The CAM simulation with the plume-rise parameterization scheme seems to show a substantial improvement of the agreements between the modeled and aircraft-measured vertical distribution of CO over Southern Africa biomass-burning area. The plume-rise mechanism plays a crucial role in lofting biomass-burning pollutants to the middle troposphere. In the presence of deep convection we found that the plume-rise mechanism results in a decrease of CO concentration in the upper troposphere. The plume-rise depletes the boundary layer, and thus leaves lower concentrations of CO to be lofted by the deep convection process. The effect of the plume-rise on free troposphere CO concentration is more important for the source area (short-distance transport) than for remote areas (long-distance transport). A budget analysis of CO burden over Southern Africa reveals the plume-rise process to have a similar impact as the chemical production of CO by OH and CH4. In addition, the plume-rise process has an minor impact on the regional export. These results further confirm and extend previous findings in a regional model study. Effective lofting of large concentration of CO by the plume-rise mechanism also has implications for local air quality forecasting in areas affected by other fire-related pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Poisonous gases
KW  - Synthesis gas
KW  - Vertical distribution (Aquatic biology)
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 35689858; Guan, H. 1,2; Email Address: hong.guan-1@nasa.gov; Chatfield, R. B. 2; Freitas, S. R. 3; Bergstrom, R. W. 1; Longo, K. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 22, p6801; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Poisonous gases; Thesaurus Term: Synthesis gas; Thesaurus Term: Vertical distribution (Aquatic biology); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - Exoplanets---Seeing Is Believing.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/11/28/
VL  - 322
IS  - 5906
M3  - Article
SP  - 1335
EP  - 1337
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses the two main methodologies of discovering extrasolar planets, radial velocity surveys which detect the motion of a star induced by its orbiting partner and searches for planets that transit their primary stars. This latter methodology provides radii densities and atmospheric properties inferred partly from absorption of the star's light. Two studies provide images of the glow of faint planetary companions that are clearly orbiting stars. One presents images from the Hubble Space Telescope, while the other presents a series of infrared images.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Atmosphere -- Research
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Detection
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Radial velocity of stars
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Planetary orbits
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 36183040; Marley, Mark S. 1; Email Address: mark.s.marley@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 11/28/2008, Vol. 322 Issue 5906, p1335; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Detection; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Radial velocity of stars; Subject Term: Orbits; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Subject Term: Light absorption ; Company/Entity: Hubble Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Millet, D. B.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Custer, T. G.
AU  - de Gouw, J. A.
AU  - Goldstein, A. H.
AU  - Karl, T.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Sive, B. C.
AU  - Talbot, R. W.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Williams, J.
T1  - New constraints on terrestrial and oceanic sources of atmospheric methanol.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 6887
EP  - 6905
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret new aircraft, surface, and oceanic observations of methanol in terms of the constraints that they place on the atmospheric methanol budget. Recent measurements of methanol concentrations in the ocean mixed layer (OML) imply that in situ biological production must be the main methanol source in the OML, dominating over uptake from the atmosphere. It follows that oceanic emission and uptake must be viewed as independent terms in the atmospheric methanol budget. We deduce that the marine biosphere is a large primary source (85 Tg a-1) of methanol to the atmosphere and is also a large sink (101 Tg a-1), comparable in magnitude to atmospheric oxidation by OH (88 Tg a-1). The resulting atmospheric lifetime of methanol in the model is 4.7 days. Aircraft measurements in the North American boundary layer imply that terrestrial plants are a much weaker source than presently thought, likely reflecting an overestimate of broadleaf tree emissions, and this is also generally consistent with surface measurements. We deduce a terrestrial plant source of 80 Tg a-1, comparable in magnitude to the ocean source. The aircraft measurements show a strong correlation with CO (R²=0.51-0.61) over North America during summer. We reproduce this correlation and slope in the model with the reduced plant source, which also confirms that the anthropogenic source of methanol must be small. Our reduced plant source also provides a better simulation of methanol observations over tropical South America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Alternative fuels
KW  - Renewable energy sources
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Methanol as fuel -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 35875978; Millet, D. B. 1,2; Email Address: dbm@umn.edu; Jacob, D. J. 1; Custer, T. G. 3; de Gouw, J. A. 4; Goldstein, A. H. 5; Karl, T. 6; Singh, H. B. 7; Sive, B. C. 8; Talbot, R. W. 8; Warneke, C. 4; Williams, J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Harvard University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; 2: University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.; 3: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.; 4: NOAA ESRL, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 5: UC Berkeley, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Berkeley, California, USA.; 6: NCAR, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; 8: University of New Hampshire, Climate Change Research Center, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 23, p6887; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Alternative fuels; Thesaurus Term: Renewable energy sources; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Subject Term: Methanol as fuel -- Environmental aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carlson, Anders E.
AU  - Oppo, Delia W.
AU  - Came, Rosemarie E.
AU  - LeGrande, Allegra N.
AU  - Keigwin, Lloyd D.
AU  - Curry, William B.
T1  - Subtropical Atlantic salinity variability and Atlantic meridional circulation during the last deglaciation.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 36
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 991
EP  - 994
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - During the last deglaciation (ca. 21-10 ka), freshening of the North Atlantic surface likely caused reductions in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC); the mechanisms related to AMOC recovery remain poorly understood. Here we present three new deglacial surface temperature and δ18Oseawater (δ18Osw) reconstructions from the western subtropical North and South Atlantic. Similarities to tropical Caribbean and western Atlantic δ18Osw records suggest that a salty surface water mass accumulated in the western Atlantic from 27°S to 33°N during periods of reduced AMOC. However, δ18Osw decreases led deep AMOC resumption by hundreds of years. We suggest that the northward export of salt previously trapped in the western Atlantic resulted in the early establishment of a shallow overturning circulation that eventually culminated in deep AMOC resumption, implying that AMOC may constitute a self-limiting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meridional overturning circulation
KW  - Ocean circulation
KW  - Seawater
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Saline waters
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Differences
KW  - Salt
KW  - Atlantic Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 35434240; Carlson, Anders E. 1; Email Address: acarlson@geology.wisc.edu; Oppo, Delia W. 2; Came, Rosemarie E. 3; LeGrande, Allegra N. 4; Keigwin, Lloyd D. 2; Curry, William B. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.; 2: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.; 3: Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geoscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78713, USA.; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA.; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 36 Issue 12, p991; Thesaurus Term: Meridional overturning circulation; Thesaurus Term: Ocean circulation; Thesaurus Term: Seawater; Thesaurus Term: Salinity; Thesaurus Term: Saline waters; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Differences; Subject Term: Salt; Subject: Atlantic Ocean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G25080A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGuire, Patrick C.
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
AU  - Smith, Michael D.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Clancy, R. Todd
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Cull, Selby C.
AU  - Lichtenberg, Kim A.
AU  - Wiseman, Sandra M.
AU  - Green, Robert O.
AU  - Martin, Terry Z.
AU  - Milliken, Ralph E.
AU  - Cavender, Peter J.
AU  - Humm, David C.
AU  - Seelos, Frank P.
AU  - Seelos, Kim D.
AU  - Taylor, Howard W.
AU  - Ehlmann, Bethany L.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
T1  - MRO/CRISM Retrieval of Surface Lambert Albedos for Multispectral Mapping of Mars With DISORT-Based Radiative Transfer Modeling: Phase 1 - Using Historical Climatology for Temperatures, Aerosol Optical Depths, and Atmospheric Pressures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 46
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4020
EP  - 4040
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We discuss the DISORT-based radiative transfer pipeline ("CRISM-LambertAlb") for atmospheric and thermal correction of MRO/CRISM data acquired in multispectral mapping mode (∼200 m/pixel, 72 spectral channels). Currently, in this phase-one version of the system, we use aerosol optical depths, surface temperatures, and lower atmospheric temperatures, all from climatology derived from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) data and from surface altimetry derived from MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). The DISORT-based model takes the dust and ice aerosol optical depths (scaled to the CRISM wavelength range), the surface pressures (computed from MOLA altimetry, MGS-TES lower atmospheric thermometry, and Viking-based pressure climatology), the surface temperatures, the reconstructed instrumental photometric angles, and the measured I/F spectrum as inputs, and then a Lambertian albedo spectrum is computed as the output. The Lambertian albedo spectrum is valuable geologically because it allows the mineralogical composition to be estimated. Here, I/F is defined as the ratio of the radiance measured by CRISM to the solar irradiance at Mars divided by π; if there was no martian atmosphere, I/F divided by the cosine of the incidence angle would be equal to the Lambert albedo for a Lambertian surface. After discussing the capabilities and limitations of the pipeline software system, we demonstrate its application on several multispectral data cubes—particularly, the outer reaches of the northern ice cap of Mars, the Tyrrhena Terra area that is northeast of the Hellas basin, and an area near the landing site for the Phoenix mission in the northern plains. For the icy spectra near the northern polar cap, aerosols need to be included in order to properly correct for the CO2 absorption in the H2O ice bands at wavelengths near 2.0 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Atmospheric propagation
KW  - infrared spectroscopy
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - software verification and validation
N1  - Accession Number: 35937224; McGuire, Patrick C. 1; Wolff, Michael J. 2; Smith, Michael D. 3; Arvidson, Raymond E. 1; Murchie, Scott L. 4; Clancy, R. Todd 2; Roush, Ted L. 5; Cull, Selby C. 1; Lichtenberg, Kim A. 1; Wiseman, Sandra M. 1; Green, Robert O. 6; Martin, Terry Z. 6; Milliken, Ralph E. 6; Cavender, Peter J. 7; Humm, David C. 4; Seelos, Frank P. 4; Seelos, Kim D. 4; Taylor, Howard W. 4; Ehlmann, Bethany L. 8; Mustard, John F. 8; Affiliations: 1: McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA.; 2: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 4: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; 7: Comtech Mobile Datacom Corporation, Germantown, MD 20874 USA.; 8: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA.; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 46 Issue 12, p4020; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: software verification and validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrison, Carlos R.
AU  - Siebert, Mark W.
AU  - Ho, Eric J.
T1  - Electromagnetic Forces in a Hybrid Magnetic-Bearing Switched-Reluctance Motor.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
PY  - 2008/12//
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4626
EP  - 4638
SN  - 00189464
AB  - We have performed analysis and experimental measurement of the electromagnetic force loads on the hybrid rotor in a novel hybrid magnetic-bearing switched-reluctance motor (MBSRM). An MBSRM has the combined characteristics of a switched-reluctance motor and a magnetic bearing. The MBSRM discussed in this paper has an eight-pole stator and a six-pole hybrid rotor, which is composed of circular and scalloped lamination segments. The hybrid rotor is levitated with only one set of four stator poles, while a second set of four stator poles imparts torque to the scalloped portion of the rotor, which is driven in a traditional switched reluctance manner by a processor. We performed static torque and radial force analysis of rotor poles oriented to achieve maximum and minimum radial force loads on the rotor. The objective was to assess whether simple one-dimensional magnetic circuit analysis is sufficient for preliminary evaluation of this machine, which may exhibit strong three-dimensional electromagnetic field behavior. We employed two magnetic circuit geometries, approximating the complex topology of the magnetic fields in and around the hybrid rotor, in formulating the electro-magnetic radial force equations. The experimental and the theoretical radial force load predictions agreed reasonably well with typical magnetic bearing derating factors applied to the predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - MOTORS -- Design & construction
KW  - MAGNETIC bearings
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - MAGNETIC circuits
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 36332077; Source Information: Dec2008, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p4626; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: MOTORS -- Design & construction; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bearings; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002891
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bo Pan
AU  - Yuan Li
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - A Low-Loss Substrate-Independent Approach for 60-GHz Transceiver Front-End Integration Using Micromachining Technologies.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2008/12//Dec2008 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 56
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2779
EP  - 2788
SN  - 00189480
AB  - This paper presents a low-loss, substrate-independent approach to integrate transceiver front-ends for 60-GHz wireless applications. Dielectric loss is eliminated by using polymer and bulk silicon micromachining technologies to create a cavity-based duplexer and a horn antenna in the air, above the substrate. A coplanar waveguide input is used for easy integration of the low-noise amplifier and power amplifier of the receiver and transmitter, respectively, with the micromachined passive module. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and characterized, with the transmit band (TX) set between 58.7-59.5 GHz and the receive band (RX) as 60.6-61.4 GHz. The proposed method offers an easy integration of both planar components and 3-D integrated modules on top of the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMACHINING
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - POWER amplifiers
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - SILICON
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - 60-GHz
KW  - Cavity resonator filter
KW  - millimeter wave
KW  - on-wafer pattern measurement
KW  - silicon bulk micromachining
KW  - SU-8
KW  - surface micromachining
N1  - Accession Number: 36081627; Bo Pan 1; Email Address: bo.pan@realtek.com; Yuan Li 2; Email Address: yuanli@ece.gatech.edu; Ponchak, George E. 3; Email Address: george.ponchak@ieee.org; Tentzeris, Manos M. 2; Email Address: etentze@ece.gatech.edu; Papapolymerou, John 2; Email Address: papapol@ece.gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: Realtek Semiconductor, Irvine, CA 92602 USA; 2: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA; 3: theNASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, 01-144135 USA; Issue Info: Dec2008 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 56 Issue 12, p2779; Subject Term: MICROMACHINING; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: POWER amplifiers; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: 60-GHz; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cavity resonator filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: on-wafer pattern measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: silicon bulk micromachining; Author-Supplied Keyword: SU-8; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface micromachining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2008.2007358
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=36081627&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giannakopoulou, D.
AU  - Păs#x0103;reanu, C. S.
AU  - Blundell, C.
T1  - Assume-guarantee testing for software components.
JO  - IET Software
JF  - IET Software
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 547
EP  - 562
SN  - 17518806
AB  - Integration issues of component-based systems tend to be targeted at the later phases of the software development, mostly after components have been assembled to form an executable system. However, errors discovered at these phases are typically hard to localise and expensive to fix. To address this problem, the authors introduce assume-guarantee testing, a technique that establishes key properties of a component-based system before component assembly, when the cost of fixing errors is smaller. Assume-guarantee testing is based on the (automated) decomposition of system-level requirements into local component requirements at design time. The local requirements are in the form of assumptions and guarantees that each component makes on, or provides to the system, respectively. Checking requirements is performed during testing of individual components (i.e. unit testing) and it may uncover system-level violations prior to system testing. Furthermore, assume-guarantee testing may detect such violations with a higher probability than traditional testing. The authors also discuss an alternative technique, namely predictive testing, that uses the local component assumptions and guarantees to test assembled systems: given a non-violating system run, this technique can predict violations by alternative system runs without constructing those runs. The authors demonstrate the proposed approach and its benefits by means of two NASA case studies: a safety-critical protocol for autonomous rendez-vous and docking and the executive subsystem of the planetary rover controller K9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IET Software is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - COMPONENT software
KW  - PREDICTIVE tests
N1  - Accession Number: 35680618; Giannakopoulou, D. 1; Email Address: dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; Păs#x0103;reanu, C. S. 1; Blundell, C. 2; Affiliations: 1: CMU, NASA Ames Research Center, N269-230, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Comp. and Inf. Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 2 Issue 6, p547; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER systems; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER software development; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER science; Subject Term: COMPONENT software; Subject Term: PREDICTIVE tests; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 11 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/iet-sen:20080012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Mlynczak, Pamela E.
AU  - Rutan, David A.
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
T1  - Comparison of the Diurnal Cycle of Outgoing Longwave Radiation from a Climate Model with Results from ERBE.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 47
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3188
EP  - 3201
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - The diurnal cycle of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) computed by a climate model provides a powerful test of the numerical description of various physical processes. Diurnal cycles of OLR computed by version 3 of the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model (HadAM3) are compared with those observed by the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) for the boreal summer season (June–August). The ERBS observations cover the domain from 55°S to 55°N. To compare the observed and modeled diurnal cycles, the principal component (PC) analysis method is used over this domain. The analysis is performed separately for the land and ocean regions. For land over this domain, the diurnal cycle computed by the model has a root-mean-square (RMS) of 11.4 W m-2, as compared with 13.3 W m-2 for ERBS. PC-1 for ERBS observations and for the model are similar, but the ERBS result has a peak near 1230 LST and decreases very slightly during night, whereas the peak of the model result is an hour later and at night the OLR decreases by 7 W m-2 between 2000 and 0600 LST. Some of the difference between the ERBS and model results is due to the computation of convection too early in the afternoon by the model. PC-2 describes effects of morning/afternoon cloudiness on OLR, depending on the sign. Over ocean in the ERBS domain, the model RMS of the OLR diurnal cycle is 2.8 W m-2, as compared with 5.9 W m-2 for ERBS. Also, for the model, PC-1 accounts for 66% of the variance, while for ERBS, PC-1 accounts for only 16% of the variance. Thus, over ocean, the ERBS results show a greater variety of OLR diurnal cycles than the model does. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Terrestrial radiation
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Solar heating
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Diurnal variations in meteorology
KW  - Rossby waves
KW  - Geostationary satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 36092275; Smith, G. Louis 1; Email Address: george.l.smith@nasa.gov; Mlynczak, Pamela E. 2; Rutan, David A. 2; Wong, Takmeng 3; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 47 Issue 12, p3188; Thesaurus Term: Terrestrial radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Solar heating; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Subject Term: Diurnal variations in meteorology; Subject Term: Rossby waves; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAMC1924.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=36092275&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sang Joon Shin
AU  - Cesnik, Carlos E. S.
AU  - Wilkie, W. Keats
AU  - Wilbur, Matthew L.
T1  - Design and Manufacturing of a Model-scale Active Twist Rotor Prototype Blade.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 19
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1443
EP  - 1456
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - The design and manufacturing of an active twist rotor blade for vibration reduction in helicopters are presented. The rotor blade is integrally twisted by direct strain actuation through embedded piezoelectric fiber composite actuators distributed along the span of the blade. Highlights of the analysis formulation used to design this type of active blade are presented. The requirements for the prototype blade, along with the final design results are also presented. Detailed aspects of its manufacturing are described. Experimental structural characteristics of the prototype blade compare well with design goals, and bench actuation tests characterize its basic actuation performance. The design and manufacturing processes permit the realization of an active blade that satisfies a given set of design requirements. This is used to later develop a fully active rotor blade system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - COMPRESSORS -- Blades
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - active twist rotor
KW  - blade integral actuation
KW  - helicopter vibration control
KW  - piezoelectric composite actuator
N1  - Accession Number: 35787354; Sang Joon Shin 1; Email Address: ssjoon@snu.ac.kr; Cesnik, Carlos E. S. 2; Wilkie, W. Keats 3; Wilbur, Matthew L. 4; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Advanced Aerospace Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; 2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; 3: Mechanical Systems Division, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: Army Research Laboratory, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p1443; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: COMPRESSORS -- Blades; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: active twist rotor; Author-Supplied Keyword: blade integral actuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: helicopter vibration control; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric composite actuator; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X07088051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=35787354&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Xun
AU  - Yee, Jeng-Hwa
AU  - Talaat, E. R.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
T1  - Diagnostic Analysis of Tidal Winds and the Eliassen–Palm Flux Divergence in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from TIMED/SABER Temperatures.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 65
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3840
EP  - 3859
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - For migrating tides or fast-moving planetary waves, polarization relations derived from the linear wave equations are required to accurately derive the wind components from the temperature field. A common problem in diagnosing winds from the measured temperature is the error amplification associated with apparent singularities in the wave polarization relations. The authors have developed a spectral module that accurately derives tidal winds from the measured tidal temperature field and effectively eliminates the error amplification near the apparent singularities. The algorithm is used to perform a diagnostic analysis of tidal winds and the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux divergence in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) based on the zonal mean and tidal temperature fields derived from 6 yr of temperature measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The derived zonal mean wind and diurnal tidal amplitude reveal new insights into the mesospheric biennial oscillation (MBO) that exists in the MLT at both equatorial and midlatitude regions. The equatorial MBO in the zonal mean wind is present in the entire mesosphere from 50 to 90 km. The equatorial MBO in the temperature amplitude of the diurnal tide occurs near the mesopause region between 80 and 90 km and is largely coincident with the downward phase propagation of the equatorial MBO in the zonal mean wind, indicating a possible mechanism of wave–mean flow interaction between the two. On the other hand, the newly discovered midlatitude MBOs in zonal mean wind and the meridional wind in diurnal tide occur at different altitudes, suggesting possibly a remote forcing–response relationship. The acceleration or deceleration of the zonal mean wind due to EP flux divergence that is contributed by the migrating tides peaks at midlatitudes with a typical value of 10–20 m s-1 day-1 around 95 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean waves
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Rossby waves
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Oscillations
KW  - Temperature measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 35731982; Zhu, Xun 1; Email Address: xun.zhu@jhuapl.edu; Yee, Jeng-Hwa 1; Talaat, E. R. 1; Mlynczak, M. 2; Russell III, J. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 65 Issue 12, p3840; Thesaurus Term: Ocean waves; Thesaurus Term: Mesosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Radiation measurements; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Subject Term: Rossby waves; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Oscillations; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAS2801.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deming, Drake
T1  - Astrophysics: Quest for a habitable world.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/12/11/
VL  - 456
IS  - 7223
M3  - Article
SP  - 714
EP  - 715
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article discusses a technique which can identify water vapor signatures in a planet's atmosphere. Topics include a brief overview of the discovery of exoplanets, which are planets outside of Earth's solar system, research by scientists Grillmair and colleagues who used the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Spitzer Space Telescope, to detect water vapor on exoplanet HD 189733b, and how the biomarkers of other planets are used to determine its habitability.
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Biochemical markers
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Detection
KW  - Habitable planets
KW  - Solar system
N1  - Accession Number: 35642402; Deming, Drake 1; Affiliations: 1: Drake Deming is in the Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA. leo.d.deming@nasa.gov; Issue Info: 12/11/2008, Vol. 456 Issue 7223, p714; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Biochemical markers; Subject Term: Planetary atmospheres; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Detection; Subject Term: Habitable planets; Subject Term: Solar system; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/456714a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aydin, M.
AU  - Williams, M. B.
AU  - Tatum, C.
AU  - Saltzman, E. S.
T1  - Carbonyl sulfide in air extracted from a South Pole ice core: a 2000 year record.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 7533
EP  - 7542
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - In this study, we present carbonyl sulfide (COS) measurements from an ice core drilled near South Pole, East Antarctica (SPRESSO). The samples are from 135- 291 m, with estimated mean COS ages ranging from 278 to 2155 years before present (defined as 2000 C.E.). When combined with the previous records of COS from Antarctic ice cores and firn air, the current data provide a continuous record of COS extending beyond the last two millennia. The general agreement between ice cores, firn air, and modern air measurements supports the idea that polar ice is a valid archive for paleoatmospheric COS. The average COS mixing ratio of the SPRESSO data set is (331±18) ppt (parts per trillion in mol/mol, ±1σ, n=100), excluding 6 outliers. These data confirm earlier firn air and ice core measurements indicating that the late 20th century COS levels of 500 ppt are greatly increased over preindustrial levels and represent the highest atmospheric levels over the past 2000 years. The data also provide evidence of climate-related variability on centennial time-scales, with relative maxima at the peaks of Medieval Climate Anomaly and Little Ice Age. There is evidence for a long-term increasing trend in COS of 1.8 ppt per 100 years. Further ice core studies will be needed to determine whether this trend reflects secular variability in atmospheric COS, or a slow post-depositional chemical loss of COS in the ice core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Carbonyl compounds
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - South Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 35884467; Aydin, M. 1; Email Address: maydin@uci.edu; Williams, M. B. 2; Tatum, C. 3; Saltzman, E. S. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California, USA.; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; 3: University of Miami, Florida, USA.; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 24, p7533; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Carbonyl compounds; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject: Antarctica; Subject: South Pole; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guan, H.
AU  - Chatfield, R. B.
AU  - Freitas, S. R.
AU  - Bergstrom, R. W.
AU  - Longo, K. M.
T1  - Corrigendum to "Modeling the effect of plume-rise on the transport of carbon monoxide over Africa with NCAR CAM" published in Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 6801--6812, 2008.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 8
IS  - 24
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 7735
EP  - 7735
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - A correction to the article "Modeling the effect of plume-rise on the transport of carbon monoxide over Africa with NCAR CAM" in a previous issue of the journal.
KW  - Carbon monoxide
N1  - Accession Number: 35884481; Guan, H. 1,2; Email Address: hong.guan-1@nasa.gov; Chatfield, R. B. 2; Freitas, S. R. 3; Bergstrom, R. W. 1; Longo, K. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA.; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 3: Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies (CPTEC), INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil.; Issue Info: 2008, Vol. 8 Issue 24, p7735; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part V: Relationships between Physical Properties of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 21
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 6668
EP  - 6688
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Relationships between physical properties are studied for three types of marine boundary layer cloud objects identified with the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) footprint data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite between 30°S and 30°N. Each cloud object is a contiguous region of CERES footprints that have cloud-top heights below 3 km, and cloud fractions of 99%–100% (overcast type), 40%–99% (stratocumulus type), or 10%–40% (shallow cumulus type). These cloud fractions represent the fraction of ∼2 km × 2 km Visible/Infrared Scanner pixels that are cloudy within each ∼10 km × 10 km footprint. The cloud objects have effective diameters that are greater than 300 km for the overcast and stratocumulus types, and greater than 150 km for the shallow cumulus type. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient is calculated between many microphysical/optical [effective radius (re), cloud optical depth (τ), albedo, liquid water path, and shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SW CRF)] and macrophysical [outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), cloud fraction, cloud-top temperature, longwave cloud radiative forcing (LW CRF), and sea surface temperature (SST)] properties for each of the three cloud object types. When both physical properties are of the same category (microphysical/optical or macrophysical), the magnitude of the correlation tends to be higher than when they are from different categories. The magnitudes of the correlations also change with cloud object type, with the correlations for overcast and stratocumulus cloud objects tending to be higher than those for shallow cumulus cloud objects. Three pairs of physical properties are studied in detail, using a k-means cluster analysis: re and τ, OLR and SST, and LW CRF and SW CRF. The cluster analysis of re and τ reveals that for each of the cloud types, there is a cluster of cloud objects with negative slopes, a cluster with slopes near zero, and two clusters with positive slopes. The joint OLR and SST probability plots show that the OLR tends to decrease with SST in regions with boundary layer clouds for SSTs above approximately 298 K. When the cloud objects are split into “dry” and “moist” clusters based on the amount of precipitable water above 700 hPa, the associated OLRs increase with SST throughout the SST range for the dry clusters, but the OLRs are roughly constant with SST for the moist cluster. An analysis of the joint PDFs of LW CRF and SW CRF reveals that while the magnitudes of both LW and SW CRFs generally increase with cloud fraction, there is a cluster of overcast cloud objects that has low values of LW and SW CRF. These objects are generally located near the Sahara Desert, and may be contaminated with dust. Many of these overcast objects also appear in the re and τ cluster with negative slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Quantitative research
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Cluster analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Dust -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Sahara
N1  - Accession Number: 36003436; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1,2; Email Address: zachary.a.eitzen@nasa.gov; Xu, Kuan-Man 3; Wong, Takmeng 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: Corresponding author address: Dr. Zachary A. Eitzen, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 21 Issue 24, p6668; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Subject Term: Quantitative research; Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Cluster analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: Dust -- Environmental aspects; Subject: Sahara; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Schull, Mitchell A.
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Generating vegetation leaf area index Earth system data record from multiple sensors. Part 2: Implementation, analysis and validation
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4318
EP  - 4332
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The evaluation of a new global monthly leaf area index (LAI) data set for the period July 1981 to December 2006 derived from AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data is described. The physically based algorithm is detailed in the first of the two part series. Here, the implementation, production and evaluation of the data set are described. The data set is evaluated both by direct comparisons to ground data and indirectly through inter-comparisons with similar data sets. This indirect validation showed satisfactory agreement with existing LAI products, importantly MODIS, at a range of spatial scales, and significant correlations with key climate variables in areas where temperature and precipitation limit plant growth. The data set successfully reproduced well-documented spatio-temporal trends and inter-annual variations in vegetation activity in the northern latitudes and semi-arid tropics. Comparison with plot scale field measurements over homogeneous vegetation patches indicated a 7% underestimation when all major vegetation types are taken into account. The error in mean values obtained from distributions of AVHRR LAI and high-resolution field LAI maps for different biomes is within 0.5 LAI for six out of the ten selected sites. These validation exercises though limited by the amount of field data, and thus less than comprehensive, indicated satisfactory agreement between the LAI product and field measurements. Overall, the inter-comparison with short-term LAI data sets, evaluation of long term trends with known variations in climate variables, and validation with field measurements together build confidence in the utility of this new 26 year LAI record for long term vegetation monitoring and modeling studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - AVHRR LAI
KW  - Climate data
KW  - CYCLOPES
KW  - Data uncertainties
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Long term data record
KW  - MODIS LAI
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Recollision probability
KW  - Scaling
KW  - Single scattering albedo
KW  - Spectral invariants
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 34896406; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sganguly@bu.edu; Samanta, Arindam 1; Schull, Mitchell A. 1; Shabanov, Nikolay V. 2; Milesi, Cristina 3; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; 2: NOAA/NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd., Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA; 3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Mofett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 112 Issue 12, p4318; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Plant growth; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVHRR LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate data; Author-Supplied Keyword: CYCLOPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data uncertainties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long term data record; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recollision probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single scattering albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral invariants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Schull, Mitchell A.
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Generating vegetation leaf area index earth system data record from multiple sensors. Part 1: Theory
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4333
EP  - 4343
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The generation of multi-decade long Earth System Data Records (ESDRs) of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) from remote sensing measurements of multiple sensors is key to monitoring long-term changes in vegetation due to natural and anthropogenic influences. Challenges in developing such ESDRs include problems in remote sensing science (modeling of variability in global vegetation, scaling, atmospheric correction) and sensor hardware (differences in spatial resolution, spectral bands, calibration, and information content). In this paper, we develop a physically based approach for deriving LAI and FPAR products from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data that are of comparable quality to the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI and FPAR products, thus realizing the objective of producing a long (multi-decadal) time series of these products. The approach is based on the radiative transfer theory of canopy spectral invariants which facilitates parameterization of the canopy spectral bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF). The methodology permits decoupling of the structural and radiometric components and obeys the energy conservation law. The approach is applicable to any optical sensor, however, it requires selection of sensor-specific values of configurable parameters, namely, the single scattering albedo and data uncertainty. According to the theory of spectral invariants, the single scattering albedo is a function of the spatial scale, and thus, accounts for the variation in BRF with sensor spatial resolution. Likewise, the single scattering albedo accounts for the variation in spectral BRF with sensor bandwidths. The second adjustable parameter is data uncertainty, which accounts for varying information content of the remote sensing measurements, i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, low information content), vs. spectral BRF (higher information content). Implementation of this approach indicates good consistency in LAI values retrieved from NDVI (AVHRR-mode) and spectral BRF (MODIS-mode). Specific details of the implementation and evaluation of the derived products are detailed in the second part of this two-paper series. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Aerospace telemetry
KW  - Broadband communication systems
KW  - AVHRR
KW  - Data uncertainties
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Long-term data record
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Recollision probability
KW  - Scaling
KW  - Single scattering albedo
KW  - Spectral invariant
N1  - Accession Number: 34896407; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sganguly@bu.edu; Schull, Mitchell A. 1; Samanta, Arindam 1; Shabanov, Nikolay V. 2; Milesi, Cristina 3; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; 2: NOAA/NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd., Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA; 3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Mofett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Dec2008, Vol. 112 Issue 12, p4333; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Aerospace telemetry; Subject Term: Broadband communication systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVHRR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data uncertainties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-term data record; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recollision probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single scattering albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral invariant; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
T1  - Finding of unusual soil on Mars could stem from tools used.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/12/18/
VL  - 456
IS  - 7224
M3  - Letter
SP  - 870
EP  - 870
SN  - 00280836
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article “Phoenix fades away,” about soil on Mars in a 2008 issue.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 35775200; Fairén, Alberto G. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA afairen@arc.nasa.gov; Issue Info: 12/18/2008-12/25/2008, Vol. 456 Issue 7224, p870; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/456870c
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehlmann, Bethany L.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Poulet, Francois
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Brown, Adrian J.
AU  - Calvin, Wendy M.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Milliken, Ralph E.
AU  - Roach, Leah H.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Swayze, Gregg A.
AU  - Wray, James J.
T1  - Orbital Identification of Carbonate-Bearing Rocks on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/12/19/
VL  - 322
IS  - 5909
M3  - Article
SP  - 1828
EP  - 1832
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate-bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near-infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate is closely associated with both phyllosilicate-bearing and olivine-rich rock units and probably formed during the Noachian or early Hesperian era from the alteration of olivine by either hydrothermal fluids or near-surface water. The presence of carbonate as well as accompanying clays suggests that waters were neutral to alkaline at the time of its formation and that acidic weathering, proposed to be characteristic of Hesperian Mars, did not destroy these carbonates and thus did not dominate all aqueous environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Carbonate rocks
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - Carbonates
KW  - Geochemical modeling
KW  - Magnesium carbonate
KW  - Phyllosilicates
KW  - Olivine
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 36183138; Ehlmann, Bethany L. 1; Mustard, John F. 1; Murchie, Scott L. 2; Poulet, Francois 3; Bishop, Janice L. 4,5; Brown, Adrian J. 4,5; Calvin, Wendy M. 6; Clark, Roger N. 7; Des Marais, David J. 8; Milliken, Ralph E. 9; Roach, Leah H. 1; Roush, Ted L. 8; Swayze, Gregg A. 7; Wray, James J. 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 2: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 3: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris Sud 11., 91405 Orsay, France; 4: SETI Institute; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 6: Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, MS 172, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA; 7: U.S. Geological Survey, MS 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 10: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 610 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Issue Info: 12/19/2008, Vol. 322 Issue 5909, p1828; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Carbonate rocks; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: Carbonates; Subject Term: Geochemical modeling; Subject Term: Magnesium carbonate; Subject Term: Phyllosilicates; Subject Term: Olivine; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - Gen
ID  - 9999-21283-000
AN  - 9999-21283-000
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
T1  - Pilot Attitudes Towards Cockpit Systems Survey
JF  - PsycTESTS
JO  - PsycTESTS
Y1  - 2009///
AD  - Casner, Stephen M., National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, California, United States, 94035
AV  - Commercial: No; Permissions: May use for Research/Teaching; Fee: No. Test Items: Yes
N1  - Accession Number: 9999-21283-000. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Casner, Stephen M.; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States. Release Date: 20130610. Correction Date: 20151109. Instrument Type: Survey. Test Location: Table 6, Page 455. Test Format: This measure comprises 14 items, each rated on a 5-point scale with the following response options: 5 ('Strongly Agree'), 4 ('Agree'), 3 ('Neutral'), 2 ('Disagree'), 1 ('Strongly Disagree').. Language: English. Constructs: Attitudes toward Cockpit Systems; Pilot Attitudes; Classification: Human Factors and Environmental Engineering (6300). Population: Human (10). Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). 
AB  - Purpose: The Pilot Attitudes Toward Cockpit Systems Survey is designed to assess pilot attitudes regarding advanced cockpit systems and their usage preferences.
AB  - Description: The Pilot Attitudes Toward Cockpit Systems Survey (Casner, 2009) was developed in the context of research examining the effect of four types of advanced cockpit systems on pilot workload and error. The Pilot Attitudes Toward Cockpit Systems Survey comprises 14 items drawn from a lengthier survey used in Casner (2008). Each survey item asks pilots to respond to a short statement about advanced cockpit systems using a Likert-type scale: Strongly Agree, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Strongly Disagree. Responses are coded using the convention that 'Strongly Agree' equals 5 and 'Strongly Disagree' equals 1. The items are designed to tap pilots' attitudes regarding advanced cockpit systems (e.g., GPS, autopilot) and their usage preferences. No psychometric data regarding the development of this measure are reported in the test development article. (PsycTESTS Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved)
KW  - Human Factors & Ergonomics
KW  - Pilot Attitudes Towards Cockpit Systems Survey
KW  - Test Development
KW  - Pilot Attitudes
KW  - Transportation Safety
KW  - Aircraft Pilots
KW  - Cockpit Systems
U5  - Pilot Attitudes Towards Cockpit Systems Survey [Test Development]Perceived vs. measured effects of advanced cockpit systems on pilot workload and error: Are pilots' beliefs misaligned with reality?. (AN: 2009-02662-019 from PsycINFO) Casner, Stephen M.; May, 2009. Source: Applied Ergonomics. 40(3), Elsevier Science, Netherlands; May, 2009; Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Population: Human;  Keywords: Human Factors & Ergonomics; Pilot Attitudes Towards Cockpit Systems Survey; Test Development; Pilot Attitudes; Transportation Safety; Aircraft Pilots; Cockpit Systems; Subjects: Air Transportation; Aircraft Pilots; Attitude Measures; Aviation Safety; Employee Attitudes; Human Factors Engineering; Surveys; Test Construction;
DO  - 10.1037/t21283-000
L3  - Full; Full text; 999921283_full_001.pdf
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UR  - casner@gmail.com
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pst
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Ren, X.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Heikes, B.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Hall, S. R.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
T1  - Airborne measurement of OH reactivity during INTEX-B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 173
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The measurement of OH reactivity, the inverse of the OH lifetime, provides a powerful tool to investigate atmospheric photochemistry. A new airborne OH reactivity instrument was designed and deployed for the first time on the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the second phase of Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-B (INTEX-B) campaign, which was focused on the Asian pollution outflow over Pacific Ocean and was based in Hawaii and Alaska. The OH reactivity was measured by adding OH, generated by photolyzing water vapor with 185 nm UV light in a moveable wand, to the flow of ambient air in a flow tube and measuring the OH signal with laser induced fluorescence. As the wand was pulled back away from the OH detector, the OH signal decay was recorded; the slope of -Δ1ln(signal)/Δ time was the OH reactivity. The overall absolute uncertainty at the 2σ confidence levels is about 1 s-1 at low altitudes (for decay about 6 s-1), and 0.7 s-1 at high altitudes (for decay about 2 s-1). From the median vertical profile obtained in the second phase of INTEX-B, the measured OH reactivity (4.0±1.0 s-1) is higher than the OH reactivity calculated from assuming that OH was in steady state (3.3±0.8 s-1), and even higher than the OH reactivity that was calculated from the total measurements of all OH reactants (1.6±0.4 s-1). Model calculations show that the missing OH reactivity is consistent with the over-predicted OH and under-predicted HCHO in the boundary layer and lower troposphere. The over-predicted OH and under-predicted HCHO suggest that the missing OH sinks are most likely related to some highly reactive VOCs that have HCHO as an oxidation product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Air masses
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 36315164; Mao, J. 1; Email Address: mao@fas.harvard.edu; Ren, X. 1; Brune, W. H. 1; Olson, J. R. 2; Crawford, J. H. 2; Fried, A. 3; Huey, L. G. 4; Cohen, R. C. 5; Heikes, B. 6; Singh, H. B. 7; Blake, D. R. 8; Sachse, G. W. 2; Diskin, G. S. 2; Hall, S. R. 9; Shetter, R. E. 9; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 6: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 8: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 9: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p163; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Meteorology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Flocke, F.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
T1  - Chemistry and transport of pollution over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific: Spring 2006 INTEX-B Campaign overview and first results.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
EP  - 409
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-B (INTEX-B) was a major NASA1 led multi-partner atmospheric field campaign completed in the spring of 2006 (http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/intex-b/). Its major objectives aimed at (i) investigating the extent and persistence of the outflow of pollution from Mexico; (ii) understanding transport and evolution of Asian pollution and implications for air quality and climate across western North America; and (iii) validating space-borne observations of tropospheric composition. INTEX-B was performed in two phases. In its first phase (1-21 March), INTEX-B operated as part of the MILAGRO campaign with a focus on observations over Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico. In the second phase (17 April-15 May), the main INTEX-B focus was on the trans-Pacific Asian pollution transport. Multiple airborne platforms carrying state of the art chemistry and radiation payloads were flown in concert with satellites and ground stations during the two phases of INTEX-B. Validation of Aura satellite instruments (TES, OMI, MLS, HIRDLS) was a key objective within INTEX-B. Satellite products along with meteorological and 3-D chemical transport model forecasts were integrated into the flight planning process to allow targeted sampling of air parcels. Inter-comparisons were performed among and between aircraft payloads to quantify the accuracy of data and to create a unified data set. Pollution plumes were sampled over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific several days after downwind transport from source regions. Signatures of Asian pollution were routinely detected by INTEX-B aircraft, providing a comprehensive data set on gas and aerosol composition to test models and evaluate pathways of pollution transport and their impact on air quality and climate. This overview provides details about campaign implementation and a context within which the present and future INTEX-B/MILAGRO publications can be understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Air pollution standards
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Mexico, Gulf of
N1  - Accession Number: 40825267; Singh, H. B. 1; Email Address: hanwant.b.singh@nasa.gov; Brune, W. H. 2; Crawford, J. H. 3; Flocke, F. 4; Jacob, D. J. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Pennsylvania State University, PA 16902, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, USA; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 5: Harvard University, MA 02138, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p363; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution standards; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject: Mexico, Gulf of; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 47p; Illustrations: 12 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frey, M. M.
AU  - Hutterli, M. A.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Sjostedt, S. J.
AU  - Burkhart, J. F.
AU  - Friel, D. K.
AU  - Bales, R. C.
T1  - Contrasting atmospheric boundary layer chemistry of methylhydroperoxide (CH3OOH) and hydrogen peroxide (H202) above polar snow.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1235
EP  - 1272
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Atmospheric hydroperoxides (ROOH) were measured at Summit, Greenland (72.97° N, 38.77° W) in summer 2003 (SUM03) and spring 2004 (SUM04) and South Pole in December 2003 (SP03). The two dominant hydroperoxides were H2O2 and CH3OOH (from here on MHP) with average(±1σ) mixing ratios of 1448(±688) pptv, 204(±162) and 278(±67) for H2O2 and 578(±377) pptv, 139(±101) pptv and 138(±89) pptv for MHP, respectively. In early spring, MHP dominated the ROOH budget and showed night time maxima and daytime minima, out of phase with the diurnal cycle of H2O2, suggesting that the organic peroxide is controlled by photochemistry, while H2O2 is largely influenced by temperature driven exchange between the atmosphere and snow. Highly constrained photochemical box model runs yielded median ratios between modeled and observed MHP of 52%, 148% and 3% for SUM03, SUM04 and SP03, respectively. At Summit firn air measurements and model calculations suggest a daytime sink of MHP in the upper snow pack, which decreases in strength through the spring season into the summer. Up to 50% of the estimated sink rates of 1-5×1011 moleculesm-3 s-1 equivalent to 24-96 pptv h-1 can be explained by photolysis and reaction with the OH radical in firn air and in the quasi-liquid layer on snow grains. Rapid processing of MHP in surface snow is expected to contribute significantly to a photochemical snow pack source of formaldehyde (CH2O). Conversely, summer levels of MHP at South Pole are inconsistent with the prevailing high NO concentrations, and cannot be explained currently by known photochemical precursors or transport, thus suggesting a missing source. Simultaneous measurements of H2O2, MHP and CH2O allow to constrain the NO background today and potentially also in the past using ice cores, although it seems less likely that MHP is preserved in firn and ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Peroxides
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Ice cores
N1  - Accession Number: 40825290; Frey, M. M. 1,2; Email Address: maey@bas.ac.uk; Hutterli, M. A. 1; Chen, G. 3; Sjostedt, S. J. 4; Burkhart, J. F. 2,5; Friel, D. K. 6; Bales, R. C. 2; Affiliations: 1: British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge, UK; 2: School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 5: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Atmospheric and Climate Science, Kjeller, Norway; 6: Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p1235; Thesaurus Term: Peroxides; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Ice cores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 38p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lupu, A.
AU  - Kaminski, J. W.
AU  - Neary, L.
AU  - McConnell, J. C.
AU  - Toyota, K.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Nagahama, Y.
AU  - Suzuki, K.
T1  - Hydrogen cyanide in the upper troposphere: GEM-AQ simulation and comparison with ACE-FTS observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2165
EP  - 2194
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the upper troposphere through numerical simulations and comparison with observations from a space-based instrument. To perform the simulations, we used the Global Environmental Multiscale Air Quality model (GEM-AQ), which is based on the three-dimensional global multiscale model developed by the Meteorological Service of Canada for operational weather forecasting. The model was run for the period 2004-2006 on a 1.5°×1.5° global grid with 28 hybrid vertical levels from the surface up to 10 hPa. Objective analysis data from the Canadian Meteorological Centre were used to update the meteorological fields every 24 h. Fire emission fluxes of gas species were generated by using year-specific inventories of carbon emissions with 8-day temporal resolution from the Global Fire Emission Database (GFED) version 2. The model output is compared with HCN profiles measured by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS) instrument onboard the Canadian SCISAT-1 satellite. High values of up to a few ppbv are observed in the tropics in the Southern Hemisphere; the enhancement in HCN volume mixing ratios in the upper troposphere is most prominent in October. Low upper-tropospheric mixing ratios of less than 100 pptv are mostly recorded at middle and high latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere in May-July. Mixing ratios in Northern Hemisphere peak in the boreal summer. The amplitude of the seasonal variation is less pronounced than in the Southern Hemisphere. Our model results show that in the upper troposphere GEM-AQ performs well globally for all seasons, except at Northern high and middle latitudes in summer, where the model has a large negative bias, and in the tropics in winter and spring, where it exhibits large positive bias. This may reflect inaccurate emissions or possible inaccuracies in the emission profile. The model is able to explain most of the observed variability in the upper troposphere HCN field, including the interannual variations in the observed mixing ratio. The estimated average global emission equals 1.3 Tg N yr-1. The average atmospheric burden is 0.53 Tg N, and the corresponding lifetime is 4.9 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanides
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Geophysical prediction
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 40825316; Lupu, A. 1; Email Address: alexlupu@yorku.ca; Kaminski, J. W. 1; Neary, L. 1; McConnell, J. C. 1; Toyota, K. 1; Rinsland, C. P. 2; Bernath, P. F. 3,4; Walker, K. A. 4,5; Boone, C. D. 4; Nagahama, Y. 6; Suzuki, K. 7; Affiliations: 1: Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, UK; 4: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 5: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 6: Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan; 7: Faculty of Education and Human Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p2165; Thesaurus Term: Cyanides; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Geophysical prediction; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 30p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spencer, K. M.
AU  - McCabe, D. C.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Montzka, D. D.
AU  - Cantrell, C. A.
AU  - Anderson, R. S.
AU  - Mauldin III, R. L.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
T1  - Inferring ozone production in an urban atmosphere using measurements of peroxynitric acid.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2791
EP  - 2822
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Observations of peroxynitric acid (HO2NO2) obtained simultaneously with those of NO and NO2 provide a sensitive measure of the ozone photochemical production rate. We illustrate this technique for constraining the ozone production rate with observations obtained from the NCAR C-130 aircraft platform during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) intensive in Mexico during the spring of 2006. Sensitive and selective measurements of HO2NO2 were made in situ using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). Observations were compared to modeled HO2NO2 concentrations obtained from the NASA Langley highly-constrained photochemical time-dependent box model. The median observed-to-calculated ratio of HO2NO2 is 1.18. At NOx levels greater than 15 ppbv, the photochemical box model underpredicts observations with an observed-to-calculated ratio of HO2NO2 of 1.57. As a result, we find that at high NOx, the ozone production rate calculated using measured HO2NO2 is faster than predicted using accepted photochemistry. Inclusion of an additional HOx source from the reaction of excited state NO2 with H2O or reduction in the rate constant of the reaction of OH with NO2 improves the agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Chemical ionization mass spectrometry
KW  - Physical & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 40825332; Spencer, K. M. 1; Email Address: kspencer@caltech.edu; McCabe, D. C. 2,3; Crounse, J. D. 1; Olson, J. R. 4; Crawford, J. H. 4; Weinheimer, A. J. 5; Knapp, D. J. 5; Montzka, D. D. 5; Cantrell, C. A. 5; Anderson, R. S. 5; Mauldin III, R. L. 5; Wennberg, P. O. 2,6; Affiliations: 1: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 3: AAAS Science & Technology Policy Fellow, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p2791; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Chemical ionization mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Physical & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, C.
AU  - Klooster, S.
AU  - Huete, A.
AU  - Genovese, V.
AU  - Bustamante, M.
AU  - Ferreira, L. Guimaraes
AU  - de Oliveira Junior, R. Cosme
AU  - Zepp, R.
T1  - Terrestrial carbon sinks in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado region predicted from MODIS satellite data and ecosystem modeling.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 947
EP  - 969
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado re- gions over the period 2000-2004. Net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 in the region for these years was estimated. Consistently high carbon sink fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems on a yearly basis were found in the western portions of the states of Acre and Rondônia and the northern portions of the state of Pará. These areas were not significantly impacted by the 2002-2003 El Niño event 10 in terms of net annual carbon gains. Areas of the region that show periodically high carbon source fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere on yearly basis were found throughout the state of Maranhão and the southern portions of the state of Amazonas. As demonstrated though tower site comparisons, NEP modeled with monthly MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) inputs closely resembles the mea15 sured seasonal carbon fluxes at the LBA Tapajos tower site. Modeling results suggest that the capacity for use of MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) data to predict seasonal uptake rates of CO2 in Amazon forests and Cerrado woodlands is strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
N1  - Accession Number: 71701777; Potter, C. 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Klooster, S. 2; Huete, A. 3; Genovese, V. 2; Bustamante, M. 4; Ferreira, L. Guimaraes 5; de Oliveira Junior, R. Cosme 6; Zepp, R. 7; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; 3: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 4: Universidade de Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil; 5: Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil; 6: EMBRAPA Amazonia Oriental, Belém, Pará, Brazil; 7: US Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, GA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p947; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wesley, Wayne R.
AU  - Simpson, James R.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Pignatiello, Joseph R.
T1  - Analytical Characterization of the Information Matrix for Split-Plot Designs.
JO  - Communications in Statistics: Theory & Methods
JF  - Communications in Statistics: Theory & Methods
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 102
SN  - 03610926
AB  - This article provides the analytical characterization of the inverse of the information matrix for second-order SPD. A particular feature of these explicit expressions is that they are functions of the design parameters enabling the development of analytical functions to efficiently compute exact design optimality criteria. The application of these analytical expressions is demonstrated using the generalized variance of the parameter estimates for second-order SPD. An example illustrating the use of these expressions is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications in Statistics: Theory & Methods is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - OPTIMAL designs (Statistics)
KW  - Information matrix
KW  - randomization
KW  - Response surface designs
KW  - Restricted
KW  - Restricted randomization
KW  - Split-plot designs
KW  - Variance ratio
N1  - Accession Number: 34767530; Wesley, Wayne R. 1; Email Address: wwesley3@hotmail.com; Simpson, James R. 2; Parker, Peter A. 3; Pignatiello, Joseph R. 2; Affiliations: 1: School of Engineering, University of Technology, Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica; 2: Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; 3: Systems Engineering Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p90; Thesaurus Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: OPTIMAL designs (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Information matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: randomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response surface designs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restricted; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restricted randomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Split-plot designs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variance ratio; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 9 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/03610920802162797
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kempler, Steven
AU  - Lynnes, Christopher
AU  - Voilmer, Bruce
AU  - Alcott, Gary
AU  - Berrick, Stephen
T1  - Evolution of Information Management at the GSFC Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC): 2006-2007.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 28
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Increasingly sophisticated National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth science missions have driven their associated data and data management systems from providing simple point-to-point archiving and retrieval to performing user-responsive distributed multisensor information extraction. To fully maximize the use of remote-sensor-generated Earth science data, NASA recognized the need for data systems that provide data access and manipulation capabilities responsive to research brought forth by advancing scientific analysis and the need to maximize the use and usability of the data. The decision by NASA to purposely evolve the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) and other information management facilities was timely and appropriate. The GES DISC evolution was focused on replacing the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) by reusing the in-house developed disk-based Simple, Scalable, Script-based Science Product Archive (S4PA) data management system and migrating data to the disk archives. Transition was completed in December 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - INFORMATION resources
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Data management
KW  - Earth science data systems
KW  - information management (IM)
KW  - information technology
KW  - online archives
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37382787; Kempler, Steven 1; Email Address: Steven.J.Kempler@nasa.gov; Lynnes, Christopher 1; Voilmer, Bruce 1; Alcott, Gary 1; Berrick, Stephen 1; Affiliations: 1: The Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p21; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION resources management; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION technology; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION services; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION resources; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth science data systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: information management (IM); Author-Supplied Keyword: information technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: online archives; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lynnes, Christopher
AU  - Strub, Richard
AU  - Seiler, Edward
AU  - Joshi, Tilak
AU  - MacHarrie, Peter
T1  - Mirador: A Simple Fast Search Interface for Global Remote Sensing Data Sets.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 96
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A major challenge for remote sensing researchers is searching and acquiring relevant data files for their research projects based on content, space, and time constraints. Several structured query (SQ) and hierarchical navigation (HN) search interfaces have been developed to satisfy this requirement. However, the popularity of free-text (FT) search in the general domain led the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center to develop an FT search interface named Mirador that supports space-time queries, including a gazetteer and geophysical event gazetteer. In order to compensate for a slightly reduced search precision relative to SQ and HN methods, Mirador uses several search optimizations to return results quickly, enabling iterative search strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEARCH engines
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - DATABASE searching
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - WORLD Wide Web
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - Database searching
KW  - information retrieval
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - search methods
N1  - Accession Number: 37382794; Lynnes, Christopher 1; Email Address: Chris.Lynnes@nasa.gov; Strub, Richard 1; Seiler, Edward 1; Joshi, Tilak 1; MacHarrie, Peter 2; Email Address: PeterMacHarrie@noaa.gov; Affiliations: 1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 2: The Perot Systems, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p92; Thesaurus Term: SEARCH engines; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION services; Thesaurus Term: DATABASE searching; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Thesaurus Term: WORLD Wide Web; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Database searching; Author-Supplied Keyword: information retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: search methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berrick, Stephen W.
AU  - Leptoukh, Gregory
AU  - Farley, John D.
AU  - Rui, Hualan
T1  - Giovanni: A Web Service Workflow-Based Data Visualization and Analysis System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 113
SN  - 01962892
AB  - NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center has developed the Goddard Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure or "Giovanni," an asynchronous Web-service-based workflow management system for Earth science data. Giovanni has been providing an intuitive and responsive interface for visualizing, analyzing, and intercomparing multisensor data using only a Web browser to scientists and other users. Giovanni supports many types of single-and multiparameter visualizations and statistical analyses. The interface also provides users with capabilities for downloading images and data in multiple formats. Giovanni supports open and standard data protocols and formats. Finally, Giovanni provides users with a data lineage that describes, in detail, the algorithms used in processing the data including caveats and other scientifically pertinent information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEB services
KW  - WORKFLOW software
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - INFORMATION visualization
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - DATA flow computing
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - data flow computing
KW  - data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 37382796; Berrick, Stephen W. 1; Email Address: Stephen.W.Berrick@nasa.gov; Leptoukh, Gregory 1; Email Address: Gregory.G.Leptoukh@nasa.gov; Farley, John D. 2; Email Address: johnfarley@ssaihq.com; Rui, Hualan 3; Email Address: Hualan.Rui-1@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 2: SSAI, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; 3: ADNET Systems, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p106; Thesaurus Term: WEB services; Thesaurus Term: WORKFLOW software; Thesaurus Term: DATA analysis; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: INFORMATION visualization; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: DATA flow computing; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: data flow computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: data processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halem, Milton
AU  - Most, Neal
AU  - Tilmes, Curt A.
AU  - Stewart, Kevin
AU  - Yesha, Yelena
AU  - Chapman, David
AU  - Phuong Nguyen
T1  - Service-Oriented Atmospheric Radiance s (SOAR): Gridding and Analysis Services for Multisensor Aqua IR Radiance Data for Climate Studies.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 114
EP  - 122
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Aqua spacecraft, launched on May 4, 2002, carries two well-calibrated independent infrared (IR) grating spectrometers Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), which have been continuously returning upwelling IR spectral radiance measurements for over five years. Based on an Aqua Sr. Project Review, estimates of available flight fuel, power, and orbital projections assess the life span of the Aqua satellite, and these two instruments, to be reliable to 2013. Since launch, these instruments have generated petabytes of data, which are managed and made available by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Earth Science Data and Information Services Center and GSFC MODAPS. Agencies such as NOAA, DOD, EPA, and USGS use the AIRS data mostly for weather-related applications, whereas MODIS data are used, in addition to some climate-related studies, for studies of weather, oceans, and land processes, aerosols, natural and man-made disasters, and earth ecology. The Science Investigator-led Processing Systems (SIPS) teams have made many of the desired products derived from these data sets available either as level 2 products and/or level 3 gridded product fields. However, no gridded level 3 data products of radiances, either averaged for a grid element, max, min, or as brightness temperatures (BTs), are provided directly by the SIPS. Thus, one impediment that the general community faces in accessing these MODIS produced petabytes of data is storing such large data sets, interpreting the multiformatted data, and transforming it into helpful data sets for climate-research needs. The Service-Oriented Atmospheric Radiance (SOAR) system has been designed to bridge these gaps and overcome the challenges of bringing this rich data source to the science community, by delivering applications that process these valuable radiance data into standard spatial-temporal grids as well as user-defined criteria on demand. SOAR can serve this community with aggregated, enriched, and thinned gridded data sets provided with access to the data on demand, with query and subsetting capabilities across many dimensions. In addition, SOAR provides online user-specified visualization and analysis requests, all accessible via a Web browser. The utility of SOAR is exposed via Web-service routines, using the Simple Object Access Protocol. The Web-service library and supporting technologies (Axis, PostgreSQL, and Tomcat) reside on a University of Maryland Baltimore Campus client server, which interfaces to and invokes algorithms on the process server, a high-performance computer cluster and storage system. These servers are connected to the sensor data stores at the GSFC via a high-speed fiber-optic network connection [10 Gb/s], providing reliable and fast on-demand access to a vast online library of AIRS and current monthly MODIS source data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - FIBER optics
KW  - DIGITAL libraries
KW  - SERVICE-oriented architecture (Computer science)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SIMPLE Object Access Protocol (Computer network protocol)
KW  - BROWSERS (Computer programs)
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Data conversion
KW  - on-demand data processing
KW  - service-oriented computing
KW  - Web services
N1  - Accession Number: 37382797; Halem, Milton 1; Most, Neal 1; Email Address: nmost@innovim.com; Tilmes, Curt A. 2; Email Address: curt.tilmes@nasa.gov; Stewart, Kevin 1; Email Address: kstewart@innovim.com; Yesha, Yelena 3; Email Address: yeyesha@umbc.edu; Chapman, David 4; Email Address: dchapm2@umbc.edu; Phuong Nguyen 4; Email Address: phuong3@umbc.edu; Affiliations: 1: Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.; 2: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 3: The Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.; 4: The University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p114; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION services; Thesaurus Term: FIBER optics; Thesaurus Term: DIGITAL libraries; Subject Term: SERVICE-oriented architecture (Computer science); Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SIMPLE Object Access Protocol (Computer network protocol); Subject Term: BROWSERS (Computer programs); Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Data conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: on-demand data processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: service-oriented computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Web services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519120 Libraries and Archives; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511210 Software Publishers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duerr, Ruth E.
AU  - Cao, Peter
AU  - Crider, Jonathan
AU  - Folk, Mike
AU  - Lynnes, Christopher
AU  - Mu Qun Yang
T1  - Ensuring Long-Term Access to Remotely Sensed Data With Layout Maps.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 129
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) has been a data format standard in National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA)'s Earth Observing System Data and Information System since the 1990s. Its rich structure, platform independence, full-featured application programming interface (API), and internal compression make it very useful for archiving science data and utilizing them with a rich set of software tools. However, a key drawback for long-term archiving is the complex internal byte layout of HDF files, requiring one to use the API to access HDF data. This makes the long-term readability of HDF data for a given version dependent on long-term allocation of resources to support that version. Much of the data from NASA's Earth Observing System have been archived in HDF Version 4 (HDF4) format. To address the long-term archival issues for these data, a collaborative study between The HDF Group and NASA's Earth Science Data Centers (ESDC5) is underway. One of the first activities was an assessment of the range of HDF4-formatted data held by NASA to determine the capabilities inherent in the HDF format that were used in practice and for use in estimating the effort for full implementation across NASA's ESDCs. Based on the results of this assessment, methods for producing a map of the layout of the HDF4 files held by NASA were prototyped using a markup-language-based HDF tool. The resulting maps allow a separate program to read the file without recourse to the HDF API. To verify this, two independent tools based solely on the map files were developed and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - DATA structures (Computer science)
KW  - INFORMATION resources
KW  - RESOURCE allocation
KW  - DATA libraries
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DATA converters & converting
KW  - DIGITAL preservation
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Archiving
KW  - data conversion
KW  - data management
KW  - data structures
KW  - preservation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37382798; Duerr, Ruth E. 1; Email Address: rduerr@nsidc.org; Cao, Peter 2; Email Address: xcao@hdfgroup.org; Crider, Jonathan 3; Email Address: jonathan.crider@nsidc.org; Folk, Mike 2; Email Address: mfolk@hdfgroup.org; Lynnes, Christopher 4; Email Address: Chris.Lynnes@nasa.gov; Mu Qun Yang 2; Email Address: ymuqun@hdfgroup.org; Affiliations: 1: The National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; 2: The HDF Group, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.; 3: The University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; 4: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p123; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION resources management; Thesaurus Term: DATA structures (Computer science); Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION resources; Thesaurus Term: RESOURCE allocation; Thesaurus Term: DATA libraries; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DATA converters & converting; Subject Term: DIGITAL preservation; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Archiving; Author-Supplied Keyword: data conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: data management; Author-Supplied Keyword: data structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: preservation ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519120 Libraries and Archives; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David H.
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
T1  - Trembling Hand Perfection for Mixed Quantal/Best Response Equilibria
JO  - International Journal of Game Theory
JF  - International Journal of Game Theory
Y1  - 2009///
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
SP  - 539
EP  - 551
SN  - 00207276
N1  - Accession Number: 1086034; Keywords: Equilibria;  Equilibrium; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201002
N2  - The quantal response equilibrium (QRE) is a powerful alternative to full rationality equilibrium concepts. At a QRE, all joint moves have non-zero probability. However in "mixed scenarios", where some players use quantal response and some use best response, equilibrium strategy profiles can have joint moves with zero probability. This raises the question of applying the trembling hand refinement to such mixed scenarios. To address this I first show how to reformulate the QRE as a "best response" equilibrium where expected utilities are replaced by more general objective functions. I then show that under this reformulation the two popular types of trembling hand perfection can differ when some players use quantal response and some use best response. I end by showing that one of those types of trembling hand perfection cannot be used to remove certain troubling kinds of equilibrium in such mixed scenarios, while the other type can. The conclusion is that only the one type of trembling hand perfection should be applied when we allow some players to be quantal response and some to be best response.
KW  - Existence and Stability Conditions of Equilibrium          C62
KW  - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General          C70
L3  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/182
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1086034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00182-009-0169-2
UR  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/182
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hill, Geoffrey A.
AU  - Kandil, Osama A.
AU  - Hahn, Andrew S.
T1  - Aerodynamic Investigations of an Advanced Over-the-Wing Nacelle Transport Aircraft Configuration.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
Y1  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
EP  - 25
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The transonic aerodynamics of an advanced, over-the-wing nacelle, subsonic transport configuration are assessed using both Euler and Navier—Stokes computational fluid dynamics and results are compared to a similar configuration with an under-the-wing nacelle installation and a similar wing—body configuration. The over-the-wing nacelle configuration is designed with a novel inboard wing channel section between the nacelle and the fuselage that produces favorable aerodynamic interference and reduces the overall drag. Qualitative observations and quantitative drag computations are performed for the three configurations at a cruise Mach number of 0.78. It was found that, at the cruise point, the inboard wing channel section of the over-the-wing nacelle configuration effectively produces a favorable pressure distribution but that the overall drag, compared to the under-the-wing nacelle configuration, is higher, This excess drag, however, was found to be largely localized in the nacelle interior. Euler and Navier—Stokes computational fluid dynamics solutions were obtained for additional Mach numbers to assess the transonic drag—rise characteristics. The computational fluid dynamics solutions showed that the over-the-wing nacelle configuration has higher drag at lower Mach numbers than the under-the-wing nacelle configuration but experiences a milder overall drag rise and has lower drag at higher Mach numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - EULER characteristic
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Nacelles
KW  - MACH number
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 36673354; Source Information: Jan/Feb2009, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Nacelles; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
T1  - National Transonic Facility Model and Tunnel Vibrations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
Y1  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 46
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Since coming online in 1984, the National Transonic Facility cryogenic wind tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center has provided unique high Reynolds number testing capability. Although turbulence levels in the tunnel, expressed in terms of percent of dynamic pressure, are typical of other transonic wind tunnels, the significantly increased load levels used to achieve flight Reynolds numbers, in conjunction with the unique structural design requirements for cryogenic operation, have brought forward the issue of model and model support-structure vibrations. This paper reports computational results and experimental measurements documenting aerodynamic and structural dynamics processes involved in such vibrations experienced in the National Transonic Facility. In particular, evidence of local unsteady airloads developed about the model support strut is shown and related to well-documented acoustic features known as Parker modes. Two-dimensional unsteady viscous computations illustrate this model support-structure loading mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - AIRFRAMES
N1  - Accession Number: 36673356; Source Information: Jan/Feb2009, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p46; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Czabaj, Michael W.
AU  - Zehnder, Alan T.
AU  - Chuang, Kathy C.
T1  - Blistering of Moisture Saturated Graphite/Polyimide Composites Due to Rapid Heating.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 174
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Polyimide matrices extend the role of composite materials to applications in extreme temperature environments. However, composites can be susceptible to damage under extreme hygrothermal environments such as rapid heating of moisture saturated materials. Here, rapid is defined as reaching high temperature in less than the drying time at that temperature. A new method to predict initiation of steam-pressure induced damage for rapidly heated neat resin and graphite/polyimide composites is proposed. This method entails comparing the calculated, available steam pressure within the laminate to an experimentally determined critical pressure-temperature envelope. Through experiments performed in a thermal mechanical analyzer it is shown that the onset of steam-induced damage can be detected by measuring the expansion of moisture-saturated specimens subjected to a rapid temperature ramp. Optical microscopy of damaged samples shows that the process of initiation and evolution of damage in neat resin and laminates begins with void growth and coalescence in the polyimide resin matrix. Data from tests performed over a range of heating rates and initial moisture saturations are used to develop a critical pressure-temperature envelope. With this envelope we show the dependence of damage on initial moisture content and heating rate and propose an application of this envelope to failure prediction and design of laminated structures subjected to rapid heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EFFECT of environment on composite materials
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - blistering
KW  - hygrothermal performance
KW  - polyimide
KW  - steam pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 36006710; Czabaj, Michael W. 1; Email Address: mwc35@cornell.edu; Zehnder, Alan T. 1; Chuang, Kathy C. 2; Source Information: Jan2009, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p153; Subject: EFFECT of environment on composite materials; Subject: RAIN & rainfall; Subject: HUMIDITY; Subject: HIGH temperatures; Subject: COLD (Temperature); Subject: MATRICES; Subject: POLYMERS; Subject: MICROSCOPY; Subject: CONDENSATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: blistering; Author-Supplied Keyword: hygrothermal performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: steam pressure; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998308099323
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Kala, Geeta
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Body Iron Stores and Oxidative Damage in Humans Increased during and after a 10- to 12-Day Undersea Dive.
JO  - Journal of Nutrition
JF  - Journal of Nutrition
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 139
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 95
SN  - 00223166
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) underwater habitat is a useful analogue for spaceflight. However, the increased air pressure in the habitat exposes crewmembers to higher oxygen pressures, which increases their risk for oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Studies from a previous NEEMO mission suggested that DNA oxidation occurs at an increased level, similar to that in smokers and astronauts returning from space. Astronauts in space and NEEMO crewmembers also have similar changes in iron metabolism. Newly formed RBC are destroyed and body iron stores are elevated. Because excess iron can act as an oxidant and cause tissue damage, we investigated aspects of oxidative damage and tested whether toxic forms of iron were present when iron stores increased during NEEMO missions. Subjects (n = 12) participated in 10-to 1 2-d saturation dives, and blood and 24-h urine samples were collected twice before, twice during, and twice after the dive. During the dive, ferritin was higher (P < 0.001), transferrin was lower (P < 0.001), and transferrin receptors were lower (P < 0.01). Serum iron was higher during and immediately after the dive (P < 0.001). Total homocysteine (P < 0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.05) activity were affected by time; homocysteine increased during the dive and SOD decreased during and after the dive. Labile plasma iron was measurable only during the dive. These data indicate that the NEEMO environment increases body iron stores and labile forms of iron, which may contribute to oxidative damage. J. Nutr. 139: 90-95, 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - Underwater exploration
KW  - Space flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - Aeronautics -- Physiological aspects
KW  - Physiological oxidation
KW  - Iron in the body
KW  - Iron metabolism disorders
KW  - Homocysteine -- Diagnosis
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35979646; Zwart, Sara R. 1; Email Address: sara.zwart-1@nasa.gov; Kala, Geeta 2; Smith, Scott M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058; 2: Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc., Houston, TX 77058; 3: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 139 Issue 1, p90; Thesaurus Term: DNA damage; Thesaurus Term: Underwater exploration; Subject Term: Space flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: Aeronautics -- Physiological aspects; Subject Term: Physiological oxidation; Subject Term: Iron in the body; Subject Term: Iron metabolism disorders; Subject Term: Homocysteine -- Diagnosis ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3945/jn.108.097592
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105620252
T1  - Body iron stores and oxidative damage in humans increased during and after a 10- to 12-day undersea dive.
AU  - Zwart SR
AU  - Kala G
AU  - Smith SM
Y1  - 2009/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 105620252. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090227. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Nutrition. NLM UID: 0404243. 
KW  - Diving -- Physiology
KW  - Iron -- Metabolism
KW  - Oxidative Stress -- Drug Effects
KW  - Oxygen -- Pharmacodynamics
KW  - Adult
KW  - Confined Spaces
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Weight Loss
SP  - 90
EP  - 95
JO  - Journal of Nutrition
JF  - Journal of Nutrition
JA  - J NUTR
VL  - 139
IS  - 1
CY  - Bethesda, Maryland
PB  - American Society for Nutrition
SN  - 0022-3166
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA. sara.zwart-1@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 19056648.
DO  - 10.3945/jn.108.097592
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
T1  - Evaluation of Cloud Physical Properties of ECMWF Analysis and Re-Analysis (ERA) against CERES Tropical Deep Convective Cloud Object Observations.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 137
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 207
EP  - 223
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - This study presents an approach that converts the vertical profiles of grid-averaged cloud properties from large-scale models to probability density functions (pdfs) of subgrid-cell cloud physical properties measured at satellite footprints. Cloud physical and radiative properties, rather than just cloud and precipitation occurrences, of assimilated cloud systems by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis (EOA) and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) are validated against those obtained from Earth Observing System satellite cloud object data for the January–August 1998 and March 2000 periods. These properties include the ice water path (IWP), cloud-top height and temperature, cloud optical depth, and solar and infrared radiative fluxes. Each cloud object, a contiguous region with similar cloud physical properties, is temporally and spatially matched with EOA and ERA-40 data. Results indicate that most pdfs of EOA and ERA-40 cloud physical and radiative properties agree with those of satellite observations of the tropical deep convective cloud object type for the January–August 1998 period. There are, however, significant discrepancies in selected ranges of the cloud property pdfs such as the upper range of EOA cloud-top height. A major discrepancy is that the dependence of the pdfs on the cloud object size for both EOA and ERA-40 is not as strong as in the observations. Modifications to the cloud parameterization in ECMWF that occurred in October 1999 eliminate the clouds near the tropopause but shift power of the pdf to lower cloud-top heights and greatly reduce the ranges of IWP and cloud optical depth pdfs. These features persist in ERA-40 due to the use of the same cloud parameterizations. The less sophisticated data assimilation technique and the lack of snow water content information in ERA-40, not the larger horizontal grid spacing, are also responsible for the disagreements with observed pdfs of cloud physical properties, although the detection rates of cloud object occurrence are improved for small-size categories. A possible improvement to the convective parameterization is to introduce a stronger dependence of updraft penetration heights on grid-cell dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Density functionals
KW  - Cloud forecasting
KW  - Parameter estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 36435554; Xu, Kuan-Man 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 137 Issue 1, p207; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Subject Term: Density functionals; Subject Term: Cloud forecasting; Subject Term: Parameter estimation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008MWR2633.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koch, David
AU  - DeVore, Edna K.
AU  - Gould, Alan
AU  - Harman, Pamela
T1  - Take Off With NASA's Kepler Mission!
JO  - Science Teacher
JF  - Science Teacher
J1  - Science Teacher
PY  - 2009/01//
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 76
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 46
SN  - 00368555
AB  - The article reports on the Kepler aperture microscope launching into space in 2009 and its applications to science education. The National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) mission will seek extra-solar planets and habitable planets by searching for planet transits that effect the brightness of stars. Other topics include classroom activities, mission design, and expected discoveries.  INSET: Johannes Kepler and the International Year of Astronomy..
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
N1  - Accession Number: 36117670; Source Information: Jan2009, Vol. 76 Issue 1, p42; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105621225
T1  - Calcifying nanoparticles (nanobacteria): an additional potential factor for urolithiasis in space flight crews.
AU  - Jones JA
AU  - Ciftcioglu N
AU  - Schmid JF
AU  - Barr YR
AU  - Griffith D
Y1  - 2009/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 105621225. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090213. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; case study. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. NLM UID: 0366151. 
KW  - Calcinosis -- Etiology
KW  - Nanotechnology -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Ureteral Calculi -- Etiology
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
SP  - 210.e11
EP  - 3
JO  - Urology
JF  - Urology
JA  - UROLOGY
VL  - 73
IS  - 1
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Elsevier Science
SN  - 0090-4295
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.
U2  - PMID: 18718644.
DO  - 10.1016/j.urology.2008.01.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coll, César
AU  - Hook, Simon J.
AU  - Galve, Joan M.
T1  - Land Surface Temperature From the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer: Validation Over Inland Waters and Vegetated Surfaces.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01/02/Jan2009 Part 2
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 350
EP  - 360
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The land surface temperature (LST) product of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) was validated with ground measurements at the following two thermally homogeneous sites: Lake Tahoe, CA/NV, USA, and a large rice field close to Valencia, Spain. The AATSR LST product is based on the split-window technique using the 11- and 12- mum channels. The algorithm coefficients are provided for 13 different land-cover classes plus one lake class (index i). Coefficients are weighted by the vegetation-cover fraction (f). In the operational implementation of the algorithm, i and f are assigned from a global classification and monthly fractional vegetation-cover maps with spatial resolutions of 0.5deg times 0.5deg. Since the validation sites are smaller than this, they are misclassified in the LST product and treated incorrectly despite the fact that the higher resolution AATSR data easily resolve the sites. Due to this problem, the coefficients for the correct cover types were manually applied to the AATSR standard brightness temperature at sensor product to obtain the LST for the sites assuming they had been correctly classified. The comparison between the ground-measured and the AATSR-derived LSTs showed an excellent agreement for both sites, with nearly zero average biases and standard deviations les 0.5degC. In order to produce accurate and precise estimates of LST, it is necessary that the land-cover classification is revised and provided at the same resolution as the AATSR data, i.e., 1 km rather than the 0.5deg resolution auxiliary data currently used in the LST product. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - RADIATION measurements -- Instruments
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - EARTH (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - GROUND vegetation cover
KW  - AATSR LST algorithm
KW  - Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer
KW  - Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR)
KW  - brightness temperature
KW  - CA-NV
KW  - inland waters
KW  - Lake Tahoe
KW  - lakes
KW  - land surface temperature
KW  - land surface temperatures (LSTs)
KW  - land-cover classification
KW  - operational implementation
KW  - radiometers
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - resolution auxiliary data
KW  - rice field
KW  - Spain
KW  - split window
KW  - split-window technique
KW  - standard deviations
KW  - USA
KW  - Valencia
KW  - validation
KW  - vegetated surfaces
KW  - vegetation
KW  - vegetation-cover fraction
KW  - wavelength 11 mum
KW  - wavelength 12 mum
N1  - Accession Number: 52130031; Coll, César 1; Email Address: cesar.coll@uv.es; Hook, Simon J. 2; Email Address: simon.j.hook@jpl.nasa.gov; Galve, Joan M. 1; Email Address: joan.galve@uv.es; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Issue Info: Jan2009 Part 2, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p350; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements -- Instruments; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: GROUND vegetation cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: AATSR LST algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR); Author-Supplied Keyword: brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: CA-NV; Author-Supplied Keyword: inland waters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Tahoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: lakes; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface temperatures (LSTs); Author-Supplied Keyword: land-cover classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: operational implementation; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: resolution auxiliary data; Author-Supplied Keyword: rice field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spain; Author-Supplied Keyword: split window; Author-Supplied Keyword: split-window technique; Author-Supplied Keyword: standard deviations; Author-Supplied Keyword: USA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Valencia; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetated surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation-cover fraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: wavelength 11 mum; Author-Supplied Keyword: wavelength 12 mum; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 7 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002912
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=52130031&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenberg, J.A.
AU  - Dobrowski, S.Z.
AU  - Vanderbilt, V.C.
T1  - Limitations on maximum tree density using hyperspatial remote sensing and environmental gradient analysis
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/01/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 94
EP  - 101
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: We present a novel approach for performing environmental gradient analysis to address the question: is maximum potential tree density in eastern Lake Tahoe Basin, NV limited by water, temperature/energetic constraints, or both? To address this question we fuse continuous tree density estimates derived from hyperspatial remote sensing imagery (pixels smaller than trees) with two topographically derived environmental gradients: elevation and yearly potential relative radiation (PRR). We based our analysis on the maximum tree density found in each of over 200 environmental gradient combinations found with our area of interest, drawing from a dataset consisting of over 300,000 30 m plots and over 3 million individual trees. At a given elevation, sites in which maximum tree density increases as a function of increasing yearly PRR were considered to be temperature or energy limited. Conversely, sites in which maximum tree density decreased as a function of increasing yearly PRR were considered water limited. We found that eastern Lake Tahoe appears to be a landscape which is both water limited (at lower elevation and brighter, south-facing slopes) and temperature/energy limited (at higher elevations and darker, north-facing slopes). We discuss how fusing accurate and ecologically relevant remote sensing outputs with direct and indirect continuous microclimate surfaces can provide a powerful tool for addressing major questions of tree distributions and life history parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Plants -- Population biology
KW  - Plant ecology
KW  - Effect of radiation on plants
KW  - Basins (Geology)
KW  - Artificial satellites in remote sensing
KW  - Tahoe, Lake (Calif. & Nev.)
KW  - California
KW  - Nevada
KW  - Ecological niche
KW  - Environmental gradients
KW  - Forests
KW  - Hyperspatial remote sensing
KW  - Lake Tahoe
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Topography
KW  - Tree density
N1  - Accession Number: 35560607; Greenberg, J.A. 1; Email Address: greenberg@ucdavis.edu; Dobrowski, S.Z. 2; Vanderbilt, V.C. 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing (CSTARS), University of California, Davis, United States; 2: Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, United States; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Issue Info: Jan2009, Vol. 113 Issue 1, p94; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Plants -- Population biology; Thesaurus Term: Plant ecology; Thesaurus Term: Effect of radiation on plants; Thesaurus Term: Basins (Geology); Subject Term: Artificial satellites in remote sensing; Subject: Tahoe, Lake (Calif. & Nev.); Subject: California; Subject: Nevada; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecological niche; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental gradients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspatial remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Tahoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tree density; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=35560607&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Yihua
AU  - Walker, John
AU  - Schwede, Donna
AU  - Peters-Lidard, Christa
AU  - Dennis, Robin
AU  - Robarge, Wayne
T1  - A new model of bi-directional ammonia exchange between the atmosphere and biosphere: Ammonia stomatal compensation point
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 149
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 280
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: A new multi-layer canopy resistance model of bi-directional NH3 exchange is presented. This new model, which is based on the Multi-Layer BioChemical deposition (MLBC) model [Wu, Y., Brashers, B., Finkelstein, P.L., Pleim, J.E., 2003a. A multiplayer biochemical dry deposition model. I. Model formulation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D1; Wu, Y., Brashers, B., Finkelstein, P.L., Pleim, J.E., 2003b. A multiplayer biochemical dry deposition model. II. Model evaluation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D1], incorporates a parameterization for the ammonia stomatal compensation point that is theoretically derived to consider the effects of leaf temperature and apoplastic concentrations of NH4+ and H+. The new ammonia stomatal compensation point scheme accounts for the effects of deposition, emission and leaf temperature on the dynamics of apoplast [NH4+] and [H+]. The new model is evaluated against bidirectional NH3 fluxes measured over fertilized soybean. The general patterns of observed deposition and emission are successfully reproduced when the ammonia stomatal compensation point is included. Driven by the effects of deposition, emission and leaf temperature, modeled apoplastic [NH4+] and [H+] display significant diurnal variation when the buffer effect of the underlying metabolic processes generating or consuming NH4+ were ignored. Model predictive capability is improved slightly by incorporating the feedback into a dynamic stomatal compensation point. A simple implementation of the feedback mechanism in the current model provides opportunities for improvement. While the stomatal flux is shown to be an important process in the regulation of canopy-scale fluxes, it appears that exchange with leaf surface water and soil may also be important. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Respiration in plants
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Plant canopies
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Leaf temperature
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Stomata
KW  - Bi-directional flux
KW  - Compensation point
KW  - Deposition
KW  - Emission
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Soybean
N1  - Accession Number: 35934816; Wu, Yihua 1; Email Address: Yihua.Wu@noaa.gov; Walker, John 2; Schwede, Donna 3; Peters-Lidard, Christa 4; Dennis, Robin 3; Robarge, Wayne 5; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, The Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; 2: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States; 3: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; 5: North Carolina State University, Department of Soil Science, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 149 Issue 2, p263; Thesaurus Term: Respiration in plants; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Biosphere; Thesaurus Term: Ammonia; Thesaurus Term: Plant canopies; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Leaf temperature; Subject Term: Biochemistry; Subject Term: Stomata; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bi-directional flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compensation point; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soybean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.08.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=35934816&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Snow recurrence sets the depth of dry permafrost at high elevations in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica.
JO  - Antarctic Science
JF  - Antarctic Science
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 94
SN  - 09541020
AB  - Dry permafrost on Earth is unique to the Antarctic and is found in the upper elevations of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Despite its widespread presence in the Dry Valleys, the factors that control the distribution of dry permafrost and the ice-cemented ground below it are poorly understood. Here I show, by a combination of theoretical analysis and field observations, that the recurrence of snow can explain the depth of dry permafrost and the location of ice-cemented ground in Antarctica. For data from Linnaeus Terrace at 1600-1650 m elevation in Upper Wright Valley a recurrence intervals of about two years explains the presence of ground ice at 25 cm depth, under 12.5 cm of dry permafrost. Snow recurrence periods longer than 10 years would create only dry permafrost at this site. The snow gradient in University Valley resulting from the windblown snow from the polar plateau creates a corresponding gradient in the depth to ice-cemented ground. On the floor of Beacon Valley, the presence of dry permafrost without underlying ice-cemented ground indicates snow recurrence intervals of more than 10 years and implies that the ancient massive ice in this valley is not stable. Snow recurrence may also set the depth to ground ice on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Antarctic Science is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Snow
KW  - Polar bear
KW  - Frozen ground
KW  - Cold weather conditions
KW  - Soil conservation
KW  - Ice -- Antarctica
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Beacon Valley
KW  - ice-cemented ground
KW  - Mars
KW  - snow
KW  - University Valley
N1  - Accession Number: 38809500; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p89; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Snow; Thesaurus Term: Polar bear; Thesaurus Term: Frozen ground; Thesaurus Term: Cold weather conditions; Thesaurus Term: Soil conservation; Subject Term: Ice -- Antarctica; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beacon Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice-cemented ground; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow; Author-Supplied Keyword: University Valley; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0954102008001508
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=38809500&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vishwanath, Venkatram
AU  - Burns, Robert
AU  - Leigh, Jason
AU  - Seablom, Michael
T1  - Accelerating tropical cyclone analysis using LambdaRAM, a distributed data cache over wide-area ultra-fast networks
JO  - Future Generation Computer Systems
JF  - Future Generation Computer Systems
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 191
SN  - 0167739X
AB  - Abstract: Data-intensive scientific applications require rapid access to local and geographically distributed data, however, there are significant I/O latency bottlenecks associated with storage systems and wide-area networking. LambdaRAM is a high-performance, multi-dimensional, distributed cache, that takes advantage of memory from multiple clusters interconnected by ultra-high-speed networking, to provide applications with rapid access to both local and remote data. It mitigates latency bottlenecks by employing proactive latency-mitigation heuristics based on an application’s access patterns. We present results using LambdaRAM to rapidly stride through remote multi-dimensional NASA Modeling, Analysis and Prediction (MAP) 2006 project datasets, based on time and geographical coordinates, to compute wind shear for cyclone and hurricane and tropical cyclone analysis. Our current experiments have demonstrated up to a 20-fold speedup in the computation of wind shear with LambdaRAM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Future Generation Computer Systems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - COMPUTER storage devices
KW  - Climate modeling and analysis
KW  - Data-intensive computing
KW  - Distributed data caches
KW  - Hurricane analysis
KW  - LambdaGrids
KW  - Multi-dimensional remote data striding
KW  - Tropical cyclone analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 34531554; Vishwanath, Venkatram 1; Email Address: venkat@evl.uic.edu; Burns, Robert 2; Email Address: robert.w.burns@nasa.gov; Leigh, Jason 1; Email Address: spiff@uic.edu; Seablom, Michael 2; Email Address: michael.s.seablom@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Electronic Visualization Laboratory (EVL), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), United States; 2: Software Integration and Visualization Office (SIVO), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), MD, United States; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p184; Thesaurus Term: RANDOM access memory; Thesaurus Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER networks; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER storage devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate modeling and analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data-intensive computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed data caches; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hurricane analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: LambdaGrids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-dimensional remote data striding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical cyclone analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.future.2008.07.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=34531554&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milazzo, M. P.
AU  - Keszthelyi, L. P.
AU  - Jaeger, W. L.
AU  - Rosiek, M.
AU  - Mattson, S.
AU  - Verba, C.
AU  - Beyer, R. A.
AU  - Geissler, P. E.
AU  - McEwen, A. S.
T1  - Discovery of columnar jointing on Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 174
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - We report on the discovery of columnar jointing in Marte Valles, Mars. These columnar lavas were discovered in the wall of a pristine, 16-km-diameter impact crater and exhibit the features of terrestrial columnar basalts. There are discontinuous outcrops along the entire crater wall, suggesting that the columnar rocks covered a surface area of at least 200 km2, assuming that the rocks obliterated by the impact event were similarly jointed. We also see columns in the walls of other fresh craters in the nearby volcanic plains of Elysium Planitia-Amazonis Planitia, which include Marte Vallis, and in a well-preserved crater in northeast Hellas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Outcrops (Geology)
KW  - Geology
KW  - Columnar structure (Metallurgy)
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Basalt
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Amazonis Planitia (Mars)
N1  - Accession Number: 36511991; Milazzo, M. P. 1; Email Address: moses@usgs.gov; Keszthelyi, L. P. 1; Jaeger, W. L. 1; Rosiek, M. 1; Mattson, S. 2; Verba, C. 1; Beyer, R. A. 3,4; Geissler, P. E. 1; McEwen, A. S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Astrogeology Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; 2: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; 3: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p171; Thesaurus Term: Outcrops (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Geology; Subject Term: Columnar structure (Metallurgy); Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Basalt; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Amazonis Planitia (Mars); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G25187A.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=36511991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Jordan, Jennifer L.
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
T1  - High Temperature Characteristics Of Coplanar Waveguide on R-Plane Sapphire and Alumina.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 151
SN  - 15213323
AB  - This paper presents the characteristics of coplanar waveguide transmission lines on R-plane sapphire and alumina over the temperature range of 25 °C-400 ° C and the frequency range of 45 MHz-50 GHz. A thru-reflect-line calibration technique and open circuited terminated stubs are used to extract the attenuation and effective permittivity. It is shown that the effective permittivity of the transmission lines and, therefore, the relative dielectric constant of the two substrates increase linearly with temperature. The attenuation of the coplanar waveguide varies linearly with temperature through 200°C, and increases at a greater rate above 200 ° C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - SAPPHIRES
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - PERMITTIVITY
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - Alumina
KW  - attenuation
KW  - coplanar waveguide
KW  - effective permittivity
KW  - high temperature
KW  - sapphire
N1  - Accession Number: 45660886; Ponchak, George E. 1; Email Address: george.ponchak@ieee.org; Jordan, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: jennifer.I.jordan@nasa.gov; Scardelletti, Maximilian C. 1; Email Address: maximilian.c.scardelletti@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p146; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: SAPPHIRES; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: PERMITTIVITY; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alumina; Author-Supplied Keyword: attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: effective permittivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: sapphire; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TADVP.2008.2009123
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=45660886&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Inan, Omer T.
AU  - Etemadi, Mozziyar
AU  - Sanchez, Max E.
AU  - Marcu, Oana
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
AU  - Kovacs, Gregory T. A.
T1  - A Miniaturized Video System for Monitoring the Locomotor Activity of Walking Drosophila Melanogaster in Space and Terrestrial Settings.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 522
EP  - 524
SN  - 00189294
AB  - A novel method is presented for monitoring movement of Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) in space. Transient fly movements were captured by a $60, 2.5-cm-cubed monochrome video camera imaging flies illuminated by a uniform light source. The video signal from this camera was bandpass filtered (0.3-10 Hz) and amplified by an analog circuit to extract the average light changes as a function of time. The raw activity signal output of this circuit was recorded on a computer and digitally processed to extract the fly movement "events" from the waveform. These events corresponded to flies entering and leaving the image and were used for extracting activity parameters such as interevent duration. The efficacy of the system in quantifying locomotor activity was evaluated by varying environmental temperature and measuring the activity level of the flies. The results of this experiment matched those reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LOCOMOTION -- Regulation
KW  - DROSOPHILA melanogaster
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - VOLTAGE regulators
KW  - BANDPASS filters
KW  - TEMPERATURE -- Environmental aspects
KW  - LIGHT sources
KW  - Activity monitor
KW  - Drosophila mnelanogaster
KW  - locomotor behavior
KW  - space bIology
N1  - Accession Number: 38896702; Inan, Omer T. 1; Email Address: omeri@stanford.edu; Etemadi, Mozziyar 1; Sanchez, Max E. 2; Marcu, Oana 3; Bhattacharya, Sharmila 3; Kovacs, Gregory T. A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; 2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA; 4: Departments of Electrical Engineering and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p522; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LOCOMOTION -- Regulation; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA melanogaster; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: VOLTAGE regulators; Subject Term: BANDPASS filters; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activity monitor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drosophila mnelanogaster; Author-Supplied Keyword: locomotor behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: space bIology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2008.2006018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=38896702&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saha, Bhaskar
AU  - Goebel, Kai
AU  - Poll, Scott
AU  - Christophersen, Jon
T1  - Prognostics Methods for Battery Health Monitoring Using a Bayesian Framework.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2009/02//
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 291
EP  - 296
SN  - 00189456
AB  - This paper explores how the remaining useful life (RUL) can be assessed for complex systems whose internal state variables are either inaccessible to sensors or hard to measure under operational conditions. Consequently, inference and estimation techniques need to be applied on indirect measurements, anticipated operational conditions, and historical data for which a Bayesian statistical approach is suitable. Models of electrochemical processes in the form of equivalent electric circuit parameters were combined with statistical models of state transitions, aging processes, and measurement fidelity in a formal framework. Relevance vector machines (RVMs) and several different particle filters (PFs) are examined for remaining life prediction and for providing uncertainty bounds. Results are shown on battery data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - PROGNOSTIC tests
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 39148027; Source Information: Feb2009, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p291; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: PROGNOSTIC tests; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2008.2005965
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=39148027&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bin Zhang
AU  - Khawaja, Taimoor
AU  - Patrick, Romano
AU  - Vachtsevanos, George
AU  - Orchard, Marcos E.
AU  - Saxena, Abhinav
T1  - Application of Blind Deconvolution Denoising in Failure Prognosis.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2009/02//
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 310
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Fault diagnosis and failure prognosis are essential techniques in improving the safety of many mechanical systems. However, vibration signals are often corrupted by noise; therefore, the performance of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms is degraded. In this paper, a novel denoising structure is proposed and applied to vibration signals collected from a testbed of the helicopter main gearbox subjected to a seeded fault. The proposed structure integrates a denoising algorithm, feature extraction, failure prognosis, and vibration modeling into a synergistic system. Performance indexes associated with the quality of the extracted features and failure prognosis are addressed, before and after denoising, for validation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FEATURE extraction (Data processing)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Deconvolution
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - ELECTRICAL engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 39148029; Source Information: Feb2009, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p303; Subject Term: FEATURE extraction (Data processing); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Deconvolution; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: ELECTRICAL engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2008.2005963
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=39148029&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferguson, Dale C.
T1  - FPP Results—Final Report.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2009/02//
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 374
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The Floating Potential Probe (FPP) operated on the International Space Station (ISS) from December 2000 to April 2001. During that time, it took many measurements of the ISS floating potential and the low-Earth-orbit electron density and temperature. Those measurements were used as inputs to the Environment WorkBench (EWB) model of ISS potentials (originally developed by the Science Applications International Corporation for NASA, but now sometimes called the Boeing Plasma Interaction Model), which is used even today to predict charging levels for ISS. FPP is now completely defunct, having been re- moved and jettisoned from ISS. With the advent of the new floating potential measurement unit (FPMU) on ISS and the beginning of ISS operations with three large sets of solar array panels instead of just one, a review of FPP measurements can offer comparisons with the new FPMU data and perhaps improve the accuracy of future ISS charging predictions. In particular, FPP measurements during times of low electron temperature and high electron density (the times of worst ISS charging) will be brought forward for comparison with the newly obtained FPMU data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON distribution
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - ELECTRON temperature
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
N1  - Accession Number: 36626074; Source Information: Feb2009, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p369; Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Subject Term: ELECTRON temperature; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2008.918667
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=36626074&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
AU  - Das, Santanu
T1  - Detection and Prognostics on Low-Dimensional Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
PY  - 2009/02//
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 54
SN  - 10946977
AB  - This paper describes the application of known and novel prognostic algorithms on systems that can be described by low-dimensional, potentially nonlinear dynamics. The methods rely on estimating the conditional probability distribution of the output of the system at a future time given knowledge of the current state of the system. We show how to estimate these conditional probabilities using a variety of techniques, including bagged neural networks and kernel methods such as Gaussian process regression (GPR). The results are compared with standard method such as the nearest neighbor algorithm. We demonstrate the algorithms on a real-world dataset and a simulated dataset. The real-world dataset consists of the intensity of an NH3 laser. The laser dataset has been shown by other authors to exhibit low-dimensional chaos with sudden drops in intensity. The simulated dataset is generated from the Lorenz attractor and has known statistical characteristics. On these datasets, we show the evolution of the estimated conditional probability distribution, the way it can act as a prognostic signal, and its use as an early warning system. We also review a novel approach to perform GPR with large numbers of data points. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - LOW-dimensional semiconductors
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - LORENZ equations
N1  - Accession Number: 52168343; Source Information: Feb2009, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p44; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: LOW-dimensional semiconductors; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: LORENZ equations; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2008.2006988
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=52168343&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Budalakoti, Suratna
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
AU  - Otey, Matthew E.
T1  - Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis Algorithms for Discrete Symbol Sequences with Applications to Airline Safety.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
PY  - 2009/02//
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 113
SN  - 10946977
AB  - We present a set of novel algorithms which we call sequenceMiner that detect and characterize anomalies in large sets of high-dimensional symbol sequences that arise from recordings of switch sensors in the cockpits of commercial airliners. While the algorithms that we present are general and domain-independent, we focus on a specific problem that is critical to determining the system-wide health of a fleet of aircraft. The approach taken uses unsupervised clustering of sequences using the normalized length of the longest common subsequence as a similarity measure, followed by detailed outlier analysis to detect anomalies. In this method, an outlier sequence is defined as a sequence that is far away from the cluster center. We present new algorithms for outlier analysis that provide comprehensible indicators as to why a particular sequence is deemed to be an outlier. The algorithms provide a coherent description to an analyst of the anomalies in the sequence when compared to more normal sequences. In the final section of the paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of sequenceMiner for anomaly detection on a real set of discrete-sequence data from a fleet of commercial airliners. We show that sequenceMiner discovers actionable and operationally significant safety events. We also compare our innovations with standard hidden Markov models, and show that our methods are superior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Maintenance & repair
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - OUTLIERS (Statistics)
KW  - MARKOV processes
N1  - Accession Number: 52168340; Source Information: Feb2009, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p101; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Maintenance & repair; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: OUTLIERS (Statistics); Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2008.2007248
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=52168340&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Keyes, Dennis F.
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Manalo-Smith, Natividad
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
T1  - Toward Optimal Closure of the Earth's Top-of-Atmosphere Radiation Budget.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 748
EP  - 766
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Despite recent improvements in satellite instrument calibration and the algorithms used to determine reflected solar (SW) and emitted thermal (LW) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes, a sizeable imbalance persists in the average global net radiation at the TOA from satellite observations. This imbalance is problematic in applications that use earth radiation budget (ERB) data for climate model evaluation, estimate the earth's annual global mean energy budget, and in studies that infer meridional heat transports. This study provides a detailed error analysis of TOA fluxes based on the latest generation of Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) gridded monthly mean data products [the monthly TOA/surface averages geostationary (SRBAVG-GEO)] and uses an objective constrainment algorithm to adjust SW and LW TOA fluxes within their range of uncertainty to remove the inconsistency between average global net TOA flux and heat storage in the earth–atmosphere system. The 5-yr global mean CERES net flux from the standard CERES product is 6.5 W m-2, much larger than the best estimate of 0.85 W m-2 based on observed ocean heat content data and model simulations. The major sources of uncertainty in the CERES estimate are from instrument calibration (4.2 W m-2) and the assumed value for total solar irradiance (1 W m-2). After adjustment, the global mean CERES SW TOA flux is 99.5 W m-2, corresponding to an albedo of 0.293, and the global mean LW TOA flux is 239.6 W m-2. These values differ markedly from previously published adjusted global means based on the ERB Experiment in which the global mean SW TOA flux is 107 W m-2 and the LW TOA flux is 234 W m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Upper atmosphere
KW  - Terrestrial radiation
KW  - Energy budget (Geophysics)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Heat storage
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Calibration
N1  - Accession Number: 36842541; Loeb, Norman G. 1; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Doelling, David R. 1; Smith, G. Louis 2; Keyes, Dennis F. 3; Kato, Seiji 1; Manalo-Smith, Natividad 3; Wong, Takmeng 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p748; Thesaurus Term: Upper atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Terrestrial radiation; Thesaurus Term: Energy budget (Geophysics); Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Heat storage; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Subject Term: Calibration; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cline, Don
AU  - Yueh, Simon
AU  - Chapman, Bruce
AU  - Stankov, Boba
AU  - Gasiewski, Al
AU  - Masters, Dallas
AU  - Elder, Kelly
AU  - Kelly, Richard
AU  - Painter, Thomas H.
AU  - Miller, Steve
AU  - Katzberg, Steve
AU  - Mahrt, Larry
T1  - NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Airborne Remote Sensing.
JO  - Journal of Hydrometeorology
JF  - Journal of Hydrometeorology
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 338
EP  - 346
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 1525755X
AB  - This paper describes the airborne data collected during the 2002 and 2003 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). These data include gamma radiation observations, multi- and hyperspectral optical imaging, optical altimetry, and passive and active microwave observations of the test areas. The gamma observations were collected with the NOAA/National Weather Service Gamma Radiation Detection System (GAMMA). The CLPX multispectral optical data consist of very high-resolution color-infrared orthoimagery of the intensive study areas (ISAs) by TerrainVision. The airborne hyperspectral optical data consist of observations from the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Optical altimetry measurements were collected using airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) by TerrainVision. The active microwave data include radar observations from the NASA Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Polarimetric Ku-band Scatterometer (POLSCAT), and airborne GPS bistatic radar data collected with the NASA GPS radar delay mapping receiver (DMR). The passive microwave data consist of observations collected with the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR). All of the airborne datasets described here and more information describing data collection and processing are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Hydrometeorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Gamma rays
KW  - Gamma ray detectors
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Microwave measurements
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 36793367; Cline, Don 1; Email Address: donald.cline@noaa.gov; Yueh, Simon 2; Chapman, Bruce 2; Stankov, Boba 3; Gasiewski, Al 3; Masters, Dallas 3; Elder, Kelly 4; Kelly, Richard 5; Painter, Thomas H. 6; Miller, Steve 7; Katzberg, Steve 8; Mahrt, Larry 9; Affiliations: 1: NOAA/NWS/National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center, Chanhassen, Minnesota; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California; 3: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; 4: Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colorado; 5: University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; 6: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 7: Johnson, Kunkel & Associates, Eagle, Colorado; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia; 9: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p338; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Subject Term: Global Positioning System; Subject Term: Gamma rays; Subject Term: Gamma ray detectors; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Microwave measurements; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JHM883.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Biologically Reversible Exploration.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/02/06/
VL  - 323
IS  - 5915
M3  - Article
SP  - 718
EP  - 718
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article examines planetary science policy dictated by the international Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) mandating that other worlds of the Solar System not be contaminated in such a way that would jeopardize the conduct of future scientific investigations. The author discusses how bacteria from earth could pose a threat to other planets and contemplates the process of discovering life on Mars.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Space pollution -- Law & legislation
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration -- Government policy
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 36624264; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: christopher.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Space Sciences, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2/6/2009, Vol. 323 Issue 5915, p718; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Space pollution -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration -- Government policy; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sexton, Joseph O.
AU  - Bax, Tyler
AU  - Siqueira, Paul
AU  - Swenson, Jennifer J.
AU  - Hensley, Scott
T1  - A comparison of lidar, radar, and field measurements of canopy height in pine and hardwood forests of southeastern North America
JO  - Forest Ecology & Management
JF  - Forest Ecology & Management
Y1  - 2009/02/10/
VL  - 257
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1136
EP  - 1147
SN  - 03781127
AB  - Abstract: Forest canopy height is essential information for many forest management activities and is a critical parameter in models of ecosystem processes. Several methods are available to measure canopy height from single-tree to regional and global scales, but the methods vary widely in their sensitivities, leading to different height estimates even for identical stands. We compare four technologies for estimating canopy height in pine and hardwood forests of the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA: (1) digital elevation data from the global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) C-band radar interferometry, (2) X- and P-band radar interferometry from the recently developed airborne Geographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (GeoSAR) sensor, (3) small footprint lidar measurements (in pine only), and (4) field measurements acquired by in situ forest mensuration. Differences between measurements were smaller in pine than in hardwood forests, with biases ranging from 5.13 to 12.17m in pine (1.60–13.77m for lidar) compared to 6.60–15.28m in hardwoods and RMSE from 8.40 to 14.21m in pine (4.73–14.92m for lidar) compared to 9.54–16.84 in hardwood. GeoSAR measurements of canopy height were among the most comparable measurements overall and showed potential for successful calibration, with R 2 =0.87 in pine canopies and R 2 =0.38 in hardwood canopies from simple linear regression. An improved calibration based on differential canopy penetration is presented and applied to SRTM measurements, resulting in canopy height estimates in pine forests with RMSE and standard error <4.00m. Each of the remotely sensed methods studied produces reasonable and consistent depictions of canopy height that can be compared with data of similar provenance, but due to differences in underlying sensitivities between the methods, comparisons between measurements from various sources require cross-calibration and will be most useful at broad scales. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Forest Ecology & Management is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forest canopies
KW  - Forest ecology
KW  - Field work (Research)
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Hardwoods
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Interferometry
KW  - Piedmont (N.C.)
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - United States
KW  - Canopy height
KW  - Forest structure
KW  - GeoSAR
KW  - InSAR
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Radar interferometry
KW  - SRTM
N1  - Accession Number: 36104152; Sexton, Joseph O. 1; Email Address: joseph.sexton@duke.edu; Bax, Tyler 1; Email Address: tyler.bax@duke.edu; Siqueira, Paul 2; Swenson, Jennifer J. 1; Hensley, Scott 3; Affiliations: 1: Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0328, USA; 2: Microwave Remote Sensing Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9284, USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA; Issue Info: Feb2009, Vol. 257 Issue 3, p1136; Thesaurus Term: Forest canopies; Thesaurus Term: Forest ecology; Thesaurus Term: Field work (Research); Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Hardwoods; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Interferometry; Subject: Piedmont (N.C.); Subject: North Carolina; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy height; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: GeoSAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: InSAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: SRTM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 321211 Hardwood Veneer and Plywood Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.foreco.2008.11.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hara, Y.
AU  - Yumimoto, K.
AU  - Uno, I.
AU  - Shimizu, A.
AU  - Sugimoto, N.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Asian dust outflow in the PBL and free atmosphere retrieved by NASA CALIPSO and an assimilated dust transport model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/02/15/
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1227
EP  - 1239
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Three-dimensional structures of Asian dust transport in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and free atmosphere occurring successively during the end of May 2007 were clarified using results of space-borne backscatter lidar, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and results obtained using a data-assimilated version of a dust transport model (RC4) based on a ground-based NIES lidar network. The dust layer depths and the vertical and horizontal structure simulated by RC4 agreed with those of CALIOP observations from the dust source region to the far-downstream region. Two important transport mechanisms of Asian dust in the PBL and free atmosphere were clarified: a low-level dust outbreak within the dry slot region of a well-developed low-pressure system, and formation of an elevated dust layer within the warm sector of a low-pressure system. We also represent the aging of pure dust particles using the particle depolarization ratio (PDR) at 532 nm and the color ratio (CR) at 1064 nm and 532 nm. Aerosols with high PDR were observed uniformly over the dust source region. While the dust cloud was transported to the eastern downwind regions, aerosols with low PDR and high CR occur in the layer of less than 1 km height, suggesting a mixing state of spherical aerosols and dust in the surface layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dust
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Asia
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 36659517; Hara, Y. 1; Email Address: hara.yukari@nies.go.jp; Yumimoto, K. 2; Uno, I. 2; Shimizu, A. 1; Sugimoto, N. 1; Liu, Z. 3; Winker, D. M. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; 2: Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p1227; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject: Asia ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duda, D. P.
AU  - Palikonda, R.
AU  - Minnis, P.
T1  - Relating observations of contrail persistence to numerical weather analysis output.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/02/15/
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1357
EP  - 1364
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The potential for using high-resolution meteorological data from two operational numerical weather analyses (NWA) to diagnose and predict persistent contrail formation is evaluated using two independent contrail observation databases. Contrail occurrence statistics derived from surface and satellite observations between April 2004 and June 2005 are matched to the humidity, vertical velocity, wind shear and atmospheric stability derived from analyses from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) and the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) models. The relationships between contrail occurrence and the NWA-derived statistics are analyzed to determine under which atmospheric conditions persistent contrail formation is favored within NWAs. Humidity is the most important factor determining whether contrails are short-lived or persistent, and persistent contrails are more likely to appear when vertical velocities are positive. The model-derived atmospheric stability and wind shear do not appear to have a significant effect on contrail occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Numerical weather forecasting
KW  - Exchange of meteorological information
KW  - Condensation trails -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Astrometeorology
N1  - Accession Number: 36659526; Duda, D. P. 1; Email Address: dduda@nianet.org; Palikonda, R. 2; Minnis, P. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p1357; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Subject Term: Numerical weather forecasting; Subject Term: Exchange of meteorological information; Subject Term: Condensation trails -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Astrometeorology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Bertram, T. H.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Heikes, B. G.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - Airborne observations of total RONO2: new constraints on the yield and lifetime of isoprene nitrates.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/02/15/
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1451
EP  - 1463
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Formation of isoprene nitrates (INs) is an important free radical chain termination step ending production of ozone and possibly affecting formation of secondary organic aerosol. Isoprene nitrates also represent a potentially large, unmeasured contribution to OH reactivity and are a major pathway for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere. Current assessments indicate that formation rates of isoprene nitrates are uncertain to a factor of 2-3 and the subsequent fate of isoprene nitrates remains largely unconstrained by laboratory, field or modeling studies. Measurements of total alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (ΣANs), NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), HNO3, CH2O, isoprene and other VOC were obtained from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during summer 2004 over the continental US during the INTEX-NA campaign. These observations represent the first characterization of ΣANs over a wide range of land surface types and in the lower free troposphere. ΣANs were a significant, 12-20%, fraction of NOy throughout the experimental domain and ΣANs were more abundant when isoprene was high. We use the observed hydrocarbon species to calculate the relative contributions of ΣAN precursors to their production. These calculations indicate that isoprene represents at least three quarters of the ΣAN source in the summertime continental boundary layer of the US. An observed correlation between ΣANs and CH2O is used to place constraints on nitrate yields from isoprene oxidation, atmospheric lifetimes of the resulting nitrates and recycling efficiencies of nitrates during subsequent oxidation. We find reasonable fits to the data using sets of production rates, lifetimes and recycling efficiencies of INs as follows (4.4%, 16 h, 97%), (8%, 2.5 h, 79%) and (12%, 95 min, 67%). The analysis indicates that the lifetime of ΣANs as a pool of compounds is considerably longer than the lifetime of the individual isoprene nitrates to reaction with OH, implying that the organic nitrate functionality is at least partially maintained through a second oxidation cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrates -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Ozone -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 36659532; Perring, A. E. 1; Bertram, T. H. 2,3; Wooldridge, P. J. 1; Fried, A. 4; Heikes, B. G. 5; Dibb, J. 6; Crounse, J. D. 7; Wennberg, P. O. 8,9; Blake, N. J. 10; Blake, D. R. 10; Brune, W. H. 11; Singh, H. B. 12; Cohen, R. C. 1,2; Email Address: cohen@cchem.berkeley.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA; 6: Climate Change Research Institute, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 7: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 8: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 9: Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 10: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 11: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 12: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p1451; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Subject Term: Ozone -- Environmental aspects; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MILLET, DYLAN B.
AU  - ATLAS, ELLIOT L.
AU  - BLAKE, DONALD R.
AU  - BLAKE, NICOLA J.
AU  - DISKIN, GLENN S.
AU  - HOLLOWAY, JOHN S.
AU  - HUDMAN, RYNDA C.
AU  - MEINARDI, SIMONE
AU  - RYERSON, THOMAS B.
AU  - SACHSE, GLEN W.
T1  - Halocarbon Emissions from the United States and Mexico and Their Global Warming Potential.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2009/02/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1060
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We use recent aircraft measurements of a comprehensive suite of anthropogenic halocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and related tracers to place new constraints on North American halocarbon emissions and quantify their global warming potential. Using a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) we find that the ensemble of observations are consistent with our prior best estimate of the U.S. anthropogenic CO source, but suggest a 30% underestimate of Mexican emissions. We develop an optimized CO emission inventory on this basis and quantify halocarbon emissions from their measured enhancements relative to CO. Emissions continue for many compounds restricted under the Montreal Protocol, and we show that halocarbons make up an important fraction of the total greenhouse gas source for both countries: our best estimate is 9% (uncertainty range 6-12%) and 32% (21-52%) of equivalent CO2 emissions for the U.S. and Mexico, respectively, on a 20 year time scale. Performance of bottom-up emission inventories is variable, with underestimates for some compounds and overestimates for others. Ongoing methylchloroform emissions are significant in the U.S. (2.8 Gg/y in 2004-2006), in contrast to bottom-up estimates (<0.05 Gg), with implications for tropospheric OH calculations. Mexican methylchloroform emissions are minor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Halocarbons
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Emission inventories
KW  - Trichloroethane
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - United States
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 36864025; MILLET, DYLAN B. 1; Email Address: dbm@umn.edu; ATLAS, ELLIOT L. 2; BLAKE, DONALD R. 3; BLAKE, NICOLA J. 3; DISKIN, GLENN S. 4; HOLLOWAY, JOHN S. 5; HUDMAN, RYNDA C. 6; MEINARDI, SIMONE 3; RYERSON, THOMAS B. 6; SACHSE, GLEN W. 4; Affiliations: 1: University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108.; 2: University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149.; 3: University of California, Irvine, California 92697.; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; 5: NOAA CSD, Boulder, Colorado 80305.; 6: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.; Issue Info: 2/15/2009, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p1055; Thesaurus Term: Halocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Emission inventories; Thesaurus Term: Trichloroethane; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Subject: United States; Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Edwards, D. P.
AU  - Deeter, M. N.
AU  - Gille, J. C.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Nédélec, P.
AU  - Novelli, P.
AU  - Sachse, G.
T1  - Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) validation through 2006.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1803
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Comparisons of aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) to the retrievals of CO using observations from the Measurements of Pollution in The Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument onboard the Terra satellite are presented. Observations made as part of the NASA INTEX-B and NSF MIRAGE field campaigns during March-May 2006 are used to validate the MOPITT CO retrievals, along with routine samples from 2001 through 2006 from NOAA and the MOZAIC measurements from commercial aircraft. A significant positive bias, around 20% for total column CO, in MOPITT CO was found in the comparison to in situ measurements during 2006. Comparisons to the long-term records of measurements from NOAA and MOZAIC revealed an increasing bias in the V3 MOPITT CO retrievals over time. The impact of an instrumental drift is illustrated through retrieval simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Aircraft exhaust emissions
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 37217904; Emmons, L. K. 1; Email Address: emmons@ucar.edu; Edwards, D. P. 1; Deeter, M. N. 1; Gille, J. C. 1; Campos, T. 1; Nédélec, P. 2; Novelli, P. 3; Sachse, G. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: Laboratoire d'Áerologie, University P. Sabatier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France; 3: NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1795; Thesaurus Term: Pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Aircraft exhaust emissions; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Lawson, P.
AU  - Baker, B.
AU  - Pilson, B.
AU  - Mo, Q.
AU  - Heymsfield, A. J.
AU  - Bansemer, A.
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - McGill, M.
AU  - Hlavka, D.
AU  - Heymsfield, G.
AU  - Platnick, S.
AU  - Arnold, G. T.
AU  - Tanelli, S.
T1  - On the importance of small ice crystals in tropical anvil cirrus.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 5321
EP  - 5370
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In situ measurements of ice crystal concentrations and sizes made with aircraft instrumentation over the past two decades have often indicated the presence of numerous relatively small (<50 μmdiameter) crystals in cirrus clouds. Further, these measure- ments frequently indicate that small crystals account for a large fraction of the extinction in cirrus clouds. The fact that the instruments used to make these measurements, such as the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) and the Cloud Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), ingest ice crystals into the sample volume through inlets has led to suspicion that the indications of numerous small-crystals could be artifacts of large-crystal shattering on the instrument inlets. We present new aircraft measurements in anvil cirrus sampled during the Tropical Composition, Cloud, and Climate Coupling (TC4) campaign with the 2-Dimensional Stereo (2D-S) probe, which detects particles as small as 10 μm. The 2D-S has detector "arms" instead of an inlet tube, and therefore is expected to be less susceptible to shattering artifacts than instruments such as CAS. In addition, particle inter-arrival times are used to identify and remove shattering artifacts that occur even with the 2D-S probe. The number of shattering artifacts identified by the 2D-S interarrival time analysis ranges from a negligible contribution to an order of magnitude or more enhancement in apparent ice concentration over the natural ice concentration, depending on the abundance of large crystals and the natural small crystal concentration. The 2D-S measurements in tropical anvil cirrus suggest that natural small-crystal concentrations are typically one to two orders of magnitude lower than those inferred from CAS. The strong correlation between the CAS/2D-S ratio of small-crystal concentrations and large-crystal concentration suggests that the discrepancy is likely caused by shattering of large crystals on the CAS inlet. We argue that past measurements with CAS in cirrus with large crystals present may contain errors due to crystal shattering, and past conclusions derived from these measurements may need to be revisited. Further, we present correlations between CAS spurious concentration and 2D-S large-crystal mass from spatially uniform anvil cirrus sampling periods as an approximate guide for estimating quantitative impact of large-crystal shattering on CAS concentrations in previous datasets. We use radiative transfer calculations to demonstrate that in the maritime anvil cirrus sampled during TC4, small crystals indicated by 2D-S contribute relatively little to cloud extinction, radiative forcing, or radiative 5 heating in the anvils, regardless of anvil age or vertical location in the clouds. While 2D-S ice concentrations in fresh anvil cirrus may often exceed 1 cm-3, and are observed to exceed 10cm-3 in turrets, they are typically ⋍0.1 cm-3 and rarely exceed 1 cm-3 (<1.4% of the time) in aged anvil cirrus. It appears that the numerous small crystals detrained from convective updrafts do not persist in the anvil cirrus sampled during TC-4. We hypothesize that isolated occurrences of higher ice concentrations in aged anvil cirrus are caused by ice nucleation driven by gravity waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice nuclei
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Spectrometers
N1  - Accession Number: 41521613; Jensen, E. J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov; Lawson, P. 2; Baker, B. 2; Pilson, B. 2; Mo, Q. 2; Heymsfield, A. J. 3; Bansemer, A. 3; Bui, T. P. 1; McGill, M. 4; Hlavka, D. 4; Heymsfield, G. 4; Platnick, S. 4; Arnold, G. T. 4; Tanelli, S. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p5321; Thesaurus Term: Ice nuclei; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Hydrodynamics; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Subject Term: Spectrometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 50p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Fu, Q.
AU  - Su, J.
AU  - Tang, Q.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Yi, Y.
AU  - Zhao, Q.
T1  - Taklimakan dust aerosol radiative heating derived from CALIPSO observations using the Fu-Liou radiation model with CERES constraints.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 5967
EP  - 6001
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The dust aerosol radiative forcing and heating rate over the Taklimakan Desert in northwestern China in July 2006 are estimated using the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model along with satellite observations. The vertical distributions of the dust aerosol extinction coefficient are derived from the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) lidar measurements. The CERES (Cloud and the Earth's Energy Budget Scanner) measurements of reflected solar radiation are used to constrain the dust aerosol type in the radiative transfer model, which determines the dust aerosol single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factor as well as the aerosol optical properties spectral dependencies. We find that the dust aerosol radiative heating and effect have a significant impact on the energy budget over the Taklimakan desert. In the atmospheres containing light, moderate and heavy dust layers, the dust aerosols heat the atmosphere by up to 1, 2, and 3 Kday-1, respectively. The maximum daily mean radiative heating rate reaches 5.5 Kday-1 at 5 km on 29 July. The averaged daily mean net radiative effect of the dust are 44.4, -41.9, and 86.3Wm-2, respectively, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), surface, and in the atmosphere. Among these effects about two thirds of the warming effect at the TOA is related to the longwave radiation, while about 90% of the atmospheric warming is contributed by the solar radiation. At the surface, about one third of the dust solar radiative cooling effect is compensated by its longwave warming effect. The large modifications of radiative energy budget by the dust aerosols over Taklimakan Desert should have important implications for the atmospheric circulation and regional climate, topics for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Electromagnetic waves
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 41521629; Huang, J. 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn; Fu, Q. 1,2; Su, J. 1; Tang, Q. 1; Minnis, P. 3; Hu, Y. 3; Yi, Y. 4; Zhao, Q. 5; Affiliations: 1: College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; 2: Department of Atmosphere Science, University of Washington, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 5: Gansu Meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou, 73000, China; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p5967; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 35p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 6 Charts, 8 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith Sr., W. L.
AU  - Revercomb, H.
AU  - Bingham, G.
AU  - Larar, A.
AU  - Huang, H.
AU  - Zhou, D.
AU  - Li, J.
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Kireev, S.
T1  - Evolution, current capabilities, and future advances in satellite ultra-spectral IR sounding.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 6541
EP  - 6569
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Infrared ultra-spectral spectrometers have brought in a new era of satellite remote atmospheric sounding capability. During the 1970's, after the implementation of the first satellite sounding instruments, it became evident that much higher vertical resolution sounding information was needed to be able to forecast life and property threatening localized severe weather. The demonstration of the ultra-spectral radiance measurement technology required to achieve higher vertical resolution began in 1985, with the aircraft flights of the High-resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS) instrument. The development of satellite instruments designed to have a HIS-like measurement capa bility was initiated in the late 1980's. Today, after more than a decade of development time, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are now operating successfully from the Aqua and MetOp polar orbiting satellites, respectively. The successful development and ground demonstration of the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS), during this decade, is now paving the way toward future implementation of the ultra-spectral sounding capability on the international system of geostationary environmental satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Artificial satellites in telecommunication
N1  - Accession Number: 41521643; Smith Sr., W. L. 1,2; Email Address: bill.l.smith@cox.net; Revercomb, H. 1; Bingham, G. 3; Larar, A. 4; Huang, H. 1; Zhou, D. 4; Li, J. 1; Liu, X. 4; Kireev, S. 2; Affiliations: 1: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 2: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Space Dynamics laboratory, Logan, Utah, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p6541; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in telecommunication; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 8 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Tyler, S. C.
AU  - Choi, Y.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
T1  - Sources and transport of 14C on CO2 within the Mexico City Basin and vicinity.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 7213
EP  - 7237
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Radiocarbon samples taken over Mexico City and the surrounding region during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006 exhibited an unexpected distribution: (1) relatively few samples (23%) were below the North American free tropospheric background value (57‰) despite the fossil fuel emissions from one of the world's most highly polluted environments; and (2) frequent enrichment well above the background value was observed. Correlate source tracer species and air transport characteristics were examined to elucidate influences on the radiocarbon distribution. Our analysis suggests that a combination of radiocarbon sources biased the "regional radiocarbon background" above the North American value thereby decreasing the apparent fossil fuel signature. These sources included the release of bomb or "hot" radiocarbon sequestered in plant carbon pools via the ubiquitous biomass burning in the region as well as the direct release of radiocarbon as CO2. Plausible large local perturbations include the burning of hazardous waste in cement kilns; medical waste incineration; and emissions from the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant. These observations provide insight into the use of Δ14CO2 to constrain fossil fuel emissions in the megacity environment, indicating that underestimation of the fossil fuel contribution to the CO2 flux is likely wherever biomass burning coexists with urban emissions. Our findings increase the complexity required to quantify fossil fuel-derived CO2 in source-rich environments characteristic of megacities, and have implications for the use of Δ14CO2 observations in evaluating bottoms-up emission inventories and their reliability as a tool for validating national emission claims of CO2 within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Basins (Geology)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Fossil fuels
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Incineration
KW  - Carbon isotopes
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 41521661; Vay, S. A. 1; Email Address: stephanie.a.vay@nasa.gov; Tyler, S. C. 2; Choi, Y. 3; Blake, D. R. 2; Blake, N. J. 2; Sachse, G. W. 3; Diskin, G. S. 1; Singh, H. B. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: University of California, Irvine, California, USA; 3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p7213; Thesaurus Term: Basins (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Fossil fuels; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Incineration; Subject Term: Carbon isotopes; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barletta, B.
AU  - Meinardi, S.
AU  - Simpson, I. J.
AU  - Atlas, E. L.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Baker, A. K.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Yang, M.
AU  - Midyett, J. R.
AU  - Novak, B. J.
AU  - McKeachie, R. J.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Rowland, F. Sherwood
AU  - Blake, D. R.
T1  - Characterization of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Asian and North American pollution plumes during INTEX-B: identification of specific Chinese air mass tracers.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 7747
EP  - 7779
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We present results from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment - Phase B (INTEX-B) aircraft mission conducted in spring 2006. By analyzing the mixing ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measured during the second part of the field campaign, together with kinematic back trajectories, we were able to identify five plumes originating from China, four plumes from other Asian regions, and three plumes from the United States. To identify specific tracers for the different air masses, we focused on characterizing the VOC composition of these different pollution plumes. The Chinese and other Asian air masses were significantly enhanced in carbonyl sulfide (OCS) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl), while all CFC replacement compounds were elevated in US plumes, particularly HCFC-134a. Although elevated mixing ratios of Halon-1211 were measured in some of the Chinese plumes, several measurements at background levels were also observed. After analyzing the VOC distribution in the Chinese pollution plumes and the correlations among selected compounds, we suggest the use of a suite of species, rather than the use of a single gas, to be used as specific tracers of Chinese air masses (namely OCS, CH3Cl, 1,2-dichloroethane, and Halon-1211). In an era of constantly changing halocarbon usage patterns, this suite of gases best reflects new emission characteristics from China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Halocarbons
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Air analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 41521676; Barletta, B. 1; Email Address: bbarlett@uci.edu; Meinardi, S. 1; Simpson, I. J. 1; Atlas, E. L. 2; Beyersdorf, A. J. 3; Baker, A. K. 4; Blake, N. J. 1; Yang, M. 1; Midyett, J. R. 1; Novak, B. J. 1; McKeachie, R. J. 1; Fuelberg, H. E. 5; Sachse, G. W. 3; Avery, M. A. 3; Campos, T. 6; Weinheimer, A. J. 6; Rowland, F. Sherwood 1; Blake, D. R. 1; Affiliations: 1: University of California, Irvine, 531 Rowland Hall, Irvine, 92697 CA, USA; 2: University of Miami, RSMAS/MAC, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, 33149 FL, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, 23681 VA, USA; 4: Max Plank Institute, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Johannes-Joachim-Becherweg 27, 55128 Mainz, Germany; 5: Florida State University, Department of Meteorology, Tallahassee Florida 32306-4520, USA; 6: NCAR, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, 80305 CO, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p7747; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: Halocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Air analysis; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - CALIPSO polar stratospheric cloud observations: second-generation detection algorithm and composition discrimination.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 8121
EP  - 8157
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This paper focuses on polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) measurements by the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar system onboard the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) spacecraft, which has been operating since June 2006. We describe a second-generation PSC detection algorithm that utilizes both the CALIOP 532-nm scattering ratio (ratio of totalto- molecular backscatter coefficients) and 532-nm perpendicular backscatter coefficient measurements for cloud detection. The inclusion of the perpendicular backscatter measurements enhances the detection of tenuous PSC mixtures containing low number densities of solid particles and leads to about a 15% increase in PSC areal coverage compared with our original algorithm. In addition, the new algorithm allows discrimination of PSCs by composition in terms of their ensemble backscatter and depolarization in a manner analogous to that used in previous ground-based and airborne lidar PSC studies. Based on theoretical optical calculations, we define four CALIPSO based composition classes which we call supercooled ternary solution (STS), ice, and Mix1 and Mix2, denoting mixtures of STS with nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles in lower or higher number densities/volumes, respectively. We examine the evolution of PSCs for three Antarctic and two Arctic seasons and illustrate the unique attributes of the CALIPSO PSC database. These analyses show substantial interannual variability in PSC areal coverage and also the well-known contrast between the Antarctic and Arctic. The CALIPSO data also reveal seasonal and altitudinal variations in Antarctic PSC composition, which are related to changes in HNO3 and H2O observed by the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Aura satellite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Solution (Chemistry)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Stratospheric circulation
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Backscattering
N1  - Accession Number: 41521686; Pitts, M. C. 1; Email Address: michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov; Poole, L. R. 2; Thomason, L. W. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, 23A Langley Blvd, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p8121; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Solution (Chemistry); Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Stratospheric circulation; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Backscattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McNaughton, C. S.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Kapustin, V.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Howell, S. G.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Winstead, E.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Scheuer, E.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Wooldridge, P.
AU  - Perring, A.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Kim, S.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Dunlea, E. J.
AU  - DeCarlo, P. F.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
T1  - Observations of heterogeneous reactions between Asian pollution and mineral dust over the Eastern North Pacific during INTEX-B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 8469
EP  - 8539
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In-situ airborne measurements of trace gases, aerosol size distributions, chemistry and optical properties were conducted over Mexico and the Eastern North Pacific during MILAGRO and INTEX-B. Heterogeneous reactions between secondary aerosol precursor gases and mineral dust during long-range transport lead to irreversible sequestration of sulfur and nitrogen compounds in the supermicrometer particulate size range. Simultaneous measurements of aerosol size distributions and weak-acid soluble calcium result in an estimate of 11 wt% of CaCO3 for Asian dust. During transport across the North Pacific, 10-30% of the CaCO3 is converted to CaSO4 or Ca(NO3)2 through reactions with trace gases. The 11-year record from the Mauna Loa Observatory confirm these findings, indicating that, on average, 16% of the CaCO3 has reacted to form CaSO4 and 14% has reacted to form Ca(NO3)2. Heterogeneous reactions resulting in ∼3% increase in dust solubility is shown to have an insignificant effect on their optical properties compared to their variability in-situ. However, competition between supermi crometer dust and submicrometer primary aerosol for condensing secondary aerosol species led to a 25% smaller number median diameter for the accumulation mode aerosol. A 10-25% reduction of accumulation mode number median diameter results in a 30-70% reduction in submicrometer light scattering at relative humidities in the 80-95% range. At 80% RH submicrometer light scattering is only reduced ∼3% due to a higher mass fraction of hydrophobic refractory components in the dust-affected accumulation mode aerosol. Thus reducing the geometric mean diameter of the submicrometer aerosol has a much larger effect on aerosol optics than changes to the hygroscopic:hydrophobic mass fractions of the aerosol. In the presence of dust, nitric acid concentrations are reduced to <50% of total nitrate (nitric acid plus particulate nitrate). NOy as a fraction of total nitrogen (NOy plus particulate nitrate), is reduced from >85% to 60-80% in the presence of dust. These observations support previous model studies which predict irreversible sequestration of reactive nitrogen species through heterogeneous reactions with mineral dust during long-range transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Calcium
KW  - Gases
KW  - Solution (Chemistry)
KW  - Light -- Scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 41521695; McNaughton, C. S. 1; Email Address: csmcnaug@hawaii.edu; Clarke, A. D. 1; Kapustin, V. 1; Shinozuka, Y. 1,2; Howell, S. G. 1; Anderson, B. E. 3; Winstead, E. 3; Dibb, J. 4; Scheuer, E. 4; Cohen, R. C. 5; Wooldridge, P. 5; Perring, A. 5; Huey, L. G. 6; Kim, S. 6; Jimenez, J. L. 7; Dunlea, E. J. 7; DeCarlo, P. F. 7,8; Wennberg, P. O. 9; Crounse, J. D. 9; Weinheimer, A. J. 10; Affiliations: 1: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23665, USA; 4: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA; 5: University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; 6: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; 7: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 8: Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland; 9: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, 80307, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p8469; Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Calcium; Thesaurus Term: Gases; Thesaurus Term: Solution (Chemistry); Subject Term: Light -- Scattering; Number of Pages: 71p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Zhou, D. K.
AU  - Larar, A. M.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Schluessel, P.
AU  - Newman, S. M.
AU  - Taylor, J. P.
AU  - Wu, W.
T1  - Retrieval of atmospheric profiles and cloud properties from IASI spectra using super-channels.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 8683
EP  - 8736
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is an ultra-spectral satellite sensor with 8461 spectral channels. IASI spectra contain high information content on atmospheric, cloud, and surface properties. The instrument presents a challenge for using thousands of spectral channels in a physical retrieval system or in a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) data assimilation system. In this paper we describe a method of simultaneously retrieving atmospheric temperature, moisture, and cloud properties using all available IASI channels without sacrificing computational speed. The essence of the method is to convert the IASI channel radiance spectra into super-channels by an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) transformation. Because the EOFs are orthogonal to each other, about 100 super-channels are adequate to capture the information content of the radiance spectra. A Principal Component-based Radiative Transfer Model (PCRTM) is used to calculate both the super-channel magnitudes and derivatives with respect to atmospheric profiles and other properties. A physical retrieval algorithm then performs an inversion of atmospheric, cloud, and surface properties in super channel domain directly therefore both reducing the computational need and preserving the information content of the IASI measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 41521702; Liu, X. 1; Email Address: xu.liu-1@nasa.gov; Zhou, D. K. 1; Larar, A. M. 1; Smith, W. L. 2; Schluessel, P. 3; Newman, S. M. 4; Taylor, J. P. 4; Wu, W. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: Hampton University, VA 23668, USA and University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 3: EUMETSAT, Am Kavalleriesand 31, 64295 Darmstadt, Germany; 4: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, UK; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p8683; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: Algorithms; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 54p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 20 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Obland, M. D.
AU  - . Cook, A. L
AU  - Harper, D. B.
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - McNaughton, C. S.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Kleinman, L. I.
T1  - NASA LaRC airborne high spectral resolution lidar aerosol measurements during MILAGRO: observations and validation.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 8817
EP  - 8856
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measures vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, backscatter, and depolarization at both 532nm and 1064 nm. In March of 2006 the HSRL participated in the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) campaign along with several other suites of instruments deployed on both aircraft and ground based platforms. This paper presents high spatial and vertical resolution HSRL measurements of aerosol extinction and optical depth from MILAGRO and comparisons of those measurements with similar measurements from other sensors and model predictions. HSRL measurements coincident with airborne in situ aerosol scattering and absorption measurements from two different instrument suites on the C-130 and G- 1 aircraft, airborne aerosol optical depth (AOD) and extinction measurements from an airborne tracking sunphotometer on the J-31 aircraft, and AOD from a network of ground based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun photometers are presented as a validation of the HSRL aerosol extinction and optical depth products. Regarding the extinction validation, we find bias differences between HSRL and these instruments to be less than 3% (0.01 km-1) at 532 nm, the wavelength at which the HSRL technique is employed. The rms differences at 532nm were less than 50% (0.015 km-1). To our knowledge this is the most comprehensive validation of the HSRL measurement of aerosol extinction and optical depth to date. The observed bias differences in ambient aerosol extinction between HSRL and other measurements is within 15-20% at visible wavelengths, found by previous studies to be the differences observed with current state-of-the-art instrumentation (Schmid et al., 2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 41521706; Rogers, R. R. 1; Email Address: raymond.r.rogers@nasa.gov; Hair, J. W. 1; Hostetler, C. A. 1; Ferrare, R. A. 1; Obland, M. D. 1; . Cook, A. L 1; Harper, D. B. 1; Burton, S. P. 2; Shinozuka, Y. 3,4; McNaughton, C. S. 3; Clarke, A. D. 3; Redemann, J. 5; Russell, P. B. 4; Livingston, J. M. 6; Kleinman, L. I. 7; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: University of Hawaii, Dept. of Oceanography, Honolulu, HI, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: BAERI/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 6: SRI International/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 7: Brookhaven National Laboratory, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p8817; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Froyd, K. D.
AU  - Murphy, D. M.
AU  - Sanford, T. J.
AU  - Thomson, D. S.
AU  - Wilson, J. C.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Lait, L.
T1  - Aerosol composition of the tropical upper troposphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 9399
EP  - 9456
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Aerosol composition was measured by the NOAA single particle mass spectrometer (PALMS) aboard the NASA WB-57 high altitude aircraft platform during two Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) campaigns based in Costa Rica in 2004 and 2006. These studies yielded the most complete set of aerosol composition measurements to date throughout the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) and tropical lower stratosphere. We describe the aerosol properties of the tropical atmosphere and use composition tracers to examine particle sources, the role of recent convection, and cirrus-forming potential in the TTL. Tropical dynamics and regional air sources played principal roles in dictating tropospheric aerosol properties. There was a sharp change in aerosol chemical composition at about 12km altitude coincident with a change in convective influence. Below this level, maritime convection lofted condensable material that generated acidic, sulfate-rich aerosol. These particles contained significant amounts of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and showed evidence of cloud processes. In contrast, continental convection injected particles and precursors directly into the TTL, yielding a population of neutralized, organic-rich aerosol. The organics were often highly oxidized and particles with oxidized organics also contained nitrate. Above the tropopause, chemical composition gradually changed toward sulfuric acid particles but neutralized particles were still abundant 2 km above the tropopause. Deep continental convection, though sporadic and geographically localized, may strongly influence TTL aerosol properties on a global scale. The abundance of organic-rich aerosol may inhibit ice nucleation and formation of tropopause level cirrus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 41521721; Froyd, K. D. 1,2; Email Address: karl.froyd@noaa.gov; Murphy, D. M. 1; Sanford, T. J. 1,2; Thomson, D. S. 1,2; Wilson, J. C. 3; Pfister, L. 4; Lait, L. 5; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: Cooperative Inst. for Res. in Environ. Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p9399; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Number of Pages: 58p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - George, M.
AU  - Clerbaux, C.
AU  - Hurtmans, D.
AU  - Turquety, S.
AU  - Coheur, P.-F.
AU  - Pommier, M.
AU  - Hadji-Lazaro, J.
AU  - Edwards, D. P.
AU  - Worden, H.
AU  - Luo, M.
AU  - Rinsland, C.
AU  - McMillan, W.
T1  - Carbon monoxide distributions from the IASI/METOP mission: evaluation with other space-borne remote sensors.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 9793
EP  - 9822
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) onboard the MetOp satellite measures carbon monoxide (CO) on a global scale, twice a day. CO total columns and vertical profiles are retrieved in near real time from the nadir radiance spectra measured by the instrument in the thermal infrared (TIR) spectral range. This paper describes the measurement vertical sensitivity of IASI. On the global scale, 0.8 to 2.4 independent pieces of information are available for the retrieval. At mid latitudes, the information ranges between 1.5 and 2, which enables the lower and upper troposphere to be distinguished, especially when thermal contrast is important. Global distributions of column CO are evaluated with correlative observations available from other nadir looking TIR missions currently in operation: the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) onboard TERRA, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) onboard AQUA and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard AURA. On the global scale and on average, total column discrepancies ranging from 10 to 15% are found for latitudes above 45° N and lower than 15° S, but can reach 30% in cases of strong CO concentrations, e.g. when fires events occur. The choice of the a priori assumptions influences the retrievals and can explain some of the observed differences. Instrument specifications of IASI versus other missions are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - Optical instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 41521730; George, M. 1; Email Address: maya.george@latmos.ipsl.fr; Clerbaux, C. 1; Hurtmans, D. 2; Turquety, S. 1,3; Coheur, P.-F. 2; Pommier, M. 1; Hadji-Lazaro, J. 1; Edwards, D. P. 4; Worden, H. 4; Luo, M. 5; Rinsland, C. 6; McMillan, W. 7; Affiliations: 1: UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS UMR8190, LATMOS/IPSL, France; 2: Spectroscopie de l'Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; 3: UPMC Université Paris 06, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; 4: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 7: Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, NOAA, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p9793; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: Optical instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 30p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Torres, O.
AU  - Veihelmann, B.
AU  - Veefkind, P.
AU  - Braak, R.
AU  - Smirnov, A.
AU  - Remer, L.
AU  - Bergstrom, R. W.
AU  - Coddington, O.
AU  - Schmidt, K. S.
AU  - Pilewskie, P.
AU  - Johnson, R.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
T1  - Comparison of aerosol optical depths from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on Aura with results from airborne sunphotometry, other space and ground measurements during MILAGRO/INTEX-B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 9961
EP  - 10013
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Airborne sunphotometer measurements are used to evaluate retrievals of extinction aerosol optical depth (AOD) from spatially coincident and temporally nearcoincident measurements by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the Aura satellite during the March 2006 Megacity Initiative-Local And Global Research Observations/Phase B of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (MILAGRO/INTEX-B). The 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS) flew on nine missions over the Gulf of Mexico and four in or near the Mexico City area. Retrievals of AOD from near-coincident AATS and OMI measurements are compared for three flights over the Gulf of Mexico for flight segments when the aircraft flew at altitudes 60-70ma.s.l., and for one flight over Mexico City when the aircraft flew ∼420-590ma.g.l. OMI-measured top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectances are routinely inverted to yield aerosol products such as AOD and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) using two different retrieval algorithms: a near-UV (OMAERUV) and a multiwavelength (OMAERO) technique. This study uses the archived Collection 3 data products from both algorithms. In particular, AATS and OMI AOD comparisons are presented for AATS data acquired in 20 OMAERUV retrieval pixels (15 over water) and 19 OMAERO pixels (also 15 over water). At least four pixels for one of the overwater coincidences and all pixels for the over-land case were cloud-free. Coincident AOD retrievals from 17 pixels of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard Aqua are available for two of the over-water flights and are shown to agree with AATS AODs to within root mean square (RMS) differences of 0.00-0.06, depending on wavelength. Near-coincident ground-based AOD measurements from ground-based sun/sky radiometers operated as part of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) at three sites in and near Mexico City are also shown and are generally consistent with the AATS AODs (which exclude any AOD below the aircraft) both in magnitude and spectral dependence. The OMAERUV algorithm retrieves AODs corresponding to a non-absorbing aerosol model for all three over-water comparisons, whereas the OMAERO algorithm retrieves best-fit AODs corresponding to an absorbing biomass-burning aerosol model for two of the three over-water cases. For the four cloud-free pixels in one over-water coincidence (10 March), the OMAERUV retrievals underestimate the AATS AODs by ∼0.20, which exceeds the expected retrieval uncertainty, but retrieved AODs agree with AATS values within uncertainties for the other two over-water events. When OMAERO retrieves AODs corresponding to a biomassburning aerosol over water, the values significantly overestimate the AATS AODs (by up to 0.55). For the Mexico City coincidence, comparisons are presented for a nonurban region ∼50-70 km northeast of the city and for a site near the center of the city. OMAERUV retrievals are consistent with AERONET AOD magnitudes for the nonurban site, but are nearly double the AATS and AERONET AODs (with differences of up to 0.29) in the center of the city. Corresponding OMAERO retrievals exceed the AATS and/or AERONET AODs by factors of 3 to 10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 41521734; Livingston, J. M. 1; Email Address: john.livingston@sri.com; Redemann, J. 2; Russell, P. B. 3; Torres, O. 4; Veihelmann, B. 5; Veefkind, P. 5; Braak, R. 5; Smirnov, A. 6,7; Remer, L. 6; Bergstrom, R. W. 2; Coddington, O. 8; Schmidt, K. S. 8; Pilewskie, P. 8; Johnson, R. 3; Zhang, Q. 2; Affiliations: 1: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI), Sonoma, CA, 95476, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; 4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA; 5: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, 20706, USA; 8: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p9961; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 53p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 13 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larar, A. M.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Zhou, D. K.
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Revercomb, H.
AU  - Taylor, J. P.
AU  - Newman, S. M.
AU  - Schlüssel, P.
T1  - IASI spectral radiance performance validation: case study assessment from the JAIVEx field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 10193
EP  - 10234
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with wellcalibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Fourier transform spectroscopy
KW  - Interferometers
N1  - Accession Number: 41521739; Larar, A. M. 1; Email Address: allen.m.larar@nasa.gov; Smith, W. L. 2,3; Zhou, D. K. 1; Liu, X. 1; Revercomb, H. 3; Taylor, J. P. 4; Newman, S. M. 4; Schlüssel, P. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 4: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, UK; 5: EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p10193; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Fourier transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: Interferometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 42p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 13 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, C.
AU  - Klooster, S.
AU  - Genovese, V.
T1  - Carbon emissions from deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon region predicted from satellite data and ecosystem modeling.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 3031
EP  - 3061
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado regions over the period 2000-2002. The NASA-CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) model estimates of annual forest production were used as the basis to generate a prediction for the standing pool of carbon in above-ground biomass (AGB; g Cm-2) for forested areas of the Brazilian Amazon region. Plot-level measurements of the residence time of carbon in wood in Amazon forest from Malhi et al. (2006) were interpolated by inverse distance weighting algorithms and used with CASA to generate a new regional map of AGB. Data from the Brazilian PRODES (Estimativa do Desflorestamento da Amazônia) project were used to map deforested areas. Results show that net primary production (NPP) sinks for carbon are highest across the eastern and northern Amazon areas, whereas deforestation sources of CO2 flux from decomposition of residual woody debris are more rapid and less seasonal in the central Amazon than in the eastern and southern areas. Increased woody debris from past deforestation events was predicted to alter the net ecosystem carbon balance of the Amazon region to generate annual CO2 source fluxes at least two times higher than previously predicted by CASA modeling studies. Variations in climate, land cover, and forest burning were predicted to release carbon at rates of 0.5 to 1Pg Cyr-1 from the Brazilian Amazon. When direct carbon emissions from forest burning of between 0.2 and 0.6 PgCyr-1 in the Legal Amazon are overlooked in regional budgets, the year-to-year variations in this net biome flux may appear to be large, whereas our model results implies net biome fluxes had actually been relatively consistent from year to year during the period 2000-2002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Cerrado ecology
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Amazon River Region
N1  - Accession Number: 71701835; Potter, C. 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Klooster, S. 2; Genovese, V. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p3031; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Cerrado ecology; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject: Amazon River Region; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis
T1  - Algae: A Panacea Crop?
JO  - Futurist
JF  - Futurist
J1  - Futurist
PY  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 29
PB  - World Future Society
SN  - 00163317
AB  - The article discusses the significance of algae. It is practical, utilizes mostly cheap and abundant resources like saltwater and wasteland, and has the ability to lessen global carbon-dioxide output tremendously. It is stated that biofuel from algae could be a direct petroleum replacement and is an extremely practical fuel source from a production standpoint. Algae are a renewable and carbon dioxide-neutral power source.
KW  - ALGAE
KW  - BIODIESEL fuels
KW  - NATURAL resources
KW  - AQUATIC resources
KW  - WASTE lands
KW  - PETROLEUM
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - MARINE algae
N1  - Accession Number: 36400456; Source Information: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p29; Subject Term: ALGAE; Subject Term: BIODIESEL fuels; Subject Term: NATURAL resources; Subject Term: AQUATIC resources; Subject Term: WASTE lands; Subject Term: PETROLEUM; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: MARINE algae; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GUOQING ZHOU
AU  - AMBROSIA, VINCE
AU  - GASIEWSKI, ALBIN J.
AU  - BLAND, GEOFF
T1  - Foreword to the Special Issue on Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) Sensing Systems for Earth Observations.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 687
EP  - 689
SN  - 01962892
AB  - This article discusses the topic of Unmanned Airborne Vehicles (UAVs) covered in the seven papers found in this issue. Five of the papers discuss UAV sensors and sensor systems.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - REMOTELY piloted vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 36932404; GUOQING ZHOU 1; AMBROSIA, VINCE 2; GASIEWSKI, ALBIN J. 3; BLAND, GEOFF 4; Affiliations: 1: Old Dominion University Norfolk, 23529 VA.; 2: NASA-Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA.; 3: NOAA-CU Center for Environmental Technology University of Colorado UCB 0425 Boulder, 80309 CO.; 4: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center Wallops Flight Facility 23337 VA.; Issue Info: Mar2009, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p687; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: REMOTELY piloted vehicles; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaoxiong Xiong
AU  - Wenny, Brian N.
AU  - Aisheng Wu
AU  - Barnes, William L.
AU  - Salomonson, Vincent V.
T1  - Aqua MODIS Thermal Emissive Band On-Orbit Calibration, Characterization, and Performance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 803
EP  - 814
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The NASA's Earth Observing System Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has continued to operate with satisfactory performance since its launch in May 2002, exceeding its nominal six-year design lifetime. Its continuous Earth observations have been used to generate many science data products for studies of the Earth's system. MODIS has 36 spectral bands: 20 reflective solar bands and 16 thermal emissive bands (TEBs). All TEB observations are made at 1-km nadir spatial resolution with spectral wavelengths from 3.7 to 14.4 μm. Primary applications of MODIS TEB include surface, cloud, and atmospheric temperatures, water vapor, and cloud top altitude. MODIS TEB on-orbit calibration uses a quadratic algorithm with its calibration coefficients derived using an on- board blackbody (BB). This paper will present Aqua MODIS TEB on-orbit calibration, characterization, and performance over its six-year mission. Examples of instrument thermal behavior, RB temperature stability, detector short-term stability, and changes in long-term response (or system gain) will be presented. Comparisons will also be made with Terra MODIS, launched in December 1999. On-orbit results show that Aqua MODIS and its focal plane temperatures have behaved normally. BB temperature has remained extremely stable with typical scan-to-scan variations of less than ±0.15 mK. Most TEB detectors continue to exceed their specified signal-to-noise ratio requirements, exhibiting excellent short-term stability and calibration accuracy. Excluding a few noisy detectors, either identified prelaunch or occurring postlaunch, on-orbit changes in TEB responses have been less than 0.5% on an annual basis. By comparison, the overall Aqua TEB performance has been better than that of Terra MODIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - BLACKBODY radiation
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Aqua
KW  - blackbody (BB)
KW  - calibration
KW  - detector
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - radiometer
KW  - thermal emissive bands (TEBs)
N1  - Accession Number: 36932414; Xiaoxiong Xiong 1; Email Address: Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov; Wenny, Brian N. 2; Email Address: brianwenny@ssaihq.com; Aisheng Wu 2; Email Address: aishengwu@ssaihq.com; Barnes, William L. 3; Salomonson, Vincent V. 3; Affiliations: 1: The Sciences and Exploration Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; 2: The Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; 3: ). W. L. Barnes is with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Balti- more, MD 21250 USA (e-mail: Williani.L.Barnes@nasa.gov). V. V. Salomonson is with the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA (e-mail: vincent.v.salomonson@nasa.gov).; Issue Info: Mar2009, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p803; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: BLACKBODY radiation; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua; Author-Supplied Keyword: blackbody (BB); Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: detector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal emissive bands (TEBs); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simons, Rainee N.
AU  - Wintucky, Edwin G.
AU  - Wilson, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Force, Dale A.
T1  - Ultra-High Power and Efficiency Space Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier Power Combiner With Reduced Size and Mass for NASA Missions.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 582
EP  - 588
SN  - 00189480
AB  - In the 2008 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society International Microwave Symposium Digest version of our paper, recent advances in high power and efficiency space traveling-wave tube amplifiers for NASA's space-to-Earth communications are presented. The RF power and efficiency of a new K-band amplifier are 40W and 50% and that of a new Ka-band amplifier are 200 Wand 60%. An important figure-of-merit, which is defined as the ratio of the RF power output to the mass (W/kg) of a traveling-wave tube (TWT), has improved by a factor of 10 over the previous generation Ka-band devices. In this paper, a high power high efficiency Ka-band combiner for multiple TWTs, based on a novel hybrid magic-T waveguide circuit design, is presented. The measured combiner efficiency is as high as 90%. In addition, at the design frequency of 32.05 GHz, error-free uncoded binary phase-shift keying/quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) data transmission at 8 Mb/s, which is typical for deep-space communications, is demonstrated. Furthermore, QPSK data transmission at 622 Mb/s is demonstrated with a low bit error rate of 2.4 x 10-8, which exceeds the deep-space state-of-the-art data rate transmission capability by more than two orders of magnitude. A potential application of the TWT combiner is in deep-space communication systems for planetary exploration requiring transmitter power on the order of a kilowatt or higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - MILLIMETER wave devices
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - LUNAR surface vehicles
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuit design
KW  - AUDIO amplifiers
KW  - Amplifiers
KW  - magic-T
KW  - microwave power amplifiers
KW  - millimeter wave power amplifiers
KW  - millimeter wave tubes
KW  - power combiner
KW  - power conditioning
KW  - satellite communication
KW  - space technology
KW  - traveling-wave tubes (TWTs)
KW  - waveguide
N1  - Accession Number: 37014641; Simons, Rainee N. 1; Email Address: Rainee.N.Simons@nasa.gov; Wintucky, Edwin G. 1; Email Address: Edwin.G.Wintucky@nasa.gov; Wilson, Jeffrey D. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.D.Wilson@nasa.gov; Force, Dale A. 1; Email Address: Dale.A.Force@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Issue Info: Mar2009, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p582; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Thesaurus Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: MILLIMETER wave devices; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: LUNAR surface vehicles; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuit design; Subject Term: AUDIO amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: magic-T; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave power amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave power amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave tubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: power combiner; Author-Supplied Keyword: power conditioning; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: space technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: traveling-wave tubes (TWTs); Author-Supplied Keyword: waveguide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2008.2012298
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lamar, John E.
T1  - Prediction of F-16XL Flight-Flow Physics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 354
EP  - 354
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This article presents information about the articles included in the special section of the "Journal of Aircraft" that is devoted to the testing of the F-16XL-1 jet aircraft and the project entitled Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project. The project dealt primarily with vortical flows using actual aircraft geometry from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The article also thanks all of the researchers, including graduate students, who participated in the project.
KW  - JET planes -- Design & construction
KW  - JET planes -- Flight testing
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 37551640; Source Information: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p354; Subject Term: JET planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: JET planes -- Flight testing; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obara, Clifford J.
AU  - Lamart, John E.
T1  - Overview of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 355
EP  - 355
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper provides a brief history of the F-16XL-1 aircraft, its role in the High-Speed Research Program, and how it was morphed into the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project. Various flight, wind-tunnel, and computational fluid dynamics data sets were generated as part of the project. These unique and open flight data sets for surface pressures, boundary-layer profiles, and skin-friction distributions, along with surface flow data, are described and sample data comparisons are given. This is followed by a description of how the project became internationally known as Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International and is concluded by an introduction to the results of a four-year computational predictive study of data collected at flight conditions by participating researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - JET planes
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 37551641; Source Information: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p355; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boelens, O. J.
AU  - Badcock, K. J.
AU  - Görtz, S.
AU  - Morton, S.
AU  - Fritz, W.
AU  - Karman, Jr, S. L.
AU  - Michal, T.
AU  - Lamar, J. E.
T1  - F-16XL Geometry and Computational Grids Used in Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 369
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The objective of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International was to allow a comprehensive validation of computational fluid dynamics methods against the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project flight database. A major part of this work involved the generation of high-quality computational grids. Before the grid generation, an airtight geometry of the F-16XL aircraft was generated by a cooperation of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International partners. Based on this geometry description, both structured and unstructured grids have been generated. The baseline structured (multiblock) grid (and a family of derived grids) has been generated by the National Aerospace Laboratory. Although the algorithms used by the National Aerospace Laboratory had become available just before the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International and thus only a limited experience with their application to such a complex configuration had been gained, a grid of good quality was generated well within four weeks. This time compared favorably with that required to produce the unstructured grids in the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International. The baseline all-tetrahedral and hybrid unstructured grids have been generated at NASA Langley Research Center and the U.S. Air Force Academy, respectively. To provide more geometrical resolution, trimmed unstructured grids have been generated at the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company's Military Air Systems, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga SimCenter, Boeing Phantom Works, Royal Institute of Technology, and the Swedish Defence Research Agency. All grids generated within the framework of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International will be discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 37551642; Source Information: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p369; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boelens, O. J.
AU  - Badcock, K. J.
AU  - Elmilgui, A.
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, K. S.
AU  - Massey, S. J.
T1  - Comparison of Measured and Block Structured Simulation Results for the F-16XL Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 377
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents a comparison of the predictions of three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes codes for flight conditions of the F-16XL aircraft that feature vortical flow. The three codes, ENSOLV, parallel multiblock, and propulsion aerodynamics branch 3-D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, solve on structured multiblock grids. Flight data for comparison were available in the form of surface pressures, skin friction, boundary-layer data, and photographs of tufts. The three codes provided predictions that were consistent with expectations based on the turbulence modelling used, which was k-ϵ, k-ω with vortex corrections, and an algebraic stress model. The agreement with flight data was good, with the exception of the outer wing primary vortex strength. The confidence in the application of the computational fluid dynamics codes to complex fighter configurations increased significantly through this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - VORTEX generators
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 37551643; Source Information: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p377; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Görtz, Stefan
AU  - Jirásek, A.
AU  - Morton, Scott. A.
AU  - McDaniel, David R.
AU  - Cummings, Russell M.
AU  - Lamar, John E.
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
T1  - Standard Unstructured Grid Solutions for Cranked Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International F-16XL.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 385
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Steady and unsteady viscous flow simulations of a full-scale, semispan, and full-span model of the F-16XL-1 aircraft are performed with three different computational fluid dynamics codes using a common unstructured grid. Six different flight conditions are considered. They represent Reynolds and Mach number combinations at subsonic speeds, with and without sideslip. The steady computations of the flow at these flight conditions are made with several Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes turbulence models of different complexity. Detached-eddy simulation, delayed detached-eddy simulation, and an algebraic hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes/large-eddy simulation model are used to quantify unsteady effects at the same flight conditions. The computed results are compared with flight-test data in the form of surface pressures, skin friction, and boundary-layer velocity profiles. The focus of the comparison is on turbulence modeling effects and effects of unsteadiness. The overall agreement with flight data is good, with no clear trend as to which physical modeling approach is superior for this class of flow. The Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes turbulence models perform well in predicting the flow in an average sense. However, some of the flow conditions involve locally unsteady flow over the aircraft, which are held responsible for the scatter between the different turbulence modeling approaches. The detached-eddy simulations are able to quantify the unsteady effects, although they are not consistently better than the Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes turbulence models in predicting the flow in an average sense in these flow regions. Detached-eddy simulation fails to predict boundary-layer profiles consistently over a range of flow regimes, with delayed detached-eddy simulation and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes/large-eddy simulation models offering a remedy to recover some of the predictive capabilities of the underlying Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes turbulence model. Nonetheless, the confidence in the predictive capabilities of the computational fluid dynamics codes with regard to complex vortical flowfields around high-performance aircraft of this planform increased significantly during this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - UNSTEADY viscous flow
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 37551644; Source Information: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p385; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: UNSTEADY viscous flow; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rizzi, Arthur
AU  - Jirásek, Adam
AU  - Lamar, John E.
AU  - Crippa, Simone
AU  - Badcock, Kenneth J.
AU  - Boelens, Okko J.
T1  - Lessons Learned from Numerical Simulations of the F-16XL Aircraft at Flight Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 423
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Nine organizations participated in the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International study and have contributed steady and unsteady viscous simulations of a full-scale semispan model of the F-16XL aircraft. Three different categories of flight Reynolds/Mach number combinations are computed and compared with flight-test measurements for the purpose of code validation and improved understanding of the flight physics. Steady-state simulations are done with several turbulence models (of different complexity, with no topology information required) that overcome Boussinesq-assumption problems in vortical flows. Detached-eddy simulation and its successor, delayed detached-eddy simulation, are used to compute the time-accurate flow development. Common structured and unstructured grids as well as individually adapted unstructured grids were used. Although discrepancies are observed in the comparisons, overall reasonable agreement is demonstrated for surface pressure distribution, local skin friction, and boundary velocity profiles at subsonic speeds. The physical modeling, be it steady or unsteady flow, and the grid resolution both contribute to the discrepancies observed in the comparisons with flight data, but at this time, how much each part contributes to the whole cannot be determined. Overall, it can be said that the technology readiness of computational fluid dynamics simulation technology for the study of vehicle performance has matured since 2001, such that it can be used today with a reasonable level of confidence for complex configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SKIN friction (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 37551646; Source Information: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p423; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SKIN friction (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paoli, Roberto
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - Turbulent Condensation of Droplets: Direct Simulation and a Stochastic Model.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 66
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 723
EP  - 740
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The effect of turbulent mixing on droplet condensation is studied via direct numerical simulations of a population of droplets in a periodic box of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Each droplet is tracked as a fluid particle whose radius grows by condensation of water vapor. Forcing of the small wavenumbers is used to sustain velocity, vapor, and temperature fluctuations. Temperature and vapor fluctuations lead to supersaturation fluctuations, which are responsible for broadening the droplet size distribution in qualitative agreement with in situ measurements. A model for the condensation of a population of cloud droplets in a homogeneous turbulent flow is presented. The model consists of a set of Langevin (stochastic) equations for the droplet area, supersaturation, and temperature surrounding the droplets. These equations yield corresponding ordinary differential equations for various moments and correlations. The statistics predicted by the model, for instance, the droplet area–supersaturation correlation, reproduce the simulations well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Condensation (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Turbulence
KW  - Langevin equations
KW  - Differential equations
KW  - Stochastic models
N1  - Accession Number: 37212716; Paoli, Roberto 1; Email Address: paoli@cerfacs.fr; Shariff, Karim 2; Affiliations: 1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, and European Centre for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation, Toulouse, France; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Mar2009, Vol. 66 Issue 3, p723; Thesaurus Term: Condensation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Subject Term: Turbulence; Subject Term: Langevin equations; Subject Term: Differential equations; Subject Term: Stochastic models; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAS2734.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bleier, T.
AU  - Dunson, C.
AU  - Maniscalco, M.
AU  - Bryant, N.
AU  - Bambery, R.
AU  - Freund, F.
T1  - Investigation of ULF magnetic pulsations, air conductivity changes, and infra red signatures associated with the 30 October Alum Rock M5.4 earthquake.
JO  - Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences
JF  - Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 585
EP  - 603
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 15618633
AB  - Several electromagnetic signal types were observed prior to and immediately after 30 October 2007 (Local Time) M5.4 earthquake at Alum Rock, Ca with an epicenter ∼15 km NE of San Jose Ca. The area where this event occurred had been monitored since November 2005 by a QuakeFinder magnetometer site, unit 609, 2 km from the epicenter. This instrument is one of 53 stations of the QuakeFinder (QF) California Magnetometer Network- CalMagNet. This station included an ultra low frequency (ULF) 3-axis induction magnetometer, a simple air conductivity sensor to measure relative airborne ion concentrations, and a geophone to identify the arrival of the P-wave from an earthquake. Similar in frequency content to the increased ULF activity reported two weeks prior to the Loma Prieta M7.0 quake in 1989 (Fraser-Smith, 1990, 1991), the QF station detected activity in the 0.01-12 Hz bands, but it consisted of an increasing number of short duration (1 to 30 s duration) pulsations. The pulsations peaked around 13 days prior to the event. The amplitudes of the pulses were strong, (3-20 nT), compared to the average ambient noise at the site, (10-250 pT), which included a component arising from the Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) operations. The QF station also detected different pulse shapes, e.g. negative or positive only polarity, with some pulses including a combination of positive and negative. Typical pulse counts over the previous year ranged from 0-15 per day, while the count rose to 176 (east-west channel) on 17 October, 13 days prior to the quake. The air conductivity sensor saturated for over 14 h during the night and morning prior to the quake, which occurred at 20:29 LT. Anomalous IR signatures were also observed in the general area, within 50 km of the epicenter, during the 2 weeks prior to the quake. These three simultaneous EM phenomena were compared with data collected over a 1-2-year period at the site. The data was also compared against accounts of air ionization reported to be associated with radon emission from the ground (Ouzounov, 2007), and a series of laboratory rock stressing experiments (Freund, 2006, 2007a, b, c) to determine if field data was consistent either of these accounts. We could not find a data set with preearthquake radon measurements taken near the Alum Rock epicenter to compare against our field data. However, based on the Alum Rock data set example and another data set at Parkfield, the field tests are at least consistent with the lab experiments showing currents, magnetic field disturbances, air conductivity changes, and IR signatures. This is encouraging, but more instrumented earthquake examples are needed to prove a repeating pattern for these types of pre-earthquake EM signatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stellar oscillations
KW  - Infrared astronomy
KW  - Alunite
KW  - Electromagnetic compatibility
KW  - Magnetometers
KW  - San Jose (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 41530045; Bleier, T. 1; Email Address: tbleier@quakefinder.com; Dunson, C. 1; Maniscalco, M. 1; Bryant, N. 2; Bambery, R. 2; Freund, F. 3; Affiliations: 1: QuakeFinder Inc., Palo Alto, California 94306, USA; 2: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p585; Subject Term: Stellar oscillations; Subject Term: Infrared astronomy; Subject Term: Alunite; Subject Term: Electromagnetic compatibility; Subject Term: Magnetometers; Subject: San Jose (Calif.); Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Rodríguez, Alexis P.
AU  - Fink, Wolfgang
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Uceda, Esther R.
AU  - Furfaro, Roberto
AU  - Amils, Ricardo
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Evidence for Amazonian acidic liquid water on Mars—A reinterpretation of MER mission results
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 276
EP  - 287
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions have confirmed aqueous activity on Mars. Here we review the analyses of the field-based MER data, and conclude that some weathering processes in Meridiani Planum and Gusev crater are better explained by late diagenetic water-rock interactions than by early diagenesis only. At Meridiani, the discovery of jarosite by MER-1 Opportunity indicates acidic aqueous activity, evaporation, and desiccation of rock materials. MER-based information, placed into the context of published data, point to local and limited aqueous activity during geologically recent times in Meridiani. Pre-Amazonian environmental changes (including important variations in the near-surface groundwater reservoirs, impact cratering, and global dust storms and other pervasive wind-related erosion) are too extreme for pulverulent jarosite to survive over extended time periods, and therefore we argue instead that jarosite deposits must have formed in a climatically more stable period. Any deposits of pre-existent concretionary jarosite surviving up to the Amazonian would not have reached completion in the highly saline and acidic brines occurring at Meridiani. MER-2 Spirit has also revealed evidence for local and limited Amazonian aqueous environmental conditions in Gusev crater, including chemical weathering leading to goethite and hematite precipitation, rock layering, and chemical enhancement of Cl, S, Br, and oxidized iron in rocks and soils. The estimated relative age of the impact crater materials in Gusev indicates that these processes have taken place during the last 2 billion years. We conclude that minor amounts of shallow acidic liquid water have been present on the surface of Mars at local scales during the Amazonian Period. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chemical weathering
KW  - WATER
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Amazonian
KW  - Gusev crater
KW  - Liquid water
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars Exploration Rovers
KW  - Meridiani Planum
N1  - Accession Number: 36899724; Fairén, Alberto G. 1; Email Address: afairen@arc.nasa.gov; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 2; Rodríguez, Alexis P. 3; Fink, Wolfgang 4; Davila, Alfonso F. 1; Uceda, Esther R. 5; Furfaro, Roberto 6; Amils, Ricardo 7; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; 3: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 4: California Institute of Technology, Visual and Autonomous Exploration Systems Research Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 7: Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC–INTA). 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; Issue Info: Mar2009, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p276; Thesaurus Term: Chemical weathering; Thesaurus Term: WATER; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazonian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gusev crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Exploration Rovers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meridiani Planum; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.11.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Backman, Dana
AU  - Hoette, Vivian
T1  - Idea Bank.
JO  - Science Teacher
JF  - Science Teacher
J1  - Science Teacher
PY  - 2009/03//
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 67
SN  - 00368555
AB  - The article presents information on two educational sources that are designed to allow student who are vision or hearing impaired greater access to astronomy and the physical sciences. The Space Exploration and Experience Project and the Yerkes Astrophysics Academy for Young Scientists, both run out of the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory are intended to increase participation in the 2009 International Year of Astronomy experience among students with vision or hearing disabilities.
KW  - PEOPLE with disabilities -- Education
KW  - ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences -- Study & teaching
KW  - HEARING impaired
KW  - DEAF students
KW  - BLIND -- Education
N1  - Accession Number: 36934924; Source Information: Mar2009, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p64; Subject Term: PEOPLE with disabilities -- Education; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: HEARING impaired; Subject Term: DEAF students; Subject Term: BLIND -- Education; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 4p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frank, Daniel N.
AU  - Wysocki, Annette
AU  - Specht-Glick, Dee Dee
AU  - Rooney, Alejandro
AU  - Feldman, Robert A.
AU  - St. Amand, Allison L.
AU  - Pace, Norman R.
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - Microbial diversity in chronic open wounds.
JO  - Wound Repair & Regeneration
JF  - Wound Repair & Regeneration
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 172
SN  - 10671927
AB  - Chronic wounds expose the dermal matrix and underlying tissue to a diversity of microbes from the body and surrounding environment. We determined the microbial diversity of 19 chronic wounds using both molecular methods (sequence analysis of rRNA genes) and routine clinical culturing methods using swab samples. We identified 93 phylotypes in 2,653 rRNA clone sequences and found that compared with other environments, the microbial diversity of chronic wounds is relatively well characterized, i.e., 95% of sequences have ≥97% identity with known human commensals. In total, 75% of sequences belonged to four well-known wound-associated phylotypes: Staphylococcus (25%), Corynebacterium (20%), Clostridiales (18%), and Pseudomonas (12%). Approximately 0.5% of sequences (seven phylotypes) belonged to potentially new species. Individual wound samples contained four to 22 phylotypes, but in all wounds only a few (one to three) phylotypes were dominant. In more than half the wound specimens, polymerase chain reaction and culturing methods gave different diversity and dominance information about the microbes present. This exploratory study suggests that combining molecular and culturing methods provides a more complete characterization of the microbial diversity of chronic wounds, and can thereby expand our understanding of how microbiology impacts chronic wound pathology and healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Wound Repair & Regeneration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WOUNDS & injuries -- Microbiology
KW  - MICROBIAL diversity
KW  - STAPHYLOCOCCUS
KW  - CORYNEBACTERIUM
KW  - CLOSTRIDIUM
KW  - PSEUDOMONAS
N1  - Accession Number: 36923014; Frank, Daniel N. 1,2; Wysocki, Annette 3,4; Specht-Glick, Dee Dee 5; Rooney, Alejandro 6; Feldman, Robert A. 7; St. Amand, Allison L. 1; Pace, Norman R. 1; Trent, Jonathan D. 8; Email Address: jtrent@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Source Information: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p163; Subject: WOUNDS & injuries -- Microbiology; Subject: MICROBIAL diversity; Subject: STAPHYLOCOCCUS; Subject: CORYNEBACTERIUM; Subject: CLOSTRIDIUM; Subject: PSEUDOMONAS; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2009.00472.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shim, Changsub
AU  - Li, Qinbin
AU  - Luo, Ming
AU  - Kulawik, Susan
AU  - Worden, Helen
AU  - Worden, John
AU  - Eldering, Annmarie
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Sachse, Glen
AU  - Weinheimer, Andy
AU  - Knapp, David
AU  - Montzca, Deedee
AU  - Campos, Teresa
T1  - Satellite observations of Mexico City pollution outflow from the Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES)
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2009/03/11/
VL  - 43
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1540
EP  - 1547
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Concurrent tropospheric O3 and CO vertical profiles from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) during the MILAGRO/INTEX-B aircraft campaigns over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and its surrounding regions were used to examine Mexico City pollution outflow on a regional scale. The pollution outflow from the MCMA occurred predominantly at 600–800hPa as evident in O3, CO, and NO x enhancements in the in situ aircraft observations. TES O3 and CO are sensitive to the MCMA pollution outflow due to their relatively high sensitivities at 600–800hPa. We examined O3, CO, and their correlation at 600–800hPa from TES retrievals, aircraft measurements, and GEOS-Chem model results. TES captures much of the spatial and day-to-day variability of O3 seen in the in situ data. TES CO, however, shows much less spatial and day-to-day variability compared with the in situ observations. The ΔO3/ΔCO slope is significantly higher in the TES data (0.43) than the in situ data (0.28) due partly to the lack of variability in TES CO. Extraordinarily high ΔO3/ΔCO slope (0.81) from TES observations at 618hPa over the Eastern U.S. was previously reported by Zhang et al. [Zhang, L., Jacob, D.J., Bowman, K.W., et al., 2006. Ozone–CO correlations determined by the TES satellite instrument in continental outflow regions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L18804. 10.1029/2006GL026399.]. Thus the application of TES CO–O3 correlation to map continental pollution outflow needs further examination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Pollution -- Research
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Nitrous oxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Emission spectroscopy
KW  - Ozone -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Carbon monoxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
KW  - INTEX-B
KW  - Mega-city pollution
KW  - Mexico city
KW  - O3–CO correlation
KW  - TES
N1  - Accession Number: 36398653; Shim, Changsub 1; Email Address: cshim@jpl.nasa.gov; Li, Qinbin 1,2; Luo, Ming 1; Kulawik, Susan 1; Worden, Helen 3; Worden, John 1; Eldering, Annmarie 1; Diskin, Glenn 4; Sachse, Glen 4; Weinheimer, Andy 3; Knapp, David 3; Montzca, Deedee 3; Campos, Teresa 3; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2009, Vol. 43 Issue 8, p1540; Thesaurus Term: Urban pollution; Thesaurus Term: Pollution -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Nitrous oxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Emission spectroscopy; Subject Term: Ozone -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Carbon monoxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Mexico City (Mexico) -- Environmental conditions; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; Author-Supplied Keyword: INTEX-B; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mega-city pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mexico city; Author-Supplied Keyword: O3–CO correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: TES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou, D. K.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Larar, A. M.
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Taylor, J. P.
AU  - P. Schlüssel
AU  - Strow, L. L.
AU  - Mango, S. A.
T1  - All weather IASI single field-of-view retrievals: case study --validation with JAIVEx data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/03/15/
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2241
EP  - 2255
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Atmospheric thermodynamic parameters, such as atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, cloud optical/ microphysical properties, and surface properties are basic meteorological variables for weather forecasting. In addition, they are critical parameters in tropospheric chemistry studies. A physical, geophysical parameter retrieval scheme dealing with cloudy and cloud-free radiances observed with satellite ultraspectral infrared sounders has been developed to determine simultaneously surface, atmospheric thermodynamic, and cloud microphysical parameters. A one-dimensional variational (1-D Var.) multivariable inverse solution of the radiative transfer equation is used to iteratively improve a background state defined by eigenvector regression. This algorithm has been applied to data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the EUMETSAT Metop-A satellite. The IASI retrieved parameters presented herein are from radiance data gathered during the Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx). JAIVEx provided intensive aircraft observations obtained from airborne Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) systems, such as the NPOESS Airborne Sounder Testbed - Interferometer (NAST-I), in-situ measurements, and dedicated dropsonde and radiosonde measurements for the validation of the IASI products. Here, IASI atmospheric profile retrievals are compared with those obtained from dedicated dropsondes, radiosondes, and the airborne FTS system. The IASI examples presented here demonstrate the ability to retrieve fine-scale horizontal features with high vertical resolution from satellite ultraspectral sounder radiance spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Spectrometers
N1  - Accession Number: 37583890; Zhou, D. K. 1; Email Address: daniel.k.zhou@nasa.gov; Smith, W. L. 2,3; Larar, A. M. 1; Liu, X. 1; Taylor, J. P. 4; P. Schlüssel 5; Strow, L. L. 6; Mango, S. A. 7; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 4: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, UK; 5: EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany; 6: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 7: NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p2241; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Spectrometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 14 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SCOTT C. HERNDON
AU  - WOOD, EZRA C.
AU  - NORTHWAY, MEGAN J.
AU  - MIAKE-LYE, RICHARD
AU  - THORNHILL, LEE
AU  - BEYERSDORF, ANDREAS
AU  - ANDERSON, BRUCE E.
AU  - DOWLIN, RENEE
AU  - DODDS, WILLARD
AU  - KNIGHTON, W. BERK
T1  - Aircraft Hydrocarbon Emissions at Oakland International Airport.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2009/03/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1730
EP  - 1736
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - To help airports improve emission inventory data, speciated hydrocarbon emission indices have been measured from in-use commercial, airfreight and general aviation aircraft at Oakland International Airport. The compounds reported here include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethene, propene, and benzene. At idle, the magnitude of hydrocarbon emission indices was variable and reflected differences in engine technology, actual throttle setting, and ambient temperature. Scaling the measured emission indices to the simultaneously measured formaldehyde (HCHO) emission index eliminated most of the observed variability. This result supports a uniform hydrocarbon emissions profile across engine types when the engine is operating near idle, which can greatly simplify how speciated hydrocarbons are handled in emission inventories. The magnitude of the measured hydrocarbon emission index observed in these measurements (ambient temperature range 12-22 °C) is a factor of 1.5-2.2 times larger than the certification benchmarks. Using estimates of operational fuel flow rates at idle, this analysis suggests that current emission inventories at the temperatures encountered at this airport underestimate hydrocarbon emissions from the idle phase of operation by 16-45%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emission inventories
KW  - Airports -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - Benzene
KW  - Airplanes -- Environmental aspects
KW  - FUEL
KW  - Jet planes
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 37132419; SCOTT C. HERNDON 1; Email Address: herndon@aerodyne.com; WOOD, EZRA C. 1; NORTHWAY, MEGAN J. 1; MIAKE-LYE, RICHARD 1; THORNHILL, LEE 2; BEYERSDORF, ANDREAS 2; ANDERSON, BRUCE E. 2; DOWLIN, RENEE 3; DODDS, WILLARD 4; KNIGHTON, W. BERK 5; Affiliations: 1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts.; 2: NASA Langley Research Center.; 3: Port of Portland, Portland, Oregon.; 4: General Electric Aviation, Cincinnati, Ohio.; 5: Montana State University.; Issue Info: 3/15/2009, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1730; Thesaurus Term: Emission inventories; Thesaurus Term: Airports -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Formaldehyde; Thesaurus Term: Benzene; Thesaurus Term: Airplanes -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: FUEL; Subject Term: Jet planes; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reysenbach, Anna-Louise
AU  - Hamamura, N.
AU  - Podar, M.
AU  - Griffiths, E.
AU  - Ferreira, S.
AU  - Hochstein, R.
AU  - Heidelberg, J.
AU  - Johnson, J.
AU  - Mead, D.
AU  - Pohorille, A.
AU  - Sarmiento, M.
AU  - Schweighofer, K.
AU  - Seshadri, R.
AU  - Voytek, M. A.
T1  - Complete and Draft Genome Sequences of Six Members of the Aquificales.
JO  - Journal of Bacteriology
JF  - Journal of Bacteriology
Y1  - 2009/03/15/
VL  - 191
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1992
EP  - 1993
SN  - 00219193
AB  - The Aquificales are widespread in marine and terrestrial hydrothermal environments. Here, we report the complete and draft genome sequences of six new members of the Aquificales: two marine species, Persephonella marina strain EX-H1 and Hydrogenivirga strain 128-5-R1 (from the East Pacific Rise, 9°50.3′N, 104°17.5′W, and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, 176°11.5′W, 20°45.8′S, respectively), and four terrestrial isolates, Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense strain Az-Fu1, Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense strain SS-5, and Sulfurihydrogenibium strain Y03AOP1 (from Furnas, Azores, Portugal, and Calcite Springs and Obsidian Pool in Yellowstone National Park, United States, respectively), and the only thermoacidophilic isolate, Hydrogenobaculum strain Y04AAS1 (from a stream adjacent to Obsidian Pool). Significant differences among the different species exist that include nitrogen metabolism, hydrogen utilization, chemotaxis, and signal transduction, providing insights into their ecological niche adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Bacteriology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial mutation
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Nucleotide sequence
KW  - Cellular signal transduction
KW  - Microbial genetics
KW  - Genetic transformation
N1  - Accession Number: 37014768; Reysenbach, Anna-Louise 1; Email Address: reysenbacha@pdx.edu; Hamamura, N. 1; Podar, M. 2; Griffiths, E. 3; Ferreira, S. 4; Hochstein, R. 5; Heidelberg, J. 6; Johnson, J. 4; Mead, D. 7; Pohorille, A. 8; Sarmiento, M. 4; Schweighofer, K. 9; Seshadri, R. 10; Voytek, M. A. 11; Affiliations: 1: Biology Department, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201; 2: Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6164; 3: Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; 4: J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850; 5: Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59715; 6: Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, P.O. Box 5069, Avalon, California 90704-5069; 7: Lucigen Corp., 2120 W. Greenview Dr., Middleton, Wisconsin 53562; 8: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94025; 9: Affymetrix Corporation, 3420 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051; 10: Synthetic Genomics, Inc., 11149 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037; 11: U.S. Geological Survey, 430 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192; Issue Info: Mar2009, Vol. 191 Issue 6, p1992; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mutation; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Subject Term: Nucleotide sequence; Subject Term: Cellular signal transduction; Subject Term: Microbial genetics; Subject Term: Genetic transformation; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/JB.01645-08
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105498918
T1  - Vitamin D supplementation during Antarctic winter.
AU  - Smith SM
AU  - Gardner KK
AU  - Locke J
AU  - Zwart SR
Y1  - 2009/04//
N1  - Accession Number: 105498918. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090417. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; clinical trial; research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Nutrition. NLM UID: 0376027. 
KW  - Diet
KW  - Diphosphonates -- Administration and Dosage
KW  - Sunlight
KW  - Vitamin D -- Administration and Dosage
KW  - Vitamin D
KW  - Adult
KW  - Antarctic Regions
KW  - Dietary Supplements
KW  - Diphosphonates
KW  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
KW  - Double-Blind Studies
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Vitamin D Deficiency -- Blood
KW  - Vitamin D Deficiency -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Human
SP  - 1092
EP  - 1098
JO  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JA  - AM J CLIN NUTR
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
CY  - Bethesda, Maryland
PB  - American Society for Nutrition
AB  - BACKGROUND: Persons with limited exposure to ultraviolet B light, including space travelers, may not receive enough vitamin D. Recent studies indicate that optimal serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] should be > or = 80 nmol/L. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 doses of vitamin D to raise and maintain 25(OH)D to a concentration >80 nmol/L in persons with limited ultraviolet B light exposure. DESIGN: This was a 5-mo, prospective, randomized, double-blind study of vitamin D supplementation. It was conducted during winter in Antarctica at the McMurdo Station, when ultraviolet B radiation levels are essentially zero. The 55 subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups for vitamin D supplementation: 2000 IU/d (n = 18), 1000 IU/d (n = 19), and 400 IU/d (n = 18). An additional 7 subjects did not take supplements or took supplements of their own choosing. Blood samples were collected about every 2 mo during the winter. RESULTS: About 5 mo after supplementation started, 25(OH)D increased to 71 +/- 23 nmol/L in the 2000-IU/d group, 63 +/- 25 nmol/L in the 1000-IU/d group, and 57 +/- 15 nmol/L in the 400-IU/d group and decreased to 34 +/- 12 nmol/L in the group not taking supplements. CONCLUSIONS: These data will enable us to provide space crews with evidence-based recommendations for vitamin D supplementation. The findings also have implications for other persons with limited ultraviolet light exposure, including polar workers and the elderly. Copyright © 2009 American Society for Nutrition
SN  - 0002-9165
AD  - Space Life Sciences Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. scott.m.smith@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 19225122.
DO  - 10.3945/ajcn.2008.27189
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blum, Jodi Switzer
AU  - Han, Sukkyun
AU  - Lanoil, Brian
AU  - Saltikov, Chad
AU  - Witte, Brian
AU  - Tabita, F. Robert
AU  - Langley, Sean
AU  - Beveridge, Terry J.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda
AU  - Oremland, Ronald S.
T1  - Ecophysiology of "Halarsenatibacter silvermanii" Strain SLAS-1T, gen. nov., sp. nov., a Facultative Chemoautotrophic Arsenate Respirer from Salt-Saturated Searles Lake, California.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 75
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1950
EP  - 1960
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Searles Lake occupies a closed basin harboring salt-saturated, alkaline brines that have exceptionally high concentrations of arsenic oxyanions. Strain SLAS-1T was previously isolated from Searles Lake (R. S. Orem. land, T. R. KuIp, J. Switzer Blum, S. E. Hoeft, S. Baesman, L. G. Miller, and J. F. Stolz, Science 308:1305-1308, 2005). We now describe this extremophile with regard to its substrate affinities, its unusual mode of motility, sequenced arrABD gene cluster, cell envelope lipids, and its phylogenetic alignment within the order Halanaero- bacteriales, assigning it the name "Halarsenatibacter silvermanii" strain SLAS-1T. We also report on the substrate dynamics of an anaerobic enrichment culture obtained from Seárles Lake that grows under condi- tions of salt saturation and whose members include a novel sulfate reducer of the order Desulfovibriales, the archaeon Halorhabdus utahensis, as well as a close homolog of strain SLAS-1T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ecophysiology
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Bacterial ecology
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Chemoautotrophic bacteria
KW  - Arsenates
N1  - Accession Number: 38510189; Blum, Jodi Switzer 1; Han, Sukkyun 2; Lanoil, Brian 3; Saltikov, Chad 4; Witte, Brian 5; Tabita, F. Robert 5; Langley, Sean 6; Beveridge, Terry J. 7; Jahnke, Linda 8; Oremland, Ronald S. 1; Email Address: roremlan@usgs.gov; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025; 2: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 925212; 3: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada; 4: Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064; 5: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; 6: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontano K1N 6N5, Canada; 7: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 75 Issue 7, p1950; Thesaurus Term: Ecophysiology; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Subject Term: Chemoautotrophic bacteria; Subject Term: Arsenates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02614-08
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, James R.
AU  - Gaskins, Tom
T1  - Computations on an Ellipsoid for GIS.
JO  - Computer-Aided Design & Applications
JF  - Computer-Aided Design & Applications
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 575
EP  - 583
SN  - 16864360
AB  - We describe several challenging issues related to virtual globe manipulations for GIS that highlight the important interplay between geometric modeling and scientific visualization. We begin by motivating and describing a globe tessellation algorithm designed to avoid singularities at the poles, then discuss other uses of the tessellation that enable certain types of shape modeling on the surface of the virtual globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computer-Aided Design & Applications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - QUADRICS
KW  - SURFACES (Geometry)
KW  - SPHEROIDAL functions
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - ELLIPSOIDS
KW  - analysis and visualization
KW  - level of detail modeling
KW  - Web-based retrieval
N1  - Accession Number: 43517285; Miller, James R. 1; Email Address: jrmiller@ku.edu; Gaskins, Tom 2; Email Address: tom@tomgaskins.com; Affiliations: 1: University of Kansas; 2: NASA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p575; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: QUADRICS; Subject Term: SURFACES (Geometry); Subject Term: SPHEROIDAL functions; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ELLIPSOIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: analysis and visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: level of detail modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Web-based retrieval; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 13 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3722/cadaps.2009.575-583
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dillon, Jesse G.
AU  - Miller, Scott
AU  - Bebout, Brad
AU  - Hullar, Meredith
AU  - Pinel, Nicolás
AU  - Stahl, David A.
T1  - Spatial and temporal variability in a stratified hypersaline microbial mat community.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 68
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 58
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 01686496
AB  - Hypersaline microbial mat communities have recently been shown to be more diverse than once thought. The variability in community composition of hypersaline mats, both in terms of spatial and temporal dimensions, is still poorly understood. Because this information is essential to understanding the complex biotic and abiotic interactions within these communities, terminal restriction fragment analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to characterize the near-surface community of a hypersaline microbial mat in Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Core samples were analyzed to assay community variability over large regional scales (centimeter to kilometer) and to track depth-related changes in population distribution at 250-μm intervals over a diel period. Significant changes in total species diversity were observed at increasing distances across the mat surface; however, key species (e.g. Microcoleus sp.) were identified throughout the mat. The vertical position and abundance of >50% of the 60 peaks detected varied dramatically over a diel cycle, including Beggiatoa sp., cyanobacteria, Chloroflexus sp., Halochromatium sp., Bacteroidetes sp. and several as-yet-identified bacteria. Many of these migrations correlated strongly with diel changes in redox conditions within the mat, contributing to strong day–night community structure differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Cell migration
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Baja California Sur (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - Guerrero Negro
KW  - hypersaline
KW  - microbial mat
KW  - migration
KW  - T-RFLP
N1  - Accession Number: 36816743; Dillon, Jesse G. 1; Email Address: jdillon@csulb.edu; Miller, Scott 2; Bebout, Brad 3; Hullar, Meredith 4; Pinel, Nicolás 1; Stahl, David A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology & NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 2: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 68 Issue 1, p46; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: Restriction fragment length polymorphisms; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Cell migration; Subject Term: Cyanobacteria; Subject: Baja California Sur (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guerrero Negro; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypersaline; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial mat; Author-Supplied Keyword: migration; Author-Supplied Keyword: T-RFLP; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00647.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kennedy, Timothy F.
AU  - Fink, Patrick W.
AU  - Chu, Andrew W.
AU  - Champagne II, Nathan J.
AU  - Lin, Gregory Y.
AU  - Khayat, Michael A.
T1  - Body-Worn E-Textile Antennas: The Good, the Low-Mass, and the Conformal.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2009/04//
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 910
EP  - 918
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Support of ever increasing applications for wireless data and communications on a body-centric platform requires novel antenna systems that can be integrated with the body-worn environment, while maintaining free-range of movement and minimal mass impact. E-textile antennas show great promise due to their ease of integration with other textile materials, and they are inherently low-mass and flexible relative to conventional antenna materials. Much attention has been given recently to multiple-antenna communication systems due to the increased performance compared to conventional single-antenna systems. For body-centric applications, the low-mass, flexibility, and integration simplicity of e-textile antennas can enable multiple-antenna systems, which otherwise would be precluded by the rigidity and mass of conventional antenna materials. Several examples of this are considered here with e-textile antennas in an array environment. A conventional microstrip array constructed with e-textiles is shown to have robust performance with moderate amounts of bending, similar to that which might be seen with body-worn arrays. In addition to the conventional array, a wide-band multiple-antenna system to support a variety of wireless communication protocols, while maintaining polarization diversity and excellent coverage over a majority of the radian sphere is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - TEXTILE industry
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves
KW  - INDUCED polarization
N1  - Accession Number: 39060520; Source Information: Apr2009, Vol. 57 Issue 4, p910; Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: TEXTILE industry; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: INDUCED polarization; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 20 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2014602
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolff, Ran
AU  - Bhaduri, Kanishka
AU  - Kargupta, Hillol
T1  - A Generic Local Algorithm for Mining Data Streams in Large Distributed Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
PY  - 2009/04//
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 465
EP  - 478
SN  - 10414347
AB  - In a large network of computers or wireless sensors, each of the components (henceforth, peers) has some data about the global state of the system. Much of the system's functionality such as message routing, information retrieval, and load sharing relies on modeling the global state. We refer to the outcome of the function (e.g., the load experienced by each peer) as the model of the system. Since the state of the system is constantly changing, it is necessary to keep the models up to date. Computing global data mining models, e.g., decision trees, κ-means clustering in large distributed systems may be very costly due to the scale of the system and due to communication cost, which may be high. The cost further increases in a dynamic scenario when the data changes rapidly. In this paper, we describe a two-step approach for dealing with these costs. First, we describe a highly efficient local algorithm that can be used to monitor a wide class of data mining models. Then, we use this algorithm as a feedback loop for the monitoring of complex functions of the data such as its κ-means clustering. The theoretical claims are corroborated with a thorough experimental analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NETWORK computers
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 37146026; Source Information: Apr2009, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p465; Subject Term: NETWORK computers; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TKDE.2008.169
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
AU  - Swanson, R. C.
T1  - Turbulence modelling for active flow control applications.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2009/04//Apr/May2009
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 317
EP  - 326
SN  - 10618562
AB  - Steady and unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations are commonly performed for active flow control applications. This article reviews several recent results, and describes both numerics and physics-related issues. Specific turbulence modelling needs are pointed out that must be addressed in order for RANS to remain competitive with eddy-resolving simulations for flow control applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Navier-Stokes equations
KW  - Stokes equations
KW  - Reynolds stress
KW  - Turbulence
KW  - circulation control
KW  - flow control
KW  - separated flow
KW  - synthetic jet
KW  - turbulence modelling
KW  - unsteady flow
N1  - Accession Number: 39567175; Rumsey, C. L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov; Swanson, R. C. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: Apr/May2009, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p317; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Navier-Stokes equations; Subject Term: Stokes equations; Subject Term: Reynolds stress; Subject Term: Turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: circulation control; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow control; Author-Supplied Keyword: separated flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: synthetic jet; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: unsteady flow; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560902776794
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, Amjad A.
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
AU  - Dib, Nihad
AU  - Shubair, Raed
T1  - Cylindrical CPW-fed and CPS-fed slot antennas.
JO  - International Journal of Electronics
JF  - International Journal of Electronics
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 96
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 397
EP  - 407
SN  - 00207217
AB  - Cylindrical antennas are needed in applications which require mounting on curved surfaces. This article presents two new designs of antennas printed on cylindrical substrates. The first antenna is a dual frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed double folded slot antenna operating at 5 and 7 GHz. This antenna is matched to the feed line without external matching circuitry and exhibits a gain of about 3.2 dBi. It has a bidirectional pattern in the E-plane and a more omnidirectional pattern in the H-plane. The second antenna is a coplanar strips (CPS)-fed folded slot antenna operating at 7 GHz. Its gain is about 2.56 dBi. The experimental and numerical results are provided for the return loss and radiation patterns with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Electronics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - RADIO technology -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - ADAPTIVE antennas
KW  - antennas
KW  - CAD
KW  - electromagnetic analysis
KW  - frequency analysis
KW  - microwave
N1  - Accession Number: 37154761; Omar, Amjad A. 1; Email Address: aomar@yu.edu.jo; Scardelletti, Maximilian C. 2; Dib, Nihad 3; Shubair, Raed 4; Affiliations: 1: Hijjawi Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Communications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 4: Communications Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 96 Issue 4, p397; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: RADIO technology -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAD; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443143 Appliance, television and other electronics stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207210802654455
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Allan, Mark B.1
AU  - Kordis, Anthony A.2
AU  - Griffith, Terri L.3
T1  - Reaching for the Moon: Expanding Transactive Memory's Reach with Wikis and Tagging.
JO  - International Journal of Knowledge Management
JF  - International Journal of Knowledge Management
J1  - International Journal of Knowledge Management
PY  - 2009/04//Apr-Jun2009
Y1  - 2009/04//Apr-Jun2009
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
CP  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 63
SN  - 15480666
AB  - The article explores the benefits of transactive memory systems (TMS) in supporting knowledge sharing and coordination in groups. It notes that domain experts enabled TMS by encoding, storage, retrieval, and communication of knowledge. It discusses the example given by the Ames Intelligent Robotics Group of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on how TMS theoretical boundaries are stretched in actual use. It stresses that the group is known for their innovativeness as they engage themselves in field studies that are difficult due to time and technology resource constraints. It also examines the TMS that includes the technology support system available to the group.
KW  - Knowledge management -- Computer network resources
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Field work (Research)
KW  - Robotics
KW  - Scientific community
KW  - Teams in the workplace
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - United States
KW  - Groups
KW  - Knowledge Management
KW  - Teams
KW  - Transactive Memory Systems
N1  - Accession Number: 37925140; Authors: Allan, Mark B. 1; Kordis, Anthony A. 2; Griffith, Terri L. 3; Affiliations:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, USA;  2: IBM Corporation, USA;  3: Santa Clara University, USA; Subject: Knowledge management -- Computer network resources; Subject: Field work (Research); Subject: Robotics; Subject: Technological innovations; Subject: Scientific community; Subject: Teams in the workplace; Subject: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knowledge Management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Teams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transactive Memory Systems; Number of Pages: 13p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lls
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liao, Liang
AU  - Meneghini, Robert
T1  - Validation of TRMM Precipitation Radar through Comparison of Its Multiyear Measurements with Ground-Based Radar.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 804
EP  - 817
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - A procedure to accurately resample spaceborne and ground-based radar data is described and then is applied to the measurements taken from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and the ground-based Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D or WSR) for the validation of the PR measurements and estimates. Through comparisons with the well-calibrated, nonattenuated WSR at Melbourne, Florida, for the period 1998–2007, the calibration of the PR aboard the TRMM satellite is checked using measurements near the storm top. Analysis of the results indicates that the PR, after taking into account differences in radar reflectivity factors between the PR and WSR, has a small positive bias of 0.8 dB relative to the WSR, implying a soundness of the PR calibration in view of the uncertainties involved in the comparisons. Comparisons between the PR and WSR reflectivities are also made near the surface for evaluation of the attenuation-correction procedures used in the PR algorithms. It is found that the PR attenuation is accurately corrected in stratiform rain but is underestimated in convective rain, particularly in heavy rain. Tests of the PR estimates of rainfall rate are conducted through comparisons in the overlap area between the TRMM overpass and WSR scan. Analyses of the data are made both on a conditional basis, in which the instantaneous rain rates are compared only at those pixels at which both the PR and WSR detect rain, and an unconditional basis, in which the area-averaged rain rates are estimated independently for the PR and WSR. Results of the conditional rain comparisons show that the PR-derived rain is about 9% greater and 19% less than the WSR estimates for stratiform and convective storms, respectively. Overall, the PR tends to underestimate the conditional mean rain rate by 8% for all rain categories, a finding that conforms to the results of the area-averaged rain (unconditional) comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Measurement
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Storms
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 38812184; Liao, Liang 1; Email Address: liang.liao-1@nasa.gov; Meneghini, Robert 2; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Earth Sciences & Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p804; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Subject Term: Rain & rainfall; Subject Term: Storms; Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Algorithms; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nehrir, Amin R.
AU  - Repasky, Kevin S.
AU  - Carlsten, John L.
AU  - Obland, Michael D.
AU  - Shaw, Joseph A.
T1  - Water Vapor Profiling Using a Widely Tunable, Amplified Diode-Laser-Based Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL).
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 733
EP  - 745
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument for automated profiling of water vapor in the lower troposphere has been designed, tested, and is in routine operation at Montana State University. The laser transmitter for the DIAL instrument uses a widely tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL) to injection seed two cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) to produce a laser transmitter that accesses the 824–841-nm spectral range. The DIAL receiver utilizes a 28-cm-diameter Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope; an avalanche photodiode (APD) detector; and a narrowband optical filter to collect, discriminate, and measure the scattered light. A technique of correcting for the wavelength-dependent incident angle upon the narrowband optical filter as a function of range has been developed to allow accurate water vapor profiles to be measured down to 225 m above the surface. Data comparisons using the DIAL instrument and collocated radiosonde measurements are presented demonstrating the capabilities of the DIAL instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Radiosondes
KW  - Laser transitions
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Telescopes
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Optoelectronic devices
KW  - Detection alarms
KW  - Wavelengths
N1  - Accession Number: 38812169; Nehrir, Amin R. 1; Repasky, Kevin S. 1; Email Address: repasky@ece.montana.edu; Carlsten, John L. 2; Obland, Michael D. 2,3; Shaw, Joseph A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana; 2: Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana; 3: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p733; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Radiosondes; Subject Term: Laser transitions; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Lasers; Subject Term: Telescopes; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Optoelectronic devices; Subject Term: Detection alarms; Subject Term: Wavelengths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JTECHA1201.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Das, S.
AU  - Kyriakides, I.
AU  - Chattopadhyay, A.
AU  - Papandreou-Suppappola, A.
T1  - Monte Carlo Matching Pursuit Decomposition Method for Damage Quantification in Composite Structures.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 20
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 647
EP  - 658
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - In wave-based approach, the presence of damage is visualized in terms of the changes in the signature of the resultant wave that propagates through the structure. In structural health monitoring, the fundamental goal is to detect, localize, and quantify these damage signatures. The current approach uses matching pursuit decomposition (MPD) to compare signals from healthy and damaged structures. However, the major drawback of the MPD is that, in the decomposition process, it performs an exhaustive search over a large dictionary of elementary functions. Therefore, this method of decomposition is associated with a large computational expense. In this research, the Monte Carlo matching pursuit decomposition (MCMPD) is proposed, that adapts a smaller dictionary to the signal structure, thus avoiding the exhaustive search over the time-frequency plane. The proposed algorithm, sequentially estimates a dictionary that contains only those components that match the waveform structure, uses the matching pursuits for the decomposition of the signal and if necessary, adapts the dictionary to the structure of the residues for further decomposition. Finally, we demonstrate using real life data that the MCMPD retains the ability of the matching pursuit to decompose waveforms and quantify them accurately while reducing computational expense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - DECOMPOSITION method (Mathematics)
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - fiber-reinforced composite
KW  - matching pursuit decomposition
KW  - monte carlo
KW  - particle filtering
KW  - structural health monitoring
KW  - wave propagation
N1  - Accession Number: 37258589; Das, S. 1; Email Address: Santanu.Das@asu.edu; Kyriakides, I. 2; Chattopadhyay, A. 3; Papandreou-Suppappola, A. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 269-1, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; 2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering and Adaptive Intelligent Materials and Systems (AIMS) Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA; 4: Department of Electrical Engineering and Adaptive Intelligent Materials and Systems (AIMS) Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USA; Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 20 Issue 6, p647; Thesaurus Term: MONTE Carlo method; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION method (Mathematics); Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: fiber-reinforced composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: matching pursuit decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: monte carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: particle filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: wave propagation; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X08097386
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, Leslie
AU  - Waagen, Alex
AU  - Aijaz, Nabeela
AU  - Hurley, Michael
AU  - Luis, Apolonio
AU  - Rinsky, Joel
AU  - Satyavolu, Chandrika
AU  - Way, Michael J.
AU  - Gazis, Paul
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok
T1  - Stable and Efficient Gaussian Process Calculations.
JO  - Journal of Machine Learning Research
JF  - Journal of Machine Learning Research
Y1  - 2009/04//4/1/2009
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 857
EP  - 882
SN  - 15324435
AB  - The use of Gaussian processes can be an effective approach to prediction in a supervised learning environment. For large data sets, the standard Gaussian process approach requires solving very large systems of linear equations and approximations are required for the calculations to be practical. We will focus on the subset of regressors approximation technique. We will demonstrate that there can be numerical instabilities in a well known implementation of the technique. We discuss alternate implementations that have better numerical stability properties and can lead to better predictions. Our results will be illustrated by looking at an application involving prediction of galaxy redshift from broadband spectrum data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Machine Learning Research is the property of Microtome Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - SUPERVISED learning (Machine learning)
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - Gaussian processes
KW  - low rank approximations
KW  - numerical stability
KW  - photometric redshift
KW  - subset of regressors method
N1  - Accession Number: 58617880; Foster, Leslie 1; Email Address: FOSTER@MATH.SJSU.EDU; Waagen, Alex 1; Email Address: AWAAGEN@MAILBOLT.COM; Aijaz, Nabeela 1; Email Address: NABBOA@YAHOO.COM; Hurley, Michael 1; Email Address: MHURLEY@GMAIL.COM; Luis, Apolonio 1; Email Address: JPOLOROLU@GMAIL.COM; Rinsky, Joel 1; Email Address: JOELRINSKY@YAHOO.COM; Satyavolu, Chandrika 1; Email Address: CHANDRIKAS84@YAHOO.COM; Way, Michael J. 2; Email Address: M ICHAEL.J.WAY@NASA.GOV; Gazis, Paul 3; Email Address: PGAZIS@MAIL.ARC.NASA.GOV; Srivastava, Ashok 3; Email Address: ASHOK@EMAIL.ARC.NASA.GOV; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mathematics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, 10025, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, MS 269-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 4/1/2009, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p857; Thesaurus Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: SUPERVISED learning (Machine learning); Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: low rank approximations; Author-Supplied Keyword: numerical stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: photometric redshift; Author-Supplied Keyword: subset of regressors method; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bo Pan
AU  - Yuan Li
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - A 60-GHz CPW~Fed High-Gain and Broadband Integrated Horn Antenna.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2009/04/02/Apr2009 Part 2 of 2
Y1  - 2009/04/02/Apr2009 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1050
EP  - 1056
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - An integrated horn antenna is presented for 60-GHz WPAN applications. Compared with other types of antenna for 60-GHz WPAN applications, an integrated horn antenna features wide bandwidth and high gain. This integrated H-plane horn is elevated on the top of the substrate using CMOS-compatible microfabrication steps. Antenna efficiency is greatly improved after eliminating dielectric loss. This antenna is excited using an integrated vertical current probe connected with a coplanar-wave-guide (CPW) by surface micromachining technologies. The lower part of the horn is constructed by rows of metallized pillars. The upper part and the top wall are built by stacking two layers of micromachined silicon wafers. The horn bottom is formed by metalizing the substrate's top surface. A prototype antenna is designed, fabricated, and characterized. Simulation and measurement results have shown wide input matching bandwidth and radiation bandwidth. The measured radiation pattern agrees well with the simulated one, demonstrating a gain as high as 14.6 dBi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HORN antennas
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - DIELECTRIC loss
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR wafers
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - ELECTRIC networks
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
N1  - Accession Number: 39148115; Source Information: Apr2009 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 57 Issue 4, p1050; Subject Term: HORN antennas; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC loss; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR wafers; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: ELECTRIC networks; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2015815
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, G. E.
AU  - Scardelletti, M. C.
AU  - Jordan, J. L.
T1  - 270°C, 1 GHz oscillator-type active antenna.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2009/04/09/
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 386
EP  - 387
SN  - 00135194
AB  - Reported is the first demonstration of an active antenna operating at 1 GHz and at temperatures above 200°C. A Clapp oscillator integrated with a slot-ring antenna generated and transmitted a 1 GHz signal from 25 to 270°C. The oscillation frequency varied by less than 4% over the temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - RADIO lines
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - TRANSISTOR oscillators
KW  - METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors
N1  - Accession Number: 37381136; Ponchak, G. E. 1; Email Address: george.ponchak@ieee.org; Scardelletti, M. C. 1; Jordan, J. L. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA; Issue Info: 4/9/2009, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p386; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: RADIO lines; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: TRANSISTOR oscillators; Subject Term: METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2009.0615
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Konhauser, Kurt O.
AU  - Pecoits, Ernesto
AU  - Lalonde, Stefan V.
AU  - Papineau, Dominic
AU  - Nisbet, Euan G.
AU  - Barley, Mark E.
AU  - Arndt, Nicholas T.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Kamber, Balz S.
T1  - Oceanic nickel depletion and a methanogen famine before the Great Oxidation Event.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/04/09/
VL  - 458
IS  - 7239
M3  - Letter
SP  - 750
EP  - 753
SN  - 00280836
AB  - It has been suggested that a decrease in atmospheric methane levels triggered the progressive rise of atmospheric oxygen, the so-called Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 Gyr ago. Oxidative weathering of terrestrial sulphides, increased oceanic sulphate, and the ecological success of sulphate-reducing microorganisms over methanogens has been proposed as a possible cause for the methane collapse, but this explanation is difficult to reconcile with the rock record. Banded iron formations preserve a history of Precambrian oceanic elemental abundance and can provide insights into our understanding of early microbial life and its influence on the evolution of the Earth system. Here we report a decline in the molar nickel to iron ratio recorded in banded iron formations about 2.7 Gyr ago, which we attribute to a reduced flux of nickel to the oceans, a consequence of cooling upper-mantle temperatures and decreased eruption of nickel-rich ultramafic rocks at the time. We measured nickel partition coefficients between simulated Precambrian sea water and diverse iron hydroxides, and subsequently determined that dissolved nickel concentrations may have reached ∼400 nM throughout much of the Archaean eon, but dropped below ∼200 nM by 2.5 Gyr ago and to modern day values (∼9 nM) by ∼550 Myr ago. Nickel is a key metal cofactor in several enzymes of methanogens and we propose that its decline would have stifled their activity in the ancient oceans and disrupted the supply of biogenic methane. A decline in biogenic methane production therefore could have occurred before increasing environmental oxygenation and not necessarily be related to it. The enzymatic reliance of methanogens on a diminishing supply of volcanic nickel links mantle evolution to the redox state of the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Methanogens
N1  - Accession Number: 37380603; Konhauser, Kurt O. 1; Pecoits, Ernesto 1; Lalonde, Stefan V. 1; Papineau, Dominic 2; Nisbet, Euan G. 3; Barley, Mark E. 4; Arndt, Nicholas T. 5; Zahnle, Kevin 6; Kamber, Balz S. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada; 2: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington DC 20015, USA; 3: Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK; 4: School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; 5: Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaîne Alpines, Maison de Géosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, 1381 rue de la piscine, Grenoble 38041, France; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 7: Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Issue Info: 4/9/2009, Vol. 458 Issue 7239, p750; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Methanogens; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature07858
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gatewood, Anne G.
AU  - Liebman, Kelly A.
AU  - Vourc'h, Gwenaël
AU  - Bunikis, Jonas
AU  - Hamer, Sarah A.
AU  - Cortinas, Roberto
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Cislo, Paul
AU  - Kitron, Uriel
AU  - Tsao, Jean
AU  - Barbour, Alan G.
AU  - Fish, Durland
AU  - Diuk-Wasser, Maria A.
T1  - Climate and Tick Seasonality Are Predictors of Borrelia burgdorferi Genotype Distribution.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/04/15/
VL  - 75
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2476
EP  - 2483
SN  - 00992240
AB  - The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is of significant public health importance as a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis. The timing of seasonal activity of each immature I. scapularis life stage relative to the next is critical for the mainteyance of B. burgdorferi because larvae must feed after an infected nymph to efficiently acquire the infection from reservoir hosts. Recent studies have shown that some strains of B. burgdorferi do not persist in the primary reservoir host for more than a few weeks, thereby shortening the window of opportunity between nymphal and larval feeding that sustains their enzootic maintenance. We tested the hypothesis that climate is predictive of geographic variation in the seasonal activity of I. scapularis, which in turn differentially influen9es the distribution of B. burgdorferi genotypes within the geographic range of L scapularis. We analyzed the relationships between climate, seasonal activity of I. scapularis, and B. burgdorferi genotype frequency in 30 geographically diverse sites in the northeastern and midwestern United States. We found that the magnitude of the difference between summer and winter daily temperature maximums was positively correlated with the degree of seasonal synchrony of the two immature stages of I. scapularis. Genotyping revealed an enjlchment of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism sequence type 1 strains relative to others at sites with lower seasonal synchrony. We conclude that climate-associated variability in the timing of I. scapularis host seeking contributes to geographic heterogeneities in the frequencies of B. burgdorferi genotypes, with potential consequences for Lyme borreliosis morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Larvae
KW  - Genotype-environment interaction
KW  - Borrelia burgdorferi
KW  - Ixodes scapularis
KW  - Lyme disease
KW  - Genetic polymorphisms
KW  - Heterogeneity
N1  - Accession Number: 39882984; Gatewood, Anne G. 1; Liebman, Kelly A. 1; Vourc'h, Gwenaël 2; Bunikis, Jonas 3; Hamer, Sarah A. 4; Cortinas, Roberto 5; Melton, Forrest 6,7; Cislo, Paul 1; Kitron, Uriel 8; Tsao, Jean 4,9; Barbour, Alan G. 3; Fish, Durland 1; Diuk-Wasser, Maria A. 1; Email Address: maria.diuk@yale.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; 2: National Institute for Agricultural Research, UR346 Animal Epidemiology, F-63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France; 3: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, lrvine, 3046 Hewitt Hall, lrvine, California 92697, USA; 4: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 5: Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 12BA Entomology Hall, East Campus, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA; 6: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, California 93955, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 8: Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA; 9: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; Issue Info: Apr2009, Vol. 75 Issue 8, p2476; Thesaurus Term: Larvae; Thesaurus Term: Genotype-environment interaction; Subject Term: Borrelia burgdorferi; Subject Term: Ixodes scapularis; Subject Term: Lyme disease; Subject Term: Genetic polymorphisms; Subject Term: Heterogeneity; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02633-08
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freitas, S. R.
AU  - Longo, K. M.
AU  - Dias, M. A. F. Silva
AU  - Chatfield, R.
AU  - Dias, P. Silva
AU  - Artaxo, P.
AU  - Andreae, M. O.
AU  - Grell, G.
AU  - Rodrigues, L. F.
AU  - Fazenda, A.
AU  - Panetta, J.
T1  - The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) - Part 1: Model description and evaluation.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/04/15/
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2843
EP  - 2861
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We introduce the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS). CATT-BRAMS is an on-line transport model fully consistent with the simulated atmospheric dynamics. Emission sources from biomass burning and urban-industrial-vehicular activities for trace gases and from biomass burning aerosol particles are obtained from several published datasets and remote sensing information. The tracer and aerosol mass concentration prognostics include the effects of sub-grid scale turbulence in the planetary boundary layer, convective transport by shallow and deep moist convection, wet and dry deposition, and plume rise associated with vegetation fires in addition to the grid scale transport. The radiation parameterization takes into account the interaction between the simulated biomass burning aerosol particles and short and long wave radiation. The atmospheric model BRAMS is based on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), with several improvements associated with cumulus convection representation, soil moisture initialization and surface scheme tuned for the tropics, among others. In this paper the CATT-BRAMS model is used to simulate carbon monoxide and particulate material (PM2.5) surface fluxes and atmospheric transport during the 2002 LBA field campaigns, conducted during the transition from the dry to wet season in the southwest Amazon Basin. Model evaluation is addressed with comparisons between model results and near surface, radiosondes and airborne measurements performed during the field campaign, as well as remote sensing derived products. We show the matching of emissions strengths to observed carbon monoxide in the LBA campaign. A relatively good comparison to the MOPITT data, in spite of the fact that MOPITT a priori assumptions imply several difficulties, is also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Rainfall simulators
N1  - Accession Number: 39877159; Freitas, S. R. 1; Email Address: saulo.freitas@cptec.inpe.br; Longo, K. M. 1,2; Dias, M. A. F. Silva 1,3; Chatfield, R. 4; Dias, P. Silva 3; Artaxo, P. 5; Andreae, M. O. 6; Grell, G. 7; Rodrigues, L. F. 1; Fazenda, A. 1,8; Panetta, J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies (CPTEC), INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil; 2: Center for Space and Atmospheric Sciences, INPE, São José dos Campos, Brazil; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA; 5: Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, Brazil; 6: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; 7: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado/NOAA Research-Forecast Systems Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: Department of Computing Science, University of Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 8, p2843; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Rainfall simulators; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 10 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105507026
T1  - Effects of eccentric rotation on the human pitch vestibulo-ocular reflex.
AU  - Wood SJ
AU  - Black FO
AU  - Reschke MF
AU  - Kaufman GD
AU  - Paloski WH
Y1  - 2009/05//
N1  - Accession Number: 105507026. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090529. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Speech-Language Pathology/Audiology. Grant Information: NASA grant UPN 111-30-10-82. NLM UID: 0370354. 
KW  - Balance, Postural -- Physiology
KW  - Rotation
KW  - Vestibular Function Tests
KW  - Vestibular Stimulation
KW  - Adult
KW  - Eye Movements -- Evaluation
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Motion
KW  - Multivariate Analysis of Variance
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Vertigo -- Physiopathology
KW  - Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
KW  - Human
SP  - 521
EP  - 526
JO  - Acta Oto-Laryngologica
JF  - Acta Oto-Laryngologica
JA  - ACTA OTOLARYNGOL
VL  - 129
IS  - 5
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
AB  - CONCLUSION: The pitch plane vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and symmetry at low frequencies (< or =0.3 Hz) are enhanced by otoliths and/or somatosensory sensory cues during combined angular and linear stimuli. We conclude that neural processing of these linear motion cues is used to improve the VOR when stimulus frequencies are below the optimal range for the canals. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of eccentric rotation on the passive pitch VOR responses in humans. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eleven subjects were placed on their left sides (90 degrees roll position) and rotated in the pitch plane about an earth-vertical axis at 0.13, 0.3, and 0.56 Hz. The inter-aural axis was either aligned with the axis of rotation (no modulation of linear acceleration) or offset from it by 50 cm (centripetal linear acceleration directed feet-ward). The modulation of pitch VOR responses was measured in the dark with a binocular videography system. RESULTS: The pitch VOR gain was significantly increased and the VOR asymmetry was significantly reduced at the lowest stimulus frequencies during eccentric rotation. There was no effect of eccentric rotation on the pitch gain or asymmetry at the highest frequency tested.
SN  - 0001-6489
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058; scott.j.wood@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 18615327.
DO  - 10.1080/00016480802273090
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105457099
T1  - Perceived vs. measured effects of advanced cockpit systems on pilot workload and error: Are pilots' beliefs misaligned with reality?
AU  - Casner SM
Y1  - 2009/05//
N1  - Accession Number: 105457099. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090605. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 0261412. 
KW  - Attitude to Computers
KW  - Aviation
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - Technology
KW  - Workload
KW  - Automation
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
SP  - 448
EP  - 456
JO  - Applied Ergonomics
JF  - Applied Ergonomics
JA  - APPL ERGON
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
SN  - 0003-6870
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.
U2  - PMID: 19028379.
DO  - 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Bayuse, T;
T1  - Pharmacy in a New Frontier - The First Five Years at the Johnson Space Center Pharmacy
CT  - Pharmacy in a New Frontier - The First Five Years at the Johnson Space Center Pharmacy
JO  - ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting
JF  - ASHP Midyear Clinical Meeting
SP  - 232
AD  - Wyle Johnson Space Ctr Pharm, 1290 Hercules Dr, Ste 120, Mailcode Wyle SMG 8, Houston, TX 77058, USA tina.m.bayuse@nasa.gov
N1  - Accession Number: 46-21389; Language: English; Publication Type: Abstract of Meeting Presentation; Section Heading: Pharmacy Practice
N2  - Abstract: Purpose: A poster entitled "Space Medicine - A New Role for Clinical Pharmacists" was presented in December 2001 highlighting an up-andcoming role for pharmacists at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas. Since that time, the operational need for the pharmacy profession has expanded with the administration's decision to open a pharmacy on site at JSC to complement the care provided by the Flight Medicine and Occupational Medicine Clinics. Methods: The JSC Pharmacy is a hybrid of traditional retail and hospital pharmacy and is compliant with the ambulatory care standards set forth by the Joint Commission. The primary charge for the pharmacy is to provide medication management for JSC. In addition to providing ambulatory care for both clinics, the pharmacists also practice space medicine. Results: A pharmacist had been involved in the packing of both the Space Shuttle and International Space Station Medical Kits before the JSC Pharmacy was established; however, the role of the pharmacist in packing medical kits has grown. The pharmacists are now full members of the operations team providing consultation for new drug delivery systems, regulations, and patient safety issues. As the space crews become more international, so does the drug information provided by the pharmacists. Conclusion: This presentation will review the journey of the JSC Pharmacy as it celebrated its five year anniversary in April of 2008. The implementation of the pharmacy, challenges to the incorporation of the pharmacy into an existing health-care system, and the current responsibilities of a pharmacist at the Johnson Space Center will be discussed.
KW  - ASHP meeting abstracts--pharmacy;
KW  - Strategic planning--pharmacists;
KW  - Pharmacists--pharmacy;
KW  - Pharmacy--ASHP meeting abstracts;
KW  - Practice Interest Areas--Cardiology/Critical Care; meeting presentations;
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ipa
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Q.-L.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Joseph, E.
AU  - Wang, S.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Morris, V.
AU  - Chang, F.
T1  - Evidence of mineral dust altering cloud microphysics and precipitation.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 9
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3223
EP  - 3231
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Multi-platform and multi-sensor observations are employed to investigate the impact of mineral dust on cloud microphysical and precipitation processes in mesoscale convective systems. For a given convective strength, small hydrometeors were more prevalent in the stratiform rain regions with dust than in those regions that were dust free. Evidence of abundant cloud ice particles in the dust sector, particularly at altitudes where heterogeneous nucleation of mineral dust prevails, further supports the observed changes of precipitation. The consequences of the microphysical effects of the dust aerosols were to shift the precipitation size spectrum from heavy precipitation to light precipitation and ultimately suppressing precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Hydrometeorology
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Precipitation (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 40506204; Min, Q.-L. 1; Email Address: min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; Li, R. 1; Lin, B. 2; Joseph, E. 3; Wang, S. 1; Hu, Y. 2; Morris, V. 3; Chang, F. 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, USA; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; 3: NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Howard University, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 9, p3223; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Hydrometeorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Precipitation (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kärcher, B.
AU  - Burkhardt, U.
AU  - Unterstrasser, S.
AU  - Minnis, P.
T1  - Factors controlling contrail cirrus optical depth.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 11589
EP  - 11658
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Aircraft contrails develop into contrail cirrus by depositional growth and sedimentation of ice particles and horizontal spreading due to wind shear. Factors controlling this development include temperature, ice supersaturation, thickness of ice-supersaturated layers, and vertical gradients in the horizontal wind field. An analytical microphysical cloud model is presented and validated that captures these processes. Many individual contrail cirrus are simulated that develop differently owing to the variability in the controlling factors, resulting in large samples of cloud properties that are statistically analyzed. Contrail cirrus development is studied over the first four hours past formation, similar to the ages of contrails that were tracked in satellite imagery on regional scales. On these time scales, contrail cirrus optical depth and microphysical variables exhibit a marked variability, expressed in terms of broad and skewed probability distribution functions. Typical simulated mean optical depths at a wavelength of 0.55 μm are in the range 0.2-0.3. A substantial fraction 20-40% of contrail cirrus stay subvisible (optical depth <0.02). A detailed analysis suggests that previous satellite measurements of line-shaped persistent contrails have missed about 86% (35%) of contrails with optical depth ≤ 0.05 (0.05-0.1), amounting to almost 50% of contrails of all optical depths. When comparing observations with simulations and when estimating the contrail cirrus climate impact, not only mean values but also the variability in optical depth and microphysical properties need to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Condensation trails
KW  - Wind shear
KW  - Space surveillance
KW  - Aeronautics
N1  - Accession Number: 47189149; Kärcher, B. 1; Email Address: bernd.kaercher@dlr.de; Burkhardt, U. 1; Unterstrasser, S. 1; Minnis, P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany.; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p11589; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Condensation trails; Subject Term: Wind shear; Subject Term: Space surveillance; Subject Term: Aeronautics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 70p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Livingston, J.
AU  - Russell, P.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Clarke, A.
AU  - Johnson, R.
AU  - Levy, R.
T1  - Testing aerosol properties in MODIS (MOD04/MYD04) Collection 4 and 5 using airborne sunphotometer observations in INTEX-B/MILAGRO.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 11753
EP  - 11781
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS) was operated on a Jetstream 31 (J31) aircraft in March 2006 during MILAGRO/INTEX-B (Megacity Initiative-Local And Global Research Observations/Phase B of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment). We compare AATS retrievals of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) and related aerosol properties with corresponding spatially co-incident and temporally near-coincident measurements acquired by the MODIS-Aqua and MODIS-Terra satellite sensors. These comparisons are carried out for the older MODIS Collection 4 (C4) and the new Collection 5 (C5) data set, the latter representing a reprocessing of the entire MODIS data set completed during 2006 with updated calibration and aerosol retrieval algorithm. Our analysis yields a direct, validated assessment of the differences between select MODIS C4 and C5 aerosol retrievals. Our analyses of 37 coincident observations by AATS and MODIS-Terra and 18 coincident observations between AATS and MODIS-Aqua indicate notable differences between MODIS C4 and C5 and between the two sensors. For MODIS-Terra, we find an average increase in AOD of 0.02 at 553 nm and 0.01 or less at the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths. The change from C4 to CS results in less good agreement with the AATS derived spectral AOD, with average differences at 553 nm increasing from 0.03 to 0.05. For MODIS-Aqua, we find an average increase in AOD of 0.008 at 553 nm, but an increase of nearly 0.02 at the SWIR wavelengths. The change from C4 to C5 results in slightly less good agreement to the AATS derived visible AOD, with average differences at 553 nm increasing from 0.03 to 0.04. However, at SWIR wavelengths, the changes from C4 to CS result in improved agreement between MODIS-Aqua and AATS, with the average differences at 2119 nm decreasing from -0.02 to -0.003. Comparing the Angstrom exponents calculated from AOD at 553 nm and 855 nm, we find an increased rms difference from AATS derived Angstrom exponents in going from C4 to CS for MODIS-Terra, and a decrease in rms difference, hence an improvement, for the transition from C4 to CS in MODIS-Aqua. Combining the AATS retrievals with in situ measurements of size-dependent aerosol extinction, we derive a suborbital measure of the aerosol submicron fraction (SMF) of AOD and compare it to MODIS retrievals of aerosol fine mode fraction (FMF). Our analysis shows a significant rms-difference between the MODIS-Terra FMF and suborbitally-derived SMF of 0.17 for both C4 and C5. For MODIS-Aqua, there is a slight improvement in the transition from C4 to C5, with the rms-difference from AATS dropping from 0.23 to 0.16. The differences in MODIS C4 and C5 AOD in this limited data set can be traced to changes in the ref lectances input to the aerosol retrievals. An extension of the C4-C5 comparisons from the area along the J31 flight track to a larger study region between 18-23° N and 93-100° W on each of the J31 flight days supports the finding of significant differences between MODIS C4 and C5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Jetstream (Turboprop transport)
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Artificial satellite tracking
N1  - Accession Number: 47189152; Redemann, J. 1; Email Address: jens.redemann-1@nasa.gov; Zhang, Q. 1; Livingston, J. 2; Russell, P. 3; Shinozuka, Y. 4; Clarke, A. 5; Johnson, R. 3; Levy, R. 6; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA.; 2: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA.; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 4: ORAU/ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 5: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.; 6: SSAI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p11753; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Jetstream (Turboprop transport); Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Artificial satellite tracking; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - DeCarlo, P. F.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Dunlea, E. J.
AU  - Roberts, G. C.
AU  - Tomlinson, J. M.
AU  - Collins, D. R.
AU  - Howell, S. G.
AU  - Kapustin, V. N.
AU  - McNaughton, C. S.
AU  - Zhou, J.
T1  - Aerosol optical properties relevant to regional remote sensing of CCN activity and links to their organic mass fraction: airborne observations over Central Mexico and the US West Coast during MILAGRO/INTEX-B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 12519
EP  - 12558
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Remote sensing of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) would help evaluate the indirect effects of tropospheric aerosols on clouds and climate. To assess its feasibility, we examined relationships of submicron aerosol composition to CCN activity and optical properties observed during the MILAGRO/INTEX-B aircraft campaigns. An indicator of CCN activity, κ, was calculated from hygroscopicity measured under saturation. κ for dry 100-nm particles decreased with the organic fraction of non-refractory mass of submicron particles (OMF) as 10(-0.43-0.44*OMF) over Central Mexico and 10(-0.29-0.70*OMF) over the US West Coast. These fits represent the critical dry diameter, centered near 100 nm for 0.2% supersaturation but varied as κ(-1/3), within measurement uncertainty (∼20%). The decreasing trends of CCN activity with the organic content, evident also in our direct CCN counts, were consistent with previous ground and laboratory observations of highly organic particles. The wider range of OMF, 0-0.8, for our research areas means that aerosol composition will be more critical for estimation of CCN concentration than at the fixed sites previously studied. Furthermore, the wavelength dependence of extinction was anti-correlated with OMF as -0.70*OMF+2.0 for Central Mexico's urban and industrial pollution air masses, for unclear reasons. The Angstrom exponent of absorption increased with OMF, more rapidly under higher single scattering albedo, as expected for the interplay between soot and colored weak absorbers (some organic species and dust). Because remote sensing products currently use the wavelength dependence of extinction albeit in the column integral form and may potentially include that of absorption, these regional spectral dependencies are expected to facilitate retrievals of aerosol bulk chemistry and CCN activity over Central Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 47189171; Shinozuka, Y. 1; Email Address: yohei@hawaii.edu; Clarke, A. D. 2; DeCarlo, P. F. 3; Jimenez, J. L. 4,5; Dunlea, E. J. 4; Roberts, G. C. 6; Tomlinson, J. M. 7; Collins, D. R. 7; Howell, S. G. 2; Kapustin, V. N. 2; McNaughton, C. S. 2; Zhou, J. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 2: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.; 3: Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.; 4: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.; 5: Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.; 6: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA.; 7: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p12519; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Preston, Christina M.
AU  - Marin III, Roman
AU  - Jensen, Scott D.
AU  - Feldman, Jason
AU  - Birch, James M.
AU  - Massion, Eugene I.
AU  - DeLong, Edward F.
AU  - Suzuki, Marcelino
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin
AU  - Scholin, Christopher A.
T1  - Near real-time, autonomous detection of marine bacterioplankton on a coastal mooring in Monterey Bay, California, using rRNA-targeted DNA probes.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1168
EP  - 1180
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - A sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) was developed to detect 16S rRNAs indicative of phylogenetically distinct groups of marine bacterioplankton in a 96-well plate format as well as low-density arrays printed on a membrane support. The arrays were used in a field-deployable instrument, the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP). The SHA employs a chaotropic buffer for both cell homogenization and hybridization, thus target sequences are captured directly from crude homogenates. Capture probes for seven of nine different bacterioplankton clades examined reacted specifically when challenged with target and non-target 16S rRNAs derived from in vitro transcribed 16S rRNA genes cloned from natural samples. Detection limits were between 0.10–1.98 and 4.43– 12.54 fmole ml−1 homogenate for the 96-well plate and array SHA respectively. Arrays printed with five of the bacterioplankton-specific capture probes were deployed on the ESP in Monterey Bay, CA, twice in 2006 for a total of 25 days and also utilized in a laboratory time series study. Groups detected included marine alphaproteobacteria, SAR11, marine cyanobacteria, marine group I crenarchaea, and marine group II euryarchaea. To our knowledge this represents the first report of remote in situ DNA probe-based detection of marine bacterioplankton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Environmental sampling
KW  - Marine plankton
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - DETECTION
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - Monterey Bay (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 38218873; Preston, Christina M. 1; Email Address: preston@mbari.org; Marin III, Roman 1; Jensen, Scott D. 1; Feldman, Jason 1,2; Birch, James M. 1; Massion, Eugene I. 1; DeLong, Edward F. 3; Suzuki, Marcelino 4; Wheeler, Kevin 1,5; Scholin, Christopher A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 3: Massachussets Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Division of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 4: Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland, Solomons, MD; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: May2009, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p1168; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sampling; Subject Term: Marine plankton; Subject Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: DETECTION; Subject Term: Phylogeny; Subject: Monterey Bay (Calif.); Subject: California; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01848.x
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, Jamie S.
AU  - Green, Stefan J.
AU  - Ahrendt, Steven R.
AU  - Golubic, Stjepko
AU  - Reid, R. Pamela
AU  - Hetherington, Kevin L.
AU  - Bebout, Lee
T1  - Molecular and morphological characterization of cyanobacterial diversity in the stromatolites of Highborne Cay, Bahamas.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 573
EP  - 587
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Stromatolites are sedimentary deposits that are the direct result of interactions between microbes and their surrounding environment. Once dominant on ancient Earth, actively forming stromatolites now occur in just a few remote locations around the globe, such as the island of Highborne Cay, Bahamas. Although the stromatolites of Highborne Cay contain a wide range of metabolically diverse organisms, photosynthetic cyanobacteria are the driving force for stromatolite development. In this study, we complement previous morphological data by examining the cyanobacterial phylogenetic and physiological diversity of Highborne Cay stromatolites. Molecular analysis of both clone and culture libraries identified 33 distinct phylotypes within the stromatolites. Culture libraries exhibited several morphologically similar but genetically distinct ecotypes, which may contribute to ecosystem stability within the stromatolites. Several of the cultured isolates exhibited both a positive phototactic response and light-dependent extracellular polymeric secretions production, both of which are critical phenotypes for stromatolite accretion and development. The results of this study reveal that the genetic diversity of the cyanobacterial populations within the Highborne Cay stromatolites is far greater than previous estimates, indicating that the mechanisms of stromatolite formation and accretion may be more complex than had been previously assumed.The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 573–587; doi:10.1038/ismej.2008.129; published online 15 January 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Microbial diversity
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - Stromatolites
KW  - Sedimentary structures
KW  - Phenotype
KW  - Bahamas
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - microbial diversity
KW  - stromatolites
N1  - Accession Number: 37820922; Foster, Jamie S. 1; Email Address: jfoster@ufl.edu; Green, Stefan J. 2; Ahrendt, Steven R. 1,3; Golubic, Stjepko 4; Reid, R. Pamela 5; Hetherington, Kevin L. 1; Bebout, Lee 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Florida, Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA; 2: Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 3: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA; 4: Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; 5: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 6: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: May2009, Vol. 3 Issue 5, p573; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Microbial diversity; Thesaurus Term: Phylogeny; Subject Term: Stromatolites; Subject Term: Sedimentary structures; Subject Term: Phenotype; Subject: Bahamas; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial diversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: stromatolites; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 11 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2008.129
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jardin, Matt R.
AU  - Mueller, Eric R.
T1  - Optimized Measurements of Unmanned-Air-Vehicle Mass Moment of Inertia with a Bifilar Pendulum.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 763
EP  - 775
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A bifilar (two-wire) pendulum is a torsional pendulum consisting of a test object suspended by two thin parallel wires. The pendulum oscillates about the vertical axis. The restoring torque of the bifilar pendulum is provided by the gravitational force as rotations from the rest state cause the test object to raise slightly. The mass moment of inertia is computed using dynamic modeling, measurements of the oscillation period, and the physical dimensions of the bifilar pendulum such as the length and separation displacement of the pendulum wires. A simulation technique is described that improves estimates of the mass moment of inertia by considering the nonlinear effects of damping and large angular displacements. An analysis of the error variance of mass moment of inertia measurements is also described. The resulting expression for the error variance is used to optimize the physical parameters of the bifilar pendulum to obtain the moment of inertia measurement with the minimum error variance. Monte Carlo simulations were used to validate the parameter optimization technique. Experimental results are presented for a uniform-density test object for which the moment of inertia is straightforward to compute from geometric considerations. Results are also presented for a small unmanned air vehicle, which was the intended application for this moment of inertia measurement technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PENDULUMS
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - MOMENTS of inertia
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 43251717; Source Information: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p763; Subject Term: PENDULUMS; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: MOMENTS of inertia; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 19 Charts, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.34015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=43251717&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Mani, Mori
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Eisfeld, Bernhard
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Zickuhr, Tom
AU  - Levy, David
AU  - Murayamat, Mitsuhiro
T1  - Grid Quality and Resolution Issues from the Drag Prediction Workshop Series.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 935
EP  - 950
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The drag prediction workshop series, held over the last six years and sponsored by the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Committee, has been extremely useful in providing an assessment of the state of the art in computationally based aerodynamic drag prediction. An emerging consensus from the three-workshop series has been the identification of spatial discretization errors as a dominant error source in absolute as well as incremental drag prediction. This paper provides an overview of the collective experience from the workshop series regarding the effect of grid-related issues on overall drag prediction accuracy. Examples based on workshop results are used to illustrate the effect of grid resolution and grid quality on drag prediction, and grid convergence behavior is examined in detail. For fully attached flows, various accurate and successful workshop results are demonstrated, and anomalous behavior is identified for a number of cases involving substantial regions of separated flow. Based on collective workshop experiences, recommendations for improvements in mesh generation technology that have the potential to impact the state of the art of aerodynamic drag prediction are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - GRIDS (Crisscross patterns)
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - DRAGS (Hydrography)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 43251733; Source Information: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p935; Subject Term: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: GRIDS (Crisscross patterns); Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: DRAGS (Hydrography); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 16p; ; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.39201
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=43251733&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herring, G. C.
T1  - Noninvasive Measurement of Velocity, Pressure, and Temperature in Unseeded Supersonic Air Vortices.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1074
EP  - 1076
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The article presents Stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy (SRGS) measurements that profile offbody flow parameters in the vortex of a delta wing. SRGS is a laser method being developed for different noninvasive diagnostic applications. Coherent Raman scattering from nitrogen in unseeded air is being used in the SRGS method. The potential of the SRGS laser diagnostics for noninvasive and quantitative offbody flow measurements for several applications is illustrated which include vortex and other flowfield studies, validation of computational fluid dynamics, and wind-tunnel optimization.
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Triangular wings
KW  - FLOW meters
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 43251749; Source Information: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p1074; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Triangular wings; Subject Term: FLOW meters; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.42004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=43251749&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
AU  - Di Sciuva, Marco
AU  - Gherlone, Marco
T1  - A Refined Zigzag Beam Theory for Composite and Sandwich Beams.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1051
EP  - 1081
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A new refined theory for laminated composite and sandwich beams that contains the kinematics of the Timoshenko Beam Theory as a proper baseline subset is presented. This variationally consistent theory is derived from the virtual work principle and employs a novel piecewise linear zigzag function that provides a more realistic representation of the deformation states of transverse-shear flexible beams than other similar theories. This new zigzag function is unique in that it vanishes at the top and bottom bounding surfaces of a beam. The formulation does not enforce continuity of the transverse shear stress across the beam's cross-section, yet is robust. Two major shortcomings that are inherent in the previous zigzag theories, shear-force inconsistency and difficulties in simulating clamped boundary conditions, and that have greatly limited the utility of these previous theories are discussed in detail. An approach that has successfully resolved these shortcomings is presented herein. Exact solutions for simply supported and cantilevered beams subject to static loads are derived and the improved modelling capability of the new 'zigzag' beam theory is demonstrated. In particular, extensive results for thick beams with highly heterogeneous material lay-ups are discussed and compared with corresponding results obtained from elasticity solutions, two other 'zigzag' theories, and high-fidelity finite element analyses. Comparisons with the baseline Timoshenko Beam Theory are also presented. The comparisons clearly show the improved accuracy of the new, refined 'zigzag' theory presented herein over similar existing theories. This new theory can be readily extended to plate and shell structures, and should be useful for obtaining relatively low-cost, accurate estimates of structural response needed to design an important class of high-performance aerospace structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - BUILDING materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - composite beams
KW  - sandwich beams
KW  - shear deformation
KW  - virtual work principle
KW  - zigzag kinematics
N1  - Accession Number: 39773730; Tessler, Alexander 1; Di Sciuva, Marco 2; Gherlone, Marco 2; Email Address: marco.gherlone@polito.it; Source Information: May2009, Vol. 43 Issue 9, p1051; Subject: STRENGTH of materials; Subject: BUILDING materials; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite beams; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich beams; Author-Supplied Keyword: shear deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: virtual work principle; Author-Supplied Keyword: zigzag kinematics; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 19 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998308097730
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=39773730&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105533020
T1  - Determinants of time to fatigue during nonmotorized treadmill exercise.
AU  - De Witt JK
AU  - Lee SMC
AU  - Wilson CA
AU  - Hagan RD
Y1  - 2009/05//
N1  - Accession Number: 105533020. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090814. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Grant Information: Exercise Countermeasures Project at NASA Johnson Space Center. NLM UID: 9415084. 
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - Exercise Physiology
KW  - Physical Endurance
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Treadmills
KW  - Adult
KW  - Body Weights and Measures
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Cox Proportional Hazards Model
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Exercise Intensity -- Evaluation
KW  - Exercise Test, Cardiopulmonary
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Heart Rate -- Evaluation
KW  - Kaplan-Meier Estimator
KW  - Log-Rank Test
KW  - Male
KW  - Odds Ratio
KW  - Oxygen Consumption -- Evaluation
KW  - Survival Analysis
KW  - Texas
KW  - Human
SP  - 883
EP  - 890
JO  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JF  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JA  - J STRENGTH CONDITION RES (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS WILKINS)
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - Treadmill exercise is commonly used for aerobic and anaerobic conditioning. During nonmotorized treadmill exercise, the subject must provide the power necessary to drive the treadmill belt. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors affected the time to fatigue on a pair of nonmotorized treadmills. Twenty subjects (10 men/10 women) attempted to complete 5 minutes of locomotion during separate trials at 3.22, 4.83, 6.44, 8.05, 9.66, and 11.27 kmxh. Total exercise time (<or=5 minutes) was recorded. Exercise time was converted to the number of 15-second intervals completed. Peak oxygen uptake (Vo2) was measured using a graded exercise test on a standard treadmill, and anthropometric measures were collected from each subject before their entrance into the study. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine significant predictive factors in a multivariate analysis. Treadmill speed and absolute peak Vo2 were found to be significant predictors of exercise time, but there was no effect of anthropometric characteristics. Gender was found to be a predictor of treadmill time, but this was likely attributable to a higher peak Vo2 in men than in women. The results were not affected by the type of treadmill tested in this study. Coaches and therapists should consider the cardiovascular fitness of an athlete or client when prescribing target speed because these factors are related to the total exercise time that can be achieved on a nonmotorized treadmill.
SN  - 1064-8011
AD  - Wyle's Life Sciences Group, Houston, Texas, USA. john.k.dewitt@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 19387389.
DO  - 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a04de9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=105533020&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blank, J.G.
AU  - Green, S.J.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Valley, J.W.
AU  - Kita, N.T.
AU  - Treiman, A.
AU  - Dobson, P.F.
T1  - An alkaline spring system within the Del Puerto Ophiolite (California, USA): A Mars analog site
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 57
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 533
EP  - 540
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Mars appears to have experienced little compositional differentiation of primitive lithosphere, and thus much of the surface of Mars is covered by mafic lavas. On Earth, mafic and ultramafic rocks present in ophiolites, oceanic crust and upper mantle that have been obducted onto land, are therefore good analogs for Mars. The characteristic mineralogy, aqueous geochemistry, and microbial communities of cold-water alkaline springs associated with these mafic and ultramafic rocks represent a particularly compelling analog for potential life-bearing systems. Serpentinization, the reaction of water with mafic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene, yields fluids with unusual chemistry (Mg–OH and Ca–OH waters with pH values up to ∼12), as well as heat and hydrogen gas that can sustain subsurface, chemosynthetic ecosystems. The recent observation of seeps from pole-facing crater and canyon walls in the higher Martian latitudes supports the hypothesis that even present conditions might allow for a rock-hosted chemosynthetic biosphere in near-surface regions of the Martian crust. The generation of methane within a zone of active serpentinization, through either abiogenic or biogenic processes, could account for the presence of methane detected in the Martian atmosphere. For all of these reasons, studies of terrestrial alkaline springs associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks are particularly timely. This study focuses on the alkaline Adobe Springs, emanating from mafic and ultramafic rocks of the California Coast Range, where a community of novel bacteria is associated with the precipitation of Mg–Ca carbonate cements. The carbonates may serve as a biosignature that could be used in the search for evidence of life on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aquatic microbiology
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Springs -- California
KW  - Ophiolites
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - EARTH analogs
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - California
KW  - Alkaline springs
KW  - Biosignature
KW  - Dolomite
KW  - Mars analog
N1  - Accession Number: 39352749; Blank, J.G. 1,2; Email Address: jblank@seti.org; Green, S.J. 2; Blake, D. 2; Valley, J.W. 3; Kita, N.T. 3; Treiman, A. 4; Dobson, P.F. 5; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 4: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 5: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Issue Info: May2009, Vol. 57 Issue 5/6, p533; Thesaurus Term: Aquatic microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Springs -- California; Subject Term: Ophiolites; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: EARTH analogs; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkaline springs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosignature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dolomite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars analog; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.11.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=39352749&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Ferris, Justin C.
AU  - Finch, Michael
AU  - Furfaro, Roberto
AU  - Hare, Trent M.
AU  - Janes, Daniel M.
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Karunatillake, Suniti
AU  - Keller, John
AU  - Kerry, Kris
AU  - Kim, Kyeong J.
AU  - Komatsu, Goro
AU  - Mahaney, William C.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Marinangeli, Lucia
AU  - Ori, Gian G.
AU  - Ruiz, Javier
T1  - GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 57
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 664
EP  - 684
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (Mars Odyssey spacecraft) has revealed elemental distributions of potassium (K), thorium (Th), and iron (Fe) on Mars that require fractionation of K (and possibly Th and Fe) consistent with aqueous activity. This includes weathering, evolution of soils, and transport, sorting, and deposition, as well as with the location of first-order geomorphological demarcations identified as possible paleoocean boundaries. The element abundances occur in patterns consistent with weathering in situ and possible presence of relict or exhumed paleosols, deposition of weathered materials (salts and clastic minerals), and weathering/transport under neutral to acidic brines. The abundances are explained by hydrogeology consistent with the possibly overlapping alternatives of paleooceans and/or heterogeneous rock compositions from diverse provenances (e.g., differing igneous compositions). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Paleoceanography
KW  - Hydrogeology
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Gamma ray spectrometry
KW  - Chemical elements
KW  - Paleoweathering
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Elemental
KW  - Gamma-ray spectrometer
KW  - Mars
KW  - Oceans
KW  - Water
N1  - Accession Number: 39352762; Dohm, James M. 1,2; Email Address: jmd@hwr.arizona.edu; Baker, Victor R. 1,2; Boynton, William V. 2; Fairén, Alberto G. 3; Ferris, Justin C. 4; Finch, Michael 2; Furfaro, Roberto 5; Hare, Trent M. 6; Janes, Daniel M. 2; Kargel, Jeffrey S. 1; Karunatillake, Suniti 7; Keller, John 8; Kerry, Kris 2; Kim, Kyeong J. 9; Komatsu, Goro 10; Mahaney, William C. 11,12; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 13; Marinangeli, Lucia 10; Ori, Gian G. 10; Ruiz, Javier 14; Affiliations: 1: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: California Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA; 5: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 6: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 7: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 8: Department of Physics, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, CA 9340, USA; 9: Geological and Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, South Korea; 10: International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, Pescara, Italy; 11: Geomorphology and Pedology Laboratory, York University, Atkinson College, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3; 12: Quaternary Surveys, Thornhill, Ontario, Canada L4J 1J4; 13: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; 14: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Issue Info: May2009, Vol. 57 Issue 5/6, p664; Thesaurus Term: Paleoceanography; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogeology; Thesaurus Term: Geomorphology; Subject Term: Gamma ray spectrometry; Subject Term: Chemical elements; Subject Term: Paleoweathering; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Elemental; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma-ray spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oceans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=39352762&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, M.E.
AU  - Farrand, W.H.
AU  - Johnson, J.R.
AU  - Schröder, C.
AU  - Hurowitz, J.A.
AU  - McCoy, T.J.
AU  - Ruff, S.W.
AU  - Arvidson, R.E.
AU  - Des Marais, D.J.
AU  - Lewis, K.W.
AU  - Ming, D.W.
AU  - Squyres, S.W.
AU  - de Souza, P.A.
T1  - Spectral, mineralogical, and geochemical variations across Home Plate, Gusev Crater, Mars indicate high and low temperature alteration
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2009/05/15/
VL  - 281
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 258
EP  - 266
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Over the last ~3 years in Gusev Crater, Mars, the Spirit rover observed coherent variations in color, mineralogy, and geochemistry across Home Plate, an ~80 m-diameter outcrop of basaltic tephra. Observations of Home Plate from orbit and from the summit of Husband Hill reveal clear differences in visible/near-infrared (VNIR) colors between its eastern and western regions that are consistent with mineralogical compositions indicated by Mössbauer spectrometer (MB) and by Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES). Pyroxene and magnetite dominate the east side, while olivine, nanophase Fe oxide (npOx) and glass are more abundant on the western side. Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) observations reveal that eastern Home Plate has higher Si/Mg, Al, Zn, Ni, and K, while Cl and Br are higher in the west. We propose that these variations are the result of two distinct alteration regimes that may or may not be temporally related: a localized, higher temperature recrystallization and alteration of the east side of Home Plate and lower temperature alteration of the western side that produced npOx. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Mössbauer spectroscopy
KW  - Pyroxene
KW  - Magnetite
KW  - Gusev Crater (Mars)
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Gusev Crater
KW  - hydrothermal alteration
KW  - Mars geology
N1  - Accession Number: 37816091; Schmidt, M.E. 1; Email Address: schmidtm@si.edu; Farrand, W.H. 2; Johnson, J.R. 3; Schröder, C. 4; Hurowitz, J.A. 5; McCoy, T.J. 1; Ruff, S.W. 6; Arvidson, R.E. 7; Des Marais, D.J. 8; Lewis, K.W. 9; Ming, D.W. 10; Squyres, S.W. 11; de Souza, P.A. 12; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States; 2: Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States; 3: Astrogeology Team, United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, United States; 4: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States; 6: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States; 7: Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; 8: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 9: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; 10: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, United States; 11: Dept. of Astronomy, Space Sciences Bldg., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States; 12: Tasmanian ICT Center, CSIRO, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Issue Info: May2009, Vol. 281 Issue 3/4, p258; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Mineralogy; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Mössbauer spectroscopy; Subject Term: Pyroxene; Subject Term: Magnetite; Subject Term: Gusev Crater (Mars); Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gusev Crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrothermal alteration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars geology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, Wuyin
AU  - Zhang, Minghua
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
T1  - Seasonal Variation of the Physical Properties of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds off the California Coast.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/05/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2624
EP  - 2638
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds can significantly regulate the sensitivity of climate models, yet they are currently poorly simulated. This study aims to characterize the seasonal variations of physical properties of these clouds and their associated processes by using multisatellite data. Measurements from several independent satellite datasets [International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System–Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (CERES–MODIS), Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)], in conjunction with balloon soundings from the mobile facility of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program at Point Reyes and reanalysis products, are used to characterize the seasonal variations of MBL cloud-top and cloud-base heights, cloud thickness, the degree of decoupling between clouds and MBL, and inversion strength off the California coast. The main results from this study are as follows: (i) MBL clouds over the northeast subtropical Pacific in the summer are more prevalent and associated with a larger in-cloud water path than in winter. The cloud-top and cloud-base heights are lower in the summer than in the winter. (ii) Although the lower-tropospheric stability of the atmosphere is higher in the summer, the MBL inversion strength is only weakly stronger in the summer because of a negative feedback from the cloud-top altitude. Summertime MBL clouds are more homogeneous and are associated with lower surface latent heat flux than those in the winter. (iii) Seasonal variations of low-cloud properties from summer to winter resemble the downstream stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition of MBL clouds in terms of MBL depth, cloud-top and cloud-base heights, inversion strength, and spatial homogeneity. The “deepening–warming” mechanism of Bretherton and Wyant for the stratocumulus-to-trade-cumulus transition downstream of the cold eastern ocean can also explain the seasonal variation of low clouds from the summer to the winter, except that warming of the sea surface temperature needs to be taken as relative to the free-tropospheric air temperature, which occurs in the winter. The observed variation of low clouds from summer to winter is attributed to the much larger seasonal cooling of the free-tropospheric air temperature than that of the sea surface temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Long-range weather forecasting
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 39984176; Lin, Wuyin 1,2; Email Address: wlin@atmsci.msrc.sunysb.edu; Zhang, Minghua 1; Loeb, Norman G. 3; Affiliations: 1: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; 2: Corresponding author address: Dr. Wuyin Lin, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: May2009, Vol. 22 Issue 10, p2624; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Long-range weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject: California; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Markham, Brian L.
AU  - Helder, Dennis L.
T1  - Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/05/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 893
EP  - 903
SN  - 00344257
AB  - This paper provides a summary of the current equations and rescaling factors for converting calibrated Digital Numbers (DNs) to absolute units of at-sensor spectral radiance, Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, and at-sensor brightness temperature. It tabulates the necessary constants for the Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensors. These conversions provide a basis for standardized comparison of data in a single scene or between images acquired on different dates or by different sensors. This paper forms a needed guide for Landsat data users who now have access to the entire Landsat archive at no cost. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Thematic maps
KW  - Detectors
KW  - At-sensor brightness temperature
KW  - At-sensor spectral radiance
KW  - EO-1 ALI
KW  - Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+
KW  - Radiometric characterization & calibration
KW  - Top-of-atmosphere reflectance
N1  - Accession Number: 37575621; Chander, Gyanesh 1; Email Address: gchander@usgs.gov; Markham, Brian L. 2; Helder, Dennis L. 3; Affiliations: 1: SGT, Inc. 1 contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA; Issue Info: May2009, Vol. 113 Issue 5, p893; Thesaurus Term: Radiation measurements; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Thematic maps; Subject Term: Detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: At-sensor brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: At-sensor spectral radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: EO-1 ALI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometric characterization & calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Top-of-atmosphere reflectance; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Shindell, Drew
T1  - Protecting the environment can boost the economy.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/05/21/
VL  - 459
IS  - 7245
M3  - Letter
SP  - 321
EP  - 321
SN  - 00280836
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented concerning the role of environmental economics within the parameters of sustaining natural ecosystems.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Environmental economics
N1  - Accession Number: 39987358; Shindell, Drew 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York 10025, USA drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov; Issue Info: 5/21/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7245, p321; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Environmental economics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/459321b
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
T1  - Earth science: Life battered but unbowed.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/05/21/
VL  - 459
IS  - 7245
M3  - Article
SP  - 335
EP  - 336
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article discusses research pertaining to the emergence of sustained life on Earth. Conventional theories on this subject postulate that any life existing on the planet’s surface was eradicated 100 million years after its formation due to the impact of lunar debris such as asteroids during a period known as the late heavy bombardment (LHB). While this theory has used the lineage of life stemming from prokaryotic and eukaryotic life, as well as the discovery of zircons in ancient rocks, to support its legitimacy, the present study suggests that these criteria are incorrect. Using numerical models of impact-generated heat in the Earth’s crust, the researchers posit that only 37% of the Earth’s surface was sterilized in the LHB.
KW  - Terrestrial heat flow
KW  - Impact of asteroids with Earth
KW  - Prokaryotes
KW  - Eukaryotic cells
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Life (Biology) -- History
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Crust
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- History
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Earth (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 39987350; Rothschild, Lynn J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Lynn J. Rothschild is at the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA. lynn.j.rothschild@nasa.gov; Issue Info: 5/21/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7245, p335; Thesaurus Term: Terrestrial heat flow; Thesaurus Term: Impact of asteroids with Earth; Thesaurus Term: Prokaryotes; Thesaurus Term: Eukaryotic cells; Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Subject Term: Life (Biology) -- History; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Crust; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- History; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/459335a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Gago-Duport, Luis
AU  - Amils, Ricardo
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Stability against freezing of aqueous solutions on early Mars.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/05/21/
VL  - 459
IS  - 7245
M3  - Article
SP  - 401
EP  - 404
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Many features of the Martian landscape are thought to have been formed by liquid water flow and water-related mineralogies on the surface of Mars are widespread and abundant. Several lines of evidence, however, suggest that Mars has been cold with mean global temperatures well below the freezing point of pure water. Martian climate modellers considering a combination of greenhouse gases at a range of partial pressures find it challenging to simulate global mean Martian surface temperatures above 273 K, and local thermal sources cannot account for the widespread distribution of hydrated and evaporitic minerals throughout the Martian landscape. Solutes could depress the melting point of water in a frozen Martian environment, providing a plausible solution to the early Mars climate paradox. Here we model the freezing and evaporation processes of Martian fluids with a composition resulting from the weathering of basalts, as reflected in the chemical compositions at Mars landing sites. Our results show that a significant fraction of weathering fluids loaded with Si, Fe, S, Mg, Ca, Cl, Na, K and Al remain in the liquid state at temperatures well below 273 K. We tested our model by analysing the mineralogies yielded by the evolution of the solutions: the resulting mineral assemblages are analogous to those actually identified on the Martian surface. This stability against freezing of Martian fluids can explain saline liquid water activity on the surface of Mars at mean global temperatures well below 273 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solution (Chemistry)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Greenhouse gases -- Research
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Cryoscopy
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 39987372; Fairén, Alberto G. 1; Davila, Alfonso F. 1; Gago-Duport, Luis 2; Amils, Ricardo 3; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: Departamento de Geociencias Marinas, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36200, Spain; 3: [1] Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz 28850, Madrid, Spain [2] Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain; Issue Info: 5/21/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7245, p401; Thesaurus Term: Solution (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: METEOROLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases -- Research; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Cryoscopy; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature07978
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Knoll, H.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Ashley, J. W.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Calvin, W. M.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Cohen, B. A.
AU  - de Souza Jr., P. A.
AU  - Edgar, L.
AU  - Farrand, W. H.
AU  - Fleischer, I.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
AU  - Hayes, A.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
T1  - Exploration of Victoria Crater by the Mars Rover Opportunity.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/05/22/
VL  - 324
IS  - 5930
M3  - Article
SP  - 1058
EP  - 1061
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars rover Opportunity has explored Victoria crater, a -750-meter eroded impact crater formed in sulfate-rich sedimentary rocks. Impact-related stratigraphy is preserved in the crater walls, and meteoritic debris is present near the crater rim. The size of hematite-rich concretions decreases up-section, documenting variation in the intensity of groundwater processes. Layering in the crater walls preserves evidence of ancient wind-blown dunes. Compositional variations with depth mimic those -6 kilometers to the north and demonstrate that water-induced alteration at Meridiani Planum was regional in scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Sedimentary rocks
KW  - Microspacecraft
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Sand dunes
N1  - Accession Number: 40922511; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu; Knoll, H. 2; Arvidson, R. E. 3; Ashley, J. W. 4; Bell III, J. F. 1; Calvin, W. M. 5; Christensen, P. R. 4; Clark, B. C. 6; Cohen, B. A. 7; de Souza Jr., P. A. 8; Edgar, L. 9; Farrand, W. H. 10; Fleischer, I. 11; Gellert, R. 12; Golombek, M. P. 13; Grant, J. 14; Grotzinger, J. 9; Hayes, A. 9; Herkenhoff, K. E. 15; Johnson, J. R. 15; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02338, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63031, USA; 4: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 5: University of Nevada, Reno, Geological Sciences, Reno, NV 89557, USA; 6: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Right Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; 8: Tasmanian Information and Communication Technologies Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Castray Esplanade, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia; 9: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 10: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; 11: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany; 12: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada; 13: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 14: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA; 15: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; Issue Info: 5/22/2009, Vol. 324 Issue 5930, p1058; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentary rocks; Subject Term: Microspacecraft; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Sand dunes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Situational Pressures on Aviation Decision Making: Goal Seduction and Situation Aversion.
AU  - Bearman, Chris
AU  - Paletz, Susannah B. F.
AU  - Orasanu, Judith
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 80
IS  - 6
SP  - 556
EP  - 560
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 41980106; Author: Bearman, Chris: 1 email: chris.bearman@unisa.edu.au. Author: Paletz, Susannah B. F.: 1 Author: Orasanu, Judith: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; No. of Pages: 5; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20090620
N2  - Introduction: The context in which a decision is made can shape the decision process in important ways. Of particular interest here are 'strong' situations, that is, contexts where the situation itself exerts an influence on decision making. Borrowing concepts from field theory and approach/avoidance theory, this paper explores the influence of strong situations on pilot decision making. Method: There were 28 pilots flying in Alaska who were interviewed using a critical incident technique where participants were asked to relate stories about challenging flying situations. A bottom-up qualitative analysis of reported social and psychological pressures revealed a range of types, including strong situations, which are described in this paper. Results: Strong situations were mentioned in 67% of the interviews and included situations likely to motivate the pilot toward unsafe behavior (goal seduction) and situations likely to motivate the pilot away from safe behavior (situation aversion). Goal seduction situations included rescuing others, meeting a significant other, time-related constraints, financial pressures, and unspecified goal seduction; aversive situations included physical discomfort, not having maintenance or facilities for the airplane, and a lack of basic necessities (e.g., lodging) for the pilot. Discussion: Goal seduction describes one broad, unspecified influence on pilot decision making, but situation aversion is also an important motivator for some pilots. Goal seduction and situation aversion may well underlie the phenomena of plan continuation errors, the tendency for pilots to continue despite evidence suggesting it is imprudent. This study suggests some specific factors that constrain decision making for pilots in challenging situations. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *DECISION making
KW  - *AIR pilots
KW  - *SOCIAL pressure
KW  - AVERSION
KW  - INDIVIDUAL differences
KW  - ALASKA
KW  - Alaska
KW  - goal seduction
KW  - plan continuation errors
KW  - situation aversion
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olson, S.L.
AU  - Miller, F.J.
AU  - Jahangirian, S.
AU  - Wichman, I.S.
T1  - Flame spread over thin fuels in actual and simulated microgravity conditions
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 156
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1214
EP  - 1226
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Most previous research on flame spread over solid surfaces has involved flames in open areas. In this study, the flame spreads in a narrow gap, as occurs in fires behind walls or inside electronic equipment. This geometry leads to interesting flame behaviors not typically seen in open flame spread, and also reproduces some of the conditions experienced by microgravity flames. Two sets of experiments are described, one involving flame spread in a Narrow Channel Apparatus (NCA) in normal gravity, and the others taking place in actual microgravity. Three primary variables are considered: flow velocity, oxygen concentration, and gap size (or effect of heat loss). When the oxidizer flow is reduced at either gravity level, the initially uniform flame front becomes corrugated and breaks into separate flamelets. This breakup behavior allows the flame to keep propagating below standard extinction limits by increasing the oxidizer transport to the flame, but has not been observed in other microgravity experiments due to the narrow samples employed. Breakup cannot be studied in typical (i.e., “open”) normal gravity test facilities due to buoyancy-induced opposed flow velocities that are larger than the forced velocities in the flamelet regime. Flammability maps are constructed that delineate the uniform regime, the flamelet regime, and extinction limits for thin cellulose samples. Good agreement is found between flame and flamelet spread rate and flamelet size between the two facilities. Supporting calculations using FLUENT suggest that for small gaps buoyancy is suppressed and exerts a negligible influence on the flow pattern for inlet velocities ⩾5 cm/s. The experiments show that in normal gravity the flamelets are a fire hazard since they can persist in small gaps where they are hard to detect. The results also indicate that the NCA quantitatively captures the essential features of the microgravity tests for thin fuels in opposed flow. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Surface chemistry
KW  - Flame spread
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Electronic apparatus & appliances
KW  - Fire extinction
KW  - Scientific experimentation
KW  - Flamelet
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Narrow channel
KW  - Near-limit
KW  - Thin fuel
N1  - Accession Number: 38806371; Olson, S.L. 1; Email Address: Sandra.L.Olson@nasa.gov; Miller, F.J. 2; Jahangirian, S. 3; Wichman, I.S. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-5, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 2: San Diego State University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; 3: Michigan State University, 2555 Engineering Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 156 Issue 6, p1214; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Surface chemistry; Subject Term: Flame spread; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Electronic apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: Fire extinction; Subject Term: Scientific experimentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flamelet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Narrow channel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-limit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin fuel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.01.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105496105
T1  - Strategies of healthy adults walking on a laterally oscillating treadmill.
AU  - Brady RA
AU  - Peters BT
AU  - Bloomberg JJ
Y1  - 2009/06//
N1  - Accession Number: 105496105. Language: English. Entry Date: 20090807. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 9416830. 
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Balance, Postural -- Physiology
KW  - Locomotion -- Physiology
KW  - Motor Skills
KW  - Adult
KW  - Biomechanics
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
SP  - 645
EP  - 649
JO  - Gait & Posture
JF  - Gait & Posture
JA  - GAIT POSTURE
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
PB  - Elsevier Science
SN  - 0966-6362
AD  - Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, TX 77058, USA. rachel.brady-1@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 19233653.
DO  - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2009.01.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marion, G.M.
AU  - Crowley, J.K.
AU  - Thomson, B.J.
AU  - Kargel, J.S.
AU  - Bridges, N.T.
AU  - Hook, S.J.
AU  - Baldridge, A.
AU  - Brown, A.J.
AU  - Ribeiro da Luz, B.
AU  - de Souza Filho, C.R.
T1  - Modeling aluminum–silicon chemistries and application to Australian acidic playa lakes as analogues for Mars
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 73
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3493
EP  - 3511
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Recent Mars missions have stimulated considerable thinking about the surficial geochemical evolution of Mars. Among the major relevant findings are the presence in Meridiani Planum sediments of the mineral jarosite (a ferric sulfate salt) and related minerals that require formation from an acid–salt brine and oxidizing environment. Similar mineralogies have been observed in acidic saline lake sediments in Western Australia (WA), and these lakes have been proposed as analogues for acidic sedimentary environments on Mars. The prior version of the equilibrium chemical thermodynamic FREZCHEM model lacked Al and Si chemistries that are needed to appropriately model acidic aqueous geochemistries on Earth and Mars. The objectives of this work were to (1) add Al and Si chemistries to the FREZCHEM model, (2) extend these chemistries to low temperatures (<0°C), if possible, and (3) use the reformulated model to investigate parallels in the mineral precipitation behavior of acidic Australian lakes and hypothetical Martian brines. FREZCHEM is an equilibrium chemical thermodynamic model parameterized for concentrated electrolyte solutions using the Pitzer approach for the temperature range from <−70 to 25°C and the pressure range from 1 to 1000 bars. Aluminum chloride and sulfate mineral parameterizations were based on experimental data. Aluminum hydroxide and silicon mineral parameterizations were based on Gibbs free energy and enthalpy data. New aluminum and silicon parameterizations added 12 new aluminum/silicon minerals to this Na–K–Mg–Ca–Fe(II)–Fe(III)–Al–H–Cl–Br–SO4–NO3–OH–HCO3–CO3–CO2–O2–CH4–Si–H2O system that now contain 95 solid phases. There were similarities, differences, and uncertainties between Australian acidic, saline playa lakes and waters that likely led to the Burns formation salt accumulations on Mars. Both systems are similar in that they are dominated by (1) acidic, saline ground waters and sediments, (2) Ca and/or Mg sulfates, and (3) iron precipitates such as jarosite and hematite. Differences include: (1) the dominance of NaCl in many WA lakes, versus the dominance of Fe–Mg–Ca–SO4 in Meridiani Planum, (2) excessively low K+ concentrations in Meridiani Planum due to jarosite precipitation, (3) higher acid production in the presence of high iron concentrations in Meridiani Planum, and probably lower rates of acid neutralization and hence, higher acidities on Mars owing to colder temperatures, and (4) lateral salt patterns in WA lakes. The WA playa lakes display significant lateral variations in mineralogy and water chemistry over short distances, reflecting the interaction of acid ground waters with neutral to alkaline lake waters derived from ponded surface runoff. Meridiani Planum observations indicate that such lateral variations are much less pronounced, pointing to the dominant influence of ground water chemistry, vertical ground water movements, and aeolian processes on the Martian surface mineralogy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Playas
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Geochemical modeling
KW  - Jarosite
KW  - Chemical equilibrium
KW  - Thermodynamic equilibrium
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Western Australia
N1  - Accession Number: 39353535; Marion, G.M. 1; Email Address: giles.marion@dri.edu; Crowley, J.K. 2; Thomson, B.J. 3; Kargel, J.S. 4; Bridges, N.T. 5; Hook, S.J. 5; Baldridge, A. 5; Brown, A.J. 6; Ribeiro da Luz, B. 2; de Souza Filho, C.R. 7; Affiliations: 1: Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA; 2: US Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA; 3: The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 4: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 7: University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 73 Issue 11, p3493; Thesaurus Term: Playas; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Geochemical modeling; Subject Term: Jarosite; Subject Term: Chemical equilibrium; Subject Term: Thermodynamic equilibrium; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject: Western Australia; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - lyomoto, N.
AU  - Bandler, S. R.
AU  - Brekosky, R. P.
AU  - Brown, A.-D.
AU  - Chervenak, J. A.
AU  - Eckart, M. E.
AU  - Finkbeiner, F. M.
AU  - Kelley, R. L.
AU  - Kilbourne, C. A.
AU  - Porter, F. S.
AU  - Sadleir, J. E.
AU  - Smith, S. J.
T1  - Heat Sinking, Crosstalk, and Temperature Uniformity for Large Close-Packed Microcalorimeter Arrays.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
PY  - 2009/06//Jun2009 Part 1 of 3
Y1  - 2009/06//Jun2009 Part 1 of 3
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 557
EP  - 560
SN  - 10518223
AB  - In a large close-packed array of x-ray microcalorimeters, sufficient heat sinking is important to minimize thermal crosstalk between pixels and to make the bath temperature of all the pixels uniform. We have measured crosstalk in our 8 x 8 pixel arrays. The shapes of the thermal crosstalk pulses are reproduced well as a convolution of heat input from the source pixel and the thermal decay in the receiver pixel. The amount of the thermal crosstalk is clearly dependent on the degree of electrothermal feedback. We have compared the magnitude of thermal crosstalk with and without a heat-sinking copper layer on the backside of the silicon frame as a function of distance between the source and receiver pixels. Using the results obtained, we have estimated the degradation of energy resolution that is expected as a function of count rate. We have also studied the temperature distribution within an array due to continuous heating from the TES bias to estimate impacts on the uniformity of the pixel performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT sinks (Electronics)
KW  - CROSSTALK
KW  - CALORIMETERS
KW  - RESOLUTION (Optics)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 43868762; Source Information: Jun2009 Part 1 of 3, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p557; Subject Term: HEAT sinks (Electronics); Subject Term: CROSSTALK; Subject Term: CALORIMETERS; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Optics); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 4p; ; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017704
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hui Zhang
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Application of Flow Boiling for Thermal Management of Electronics in Microgravity and Reduced-Gravity Space Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
PY  - 2009/06//
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 466
EP  - 477
SN  - 15213331
AB  - Large density differences between liquid and vapor create buoyancy effects in the presence of a gravitational field. Such effects can play an important role in two-phase fluid flow and heat transfer, especially critical heat flux (CHF). CHF poses significant risk to electronic devices, and the ability to predict its magnitude is crucial to both the safety and reliability of these devices. Variations in the gravitational field perpendicular to a flow boiling surface can take several forms, from flows at different orientations at 19e to the microgravity environment of planetary orbit, to the reduced gravity on the Moon and Mars, and the high g's encountered in fighter aircraft during fast aerial maneuvers. While high coolant velocities can combat the detrimental effects of reduced gravity, limited power budget in space systems imposes stringent constraints on coolant flow rate. Thus, the task of dissipating the heat must be accomplished with the lowest possible flow velocity while safely avoiding CHF. In this paper, flow-boiling CHF is investigated on Earth as well as in reduced gravity parabolic flight experiments using FC-72 as working fluid. CHF showed sensitivity to gravity at low velocities, with microgravity yielding significantly lower CHF values compared to those at lge. Differences in CHF value decreased with increasing flow velocity until a velocity limit was reached above which the effects of gravity became inconsequential. This proves existing data, correlations, and models developed from 19e studies can be employed with confidence to design reduced gravity thermal management systems, provided the flow velocity is maintained above this limit. This paper discusses two powerful predictive tools. The first, which consist of three dimensionless criteria, centers on determination of the velocity limit. The second is a theoretically based model for flow boiling CHF in reduced gravity below this velocity limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL fields
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances -- Cooling
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 43927204; Source Information: Jun2009, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p466; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL fields; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances -- Cooling; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Cartoon or Caricatures; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TCAPT.2008.2004413
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, Stuart A.
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
T1  - The Retrieval of Profiles of Particulate Extinction from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Data: Algorithm Description.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1105
EP  - 1119
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - This work describes the algorithms used for the fully automated retrieval of profiles of particulate extinction coefficients from the attenuated backscatter data acquired by the lidar on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft. The close interaction of the Hybrid Extinction Retrieval Algorithms (HERA) with the preceding processes that detect and classify atmospheric features (i.e., cloud and aerosol layers) is described within the context of the analysis of measurements from scenes of varying complexity. Two main components compose HERA: a top-level algorithm that selects the analysis pathway, the order of processing, and the analysis parameters, depending on the nature and spatial extent of the atmospheric features to be processed; and a profile solver or “extinction engine,” whose task it is to retrieve profiles of particulate extinction and backscatter coefficients from specified sections of an atmospheric scene defined by the top-level algorithm. The operation of these components is described using synthetic data derived from Lidar In Space Technology Experiment (LITE) measurements. The performance of the algorithms is illustrated using CALIPSO measurements acquired during the mission on 1 January 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 42321479; Young, Stuart A. 1; Email Address: stuart.young@csiro.au; Vaughan, Mark A. 2; Affiliations: 1: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p1105; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JTECHA1221.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Childs, Lauren
AU  - Brozen, Madeline W.
AU  - Gleason, Jonathan L.
AU  - Silcox, Tracey L.
AU  - Underwood, Lauren W.
T1  - NASA Applied Sciences' DEVELOP Program Fosters the Next Generation of Earth Remote Sensing Scientist.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 75
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 626
EP  - 632
SN  - 00991112
AB  - The article offers information on the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Applied Sciences' DEVELOP program for earth scientist in the U.S. It highlights the formation of the program in 1999, as well as the program's main vision in fostering the next generation of earth remote sensing scientist. It also accounts the evolution of DEVELOP program into a nationwide internship program. In addition, it delves into the contribution and opportunities provided by the program for students' research to be present at a national science and policy forums. Furthermore, details on the history and synopsis of activities from various DEVELOP team location in the country are cited.
KW  - Earth sciences -- Study & teaching
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Earth scientists -- Training of
KW  - Educational programs
KW  - Internship programs
KW  - Scientists -- Services for
KW  - Science interns
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 42225253; Childs, Lauren 1; Email Address: Lauren.m.childs@nasa.gov; Brozen, Madeline W. 1; Email Address: Madeline.w.brozen@nasa.gov; Gleason, Jonathan L. 2; Email Address: jonathan.I.gleason@nasa.gov; Silcox, Tracey L. 3; Email Address: Tracey.I.silcox@nasa.gov; Underwood, Lauren W. 3; Email Address: Lauren.w.underwood@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: DEVELOP, Stennis Space Center, MS; 2: NASA, Langley Research Center, VA; 3: SSAI, Langley Research Center, VA; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 75 Issue 6, p626; Thesaurus Term: Earth sciences -- Study & teaching; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Earth scientists -- Training of; Subject Term: Educational programs; Subject Term: Internship programs; Subject Term: Scientists -- Services for; Subject Term: Science interns; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGuire, Patrick C.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Brown, Adrian J.
AU  - Fraeman, Abigail A.
AU  - Marzo, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Frank Morgan, M.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Pelkey, Shannon M.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Seelos, Frank P.
AU  - Smith, Michael D.
AU  - Wendt, Lorenz
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
T1  - An improvement to the volcano-scan algorithm for atmospheric correction of CRISM and OMEGA spectral data
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 57
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 815
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The observations of Mars by the CRISM and OMEGA hyperspectral imaging spectrometers require correction for photometric, atmospheric and thermal effects prior to the interpretation of possible mineralogical features in the spectra. Here, we report on a simple, yet non-trivial, adaptation to the commonly-used volcano-scan correction technique for atmospheric CO2, which allows for the improved detection of minerals with intrinsic absorption bands at wavelengths between 1.9 and 2.1μm. This volcano-scan technique removes the absorption bands of CO2 by ensuring that the Lambert albedo is the same at two wavelengths: 1.890 and 2.011μm, with the first wavelength outside the CO2 gas bands and the second wavelength deep inside the CO2 gas bands. Our adaptation to the volcano-scan technique moves the first wavelength from 1.890μm to be instead within the gas bands at 1.980μm, and for CRISM data, our adaptation shifts the second wavelength slightly, to 2.007μm. We also report on our efforts to account for a slight ∼0.001μm shift in wavelengths due to thermal effects in the CRISM instrument. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Optical spectrometers
KW  - Astronomical photometry
KW  - Computer algorithms
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Correction for atmospheric CO2
KW  - Hyperspectral imaging
KW  - Mars
KW  - Surface Hydration
N1  - Accession Number: 40115905; McGuire, Patrick C. 1; Email Address: mcguirep@uchicago.edu; Bishop, Janice L. 2,3; Brown, Adrian J. 2; Fraeman, Abigail A. 4; Marzo, Giuseppe A. 3; Frank Morgan, M. 5; Murchie, Scott L. 5; Mustard, John F. 4; Parente, Mario 2; Pelkey, Shannon M. 4; Roush, Ted L. 3; Seelos, Frank P. 5; Smith, Michael D. 6; Wendt, Lorenz 1; Wolff, Michael J. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Planetary Science and Remote Sensing, Freie Universitaet, Malteserstr. 74, D-12249 Berlin, Germany; 2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, USA; 5: Applied Physics Lab, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA; 6: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p809; Thesaurus Term: Mineralogy; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Optical spectrometers; Subject Term: Astronomical photometry; Subject Term: Computer algorithms; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correction for atmospheric CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface Hydration; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2009.03.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luongo, Cesar A.
AU  - Masson, Philippe J.
AU  - Nam, Taewoo
AU  - Mavris, Dimitri
AU  - Kim, Hyun D.
AU  - Brown, Gerald V.
AU  - Waters, Mark
AU  - Hall, David
T1  - Next Generation More-Electric Aircraft: A Potential Application for HTS Superconductors.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
PY  - 2009/06/02/Jun2009 Part 2 of 3
Y1  - 2009/06/02/Jun2009 Part 2 of 3
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1068
SN  - 10518223
AB  - Sustainability in the aviation industry calls for aircraft that are significantly quieter and more fuel efficient than today's fleet. Achieving this will require revolutionary new concepts, in particular, electric propulsion. Superconducting machines offer the only viable path to achieve the power densities needed in airborne applications. This paper outlines the main issues involved in using superconductors for aeropropulsion. We review our investigation of the feasibility of superconducting electric propulsion, which integrate for the first time, the multiple disciplines and areas of expertise needed to design electric aircraft. It is shown that superconductivity is clearly the enabling technology for the more efficient turbo-electric aircraft of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRLINE industry
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTING composites
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
N1  - Accession Number: 43923669; Source Information: Jun2009 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p1055; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTING composites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Illustrations: 11 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Makida, Yasuhiro
AU  - Yamamoto, Akira
AU  - Yoshimura, Koji
AU  - Tanaka, Ken-ichi
AU  - Suzuki, Jun'ichi
AU  - Matsuda, Shinya
AU  - Hasegawa, Masata
AU  - Horikoshi, Atsushi
AU  - Shinoda, Ryoko
AU  - Sakai, Kenichi
AU  - Mizumaki, Shoichi
AU  - Onto, Reiko
AU  - Matsukawa, Yousuke
AU  - Kusumoto, Akira
AU  - Mitchell, John W.
AU  - Streitmatter, Robert E.
AU  - Hams, Thomas
AU  - Sasaki, Makoto
AU  - Thakur, Neeharika
T1  - he BESS-Polar Ultra-Thin Superconducting Solenoid Magnet and Its Operational Characteristics During Long-Duration Scientific Ballooning Over Antarctica.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
PY  - 2009/06/02/Jun2009 Part 2 of 3
Y1  - 2009/06/02/Jun2009 Part 2 of 3
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1315
EP  - 1319
SN  - 10518223
AB  - An ultra-thin superconducting solenoid has been developed for a cosmic-ray spectrometer ballooning over Antarctica, which is named BESS-Polar II. The coil with a diameter of 0.9 m, a length of 1.4 m and a thickness of 3.5 mm, is wound with high-strength aluminum stabilized superconductor and provides 0.8 T in the spectrometer. Based on the experience at the BESS-Polar-I solenoid flight for nine days in 2004, the BESS-Polar-Il solenoid, which was cryogenically improved, realized a persistent current mode operation for 25 days in the second flight campaign in December 2007 though January 2008. It has contributed to accumulate the cosmic-ray observation data with 4700 million events and 16 terabyte in a hard disk unit. This report will describe the second solenoid performance during the flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLENOIDS -- Evaluation
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - DATA disk drives
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - HARD disks (Computer science)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 43923723; Source Information: Jun2009 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p1315; Subject Term: SOLENOIDS -- Evaluation; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: DATA disk drives; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: HARD disks (Computer science); Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: ANTARCTICA; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017946
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Rodriguez, Sébastien
AU  - Le Mouélic, Stéphane
AU  - Rannou, Pascal
AU  - Tobie, Gabriel
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Griffith, Caitlin A.
AU  - Hirtzig, Mathieu
AU  - Pitman, Karly M.
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Nicholson, Phil D.
T1  - Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on Titan.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/06/04/
VL  - 459
IS  - 7247
M3  - Letter
SP  - 678
EP  - 682
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Clouds on Titan result from the condensation of methane and ethane and, as on other planets, are primarily structured by circulation of the atmosphere. At present, cloud activity mainly occurs in the southern (summer) hemisphere, arising near the pole and at mid-latitudes from cumulus updrafts triggered by surface heating and/or local methane sources, and at the north (winter) pole, resulting from the subsidence and condensation of ethane-rich air into the colder troposphere. General circulation models predict that this distribution should change with the seasons on a 15-year timescale, and that clouds should develop under certain circumstances at temperate latitudes (∼40°) in the winter hemisphere. The models, however, have hitherto been poorly constrained and their long-term predictions have not yet been observationally verified. Here we report that the global spatial cloud coverage on Titan is in general agreement with the models, confirming that cloud activity is mainly controlled by the global circulation. The non-detection of clouds at latitude ∼40° N and the persistence of the southern clouds while the southern summer is ending are, however, both contrary to predictions. This suggests that Titan’s equator-to-pole thermal contrast is overestimated in the models and that its atmosphere responds to the seasonal forcing with a greater inertia than expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Letters to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 40831290; Rodriguez, Sébastien 1,2; Le Mouélic, Stéphane 1; Rannou, Pascal 3,4; Tobie, Gabriel 1; Baines, Kevin H. 5; Barnes, Jason W. 6; Griffith, Caitlin A. 7; Hirtzig, Mathieu 8; Pitman, Karly M. 5; Sotin, Christophe 1,5; Brown, Robert H. 7; Buratti, Bonnie J. 5; Clark, Roger N. 9; Nicholson, Phil D. 10; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, CNRS, UMR 6112, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44000 Nantes, France; 2: Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris 7, CNRS UMR-7158, CEA-Saclay/DSM/IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France; 3: Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, CNRS UMR-6089, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; 4: LATMOS, CNRS UMR-7620, Université Versailles-St-Quentin, 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson, France; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 7: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0092, USA; 8: AOSS, PSL, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; 9: USGS, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA; 10: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Issue Info: 6/4/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7247, p678; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature08014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalton, J. B.
AU  - Palmer-Moloney, L. J.
AU  - Rogoff, D.
AU  - Hlavka, C.
AU  - Duncan, C.
T1  - Remote monitoring of hypersaline environments in San Francisco Bay, CA, USA.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/06/10/
VL  - 30
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2933
EP  - 2949
SN  - 01431161
AB  - As part of a historic remediation project, approximately 61 km2 of salt evaporation ponds in the southern portion of San Francisco Bay, CA (USA) are scheduled for restoration to natural tidal marsh habitat over the next several decades. We have investigated the correlation of remotely sensed infrared spectral information with in situ field measurements and sampling, and evaluated the usefulness of a remote sensing approach to monitor salinity and population distributions of microbial communities in the hypersaline ponds. The Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has created a ten-year archive of spectral information concerning these ponds. We utilized spectral signatures of microbial populations that are sensitive to salinity, and trained a supervised classification algorithm to identify physical parameters from an AVIRIS scene based upon microbe spectra gathered in the field using a portable visible to near-infrared (VNIR) spectrometer. Our results indicate that automated analyses of hyperspectral observations are capable of detecting variations in microbial populations and discriminating corresponding salinity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Ponds
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Environmental remediation
KW  - Environmental monitoring -- Remote sensing
KW  - Saline waters -- California
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - San Francisco Bay (Calif.)
KW  - California
KW  - United States
KW  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 42120517; Dalton, J. B. 1,2,3; Email Address: dalton@jpl.nasa.gov; Palmer-Moloney, L. J. 2,4; Rogoff, D. 1,2; Hlavka, C. 2; Duncan, C. 5; Affiliations: 1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 515 Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109, USA; 4: Barton College, PO Box 5000, Wilson, NC 27893-7000, USA; 5: Oregon State University, 202 Strand Agricultural Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 30 Issue 11, p2933; Thesaurus Term: Salinity; Thesaurus Term: Ponds; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Environmental remediation; Subject Term: Environmental monitoring -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: Saline waters -- California; Subject Term: Infrared spectra; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject: San Francisco Bay (Calif.); Subject: California; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160802558642
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Huang
AU  - Q. Fu
AU  - J. Su
AU  - Q. Tang
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Y. Hu
AU  - Y. Yi
AU  - Q. Zhao
T1  - Taklimakan dust aerosol radiative heating derived from CALIPSO observations using the Fu-Liou radiation model with CERES constraints.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/06/15/
VL  - 9
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4011
EP  - 4021
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The dust aerosol radiative forcing and heating rate over the Taklimakan Desert in Northwestern China in July 2006 are estimated using the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model along with satellite observations. The vertical distributions of the dust aerosol extinction coefficient are derived from the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) lidar measurements. The CERES (Cloud and the Earth's Energy Budget Scanner) measurements of reflected solar radiation are used to constrain the dust aerosol type in the radiative transfer model, which determines the dust aerosol single-scattering albedo and asymmetry factor as well as the aerosol optical properties' spectral dependencies. We find that the dust aerosols have a significant impact on the radiative energy budget over the Taklimakan desert. In the atmospheres containing light, moderate and heavy dust layers, the dust aerosols heat the atmosphere (daily mean) by up to 1, 2, and 3 K day[sup-1], respectively. The maximum daily mean radiative heating rate reaches 5.5 K day[sup-1] at 5 km on 29 July. The averaged daily mean net radiative effect of the dust are 44.4, -41.9, and 86.3 W m[sup-2], respectively, at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), surface, and in the atmosphere. Among these effects about two thirds of the warming effect at the TOA is related to the longwave radiation, while about 90% of the atmospheric warming is contributed by the solar radiation. At the surface, about one third of the dust solar radiative cooling effect is compensated by its longwave warming effect. The large modifications of radiative energy budget by the dust aerosols over Taklimakan Desert should have important implications for the atmospheric circulation and regional climate, topics for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Dust
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Temperature measurements
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Takla Makan Desert (China)
KW  - China
N1  - Accession Number: 42733928; J. Huang 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn; Q. Fu 1,2; J. Su 1; Q. Tang 1; Minnis, P. 3; Y. Hu 3; Y. Yi 4; Q. Zhao 5; Affiliations: 1: Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; 2: Department of Atmosphere Science, University of Washington, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 5: Gansu Meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou, 73000 China; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 12, p4011; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject: Takla Makan Desert (China); Subject: China; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balk, Melike
AU  - Bose, Milton
AU  - Ertem, Gözen
AU  - Rogoff, Dana A.
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
T1  - Oxidation of water to hydrogen peroxide at the rock–water interface due to stress-activated electric currents in rocks
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2009/06/15/
VL  - 283
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 92
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Common igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks contain dormant defects, which release electronic charge carriers when stressed. Rocks thereby behave like a battery. The charge carriers of interest are defect electrons h•, e.g. electronic states associated with O− in a matrix of O2−. Known as “positive holes” or pholes for short, the h• travel along stress gradients over distances on the order of meters in the laboratory and kilometers in the field. At rock–water interfaces the h• turn into •O radicals, e.g. highly reactive oxygen species, which oxidize H2O to H2O2. For every two h• charge carriers one H2O2 molecule is formed. In the laboratory the battery circuit is closed by running a Cu wire from the stressed to the unstressed rock. In the field closure of the circuit may be provided through the electrolytical conductivity of water. The discovery of h• charge carriers, their stress-activation, and their effect on Earth''s surface environment may help better understand the oxidation of the early Earth and the evolution of early life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Rock deformation
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Water
KW  - Rocks -- Electric properties
KW  - Charge transfer
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Solid-liquid interfaces
KW  - Electric currents
KW  - Metamorphic rocks
KW  - Igneous rocks
KW  - early Earth
KW  - early life
KW  - electric currents
KW  - hydrogen peroxide
KW  - oxidation
KW  - rock battery
KW  - rock–water interface
N1  - Accession Number: 40116410; Balk, Melike 1; Email Address: M.Balk@nioo.knaw.nl; Bose, Milton 2; Email Address: milton.bose@gmail.com; Ertem, Gözen 3; Email Address: gozen1ertem@gmail.com; Rogoff, Dana A. 4; Email Address: drogoff@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Rothschild, Lynn J. 1; Email Address: Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov; Freund, Friedemann T. 1,2,4; Email Address: friedemann.T.freund@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Code SSX, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 515 N Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 283 Issue 1-4, p87; Thesaurus Term: Rock deformation; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Water; Subject Term: Rocks -- Electric properties; Subject Term: Charge transfer; Subject Term: Hydrogen peroxide; Subject Term: Solid-liquid interfaces; Subject Term: Electric currents; Subject Term: Metamorphic rocks; Subject Term: Igneous rocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: early Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: early life; Author-Supplied Keyword: electric currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: rock battery; Author-Supplied Keyword: rock–water interface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairlie, T. Duncan
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Gilliland, Alice
AU  - Bradley Pierce, R.
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
AU  - Weber, Stephanie
AU  - Engel-Cox, Jill
AU  - Rogers, Raymond R.
AU  - Tikvart, Joe
AU  - Scheffe, Rich
AU  - Dimmick, Fred
T1  - Lagrangian sampling of 3-D air quality model results for regional transport contributions to sulfate aerosol concentrations at Baltimore, MD, in summer 2004
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2009/06/21/
VL  - 43
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 3275
EP  - 3288
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We use ensemble-mean Lagrangian sampling of a 3-D Eulerian air quality model, CMAQ, together with ground-based ambient monitors data from several air monitoring networks and satellite (MODIS) observations to provide source apportionment and regional transport vs. local contributions to sulfate aerosol and PM2.5 concentrations at Baltimore, MD, for summer 2004. The Lagrangian method provides estimates of the chemical and physical evolution of air arriving in the daytime boundary layer at Baltimore. Study results indicate a dominant role for regional transport contributions on those days when sulfate air pollution is highest in Baltimore, with a principal transport pathway from the Ohio River Valley (ORV) through southern Pennsylvania and Maryland, consistent with earlier studies. Thus, reductions in sulfur emissions from the ORV under the EPA''s Clean Air Interstate Rule may be expected to improve particulate air quality in Baltimore during summer. The Lagrangian sampling of CMAQ offers an inexpensive and complimentary approach to traditional methods of source apportionment based on multivariate observational data analysis, and air quality model emissions separation. This study serves as a prototype for the method applied to Baltimore. EPA is establishing a system to allow air quality planners to readily produce and access equivalent results for locations of their choice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality -- Research
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Air pollution -- Research
KW  - Lagrangian functions
KW  - Sulfates -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - Summer
KW  - Baltimore (Md.) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Baltimore (Md.)
KW  - Maryland
KW  - Air quality
KW  - CAIR
KW  - CMAQ
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Source apportionment modeling
KW  - Sulfate
N1  - Accession Number: 39893947; Fairlie, T. Duncan 1; Email Address: t.d.fairlie@larc.nasa.gov; Szykman, James 2; Gilliland, Alice 2; Bradley Pierce, R. 3; Kittaka, Chieko 4; Weber, Stephanie 5; Engel-Cox, Jill 6; Rogers, Raymond R. 4; Tikvart, Joe 7; Scheffe, Rich 7; Dimmick, Fred 2; Affiliations: 1: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; 3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 4: Science Applications International Corporation (SSAI), Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 5: Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH 43201, USA; 6: Battelle Memorial Institute, Arlington, VA 22201, USA; 7: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; Issue Info: Jun2009, Vol. 43 Issue 20, p3275; Thesaurus Term: Air quality -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Research; Subject Term: Lagrangian functions; Subject Term: Sulfates -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: Summer; Subject Term: Baltimore (Md.) -- Environmental conditions; Subject: Baltimore (Md.); Subject: Maryland; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Source apportionment modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfate; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brioude, J.
AU  - Cooper, O. R.
AU  - Feingold, G.
AU  - Trainer, M.
AU  - Freitas, S. R.
AU  - Kowal, D.
AU  - Ayers, J. K.
AU  - Prins, E.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - McKeen, S. A.
AU  - Frost, G. J.
AU  - Hsie, E.-Y.
T1  - Effect of biomass burning on marine stratocumulus clouds off the California coast.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 14529
EP  - 14570
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Aerosol-cloud interactions are considered to be one of the most important and least known forcings in the climate system. Biomass burning aerosols are of special interest due to their radiative impact (direct and indirect effect) and their potential to increase in the future due to climate change. Combining data from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with passive tracers from the FLEXPART Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model, the impact of biomass burning on marine stratocumulus clouds has been examined in June and July of 2006-2008 off the California coast. Using a continental tracer, the indirect effect of biomass burning aerosols has been isolated by comparing the average cloud fraction and cloud albedo for different meteorological situations, and for clean versus polluted (in terms of biomass burning) continental air masses. Within a 500 km-wide band along the coast of California, biomass burning aerosols, which tend to reside above the marine boundary layer, increased the cloud fraction by 0.143, and the cloud albedo by 0.038. The combined effect is an indirect radiative forcing of -7.45% (cooling effect) on average, with a bias due to meteorology of +0.89%. Further away from the coast, the biomass burning aerosols, which are located within the boundary layer, reduce the cloud fraction by 0.023 and the cloud albedo by 0.006, resultingin an indirect radiative forcing of +1.33% (warming effect) with a bias of +0.49%. These results underscore the dual role that absorbing aerosols play in cloud radiative forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 47154785; Brioude, J. 1,2; Email Address: jerome.brioude@noaa.gov; Cooper, O. R. 1,2; Feingold, G. 1,2; Trainer, M. 1; Freitas, S. R. 3; Kowal, D. 4; Ayers, J. K. 5; Prins, E. 6; Minnis, P. 7; McKeen, S. A. 1,2; Frost, G. J. 1,2; Hsie, E.-Y. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Lab., NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, Brazil; 4: National Geophysical Data Center, NESDIS, NOAA, USA; 5: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Hampton Virginia, USA; 6: UW-Madison SSEC/CIMSS Consultant, Grass Valley, CA, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p14529; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Subject: California; Number of Pages: 42p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merkel, A. W.
AU  - Marsh, D. R.
AU  - Gettelman, A.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
T1  - On the relationship of polar mesospheric cloud ice water content, particle radius and mesospheric temperature and its use in multi-dimensional models.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 14571
EP  - 14600
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The distribution of ice layers in the polar summer mesosphere (called polar mesospheric clouds or PMCs) is sensitive to background atmospheric conditions and therefore affected by global-scale dynamics. To investigate this coupling it is necessary to simulate the global distribution of PMCs within a 3-dimensional (3-D) model that couples large-scale dynamics with cloud microphysics. However, modeling PMC microphysics within 3-D global chemistry climate models (GCCM) is a challenge due to the high computational cost associated with particle following (Lagrangian) or sectional microphysical calculations. By characterizing the relationship between the PMC radius, ice water content (iwc), and local temperature (T ) from an ensemble of simulations from the sectional microphysical model, the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA), we determined that these variables have a fundamental stable relationship that is independent of the cloud time history. For our purposes we use this relationship to provide a bulk parameterization of PMC microphysics to be included into multidimensional models. However, this relationship has the potential to be used in other applications to characterize PMCs. We use a parameterization of the relationship to predict the particle effective radius using only the local temperature and ice water content in a 3-D GCCM for decadal scale PMC simulations. Such a parameterization allows for theoretical ice cloud microphysics to be applied in the GCCM to simulate growth, sublimation and sedimentation of ice particles without keeping track of the time history of each ice particle size or particle size bin. This approach produces realistic PMC simulations including estimates of the optical properties of PMCs. We validate the relationship with PMC data from the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Upper atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Simulation methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 47154786; Merkel, A. W. 1; Email Address: merkel@ucar.edu; Marsh, D. R. 1; Gettelman, A. 1; Jensen, E. J. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p14571; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Mesosphere; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Upper atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Number of Pages: 30p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adhikary, B.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Kulkarni, S.
AU  - Wei, C.
AU  - Tang, Y.
AU  - Dallura, A.
AU  - Mena-Carrasco, M.
AU  - Streets, D. G.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Al-Saadi, J. A.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Pfister, G. G.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Barrick, J. D.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Fried, A.
T1  - Trans-Pacific transport and evolution of aerosols and trace gases from Asia during the INTEX-B field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 16381
EP  - 16439
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) developed at the University of Iowa is applied to the analysis of observations obtained during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B), conducted over the Pacific Ocean during the 2006 North American spring season. This paper reports on the model performance of meteorological parameters, trace gases, aerosols and photolysis rate (J-values) predictions with the NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 airborne measurements along with observations from three surface sites Mt. Bachelor, Trinidad Head and Kathmandu, Nepal. In general the model shows appreciable skill in predicting many of the important aspects of the observed distributions. The major meteorological parameters driving long range transport are accurately predicted by the WRF simulations used in this study. Furthermore, the STEM model predicts aerosols and trace gases concentrations within a standard deviation of most of the observed mean values. The results also point towards areas where model improvements are needed; e.g., the STEM model underestimates CO (15% for the DC8 and 6% for the C-130), whereas it overpredicts PAN (by a factor of two for both aircraft). The errors in the model calculations are attributed to uncertainty in emissions estimates and uncertainty in the top and lateral boundary conditions. Results from a series of sensitivity simulations examining the impact of the growth of emissions in Asia from 2000 to 2006, the importance of biomass burning, the effect of using boundary conditions from different global models, and the role of heterogeneous chemistry on the predictions are also presented. The impacts of heterogeneous reactions at specific times during dust transport episodes can be significant, and in the presence of dust both sulfate and nitrate aerosol production is increased and gas phase nitric acid levels are reduced appreciably (∼50%). The aging of the air masses during the long range transport over the Pacific and the impact of various sources (source regions as well as energy and biomass burning) on targeted observations are analyzed using back-trajectories and tagged CO-tracer analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Asia
KW  - University of Iowa
N1  - Accession Number: 47154834; Adhikary, B. 1,2; Carmichael, G. R. 1; Kulkarni, S. 1; Email Address: sarika-kulkarni@uiowa.edu; Wei, C. 1; Tang, Y. 1,3; Dallura, A. 1,4; Mena-Carrasco, M. 1,5; Streets, D. G. 6; Zhang, Q. 6; Pierce, R. B. 7,8; Al-Saadi, J. A. 7; Emmons, L. K. 9; Pfister, G. G. 9; Avery, M. A. 7; Barrick, J. D. 7; Blake, D. R. 10; Brune, W. H. 11; Cohen, R. C. 12; Dibb, J. E. 13; Fried, A. 9; Affiliations: 1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 2: School of Engineering, Kathmandu University, P.O. Box 6250, Dhulikhel, Nepal; 3: NOAA/NCEP/EMC, Camp Springs, MD, USA; 4: ARIANET Srl, Via Gilino, 20128, Milano, Italy; 5: Universidad Andr'es Bello, Department of Environmental Engineering, Santiago, Chile; 6: Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 8: Advanced Satellite Products Branch, NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/CIMSS, Madison, WI, USA; 9: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 10: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 11: Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA; 12: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; 13: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p16381; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Subject: Asia ; Company/Entity: University of Iowa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 59p; Illustrations: 17 Graphs, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Maring, H.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hosteller, C. A.
AU  - Russel, P. B.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Thompson, A. M
AU  - Shaw, G. E.
AU  - McCauley, E.
AU  - Pederson, J. R.
AU  - Fisher, J. A.
T1  - The ARCTAS aircraft mission: design and execution.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 17073
EP  - 17123
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was conducted in two 3-week deployments based in Alaska (April 2008) and western Canada (June-July 2008). The goal of ARCTAS was to better understand the factors driving current changes in Arctic atmospheric composition and climate, including (1) transport of mid-latitude pollution, (2) boreal forest fires, (3) aerosol radiative forcing, and (4) chemical processes. ARCTAS involved three aircraft: a DC-8 with detailed chemical payload, a P-3 with extensive aerosol payload, and a B-200 with aerosol remote sensing instrumentation. The aircraft augmented satellite observations of Arctic atmospheric composition, in particular from the NASA A-Train, by (1) validating the data, (2) improving constraints on retrievals, (3) making correlated observations, and (4) characterizing chemical and aerosol processes. The April flights (ARCTAS-A) sampled pollution plumes from all three mid-latitude continents, fire plumes from Siberia and Southeast Asia, and halogen radical events. The June-July flights (ARCTAS-B) focused on boreal forest fire influences and sampled fresh fire plumes from northern Saskatchewan as well as older fire plumes from Canada, Siberia, and California. The June-July deployment was preceded by one week of flights over California sponsored by the California Air Resources Board (ARCTAS-CARB). The ARCTAS-CARB goals were to (1) improve state emission inventories for greenhouse gases and aerosols, (2) provide observations to test and improve models of ozone and aerosol pollution. Extensive sampling across southern California and the Central Valley characterized emissions from urban centers, offshore shipping lanes, agricultural crops, feedlots, industrial sources, and wildfires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - Airplanes -- Design & construction
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - California
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47154851; Jacob, D. J. 1; Email Address: djacob@fas.harvard.edu; Crawford, J. H. 2; Maring, H. 3; Clarke, A. D. 4; Dibb, J. E. 5; Ferrare, R. A. 2; Hosteller, C. A. 2; Russel, P. B. 6; Singh, H. B. 6; Thompson, A. M 7; Shaw, G. E. 8; McCauley, E. 9; Pederson, J. R. 9; Fisher, J. A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA; 4: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; 5: University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 7: Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA; 8: University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA; 9: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p17073; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: Airplanes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject: California; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 51p; Illustrations: 14 Charts, 1 Graph, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pfister, G. G.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Edwards, D. P.
AU  - Arellano, A.
AU  - Sachse, G.
AU  - Campos, T.
T1  - Transpacific pollution transport during INTEX-B: spring 2006 in context to previous years.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 17817
EP  - 17849
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We analyze the transport of pollution across the Pacific during the NASA INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Part B) campaign in spring 2006 and examine how this year compares to the time period for 2000 through 2006. In addition to aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) collected during INTEX-B, we include in this study multi-year satellite retrievals of CO from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument and simulations from the chemistry transport model MOZART-4. Model tracers are used to examine the contributions of different source regions and source types to pollution levels over the Pacific. Additional modeling studies are performed to separate the impacts of inter-annual variability in meteorology and dynamics from changes in source strength. Interannual variability in the tropospheric CO burden over the Pacific and the US as estimated from the MOPITT data range up to 7% and a somewhat smaller estimate (5%) is derived from the model. When keeping the emissions in the model constant between years, the year-to-year changes are reduced to (2%), but show that in addition to changes in emissions, variable meteorological conditions also impact transpacific pollution transport. We estimate that about 1/3 of the variability in the tropospheric CO loading over the contiguous US is explained by changes in emissions and about 2/3 by changes in meteorology and transport. Biomass burning sources are found to be a larger driver for inter-annual variability in the CO loading compared to fossil and biofuel sources or photochemical CO production even though their absolute contributions are smaller. Source contribution analysis shows that the aircraft sampling during INTEX-B was fairly representative of the larger scale region, but with a slight bias towards higher influence from Asian contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pollution -- Research
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Pacific Area
N1  - Accession Number: 47154869; Pfister, G. G. 1; Email Address: pfister@ucar.edu; Emmons, L. K. 1; Edwards, D. P. 1; Arellano, A. 1; Sachse, G. 2; Campos, T. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p17817; Thesaurus Term: Pollution -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Subject Term: Pacific Area; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
T1  - EARTH OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE: THE FIRST 50 YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 90
IS  - 7
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 1019
EP  - 1021
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article reviews the book "Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements."
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Earth Observations From Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 43810557; Fishman, Jack 1; Affiliations: 1: Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 90 Issue 7, p1019; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Earth Observations From Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lyle, Karen H.
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
T1  - Permanent set of the Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System Reinforced Carbon–Carbon material
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 40
IS  - 6/7
M3  - Article
SP  - 702
EP  - 708
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: The objective of this paper is to provide an interpretation and understanding of the permanent set (or deformation) phenomenon observed from debris impacts on Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) Reinforced Carbon–Carbon (RCC) panels. Deflection test results for static and dynamic loadings of RCC material will be presented. Permanent set has been observed for both the static and dynamic loading onto RCC material, even for cases where no damage was detected using conventional Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) techniques. Although, the RCC material is considered to be brittle, the evidence of permanent set indicates a tough-brittle material behavior with plasticity. The post-test observation of permanent set, without NDE-detectable damage, indicates an opportunity for an alternative method for assessing debris impacts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing
KW  - IMPACT testing
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - A Carbon composites
KW  - B Impact Behaviour
KW  - Plastic Deformation
N1  - Accession Number: 40636986; Lyle, Karen H.; Email Address: Karen.H.Lyle@nasa.gov; Fasanella, Edwin L. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23662, USA; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 40 Issue 6/7, p702; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject Term: IMPACT testing; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: A Carbon composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B Impact Behaviour; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plastic Deformation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.02.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackenzie, Anne I.
AU  - Rao, Sadasiva M.
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
T1  - Electromagnetic Scattering From Arbitrarily Shaped Dielectric Bodies Using Paired Pulse Vector Basis Functions and Method of Moments.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2076
EP  - 2083
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - A pair of orthogonal pulse vector basis functions is demonstrated for the calculation of electromagnetic scattering from arbitrarily-shaped material bodies. The basis functions are intended for use with triangular surface patch modeling applied to a method of moments (MoM) solution. For modeling the behavior of dielectric materials, several authors have used the same set of basis functions to represent equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents. This practice can result in zero-valued or very small diagonal terms in the moment matrix and an unstable numerical solution. To provide a more stable solution, we have developed orthogonally placed, pulse basis vectors: one for the electric surface current and one for the magnetic surface current. This combination ensures strongly diagonal moment matrices. The basis functions are suitable for electric field integral equation (EFIE), magnetic field integral equation (HFIE), and combined field formulations. In this work, we describe the implementations for EFIE and HFLE formulations and show example results for canonical figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOMENTS method (Statistics)
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - INTEGRAL equations
KW  - VECTOR analysis
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 43426415; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p2076; Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Subject Term: INTEGRAL equations; Subject Term: VECTOR analysis; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2021891
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Ballistic Impact and Crashworthiness Response of Aerospace Structures.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 200
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue including "Multiterrain Earth Landing Systems Applicable for Manned Space Capsules," "Orion Crew Member Injury Predictions During Land and Water Landings," and "Shuttle Debris Impact Analysis: Post Return to Flight Real-Time Mission Support."
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - SPACE shuttles
N1  - Accession Number: 41573753; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p199; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(199)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
T1  - Multiterrain Earth Landing Systems Applicable for Manned Space Capsules.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 213
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A key element of the President’s Vision for Space Exploration is the development of a new space transportation system to replace Shuttle that will enable manned exploration of the moon, Mars, and beyond. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has created the Constellation Program to develop this architecture, which includes the Ares launch vehicle and Orion manned spacecraft. The Orion spacecraft must carry six astronauts and its primary structure should be reusable, if practical. These requirements led the Constellation Program to consider a baseline land landing on return to earth. To assess the landing system options for Orion, a review of current operational parachute landing systems such as those used for the F-111 escape module and the Soyuz is performed. In particular, landing systems with airbags and retrorockets that would enable reusability of the Orion capsule are investigated. In addition, Apollo tests and analyses conducted in the 1960s for both water and land landings are reviewed. Finally, test data and dynamic finite-element simulations are presented to understand land landings for the Orion spacecraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 41573752; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p201; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(201)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=41573752&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lawrence, Charles
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
AU  - Tabiei, Ala
T1  - Orion Crew Member Injury Predictions during Land and Water Landings.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 214
EP  - 221
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A review of astronaut whole body impact tolerance is discussed for land or water landings of the next generation manned space capsule named Orion. LS-DYNA simulations of Orion capsule landings are performed to produce a low, moderate, and high probability of injury. The paper evaluates finite-element (FE) seat and occupant simulations for assessing injury risk for the Orion crew and compares these simulations to whole body injury models commonly referred to as the Brinkley criteria. The FE seat and crash dummy models allow for varying the occupant restraint systems, cushion materials, side constraints, flailing of limbs, and detailed seat/occupant interactions to minimize landing injuries to the crew. The FE crash test dummies used in conjunction with the Brinkley criteria provides a useful set of tools for predicting potential crew injuries during vehicle landings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Piloting
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - LANDING of airplanes
N1  - Accession Number: 41573741; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p214; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Piloting; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: LANDING of airplanes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(214)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=41573741&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Firko, Jason L.
AU  - Albert, Jeremie J.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Boyer, Alexander M.
AU  - Gabrys, Jonathan W.
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
T1  - Shuttle Debris Impact Analysis: Postreturn to Flight Real-Time Mission Support.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 222
EP  - 228
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Prior to the Columbia accident, quantitative impact assessment tools were not available to analyze debris impacts onto the Shuttle’s thermal protection system. Following the accident, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board recommended changes to increase the safety of future shuttle flights; one component was the development of physics-based analytical capabilities to evaluate damage due to debris impacts. This paper will present an overview of real time debris assessment impact analysis conducted by the Boeing Philadelphia Advanced Structural Analysis Impact Analysis Team in support of Space Shuttle missions since Return to Flight, the first mission after the Columbia accident. Specifically, analyses performed in support of missions STS-114, 121 and 117 will be presented. For each of these cases, an overview of the structural and material model development will be provided, and results of each analysis will be presented followed by a discussion of how the results lead into real time mission decisions. This work illustrates the importance of maintaining a physics-based real-time analysis capability as a vital instrument in supporting the safety of future spaceflight missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents -- Investigation
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 41573745; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p222; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents -- Investigation; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 11 Diagrams, 3 Charts; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(222)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=41573745&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, Karen E.
AU  - Fuchs, Yvonne T.
AU  - Kellas, Sotiris
T1  - Overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Subsonic Rotary Wing Aeronautics Research Program in Rotorcraft Crashworthiness.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 239
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - This paper provides an overview of rotorcraft crashworthiness research being conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center under sponsorship of the Subsonic Rotary Wing aeronautics program. The research is focused in two areas: development of an externally deployable energy attenuating concept and improved prediction of rotorcraft crashworthiness. The deployable energy absorber (DEA) is a composite honeycomb structure, with a unique flexible hinge design that allows the honeycomb to be packaged and remain flat until needed for deployment. The capabilities of the DEA have been demonstrated through component crush tests and vertical drop tests of a retrofitted fuselage section onto different surfaces or terrain. The research on improved prediction of rotorcraft crashworthiness is focused in several areas including simulating occupant responses and injury risk assessment, predicting multiterrain impact, and utilizing probabilistic analysis methods. A final task is to perform a system-integrated simulation of a full-scale helicopter crash test onto a rigid surface. A brief description of each research task is provided along with a summary of recent accomplishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 41573750; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p229; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 10 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(229)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=41573750&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pereira, J. Michael
AU  - Revilock Jr, Duane M.
T1  - Ballistic Impact Response of Kevlar 49 and Zylon under Conditions Representing Jet Engine Fan Containment.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 248
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A ballistic impact test program was conducted to provide validation data for the development of numerical models of blade out events in fabric containment systems. The impact response of two different fiber materials—Kevlar 49 (E.I. DuPont Nemours and Company) and Zylon AS (Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was studied by firing metal projectiles into dry woven fabric specimens using a gas gun. The shape, mass, orientation, and velocity of the projectile were varied and recorded. In most cases the tests were designed such that the projectile would perforate the specimen, allowing measurement of the energy absorbed by the fabric. The results for both Zylon and Kevlar presented here represent a useful set of data for the purposes of establishing and validating numerical models for predicting the response of fabrics under conditions simulating those of a jet engine blade release situation. In addition some useful empirical observations were made regarding the effects of projectile orientation and the relative performance of the different materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - BALLISTIC fabrics
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - TEXTILES
KW  - BALLISTICS
KW  - FLIGHT engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 41573740; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p240; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: BALLISTIC fabrics; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: TEXTILES; Subject Term: BALLISTICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(240)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=41573740&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Characterization of Damage in Triaxial Braided Composites under Tensile Loading.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 270
EP  - 279
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Carbon fiber composites that utilize flattened, large tow yarns in woven or braided forms are being used in many aerospace applications. The complex fiber architecture and large unit cell size in these materials present challenges for both understanding the deformation process and measuring reliable material properties. In this paper composites made using flattened 12k and 24k (referring to the number of fibers in the fiber tow) standard modulus carbon fiber yarns in a 0°/+60°/-60° triaxial braided architecture are examined. Standard straight-sided tensile coupons were tested with the 0° axial braid fibers either parallel to (axial tensile test) or perpendicular to (transverse tensile test) the applied tensile load. The nonuniform surface strain resulting from the triaxial braided architecture was examined using photogrammetry. Local regions of high strain concentration were examined to identify where failure initiates and to determine the local strain at the time of failure initiation. Splitting within fiber bundles was the first failure mode observed at low to intermediate strains. For axial tensile tests the splitting was primarily in the ±60° bias fibers, which were oriented 60° to the applied load. At higher strains in the axial tensile test, out-of-plane deformation associated with localized delamination between fiber bundles or damage within fiber bundles was observed. For transverse tensile tests, the splitting was primarily in the 0° axial fibers, which were oriented transverse to the applied load. The initiation and accumulation of local damage caused the global transverse stress-strain curves to become nonlinear and caused failure to occur at a reduced ultimate strain for both the axial and transverse tensile tests. Extensive delamination at the specimen edges was also observed. Modifications to the standard straight-sided coupon geometry are needed to minimize these edge effects when testing the large unit cell type of material examined in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 41573743; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p270; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 10 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(270)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=41573743&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
AU  - DuBois, Paul A.
AU  - Buyuk, Murat
AU  - Kan, Steve
T1  - Generalized, Three-Dimensional Definition, Description, and Derived Limits of the Triaxial Failure of Metals.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2009/07//
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 286
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Metal failure in many applications, such as ballistic impact, containment, shielding, metal forming, and crashworthiness, occurs while the material is in a three-dimensional state of stress. Many previous definitions of triaxiality use two invariants to define the relative stress state in a virtual element, leading to a characterization that can be better thought of as biaxial. In this paper, an additional parameter based upon the third stress invariant is defined, which extends the characterization of the state of stress to three dimensions and to true triaxiality. The relation of the two parameters is explored and limits are found in the failure surface, which is used in defining the critical failure regions. Standard tests are examined to determine if they can provide enough data to construct these regions of interest and new tests are proposed, which envelope the limits and thus define this failure surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness
KW  - METALS
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 41573746; Source Information: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p280; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(280)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=41573746&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
AU  - Spain, Charles V.
AU  - Keller, Donald F.
AU  - Moses, Robert W.
AU  - Schuster, David M.
T1  - Transport Wing Flutter Model Transonic Limit Cycle Oscillation Test.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The model for aeroelastic validation research involving computation semispan wind-tunnel model, a transport wing-fuselage flutter model, was tested in NASA Langley's Transonic Dynamics Tunnel with the goal of obtaining experimental limit cycle oscillation behavior data at transonic separation onset conditions. This research model is notable for its inexpensive construction and instrumentation installation procedures. Unsteady pressures and wing responses were obtained for three wing-tip configurations: clean, tip store, and winglet. Traditional flutter boundaries were measured over the range of M = 0.6-0.9, and maps of limit cycle oscillation behavior were made in the range of M = 0.85-0.95. The effects of dynamic pressure and angle of attack were measured. Testing in both R134a heavy gas and air provided unique data on the Reynolds number, transition effects, and the effect of speed of sound on limit cycle oscillation behavior. This report gives an overview of the test results, including experimental flutter boundaries, and the conditions involving shock-induced transonic flow separation onset at low wing angles, including maps of limit cycle oscillation behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
N1  - Accession Number: 44411773; Source Information: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.30079
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=44411773&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - Nonlinear Reduced-Order Analysis with Time-Varying Spatial Loading Distributions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 10
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Oscillating shocks acting in combination with high-intensity acoustic loadings present a challenge to the design of resilient hypersonic-flight vehicle structures. This paper addresses some features of this loading condition and certain aspects of a nonlinear reduced-order analysis with emphasis on system identification, leading to the formation of a robust modal basis. The nonlinear dynamic response of a composite structure subject to the simultaneous action of locally strong oscillating pressure gradients and high-intensity acoustic loadings is considered. The reduced-order analysis used in this work has been previously demonstrated to be both computationally efficient and accurate for time-invariant spatial loading distributions, provided that an appropriate modal basis is used. The challenge of the present study is to identify a suitable basis for loadings with time-varying spatial distributions. Using a proper orthogonal decomposition and modal expansion, it is shown that such a basis can be developed. The basis is made more robust by incrementally expanding it to account for changes in the location, frequency, and span of the oscillating pressure gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SOUND pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 44411782; Source Information: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p10; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.39790
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=44411782&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coppenbarger, Richard A.
AU  - Mead, Rob W.
AU  - Sweet, Douglas N.
T1  - Field Evaluation of the Tailored Arrivals Concept for Datalink-Enabled Continuous Descent Approach.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 11
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Allowing aircraft to descend uninterrupted at low engine power, continuous descent operations promise to maximize fuel efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. Tailored arrivals is a concept for enabling continuous descents under constrained airspace conditions by integrating advanced air and ground automation through digital datalink. Operational trials were completed in January 2007 involving transpacific flights into San Francisco during early morning hours. Leveraging newly deployed Federal Aviation Administration automation in the oceanic environment, trajectory-based clearances were transmitted by datalink to Boeing 777 aircraft equipped with future air navigation system avionics. NASA's prototype ground-based automation for high-density arrival management tailored trajectory clearances to accommodate artificially imposed metering constraints. Upon sharing wind and descent-speed-intent data, ground-based and airborne automation were found to predict meter-fix arrival times to within a mean accuracy of 3 s over a 25 min prediction horizon. Corresponding mean altitude and along-track prediction errors of ground-based automation were -500 ft and -1.3 n mile, respectively, in comparison with surveillance truth. A benefits analysis suggests Boeing 777 fuel savings of between 200 and 3000 lb per flight (depending highly upon baseline traffic conditions) together with a corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions of between 700 and 10,000 lb per flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 44411783; Source Information: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p11; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.39795
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=44411783&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Optimum Design of a Compound Helicopter.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 12
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A design and aeromechanics investigation was conducted for a 100,000 lb compound helicopter with a single main rotor that will cruise at a condition of 250 kt at 4000 ft/95°F. Performance, stability, and control analyses were conducted with the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD II. Wind-tunnel test measurements of the performance of the H-34 and UH-1D rotors at high advance ratios were compared with calculations to assess the accuracy of the analysis for the design of a high-speed helicopter. In general, good correlation was obtained with the test data. An assessment of various design parameters (disk loading, blade loading, wing loading) on the performance of the compound helicopter was made. Lower wing loading (larger wing area) and higher design blade loading (smaller blade chord) increased the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio. However, disk loading has a small influence on the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio. A rotor parametric study showed that most of the benefit of slowing the rotor occurred at the initial 20-30% reduction of the advancing blade tip Mach number. No stability issues were observed with the current design, and the control derivatives did not change much with speed, but did exhibit significant coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 44411784; Source Information: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p12; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.40101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Performance and Design Investigation of Heavy Lift Tilt-Rotor with Aerodynamic Interference Effects.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 13
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Performance calculations were conducted for 146,600 lb conventional and quad tilt-rotors, which are to cruise at 300 kt at a 4000 ft/95°F condition. Aerodynamic interference effects on the aircraft cruise performance were quantified. Aerodynamic interference improves the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio of the baseline conventional tilt-rotor. However, interference degrades the aircraft performance of the baseline quad tilt-rotor, mostly due to the unfavorable effects from the front wing to the rear wing. A parametric study was conducted to understand the effects of design parameters on the performance of the aircraft. A reduction in rotor tip speed increased the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio the most among the design parameters investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TILT rotor aircraft
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - VERTICALLY rising aircraft
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - AIRPLANES
N1  - Accession Number: 44411785; Source Information: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p13; Subject Term: TILT rotor aircraft; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: VERTICALLY rising aircraft; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.40102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutliff, Daniel L.
AU  - Jones, Michael G.
T1  - Low-Speed Fan Noise Attenuation from a Foam-Metal Liner.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 29
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A foam-metal liner for attenuation of fan noise was developed for and tested on a low-speed fan. This type of liner represents a significant advance over traditional liners, due to the possibility of placement in close proximity to the rotor. An advantage of placing treatment in this region is that the acoustic near field is modified, thereby inhibiting the noise-generation mechanism. This can result in higher attenuation levels than could be achieved by liners located in the nacelle inlet. In addition, foam-metal liners could potentially replace the fan rub strip and containment components, ultimately reducing engine components and thus weight, which can result in a systematic increase in noise reduction and engine performance. Foam-metal liners have the potential to reduce fan noise by 4 dB based on this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - FANS (Machinery)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Parts
KW  - NOISE generators (Electronics)
N1  - Accession Number: 44411801; Source Information: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p29; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: FANS (Machinery); Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Parts; Subject Term: NOISE generators (Electronics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.41369
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of artificial gravity during bed rest on bone metabolism in humans.
AU  - S. M. Smith
AU  - Zwart, S. R.
AU  - Heer, M. A.
AU  - Baecker, N.
AU  - Evans, H. J.
AU  - Feiveson, A. H.
AU  - Shackelford, L. C.
AU  - LeBIanc, A. D.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 107
IS  - 1
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 43327510; Author: S. M. Smith: 1 Author: Zwart, S. R.: 2 Author: Heer, M. A.: 3 Author: Baecker, N.: 3 Author: Evans, H. J.: 4 Author: Feiveson, A. H.: 1 Author: Shackelford, L. C.: 1 Author: LeBIanc, A. D.: 2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston: 2 Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas: 3 German Aerospace Center-Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Hoehe, Cologne, Germany: 4 Wyle, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20090723
N2  - We report results from a study designed to explore the utility of artificial gravity (AG) as a countermeasure to bone loss induced by microgravity simulation. After baseline testing, 15 male subjects underwent 21 days of 6° head-down bed rest to simulate the deconditioning associated with spaceflight. Eight of the subjects underwent 1 h of centrifugation (AG; 1 Gz at the heart, 2.5 Gz at the feet) each day for 21 days, whereas seven of the subjects served as untreated controls (Con). Blood and urine were collected before, during, and after bed rest for bone marker determinations. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and peripheral quantitative computerized tomography before and after bed rest. Urinary excretion of bone resorption markers increased during bed rest, but the AG and Con groups did not differ significantly. The same was true for serum C-telopeptide. During bed rest, bone alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total ALP tended to be lower in the AG group (P = 0.08, P = 0.09). Neither BMC nor BMD changed significantly from the pre-bed rest period in AG or Con groups, and the two groups were not significantly different. However, when AG and Con data were combined, there was a significant (P < 0.05) effect of time for whole body total BMC and total hip and trochanter BMD. These data failed to demonstrate efficacy of this AG prescription to prevent the changes in bone metabolism observed during 3 wk of bed rest. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *BONES -- Metabolism
KW  - *TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - *BONES -- Diseases
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ALKALINE phosphatase
KW  - bone formation
KW  - bone resorption
KW  - countermeasure
KW  - microgravity
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of 21 days of bed rest, with or without artificial gravity, on nutritional status of humans.
AU  - Zwart, S. R.
AU  - Crawford, G. E.
AU  - Gillman, P. L.
AU  - KaIa, G.
AU  - Rodgers, A. S.
AU  - Rogers, A.
AU  - Innis, A. M.
AU  - Rice, B. L.
AU  - Ericson, K.
AU  - Coburn, S.
AU  - Bourbeau, Y.
AU  - Hudson, E.
AU  - Mathew, G.
AU  - DeKerlegandi, D. E.
AU  - Sams, C. F.
AU  - Heer, M. A.
AU  - Paloski, W. H.
AU  - Smith, S. M.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 107
IS  - 1
SP  - 54
EP  - 62
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 43327511; Author: Zwart, S. R.: 1 Author: Crawford, G. E.: 2 Author: Gillman, P. L.: 2 Author: KaIa, G.: 2 Author: Rodgers, A. S.: 2 Author: Rogers, A.: 2 Author: Innis, A. M.: 3 Author: Rice, B. L.: 2 Author: Ericson, K.: 4 Author: Coburn, S.: 4 Author: Bourbeau, Y.: 2 Author: Hudson, E.: 5 Author: Mathew, G.: 2 Author: DeKerlegandi, D. E.: 2 Author: Sams, C. F.: 6 Author: Heer, M. A.: 6 Author: Paloski, W. H.: 6 Author: Smith, S. M.: 6 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Universities Space Research Association, Houston: 2 Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc., Houston: 3 University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas: 4 Department of Chemistry, Indiaina University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, Indiana: 5 Human Adaptation and Counitermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas: 6 German Aerospace Center-Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Hoehe, Cologne, Germany; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20090723
N2  - Spaceflight and bed rest models of microgravity have profound effects on physiological systems, including the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and immune systems. These effects can be exacerbated by suboptimal nutrient status, and therefore it is critical to monitor nutritional status when evaluating countermeasures to mitigate negative effects of spaceflight. As part of a larger study to investigate the usefulness of artificial gravity as a countermeasure for musculoskeletal and cardiovascular deficits during bed rest, we tested the hypothesis that artificial gravity would have an effect on some aspects of nutritional status. Dietary intake was recorded daily before, during, and after 21 days of bed rest with artificial gravity (n = 8) or bed rest alone (n = 7). We examined body composition, hematalogy, general blood chemistry, markers of oxidative damage, and blood levels of selected vitamins and minerals before, during, and after the bed rest period. Several indicators of vitamin status changed in response to diet changes: serum α- and γ-tocopherol and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid decreased (P < 0.001) and plasma β-carotene increased (P < 0.001) in both groups during bed rest compared with before bed rest. A decrease in hematocrit (P < 0.001) after bed rest was accompanied by a decrease in transferrin (P < 0.001), but transferrin receptors were not changed. These data provide evidence that artificial gravity itself does not negatively affect nutritional status during bed rest. Likewise, artificial gravity has no protective effect on nutritional status during bed rest. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *HUMAN body composition
KW  - *TRANSFERRIN
KW  - *VITAMINS in human nutrition
KW  - *BLOOD proteins
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SPACE nutrition
KW  - countermeasure
KW  - microgravity
KW  - vitamin B[sub6]
KW  - vitamin E;β-carotene
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
AU  - Getzewich, Brian
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Powell, Kathleen
AU  - Trepte, Charles
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
T1  - The CALIPSO Lidar Cloud and Aerosol Discrimination: Version 2 Algorithm and Initial Assessment of Performance.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1198
EP  - 1213
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite was launched in April 2006 to provide global vertically resolved measurements of clouds and aerosols. Correct discrimination between clouds and aerosols observed by the lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite is critical for accurate retrievals of cloud and aerosol optical properties and the correct interpretation of measurements. This paper reviews the theoretical basis of the CALIPSO lidar cloud and aerosol discrimination (CAD) algorithm, and describes the enhancements made to the version 2 algorithm that is used in the current data release (release 2). The paper also presents a preliminary assessment of the CAD performance based on one full day (12 August 2006) of expert manual classification and on one full month (July 2006) of the CALIOP 5-km cloud and aerosol layer products. Overall, the CAD algorithm works well in most cases. The 1-day manual verification suggests that the success rate is in the neighborhood of 90% or better. Nevertheless, several specific layer types are still misclassified with some frequency. Among these, the most prevalent are dense dust and smoke close to the source regions. The analysis of the July 2006 data showed that the misclassification of dust as cloud occurs for <1% of the total tropospheric cloud and aerosol features found. Smoke layers are misclassified less frequently than are dust layers. Optically thin clouds in the polar regions can be misclassified as aerosols. While the fraction of such misclassifications is small compared with the number of aerosol features found globally, caution should be taken when studies are performed on the aerosol in the polar regions. Modifications will be made to the CAD algorithm in future data releases, and the misclassifications encountered in the current data release are expected to be reduced greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Smoke
KW  - Dust
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Polar regions
N1  - Accession Number: 43523352; Liu, Zhaoyan 1; Email Address: zhaoyan.liu-1@nasa.gov; Vaughan, Mark 2; Winker, David 2; Kittaka, Chieko 3; Getzewich, Brian 3; Kuehn, Ralph 3; Omar, Ali 2; Powell, Kathleen 2; Trepte, Charles 2; Hostetler, Chris 2; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p1198; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Smoke; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject: Polar regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JTECHA1229.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunt, William H.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Powell, Kathleen A.
AU  - Lucker, Patricia L.
AU  - Weimer, Carl
T1  - CALIPSO Lidar Description and Performance Assessment.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1214
EP  - 1228
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - This paper provides background material for a collection of Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) algorithm papers that are to be published in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. It provides a brief description of the design and performance of CALIOP, a three-channel elastic backscatter lidar on the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite. After more than 2 yr of on-orbit operation, CALIOP performance continues to be excellent in the key areas of laser energy, signal-to-noise ratio, polarization sensitivity, and overall long-term stability, and the instrument continues to produce high-quality data products. There are, however, some areas where performance has been less than ideal. These include short-term changes in the calibration coefficients at both wavelengths as the satellite passes between dark and sunlight, some radiation-induced effects on both the detectors and the laser when passing through the South Atlantic Anomaly, and slow transient recovery on the 532-nm channels. Although these issues require some special treatment in data analysis, they do not seriously detract from the overall quality of the level 2 data products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Polarization (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Signal-to-noise ratio
KW  - Anomaly detection (Computer security)
KW  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 43523353; Hunt, William H. 1; Email Address: william.h.hunt@nasa.gov; Winker, David M. 2; Vaughan, Mark A. 2; Powell, Kathleen A. 2; Lucker, Patricia L. 1; Weimer, Carl 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation, Boulder, Colorado; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p1214; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Polarization (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Signal-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: Anomaly detection (Computer security); Reviews & Products: Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology (Periodical); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JTECHA1223.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lebassi, Bereket
AU  - González, Jorge
AU  - Fabris, Drazen
AU  - Maurer, Edwin
AU  - Miller, Norman
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Switzer, Paul
AU  - Bornstein, Robert
T1  - Observed 1970–2005 Cooling of Summer Daytime Temperatures in Coastal California.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3558
EP  - 3573
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study evaluated 1950–2005 summer [June–August (JJA)] mean monthly air temperatures for two California air basins: the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA). The study focuses on the more rapid post-1970 warming period, and its daily minima temperature Tmin and maxima temperature Tmax values were used to produce average monthly values and spatial distributions of trends for each air basin. Additional analyses included concurrent SSTs, 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) sea level coastal pressure gradients, and GCM-downscaled average temperature Tave values. Results for all 253 California National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) sites together showed increased Tave values (0.23°C decade-1); asymmetric warming, as Tmin values increase faster than Tmax values (0.27° versus 0.04°C decade-1) and thus decreased daily temperature range (DTR) values (0.15°C decade-1). The spatial distribution of observed SoCAB and SFBA Tmax values exhibited a complex pattern, with cooling (-0.30°C decade-1) in low-elevation coastal areas open to marine air penetration and warming (0.32°C decade-1) in inland areas. Results also showed that decreased DTR values in the basins arose from small increases at inland sites (0.16°C decade-1) combined with large decreases (-0.58°C decade-1) at coastal sites. It is also possible that some of the current observed temperature trends could be associated with low-frequency decadal variability, expected even with a constant radiative forcing. Previous studies suggest that cooling JJA Tmax values in coastal California were a result of increased irrigation, coastal upwelling, or cloud cover. The current hypothesis is that they arise (as a possible “reverse reaction”) from the global warming of inland areas, which results in increased sea-breeze flow activity. GCM model Tave warming decreased from 0.13°C decade-1 at inland sites to 0.08°C decade-1 in coastal areas. Sea level pressure increased in the Pacific high and decreased in the thermal low. The corresponding gradient thus showed a trend of 0.04 hPa 100 km-1 decade-1, supportive of the hypothesis of increased sea-breeze activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Global cooling
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Summer
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 43276947; Lebassi, Bereket 1; González, Jorge 1; Email Address: gonzalez@me.ccny.cuny.edu; Fabris, Drazen 1; Maurer, Edwin 2; Miller, Norman 3; Milesi, Cristina 4; Switzer, Paul 5; Bornstein, Robert 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California; 2: Department of Civil Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California; 3: Climate Science Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California; 4: University Corporation at Monterey Bay, Seaside, and NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California; 5: Department of Statistics, and Department of Environmental and Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California; 6: Department of Meteorology, San José State University, San José, California; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 13, p3558; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Thesaurus Term: Global cooling; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Summer; Subject: California; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JCLI2111.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Satyaprakash, Anita K.
AU  - Tremaine, Anne Marie
AU  - Stelter, Arwen A.
AU  - Creed, Rosella
AU  - Ravanfar, Parisa
AU  - Mendoza, Natalia
AU  - Mehta, Satish K.
AU  - Rady, Peter L.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Tyring, Stephen K.
T1  - Viremia in Acute Herpes Zoster.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2009/07//7/1/2009
VL  - 200
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
EP  - 32
SN  - 00221899
AB  - Background. A phase 2 trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topical antiviral, sorivudine, as an adjuvant to valacyclovir for the treatment of acute herpes zoster. Methods. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 25 patients were treated with either sorivudine or placebo cream. All patients began 7 days of valacyclovir treatment on day 3. Zoster lesion swab samples and samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected periodically throughout the study and were analyzed for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA by use of both qualitative and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples collected periodically throughout the study were analyzed for VZV DNA by use of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. VZV DNA was detected in all 3 sample types, and the number of viral copies correlated with the progression of herpes zoster. No statistically significant differences were seen between the placebo- and sorivudine-treated groups with respect to clinical characteristics or laboratory test results. Conclusion. The detection of VZV DNA in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all 25 zoster patients documents that viremia is a common manifestation of herpes zoster. Sorivudine cream appears to be a safe and well-tolerated adjuvant therapy; however, further phase 2 studies are needed to determine its clinical efficacy for the treatment of herpes zoster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Viremia
KW  - Virus diseases
KW  - Varicella-zoster virus
KW  - Shingles (Disease)
KW  - DNA
KW  - Serum
KW  - Macrophages
KW  - Herpesvirus diseases
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
N1  - Accession Number: 43008372; Satyaprakash, Anita K. 1; Tremaine, Anne Marie 1; Stelter, Arwen A. 1; Creed, Rosella 1; Ravanfar, Parisa 1; Mendoza, Natalia 1,2; Mehta, Satish K. 3; Rady, Peter L. 4; Pierson, Duane L. 5; Tyring, Stephen K. 1,4; Email Address: styring@ccstexas.com; Affiliations: 1: Center for Clinical Studies, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas; 2: Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia; 3: Enterprise Advisory Services, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas; 4: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas; Issue Info: 7/1/2009, Vol. 200 Issue 1, p26; Thesaurus Term: Viremia; Thesaurus Term: Virus diseases; Subject Term: Varicella-zoster virus; Subject Term: Shingles (Disease); Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: Serum; Subject Term: Macrophages; Subject Term: Herpesvirus diseases; Subject Term: Polymerase chain reaction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1086/599381
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=43008372&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald M.
T1  - Triple C Model of Project Management: Communication, Cooperation, and Coordination by Adedeji B. Badiru.
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 468
EP  - 469
SN  - 07376782
AB  - A review is presented of the book "Triple C Model of Project Management: Communication, Cooperation & Coordination," by Adedeji B. Badiru.
KW  - Project management
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Badiru, Adedeji B.
KW  - Triple C Model of Project Management: Communication, Cooperation & Coordination (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 38802192; Mulenburg, Gerald M. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Retired); Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p468; Subject Term: Project management; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Triple C Model of Project Management: Communication, Cooperation & Coordination (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541619 Other management consulting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; People: Badiru, Adedeji B.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2009.00672_1.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Almini, Ashraf A.
AU  - Kulahci, Murat
AU  - Montgomery, Douglas C.
T1  - Checking the Adequacy of Fit of Models from Split-Plot Designs.
JO  - Journal of Quality Technology
JF  - Journal of Quality Technology
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 272
EP  - 284
SN  - 00224065
AB  - One of the main features that distinguish split-plot experiments from other experiments is that they involve two types of experimental errors: the whole-plot (WP) error and the subplot (SP) error. Taking this into consideration is very important when computing measures of adequacy of fit for split-plot models. In this article, we propose the computation of two R[sup2], R[sup2]-adjusted, prediction error sums of squares (PRESS), and R[sup2]-prediction statistics to measure the adequacy of fit for the WP and the SP submodels in a split- plot design. This is complemented with the graphical analysis of the two types of errors to check for any violation of the underlying assumptions and the adequacy of fit of split-plot models. Using examples, we show how computing two measures of model adequacy of fit for each split-plot design model is appropriate and useful as they reveal whether the correct WP and SP effects have been included in the model and describe the predictive performance of each group of effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quality Technology is the property of American Society for Quality, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHIC methods
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL mathematics
KW  - MEASUREMENT errors
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - GRAPHICAL modeling (Statistics)
KW  - Model Adequacy Checking
KW  - PRESS
KW  - Residual Analysis
KW  - R[sup2]
KW  - R[sup2]-Adjusted
KW  - R[sup2]-Prediction
KW  - Sub-plot Error
KW  - Whole-Plot Error
N1  - Accession Number: 43018182; Almini, Ashraf A. 1; Kulahci, Murat 2; Montgomery, Douglas C. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; 3: Department of Industrial, Systems and Operations Engineering Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p272; Thesaurus Term: GRAPHIC methods; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL mathematics; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT errors; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Subject Term: GRAPHICAL modeling (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Model Adequacy Checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: PRESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: R[sup2]; Author-Supplied Keyword: R[sup2]-Adjusted; Author-Supplied Keyword: R[sup2]-Prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-plot Error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Whole-Plot Error; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z.
AU  - Crosson, William L.
AU  - Limaye, Ashutosh S.
AU  - Rickman, Douglas L.
AU  - Quattrochi, Dale A.
AU  - Estes, Jr., Maurice G.
AU  - Qualters, Judith R.
AU  - Sinclair, Amber H.
AU  - Tolsma, Dennis D.
AU  - Adeniyi, Kafayat A.
AU  - Niskar, Amanda Sue
T1  - Methods for Characterizing Fine Particulate Matter Using Ground Observations and Remotely Sensed Data: Potential Use for Environmental Public Health Surveillance.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 865
EP  - 881
PB  - Air & Waste Management Association
SN  - 10962247
AB  - This study describes and demonstrates different techniques for surface fitting daily environmental hazards data of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) for the purpose of integrating respiratory health and environmental data for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pilot study of Health and Environment Linked for Information Exchange (HELIX)-Atlanta. It presents a methodology for estimating daily spatial surfaces of ground-level PM2.5 concentrations using the B-Spline and inverse distance weighting (IDW) surface-fitting techniques, leveraging National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data to complement U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ground observation data. The study used measurements of ambient PM2.5 from the EPA database for the year 2003 as well as PM2.5 estimates derived from NASA's satellite data. Hazard data have been processed to derive the surrogate PM2.5 exposure estimates. This paper shows that merging MODIS remote sensing data with surface observations of PM2.5 not only provides a more complete daily representation of PM2.5 than either dataset alone would allow, but it also reduces the errors in the PM2.5- estimated surfaces. The results of this study also show that although the IDW technique can introduce some numerical artifacts that could be due to its interpolating nature, which assumes that the maxima and minima can occur only at the observation points, the daily IDW PM2.5 surfaces had smaller errors in general, with respect to observations, than those of the B-Spline surfaces. Finally, the methods discussed in this paper establish a foundation for environmental public health linkage and association studies for which determining the concentrations of an environmental hazard such as PM2.5 with high accuracy is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association) is the property of Air & Waste Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - United States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 43406118; Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z. 1; Email Address: mohammad.alhamdan@nasa.gov; Crosson, William L. 1; Limaye, Ashutosh S. 1; Rickman, Douglas L. 2; Quattrochi, Dale A. 2; Estes, Jr., Maurice G. 1; Qualters, Judith R. 3; Sinclair, Amber H. 4; Tolsma, Dennis D. 4; Adeniyi, Kafayat A. 5; Niskar, Amanda Sue 6; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Space Science and Technology Center, Global Hydrology and Climate Center, Huntsville, AL; 2: Earth Science Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Space Science and Technology Center, Global Hydrology and Climate Center, Huntsville, AL; 3: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; 4: Center for Health Research/Southeast (Kaiser Permanente), Atlanta, GA; 5: Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA; 6: Fusion Cell, Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 59 Issue 7, p865; Thesaurus Term: Environmental protection; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Subject Term: Aerodynamics; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration ; Company/Entity: United States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 15 Graphs, 9 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3155/1047-3289.59.7.865
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crespo, Luis G.
AU  - Giesy, Daniel P.
AU  - Kenny, Sean P.
T1  - Reliability-based analysis and design via failure domain bounding
JO  - Structural Safety
JF  - Structural Safety
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
EP  - 315
SN  - 01674730
AB  - Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology for bounding and approximating failure probabilities for systems with parametric uncertainty that are subject to multiple design requirements. The two fundamental developments in this work are (1) a method to explicitly compute upper bounds on failure probability based on solving an optimization problem, and (2) a hybrid method, utilizing the upper bounds together with conditional sampling, to achieve highly accurate estimates of failure probabilities. The computation of failure probability bounds is accomplished by the deformation of hyper-spherical or hyper-rectangular sets in the standard normal space and utilizes a combination of numerical optimization and analytic tools. The methods for calculating these bounds are applicable to systems having multiple limit state functions and are not subject to difficulties when there are multiple critical parameter points. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that the gains in accuracy and efficiency of the method are considerable when compared to alternative methods. The tools proposed are especially suited for design optimization due to their efficiency and the resulting continuity of the upper bounds. Since only standard optimization algorithms are required for implementation, these strategies are easily applicable to a variety of complex engineering problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Structural Safety is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Structural failures
KW  - Deformations (Mechanics)
KW  - Reliability (Engineering)
KW  - Structural design
KW  - Probability theory
KW  - Bounding
KW  - Mathematical optimization
KW  - Bounds
KW  - Failure probability
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Reliability
N1  - Accession Number: 37812703; Crespo, Luis G. 1; Email Address: lgcrespo@nianet.org; Giesy, Daniel P. 2; Email Address: daniel.p.giesy@nasa.gov; Kenny, Sean P. 2; Email Address: sean.p.kenny@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 308, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p306; Thesaurus Term: Structural failures; Thesaurus Term: Deformations (Mechanics); Subject Term: Reliability (Engineering); Subject Term: Structural design; Subject Term: Probability theory; Subject Term: Bounding; Subject Term: Mathematical optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reliability; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.09.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boynton, W. V.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Kounaves, S. P.
AU  - Young, S. M. M.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Hecht, M. H.
AU  - Hoffman, J.
AU  - Niles, P. B.
AU  - Hamara, D. K.
AU  - Quinn, R. C.
AU  - Smith, P. H.
AU  - Sutter, B.
AU  - Catling, D. C.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
T1  - Evidence for Calcium Carbonate at the Mars Phoenix Landing Site.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/07/03/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5936
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 64
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Carbonates are generally products of aqueous processes and may hold important dues about the history of liquid water on the surface of Mars. Calcium carbonate (approximately 3 to 5 weight percent) has been identified in the soils around the Phoenix landing site by scanning calorimetry showing an endothermic transition beginning around 725°C accompanied by evolution of carbon dioxide and by the ability of the soil to buffer pH against acid addition. Based on empirical kinetics, the amount of calcium carbonate is most consistent with formation in the past by the interaction of atmospheric carbon dioxide with liquid water films on particle surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Calcium carbonate
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - WATER
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Calorimetry
KW  - Carbon dioxide -- Research
KW  - Empirical research
N1  - Accession Number: 43518114; Boynton, W. V. 1; Email Address: wboynton@LPL.Arizona.edu; Ming, D. W. 2; Kounaves, S. P. 3; Young, S. M. M. 4; Arvidson, R. E. 5; Hecht, M. H. 6; Hoffman, J. 7; Niles, P. B. 8; Hamara, D. K. 1; Quinn, R. C. 8; Smith, P. H. 1; Sutter, B. 9; Catling, D. C. 10,11; Morris, R. V. 2; Affiliations: 1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 2: Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 5: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 7: Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA; 8: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 9: Jacobs Engineering and Science Contract Group, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 10: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK; 11: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Issue Info: 7/3/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5936, p61; Thesaurus Term: Calcium carbonate; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: WATER; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Calorimetry; Subject Term: Carbon dioxide -- Research; Subject Term: Empirical research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hecht, M. H.
AU  - Kounaves, S. P.
AU  - Quinn, R. C.
AU  - West, S. J.
AU  - Young, S. M. M.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Catling, D. C.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Boynton, W. V.
AU  - Hoffman, J.
AU  - DeFlores, L. P.
AU  - Gospodinova, K.
AU  - Kapit, J.
AU  - Smith, P. H.
T1  - Detection of Perchlorate and the Soluble Chemistry of Martian Soil at the Phoenix Lander Site.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/07/03/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5936
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 67
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Wet Chemistry Laboratory on the Phoenix Mars Lander performed aqueous chemical analyses of martian soil from the polygon-patterned northern plains of the Vastitas Borealis. The solutions contained ∼10 mM of dissolved salts with 0.4 to 0.6% perchlorate (ClO4) by mass leached from each sample. The remaining anions included small concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate, and possibly sulfate. Cations were dominated by Mg2+ and Na+, with small contributions from K+ and Ca2+. A moderately alkaline pH of 7.7 ± 0.5 was measured, consistent with a carbonate-buffered solution. Samples analyzed from the surface and the excavated boundary of the ∼5-centimeter- deep ice table showed no significant difference in soluble chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Perchlorates
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Soil leaching
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Carbonates -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 43518115; Hecht, M. H. 1; Email Address: michael.h.hecht@jpl.nasa.gov; Kounaves, S. P. 2; Quinn, R. C. 3; West, S. J. 4; Young, S. M. M. 2,5; Ming, D. W. 6; Catling, D. C. 7,8; Clark, B. C. 9; Boynton, W. V. 10; Hoffman, J. 11; DeFlores, L. P. 1; Gospodinova, K. 2; Kapit, J. 2; Smith, P. H. 10; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA; 3: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Ca, 94035, USA; 4: Invensys Process Systems, Foxboro, MA 02035, USA; 5: Chemistry Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 6: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 7: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK; 8: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 9: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 10: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 11: Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 95080, USA; Issue Info: 7/3/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5936, p64; Thesaurus Term: Perchlorates; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Soil leaching; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Carbonates -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whiteway, J. A.
AU  - Komguem, L.
AU  - Dickinson, C.
AU  - Cook, C.
AU  - Illnicki, M.
AU  - Seabrook, J.
AU  - Popovici, V.
AU  - Duck, T. J.
AU  - Davy, R.
AU  - Taylor, P. A.
AU  - Pathak, J.
AU  - Fisher, D.
AU  - Carswell, A. I.
AU  - Daly, M.
AU  - Hipkin, V.
AU  - Zent, A. P.
AU  - Hecht, M. H.
AU  - Wood, S. E.
AU  - Tamppari, L. K.
AU  - Renno, N.
T1  - Mars Water-Ice Clouds and Precipitation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/07/03/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5936
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 70
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The light detection and ranging instrument on the Phoenix mission observed water-ice clouds in the atmosphere of Mars that were similar to cirrus clouds on Earth. Fall streaks in the cloud structure traced the precipitation of ice crystals toward the ground. Measurements of atmospheric dust indicated that the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on Mars was well mixed, up to heights of around 4 kilometers, by the summer daytime turbulence and convection. The water-ice clouds were detected at the top of the PBL and near the ground each night in late summer after the air temperature started decreasing. The interpretation is that water vapor mixed upward by daytime turbulence and convection forms ice crystal clouds at night that precipitate back toward the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Ice clouds -- Research
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Research
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Space vehicles research
KW  - Dust -- Research
KW  - Ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 43518116; Whiteway, J. A. 1; Email Address: whiteway@yorku.ca; Komguem, L. 1; Dickinson, C. 1; Cook, C. 1; Illnicki, M. 1; Seabrook, J. 1; Popovici, V. 1; Duck, T. J. 2; Davy, R.; Taylor, P. A. 1; Pathak, J. 1; Fisher, D. 3; Carswell, A. I. 4; Daly, M. 5; Hipkin, V. 6; Zent, A. P. 7; Hecht, M. H. 8; Wood, S. E. 9; Tamppari, L. K. 8; Renno, N. 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia; 3: National Glaciology Group, Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 4: Optech, Vaughan, Ontario, Canada; 5: MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), Brampton, Ontario, Canada; 6: Canadian Space Agency (CSA), St-Hubert, Quebec, Canada; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 9: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 10: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Issue Info: 7/3/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5936, p68; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Ice clouds -- Research; Subject Term: Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Research; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Space vehicles research; Subject Term: Dust -- Research; Subject Term: Ice crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lunetta, Ross S.
AU  - Knight, Joseph F.
AU  - Paerl, Hans W.
AU  - Streicher, John J.
AU  - Peierls, Benjamin L.
AU  - Gallo, Tom
AU  - Lyon, John G.
AU  - Mace, Thomas H.
AU  - Buzzelli, Christopher P.
T1  - Measurement of water colour using AVIRIS imagery to assess the potential for an operational monitoring capability in the Pamlico Sound Estuary, USA.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/07/10/
VL  - 30
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3291
EP  - 3314
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The monitoring of water colour parameters can provide an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of aquatic ecosystem condition. Remote sensing has long been used to effectively monitor chlorophyll concentrations in open ocean systems; however, operational monitoring in coastal and estuarine areas has been limited because of the inherent complexities of coastal systems, and the coarse spectral and spatial resolutions of available satellite systems. Data were collected using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) flown at an altitude of approximately 20 000 m to provide hyperspectral imagery and simulate both MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data. AVIRIS data were atmospherically corrected using a radiative transfer modelling approach and analysed using band ratio and linear regression models. Regression analysis was performed with simultaneous field measurements data in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) and Pamlico Sound on 15 May 2002. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were optimally estimated using AVIRIS bands (9.5 nm) centred at 673.6 and 692.7 nm, resulting in a coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.98. Concentrations of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) were also estimated, resulting in coefficients of determination of R 2 = 0.90, 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Ratios of AVIRIS bands centred at or near those corresponding to the MERIS and MODIS sensors indicated that relatively good satellite-based estimates could potentially be derived for water colour constituents at a spatial resolution of 300 and 500 m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Estuaries
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Underwater imaging systems
KW  - Solid state physics
KW  - Infrared technology
KW  - Pamlico River (N.C.)
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 43388589; Lunetta, Ross S. 1; Email Address: lunetta.ross@epa.gov; Knight, Joseph F. 2; Paerl, Hans W. 3; Streicher, John J. 4; Peierls, Benjamin L. 3; Gallo, Tom 3; Lyon, John G. 5; Mace, Thomas H. 6; Buzzelli, Christopher P. 3; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.; 2: University of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.; 3: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.; 4: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, On assignment to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.; 5: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 944 E. Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89193, USA.; 6: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of the Associate Director for Operations, Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA 93523, USA.; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 30 Issue 13, p3291; Thesaurus Term: Estuaries; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Subject Term: Underwater imaging systems; Subject Term: Solid state physics; Subject Term: Infrared technology; Subject: Pamlico River (N.C.); Subject: North Carolina; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160802552801
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murray, Georgia L.D.
AU  - Kimball, Kenneth
AU  - Bruce Hill, L.
AU  - Allen, George A.
AU  - Wolfson, Jack M.
AU  - Pszenny, Alex
AU  - Seidel, Thomas
AU  - Doddridge, Bruce G.
AU  - Boris, Alexandra
T1  - A comparison of fine particle and aerosol strong acidity at the interface zone (1540 m) and within (452 m) the planetary boundary layer of the Great Gulf and Presidential-Dry River Class I Wildernesses on the Presidential Range, New Hampshire USA
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2009/07/11/
VL  - 43
IS  - 22/23
M3  - Article
SP  - 3605
EP  - 3613
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Mount Washington, NH in the White Mountain National Forest, is flanked to the north-northeast and south by two Class I Wilderness areas, the Great Gulf and Presidential Range-Dry River Wildernesses, respectively. The Clean Air Act protects Class I Area natural resource values from air pollution. Aerosol sulfate, a fine particulate component that is often transported long distances, is a known contributor to visibility degradation and acidic deposition. We examined summertime fine particulate aerosol mass and sulfate, strong acidity and ammonium concentrations from 1988 to 2007 on Mount Washington at two elevations, 452 and 1540 m (msl). The former site is often within, and the latter at the interface of, the planetary boundary layer. Comparisons of sampling interval durations (10 and 24 h) and site vs. site are made. We also examine the extent to which aerosol sulfate is neutralized. Ten hour (daytime) compared to 24 h samples have higher mass and aerosol sulfate concentrations, however paired samples are well correlated. Fine mass concentrations compared between the 452 m and 1540 m sites (standard temperature and pressure corrected) show a weak positive linear relationship with the later being approximately 32% lower. We attribute the lack of a strong correlation to the facts that the 1540 m site is commonly at the interface of and even above the regional planetary boundary layer in summer and that it can intercept different air masses relative to the 452 m site. Sulfate is ∼18% lower at the higher elevation site, but comprises a greater percentage of total fine mass; 42% compared to 37% for the high and low elevation site, respectively. Aerosol strong acidity was found to increase with increasing sulfate concentrations at both sites. Further the ratio of hydrogen to sulfate ion was greater in 24 h than 10 h samples at the higher elevation site likely due to overnight transport of fresh acidic aerosols. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particles
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Pollution -- Law & legislation
KW  - Aerosol acidity
KW  - Class I Areas
KW  - Fine particulates
KW  - Planetary boundary layer
N1  - Accession Number: 41428644; Murray, Georgia L.D. 1; Email Address: gmurray@outdoors.org; Kimball, Kenneth 1; Bruce Hill, L. 2; Allen, George A. 3; Wolfson, Jack M. 4; Pszenny, Alex 5,6; Seidel, Thomas 6; Doddridge, Bruce G. 7; Boris, Alexandra 6; Affiliations: 1: Appalachian Mountain Club, Research Department, 361 Route 16, Gorham, NH 03581, USA; 2: Clean Air Task Force, 18 Tremont Street, Suite 530 Boston, MA 02108, USA; 3: Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, 101 Merrimac St., 10th Floor Boston, MA 02114, USA; 4: Harvard School of Public Health, Rm 417 Landmark Center West-419C, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA; 5: Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 6: Mount Washington Observatory, P.O. Box 2310, North Conway, NH 03860, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 43 Issue 22/23, p3605; Thesaurus Term: Particles; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Pollution -- Law & legislation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol acidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Class I Areas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fine particulates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary boundary layer; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.060
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S. A. Vay
AU  - Tyler, S. C.
AU  - Choi, Y.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
T1  - Sources and transport of Δ14C in CO2 within the Mexico City Basin and vicinity.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 9
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 4973
EP  - 4985
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Radiocarbon samples taken over Mexico City and the surrounding region during the MILAGRO field campaign in March 2006 exhibited an unexpected distribution: (1) relatively few samples (23%) were below the North American free tropospheric background value (57±2‰) despite the fossil fuel emissions from one of the world's most highly polluted environments; and (2) frequent enrichment well above the background value was observed. Correlate source tracer species and air transport characteristics were examined to elucidate influences on the radiocarbon distribution. Our analysis suggests that a combination of radiocarbon sources biased the "regional radiocarbon background" above the North American value thereby decreasing the apparent fossil fuel signature. Likely sources include the release of 14C-enhanced carbon from bomb 14C sequestered in plant carbon pools via the ubiquitous biomass burning in the region as well as the direct release of radiocarbon as CO2 from other "hot" sources. Plausible perturbations from local point "hot" sources include the burning of hazardous waste in cement kilns; medical waste incineration; and emissions from the Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant. These observations provide insight into the use of Δ 14CO2 to constrain fossil fuel emissions in the megacity environment, indicating that underestimation of the fossil fuel contribution to the CO2 flux is likely wherever biomass burning coexists with urban emissions and is unaccounted for as a source of the elevated CO2 observed above local background. Our findings increase the complexity required to quantify fossil fuel-derived CO2 in source-rich environments characteristic of megacities, and have implications for the use of Δ 14CO2 observations in evaluating bottom-up emission inventories and their reliability as a tool for validating national emission claims of CO2 within the framework of the Kyoto Protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Fossil fuels
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Nuclear power plants
KW  - Carbon isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 43691403; S. A. Vay 1; Email Address: stephanie.a.vay@nasa.gov; Tyler, S. C. 2; Choi, Y. 3; Blake, D. R. 2; Blake, N. J. 2; Sachse, G. W. 3; Diskin, G. S. 1; Singh, H. B. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 2: University of California, Irvine, California, USA.; 3: National Institutes of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 14, p4973; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Fossil fuels; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Nuclear power plants; Subject Term: Carbon isotopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crabtree, Robert
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Mullen, Randall
AU  - Sheldon, Jennifer
AU  - Huang, Shengli
AU  - Harmsen, Joshua
AU  - Rodman, Ann
AU  - Jean, Cathie
T1  - A modeling and spatio-temporal analysis framework for monitoring environmental change using NPP as an ecosystem indicator
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1486
EP  - 1496
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present and describe a modeling and analysis framework for monitoring protected area (PA) ecosystems with net primary productivity (NPP) as an indicator of health. It brings together satellite data, an ecosystem simulation model (NASA–CASA), spatial linear models with autoregression, and a GIS to provide practitioners a low-cost, accessible ecosystem monitoring and analysis system (EMAS) at landscape resolutions. The EMAS is evaluated and assessed with an application example in Yellowstone National Park aimed at identifying the causes and consequences of drought. Utilizing five predictor covariates (solar radiation, burn severity, soil productivity, temperature, and precipitation), spatio-temporal analysis revealed how landscape controls and climate (summer vegetation moisture stress) affected patterns of NPP according to vegetation functional type, species cover type, and successional stage. These results supported regional and national trends of NPP in relation to carbon fluxes and lag effects of climate. Overall, the EMAS provides valuable decision support for PAs regarding informed land use planning, conservation programs, vital sign monitoring, control programs (fire fuels, invasives, etc.), and restoration efforts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Spatio-temporal variation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Bioindicators
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Spatial analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology) -- Measurement
KW  - Autoregression (Statistics)
KW  - Ecosystem indicators
KW  - MODIS
KW  - NASA–CASA
KW  - NPP
KW  - Spatio-temporal analysis
KW  - Vegetation moisture stress
N1  - Accession Number: 40115959; Crabtree, Robert 1,2; Email Address: crabtree@yellowstoneresearch.org; Potter, Christopher 3; Mullen, Randall 1; Sheldon, Jennifer 1; Huang, Shengli 1; Harmsen, Joshua 1; Rodman, Ann 4; Jean, Cathie 4; Affiliations: 1: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, 2048 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, United States; 2: Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 4: Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY 821990, United States; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 113 Issue 7, p1486; Thesaurus Term: REMOTE sensing; Thesaurus Term: Spatio-temporal variation; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Bioindicators; Thesaurus Term: Geographic information systems; Subject Term: Environmental monitoring; Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: Global environmental change; Subject Term: Primary productivity (Biology) -- Measurement; Subject Term: Autoregression (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem indicators; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA–CASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: NPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatio-temporal analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation moisture stress; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.12.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew
AU  - Mutch, Linda
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Hiatt, Sam
AU  - White, Michael
T1  - Monitoring and forecasting ecosystem dynamics using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS)
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1497
EP  - 1509
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present an approach for monitoring and forecasting landscape level indicators of the condition of protected area (PA) ecosystems including changes in snowcover, vegetation phenology and productivity using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS). TOPS is a modeling framework that integrates operational satellite data, microclimate mapping, and ecosystem simulation models to characterize ecosystem status and trends. We have applied TOPS to investigate trends and patterns in landscape indicators using test cases at both national and park-level scales to demonstrate the potential utility of TOPS for supporting efforts by the National Park Service to develop standardized indicators for protected area monitoring. Our analysis of coarse resolution satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measurements for North America from 1982–2006 indicates that all but a few PAs are located in areas that exhibited a sustained decline in vegetation condition. We used Yosemite National Park as our park-level test case, and while no significant trends in NDVI were detected during the same period, evidence of drought-induced vegetation mortality and recovery patterns dominated the 25-year record. In our Yosemite analysis, we show that analyzing MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) products (vegetation indices, absorbed radiation, land surface temperature and gross primary production) in conjunction with ground-based measurements, such as runoff, lends additional utility to satellite-based monitoring of ecosystems indicators, as together they provide a comprehensive view of ecosystem condition. Analyses of MODIS products from 2001–2006 show that year-to-year changes in the onset of spring at Yosemite were as large as 45 days, and this signal in the satellite data record is corroborated by observed changes in spring runoff patterns. Finally, we applied TOPS to assess long-term climate impacts on ecosystem condition at the scale of an individual park. When driven by projected climatic changes at Yosemite of 4–6 °C warming by 2100 with no changes in precipitation patterns, TOPS predicts significantly reduced winter snowpack and an earlier onset of the growing season, resulting in prolonged summer drought and reduced vegetation productivity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Snow cover
KW  - Plant phenology
KW  - Artificial satellites in earth sciences
KW  - Microclimatology
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Landscapes
KW  - Yosemite National Park (Calif.)
KW  - California
KW  - Ecological forecasting
KW  - Ecosystem modeling
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Protected areas monitoring
KW  - Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS)
KW  - Yosemite National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 40115960; Nemani, Ramakrishna 1; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2; Votava, Petr 2; Melton, Forrest 2; Wang, Weile 2; Michaelis, Andrew 2; Mutch, Linda 3; Milesi, Cristina 2; Hiatt, Sam 2; White, Michael 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, United States; 3: Sierra Nevada Network, National Park Service, Three Rivers, CA 93271, United States; 4: Utah State University, Logan, UT 84231, United States; Issue Info: Jul2009, Vol. 113 Issue 7, p1497; Thesaurus Term: REMOTE sensing; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Snow cover; Thesaurus Term: Plant phenology; Thesaurus Term: Artificial satellites in earth sciences; Thesaurus Term: Microclimatology; Subject Term: Environmental monitoring; Subject Term: Global environmental change; Subject Term: Landscapes; Subject: Yosemite National Park (Calif.); Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecological forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protected areas monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Yosemite National Park; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornby, Gregory S.
AU  - Kurtoglu, Tolga
T1  - Toward a Smarter Web.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/07/17/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5938
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
EP  - 278
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses the application of optimization techniques known as evolutionary algorithms to promote computational intelligence that will lead to adaptive Web sites. Beginning in the 1990s, evolutionary algorithms have been applied to architectural problems, as well as to industrial and engineering designs. While they have been applied to computer and Internet technologies only recently, these algorithms have been used to generate three-dimensional shapes, create architectural forms, and enable musical synthesis and composition. The development of GenJam, an interactive evolutionary algorithm for real-time jazz improvisation, is referenced.
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence -- Research
KW  - ASSISTIVE computer technology
KW  - WEB design
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization -- Research
KW  - COMPOSITION (Musical composition)
N1  - Accession Number: 43608590; Hornby, Gregory S. 1; Email Address: gregory.s.hornby@nasa.gov; Kurtoglu, Tolga 2; Email Address: tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : University of California at Santa Cruz, University Affiliated Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2 : Mission Critical Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA;  Source Info: 7/17/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5938, p277; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence -- Research; Subject Term: ASSISTIVE computer technology; Subject Term: WEB design; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization -- Research; Subject Term: COMPOSITION (Musical composition); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith Sr., W. L.
AU  - Revercomb, H.
AU  - Bingham, G.
AU  - Larar, A.
AU  - Huang, H.
AU  - Zhou, D.
AU  - Li, J.
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Kireev, S.
T1  - Technical Note: Evolution, current capabilities, and future advance in satellite nadir viewing ultra-spectral IR sounding of the lower atmosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 9
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 5563
EP  - 5574
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Infrared ultra-spectral spectrometers have brought in a new era in satellite remote atmospheric sounding capability. During the 1970s, after the implementation of the first satellite sounding instruments, it became evident that much higher vertical resolution sounding information was needed to be able to forecast life and property threatening localized severe weather. The demonstration of the ultra-spectral radiance measurement technology required to achieve higher vertical resolution began in 1985, with the aircraft flights of the High resolution Interferometer Sounder (HIS) instrument. The development of satellite instruments designed to have a HIS-like measurement capability was initiated in the late 1980's. Today, after more than a decade of development time, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) are now operating successfully from the Aqua and MetOp polar orbiting satellites. The successful development and ground demonstration of the Geostationary Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS), during this decade, is now paving the way toward the implementation of the ultraspectral sounding capability on the international system of geostationary environmental satellites. This note reviews the evolution of the satellite ultra-spectral sounding systems, shows examples of current polar satellite sounding capability, and discusses future advances planned for geostationary orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Weather
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - Geostationary satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 43937500; Smith Sr., W. L. 1,2; Email Address: bill.l.smith@cox.net; Revercomb, H. 2; Bingham, G. 3; Larar, A. 4; Huang, H. 1; Zhou, D. 4; Li, J. 1; Liu, X. 4; Kireev, S. 2; Affiliations: 1: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 2: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Space Dynamics laboratory, Logan, Utah, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 15, p5563; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diez, F.J.
AU  - Aalburg, C.
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
AU  - Yuan, Z.-G.
AU  - Faeth, G.M.
T1  - Soot properties of laminar jet diffusion flames in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 156
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1514
EP  - 1524
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: The soot properties of round, non-buoyant, laminar jet diffusion flames are described, based on experiments carried out in microgravity conditions during three flights of the Space Shuttle Columbia (Flights STS-83, 94 and 107). Experimental conditions included ethylene- and propane-fueled flames burning in still air at an ambient temperature of 298K and ambient pressures of 35–100kPa. Measurements included soot volume fraction distributions using deconvolved laser extinction imaging and soot temperature distributions using deconvolved multiline emission imaging. Mixture fractions were estimated from the temperature measurements. Flow field modeling based on the work of Spalding is presented. It is shown that most of the volume of these flames is inside the dividing streamline and thus should follow residence time state relationships. Most streamlines from the fuel supply to the surroundings exhibit nearly the same maximum soot volume fraction and maximum temperature. The present work studies whether soot properties of these flames are universal functions of mixture fraction, i.e., whether they satisfy soot state relationships. Soot state relationships were observed, i.e., soot volume fraction was found to correlate reasonably well with estimated mixture fraction for each fuel/pressure selection. These results support the existence of soot property state relationships in steady non-buoyant laminar diffusion flames, and thus in a large class of practical turbulent diffusion flames through the application of the laminar flamelet concept. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soot
KW  - Flame
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Jets (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Laminar flow
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Space shuttles
KW  - Temperature measurements
KW  - Laminar flamelets
KW  - Non-buoyant flames
KW  - Non-premixed flames
N1  - Accession Number: 43035575; Diez, F.J. 1; Aalburg, C. 2; Sunderland, P.B. 3; Urban, D.L. 4; Email Address: david.l.urban@nasa.gov; Yuan, Z.-G. 4; Faeth, G.M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; 2: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; 3: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 156 Issue 8, p1514; Thesaurus Term: Soot; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Jets (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Laminar flow; Subject Term: Space flight; Subject Term: Space shuttles; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar flamelets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-buoyant flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-premixed flames; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.04.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wesley, Wayne R.
AU  - Simpson, James R.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Pignatiello Jr., Joseph J.
T1  - Maximum and Minimum Prediction Variance for Spherical and Cuboidal Split Plot Designs.
JO  - Communications in Statistics: Theory & Methods
JF  - Communications in Statistics: Theory & Methods
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 38
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2251
EP  - 2266
SN  - 03610926
AB  - The impact of restricted randomization on the information matrix has created challenges for the computation of design optimality criteria. This article focuses on the computation of the maximum and minimum prediction variance for Central Composite (CCD) and Box-Behnken (BBD) split plot designs (SPD). The approach is to analytically determine the exact maximum and minimum prediction variance for both spherical and cuboidal second-order SPD. A particular feature of these analytical functions is that they are functions of the design parameters. Finally, the application of these analytical functions is demonstrated for a CCD SPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Communications in Statistics: Theory & Methods is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
KW  - GRAPHIC methods in statistics
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - Design optimality
KW  - Prediction variance
KW  - Response surface designs
KW  - Restricted randomization
KW  - Split-plot designs
N1  - Accession Number: 40933354; Wesley, Wayne R. 1; Email Address: wwesley3@hotmail.com; Simpson, James R. 2; Parker, Peter A. 3; Pignatiello Jr., Joseph J. 2; Affiliations: 1: School of Engineering, University of Technology, Jamaica, Kingston, Jamaica; 2: Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; 3: Systems Engineering Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 38 Issue 13, p2251; Thesaurus Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Thesaurus Term: ENGINEERING; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Subject Term: GRAPHIC methods in statistics; Subject Term: MATRICES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design optimality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prediction variance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response surface designs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restricted randomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Split-plot designs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 10 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/03610920802521232
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paletz, Susannah B. F.
AU  - Bearman, Christopher
AU  - Orasanu, Judith
AU  - Holbrook, Jon
T1  - Socializing the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System: Incorporating Social Psychological Phenomena Into a Human Factors Error Classification System.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 445
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - Objective: The presence of social psychological pressures on pilot decision making was assessed using qualitative analyses of critical incident interviews. Background: Social psychological phenomena have long been known to influence attitudes and behavior but have not been highlighted in accident investigation models. Method: Using a critical incident method, 28 pilots who flew in Alaska were interviewed. The participants were asked to describe a situation involving weather when they were pilot in command and found their skills challenged. They were asked to describe the incident in detail but were not explicitly asked to identify social pressures. Pressures were extracted from transcripts in a bottom-up manner and then clustered into themes. Results: Of the 28 pilots, 16 described social psychological pressures on their decision making, specifically, informational social influence, the foot-in-the-door persuasion technique, normalization of deviance, and impression management and self-consistency motives. Conclusion: We believe accident and incident investigations can benefit from explicit inclusion of common social psychological pressures. Application: We recommend specific ways of incorporating these pressures into the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Social psychology
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Qualitative research
KW  - Social influence
KW  - Social pressure
KW  - Persuasion (Psychology)
N1  - Accession Number: 44482802; Paletz, Susannah B. F. 1; Email Address: sbfpaletz@gmail.com; Bearman, Christopher 2; Orasanu, Judith 3; Holbrook, Jon 4; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 2: University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 4: San Jose State University Research Foundation, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p435; Subject Term: Social psychology; Subject Term: Decision making; Subject Term: Qualitative research; Subject Term: Social influence; Subject Term: Social pressure; Subject Term: Persuasion (Psychology); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0018720809343588
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=44482802&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105241172
T1  - Socializing the human factors analysis and classification system: incorporating social psychological phenomena into a human factors error classification system.
AU  - Paletz SB
AU  - Bearman C
AU  - Orasanu J
AU  - Holbrook J
AU  - Paletz, Susannah B F
AU  - Bearman, Christopher
AU  - Orasanu, Judith
AU  - Holbrook, Jon
Y1  - 2009/08//
N1  - Accession Number: 105241172. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100115. Revision Date: 20170228. Publication Type: journal article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology. NLM UID: 0374660. 
KW  - Accidents, Aviation -- Psychosocial Factors
KW  - Aviation -- Methods
KW  - Psychology, Social
KW  - Stress, Psychological
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Social Environment
KW  - Weather
SP  - 435
EP  - 445
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
JA  - HUM FACTORS
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
AB  - Objective: The presence of social psychological pressures on pilot decision making was assessed using qualitative analyses of critical incident interviews.Background: Social psychological phenomena have long been known to influence attitudes and behavior but have not been highlighted in accident investigation models.Method: Using a critical incident method, 28 pilots who flew in Alaska were interviewed. The participants were asked to describe a situation involving weather when they were pilot in command and found their skills challenged. They were asked to describe the incident in detail but were not explicitly asked to identify social pressures. Pressures were extracted from transcripts in a bottom-up manner and then clustered into themes.Results: Of the 28 pilots, 16 described social psychological pressures on their decision making, specifically, informational social influence, the foot-in-the-door persuasion technique, normalization of deviance, and impression management and self-consistency motives.Conclusion: We believe accident and incident investigations can benefit from explicit inclusion of common social psychological pressures.Application: We recommend specific ways of incorporating these pressures into theHuman Factors Analysis and Classification System.
SN  - 0018-7208
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA. sbfpaletz@gmail.com
U2  - PMID: 19899355.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolaou, Symeon
AU  - Kingsley, Nickolas D.
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - UWB Elliptical Monopoles With a Reconfigurable Band Notch Using MEMS Switches Actuated Without Bias Lines.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2009/08//
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 57
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2242
EP  - 2251
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Two CPW-fed elliptical monopoles were fabricated on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with reconfigurable rejection band (band-notch) characteristics in the frequency range between S and 6 GHz. The first antenna uses a λ/2 long, U-shaped slot and the second antenna uses two symmetrically placed λ/4 long, inverted L-shaped stubs as resonating elements. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches are used to activate and deactivate the resonating elements without the need of dc bias lines due to a novel design of the switch geometry. Transmission line models and surface current distributions are used to explain the effect of the added resonating elements. Reflection coefficient radiation pattern and gain measurements are presented to verify the design concepts featuring a very satisfactory performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - MAGNETIC monopoles
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
N1  - Accession Number: 44060741; Source Information: Aug2009, Vol. 57 Issue 8, p2242; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Subject Term: MAGNETIC monopoles; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2024450
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=44060741&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muratov, Cyrill B.
AU  - Osipov, Viatcheslav V.
T1  - Bit Storage by 360° Domain Walls in Ferromagnetic Nanorings.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3207
EP  - 3209
SN  - 00189464
AB  - We propose a theoretical design for a magnetic memory cell, based on thin-film ferromagnetic nanorings, that can efficiently store, record, and read out information. An information bit is represented by the polarity of a stable 360° domain wall introduced into the ring. Switching between the two magnetization states is done by a current applied to a wire passing through the ring, whereby the 360° domain wall splits into two charged 180° walls, which then move to the opposite extreme of the ring to recombine into a 360° wall of the opposite polarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - SWITCHING theory
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
KW  - DOMAIN structure
KW  - GEOMAGNETIC reversals
KW  - Current-induced switching
KW  - ferromagnetic rings
KW  - magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM)
KW  - micromagnetic modeling
KW  - topological domain walls
N1  - Accession Number: 43729033; Muratov, Cyrill B. 1; Email Address: muratov@njit.edu; Osipov, Viatcheslav V. 2,3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA; 2: Mission Critical Technologies, Inc., El Segundo, CA 90245 USA; 3: Intelligent Systems Division, D&SH Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p3207; Thesaurus Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: SWITCHING theory; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: DOMAIN structure; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETIC reversals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Current-induced switching; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferromagnetic rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM); Author-Supplied Keyword: micromagnetic modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: topological domain walls; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2020329
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=43729033&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stepanyan, Vahram
AU  - Kurdila, Andrew
T1  - Asymptotic Tracking of Uncertain Systems With Continuous Control Using Adaptive Bounding.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
PY  - 2009/08//
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1329
SN  - 10459227
AB  - This paper presents a robust adaptive control design method for a class of multiple-input-multiple-output uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of parametric and nonparametric uncertainties and bounded disturbances. Using the approximation properties of the unknown continuous nonlinearities and the adaptive bounding technique, the developed controller achieves asymptotic convergence of the tracking error to zero, while ensuring boundedness of parameter estimation errors. The algorithm does not assume the knowledge of any bound on the unknown quantities in designing the controller. It is based on an integral technique involving the filtered tracking error and produces a continuous control. Theoretical developments are illustrated via simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC expansions
KW  - ASYMPTOTES
KW  - SYSTEMS theory -- Asymptotic theory
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - ROBUST control
N1  - Accession Number: 44111455; Source Information: Aug2009, Vol. 20 Issue 8, p1320; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC expansions; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTES; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory -- Asymptotic theory; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TNN.2009.2023214
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=44111455&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zibordi, Giuseppe
AU  - Holben, Brent
AU  - Slutsker, Ilya
AU  - Giles, David
AU  - D'Alimonte, Davide
AU  - Mélin, Frédéric
AU  - Berthon, Jean-François
AU  - Vandemark, Doug
AU  - Hui Feng
AU  - Schuster, Gregory
AU  - Fabbri, Bryan E.
AU  - Kaitala, Seppo
AU  - Seppälä, Jukka
T1  - AERONET-OC: A Network for the Validation of Ocean Color Primary Products.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1634
EP  - 1651
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The ocean color component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-OC) has been implemented to support long-term satellite ocean color investigations through cross-site consistent and accurate measurements collected by autonomous radiometer systems deployed on offshore fixed platforms. The AERONET-OC data products are the normalized water-leaving radiances determined at various center wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. These data complement atmospheric AERONET aerosol products, such as optical thickness, size distribution, single scattering albedo, and phase function. This work describes in detail this new AERONET component and its specific elements including measurement method, instrument calibration, processing scheme, quality assurance, uncertainties, data archive, and products accessibility. Additionally, the atmospheric and bio-optical features of the sites currently included in AERONET-OC are briefly summarized. After illustrating the application of AERONET-OC data to the validation of primary satellite products over a variety of complex coastal waters, recommendations are then provided for the identification of new deployment sites most suitable to support satellite ocean color missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Spectral irradiance
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 43653522; Zibordi, Giuseppe 1; Email Address: giuseppe.zibordi@jrc.it; Holben, Brent 2; Slutsker, Ilya 3; Giles, David 3; D'Alimonte, Davide 4; Mélin, Frédéric 1; Berthon, Jean-François 1; Vandemark, Doug 5; Hui Feng 5; Schuster, Gregory 6; Fabbri, Bryan E. 6; Kaitala, Seppo 7; Seppälä, Jukka 7; Affiliations: 1: Global Environment Monitoring Unit, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: Centro de Inteligência Artificial, Universitade Nova de Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal; 5: OPAL, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 7: Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p1634; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Ocean color; Subject Term: Photometry; Subject Term: Spectral irradiance; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JTECHO654.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=43653522&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tangdong Qu
AU  - Shan Gao
AU  - Fukumori, Ichiro
AU  - Fine, Rana A.
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric J.
T1  - Origin and Pathway of Equatorial 13°C Water in the Pacific Identified by a Simulated Passive Tracer and Its Adjoint.
JO  - Journal of Physical Oceanography
JF  - Journal of Physical Oceanography
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 39
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1836
EP  - 1853
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00223670
AB  - The origin and pathway of the thermostad water in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, often referred to as the equatorial 13°C Water, are investigated using a simulated passive tracer and its adjoint, based on circulation estimates of a global general circulation model. Results demonstrate that the source region of the 13°C Water lies well outside the tropics. In the South Pacific, some 13°C Water is formed northeast of New Zealand, confirming an earlier hypothesis on the water’s origin. The South Pacific origin of the 13°C Water is also related to the formation of the Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) and the Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW). The portion of the ESTMW and SAMW that eventually enters the density range of the 13°C Water (25.8 < σθ < 26.6 kg m-3) does so largely by mixing. Water formed in the subtropics enters the equatorial region predominantly through the western boundary, while its interior transport is relatively small. The fresher North Pacific ESTMW and Central Mode Water (CMW) are also important sources of the 13°C Water. The ratio of the southern versus the northern origins of the water mass is about 2 to 1 and tends to increase with time elapsed from its origin. Of the total volume of initially tracer-tagged water in the eastern equatorial Pacific, approximately 47.5% originates from depths above σθ = 25.8 kg m-3 and 34.6% from depths below σθ = 26.6 kg m-3, indicative of a dramatic impact of mixing on the route of subtropical water to becoming the 13°C Water. Still only a small portion of the water formed in the subtropics reaches the equatorial region, because most of the water is trapped and recirculates in the subtropical gyre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Water masses
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - General circulation model
KW  - Thermostat
KW  - Pacific Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 43743450; Tangdong Qu 1; Email Address: tangdong@hawaii.edu; Shan Gao 1,2; Fukumori, Ichiro 3; Fine, Rana A. 4; Lindstrom, Eric J. 5; Affiliations: 1: International Pacific Research Center, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii; 2: Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 4: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; 5: Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 39 Issue 8, p1836; Thesaurus Term: Water masses; Thesaurus Term: Oceanography; Thesaurus Term: General circulation model; Subject Term: Thermostat; Subject: Pacific Ocean; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JPO4045.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=43743450&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoff, Raymond
AU  - Hai Zhang
AU  - Jordan, Nikisa
AU  - Prados, Ana
AU  - Engel-Cox, Jill
AU  - Huff, Amy
AU  - Weber, Stephanie
AU  - Zell, Erica
AU  - Kondragunta, Shobha
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Johns, Brad
AU  - Dimmick, Fred
AU  - Wimmers, Anthony
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jay
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
T1  - Applications of the Three-Dimensional Air Quality System to Western U.S. Air Quality: IDEA, Smog Blog, Smog Stories, AirQuest, and the Remote Sensing Information Gateway.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 59
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 980
EP  - 989
PB  - Air & Waste Management Association
SN  - 10962247
AB  - A system has been developed to combine remote sensing and ground-based measurements of aerosol concentration and aerosol light scattering parameters into a threedimensional view of the atmosphere over the United States. Utilizing passive and active remote sensors from space and the ground, the system provides tools to visualize particulate air pollution in near real time and archive the results for retrospective analyses. The main components of the system (Infusing satellite Data into Environmental Applications [IDEA], the U.S. Air Quality Weblog [Smog Blog], Smog Stories, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's AIRQuest decision support system, and the Remote Sensing Information Gateway [RSIG]) are described, and the relationship of how data move from one system to another is outlined. To provide examples of how the results can be used to analyze specific pollution episodes, three events (two fires and one wintertime low planetary boundary layer haze) are discussed. Not all tools are useful at all times, and the limitations, including the sparsity of some data, the interference caused by overlying clouds, etc., are shown. Nevertheless, multiple sources of data help a state, local, or regional air quality analyst construct a more thorough picture of a daily air pollution situation than what one would obtain with only surface-based sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association) is the property of Air & Waste Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Air analysis
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Environmentalism
KW  - Light -- Scattering
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 43589879; Hoff, Raymond 1; Email Address: hoff@umbc.edu; Hai Zhang 1; Jordan, Nikisa 1; Prados, Ana 1; Engel-Cox, Jill 2; Huff, Amy 2; Weber, Stephanie 2; Zell, Erica 2; Kondragunta, Shobha 3; Szykman, James 4; Johns, Brad 4; Dimmick, Fred 4; Wimmers, Anthony 5; Al-Saadi, Jay 6; Kittaka, Chieko 7; Affiliations: 1: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD; 2: Battelle Memorial Institute, Arlington, VA; 3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, Camp Springs, MD; 4: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; 5: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 59 Issue 8, p980; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Air analysis; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Environmentalism; Subject Term: Light -- Scattering; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 3 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.980
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anning Cheng
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
T1  - A PDF-Based Microphysics Parameterization for Simulation of Drizzling Boundary Layer Clouds.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 66
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2317
EP  - 2334
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Formulating the contribution of subgrid-scale (SGS) variability to microphysical processes in boundary layer and deep convective cloud parameterizations is a challenging task because of the complexity of microphysical processes and the lack of subgrid-scale information. In this study, a warm-rain microphysics parameterization that is based on a joint double-Gaussian distribution of vertical velocity, liquid water potential temperature, total water mixing ratio, and perturbation of rainwater mixing ratio is developed to simulate drizzling boundary layer clouds with a single column model (SCM). The probability distribution function (PDF) is assumed, but its parameters evolve according to equations that invoke higher-order turbulence closure. These parameters are determined from the first-, second-, and third-order moments and are then used to derive analytical expressions for autoconversion, collection, and evaporation rates. The analytical expressions show that correlation between rainwater and liquid water mixing ratios of the Gaussians enhances the collection rate whereas that between saturation deficit and rainwater mixing ratios of the Gaussians enhances the evaporation rate. Cases of drizzling shallow cumulus and stratocumulus are simulated with large-eddy simulation (LES) and SCM runs (SCM-CNTL and SCM-M): LES explicitly resolves SGS variability, SCM-CNTL parameterizes SGS variability with the PDF-based scheme, but SCM-M uses the grid-mean profiles to calculate the conversion rates of microphysical processes. SCM-CNTL can well reproduce the autoconversion, collection, and evaporation rates from LES. Comparisons between the two SCM experiments showed improvements in mean profiles of potential temperature, total water mixing ratio, liquid water, and cloud amount in the simulations considering SGS variability. A 3-week integration using the PDF-based microphysics scheme indicates that the scheme is stable for long-term simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Evaporation (Meteorology)
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Gaussian distribution
KW  - Probability theory
N1  - Accession Number: 43552485; Anning Cheng 1; Email Address: anning-cheng@ssaihq.com; Kuan-Man Xu 2; Affiliations: 1: AS&M, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 66 Issue 8, p2317; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Evaporation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Subject Term: Gaussian distribution; Subject Term: Probability theory; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAS2944.1
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Michael S.
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
T1  - The composition of dust in Jupiter-family comets inferred from infrared spectroscopy
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 57
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1133
EP  - 1145
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We review the composition of Jupiter-family comet (JFC) dust as inferred from infrared spectroscopy. We find that JFCs have silicate emission features with fluxes roughly 20–25% over the dust continuum (emission strength 1.20–1.25), similar to the weakest silicate features in Oort Cloud (OC) comets. We discuss the grain properties that alter the silicate emission feature (composition, size, and structure/shape), and emphasize that thermal emission from the comet nucleus can have significant influence on the derived silicate emission strength. Recent evidence suggests that grain porosity is the is different between JFCs and OC comets, but more observations and models of silicates in JFCs are needed to determine if a consistent set of grain parameters can explain their weak silicate emission features. Models of 8m telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope observations have shown that JFCs have crystalline silicates with abundances similar to or less than those found in OC comets, although the crystalline silicate mineralogy of comets 9P/Tempel and C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) differ from each other in Mg and Fe content. The heterogeneity of comet nuclei can also be assessed with mid-infrared spectroscopy, and we review the evidence for heterogeneous dust properties in the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel. Models of dust formation, mixing in the solar nebula, and comet formation must be able to explain the observed range of Mg and Fe content and the heterogeneity of comet 9P/Tempel, although more work is needed in order to understand to what extent do comets 9P/Tempel and Hale-Bopp represent comets as a whole. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Cosmic dust
KW  - Comets
KW  - Silicates
KW  - Emission spectroscopy
KW  - Planetary nebulae
KW  - Jupiter (Planet)
KW  - Comets: dust
KW  - Spectra: infrared
N1  - Accession Number: 43412247; Kelley, Michael S. 1; Email Address: msk@physics.ucf.edu; Wooden, Diane H. 2; Email Address: Diane.H.Wooden@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2385, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 57 Issue 10, p1133; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Cosmic dust; Subject Term: Comets; Subject Term: Silicates; Subject Term: Emission spectroscopy; Subject Term: Planetary nebulae; Subject Term: Jupiter (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets: dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectra: infrared; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.11.017
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, W. J
AU  - Koch, D.
AU  - Jenkins, J.
AU  - Sasselov, D.
AU  - Gilliland, R.
AU  - Batalha, N.
AU  - Latham, D. W.
AU  - Caldwell, D.
AU  - Basri, G.
AU  - Brown, T.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, j.
AU  - Cochran, W. D.
AU  - De Vor, E.
AU  - Dunham, E.
AU  - Dupree, A. K.
AU  - Gautier, T.
AU  - Geary, J.
AU  - Gould, A.
AU  - Howell, S.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
T1  - Kepler's Optical Phase Curve of the Exoplanet HAT-P-7b.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/08/07/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5941
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 709
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses the Kepler mission, which was launched on March 6, 2009 to detect exoplanets that are the size of Earth. Researchers collected photometric data on stars during the commissioning phase of the mission. Some of this data pertained to the exoplanet HAT-P-7b, including its optical phase curve, the makeup of its atmosphere, and its dayside temperature.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Planetary research
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Astronomical photometry
KW  - Stars
N1  - Accession Number: 43944202; Borucki, W. J 1; Email Address: william.j.borucki@nasa.gov; Koch, D. 1; Jenkins, J. 2; Sasselov, D. 3; Gilliland, R. 4; Batalha, N. 5; Latham, D. W. 3; Caldwell, D. 2; Basri, G. 6; Brown, T. 7; Christensen-Dalsgaard, j. 8; Cochran, W. D. 9; De Vor, E. 2; Dunham, E. 10; Dupree, A. K. 3; Gautier, T. 11; Geary, J. 3; Gould, A. 12; Howell, S. 13; Kjeldsen, H. 8; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 4: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 81218, USA; 5: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95198, USA; 6: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 7: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA; 8: Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; 9: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 10: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 12: Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 13: National Optical Astronomy Observatoru, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Issue Info: 8/7/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5941, p709; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Planetary research; Subject Term: Planetary atmospheres; Subject Term: Astronomical photometry; Subject Term: Stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinbrecht, W.
AU  - Claude, H.
AU  - Schönenborn, F.
AU  - McDermid, I. S.
AU  - Leblanc, T.
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, S.
AU  - Keckhut, P.
AU  - Hauchecorne, A.
AU  - Van Gijsel, J. A. E.
AU  - Swart, D. P. J.
AU  - Bodeker, G. E.
AU  - Parrish, A.
AU  - Boyd, I. S.
AU  - Kämpfer, N.
AU  - Hocke, K.
AU  - Stolarski, R. S.
AU  - Frith, S. M.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Remsberg, E. E.
AU  - Von Savigny, C.
T1  - Ozone and temperature trends in the upper stratosphere at five stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/08/10/
VL  - 30
IS  - 15/16
M3  - Article
SP  - 3875
EP  - 3886
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Upper stratospheric ozone anomalies from the satellite-borne Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SBUV), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS), and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instruments agree within 5% or better with ground-based data from lidars and microwave radiometers at five stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), from 45°S to 48°N. From 1979 until the late 1990s, all available data show a clear decline of ozone near 40 km, by 10%-15%. This decline has not continued in the last 10 years. At some sites, ozone at 40 km appears to have increased since 2000, consistent with the beginning decline of stratospheric chlorine. The phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons after the International Montreal Protocol in 1987 has been successful, and is now showing positive effects on ozone in the upper stratosphere. Temperature anomalies near 40 km altitude from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast reanalyses (ERA-40), from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational analyses, and from HALOE and lidar measurements show good consistency at the five stations, within about 3 K. Since about 1985, upper stratospheric temperatures have been fluctuating around a constant level at all five NDACC stations. This non-decline of upper stratospheric temperatures is a significant change from the more or less linear cooling of the upper stratosphere up until the mid-1990s, reported in previous trend assessments. It is also at odds with the almost linear 1 K per decade cooling simulated over the entire 1979-2010 period by chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The same CCM simulations, however, track the historical ozone anomalies quite well, including the change of ozone tendency in the late 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Chemosphere
KW  - Meteorological instruments
KW  - Microwaves
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Artificial satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 43494511; Steinbrecht, W. 1; Email Address: wolfgang.steinbrecht@dwd.de; Claude, H. 1; Schönenborn, F. 1; McDermid, I. S. 2; Leblanc, T. 2; Godin-Beekmann, S. 3; Keckhut, P. 3; Hauchecorne, A. 3; Van Gijsel, J. A. E. 4; Swart, D. P. J. 4; Bodeker, G. E. 5; Parrish, A. 6; Boyd, I. S. 6; Kämpfer, N. 7; Hocke, K. 7; Stolarski, R. S. 8; Frith, S. M. 8; Thomason, L. W. 9; Remsberg, E. E. 10; Von Savigny, C. 11; Affiliations: 1: Meteorological Observatory, Deutscher Wetterdienst, D-82383, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.; 2: Table Mountain Observatory, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wrightwood, CA, USA.; 3: Service d'Aéronomie, CNRS, Verrie`res-le-Buisson, 91370 Paris, France.; 4: Laboratory for Environmental Monitoring, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.; 5: National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand.; 6: Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.; 7: Institut für angewandte Physik, Universität, Bern, Switzerland.; 8: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.; 9: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.; 10: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.; 11: Institut für Umweltphysik und Fernerkundung, Universität, Bremen, Germany.; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 30 Issue 15/16, p3875; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Chemosphere; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological instruments; Subject Term: Microwaves; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160902821841
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - B. Kärcher
AU  - Burkhardt, U.
AU  - Unterstrasser, S.
AU  - Minnis, P.
T1  - Factors controlling contrail cirrus optical depth.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/08/15/
VL  - 9
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 6229
EP  - 6254
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Aircraft contrails develop into contrail cirrus by depositional growth and sedimentation of ice particles and horizontal spreading due to wind shear. Factors controlling this development include temperature, ice supersaturation, thickness of ice-supersaturated layers, and vertical gradients in the horizontal wind field. An analytical microphysical cloud model is presented and validated that captures these processes. Many individual contrail cirrus are simulated that develop differently owing to the variability in the controlling factors, resulting in large samples of cloud properties that are statistically analyzed. Contrail cirrus development is studied over the first four hours past formation, similar to the ages of line-shaped contrails that were tracked in satellite imagery on regional scales. On these time scales, contrail cirrus optical depth and microphysical variables exhibit a marked variability, expressed in terms of broad and skewed probability distribution functions. Simulated mean optical depths at a wavelength of 0.55μm range from 0.05-0.5 and a substantial fraction 20-50% of contrail cirrus stay subvisible (optical depth <0.02), depending on meteorological conditions. A detailed analysis based on an observational case study over the continental USA suggests that previous satellite measurements of line-shaped persistent contrails have missed about 89%, 50%, and 11% of contrails with optical depths 0-0.05, 0.05-0.1, and 0.1-0.2, respectively, amounting to 65% of contrail coverage of all optical depths. When comparing observations with simulations and when estimating the contrail cirrus climate impact, not only mean values but also the variability in optical depth and microphysical properties need to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Ice
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Wind shear
N1  - Accession Number: 44127229; B. Kärcher 1; Email Address: bernd.kaercher@dlr.de; Burkhardt, U. 1; Unterstrasser, S. 1; Minnis, P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Deutsches Zentrum fúr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut fúr Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 16, p6229; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Wind shear; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - 
AU  - Wolfe, Shawn R.1,2, srwolfe@soe.ucsc.edu
AU  - Yi Zhang3, yiz@soe.ucsc.edu
T1  - User-Centric Multi-Criteria Information Retrieval.
JO  - SIGIR Forum
JF  - SIGIR Forum
J1  - SIGIR Forum
PY  - 2009/08/15/2009 Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/08/15/2009 Proceedings
M3  - Article
SP  - 818
EP  - 819
SN  - 01635840
AB  - Information retrieval models usually represent content only, and not other considerations, such as authority, cost, and recency. How could multiple criteria be utilized in information retrieval, and how would it effect the results? In our experiments, using multiple user-centric criteria always produced better results than a single criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - Internet users
KW  - Information retrieval
KW  - Electronic information resource searching
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Information resources management
KW  - Electronic data processing
KW  - Decision making
KW  - multi-criteria decision making
N1  - Accession Number: 48621738; Authors: Wolfe, Shawn R. 1,2 Email Address: srwolfe@soe.ucsc.edu; Yi Zhang 3 Email Address: yiz@soe.ucsc.edu; Affiliations:  1: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA;  2: Lntelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA;  3: School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz,; Subject: Internet users; Subject: Information retrieval; Subject: Electronic information resource searching; Subject: Algorithms; Subject: Decision making; Subject: Information resources management; Subject: Electronic data processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: multi-criteria decision making; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Record Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Peter A.
AU  - Rudisill, Jamie R.
AU  - Neeley, Aimee R.
AU  - Maucher, Jennifer M.
AU  - Hutchins, David A.
AU  - Yuanyuan Feng
AU  - Hare3, Clinton E.
AU  - Leblanc, Karine
AU  - Rose, Julie M.
AU  - Wilhelm, Steven W.
AU  - Rowe, Janet M.
AU  - DiTullio, Giacomo R.
T1  - Effects of increased pCO2 and temperature on the North Atlantic spring bloom. III. Dimethylsulfoniopropionate.
JO  - Marine Ecology Progress Series
JF  - Marine Ecology Progress Series
Y1  - 2009/08/19/
VL  - 388
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 49
SN  - 01718630
AB  - The article details the findings made during an incubation experiment and discusses the changes in dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) concentrations and DMSP-lyase activity (DLA) that result from changes in algal community composition in the North Atlantic spring bloom. It describes the effect of both atmospheric temperature and carbon dioxide on biogeochemical processes and algal community structure. It also illustrates changes in and connections between microzooplankton grazing dynamics and algal community structure.
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- Physiological effect
KW  - Atmospheric temperature -- Physiological effect
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles
KW  - BEHAVIOR
KW  - Algal blooms
KW  - Algal communities
KW  - Dimethylpropiothetin
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Zooplankton
KW  - North Atlantic Region
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Dissolved DMSP
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Particulate DMSP
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 44474712; Lee, Peter A. 1; Email Address: leep@cofc.edu; Rudisill, Jamie R. 1; Neeley, Aimee R. 1,2; Maucher, Jennifer M. 3; Hutchins, David A. 4,5; Yuanyuan Feng 4,5; Hare3, Clinton E.; Leblanc, Karine 4,6,7; Rose, Julie M. 4,8; Wilhelm, Steven W. 9; Rowe, Janet M. 9,10; DiTullio, Giacomo R. 1,11; Affiliations: 1: Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Calibration and Validation Office, 1450 5. Rolling Road, Suite 4.111, Halethorpe, Maryland 21227, USA; 3: Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA; 4: College of Marine and Earth Studies, University of Delaware, 700 Pilottown Road, Lewes, Delaware 19958, USA; 5: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA; 6: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LOB-UMR 6535, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et de Biogéochimie, OSU/Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France; 7: CNRS (CNRS/INSU), UMR 6535, Campus de Luminy, Case 901, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 09, France; 8: Biology Department, MS #32, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 266 Woods Hole Road, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA; 9: Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 1414 West Cumberland Aye, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA; 10: Department of Plant Pathology, The University of Nebraska, 205 Morrison Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA; 11: Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, USA; Issue Info: 8/19/2009, Vol. 388, p41; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- Physiological effect; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature -- Physiological effect; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemical cycles; Thesaurus Term: BEHAVIOR; Thesaurus Term: Algal blooms; Subject Term: Algal communities; Subject Term: Dimethylpropiothetin; Subject Term: Global environmental change; Subject Term: Zooplankton; Subject Term: North Atlantic Region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissolved DMSP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate DMSP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3354/meps08135
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitsuzawa, Shigenobu
AU  - Kagawa, Hiromi
AU  - Li, Yifen
AU  - Chan, Suzanne L.
AU  - Paavola, Chad D.
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - The rosettazyme: A synthetic cellulosome
JO  - Journal of Biotechnology
JF  - Journal of Biotechnology
Y1  - 2009/08/20/
VL  - 143
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
EP  - 144
SN  - 01681656
AB  - Abstract: Cellulose is an attractive feedstock for biofuel production because of its abundance, but the cellulose polymer is extremely stable and its constituent sugars are difficult to access. In nature, extracellular multi-enzyme complexes known as cellulosomes are among the most effective ways to transform cellulose to useable sugars. Cellulosomes consist of a diversity of secreted cellulases and other plant cell-wall degrading enzymes bound to a protein scaffold. These scaffold proteins have cohesin modules that bind conserved dockerin modules on the enzymes. It is thought that the localization of these diverse enzymes on the scaffold allows them to function synergistically. In order to understand and harness this synergy smaller, simplified cellulosomes have been constructed, expressed, and reconstituted using truncated cohesin-containing scaffolds. Here we show that an 18-subunit protein complex called a rosettasome can be genetically engineered to bind dockerin-containing enzymes and function like a cellulosome. Rosettasomes are thermostable, group II chaperonins from the hyperthermo-acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae, which in the presence of ATP/Mg2+ assemble into 18-subunit, double-ring structures. We fused a cohesin module from Clostridium thermocellum to a circular permutant of a rosettasome subunit, and we demonstrate that the cohesin–rosettasomes: (1) bind dockerin-containing endo- and exo-gluconases, (2) the bound enzymes have increased cellulose-degrading activity compared to their activity free in solution, and (3) this increased activity depends on the number and ratio of the bound glucanases. We call these engineered multi-enzyme structures rosettazymes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biotechnology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass energy
KW  - Genetic engineering
KW  - Cellulose decomposition
KW  - Extracellular enzymes
KW  - Cellulase
KW  - Plant cell walls
KW  - Molecular chaperones
KW  - Gene expression
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - Cellulose
KW  - Cellulosome
KW  - Chaperonin
KW  - Rosettasome
N1  - Accession Number: 43765933; Mitsuzawa, Shigenobu 1,2; Kagawa, Hiromi 3; Li, Yifen 3; Chan, Suzanne L. 3; Paavola, Chad D. 4; Trent, Jonathan D. 1,4; Email Address: Jonathan.D.Trent@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 2: Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan; 3: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Aug2009, Vol. 143 Issue 2, p139; Thesaurus Term: Biomass energy; Thesaurus Term: Genetic engineering; Subject Term: Cellulose decomposition; Subject Term: Extracellular enzymes; Subject Term: Cellulase; Subject Term: Plant cell walls; Subject Term: Molecular chaperones; Subject Term: Gene expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellulose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellulosome; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chaperonin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rosettasome; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.06.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fisher, J. A.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Purdy, M. T.
AU  - Kopacz, M.
AU  - Le Sager, P.
AU  - Carouge, C.
AU  - Holmes, C. D.
AU  - Yantosca, R. M.
AU  - Batchelor, R. L.
AU  - Strong, K.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Holloway, J. S.
AU  - Hyer, E. J.
AU  - McMillan, W. W.
AU  - Warner, J.
AU  - Streets, D. G.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Wu, and S.
T1  - Source attribution and interannual variability of Arctic pollution in spring constrained by aircraft (ARCTAS, ARCPAC) and satellite (AIRS) observations of carbon monoxide.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 19035
EP  - 19080
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003-2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month-1 for Asian anthropogenic, 9.1 for European anthropogenic, 4.2 for North American anthropogenic, 9.3 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 21 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. We find that Asian anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source of Arctic CO pollution everywhere except in surface air where European anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance. Synoptic pollution influences in the Arctic free troposphere include contributions of comparable magnitude from Russian biomass burning and from North American, European, and Asian anthropogenic sources. European pollution dominates synoptic variability near the surface. Analysis of two pollution events sampled by the aircraft demonstrates that AIRS is capable of observing pollution transport to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere. The 2003-2008 record of CO from AIRS shows that interannual variability averaged over the Arctic cap is very small. AIRS CO columns over Alaska are highly correlated with the Ocean Niño Index, suggesting a link between El Niño and northward pollution transport. AIRS shows lower-than-average CO columns over Alaska during April 2008, despite the Russian fires, due to a weakened Aleutian Low hindering transport from Asia and associated with the moderate 2007-2008 La Niña. This suggests that Asian pollution influence over the Arctic may be particularly large under strong El Niño conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 47188693; Fisher, J. A. 1; Email Address: jafisher@fas.harvard.edu; Jacob, D. J. 1; Purdy, M. T. 2; Kopacz, M. 3; Le Sager, P. 1; Carouge, C. 1; Holmes, C. D. 1; Yantosca, R. M. 1; Batchelor, R. L. 4; Strong, K. 4; Diskin, G. S. 5; Fuelberg, H. E. 6; Holloway, J. S. 7,8; Hyer, E. J. 9; McMillan, W. W. 10,11; Warner, J. 11; Streets, D. G. 12; Zhang, Q. 12,13; Wang, Y. 13; Wu, and S. 14; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; 2: Risk Management Solutions, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA.; 3: Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA.; 4: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 6: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.; 7: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 8: Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 9: UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, USA.; 10: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; 11: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; 12: Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA.; 13: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.; 14: Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p19035; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
T1  - Technical Note: A time-dependent calibration correction for solar occultation instruments.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 20259
EP  - 20282
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Solar occultation has proven to be a reliable technique for the measurement of atmospheric constituents in the stratosphere. NASA's Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments (SAGE, SAGE II, and SAGE III) together have provided over 25 years of quality solar occultation data, a data record which has been an important resource for the scientific exploration of atmospheric composition and climate change. Herein, we describe an improvement to the processing of SAGE data that corrects for a previously uncorrected short-term time-dependence in the calibration function. The variability relates to the apparent rotation of the scanning track with respect to the face of the sun due to the motion of the satellite. Correcting for this effect results in a decrease in the measurement noise in the Level 1 line-of-sight optical depth measurements of approximately 40% in the middle and upper stratospheric SAGE II and III observations where it has been applied. The technique is potentially useful for any scanning solar occultation instrument, and suggests further improvement for future occultation measurements if a full disk imaging system can be included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Imaging systems
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47188723; Burton, S. P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov; Thomason, L. W. 2; Zawodny, J. M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p20259; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Imaging systems; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Bui, T.-P.
AU  - Lawson, P.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.
T1  - Ice nucleation and cloud microphysical properties in tropical tropopause layer cirrus.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 20631
EP  - 20675
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In past modeling studies, it has generally been assumed that the predominant mechanism for nucleation of ice in the uppermost troposphere is homogeneous freezing of aqueous aerosols. However, recent in situ and remote-sensing measurements of the properties of cirrus clouds at very low temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are broadly inconsistent with theoretial predictions based on the homogeneous freezing assumption. The nearly ubiquitous occurrence of gravity waves in the TTL makes the predictions from homogeneous nucleation theory particularly difficult to reconcile with measurements. These measured properties include ice number concentrations, which are much lower than theory predicts; ice crystal size distributions, which are much broader than theory predicts; and cloud extinctions, which are much lower than theory predicts. Although other explanations are possible, one way to limit ice concentrations is to have on the order of 50 L-1 effective ice nuclei (IN) that could nucleate ice at relatively low supersaturations. We suggest that ammonium sulfate particles, which would be dry much of the time in the cold TTL, are a potential IN candidate for TTL cirrus. Possible implications of the observed cloud microphysical properties for ice sedimentation, dehydration, and cloud persistence are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Nucleation
KW  - Ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 47188734; Jensen, E. J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov; Pfister, L. 1; Bui, T.-P. 1; Lawson, P. 2; Baumgardner, D. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 2: SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO, USA.; 3: Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Mexico.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p20631; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Nucleation; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Number of Pages: 45p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Bergstrom, R. W.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - DeCarlo, P. F.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Holben, B.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Strawa, A.
T1  - Absorption Angstrom Exponent in AERONET and related data as an indicator of aerosol composition.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 21785
EP  - 21817
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Recent results from diverse air, ground, and laboratory studies using both radiometric and in situ techniques show that the fractions of black carbon, organic matter, and mineral dust in atmospheric aerosols determine the wavelength dependence of absorption (expressed as Absorption Angstrom Exponent, or AAE). Taken together, these results hold promise of improving information on aerosol composition from remote measurements. The purpose of this paper is to show that AAE values for Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) retrievals from Sun-sky measurements describing the full aerosol vertical column are also strongly correlated with aerosol composition or type. In particular, we find AAE values near 1 (the theoretical value for black carbon) for AERONET-measured aerosol columns dominated by urban-industrial aerosol, larger AAE values for biomass burning aerosols, and the largest AAE values for Sahara dust aerosols. Ambiguities in aerosol composition or mixtures thereof, resulting from intermediate AAE values, can be reduced via cluster analyses that supplement AAE with other variables, for example Extinction Angstrom Exponent (EAE), which is an indicator of particle size. Together with previous results, these results strengthen prospects for determining aerosol composition from space, for example using the Glory Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS), which promises retrievals of multiwavelength single-scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol optical depth (and therefore aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and AAE), as well as shape and other aerosol properties. Cluster analyses promise additional information content, for example by using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) to add AAOD in the near ultraviolet and CALIPSO aerosol layer heights to reduce height-absorption ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Dust
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Cluster analysis (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 47188768; Russell, P. B. 1; Email Address: philip.b.russell@nasa.gov; Bergstrom, R. W. 2; Shinozuka, Y. 3; Clarke, A. D. 4; DeCarlo, P. F. 5; Jimenez, J. L. 6,7; Livingston, J. M. 8; Redemann, J. 2; Holben, B. 9; Dubovik, O. 10; Strawa, A. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 3rd Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA.; 3: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; 4: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.; 5: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.; 6: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 7: Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 8: SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.; 9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres, Code 912, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; 10: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique, CNRS Universite de Lille, Bat 5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq CEDEX, France.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p21785; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Subject Term: Cluster analysis (Statistics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lyapustin, A.
AU  - Gatebe, C. K.
AU  - Kahn, R.
AU  - Brandt, R.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Russell, P.
AU  - King, M. D.
AU  - Pedersen, C. A.
AU  - Gerland, S.
AU  - Poudyal, R.
AU  - Marshak, A.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Schaaf, C.
AU  - Hall, D.
AU  - Kokhanovsky, A.
T1  - Analysis of snow bidirectional reflectance from ARCTAS spring-2008 campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 21993
EP  - 22040
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The spring 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment was one of the major intensive field campaigns of the International Polar Year, aimed at detailed characterization of atmospheric physical and chemical processes in the Arctic region. Part of this campaign was a unique snow bidirectional reflectance experiment on the NASA P-3B aircraft conducted on 7 and 15 April by the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) jointly with airborne Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS) and ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sunphotometers. The CAR data were atmospherically corrected to derive snow bidirectional reflectance at high 1° angular resolution in view zenith and azimuthal angles along with surface albedo. The derived albedo was generally in good agreement with ground albedo measurements collected on 15 April. The CAR snow bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) was used to study the accuracy of analytical Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS), Modified Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete (MRPV) and Asymptotic Analytical Radiative Transfer (AART) BRF models. Except for the glint region (azimuthal angles φ<40°), the best fit MRPV and RTLS models fit snow BRF to within ±0.05. The plane-parallel radiative transfer (PPRT) solution was also analyzed with the models of spheres, spheroids, randomly oriented fractal crystals, and with a synthetic phase function. The latter merged the model of spheroids for the forward scattering angles with the fractal model in the backscattering direction. The PPRT solution with synthetic phase function provided the best fit to measured BRF in the full range of angles. Regardless of the snow grain shape, the PPRT model significantly over-/underestimated snow BRF in the glint/backscattering regions, respectively, which agrees with other studies. To improve agreement with the experiment, we introduced a model of macroscopic snow surface roughness by averaging the PPRT solution over the slope distribution function and by adding a simple model of shadows. With macroscopic roughness described by two parameters, the AART model achieved an accuracy of about ±0.05 with a possible bias of ±0.03 in the spectral range 0.4-2.2 μm. This high accuracy holds at view zenith angles below 55-60° covering the practically important range for remote sensing applications, and includes both glint and backscattering directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - International Polar Year, 2007-2008
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47188775; Lyapustin, A. 1,2; Email Address: alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov; Gatebe, C. K. 1,2; Kahn, R. 2; Brandt, R. 3; Redemann, J. 4; Russell, P. 5; King, M. D. 6; Pedersen, C. A. 7; Gerland, S. 7; Poudyal, R. 2,8; Marshak, A. 2; Wang, Y. 1,2; Schaaf, C. 9; Hall, D. 2; Kokhanovsky, A. 10; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.; 3: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI), Sonoma, CA USA.; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 6: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.; 7: Norwegian Polar Institute, 9296 Tromsø, Norway.; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA.; 9: Boston University, Boston, USA.; 10: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p21993; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject Term: International Polar Year, 2007-2008; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 48p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Moore, J. R.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Chiou, E.-W.
T1  - An evaluation of the SAGE III Version 4 aerosol extinction coefficient and water vapor data products.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 22177
EP  - 22222
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Herein, we provide an assessment of the data quality of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) Version 4 aerosol extinction coefficient and water vapor data products. The evaluation is based on comparisons with data from four instruments: SAGE II, the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Since only about half of the SAGE III channels have a direct comparison with measurements by other instruments, we have employed some empirical techniques to evaluate measurements at some wavelengths. We find that the aerosol extinction coefficient measurements at 449, 520, 755, 869, and 1021 nm are reliable with accuracies and precisions on the order of 10% in the primary aerosol range of 15 to 25 km. We also believe this to be true of the aerosol measurements at 1545 nm though we cannot exclude some positive bias below 15 km. We recommend use of the 385 nm measurements above 16 km where the accuracy is on par with other aerosol channels. The 601 nm measurement is much noisier (∼20%) than other channels and we suggest caution in the use of these data. We believe that the 676 nm data are clearly defective particularly above 20 km (accuracy as poor as 50%) and the precision is also low (∼30%). We suggest excluding this channel under most circumstances. The SAGE III Version 4 water vapor data product appears to be high quality and is recommended for science applications in the stratosphere below 45 km. In this altitude range, the mean differences with all four corroborative data sets are no bigger than 15% and often less than 10% with exceptional agreement with POAM III and MLS. Above 45 km, it seems likely that SAGE III water vapor values are increasingly too large and should be used cautiously or avoided. We believe that SAGE III meets its preflight goal of 15% accuracy and 10% precision between 15 and 45 km. We do not currently recommend limiting the SAGE III water vapor data utility in the stratosphere by aerosol loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Halogens
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Wavelengths
N1  - Accession Number: 47188779; Thomason, L. W. 1; Email Address: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov; Moore, J. R. 2; Pitts, M. C. 1; Zawodny, J. M. 1; Chiou, E.-W. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 3: DNET Systems, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p22177; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Halogens; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cognitive Performance During Prismatic Displacement as a Partial Analogue of "Space Fog".
AU  - Welch, Robert B.
AU  - Hoover, Merrit
AU  - Soutward, Elissa F.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 80
IS  - 9
SP  - 771
EP  - 780
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 44134291; Author: Welch, Robert B.: 1 email: robert.b.welch@nasa.gov. Author: Hoover, Merrit: 1 Author: Soutward, Elissa F.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, and the Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA; No. of Pages: 10; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20090911
N2  - Background: The fact that microgravity adaptation and recovery from the cognitive deficit of "space fog" follow approximately the same time course raises the possibility that they are related to one another. Two experiments tested this hypothesis. Methods: Because microgravity adaptation is unique to outer space, we investigated the Earth-based analogue of adapting to prismatic displacement. Participants' goal was to overcome the disruptive effects of this optical distortion on the speed and accuracy with which they negotiated an outdoor "slalom course." The experimental group had the additional assignment of performing a cognitive task. In Experiment 1, the task was making serial subtractions of 7 from an initial starting number, while in Experiment 2 it was to repeat back a sequence of high- and low-pitched tones. Results: In neither experiment did adaptation influence cognitive performance or vice versa. That is, the improvement of slalom-walking performance attributable to prism adaptation was the same with or without a concurrent cognitive task and cognitive task performance was unaffected by exposure to prismatic displacement. Instead, the experiments revealed that both prism exposure and cognitive task performance reduced participants' walking speed. Conclusions:These results suggest that the pace of astronauts' visual-motor behavior in space will be slowed by both microgravity and the cognitive tasks they must perform. They also bolster the use of prism adaptation as an inexpensive, ground-based means of studying microgravity adaptation. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - *ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments -- Research
KW  - COGNITIVE analysis
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPATIAL ability
KW  - adaptation
KW  - cognitive performance
KW  - microgravity
KW  - space fog
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Diffusion flames over a melting polymer disk in von kármán swirling flows
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 156
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1698
EP  - 1704
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: A laminar diffusion flame that is established over a spinning, thermoplastic, polymer fuel disk in a quiescent, oxidizing environment under microgravity is analyzed theoretically. The conservation equations for the polymer melt layer coupled to the gas-phase equations are solved numerically using similarity transformations. The polymer melting rate, the thickness of the melt layer, and the fraction of melted fuel that is burned in the gas-phase are predicted as functions of the ambient conditions and polymer property values. In these calculations the melt viscosity is assumed to vary with temperature in an Arrhenius form. Results are presented for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) disks burning in air at atmospheric pressure and compared against earlier experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Thermoplastics
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - Flame
KW  - Fusion (Phase transformation)
KW  - Laminar flow
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Conservation laws (Physics)
KW  - Polymethylmethacrylate
KW  - Diffusion flame
KW  - Polymer combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 43618408; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Balasubramaniam, R. 1; Williams, Forman A. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 156 Issue 9, p1698; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Thesaurus Term: Thermoplastics; Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Fusion (Phase transformation); Subject Term: Laminar flow; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Conservation laws (Physics); Subject Term: Polymethylmethacrylate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer combustion; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.06.009
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - House, Christopher H.
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
AU  - Turk, Kendra A.
AU  - Thomas, Burt
AU  - Pernthaler, Annelie
AU  - Vrentas, Jennifer M.
AU  - Joye, Samantha B.
T1  - Extensive carbon isotopic heterogeneity among methane seep microbiota.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2207
EP  - 2215
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - To assess and study the heterogeneity of δ13C values for seep microorganisms of the Eel River Basin, we studied two principally different sample sets: sediments from push cores and artificial surfaces colonized over a 14 month in situ incubation. In a single sediment core, the δ13C compositions of methane seep-associated microorganisms were measured and the relative activity of several metabolisms was determined using radiotracers. We observed a large range of archaeal δ13C values (> 50‰) in this microbial community. The δ13C of ANME-1 rods ranged from −24‰ to −87‰. The δ13C of ANME-2 sarcina ranged from −18‰ to −75‰. Initial measurements of shell aggregates were as heavy as −19.5‰ with none observed to be lighter than −57‰. Subsequent measurements on shell aggregates trended lighter reaching values as 13C-depleted as −73‰. The observed isotopic trends found for mixed aggregates were similar to those found for shell aggregates in that the initial measurements were often enriched and the subsequent analyses were more 13C-depleted (with values as light as −56‰). The isotopic heterogeneity and trends observed within taxonomic groups suggest that ANME-1 and ANME-2 sarcina are capable of both methanogenesis and methanotrophy. In situ microbial growth was investigated by incubating a series of slides and silicon (Si) wafers for 14 months in seep sediment. The experiment showed ubiquitous growth of bacterial filaments (mean δ13C = −38 ± 3‰), suggesting that this bacterial morphotype was capable of rapid colonization and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Saline seep
KW  - Eel River (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 44016238; House, Christopher H. 1; Email Address: chouse@geosc.psu.edu; Orphan, Victoria J. 2; Turk, Kendra A. 3; Thomas, Burt 1; Pernthaler, Annelie 4; Vrentas, Jennifer M. 1; Joye, Samantha B. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 220 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.; 2: NASA/Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 3: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.; 4: Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.; 5: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p2207; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Thesaurus Term: Saline seep; Subject: Eel River (Calif.); Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01934.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lecakes Jr., George D.
AU  - Morris, Jonathan A.
AU  - Schmalzel, John L.
AU  - Mandayam, Shreekanth
T1  - Virtual Reality Environments for Integrated Systems Health Management of Rocket Engine Tests.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2009/09//
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 58
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3050
EP  - 3057
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM) consists of processes managing erroneous conditions that systems may encounter during their operational life by either designing out failures early on or defending and mitigating any possible failures. A successful implementation of ISHM consists of the following four components: data sensors, computations, data sinks, and visualization modules. In this paper, we explore the use of virtual reality (VR) platforms as a candidate for developing ISHM visualization modules. VR allows for a complete and spatially accurate 3-D model of a system to be displayed in real time. It provides a medium for improved data assimilation and analysis through its core tenants of immersion, interaction, and navigation. Furthermore, VR allows for integrating graphical, functional, and measurement data in the same platform-providing for the development of subsequent risk-analysis modules. The research objectives of this paper are focused on creating a detailed visual model of a multisensor rocket engine test facility inside a VR platform and demonstrating the capability of the VR platform in integrating graphical, measurement, and health data in an immersive, navigable, and interactive manner. A human-based performance evaluation of the VR platform is also presented. These research objectives are addressed using an example of a multisensor rocket-engine portable test stand at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Stennis Space Center's E-3 test facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEM integration
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - IMMERSIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
N1  - Accession Number: 44167033; Source Information: Sep2009, Vol. 58 Issue 9, p3050; Subject Term: SYSTEM integration; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: IMMERSIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2009.2016823
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duda, David P.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - Basic Diagnosis and Prediction of Persistent Contrail Occurrence Using High-Resolution Numerical Weather Analyses/Forecasts and Logistic Regression. Part I: Effects of Random Error.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1780
EP  - 1789
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Straightforward application of the Schmidt–Appleman contrail formation criteria to diagnose persistent contrail occurrence from numerical weather prediction data is hindered by significant bias errors in the upper-tropospheric humidity. Logistic models of contrail occurrence have been proposed to overcome this problem, but basic questions remain about how random measurement error may affect their accuracy. A set of 5000 synthetic contrail observations is created to study the effects of random error in these probabilistic models. The simulated observations are based on distributions of temperature, humidity, and vertical velocity derived from Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) weather analyses. The logistic models created from the simulated observations were evaluated using two common statistical measures of model accuracy: the percent correct (PC) and the Hanssen–Kuipers discriminant (HKD). To convert the probabilistic results of the logistic models into a dichotomous yes/no choice suitable for the statistical measures, two critical probability thresholds are considered. The HKD scores are higher (i.e., the forecasts are more skillful) when the climatological frequency of contrail occurrence is used as the critical threshold, whereas the PC scores are higher (i.e., the forecasts are more accurate) when the critical probability threshold is 0.5. For both thresholds, typical random errors in temperature, relative humidity, and vertical velocity are found to be small enough to allow for accurate logistic models of contrail occurrence. The accuracy of the models developed from synthetic data is over 85% for the prediction of both contrail occurrence and nonoccurrence, although, in practice, larger errors would be anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Regression analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 44216820; Duda, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.duda@nasa.gov; Minnis, Patrick 2; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p1780; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Moisture; Subject Term: Regression analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAMC2056.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duda, David P.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - Basic Diagnosis and Prediction of Persistent Contrail Occurrence Using High-Resolution Numerical Weather Analyses/Forecasts and Logistic Regression. Part II: Evaluation of Sample Models.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1790
EP  - 1802
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - A probabilistic forecast to accurately predict contrail formation over the conterminous United States (CONUS) is created by using meteorological data based on hourly meteorological analyses from the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) and the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) combined with surface and satellite observations of contrails. Two groups of logistic models were created. The first group of models (SURFACE models) is based on surface-based contrail observations supplemented with satellite observations of contrail occurrence. The most common predictors selected for the SURFACE models tend to be related to temperature, relative humidity, and wind direction when the models are generated using RUC or ARPS analyses. The second group of models (OUTBREAK models) is derived from a selected subgroup of satellite-based observations of widespread persistent contrails. The most common predictors for the OUTBREAK models tend to be wind direction, atmospheric lapse rate, temperature, relative humidity, and the product of temperature and humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Condensation trails
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Temperature
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 44216819; Duda, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.duda@nasa.gov; Minnis, Patrick 2; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p1790; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Condensation trails; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAMC2057.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dongyeon Lee
AU  - Tippur, Hareesh
AU  - Kirugulige, Madhu
AU  - Bogert, Phillip
T1  - Experimental Study of Dynamic Crack Growth in Unidirectional Graphite/Epoxy Composites using Digital Image Correlation Method and High-speed Photography.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 43
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 2081
EP  - 2108
SN  - 00219983
AB  - In this work, fracture behavior of multilayered unidirectional graphite/epoxy composite (T800/3900-2) materials is investigated. Rectangular coupons with a single-edged notch are studied under geometrically symmetric loading configurations and impact loading conditions. The notch orientation parallel to or at an angle to the fiber orientation is considered to produce mode-I or mixed-mode (mode-I and -II) fracture. Feasibility of studying stress-wave induced crack initiation and rapid crack growth in fiber-reinforced composites using the digital image correlation method and high-speed photography is demonstrated. Analysis of photographed random speckles on specimen surface provides information pertaining to crack growth history as well as surface deformations in the crack-tip vicinity. Measured deformation fields are used to estimate mixed-mode fracture parameters and examine the effect of fiber orientation (β) on crack initiation and growth behaviors. The samples show differences in fracture responses depending upon the orientation of fibers. The maximum crack speed observed is the highest for mode-I dominant conditions and it decreases with fiber orientation angle. With increasing fiber orientation angle, crack takes longer to attain the maximum speed upon initiation. Continuous reduction of dynamic stress intensity factors after crack initiation under mode-I conditions is attributed to crack bridging. The crack initiation toughness values decrease with the degree-of-anisotropy or increase with fiber orientation angle. A rather good agreement between crack initiation toughness values and the ones from previous investigations is observed. There is also a good experimental correlation between dynamic stress intensity factor and crack-tip velocity histories for shallow fiber orientations of β=0, 15, and 30°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - DIGITAL images
KW  - HIGH-speed photography
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - digital speckle correlation
KW  - dynamic fracture
KW  - fiber reinforced composites
KW  - high-speed photography
KW  - mixed-mode crack growth
KW  - optical metrology
KW  - stress intensity factors
N1  - Accession Number: 44051881; Dongyeon Lee 1; Tippur, Hareesh 1; Email Address: htippur@eng.auburn.edu; Kirugulige, Madhu 1; Bogert, Phillip 2; Source Information: Sep2009, Vol. 43 Issue 19, p2081; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: GRAPHITE; Subject: DIGITAL images; Subject: HIGH-speed photography; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: digital speckle correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: fiber reinforced composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-speed photography; Author-Supplied Keyword: mixed-mode crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical metrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: stress intensity factors; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998309342139
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
AU  - Soto, Hector L.
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
T1  - Contribution of crosstalk to the uncertainty of electrostatic actuator calibrations.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 126
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1107
EP  - 1110
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Crosstalk in electrostatic actuator calibrations is defined as the ratio of the microphone response to the actuator excitation voltage at a given frequency with the actuator polarization voltage turned off to the response, at the excitation frequency, with the polarization voltage turned on. It consequently contributes to the uncertainty of electrostatic actuator calibrations. Two sources of crosstalk are analyzed: the first attributed to the stray capacitance between the actuator electrode and the microphone backplate, and the second to the ground resistance appearing as a common element in the actuator excitation and microphone input loops. Measurements conducted on 1/4, 1/2, and 1 in. air condenser microphones reveal that the crosstalk has no frequency dependence up to the membrane resonance frequency and that the level of crosstalk lies at about -60 dB for all three microphones—conclusions that are consistent with theory. The measurements support the stray capacitance model. The contribution of crosstalk to the measurement standard uncertainty of an electrostatic actuator calibration is therewith 0.01 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROSSTALK
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NUCLEAR excitation
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Dynamics)
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC microphone
N1  - Accession Number: 44114939; Shams, Qamar A. 1; Soto, Hector L. 1; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 2; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 2 : Analytical Services and Materials, 107 Research Drive, Hampton, Virginia 23666;  Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p1107; Subject Term: CROSSTALK; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR excitation; Subject Term: FREQUENCY response (Dynamics); Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC microphone; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.3167483
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turk, Francis Joseph
AU  - Byung-Ju Sohn
AU  - Hyun-Jong Oh
AU  - Ebert, Elizabeth E.
AU  - Levizzani, Vincenzo
AU  - Smith, Eric A.
T1  - Validating a rapid-update satellite precipitation analysis across telescoping space and time scales.
JO  - Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics
JF  - Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 105
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 108
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01777971
AB  - In order to properly utilize remotely sensed precipitation estimates in hydrometeorological applications, knowledge of the accuracy of the estimates are needed. However, relatively few ground validation networks operate with the necessary spatial density and time-resolution required for validation of high-resolution precipitation products (HRPP) generated at fine space and time scales (e.g., hourly accumulations produced on a 0.25° spatial scale). In this article, we examine over-land validation statistics for an operationally designed, meteorological satellite-based global rainfall analysis that blends intermittent passive microwave-derived rainfall estimates aboard a variety of low Earth-orbiting satellite platforms with sub-hourly time sampling capabilities of visible and infrared imagers aboard operational geostationary platforms. The validation dataset is comprised of raingauge data collected from the dense, nearly homogeneous, 1-min reporting Automated Weather Station (network of the Korean Meteorological Administration during the June to August 2000 summer monsoon season. The space-time RMS error, mean bias, and correlation matrices were computed using various time windows for the gauge averaging, centered about the satellite observation time. For ±10 min time window, a correlation of 0.6 was achieved at 0.1° spatial scale by averaging more than 3 days; coarsening the spatial scale to 1.8° produced the same correlation by averaging over 1 h. Finer than approximately 24-h and 1° time and space scales, respectively, a rapid decay of the error statistics was obtained by trading-off either spatial or time resolution. Beyond a daily time scale, the blended estimates were nearly unbiased and with an RMS error of no worse than 1 mm day−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Hydrometeorological services
KW  - Artificial satellites in remote sensing
KW  - Estimates
KW  - Graphic methods in statistics
N1  - Accession Number: 44008933; Turk, Francis Joseph 1; Email Address: jturk@jpl.nasa.gov; Byung-Ju Sohn 2; Email Address: sohn@snu.ac.kr; Hyun-Jong Oh 2; Email Address: ohj@kma.go.kr; Ebert, Elizabeth E. 3; Email Address: e.ebert@bom.gov.au; Levizzani, Vincenzo 4; Email Address: v.levizzani@isac.cnr.it; Smith, Eric A. 5; Email Address: eric.a.smith@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.; 2: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea.; 3: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Bureau of Meteorology Research Centre, GPO Box 1289K, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.; 4: National Council of Research, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, ISAC-CNR, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy.; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 613.6, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 105 Issue 1/2, p99; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Hydrometeorological services; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: Estimates; Subject Term: Graphic methods in statistics; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00703-009-0037-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Shengli
AU  - Crabtree, Robert L.
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Gross, Peggy
T1  - Estimating the quantity and quality of coarse woody debris in Yellowstone post-fire forest ecosystem from fusion of SAR and optical data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 113
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1926
EP  - 1938
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) quantity, defined as biomass per unit area (t/ha), and the quality, defined as the proportion of standing dead logs to the total CWD quantity, greatly contribute to many ecological processes such as forest nutrient cycling, tree regeneration, wildlife habitat, fire dynamics, and carbon dynamics. However, a cost-effective and time-saving method to determine CWD is not available. Very limited literature could be found that applies remote sensing technique to CWD inventory. In this paper, we fused the wall-to-wall multi-frequency and multi-polarization Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AirSAR) and optical Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to estimate the quantity and quality of CWD in Yellowstone post-fire forest ecosystem, where the severe 1988 fire event resulted in high spatial heterogeneity of dead logs. To relate backscatter values to CWD metrics, we first reduced the terrain effect to remove the interference of topography on AirSAR backscatter. Secondly, we removed the influence of regenerating sapling by quadratic polynomial fitting between AVIRIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and different channels backscatters. The quantity of CWD was derived from P hh and P hv, and the quality of CWD was derived from P hh aided by the ratio of L hv and P hh. Two maps of Yellowstone post-fire CWD quantity and quality were produced. The calculated CWD quantity and quality were validated by extensive field surveys. Regarding CWD quantity, the correlation coefficient between measured and predicted CWD is only 0.54 with mean absolute error up to 29.1 t/ha. However, if the CWD quantity was discretely classified into three categories of “≤60”, “60–120”, and “≥120”, the overall accuracy is 65.6%; if classified into two categories of “≤90” and “≥90”, the overall accuracy is 73.1%; if classified into two categories of “≤60” and “≥60”, the overall accuracy is 84.9%. This indicates our attempt to map CWD quantity spatially and continuously achieved partial success; however, the general and discrete categories are reasonable. Regarding CWD quality, the overall accuracy of 5 types (Type 1—standing CWD ratio ≥40%; Type 2—15%≤standing CWD ratio <40%; Type 3—7%≤standing CWD ratio<15%; Type 4—3%≤standing CWD ratio <7%; Type 5—standing CWD ratio <3%) is only 40.32%. However, when type 1, 2, 3 are combined into one category and type 4 and 5 are combined into one category, the overall accuracy is 67.74%. This indicates the partial success of our initial results to map CWD quality into detailed categories, but the result is acceptable if solely very coarse CWD quality is considered. Bias can be attributed to the complex influence of many factors, such as field survey error, sapling compensation, terrain effect reduction, surface properties, and backscatter mechanism understanding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Coarse woody debris
KW  - Forest fires
KW  - Forest ecology
KW  - Forest biomass
KW  - Forest regeneration
KW  - Nutrient cycles
KW  - Wood -- Quality
KW  - Synthetic aperture radar
KW  - Multisensor data fusion
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
KW  - Data fusion
KW  - Forest fire
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - SAR
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 43310306; Huang, Shengli 1,2; Email Address: huang@yellowstoneresearch.org; Crabtree, Robert L. 2,3; Potter, Christopher 1; Gross, Peggy 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Yellowstone Ecological Research Centre, 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite B, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; 3: HyPerspectives Inc., 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite C, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; 4: California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 113 Issue 9, p1926; Thesaurus Term: Coarse woody debris; Thesaurus Term: Forest fires; Thesaurus Term: Forest ecology; Thesaurus Term: Forest biomass; Thesaurus Term: Forest regeneration; Thesaurus Term: Nutrient cycles; Subject Term: Wood -- Quality; Subject Term: Synthetic aperture radar; Subject Term: Multisensor data fusion; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject: Yellowstone National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Rui
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Lin, Bing
T1  - Estimation of evapotranspiration in a mid-latitude forest using the Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI)
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 113
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2011
EP  - 2018
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: We developed an algorithm to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) from dense vegetation covered area from the first principle of surface energy balance model by using satellite retrieved Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI). This algorithm can be used under both clear sky and cloudy sky conditions. Long term seasonal trend of EDVI is linked to variance of canopy resistance due to the interrelationship among leaf development, environmental condition and microwave radiation. Short term changes of EDVI caused by synoptic scale weather variations is used to parameterize the responds of vegetation resistance to the quick changes of environmental factors including water vapor deficit, water potential and others. The performance of this algorithm was test at the Harvard forest site by using satellite measurements from the SSM/I F13 and F14 sensors. Validation at the site with 169 samples shows that the correlation coefficient (R 2) between estimated and observed ETs is 0.83 with a mean bias of 3.31 Wm−2 and a standard deviation of 79.63 Wm−2. The overall uncertainty of our ET retrieval is ~30%, which is within the uncertainty of current ground based ET measurements. Furthermore, the estimated ET in different local times (up to 4 times per day) successfully captured the diurnal cycle of ET. It is the first time that the diurnal variations of vegetation–atmosphere interactions were directly monitored from space. This study demonstrates that the technique reported here extends the current satellite capability of vegetation property and ET flux remote sensing from daytime, clear-sky conditions to day and night times and from intermediate leaf area index (LAI) to all range of vegetation states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Forest plants
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Artificial satellites in forestry
KW  - Bioenergetics
KW  - Forest canopies
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Computer algorithms
KW  - Harvard Forest (Mass. : Forest)
KW  - Massachusetts
KW  - Diurnal variations
KW  - Forest
KW  - Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI)
N1  - Accession Number: 43310313; Li, Rui 1; Min, Qilong 1; Email Address: min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; Lin, Bing 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203, United States; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 113 Issue 9, p2011; Thesaurus Term: Evapotranspiration; Thesaurus Term: Forest plants; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Artificial satellites in forestry; Thesaurus Term: Bioenergetics; Thesaurus Term: Forest canopies; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Computer algorithms; Subject: Harvard Forest (Mass. : Forest); Subject: Massachusetts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diurnal variations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
AU  - Deamer, David
T1  - Self-assembly and function of primitive cell membranes
JO  - Research in Microbiology
JF  - Research in Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 160
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 449
EP  - 456
SN  - 09232508
AB  - Abstract: We describe possible pathways for separating amphiphilic molecules from organic material on the early earth to form membrane-bound structures required for the start of cellular life. We review properties of the first membranes and their function as permeability barriers. Finally, we discuss the emergence of protein-mediated ion transport across membranes, which facilitated many other cellular functions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Research in Microbiology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cell membranes
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Permeability
KW  - Biological transport
KW  - Molecular evolution
KW  - Molecular self-assembly
KW  - Origin of life
KW  - Ion channels
KW  - Cell physiology
KW  - Amphiphile self-assembly
KW  - Membrane permeability
KW  - Origin of ion channels
KW  - Origins of cellular life
N1  - Accession Number: 44829566; Pohorille, Andrew 1,2; Email Address: deamer@chemistry.ucsc.edu; Deamer, David 3; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th St., CA 94158, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 160 Issue 7, p449; Thesaurus Term: Cell membranes; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Permeability; Thesaurus Term: Biological transport; Thesaurus Term: Molecular evolution; Subject Term: Molecular self-assembly; Subject Term: Origin of life; Subject Term: Ion channels; Subject Term: Cell physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amphiphile self-assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Membrane permeability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of ion channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origins of cellular life; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.06.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Thornton, Peter E.
AU  - Law, Beverly E.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - A hierarchical analysis of terrestrial ecosystem model Biome-BGC: Equilibrium analysis and model calibration
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2009/09/10/
VL  - 220
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 2009
EP  - 2023
SN  - 03043800
AB  - The increasing complexity of ecosystem models represents a major difficulty in tuning model parameters and analyzing simulated results. To address this problem, this study develops a hierarchical scheme that simplifies the Biome-BGC model into three functionally cascaded tiers and analyzes them sequentially. The first-tier model focuses on leaf-level ecophysiological processes; it simulates evapotranspiration and photosynthesis with prescribed leaf area index (LAI). The restriction on LAI is then lifted in the following two model tiers, which analyze how carbon and nitrogen is cycled at the whole-plant level (the second tier) and in all litter/soil pools (the third tier) to dynamically support the prescribed canopy. In particular, this study analyzes the steady state of these two model tiers by a set of equilibrium equations that are derived from Biome-BGC algorithms and are based on the principle of mass balance. Instead of spinning-up the model for thousands of climate years, these equations are able to estimate carbon/nitrogen stocks and fluxes of the target (steady-state) ecosystem directly from the results obtained by the first-tier model. The model hierarchy is examined with model experiments at four AmeriFlux sites. The results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively calibrate Biome-BGC to simulate observed fluxes of evapotranspiration and photosynthesis; and the carbon/nitrogen stocks estimated by the equilibrium analysis approach are highly consistent with the results of model simulations. Therefore, the scheme developed in this study may serve as a practical guide to calibrate/analyze Biome-BGC; it also provides an efficient way to solve the problem of model spin-up, especially for applications over large regions. The same methodology may help analyze other similar ecosystem models as well. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Ecophysiology
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - Multilevel models (Statistics)
KW  - Association schemes (Combinatorics)
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Biome-BGC
KW  - Equilibrium analysis
KW  - Hierarchical analysis
KW  - Model calibration
KW  - Terrestrial ecosystem
N1  - Accession Number: 43176814; Wang, Weile 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com; Ichii, Kazuhito 3; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 1,2; Michaelis, Andrew R. 1,2; Thornton, Peter E. 4; Law, Beverly E. 5; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliations: 1: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Japan; 4: Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 5: Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 220 Issue 17, p2009; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Ecophysiology; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Evapotranspiration; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Subject Term: Multilevel models (Statistics); Subject Term: Association schemes (Combinatorics); Subject Term: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biome-BGC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equilibrium analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hierarchical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial ecosystem; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.051
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Molaro, Jamie L.
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
T1  - High-frequency rock temperature data from hyper-arid desert environments in the Atacama and the Antarctic Dry Valleys and implications for rock weathering
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2009/09/15/
VL  - 110
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 182
EP  - 187
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Abstract: In desert environments with low water and salt contents, rapid thermal variations may be an important source of rock weathering. We have obtained temperature measurements of the surface of rocks in hyper-arid hot and cold desert environments at a rate of 1/s over several days. The values of temperature change over 1-second intervals were similar in hot and cold deserts despite a 30 °C difference in absolute rock surface temperature. The average percentage of the time dT/dt>2 °C/min was ~8±3%, >4 °C/min was 1±0.9%, and >8 °C/min was 0.02±0.03%. The maximum change over a 1-second interval was ~10 °C/min. When sampled to simulate data taken over intervals longer than 1 s, we found a reduction in time spent above the 2 °C/min temperature gradient threshold. For 1-minute samples, the time spent above any given threshold was about two orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding value for 1-second sampling. We suggest that a rough measure of efficacy of weathering as a function of frequency is the product of the percentage of time spent above a given threshold value multiplied by the damping depth for the corresponding frequency. This product has a broad maximum for periods between 3 and 10 s. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - Deserts
KW  - Valleys
KW  - Weathering
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Rock mechanics
KW  - Temperature measurements
KW  - Rocks -- Analysis
KW  - Sampling (Process)
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Arid
KW  - Atacama
KW  - Beacon
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Damping depth
KW  - Desert
KW  - Dry Valleys
KW  - Flaking
KW  - Fryxell
KW  - Grain-scale
KW  - Rock
KW  - Rock weather
KW  - Rock weathering
KW  - Spalling
KW  - Stress
KW  - Stress gradient
KW  - Surface weather
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Thermal
KW  - Thermal shock
KW  - Thermal stress fatigue
N1  - Accession Number: 43524561; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: christopher.mckay@nasa.gov; Molaro, Jamie L. 1; Marinova, Margarita M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035, United States; 2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 110 Issue 3/4, p182; Thesaurus Term: THERMAL properties; Thesaurus Term: Deserts; Thesaurus Term: Valleys; Thesaurus Term: Weathering; Subject Term: Rocks; Subject Term: Rock mechanics; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Subject Term: Rocks -- Analysis; Subject Term: Sampling (Process); Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beacon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damping depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dry Valleys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flaking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fryxell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain-scale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock weather; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock weathering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spalling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress gradient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface weather; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal shock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal stress fatigue; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
T1  - Interannual Variability of the Global Radiation Budget.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/09/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 4893
EP  - 4907
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Interannual variability of the global radiation budget, regions that contribute to its variability, and what limits albedo variability are investigated using Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data taken from March 2000 through February 2004. Area-weighted mean top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflected shortwave, longwave, and net irradiance standard deviations computed from monthly anomalies over a 1° × 1° region are 9.6, 7.6, and 7.6 W m-2, respectively. When standard deviations are computed from global monthly anomalies, they drop to 0.5, 0.4, and 0.4 W m-2, respectively. Clouds are mostly responsible for the variation. Regions with a large standard deviation of TOA shortwave and longwave irradiance at TOA are the tropical western and central Pacific, which is caused by shifting from La Niña to El Niño during this period. However, a larger standard deviation of 300–1000-hPa thickness anomalies occurs in the polar region instead of the tropics. The correlation coefficient between atmospheric net irradiance anomalies and 300–1000-hPa thickness anomalies is negative. These indicate that temperature anomalies in the atmosphere are mostly a result of anomalies in longwave and dynamical processes that transport energy poleward, instead of albedo anomalies by clouds directly affecting temperature anomalies in the atmosphere. With simple zonal-mean thermodynamic energy equations it is demonstrated that temperature anomalies decay exponentially with time by longwave emission and by dynamical processes. As a result, the mean meridional temperature gradient is maintained. Therefore, mean meridional circulations are not greatly altered by albedo anomalies on an annual time scale, which in turn provides small interannual variability of the global mean albedo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Global radiation
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Characteristic functions
KW  - Statistical reliability
N1  - Accession Number: 44151014; Kato, Seiji 1; Email Address: seiji.kato@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep2009, Vol. 22 Issue 18, p4893; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Global radiation; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Characteristic functions; Subject Term: Statistical reliability; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stothers, Richard
T1  - ANCIENT METEOROLOGICAL OPTICS.
JO  - Classical Journal
JF  - Classical Journal
Y1  - 2009/10//Oct/Nov2009
VL  - 105
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 42
SN  - 00098353
AB  - The article compares with one another and with modern theories the Presocratic, Peripatetic, Epicurean and Stoic theories which explain the four fundamental phenomena of meteorological optics. It also catalogs renowned instances of these and associated phenomena. Furthermore, it identifies Aristotle's streak, Octavian's halo, Vitellius' antisun and Constantine's and Cyril's crosses.
KW  - Ancient philosophy
KW  - Greek literature
KW  - Epicureans (Greek philosophy)
KW  - Pre-Socratic philosophers
KW  - Peripatetics
KW  - Stoics
N1  - Accession Number: 47433795; Stothers, Richard 1; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration;  Source Info: Oct/Nov2009, Vol. 105 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: Ancient philosophy; Subject Term: Greek literature; Subject Term: Epicureans (Greek philosophy); Subject Term: Pre-Socratic philosophers; Subject Term: Peripatetics; Subject Term: Stoics; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - vth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charland, K. M. L.
AU  - Buckeridge, D. L.
AU  - Sturtevant, J. L.
AU  - Melton, F.
AU  - Reis, B. Y.
AU  - Mandl, K. D.
AU  - Brownstein, J. S.
T1  - Effect of environmental factors on the spatio-temporal patterns of influenza spread.
JO  - Epidemiology & Infection
JF  - Epidemiology & Infection
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 137
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1377
EP  - 1387
SN  - 09502688
AB  - Although spatio-temporal patterns of influenza spread often suggest that environmental factors play a role, their effect on the geographical variation in the timing of annual epidemics has not been assessed. We examined the effect of solar radiation, dew point, temperature and geographical position on the city-specific timing of epidemics in the USA. Using paediatric in-patient data from hospitals in 35 cities for each influenza season in the study period 2000-2005, we determined 'epidemic timing' by identifying the week of peak influenza activity. For each city we calculated averages of daily climate measurements for 1 October to 31 December. Bayesian hierarchical models were used to assess the strength of association between each variable and epidemic timing. Of the climate variables only solar radiation was significantly related to epidemic timing (95% CI —0·027 to —0·0032). Future studies may elucidate biological mechanisms intrinsically linked to solar radiation that contribute to epidemic timing in temperate regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Epidemiology & Infection is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Influenza
KW  - Epidemics
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Dew point
KW  - Pediatrics
KW  - United States
KW  - Climate
KW  - geographical position
KW  - influenza
KW  - meteorological variables
KW  - solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 44057443; Charland, K. M. L. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: Katia.Charland@childrens.harvard.edu; Buckeridge, D. L. 2; Sturtevant, J. L. 1,5; Melton, F. 6,7; Reis, B. Y. 1,3,4; Mandl, K. D. 1,3,4; Brownstein, J. S. 1,3,4; Affiliations: 1: Children's Hospital Informatics Program at the Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, MA, USA; 2: McGill Clinical and Health Informatics (MCHI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3: Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA; 4: Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 5: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; 6: California State University, at Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 137 Issue 10, p1377; Thesaurus Term: Influenza; Thesaurus Term: Epidemics; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Dew point; Subject Term: Pediatrics; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: geographical position; Author-Supplied Keyword: influenza; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorological variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar radiation; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0950268809002283
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cardace, Dawn
AU  - Morris, Julie D.
T1  - Geochemical evidence for sediment accretion in the Costa Rica Frontal Prism.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 37
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 891
EP  - 894
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - We report new geochemical data for marine sediments sampled in the frontal prism associated with the Costa Rica subduction zone during Leg 205 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). We describe variation in sediment geochemistry with depth as the décollement zone, the interface between overriding and downgoing tectonic plates, is approached. This variation can be explained by three-component mixing of ash, lower plate sediments (LPS), and frontal prism or upper plate sediments (UPS). We detect in-mixing of LPS in localized sediment intervals, amounting to tens of vertical meters of LPS incorporation; no persuasive evidence of LPS transfer into the prism has been shown until this contribution. This inference of fi ne structure in the prism provides new insight into how tectonic kneading of sediments occurs in décollement zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Marine sediments
KW  - Plate tectonics
KW  - Drilling platforms
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Structural geology
KW  - Costa Rica
N1  - Accession Number: 44622495; Cardace, Dawn 1; Morris, Julie D. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; 2: Ocean Sciences Division, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 37 Issue 10, p891; Thesaurus Term: Marine sediments; Thesaurus Term: Plate tectonics; Thesaurus Term: Drilling platforms; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Structural geology; Subject: Costa Rica; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336611 Ship Building and Repairing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G25631A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WHITE, MICHAEL A.
AU  - de BEURS, KIRSTEN M.
AU  - DIDAN, KAMEL
AU  - INOUYE, DAVID W.
AU  - RICHARDSON, ANDREW D.
AU  - JENSEN, OLAF P.
AU  - O'KEEFE, JOHN
AU  - GONG ZHANG
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
AU  - van LEEUWEN, WILLEM J. D.
AU  - BROWN, JESSLYN F.
AU  - de WIT, ALLARD
AU  - SCHAEPMAN, MICHAEL
AU  - XIOAMAO LIN
AU  - DETTINGER, MICHAEL
AU  - BAILEY, AMEY S.
AU  - KIMBALL, JOHN
AU  - SCHWARTZ, MARK D.
AU  - BALDOCCHI, DENNIS D.
AU  - LEE, JOHN T.
T1  - Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982–2006.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2335
EP  - 2359
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Shifts in the timing of spring phenology are a central feature of global change research. Long-term observations of plant phenology have been used to track vegetation responses to climate variability but are often limited to particular species and locations and may not represent synoptic patterns. Satellite remote sensing is instead used for continental to global monitoring. Although numerous methods exist to extract phenological timing, in particular start-of-spring (SOS), from time series of reflectance data, a comprehensive intercomparison and interpretation of SOS methods has not been conducted. Here, we assess 10 SOS methods for North America between 1982 and 2006. The techniques include consistent inputs from the 8 km Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer NDVIg dataset, independent data for snow cover, soil thaw, lake ice dynamics, spring streamflow timing, over 16 000 individual measurements of ground-based phenology, and two temperature-driven models of spring phenology. Compared with an ensemble of the 10 SOS methods, we found that individual methods differed in average day-of-year estimates by ±60 days and in standard deviation by ±20 days. The ability of the satellite methods to retrieve SOS estimates was highest in northern latitudes and lowest in arid, tropical, and Mediterranean ecoregions. The ordinal rank of SOS methods varied geographically, as did the relationships between SOS estimates and the cryospheric/hydrologic metrics. Compared with ground observations, SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages. We found no evidence for time trends in spring arrival from ground- or model-based data; using an ensemble estimate from two methods that were more closely related to ground observations than other methods, SOS trends could be detected for only 12% of North America and were divided between trends towards both earlier and later spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Plant phenology
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Species
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Environmental mapping
KW  - Advanced very high resolution radiometers
KW  - Ecological regions
KW  - North America
KW  - bloom
KW  - budburst
KW  - climate change
KW  - flower
KW  - growing season
KW  - land surface phenology
KW  - seasonality
N1  - Accession Number: 44076767; WHITE, MICHAEL A. 1; Email Address: mikew.usu@gmail.com; de BEURS, KIRSTEN M. 2; DIDAN, KAMEL 3; INOUYE, DAVID W. 4; RICHARDSON, ANDREW D. 5; JENSEN, OLAF P. 6; O'KEEFE, JOHN 7; GONG ZHANG 1; NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 8; van LEEUWEN, WILLEM J. D. 9; BROWN, JESSLYN F. 10; de WIT, ALLARD 11; SCHAEPMAN, MICHAEL 11; XIOAMAO LIN 12; DETTINGER, MICHAEL 13; BAILEY, AMEY S. 14; KIMBALL, JOHN 15; SCHWARTZ, MARK D. 16; BALDOCCHI, DENNIS D. 17; LEE, JOHN T. 18; Affiliations: 1: Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; 2: Department of Geography, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; 3: Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 4: Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 5: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 6: Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 7: Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 9: Office of Arid Lands Studies & Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; 10: Land Sciences Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; 11: Centre for Geo-information, Wageningen-UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands; 12: Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT, USA; 13: US Geological Survey, Scripps Institute Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA; 14: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Campton, NH, USA; 15: Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA; 16: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA; 17: Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 18: Environmental Physics Group, University of Maine, Dept. PSE, Orono, ME, USA; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 15 Issue 10, p2335; Thesaurus Term: Phenology; Thesaurus Term: Global environmental change; Thesaurus Term: Plant phenology; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Species; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Environmental mapping; Thesaurus Term: Advanced very high resolution radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Ecological regions; Subject: North America; Author-Supplied Keyword: bloom; Author-Supplied Keyword: budburst; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: flower; Author-Supplied Keyword: growing season; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: seasonality; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wickens, Christopher D.
AU  - Hooey, Becky L.
AU  - Gore, Brian F.
AU  - Sebok, Angelia
AU  - Koenicke, Corey S.
T1  - Identifying Black Swans in NextGen: Predicting Human Performance in Off-Nominal Conditions.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 638
EP  - 651
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - Objective: The objective is to validate a computational model of visual attention against empirical data-derived from a meta-analysis-of pilots' failure to notice safety-critical unexpected events. Background: Many aircraft accidents have resulted, in part, because of failure to notice nonsalient unexpected events outside of foveal vision, illustrating the phenomenon of change blindness. A model of visual noticing, N-SEEV (noticing- salience, expectancy, effort, and value), was developed to predict these failures. Method: First, 25 studies that reported objective data on miss rate for unexpected events in high-fidelity cockpit simulations were identified, and their miss rate data pooled across five variables (phase of flight, event expectancy, event location, presence of a head-up display, and presence of a highway-in-the-sky display). Second, the parameters of the N-SEEV model were tailored to mimic these dichotomies. Results: The N-SEEV model output predicted variance in the obtained miss rate (r = .73). The individual miss rates of all six dichotomous conditions were predicted within 14%, and four of these were predicted within 7%. Conclusion: The N-SEEV model, developed on the basis of an independent data set, was able to successfully predict variance in this safety-critical measure of pilot response to abnormal circumstances, as collected from the literature. Applications: As new technology and procedures are envisioned for the future airspace, it is important to predict if these may compromise safety in terms of pilots' failing to notice unexpected events. Computational models such as N-SEEV support cost-effective means of making such predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Performance technology
KW  - Airplane cockpits
KW  - Compromise (Ethics)
KW  - Predictions
N1  - Accession Number: 47790981; Wickens, Christopher D. 1; Email Address: cwickens@alionscience.com; Hooey, Becky L. 2; Gore, Brian F. 2; Sebok, Angelia 1; Koenicke, Corey S. 1; Affiliations: 1: Alion Science Corporation, Boulder, Colorado; 2: San Jose State University Research Foundation at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p638; Thesaurus Term: Cost effectiveness; Subject Term: Performance technology; Subject Term: Airplane cockpits; Subject Term: Compromise (Ethics); Subject Term: Predictions; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0018720809349709
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, P.C.
AU  - James, P.B.
AU  - Calvin, W.M.
AU  - Haberle, R.
AU  - Malin, M.C.
T1  - Residual south polar cap of Mars: Stratigraphy, history, and implications of recent changes
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 203
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 352
EP  - 375
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The residual south polar cap (RSPC) of Mars includes a group of different depositional units of CO2 ice undergoing a variety of erosional processes. Complete summer coverage of the RSPC by ∼6-m/pixel data of the Context Imager (CTX) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has allowed mapping and inventory of the units in the RSPC. Unit maps and estimated thicknesses indicate the total volume of the RSPC is currently <380km3, and represents less than 3% of the total mass of the current Mars atmosphere. Scarp retreat rates in the CO2 ice derived from comparison of High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) data with earlier images are comparable to those obtained for periods up to 3 Mars years earlier. These rates, combined with sizes of depressions suggest that the oldest materials were deposited more than 125 Mars years ago. Most current erosion is by backwasting of scarps 1–12m in height. This backwasting is initiated by a series of scarp-parallel fractures. In the older, thicker unit these fractures form about every Mars year; in thinner, younger materials they form less frequently. Some areas of the older, thicker unit are lost by downwasting rather than by the scarp retreat. A surprising finding from the HiRISE data is the scarcity of visible layering of RSPC materials, a result quite distinct from previous interpretations of layers in lower resolution images. Layers ∼0.1m thick are exposed on the upper surfaces of some areas, but their timescale of deposition is not known. Late summer albedo changes mapped by the CTX images indicate local recycling of ice, although the amounts may be morphologically insignificant. Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) data show that the primary material of all the different forms of the RSPC is CO2 ice with only small admixtures of water ice and dust. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Electronic surveillance
KW  - Stratigraphic geology
KW  - Spectrum analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Polar regions
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - Climate ( Mars )
KW  - Polar caps ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 44188884; Thomas, P.C. 1; Email Address: pct2@cornell.edu; James, P.B. 2; Calvin, W.M. 3; Haberle, R. 4; Malin, M.C. 5; Affiliations: 1 : Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2 : Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 3 : Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89577, USA; 4 : Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; 5 : Malin Space Science Systems, P.O. Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191, USA;  Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 203 Issue 2, p352; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Electronic surveillance; Subject Term: Stratigraphic geology; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Polar regions; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar caps ( Mars ); Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, Ali H.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Rogers, Raymond R.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Lee, Kam-Pui
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph E.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
T1  - The CALIPSO Automated Aerosol Classification and Lidar Ratio Selection Algorithm.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1994
EP  - 2014
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Descriptions are provided of the aerosol classification algorithms and the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) selection schemes for the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) aerosol products. One year of CALIPSO level 2 version 2 data are analyzed to assess the veracity of the CALIPSO aerosol-type identification algorithm and generate vertically resolved distributions of aerosol types and their respective optical characteristics. To assess the robustness of the algorithm, the interannual variability is analyzed by using a fixed season (June–August) and aerosol type (polluted dust) over two consecutive years (2006 and 2007). The CALIPSO models define six aerosol types: clean continental, clean marine, dust, polluted continental, polluted dust, and smoke, with 532-nm (1064 nm) extinction-to-backscatter ratios Sa of 35 (30), 20 (45), 40 (55), 70 (30), 65 (30), and 70 (40) sr, respectively. This paper presents the global distributions of the CALIPSO aerosol types, the complementary distributions of integrated attenuated backscatter, and the volume depolarization ratio for each type. The aerosol-type distributions are further partitioned according to surface type (land/ocean) and detection resolution (5, 20, and 80 km) for optical and spatial context, because the optically thick layers are found most often at the smallest spatial resolution. Except for clean marine and polluted continental, all the aerosol types are found preferentially at the 80-km resolution. Nearly 80% of the smoke cases and 60% of the polluted dust cases are found over water, whereas dust and polluted continental cases are found over both land and water at comparable frequencies. Because the CALIPSO observables do not sufficiently constrain the determination of the aerosol, the surface type is used to augment the selection criteria. Distributions of the total attenuated color ratios show that the use of surface type in the typing algorithm does not result in abrupt and artificial changes in aerosol type or extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Climatic changes -- Detection
KW  - Optical radar in atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Backscattering
N1  - Accession Number: 44539803; Omar, Ali H. 1,2; Email Address: ali.h.omar@nasa.gov; Winker, David M. 1; Kittaka, Chieko 3; Vaughan, Mark A. 1; Liu, Zhaoyan 4; Hu, Yongxiang 1; Trepte, Charles R. 1; Rogers, Raymond R. 3; Ferrare, Richard A. 1; Lee, Kam-Pui 1; Kuehn, Ralph E. 3; Hostetler, Chris A. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Corresponding author address: Ali H. Omar, NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681.; 3: Science Systems and Applications International, Hampton, Virginia; 4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 26 Issue 10, p1994; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Detection; Subject Term: Optical radar in atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Backscattering; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Powell, Kathleen A.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph E.
AU  - Hunt, William H.
AU  - Lee, Kam-Pui
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Rogers, Raymond R.
AU  - Young, Stuart A.
AU  - Winker, David M.
T1  - CALIPSO Lidar Calibration Algorithms. Part I: Nighttime 532-nm Parallel Channel and 532-nm Perpendicular Channel.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2015
EP  - 2033
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission was launched in April 2006 and has continuously acquired collocated multisensor observations of the spatial and optical properties of clouds and aerosols in the earth’s atmosphere. The primary payload aboard CALIPSO is the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), which makes range-resolved measurements of elastic backscatter at 532 and 1064 nm and linear depolarization ratios at 532 nm. CALIOP measurements are important in reducing uncertainties that currently limit understanding of the global climate system, and it is essential that these measurements be accurately calibrated. This work describes the procedures used to calibrate the 532-nm measurements acquired during the nighttime portions of the CALIPSO orbits. Accurate nighttime calibration of the 532-nm parallel-channel data is fundamental to the success of the CALIOP measurement scheme, because the nighttime calibration is used to infer calibration across the day side of the orbits and all other channels are calibrated relative to the 532-nm parallel channel. The theoretical basis of the molecular normalization technique as applied to space-based lidar measurements is reviewed, and a comprehensive overview of the calibration algorithm implementation is provided. Also included is a description of a data filtering procedure that detects and removes spurious high-energy events that would otherwise introduce large errors into the calibration. Error estimates are derived and comparisons are made to validation data acquired by the NASA airborne high–spectral resolution lidar. Similar analyses are also presented for the 532-nm perpendicular-channel calibration technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Backscattering
N1  - Accession Number: 44539801; Powell, Kathleen A. 1,2; Email Address: kathleen.a.powell@nasa.gov; Hostetler, Chris A. 1; Liu, Zhaoyan 3; Vaughan, Mark A. 1; Kuehn, Ralph E. 4; Hunt, William H. 4; Lee, Kam-Pui 1; Trepte, Charles R. 1; Rogers, Raymond R. 1; Young, Stuart A. 5; Winker, David M. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Corresponding author address: Kathleen A. Powell, MS 475, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.; 3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 5: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 26 Issue 10, p2015; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Calibration; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Backscattering; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Powell, Kathleen A.
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph E.
AU  - Young, Stuart A.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Hunt, William H.
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - McGill, Matthew J.
AU  - Getzewich, Brian J.
T1  - Fully Automated Detection of Cloud and Aerosol Layers in the CALIPSO Lidar Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2034
EP  - 2050
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Accurate knowledge of the vertical and horizontal extent of clouds and aerosols in the earth’s atmosphere is critical in assessing the planet’s radiation budget and for advancing human understanding of climate change issues. To retrieve this fundamental information from the elastic backscatter lidar data acquired during the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission, a selective, iterated boundary location (SIBYL) algorithm has been developed and deployed. SIBYL accomplishes its goals by integrating an adaptive context-sensitive profile scanner into an iterated multiresolution spatial averaging scheme. This paper provides an in-depth overview of the architecture and performance of the SIBYL algorithm. It begins with a brief review of the theory of target detection in noise-contaminated signals, and an enumeration of the practical constraints levied on the retrieval scheme by the design of the lidar hardware, the geometry of a space-based remote sensing platform, and the spatial variability of the measurement targets. Detailed descriptions are then provided for both the adaptive threshold algorithm used to detect features of interest within individual lidar profiles and the fully automated multiresolution averaging engine within which this profile scanner functions. The resulting fusion of profile scanner and averaging engine is specifically designed to optimize the trade-offs between the widely varying signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements and the disparate spatial resolutions of the detection targets. Throughout the paper, specific algorithm performance details are illustrated using examples drawn from the existing CALIPSO dataset. Overall performance is established by comparisons to existing layer height distributions obtained by other airborne and space-based lidars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Spatial variation
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Optical radar in atmospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 44539804; Vaughan, Mark A. 1,2; Email Address: mark.a.vaughan@nasa.gov; Powell, Kathleen A. 1; Kuehn, Ralph E. 3; Young, Stuart A. 4; Winker, David M. 1; Hostetler, Chris A. 1; Hunt, William H. 3; Liu, Zhaoyan 5; McGill, Matthew J. 6; Getzewich, Brian J. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Mail Stop 475, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199.; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 4: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia; 5: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 26 Issue 10, p2034; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Spatial variation; Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Optical radar in atmospheric chemistry; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - How Strategic Is the Central Bottleneck: Can It Be Overcome by Trying Harder?
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1368
EP  - 1384
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Recent dual-task studies suggest that a bottleneck prevents central mental operations from working on more than one task at a time, especially at relatively low practice levels. It remains highly controversial, however, whether this bottleneck is structural (inherent to human cognitive architecture) or merely a strategic choice. If the strategic hypothesis is testable, it ought to predict that, under sufficiently strong incentives, people could choose to bypass the bottleneck and perform both tasks in parallel. Because the incentives for parallel processing in previous studies have been modest, the authors introduced a novel dual-task paradigm with much greater incentives, induced by strict time deadlines for each task. With this paradigm, bottleneck delays would cause participants to frequently miss the time deadline or make errors, triggering immediate negative consequences (failure feedback). Nevertheless, participants had little success performing central operations in parallel; severe dual-task performance costs were observed, even with relatively easy tasks. These results greatly strengthen the case that the central bottleneck reflects a structural limitation that, at least at modest practice levels, cannot be avoided merely by trying harder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - CHOICE (Psychology)
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
KW  - PROTOCOL analysis (Cognition)
KW  - INDIVIDUALS' preferences
N1  - Accession Number: 74756308; Ruthruff, Eric 1; Email Address: ruthruff@unm.edu; Johnston, James C. 2; Remington, Roger W. 3; Affiliations: 1: University of New Mexico; 2: NASA Ames Research Center; 3: The University of Queensland; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p1368; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: CHOICE (Psychology); Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Subject Term: PROTOCOL analysis (Cognition); Subject Term: INDIVIDUALS' preferences; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/a0015784
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palumbo, Dan
T1  - Estimating sound power radiated from rectangular baffled panels using a radiation factor.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 126
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1827
EP  - 1837
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A method is introduced which is shown to predict radiated sound power from rectangular baffled panels. The method employs a filtered wavenumber transform to extract the power in the supersonic wavenumbers on the panel and a radiation factor to scale the supersonic power to match the actual radiated sound power. Although empirically derived, the radiation factor is shown to be related to the radiation efficiency of an infinite panel. The radiation factor is simple, depending only on the ratio of the wavenumbers of the panel to the radiation medium, and the method is straightforward to use, requiring only the panel normal velocities. The computation is efficient, as much as two orders of magnitude faster than a Rayleigh integration, thus providing a means of combining sound power predictions with finite element optimizations. A formula is derived which predicts the lowest frequency for which the method is valid as a function of the bin width of the wavenumber transform. The radiation factor method is shown to produce radiated sound power estimates which favorably compare to estimates derived from intensity measurements of physical test specimens and to Rayleigh integral estimates computed using both simulated and measured velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUNDS
KW  - VOCAL tract
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - AUDITORY adaptation
KW  - HEARING
N1  - Accession Number: 44483689; Palumbo, Dan 1; Email Address: d.l.palumbo@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Langley Research Center, MS 463, Hampton, Virginia 23681;  Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 126 Issue 4, p1827; Subject Term: SOUNDS; Subject Term: VOCAL tract; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: AUDITORY adaptation; Subject Term: HEARING; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.3203930
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mah&AN=44483689&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Azúa-Bustos, A.
AU  - González-Silva, C.
AU  - Mancilla, R. A.
AU  - Salas, L.
AU  - Palma, R. E.
AU  - Wynne, J. J.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Vicuña, R.
T1  - Ancient Photosynthetic Eukaryote Biofilms in an Atacama Desert Coastal Cave.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 485
EP  - 496
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00953628
AB  - Caves offer a stable and protected environment from harsh and changing outside prevailing conditions. Hence, they represent an interesting habitat for studying life in extreme environments. Here, we report the presence of a member of the ancient eukaryote red algae Cyanidium group in a coastal cave of the hyperarid Atacama Desert. This microorganism was found to form a seemingly monospecific biofilm growing under extremely low photon flux levels. Our work suggests that this species, Cyanidium sp. Atacama, is a new member of a recently proposed novel monophyletic lineage of mesophilic “cave” Cyanidium sp., distinct from the remaining three other lineages which are all thermo-acidophilic. The cave described in this work may represent an evolutionary island for life in the midst of the Atacama Desert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Red algae
KW  - Cyanidium
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Caves
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
N1  - Accession Number: 44206728; Azúa-Bustos, A. 1,2; Email Address: ajazua@uc.cl; González-Silva, C. 3; Mancilla, R. A. 1; Salas, L. 1; Palma, R. E. 4; Wynne, J. J. 5; McKay, C. P. 6; Vicuña, R. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile; 2: Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Santiago, Chile; 3: Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceúticas, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile; 4: Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; 5: USGS, Southwest Biological Science Center, and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA; 6: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p485; Thesaurus Term: Habitat (Ecology); Thesaurus Term: Red algae; Thesaurus Term: Cyanidium; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Caves; Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-009-9500-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=44206728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Courty, Pierre-Emmanuel
T1  - Saprotrophic capabilities as functional traits to study functional diversity and resilience of ectomycorrhizal community.
JO  - Oecologia
JF  - Oecologia
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 161
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 661
EP  - 664
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00298549
AB  - In an accompanying editorial Dr Petr Baldrian made a case casting doubt on our recent work addressing the saprophytic potential of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. Dr Baldrian’s statements illustrate a very valid truth: the book is still very much open on this subject. The point he raised that the only logical reason for these fungi to be responding to high carbon demand or decreased host photosynthetic capacity by up-regulating enzymes is for the purpose of carbon acquisition is valid as well. Despite this, he makes the case that there is no compelling evidence that EM fungi exhibit saprophytic activity. The concept central to Dr Baldrian’s conclusion is that even though some EM fungi possess the genes necessary for saprophytic behaviour and may even express these genes, EM fungi do not inhabit a position in the soil column that provides access to usable substrate. In this paper we present both previously published and newly obtained data that demonstrate that this assumption is erroneous, and we present arguments that place the saprophytic potential of EM fungi within a broad ecological context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oecologia is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fungi
KW  - Saprophytism
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Ectomycorrhizal fungi
KW  - Ectomycorrhizas
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Ecosystem function
KW  - Ectomycorrhizae
KW  - Saprophytic
N1  - Accession Number: 44190691; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: cullings1@earthlink.net; Courty, Pierre-Emmanuel 2; Email Address: pierre.courty@unibas.ch; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, MoVett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: Botanical Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 161 Issue 4, p661; Thesaurus Term: Fungi; Thesaurus Term: Saprophytism; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Subject Term: Ectomycorrhizal fungi; Subject Term: Ectomycorrhizas; Subject Term: Enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhizae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saprophytic; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00442-009-1434-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2009-18254-003
AN  - 2009-18254-003
AU  - Howes, Andrew
AU  - Lewis, Richard L.
AU  - Vera, Alonso
T1  - Rational adaptation under task and processing constraints: Implications for testing theories of cognition and action.
JF  - Psychological Review
JO  - Psychological Review
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 116
IS  - 4
SP  - 717
EP  - 751
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0033-295X
SN  - 1939-1471
AD  - Howes, Andrew, Manchester Business School, MBS East, University of Manchester, Booth Street West, Manchester, United Kingdom, M15 6PB
N1  - Accession Number: 2009-18254-003. PMID: 19839682 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Howes, Andrew; Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom. Other Publishers: Macmillan & Company; Psychological Review Company; The Macmillan Company; The Review Publishing Company. Release Date: 20091019. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Adaptive Behavior; Adjustment; Cognition; Cognitive Processes; Dual Task Performance. Minor Descriptor: Signal Detection (Perception); Theories. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340). Population: Human (10). References Available: Y. Page Count: 35. Issue Publication Date: Oct, 2009. Publication History: Accepted Date: Jun 30, 2009; Revised Date: Jun 29, 2009; First Submitted Date: Sep 1, 2007. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2009. 
AB  - The authors assume that individuals adapt rationally to a utility function given constraints imposed by their cognitive architecture and the local task environment. This assumption underlies a new approach to modeling and understanding cognition—cognitively bounded rational analysis—that sharpens the predictive acuity of general, integrated theories of cognition and action. Such theories provide the necessary computational means to explain the flexible nature of human behavior but in doing so introduce extreme degrees of freedom in accounting for data. The new approach narrows the space of predicted behaviors through analysis of the payoff achieved by alternative strategies, rather than through fitting strategies and theoretical parameters to data. It extends and complements established approaches, including computational cognitive architectures, rational analysis, optimal motor control, bounded rationality, and signal detection theory. The authors illustrate the approach with a reanalysis of an existing account of psychological refractory period (PRP) dual-task performance and the development and analysis of a new theory of ordered dual-task responses. These analyses yield several novel results, including a new understanding of the role of strategic variation in existing accounts of PRP and the first predictive, quantitative account showing how the details of ordered dual-task phenomena emerge from the rational control of a cognitive system subject to the combined constraints of internal variance, motor interference, and a response selection bottleneck. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - rational adaptation
KW  - bounded optimality
KW  - cognitive architecture
KW  - theory comparison
KW  - response ordering
KW  - dual task
KW  - cognition
KW  - 2009
KW  - Adaptive Behavior
KW  - Adjustment
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cognitive Processes
KW  - Dual Task Performance
KW  - Signal Detection (Perception)
KW  - Theories
U1  - Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Aviation Operations Safety Program, Intelligent Systems Program. Recipients: No recipient indicated
U1  - Sponsor: Office of Naval Research. Recipients: No recipient indicated
DO  - 10.1037/a0017187
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UR  - Andrew.Howes@mbs.ac.uk
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper, George
AU  - Sant, Minakshi
AU  - Asiyo, Cynthia
T1  - Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry resolution of sugar acid enantiomers on a permethylated β-cyclodextrin stationary phase
JO  - Journal of Chromatography A
JF  - Journal of Chromatography A
Y1  - 2009/10/02/
VL  - 1216
IS  - 40
M3  - Article
SP  - 6838
EP  - 6843
SN  - 00219673
AB  - Analysis of compounds in meteorites revealed a need to simultaneously characterize multiple enantiomers of sugar acids (aldonic acids) present in trace amounts. Analyses by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry demonstrated that all but two of the three-carbon through six-carbon straight-chained sugar acid enantiomer pairs could be resolved using a single derivatization procedure and one set of GC parameters. Compounds were analyzed as their ethyl ester/O-triflouroacetyl, isopropyl ester/O-triflouroacetyl and isopropyl ester/O-pentafluoropropionyl derivatives on a capillary column containing permethylated β-cyclodextrin (Chirasil-Dex CB) as the stationary phase. Characteristic mass fragments are related to the ester groups while several ions are also common to derivatized monosaccharides. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chromatography A is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
KW  - Resolution (Chemistry)
KW  - Cyclodextrins
KW  - Carboxylic acids
KW  - Sugars
KW  - Enantiomers
KW  - Methylation
KW  - Stationary phase (Chromatography)
KW  - Monosaccharides
KW  - Aldonic acid
KW  - Chiralsil-Dex CB
KW  - Cyclodextrin
KW  - Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
KW  - Sugar acid
N1  - Accession Number: 44177580; Cooper, George; Email Address: gcooper@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Sant, Minakshi 1; Asiyo, Cynthia 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 1216 Issue 40, p6838; Thesaurus Term: Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Subject Term: Resolution (Chemistry); Subject Term: Cyclodextrins; Subject Term: Carboxylic acids; Subject Term: Sugars; Subject Term: Enantiomers; Subject Term: Methylation; Subject Term: Stationary phase (Chromatography); Subject Term: Monosaccharides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aldonic acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chiralsil-Dex CB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyclodextrin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sugar acid; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.073
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - La Duc, Myron T.
AU  - Osman, Shariff
AU  - Vaishampayan, Parag
AU  - Piceno, Yvette
AU  - Andersen, Gary
AU  - Spry, J. A.
AU  - Venkateswaranh, Kasthuri
T1  - Comprehensive Census of Bacteria in Clean Rooms by Using DNA Microarray and Cloning Methods.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/10/15/
VL  - 75
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 6559
EP  - 6567
SN  - 00992240
AB  - A census of clean room surface-associated bacterial populations was derived from the results of both the cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and DNA microarray (PhyloChip) analyses. Samples from the Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Multiple Testing Facility (LMA-MTF), the Kennedy Space Center Payload Hazard and Servicing Facility (KSC-PHSF), and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Spacecraft Assembly Facility (JPL-SAF) clean rooms were collected during the various assembly phases of the Phoenix and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) spacecraft. Clone library-derived analyses detected a larger bacterial diversity prior to the arrival of spacecraft hardware in these clean room facilities. PhyloChip results were in agreement with this trend but also unveiled the presence of anywhere from 9- to 70-fold more bacterial taxa than cloning approaches. Among the facilities sampled, the JPL-SAF (MSL mission) housed a significantly less diverse bacterial population than either the LMA-MTF or KSC-PHSF (Phoenix mission). Bacterial taxa known to thrive in arid conditions were frequently detected in MSL-associated JPL-SAF samples, whereas proteobacterial lineages dominated Phoenix-associated KSC-PHSF samples. Comprehensive bacterial censuses, such as that reported here, will help space-faring nations preemptively identify contaminant biomatter that may compromise extraterrestrial life detection experiments. The robust nature and high sensitivity of DNA microarray technologies should prove beneficial to a wide range of scientific, electronic, homeland security, medical, and pharmaceutical applications and to any other ventures with a vested interest in monitoring and controlling contamination in exceptionally clean environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - Bacterial diversity
KW  - Clean rooms
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - Cloning
KW  - Census
KW  - Microbial contamination -- Prevention
KW  - Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems (Company)
KW  - John F. Kennedy Space Center
KW  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 47178224; La Duc, Myron T. 1; Osman, Shariff 2; Vaishampayan, Parag 1; Piceno, Yvette 2; Andersen, Gary 2; Spry, J. A. 1; Venkateswaranh, Kasthuri 1; Email Address: kjvenkat@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; 2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 857212; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 75 Issue 20, p6559; Thesaurus Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial diversity; Subject Term: Clean rooms; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: Cloning; Subject Term: Census; Subject Term: Microbial contamination -- Prevention ; Company/Entity: Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems (Company) ; Company/Entity: John F. Kennedy Space Center ; Company/Entity: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.01073-09
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fike, David A.
AU  - Finke, Niko
AU  - Zha, Jessica
AU  - Blake, Garrett
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
T1  - The effect of sulfate concentration on (sub)millimeter-scale sulfide δ34S in hypersaline cyanobacterial mats over the diurnal cycle
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2009/10/15/
VL  - 73
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 6187
EP  - 6204
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Substantial isotopic fractionations are associated with many microbial sulfur metabolisms and measurements of the bulk δ34S isotopic composition of sulfur species (predominantly sulfates and/or sulfides) have been a key component in developing our understanding of both modern and ancient biogeochemical cycling. However, the interpretations of bulk δ34S measurements are often non-unique, making reconstructions of paleoenvironmental conditions or microbial ecology challenging. In particular, the link between the μm-scale microbial activity that generates isotopic signatures and their eventual preservation as a bulk rock value in the geologic record has remained elusive, in large part because of the difficulty of extracting sufficient material at small scales. Here we investigate the potential for small-scale (∼100μm–1cm) δ34S variability to provide additional constraints for environmental and/or ecological reconstructions. We have investigated the impact of sulfate concentrations (0.2, 1, and 80mM SO4) on the δ34S composition of hydrogen sulfide produced over the diurnal (day/night) cycle in cyanobacterial mats from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Sulfide was captured as silver sulfide on the surface of a 2.5cm metallic silver disk partially submerged beneath the mat surface. Subsequent analyses were conducted on a Cameca 7f-GEO secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) to record spatial δ34S variability within the mats under different environmental conditions. Isotope measurements were made in a 2-dimensional grid for each incubation, documenting both lateral and vertical isotopic variation within the mats. Typical grids consisted of ∼400–800 individual measurements covering a lateral distance of ∼1mm and a vertical depth of ∼5–15mm. There is a large isotopic enrichment (∼10–20‰) in the uppermost mm of sulfide in those mats where [SO4] was non-limiting (field and lab incubations at 80mM). This is attributed to rapid recycling of sulfur (elevated sulfate reduction rates and extensive sulfide oxidation) at and above the chemocline. This isotopic gradient is observed in both day and night enrichments and suggests that, despite the close physical association between cyanobacteria and select sulfate-reducing bacteria, photosynthetic forcing has no substantive impact on δ34S in these cyanobacterial mats. Perhaps equally surprising, large, spatially-coherent δ34S oscillations (∼20–30‰ over 1mm) occurred at depths up to ∼1.5cm below the mat surface. These gradients must arise in situ from differential microbial metabolic activity and fractionation during sulfide production at depth. Sulfate concentrations were the dominant control on the spatial variability of sulfide δ34S. Decreased sulfate concentrations diminished both vertical and lateral δ34S variability, suggesting that small-scale variations of δ34S can be diagnostic for reconstructing past sulfate concentrations, even when original sulfate δ34S is unknown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Sulfides
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Hydrogen sulfide
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles
KW  - Metabolism
KW  - Sulfur isotopes
KW  - Baja California (Mexico : Peninsula)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 44178358; Fike, David A. 1,2; Email Address: dfike@levee.wustl.edu; Finke, Niko 3,4; Zha, Jessica 5; Blake, Garrett 6; Hoehler, Tori M. 3; Orphan, Victoria J. 1; Email Address: vorphan@gps.caltech.edu; Affiliations: 1: Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; 2: Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 4: Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark; 5: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States; 6: Pitzer College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 73 Issue 20, p6187; Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Thesaurus Term: Sulfides; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen sulfide; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemical cycles; Subject Term: Metabolism; Subject Term: Sulfur isotopes; Subject: Baja California (Mexico : Peninsula); Subject: Mexico; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HUAGUO HUANG
AU  - MIN CHEN
AU  - QINHUO LIU
AU  - QIANG LIU
AU  - YANG ZHANG
AU  - LIQIONG ZHAO
AU  - WENHAN QIN
T1  - A realistic structure model for large-scale surface leaving radiance simulation of forest canopy and accuracy assessment.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/10/20/
VL  - 30
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 5421
EP  - 5439
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The radiosity-graphics model (RGM) is an important branch of computer simulation modelling for the vegetation bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). As the radiosity method is based on a global solving technique, the RGM can only deal with limited numbers of polygons, and has only been used for small-scale flat terrain scenes. However, the land surface is generally rugged, so it is necessary to extend the RGM to simulate the surface leaving radiance of the forest canopy at a large scale with complex topography. The methodology adopted in this paper is: (1) virtual forest scene generation combined with a digital elevation model; (2) scene division method, shadowing effect correction and multiple scattering calculation; (3) merging the simulated sub-scene bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs) to get the whole-scene BRF. The paper compares this new method with other models by choosing a large-scale conifer forest scene with a GAUSS terrain from RAMI3 (http://rami-benchmark.jrc.it). Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) data are used to validate the extended RGM in a Picea crassifolia forest area at a satellite pixel scale in the field campaign in Gansu Province, China. The root mean square error and correlation coefficient between the simulated BRF and the MISR BRF are 0.018 and 0.98, respectively. The uncertainty and error sources of the large-scale RGM model are thoroughly analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forest canopies
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Digital image processing
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Reflectance
KW  - Virtual reality
KW  - Spectrophotometers
KW  - Distribution (Probability theory)
N1  - Accession Number: 44398104; HUAGUO HUANG 1,2; MIN CHEN 2,3; QINHUO LIU 2; Email Address: qhliu@irsa.ac.cn; QIANG LIU 2; YANG ZHANG 2; LIQIONG ZHAO 1; WENHAN QIN 2,4; Affiliations: 1: Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.; 2: State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, 100101, Beijing, People's Republic of China.; 3: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.; Issue Info: Oct2009, Vol. 30 Issue 20, p5421; Thesaurus Term: Forest canopies; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Digital image processing; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Reflectance; Subject Term: Virtual reality; Subject Term: Spectrophotometers; Subject Term: Distribution (Probability theory); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160903130911
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Livingston, J.
AU  - Russell, P.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Clarke, A.
AU  - Johnson, R.
AU  - Levy, R.
T1  - Testing aerosol properties in MODIS Collection 4 and 5 using airborne sunphotometer observations in INTEX-B/MILAGRO.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 9
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 8159
EP  - 8172
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS) was operated on a Jetstream 31 (J31) aircraft in March 2006 during MILAGRO/INTEX-B (Megacity Initiative-Local And Global Research Observations/Phase B of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment). We compare AATS retrievals of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD) and related aerosol properties with corresponding spatially coincident and temporally near-coincident measurements acquired by the MODIS-Aqua and MODIS-Terra satellite sensors. These comparisons are carried out for the older MODIS Collection 4 (C4) and the new Collection 5 (C5) data set, the latter representing a reprocessing of the entire MODIS data set completed during 2006 with updated calibration and aerosol retrieval algorithm. Our analysis yields a direct, validated assessment of the differences between select MODIS C4 and C5 aerosol retrievals. Our analyses of 37 coincident observations by AATS and MODIS-Terra and 18 coincident observations between AATS and MODIS-Aqua indicate notable differences between MODIS C4 and C5 and between the two sensors. For MODIS-Terra, we find an average increase in AOD of 0.02 at 553 nm and 0.01 or less at the shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelengths. The change from C4 to C5 results in less good agreement with the AATS derived spectral AOD, with average differences at 553 nm increasing from 0.03 to 0.05. For MODIS-Aqua, we find an average increase in AOD of 0.008 at 553 nm, but an increase of nearly 0.02 at the SWIR wavelengths. The change from C4 to C5 results in slightly less good agreement to the AATS derived visible AOD, with average differences at 553 nm increasing from 0.03 to 0.04. However, at SWIR wavelengths, the changes from C4 to C5 result in improved agreement between MODIS-Aqua and AATS, with the average differences at 2119 nm decreasing from -0.02 to -0.003. Comparing the Angstrom exponents calculated from AOD at 553nm and 855nm, we find an increased rms difference from AATS derived Angstrom exponents in going from C4 to C5 for MODIS-Terra, and a decrease in rms difference, hence an improvement, for the transition from C4 to C5 in MODIS-Aqua. Combining the AATS retrievals with in situ measurements of size-dependent aerosol extinction, we derive a suborbital measure of the aerosol submicron fraction (SMF) of AOD and compare it to MODIS retrievals of aerosol fine mode fraction (FMF). Our analysis shows a significant rms-difference between the MODIS-Terra FMF and suborbitally-derived SMF of 0.17 for both C4 and C5. For MODIS-Aqua, there is a slight improvement in the transition from C4 to C5, with the rms-difference from AATS dropping from 0.23 to 0.16. The differences in MODIS C4 and C5 AOD in this limited data set can be traced to changes in the reflectances input to the aerosol retrievals. An extension of the C4-C5 comparisons from the area along the J31 flight track to a larger study region between 18-23° N and 93-100°W on each of the J31 flight days supports the finding of significant differences between MODIS C4 and C5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Ultraviolet photometry
KW  - Jetstream (Turboprop transport)
KW  - Artificial satellite tracking
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - United States
KW  - Ames Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 45525833; Redemann, J. 1; Email Address: jens.redemann-1@nasa.gov; Zhang, Q. 1; Livingston, J. 2; Russell, P. 3; Shinozuka, Y. 4; Clarke, A. 5; Johnson, R. 3; Levy, R. 6; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 2: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: ORAU/ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; 6: SSAI/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 21, p8159; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Ultraviolet photometry; Subject Term: Jetstream (Turboprop transport); Subject Term: Artificial satellite tracking; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: Ames Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Bertram, T. H.
AU  - Farmer, D. K.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Fuelberg, H.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Sachse, G.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - Alkyl nitrate production and persistence in the Mexico City Plume.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 23755
EP  - 23790
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (ΣANs) have been observed to be a significant fraction of NOy in a number of different chemical regimes. Their formation is an important free radical chain termination step ending production of ozone and possibly affecting formation of secondary organic aerosol. ΣANs also represent a potentially large, unmeasured contribution to OH reactivity and are a major pathway for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere. Numerous studies have investigated the role of nitrate formation from biogenic compounds. Less attention has been paid to the role ΣANs may play in the complex mixtures of hydrocarbons typical of urban settings. Measurements of ΣANs, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), HNO3 and a wide suite of hydrocarbons were obtained from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during spring of 2006 in and around Mexico City and the Gulf of Mexico. ΣANs were observed to be 10- 20% of NOy in the Mexico City plume and to increase in importance with increased photochemical age. We describe three conclusions: 1) Correlations of ΣANs with odd oxygen (Ox) indicate a stronger role for ΣANs in the photochemistry of Mexico City than is expected based on currently accepted photochemical mechanisms, 2) ΣAN formation suppresses peak ozone production rates by as much as 30% in the near-field of Mexico City and 3) ΣANs play a comparable role to ΣPNs in the export of NOy to the Gulf Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Mexico, Gulf of
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 47179454; Perring, A. E. 1,2; Email Address: anne.perring@noaa.gov; Bertram, T. H. 3; Farmer, D. K. 2; Wooldridge, P. J. 4; Dibb, J. 5; Blake, N. J. 6; Blake, D. R. 6; Singh, H. B. 7; Fuelberg, H. 8; Diskin, G. 9; Sachse, G. 9; Cohen, R. C. 4,10; Affiliations: 1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA.; 2: University of Colorado, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA.; 3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.; 4: Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.; 5: Climate Change Research Institute, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA.; 6: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; 8: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.; 10: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p23755; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Subject: Mexico, Gulf of; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 36p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Millet, D. B.
AU  - Guenther, A.
AU  - Siegel, D. A.
AU  - Nelson, N. B.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - de Gouw, J. A.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Williams, J.
AU  - Eerdekens, G.
AU  - Sinha, V.
AU  - Karl, T.
AU  - Flocke, F.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Riemer, D. D.
AU  - Palmer, P. I.
AU  - Barkley, M.
T1  - Global atmospheric budget of acetaldehyde: 3-D model analysis and constraints from in-situ and satellite observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 24225
EP  - 24279
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We construct a global atmospheric budget for acetaldehyde using a 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem), and use an ensemble of observations to evaluate present understanding of its sources and sinks. Hydrocarbon oxidation provides the largest acetaldehyde source in the model (130 Tg a-1), with alkanes, alkenes, ethanol, and isoprene the main precursors. We use an updated chemical mechanism for GEOS-Chem, and photochemical acetaldehyde yields are consistent with the Master Chemical Mechanism. We apply SeaWiFS satellite observations to define the global distribution of light absorption due to marine dissolved organic matter (DOM), and estimate the corresponding sea-to-air acetaldehyde flux based on measured photoproduction rates from DOM. The resulting net ocean emission is 58 Tg a-1, the second largest global source of acetaldehyde. Quantitative model evaluation over the ocean is complicated by known measurement artifacts in clean air. Simulated concentrations in surface air over the ocean generally agree well with aircraft measurements, though the model tends to overestimate the vertical gradient. PAN:NOx ratios are well-simulated in the marine boundary layer, providing some support for the modeled ocean source. A key uncertainty is the acetaldehyde turnover time in the ocean mixed layer. We introduce the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1) for acetaldehyde and ethanol and use it to quantify their net flux from living terrestrial plants. Including emissions from decaying plants the total direct acetaldehyde source from the land biosphere is 22 Tg a-1. Other terrestrial acetaldehyde sources include biomass burning (3 Tg a-1) and anthropogenic emissions (2 Tg a-1). Simulated concentrations in the continental boundary layer are generally unbiased and capture the spatial gradients seen in observations over North America, Europe, and tropical South America. However, the model underestimates acetaldehyde levels in urban outflow, suggesting a missing source in polluted air. Ubiquitous high measured concentrations in the free troposphere are not captured by the model, and based on present understanding are not consistent with concurrent measurements of PAN and NOx. We find no compelling evidence for a widespread missing acetaldehyde source in the free troposphere. We estimate the current US source of ethanol and acetaldehyde (primary+secondary) at 1.3 Tg a-1 and 7.0 Tg a-1, approximately 60% and 400% of the corresponding increases expected for a national transition from gasoline to ethanol fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Acetaldehyde
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Seawater -- Organic compound content
KW  - Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 47179466; Millet, D. B. 1; Email Address: dbm@umn.edu; Guenther, A. 2; Siegel, D. A. 3; Nelson, N. B. 3; Singh, H. B. 4; de Gouw, J. A. 5; Warneke, C. 5; Williams, J. 6; Eerdekens, G. 6; Sinha, V. 6; Karl, T. 2; Flocke, F. 2; Apel, E. 2; Riemer, D. D. 7; Palmer, P. I. 8; Barkley, M. 8; Affiliations: 1: University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.; 2: NCAR, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 3: UC Santa Barbara, Institute for Computational Earth System Science, Santa Barbara, California, USA.; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; 5: NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 6: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany.; 7: University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, USA.; 8: University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, Edinburgh, UK.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p24225; Thesaurus Term: Acetaldehyde; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Seawater -- Organic compound content; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 55p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairlie, T. D.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Alexander, B.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - van Donkelaar, A.
AU  - Zhang, L.
T1  - Impact of mineral dust on nitrate, sulfate, and ozone in transpacific Asian pollution plumes.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 24477
EP  - 24510
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We use a 3-d global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret aircraft observations of nitrate and sulfate partitioning in transpacific dust plumes during the INTEXB campaign of April-May 2006. The model includes explicit transport of size-resolved mineral dust and its alkalinity, nitrate, and sulfate content. The observations show that particulate nitrate is primarily associated with dust, sulfate is primarily associated with ammonium, and Asian dust remains alkaline across the Pacific. This can be reproduced in the model by using a reactive uptake coefficient for HNO3 on dust (γ(HNO3) ∼10-3) much lower than commonly assumed in models and likely reflecting limitation of uptake by dust dissolution. The model overestimates gas-phase HNO3 by a factor of 2-3, typical of previous model studies; we show that this cannot be corrected by uptake on dust. We find that the fraction of aerosol nitrate on dust in the model increases from ∼30% in fresh Asian outflow to 80-90% over the Northeast Pacific, reflecting in part the volatilization of ammonium nitrate and the resulting transfer of nitrate to the dust. Consumption of dust alkalinity by uptake of acid gases in the model is slow relative to the lifetime of dust against deposition, so that dust in general does not acidify. This argues against the hypothesis that dust iron released by acidification could become bio-available upon dust deposition. Observations in INTEX-B show no detectable ozone depletion in Asian dust plumes, consistent with the model. Uptake of HNO3 by dust, suppressing its recycling to NOx, reduces Asian pollution influence on US surface ozone in the model by 10-15% or up to 1 ppb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Nitrate minerals
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Acidification
KW  - Ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 47179472; Fairlie, T. D. 1,2; Email Address: t.d.fairlie@nasa.gov; Jacob, D. J. 2,3; Dibb, J. E. 4; Alexander, B. 5; Avery, M. A. 1; van Donkelaar, A. 6; Zhang, L. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA.; 2: Dept. Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.; 3: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.; 4: Climate Change Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.; 5: Dept. Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.; 6: Dept. Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p24477; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Nitrate minerals; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Acidification; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Chambers, L.
AU  - Stackhouse, Jr., P.
AU  - Wielicki, B.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Loeb, N.
AU  - Sun, W.
AU  - Potter, G.
AU  - Min, Q.
AU  - Schuster, G.
AU  - Fan, T.-F.
T1  - Estimations of climate sensitivity based on top-of-atmosphere radiation imbalance.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 24731
EP  - 24753
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Large climate feedback uncertainties limit the accuracy in predicting the response of the Earth's climate to the increase of CO2 concentration within the atmosphere. This study explores a potential to reduce uncertainties in climate sensitivity estimations using energy balance analysis, especially top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation imbalance. The time-scales studied generally cover from decade to century, that is, middle-range climate sensitivity is considered, which is directly related to the climate issue caused by atmospheric CO2 change. The significant difference between current analysis and previous energy balance models is that the current study targets at the boundary condition problem instead of solving the initial condition problem. Additionally, climate system memory and deep ocean heat transport are considered. The climate feedbacks are obtained based on the constraints of the TOA radiation imbalance and surface temperature measurements of the present climate. Currently, there is a lack of high accuracy measurements of TOA radiation imbalance. Available estimations indicate that TOA net radiative heating to the climate system is about 0.85 W/m². Based on this value, a positive climate feedback with a feedback coefficient ranging from -1.3 to -1.0 W/m²/K is found. The range of feedback coefficient is determined by climate system memory. The longer the memory, the stronger the positive feedback. The estimated time constant of the climate is large (70 120 years) mainly owing to the deep ocean heat transport, implying that the system may be not in an equilibrium state under the external forcing during the industrial era. For the doubled-CO2 climate (or 3.7 W/m2 forcing), the estimated global warming would be 3.1 K if the current estimate of 0.85 W/m² TOA net radiative heating could be confirmed. With accurate long-term measurements of TOA radiation, the analysis method suggested by this study provides a great potential in the estimations of middle-range climate sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - Environmental disasters
KW  - Global temperature changes
N1  - Accession Number: 47179478; Lin, B. 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov; Chambers, L. 1; Stackhouse, Jr., P. 1; Wielicki, B. 1; Hu, Y. 1; Minnis, P. 1; Loeb, N. 1; Sun, W. 2; Potter, G. 3; Min, Q. 4; Schuster, G. 1; Fan, T.-F. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; 2: SSAI, One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666, USA.; 3: University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.; 4: State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA.; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p24731; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere); Thesaurus Term: Environmental disasters; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berg, Larry K.
AU  - Berkowitz, Carl M.
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Dubey, Manvendra K.
AU  - Andrews, Elisabeth
AU  - Coulter, Richard L.
AU  - Hair, Johnathan W.
AU  - Hubbe, John M.
AU  - Yin-Nan Lee
AU  - Mazzoleni, Claudio
AU  - Olfert, Jason
AU  - Springston, Stephen R.
T1  - OVERVIEW OF THE CUMULUS HUMILIS AEROSOL PROCESSING STUDY.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 90
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1653
EP  - 1667
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article offers information various studies concerning the positive effect of cumulus humilis aerosol. Based on the conclusion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global radiative forcing caused aerosols is large and in general cools down the planet. It also mentions the general purpose of Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study (CHAPS) which is to provide concurrent observations of the chemical composition of the activated and non activated aerosols.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Atomization
KW  - Atomizers
KW  - Research & development
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
N1  - Accession Number: 47054631; Berg, Larry K. 1; Email Address: larry.berg@pnl.gov; Berkowitz, Carl M. 1; Ogren, John A. 2; Hostetler, Chris A. 3; Ferrare, Richard A. 3; Dubey, Manvendra K. 4; Andrews, Elisabeth 5; Coulter, Richard L. 6; Hair, Johnathan W. 3; Hubbe, John M. 1; Yin-Nan Lee 7; Mazzoleni, Claudio 4; Olfert, Jason 7; Springston, Stephen R. 7; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland. Washington; 2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Boulder. Colorado; 3: NASA Langley Research Center. Hampton, Virginia; 4: Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos, New Mexico; 5: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; 6: Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne. Illinois; 7: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton, New York; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 90 Issue 11, p1653; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Atomization; Thesaurus Term: Atomizers; Subject Term: Research & development; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) ; Company/Entity: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009BAMS2760.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sui Ruan
AU  - Yunkai Zhou
AU  - Feili Yu
AU  - Pattipati, Krishna R.
AU  - Willett, Peter
AU  - Patterson-Hine, Ann
T1  - Dynamic Multiple-Fault Diagnosis With Imperfect Tests.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 39
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1224
EP  - 1236
SN  - 10834427
AB  - In this paper, we consider a model for the dynamic multiple-fault diagnosis (DMFD) problem arising in online monitoring of complex systems and present a solution. This problem involves real-time inference of the most likely set of faults and their time-evolution based on blocks of unreliable test outcomes over time. In the DMFD problem, there is a finite set of mutually independent fault states, and a finite set of sensors (tests) is used to monitor their status. We model the dependence of test outcomes on the fault states via the traditional D-matrix (fault dictionary). The tests are imperfect in the sense that they can have missed detections, false alarms, or may be available asynchronously. Based on the imperfect observations over time, the problem is to identify the most likely evolution of fault states over time. The DMFD problem is an intractable NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Consequently, we decompose the DMFD problem into a series of decoupled subproblems, one for each sample epoch. For a single-epoch MFD, we develop a fast and high-quality deterministic simulated annealing method. Based on the sequential inferences, a local search-and-update scheme is applied to further improve the solution. Finally, we discuss how the method can be extended to dependent faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REAL-time computing
KW  - COMPLEXITY (Philosophy)
KW  - SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics)
KW  - FAULT location (Engineering)
KW  - HIDDEN Markov models
KW  - LAGRANGIAN functions
KW  - COMPUTER system failures
KW  - Approximate Bayesian revision
KW  - determinisitic simulated annealing
KW  - dynamic fault diagnosis
KW  - functional HMMMs
KW  - hidden Markov models (HMMs)
KW  - Lagrangian relaxation
KW  - multiple faults
KW  - LAGRANGIAN & Hamiltonian Mechanics (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 45323099; Sui Ruan 1,2; Yunkai Zhou 3; Email Address: yzhou@smu.edu; Feili Yu 1; Email Address: yu02001@engr.uconn.edu; Pattipati, Krishna R. 1; Email Address: krishna@engr.uconn.edu; Willett, Peter 1; Email Address: willett@engr.uconn.edu; Patterson-Hine, Ann 4; Email Address: apatterson-hine@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1157 USA; 2: Department of Revenue Management and Planning, American Airlines, TX 76155 USA; 3: Department of Mathematics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0156 USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 39 Issue 6, p1224; Thesaurus Term: REAL-time computing; Subject Term: COMPLEXITY (Philosophy); Subject Term: SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics); Subject Term: FAULT location (Engineering); Subject Term: HIDDEN Markov models; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN functions; Subject Term: COMPUTER system failures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Approximate Bayesian revision; Author-Supplied Keyword: determinisitic simulated annealing; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic fault diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: functional HMMMs; Author-Supplied Keyword: hidden Markov models (HMMs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lagrangian relaxation; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple faults; Reviews & Products: LAGRANGIAN & Hamiltonian Mechanics (Book); Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 7 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2025572
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oza, Nikunj
AU  - Castle, J. Patrick
AU  - Stutz, John
T1  - Classification of Aeronautics System Health and Safety Documents.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
PY  - 2009/11//
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 39
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 670
EP  - 680
SN  - 10946977
AB  - The article discusses the classification of Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) and Aviation Safety Action Plan (ASAP) documents. It notes that problem categorizations were developed for ASRS and ASAP to help identify system problems. It discusses the results of two classification algorithms implemented to classify both ASRS and ASAP documents, including a support vector machine (SVP) called Mariana and the classification that were designed on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF).
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - RECORDS management
KW  - CLASSIFICATION of nonbook materials
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Evaluation
KW  - NONNEGATIVE matrices
KW  - SUPPORT vector machines
N1  - Accession Number: 44816035; Source Information: Nov2009, Vol. 39 Issue 6, p670; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: RECORDS management; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION of nonbook materials; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Evaluation; Subject Term: NONNEGATIVE matrices; Subject Term: SUPPORT vector machines; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 9 Charts, 11 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2020788
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
AU  - Smith, Mark S.
T1  - Real-Time Dynamic Modeling: Data Information Requirements and Flight-Test Results.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1894
EP  - 1918
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Practical aspects of identifying dynamic models for aircraft in real time were studied. Topics included the formulation of an equation-error method in the frequency domain to estimate nondimensional stability and control derivatives in real time, data information content for accurate modeling results, speed of convergence, and data information management techniques such as data forgetting, incorporating prior information, and optimized excitation. Real-time dynamic modeling was applied to simulation data and flight-test data from a modified F-15B fighter aircraft and to operational flight data from a subscale jet transport aircraft. Estimated parameter standard errors, prediction cases, and comparisons with results from postflight analysis using the output-error method in the time domain were used to demonstrate the accuracy of the identified real-time models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DYNAMO (Computer program language)
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - FLIGHT control
N1  - Accession Number: 47799328; Source Information: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1894; Subject Term: DYNAMO (Computer program language); Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources management; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 25p; ; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Charts, 12 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.40764
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwarz, Jordan B.
AU  - Dowell, Earl H.
AU  - Thomas, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Hall, Kenneth C.
AU  - Rausch, Russ D.
AU  - Bartels, Robert E.
T1  - Improved Flutter Boundary Prediction for an Isolated Two-Degree-of-Freedom Airfoil.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2069
EP  - 2076
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A novel method of computing the flutter boundary for an isolated airfoil based on a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics model reveals unusual behavior in a critical transonic range. Inviscid and viscous predictions of the flutter boundary for the two airfoils examined differ substantially in this critical region and become sensitive to Mach number and grid topology due to complicated shock/boundary-layer interactions. Computational fluid dynamics predictions of the flutter boundary for a NACA 0012 section airfoil are also compared with previous experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 47799342; Source Information: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p2069; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 16 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.30703
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Trepte, Charles
AU  - Flittner, David
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Nasiri, Shaima L.
AU  - Baum, Bryan
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Wang, Zhien
AU  - Young, Stuart
AU  - Stamnes, Knut
AU  - Huang, Jianping
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph
AU  - Holz, Robert
T1  - CALIPSO/CALIOP Cloud Phase Discrimination Algorithm.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 26
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2293
EP  - 2309
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The current cloud thermodynamic phase discrimination by Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) is based on the depolarization of backscattered light measured by its lidar [Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)]. It assumes that backscattered light from ice crystals is depolarizing, whereas water clouds, being spherical, result in minimal depolarization. However, because of the relationship between the CALIOP field of view (FOV) and the large distance between the satellite and clouds and because of the frequent presence of oriented ice crystals, there is often a weak correlation between measured depolarization and phase, which thereby creates significant uncertainties in the current CALIOP phase retrieval. For water clouds, the CALIOP-measured depolarization can be large because of multiple scattering, whereas horizontally oriented ice particles depolarize only weakly and behave similarly to water clouds. Because of the nonunique depolarization–cloud phase relationship, more constraints are necessary to uniquely determine cloud phase. Based on theoretical and modeling studies, an improved cloud phase determination algorithm has been developed. Instead of depending primarily on layer-integrated depolarization ratios, this algorithm differentiates cloud phases by using the spatial correlation of layer-integrated attenuated backscatter and layer-integrated particulate depolarization ratio. This approach includes a two-step process: 1) use of a simple two-dimensional threshold method to provide a preliminary identification of ice clouds containing randomly oriented particles, ice clouds with horizontally oriented particles, and possible water clouds and 2) application of a spatial coherence analysis technique to separate water clouds from ice clouds containing horizontally oriented ice particles. Other information, such as temperature, color ratio, and vertical variation of depolarization ratio, is also considered. The algorithm works well for both the 0.3° and 3° off-nadir lidar pointing geometry. When the lidar is pointed at 0.3° off nadir, half of the opaque ice clouds and about one-third of all ice clouds have a significant lidar backscatter contribution from specular reflections from horizontally oriented particles. At 3° off nadir, the lidar backscatter signals for roughly 30% of opaque ice clouds and 20% of all observed ice clouds are contaminated by horizontally oriented crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Artificial satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 45062771; Hu, Yongxiang 1,2; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov; Winker, David 1; Vaughan, Mark 1; Lin, Bing 1; Omar, Ali 1; Trepte, Charles 1; Flittner, David 1; Yang, Ping 3; Nasiri, Shaima L. 3; Baum, Bryan 4; Sun, Wenbo 5; Liu, Zhaoyan 6; Wang, Zhien 7; Young, Stuart 8; Stamnes, Knut 9; Huang, Jianping 10; Kuehn, Ralph 10; Holz, Robert 4; Affiliations: 1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Corresponding author address: Yongxiang Hu, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681.; 3: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 4: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 6: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 7: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; 8: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia; 9: Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey; 10: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p2293; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 14 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Powell, Kathleen A.
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Hunt, William H.
AU  - Young, Stuart A.
T1  - Overview of the CALIPSO Mission and CALIOP Data Processing Algorithms.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 26
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2310
EP  - 2323
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is a two-wavelength polarization lidar that performs global profiling of aerosols and clouds in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. CALIOP is the primary instrument on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite, which has flown in formation with the NASA A-train constellation of satellites since May 2006. The global, multiyear dataset obtained from CALIOP provides a new view of the earth’s atmosphere and will lead to an improved understanding of the role of aerosols and clouds in the climate system. A suite of algorithms has been developed to identify aerosol and cloud layers and to retrieve a variety of optical and microphysical properties. CALIOP represents a significant advance over previous space lidars, and the algorithms that have been developed have many innovative aspects to take advantage of its capabilities. This paper provides a brief overview of the CALIPSO mission, the CALIOP instrument and data products, and an overview of the algorithms used to produce these data products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Wavelengths
N1  - Accession Number: 45062770; Winker, David M. 1,2; Email Address: david.m.winker@nasa.gov; Vaughan, Mark A. 1; Omar, Ali 1; Hu, Yongxiang 1; Powell, Kathleen A. 1; Liu, Zhaoyan 3; Hunt, William H. 4; Young, Stuart A. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Corresponding author address: David M. Winker, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681.; 3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 5: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p2310; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Priestley, Kory J.
AU  - Hess, Phillip C.
AU  - Currey, Chris
AU  - Spence, Peter
T1  - Validation of Geolocation of Measurements of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Scanning Radiometers aboard Three Spacecraft.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 26
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2379
EP  - 2391
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument is a scanning radiometer for measuring Earth-emitted and -reflected solar radiation to understand Earth’s energy balance. One CERES instrument was placed into orbit aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) in 1997; two were aboard the Terra spacecraft, launched in 1999; and two were aboard the Aqua spacecraft, launched in 2002. These measurements are used together with data from higher-resolution instruments to generate a number of data products. The nominal footprint size of the pixel at Earth’s surface is 16 km in the cross-scan direction and 23 km in the scan direction for the TRMM platform and 36 km in the cross-scan direction and 46 km in the scan direction for the Terra and Aqua platforms. It is required that the location on Earth of each pixel be known to 1–2 km to use the CERES data with the higher-resolution instruments on a pixel basis. A technique has been developed to validate the computed geolocation of the measurements by use of coastlines. Scenes are chosen in which the reflected solar radiation changes abruptly from the land surface to the darker ocean surface and the Earth-emitted radiation changes from the warm land to the cool ocean, or vice versa, so that scenes can be detected both day and night. The computed coastline location is then compared with the World Bank II map. The method has been applied to data from the three spacecraft and shows that the pixel geolocations are accurate to within 10% of the pixel size and that the geolocation is adequate for current scientific investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Astronomical photometry
KW  - Scanning systems
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 45062778; Smith, G. Louis 1,2; Email Address: george.l.smith@larc.nasa.gov; Priestley, Kory J. 3; Hess, Phillip C. 4; Currey, Chris 3; Spence, Peter 5,6; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Corresponding author address: G. Louis Smith, Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Space Systems Application, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 5: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; 6: * Current affiliation: Planning Systems, Inc., Long Beach, Mississippi.; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p2379; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Astronomical photometry; Subject Term: Scanning systems; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shengli Huang
AU  - Connaughton, Zachary
AU  - Potter, Christopher S.
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Crabtree, Robert L.
AU  - Fu, Pinde
T1  - MODELING NEAR-SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE FROM SOLAR RADIATION AND LAPSE RATE: NEW DEVELOPMENT ON SHORT-TERM MONTHLY AND DAILY APPROACH.
JO  - Physical Geography
JF  - Physical Geography
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 517
EP  - 527
SN  - 02723646
AB  - Short-term monthly mean temperature (Tm) and short-term daily mean temperature (Td) rather than long-term monthly and daily mean temperature (Tm and Td) are preferred for some ecosystem studies such as carbon source and sink, pine beetle mortality, and snow melting. The recent progress of modeling Tm and Td (based on the previous work on Tm) supported by climatologically aided interpolation (CAI) is reported over the mountainous Yellowstone National Park. With the spatial scale of a 30 m digital elevation model (DEM), the slope, aspect, and shadows cast by surrounding topography, which could not be well captured by very coarse DEM, could he taken into account. Data from 12 months (Jan-Dec 2008) and 12 dates (25 Jan-Dec 2008) were used to demonstrate the approach. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolations of limited temperature anomalies were adopted to represent the deviations from normality. Tm as a preexisting climatology surface, was added to deviations in order to model Tm. Linear temporal interpolation of adjacent Tm was used to create a climatology surface, which was then added to deviations in order to model Td. Results show the mean absolute errors (MAEs) for Tm ranged from 0.75°C to 1.78°C, while the MAEs for Td ranged from 1.14°C to 2.02°C. The four factors of elevation, seasonal change of lapse rate, temperature difference caused by variation in solar radiation, and preexisting climatology surface for the CAI approach were comprehensively considered in this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Geography is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Upper air temperature
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Beetles
KW  - Snowmelt
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Temperature lapse rate
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
KW  - inverse distance weighting
KW  - montane eco- system
KW  - surface temperature
KW  - temperature anomalies
KW  - Yellow-stone National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 46974854; Shengli Huang 1,2; Connaughton, Zachary 3; Potter, Christopher S. 4; Genovese, Vanessa 5; Crabtree, Robert L. 2; Fu, Pinde 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4 Moffett Field, California 94035; 2: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite B, Bozeman, Montana 59718; 3: Mechanical Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59715; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, California 94035; 5: California State University, Monterey Bay 100 Campus Center, Seaside, California 93955; 6: Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) Inc., 380 New York Street, Redlands, California 92373; Issue Info: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p517; Thesaurus Term: Upper air temperature; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Beetles; Thesaurus Term: Snowmelt; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Temperature lapse rate; Subject: Yellowstone National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse distance weighting; Author-Supplied Keyword: montane eco- system; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature anomalies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellow-stone National Park; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2747/0272-3646.30.6.517
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Yang, Feihua
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Refinement of rooting depths using satellite-based evapotranspiration seasonality for ecosystem modeling in California
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2009/11/03/
VL  - 149
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1907
EP  - 1918
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: Accurate determination of rooting depths in terrestrial biosphere models is important for simulating terrestrial water and carbon cycles. In this study, we developed a method for optimizing rooting depth using satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) seasonality and an ecosystem model by minimizing the differences between satellite-based and simulated ET. We then analyzed the impacts of rooting depth optimization on the simulated ET and gross primary production (GPP) seasonality in California, USA. First, we conducted a point-based evaluation of the methods against flux observations in California and tested the sensitivities of the simulated ET seasonality to the rooting depth settings. We then extended it spatially by estimating spatial patterns of rooting depth and analyzing the sensitivities of the simulated ET and GPP seasonalities to the rooting depth settings. We found large differences in the optimized and soil survey (STATSGO)-based rooting depths over the northern forest regions. In these regions, the deep rooting depths (>3m) estimated in the study successfully reproduced the satellite-based ET seasonality, which peaks in summer, whereas the STATSGO-based rooting depth (<1.5m) failed to sustain a high ET in summer. The rooting depth refinement also has large effects on simulated GPP; the annual GPP in these regions is increased by 50–100% due to sufficient soil water during the summer. In the grassy and shrubby regions of central and southern California, the estimated rooting depths are similar to those of STATSGO, probably due to the shallow rooting depth in these ecosystems. Our analysis suggests that setting a rooting depth is important for terrestrial ecosystem modeling and that satellite-based data could help both to estimate the spatial variability of rooting depths and to improve water and carbon cycle modeling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Roots (Botany)
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Ecology -- Mathematical models
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Artificial satellites in biology
KW  - Mathematical optimization
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Regional modeling
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Rooting depth
KW  - Terrestrial ecosystem modeling
KW  - Water cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 44173109; Ichii, Kazuhito 1,2; Email Address: kazuhito.ichii@gmail.com; Wang, Weile 2,3; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2,3; Yang, Feihua 4; Votava, Petr 2,3; Michaelis, Andrew R. 2,3; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: University Corporation at Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; 4: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 149 Issue 11, p1907; Thesaurus Term: Roots (Botany); Thesaurus Term: Evapotranspiration; Thesaurus Term: Ecology -- Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Biosphere; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Subject Term: Artificial satellites in biology; Subject Term: Mathematical optimization; Subject Term: Seasons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rooting depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial ecosystem modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water cycle; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Partha P.  Bera
AU  - Joseph S.  Francisco
AU  - Timothy J.  Lee
T1  - Identifying the Molecular Origin of Global Warming†.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2009/11/12/
VL  - 113
IS  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 12694
EP  - 12699
SN  - 10895639
AB  - We have investigated the physical characteristics of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to assess which properties are most important in determining the efficiency of a GHG. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), nitrogen fluorides, and various other known atmospheric trace molecules have been included in this study. Compounds containing the halogens F or Cl have in common very polar X−F or X−Cl bonds, particularly the X−F bonds. It is shown that as more F atoms bond to the same central atom the bond dipoles become larger as a result of the central atom becoming more positive. This leads to a linear increase in the total or integrated X−F bond dipole derivatives for the molecule, which leads to a nonlinear (quadratic) increase in infrared (IR) intensity. Moreover, virtually all of the X−F bond stretches occur in the atmospheric IR window as opposed to X−H stretches, which do not occur in the atmospheric window. It is concluded that molecules possessing several F atoms will always have a large radiative forcing parameter in the calculation of their global warming potential. Some of the implications for global warming and climate change are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Chlorofluorocarbons
KW  - Hydrofluorocarbons
KW  - Trace elements
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Nitrogen compounds
KW  - Chemical bonds
N1  - Accession Number: 45081549; Partha P.  Bera 1; Joseph S.  Francisco 1; Timothy J.  Lee 1; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393;  Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 113 Issue 45, p12694; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Chlorofluorocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Hydrofluorocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Trace elements; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen compounds; Subject Term: Chemical bonds; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Takmeng Wong
T1  - Cloud and Radiative Characteristics of Tropical Deep Convective Systems in Extended Cloud Objects from CERES Observations.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/11/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 5983
EP  - 6000
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The physical and radiative properties of tropical deep convective systems for the period from January to August 1998 are examined with the use of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System Single-Scanner Footprint (SSF) data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. Deep convective (DC) cloud objects are contiguous regions of satellite footprints that fulfill the DC criteria (i.e., overcast footprints with cloud optical depths >10 and cloud-top heights >10 km). Extended cloud objects (ECOs) start with the original cloud object but include all other cloudy footprints within a rectangular box that completely covers the original cloud object. Most of the non-DC footprints are overcast but have optical depths and/or cloud-top heights that are too low to fit the DC criteria. The histograms of cloud physical and radiative properties are analyzed according to the size of the ECO and the SST of the underlying ocean. Larger ECOs are associated with greater magnitudes of large-scale upward motion, which supports stronger convection for larger sizes of ECOs. This leads to shifts toward higher values in the DC distributions of cloud-top height, albedo, condensate water path, and cloud optical depth. However, non-DC footprints become less reflective with increasing ECO size, as the longer-lived large convective systems have more time to develop thin cirrus anvils. The proportion of DC footprints remains fairly constant with size. The proportion of DC footprints also remains nearly constant with SST within a given size class, although the number of footprints per object increases with SST for large objects. As SSTs increase, there is a decrease in the proportion of updraft water that goes into detrainment, causing the non-DC distributions of albedo, condensate water path, and cloud optical depth to shift toward lower values. The all-cloud distributions of cloud-top temperature and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) shift toward lower values as SST increases owing to the increase in convective instability with SST. Both the DC and non-DC distributions of cloud-top temperature do not change much with satellite precession cycle, supporting the fixed anvil temperature hypothesis of Hartmann and Larson. When a joint histogram is formed from the cloud-top pressures and cloud optical depths of the ECOs, it is very similar to the corresponding histogram of the deep convective weather state obtained by cluster analysis of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Circulation models
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Weather
KW  - Anvils
N1  - Accession Number: 45162705; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1; Email Address: zachary.a.eitzen@nasa.gov; Kuan-Man Xu 2; Takmeng Wong 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 22 Issue 22, p5983; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Circulation models; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Subject Term: Anvils; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332113 Forging; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JCLI3038.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stebner, Aaron
AU  - Padula Ii, Santo
AU  - Noebe, Ronald
AU  - Lerch, Bradley
AU  - Quinn, Dane
T1  - Development, Characterization, and Design Considerations of Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5 High-temperature Shape Memory Alloy Helical Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2009/11/15/
VL  - 20
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 2107
EP  - 2126
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have been used in various applications since their discovery. However, their use as actuation devices in high-temperature environments has been limited due to the temperature constraints of commercially available materials. Recently, SMAs that produce good work characteristics at elevated temperatures have been developed at NASA's Glenn Research Center. One such alloy, Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5, has shown repeatable strain recovery on the order of 2.5% in the presence of an externally applied stress at temperatures greater than 250°C. Based on these findings, potential applications for this alloy are being explored and further work is being done to assess the use of this alloy in various structural forms. In this article, the characterization of Ni19.5Ti50.5Pd25Pt5 helical actuators is reported, including their mechanical responses and how variations in their responses correlate to changes in geometric parameters and training loads. Finally, implementation of previously published SMA spring design methodology in future SMA helical actuator development is considered through comparison of the observed and predicted responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - helical actuator
KW  - high temperature
KW  - NiTi
KW  - NiTiPdPt
KW  - shape memory alloy
KW  - shape memory effect
KW  - shape memory spring
KW  - thermal actuator
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 45082769; Stebner, Aaron 1; Email Address: a-stebner@u.northwestern.edu; Padula Ii, Santo 2; Noebe, Ronald 2; Lerch, Bradley 2; Quinn, Dane 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL USA 60208; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH USA 44135; 3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn Science and Engineering Center, The University of Akron; Issue Info: Nov2009, Vol. 20 Issue 17, p2107; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: helical actuator; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiPdPt; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory spring; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal actuator ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 26 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X09347018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alperin, Marc J.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
T1  - ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION BY ARCHAEA/SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA AGGREGATES: 1. THERMODYNAMIC AND PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS.
JO  - American Journal of Science
JF  - American Journal of Science
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 309
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 869
EP  - 957
SN  - 00029599
AB  - Aggregates of archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) recently discovered in methane-seep sediments are widely assumed to engage in anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO), but the reaction mechanism remains poorly understood. We used a spherical diffusion-reaction model that incorporates thennodynamic controls, realistic aggregate morphology, and essential elements of cell structure to quantify maximum reaction rates and energy yields for competing mechanisms, to determine how cellular energy yields are affected by aggregate size and morphology, and to investigate the impact of organic-matter remineralization on archaea and SRB in the aggregate. The model provides the following insights: (a) syntrophic AMO is thennodynamically and physically possible for a variety of intermediate compounds (including H2, fonnate, and acetate); (b) the energy yield for synirophic AMO is low but compatible with the maintenance needs of non- or slowly-growing cells; (c) archaea and SRB engaged in syntrophic AMO face a substantial energetic cost for aggregating (d) direct contact between archaea and SRB provides only a modest energetic advantage compared to a loose association; and (e) sulfidogenic-methanogenic aggregates that take advantage of fermentation products released during organic-matter decay have a substantial energetic advantage over aggregates that rely exclusively on syntrophic AMO. Moreover, the model calls attention to a discrepancy between the observed sulfate-reduction rate at a well-characterized methane- seep site and the theoretical upper-limit rate of syntrophic AMO by a mechanism involving interspecies transfer of H2, formate, acetate, or other chemical intennediates. An analysis of possible errors, ambiguities, and artifacts in modeling and experimental techniques leads us to a surprising conclusion: that archaea/SRB aggregates in methane-seep sediments may be methanogenic rather than methanotrophic. In contrast, AMO in non-seep (diffusion-dominated) sediments is best explained by a consortium involving methano- genic archaea (that oxidize methane and release H2) and hydrogenotrophic SRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Science is the property of Kline Geology Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Archaebacteria
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Sulfate-reducing bacteria
N1  - Accession Number: 48404459; Alperin, Marc J. 1; Email Address: alperin@email.unc.edu; Hoehler, Tori M. 2; Email Address: tori.m.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Marine Sciences Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3300, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Dec2009, Vol. 309 Issue 10, p869; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Archaebacteria; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Subject Term: Sulfate-reducing bacteria; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 89p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2475/10.2009.01
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alperin, Marc J.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
T1  - ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION BY ARCHAEA/SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA AGGREGATES: 2. ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS.
JO  - American Journal of Science
JF  - American Journal of Science
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 309
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 958
EP  - 984
SN  - 00029599
AB  - Recent studies employing novel analytical tools provide detailed, microscopic portraits of archaea/sulfate-reducing bacteria aggregates in sediments from methane seep and vent sites. One of the most striking features of these aggregates is that lipid and cell carbon are highly depleted in 13C (δ13C < -60%0). Biogemc methane, with δ13C values of -50 to -110 permil, is a logical candidate for carbon source of these aggregates. Accordingly, it is widely assumed that the archaea oxidize and assimilate methane, and that methane-derived carbon is transferred to the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) symbionts as CO2 or as a partially oxidized intermediate. However, methane is not the only possible source of 13C-depleted carbon in archaea/SRB aggregates. ΣCO2 in sediments at seep and vent sites tends to be isotopically "light" due to decomposition of organic matter derived from chemoautotrophic organisms. In addition, CO2 is depleted in 13C by ∼10 permil compared to ΣCO2 owing to the equilibrium isotope effect. Assimilation of this "light" CO2 by methanogemc archaea and autotrophic SRB, combined with enzymatic isotope effects, could also yield lipid and biomass that are highly depleted in 13C. We derive general equations based on isotope mass-balance and calibrated with laboratory and field data to predict the isotopic composition of archaeal cell carbon and lipids derived from autotrophic methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation. The calculations show that observed δ13C values for archaeal biomass and lipids at methane seep and vent sites are readily accounted for by isotope fractionation during methane production from CO2, and that biomass produced during anaerobic methane oxidation is only slightly depleted in 13C relative to methane unless the enzymatic isotope effect associated with the anabolic arm of the assimilation-dissimilation branch point is considerably larger than the isotope effect associated with the catabolic ann. We also apply an isotope diffusion-reaction model to demonstrate that micro-gradients in δ13C-CO2 cannot be maintained within archaea/SRB aggregates. However, 13C-depleted carbon in SRB members of the aggregate is readily explained by autotrophic sulfate-reduction with bulk porewater CO2 as carbon source. These results illustrate that 13C-depleted biomass and lipids observed in sediments from methane seep and vent sites may be derived from CO2-reducing archaea and autotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria. The inference of anaerobic methanotrophy based on 13C depletion in archaeal and sulfate-reducing bacterial cell carbon and/or lipids should be considered tentative unless corroborated by independent, concordant evidence of net methane consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Science is the property of Kline Geology Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Archaebacteria
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Sulfate-reducing bacteria
KW  - Isotopes
KW  - Lipids
N1  - Accession Number: 48404460; Alperin, Marc J. 1; Email Address: alperin@email.unc.edu; Hoehler, Tori M. 2; Email Address: tori.rn.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Marine Sciences Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3300, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Dec2009, Vol. 309 Issue 10, p958; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Archaebacteria; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Subject Term: Sulfate-reducing bacteria; Subject Term: Isotopes; Subject Term: Lipids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2475/10.2009.02
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, E. E.
AU  - Natarajan, M.
AU  - Lingenfelser, G. S.
AU  - Thompson, R. E.
AU  - Marshall, B. T.
AU  - Gordley, L. L.
T1  - On the quality of the Nimbus 7 LIMS Version 6 water vapor profiles and distributions.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 9
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 9155
EP  - 9167
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This report describes the quality of the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) water vapor (H2O) profiles of 1978/79 that were processed with a Version 6 (V6) algorithm and archived in 2002. The V6 profiles incorporate a better knowledge of the instrument attitude for the LIMS measurements along its orbits, leading to improvements for its temperature profiles and for the registration of its water vapor radiances with pressure. As a result, the LIMS V6 zonal-mean distributions of H2O exhibit better hemispheric symmetry than was the case from the original Version 5 (V5) dataset that was archived in 1982. Estimates of the precision and accuracy of the V6 H2O profiles are developed and provided. Individual profiles have a precision of order 5% and an estimated accuracy of about 19% at 3 hPa, 14% at 10 hPa, and 26% at 50 hPa. Profile segments within about 2 km of the tropopause are often affected by emissions from clouds that appear in the finite field-of-view of the detector for the LIMS H2O channel. Zonally-averaged distributions of the LIMS V6 H2O are compared with those from the more recent Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) satellite experiment for November, February, and May of 2004/05. The patterns and values of their respective distributions are similar in many respects. Effects of a strengthened Brewer- Dobson circulation are indicated in the MLS distributions of the recent decade versus those of LIMS from 1978/79. A tropical tape recorder signal is present in the 7-month time series of LIMS V6 H2O with lowest values in February 1979, and the estimated, annually-averaged "entry-level" H2O is 3.5 to 3.8 ppmv. It is judged that this historic LIMS water vapor dataset is of good quality for studies of the near globalscale chemistry and transport for pressure levels from 3 hPa to about 70 to 100 hPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 47364253; Remsberg, E. E. 1; Email Address: ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov; Natarajan, M. 1; Lingenfelser, G. S. 2; Thompson, R. E. 3; Marshall, B. T. 3; Gordley, L. L. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: SSAI, 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23661, USA; 3: GATS, Inc. 11864 Canon Blvd., Suite 101, Newport News, VA 23606, USA; Issue Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 23, p9155; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Subject Term: Infrared spectra; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Organizational Pressures and Mitigating Strategies in Small Commercial Aviation Findings from Alaska.
AU  - BEARMAN, CHRIS
AU  - PALETZ, SUSANNAH B. F.
AU  - ORASANU, JUDITH
AU  - BROOKS, BENJAMIN P.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 80
IS  - 12
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1058
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 47247781; Author: BEARMAN, CHRIS: 1,2,3 email: chris.bearman@unisa.edu.au. Author: PALETZ, SUSANNAH B. F.: 1,2,3 Author: ORASANU, JUDITH: 1,2,3 Author: BROOKS, BENJAMIN P.: 1,2,3 ; Author Affiliation: 1 University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.: 2 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.: 3 University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.; No. of Pages: 4; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20100104
N2  - Introduction: Recent attention has focused on the way in which organizational factors can erode safety in aviation, particularly in regions that have a high accident rate, such as Alaska. The present study builds on this work by examining the direct and indirect pressures that can be exerted on pilots by Alaskan operators. In addition, the paper examines ways in which organizations and individuals manage the effects of pressure. Method: Using the critical incident method to uncover situations where the pilot's skills had been challenged, 28 pilots who flew in Alaska were interviewed. A bottom-up qualitative analysis revealed a range of organizational pressures and mitigating strategies. Results: Pilots in Alaska encountered both implicit and explicit norms and expectations to fly in marginal conditions. Pressure also arose from pilots' awareness of the need for their company to make money and from perceived job competition. Some Alaskan operators were able to mitigate the effects of pressure on their pilots and some pilots reported mitigating pressure to fly by managing their employer's expectations and re-emphasizing safety. Discussion: Organizational factors were found to be an important source of pressure for pilots and are likely to contribute to the high accident rate in Alaska. Balancing the competing demands of safety and productivity may be extremely difficult for many small operators, which places a heavy reliance on the decision making of individuals. Both the subtle pressures on individual pilots and strategies for mitigating those pressures are, therefore, extremely important to safety and productivity in small-scale commercial aviation. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *AERONAUTICS
KW  - *PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - SAFETY measures
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - ALASKA
KW  - employer expectations
KW  - goal conflict
KW  - implicit norms
KW  - productivity
KW  - safety
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HURRELL, JAMES
AU  - MEEHL, GERALD A.
AU  - BADER, DAVID
AU  - DELWORTH, THOMAS L.
AU  - KIRTMAN, BEN
AU  - WIELICKI, BRUCE
T1  - A UNIFIED MODLING APPROACH TO CLIMATE SYSTEM PREDICTION.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 90
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1819
EP  - 1832
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article offers information on unified modeling approach to climate systems. It informs that Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) class should be combined with climate models for predictions on time scales. It informs that after modifying the changing account of radiative forcing, use Numerical Weather Predictions (NWP) class models for seasons to decades prediction. It states that these approaches are aimed at clearing the distinction between climate and weather.
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Climatic classification
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Prediction models
KW  - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
N1  - Accession Number: 47776134; HURRELL, JAMES 1; Email Address: jhurrell@ucar.eitu; MEEHL, GERALD A. 1; BADER, DAVID 2; DELWORTH, THOMAS L. 3; KIRTMAN, BEN 4,5; WIELICKI, BRUCE 6; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.; 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California.; 3: NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey.; 4: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.; 5: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland.; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Issue Info: Dec2009, Vol. 90 Issue 12, p1819; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Climatic classification; Thesaurus Term: Forecasting; Subject Term: Prediction models ; Company/Entity: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009BAMS2752.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
AU  - Arnold, William A.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Effect of microscopic damage events on static and ballistic impact strength of triaxial braid composites
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 40
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1846
EP  - 1862
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: The reliability of impact simulations for aircraft components made with triaxial braided carbon fiber composites is currently limited by inadequate material property data and lack of validated material models for analysis. Methods to characterize the material properties used in the analytical models from a systematically obtained set of test data are also lacking. A macroscopic finite element based analytical model to analyze the impact response of these materials has been developed. The stiffness and strength properties utilized in the material model are obtained from a set of quasi-static in-plane tension, compression and shear coupon level tests. Full-field optical strain measurement techniques are applied in the testing, and the results are used to help in characterizing the model. The unit cell of the braided composite is modeled as a series of shell elements, where each element is modeled as a laminated composite. The braided architecture can thus be approximated within the analytical model. The transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA is utilized to conduct the finite element simulations, and an internal LS-DYNA constitutive model is utilized in the analysis. Methods to obtain the stiffness and strength properties required by the constitutive model from the available test data are developed. Simulations of quasi-static coupon tests and impact tests of a represented braided composite are conducted. Overall, the developed method shows promise, but improvements that are needed in test and analysis methods for better predictive capability are examined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - BRAID
KW  - B. Delamination
KW  - B. Fibre/matrix bond
KW  - B. Impact behavior
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - B. Optical properties/techniques
N1  - Accession Number: 45421723; Littell, Justin D. 1; Email Address: justin.d.littell@nasa.gov; Binienda, Wieslaw K. 1; Arnold, William A. 1; Roberts, Gary D. 2; Goldberg, Robert K. 2; Affiliations: 1: The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Issue Info: Dec2009, Vol. 40 Issue 12, p1846; Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Thesaurus Term: FINITE element method; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: BRAID; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fibre/matrix bond; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Impact behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Optical properties/techniques; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313220 Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.08.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105310341
T1  - Use of remotely sensed data to evaluate the relationship between living environment and blood pressure.
AU  - Estes MG Jr.
AU  - Al-Hamdan MZ
AU  - Crosson W
AU  - Estes SM
AU  - Quattrochi D
AU  - Kent S
AU  - McClure LA
Y1  - 2009/12//
N1  - Accession Number: 105310341. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100409. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Public Health. Grant Information: National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U01 NS041588) and from the NASA Applied Sciences Program. NLM UID: 0330411. 
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Environment
KW  - Hypertension -- Risk Factors
KW  - Air Pollution
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Chi Square Test
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Human
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Rural Areas
KW  - United States
KW  - Urban Areas
SP  - 1832
EP  - 1838
JO  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JA  - ENVIRON HEALTH PERSPECT
VL  - 117
IS  - 12
CY  - Washington, District of Columbia
PB  - Superintendent of Documents
AB  - Background: Urbanization has been correlated with hypertension (HTN) in developing countries undergoing rapid economic and environmental transitions. Objectives: We examined the relationships among living environment (urban, suburban, and rural), day/night land surface temperatures (LST), and blood pressure in selected regions from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. Also, the linking of data on blood pressure from REGARDS with National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) science data is relevant to NASA's strategic goals and missions, particularly as a primary focus of the agency's Applied Sciences Program. Methods: REGARDS is a national cohort of 30,228 people from the 48 contiguous United States with self-reported and measured blood pressure levels. Four metropolitan regions (Philadelphia, PA; Atlanta, GA; Minneapolis, MN; and Chicago, IL) with varying geographic and health characteristics were selected for study. Satellite remotely sensed data were used to characterize the LST and land cover/land use (LCLU) environment for each area. We developed a method for characterizing participants as living in urban, suburban, or rural living environments, using the LCLU data. These data were compiled on a 1-km grid for each region and linked with the REGARDS data via an algorithm using geocoding information. Results: REGARDS participants in urban areas have higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure than do those in suburban or rural areas, and also a higher incidence of HTN. In univariate models, living environment is associated with HTN, but after adjustment for known HTN risk factors, the relationship was no longer present. Conclusion: Further study regarding the relationship between HTN and living environment should focus on additional environmental characteristics, such as air pollution. The living environment classification method using remotely sensed data has the potential to facilitate additional research linking environmental variables to public health concerns.
SN  - 0091-6765
AD  - NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, National Space Science and Technology Center, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35805 E-mail: maury.g.estes@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 20049200.
DO  - 10.1289/ehp.0900871
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
T1  - Parameterization of Shortwave and Longwave Radiative Properties of Ice Clouds for Use in Climate Models.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 22
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 6287
EP  - 6312
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Climate modeling and prediction require that the parameterization of the radiative effects of ice clouds be as accurate as possible. The radiative properties of ice clouds are highly sensitive to the single-scattering properties of ice particles and ice cloud microphysical properties such as particle habits and size distributions. In this study, parameterizations for shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiative properties of ice clouds are developed for three existing schemes using ice cloud microphysical properties obtained from five field campaigns and broadband-averaged single-scattering properties of nonspherical ice particles as functions of the effective particle size De (defined as 1.5 times the ratio of total volume to total projected area), which include hexagonal solid columns and hollow columns, hexagonal plates, six-branch bullet rosettes, aggregates, and droxtals. A combination of the discrete ordinates radiative transfer model and a line-by-line model is used to simulate ice cloud radiative forcing (CRF) at both the surface and the top of the atmosphere (TOA) for the three redeveloped parameterization schemes. The differences in CRF for different parameterization schemes are in the range of -5 to 5 W m-2. In general, the large differences in SW and total CRF occur for thick ice clouds, whereas the large differences in LW CRF occur for ice clouds with small ice particles (De less than 20 μm). The redeveloped parameterization schemes are then applied to the radiative transfer models used for climate models. The ice cloud optical and microphysical properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud product over a granule and the collocated atmospheric profiles from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) product are input into these radiative transfer models to compare the differences in CRF between the redeveloped and existing parameterization schemes. Although differences between these schemes are small in the LW CRF, the differences in the SW CRF are quite large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Radioactivity measurements
KW  - Detection of radioactive substances
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Shortwave radio
KW  - Microwaves
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 45427505; Gang Hong 1; Email Address: hong@ariel.met.tamu.edu; Ping Yang 1; Baum, Bryan A. 2; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 3; Kuan-Man Xu 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 2: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2009, Vol. 22 Issue 23, p6287; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Thesaurus Term: Radiation measurements; Thesaurus Term: Radioactivity measurements; Thesaurus Term: Detection of radioactive substances; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Shortwave radio; Subject Term: Microwaves; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JCLI2844.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Kinesthetic Compensation for Sensorimotor Rearrangements.
AU  - Ellis, Stephen R.
AU  - Adelstein, Bernard D.
JO  - Journal of Motor Behavior
JF  - Journal of Motor Behavior
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
SP  - 501
EP  - 518
SN  - 00222895
N1  - Accession Number: 45007805; Author: Ellis, Stephen R.: 1 Author: Adelstein, Bernard D.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; No. of Pages: 18; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20091106
N2  - The authors report a new sensorimotor phenomenon in which participants use hand-sensed kinesthetic information to compensate for rotational sensorimotor rearrangements. This compensation benefits from conscious awareness and is related to hand posture. The technique can reduce control inefficiency with some misalignments by as much as 64%. The results support Y. Guiard's (1987) suggestion that in bimanual tasks one hand provides an operational frame of reference for the other hand as in a closed kinematic chain. Results with right-handed participants show that the right and left hands are equally effective at providing such a cue. A constant-angular-targeting-error model, similar to that used for hand movements by H. Cunningham and I. Vardi (1990) and for walking by S. K. Rushton, J. M. Harris, M. R. Lloyd, and J. P. Wann (1998), is used to model the trajectories of targeting hand movements demonstrating the phenomenon. The model provides a natural parameter of the error. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *HUMAN information processing
KW  - *PERCEPTUAL-motor processes
KW  - *MOTOR ability
KW  - *EYE-hand coordination
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SENSORIMOTOR integration
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - kinesthetic cue
KW  - manual control
KW  - sensorimotor rearrangement
KW  - telerobotics
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105238540
T1  - Kinesthetic compensation for sensorimotor rearrangements.
AU  - Ellis SR
AU  - Adelstein BD
Y1  - 2009/12//
N1  - Accession Number: 105238540. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100319. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. NLM UID: 0236512. 
KW  - Kinesthesis -- Physiology
KW  - Movement -- Physiology
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Psychomotor Performance
KW  - Adult
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Auditory Perception -- Physiology
KW  - Cues
KW  - Female
KW  - Hand -- Physiology
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Posture -- Physiology
KW  - Rotation
KW  - Visual Perception -- Physiology
SP  - 501
EP  - 518
JO  - Journal of Motor Behavior
JF  - Journal of Motor Behavior
JA  - J MOTOR BEHAV
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 0022-2895
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.
U2  - PMID: 19581219.
DO  - 10.3200/35-08-065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heidmann, James D.
T1  - NASA Turbomachinery Technical Working Group Technology Assessment.
JO  - Mechanical Engineering
JF  - Mechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 131
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 52
PB  - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
SN  - 00256501
AB  - The article reports on the technological assessment conducted by the Turbomachinery Technical Working Group headed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the U.S. It states that the group formation was propelled by the Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Project of NASA which need working groups emphasizing on the technologies in turbomachinery. It also mentions several members of the group including Jim Heidmann, chairperson of NASA, Aspi Wadia of General Electric (GE) Aircraft Engines and Steve Wellborn of Rolls-Royce PLC. It also presents a table which summarizes the results of the research depicting the performance, noise and emissions of turbomachineries.
KW  - TURBOMACHINES
KW  - TURBINES -- Aerodynamics
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - ROLLS-Royce PLC
KW  - GENERAL Electric Aircraft Engines (Company)
KW  - HEIDMANN, Jim
KW  - WADIA, Aspi
KW  - WELLBORN, Steve
N1  - Accession Number: 46795710; Heidmann, James D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Senior Technical Advisor, Subsonic Fixed Wing Project, NASA Glenn Research Center; Issue Info: Dec2009, Vol. 131 Issue 12, p51; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES; Subject Term: TURBINES -- Aerodynamics; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration ; Company/Entity: ROLLS-Royce PLC ; Company/Entity: GENERAL Electric Aircraft Engines (Company); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: HEIDMANN, Jim; People: WADIA, Aspi; People: WELLBORN, Steve; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1567
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Griffith, C.A.
AU  - Ferri, F.
AU  - Fulchignoni, M.
T1  - Comparing methane and temperature profiles on Titan in 1980 and 2005
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 57
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1996
EP  - 2000
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Huygens Probe data provided a direct measurement of CH4, temperature, and pressure in Titan''s atmosphere. This data can be used to compare to the Voyager data in which the effects of CH4, temperature, and pressure were mixed together. Comparison with Huygens data indicates that values of the surface relative humidity of CH4 at the Voyager ingress and egress were between 20% and 45%, and values above 60% are inconsistent with this comparison. The most parsimonious explanation for the Voyager data is that the temperature and CH4 surface humidity at the Voyager ingress and egress profiles were identical to the Huygens values; a surface temperature of 93.65±0.25K, and a surface relative humidity of 43%. Thus, it is likely that these values have characterized the equatorial region of Titan from 1980 until 2005. The small reduction of 1K, between the tropopause temperatures of the Voyager profiles and the tropopause temperature of the Huygens profile is explainable by a change in the antigreenhouse flux from the stratosphere from 0.13 to 0.1 of the total average solar flux. This could result from a small seasonal change in the optical properties of the stratospheric haze. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Atmospheric methane
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Space probes
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Huygens
KW  - Methane
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Titan
KW  - Voyager
N1  - Accession Number: 45418609; McKay, C.P. 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Griffith, C.A. 2; Ferri, F. 3; Fulchignoni, M. 4; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; 3: Università di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy; 4: Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France; Issue Info: Dec2009, Vol. 57 Issue 14/15, p1996; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric methane; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Space probes; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Huygens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voyager; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2009.08.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rowland, Teri
AU  - Chambers, Lin
AU  - Holzer, Missy
AU  - Moore, Susan
T1  - SOLAR RADIATION: Harnessing the Power.
JO  - Science Teacher
JF  - Science Teacher
J1  - Science Teacher
PY  - 2009/12//
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 76
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 35
SN  - 00368555
AB  - The article presents a lesson plan that can be used in teaching solar energy, electricity, and electromagnetic spectrum to middle and high school students.
KW  - LESSON planning
KW  - SOLAR energy -- Study & teaching
KW  - ELECTRICITY -- Study & teaching
KW  - ACTIVITY programs in middle school education
KW  - ACTIVITY programs in secondary education
N1  - Accession Number: 45651605; Source Information: Dec2009, Vol. 76 Issue 9, p31; Subject Term: LESSON planning; Subject Term: SOLAR energy -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: ELECTRICITY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: ACTIVITY programs in middle school education; Subject Term: ACTIVITY programs in secondary education; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - In Retrospect: Kepler's Astronomia Nova.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/12/10/
VL  - 462
IS  - 7274
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 725
EP  - 725
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article reviews the book "Astronomia Nova," by Johannes Kepler.
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Kepler, Johannes, 1571-1630
KW  - Astronomia Nova (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 45679820; Lissauer, Jack J. 1,2; Email Address: Jack.J.Lissauer@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Space Scientist, NASA's Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: Visiting Fellow, Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK; Issue Info: 12/10/2009, Vol. 462 Issue 7274, p725; Thesaurus Term: Astronomy; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Astronomia Nova (Book); People: Kepler, Johannes, 1571-1630; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1038/462725a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
T1  - Technical Note: Time-dependent limb-darkening calibration for solar occultation instruments.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Solar occultation has proven to be a reliable technique for the measurement of atmospheric constituents in the stratosphere. NASA's Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiments (SAGE, SAGE II, and SAGE III) together have provided over 25 years of quality solar occultation data, a data record which has been an important resource for the scientific exploration of atmospheric composition and climate change. Herein, we describe an improvement to the processing of SAGE data that corrects for a previously uncorrected short-term time-dependence in the calibration function. The variability relates to the apparent rotation of the scanning track with respect to the face of the sun due to the motion of the satellite. Correcting for this effect results in a decrease in the measurement noise in the Level 1 line-of-sight optical depth measurements of approximately 40% in the middle and upper stratospheric SAGE II and III observations where it has been applied. The technique is potentially useful for any scanning solar occultation instrument and suggests further improvement for future occultation measurements if a full disk imaging system can be included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47791314; Burton, S. P. 1,2; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov; Thomason, L. W. 3; Zawodny, J. M. 3; Affiliations: 1: SAIC, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mao, H.
AU  - Chen, M.
AU  - Hegarty, J. D.
AU  - Talbot, R. W.
AU  - Koermer, J. P.
AU  - Thompson, A. M.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
T1  - A comprehensive evaluation of seasonal simulations of ozone in the northeastern US during summers of 2001-2005.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 27
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Regional air quality simulations were conducted for summers 2001-2005 in the eastern US and subjected to extensive evaluation using various ground and airborne measurements. A brief climate evaluation focused on transport by comparing modeled dominant map types with ones from reanalysis. Reasonable agreement was found for their frequency of occurrence and distinctness of circulation patterns. The two most frequent map types from reanalysis were the Bermuda High (22%) and passage of a Canadian cold frontal over the northeastern US (20%). The model captured their frequency of occurrence at 25% and 18% respectively. The simulated five average distributions of 1-h ozone (O3) daily maxima using the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system reproduced salient features in observations. This suggests that the ability of the regional climate model to depict transport processes accurately is critical for reasonable simulations of surface O3. Comparison of mean bias, root mean square error, and index of agreement for CMAQ summer surface 8-h O3 daily maxima and observations showed -0.6±14 nmol/mol, 14 nmol/mol, and 71% respectively. CMAQ performed best in moderately polluted conditions and less satisfactorily in highly polluted ones. This highlights the common problem of overestimating/ underestimating lower/higher modeled O3 levels. Diagnostic analysis suggested that significant overestimation of inland nighttime low O3 mixing ratios may be attributed to underestimates of nitric oxide (NO) emissions at night. The absence of the second daily peak in simulations for the Appledore Island marine site possibly resulted from coarse grid resolution misrepresentation of land surface type. Comparison with shipboard measurements suggested that CMAQ has an inherent problem of underpredicting O3 levels in continental outflow. Modeled O3 vertical profiles exhibited a lack of structure indicating that key processes missing from CMAQ, such as lightning produced NO and stratospheric intrusions, are important for accurate upper tropospheric representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Summer
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 47791315; Mao, H. 1; Email Address: hmao@gust.sr.unh.edu; Chen, M. 2; Hegarty, J. D. 1; Talbot, R. W. 1; Koermer, J. P. 3; Thompson, A. M. 4; Avery, M. A. 5; Affiliations: 1: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, Climate Change Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, 03824, New Hampshire, USA; 2: Earth and Sun Systems Laboratory, National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, 80305, Colorado, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric Science & Chemistry, Plymouth State University, Plymouth, 03264, New Hampshire, USA; 4: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 16802, Pennsylvania, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Hampton, 23681, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p9; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Summer; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guan, H.
AU  - Esswein, R.
AU  - Lopez, J.
AU  - Bergstrom, R.
AU  - Warnock, A.
AU  - Follette-Cook, M.
AU  - Fromm4, M.
AU  - Iraci2, L.
T1  - A multi-decadal history of biomass burning plume heights identified using aerosol index measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We have quantified the relationship between Aerosol Index (AI) measurements and plume height for young biomass burning plumes using coincident OMI and CALIPSO measurements. This linear relationship allows the determination of high-altitude plumes wherever 5 AI data are available, and it provides a data set for validating global fire plume injection heights in chemistry transport models. We find that all plumes detected from June 2006 to February 2009 with an AI value ⩾9 are located at altitudes higher than 5 km. Older high-altitude plumes have lower AI values than young plumes at similar altitudes. We have examined available AI data from the OMI and TOMS instruments (1978-2009) and find that large AI plumes occur more frequently over North America than over Australia or Russia/Northeast Asia. According to the derived relationship, during this time interval, 181 plumes reached altitudes above 8 km. One hundred and thirty-two had injection heights ⩾ 8 km but below 12 km, and 49 were lofted to 12 km or higher, including 14 plumes injected above 16 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass stoves
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Australia
KW  - North America
N1  - Accession Number: 49005808; Guan, H. 1,2; Email Address: hong.guan-1@nasa.gov; Esswein, R. 1,2; Lopez, J. 1,2; Bergstrom, R. 1,2; Warnock, A. 3; Follette-Cook, M. 4,5; Fromm4, M.; Iraci2, L.; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 4: Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA; 5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Biomass stoves; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Subject: Australia; Subject: North America; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dikty, S.
AU  - Schmidt, H.
AU  - Weber, M.
AU  - von Savigny, C.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
T1  - Daytime ozone and temperature variations in the mesosphere: a comparison between SABER observations and HAMMONIA model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2005
EP  - 2029
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The scope of this paper is to investigate the latest version 1.07 SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) tropical ozone from the 1.27 μm as well as from the 9.6 μm retrieval and temperature data with respect to day-time variations in the upper mesosphere. For a better understanding of the processes involved we compare these daytime variations to the output of the three-dimensional general circulation and chemistry model HAMMONIA (Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere). The results show good agreement for ozone. The amplitude of daytime variations is in both cases approximately 60% of the daytime mean. During equinox the daytime maximum ozone abundance is for both, the observations and the model, higher than during solstice, especially above 80 km. We also use the HAMMONIA output of daytime variation patterns of several other different trace gas species, e.g., water vapor and atomic oxygen, to discuss the daytime pattern in ozone. In contrast to ozone, temperature data show little daytime variations between 65 and 90 km and their amplitudes are on the order of less than 1.5%. In addition, SABER and HAMMONIA temperatures show significant differences above 80 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
N1  - Accession Number: 49005867; Dikty, S. 1; Email Address: dikty@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de; Schmidt, H. 2; Weber, M. 1; von Savigny, C. 1; Mlynczak, M. G. 3; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen, Germany; 2: Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p2005; Thesaurus Term: Mesosphere; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Radiation measurements; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105044878
T1  - Accuracy of advanced versus strictly conventional 12-lead ECG for detection and screening of coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular systolic dysfunction.
AU  - Schlegel TT
AU  - Kulecz WB
AU  - Feiveson AH
AU  - Greco EC
AU  - DePalma JL
AU  - Starc V
AU  - Vrtovec B
AU  - Rahman MA
AU  - Bungo MW
AU  - Hayat MJ
AU  - Bauch T
AU  - Delgado R
AU  - Warren SG
AU  - Núñez-Medina T
AU  - Medina R
AU  - Jugo D
AU  - Arheden H
AU  - Pahlm O
Y1  - 2010/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 105044878. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110429. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100968539. 
KW  - Coronary Arteriosclerosis -- Diagnosis
KW  - Electrocardiography -- Methods
KW  - Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular -- Diagnosis
KW  - Study Design
KW  - Ventricular Dysfunction, Left -- Diagnosis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Aged
KW  - Coronary Arteriosclerosis -- Physiopathology
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular -- Physiopathology
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Predictive Value of Tests
KW  - Retrospective Design
KW  - Sensitivity and Specificity
KW  - Ventricular Dysfunction, Left -- Physiopathology
SP  - 28
EP  - 28
JO  - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
JF  - BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
JA  - BMC CARDIOVASC DISORD
VL  - 10
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 1471-2261
AD  - Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA. todd.t.schlegel@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 20565702.
DO  - 10.1186/1471-2261-10-28
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
T1  - Quasi-steady flame standoff ratios during methanol droplet combustion in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 157
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 204
EP  - 205
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Recently, Aharon and Shaw developed a simplified analytical expression to predict quasi-steady flame stand-off ratios for alkane fuels. Their analysis is strictly valid only for alkane-type fuels where there is no reabsorption of flame generated species back into the droplet. In this note we show that Aharon and Shaw’s analysis can be extended to methanol droplet combustion where water generated at the flame-sheet is absorbed back into the droplet. The model predictions are shown to compare well with available experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 45545434; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jan2010, Vol. 157 Issue 1, p204; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.09.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - APPLICATION OF SPACESUIT GLOVE PERFORMANCE TESTS TO ATHLETIC AND PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.
AU  - England, Scott
AU  - Benson, Elizabeth
AU  - Mesloh, Miranda
AU  - Thompson, Shelby
AU  - Rajulu, Sudhakar
JO  - Conference Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics
JF  - Conference Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics
Y1  - 2010/01//
SP  - 29
EP  - 30
N1  - Accession Number: 63238486; Author: England, Scott: 1 email: scott.a.england@nasa.gov. Author: Benson, Elizabeth: 1 Author: Mesloh, Miranda: 2 Author: Thompson, Shelby: 2 Author: Rajulu, Sudhakar: 3 ; Author Affiliation: 1 MEI Technologies, Inc, Anthropometry & Biomechanics Facility, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX, USA: 2 Lockheed Martin, Anthropometry & Biomechanics Facility, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX, USA: 3 Anthropometry & Biomechanics Facility, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX, USA; No. of Pages: 2; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20110728
N2  - The article discusses a study of the application of hand strength and fingertip mobility tests to commercially available athletic and personal protective equipment. The researchers evaluates the mobility of several gloves, which included a ski glove, baseball mitt (BM), and 4000-series extra-vehicular activity glove, by attaching retroreflective markers to the tips of the index and middle fingers and in an array to the back of the subject's dominant hand. They found that the BM was the worst performing glove for mobility.
KW  - *SPORTING goods
KW  - *PROTECTIVE clothing
KW  - *HAND
KW  - *FINGERS
KW  - TESTING
KW  - GLOVES
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - GAIT CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMULATED LUNAR LOCOMOTION.
AU  - Hanson, Andrea
AU  - Gilkey, Kelly
AU  - Weaver, Aaron
AU  - Perusek, Gail
AU  - Thorndike, David
AU  - Kutnick, Gilead
AU  - Grodsinsky, Carlos
AU  - Rice, Andrea
AU  - Cavanagh, Peter
JO  - Conference Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics
JF  - Conference Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics
Y1  - 2010/01//
SP  - 383
EP  - 384
N1  - Accession Number: 63238664; Author: Hanson, Andrea: 1 Author: Gilkey, Kelly: 2 Author: Weaver, Aaron: 2 Author: Perusek, Gail: 2 Author: Thorndike, David: 3 Author: Kutnick, Gilead: 3 Author: Grodsinsky, Carlos: 3 Author: Rice, Andrea: 1 Author: Cavanagh, Peter: 1 email: cavanagh@uw.edu. ; Author Affiliation: 1 University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA: 2 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA: 3 ZIN Technologies, Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA; No. of Pages: 2; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20110728
N2  - The article explores gait parameters that are conducive to be used in simulated lunar locomotion that allows full potential of the musculoskeletal muscle. An accelerometer-based system was devised by the authors to be worn on the body during simulated lunar movement and it was fitted with an artificial neural network that is responsible for recognizing activity from feature-characteristics. According to authors, successful completion of the algorithm they used in the study can help monitor bone health among astronauts on remote missions.
KW  - *GAIT in humans
KW  - *LOCOMOTION
KW  - *MUSCLES
KW  - *ACCELEROMETERS
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - MELTON, FORREST
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - MILESI, CRISTINA
AU  - WEILE WANG
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Evaluating the impacts of climate and elevated carbon dioxide on tropical rainforests of the western Amazon basin using ecosystem models and satellite data.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 271
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Forest inventories from the intact rainforests of the Amazon indicate increasing rates of carbon gain over the past three decades. However, such estimates have been questioned because of the poor spatial representation of the sampling plots and the incomplete understanding of purported mechanisms behind the increases in biomass. Ecosystem models, when used in conjunction with satellite data, are useful in examining the carbon budgets in regions where the observations of carbon flows are sparse. The purpose of this study is to explain observed trends in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using climate observations and ecosystem models of varying complexity in the western Amazon basin for the period of 1984–2002. We first investigated trends in NDVI and found a positive trend during the study period, but the positive trend in NDVI was observed only in the months from August to December. Then, trends in various climate parameters were calculated, and of the climate variables considered, only shortwave radiation was found to have a corresponding significant positive trend. To compare the impact of each climate component, as well as increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, on evergreen forests in the Amazon, we ran three ecosystem models (CASA, Biome-BGC, and LPJ), and calculated monthly net primary production by changing a climate component selected from the available climate datasets. As expected, CO2 fertilization effects showed positive trends throughout the year and cannot explain the positive trend in NDVI, which was observed only for the months of August to December. Through these simulations, we demonstrated that the positive trend in shortwave radiation can explain the positive trend in NDVI observed for the period from August to December. We conclude that the positive trend in shortwave radiation is the most likely driver of the increasing trend in NDVI and the corresponding observed increases in forest biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Rain forests
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Forest biomass
KW  - Fertilization of forest soils
KW  - Environmental indicators
KW  - Effect of radiation on plants
KW  - Biocomplexity
KW  - Forest productivity -- Climatic factors
KW  - Amazon River Valley
KW  - Amazon
KW  - ecosystem model
KW  - NDVI
KW  - NPP
N1  - Accession Number: 45546426; HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 1,2; Email Address: hirofumi.hashimoto@gmail.com; MELTON, FORREST 1,2; ICHII, KAZUHITO 3; MILESI, CRISTINA 1,2; WEILE WANG 1,2; NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 2; Affiliations: 1: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan; Issue Info: Jan2010, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p255; Thesaurus Term: Rain forests; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Forest biomass; Thesaurus Term: Fertilization of forest soils; Thesaurus Term: Environmental indicators; Thesaurus Term: Effect of radiation on plants; Thesaurus Term: Biocomplexity; Subject Term: Forest productivity -- Climatic factors; Subject: Amazon River Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem model; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: NPP; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01921.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zalk, David M.
AU  - Kamerzell, Ryan
AU  - Paik, Samuel
AU  - Kapp, Jennifer
AU  - Harrington, Diana
AU  - Swuste, Paul
T1  - Risk Level Based Management System: A Control Banding Model for Occupational Health and Safety Risk Management in a Highly Regulated Environment.
JO  - Industrial Health
JF  - Industrial Health
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 28
SN  - 00198366
AB  - The article focuses on a study about the Risk Level Based Management System (RLBMS), an occupational risk management (ORM) model related to occupational safety, hygiene, and health (OSHH) resources for hazardous procedures at work. The model categorizes the risk levels (RLs) and characterizes the risks for commonly performed activities. The RLBMS tracks the activities, increases OSHH work time and presents control measures to a RLs for a task.
KW  - Industrial safety
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Work-related injuries
KW  - Hazardous occupations
KW  - Information modeling
KW  - Control banding
KW  - Occupational health and safety management system
KW  - Occupational risk management,
KW  - Participatory
KW  - Qualitative risk assessment
KW  - Risk level approach
KW  - Toolbox
N1  - Accession Number: 77412099; Zalk, David M. 1; Email Address: zalk1@llnl.gov; Kamerzell, Ryan 1; Paik, Samuel 1; Kapp, Jennifer 1; Harrington, Diana 2; Swuste, Paul 3; Affiliations: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, L-871, Livermore, CA 94551, USA; 2: Consolidated Safety Services, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Delft University of Technology, Safety Science Group, P.O. Box 5015, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p18; Thesaurus Term: Industrial safety; Thesaurus Term: Risk assessment; Subject Term: Work-related injuries; Subject Term: Hazardous occupations; Subject Term: Information modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Control banding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Occupational health and safety management system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Occupational risk management,; Author-Supplied Keyword: Participatory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Qualitative risk assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Risk level approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Toolbox; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ratvasky, Thomas P.
AU  - Barnhart, Billy P.
AU  - Lee, Sam
T1  - Current Methods Modeling and Simulating Icing Effects on Aircraft Performance, Stability, Control.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
Y1  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 201
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Icing alters the shape and surface characteristics of aircraft components, which results in altered aerodynamic forces and moments caused by air flow over those iced components. The typical effects of icing are increased drag, reduced stall angle of attack, and reduced maximum lift. In addition to the performance changes, icing can also affect control surface effectiveness, hinge moments, and damping. These effects result in altered aircraft stability and control and flying qualities. Over the past 80 years, methods have been developed to understand how icing affects performance, stability, and control. Emphasis has been on wind-tunnel testing of two-dimensional subscale airfoils with various ice shapes to understand their effect on the flowfield and ultimately the aerodynamics. This research has led to wind-tunnel testing of subscale complete aircraft models to identify the integrated effects of icing on the aircraft system in terms of performance, stability, and control. Data sets of this nature enable pilot-in-the-loop simulations to be performed for pilot training or engineering evaluation of system failure impacts or control system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODELS & modelmaking
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 48549106; Source Information: Jan/Feb2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p201; Subject Term: MODELS & modelmaking; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.44650
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Bragg, Michael B.
AU  - Addy Jr., Harold E.
AU  - Lee, Sam
AU  - Moens, Frédéric
AU  - Guffond, Didier
T1  - Effect of High-Fidelity Ice-Accretion Simulations on Full-Scale Airfoil Performance.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
Y1  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 240
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The simulation of ice accretion on a wing or other surface is often required for aerodynamic evaluation, particularly at small scale or low Reynolds number. Although there are commonly accepted practices for ice simulation, there are no established and validated guidelines. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of an experimental study establishing a high-fidelity, full-scale, iced-airfoil aerodynamic performance database. This research was conducted as a part of a larger program with the goal of developing subscale aerodynamic simulation methods for iced airfoils. Airfoil performance testing was carried out at the ONERA F1 pressurized wind tunnel using a 72 in. (1828.8 mm) chord NACA 23012 airfoil over a Reynolds number range of 4:5 x 106 to 16:0 x 106 and a Mach number range of 0.10 to 0.28. The high-fidelity ice-casting simulations had a significant impact on the aerodynamic performance. A spanwise-ridge ice shape resulted in a maximum lift coefficient of 0.56 compared with the clean value of 1.85 at Re = 15:9 x 106 and M = 0:20. Two roughness and streamwise shapes yielded maximum lift values in the range of 1.09 to 1.28, which was a relatively small variation compared with the differences in the ice geometry. The stalling characteristics of the two roughness ice simulations and one streamwise ice simulation maintained the abrupt leading-edge stall type of the clean NACA 23012 airfoil, despite the significant decrease in maximum lift. Changes in Reynolds and Mach numbers over the large range tested had little effect on the iced-airfoil performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 48549110; Source Information: Jan/Feb2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p240; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.45203
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - De Young, Russell
AU  - Chu, D. Allen
T1  - A Study of Air Quality in the Southeastern Hampton–Norfolk–Virginia Beach Region with Airborne Lidar Measurements and MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 19
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - A study of air quality was performed using a compact, aircraft aerosol lidar designed in the Science Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals. Five flights of lidar measurements conducted in the Hampton–Norfolk–Virginia Beach, Virginia, region showed complex regional aerosol distributions. Comparisons with MODIS AOD at 10 km × 10 km and 5 km × 5 km resolutions show good agreement, with correlation R2 values of 0.82 and 0.88, respectively. Linear regressions of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and AOD within the ranges of 5–40 μg m-3 and 0.05–0.7, respectively, result in R2 values of ∼0.64 and ∼0.82 for MODIS and the Compact Aerosol Lidar, respectively. The linear regressions reflect approximately 51 μg m-3 to 1 AOD. These relationships are in agreement with previous findings for air pollution aerosols in the eastern United States and in northern Italy. However, large vertical variation is seen case by case, with planetary boundary layer heights ranging between 0.7 and 2 km and uncertainties ranging between 0.1 and 0.4 km. The results of the case studies suggest that AOD can be used as an indicator of surface measurements of PM2.5 but with larger uncertainties associated with small aerosol loading (AOD < 0.3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 48008371; Lewis, Jasper 1; Email Address: jasper.r.lewis@nasa.gov; De Young, Russell 2; Chu, D. Allen 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Atmospheric Science, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Jan2010, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p3; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAMC2119.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Wilber, Anne C.
AU  - Sothcott, Victor E.
T1  - Validation of the CERES Edition 2B Surface-Only Flux Algorithms.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 164
EP  - 180
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project uses two shortwave (SW) and two longwave (LW) algorithms to derive surface radiative fluxes on an instantaneous footprint basis from a combination of top-of-atmosphere fluxes, ancillary meteorological data, and retrieved cloud properties. Since the CERES project examines the radiative forcings and feedbacks for Earth’s entire climate system, validation of these models for a wide variety of surface conditions is paramount. The present validation effort focuses upon the ability of these surface-only flux algorithms to produce accurate CERES Edition 2B single scanner footprint data from the Terra and Aqua spacecraft measurements. To facilitate the validation process, high-quality radiometric surface observations have been acquired that were coincident with the CERES-derived surface fluxes. For both SW models, systematic errors range from -20 to -12 W m-2 (from -2.8% to -1.6%) for global clear-sky cases, while for the all-sky SW model, the systematic errors range from 14 to 21 W m-2 (3.2%–4.8%) for global cloudy-sky cases. Larger systematic errors were seen for the individual surface types, and significant random errors where observed, especially for cloudy-sky cases. While the SW models nearly achieved the 20 W m-2 accuracy requirements established for climate research, further improvements are warranted. For the clear-sky LW model, systematic errors were observed to fall within ±5.4 W m-2 (±1.9%) except for the polar case in which systematic errors on the order from -15 to -11 W m-2 (from -13% to -7.2%) occurred. For the all-sky LW model, systematic errors were less than ±9.2 W m-2 (±7.6%) for both the clear-sky and cloudy-sky cases. The random errors were less than 17 W m-2 (6.2%) for clear-sky cases and 28 W m-2 (13%) for cloudy-sky cases, except for the desert cases in which very high surface skin temperatures caused an overestimation in the model-calculated surface fluxes. Overall, however, the LW models met the accuracy requirements for climate research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Computer software
N1  - Accession Number: 48008364; Kratz, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.kratz@nasa.gov; Gupta, Shashi K. 2; Wilber, Anne C. 2; Sothcott, Victor E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Systems Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan2010, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p164; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Computer software; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAMC2246.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Oxidative stress and gamma radiation-induced cancellous bone loss with musculoskeletal disuse.
AU  - Kondo, Hisataka
AU  - Yumoto, Kenji
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Mojarrab, Rose
AU  - Wang, Angela
AU  - Almeida, Eduardo A. C.
AU  - Searby, Nancy D.
AU  - Limoli, Charles L.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 108
IS  - 1
SP  - 152
EP  - 161
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 47658390; Author: Kondo, Hisataka: 1,2 Author: Yumoto, Kenji: 1,2 Author: Alwood, Joshua S.: 1 Author: Mojarrab, Rose: 1 Author: Wang, Angela: 1 Author: Almeida, Eduardo A. C.: 1 Author: Searby, Nancy D.: 1 Author: Limoli, Charles L.: 2 Author: Globus, Ruth K.: 1 email: Ruth.K.Globus@NASA.gov. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Irvine, California: 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California; No. of Pages: 10; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20100122
N2  - Exposure of astronauts in space to radiation during weightlessness may contribute to subsequent bone loss. Gamma irradiation of postpubertal mice rapidly increases the number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts and causes bone loss in cancellous tissue; similar changes occur in skeletal diseases associated with oxidative stress. Therefore, we hypothesized that increased oxidative stress mediates radiation-induced bone loss and that musculoskeletal disuse changes the sensitivity of cancellous tissue to radiation exposure. Musculoskeletal disuse by hindlimb unloading (1 or 2 wk) or total body gamma irradiation (1 or 2 Gy of 137Cs) of 4-mo-old, male C57BL/6 mice each decreased cancellous bone volume fraction in the proximal tibiae and lumbar vertebrae. The extent of radiation-induced acute cancellous bone loss in tibiae and lumbar vertebrae was similar in normally loaded and hindlimbunloaded mice. Similarly, osteoclast surface in the tibiae increased 46% as a result of irradiation, 47% as a result of hindlimb unloading, and 64% as a result of irradiation + hindlimb unloading compared with normally loaded mice. Irradiation, but not hindlimb unloading, reduced viability and increased apoptosis of marrow cells and caused oxidative damage to lipids within mineralized tissue. Irradiation also stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species in marrow cells. Furthermore, injection of α-lipoic acid, an antioxidant, mitigated the acute bone loss caused by irradiation. Together, these results showed that disuse and gamma irradiation, alone or in combination, caused a similar degree of acute cancellous bone loss and shared a common cellular mechanism of increased bone resorption. Furthermore, irradiation, but not disuse, may increase the number of osteoclasts and the extent of acute bone loss via increased reactive oxygen species production and ensuing oxidative damage, implying different molecular mechanisms. The finding that α-lipoic acid protected cancellous tissue from the detrimental effects of irradiation has potential relevance to astronauts and radiotherapy patients. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - *WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - *APOPTOSIS
KW  - *ACTIVE oxygen
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - OSTEOCLASTS
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - LIPOIC acid
KW  - α-lipoic acid
KW  - hindlimb unloading
KW  - osteopenia
KW  - spaceflight
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Rachel T.
AU  - Montgomery, Douglas C.
AU  - Jones, Bradley
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Comparing Computer Experiments for Fitting High-Order Polynomial Metamodels.
JO  - Journal of Quality Technology
JF  - Journal of Quality Technology
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 102
SN  - 00224065
AB  - The use of simulation as a modeling and analysis tool is wide spread. Simulation is an enabling tool for experimenting virtually on a validated computer environment. Often the underlying function for a computer experiment result has too much curvature to be adequately modeled by a low-order polynomial. In such cases, finding an appropriate experimental design is not easy. We evaluate several computer experiments assuming the modeler is interested in fitting a high-order polynomial to the response data considering both optimal and space-filling designs. We also introduce a new class of hybrid designs that can be used for deterministic or stochastic simulation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quality Technology is the property of American Society for Quality, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
KW  - OPTIMAL designs (Statistics)
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
KW  - Optimal Design
KW  - Response Surface
KW  - Space-Filling Design
N1  - Accession Number: 47843542; Johnson, Rachel T. 1; Montgomery, Douglas C. 2; Jones, Bradley 3; Parker, Peter A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Naval Postgraduate School, Operations Research Department, Monterey, California 93943, USA; 2: Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5906, USA; 3: SAS Institute, SAS Campus Drive, Cary, North Carolina 27513, USA; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia p3681, USA; Issue Info: Jan2010, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p86; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Subject Term: OPTIMAL designs (Statistics); Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space-Filling Design; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - UNPB
AU  - Wolpert, David
AU  - Bono, James
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center
AD  - Department of Economics, American University
T1  - A theory of unstructured bargaining using distribution-valued solution concepts
PB  - American University, Department of Economics, Working Papers: 2010-14
Y1  - 2010///
AV  - Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org
N1  - Accession Number: 1146059; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201101
N2  - In experiments it is typically found that many joint utility outcomes arise in any given unstructured bargaining game. This suggests using a positive unstructured bargaining concept that maps a bargaining game to a probability distribution over outcomes rather than to a single outcome. We show how to "translate" Nash's bargaining axioms to apply to such distributional bargaining concepts. We then prove that a subset of those axioms forces the distribution over outcomes to be a power-law. Unlike Nash's original result, our result holds even if the feasible set is finite. When the feasible set is convex and comprehensive, the mode of the power law distribution is the Harsanyi bargaining solution, and if we require symmetry it is the Nash bargaining solution. However in general these modes of the joint utility distribution are not Bayes-optimal predictions for the joint uitlity, nor are the bargains corresponding to those outcomes the most likely bargains. We then show how an external regulator can use distributional solution concepts to optimally design an unstructured bargaining scenario. Throughout we demonstrate our analysis in computational experiments involving flight rerouting negotiations in the National Airspace System.
L3  - http://www.american.edu/cas/economics/pdf/upload/2010-14.pdf
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UR  - http://www.american.edu/cas/economics/pdf/upload/2010-14.pdf
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - UNPB
AU  - Wolpert, David
AU  - Bono, James
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center
AD  - Department of Economics, American University
T1  - Distribution-Valued Solution Concepts
PB  - American University, Department of Economics, Working Papers: 2010-13
Y1  - 2010///
AV  - Availability Note: Information provided in collaboration with the RePEc Project: http://repec.org
N1  - Accession Number: 1146062; Keywords: Quantal Response Equilibrium, Bayesian Statistics, Entropic prior, Maximum entropy; Publication Type: Working Paper; Update Code: 201101
KW  - Mathematical Methods          C02
KW  - Bayesian Analysis: General          C11
KW  - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory: General          C70
KW  - Noncooperative Games          C72
L3  - http://www.american.edu/cas/economics/pdf/upload/2010-13.pdf
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1146062&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.american.edu/cas/economics/pdf/upload/2010-13.pdf
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Haque, Obaidul
AU  - Micijevic, Esad
AU  - Barsi, Julia A.
T1  - A Procedure for Radiometric Recalibration of Landsat 5 TM Reflective-Band Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2010/01/02/Jan2010 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 574
SN  - 01962892
AB  - From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has been benefiting from a historical record of remotely sensed data. The multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone for this extensive archive. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure for the L5 TM imagery used the detectors' response to the internal calibrator (IC) on a scene-by-scene basis to determine the gain and offset for each detector. The IC system degraded with time, causing radiometric calibration errors up to 20%. In May 2003, the L5 TM data processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center through the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) were updated to use a lifetime lookup-table (LUT) gain model to radiometrically calibrate TM data instead of using scene-specific IC gains. Further modification of the gain model was performed in 2007. The L5 TM data processed using IC prior to the calibration update do not benefit from the recent calibration revisions. A procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing level-1 products. The best recalibration results are obtained if the work-order report that was included in the original standard data product delivery is available. However, if users do not have the original work-order report, the IC trends can be used for recalibration. The IC trends were generated using the radiometric gain trends recorded in the NLAPS database. This paper provides the details of the recalibration procedure for the following: 1) data processed using IC where users have the work-order file; 2) data processed using IC where users do not have the work-order file; 3) data processed using prelaunch calibration parameters; and 4) data processed using the previous version of the LUT (e.g., LUT03) that was released before April 2, 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Bias
KW  - calibration
KW  - gain
KW  - internal calibrator (IC)
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM)
KW  - Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)
KW  - lookup table (LUT)
KW  - National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS)
KW  - recalibration
KW  - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
KW  - GEOLOGICAL Survey (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 48041771; Chander, Gyanesh 1; Email Address: gchander@usgs.gov; Haque, Obaidul 1; Micijevic, Esad 1; Barsi, Julia A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies (SGT), Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Issue Info: Jan2010 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p556; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bias; Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: gain; Author-Supplied Keyword: internal calibrator (IC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+); Author-Supplied Keyword: lookup table (LUT); Author-Supplied Keyword: National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS); Author-Supplied Keyword: recalibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) ; Company/Entity: GEOLOGICAL Survey (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2026166
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lambin, Juliette
AU  - Morrow, Rosemary
AU  - Lee-Lueng Fu
AU  - Willis, Josh K.
AU  - Bonekamp, Hans
AU  - Lillibridge, John
AU  - Perbos, Jacqueline
AU  - Zaouche, Gérard
AU  - Vaze, Parag
AU  - Bannoura, Walid
AU  - Parisot, François
AU  - Thouvenot, Eric
AU  - Coutin-Faye, Sophie
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric
AU  - Mignogno, Mike
T1  - The OSTM/Jason-2 Mission.
JO  - Marine Geodesy
JF  - Marine Geodesy
Y1  - 2010/01/02/
VL  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 25
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01490419
AB  - The Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 (OSTM/Jason-2) satellite altimetry mission was successfully launched on June 20, 2008, as a cooperative mission between CNES, EUMETSAT, NASA, and NOAA. OSTM/Jason-2 will continue to precisely measure the surface topography of the oceans and continental surface waters, following on the same orbit as its predecessors, TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1. To maintain the high-accuracy measurements, the mission carries a dual-frequency altimeter, a three-frequency microwave radiometer, and three precise positioning systems. The objectives of the mission are both operational and scientific. The mission will provide near-real time high-precision altimetric measurements for integration into ocean forecasting models and other products. The mission will also extend the precise surface topography time series started by TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992 over two decades in order to study long-term ocean variations such as mean sea level variations and interannual and decadal oscillations. The measurement system has been adapted to provide quality data nearer to the coasts, and over lakes and rivers. This paper provides an overview of the OSTM/Jason-2 mission in terms of the system design and a brief introduction to the science objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Geodesy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Submarine topography
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Altimeters
KW  - United States
KW  - operational oceanography
KW  - Satellite altimetry
KW  - sea level
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 52815373; Lambin, Juliette 1; Morrow, Rosemary 2; Email Address: Rosemary.Morrow@legos.obs-mip.fr; Lee-Lueng Fu 3; Willis, Josh K. 3; Bonekamp, Hans 4; Lillibridge, John 5; Perbos, Jacqueline 1; Zaouche, Gérard 1; Vaze, Parag 3; Bannoura, Walid 5; Parisot, François 4; Thouvenot, Eric 1; Coutin-Faye, Sophie 1; Lindstrom, Eric 6; Mignogno, Mike 5; Affiliations: 1: Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France.; 2: Laboratoire des Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale (LEGOS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France.; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.; 4: European Organization for Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Darmstadt, Germany.; 5: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington, D.C., USA.; Issue Info: Supplement 2010, Vol. 33, p4; Thesaurus Term: Submarine topography; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject Term: Altimeters; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: operational oceanography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea level ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01490419.2010.491030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wintucky, E. G.
AU  - Simons, R. N.
AU  - Chevalier, C. T.
AU  - Freeman, J. C.
T1  - Ka-band high efficiency asymmetric MMIC power combiner for space communications.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2010/01/07/
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 93
SN  - 00135194
AB  - A novel Ka-band (32.05±0.25 GHz) high efficiency asymmetric waveguide four-port combiner for coherent combining of two monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers having unequal outputs has been successfully designed, fabricated and characterised. The measured combiner efficiency is greater than 90%, the return loss greater than 18 dB and isolation greater than 22 dB. Applications considered are NASA's space communications systems needing 8–15 W of RF power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - POWER amplifiers
KW  - MICROWAVE circuits
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 47416332; Wintucky, E. G. 1; Email Address: Edwin.G.Wintucky@nasa.gov; Simons, R. N. 1; Chevalier, C. T. 2; Freeman, J. C. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; 2: QinetiQ North America, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Issue Info: 1/7/2010, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p91; Thesaurus Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: POWER amplifiers; Subject Term: MICROWAVE circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2010.2742
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larar, A. M.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Zhou, D. K.
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Revercomb, H.
AU  - Taylor, J. P.
AU  - Newman, S. M.
AU  - Schlüssel, P.
T1  - IASI spectral radiance validation inter-comparisons: case study assessment from the JAIVEx field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/01/15/
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 411
EP  - 430
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with well-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed- Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - Fourier transform spectroscopy
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Case studies
N1  - Accession Number: 48130479; Larar, A. M. 1; Email Address: allen.m.larar@nasa.gov; Smith, W. L. 2,3; Zhou, D. K. 1; Liu, X. 1; Revercomb, H. 3; Taylor, J. P. 4; Newman, S. M. 4; Schlüssel, P. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 4: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, UK; 5: EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p411; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Global environmental change; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: Fourier transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Case studies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 17 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malone, Jessica L.
AU  - Castro, M. Clara
AU  - Hall, Chris M.
AU  - Doran, Peter T.
AU  - Kenig, Fabien
AU  - McKay, Chris P.
T1  - New insights into the origin and evolution of Lake Vida, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica — A noble gas study in ice and brines
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2010/01/15/
VL  - 289
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 122
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Unlike other lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Lake Vida has a thick (~19m) ice cover sealing a liquid brine body of unusually high salinity (~245g/L) from the atmosphere. To constrain the conditions under which the atypical Lake Vida ice cover formed and evolved, 19 ice samples were collected down to a depth of ~14m, together with three brine samples trapped in the ice at ~16m for analysis of helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon concentrations. The broad pattern of noble gas concentrations for Lake Vida samples is fundamentally different from that of air saturated water (ASW) at 0°C and an elevation of 340m for salinities of 0 (ice) and 245g/L (brine). Overall, ice samples are enriched in He and depleted in Ne with saturation relative to ASW averages of 1.38 and 0.82, respectively, and strongly depleted in Ar, Kr, and Xe with relative saturations of 0.10, 0.06, and 0.05, respectively. By contrast, brine samples are generally depleted in He and Ne (relative saturation averages of 0.33 and 0.27, respectively) but enriched in Ar, Kr, and Xe, with relative saturation averages of 1.45, 3.15, and 8.86, respectively. A three-phase freezing partitioning model generating brine, ice and bubble concentrations for all stable noble gases was tested and compared with our data. Measured brine values are best reproduced for a salinity value of 175g/L, a pressure of 1.1atm, and a bubble volume of 20cm3 kg−1. Sensitivity tests for ice+bubble samples show an ideal fit for bubble volumes of ~1–2cm3 kg−1. Our results show that the conditions under which ice and brine formed and evolved at Lake Vida are significantly different from other ice-covered lakes in the area. Our brine data suggest that Lake Vida may be transitioning from a wet to a dry-based lake, while the ice+bubble data suggest at least partial re-equilibration of residual liquid with the atmosphere as ice forms at the top of Lake Vida ice cover. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Evolution (Biology)
KW  - Ice sheets
KW  - Geothermal brines
KW  - Lakes -- Antarctica
KW  - Noble gases
KW  - Microbial sensitivity tests
KW  - Krypton
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Lake Vida
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys
KW  - noble gases
KW  - three-phase partitioning model
N1  - Accession Number: 47361870; Malone, Jessica L. 1; Email Address: maloneje@umich.edu; Castro, M. Clara 1; Email Address: mccastro@umich.edu; Hall, Chris M. 1; Email Address: cmhall@umich.edu; Doran, Peter T. 2; Email Address: pdoran@uic.edu; Kenig, Fabien 2; Email Address: fkenig@uic.edu; McKay, Chris P. 3; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: University of Michigan, Department of Geological Sciences, 1100 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA; 2: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7059, USA; 3: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jan2010, Vol. 289 Issue 1/2, p112; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Evolution (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Ice sheets; Thesaurus Term: Geothermal brines; Subject Term: Lakes -- Antarctica; Subject Term: Noble gases; Subject Term: Microbial sensitivity tests; Subject Term: Krypton; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Vida; Author-Supplied Keyword: McMurdo Dry Valleys; Author-Supplied Keyword: noble gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: three-phase partitioning model; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.034
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=47361870&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper, O. R.
AU  - Parrish, D. D.
AU  - Stohl, A.
AU  - Trainer, M.
AU  - Nédélec, P.
AU  - Thouret, V.
AU  - Cammas, J. P.
AU  - Oltmans, S. J.
AU  - Johnson, B. J.
AU  - Tarasick, D.
AU  - Leblanc, T.
AU  - McDermid, I. S.
AU  - Jaffe, D.
AU  - Gao, R.
AU  - Stith, J.
AU  - Ryerson, T.
AU  - Aikin, K.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
T1  - Increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2010/01/21/
VL  - 463
IS  - 7279
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
EP  - 348
SN  - 00280836
AB  - In the lowermost layer of the atmosphere—the troposphere—ozone is an important source of the hydroxyl radical, an oxidant that breaks down most pollutants and some greenhouse gases. High concentrations of tropospheric ozone are toxic, however, and have a detrimental effect on human health and ecosystem productivity. Moreover, tropospheric ozone itself acts as an effective greenhouse gas. Much of the present tropospheric ozone burden is a consequence of anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors resulting in widespread increases in ozone concentrations since the late 1800s. At present, east Asia has the fastest-growing ozone precursor emissions. Much of the springtime east Asian pollution is exported eastwards towards western North America. Despite evidence that the exported Asian pollution produces ozone, no previous study has found a significant increase in free tropospheric ozone concentrations above the western USA since measurements began in the late 1970s. Here we compile springtime ozone measurements from many different platforms across western North America. We show a strong increase in springtime ozone mixing ratios during 1995–2008 and we have some additional evidence that a similar rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio has occurred since 1984. We find that the rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio is greatest when measurements are more heavily influenced by direct transport from Asia. Our result agrees with previous modelling studies, which indicate that global ozone concentrations should be increasing during the early part of the twenty-first century as a result of increasing precursor emissions, especially at northern mid-latitudes, with western North America being particularly sensitive to rising Asian emissions. We suggest that the observed increase in springtime background ozone mixing ratio may hinder the USA’s compliance with its ozone air quality standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Hydroxyl group
KW  - Electrochemical analysis
KW  - Ozonesondes
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - East Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 47623652; Cooper, O. R. 1,2; Email Address: owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov; Parrish, D. D. 2; Stohl, A. 3; Trainer, M. 2; Nédélec, P. 4; Thouret, V. 4; Cammas, J. P. 4; Oltmans, S. J. 2; Johnson, B. J. 2; Tarasick, D. 5; Leblanc, T. 6; McDermid, I. S. 6; Jaffe, D. 7; Gao, R. 2; Stith, J. 8; Ryerson, T. 2; Aikin, K. 1,2; Campos, T. 9; Weinheimer, A. 9; Avery, M. A. 10; Affiliations: 1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA; 2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA; 3: Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, PO Box 100, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway; 4: Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; 5: Experimental Studies Research Division, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada; 6: Table Mountain Facility, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24490 Table Mountain Road, Wrightwood, California 92397-0367, USA; 7: Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry, University of Washington-Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, Washington 98011-8246, USA; 8: NCAR Research Aviation Facility, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 10802 Airport Court, Broomfield, Colorado 80021, USA; 9: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3000, USA; 10: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: 1/21/2010, Vol. 463 Issue 7279, p344; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Tropospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; Subject Term: Electrochemical analysis; Subject Term: Ozonesondes; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject: East Asia; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature08708
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Kurtoglu, Tolga1, tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov
AU  - Swantner, Albert2
AU  - Campbell, Matthew I.2
T1  - Automating the conceptual design process: "From black box to component selection".
JO  - AI EDAM
JF  - AI EDAM
J1  - AI EDAM
PY  - 2010/02//
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
CP  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 62
SN  - 08900604
AB  - Conceptual design is a vital part of the design process during which designers first envision new ideas and then synthesize them into physical configurations that meet certain design specifications. In this research, a suite of computational tools is developed that assists the designers in performing this nontrivial task of navigating the design space for creating conceptual design solutions. The methodology is based on automating the function-based synthesis paradigm by combining various computational methods. Accordingly, three nested search algorithms are developed and integrated to capture different design decisions at various stages of conceptual design. The implemented system provides a method for automatically generating novel alternative solutions to real design problems. The application of the approach to the design of an electromechanical device shows the method's range of capabilities and how it serves as a comparison to human conceptual design generation and as a tool suite to complement the skills of a designer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - Architectural design
KW  - Design
KW  - Designers
KW  - Engineering design
KW  - CAD/CAM systems -- Software
KW  - Automation
KW  - Electromechanical devices
KW  - Engineering
KW  - Electromechanical technology
KW  - Automated Design
KW  - Concept Generation
KW  - Functional Design
KW  - Graph Grammars
N1  - Accession Number: 47907076; Authors: Kurtoglu, Tolga 1 Email Address: tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov; Swantner, Albert 2; Campbell, Matthew I. 2; Affiliations:  1: Mission Critical Technologies, NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, California, USA;  2: Automated Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA; Subject: CAD/CAM systems -- Software; Subject: Automation; Subject: Architectural design; Subject: Electromechanical devices; Subject: Design; Subject: Designers; Subject: Engineering; Subject: Electromechanical technology; Subject: Engineering design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automated Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Concept Generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graph Grammars; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Record Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0890060409990163
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=47907076&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fisher, J. A.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Purdy, M. T.
AU  - Kopacz, M.
AU  - Le Sager, P.
AU  - Carouge, C.
AU  - Holmes, C. D.
AU  - Yantosca, R. M.
AU  - Batchelor, R. L.
AU  - Strong, K.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Holloway, J. S.
AU  - Hyer, E. J.
AU  - McMillan, W. W.
AU  - Warner, J.
AU  - Streets, D. G.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Wu, S.
T1  - Source attribution and interannual variability of Arctic pollution in spring constrained by aircraft (ARCTAS, ARCPAC) and satellite (AIRS) observations of carbon monoxide.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 977
EP  - 996
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use aircraft observations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC campaigns in April 2008 together with multiyear (2003-2008) CO satellite data from the AIRS instrument and a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to better understand the sources, transport, and interannual variability of pollution in the Arctic in spring. Model simulation of the aircraft data gives best estimates of CO emissions in April 2008 of 26 Tg month-1 for Asian anthropogenic, 9.4 for European anthropogenic, 4.1 for North American anthropogenic, 15 for Russian biomass burning (anomalously large that year), and 23 for Southeast Asian biomass burning. We find that Asian anthropogenic emissions are the dominant source of Arctic CO pollution everywhere except in surface air where European anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance. Russian biomass burning makes little contribution to mean CO (reflecting the long CO lifetime) but makes a large contribution to CO variability in the form of combustion plumes. Analysis of two pollution events sampled by the aircraft demonstrates that AIRS can successfully observe pollution transport to the Arctic in the mid-troposphere. The 2003-2008 record of CO from AIRS shows that interannual variability averaged over the Arctic cap is very small. AIRS CO columns over Alaska are highly correlated with the Ocean Niño Index, suggesting a link between El Niño and Asian pollution transport to the Arctic. AIRS shows lower-than-average CO columns over Alaska during April 2008, despite the Russian fires, due to a weakened Aleutian Low hindering transport from Asia and associated with the moderate 2007-2008 La Niña. This suggests that Asian pollution influence over the Arctic may be particularly large under strong El Niño conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Aeronautics -- United States
KW  - Fire insurance
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 55467587; Fisher, J. A. 1; Email Address: jafisher@fas.harvard.edu; Jacob, D. J. 1; Purdy, M. T. 2; Kopacz, M. 3; Le Sager, P. 1; Carouge, C. 1; Holmes, C. D. 1; Yantosca, R. M. 1; Batchelor, R. L. 4; Strong, K. 4; Diskin, G. S. 5; Fuelberg, H. E. 6; Holloway, J. S. 7,8; Hyer, E. J. 9; McMillan, W. W. 10,11; Warner, J. 11; Streets, D. G. 12; Zhang, Q. 12,13; Wang, Y. 14; Wu, S. 15; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 2: Risk Management Solutions, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA; 3: Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; 4: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 6: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; 7: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 8: Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 9: UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, USA; 10: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 11: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 12: Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, USA; 13: Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; 14: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; 15: Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p977; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Aeronautics -- United States; Subject Term: Fire insurance; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524124 Direct property insurance carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 524126 Direct Property and Casualty Insurance Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs, 11 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pfister, G. G.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Edwards, D. P.
AU  - Arellano, A.
AU  - Sachse, G.
AU  - Campos, T.
T1  - Variability of springtime transpacific pollution transport during 2000-2006: the INTEX-B mission in the context of previous years.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1345
EP  - 1359
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We analyze the transport of pollution across the Pacific during the NASA INTEX-B (Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Part B) campaign in spring 2006 and examine how this year compares to the time period for 2000 through 2006. In addition to aircraft measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) collected during INTEX-B, we include in this study multi-year satellite retrievals of CO from the Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) instrument and simulations from the chemistry transport model MOZART-4. Model tracers are used to examine the contributions of different source regions and source types to pollution levels over the Pacific. Additional modeling studies are performed to separate the impacts of inter-annual variability in meteorology and dynamics from changes in source strength. Interannual variability in the tropospheric CO burden over the Pacific and the US as estimated from the MOPITT data range up to 7% and a somewhat smaller estimate (5%) is derived from the model. When keeping the emissions in the model constant between years, the year-to-year changes are reduced (2%), but show that in addition to changes in emissions, variable meteorological conditions also impact transpacific pollution transport. We estimate that about 1/3 of the variability in the tropospheric CO loading over the contiguous US is explained by changes in emissions and about 2/3 by changes in meteorology and transport. Biomass burning sources are found to be a larger driver for inter-annual variability in the CO loading compared to fossil and biofuel sources or photochemical CO production even though their absolute contributions are smaller. Source contribution analysis shows that the aircraft sampling during INTEX-B was fairly representative of the larger scale region, but with a slight bias towards higher influence from Asian contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Biomass energy
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Carbon compounds
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Aeronautics -- United States
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 55467605; Pfister, G. G. 1; Email Address: pfister@ucar.edu; Emmons, L. K. 1; Edwards, D. P. 1; Arellano, A. 1; Sachse, G. 2; Campos, T. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p1345; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Biomass energy; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon compounds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Aeronautics -- United States; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 8 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Bui, T.-P.
AU  - Lawson, P.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.
T1  - Ice nucleation and cloud microphysical properties in tropical tropopause layer cirrus.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1369
EP  - 1384
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - In past modeling studies, it has generally been assumed that the predominant mechanism for nucleation of ice in the uppermost troposphere is homogeneous freezing of aqueous aerosols. However, recent in situ and remote-sensing measurements of the properties of cirrus clouds at very low temperatures in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are broadly inconsistent with theoretial predictions based on the homogeneous freezing assumption. The nearly ubiquitous occurrence of gravity waves in the TTL makes the predictions from homogeneous nucleation theory particularly difficult to reconcile with measurements. These measured properties include ice number concentrations, which are much lower than theory predicts; ice crystal size distributions, which are much broader than theory predicts; and cloud extinctions, which are much lower than theory predicts. Although other explanations are possible, one way to limit ice concentrations is to have on the order of 50 L-1 effective ice nuclei (IN) that could nucleate ice at relatively low supersaturations. We suggest that ammonium sulfate particles, which would be dry much of the time in the cold TTL, are a potential IN candidate for TTL cirrus. However, this mechanism remains to be fully quantified for the size distribution of ammonium sulfate (possibly internally mixed with organics) actually present in the upper troposphere. Possible implications of the observed cloud microphysical properties for ice sedimentation, dehydration, and cloud persistence are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Aerosol propellants
N1  - Accession Number: 55467607; Jensen, E. J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov; Pfister, L. 1; Bui, T.-P. 1; Lawson, P. 2; Baumgardner, D. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Mexico; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p1369; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Aerosol propellants; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, K. S.
AU  - Pilewskie, P.
AU  - Bergstrom, R.
AU  - Coddington, O.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Livingston, J.
AU  - Russell, P.
AU  - Bierwirth, E.
AU  - Wendisch, M.
AU  - Gore, W.
AU  - Dubey, M. K.
AU  - Mazzoleni, C.
T1  - A new method for deriving aerosol solar radiative forcing and its first application within MILAGRO/INTEX-B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2731
EP  - 2767
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We introduce a method for deriving aerosol spectral radiative forcing, along with single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter and surface albedo from airborne vertical profile measurements of shortwave spectral irradiance and spectral aerosol optical thickness. The new method complements the traditional, direct measurement of aerosol radiative forcing efficiency from horizontal flight legs below gradients of aerosol optical thickness, and is particularly useful over heterogeneous land surfaces or for homogeneous aerosol layers where the horizontal gradient method is impractical. Using data collected by the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) and the Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) during the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) experiment, we validate an over-ocean spectral aerosol forcing efficiency from the new method by comparing with the traditional method. Retrieved over-land aerosol optical properties are compared with in-situ measurements and AERONET retrievals. The spectral forcing efficiencies over ocean and land are remarkably similar, and agree with results from other field experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Field work (Research)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Spectral irradiance
N1  - Accession Number: 49005310; Schmidt, K. S. 1; Email Address: sebastian.schmidt@lasp.colorado.edu; Pilewskie, P. 1; Bergstrom, R. 2; Coddington, O. 1; Redemann, J. 2; Livingston, J. 3; Russell, P. 4; Bierwirth, E. 5; Wendisch, M. 5; Gore, W. 4; Dubey, M. K. 6; Mazzoleni, C. 6,7; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 3: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; 6: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; 7: Michigan Technological University, MI, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p2731; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Field work (Research); Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Spectral irradiance; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, E.
AU  - Natarajan, M.
AU  - Marshall, T.
AU  - Gordley, L. L.
AU  - Thompson, R. E.
AU  - Lingenfelser, G.
T1  - Improvements in the profiles and distributions of nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide with the LIMS version 6 dataset.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2769
EP  - 2808
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The quality of the Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) nitric acid (HNO3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) profiles and distributions of 1978/1979 is described after their processing with an updated, Version 6 (V6) algorithm and subse- quent archival in 2002. Estimates of the precision and accuracy of both of those species are developed and provided herein. The character of the V6 HNO3 profiles is relatively unchanged from that of the earlier LIMS Version 5 (V5) profiles, except in the upper stratosphere where the interfering effects of CO2 are accounted for better with V6. The accuracy of the retrieved V6 NO2 is also significantly better in the middle and upper stratosphere, due to improvements in its spectral line parameters and in the reduced biases for the accompanying V6 temperature and water vapor profiles. As a result of these important updates, there is better agreement with theoretical calculations for profiles of the HNO3/NO2 ratio, day-to-night NO2 ratio, and with estimates of the production of NO2 in the mesosphere and its descent to the upper stratosphere during polar night. The improved precisions and more frequent retrievals of the profiles along the LIMS orbit tracks provide for better continuity and detail in map analyses of these two species on pressure surfaces. It is judged that the chemical effects of the oxides of nitrogen on ozone can be examined quantitatively throughout the stratosphere with the LIMS V6 data, and that the findings will be more compatible with those obtained from measurements of the same species from subsequent satellite sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen dioxide
KW  - Oxides
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Artificial satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 49005311; Remsberg, E. 1; Email Address: ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov; Natarajan, M. 1; Marshall, T. 2; Gordley, L. L. 2; Thompson, R. E. 2; Lingenfelser, G. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: GATS Incorporated, 11864 Canon Blvd., Suite 101, Newport News, VA 23606, USA; 3: SSAI, 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23661, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p2769; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Oxides; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Mesosphere; Subject Term: Nitric acid; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 9 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, B.
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Yi, Y.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Zhang, D.
AU  - Wang, X.
T1  - Detection of dust aerosol by combining CALIPSO active lidar and passive IIR measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 3423
EP  - 3456
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The version 2 Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) dust layer detection method, which is based only on lidar measurements, misclassified about 43% dust layers (mainly dense dust layer) as cloud layers over the Taklamakan Desert. To address this problem, a new method was developed by combining the CALIPSO Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and passive Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) measurements. This combined lidar and IR measurement (hereafter, CLIM) method uses the IIR tri-spectral IR brightness temperatures to discriminate between ice cloud and dense dust layers, and lidar mea surements alone to detect thin dust and water cloud layers. The brightness temperature difference between 10.60 and 12.05 μm (BTD11-12) is typically negative for dense dust and generally positive for ice cloud, but it varies from negative to positive for thin dust layers, which the CALIPSO lidar correctly identifies. Results show that the CLIM method could significantly reduce misclassification rates to as low as ∼7% for the active dust season of spring 2008 over the Taklamakan Desert. The CLIM method also revealed 18% more dust layers having greatly intensified backscatter between 1.8 and 4 km altitude over the source region compared to the CALIPSO version 2 data. These results allow a more accurate assessment of the effect of dust on climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Ice clouds -- Optical properties
KW  - Optical radar
N1  - Accession Number: 49005331; Chen, B. 1; Email Address: chenb03@lzu.cn; Huang, J. 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn; Minnis, P. 2; Hu, Y. 2; Yi, Y. 3; Liu, Z. 4; Zhang, D. 1; Wang, X. 1; Affiliations: 1: College of Atmospheric Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p3423; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Ice clouds -- Optical properties; Subject Term: Optical radar; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Apel, E. C.
AU  - Lamarque, J.-F.
AU  - Hess, P. G.
AU  - Avery, M.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Brune, W.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - DeCarlo, P. F.
AU  - Hall, S.
AU  - Heikes, B.
AU  - Holloway, J.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Kok, G.
AU  - Mena-Carrasco, M.
AU  - Olson, J.
AU  - O'Sullivan, D.
AU  - Sachse, G.
T1  - Impact of Mexico City emissions on regional air quality from MOZART-4 simulations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 3457
EP  - 3498
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - An extensive set of measurements was made in and around Mexico City as part of the MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations) experiments in March 2006. Simulations with the Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 4 (MOZART-4), a global chemical transport model, have been used to provide a regional context for these observations and assist in their interpretation. These MOZART-4 simulations reproduce the aircraft observations generally well, but some differences in the modeled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the observations result from incorrect VOC speciation assumed for the emission inventories. The differ ent types of CO sources represented in the model have been "tagged" to quantify the contributions of regions outside Mexico, as well as the various emissions sectors within Mexico, to the regional air quality of Mexico. This analysis indicates open fires have some, but not a dominant, impact on the atmospheric composition in the region around Mexico City, when averaged over the month. However, considerable variation in the fire contribution (2-15% of total CO) is seen during the month. The transport and photochemical aging of Mexico City emissions were studied using tags of CO emissions for each day, showing that typically the air near Mexico City was a combination of many ages. Ozone production in MOZART-4 is shown to agree well with the net production rates from box model calculations constrained by the MILAGRO aircraft measurements. Ozone production efficiency derived from the ratio of Ox to NOz is higher in MOZART-4 than in the observations for moderately polluted air. OH reactivity determined from the MOZART-4 results shows the same increase in relative importance of oxygenated VOCs downwind of Mexico City as the reactivity inferred from the observations. The amount of ozone produced by emissions from Mexico City and surrounding areas has been quantified in the model by tracking NO emissions, showing little influence beyond Mexico's borders, and also relatively minor influence from fire emissions on the monthly average tropospheric ozone column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 49005332; Emmons, L. K. 1; Email Address: emmons@ucar.edu; Apel, E. C. 1; Lamarque, J.-F. 1; Hess, P. G. 1; Avery, M. 2; Blake, D. 3; Brune, W. 4; Campos, T. 1; Crawford, J. 2; DeCarlo, P. F. 5; Hall, S. 1; Heikes, B. 6; Holloway, J. 7; Jimenez, J. L. 5; Knapp, D. J. 1; Kok, G. 8; Mena-Carrasco, M. 9; Olson, J. 2; O'Sullivan, D. 10; Sachse, G. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 4: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA; 7: NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, CO, USA; 9: University of Iowa, IA, USA; 10: Chemistry Department, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p3457; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 42p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kar, J.
AU  - Fishman, J.
AU  - Creilson, J. K.
AU  - Richter, A.
AU  - Ziemke, J.
AU  - Chandra, S.
T1  - Are there urban signatures in the tropospheric ozone column products derived from satellite measurements?
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 3807
EP  - 3826
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In view of the proposed geostationary satellite missions to monitor air quality from space, it is important to first assess the capability of the current suite of satellite instruments to provide information on the urban scale pollution. We explore the possibility of detecting urban signatures in the tropospheric column ozone data derived from TOMS/SBUV and OMI/MLS satellite data. We find that distinct isolated plumes of tropospheric ozone near several large and polluted cities around the world may be detected in these data sets. The ozone plumes generally correspond with the tropospheric column NO2 plumes around these cities as observed by the SCIAMACHY instrument. Similar plumes are also seen in tropospheric mean ozone mixing ratio distribution after accounting for the surface and tropopause pressure variations. The total column ozone retrievals indicate fairly significant sensitivity to the lower troposphere over the polluted land areas, which might help explain these detections. These results indicate that UV measurements may, in principle, be able to capture the urban signatures and may have implications for future missions using geostationary satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Geostationary satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 49005341; Kar, J. 1; Email Address: jayanta.kar@nasa.gov; Fishman, J. 2; Creilson, J. K. 1,2; Richter, A. 3; Ziemke, J. 4; Chandra, S. 4; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 3: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 4: GEST, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p3807; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Tropospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Urban pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mauldin, Roy
AU  - Kosciuch, Edward
AU  - Eisele, Fred
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Tanner, David
AU  - Sjostedt, Steve
AU  - Blake, Don
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Crawford, Jim
AU  - Davis, Douglas
T1  - South Pole Antarctica observations and modeling results: New insights on HOx radical and sulfur chemistry
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 572
EP  - 581
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Measurements of OH, H2SO4, and MSA at South Pole (SP) Antarctica were recorded as a part of the 2003 Antarctic Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI 2003). The time period 22 November, 2003–2 January, 2004 provided a unique opportunity to observe atmospheric chemistry at SP under both natural conditions as well as those uniquely defined by a solar eclipse event. Results under natural solar conditions generally confirmed those reported previously in the year 2000. In both years the major chemical driver leading to large scale fluctuations in OH was shifts in the concentration levels of NO. Like in 2000, however, the 2003 observational data were systematically lower than model predictions. This can be interpreted as indicating that the model mechanism is still missing a significant HOx sink reaction(s); or, alternatively, that the OH calibration source may have problems. Still a final possibility could involve the integrity of the OH sampling scheme which involved a fixed building site. As expected, during the peak in the solar eclipse both NO and OH showed large decreases in their respective concentrations. Interestingly, the observational OH profile could only be approximated by the model mechanism upon adding an additional HOx radical source in the form of snow emissions of CH2O and/or H2O2. This would lead one to think that either CH2O and/or H2O2 snow emissions represent a significant HOx radical source under summertime conditions at SP. Observations of H2SO4 and MSA revealed both species to be present at very low concentrations (e.g., 5 × 105 and 1 × 105 molec cm−3, respectively), but similar to those reported in 2000. The first measurements of SO2 at SP demonstrated a close coupling with the oxidation product H2SO4. The observed low concentrations of MSA appear to be counter to the most recent thinking by glacio-chemists who have suggested that the plateau''s lower atmosphere should have elevated levels of MSA. We speculate here that the absence of MSA may reflect efficient atmospheric removal mechanisms for this species involving either dynamical and/or chemical processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Radicals (Chemistry)
KW  - Sulfur dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Hydroxides
KW  - Hydroxyl group
KW  - South Pole
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Antarctic
KW  - ANTCI
KW  - H2SO4
KW  - Hydroxyl
KW  - MSA
KW  - OH
KW  - Pole
KW  - SO2
KW  - Sulfuric
N1  - Accession Number: 47466730; Mauldin, Roy 1; Email Address: mauldin@ucar.edu; Kosciuch, Edward 1; Eisele, Fred 1; Huey, Greg 2; Tanner, David 2; Sjostedt, Steve 2; Blake, Don 3; Chen, Gao 4; Crawford, Jim 4; Davis, Douglas 2; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, 1850 Table Mesa, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 3: University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Feb2010, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p572; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Subject Term: Hydrogen peroxide; Subject Term: Radicals (Chemistry); Subject Term: Sulfur dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Hydroxides; Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; Subject: South Pole; Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: ANTCI; Author-Supplied Keyword: H2SO4; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSA; Author-Supplied Keyword: OH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfuric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.058
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Airline Pilots' Knowledge and Beliefs About Over-the-Counter Medications.
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
AU  - Neville, Erin C.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 81
IS  - 2
SP  - 112
EP  - 119
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 48120523; Author: Casner, Stephen M.: 1 email: stephen.casner@nasa.gov. Author: Neville, Erin C.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20100217
N2  - Introduction: Toxicological studies of accident pilots frequently find the presence of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. While many of these drugs are approved for use while flying, others are not. To better understand how pilots come to use unapproved OTC drugs, this study explored psychological and behavioral factors that might influence pilots' decisions about using OTC drug products. Methods: There were 216 working airline pilots who completed a survey that probed their 1) attitudes toward taking medications; 2) knowledge of OTC medications and the pilot-specific rules that govern their usage; 3) perceived pressures in the work environment; and 4) use of available information about OTC medications. Results: The results characterize pilots as workers who are often highly motivated to consider the use of OTC medications, but who lack the knowledge, available information, and information-seeking habits to make informed decisions about OTC drug usage under the more complicated constraints of a safety-critical job. Discussion: Rather than attempt to diminish the perceived appeal of OTC medications in the minds of pilots, we argue that pilots must be provided with additional guidance when making decisions about OTC drug usage. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *AIR pilots
KW  - *ACCIDENTS
KW  - *NONPRESCRIPTION drugs
KW  - *DECISION making
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - UTILIZATION
KW  - INFORMATION-seeking strategies
KW  - WORK environment
KW  - flying
KW  - OTC drugs
KW  - regulations
KW  - survey
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackenzie, Anne I.
AU  - Rao, Sadasiva M.
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
T1  - Method of Moments Solution of Electromagnetic Scattering Problems Involving Arbitrarily-Shaped Conducting/Dielectric Bodies Using Triangular Patches and Pulse Basis Functions.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2010/02//
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 488
EP  - 493
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - We present a new method of moments solution procedure for calculating electromagnetic scattering and radiation from conductor/dielectric composite structures. The solution is obtained using triangular patch modeling and a recently developed pair of mutually orthogonal pulse basis functions to represent the equivalent currents J and M. The pulse basis functions are defined with respect to the edges in the triangulated model and partially spread over the triangles connected to the edge. The orthogonality of the basis functions allows the development of stable solutions for all formulations and configurations investigated. A set of numerical results is presented that illustrates the efficacy of the present approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOMENTS method (Statistics)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
N1  - Accession Number: 48573695; Source Information: Feb2010, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p488; Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2037839
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dan Simon
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
T1  - Constrained Kalman filtering via density function truncation for turbofan engine health estimation.
JO  - International Journal of Systems Science
JF  - International Journal of Systems Science
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
EP  - 171
SN  - 00207721
AB  - Kalman filters are often used to estimate the state variables of a dynamic system. However, in the application of Kalman filters some known signal information is often either ignored or dealt with heuristically. For instance, state variable constraints (which may be based on physical considerations) are often neglected because they do not fit easily into the structure of the Kalman filter. This article develops an analytic method of incorporating state variable inequality constraints in the Kalman filter. The resultant filter truncates the probability density function (PDF) of the Kalman filter estimate at the known constraints and then computes the constrained filter estimate as the mean of the truncated PDF. The incorporation of state variable constraints increases the computational effort of the filter but also improves its estimation accuracy. The improvement is demonstrated via simulation results obtained from a turbofan engine model. It is also shown that the truncated Kalman filter may provide a more accurate way of incorporating inequality constraints than other constrained filters (e.g. the projection approach to constrained filtering). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Systems Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - AUTOMOBILE engines
KW  - constrained filtering
KW  - estimation
KW  - gas turbine engines
KW  - health monitoring
KW  - Kalman filter
KW  - optimal filtering
KW  - probability density function
KW  - state constraints
N1  - Accession Number: 49144025; Dan Simon 1; Simon, Donald L. 2; Email Address: d.j.simon@csuohio.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Issue Info: Feb2010, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p159; Thesaurus Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Thesaurus Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: constrained filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas turbine engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimal filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability density function; Author-Supplied Keyword: state constraints; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423120 Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 415290 Other new motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207720903042970
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Johnston, James C.
T1  - Attentional Capture With Rapidly Changing Attentional Control Settings.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 00961523
AB  - The classic theory of spatial attention hypothesized 2 modes, voluntary and involuntary. Folk, Remington, and Johnston (1992) reported that even involuntary attention capture by stimuli requires a match between stimulus properties and what the observer is looking for. This surprising conclusion has been confirmed by many subsequent studies. In these studies, however, the observer typically looks for the same property throughout an entire session. Real-world behavior, in contrast, often requires frequent shifts in attentional set. The present study examined whether such shifts weaken attentional settings, allowing task-irrelevant objects to capture attention. Surprisingly, fluctuating control settings did not increase vulnerability to capture by salient stimuli (color singletons and abrupt onsets). We conclude that the attention control system is remarkably flexible, able to rapidly and fully adopt new settings and abandon old settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - INTEREST (Psychology)
KW  - SPATIAL ability
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - attentional capture
KW  - attentional control
KW  - spatial attention
KW  - task switching
N1  - Accession Number: 63534448; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu; Ruthruff, Eric 2; Johnston, James C. 3; Affiliations: 1: Oregon State University; 2: University of New Mexico; 3: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Feb2010, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: INTEREST (Psychology); Subject Term: SPATIAL ability; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: attentional capture; Author-Supplied Keyword: attentional control; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: task switching; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/a0015875
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=63534448&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2010-01340-001
AN  - 2010-01340-001
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Johnston, James C.
T1  - Attentional capture with rapidly changing attentional control settings.
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0096-1523
SN  - 1939-1277
AD  - Lien, Mei-Ching, Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, US, 97331-5303
N1  - Accession Number: 2010-01340-001. PMID: 20121291 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Lien, Mei-Ching; Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, US. Release Date: 20100201. Correction Date: 20120109. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Grant Information: Lien, Mei-Ching. Major Descriptor: Dual Task Performance; Spatial Perception; Attentional Capture. Classification: Human Experimental Psychology (2300). Population: Human (10). Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Methodology: Empirical Study; Qualitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 16. Issue Publication Date: Feb, 2010. Publication History: Accepted Date: Feb 11, 2009; Revised Date: Dec 12, 2008; First Submitted Date: Mar 19, 2008. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2010. 
AB  - The classic theory of spatial attention hypothesized 2 modes, voluntary and involuntary. Folk, Remington, and Johnston (1992) reported that even involuntary attention capture by stimuli requires a match between stimulus properties and what the observer is looking for. This surprising conclusion has been confirmed by many subsequent studies. In these studies, however, the observer typically looks for the same property throughout an entire session. Real-world behavior, in contrast, often requires frequent shifts in attentional set. The present study examined whether such shifts weaken attentional settings, allowing task-irrelevant objects to capture attention. Surprisingly, fluctuating control settings did not increase vulnerability to capture by salient stimuli (color singletons and abrupt onsets). We conclude that the attention control system is remarkably flexible, able to rapidly and fully adopt new settings and abandon old settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - attentional capture
KW  - attentional control
KW  - spatial attention
KW  - task switching
KW  - 2010
KW  - Dual Task Performance
KW  - Spatial Perception
KW  - Attentional Capture
U1  - Sponsor: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Aviation Safety Program. Recipients: Lien, Mei-Ching; Ruthruff, Eric; Johnston, James C.
DO  - 10.1037/a0015875
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2010-01340-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - mei.lien@oregonstate.edu
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Chambers, L.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., P.
AU  - B.Wielicki
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Loeb, N.
AU  - Sun, W.
AU  - Potter, G.
AU  - Min, Q.
AU  - Schuster, G.
AU  - Fan, T.-F.
T1  - Estimations of climate sensitivity based on top-of-atmosphere radiation imbalance.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/02/15/
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1923
EP  - 1930
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Large climate feedback uncertainties limit the accuracy in predicting the response of the Earth's climate to the increase of CO2 concentration within the atmosphere. This study explores a potential to reduce uncertainties in climate sensitivity estimations using energy balance analysis, especially top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation imbalance. The time-scales studied generally cover from decade to century, that is, middle-range climate sensitivity is considered, which is directly related to the climate issue caused by atmospheric CO2 change. The significant difference between current analysis and previous energy balance models is that the current study targets at the boundary condition problem instead of solving the initial condition problem. Additionally, climate system memory and deep ocean heat transport are considered. The climate feedbacks are obtained based on the constraints of the TOA radiation imbalance and surface temperature measurements of the present climate. In this study, the TOA imbalance value of 0.85 W/m2 is used. Note that this imbalance value has large uncertainties. Based on this value, a positive climate feedback with a feedback coefficient ranging from -1.3 to -1.0 W/m2/K is found. The range of feedback coefficient is determined by climate system memory. The longer the memory, the stronger the positive feedback. The estimated time constant of the climate is large (70∼120 years) mainly owing to the deep ocean heat transport, implying that the system may be not in an equilibrium state under the external forcing during the industrial era. For the doubled-CO2 climate (or 3.7W/m2 forcing), the estimated global warming would be 3.1K if the current estimate of 0.85 W/m2 TOA net radiative heating could be confirmed. With accurate long-term measurements of TOA radiation, the analysis method suggested by this study provides a great potential in the estimations of middle-range climate sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Effect of human beings on climatic changes
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
KW  - Surface tension
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Global Observing System (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 48617712; Lin, B. 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov; Chambers, L. 1; Stackhouse Jr., P. 1; B.Wielicki 1; Hu, Y. 1; Minnis, P. 1; Loeb, N. 1; Sun, W. 2; Potter, G. 3; Min, Q. 4; Schuster, G. 1; Fan, T.-F. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: SSAI, One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 3: University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 4: State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p1923; Thesaurus Term: Effect of human beings on climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Surface tension; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Global Observing System (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mélin, F.
AU  - Clerici, M.
AU  - Zibordi, G.
AU  - Holben, B.N.
AU  - Smirnov, A.
T1  - Validation of SeaWiFS and MODIS aerosol products with globally distributed AERONET data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2010/02/15/
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 230
EP  - 250
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The validation of aerosol products derived from ocean color missions is required for the assessment of their uncertainties and as a diagnostic for the atmospheric correction schemes used for determining the ocean apparent optical properties. A comprehensive validation of the aerosol products obtained from the ocean color missions SeaWiFS and MODIS is presented; it relies on the field observations collected at 85 AERONET sites and is completed by preliminary results obtained with the data of the maritime AERONET component. A robust match-up selection protocol yields approximately 7000 match-ups for each sensor. The median absolute relative difference for the aerosol optical thickness τ  a  increases from 20–22% at 443nm to 45–48% in the near-infrared. The validation statistics are comparable for both sensors but MODIS results appear degraded particularly for sites located on isolated islands. The median absolute difference is approximately 0.03 at all wavelengths. Results are further analyzed for specific geographic regions or groups of sites selected to represent oceanic, continental, or desert dust conditions. Importantly, the match-up sets appear generally representative of the regional natural variability in τ  a  amplitude and spectral shape, with the notable exception of high τ  a  conditions that are excluded. An important finding is the underestimate by the atmospheric correction of the Ångström exponent α, with a median bias of −0.52. This underestimate is apparent even at low α values and regularly increases with α. This discrepancy in τ  a  spectral shape might result from an inappropriate set of candidate aerosol models and/or uncertainties in the calibration at the near-infrared bands. As the validation data base is expanded and updated in relation to new versions of the processing chains, this work provides a benchmark for the assessment of the aerosol products derived from the SeaWiFS and MODIS ocean color missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Near infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Statistics
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric correction
KW  - MODIS
KW  - SeaWiFS
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 46750517; Mélin, F. 1; Email Address: frederic.melin@jrc.ec.europa.eu; Clerici, M. 1; Zibordi, G. 1; Holben, B.N. 2; Smirnov, A. 2; Affiliations: 1: European Commission — Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Global Environment Monitoring Unit, TP272, ISPRA, 21027, Italy; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: Feb2010, Vol. 114 Issue 2, p230; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Ocean color; Subject Term: Near infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Calibration; Subject Term: Statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric correction; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: SeaWiFS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Shengli
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Crabtree, Robert L.
AU  - Hager, Stacey
AU  - Gross, Peggy
T1  - Fusing optical and radar data to estimate sagebrush, herbaceous, and bare ground cover in Yellowstone
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2010/02/15/
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 264
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The arid and semi-arid sagebrush–grass ecosystem occupies a substantial portion of rangelands in the western United States. Using remote sensing techniques to map the percent of sagebrush, grass/forb, and bare ground components is necessary for forage production estimation and natural resource management over large areas. However optical data have significant deficiencies in these ecosystems because of exposed bright soil, spectrally-indeterminate vegetation, and a large dead vegetation component. Radar data also have deficiencies caused by factors such as antenna pattern calibration, local incidence angle (LIA), soil moisture, and surface roughness. With the complementary vegetation information gained from optical data and radar data, these two datasets were fused to estimate 10-m sagebrush, grass, and bare ground percent cover in the non-forested areas of Yellowstone National Park, which is a representative native western rangeland ecosystem of the US. The datasets were processed to resolve the issues of antenna pattern calibration and LIA effect. Peak green Landsat, late fall Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), and Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AirSAR) data were fused in this analysis. AVIRIS, Landsat, AirSAR and elevation data were used to segment the study area into two main subcategories of “pure grass” and “mixed sagebrush and grass”. Landsat Tasseled Cap Greenness (LTCG) was used to retrieve bare land and grass percentages in pure grass areas. In the areas with mixed grass and sagebrush, standardized LTCG and radar C vv were used to derive the vegetation cover percentage, and the ratio of standardized LTCG and radar L hv was further used to calculate the relative abundance of sagebrush and grass. Comparison between the field and remote sensing estimations shows the correlation coefficients were 0.838, 0.746, and 0.830 for bare land, grass, and sagebrush, respectively. When grouped into three discrete categories of “low”, “medium”, and “high”, the overall accuracies were 79.4%, 75.9%, and 77.6%, respectively. Our study shows the potential for application of global spaceborne C- and L-band radar and optical data fusion for large-area rangeland monitoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Multisensor data fusion
KW  - Sagebrush
KW  - Synthetic apertures
KW  - Radar in aeronautics
KW  - Information processing
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
KW  - Data fusion
KW  - Percentage cover
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - SAR
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 46750518; Huang, Shengli 1,2; Email Address: huang@yellowstoneresearch.org; Potter, Christopher 1; Crabtree, Robert L. 2,3; Hager, Stacey 3; Gross, Peggy 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite B, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; 3: HyPerspectives Inc., 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite C, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; 4: California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; Issue Info: Feb2010, Vol. 114 Issue 2, p251; Thesaurus Term: REMOTE sensing; Thesaurus Term: Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Subject Term: Earth sciences; Subject Term: Multisensor data fusion; Subject Term: Sagebrush; Subject Term: Synthetic apertures; Subject Term: Radar in aeronautics; Subject Term: Information processing; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Subject: Yellowstone National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Percentage cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Koch, David
AU  - Basri, Gibor
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Brown, Timothy
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas
AU  - Caldwell, John
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - DeVore, Edna
AU  - Dunham, Edward W.
AU  - Dupree, Andrea K.
AU  - Gautier III, Thomas N.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald
AU  - Gould, Alan
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Kondo, Yoji
AU  - Latham, David W.
T1  - Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/02/19/
VL  - 327
IS  - 5968
M3  - Article
SP  - 977
EP  - 980
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Kepler mission was designed to determine the frequency of Earth-sized planets in and near the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. The habitable zone is the region where planetary temperatures are suitable for water to exist on a planet's surface. During the first 6 weeks of observations, Kepler monitored 156,000 stars, and five new exoplanets with sizes between 0.37 and 1.6 Jupiter radii and orbital periods from 3.2 to 4.9 days were discovered. The density of the Neptune-sized Kepler-4b is similar to that of Neptune and GJ 436b, even though the irradiation level is 800,000 times higher. Kepler-7b is one of the lowest-density planets (∼0.17 gram per cubic centimeter) yet detected. Kepler-5b, -6b, and -8b confirm the existence of planets with densities lower than those predicted for gas giant planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Space vehicles research
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Detection
KW  - Habitable planets
KW  - Orbiting astronomical observatories
KW  - Astronomical observations
N1  - Accession Number: 48570165; Borucki, William J. 1; Email Address: William.J.Borucki@nasa.gov; Koch, David 1; Basri, Gibor 2; Batalha, Natalie 3; Brown, Timothy 4; Caldwell, Douglas 5; Caldwell, John 6; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen 7; Cochran, William D. 8; DeVore, Edna 5; Dunham, Edward W. 9; Dupree, Andrea K. 10; Gautier III, Thomas N. 11; Geary, John C. 10; Gilliland, Ronald 12; Gould, Alan 13; Howell, Steve B. 14; Jenkins, Jon M. 5; Kondo, Yoji 15; Latham, David W. 10; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 3: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; 4: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA; 5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 6: York University, North York, M3) 1P3 Ontario, Canada; 7: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; 8: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 9: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 12: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; 13: Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 14: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 15: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20025, USA; Issue Info: 2/19/2010, Vol. 327 Issue 5968, p977; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Space vehicles research; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Detection; Subject Term: Habitable planets; Subject Term: Orbiting astronomical observatories; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Unger, Nadine
AU  - Bond, Tami C.
AU  - Wang, James S.
AU  - Koch, Dorothy M.
AU  - Menon, Surabi
AU  - Shindell, Drew T.
AU  - Bauer, Susanne
T1  - Attribution of climate forcing to economic sectors.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/02/23/
VL  - 107
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3382
EP  - 3387
SN  - 00278424
AB  - A much-cited bar chart provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change displays the climate impact, as expressed by radiative forcing in watts per meter squared, of individual chemical species. The organization of the chart reflects the history of atmospheric chemistry, in which investigators typically focused on a single species of interest. However, changes in pollutant emissions and concentrations are a symptom, not a cause, of the primary driver of anthropogenic climate change: human activity. In this paper, we suggest organizing the bar chart according to drivers of change—that is, by economic sector. Climate impacts of tropospheric ozone, fine aerosols, aerosol-cloud interactions, methane, and long-lived greenhouse gases are considered. We quantify the future evolution of the total radiative forcing due to perpetual constant year 2000 emissions by sector, most relevant for the development of climate policy now, and focus on two specific time points, near-term at 2020 and long-term at 2100. Because sector profiles differ greatly, this approach fosters the development of smart climate policy and is useful to identify effective opportunities for rapid mitigation of anthropogenic radiative forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Carbon dioxide mitigation
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - aerosols
KW  - air pollution
KW  - global warming
KW  - mitigation
KW  - ozone
KW  - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
N1  - Accession Number: 48439747; Unger, Nadine 1,2; Email Address: nunger@giss.nasa.gov; Bond, Tami C. 3; Wang, James S. 4; Koch, Dorothy M. 1,2; Menon, Surabi 5; Shindell, Drew T. 1; Bauer, Susanne 1,2; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025; 2 : Center for Climate Systems Research at Columbia University, New York, NY 10025; 3 : University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; 4 : Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY 10010; 5 : Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720;  Source Info: 2/23/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 8, p3382; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide mitigation; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0906548107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adhikary, B.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Kulkarni, S.
AU  - Wei, C.
AU  - Tang, Y.
AU  - D'Allura, A.
AU  - Mena-Carrasco, M.
AU  - Streets, D. G.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Al-Saadi, J. A.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Pfister, G. G.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Barrick, J. D.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Fried, A.
T1  - A regional scale modeling analysis of aerosol and trace gas distributions over the eastern Pacific during the INTEX-B field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2091
EP  - 2115
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM) is applied to the analysis of observations obtained during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-Phase B (INTEX-B), conducted over the eastern Pacific Ocean during spring 2006. Predicted trace gas and aerosol distributions over the Pacific are presented and discussed in terms of transport and source region contributions. Trace species distributions show a strong west (high) to east (low) gradient, with the bulk of the pollutant transport over the central Pacific occurring between ~20° N and 50° N in the 2-6 km altitude range. These distributions are evaluated in the eastern Pacific by comparison with the NASA DC-8 and NSF/NCAR C-130 airborne measurements along with observations from the Mt. Bachelor (MBO) surface site. Thirty different meteorological, trace gas and aerosol parameters are compared. In general the meteorological fields are better predicted than gas phase species, which in turn are better predicted than aerosol quantities. PAN is found to be significantly overpredicted over the eastern Pacific, which is attributed to uncertainties in the chemical reaction mechanisms used in current atmospheric chemistry models in general and to the specifically high PAN production in the SAPRC-99 mechanism used in the regional model. A systematic under-prediction of the elevated sulfate layer in the eastern Pacific observed by the C-130 is another issue that is identified and discussed. Results from source region tagged CO simulations are used to estimate how the different source regions around the Pacific contribute to the trace gas species distributions. During this period the largest contributions were from China and from fires in South/Southeast and North Asia. For the C-130 flights, which operated off the coast of the Northwest US, the regional CO contributions range as follows: China (35%), South/Southeast Asia fires (35%), North America anthropogenic (20%), and North Asia fires (10%). The transport of pollution into the western US is studied at MBO and a variety of events with elevated Asian dust, and periods with contributions from China and fires from both Asia and North America are discussed. The role of heterogeneous chemistry on the composition over the eastern Pacific is also studied. The impacts of heterogeneous reactions at specific times can be significant, increasing sulfate and nitrate aerosol production and reducing gas phase nitric acid levels appreciably (~50%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sulfur
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Gas distribution
KW  - China
N1  - Accession Number: 48878256; Adhikary, B. 1,2; Carmichael, G. R. 1; Kulkarni, S. 1; Email Address: sarika-kulkarni@uiowa.edu; Wei, C. 1; Tang, Y. 1,3; D'Allura, A. 1,4; Mena-Carrasco, M. 1,5; Streets, D. G. 6; Zhang, Q. 6; Pierce, R. B. 7,8; Al-Saadi, J. A. 7; Emmons, L. K. 9; Pfister, G. G. 9; Avery, M. A. 7; Barrick, J. D. 7; Blake, D. R. 10; Brune, W. H. 11; Cohen, R. C. 12; Dibb, J. E. 13; Fried, A. 9; Affiliations: 1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 2: School of Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal; 3: NOAA/NCEP/EMC, Camp Springs, MD, USA; 4: ARIANET Srl, Milano, Italy; 5: Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile; 6: Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 8: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI, USA; 9: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 10: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 11: Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA; 12: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; 13: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p2091; Thesaurus Term: Sulfur; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Gas distribution; Subject: China; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221210 Natural Gas Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs, 10 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Moore, J. R.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Chiou, E. W.
T1  - An evaluation of the SAGE III version 4 aerosol extinction coefficient and water vapor data products.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2159
EP  - 2173
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Herein, we provide an assessment of the data quality of Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) Version 4 aerosol extinction coefficient and water vapor data products. The evaluation is based on comparisons with data from four instruments: SAGE II, the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement (POAM III), the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), and the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Since only about half of the SAGE III channels have a direct comparison with measurements by other instruments, we have employed some empirical techniques to evaluate measurements at some wavelengths. We find that the aerosol extinction coefficient measurements at 449, 520, 755, 869, and 1021 nm are reliable with accuracies and precisions on the order of 10% in the mission's primary aerosol target range of 15 to 25 km. We also believe this to be true of the aerosol measurements at 1545 nm though we cannot exclude some positive bias below 15 km. We recommend use of the 385 nm measurements above 16 km where the accuracy is on par with other aerosol channels. The 601 nm measurement is much noisier (~20%) than other channels and we suggest caution in the use of these data. We believe that the 676 nm data are clearly defective particularly above 20 km (accuracy as poor as 50%) and the precision is also low (~30%). We suggest excluding this channel under most circumstances. The SAGE III Version 4 water vapor data product appears to be high quality and is recommended for science applications in the stratosphere below 45 km. In this altitude range, the mean differences with all four corroborative data sets are no bigger than 15% and often less than 10% with exceptional agreement with POAM III and MLS. Above 45 km, it seems likely that SAGE III water vapor values are increasingly too large and should be used cautiously or avoided. We believe that SAGE III meets its preflight goal of 15% accuracy and 10% precision between 15 and 45 km. SAGE III water vapor data does not appear to be affected by aerosol loading in the stratosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Precipitable water
N1  - Accession Number: 48878260; Thomason, L. W. 1; Email Address: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov; Moore, J. R. 2; Pitts, M. C. 1; Zawodny, J. M. 1; Chiou, E. W. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: ADNET Systems Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p2159; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Moisture; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Precipitable water; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 13 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, S.
AU  - Atlas, E. L.
AU  - Jiménez, R.
AU  - Daube, B. C.
AU  - Gottlieb, E. W.
AU  - Nan, J.
AU  - Jones, D. B. A.
AU  - Pfister, L.
AU  - Conway, T. J.
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - Gao, R.-S.
AU  - Wofsy, S. C.
T1  - Vertical transport rates and concentrations of OH and Cl radicals in the Tropical Tropopause Layer from Observations of CO2 and halocarbons: implications for distributions of long- and short-lived chemical species.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 6059
EP  - 6095
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Rates for large-scale vertical transport of air in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) were determined using high-resolution, in situ observations of CO2 concentrations in the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere during the NASA Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling (TC4) campaign in August 2007. Upward movement of trace gases in the deep tropics was notably slower in TC4 than during the Costa Rica AURA Validation Experiment (CR-AVE), in January 2006. Transport rates in the TTL were combined with in situ measurements of chlorinated and brominated organic compounds from whole air samples to determine chemical loss rates for reactive chemical species, providing empirical vertical profiles for 24-h mean concentrations of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and chlorine atoms in the TTL. The analysis shows that important short-lived species such as CHCl3, CH2Cl2, and CH2Br2 have longer chemical lifetimes than the time for transit of the TTL, implying that these species, which are not included in most models, could readily reach the stratosphere and make significant contributions of chlorine and/or bromine to stratospheric loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Chlorine
KW  - Bromine
KW  - Halocarbons -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Hydroxyl group
N1  - Accession Number: 49005876; Park, S. 1; Atlas, E. L. 2; Jiménez, R. 1; Daube, B. C. 1; Gottlieb, E. W. 1; Nan, J. 1; Jones, D. B. A. 3; Pfister, L. 4; Conway, T. J. 5; Bui, T. P. 4; Gao, R.-S. 5; Wofsy, S. C. 1; Email Address: swofsy@seas.harvard.edu; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences and the School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2: University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, FL, USA; 3: Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 4: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p6059; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Chlorine; Thesaurus Term: Bromine; Subject Term: Halocarbons -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Evans, M. J.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Ren, X.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Clair, J. M. S.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - Spencer, K. M.
AU  - Beaver, M. R.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Weibring, P.
AU  - Walega, J. G.
AU  - Hall, S. R.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Chen, G.
T1  - Chemistry of hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx) in the Arctic troposphere in spring.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 6955
EP  - 6994
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We use observations from the April 2008 NASA ARCTAS aircraft campaign to the North American Arctic, interpreted with a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOSChem), to better understand the sources and cycling of hydrogen oxide radicals (HOx ≡H+OH+5 peroxy radicals) and their reservoirs (HOyHOx+peroxides) in the springtime Arctic atmosphere. We find that a standard gas-phase chemical mechanism overestimates the observed HO2 and H2O2 concentrations. Computation of HOx and HOy gas-phase chemical budgets on the basis of the aircraft observations also indicates a large missing sink for both. We hypothesize that this could reflect HO2 10 uptake by aerosols, favored by low temperatures and relatively high aerosol loadings, through a mechanism that does not produce H2O2. Such a mechanism could involve HO2 aqueous-phase reaction with sulfate (58% of the ARCTAS submicron aerosol by mass) to produce peroxymonosulfate (HSO-5) that would eventually convert back to sulfate and return water. We implemented such an uptake of HO2 by aerosol in the model 15 using a standard reactive uptake coefficient parameterization with (HO2) values ranging from 0.02 at 275K to 0.5 at 220 K. This successfully reproduces the concentrations and vertical distributions of the different HOx species and HOy reservoirs. HO2 uptake by aerosol is then a major HOx and HOy sink, decreasing mean OH and HO2 concentrations in the Arctic troposphere by 48% and 45% respectively. Circumpolar budget 20 analysis in the model shows that transport of peroxides from northern mid-latitudes contributes 50% of the HOy source above 6 km, and cloud chemistry and deposition of H2O2 account together for 40% of the HOy sink below 3 km. Better rate and product data for HO2 uptake by aerosol are needed to understand this role of aerosols in limiting the oxidizing power of the Arctic atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Peroxides
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 49005901; Mao, J. 1; Email Address: mao@fas.harvard.edu; Jacob, D. J. 1,2; Evans, M. J. 3; Olson, J. R. 4; Ren, X. 5; Brune, W. H. 6; Clair, J. M. S. 7; Crounse, J. D. 7; Spencer, K. M. 7; Beaver, M. R. 7; Wennberg, P. O. 8,9; Cubison, M. J. 10; Jimenez, J. L. 10; Fried, A. 11; Weibring, P. 11; Walega, J. G. 11; Hall, S. R. 12; Weinheimer, A. J. 12; Cohen, R. C. 13; Chen, G. 4; Affiliations: 1: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: School of Earth and the Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK; 4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 6: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 7: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 8: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 9: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 10: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES),University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 12: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 13: Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p6955; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen; Thesaurus Term: Peroxides; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Molina, L. T.
AU  - Madronich, S.
AU  - Gaffney, J. S.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - de Foy, B.
AU  - Fast, J.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Herndon, S.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Lamb, B.
AU  - Osornio-Vargas, A. R.
AU  - Russell, P.
AU  - Schauer, J. J.
AU  - Stevens, P. S.
AU  - Zavala, M.
T1  - An overview of the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 7819
EP  - 7983
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - MILAGRO (Megacity Initiative: Local And Global Research Observations) is an international collaborative project to examine the behavior and the export of atmospheric emissions from a megacity. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) - one of the world's largest megacities and North America's most populous city - was selected as the case study to characterize the sources, concentrations, transport, and transformation processes of the pollutants emitted to the MCMA atmosphere and to evaluate the regional and global impacts of these emissions. The findings of this study are relevant to the evolution and impacts of pollution from many other megacities. The measurement phase consisted of a month-long series of carefully coordinated observations of the chemistry and physics of the atmosphere in and near Mexico City during March 2006, using a wide range of instruments at ground sites, on aircraft and satellites, and enlisting over 450 scientists from 150 institutions in 30 countries. Three ground supersites were set up to examine the evolution of the primary emitted gases and fine particles. Additional platforms in or near Mexico City included mobile vans containing scientific laboratories and mobile and stationary upward-looking lidars. Seven instrumented research aircraft provided information about the atmosphere over a large region and at various altitudes. Satellite-based instruments peered down into the atmosphere, providing even larger geographical coverage. The overall campaign was complemented by meteorological forecasting and numerical simulations, satellite observations and surface networks. Together, these research observations have provided the most comprehensive characterization of the MCMA's urban and regional atmospheric composition that will take years to analyze and evaluate fully. In this paper we review over 120 papers resulting from the MILAGRO/INTEX-B Campaign that have been published or submitted, as well as relevant papers from the earlier MCMA-2003 campaign, with the aim of providing a road map for the scientific community interested in understanding the emissions from a megacity such as the MCMA and their impacts on air quality and climate. This paper describes the measurements performed during MILAGRO and the results obtained on MCMA's atmospheric meteorology and dynamics, emissions of gases and fine particles, sources and concentrations of volatile organic compounds, urban and regional photochemistry, ambient particulate matter, aerosol radiative properties, urban plume characterization, and health studies. A summary of key findings from the field study is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Pollutants -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 49005924; Molina, L. T. 1; Email Address: ltmolina@mit.edu; Madronich, S. 2; Gaffney, J. S. 3; Apel, E. 2; de Foy, B. 4; Fast, J. 5; Ferrare, R. 6; Herndon, S. 7; Jimenez, J. L. 8; Lamb, B. 9; Osornio-Vargas, A. R. 10; Russell, P. 11; Schauer, J. J. 12; Stevens, P. S. 13; Zavala, M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, California and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA; 4: Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; 5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 7: Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; 8: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 9: Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; 10: Instituto Nacional de Cancerología and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México; 11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 12: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 13: Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p7819; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Pollutants -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 165p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 10 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norbury, John W.
AU  - Dick, Frank
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
AU  - Khin Maung Maung
T1  - Cross-sections from scalar field theory.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Physics
JF  - Canadian Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 88
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 156
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084204
AB  - A scalar quantum field theory method is used to calculate differential and total cross-sections for elastic and inelastic scattering in proton–proton collisions. When Mandelstam variables are used, the resulting formulas are simple and can be written in closed form. They display features very typical of elastic and inelastic scattering. The results show good agreement with total cross-section data for η meson production. Thus for this particular example, a simple scalar model can be used in place of a more complicated field theory with spin. Nous utilisons une théorie de champ quantique scalaire pour calculer les sections efficaces différentielles et totales de diffusion élastique et inélastique dans les collisions proton-proton. Lorsque nous utilisons les variables de Mandelstam, les formules qui en résultent sont simples et peuvent s’écrire sous forme fermée. Elles présentent des caractéristiques typiques de diffusion élastique et inélastique. Les résultats sont en bon accord avec la section efficace totale pour la production de mésons η. Ainsi, dans cet exemple particulier, un simple modèle scalaire peut être utilisé à la place d’un modèle plus compliqué de théorie du champ avec spin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Scalar field theory
KW  - Quantum field theory
KW  - Protons -- Scattering
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Chemical reactions
KW  - Materials science
N1  - Accession Number: 50356591; Norbury, John W. 1; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov; Dick, Frank 2; Norman, Ryan B. 3; Khin Maung Maung 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609,USA; 3: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; 4: University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA; Issue Info: Mar2010, Vol. 88 Issue 3, p149; Subject Term: Scalar field theory; Subject Term: Quantum field theory; Subject Term: Protons -- Scattering; Subject Term: Molecular dynamics; Subject Term: Chemical reactions; Subject Term: Materials science; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/P10-002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fregeau, Mathieu
AU  - Hermanson, James C.
AU  - Stocker, Dennis P.
AU  - Hegde, Uday G.
T1  - Turbulent Structure Dynamics of Buoyant and Non-Buoyant Pulsed Jet Diffusion Flames.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 182
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 309
EP  - 330
SN  - 00102202
AB  - The flame structure dynamics of strongly pulsed, turbulent diffusion flames were examined experimentally in a co-flow combustor. High-speed visual imaging and thermocouple measurements were performed to determine celerity, defined as as being the bulk velocity of a given flame puff structure in the large-scale, turbulent flame structures. Tests were conducted in normal gravity and microgravity with a fixed fuel injection velocity with a Reynolds number of 5,000 and also with a constant fueling rate where the Reynolds number ranged from 5,000 to 12,500. The celerity of strongly interacting flame puffs is as much as two times greater than for the case of isolated flame puffs. The amount of decrease in celerity at the visible flame tip due to the removal of buoyancy ranges from 7% to 11% in most cases, to as much as 36% for both fixed jet injection velocity and constant fueling rate. At the same time, the flame length is modestly affected by the removal of positive buoyancy, amounting to a decrease of as much as 20%. These observations hold for both fixed injection velocity and constant fueling rate cases. The observed increases in the flame puff celerity and the mean flame length with decreasing jet-off time, for a given injection time and gravity level, are consistent with a decreased rate of oxidizer entrainment into each flame puff structure due to increased flame puff interactions. A scaling argument accounts for the decrease of the flame puff celerity with downstream distance when both quantities are normalized by the appropriate injection conditions. The celerity, as characterized by the temperature measurement method, appears to be essentially unaffected by buoyancy at any given downstream location when appropriately scaled. The visual tracking method suggests a modest buoyancy effect at a given downstream distance, suggesting a subtle impact of buoyancy on the flame puff structures that does not impact the bulk motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Flame
KW  - Turbulence
KW  - Reynolds number
KW  - Motion
KW  - Diffusion flame
KW  - Flame structure
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Pulsed injection
KW  - Turbulent flame
N1  - Accession Number: 49144356; Fregeau, Mathieu 1; Email Address: mfregeau@u.washington.edu; Hermanson, James C. 1; Stocker, Dennis P. 2; Hegde, Uday G. 2; Affiliations: 1: Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Mar2010, Vol. 182 Issue 3, p309; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Turbulence; Subject Term: Reynolds number; Subject Term: Motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulsed injection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulent flame; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102200903362526
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parnell, John
AU  - Boyce, Adrian
AU  - Thackrey, Scott
AU  - Muirhead, David
AU  - Lindgren, Paula
AU  - Mason, Charles
AU  - Taylor, Colin
AU  - Still, John
AU  - Bowden, Stephen
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
T1  - Sulfur isotope signatures for rapid colonization of an impact crater by thermophilic microbes.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 274
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - In the 23-km-diameter Haughton impact structure, Canadian High Arctic, in sulfate-rich bedrock, widespread hydrothermal sulfide mineralization occurred in breccias formed during the impact. The sulfides exhibit extreme sulfur isotopic fractionation relative to the original sulfate, requiring microbial sulfate reduction by thermophiles throughout the crater. This evidence of widespread microbial activity demonstrates that colonization could occur within the lifetime of a moderately sized, impact-induced hydrothermal system. The pyrite was subsequently oxidized to jarosite, which may also have been microbially mediated. The successful detection of evidence for microbial life suggests that it would be a valuable technique to deploy in sulfate-rich impact terrain on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sulfate minerals
KW  - Thermophilic microorganisms
KW  - Sulfur isotopes
KW  - Shields (Geology)
KW  - Breccia
N1  - Accession Number: 49192653; Parnell, John 1; Email Address: J.Parnell@abdn.ac.uk; Boyce, Adrian 2; Thackrey, Scott 1; Muirhead, David 1; Lindgren, Paula 3; Mason, Charles 4; Taylor, Colin 1; Still, John 1; Bowden, Stephen 1; Osinski, Gordon R. 5; Lee, Pascal 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK; 2: Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK; 3: Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Sweden; 4: Morehead State University, Morehead, Kentucky 40351, USA; 5: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Ontario N6A 4B8, Canada; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 90143, USA; Issue Info: Mar2010, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p271; Thesaurus Term: Sulfate minerals; Thesaurus Term: Thermophilic microorganisms; Subject Term: Sulfur isotopes; Subject Term: Shields (Geology); Subject Term: Breccia; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G30615.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Manikandan
AU  - Wilson, Jacob S.
AU  - Martin, Preston B.
T1  - Interaction of Synthetic Jet with Boundary Layer Using Microscopic Particle Image Velocimetry.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 404
EP  - 404
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The aerodynamic interaction between an unsteady, inclined synthetic jet and a crossflow boundary layer was studied as a precursor toward applying active flow control concepts for rotor applications, such as dynamic stall control and fuselage drag reduction. Because the flowfield offered numerous challenges from a measurement perspective, several experiments were carried out using a phase-locked, two-dimensional microscopic particle image velocity technique in a building block approach, by adding one complexity after another. The procedure began with boundary layer measurements made on a simple flat plate using the microscopic particle image velocity technique. Velocity measurements were made deep in the viscous sublayer, as close as 20µm from the surface. Following this, the synthetic jet actuator was characterized while operating in quiescent air as well as in crossflow. The results showed that the evolution of the synthetic jet in crossflow was substantially different from its evolution in quiescent air, suggesting that any flow physics or performance prediction (for example, the depth of penetration of the jet into the boundary layer) made based on the quiescent flow conditions may not be applicable in crossflow. All the momentum added to the boundary layer had its source from the synthetic jet actuator, and the penetration of the jet was limited to the viscous sublayer and log layer; the outer layer was unaffected, despite using a jet to freestream velocity ratio of four. Significant effort was also made to validate the microscopic particle image velocity technique and evaluate its capability to accurately resolve such a complex flowfield. To this end, microscopic particle image velocity measurements were compared with hot-wire measurements made on a simple steady jet, as well as an unsteady, periodic synthetic jet. Excellent correlation was found between the two techniques, validating microscopic particle image velocity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HEMI engine
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - JET planes
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 49759750; Source Information: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p404; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HEMI engine; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.45794
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
AU  - Massey, Steven J.
AU  - Pao, S. Paul
T1  - Numerical Study of Flow Past Circular Cylinder Using Hybrid Turbulence Formulations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 434
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Two multiscale-type turbulence models are implemented in the PAB3D solver. The models are based on modifying Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The first scheme is a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large eddy simulation model using the two-equation kε model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large eddy simulation transition function dependent on grid spacing and the computed turbulence length scale. The second scheme is a modified version of the partially averaged Navier-Stokes model, where the unresolved kinetic energy parameter fk is allowed to vary as a function of grid spacing and the turbulence length scale. Solutions from these models are compared to Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes results and experimental data for a stationary and rotating cylinder. The parameter fk varies between zero and one and has the characteristic to be equal to one in the viscous sublayer, and when the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulent viscosity becomes smaller than the large eddy simulation viscosity. The formulation, usage methodology, and validation example are presented to demonstrate the enhancement of PAB3D's time-accurate and turbulence modeling capabilities. The models are compared to Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes results and experimental data for turbulent separated flows and laminar separated flows around stationary and rotating cylinders. For a stationary cylinder, the turbulent separated case is accurately simulated using the general two-equation kε turbulence model (eddy-viscosity model). PAB3D accurately predicts the drag coefficient CD, lift coefficient CL, and the Strouhal number St. The laminar separated case was a challenge for the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computation with an eddy-viscosity turbulence model. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes with large eddy simulation and partially averaged Navier-Stokes performed well and showed marked improvements over the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solution. The modified partially averaged Navier-Stokes model was the most accurate. For the rotating cylinder, the spin ratio varied from zero to one, and the partially averaged Navier-Stokes results were in good agreement with published experimental data. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes with large eddy simulation and partially averaged Navier-Stokes capture both temporal and spatial fluctuations and produce large-scale structures that do not occur in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation. The current results show promise for the capability of partially averaged Navier-Stokes in simulating unsteady and complex flow phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 49759724; Source Information: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p434; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.18765
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Jones, William T.
T1  - Adjoint-Based Design of Rotors in a Noninertial Reference Frame.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 638
EP  - 638
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Optimization of rotorcraft flowfields using an adjoint method generally requires a time-dependent implementation of the equations. The current study examines an intermediate approach in which a subset of rotor flowfields are cast as steady problems in a noninertial reference frame. This technique permits the use of an existing steady-state adjoint formulation with minor modifications to perform sensitivity analyses. The formulation is valid for isolated rigid rotors in hover or where the freestream velocity is aligned with the axis of rotation. Discrete consistency of the implementation is demonstrated by using comparisons with a complex-variable technique, and a number of single and multipoint optimizations for the rotorcraft figure of merit function are shown for varying blade collective angles. Design trends are shown to remain consistent as the grid is refined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - SPEED
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 49759758; Source Information: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p638; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.46044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, Rodger A.
T1  - Optimizing the Performance of Pilot Control Loaders at NASA Vertical Motion Simulator.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 682
EP  - 682
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Vertical Motion Simulator at NASA Ames Research Center uses a large array of pilot control loaders to simulate the cockpit control interfaces for a range of current and proposed future aircraft, from fixed-wing transports and fighters to rotorcraft. To meet the evolving pilot control force cueing requirements of researchers, we have provided a wider dynamic range, improved frequency response, and created smoother motion results. These improvements have focused on fine-tuning the pilot control loader's analog controller and transducers as well as defining better procedures for optimizing frequency response characteristics. Using the pitch axis on a McFadden wheel and column-type controller as an example, this paper details the optimization procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 49759741; Source Information: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p682; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.45073
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Anning Cheng
AU  - Minghua Zhang
T1  - Cloud-Resolving Simulation of Low-Cloud Feedback to an Increase in Sea Surface Temperature.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 67
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 730
EP  - 748
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study investigates the physical mechanisms of the low cloud feedback through cloud-resolving simulations of cloud-radiative equilibrium response to an increase in sea surface temperature (SST). Six pairs of perturbed and control simulations are performed to represent different regimes of low clouds in the subtropical region by specifying SST differences (ΔSST) in the range of 4 and 14 K between the warm tropical and cool subtropical regions. The SST is uniformly increased by 2 K in the perturbed set of simulations. Equilibrium states are characterized by cumulus and stratocumulus cloud regimes with variable thicknesses and vertical extents for the range of specified ΔSSTs, with the perturbed set of simulations having higher cloud bases and tops and larger geometric thicknesses. The cloud feedback effect is negative for this ΔSST range (−0.68 to −5.22 W m−2 K−1) while the clear-sky feedback effect is mostly negative (−1.45 to 0.35 W m−2 K−1). The clear-sky feedback effect contributes greatly to the climate sensitivity parameter for the cumulus cloud regime whereas the cloud feedback effect dominates for the stratocumulus regime. The increase of liquid water path (LWP) and cloud optical depth is related to the increase of cloud thickness and liquid water content with SST. The rates of change in surface latent heat flux are much higher than those of saturation water vapor pressure in the cumulus simulations. The increase in surface latent heat flux is the primary mechanism for the large change of cloud physical properties with +2 K SST, which leads to the negative cloud feedback effects. The changes in cloud fraction also contribute to the negative cloud feedback effects in the cumulus regime. Comparison of these results with prior modeling studies is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Ocean-atmosphere interaction
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Stratus clouds
KW  - Perturbation (Astronomy)
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Cloud-radiative effects
KW  - Cloud-resolving models
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Sea surface temperature
KW  - Stratiform clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 52009504; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: kuan-man.xu@nasa.gov; Anning Cheng 2; Minghua Zhang 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 3: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Issue Info: Mar2010, Vol. 67 Issue 3, p730; Thesaurus Term: Ocean temperature; Thesaurus Term: Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Stratus clouds; Subject Term: Perturbation (Astronomy); Subject Term: Heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-radiative effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-resolving models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratiform clouds; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAS3239.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Wanda L.
AU  - de Pater, Imke
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Rain infiltration and crust formation in the extreme arid zone of the Atacama Desert, Chile
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 616
EP  - 622
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: A key question in understanding life on Mars under dry(ing) conditions is how arid soils respond to small levels of liquid water. We have conducted a series of simulated rain experiments in the hyperarid core region of the Atacama Desert. Rain amounts from 0.24 to 3.55mm were applied in the early evening to the soil. We conclude that rain events of less than 1mm do not saturate the surface, and the soil humidity at the surface remains below 100%. Rain events of 2mm or more generate free water in the pore space of the soil surface, which may be necessary to support biological activity in the soil. The crust on the surface of the soil is a strong barrier to the diffusion of subsurface moisture and subsequent evaporation. Our results show that once the relative humidity in hyperarid soils begins to fall below 100% the rate of decrease is quite rapid. Thus, the precise value assumed for the limits of life or water activity, do not appreciably change the time of water availability resulting from small desert rains. The Atacama Desert results may be applied to models of (H2O) wetting in the upper soils of Mars due to light rains, melting snow and heavy precipitating fog. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Soil crusting
KW  - Rainwater
KW  - Water -- Purification
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Surfaces (Technology)
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - EARTH analogs
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Experimental rainwater infiltration
KW  - Hyperarid
KW  - Mars analogue
KW  - Soil crust
N1  - Accession Number: 48148346; Davis, Wanda L. 1,2,3; Email Address: Wanda.L.Davis@nasa.gov; de Pater, Imke 2; Email Address: idepater@astron.berkeley.edu; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: Christopher.P.McKay@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: Earth & Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94270, USA; 3: Carl Sagan Center for Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, Ca 94043, USA; Issue Info: Mar2010, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p616; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Soil crusting; Thesaurus Term: Rainwater; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Purification; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Surfaces (Technology); Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: EARTH analogs; Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental rainwater infiltration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperarid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars analogue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil crust; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2009.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Cockell, Charles S.
AU  - Snook, Kelly
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.S.
AU  - Braham, Stephen
T1  - Field geology on the Moon: Some lessons learned from the exploration of the Haughton impact structure, Devon Island, Canadian High Arctic
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 646
EP  - 657
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: With the prospect of humans returning to Moon by the end of the next decade, considerable attention is being paid to technologies required to transport astronauts to the lunar surface and then to be able to carry out surface science. Recent and ongoing initiatives have focused on scientific questions to be asked. In contrast, few studies have addressed how these scientific priorities will be achieved. In this contribution, we provide some of the lessons learned from the exploration of the Haughton impact structure, an ideal lunar analogue site in the Canadian Arctic. Essentially, by studying how geologists carry out field science, we can provide guidelines for lunar surface operations. Our goal in this contribution is to inform the engineers and managers involved in mission planning, rather than the field geology community. Our results show that the exploration of the Haughton impact structure can be broken down into 3 distinct phases: (1) reconnaissance; (2) systematic regional-scale mapping and sampling; and (3) detailed local-scale mapping and sampling. This break down is similar to the classic scientific method practiced by field geologists of regional exploratory mapping followed by directed mapping at a local scale, except that we distinguish between two different phases of exploratory mapping. Our data show that the number of stops versus the number of samples collected versus the amount of data collected varied depending on the mission phase, as does the total distance covered per EVA. Thus, operational scenarios could take these differences into account, depending on the goals and duration of the mission. Important lessons learned include the need for flexibility in mission planning in order to account for serendipitous discoveries, the highlighting of key “science supersites” that may require return visits, the need for a rugged but simple human-operated rover, laboratory space in the habitat, and adequate room for returned samples, both in the habitat and in the return vehicle. The proposed set of recommendations ideally should be tried and tested in future analogue missions at terrestrial impact sites prior to planetary missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Lunar geology
KW  - Lunar craters
KW  - Astronauts
KW  - Moon -- Surface
KW  - Lunar exploration
KW  - Devon Island (Nunavut)
KW  - Nunavut
KW  - Analogues
KW  - Apollo
KW  - Human exploration
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 48148350; Osinski, Gordon R. 1; Email Address: gosinski@uwo.ca; Lee, Pascal 2; Cockell, Charles S. 3; Snook, Kelly 3,4; Lim, Darlene S.S. 5; Braham, Stephen 6; Affiliations: 1: Departments of Earth Sciences/Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; 2: Mars Institute, SETI Institute, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 3: Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 6: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; Issue Info: Mar2010, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p646; Subject Term: Lunar geology; Subject Term: Lunar craters; Subject Term: Astronauts; Subject Term: Moon -- Surface; Subject Term: Lunar exploration; Subject: Devon Island (Nunavut); Subject: Nunavut; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analogues; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apollo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2009.10.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Chris
T1  - Is there anybody out there?
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2010/03/04/
VL  - 464
IS  - 7285
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 34
EP  - 34
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article reviews the book "The Eerie Silence: Renewing Our Search for Alien Intelligence/Are We Alone In The Universe?," by Paul Davies.
KW  - Cosmology
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Davies, Paul
KW  - Eerie Silence: Renewing Our Search for Alien Intelligence, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 48371146; McKay, Chris 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.; Issue Info: 3/4/2010, Vol. 464 Issue 7285, p34; Subject Term: Cosmology; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Eerie Silence: Renewing Our Search for Alien Intelligence, The (Book); People: Davies, Paul; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1038/464034a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, J. N.
AU  - Burns, J. A.
AU  - Charnoz, S.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Colwell, J. E.
AU  - Dones, L.
AU  - Esposito, L. W.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - French, R. G.
AU  - Hedman, M. M.
AU  - Kempf, S.
AU  - Marouf, E. A.
AU  - Murray, C. D.
AU  - Nicholson, P. D.
AU  - Porco, C. C.
AU  - Schmidt, J.
AU  - Showalter, M. R.
AU  - Spilker, L. J.
AU  - Spitale, J. N.
AU  - Srama, R.
T1  - An Evolving View of Saturn's Dynamic Rings.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/03/19/
VL  - 327
IS  - 5972
M3  - Article
SP  - 1470
EP  - 1475
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We review our understanding of Saturn's rings after nearly 6 years of observations by the Cassini spacecraft. Saturn's rings are composed mostly of water ice but also contain an undetermined reddish contaminant. The rings exhibit a range of structure across many spatial scales; some of this involves the interplay of the fluid nature and the self-gravity of innumerable orbiting centimeter- to meter-sized particles, and the effects of several peripheral and embedded moonlets, but much remains unexplained. A few aspects of ring structure change on time scales as short as days. It remains unclear whether the vigorous evolutionary processes to which the rings are subject imply a much younger age than that of the solar system. Processes on view at Saturn have parallels in circumstellar disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Water -- Research
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
KW  - RING system
KW  - Artificial satellites in remote sensing
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Planets -- Observations
KW  - Natural satellites -- Orbits
KW  - Disks (Astrophysics)
KW  - Protoplanetary disks
KW  - Solar system -- Origin
N1  - Accession Number: 48969970; Cuzzi, J. N. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.cuzzi@nasa.gov; Burns, J. A. 2; Charnoz, S. 3; Clark, R. N. 4; Colwell, J. E. 5; Dones, L. 6; Esposito, L. W. 7; Filacchione, G. 8; French, R. G. 9; Hedman, M. M. 2; Kempf, S. 10; Marouf, E. A. 11; Murray, C. D. 12; Nicholson, P. D. 2; Porco, C. C. 13; Schmidt, J. 14; Showalter, M. R. 15; Spilker, L. J. 16; Spitale, J. N. 13; Srama, R. 10; Affiliations: 1: Ames Research Center, NASA, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 3: Laboratoire Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Université Paris Diderot/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France; 4: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA; 5: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; 6: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 7: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA; 8: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Rome 00133, Italy; 9: Astronomy Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA; 10: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany; 11: Electrical Engineering Department, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; 12: Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK; 13: Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS), Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 14: Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Germany; 15: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 16: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Issue Info: 3/19/2010, Vol. 327 Issue 5972, p1470; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Research; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Subject Term: RING system; Subject Term: Artificial satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Planets -- Observations; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Orbits; Subject Term: Disks (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Protoplanetary disks; Subject Term: Solar system -- Origin; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Margaret B.
AU  - Michelsen, Rebecca R.H.
AU  - Axson, Jessica L.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
T1  - Uptake of acetone, acetaldehyde and ethanol in cold sulfuric acid solutions containing organic material: Carbon accretion mechanisms
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/03/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1145
EP  - 1151
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: The solubilities of acetone, ethanol and acetaldehyde in cold ternary solutions composed of 38.4–75.0 wt% sulfuric acid in water with additional dissolved organic material have been measured over the temperature range 214.4–238.5 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. The solubility of acetaldehyde in H2SO4/H2O is enhanced by an order of magnitude by the presence of ethanol or acetone. The reactive uptake of acetaldehyde is enhanced by the presence of formaldehyde in acid solution. No significant formation of acetals from ethanol with carbonyl partners was observed. The solubility of acetone is unaffected by the presence of ethanol in solution and vice versa. Only polymerization of small aldehydes offers a potentially significant route to the accretion of organic material into acidic particles in the upper troposphere. The acid-catalyzed polymerization of aldehydes, RC(H)#xa0;R′C(H)ds through the hydrated forms of the aldehydes, is optimized at acidities around 40 wt% H2SO4, and can potentially accumulate significant amounts (>20%) of organic material by mass in upper tropospheric particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Acetone
KW  - Acetaldehyde
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Sulfuric acid
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Solution (Chemistry)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Acid-catalyzed
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Carbonyl
KW  - Liquid-phase reaction
KW  - Organic
N1  - Accession Number: 48349010; Williams, Margaret B. 1; Michelsen, Rebecca R.H. 2; Axson, Jessica L. 2; Iraci, Laura T. 1; Email Address: Laura.T.Iraci@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Science Branch, MS 245-5, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA; Issue Info: Mar2010, Vol. 44 Issue 9, p1145; Thesaurus Term: Acetone; Thesaurus Term: Acetaldehyde; Thesaurus Term: Alcohol; Thesaurus Term: Sulfuric acid; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Solution (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acid-catalyzed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbonyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid-phase reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Millet, D. B.
AU  - Guenther, A.
AU  - Siegel, D. A.
AU  - Nelson, N. B.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - de Gouw, J. A.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Williams, J.
AU  - Eerdekens, G.
AU  - Sinha, V.
AU  - Karl, T.
AU  - Flocke, F.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Riemer, D. D.
AU  - Palmer, P. I.
AU  - Barkley, M.
T1  - Global atmospheric budget of acetaldehyde: 3-D model analysis and constraints from in-situ and satellite observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3405
EP  - 3425
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We construct a global atmospheric budget for acetaldehyde using a 3-D model of atmospheric chemistry (GEOS-Chem), and use an ensemble of observations to evaluate present understanding of its sources and sinks. Hydrocarbon oxidation provides the largest acetaldehyde source in the model (128 Tg a-1, a factor of 4 greater than the previous estimate), with alkanes, alkenes, and ethanol the main precursors. There is also a minor source from isoprene oxidation. We use an updated chemical mechanism for GEOSChem, and photochemical acetaldehyde yields are consistent with the Master Chemical Mechanism. We present a new approach to quantifying the acetaldehyde air-sea flux based on the global distribution of light absorption due to colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) derived from satellite ocean color observations. The resulting net ocean emission is 57 Tg a-1, the second largest global source of acetaldehyde. A key uncertainty is the acetaldehyde turnover time in the ocean mixed layer, with quantitative model evaluation over the ocean complicated by known measurement artifacts in clean air. Simulated concentrations in surface air over the ocean generally agree well with aircraft measurements, though the model tends to overestimate the vertical gradient. PAN:NOx ratios are well-simulated in the marine boundary layer, providing some support for the modeled ocean source. We introduce the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGANv2.1) for acetaldehyde and ethanol and use it to quantify their net flux from living terrestrial plants. Including emissions from decaying plants the total direct acetaldehyde source from the land biosphere is 23 Tg a-1. Other terrestrial acetaldehyde sources include biomass burning (3 Tg a-1) and anthropogenic emissions (2 Tg a-1). Simulated concentrations in the continental boundary layer are generally unbiased and capture the spatial gradients seen in observations over North America, Europe, and tropical South America. However, the model underestimates acetaldehyde levels in urban outflow, suggesting a missing source in polluted air. Ubiquitous high measured concentrations in the free troposphere are not captured by the model, and based on present understanding are not consistent with concurrent measurements of PAN and NOx: we find no compelling evidence for a widespread missing acetaldehyde source in the free troposphere. We estimate the current US source of ethanol and acetaldehyde (primary + secondary) at 1.3 Tg a-1 and 7.8 Tg a-1, approximately 60% and 480% of the corresponding increases expected for a national transition from gasoline to ethanol fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Acetaldehyde
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Hydrocarbons -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Isoprene
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Ocean color
N1  - Accession Number: 49831350; Millet, D. B. 1; Email Address: dbm@umn.edu; Guenther, A. 2; Siegel, D. A. 3; Nelson, N. B. 3; Singh, H. B. 4; de Gouw, J. A. 5; Warneke, C. 5; Williams, J. 6; Eerdekens, G. 6; Sinha, V. 6; Karl, T. 2; Flocke, F. 2; Apel, E. 2; Riemer, D. D. 7; Palmer, P. I. 8; Barkley, M. 8; Affiliations: 1: University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; 2: NCAR, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: University of California, Santa Barbara, Institute for Computational Earth System Science, Santa Barbara, California, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 5: NOAA ESRL, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 6: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; 7: University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Miami, Florida, USA; 8: University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, Edinburgh, UK; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p3405; Thesaurus Term: Acetaldehyde; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Subject Term: Isoprene; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject Term: Ocean color; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, T. W.
AU  - Martin, R. V.
AU  - van Donkelaar, A.
AU  - Leaitch, W. R.
AU  - MacDonald, A. M.
AU  - Anlauf, K. G.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Bertram, T. H.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Flocke, F. M.
AU  - Tarasick, D. W.
AU  - Thompson, A. M.
AU  - Streets, D. G.
AU  - Liu, X.
T1  - Trans-Pacific transport of reactive nitrogen and ozone to Canada during spring.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 8717
EP  - 8764
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We interpret observations from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment, Phase B (INTEX-B) in spring 2006 using a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to evaluate sensitivities of the Pacific and North American free troposphere to Asian anthropogenic emissions. We develop a method to use satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns to provide timely estimates of trends in NOx emissions. NOx emissions increased by 33% for China and 29% for East Asia from 2003 to 2006. We examine measurements from three aircraft platforms from the INTEX-B campaign, including a Canadian Cessna taking vertical profiles of ozone near Whistler Peak. The contribution to the mean simulated ozone profiles over Whistler is at least 7.2 ppbv for Asian anthropogenic emissions and at least 3.5 ppbv for lightning NOx emissions. Tropospheric ozone columns from OMI exhibit a broad Asian outflow plume across the Pacific, which is reproduced by simulation. Mean modelled sensitivities of Pacific (30° N-60° N) tropospheric ozone columns are at least 4.6 DU for Asian anthropogenic emissions and at least 3.3 DU for lightning, as determined by simulations excluding either source. Enhancements of ozone over Canada from Asian anthropogenic emissions reflect a combination of trans-Pacific transport of ozone produced over Asia, and ozone produced in the eastern Pacific through decomposition of peroxyacetyl nitrates (PANs). A sensitivity study decoupling PANs from the model's chemical mechanism establishes that PANs increase ozone production by removing NOx from regions of low ozone production efficiency (OPE) and injecting it into regions with higher OPE, resulting in a global increase in ozone production by 2%. PANs contribute up to 4 ppbv to surface springtime ozone concentrations in western Canada. Ozone production due to PAN transport is greatest in the eastern Pacific; persistent winds advect this ozone northeastward into Canada. Transport events observed by the aircraft confirm that polluted airmasses were advected in this way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Continuous emission monitoring
KW  - Peroxyacetyl nitrate
KW  - Peroxides
N1  - Accession Number: 51503376; Walker, T. W. 1; Email Address: twalker@atmosp.physics.utoroto.ca; Martin, R. V. 1,2; van Donkelaar, A. 1; Leaitch, W. R. 3; MacDonald, A. M. 3; Anlauf, K. G. 3; Cohen, R. C. 4; Bertram, T. H. 5; Huey, L. G. 6; Avery, M. A. 7; Weinheimer, A. J. 8; Flocke, F. M. 8; Tarasick, D. W. 3; Thompson, A. M. 9; Streets, D. G. 10; Liu, X. 11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics & Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; 2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 4: College of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; 6: School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 7: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 8: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 9: Meteorology Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 10: Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA; 11: University of Baltimore County (UMBC), Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology (GEST), Baltimore, MA, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p8717; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Continuous emission monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Peroxyacetyl nitrate; Thesaurus Term: Peroxides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 48p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 9 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Dessler, Andrew E.
AU  - Ou, Steve S. C.
AU  - Kuo-Nan Liou
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - CONTRAILS AND INDUCED CIRRUS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 91
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 478
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article presents studies on the radiative impact of contrails and contrail cirrus. Researchers used satellite data in investigating the evolution of contrail cluster's radiative properties and indicated that the shape of ice crystal might exert significant impacts on contrail radiative forcing. Another study reveals that contrail ice crystals showed several ice habits from in situ samples.
KW  - Condensation trails
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 54457960; Ping Yang 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu; Gang Hong 1; Dessler, Andrew E. 1; Ou, Steve S. C. 2; Kuo-Nan Liou 2; Minnis, Patrick 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, and Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Apr2010, Vol. 91 Issue 4, p473; Thesaurus Term: Condensation trails; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Ice crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/3009BAMS2837.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palinkas, Lawrence A.
AU  - Reedy, Kathleen R.
AU  - Shepanek, Marc
AU  - Reeves, Dennis
AU  - Samuel Case, H.
AU  - Van Do, Nhan
AU  - Lester Reed, H.
T1  - A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and short-term exposure to bright light in prevention of decrements in cognitive performance and mood during prolonged Antarctic residence.
JO  - Clinical Endocrinology
JF  - Clinical Endocrinology
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 72
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 543
EP  - 550
SN  - 03000664
AB  - Objective  We examined the effects of a combined levothyroxine/liothyronine supplement and exposure to bright (10,000 lux) light in euthyroid men and women who spent the austral summer ( n = 43) and/or winter ( n = 42) in Antarctica. Methods  Subjects were randomized to receive 64 nmol of levothyroxine and 16 nmol of liothyronine supplement or a placebo capsule for 93·2 ± 3·0 days in summer and/or 149·5 ± 2·2 days in winter. Subjects were further randomized to receive 10,000 lux bright white light or 50 lux dim red light for 14 days at the end of summer and/or winter. Cognitive performance and mood were assessed using the Automatic Neuropsychological Assessment Metric – Isolated and Confined Environments. Results  In winter, bright light exposure was associated with a significantly greater reduction in TSH and anger ( P < 0·05), a significantly greater increase in fT3 ( P < 0·05), and a significantly smaller increase in depressive symptoms ( P < 0·001), when compared with dim light. The T4/T3 supplement also led to a significantly greater reduction in TSH ( P < 0·05), but a greater reduction in cognitive task efficiency ( P < 0·05) as well, when compared with placebo. Conclusion  Administration of bright light leads to a significant reduction in serum TSH and prevents increases in anger and depressive symptoms in winter. However, these associations were not observed in summer, suggesting a seasonal influence of photoperiod over temperature upon this intervention in the polar environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Clinical Endocrinology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRIIODOTHYRONINE
KW  - RANDOMIZED controlled trials
KW  - THYROID hormones
KW  - PLACEBOS (Medicine)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 48368268; Palinkas, Lawrence A. 1; Email Address: palinkas@usc.edu; Reedy, Kathleen R. 2; Shepanek, Marc 3; Reeves, Dennis 4; Samuel Case, H. 5; Van Do, Nhan 6; Lester Reed, H. 7; Source Information: Apr2010, Vol. 72 Issue 4, p543; Subject: TRIIODOTHYRONINE; Subject: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject: THYROID hormones; Subject: PLACEBOS (Medicine); Geographic Terms: ANTARCTICA; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03669.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Molaro, Jamie L.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Processes controlling rapid temperature variations on rock surfaces.
JO  - Earth Surface Processes & Landforms
JF  - Earth Surface Processes & Landforms
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 507
SN  - 01979337
AB  - The article presents a study on the processes which control rapid temperature variations on rock surfaces. It notes that temperature was measured on the surface of rocks in a desert environment with simultaneous measurements of wind speed, air temperature, and shortwave radiation. The results show that the maximum values of temperature change and time spent above 2°C min-1 increased at high measurement rates and maximum recorded value of dT/dt was 137°C min-1.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Weathering
KW  - Upper air temperature
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Rocks
KW  - Temperature measurements
KW  - Wind speed
KW  - rock weathering
KW  - surface temperature
KW  - time scale
KW  - wind fluctuations
N1  - Accession Number: 50499404; Molaro, Jamie L. 1; Email Address: jmolaro@gmail.com; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Apr2010, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p501; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Weathering; Thesaurus Term: Upper air temperature; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Subject Term: Rocks; Subject Term: Temperature measurements; Subject Term: Wind speed; Author-Supplied Keyword: rock weathering; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: time scale; Author-Supplied Keyword: wind fluctuations; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/esp.1957
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KOUNAVES, SAMUEL P.
AU  - STROBLE, SHANNON T.
AU  - ANDERSON, RACHEL M.
AU  - MOORE, QUINCY
AU  - CATLING, DAVID C.
AU  - DOUGLAS, SUSANNE
AU  - MCKAY, CHRISTOPHER P.
AU  - MING, DOUGLAS W.
AU  - SMITH, PETER H.
AU  - TAMPPARI, LESLIE K.
AU  - ZENT, AARON P.
T1  - Discovery of Natural Perchlorate in the Antarctic Dry Valleys and Its Global Implications.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2010/04//4/1/2010
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2360
EP  - 2364
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - In the past few years, it has become increasingly apparent that perchlorate (ClO4-) is present on all continents, except the polar regions where it had not yet been assessed, and that it may have a significant natural source. Here, we report on the discovery of perchlorate in soil and ice from several Antarctic Dry Valleys (ADVs) where concentrations reach up to 1100 μg/kg. In the driest ADV, perchlorate correlates with atmospherically deposited nitrate. Far from anthropogenic activity, ADV perchlorate provides unambiguous evidence that natural perchlorate is ubiquitous on Earth. The discovery has significant implications for the origin of perchlorate, its global biogeochemical interactions, and possible interactions with the polar ice sheets. The results support the hypotheses that perchlorate is produced globally and continuously in the Earth's atmosphere, that it typically accumulates in hyperarid areas, and that it does not build up in oceans or other wet environments most likely because of microbial reduction on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Nitrates -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Valleys
KW  - Perchlorates -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles
KW  - Ice sheets -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Atmospheric deposition
KW  - Antarctica -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 49103108; KOUNAVES, SAMUEL P. 1; Email Address: samuel.kounaves@tufts.edu; STROBLE, SHANNON T. 1; ANDERSON, RACHEL M. 1; MOORE, QUINCY 1; CATLING, DAVID C. 2; DOUGLAS, SUSANNE 3; MCKAY, CHRISTOPHER P. 4; MING, DOUGLAS W. 5; SMITH, PETER H. 6; TAMPPARI, LESLIE K. 3; ZENT, AARON P. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155.; 2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109.; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.; 5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058.; 6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721.; Issue Info: 4/1/2010, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p2360; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Valleys; Subject Term: Perchlorates -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Biogeochemical cycles; Subject Term: Ice sheets -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Atmospheric deposition; Subject Term: Antarctica -- Environmental conditions; Subject: Antarctica; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Testifying at NTSB Public Hearings.
AU  - DISMUKES, R. KEY
AU  - BURIAN, BARBARA K.
JO  - Ergonomics in Design
JF  - Ergonomics in Design
Y1  - 2010///Spring2010
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
SP  - 28
EP  - 30
SN  - 10648046
N1  - Accession Number: 52353553; Author: DISMUKES, R. KEY: 1 Author: BURIAN, BARBARA K.: 2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Chief scientist for human factors, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center: 2 Research psychologist, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center; No. of Pages: 3; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20100722
N2  - The article discusses information from human factors or ergonomics that were presented by the authors when they testify at public hearings conducted by the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board concerning two high-profile airline accidents in 2009. They mention that the focus of attention of pilots has very limited capacity, which means that distractions can be treacherous to them and cause them to lose track of their original task. According to the authors, monitoring techniques should be taught to pilots and feedback should be given to them.
KW  - *ERGONOMICS
KW  - *AERONAUTICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Transportation Safety Board
KW  - SAFETY measures
KW  - DESIGN -- Human factors
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - accident investigation
KW  - aviation safety
KW  - human factors
KW  - pilot performance
KW  - testimony
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bearman, Christopher
AU  - Paletz, Susannah B. F.
AU  - Orasanu, Judith
AU  - Thomas, Matthew J. W.
T1  - The Breakdown of Coordinated Decision Making in Distributed Systems.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 173
EP  - 188
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - Objective: This article aims to explore the nature and resolution of breakdowns in coordinated decision making in distributed safety-critical systems. Background: In safety-critical domains, people with different roles and responsibilities often must work together to make coordinated decisions while geographically distributed. Although there is likely to be a large degree of overlap in the shared mental models of these people on the basis of procedures and experience, subtle differences may exist. Method: Study 1 involves using Aviation Safety Reporting System reports to explore the ways in which coordinated decision making breaks down between pilots and air traffic controllers and the way in which the breakdowns are resolved. Study 2 replicates and extends those findings with the use of transcripts from the Apollo 13 National Aeronautics and Space Administration space mission. Results: Across both studies, breakdowns were caused in part by different types of lower-level breakdowns (or disconnects), which are labeled as operational, informational, or evaluative. Evaluative disconnects were found to be significantly harder to resolve than other types of disconnects. Conclusion: Considering breakdowns according to the type of disconnect involved appears to capture useful information that should assist accident and incident investigators. The current trend in aviation of shifting responsibilities and providing increasingly more information to pilots may have a hidden cost of increasing evaluative disconnects. Application: The proposed taxonomy facilitates the investigation of breakdowns in coordinated decision making and draws attention to the importance of considering subtle differences between participants' mental models when considering complex distributed systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Group problem solving
KW  - Mental models theory (Communication)
KW  - Aeronautics -- Safety measures
KW  - Problem solving
N1  - Accession Number: 53739538; Bearman, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.bearman@unisa.edu.au; Paletz, Susannah B. F. 2; Orasanu, Judith 2; Thomas, Matthew J. W. 1; Affiliations: 1: University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Issue Info: Apr2010, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p173; Subject Term: Decision making; Subject Term: Group problem solving; Subject Term: Mental models theory (Communication); Subject Term: Aeronautics -- Safety measures; Subject Term: Problem solving; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0018720810372104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Düstegör, Dilek
AU  - Poroseva, Svetlana V.
AU  - Hussaini, M. Yousuff
AU  - Woodruff, Stephen
T1  - Automated Graph-Based Methodology for Fault Detection and Location in Power Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
PY  - 2010/04//
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 638
EP  - 646
SN  - 08858977
AB  - This study investigates how the model-based fault detection and location approach of structural analysis can be adapted to meet the needs of power systems, where challenges associated with increased system complexity make conventional protection schemes impractical. With a global view of the protected system and the systematic and automated use of the system's analytical redundancy, faults are detected and located by more than one means. This redundancy can be used as a confirmation mechanism within a wide-area protection scheme to avoid unnecessary or false tripping due to protection component failure or disturbance. Furthermore, this redundancy turns the sensor configuration problem into an optimization problem with regard to fault detection and location. The effectiveness of different system topologies can then be compared on the basis of the optimal number of sensors they require. The principle of structural analysis is described in detail and illustrated on a simple power system model. Pertinence of the approach is demonstrated through simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power systems -- Protection
KW  - PROTECTIVE relays
KW  - ASSOCIATION schemes (Combinatorics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - ELECTRIC power distribution
KW  - ELECTRIC power transmission
N1  - Accession Number: 50995255; Source Information: Apr2010, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p638; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems -- Protection; Subject Term: PROTECTIVE relays; Subject Term: ASSOCIATION schemes (Combinatorics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power transmission; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2037005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - He, Chunmei
AU  - Oravec, Heather
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
AU  - Agui, Juan
AU  - Asnani, Vivake
T1  - Geotechnical Properties of JSC-1A Lunar Soil Simulant.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2010/04//
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 116
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - For the success of planned missions to the moon in the near future, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the geotechnical behavior of lunar soil. However, only a limited amount of information is available about geotechnical properties of lunar soils. In addition, the amount of lunar soils brought back to Earth is small. To help the development of new regolith moving machines and vehicles that will be used in future missions, a new lunar soil similant JSC-1A has been developed. A group of conventional geotechnical laboratory tests was conducted to characterize the geotechnical properties of the simulant, such as particle size distribution, maximum and minimum bulk densities, compaction characteristics, shear strength parameters, and compressibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - MOON
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - LUNAR regolith simulants
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 48591518; Source Information: Apr2010, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p111; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: LUNAR regolith simulants; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Kooi, Susan A.
AU  - Dunion, Jason P.
AU  - Heymsfield, Gerry
AU  - Notari, Anthony
AU  - Butler, Carolyn F.
AU  - Burton, Sharon
AU  - Fenn, Marta
AU  - Krishnamurti, T. N.
AU  - Biswas, Mrinal K.
AU  - Gao Chen
AU  - Anderson, Bruce
T1  - LASE Measurements of Water Vapor, Aerosol, and Cloud Distributions in Saharan Air Layers and Tropical Disturbances.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 67
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1026
EP  - 1047
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) on board the NASA DC-8 measured high-resolution profiles of water vapor and aerosols, and cloud distributions in 14 flights over the eastern North Atlantic during the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) field experiment. These measurements were used to study African easterly waves (AEWs), tropical cyclones (TCs), and the Saharan air layer (SAL). These LASE measurements represent the first simultaneous water vapor and aerosol lidar measurements to study the SAL and its interactions with AEWs and TCs. Three case studies were selected for detailed analysis: (i) a stratified SAL, with fine structure and layering (unlike a well-mixed SAL), (ii) a SAL with high relative humidity (RH), and (iii) an AEW surrounded by SAL dry air intrusions. Profile measurements of aerosol scattering ratios, aerosol extinction coefficients, aerosol optical thickness, water vapor mixing ratios, RH, and temperature are presented to illustrate their characteristics in the SAL, convection, and clear air regions. LASE extinction-to-backscatter ratios for the dust layers varied from 35 ± 5 to 45 ± 5 sr, well within the range of values determined by other lidar systems. LASE aerosol extinction and water vapor profiles are validated by comparison with onboard in situ aerosol measurements and GPS dropsonde water vapor soundings, respectively. An analysis of LASE data suggests that the SAL suppresses low-altitude convection. Midlevel convection associated with the AEW and transport are likely responsible for high water vapor content observed in the southern regions of the SAL on 20 August 2008. This interaction is responsible for the transfer of about 7 × 1015 J (or 8 × 103 J m−2) latent heat energy within a day to the SAL. Initial modeling studies that used LASE water vapor profiles show sensitivity to and improvements in model forecasts of an AEW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Africa
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Tropics
KW  - Water vapor
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 52009521; Ismail, Syed 1; Email Address: syed.ismail-1@nasa.gov; Ferrare, Richard A. 1; Browell, Edward V. 1; Kooi, Susan A. 2; Dunion, Jason P. 3; Heymsfield, Gerry 4; Notari, Anthony 2; Butler, Carolyn F. 2; Burton, Sharon 2; Fenn, Marta 2; Krishnamurti, T. N. 5; Biswas, Mrinal K. 5; Gao Chen 1; Anderson, Bruce 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; 3: NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, College Park, Maryland; 5: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; Issue Info: Apr2010, Vol. 67 Issue 4, p1026; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Subject Term: Optical radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAS3136.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
AU  - Glenar, David A.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Richard, Denis T.
T1  - Optical scattering processes observed at the Moon: Predictions for the LADEE Ultraviolet Spectrometer
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 58
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 830
EP  - 837
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft will orbit the Moon at an altitude of ≈50km with a payload that includes the Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) instrument, which will obtain high spectral resolution measurements at near-ultraviolet and visible wavelengths (≈231–826nm). When LADEE/UVS observes the lunar limb from within the shadow of the Moon it is anticipated that it will detect a lunar horizon glow (LHG) due to sunlight scattered from submicron exospheric dust, as well as emission lines from exospheric gases (particularly sodium), in the presence of the bright coronal and zodiacal light (CZL) background. A modularized code has been developed at NMSU for simulations of scattered light sources as observed by orbiting instruments in lunar shadow. Predictions for the LADEE UVS and star tracker cameras indicate that LHG, sodium (Na) emission lines, and CZL can be distinguished based on spatial morphology and spectral characteristics, with LHG dominant at blue wavelengths (∼250–450nm) and small tangent heights. If present, LHG should be readily detected by LADEE/UVS and distinguishable from other sources of optical scattering. Observations from UVS and the other instruments aboard LADEE will significantly advance our understanding of how the Moon interacts with the surrounding space environment; these new insights will be applicable to the many other airless bodies in the solar system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Ultraviolet spectrometry
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Moon
KW  - Lunar exploration
KW  - Moon -- Observations
KW  - Horizon glow
KW  - LADEE
KW  - Lunar exosphere
KW  - Optical scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 48728424; Stubbs, Timothy J. 1,2,3; Email Address: Timothy.J.Stubbs@nasa.gov; Glenar, David A. 3,4,5; Colaprete, Anthony 3,6; Richard, Denis T. 6,7; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 695, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Astronomy Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA; 5: Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 7: San José State University Research Foundation, San José, CA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2010, Vol. 58 Issue 5, p830; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Lunar dust; Subject Term: Ultraviolet spectrometry; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Moon; Subject Term: Lunar exploration; Subject Term: Moon -- Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horizon glow; Author-Supplied Keyword: LADEE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical scattering; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.01.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jorgensen, Charles
AU  - Dusan, Sorin
T1  - Speech interfaces based upon surface electromyography
JO  - Speech Communication
JF  - Speech Communication
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 354
EP  - 366
SN  - 01676393
AB  - Abstract: This paper discusses the use of surface electromyography (EMG) to recognize and synthesize speech. The acoustic speech signal can be significantly corrupted by high noise in the environment or impeded by garments or masks. Such situations occur, for example, when firefighters wear pressurized suits with self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or when astronauts perform operations in pressurized gear. In these conditions it is important to capture and transmit clear speech commands in spite of a corrupted or distorted acoustic speech signal. One way to mitigate this problem is to use surface electromyography to capture activity of speech articulators and then, either recognize spoken commands from EMG signals or use these signals to synthesize acoustic speech commands. We describe a set of experiments for both speech recognition and speech synthesis based on surface electromyography and discuss the lessons learned about the characteristics of the EMG signal for these domains. The experiments include speech recognition in high noise based on 15 commands for firefighters wearing self-contained breathing apparatus, a sub-vocal speech robotic platform control experiment based on five words, a speech recognition experiment testing recognition of vowels and consonants, and a speech synthesis experiment based on an articulatory speech synthesizer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Speech Communication is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Speech perception
KW  - Articulation (Speech)
KW  - Signal processing
KW  - Speech synthesis
KW  - Electromyography
KW  - Electrophysiology
KW  - Breathing apparatus
KW  - Articulatory synthesis
KW  - Bioelectric control
KW  - EMG
KW  - Speech recognition
N1  - Accession Number: 48378994; Jorgensen, Charles 1; Email Address: Charles.Jorgensen@nasa.gov; Dusan, Sorin 2; Affiliations: 1: Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: MCT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Apr2010, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p354; Thesaurus Term: Speech perception; Thesaurus Term: Articulation (Speech); Thesaurus Term: Signal processing; Thesaurus Term: Speech synthesis; Subject Term: Electromyography; Subject Term: Electrophysiology; Subject Term: Breathing apparatus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Articulatory synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioelectric control; Author-Supplied Keyword: EMG; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speech recognition; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.specom.2009.11.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairlie, T. D.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Alexander, B.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - van Donkelaar, A.
AU  - hang, L.
T1  - Impact of mineral dust on nitrate, sulfate, and ozone in transpacific Asian pollution plumes.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/04/15/
VL  - 10
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3999
EP  - 4012
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use a 3-D global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret aircraft observations of nitrate and sulfate partitioning in transpacific dust plumes during the INTEX-B campaign of April-May 2006. The model includes explicit transport of size-resolved mineral dust and its alkalinity, nitrate, and sulfate content. The observations show that particulate nitrate is primarily associated with dust, sulfate is primarily associated with ammonium, and Asian dust remains alkaline across the Pacific. This can be reproduced in the model by using a reactive uptake coefficient for HNO3 on dust ( γ(HNO3) ∼10-3) much lower than commonly assumed in models and possibly reflecting limitation of uptake by dust dissolution. The model overestimates gasphase HNO3 by a factor of 2-3, typical of previous model studies; we show that this cannot be corrected by uptake on dust. We find that the fraction of aerosol nitrate on dust in the model increases from ∼30% in fresh Asian outflow to 80-90% over the Northeast Pacific, reflecting in part the volatilization of ammonium nitrate and the resulting transfer of nitrate to the dust. Consumption of dust alkalinity by uptake of acid gases in the model is slow relative to the lifetime of dust against deposition, so that dust does not acidify (at least not in the bulk). This limits the potential for dust iron released by acidification to become bio-available upon dust deposition. Observations in INTEX-B show no detectable ozone depletion in Asian dust plumes, consistent with the model. Uptake of HNO3 by dust, suppressing its recycling to NOx, reduces Asian pollution influence on US surface ozone in the model by 10-15% or up to 1 ppb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrates -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Mineral dusts -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Sulfates -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 50421897; Fairlie, T. D. 1,2; Email Address: t.d.fairlie@nasa.gov; Jacob, D. J. 2,3; Dibb, J. E. 4; Alexander, B. 5; Avery, M. A. 1; van Donkelaar, A. 6; hang, L. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; 2: Dept. Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 3: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA; 4: Climate Change Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 5: Dept. Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 6: Dept. Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 4R2, Canada; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 8, p3999; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: Mineral dusts -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Sulfates -- Environmental aspects; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, T.
AU  - Nefian, A. V.
AU  - Broxton, M. J.
T1  - Photometric recovery of Apollo metric imagery with Lunar-Lambertian reflectance.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2010/04/29/
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 631
EP  - 633
SN  - 00135194
AB  - The scene radiance of the lunar surface, the reflectance of which depends on the topographical configuration is reconstructed from Apollo orbital imagery. The pixel value is determined by the camera response of sensor exposure which is proportional to scene radiance, lunar reflectance and exposure time. Based on the Lunar-Lambertian reflectance model, the point-wise reflectance is pre-calculated from the Apollo metadata and digital elevation models. The surface radiance, exposure time and camera response are estimated by the maximum likelihood method for sensor exposure which follows a continuous Poisson distribution with the mean of surface radiance. An alternating parameter scheme is proposed to determine the one family of parameters from the others. The photometric recovery of ortho-images derived from Apollo 15 metric camera imagery is presented to show the validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - POISSON distribution
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - METADATA
KW  - CAMERAS
N1  - Accession Number: 49807593; Kim, T. 1; Email Address: tmkim@kaist.ac.kr; Nefian, A. V. 2; Broxton, M. J. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.; 2: Intelligent Robotics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: 4/29/2010, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p631; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: POISSON distribution; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: METADATA; Subject Term: CAMERAS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423410 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414430 Photographic equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443145 Camera and photographic supplies stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2010.0032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campins, Humberto
AU  - Hargrove, Kelsey
AU  - Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi
AU  - Howell, Ellen S.
AU  - Kelley, Michael S.
AU  - Licandro, Javier
AU  - Mothé-Diniz, T.
AU  - Fernández, Y.
AU  - Ziffer, Julie
T1  - Water ice and organics on the surface of the asteroid 24 Themis.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2010/04/29/
VL  - 464
IS  - 7293
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1321
SN  - 00280836
AB  - It has been suggested that Earth’s current supply of water was delivered by asteroids, some time after the collision that produced the Moon (which would have vaporized any of the pre-existing water). So far, no measurements of water ice on asteroids have been made, but its presence has been inferred from the comet-like activity of several small asteroids, including two members of the Themis dynamical family. Here we report infrared spectra of the asteroid 24 Themis which show that ice and organic compounds are not only present on its surface but also prevalent. Infrared spectral differences between it and other asteroids make 24 Themis unique so far, and our identification of ice and organics agrees with independent results that rule out other compounds as possible sources of the observed spectral structure. The widespread presence of surface ice on 24 Themis is somewhat unexpected because of the relatively short lifetime of exposed ice at this distance (∼3.2 au) from the Sun. Nevertheless, there are several plausible sources, such as a subsurface reservoir that brings water to the surface through ‘impact gardening’ and/or sublimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Gardening
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Comets
N1  - Accession Number: 49787333; Campins, Humberto 1; Email Address: campins@physics.ucf.edu; Hargrove, Kelsey 1; Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi 2; Howell, Ellen S. 3; Kelley, Michael S. 4; Licandro, Javier 5,6; Mothé-Diniz, T. 7; Fernández, Y. 1; Ziffer, Julie 8; Affiliations: 1: University of Central Florida, PO Box 162385, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, USA; 2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 3: NAIC-Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00612; 4: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; 5: Instituto de Astrofi'sica de Canarias, Calle Vi'a La'ctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain; 6: Department of Astrophysics, University of La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain; 7: Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, RJ 20080-090, Brazil; 8: University of Southern Maine, Department of Physics, Portland, Maine 04104, USA; Issue Info: 4/29/2010, Vol. 464 Issue 7293, p1320; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Gardening; Subject Term: Asteroids; Subject Term: Infrared spectra; Subject Term: Comets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561730 Landscaping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature09029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lyapustin, A.
AU  - Gatebe, C. K.
AU  - Kahn, R.
AU  - Brandt, R.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Russell, P.
AU  - King, M. D.
AU  - Pedersen, C. A.
AU  - Gerland, S.
AU  - Poudyal, R.
AU  - Marshak, A.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Schaaf, C.
AU  - Hall, D.
AU  - Kokhanovsky, A.
T1  - Analysis of snow bidirectional reflectance from ARCTAS Spring-2008 Campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 10
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4359
EP  - 4375
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The spring 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment was one of major intensive field campaigns of the International Polar Year aimed at detailed characterization of atmospheric physical and chemical processes in the Arctic region. A part of this campaign was a unique snow bidirectional reflectance experiment on the NASA P-3B aircraft conducted on 7 and 15 April by the Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) jointly with airborne Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS) and ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sunphotometers. The CAR data were atmospherically corrected to derive snow bidirectional reflectance at high 1° angular resolution in view zenith and azimuthal angles along with surface albedo. The derived albedo was generally in good agreement with ground albedo measurements collected on 15 April. The CAR snow bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) was used to study the accuracy of analytical Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS), Modified Rahman-Pinty-Verstraete (MRPV) and Asymptotic Analytical Radiative Transfer (AART) BRF models. Except for the glint region (azimuthal angles φ < 40°), the best fit MRPV and RTLS models fit snow BRF to within ±0.05. The plane-parallel radiative transfer (PPRT) solution was also analyzed with the models of spheres, spheroids, randomly oriented fractal crystals, and with a synthetic phase function. The latter merged the model of spheroids for the forward scattering angles with the fractal model in the backscattering direction. The PPRT solution with synthetic phase function provided the best fit to measured BRF in the full range of angles. Regardless of the snow grain shape, the PPRT model significantly over-/underestimated snow BRF in the glint/backscattering regions, respectively, which agrees with other studies. To improve agreement with experiment, we introduced a model of macroscopic snow surface roughness by averaging the PPRT solution over the slope distribution function and by adding a simple model of shadows. With macroscopic roughness described by two parameters, the AART model achieved an accuracy of about ±0.05 with a possible bias of ±0.03 in the spectral range 0.4-2.2 μm. This high accuracy holds at view zenith angles below 55-60° covering the practically important range for remote sensing applications, and includes both glint and backscattering directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Albedo
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Chemical processes
KW  - Reflectance
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 51016778; Lyapustin, A. 1,2; Email Address: alexei.i.lyapustin@nasa.gov; Gatebe, C. K. 1,2; Kahn, R. 2; Brandt, R. 3; Redemann, J. 4; Russell, P. 5; King, M. D. 6; Pedersen, C. A. 7; Gerland, S. 7; Poudyal, R. 2,8; Marshak, A. 2; Wang, Y. 1,2; Schaaf, C. 9; Hall, D. 2; Kokhanovsky, A. 10; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI), Sonoma, CA USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 6: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: Norwegian Polar Institute, 9296 Tromso, Norway; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; 9: Boston University, Geography Department, Boston, MA, USA; 10: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 9, p4359; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Chemical processes; Subject Term: Reflectance; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-10-4359-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=51016778&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warner, J. X.
AU  - Wei, Z.
AU  - Strow, L. L.
AU  - Barnet, C. D.
AU  - Sparling, L. C.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Sachse, G.
T1  - Improved agreement of AIRS tropospheric carbon monoxide products with other EOS sensors using optimal estimation retrievals.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 11851
EP  - 11883
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We present in this paper an alternative retrieval algorithm for the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) tropospheric Carbon Monoxide (CO) products using the Optimal Estimation (OE) technique, which is different from AIRS operational algorithm. The primary objective for this study was to compare AIRS CO, as well as the other retrieval properties such as the Averaging Kernels (AKs), the Degrees of Freedom for Signal (DOFS), and the error covariance matrix, against the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and the Measurement of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) CO, which were also derived using OE technique. We also demonstrate that AIRS OE CO results are much more realistic than AIRS V5 operational CO, especially in the lower troposphere and in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). These products are validated with in situ profiles obtained by the Differential Absorption Carbon Monoxide Measurements (DACOM), which took place as part of NASA's Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX-B) field mission that was conducted over the northern Pacific in Spring 2006. To demonstrate the differences existing in the current operational products we first show a detailed direct comparison between AIRS V5 and TES operational V3 CO for the global datasets from December 2005 to July 2008. We then present global CO comparisons between AIRS OE, TES V3, and MOPITT V4 at selected levels as well as for the total column amounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Tropospheric circulation
KW  - Analysis of covariance
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 51694663; Warner, J. X. 1; Email Address: juying@umbc.edu; Wei, Z. 1; Strow, L. L. 1; Barnet, C. D. 2; Sparling, L. C. 1; Diskin, G. 3; Sachse, G. 3; Affiliations: 1: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 5523 Research Park Dr., Suite 320, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; 2: NOAA NESDIS ORA, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23693, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p11851; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Tropospheric circulation; Subject Term: Analysis of covariance; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-11851-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, M.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Adhikary, B.
AU  - Spak, S. N.
AU  - Kulkarni, S.
AU  - Cheng, Y.
AU  - Wei, C.
AU  - Tang, Y.
AU  - Parrish, D. D.
AU  - Oltmans, S. J.
AU  - D'Allura, A.
AU  - Kaduwela, A.
AU  - Cai, C.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Wong, M.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Al-Saadi, J. A.
AU  - Streets, D. G.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
T1  - Impacts of transported background ozone on California air quality during the ARCTAS-CARB period -- a multi-scale modeling study.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 12079
EP  - 12131
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Multi-scale tracer and full-chemistry simulations with the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are used to analyze the effects of transported background ozone (O3) from the eastern Pacific on California air quality during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment conducted in June 2008. Previous work has focused on the importance of long-range transport of O3 to North America air quality in springtime. However during this summer experiment the long-range transport of O3 is also shown to be important. Simulated and observed O3 transport patterns from the coast to inland northern California are shown to vary based on meteorological conditions and the oceanic O3 profiles, which are strongly episodically affected by Asian inflows. Analysis of the correlations of O3 at various altitudes above the coastal site at Trinidad Head and at a downwind surface site in northern California, show that under long-range transport events, high O3 air-masses (O3>60 ppb) at altitudes between about 2 and 4 km can be transported inland and can significantly influence surface O3 20-30 h later. These results show the importance of characterizing the vertical structure of the lateral boundary conditions (LBC) needed in air quality simulations. The importance of the LBC on O3 prediction during this period is further studied through a series of sensitivity studies using different forms of LBC. It is shown that the use of the LBC downscaled from RAQMS global model that assimilated MLS and OMI data improves the model performance. We also show that the predictions can be further improved through the use of LBC based on NASA DC-8 airborne observations during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment. These results indicate the need to develop observational strategies to improve the representation of the vertical and temporal variations in the air over the eastern Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Long-range weather forecasting
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Scanning transmission electron microscopy
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 51694670; Huang, M. 1; Email Address: mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu; Carmichael, G. R. 1; Adhikary, B. 1,2; Spak, S. N. 1; Kulkarni, S. 1; Cheng, Y. 1; Wei, C. 1; Tang, Y. 3; Parrish, D. D. 4; Oltmans, S. J. 4; D'Allura, A. 5; Kaduwela, A. 6; Cai, C. 6; Weinheimer, A. J. 7; Wong, M. 8; Pierce, R. B. 9; Al-Saadi, J. A. 10; Streets, D. G. 11; Zhang, Q. 11; Affiliations: 1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, the University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 2: Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal; 3: Meso-scale modeling, NOAA/NCEP/EMC, W/NP2, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD, USA; 4: NOAA/ESRL, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: ARIANET Srl, Milano, Italy; 6: California Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA, USA; 7: NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: The University of Maryland, MD, USA; 9: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI, USA; 10: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 11: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p12079; Thesaurus Term: Air quality management; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Long-range weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Oceanography; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Subject: California; Number of Pages: 53p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 15 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-12079-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Yan, H.
AU  - Yi, Y.
AU  - Chen51, B.
AU  - Zhang, L.
AU  - Ayers, J. K.
T1  - Dust aerosol effect on semi-arid climate over Northwest China detected from A-Train satellite measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 12465
EP  - 12495
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The impact of dust aerosols on the semi-arid climate of Northwest China is analyzed by comparing aerosol and cloud properties derived over the China semi-arid region (hereafter, CSR) and the United States semi-arid region (hereafter, USR) using several years of surface and A-Train satellite observations during active dust event seasons. These regions have similar climatic conditions, but aerosol concentrations are greater over the CSR. Because the CSR is close to two major dust source regions (Taklamakan and Gobi deserts), the aerosols over the CSR not only contain local anthropogenic aerosols (agricultural dust, black carbon and other anthropogenic aerosols), but also include natural dust transported from the source regions. The aerosol optical depth, averaged over a 3-month period, derived from MODIS for the CSR is 0.27, which is 47% higher than that over the USR (0.19). Although transported natural dust only accounts for 53% of this difference, it is a major contributor to the average absorbing aerosol index, which is 27% higher in the CSR (1.07) than in the USR (0.84). During dust event periods, liquid water cloud particle size, optical depth and liquid water path are smaller by 9%, 30% and 33% compared to dust-free conditions, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Effect of human beings on climatic changes
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - China, Northwest
N1  - Accession Number: 51694679; Huang, J. 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn; Minnis, P. 2; Yan, H. 1; Yi, Y. 3; Chen51, B.; Zhang, L. 1; Ayers, J. K. 3; Affiliations: 1: Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p12465; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Effect of human beings on climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Subject: China, Northwest; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-12465-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=51694679&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldblatt, C.
AU  - Zahnle, K. J.
T1  - Clouds and the Faint Young Sun Paradox.
JO  - Climate of the Past Discussions
JF  - Climate of the Past Discussions
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1163
EP  - 1207
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18149340
AB  - We investigate the role which clouds could play in resolving the Faint Young Sun Paradox (FYSP). Lower solar luminosity in the past means that less energy was absorbed on Earth (a forcing of -50Wm-2 during the late Archean), but geological evidence points to the Earth being at least as warm as it is today, with only very occasional glaciations. We perform radiative calculations on a single global mean atmospheric column. We select a nominal set of three layered, randomly overlapping clouds, which are both consistent with observed cloud climatologies and reproduce the observed global mean energy budget of Earth. By varying the fraction, thickness, height and particle size of these clouds we conduct a wide exploration of how changed clouds could affect climate, thus constraining how clouds could contribute to resolving the FYSP. Low clouds reflect sunlight but have little greenhouse effect. Removing them entirely gives a forcing of +25Wm-2 whilst more modest reduction in their efficacy gives a forcing of +10 to +15Wm-2. For high clouds, the greenhouse effect dominates. It is possible to generate +50Wm-2 forcing from enhancing these, but this requires making them 3.5 times thicker and 14 K colder than the standard high cloud in our nominal set and expanding their coverage to 100% of the sky. Such changes are not credible. More plausible changes would generate no more that +15Wm-2 forcing. Thus neither fewer low clouds nor more high clouds can provide enough forcing to resolve the FYSP. De creased surface albedo can contribute no more than +5Wm-2 forcing. Some models which have been applied to the FYSP do not include clouds at all. These overestimate the forcing due to increased CO2 by 20 to 25% when pCO2 is 0.01 to 0.1 bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate of the Past Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - Sunshine
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Paradoxes
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 52884965; Goldblatt, C. 1; Zahnle, K. J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p1163; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere); Thesaurus Term: Sunshine; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Subject Term: Paradoxes; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Surface; Number of Pages: 45p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lopes, Leonard V.
AU  - Brentner, Kenneth S.
AU  - Morris, Philip J.
T1  - Framework for a Landing-Gear Model and Acoustic Prediction.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 763
EP  - 774
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A new system has been developed at Pennsylvania State University for the prediction of landing-gear noise. The system is designed to handle the complex landing-gear geometry of current aircraft, as well as provide predictions for future aircraft landing-gear designs. The gear is represented by a collection of subassemblies and simple components that are modeled using acoustic elements. These acoustic elements are generic but generate noise representative of the physical components on landing gear. The method sums the noise radiation from each component of the landing gear in isolation, accounting for interference with adjacent components through an estimate of the local upstream and downstream flows and turbulence intensities. The acoustic calculations are made using the landing-gear-model-and- acoustic-prediction code, which computes the sound pressure levels at specified observer locations. The method can calculate the noise from the landing gear in isolation or installed on an aircraft for any type of landing gear (main or nose). This paper presents an introduction to the system and initial calibrations by using wind-tunnel experiments and the Aircraft Noise Prediction Program prediction formulas. Noise predictions using the landing-gear model and acoustic prediction are compared with wind-tunnel data for model landing gears of various levels of fidelity and Mach numbers. The initial landing-gear-model-and-acoustic-prediction predictions for dressed configurations show an increase in noise in the frequency range representative of the added landing-gear components. The landing-gear model and acoustic prediction is also compared with wind-tunnel measurements for much larger landing-gear geometry, measured in the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University acoustic wind tunnel. Predictions show the ability of the landing-gear model and acoustic prediction to predict the contribution of each component to the overall values. Although the landing-gear model and acoustic prediction is in an early stage of development, the present agreement between the calculations and measurements suggests the method has promise for future application in the prediction of airframe noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Landing gear
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - PENNSYLVANIA State University
KW  - PENNSYLVANIA
N1  - Accession Number: 52330861; Source Information: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p763; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Landing gear; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: PENNSYLVANIA State University; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: PENNSYLVANIA; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.36925
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=52330861&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, G. P.
T1  - Computational-Fluid-Dynamics- and Computational-Structural-Dynamics-Based Time-Accurate Aeroelasticity of Helicopter Rotor Blades.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 858
EP  - 863
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A modular capability tocompute dynamic aeroelastic characteristics of rotor blades using the Euler/Navier-Stokes flow equations and finite element structural equations is presented. The approach is based on a time-accurate analysis procedure that is suitable for nonlinear fluid-structure interaction problems. Fluids and structural solvers are time-accurately coupled in the C++ environment. Unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic results are validated with experimental data for nonrotating and rotating isolated blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPRESSORS -- Blades
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TURBOJET plane engines -- Blades
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 52330870; Source Information: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p858; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPRESSORS -- Blades; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TURBOJET plane engines -- Blades; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.45744
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=52330870&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Whalen, Edward A.
AU  - Busch, Greg T.
AU  - Bragg, Michael B.
T1  - Aerodynamic Simulation of Runback Ice Accretion.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 924
EP  - 939
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents the results of recent investigations into the aerodynamics of simulated runback ice accretion on airfoils. Aerodynamic testing was performed on a full-scale, 72-in.-chord (1828.8-mm-chord), NACA 23012 airfoil model over a Reynolds number range of 4.7 × 106 to 16.0 × 106 and a Mach number range of 0.10 to 0.28. A high-fidelity ice-casting simulation of a runback ice accretion was attached to the model leading edge. For Re = 16.0 × 106 and M = 0.20, the artificial ice shape decreased the maximum lift coefficient from 1.82 to 1.51 and decreased the stalling angle of attack from 18.1 to 15.0 deg. In general, the iced-airfoil performance was insensitive to Reynolds and Mach number changes over the range tested. Aerodynamic testing was also conducted on a quarter-scale NACA 23012 model [18 in. (457.2 mm) chord] at Re = 1.8 × 106 and M = 0.18, using low-fidelity geometrically scaled simulations of the full-scale casting. It was found that simple two-dimensional simulations of the upper- and lower-surface runback ridges provided the best representation of the full-scale, high-Reynolds-number, iced-airfoil aerodynamics. Higher-fidelity simulations of the runback ice accretion that included geometrically scaled three-dimensional features resulted in larger performance degradations than those measured on the full-scale model. Based upon this research, a new subclassification of spanwise-ridge ice is proposed that distinguishes between short and tall ridges. This distinction is made in terms of the fundamental aerodynamic characteristics as described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 52330877; Source Information: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p924; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 16p; ; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 13 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.46475
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=52330877&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
AU  - Brownt, Anthony P.
T1  - Effect of Jet-Exhaust Streams on Structure of Vortex Wakes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1076
EP  - 1083
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The article explores the effect of jet-exhaust streams from the engines on structure of vortex wakes. It suggests that aircraft at cruise altitudes not only have energetic jet-engine-exhaust streams, but also often provide flow visualization of their lift-generated and exhaust-driven wakes at large distances behind the wake-generating aircraft. This study supports the efforts underway to increase airport capacity for aircraft landing and takeoff operations by use of closely spaced parallel runways.
KW  - WAKES (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics)
KW  - LANDING of airplanes
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Takeoff
KW  - RUNWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
N1  - Accession Number: 52330895; Source Information: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p1076; Subject Term: WAKES (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: LANDING of airplanes; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Takeoff; Subject Term: RUNWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.47427
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=52330895&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chatterjee, Anuran
AU  - Angela Wang
AU  - Lera, Matthew
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
T1  - Lunar Soil Simulant Uptake Produces a Concentration-Dependent Increase in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells.
JO  - Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A
JF  - Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 73
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 626
SN  - 15287394
AB  - One of NASA's long-term objectives is to be able to stay on the moon for extended periods, and to provide a stepping-stone for future Mars explorations. The lunar soil simulant JSC-1 has been developed by NASA from volcanic ash found in Arizona to facilitate testing of toxicity and system requirements for lunar exploration. A concentration-response study of JSC-1 was undertaken on the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Results demonstrated concentrations of 50-2000 μ g/ml JSC-1 induced enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Data suggest that extraterrestrial regolith has the potential to induce an inflammatory response, and that future development of anti-inflammatory mitigative strategies may be necessary to counteract lunar dust-associated cellular toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Moon
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Lunar soil
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Regolith
KW  - Lunar regolith simulants
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 49144143; Chatterjee, Anuran 1; Angela Wang 1; Lera, Matthew 2; Bhattacharya, Sharmila 1; Email Address: sharmila.bhattacharya@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Radiation and Space Biotechnologies Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; 2: Howard & Houston Engineering, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Issue Info: May2010, Vol. 73 Issue 9, p623; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.; Thesaurus Term: Nitric oxide; Subject Term: Moon; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Lunar soil; Subject Term: Lunar dust; Subject Term: Regolith; Subject Term: Lunar regolith simulants; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15287390903578182
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lim, D.S.S.
AU  - Warman, G.L.
AU  - Gernhardt, M.L.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Fong, T.
AU  - Marinova, M.M.
AU  - Davila, A.F.
AU  - Andersen, D.
AU  - Brady, A.L.
AU  - Cardman, Z.
AU  - Cowie, B.
AU  - Delaney, M.D.
AU  - Fairén, A.G.
AU  - Forrest, A.L.
AU  - Heaton, J.
AU  - Laval, B.E.
AU  - Arnold, R.
AU  - Nuytten, P.
AU  - Osinski, G.
AU  - Reay, M.
T1  - Scientific field training for human planetary exploration
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 58
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 920
EP  - 930
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Forthcoming human planetary exploration will require increased scientific return (both in real time and post-mission), longer surface stays, greater geographical coverage, longer and more frequent EVAs, and more operational complexities than during the Apollo missions. As such, there is a need to shift the nature of astronauts’ scientific capabilities to something akin to an experienced terrestrial field scientist. To achieve this aim, the authors present a case that astronaut training should include an Apollo-style curriculum based on traditional field school experiences, as well as full immersion in field science programs. Herein we propose four Learning Design Principles (LDPs) focused on optimizing astronaut learning in field science settings. The LDPs are as follows: [(1)] LDP#1: Provide multiple experiences: varied field science activities will hone astronauts’ abilities to adapt to novel scientific opportunities [(2)] LDP#2: Focus on the learner: fostering intrinsic motivation will orient astronauts towards continuous informal learning and a quest for mastery [(3)] LDP#3: Provide a relevant experience—the field site: field sites that share features with future planetary missions will increase the likelihood that astronauts will successfully transfer learning [(4)] LDP#4: Provide a social learning experience—the field science team and their activities: ensuring the field team includes members of varying levels of experience engaged in opportunities for discourse and joint problem solving will facilitate astronauts’ abilities to think and perform like a field scientist. The proposed training program focuses on the intellectual and technical aspects of field science, as well as the cognitive manner in which field scientists experience, observe and synthesize their environment. The goal of the latter is to help astronauts develop the thought patterns and mechanics of an effective field scientist, thereby providing a broader base of experience and expertise than could be achieved from field school alone. This will enhance their ability to execute, explore and adapt as in-field situations require. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Geography
KW  - Planets -- Exploration
KW  - Surfaces (Technology)
KW  - Astronauts
KW  - Problem solving
KW  - Nonformal education
KW  - Astronaut
KW  - Field science
KW  - Pavilion lake
KW  - Planetary exploration
KW  - Training
N1  - Accession Number: 49854100; Lim, D.S.S. 1,2; Email Address: darlene.lim@nasa.gov; Warman, G.L. 3; Gernhardt, M.L. 4; McKay, C.P. 1; Fong, T. 1; Marinova, M.M. 5; Davila, A.F. 1,2; Andersen, D. 2; Brady, A.L. 6; Cardman, Z. 7; Cowie, B. 8; Delaney, M.D. 9; Fairén, A.G. 1,2; Forrest, A.L. 10; Heaton, J. 11; Laval, B.E. 10; Arnold, R. 4; Nuytten, P. 11; Osinski, G. 12; Reay, M. 11; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, 94035 CA, USA; 2: SETI Institute, 515N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, 94043 CA, USA; 3: ExperiencePoint, 800 West El Camino Real, Ste 180, Mountain View, 94025 CA, USA; 4: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 5: Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, MC 150-12, Pasadena, CA, USA; 6: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; 7: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, 340 Chapman Hall, CB 3300, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3300, USA; 8: Applied Geochemistry Group, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; 9: The Edge Diving Centre, 973 Marine Drive, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada; 10: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; 11: Nuytco Research, 241A East 1st Street, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada; 12: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Issue Info: May2010, Vol. 58 Issue 6, p920; Thesaurus Term: Geography; Subject Term: Planets -- Exploration; Subject Term: Surfaces (Technology); Subject Term: Astronauts; Subject Term: Problem solving; Subject Term: Nonformal education; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronaut; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pavilion lake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Training; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.02.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pierce, Lars
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Michaelis, Andy
AU  - Johnson, Lee
T1  - GIS and Modeling Tools.
JO  - Water Efficiency
JF  - Water Efficiency
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 45
PB  - Forester Media, Inc.
SN  - 19348479
AB  - The article focuses on the role of geographic information system (GIS) and modeling tools in enhancing agricultural water use efficiency in California. It is mentioned that the California Irrigation and Management Information System (CIMIS) has more than 200 weather stations to provide weather data and estimates of crop water use in various agricultural regions for use in irrigation planning. Water balance models are also discussed.
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Water efficiency
KW  - Water in agriculture
KW  - Irrigation water
KW  - Water balance (Hydrology)
KW  - Meteorological stations
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 50503925; Pierce, Lars 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna 2; Michaelis, Andy 2,3; Johnson, Lee 2,3; Affiliations: 1: Division of Scíence & Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA; 3: Division of Science & Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA; Issue Info: May/Jun2010, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p42; Thesaurus Term: Geographic information systems; Thesaurus Term: Water efficiency; Thesaurus Term: Water in agriculture; Thesaurus Term: Irrigation water; Thesaurus Term: Water balance (Hydrology); Subject Term: Meteorological stations; Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MCKAY, CHRISTOPHER P.
T1  - Liquid water formation around rocks and meteorites on Antarctic Polar Plateau ice.
JO  - Antarctic Science
JF  - Antarctic Science
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 288
SN  - 09541020
AB  - The article discusses the impact of climatic changes on the meteorites in Antarctica. It mentions that meteorites that fall onto the Antarctic polar plateau bury in the snow and become part of the ice sheet. The recent studies reveal that due to global warming meteorites have risen to the surface. It further discusses a possible contamination and chemical alteration on the ice surrounding the meteorites.
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Ice sheets
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 51770897; MCKAY, CHRISTOPHER P. 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p287; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Ice sheets; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Subject Term: Meteorites; Subject: Antarctica; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0954102010000118
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Maring, H.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Thompson, A. M.
AU  - Shaw, G. E.
AU  - McCauley, E.
AU  - Pederson, J. R.
AU  - Fisher, J. A.
T1  - The Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission: design, execution, and first results.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 5191
EP  - 5212
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was conducted in two 3-week deployments based in Alaska (April 2008) and western Canada (June-July 2008). Its goal was to better understand the factors driving current changes in Arctic atmospheric composition and climate, including (1) influx of mid-latitude pollution, (2) boreal forest fires, (3) aerosol radiative forcing, and (4) chemical processes. The June-July deployment was preceded by one week of flights over California (ARCTAS-CARB) focused on (1) improving state emission inventories for greenhouse gases and aerosols, (2) providing observations to test and improve models of ozone and aerosol pollution. ARCTAS involved three aircraft: a DC-8 with a detailed chemical payload, a P-3 with an extensive aerosol and radiometric payload, and a B-200 with aerosol remote sensing instrumentation. The aircraft data augmented satellite observations of Arctic atmospheric composition, in particular from the NASA A-Train. The spring phase (ARCTAS-A) revealed pervasive Asian pollution throughout the Arctic as well as significant European pollution below 2 km. Unusually large Siberian fires in April 2008 caused high concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols and also affected ozone. Satellite observations of BrO column hotspots were found not to be related to Arctic boundary layer events but instead to tropopause depressions, suggesting the presence of elevated inorganic bromine (5-10 pptv) in the lower stratosphere. Fresh fire plumes from Canada and California sampled during the summer phase (ARCTAS-B) indicated low NOx emission factors from the fires, rapid conversion of NOx to PAN, no significant secondary aerosol production, and no significant ozone enhancements except when mixed with urban pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Nuclear activation analysis
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 51825686; Jacob, D. J. 1; Email Address: djacob@fas.harvard.edu; Crawford, J. H. 2; Maring, H. 3; Clarke, A. D. 4; Dibb, J. E. 5; Emmons, L. K. 6; Ferrare, R. A. 2; Hostetler, C. A. 2; Russell, P. B. 7; Singh, H. B. 7; Thompson, A. M. 8; Shaw, G. E. 9; McCauley, E. 10; Pederson, J. R. 10; Fisher, J. A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: NASA Headquarters, Washington DC, USA; 4: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; 5: University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 8: Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA; 9: University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA; 10: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 11, p5191; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Urban pollution; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Nuclear activation analysis; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 14 Charts, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-10-5191-2010
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pommier, M.
AU  - Law, K. S.
AU  - Clerbaux, C.
AU  - Turquety, S.
AU  - Hurtmans, D.
AU  - Hadji-Lazaro, J.
AU  - Coheur, P.-F.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Paris, J.-D.
AU  - Nédélec, P.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Podolske, J. R.
AU  - Holloway, J. S.
AU  - Bernath, P.
T1  - IASI carbon monoxide validation over the Arctic during POLARCAT spring and summer campaigns.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 14445
EP  - 14494
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In this paper, we provide a detailed comparison between carbon monoxide (CO) data measured by the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI)/METOP and aircraft measurements over the Arctic. The CO measurements were obtained during North American campaigns (NASA ARCTAS and NOAA ARCPAC) and European campaigns (POLARCAT-France, POLARCAT-GRACE and YAK-AEROSIB) as part of the International Polar Year (IPY) in spring and summer 2008. During the campaigns different air masses were sampled including clean air, polluted plumes originating from anthropogenic sources in Europe, Asia and North America, and forest fire plumes originating from Siberia and Canada. CO-rich plumes following different transport pathways were captured well by the IASI instrument, illustrated for example by a transport event over the North Pole from Asia on 9 July 2008. The comparison between the IASI CO profiles and aircraft data was achieved by first completing the latter for higher altitudes using a latitudinally dependent climatology of ACE-FTS satellite CO profiles (2004-2009) and by subsequently smoothing the resulting full profiles by the IASI averaging kernels. Proceeding this way, the IASI profiles were shown to be in good agreement with smoothed in situ profiles (with a difference of about 10 ppbv) in spring. In summer, the IASI profiles were higher than the smoothed in situ profiles below 8 km, for all polluted cases. Correlations between IASI and combination ACE-FTS/aircraft derived total columns varied from 0.15 to 0.74 in spring and 0.26 to 0.84 in summer, with better results over the sea in spring (0.73) and over the land in summer (0.69). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Infrared heating
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - International Polar Year, 2007-2008
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 52332905; Pommier, M. 1; Email Address: matthieu.pommier@latmos.ipsl.fr; Law, K. S. 1; Clerbaux, C. 1,2; Turquety, S. 3; Hurtmans, D. 2; Hadji-Lazaro, J. 1; Coheur, P.-F. 2; Schlager, H. 4; Ancellet, G. 1; Paris, J.-D. 5; Nédélec, P. 6; Diskin, G. S. 7; Podolske, J. R. 8; Holloway, J. S. 9,10; Bernath, P. 11,12; Affiliations: 1: UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, UMR 8190, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 2: Spectroscopie de l'Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; 3: UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Ecole Polytechnique; CNRS UMR 8539, LMD-IPSL, Palaiseau, France; 4: DLR, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 5: LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Saclay, France; 6: Université de Toulouse, UPS, LA (Laboratoire d'Aérologie), CNRS UMR 5560, Toulouse, France; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 483, Hampton, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035, USA; 9: Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 10: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 11: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada; 12: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 6, p14445; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Infrared heating; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: International Polar Year, 2007-2008; Subject Term: Arctic regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 50p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-14445-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zander, R.
AU  - Duchatelet, P.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Roland, G.
AU  - Servais, C.
AU  - Auwera, J. Vander
AU  - Perrin, A.
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Crutzen, P.
T1  - Formic acid above the Jungfraujoch during 1985-2007: observed variability, seasonality, but no long-term background evolution.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 14771
EP  - 14814
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This paper reports on daytime total vertical column abundances of formic acid (HCOOH) above the Northern mid-latitude, high altitude Jungfraujoch station (Switzerland; 46.5° N, 8.0° E, 3580m altitude). The columns were derived from the analysis of infrared solar observations regularly performed with high spectral resolution Fourier transform spectrometers during over 1537 days between September 1985 and September 2007. The investigation was based on the spectrometric fitting of five spectral intervals, one encompassing the HCOOH v6 band Q branch at 1105 cm-1, and four additional ones allowing to optimally account for critical temperature-sensitive or timely changing interferences by other atmospheric gases, in particular HDO, CCl2F2 and CHClF2. The main results derived from the 22 yr long database indicate that the free tropospheric burden of HCOOH above the Jungfraujoch undergoes important short-term daytime variability, diurnal and seasonal modulations, inter-annual anomalies, but no statistically significant long-term background change at the 1-sigma level. A major progress in the remote determination of the atmospheric HCOOH columns reported here has resulted from the adoption of new, improved absolute spectral line intensities for the infrared v6 band of trans-formic acid, resulting in retrieved free tropospheric loadings being about a factor two smaller than if derived with previous spectroscopic parameters. Implications of this significant change with regard to earlier remote measurements of atmospheric formic acid and comparison with relevant Northern midlatitude in situ findings will be assessed critically. Sparse HCOOH model predictions will also be evoked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Precipitation variability
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - Geography
KW  - Formic acid
KW  - Switzerland
N1  - Accession Number: 52332915; Zander, R. 1; Email Address: r.zander@ulg.ac.be; Duchatelet, P. 1; Mahieu, E. 1; Demoulin, P. 1; Roland, G. 1; Servais, C. 1; Auwera, J. Vander 2; Perrin, A. 3; Rinsland, C. P. 4; Crutzen, P. 5; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium; 2: Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050, Brussels, Belgium; 3: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Systèmes Atmosphériques, CNRS, Université de Paris 12 et 7, 94010 Créteil cedex, France; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; 5: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Airchemistry Division, Mainz, Germany; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 6, p14771; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation variability; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure; Thesaurus Term: Geography; Subject Term: Formic acid; Subject: Switzerland; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-14771-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarado, M. J.
AU  - Logan, J. A.
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Riemer, D.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
AU  - Min, K.-E.
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Browne, E. C.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Fuelberg, H.
AU  - Sessions, W. R.
AU  - Harrigan, D. L.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Case-Hanks, A.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
T1  - Nitrogen oxides and PAN in plumes from boreal fires during ARCTAS-B and their impact on ozone: an integrated analysis of aircraft and satellite observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 15325
EP  - 15377
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We determine enhancement ratios for NOx, PAN, and other NOy species from boreal biomass burning using aircraft data obtained during the ARCTAS-B campaign and examine the impact of these emissions on tropospheric ozone in the Arctic. We find an initial emission factor for NOx of 1.06 gNO per kg dry matter (DM) burned, much lower than previous observations of boreal plumes, and also one third the value recommended for extratropical fires. Our analysis provides the first observational confirmation of rapid PAN formation in a boreal smoke plume, with 40% of the initial NOx emissions being converted to PAN in the first few hours after emission. We find little clear evidence for ozone formation in the boreal smoke plumes during ARCTAS-B in either aircraft or satellite observations, or in model simulations. Only a third of the smoke plumes observed by the NASA DC8 showed a correlation between ozone and CO, and ozone was depleted in the plumes as often as it was enhanced. Special observations from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) also show little evidence for enhanced ozone in boreal smoke plumes between 15 June and 15 July 2008. Of the 22 plumes observed by TES, only 4 showed ozone increasing within the smoke plumes, and even in those cases it was unclear that the increase was caused by fire emissions. Using the GEOS-Chem atmospheric chemistry model, we show that boreal fires during ARCTAS-B had little impact on the median ozone profile measured over Canada, and had little impact on ozone within the smoke plumes observed by TES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Peroxyacetyl nitrate
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
N1  - Accession Number: 52332930; Alvarado, M. J. 1; Email Address: mjalvara@seas.harvard.edu; Logan, J. A. 1; Mao, J. 1; Apel, E. 2; Riemer, D. 3; Blake, D. 4; Cohen, R. C. 5; Min, K.-E. 5; Perring, A. E. 5; Browne, E. C. 5; Wooldridge, P. J. 5; Diskin, G. S. 6; Sachse, G. W. 6; Fuelberg, H. 7; Sessions, W. R. 7; Harrigan, D. L. 7; Huey, G. 8; Liao, J. 8; Case-Hanks, A. 8; Jimenez, J. L. 9; Affiliations: 1: School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 2: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA 4 School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; 4: School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; 5: Chemistry Department, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 7: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; 8: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 9: Department of Chemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 6, p15325; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Peroxyacetyl nitrate; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Number of Pages: 53p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 9 Graphs, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-15325-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skuza, J. R.
AU  - Clavero, C.
AU  - Yang, K.
AU  - Wincheski, B.
AU  - Lukaszew, R. A.
T1  - Microstructural, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Magnetic Domain Structure Correlations in Epitaxial FePd Thin Films With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1886
EP  - 1889
SN  - 00189464
AB  - L10 order was optimized in FePd epitaxial thin films prepared using dc magnetron sputter deposition on MgO(001) substrates by investigating various growth temperatures. A series of films was grown at the optimal temperature with varying thickness and degree of chemical order to investigate the interplay between the microstructure, magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic domain structure. The experimentally measured magnetic domain size/period and magnetic anisotropy in this high perpendicular anisotropy system were found to be correlated following the analytical energy model proposed by Kooy and Enz that considers a delicate balance between the domain wall energy and the demagnetizing stray field energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DOMAIN structure
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - MAGNETICS
KW  - MAGNETIC recorders & recording
KW  - THIN films
KW  - MAGNETIC bubbles
KW  - Magnetic domains
KW  - perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA)
KW  - perpendicular magnetic recording
KW  - thin films
N1  - Accession Number: 51117725; Skuza, J. R. 1; Email Address: jrskuza@wm.edu; Clavero, C. 2; Yang, K. 2; Wincheski, B. 3; Lukaszew, R. A. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 USA; 2: Department of Applied Science, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 USA; 3: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1886; Subject Term: DOMAIN structure; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: MAGNETICS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC recorders & recording; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bubbles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic domains; Author-Supplied Keyword: perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA); Author-Supplied Keyword: perpendicular magnetic recording; Author-Supplied Keyword: thin films; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2039923
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Dan
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
T1  - Analytic Confusion Matrix Bounds for Fault Detection and Isolation Using a Sum-of-Squared-Residuals Approach.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 296
SN  - 00189529
AB  - Given a system which can fail in 1 of different ways, a fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm uses sensor data to determine which fault is the most likely to have occurred. The effectiveness of an FDI algorithm can be quantified by a confusion matrix, also called a diagnosis probability matrix, which indicates the probability that each fault is isolated given that each fault has occurred. Confusion matrices are often generated with simulation data, particularly for complex systems. In this paper, we perform FDI using sum-of-squared residuals (SSRs). We assume that the sensor residuals are s-independent and Gaussian, which gives the SSRs chi-squared distributions. We then generate analytic lower, and upper bounds on the confusion matrix elements. This approach allows for the generation of optimal sensor sets without numerical simulations. The confusion matrix bounds are verified with simulated aircraft engine data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - TURBOFAN engines
KW  - TURBOJET plane engines
KW  - CHI-square distribution
KW  - CHI-squared test
KW  - Aircraft turbofan engine
KW  - chi-squared distribution
KW  - confusion matrix
KW  - diagnosis probability matrix
KW  - fault detection and isolation
N1  - Accession Number: 51308444; Simon, Dan 1,2; Email Address: d.j.simon@csuohio.edu; Simon, Donald L. 3; Email Address: donald.l.simon@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Senior Member, IEEE; 2: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p287; Thesaurus Term: AIRPLANES; Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: TURBOFAN engines; Subject Term: TURBOJET plane engines; Subject Term: CHI-square distribution; Subject Term: CHI-squared test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft turbofan engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: chi-squared distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: confusion matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: diagnosis probability matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault detection and isolation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2010.2046772
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=51308444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GIANNAKOPOULOU, DIMITRA
AU  - PASĂREĂNU, CORINA S.
T1  - Editorial: Automated compositional verification.
JO  - IET Software
JF  - IET Software
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 180
SN  - 17518806
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one on compositional verification, and another on environment generation in terms of component verification for Java programs.
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - JAVA (Computer program language)
N1  - Accession Number: 51414190; GIANNAKOPOULOU, DIMITRA 1; PASĂREĂNU, CORINA S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Robust Software Engineering group, NASA Ames Research Center; 2: Senior researcher, NASA Ames Research Center, in the Robust Software Engineering Group; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p179; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: JAVA (Computer program language); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/iet-sen.2010.9053
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=51414190&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponomarev, Artem L.
AU  - Huff1,2, Janice
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
T1  - The analysis of the densely populated patterns of radiation-induced foci by a stochastic, Monte Carlo model of DNA double-strand breaks induction by heavy ions.
JO  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
JF  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 86
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 507
EP  - 515
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 09553002
AB  - Purpose: To resolve the difficulty in counting merged DNA damage foci in high-LET (linear energy transfer) ion-induced patterns. Materials and methods: The analysis of patterns of RIF (radiation-induced foci) produced by high-LET Fe and Ti ions were conducted by using a Monte Carlo model that combines the heavy ion track structure with characteristics of the human genome on the level of chromosomes. The foci patterns were also simulated in the maximum projection plane for flat nuclei. Results: The model predicts the spatial and genomic distributions of DNA DSB (double-strand breaks) in a cell nucleus for a particular dose of radiation. We used the model to do analyses for three irradiation scenarios: (i) The ions were oriented perpendicular to the flattened nuclei in a cell culture monolayer; (ii) the ions were parallel to that plane; and (iii) round nucleus. In the parallel scenario we found that the foci appeared to be merged due to their high density, while, in the perpendicular scenario, the foci appeared as one bright spot per hit. The statistics and spatial distribution of regions of densely arranged foci, termed DNA foci chains, were predicted numerically using this model. Another analysis was done to evaluate the number of ion hits per nucleus, which were visible from streaks of closely located foci. Conclusions: We showed that DSB clustering needs to be taken into account to determine the true DNA damage foci yield, which helps to determine the DSB yield. Using the model analysis, a researcher can refine the DSB yield per nucleus per particle. We showed that purely geometric artifacts, present in the experimental images, can be analytically resolved with the model, and that the quantisation of track hits and DSB yields can be provided to the experimentalists who use enumeration of radiation-induced foci in immunofluorescence experiment using proteins that detect DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Radiation Biology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DNA
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - CELL nuclei
KW  - DNA damage foci
KW  - DSB
KW  - image segmentation
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - NASARadiationTrackImage model
KW  - radiation of human cells
N1  - Accession Number: 50520614; Ponomarev, Artem L. 1,2; Email Address: artem.l.ponomarev@nasa.gov; Huff1,2, Janice; Cucinotta, Francis A. 2; Source Information: Jun2010, Vol. 86 Issue 6, p507; Subject: DNA; Subject: MONTE Carlo method; Subject: ENERGY transfer; Subject: RADIATION; Subject: CELL nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA damage foci; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSB; Author-Supplied Keyword: image segmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo method; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASARadiationTrackImage model; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation of human cells; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3109/09553001003717175
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=50520614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Komatsu, Hikaru
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Kume, Tomonori
AU  - Tanaka, Nobuaki
AU  - Yoshifuji, Natsuko
AU  - Otsuki, Kyoichi
AU  - Suzuki, Masakazu
AU  - Kumagai, Tomo'omi
T1  - Modeling Seasonal Changes in the Temperature Lapse Rate in a Northern Thailand Mountainous Area.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1233
EP  - 1246
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Temperature data in the mountain forest regions are often extrapolated from temperature data recorded at base stations at lower elevation. Such extrapolation is often based on elevation differences between target regions and base stations at low elevation assuming a constant temperature lapse rate throughout the year. However, this assumption might be problematic where slope circulation is active and decoupled from the regional circulation. To model the seasonal change in the lapse rate, the authors compared daily maximum ( Tmax) and minimum temperatures ( Tmin) observed at a mountain forest site (Kog–Ma; 1300-m altitude) with those observed at the bottom of the basin (Chiang–Mai; 314-m altitude) in northern Thailand, where slope circulation is active and decoupled from the regional circulation. The difference in Tmax between Kog–Ma and Chiang–Mai (Δ Tmax; Kog–Ma minus Chiang–Mai) was relatively unchanged throughout the year. However, the difference in Tmin between Kog–Ma and Chiang–Mai (Δ Tmin) changed seasonally. Thus, assuming a constant lapse rate throughout the year could cause large errors in extrapolating Tmin data in mountainous areas in northern Thailand. The difference Δ Tmin was related to nighttime net radiation (Rn), suggesting that nocturnal drainage flow affects the determination of Δ Tmin. This relationship would be useful in formulating seasonal changes in the lapse rate for Tmin. As Rn data are generally unavailable for meteorological stations, an index that relates to the lapse rate for Tmin and is calculated from Tmax and Tmin data is proposed. This index might be useful for accurately estimating Tmin values in mountainous regions in northern Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Transpiration of plants
KW  - Global temperature changes
KW  - Temperature lapse rate
KW  - Extrapolation
KW  - Meteorological stations
KW  - Thailand
KW  - Mountain meteorology
KW  - Seasonal cycle
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 52680689; Komatsu, Hikaru 1; Email Address: komatsu@forest.kyushu-u.ac.jp; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2,3; Kume, Tomonori 4; Tanaka, Nobuaki 5; Yoshifuji, Natsuko 1; Otsuki, Kyoichi 1; Suzuki, Masakazu 6; Kumagai, Tomo'omi 1; Affiliations: 1: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; 2: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, California; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 4: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 5: University Forests in Aichi, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 6: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1233; Thesaurus Term: Transpiration of plants; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes; Subject Term: Temperature lapse rate; Subject Term: Extrapolation; Subject Term: Meteorological stations; Subject: Thailand; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mountain meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasonal cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JAMC2297.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52680689&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Priestley, Kory J.
AU  - Thomas, Susan
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
T1  - Validation of Point Spread Functions of CERES Radiometers by the Use of Lunar Observations.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 27
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1011
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanning radiometers have been operating to make raster scans of the moon on a quarterly basis to validate the point response function for the three channels of flight models 1–4 aboard the Terra and Aqua spacecraft. Instrument pointing accuracy was verified by this method to 0.2° for the total channel of FM-3. The point response functions were computed from the lunar observations and were found to be nominal with the exception of the FM-2 window channel, which was found to have a region of high sensitivity. This anomaly is attributed to a delamination of the detector flake from the heat sink in that region. The influence of this anomaly is accounted for by the in-flight calibration and has no adverse effect on the application of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Moon
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Solar radio emission
KW  - Heat sinks (Electronics)
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Radiances
KW  - Satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 52009866; Priestley, Kory J. 1; Thomas, Susan 2; Smith, G. Louis 3; Email Address: g.louis.smith@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Systems Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 3: National Institute for Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 27 Issue 6, p1005; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Moon; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Solar radio emission; Subject Term: Heat sinks (Electronics); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JTECHA1322.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52009866&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOU, T. H.
AU  - BOSTON, K. G.
AU  - BAUGHMAN, J. M.
AU  - WALKER, S.
AU  - JOHNSTON, W. M.
T1  - Composite-to-composite Bonding using Scotch-Weld AF-555M Structural Adhesive.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 29
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1702
EP  - 1711
AB  - Processing and properties of composite-to-composite bonding using Scotch-Weld™ AF-555M structural adhesive were investigated. Bonding surfaces of T800H/3900-2 composite were prepared by co-curing the dry and wet peel-plies. Surface topologies of the peel-plies and the co-cured composite surfaces were examined by microscopy, contour mapping using a coordinate measuring machine equipped with a ruby sphere probe, and contact angle goniometry. Curing of the adhesive was conducted in an autoclave or vacuum press at 177°C (350°F) for 2 h under 310 KPa (45 psi). Common bagging practices for composite fabrication in an autoclave were followed. It was found that a prolonged vacuum application (i.e., overnight) prior to the application of temperature and pressure was a critical element to produce porosity-free, high-quality bonds with this adhesive system. Following this procedure, a strong bond line was consistently produced, which routinely provided a single-lap shear strength more than 10% higher than the nominal value of the adhesive (i.e., 35.9MPa or 5200 psi) when tested at room temperature. An adhesive failure mode at the interface was noted on the fractured surfaces of specimens with strong bonds whereas a premature cohesive failure mode was more evident for the specimens with weaker bonds, probably due to porosities in the bond lines. Photomicrographs showed that the weak single-lap shear strengths occurred on specimens with significant porosity in the bond line, apparently caused by entrapped air from insufficient vacuum application prior to curing. The results of this study are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MECHANICAL heat treatment
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - AF-555M adhesive
KW  - composite-to-composite adhesive bonding
KW  - single-lap shear strength
KW  - T800H/3900-2 composite
N1  - Accession Number: 51197356; HOU, T. H. 1; Email Address: tan-hung.hou-1@nasa.gov; BOSTON, K. G. 1; BAUGHMAN, J. M. 2; WALKER, S. 2; JOHNSTON, W. M. 2; Source Information: Jun2010, Vol. 29 Issue 11, p1702; Subject: ADHESIVES; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MECHANICAL heat treatment; Subject: MICROSCOPY; Subject: POROSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: AF-555M adhesive; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite-to-composite adhesive bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-lap shear strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: T800H/3900-2 composite; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684409341679
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=51197356&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Yoshida, Yasuko
AU  - Olson, Jennifer R.
AU  - Sillman, Sanford
AU  - Martin, Randall V.
AU  - Lamsal, Lok
AU  - Hu, Yongtao
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Retscher, Christian
AU  - Allen, Dale J.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
T1  - Application of OMI observations to a space-based indicator of NOx and VOC controls on surface ozone formation
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/06/11/
VL  - 44
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2213
EP  - 2223
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: We investigated variations in the relative sensitivity of surface ozone formation in summer to precursor species concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) as inferred from the ratio of the tropospheric columns of formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide (the “Ratio”) from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Our modeling study suggests that ozone formation decreases with reductions in VOCs at Ratios <1 and NOx at Ratios >2; both NOx and VOC reductions may decrease ozone formation for Ratios between 1 and 2. Using this criteria, the OMI data indicate that ozone formation became: 1. more sensitive to NOx over most of the United States from 2005 to 2007 because of the substantial decrease in NOx emissions, primarily from stationary sources, and the concomitant decrease in the tropospheric column of NO2, and 2. more sensitive to NOx with increasing temperature, in part because emissions of highly reactive, biogenic isoprene increase with temperature, thus increasing the total VOC reactivity. In cities with relatively low isoprene emissions (e.g., Chicago), the data clearly indicate that ozone formation became more sensitive to NOx from 2005 to 2007. In cities with relatively high isoprene emissions (e.g., Atlanta), we found that the increase in the Ratio due to decreasing NOx emissions was not obvious as this signal was convolved with variations in the Ratio associated with the temperature dependence of isoprene emissions and, consequently, the formaldehyde concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Ozone -- Physiological effect
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Environmental indicators
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Air quality indicator
KW  - HCHO
KW  - NO2
KW  - OMI
KW  - Surface ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 50421140; Duncan, Bryan N. 1; Email Address: Bryan.N.Duncan@nasa.gov; Yoshida, Yasuko 1,2; Olson, Jennifer R. 3; Sillman, Sanford 4; Martin, Randall V. 5,6; Lamsal, Lok 5; Hu, Yongtao 7; Pickering, Kenneth E. 1; Retscher, Christian 1,2; Allen, Dale J. 8; Crawford, James H. 3; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 5: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; 6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 7: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 8: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 44 Issue 18, p2213; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Ozone -- Physiological effect; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Environmental indicators; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject Term: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality indicator; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCHO; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: OMI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface ozone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=50421140&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Creilson, John K.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.
AU  - Vining, G. Geoffrey
AU  - Szarka, John
AU  - Booker, Fitzgerald L.
AU  - Xu, Xiaojing
T1  - An investigation of widespread ozone damage to the soybean crop in the upper Midwest determined from ground-based and satellite measurements
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/06/11/
VL  - 44
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2248
EP  - 2256
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3) are frequently measured over farmland regions in many parts of the world. While numerous experimental studies show that O3 can significantly decrease crop productivity, independent verifications of yield losses at current ambient O3 concentrations in rural locations are sparse. In this study, soybean crop yield data during a 5-year period over the Midwest of the United States were combined with ground and satellite O3 measurements to provide evidence that yield losses on the order of 10% could be estimated through the use of a multiple linear regression model. Yield loss trends based on both conventional ground-based instrumentation and satellite-derived tropospheric O3 measurements were statistically significant and were consistent with results obtained from open-top chamber experiments and an open-air experimental facility (SoyFACE, Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment) in central Illinois. Our analysis suggests that such losses are a relatively new phenomenon due to the increase in background tropospheric O3 levels over recent decades. Extrapolation of these findings supports previous studies that estimate the global economic loss to the farming community of more than $10 billion annually. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soybean
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Ozone -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Scientific satellites
KW  - United States
KW  - Illinois
KW  - Crop damage
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Yield
N1  - Accession Number: 50421144; Fishman, Jack 1; Email Address: jack.fishman@nasa.gov; Creilson, John K. 1,2; Parker, Peter A. 3; Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. 4; Vining, G. Geoffrey 5; Szarka, John 5; Booker, Fitzgerald L. 6; Xu, Xiaojing 1; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: Dept. of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; 3: Systems Engineering Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: USDA-ARS Photosynthesis Research Unit and Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; 5: Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; 6: USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Dept. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 44 Issue 18, p2248; Thesaurus Term: Soybean; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: Ozone -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Scientific satellites; Subject: United States; Subject: Illinois; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yield; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111110 Soybean Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=50421144&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wuyin Lin
AU  - Minghua Zhang
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
T1  - Reply to Comments on “Seasonal Variation of the Physical Properties of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds off the California Coast”.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2010/06/15/
VL  - 23
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3421
EP  - 3423
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - A response by Wuyin Lin, Minghua Zhang, and Norman G. Loeb to a letter to the editor about the comments on the article "Seasonal variation of the physical properties of marine boundary layer clouds off the California coast" that was published in the issue.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Marine boundary layer
KW  - North America
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Seasonal variability
N1  - Accession Number: 52175199; Wuyin Lin 1; Email Address: wlin@bnl.gov; Minghua Zhang 1; Loeb, Norman G. 2; Affiliations: 1: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jun2010, Vol. 23 Issue 12, p3421; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: North America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasonal variability; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3483.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, T.
T1  - Histogram equalisation by Gaussian particle diffusion.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2010/06/24/
VL  - 46
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 911
EP  - 913
SN  - 00135194
AB  - Greyscale histogram equalisation is formulated by particle diffusion, which is extendable to any dimension. A histogram is approximated by a Gaussian mixture and its potential energy function is defined by its disparity from the uniform distribution. As a mechanical analogy, the equivalent dynamic system, corresponding to this potential, can be derived as a second-order ordinary differential equation. Adding viscosity terms to the dynamic system, we can acquire the stability which is validated by experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - DIMENSIONS
KW  - VISCOSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 51599965; Kim, T. 1; Email Address: taemin.kim@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Intelligent Robotics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Issue Info: 6/24/2010, Vol. 46 Issue 13, p911; Thesaurus Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: DIMENSIONS; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2010.0332
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=51599965&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bergstrom, R. W.
AU  - Schmidt, K. S.
AU  - Coddington, O.
AU  - Pilewskie, P.
AU  - Guan, H.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
T1  - Aerosol spectral absorption in the Mexico City area: results from airborne measurements during MILAGRO/INTEX B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 10
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 6333
EP  - 6343
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This paper presents estimates of the spectral solar absorption due to atmospheric aerosols during the 2006 MILAGRO/INTEX-B (Megacity Initiative-Local And Global Research Observations/Phase B of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment) field campaign. The aerosol absorption was derived from measurements of the spectral solar radiation and the spectral aerosol optical depth made on the J31 aircraft flying over the Gulf of Mexico and over Mexico City. We present the spectral single scattering albedo (SSA) and aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) for two flights over the Gulf of Mexico and three flights over Mexico City for wavelengths from 350 to approximately 1650 nm. The spectral aerosol optical properties of each case are different and illustrate the variability of the aerosol optical properties in the Mexico City area. The results can be described in terms of three different wavelength regions: The 350-500 nm region where the aerosol absorption often falls off sharply presumably due to organic carbonaceous particles and windblown dust; the 500-1000 nm region where the decrease with wavelength is slower presumably due to black carbon; and the near infrared spectral region (1000 nm to 1650 nm) where it is difficult to obtain reliable results since the aerosol absorption is relatively small and the gas absorption dominates. However, there is an indication of a small and somewhat wavelength independent absorption in the region beyond 1000 nm. For one of the flights over the Gulf of Mexico near the coastline it appears that a cloud/fog formation and evaporation led to an increase of absorption possibly due to a water shell remaining on the particles after the cloud/fog had dissipated. For two of the Mexico City cases, the single scattering albedo is roughly constant between 350-500 nm consistent with other Mexico City results. In three of the cases a single absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) fits the aerosol absorption optical depth over the entire wavelength range of 350 to 1650 nm relatively well (r2> 0.86). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 52551404; Bergstrom, R. W. 1; Email Address: bergstrom@baeri.org; Schmidt, K. S. 2; Coddington, O. 2; Pilewskie, P. 2; Guan, H. 1; Livingston, J. M. 3; Redemann, J. 1; Russell, P. B. 4; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 13, p6333; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-10-6333-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52551404&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hansell, R. A.
AU  - Reid, J. S.
AU  - Tsay, S. C.
AU  - Roush, T. L.
AU  - Kalashnikova, O. V.
T1  - A sensitivity study on the effects of particle chemistry, asphericity and size on the mass extinction efficiency of mineral dust in the terrestrial atmosphere: from the near to thermal IR.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 17213
EP  - 17262
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - To determine a plausible range of mass extinction efficiencies (MEE) of terrestrial atmospheric dust from the near to thermal IR, sensitivity analyses are performed over an extended range of dust microphysical and chemistry perturbations. The IR values are subsequently compared to those in the near-IR, to evaluate spectral relationships in their optical properties. Synthesized size distributions consistent with measurements, model particle size, while composition is defined by the refractive indices of minerals routinely observed in dust, including the widely used OPAC/Hess parameterization. Single-scattering properties of representative dust particle shapes are calculated using the T-matrix, discrete dipole approximation and Lorenz-Mie light-scattering codes. For the parameterizations examined, MEE ranges from 0-1.2m2 g-1, with large contributions from non-spheres composed of quartz and gypsum. At near-IR wavelengths, MEE for non-spheres generally exceeds those for spheres, while in the IR, shape-induced changes in MEE strongly depend on volume median diameter (VMD) and wavelength, particularly for MEE evaluated at the mineral resonant frequencies. MEE distributions appear to follow particle geometry and are evidence for shape dependency in the optical properties. It is also shown that non-spheres best reproduce the positions of prominent absorption peaks found in silicates. Generally, angular particles exhibit wider and more symmetric MEE distribution patterns from 8-10 μm than those with smooth surfaces, likely due to their edge-effects. Lastly, MEE ratios allow for inferring dust optical properties across the visible-IR spectrum. We conclude MEE are significant for the parameter space investigated, and are a key component for applications including sea surface temperature retrievals and the study of direct aerosol radiative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mass extinctions
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Particle size determination
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Refractive index of minerals
KW  - T-matrix
KW  - Quartz
N1  - Accession Number: 52932171; Hansell, R. A. 1,2; Email Address: richard.a.hansell@nasa.gov; Reid, J. S. 3; Tsay, S. C. 2; Roush, T. L. 4; Kalashnikova, O. V. 5; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 3: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, USA; 4: NASA Ames, Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p17213; Thesaurus Term: Mass extinctions; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Particle size determination; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: Refractive index of minerals; Subject Term: T-matrix; Subject Term: Quartz; Number of Pages: 50p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-17213-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52932171&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, E.
AU  - Lingenfelser, G.
T1  - Analysis of SAGE II ozone of the middle and upper stratosphere for its response to a decadal-scale forcing.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 17307
EP  - 17340
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) Version 6.2 ozone profiles are analyzed for their decadal-scale responses in the middle and upper stratosphere from September 1991 to August 2005, a time span for which the trends in reactive chlorine are relatively small. The profile data are averaged within twelve, 20°-wide latitude bins from 55° S to 55° N and at eleven altitudes from 27.5 to 52.5 km. The separate, 14-yr data time series are analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) models that include seasonal, interannual, 11-yr sinusoid, and linear trend terms. Proxies are not used for the interannual, solar uv-flux, or reactive chlorine terms. Instead, the present analysis focuses on the periodic 11-yr terms to see whether they are inphase with that of a direct, uv-flux forcing or are dominated by some other decadal scale influence. It is shown that they are in-phase over most of the latitude/altitude domain and that they have max minus min variations between 25° S and 25° N that peak near 4% between 30 and 40 km. Model simulations of the direct effects of uv flux forcings agree with this finding. Ozone in the middle stratosphere of the northern subtropics is perturbed during 1991-1992, following the eruption of Pinatubo. There are also pronounced decadal-scale variations in the ozone of the upper stratosphere for the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere, presumably due to dynamical forcings. The 11-yr ozone responses of the Southern Hemisphere are relatively free of those extra influences. The associated linear trend terms from the analyses are negative (-2 to -4%/decade) for this 14-yr time period and are nearly constant across latitude in the upper stratosphere. This finding is consistent with the fact that total and reactive chlorine are not changing appreciably from 1991 to 2005. It is concluded that the satellite, solar occultation technique can be used to record the responses of stratospheric ozone to the decadal-scale forcings from the solar uv-flux, as well as those due to the long-term changes from dynamic forcings, reactive chlorine, and the greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chlorine
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Sinusoidal projection (Cartography)
KW  - Solar Ultraviolet Network
KW  - Northern Hemisphere -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines)
KW  - Philippines
N1  - Accession Number: 52932173; Remsberg, E. 1; Email Address: ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov; Lingenfelser, G. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 2: SSAI, 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA, 23661, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p17307; Thesaurus Term: Chlorine; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Sinusoidal projection (Cartography); Subject Term: Solar Ultraviolet Network; Subject Term: Northern Hemisphere -- Environmental conditions; Subject: Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines); Subject: Philippines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-17307-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52932173&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hobbs, Alan
AU  - Williamson, Ann
AU  - Van Dongen, Hans P. A.
T1  - A CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN SKILL-BASED ERRORS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE.
JO  - Chronobiology International: The Journal of Biological & Medical Rhythm Research
JF  - Chronobiology International: The Journal of Biological & Medical Rhythm Research
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 27
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1304
EP  - 1316
SN  - 07420528
AB  - In workplaces where activity continues around the clock, human error has been observed to exhibit a circadian rhythm, with a characteristic peak in the early hours of the morning. Errors are commonly distinguished by the nature of the underlying cognitive failure, particularly the level of intentionality involved in the erroneous action. The Skill-Rule-Knowledge (SRK) framework of Rasmussen is used widely in the study of industrial errors and accidents. The SRK framework describes three fundamental types of error, according to whether behavior is under the control of practiced sensori-motor skill routines with minimal conscious awareness; is guided by implicit or explicit rules or expertise; or where the planning of actions requires the conscious application of domain knowledge. Up to now, examinations of circadian patterns of industrial errors have not distinguished between different types of error. Consequently, it is not clear whether all types of error exhibit the same circadian rhythm. A survey was distributed to aircraft maintenance personnel in Australia. Personnel were invited to anonymously report a safety incident and were prompted to describe, in detail, the human involvement (if any) that contributed to it. A total of 402 airline maintenance personnel reported an incident, providing 369 descriptions of human error in which the time of the incident was reported and sufficient detail was available to analyze the error. Errors were categorized using a modified version of the SRK framework, in which errors are categorized as skill-based, rule-based, or knowledge-based, or as procedure violations. An independent check confirmed that the SRK framework had been applied with sufficient consistency and reliability. Skill-based errors were the most common form of error, followed by procedure violations, rule-based errors, and knowledge-based errors. The frequency of errors was adjusted for the estimated proportion of workers present at work/each hour of the day, and the 24 h pattern of each error type was examined. Skill-based errors exhibited a significant circadian rhythm, being most prevalent in the early hours of the morning. Variation in the frequency of rule-based errors, knowledge-based errors, and procedure violations over the 24 h did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that during the early hours of the morning, maintenance technicians are at heightened risk of “absent minded” errors involving failures to execute action plans as intended. (Author correspondence: ) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chronobiology International: The Journal of Biological & Medical Rhythm Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biological rhythms
KW  - Circadian rhythms
KW  - Human error
KW  - Motor ability
KW  - Australia
KW  - Airline
KW  - Circadian rhythm
KW  - Cognitive performance
KW  - Skill-based error
N1  - Accession Number: 52475594; Hobbs, Alan 1; Email Address: alan.hobbs@nasa.gov; Williamson, Ann 2; Van Dongen, Hans P. A. 3; Affiliations: 1: San Jose State University/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; 2: Department of Aviation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.; 3: Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA.; Issue Info: Jul2010, Vol. 27 Issue 6, p1304; Thesaurus Term: Biological rhythms; Subject Term: Circadian rhythms; Subject Term: Human error; Subject Term: Motor ability; Subject: Australia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circadian rhythm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skill-based error; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3109/07420528.2010.484890
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian, Feng
AU  - Claire, Mark W.
AU  - Haqq-Misra, Jacob D.
AU  - Smith, Megan
AU  - Crisp, David C.
AU  - Catling, David
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Kasting, James F.
T1  - Photochemical and climate consequences of sulfur outgassing on early Mars
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 295
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 412
EP  - 418
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Ancient Mars might have been warm and wet compared to today, but climate models have trouble reproducing this warmth, partly because of the faintness of the young Sun and partly because of inherent limitations to CO2–H2O greenhouse warming. In particular, Rayleigh scattering of incoming sunlight by a dense, CO2-rich atmosphere leads to a high planetary albedo, thereby reducing the amount of sunlight absorbed by the planet. It has been recently suggested that the presence of 1–100ppmv SO2 in Mars'' early atmosphere might have provided enough additional greenhouse warming to maintain a warm, wet early Mars. We show, however, that this warming should have been more than offset by cooling from sulfate and sulfur aerosols in early martian atmosphere. Hence, the paradox of Mars'' early climate remains unresolved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Sulfur dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Rayleigh scattering
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - early Mars climate sulfur photochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 51437236; Tian, Feng 1; Email Address: tian@colorado.edu; Claire, Mark W. 2; Haqq-Misra, Jacob D. 3; Smith, Megan 3; Crisp, David C. 4; Catling, David 5; Zahnle, Kevin 6; Kasting, James F. 7; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 2: Virtual Planetary Laboratory and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 3: Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 4: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 5: Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle WA 98195, USA; 6: Mail Stop 245-3, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 7: Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Issue Info: Jul2010, Vol. 295 Issue 3/4, p412; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: METEOROLOGY; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Sulfur dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Rayleigh scattering; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: early Mars climate sulfur photochemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Anderson, Bruce T.
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Physical Climate Response to a Reduction of Anthropogenic Climate Forcing.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - Recent research indicates that the warming of the climate system resulting from increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next century will persist for many centuries after the cessation of these emissions, principally because of the persistence of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and their attendant radiative forcing. However, it is unknown whether the responses of other components of the climate system—including those related to Greenland and Antarctic ice cover, the Atlantic thermohaline circulation, the West African monsoon, and ecosystem and human welfare—would be reversed even if atmospheric CO2 concentrations were to recover to 1990 levels. Here, using a simple set of experiments employing a current-generation numerical climate model, the authors examine the response of the physical climate system to decreasing CO2 concentrations following an initial increase. Results indicate that many characteristics of the climate system, including global temperatures, precipitation, soil moisture, and sea ice, recover as CO2 concentrations decrease. However, other components of the Earth system may still exhibit nonlinear hysteresis. In these experiments, for instance, increases in stratospheric water vapor, which initially result from increased CO2 concentrations, remain present even as CO2 concentrations recover. These results suggest that identification of additional threshold behaviors in response to human-induced global climate change should focus on subcomponents of the full Earth system, including cryosphere, biosphere, and chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Monsoons
KW  - Climate
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Forcing
N1  - Accession Number: 52009644; Samanta, Arindam 1; Email Address: arindam.sam@gmail.com; Anderson, Bruce T. 1; Ganguly, Sangram 2; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.; 2: BAERI/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 14 Issue 7, p1; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Monsoons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forcing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010EI325.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52009644&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David H.
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
T1  - Why Income Comparison Is Rational
JO  - Games and Economic Behavior
JF  - Games and Economic Behavior
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
SP  - 458
EP  - 474
SN  - 08998256
N1  - Accession Number: 1119242; Keywords: Happiness;  Utility; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201008
N2  - A major factor affecting a person's happiness is the gap between their income and their neighbors', independent of their own income. This effect is strongest when the neighbor has moderately higher income. In addition a person's lifetime happiness often follows a "U" shape. Previous models have explained subsets of these phenomena, typically assuming the person has limited ability to assess their own (hedonic) utility. Here I present a model that explains all the phenomena, without such assumptions. In this model greater income of your neighbor is statistical data that, if carefully analyzed, would recommend that you explore for a new income-generating strategy. This explains unhappiness that your neighbor has greater income, as an emotional "prod" that induces you to explore, in accord with careful statistical analysis. It explains the "U" shape of happiness similarly. Another benefit of this model is that it makes many falsifiable predictions.
KW  - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles          D03
KW  - Consumer Economics: Theory          D11
KW  - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief          D83
KW  - General Welfare; Well-Being          I31
L3  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08998256
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1119242&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geb.2009.12.001
UR  - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/08998256
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banks, Eric D.
AU  - Taylor, Nicholas M.
AU  - Gulley, Jason
AU  - Lubbers, Brad R.
AU  - Giarrizo, Juan G.
AU  - Bullen, Heather A.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Barton, Hazel A.
T1  - Bacterial Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in Cave Environments: A Function of Calcium Homeostasis.
JO  - Geomicrobiology Journal
JF  - Geomicrobiology Journal
Y1  - 2010/07//Jul/Aug2010
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 454
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01490451
AB  - To determine if microbial species play an active role in the development of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposits (speleothems) in cave environments, we isolated 51 culturable bacteria from a coralloid speleothem and tested their ability to dissolve and precipitate CaCO3. The majority of these isolates could precipitate CaCO3 minerals; scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractrometry demonstrated that aragonite, calcite and vaterite were produced in this process. Due to the inability of dead cells to precipitate these minerals, this suggested that calcification requires metabolic activity. Given growth of these species on calcium acetate, but the toxicity of Ca2+ ions to bacteria, we created a loss-of-function gene knock-out in the Ca2+ ion efflux protein ChaA. The loss of this protein inhibited growth on media containing calcium, suggesting that the need to remove Ca2+ ions from the cell may drive calcification. With no carbonate in the media used in the calcification studies, we used stable isotope probing with C13O2 to determine whether atmospheric CO2 could be the source of these ions. The resultant crystals were significantly enriched in this heavy isotope, suggesting that extracellular CO2 does indeed contribute to the mineral structure. The physiological adaptation of removing toxic Ca2+ ions by calcification, while useful in numerous environments, would be particularly beneficial to bacteria in Ca2+-rich cave environments. Such activity may also create the initial crystal nucleation sites that contribute to the formation of secondary CaCO3 deposits within caves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geomicrobiology Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - CALCIUM carbonate
KW  - HOMEOSTASIS
KW  - SPELEOTHEMS
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - calcite
KW  - calcium caves
KW  - coralloids
KW  - homeostasis
KW  - speleothems
N1  - Accession Number: 51312177; Banks, Eric D. 1; Taylor, Nicholas M. 1; Gulley, Jason 1; Lubbers, Brad R. 1; Giarrizo, Juan G. 1; Bullen, Heather A. 2; Hoehler, Tori M. 3; Barton, Hazel A. 1; Email Address: bartonh@nku.edu; Source Information: Jul/Aug2010, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p444; Subject: BACTERIA; Subject: CALCIUM carbonate; Subject: HOMEOSTASIS; Subject: SPELEOTHEMS; Subject: MICROBIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: calcite; Author-Supplied Keyword: calcium caves; Author-Supplied Keyword: coralloids; Author-Supplied Keyword: homeostasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: speleothems; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01490450903485136
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=51312177&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Wilber, Anne C.
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Sothcott, Victor E.
T1  - Improvement of Surface Longwave Flux Algorithms Used in CERES Processing.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1579
EP  - 1589
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - An improvement was developed and tested for surface longwave flux algorithms used in the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System processing based on lessons learned during the validation of global results of those algorithms. The algorithms involved showed significant overestimation of downward longwave flux for certain regions, especially dry–arid regions during hot times of the day. The primary cause of this overestimation was identified and the algorithms were modified to (i) detect meteorological conditions that would produce an overestimation, and (ii) apply a correction when the overestimation occurred. The application of this correction largely eliminated the positive bias that was observed in earlier validation studies. Comparisons of validation results before and after the application of correction are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Global radiation
KW  - Atmospheric ionization
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Fluxes
KW  - Longwave radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 53135280; Gupta, Shashi K. 1; Email Address: shashi.k.gupta@nasa.gov; Kratz, David P. 2; Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 2; Wilber, Anne C. 1; Taiping Zhang 1; Sothcott, Victor E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jul2010, Vol. 49 Issue 7, p1579; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Global radiation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ionization; Subject Term: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Longwave radiation; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JAMC2463.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=53135280&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cabell, Randolph H.
T1  - Vibration response models of a stiffened aluminum plate excited by a shaker.
JO  - Noise Control Engineering Journal
JF  - Noise Control Engineering Journal
Y1  - 2010/07//Jul/Aug2010
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 402
PB  - Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA
SN  - 07362501
AB  - Vibration response predictions from commercially available vibroacoustic computer codes were compared with experimentally measured velocities of a stiffened aluminum plate excited by a shaker. Predictions were computed using two energy finite element codes, a statistical energy analysis code, and a structural finite element code. The stiffened aluminum plate was approximately 1.44 m², with three Z-section stiffeners and six inverted-hat stiffeners riveted to the plate. Shaker excitation cases discussed here include normal excitation of a subpanel and normal excitation of a stiffener. Comparisons were done for the spatially averaged mean square velocity over the entire panel and mean square velocity variation spatially averaged within each of eight central subpanels. Within the finite element analysis, the accuracy of simple beam elements was compared with a more complex beam representation consisting of plate elements. In the SEA model, a ribbed-panel single subsystem model was compared with a multiple-subsystem plate-beam model. Different methods for representing the power input for the stiffener-excitation case are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Noise Control Engineering Journal is the property of Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Measurement-model comparison
KW  - Frequencies of oscillating systems
KW  - Plates (Engineering)
KW  - Frequency response (Dynamics)
KW  - Vibration (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 55480515; Cabell, Randolph H. 1; Email Address: randolph.h.cabell@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 463, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681.; Issue Info: Jul/Aug2010, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p389; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Measurement-model comparison; Subject Term: Frequencies of oscillating systems; Subject Term: Plates (Engineering); Subject Term: Frequency response (Dynamics); Subject Term: Vibration (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lian, Yongsheng
AU  - Oyama, Akira
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
T1  - Progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms for aerodynamic problems
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2010/07//
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 46
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 223
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are useful tools in design optimization. Due to their simplicity, ease of use, and suitability for multi-objective design optimization problems, EAs have been applied to design optimization problems from various areas. In this paper we review the recent progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms to solve real-world aerodynamic problems. Examples are given in the design of turbo pump, compressor, and micro-air vehicles. The paper covers the following topics that are deemed important to solve a large optimization problem from a practical viewpoint: (1) hybridized approaches to speed up the convergence rate of EAs; (2) the use of surrogate model to reduce the computational cost stemmed from EAs; (3) reliability based design optimization using EAs; and (4) data mining of Pareto-optimal solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY computation
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - MICRO air vehicles
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - PROBLEM solving
N1  - Accession Number: 50391419; Source Information: Jul2010, Vol. 46 Issue 5/6, p199; Subject Term: MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY computation; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DATA mining; Subject Term: MICRO air vehicles; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 25p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2009.08.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=50391419&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Ishkhanova, Galina
AU  - Ishkhanov, George
AU  - Henson, Joan
T1  - Induction of saprophytic behavior in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus granulatus by litter addition in a Pinus contorta (Lodgepole pine) stand in Yellowstone
JO  - Soil Biology & Biochemistry
JF  - Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1176
EP  - 1178
AB  - Abstract: In a previous study, we demonstrated that Suillus granulatus exhibits positive growth responses to added litter. From this, we hypothesized that this positive growth response (increased number of EM root tips) would be accompanied by increased activities of enzymes that enable EM fungi to utilize litter as a nutrient source. We tested this hypothesis by adding sterile litter in replicate treatment/control blocks, and assaying cellulase, laccase and phosphatase activities in the dominant fungal species, S. granulatus. We used healthy, growing EM roots for both treatment and control assays. Activities of all enzymes increased significantly in response to litter addition (P < 0.05 laccase; P < 0.01 cellulase; P < 0.001 phosphatase). Hence, litter accumulation apparently causes functional as well as structural changes to the EM fungal community that would significantly affect carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Soil Biology & Biochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Saprophytism
KW  - Forest litter
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Phosphatases
KW  - Ectomycorrhizas
KW  - Lodgepole pine
KW  - Laccase
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
KW  - Ectomycorrhiza
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Litter addition
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 50396718; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: cullings1@earthlink.net; Ishkhanova, Galina 1; Ishkhanov, George 1; Henson, Joan 2; Email Address: jhenson@montana.edu; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Issue Info: Jul2010, Vol. 42 Issue 7, p1176; Thesaurus Term: Saprophytism; Thesaurus Term: Forest litter; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Phosphatases; Subject Term: Ectomycorrhizas; Subject Term: Lodgepole pine; Subject Term: Laccase; Subject: Yellowstone National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhiza; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Litter addition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=50396718&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 105047354
T1  - Effects of high intensity exercise on biventricular function assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in endurance trained and normally active individuals.
AU  - Scott JM
AU  - Esch BT
AU  - Haykowsky MJ
AU  - Paterson I
AU  - Warburton DE
AU  - Chow K
AU  - Baron JC
AU  - Lopaschuk GD
AU  - Thompson RB
Y1  - 2010/07/15/
N1  - Accession Number: 105047354. Language: English. Entry Date: 20100820. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 0207277. 
KW  - Exercise Tolerance -- Physiology
KW  - Physical Endurance
KW  - Exertion
KW  - Cardiovascular System Physiology
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KW  - Male
SP  - 278
EP  - 283
JO  - American Journal of Cardiology
JF  - American Journal of Cardiology
JA  - AM J CARDIOL
VL  - 106
IS  - 2
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
SN  - 0002-9149
AD  - University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. jessica.m.scott@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 20599016.
DO  - 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.02.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roberts, G. C.
AU  - Day, D. A.
AU  - Russell, L. M.
AU  - Dunlea, E. J.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Tomlinson, J. M.
AU  - Collins, D. R.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
T1  - Characterization of particle cloud droplet activity and composition in the free troposphere and the boundary layer during INTEX-B.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/07/15/
VL  - 10
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 6627
EP  - 6644
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), aerosol size distributions, and submicron aerosol composition were made as part of the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Phase B (INTEX-B) campaign during spring 2006. Measurements were conducted from an aircraft platform over the northeastern Pacific and western North America with a focus on how the transport and evolution of Asian pollution across the Pacific Ocean affected CCN properties. A broad range of air masses were sampled and here we focus on three distinct air mass types defined geographically: the Pacific free troposphere (FT), the marine boundary layer (MBL), and the polluted continental boundary layer in the California Central Valley (CCV). These observations add to the few observations of CCN in the FT. CCN concentrations showed a large range of concentrations between air masses, however CCN activity was similar for the MBL and CCV (κ~0.2-0.25). FT air masses showed evidence of long-range transport from Asia and CCN activity was consistently higher than for the boundary layer air masses. Bulk chemical measurements predicted CCN activity reasonably well for the CCV and FT air masses. Decreasing trends in κ with organic mass fraction were observed for the combination of the FT and CCV air masses and can be explained by the measured soluble inorganic chemical components. Changes in hygroscopicity associated with differences in the non-refractory organic composition were too small to be distinguished from the simultaneous changes in inorganic ion composition in the FT and MBL, although measurements for the large organic fractions (0.6-0.8) found in the CCV showed values of the organic fraction hygroscopicity consistent with other polluted regions (κorg~0.1-0.2). A comparison of CCN-derived κ (for particles at the critical diameter) to H-TDMA-derived κ (for particles at 100 nm diameter) showed similar trends, however the CCN-derived κvalues were significantly higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Pacific Ocean
KW  - North America
N1  - Accession Number: 52588374; Roberts, G. C. 1; Email Address: gcroberts@ucsd.edu; Day, D. A. 1; Russell, L. M. 1; Dunlea, E. J. 2; Jimenez, J. L. 2,3; Tomlinson, J. M. 4; Collins, D. R. 5; Shinozuka, Y. 6; Clarke, A. D. 7; Affiliations: 1: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 7: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 14, p6627; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Subject: Pacific Ocean; Subject: North America; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-10-6627-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52588374&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BROWNING, GRANT
AU  - CARLSSON, LEIF A.
AU  - RATCLIFFE, JAMES G.
T1  - Redesign of the ECT Test for Mode III Delamination Testing. Part I: Finite Element Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2010/07/15/
VL  - 44
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1867
EP  - 1881
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A series of finite element analyses (Part I) and tests (Part II) on various modifications of the edge crack torsion (ECT) test have been conducted in an effort to render the test more suitable for characterizing mode III delamination in laminated composites. To this end, two ECT specimen configurations were considered. The first configuration involves loading the specimen at a single location, and the second configuration involves a symmetric double load point application. Investigations were conducted on the effect of specimen overhang, along the length and width direction, on the inferred strain energy release rate distributions across the delamination front. Stress distributions in the vicinity of the delamination front were used to infer the corresponding modes I, II, and III strain energy release rate distributions. Results indicate the single and double loading configurations exhibiting similar stress distributions along the delamination front. Specimens with short crack lengths and small amounts of overhang yielded the most uniform distribution of mode III loading along the delamination front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - TEST methods
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - composite laminates
KW  - delamination
KW  - finite element analysis
KW  - mode III
KW  - test method
N1  - Accession Number: 51995949; BROWNING, GRANT 1; CARLSSON, LEIF A. 2; RATCLIFFE, JAMES G. 2; Email Address: james.g.ratcliffe@nasa.gov; Source Information: Jul2010, Vol. 44 Issue 15, p1867; Subject: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject: TEST methods; Subject: FINITE element method; Subject: STRESS concentration; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: composite laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: mode III; Author-Supplied Keyword: test method; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998309356606
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=51995949&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alperin, Marc
AU  - Hoehler, Tori
T1  - The Ongoing Mystery of Sea-Floor Methane.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/07/16/
VL  - 329
IS  - 5989
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 289
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses sea-floor methane which is produced in the ocean sediments. According to the authors, much of the methane is consumed by anaerobic microorganisms as it diffuses up through oxygen-poor (anoxic) sediments. The process, which is called anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO), is poorly understood and little is known about its reaction mechanism or the factors controlling oxidation rates. Topics include an overview of AMO studies that have focused on dynamic seep sediments, which are areas where rapid advection of methane-rich fluids is able to support dense populations of microorganisms, and a discussion on the similarity between microbial mechanisms and processes in quiescent sediments and dynamic seeps.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Methane
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - Oxidation-reduction reaction
KW  - Anoxic zones
KW  - Ocean bottom
KW  - Methanotrophs
KW  - Reaction mechanisms (Chemistry)
KW  - Marine sediments
KW  - Anaerobic bacteria -- Molecular aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 52621732; Alperin, Marc 1; Email Address: alperin@email.unc.edu; Hoehler, Tori 2; Email Address: tori.m.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 7/16/2010, Vol. 329 Issue 5989, p288; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation-reduction reaction; Thesaurus Term: Anoxic zones; Thesaurus Term: Ocean bottom; Subject Term: Methanotrophs; Subject Term: Reaction mechanisms (Chemistry); Subject Term: Marine sediments; Subject Term: Anaerobic bacteria -- Molecular aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1189966
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52621732&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Bertram, T. H.
AU  - Farmer, D. K.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Fuelberg, H.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Sachse, G.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - The production and persistence of ΣRONO2 in the Mexico City plume.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 10
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 7215
EP  - 7229
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Alkyl and multifunctional nitrates (RONO2, ΣANs) have been observed to be a significant fraction of NOy in a number of different chemical regimes. Their formation is an important free radical chain termination step ending production of ozone and possibly affecting formation of secondary organic aerosol. ΣANs also represent a potentially large, unmeasured contribution to OH reactivity and are a major pathway for the removal of nitrogen oxides from the atmosphere. Numerous studies have investigated the role of nitrate formation from biogenic compounds and in the remote atmosphere. Less attention has been paid to the role ΣANs may play in the complex mixtures of hydrocarbons typical of urban settings. Measurements of total alkyl and multifunctional nitrates, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), HNO3 and a representative suite of hydrocarbons were obtained from the NASA DC-8 aircraft during spring of 2006 in and around Mexico City and the Gulf of Mexico. ΣANs were observed to be 10-20% of NOy in the Mexico City plume and to increase in importance with increased photochemical age. We describe three conclusions: (1) Correlations of ΣANs with odd-oxygen (Ox) indicate a stronger role for Σ6ANs in the photochemistry of Mexico City than is expected based on currently accepted photochemical mechanisms, (2) ΣAN formation suppresses peak ozone production rates by as much as 40% in the near-field of Mexico City and (3) ΣANs play a significant role in the export of NOy from Mexico City to the Gulf Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Ethanol
KW  - Nitrates
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Mexico, Gulf of
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 53171597; Perring, A. E. 1,2,3; Email Address: anne.perring@noaa.gov; Bertram, T. H. 1,4; Farmer, D. K. 1,3; Wooldridge, P. J. 1; Dibb, J. 5; Blake, N. J. 6; Blake, D. R. 6; Singh, H. B. 7; Fuelberg, H. 8; Diskin, G. 9; Sachse, G. 9; Cohen, R. C. 1,10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 2: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 5: Climate Change Research Institute, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 8: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 10: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 15, p7215; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Ethanol; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides; Subject Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject: Mexico, Gulf of; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312140 Distilleries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-10-7215-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Howell, S. G.
AU  - Freitag, S.
AU  - O'Neill, N. T.
AU  - Reid, E. A.
AU  - Johnson, R.
AU  - Ramachandran, S.
AU  - McNaughton, C. S.
AU  - Kapustin, V. N.
AU  - Brekhovskikh, V.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
AU  - McArthur, L. J. B.
T1  - Airborne observation of aerosol optical depth during ARCTAS: vertical profiles, inter-comparison, fine-mode fraction and horizontal variability.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 10
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 18315
EP  - 18363
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We describe aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment, conducted in North America in April and June-July 2008, focusing on vertical profiles, inter-comparison with correlative observations, fine-mode fraction and horizontal variability. The AOD spectra spanning 354-2139nm measured with the 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) are generally less wavelength-dependent below 2 km (499-nm Angstrom exponent 1.4±0.3) than in 2-4km (1.6-1.8) for Alaska in April 2008. Together with concurrent aerosol mass spectrometry and black car bon incandescence measurements, this corroborates the hypothesis that Arctic haze in these layers originates mainly from anthropogenic emission and biomass burning, respectively. The spectra are within 3%+0.02 of the vertical integral of local visiblelight scattering and absorption for two thirds of the 55 vertical profiles examined. The horizontal structure of smoke plumes in central Canada in June and July 2008 explains most outliers. The differences in mid-visible Angstrom exponent are <0.10 for 63% of the profiles with 499-nm AOD>0.1. The retrieved fine-mode fraction of AOD is mostly between 0.7 and 1.0, and its root mean square difference from column-integral submicron fraction (measured with nephelometers, absorption photometers and an impactor) is 0.12. These AOD measurements from the NASA P-3 aircraft, after compensation for below-aircraft light attenuation by vertical extrapolation, mostly fall within 0.02 of AERONET ground-based measurements for five overpass events. Evidently, the fresh local emission in Canada in June and July makes the horizontal distribution of AOD highly heterogeneous (standard deviation ∼19% of the mean over 20 km) and random (autocorrelation r=0.37 across 20 km), in contrast to long-range transport to Alaska in April (std∼2%, r=0.95). The variability observed over 6km is noticeably smaller (std∼9%, r=0.71). The decrease represents the reduction in collocation error that remote sensing can potentially achieve by improving resolution for ARCTAS Canada and similar environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - North America
N1  - Accession Number: 52931775; Shinozuka, Y. 1,2; Email Address: Yohei.Shinozuka@nasa.gov; Redemann, J. 2; Livingston, J. M. 3; Russell, P. B. 4; Clarke, A. D. 5; Howell, S. G. 5; Freitag, S. 5; O'Neill, N. T. 6; Reid, E. A. 7; Johnson, R. 4; Ramachandran, S. 1,8; McNaughton, C. S. 5,9; Kapustin, V. N. 5; Brekhovskikh, V. 5; Holben, B. N. 10; McArthur, L. J. B. 11; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 3: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; 6: CARTEL, Universit 'e de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Qu'ebec, Canada; 7: Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA; 8: Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; 9: Aina Kai Environmental, LLC, Aiea, HI, USA; 10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, ML, USA; 11: Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 8, p18315; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject: North America; Number of Pages: 49p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-18315-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arola, A.
AU  - Schuster, G.
AU  - Myhre, G.
AU  - Kazadzis, S.
AU  - Dey, S.
AU  - Tripathi, S. N.
T1  - Inferring absorbing organic carbon content from AERONET data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 10
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 18365
EP  - 18388
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Black carbon, light-absorbing organic carbon (often called "brown carbon") and mineral dust are the major light-absorbing aerosols. Currently the sources and formation of brown carbon aerosol in particular are not well understood. In this study we estimated globally the amount of light-absorbing organic carbon and black carbon from AERONET measurements. We find that the columnar absorbing organic carbon (brown carbon) levels in biomass burning regions of South-America and Africa are relatively high (about 15-20 mg/m² during biomass burning season), while the concentrations are significantly lower in urban areas in US and Europe. However, we estimated significant absorbing organic carbon amounts from the data of megacities of newly industrialized countries, particularly in India and China, showing also clear seasonality with peak values up to 30-35 mg/m² during the coldest season, likely caused by the coal and biofuel burning used for heating. We also compared our retrievals with the modeled organic carbon by global Oslo CTM for several sites. Model values are higher in biomass burning regions than AERONET-based retrievals, while opposite is true in urban areas in India and China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Heating
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
N1  - Accession Number: 52931776; Arola, A. 1; Email Address: antti.arola@fmi.fi; Schuster, G. 2; Myhre, G. 3; Kazadzis, S. 4; Dey, S. 5; Tripathi, S. N. 6,7; Affiliations: 1: Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: Center for International Climate and Environmental Research Oslo (CICERO), Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway; 4: Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 15236 Athens, Greece; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA; 7: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur-208016, India; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 8, p18365; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Heating; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-18365-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=52931776&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simpson, I. J.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Barletta, B.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Gorham, K.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Meinardi, S.
AU  - Rowland, F. S.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Yang, M.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
T1  - Characterization of trace gases measured over Alberta oil sands mining operations: 76 speciated C2-C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, O3 and SO2
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 10
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 18507
EP  - 18560
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Oil sands comprise 30% of the world's oil reserves and the crude oil reserves in Canada's oil sands deposits are second only to Saudi Arabia. The extraction and processing of oil sands is much more challenging than for light sweet crude oils because of the high viscosity of the bitumen contained within the oil sands and because the bitumen is mixed with sand and contains chemical impurities such as sulphur. Despite these challenges, the importance of oil sands is increasing in the energy market. To our best knowledge this is the first peer-reviewed study to characterize volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from Alberta's oil sands mining sites. We present high precision gas chromatography measurements of 76 speciated C2-C10 VOCs (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, aromatics, monoterpenes, oxygenates, halocarbons, and sulphur compounds) in 17 boundary layer air samples collected over surface mining operations in northeast Alberta on 10 July 2008, using the NASA DC-8 airborne laboratory as a research platform. In addition to the VOCs, we present simultaneous measurements of CO2, CH4, CO, NO, NO2, NOy, O3 and SO2, which were measured in situ aboard the DC-8. Methane, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, NOy, SO2 and 53 VOCs (e.g., halocarbons, sulphur species, NMHCs) showed clear statistical enhancements (up to 1.1-397×) over the oil sands compared to local background values and, with the exception of CO, were higher over the oil sands than at any other time during the flight. Twenty halocarbons (e.g., CFCs, HFCs, halons, brominated species) either were not enhanced or were minimally enhanced (<10%) over the oil sands. Ozone levels remained low because of titration by NO, and three VOCs (propyne, furan, MTBE) remained below their 3 pptv detection limit throughout the flight. Based on their mutual correlations, the compounds emitted by the oil sands industry fell into two groups: (1) evaporative emissions from the oil sands and its products and/or from the diluent used to lower the viscosity of the extracted bitumen (i.e., C4-C9 alkanes, C5-C6 cycloalkanes, C6-C8 aromatics), together with CO; and (2) emissions associated with the mining effort (i.e., CO2, CO, CH4, NO, NO2, NOy, SO2, C2-C4 alkanes, C2-C4 alkenes, C9 aromatics, short-lived solvents such as C2Cl4 and C2HCl3, and longer-lived species such as HCFC-22 and HCFC-142b). Prominent in the second group, SO2 and NO were remarkably enhanced over the oil sands, with maximum enhancements of 38.7 and 5.0 ppbv, or 383 and 319× the local background, respectively. The SO2 enhancements are comparable to maximum values measured in heavily polluted megacities such as Mexico City and are attributed to coke combustion. By contrast, relatively poor correlations between CH4, ethane and propane suggest low natural gas leakage despite its heavy use at the surface mining sites. In addition to the emission of many trace gases, the natural drawdown of OCS by vegetation was absent above the surface mining operations, presumably because of the widespread land disturbance. Unexpectedly, the mixing ratios of α- and β-pinene were much higher over the oil sands (up to 217 and 610 pptv, respectively) than over vegetation in the background boundary layer (20±7 and 84±24 pptv, respectively), and the pinenes correlated well with several industrial tracers that were elevated in the oil sands plumes. Because so few independent measurements from the oil sands mining industry exist, this study provides an important initial characterization of trace gas emissions from oil sands surface mining operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Oil sands industry
KW  - Energy industries
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Oil sands -- Alberta
KW  - Alberta
N1  - Accession Number: 52931780; Simpson, I. J. 1; Email Address: isimpson@uci.edu; Blake, N. J. 1; Barletta, B. 1; Diskin, G. S. 2; Fuelberg, H. E. 3; Gorham, K. 1; Huey, L. G. 4; Meinardi, S. 1; Rowland, F. S. 1; Vay, S. A. 2; Weinheimer, A. J. 5; Yang, M. 1,2; Blake, D. R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: Dept. of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; 4: School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Dr., Boulder, CO, 80305, USA; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 8, p18507; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Thesaurus Term: Oil sands industry; Thesaurus Term: Energy industries; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: Oil sands -- Alberta; Subject: Alberta; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211114 Non-conventional oil extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212317 Sandstone mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 54p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 8 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-10-18507-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bala, Govindasamy
AU  - Caldeira, K.
AU  - Nemani, R.
T1  - Fast versus slow response in climate change: implications for the global hydrological cycle.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 434
SN  - 09307575
AB  - Recent studies have shown that changes in global mean precipitation are larger for solar forcing than for CO2 forcing of similar magnitude. In this paper, we use an atmospheric general circulation model to show that the differences originate from differing fast responses of the climate system. We estimate the adjusted radiative forcing and fast response using Hansen’s “fixed-SST forcing” method. Total climate system response is calculated using mixed layer simulations using the same model. Our analysis shows that the fast response is almost 40% of the total response for few key variables like precipitation and evaporation. We further demonstrate that the hydrologic sensitivity, defined as the change in global mean precipitation per unit warming, is the same for the two forcings when the fast responses are excluded from the definition of hydrologic sensitivity, suggesting that the slow response (feedback) of the hydrological cycle is independent of the forcing mechanism. Based on our results, we recommend that the fast and slow response be compared separately in multi-model intercomparisons to discover and understand robust responses in hydrologic cycle. The significance of this study to geoengineering is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 52391000; Bala, Govindasamy 1; Email Address: bala.gov@gmail.com; Caldeira, K. 2; Nemani, R. 3; Affiliations: 1 : Divecha Center for Climate Change & Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.; 2 : Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.; 3 : NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Santa Clara, CA 94035, USA.;  Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 35 Issue 2/3, p423; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Thesaurus Term: Hydrology; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 1 Graph, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-009-0583-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Methanol droplet extinction in carbon-dioxide-enriched environments in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 157
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1439
EP  - 1445
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Diffusive extinction of methanol droplets with initial diameters between 1.25mm and 1.72mm, burning in a quiescent microgravity environment at one atmosphere pressure, was obtained experimentally for varying levels of ambient carbon-dioxide concentrations with a fixed oxygen concentration of 21% and a balance of nitrogen. These experiments serve as precursors to those which are beginning to be performed on the International Space Station and are motivated by the need to understand the effectiveness of carbon-dioxide as a fire suppressant in low-gravity environments. In these experiments, the flame standoff distance, droplet diameter, and flame radiation are measured as functions of time. The results show that the droplet extinction diameter depends on both the initial droplet diameter and the ambient concentration of carbon dioxide. Increasing the initial droplet diameter leads to an increased extinction diameter, while increasing the carbon-dioxide concentration leads to a slight decrease in the extinction diameter. These results are interpreted using a critical Damköhler number for extinction as predicted by an earlier theory, which is extended here to be applicable in the presence of effects of heat conduction along the droplet support fibers and of the volume occupied by the support beads. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methanol as fuel
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Flame
KW  - Heat conduction
KW  - Carbon-dioxide enriched combustion
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Methanol droplet
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - International Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 51811889; Hicks, Michael C. 1; Nayagam, Vedha 2; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Williams, Forman A. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Issue Info: Aug2010, Vol. 157 Issue 8, p1439; Thesaurus Term: Methanol as fuel; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Heat conduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon-dioxide enriched combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanol droplet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity ; Company/Entity: International Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.05.007
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - The carbon budget of California
JO  - Environmental Science & Policy
JF  - Environmental Science & Policy
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
EP  - 383
SN  - 14629011
AB  - Abstract: The carbon budget of a region can be defined as the sum of annual fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) greenhouse gases (GHGs) into and out of the regional surface coverage area. According to the state government''s recent inventory, California''s carbon budget is presently dominated by 115 MMTCE per year in fossil fuel emissions of CO2 (>85% of total annual GHG emissions) to meet energy and transportation requirements. Other notable (non-ecosystem) sources of carbon GHG emissions in 2004 were from cement- and lime-making industries (7%), livestock-based agriculture (5%), and waste treatment activities (2%). The NASA-CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover (including those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS) was used to estimate net ecosystem fluxes and vegetation biomass production over the period 1990–2004. California''s annual NPP for all ecosystems in the early 2000s (estimated by CASA at 120 MMTCE per year) was roughly equivalent to its annual fossil fuel emission rates for carbon. However, since natural ecosystems can accumulate only a small fraction of this annual NPP total in long-term storage pools, the net ecosystem sink flux for atmospheric carbon across the state was estimated at a maximum rate of about 24 MMTCE per year under favorable precipitation conditions. Under less favorable precipitation conditions, such as those experienced during the early 1990s, ecosystems statewide were estimated to have lost nearly 15 MMTCE per year to the atmosphere. Considering the large amounts of carbon estimated by CASA to be stored in forests, shrublands, and rangelands across the state, the importance of protection of the natural NPP capacity of California ecosystems cannot be overemphasized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Policy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fossil fuels
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Biomass production
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - California
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Ecosystems
N1  - Accession Number: 52210759; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Aug2010, Vol. 13 Issue 5, p373; Thesaurus Term: Fossil fuels; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Biomass production; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.envsci.2010.04.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David H.
AU  - Jamison, Julian
AU  - Newth, David
AU  - Harre, Michael
T1  - Strategic Choice of Preferences: The Persona Model.
JO  - Working Paper Series (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston)
JF  - Working Paper Series (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston)
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 10
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 60
AB  - We introduce a modification to the two-timescale games studied in the evolution of preferences (EOP) literature. In this modification, the strategic process occurring on the long timescale is learning by an individual across his or her lifetime, not natural selection operating on genomes over multiple generations. This change to the longer timescale removes many of the formal difficulties of EOP models and allows us to show how two-timescale games can provide endogenous explanations for why humans sometimes adopt interdependent preferences and sometimes exhibit logit quantal response functions. In particular, we show that our modification to EOP explains experimental data in the Traveler's Dilemma. We also use our modification to show how cooperation can arise in nonrepeated versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD). We then show that our modification to EOP predicts a "crowding out" phenomenon in the PD, in which introducing incentives to cooperate causes players to stop cooperating instead. We also use our modification to predict a tradeoff between the robustness and the benefit of cooperation in the PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Working Paper Series (Federal Reserve Bank of Boston) is the property of Federal Reserve Bank of Boston and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAME theory
KW  - UTILITY functions
KW  - PRISONER'S dilemma game
KW  - LEARNING
KW  - EMOTIONS (Psychology)
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - emotions
KW  - nonrationality
KW  - Prisoner's Dilemma
KW  - Schelling
KW  - single-shot games
KW  - Traveler's Dilemma
N1  - Accession Number: 55231949; Wolpert, David H. 1; Email Address: david.h.wolpert@nasa.gov; Jamison, Julian 2; Email Address: julian.jamison@bos.frb.org; Newth, David 3; Email Address: david.newth@csiro.au; Harre, Michael 4; Email Address: mike@centreforthemind.com; Affiliations: 1: Senior computer scientist, NASA Ames Research Center and a consulting professor in the aeronautics and astronautics department of Stanford University; 2: Senior economist, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston's Center for Behavioral Economics; 3: Research scientist, CSIRO Centre for Complex Systems Science; 4: Post-doctoral fellow, Centre for the Mind, University of Sydney; Issue Info: Aug2010, Vol. 10 Issue 10, p1; Thesaurus Term: GAME theory; Thesaurus Term: UTILITY functions; Subject Term: PRISONER'S dilemma game; Subject Term: LEARNING; Subject Term: EMOTIONS (Psychology); Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: emotions; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonrationality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prisoner's Dilemma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Schelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-shot games; Author-Supplied Keyword: Traveler's Dilemma; Number of Pages: 60p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Friedl, Mark A.
AU  - Tan, Bin
AU  - Zhang, Xiaoyang
AU  - Verma, Manish
T1  - Land surface phenology from MODIS: Characterization of the Collection 5 global land cover dynamics product
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2010/08/16/
VL  - 114
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1805
EP  - 1816
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Information related to land surface phenology is important for a variety of applications. For example, phenology is widely used as a diagnostic of ecosystem response to global change. In addition, phenology influences seasonal scale fluxes of water, energy, and carbon between the land surface and atmosphere. Increasingly, the importance of phenology for studies of habitat and biodiversity is also being recognized. While many data sets related to plant phenology have been collected at specific sites or in networks focused on individual plants or plant species, remote sensing provides the only way to observe and monitor phenology over large scales and at regular intervals. The MODIS Global Land Cover Dynamics Product was developed to support investigations that require regional to global scale information related to spatio-temporal dynamics in land surface phenology. Here we describe the Collection 5 version of this product, which represents a substantial refinement relative to the Collection 4 product. This new version provides information related to land surface phenology at higher spatial resolution than Collection 4 (500-m vs. 1-km), and is based on 8-day instead of 16-day input data. The paper presents a brief overview of the algorithm, followed by an assessment of the product. To this end, we present (1) a comparison of results from Collection 5 versus Collection 4 for selected MODIS tiles that span a range of climate and ecological conditions, (2) a characterization of interannual variation in Collections 4 and 5 data for North America from 2001 to 2006, and (3) a comparison of Collection 5 results against ground observations for two forest sites in the northeastern United States. Results show that the Collection 5 product is qualitatively similar to Collection 4. However, Collection 5 has fewer missing values outside of regions with persistent cloud cover and atmospheric aerosols. Interannual variability in Collection 5 is consistent with expected ranges of variance suggesting that the algorithm is reliable and robust, except in the tropics where some systematic differences are observed. Finally, comparisons with ground data suggest that the algorithm is performing well, but that end of season metrics associated with vegetation senescence and dormancy have higher uncertainties than start of season metrics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Plant species
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Information processing
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Land cover dynamics
KW  - MODIS Collection 5
KW  - MODIS phenology
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 51294893; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com; Friedl, Mark A. 2; Tan, Bin 3; Zhang, Xiaoyang 4; Verma, Manish 2; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Geography & Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; 3: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 4: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., 10810 Guilford Road, Suite 105, Annapolis Junction, MD 20701, USA; Issue Info: Aug2010, Vol. 114 Issue 8, p1805; Thesaurus Term: Phenology; Thesaurus Term: Biodiversity; Thesaurus Term: Habitat (Ecology); Thesaurus Term: Plant species; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Information processing; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Land cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land cover dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS Collection 5; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation dynamics; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2010.04.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=51294893&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watters, Thomas R.
AU  - Robinson, Mark S.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Banks, Maria E.
AU  - Bell III, James F.
AU  - Pritchard, Matthew E.
AU  - Hiesinger, Harald
AU  - van der Bogert, Carolyn H.
AU  - Thomas, Peter C.
AU  - Turtle, Elizabeth P.
AU  - Williams, Nathan R.
T1  - Evidence of Recent Thrust Faulting on the Moon Revealed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/08/20/
VL  - 329
IS  - 5994
M3  - Article
SP  - 936
EP  - 940
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images reveal previously undetected lobate thrust-fault scarps and associated meter-scale secondary tectonic landforms that include narrow extensional troughs or graben, splay faults, and multiple low-relief terraces. Lobate scarps are among the youngest landforms on the Moon, based on their generally crisp appearance, lack of superposed large-diameter impact craters, and the existence of crosscut small-diameter impact craters. Identification of previously known scarps was limited to high-resolution Apollo Panoramic Camera images confined to the equatorial zone. Fourteen lobate scarps were identified, seven of which are at latitudes greater than ±60°, indicating that the thrust faults are globally distributed. This detection, coupled with the very young apparent age of the faults, suggests global late-stage contraction of the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Lunar geology
KW  - Lunar craters
KW  - Slopes (Physical geography)
KW  - Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite)
KW  - Lunar exploration
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 53448522; Watters, Thomas R. 1; Email Address: watterst@si.edu; Robinson, Mark S. 2; Beyer, Ross A. 3,4; Banks, Maria E. 1; Bell III, James F. 5; Pritchard, Matthew E. 6; Hiesinger, Harald 7,8; van der Bogert, Carolyn H. 7; Thomas, Peter C. 9; Turtle, Elizabeth P. 10; Williams, Nathan R. 6; Affiliations: 1: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA; 2: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85251, USA; 3: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; 5: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 6: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 7: Institut fur Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany; 8: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 9: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 10: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Issue Info: 8/20/2010, Vol. 329 Issue 5994, p936; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Geomorphology; Subject Term: Lunar geology; Subject Term: Lunar craters; Subject Term: Slopes (Physical geography); Subject Term: Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite); Subject Term: Lunar exploration; Subject Term: Moon; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1189590
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fromm, Michael
AU  - Lindsey, Daniel T.
AU  - Servranckx, Ren
AU  - Yue, Glenn
AU  - Trickl, Thomas
AU  - Sica, Robert
AU  - Doucet, Paul
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
T1  - The Untold Story of Pyrocumulonimbus.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 91
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1193
EP  - 1209
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Wildfire is becoming the focus of increasing attention. It is now realized that changes in the occurrence frequency and intensity of wildfires has important significant consequences for a variety of important problems, including atmospheric change and safety in the urban-wildland interface. One important but poorly understood aspect of wildfire behavior-pyrocumulonimbus firestorm dynamics and atmospheric impact-has a curious history of theory and observation. The 'pyroCb' is a fire-started or fire-augmented thunderstorm that in its most extreme manifestation injects huge abundances of smoke and other biomass-burning emissions into the lower stratosphere. The observed hemispheric spread of smoke and other biomass-burning emissions could have important climate consequences. PyroCbs have been spawned naturally and through anthropogenesis, and they are hypothesized as being part of the theoretical 'Nuclear nuclear winter' work. However, direct attribution of the stratospheric aerosols to the pyroCb only occurred in the last decade. Such an extreme injection by thunderstorms was previously judged to be unlikely because the extratopical tropopause is considered to be a strong barrier to convection. Two recurring themes have developed as pyroCb research unfolds. First, some 'mystery layer' events-puzzling stratospheric aerosol-layer observations-and other layers reported as volcanic aerosol, can now be explained in terms of pyroconvection. Second, pyroCb events occur surprisingly frequently, and they are likely a relevant aspect of several historic wildfires. Here we show that pyroCbs offer a plausible alternate explanation for phenomena that were previously assumed to involve volcanic aerosols in 1989-1991. In addition, we survey the Canada/U.S. fire season of 2002 and identify 17 pyroCbs, some of which are associated with newsworthy fires, such as the Hayman, Rodeo/Chediski, and Biscuit Fires. Some of these pyroCbs injected smoke into the lowermost stratosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Aerosol propellants
KW  - Fire ecology
KW  - Wildfires
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Fire
KW  - Rodeo-Chediski Fire, Ariz., 2002
N1  - Accession Number: 59820355; Fromm, Michael 1; Email Address: mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil; Lindsey, Daniel T. 2; Servranckx, Ren 3; Yue, Glenn 4; Trickl, Thomas 5; Sica, Robert 6; Doucet, Paul 6; Godin-Beekmann, Sophie 7; Affiliations: 1: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.; 2: NOAA, Fort Collins, Colorado; 3: Canadian Meteorological Centre, Dorval, Québec, Canada; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; 6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; 7: Laboratoire Atmosphère, Milieux, Observations Spatiale, UPMC-CNRS, Paris, France; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 91 Issue 9, p1193; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Aerosol propellants; Thesaurus Term: Fire ecology; Subject Term: Wildfires; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Fire; Subject Term: Rodeo-Chediski Fire, Ariz., 2002; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010BAMS3004.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Coakley, J. A.
AU  - Ackerman, S. A.
AU  - Charlson, R. J.
AU  - Colarco, P. R.
AU  - Flamant, P.
AU  - Fu, Q.
AU  - Hoff, R. M.
AU  - Kittaka, C.
AU  - Kubar, T. L.
AU  - Le Treut, H.
AU  - McCormick, M. P.
AU  - Mégie, G.
AU  - Poole, L.
AU  - Powell, K.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Wielicki, B. A.
T1  - The CALIPSO Mission: A Global 3D View of Aerosols and Clouds.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 91
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1229
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Aerosols and clouds have important effects on Earth's climate through their effects on the radiation budget and the cycling of water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface. Limitations in our understanding of the global distribution and properties of aerosols and clouds are partly responsible for the current uncertainties in modeling the global climate system and predicting climate change. The CALIPSO satellite was developed as a joint project between NASA and the French space agency CNES to provide needed capabilities to observe aerosols and clouds from space. CALIPSO carries CALIOP, a two-wavelength, polarization-sensitive lidar, along with two passive sensors operating in the visible and thermal infrared spectral regions. CALIOP is the first lidar to provide long-term atmospheric measurements from Earth's orbit. Its profiling and polarization capabilities offer unique measurement capabilities. Launched together with the CloudSat satellite in April 2006 and now flying in formation with the A-train satellite constellation, CALIPSO is now providing information on the distribution and properties of aerosols and clouds, which is fundamental to advancing our understanding and prediction of climate. This paper provides an overview of the CALIPSO mission and instruments, the data produced, and early results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Precipitation (Chemistry)
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 59820360; Winker, D. M. 1; Email Address: david.m.winker@nasa.gov; Pelon, J. 2; Coakley, J. A. 3; Ackerman, S. A. 4; Charlson, R. J. 5; Colarco, P. R. 6; Flamant, P. 7; Fu, Q. 5; Hoff, R. M. 8; Kittaka, C. 9; Kubar, T. L. 10; Le Treut, H. 11; McCormick, M. P. 12; Mégie, G. 2; Poole, L. 9; Powell, K. 1; Trepte, C. 1; Vaughan, M. A. 1; Wielicki, B. A. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS-INSU, IPSL, LATMOS, Paris, France; 3: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; 4: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 7: École Polytechnique, LMD, IPSL, Palaiseau, France; 8: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 9: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 11: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, ENS, École Polytechnique, CNRS-INSU, IPSL, LMD, Paris, France; 12: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 91 Issue 9, p1211; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Precipitation (Chemistry); Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010BAMS3009.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McAllister, Sara
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, Carlos
AU  - Urban, David
AU  - Ruff, Gary
T1  - The combined effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on piloted ignition of a solid combustible
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 157
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1753
EP  - 1759
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: There are a number of situations when fires may occur at low pressures and oxygen concentrations that are different than standard atmospheric conditions, such as in buildings at high elevation, airplanes, and spacecraft. The flammability of materials may be affected by these environmental conditions. Since ignition delay is a measure of material flammability and directly influences whether a fire will occur, experiments were conducted to assess the variation of the ignition delay of PMMA in sub-atmospheric pressures and elevated oxygen concentrations. Three sets of experiments were performed at different pressures and in air, in an atmosphere having 30% oxygen/70% nitrogen by volume, and in a “normoxic” atmosphere (constant oxygen partial pressure). It was observed that as the pressure is reduced, the ignition time decreased, reached a minimum, and then increased until ignition did not occur. Several mechanisms were considered to explain the “U-shaped” dependence of ignition time on pressure, and three regimes were identified each having a different controlling mechanism: the transport regime where the ignition delay is controlled by changes in convection heat losses and critical mass flux for ignition; the chemical kinetic regime where the ignition delay is controlled by gas-phase chemical kinetics; and an overlap region where both the transport and chemistry effects are seen. The results provide further insight about the effect of the environmental conditions on the flammability of materials, and guidance about fire safety in low pressure environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Flammability
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Low pressure (Science)
KW  - Polymethylmethacrylate
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Elevated oxygen
KW  - Hypobaric
KW  - Material flammability
KW  - Piloted ignition
KW  - Reduced pressure
KW  - Solid ignition
N1  - Accession Number: 52207697; McAllister, Sara 1; Email Address: smcallister@fs.fed.us; Fernandez-Pello, Carlos 1; Urban, David 2; Ruff, Gary 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 157 Issue 9, p1753; Thesaurus Term: Oxygen; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Thesaurus Term: Flammability; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Subject Term: Low pressure (Science); Subject Term: Polymethylmethacrylate; Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Elevated oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypobaric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material flammability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piloted ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid ignition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bourke, Mary C.
AU  - Lancaster, Nick
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
AU  - Parteli, Eric J.R.
AU  - Zimbelman, James R.
AU  - Radebaugh, Jani
T1  - Extraterrestrial dunes: An introduction to the special issue on planetary dune systems
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 121
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Abstract: Aeolian dune fields have been described on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan. The plethora of data returned from recent planetary missions has enabled a new era in planetary geomorphic studies. Much of our understanding of planetary dune systems comes from the application of Earth analogs, wind tunnel experiments and modeling studies. Despite the range of atmospheric pressures, composition and gravity, many of the dune forms on extraterrestrial surfaces are similar to those on Earth, although some have notable differences in bedform scale and composition. As an introduction to the special issue on planetary dune systems this paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of planetary dune studies and highlights outstanding questions that require further investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Sand dunes
KW  - Astrogeology
KW  - Eolian processes
KW  - Planets
KW  - Wind tunnels
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Venus (Planet)
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Aeolian
KW  - Dune
KW  - Earth
KW  - Mars
KW  - Titan
KW  - Venus
N1  - Accession Number: 51809981; Bourke, Mary C. 1,2; Email Address: mbourke@psi.edu; Lancaster, Nick 3; Fenton, Lori K. 4; Parteli, Eric J.R. 5; Zimbelman, James R. 6; Radebaugh, Jani 7; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E Ft Lowell, #106, Tucson AZ, USA; 2: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom; 3: Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA; 4: Carl Sagan Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; 6: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, MRC 315, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA; 7: Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 121 Issue 1/2, p1; Thesaurus Term: Geomorphology; Thesaurus Term: Sand dunes; Thesaurus Term: Astrogeology; Thesaurus Term: Eolian processes; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Wind tunnels; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Subject Term: Venus (Planet); Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeolian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dune; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.04.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=51809981&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
AU  - Hayward, Rosalyn K.
T1  - Southern high latitude dune fields on Mars: Morphology, aeolian inactivity, and climate change
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 121
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 121
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Abstract: In a study area spanning the martian surface poleward of 50° S., 1190 dune fields have been identified, mapped, and categorized based on dune field morphology. Dune fields in the study area span ∼ 116400km2, leading to a global dune field coverage estimate of ∼904000km2, far less than that found on Earth. Based on distinct morphological features, the dune fields were grouped into six different classes that vary in interpreted aeolian activity level from potentially active to relatively inactive and eroding. The six dune field classes occur in specific latitude zones, with a sequence of reduced activity and degradation progressing poleward. In particular, the first signs of stabilization appear at ∼60° S., which broadly corresponds to the edge of high concentrations of water-equivalent hydrogen content (observed by the Neutron Spectrometer) that have been interpreted as ground ice. This near-surface ground ice likely acts to reduce sand availability in the present climate state on Mars, stabilizing high latitude dunes and allowing erosional processes to change their morphology. As a result, climatic changes in the content of near-surface ground ice are likely to influence the level of dune activity. Spatial variation of dune field classes with longitude is significant, suggesting that local conditions play a major role in determining dune field activity level. Dune fields on the south polar layered terrain, for example, appear either potentially active or inactive, indicating that at least two generations of dune building have occurred on this surface. Many dune fields show signs of degradation mixed with crisp-brinked dunes, also suggesting that more than one generation of dune building has occurred since they originally formed. Dune fields superposed on early and late Amazonian surfaces provide potential upper age limits of ∼100My on the south polar layered deposits and ∼3Ga elsewhere at high latitudes. No craters are present on any identifiable dune fields, which can provide a lower age limit through crater counting: assuming all relatively stabilized dune fields represent a single noncontiguous surface of uniform age, their estimated crater retention age is <∼10000years. An average-sized uncratered dune field (94km2) has a crater retention age <∼8My. This apparent youth suggests that present-day climate conditions are responsible for the observed degradation and reduced level of aeolian activity. A lack of observed transport pathways and the absence of large dune fields in the largest basins (Hellas and Argyre Planitiae) are consistent with the previously proposed idea that dune sands are not typically transported far from their source regions on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sand dunes
KW  - Eolian processes
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Wind erosion
KW  - Astrogeology
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Geographical positions
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Aeolian
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Dunes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary geomorphology
N1  - Accession Number: 51809988; Fenton, Lori K. 1; Email Address: lfenton@carlsagancenter.org; Hayward, Rosalyn K. 2; Email Address: rhayward@usgs.gov; Affiliations: 1: Carl Sagan Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Astrogeology, U. S. Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 121 Issue 1/2, p98; Thesaurus Term: Sand dunes; Thesaurus Term: Eolian processes; Thesaurus Term: Geomorphology; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Wind erosion; Thesaurus Term: Astrogeology; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Geographical positions; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeolian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dunes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary geomorphology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=51809988&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Mengshoel, Ole J.
AU  - Chavira, Mark
AU  - Cascio, Keith
AU  - Poll, Scott
AU  - Darwiche, Adnan
AU  - Uckun, Serdar
T1  - Probabilistic Model-Based Diagnosis: An Electrical Power System Case Study.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 874
EP  - 885
SN  - 10834427
AB  - We present in this paper a case study of the probabilistic approach to model-based diagnosis. Here, the diagnosed system is a real-world electrical power system (EPS), i.e., the Advanced Diagnostic and Prognostic Testbed (ADAPT) located at the NASA Ames Research Center. Our probabilistic approach is formally well founded and based on Bayesian networks (BNs) and arithmetic circuits (ACs). We pay special attention to meeting two of the main challenges often associated with real-world application of model-based diagnosis technologies: model development and real-time reasoning. To address the challenge of model development, we develop a systematic approach to representing EPSs as BNs, supported by an easy-to-use specification language. To address the real-time reasoning challenge, we compile BNs into ACs. AC evaluation (ACE) supports real-time diagnosis by being predictable, fast, and exact. In experiments with the ADAPT BN, which contains 503 discrete nodes and 579 edges and produces accurate results, the time taken to compute the most probable explanation using ACs has a mean of 0.2625 ms and a standard deviation of 0.2028 ms. In comparative experiments, we found that, while the variable elimination and join tree propagation algorithms also perform very well in the ADAPT setting, ACE was an order of magnitude or more faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - REAL-time computing
KW  - ELECTRIC power systems
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - REASONING (Logic)
KW  - Adaptation model
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - arithmetic circuits (ACs)
KW  - Batteries
KW  - Bayesian networks (BNs)
KW  - domain modeling
KW  - electrical power systems (EPSs)
KW  - Inference algorithms
KW  - Integrated circuit modeling
KW  - knowledge engineering
KW  - model-based diagnosis
KW  - Probabilistic logic
KW  - real-time systems
KW  - Relays
KW  - Sensors
KW  - uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 53047345; Mengshoel, Ole J. 1,2; Email Address: Ole.Mengshoel@sv.cmu.edu; Chavira, Mark 3; Email Address: chavira@cs.ucla.edu; Cascio, Keith 3; Email Address: keith@cs.ucla.edu; Poll, Scott 4; Email Address: Scott.Poll@nasa.gov; Darwiche, Adnan 3; Email Address: darwiche@cs.ucla.edu; Uckun, Serdar 1,5; Email Address: Serdar.Uckun@parc.com; Affiliations: 1: Member, IEEE; 2: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 3: Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles , CA, USA; 4: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Embedded Reasoning Area, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p874; Thesaurus Term: PROBABILITY theory; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Thesaurus Term: REAL-time computing; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: REASONING (Logic); Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: arithmetic circuits (ACs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian networks (BNs); Author-Supplied Keyword: domain modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrical power systems (EPSs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Inference algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated circuit modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: knowledge engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Charts; Document Type: Case Study
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2052037
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=53047345&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Roychoudhury, Indranil
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
AU  - Koutsoukos, Xenofon D.
AU  - Patterson-Hine, Ann
AU  - Poll, Scott
T1  - A Comprehensive Diagnosis Methodology for Complex Hybrid Systems: A Case Study on Spacecraft Power Distribution Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 917
EP  - 931
SN  - 10834427
AB  - The application of model-based diagnosis schemes to real systems introduces many significant challenges, such as building accurate system models for heterogeneous systems with complex behaviors, dealing with noisy measurements and disturbances, and producing valuable results in a timely manner with limited information and computational resources. The Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed (ADAPT), which was deployed at the NASA Ames Research Center, is a representative spacecraft electrical power distribution system that embodies a number of these challenges. ADAPT contains a large number of interconnected components, and a set of circuit breakers and relays that enable a number of distinct power distribution configurations. The system includes electrical dc and ac loads, mechanical subsystems (such as motors), and fluid systems (such as pumps). The system components are susceptible to different types of faults, i.e., unexpected changes in parameter values, discrete faults in switching elements, and sensor faults. This paper presents Hybrid TRANSCEND, which is a comprehensive model-based diagnosis scheme to address these challenges. The scheme uses the hybrid bond graph modeling language to systematically develop computational models and algorithms for hybrid state estimation, robust fault detection, and efficient fault isolation. The computational methods are implemented as a suite of software tools that enable diagnostic analysis and testing through simulation, diagnosability studies, and deployment on the experimental testbed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power distribution
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - HYBRID systems
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - BOND graphs
KW  - Adaptation model
KW  - Circuit faults
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Distributed diagnosis
KW  - electrical power distribution systems
KW  - hybrid bond graphs (HBGs)
KW  - hybrid systems
KW  - Integrated circuit modeling
KW  - Junctions
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - model-based diagnosis
KW  - Switches
N1  - Accession Number: 53047342; Daigle, Matthew J. 1,2; Email Address: matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov; Roychoudhury, Indranil 1,3; Email Address: indranil.roychoudhury@nasa.gov; Biswas, Gautam 4,5; Email Address: gautam.biswas@vanderbilt.edu; Koutsoukos, Xenofon D. 4,6; Email Address: xenofon.koutsoukos@vanderbilt.edu; Patterson-Hine, Ann 4,7; Email Address: ann.patterson-hine@nasa.gov; Poll, Scott 7; Email Address: scott.poll@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Member, IEEE; 2: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; 3: SGT, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: Senior Member, IEEE; 5: Institute for Software Integrated Systems and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; 6: Institute for Software Integrated Systems and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p917; Thesaurus Term: ELECTRIC power distribution; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: HYBRID systems; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Subject Term: BOND graphs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circuit faults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrical power distribution systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid bond graphs (HBGs); Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated circuit modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Junctions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Switches; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Case Study
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2052038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=53047342&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kurien, James
AU  - R.-Moreno, María D.
T1  - Intrinsic Hurdles in Applying Automated Diagnosis and Recovery to Spacecraft.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 945
EP  - 958
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Experience developing and deploying model-based diagnosis (MBD) and recovery and other model-based technologies on a variety of testbeds and flight experiments led us to explore why our expectations about the impact of MBD on spacecraft operations have not been matched by effective benefits in the field. By MBD, we mean the problem of observing a mechanical, software, or other system and determining what failures its internal components have suffered using a generic inference algorithm and a model of the system's components and interconnections. These techniques are very attractive, suggesting a vision of machines that repair themselves, reduced costs for all kinds of endeavors, spacecraft that continue their missions even when failing, and so on. This promise inspired a broad range of activities, including our involvement over several years in flying the Livingstone and L2 onboard MBD and recovery systems as experiments on Deep Space 1 and Earth Observer 1 spacecraft. Yet, in the end, no spacecraft project adopted the technology in operations nor flew additional flight experiments. To our knowledge, no spacecraft project has adopted any other MBD technology in operations. In this paper, we present a cost/benefit analysis for MBD using expectations and experiences with Livingstone as an example. We provide an overview of common techniques for making spacecraft robust, citing fault protection schemes from recent missions. We lay out the cost, benefit, and risk advantages associated with onboard MBD and use the examples to probe each expected advantage in turn. We suggest a method for evaluating a mission that has already been flown and providing a rough estimate of the maximum value that a perfect onboard diagnosis and recovery system would have provided. By unpacking the events that must occur in order to provide value, we also identify the factors needed to compute the expected value that would be provided by a real diagnosis and recovery system. We then discuss the expected value we would estimate that such a system would have had for the Mars Exploration Rover mission. This has allowed us to identify the specific assumptions that made our expectations for MBD in this domain incorrect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - INFERENCE (Logic)
KW  - Benefits
KW  - cost
KW  - Engines
KW  - expected value
KW  - fault protection (FP)
KW  - Hardware
KW  - model-based diagnosis (MBD)
KW  - Propulsion
KW  - Software
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - spacecraft
KW  - Switches
KW  - Valves
N1  - Accession Number: 53047344; Kurien, James 1; Email Address: James.A.Kurien@nasa.gov; R.-Moreno, María D. 2; Email Address: mdolores@aut.uah.es; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field , CA, USA; 2: Departamento de Automática, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Issue Info: Sep2010, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p945; Thesaurus Term: COST effectiveness; Thesaurus Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: INFERENCE (Logic); Author-Supplied Keyword: Benefits; Author-Supplied Keyword: cost; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: expected value; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault protection (FP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hardware; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based diagnosis (MBD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Switches; Author-Supplied Keyword: Valves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2052035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=53047344&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palopo, Kee
AU  - Windhorst, Robert D.
AU  - Suharwardy, Salman
AU  - Hak-Tae Lee
T1  - Wind-Optimal Routing in the National Airspace System.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1584
EP  - 1592
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A study analyzing the economic cost and benefit impacts of different flight routing methods in the National Airspace System is presented. It compares wind-optimal routes and filed flight routes for 365 days of traffic, from 2005 to 2007, in class A airspace. Routing differences are measured by flight time, fuel burn, sector loading, conflict counts, and airport arrival rates. From the results, wind-optimal routes exhibit an average per-flight time saving of 2.7 min and an average fuel saving of 210 lb, compared to filed flight routes. In addition, the airport arrival rates at the top 73 U.S. domestic airports do not show notable differences between wind-optimal routing and filed flight routing. The study shows an average of 29% fewer conflicts. Finally, wind-optimal routes have, at most, one high-altitude sector with increased sector workload than filed flight routes at any time instance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - AIR traffic capacity
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRSPACE (Law)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel consumption
KW  - AIRLINE industry -- Timetables
N1  - Accession Number: 55793246; Source Information: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p1584; Subject Term: AIRWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: AIR traffic capacity; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRSPACE (Law); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel consumption; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry -- Timetables; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 12 Graphs, 1 Map; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C000208
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=55793246&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of 3 days unloading on molecular regulators of muscle size in humans.
AU  - Gustafsson, T.
AU  - Osterlund, T.
AU  - Flanagan, J. N.
AU  - Von Walden, F.
AU  - Trappe, T. A.
AU  - Linnehan, R. M.
AU  - Tesch, P. A.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 109
IS  - 3
SP  - 721
EP  - 727
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 54997387; Author: Gustafsson, T.: 1 Author: Osterlund, T.: 1 Author: Flanagan, J. N.: 2 Author: Von Walden, F.: 3 Author: Trappe, T. A.: 4 Author: Linnehan, R. M.: 5 Author: Tesch, P. A.: 3,6 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Physiology, Karolinska lnstitutet, Karolinska University Hospital: 2 Andrology and Molecular Endocrinology Units, Department of Medicine, Karolinska lnstitutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden: 3 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden: 4 Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana: 5 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas: 6 Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Ostersund, Sweden; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20101106
N2  - Changes in skeletal muscle mass are controlled by mechanisms that dictate protein synthesis or degradation. The current human study explored whether changes in activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (P13K)-Akt1, p38, myostatin, and mRNA expression of marker of protein degradation and synthesis occur soon after withdrawal of weight bearing. Biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle (VL) and soleus muscle (Sol) were obtained from eight healthy men before and following 3 days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS). Akt1 Forkhead box class O (FOXO)-1A, FOXO-3A, p38, and eukaryoti translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation and protein levels and myostatin protein level were analyzed by Western blot. Levels of mRNA of IGF1, FOXO-1A, FOXO-3 atrogin-1, MuRF-1, caspase-3, calpain-2, calpain-3, 4E-BP1, and myostatin were measured using real-time PCR. The amounts of phosphorylated Akt1, FOXO-1A, FOXO-3A, and p38 were unaltered (P > 0.05) after ULLS. Similarly, mRNA levels of IGF1, FOXO FOXO-3A, caspase-3, calpain-2, and calpain-3 showed no changes (P > 0.05). The mRNA levels of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1, as well as th mRNA and protein phosphorylation of 4E-BP1, increased (P < 0.05) in VL but not in Sol. Both muscles showed increased (P < 0.05) myostatin mRNA and protein following ULLS. These results suggest that pathways other than P13K-Akt stimulate atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression within 3 days of ULLS. Alternatively, transient changes in these pathways occurred in the early phase of ULLS. The increased myostatin mRNA and protein expression also indicate that multiple processes are involved in the early phase of muscle wasting. Further, the reported difference in gene expression pattern across muscles suggests that mechanisms regulating protein content in human skeletal muscle are influenced by phenotype and/or function. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *MESSENGER RNA
KW  - *MUSCLES
KW  - ATROPHY
KW  - UBIQUITIN
KW  - PROTEIN synthesis
KW  - CARRIER proteins
KW  - atrophy
KW  - proteasome degradation
KW  - simulated spaceflight
KW  - ubiquitin
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Ke
AU  - Kimball, John S.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Running, Steven W.
T1  - A continuous satellite-derived global record of land surface evapotranspiration from 1983 to 2006.
JO  - Water Resources Research
JF  - Water Resources Research
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - n/a
EP  - n/a
SN  - 00431397
AB  - We applied a satellite remote sensing-based evapotranspiration (ET) algorithm to assess global terrestrial ET from 1983 to 2006. The algorithm quantifies canopy transpiration and soil evaporation using a modified Penman-Monteith approach with biome-specific canopy conductance determined from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and quantifies open water evaporation using a Priestley-Taylor approach. These algorithms were applied globally using advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) GIMMS NDVI, NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis (NNR) daily surface meteorology, and NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget Release−3.0 solar radiation inputs. We used observations from 34 FLUXNET tower sites to parameterize an NDVI-based canopy conductance model and then validated the global ET algorithm using measurements from 48 additional, independent flux towers. Two sets of monthly ET estimates at the tower level, driven by in situ meteorological measurements and meteorology interpolated from coarse resolution NNR meteorology reanalysis, agree favorably (root mean square error (RMSE) = 13.0-15.3 mm month−1; R2 = 0.80-0.84) with observed tower fluxes from globally representative land cover types. The global ET results capture observed spatial and temporal variations at the global scale and also compare favorably (RMSE = 186.3 mm yr−1; R2 = 0.80) with ET inferred from basin-scale water balance calculations for 261 basins covering 61% of the global vegetated area. The results of this study provide a relatively long term global ET record with well-quantified accuracy for assessing ET climatologies, terrestrial water, and energy budgets and long-term water cycle changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Water Resources Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Eddy flux
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - AVHRR GIMMS
KW  - canopy conductance
KW  - Earth system data record
KW  - evapotranspiration
KW  - latent heat
KW  - satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 87147017; Zhang, Ke 1,2; Kimball, John S. 1,2; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3; Running, Steven W. 2; Affiliations: 1: Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; 2: Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana; 3: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: 2010, Vol. 46 Issue 9, pn/a; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Evapotranspiration; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Eddy flux; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVHRR GIMMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: canopy conductance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth system data record; Author-Supplied Keyword: evapotranspiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: latent heat; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1029/2009WR008800
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glotch, Timothy D.
AU  - Lucey, Paul G.
AU  - Bandfield, Joshua L.
AU  - Greenhagen, Benjamin T.
AU  - Thomas, Ian R.
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Bowles, Neil
AU  - Wyatt, Michael B.
AU  - Allen, Carlton C.
AU  - Hanna, Kerri Donaldson
AU  - Paige, David A.
T1  - Highly Silicic Compositions on the Moon.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/09/17/
VL  - 329
IS  - 5998
M3  - Article
SP  - 1510
EP  - 1513
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Using data from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment, we show that four regions of the Moon previously described as "red spots" exhibit mid-infrared spectra best explained by quartz, silica-rich glass, or alkali feldspar. These lithologies are consistent with evolved rocks similar to lunar granites in the Apollo samples. The spectral character of these spots is distinct from surrounding mare and highlands material and from regions composed of pure plagioclase feldspar. The variety of landforms associated with the silicic spectral character suggests that both extrusive and intrusive silicic magmatism occurred on the Moon. Basaltic underplating is the preferred mechanism for silicic magma generation, leading to the formation of extrusive landforms. This mechanism or silicate liquid immiscibility could lead to the formation of intrusive bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Research
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Lunar petrology
KW  - Silicates
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - Landforms
KW  - Lunar geology
N1  - Accession Number: 54056071; Glotch, Timothy D. 1; Email Address: tglotch@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; Lucey, Paul G. 2; Bandfield, Joshua L. 3; Greenhagen, Benjamin T. 4; Thomas, Ian R. 5; Elphic, Richard C. 6; Bowles, Neil 5; Wyatt, Michael B. 7; Allen, Carlton C. 8; Hanna, Kerri Donaldson 6; Paige, David A. 9; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; 2: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, HI, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA; 5: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 7: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rl, USA; 8: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 9: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Issue Info: 9/17/2010, Vol. 329 Issue 5998, p1510; Thesaurus Term: Research; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Lunar petrology; Subject Term: Silicates; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: Landforms; Subject Term: Lunar geology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1192148
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - He, Chunmei
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
T1  - Geotechnical Properties of NT-LHT-2M Lunar Highland Simulant.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2010/10//
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 218
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Future lunar explorations require a thorough understanding of the geotechnical properties of lunar soils. However, the small amount of lunar soil that was brought back to earth cannot satisfy the needs. A new lunar soil simulant, NU-LHT-2M, has been developed to simulate lunar regolith in the lunar highlands region. It is characterized to help the development of regolith-moving machines and vehicles that will be used in future missions to the moon. The simulant's particle size distribution, specific gravity, maximum and minimum densities, compaction characteristics, shear strength parameters and compressibility have been studied; and the results are compared with the information about lunar regolith provided in the Lunar Sourcebook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 53711925; Source Information: Oct2010, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p213; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 5 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=53711925&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kennedy, Aaron D.
AU  - Xiquan Dong
AU  - Baike Xi
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Del Genio, Anthony D.
AU  - Wolf, Audrey B.
AU  - Khaiyer, Mandana M.
T1  - Evaluation of the NASA GISS Single-Column Model Simulated Clouds Using Combined Surface and Satellite Observations.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 23
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5175
EP  - 5192
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Three years of surface and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) data from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site are used to evaluate the NASA GISS Single Column Model (SCM) simulated clouds from January 1999 to December 2001. The GOES-derived total cloud fractions for both 0.5° and 2.5° grid boxes are in excellent agreement with surface observations, suggesting that ARM point observations can represent large areal observations. Low (<2 km), middle (2-6 km), and high (>6 km) levels of cloud fractions, however, have negative biases as compared to the ARM results due to multilayer cloud scenes that can either mask lower cloud layers or cause misidentifications of cloud tops. Compared to the ARM observations, the SCM simulated most midlevel clouds, overestimated low clouds (4%), and underestimated total and high clouds by 7% and 15%, respectively. To examine the dependence of the modeled high and low clouds on the large-scale synoptic patterns, variables such as relative humidity (RH) and vertical pressure velocity (omega) from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data are included. The successfully modeled and missed high clouds are primarily associated with a trough and ridge upstream of the ARM SGP, respectively. The PDFs of observed high and low occurrence as a function of RH reveal that high clouds have a Gaussian-like distribution with mode RH values of ∼40%-50%, whereas low clouds have a gammalike distribution with the highest cloud probability occurring at RH ∼75%-85%. The PDFs of modeled low clouds are similar to those observed; however, for high clouds the PDFs are shifted toward higher values of RH. This results in a negative bias for the modeled high clouds because many of the observed clouds occur at RH values below the SCM-specified stratiform parameterization threshold RH of 60%. Despite many similarities between PDFs derived from the NARR and ARM forcing datasets for RH and omega, differences do exist. This warrants further investigation of the forcing and reanalysis datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Cloud forecasting
KW  - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)
KW  - Gaussian distribution
KW  - Cloud cover
KW  - Cloud resolving models
KW  - Forcing
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Single column models
N1  - Accession Number: 54375373; Kennedy, Aaron D. 1; Email Address: aaron.kennedy@und.edu; Xiquan Dong 1; Baike Xi 1; Minnis, Patrick 2; Del Genio, Anthony D. 3; Wolf, Audrey B. 4; Khaiyer, Mandana M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies, New York, New York; 4: Columbia University, New York, New York; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Oct2010, Vol. 23 Issue 19, p5175; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Subject Term: Cloud forecasting; Subject Term: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES); Subject Term: Gaussian distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud resolving models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single column models; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3353.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Wenying Su
T1  - Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Uncertainty Based on a Radiative Perturbation Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 23
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5288
EP  - 5293
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - To provide a lower bound for the uncertainty in measurement-based clear- and all-sky direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF), a radiative perturbation analysis is performed for the ideal case in which the perturbations in global mean aerosol properties are given by published values of systematic uncertainty in Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol measurements. DARF calculations for base-state climatological cloud and aerosol properties over ocean and land are performed, and then repeated after perturbing individual aerosol optical properties (aerosol optical depth, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, scale height, and anthropogenic fraction) from their base values, keeping all other parameters fixed. The total DARF uncertainty from all aerosol parameters combined is 0.5-1.0 W m−2, a factor of 2-4 greater than the value cited in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC's) Fourth Assessment Report. Most of the total DARF uncertainty in this analysis is associated with single-scattering albedo uncertainty. Owing to the greater sensitivity to single-scattering albedo in cloudy columns, DARF uncertainty in all-sky conditions is greater than in clear-sky conditions, even though the global mean clear-sky DARF is more than twice as large as the all-sky DARF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ecological disturbances
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Radiation budgets
KW  - Surface observations
N1  - Accession Number: 54375363; Loeb, Norman G. 1; Email Address: norman.g.loeb@nasa.gov; Wenying Su 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Oct2010, Vol. 23 Issue 19, p5288; Thesaurus Term: Ecological disturbances; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budgets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface observations; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3543.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PARKER, PETER A.
AU  - WILSON, SARA R.
AU  - VINING, G. GEOFFREY
AU  - SZARKA III, JOHN L.
AU  - JOHNSON, NELS G.
T1  - The Prediction Properties of Classical and Inverse Regression for the Simple Linear Calibration Problem.
JO  - Journal of Quality Technology
JF  - Journal of Quality Technology
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 332
EP  - 347
SN  - 00224065
AB  - The calibration of measurement systems is a fundamental but understudied problem within industrial statistics. In the classical context of this problem, standards produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) are used in chemical, mechanical, electrical, and materials-engineering analyses. Often, applications cast into this calibration framework do not provide "gold standards" such as the standards provided by NIST. This paper considers the classical calibration approach, in which the experiment treats the standards as the regressor and the observed values as the response to calibrate the instrument. The analyst then must invert the resulting regression model in order to use the instrument to make actual measurements in practice. This paper compares this classical approach to inverse regression, which treats the standards as the response and the observed measurements as the regressor in the calibration experiment. Such an approach is intuitively appealing because it is simple and easily implemented in most software. However, it violates some of the basic regression assumptions. In this paper, we study the properties of classical and inverse regression applied to calibration problems, compare their performance, and provide guidance to practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quality Technology is the property of American Society for Quality, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
KW  - Calibration Intervals
KW  - Mathematical Modeling
KW  - Measurement-Uncertainty Analysis
KW  - Response-Surface Methodology
N1  - Accession Number: 54561712; PARKER, PETER A. 1; Email Address: peter.a.parker@nasa.gov; WILSON, SARA R. 1; Email Address: sara.r.wilson@nasa.gov; VINING, G. GEOFFREY 2; Email Address: vining@vt.edu; SZARKA III, JOHN L. 3; Email Address: szarka@vt.edu; JOHNSON, NELS G. 3; Email Address: nels@vt.edu; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 2: Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061; 3: Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0439; Issue Info: Oct2010, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p332; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration Intervals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement-Uncertainty Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response-Surface Methodology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schiller, Noah H.
AU  - Cabell, Randolph H.
AU  - Fuller, Chris R.
T1  - Decentralized control of sound radiation using iterative loop recovery.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 128
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1729
EP  - 1737
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A decentralized model-based control strategy is designed to reduce low-frequency sound radiation from periodically stiffened panels. While decentralized control systems tend to be scalable, performance can be limited due to modeling error introduced by the unmodeled interaction between neighboring control units. Since bounds on modeling error are not known in advance, it is difficult to ensure the decentralized control system will be robust without making the controller overly conservative. Therefore an iterative approach is suggested, which utilizes frequency-shaped loop recovery. The approach accounts for modeling error introduced by neighboring control loops, requires no communication between subsystems, and is relatively simple. The control strategy is evaluated numerically using a model of a stiffened aluminum panel that is representative of the sidewall of an aircraft. Simulations demonstrate that the iterative approach can achieve significant reductions in radiated sound power from the stiffened panel without destabilizing neighboring control units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - AUDIO frequency
KW  - SOUND
KW  - STRUCTURAL control (Engineering)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 54471701; Schiller, Noah H. 1; Email Address: noah.h.schiller@nasa.gov; Cabell, Randolph H. 1; Fuller, Chris R. 2; Affiliations: 1 : Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 2 : Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 131 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061;  Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 128 Issue 4, p1729; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: AUDIO frequency; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL control (Engineering); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.3479541
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Kurtoglu, Tolga1, tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov
AU  - Tumer, Irem Y.2, irem.tumer@oregonstate.edu
AU  - Jensen, David C.2, jensend@onid.orst.edu
T1  - A functional failure reasoning methodology for evaluation of conceptual system architectures.
JO  - Research in Engineering Design
JF  - Research in Engineering Design
J1  - Research in Engineering Design
PY  - 2010/10//
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
CP  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 234
SN  - 09349839
AB  - In this paper, we introduce a new methodology for reasoning about the functional failures during early design of complex systems. The proposed approach is based on the notion that a failure happens when a functional element in the system does not perform its intended task. Accordingly, a functional criticality is defined depending on the role of functionality in accomplishing designed tasks. A simulation-based failure analysis tool is then used to analyze functional failures and reason about their impact on overall system functionality. The analysis results are then integrated into an early stage system architecture analysis framework that analyzes the impact of functional failures and their propagation to guide system-level architectural design decisions. With this method, a multitude of failure scenarios can be quickly analyzed to determine the effects of architectural design decisions on overall system functionality. Using this framework, design teams can systematically explore risks and vulnerabilities during the early (functional design) stage of system development prior to the selection of specific components. Application of the presented method to the design of a representative aerospace electrical power system (EPS) testbed demonstrates these capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - Engineering design
KW  - Architectural design
KW  - Methodology
KW  - Structural failures
KW  - Complexity (Philosophy)
KW  - Behavioral simulation
KW  - Conceptual design
KW  - Failure-informed trade-off analysis
KW  - Functional failure reasoning
KW  - Model-based reasoning
KW  - System architecture design
N1  - Accession Number: 53913513; Authors: Kurtoglu, Tolga 1 Email Address: tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov; Tumer, Irem Y. 2 Email Address: irem.tumer@oregonstate.edu; Jensen, David C. 2 Email Address: jensend@onid.orst.edu; Affiliations:  1: Mission Critical Technologies, Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA;  2: Complex Engineering Systems Design Lab, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Subject: Methodology; Subject: Structural failures; Subject: Engineering design; Subject: Complexity (Philosophy); Subject: Architectural design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavioral simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conceptual design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure-informed trade-off analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional failure reasoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-based reasoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: System architecture design; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 14 Diagrams, 7 Charts; Record Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00163-010-0086-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Walkowicz, Lucianne M.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Sasselov, Dimitar D.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Koch, David G.
T1  - Kepler-9: A System of Multiple Planets Transiting a Sun-Like Star, Confirmed by Timing Variations.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10//10/1/2010
VL  - 330
IS  - 6000
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 54
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth-size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Astronomical research
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Planetary orbits
KW  - Gravitational fields
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 54424353; Holman, Matthew J. 1; Email Address: mholman@cfa.harvard.edu; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 1; Ragozzine, Darin 1; Ford, Eric B. 2; Steffen, Jason H. 3; Welsh, William F. 4; Lissauer, Jack J. 5,6; Latham, David W. 1; Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7; Walkowicz, Lucianne M. 7; Batalha, Natalie M. 8; Jenkins, Jon M. 5,9; Rowe, Jason F. 5; Cochran, William D. 10; Fressin, Francois 1; Torres, Guillermo 1; Buchhave, Lars A. 1,11; Sasselov, Dimitar D. 1; Borucki, William J. 5; Koch, David G. 5; Affiliations: 1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 2: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; 3: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, Batavia, IL 60510, USA; 4: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 7: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 8: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; 9: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 10: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 11: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Issue Info: 10/1/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6000, p51; Subject Term: Astronomical research; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Subject Term: Gravitational fields; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1195778
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nishimura, Y.
AU  - Bortnik, J.
AU  - Li, W.
AU  - Thorne, R. M.
AU  - Lyons, L. R.
AU  - Angelopoulos, V.
AU  - Mende, S. B.
AU  - Bonnell, J. W.
AU  - Le Contel, O.
AU  - Cully, C.
AU  - Ergun, R.
AU  - Auster, U.
T1  - Identifying the Driver of Pulsating Aurora.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10//10/1/2010
VL  - 330
IS  - 6000
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 84
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Pulsating aurora, a spectacular emission that appears as blinking of the upper atmosphere in the polar regions, is known to be excited by modulated, downward-streaming electrons. Despite its distinctive feature, identifying the driver of the electron precipitation has been a long-standing problem. Using coordinated satellite and ground-based all-sky imager observations from the THEMIS mission, we provide direct evidence that a naturally occurring electromagnetic wave, lower-band chorus, can drive pulsating aurora. Because the waves at a given equatorial location in space correlate with a single pulsating auroral patch in the upper atmosphere, our findings can also be used to constrain magnetic field models with much higher accuracy than has previously been possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Auroras
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Auroral electrons
KW  - Electrons
KW  - Electromagnetic waves
KW  - Magnetic fields
N1  - Accession Number: 54424361; Nishimura, Y. 1,2; Email Address: toshi@atmos.ucla.edu; Bortnik, J. 1; Li, W. 1; Thorne, R. M. 1; Lyons, L. R. 1; Angelopoulos, V. 3,4,5; Mende, S. B. 4; Bonnell, J. W. 4; Le Contel, O. 6; Cully, C. 7; Ergun, R. 8; Auster, U. 9; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 2: Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; 3: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 4: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 6: Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC/Paris-Sud 11, F-94107 St Maur-des-Fossé's, France; 7: Swedish Institute of Space Physics, SE-98128 Uppsala, Sweden; 8: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303-7814, USA; 9: Institut fur Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik, Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany; Issue Info: 10/1/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6000, p81; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Auroras; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Auroral electrons; Subject Term: Electrons; Subject Term: Electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: Magnetic fields; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1193186
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lopes, C. G.
AU  - Satorius, E. H.
AU  - Estabrook, P.
AU  - Sayed, A. H.
T1  - Adaptive Carrier Tracking for Mars to Earth Communications During Entry, Descent, and Landing.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2010/10/02/
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1865
EP  - 1879
SN  - 00189251
AB  - We propose a robust and low complexity scheme to estimate and track carrier frequency from signals traveling under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions in highly nonstationary channels. These scenarios arise in planetary exploration missions subject to high dynamics, such as the Mars exploration rover missions. The method comprises a bank of adaptive linear predictors (ALP) supervised by a convex combiner that dynamically aggregates the individual predictors. The adaptive combination is able to outperform the best individual estimator in the set, which leads to a universal scheme for frequency estimation and tracking. A simple technique for bias compensation considerably improves the ALP performance. It is also shown that retrieval of frequency content by an fast Fourier transform (FFT)-search method, instead of only inspecting the angle of a particular root of the error predictor filter, enhances performance, particularly at very low SNR levels. Simple techniques that enforce frequency continuity improve further the overall performance. In summary we illustrate by extensive simulations that adaptive linear prediction methods render a robust and competitive frequency tracking technique. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Frequency estimation
KW  - Frequency shift keying
KW  - Mars
KW  - Robustness
KW  - Signal to noise ratio
KW  - Target tracking
N1  - Accession Number: 57254496; Lopes, C. G. 1; Satorius, E. H. 2; Estabrook, P. 2; Sayed, A. H. 1; Affiliations: 1: UCLA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: 10/02/2010, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p1865; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency shift keying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robustness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal to noise ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Target tracking; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAES.2010.5595600
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Lugo, Ramon "Ray"
AU  - Maas, Gordon L.
AU  - Welo, Georgine
T1  - LETTERS.
JO  - Crain's Cleveland Business
JF  - Crain's Cleveland Business
J1  - Crain's Cleveland Business
PY  - 2010/10/11/
Y1  - 2010/10/11/
VL  - 31
IS  - 40
M3  - Letter
SP  - 8
PB  - Crain Communications Inc. (MI)
SN  - 01972375
AB  - Several letters to the editor are presented including, one on the impact of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Authorization Act of 2010 on the NASA Glenn Research Center in Ohio, one on the awards won by Ruffing Montessori School in Ohio at the 2010 Emerald Awards Recognition Event, and one on the selection of South Euclid, Ohio, as a finalist for the Crain's 2010 Emerald Awards.
KW  - LETTERS to the editorUNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space AdministrationMONTESSORI schoolsAWARDS
KW  - SOUTH Euclid (Ohio)OHIO
N1  - Accession Number: 55084780; Issue Information: ; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: MONTESSORI schools; Subject Term: AWARDS; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: SOUTH Euclid (Ohio); Geographic Subject: OHIO; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Letter; ; Lexile: 1110; ; Full Text Word Count: 736; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - bwh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Shuang
AU  - Ren, Xinrong
AU  - Mao, Jingqiu
AU  - Chen, Zhong
AU  - Brune, William H.
AU  - Lefer, Barry
AU  - Rappenglück, Bernhard
AU  - Flynn, James
AU  - Olson, Jennifer
AU  - Crawford, James H.
T1  - A comparison of chemical mechanisms based on TRAMP-2006 field data
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/10/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 4116
EP  - 4125
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: A comparison of a model using five widely known mechanisms (RACM, CB05, LaRC, SAPRC-99, SAPRC-07, and MCMv3.1) has been conducted based on the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP-2006) field data in 2006. The concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals were calculated by a zero-dimensional box model with each mechanism and then compared with the OH and HO2 measurements. The OH and HO2 calculated by the model with different mechanisms show similarities and differences with each other and with the measurements. First, measured OH and HO2 are generally greater than modeled for all mechanisms, with the median modeled-to-measured ratios ranging from about 0.8 (CB05) to about 0.6 (SAPRC-99). These differences indicate that either measurement errors, the effects of unmeasured species or chemistry errors in the model or the mechanisms, with some errors being independent of the mechanism used. Second, the modeled and measured ratios of HO2/OH agree when NO is about 1 ppbv, but the modeled ratio is too high when NO was less and too low when NO is more, as seen in previous studies. Third, mechanism–mechanism HO x differences are sensitive to the environmental conditions – in more polluted conditions, the mechanism–mechanism differences are less. This result suggests that, in polluted conditions, the mechanistic details are less important than in cleaner conditions, probably because of the dominance of reactive nitrogen chemistry under polluted conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Field work (Research)
KW  - Radicals (Chemistry)
KW  - Hydroxyl group
KW  - Reactive nitrogen species
KW  - Hydroxides
KW  - Chemical mechanisms
KW  - Hydroperoxy radical
KW  - Hydroxyl radical
KW  - Model intercomparison
N1  - Accession Number: 53721068; Chen, Shuang 1; Email Address: suc185@psu.edu; Ren, Xinrong 1; Mao, Jingqiu 1; Chen, Zhong 1; Brune, William H. 1; Lefer, Barry 2; Rappenglück, Bernhard 2; Flynn, James 2; Olson, Jennifer 3; Crawford, James H. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 2: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Oct2010, Vol. 44 Issue 33, p4116; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Field work (Research); Subject Term: Radicals (Chemistry); Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; Subject Term: Reactive nitrogen species; Subject Term: Hydroxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroperoxy radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model intercomparison; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flynn, James
AU  - Lefer, Barry
AU  - Rappenglück, Bernhard
AU  - Leuchner, Michael
AU  - Perna, Ryan
AU  - Dibb, Jack
AU  - Ziemba, Luke
AU  - Anderson, Casey
AU  - Stutz, Jochen
AU  - Brune, William
AU  - Ren, Xinrong
AU  - Mao, Jingqiu
AU  - Luke, Winston
AU  - Olson, Jennifer
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Crawford, James
T1  - Impact of clouds and aerosols on ozone production in Southeast Texas
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/10/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 4126
EP  - 4133
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: A radiative transfer model and photochemical box model are used to examine the effects of clouds and aerosols on actinic flux and photolysis rates, and the impacts of changes in photolysis rates on ozone production and destruction rates in a polluted urban environment like Houston, Texas. During the TexAQS-II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project the combined cloud and aerosol effects reduced j(NO2) photolysis frequencies by nominally 17%, while aerosols reduced j(NO2) by 3% on six clear sky days. Reductions in actinic flux due to attenuation by clouds and aerosols correspond to reduced net ozone formation rates with a nearly one-to-one relationship. The overall reduction in the net ozone production rate due to reductions in photolysis rates by clouds and aerosols was approximately 8 ppbv h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Attenuation (Physics)
KW  - Texas
KW  - Ozone production
KW  - Photochemical box model
KW  - Photolysis rates
KW  - Radiative transfer model
KW  - TexAQS-II
KW  - TRAMP
N1  - Accession Number: 53721069; Flynn, James 1; Lefer, Barry 1; Email Address: blefer@uh.edu; Rappenglück, Bernhard 1; Leuchner, Michael 1; Perna, Ryan 1; Dibb, Jack 2; Ziemba, Luke 2; Anderson, Casey 2; Stutz, Jochen 3; Brune, William 4; Ren, Xinrong 4; Mao, Jingqiu 4; Luke, Winston 5; Olson, Jennifer 6; Chen, Gao 6; Crawford, James 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204-5007, USA; 2: Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 131 Main Street, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 4: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 201 Shields Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 5: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; 6: NASA Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Oct2010, Vol. 44 Issue 33, p4126; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Urban pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Attenuation (Physics); Subject: Texas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemical box model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photolysis rates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer model; Author-Supplied Keyword: TexAQS-II; Author-Supplied Keyword: TRAMP; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Schultz, Peter
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Wooden, Diane
AU  - Shirley, Mark
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Hermatyn, Brendan
AU  - Marshall, William
AU  - Ricco, Antonio
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Goldstein, David
AU  - Summy, Dustin
AU  - Bart, Gwendolyn D.
AU  - Asphaug, Erik
AU  - Korycansky, Don
AU  - Landis, David
AU  - Sollitt, Luke
T1  - Detection of Water in the LCROSS Ejecta Plume.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10/22/
VL  - 330
IS  - 6003
M3  - Article
SP  - 463
EP  - 468
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Several remote observations have indicated that water ice may be presented in permanently shadowed craters of the Moon. The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission was designed to provide direct evidence (1). On 9 October 2009, a spent Centaur rocket struck the persistently shadowed region within the lunar south pole crater Cabeus, ejecting debris, dust, and vapor. This material was observed by a second "shepherding" spacecraft, which carried nine instruments, including cameras, spectrometers, and a radiometer. Near-infrared absorbance attributed to water vapor and ice and ultraviolet emissions attributable to hydroxyl radicals support the presence of water in the debris. The maximum total water vapor and water ice within the instrument field of view was 155 ± 12 kilograms. Given the estimated total excavated mass of regolith that reached sunlight, and hence was observable, the concentration of water ice in the regolith at the LCROSS impact site is estimated to be 5.6 ± 2.9% by mass. In addition to water, spectral bands of a number of other volatile compounds were observed, including tight hydrocarbons, sulfur-bearing species, and carbon dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Lunar craters
KW  - Ice
KW  - Artificial satellites -- Moon
KW  - Planetary water
KW  - Lunar geology
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Lunar exploration
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 55008530; Colaprete, Anthony 1; Email Address: Anthony.Cotaprete-l@nasa.gov; Schultz, Peter 2; Heldmann, Jennifer 1; Wooden, Diane 1; Shirley, Mark 1; Ennico, Kimberly 1; Hermatyn, Brendan 2; Marshall, William 1,3; Ricco, Antonio 1; Elphic, Richard C. 1; Goldstein, David 4; Summy, Dustin 4; Bart, Gwendolyn D. 5; Asphaug, Erik 6; Korycansky, Don 6; Landis, David 7; Sollitt, Luke 8; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 3: Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 4: University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 5: University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA; 6: University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 7: Aurora Design and Technology, Palm Harbor, FL 34685, USA; 8: The Citadel, Charleston, SC 29409, USA; Issue Info: 10/22/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6003, p463; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Lunar craters; Subject Term: Ice; Subject Term: Artificial satellites -- Moon; Subject Term: Planetary water; Subject Term: Lunar geology; Subject Term: Geochemistry; Subject Term: Lunar exploration; Subject Term: Moon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1186986
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schultz, Peter H.
AU  - Hermalyn, Brendan
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Shirley, Mark
AU  - Marshall, William S.
T1  - The LCROSS Cratering Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10/22/
VL  - 330
IS  - 6003
M3  - Article
SP  - 468
EP  - 472
SN  - 00368075
AB  - As its detached upper-stage launch vehicle collided with the surface, instruments on the trailing Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) Shepherding Spacecraft monitored the impact and ejecta. The faint impact flash in visible wavelengths and thermal signature imaged in the mid-infrared together indicate a low-density surface layer. The evolving spectra reveal not only OH within sunlit ejecta but also other volatile species. As the Shepherding Spacecraft approached the surface, it imaged a 25- to-30-meter-diameter crater and evidence of a high-angle ballistic ejecta plume still in the process of returning to the surface~an evolution attributed to the nature of the impactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Lunar geology
KW  - Lunar craters
KW  - Artificial satellites -- Moon
KW  - Infrared detectors
KW  - Hydroxyl group
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 55008531; Schultz, Peter H. 1; Email Address: peter_schultz@brown.edu; Hermalyn, Brendan 1; Colaprete, Anthony 2; Ennico, Kimberly 2; Shirley, Mark 2; Marshall, William S. 2,3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Issue Info: 10/22/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6003, p468; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Lunar geology; Subject Term: Lunar craters; Subject Term: Artificial satellites -- Moon; Subject Term: Infrared detectors; Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; Subject Term: Moon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1187454
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gladstone, G. Randall
AU  - Hurley, Dana M.
AU  - Retherford, Kurt D.
AU  - Feldman, Paul D.
AU  - Pryor, Wayne R.
AU  - Chaufray, Jean-Yves
AU  - Versteeg, Maarten
AU  - Greathouse, Thomas K.
AU  - Steffl, Andrew J.
AU  - Throop, Henry
AU  - Parker, Joel Wm.
AU  - Kaufmann, David E.
AU  - Egan, Anthony F.
AU  - Davis, Michael W.
AU  - Slater, David C.
AU  - Mukherjee, Joey
AU  - Miles, Paul F.
AU  - Hendrix, Amanda R.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
T1  - LRO-LAMP Observations of the LCROSS Impact Plume.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10/22/
VL  - 330
IS  - 6003
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 476
SN  - 00368075
AB  - On 9 October 2009, the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) sent a kinetic impactor to strike Cabeus crater, on a mission to search for water ice and other volatiles expected to be trapped in lunar polar soils. The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) ultraviolet spectrograph onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) observed the plume generated by the LCROSS impact as far-ultraviolet emissions from the fluorescence of sunlight by molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide, plus resonantly scattered sunlight from atomic mercury, with contributions from calcium and magnesium. The observed light curve is well simulated by the expansion of a vapor cloud at a temperature of -1000 kelvin, containing -570 kilograms (kg) of carbon monoxide, -140 kg of molecular hydrogen, -160 kg of calcium, -120 kg of mercury, and -40 kg of magnesium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Lunar craters
KW  - Lunar geology
KW  - Lunar soil
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Artificial satellites -- Moon
KW  - Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite)
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 55008532; Gladstone, G. Randall 1; Email Address: rgladstone@swri.edu; Hurley, Dana M. 2; Retherford, Kurt D. 1; Feldman, Paul D. 3; Pryor, Wayne R. 4; Chaufray, Jean-Yves 1; Versteeg, Maarten 1; Greathouse, Thomas K. 1; Steffl, Andrew J. 5; Throop, Henry 5; Parker, Joel Wm. 5; Kaufmann, David E. 5; Egan, Anthony F. 5; Davis, Michael W. 1; Slater, David C. 1; Mukherjee, Joey 1; Miles, Paul F. 1; Hendrix, Amanda R. 6; Colaprete, Anthony 7; Stern, S. Alan 5; Affiliations: 1: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA; 2: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 3: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; 4: Central Arizona College, Coolidge, AZ 85228, USA; 5: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 7: Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 10/22/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6003, p472; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Lunar craters; Subject Term: Lunar geology; Subject Term: Lunar soil; Subject Term: Geochemistry; Subject Term: Artificial satellites -- Moon; Subject Term: Lunar Orbiter (Artificial satellite); Subject Term: Moon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1186474
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pizzarello, Sandra
AU  - Wang, Yi
AU  - Chaban, Galina M.
T1  - A comparative study of the hydroxy acids from the Murchison, GRA 95229 and LAP 02342 meteorites
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 74
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 6206
EP  - 6217
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The hydroxy acid suites extracted from the Murchison (MN), GRA 95229 (GRA) and LAP 02342 (LAP) meteorites have been investigated for their molecular, chiral and isotopic composition. Substantial amounts of the compounds have been detected in all three meteorites, with a total abundance that is lower than that of the amino acids in the same stones. Overall, their molecular distributions mirror closely that of the corresponding amino acids and most evidently so for the LAP meteorite. A surprising l-lactic acid enantiomeric excess was found present in all three stones, which cannot be easily accounted by terrestrial contamination; all other compounds of the three hydroxy acid suites were found racemic. The branched-chain five carbon and the diastereomer six-carbon hydroxy acids were also studied vis-a-vis the corresponding amino acids and calculated ab initio thermodynamic data, with the comparison allowing the suggestion that meteoritic hydroxyacid at these chain lengths formed under thermodynamic control and, possibly, at a later stage than the corresponding amino acids. 13C and D isotopic enrichments were detected for many of the meteoritic hydroxy acids and found to vary between molecular species with trends that also appear to correlate to those of amino acids; the highest δD value (+3450‰) was displayed by GRA 2-OH-2-methylbutyric acid. The data suggest that, while the amino- and hydroxy acids likely relate to common presolar precursor, their final distribution in meteorites was determined to large extent by the overall composition of the environments that saw their formation, with ammonia being the determining factor in their final abundance ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Hydroxy acids
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Isotopes
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Lactic acid
KW  - Diastereoisomers
KW  - Chirality
N1  - Accession Number: 53793976; Pizzarello, Sandra 1; Email Address: pizzar@asu.edu; Wang, Yi 2; Chaban, Galina M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA; 2: ZymaX Forensics, 600 South Andreasen Drive B, Escondido, CA 92029, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Nov2010, Vol. 74 Issue 21, p6206; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Subject Term: Hydroxy acids; Subject Term: Meteorites; Subject Term: Isotopes; Subject Term: Amino acids; Subject Term: Lactic acid; Subject Term: Diastereoisomers; Subject Term: Chirality; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Thomas H.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Landman, Drew
T1  - Calibration Modeling of Nonmonolithic Wind-Tunnel Force Balances.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1860
EP  - 1866
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Experimental designs and regression models for calibrating nonmonolithic (multiple piece) internal wind-tunnel force balances were investigated through a case study that demonstrated fundamental deficiencies with a typical test schedule. It was found that the current calibration point selection method, which swept the design space two factors at a time, introduced a degree of correlation among model terms, depending on the model form. While using the statistical design of experiment performance metrics to analyze the deficiencies in the experimental design, it was also found that there were problems inherent to the model form itself that were independent of the design. An analysis of the calibration model, endorsed by the AIAA recommended practices document for nonmonolithic balances, lead to correlated response model terms due to overparameterization. Four new modeling strategies are proposed to overcome these challenges for nonmonolithic force balances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - STATISTICAL hypothesis testing
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 57826865; Source Information: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p1860; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: STATISTICAL hypothesis testing; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.46356
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Robert
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Chopra, Inderjit
T1  - Examination of Rotor Loads due to On-Blade Active Controls for Performance Enhancement.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2049
EP  - 2066
SN  - 00218669
AB  - On-blade active controls with trailing-edge deflection, leading-edge deflection, and active-twist are studied for improvements in rotor aerodynamic efficiency and their influence on structural loads. A full-seale UH-60A Blackhawk rotor at two key flight conditions (high-speed forward flight and high-thrust forward flight) is studied using coupled computational fluid dynamics and computational structural dynamics simulations. A simulation- based trade study is carried out comprising parametric variations of geometric sizing and deployment schedules of the blade morphing. The study shows that active controls improve rotor performance and reduce rotor loads at the same time with careful selection of deployment schedule and design. In high-speed forward flight, using trailing-edge deflection, an improvement of 7.3% in performance and a reduction in the hub vibratory loads of up to 54% is achieved, and using active-twist an improvement of 7.0% in performance and up to 22% reduction in hub vibratory loads is achieved. In high-thrust forward flight, a 15.0% improvement in performance and up to 40% reduction in huh vibratory loads is achieved using leading-edge deflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 57826883; Source Information: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p2049; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 18p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 15 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C000306
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nurge, Mark A.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
T1  - Mass Conservation in Modeling Moisture Diffusion in Multi-layer Composite and Sandwich Structures.
JO  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
JF  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
Y1  - 2010/11//11/01/2010
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 755
EP  - 763
SN  - 10996362
AB  - Moisture diffusion in multi-layer composite and sandwich structures is difficult to model using finite-difference methods due to the discontinuity in moisture concentration between adjacent layers of differing materials. Applying a mass-conserving approach at these boundaries proved to be effective at accurately predicting moisture uptake for a sample exposed to a fixed temperature and relative humidity. Details of the model developed are presented and compared with actual moisture uptake data gathered over 130 days from a graphite/epoxy composite sandwich coupon with a Rohacell® foam core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - COMPOSITE construction
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - finite difference modeling
KW  - graphite/epoxy composites
KW  - moisture diffusion
KW  - Rohacell®
N1  - Accession Number: 55532613; Nurge, Mark A. 1; Youngquist, Robert C. 2; Starr, Stanley O. 2; Source Information: 11/01/2010, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p755; Subject: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject: COMPOSITE construction; Subject: HUMIDITY; Subject: FINITE differences; Subject: GRAPHITE; Subject: EPOXY compounds; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite difference modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: graphite/epoxy composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: moisture diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rohacell®; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2578
L3  - 10.1177/1099636210363339
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schofield, Oscar
AU  - Kohut, Josh
AU  - Glenn, Scott
AU  - Morel, Julio
AU  - Capella, Jorge
AU  - Corredor, Jorge
AU  - Orcutt, John
AU  - Arrott, Mathew
AU  - Krueger, Ingolf
AU  - Meisinger, Michael
AU  - Peach, Cheryl
AU  - Vernon, Frank
AU  - Chave, Alan
AU  - Yi Chao
AU  - Chien, Steve
AU  - Thompson, David
AU  - Brown, Wendell
AU  - Oliver, Mathew
T1  - A Regional Slocum Glider Network in the Mid-Atlantic Bight Leverages Broad Community Engagement.
JO  - Marine Technology Society Journal
JF  - Marine Technology Society Journal
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 195
SN  - 00253324
AB  - Autonomous underwater gliders have proven to be a cost-effective technology for measuring the 3-D ocean and now represent a critical component during the design and implementation of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Ocean Observing System (MARCOOS), a Region of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System. The gliders have been conducting regional surveys of the Mid-Atlantic (MA) Bight, and during the 3 years of MARCOOS, the glider fleet has conducted 22 missions spanning 10,867 km and collecting 62,824 vertical profiles of data. In addition to collecting regional data, the gliders have facilitated collaboration for partners outside of MARCOOS. The existence of the MA glider observatory provided a unique test bed for cyber-infrastructure tools being developed as part of the National Science Foundation's Ocean Observatory Initiative. This effort allowed the Ocean Observatory Initiative software to integrate the MARCOOS assets and provided a successful demonstration of an ocean sensor net. The hands-on experience of the MA glider technicians supported training and provided assistance of collaborators within the Caribbean Regional Association, also a region of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System, to assess the efficacy of gliders to resolve internal waves. Finally, the glider fleet has enabled sensor development and testing in a cost-effective manner. Generally, new sensors were tested within the MARCOOS domain before they were deployed in more extreme locations throughout the world's oceans. On the basis of this experience, the goal of the MARCOOS glider team will be to expand the MA network in coming years. The potential of how an expanded network of gliders might serve national needs was illustrated during the 2010 Macondo Gulf of Mexico oil spill, where gliders from many institutions collected subsurface mesoscale data to support regional models and oil response planning. The experience gained over the last 5 years suggests that it is time to develop a national glider network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Technology Society Journal is the property of Marine Technology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Oceanographic research stations
KW  - Technological innovations
KW  - Internal waves
KW  - Oceanography -- Observations
KW  - United States
KW  - IOOS
KW  - Ocean observatories
KW  - Webb gliders
N1  - Accession Number: 57567624; Schofield, Oscar 1; Email Address: oscar@marine.rutgers.edu; Kohut, Josh 1; Email Address: kohut@marine.rutgers.edu; Glenn, Scott 1; Email Address: glenn@marine.rutgers.edu; Morel, Julio 2; Capella, Jorge 2; Corredor, Jorge 2; Orcutt, John 3; Arrott, Mathew 3; Krueger, Ingolf 3; Meisinger, Michael 3; Peach, Cheryl 3; Vernon, Frank 3; Chave, Alan 4; Yi Chao 5; Chien, Steve 5; Thompson, David 5; Brown, Wendell 6; Oliver, Mathew 7; Affiliations: 1: Coastal Ocean Observation Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers University; 2: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico; 3: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego; 4: Deep Submergence Laboratory, Department of Applied Ocean Physics and Engineering, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 6: School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth; 7: School of Marine Science and Policy, College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware; Issue Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p185; Subject Term: Oceanographic research stations; Subject Term: Technological innovations; Subject Term: Internal waves; Subject Term: Oceanography -- Observations; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: IOOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean observatories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Webb gliders; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allen, Michelle A.
AU  - Neilan, Brett A.
AU  - Burns, Brendan P.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
T1  - Lipid biomarkers in Hamelin Pool microbial mats and stromatolites
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1207
EP  - 1218
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Abstract: Comprehensive lipid biomarker profiles were determined for extant intertidal columnar stromatolites and non-lithified smooth and pustular microbial mats from Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Hydrocarbons, alkyl (wax) esters, sterols, fatty acids, triterpenoids and ether-linked hydrocarbons were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and triterpenoids were analysed using high temperature GC–MS. Cyanobacterial markers were abundant in each sample and lipids diagnostic of heterotrophic bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, anoxygenic phototropic bacteria and archaea were also detected. Limited input from higher plants and diatoms was observed. For the first time, 2-methylhopanoids were detected in Hamelin Pool microbial communities. The overall lipid profiles of the three sediment types were similar, suggesting that extant non-lithified microbial mats and stromatolites can comprise similar microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biochemical markers
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Lipids
KW  - Stromatolites
KW  - High temperatures
KW  - Western Australia
N1  - Accession Number: 54483484; Allen, Michelle A. 1,2; Neilan, Brett A. 1,2; Email Address: b.neilan@unsw.edu.au; Burns, Brendan P. 1,2; Jahnke, Linda L. 3,4; Summons, Roger E. 4,5; Affiliations: 1: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia; 2: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia; 3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Issue Info: Nov2010, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p1207; Thesaurus Term: Biochemical markers; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Lipids; Subject Term: Stromatolites; Subject Term: High temperatures; Subject: Western Australia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.07.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delory, Gregory T.
AU  - Laver, Conor
AU  - de Pater, Imke
AU  - Pitman, Joe
AU  - Duncan, Alan
T1  - High resolution remote sensing observations for missions to the Jovian system: Io as a case study
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 58
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1699
EP  - 1707
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We present modeled images of Io at a variety of distances from the surface as a function of imager aperture size and wavelength. We consider the science objectives that could be achieved from missions engaged in long range remote-sensing of Io during the approach to the Jovian system and subsequently from orbit around Europa or Ganymede, in both the visible and near infrared wavelength ranges. We find that basic global mapping objectives in the visible can be met with a traditional 0.5m telescope design. A more ambitious 1.5m telescope could accomplish much more detailed objectives such as topographical measurements, and determination of flow patterns and thermal sources for individual active regions on Io. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Telescopes
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Scientific apparatus & instruments
KW  - Ganymede (Satellite)
KW  - Europa (Satellite)
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Io
N1  - Accession Number: 54483911; Delory, Gregory T. 1,2; Email Address: gdelory@ssl.berkeley.edu; Laver, Conor 3; de Pater, Imke 3; Pitman, Joe 4; Duncan, Alan 5; Affiliations: 1: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Astronomy, 601 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 4: Exploration Sciences, P.O. Box 24, Pine, CO 80470, USA; 5: Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Issue Info: Nov2010, Vol. 58 Issue 13, p1699; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Case studies; Subject Term: Telescopes; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Scientific apparatus & instruments; Subject Term: Ganymede (Satellite); Subject Term: Europa (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.08.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Hanely, Julia
T1  - Dwarf mistletoe effects on soil basidiomycete community structure, soil fungal functional diversity, and soil enzyme function: Implications for climate change
JO  - Soil Biology & Biochemistry
JF  - Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1976
EP  - 1981
AB  - Abstract: We used a combination of molecular, culture and biochemical methods to test the hypothesis that severe infection of pine by dwarf mistletoe (genus Arceuthobium) has significant effects on structure and function of soil fungal communities, and on carbon cycling in soils. PCR and DNA sequencing of the basidiomycete communities in paired blocks of uninfected and infected trees revealed: (1) that the top, organic soil layer in this system is inhabited almost exclusively by ectomycorrhizal fungi; (2) no difference in species richness (6 species core−1 in both) or Shannon–Wiener evenness (0.740 and 0.747 in uninfected and infected blocks respectively), however Shannon–Wiener diversity was significantly greater in infected blocks (1.19 vs 1.94 in uninfected and infected blocks respectively, P < 0.05); (3) significant differences in basidiomycete species composition, with nearly complete absence of two system co-dominant Russula species in infected blocks, and replacement of one co-dominant Piloderma species with another in infected plots, indicating physiological variability within the genus. Soil fungal physiological diversity measured using the Fungilog system was significantly greater in terms of both number of carbon substrates used by culturable soil fungi (both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes) in infected blocks, and the rate at which these substrates were used. Soil enzyme assays revealed greater laccase, peroxidase, and cellulase activities in soils associated with infected trees. Thus, event cascades associated with severe dwarf mistletoe infection not only significantly affected soil fungal species composition and increased species diversity, but also impacted on carbon-related function and functional diversity. Given the geographic range of this pathogen, and forecasts that epidemics of this disease will increase in range in severity with global climate change, these effects have the potential to significantly impact local and global carbon budgets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Soil Biology & Biochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Soil fungi
KW  - Dwarf mistletoes
KW  - Ectomycorrhizas
KW  - Soil enzymology
KW  - Nucleotide sequence
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - Climate change
KW  - DNA sequencing
KW  - Dwarf mistletoe
KW  - Ectomycorrhizae
KW  - PCR
KW  - Soil enzymes
KW  - Soil Fungi
N1  - Accession Number: 53793703; Cullings, Ken 1; Hanely, Julia; Email Address: cullings1@earthlink.net; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Nov2010, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p1976; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Soil fungi; Subject Term: Dwarf mistletoes; Subject Term: Ectomycorrhizas; Subject Term: Soil enzymology; Subject Term: Nucleotide sequence; Subject Term: Polymerase chain reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA sequencing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dwarf mistletoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhizae; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil Fungi; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Russian; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.018
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - De Young, Russell
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Allen Chu, D.
T1  - Comparison of summer and winter California central valley aerosol distributions from lidar and MODIS measurements
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/11/11/
VL  - 44
IS  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 4510
EP  - 4520
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Aerosol distributions from two aircraft lidar campaigns conducted in the California Central Valley are compared in order to identify seasonal variations. Aircraft lidar flights were conducted in June 2003 and February 2007. While the ground PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter≤2.5μm) concentration was highest in the winter, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured from the MODIS and lidar instruments was highest in the summer. A multiyear seasonal comparison shows that PM2.5 in the winter can exceed summer PM2.5 by 68%, while summer AOD from MODIS exceeds winter AOD by 29%. Warmer temperatures and wildfires in the summer produce elevated aerosol layers that are detected by satellite measurements, but not necessarily by surface particulate matter monitors. Temperature inversions, especially during the winter, contribute to higher PM2.5 measurements at the surface. Measurements of the mixing layer height from lidar instruments provide valuable information needed to understand the correlation between satellite measurements of AOD and in situ measurements of PM2.5. Lidar measurements also reflect the ammonium nitrate chemistry observed in the San Joaquin Valley, which may explain the discrepancy between the MODIS AOD and PM2.5 measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Surface chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Temperature effect
KW  - California
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Lidar
KW  - MODIS
KW  - San Joaquin Valley
N1  - Accession Number: 54010239; Lewis, Jasper 1; Email Address: jasper.r.lewis@nasa.gov; De Young, Russell 2; Ferrare, Richard 2; Allen Chu, D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Atmospheric Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Nov2010, Vol. 44 Issue 35, p4510; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Surface chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Temperature effect; Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin Valley; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.006
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, H.B.
AU  - Anderson, B.E.
AU  - Brune, W.H.
AU  - Cai, C.
AU  - Cohen, R.C.
AU  - Crawford, J.H.
AU  - Cubison, M.J.
AU  - Czech, E.P.
AU  - Emmons, L.
AU  - Fuelberg, H.E.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Jacob, D.J.
AU  - Jimenez, J.L.
AU  - Kaduwela, A.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Olson, J.R.
AU  - Sachse, G.W.
AU  - Vay, S.A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
T1  - Pollution influences on atmospheric composition and chemistry at high northern latitudes: Boreal and California forest fire emissions
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/11/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 4553
EP  - 4564
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: We analyze detailed atmospheric gas/aerosol composition data acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) airborne campaign performed at high northern latitudes in spring (ARCTAS-A) and summer (ARCTAS-B) and in California in summer (ARCTAS-CARB). Biomass burning influences were widespread throughout the ARCTAS campaign. MODIS data from 2000 to 2009 indicated that 2008 had the second largest fire counts over Siberia and a more normal Canadian boreal forest fire season. Near surface arctic air in spring contained strong anthropogenic signatures indicated by high sulfate. In both spring and summer most of the pollution plumes transported to the Arctic region were from Europe and Asia and were present in the mid to upper troposphere and contained a mix of forest fire and urban influences. The gas/aerosol composition of the high latitude troposphere was strongly perturbed at all altitudes in both spring and summer. The reactive nitrogen budget was balanced with PAN as the dominant component. Mean ozone concentrations in the high latitude troposphere were only minimally perturbed (<5ppb), although many individual pollution plumes sampled in the mid to upper troposphere, and mixed with urban influences, contained elevated ozone (ΔO3/ΔCO=0.11±0.09v/v). Emission and optical characteristics of boreal and California wild fires were quantified and found to be broadly comparable. Greenhouse gas emission estimates derived from ARCTAS-CARB data for the South Coast Air Basin of California show good agreement with state inventories for CO2 and N2O but indicate substantially larger emissions of CH4. Simulations by multiple models of transport and chemistry were found to be broadly consistent with observations with a tendency towards under prediction at high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Greenhouse gas mitigation
KW  - Forest fires -- California
KW  - Wildfires -- Environmental aspects
KW  - California
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Arctic pollution
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Models
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Wild fires
N1  - Accession Number: 54010246; Singh, H.B. 1; Email Address: hanwant.b.singh@nasa.gov; Anderson, B.E. 2; Brune, W.H. 3; Cai, C. 4; Cohen, R.C. 5; Crawford, J.H. 2; Cubison, M.J. 6; Czech, E.P. 1; Emmons, L. 7; Fuelberg, H.E. 8; Huey, G. 9; Jacob, D.J. 10; Jimenez, J.L. 6; Kaduwela, A. 4; Kondo, Y. 11; Mao, J. 10; Olson, J.R. 2; Sachse, G.W. 2; Vay, S.A. 2; Weinheimer, A. 7; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 4: California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, USA; 5: University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; 6: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 9: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 10: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 11: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Issue Info: Nov2010, Vol. 44 Issue 36, p4553; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gas mitigation; Subject Term: Forest fires -- California; Subject Term: Wildfires -- Environmental aspects; Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arctic pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenhouse gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wild fires; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Swanson, Aaron
AU  - Meinardi, Simone
AU  - Rowland, F.S.
AU  - Davis, Douglas
T1  - Abundances and variability of tropospheric volatile organic compounds at the South Pole and other Antarctic locations
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/11/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 4565
EP  - 4574
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Multiyear (2000–2006) seasonal measurements of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, halogenated species, dimethyl sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and C1–C4 alkyl nitrates at the South Pole are presented for the first time. At the South Pole, short-lived species (such as the alkenes) typically were not observed above their limits of detection because of long transit times from source regions. Peak mixing ratios of the longer lived species with anthropogenic sources were measured in late winter (August and September) with decreasing mixing ratios throughout the spring. In comparison, compounds with a strong oceanic source, such as bromoform and methyl iodide, had peak mixing ratios earlier in the winter (June and July) because of decreased oceanic production during the winter months. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is also oceanically emitted but has a short lifetime, was rarely measured above 5 pptv. This is in contrast to high DMS mixing ratios at coastal locations and shows the importance of photochemical removal during transport to the pole. Alkyl nitrate mixing ratios peaked during April and then decreased throughout the winter. The dominant source of the alkyl nitrates in the region is believed to be oceanic emissions rather than photochemical production due to low alkane levels. Sampling of other tropospheric environments via a Twin Otter aircraft included the west coast of the Ross Sea and large stretches of the Antarctic Plateau. In the coastal atmosphere, a vertical gradient was found with the highest mixing ratios of marine emitted compounds at low altitudes. Conversely, for anthropogenically produced species the highest mixing ratios were measured at the highest altitudes, suggesting long-range transport to the continent. Flights flown through the plume of Mount Erebus, an active volcano, revealed that both carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide are emitted with an OCS/CO molar ratio of 3.3 × 10−3 consistent with direct observations by other investigators within the crater rim. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Effect of human beings on weather
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Coasts
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Dimethyl sulfide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - South Pole
KW  - Antarctic Ocean
KW  - Airborne measurements
KW  - ANTCI
KW  - Alkyl nitrate production
KW  - Antarctic troposphere
KW  - Mount Erebus
KW  - VOC seasonal variability
N1  - Accession Number: 54010247; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 1; Email Address: andreas.j.beyersdorf@nasa.gov; Blake, Donald R. 2; Swanson, Aaron 3; Meinardi, Simone 2; Rowland, F.S. 2; Davis, Douglas 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23662, USA; 2: University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 3: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278, USA; 4: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Issue Info: Nov2010, Vol. 44 Issue 36, p4565; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Effect of human beings on weather; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Coasts; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Dimethyl sulfide -- Environmental aspects; Subject: South Pole; Subject: Antarctic Ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: ANTCI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkyl nitrate production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic troposphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mount Erebus; Author-Supplied Keyword: VOC seasonal variability; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Russian; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Locomotion in Simulated and Real Microgravity: Horizontal Suspension vs. Parabolic Flight.
AU  - De Witt, John K.
AU  - Perusek, Gail P.
AU  - Lewandowski, Beth E.
AU  - Gilkey, Kelly M.
AU  - Savina, Mark C.
AU  - Samorezov, Sergey
AU  - Edwards, W. Brent
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 81
IS  - 12
SP  - 1092
EP  - 1099
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 57153721; Author: De Witt, John K.: 1 email: john.k.dewitt@nasa.gov. Author: Perusek, Gail P.: 2 Author: Lewandowski, Beth E.: 3 Author: Gilkey, Kelly M.: 4 Author: Savina, Mark C.: 1 Author: Samorezov, Sergey: 2 Author: Edwards, W. Brent: 3 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, TX: 2 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH: 3 ZIN Technologies, Cleveland, OH: 4 Iowa State University, Ames, IA; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20110107
N2  - Introduction: The effect of reducing gravity on locomotion has been studied using microgravity analogues. However, there is no known literature comparing locomotion in actual microgravity (AM) to locomotion in simulated microgravity (SM). Methods: Five subjects were tested while walking at 1.34 m ∙ s-1 and running at 3.13 ∙ m s-1 on a treadmill during parabolic flight and on a microgravity simulator. The external load (EL) in AM and SM was provided by elastomer bungees at approximately 55% (low) and 90% (high) of the subjects' bodyweight (BW). Lower body joint kinematics and ground reaction forces were measured during each condition. Effect size and its 95% confidence interval were computed between gravitational conditions for each outcome variable. Results: In AM, subjects attained approximately 15-21° greater hip flexion during walking and 19-25° greater hip flexion during running. Hip range of motion was greater in AM during running by approximately 12-17° Trunk motion was 4° less in SM than AM during walking. Peak impact force was greater in SM than in AM during walking with a low EL (SM = 0.95 ± 0.04 BW; AM = 0.76 ± 0.04 BW) and contact times were greater in SM. Conclusions: Subtle differences exist in locomotion patterns, temporal kinematics, and peak impact ground reaction forces between AM and SM. The differences suggest possible adaptations in the motor coordination required between gravitational condition, and potential differences in adaptations that are dependent upon if training occurs in actual or simulated microgravity. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *LOCOMOTION
KW  - *KINEMATICS
KW  - *BIOMECHANICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - biomechanics
KW  - ground reaction forces
KW  - kinematics
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurrell, James W.
AU  - Meehl, Gerald A.
AU  - Bader, Dave
AU  - Delworth, Thomas L.
AU  - Kirtman, Ben
AU  - Wielick, Bruce
T1  - Reply.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 91
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1702
EP  - 1703
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - No Abstract available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes -- Detection
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Climatology -- Observations
KW  - Last Glacial Maximum
KW  - Geological modeling
KW  - Pielke, Roger A., 1946-
N1  - Accession Number: 60882776; Hurrell, James W. 1; Meehl, Gerald A. 1; Bader, Dave 2; Delworth, Thomas L. 3; Kirtman, Ben 4; Wielick, Bruce 5; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 2: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; 3: NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey; 4: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, and Center for Ocean--Land--Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2010, Vol. 91 Issue 12, p1702; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Detection; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Climatology -- Observations; Thesaurus Term: Last Glacial Maximum; Subject Term: Geological modeling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; People: Pielke, Roger A., 1946-; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010BAMS3118.1
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Yabei
AU  - Smith, Steven J.
AU  - Kyle, G. Page
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - Modeling the potential for thermal concentrating solar power technologies
JO  - Energy Policy
JF  - Energy Policy
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 38
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 7884
EP  - 7897
SN  - 03014215
AB  - Abstract: In this paper we explore the tradeoffs between thermal storage capacity, cost, and other system parameters in order to examine possible evolutionary pathways for thermal concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies. A representation of CSP performance that is suitable for incorporation into economic modeling tools is developed. We also combined existing data in order to estimate the global solar resource characteristics needed for analysis of CSP technologies. We find that, as the fraction of electricity supplied by CSP technologies grows, the application of thermal CSP technologies might progress from current hybrid plants, to plants with a modest amount of thermal storage, and potentially even to plants with sufficient thermal storage to provide base load generation capacity. The regional and global potential of thermal CSP technologies was then examined using the GCAM long-term integrated assessment model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Energy Policy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Electricity
KW  - Energy policy
KW  - Heat storage devices
KW  - Economics
KW  - CSP
KW  - Solar
KW  - Thermal storage
N1  - Accession Number: 54608358; Zhang, Yabei 1; Email Address: yzhang7@worldbank.org; Smith, Steven J. 2; Email Address: ssmith@pnl.gov; Kyle, G. Page 2; Stackhouse, Paul W. 3; Email Address: paul.w.stackhouse@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland, Joint Global Change Research Institute and Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Symons Hall, Room 2200, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Dec2010, Vol. 38 Issue 12, p7884; Thesaurus Term: Solar energy; Thesaurus Term: Electricity; Thesaurus Term: Energy policy; Subject Term: Heat storage devices; Subject Term: Economics; Author-Supplied Keyword: CSP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal storage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926130 Regulation and Administration of Communications, Electric, Gas, and Other Utilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.09.008
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodard, Stanley E.
T1  - Functional Electrical Sensors as Single Component Electrically Open Circuits Having No Electrical Connections.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2010/12//12/01/2010
Y1  - 2010/12//12/01/2010
VL  - 59
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3206
EP  - 3213
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Closed circuits have been used in electrical systems since Alessandro Volta's invention of the modern battery in 1800 made the first closed electrical circuits possible. Even though a capacitor in a circuit could be considered as an open circuit, its use requires electrical connections to a circuit. This paper reports successful measurement of fluid level using a self-resonating planar pattern of electrically conductive material that is an open-circuit single-component sans electrical connections that is wirelessly powered using external oscillating magnetic fields. The circuit responded with its own magnetic harmonic that changed monotonically with the fluid level. The same external antenna received the circuit response providing a means of interrogating the sensor. By eliminating electrical connections, there is no single point that, if damaged, prevents the circuit from being powered and interrogated, thus, eliminating a key failure mode of electrical devices. Sensors used for the initial fluid-level measurements have portions of their circuits severed from the other portions. The damaged sensors were then successfully used to measure the fluid level. Although the results for fluid-level measurement are presented herein, theoretically, many electrical devices whose functions depend on the use of electric fields, magnetic fields or resistance could be developed as open circuits. The applications are far-reaching, from safer damage-resilient self-sensing human-implanted medical sensors to applications with vehicle systems, buildings, food processing and storage, package tamper detection and other measurements that can be related to capacitance, inductance or resistance. Furthermore, this work lays the foundation for developing other electrical components that can be designed without the use of closed circuits or electrical connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - MAGNETIC circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC inductance
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - CAPACITORS
N1  - Accession Number: 55090166; Source Information: 12/01/2010, Vol. 59 Issue 12, p3206; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: MAGNETIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inductance; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2010.2047546
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Neill, Patrick M.
T1  - Badhwar–O'Neill 2010 Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux Model—Revised.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2010/12//12/1/2010 Part 1
VL  - 57
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3148
EP  - 3153
SN  - 00189499
AB  - The Badhwar–O'Neill galactic cosmic ray (GCR) model has been revised to model all balloon and satellite GCR measurements since 1955. This includes the newer 1997–2010 Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) measurements and spans six solar cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Heliosphere (Astrophysics)
KW  - Solar cycle
KW  - Sunspots
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Advanced composition explorer
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - galactic cosmic rays (GCRs)
KW  - heliosphere
KW  - radiation environment
KW  - single-event effect
KW  - solar modulation
KW  - sunspot number
N1  - Accession Number: 57254233; O'Neill, Patrick M. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Avionic Systems Division, Houston, TX, USA; Issue Info: 12/1/2010 Part 1, Vol. 57 Issue 6, p3148; Subject Term: Galactic cosmic rays; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Heliosphere (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Solar cycle; Subject Term: Sunspots; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced composition explorer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: galactic cosmic rays (GCRs); Author-Supplied Keyword: heliosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-event effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: sunspot number; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2010.2083688
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryan, Frank O.
AU  - Tomas, Robert
AU  - Dennis, John M.
AU  - Chelton, Dudley B.
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - McClean, Julie L.
T1  - Frontal Scale Air--Sea Interaction in High-Resolution Coupled Climate Models.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 23
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 6277
EP  - 6291
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The emerging picture of frontal scale air--sea interaction derived from high-resolution satellite observations of surface winds and sea surface temperature (SST) provides a unique opportunity to test the fidelity of high-resolution coupled climate simulations. Initial analysis of the output of a suite of Community Climate System Model (CCSM) experiments indicates that characteristics of frontal scale ocean--atmosphere interaction, such as the positive correlation between SST and surface wind stress, are realistically captured only when the ocean component is eddy resolving. The strength of the coupling between SST and surface stress is weaker than observed, however, as has been found previously for numerical weather prediction models and other coupled climate models. The results are similar when the atmospheric component model grid resolution is doubled from 0.5°° to 0.25°°, an indication that shortcomings in the representation of subgrid scale atmospheric planetary boundary layer processes, rather than resolved scale processes, are responsible for the weakness of the coupling. In the coupled model solutions the response to mesoscale SST features is strongest in the atmospheric boundary layer, but there is a deeper reaching response of the atmospheric circulation apparent in free tropospheric clouds. This simulated response is shown to be consistent with satellite estimates of the relationship between mesoscale SST and all-sky albedo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean-atmosphere interaction
KW  - Thermoclines (Oceanography)
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Airndashsea interaction
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Coupled models
KW  - Mesoscale systems
KW  - Sea surface temperature
KW  - Wind stress
N1  - Accession Number: 59526832; Bryan, Frank O. 1; Email Address: bryan@ucar.edu; Tomas, Robert 1; Dennis, John M. 1; Chelton, Dudley B. 2; Loeb, Norman G. 3; McClean, Julie L. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California; Issue Info: Dec2010, Vol. 23 Issue 23, p6277; Thesaurus Term: Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Thesaurus Term: Thermoclines (Oceanography); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airndashsea interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coupled models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesoscale systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind stress; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3665.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 108234736
T1  - ACCURACY OF STEREOMOTION SPEED PERCEPTION WITH PERSISTING AND DYNAMIC TEXTURES.
AU  - Brooks, Kevin R.
AU  - Stone, Leland S.
Y1  - 2010/12//
N1  - Accession Number: 108234736. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110815. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy; Psychiatry/Psychology. NLM UID: 0401131. 
KW  - Perception
KW  - Human
KW  - Sensory Stimulation
KW  - Vision
KW  - Depth Perception
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
SP  - 921
EP  - 935
JO  - Perceptual & Motor Skills
JF  - Perceptual & Motor Skills
JA  - PERCEPT MOTOR SKILLS
VL  - 111
IS  - 3
CY  - Missoula, Montana
PB  - Ammons Scientific, Ltd.
SN  - 0031-5125
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center
U2  - PMID: 21319629.
DO  - 10.2466/15.24.27.PMS.111.6.921-935
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - ACCURACY OF STEREOMOTION SPEED PERCEPTION WITH PERSISTING AND DYNAMIC TEXTURES.
AU  - BROOKS, KEVIN R.
AU  - STONE, LELAND S.
JO  - Perceptual & Motor Skills
JF  - Perceptual & Motor Skills
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 111
IS  - 3
SP  - 921
EP  - 935
SN  - 00315125
N1  - Accession Number: 57483207; Author: BROOKS, KEVIN R.: 1 email: kevin.brooks@mq.edu.au. Author: STONE, LELAND S.: 2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University: 2 NASA Ames Research Center; No. of Pages: 15; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20110815
N2  - It has been established that the motion in depth of stimuli visible to both eyes may be signalled binocularly either by a change of disparity over time or by the difference in the velocity of the images projected on each retina, known as an interocular velocity difference. A two-interval forced-choice stereomotion speed discrimination experiment was performed on four participants to ascertain the relative speed of a persistent random dot stereogram (RDS) and a dynamic RDS undergoing directly approaching or receding motion in depth. While the persistent RDS pattern involved identical dot patterns translating in opposite directions in each eye, and hence included both changing disparity and interocular velocity difference cues, the dynamic RDS pattern (which contains no coherent monocular motion signals) specified motion in depth through changing disparity, but no motion through interocular velocity difference. Despite an interocular velocity difference speed signal of zero motion in depth, the dynamic RDS stimulus appeared to move more rapidly. These observations are consistent with a scheme in which cues that rely on coherent monocular motion signals (such as looming and the interocular velocity difference cue) are less influential in dynamic stimuli due to their lack of reliability (i.e., increased noise). While dynamic RDS stimuli may be relatively unaffected by the contributions of such cues when they signal that the stimulus did not move in depth, the persistent RDS stimulus may retain a significant and conflicting contribution from the looming cue, resulting in a lower perceived speed. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *DEPTH perception
KW  - *PERCEPTION
KW  - *VISION
KW  - SENSORY stimulation
KW  - TASK performance
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - MARAIS, DAVID J. DES
T1  - Exploring Mars for Evidence of Habitable Environments and Life.
JO  - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
JF  - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 154
IS  - 4
M3  - Speech
SP  - 402
EP  - 421
SN  - 0003049X
AB  - The article presents a speech entitled "Exploring Mars for Evidence of Habitable Environments and Life," delivered by David J. Des Marais, a space scientist with the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), to a symposium called "Space: The Evolving Frontier," during the meeting of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 26, 2008.
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration -- Research
KW  - Habitable planets
KW  - Artificial atmospheres (Space environment)
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - Des Marais, David J.
N1  - Accession Number: 61340317; MARAIS, DAVID J. DES 1; Affiliations: 1 : Space Scientist, Astrobiology NASA Ames Research Center.;  Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 154 Issue 4, p402; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration -- Research; Subject Term: Habitable planets; Subject Term: Artificial atmospheres (Space environment); Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Speech
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - vth
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - MORRISON, DAVID
T1  - Impacts and Evolution: Protecting Earth from Asteroids.
JO  - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
JF  - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 154
IS  - 4
M3  - Speech
SP  - 439
EP  - 450
SN  - 0003049X
AB  - The article presents a speech entitled "Impacts and Evolution: Protecting Earth from Asteroids," delivered by U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) senior scientist David Morrison to a meeting of the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, April 26, 2008. Morrison discussed forecasting methods for asteroid impact to Earth and environmental impact studies conducted by NASA and other space agencies.
KW  - Impact of asteroids with Earth
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - Morrison, David, 1940-
N1  - Accession Number: 61340319; MORRISON, DAVID 1,2; Affiliations: 1 : Director, Carl Sagan Center for Study of Life in Universe, SETI.; 2 : Institute Senior Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center.;  Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 154 Issue 4, p439; Subject Term: Impact of asteroids with Earth; Subject Term: Forecasting; Subject Term: Environmental sciences; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Speech
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - vth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okraku, E.W.
AU  - Gupta, M.C.
AU  - Wright, K.D.
T1  - Pulsed laser annealing of P3HT/PCBM organic solar cells
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 94
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2013
EP  - 2017
SN  - 09270248
AB  - Abstract: A pulsed laser heating method has been investigated as a thermal annealing process for the improvement of P3HT/PCBM organic solar cell performance. We have shown that pulsed laser annealing can be used as an alternative to hot-plate annealing and produces comparable photovoltaic properties in P3HT/PCBM organic solar cells. Performance improvements can be achieved by irradiating either the ITO or aluminum electrodes. The increases in efficiency with laser annealing are due to increases in short circuit current density. Also, we have shown that morphology changes induced by rapid laser heating and cooling are similar to slower hot-plate annealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Photovoltaic cells
KW  - Irradiation
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Pulsed laser deposition
KW  - Annealing of crystals
KW  - Aluminum electrodes
KW  - Laser annealing
KW  - Organic solar cells
KW  - P3HT
KW  - PCBM
N1  - Accession Number: 54101712; Okraku, E.W. 1; Gupta, M.C. 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu; Wright, K.D. 2; Affiliations: 1: Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Dec2010, Vol. 94 Issue 12, p2013; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Photovoltaic cells; Thesaurus Term: Irradiation; Thesaurus Term: Solar energy; Subject Term: Pulsed laser deposition; Subject Term: Annealing of crystals; Subject Term: Aluminum electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser annealing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic solar cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: P3HT; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCBM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.06.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Medina, Maricel
AU  - Sherry, Lance
AU  - Feary, Michael
T1  - Automation for task analysis of next generation air traffic management systems
JO  - Transportation Research: Part C
JF  - Transportation Research: Part C
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 921
EP  - 929
SN  - 0968090X
AB  - Abstract: The increasing span of control of Air Traffic Control enterprise automation (e.g. Flight Schedule Monitor, Departure Flow Management), along with lean-processes and pay-for-performance business models, has placed increased emphasis on operator training time and error rates. There are two traditional approaches to the design of human–computer interaction (HCI) to minimize training time and reduce error rates: (1) experimental user testing provides the most accurate assessment of training time and error rates, but occurs too late in the development cycle and is cost prohibitive, (2) manual review methods (e.g. cognitive walkthrough) can be used earlier in the development cycle, but suffer from poor accuracy and poor inter-rater reliability. Recent development of “affordable” human performance models provide the basis for the automation of task analysis and HCI design to obtain low cost, accurate, estimates of training time and error rates early in the development cycle. This paper describes a usability/HCI analysis tool that this intended for use by design engineers in the course of their software engineering duties. The tool computes estimates of trials-to-mastery (i.e. time to competence for training) and the probability of failure-to-complete for each task. The HCI required to complete a task on the automation under development is entered into the web-based tool via a form. Assessments of the salience of visual cues to prompt operator actions for the proposed design are used to compute training time and error rates. The web-based tool enables designers in multiple locations to review and contribute to the design. An example analysis is provided along with a discussion of the limitations of the tool and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part C is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Automation
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Task analysis
KW  - Error rates
KW  - Job analysis
KW  - User-centered system design
KW  - Human-computer interaction
KW  - Industrial engineering
KW  - Human–computer interaction
KW  - Probability of failure-to-complete a task
KW  - Trials-to-mastery
KW  - Usability analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 53303751; Medina, Maricel 1; Email Address: mmedinam@gmu.edu; Sherry, Lance 1; Email Address: lsherry@gmu.edu; Feary, Michael 2; Email Address: Michael.feary@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Center for Air Transportation System Research, George Mason University, VA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2010, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p921; Thesaurus Term: Automation; Subject Term: Air traffic control; Subject Term: Task analysis; Subject Term: Error rates; Subject Term: Job analysis; Subject Term: User-centered system design; Subject Term: Human-computer interaction; Subject Term: Industrial engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human–computer interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability of failure-to-complete a task; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trials-to-mastery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Usability analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trc.2010.03.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZHENHONG YU
AU  - LISCINSKY, DAVID S.
AU  - WINSTEAD, EDWARD L.
AU  - TRUE, BRUCE S.
AU  - TIMKO, MICHAEL T.
AU  - BHARGAVA, ANUJ
AU  - HERNDON, SCOTT C.
AU  - MIAKE-LYE, RICHARD C.
AU  - ANDERSON, BRUCE E.
T1  - Characterization of Lubrication Oil Emissions from Aircraft Engines.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2010/12/15/
VL  - 44
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 9530
EP  - 9534
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - In this first ever study, particulate matter (PM) emitted from the lubrication system overboard breather vent for two different models of aircraft engines has been systematically characterized. Lubrication oil was confirmed as die predominant component of the emitted particulate matter based upon the characteristic mass spectrum of the pure oil. Total particulate mass and size distributions of the emitted oil are also investigated by several high-sensitivity aerosol characterization instruments. The emission index (EI) of lubrication oil at engine idle is in the range of 2-12 mg kg-1 and increases with engine power. The chemical composition of the oil droplets is essentially independent of engine thrust suggesting that engine oil does not undergo thermally driven chemical transformations during the ∼4 h test window. Volumetric mean diameter is around 250-350 nm for all engine power conditions with a slight power dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Lubrication & lubricants -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Airplanes -- Motors
KW  - Particulate matter -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Volumetric analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 57229834; ZHENHONG YU 1; LISCINSKY, DAVID S. 2; WINSTEAD, EDWARD L. 3; TRUE, BRUCE S. 2; TIMKO, MICHAEL T. 1; BHARGAVA, ANUJ 4; HERNDON, SCOTT C. 1; MIAKE-LYE, RICHARD C. 1; ANDERSON, BRUCE E. 5; Affiliations: 1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States.; 2: United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, United States.; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States.; 4: Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, United States.; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States.; Issue Info: 12/15/2010, Vol. 44 Issue 24, p9530; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Lubrication & lubricants -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Airplanes -- Motors; Subject Term: Particulate matter -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Volumetric analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es102145z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Tai-Fang Fan
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Wenbo Sun
T1  - Radiation characteristics of low and high clouds in different oceanic regions observed by CERES and MODIS.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2010/12/20/
VL  - 31
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 6473
EP  - 6492
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Radiative properties measured by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua spacecraft are evaluated for the same types of clouds in selected areas. Individual measurements are analysed statistically to take advantage of both gridded and individual cloud characteristics. The seasonal variations of radiative fluxes for the same types of clouds from different areas are remarkably similar. Although cloud liquid water paths (LWPs) or ice water paths (IWPs) vary considerably for the same types of clouds, their statistical distributions are very stable for different periods and areas, suggesting that the regional differences in dynamics and thermodynamics primarily cause changes in the cloud frequency or coverage and only secondarily in the cloud macrophysical characteristics such as IWPs or LWPs. These results establish a systematic approach of observations for testing modelled cloud statistics and for improving cloud model parameterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Oceania -- Economic conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 56043532; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov; Minnis, Patrick 1; Tai-Fang Fan 2; Yongxiang Hu 1; Wenbo Sun 2; Affiliations: 1: Climate Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: SSAI, One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 12/20/2010, Vol. 31 Issue 24, p6473; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Subject Term: Oceania -- Economic conditions; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 11 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160903548005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
T1  - Generating an Atmosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/12/24/
VL  - 330
IS  - 6012
M3  - Article
SP  - 1755
EP  - 1756
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses research reported elsewhere in the issue by Teolis et al. on a diffuse atmosphere of carbon dioxide and oxygen that surrounds Rhea, an icy moon of Saturn. The underlying data reportedly were recorded using the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer housed in the Cassini spacecraft that passed Rhea in March 2010.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Rhea (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 57405523; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: dale.p.cruikshank@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: 12/24/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6012, p1755; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Oxygen; Subject Term: Carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Rhea (Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1200473
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chatfield, Robert B.
AU  - Ren, Xinrong
AU  - Brune, William
AU  - Schwab, James
T1  - Controls on urban ozone production rate as indicated by formaldehyde oxidation rate and nitric oxide
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/12/28/
VL  - 44
IS  - 40
M3  - Article
SP  - 5395
EP  - 5406
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Several strong statistical relationships quantifying local ozone generation are found which use only easily measured variables: nitrogen oxides (NO x ), formaldehyde (HCHO), its photolysis (i.e., UV), and temperature (T). A parameterized regression developed for rural air was adapted to central Queens, New York City, i.e., considerable fresh emissions. Measurements of the radicals [HO2] and [OH] were available. These provided explicit reference estimates of the predominant terms for chemical ozone production, P o(O3)= k[HO2][NO], of the predominant chemical loss of nitrogen oxides, L(NO2)= k[OH][NO2], and also their ratio. (This is termed a production efficiency for O3.) Chemical modeling supports a robust extension from P o(O3) to total chemical production, P(O3). The two regression variables, [NO] and j HCHO⇒rads ×[HCHO], which best explain P o(O3), have low correlation, R ∼0.2 (variable, interacting urban plumelets?). In our analysis, R 2 for P o(O3) (and an estimate for its rate-determining [HO2]) was in the range 0.48–0.81. Signally, the method suggests a quantitative and very local application of descriptions of “VOC limitation” or “NO x limitation” to P(O3) and L(NO2), expressed as dimensionless sensitivity variables. Unexpected sources, transport, or chemistry may be highlighted using only HCHO, NO x , and UV radiation. More complex relationships are needed in a focused analysis of intermediate polluted situations, where timescales or individual sources may give trouble. Here, we find that T is informative, and cooperates with j ×[HCHO] in defining [HO2]. Sensitivities for radicals and NO for P o(O3) are similar ∼0.4, but sensitivities for radicals and NO2 for L(NO2) emphasize NO2. Remaining variability in the statistical estimates of P o(O3) and L(NO2) is modulated by incompletely understood, slowly varying gain factors. Understanding of these gain factors promises a better empirical indicator for P o(O3)/L(NO2). Complete 3-d simulations are not replaced, but this view helps separate sub-problems in the estimation of HO2 and P(O3). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photochemical smog
KW  - Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Ozone -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Radicals (Chemistry)
KW  - New York (N.Y.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemical mechanisms
KW  - New York City
KW  - Ozone abatement
KW  - Smog
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 55477438; Chatfield, Robert B. 1; Email Address: robert.b.chatfield@nasa.gov; Ren, Xinrong 2; Brune, William 3; Schwab, James 4; Affiliations: 1: Earth Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmos. Science, Univ. of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA; 3: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 4: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203, USA; Issue Info: Dec2010, Vol. 44 Issue 40, p5395; Thesaurus Term: Photochemical smog; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Formaldehyde; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Subject Term: Ozone -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Radicals (Chemistry); Subject: New York (N.Y.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemical mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: New York City; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone abatement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric ozone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vernier, J. P.
AU  - Pommereau, J. P.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Garnier, A.
AU  - Deshler, T.
AU  - Jumelet, J.
AU  - Nielsen, J. K.
T1  - Overshooting of clean tropospheric air in the tropical lower stratosphere as seen by the CALIPSO lidar.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 192
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The evolution of aerosols in the tropical upper troposphere/lower stratosphere between June 2006 and October 2009 is examined using the observations of the space borne CALIOP lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite. Superimposed on several volcanic plumes and soot from an extreme biomass-burning event in 2009, the measurements reveal the existence of fast cleansing episodes of the lower stratosphere to altitudes as high as 20 km. The cleansing of the full 14--20 km layer takes place within 1--4months. Its coincidence with the maximum of convective activity in the southern tropics, suggests that the cleansing is the result of a large number of overshooting towers, injecting aerosol-poor tropospheric air into the lower stratosphere. The enhancements of aerosols at the tropopause level during the NH summer may be due to the same transport process but associated with intense sources of aerosols at the surface. Since, the tropospheric air flux derived from CALIOP observations during North Hemisphere winter is 5--20 times larger than the slow ascent by radiative heating usually assumed, the observations suggest that convective overshooting is a major contributor to troposphere-to-stratosphere transport with concommitant implications to the Tropical Tropopause Layer top height, chemistry and thermal structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Volcanic plumes
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Northern Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 65919638; Vernier, J. P. 1,2; Email Address: jeanpaul.vernier@nasa.gov; Pommereau, J. P. 2; Thomason, L. W. 1; Pelon, J. 2; Garnier, A. 2; Deshler, T. 3; Jumelet, J. 2; Nielsen, J. K. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 2: LATMOS, CNRS-INSU, UMR 8190, Université de Versailles St. Quentin, Université de Paris 6, France; 3: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, USA; 4: Danish Meteorological Institute, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p163; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Volcanic plumes; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject: Northern Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 30p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-163-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Naughton, C. S. Mc
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Freitag, S.
AU  - Kapustin, V. N.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Moteki, N.
AU  - Sahu, L.
AU  - Takegawa, N.
AU  - Schwarz, J. P.
AU  - Spackman, J. R.
AU  - Watts, L.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Podolske, J.
AU  - Holloway, J. S.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - de Gouw, J.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Jimenez, J.
AU  - Cubison, M.
T1  - Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the 2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1543
EP  - 1594
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In the spring of 2008 NASA and NOAA funded the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns as contributions to POLARCAT, a core IPY activity. During the campaigns the NASA DC-8, P-3B and NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted over 150 h of in-situ sampling between 0.1 and 12 km throughout the Western Arctic north of 55° N (i.e. Alaska to Greenland). All aircraft were equipped with multiple wavelength measurements of aerosol optics, trace gas and aerosol chemistry measurements, as well as direct measurements of black carbon mass and the aerosol size distribution. Late April of 2008 proved to be exceptional in terms of Asian biomass burning emissions transported to the Western Arctic. Though these smoke plumes account for only 11--14% of the samples within the Western Arctic domain, they account for 43--47% of the total burden of black carbon. Light absorbing carbon from urban/industrial activities and biomass burning together account for 93--98%of total light absorption in the middle troposphere. Light absorption by mineral dust accounts for the remaining absorption in the middle troposphere, but up to 14% near the surface and in the upper troposphere below the tropopause. Stratifying the data to reduce the influence of dust allows us to determine mass absorption efficiencies for black carbon of 11.2±0.8, 9.5±0.6 and 7.4±0.7m² g-1 at 470, 530 and 660 nm wavelengths. These estimates are consistent with 35--80% enhancements in 530 nm absorption due to clear or slightly absorbing coatings of pure black carbon particulate. Assuming a 1/λ wavelength dependence for BC absorption, and assuming that refractory aerosol (420 °C, &#x03C4=0.1 s) in low-dust samples is dominated by brown carbon, we derive mass absorption efficiencies for brown carbon of 0.83&plusmn;0.15 and 0.27±0.08 m² g-1 at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths. Estimates for the mass absorption efficiencies of Asian Dust are 0.034 m² g-1 and 0.017 m² g-1. However the values are highly uncertain due to the limitations imposed by PSAP instrument noise. In-situ ARCTAS/ARCPAC measurements during the IPY provide valuable constraints for absorbing aerosol over the Western Arctic, species which are currently poorly simulated over a region that is critically under-sampled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Carbon-black
KW  - Sampling (Statistics)
KW  - Smoke plumes in meteorology
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 65919636; Naughton, C. S. Mc 1; Email Address: csmcnaug@hawaii.edu; Clarke, A. D. 1; Freitag, S. 1; Kapustin, V. N. 1; Kondo, Y. 2; Moteki, N. 2; Sahu, L. 2; Takegawa, N. 2; Schwarz, J. P. 3; Spackman, J. R. 3; Watts, L. 3; Diskin, G. 4; Podolske, J. 5; Holloway, J. S. 3; Wisthaler, A. 6; Mikoviny, T. 6; de Gouw, J. 3; Warneke, C. 3,7; Jimenez, J. 7; Cubison, M. 8; Affiliations: 1: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; 2: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 3: Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Mo?ett Field, CA, USA; 6: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria; 7: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado Boulder, USA; 8: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado, Boulder, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1543; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Carbon-black; Subject Term: Sampling (Statistics); Subject Term: Smoke plumes in meteorology; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration ; Company/Entity: United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 52p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 12 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-1543-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of Promethazine and Midodrine on Orthostatic Tolerance.
AU  - Shang-Jin Shi
AU  - Platts, Steven H.
AU  - Ziegler, Mjchael C.
AU  - Meck, Janice V.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 82
IS  - 1
SP  - 9
EP  - 12
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 57459158; Author: Shang-Jin Shi: 1 Author: Platts, Steven H.: 1 Author: Ziegler, Mjchael C.: 1 Author: Meck, Janice V.: 1 email: janice.v.meck@NASA.gov. ; Author Affiliation: 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; No. of Pages: 4; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20110122
N2  - Introduction: Astronauts experience both orthostatic hypotension and space motion sickness during re-entry. Midodrine, an al-adrenergic agonist, is used to treat orthostatic hypotension. Promethazine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, is prescribed for space motion sickness. Many astronauts need both midodrine and promethazine. This study evaluated the interactive effects of midodrine and promethazine on hemodynamic responses to upright tilt. Methods: Subjects (5 men; 3 women) were studied four times: control (no drug); midodrine only; promethazinc only; or midodrine plus promethazine. Hemodynamic parameters, plasma norepinephrine, renin activity, and aldosterone were measured supine and upright. Results: Rates of presyncope were 38% with no drug; 0% with midodrine alone; 100% with proniethazine alone; and 63% with both drugs. Supine to upright decreases in systolic pressure were greater with promethazine alone than control (P < 0.01); midodrine (P < 0.05) or both drugs (P < 0.05). Supine to upright increases in plasma norepinephrine, renin activity, and aldosterone all were significantly reduced with promethazine alone compared to control (P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.05) and midodrine alone (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). Cardiac output fell more with promethazine alone than with no drug (P < 0.05) or with midodrine plus promethazine (P < 0.05). Discussion: Promethazine significantly increased the incidence of orthostatic hypotension in subjects, even when combined with midodrine. Inhibition of sympathetic responses, likely via enhancement of the inhibitive effects of GABA, by promethazine may underlie the increased orthostatic hypotension. Promethazine also appears to inhibit responses of the renin angiotensisn system during orthostatic challenge. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *SYMPATHETIC nervous system
KW  - *RENIN-angiotensin system
KW  - *ALDOSTERONE
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - GABA
KW  - SYNTHESIS
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - MIDODRINE
KW  - PROMETHAZINE
KW  - astronauts
KW  - H1-receptor antagonist
KW  - renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
KW  - sympathetic nervous system
KW  - upright tilt
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolper, David
AU  - Jamison, Julian
AU  - Newth, David
AU  - Harre, Michael
T1  - Strategic Choice of Preferences: the Persona Model.
JO  - B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics: Topics in Theoretical Economics
JF  - B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics: Topics in Theoretical Economics
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 37
SN  - 1534598X
AB  - Recent work in several fields has established that humans can adopt binding "behavioral" preferences and convincingly signal those preferences to other humans, either via their behavior or via their body language / tone of voice. In this paper, we model the strategic implications of this ability. Our thesis is that through a person's lifetime they (perhaps subconsciously) learn what such signaled, binding behavioral preferences result in the highest value of their actual preferences, given the resultant behavior of other players. We argue that this "persona" model may explain why many interpersonal preferences have the particular form they do. As an illustration, we use the persona model to explain cooperation in non-repeated versions of the Prisoner's Dilemma (PD). We also provide quantitative predictions to distinguish this explanation of cooperation from simply assuming people have actual preferences biased towards cooperation. In particular, we show that the persona model predicts a "crowding out" phenomenon in the PD, in which introducing incentives to cooperate causes players to stop cooperating instead. We also use the persona model to predict a tradeoff between the robustness of cooperation in the PD and the benefit of that cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics: Topics in Theoretical Economics is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERSONA (Psychoanalysis)
KW  - PRISONER'S dilemma game
KW  - PREFERENCES (Philosophy)
KW  - EMOTIONS (Philosophy)
KW  - BODY language
KW  - emotions
KW  - evolution of preferences
KW  - non-rationality
KW  - Prisoner's Dilemma
KW  - schelling
KW  - single shot games
KW  - Traveler's Dilemma
N1  - Accession Number: 74726900; Wolper, David 1; Email Address: dhw@santafe.edu; Jamison, Julian 2; Email Address: julison@gmail.com; Newth, David 3; Email Address: david.newth@csiro.au; Harre, Michael 4; Email Address: mike.harre@gmail.com; Affiliations: 1: Santa Fe Institute, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and NASA Ames Research Center; 2: Yale University; 3: The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO); 4: University of Sydney; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 1, preceding p1; Subject Term: PERSONA (Psychoanalysis); Subject Term: PRISONER'S dilemma game; Subject Term: PREFERENCES (Philosophy); Subject Term: EMOTIONS (Philosophy); Subject Term: BODY language; Author-Supplied Keyword: emotions; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution of preferences; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-rationality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prisoner's Dilemma; Author-Supplied Keyword: schelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: single shot games; Author-Supplied Keyword: Traveler's Dilemma; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldblatt, C.
AU  - Zahnle, K. J.
T1  - Clouds and the Faint Young Sun Paradox.
JO  - Climate of the Past
JF  - Climate of the Past
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 220
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18149324
AB  - We investigate the role which clouds could play in resolving the Faint Young Sun Paradox (FYSP). Lower solar luminosity in the past means that less energy was absorbed on Earth (a forcing of -50Wm-2 during the late Archean), but geological evidence points to the Earth having been at least as warm as it is today, with only very occasional glaciations. We perform radiative calculations on a single global mean atmospheric column. We select a nominal set of three layered, randomly overlapping clouds, which are both consistent with observed cloud climatologies and reproduced the observed global mean energy budget of Earth. By varying the fraction, thickness, height and particle size of these clouds we conduct a wide exploration of how changed clouds could affect climate, thus constraining how clouds could contribute to resolving the FYSP. Low clouds reflect sunlight but have little greenhouse effect. Removing them entirely gives a forcing of +25Wm-2 whilst more modest reduction in their efficacy gives a forcing of +10 to +15Wm-2. For high clouds, the greenhouse effect dominates. It is possible to generate +50Wm-2 forcing from enhancing these, but this requires making them 3.5 times thicker and 14K colder than the standard high cloud in our nominal set and expanding their coverage to 100% of the sky. Such changes are not credible. More plausible changes would generate no more than +15Wm-2 forcing. Thus neither fewer low clouds nor more high clouds can provide enough forcing to resolve the FYSP. Decreased surface albedo can contribute no more than +5Wm-2 forcing. Some models which have been applied to the FYSP do not include clouds at all. These overestimate the forcing due to increased CO2 by 20 to 25% when pCO2 is 0.01 to 0.1 bar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate of the Past is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Effect of solar activity on climatic changes
KW  - Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Earth (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 65541675; Goldblatt, C. 1,2; Email Address: cgoldbla@uw.edu; Zahnle, K. J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p203; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Effect of solar activity on climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse effect (Atmosphere); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/cp-7-203-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=65541675&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
T1  - Cyanobacteria and chloroflexi-dominated hypolithic colonization of quartz at the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile.
JO  - Extremophiles
JF  - Extremophiles
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14310651
AB  - Quartz stones are ubiquitous in deserts and are a substrate for hypoliths, microbial colonists of the underside of such stones. These hypoliths thrive where extreme temperature and moisture stress limit the occurrence of higher plant and animal life. Several studies have reported the occurrence of green hypolithic colonization dominated by cyanobacteria. Here, we describe a novel red hypolithic colonization from Yungay, at the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert in Chile. Comparative analysis of green and red hypoliths from this site revealed markedly different microbial community structure as revealed by 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Green hypoliths were dominated by cyanobacteria ( Chroococcidiopsis and Nostocales phylotypes), whilst the red hypolith was dominated by a taxonomically diverse group of chloroflexi. Heterotrophic phylotypes common to all hypoliths were affiliated largely to desiccation-tolerant taxa within the Actinobacteria and Deinococci. Alphaproteobacterial phylotypes that affiliated with nitrogen-fixing taxa were unique to green hypoliths, whilst Gemmatimonadetes phylotypes occurred only on red hypolithon. Other heterotrophic phyla recovered with very low frequency were assumed to represent functionally relatively unimportant taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Extremophiles is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Quartz
KW  - Heterotrophic bacteria
KW  - Atacama (Chile)
KW  - Chile
KW  - Ancash (Peru)
KW  - Peru
KW  - Atacama
KW  - Chloroflexi
KW  - Chroococcidiopsis
KW  - Desert
KW  - Hyper-arid
KW  - Hypolith
N1  - Accession Number: 57190512; Lacap, Donnabella C. 1; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 2; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Email Address: pointing@hku.hk; Affiliations: 1: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; 2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jan2011, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p31; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Cyanobacteria; Subject Term: Quartz; Subject Term: Heterotrophic bacteria; Subject: Atacama (Chile); Subject: Chile; Subject: Ancash (Peru); Subject: Peru; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chloroflexi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chroococcidiopsis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyper-arid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypolith; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00792-010-0334-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=57190512&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giri, C.
AU  - Ochieng, E.
AU  - Tieszen, L. L.
AU  - Zhu, Z.
AU  - Singh, A.
AU  - Loveland, T.
AU  - Masek, J.
AU  - Duke, N.
T1  - Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data.
JO  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
JF  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 159
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 1466822X
AB  - Our scientific understanding of the extent and distribution of mangrove forests of the world is inadequate. The available global mangrove databases, compiled using disparate geospatial data sources and national statistics, need to be improved. Here, we mapped the status and distributions of global mangroves using recently available Global Land Survey (GLS) data and the Landsat archive. We interpreted approximately 1000 Landsat scenes using hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. Each image was normalized for variation in solar angle and earth-sun distance by converting the digital number values to the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance. Ground truth data and existing maps and databases were used to select training samples and also for iterative labelling. Results were validated using existing GIS data and the published literature to map 'true mangroves'. The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was 137,760 km in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Approximately 75% of world's mangroves are found in just 15 countries, and only 6.9% are protected under the existing protected areas network (IUCN I-IV). Our study confirms earlier findings that the biogeographic distribution of mangroves is generally confined to the tropical and subtropical regions and the largest percentage of mangroves is found between 5° N and 5° S latitude. We report that the remaining area of mangrove forest in the world is less than previously thought. Our estimate is 12.3% smaller than the most recent estimate by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. We present the most comprehensive, globally consistent and highest resolution (30 m) global mangrove database ever created. We developed and used better mapping techniques and data sources and mapped mangroves with better spatial and thematic details than previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Ecology & Biogeography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mangrove plants
KW  - Mangrove forests
KW  - Geological surveys
KW  - Geographical positions
KW  - Geospatial data
KW  - Digital image processing
N1  - Accession Number: 55677230; Giri, C. 1; Ochieng, E. 2; Tieszen, L. L. 3; Zhu, Z. 4; Singh, A. 5; Loveland, T. 3; Masek, J. 6; Duke, N. 7; Affiliations: 1: ARSC Research and Technology Solutions, contractor to US Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA; 2: United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30552, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya; 3: US Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA; 4: US Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA; 5: United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC 20006, USA; 6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 7: Centre for Marine Studies, Marine Botany Group, c/- Gehrmann Building (60), Level 8, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Issue Info: Jan2011, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p154; Thesaurus Term: Mangrove plants; Thesaurus Term: Mangrove forests; Subject Term: Geological surveys; Subject Term: Geographical positions; Subject Term: Geospatial data; Subject Term: Digital image processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=55677230&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Ayanna M.
AU  - Jones, Brandon M.
AU  - Serrano, Navid
T1  - Integrated Sensing for Entry, Descent, and Landing of a Robotic Spacecraft.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 304
SN  - 00189251
AB  - We present an integrated sensing approach for enabling autonomous landing of a robotic spacecraft on a hazardous terrain surface; this approach is active during the spacecraft descent profile. The methodology incorporates an image transformation algorithm to interpret temporal imagery land data, perform real-time detection and avoidance of terrain hazards that may impede safe landing, and increase the accuracy of landing at a desired site of interest using landmark localization techniques. By integrating a linguistic rule-based engine with linear algebra and computer vision techniques, the approach suitably addresses inherent uncertainty in the hazard assessment process while ensuring computational simplicity for real-time implementation during spacecraft descent. The proposed approach is able to identify new hazards as they emerge and also remember the locations of past hazards that might impede spacecraft landing. We provide details of the methodology in this paper and present simulation results of the approach applied to a representative Mars landing descent profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE robotics
KW  - LINEAR algebras
KW  - COMPUTER vision
KW  - MARS landing sites
N1  - Accession Number: 58767553; Howard, Ayanna M. 1; Jones, Brandon M. 2; Serrano, Navid 3; Affiliations: 1: Georgia Institute of Technology; 2: Boeing Satellite Development Center; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: Jan2011, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p295; Thesaurus Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Subject Term: LINEAR algebras; Subject Term: COMPUTER vision; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705676
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=58767553&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yongxin Zhang
AU  - Shan Sun
AU  - Olsen, Seth C.
AU  - Dubey, Manvendra K.
AU  - Jinhai He
T1  - CCSM3 simulated regional effects of anthropogenic aerosols for two contrasting scenarios: rising Asian emissions and global reduction of aerosols.
JO  - International Journal of Climatology
JF  - International Journal of Climatology
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 114
SN  - 08998418
AB  - This paper examines the effects of two largely contrasting aerosol emissions scenarios on regional climate using National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate System Model version 3: (1) increasing the anthropogenic aerosols over China and India by a factor of three and (2) reducing the global anthropogenic aerosols by a factor of 10. Dynamic footprints of the increased Asian aerosols with monthly variations are obtained from Model for OZone And Related chemical Tracers simulations. Increasing Asian aerosol emissions would result in cooling and reduction of precipitation over China and India, with large warming over the USA and southern Canada in winter and cooling in summer. Additionally, large changes in rainfall rate are identified over the tropical regions. In contrast, reducing the global aerosol emissions by a factor of 10 would significantly warm the atmosphere especially over the polluted land areas of both hemispheres. Increases in rainfall over polluted land areas are also noted. Deepening of the Aleutian low and weakening of the Icelandic low in winter are noted in the 500-mb geopotential height under both scenarios suggesting a strengthening of the North Pacific storm track and weakening of the North Atlantic Oscillation. The polar regions of winter hemisphere are subject to large changes in the 500-mb geopotential height. Teleconnection patterns associated with ENSO play important roles in causing large changes in surface air temperature and rainfall far away from the source regions of the altered aerosol concentrations. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Climatology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emission exposure
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - North Atlantic oscillation
KW  - Precipitation scavenging
KW  - Precipitation variability
KW  - Asia -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Asia
KW  - aerosol effects
KW  - CCSM3
KW  - ENSO
KW  - teleconnection
N1  - Accession Number: 63597159; Yongxin Zhang 1; Email Address: yongxin.fred@gmail.com; Shan Sun 2; Olsen, Seth C. 3; Dubey, Manvendra K. 4; Jinhai He 5; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Climate Impacts Consortium, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada; 2: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York, NY, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; 4: Earth and Environmental Science Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Issue Info: Jan2011, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p95; Thesaurus Term: Emission exposure; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: North Atlantic oscillation; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation scavenging; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation variability; Subject Term: Asia -- Environmental conditions; Subject: Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosol effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: CCSM3; Author-Supplied Keyword: ENSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: teleconnection; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/joc.2060
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=63597159&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paielli, Russell A.
T1  - Evaluation of Tactical Conflict Resolution Algorithms for Enroute Airspace.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2011/01//Jan/Feb2011
Y1  - 2011/01//Jan/Feb2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 324
EP  - 330
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Algorithms for resolving air traffic conflicts are tested on archived tracking data from 102 actual operational errors (violations of minimum required separation due to controller error). The algorithms compute horizontal or vertical resolution maneuvers for tactical conflicts in which the minimum required separation is predicted to be lost within approximately two min. The horizontal maneuvers are issued as heading vectors, and the vertical maneuvers are issued as standard altitude clearances. Algorithms for the vertical resolutions were presented in an earlier paper, and algorithms for the horizontal resolutions are described in this paper. Simulation results show that these resolution algorithms could have prevented most of the archived operational errors. In some cases, the controller failed to enter an altitude amendment consistent with the voice clearance, and in eight such cases the conflict was not detected early enough to be resolved in the simulation. The correct altitude amendments were added to the recorded data for those cases (to simulate the correct entry by the controller), and successful resolution was then achieved for all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRSPACE (International law)
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - AIR traffic control
N1  - Accession Number: 59409961; Source Information: Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p324; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRSPACE (International law); Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031131
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=59409961&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kriegel, Christina
AU  - Koehne, Jessica
AU  - Tinkle, Sally
AU  - Maynard, Andrew D.
AU  - Hill, Rodney A.
T1  - Challenges of Trainees in a Multidisciplinary Research Program: Nano-Biotechnology.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Education
JF  - Journal of Chemical Education
J1  - Journal of Chemical Education
PY  - 2011/01//
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 88
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 55
SN  - 00219584
AB  - The article offers information related to multidisciplinary graduate education in nanotechnology field, considering trainees' challenges. It states that besides from different course curriculum, approaches to multidisciplinary training offer disadvantages and advantages to students. It says that unlike other graduate students, participants in multidisciplinary research get more courses from many departments. Meanwhile, training scientists in various disciplines has provided positive outcome.
KW  - INTERDISCIPLINARY approach in education
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY -- Study & teaching
KW  - UNIVERSITIES & colleges -- Graduate work
KW  - NANOSCIENCE -- Research
KW  - GRADUATE students in science -- Training of
N1  - Accession Number: 57153012; Source Information: Jan2011, Vol. 88 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: INTERDISCIPLINARY approach in education; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: UNIVERSITIES & colleges -- Graduate work; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE -- Research; Subject Term: GRADUATE students in science -- Training of; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1021/ed100l174
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=trh&AN=57153012&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - trh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
AU  - Healy, Alice
T1  - The effects of spatial representation on memory for verbal navigation instructions.
JO  - Memory & Cognition
JF  - Memory & Cognition
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 62
SN  - 0090502X
AB  - Three experiments investigated effects of mental spatial representation on memory for verbal navigation instructions. The navigation instructions referred to a grid of stacked matrices displayed on a computer screen or on paper, with or without depth cues, and presented as two-dimensional diagrams or a three-dimensional physical model. Experimental instructions either did or did not promote a three-dimensional mental representation of the space. Subjects heard navigation instructions, immediately repeated them, and then followed them manually on the grid. In all display and experimental instruction conditions, memory for the navigation instructions was reduced when the task required mentally representing a three-dimensional space, with movements across multiple matrices, as compared with a two-dimensional space, with movements within a single matrix, even though the words in the navigation instructions were identical in all cases. The findings demonstrate that the mental representation of the space influences immediate verbatim memory for navigation instructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Memory & Cognition is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - RESEARCH -- Finance
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - DEPTH perception
KW  - FACTOR analysis
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - ORIENTATION
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - SPEECH perception
KW  - UNDERGRADUATES
KW  - COLORADO
KW  - Aviation
KW  - Communication
KW  - Memory
KW  - Spatial cognition
N1  - Accession Number: 64881269; Barshi, Immanuel 1; Email Address: Immanuel.Barshi@nasa.gov; Healy, Alice 2; Email Address: Alice.Healy@Colorado.edu; Affiliations: 1: Human System Integration Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, NASA-ARC Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; 2: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger Building, 345 UCB Boulder 80309-0345 USA; Issue Info: Jan2011, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p47; Thesaurus Term: AIRPLANES; Thesaurus Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Thesaurus Term: COMMUNICATION; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: DEPTH perception; Subject Term: FACTOR analysis; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: ORIENTATION; Subject Term: SPACE perception; Subject Term: SPEECH perception; Subject Term: UNDERGRADUATES; Subject: COLORADO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aviation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial cognition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3758/s13421-010-0024-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=64881269&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104678204
T1  - The effects of spatial representation on memory for verbal navigation instructions.
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
AU  - Healy, Alice
Y1  - 2011/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 104678204. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110826. Revision Date: 20160328. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology. Grant Information: The research reported here was supported in part by contracts DASW01-96-K-0010, DASW01-99-K-0002, and DASW01-03-K-0002 from the Army Research Institute, by grants DAAH04-95-I-0208 and W911NF-05-0153 from the Army Research Office, and by grants NCC2-1112, NNA05CS42A, NNA07CN59A, and NNX10AC87A from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to the University of Colorado.. NLM UID: 0357443. 
KW  - Spatial Perception
KW  - Memory
KW  - Speech Perception
KW  - Communication
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Human
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Cues
KW  - Depth Perception
KW  - Students, Undergraduate
KW  - Colorado
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Factor Analysis
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Aviation
KW  - Funding Source
SP  - 47
EP  - 62
JO  - Memory & Cognition
JF  - Memory & Cognition
JA  - MEM COGNIT
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
AB  - Three experiments investigated effects of mental spatial representation on memory for verbal navigation instructions. The navigation instructions referred to a grid of stacked matrices displayed on a computer screen or on paper, with or without depth cues, and presented as two-dimensional diagrams or a three-dimensional physical model. Experimental instructions either did or did not promote a three-dimensional mental representation of the space. Subjects heard navigation instructions, immediately repeated them, and then followed them manually on the grid. In all display and experimental instruction conditions, memory for the navigation instructions was reduced when the task required mentally representing a three-dimensional space, with movements across multiple matrices, as compared with a two-dimensional space, with movements within a single matrix, even though the words in the navigation instructions were identical in all cases. The findings demonstrate that the mental representation of the space influences immediate verbatim memory for navigation instructions.
SN  - 0090-502X
AD  - Human System Integration Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, NASA-ARC Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA
AD  - Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger Building, 345 UCB Boulder 80309-0345 USA
U2  - PMID: 21264616.
DO  - 10.3758/s13421-010-0024-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104678204&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index data do not show greening of Amazon forests during the 2005 drought.
JO  - New Phytologist
JF  - New Phytologist
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 189
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 15
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 0028646X
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Amazon forests green-up during 2005 drought," by S. R. Saleska and colleagues.
KW  - Droughts
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Amazon
KW  - drought
KW  - rainforests
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - sensitivity
N1  - Accession Number: 55512183; Samanta, Arindam 1; Email Address: arindam.sam@gmail.com; Ganguly, Sangram 2; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jan2011, Vol. 189 Issue 1, p11; Thesaurus Term: Droughts; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: rainforests; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensitivity; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03516.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=55512183&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, Bernhard H.
AU  - Haller, Harold S.
T1  - Combining Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis Data with Experimentally Measured Data.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2011/01//Jan-Mar2011
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 58
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08982112
AB  - This article presents an approach to reducing the time and cost of experimentation in large wind tunnels, such as the 10 × 10 ft. supersonic wind tunnel at NASA Glenn Research Center, by combining computer simulations of test models from Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes analysis with small sets of wind tunnel data. To demonstrate the viability of the approach, the impact of microramp flow control on the shock wave boundary layer interaction using paired sets of data from both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and experimental measurements was compared. By combining the CFD results consisting of 15 central composite face-centered (CCF) simulations with a smaller subset of four/five experimental wind tunnel cases, augmented, interlocking combined data sets were generated from which models were developed that allow the prediction of wind tunnel results. No statistically significant differences were found to exist between the predictions from models generated using the augmented interlocking data sets and the models generated using the complete set of 15 wind tunnel cases based on a paired t-test. From an engineering perspective, the same optimal microramp configuration was obtained using models derived from the combined data set as obtained with the complete set of experimental wind tunnel data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - CFD
KW  - D-optimal
KW  - data scaling
KW  - DOE
KW  - interlocking DOE
KW  - multiple regression
KW  - scale-up
N1  - Accession Number: 55656814; Anderson, Bernhard H. 1; Haller, Harold S. 2; Email Address: Halhaller@aol.com; Affiliations: 1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; 2: Statistical Consulting Center, Statistics Department, Case Western Reserve  University, and Real World Quality Systems, Cleveland, Ohio; Issue Info: Jan-Mar2011, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p46; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: D-optimal; Author-Supplied Keyword: data scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: DOE; Author-Supplied Keyword: interlocking DOE; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple regression; Author-Supplied Keyword: scale-up; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 8 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2010.505221
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=55656814&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Le Vine, David M.
AU  - Dinnat, Emmanuel P.
AU  - Jacob, S. Daniel
AU  - Abraham, Saji
AU  - de Matthaeis, Paolo
T1  - Impact of Antenna Pattern on Measurement of the Third Stokes Parameter From Space at L-Band.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/01/02/Jan2011 Supplement 1
VL  - 49
M3  - Article
SP  - 406
EP  - 414
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The third Stokes parameter will be observed from space for the first time at L-band by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity and Aquarius/SAC-D satellites. The correlation between polarizations, which is the source of the third Stokes parameter, is of interest at L-band to measure Faraday rotation and also to indicate novel features of the surface. However, spurious signals (false indication of correlation) can occur in the third Stokes parameter. For example, this happens when the radiometer crosses boundaries associated with a large change in brightness temperature, such as land–water boundaries. In this paper, calculations with the Aquarius radiometer antennas will be used to show that these spurious signals are due to the cross-polarization coupling and large beamwidth associated with realistic L-band antennas in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNA radiation patterns
KW  - FARADAY effect
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - Antenna measurements
KW  - Antennas
KW  - Faraday effect
KW  - Microwave radiometer
KW  - microwave radiometer polarimetry
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Radiometry
KW  - Sea surface
KW  - Stokes parameters
N1  - Accession Number: 62338989; Le Vine, David M. 1; Dinnat, Emmanuel P. 2; Jacob, S. Daniel 2; Abraham, Saji 3; de Matthaeis, Paolo 4; Affiliations: 1: Code 614.1 Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: Wyle Information Systems, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, USA; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: Jan2011 Supplement 1, Vol. 49, p406; Subject Term: ANTENNA radiation patterns; Subject Term: FARADAY effect; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: SALINITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Faraday effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave radiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave radiometer polarimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stokes parameters; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051953
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=62338989&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Koch, Grady J.
AU  - Rubio, Manuel
AU  - Mack, Terry L.
AU  - Notari, Anthony
AU  - Collins, James E.
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - De Young, Russell
AU  - Choi, Yonghoon
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - Backscatter 2-\mu\m Lidar Validation for Atmospheric \CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/01/02/Jan2011 Supplement 1
VL  - 49
M3  - Article
SP  - 572
EP  - 580
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A 2-\mu\m backscatter lidar system has been developed by utilizing tunable pulsed laser and infrared phototransistor for the transmitter and the receiver, respectively. To validate the system, the 2-\mu\m atmospheric backscatter profiles were compared to profiles obtained at 1 and 0.5 \mu\m using avalanche photodiode and photomultiplier tube, respectively. Consequently, a methodology is proposed to compare the performance of different lidar systems operating at different wavelengths through various detection technologies. The methodology is based on extracting the system equivalent detectivity and comparing it to that of the detectors, as well as the ideal background detectivity. Besides, the 2- \mu\m system capability for atmospheric \CO2 temporal profiling using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique was demonstrated. This was achieved by tuning the laser at slightly different wavelengths around the \CO2 R22 absorption line in the 2.05-\mu\m band. \CO2 temporal profiles were also compared to in situ measurements. Preliminary results indicated average mixing ratios close to 390 ppm in the atmospheric boundary layer with 3.0% precision. The development of this system is an initial step for developing a high-resolution, high-precision direct-detection atmospheric \CO2 DIAL system. A successful development of this system would be a valuable tool in obtaining and validating global atmospheric \CO2 measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - LASER beams
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR lasers
KW  - TUNABLE lasers
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - AVALANCHE photodiodes
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Atmospheric waves
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - carbon dioxide
KW  - Detectors
KW  - infrared
KW  - Laser radar
KW  - lidar
KW  - Measurement by laser beam
KW  - Noise
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Semiconductor lasers
N1  - Accession Number: 62338991; Refaat, Tamer F. 1; Ismail, Syed 2; Koch, Grady J. 3; Rubio, Manuel 2; Mack, Terry L. 4; Notari, Anthony 5; Collins, James E. 5; Lewis, Jasper 6; De Young, Russell 2; Choi, Yonghoon 6; Abedin, M. Nurul 2; Singh, Upendra N. 2; Affiliations: 1: Applied Research Center, Old Dominion University, Newport News, VA , USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; 4: Lockheed Martin, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Science Systems & Application, Inc., Hampton, USA; 6: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Jan2011 Supplement 1, Vol. 49, p572; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR lasers; Subject Term: TUNABLE lasers; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: AVALANCHE photodiodes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement by laser beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semiconductor lasers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2055874
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
AU  - Andersen, Dale
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Marinova, Margarita
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Stability of massive ground ice bodies in University Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Using stable O–H isotope as tracers of sublimation in hyper-arid regions
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2011/01/03/
VL  - 301
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 403
EP  - 411
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: To date, studies of the stability of subsurface ice in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica have been mainly based on climate-based vapor diffusion models. In University Valley (1800m), a small glacier is found at the base of the head of the valley, and adjacent to the glacier, a buried body of massive ice was uncovered beneath 20–40cm of loose cryotic sediments and sandstone boulders. This study assesses the origin and stability of the buried body of massive ice by measuring the geochemistry and stable O–H isotope composition of the ice and applies a sublimation and molecular diffusion model that accounts for the observed trends. The results indicate that the buried massive ice body represents an extension of the adjacent glacier that was buried by a rock avalanche during a cold climate period. The contrasting δ18O profiles and regression slope values between the uppermost 6cm of the buried massive ice (upward convex δ18O profile and S D-18O =5.1) and that below it (progressive increase in δ18O and S D-18O =6.4) suggest independent post-depositional processes affected the isotope composition of the ice. The upward convex δ18O profile in the uppermost 6cm is consistent with the ice undergoing sublimation. Using a sublimation and molecular diffusion model, and assuming that diffusion occurred through solid ice, the sublimation rate needed to fit the measured δ18O profile is 0.2 ⋅ 10−3 mm yr−1, a value that is more similar to net ice removal rates derived from 3He data from cobbles in Beacon Valley till (7.0 ⋅ 10−3 mm yr−1) than sublimation rates computed based on current climate (0.1–0.2mm yr−1). We suggest that the climate-based sublimation rates are offset due to potential ice recharge mechanisms or to missing parameters, particularly the nature and thermo-physical properties of the overlying sediments (i.e., temperature, humidity, pore structure and ice content, grain size). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Glaciers
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Ice -- Antarctica
KW  - Sublimation (Chemistry)
KW  - Hydrogen isotopes
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - massive ground ice
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys
KW  - permafrost
KW  - stable O–H isotopes
KW  - sublimation
N1  - Accession Number: 56499326; Lacelle, Denis 1; Email Address: denis.lacelle@gmail.com; Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3; Pollard, Wayne H. 4; Andersen, Dale 2; Heldmann, Jennifer 3; Marinova, Margarita 3; McKay, Christopher P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 2: SETI Institute/Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, Mountain View, California, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California, USA; 4: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Issue Info: Jan2011, Vol. 301 Issue 1/2, p403; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Thesaurus Term: Glaciers; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Subject Term: Ice -- Antarctica; Subject Term: Sublimation (Chemistry); Subject Term: Hydrogen isotopes; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: massive ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: McMurdo Dry Valleys; Author-Supplied Keyword: permafrost; Author-Supplied Keyword: stable O–H isotopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: sublimation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=56499326&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KE DU
AU  - ROOD, MARK J.
AU  - WELTON, ELLSWORTH J.
AU  - VARMA, RAVI M.
AU  - HASHMONAY, RAM A.
AU  - KIM, BYUNG J.
AU  - KEMME, MICHAEL R.
T1  - Optical Remote Sensing To Quantify Fugitive Particulate Mass Emissions from Stationary Short-Term and Mobile Continuous Sources: Part I. Method and Examples.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 658
EP  - 665
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - The emissions of particulate matter (PM) from anthropogenic sources raise public concern. A new method is described here that was developed to complete in situ rapid response measurements of PM mass emissions from fugitive dust sources by use of optical remote sensing (ORS) and an anemometer. The ORS system consists of one ground-based micropulse light detection and ranging (MPL) device that was mounted on a positioner, two open path-Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers, and two open path-laser transmissometers (OP-LT). An algorithm was formulated to compute PM light extinction profiles along each of the plume's cross sections that were determined with the MPL. Size-specific PM mass emission factors were then calculated by integrating the light extinction profiles with particle mass extinction efficiencies (determined with the OP-FTIRs/OP-LTs) and the wind's speed and direction. This method also quantifies the spatial and temporal variability of the plume's PM mass concentrations across each of the plume's cross sections. Example results from three field studies are also described to demonstrate how this new method is used to determine mass emission factors as well as characterize the dust plumes' horizontal and vertical dimensions and temporal variability of the PM's mass concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Environmental research
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Anemometer
KW  - Dust -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 57994759; KE DU 1; Email Address: kdu@iue.ac.cn; ROOD, MARK J. 2; WELTON, ELLSWORTH J. 3; VARMA, RAVI M. 4; HASHMONAY, RAM A. 5; KIM, BYUNG J. 6; KEMME, MICHAEL R. 6; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, United States.; 3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States.; 4: Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut 673601, India.; 5: Environ, 88 VilCom Circle, Suite 185, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States.; 6: Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61826-9005, United States.; Issue Info: 1/15/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p658; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Environmental research; Subject Term: Particulate matter; Subject Term: Anemometer; Subject Term: Dust -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es101904q
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=57994759&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pfister, G. G.
AU  - Avise, J.
AU  - Wiedinmyer, C.
AU  - Edwards, D. P.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Diskin, G. D.
AU  - Podolske, J.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
T1  - CO source contribution analysis for California during ARCTAS-CARB.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 3627
EP  - 3661
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Air pollution is of concern in many parts of California and is impacted by both local emissions and also by pollution inflow from the Pacific. In this study, we use the regional chemical transport model WRF-Chem V3.2 to examine the CO budget over California. We include model CO tracers for different emission sources in the model, which allow estimating the relative importance of local sources versus pollution inflow on the distribution of CO at the surface and in the free troposphere. The focus of our study is on the 15 June-15 July 2008 time period, which coincides with the aircraft deployment of the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission over California. Model simulations are evaluated using these aircraft observations as well as satellite retrievals and surface observations of CO. Evaluation results show that the model overall predicts the observed CO fields well, but points towards an underestimate of CO from the fires in Northern California, which had a strong influence during the study period, and towards a slight overestimate of CO from pollution inflow and local anthropogenic sources. The analysis of the CO budget over California reveals that inflow of CO explains on average 53±21% of surface CO during the study period, compared to 22±18%for local anthropogenic sources and 18±22% for ?res. In the free troposphere, the average CO contributions are estimated as 78±16% for CO inflow, 6±4% for CO from local anthropogenic sources and 11±13% for CO from fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - California
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 67476771; Pfister, G. G. 1; Email Address: pfister@ucar.edu; Avise, J. 2; Wiedinmyer, C. 1; Edwards, D. P. 1; Emmons, L. K. 1; Diskin, G. D. 3; Podolske, J. 4; Wisthaler, A. 5; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA; 3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Institute for Ion Physics & Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p3627; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject: California; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-3627-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=67476771&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harrigan, D. L.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Simpson, I. J.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
T1  - Transport of anthropogenic emissions during ARCTAS-A: a climatology and regional case studies.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 5435
EP  - 5491
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission during 2008 as a part of the International Polar Year (IPY). The purpose of ARCTAS was to study the factors responsible for changes in the Arctic's atmospheric composition and climate. A major emphasis was to investigate Arctic haze, which is most pronounced during winter and early spring. This study focuses on the spring phase of ARCTAS (ARCTAS-A) that was based in Alaska during April 2008. Although anthropogenic emissions historically have been associated with Arctic haze, biomass burning dominated the ARCTAS-A period and has been the focus of many ARCTAS related studies. This study determines the common pathways for anthropogenic emissions during ARCTAS-A. Trajectories (air parcels) are released each day from three historically significant regions of anthropogenic emissions (Asia, North America, and Europe). These fifteen day forward trajectories are calculated using data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at 45 km horizontal resolution. The trajectories then are examined to determine: origins of emissions that reach the Arctic (defined as north of 70° N) within fifteen days, pathways of the emissions reaching the Arctic, Arctic entry locations, and altitudes at which the trajectories enter the Arctic. These results serve as regional "climatologies" for the ARCTAS-A period. Three cases during the ARCTAS-A period (one for each of the regions above) are examined using backward trajectories and chemical fingerprinting based on in situ data sampled from the NASA DC-8. The fingerprinting utilizes volatile organic compounds that represent pure anthropogenic tracers, Asian anthropogenic pollution, incomplete combustion, and natural gas emissions. We determine flight legs containing anthropogenic emissions and the pathways travelled by these emissions. Results show that the DC-8 sampled anthropogenic emissions from Asia, North America, and Europe during the spring phase of ARCTAS. The pathways travelled by these emissions agree with our derived "climatologies" and previous studies of Arctic transport. Meteorological analysis and trajectory calculations indicate that middle latitude cyclones and their associated warm conveyor belts play an important role in lofting the surface based emissions to their sampling altitude in all three cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Case studies
KW  - International Polar Year, 2007-2008
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 67476817; Harrigan, D. L. 1,2; Fuelberg, H. E. 1; Email Address: hfuelberg@fsu.edu; Simpson, I. J. 3; Blake, D. R. 3; Carmichael, G. R. 4; Diskin, G. S. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 4: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p5435; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Case studies; Subject Term: International Polar Year, 2007-2008; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 57p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-5435-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tilmes, S.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Law, K. S.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Paris, J.-D.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Streets, D. G.
AU  - Wiedinmyer, C.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Holloway, J.
AU  - Schwarz, J. P.
AU  - Spackman, J. R.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Nédélec, P.
AU  - Panchenko, M. V.
T1  - Source contributions to Northern Hemisphere CO and black carbon during spring and summer 2008 from POLARCAT and START08/preHIPPO observations and MOZART-4.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 5935
EP  - 5983
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Anthropogenic pollution and wildfires are main producers of carbon monoxide (CO) and black carbon (BC) in the Northern Hemisphere. High concentrations of these compounds are transported into the Arctic troposphere, influencing the ecosystem in high northern latitudes and the global climate. The global chemical transport model MOZART-4 is used to quantify the seasonal evolution of the contribution of CO and BC from different source regions in spring and summer 2008 by tagging their emissions. Aircraft observations from the POLARCAT experiments, in particular NASA ARCTAS, NOAA ARCPAC, POLARCAT-France, DLR GRACE and YAK-AEROSIB, as well as the NSF START08/preHIPPO experiments during Spring-Summer 2008 are combined to quantify the representation of simulated tracer characteristics in anthropogenic and fire plumes. In general, the model reproduces CO and BC well. Based on aircraft measurements and FLEXPART back-trajectories, the altitude contribution of emissions coming from different source regions is well captured in the model. Uncertainties of the MOZART-4 model are identified by comparing the data with model results on the flight tracks and using MOPITT satellite observations. Anthropogenic emissions are underestimated by about 10% in high northern latitudes in spring, and shortcomings exist in simulating fire plumes. The remote impact of East-Siberian fire emissions is underestimated for spring, whereas the impact of Southeast Asian fire emissions to mid-latitude CO values is overestimated by the model. In summer, mid-latitude CO values agree well between model and observations, whereas summer high latitude East-Siberian fire emissions in the model are overestimated by 20% in comparison to observations in the region. On the other hand, CO concentrations are underestimated by about 30% over Alaska and Canada at altitudes above 4 km. BC values are overestimated by the model at altitudes above 4 km in summer. Based on MOZART-4, with tagged CO and BC tracers, anthropogenic emissions of Asia, Europe and the US have the largest contribution to the CO and BC in mid- and high latitudes in spring and summer. Southeast Asian, Chinese and Indian fires have a large impact on CO pollution in spring in low latitudes with a maximum between 20° and 30° N, whereas Siberian fires contribute largely to the pollution in high latitudes, up to 10% in spring and up to 30% in summer. The largest contributions to BC values in high latitudes are from anthropogenic emissions (about 70%). CO and BC have larger mass loadings in April than in July, as a result of photochemistry and dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Seasons
KW  - Chemical models
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - Northern Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 67476828; Tilmes, S. 1; Email Address: tilmes@ucar.edu; Emmons, L. K. 1; Law, K. S. 2; Ancellet, G. 2; Schlager, H. 3; Paris, J.-D. 4; Fuelberg, H. E. 5; Streets, D. G. 6; Wiedinmyer, C. 1; Diskin, G. S. 7; Kondo, Y. 8; Holloway, J. 9,10; Schwarz, J. P. 9,10; Spackman, J. R. 9,10; Campos, T. 1; Nédélec, P. 11; Panchenko, M. V. 12; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: LATMOS-IPSL; UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Univ. Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, Paris, France; 3: Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere, Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany; 4: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/IPSL, CNRS-CEA-UVSQ, Orme des Merisiers, CEA Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France; 5: Florida State University, USA; 6: Argonne National Laboratory, DIS/221 9700 South Cass Avenue Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 8: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; 9: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 10: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, USA; 11: Laboratoire d'Aérologie, CNRS-UPS, Toulouse, France; 12: Institute of Atmospheric Optics, SB-RAS, Tomsk, Russia; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p5935; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Subject Term: Seasons; Subject Term: Chemical models; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject: Northern Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-5935-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knobelspiesse, K.
AU  - Cairns, B.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Bergstrom, R. W.
AU  - Stohl, A.
T1  - Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and cloud properties during the MILAGRO field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 6363
EP  - 6413
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Estimation of Direct Climate Forcing (DCF) due to aerosols in cloudy areas has historically been a difficult task, mainly because of a lack of appropriate measurements. The Aerosol Polarimetry Sensor (APS), on the upcoming NASA Glory mission, has the potential to retrieve both cloud and aerosol properties because of its polarimetric, multiple view angle, and multi spectral observations. The APS airborne prototype is the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP), which has similar characteristics and can be used to demonstrate APS capabilities. In the spring of 2006, the RSP was deployed on an aircraft based in Veracruz, Mexico, as part of the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) field campaign. On March 13th, the RSP over flew an aerosol layer lofted above a low altitude marine stratocumulus cloud close to shore in the Gulf of Mexico. We investigate the feasibility of retrieving aerosol properties over clouds using these data. Our approach is to first determine cloud droplet size distribution using the angular location of the cloud bow and other features in the polarized reflectance. The selected cloud was then used in a multiple scattering radiative transfer model optimization to determine the aerosol optical properties and fine tune the cloud size distribution. In this scene, we were able to retrieve aerosol optical depth, the fine mode aerosol size distribution and the cloud droplet size distribution to a degree of accuracy required for climate modeling. This required assumptions about the aerosol vertical distribution and the optical properties of the coarse aerosol size mode. A sensitivity study was also performed to place this case study in the context of the potential for future systematic APS observations of this kind, which found that the aerosol complex refractive index can also be observed accurately if the aerosol optical depth is larger than roughly 0.8 at a wavelength of 0.555 µm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Field theory (Physics)
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Polarimetry
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 67476835; Knobelspiesse, K. 1; Email Address: kirk.d.knobelspiesse@nasa.gov; Cairns, B. 2; Redemann, J. 3,4; Bergstrom, R. W. 3; Stohl, A. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA; 3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 5: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p6363; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Field theory (Physics); Subject Term: Measurement; Subject Term: Polarimetry; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 51p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-6363-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kalafut-Pettibone, A. J.
AU  - Wang, J.
AU  - Eichinger, W. E.
AU  - Clarke, A.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Stanier, C. O.
T1  - Size-resolved aerosol emission factors and new particle formation/growth activity occurring in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 6651
EP  - 6705
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Measurements of the aerosol size distribution from 11 nm to 2.5microns were made in Mexico City in March, 2006, during the MILAGRO field campaign. Observations at the T0 research site could often be characterized by morning conditions with high particle mass concentrations, low mixing heights, and highly correlated particle number and CO2 concentrations, indicative that particle number is controlled by primary emissions. Average size-resolved and total number- and volume-based emission factors for combustion sources impacting T0 have been determined using a comparison of peak sizes in number and CO2 concentration peaks. The number emission and volume emission factors for particles from 11 nm to 494 nm are 1.23 x 1015 particles, and 7.54 x 1011 cubic microns per kg of carbon, respectively. Uncertainty on the number emission factor is approximately a factor of 1.5. The mode of the number emission factor was between 25 and 32 nm, while the mode of the volume factor was between 0.25 and 0.32 microns. These emission factors are reported as log normal model parameters and are compared with multiple emission factors from the literature. In Mexico City in the afternoon, the CO2 concentration drops during ventilation of the polluted layer, and the coupling between CO2 and particle number breaks down, especially during new particle formation events when particle number is no longer controlled by primary emissions. Using measurements of particle number and CO2 taken aboard the NASA DC-8, this emission factor was applied to the MCMA plume; the primary emission factor predicts less than 50% of the total particle number and the surplus particle count is not correlated with photochemical age. Primary particle volume and number in the size range 0.1--2 µm are similarly too low to predict the observed volume distribution. Contrary to the case for number, the apparent secondary volume increases with photo- chemical age. The size distribution of the apparent increase, with a mode at ~250 nm, is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Field theory (Physics)
KW  - Approximation theory
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 67476842; Kalafut-Pettibone, A. J. 1; Wang, J. 2; Eichinger, W. E. 3; Clarke, A. 4; Vay, S. A. 5; Blake, D. R. 6; Stanier, C. O. 7; Email Address: charles-stanier@uiowa.edu; Affiliations: 1: Chemical and Biochemical Reference Data Division, Mailstop 8320 National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; 2: Atmospheric Science Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA; 3: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 4: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 7: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p6651; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Measurement; Subject Term: Field theory (Physics); Subject Term: Approximation theory; Subject: Mexico; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 55p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-6651-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=67476842&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stutz, J.
AU  - Thomas, J. L.
AU  - Hurlock, S. C.
AU  - Schneider, M.
AU  - von Glasow, R.
AU  - Piot, M.
AU  - Gorham, K.
AU  - Burkhart, J. F.
AU  - Ziemba, L.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Lefer, B. L.
T1  - Longpath DOAS observations of surface J. Stutz et al. BrO at Summit, Greenland.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 6707
EP  - 6736
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Reactive halogens, and in particular bromine oxide (BrO), have frequently been observed in regions with large halide reservoirs, for example during bromine catalyzed coastal polar ozone depletion events. Much less is known about the presence and impact of reactive halogens in areas without obvious halide reservoirs, such as the polar ice sheets or continental snow. We report the first LP-DOAS measurements of BrO at Summit research station in the center of the Greenland ice sheet at an altitude of 3200 m. BrO mixing ratios in May 2007 and June 2008 were typically between 1-3 pmol mol-1, with maxima of up to 5 pmol mol-1. These measurements unequivocally show that halogen chemistry is occurring in the remote Arctic, far from known bromine reservoirs, such as the ocean. During periods when FLEXPART retroplumes show that airmasses resided on the Greenland ice sheet for 3 or more days, BrO exhibits a clear diurnal variation, with peak mixing ratios of up to 3 pmol mol-1 in the morning and at night. The diurnal cycle of BrO can be explained by a changing boundary layer height combined with photo-chemical formation of reactive bromine driven by solar radiation at the snow surface. The shallow stable boundary in the morning and night leads to an accumulation of BrO at the surface, leading to elevated BrO despite the expected smaller release from the snowpack during these times of low solar radiation. During the day when photolytic formation of reactive bromine is expected to be highest, efficient mixing into a deeper neutral boundary layer leads to lower BrO mixing ratios than during mornings and nights. The extended period of contact with the Greenland snowpack combined with the diurnal profile of BrO, modulated by boundary layer height, suggests that photochemistry in the snow is a significant source of BrO measured at Summit during the 2008 experiment. In addition, a rapid transport event on 4 July 2008, during which marine air from the Greenland coast was rapidly transported to Summit, led to enhanced mixing ratios of BrO and a number of marine tracers. However, marine transport events are rare and most likely not the main source of bromide in surface snow at Summit. The observed levels of BrO are predicted to influence NOx chemistry as well as impact HOx partitioning. However, impact of local snow photochemistry on HOx is smaller than previously suggested for Summit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Halogens
KW  - Bromine
KW  - Catalysis
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Ice sheets
KW  - Surfaces (Physics)
KW  - Greenland
N1  - Accession Number: 67476843; Stutz, J. 1,2; Email Address: jochen@atmos.ucla.edu; Thomas, J. L. 1,2; Hurlock, S. C. 1,2; Schneider, M. 1,2; von Glasow, R. 3; Piot, M. 4; Gorham, K. 5,6; Burkhart, J. F. 7; Ziemba, L. 8,9; Dibb, J. E. 8; Lefer, B. L. 10; Affiliations: 1: University of California, Los Angeles; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 3: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; 4: EnBW Trading, Karlsruhe, Germany; 5: University of California Irvine; 6: School of Physical Sciences, Irvine, USA; 7: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway; 8: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 10: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p6707; Thesaurus Term: Halogens; Thesaurus Term: Bromine; Thesaurus Term: Catalysis; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Ice sheets; Subject Term: Surfaces (Physics); Subject: Greenland; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-6707-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Urzay, Javier
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Theory of the propagation dynamics of spiral edges of diffusion flames in von Kármán swirling flows
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 158
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 272
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: This analysis addresses the propagation of spiral edge flames found in von Kármán swirling flows induced in rotating porous-disk burners. In this configuration, a porous disk is spun at a constant angular velocity in an otherwise quiescent oxidizing atmosphere. Gaseous methane is injected through the disk pores and burns in a flat diffusion flame adjacent to the disk. Among other flame patterns experimentally found, a stable, rotating spiral flame is observed for sufficiently large rotation velocities and small fuel flow rates as a result of partial extinction of the underlying diffusion flame. The tip of the spiral can undergo a steady rotation for sufficiently large rotational velocities or small fuel flow rates, whereas a meandering tip in an epicycloidal trajectory is observed for smaller rotational velocities and larger fuel flow rates. A formulation of this problem is presented in the equidiffusional and thermodiffusive limits within the framework of one-step chemistry with large activation energies. Edge-flame propagation regimes are obtained by scaling analyses of the conservation equations and exemplified by numerical simulations of straight two-dimensional edge flames near a cold porous wall, for which lateral heat losses to the disk and large strains induce extinction of the trailing diffusion flame but are relatively unimportant in the front region, consistent with the existence of the cooling tail found in the experiments. The propagation dynamics of a steadily rotating spiral edge is studied in the large-core limit, for which the characteristic Markstein length is much smaller than the distance from the center at which the spiral tip is anchored. An asymptotic description of the edge tangential structure is obtained, spiral edge shapes are calculated, and an expression is found that relates the spiral rotational velocity to the rest of the parameters. A quasiestatic stability analysis of the edge shows that the edge curvature at extinction in the tip region is responsible for the stable tip anchoring at the core radius. Finally, experimental results are analyzed, and theoretical predictions are tested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Fuel
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Porous materials
KW  - Flame
KW  - Fire extinction
KW  - Curvature
KW  - Edge flames
KW  - Flame extinction
KW  - Non-premixed combustion
KW  - Spiral waves
KW  - Swirling flows
KW  - Triple flames
N1  - Accession Number: 56499219; Urzay, Javier 1; Email Address: jurzay@ucsd.edu; Nayagam, Vedha 2; Email Address: vedha.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Williams, Forman A. 1; Email Address: faw@ucsd.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA; 2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Feb2011, Vol. 158 Issue 2, p255; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Thesaurus Term: Fuel; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: Porous materials; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Fire extinction; Subject Term: Curvature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Edge flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-premixed combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spiral waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Swirling flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triple flames; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.08.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhaduri, Kanishka
AU  - Stefanski, Mark D.
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
T1  - Privacy-Preserving Outlier Detection Through Random Nonlinear Data Distortion.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B
PY  - 2011/02//02/01/2011
Y1  - 2011/02//02/01/2011
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 272
SN  - 10834419
AB  - Consider a scenario in which the data owner has some private or sensitive data and wants a data miner to access them for studying important patterns without revealing the sensitive information. Privacy-preserving data mining aims to solve this problem by randomly transforming the data prior to their release to the data miners. Previous works only considered the case of linear data perturbations—additive, multiplicative, or a combination of both––for studying the usefulness of the perturbed output. In this paper, we discuss nonlinear data distortion using potentially nonlinear random data transformation and show how it can be useful for privacy-preserving anomaly detection from sensitive data sets. We develop bounds on the expected accuracy of the nonlinear distortion and also quantify privacy by using standard definitions. The highlight of this approach is to allow a user to control the amount of privacy by varying the degree of nonlinearity. We show how our general transformation can be used for anomaly detection in practice for two specific problem instances: a linear model and a popular nonlinear model using the sigmoid function. We also analyze the proposed nonlinear transformation in full generality and then show that, for specific cases, it is distance preserving. A main contribution of this paper is the discussion between the invertibility of a transformation and privacy preservation and the application of these techniques to outlier detection. The experiments conducted on real-life data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTLIERS (Statistics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 57330776; Source Information: 02/01/2011, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p260; Subject Term: OUTLIERS (Statistics); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: DATA mining; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCB.2010.2051540
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=57330776&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 109659671
T1  - Effect of High-Impact Aerobics and Strength Training on BMD in Young Women Aged 20-35 Years.
AU  - Liang, M. T. C.
AU  - Braun, W.
AU  - Bassin, S. L.
AU  - Dutto, D.
AU  - Pontello, A.
AU  - Wong, N. D.
AU  - Spalding, T. W.
AU  - Arnaud, S. B.
Y1  - 2011/02//
N1  - Accession Number: 109659671. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150923. Revision Date: 20150923. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Sports Medicine. NLM UID: 8008349. 
SP  - 100
EP  - 108
JO  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JA  - INT J SPORTS MED
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
PB  - Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart
AB  - To evaluate the effects of a 12-month exercise intervention using either high-impact step aerobic exercise or moderate-intensity strength training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) we studied 51 untrained women, aged 20-35 years, for this study. Whole body and heel and wrist aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic or PIXI Lunar). Subjects were randomly assigned to: impact-loaded step aerobic exercise (SA, n = 15), moderate-intensity lower body strength training (ST, n = 16) or non-exercise control (CON, n = 20). Data analysis only included those who completed 95% of each training routine and attended at least of all sessions. Group differences in aBMD, leg press strength and urinary cross-link deox- ypridinoline (uDPD) were analysed using analysis of variance. After a 12-month intervention, the SA elicited an increase in aBMD ofthe heel (4.4%, p<0.05) and leg press strength (15%, p<0.05), relative to baseline. Meanwhile, the ST showed an increase in leg press strength (48%, p<0.05) with no significant increase in aBMD at any measured site. Similar and unchanged uDPD was observed in all 3 groups at baseline, 6 and 12 months. In conclusion, a 12-month high-impact step aerobic exercise resulted in a significant increase in the heel aBMD in untrained young women, who complied with the exercise regimen. A moderate intensity strength training intervention of similar duration had no effect on aBMD although leg strength increased significantly.
SN  - 0172-4622
AD  - California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Pomona, United States
AD  - University of California Irvine, Cardiology, Irvine, United States
AD  - Eastern Oregon University, Physical Activity and Health, La Grande United States
AD  - University of California, Irvine, General Clinical Research Center, Irvine, United States
AD  - University of California, Irvine, Cardiology, Irvine, United States
AD  - Cal Poly Pomona, KHP, Pomona, United States
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Life Science, Moffett Field, United States
U2  - PMID: 21165807.
DO  - 10.1055/s-0030-1268503
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109659671&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of High-Impact Aerobics and Strength Training on BMD in Young Women Aged 20-35 Years.
AU  - Liang, M. T. C.
AU  - Braun, W.
AU  - Bassin, S. L.
AU  - Dutto, D.
AU  - Pontello, A.
AU  - Wong, N. D.
AU  - Spalding, T. W.
AU  - Arnaud, S. B.
JO  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
SP  - 100
EP  - 108
SN  - 01724622
N1  - Accession Number: 90415222; Author: Liang, M. T. C.: 1 email: mtcliang@csupomona.edu. Author: Braun, W.: 1 Author: Bassin, S. L.: 2 Author: Dutto, D.: 3 Author: Pontello, A.: 4 Author: Wong, N. D.: 5 Author: Spalding, T. W.: 6 Author: Arnaud, S. B.: 7 ; Author Affiliation: 1 California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Pomona, United States: 2 University of California Irvine, Cardiology, Irvine, United States: 3 Eastern Oregon University, Physical Activity and Health, La Grande United States: 4 University of California, Irvine, General Clinical Research Center, Irvine, United States: 5 University of California, Irvine, Cardiology, Irvine, United States: 6 Cal Poly Pomona, KHP, Pomona, United States: 7 NASA Ames Research Center, Life Science, Moffett Field, United States; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20130926
N2  - To evaluate the effects of a 12-month exercise intervention using either high-impact step aerobic exercise or moderate-intensity strength training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) we studied 51 untrained women, aged 20-35 years, for this study. Whole body and heel and wrist aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic or PIXI Lunar). Subjects were randomly assigned to: impact-loaded step aerobic exercise (SA, n = 15), moderate-intensity lower body strength training (ST, n = 16) or non-exercise control (CON, n = 20). Data analysis only included those who completed 95% of each training routine and attended at least of all sessions. Group differences in aBMD, leg press strength and urinary cross-link deox- ypridinoline (uDPD) were analysed using analysis of variance. After a 12-month intervention, the SA elicited an increase in aBMD ofthe heel (4.4%, p<0.05) and leg press strength (15%, p<0.05), relative to baseline. Meanwhile, the ST showed an increase in leg press strength (48%, p<0.05) with no significant increase in aBMD at any measured site. Similar and unchanged uDPD was observed in all 3 groups at baseline, 6 and 12 months. In conclusion, a 12-month high-impact step aerobic exercise resulted in a significant increase in the heel aBMD in untrained young women, who complied with the exercise regimen. A moderate intensity strength training intervention of similar duration had no effect on aBMD although leg strength increased significantly. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - cross-link deoxypridinoline
KW  - femoral neck BMD
KW  - heel and wrist BMD
KW  - leg press strength
KW  - untrained
KW  - young women
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=90415222&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - TEST BATTERY DESIGNED TO QUICKLY AND SAFELY ASSESS DIVERSE INDICES OF NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION AFTER UNWEIGHTING.
AU  - SPIERING, BARRY A.
AU  - LEE, STUART M. C.
AU  - MULAVARA, AJITKUMAR P.
AU  - BENTLEY, JASON R.
AU  - BUXTON, ROXANNE E.
AU  - LAWRENCE, EMILY L.
AU  - JOSEPH SINKA
AU  - GUILLIAMS, MARK E.
AU  - PLOUTZ-SNYDER, LORI L.
AU  - BLOOMBERG, JACOB J.
JO  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JF  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
SP  - 545
EP  - 555
SN  - 10648011
N1  - Accession Number: 58834275; Author: SPIERING, BARRY A.: 1 email: bspiering@fullerton.edu. Author: LEE, STUART M. C.: 1 Author: MULAVARA, AJITKUMAR P.: 2 Author: BENTLEY, JASON R.: 1 Author: BUXTON, ROXANNE E.: 3 Author: LAWRENCE, EMILY L.: 1 Author: JOSEPH SINKA: 1 Author: GUILLIAMS, MARK E.: 1 Author: PLOUTZ-SNYDER, LORI L.: 2 Author: BLOOMBERG, JACOB J.: 4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas.: 2 Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas.: 3 University of Houston, Houston, Texas.: 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.; No. of Pages: 11; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20110420
N2  - The article presents a set of exercise tests designed to provide a means of assessing neuromuscular function in subjects who have been unweighted for some time, due to spaceflight, bed rest, or immobilization. An overview of related previous research is provided, along with details of the tests, which include the use of leg exercise machines and bench pressing.
KW  - *EXERCISE tests
KW  - *MUSCLE strength -- Testing
KW  - *NEUROMUSCULAR system
KW  - *LEG exercises
KW  - *BENCH press
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - BED rest
KW  - aging
KW  - muscle
KW  - power rehabilitation
KW  - spaceflight
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=58834275&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104818720
T1  - Test battery designed to quickly and safely assess diverse indices of neuromuscular function after unweighting.
AU  - Spiering, Barry A.
AU  - Lee, Stuart M. C
AU  - Mulavara, Ajitkumar P.
AU  - Bentley, Jason R.
AU  - Buxton, Roxanne E.
AU  - Lawrence, Emily L.
AU  - Sinka, Joseph
AU  - Guilliams, Mark E.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L.
AU  - Bloomberg, Jacob J.
Y1  - 2011/02//
N1  - Accession Number: 104818720. Language: English. Entry Date: 20110408. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; equations & formulas; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Grant Information: National Aeronautics and Space Administration.. NLM UID: 9415084. 
KW  - Exercise Test -- Methods
KW  - Neuromuscular Control -- Evaluation
KW  - Adult
KW  - Bed Rest
KW  - Biophysical Instruments
KW  - Body Weights and Measures
KW  - Exercise Intensity -- Evaluation
KW  - Exercise Physiology
KW  - Exercise Test, Muscular
KW  - Extension
KW  - Female
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Human
KW  - Immobilization
KW  - Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Knee -- Physiology
KW  - Leg -- Physiology
KW  - Lower Extremity -- Physiology
KW  - Male
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - Muscle Contraction
KW  - Muscle Strength -- Evaluation
KW  - Physical Endurance
KW  - Reliability and Validity
KW  - Texas
KW  - Upper Extremity -- Physiology
SP  - 545
EP  - 555
JO  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JF  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JA  - J STRENGTH CONDITION RES (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS WILKINS)
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - Adequately describing the functional consequences of unweighting (e.g., bed rest, immobilization, spaceflight) requires assessing diverse indices of neuromuscular function (i.e., strength, power, endurance, central activation, force steadiness). Additionally, because unweighting increases the susceptibility of muscle to damage, testing should consider supplementary safety features. The purpose of this study was to develop a test battery for quickly assessing diverse indices of neuromuscular function. Commercially available exercise equipment was modified to include data acquisition hardware (e.g., force plates, position transducers) and auxiliary safety hardware (e.g., magnetic brakes). Ten healthy, ambulatory subjects (31 ± 5 years, 173 ± 11 cm, 73 ± 14 kg) completed a battery of lower- and upper-body neuromuscular function tests on 3 occasions separated by at least 48 hours. The battery consisted of the following tests, in order: (1) knee extension central activation, (2) knee extension force steadiness, (3) leg press maximal strength, (4) leg press maximal power, (5) leg press power endurance, (6) bench press maximal strength, (7) bench press force steadiness, (8) bench press maximal power, and (9) bench press power endurance. Central activation, strength, rate of force development, maximal power, and power endurance (total work) demonstrated good-to-excellent measurement reliability (SEM = 3-14%; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.87-0.99). The SEM of the force steadiness variables was 20-35% (ICC = 0.20-0.60). After familiarization, the test battery required 49 ± 6 minutes to complete. In conclusion, we successfully developed a test battery that could be used to quickly and reliably assess diverse indices of neuromuscular function. Because the test battery involves minimal eccentric muscle actions and impact forces, the potential for muscle injury has likely been reduced.
SN  - 1064-8011
AD  - Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas, USA. bspiering@fullerton.edu
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas
AD  - University of Houston, Houston, Texas
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
U2  - PMID: 21217531.
DO  - 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181f56780
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104818720&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bala, Govindasamy
AU  - Gopalakrishnan, Ranjith
AU  - Jayaraman, Mathangi
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Ravindranath, N. H.
T1  - CO-fertilization and potential future terrestrial carbon uptake in India.
JO  - Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
JF  - Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 160
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 13812386
AB  - There is huge knowledge gap in our understanding of many terrestrial carbon cycle processes. In this paper, we investigate the bounds on terrestrial carbon uptake over India that arises solely due to CO -fertilization. For this purpose, we use a terrestrial carbon cycle model and consider two extreme scenarios: unlimited CO-fertilization is allowed for the terrestrial vegetation with CO concentration level at 735 ppm in one case, and CO-fertilization is capped at year 1975 levels for another simulation. Our simulations show that, under equilibrium conditions, modeled carbon stocks in natural potential vegetation increase by 17 Gt-C with unlimited fertilization for CO levels and climate change corresponding to the end of 21st century but they decline by 5.5 Gt-C if fertilization is limited at 1975 levels of CO concentration. The carbon stock changes are dominated by forests. The area covered by natural potential forests increases by about 36% in the unlimited fertilization case but decreases by 15% in the fertilization-capped case. Thus, the assumption regarding CO-fertilization has the potential to alter the sign of terrestrial carbon uptake over India. Our model simulations also imply that the maximum potential terrestrial sequestration over India, under equilibrium conditions and best case scenario of unlimited CO-fertilization, is only 18% of the 21st century SRES A2 scenarios emissions from India. The limited uptake potential of the natural potential vegetation suggests that reduction of CO emissions and afforestation programs should be top priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mitigation & Adaptation Strategies for Global Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Vegetation monitoring
KW  - Carbon sequestration
KW  - Carbon dioxide mitigation
KW  - Crops & climate
KW  - Forests & forestry -- India
KW  - India
KW  - Climate change
KW  - CO fertilization
KW  - CO2 fertilization
KW  - Forests
KW  - Potential vegetation
KW  - Terrestrial carbon cycle model
N1  - Accession Number: 57642636; Bala, Govindasamy 1,2; Email Address: bala.gov@gmail.com; Gopalakrishnan, Ranjith 3; Jayaraman, Mathangi 3; Nemani, Ramakrishna 4; Ravindranath, N. H. 3; Affiliations: 1: Divecha Center for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India; 2: Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India; 3: Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012 India; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Feb2011, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p143; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Carbon sequestration; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide mitigation; Thesaurus Term: Crops & climate; Subject Term: Forests & forestry -- India; Subject: India; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO fertilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 fertilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Potential vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial carbon cycle model; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11027-010-9260-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=57642636&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gough, R.V.
AU  - Turley, J.J.
AU  - Ferrell, G.R.
AU  - Cordova, K.E.
AU  - Wood, S.E.
AU  - DeHaan, D.O.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Toon, O.B.
AU  - Tolbert, M.A.
T1  - Can rapid loss and high variability of Martian methane be explained by surface H2O2?
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 238
EP  - 246
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: It has been reported by several groups that methane in the Martian atmosphere is both spatially and temporally variable. suggested that temperature dependent, reversible physical adsorption of methane onto Martian soils could explain this variability. However, it is also useful to consider if there might be chemical destruction of methane (and compensating sources) operating on seasonal time scales. The lifetime of Martian methane due to known chemical loss processes is long (on the order of hundreds of years). However, observations constrain the lifetime to be 4 years or less, and general circulation models suggest methane destruction must occur even faster (<1 year) to cause the reported variability and rapid disappearance. The Martian surface is known to be highly oxidizing based on the Viking Labeled Release experiments in which organic compounds were quickly oxidized by samples of the regolith. Here we test if simulated Martian soil is also oxidizing towards methane to determine if this is a relevant loss pathway for Martian methane. We find that although two of the analog surfaces studied, TiO2·H2O2 and JSC-Mars-1 with H2O2, were able to oxidize the complex organic compounds (sugars and amino acids) used in the Viking Labeled Release experiments, these analogs were unable to oxidize methane to carbon dioxide within a 72h experiment. Sodium and magnesium perchlorate, salts that were recently discovered at the Phoenix landing site and are potential strong oxidants, were not observed to directly oxidize either the organic solution or methane. The upper limit reaction coefficient, α, was found to be <4×10−17 for methane loss on TiO2·H2O2 and <2×10−17 for methane loss on JSC-Mars-1 with H2O2. Unless the depth of soil on Mars that contains H2O2 is very deep (thicker than 500m), the lifetime of methane with respect to heterogeneous oxidation by H2O2 is probably greater than 4 years. Therefore, reaction of methane with H2O2 on Martian soils does not appear to be a significant methane sink, and would not destroy methane rapidly enough to cause the reported atmospheric methane variability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Precipitation variability
KW  - Methane
KW  - Adsorption
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Surfaces (Physics)
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Temperature effect
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Mars
KW  - Oxidant
KW  - Surface
KW  - Viking
N1  - Accession Number: 57683184; Gough, R.V. 1; Email Address: raina.gough@colorado.edu; Turley, J.J. 1; Ferrell, G.R. 1; Cordova, K.E. 1; Wood, S.E. 1; DeHaan, D.O. 1; McKay, C.P. 2; Toon, O.B. 3; Tolbert, M.A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), 216 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (ATOC), 392 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Issue Info: Feb2011, Vol. 59 Issue 2/3, p238; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation variability; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Adsorption; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Surfaces (Physics); Subject Term: Hydrogen peroxide; Subject Term: Temperature effect; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viking; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.09.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=57683184&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tukel, Oya I.
AU  - Kremic, Tibor
AU  - Rom, Walter O.
AU  - Miller, Richard J.
T1  - Knowledge-salvage practices for dormant R&D projects.
JO  - Project Management Journal
JF  - Project Management Journal
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 72
PB  - Project Management Institute
SN  - 87569728
AB  - Most successful firms have an abundance of new and old knowledge in their research and development laboratories, and only a fraction is being put into use in new product development. This knowledge is left over from projects that have been killed at different development stages and may actually carry considerable value. In this article, we propose a knowledge bank as a possible solution to preserve and possibly grow this knowledge. It is a self-sustaining institute with minimal or no ongoing effort from the donor company, yet manages the knowledge in a way that protects proprietary interests and actively fosters communication and interchange among sponsoring companies wherever possible. The framework of this structure, as well as how it works, is described here. Specifically, a system dynamics modeling of the knowledge bank is developed, and a simulation study is conducted using VENSIM®. The results confirm the viability of creating such a system in a consortium of organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Project Management Journal is the property of Project Management Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KNOWLEDGE management
KW  - RESEARCH & development projects
KW  - PROJECT management
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - PRODUCT management
KW  - PRODUCT improvement
KW  - knowledge banks
KW  - R&D projects
KW  - system dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 57394967; Tukel, Oya I. 1; Kremic, Tibor 2; Rom, Walter O. 1; Miller, Richard J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Feb2011, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p59; Thesaurus Term: KNOWLEDGE management; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH & development projects; Thesaurus Term: PROJECT management; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION resources management; Thesaurus Term: PRODUCT management; Thesaurus Term: PRODUCT improvement; Author-Supplied Keyword: knowledge banks; Author-Supplied Keyword: R&D projects; Author-Supplied Keyword: system dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541619 Other management consulting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/pmj.20207
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=57394967&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Christiansen, Jessie L.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Desert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Dunham, Edward W.
T1  - A closely packed system of low-mass, low-density planets transiting Kepler-11.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/02/03/
VL  - 470
IS  - 7332
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 58
SN  - 00280836
AB  - When an extrasolar planet passes in front of (transits) its star, its radius can be measured from the decrease in starlight and its orbital period from the time between transits. Multiple planets transiting the same star reveal much more: period ratios determine stability and dynamics, mutual gravitational interactions reflect planet masses and orbital shapes, and the fraction of transiting planets observed as multiples has implications for the planarity of planetary systems. But few stars have more than one known transiting planet, and none has more than three. Here we report Kepler spacecraft observations of a single Sun-like star, which we call Kepler-11, that reveal six transiting planets, five with orbital periods between 10 and 47 days and a sixth planet with a longer period. The five inner planets are among the smallest for which mass and size have both been measured, and these measurements imply substantial envelopes of light gases. The degree of coplanarity and proximity of the planetary orbits imply energy dissipation near the end of planet formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stars with planets
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Planetary orbits
KW  - Inner planets
KW  - Mass (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 57775598; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 2; Ford, Eric B. 3; Borucki, William J. 1; Fressin, Francois 4; Marcy, Geoffrey W. 5; Orosz, Jerome A. 6; Rowe, Jason F. 7; Torres, Guillermo 4; Welsh, William F. 6; Batalha, Natalie M. 8; Bryson, Stephen T. 1; Buchhave, Lars A. 9; Caldwell, Douglas A. 7; Carter, Joshua A. 4; Charbonneau, David 4; Christiansen, Jessie L. 7; Cochran, William D. 10; Desert, Jean-Michel 4; Dunham, Edward W. 11; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA; 3: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA; 4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 5: Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; 6: San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA; 7: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, USA; 9: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 10: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0259, USA; 11: Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; Issue Info: 2/3/2011, Vol. 470 Issue 7332, p53; Subject Term: Stars with planets; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Subject Term: Inner planets; Subject Term: Mass (Physics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature09760
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Quinn, Samuel N.
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Cleve, Jeffrey Van
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Cote, Miles T.
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Haas, Michael R.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Koch, David G.
AU  - Jie Li
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - MacQueen, Phillip J.
AU  - Middour, Christopher K.
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
T1  - K01-126: A Triply Eclipsing Hierarchical Triple with Two Low-Mass Stars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/02/04/
VL  - 331
IS  - 6017
M3  - Article
SP  - 562
EP  - 565
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Kepler spacecraft has been monitoring the light from 150,000 stars in its primary quest to detect transiting exoplanets. Here, we report on the detection of an eclipsing stellar hierarchical triple, identified in the Kepler photometry. KOI-126 [A, (B, C)], is composed of a low-mass binary [masses MB = 0.2413 ± 0.0030 solar mass (M⊙), Mc = 0.2127 ± 0.0026 M⊙; radii RB = 0.2543 ± 0.0014 solar radius (R⊙), Rc = 0.2318 ± 0.0013 R⊙; orbital period P1 = 1.76713 + 0.00019 days] on an eccentric orbit about a third star (mass MA = 1.347 ± 0.032 M⊙ radius RA = 2.0254 ± 0.0098 R⊙; period of orbit around the low-mass binary P2 = 33.9214 ± 0.0013 days; eccentricity of that orbit e2 = 0.3043 ± 0.0024). The low-mass pair probe the poorly sampled fully convective stellar domain offering a crucial benchmark for theoretical stellar models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Space telescopes
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Detection
KW  - Stars -- Observations
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Astronomical photometry
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Planetary orbits
N1  - Accession Number: 58642516; Carter, Joshua A. 1; Email Address: jacarter@cfa.harvard.edu; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 2; Ragozzine, Darin 1; Holman, Matthew J. 1; Quinn, Samuel N. 1; Latham, David W. 1; Buchhave, Lars A. 1,3; Cleve, Jeffrey Van 4,5; Cochran, William D. 6; Cote, Miles T. 4; Endl, Michael 6; Ford, Eric B. 7; Haas, Michael R. 4; Jenkins, Jon M. 4,5; Koch, David G. 4; Jie Li 4,5; Lissauer, Jack J. 4,8; MacQueen, Phillip J. 6; Middour, Christopher K. 4,9; Orosz, Jerome A. 10; Affiliations: 1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 2: Lick Observatory, University of California Observatories, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 3: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 6: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 7: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; 8: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 9: Orbital Sciences Corp., Dulles, VA 20166, USA; 10: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Issue Info: 2/4/2011, Vol. 331 Issue 6017, p562; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Space telescopes; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Detection; Subject Term: Stars -- Observations; Subject Term: Photometry; Subject Term: Astronomical photometry; Subject Term: Orbits; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1201274
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Tom X. -P.
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Laszlo, Istvan
AU  - Zhou, Mi
T1  - Global component aerosol direct radiative effect at the top of atmosphere.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/02/10/
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 633
EP  - 655
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The two-step approach of combining Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55 μm with the component AOT fractions from the Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC)/Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed by the first author in a previous publication has been extended to cloud-free land areas for nearly global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing the ADRE computation with calculations from the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model at globally distributed AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed from AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. The promising validation results provide support for extending the two-step approach from global clear-sky oceans to global clear-sky land areas. The global annual mean values of ADRE for clear-sky condition are +0.3 ± 0.2 W m-2 for black carbon, -1.0 ± 0.6 W m-2 for organic carbon; -2.3 ± 0.7 W m-2 for sulphate; -1.6 ± 0.5 W m-2 for dust; -2.2 ± 0.6 W m-2 for sea salt; -2.4 ± 0.8 W m-2 for anthropogenic aerosol; -4.5 ± 1.2 W m-2 for natural aerosol; and -6.8 ± 1.7 W m-2 for total aerosols. For global average cloudy skies, the all-sky values of component ADRE are about 42% of their clear-sky counterparts. The major sources of uncertainty in the estimates are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Atmosphere -- Research
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Reflectance
N1  - Accession Number: 58667788; Zhao, Tom X. -P. 1; Email Address: Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov; Loeb, Norman G. 2; Laszlo, Istvan 3; Zhou, Mi 4; Affiliations: 1: National Climatic Data Center, NOAA/NESDIS, Asheville, NC, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD, USA; 4: I. M. System Group, Inc., Kensington, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2/10/2011, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p633; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere -- Research; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Reflectance; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431161.2010.517790
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - DOLCI, WENDY W.
AU  - BOLDT, MARCO S.
AU  - DODSON, K. ESTELLE
AU  - PILCHER, CARL B.
T1  - Leading the Charge to Virtual Meetings.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/02/11/
VL  - 331
IS  - 6018
M3  - Letter
SP  - 674
EP  - 674
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the letter “Travel Trade-Offs for Scientist,” by I. C. Burke in the December 10, 2010 issue.
KW  - Letters to the editor
KW  - Virtual communications
N1  - Accession Number: 59179909; DOLCI, WENDY W. 1; Email Address: wendy.w.dolci@nasa.gov; BOLDT, MARCO S. 1,2; DODSON, K. ESTELLE 1,2; PILCHER, CARL B. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Lockheed Martin, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2/11/2011, Vol. 331 Issue 6018, p674; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Subject Term: Virtual communications; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Takmeng Wong
T1  - An Estimate of Low-Cloud Feedbacks from Variations of Cloud Radiative and Physical Properties with Sea Surface Temperature on Interannual Time Scales.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1106
EP  - 1121
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Simulations of climate change have yet to reach a consensus on the sign and magnitude of the changes in physical properties of marine boundary layer clouds. In this study, the authors analyze how cloud and radiative properties vary with SST anomaly in low-cloud regions, based on five years (March 2000--February 2005) of Clouds and the Earth''s Radiant Energy System (CERES)-- Terra monthly gridded data and matched European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) meteorological reanalaysis data. In particular, this study focuses on the changes in cloud radiative effect, cloud fraction, and cloud optical depth with SST anomaly. The major findings are as follows. First, the low-cloud amount (−−1.9%% to −−3.4%% K−−1) and the logarithm of low-cloud optical depth (−−0.085 to −−0.100 K−−1) tend to decrease while the net cloud radiative effect (3.86 W m−−2 K−−1) becomes less negative as SST anomalies increase. These results are broadly consistent with previous observational studies. Second, after the changes in cloud and radiative properties with SST anomaly are separated into dynamic, thermodynamic, and residual components, changes in the dynamic component (taken as the vertical velocity at 700 hPa) have relatively little effect on cloud and radiative properties. However, the estimated inversion strength decreases with increasing SST, accounting for a large portion of the measured decreases in cloud fraction and cloud optical depth. The residual positive change in net cloud radiative effect (1.48 W m−−2 K−−1) and small changes in low-cloud amount (−−0.81%% to 0.22%% K−−1) and decrease in the logarithm of optical depth (--0.035 to --0.046 K−−1) with SST are interpreted as a positive cloud feedback, with cloud optical depth feedback being the dominant contributor. Last, the magnitudes of the residual changes differ greatly among the six low-cloud regions examined in this study, with the largest positive feedbacks (∼∼4 W m−−2 K−−1) in the southeast and northeast Atlantic regions and a slightly negative feedback (−−0.2 W m−−2 K−−1) in the south-central Pacific region. Because the retrievals of cloud optical depth and/or cloud fraction are difficult in the presence of aerosols, the transport of heavy African continental aerosols may contribute to the large magnitudes of estimated cloud feedback in the two Atlantic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Long-range weather forecasting
KW  - Meteorological satellites
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
KW  - Cloud radiative effects
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Interannual variability
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Sea surface temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 59526407; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1; Email Address: zachary.a.eitzen@nasa.gov; Kuan-Man Xu 2; Takmeng Wong 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Feb2011, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p1106; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Ocean temperature; Thesaurus Term: Long-range weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Meteorological satellites; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud radiative effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interannual variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface temperature; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3670.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nettles, Alan
AU  - Hodge, Andrew
AU  - Jackson, Justin
T1  - An Examination of the Compressive Cyclic Loading Aspects of Damage Tolerance for Polymer Matrix Launch Vehicle Hardware.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 458
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The issue of fatigue loading of structures composed of composite materials is considered in a requirements document that is currently in place for manned launch vehicles. By taking into account the short lives of these parts, coupled with design considerations, it is demonstrated that the necessary coupon level fatigue data collapse to a static case. Data from a literature review of past studies that examined compressive fatigue loading after impact and data generated from this experimental study are presented to support this finding. In other studies from the literature, a stress amplitude of about 60% of the static compression after impact (CAI) strength was found to exist, below which fatigue had no deleterious effects up to one million cycles. In this study, a stress amplitude of about 80% of the static (CAI) strength was found to exist, below which fatigue had no deleterious effects up to 10,000 cycles. A launch vehicle structure should never experience one cycle above 61.4% of static CAI strength, much less 10,000 at 80%. Despite utilizing severe fatigue amplitude loading in impact damaged coupons, residual strength after fatigue was consistently higher than expected. Unrealistically high fatigue stress amplitudes were needed to fail 5 of 15 specimens, before 10,000 cycles was reached. Since a typical launch vehicle structure, such as the ARES I interstage, only experiences a few cycles near limit load, it is concluded that static CAI strength data will suffice for most launch vehicle structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - MATERIALS -- Deterioration
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - compression
KW  - damage growth
KW  - delamination
KW  - fatigue
KW  - impact
KW  - launch vehicle
KW  - load spectrum
KW  - requirements
KW  - residual strength
N1  - Accession Number: 58645616; Nettles, Alan 1; Hodge, Andrew 2; Jackson, Justin 2; Source Information: 02/15/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p437; Subject: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject: MATERIALS -- Deterioration; Subject: POLYMERS; Subject: DATA analysis; Subject: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: launch vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: load spectrum; Author-Supplied Keyword: requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: residual strength; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7779
L3  - 10.1177/0021998310376117
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spruce, Joseph P.
AU  - Sader, Steven
AU  - Ryan, Robert E.
AU  - Smoot, James
AU  - Kuper, Philip
AU  - Ross, Kenton
AU  - Prados, Donald
AU  - Russell, Jeffrey
AU  - Gasser, Gerald
AU  - McKellip, Rodney
AU  - Hargrove, William
T1  - Assessment of MODIS NDVI time series data products for detecting forest defoliation by gypsy moth outbreaks
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 427
EP  - 437
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: This paper discusses an assessment of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series data products for detecting forest defoliation from European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). This paper describes an effort to aid the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service in developing and assessing MODIS-based gypsy moth defoliation detection products and methods that could be applied in near real time without intensive field survey data collection as a precursor. In our study, MODIS data for 2000–2006 were processed for the mid-Appalachian highland region of the United States. Gypsy moth defoliation maps showing defoliated forests versus non-defoliated areas were produced from temporally filtered and composited MOD02 and MOD13 data using unsupervised classification and image thresholding of maximum value normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets computed for the defoliation period (June 10–July 27) of 2001 and of the entire time series. These products were validated by comparing stratified random sample locations to relevant Landsat and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) reference data sets. Composites of 250 m daily MOD02 outperformed 16-day MOD13 data in terms of classifying forest defoliation, showing a lower omission error rate (0.09 versus 0.56), a similar Kappa (0.67 versus 0.79), a comparable commission error rate (0.22 versus 0.14), and higher overall classification agreement (88 versus 79%). Results suggest that temporally processed MODIS time-series data can detect with good agreement to available reference data the extent and location of historical regional gypsy moth defoliation patches of 0.25 km2 or more for 250-meter products. The temporal processing techniques used in this study enabled effective broad regional, “wall to wall” gypsy moth defoliation detection products for a 6.2million ha region that were not produced previously with either MODIS or other satellite data. This study provides new, previously unavailable information on the relative agreement of temporally processed, gypsy moth defoliation detection products from MODIS NDVI time series data with respect to higher spatial resolution Landsat and ASTER data. These results also provided needed timely information on the potential of MODIS data for contributing near real time defoliation products to a USDA Forest Service Forest Threat Early Warning System. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Defoliation
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Gypsy moth
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Classification
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Time series analysis
KW  - United States
KW  - Defoliation classification accuracy
KW  - MODIS NDVI time series data
KW  - National forest threat early warning system
KW  - Regional forest defoliation detection products
KW  - Temporal data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 57300127; Spruce, Joseph P. 1; Email Address: joseph.p.spruce@nasa.gov; Sader, Steven 2; Ryan, Robert E. 3; Smoot, James 1; Kuper, Philip 1; Ross, Kenton 4; Prados, Donald 5; Russell, Jeffrey 6; Gasser, Gerald 7; McKellip, Rodney 8; Hargrove, William 9; Affiliations: 1: Computer Sciences Corporation, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, formerly with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States; 2: University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States; 3: Innovative Imaging & Research, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; formerly with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, United States; 5: Diamond Data Systems; formerly with Computer Sciences Corporation, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States; 6: Naval Research Laboratory, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, formerly with Computer Sciences Corporation, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States; 7: Lockheed Martin Mission Services—Civil Programs, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States; 8: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States; 9: United States Forest Service, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Asheville, North Carolina, United States; Issue Info: Feb2011, Vol. 115 Issue 2, p427; Thesaurus Term: Defoliation; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Gypsy moth; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Classification; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Time series analysis; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Defoliation classification accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS NDVI time series data; Author-Supplied Keyword: National forest threat early warning system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional forest defoliation detection products; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temporal data processing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Yang
AU  - Wang, Zifeng
AU  - Wang, Jun
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Newsom, Robert K.
AU  - Welton, Ellsworth J.
T1  - The effect of aerosol vertical profiles on satellite-estimated surface particle sulfate concentrations
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 508
EP  - 513
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The aerosol vertical distribution is an important factor in determining the relationship between satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ground-level fine particle pollution concentrations. We evaluate how aerosol profiles measured by ground-based lidar and simulated by models can help improve the association between AOD retrieved by the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and fine particle sulfate (SO4) concentrations using matched data at two lidar sites. At the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) site, both lidar and model aerosol profiles marginally improve the association between SO4 concentrations and MISR fractional AODs, as the correlation coefficient between cross-validation (CV) and observed SO4 concentrations changes from 0.87 for the no-scaling model to 0.88 for models scaled with aerosol vertical profiles. At the GSFC site, a large amount of urban aerosols resides in the well-mixed boundary layer so the column fractional AODs are already excellent indicators of ground-level particle pollution. In contrast, at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) site with relatively low aerosol loadings, scaling substantially improves model performance. The correlation coefficient between CV and observed SO4 concentrations is increased from 0.58 for the no-scaling model to 0.76 in the GEOS-Chem scaling model, and the model bias is reduced from 17% to 9%. In summary, despite the inaccuracy due to the coarse horizontal resolution and the challenges of simulating turbulent mixing in the boundary layer, GEOS-Chem simulated aerosol profiles can still improve methods for estimating surface aerosol (SO4) mass from satellite-based AODs, particularly in rural areas where aerosols in the free troposphere and any long-range transport of aerosols can significantly contribute to the column AOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
KW  - ARM SGP Raman lidar
KW  - Fractional AOD
KW  - GAM
KW  - MISR
KW  - MPLNET
KW  - SO4
N1  - Accession Number: 57300133; Liu, Yang 1; Email Address: yang.liu@emory.edu; Wang, Zifeng 2; Wang, Jun 3; Ferrare, Richard A. 4; Newsom, Robert K. 5; Welton, Ellsworth J. 6; Affiliations: 1: Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; 2: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Beijing, China; 3: University of Nebraska, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Lincoln, NE; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; 5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Issue Info: Feb2011, Vol. 115 Issue 2, p508; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Radiation measurements; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: ARM SGP Raman lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional AOD; Author-Supplied Keyword: GAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: MISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MPLNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO4; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Lin
AU  - Greenberg, Paul S.
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
AU  - Chen, Da Ren
T1  - Study of a Magnetic Filter System for the Characterization of Particle Magnetic Property.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 335
SN  - 02786826
AB  - A magnetic filter system has been constructed, and its performance has been investigated, to measure the magnetic property of monodisperse γ-Fe2O3 particles in the size range from 100 to 300 nm. In the system, SS 430 screens are placed in the magnetic filter element and exposed to a strong external magnetic field generated by an electric coil. The high magnetic field gradient resulted from magnetized fine wires enhances the collection of magnetic particles in addition to the particle collection via the diffusion mechanism. The particle concentrations at the upstream and downstream of the magnetic filter element were measured by an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter (UCPC, TSI model 3025A). Particle penetration obtained in the experiment is a function of particle size, particle magnetic property, and wire magnetization. To retrieve the magnetic property of characterized particles from the measured penetration data, a numerical model was further developed using the finite element package COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5. In this modeling, a single mesh screen is assumed to be represented by unit cells. The flow, the magnetic fields, and particle trajectory were solved in a unit cell. The relationship between particle penetration and magnetic property can then be obtained via this model for the given particle size, aerosol flowrate, and external magnetic field strength. The numerical model was first validated by comparing the experimental penetration with the simulation results for the case of 100, 150, and 250 nm γ-Fe2O3 particles having the magnetic susceptibility characterized by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic susceptibilities of other sizes from 100 to 300 nm were then derived from this model according to the measured penetration data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Magnetic fields
KW  - Magnetic separators
KW  - Electric coils
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Magnetic susceptibility
KW  - Magnetometers
N1  - Accession Number: 56620162; Li, Lin 1; Greenberg, Paul S. 2; Street, Kenneth W. 2; Chen, Da Ren 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; 2: Microgravity Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Mar2011, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p327; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Magnetic fields; Subject Term: Magnetic separators; Subject Term: Electric coils; Subject Term: Finite element method; Subject Term: Magnetic susceptibility; Subject Term: Magnetometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2010.534514
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knobelspiesse, K.
AU  - Cairns, B.
AU  - Ottaviani, M.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Hair, J.
AU  - Hostetler, C.
AU  - Obland, M.
AU  - Rogers, R.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Clarke, A.
AU  - Freitag, S.
AU  - Howell, S.
AU  - Kapustin, V.
AU  - McNaughton, C.
T1  - Combined retrievals of boreal forest fire aerosol properties with a polarimeter and lidar.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 7909
EP  - 7969
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Absorbing aerosols play an important, but uncertain, role in the global climate. Much of this uncertainty is due to a lack of adequate aerosol measurements. The Aerosol Polarimetery Sensor (APS), which is on the NASA Glory satellite scheduled for launch in the spring of 2011, is designed to help resolve this issue by making accurate, multi-spectral, multi-angle polarized observations. Field observations with the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP , the APS airborne prototype), however, have established that simultaneous retrievals of aerosol absorption and vertical distribution over bright and surfaces are quite uncertain. We test a merger of RSP and High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) data with observations of boreal forest fire smoke, collected during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS). During ARCTAS, the RSP and HSRL instruments were mounted on the same aircraft, and validation data were provided by instruments on an aircraft flying a coordinated flight pattern. We found that the lidar data did indeed improve aerosol retrievals using an optimal estimation method, although not primarily because of the contraints imposed on the aerosol vertical distribution. The more useful piece of information from the HSRL was the total column aerosol optical depth, which was used to select the initial value (optimization starting point) of the aerosol number concentration. When ground based sun photometer network climatologies of number concentration were used as an initial value, we found that roughly half of the retrievals had unrealistic sizes and imaginary indices, even though the retrieved spectral optical depths agreed within uncertainties to independent observations. The convergence to an unrealistic local minimum by the optimal estimator is related to the relatively low sensitivity to particles smaller than 0.1 µm at large optical thicknesses. Thus, optimization algorithms used for operational APS retrievals of the fine mode size distribution, when the total optical depth is large, will require initial values generated from table look-ups that exclude unrealistic size/complex index mixtures. External constraints from lidar on initial values used in the optimal estimation methods will also be valuable in reducing the likelihood of obtaining spurious retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Forest fire reporting
KW  - Polariscope
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Polarimetry
N1  - Accession Number: 67474846; Knobelspiesse, K. 1; Email Address: kirk.d.knobelspiesse@nasa.gov; Cairns, B. 2; Ottaviani, M. 1; Ferrare, R. 3; Hair, J. 3; Hostetler, C. 3; Obland, M. 3; Rogers, R. 3; Redemann, J. 4,5; Shinozuka, Y. 5; Clarke, A. 6; Freitag, S. 6; Howell, S. 6; Kapustin, V. 6; McNaughton, C. 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 6: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p7909; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Forest fire reporting; Subject Term: Polariscope; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Polarimetry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 61p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-7909-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=67474846&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simpson, I. J.
AU  - Akagi, S. K.
AU  - Barletta, B.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Choi, Y.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Meinardi, S.
AU  - Rowland, F. S.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Wiebring, P.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Yang, M.
AU  - Yokelson, R. J.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
T1  - Boreal forest fire emissions in fresh Canadian smoke plumes: C1-C10 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), CO2, CO, NO2, NO, HCN and CH3CN.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 9515
EP  - 9566
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Boreal regions comprise about 17% of the global land area, and they both affect and are influenced by climate change. To better understand boreal forest fire emissions and plume evolution, 947 whole air samples were collected aboard the NASA DC-8 research aircraft in summer 2008 as part of the ARCTAS-B field mission, and analyzed for 79 non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) using gas chromatography. Together with simultaneous measurements of CO2, CO, CH4, CH2O, NO2, NO, HCN and CH3CN, these measurements represent the most comprehensive assessment of trace gas emissions from boreal forest fires to date. Based on 105 air samples collected in fresh Canadian smoke plumes, 57 of the 80 measured NMVOCs (including CH2O) were emitted from the fires, including 45 species that were quantified from boreal forest fires for the first time. After CO2, CO and CH4, the largest emission factors (EFs) for individual species were formaldehyde (2.1±0.2 g kg-1), followed by methanol, NO2, HCN, ethene, α-pinene, β-pinene, ethane, benzene, propene, acetone and CH3CN. Globally, we estimate that boreal forest fires release 2.4±0.6 Tg C yr-1 in the form of NMVOCs, with approximately 41% of the carbon released as C1-C2 NMVOCs and 21% as pinenes. These are the first reported field measurements of monoterpene emissions from boreal forest fires, and we speculate that the pinenes, which are relatively heavy molecules, were detected in the ?re plumes as the result of distillation of stored terpenes as the vegetation is heated. Their inclusion in smoke chemistry models is expected to improve model predictions of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. The fire-averaged EF of dichloromethane or CH2Cl2, (6.9±8.6) ×10-4 g kg-1, was not significantly different from zero and supports recent findings that its global biomass burning source appears to have been overestimated. Similarly, we found no evidence for emissions of chloroform (CHCl3) or methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3) from boreal forest fires. The speciated hydrocarbon measurements presented here show the importance of carbon released by short-chain NMVOCs, the strong contribution of pinene emissions from boreal forest fires, and the wide range of compound classes in the most abundantly emitted NMVOCs, all of which can be used to improve biomass burning inventories in local/global models and reduce uncertainties in model estimates of trace gas emissions and their impact on the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forest fires
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Nitrogen dioxide
KW  - Smoke plumes in meteorology
KW  - Canada
N1  - Accession Number: 67474884; Simpson, I. J. 1; Email Address: isimpson@uci.edu; Akagi, S. K. 2; Barletta, B. 1; Blake, N. J. 1; Choi, Y. 3; Diskin, G. S. 3; Fried, A. 4; Fuelberg, H. E. 5; Meinardi, S. 1; Rowland, F. S. 1; Vay, S. A. 3; Weinheimer, A. J. 4; Wennberg, P. O. 6; Wiebring, P. 4; Wisthaler, A. 7; Yang, M. 1,3; Yokelson, R. J. 2; Blake, D. R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Dr., Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 5: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; 6: Division of Engineering and Applied Science and Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 7: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p9515; Thesaurus Term: Forest fires; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen dioxide; Subject Term: Smoke plumes in meteorology; Subject: Canada; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-9515-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=67474884&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Cantrell, C.
AU  - Olson, J.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Weibring, P.
AU  - Walega, J.
AU  - Richter, D.
AU  - Junkermann, W.
AU  - Volkamer, R.
AU  - Sinreich, R.
AU  - Heikes, B. G.
AU  - O'Sullivan, D.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Blake, N.
AU  - Meinardi, S.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Knapp, D.
AU  - Perring, A.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - Detailed comparisons of airborne formaldehyde measurements with box models during the 2006 INTEX-B campaign: potential evidence for unmeasured and multi-generation volatile organic carbon oxidation processing.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 9887
EP  - 9957
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Detailed comparisons of airborne CH2O measurements acquired by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with steady state box model calculations were carried out using data from the 2006 INTEX-B campaign in order to improve our understanding of hydrocarbon oxidation processing. Select previous comparisons in other campaigns have highlighted some locations in the boundary layer where steady state box models have tended to underpredict CH2O, suggesting that standard steady state modeling assumptions might be unsuitable under these conditions, and pointing to a possible role for unmeasured hydrocarbons and/or additional primary emission sources of CH2O. Employing an improved instrument, more detailed measurement-model comparisons with better temporal overlap, up to date measurement and model precision estimates, up to date rate constants, and additional modeling tools based on both Lagrangian and Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) runs, we have explained much of the disagreement between observed and predicted CH2O as resulting from non-steady-state atmospheric conditions in the vicinity of large pollution sources, and have quantified the disagreement as a function of plume lifetime (processing time). We show that in the near-field (within ~4 to 6 h of the source), steady-state models can either over-or-underestimate observations, depending on the predominant non-steady-state influence. In addition, we show that even far field processes (10-40 h) can be influenced by non-steady-state conditions which can be responsible for CH O model underestimations by as much as a factor of 2. At the longer processing times in the 10 to 40 h range during Mexico City outflow events, MCM model calculations, using assumptions about emissions of high-order NMHCs, further indicate the potential importance of CH2O produced from unmeasured and multi-generation hydrocarbon oxidation processing, particularly methylglyoxal and 3-hyroxypropanal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Air analysis
KW  - Absorption spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 67474894; Fried, A. 1; Email Address: fried@ucar.edu; Cantrell, C. 2; Olson, J. 3; Crawford, J. H. 3; Weibring, P. 1; Walega, J. 1; Richter, D. 1; Junkermann, W. 4; Volkamer, R. 5; Sinreich, R. 5; Heikes, B. G. 6; O'Sullivan, D. 7; Blake, D. R. 8; Blake, N. 8; Meinardi, S. 8; Apel, E. 2; Weinheimer, A. 2; Knapp, D. 2; Perring, A. 9; Cohen, R. C. 9; Affiliations: 1: The National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Laboratory, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: The National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; 5: The University of Colorado, Dept. of Chemistry, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: The University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA; 7: United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA; 8: University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 9: University of California, Berkeley, Berkley, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p9887; Thesaurus Term: Formaldehyde; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Air analysis; Thesaurus Term: Absorption spectra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 71p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-9887-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gormly, Sherwin
AU  - Herron, Jack
AU  - Flynn, Michael
AU  - Hammoudeh, Mona
AU  - Shaw, Hali
T1  - Forward osmosis for applications in sustainable energy development.
JO  - Desalination & Water Treatment
JF  - Desalination & Water Treatment
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 27
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 333
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 19443994
AB  - Forward osmosis (FO) provides a method of harvesting the osmotic potential difference between fresh and saline waters to produce electricity. FO occurs when fresh water and saline water are placed on opposite sides of a semi-permeable membrane. When this occurs water naturally flows from the freshwater side of the membrane to the saline side. This water flux continues until the osmotic pressure difference on both sides of the membrane equalize. The water flux will cause the pressure to increase in the saline water. If the saline water is seawater the pressure can reach as high as 410 psi. This pressure can be harvested as hydraulic power, similar to that of a hydroelectric dam. Such a system is called pressure retarded forward osmosis (PRO) and it can be used anywhere fresh water mixes with saline water. The worldwide potential energy of this resource, based on locations where rivers mix with oceans, is reported to be in excess of 1600 tera-watt-hour (TWH) per year [1]. In arid regions, such as California, where few major rivers reach the ocean, the applicability of PRO is limited. In these regions it makes sense to look for alternative sources of fresh water. This project evaluates an approach where, rather than siteing a PRO power plant in ways that potentially impact sensitive costal environments, they are sited at wastewater treatment plants that discharge into the ocean or other sources of saline water and are effective in a comprehensive environmental management and design role. Electricity can then be generated from the mixing of the treatment plants outfall and seawater while providing a high level of additional treatment and environmental protection. In the state of California alone, 1,350 million gallons per day of treated municipal wastewater is discharged into the Pacific Ocean. Using PRO this represents about a 26 megawatt resource. In addition to the electricity produced, the PRO also provides tertiary treatment of the wastewater treatment plant's outfall. It is comparable to treatment with reverse osmosis membranes. The combination of PRO and tertiary treatment (PRO/TT) provides the mutual benefit of sustainable power production and advanced wastewater treatment. This is particularly important in locations where regulation is requiring treatment plants to tertiary treat wastewater. PRO/TT can be used to offset the cost of providing treatment by generating electricity that can be sold for profit or used to help power the treatment plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Desalination & Water Treatment is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Water resources development -- Research
KW  - Industrial wastes
KW  - Wastewater treatment
KW  - Water power -- Research
KW  - Renewable energy sources -- Research
KW  - Osmosis
KW  - Forward osmosis
KW  - Osmotic power
KW  - Osmotic wastewater treatment
KW  - Pressure retarded osmosis
KW  - Water/power nexus
N1  - Accession Number: 62006715; Gormly, Sherwin 1; Email Address: sherwingormly@gmail.com; Herron, Jack 1; Flynn, Michael 2; Email Address: michael.flynn@nasa.gov; Hammoudeh, Mona 3; Shaw, Hali 3; Affiliations: 1: Hydration Technology Innovations, 2484 Ferry St. SW, Albany, OR 97322, USA; 2: Bioengineering Branch, Building 239, MS239-15, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2011, Vol. 27 Issue 1-3, p327; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Water resources development -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Industrial wastes; Thesaurus Term: Wastewater treatment; Thesaurus Term: Water power -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Renewable energy sources -- Research; Subject Term: Osmosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forward osmosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osmotic power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osmotic wastewater treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure retarded osmosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water/power nexus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221111 Hydroelectric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5004/dwt.2011.2596
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WANG, WEILE
AU  - DUNGAN, JENNIFER
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - MICHAELIS, ANDREW R.
AU  - MILESI, CRISTINA
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Diagnosing and assessing uncertainties of terrestrial ecosystem models in a multimodel ensemble experiment: 1. Primary production.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1350
EP  - 1366
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - We conducted an ensemble modeling exercise using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) to evaluate sources of uncertainty in carbon flux estimates resulting from structural differences among ecosystem models. The experiment ran public-domain versions of , and over North America at 8 km resolution and for the period of 1982-2006. We developed the Hierarchical Framework for Diagnosing Ecosystem Models (HFDEM) to separate the simulated biogeochemistry into a cascade of three functional tiers and sequentially examine their characteristics in climate (temperature-precipitation) and other spaces. Analysis of the simulated annual gross primary production (GPP) in the climate domain indicates a general agreement among the models, all showing optimal GPP in regions where the relationship between annual average temperature ( T,  °C) and annual total precipitation ( P, mm) is defined by P=50 T+500. However, differences in simulated GPP are identified in magnitudes and distribution patterns. For forests, the GPP gradient along P=50 T+500 ranges from ∼50 g C yr m  °C () to ∼125 g C yr m  °C () in cold/temperate regions; for nonforests, the diversity among GPP distributions is even larger. Positive linear relationships are found between annual GPP and annual mean leaf area index (LAI) in all models. For and , such relationships lead to a positive feedback from LAI growth to GPP enhancement. Different approaches to constrain this feedback lead to different sensitivity of the models to disturbances such as fire, which contribute significantly to the diversity in GPP stated above. The ratios between independently simulated NPP and GPP are close to 50% on average; however, their distribution patterns vary significantly between models, reflecting the difficulties in estimating autotrophic respiration across various climate regimes. Although these results are drawn from our experiments with the tested model versions, the developed methodology has potential for other model exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Diagnostic examinations
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Ecosystem management
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - North America
KW  - biogeochemistry
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - model intercomparison
KW  - model uncertainty
KW  - multimodel ensemble
KW  - primary production
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem model
N1  - Accession Number: 57680078; WANG, WEILE 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com; DUNGAN, JENNIFER 2; HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 1,2; MICHAELIS, ANDREW R. 1,2; MILESI, CRISTINA 1,2; ICHII, KAZUHITO 3; NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 2; Affiliations: 1: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Japan; Issue Info: Mar2011, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p1350; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Subject Term: Diagnostic examinations; Subject Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: Ecosystem management; Subject Term: Biogeochemistry; Subject: North America; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: model intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: model uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: multimodel ensemble; Author-Supplied Keyword: primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem model; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02309.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=57680078&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WANG, WEILE
AU  - DUNGAN, JENNIFER
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - MICHAELIS, ANDREW R.
AU  - MILESI, CRISTINA
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Diagnosing and assessing uncertainties of terrestrial ecosystem models in a multimodel ensemble experiment: 2. Carbon balance.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1367
EP  - 1378
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - This paper examines carbon stocks and their relative balance in terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Biome-BGC, LPJ, and CASA in an ensemble model experiment conducted using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System. We developed the Hierarchical Framework for Diagnosing Ecosystem Models to separate the simulated biogeochemistry into a cascade of functional tiers and examine their characteristics sequentially. The analyses indicate that the simulated biomass is usually two to three times higher in Biome-BGC than LPJ or CASA. Such a discrepancy is mainly induced by differences in model parameters and algorithms that regulate the rates of biomass turnover. The mean residence time of biomass in Biome-BGC is estimated to be 40-80 years in temperate/moist climate regions, while it mostly varies between 5 and 30 years in CASA and LPJ. A large range of values is also found in the simulated soil carbon. The mean residence time of soil carbon in Biome-BGC and LPJ is ∼200 years in cold regions, which decreases rapidly with increases of temperature at a rate of ∼10 yr °C. Because long-term soil carbon pool is not simulated in CASA, its corresponding mean residence time is only about 10-20 years and less sensitive to temperature. Another key factor that influences the carbon balance of the simulated ecosystem is disturbance caused by wildfire, for which the algorithms vary among the models. Because fire emissions are balanced by net ecosystem production (NEP) at steady states, magnitudes, and spatial patterns of NEP vary significantly as well. Slight carbon imbalance may be left by the spin-up algorithm of the models, which adds uncertainty to the estimated carbon sources or sinks. Although these results are only drawn on the tested model versions, the developed methodology has potential for other model exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Ecological disturbances
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Diagnostic examinations
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - biogeochemistry
KW  - carbon balance
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - model intercomparison
KW  - model uncertainty
KW  - multimodel ensemble
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem model
N1  - Accession Number: 57680074; WANG, WEILE 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com; DUNGAN, JENNIFER 2; HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 1,2; MICHAELIS, ANDREW R. 1,2; MILESI, CRISTINA 1,2; ICHII, KAZUHITO 3; NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 2; Affiliations: 1: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan; Issue Info: Mar2011, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p1367; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Ecological disturbances; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Subject Term: Diagnostic examinations; Subject Term: Carbon; Subject Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: Biomass; Subject Term: Biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: model intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: model uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: multimodel ensemble; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem model; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02315.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=57680074&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WANG, WEILE
AU  - DUNGAN, JENNIFER
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - MICHAELIS, ANDREW R.
AU  - MILESI, CRISTINA
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Diagnosing and assessing uncertainties of terrestrial ecosystem models in a multimodel ensemble experiment: 2. Carbon balance.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1367
EP  - 1378
SN  - 13541013
AB  - This paper examines carbon stocks and their relative balance in terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Biome-BGC, LPJ, and CASA in an ensemble model experiment conducted using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System. We developed the Hierarchical Framework for Diagnosing Ecosystem Models to separate the simulated biogeochemistry into a cascade of functional tiers and examine their characteristics sequentially. The analyses indicate that the simulated biomass is usually two to three times higher in Biome-BGC than LPJ or CASA. Such a discrepancy is mainly induced by differences in model parameters and algorithms that regulate the rates of biomass turnover. The mean residence time of biomass in Biome-BGC is estimated to be 40-80 years in temperate/moist climate regions, while it mostly varies between 5 and 30 years in CASA and LPJ. A large range of values is also found in the simulated soil carbon. The mean residence time of soil carbon in Biome-BGC and LPJ is ∼200 years in cold regions, which decreases rapidly with increases of temperature at a rate of ∼10 yr °C. Because long-term soil carbon pool is not simulated in CASA, its corresponding mean residence time is only about 10-20 years and less sensitive to temperature. Another key factor that influences the carbon balance of the simulated ecosystem is disturbance caused by wildfire, for which the algorithms vary among the models. Because fire emissions are balanced by net ecosystem production (NEP) at steady states, magnitudes, and spatial patterns of NEP vary significantly as well. Slight carbon imbalance may be left by the spin-up algorithm of the models, which adds uncertainty to the estimated carbon sources or sinks. Although these results are only drawn on the tested model versions, the developed methodology has potential for other model exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - Ecological disturbances
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Diagnostic examinations
KW  - Carbon -- Research
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research
KW  - Biomass -- Research
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - biogeochemistry
KW  - carbon balance
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - model intercomparison
KW  - model uncertainty
KW  - multimodel ensemble
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem model
N1  - Accession Number: 57680074; WANG, WEILE 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com; DUNGAN, JENNIFER 2; HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 1,2; MICHAELIS, ANDREW R. 1,2; MILESI, CRISTINA 1,2; ICHII, KAZUHITO 3; NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 2; Affiliations: 1 : California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; 2 : NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3 : Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan;  Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p1367; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Ecological disturbances; Thesaurus Term: Ecology; Subject Term: Diagnostic examinations; Subject Term: Carbon -- Research; Subject Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research; Subject Term: Biomass -- Research; Subject Term: Forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: model intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: model uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: multimodel ensemble; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem model; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02315.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=8gh&AN=57680074&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, A. A.
AU  - Safia, O.H. Abu
AU  - Scardelletti, M. C.
T1  - Design of dual-band bandpass coplanar waveguide filter.
JO  - International Journal of Electronics
JF  - International Journal of Electronics
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 322
SN  - 00207217
AB  - Several recent applications in communications require filters that can operate in two or more frequency bands. The aim of this article is to exploit the advantages of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) to design a dual-band bandpass coplanar waveguide filter (DBBPF). Starting from the prototype of a two pole Chebyshev low pass filter, two frequency transformations are applied to generate the DBBPF's lumped equivalent circuit. These circuits are then implemented using compact CPW series-connected resonators patterned in the centre conductor. The designed filter operates at the two frequency bands centred at 1.7 GHz and 2.7 GHz. Measured results are obtained and compared to HFSS-simulated results with very good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Electronics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - BANDPASS filters
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC resonators
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - bandpass filters
KW  - coplanar waveguide
KW  - dual band
KW  - frequency transformation
KW  - resonators
N1  - Accession Number: 59272088; Omar, A. A. 1; Safia, O.H. Abu 2; Scardelletti, M. C. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 2: Department of Communications Engineering, Hijjawi Faculty of Engineering Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; 3: Nasa Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Mar2011, Vol. 98 Issue 3, p311; Thesaurus Term: PROTOTYPES; Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: BANDPASS filters; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resonators; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Author-Supplied Keyword: bandpass filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual band; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: resonators; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207217.2010.538900
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=59272088&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gibert, Fabien
AU  - Koch, Grady J.
AU  - Beyon, Jeffrey Y.
AU  - Hilton, Timothy W.
AU  - Davis, Kenneth J.
AU  - Andrews, Arlyn
AU  - Flamant, Pierre H.
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - Can CO2 Turbulent Flux Be Measured by Lidar? A Preliminary Study.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 365
EP  - 377
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The vertical profiling of CO2 turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is investigated using a coherent differential absorption lidar (CDIAL) operated nearby a tall tower in Wisconsin during June 2007. A CDIAL can perform simultaneous range-resolved CO2 DIAL and velocity measurements. The lidar eddy covariance technique is presented. The aims of the study are (i) an assessment of performance and current limitation of available CDIAL for CO2 turbulent fluxes and (ii) the derivation of instrument specifications to build a future CDIAL to perform accurate range-resolved CO2 fluxes. Experimental lidar CO2 mixing ratio and vertical velocity profiles are successfully compared with in situ sensors measurements. Time and space integral scales of turbulence in the ABL are addressed that result in limitation for time averaging and range accumulation. A first attempt to infer CO2 fluxes using an eddy covariance technique with currently available 2- μμm CDIAL dataset is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Eddy flux
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Performance evaluation
KW  - Wisconsin
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - Fluxes
KW  - Lidar observations
KW  - Profilers
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 59854622; Gibert, Fabien 1,2; Koch, Grady J. 3; Beyon, Jeffrey Y. 3; Hilton, Timothy W. 2; Davis, Kenneth J. 2; Andrews, Arlyn 4; Flamant, Pierre H. 1; Singh, Upendra N. 3; Affiliations: 1: ** Laboratoire de Méétééorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; 2: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; Issue Info: Mar2011, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p365; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Eddy flux; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Performance evaluation; Subject: Wisconsin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Profilers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JTECHA1446.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=59854622&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dong Wu
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - McCormick, M. Patrick
AU  - Fengqi Yan
T1  - Global cloud-layer distribution statistics from 1 year CALIPSO lidar observations.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/03/10/
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1269
EP  - 1288
SN  - 01431161
AB  - In this paper, the cloud statistics and global cloud distributions are derived from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) level 2, 5 km lidar cloud-layer products between 13 June 2006 and 24 June 2007. The global cloud-layer occurrence frequency, the horizontal and the vertical distributions of cloud-occurrence frequency, the global cloud-top height statistics and their seasonal changes are given for 1 year CALIPSO observations. Opaque cloud-layer statistics are analysed for better understanding the statistics of the clouds observed using CALIPSO. Parts of the results are compared with some results from the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) observations, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) observations and the global rawinsonde observations, the Aqua MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) monthly cloud-fraction data. The comparisons show that results are in agreement with other observations. Due to the primary advance from the active optical sensing, CALIPSO lidar can offer measurements of accurate, highly resolved vertical profiles of atmospheric scattering layers. It has advantages in determining the location of optically thin clouds and detecting occurrences of multiple layers. Long-term observations by CALIPSO lidar can provide valuable information for the better understanding of the climate system and global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Laser communication systems
KW  - Optical communications
KW  - Statistics
N1  - Accession Number: 59530523; Dong Wu 1; Email Address: dongwu@ouc.edu.cn; Yongxiang Hu 2; McCormick, M. Patrick 3; Fengqi Yan 1; Affiliations: 1: Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China.; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, USA.; 3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA.; Issue Info: 3/10/2011, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p1269; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Laser communication systems; Subject Term: Optical communications; Subject Term: Statistics; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160903530821
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=59530523&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bon, D. M.
AU  - Ulbrich, I. M.
AU  - de Gouw, J. A.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Kuster, W. C.
AU  - Alexander, M. L.
AU  - Baker, A.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Fall, R.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Herndon, S. C.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Knighton, W. B.
AU  - Ortega, J.
AU  - Springston, S.
AU  - Vargas, O.
T1  - Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site (T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2399
EP  - 2421
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios were measured with two different instruments at the T1 ground site in Mexico City during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) campaign in March of 2006. A gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) quantified 18 light alkanes, alkenes and acetylene while a proton-transfer-reaction iontrap mass spectrometer (PIT-MS) quantified 12 VOC species including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics. A GC separation system was used in conjunction with the PIT-MS (GC-PIT-MS) to evaluate PIT-MS measurements and to aid in the identification of unknown VOCs. The VOC measurements are also compared to simultaneous canister samples and to two independent proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) deployed on a mobile and an airborne platform during MILAGRO. VOC diurnal cycles demonstrate the large influence of vehicle traffic and liquid propane gas (LPG) emissions during the night and photochemical processing during the afternoon. Emission ratios for VOCs and OVOCs relative to CO are derived from early-morning measurements. Average emission ratios for non-oxygenated species relative to CO are on average a factor of ∼2 higher than measured for US cities. Emission ratios for OVOCs are estimated and compared to literature values the northeastern US and to tunnel studies in California. Positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) is used to provide insight into VOC sources and processing. Three PMF factors were distinguished by the analysis including the emissions from vehicles, the use of liquid propane gas and the production of secondary VOCs + long-lived species. Emission ratios to CO calculated from the results of PMF analysis are compared to emission ratios calculated directly from measurements. The total PIT-MS signal is summed to estimate the fraction of identified versus unidentified VOC species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Alkanes
KW  - Alkenes
KW  - Gas chromatography
KW  - Proton transfer reactions
KW  - Suburbs
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 65546045; Bon, D. M. 1,2,3; Ulbrich, I. M. 2,3; de Gouw, J. A. 1,2; Email Address: joost.degouw@noaa.gov; Warneke, C. 1,2; Kuster, W. C. 1; Alexander, M. L. 4; Baker, A. 5; Beyersdorf, A. J. 6; Blake, D. 5; Fall, R. 2,3; Jimenez, J. L. 2,3; Herndon, S. C. 7; Huey, L. G. 8; Knighton, W. B. 9; Ortega, J. 10; Springston, S. 11; Vargas, O. 8; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; 5: University of California, Irvine, California, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 7: Aerodyne Research Inc. Billerca, Massachusetts, USA; 8: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 9: Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 11: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p2399; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Alkanes; Thesaurus Term: Alkenes; Thesaurus Term: Gas chromatography; Subject Term: Proton transfer reactions; Subject Term: Suburbs; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-2399-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brock, C. A.
AU  - Cozic, J.
AU  - Bahreini, R.
AU  - Froyd, K. D.
AU  - Middlebrook, A. M.
AU  - McComiskey, A.
AU  - Brioude, J.
AU  - Cooper, O. R.
AU  - Stohl, A.
AU  - Aikin, K. C.
AU  - de Gouw, J. A.
AU  - Fahey, D. W.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Gao, R. -S.
AU  - Gore, W.
AU  - Holloway, J. S.
AU  - Hübler, G.
AU  - Jefferson, A.
AU  - Lack, D. A.
AU  - Lance, S.
T1  - Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) Project.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2423
EP  - 2453
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We present an overview of the background, scientific goals, and execution of the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) project of April 2008. We then summarize airborne measurements, made in the troposphere of the Alaskan Arctic, of aerosol particle size distributions, composition, and optical properties and discuss the sources and transport of the aerosols. The aerosol data were grouped into four categories based on gas-phase composition. First, the background troposphere contained a relatively diffuse, sulfate-rich aerosol extending from the top of the sea-ice inversion layer to 7.4 km altitude. Second, a region of depleted (relative to the background) aerosol was present within the surface inversion layer over sea-ice. Third, layers of dense, organic-rich smoke from open biomass fires in southern Russia and southeastern Siberia were frequently encountered at all altitudes from the top of the inversion layer to 7.1 km. Finally, some aerosol layers were dominated by components originating from fossil fuel combustion. Of these four categories measured during ARCPAC, the diffuse background aerosol was most similar to the average springtime aerosol properties observed at a long-term monitoring site at Barrow, Alaska. The biomass burning (BB) and fossil fuel layers were present above the sea-ice inversion layer and did not reach the sea-ice surface during the course of the ARCPAC measurements. The BB aerosol layers were highly scattering and were moderately hygroscopic. On average, the layers produced a noontime net heating of ∼0.1Kday-1 between 3 and 7 km and a slight cooling at the surface. The ratios of particle mass to carbon monoxide (CO) in the BB plumes, which had been transported over distances >5000 km, were comparable to the high end of literature values derived from previous measurements in wildfire smoke. These ratios suggest minimal precipitation scavenging and removal of the BB particles between the time they were emitted and the time they were observed in dense layers above the sea-ice inversion layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Fossil fuels
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 65546046; Brock, C. A. 1; Email Address: charles.a.brock@noaa.gov; Cozic, J. 2; Bahreini, R. 1,3; Froyd, K. D. 1,3; Middlebrook, A. M. 1; McComiskey, A. 1,3; Brioude, J. 1,3; Cooper, O. R. 1,3; Stohl, A. 4; Aikin, K. C. 1,3; de Gouw, J. A. 1,3; Fahey, D. W. 1,3; Ferrare, R. A. 5; Gao, R. -S. 1; Gore, W. 6; Holloway, J. S. 1,3; Hübler, G. 1,3; Jefferson, A. 1; Lack, D. A. 1,3; Lance, S. 1,3; Affiliations: 1: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l'Environnement, Grenoble, France; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Norsk Institutt for Luftforskning, Kjeller, Norway; 5: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 6: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p2423; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Fossil fuels; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-2423-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barletta, B.
AU  - Nissenson, P.
AU  - Meinardi, S.
AU  - Dabdub, D.
AU  - Rowland, F. Sherwood
AU  - VanCuren, R. A.
AU  - Pederson, J.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
T1  - HFC-152a and HFC-134a emission estimates and characterization of CFCs, CFC replacements, and other halogenated solvents measured during the 2008 ARCTAS campaign (CARB phase) over the South Coast Air Basin of California.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2655
EP  - 2669
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This work presents results from the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) study. Whole air samples were obtained on board research flights that flew over California during June 2008 and analyzed for selected volatile organic compounds, including several halo-genated species. Samples collected over the South Coast Air Basin of California (SoCAB), which includes much of Los Angeles (LA) County, were compared with samples from inflow air masses over the Pacific Ocean. The levels of many halocarbon species were enhanced significantly over the SoCAB, including compounds regulated by the Montreal Protocol and subsequent amendments. Emissions estimates of HFC-152a (1,1-difluoroethane, CH3CHF2; 0.82±0.11Gg) and HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, CH2FCF3; 1.16±0.22Gg) in LA County for 2008 were obtained using the observed HFC:carbon monoxide (CO) enhancement ratio. Emission rates also were calculated for the SoCAB (1.60±0.22Gg yr-1 for HFC-152a and 2.12±0.28Gg yr-1 for HFC-134a) and then extrapolated to the United States (32±4Gg yr-1 for HFC-152a and 43±6Gg yr-1 for HFC-134a) using population data. In addition, emission rates of the two HFCs in LA County and SoCAB were calculated by a second method that utilizes air quality modeling. Emissions estimates obtained using both methods differ by less than 25% for the LA County and less than 45% for the SoCAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chlorofluorocarbons
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Solvents
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Los Angeles County (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 65546059; Barletta, B. 1; Email Address: bbarlett@uci.edu; Nissenson, P. 2; Meinardi, S. 1; Dabdub, D. 2; Rowland, F. Sherwood 1; VanCuren, R. A. 3; Pederson, J. 3; Diskin, G. S. 4; Blake, D. R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, 92697 CA, USA; 2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, 92697 CA, USA; 3: Research Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, 95812 CA, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, 23681 VA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p2655; Thesaurus Term: Chlorofluorocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Solvents; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Subject: Los Angeles County (Calif.); Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-2655-2011
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Li
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - J. Huang
AU  - Stamnes, K.
AU  - Yi, Y.
AU  - Stamnes, S.
T1  - A new method for retrieval of the extinction coefficient of water clouds by using the tail of the CALIOP signal.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2903
EP  - 2916
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - A method is developed based on Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) level 1 attenuated backscatter profile data for deriving the mean extinction coefficient of water droplets close to cloud top. The method is applicable to low level (cloud top <2 km), opaque water clouds in which the lidar signal is completely attenuated beyond about 100m of penetration into the cloud. The photo multiplier tubes (PMTs) of the 532 nm detectors (parallel and perpendicular polarizations) of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) both exhibit a non-ideal recovery of the lidar signal after striking a strongly backscattering target (such as water cloud or surface). Therefore, the effects of any transient responses of CALIOP on the attenuated backscatter profile of the water cloud must first be removed in order to obtain a reliable (validated) attenuated backscatter profile. Then, the slope of the exponential decay of the validated water cloud attenuated backscatter profile, and the multiple scattering factor are used for deriving the mean extinction coefficient of low-level water cloud droplets close to cloud top. This novel method was evaluated and compared with the previous method which combined the cloud effective radius (3.7-µm) reported by MODIS with the lidar depolarization ratios measured by CALIPSO to estimate the mean extinction coefficient. Statistical results show that the extinction coefficients derived by the new method based on CALIOP alone agree reasonbably well with those obtained in the previous study using combined CALIOP and MODIS data. The mean absolute relative difference in extinction coefficient is about 13.4%. An important advantage of the new method is that it can be used to derive the extinction coefficient also during night time, and it is also applicable when multi-layered clouds are present. Overall, the stratocumulus dominated regions experience larger day-night differences which are all negative and seasonal. However, a contrary tendency consisted in the global mean values. The global mean cloud water extinction coefficients during different seasons range from 26 to 30 km-1, and the differences between day and night time are all positive and small (about 1--2 km-1). In addition, the global mean layer-integrated depolarization ratios of liquid water clouds during different seasons range from 0.2 to 0.23, and the differences between day and night also are small, about 0.01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Water
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Attenuation (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 65546075; J. Li 1; Hu, Y. 2,3; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov; J. Huang 1; Stamnes, K. 2; Yi, Y. 4; Stamnes, S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China; 2: Dept. of Physics and Engineering, Stevens Institute of Tech., Hoboken, NJ, USA; 3: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p2903; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Water; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Attenuation (Physics); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-2903-2011
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maloney, Phillip
AU  - DeVor, Robert
AU  - Novaes-Card, Simone
AU  - Saitta, Erin
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline
AU  - Clausen, Christian A.
AU  - Geiger, Cherie L.
T1  - Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls using magnesium and acidified alcohols
JO  - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF  - Journal of Hazardous Materials
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 187
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 235
EP  - 240
SN  - 03043894
AB  - Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely used in industry until their regulation in the 1970s. However, due to their inherent stability, they are still a widespread environmental contaminant. A novel method of degradation of PCBs (via hydrodehalogenation) has been observed using magnesium powder, a carboxylic acid, and alcohol solvents and is described in this paper. The rates of degradation were determined while varying the type of acid (formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, benzoic, ascorbic, and phosphoric), the amount of magnesium from 0.05 to 0.25g, the amount of acetic acid from 0.5 to 50μL and the concentration of PCB-151 from 0.1 to 50μg/mL, as well as the alcohol solvent (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, octanol, and decanol). The results of these studies indicate that the most rapid PCB dechlorination is achieved using a matrix consisting of at least 0.02gMg/mL ethanol, and 10μL acetic acid/mL ethanol in which case 50ng/μL of PCB-151 is dechlorinated in approximately 40min. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Hazardous Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polychlorinated biphenyls
KW  - Magnesium
KW  - Biodegradation
KW  - Acidification
KW  - Ethanol
KW  - Acetic acid
KW  - Decomposition (Chemistry)
KW  - Alcohols (Chemical class)
KW  - Stability (Mechanics)
KW  - Dechlorination
KW  - Polychlorinated biphenyl
N1  - Accession Number: 58750184; Maloney, Phillip 1; DeVor, Robert 1,2; Novaes-Card, Simone 1; Saitta, Erin 1; Quinn, Jacqueline 3; Clausen, Christian A. 1; Geiger, Cherie L. 1; Email Address: cgeiger@mail.ucf.edu; Affiliations: 1: University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, United States; 2: ASRC Aerospace, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32815, United States; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32815, United States; Issue Info: Mar2011, Vol. 187 Issue 1-3, p235; Thesaurus Term: Polychlorinated biphenyls; Thesaurus Term: Magnesium; Thesaurus Term: Biodegradation; Thesaurus Term: Acidification; Thesaurus Term: Ethanol; Thesaurus Term: Acetic acid; Thesaurus Term: Decomposition (Chemistry); Subject Term: Alcohols (Chemical class); Subject Term: Stability (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dechlorination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polychlorinated biphenyl; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312140 Distilleries; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.006
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, M.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Spak, S. N.
AU  - Adhikary, B.
AU  - Kulkarni, S.
AU  - Cheng, Y.
AU  - Wei, C.
AU  - Tang, Y.
AU  - D'Allura, A.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Huey, G. L.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Kaduwela, A.
AU  - Cai, C.
AU  - Wong, M.
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Al-Saadi, J. A.
T1  - Multi-scale modeling study of the source contributions to near-surface ozone and sulfur oxides levels over California during the ARCTAS-CARB period.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3173
EP  - 3194
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Chronic high surface ozone (O3) levels and the increasing sulfur oxides (SOx = SO2+SO4) ambient concentrations over South Coast (SC) and other areas of California (CA) are affected by both local emissions and long-range transport. In this paper, multi-scale tracer, full-chemistry and adjoint simulations using the STEM atmospheric chemistry model are conducted to assess the contribution of local emission sources to SC O3 and to evaluate the impacts of transported sulfur and local emissions on the SC sulfur budget during the ARCTAS-CARB experiment period in 2008. Senstivity simulations quantify contributions of biogenic and fire emissions to SC O3 levels. California biogenic and fire emissions contribute 3-4ppb to near-surface O3 over SC, with larger contributions to other regions in CA. During a long-range transport event from Asia starting from 22 June, high SOx levels (up to ~0.7 ppb of SO2 and ~ 1.3 ppb of SO4) is observed above ~6 km, but they did not affect CA surface air quality. The elevated SOx observed at 1-4 km is estimated to enhance surface SOx over SC by ~0.25 ppb (upper limit) on ~24 June. The near-surface SOx levels over SC during the flight week are attributed mostly to local emissions. Two anthropogenic SOx emission inventories (Els) from the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are compared and applied in 60 km and 12 km chemical transport simulations, and the results are compared with observations. The CARB El shows improvements over the National Emission Inventory (NEI) by EPA, but generally underestimates surface SC SOx, by about a factor of two. Adjoint sensitivity analysis indicated that SO2 levels at 00:00 UTC (17:00 local time) at six SC surface sites were influenced by previous day maritime emissions over the ocean, the terrestrial emissions over nearby urban areas, and by transported SO2 from the north through both terrestrial and maritime areas. Overall maritime emissions contribute 10-70% of SO2 and 20-60% fine SO4 on-shore and over the most terrestrial areas, with contributions decreasing with inland distance from the coast. Maritime emissions also modify the photochemical environment, shifting O3 production over coastal SC to more VOC-limited conditions. These suggest an important role for shipping emission controls in reducing fine particle and 03 concentrations in SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Surface chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Multiscale modeling
KW  - Ozone -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Sulfur oxides -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 64441755; Huang, M. 1; Email Address: mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.cdu; Carmichael, G. R. 1; Spak, S. N. 1; Adhikary, B. 1,2; Kulkarni, S. 1; Cheng, Y. 1; Wei, C. 1; Tang, Y. 3; D'Allura, A. 4; Wennberg, P. O. 5; Huey, G. L. 6; Dibb, J. E. 7; Jimenez, J. L. 8; Cubison, M. J. 8; Weinheimer, A. J. 9; Kaduwela, A. 10; Cai, C. 10; Wong, M. 11; Pierce, R. Bradley 12; Al-Saadi, J. A. 13; Affiliations: 1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 2: School of Engineering, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal; 3: Meso-scale modeling, NOAA/NCEP/EMC, W/NP2, NOAA. Camp Springs, MD, USA; 4: ARIANET Srl, Milano, Italy; 5: Department of Environmental Science and Engineering and Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 6: School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Geogia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 7: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH. USA; 8: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 9: NCAR, Boulder, CO. USA; 10: California Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA. USA; 11: Department of Geography, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 12: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI, USA; 13: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p3173; Thesaurus Term: Surface chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: Multiscale modeling; Subject Term: Ozone -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Sulfur oxides -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject: California; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 12 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp- 11-3173-2011
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Foy, B.
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Wiedinmyer, C.
AU  - Molina, L. T.
T1  - Aerosol plume transport and transformation in high spectral resolution lidar measurements and WRF-Flexpart simulations during the MILAGRO Field Campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3543
EP  - 3563
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) experiences high loadings of atmospheric aerosols from anthropogenic sources, biomass burning and wind-blown dust. This paper uses a combination of measurements and numerical simulations to identify different plumes affecting the basin and to characterize transformation inside the plumes. The High Spectral Resolution Lidar on board the NASA LaRC B-200 King Air aircraft measured extinction coefficients and extinction to backscatter ratio at 532 nm, and backscatter coefficients and depolarization ratios at 532 and 1064 nm. These can be used to identify aerosol types. The measurement curtains are compared with particle trajectory simulations using WRF-Flexpart for different source groups. The good correspondence between measurements and simulations suggests that the aerosol transport is sufficiently well characterized by the models to estimate aerosol types and ages. Plumes in the basin undergo complex transport, and are frequently mixed together. Urban aerosols are readily identifiable by their low depolarization ratios and high lidar ratios, and dust by the opposite properties. Fresh biomass burning plumes have very low depolarization ratios which increase rapidly with age. This rapid transformation is consistent with the presence of atmospheric tar balls in the fresh plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Dust storms
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Backscattering
N1  - Accession Number: 64441779; de Foy, B. 1; Email Address: bdefoy@slu.edu; Burton, S. P. 2; Ferrare, R. A. 2; Hostetler, C. A. 2; Hair, J. W. 2; Wiedinmyer, C. 3; Molina, L. T. 4,5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, MO, US; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: National Center of Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, CA, USA; 5: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p3543; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Dust storms; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Backscattering; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-3543-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liang, Q.
AU  - Rodriguez, J. M.
AU  - Douglass, A. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Bian, H.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Brune, W.
AU  - Chin, M.
AU  - Colarco, P. R.
AU  - Silva, A. da
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Duncan, B. N.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Montzka, D. D.
AU  - Nielsen, J. E.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Pawson, S.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
T1  - Reactive nitrogen, ozone and ozone production in the Arctic troposphere and the impact of stratosphere-troposphere exchange.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 10721
EP  - 10767
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We analyze the aircraft observations obtained during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellite (ARCTAS) mission together with the GEOS-5 CO simulation to examine O3 and NOy in the Arctic and sub-Arctic region and their source attribution. Using a number of marker tracers and their probability density distributions, we distinguish various air masses from the background troposphere and examine their contribution to NOx, O3, and O3 production in the Arctic troposphere. The background Arctic troposphere has mean O3 of ~60 ppbv and NOx of ~25 pptv throughout spring and summer with CO decreases from ~145 ppbv in spring to ~100 ppbv in summer. These observed CO, NOx and O3 mixing ratios are not notably different from the values measured during the 1988 ABLE-3A and the 2002 TOPSE field campaigns despite the significant changes in the past two decades in processes that could have changed the Arctic tropospheric composition. Air masses associated with stratosphere-troposphere exchange are present throughout the mid and upper troposphere during spring and summer. These air masses with mean O3 concentration of 140-160 ppbv are the most important direct sources of O3 in the Arctic troposphere. In addition, air of stratospheric origin is the only notable driver of net O3 formation in the Arctic due to its sustainable high NOx (75 pptv in spring and 110 pptv in summer) and NOy (~800 pptv in spring and ~1100 pptv in summer) levels. The ARC-TAS measurements present observational evidence suggesting significant conversion of nitrogen from HNO3 to NOy and then to PAN (a net formation of ~120 pptv PAN) in summer when air of stratospheric origin is mixed with tropospheric background during stratosphere-to-troposphere transport. These findings imply that an adequate representation of stratospheric O3 and NOy input are essential in accurately simulating O3 and NOx photochemistry as well as the atmospheric budget of PAN in tropospheric chemistry transport models of the Arctic. Anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution plumes observed during ARCTAS show highly elevated hydrocarbons and NOy (mostly in the form of NOx and PAN), but do not contribute significantly to O3 in the Arctic troposphere except in some of the aged biomass burning plumes sampled during spring. Convection and/or lightning influences are negligible sources of O3 in the Arctic troposphere but can have significant impacts in the upper troposphere in the continental sub-Arctic during summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - Density functionals
N1  - Accession Number: 67065540; Liang, Q. 1,2; Email Address: qing.liang@nasa.gov; Rodriguez, J. M. 1; Douglass, A. R. 1; Crawford, J. H. 3; Apel, E. 4; Bian, H. 1,2; Blake, D. R. 5; Brune, W. 6; Chin, M. 1; Colarco, P. R. 1; Silva, A. da 7; Diskin, G. S. 3; Duncan, B. N. 1; Huey, L. G. 8; Knapp, D. J. 4; Montzka, D. D. 4; Nielsen, J. E. 7,9; Olson, J. R. 3; Pawson, S. 10; Weinheimer, A. J. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Code 613.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: Goddard Earth Sciences & Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Maryland, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton,VA 23681-2199, USA; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Dr., Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 5: University of California, 570 Rowland Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 6: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 8: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 9: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA; 10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Code 610.1 Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p10721; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject Term: Density functionals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-10721-2011
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khosrawi, F.
AU  - Urban, J.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Voelger, P.
AU  - Achtert, P.
AU  - Kaphlanov, M.
AU  - Murtagh, D.
AU  - Fricke, K.-H.
T1  - Denitrification and polar stratospheric cloud formation during the Arctic winter 2009/2010.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 11379
EP  - 11415
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The sedimentation of HNO3 containing Polar Stratospheric Cloud (PSC) particles leads to a permanent removal of HNO3 and thus to a denitrification of the stratosphere, an effect which plays an important role in stratospheric ozone depletion. The polar vortex in the Arctic winter 2009/2010 was very cold and stable between end of December and end of January. Strong denitrification was observed in the Arctic in mid of January by the Odin Sub Millimetre Radiometer (Odin/SMR) which was the strongest denitrification that had been observed in the entire Odin/SMR measuring period (2001-2010). Lidar measurements of PSCs were performed in the area of Kiruna, Northern Sweden with the IRF (Institutet för Rymdfysik) lidar and with the Esrange lidar in January 2010. The measurements show that PSCs were present over the area of Kiruna during the entire period of observations. The formation of PSCs during the Arctic winter 2009/2010 is investigated using a microphysical box model. Box model simulations are performed along air parcel trajectories calculated six days backward according to the PSC measurements with the ground-based lidar in the Kiruna area. From the temperature history of the trajectories and the box model simulations we find two PSC regions, one over Kiruna according to the measurements made in Kiruna and one north of Scandinavia which is much colder, reaching also temperatures below Tice. Using the box model simulations along backward trajectories together with the observations of Odin/SMR, CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) and the ground-based lidar we investigate how and by which type of PSC particles the denitrification that was observed during the Arctic winter 2009/2010 was caused. From our analysis we find that due to an unusually strong synoptic cooling event in mid January, ice particle formation on NAT may be a possible mechanism that caused denitrification during the Arctic winter 2009/2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Sedimentation analysis
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Polar vortex
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 67065555; Khosrawi, F. 1; Urban, J. 2; Pitts, M. C. 3; Voelger, P. 4; Achtert, P. 1; Kaphlanov, M. 1; Murtagh, D. 2; Fricke, K.-H.; Affiliations: 1: MISU, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 2: Department of Radio and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; 4: Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Kiruna, Sweden; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p11379; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentation analysis; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Polar vortex; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-11379-2011
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Ortega, A. M.
AU  - Hayes, P. L.
AU  - Farmer, D. K.
AU  - Day, D.
AU  - Lechner, M. J.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fisher, J. A.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Hecobian, A.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Riemer, D.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Sessions, W.
AU  - Weber, R. J.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
T1  - Effects of aging on organic aerosol from open biomass burning smoke in aircraft and lab studies.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 12103
EP  - 12140
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Biomass burning (BB) is a large source of primary and secondary organic aerosols (POA and SOA). This study addresses the physical and chemical evolution of BB organic aerosols. Firstly, the evolution and lifetime of BB POA and SOA signatures observed with the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer are investigated, focusing on measurements at high-latitudes acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS mission, in comparison to data from other field studies and from laboratory aging experiments. The parameter f 60, the ratio of the integrated signal at m/z 60 to the total signal in the organic component mass spectrum, is used as a marker to study the rate of oxidation and fate of the BB POA. A background level of f60 ~0.3% ± 0.06% for SOA-dominated ambient OA is shown to be an appropriate background level for this tracer. Using also f44 as a tracer for SOA and aged POA, a novel graphical method is presented to characterise the aging of BB plumes. Similar trends of decreasing f and increasing f44 with aging are observed in most field and lab studies. At least some very aged BB plumes retain a clear f60 signature. A statistically significant difference in f60 between highly-oxygenated OA of BB and non-BB origin is observed using this tracer, consistent with a substantial contribution of BBOA to the springtime Arctic aerosol burden in 2008. Secondly, a summary is presented of results on the net enhancement of OA with aging of BB plumes, which shows large variability. The estimates of net OA gain range from ΔOA/ΔCO(mass)= -0.01 to ~0.07, with a mean ΔOA/POA ~25%. With these ratios and global inventories of BB CO and POA a global net OA source due to aging of BB plumes of ~9 TgOA yr-1 is estimated, of the order of 5% of recent total OA source estimates. Further field data following BB plume advection should be a focus of future research in order to better constrain this potentially important contribution to the OA burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Service life (Engineering)
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 67065574; Cubison, M. J. 1,2; Email Address: michael.cubison@colorado.edu; Ortega, A. M. 1,3; Hayes, P. L. 1,2; Farmer, D. K. 1,2; Day, D. 1,2; Lechner, M. J. 1; Brune, W. H. 4; Apel, E. 5; Diskin, G. S. 6; Fisher, J. A. 7; Fuelberg, H. E. 8; Hecobian, A. 9; Knapp, D. J. 5; Mikoviny, T. 10; Riemer, D. 11; Sachse, G. W. 12; Sessions, W. 8; Weber, R. J. 9; Weinheimer, A. J. 5; Wisthaler, A. 10; Affiliations: 1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; 8: Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; 9: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 10: Institut für Ionenphysik & Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 11: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; 12: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p12103; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Service life (Engineering); Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-12103-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peterson, H. S.
AU  - Beasley, W. H.
T1  - Possible catalytic effects of ice particles on the production of NOx by lightning discharges.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 12649
EP  - 12670
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - It is well known that lightning produces NOx as a result of the high temperatures in discharge channels. Since most viable proposed electrification mechanisms involve ice crystals, it is reasonable to assume that lightning discharge channels frequently pass through fields of ice particles of various kinds. We address the question of whether ice crystals may serve as catalysts for the production of NOx by lightning discharges. If so, and if the effect is large, it would need to be taken into account in estimates of global NOx production by lightning. In this study, we make a series of plausible assumptions about the temperature and concentration of reactant species in the environment of discharges and we postulate a mechanism by which ice crystals are able to adsorb nitrogen atoms. We then compare production rates between uncatalyzed and catalyzed reactions at 2000 K, 3000 K, and 4000 K, which are reasonable temperatures in lightning channels as they cool down. Catalyzed NO production rates are greater at 2000 K, whereas uncatalyzed production rates are greater at 4000K. This effect may be relevant to the question of the relative importance of cloud-to-ground and in-cloud lightning for NOx production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Catalysis
KW  - Cloud electrification
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Temperature effect
KW  - Electric discharges
KW  - High temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 67065587; Peterson, H. S. 1; Email Address: harold.peterson@nasa.gov; Beasley, W. H. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Space Science and Technology Center, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA; 2: University of Oklahoma, School of Meteorology, 120 David L Boren Blvd Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p12649; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Catalysis; Subject Term: Cloud electrification; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Temperature effect; Subject Term: Electric discharges; Subject Term: High temperatures; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-12649-2011
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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Extravehicular Suit Impact Load Attenuation Study to Improve Astronaut Bone Fracture Prediction.
AU  - Sulkowski, Christina M.
AU  - Gilkey, Kelly M.
AU  - Lewandowski, Beth E.
AU  - Samorezov, Sergey
AU  - Myers Jr., Jerry C.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 82
IS  - 4
SP  - 455
EP  - 462
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 59780861; Author: Sulkowski, Christina M. Author: Gilkey, Kelly M. Author: Lewandowski, Beth E.: 1 email: beth.e.lewandowski@nasa.gov. Author: Samorezov, Sergey Author: Myers Jr., Jerry C. ; Author Affiliation: 1 NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20110406
N2  - Introduction: Understanding the contributions to the risk of bone fracture during spaceflight is essential for mission success. Methods: A pressurized extravehicular activity (EVA) suit analogue test bed was developed, impact load attenuation data were obtained, and the load at the hip of an astronaut who falls to the side during an EVA was charac- terized. Offset (representing the gap between the EVA suit and the astro- naut's body), impact load magnitude, and EVA suit operating pressure were factors varied in the study. The attenuation data were incorporated into a probabilistic model of bone fracture risk during spaceflight, re- placing the previous load attenuation value that was based on commer- cial hip protector data. Results: Load attenuation was more dependent on offset than on pressurization or load magnitude, especially at small offset values. Load attenuation factors for offsets between 0.1-1.5 cm were 0.69 ± 0.15, 0.49 ± 0.22, and 0.35 ± 0.18 for mean impact forces of 4827, 6400, and 8467 N, respectively. Load attenuation factors for offsets of 2.8-5.3 cm were 0.93 ± 0.2, 0.94 ± 0.1, and 0.84 ± 0.5 for the same mean impact forces. The mean and 95E5 percentile bone frac- ture risk index predictions were each reduced by 65-83%. The mean and 9515 percentile bone fracture probability predictions were both re- duced approximately 20-50%. Discussion: The reduction in uncertainty and improved confidence in bone fracture predictions increased the fi- delity and credibility of the fracture risk model and its benefit to mission design and in-flight operational decisions. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *WOUNDS & injuries
KW  - *FRACTURES
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - RISK factors
KW  - SPACE suits
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - bone mineral density
KW  - impact load to hip
KW  - non-conformal fit
KW  - side fall
KW  - space exploration missions
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valdivia-Silva, Julio E.
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - Ortega-Gutierrez, Fernando
AU  - Fletcher, Lauren E.
AU  - Perez-Montaño, Saúl
AU  - Condori-Apaza, Reneé
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Multidisciplinary approach of the hyperarid desert of Pampas de La Joya in southern Peru as a new Mars-like soil analog
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 75
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1975
EP  - 1991
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The distribution of living organisms, organic matter, and chemical properties in Mars-like environments on Earth can be used as a model to guide the investigation of possible habitable environments on Mars. This work aims to demonstrate that the place known informally as the “Mar de Cuarzo” (Sea of Quartz) in the Pampas de La Joya desert southern Peru (between 16°S and 17°S latitude), contains soils with characteristics similar to those found on the Martian surface. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we studied the environmental data, geology, organic matter content, oxidant activity, and microbiology of this area. Our data show that (1) Mar de Cuarzo is a hyper arid area with a lower concentration of organic matter than those found in the Mars-like soils from Yungay area (Atacama Desert in Chile), while at the same time having, comparable extreme environmental conditions, and very low levels of microorganisms. (2) The detrital components of the soils come essentially from the Andean volcanic chain and local outcrops of Precambrian gneisses and Cretaceous granitic batholiths. (3) The presence of microclimates, geomorphological features, and the high influence of the “El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)” allowed the formation of exotic and heterogeneous chemical deposits in these soils, including iron oxides, sulfates, and other evaporites. (4) Thermal volatilization in these soils (using methods similar to the Viking and Phoenix instruments) shows high oxidant activity. (5) Labeled release experiment (similar to the Viking instrument) shows high degradation of nutrients added in these soils. Altogether, the Mar de Cuarzo area in the Pampas de La Joya is an interesting place for astrobiological studies as a new analog to Mars, and for comparative analyses with other hyperarid analogs as Yungay. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - Geology
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Peru
N1  - Accession Number: 59173041; Valdivia-Silva, Julio E. 1,2; Email Address: jvsilva@nucleares.unam.mx; Navarro-González, Rafael 1; Ortega-Gutierrez, Fernando 3; Fletcher, Lauren E. 2; Perez-Montaño, Saúl 4; Condori-Apaza, Reneé 2; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, México DF 04510, Mexico; 2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 95054, USA; 3: Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, México DF 04510, Mexico; 4: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0236, USA; Issue Info: Apr2011, Vol. 75 Issue 7, p1975; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Thesaurus Term: Geology; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Exobiology; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject: Peru; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.017
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hagler, Ping
AU  - Johnson, R. Wayne
AU  - Chen, Liang-Yu
T1  - SiC Die Attach Metallurgy and Processes for Applications up to 500 ^\circC.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 630
EP  - 639
SN  - 21563950
AB  - The challenges of packaging SiC-based electronics for high-temperature applications include their high operating temperatures, wide thermal cycle ranges, and, sometimes, high currents and high voltages. As a result, the selection of metallurgy for high-temperature SiC die attach is crucial to a successful package design, which involves chip metallization, substrate metallization, and die attach alloy. This paper examines off-eutectic Au–Sn as the die attach alloy with a PtAu thick film metallization on AlN substrates. A pure Au thick film layer was printed over the PtAu thick film layer. AlN substrates metalized with refractory MoMn and electroplated Ni/Au were also used. Two different die attach approaches have been investigated, using Sn–Au–Sn off-eutectic thick foil and limited-volume eutectic AuSn (80/20 wt.%) preform. The SiC backside metallizations evaluated were Ti/TaSi2/Pt/Au and Cr/NiCr/Au. Die shear tests were performed after aging at 500 ^\circC and after thermal cycling. The shear test results and failure surface analysis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC packaging
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - REFRACTORY materials
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - ELECTROPLATING
KW  - EUTECTIC alloys
KW  - Die attach
KW  - die metallization
KW  - Gold
KW  - high temperature
KW  - liquid transient phase bonding
KW  - Metallization
KW  - Microassembly
KW  - Silicon carbide
KW  - Substrates
KW  - Tin
N1  - Accession Number: 69665467; Hagler, Ping 1; Johnson, R. Wayne 2; Chen, Liang-Yu 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Defense, Missile Defense Agency, Washington D.C., USA; 2: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Apr2011, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p630; Thesaurus Term: ELECTRONIC packaging; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: REFRACTORY materials; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: ELECTROPLATING; Subject Term: EUTECTIC alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Die attach; Author-Supplied Keyword: die metallization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: liquid transient phase bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metallization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microassembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tin; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TCPMT.2011.2106160
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=69665467&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Liu, Xu
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Strow, L. Larrabee
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Schlussel, Peter
AU  - Calbet, Xavier
T1  - Global Land Surface Emissivity Retrieved From Satellite Ultraspectral IR Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1277
EP  - 1290
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Ultraspectral resolution infrared (IR) radiances obtained from nadir observations provide information about the atmosphere, surface, aerosols, and clouds. Surface spectral emissivity (SSE) and surface skin temperature from current and future operational satellites can and will reveal critical information about the Earth's ecosystem and land-surface-type properties, which might be utilized as a means of long-term monitoring of the Earth's environment and global climate change. In this study, fast radiative transfer models applied to the atmosphere under all weather conditions are used for atmospheric profile and surface or cloud parameter retrieval from ultraspectral and/or hyperspectral spaceborne IR soundings. An inversion scheme, dealing with cloudy as well as cloud-free radiances observed with ultraspectral IR sounders, has been developed to simultaneously retrieve atmospheric thermodynamic and surface or cloud microphysical parameters. This inversion scheme has been applied to the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). Rapidly produced SSE is initially evaluated through quality control checks on the retrievals of other impacted surface and atmospheric parameters. Initial validation of retrieved emissivity spectra is conducted with Namib and Kalahari desert laboratory measurements. Seasonal products of global land SSE and surface skin temperature retrieved with IASI are presented to demonstrate seasonal variation of SSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Earth
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Infrared (IR) ultraspectral sounder
KW  - inversion
KW  - Land surface
KW  - Land surface temperature
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Skin
KW  - surface emissivity
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 62332293; Zhou, Daniel K. 1; Larar, Allen M. 2; Liu, Xu 1; Smith, William L. 3; Strow, L. Larrabee 4; Yang, Ping 5; Schlussel, Peter 6; Calbet, Xavier 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Hampton University, Hampton, USA; 4: University of Maryland–Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 5: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; 6: European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Darmstadt, Germany; Issue Info: Apr2011, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p1277; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared (IR) ultraspectral sounder; Author-Supplied Keyword: inversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skin; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface emissivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Russell, Michael J.
AU  - Lecakes, George D.
AU  - Mandayam, Shreekanth
AU  - Jensen, Scott
T1  - The “Intelligent” Valve: A Diagnostic Framework for Integrated System-Health Management of a Rocket-Engine Test Stand.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2011/04//04/01/2011
Y1  - 2011/04//04/01/2011
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1489
EP  - 1497
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Valves play a critical role in rocket-engine test stands because they are essential for the cryogen transport mechanisms that are vital to test operations. Sensors that are placed on valves monitor the pressure, temperature, flow rate, valve position, and any other features that are required for diagnosing their functionality. Integrated system-health management (ISHM) algorithms have been used to identify and evaluate anomalous operating conditions of systems and subsystems (e.g., valves and valve components) on complex structures, such as rocket test stands. In order for such algorithms to be useful, there is a need to develop realistic models for the most common and problem-prone elements. Furthermore, the user needs to be provided with efficient tools to explore the nature of the anomaly and its possible effects on the element, as well as its relationship to the overall system state. This paper presents the development of an intelligent-valve framework that is capable of tracking and visualizing events of the large linear actuator valve (LLAV) in order to detect anomalous conditions. The framework employs a combination of technologies, including a dynamic data exchange data-transfer protocol, autoassociative neural networks, empirical and physical models, and virtual-reality environments. The diagnostic procedure that is developed has the ability to be integrated into existing ISHM systems and can be used for assessing the integrity of rocket-engine test-stand components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - VALVES
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - TEST systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 59196167; Source Information: 04/01/2011, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p1489; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: VALVES; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: TEST systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2010.2101350
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=59196167&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Kuang C.
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Efficient Multiscale Modeling Framework for Triaxially Braided Composites using Generalized Method of Cells.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2011/04//
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
EP  - 169
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - In this paper, a framework for a three-scale analysis, beginning at the constituent response and propagating to the braid repeating unit cell (RUC) level, is presented. At each scale in the analysis, the response of the appropriate RUC is represented by homogenized effective properties determined from the generalized method of cells micromechanics theory. Two different macroscale RUC architectures are considered, one for eventual finite-element implementation and the other for material design, and their differences are compared. Model validation is presented through comparison to both experimental data and detailed finite-element simulations. Results show good correlation within range of experimental scatter and the finite-element simulation. Results are also presented for parametric studies varying both the overall fiber volume fraction and braid angle. These studies are compared to predictions from classical lamination theory for reference. Finally, the multiscale analysis framework is used to predict the onset of failure in a transversely loaded triaxially braided composite. The predicted transverse failure initiation stress value shows excellent correlation and provides the bound for which linear elastic constitutive models are acceptable for implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTISCALE modeling
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - BRAID theory
KW  - HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
N1  - Accession Number: 60078990; Source Information: Apr2011, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p162; Subject Term: MULTISCALE modeling; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: BRAID theory; Subject Term: HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=60078990&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Xuetao
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Finite-Element Model for Failure Study of Two-Dimensional Triaxially Braided Composite.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2011/04//
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 170
EP  - 180
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A new three-dimensional finite-element model of two-dimensional, triaxially braided composites is presented in this paper. This mesoscale modeling technique is used to examine and predict the deformation and damage observed in tests of straight-sided specimens. A unit cell-based approach is used to consider the braiding architecture and the mechanical properties of the fiber tows, the matrix, and the fiber tow-matrix interface. A 0°/±60° braiding configuration has been investigated by conducting static finite-element analyses. Failure initiation and progressive degradation has been simulated in the fiber tows by using the Hashin failure criteria and a damage evolution law. The fiber tow-matrix interface was modeled by using a cohesive zone approach to capture any fiber-matrix debonding. By comparing the analytical results with those obtained experimentally, the applicability of the developed model was assessed and the failure process was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 60078987; Source Information: Apr2011, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p170; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 11 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 7 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=60078987&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mehta, Sara R. Zwart,4 Satish K.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Bourbeau, YaVonne
AU  - Locke, James P.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Response to Vitamin D Supplementation during Antarctic Winter Is Related to BMI, and Supplementation Can Mitigate Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation.
JO  - Journal of Nutrition
JF  - Journal of Nutrition
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 141
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 692
EP  - 697
SN  - 00223166
AB  - Maintaining vitamin D status without sunlight exposure is difficult without supplementation. This study was designed to better understand interrelationships between periodic vitamin D supplementation and immune function in Antarctic workers. The effect of 2 oral dosing regimens of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and markers of immune function was evaluated in people in Antarctica with no UV light exposure for 6 mo. Participants were given a 2000-lu 150 μg) daily In = 15) or 1 0,000-lu (250 μg) weekly In = 14) vitamin D supplement for 6 mo during a winter in Antarctica. Biological samples were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Vitamin D intake, markers of vitamin D and bone metabolism, and latent virus reactivation were determined. After 6 mo, the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (mean ± SD) increased from 56 ± 17 to 79 ± 16 nmol/L and from 52 ± 10 to 69 ± 9 nmol/L in the 2000-IU/d and 1 0,000-lU/wk groups, respectively (main effect over time, P <0.001). Participants with a greater BMI (participant BMI range = 19-43 g/m2) had a smaller increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin Dafter 6-mo supplementation )P< 0.05). Participants with high serum cortisol and higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were less likely to shed Epstein-Barr virus in saliva IP < 0.05). The doses given raised vitamin D status in participants not exposed to sunlight for 6 mo, and the efficacy was influenced by baseline vitamin D status and BMI. The data also provide evidence that vitamin D, interacting with stress, can reduce risk of latent virus reactivation during the winter in Antarctica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dietary supplements
KW  - Industrial hygiene
KW  - Winter
KW  - Vitamin D
KW  - Body mass index
KW  - Immune system
KW  - Epstein-Barr virus diseases -- Prevention
KW  - Hydrocortisone
KW  - McMurdo Station (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 59689467; Mehta, Sara R. Zwart,4 Satish K. 1; Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 1; Bourbeau, YaVonne 2; Locke, James P. 2; Pierson, Duane L. 2; Smith, Scott M. 3; Email Address: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Univérsities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 2: Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc., Houston, TX 77058, USA; 3: Space Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Issue Info: Apr2011, Vol. 141 Issue 4, p692; Thesaurus Term: Dietary supplements; Thesaurus Term: Industrial hygiene; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Subject Term: Vitamin D; Subject Term: Body mass index; Subject Term: Immune system; Subject Term: Epstein-Barr virus diseases -- Prevention; Subject Term: Hydrocortisone; Subject: McMurdo Station (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446191 Food (Health) Supplement Stores; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3945/jn.110.134742
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rahman, Zia-ur
AU  - Jobson, Daniel J.
AU  - Woodell, Glenn A.
T1  - Investigating the relationship between image enhancement and image compression in the context of the multi-scale retinex
JO  - Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation
JF  - Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 237
EP  - 250
SN  - 10473203
AB  - Abstract: Image enhancement and data compression methods arose from the distinct and largely separate disciplines of image processing and communications respectively, yet both are important components of current and future digital imaging systems technology. Here we examine the relationship of these two components with special emphasis on image enhancement and lossy jpeg image compression. When transmission channel capacity is limited, image/data compression is often performed to increase the data throughput. However, this compression has a significant impact on the quality of the final data that is received. In most cases, image enhancement performed after image compression tends to bring out the artifacts injected into the data due to the compression. However, if image enhancement is performed before image compression, there are two issues that arise: (i) image enhancement typically increases the contrast—amount of observable detail—in an image which leads to poorer compression ratios; and (ii) the radiometric information in the original data is typically irretrievably lost. In this paper we address the impact of image enhancement, specifically that of the multi-scale retinex with color restoration (msrcr) on image compression, and vice versa. We also look at the impact of compression on recovering original data from enhanced imagery given certain parameters about the enhancement process. In this context, we also develop an inversion process for the msrcr. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Data compression (Computer science)
KW  - Image compression
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Imaging systems in astronomy
KW  - Image retrieval
KW  - Radiation measurements
KW  - Visual communication -- Digital techniques
KW  - Compression
KW  - End-to-end systems analysis
KW  - Image enhancement
KW  - Inverting image transforms
KW  - Multi-scale retinex
KW  - Survey of image compression usage in space imaging
KW  - Visual communications channel design
N1  - Accession Number: 59166948; Rahman, Zia-ur 1; Email Address: zrahman@odu.edu; Jobson, Daniel J. 2; Email Address: daniel.j.jobson@nasa.gov; Woodell, Glenn A. 2; Email Address: glenn.a.woodell@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States; 2: Electromagnetics and Sensors Branch, Mailstop 473, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Issue Info: Apr2011, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p237; Thesaurus Term: Data compression (Computer science); Subject Term: Image compression; Subject Term: Image processing; Subject Term: Imaging systems in astronomy; Subject Term: Image retrieval; Subject Term: Radiation measurements; Subject Term: Visual communication -- Digital techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: End-to-end systems analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image enhancement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverting image transforms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-scale retinex; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey of image compression usage in space imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual communications channel design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvcir.2010.12.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Azúa-Bustos, Armando
AU  - González-Silva, Carlos
AU  - Mancilla, Rodrigo
AU  - Salas, Loreto
AU  - Gómez-Silva, Benito
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Vicuña, Rafael
T1  - Hypolithic Cyanobacteria Supported Mainly by Fog in the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 568
EP  - 581
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00953628
AB  - The Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth, with an arid core highly adverse to the development of hypolithic cyanobacteria. Previous work has shown that when rain levels fall below ~1 mm per year, colonization of suitable quartz stones falls to virtually zero. Here, we report that along the coast in these arid regions, complex associations of cyanobacteria, archaea, and heterotrophic bacteria inhabit the undersides of translucent quartz stones. Colonization rates in these areas, which receive virtually no rain but mainly fog, are significantly higher than those reported inland in the hyperarid zone at the same latitude. Here, hypolithic colonization rates can be up to 80%, with all quartz rocks over 20 g being colonized. This finding strongly suggests that hypolithic microbial communities thriving in the seaward face of the Coastal Range can survive with fog as the main regular source of moisture. A model is advanced where the development of the hypolithic communities under quartz stones relies on a positive feedback between fog availability and the higher thermal conductivity of the quartz rocks, which results in lower daytime temperatures at the quartz-soil interface microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Fog
KW  - Coastal biology
KW  - Archaebacteria
KW  - Quartz
KW  - Thermal conductivity
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
N1  - Accession Number: 59834610; Azúa-Bustos, Armando; Email Address: ajazua@uc.cl; González-Silva, Carlos 1; Mancilla, Rodrigo 2; Salas, Loreto 2; Gómez-Silva, Benito 3; McKay, Christopher 4; Vicuña, Rafael; Affiliations: 1: Centro de investigación del Medio Ambiente (CENIMA), Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique Chile; 2: Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340 Santiago Chile; 3: Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta Chile; 4: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Apr2011, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p568; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Fog; Thesaurus Term: Coastal biology; Thesaurus Term: Archaebacteria; Subject Term: Quartz; Subject Term: Thermal conductivity; Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-010-9784-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Makarewicz, Heather D.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
T1  - Decomposition of mineral absorption bands using nonlinear least squares curve fitting: Application to Martian meteorites and CRISM data
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 59
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 442
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: This study advances curve-fitting modeling of absorption bands of reflectance spectra and applies this new model to spectra of Martian meteorites ALH 84001 and EETA 79001 and data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). This study also details a recently introduced automated parameter initialization technique. We assess the performance of this automated procedure by comparing it to the currently available initialization method and perform a sensitivity analysis of the fit results to variation in initial guesses. We explore the issues related to the removal of the continuum, offer guidelines for continuum removal when modeling the absorptions and explore different continuum-removal techniques. We further evaluate the suitability of curve fitting techniques using Gaussians/Modified Gaussians to decompose spectra into individual end-member bands. We show that nonlinear least squares techniques such as the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm achieve comparable results to the MGM model () for meteorite spectra. Finally we use Gaussian modeling to fit CRISM spectra of pyroxene and olivine-rich terrains on Mars. Analysis of CRISM spectra of two regions show that the pyroxene-dominated rock spectra measured at Juventae Chasma were modeled well with low Ca pyroxene, while the pyroxene-rich spectra acquired at Libya Montes required both low-Ca and high-Ca pyroxene for a good fit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Decomposition (Chemistry)
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Energy bands
KW  - Nonlinear systems
KW  - Least squares
KW  - Curve fitting
KW  - Martian meteorites
KW  - Reflectance spectroscopy
KW  - Gaussian modeling
KW  - Mars
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - VNIR reflectance spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 58541266; Parente, Mario 1,2; Email Address: Mario_Parente@brown.edu; Makarewicz, Heather D. 2,3; Email Address: hmakarew@gmail.com; Bishop, Janice L. 2; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Box 1846, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 2: SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: University of Kansas, 1520 West 15th Street, 2001 Eaton Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Issue Info: Apr2011, Vol. 59 Issue 5/6, p423; Thesaurus Term: Decomposition (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Energy bands; Subject Term: Nonlinear systems; Subject Term: Least squares; Subject Term: Curve fitting; Subject Term: Martian meteorites; Subject Term: Reflectance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: VNIR reflectance spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sodemann, H.
AU  - Pommier, M.
AU  - Arnold, S. R.
AU  - Monks, S. A.
AU  - Stebel, K.
AU  - Burkhart, J. F.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Clerbaux, C.
AU  - Coheur, P.-E
AU  - Hurtmans, D.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Blechschmidt, A.-M.
AU  - Kristjánsson, J. E.
AU  - Stohl, A.
T1  - Episodes of cross-polar transport in the Arctic troposphere during July 2008 as seen from models, satellite, and aircraft observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/04/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3631
EP  - 3651
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - During the POLARCAT summer campaign in 2008, two episodes (2-5 July and 7-10 July 2008) occurred where low-pressure systems traveled from Siberia across the Arctic Ocean towards the North Pole. The two cyclones had extensive smoke plumes from Siberian forest fires and anthropogenic sources in East Asia embedded in their associated air masses, creating an excellent opportunity to use satellite and aircraft observations to validate the performance of atmospheric transport models in the Arctic, which is a challenging model domain due to numerical and other complications. Here we compare transport simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) from the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART and the Eulerian chemical transport model TOMCAT with retrievals of total column CO from the IASI passive infrared sensor onboard the MetOp-A satellite. The main aspect of the comparison is how realistic horizontal and vertical structures are represented in the model simulations. Analysis of CALIPSO lidar curtains and in situ aircraft measurements provide further independent reference points to assess how reliable the model simulations are and what the main limitations are. The horizontal structure of mid-latitude pollution plumes agrees well between the IASI total column CO and the model simulations. However, finer-scale structures are too quickly diffused in the Eulerian model. Applying the IASI averag- ing kernels to the model data is essential for a meaningful comparison. Using aircraft data as a reference suggests that the satellite data are biased high, while TOMCAT is biased low. FLEXPART fits the aircraft data rather well, but due to added background concentrations the simulation is not independent from observations. The multi-data, multi-model approach allows separating the influences of meteorological fields, model realisation, and grid type on the plume structure. In addition to the very good agreement between simulated and observed total column CO fields, the results also highlight the difficulty to identify a data set that most realistically represents the actual pollution state of the Arctic atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Eulerian graphs
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - Polar regions
N1  - Accession Number: 64138879; Sodemann, H. 1; Pommier, M. 2; Arnold, S. R. 3; Monks, S. A. 3; Stebel, K. 1; Burkhart, J. F. 1; Hair, J. W. 4; Diskin, G. S. 4; Clerbaux, C. 2,5; Coheur, P.-E 5; Hurtmans, D. 5; Schlager, H. 6; Blechschmidt, A.-M. 7; Kristjánsson, J. E. 7; Stohl, A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway; 2: UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 3: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 4: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 5: Spectroscopie de l'Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 6: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, lnstitut fiir Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 7: Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p3631; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Eulerian graphs; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject: Polar regions; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-3631-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Howell, S. G.
AU  - Freitag, S.
AU  - O'Neill, N. T.
AU  - Reid, E. A.
AU  - Johnson, R.
AU  - Ramachandran, S.
AU  - McNaughton, C. S.
AU  - Kapustin, V. N.
AU  - Brekhovskikh, V.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
AU  - McArthur, L. J. B.
T1  - Airborne observation of aerosol optical depth during ARCTAS: vertical profiles, inter-comparison and fine-mode fraction.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/04/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3673
EP  - 3688
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We describe aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) experiment, focusing on vertical profiles, inter-comparison with correlative observations and fine-mode fraction. Arctic haze observed in <2 km and 2-4 km over Alaska in April 2008 originated mainly from anthropogenic emission and biomass burning, respectively, according to aerosol mass spectrometry and black carbon incandescence measurements. The Angstrom exponent for these air masses is 1.4 ± 0.3 and 1.7 ± 0.1, respectively, when derived at 499 nm from a second-order polynomial fit to the AOD spectra measured with the 14-channel Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) over 354-2139 nm. We examine 55 vertical profiles selected from all phases of the experiment. For two thirds of them, the AOD spectra are within 3% + 0.02 of the vertical integral of local visible-light scattering and absorption. The horizontal structure of smoke plumes from local biomass burning observed in central Canada in June and July 2008 explains most outliers. The differences in mid-visible Angstrom exponent are <0.10 for 63% of the profiles with 499-nm AOD > 0.1. The retrieved fine-mode fraction of AOD is mostly between 0.7 and 1.0, and its root mean square difference (in both directions) from column-integral submicron fraction (measured with nephelometers, absorption photometers and an impactor) is 0.12. These AOD measurements from the NASA P-3 aircraft, after compensation for below-aircraft light attenuation by vertical extrapolation, mostly fall within ± 0.02 of AERONET ground-based measurements between 340-1640 nm for five overpass events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Carbon-black
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Attenuation of light
KW  - Canada
N1  - Accession Number: 64138881; Shinozuka, Y. 1,2; Redemann, J. 2; Livingston, J. M. 3; Russell, P. B. 4; Clarke, A. D. 5; Howell, S. G. 5; Freitag, S. 5; O'Neill, N. T. 6; Reid, E. A. 7; Johnson, R. 4; Ramachandran, S. 1,8; McNaughton, C. S. 5; Kapustin, V. N. 5; Brekhovskikh, V. 5; Holben, B. N. 9; McArthur, L. J. B. 10; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California, USA; 3: SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 5: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; 6: CARTEL, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; 7: Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, USA; 8: Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India; 9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 10: Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p3673; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Carbon-black; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Attenuation of light; Subject: Canada; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-3673-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pickett-Heaps, C. A.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Wecht, K. J.
AU  - Kort, E. A.
AU  - Wofsy, S. C.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Kaplan, J. O.
AU  - Bey, I.
AU  - Drevet, J.
AU  - Worthy, D. E. J.
T1  - Magnitude and seasonality of wetland methane emissions from the Hudson Bay Lowlands (Canada).
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/04/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3773
EP  - 3779
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) is the second largest boreal wetland ecosystem in the world and an important natural source of global atmospheric methane. We quantify the HBL methane emissions by using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to simulate aircraft measurements over the HBL from the ARCTAS and pre-HIPPO campaigns in May-July 2008, together with continuous 2004-2008 surface observations at Fraserdale (southern edge of HBL) and Alert (Arctic background). The difference in methane concentrations between Fraserdale and Alert is shown to be a good indicator of HBL emissions, and implies a sharp seasonal onset of emissions in late May (consistent with the aircraft data), a peak in July-August, and a seasonal shut-off in September. The model, in which seasonal variation of emission is mainly driven by surface temperature, reproduces well the observations in summer but its seasonal shoulders are too broad. We suggest that this reflects the suppression of emissions by snow cover and greatly improve the model simulation by accounting for this effect. Our resulting best estimate for HBL methane emissions is 2.3Tga-1, several-fold higher than previous estimates (Roulet et al., 1994: Worthy et al., 2000). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Wetlands
KW  - Atmospheric methane
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Snow cover
KW  - Hudson Bay
KW  - Canada
N1  - Accession Number: 64138888; Pickett-Heaps, C. A. 1,2; Email Address: christopher.pickett-heaps@csiro.au; Jacob, D. J. 1; Wecht, K. J. 1; Kort, E. A. 1; Wofsy, S. C. 1; Diskin, G. S. 3; Kaplan, J. O. 4; Bey, I. 5; Drevet, J. 6; Worthy, D. E. J. 7; Affiliations: 1: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences & Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge MA 02138, USA; 2: CSIRO - Marine and Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 3023, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Environmental Engineering Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; 5: Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, Zürich, Switzerland; 6: Laboratoire de Modélisation de Chimie Atmosphérique, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; 7: Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p3773; Thesaurus Term: Wetlands; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric methane; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Snow cover; Subject: Hudson Bay; Subject: Canada; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-3773-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kacenelenbogen, M.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Hoff, R. M.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
T1  - An accuracy assessment of the CALIOP/CALIPSO version 2/version 3 daytime aerosol extinction product based on a detailed multi-sensor, multi-platform case study.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/04/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3981
EP  - 4000
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Cloud Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), on board the CALIPSO platform, has measured profiles of total attenuated backscatter coefficient (level 1 products) since June 2006. CALIOP's level 2 products, such as the aerosol backscatter and extinction coefficient profiles, are retrieved using a complex succession of automated algorithms. The goal of this study is to help identify potential shortcomings in the CALIOP version 2 level 2 aerosol extinction product and to illustrate some of the motivation for the changes that have been introduced in the next version of CALIOP data (version 3, released in June 2010). To help illustrate the potential factors contributing to the uncertainty of the CALIOP aerosol extinction retrieval, we focus on a one-day, multi-instrument, multiplatform comparison study during the CALIPSO and Twilight Zone (CATZ) validation campaign on 4 August 2007. On that day, we observe a consistency in the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values recorded by four different instruments (i.e. space-borne MODerate Imaging Spectroradiometer, MODIS: 0.67 and POLarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectances, POLDER: 0.58, airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar, HSRL: 0.52 and ground-based AErosol RObotic NETwork, AERONET: 0.48 to 0.73) while CALIOP AOD is a facto of two lower (0.32 at 532 nm). This case study illustrates the following potential sources of uncertainty in the CALIOP AOD: (i) CALIOP's low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) leading to the misclassification and/or lack of aerosol layer identification, especially close to the Earth's surface: (ii) the cloud contamination of CALIOP version 2 aerosol backscatter and extinction profiles: (iii) potentially erroneous assumptions of the aerosol extinction-to-backscatter ratio (Sa) used in CALIOP's extinction retrievals; and (iv) calibration coefficient biases in the CALIOP daytime attenuated backscatter coefficient profiles. The use of version 3 CALIOP extinction retrieval for our case study seems to partially fix factor (i) although the aerosol retrieved by CALIOP is still somewhat lower than the profile measured by HSRL; the cloud contamination (ii) appears to be corrected: no particular change is apparent in the observation-based CALIOP Sa value (iii). Our case study also showed very little difference in version 2 and version 3 CALIOP attenuated backscatter coefficient profiles, illustrating a minor change in the calibration scheme (iv). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 64138901; Kacenelenbogen, M. 1; Vaughan, M. A. 2; Redemann, J. 3; Hoff, R. M. 4; Rogers, R. R. 2; Ferrare, R. A. 2; Russell, P. B. 5; Hostetler, C. A. 2; Hair, J. W. 2; Holben, B. N. 6; Affiliations: 1: ORAU/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET)/Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center (GEST), University of Baltimore County, MA, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p3981; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Case studies; Subject Term: Calibration; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Algorithms; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-3981-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuet, Stefan
AU  - Timucin, Doğan
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin
T1  - A Model-Based Probabilistic Inversion Framework for Characterizing Wire Fault Detection Using TDR.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2011/04/15/
Y1  - 2011/04/15/
VL  - 60
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1654
EP  - 1663
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is one of the standard methods for diagnosing faults in electrical wiring and interconnect systems, with a long-standing history focused mainly on hardware development of both high-fidelity systems for laboratory use and portable handheld devices for field deployment. While these devices can easily assess distance to hard faults such as sustained opens or shorts, their ability to assess subtle but important degradation such as chafing remains an open question. This paper presents a unified framework for TDR-based chafing fault detection in lossy coaxial cables by combining an S -parameter-based forward-modeling approach with a probabilistic (Bayesian) inference algorithm. Results are presented for the estimation of nominal and faulty cable parameters from laboratory data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC fault location
KW  - ELECTRIC wiring
KW  - TIME-domain reflectometry
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 59822892; Source Information: 04/15/2011, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p1654; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fault location; Subject Term: ELECTRIC wiring; Subject Term: TIME-domain reflectometry; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2011.2105030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laurent, P.
AU  - Rodriguez, J.
AU  - Wilms, J.
AU  - Bel, M. Cadolle
AU  - Pottschmidt, K.
AU  - Grinberg, V.
T1  - Polarized Gamma-Ray Emission from the Galactic Black Hole Cygnus X-1.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/04/22/
VL  - 332
IS  - 6028
M3  - Article
SP  - 438
EP  - 439
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Because of their inherently high flux allowing the detection of clear signals, black hole x-ray binaries are interesting candidates for polarization studies, even if no polarization signals have been observed from them before. Such measurements would provide further detailed insight into these sources' emission mechanisms. We measured the polarization of the gamma-ray emission from the black hole binary system Cygnus X-1 with the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory Imager on Board the Integral Satellite (INTEGRAL/IBIS) telescope. Spectral modeling of the data reveals two emission mechanisms: The 250- to 400-keV (kilo-electron volt) data are consistent with emission dominated by Compton scattering on thermal electrons and are weakly polarized. The second spectral component seen in the 400-keV to 2-MeV band is by contrast strongly polarized, revealing that the MeV emission is probably related to the jet first detected in the radio band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - X-ray binaries
KW  - Gamma ray astronomy
KW  - Gamma rays
KW  - Black holes (Astronomy)
KW  - Binary stars
KW  - Galactic X-ray sources
KW  - Polarization (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Astrophysics
KW  - Compton effect
N1  - Accession Number: 60449089; Laurent, P. 1; Email Address: plaurent@cea.fr; Rodriguez, J. 2; Wilms, J. 3; Bel, M. Cadolle 4; Pottschmidt, K. 5,6; Grinberg, V. 3; Affiliations: 1: Astroparticules et Cosmologie (APC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (CEA/IRFU), 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France; 2: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/IRFU, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, CEA Saclay, DSM/IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; 3: Dr. Karl Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany; 4: International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) Science Operations Centre, Science Operations Department, European Space Astronomy Centre, Post Office Box 78, E-28691 Villanuevade la Cañada, Madrid, Spain; 5: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 6: Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Issue Info: 4/22/2011, Vol. 332 Issue 6028, p438; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: X-ray binaries; Subject Term: Gamma ray astronomy; Subject Term: Gamma rays; Subject Term: Black holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: Binary stars; Subject Term: Galactic X-ray sources; Subject Term: Polarization (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Astrophysics; Subject Term: Compton effect; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1200848
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornbrook, R. S.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Meinardi, S.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Wiedinmyer, C.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Hills, A.
AU  - Riemer, D. D.
AU  - Apel, E. C.
T1  - Observations of volatile organic compounds during ARCTAS -- Part 1: Biomass burning emissions and plume enhancements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 14127
EP  - 14182
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Mixing ratios of a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were observed by the Trace Organic Gas Analyzer (TOGA) on board the NASA DC-8 as part of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field campaign. Many of these VOCs were observed concurrently by one or both of two other VOC measurement techniques on board the DC-8: proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and whole air canister sampling (WAS). A comparison of these measurements to the data from TOGA indicates good agreement for the majority of co-measured VOCs. The ARCTAS study, which included both spring and summer deployments, provided opportunities to sample a large number of biomass burning (BB) plumes with origins in Asia, California and Central Canada, ranging from very recent emissions to plumes aged one week or more. For this analysis, identified BB plumes were grouped by flight, source region and, in some cases, time of day, generating 40 individual plume groups, each consisting of one or more BB plume interceptions. Normalized excess mixing ratios (EMRs) to CO were determined for each of the 40 plume groups for up to 19 different VOCs or VOC groups, many of which show significant variability, even within relatively fresh plumes. This variability demonstrates the importance of assessing BB plumes both regionally and temporally, as emissions can vary from region to region, and even within a fire over time. Comparisons with literature confirm that variability of EMRs to CO over an order of magnitude for many VOCs is consistent with previous observations. However, this variability is often diluted in the literature when individual observations are averaged to generate an overall regional EMR from a particular study. Previous studies give the impression that emission ratios are generally consistent within a given region, and this is not necessarily the case, as our results show. For some VOCs, earlier assumptions may lead to significant under-prediction of emissions in fire emissions inventories. Notably, though variable between plumes, observed EMRs of individual light alkanes are highly correlated within BB emissions. Using the NCAR master mechanism chemical box model initialized with concentrations based on two observed scenarios, i.e., fresh Canadian BB and fresh Californian BB, both plumes are expected to experience primarily decreases in oxygenated VOCs during the first 2.5 days, such that any production in the plumes of these compounds is less than the chemical loss. Comparisons of the modeled EMRs to the observed EMRs from BB plumes estimated to be three days in age or less indicate overall good agreement and, for most compounds, no significant difference between BB plumes in these two regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Gas analysis
KW  - Proton transfer reactions
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 66845045; Hornbrook, R. S. 1; Email Address: rsh@ucar.edu; Blake, D. R. 2; Diskin, G. S. 3; Fuelberg, H. E. 4; Meinardi, S. 2; Mikoviny, T. 5; Sachse, G. W. 3; Vay, S. A. 3; Weinheimer, A. J. 1; Wiedinmyer, C. 1; Wisthaler, A. 5; Hills, A. 1; Riemer, D. D. 6; Apel, E. C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 5: Institut für Ionenphysik & Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 6: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p14127; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Gas analysis; Subject Term: Proton transfer reactions; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 56p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-14127-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zheng, X.
AU  - Albrecht, B.
AU  - Jonsson, H. H.
AU  - Khelif, D.
AU  - Feingold, G.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Ayers, K.
AU  - Chuang, P.
AU  - Donaher, S.
AU  - Rossiter, D.
AU  - Ghate, V.
AU  - Ruiz-Plancarte, J.
AU  - Sun-Mack, S.
T1  - Observations of the boundary layer, cloud, and aerosol variability in the southeast Pacific coastal marine stratocumulus during VOCALS-REx.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 15417
EP  - 15468
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Aircraft observations made off the coast of northern Chile in the Southeastern Pacific (20° S, 72° W; named Point Alpha) from 16 October to 13 November 2008 during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), combined with meteorological reanalysis, satellite measurements, and radiosonde data, are used to investigate the boundary layer (BL) and aerosol-cloud-drizzle variations in this region. The BL at Point Alpha was typical of a non-drizzling stratocumulus-topped BL on days without predominately synoptic and meso-scale influences. The BL had a depth of 1140 ± 120 m, was well-mixed and capped by a sharp inversion. The wind direction generally switched from southerly within the BL to northerly above the inversion. The cloud liquid water path (LWP) varied between 15 g m-2 and 160 g m-2. From 29 October to 4 November, when a synoptic system affected conditions at Point Alpha, the cloud LWP was higher than on the other days by around 40 g m-2. On 1 and 2 November, a moist layer above the inversion moved over Point Alpha. The total-water specific humidity above the inversion was larger than that within the BL during these days. Entrainment rates (average of 1.5 ± 0.6 mm s-1) calculated from the near cloud-top fluxes and turbulence (vertical velocity variance) in the BL at Point Alpha appeared to be weaker than those in the BL over the open ocean west of Point Alpha and the BL near the coast of the northeast Pacific. The accumulation mode aerosol varied from 250 to 700 cm-3 within the BL, and CCN at 0.2% supersaturation within the BL ranged between 150 and 550 cm-3. The main aerosol source at Point Alpha was horizontal advection within the BL from south. The average cloud droplet number concentration ranged between 80 and 400 cm-3, which was consistent with the satellite-derived values. The relationship of cloud droplet number concentration and CCN at 0.2% supersaturation from 18 flights is Nd = 4.6 x CCN0.71. While the mean LWP retrieved from GOES was in good agreement with the in situ measurements, the GOES-derived cloud droplet effective radius tended to be larger than that from the aircraft in situ observations near cloud top. The aerosol and cloud LWP relationship reveals that during the typical well-mixed BL days the cloud LWP increased with the CCN concentrations. On the other hand, meteorological factors and the decoupling processes have large influences on the cloud LWP variation as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Precipitation variability
KW  - Submarine geology
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Inversion (Geophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 66845078; Zheng, X. 1; Email Address: xzheng@rsmas.miami.edu; Albrecht, B. 1; Jonsson, H. H. 2; Khelif, D. 3; Feingold, G. 4; Minnis, P. 5; Ayers, K. 5; Chuang, P. 6; Donaher, S. 1; Rossiter, D. 6; Ghate, V. 7; Ruiz-Plancarte, J. 3; Sun-Mack, S. 8; Affiliations: 1: Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 2: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA; 3: University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 4: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; 6: University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; 7: Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p15417; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Precipitation variability; Thesaurus Term: Submarine geology; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Inversion (Geophysics); Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-15417-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, J. R.
AU  - Randel, W.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
T1  - Cirrus cloud-temperature interactions in the tropical tropopause layer: a case study.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 15745
EP  - 15774
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Thin cirrus clouds in the Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) have important ramifications for radiative transfer, stratospheric humidity, and vertical transport. A horizontally extensive and vertically thin cirrus cloud in the TTL was detected by the Cloud Aerosol LIDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) on 27-29 January, 2009 in the Tropical Eastern Pacific region, distant from any regions of deep convection. These observations indicate that the cloud is close to 3000 km in length along the CALIPSO orbit track. Measurements over this three day period indicate that the cloud event extended over a region from approximately 15° S to 10° N and 90° W to 150° W and may be one of the most extensive cirrus events ever observed. Coincident temperature observations from the Constellation of Observing Satellites for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) suggest that the cloud formed in-situ as a result of a cold anomaly arising from a midlatitude intrusion. The event appears to last for up to 2 days and the temperature observations do not show any indication of the expected infrared heating. It is hypothesized that the cloud could be maintained by either nucleation of numerous small ice crystals that do not sediment or by multiple localized ice nucleation events driven by temperature variability at scales smaller than the overall cloud field, producing small ice-crystal sizes which have sufficiently long residence times (≈53 h) to maintain the cloud. It is possible that the residence times are augmented by vertical motion which could also act to offset the expected infrared heating. Further observations of similar events will be required in order to conclusively explain this curious cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Precipitation variability
KW  - Case study (Research)
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Nucleation
KW  - Infrared heating
N1  - Accession Number: 66845086; Taylor, J. R. 1; Email Address: taylor@ucar.edu; Randel, W. 1; Jensen, E. J. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Earth Science Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p15745; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation variability; Subject Term: Case study (Research); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Nucleation; Subject Term: Infrared heating; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-15745-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tewes, Philipp
AU  - Wygnanski, Israel
AU  - Washburn, Anthony E.
T1  - Feedback-Controlled Forcefully Attached Flow on a Stalled Airfoil.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2011/05//May/Jun2011
Y1  - 2011/05//May/Jun2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 940
EP  - 951
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Active maintenance of attached flow at natural poststall conditions requires a small intervention, relative to the one needed to force a separated flow to reattach under the same conditions. Experiments with slot suction applied near the leading edge of a stalled airfoil revealed a hysteresis of lift and drag that depends on the level of suction. This offers an opportunity to keep the flow attached at minimum input levels while guaranteeing that flow separation will not be allowed to occur. A simple approach was adopted that uses a rapidly responding pressure sensor located near the leading edge or in the interior reservoir of the airfoil for feedback control. The proposed controller used a prescribed pressure coefficient to keep the flow attached. Since a dimensionless pressure coefficient is required for this purpose, two similar sensors were installed in the pitot-static tube that monitored the freestream velocity. The impact of the time delay on the stability of the controller was briefly discussed and accounted for. The robustness of the controller was demonstrated under varying freestream velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - ELECTRIC controllers
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 63174860; Source Information: May/Jun2011, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p940; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC controllers; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031168
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Schmitt, Carl G.
AU  - Xie, Yu
AU  - Bansemer, Aaron
AU  - Hu, Yong-Xiang
AU  - Zhang, Zhibo
T1  - Improvements in Shortwave Bulk Scattering and Absorption Models for the Remote Sensing of Ice Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1037
EP  - 1056
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This study summarizes recent improvements in the development of bulk scattering/absorption models at solar wavelengths. The approach combines microphysical measurements from various field campaigns with single-scattering properties for nine habits including droxtals, plates, solid/hollow columns, solid/hollow bullet rosettes, and several types of aggregates. Microphysical measurements are incorporated from a number of recent field campaigns in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. A set of 12 815 particle size distributions is used for which Tcld ≤≤ −−40°°C. The ice water content in the microphysical data spans six orders of magnitude. For evaluation, a library of ice-particle single-scattering properties is employed for 101 wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.24 μμm. The library includes the full phase matrix as well as properties for smooth, moderately roughened, and severely roughened particles. Habit mixtures are developed for generalized cirrus, midlatitude cirrus, and deep tropical convection. The single-scattering properties are integrated over particle size and wavelength using an assumed habit mixture to develop bulk scattering and absorption properties. In comparison with global Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data, models built with severely roughened particles compare best for all habit mixtures. The assumption of smooth particles provided the largest departure from CALIOP measurements. The use of roughened rather than smooth particles to infer optical thickness and effective diameter from satellite imagery such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will result in a decrease in optical thickness and an increase in particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Cloud microphysics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 60767421; Baum, Bryan A. 1; Yang, Ping 2; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 3; Schmitt, Carl G. 3; Xie, Yu 2; Bansemer, Aaron 3; Hu, Yong-Xiang 4; Zhang, Zhibo 5; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 2: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research,**** Boulder, Colorado; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; Issue Info: May2011, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p1037; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud microphysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice crystals; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JAMC2608.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miles, Jeffrey Hilton
T1  - Estimation of signal coherence threshold and concealed spectral lines applied to detection of turbofan engine combustion noise.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 129
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 3068
EP  - 3081
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Combustion noise from turbofan engines has become important, as the noise from sources like the fan and jet are reduced. An aligned and un-aligned coherence technique has been developed to determine a threshold level for the coherence and thereby help to separate the coherent combustion noise source from other noise sources measured with far-field microphones. This method is compared with a statistics based coherence threshold estimation method. In addition, the un-aligned coherence procedure at the same time also reveals periodicities, spectral lines, and undamped sinusoids hidden by broadband turbofan engine noise. In calculating the coherence threshold using a statistical method, one may use either the number of independent records or a larger number corresponding to the number of overlapped records used to create the average. Using data from a turbofan engine and a simulation this paper shows that applying the Fisher z-transform to the un-aligned coherence can aid in making the proper selection of samples and produce a reasonable statistics based coherence threshold. Examples are presented showing that the underlying tonal and coherent broad band structure which is buried under random broadband noise and jet noise can be determined. The method also shows the possible presence of indirect combustion noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COHESION (Linguistics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - NOISE
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 60505660; Miles, Jeffrey Hilton 1; Affiliations: 1 : NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135;  Source Info: May2011, Vol. 129 Issue 5, p3068; Subject Term: COHESION (Linguistics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.3546097
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dapp, Ulrike
AU  - Anders, Jennifer A. M.
AU  - von Renteln-Kruse, Wolfgang
AU  - Minder, Christoph E.
AU  - Meier-Baumgartner, Hans Peter
AU  - Swift, Cameron G.
AU  - Gillmann, Gerhard
AU  - Egger, Matthias
AU  - Beck, John C.
AU  - Stuck, Andreas E.
T1  - A Randomized Trial of Effects of Health Risk Appraisal Combined With Group Sessions or Home Visits on Preventive Behaviors in Older Adults.
JO  - Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences
JF  - Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 66A
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 591
EP  - 598
SN  - 10795006
AB  - Background. To explore effects of a health risk appraisal for older people (HRA-O) program with reinforcement, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in 21 general practices in Hamburg, Germany. Methods. Overall, 2,580 older patients of 14 general practitioners trained in reinforcing recommendations related to HRA-O-identified risk factors were randomized into intervention (n = 878) and control (n = 1,702) groups. Patients (n = 746) of seven additional matched general practitioners who did not receive this training served as a comparison group. Patients allocated to the intervention group, and their general practitioners, received computer-tailored written recommendations, and patients were offered the choice between interdisciplinary group sessions (geriatrician, physiotherapist, social worker, and nutritionist) and home visits (nurse). Results. Among the intervention group, 580 (66%) persons made use of personal reinforcement (group sessions: 503 [87%], home visits: 77 [13%]). At 1-year follow-up, persons in the intervention group had higher use of preventive services (eg, influenza vaccinations, adjusted odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.4–2.1) and more favorable health behavior (eg, high fruit/fiber intake, odds ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.6–2.6), as compared with controls. Comparisons between intervention and comparison group data revealed similar effects, suggesting that physician training alone had no effect. Subgroup analyses indicated favorable effects for HRA-O with personal reinforcement, but not for HRA-O without reinforcement. Conclusions. HRA-O combined with physician training and personal reinforcement had favorable effects on preventive care use and health behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEALTH risk assessment
KW  - MEDICAL screening
KW  - HEALTH status indicators
KW  - OLDER people -- Health -- Research
KW  - Elderly
KW  - Group session
KW  - Health promotion
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Preventive home visits
N1  - Accession Number: 64865903; Dapp, Ulrike 1; Anders, Jennifer A. M. 1; von Renteln-Kruse, Wolfgang 1; Minder, Christoph E. 2; Meier-Baumgartner, Hans Peter 1; Swift, Cameron G. 3; Gillmann, Gerhard 4; Egger, Matthias 5; Beck, John C. 6; Stuck, Andreas E. 7; Source Information: May2011, Vol. 66A Issue 5, p591; Subject: HEALTH risk assessment; Subject: MEDICAL screening; Subject: HEALTH status indicators; Subject: OLDER people -- Health -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elderly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Group session; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health promotion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive home visits; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KLINE, FRANK
AU  - SZABO, STEPHEN M.
T1  - NASA's Newest and Greenest.
JO  - Military Engineer
JF  - Military Engineer
J1  - Military Engineer
PY  - 2011/05//May/Jun2011
Y1  - 2011/05//May/Jun2011
VL  - 103
IS  - 671
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 82
SN  - 00263982
AB  - The article offers information on the Propellants North Administrative and Maintenance Facility, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) environment-friendly facility located at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. It is the agency's first facility that produces enough energy from renewable sources to offset what it requires to operate. Opened in January 2011, the facility qualifies for the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Environmental and Energy Design Platinum status.
KW  - SUSTAINABLE buildings
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - RENEWABLE energy sources
KW  - LEADERSHIP in Energy & Environmental Design Green Building Rating System
KW  - FLORIDA
N1  - Accession Number: 60875969; Source Information: May/Jun2011, Vol. 103 Issue 671, p81; Subject Term: SUSTAINABLE buildings; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: RENEWABLE energy sources; Subject Term: LEADERSHIP in Energy & Environmental Design Green Building Rating System; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: FLORIDA; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phillips, Roger J.
AU  - Davis, Brian J.
AU  - Tanaka, Kenneth L.
AU  - Byrne, Shane
AU  - Mellon, Michael T.
AU  - Putzig, Nathaniel E.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Kahre, Melinda A.
AU  - Campbell, Bruce A.
AU  - Carter, Lynn M.
AU  - Smith, Isaac B.
AU  - Holt, John W.
AU  - Smrekar, Suzanne E.
AU  - Nunes, Daniel C.
AU  - Plaut, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Egan, Anthony F.
AU  - Titus, Timothy N.
AU  - Seu, Roberto
T1  - Massive CO2  Ice Deposits Sequestered in the South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/05/13/
VL  - 332
IS  - 6031
M3  - Article
SP  - 838
EP  - 841
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Shallow Radar soundings from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a buried deposit of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice within the south polar layered deposits of Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for the south pole residual cap. The deposit occurs within a stratigraphic unit that is uniquely marked by collapse features and other evidence of interior CO2 volatile release. If released into the atmosphere at times of high obliquity, the CO2 reservoir would increase the atmospheric mass by up to 80%, leading to more frequent and intense dust storms and to more regions where liquid water could persist without boiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Geological carbon sequestration
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Radar in astronomy
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Polar regions
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 60877750; Phillips, Roger J. 1,2; Email Address: roger@boulder.swri.edu; Davis, Brian J. 3,4; Tanaka, Kenneth L. 5; Byrne, Shane 6; Mellon, Michael T. 7; Putzig, Nathaniel E. 3; Haberle, Robert M. 8; Kahre, Melinda A. 9; Campbell, Bruce A. 10; Carter, Lynn M. 11; Smith, Isaac B. 12; Holt, John W. 12; Smrekar, Suzanne E. 13; Nunes, Daniel C. 13; Plaut, Jeffrey J. 13; Egan, Anthony F. 14; Titus, Timothy N. 5; Seu, Roberto 15; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science Directorate, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; 3: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 4: Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; 5: Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 7: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; 8: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 9: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 10: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA; 11: Science and Exploration Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 12: Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78758, USA; 13: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 14: Department of Space Operations, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 15: Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 18-00184 Rome, Italy; Issue Info: 5/13/2011, Vol. 332 Issue 6031, p838; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Geological carbon sequestration; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Radar in astronomy; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Polar regions; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1203091
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stavrakou, T.
AU  - Guenther, A.
AU  - Razavi, A.
AU  - Clarisse, L.
AU  - Clerbaux, C.
AU  - Coheur, P.-F.
AU  - Hurtmans, D.
AU  - Karagulian, F.
AU  - De Mazière, M.
AU  - Vigouroux, C.
AU  - Amelynck, C.
AU  - Schoon, N.
AU  - Laffineur, Q.
AU  - Heinesch, B.
AU  - Aubinet, M.
AU  - Rinsland, C.
AU  - Müller, J.-F.
T1  - First space-based derivation of the global atmospheric methanol emission fluxes.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/05/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 4873
EP  - 4898
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This study provides improved methanol emission estimates on the global scale, in particular for the largest methanol source, the terrestrial biosphere, and for biomass burning. To this purpose, one complete year of spaceborne measurements of tropospheric methanol columns retrieved for the first time by the thermal infrared sensor IASI aboard the MetOp satellite are compared with distributions calculated by the IMAGESv2 global chemistry-transport model. Two model simulations are performed using a priori biogenic methanol emissions either from the new MEGANv2.1 emission model, which is fully described in this work and is based on net ecosystem flux measurements, or from a previous parameterization based on net primary production by Jacob et al. (2005). A significantly better model performance in terms of both amplitude and seasonality is achieved through the use of MEGANv2.1 in most world regions, with respect to IASI data, and to surface- and air-based methanol measurements, even though important discrepancies over several regions are still present. As a second step of this study, we combine the MEGANv2.1 and the IASI column abundances over continents in an inverse modelling scheme based on the adjoint of the IMAGESv2 model to generate an improved global methanol emission source. The global optimized source totals 187 Tg yr-1 with a contribution of 100 Tg yr-1 from plants, only slightly lower than the a priori MEGANv2.1 value of 105 Tg yr-1. Large decreases with respect to the MEGANv2.1 biogenic source are inferred over Amazonia (up to 55 %) and Indonesia (up to 58 %), whereas more moderate reductions are recorded in the Eastern US (20-25 %) and Central Africa (25-35 %). On the other hand, the biogenic source is found to strongly increase in the arid and semi-arid regions of Central Asia (up to a factor of 5) and Western US (factor of 2), probably due to a source of methanol specific to these ecosystems which is unaccounted for in the MEGANv2.1 inventory. The most significant error reductions achieved by the optimization concern the derived biogenic emissions over the Amazon and over the Former Soviet Union. The robustness of the derived fluxes to changes in convective updraft fluxes, in methanol removal processes, and in the choice of the biogenic a priori inventory is assessed through sensitivity inversions. Detailed comparisons of the model with a number of aircraft and surface observations of methanol, as well as new methanol measurements in Europe and in the Reunion Island show that the satellite-derived methanol emissions improve significantly the agreement with the independent data, giving thus credence to the IASI dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methanol
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Biomass energy
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Heat flux
N1  - Accession Number: 65164288; Stavrakou, T. 1; Email Address: jenny@aeronomie.be; Guenther, A. 2; Razavi, A. 3; Clarisse, L. 3; Clerbaux, C. 3,4; Coheur, P.-F. 3; Hurtmans, D. 3; Karagulian, F. 5; De Mazière, M. 1; Vigouroux, C. 1; Amelynck, C. 1; Schoon, N. 1; Laffineur, Q. 6; Heinesch, B. 6; Aubinet, M. 6; Rinsland, C. 7; Müller, J.-F. 1; Affiliations: 1: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Avenue Circulaire 3, 1180, Brussels, Belgium; 2: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder Colorado, 80305, USA; 3: Spectroscopie de l'Atmosphère, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium; 4: UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 5: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), 21027, Ispra, Italy; 6: Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Libge, Unité de Physique des Biosystèmes, Avenue de la Faculté d'Agronomie 8, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p4873; Thesaurus Term: Methanol; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Biomass energy; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Heat flux; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-4873-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thakre, Piyush R.
AU  - Lagoudas, Dimitris C.
AU  - Riddick, Jaret C.
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
AU  - Frankland, Sarah-Jane V.
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
AU  - Jiang Zhu
AU  - Barrera, Enrique V.
T1  - Investigation of the effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on interlaminar fracture toughness of woven carbon fiber—epoxy composites.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2011/05/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1091
EP  - 1107
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were introduced in the interlaminar region of woven carbon fiber—epoxy composites and the mode-I delamination behavior was investigated. Pristine (P-SWCNT) and functionalized (F-SWCNT) nanotubes were sprayed in the mid-plane of these laminates and delamination was initiated using a teflon pre-crack insert. The composite laminates were produced using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. The interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) represented by mode-I critical strain energy release rate (GIc) for the initiation of delamination was measured using double cantilever beam tests. The specimens with pristine nanotubes and functionalized nanotubes showed a small effect on the ILFT. The specimens with P-SWCNTs showed stable crack growth and the potential for enhanced crack bridging along with slightly higher GIc than F-SWCNT specimens. Scanning electron microscopy images showed enhanced fiber—matrix interfacial bonding in the specimens with F-SWCNTs. However, large unstable crack propagation was observed in these F-SWCNT specimens from load—displacement curves and crack propagation videos. This research helps in understanding the differences in mechanisms by addition of functionalized and unfunctionalized (pristine) nanotubes to the woven carbon fiber—epoxy matrix composite laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites -- Fracture
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - TEXTURED woven textiles
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - MOLDING (Chemical technology)
KW  - carbon fiber composites
KW  - carbon nanotubes
KW  - DCB
KW  - delamination
KW  - interlaminar fracture
KW  - VARTM
KW  - woven fabric composites
N1  - Accession Number: 60405853; Thakre, Piyush R. 1; Lagoudas, Dimitris C. 2; Riddick, Jaret C. 3; Gates, Thomas S. 4; Frankland, Sarah-Jane V. 5; Ratcliffe, James G. 5; Jiang Zhu 6; Barrera, Enrique V. 7; Source Information: 05/15/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 10, p1091; Subject: FIBROUS composites -- Fracture; Subject: CARBON nanotubes; Subject: CARBON fibers; Subject: EPOXY compounds; Subject: TEXTURED woven textiles; Subject: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject: MOLDING (Chemical technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon fiber composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: DCB; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: interlaminar fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: VARTM; Author-Supplied Keyword: woven fabric composites; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 9022
L3  - 10.1177/0021998310389088
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
T1  - Seeking out Earth's warning signals.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/05/26/
VL  - 473
IS  - 7348
M3  - Letter
SP  - 452
EP  - 452
SN  - 00280836
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article regarding the hard-line stance against earthquake prediction by Robert Geller in the 2011 issue.
KW  - Earthquake prediction
KW  - Letters to the editor
N1  - Accession Number: 60832384; Freund, Friedemann 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, SETI Institute and San Jose State University, California, USA; Issue Info: 5/26/2011, Vol. 473 Issue 7348, p452; Thesaurus Term: Earthquake prediction; Subject Term: Letters to the editor; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/473452d
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, W.
AU  - Lin, B.
T1  - Sensing Hadley cell with space lidar.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 16599
EP  - 16610
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This letter shows that the extent of the Hadley cell could reliably be estimated by measuring the height of the uppermost super-thin clouds in the troposphere with space-borne lidar. Through consecutive multi-year measurements of the height of the uppermost super-thin clouds, a good estimation of the expansion of the Hadley cell could be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Space-based radar
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Optical detectors
KW  - Estimation theory
N1  - Accession Number: 66964067; Sun, W. 1; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov; Lin, B. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p16599; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Space-based radar; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Optical detectors; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-16599-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hecobian, A.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Hennigan, C. J.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Vay, S.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Kürten, A.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - Clair, J. St.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Weber, R. J.
T1  - Comparison of the chemical evolution and characteristics of 495 biomass burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS/CARB-2008 field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 18589
EP  - 18631
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This paper compares measurements of gaseous and particulate emissions from a wide range of biomass-burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the three phases of the ARCTAS-2008 experiment: ARCTAS-A, based out of Fairbanks, Alaska USA (3 April to 19 April 2008); ARCTAS-B based out of Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (29 June to 13 July 2008); and ARCTAS-CARB, based out of Palmdale, California, USA (18 June to 24 June 2008). Extensive investigations of boreal fire plume evolution were undertaken during ARCTAS-B, where four distinct fire plumes that were intercepted by the aircraft over a range of down-wind distances (0.1 to 16 hr transport times) were studied in detail. Based on these analyses, there was no evidence for ozone production and a box model simulation of the data confirmed that net ozone production was slow (on average 1 ppbv h-1 in the first 3 h and much lower afterwards) due to limited NOx. Peroxyacetyl nitrate concentrations (PAN) increased with plume age and the box model estimated an average production rate of ~80 pptv h-1 in the first 3 h. Like ozone, there was also no evidence for net secondary inorganic or organic aerosol formation. There was no apparent increase in aerosol mass concentrations in the boreal fire plumes due to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation; however, there were indications of chemical processing of the organic aerosols. In addition to the detailed studies of boreal fire plume evolution, about 500 smoke plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 aircraft were segregated by fire source region. The normalized excess mixing ratios (i.e. ΔX/ΔCO) of gaseous (carbon dioxide, acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, toluene, benzene, methane, oxides of nitrogen (NOx), ozone, PAN) and fine aerosol particulate components (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride, organic aerosols and water soluble organic carbon) of these plumes were compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Molecular evolution
KW  - Biomass energy
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Hydrocyanic acid
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 66964111; Hecobian, A. 1; Email Address: arsineh@gatech.edu; Liu, Z. 1; Hennigan, C. J. 1,2; Huey, L. G. 1; Jimenez, J. L. 3; Cubison, M. J. 3; Vay, S. 4; Diskin, G. S. 4; Sachse, G. W. 4; Wisthaler, A. 5; Mikoviny, T. 5; Weinheimer, A. J. 6; Liao, J. 1; Knapp, D. J. 6; Wennberg, P. O. 7; Kürten, A. 8; Crounse, J. D. 7; Clair, J. St. 7; Wang, Y. 1; Weber, R. J. 1; Email Address: rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research, Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 8: Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p18589; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Molecular evolution; Thesaurus Term: Biomass energy; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Hydrocyanic acid; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-18589-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tan, Hui
AU  - Hennig, Wolfgang
AU  - Warburton, William K.
AU  - Doriese, W. Bertrand
AU  - Kilbourne, Caroline A.
T1  - Development of a Real-Time Pulse Processing Algorithm for TES-Based X-Ray Microcalorimeters.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
PY  - 2011/06//
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 276
EP  - 280
SN  - 10518223
AB  - We report here a real-time pulse processing algorithm for superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) based x-ray microcalorimeters. TES-based microcalorimeters offer ultra-high energy resolutions, but the small volume of each pixel requires that large arrays of identical microcalorimeter pixels be built to achieve sufficient detection efficiency. That in turn requires as much pulse processing as possible must be performed at the front end of readout electronics to avoid transferring large amounts of data to a host computer for post-processing. Therefore, a real-time pulse processing algorithm that not only can be implemented in the readout electronics but also achieve satisfactory energy resolutions is desired. We have developed an algorithm that can be easily implemented in hardware. We then tested the algorithm offline using several data sets acquired with an 8\times8 Goddard TES x-ray calorimeter array and 2\times16 NIST time-division SQUID multiplexer. We obtained an average energy resolution of close to 3.0 eV at 6 keV for the multiplexed pixels while preserving over 99% of the events in the data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALORIMETERS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MULTIPLEXING (Telecommunication)
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - OPTICAL detectors
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTING magnets
KW  - ENERGY consumption
N1  - Accession Number: 60967785; Source Information: Jun2011, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p276; Subject Term: CALORIMETERS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MULTIPLEXING (Telecommunication); Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: OPTICAL detectors; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTING magnets; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TASC.2010.2082473
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Platt, Robert
AU  - Permenter, Frank
AU  - Pfeiffer, Joseph
T1  - Using Bayesian Filtering to Localize Flexible Materials During Manipulation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
PY  - 2011/06//
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 586
EP  - 598
SN  - 15523098
AB  - Localization and manipulation of features such as buttons, snaps, or grommets embedded in fabrics and other flexible materials is a difficult robotics problem. Approaches that rely too much on sensing and localization that occurs before touching the material are likely to fail because the flexible material can move when the robot actually makes contact. This paper experimentally explores the possibility to use proprioceptive and load-based tactile information to localize features embedded in flexible materials during robot manipulation. In our experiments, Robonaut 2, a robot with human-like hands and arms, uses particle filtering to localize features based on proprioceptive and tactile measurements. Our main contribution is to propose a method to interact with flexible materials that reduces the state space of the interaction by forcing the material to comply in repeatable ways. Measurements are matched to a “haptic map,” which is created during a training phase, that describes expected measurements as a low-dimensional function of state. We evaluate localization performance when using proprioceptive information alone and when tactile data are also available. The two types of measurements are shown to contain complementary information. We find that the tactile measurement model is critical to localization performance and propose a series of models that offer increasingly better accuracy. Finally, this paper explores the localization approach in the context of two flexible material insertion tasks that are relevant to manufacturing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - TACTILE sensors
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - INDUSTRIAL applications
N1  - Accession Number: 61128322; Source Information: Jun2011, Vol. 27 Issue 3, p586; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: TACTILE sensors; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL applications; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TRO.2011.2139150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cole, Jason
AU  - Barker, Howard W.
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - von Salzen, Knut
T1  - Assessing Simulated Clouds and Radiative Fluxes Using Properties of Clouds Whose Tops are Exposed to Space.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 24
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2715
EP  - 2727
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Coincident top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes and cloud optical properties for portions of clouds whose tops are exposed to space within several pressure ranges are used to evaluate how a GCM realizes its all-sky radiative fluxes and vertical structure. In particular, observations of cloud properties and radiative fluxes from the Clouds and the Earth''s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Science Team are used to assess the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis atmospheric global climate model (CanAM4). Through comparison of CanAM4 with CERES observations it was found that, while the July-mean all-sky TOA shortwave and longwave fluxes simulated by CanAM4 agree well with those observed, this agreement rests on compensating biases in simulated cloud properties and radiative fluxes for low, middle, and high clouds. Namely, low and middle cloud albedos simulated by CanAM4 are larger than those observed by CERES attributable to CanAM4 simulating cloud optical depths via large liquid water paths that are too large but are partly compensated by too small cloud fractions. It was also found that CanAM4 produces 2D histograms of cloud fraction and cloud albedo for low, middle, and high clouds that are significantly different than generated using the CERES observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Global Climate Observing System
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Climatology -- Observations
KW  - Clouds -- Photographs from space
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Climate models
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Radiative fluxes
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 61081619; Cole, Jason 1; Email Address: jason.cole@ec.gc.ca; Barker, Howard W. 2; Loeb, Norman G. 3; von Salzen, Knut 4; Affiliations: 1: Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto ON M3H 5T4, Canada; 2: Cloud Physics and Severe Weather Research Section, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Colombia, Canada; Issue Info: Jun2011, Vol. 24 Issue 11, p2715; Thesaurus Term: Global Climate Observing System; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Climatology -- Observations; Subject Term: Clouds -- Photographs from space; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2011JCLI3652.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
AU  - Ellingson, Robert G.
AU  - Ming Cai
T1  - Geographical Distribution of Climate Feedbacks in the NCAR CCSM3.0.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 24
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2737
EP  - 2753
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study performs offline, partial radiative perturbation calculations to determine the geographical distributions of climate feedbacks contributing to the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative energy budget. These radiative perturbations are diagnosed using monthly mean model output from the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3.0) forced with the Special Report Emissions Scenario (SRES) A1B emission scenario. The Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation (MCICA) technique with a maximum--random overlap rule is used to sample monthly mean cloud frequency profiles to perform the radiative transfer calculations. It is shown that the MCICA technique provides a good estimate of all feedback sensitivity parameters. The radiative perturbation results are used to investigate the spatial variability of model feedbacks showing that the shortwave cloud and lapse rate feedbacks exhibit the most and second most spatial variability, respectively. It has been shown that the model surface temperature response is highly correlated with the change in the TOA net flux, and that the latter is largely determined by the total feedback spatial pattern rather than the external forcing. It is shown by representing the change in the TOA net flux as a linear combination of individual feedback radiative perturbations that the lapse rate explains the most spatial variance of the surface temperature response. Feedback spatial patterns are correlated with the model response and other feedback spatial patterns to investigate these relationships. The results indicate that the model convective response is strongly correlated with cloud and water vapor feedbacks, but the lapse rate feedback geographic distribution is strongly correlated with the climatological distribution of convection. The implication for the water vapor--lapse rate anticorrelation is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Global Climate Observing System
KW  - Climatology -- Observations
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
KW  - Upper atmosphere -- Observations
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Climate
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Radiation budgets
KW  - Radiative fluxes
N1  - Accession Number: 61081620; Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Ellingson, Robert G. 2; Ming Cai 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Department of Meteorology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; Issue Info: Jun2011, Vol. 24 Issue 11, p2737; Thesaurus Term: Global Climate Observing System; Thesaurus Term: Climatology -- Observations; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Subject Term: Upper atmosphere -- Observations; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budgets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative fluxes; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 11 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3788.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stringer, DB
AU  - Sheth, PN
AU  - Allaire, PE
T1  - Modal reduction of geared rotor systems with general damping and gyroscopic effects.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 975
EP  - 987
SN  - 10775463
AB  - The presence of damping, gyroscopic behavior, and gearing complicates traditional vibration analysis. This paper presents a methodology for conducting modal reduction on a geared rotor dynamic system under the influences of general damping and gyroscopic effects. Based on the first-order, state-space methodology, a coordinate transformation is presented for diagonalizing the state equations of motion for each substructure in the system. A modal synthesis procedure assembles the system equations from the individual substructures. The substructures are coupled via gear-mesh interactions. Using this technique, the size and complexity of a model can be reduced without incurring significant loss of accuracy. The reduced model allows for traditional methods of system analysis to include eigen-solution analysis, and frequency response. Validation occurs through application to a simple geared system widely discussed in the literature. The results of the modal reduction match closely with the full finite element model. A transmission system is also analyzed to illustrate the method’s usefulness to a complex system model of multiple shafts and gear interactions. Considerations arising from the analysis of geared systems are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - VIBRATION tests
KW  - MODAL synthesis
KW  - GEARING -- Vibration
KW  - AUTOMOBILES -- Power trains
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering -- Research
KW  - Gearing effect
KW  - general damping systems
KW  - gyroscopic systems
KW  - modal reduction
N1  - Accession Number: 60981031; Stringer, DB 1; Sheth, PN 2; Allaire, PE 3; Source Information: Jun2011, Vol. 17 Issue 7, p975; Subject: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject: VIBRATION tests; Subject: MODAL synthesis; Subject: GEARING -- Vibration; Subject: AUTOMOBILES -- Power trains; Subject: MECHANICAL engineering -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gearing effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: general damping systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: gyroscopic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: modal reduction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5557
L3  - 10.1177/1077546310372848
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Small, R. J.
AU  - Campbell, T.
AU  - Teixeira, J.
AU  - Carniel, S.
AU  - Smith, T. A.
AU  - Dykes, J.
AU  - Chen, S.
AU  - Allard, R.
T1  - Air--Sea Interaction in the Ligurian Sea: Assessment of a Coupled Ocean--Atmosphere Model Using In Situ Data from LASIE07.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 139
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1785
EP  - 1808
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - In situ experimental data and numerical model results are presented for the Ligurian Sea in the northwestern Mediterranean. The Ligurian Sea Air--Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE07) and LIGURE2007 experiments took place in June 2007. The LASIE07 and LIGURE2007 data are used to validate the Coupled Ocean--Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)1 developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This system includes an atmospheric sigma coordinate, nonhydrostatic model, coupled to a hydrostatic sigma- z-level ocean model (Navy Coastal Ocean Model), using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). A month-long simulation, which includes data assimilation in the atmosphere and full coupling, is compared against an uncoupled run where analysis SST is used for computation of the bulk fluxes. This reveals that COAMPS has reasonable skill in predicting the wind stress and surface heat fluxes at LASIE07 mooring locations in shallow and deep water. At the LASIE07 coastal site (but not at the deep site) the validation shows that the coupled model has a much smaller bias in latent heat flux, because of improvements in the SST field relative to the uncoupled model. This in turn leads to large differences in upper-ocean temperature between the coupled model and an uncoupled ocean model run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean-atmosphere interaction
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Field work (Research)
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Mediterranean Sea
KW  - Ligurian Sea
KW  - Air-sea interaction
KW  - Coupled models
KW  - Field experiments
KW  - In situ observations
N1  - Accession Number: 61022067; Small, R. J. 1,2; Campbell, T. 1; Teixeira, J. 3; Carniel, S. 4; Smith, T. A. 1; Dykes, J. 1; Chen, S. 5; Allard, R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; 2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California; 4: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISMAR, Castello, Venice, Italy; 5: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California; Issue Info: Jun2011, Vol. 139 Issue 6, p1785; Thesaurus Term: Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Field work (Research); Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Heat flux; Subject: Mediterranean Sea; Subject: Ligurian Sea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air-sea interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coupled models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ observations; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 11 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010MWR3431.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldblatt, Colin
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - Faint young Sun paradox remains.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/06//6/1/2011
VL  - 474
IS  - 7349
M3  - Article
SP  - E1
EP  - E1
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Arising from M. T. Rosing, D. K. Bird, N. H. Sleep & C. J. Bjerrum, 464, 744-747 (2010)The Sun was fainter when the Earth was young, but the climate was generally at least as warm as today; this is known as the 'faint young Sun paradox'. Rosing et al. claim that the paradox can be resolved by making the early Earth's clouds and surface less reflective. We show that, even with the strongest plausible assumptions, reducing cloud and surface albedos falls short by a factor of two of resolving the paradox. A temperate Archean climate cannot be reconciled with the low level of CO2 suggested by Rosing et al.; a stronger greenhouse effect is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes -- Research
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Stratigraphic geology -- Archaean
KW  - Paradox
KW  - Clouds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Sun
KW  - Earth (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 60973719; Goldblatt, Colin 1; Zahnle, Kevin J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 6/1/2011, Vol. 474 Issue 7349, pE1; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Stratigraphic geology -- Archaean; Subject Term: Paradox; Subject Term: Clouds -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Sun; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature09961
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rickman, Doug
T1  - Digital Analysis of Remotely Sensed Imagery.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 77
IS  - 6
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 560
EP  - 562
SN  - 00991112
AB  - The article reviews the book "Digital Analysis of Remotely Sensed Imagery," by Jay Gao.
KW  - Digital image processing -- Software
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Gao, Jay
KW  - Digital Analysis of Remotely Sensed Imagery (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 61438857; Rickman, Doug 1; Affiliations: 1: Applied Science Team Lead, Earth Science Office, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Jun2011, Vol. 77 Issue 6, p560; Subject Term: Digital image processing -- Software; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Digital Analysis of Remotely Sensed Imagery (Book); People: Gao, Jay; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikoleris, Tasos
AU  - Gupta, Gautam
AU  - Kistler, Matthew
T1  - Detailed estimation of fuel consumption and emissions during aircraft taxi operations at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
JO  - Transportation Research: Part D
JF  - Transportation Research: Part D
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 302
EP  - 308
SN  - 13619209
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents a detailed estimation of fuel consumption and emissions during taxi operations using aircraft position data from actual operations at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Making assumptions of the thrust level during each state, fuel flow and emission index values from International Civil Aviation Organization’s databank are extrapolated. This provides a relative comparison of all the taxi phases and their contribution to the total effect. Analysis reveals that stop-and-go situations, resulting primarily from congestion on airport’s taxiway system, account for approximately 18% of fuel consumed. The states of idling and taxiing at constant speed or braking were found to be the two largest sources of fuel burn and emissions, and the model estimates are sensitive to the thrust level assumptions for these states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part D is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Taxiways
KW  - Extrapolation
KW  - Airplanes -- Taxiing
KW  - Fort Worth (Tex.)
KW  - Dallas (Tex.)
KW  - Texas
KW  - Aircraft emissions
KW  - Aircraft taxi operations
KW  - Aviation
KW  - Emissions inventory
KW  - Fuel burn
KW  - International Civil Aviation Organization
KW  - Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport
N1  - Accession Number: 59187522; Nikoleris, Tasos 1; Email Address: nikoleris@gmail.com; Gupta, Gautam 2; Kistler, Matthew 3; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Transportation Studies, 109 McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1720, United States; 2: UARC – NASA Ames Research Center, Building 210, MS 210-8, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 3: Mosaic ATM, Inc., 801 Sycolin Rd., Suite 306, Leesburg, VA 20175, United States; Issue Info: Jun2011, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p302; Thesaurus Term: Energy consumption; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Taxiways; Subject Term: Extrapolation; Subject Term: Airplanes -- Taxiing; Subject Term: Fort Worth (Tex.); Subject: Dallas (Tex.); Subject: Texas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft taxi operations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aviation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel burn ; Company/Entity: International Civil Aviation Organization ; Company/Entity: Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trd.2011.01.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=59187522&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bater, Christopher W.
AU  - Wulder, Michael A.
AU  - Coops, Nicholas C.
AU  - Nelson, Ross F.
AU  - Hilker, Thomas
AU  - Nasset, Erik
T1  - Stability of Sample-Based Scanning-LiDAR-Derived Vegetation Metrics for Forest Monitoring.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2385
EP  - 2392
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The objective of this paper is to gain insights into the reproducibility of light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived vegetation metrics for multiple acquisitions carried out on the same day, where we can assume that forest and terrain conditions at a given location have not changed. Four overlapping lines were flown over a forested area in Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Forty-six 0.04-ha plots were systematically established, and commonly derived variables were extracted from first and last returns, including height-related metrics, cover estimates, return intensities, and absolute scan angles. Plot-level metrics from each LiDAR pass were then compared using multivariate repeated-measures analysis-of-variance tests. Results indicate that, while the number of returns was significantly different between the four overlapping flight lines, most LiDAR-derived first return vegetation height metrics were not. First return maximum height and overstory cover, however, were significantly different and varied between flight lines by an average of approximately 2% and 4%, respectively. First return intensities differed significantly between overpasses where sudden changes in the metric occurred without any apparent explanation; intensity should only be used following calibration. With the exception of the standard deviation of height, all second return metrics were significantly different between flight lines. Despite these minor differences, the study demonstrates that, when the LiDAR sensor, settings, and data acquisition flight parameters remain constant, and time-related forest dynamics are not factors, LiDAR-derived metrics of the same location provide stable and repeatable measures of the forest structure, confirming the suitability of LiDAR for forest monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Analysis of variance
KW  - Distance measurement
KW  - Forest monitoring
KW  - laser altimetry
KW  - Laser radar
KW  - light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - sampling
KW  - Sea measurements
KW  - Vegetation mapping
N1  - Accession Number: 60831766; Bater, Christopher W. 1; Wulder, Michael A. 2; Coops, Nicholas C. 1; Nelson, Ross F. 3; Hilker, Thomas 1; Nasset, Erik 4; Affiliations: 1: Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; 2: Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, Canada; 3: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 614.4, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, USA; 4: Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Issue Info: Jun2011, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p2385; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analysis of variance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distance measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: laser altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: light detection and ranging (LiDAR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation mapping; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2099232
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=60831766&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yan, Hongru
AU  - Huang, Jianping
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Wang, Tianhe
AU  - Bi, Jianrong
T1  - Comparison of CERES surface radiation fluxes with surface observations over Loess Plateau
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1489
EP  - 1500
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Surface energy budget is an important factor in weather and climate processes. To estimate the errors in satellite-retrieved surface radiation budget over the interior of China, instantaneous-footprint surface radiation fluxes from the Terra/Aqua FLASHFlux SSF product are compared with the measurements taken at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) from July 2008 to March 2010. Validation is performed separately for different conditions: clear-sky and cloudy-sky, daytime and nighttime for four seasons. Differences between the FLASHFlux CERES shortwave radiation flux and surface measurements have larger standard deviations in cloudy-sky conditions than in clear-sky conditions, indicating that cloud contamination increases uncertainty in the retrieval algorithm. Upward shortwave radiation flux (USW) is overestimated in cloudy conditions suggesting that the cloud parameters and surface scene type in the retrieval process are not optimal for northwestern China. The CERES downward longwave radiation fluxes (DLW) accurately follow the variation of surface measurements during daytime, but are slightly underestimated during nighttime due to the coarse sounding profile and undetected low clouds at nighttime. The CERES upwelling longwave radiation fluxes (ULW) are strongly underestimated during daytime but are slightly underestimated during nighttime regardless of cloud coverage. This large bias could be caused by an underestimate of surface skin temperature and/or surface emissivity, or spatial inhomogeneity around the site. Generally, except for diurnal ULW, other components of the surface radiative fluxes obtained from CERES SSF datasets are close to meeting the accuracy requirements for climate research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Climatology -- Observations
KW  - Energy budget (Geophysics)
KW  - Artificial satellites in earth sciences
KW  - Surface energy
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Loess Plateau (China)
KW  - China
KW  - CERES/SSF
KW  - surface radiative fluxes
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 59775286; Yan, Hongru 1; Huang, Jianping 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn; Minnis, Patrick 2; Wang, Tianhe 1; Bi, Jianrong 1; Affiliations: 1: Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Issue Info: Jun2011, Vol. 115 Issue 6, p1489; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Climatology -- Observations; Thesaurus Term: Energy budget (Geophysics); Thesaurus Term: Artificial satellites in earth sciences; Subject Term: Surface energy; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject: Loess Plateau (China); Subject: China; Author-Supplied Keyword: CERES/SSF; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface radiative fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Hoogenboom, Gerrit
AU  - Wilkens, Paul W.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr, Paul W.
AU  - Hoelr, James M.
T1  - Evaluation of Satellite-Based, Modeled-Derived Daily Solar Radiation Data for the Continental United States.
JO  - Agronomy Journal
JF  - Agronomy Journal
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 103
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1242
EP  - 1251
SN  - 00654663
AB  - Decision support tools for agriculture often require meteorological data as inputs, but data availability and quality are often problematic. Difficulties arise with daily solar radiation (SRAD) because the instruments require electronic integrators, accurate sensors are expensive, and calibration standards are seldom available. NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resources (NASA/ POWER; power.larc.nasa.gov) project estimates SRAD based on satellite observations and atmospheric parameters obtained from satellite observations and assimilation models. These data are available for a global 10 x 10 coordinate grid. The SRAD can also be generated from atmospheric attenuation of extraterrestrial radiation (Q0). We compared daily solar radiation data from NASA/ POWER (SRADNP) with instrument readings from 295 stations (observed values of daily solar radiation, SRADOB) and values estimated by Weather Generator for Solar Radiation (WGEN R) generator. Two sources ofair temperature and precipitation records provided inputs to WGENR: the stations reporting solar data and the NOAA Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) stations. The resulting data were identified as solar radiation valaues obtained using the Weather Generator for Solar Radiation software in con- junction with daily weather data from the stations providing values of observed values ofdaily solar radiation (SRADWG) and solar radiation values obtained using the Weather Generator for Solar Radiation software in conjunction with daily weather data from NOAA COOP stations (SRADCO), respectively. Values of SRADNP for individual grid cells consistently showed higher correlations (typically 0.85-0.95) with SRADOB than did SRADWG or SRADCO. Mean values of SRADOB, SRADWG, and SRADNP for a grid cell usuallywere within 1 MJ m-2 d-1 ofeach other, but NASA/POWERvalues averaged 1.1 MJ m-2 d-1 lower than SRADOB. This bias increased at lower latitudes and during summer months and is partially explained by assumptions about ambient aerosol properties. The NASA/POWER solar data are a promising resource for studies requiring realistic accounting ofhistoric variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agronomy Journal is the property of American Society of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 71661726; White, Jeffrey W. 1; Email Address: jeffreywhite@ars.usda.gov; Hoogenboom, Gerrit 2; Wilkens, Paul W. 3; Stackhouse Jr, Paul W. 4; Hoelr, James M. 5; Affiliations: 1: USDA-ARS, U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, 21881 N Cardon Lu, Maricopa, AZ 85138; 2: Dep Biol & Agric Eng, Univ of Georgia, 1109 Experiment St, Griffin, GA 30223-1797; 3: International Fertilizer Development Center, PO Box 2040, Muscle Shoals, AL 35662; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199; 5: SSAI/Langley Research Center, One Enterprise Pkwy., Hampton, VA 23666-5845; Issue Info: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 103 Issue 4, p1242; Subject Term: Decision support systems; Subject Term: Calibration; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keppel-Aleks, G.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Washenfelder, R. A.
AU  - Wunch, D.
AU  - Schneider, T.
AU  - Toon, G. C.
AU  - Andres, R. J.
AU  - Blavier, J.-F.
AU  - Connor, B.
AU  - Davis, K. J.
AU  - Desai, A. R.
AU  - Messerschmidt, J.
AU  - Notholt, J.
AU  - Roehl, C. M.
AU  - Sherlock, V.
AU  - Stephens, B. B.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Wofsy, S. C.
T1  - The imprint of surface fluxes and transport on variations in total column carbon dioxide.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 7475
EP  - 7524
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - New observations of the vertically integrated CO2 mixing ratio, (CO2), from ground-based remote sensing show that variations in (CO2) are primarily determined by large-scale flux patterns. They therefore provide fundamentally different information than observations made within the boundary layer, which reflect the combined influence of large scale and local fluxes. Observations of both (CO2) and CO2 concentrations in the free troposphere show that large-scale spatial gradients induce synoptic-scale temporal variations in (CO2) in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes through horizontal advection. Rather than obscure the signature of surface fluxes on atmospheric CO2, these synoptic-scale variations provide useful information that can be used to reveal the meridional flux distribution. We estimate the meridional gradient in (CO2) from covariations in (CO2) and potential temperature, ϑ, a dynamical tracer, on synoptic timescales to evaluate surface flux estimates commonly used in carbon cycle models. We find that Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) biospheric fluxes underestimate both the (CO2) seasonal cycle amplitude throughout the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes as well as the meridional gradient during the growing season. Simulations using CASA net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with increased and phase-shifted boreal fluxes better reflect the observations. Our simulations suggest that boreal growing season NEE (between 45-65° N) is underestimated by ~40% in CASA. We describe the implications for this large seasonal exchange on inference of the net Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon sink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Northern Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 67401591; Keppel-Aleks, G. 1; Email Address: gka@alum.mit.edu; Wennberg, P. O. 1; Washenfelder, R. A. 2; Wunch, D. 1; Schneider, T. 1; Toon, G. C. 3; Andres, R. J. 4; Blavier, J.-F. 3; Connor, B. 5; Davis, K. J. 6; Desai, A. R. 7; Messerschmidt, J. 8; Notholt, J. 8; Roehl, C. M. 1; Sherlock, V. 9; Stephens, B. B. 10; Vay, S. A. 11; Wofsy, S. C. 12; Affiliations: 1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA; 4: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 5: BC Consulting, New Zealand; 6: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 7: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; 8: University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 9: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, VA, USA; 12: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p7475; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject: Northern Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 50p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-8-7475-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devaraju, N.
AU  - Cao, L.
AU  - Bala, G.
AU  - Caldeira, K.
AU  - Nemani, R.
T1  - A model investigation of vegetation-atmosphere interactions on a millennial timescale.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 8761
EP  - 8780
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - A terrestrial biosphere model with dynamic vegetation capability, Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), coupled to the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM2) is used to investigate the multiple climate-forest equilibrium states of the climate system. A 1000-yr control simulation and another 1000-yr land cover change simulation that consisted of global deforestation for 100 yr followed by re-growth of forests for the subsequent 900 yr were performed. After several centuries of interactive climate-vegetation dynamics, the land cover change simulation converged to essentially the same climate state as the control simulation. However, the climate system takes about a millennium to reach the control forest state. In the absence of deep ocean feedbacks in our model, the millennial time scale for converging to the original climate state is dictated by long time scales of the terrestrial carbon stocks, biomass and soil carbon. Our idealized modeling study suggests that the equilibrium state reached after complete global deforestation followed by re-growth of forests is unlikely to be distinguishable from the control climate. The real world, however, could have multiple climate-forest states since our modeling study is unlikely to have represented all the essential ecological processes (e.g. altered fire regimes, seed sources and seedling establishment dynamics) for the re-establishment of major biomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Deforestation -- Control
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Seedlings
N1  - Accession Number: 67401628; Devaraju, N. 1; Email Address: dev@caos.iisc.ernet.in; Cao, L. 2; Bala, G. 1; Caldeira, K. 2; Nemani, R. 3; Affiliations: 1: Divecha Centre for Climate Change and Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore -- 560 012, India; 2: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p8761; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation -- Control; Thesaurus Term: Land cover; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Seedlings; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-8-8761-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=67401628&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fereres, Sonia
AU  - Lautenberger, Chris
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, Carlos
AU  - Urban, David
AU  - Ruff, Gary
T1  - Mass flux at ignition in reduced pressure environments
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 158
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1301
EP  - 1306
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Ignition of solid combustible materials can occur at atmospheric pressures lower than standard either in high altitude environments or inside pressurized vehicles such as aircraft and spacecraft. NASA’s latest space exploration vehicles have a cabin atmosphere of reduced pressure and increased oxygen concentration. Recent piloted ignition experiments indicate that ignition times are reduced under these environmental conditions compared to normal atmospheric conditions, suggesting that the critical mass flux at ignition may also be reduced. Both effects may result in an increased fire risk of combustible solid materials in reduced pressure environments that warrant further investigation. As a result, a series of experiments are conducted to explicitly measure fuel mass flux at ignition and ignition delay time as a function of ambient pressure for the piloted ignition of PMMA under external radiant heating. Experimental findings reveal that ignition time and the fuel mass flux at ignition decrease when ambient pressure is lowered, proving with the latter what earlier authors had inferred. It is concluded that the reduced pressure environment results in smaller convective heat losses from the heated material to the surroundings, allowing for the material to heat more rapidly and pyrolyze faster. It is also proposed that a lower mass flux of volatiles is required to reach the lean flammability limit of the gases near the pilot at reduced pressures, due mainly to a reduced oxygen concentration, an enlarged boundary layer, and a thicker fuel species profile. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - Flammability
KW  - Radiant heating
KW  - Mass loss (Astrophysics)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Fire
KW  - Outer space -- Exploration
KW  - Outer space
KW  - Ignition delay time
KW  - Low pressure
KW  - Mass flux at ignition
KW  - Mass loss
N1  - Accession Number: 60664864; Fereres, Sonia 1; Email Address: sfereres@berkeley.edu; Lautenberger, Chris 1; Fernandez-Pello, Carlos 1; Urban, David 2; Ruff, Gary 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jul2011, Vol. 158 Issue 7, p1301; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure; Thesaurus Term: Flammability; Subject Term: Radiant heating; Subject Term: Mass loss (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Fire; Subject Term: Outer space -- Exploration; Subject Term: Outer space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ignition delay time; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass flux at ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass loss; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.
AU  - Choudhury, Debabani
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - Location Specific Coverage With Wireless Platform Integrated 60-GHz Antenna Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2011/07//
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2661
EP  - 2671
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - 60-GHz antennas are embedded inside a laptop computer chassis to evaluate suitable integration scenarios for effective far-field range coverage. A broad-beam patch and a switched-beam directive quasi-Yagi array are designed and utilized to conduct experimental tests on a real laptop computer. An electromagnetic modeling tool is used to fine tune the antenna's specific position at different locations in the laptop lid and base. In general, it is found that the platform embedded antennas exhibit satisfactory performance when they illuminate a small area of the chassis in the boresight direction, which prevents unwanted surface waves radiated from the chassis discontinuities (edges, corners, apertures) from interfering with the antenna main beam. In practice, this is simply achievable by keeping the antenna within a wavelength (5 mm) or closer to the frontal cover surface. Improper antenna placement may lead to antenna beamwidth reduction, boresight gain decrease, boresight angle tilt, and shadow regions formation. The derived results are not solely specific to the laptop chassis problem, and can thus be used to design general purpose wireless platform integrated 60-GHz antenna systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO antennas
KW  - PORTABLE computers
KW  - ELECTRIC switchgear
KW  - ANTENNA radiation patterns
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
KW  - LAPTOP computers
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
N1  - Accession Number: 62559880; Source Information: Jul2011, Vol. 59 Issue 7, p2661; Subject Term: RADIO antennas; Subject Term: PORTABLE computers; Subject Term: ELECTRIC switchgear; Subject Term: ANTENNA radiation patterns; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; Subject Term: LAPTOP computers; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2011.2152330
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McMillan, W. W.
AU  - Evans, Keith D.
AU  - Barnet, Christopher D.
AU  - Maddy, Eric S.
AU  - Sachse, Glen W.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
T1  - Validating the AIRS Version 5 CO Retrieval With DACOM In Situ Measurements During INTEX-A and -B.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2802
EP  - 2813
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Herein we provide a description of the atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) version 5 (v5) carbon monoxide (CO) retrieval algorithm and its validation with the DACOM in situ measurements during the INTEX-A and -B campaigns. All standard and support products in the AIRS v5 CO retrieval algorithm are documented. Building on prior publications, we describe the convolution of in situ measurements with the AIRS v5 CO averaging kernel and first-guess CO profile as required for proper validation. Validation is accomplished through comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with convolved in situ CO profiles acquired during the NASA Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiments (INTEX) in 2004 and 2006. From 143 profiles in the northern mid-latitudes during these two experiments, we find AIRS v5 CO retrievals are biased high by 6%–10% between 900 and 300 hPa with a root-mean-square error of 8%–12%. No significant differences were found between validation using spiral profiles coincident with AIRS overpasses and in-transit profiles under the satellite track but up to 13 h off in time. Similarly, no significant differences in validation results were found for ocean versus land, day versus night, or with respect to retrieved cloud top pressure or cloud fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - SPIRALS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Carbon monoxide (CO)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - infrared measurements
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Kernel
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellite validation
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Spirals
KW  - Surface topography
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 62026789; McMillan, W. W. 1; Evans, Keith D. 2; Barnet, Christopher D. 3; Maddy, Eric S. 4; Sachse, Glen W. 5; Diskin, Glenn S. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: UMBC/JCET, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), Camp Springs, USA; 4: Dell, Inc., Round Rock, USA; 5: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Jul2011, Vol. 49 Issue 7, p2802; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: SPIRALS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide (CO); Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kernel; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spirals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface topography ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2106505
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Bhat, Chandan
AU  - Hande, Madhura
AU  - More, Vikrant
AU  - Vaidya, Rahul
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Prognostication of Residual Life and Latent Damage Assessment in Lead-Free Electronics Under Thermomechanical Loads.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 58
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2605
EP  - 2616
SN  - 02780046
AB  - Requirements for system availability for ultrahigh reliability electronic systems such as airborne and space electronic systems are driving the need for advanced health monitoring techniques for the early detection of the onset of damage. Aerospace electronic systems usually face a very harsh environment, requiring them to survive the high strain rates, e.g., during launch and reentry, and thermal environments, including extremely low and high temperatures. Traditional health monitoring methodologies have relied on reactive methods of failure detection often providing little or no insight into the remaining useful life of the system. In this paper, a mathematical approach for the interrogation of the system state under cyclic thermomechanical stresses has been developed for six different lead-free solder alloy systems. Data have been collected for leading indicators of failure for alloy systems, including \Sn3\Ag0.5\Cu, \Sn0.3\Ag0.7\Cu, \Sn1\Ag0.5\Cu, \Sn0.3\Ag0.5\Cu0.1\Bi, \Sn0.2\Ag0.5\Cu0.1\Bi0.1\Ni, and 96.5\Sn3.5\Ag second-level interconnects under the application of cyclic thermomechanical loads. The methodology presented resides in the prefailure space of the system in which no macroindicators such as cracks or delamination exist. Systems subjected to thermomechanical damage have been interrogated for the system state and the computed damage state correlated with the known imposed damage. The approach involves the use of condition monitoring devices which can be interrogated for damage proxies at finite time intervals. The interrogation techniques are based on the derivation of damage proxies and system prior-damage-based nonlinear least square methods, including the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The system's residual life is computed based on residual-life computation algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - LEAD
KW  - Aerospace electronics
KW  - Assembly
KW  - Equations
KW  - Health monitoring
KW  - leading indicators of failure
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - Metals
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - prognostics
KW  - solder joint reliability
KW  - Thermomechanical processes
N1  - Accession Number: 61254923; Lall, Pradeep 1; Bhat, Chandan 2; Hande, Madhura 3; More, Vikrant 1; Vaidya, Rahul 1; Goebel, Kai 4; Affiliations: 1: National Science Foundation Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; 2: Cree, Inc., Durham, NC, USA; 3: Intel Corporation, Schaumburg, IL, USA; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field , CA, USA; Issue Info: Jul2011, Vol. 58 Issue 7, p2605; Thesaurus Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: LEAD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: leading indicators of failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: solder joint reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermomechanical processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIE.2010.2089936
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=61254923&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu Li
AU  - Shields, Elwood
AU  - Geiselhart, Karl
T1  - Mixed-Fidelity Approach for Design of Low-Boom Supersonic Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1135
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper documents a mixed-fidelity approach for the design of low-boom supersonic aircraft with a focus on fuselage shaping. A low-boom configuration that is based on low-fidelity analysis is used as the baseline. The fuselage shape is modified iteratively to obtain a configuration with an equivalent-area distribution derived from computational fluid dynamics analysis that attempts to match a predetermined low-boom target area distribution and also yields a low-boom ground signature. The ground signature of the final configuration is calculated by using a state-of-the-art computational-fluid-dynamics-based boom analysis method that generates accurate midfield pressure distributions for propagation to the ground with ray tracing. The ground signature that is propagated from a midfield pressure distribution has a shaped ramp front, which is similar to the ground signature that is propagated from the computational fluid dynamics equivalent-area distribution. This result supports the validity of low-boom supersonic configuration design by matching a low-boom equivalent-area target, which is easier to accomplish than matching a low-boom midfield pressure target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 65789589; Source Information: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p1131; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C000228
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=65789589&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slemp, Wesley C. H.
AU  - Bird, R. Keith
AU  - Kapania, Rakesh K.
AU  - Havens, David
AU  - Norris, Ashley
AU  - Olliffe, Robert
T1  - Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of Integrally Stiffened AI-7050 Panel with Curved Stiffeners.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1163
EP  - 1175
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A curvilinear stiffened panel was designed, manufactured, and tested at NASA Langley Research Center in the combined load test fixture. The panel was optimized for minimum mass subjected to constraints on buckling load, yielding, and crippling or local stiffener failure, using a new analysis tool named EBF3PanelOpt. The panel was designed for a combined compression-shear loading configuration, which is a realistic load case for a typical aircraft wing panel. The panel was loaded beyond buckling and strains, and out-of-plane displacements were extracted from a total of 32 strain gages and 5 linear variable displacement transducers. A digital photogrammetic system was used to obtain full-field displacements/strains in the lower half of the stiffened side of the panel. The experimental data were compared with the strains and out-of-plane deflections from a high-fidelity nonlinear finite element analysis. The experimental data were also compared with linear elastic finite element results of the panel/test fixture assembly. The numerical results indicated that the panel buckled at the linearly elastic buckling eigenvalue predicted by the panel/test fixture assembly. The out-of-plane displacement measured by the digital photogrammetic system compared well both qualitatively and quantitatively with the nonlinear finite element solution in the postbuckling regime. Furthermore, the experimental strains compared well with both the linear and nonlinear finite element model before buckling. For the postbuckling regime, the nonlinear model compared well at some locations and poorly at others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - EIGENVALUES
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 65789592; Source Information: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p1163; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: EIGENVALUES; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031118
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suhir, Ephraim
AU  - Mogford, Richard H.
T1  - Two Men in a Cockpit: Casualty Likelihood if One Pilot Becomes Incapacitated.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1309
EP  - 1314
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A double-exponential probability distribution function of the extreme-value-distribution type is introduced to quantify the likelihood of a human's failure to perform his/her duties when operating a vehicle: an aircraft, a spacecraft, a boat, a helicopter, a car, etc. As a possible illustration of the general concept, a situation is considered when two pilots operate an aircraft in an ordinary (normal, routine) fashion that abruptly changes to an extraordinary (offnormal, hazardous) one if one of the pilots becomes incapacitated for one reason or another. Such a mishap is referred to as an accident. Because of the accident, the other pilot, the pilot in charge, might have to cope with a higher mental workload. A fatal casualty will occur if both pilots become unable to perform their duties. Although this circumstance will eventually manifest itself only during landing, in order to assess the probability of the potential casualty, an en route situation (i.e., a situation that precedes descending and landing) is nonetheless considered. This probability depends on the capability of the pilot in charge to successfully cope with the increased mental workload. We determine the probability of a casualty as a function of the actual mental-workload level and the level of the human-capacity factor. The total flight time and the time after the accident are treated in the analysis as nonrandom parameters. The suggested mental-workload/human-capacity-factor model and its generalizations, after appropriate sensitivity analyses are carried out, can be helpful when developing guidelines for personnel training, when choosing the appropriate flight simulation conditions, and/or when there is a need to decide if the existing level of automation and the navigation instrumentation and equipment are adequate to cope with extraordinary (offnormal) situations. If not, additional and/or more advanced instrumentation and equipment should be considered, developed, and installed. Plenty of additional risk analyses and human-psychology-related effort will be needed, of course, to make the guidelines based on the suggested probabilistic risk-management extreme-value-distribution model practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - MENTAL work
KW  - DISABILITIES
N1  - Accession Number: 65789608; Source Information: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p1309; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: MENTAL work; Subject Term: DISABILITIES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031263
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
AU  - Ellingson, Robert G.
AU  - Ming Cai
T1  - Seasonal Variations of Climate Feedbacks in the NCAR CCSM3.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 24
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3433
EP  - 3444
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study investigates the annual cycle of radiative contributions to global climate feedbacks. A partial radiative perturbation (PRP) technique is used to diagnose monthly radiative perturbations at the top of atmosphere (TOA) due to CO2 forcing; surface temperature response; and water vapor, cloud, lapse rate, and surface albedo feedbacks using NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) output from a Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B emissions-scenario-forced climate simulation. The seasonal global mean longwave TOA radiative feedback was found to be minimal. However, the global mean shortwave (SW) TOA cloud and surface albedo radiative perturbations exhibit large seasonality. The largest contributions to the negative SW cloud feedback occur during summer in each hemisphere, marking the largest differences with previous results. Results suggest that intermodel spread in climate sensitivity may occur, partially from cloud and surface albedo feedback seasonality differences. Further, links between the climate feedback and surface temperature response seasonality are investigated, showing a strong relationship between the seasonal climate feedback distribution and the seasonal surface temperature response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Periodicity in meteorology
KW  - Surface energy
KW  - Meteorology -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - United States
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Forcing
KW  - General circulation model
KW  - Seasonal variability
KW  - National Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 62522966; Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Ellingson, Robert G. 2; Ming Cai 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; Issue Info: Jul2011, Vol. 24 Issue 13, p3433; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: Periodicity in meteorology; Subject Term: Surface energy; Subject Term: Meteorology -- Equipment & supplies; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: General circulation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasonal variability ; Company/Entity: National Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.); Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2011JCLI3862.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilliam, Ashley E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Titan under a red dwarf star and as a rogue planet: requirements for liquid methane
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 835
EP  - 839
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Titan has a surface temperature of 94K and a surface pressure of 1.4 atmospheres. These conditions make it possible for liquid methane solutions to be present on the surface. Here, we consider how Titan could have liquid methane while orbiting around an M4 red dwarf star, and a special case of Titan orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581. Because light from a red dwarf star has a higher fraction of infrared than the Sun, more of the starlight will reach the surface of Titan because its atmospheric haze is more transparent to infrared wavelengths. If Titan was placed at a distance from a red dwarf star such that it received the same average flux as it receives from the Sun, we calculate the increased infrared fraction, which will warm surface temperatures by an additional ∼10K. Compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars have less blackbody ultraviolet light but can have more Lyman α and particle radiation associated with flares. Thus depending on the details, the haze production may be much higher or much lower than for the current Titan. With the haze reduced by a factor of 100, Titan would have a surface temperature of 94K at a distance of 0.23AU from an M4 star and at a distance of 1.66AU, for Gliese 581. If the haze is increased by a factor of 100 the distances become 0.08 and 0.6AU for the M4-star and Gliese 581, respectively. As a rogue planet, with no incident stellar flux, Titan would need 1.6W/m2 of geothermal heat to maintain its current surface temperature, or an atmospheric opacity of 20× its present amount with 0.1W/m2 of geothermal heat. Thus Titan-like worlds beyond our solar system may provide environment supporting surface liquid methane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Liquid methane
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Red dwarf stars
KW  - Planets
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Sun
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Gliese 581
KW  - Habitability
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 61176432; Gilliam, Ashley E. 1,2; Email Address: agilliam@ucsc.edu; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States; 2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Issue Info: Jul2011, Vol. 59 Issue 9, p835; Thesaurus Term: Liquid methane; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Pressure; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Subject Term: Red dwarf stars; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Sun; Subject Term: Solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gliese 581; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Thompson, Gregory
AU  - Morrison, Hugh
AU  - Bansemer, Aaron
AU  - Rasmussen, Roy M.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Zhien Wang
AU  - Damao Zhang
T1  - Formation and Spread of Aircraft-Induced Holes in Clouds.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/07//7/1/2011
VL  - 333
IS  - 6038
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 81
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Hole-punch and canal clouds have been observed for more than 50 years, but the mechanisms of formation, development, duration, and thus the extent of their effect have largely been ignored. The holes have been associated with inadvertent seeding of clouds with ice particles generated by aircraft, produced through spontaneous freezing of cloud droplets in air cooled as it flows around aircraft propeller tips or over jet aircraft wings. Model simulations indicate that the growth of the ice particles can induce vertical motions with a duration of 1 hour or more, a process that expands the holes and canals in clouds. Global effects are minimal, but regionally near major airports, additional precipitation can be induced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Airplanes -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Measurement
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - Rain-making
KW  - Ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 63540698; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: heyms1@ncar.ucar.edu; Thompson, Gregory 1; Morrison, Hugh 1; Bansemer, Aaron 1; Rasmussen, Roy M. 1; Minnis, Patrick 2; Zhien Wang 3; Damao Zhang 3; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Issue Info: 7/1/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6038, p77; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Airplanes -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology) -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject Term: Rain-making; Subject Term: Ice crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1202851
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Can
AU  - Hsu, N. Christina
AU  - Tsay, Si-Chee
T1  - A study on the potential applications of satellite data in air quality monitoring and forecasting
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/07/11/
VL  - 45
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 3663
EP  - 3675
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: In this study we explore the potential applications of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) -like satellite sensors in air quality research for some Asian regions. The MODIS aerosol optical thickness (AOT), NCEP global reanalysis meteorological data, and daily surface PM10 concentrations over China and Thailand from 2001 to 2009 were analyzed using simple and multiple regression models. The AOT–PM10 correlation demonstrates substantial seasonal and regional difference, likely reflecting variations in aerosol composition and atmospheric conditions. Meteorological factors, particularly relative humidity, were found to influence the AOT–PM10 relationship. Their inclusion in regression models leads to more accurate assessment of PM10 from spaceborne observations. We further introduced a simple method for employing the satellite data to empirically forecast surface particulate pollution. In general, AOT from the previous day (day 0) is used as a predicator variable, along with the forecasted meteorology for the following day (day 1), to predict the PM10 level for day 1. The contribution of regional transport is represented by backward trajectories combined with AOT. This method was evaluated through PM10 hindcasts for 2008–2009, using observations from 2005 to 2007 as a training data set to obtain model coefficients. For five big Chinese cities, over 50% of the hindcasts have percentage error ≤ 30%. Similar performance was achieved for cities in northern Thailand. The MODIS AOT data are responsible for at least part of the demonstrated forecasting skill. This method can be easily adapted for other regions, but is probably most useful for those having sparse ground monitoring networks or no access to sophisticated deterministic models. We also highlight several existing issues, including some inherent to a regression-based approach as exemplified by a case study for Beijing. Further studies will be necessary before satellite data can see more extensive applications in the operational air quality monitoring and forecasting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality -- Research
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Air pollution forecasting
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Multiple regression analysis
KW  - Thailand
KW  - China
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 61459627; Li, Can 1,2; Email Address: can.li@nasa.gov; Hsu, N. Christina 2; Tsay, Si-Chee 2; Affiliations: 1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: Jul2011, Vol. 45 Issue 22, p3663; Thesaurus Term: Air quality -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution forecasting; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Multiple regression analysis; Subject: Thailand; Subject: China; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sasai, Takahiro
AU  - Saigusa, Nobuko
AU  - Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida
AU  - Ito, Akihiko
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Hirata, Ryuichi
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Takagi, Kentaro
AU  - Saitoh, Taku M.
AU  - Ohta, Takeshi
AU  - Murakami, Kazutaka
AU  - Yamaguchi, Yasushi
AU  - Oikawa, Takehisa
T1  - Satellite-driven estimation of terrestrial carbon flux over Far East Asia with 1-km grid resolution
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/07/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1758
EP  - 1771
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The terrestrial carbon cycle is strongly affected by natural phenomena, terrain heterogeneity, and human-induced activities that alter carbon exchange via vegetation and soil activities. In order to accurately understand terrestrial carbon cycle mechanisms, it is necessary to estimate spatial and temporal variations in carbon flux and storage using process-based models with the highest possible resolution. We estimated terrestrial carbon fluxes using a biosphere model integrating eco-physiological and mechanistic approaches based on satellite data (BEAMS) and observations with 1-km grid resolution. The study area is the central Far East Asia region, which lies between 30° and 50° north latitude and 125° and 150° east longitude. Aiming to simulate terrestrial carbon exchanges under realistic land surface conditions, we used as many satellite-observation datasets as possible, such as the standard MODIS, TRMM, and SRTM high-level land products. Validated using gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), net radiation and latent heat with ground measurements at six flux sites, the model estimations showed reasonable seasonal and annual patterns. In extensive analysis, the total GPP and NPP were determined to be 2.1 and 0.9PgC/year, respectively. The total NEP estimation was +5.6TgC/year, meaning that the land area played a role as a carbon sink from 2001 to 2006. In analyses of areas with complicated topography, the 1-km grid estimation could prove to be effective in evaluating the effect of landscape on the terrestrial carbon cycle. The method presented here is an appropriate approach for gaining a better understanding of terrestrial carbon exchange, both spatially and temporally. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - Ecophysiology
KW  - Resolution (Optics)
KW  - Organic synthesis (Chemistry)
KW  - East Asia
KW  - BEAMS
KW  - Biosphere model
KW  - Gross primary production
KW  - Net ecosystem production
KW  - Net primary production
KW  - Terrestrial carbon cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 60042480; Sasai, Takahiro 1; Email Address: sasai@nagoya-u.jp; Saigusa, Nobuko 2; Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida 3; Ito, Akihiko 2; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 4,5; Nemani, Ramakrishna 5; Hirata, Ryuichi 6; Ichii, Kazuhito 7; Takagi, Kentaro 8; Saitoh, Taku M. 9; Ohta, Takeshi 10; Murakami, Kazutaka 3; Yamaguchi, Yasushi 1; Oikawa, Takehisa 3; Affiliations: 1: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; 2: Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; 3: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; 4: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; 7: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan; 8: Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Horonobe 098-2943, Japan; 9: River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan; 10: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Issue Info: Jul2011, Vol. 115 Issue 7, p1758; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Biosphere; Thesaurus Term: Ecophysiology; Subject Term: Resolution (Optics); Subject Term: Organic synthesis (Chemistry); Subject: East Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: BEAMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosphere model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net ecosystem production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial carbon cycle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McNaughton, C. S.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Freitag, S.
AU  - Kapustin, V. N.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Moteki, N.
AU  - Sahu, L.
AU  - Takegawa, N.
AU  - Schwarz, J. P.
AU  - Spackman, J. R.
AU  - Watts, L.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Podolske, J.
AU  - Holloway, J. S.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - de Gouw, J.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Jimenez, J.
AU  - Cubison, M.
T1  - Absorbing aerosol in the troposphere of the Western Arctic during the 2008 ARCTAS/ARCPAC airborne field campaigns.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 11
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 7561
EP  - 7582
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - In the spring of 2008 NASA and NOAA funded the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns as contributions to POLARCAT, a core IPY activity. During the campaigns the NASA DC-8, P-3B and NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted over 160 h of in-situ sampling between 0.1 and 12 km throughout the Western Arctic north of 55° N (i.e. Alaska to Greenland). All aircraft were equipped with multiple wavelength measurements of aerosol optics, trace gas and aerosol chemistry measurements, as well as direct measurements of the aerosol size distributions and black carbon mass. Late April of 2008 proved to be exceptional in terms of Asian biomass burning emissions transported to the Western Arctic. Though these smoke plumes account for only 11-14% of the samples within the Western Arctic domain, they account for 42-47% of the total burden of black carbon. Dust was also commonly observed but only contributes to 4-12% and 3-8% of total light absorption at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths above 6 km. Below 6 km, light absorption by carbonaceous aerosol derived from urban/industrial and biomass burning emissions account for 97-99% of total light absorption by aerosol. Stratifying the data to reduce the influence of dust allows us to determine mass absorption efficiencies for black carbon of 11.2±0.8, 9.5±0.6 and 7.4±0.7m² g-1 at 470, 530 and 660 nm wavelengths. These estimates are consistent with 35-80% enhancements in 530 nm absorption due to clear or slightly absorbing coatings of pure black carbon particulate. Assuming a 1/λ wavelength dependence for BC absorption, and assuming that refractory aerosol (420 C, t = 0.1 s) in low-dust samples is dominated by brown carbon, we derive mass absorption efficiencies for brown carbon of 0.83±0.15 and 0.27±0.08 m² g-1 at 470 and 530 nm wavelengths. Estimates for the mass absorption efficiencies of Asian dust are 0.034 m² g-1 and 0.017 m² g-1. However the absorption efficiency estimates for dust are highly uncertain due to the limitations imposed by PSAP instrument noise. In-situ ARCTAS/ARCPAC measurements during the IPY provide valuable constraints for absorbing aerosol over the Western Arctic, species which are currently poorly simulated over a region that is critically under-sampled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Carbon-black -- Environmental aspects
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 66465872; McNaughton, C. S. 1; Email Address: csmcnaug@hawaii.edu; Clarke, A. D. 1; Freitag, S. 1; Kapustin, V. N. 1; Kondo, Y. 2; Moteki, N. 2; Sahu, L. 2; Takegawa, N. 2; Schwarz, J. P. 3; Spackman, J. R. 3; Watts, L. 3; Diskin, G. 4; Podolske, J. 5; Holloway, J. S. 3; Wisthaler, A. 6; Mikoviny, T. 6; de Gouw, J. 3; Warneke, C. 3,7; Jimenez, J. 7; Cubison, M. 7; Affiliations: 1: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; 2: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 3: Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 6: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 7: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 15, p7561; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject Term: Carbon-black -- Environmental aspects; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-7561-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Kacenelenbogen, M.
AU  - Remer, L. A.
T1  - The comparison of MODIS-Aqua (C5) and CALIOP (V2&V3) aerosol optical depth.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 22987
EP  - 23027
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We assess the consistency between instantaneously collocated level-2 aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from MODIS-Aqua (C5) and CALIOP (Version 2&3), comparing the standard MODIS AOD (MYD04&lowbar;L2) data to the AOD calculated from CALIOP aerosol extinction profiles for both the previous release (V2) and the latest release (V3) of CALIOP data. Based on data collected in January 2007, we investigate the most useful criteria for screening the MODIS and CALIOP retrievals to achieve the best agreement between the two data sets. Applying these criteria to eight months of data (January, April, July, October 2007 and 2009), we find an order of magnitude increase for the CALIOP V3 data density (by comparison to V2), that is generally accompanied by equal or better agreement with MODIS AOD. Differences in global, monthly mean, over-ocean AOD (532 nm) between CALIOP and MODIS range between 0.03 and 0.04 for CALIOP V3, with CALIOP generally biased low, when all available data from both sensors are considered. Root-mean-squares (RMS) differences in instantaneously collocated AOD retrievals by the two instruments are reduced from values ranging between 0.14 and 0.19 using the unscreened V3 data to values ranging from 0.09 to 0.1 for the screened data. A restriction to scenes with cloud fractions less than 1% (as defined in the MODIS aerosol retrievals) generally results in improved correlation (R² >0.5), except for the month of July when correlations remain relatively lower. Regional assessments show hot spots in disagreement between the two sensors in Asian outflow during April and off the coast of South Africa in July. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Opacity (Optics)
KW  - Hot spots (Astronomy)
KW  - Atmospheric physics
KW  - South Africa
N1  - Accession Number: 66865780; Redemann, J. 1; Email Address: jens.redemann-1@nasa.gov; Vaughan, M. A. 2; Zhang, Q. 1; Shinozuka, Y. 1; Russell, P. B. 3; Livingston, J. M. 4; Kacenelenbogen, M. 5; Remer, L. A. 6; Affiliations: 1: BAER Institute/NASA Ames, 4742 Suffolk Ct., Ventura, CA 93003, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Bldg. 245, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: SRI, International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; 5: ORAU/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, code 613.2, Bldg. 33, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p22987; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Opacity (Optics); Subject Term: Hot spots (Astronomy); Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Subject: South Africa; Number of Pages: 41p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-22987-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wise, M. E.
AU  - Baustian, K. J.
AU  - Koop, T.
AU  - Freedman, M. A.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Tolbert, M. A.
T1  - Depositional ice nucleation onto hydrated NaCl particles: a new mechanism for ice formation in the troposphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 11
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 23139
EP  - 23167
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Sea-salt aerosol particles (SSA) are ubiquitous in the marine boundary layer and over coastal areas. Therefore SSA have ability to directly and indirectly affect the Earth's radiation balance. The influence SSA have on climate is related to their water uptake and ice nucleation characteristics. In this study, optical microscopy coupled with Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the formation of an NaCl hydrate that could form under atmospheric conditions. NaCl(s) particles deliquesced at the well established value of 75.7±2.5% RH. NaCl(aq) particles effloresced to a mixture of hydrated and non-hydrated particles at temperatures between 236 and 252 K. The aqueous particles effloresced into the non-hydrated form at temperatures warmer than 252 K. At temperatures colder than 236 K all particles effloresced into the hydrated form. The deliquescence relative humidities (DRH) of hydrated NaCl(s) particles ranged from 76.6 to 93.2% RH. Based on the measured DRH and efflorescence relative humidities (ERH), we estimate crystalline NaCl particles could be in the hydrated form 40-80% of the time in the troposphere. Additionally, the ice nucleating abilities of NaCl(s) and hydrated NaCl(s) were determined at temperatures ranging from 221 to 238 K. NaCl(s) particles depositionally nucleated ice at an average Sice value of 1.11±0.07. Hydrated NaCl(s) particles depositionally nucleated ice at an average Sice value of 1.02±0.04. When a mixture of hydrated and anhydrous NaCl(s) particles was present in the same sample, ice preferentially nucleated on the hydrated particles 100% of the time. While both types of particles are efficient ice nuclei, hydrated NaCl(s) particles are better ice nuclei than NaCl(s) particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice nuclei
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Salt
KW  - Ice formation & growth
KW  - Efflorescence
KW  - Atmospheric physics
N1  - Accession Number: 66865784; Wise, M. E. 1,2; Baustian, K. J. 2,3; Koop, T. 4; Freedman, M. A. 5; Jensen, E. J. 6; Tolbert, M. A. 1,2; Email Address: tolbert@colorado.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 4: Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; 5: Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p23139; Thesaurus Term: Ice nuclei; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Salt; Subject Term: Ice formation & growth; Subject Term: Efflorescence; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-23139-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korolev, A. V.
AU  - Emery, E. F.
AU  - Strapp, J. W.
AU  - Cober, S. G.
AU  - Isaac, G. A.
AU  - Wasey, M.
AU  - Marcotte, D.
T1  - Small Ice Particles in Tropospheric Clouds: Fact or Artifact? Airborne Icing Instrumentation Evaluation Experiment.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 92
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 967
EP  - 973
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - No abstract available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Ice
KW  - Particles
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 66867369; Korolev, A. V. 1; Emery, E. F. 2; Strapp, J. W. 1; Cober, S. G. 1; Isaac, G. A. 1; Wasey, M. 1; Marcotte, D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Cloud Physics and Severe Weather Research Section, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; 3: National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Issue Info: Aug2011, Vol. 92 Issue 8, p967; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Subject Term: Ice clouds; Subject Term: Ice; Subject Term: Particles; Subject Term: Atmospheric water vapor -- Environmental aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010BAMS3141.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flores, Gilberto E.
AU  - Campbell, James H.
AU  - Kirshtein, Julie D.
AU  - Meneghin, Jennifer
AU  - Podar, Mircea
AU  - Steinberg, Joshua I.
AU  - Seewald, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Tivey, Margaret Kingston
AU  - Voytek, Mary A.
AU  - Yang, Zamin K.
AU  - Reysenbach, Anna-Louise
T1  - Microbial community structure of hydrothermal deposits from geochemically different vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2158
EP  - 2171
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Summary To evaluate the effects of local fluid geochemistry on microbial communities associated with active hydrothermal vent deposits, we examined the archaeal and bacterial communities of 12 samples collected from two very different vent fields: the basalt-hosted Lucky Strike (37°17′N, 32°16.3′W, depth 1600-1750 m) and the ultramafic-hosted Rainbow (36°13′N, 33°54.1′W, depth 2270-2330 m) vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Using multiplexed barcoded pyrosequencing of the variable region 4 (V4) of the 16S rRNA genes, we show statistically significant differences between the archaeal and bacterial communities associated with the different vent fields. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays of the functional gene diagnostic for methanogenesis ( mcrA), as well as geochemical modelling to predict pore fluid chemistries within the deposits, support the pyrosequencing observations. Collectively, these results show that the less reduced, hydrogen-poor fluids at Lucky Strike limit colonization by strict anaerobes such as methanogens, and allow for hyperthermophilic microaerophiles, like Aeropyrum. In contrast, the hydrogen-rich reducing vent fluids at the ultramafic-influenced Rainbow vent field support the prevalence of methanogens and other hydrogen-oxidizing thermophiles at this site. These results demonstrate that biogeographical patterns of hydrothermal vent microorganisms are shaped in part by large scale geological and geochemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - Archaebacteria
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Bacterial diversity
KW  - Hydrothermal vents
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - Geochemical modeling
KW  - Mid-Atlantic Ridge
N1  - Accession Number: 65013266; Flores, Gilberto E. 1; Campbell, James H. 2; Kirshtein, Julie D. 3; Meneghin, Jennifer 1; Podar, Mircea 2; Steinberg, Joshua I. 4; Seewald, Jeffrey S. 5; Tivey, Margaret Kingston 5; Voytek, Mary A. 3,6; Yang, Zamin K. 2; Reysenbach, Anna-Louise 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.; 2: Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.; 3: United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA.; 4: Oregon Episcopal School, Portland, OR 97223, USA.; 5: Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, USA.; Issue Info: Aug2011, Vol. 13 Issue 8, p2158; Thesaurus Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Archaebacteria; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial diversity; Subject Term: Hydrothermal vents; Subject Term: Polymerase chain reaction; Subject Term: Geochemical modeling; Subject: Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02463.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toure, Ally M.
AU  - Goita, Kalifa
AU  - Royer, Alain
AU  - Kim, Edward J.
AU  - Durand, Michael
AU  - Margulis, Steven A.
AU  - Lu, Huizhong
T1  - A Case Study of Using a Multilayered Thermodynamical Snow Model for Radiance Assimilation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 49
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2828
EP  - 2837
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A microwave radiance assimilation (RA) scheme for the retrieval of snow physical state variables requires a snowpack physical model (SM) coupled to a radiative transfer model. In order to assimilate microwave brightness temperatures (Tbs) at horizontal polarization (h-pol), an SM capable of resolving melt–refreeze crusts is required. To date, it has not been shown whether an RA scheme is tractable with the large number of state variables present in such an SM or whether melt-refreeze crust densities can be estimated. In this paper, an RA scheme is presented using the CROCUS SM which is capable of resolving melt-refreeze crusts. We assimilated both vertical (v) and horizontal (h) Tbs at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz. We found that assimilating Tb at both h-pol and vertical polarization (v-pol) into CROCUS dramatically improved snow depth estimates, with a bias of 1.4 cm compared to -7.3 cm reported by previous studies. Assimilation of both h-pol and v-pol led to more accurate results than assimilation of v-pol alone. The snow water equivalent (SWE) bias of the RA scheme was 0.4 cm, while the bias of the SWE estimated by an empirical retrieval algorithm was -2.9 cm. Characterization of melt-refreeze crusts via an RA scheme is demonstrated here for the first time; the RA scheme correctly identified the location of melt-refreeze crusts observed in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - DATA modeling
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - AZIMUTH
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - Assimilation
KW  - Azimuth
KW  - Data models
KW  - Grain size
KW  - Ice
KW  - melt–refreeze crusts
KW  - Predictive models
KW  - radiance
KW  - Snow
KW  - snowpack model (SM)
KW  - Temperature measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 63244402; Toure, Ally M. 1; Goita, Kalifa 2; Royer, Alain 2; Kim, Edward J. 1; Durand, Michael 3; Margulis, Steven A. 4; Lu, Huizhong 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Code 610.1, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada; 3: School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; 4: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Issue Info: Aug2011, Vol. 49 Issue 8, p2828; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: DATA modeling; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Azimuth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain size; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: melt–refreeze crusts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictive models; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow; Author-Supplied Keyword: snowpack model (SM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature measurement; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2118761
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Collin
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
T1  - Attentional Limits in Memory Retrieval--Revisite.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1083
EP  - 1098
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Carrier and Pashler (1995) concluded--based on locus-of-slack dual-task methodology--that memory. retrieval was subject to a central bottleneck. However, this conclusion conflicts with evidence from other lines of research suggesting that memory retrieval proceeds autonomously, in parallel with many other mental processes. In the present experiments we explored the possibility that Carrier and Pashler's conclusions were distorted by use of an experimental method unfavorable to parallel memory retrieval. New locus-of-slack experiments were performed that encouraged parallel memory retrieval strategies with instructions and feedback, along with the use of "preferred" stimulus-response modality mappings. Results from two psychological refractory period experiments showed that the effect of Task 2 recognition difficulty was consistently absorbed into cognitive slack, with both word and picture recognition. We conclude that the memory retrieval stage of recognition tasks can proceed in parallel with central operations of another task, at least under favorable conditions. Our new findings bring results from dual-task locus-of-slack methodology into agreement with other evidence that memory retrieval is not subject to severe, generic centra! resource limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - TASKS
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
KW  - attention
KW  - cognitive bottleneck
KW  - dual task
KW  - memory
KW  - psychological refractory period
N1  - Accession Number: 79433569; Green, Collin 1; Email Address: collin.b.green@nasa.gov; Johnston, James C. 1; Ruthruff, Eric 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 2: University of New Mexico; Issue Info: Aug2011, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p1083; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: cognitive bottleneck; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual task; Author-Supplied Keyword: memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: psychological refractory period; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/a0023095
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 108191416
T1  - Modulation of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity by aerobic exercise in breast cancer: current evidence and underlying mechanisms.
AU  - Scott JM
AU  - Khakoo A
AU  - Mackey JR
AU  - Haykowsky MJ
AU  - Douglas PS
AU  - Jones LW
AU  - Scott, Jessica M
AU  - Khakoo, Aarif
AU  - Mackey, John R
AU  - Haykowsky, Mark J
AU  - Douglas, Pamela S
AU  - Jones, Lee W
Y1  - 2011/08/02/
N1  - Accession Number: 108191416. Language: English. Entry Date: 20120323. Revision Date: 20161125. Publication Type: journal article; research; review. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Grant Information: CA125458/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 0147763. 
KW  - Antibiotics, Antineoplastic -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Breast Neoplasms -- Drug Therapy
KW  - Cardiotoxicity -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Doxorubicin -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Heart Diseases -- Chemically Induced
KW  - Heart Diseases -- Physiopathology
KW  - Heart Diseases -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Noxae -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Female
KW  - Medical Practice, Evidence-Based
SP  - 642
EP  - 650
JO  - Circulation
JF  - Circulation
JA  - CIRCULATION
VL  - 124
IS  - 5
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 0009-7322
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA
AD  - Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures, NASA Johnson Space Center, Universities Space Research Association, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058. jessica.m.scott@nasa.gov.
U2  - PMID: 21810673.
DO  - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.021774
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McEwen, Alfred S.
AU  - Ojha, Lujendra
AU  - Dundas, Colin M.
AU  - Mattson, Sarah S.
AU  - Byrne, Shane
AU  - Wray, James J.
AU  - Cull, Selby C.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Thomas, Nicolas
AU  - Gulick, Virginia C.
T1  - Seasonal Flows on Warm Martian Slopes.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/08/05/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6043
M3  - Article
SP  - 740
EP  - 743
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses research on recurring slope lineae (RSL), dark markings which appear on steep slopes and may indicate the presence of liquid brines near the surface of the planet Mars. Scientists used images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) to analyze the presence of RLS, which appear on warm equator-facing slopes near the angle of repose for cohesionless particles and lengthen during the spring and summer. Groundwater discharge could occur due to high permeability in rocks with large amount of pure water, geothermally heated water, or brines which have a depressed freezing point, which the article argues is most likely.
KW  - WATER
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Hydrogeology
KW  - Groundwater
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Planetary research
N1  - Accession Number: 65267741; McEwen, Alfred S. 1; Email Address: mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu; Ojha, Lujendra 1; Dundas, Colin M. 2; Mattson, Sarah S. 1; Byrne, Shane 1; Wray, James J. 3; Cull, Selby C. 4; Murchie, Scott L. 5; Thomas, Nicolas 6; Gulick, Virginia C. 7; Affiliations: 1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 3: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; 5: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 6: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 7: NASA Ames Research Center and SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 8/5/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6043, p740; Thesaurus Term: WATER; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogeology; Thesaurus Term: Groundwater; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Planetary research; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1204816
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=65267741&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
T1  - Microbiology: Hydrogen for dinner.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/08/11/
VL  - 476
IS  - 7359
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 155
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article focuses on the study by J. M. Petersen and colleagues related to microbiology, which revealed that mussels bathed in fluids rich in hydrogen thrive by supporting and harvesting an internal hydrogen-consuming bacteria population. It states that hydrogen is the first discovered chemical energy source for microbe-animal symbiosis. It adds that the work of Petersen and colleagues illustrates the technology-driven revolution that occurs in the biological sciences.
KW  - Mussels
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - POPULATION biology
KW  - Symbiosis
KW  - Life sciences
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Microbiological research
KW  - Petersen, J. M.
N1  - Accession Number: 64135192; Orphan, Victoria J. 1; Email Address: vorphan@gps.caltech.edu; Hoehler, Tori M. 2; Email Address: tori.m.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 8/11/2011, Vol. 476 Issue 7359, p154; Thesaurus Term: Mussels; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen; Thesaurus Term: POPULATION biology; Thesaurus Term: Symbiosis; Thesaurus Term: Life sciences; Subject Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Microbiological research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 114113 Salt water fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112512 Shellfish Farming; People: Petersen, J. M.; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/476154a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harrigan, D. L.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Simpson, I. J.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
T1  - Anthropogenic emissions during Arctas-A: mean transport characteristics and regional case studies.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/08/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 8677
EP  - 8701
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission during 2008 as a part of the International Polar Year (IPY). The purpose of ARCTAS was to study the factors responsible for changes in the Arctic's atmospheric composition and climate. A major emphasis was to investigate Arctic haze, which is most pronounced during winter and early spring. This study focuses on the spring phase of ARCTAS (ARCTAS-A) that was based in Alaska during April 2008. Although anthropogenic emissions historically have been associated with Arctic haze, biomass burning emissions dominated the ARCTAS-A period and have been the focus of many ARCTAS related studies. This study determines mean transport characteristics of anthropogenic emissions during ARCTAS-A. Trajectories are initiated each day from three significant regions of anthropogenic emissions (Asia, North America, and Europe). The fifteen day forward trajectories are calculated using data from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at 45 km horizontal resolution. The trajectory calculations indicate: origins of emissions that reach the Arctic (defined as north of 70° N) within fifteen days, pathways of these emissions, Arctic entry locations, and altitudes at which the trajectories enter the Arctic. Three cases during the ARCTAS-A period (one for each of the regions above) are examined using backward trajectories and chemical fingerprinting based on in situ data sampled from the NASA DC-8. The fingerprinting utilizes volatile organic compounds that represent pure anthropogenic tracers, Asian anthropogenic pollution, incomplete combustion, and natural gas emissions. We determine flight legs containing anthropogenic emissions and the pathways travelled by these emissions. Results show that the DC-8 sampled anthropogenic emissions from Asia, North America, and Europe during the spring phase of ARCTAS. The pathways travelled by these emissions agree with our derived transport characteristics and previous studies of Arctic transport. Meteorological analysis and trajectory calculations indicate that middle latitude cyclones and their associated warm conveyor belts play an important role in lofting the surface based emissions to their sampling altitude in all three cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - International Polar Year, 2007-2008
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 66508867; Harrigan, D. L. 1,2; Fuelberg, H. E. 1; Email Address: hfuelberg@fsu.edu; Simpson, I. J. 3; Blake, D. R. 3; Carmichael, G. R. 4; Diskin, G. S. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 3: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 4: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 16, p8677; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: International Polar Year, 2007-2008; Subject Term: Arctic regions ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-8677-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian, Feng
AU  - Kasting, J.F.
AU  - Zahnle, K.
T1  - Revisiting HCN formation in Earth's early atmosphere
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2011/08/15/
VL  - 308
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
EP  - 423
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Using a new photochemical model, the HCN chemistry in Earth''s early atmosphere is revisited. We find that HCN production in a CH4-rich early atmosphere could have been efficient, similar to the results of a previous study (Zahnle, 1986). For an assumed CH4 mixing ratio of 1000ppmv, HCN surface deposition increases from 2×109 cm−2 s−1 at fCO2 =3% to more than 1×1010 cm−2 s−1 (30Tg/yr) at fCO2 =0.3% and 1%. These conditions may well have applied throughout much of the Archean eon, 3.8–2.5Ga. Prior to the origin of life and the advent of methanogens, HCN production rates would likely have been at 1×107 cm−2 s−1 or lower, thereby providing a modest source of HCN for prebiotic synthesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Methyl groups
KW  - Surface chemistry
KW  - Mixing
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - ammonia
KW  - early earth
KW  - HCN
KW  - photochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 63189198; Tian, Feng 1,2; Email Address: feng.tian@colorado.edu; Kasting, J.F. 3; Zahnle, K. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China; 2: University of Colorado at Boulder, United States; 3: Penn State University, United States; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Issue Info: Aug2011, Vol. 308 Issue 3/4, p417; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Ammonia; Thesaurus Term: Methyl groups; Thesaurus Term: Surface chemistry; Subject Term: Mixing; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: ammonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: early earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: photochemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.06.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, K.
AU  - Dungan, J.L.
AU  - MacArthur, A.
T1  - On the reproducibility of field-measured reflectance factors in the context of vegetation studies
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/08/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1893
EP  - 1905
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes a study aimed at quantifying uncertainty in field measurements of vegetation canopy hemispherical conical reflectance factors (HCRF). The use of field spectroradiometers is common for this purpose, but the reliability of such measurements is still in question. In this paper we demonstrate the impact of various measurement uncertainties on vegetation canopy HCRF, using a combined laboratory and field experiment employing three spectroradiometers of the same broad specification (GER 1500). The results show that all three instruments performed similarly in the laboratory when a stable radiance source was measured (NEΔL<1mW m−2 sr−1 nm−1 in the range of 400–1000nm). In contrast, field-derived standard uncertainties (u =SD of 10 consecutive measurements of the same surface measured in ideal atmospheric conditions) significantly differed from the lab-based uncertainty characterisation for two targets: a control (75% Spectralon panel) and a cropped grassland surface. Results indicated that field measurements made by a single instrument of the vegetation surface were reproducible to within ±0.015 HCRF and of the control surface to within ±0.006 HCRF (400–1000nm (±1σ)). Field measurements made by all instruments of the vegetation surface were reproducible to within ±0.019 HCRF and of the control surface to within ±0.008 HCRF (400–1000nm (±1σ)). Statistical analysis revealed that even though the field conditions were carefully controlled and the absolute values of u were small, different instruments yielded significantly different reflectance values for the same target. The results also show that laboratory-derived uncertainty quantities do not present a useful means of quantifying all uncertainties in the field.The paper demonstrates a simple method for u characterisation, using internationally accepted terms, in field scenarios. This provides an experiment-specific measure of u that helps to put measurements in context and forms the basis for comparison with other studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plant canopies
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Grasslands
KW  - Radiation sources
KW  - Reflectance
KW  - Physics laboratories
KW  - Hemispherical photography
KW  - Quantitative research
KW  - Hemispherical Conical Reflectance Factors (HCRF)
KW  - Noise equivalent delta radiance
KW  - Standard uncertainty
KW  - Uncertainty propagation
KW  - Vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 60925331; Anderson, K. 1; Email Address: Karen.Anderson@exeter.ac.uk; Dungan, J.L. 2; Email Address: Jennifer.L.Dungan@nasa.gov; MacArthur, A. 3; Email Address: fsf@nerc.ac.uk; Affiliations: 1: University of Exeter, Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cornwall Campus, TR10 9EZ, UK; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000, USA; 3: NERC Field Spectroscopy Facility, University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, Scotland; Issue Info: Aug2011, Vol. 115 Issue 8, p1893; Thesaurus Term: Plant canopies; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Grasslands; Thesaurus Term: Radiation sources; Subject Term: Reflectance; Subject Term: Physics laboratories; Subject Term: Hemispherical photography; Subject Term: Quantitative research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hemispherical Conical Reflectance Factors (HCRF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise equivalent delta radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Standard uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=60925331&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yen, Judy Y.
AU  - Garamszegi, Sara
AU  - Geisbert, Joan B.
AU  - Rubins, Kathleen H.
AU  - Geisbert, Thomas W.
AU  - Honko, Anna
AU  - Xia, Yu
AU  - Connor, John H.
AU  - Hensley, Lisa E.
T1  - Therapeutics of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Whole-Genome Transcriptional Analysis of Successful Disease Mitigation.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2011/08/16/2011 Supplement 3
VL  - 204
M3  - Article
SP  - S1043
EP  - S1052
SN  - 00221899
AB  - The mechanisms of Ebola (EBOV) pathogenesis are only partially understood, but the dysregulation of normal host immune responses (including destruction of lymphocytes, increases in circulating cytokine levels, and development of coagulation abnormalities) is thought to play a major role. Accumulating evidence suggests that much of the observed pathology is not the direct result of virus-induced structural damage but rather is due to the release of soluble immune mediators from EBOV-infected cells. It is therefore essential to understand how the candidate therapeutic may be interrupting the disease process and/or targeting the infectious agent. To identify genetic signatures that are correlates of protection, we used a DNA microarray-based approach to compare the host genome-wide responses of EBOV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) responding to candidate therapeutics. We observed that, although the overall circulating immune response was similar in the presence and absence of coagulation inhibitors, surviving NHPs clustered together. Noticeable differences in coagulation-associated genes appeared to correlate with survival, which revealed a subset of distinctly differentially expressed genes, including chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8/MCP-2), that may provide possible targets for early-stage diagnostics or future therapeutics. These analyses will assist us in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of EBOV infection and in identifying improved therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Immune response
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Ebola virus disease -- Diagnosis
KW  - Viral genomes
KW  - Genetic regulation
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - Chemokines
N1  - Accession Number: 74614394; Yen, Judy Y. 1; Garamszegi, Sara 2; Geisbert, Joan B. 3; Rubins, Kathleen H. 4; Geisbert, Thomas W. 3; Honko, Anna 5; Xia, Yu 2,6,7; Connor, John H. 1,2; Email Address: jhconnor@bu.edu; Hensley, Lisa E. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118; 2: Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Massachusetts; 3: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas; 5: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland; 6: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts; 7: Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Massachusetts; Issue Info: 2011 Supplement 3, Vol. 204, pS1043; Thesaurus Term: Immune response; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Subject Term: Ebola virus disease -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: Viral genomes; Subject Term: Genetic regulation; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: Chemokines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/infdis/jir345
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nakamura, Tomoki
AU  - Noguchi, Takaaki
AU  - Tanaka, Masahiko
AU  - Zolensky, Michael E.
AU  - Kimura, Makoto
AU  - Tsuchiyama, Akira
AU  - Nakato, Aiko
AU  - Ogami, Toshihiro
AU  - Ishida, Hatsumi
AU  - Uesugi, Masayuki
AU  - Yada, Toru
AU  - Shirai, Kei
AU  - Fujimura, Akio
AU  - Okazaki, Ryuji
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Ishibashi, Yukihiro
AU  - Abe, Masanao
AU  - Okada, Tatsuaki
AU  - Ueno, Munetaka
AU  - Mukai, Toshifumi
T1  - Itokawa Dust Particles: A Direct Link Between S-Type Asteroids and Ordinary Chondrites.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/08/26/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6046
M3  - Article
SP  - 1113
EP  - 1116
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article presents research on the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of dust particles brought back from the 25143 Itokawa near-Earth asteroid by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Using synchrotron-radiation x-ray diffraction the authors of the study determined that dust from Itokawa was identical to that of chondritic meteors which have undergone thermal metamorphosis. This indicates that S-type asteroids are the origin of chondrites. Evidence of thermal annealing and impact shock on regolith particles is also examined. Diagrams of poorly equilibrated particles, mineral contents in olivine crystals, and chromite composition of particles are presented.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Regolith
KW  - Olivine
KW  - Chromite
KW  - Itokawa (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 65317667; Nakamura, Tomoki 1; Email Address: tomoki@m.tohoku.ac.jp; Noguchi, Takaaki 2; Tanaka, Masahiko 3; Zolensky, Michael E. 4; Kimura, Makoto 2; Tsuchiyama, Akira 5; Nakato, Aiko 1; Ogami, Toshihiro 1; Ishida, Hatsumi 1; Uesugi, Masayuki 6; Yada, Toru 6; Shirai, Kei 6; Fujimura, Akio 6; Okazaki, Ryuji 7; Sandford, Scott A. 8; Ishibashi, Yukihiro 6; Abe, Masanao 6; Okada, Tatsuaki 6; Ueno, Munetaka 6; Mukai, Toshifumi 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan; 2: College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan; 3: Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, National Institute for Materials Science, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan; 4: ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 5: Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan; 6: JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan; 7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812 8581, Japan; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 8/26/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6046, p1113; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Asteroids; Subject Term: Chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: Mineralogy; Subject Term: Regolith; Subject Term: Olivine; Subject Term: Chromite; Subject Term: Itokawa (Asteroid); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1207758
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tsuchiyama, Akira
AU  - Uesugi, Masayuki
AU  - Matsushima, Takashi
AU  - Michikami, Tatsuhiro
AU  - Kadono, Toshihiko
AU  - Nakamura, Tomoki
AU  - Uesugi, Kentaro
AU  - Nakano, Tsukasa
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Noguchi, Ryo
AU  - Matsumoto, Toru
AU  - Matsuno, Junya
AU  - Nagano, Takashi
AU  - Imai, Yuta
AU  - Takeuchi, Akihisa
AU  - Suzuki, Yoshio
AU  - Ogami, Toshihiro
AU  - Katagiri, Jun
AU  - Ebihara, Mitsuru
AU  - Ireland, Trevor R.
T1  - Three-Dimensional Structure of Hayabusa Samples: Origin and Evolution of Itokawa Regolith.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/08/26/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6046
M3  - Article
SP  - 1125
EP  - 1128
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article presents research on the structure and origin of regolith particles from the asteroid Itokawa which were collected by the Hayabusa spacecraft. The authors used microtomography to analyze the bulk density, three-dimensional (3D) textures, and modal abundances of minerals in the samples, determining that the particles are a mix of LL chondrite materials. Scientists also observed a small amount of in situ melting, indicating that they were formed by meteoroid impacts. Diagrams and graphs are presented which show slice images, size distribution, and external shapes of Itokawa particles.
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Regolith
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - Tomography
KW  - Meteoroids
KW  - Itokawa (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 65317671; Tsuchiyama, Akira 1; Email Address: akira@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp; Uesugi, Masayuki 2; Matsushima, Takashi 3; Michikami, Tatsuhiro 4; Kadono, Toshihiko 5; Nakamura, Tomoki 6; Uesugi, Kentaro 7; Nakano, Tsukasa 8; Sandford, Scott A. 9; Noguchi, Ryo 1; Matsumoto, Toru 1; Matsuno, Junya 1; Nagano, Takashi 1; Imai, Yuta 1; Takeuchi, Akihisa 7; Suzuki, Yoshio 7; Ogami, Toshihiro 6; Katagiri, Jun 3; Ebihara, Mitsuru 10; Ireland, Trevor R. 11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan; 2: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, 252-5210, Japan; 3: Department of Engineering Mechanics and Energy, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan; 4: Fukushima National College of Technology, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8034, Japan; 5: Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadagaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; 6: Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan; 7: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan; 8: Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan; 9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 10: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, 192-0397 Japan; 11: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Issue Info: 8/26/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6046, p1125; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Regolith; Subject Term: Asteroids; Subject Term: Chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: Tomography; Subject Term: Meteoroids; Subject Term: Itokawa (Asteroid); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1207807
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nagao, Keisuke
AU  - Okazaki, Ryuji
AU  - Nakamura, Tomoki
AU  - Miura, Yayoi N.
AU  - Osawa, Takahito
AU  - Bajo, Ken-ichi
AU  - Matsuda, Shintaro
AU  - Ebihara, Mitsuru
AU  - Ireland, Trevor R.
AU  - Kitajama, Fumio
AU  - Naraoka, Hiroshi
AU  - Noguchi, Takaaki
AU  - Tsuchiyama, Akira
AU  - Yurimoto, Hisayoshi
AU  - Zolensky, Michael E.
AU  - Uesugi, Masayuki
AU  - Shirai, Kei
AU  - Abe, Masanao
AU  - Yada, Toru
AU  - Ishibashi, Yukihiro
T1  - Irradiation History of Itokawa Regolith Material Deduced from Noble Gases in the Hayabusa Samples.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/08/26/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6046
M3  - Article
SP  - 1128
EP  - 1131
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Noble gas isotopes were measured in three rocky grains from asteroid Itokawa to elucidate a history of irradiation from cosmic rays and solar wind on its surface. Large amounts of solar helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) trapped in various depths in the grains were observed, which can be explained by multiple implantations of solar wind particles into the grains, combined with preferential He toss caused by frictional wear of space-weathered rims on the grains. Short residence time of less than 8 million years was implied for the grains by an estimate on cosmic-ray-produced 21Ne. Our results suggest that Itokawa is continuously losing its surface materials into space at a rate of tens of centimeters per million years. The lifetime of Itokawa should be much shorter than the age of our solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Irradiation
KW  - Noble gases
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Solar wind
KW  - Cosmochronology
KW  - Solar system -- Age
KW  - Itokawa (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 65317672; Nagao, Keisuke 1; Email Address: nagao@eqchem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Okazaki, Ryuji 2; Nakamura, Tomoki 3; Miura, Yayoi N. 4; Osawa, Takahito 5; Bajo, Ken-ichi 1; Matsuda, Shintaro 1; Ebihara, Mitsuru 6; Ireland, Trevor R. 7; Kitajama, Fumio 2; Naraoka, Hiroshi 2; Noguchi, Takaaki 8; Tsuchiyama, Akira 9; Yurimoto, Hisayoshi 10; Zolensky, Michael E. 11; Uesugi, Masayuki 12; Shirai, Kei 12; Abe, Masanao 12; Yada, Toru 12; Ishibashi, Yukihiro 12; Affiliations: 1: GeochemicaI Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan; 4: Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; 5: Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, Japan; 6: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan; 7: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; 8: The College of Science at Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan; 9: Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan; 10: Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan; 11: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; 12: Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences (ISAS) of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan; Issue Info: 8/26/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6046, p1128; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Asteroids; Subject Term: Irradiation; Subject Term: Noble gases; Subject Term: Cosmic rays; Subject Term: Solar wind; Subject Term: Cosmochronology; Subject Term: Solar system -- Age; Subject Term: Itokawa (Asteroid); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1207785
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, Naresh
AU  - Chu, Allen D.
AU  - Foster, Andrew D.
AU  - Peters, Thomas
AU  - Willis, Robert
T1  - Satellite Remote Sensing for Developing Time and Space Resolved Estimates of Ambient Particulate in Cleveland, OH.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1090
EP  - 1108
SN  - 02786826
AB  - This article empirically demonstrates the use of fine resolution satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) to develop time and space resolved estimates of ambient particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameters (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively). AOD was computed at three different spatial resolutions, i.e., 2 km (means 2 km × 2 km area at nadir), 5 km, and 10 km, by using the data from MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Multiresolution AOD from MODIS (AODMODIS) was compared with the in situ measurements of AOD by NASA's AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sunphotometer (AODAERONET) at Bondville, IL, to demonstrate the advantages of the fine resolution AODMODIS over the 10-km AODMODIS, especially for air quality prediction. An instrumental regression that corrects AODMODIS for meteorological conditions was used for developing a PM predictive model. The 2-km AODMODIS aggregated within 0.025° and 15-min intervals shows the best association with the in situ measurements of AODAERONET. The 2-km AODMODIS seems more promising to estimate time and space resolved estimates of ambient PM than the 10-km AODMODIS, because of better location precision and a significantly greater number of data points across geographic space and time. Utilizing the collocated AODMODIS and PM data in Cleveland, OH, a regression model was developed for predicting PM for all AODMODIS data points. Our analysis suggests that the slope of the 2-km AODMODIS (instrumented on meteorological conditions) is close to unity with the PM monitored on the ground. These results should be interpreted with caution, because the slope of AODMODIS ranges from 0.52 to 1.72 in the site-specific models. In the cross validation of the overall model, the root mean square error (RMSE) of PM10 was smaller (2.04 μg/m3 in overall model) than that of PM2.5 (2.5 μg/m3). The predicted PM in the AODMODIS data (∼2.34 million data points) was utilized to develop a systematic grid of daily PM at 5-km spatial resolution with the aid of spatiotemporal Kriging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - High resolution imaging
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Cleveland (Ohio)
KW  - Ohio
N1  - Accession Number: 60507772; Kumar, Naresh 1; Chu, Allen D. 2; Foster, Andrew D. 3; Peters, Thomas 4; Willis, Robert 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Washington, District of Columbia, USA; 3: Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA; 4: Department of Occupation and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; 5: Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Issue Info: Sep2011, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p1090; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Aerodynamics; Subject Term: High resolution imaging; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject: Cleveland (Ohio); Subject: Ohio; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 9 Charts, 4 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2011.581256
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevens, R. G.
AU  - Pierce, J. R.
AU  - Brock, C. A.
AU  - Reed, M. K.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Holloway, J. S.
AU  - Ryerson, T. B.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
T1  - Nucleation and growth of sulfate aerosol in coal-fired power plant plumes: sensitivity to background aerosol and meteorology.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 24765
EP  - 24812
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - New-particle formation in the plumes of coal-fired power plants and other anthropogenic sulfur sources may be an important source of particles in the atmosphere. It remains unclear, however, how best to reproduce this formation in global and regional aerosol models with grid-box lengths that are 10 s of kilometers and larger. The predictive power of these models is thus limited by the resultant uncertainties in aerosol size distributions. In this paper, we focus on sub-grid sulfate aerosol processes within coal-fired power plant plumes: the sub-grid oxidation of SO2 with condensation of H2SO4 onto newly-formed and pre-existing particles. We have developed a modeling framework with aerosol microphysics in the System for Atmospheric Modelling (SAM), a Large-Eddy Simulation/Cloud-Resolving Model (LES/CRM). The model is evaluated against aircraft observations of new-particle formation in two different power-plant plumes and reproduces the major features of the observations. We show how the downwind plume aerosols can be greatly modified by both meteorological and background aerosol conditions. In general, new-particle formation and growth is greatly reduced during polluted conditions due to the large pre-existing aerosol surface area for H2SO4 condensation and particle coagulation. The new-particle formation and growth rates are also a strong function of the amount of sunlight and NOx since both control OH concentrations. The results of this study highlight the importance for improved sub-grid particle formation schemes in regional and global aerosol models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Coal-fired power plants
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 70400073; Stevens, R. G. 1; Email Address: robin.stevens@dal.ca; Pierce, J. R. 1; Brock, C. A. 2; Reed, M. K. 3; Crawford, J. H. 4; Holloway, J. S. 2; Ryerson, T. B. 2; Huey, L. G. 5; Nowak, J. B. 2,6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; 2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 6: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p24765; Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Coal-fired power plants; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-24765-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, E. E.
T1  - Further analyses of the decadal-scale responses and trends in middle and upper stratospheric ozone from SAGE II and HALOE.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 25011
EP  - 25036
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) Version 6.2 ozone profiles are analyzed for their decadal-scale responses and linear trends in the middle and upper stratosphere from 1984 through 1998. The results are compared with those of SAGE II and of the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) for 1991-2005, reported previously by Remsberg and Lingenfelser (2010). The regression model fit to the data includes a periodic 11-term, and it is in-phase with that of the 11-yr solar uv-flux throughout most of the latitude/altitude domain of the middle and upper stratosphere. Max minus min responses for the upper stratosphere are of order 2% from the HALOE time series that are in terms of mixing ratio versus pressure. Max minus min responses are of order 4% from SAGE II in terms of number density versus altitude and for both 1984-1998 and 1991-2005, even though the concurrent linear trend term coefficients are much different for the two time spans. However, the analyzed 11-yr response from the SAGE II data of 1984-1998 lags that of the uv-flux by 1 to 2 yr in the tropical middle stratosphere, most likely due to the effects of ENSO forcings that are not represented in the regression models. The linear ozone trends in the upper stratosphere for 1991 to 2005 are of the order of -2 to -3%/decade from SAGE II and 0 to -1%/decade from HALOE. Those differences in the ozone trends must be principally due to the associated temperature trends for the analyzed data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Halogens
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Experiments
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Temperature effect
KW  - Regression analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 70400079; Remsberg, E. E. 1; Email Address: ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p25011; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Halogens; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Experiments; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Temperature effect; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-25011-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, S.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Salawitch, R. J.
AU  - Canty, T.
AU  - Joiner, J.
AU  - Zeng, T.
AU  - Kurosu, T. P.
AU  - Chance, K.
AU  - Richter, A.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Neuman, J. A.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Ryerson, T. B.
AU  - Da Silva, A.
AU  - Curry, J.
AU  - Kinnison, D.
T1  - Analysis of satellite-derived Arctic tropospheric BrO columns in conjunction with aircraft measurements during ARCTAS and ARCPAC.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 26173
EP  - 26243
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We derive estimates of tropospheric BrO column amounts during two Arctic field campaigns in 2008 using information from the satellite UV nadir sensors Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the second Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME-2) as well as estimates of stratospheric BrO columns from a model simulation. The sensitivity of the satellite-derived tropospheric BrO columns to various parameters is investigated using a radiative transfer model. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO columns including a detailed comparison with aircraft in-situ observations of BrO and related species obtained during the field campaigns. In contrast to prior expectation, tropospheric BrO, when present, existed over a broad range of altitudes. Our results show reasonable agreement between tropospheric BrO columns derived from the satellite observations and columns found using aircraft in-situ BrO. After accounting for the stratospheric contribution to total BrO column, several events of rapid BrO activation due to surface processes in the Arctic are apparent in both the OMI and GOME-2 based tropospheric columns. The wide orbital swath of OMI allows examination of the evolution of tropospheric BrO on about hourly time intervals near the pole. Low pressure systems, strong surface winds, and high planetary boundary layer heights are associated with the observed tropospheric BrO activation events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Chemical detectors
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 70400110; Choi, S. 1; Email Address: sungyeon.choi@eas.gatech.edu; Wang, Y. 1; Salawitch, R. J. 2; Canty, T. 2; Joiner, J. 3; Zeng, T. 1; Kurosu, T. P. 4,5; Chance, K. 4; Richter, A. 6; Huey, L. G. 1; Liao, J. 1; Neuman, J. A. 7,8; Nowak, J. B. 7,8; Dibb, J. E. 9; Weinheimer, A. J. 10; Diskin, G. 11; Ryerson, T. B. 8; Da Silva, A. 3; Curry, J. 1; Kinnison, D. 10; Affiliations: 1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA; 6: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 7: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 9: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p26173; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Chemical detectors; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 71p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-26173-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, H. -W.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Heath, C. M.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
AU  - Winstead, E. L.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Tacina, K. M.
AU  - Ross, R. C.
AU  - Albo, S. E.
AU  - Bulzan, D. L.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Miake-Lye, R. C.
T1  - Laboratory and modeling studies on the effects of water and soot emissions and ambient conditions on the formation of contrail ice particles in the jet regime.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 26791
EP  - 26813
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Contrails and contrail-induced cirrus clouds are identified as the most uncertain components in determining aviation impacts on global climate change. Parameters affecting contrail ice particle formation immediately after engine exit plane (<5s in plume age) may be critical to ice particle properties used in large scale models predicting contrail radiative forcing. Despite this, detailed understanding of these parametric effects is still limited. In this paper, we present results from recent laboratory and modeling studies conducted to investigate the effects of water and soot emissions and ambient conditions on the near-field formation of contrail ice particles. The Particle Aerosol Laboratory (PAL) at the NASA Glenn Research Center and the Aerodyne microphysical parcel model for contrail ice particle formation were employed. Our studies show that exhaust water concentrations have a significant impact on contrail ice particle formation. When soot was introduced, ice particle formation was observed only when exhaust water concentration was above a critical level. When no soot or sulfuric acid was introduced, homogeneous ice particle formation was unfavorable. Soot particles were found to compete for water vapor condensation, and higher soot concentrations emitted into the chamber resulted in smaller ice particles being formed. Chamber conditions corresponding to higher altitude standard day conditions were found to favor ice particle formation as expected. The microphysical model captures experimental trends well, but discrepancies between the model and the experiments exist as the model predicts narrower ice particle size distributions and ice particle sizes nearly a factor of two larger than measured. These discrepancies are likely due to the lack of treatment of turbulent mixing in the model and particle loss and scatter during the experimental sampling process. Future measurement activities are planned to investigate other important parameters, such as soot surface properties and sulfuric acid concentrations, using the PAL and microphysical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soot
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 70400122; Wong, H. -W. 1; Email Address: hwwong@aerodyne.com; Beyersdorf, A. J. 2; Heath, C. M. 3; Ziemba, L. D. 2; Winstead, E. L. 2; Thornhill, K. L. 2; Tacina, K. M. 3; Ross, R. C. 3; Albo, S. E. 1; Bulzan, D. L. 3; Anderson, B. E. 2; Miake-Lye, R. C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Aero-Thermodynamics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; 2: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Combustion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p26791; Thesaurus Term: Soot; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-26791-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Scheuer, E.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Stickel, R. E.
AU  - Tanner, D. J.
AU  - Neuman, J. A.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
AU  - Choi, S.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Salawitch, R. J.
AU  - Canty, T.
AU  - Chance, K.
AU  - Kurosu, T.
AU  - Suleiman, R.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Brune, W.
AU  - Anderson, B.
T1  - Characterization of soluble bromide measurements and a case study of BrO observations during ARCTAS.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 26999
EP  - 27030
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - A focus of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was examination of bromine photochemistry in the spring time, high latitude troposphere based on aircraft and satellite measurements of BrO and related species. The NASA DC-8 aircraft utilized a chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) instrument to measure BrO and a mist chamber (MC) to measure soluble bromide. We have determined that the MC detection efficiency to molecular bromine (Br2), hypobromous acid (HOBr), bromine oxide (BrO), and hydrogen bromide (HBr) as soluble bromide (Br-) was 0.9 ± 0.1, 1.06 ± 0.30, 0.4 ± 0.1, and 0.95 ± 0.1, respectively. These efficiency factors were used to estimate soluble bromide levels along the DC-8 flight track of 17 April 2008 from photochemical calculations constrained to in situ BrO measured by CIMS. During this flight, the highest levels of soluble bromide and BrO were observed and atmospheric conditions were ideal for the space-borne observation of BrO. The good agreement (R² = 0.76; slope = 0.98; intercept = -3.5 pptv) between modeled and observed soluble bromide, when BrO was above detection limit (>2 pptv) under unpolluted conditions (NO < 100 pptv), indicates that the CIMS BrO measurements were consistent with the MC soluble bromide. Tropospheric BrO vertical column densities (BRODue to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed) derived from CIMS BrO observations compare well with BRODue to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed from OMI on 17 April 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Bromine oxides
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Chemical ionization mass spectrometry
KW  - Case studies
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 70400128; Liao, J. 1; Huey, L. G. 1; Email Address: greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; Scheuer, E. 2; Dibb, J. E. 2; Stickel, R. E. 1; Tanner, D. J. 1; Neuman, J. A. 3,4; Nowak, J. B. 3,4; Choi, S. 1; Wang, Y. 1; Salawitch, R. J. 5,6,7; Canty, T. 5; Chance, K. 8; Kurosu, T. 8; Suleiman, R. 8; Weinheimer, A. J. 9; Shetter, R. E. 9; Fried, A. 9; Brune, W. 10; Anderson, B. 11; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 6: Deptartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 7: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 9: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 10: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p26999; Thesaurus Term: Tropospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Subject Term: Bromine oxides; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Chemical ionization mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Case studies; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-26999-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Silverman, Morgan L.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Creilson, John K.
T1  - A study of regional-scale variability of in situ and model-generated tropospheric trace gases: Insights into observational requirements for a satellite in geostationary orbit
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 45
IS  - 27
M3  - Article
SP  - 4682
EP  - 4694
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: We examine the results from a regional-scale chemical-transport model with 4-km resolution to determine the spatial variability of trace gases on this scale. Model-derived variability statistics are generated using 1st-order structure functions and then compared with in situ trace gas measurements from a series of aircraft campaigns. The variability of the observations and the model-derived concentrations are found to be in reasonable agreement for O3 and CO, but the model underestimates the observed variability of NO2. Variability statistics are then calculated for model-derived tropospheric column integrals. These integrals are calculated for 0–10 km (representative of the entire tropospheric column), 0–2 km (representative of the planetary boundary layer, PBL) and 2–10 km (representative of the free troposphere, FT). For each of the species examined, the variability of the tropospheric column is generally controlled by the variability in the lowest 2 km. The degree of control for each trace gas, however, is different. Whereas NO2 is completely dominated by PBL processes, CO variability in the FT contributes appreciably to the variability of the entire tropospheric column, suggesting that two independent pieces of information for CO would be most helpful for describing the variability of the entire tropospheric column. Likewise, the variability of an independent free tropospheric measurement of O3 would provide additional insight into the observed variability of the entire column, but the amount of additional information provided by a separate FT measurement is not as beneficial to what was found for CO. We provide additional analyses to quantify relationships that can be used to better understand the model-derived structure functions and their dependence on grid size and time of day. Lastly we present a practical example of how this information may be used for guidance in the development of science requirements for future satellite instruments since measurements from these instruments must be able to resolve smaller scale gradients to be used successfully for air quality applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Orbits of artificial satellites
KW  - Regional modeling
KW  - Trace gas variability
KW  - Tropospheric trace gas satellite measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 63223604; Fishman, Jack 1; Email Address: jfishma2@slu.edu; Silverman, Morgan L. 1,2; Crawford, James H. 1; Creilson, John K. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Issue Info: Sep2011, Vol. 45 Issue 27, p4682; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Orbits of artificial satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trace gas variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric trace gas satellite measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McFarquhar, Greg
AU  - Schmid, Beat
AU  - Korolev, Alexei
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Russell, Philip B.
AU  - Tomlinson, Jason
AU  - Turner, David D.
AU  - Wiscombe, Warren
T1  - Airborne Intrumentation Needs for Climate and Atmospheric Research.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 92
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1193
EP  - 1196
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - No Abstract available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Government agencies -- United States -- Congresses
KW  - Forums (Discussion & debate)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Acquisition of data
KW  - United States
KW  - National Science Foundation (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 66867314; McFarquhar, Greg 1; Schmid, Beat 2; Korolev, Alexei 3; Ogren, John A. 4; Russell, Philip B. 5; Tomlinson, Jason 2; Turner, David D. 6; Wiscombe, Warren 7; Affiliations: 1: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; 2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 3: Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 4: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 6: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Issue Info: Sep2011, Vol. 92 Issue 9, p1193; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Subject Term: Government agencies -- United States -- Congresses; Subject Term: Forums (Discussion & debate); Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Acquisition of data; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: National Science Foundation (U.S.); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2011BAMS3180.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, James
AU  - Johnson, J. T.
AU  - Majurec, Ninoslav
AU  - Niamsuwan, Noppasin
AU  - Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Mohammed, Priscilla N.
AU  - Ruf, Christopher S.
AU  - Misra, Sidharth
AU  - Yueh, Simon H.
AU  - Dinardo, Steve J.
T1  - Airborne L-Band Radio Frequency Interference Observations From the SMAPVEX08 Campaign and Associated Flights.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3359
EP  - 3370
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Statistics of radio frequency interference (RFI) observed in the band 1398–1422 MHz during an airborne campaign in the United States are reported for use in analysis and forecasting of L-band RFI for microwave radiometry. The observations were conducted from September to October 2008, and included approximately 92 h of flight time, of which approximately 20 h of “transit” or dedicated RFI observing flights are used in compiling the statistics presented. The observations used include outbound and return flights from Colorado to Maryland, as well as RFI surveys over large cities. The Passive Active L-Band Sensor (PALS) radiometer of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory augmented by three dedicated RFI observing systems was used in these observations. The complete system as well as the associated RFI characterization approaches are described, along with the resulting RFI statistical information and examinations of specific RFI sources. The results show that RFI in the protected L-band spectrum is common over North America, although the resulting interference when extrapolated to satellite observations will appear as “low-level” corruption that will be difficult to detect for traditional radiometer systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - OPTICAL interference
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Antenna measurements
KW  - Bandwidth
KW  - Brightness
KW  - Calibration
KW  - L-band
KW  - Microwave radiometry
KW  - radio frequency interference
KW  - Radiometry
KW  - Soil moisture
N1  - Accession Number: 65089091; Park, James 1; Johnson, J. T. 1; Majurec, Ninoslav 1; Niamsuwan, Noppasin 2; Piepmeier, Jeffrey R. 3; Mohammed, Priscilla N. 4; Ruf, Christopher S. 5; Misra, Sidharth 5; Yueh, Simon H. 6; Dinardo, Steve J. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, USA; 2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU) , Columbus, OH, USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, (GSFC) , Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2011, Vol. 49 Issue 9, p3359; Thesaurus Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: OPTICAL interference; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bandwidth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brightness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: L-band; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio frequency interference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2107560
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=65089091&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bolton, Matthew L.
AU  - Siminiceanu, Radu I.
AU  - Bass, Ellen J.
T1  - A Systematic Approach to Model Checking Human–Automation Interaction Using Task Analytic Models.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 961
EP  - 976
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Formal methods are typically used in the analysis of complex system components that can be described as “automated” (digital circuits, devices, protocols, and software). Human–automation interaction has been linked to system failure, where problems stem from human operators interacting with an automated system via its controls and information displays. As part of the process of designing and analyzing human–automation interaction, human factors engineers use task analytic models to capture the descriptive and normative human operator behavior. In order to support the integration of task analyses into the formal verification of larger system models, we have developed the enhanced operator function model (EOFM) as an Extensible Markup Language-based, platform- and analysis-independent language for describing task analytic models. We present the formal syntax and semantics of the EOFM and an automated process for translating an instantiated EOFM into the model checking language Symbolic Analysis Laboratory. We present an evaluation of the scalability of the translation algorithm. We then present an automobile cruise control example to illustrate how an instantiated EOFM can be integrated into a larger system model that includes environmental features and the human operator's mission. The system model is verified using model checking in order to analyze a potentially hazardous situation related to the human–automation interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - XML (Document markup language)
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - COMPLEXITY (Philosophy)
KW  - DIGITAL electronics
KW  - FORMAL methods (Computer science)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Analytical models
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Formal methods
KW  - human–automation interaction
KW  - Humans
KW  - model checking
KW  - Object oriented modeling
KW  - Syntactics
KW  - task analysis
KW  - Visualization
KW  - XML
N1  - Accession Number: 64470297; Bolton, Matthew L. 1; Siminiceanu, Radu I. 2; Bass, Ellen J. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, San Jose State University Research Foundation, Moffet Field, CA, USA; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2011, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p961; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATION; Thesaurus Term: XML (Document markup language); Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: COMPLEXITY (Philosophy); Subject Term: DIGITAL electronics; Subject Term: FORMAL methods (Computer science); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analytical models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formal methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: human–automation interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Humans; Author-Supplied Keyword: model checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Object oriented modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Syntactics; Author-Supplied Keyword: task analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: XML; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2011.2109709
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=64470297&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SIMONS, RAINEE N.
AU  - WINTUCKY, EDWIN G.
AU  - FREEMAN, JON C.
AU  - CHEVALIER, CHRISTINE T.
T1  - HIGH EFFICIENCY KA-BAND MMIC SSPA POWER COMBINER FOR NASA'S SPACE COMMUNICATIONS.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 405
EP  - 415
SN  - 01291564
AB  - In this paper, we will review the design, construction and performance of the two-way Ka-band waveguide branch-line and asymmetric magic-T based unequal power combiners. The manufactured combiners were designed to combine input signals that are equal in phase and with an amplitude ratio of two. Next, the design, construction and performance of a three-way branch-line unequal power combiner, achieved by serially interconnecting two 2-way branch-line hybrids and optimizing the dimensions using software tools, is presented. The application of the two-way and three-way combiners for combining the output from two or three MMIC PAs was demonstrated. The observed efficiencies for all three power combining configurations are 90 percent or greater at Ka-band (31.8 to 32.3 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - MICROWAVE communication systems
KW  - POWER amplifiers
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - MAGNETIC couplings
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - microwave communications
KW  - MMIC power amplifiers
KW  - SSPA power combining
KW  - waveguide couplers
N1  - Accession Number: 76609241; SIMONS, RAINEE N. 1; Email Address: Rainee.N.Simons@nasa.gov; WINTUCKY, EDWIN G. 1; FREEMAN, JON C. 1; CHEVALIER, CHRISTINE T. 2; Email Address: christine.t.chevalier@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States of America; 2: QinetiQ North America Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States of America; Issue Info: Sep2011, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p405; Thesaurus Term: ENERGY consumption; Thesaurus Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: MICROWAVE communication systems; Subject Term: POWER amplifiers; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: MAGNETIC couplings; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: MMIC power amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: SSPA power combining; Author-Supplied Keyword: waveguide couplers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caruso, Tancredi
AU  - Chan, Yuki
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C
AU  - Lau, Maggie C Y
AU  - McKay, Christopher P
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B
T1  - Stochastic and deterministic processes interact in the assembly of desert microbial communities on a global scale.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1406
EP  - 1413
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Extreme arid regions in the worlds' major deserts are typified by quartz pavement terrain. Cryptic hypolithic communities colonize the ventral surface of quartz rocks and this habitat is characterized by a relative lack of environmental and trophic complexity. Combined with readily identifiable major environmental stressors this provides a tractable model system for determining the relative role of stochastic and deterministic drivers in community assembly. Through analyzing an original, worldwide data set of 16S rRNA-gene defined bacterial communities from the most extreme deserts on the Earth, we show that functional assemblages within the communities were subject to different assembly influences. Null models applied to the photosynthetic assemblage revealed that stochastic processes exerted most effect on the assemblage, although the level of community dissimilarity varied between continents in a manner not always consistent with neutral models. The heterotrophic assemblages displayed signatures of niche processes across four continents, whereas in other cases they conformed to neutral predictions. Importantly, for continents where neutrality was either rejected or accepted, assembly drivers differed between the two functional groups. This study demonstrates that multi-trophic microbial systems may not be fully described by a single set of niche or neutral assembly rules and that stochasticity is likely a major determinant of such systems, with significant variation in the influence of these determinants on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extreme environments -- Microbiology
KW  - Desert ecology
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - RNA
KW  - Bacterial genetics
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Stochastic processes
KW  - Quartz
N1  - Accession Number: 64671632; Caruso, Tancredi 1; Chan, Yuki 2; Lacap, Donnabella C 2; Lau, Maggie C Y 2; McKay, Christopher P 3; Pointing, Stephen B 2; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; 2: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, Mountain View, CA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2011, Vol. 5 Issue 9, p1406; Thesaurus Term: Extreme environments -- Microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Desert ecology; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: RNA; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial genetics; Thesaurus Term: Habitat (Ecology); Subject Term: Stochastic processes; Subject Term: Quartz; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2011.21
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=64671632&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vargas, Mario
AU  - Feo, Alex
T1  - Deformation and Breakup of Water Droplets near an Airfoil Leading Edge.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1749
EP  - 1765
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This work presents the results of an experimental study on droplet deformation and breakup near the leading edge of an airfoil. The experiment was conducted in the rotating rig test cell at the National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA) in Madrid, Spain. An airfoil model placed at the end of the rotating arm was moved at speeds of 50 to 90 m/s. A monosized droplet generator was employed to produce droplets that were allowed to fall from above, perpendicular to the path of the airfoil at a given location. High-speed imaging was employed to observe the interaction between the droplets and the airfoil. The high-speed imaging allowed observation of droplet deformation and breakup as the droplet approached the airfoil near the stagnation line. A tracking software program was used to measure, from the high-speed movies, the horizontal and vertical displacement of the droplet against time. The velocity, acceleration, Weber number, Bond number, Reynolds number, and drag coefficients were calculated along the path of a given droplet from the beginning of the deformation to the breakup and/or hitting of the airfoil. Results are presented for droplets with a diameter of 490 p.m at airfoil speeds of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 m/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATION potential
KW  - POTENTIAL barrier
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 67276298; Source Information: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p1749; Subject Term: DEFORMATION potential; Subject Term: POTENTIAL barrier; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 17p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031363
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=67276298&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berton, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Guynn, Mark D.
T1  - Multi-Objective Optimization of a Turbofan for an Advanced, Single-Aisle Transport.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1805
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Considerable interest surrounds the design of the next generation of single-aisle commercial transports in the Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 class. Aircraft designers will depend on advanced, next-generation turbofan engines to power these airplanes. The focus of this study is to apply single- and multi-objective optimization algorithms to the conceptual design of ultrahigh bypass turbofan engines for this class of aircraft, using NASA's Subsonic Fixed Wing Project metrics as multidisciplinary objectives for optimization. The independent design variables investigated include three continuous variables: sea level static thrust, wing reference area, and aerodynamic design point fan pressure ratio, and four discrete variables: overall pressure ratio, fan drive system architecture (i.e., direct- or gear-driven), bypass nozzle architecture (i.e., fixed- or variable geometry), and the high- and low-pressure compressor work split. Ramp weight, fuel burn, noise, and emissions are the parameters treated as dependent objective functions. These optimized solutions provide insight to the ultrahigh bypass engine design process and provide information to NASA program management to help guide its technology development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - AIRBUS A320 (Jet transport)
KW  - AIRBUS aircraft
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 67276302; Source Information: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p1795; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: AIRBUS A320 (Jet transport); Subject Term: AIRBUS aircraft; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031333
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=67276302&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Chachere, John Marvin1, john.chachere@gmail.com
AU  - Haymaker, John Riker2, johnrhaymaker@gmail.com
T1  - Framework for Measuring the Rationale Clarity of AEC Design Decisions.
JO  - Journal of Architectural Engineering
JF  - Journal of Architectural Engineering
J1  - Journal of Architectural Engineering
PY  - 2011/09//
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
CP  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 96
SN  - 10760431
AB  - Current architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) design processes often rely on precedent to resolve complex decisions. However, changes to stakeholder concerns, design methods, and building products devalue much of this precedent knowledge. Project teams need to clearly communicate their decision rationale to develop consensus about design decisions. This study reviews a broad range of relevant theory from decision-based design, decision analysis, decision theory, linguistics, logic, organization theory, and social welfare. Rationale is defined as a set of assertions regarding distinct components (i.e., managers, stakeholders, designers, gatekeepers, goals, constraints, alternatives, and analysis) that support design decisions. Conditions of clarity (i.e., coherent, concrete, connected, consistent, credible, certain, and correct) are also defined. These definitions are used to measure the clarity of assertions, components, and the rationale as a whole. Taken together, this rationale clarity framework (RCF) provides a structured view that enables an objective evaluation of design decision methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - Construction projects
KW  - Architecture
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 65302834; Authors: Chachere, John Marvin 1 Email Address: john.chachere@gmail.com; Haymaker, John Riker 2 Email Address: johnrhaymaker@gmail.com; Affiliations:  1: Consulting Assistant Professor, Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford Univ.; and Senior Computer Scientist, SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035;  2: AIA, LEED AP; Assistant Professor, Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford Univ., MC:4020 Stanford, CA 94305 (corresponding author); Subject: Decision making; Subject: Construction projects; Subject: Architecture; Subject: Engineering; Number of Pages: 11p; Record Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000036
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asu&AN=65302834&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Compher, Eric M.
AU  - Gupta, Mool C.
AU  - Wilson, William C.
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
T1  - Solar powered micrometeorite sensors using indoor ambient light for the International Space Station
JO  - Solar Energy
JF  - Solar Energy
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 85
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1899
EP  - 1905
SN  - 0038092X
AB  - Abstract: Sensors for detecting micrometeorite impact locations and magnitudes as well as pressure vessel leaks have been under investigation for some time by the NASA Langley Research Center and other related entities. NASA has been investigating the use of the Distribution Impact Detection System (DIDS) for use on the International Space Station (ISS). However, the DIDS currently requires thionyl chloride lithium batteries which pose explosion and toxicity hazards, and replacing batteries is tedious and utilizes scarce man-hours. Carrying replacement batteries into space is also expensive. To hardwire new sensing devices into the ISS while in orbit would be time consuming. To overcome this problem, high efficiency GaAs solar cells have been studied under low light conditions comparable to those found inside the ISS. The cells were also studied for temperature dependence. Solar concentrators were investigated for possible use with ambient lighting. The power generated by the cells was stored in a large 300F supercapacitor. A DC to DC boost regulator was modified to produce an output voltage of 3.55V that is required by the DIDS. The successful operation of the DIDS with ambient light power, supercapacitor energy storage, and boost regulation was demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Light
KW  - Photovoltaic power generation
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Solar concentrators
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Temperature effect
KW  - United States
KW  - Ambient light
KW  - Micrometeriote
KW  - Photovoltaics
KW  - Sensor
KW  - Solar cell
KW  - Space station
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 64852538; Compher, Eric M. 1; Gupta, Mool C. 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu; Wilson, William C. 2; Madaras, Eric I. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Issue Info: Sep2011, Vol. 85 Issue 9, p1899; Thesaurus Term: Light; Thesaurus Term: Photovoltaic power generation; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Solar concentrators; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Temperature effect; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ambient light; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micrometeriote; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space station ; Company/Entity: International Space Station ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solener.2011.04.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=64852538&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stutz, J.
AU  - Thomas, J. L.
AU  - Hurlock, S. C.
AU  - Schneider, M.
AU  - von Glasow, R.
AU  - Piot, M.
AU  - Gorham, K.
AU  - Burkhart, J. F.
AU  - Ziemba, L.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Lefer, B. L.
T1  - Longpath DOAS observations of surface BrO at Summit, Greenland.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/09/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 9899
EP  - 9910
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Reactive halogens, and in particular bromine oxide (BrO), have frequently been observed in regions with large halide reservoirs, for example during bromine catalyzed coastal polar ozone depletion events. Much less is known about the presence and impact of reactive halogens in areas without obvious halide reservoirs, such as the polar ice sheets or continental snow. We report the first LP-DOAS measurements of BrO at Summit research station in the center of the Greenland ice sheet at an altitude of 3200 m. BrO mixing ratios in May 2007 and June 2008 were typically between 1-3 pmol mol-1, with maxima of up to 3 pmol mol-1. These measurements unequivocally show that halogen chemistry is occurring in the remote Arctic, far from known bromine reservoirs, such as the ocean. During periods when FLEXPART retroplumes show that airmasses resided on the Greenland ice sheet for 3 or more days, BrO exhibits a clear diurnal variation, with peak mixing ratios of up to 3 pmol mol -1 in the morning and at night. The diurnal cycle of BrO can be explained by a changing boundary layer height combined with photochemical formation of reactive bromine driven by solar radiation at the snow surface. The shallow stable boundary layer in the morning and night leads to an accumulation of BrO at the surface, leading to elevated BrO despite the expected smaller release from the snowpack during these times of low solar radiation. During the day when photolytic formation of reactive bromine is expected to be highest, efficient mixing into a deeper neutral boundary layer leads to lower BrO mixing ratios than during mornings and nights. The extended period of contact with the Greenland snow-pack combined with the diurnal profile of BrO, modulated by boundary layer height, suggests that photochemistry in the snow is a significant source of BrO measured at Summit during the 2008 experiment. In addition, a rapid transport event on 4 July 2008, during which marine air from the Greenland east coast was rapidly transported to Summit, led to enhanced mixing ratios of BrO and a number of marine tracers. However, rapid transport of marine air from the Greenland east coast is rare and most likely not the main source of bromide in surface snow at Summit. The observed levels of BrO are predicted to influence NOx chemistry as well as impact HOx partitioning. However, impact of local snow photochemistry on HOx is smaller than previously suggested for Summit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Halogens
KW  - Surface chemistry
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Chemical reactions
KW  - Bromine oxides
KW  - Ionic liquids
N1  - Accession Number: 70397173; Stutz, J. 1; Email Address: jochen@atmos.ucla.edu; Thomas, J. L. 1; Hurlock, S. C. 1; Schneider, M. 1; von Glasow, R. 2; Piot, M. 3; Gorham, K. 4; Burkhart, J. F. 5; Ziemba, L. 6,7; Dibb, J. E. 6; Lefer, B. L. 8; Affiliations: 1: University of California, Los Angeles; Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 2: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; 3: EnBW Trading, Karlsruhe, Germany; 4: University of California Irvine; School of Physical Sciences, Irvine, USA; 5: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway; 6: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 8: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 18, p9899; Thesaurus Term: Halogens; Thesaurus Term: Surface chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Subject Term: Chemical reactions; Subject Term: Bromine oxides; Subject Term: Ionic liquids; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-9899-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zheng, X.
AU  - Albrecht, B.
AU  - Jonsson, H. H.
AU  - Khelif, D.
AU  - Feingold, G.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Ayers, K.
AU  - Chuang, P.
AU  - Donaher, S.
AU  - Rossiter, D.
AU  - Ghate, V.
AU  - Ruiz-Plancarte, J.
AU  - Sun-Mack, S.
T1  - Observations of the boundary layer, cloud, and aerosol variability in the southeast Pacific near-coastal marine stratocumulus during VOCALS-REx.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/09/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 9943
EP  - 9959
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Aircraft observations made off the coast of northern Chile in the Southeastern Pacific (20° S, 72° W; named Point Alpha) from 16 October to 13 November 2008 during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud- Atmosphere-Land Study-Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), combined with meteorological reanalysis, satellite measurements, and radiosonde data, are used to investigate the boundary layer (BL) and aerosol-cloud-drizzle variations in this region. On days without predominately synoptic and meso-scale influences, the BL at Point Alpha was typical of a non-drizzling stratocumulus-topped BL. Entrainment rates calculated from the near cloud-top fluxes and turbulence in the BL at Point Alpha appeared to be weaker than those in the BL over the open ocean west of Point Alpha and the BL near the coast of the northeast Pacific. The cloud liquid water path (LWP) varied between 15 gm-2 and 160 gm-2. The BL had a depth of 1140 ± 120 m, was generally well-mixed and capped by a sharp inversion without predominately synoptic and mesoscale influences. The wind direction generally switched from southerly within the BL to northerly above the inversion. On days when a synoptic system and related mesoscale costal circulations affected conditions at Point Alpha (29 October- 4 November), a moist layer above the inversion moved over Point Alpha, and the total-water mixing ratio above the inversion was larger than that within the BL. The accumulation mode aerosol varied from 250 to 700 cm-3 within the BL, and CCN at 0.2% supersaturation within the BL ranged between 150 and 550 cm-3. The main aerosol source at Point Alpha was horizontal advection within the BL from south. The average cloud droplet number concentration ranged between 80 and 400 cm-3. While the mean LWP retrieved from GOES was in good agreement with the in situ measurements, the GOES-derived cloud droplet effective radius tended to be larger than that from the aircraft in situ observations near cloud top. The aerosol and cloud LWP relationship reveals that during the typical well-mixed BL days the cloud LWP increased with the CCN concentrations. On the other hand, meteorological factors and the decoupling processes have large influences on the cloud LWP variation as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Cloud droplets
KW  - Atmospheric turbulence
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Boundary layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Chile
KW  - Pacific Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 70397177; Zheng, X. 1; Email Address: xzheng@rsmas.miami.edu; Albrecht, B. 1; Jonsson, H. H. 2; Khelif, D. 3; Feingold, G. 4; Minnis, P. 5; Ayers, K. 5; Chuang, P. 6; Donaher, S. 1; Rossiter, D. 6; Ghate, V. 7; Ruiz-Plancarte, J. 3; Sun-Mack, S. 8; Affiliations: 1: Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 2: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA; 3: University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 4: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; 6: University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; 7: Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 18, p9943; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Cloud droplets; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric turbulence; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject: Chile; Subject: Pacific Ocean; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-9943-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nagel, Maria A.
AU  - Choe, Alexander
AU  - Cohrs^1, Randall J.
AU  - Traktinskiy, Igor
AU  - Sorensen, Kyle
AU  - Mehta, Satish K.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Tyring, Stephen K.
AU  - Haitz, Kassie
AU  - DiGiorgio, Catherine
AU  - LaPolla, Whitney
AU  - Gilden, Don
T1  - Persistence of Varicella Zoster Virus DNA in Saliva After Herpes Zoster.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2011/09/15/
VL  - 204
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 820
EP  - 824
SN  - 00221899
AB  - Analysis of saliva samples from individuals aged ≥60 years who had a history of zoster (group 1), zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN; group 2), or no history of zoster (group 3) revealed varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA in saliva samples from 11 of 17 individuals in group 1, 10 of 15 individuals in group 2, and 2 of 17 individuals in group 3. The frequency of VZV DNA detection was significantly higher (P = .001) in saliva of subjects with a history of zoster, with or without PHN (21 [67%] of 32 subjects in groups 1 and 2), than in saliva of age-matched subjects with no zoster history (2 [12%] of 17 subjects in group 3). Thus, persistence of VZV DNA in saliva is the outcome of zoster, independent of PHN. Because VZV infection can produce neurological and ocular disease without zoster rash, future studies are needed to establish whether VZV DNA can be detected in the saliva of such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Varicella-zoster virus
KW  - Saliva -- Analysis
KW  - Neuralgia
KW  - Genes
KW  - Dna & Body Evidence (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 73743136; Nagel, Maria A. 1; Choe, Alexander 1; Cohrs^1, Randall J.; Traktinskiy, Igor 1; Sorensen, Kyle 2; Mehta, Satish K. 3; Pierson, Duane L. 4; Tyring, Stephen K. 5; Haitz, Kassie 5; DiGiorgio, Catherine 5; LaPolla, Whitney 5; Gilden, Don 1,6; Email Address: don.gilden@ucdenver.edu; Affiliations: 1: Departments of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; 2: Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; 3: Enterprise Advisory Services, Houston, Texas; 4: Space Life Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; 5: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston; 6: Departments of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Issue Info: 9/15/2011, Vol. 204 Issue 6, p820; Subject Term: Varicella-zoster virus; Subject Term: Saliva -- Analysis; Subject Term: Neuralgia; Subject Term: Genes; Reviews & Products: Dna & Body Evidence (Book); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/infdis/jir425
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doyle, Laurance R.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Slawson, Robert W.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Winn, Joshua N.
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Prˇsa, Andrej
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Quinn, Samuel N.
AU  - Latham, David
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Rucker, Michael
T1  - Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/09/16/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6049
M3  - Article
SP  - 1602
EP  - 1606
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We report the detection of a planet whose orbit surrounds a pair of low-mass stars. Data from the Kepler spacecraft reveal transits of the planet across both stars, in addition to the mutual eclipses of the stars, giving precise constraints on the absolute dimensions of all three bodies. The planet is comparable to Saturn in mass and size and is on a nearly circular 229-day orbit around its two parent stars. The eclipsing stars are 20 and 69% as massive as the Sun and have an eccentric 41-day orbit. The motions of all three bodies are confined to within 0.5° of a single plane, suggesting that the planet formed within a circumbinary disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Binary stars
KW  - Eclipsing binaries
KW  - Binary stars -- Orbits
KW  - Planetary orbits
KW  - Stellar masses
N1  - Accession Number: 66346945; Doyle, Laurance R. 1; Email Address: ldoyle@seti.org; Carter, Joshua A. 2; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3; Slawson, Robert W. 1; Howell, Steve B. 4; Winn, Joshua N. 5; Orosz, Jerome A. 6; Prˇsa, Andrej 7; Welsh, William F. 6; Quinn, Samuel N. 8; Latham, David 8; Torres, Guillermo 8; Buchhave, Lars A. 9,10; Marcy, Geoffrey W. 11; Fortney, Jonathan J. 12; Shporer, Avi 13,14; Ford, Eric B. 15; Lissauer, Jack J.; Ragozzine, Darin 2; Rucker, Michael 16; Affiliations: 1: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043; 2: Hubble Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 3: Hubble Fellow, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 6: Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USA; 7: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; 8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 9: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 10: Konkoly Observatory, Konkoly ut 15-17, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary; 11: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 12: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 13: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA; 14: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; 15: 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611-2055, USA; 16: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Issue Info: 9/16/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6049, p1602; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Binary stars; Subject Term: Eclipsing binaries; Subject Term: Binary stars -- Orbits; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Subject Term: Stellar masses; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1210923
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apel, E. C.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Hornbrook, R. S.
AU  - Hills, A. J.
AU  - Cantrell, C. A.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Hall, S.
AU  - Mauldin III, R. L.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - St. Clair, J. M.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
T1  - Impact of the deep convection of isoprene and other reactive trace species on radicals and ozone in the upper troposphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 27243
EP  - 27284
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Observations of a comprehensive suite of inorganic and organic trace gases, including non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halogenated organics and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOC), obtained from the NASA DC-8 over Canada during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign in July 2008 illustrate that convection is important for redistributing both long and short-lived species throughout the troposphere. Convective outflow events were identified by the elevated mixing ratios of organic species in the upper troposphere relative to background conditions. Several dramatic events were observed in which isoprene and its oxidation products were detected at hundreds of pptv at altitudes higher than 8 km. Two events are studied in detail using detailed experimental data and the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) box model. One event had no lightning NOx (NO+NO2 ) associated with it and the other had substantial lightning NOx (LNOx). When convective storms transport isoprene from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere and LNOx is present, there is a large effect on the expected ensuing chemistry. The model predicts a dominant impact on HOx and nitrogen-containing species; the relative contribution from other species such as peroxides is insignificant. The isoprene reacts quickly, resulting in primary and secondary products, including formaldehyde and methyl glyoxal. The model predicts enhanced production of alkyl nitrates (ANs) and peroxyacyl nitrate compounds (PANs). PANs persist because of the cold temperatures of the upper troposphere resulting in a large change in the NOx mixing ratios, compared to the case in which no isoprene is convected, a scenario which is also explored by the model. This, in turn, has a large impact on the HOx chemistry. Ozone production is substantial during the first few hours following the event, resulting in a net gain of approximately 10 ppbv compared to the scenario in which no isoprene is present aloft. In the case of isoprene being present aloft but no LNOx, OH is reduced due to scavenging by isoprene, which serves to slow the chemistry resulting in longer lifetimes for species that react with OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Isoprene
KW  - Radicals
KW  - Alkyl nitrates
N1  - Accession Number: 70452199; Apel, E. C. 1; Email Address: apel@ucar.edu; Olson, J. R. 2; Crawford, J. H. 2; Hornbrook, R. S. 1; Hills, A. J. 1; Cantrell, C. A. 1; Emmons, L. K. 1; Knapp, D. J. 1; Hall, S. 1; Mauldin III, R. L. 1,3,4; Weinheimer, A. J. 1; Fried, A. 5; Blake, D. R. 6; Crounse, J. D. 7; St. Clair, J. M. 7; Wennberg, P. O. 7; Diskin, G. S. 2; Fuelberg, H. E. 8; Wisthaler, A. 9; Mikoviny, T. 9; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; 4: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 6: School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; 7: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 8: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; 9: Institut für Ionenphysik & Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p27243; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Subject Term: Isoprene; Subject Term: Radicals; Subject Term: Alkyl nitrates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-27243-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Esteve, A. R.
AU  - Ogren, J. A.
AU  - Sheridan, P. J.
AU  - Andrews, E.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
AU  - Utrillas, M. P.
T1  - Statistical evaluation of aerosol retrievals from AERONET using in-situ aircraft measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 29003
EP  - 29054
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Aerosol optical properties were measured by NOAA's Airborne Aerosol Observatory over Bondville, Illinois, during more than two years using a light aircraft. Measured properties included total light scattering, backscattering, and absorption, while calculated parameters included aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström exponent, single-scattering albedo, hemispheric backscatter fraction, asymmetry parameter, and submicrometer mode fraction of scattering. The in-situ aircraft measurements are compared here with AERONET measurements and retrievals of the aerosol optical properties at the same location. The comparison reveals discrepancies between the aerosol properties retrieved from AERONET and from in-situ aircraft measurements. These discrepancies are smaller for the AOD, while the biggest discrepancies are for the single-scattering albedo, hemispheric backscatter fraction, and asymmetry parameter. Possible sources of discrepancy between the AOD measured by AERONET and the one calculated from the in-situ aircraft measurements are investigated. The largest portion of the AOD discrepancy is likely due to an incorrect adjustment to ambient RH of the scattering coe?cient. Another significant part (along with uncertain nephelometer truncation corrections) may come from the possibility that there might be less aerosol below the lowest flight altitude or that the aircraft inlet excludes aerosol particles larger than 5--7 µm diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Aircraft industry
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 70452246; Esteve, A. R. 1; Email Address: anna.esteve@uv.es; Ogren, J. A. 2; Sheridan, P. J. 2; Andrews, E. 2,3; Holben, B. N. 4; Utrillas, M. P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 2: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p29003; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: Aircraft industry; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-29003-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mims, Forrest M.
AU  - Chambers, Lin Hartung
AU  - Brooks, David R.
T1  - Measuring Total Column Water Vapor by Pointing an Infrared Thermometer at the Sky.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 92
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1311
EP  - 1320
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - A 2-yr study affirms that the temperature indicated by an inexpensive ($$20-$$60) IR thermometer pointed at the cloud-free zenith sky (Tz) is a proxy for total column water vapor [[precipitable water (PW)]]. From 8 September 2008 to 18 October 2010 Tz was measured either at or near solar noon, and occasionally at night, at a field in south-central Texas. PW was measured by a MICROTOPS II sun photometer. The coefficient of correlation ( r2) of PW and Tz was 0.90, and the rms difference was 3.2 mm. A comparison of Tz with PW from a GPS site 31 km northnortheast yielded an r2 of 0.79 and an rms difference of 5.8 mm. An expanded study compared Tz from eight IR thermometers with PW at various times during the day and night from 17 May to 18 October 2010, mainly at the Texas site, with an additional 10 days at Hawaii's Mauna Loa Observatory. The best results were provided by two IR thermometers that yielded an r2 of 0.96 and an rms difference with PW of 2.7 mm. The results of both the ongoing 2-yr study and the 5-month comparison show that IR thermometers can measure PW with an accuracy (rms difference/mean PW) approaching 10%%, which is the accuracy typically ascribed to sun photometers. The simpler IR method, which works during both day and night, can be easily mastered by students, amateur scientists, and cooperative weather observers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Precipitable water
KW  - Thermometers
KW  - Meteorology -- Equipment & supplies -- Evaluation
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Texas
N1  - Accession Number: 70339123; Mims, Forrest M. 1; Chambers, Lin Hartung 2; Brooks, David R. 3; Affiliations: 1: Geronimo Creek Observatory, Seguin, Texas; 2: Climate Science Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Institute for Earth Science Research and Education, Eagleville, Pennsylvania; Issue Info: Oct2011, Vol. 92 Issue 10, p1311; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Precipitable water; Subject Term: Thermometers; Subject Term: Meteorology -- Equipment & supplies -- Evaluation; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject: Texas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2011BAMS3215.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rappold, Ana G.
AU  - Stone, Susan L.
AU  - Cascio, Wayne E.
AU  - Neas, Lucas M.
AU  - Kilaru, Vasu J.
AU  - Carraway, Martha Sue
AU  - Szykman, James J.
AU  - Ising, Amy
AU  - Cleve, William E.
AU  - Meredith, John T.
AU  - Vaughan-Batten, Heather
AU  - Deyneka, Lana
AU  - Devlin, Robert B.
T1  - Peat Bog Wildfire Smoke Exposure in Rural North Carolina Is Associated with Cardiopulmonary Emergency Department Visits Assessed through Syndromic Surveillance.
JO  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF  - Environmental Health Perspectives
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 119
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1420
PB  - Superintendent of Documents
SN  - 00916765
AB  - Background: In June 2008, burning peat deposits produced haze and air pollution far in excess of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, encroaching on rural communities of eastern North Carolina. Although the association of mortality and morbidity with exposure to urban air pollution is well established, the health effects associated with exposure to wildfire emissions are less well understood. Objective: We investigated the effects of exposure on cardiorespiratory outcomes in the population affected by the fire. Methods: We performed a population-based study using emergency department (ED) visits reported through the syndromic surveillance program NC DETECT (North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool). We used aerosol optical depth measured by a satellite to determine a high-exposure window and distinguish counties most impacted by the dense smoke plume from surrounding referent counties. Poisson log-linear regression with a 5-day distributed lag was used to estimate changes in the cumulative relative risk (RR). Results: In the exposed counties, significant increases in cumulative RR for asthma [1.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.1)], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1.73 (1.06-2.83)], and pneumonia and acute bronchitis [1.59 (1.07-2.34)] were observed. ED visits associated with cardio- pulmonary symptoms [1.23 (1.06-1.43)] and heart failure [1.37 (1.01-1.85)] were also significantly increased. Conclusions: Satellite data and syndromic surveillance were combined to assess the health impacts of wildfire smoke in rural counties with sparse air-quality monitoring. This is the first study to demonstrate both respiratory and cardiac effects after brief exposure to peat wildfire smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of Superintendent of Documents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Fires
KW  - Smoke
KW  - Environmental exposure
KW  - Public health surveillance -- Methodology
KW  - Age distribution (Demography)
KW  - Analysis of variance
KW  - Cardiovascular diseases
KW  - Confidence intervals
KW  - Emergency medical services
KW  - Poisson distribution
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Research -- Finance
KW  - Respiratory diseases
KW  - Rural conditions
KW  - Sex distribution (Demography)
KW  - Relative risk (Medicine)
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - cardiopulmonary health effects
KW  - satellite data
KW  - syndromic surveillance
KW  - wildfire smoke exposure
N1  - Accession Number: 66648268; Rappold, Ana G. 1; Email Address: rappold.ana@epa.gov; Stone, Susan L. 1; Cascio, Wayne E. 1; Neas, Lucas M. 1; Kilaru, Vasu J. 2; Carraway, Martha Sue 1; Szykman, James J. 3; Ising, Amy 4; Cleve, William E. 5; Meredith, John T. 6; Vaughan-Batten, Heather 7; Deyneka, Lana 7; Devlin, Robert B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; 2: National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; 3: Environmental Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; 5: Pitt County Memorial Hospital, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; 6: Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences; East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA; 7: North Carolina Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Issue Info: Oct2011, Vol. 119 Issue 10, p1415; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Fires; Thesaurus Term: Smoke; Thesaurus Term: Environmental exposure; Subject Term: Public health surveillance -- Methodology; Subject Term: Age distribution (Demography); Subject Term: Analysis of variance; Subject Term: Cardiovascular diseases; Subject Term: Confidence intervals; Subject Term: Emergency medical services; Subject Term: Poisson distribution; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Research -- Finance; Subject Term: Respiratory diseases; Subject Term: Rural conditions; Subject Term: Sex distribution (Demography); Subject Term: Relative risk (Medicine); Subject: North Carolina; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiopulmonary health effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite data; Author-Supplied Keyword: syndromic surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: wildfire smoke exposure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913130 Municipal police services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6025
L3  - 10.1289/ehp.10O3206
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=66648268&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104703352
T1  - Peat Bog Wildfire Smoke Exposure in Rural North Carolina Is Associated with Cardiopulmonary Emergency Department Visits Assessed through Syndromic Surveillance.
AU  - Rappold, Ana G.
AU  - Stone, Susan L.
AU  - Cascio, Wayne E.
AU  - Neas, Lucas M.
AU  - Kilaru, Vasu J.
AU  - Carraway, Martha Sue
AU  - Szykman, James J.
AU  - Ising, Amy
AU  - Cleve, William E.
AU  - Meredith, John T.
AU  - Vaughan-Batten, Heather
AU  - Deyneka, Lana
AU  - Devlin, Robert B.
Y1  - 2011/10//
N1  - Accession Number: 104703352. Language: English. Entry Date: 20111107. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; Public Health; USA. Special Interest: Emergency Care; Public Health. Grant Information: This work was supported by internal funding by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).. NLM UID: 0330411. 
KW  - Smoke -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Environmental Exposure -- Epidemiology -- North Carolina
KW  - Fires -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Emergency Medical Services -- Utilization
KW  - Human
KW  - North Carolina
KW  - Population Surveillance -- Methods
KW  - Poisson Distribution
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Relative Risk
KW  - Confidence Intervals
KW  - Cardiovascular Diseases -- Chemically Induced
KW  - Respiratory Tract Diseases -- Chemically Induced
KW  - Rural Areas
KW  - Environmental Monitoring
KW  - Male
KW  - Female
KW  - Young Adult
KW  - Adult
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and Over
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Age Factors
KW  - Funding Source
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1420
JO  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JA  - ENVIRON HEALTH PERSPECT
VL  - 119
IS  - 10
CY  - Washington, District of Columbia
PB  - Superintendent of Documents
AB  - Background: In June 2008, burning peat deposits produced haze and air pollution far in excess of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, encroaching on rural communities of eastern North Carolina. Although the association of mortality and morbidity with exposure to urban air pollution is well established, the health effects associated with exposure to wildfire emissions are less well understood. Objective: We investigated the effects of exposure on cardiorespiratory outcomes in the population affected by the fire. Methods: We performed a population-based study using emergency department (ED) visits reported through the syndromic surveillance program NC DETECT (North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool). We used aerosol optical depth measured by a satellite to determine a high-exposure window and distinguish counties most impacted by the dense smoke plume from surrounding referent counties. Poisson log-linear regression with a 5-day distributed lag was used to estimate changes in the cumulative relative risk (RR). Results: In the exposed counties, significant increases in cumulative RR for asthma [1.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.1)], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1.73 (1.06-2.83)], and pneumonia and acute bronchitis [1.59 (1.07-2.34)] were observed. ED visits associated with cardio- pulmonary symptoms [1.23 (1.06-1.43)] and heart failure [1.37 (1.01-1.85)] were also significantly increased. Conclusions: Satellite data and syndromic surveillance were combined to assess the health impacts of wildfire smoke in rural counties with sparse air-quality monitoring. This is the first study to demonstrate both respiratory and cardiac effects after brief exposure to peat wildfire smoke.
SN  - 0091-6765
AD  - Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
AD  - National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
AD  - Environmental Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
AD  - Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
AD  - Pitt County Memorial Hospital, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
AD  - Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences; East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
AD  - North Carolina Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
U2  - PMID: 21705297.
DO  - 10.1289/ehp.10O3206
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104703352&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weitz, Catherine M.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Thollot, Patrick
AU  - Mangold, Nicolas
AU  - Roach, Leah H.
T1  - Diverse mineralogies in two troughs of Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 899
EP  - 902
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - Two troughs in Noctis Labyrinthus display a diversity of mineral assemblages rarely seen spatially collocated on Mars. Minerals identified from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data within the troughs include polyhydrated and monohydrated sulfates, an Al clay (e.g., kaolinite or beidellite), Fe/Mg smectites, hydrated silica and/or opal, and a leached clay or jarosite mixture with a doublet absorption between 2.2 and 2.3 µm. Units both pre-date and post-date smaller pits and depressions within the larger troughs, indicating that deposition was coeval with continued extension, collapse, and erosion in the Late Hesperian to Early Amazonian (2-3 Ga). The strata within each trough display a mineralogic diversity consistent with active aqueous processes and/or changing chemical conditions over time, perhaps due to hydrothermal alteration of volcanic ash, influxes of groundwater from nearby Tharsis volcanism, fumarole activity, and melting snow and/or ice. The superposition of younger Fe/Mg smectites over sulfates, Al clays, and hydrated silica and/or opal in both troughs indicates that this region is unique relative to most other locations on Mars, where the opposite progression is observed and the Fe/Mg smectites are Noachian (older than 3.6 Ga) in age. Consequently, these troughs may have been habitable regions on Mars at a time when drier conditions dominated the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Groundwater
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Minerals
KW  - Volcanism
KW  - Tharsis Montes (Mars)
N1  - Accession Number: 66756191; Weitz, Catherine M. 1; Bishop, Janice L. 2; Thollot, Patrick 3; Mangold, Nicolas 3; Roach, Leah H. 4; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA; 2: SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute, and NASA Ames Research Center, Carl Sagan Center, 189 N. Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 3: Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) et Université Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex, France; 4: Frontier Technology, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 450G, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA; Issue Info: Oct2011, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p899; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Groundwater; Thesaurus Term: Mineralogy; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Minerals; Subject Term: Volcanism; Subject: Tharsis Montes (Mars); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G32045.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=66756191&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thiruppathiraja, Chinnasamy
AU  - Alagar, Muthukaruppan
AU  - Saroja, Veerappan
AU  - Kamatchiammal, Senthilkumar
AU  - Adaikkappan, Periyakaruppan
T1  - Development of electrochemical based sandwich enzyme linked immunosensor for Cryptosporidium parvum detection in drinking water.
JO  - Journal of Environmental Monitoring
JF  - Journal of Environmental Monitoring
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2782
EP  - 2787
SN  - 14640325
AB  - Cryptosporidium parvum is one of the most important biological contaminants in drinking water and generates significant risks to public health. Due to low infectious dose of C. parvum, remarkably sensitive detection methods are required for water and food industry analysis. This present study describes a simple, sensitive, enzyme amplified sandwich form of an electrochemical immunosensor using dual labeled gold nanoparticles (alkaline phosphatase and anti-oocysts monoclonal antibody) in indium tin oxide (ITO) as an electrode to detect C. parvum. The biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the anti-oocysts McAb on a gold nanoparticle functionalized ITO electrode, followed by the corresponding capture of analytes and dual labeled gold nanoparticle probe to detect the C. parvum target. The outcome shows the sensitivity of electrochemical immune sensor enhanced by gold nanoparticles with a limit of detection of 3 oocysts/mL in a minimal processing period. Our results demonstrated the sensitivity of the new approach compared to the customary method and the immunosensors showed acceptable precision, reproducibility, stability, and could be readily applied to multi analyte determination for environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Environmental Monitoring is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cryptosporidium
KW  - Drinking water
KW  - Electrochemical analysis
KW  - Electrodes
KW  - Nanoparticles
KW  - Enzyme synthesis
N1  - Accession Number: 100891688; Thiruppathiraja, Chinnasamy 1; Alagar, Muthukaruppan 1; Saroja, Veerappan 2; Kamatchiammal, Senthilkumar 2; Adaikkappan, Periyakaruppan 3; Affiliations: 1: Nanocomposites Research group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, TN, 600 025, India; 2: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Chennai Zonal Laboratory, TN, 600 113, India; 3: Center for Nano–science and Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2011, Vol. 13 Issue 10, p2782; Thesaurus Term: Cryptosporidium; Thesaurus Term: Drinking water; Subject Term: Electrochemical analysis; Subject Term: Electrodes; Subject Term: Nanoparticles; Subject Term: Enzyme synthesis; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1039/c1em10372e
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100891688&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwerdt, Helen N.
AU  - Xu, Wencheng
AU  - Shekhar, Sameer
AU  - Abbaspour-Tamijani, Abbas
AU  - Towe, Bruce C.
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
AU  - Chae, Junseok
T1  - A Fully Passive Wireless Microsystem for Recording of Neuropotentials Using RF Backscattering Methods.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
J1  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
PY  - 2011/10//
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1119
EP  - 1130
SN  - 10577157
AB  - The ability to safely monitor neuropotentials is essential in establishing methods to study the brain. Current research focuses on the wireless telemetry aspect of implantable sensors in order to make these devices ubiquitous and safe. Chronic implants necessitate superior reliability and durability of the integrated electronics. The power consumption of implanted electronics must also be limited to within several milliwatts to microwatts to minimize heat trauma in the human body. In order to address these severe requirements, we developed an entirely passive and wireless microsystem for recording neuropotentials. An external interrogator supplies a fundamental microwave carrier to the microsystem. The microsystem comprises varactors that perform nonlinear mixing of neuropotential and fundamental carrier signals. The varactors generate third-order mixing products that are wirelessly backscattered to the external interrogator where the original neuropotential signals are recovered. Performance of the neurorecording microsystem was demonstrated by wireless recording of emulated and in vivo neuropotentials. The obtained results were wireless recovery of neuropotentials as low as approximately 500 microvolts peak-to-peak (\mu\Vpp) with a bandwidth of 10 Hz to 3 kHz (for emulated signals) and with 128 epoch signal averaging of repetitive signals (for in vivo signals).\hfill[2010-0338] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PASSIVE components
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - POTENTIAL theory (Physics)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - SERVICE life (Engineering)
KW  - VARACTORS
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
N1  - Accession Number: 66421215; Source Information: Oct2011, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p1119; Subject Term: PASSIVE components; Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: POTENTIAL theory (Physics); Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: SERVICE life (Engineering); Subject Term: VARACTORS; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2011.2162487
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okojie, Robert S.
AU  - Chang, Carl W.
AU  - Evans, Laura J.
T1  - Reducing DRIE-Induced Trench Effects in SiC Pressure Sensors Using FEA Prediction.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
J1  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
PY  - 2011/10//
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1174
EP  - 1183
SN  - 10577157
AB  - Burst force of several 4H–SiC pressure sensor diaphragms fabricated by reactive ion etching (RIE) is measured and coupled with finite-element (FE) analyses to extract a fracture strength of 786 \pm 0.3 MPa. The result, which was in relative agreement with previously published values, was applied in various failure prediction models for RIE-induced trench defects that were responsible for the premature failures observed in SiC pressure sensors. The FE model associated with trench-free diaphragms was experimentally validated to prevent such failure, thereby resulting in the expansion of the sensor pressure handling capacity by more than twofold. The RIE fabrication process conditions for this model have been successfully implemented as a standard process. This result was extended further into developing failure prediction models for other observed RIE-induced etch characteristics.\hfill[2010-0246] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA etching
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - DIAPHRAGMS (Structural engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 66421219; Source Information: Oct2011, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p1174; Subject Term: PLASMA etching; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: DIAPHRAGMS (Structural engineering); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2011.2163298
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=66421219&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giuranna, M.
AU  - Roush, T.L.
AU  - Duxbury, T.
AU  - Hogan, R.C.
AU  - Carli, C.
AU  - Geminale, A.
AU  - Formisano, V.
T1  - Compositional interpretation of PFS/MEx and TES/MGS thermal infrared spectra of Phobos
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1308
EP  - 1325
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The origin of the Martian satellites presents a puzzle of long standing. Addressing the composition of Phobos will help constrain theories of its formation. Visible and near-infrared spectra of Phobos lack deep absorption features, making the compositional interpretation a tricky task. PFS/MEx and TES/MGS observations in the thermal infrared show several spectral features that can be used to investigate the composition of the surface. Our results show that the majority of the spectra are consistent with the presence of phyllosilicates, particularly in the area northeast of Stickney. This area corresponds to the “blue” region as defined by . Analysis of PFS and TES observations in the “red” region defined by are consistent with tectosilicates, especially feldspars/feldspathoids. We discuss several physical and chemical mechanisms that can act to eliminate or reduce the strength of bands in the VIS/NIR spectra, with possibly little or no effect in the mid-IR. Comparison of the TES and PFS data to the meteorites shows that no class of chondritic meteorites provide significant agreement with the spectral features observed. The lack of consistency of the PFS and TES spectra to analogs of ultraprimitive materials (organic residues) suggests that an origin via capture of a transneptunian object is not supported by these observations, although it cannot be completely ruled out. Derived surface temperatures from PFS and TES data are in very good agreement with brightness temperatures derived from Viking orbiter measurements, Earth-based observations, and values predicted by numerical models. Our results show that the surface temperature of Phobos varies with solar incidence angle and heliocentric distance, reconciling the different results. We collect and summarize the compositional clues for the origin of Phobos discussed in this paper, including our results. Currently, the most likely scenario is the in-situ formation of Phobos, although a capture of achrondrite-like meteorites is not ruled out. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - In situ processing (Mining)
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - Trans-Neptunian objects
KW  - Phyllosilicates
KW  - Astromineralogy
KW  - Phobos (Satellite)
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Composition
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Phobos
KW  - Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 65497745; Giuranna, M. 1; Email Address: marco.giuranna@ifsi-roma.inaf.it; Roush, T.L. 2; Duxbury, T. 3; Hogan, R.C. 4; Carli, C. 5; Geminale, A. 1; Formisano, V. 2; Affiliations: 1: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario INAF-IFSI, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, P.O. Box 1, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, C/O P.O. Box 1, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; 5: Isituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica INAF-IASF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Issue Info: Oct2011, Vol. 59 Issue 13, p1308; Thesaurus Term: In situ processing (Mining); Subject Term: Infrared spectra; Subject Term: Chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: Trans-Neptunian objects; Subject Term: Phyllosilicates; Subject Term: Astromineralogy; Subject Term: Phobos (Satellite); Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phobos; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stubbs, T.J.
AU  - Glenar, D.A.
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
AU  - Vondrak, R.R.
AU  - Collier, M.R.
AU  - Halekas, J.S.
AU  - Delory, G.T.
T1  - On the role of dust in the lunar ionosphere
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1659
EP  - 1664
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Radio occultation measurements from the Soviet Luna 19 mission suggest that electron concentrations above the sunlit lunar surface can be significantly higher than that expected from either the photo-ionization of exospheric neutrals or any other well-known process. These measurements were used to infer the electron column concentrations above the lunar limb as a function of tangent height, which surprisingly indicated peak concentrations of ∼103 cm−3 at ∼5km altitude. It has been speculated that electrically charged exospheric dust could contribute to such electron populations. This possibility is examined here using the exospheric dust abundances inferred from Apollo 15 coronal photographs to estimate the concentration of electrons produced by photo- and secondary emission from dust. These estimates far exceed the electron concentrations predicted by any other suggested mechanism, and are within a factor of ≈20 of those inferred from the Luna 19 measurements. It is possible that this discrepancy is due to an under-estimate in dust grain capacitances and/or the presence of much higher exospheric dust abundances during the Luna 19 measurements. These results suggest that electrons emitted from exospheric dust could be responsible for the Luna 19 measurements, and that this process could dominate the formation and evolution of the lunar ionosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Photoionization
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Cosmic dust
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
KW  - Airglow
KW  - Lunar photography
KW  - Moon
KW  - Moon -- Surface
KW  - Apollo 15
KW  - Dust-electrons
KW  - Horizon glow
KW  - Luna 19
KW  - Lunar ionosphere
KW  - Radio occultation
N1  - Accession Number: 65497781; Stubbs, T.J. 1,2,3; Email Address: Timothy.J.Stubbs@NASA.gov; Glenar, D.A. 2,3,4; Farrell, W.M. 2,3; Vondrak, R.R. 2,3; Collier, M.R. 2,3; Halekas, J.S. 2,3; Delory, G.T. 3,5,6; Affiliations: 1: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA; 5: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Oct2011, Vol. 59 Issue 13, p1659; Thesaurus Term: Ionosphere; Thesaurus Term: Photoionization; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Cosmic dust; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Subject Term: Airglow; Subject Term: Lunar photography; Subject Term: Moon; Subject Term: Moon -- Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apollo 15; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust-electrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horizon glow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luna 19; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio occultation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.05.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Diane Rausch, P.
T1  - Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/07/
VL  - 76
IS  - 195
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 62455
EP  - 62456
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel on Federal Advisory Committee Act, Public Law amendment sponsored by National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held on October 21, 2011 in Nasa Johnson Space Center.
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - ADVISORY boards
KW  - CONGRESSES
KW  - PUBLIC law
N1  - Accession Number: 69824417; Diane Rausch, P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/7/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 195, p62455; Thesaurus Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Thesaurus Term: ADVISORY boards; Subject Term: CONGRESSES; Subject Term: PUBLIC law; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Diane Rausch, P.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Planetary Science Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/07/
VL  - 76
IS  - 195
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 62456
EP  - 62456
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a telephonic and WebEx meeting of Planetary Science subcommittee of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held on October 27, 2011.
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69824418; Diane Rausch, P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/7/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 195, p62456; Thesaurus Term: CONFERENCES & conventions ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, P.Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Human Exploration and Operations Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/13/
VL  - 76
IS  - 198
M3  - Article
SP  - 63663
EP  - 63664
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article announces the Human Exploration and Operations Committee meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council, to be held in Washington D.C. on November 1, 2011. It notes that the meeting is in accordance to the amendments of the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Public Law 92-463. Agenda topics for the meeting includes re-organization status, global exploration roadmap, and space life and physical science research and applications.
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences research
KW  - ADVISORY boards
KW  - PUBLIC meetings
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Law & legislation -- United States
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69850975; Rausch, P.Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/13/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 198, p63663; Thesaurus Term: PHYSICAL sciences research; Thesaurus Term: ADVISORY boards; Subject Term: PUBLIC meetings; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Law & legislation -- United States; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausc, P. Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Audit, Finance and Analysis Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/17/
VL  - 76
IS  - 200
M3  - Article
SP  - 64112
EP  - 64112
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article announces the meeting of the Audit, Finance and Analysis Committee of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council in accordance with the Federal Advisory Committee Act, Public Law 92-463, as amended, on November 1-2, 2011 in Maryland.
KW  - PUBLIC meetings of government agencies
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69911306; Rausc, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/17/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 200, p64112; Subject Term: PUBLIC meetings of government agencies; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Committee; Renewal of NASA's International Space Station Advisory Committee Charter.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/17/
VL  - 76
IS  - 200
M3  - Article
SP  - 64122
EP  - 64123
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article presents a notice from the administrator of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on the agency's determination that a renewal of the International Space Station Advisory Committee is in public interest with the performance of duties imposed on NASA by law.
KW  - ADVISORY boards
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69911311; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/17/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 200, p64122; Thesaurus Term: ADVISORY boards; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Information Technology Infrastructure Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/18/
VL  - 76
IS  - 201
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 64386
EP  - 64387
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on the meeting of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the U.S. for the Information Technology Infrastructure Committee of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council which will be held on November 1, 2011 in Maryland.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - MARYLAND
N1  - Accession Number: 69911447; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/18/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 201, p64386; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: MARYLAND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Planetary Science Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/18/
VL  - 76
IS  - 201
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 64387
EP  - 64387
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on the meeting of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the U.S. for Planetary Science Subcommittee of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council which will be held on November 2, 2011 in Washington, D. C.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 69911448; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/18/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 201, p64387; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Advisory Board; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/21/
VL  - 76
IS  - 204
M3  - Article
SP  - 65540
EP  - 65540
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article announces the meeting of the National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing Advisory Board of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Alexandria, Virginia on November 9, 2011.
KW  - PUBLIC meetings of government agencies
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69756265; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/21/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 204, p65540; Subject Term: PUBLIC meetings of government agencies; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/21/
VL  - 76
IS  - 204
M3  - Article
SP  - 65540
EP  - 65541
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article announces the cancellation of the meeting of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council that was scheduled to be held in Greenbelt, Maryland on November 3 to 4, 2011.
KW  - PUBLIC meetings of government agencies
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69756266; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/21/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 204, p65540; Subject Term: PUBLIC meetings of government agencies; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel; Charter Renewal.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/24/
VL  - 76
IS  - 205
M3  - Article
SP  - 65750
EP  - 65751
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article presents a notice from the U.S. National Aerospace and Space Administration (NASA) about the renewal of the NASA Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel.
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel
N1  - Accession Number: 69715972; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/24/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 205, p65750; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory Advisory Committee; Charter Renewal.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/24/
VL  - 76
IS  - 205
M3  - Article
SP  - 65752
EP  - 65752
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article presents a notice from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) about the renewal of the charter of the International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory Advisory Committee.
KW  - ADVISORY boards
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69715975; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/24/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 205, p65752; Thesaurus Term: ADVISORY boards ; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manney, Gloria L.
AU  - Santee, Michelle L.
AU  - Rex, Markus
AU  - Livesey, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Pitts, Michael C.
AU  - Veefkind, Pepijn
AU  - Nash, Eric R.
AU  - Wohltmann, Ingo
AU  - Lehmann, Ralph
AU  - Froidevaux, Lucien
AU  - Poole, Lamont R.
AU  - Schoeberl, Mark R.
AU  - Haffner, David P.
AU  - Davies, Jonathan
AU  - Dorokhov, Valery
AU  - Gernandt, Hartwig
AU  - Johnson, Bryan
AU  - Kivi, Rigel
AU  - Kyrö, Esko
AU  - Larsen, Niels
T1  - Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/10/27/
VL  - 478
IS  - 7370
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
EP  - 475
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Chemical ozone destruction occurs over both polar regions in local winter-spring. In the Antarctic, essentially complete removal of lower-stratospheric ozone currently results in an ozone hole every year, whereas in the Arctic, ozone loss is highly variable and has until now been much more limited. Here we demonstrate that chemical ozone destruction over the Arctic in early 2011 was-for the first time in the observational record-comparable to that in the Antarctic ozone hole. Unusually long-lasting cold conditions in the Arctic lower stratosphere led to persistent enhancement in ozone-destroying forms of chlorine and to unprecedented ozone loss, which exceeded 80 per cent over 18-20 kilometres altitude. Our results show that Arctic ozone holes are possible even with temperatures much milder than those in the Antarctic. We cannot at present predict when such severe Arctic ozone depletion may be matched or exceeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Chlorine -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Polar vortex
KW  - Polar regions -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Polar regions
N1  - Accession Number: 66849446; Manney, Gloria L. 1; Santee, Michelle L. 2; Rex, Markus 3; Livesey, Nathaniel J. 2; Pitts, Michael C. 4; Veefkind, Pepijn 5; Nash, Eric R. 6; Wohltmann, Ingo 3; Lehmann, Ralph 3; Froidevaux, Lucien 2; Poole, Lamont R. 7; Schoeberl, Mark R. 8; Haffner, David P. 6; Davies, Jonathan 9; Dorokhov, Valery 10; Gernandt, Hartwig 3; Johnson, Bryan 11; Kivi, Rigel 12; Kyrö, Esko 12; Larsen, Niels 13; Affiliations: 1: 1] Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA [2] New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 3: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; 5: 1] Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands [2] Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; 8: Science and Technology Corporation, Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA; 9: Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4; 10: Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia; 11: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA; 12: Arctic Research Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 99600 Sodankylä, Finland; 13: Danish Climate Center, Danish Meteorological Institute, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Issue Info: 10/27/2011, Vol. 478 Issue 7370, p469; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Ozone layer; Subject Term: Chlorine -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Polar vortex; Subject Term: Polar regions -- Environmental conditions; Subject: Polar regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature10556
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Technology and Innovation Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/28/
VL  - 76
IS  - 209
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 66997
EP  - 66998
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council's Technology and Innovation Committee to be held on November 18, 2011 at NASA headquarters, Washington D.C.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69824708; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 10/28/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 209, p66997; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/10/28/
VL  - 76
IS  - 209
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 66998
EP  - 66998
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a telephonic and online meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council's Astrophysics Subcommittee to be held on November 21, 2011 at NASA headquarters, Washington D.C.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69824709; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 10/28/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 209, p66998; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Zhenhong
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Onasch, Timothy B.
AU  - Herndon, Scott C.
AU  - Albo, Simon E.
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Kebabian, Paul L.
AU  - Freedman, Andrew
T1  - Direct Measurement of Aircraft Engine Soot Emissions Using a Cavity-Attenuated Phase Shift (CAPS)-Based Extinction Monitor.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 45
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1319
EP  - 1325
SN  - 02786826
AB  - The optical properties of soot particles in plumes emanating from a high bypass turbofan aircraft engine (V2527) were measured at distances of 40-80 m behind the engine with a cavity-enhanced phase shift (CAPS)-based extinction monitor (known as the CAPS PMex) and a multi-angle absorption photometer, both operating at wavelength ∼630 nm. Integrated plume measurements from the two instruments were highly correlated with each other (r2 > 0.99, N = 12) and with measured carbon dioxide emission concentrations. Ancillary measurements indicated that the soot particle volume-weighted mobility diameter distribution peaked at 60 nm with a full width at half maximum of ∼60 nm. The soot single scattering albedo determined using the absorption and extinction measurements under engine idle conditions was 0.05 ± 0.02 (where the uncertainty represents 2σ precision), in agreement with previous measurements of aircraft exhaust. The engine soot emission index (mass soot per mass fuel burned) for this particular engine, derived from these measurements and a wavelength-specific mass absorption coefficient and the measured in-plume carbon dioxide concentrations, was 225 ± 35 mg kg-1 at engine idle conditions. These results plus more limited data collected from in-use aircraft on the runway indicate that the CAPS extinction monitor can provide (with an appropriate albedo correction) a credible measurement of the engine soot emission index in situations where the time response and sensitivity of particle absorption monitors are not otherwise sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Soot
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Airplanes -- Motors
KW  - Phase shift (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 62597162; Yu, Zhenhong 1; Ziemba, Luke D. 2; Onasch, Timothy B. 1; Herndon, Scott C. 1; Albo, Simon E. 1; Miake-Lye, Richard 1; Anderson, Bruce E. 2; Kebabian, Paul L. 1; Freedman, Andrew 1; Affiliations: 1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 45 Issue 11, p1319; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Soot; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Airplanes -- Motors; Subject Term: Phase shift (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Photometry; Subject Term: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2011.592873
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quennehen, B.
AU  - Schwarzenboeck, A.
AU  - Schmale, J.
AU  - Schneider, J.
AU  - Sodemann, H.
AU  - Stohl, A.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Crumeyrolle, S.
AU  - Law, K. S.
T1  - Physical and chemical properties of pollution aerosol particles transported from North America to Greenland as measured during the POLARCAT summer campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 11
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 10947
EP  - 10963
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Within the framework of the POLARCAT-France campaign, aerosol physical, chemical and optical properties over Greenland were measured onboard the French ATR-42 research aircraft. The origins of CO excess peaks detected in the aircraft measurements then have been identified through FLEXPART simulations. The study presented here focuses particularly on the characterization of air masses transported from the North American continent to Greenland. Air masses that picked up emissions from Canadian boreal forest fires as well as from the cities on the American east coast were identified and selected for a detailed study. Measurements of CO concentrations, aerosol chemical composition, aerosol number size distributions, aerosol volume volatile fractions and aerosol light absorption (mainly from black carbon) are used in order to study the relationship between CO enhancement (ΔCO), aerosol particle concentrations and number size distributions. Aerosol number size distributions (normalised with their respective ΔCO) are in good agreement with previous studies. Nonetheless, wet scavenging may have occurred along the pathway between the emission sources and Greenland leading to a less pronounced accumulation mode in the POLARCAT data. Chemical analyses from mass spectrometry show that submicrometer aerosol particles are mainly composed of sulphate and organics. The observed bimodal (Aitken and accumulation) aerosol number size distributions show a significant enhancement in Aitken mode particles. Furthermore, results from the thermodenuder analysis demonstrate the external mixture of boreal fire (BF) air masses from North America (NA). This is particularly observed in the accumulation mode, containing a volume fraction of up to 25-30% of refractory material at the applied temperature of 280 °C. NA anthropogenic air masses with only 6% refractory material in the accumulation mode can be clearly distinguished from BF air masses. Overall, during the campaign rather small amounts of black carbon from the North American continent were transported towards Greenland during the summer POLARCAT observation period, which also is a valuable finding with respect to potential climate impacts of black carbon in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - North America
KW  - France
N1  - Accession Number: 70316903; Quennehen, B. 1; Email Address: b.quennehen@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr; Schwarzenboeck, A. 1; Schmale, J. 2; Schneider, J. 2; Sodemann, H. 3,4; Stohl, A. 3; Ancellet, G. 5; Crumeyrolle, S. 1,6; Law, K. S. 5; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS UMR6016, Aubière, France; 2: Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; 3: Norwegian Institute for Air Reasearch (NILU), Kjeller, Norway; 4: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; 5: UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, UMR8190, Paris, France; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 21, p10947; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject: North America; Subject: France; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-10947-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornbrook, R. S.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Meinardi, S.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Richter, D.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Walega, J.
AU  - Weibring, P.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Wiedinmyer, C.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Hills, A.
AU  - Riemer, D. D.
AU  - Apel, E. C.
T1  - Observations of nonmethane organic compounds during ARCTAS -- Part 1: Biomass burning emissions and plume enhancements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 11
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 11103
EP  - 11130
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Mixing ratios of a large number of nonmethane organic compounds (NMOCs) were observed by the Trace Organic Gas Analyzer (TOGA) on board the NASA DC-8 as part of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field campaign. Many of these NMOCs were observed concurrently by one or both of two other NMOC measurement techniques on board the DC-8: proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and whole air canister sampling (WAS). A comparison of these measurements to the data from TOGA indicates good agreement for the majority of co-measured NMOCs. The ARCTAS study, which included both spring and summer deployments, provided opportunities to sample a large number of biomass burning (BB) plumes with origins in Asia, California and central Canada, ranging from very recent emissions to plumes aged one week or more. For this analysis, BB smoke interceptions were grouped by flight, source region and, in some cases, time of day, generating 40 identified BB plumes for analysis. Normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMRs) to CO were determined for each of the 40 plumes for up to 19 different NMOCs or NMOC groups. Although the majority of observed NEMRs for individual NMOCs or NMOC groups were in agreement with previously-reported values, the observed NEMRs to CO for ethanol, a rarely quantified gas-phase trace gas, ranged from values similar to those previously reported, to up to an order of magnitude greater. Notably, though variable between plumes, observed NEMRs of individual light alkanes are highly correlated within BB emissions, independent of estimated plume ages. BB emissions of oxygenated NMOC were also found to be often well-correlated. Using the NCAR Master Mechanism chemical box model initialized with concentrations based on two observed scenarios, fresh Canadian BB and fresh Californian BB, decreases are predicted for the low molecular weight carbonyls (i.e. formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone, MEK) and alcohols (i.e. methanol and ethanol) as the plumes evolve in time, i.e. the production of these compounds is less than the chemical loss. Comparisons of the modeled NEMRs to the observed NEMRs from BB plumes estimated to be three days in age or less indicate overall good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Methane
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Proton transfer reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 70316912; Hornbrook, R. S. 1; Email Address: rsh@ucar.edu; Blake, D. R. 2; Diskin, G. S. 3; Fried, A. 4; Fuelberg, H. E. 5; Meinardi, S. 2; Mikoviny, T. 6; Richter, D. 4; Sachse, G. W. 3; Vay, S. A. 3; Walega, J. 4; Weibring, P. 4; Weinheimer, A. J. 1; Wiedinmyer, C. 1; Wisthaler, A. 6; Hills, A. 1; Riemer, D. D. 7; Apel, E. C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; 6: Institut für Ionenphysik & Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 7: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 21, p11103; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Proton transfer reactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-11103-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fast, J. D.
AU  - Gustafson Jr., W. I.
AU  - Berg, L. K.
AU  - Shaw, W. J.
AU  - Pekour, M.
AU  - Shrivastava, M.
AU  - Barnard, J. C.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hair, J. A.
AU  - Erickson, M.
AU  - Jobson, B. T.
AU  - Flowers, B.
AU  - Dubey, M. K.
AU  - Springston, S.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Dolislager, L.
AU  - Pederson, J.
AU  - Zaveri, R. A.
T1  - Transport and mixing patterns over Central California during the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES).
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 29949
EP  - 30008
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We describe the synoptic and regional-scale meteorological conditions that affected the transport and mixing of trace gases and aerosols in the vicinity of Sacramento, California during June 2010 when the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) was conducted. The meteorological measurements collected by various instruments deployed during the campaign and the performance of the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) are both discussed. WRF-Chem was run daily during the campaign to forecast the spatial and temporal variation of carbon monoxide emitted from 20 anthropogenic source regions in California to guide aircraft sampling. The model is shown to reproduce the overall circulations and boundary-layer characteristics in the region, although errors in the upslope wind speed and boundary-layer depth contribute to differences in the observed and simulated carbon monoxide. Thermally-driven upslope flows that transported pollutants from Sacramento over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada occurred every afternoon, except during three periods when the passage of mid-tropospheric troughs disrupted the regional-scales flow patterns. The meteorological conditions after the passage of the third trough were the most favorable for photochemistry and likely formation of secondary organic aerosols. Meteorological measurements and model forecasts indicate that the Sacramento pollutant plume was likely transported over a downwind site that collected trace gas and aerosol measurements during 23 periods; however, direct transport occurred during only eight of these periods. The model also showed that emissions from the San Francisco Bay area transported by intrusions of marine air contributed a large fraction of the carbon monoxide in the vicinity of Sacramento, suggesting that this source likely affects local chemistry. Contributions from other sources of pollutants, such as those in the Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley, were relatively low. Aerosol layering in the free troposphere was observed during the morning by an airborne Lidar. WF-Chem forecasts showed that mountain venting processes contributed to aged pollutants aloft in the valley atmosphere that is then entrained into the growing boundary layer the subsequent day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Synoptic meteorology
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Prediction models
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 70452077; Fast, J. D. 1; Email Address: jerome.fast@pnl.gov; Gustafson Jr., W. I. 1; Berg, L. K. 1; Shaw, W. J. 1; Pekour, M. 1; Shrivastava, M. 1; Barnard, J. C. 1; Ferrare, R. A. 2; Hostetler, C. A. 2; Hair, J. A. 2; Erickson, M. 3; Jobson, B. T. 3; Flowers, B. 4; Dubey, M. K. 4; Springston, S. 5; Pierce, R. B. 6; Dolislager, L. 7; Pederson, J. 7; Zaveri, R. A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; 4: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; 5: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA; 6: NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Madison, Colorado, USA; 7: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 11, p29949; Thesaurus Term: Synoptic meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Prediction models; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 60p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-29949-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strawa, A. W.
AU  - Chatfield, R. B.
AU  - Legg, M.
AU  - Scarnato, B.
AU  - Esswein, R.
T1  - Improving PM2.5 retrievals in the San Joaquin Valley using A-Train Multi-Satellite Observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 11
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 30563
EP  - 30598
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This paper demonstrates the use of a combination of multi-platform satellite observations and statistical data analysis to dramatically improve the correlation between satellite observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ground-level retrieved PM2.5. The target area is California's San Joaquin Valley which has a history of poor particulate air quality and where such correlations have not yielded good results. We have used MODIS AOD, OMI AOD, AAOD (absorption aerosol optical depth) and NO2 concentration, and a seasonal parameter in a generalized additive model (GAM) to improve retrieved/observed PM2.5 correlations (r²) at six individual sites and for a data set combining all sites. For the combined data set using the GAM, r² improved to 0.69 compared with an r² of 0.27 for a simple linear regression of MODIS AOD to surface PM. Parameter sensitivities and the effect of multi-platform data on the sample size are discussed. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the PM retrieved using the GAM captures many of the PM exceedences that were not seen in the simple linear regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Parameter estimation
KW  - San Joaquin Valley (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 70452090; Strawa, A. W. 1; Email Address: anthony.w.strawa@nasa.gov; Chatfield, R. B. 1; Legg, M. 2; Scarnato, B. 3; Esswein, R. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California, USA; 3: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 11, p30563; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Parameter estimation; Subject: San Joaquin Valley (Calif.); Subject: California; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-30563-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fletcher, Lauren E.
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - Valdivia-Silva, Julio E.
AU  - Perez-Montaño, Saul
AU  - Condori-Apaza, Renee
AU  - Kovacs, Gregory T.A.
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Determination of low bacterial concentrations in hyperarid Atacama soils: comparison of biochemical and microscopy methods with real-time quantitative PCR.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
JF  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 57
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 953
EP  - 963
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084166
AB  - Hyperarid Atacama soils are reported to contain significantly reduced numbers of microbes per gram of soil relative to soils from other environments. Molecular methods have been used to evaluate microbial populations in hyperarid Atacama soils; however, conflicting results across the various studies, possibly caused by this low number of microorganisms and consequent biomass, suggest that knowledge of expected DNA concentrations in these soils becomes important to interpreting data from any method regarding microbial concentrations and diversity. In this paper we compare the number of bacteria per gram of Atacama Desert soils determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with the number of bacteria estimated by the standard methods of phospholipids fatty acid analysis, adenine composition (determined by liquid chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry), and SYBR-green microscopy. The number determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction as implemented in this study was several orders of magnitude lower than that determined by the other three methods and probably underestimates the concentrations of soil bacteria, most likely because of soil binding during the DNA extraction methods. However, the other methods very possibly overestimate the bacteria concentrations owing to desiccated, intact organisms, which would stain positive in microscopy and preserve both adenine and phospholipid fatty acid for the other methods. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les sols hyperarides du désert d'Atacama contiennent significativement moins de microbes par gramme de sol comparativement à des sols d'autres environnements. Des méthodes moléculaires ont été utilisées pour évaluer les populations microbiennes des sols hyperarides de l'Atacama; cependant, les résultats contradictoires de différentes études, possiblement à cause du faible nombre de microorganismes et de biomasse résultante, suggèrent qu'il devient important de connaître les concentrations attendues d'ADN dans ces sols afin d'interpréter les données de toute méthode qui vise à évaluer la concentration et la diversité microbiennes. Dans cet article, nous comparons le nombre de bactéries par gramme de sol du désert d'Atacama tel que déterminé par une réaction en chaine par polymérase quantitative en temps réel versus le nombre de bactéries estimé par les méthodes standard d'analyse des acides gras phospholipidiques, de composition en adénine (déterminée par chromatographie liquide - spectrométrie de masse à temps de vo), et de microscopie au SYBR-green. La réaction en chaine par polymérase quantitative en temps réel mise en œuvre dans cette étude était de plusieurs ordres de grandeur inférieure aux trois autres méthodes et sous-estimait probablement les concentrations bactériennes du sol, vraisemblablement à cause de la fixation de sol lors de l'extraction de l'ADN. Toutefois, les autres méthodes surestiment très probablement les concentrations bactériennes à cause de la présence d'organismes intacts desséchés qui pourraient être colorés et apparaître positifs en microscopie et dont les contenus en adénine et en acide gras phospholipidique pourraient être préservés. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Microbiology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - Soil microbiology
KW  - POPULATION biology
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Quantitative research
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Chile
KW  - ADN du sol
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - désert d'Atacama
KW  - environnement hyperaride
KW  - hyperarid environment
KW  - qPCR en temps réel
KW  - real-time qPCR
KW  - soil DNA
KW  - ADN du sol
KW  - désert d'Atacama
KW  - environnement hyperaride
KW  - qPCR en temps réel
N1  - Accession Number: 71528972; Fletcher, Lauren E. 1,2; Conley, Catharine A. 3; Valdivia-Silva, Julio E. 2; Perez-Montaño, Saul 2,4; Condori-Apaza, Renee 5; Kovacs, Gregory T.A. 6; Glavin, Daniel P. 7; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Park Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.; 2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; 3: Planetary Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA.; 4: San Jose State University, Department of Chemistry, San Jose, CA 95192-0101, USA.; 5: Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú.; 6: Stanford University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305-9505, USA.; 7: Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Code 699 Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 57 Issue 11, p953; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Thesaurus Term: Soil microbiology; Thesaurus Term: POPULATION biology; Subject Term: Polymerase chain reaction; Subject Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Quantitative research; Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Subject: Chile; Author-Supplied Keyword: ADN du sol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: désert d'Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: environnement hyperaride; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperarid environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: qPCR en temps réel; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time qPCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil DNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: ADN du sol; Author-Supplied Keyword: désert d'Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: environnement hyperaride; Author-Supplied Keyword: qPCR en temps réel; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/w11-091
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, P. Diane
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Charter Renewal.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/11//11/ 1/2011
VL  - 76
IS  - 211
M3  - Article
SP  - 67482
EP  - 67482
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article announces the issuance of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) notice with regards to the renewal and amendment of the NASA Advisory Council charter concerning the performance of duties imposed on NASA.
KW  - CONSTITUTIONAL amendments
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69902778; Rausch, P. Diane 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 11/ 1/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 211, p67482; Subject Term: CONSTITUTIONAL amendments; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dotson, K.T.
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Yuan, Z.-G.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
T1  - Laminar smoke points of coflowing flames in microgravity
JO  - Fire Safety Journal
JF  - Fire Safety Journal
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 550
EP  - 555
SN  - 03797112
AB  - Abstract: Laminar smoke points were measured in nonbuoyant laminar jet diffusion flames in coflowing air. Microgravity was obtained on board the International Space Station. A total of 55 smoke points were found for ethylene, propane, propylene, and propylene/nitrogen mixtures. Burner diameters were 0.41, 0.76, and 1.6mm, and coflow velocities varied from 5.4 to 65cm/s. These flames allow extensive control over residence time via variations in dilution, burner diameter, and coflow velocity. The measured smoke-point lengths scaled with d −0.91 u  air 0.41, where d is burner diameter and u  air  is coflow velocity. The measurements yielded estimates of sooting propensities of the present fuels in microgravity diffusion flames. Analytical models of residence times in gas jet flames are presented, and although residence time helps explain many of the observed trends it does not correlate the measured smoke points. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Smoke
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Laminar flow
KW  - Flame
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Mixtures
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Laminar gas jet diffusion flames
KW  - Residence time
KW  - Soot
KW  - International Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 66405174; Dotson, K.T. 1; Sunderland, P.B. 1; Email Address: pbs@umd.edu; Yuan, Z.-G. 2; Urban, D.L. 3; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland, Department of Fire Protection Engineering, 3104 J.M. Patterson Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p550; Thesaurus Term: Smoke; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Subject Term: Laminar flow; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Mixtures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar gas jet diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residence time; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot ; Company/Entity: International Space Station; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.08.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Sun-Mack, Szedung
AU  - Young, David F.
AU  - Heck, Patrick W.
AU  - Garber, Donald P.
AU  - Chen, Yan
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Arduini, Robert F.
AU  - Trepte, Qing Z.
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
AU  - Gibson, Sharon C.
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Hong, Gang
AU  - Chakrapani, Venkatesan
AU  - Takano, Yoshihide
AU  - Liou, Kuo-Nan
AU  - Xie, Yu
AU  - Yang, Ping
T1  - CERES Edition-2 Cloud Property Retrievals Using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS Data—Part I: Algorithms.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/11//Nov2011 Part 2 Part 2
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4374
EP  - 4400
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Project was designed to improve our understanding of the relationship between clouds and solar and longwave radiation. This is achieved using satellite broad-band instruments to map the top-of-atmosphere radiation fields with coincident data from satellite narrow-band imagers employed to retrieve the properties of clouds associated with those fields. This paper documents the CERES Edition-2 cloud property retrieval system used to analyze data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Visible and Infrared Scanner and by the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites covering the period 1998 through 2007. Two daytime retrieval methods are explained: the Visible Infrared Shortwave-infrared Split-window Technique for snow-free surfaces and the Shortwave-infrared Infrared Near-infrared Technique for snow or ice-covered surfaces. The Shortwave-infrared Infrared Split-window Technique is used for all surfaces at night. These methods, along with the ancillary data and empirical parameterizations of cloud thickness, are used to derive cloud boundaries, phase, optical depth, effective particle size, and condensed/frozen water path at both pixel and CERES footprint levels. Additional information is presented, detailing the potential effects of satellite calibration differences, highlighting methods to compensate for spectral differences and correct for atmospheric absorption and emissivity, and discussing known errors in the code. Because a consistent set of algorithms, auxiliary input, and calibrations across platforms are used, instrument and algorithm-induced changes in the data record are minimized. This facilitates the use of the CERES data products for studying climate-scale trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Climate
KW  - cloud
KW  - cloud remote sensing
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
KW  - Land surface
KW  - MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Pixel
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Sea surface
KW  - Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS)
N1  - Accession Number: 66906191; Minnis, Patrick 1; Sun-Mack, Szedung 2; Young, David F. 1; Heck, Patrick W. 3; Garber, Donald P. 1; Chen, Yan 2; Spangenberg, Douglas A. 2; Arduini, Robert F. 2; Trepte, Qing Z. 2; Smith, William L. 4; Ayers, J. Kirk 2; Gibson, Sharon C. 2; Miller, Walter F. 2; Hong, Gang 2; Chakrapani, Venkatesan 2; Takano, Yoshihide 5; Liou, Kuo-Nan 6; Xie, Yu 7; Yang, Ping 7; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center , Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 4: Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering and the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 6: Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering and the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA , USA; 7: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station , TX, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011 Part 2 Part 2, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p4374; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pixel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS); Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2144601
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Sun-Mack, Szedung
AU  - Chen, Yan
AU  - Khaiyer, Mandana M.
AU  - Yi, Yuhong
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
AU  - Brown, Ricky R.
AU  - Dong, Xiquan
AU  - Gibson, Sharon C.
AU  - Heck, Patrick W.
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Nordeen, Michele L.
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Trepte, Qing Z.
AU  - Xi, Baike
T1  - CERES Edition-2 Cloud Property Retrievals Using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS Data—Part II: Examples of Average Results and Comparisons With Other Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/11//Nov2011 Part 2 Part 2
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4401
EP  - 4430
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Cloud properties were retrieved by applying the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project Edition-2 algorithms to 3.5 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Visible and Infrared Scanner data and 5.5 and 8 years of MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from Aqua and Terra, respectively. The cloud products are consistent quantitatively from all three imagers; the greatest discrepancies occur over ice-covered surfaces. The retrieved cloud cover (\sim59%) is divided equally between liquid and ice clouds. Global mean cloud effective heights, optical depth, effective particle sizes, and water paths are 2.5 km, 9.9, 12.9 \mu\m, and 80 \g\cdot \m^-2, respectively, for liquid clouds and 8.3 km, 12.7, 52.2 \mu\m, and 230 \g\cdot \m^-2 for ice clouds. Cloud droplet effective radius is greater over ocean than land and has a pronounced seasonal cycle over southern oceans. Comparisons with independent measurements from surface sites, the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite, and the Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–Earth Observing System are used to evaluate the results. The mean CERES and MODIS Atmosphere Science Team cloud properties have many similarities but exhibit large discrepancies in certain parameters due to differences in the algorithms and the number of unretrieved cloud pixels. Problem areas in the CERES algorithms are identified and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - CLOUD computing
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Climate
KW  - cloud
KW  - cloud remote sensing
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
KW  - Ice
KW  - Integrated optics
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Pixel
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS)
N1  - Accession Number: 66906192; Minnis, Patrick 1; Sun-Mack, Szedung 2; Chen, Yan 2; Khaiyer, Mandana M. 2; Yi, Yuhong 2; Ayers, J. Kirk 2; Brown, Ricky R. 2; Dong, Xiquan 3; Gibson, Sharon C. 2; Heck, Patrick W. 4; Lin, Bing 5; Nordeen, Michele L. 2; Nguyen, Louis 1; Palikonda, Rabindra 2; Smith, William L. 1; Spangenberg, Douglas A. 2; Trepte, Qing Z. 2; Xi, Baike 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks , ND, USA; 4: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, WI, USA; 5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA , USA; Issue Info: Nov2011 Part 2 Part 2, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p4401; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: CLOUD computing; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pixel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS); NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2144602
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin, Rodney A.
T1  - Errata for “A State-Space Approach to Optimal Level-Crossing Prediction for Linear Gaussian Processes”.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
PY  - 2011/11//
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 57
IS  - 11
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 7658
EP  - 7658
SN  - 00189448
AB  - Several corrections to the article "A State-Space Approach to Optimal Level-Crossing Prediction for Linear Gaussian Process" in the previous issue is presented.
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - PERIODICALS -- Articles
KW  - PUBLICATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 67194850; Source Information: Nov2011, Vol. 57 Issue 11, p7658; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: PERIODICALS -- Articles; Subject Term: PUBLICATIONS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Correction notice; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIT.2011.2160614
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=67194850&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Chenxi
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - Heidinger, Andrew K.
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Holz, Robert E.
T1  - Retrieval of Ice Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Particle Size Using a Fast Infrared Radiative Transfer Model.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2283
EP  - 2297
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - A computationally efficient radiative transfer model (RTM) is developed for the inference of ice cloud optical thickness and effective particle size from satellite-based infrared (IR) measurements and is aimed at potential use in operational cloud-property retrievals from multispectral satellite imagery. The RTM employs precomputed lookup tables to simulate the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiances (or brightness temperatures) at 8.5-, 11-, and 12- μm bands. For the clear-sky atmosphere, the optical thickness of each atmospheric layer resulting from gaseous absorption is derived from the correlated- k-distribution method. The cloud reflectance, transmittance, emissivity, and effective temperature are precomputed using the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (DISORT). For an atmosphere containing a semitransparent ice cloud layer with a visible optical thickness τ smaller than 5, the TOA brightness temperature differences (BTDs) between the fast model and the more rigorous DISORT results are less than 0.1 K, whereas the BTDs are less than 0.01 K if τ is larger than 10. With the proposed RTM, the cloud optical and microphysical properties are retrieved from collocated observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) in conjunction with the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data. Comparisons between the retrieved ice cloud properties (optical thickness and effective particle size) based on the present IR fast model and those from the Aqua/MODIS operational collection-5 cloud products indicate that the IR retrievals are smaller. A comparison between the IR-retrieved ice water path (IWP) and CALIOP-retrieved IWP shows robust agreement over most of the IWP range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Spectrophotometers
KW  - Emissivity
KW  - Reflectance
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Cloud retrieval
N1  - Accession Number: 67291918; Wang, Chenxi 1; Yang, Ping 1; Baum, Bryan A. 2; Platnick, Steven 3; Heidinger, Andrew K. 4; Hu, Yongxiang 5; Holz, Robert E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 2: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, Wisconsin; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p2283; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Subject Term: Spectrophotometers; Subject Term: Emissivity; Subject Term: Reflectance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud retrieval; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-067.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulenburg, Gerald
T1  - Managing by Henry Mintzberg.
JO  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
JF  - Journal of Product Innovation Management
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 988
EP  - 989
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 07376782
AB  - The article reviews the book "Managing," by Henry Mintzberg.
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - MINTZBERG, Henry, 1939-
KW  - MANAGING (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 66355495; Mulenburg, Gerald 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (Retired); Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 28 Issue 6, p988; Thesaurus Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: MANAGING (Book); People: MINTZBERG, Henry, 1939-; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1111/j.1540-5885.2011.00855.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palumbo, Dan
AU  - Klos, Jacob
T1  - The effects of voids and recesses on the transmission loss of honeycomb sandwich panels.
JO  - Noise Control Engineering Journal
JF  - Noise Control Engineering Journal
Y1  - 2011/11//Nov/Dec2011
VL  - 59
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 631
EP  - 640
PB  - Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA
SN  - 07362501
AB  - Sandwich honeycomb composite panels are lightweight and strong, and, therefore, provide a reasonable alternative to the aluminum ring frame/stringer architecture currently used for most aircraft airframes. One drawback to honeycomb panels is that they radiate noise into the aircraft cabin very efficiently provoking the need for additional sound treatment which adds weight and reduces the material's cost advantage. A series of honeycomb panels was made which incorporated different design strategies aimed at reducing the honeycomb panels' radiation efficiency while at the same time maintaining their strength. The majority of the designs were centered on the concept of creating areas of reduced stiffness in the panel by adding voids and recesses to the core. The effort culminated with a reinforced/recessed panel which had 6 dB higher transmission loss than the baseline solid core panel while maintaining comparable strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Noise Control Engineering Journal is the property of Institute of Noise Control Engineering of the USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Honeycomb structures
KW  - Sandwich construction (Materials)
KW  - Plates (Engineering)
KW  - Structural analysis (Engineering)
KW  - Niches (Architecture)
KW  - Transmission of sound
N1  - Accession Number: 70209131; Palumbo, Dan 1; Email Address: d.l.palumbo@nasa.gov; Klos, Jacob 1; Email Address: j.klos@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 463, Hampton, VA 23681; Issue Info: Nov/Dec2011, Vol. 59 Issue 6, p631; Subject Term: Honeycomb structures; Subject Term: Sandwich construction (Materials); Subject Term: Plates (Engineering); Subject Term: Structural analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: Niches (Architecture); Subject Term: Transmission of sound; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halekas, J.S.
AU  - Saito, Y.
AU  - Delory, G.T.
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
T1  - New views of the lunar plasma environment
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1681
EP  - 1694
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: A rich set of new measurements has greatly expanded our understanding of the Moon–plasma interaction over the last sixteen years, and helped demonstrate the fundamentally kinetic nature of many aspects thereof. Photon and charged particle impacts act to charge the lunar surface, forming thin Debye-scale plasma sheaths above both sunlit and shadowed hemispheres. These impacts also produce photoelectrons and secondary electrons from the surface, as well as ions from the surface and exosphere, all of which in turn feed back into the plasma environment. The solar wind interacts with sub-ion-inertial-scale crustal magnetic fields to form what may be the smallest magnetospheres in the solar system. Proton gyro-motion, solar wind pickup of protons scattered from the dayside surface, and plasma expansion into vacuum each affect the dynamics and structure of different portions of the lunar plasma wake. The Moon provides us with a basic plasma physics laboratory for the study of fundamental processes, some of which we cannot easily observe elsewhere. At the same time, the Moon provides us with a test bed for the study of processes that also operate at many other solar system bodies. We have learned much about the Moon–plasma interaction, with implications for other space and planetary environments. However, many fundamental problems remain unsolved, including the details of the coupling between various parts of the plasma environment, as well as between plasma and the surface, neutral exosphere, and dust. In this paper, we describe our current understanding of the lunar plasma environment, including illustrative new results from Lunar Prospector and Kaguya, and outstanding unsolved problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Magnetic fields
KW  - Plasma (Ionized gases)
KW  - Photons
KW  - Collisions (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Electron scattering
KW  - Exosphere
KW  - Magnetosphere
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Moon
KW  - Plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 66408159; Halekas, J.S. 1,2; Email Address: jazzman@ssl.berkeley.edu; Saito, Y. 3; Delory, G.T. 1,2; Farrell, W.M. 2,4; Affiliations: 1: Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: NASA’s Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1681; Thesaurus Term: Magnetic fields; Subject Term: Plasma (Ionized gases); Subject Term: Photons; Subject Term: Collisions (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Electron scattering; Subject Term: Exosphere; Subject Term: Magnetosphere; Subject Term: Solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glenar, David A.
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
AU  - McCoy, James E.
AU  - Vondrak, Richard R.
T1  - A reanalysis of the Apollo light scattering observations, and implications for lunar exospheric dust
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1695
EP  - 1707
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Conspicuous excess brightness, exceeding that expected from coronal and zodiacal light (CZL), was observed above the lunar horizon in the Apollo 15 coronal photographic sequence acquired immediately after orbital sunset (surface sunrise). This excess brightness systematically faded as the Command Module moved farther into shadow, eventually becoming indistinguishable from the CZL background. These observations have previously been attributed to scattering by ultrafine dust grains (radius ∼0.1 microns) in the lunar exosphere, and used to obtain coarse estimates of dust concentration at several altitudes and an order-of-magnitude estimate of ∼10−9 gcm−2 for the column mass of dust near the terminator, collectively referred to as model “0”. We have reanalyzed the Apollo 15 orbital sunset sequence by incorporating the known sightline geometries in a Mie-scattering simulation code, and then inverting the measured intensities to retrieve exospheric dust concentration as a function of altitude and distance from the terminator. Results are presented in terms of monodisperse (single grain size) dust distributions. For a grain radius of 0.10 microns, our retrieved dust concentration near the terminator (∼0.010cm−3) is in agreement with model “0” at z=10km, as is the dust column mass (∼3–6×10−10 gcm−2), but the present results indicate generally larger dust scale heights, and much lower concentrations near 1km (<0.08cm−3 vs. a few times 0.1cm−3 for model “0"). The concentration of dust at high altitudes (z>50km) is virtually unconstrained by the measurements. The dust exosphere extends into shadow a distance somewhere between 100 and 200km from the terminator, depending on the uncertain contribution of CZL to the total brightness. These refined estimates of the distribution and concentration of exospheric dust above the lunar sunrise terminator should place new and more rigorous constraints on exospheric dust transport models, as well as provide valuable support for upcoming missions such as the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Light -- Scattering
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Exosphere
KW  - Dusty plasmas
KW  - Astronomical photometry
KW  - Orbital mechanics
KW  - Mie scattering
KW  - Horizon glow
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Lunar exosphere
KW  - Moon
KW  - Optical scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 66408164; Glenar, David A. 1,2; Email Address: dglenar@nmsu.edu; Stubbs, Timothy J. 2,3,4; McCoy, James E. 5; Vondrak, Richard R. 2,4; Affiliations: 1: Department. of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA; 2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1695; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Light -- Scattering; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Exosphere; Subject Term: Dusty plasmas; Subject Term: Astronomical photometry; Subject Term: Orbital mechanics; Subject Term: Mie scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horizon glow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical scattering; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Collier, Michael R.
AU  - Kent Hills, H.
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
AU  - Halekas, Jasper S.
AU  - Delory, Gregory T.
AU  - Espley, Jared
AU  - Farrell, William M.
AU  - Freeman, John W.
AU  - Vondrak, Richard
T1  - Lunar surface electric potential changes associated with traversals through the Earth's foreshock
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1727
EP  - 1743
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We report an analysis of one year of Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) Total Ion Detector (TID) “resonance” events observed between January 1972 and January 1973. The study includes only those events during which upstream solar wind conditions were readily available. The analysis shows that these events are associated with lunar traversals through the dawn flank of the terrestrial magnetospheric bow shock. We propose that the events result from an increase in lunar surface electric potential effected by secondary electron emission due to primary electrons in the Earth''s foreshock region (although primary ions may play a role as well). This work establishes (1) the lunar surface potential changes as the Moon moves through the terrestrial bow shock, (2) the lunar surface achieves potentials in the upstream foreshock region that differ from those in the downstream magnetosheath region, (3) these differences can be explained by the presence of energetic electron beams in the upstream foreshock region and (4) if this explanation is correct, the location of the Moon with respect to the terrestrial bow shock influences lunar surface potential. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Electric potential
KW  - Nuclear counters
KW  - Resonance
KW  - Magnetosphere
KW  - Electron emission
KW  - Shock (Mechanics)
KW  - Electron beams
KW  - Moon -- Surface
KW  - Moon
KW  - Bow shock
KW  - Foreshock
KW  - Lunar surface potential
KW  - Secondary electron emission
N1  - Accession Number: 66408174; Collier, Michael R. 1,2; Email Address: michael.r.collier@nasa.gov; Kent Hills, H. 1,3; Stubbs, Timothy J. 1,2,4; Halekas, Jasper S. 2,5; Delory, Gregory T. 2,5; Espley, Jared 1; Farrell, William M. 1,2; Freeman, John W. 6; Vondrak, Richard 1,2; Affiliations: 1: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: NASA's Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Adnet Systems, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; 4: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA; 5: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; 6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1727; Subject Term: Electric potential; Subject Term: Nuclear counters; Subject Term: Resonance; Subject Term: Magnetosphere; Subject Term: Electron emission; Subject Term: Shock (Mechanics); Subject Term: Electron beams; Subject Term: Moon -- Surface; Subject Term: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bow shock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foreshock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar surface potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Secondary electron emission; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marshall, J.
AU  - Richard, D.
AU  - Davis, S.
T1  - Electrical stress and strain in lunar regolith simulants
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1744
EP  - 1748
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Experiments to entrain dust with electrostatic and fluid-dynamic forces result in particulate clouds of aggregates rather than individual dust grains. This is explained within the framework of Griffith-flaw theory regarding the comminution/breakage of weak solids. Physical and electrical inhomogeneities in powders are equivalent to microcracks in solids insofar as they facilitate failure at stress risers. Electrical charging of powders induces bulk sample stresses similar to mechanical stresses experienced by strong solids, depending on the nature of the charging. A powder mass therefore “breaks” into clumps rather than separating into individual dust particles. This contrasts with the expectation that electrical forces on the Moon will eject a submicron population of dust from the regolith into the exosphere. A lunar regolith will contain physical and electrostatic inhomogeneities similar to those in most charged powders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Force & energy
KW  - Dusty plasmas
KW  - Electrostatics
KW  - Powder metallurgy
KW  - Fracture mechanics
KW  - Dust
KW  - Electrical stress
KW  - Griffith flaws
KW  - Moon
KW  - Powders
N1  - Accession Number: 66408184; Marshall, J. 1; Email Address: jmarshall@seti.org; Richard, D. 2; Email Address: denis.thomas.richard@nasa.gov; Davis, S. 3; Email Address: sanford.s.davis@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, 189 North Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: San Jose State University Research Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1744; Thesaurus Term: Strains & stresses (Mechanics); Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Force & energy; Subject Term: Dusty plasmas; Subject Term: Electrostatics; Subject Term: Powder metallurgy; Subject Term: Fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Griffith flaws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Powders; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.11.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobrick, Ryan L.
AU  - Klaus, David M.
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
T1  - Defining an abrasion index for lunar surface systems as a function of dust interaction modes and variable concentration zones
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1749
EP  - 1757
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Unexpected issues were encountered during the Apollo era of lunar exploration due to detrimental abrasion of materials upon exposure to the fine-grained, irregular shaped dust on the surface of the Moon. For critical design features involving contact with the lunar surface and for astronaut safety concerns, operational concepts and dust tolerance must be considered in the early phases of mission planning. To systematically define material selection criteria, dust interaction can be characterized by two-body or three-body abrasion testing, and sub-categorically by physical interactions of compression, rolling, sliding, and bending representing specific applications within the system. Two-body abrasion occurs when a single particle or asperity slides across a given surface removing or displacing material. Three-body abrasion occurs when multiple particles interact with a solid surface, or in between two surfaces, allowing the abrasives to freely rotate and interact with the material(s), leading to removal or displacement of mass. Different modes of interaction are described in this paper along with corresponding types of tests that can be utilized to evaluate each configuration. In addition to differential modes of abrasion, variable concentrations of dust in different zones can also be considered for a given system design and operational protocol. These zones include (1) outside the habitat where extensive dust exposure occurs, (2) in a transitional zone such as an airlock or suitport, and (3) inside the habitat or spacesuit with a low particle count. These zones can be used to help define dust interaction frequencies, and corresponding risks to the systems and/or crew can be addressed by appropriate mitigation strategies. An abrasion index is introduced that includes the level of risk, R, the hardness of the mineralogy, H, the severity of the abrasion mode, S, and the frequency of particle interactions, F. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Abrasion resistance
KW  - Dusty plasmas
KW  - Astronauts
KW  - Materials -- Compression testing
KW  - Systems design
KW  - Frequencies of oscillating systems
KW  - Moon -- Surface
KW  - Lunar exploration
KW  - Moon
KW  - ASTM International, formerly American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM )
KW  - Dust Management Project ( DMP )
KW  - Extravehicular Activity ( EVA )
KW  - Extravehicular Activity Systems ( EVAS )
KW  - Glenn Research Center ( GRC )
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA )
KW  - surface roughness ( Ra )
KW  - Surface systems
KW  - Three-body abrasion
KW  - Two-body abrasion
KW  - United States Geological Survey ( USGS )
KW  - University of Colorado at Boulder ( UCB )
KW  - Zeroline ( ZL )
KW  - Zone of Interaction ( ZOI )
KW  - Exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 66408189; Kobrick, Ryan L. 1; Email Address: Kobrick@Colorado.edu; Klaus, David M. 1; Email Address: Klaus@Colorado.edu; Street, Kenneth W. 2; Email Address: Kenneth.W.Street@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: University of Colorado at Boulder, 429 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1749; Subject Term: Abrasion resistance; Subject Term: Dusty plasmas; Subject Term: Astronauts; Subject Term: Materials -- Compression testing; Subject Term: Systems design; Subject Term: Frequencies of oscillating systems; Subject Term: Moon -- Surface; Subject Term: Lunar exploration; Subject Term: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: ASTM International, formerly American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust Management Project ( DMP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extravehicular Activity ( EVA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extravehicular Activity Systems ( EVAS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Glenn Research Center ( GRC ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: surface roughness ( Ra ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three-body abrasion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-body abrasion; Author-Supplied Keyword: United States Geological Survey ( USGS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: University of Colorado at Boulder ( UCB ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Zeroline ( ZL ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Zone of Interaction ( ZOI ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exploration; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.10.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pines, Vladimir
AU  - Zlatkowski, Marianna
AU  - Chait, Arnon
T1  - Lofted charged dust distribution above the Moon surface
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1803
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We developed kinetic theory for the charging processes of small dust grains near the lunar surface due to interaction with the anisotropic solar wind plasma. Once charged, these dust grains, which are exposed to the electric field in the sheath region near the lunar surface, could loft and distribute around such heights off the surface where they reach equilibrium with the local gravitational force. Analytical solutions were derived for the charging time, grain floating potential, and grain charge, characterizing the charging processes of small dust grains in a two-component and in a multi-component solar wind plasma, and further highlighting the unique features presented by the high streaming plasma velocity. We have also formulated a novel kinetic theory of sheath formation around an absorbing planar surface immersed in the anisotropic solar wind plasma in the case of a negligible photoelectric effect and presented solutions for the sheath structure. In this study we combined the results from these analyses and provided estimates for the size distribution function of dust that is expected to be lofted in regions dominated by the solar wind plasma, such as near the terminator and in nearby shadowed craters. Corresponding to the two dominant streaming velocity peaks of 300 and 800km/s, mean dust diameters of 500 and 350nm, respectively, are expected to be found at equilibrium at heights of relevance to exploration operations, e.g., around 1.5m height off the lunar surface. In shadowed craters near the terminator region, where isotropic plasma should be dominating, we estimate mean lofted dust diameter of 800nm around the same 1.5m height off the lunar surface. The generally applicable solutions could be used to readily calculate the expected lofted size distribution near the lunar surface as a function of plasma parameters, dust grain composition, and other parameters of interest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Plasma sheaths
KW  - Dusty plasmas
KW  - Solar wind
KW  - Kinetic theory of matter
KW  - Electric fields
KW  - Moon -- Surface
KW  - Moon
KW  - Dusty plasma
KW  - Moon environment
KW  - Plasma sheath formation
KW  - Solar wind plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 66408219; Pines, Vladimir; Email Address: vpines@oh.rr.com; Zlatkowski, Marianna 1; Chait, Arnon 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1795; Thesaurus Term: Anisotropy; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Plasma sheaths; Subject Term: Dusty plasmas; Subject Term: Solar wind; Subject Term: Kinetic theory of matter; Subject Term: Electric fields; Subject Term: Moon -- Surface; Subject Term: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dusty plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma sheath formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind plasma; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richard, D.T.
AU  - Glenar, D.A.
AU  - Stubbs, T.J.
AU  - Davis, S.S.
AU  - Colaprete, A.
T1  - Light scattering by complex particles in the Moon's exosphere: Toward a taxonomy of models for the realistic simulation of the scattering behavior of lunar dust
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1804
EP  - 1814
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: It is suspected that the lunar exosphere has a dusty component dispersed above the surface by various physical mechanisms. Most of the evidence for this phenomenon comes from observations of “lunar horizon glow” (LHG), which is thought to be produced by the scattering of sunlight by this exospheric dust. The characterization of exospheric dust populations at the Moon is key to furthering our understanding of fundamental surface processes, as well as a necessary requirement for the planning of future robotic and human exploration. We present a model to simulate the scattering of sunlight by complex lunar dust grains (i.e. grains that are non-spherical and can be inhomogeneous in composition) to be used in the interpretation of remote sensing data from current and future lunar missions. We numerically model lunar dust grains with several different morphologies and compositions and compute their individual scattering signatures using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). These scattering properties are then used in a radiative transfer code to simulate the light scattering due to a dust size distribution, as would likely be observed in the lunar exosphere at high altitudes 10''s of km. We demonstrate the usefulness and relevance of our model by examining mode: irregular grains, aggregate of spherical monomers and spherical grains with nano-phase iron inclusions. We subsequently simulate the scattering by two grain size distributions ( and radius), and show the results normalized per-grain. A similar methodology can also be applied to the analysis of the LHG observations, which are believed to be produced by scattering from larger dust grains within about a meter of the surface. As expected, significant differences in scattering properties are shown between the analyses employing the widely used Mie theory and our more realistic grain geometries. These differences include large variations in intensity as well as a positive polarization of scattered sunlight caused by non-spherical grains. Positive polarization occurs even when the grain size is small compared to the wavelength of incident sunlight, thus confirming that the interpretation of LHG based on Mie theory could lead to large errors in estimating the distribution and abundances of exospheric dust. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Sunshine
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Light -- Scattering
KW  - Exosphere
KW  - Taxonomy
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Approximation theory
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Dust
KW  - Moon
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 66408224; Richard, D.T. 1,2,3; Email Address: denis.thomas.richard@nasa.gov; Glenar, D.A. 3,4; Stubbs, T.J. 3,5,6; Davis, S.S. 2,3; Colaprete, A. 2,3; Affiliations: 1: San José State University Research Foundation, San José, California, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Research Park, Moffet Field, California, USA; 4: New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; 5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1804; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Sunshine; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Light -- Scattering; Subject Term: Exosphere; Subject Term: Taxonomy; Subject Term: Lunar dust; Subject Term: Approximation theory; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Auletta, Laura
AU  - Ginman, Richard
AU  - Connolly, Mindy S.
AU  - Pomponio, Leigh
T1  - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-54; Introduction.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2011/11/02/
VL  - 76
IS  - 212
M3  - Article
SP  - 68014
EP  - 68015
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article presents the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) rules agreed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Department of Defense (DoD), and the General Services Administration (GSA). A chart is presented which lists the rules in the Federal Acquisition Circular (FAC) 2005-54. It also explains the amendments made in the FAC.
KW  - GOVERNMENT purchasing -- Law & legislation
KW  - LEGISLATIVE amendments
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Defense
KW  - UNITED States. General Services Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 69902948; Auletta, Laura 1,2; Ginman, Richard 3; Connolly, Mindy S. 4; Pomponio, Leigh 5; Affiliations: 1: Acting Director, Office of Governmentwide Acquisition Policy; 2: Office of Acquisition Policy, Office of Governmentwide Policy; 3: Director, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy; 4: Chief Acquisition Officer U.S. General Services Administration; 5: Procurement Analyst, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 11/2/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 212, p68014; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT purchasing -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: LEGISLATIVE amendments; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Defense ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. General Services Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gronoff, Guillaume
AU  - Wedlund, Cyril Simon
T1  - Auroral Formation and Plasma Interaction Between Magnetized Objects Simulated With the Planeterrella.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
Y1  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 39
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2712
EP  - 2713
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The Planeterrella is a space plasma simulator, based on Kristian Birkeland's historical experiment, the “Terrella.” This device not only makes it possible to simulate interactions between an electrode and a magnetized sphere in many different geometries but also to simulate interactions between two magnetized spheres. Such configurations allow the visualization of phenomena unknown to Birkeland, such as an emitting body (Io) immersed in a magnetosphere (Jupiter) or the aurora on the night side of a planet where one magnetic pole points toward the Sun (Uranus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE plasmas
KW  - SPACE simulators
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - MAGNETIC pole
KW  - PLASMA devices
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - GLOW discharges
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - PLANETS -- Ionospheres
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 67086440; Source Information: Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p2712; Subject Term: SPACE plasmas; Subject Term: SPACE simulators; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC pole; Subject Term: PLASMA devices; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: GLOW discharges; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Ionospheres; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2147804
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
T1  - Spectrally and Spatially Resolved Radiance Measurement in High-Speed Shock Waves for Planetary Entry.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
Y1  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 39
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2718
EP  - 2719
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Three-dimensional images of absolute radiance as a function of position and wavelength are obtained for shock-heated plasmas traveling in a shock tube at velocities near Mach 30. Vacuum optics coupled to a shock tube are used to image the shock onto four separate spectrometers, which, in turn, disperse the radiation in wavelength onto intensified CCD arrays covering selected spectral ranges from the vacuum ultraviolet (> 120\ \nm) through midwave infrared (<5000\ \nm). Quantitative radiometry performed in this fashion is used to benchmark radiative heating codes used in sizing spacecraft thermal protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - ELECTRIC shock
KW  - ELECTRON tubes
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - VEHICLES
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - PLASMA diagnostics
N1  - Accession Number: 67086761; Source Information: Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p2718; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: ELECTRIC shock; Subject Term: ELECTRON tubes; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: VEHICLES; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: PLASMA diagnostics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2162255
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weatherford, Brandon R.
AU  - Foster, John E.
AU  - Kamhawi, Hani
T1  - Visible Plume From a Low-Power ECR Waveguide Plasma Cathode for Electric Propulsion Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
Y1  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 39
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2942
EP  - 2943
SN  - 00933813
AB  - A waveguide ECR plasma cathode is being investigated as a long-lived alternative to thermionic emitter-based electron sources for ion beam neutralization in electric propulsion systems. The present device can deliver up to 4.2 A of electron current, on argon or xenon, with low power consumption and high gas utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA waveguides
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC devices
KW  - MICROWAVE antennas
KW  - PROPULSION systems
N1  - Accession Number: 67086408; Source Information: Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p2942; Subject Term: PLASMA waveguides; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC devices; Subject Term: MICROWAVE antennas; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2138722
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Häkkinen, Sirpa
AU  - Rhines, Peter B.
AU  - Worthen, Denise L.
T1  - Atmospheric Blocking and Atlantic Multidecadal Ocean Variability.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/11/04/
VL  - 334
IS  - 6056
M3  - Article
SP  - 655
EP  - 659
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Atmospheric blocking over the northern North Atlantic, which involves isolation of large regions of air from the westerly circulation for 5 days or more, influences fundamentally the ocean circulation and upper ocean properties by affecting wind patterns. Winters with clusters of more frequent blocking between Greenland and western Europe correspond to a warmer, more saline subpolar ocean. The correspondence between blocked westerly winds and warm ocean holds in recent decadal episodes (especially 1996 to 2010). It also describes much longer time scab Atlantic multidecadal ocean variability (AMV), including the extreme pre—greenhouse-gas northern warming of the 1930s to 1960s. The space-time structure of the wind forcing associated with a blocked regime reads to weaker ocean gyres and weaker heat exchange, both of which contribute to the warm phase of AMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean-atmosphere interaction
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Blocking (Meteorology)
KW  - Ocean circulation
KW  - Global warming -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Energy transfer
KW  - North Atlantic Region
N1  - Accession Number: 67357873; Häkkinen, Sirpa 1; Email Address: sirpa.hakkinen@nasa.gov; Rhines, Peter B. 2; Worthen, Denise L. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: University of Washington, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 3: Wyle Information Systems/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: 11/4/2011, Vol. 334 Issue 6056, p655; Thesaurus Term: Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Blocking (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Ocean circulation; Thesaurus Term: Global warming -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Heat transfer; Subject Term: Energy transfer; Subject Term: North Atlantic Region; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1205683
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Cantrell, C.
AU  - Olson, J.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Weibring, P.
AU  - Walega, J.
AU  - Richter, D.
AU  - Junkermann, W.
AU  - Volkamer, R.
AU  - Sinreich, R.
AU  - Heikes, B. G.
AU  - O'Sullivan, D.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Blake, N.
AU  - Meinardi, S.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Knapp, D.
AU  - Perring, A.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - Detailed comparisons of airborne formaldehyde measurements with box models during the 2006 INTEX-B and MILAGRO campaigns: potential evidence for significant impacts of unmeasured and multi-generation volatile organic carbon compounds.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/11/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 11867
EP  - 11894
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Detailed comparisons of airborne CH2O measurements acquired by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy with steady state box model calculations were carried out using data from the 2006 INTEX-B and MILARGO campaign in order to improve our understanding of hydrocarbon oxidation processing. This study includes comparisons over Mexico (including Mexico City), the Gulf of Mexico, parts of the continental United States near the Gulf coast, as well as the more remote Pacific Ocean, and focuses on comparisons in the boundary layer. Select previous comparisons in other campaigns have highlighted some locations in the boundary layer where steady state box models have tended to underpredict CH2O, suggesting that standard steady state modeling assumptions might be unsuitable under these conditions, and pointing to a possible role for unmeasured hydrocarbons and/or additional primary emission sources of CH2O. Employing an improved instrument, more detailed measurement-model comparisons with better temporal overlap, up-to-date measurement and model precision estimates, up-to-date rate constants, and additional modeling tools based on both Lagrangian and Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) runs, we have explained much of the disagreement between observed and predicted CH2O as resulting from non-steady-state atmospheric conditions in the vicinity of large pollution sources, and have quantified the disagreement as a function of plume lifetime (processing time). We show that in the near field (within ~4 to 6 h of the source), steady-state models can either over-or-underestimate observations, depending on the predominant non-steady-state influence. In addition, we show that even far field processes (10-40 h) can be influenced by non-steady-state conditions which can be responsible for CH2O model underestimations by ~20 %. At the longer processing times in the 10 to 40 h range during Mexico City outflow events, MCM model calculations, using assumptions about initial amounts of high-order NMHCs, further indicate the potential importance of CH2O produced from unmeasured and multi-generation hydrocarbon oxidation compounds, particularly methylglyoxal, 3-hydroxypropanal, and butan-3-one-al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Carbon compounds
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Spectrum analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 70317378; Fried, A. 1; Email Address: fried@ucar.edu; Cantrell, C. 2; Olson, J. 3; Crawford, J. H. 3; Weibring, P. 1; Walega, J. 1; Richter, D. 1; Junkermann, W. 4; Volkamer, R. 5; Sinreich, R. 5; Heikes, B. G. 6; O'Sullivan, D. 7; Blake, D. R. 8; Blake, N. 8; Meinardi, S. 8; Apel, E. 2; Weinheimer, A. 2; Knapp, D. 2; Perring, A. 9; Cohen, R. C. 9; Affiliations: 1: The National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Laboratory, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: The National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, 3450 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; 5: The University of Colorado, Dept. of Chemistry, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: The University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA; 7: United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA; 8: University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 9: University of California, Berkeley, Berkley, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 22, p11867; Thesaurus Term: Formaldehyde; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Carbon compounds; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-11867-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klonecki, A.
AU  - Pommier, M.
AU  - Clerbaux, C.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Cammas, J.-P.
AU  - Coheur, P.-F.
AU  - Cozic, A.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Hadji-Lazaro, J.
AU  - Hauglustaine, D. A.
AU  - Hurtmans, D.
AU  - Khattatov, B.
AU  - Lamarque, J.-F.
AU  - Law, K. S.
AU  - Nedelec, P.
AU  - Paris, J.-D.
AU  - Podolske, J. R.
AU  - Prunet, P.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Szopa, S.
T1  - Assimilation of IASI satellite CO fields into a global chemistry transport model for validation against aircraft measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 31689
EP  - 31734
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - A modelling system for assimilation of CO total columns measured by the IASI/MetOp was developed. The system, based on a sub-optimal Kalman filter coupled with the LMDz-INCA chemistry transport model, allows both assimilating long periods of historical data and making rapid forecasts of the CO concentrations in the middle troposphere based on latest available measurements. Tests of the forecast system were conducted during the international POLARCAT campaigns. A specific treatment that takes into account the representativeness of observations at the scale of the model grid is applied to the IASI CO columns and associated errors before their assimilation in the model. This paper presents the results of assimilation of eight months of historical satellite data measured in 2008. Comparisons of the assimilated CO profiles with independent in situ CO measurements from the MOZAIC program and the POLARCAT aircraft campaigns indicate that the assimilation leads to a considerable improvement of the model simulations in the middle troposphere as compared with a control run with no assimilation. Model biases in the simulation of background values are reduced and improvement in the simulation of very high concentrations is observed. The improvement is due to the transport by the model of the information present in the IASI CO retrievals. The consistency of the improvement contributes to the validation of the IASI CO data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Interferometers
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Kalman filtering
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
N1  - Accession Number: 72279037; Klonecki, A. 1; Email Address: andrzej_klonecki@yahoo.fr; Pommier, M. 2,3,4; Clerbaux, C. 2,3,5; Ancellet, G. 2,3; Cammas, J.-P. 6,7; Coheur, P.-F. 5; Cozic, A. 8; Diskin, G. S. 9; Hadji-Lazaro, J. 2,3; Hauglustaine, D. A. 8; Hurtmans, D. 5; Khattatov, B. 10; Lamarque, J.-F. 10; Law, K. S. 2,3; Nedelec, P. 6,7; Paris, J.-D. 8; Podolske, J. R. 11; Prunet, P. 1; Schlager, H. 12; Szopa, S. 8; Affiliations: 1: NOVELTIS, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France; 2: UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Paris, France; 3: Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 4: Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 5: Spectroscopie de l'Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; 6: UPS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; 7: CNRS/INSU, LA (Laboratoire d'Aérologie), Toulouse, France; 8: LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Saclay, France; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 483, Hampton, USA; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035, USA; 12: DLR, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p31689; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Interferometers; Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Kalman filtering; Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 46p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-31689-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kohlhepp, R.
AU  - Ruhnke, R.
AU  - Chipperfield, M. P.
AU  - De Mazière, M.
AU  - Notholt, J.
AU  - Barthlott, S.
AU  - Batchelor, R. L.
AU  - Blatherwick, R. D.
AU  - Blumenstock, Th.
AU  - Coffey, M. T.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Fast, H.
AU  - Feng, W.
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Griffith, D. W. T.
AU  - Hamann, K.
AU  - Hannigan, J. W.
AU  - Hase, F.
AU  - Jones, N. B.
AU  - Kagawa, A.
T1  - Observed and simulated time evolution of HCl, ClONO2, and HF total column abundances.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 32085
EP  - 32160
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Time series of total column abundances of hydrogen chloride (HCl), chlorine nitrate (ClONO2), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) were determined from ground-based Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra recorded at 17 sites belonging to the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) and located between 80.05° N and 77.82° S. These measurements are compared with calculations from five different models: the two-dimensional Bremen model, the two chemistry-transport models KASIMA and SLIMCAT, and the two chemistry-climate models EMAC and SOCOL. The overall agreement between the measurements and models for the total column abundances and the seasonal cycles is good. Trends of HCl, ClONO2, and HF are calculated from both measurement and model time series data, with a focus on the time range 2000-2009. Their precision is estimated with the bootstrap resampling method. The sensitivity of the trend results with respect to the fitting function, the time of year chosen and time series length is investigated, as well as a bias due to the irregular sampling of the measurements. For the two chlorine species, a decrease is expected during this period because the emission of their prominent anthropogenic source gases (solvents, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)) was restricted by the Montreal Protocol 1987 and its amendments and adjustments. As most of the restricted source gases also contain fluorine, the HF total column abundance was also influenced by the above-mentioned regulations in the time period considered. The measurements and model results investigated here agree qualitatively on a decrease of the chlorine species by around -1% yr-1. The models simulate an increase of HF of around +1% yr-1. This also agrees well with most of the measurements, but some of the FTIR series in the Northern Hemisphere show a stabilisation or even a decrease in the last few years. In general, for all three gases, the measured trends vary more strongly with latitude and hemisphere than the modelled trends. Relative to the FTIR measurements, the models tend to underestimate the decreasing chlorine trends and to overestimate the fluorine increase in the Northern Hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrogen fluoride
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Hydrochloric acid
KW  - Chlorine nitrate
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Chemical models
N1  - Accession Number: 72279052; Kohlhepp, R. 1; Email Address: regina.kohlhepp@kit.edu; Ruhnke, R. 1; Chipperfield, M. P. 2; De Mazière, M. 3; Notholt, J. 4; Barthlott, S. 1; Batchelor, R. L. 5,6; Blatherwick, R. D. 7; Blumenstock, Th. 1; Coffey, M. T. 8; Demoulin, P. 9; Fast, H. 10; Feng, W. 2; Goldman, A. 7; Griffith, D. W. T. 11; Hamann, K. 1; Hannigan, J. W. 6; Hase, F. 1; Jones, N. B. 11; Kagawa, A. 12,13; Affiliations: 1: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany; 2: University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 3: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium; 4: University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen, Germany; 5: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO, USA; 7: University of Denver, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Denver, CO, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 9: University of Li ège, Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, Li ège, Belgium; 10: Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 11: Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia; 12: National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan; 13: Fujitsu FIP Corporation, Tokyo, Japan; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p32085; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen fluoride; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Hydrochloric acid; Subject Term: Chlorine nitrate; Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject Term: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Chemical models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 76p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-32085-2011
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dörnbrack, A.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Orsolini, Y. J.
AU  - Nishii, K.
AU  - Nakamura, H.
T1  - The 2009-2010 arctic stratospheric winter -- general evolution, mountain waves and predictability of an operational weather forecast model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 32535
EP  - 32582
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The relatively warm 2009-2010 Arctic winter was an exceptional one as the North Atlantic Oscillation index attained persistent extreme negative values. Here, selected aspects of the Arctic stratosphere during this winter inspired by the analysis of the international field experiment RECONCILE are presented. First of all, and as a kind of reference, the evolution of the polar vortex in its different phases is documented. Special emphasis is put on explaining the formation of the exceptionally cold vortex in mid winter after a sequence of stratospheric disturbances which were caused by upward propagating planetary waves. A major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) occurring near the end of January 2010 concluded the anomalous cold vortex period. Wave ice polar stratospheric clouds were frequently observed by spaceborne remotesensing instruments over the Arctic during the cold period in January 2010. Here, one such case observed over Greenland is analysed in more detail and an attempt is made to correlate flow information of an operational numerical weather prediction model to the magnitude of the mountain-wave induced temperature fluctuations. Finally, it is shown that the forecasts of the ECMWF ensemble prediction system for the onset of the major SSW were very skilful and the ensemble spread was very small. However, the ensemble spread increased dramatically after the major SSW, displaying the strong non-linearity and internal variability involved in the SSW event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - North Atlantic oscillation
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Mountain wave
KW  - Polar vortex
KW  - Prediction models
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 72279064; Dörnbrack, A. 1; Email Address: andreas.doernbrack@dlr.de; Pitts, M. C. 2; Poole, L. R. 3; Orsolini, Y. J. 4; Nishii, K. 5; Nakamura, H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681 USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, Virginia 23666 USA; 4: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; 5: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p32535; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: North Atlantic oscillation; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Mountain wave; Subject Term: Polar vortex; Subject Term: Prediction models; Subject Term: Arctic regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-32535-2011
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crumeyrolle, S.
AU  - Weigel, R.
AU  - Sellegri, K.
AU  - Roberts, G.
AU  - Gomes, L.
AU  - Stohl, A.
AU  - Laj, P.
AU  - Bourianne, T.
AU  - Etcheberry, J. M.
AU  - Villani, P.
AU  - Pichon, J. M.
AU  - Schwarzenboeck, A.
T1  - Impact of cloud processes on aerosol particle properties: results from two ATR-42 flights in an extended stratocumulus cloud layer during the EUCAARI campaign (2008).
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 33229
EP  - 33271
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Within the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project, the Meteo France research aircraft ATR-42 was operated from Rotterdam airport during May 2008, to perform scientific flights dedicated to the investigation of aerosol-cloud interactions. Therein, the objective of this study is to illustrate the impact of cloud processing on the aerosol particles physical and chemical properties. The presented results are retrieved from measurements during a double-flight mission from Rotterdam (Netherlands) to Newcastle (UK) and back using data measured with compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Cloud-related measurements during these flights were performed over the North Sea within as well as in close vicinity of a marine stratocumulus cloud layer. Particle physical and chemical properties observed in the close vicinity (V), below and above the stratocumulus cloud show strong differences. Firstly, measurements at constant altitude above the cloud layer show decreasing mass concentrations with decreasing horizontal distance (210-0 km) to the cloud layer by a factor up to 7, whereas below the cloud and by same means of distance, the mass concentrations merely decrease by a factor of 2 on average. Secondly, the averaged aerosol size distributions, observed above and below the cloud layer, are of bimodal character with pronounced minima between Aitken and accumulation mode which is potentially the consequence of cloud processing. Finally, the chemical composition of aerosol particles is strongly dependent on the location relative to the cloud layer (vicinity or below/above cloud). In general, the nitrate and organic fractions decrease with decreasing distance to the cloud, in the transit from cloud-free conditions towards the cloud boundaries. The decrease of nitrate and organic compounds ranges at a factor of three to ten, affecting sulfate and ammonium compounds to be increasingly abundant in the aerosol chemical composition while approaching the cloud layer. Finally, the chemical composition of non-refractory evaporated cloud droplets measured within the cloud shows increased fractions of nitrate and organics (with respect to concentrations found below clouds), but also large amounts of sulfate, thus, related to activation of particles, made up of soluble compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Stratocumulus clouds
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - Europe
KW  - Rotterdam (Netherlands)
KW  - Netherlands
N1  - Accession Number: 72279082; Crumeyrolle, S. 1,2; Email Address: suzanne.crumeyrolle@gmail.com; Weigel, R. 1,3; Sellegri, K. 1; Roberts, G. 4; Gomes, L. 4; Stohl, A. 5; Laj, P. 1,6; Bourianne, T. 4; Etcheberry, J. M. 4; Villani, P. 1,6; Pichon, J. M. 1; Schwarzenboeck, A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR6016, CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 3: Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; 4: Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Météo-France, Toulouse, URA1357, France; 5: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; 6: Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, Université de Grenoble 1/CNRS, UMR5183, Grenoble, France; Issue Info: 2011, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p33229; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Stratocumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject: Europe; Subject: Rotterdam (Netherlands); Subject: Netherlands; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 43p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-11-33229-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Robert
AU  - Glaze, Lori
AU  - Baloga, Stephen M.
T1  - Constraints on determining the eruption style and composition of terrestrial lavas from space.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 39
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1130
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - The surface temperatures of active lavas relate to cooling rates, chemistry, and eruption style. We analyzed 61 hyperspectral satellite images acquired by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion imaging spectrometer to document the surface temperature distributions of active lavas erupted at 13 volcanoes. Images were selected to encompass the range of common lava eruption styles, specifically, lava fountains, flows, lakes, and domes. Our results reveal temperature distributions for terrestrial lavas that correlate with composition (i.e., a statistically significant difference in the highest temperatures retrieved for mafic lavas and intermediate and felsic lavas) and eruption style. Maximum temperatures observed for mafic lavas are ~200 °C higher than for intermediate and felsic lavas. All eruption styles exhibit a low-temperature mode at ~300 °C; lava fountains and 'a' ā f lows also exhibit a higher-temperature mode at ~700 °C. The observed differences between the temperatures are consistent with the contrasting rates at which the lava surfaces are thermally renewed. Eruption styles that allow persistent and pervasive thermal renewal of the lava surface (e.g., fractured crusts on channel-fed 'a' ā f lows) exhibit a bimodal temperature distribution; eruption styles that do not (e.g., the continuous skin of pāhoehoe lavas) exhibit a single mode. We conclude that insights into composition and eruption style can only be gained remotely by analyzing a large spatio-temporal sample of data. This has implications for determining composition and eruption style at the Jovian moon Io, for which no in situ validation is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Volcanoes
KW  - Volcanic eruptions
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Lava
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Temperature distribution
KW  - Io (Satellite) -- Volcanism
KW  - Io (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 70066431; Wright, Robert 1; Email Address: wright@higp.hawaii.edu; Glaze, Lori 2; Baloga, Stephen M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Māoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 3: Proxemy Research Inc., 20528 Farcroft Lane, Gaithersberg, Maryland 20882, USA; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 39 Issue 12, p1127; Thesaurus Term: Volcanoes; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic eruptions; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Lava; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Temperature distribution; Subject Term: Io (Satellite) -- Volcanism; Subject Term: Io (Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G32341.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Current trends in mathematical simulation of the function of semicircular canals.
AU  - Kondrachuk, A.
AU  - Shipov, A.
AU  - Astakhova, T.
AU  - Boyle, R.
JO  - Human Physiology
JF  - Human Physiology
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
SP  - 802
EP  - 809
SN  - 03621197
N1  - Accession Number: 69867838; Author: Kondrachuk, A.: 1 Author: Shipov, A.: 2 Author: Astakhova, T.: 3 Author: Boyle, R.: 4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Institute of Physics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev Ukraine: 2 Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Russia: 3 Department of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow State University, Moscow Russia: 4 BioVis Technology Center NASA/Ames Research Center, San Francisco USA; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20111222
N2  - The review covers new trends in the simulation of the processes associated with the functioning of the semicircular canal (SC) system, i.e., the component of the vestibular apparatus responsible for the detection of angular movement of the head. The basic factor determining these trends is an increasing role of computers both in the research of mathematical models and in the direct simulation (imitation) of the SC structure, processes proceeding in SCs and conditions of the experiment. As shown by the analysis of the literature, at present, it is possible to distinguish the following trends in the development of SC simulation: (1) reconstruction models; (2) micro-simulation; (3) integrated models; (4) simulation models; (5) alternative models of SC functioning. Examples are given of publications presenting the present-day research in these fields. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *EQUILIBRIUM (Physiology)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - MATHEMATICS
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ding, Bolin
AU  - Zhao, Bo
AU  - Lin, Cindy Xide
AU  - Han, Jiawei
AU  - Zhai, Chengxiang
AU  - Srivastava, Asok
AU  - Oza, Nikunj C.
T1  - Efficient Keyword-Based Search for Top-K Cells in Text Cube.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
PY  - 2011/12//
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 23
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1810
SN  - 10414347
AB  - Previous studies on supporting free-form keyword queries over RDBMSs provide users with linked structures (e.g., a set of joined tuples) that are relevant to a given keyword query. Most of them focus on ranking individual tuples from one table or joins of multiple tables containing a set of keywords. In this paper, we study the problem of keyword search in a data cube with text-rich dimension(s) (so-called text cube). The text cube is built on a multidimensional text database, where each row is associated with some text data (a document) and other structural dimensions (attributes). A cell in the text cube aggregates a set of documents with matching attribute values in a subset of dimensions. We define a keyword-based query language and an IR-style relevance model for scoring/ranking cells in the text cube. Given a keyword query, our goal is to find the top-k most relevant cells. We propose four approaches: inverted-index one-scan, document sorted-scan, bottom-up dynamic programming, and search-space ordering. The search-space ordering algorithm explores only a small portion of the text cube for finding the top-k answers, and enables early termination. Extensive experimental studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KEYWORD searching
KW  - QUERY languages (Computer science)
KW  - RELATIONAL databases
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
KW  - TEXT files
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - DATA modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 66816157; Source Information: Dec2011, Vol. 23 Issue 12, p1795; Subject Term: KEYWORD searching; Subject Term: QUERY languages (Computer science); Subject Term: RELATIONAL databases; Subject Term: DYNAMIC programming; Subject Term: TEXT files; Subject Term: INDEXES; Subject Term: DATA modeling; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 0p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TKDE.2011.34
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Clowdsley, Martha S.
T1  - Variation in Lunar Neutron Dose Estimates.
JO  - Radiation Research
JF  - Radiation Research
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 176
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 827
EP  - 841
PB  - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.
SN  - 00337587
AB  - The radiation environment on the Moon includes albedo neutrons produced by primary particles interacting with the lunar surface. In this work, HZETRN2010 is used to calculate the albedo neutron contribution to effective dose as a function of shielding thickness for four different space radiation environments and to determine to what extent various factors affect such estimates. First, albedo neutron spectra computed with HZETRN2010 are compared to Monte Carlo results in various radiation environments. Next, the impact of lunar regolith composition on the albedo neutron spectrum is examined, and the variation on effective dose caused by neutron fluence-to-effective dose conversion coefficients is studied. A methodology for computing effective dose in detailed human phantoms using HZETRN2010 is also discussed and compared. Finally, the combined variation caused by environmental models, shielding materials, shielding thickness, regolith composition and conversion coefficients on the albedo neutron contribution to effective dose is determined. It is shown that a single percentage number for characterizing the albedo neutron contribution to effective dose can be misleading. In general, the albedo neutron contribution to effective dose is found to vary between 1-32%%, with the environmental model, shielding material and shielding thickness being the driving factors that determine the exact contribution. It is also shown that polyethylene or other hydrogen-rich materials may be used to mitigate the albedo neutron exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Research is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Polyethylene
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Neutrons -- Measurement
KW  - Shielding (Radiation)
N1  - Accession Number: 70339260; Slaba, Tony C. 1; Blattnig, Steve R. 1; Clowdsley, Martha S. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid St., MS 188E, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 176 Issue 6, p827; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Polyethylene; Subject Term: Albedo; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Neutrons -- Measurement; Subject Term: Shielding (Radiation); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tchebakova, N.
AU  - Parfenova, E.
AU  - Soja, A.
T1  - Climate change and climate-induced hot spots in forest shifts in central Siberia from observed data.
JO  - Regional Environmental Change
JF  - Regional Environmental Change
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 817
EP  - 827
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14363798
AB  - Regional Siberian studies have already registered climate warming over the last several decades. We evaluated ongoing climate change in central Siberia between 1991 and 2010 and a baseline period, 1961-1990, and between 1991 and 2010 and Hadley 2020 climate change projections, represented by the moderate B1 and severe A2 scenarios. Our analysis showed that winters are already 2-3°C warmer in the north and 1-2°C warmer in the south by 2010. Summer temperatures increased by 1°C in the north and by 1-2°C in the south. Change in precipitation is more complicated, increasing on average 10% in middle latitudes and decreasing 10-20% in the south, promoting local drying in already dry landscapes. Hot spots of possible forest shifts are modeled using our Siberian bioclimatic vegetation model and mountain vegetation model with respect to climate anomalies observed pre-2010 and predicted 2020 Hadley scenarios. Forests are predicted to shift northwards along the central Siberian Plateau and upslope in both the northern and southern mountains. South of the central Siberian Plateau, steppe advancement is predicted that was previously non-existent north of 56°N latitude. South of 56°N, steppe expansion is predicted in the dry environments of Khakasiya and Tyva. In the southern mountains, it is predicted that the lower tree line will migrate upslope due to increased dryness in the intermontane Tyvan basins. The hot spots of vegetation change that are predicted by our models are confirmed by regional literature data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Regional Environmental Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes -- Research
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Acclimatization
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - High temperatures
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Siberia (Russia)
KW  - Forest shift
KW  - Instrumental climate record
KW  - IPCC climate change projections
KW  - Siberia
N1  - Accession Number: 69698178; Tchebakova, N. 1; Email Address: ncheby@ksc.krasn.ru; Parfenova, E. 1; Soja, A. 2; Affiliations: 1: V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences Academgorodok, 660036 Krasnoyarsk Russia; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, Resident at NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420 Hampton 23681-2199 USA; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p817; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Research; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Acclimatization; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Subject Term: High temperatures; Subject Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject: Siberia (Russia); Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumental climate record; Author-Supplied Keyword: IPCC climate change projections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Siberia; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10113-011-0210-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D’Allura, Alessio
AU  - Kulkarni, Sarika
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - Finardi, Sandro
AU  - Adhikary, Bhupesh
AU  - Wei, Chao
AU  - Streets, David
AU  - Zhang, Qiang
AU  - Pierce, Robert B.
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim A.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Wennberg, Paul
T1  - Meteorological and air quality forecasting using the WRF–STEM model during the 2008 ARCTAS field campaign
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/12/11/
VL  - 45
IS  - 38
M3  - Article
SP  - 6901
EP  - 6910
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: In this study, the University of Iowa’s Chemical Weather Forecasting System comprising meteorological predictions using the WRF model, and off-line chemical weather predictions using tracer and full chemistry versions of the STEM model, designed to support the flight planning during the ARCTAS 2008 mission is described and evaluated. The system includes tracers representing biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions from different geographical emissions source regions, as well as air mass age indicators. We demonstrate how this forecasting system was used in flight planning and in the interpretation of the experimental data obtained through the case study of the summer mission ARCTAS DC-8 flight executed on July 9 2008 that sampled near the North Pole. The comparison of predicted meteorological variables including temperature, pressure, wind speed and wind direction against the flight observations shows that the WRF model is able to correctly describe the synoptic circulation and cloud coverage in the Arctic region The absolute values of predicted CO match the measured CO closely suggesting that the STEM model is able to capture the variability in observations within the Arctic region. The time–altitude cross sections of source region tagged CO tracers along the flight track helped in identifying biomass burning (from North Asia) and anthropogenic (largely China) as major sources contributing to the observed CO along this flight. The difference between forecast and post analysis biomass burning emissions can lead to significant changes (∼10–50%) in primary CO predictions reflecting the large uncertainty associated with biomass burning estimates and the need to reduce this uncertainty for effective flight planning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Wind speed
KW  - North Pole
KW  - Air quality forecasting
KW  - ARCTAS
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Chemical weather
N1  - Accession Number: 67113416; D’Allura, Alessio 1; Email Address: a.dallura@aria-net.it; Kulkarni, Sarika 2; Carmichael, Gregory R. 2; Finardi, Sandro 1; Adhikary, Bhupesh 2; Wei, Chao 2; Streets, David 3; Zhang, Qiang 3; Pierce, Robert B. 4; Al-Saadi, Jassim A. 5; Diskin, Glenn 5; Wennberg, Paul 6; Affiliations: 1: ARIANET, via Gilino 9, 20128 Milan, Italy; 2: The University of Iowa, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, Iowa City, IA, USA; 3: Argonne National Laboratory, DIS/900, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; 4: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 45 Issue 38, p6901; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Pressure; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Wind speed; Subject: North Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARCTAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical weather; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.073
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=67113416&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hecobian, A.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Hennigan, C. J.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Vay, S.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Kürten, A.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - Clair, J. St.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Weber, R. J.
T1  - Comparison of chemical characteristics of 495 biomass burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS/CARB-2008 field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/12/15/2011 Part 1
VL  - 11
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 13325
EP  - 13337
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This paper compares measurements of gaseous and particulate emissions from a wide range of biomass-burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the three phases of the ARCTAS-2008 experiment: ARCTAS-A, based out of Fairbanks, Alaska, USA (3 April to 19 April 2008); ARCTAS-B based out of Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (29 June to 13 July 2008); and ARCTAS-CARB, based out of Palmdale, California, USA (18 June to 24 June 2008). Approximately 500 smoke plumes from biomass burning emissions that varied in age from minutes to days were segregated by fire source region and urban emission influences. The normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMR) of gaseous (carbon dioxide, acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, toluene, benzene, methane, oxides of nitrogen and ozone) and fine aerosol particulate components (nitrate, sulfate, ammonium, chloride, organic aerosols and water soluble organic carbon) of these plumes were compared. A detailed statistical analysis of the different plume categories for different gaseous and aerosol species is presented in this paper. The comparison of NEMR values showed that CH4 concentrations were higher in air-masses that were influenced by urban emissions. Fresh biomass burning plumes mixed with urban emissions showed a higher degree of oxidative processing in comparison with fresh biomass burning only plumes. This was evident in higher concentrations of inorganic aerosol components such as sulfate, nitrate and ammonium, but not reflected in the organic components. Lower NOx NEMRs combined with high sulfate, nitrate and ammonium NEMRs in aerosols of plumes subject to long-range transport, when comparing all plume categories, provided evidence of advanced processing of these plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Hydrocyanic acid
KW  - Smoke plumes in meteorology
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 72280022; Hecobian, A. 1,2; Email Address: arsineh@gatech.edu; Liu, Z. 1; Hennigan, C. J. 1,3; Huey, L. G. 1; Jimenez, J. L. 4; Cubison, M. J. 4; Vay, S. 5; Diskin, G. S. 5; Sachse, G. W. 5; Wisthaler, A. 6; Mikoviny, T. 6; Weinheimer, A. J. 7; Liao, J. 1; Knapp, D. J. 7; Wennberg, P. O. 8; Kürten, A. 9; Crounse, J. D. 8; Clair, J. St. 8; Wang, Y. 1; Weber, R. J. 1; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; 3: Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria; 7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 9: Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Issue Info: 2011 Part 1, Vol. 11 Issue 24, p13325; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Hydrocyanic acid; Subject Term: Smoke plumes in meteorology; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-13325-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=72280022&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
AU  - Liu, Xu
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Young, David F.
AU  - Phojanamongkolkij, Nipa
AU  - Sun-Mack, Sunny
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Chen, Yan
T1  - Detection of Atmospheric Changes in Spatially and Temporally Averaged Infrared Spectra Observed from Space.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/12/15/
VL  - 24
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 6392
EP  - 6407
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Variability present at a satellite instrument sampling scale (small-scale variability) has been neglected in earlier simulations of atmospheric and cloud property change retrievals using spatially and temporally averaged spectral radiances. The effects of small-scale variability in the atmospheric change detection process are evaluated in this study. To simulate realistic atmospheric variability, top-of-the-atmosphere nadir-view longwave spectral radiances are computed at a high temporal (instantaneous) resolution with a 20-km field-of-view using cloud properties retrieved from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements, along with temperature humidity profiles obtained from reanalysis. Specifically, the effects of the variability on the necessary conditions for retrieving atmospheric changes by a linear regression are tested. The percentage error in the annual 10° zonal mean spectral radiance difference obtained by assuming linear combinations of individual perturbations expressed as a root-mean-square (RMS) difference computed over wavenumbers between 200 and 2000 cm−1 is 10%%-15%% for most of the 10° zones. However, if cloud fraction perturbation is excluded, the RMS difference decreases to less than 2%%. Monthly and annual 10° zonal mean spectral radiances change linearly with atmospheric property perturbations, which occur when atmospheric properties are perturbed by an amount approximately equal to the variability of the10° zonal monthly deseasonalized anomalies or by a climate-model-predicted decadal change. Nonlinear changes in the spectral radiances of magnitudes similar to those obtained through linear estimation can arise when cloud heights and droplet radii in water cloud change. The spectral shapes computed by perturbing different atmospheric and cloud properties are different so that linear regression can separate individual spectral radiance changes from the sum of the spectral radiance change. When the effects of small-scale variability are treated as noise, however, the error in retrieved cloud properties is large. The results suggest the importance of considering small-scale variability in inferring atmospheric and cloud property changes from the satellite-observed zonally and annually averaged spectral radiance difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Cloud computing
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Climate records
N1  - Accession Number: 69627280; Kato, Seiji 1; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Rose, Fred G. 2; Liu, Xu 1; Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Kratz, David P. 1; Mlynczak, Martin G. 1; Young, David F. 1; Phojanamongkolkij, Nipa 3; Sun-Mack, Sunny 2; Miller, Walter F. 2; Chen, Yan 2; Affiliations: 1: ** Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science System & Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 3: Aeronautics System Engineering Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 24 Issue 24, p6392; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Subject Term: Cloud computing; Subject Term: Brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate records; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05005.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Privette, Charles V.
AU  - Khalilian, Ahmad
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Katzberg, Stephen
T1  - Utilizing space-based GPS technology to determine hydrological properties of soils
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/12/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3582
EP  - 3586
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Competition for limited water resources is one of the most critical issues being faced by irrigated agriculture in the United States. Site-specific irrigation applies irrigation water to match the needs of individual management zones within a field, significantly reducing water consumption, runoff, and nutrient leaching in ground water. Remote sensing for real-time and continuous soil moisture measurements at specific depths is essential for success of site-specific irrigation system. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a GPS-based sensor technology to determine site-specific information such as the soil moisture condition by recording the GPS signal reflected from the earth''s surface. A modified GPS Delay Mapping Receiver (DMR) tracks and measures the direct, line-of-sight, Right-Hand-Circularly Polarized signal of a GPS satellite. It also simultaneously measures the delayed, earth-reflected, near-specular, Left-Hand-Circularly Polarized GPS signal. These measurements can be used to estimate the surface scattering coefficient and path delays between the direct and reflected GPS signals. Over land, scattering coefficients can be used to estimate changes in soil moisture contents. Our results showed that the space-based technology has a great potential for determining soil volumetric moisture contents in the pursuit of site-specific irrigation management. There were strong correlations between the GPS reflectivity measurements and soil moisture contents. The GPS reflectivity increased as the soil moisture contents increased. Careful analysis of the test data showed very conclusively that the sensitivity of L-Band signal (1.575GHz) to soil moisture contents changed with soil type and sampling depth. The sensitivity decreased with sampling depth in light soils and increased in heavy soils. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Water supply
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Irrigation -- Management
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Feasibility studies
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - GPS
KW  - Site-specific irrigation
N1  - Accession Number: 67324615; Privette, Charles V. 1; Email Address: privett@clemson.edu; Khalilian, Ahmad 2; Email Address: akhlln@clemson.edu; Torres, Omar 3; Email Address: omar.torres@nasa.gov; Katzberg, Stephen 4; Email Address: SJkatzberg@scsu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, 247 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States; 2: Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, Edisto REC, Blackville, SC, United States; 3: NASA, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; 4: South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, United States; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 115 Issue 12, p3582; Thesaurus Term: Water supply; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Irrigation -- Management; Subject Term: Global Positioning System; Subject Term: Feasibility studies; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Site-specific irrigation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Browning, Grant
AU  - Carlsson, Leif A.
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
T1  - Modification of the edge crack torsion specimen for mode III delamination testing. Part II – experimental study.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2011/12/20/
VL  - 45
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 2633
EP  - 2640
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Experimental studies of carbon/epoxy edge crack torsion specimen have been conducted using a specially designed twist test fixture. Of particular concern was verification of the recommendations expressed in the analytical part of this study (Part 1), where it was suggested that overhang (sections of specimen laying outside of the loading and support pins) in the x- and y-directions should be minimized, and fracture testing at longer delamination lengths should be avoided. The experimental test results verified that the specimens with the smallest overhang produced the most consistent delamination toughness data, GIIIc. Specimens with large overhangs exhibited high apparent GIIIc values at long delamination lengths. This was most likely due to nonuniform loading and associated nonuniform delamination extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TORSION
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - TWIST drills
KW  - TEST methods
KW  - experimental evaluation
KW  - mode III delamination
KW  - test method
N1  - Accession Number: 67514202; Browning, Grant 1; Carlsson, Leif A. 1; Ratcliffe, James G. 2; Source Information: 12/20/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 25, p2633; Subject: TORSION; Subject: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject: EPOXY compounds; Subject: CARBON compounds; Subject: TWIST drills; Subject: TEST methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: experimental evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: mode III delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: test method; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 506
L3  - 10.1177/0021998311401115
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
AU  - Reeder, James R.
T1  - Sizing a single cantilever beam specimen for characterizing facesheet–core debonding in sandwich structure.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2011/12/20/
VL  - 45
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 2669
EP  - 2684
SN  - 00219983
AB  - This article details a procedure for sizing single cantilever beam (SCB) test specimens that are used to characterize facesheet–core debonding in sandwich structure. The characterization is accomplished by measuring the critical strain energy release rate, Gc, associated with the debonding process. The sizing procedure is based on an analytical representation of the SCB specimen, which models the specimen as a cantilever beam partially supported on an elastic foundation. This results in an approximate, closed-form solution for the compliance–debond length relationship of the specimen. The solution provides a series of limitations that can be imposed on the specimen dimensions to help ensure the specimen behaviour does not violate assumptions made in the derivation of the data reduction method used to calculate Gc. Application of the sizing procedure to actual sandwich systems yielded SCB specimen dimensions that would be practical for use. The method is specifically configured for incorporation into a draft testing protocol to be developed into an ASTM International testing standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - CANTILEVERS
KW  - BEAM dynamics
KW  - STRAIN (Physiology)
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - TEST methods
KW  - CORE materials
KW  - facesheet–core debonding
KW  - sandwich structure
KW  - test method
N1  - Accession Number: 67514203; Ratcliffe, James G. 1; Reeder, James R. 2; Source Information: 12/20/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 25, p2669; Subject: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject: CANTILEVERS; Subject: BEAM dynamics; Subject: STRAIN (Physiology); Subject: FORCE & energy; Subject: TEST methods; Subject: CORE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: facesheet–core debonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: test method; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 923
L3  - 10.1177/0021998311401116
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parrish, David D.
AU  - Singh, Hanwant B.
AU  - Molina, Luisa
AU  - Madronich, Sasha
T1  - Air quality progress in North American megacities: A review
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/12/21/
VL  - 45
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 7015
EP  - 7025
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Air quality progress in the North American megacities of Los Angeles, New York, and Mexico City is reviewed, compared, and contrasted. Enormous progress made in North America over the last 5 decades provides a template for other megacities of the world, especially in developing countries, attempting to achieve rapid economic growth without compromising air quality. While the progress to date has been impressive, many challenges remain including the need to improve air quality while simultaneously mitigating climate change. The impact of pollutant emissions from megacities is felt long distances away from the local sources but no policy mechanisms currently exist to mitigate air quality impacts resulting from such pollution transport. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Cities & towns
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Environmental policy
KW  - Economic development
KW  - North America
KW  - Megacities
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 67113345; Parrish, David D. 1; Email Address: David.D.Parrish@noaa.gov; Singh, Hanwant B. 2; Molina, Luisa 3; Madronich, Sasha 4; Affiliations: 1: NOAA, ESRL Chemical Science Division, 325 Broadway R/CSD7, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, San Diego, CA, USA; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 45 Issue 39, p7015; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Cities & towns; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Environmental policy; Subject Term: Economic development; Subject: North America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Megacities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Natraj, Vijay
AU  - Liu, Xiong
AU  - Kulawik, Susan
AU  - Chance, Kelly
AU  - Chatfield, Robert
AU  - Edwards, David P.
AU  - Eldering, Annmarie
AU  - Francis, Gene
AU  - Kurosu, Thomas
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth
AU  - Spurr, Robert
AU  - Worden, Helen
T1  - Multi-spectral sensitivity studies for the retrieval of tropospheric and lowermost tropospheric ozone from simulated clear-sky GEO-CAPE measurements
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/12/21/
VL  - 45
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 7151
EP  - 7165
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: One of the important science requirements of the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission is to be able to measure ozone with two degrees of freedom in the troposphere and sensitivity in the lowest 2 km (lowermost troposphere, LMT), in order to characterize air quality and boundary layer transport of pollution. Currently available remote sensing techniques utilize backscattered solar ultraviolet (UV) radiances or thermal infrared (TIR) emissions to perform ozone retrievals. However, in the TIR, measurement sensitivity to the LMT requires high thermal contrast between the Earth’s surface and the near-surface (tens to hundreds of meters above surface) atmosphere, while in the UV, the measurement sensitivity to the LMT is low because of Rayleigh scattering. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using multi-spectral intensity measurements in the UV, visible (VIS), mid infrared (MIR) and TIR, and polarization measurements in the UV/VIS, to improve tropospheric and lowermost tropospheric ozone retrievals. Simulations for 16 cloud and aerosol free atmospheric profiles spanning a range of ozone mixing ratios indicate that adding VIS measurements to UV measurements significantly enhances the sensitivity to lowermost tropospheric ozone, but only makes a slight improvement to the total degrees of freedom for signal (DFS). On the other hand, the combination of UV and TIR significantly improves the total DFS as well as the lowermost tropospheric DFS. The analysis presented here is a necessary and important first step for defining spectral regions that can meet the GEO-CAPE measurement requirements, and subsequently, the requirements for instrumentation. In this work, the principle of multi-spectral retrievals has been extended from previously published literature and we show that the UV + VIS, UV + TIR and UV + VIS + TIR combinations have the potential to meet the GEO-CAPE measurement requirements for tropospheric ozone. Our analysis includes errors from water and surface properties; further analysis is needed to include temperature, additional gas interferents, clouds, aerosols and more realistic surface properties. These simulations must be run on a much larger dataset, followed by OSSEs (Observing System Simulation Experiments), where simulated retrievals are assimilated into chemical-transport models, to quantitatively assess the impact of the proposed measurements for constraining the spatiotemporal distribution of ozone in the LMT for basic science studies and applications such as air quality forecasts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - GEO-CAPE
KW  - Geostationary platform
KW  - Multi-spectral
KW  - Retrieval
KW  - Sensitivity
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 67113363; Natraj, Vijay 1; Email Address: Vijay.Natraj@jpl.nasa.gov; Liu, Xiong 2; Kulawik, Susan 1; Chance, Kelly 2; Chatfield, Robert 3; Edwards, David P. 4; Eldering, Annmarie 1; Francis, Gene 4; Kurosu, Thomas 1; Pickering, Kenneth 5; Spurr, Robert 6; Worden, Helen 4; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 6: RT Solutions, Inc., 9 Channing Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Issue Info: Dec2011, Vol. 45 Issue 39, p7151; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEO-CAPE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geostationary platform; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-spectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=67113363&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hecobian, A.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Hennigan, C. J.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Vay, S.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Kürten, A.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - St.Clair, J.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Weber, R. J.
T1  - Comparison of chemical characteristics of 495 biomass burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS/CARB-2008 field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2011/12/30/2011 Part 2
VL  - 11
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 13325
EP  - 13337
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This paper compares measurements of gaseous and particulate emissions from a wide range of biomass burning plumes intercepted by the NASA DC-8 research aircraft during the three phases of the ARCTAS-2008 experiment: ARCTAS-A, based out of Fairbanks, Alaska, USA (3 April to 19 April 2008); ARCTAS-B based out of Cold Lake, Alberta, Canada (29 June to 13 July 2008); and ARCTASCARB, based out of Palmdale, California, USA (18 June to 24 June 2008). Approximately 500 smoke plumes from biomass burning emissions that varied in age from minutes to days were segregated by fire source region and urban emission influences. The normalized excess mixing ratios (NEMR) of gaseous (carbon dioxide, acetonitrile, hydrogen cyanide, toluene, benzene, methane, oxides of nitrogen and ozone) and fine aerosol particulate components (nitrate, sulfate. ammonium, chloride, organic aerosols and water soluble organic carbon) of these plumes were compared. A detailed statistical analysis of the different plume categories for different gaseous and aerosol species is presented in this paper. The comparison of NEMR values showed that CHa concentrations were higher in air-masses that were influenced by urban emissions. Fresh biomass burning plumes mixed with urban emissions showed a higher degree of oxidative processing in comparison with fresh biomass burning only plumes. This was evident in higher concentrations of inorganic aerosol components such as sulfate, nitrate and ammonium. but not reflected in the organic components. Lower NOx NEMRs combined with high sulfate, nitrate and ammonium NEMRs in aerosols of plumes subject to long-range transport, when comparing all plume categories, provided evidence of advanced processing of these plumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Aeronautics in earth sciences
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Biomass burning -- Environmental aspects
KW  - United States
KW  - Fairbanks (Alaska)
KW  - Alaska
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 74271819; Hecobian, A. 1,2; Email Address: arsineh@gatech.edu; Liu, Z. 1; Hennigan, C. J. 1,3; Huey, L. G. 1; Jimenez, J. L. 4; Cubison, M. J. 4; Vay, S. 5; Diskin, G. S. 5; Sachse, G. W. 5; Wisthaler, A. 6; Mikoviny, T. 6; Weinheimer, A. J. 7; Liao, J. 1; Knapp, D. J. 7; Wennberg, P. O. 8; Kürten, A. 9; Crounse, J. D. 8; St.Clair, J. 8; Wang, Y. 1; Weber, R. J. 1; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; 3: Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. USA; 4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Innsbruck University, Innsbruck, Austria; 7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: Atmospheric Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 9: Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Issue Info: 2011 Part 2, Vol. 11 Issue 24, p13325; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Aeronautics in earth sciences; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Subject Term: Biomass burning -- Environmental aspects; Subject: United States; Subject: Fairbanks (Alaska); Subject: Alaska ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-11-13325-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=74271819&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mona, L.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Müller, D.
AU  - Omar, A.
AU  - Papayannis, A.
AU  - Pappalardo, G.
AU  - Sugimoto, N.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
T1  - Lidar Measurements for Desert Dust Characterization: An Overview.
JO  - Advances in Meteorology
JF  - Advances in Meteorology
Y1  - 2012/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 36
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 16879309
AB  - We provide an overview of light detection and ranging (lidar) capability for describing and characterizing desert dust. This paper summarizes lidar techniques, observations, and fallouts of desert dust lidar measurements. The main objective is to provide the scientific community, including nonpractitioners of lidar observations with a reference paper on dust lidar measurements. In particular, it will fill the current gap of communication between research-oriented lidar community and potential desert dust data users, such as air quality monitoring agencies and aviation advisory centers. The current capability of the different lidar techniques for the characterization of aerosol in general and desert dust in particular is presented. Technical aspects and required assumptions of these techniques are discussed, providing readers with the pros and cons of each technique. Information about desert dust collected up to date using lidar techniques is reviewed. Lidar techniques for aerosol characterization have a maturity level appropriate for addressing air quality and transportation issues, as demonstrated by some first results reported in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Meteorology is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Deserts
KW  - Dust
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Aeronautics
KW  - Literature reviews
N1  - Accession Number: 86990819; Mona, L. 1; Email Address: mona@imaa.cnr.it; Liu, Z. 2; Müller, D. 2,3,4; Omar, A. 5; Papayannis, A. 6; Pappalardo, G. 1; Sugimoto, N. 7; Vaughan, M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA), C.da S. Loja, Potenza 85050 Tito Scalo, Italy; 2: Science Systems and ApplicationS Inc., c/o NASA Langley Research Center MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (IfT), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; 4: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 6: Laser Remote Sensing laboratory, Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; 7: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Issue Info: 2012, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Deserts; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Aeronautics; Subject Term: Literature reviews; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 36p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2012/356265
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=86990819&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dupont, R.
AU  - Pierce, B.
AU  - Worden, J.
AU  - Hair, J.
AU  - Fenn, M.
AU  - Hamer, P.
AU  - Natarajan, M.
AU  - Schaack, T.
AU  - Lenzen, A.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Knapp, D.
T1  - Attribution and evolution of ozone from Asian wild fires using satellite and aircraft measurements during the ARCTAS campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 188
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use ozone and carbon monoxide measurements from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), model estimates of Ozone, CO, and ozone pre-cursors from the Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS), and data from the NASA DC8 aircraft to characterize the source and dynamical evolution of ozone and CO in Asian wildfire plumes during the spring ARCTAS campaign 2008. On the 19 April, NASA DC8 O3 and aerosol Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) observed two biomass burning plumes originating from North-Western Asia (Kazakhstan) and South- Eastern Asia (Thailand) that advected eastward over the Pacific reaching North America in 10 to 12 days. Using both TES observations and RAQMS chemical analyses, we track the wildfire plumes from their source to the ARCTAS DC8 platform. In addition to photochemical production due to ozone pre-cursors, we find that exchange between the stratosphere and the troposphere is a major factor influencing O3 concentrations for both plumes. For example, the Kazakhstan and Siberian plumes at 55 degrees North is a region of significant springtime stratospheric/tropospheric exchange. Stratospheric air influences the Thailand plume after it is lofted to high altitudes via the Himalayas. Using comparisons of the model to the aircraft and satellite measurements, we estimate that the Kazakhstan plume is responsible for increases of O3 and CO mixing ratios by approximately 6.4 ppbv and 38 ppbv in the lower troposphere (height of 2 to 6 km), and the Thailand plume is responsible for increases of O3 and CO mixing ratios of approximately 11 ppbv and 71 ppbv in the upper troposphere (height of 8 to 12 km) respectively. However, there are significant sources of uncertainty in these estimates that point to the need for future improvements in both model and satellite observations. For example, it is challenging to characterize the fraction of air parcels from the stratosphere versus those from the fire because of the low sensitivity of the TES CO estimates used to mark stratospheric air versus air parcels affected by the smoke plume. Model transport uncertainties, such as too much dispersion, results in a broad plume structure from the Kazakhstan fires that is approximately 2 km lower than the plume observed by aircraft. Consequently, the model and TES data do not capture the photochemical production of ozone in the Kazakhstan plume that is apparent in the aircraft in situ data. However, ozone and CO distributions from TES and RAQMS model estimates of the Thailand plume are within the uncertainties of the TES data. Therefore, the RAQMS model is better able to characterize the emissions from this fire, the mixing of ozone from the stratosphere to the plume, and the photochemical production and transport of ozone and ozone pre-cursors as the plume moves across the Pacific. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Wildfires
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Thailand
N1  - Accession Number: 71892625; Dupont, R. 1; Email Address: richard.dupont@live.fr; Pierce, B. 2; Worden, J. 1; Hair, J. 3; Fenn, M. 4; Hamer, P. 1; Natarajan, M. 3; Schaack, T. 5; Lenzen, A. 5; Apel, E. 6; Dibb, J. 7; Diskin, G. 3; Huey, G. 8; Weinheimer, A. 6; Kondo, Y. 9; Knapp, D. 6; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Madison, WI, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: University of New Hampshire - EOS, Durham, NH, USA; 8: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 9: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p169; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Wildfires; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject: Thailand; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-169-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=71892625&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevens, R. G.
AU  - Pierce, J. R.
AU  - Brock, C. A.
AU  - Reed, M. K.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Holloway, J. S.
AU  - Ryerson, T. B.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
T1  - Nucleation and growth of sulfate aerosol in coal-fired power plant plumes: sensitivity to background aerosol and meteorology.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 189
EP  - 206
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - New-particle formation in the plumes of coal- fired power plants and other anthropogenic sulfur sources may be an important source of particles in the atmosphere. It remains unclear, however, how best to reproduce this formation in global and regional aerosol models with grid-box lengths that are 10s of kilometers and larger. The predictive power of these models is thus limited by the resultant uncertainties in aerosol size distributions. In this paper, we focus on sub-grid sulfate aerosol processes within coal-fired power plant plumes: the sub-grid oxidation of SO2 with condensation of H2SO4 onto newly-formed and pre-existing particles. We have developed a modeling framework with aerosol microphysics in the System for Atmospheric Modelling (SAM), a Large-Eddy Simulation/Cloud-Resolving Model (LES/CRM). The model is evaluated against aircraft observations of new-particle formation in two different power-plant plumes and reproduces the major features of the observations. We show how the downwind plume aerosols can be greatly modified by both meteorological and background aerosol conditions. In general, new-particle formation and growth is greatly reduced during polluted conditions due to the large pre-existing aerosol surface area for H2SO4 condensation and particle coagulation. The new-particle formation and growth rates are also a strong function of the amount of sunlight and NOx since both control OH concentrations. The results of this study highlight the importance for improved sub-grid particle formation schemes in regional and global aerosol models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Coal-fired power plants
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Effect of human beings on climatic changes
KW  - Particle size distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 71892626; Stevens, R. G. 1; Email Address: robin.stevens@dal.ca; Pierce, J. R. 1; Brock, C. A. 2; Reed, M. K. 3; Crawford, J. H. 4; Holloway, J. S. 2; Ryerson, T. B. 2; Huey, L. G. 5; Nowak, J. B. 2,6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; 2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 6: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p189; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Coal-fired power plants; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Effect of human beings on climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-189-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=71892626&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaveri, R. A.
AU  - Shaw, W. J.
AU  - Cziczo, D. J.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Alexander, M. L.
AU  - Alexandrov, M.
AU  - Alvarez, R. J.
AU  - Arnott, W. P.
AU  - Atkinson, D. B.
AU  - Baidar, S.
AU  - Banta, R. M.
AU  - Barnard, J. C.
AU  - Beranek, J.
AU  - Berg, L. K.
AU  - Brechtel, F.
AU  - Brewer, W. A.
AU  - Cahill, J. F.
AU  - Cairns, B.
AU  - Cappa, C. D.
T1  - Overview of the 2010 Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES).
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1299
EP  - 1400
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Substantial uncertainties still exist in the scientific understanding of the possible interactions between urban and natural (biogenic) emissions in the production and transformation of atmospheric aerosol and the resulting impact on climate change. The US Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program's Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) carried out in June 2010 in Central Valley, California, was a comprehensive effort designed to improve this understanding. The primary objective of the field study was to investigate the evolution of secondary organic and black carbon aerosols and their climate-related properties in the Sacramento urban plume as it was routinely transported into the forested Sierra Nevada foothills area. Urban aerosols and trace gases experienced significant physical and chemical transformations as they mixed with the reactive biogenic hydrocarbons emitted from the forest. Two heavily-instrumented ground sites -- one within the Sacramento urban area and another about 40 km to the northeast in the foothills area -- were set up to characterize the evolution of meteorological variables, trace gases, aerosol precursors, aerosol size, composition, and climate-related properties in freshly polluted and "aged" urban air. On selected days, the DOE G-1 aircraft was deployed to make similar measurements upwind and across the evolving Sacramento plume in the morning and again in the afternoon. The NASA B-200 aircraft, carrying remote sensing instruments, was also deployed to characterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols and aerosol optical properties within and around the plume. This overview provides: (a) the scientific background and motivation for the study, (b) the operational and logistical information pertinent to the execution of the study, (c) an overview of key observations and initial results from the aircraft and ground-based sampling platforms, and (d) a roadmap of planned data analyses and focused modeling efforts that will facilitate the integration of new knowledge into improved representations of key aerosol processes in climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Hydrocarbons -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Chemical precursors
KW  - Carbonaceous aerosols
KW  - Meteorological observations
N1  - Accession Number: 72452086; Zaveri, R. A. 1; Email Address: rahul.zaveri@pnnl.gov; Shaw, W. J. 1; Cziczo, D. J. 2; Schmid, B. 1; Ferrare, R. A. 3; Alexander, M. L. 4; Alexandrov, M. 5; Alvarez, R. J. 6; Arnott, W. P. 7; Atkinson, D. B. 8; Baidar, S. 8; Banta, R. M. 6; Barnard, J. C. 1; Beranek, J. 1; Berg, L. K. 1; Brechtel, F. 9; Brewer, W. A. 6; Cahill, J. F. 10; Cairns, B. 11; Cappa, C. D. 12; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; 2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; 5: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; 6: Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA; 8: Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA; 9: Brechtel Manufacturing, Inc, Hayward, CA, USA; 10: University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; 11: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA; 12: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p1299; Thesaurus Term: Environmental impact analysis; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Chemical precursors; Subject Term: Carbonaceous aerosols; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 102p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 19 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-1299-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=72452086&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David
AU  - Leslie, David S.
AD  - Ames Research Center, NASA and Santa Fe Institute
AD  - U Bristol
T1  - Information Theory and Observational Limitations in Decision Making
JO  - B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics
JF  - B.E. Journal of Theoretical Economics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
SN  - 19351704
N1  - Accession Number: 1379082; Keywords: Information;  Signaling; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201307
N2  - An agent, who cares about signaling his ability, chooses among different projects that generate observable outcomes. The agent's information about which project delivers a good outcome depends on both his ability and his effort. This paper examines how the agent's incentives for effort change depending on whether or not the agent's project choice is observed. If this choice is publicly observed, the agent's project choice is distorted towards particular types of projects. When the outcomes of these advantaged projects are particularly sensitive to the agent's information, such transparency boosts the agent's information-gathering incentives. However, when public observation of project choice leads the agent to choose information-insensitive projects, then such transparency dampens incentives. This provides a more nuanced view of the implications of action transparency in the literature on career concerns for experts.
KW  - Consumer Economics: Theory          D11
KW  - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty          D81
KW  - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design          D82
KW  - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief          D83
L3  - http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bejte
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1379082&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/bejte
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104380393
T1  - Ocular toxicity of authentic lunar dust.
AU  - Meyers, Valerie E
AU  - Garcìa, Hector D
AU  - Monds, Kathryn
AU  - Cooper, Bonnie L
AU  - James, John T
Y1  - 2012/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 104380393. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130426. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 100967802. 
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Dust -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Eye Diseases -- Chemically Induced
KW  - Occupational Diseases
KW  - Occupational Exposure -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Research Personnel
KW  - Animal Studies
KW  - Dust -- Analysis
KW  - Eye Diseases -- Diagnosis
KW  - Human
KW  - Occupational Diseases -- Diagnosis
KW  - Particle Size
KW  - Rabbits
SP  - 26
EP  - 26
JO  - BMC Ophthalmology
JF  - BMC Ophthalmology
JA  - BMC OPHTHALMOL
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 1471-2415
AD  - Space Toxicology Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, MC: SF23, Houston, 77058, TX. john.t.james@nasa.gov.
U2  - PMID: 22817808.
DO  - 10.1186/1471-2415-12-26
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104380393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Ronald E.
AU  - Denery, Dallas G.
AU  - Kendrick, David A.
AU  - Mehra, Raman K.
AD  - San Jose State U
AD  - NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
AD  - U TX
AD  - Scientific Systems Company Inc, Woburn, MA
T1  - Introduction to the Works of Rodney C. Wingrove: Engineering Approaches to Macroeconomic Modeling
JO  - Computational Economics
JF  - Computational Economics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 71
EP  - 76
SN  - 09277099
N1  - Accession Number: 1275905; Keywords: Debt; Named Person: Wingrove, Rodney C.; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201201
N2  - A continuous-time control model was formulated and fitted to macroeconomic data by an expert control engineer who worked at NASA-AMES in the 1980s, Rodney C. Wingrove. Two articles were prepared and made available to the aerospace industry at that time, however the authors feel that wider distribution of his study posthumously is warranted at this time. This introduction to the two Wingrove articles that follow provides background information on the technologies Wingrove was working with, as well as subsequent developments in both macroeconomic and engineering modeling and analysis technology. Our purpose is to stimulate further research along the same lines which can potentially lead to structural and/or policy rule improvements that can prevent the extremely turbulent aberrations that have been seen in recent years, and promote steady growth with low inflation and low unemployment in a sustainable way. Of particular concern is the exploding national debt problem.
KW  - Relation of Economics to Other Disciplines          A12
KW  - History of Economic Thought: Individuals          B31
KW  - National Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt          H63
L3  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10614
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1275905&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10614-011-9298-3
UR  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10614
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingrove, Rodney C.
AU  - Davis, Ronald E.
AD  - NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
AD  - San Jose State U
T1  - Classical Linear-Control Analysis Applied to Business-Cycle Dynamics and Stability
JO  - Computational Economics
JF  - Computational Economics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 77
EP  - 98
SN  - 09277099
N1  - Accession Number: 1275906; Keywords: Business Cycle;  Cycle;  Fluctuation;  Macroeconomics; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201201
N2  - Classical linear-control analysis provides a framework for studying dynamic systems involving random disturbances. This framework is used to develop a set of equations that, in historical perspective, combine traditional concepts about the dynamics of economic systems and about the effects of random economic disturbances. This set of equations provides relationships among well-known ideas in general macroeconomics and provides a means to interrelate and examine ideas about stabilization policies. In this study, linear-control analysis is applied as an aid in understanding the fluctuations of business cycles in the past, and to examine monetary policies that might improve stabilization. The analysis shows how different policies change the frequency and damping of the economic system dynamics, and how they modify the amplitude of the fluctuations that are caused by random disturbances. Examples are used to show how policy feedbacks and policy lags can be incorporated, and how different monetary strategies for stabilization can be analytically compared. Representative numerical results are used to illustrate the main points.
KW  - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory          C44
KW  - Business Fluctuations; Cycles          E32
L3  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10614
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1275906&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10614-011-9299-2
UR  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10614
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wingrove, Rodney C.
AU  - Davis, Ronald E.
AD  - NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
AD  - San Jose State U
T1  - Manual-Control Analysis Applied to the Money Supply Control Task
JO  - Computational Economics
JF  - Computational Economics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
SP  - 99
EP  - 111
SN  - 09277099
N1  - Accession Number: 1275907; Keywords: Business Cycle;  Cycle;  Economic Fluctuations;  Fluctuation;  Monetary;  Money;  Money Supply;  Output;  Stabilization;  Supply; Publication Type: Journal Article; Update Code: 201201
N2  - The recent procedure implemented by the Federal Reserve Board to control the money supply is formulated in the form of a tracking model as used in the study of manual-control tasks. Using this model, an analysis is made to determine the effect of monetary control on the fluctuations in economic output. The results indicate that monetary control can reduce the amplitude of fluctuations at frequencies near the region of historic business cycles. However, with significant time lags in the control loop, monetary control tends to increase the amplitude of the fluctuations at the higher frequencies. The study outlines how the investigator or student can use the tools developed in the field of manual-control analysis to study the nature of economic fluctuations and to examine different strategies for stabilization.
KW  - Operations Research; Statistical Decision Theory          C44
KW  - Macroeconomics: Production          E23
KW  - Business Fluctuations; Cycles          E32
KW  - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers          E51
KW  - Monetary Policy          E52
KW  - Comparative or Joint Analysis of Fiscal and Monetary Policy; Stabilization; Treasury Policy          E63
L3  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10614
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ecn&AN=1275907&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10614-011-9301-z
UR  - http://link.springer.com/journal/volumesAndIssues/10614
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, H.
AU  - Seo, D.-J.
AU  - Liu, Y.
AU  - Koren, V.
AU  - McKee, P.
AU  - Corby, R.
T1  - Variational assimilation of streamflow into operational distributed hydrologic models: effect of spatiotemporal adjustment scale.
JO  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions
JF  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 138
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18122108
AB  - State updating of distributed rainfall-runoff models via streamflow assimilation is subject to overfitting because large dimensionality of the state space of the model may render the assimilation problem seriously under-determined. To examine the issue in the context of operational hydrology, we carry out a set of real-world experiments in which streamflow data is assimilated into gridded Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) and kinematic-wave routing models of the US National Weather Service (NWS) Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (RDHM) with the variational data assimilation technique. Study basins include four basins in Oklahoma and five basins in Texas. To assess the sensitivity of data assimilation performance to dimensionality reduction in the control vector, we used nine different spatiotemporal adjustment scales, where state variables are adjusted in a lumped, semi-distributed, or distributed fashion and biases in precipitation and potential evaporation (PE) are adjusted hourly, 6-hourly, or kept time-invariant. For each adjustment scale, three different streamflow assimilation scenarios are explored, where streamflow observations at basin interior points, at the basin outlet, or at both interior points and the outlet are assimilated. The streamflow assimilation experiments with nine different basins show that the optimum spatiotemporal adjustment scale varies from one basin to another and may be different for streamflow analysis and prediction in all of the three streamflow assimilation scenarios. The most preferred adjustment scale for seven out of nine basins is found to be the distributed, hourly scale, despite the fact that several independent validation results at this adjustment scale indicated the occurrence of overfitting. Basins with highly correlated interior and outlet flows tend to be less sensitive to the adjustment scale and could benefit more from streamflow assimilation. In comparison to outlet flow assimilation, interior flow assimilation at any adjustment scale produces streamflow predictions with a spatial correlation structure more consistent with that of streamflow observations. We also describe diagnosing the complexity of the assimilation problem using the spatial correlation information associated with the streamflow process, and discuss the effect of timing errors in a simulated hydrograph on the performance of the data assimilation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Variation (Biology)
KW  - Streamflow
KW  - Hydrologic models
KW  - Spatio-temporal variation
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Evaporative power
N1  - Accession Number: 71773291; Lee, H. 1,2; Email Address: haksu.lee@noaa.gov; Seo, D.-J. 1,2,3; Liu, Y. 1,2,4; Koren, V. 1; McKee, P. 5; Corby, R. 5; Affiliations: 1: Hydrology Laboratory, NOAA/National Weather Service, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA; 2: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0308, USA; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: NOAA, National Weather Service, West Gulf River Forecast Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p93; Thesaurus Term: Variation (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Streamflow; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic models; Thesaurus Term: Spatio-temporal variation; Thesaurus Term: Runoff; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Subject Term: Evaporative power; Number of Pages: 46p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/hessd-9-93-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Ernest
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
AU  - Hardy, Robin C.
AU  - Boitnott, Richard L.
T1  - Assessment of Soil Modeling Capability for Orion Contingency Land Landing.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2012/01//
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 131
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Twenty-one swing tests were conducted at the NASA Langley Landing and Impact Research (LandIR) Facility in 2006 to evaluate Orion boilerplate ground landings as a function of impact velocity and pitch. In this article, experimental results from two capsule swing tests and three vertical drop tests are compared with numerical results. The numerical results were derived by using the nonlinear dynamic finite-element code LS-DYNA. The swing tests were conducted at 0° and -15° pitch, impacting a level soil mat at a 17.68 m/s (58 fps) horizontal velocity and 1.52 m/s (5 fps) vertical impact velocity. Three vertical drop tests were conducted with the boilerplate capsule at 0° pitch. Each test was conducted to measure the impact on a level soil mat with varying impact velocities: 3.66 m/s, 7.31 m/s, and 10.97 m/s (12, 24, and 36 fps). Results of the study show the potential of using numerical modeling for vertical drop test and swing test simulations. Discrepancies between the numerical and experimental simulations primarily stem from the nonuniformity and complexity of soil behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORION (Constellation)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - LANDING (Aeronautics)
KW  - SOIL composition
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 71815654; Source Information: Jan2012, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p125; Subject Term: ORION (Constellation); Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: LANDING (Aeronautics); Subject Term: SOIL composition; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000089
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=71815654&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 108108206
T1  - Long-duration space flight and bed rest effects on testosterone and other steroids.
AU  - Smith SM
AU  - Heer M
AU  - Wang Z
AU  - Huntoon CL
AU  - Zwart SR
AU  - Smith, Scott M
AU  - Heer, Martina
AU  - Wang, Zuwei
AU  - Huntoon, Carolyn L
AU  - Zwart, Sara R
Y1  - 2012/01//2012 Jan
N1  - Accession Number: 108108206. Language: English. Entry Date: 20121116. Revision Date: 20161117. Publication Type: journal article; clinical trial; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; USA. Grant Information: UL1 RR029876/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 0375362. 
KW  - Bed Rest -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Sex Hormones -- Metabolism
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Testosterone -- Metabolism
KW  - Adult
KW  - Bone and Bones -- Metabolism
KW  - Bone and Bones -- Physiology
KW  - Sex Hormones -- Analysis
KW  - Sex Hormones -- Blood
KW  - Sex Hormones -- Urine
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Testosterone -- Analysis
KW  - Testosterone -- Blood
KW  - Testosterone -- Urine
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Weightlessness
KW  - Clinical Trials
SP  - 270
EP  - 278
JO  - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
JF  - Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
JA  - J CLIN ENDOCRINOL METAB
VL  - 97
IS  - 1
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
AB  - Context: Limited data suggest that testosterone is decreased during space flight, which could contribute to bone and muscle loss.Objective: The main objective was to assess testosterone and hormone status in long- and short-duration space flight and bed rest environments and to determine relationships with other physiological systems, including bone and muscle.Design: Blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after long-duration space flight. Samples were also collected before and after 12- to 14-d missions and from participants in 30- to 90-d bed rest studies.Setting: Space flight studies were conducted on the International Space Station and before and after Space Shuttle missions. Bed rest studies were conducted in a clinical research center setting. Data from Skylab missions are also presented.Participants: All of the participants were male, and they included 15 long-duration and nine short-duration mission crew members and 30 bed rest subjects.Main Outcome Measures: Serum total, free, and bioavailable testosterone were measured along with serum and urinary cortisol, serum dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and SHBG.Results: Total, free, and bioavailable testosterone was not changed during long-duration space flight but were decreased (P < 0.01) on landing day after these flights and after short-duration space flight. There were no changes in other hormones measured. Testosterone concentrations dropped before and soon after bed rest, but bed rest itself had no effect on testosterone.Conclusions: There was no evidence for decrements in testosterone during long-duration space flight or bed rest.
SN  - 0021-972X
AD  - Space Life Sciences Directorate, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc, Houston, Texas 77058, USA
AD  - Space Life Sciences Directorate, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc, Houston, Texas 77058, USA. scott.m.smith@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 22049169.
DO  - 10.1210/jc.2011-2233
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairweather, Stacey
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Crabtree, Robert
AU  - Shuang Li
T1  - A Comparison of Multispectral ASTER and Hyperspectral AVIRIS Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis for Sagebrush and Herbaceous Cover in Yellowstone.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 78
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 33
SN  - 00991112
AB  - Remote sensing techniques can provide information on habitat quality, biodiversity, and cover change at the regional scales of sagebrush-steppe dominated systems and with the repeatability necessary for resource management. In this paper, we present the results of multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis applied to Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) and Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AviRis) imagery, comparing affects of seasonality and spectral resolution on the discrimination of soil, grass/forb, and sagebrush abundance in Yellowstone National Park. Our results showed that AVIRIS, despite late season phenology, correlated well with herbaceous and sagebrush cover field measurements (R2 = 0.77 and 0.75, respectively), utilizing high spectral resolution to separate soils from vegetation. However, ASTER-derived values during peak green correlated best with field measurements (0.75 and 0.78). These results demonstrated an effective method to monitor semi-arid regions with readily available imagery and highlight applications for future hyperspectral satellite missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - Sagebrush
KW  - Herbaceous plants
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 70252586; Fairweather, Stacey 1; Potter, Christopher 2; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Crabtree, Robert 3; Shuang Li 2; Affiliations: 1: Montana State University, 2327 University Way, 3rd Floor, Bozeman, MT 59715; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035; 3: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, 2048 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718; Issue Info: Jan2012, Vol. 78 Issue 1, p23; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Subject Term: Sagebrush; Subject Term: Herbaceous plants; Subject: Yellowstone National Park; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111421 Nursery and Tree Production; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - di Lauro, Carlo
AU  - Lattanzi, Franca
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Vander Auwera, Jean
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - High resolution investigation of the 7μm region of the ethane spectrum
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 101
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Building upon previous studies, we re-investigated the ethane spectrum between 1330 and 1610cm−1 by combining unapodized spectra obtained at room temperature with a Bruker Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) in Brussels and at 131K with a Bruker FTS in Pasadena. The maximum optical path differences (MOPD) of the two datasets were 450 and 323.7cm, corresponding to spectral resolutions of 0.0020 and 0.0028cm−1, respectively. Of the 15,000 lines observed, over 4592 transitions were assigned to the ν6 (at 1379cm−1), ν8 (at 1472cm−1), ν4+ν12 (at 1481cm−1) and 2ν4+ν9 (at 1388cm−1) bands, and another 1044 transitions were located for the ν4+ν8−ν4 hot band (at 1472cm−1). Our new analysis included an improved implementation of the Hamiltonian calculation needed to interpret the complex spectral structures caused by numerous interactions affecting these four modes of vibration. From these results, we created the first line-by-line database containing the molecular parameters for over 20,000 12C2H6 transitions at 7μm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ethanes
KW  - High resolution imaging
KW  - Fourier transform spectroscopy
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Hamiltonian systems
KW  - Phase transformations (Physics)
KW  - Ethane
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Intensities
KW  - Line positions
KW  - Molecular database
KW  - Theoretical Hamiltonian
N1  - Accession Number: 70261647; di Lauro, Carlo 1; Lattanzi, Franca 1; Brown, Linda R. 2; Email Address: linda.r.brown@jpl.nasa.gov; Sung, Keeyoon 2; Vander Auwera, Jean 3; Mantz, Arlan W. 4; Smith, Mary Ann H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Università di Napoli Federico II, 49 via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 3: Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, C.P. 160/09, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; 4: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA; 5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: Jan2012, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p93; Thesaurus Term: Ethanes; Subject Term: High resolution imaging; Subject Term: Fourier transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Hamiltonian systems; Subject Term: Phase transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line positions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular database; Author-Supplied Keyword: Theoretical Hamiltonian; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bramall, Nathan E.
AU  - Quinn, Richard
AU  - Mattioda, Andrew
AU  - Bryson, Kathryn
AU  - Chittenden, Julie D.
AU  - Cook, Amanda
AU  - Taylor, Cindy
AU  - Minelli, Giovanni
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Ricco, Antonio J.
AU  - Squires, David
AU  - Santos, Orlando
AU  - Friedericks, Charles
AU  - Landis, David
AU  - Jones, Nykola C.
AU  - Salama, Farid
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
AU  - Hoffmann, Søren V.
T1  - The development of the Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) experiment aboard the Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) satellite
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 121
EP  - 130
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) experiment is one of two scientific payloads aboard the triple-cube satellite Organism/ORganic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS). O/OREOS is the first technology demonstration mission of the NASA Astrobiology Small Payloads Program. The 1-kg, 1000-cm3 SEVO cube is investigating the chemical evolution of organic materials in interstellar space and planetary environments by exposing organic molecules under controlled conditions directly to the low-Earth orbit (LEO) particle and electromagnetic radiation environment. O/OREOS was launched on November 19, 2010 into a 650-km, 72°-inclination orbit and has a nominal operational lifetime of six months. Four classes of organic compounds, namely an amino acid, a quinone, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and a metallo-porphyrin are being studied. Initial reaction conditions were established by hermetically sealing the thin-film organic samples in self-contained micro-environments. Chemical changes in the samples caused by direct exposure to LEO radiation and by interactions with the irradiated microenvironments are monitored in situ by ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/VIS/NIR) absorption spectroscopy using a novel compact fixed-grating CCD spectrometer with the Sun as its light source. The goals of the O/OREOS mission include: (1) demonstrating key small satellite technologies that can enable future low-cost astrobiology experiments, (2) deploying a miniature UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer suitable for in-situ astrobiology and other scientific investigations, (3) testing the capability to establish a variety of experimental reaction conditions to enable the study of astrobiological processes on small satellites, and (4) measuring the chemical evolution of organic molecules in LEO under conditions that can be extrapolated to interstellar and planetary environments. In this paper, the science and technology development of the SEVO instrument payload and its measurements are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - Molecular evolution
KW  - Space environment
KW  - Space biology
KW  - Interstellar matter
KW  - United States
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - CubeSat
KW  - O/OREOS
KW  - Organic
KW  - SEVO
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 70261651; Bramall, Nathan E. 1; Email Address: nebramall@gmail.com; Quinn, Richard 2; Mattioda, Andrew 3; Bryson, Kathryn 4; Chittenden, Julie D. 5; Cook, Amanda 5; Taylor, Cindy 2; Minelli, Giovanni 3; Ehrenfreund, Pascale 6; Ricco, Antonio J. 3; Squires, David 3; Santos, Orlando 3; Friedericks, Charles 3; Landis, David 7; Jones, Nykola C. 8; Salama, Farid 3; Allamandola, Louis J. 3; Hoffmann, Søren V. 8; Affiliations: 1: Los Gatos Research, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; 2: Carl Sagan Canter, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; 5: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA; 7: Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 8: Institute for Storage Ring Facilities (ISA), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Issue Info: Jan2012, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p121; Thesaurus Term: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Molecular evolution; Subject Term: Space environment; Subject Term: Space biology; Subject Term: Interstellar matter; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomarker; Author-Supplied Keyword: CubeSat; Author-Supplied Keyword: O/OREOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic; Author-Supplied Keyword: SEVO ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.06.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Kaj E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Persson, Fredrik
T1  - The surface energy balance at the Huygens landing site and the moist surface conditions on Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 385
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Huygens Probe provided a wealth of data concerning the atmosphere of Titan. It also provided tantalizing evidence of a small amount of surface liquid. We have developed a detailed surface energy balance for the Probe landing site. We find that the daily averaged non-radiative fluxes at the surface are 0.7Wm−2, much larger than the global average value predicted by of 0.037Wm−2. Considering the moist surface, the methane and ethane detected by the Probe from the surface is consistent with a ternary liquid of ethane, methane, and nitrogen present on the surface with mole fractions of methane, ethane, and nitrogen of 0.44, 0.34, and 0.22, respectively, and a total mass load of ∼0.05kgm−2. If this liquid is included in the surface energy balance, only a small fraction of the non-radiative energy is due to latent heat release (∼10−3 Wm−2). If the amount of atmospheric ethane is less than 0.6×10−5, the surface liquid is most likely evaporating over timescales of 5 Titan days, and the moist surface is probably a remnant of a recent precipitation event. If the surface liquid mass loading is increased to 0.5kgm−2, then the liquid lifetime increases to ∼56 Titan days. Our modeling results indicate a dew cycle is unlikely, given that even when the diurnal variation of liquid is in equilibrium, the diurnal mass variation is only 3% of the total liquid. If we assume a high atmospheric mixing ratio of ethane (>0.6×10−5), the precipitation of liquid is large (38cm/Titan year for an ethane mixing ratio of 2×10−5). Such a flux is many orders of magnitude in excess of the photochemical production rate of ethane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ethanes
KW  - Methane
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Surface energy
KW  - Equilibrium
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Energy balance
KW  - Liquid
KW  - Surface
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 70261679; Williams, Kaj E. 1; Email Address: kaj.williams@gmail.com; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Persson, Fredrik 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Issue Info: Jan2012, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p376; Thesaurus Term: Ethanes; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Surface energy; Subject Term: Equilibrium; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.11.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Borrelli, Salvatore
T1  - Aerothermodynamics of blunt body entry vehicles
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2012/01//
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 48-49
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 56
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: In this chapter, the aerothermodynamic phenomena of blunt body entry vehicles are discussed. Four topics will be considered that present challenges to current computational modeling techniques for blunt body environments: turbulent flow, non-equilibrium flow, rarefied flow, and radiation transport. Examples of comparisons between computational tools to ground and flight-test data will be presented in order to illustrate the challenges existing in the numerical modeling of each of these phenomena and to provide test cases for evaluation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code predictions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - VEHICLES
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 71804467; Source Information: Jan2012, Vol. 48-49, p42; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: VEHICLES; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2011.09.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walpot, Louis M.G.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Noeding, Peter
AU  - Schrijer, Ferry
T1  - Base flow investigation of the Apollo AS-202 Command Module
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2012/01//
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 48-49
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 74
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: A major contributor to the overall vehicle mass of re-entry vehicles is the afterbody thermal protection system. This is due to the large acreage (equal or bigger than that of the forebody) to be protected. The present predictive capabilities for base flows are comparatively lower than those for windward flowfields and offer therefore a substantial potential for improving the design of future re-entry vehicles. To that end, it is essential to address the accuracy of high fidelity CFD tools exercised in the US and EU, which motivates a thorough investigation of the present status of hypersonic flight afterbody heating. This paper addresses the predictive capabilities of afterbody flow fields of re-entry vehicles investigated in the frame of the NATO/RTO—RTG-043 task group. First, the verification of base flow topologies on the basis of available wind-tunnel results performed under controlled supersonic conditions (i.e. cold flows devoid of reactive effects) is performed. Such tests address the detailed characterization of the base flow with particular emphasis on separation/reattachment and their relation to Mach number effects. The tests have been performed on an Apollo-like re-entry capsule configuration. Second, the tools validated in the frame of the previous effort are exercised and appraised against flight-test data collected during the Apollo AS-202 re-entry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - HEATING load
KW  - GROUNDWATER flow
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 71804468; Source Information: Jan2012, Vol. 48-49, p57; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: HEATING load; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER flow; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 18p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2011.06.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/01/12/
VL  - 77
IS  - 8
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 1955
EP  - 1956
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting organized by the U.S National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) with the U.S. Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel to be held on January 27, 2012 in Washington D.C. to discuss the topics related to space launch system and commercial crew program.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 74083874; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 1/12/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 8, p1955; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wise, M. E.
AU  - Baustian, K. J.
AU  - Koop, T.
AU  - Freedman, M. A.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Tolbert, M. A.
AU  - Ammann, M.
T1  - Depositional ice nucleation onto crystalline hydrated NaCl particles: a new mechanism for ice formation in the troposphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/01/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1121
EP  - 1134
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Sea-salt aerosol (SSA) particles are ubiquitous in the marine boundary layer and over coastal areas. Therefore SSA have ability to directly and indirectly affect the Earth's radiation balance. The influence SSA have on climate is related to their water uptake and ice nucleation characteristics. In this study, optical microscopy coupled with Raman spectroscopy was used to detect the formation of a crystalline NaCl hydrate that could form under atmospheric conditions. NaCl(s) particles (~1 to 10 µm in diameter) deliquesced at 75.7±2.5% RH which agrees well with values previously established in the literature. NaCl(aq) particles effloresced to a mixture of hydrated and non-hydrated particles at temperatures between 236 and 252 K. The aqueous particles effloresced into the non-hydrated form at temperatures warmer than 252 K. At temperatures colder than 236K all particles effloresced into the hydrated form. The deliquescence relative humidities (DRH) of hydrated NaCl(s) particles ranged from 76.6 to 93.2% RH. Based on the measured DRH and efflorescence relative humidities (ERH), we estimate crystalline NaCl particles could be in the hydrated form 40-80% of the time in the troposphere. Additionally, the ice nucleating abilities of NaCl(s) and hydrated NaCl(s) were determined at temperatures ranging from 221 to 238 K. Here, depositional ice nucleation is defined as the onset of ice nucleation and represents the conditions at which the first particle on the substrate nucleated ice. Thus the values reported here represent the lower limit of depositional ice nucleation. NaCl(s) particles depositionally nucleated ice at an average Sice value of 1.11±0.07. Hydrated NaCl(s) particles depositionally nucleated ice at an average Sice value of 1.02±0.04. When a mixture of hydrated and anhydrous NaCl(s) particles was present in the same sample, ice preferentially nucleated on the hydrated particles 100%of the time. While both types of particles are efficient ice nuclei, hydrated NaCl(s) particles are better ice nuclei than NaCl(s) particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particles
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Ice
KW  - Nucleation
KW  - Salt
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Efflorescence
N1  - Accession Number: 72278669; Wise, M. E. 1,2; Email Address: mawise@cu-portland.edu; Baustian, K. J. 2,3; Koop, T. 4; Freedman, M. A. 5; Jensen, E. J. 6; Tolbert, M. A. 1,2; Email Address: tolbert@colorado.edu; Ammann, M.; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 4: Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; 5: Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p1121; Thesaurus Term: Particles; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Subject Term: Nucleation; Subject Term: Salt; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Efflorescence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-1121-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apel, E. C.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Hornbrook, R. S.
AU  - Hills, A. J.
AU  - Cantrell, C. A.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Hall, S.
AU  - Mauldin III, R. L.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
AU  - Clair, J. M. St.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
T1  - Impact of the deep convection of isoprene and other reactive trace species on radicals and ozone in the upper troposphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/01/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1135
EP  - 1150
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Observations of a comprehensive suite of inorganic and organic trace gases, including non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), halogenated organics and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), obtained from the NASA DC-8 over Canada during the ARCTAS aircraft campaign in July 2008 illustrate that convection is important for redistributing both long- and short-lived species throughout the troposphere. Convective outflow events were identified by the elevated mixing ratios of organic species in the upper troposphere relative to background conditions. Several dramatic events were observed in which isoprene and its oxidation products were detected at hundreds of pptv at altitudes higher than 8 km. Two events are studied in detail using detailed experimental data and the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) box model. One event had no lightning NOx (NO + NO2) associated with it and the other had substantial lightning NOx (LNOx >1 ppbv). When convective storms transport isoprene from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere and no LNOx is present, OH is reduced due to scavenging by isoprene, which serves to slow the chemistry, resulting in longer lifetimes for species that react with OH. Ozone and PAN production is minimal in this case. In the case where isoprene is convected and LNOx is present, there is a large effect on the expected ensuing chemistry: isoprene exerts a dominant impact on HOx and nitrogen-containing species; the relative contribution from other species to HOx, such as peroxides, is insignificant. The isoprene reacts quickly, resulting in primary and secondary products, including formaldehyde and methyl glyoxal. The model predicts enhanced production of alkyl nitrates (ANs) and peroxyacyl nitrate compounds (PANs). PANs persist because of the cold temperatures of the upper troposphere resulting in a large change in the NOx mixing ratios which, in turn, has a large impact on the HO chemistry. Ozone production is substantial during the first few hours following the convection to the UT, resulting in a net gain of approximately 10 ppbv compared to the modeled scenario in which LNOx is present but no isoprene is present aloft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Cold (Temperature)
KW  - Isoprene
KW  - Radicals
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 72278670; Apel, E. C. 1; Email Address: apel@ucar.edu; Olson, J. R. 2; Crawford, J. H. 2; Hornbrook, R. S. 1; Hills, A. J. 1; Cantrell, C. A. 1; Emmons, L. K. 1; Knapp, D. J. 1; Hall, S. 1; Mauldin III, R. L. 1,3,4; Weinheimer, A. J. 1; Fried, A. 5,6; Blake, D. R. 7; Crounse, J. D. 8; Clair, J. M. St. 8; Wennberg, P. O. 8; Diskin, G. S. 2; Fuelberg, H. E. 9; Wisthaler, A. 10; Mikoviny, T. 10; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; 4: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 6: Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; 8: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 9: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; 10: Institut für Ionenphysik & Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p1135; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Cold (Temperature); Subject Term: Isoprene; Subject Term: Radicals; Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-1135-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nettles, Alan Tate
AU  - Jackson, Justin R.
AU  - Hodge, Andrew J.
T1  - Change in damage tolerance characteristics of sandwich structure with a Thermal Protection System (TPS).
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2012/01/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 226
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Most composite damage tolerance assessments are made on bare laminates where the impactor comes into direct contact with the outermost ply. However, structures such as those used on launch vehicles are often covered with a thermal protection system (TPS) during the majority of the life of the part. This TPS covering may change the impact characteristics of the laminate rendering damage tolerance testing on bare laminates irrelevant to the part. This study examines the composite interstage structure of the ARES I launch vehicle which is scheduled to be covered with a sprayable foam TPS after manufacture. Damage tolerance testing is performed on bare sandwich structure and sandwich structure covered with the TPS selected for use on the ARES I composite interstage. Instrumented impact, infrared thermography, visual, cross-sectional and compression after impact CAI data are compared. Results show that the TPS covering does change most of the impact characteristics of the sandwich structure. It was found that the TPS created a larger damage zone as detected by IRT, however the TPS covered specimens possessed a higher residual compression strength for a given impact energy and damage size. These results are attempted to be explained by the different damage morphology that occurs between the bare and TPS covered specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - CAI
KW  - damage tolerance
KW  - impact
KW  - launch vehicle
KW  - sandwich structure
N1  - Accession Number: 69898012; Nettles, Alan Tate 1; Jackson, Justin R.; Hodge, Andrew J.; Source Information: 1/15/2012, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p211; Subject: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject: MOLECULAR structure; Subject: THERMAL analysis; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject: MATERIALS -- Testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: launch vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich structure; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5658
L3  - 10.1177/0021998311410509
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Prša, Andrej
AU  - Quinn, Samuel N.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Short, Donald R.
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Winn, Joshua N.
AU  - Doyle, Laurance R.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Bloemen, Steven
AU  - Brugamyer, Erik
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Caldwell, Caroline
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
T1  - Transiting circumbinary planets Kepler-34 b and Kepler-35 b.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/01/26/
VL  - 481
IS  - 7382
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
EP  - 479
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Most Sun-like stars in the Galaxy reside in gravitationally bound pairs of stars (binaries). Although long anticipated, the existence of a 'circumbinary planet' orbiting such a pair of normal stars was not definitively established until the discovery of the planet transiting (that is, passing in front of) Kepler-16. Questions remained, however, about the prevalence of circumbinary planets and their range of orbital and physical properties. Here we report two additional transiting circumbinary planets: Kepler-34 (AB)b and Kepler-35 (AB)b, referred to here as Kepler-34 b and Kepler-35 b, respectively. Each is a low-density gas-giant planet on an orbit closely aligned with that of its parent stars. Kepler-34 b orbits two Sun-like stars every 289?days, whereas Kepler-35 b orbits a pair of smaller stars (89% and 81% of the Sun's mass) every 131?days. The planets experience large multi-periodic variations in incident stellar radiation arising from the orbital motion of the stars. The observed rate of circumbinary planets in our sample implies that more than ?1% of close binary stars have giant planets in nearly coplanar orbits, yielding a Galactic population of at least several million. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Planetary research
KW  - Binary stars -- Orbits
KW  - Orbiting astronomical observatories
KW  - Orbital mechanics
KW  - Perturbation (Astronomy)
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 70715948; Welsh, William F. 1; Orosz, Jerome A. 1; Carter, Joshua A. 2; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3; Ford, Eric B. 4; Lissauer, Jack J. 5; Prša, Andrej 6; Quinn, Samuel N. 7; Ragozzine, Darin 2; Short, Donald R. 1; Torres, Guillermo 2; Winn, Joshua N. 8; Doyle, Laurance R. 9; Barclay, Thomas 10; Batalha, Natalie 11; Bloemen, Steven 12; Brugamyer, Erik 13; Buchhave, Lars A. 14; Caldwell, Caroline 13; Caldwell, Douglas A. 9; Affiliations: 1: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA; 2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 3: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA; 4: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 6: Villanova University, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 800 E. Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA; 7: 1] Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, PO Box 4106, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA; 8: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Physics Department and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; 9: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 10: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, California 95476, USA; 11: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, USA; 12: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; 13: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0259, USA; 14: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Issue Info: 1/26/2012, Vol. 481 Issue 7382, p475; Subject Term: Planetary research; Subject Term: Binary stars -- Orbits; Subject Term: Orbiting astronomical observatories; Subject Term: Orbital mechanics; Subject Term: Perturbation (Astronomy); Subject Term: Space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature10768
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckman, Richard S.
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - CEOS contributions to informing energy management and policy decision making using space-based Earth observations
JO  - Applied Energy
JF  - Applied Energy
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 90
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 206
EP  - 210
SN  - 03062619
AB  - Abstract: Earth observations are playing an increasingly significant role in informing decision making in the energy sector. In renewable energy applications, space-based observations now routinely augment sparse ground-based observations used as input for renewable energy resource assessment applications. As one of the nine Group on Earth Observations (GEO) societal benefit areas, the enhancement of management and policy decision making in the energy sector is receiving attention in activities conducted by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). CEOS has become the “space arm” for the implementation of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) vision. It is directly supporting the space-based, near-term tasks articulated in the GEO three-year work plan. This paper describes a coordinated program of demonstration projects conducted by CEOS member agencies and partners to utilize Earth observations to enhance energy management end-user decision support systems. We discuss the importance of engagement with stakeholders and understanding their decision support needs in successfully increasing the uptake of Earth observation products for societal benefit. Several case studies are presented, demonstrating the importance of providing data sets in formats and units familiar and immediately usable by decision makers. These projects show the utility of Earth observations to enhance renewable energy resource assessment in the developing world, forecast space weather impacts on the power grid, and improve energy efficiency in the built environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Energy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Energy management
KW  - Renewable energy sources
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Committees
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
KW  - Decision support
KW  - Energy efficiency
KW  - Group on Earth Observations
KW  - Renewable energy resource assessment
N1  - Accession Number: 66946798; Eckman, Richard S. 1,2; Email Address: Richard.S.Eckman@nasa.gov; Stackhouse, Paul W. 1; Email Address: Paul.W.Stackhouse@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; 2: Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Mail Suite 3B74, Washington, DC 20546, United States; Issue Info: Feb2012, Vol. 90 Issue 1, p206; Thesaurus Term: Energy management; Thesaurus Term: Renewable energy sources; Thesaurus Term: Energy consumption; Subject Term: Decision making; Subject Term: Committees; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Committee on Earth Observation Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision support; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Group on Earth Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Renewable energy resource assessment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561210 Facilities Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561790 Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531312 Nonresidential Property Managers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dove, Adrienne
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - Physics of a Thick Seasonal Snowpack with Possible Implications for Snow Algae.
JO  - Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research
JF  - Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 49
PB  - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.
SN  - 15230430
AB  - Instrumentation to study snowpack in situ was deployed in Lassen Volcanic National Park (LVNP), California, in an area of deep seasonal snow accumulation and known snow algal bloom recurrence. Included in the instrumentation were 11 temperature sensors, evenly spaced up to 2 m above the ground, which provided (1) temperature data within the snowpack when buried, and (2) estimates of snowpack height during accumulation and ablation periods. Beginning in April, moisture sensors measured a strong increase of snowpack liquid water content to greater than 15% by volume; this high melt content is usually coincident with the start of runoff from the snowpack. Snow depth profiles showed a rapid ablation of the final 2 m of the snowpack over about 23 days beginning in late June. SNTHERM numerical modeling confirmed that solar radiation was the dominant energy term throughout the melt season. By modeling a variety of snowpack parameters, such as albedo and initial snow density, we determined that the date of snow loss is the most sensitive observable that can be used to constrain the modeled parameters. These data sets from LVNP can also be applied to knowledge of snow algae lifecycles in deep snow to help understand whether the availability of light, water, or both controls the onset of snow algae germination at the base of a thick snowpack. Data and modeling indicate that meltwater was present throughout the snowpack beginning in March and runoff is initiated in April, when the snowpack was still several meters deep. However, significant levels of light did not penetrate to the soil until June, when the snow was less than 2 m deep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Arctic, Antarctic & Alpine Research is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Snow
KW  - Snow accumulation
KW  - Algae
KW  - Lassen Volcanic National Park (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 74083238; Dove, Adrienne 1; Email Address: adrienne.dove@colorado.edu; Heldmann, Jennifer 2; McKay, Christopher 2; Toon, Owen B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, 1234 Innovation Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80303-78 14, U.S.A.; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, NASA Ames Mail Stop 245-3, Mountain View, California 94035, U.S.A.; Issue Info: Feb2012, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p36; Thesaurus Term: Snow; Thesaurus Term: Snow accumulation; Thesaurus Term: Algae; Subject: Lassen Volcanic National Park (Calif.); Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112519 Other Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112510 Aquaculture; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1657/1938-4246-44.1.36
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, S.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Salawitch, R. J.
AU  - Canty, T.
AU  - Joiner, J.
AU  - Zeng, T.
AU  - Kurosu, T. P.
AU  - Chance, K.
AU  - Richter, A.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Neuman, J. A.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Ryerson, T. B.
AU  - Da Silva, A.
AU  - Curry, J.
AU  - Kinnison, D.
T1  - Analysis of satellite-derived Arctic tropospheric BrO columns in conjunction with aircraft measurements during ARCTAS and ARCPAC.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1255
EP  - 1285
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We derive tropospheric column BrO during the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns in spring 2008 using retrievals of total column BrO from the satellite UV nadir sensors OMI and GOME-2 using a radiative transfer model and stratospheric column BrO from a photochemical simulation. We conduct a comprehensive comparison of satellitederived tropospheric BrO column to aircraft in-situ observations of BrO and related species. The aircraft profiles reveal that tropospheric BrO, when present during April 2008, was distributed over a broad range of altitudes rather than being confined to the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Perturbations to the total column resulting from tropospheric BrO are the same magnitude as perturbations due to longitudinal variations in the stratospheric component, so proper accounting of the stratospheric signal is essential for accurate determination of satellite-derived tropospheric BrO. We find reasonably good agreement between satellite-derived tropospheric BrO and columns found using aircraft in-situ BrO profiles, particularly when satellite radiances were obtained over bright surfaces (albedo >0.7), for solar zenith angle <80° and clear sky conditions. The rapid activation of BrO due to surface processes (the bromine explosion) is apparent in both the OMI and GOME-2 based tropospheric columns. The wide orbital swath of OMI allows examination of the evolution of tropospheric BrO on about hourly time intervals near the pole. Low surface pressure, strong wind, and high PBL height are associated with an observed BrO activation event, supporting the notion of bromine activation by high winds over snow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Activation (Chemistry)
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - Bromine oxides
N1  - Accession Number: 74268619; Choi, S. 1; Email Address: sungyeon.choi@eas.gatech.edu; Wang, Y. 1; Salawitch, R. J. 2; Canty, T. 2; Joiner, J. 3; Zeng, T. 1; Kurosu, T. P. 4,5; Chance, K. 4; Richter, A. 6; Huey, L. G. 1; Liao, J. 1; Neuman, J. A. 7,8; Nowak, J. B. 7,8; Dibb, J. E. 9; Weinheimer, A. J. 10; Diskin, G. 11; Ryerson, T. B. 8; Da Silva, A. 3; Curry, J. 1; Kinnison, D. 10; Affiliations: 1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA; 6: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 7: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 9: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p1255; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Pressure; Thesaurus Term: Activation (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject Term: Bromine oxides; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 8 Graphs, 10 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-1255-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Scheuer, E.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Stickel, R. E.
AU  - Tanner, D. J.
AU  - Neuman, J. A.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
AU  - Choi, S.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Salawitch, R. J.
AU  - Canty, T.
AU  - Chance, K.
AU  - Kurosu, T.
AU  - Suleiman, R.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Shetter, R. E.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Brune, W.
AU  - Anderson, B.
T1  - Characterization of soluble bromide measurements and a case study of BrO observations during ARCTAS.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1327
EP  - 1338
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - A focus of the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) mission was examination of bromine photochemistry in the spring time high latitude troposphere based on aircraft and satellite measurements of bromine oxide (BrO) and related species. The NASA DC-8 aircraft utilized a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) to measure BrO and a mist chamber (MC) to measure soluble bromide. We have determined that the MC detection efficiency to molecular bromine (Br2), hypobromous acid (HOBr), bromine oxide (BrO), and hydrogen bromide (HBr) as soluble bromide (Br-) was 0.9±0.1, 1.06+0.30/-0.35, 0.4±0.1, and 0.95±0.1, respectively. These efficiency factors were used to estimate soluble bromide levels along the DC-8 flight track of 17 April 2008 from photochemical calculations constrained to in situ BrO measured by CIMS. During this flight, the highest levels of soluble bromide and BrO were observed and atmospheric conditions were ideal for the spaceborne observation of BrO. The good agreement (R² = 0.76; slope = 0.95; intercept =-3.4 pmol mol-1) between modeled and observed soluble bromide, when BrO was above detection limit (>2 pmol mol-1) under unpolluted conditions (NO<10 pmol mol-1), indicates that the CIMS BrO measurements were consistent with the MC soluble bromide and that a well characterized MC can be used to derive mixing ratios of some reactive bromine compounds. Tropospheric BrO vertical column densities (BrOVCD) derived from CIMS BrO observations compare well with Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. from OMI on 17 April 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Solubility
KW  - Bromides
KW  - Case study (Research)
KW  - Bromine oxides
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 74268622; Liao, J. 1; Huey, L. G. 1; Email Address: greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; Scheuer, E. 2; Dibb, J. E. 1; Stickel, R. E. 1; Tanner, D. J. 1; Neuman, J. A. 3,4; Nowak, J. B. 3,4; Choi, S. 1; Wang, Y. 1; Salawitch, R. J. 5,6,7; Canty, T. 5; Chance, K. 8; Kurosu, T. 8,9; Suleiman, R. 8; Weinheimer, A. J. 10; Shetter, R. E. 10; Fried, A. 11; Brune, W. 12; Anderson, B. 13; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 7: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 10: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 11: Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 12: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 13: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p1327; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Solubility; Subject Term: Bromides; Subject Term: Case study (Research); Subject Term: Bromine oxides; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-1327-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=74268622&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wells, K. C.
AU  - Millet, D. B.
AU  - Hu, L.
AU  - Cady-Pereira, K. E.
AU  - Xiao, Y.
AU  - Shephard, M. W.
AU  - Clerbaux, C. L.
AU  - Clarisse, L.
AU  - Coheur, P.-F.
AU  - Apel, E. C.
AU  - de Gouw, J.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Goldstein, A. H.
AU  - Sive, B. C.
T1  - Tropospheric methanol observations from space: Retrieval evaluation and constraints on the seasonality of biogenic emissions.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Methanol -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Information retrieval
KW  - Degrees of freedom
KW  - Parameter estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 75236722; Wells, K. C. 1; Millet, D. B. 1; Email Address: dbm@umn.edu; Hu, L. 1; Cady-Pereira, K. E. 2; Xiao, Y. 2; Shephard, M. W. 3,4; Clerbaux, C. L. 5,6; Clarisse, L. 6; Coheur, P.-F. 6; Apel, E. C. 7; de Gouw, J. 8,9; Warneke, C. 8,9; Singh, H. B. 10; Goldstein, A. H. 11,12; Sive, B. C. 13; Affiliations: 1: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; 2: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA, USA; 3: Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 4: Atmospheric and Climate Applications (ACApps), Inc., East Gwillimbury, Ontario, Canada; 5: UMPC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 6: Spectroscopie de l'Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; 7: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA; 9: CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 11: Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 12: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 13: Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p1; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Tropospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Methanol -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Information retrieval; Subject Term: Degrees of freedom; Subject Term: Parameter estimation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiao, Y.
AU  - Cady-Pereira, K. E.
AU  - Payne, V. H.
AU  - Millet, D. B.
AU  - Shephard, M. W.
AU  - Luo, M.
AU  - Alvarado, M.
AU  - Wells, K. C.
AU  - Apel, E. C.
AU  - Campos, T. L.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
T1  - Methanol-CO correlations in Mexico City pollution outflow from aircraft and satellite during MILAGRO.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 5705
EP  - 5738
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The correlation between methanol (CH3OH) and carbon monoxide (CO) is of particular interest for characterizing biogenic and anthropogenic emission sources of CH3OH and other chemical species. Here, the CH3OH/CO enhancement ratio (ΔCH3OH/ΔCO) in the lower to middle troposphere is examined using coincident CH3OH and CO observations from aircraft (NCAR C-130 and NASA DC-8) and from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) satellite during the MegaCity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) in the Mexico City region in March 2006. ΔCH3OH/ΔCO ratios from the two in-situ aircraft measurements are far higher than previously reported CH3OH emission ratios relative to CO from US cities. This may reflect combustion of different fuel types in this area, and possibly photochemical production of CH3OH in Mexico City outflow. TES CH3OH and CO retrievals over the MILAGRO domain show relatively high sensitivity in the 600-800 hPa range, associated with Mexico City pollution outflow. The TES derived ΔCH3OH/ΔCO ratios during MILAGRO are 18-24 ppt ppb-1 , which are similar to those observed from the DC-8 (26-39 ppt ppb-1 ), but lower than the C-130 observations (41-55 ppt ppb-1). Differences between the ΔCH3OH/ΔCO ratios measured aboard the two aircraft preclude an absolute validation of the TES-derived ratios for this dataset. The ΔCH3OH/ΔCO ratios observed from TES over this domain reflect bulk enhancements of CH3OH and CO in Mexico City outflow. Although the TES measurements are not expected to resolve small-scale variability in the ΔCH3OH/ΔCO ratio downwind of the strong source region of Mexico City, it is demonstrated that TES can clearly distinguish differences in the ΔCH3OH/ΔCO ratio due to different source categories of CH3OH. An example of this is shown by contrasting measurements over Mexico City (strong anthropogenic emissions) with those over the Amazon Basin (strong biogenic emissions). The results from this case study show the potential to gain insight into global sources of CH3OH and related species from satellite observations, especially for regions and time periods where no in situ measurements are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Time series analysis
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 75236778; Xiao, Y. 1; Email Address: yxiao@aer.com; Cady-Pereira, K. E. 1; Payne, V. H. 1; Millet, D. B. 2; Shephard, M. W. 3; Luo, M. 4; Alvarado, M. 1; Wells, K. C. 2; Apel, E. C. 5; Campos, T. L. 5; Singh, H. B. 6; Sachse, G. W. 7; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA; 2: University of Minnesota, Department of Soil, Water and Climate, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; 3: Atmospheric and Climate Applications (AC Apps), Inc., East Gwillimbury, Ontario, Canada; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, CA, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p5705; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject Term: Time series analysis; Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-5705-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoo, Sean W.
AU  - Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo
AU  - Sacksteder, Kurt R.
AU  - Zhang, Peng
AU  - Zhu, Delin
AU  - Law, Chung K.
T1  - Response of spherical diffusion flames subjected to rotation: Microgravity experimentation and computational simulation
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 159
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 665
EP  - 672
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Microgravity experiments were conducted in the 2.2-s drop tower and zero-gravity facility at NASA-GRC to gain fundamental understanding of the effects of spinning on an otherwise spherical diffusion flame. The flames were generated by injecting either a fuel or an oxidizer mixture from a porous burner to a controlled ambient of either an oxidizer or fuel mixture, respectively. Results show that the polar flame location scales with the angular velocity monotonically as , where a is greater and smaller than unity for small and large spinning velocities, respectively. On the contrary, the equatorial flame location responds nonmonotonically to increasing spinning velocity: first increasing and then decreasing. The experimental observations agree well with the computational simulation where the simulated results demonstrate that the nonmonotonic response of the equatorial flame location is caused by dilution of the reactant concentration in the outwardly-directed radial flow by the product and inert that are carried by the inwardly-directed polar flow upon traversing the flame segment in the polar region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Flame
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Mixtures
KW  - Oxidizing agents
KW  - Rotational motion
KW  - Chemistry experiments
KW  - Rotating spherical diffusion flame
N1  - Accession Number: 70042751; Yoo, Sean W. 1; Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo 1; Email Address: sweto@princeton.edu; Sacksteder, Kurt R. 2; Zhang, Peng 1; Zhu, Delin 1; Law, Chung K. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Feb2012, Vol. 159 Issue 2, p665; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Mixtures; Subject Term: Oxidizing agents; Subject Term: Rotational motion; Subject Term: Chemistry experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotating spherical diffusion flame; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.07.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 108111390
T1  - Artificial gravity training reduces bed rest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning.
AU  - Stenger MB
AU  - Evans JM
AU  - Knapp CF
AU  - Lee SM
AU  - Phillips TR
AU  - Perez SA
AU  - Moore AD Jr
AU  - Paloski WH
AU  - Platts SH
AU  - Stenger, Michael B
AU  - Evans, Joyce M
AU  - Knapp, Charles F
AU  - Lee, Stuart M C
AU  - Phillips, Tiffany R
AU  - Perez, Sondra A
AU  - Moore, Alan D Jr
AU  - Paloski, William H
AU  - Platts, Steven H
Y1  - 2012/02//2012 Feb
N1  - Accession Number: 108111390. Language: English. Entry Date: 20121130. Revision Date: 20161117. Publication Type: journal article; research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Grant Information: UL1 TR000071/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 100954790. 
KW  - Bed Rest -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Therapeutic Exercise
KW  - Gravity, Altered
KW  - Heart -- Physiopathology
KW  - Myocardium -- Pathology
KW  - Exertion
KW  - Physical Fitness
KW  - Adult
KW  - Atrophy
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
SP  - 605
EP  - 616
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JA  - EUR J APPL PHYSIOL
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
AB  - We studied 15 men (8 treatment, 7 control) before and after 21 days of 6º head-down tilt to determine whether daily, 1-h exposures to 1.0 G(z) (at the heart) artificial gravity (AG) would prevent bed rest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning. Testing included echocardiographic analysis of cardiac function, plasma volume (PV), aerobic power (VO(2)pk) and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to 80º head-up tilt (HUT). Data collected during HUT were ECG, stroke volume (SV), blood pressure (BP) and blood for catecholamines and vasoactive hormones. Heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance, and spectral power of BP and HR were calculated. Bed rest decreased PV, supine and HUT SV, and indices of cardiac function in both groups. Although PV was decreased in control and AG after bed rest, AG attenuated the decrease in orthostatic tolerance [pre- to post-bed rest change; control: -11.8 ± 2.0, AG: -6.0 ± 2.8 min (p = 0.012)] and VO(2)pk [pre- to post-bed rest change; control: -0.39 ± 0.11, AG: -0.17 ± 0.06 L/min (p = 0.041)]. AG prevented increases in pre-tilt levels of plasma renin activity [pre- to post-bed rest change; control: 1.53 ± 0.23, AG: -0.07 ± 0.34 ng/mL/h (p = 0.001)] and angiotensin II [pre- to post-bed rest change; control: 3.00 ± 1.04, AG: -0.63 ± 0.81 pg/mL (p = 0.009)] and increased HUT aldosterone [post-bed rest; control: 107 ± 30 pg/mL, AG: 229 ± 68 pg/mL (p = 0.045)] and norepinephrine [post-bed rest; control: 453 ± 107, AG: 732 ± 131 pg/mL (p = 0.003)]. We conclude that AG can mitigate some aspects of bed rest-induced cardiovascular deconditioning, including orthostatic intolerance and aerobic power. Mechanisms of improvement were not cardiac-mediated, but likely through improved sympathetic responsiveness to orthostatic stress.
SN  - 1439-6319
AD  - Cardiovascular Laboratory, Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA
AD  - Cardiovascular Laboratory, Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA. michael.b.stenger@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 21626041.
DO  - 10.1007/s00421-011-2005-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandell, Myron J.
AU  - Davis, V. A.
AU  - Davis, G. T.
AU  - Maurer, R. H.
AU  - Herrmann, C.
T1  - Photoemission Driven Charging in Tenuous Plasma.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2012/02//2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
Y1  - 2012/02//2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 216
SN  - 00933813
AB  - In the cold, tenuous plasma commonly encountered in magnetospheric and interplanetary orbits, and in the case of scientific satellites with nearly all surfaces effectively conducting, surface charging is driven by photoemission current. The differential potential of the few insulating surfaces, such as lenses or insulating grout between solar cells, can be positive or negative depending on the photoemissivity of the material. We analyze this effect for spacecraft like those of the Magnetospheric MultiScale and the Radiation Belt Storm Probes missions. This paper develops a simple theory for the potentials of sunlit insulators, focusing on insulators that make up a small part of a large conductive surface. The shape of the photoemission spectrum places an absolute limit of about 12 V of positive differential charging on sunlit insulators. For small insulating surfaces, the conventional assumption—that the photoelectronsthat cannot energetically escape return to their surface of origin—is not valid because the photoelectron trajectory path length is large compared with the surface dimension. We describe a theory that accounts for photoelectron transport between small insulators and the surrounding conductive area. These calculations are done both for the case that the insulator has photoemission similar to the conductive area and for the case that the photoemission is far less, as is the case for many insulators. If the insulator has photoemission current density similar to that of a conductor, we predict positive differential potentials of about 2 V at low chassis potential and negligible differential at high chassis potential. In the opposite case that the insulator photoemission is low, we predict no differential at low chassis potentials and negative differential potentials of up to several volts at high chassis potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOEMISSION
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERIC currents
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - PHOTOELECTRONS
KW  - CURRENT density (Electromagnetism)
N1  - Accession Number: 73616354; Source Information: 2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p209; Subject Term: PHOTOEMISSION; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERIC currents; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRONS; Subject Term: CURRENT density (Electromagnetism); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2179675
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vayner, Boris
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
T1  - Inception and Prevention of Sustained Discharges on Solar Arrays.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2012/02//2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
Y1  - 2012/02//2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 388
EP  - 393
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Sustained arc between adjacent cells is certainly a catastrophic event that results in significant loss in the power delivered to spacecraft systems. In order to prevent this kind of discharges, the threshold magnitudes of voltage and current should be determined in ground tests and compared with respective operational parameters. It is necessary to demonstrate that the results of ground tests depend on solar array designs but do not depend on the simulated environment and the electrical circuitry arrangement. A thorough analysis of about 20 tests performed in different laboratories has been conducted in this work. Sustained arc current thresholds were established for a variety of solar array designs and confronted with well-known magnitudes for vacuum arcs. If both voltage and string current magnitudes exceed the threshold values, the gaps between adjacent strings can be filled in with insulating material (RTV). Comprehensive ground tests demonstrated a high efficiency of this method. However, the lifetime of modern spacecraft spans for 10–15 years, and aging of RTV due to space radiation and temperature variations may cause critical changes in insulator properties. Thus, it seems reasonable to prepare a sample with RTV-grouted gaps, to undergo it proton fluence and thermal cycling equivalent to a few years in the geosynchronous orbit, and to test the sample against sustained arc inception. This program was also realized in the test described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - GEOSYNCHRONOUS orbits
KW  - THRESHOLD voltage
KW  - PROTON accelerators
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
N1  - Accession Number: 73616342; Source Information: 2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p388; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: GEOSYNCHRONOUS orbits; Subject Term: THRESHOLD voltage; Subject Term: PROTON accelerators; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2177480
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prevot, Thomas
AU  - Homola, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Martin, Lynne H.
AU  - Mercer, Joey S.
AU  - Cabrall, Christopher D.
T1  - Toward Automated Air Traffic Control—Investigating a Fundamental Paradigm Shift in Human/Systems Interaction.
JO  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 98
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10447318
AB  - Predicted air traffic increases over the next 25 years may create a significant capacity problem that the United States' National Airspace System will be unable to accommodate. The concept of introducing automated separation assurance was proposed to help solve this problem. However, the introduction of such a concept involves a fundamental paradigm shift in which automation is allowed to perform safety-critical tasks that today are strictly the air traffic controllers' domain. Moving toward automated air traffic control, therefore, requires a careful and thorough investigation. As part of an ongoing series, three human-in-the-loop simulation studies were conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center with the overarching goal of determining whether the automated separation assurance concept can be integrated into air traffic control operations in an acceptable and safe manner. These studies investigated a range of issues including the proper levels of automation for given capacity targets, off-nominal operations from both air and ground perspectives, and sustained near-full mission operations with many tasks allocated to the automation in the presence of convective weather and scheduling constraints. Overall, it was found that the concept has the potential to solve the envisioned airspace capacity problem. The automation was largely effective and robust, and the function allocation of tasks between controllers and automation was generally acceptable. However, feedback and results also showed that further technological development is necessary to improve trajectory prediction and conflict detection accuracy. The need for further procedural development to govern controller/automation and air/ground interactions was also highlighted. These and other considerations are addressed as the automated separation assurance concept is further tested and pursued through subsequent studies.  This article not subject to US copyright law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC identification
KW  - INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 70133390; Prevot, Thomas 1; Email Address: thomas.prevot@nasa.gov; Homola, Jeffrey R. 2; Martin, Lynne H. 2; Mercer, Joey S. 2; Cabrall, Christopher D. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; 2: San Jose State University/NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Issue Info: Feb2012, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p77; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC identification; Thesaurus Term: INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software); Thesaurus Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 13 Color Photographs, 11 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10447318.2012.634756
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vu, Kim-Phuong L.
AU  - Strybel, Thomas Z.
AU  - Battiste, Vernol
AU  - Lachter, Joel
AU  - Dao, Arik-Quang V.
AU  - Brandt, Summer
AU  - Ligda, Sarah
AU  - Johnson, Walter
T1  - Pilot Performance in Trajectory-Based Operations Under Concepts of Operation That Vary Separation Responsibility Across Pilots, Air Traffic Controllers, and Automation.
JO  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 118
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10447318
AB  - The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will revolutionize the air traffic management system in the United States. NextGen will involve human operators interacting with new technologies in a complex system, making human factors and human–computer interaction considerations a major concern. The present study reports data from a human-in-the-loop simulation that evaluated pilot performance, workload, and situation awareness under one of three plausible NextGen concepts of operation. The concepts of operation differed with respect to the allocation of separation responsibility across human pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs), and automation. Pilots were asked to employ trajectory-based operations to perform weather avoidance maneuvers, an interval management task, and a continuous descent approach. Depending on the concept being tested, they were also given the responsibility of separation assurance (Concept 1) or received conflict resolutions from an ATC (Concept 2) or automated system (Concept 3). Overall, pilot performance on the various flight tasks was worse in Concept 3 than in Concepts 1 and 2. Although pilot workload did not differ across the three concepts, pilot situation awareness was highest in Concept 1, in which the pilots were given the most responsibilities. These findings suggest that keeping pilots engaged in separation assurance tasks may be preferable to having them rely on automation alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC identification
KW  - INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - COMMUNICATIONS industries
KW  - HUMAN factors
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 70133392; Vu, Kim-Phuong L. 1; Email Address: kvu8@csulb.edu; Strybel, Thomas Z. 1; Battiste, Vernol 2; Lachter, Joel 2; Dao, Arik-Quang V. 2; Brandt, Summer 2; Ligda, Sarah 2; Johnson, Walter 3; Affiliations: 1: California State University Long Beach, USA; 2: San Jose State University Foundation, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Issue Info: Feb2012, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p107; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATIC identification; Thesaurus Term: INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software); Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATION; Thesaurus Term: COMMUNICATIONS industries; Subject Term: HUMAN factors; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 6 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10447318.2012.634761
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=70133392&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Kramer, Lynda J.
AU  - Shelton, Kevin J.
AU  - Arthur, Jarvis J.
AU  - Bailey, Randall E.
AU  - Norman, Robert M.
AU  - Ellis, Kyle L.
AU  - Barmore, Bryan E.
T1  - Flight Deck Interval Management Delegated Separation Using Equivalent Visual Operations.
JO  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 130
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10447318
AB  - The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concept termed, “Equivalent Visual Operations” (EVO) represents a fundamentally different operational approach to current issues confronting commercial aviation. Synthetic and enhanced flight vision system (S/EVS) technologies are critical enabling technologies to EVO. Research was conducted that evaluated concepts for flight-deck-based interval management operations, integrated with S/EVS. One of the concepts tested involves delegated flight-deck-based separation, in which the flight crews were paired with another aircraft and responsible for spacing and maintaining separation from the paired aircraft termed “equivalent visual separation.” The operation required the flight crews to acquire and maintain an “equivalent visual contact” as well as to conduct manual landings in low-visibility conditions utilizing S/EVS and other flight deck technologies. The article describes results that evaluated the concept of EVO delegated separation, including an off-nominal scenario in which the lead aircraft was not able to conform to the assigned spacing resulting in a loss of separation. The results demonstrated that delegated separation improved flight deck situation awareness without an increase in mental workload. Implications for NextGen and future research directions are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - AIRLINE industry employees
N1  - Accession Number: 70133393; Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 1; Email Address: lawrence.j.prinzel@nasa.gov; Kramer, Lynda J. 1; Shelton, Kevin J. 1; Arthur, Jarvis J. 1; Bailey, Randall E. 1; Norman, Robert M. 2; Ellis, Kyle L. 1; Barmore, Bryan E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; 2: Boeing Research and Technology, USA; Issue Info: Feb2012, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p119; Thesaurus Term: FLIGHT crews; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Thesaurus Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: AIRLINE industry employees; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10447318.2012.634764
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Wagner, Roland
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Giese, Bernd
AU  - Hibbitts, Charles A.
AU  - Roatsch, Thomas
AU  - Matz, Klaus-Dieter
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - Cappacioni, Fabrizio
AU  - Scholten, F.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Hansen, Gary B.
AU  - Nicholson, Phil D.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Nelson, Robert M.
AU  - Matson, Dennis L.
T1  - The Saturnian satellite Rhea as seen by Cassini VIMS
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 142
EP  - 160
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Since the arrival of the Cassini spacecraft at Saturn in June 2004, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer has obtained new spectral data of the icy satellites of Saturn in the spectral range from 0.35 to 5.2μm. Numerous flybys were performed at Saturn’s second largest satellite Rhea, providing a nearly complete coverage with pixel-ground resolutions sufficient to analyze variations of spectral properties across Rhea’s surface in detail. We present an overview of the VIMS observations obtained so far, as well as the analysis of the spectral properties identified in the VIMS spectra and their variations across its surface compared with spatially highly resolved Cassini ISS images and digital elevation models. Spectral variations measured across Rhea’s surface are similar to the variations observed in the VIMS observations of its neighbor Dione, implying similar processes causing or at least inducing their occurrence. Thus, magnetospheric particles and dust impacting onto the trailing hemisphere appear to be responsible for the concentration of dark rocky/organic material and minor amounts of CO2 in the cratered terrain on the trailing hemisphere. Despite the prominent spectral signatures of Rhea’s fresh impact crater Inktomi, radiation effects were identified that also affect the H2O ice-rich cratered terrain of the leading hemisphere. The concentration of H2O ice in the vicinity of steep tectonic scarps near 270°W and geologically fresh impact craters implies that Rhea exhibits an icy crust at least in the upper few kilometers. Despite the evidence for past tectonic events, no indications of recent endogenically powered processes could be identified in the Cassini data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Digital elevation models
KW  - Rhea (Satellite)
KW  - Dione (Satellite)
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Saturn (Planet)
KW  - Cassini/VIMS
KW  - Icy satellites
KW  - Rhea
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Surfaces
KW  - Cassini (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 71335717; Stephan, Katrin 1; Email Address: Katrin.Stephan@dlr.de; Jaumann, Ralf 1,2; Wagner, Roland 1; Clark, Roger N. 3; Cruikshank, Dale P. 4; Giese, Bernd 1; Hibbitts, Charles A. 5; Roatsch, Thomas 1; Matz, Klaus-Dieter 1; Brown, Robert H. 6; Filacchione, Gianrico 7; Cappacioni, Fabrizio 7; Scholten, F. 1; Buratti, Bonnie J. 8; Hansen, Gary B. 9; Nicholson, Phil D. 10; Baines, Kevin H. 11; Nelson, Robert M. 8; Matson, Dennis L. 8; Affiliations: 1: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; 2: Freie Universität, FR Planetologie und Fernerkundung, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany; 3: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver CO 80225, USA Pasadena CA 91109, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 5: JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md., USA; 6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA; 7: INAF-IASF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100 Rome, Italy; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91109, USA; 9: University of Washington, Seattle, USA; 10: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, NY, USA; 11: SSEC, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Issue Info: Feb2012, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p142; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Digital elevation models; Subject Term: Rhea (Satellite); Subject Term: Dione (Satellite); Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini/VIMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Icy satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rhea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces ; Company/Entity: Cassini (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.07.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/02/09/
VL  - 77
IS  - 27
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 6824
EP  - 6825
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the science committee of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advisory Council to be held in Washington D.C. in March 6, 2011.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 71963479; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 02/09/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 27, p6824; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Information Technology Infrastructure Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/02/09/
VL  - 77
IS  - 27
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 6825
EP  - 6825
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the information technology infrastructure committee of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advisory Council to be held in Washington D.C. in March 7, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - ADVISORY boards
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 71963480; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 02/09/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 27, p6825; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Thesaurus Term: ADVISORY boards ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Human Exploration and Operations Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/02/09/
VL  - 77
IS  - 27
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 6825
EP  - 6826
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of Human Exploration and Operations Committee of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Advisory Council to be held in Washington D.C. in March 6, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - ADVISORY boards
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 71963481; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 02/09/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 27, p6825; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Thesaurus Term: ADVISORY boards ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Rogers, Leslie A.
AU  - Ballard, Sarah
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Désert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Dressing, Courtney D.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Gautier III, Thomas N.
AU  - Henze, Christopher E.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Howard, Andrew
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
T1  - Two Earth-sized planets orbiting Kepler-20.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/02/09/
VL  - 482
IS  - 7384
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 198
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Since the discovery of the first extrasolar giant planets around Sun-like stars, evolving observational capabilities have brought us closer to the detection of true Earth analogues. The size of an exoplanet can be determined when it periodically passes in front of (transits) its parent star, causing a decrease in starlight proportional to its radius. The smallest exoplanet hitherto discovered has a radius 1.42 times that of the Earth's radius (R?), and hence has 2.9 times its volume. Here we report the discovery of two planets, one Earth-sized (1.03R?) and the other smaller than the Earth (0.87R?), orbiting the star Kepler-20, which is already known to host three other, larger, transiting planets. The gravitational pull of the new planets on the parent star is too small to measure with current instrumentation. We apply a statistical method to show that the likelihood of the planetary interpretation of the transit signals is more than three orders of magnitude larger than that of the alternative hypothesis that the signals result from an eclipsing binary star. Theoretical considerations imply that these planets are rocky, with a composition of iron and silicate. The outer planet could have developed a thick water vapour atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Kepler's laws
KW  - Variable stars
KW  - Silicates
KW  - Outer planets
KW  - Binary stars
N1  - Accession Number: 71519940; Fressin, Francois 1; Torres, Guillermo 1; Rowe, Jason F. 2; Charbonneau, David 1; Rogers, Leslie A. 3; Ballard, Sarah 1; Batalha, Natalie M. 4; Borucki, William J. 2; Bryson, Stephen T. 2; Buchhave, Lars A. 5; Ciardi, David R. 6; Désert, Jean-Michel 1; Dressing, Courtney D. 1; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 7; Ford, Eric B. 8; Gautier III, Thomas N. 9; Henze, Christopher E. 2; Holman, Matthew J. 1; Howard, Andrew 10; Howell, Steve B. 2; Affiliations: 1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 3: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; 4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA; 5: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Center for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark; 6: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 7: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA; 8: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32111, USA; 9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 10: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; Issue Info: 2/9/2012, Vol. 482 Issue 7384, p195; Subject Term: Kepler's laws; Subject Term: Variable stars; Subject Term: Silicates; Subject Term: Outer planets; Subject Term: Binary stars; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature10780
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fast, J. D.
AU  - Gustafson Jr., W. I.
AU  - Berg, L. K.
AU  - Shaw, W. J.
AU  - Pekour, M.
AU  - Shrivastava, M.
AU  - Barnard, J. C.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hair, J. A.
AU  - Erickson, M.
AU  - Jobson, B. T.
AU  - Flowers, B.
AU  - Dubey, M. K.
AU  - Springston, S.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Dolislager, L.
AU  - Pederson, J.
AU  - Zaveri, R. A.
AU  - McFiggans, G.
T1  - Transport and mixing patterns over Central California during the carbonaceous aerosol and radiative effects study (CARES).
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/02/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1759
EP  - 1783
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We describe the synoptic and regional-scale meteorological conditions that affected the transport and mixing of trace gases and aerosols in the vicinity of Sacramento, California during June 2010 when the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) was conducted. The meteorological measurements collected by various instruments deployed during the campaign and the performance of the chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) are both discussed. WRF-Chem was run daily during the campaign to forecast the spatial and temporal variation of carbon monoxide emitted from 20 anthropogenic source regions in California to guide aircraft sampling. The model is shown to reproduce the overall circulations and boundary-layer characteristics in the region, although errors in the upslope wind speed and boundary-layer depth contribute to differences in the observed and simulated carbon monoxide. Thermally-driven upslope flows that transported pollutants from Sacramento over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada occurred every afternoon, except during three periods when the passage of mid-tropospheric troughs disrupted the regional-scale flow patterns. The meteorological conditions after the passage of the third trough were the most favorable for photochemistry and likely formation of secondary organic aerosols. Meteorological measurements and model forecasts indicate that the Sacramento pollutant plume was likely transported over a downwind site that collected trace gas and aerosol measurements during 23 time periods; however, direct transport occurred during only eight of these periods. The model also showed that emissions from the San Francisco Bay area transported by intrusions of marine air contributed a large fraction of the carbon monoxide in the vicinity of Sacramento, suggesting that this source likely affects local chemistry. Contributions from other sources of pollutants, such as those in the Sacramento Valley and San Joaquin Valley, were relatively low. Aerosol layering in the free troposphere was observed during the morning by an airborne Lidar. WRF-Chem forecasts showed that mountain venting processes contributed to aged pollutants aloft in the valley atmosphere that are then entrained into the growing boundary layer the subsequent day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Sacramento (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 74117942; Fast, J. D. 1; Email Address: jerome.fast@pnl.gov; Gustafson Jr., W. I. 1; Berg, L. K. 1; Shaw, W. J. 1; Pekour, M. 1; Shrivastava, M. 1; Barnard, J. C. 1; Ferrare, R. A. 2; Hostetler, C. A. 2; Hair, J. A. 2; Erickson, M. 3; Jobson, B. T. 3; Flowers, B. 4; Dubey, M. K. 4; Springston, S. 5; Pierce, R. B. 6; Dolislager, L. 7; Pederson, J. 7; Zaveri, R. A. 1; McFiggans, G.; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA; 4: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; 5: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA; 6: NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; 7: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, California, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p1759; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); Subject: Sacramento (Calif.); Subject: California; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-1759-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nessel, James A.
AU  - Acosta, Roberto J.
T1  - Predicting Sparse Array Performance From Two-Element Interferometer Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2012/02/15/Feb2012 Part 2 Part 2
Y1  - 2012/02/15/Feb2012 Part 2 Part 2
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 886
EP  - 894
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Widely distributed (sparse) ground-based antenna arrays are being considered for deep space communications applications with the development of the proposed Next Generation Deep Space Network. However, atmospheric-induced phase fluctuations can impose daunting restrictions on the performance of such an array, particularly during transmit and particularly at Ka-band frequencies, which have yet to be successfully resolved. In this paper, an analysis of the uncompensated performance of a sparse antenna array, in terms of its directivity and pattern degradation, is performed utilizing real data. The theoretical derivation for array directivity degradation is validated with interferometric measurements (for a 2-element array) recorded at Goldstone, CA, from May 2007—May 2008. With the validity of the model established, an arbitrary 27-element array geometry is defined at Goldstone, CA, to ascertain its theoretical performance in the presence of phase fluctuations based on the measured data. Therein, a procedure in which array directivity performance can be determined based on site-specific interferometric measurements is established. It is concluded that a combination of compact array geometry and atmospheric compensation is necessary to minimize array loss impact for deep space communications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Radio antennas
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Deep Space Network
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 71539988; Source Information: Feb2012 Part 2 Part 2, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p886; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Radio antennas; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Deep Space Network; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2011.2173110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Technology and Innovation Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/02/17/
VL  - 77
IS  - 33
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 9705
EP  - 9705
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. on March 6, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 71954447; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 02/17/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 33, p9705; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Education and Public Outreach Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/02/17/
VL  - 77
IS  - 33
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 9705
EP  - 9705
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. on March 5, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 71954448; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 02/17/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 33, p9705; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Audit, Finance and Analysis Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/02/21/
VL  - 77
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 9997
EP  - 9998
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the Audit, Finance and Analysis Committee of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. on March 8, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - COMMITTEES
KW  - CONGRESSES
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 72324897; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 2/21/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 34, p9997; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Thesaurus Term: COMMITTEES; Subject Term: CONGRESSES ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Earth Science Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/02/28/
VL  - 77
IS  - 39
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 12086
EP  - 12086
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. on March 21, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 73171674; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 2/28/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 39, p12086; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keppel-Aleks, G.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Washenfelder, R. A.
AU  - Wunch, D.
AU  - Schneider, T.
AU  - Toon, G. C.
AU  - Andres, R. J.
AU  - Blavier, J.-F.
AU  - Connor, B.
AU  - Davis, K. J.
AU  - Desai, A. R.
AU  - Messerschmidt, J.
AU  - Notholt, J.
AU  - Roehl, C. M.
AU  - Sherlock, V.
AU  - Stephens, B. B.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Wofsy, S. C.
AU  - Dai, M.
T1  - The imprint of surface fluxes and transport on variations in total column carbon dioxide.
JO  - Biogeosciences
JF  - Biogeosciences
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 875
EP  - 891
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 17264170
AB  - New observations of the vertically integrated CO2 mixing ratio,  CO2 , from ground-based remote sensing show that variations in  CO2  are primarily determined by large-scale flux patterns. They therefore provide fundamentally different information than observations made within the boundary layer, which reflect the combined influence of large-scale and local fluxes. Observations of both  CO2  and CO2 concentrations in the free troposphere show that large-scale spatial gradients induce synoptic-scale temporal variations in  CO2  in the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes through horizontal advection. Rather than obscure the signature of surface fluxes on atmospheric CO2, these synopticscale variations provide useful information that can be used to reveal the meridional flux distribution. We estimate the meridional gradient in  CO2  from covariations in  CO2  and potential temperature, ϑ, a dynamical tracer, on synoptic timescales to evaluate surface flux estimates commonly used in carbon cycle models. We find that simulations using Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) biospheric fluxes underestimate both the  CO2  seasonal cycle amplitude throughout the Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes and the meridional gradient during the growing season. Simulations using CASA net ecosystem exchange (NEE) with increased and phase-shifted boreal fluxes better fit the observations. Our simulations suggest that climatological mean CASA fluxes underestimate boreal growing season NEE (between 45-65°N) by~40 %. We describe the implications for this large seasonal exchange on inference of the net Northern Hemisphere terrestrial carbon sink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Boundary layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - Estimation theory
N1  - Accession Number: 77424552; Keppel-Aleks, G. 1; Email Address: gka@alum.mit.edu; Wennberg, P. O. 1; Washenfelder, R. A. 2; Wunch, D. 1; Schneider, T. 1; Toon, G. C. 3; Andres, R. J. 4; Blavier, J.-F. 3; Connor, B. 5; Davis, K. J. 6; Desai, A. R. 7; Messerschmidt, J. 8; Notholt, J. 8; Roehl, C. M. 1; Sherlock, V. 9; Stephens, B. B. 10; Vay, S. A. 11; Wofsy, S. C. 12; Dai, M.; Affiliations: 1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA; 4: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 5: BC Consulting, New Zealand; 6: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 7: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; 8: University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 9: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, VA, USA; 12: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p875; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: Estimation theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bg-9-875-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, Jack R.
AU  - Boles, John A.
AU  - Baurle, Robert A.
T1  - Large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of a supersonic reacting wall jet
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 159
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1138
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: This work presents results from large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (LES/RANS) simulations of the well-known Burrows–Kurkov supersonic reacting wall-jet experiment. Generally good agreement with experimental mole fraction, stagnation temperature, and Pitot pressure profiles is obtained for non-reactive mixing of the hydrogen jet with a non-vitiated air stream. A lifted flame, stabilized between 15 and 20cm downstream of the hydrogen jet, is formed for hydrogen injected into a vitiated air stream. Flame stabilization occurs closer to the hydrogen injection location when a three-dimensional combustor geometry (with boundary layer development resolved on all walls) is considered. Volumetric expansion of the reactive shear layer is accompanied by the formation of large eddies which interact strongly with the reaction zone. Time averaged predictions of the reaction zone structure show an under-prediction of the peak water concentration and stagnation temperature, relative to experimental data, but display generally good agreement with the extent of the reaction zone. Reactive scalar scatter plots indicate that the flame exhibits a transition from a partially-premixed flame structure, characterized by intermittent heat release, to a diffusion-flame structure that could probably be described by a strained laminar flamelet model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Matter -- Properties
KW  - Navier-Stokes equations
KW  - Jets (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Eddies
KW  - Geometry
KW  - Supersonic aerodynamics
KW  - Large-eddy simulation
KW  - Supersonic combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 70948683; Edwards, Jack R. 1; Email Address: jredward@ncsu.edu; Boles, John A. 2; Baurle, Robert A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Campus Box 7910, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; 2: Taitech Inc., Blsdg. 18-D, Room 235, WPAFB, OH 45433, United States; 3: Hypersonic Air-Breathing Propulsion Branch, Mail Stop 168, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 159 Issue 3, p1127; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen; Thesaurus Term: Diffusion; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Matter -- Properties; Subject Term: Navier-Stokes equations; Subject Term: Jets (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Eddies; Subject Term: Geometry; Subject Term: Supersonic aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large-eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic combustion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.10.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yeom, Kiwon
AU  - Park, Ji-Hyung
T1  - Morphological approach for autonomous and adaptive systems based on self-reconfigurable modular agents
JO  - Future Generation Computer Systems
JF  - Future Generation Computer Systems
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 533
EP  - 543
SN  - 0167739X
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes a novel approach for managing self-organizing, distributed modular components in dynamically changing environments. The main concept is to fabricate a system which is composed of dynamically associated modular agents, that can migrate and reorganize by itself while the system is being executed. Association between modular agents can be varied and transmuted according to components’ own migration schemes including deployment based on biological processes. This paper presents a self-organizable architecture, which can reorganize and reconfigure a system based on modular agents. It is contrived through observation of biological phenomena, and implements a platform to host the architecture in dynamically changing environments. We draw several key features of the modular agents, describe the principles of the modular agent based self-organizable framework, and depict how the proposed framework satisfies the functional requirements of network applications, which are made of several agents. We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the framework through examining some simulation results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Future Generation Computer Systems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER network architectures
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - SCALABILITY (Systems engineering)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - SELF-organizing systems
KW  - COMPUTING platforms
KW  - Federation of agents
KW  - Modular agents
KW  - Morphogenesis
KW  - Self-organization
N1  - Accession Number: 67136042; Yeom, Kiwon 1,2; Email Address: pragman@gmail.com; Park, Ji-Hyung 2; Affiliations: 1: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Center for Intelligence and Interaction, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p533; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER network architectures; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER networks; Thesaurus Term: SCALABILITY (Systems engineering); Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Thesaurus Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: SELF-organizing systems; Subject Term: COMPUTING platforms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Federation of agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modular agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.future.2011.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - García-Maldonado, José Q.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Celis, Lourdes B.
AU  - López-Cortés, Alejandro
T1  - Phylogenetic diversity of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene and methanogenesis from trimethylamine in hypersaline environments.
JO  - International Microbiology
JF  - International Microbiology
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 41
SN  - 11396709
AB  - Methanogens have been reported in complex microbial communities from hypersaline environments, but little is known about their phylogenetic diversity. In this work, methane concentrations in environmental gas samples were determined while methane production rates were measured in microcosm experiments with competitive and non-competitive substrates. In addition, the phylogenetic diversity of methanogens in microbial mats from two geographical locations was analyzed: the well studied Guerrero Negro hypersaline ecosystem, and a site not previously investigated, namely Laguna San Ignacio, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Methanogenesis in these microbial mats was suspected based on the detection of methane (in the range of 0.00086 to 3.204 %) in environmental gas samples. Microcosm experiments confirmed methane production by the mats and demonstrated that it was promoted only by non-competitive substrates (trimethylamine and methanol), suggesting that methylotrophy is the main characteristic process by which these hypersaline microbial mats produce methane. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of the methyl coenzyme-M reductase (mcrA) gene from natural and manipulated samples revealed various methylotrophic methanogens belonging exclusively to the family Methanosarcinaceae. Moderately halophilic microorganisms of the genus Methanohalophilus were predominant (>60 % of mcrA sequences retrieved). Slightly halophilic and marine microorganisms of the genera Methcmococcoides and Methanolobus, respectively, were also identified, but in lower abundances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Microbiology is the property of Spanish Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Trimethylamine
KW  - Reductases
KW  - Coenzymes
KW  - gene mcrA
KW  - hypersaline environments
KW  - Methanosarcinaceae
KW  - microbial mats
KW  - trimethylamine
N1  - Accession Number: 77504007; García-Maldonado, José Q. 1; Bebout, Brad M. 2; Celis, Lourdes B. 3; López-Cortés, Alejandro 1; Email Address: alopez04@cibnor.mx; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico; 2: Exobiology Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Applied Geosciences Division, Scientific and Technological Research Institute of San Luis Potosi (IPICYT), San Luis Potosi, Mexico; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p33; Thesaurus Term: Phylogeny; Subject Term: Amino acids; Subject Term: Trimethylamine; Subject Term: Reductases; Subject Term: Coenzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: gene mcrA; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypersaline environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanosarcinaceae; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial mats; Author-Supplied Keyword: trimethylamine; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2436/20.1501.01.155
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castner, Raymond
T1  - Exhaust Nozzle Plume Effects on Sonic Boom.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 422
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Reducing or eliminating the operational restrictions of supersonic aircraft over populated areas has led to research on the sonic boom. To make the sonic boom acceptable, both the leading and trailing shocks need to be reduced. Progress has been made previously to reduce the leading shock through aircraft shaping. Analysis and testing for an isolated nozzle configuration was performed to study the trailing shock waves caused by the exhaust nozzle plume. Both computational fluid dynamics analysis and wind-tunnel testing show how the shock wave formed at the nozzle lip interacts with the nozzle boat-tail expansion wave. Results demonstrate how underexpanded nozzle flow can be associated with a reduction in the strength of the trailing shock wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXHAUST nozzles
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 75244966; Source Information: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p415; Subject Term: EXHAUST nozzles; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031305
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chadegani, Alireza
AU  - Yang, Chihdar
AU  - Smeltzer III, Stanley S.
T1  - Adhesive-Bonded Composite Joint Analysis with Delaminated Surface Ply Using Strain-Energy Release Rate.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 520
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents an analytical model to determine the strain energy release rate due to an interlaminar crack of the surface ply in adhesively bonded composite joints subjected to axial tension. Single-lap shear-joint standard test-specimen geometry with thick bondline is followed for model development. The field equations are formulated by using the first-order shear-deformation theory in laminated plates together with kinematics relations and force equilibrium conditions. The stress distributions for the adherends and adhesive are determined after the appropriate boundary and loading conditions are applied and the equations for the field displacements are solved. The system of second-order differential equations is solved to using the symbolic computation tool Maple 9.52 to provide displacements fields. The equivalent forces at the tip of the prescribed interlaminar crack are obtained based on interlaminar stress distributions. The strain energy release rate of the crack is then determined by using the crack closure method. Finite element analyses using the J integral as well as the crack closure method are performed to verify the developed analytical model. It has been shown that the results using the analytical method correlate well with the results from the finite element analyses. An attempt is made to predict the failure loads of the joints based on limited test data from the literature. The effectiveness of the inclusion of bondline thickness is justified when compared with the results obtained from the previous model in which a thin bondline and uniform adhesive stresses through the bondline thickness are assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
N1  - Accession Number: 75244974; Source Information: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p503; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 18p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031516
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Wind-Tunnel Balance Characterization for Hypersonic Research Applications.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 565
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Wind-tunnel research was recently conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center's 31-Inch Mach 10 Hypersonic Facility in support of the Mars Science Laboratory's aerodynamic program. Researchers were interested in understanding the interaction between the freestream flow and the reaction control system onboard the entry vehicle. A five-component balance, designed for hypersonic testing with pressurized flow-through capability, was used. In addition to the aerodynamic forces, the balance was exposed to both thermal gradients and varying internal cavity pressures. Historically, the effect of these environmental conditions on the response of the balance have not been fully characterized due to the limitations in the calibration facilities. Through statistical design of experiments, thermal and pressure effects were strategically and efficiently integrated into the calibration of the balance. As a result of this new approach, researchers were able to use the balance continuously throughout the wide range of temperatures and pressures and obtain real-time results. Although this work focused on a specific application, the methodology shown can be applied more generally to any force measurement system calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 75244978; Source Information: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p556; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031567
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru P.
T1  - Aeroelasticity of a Helicopter Blade Using the Euler Equations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 662
EP  - 664
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The article discusses a study which performed aeroelastic computations for a rotating blade by time-accurately integrating the Euler flow equations with the modal structural equations. It was noted that the computations can be made without arbitrarily tuning the results using low-fidelity lookup tables for aerodynamic data. To make flight measurements, only primitive inputs were used.
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - STRUCTURAL equation modeling
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 75244991; Source Information: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p662; Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL equation modeling; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031571
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gonzalez, P.
AU  - Tucker, C.J.
AU  - Sy, H.
T1  - Tree density and species decline in the African Sahel attributable to climate
JO  - Journal of Arid Environments
JF  - Journal of Arid Environments
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 78
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 64
SN  - 01401963
AB  - Abstract: Increased aridity and human population have reduced tree cover in parts of the African Sahel and degraded resources for local people. Yet, tree cover trends and the relative importance of climate and population remain unresolved. From field measurements, aerial photos, and Ikonos satellite images, we detected significant 1954–2002 tree density declines in the western Sahel of 18 ± 14% (P = 0.014, n = 204) and 17 ± 13% (P = 0.0009, n = 187). From field observations, we detected a significant 1960–2000 species richness decline of 21 ± 11% (P = 0.0028, n = 14) across the Sahel and a southward shift of the Sahel, Sudan, and Guinea zones. Multivariate analyses of climate, soil, and population showed that temperature most significantly (P < 0.001) explained tree cover changes. Multivariate and bivariate tests and field observations indicated the dominance of temperature and precipitation, supporting attribution of tree cover changes to climate variability. Climate change forcing of Sahel climate variability, particularly the significant (P < 0.05) 1901–2002 temperature increases and precipitation decreases in the research areas, connects Sahel tree cover changes to global climate change. This suggests roles for global action and local adaptation to address ecological change in the Sahel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Arid Environments is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forest density
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - Plant species
KW  - Aerial photographs
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Multivariate analysis
KW  - Sahel
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Climate variability
KW  - Desertification
KW  - Tree cover
KW  - Vegetation shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 69843480; Gonzalez, P. 1; Email Address: pgonzalez@cal.berkeley.edu; Tucker, C.J. 2; Sy, H. 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Forestry, University of California, Berkeley, 163 Mulford, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Réseau de Systèmes d'Alerte Précoce contre la Famine (Famine Early Warning Systems Network), B.P 222, Nouakchott, Mauritanie; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 78, p55; Thesaurus Term: Forest density; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Thesaurus Term: Plant species; Subject Term: Aerial photographs; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Multivariate analysis; Subject: Sahel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desertification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tree cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation shifts; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Gibson, C. Robert
AU  - Mader, Thomas H.
AU  - Ericson, Karen
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Heer, Martina
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Vision Changes after Spaceflight Are Related to Alterations in Folate- and Vitamin B-12-Dependent One-Carbon Metabolism1,2.
JO  - Journal of Nutrition
JF  - Journal of Nutrition
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 142
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 427
EP  - 431
SN  - 00223166
AB  - Approximately 20% (7 of 38) of astronauts on International Space Station (ISS) missions have developed measurable ophthalmic changes after flight. This study was conducted to determine if the folate- and vitamin B-12-dependent 1-carbon metabolic pathway is altered in these individuals. Since 2006, we have conducted experiments on the ISS to evaluate nutritional status and related biochemical indices of astronauts before, during, and after flight. Data were modeled to evaluate differences between individuals with ophthalmic changes (n = 5) and those without them (n = 15), all of whom were on ISS missions of 48-215 d. We also determined whether mean preflight serum concentrations of the 1-carbon metabolites and changes in measured cycloplegic refraction after flight were associated. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), cystathionine, 2-methylcitric acid (2MCA), and methylmalonic acid concentrations were 25-45% higher (P < 0.001) in astronauts with ophthalmic changes than in those without them. These differences existed before, during, and after flight. Preflight serum concentrations of Hcy and cystathionine, and mean in-flight serum folate, were correlated with change (postflight relative to preflight) values in refraction (P < 0.05), and preflight serum concentrations of 2MCA tended to be associated (P = 0.06) with ophthalmic changes. The biochemical differences observed in crewmembers with vision issues strongly suggest that their folate- and vitamin B-12-dependent 1-carbon transfer metabolism was affected before and during flight. The consistent differences in markers of 1-carbon metabolism between those who did and those who did not develop changes in vision suggest that polymorphisms in enzymes of this pathway may interact with microgravity to cause these pathophysiologic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon metabolism
KW  - Folic acid
KW  - Vitamin B12
KW  - Astronauts
KW  - Nutrition -- Evaluation
KW  - Homocysteine
KW  - Genetic polymorphisms
KW  - International Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 72081033; Zwart, Sara R. 1; Gibson, C. Robert 2; Mader, Thomas H. 3; Ericson, Karen 4; Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 1; Heer, Martina 5; Smith, Scott M. 6; Email Address: scott.m.smith@nasa.com; Affiliations: 1: Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX; 2: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, and Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, TX; 3: Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK; 4: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN; 5: Universiry of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, and Profil Institute for Metabolic Research GmbH, Neuss, Germany; 6: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, Space Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 142 Issue 3, p427; Thesaurus Term: Carbon metabolism; Subject Term: Folic acid; Subject Term: Vitamin B12; Subject Term: Astronauts; Subject Term: Nutrition -- Evaluation; Subject Term: Homocysteine; Subject Term: Genetic polymorphisms ; Company/Entity: International Space Station; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3945/jn.111.154245
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin, Lynne
AU  - O'Keefe, William
AU  - Schmidt, Lacey
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
AU  - Mauro, Robert
T1  - Houston, We Have a Problem Solving Model for Training.
JO  - Journal of Organizational Psychology
JF  - Journal of Organizational Psychology
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 68
SN  - 21583609
AB  - Like many organizations, NASA needs to efficiently train new employees to effectively handle a variety of complex situations. We describe how a model of problem solving for flight controllers was built through combining data, a number of decision models already in existence, and expertise. We then describe how the model was used to drive the construction of a new decision-making training program, containing both lessons (directed instruction) and different levels of simulated exercises (focused practice), that will be more efficient and as or more effective than previous training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Organizational Psychology is the property of North American Business Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECISION making -- Mathematical models
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - TRAINING
KW  - HOUSTON (Tex.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 94436782; Martin, Lynne 1; O'Keefe, William 2; Schmidt, Lacey 3; Barshi, Immanuel 4; Mauro, Robert; Affiliations: 1: San Jose State University Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center; 2: United Space Alliance, NASA Johnson Space Center; 3: EASI/Wyle, NASA Johnson Space Center; 4: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p57; Thesaurus Term: DECISION making -- Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: PROBLEM solving; Thesaurus Term: TRAINING; Subject: HOUSTON (Tex.) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bradley, Paul M.
AU  - Journey, Celeste A.
AU  - Kirshtein, Julie D.
AU  - Voytek, Mary A.
AU  - Lacombe, Pierre J.
AU  - Imbrigiotta, Thomas E.
AU  - Chapelle, Francis H.
AU  - Tiedeman, Claire J.
AU  - Goode, Daniel J.
T1  - Enhanced dichloroethene biodegradation in fractured rock under biostimulated and bioaugmented conditions.
JO  - Remediation Journal
JF  - Remediation Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 32
SN  - 10515658
AB  - Significant microbial reductive dechlorination of [1,2 14C] cis-dichloroethene (DCE) was observed in anoxic microcosms prepared with unamended, fractured rock aquifer materials, which were colonized in situ at multiple depths in two boreholes at the Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) in West Trenton, New Jersey. The lack of significant reductive dechlorination in corresponding water-only treatments indicated that chlororespiration activity in unamended, fractured rock treatments was primarily associated with colonized core material. In these unamended fractured rock microcosms, activity was highest in the shallow zones and generally decreased with increasing depth. Electron-donor amendment (biostimulation) enhanced chlororespiration in some but not all treatments. In contrast, combining electron-donor amendment with KB1 amendment (bioaugmentation) enhanced chlororespiration in all treatments and substantially reduced the variability in chlororespiration activity both within and between treatments. These results indicate (1) that a potential for chlororespiration-based bioremediation exists at NAWC Trenton but is limited under nonengineered conditions, (2) that the limitation on chlororespiration activity is not entirely due to electron-donor availability, and (3) that a bioaugmentation approach can substantially enhance in situ bioremediation if the requisite amendments can be adequately distributed throughout the fractured rock matrix. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remediation Journal is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. / Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 73047605; Bradley, Paul M. 1; Journey, Celeste A. 1; Kirshtein, Julie D. 2; Voytek, Mary A. 3; Lacombe, Pierre J. 4; Imbrigiotta, Thomas E. 4; Chapelle, Francis H. 1; Tiedeman, Claire J. 5; Goode, Daniel J. 6; Affiliations: 1: US Geological Survey, South Carolina Water Science Center; 2: US Geological Survey, Branch of Regional Research, Reston, Virginia; 3: US Geological Survey, Branch of Regional Research, Reston, Virginia; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Program, NASA headquarters; 4: US Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science Center; 5: US Geological Survey, Branch of Regional Research, Menlo Park, California; 6: US Geological Survey, Pennsylvania Water Science Center; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p21; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/rem.21308
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Charles
AU  - Ruffing, Steven
AU  - Kline, Robert
T1  - Solar-powered in situ soil washing with surfactant to collect LNAPL.
JO  - Remediation Journal
JF  - Remediation Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 79
SN  - 10515658
AB  - This article presents the findings of a sustainable, surfactant-enhanced, product recovery pilot-scale study (PSS) completed between January 2010 and May 2010 at the Hydrocarbon Burn Facility located at the John F. Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The goal of this study was to implement a unique, simple, and sustainable light nonaqueous-phase liquid (LNAPL) recovery process and evaluate site-specific volumes and rates of LNAPL that could be collected and the degree of soil and groundwater cleanup that could be achieved. The recovery process was a combination of groundwater recirculation at a rate of approximately 2.9 gallons per minute (11.0 liters per minute), soil washing via LNAPL mobilization, and collection of LNAPL via a hydrophobic LNAPL skimmer. A biodegradable surfactant, ECOSURFTM SA-15, was added to the recirculation line to lower the interfacial tension and facilitate LNAPL recovery via mobilization. All equipment (submersible pump, LNAPL skimmer, surfactant feed pump, controls, and various other equipment) used was powered by a solar panel array. Approximately 60 gallons (227 liters) or 429 pounds (195 kilograms) of LNAPL were collected at the recirculation site over approximately three months during the PSS. The data suggest that surfactant amendments greatly enhanced free product collection. The maximum rate of free product collection was approximately 1 gallon (3.8 liters) per day. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remediation Journal is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. / Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 73047607; Miller, Charles 1; Ruffing, Steven 1; Kline, Robert 2; Affiliations: 1: Tetra Tech, Inc.; 2: NASA; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p69; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/rem.21311
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ginman, Richard
AU  - Connolly, Mindy S.
AU  - McNally, William P.
T1  - NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/03/02/
VL  - 77
IS  - 42
M3  - Article
SP  - 12912
EP  - 12913
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article provides information on a notice by the U.S. Department of Defense, U.S. General Services Administration and U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration presenting the summary of final Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) rules agreed by the Civilian Agency Acquisition Council and the Defense Acquisition Regulations Council in this Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-56. The rules include Women-Owned Small Business Program, Socioeconomic Program Parity and Government Property.
KW  - GOVERNMENT agencies
KW  - LEGISLATIVE amendments
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Defense
KW  - UNITED States. General Services Administration
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 73172025; Ginman, Richard 1; Connolly, Mindy S. 2; McNally, William P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Director, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy; 2: Chief Acquisition Officer, U.S. General Services Administration; 3: Assistant Administrator for Procurement, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 3/2/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 42, p12912; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT agencies; Subject Term: LEGISLATIVE amendments; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Defense ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. General Services Administration ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ginman, Richard
AU  - Connolly, Mindy S.
AU  - McNally, William P.
T1  - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-57; Introduction.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/03/07/
VL  - 77
IS  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 13952
EP  - 13952
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article presents information on a notice issued by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. General Services Administration, and the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to summarize the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). As per the notice, the summary has been provided in accordance with the U.S. Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act. According to the notice, the FAR will become effective from March 15, 2012.
KW  - GOVERNMENT regulation
KW  - FREE trade
KW  - LAW & legislation
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Defense
KW  - UNITED States. General Services Administration
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 73461707; Ginman, Richard; Connolly, Mindy S. 1; McNally, William P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Chief Acquisition Officer, U.S. General Services Administration.; 2: Assistant Administrator for Procurement, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 3/7/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 45, p13952; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT regulation; Thesaurus Term: FREE trade; Subject Term: LAW & legislation; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Defense ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. General Services Administration ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haustein, K.
AU  - Pérez, C.
AU  - Baldasano, J. M.
AU  - Jorba, O.
AU  - Basart, S.
AU  - Miller, R. L.
AU  - Janjic, Z.
AU  - Black, T.
AU  - Nickovic, S.
AU  - Todd, M. C.
AU  - Washington, R.
AU  - Müller, D.
AU  - Tesche, M.
AU  - B.Weinzierl
AU  - Esselborn, M.
AU  - Schladitz, A.
AU  - Jo¨ckel, P.
T1  - Atmospheric dust modeling from meso to global scales with the online NMMB/BSC-Dust model - Part 2: Experimental campaigns in Northern Africa.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/03/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2933
EP  - 2958
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The new NMMB/BSC-Dust model is intended to provide short to medium-range weather and dust forecasts from regional to global scales. It is an online model in which the dust aerosol dynamics and physics are solved at each model time step. The companion paper (Pérez et al., 2011) develops the dust model parameterizations and provides daily to annual evaluations of the model for its global and regional configurations. Modeled aerosol optical depth (AOD) was evaluated against AERONET Sun photometers over Northern Africa, Middle East and Europe with correlations around 0.6-0.7 on average without dust data assimilation. In this paper we analyze in detail the behavior of the model using data from the Saharan Mineral dUst experiment (SAMUM-1) in 2006 and the Bodélé Dust Experiment (BoDEx) in 2005. AOD from satellites and Sun photometers, vertically resolved extinction coefficients from lidars and particle size distributions at the ground and in the troposphere are used, complemented by wind profile data and surface meteorological measurements. All simulations were performed at the regional scale for the Northern African domain at the expected operational horizontal resolution of 25 km. Model results for SAMUM-1 generally show good agreement with satellite data over the most active Saharan dust sources. The model reproduces the AOD from Sun photometers close to sources and after long-range transport, and the dust size spectra at different height levels. At this resolution, the model is not able to reproduce a large haboob that occurred during the campaign. Some deficiencies are found concerning the vertical dust distribution related to the representation of the mixing height in the atmospheric part of the model. For the BoDEx episode, we found the diurnal temperature cycle to be strongly dependant on the soil moisture, which is underestimated in the NCEP analysis used for model initialization. The low level jet (LLJ) and the dust AOD over the Bodélé are well reproduced. The remaining negative AOD bias (due to underestimated surface wind speeds) can be substantially reduced by decreasing the threshold friction velocity in the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Dust
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Diurnal variations in meteorology
KW  - Photometers
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Africa
N1  - Accession Number: 77050591; Haustein, K. 1,2; Email Address: karsten.haustein@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Pérez, C. 3,4,5; Baldasano, J. M. 1,6; Jorba, O. 1; Basart, S. 1; Miller, R. L. 3,4; Janjic, Z. 7; Black, T. 7; Nickovic, S. 8; Todd, M. C. 9; Washington, R. 2; Müller, D. 10,11; Tesche, M. 12; B.Weinzierl 13; Esselborn, M. 13,14; Schladitz, A. 15; Jo¨ckel, P.; Affiliations: 1: Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Earth Science Department, Barcelona, Spain; 2: Climate Research Group, Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 3: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, USA; 4: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Math, Columbia University, New York, USA; 5: International Research Institute for Climate and Society, Palisades, New York, USA; 6: Environmental Modeling Laboratory, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain; 7: Environmental Modeling Center, National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, Maryland, USA; 8: Research Department, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 9: Department of Geography, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK; 10: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea; 11: Science Systems and Applications Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 12: Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 13: Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut f¨ur Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 14: European Southern Observatory, Technology Division, Garching, Germany; 15: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p2933; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Diurnal variations in meteorology; Subject Term: Photometers; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject: Africa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-2933-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Esteve, A. R.
AU  - Ogren, J. A.
AU  - Sheridan, P. J.
AU  - Andrews, E.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
AU  - Utrillas, M. P.
AU  - Gerasopoulos, E.
T1  - Sources of discrepancy between aerosol optical depth obtained from AERONET and in-situ aircraft profiles.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/03/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2987
EP  - 3003
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Aerosol optical properties were measured by NOAA's Airborne Aerosol Observatory over Bondville, Illinois, during more than two years using a light aircraft. Measured properties included total light scattering, backscattering, and absorption, while calculated parameters included aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångstro¨m exponent, singlescattering albedo, hemispheric backscatter fraction, asymmetry parameter, and submicrometer mode fraction of scattering. The in-situ aircraft measurements are compared here with AERONET measurements and retrievals of the aerosol optical properties at the same location, although it is difficult to verify the AERONET retrieval algorithm at a site that is not highly polluted. The comparison reveals discrepancies between the aerosol properties retrieved from AERONET and from in-situ aircraft measurements. These discrepancies are smaller for the AOD, while the biggest discrepancies are for the other derived aerosol properties. Possible sources of discrepancy between the AOD measured by AERONET and the one calculated from the in-situ aircraft measurements are investigated. The largest portion of the AOD discrepancy is likely due to an incorrect adjustment to ambient RH of the scattering coefficient. Another significant part (along with uncertain nephelometer truncation corrections) may come from the possibility that there might be less aerosol below the lowest flight altitude or that the aircraft inlet excludes aerosol particles larger than 5-7 µm diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Light aircraft
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Asymmetry (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 77050594; Esteve, A. R. 1; Email Address: anna.esteve@uv.es; Ogren, J. A. 2; Sheridan, P. J. 2; Andrews, E. 2,3; Holben, B. N. 4; Utrillas, M. P. 1; Gerasopoulos, E.; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 2: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p2987; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: Light aircraft; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Asymmetry (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-2987-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Kacenelenbogen, M.
AU  - Remer, L. A.
AU  - Quaas, J.
T1  - The comparison of MODIS-Aqua (C5) and CALIOP (V2&V3) aerosol optical depth.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/03/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3025
EP  - 3043
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We assess the consistency between instantaneously collocated level-2 aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from MODIS-Aqua (C5) and CALIOP (Version 2&3), comparing the standard MODIS AOD (MYD04 L2) data to the AOD calculated from CALIOP aerosol extinction profiles for both the previous release (V2) and the latest release (V3) of CALIOP data. Based on data collected in January 2007, we investigate the most useful criteria for screening the MODIS and CALIOP retrievals to achieve the best agreement between the two data sets. Applying these criteria to eight months of data (Jan, Apr, Jul, Oct 2007 and 2009), we find an order of magnitude increase for the CALIOP V3 data density (by comparison to V2), that is generally accompanied by equal or better agreement with MODIS AOD. Differences in global, monthly mean, over-ocean AOD (532 nm) between CALIOP and MODIS range between 0.03 and 0.04 for CALIOP V3, with CALIOP generally biased low, when all available data from both sensors are considered. Rootmean-squares (RMS) differences in instantaneously collocated AOD retrievals by the two instruments are reduced from values ranging between 0.14 and 0.19 using the unscreened V3 data to values ranging from 0.09 to 0.1 for the screened data. A restriction to scenes with cloud fractions less than 1% (as defined in the MODIS aerosol retrievals) generally results in improved correlation (R² >0.5), except for the month of July when correlations remain relatively lower. Regional assessments show hot spots in disagreement between the two sensors in Asian outflow during April and off the coast of South Africa in July. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hot spots (Geology)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Standard deviations
KW  - Information retrieval
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 77050596; Redemann, J. 1; Email Address: jens.redemann-1@nasa.gov; Vaughan, M. A. 2; Zhang, Q. 1; Shinozuka, Y. 1; Russell, P. B. 3; Livingston, J. M. 4; Kacenelenbogen, M. 1; Remer, L. A. 5; Quaas, J.; Affiliations: 1: BAER Institute/NASA Ames, 4742 Suffolk Ct., Ventura, CA 93003, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Bldg. 245, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: SRI, International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, code 613.2, Bldg. 33, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p3025; Thesaurus Term: Hot spots (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Standard deviations; Subject Term: Information retrieval; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-3025-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chowdhary, Jacek
AU  - Cairns, Brian
AU  - Waquet, Fabien
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk
AU  - Ottaviani, Matteo
AU  - Redemann, Jens
AU  - Travis, Larry
AU  - Mishchenko, Michael
T1  - Sensitivity of multiangle, multispectral polarimetric remote sensing over open oceans to water-leaving radiance: Analyses of RSP data acquired during the MILAGRO campaign
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/03/15/
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 284
EP  - 308
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: For remote sensing of aerosol over the ocean, there is a contribution from light scattered under water. The brightness and spectrum of this light depends on the biomass content of the ocean, such that variations in the color of the ocean can be observed even from space. Rayleigh scattering by pure sea water, and Rayleigh–Gans type scattering by plankton, causes this light to be polarized with a distinctive angular distribution. To study the contribution of this underwater light polarization to multiangle, multispectral observations of polarized reflectance over ocean, we previously developed a hydrosol model for use in underwater light scattering computations that produces realistic variations of the ocean color and the underwater light polarization signature of pure sea water. In this work we review this hydrosol model, include a correction for the spectrum of the particulate scattering coefficient and backscattering efficiency, and discuss its sensitivity to variations in colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and in the scattering function of marine particulates. We then apply this model to measurements of total and polarized reflectance that were acquired over open ocean during the MILAGRO field campaign by the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). Analyses show that our hydrosol model faithfully reproduces the water-leaving contributions to RSP reflectance, and that the sensitivity of these contributions to Chlorophyll a concentration [Chl] in the ocean varies with the azimuth, height, and wavelength of observations. We also show that the impact of variations in CDOM on the polarized reflectance observed by the RSP at low altitude is comparable to or much less than the standard error of this reflectance whereas their effects in total reflectance may be substantial (i.e. up to >30%). Finally, we extend our study of polarized reflectance variations with [Chl] and CDOM to include results for simulated spaceborne observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polarimetric remote sensing
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Water -- Organic compound content
KW  - Seawater
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Light -- Scattering
KW  - Rayleigh scattering
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Water -- Optical properties
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Bio-optics
KW  - Case-1 waters
KW  - CDOM
KW  - Chlorophyll a
KW  - Hydrosol
KW  - MILAGRO
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Plankton
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - RSP
KW  - Scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 71412831; Chowdhary, Jacek 1,2; Email Address: jacek.chowdhary@nasa.gov; Cairns, Brian 1,2; Waquet, Fabien 3; Knobelspiesse, Kirk 1,2; Ottaviani, Matteo 2; Redemann, Jens 4; Travis, Larry 2; Mishchenko, Michael 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA; 2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA; 3: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France; 4: BAERI/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Mar2012, Vol. 118, p284; Thesaurus Term: Polarimetric remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Organic compound content; Thesaurus Term: Seawater; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject Term: Light -- Scattering; Subject Term: Rayleigh scattering; Subject Term: Optical polarization; Subject Term: Water -- Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bio-optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Case-1 waters; Author-Supplied Keyword: CDOM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll a; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: MILAGRO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean color; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plankton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: RSP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bian, H.
AU  - Colarco, P.
AU  - Chin, M.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Douglass, A. R.
AU  - Rodriguez, J. M.
AU  - Liang, Q.
AU  - Warner, J.
AU  - Chu, D. A.
AU  - Crounse, J.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Da Silva, A.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Nielsen, J. E.
AU  - Pawson, S.
T1  - Investigation of source attributions of pollution to the Western Arctic during the NASA ARCTAS field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 8823
EP  - 8855
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We present analysis of simulations using the NASA GEOS-5 chemistry and transport model to quantify contributions from different continents to the Western Arctic pollution, to investigate pollution sources and to identify transport pathways. We compare DC-8 airborne measurements of CO, SO2, BC and SO4 from the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field campaigns (spring and summer, 2008) and observations from the AIRS instrument on NASA's Aqua satellite to demonstrate the strengths and limitations of our simulations and to support this application of the model. Comparisons of measurements along the flight tracks with regional averages show that the along-track measurements are representative of the region in April but not in July. Our simulations show that most Arctic pollutants are due to Asian anthropogenic emissions during April. Boreal biomass burning emissions and Asian anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance in July. European sources make little contribution to pollution in the campaign domain during either period. The most prevalent transport pathway of the tracers is from Asia to the Arctic in both April and July, with the transport efficiency stronger in spring than in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 77596546; Bian, H. 1,2; Email Address: huisheng.bian@nasa.gov; Colarco, P. 2; Chin, M. 2; Chen, G. 3; Douglass, A. R. 2; Rodriguez, J. M. 2; Liang, Q. 2,4; Warner, J. 1; Chu, D. A. 1,2; Crounse, J. 5; Cubison, M. J. 6; Da Silva, A. 2; Dibb, J. 7; Diskin, G. 3; Fuelberg, H. E. 8; Huey, G. 9; Jimenez, J. L. 6; Kondo, Y. 10; Nielsen, J. E. 2,11; Pawson, S. 2; Affiliations: 1: Joint Center for Environmental Technology UMBC, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, VA, USA; 4: Universities Space Research Association, GESTAR, Columbia, MD, USA; 5: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 8: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 9: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 10: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 11: Science Systems and Applications Inc, Lanham, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p8823; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 39p; Illustrations: 23 Graphs, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-8823-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Brune, W.
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Ren, X.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Anderson, B.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Beaver, M.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Crounse, J.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Hall, S. R.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Knapp, D.
AU  - Richter, D.
AU  - Riemer, D.
AU  - St. Clair, J.
T1  - An analysis of fast photochemistry over high northern latitudes during spring and summer using in-situ observations from ARCTAS and TOPSE.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 9377
EP  - 9450
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Observations of chemical constituents and meteorological quantities obtained during the two Arctic phases of the airborne campaign ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) are analyzed using an observationally constrained steady state box model. Measurements of OH and HO2 from the Penn State ATHOS instrument are compared to model predictions. Forty percent of OH measurements below 2km are at the limit of detection during the spring phase (ARCTAS-A). While the median observed-to-calculated ratio is near one, both the scatter of observations and the model uncertainty for OH are at the magnitude of ambient values. During the summer phase (ARCTAS-B), model predictions of OH are biased low relative to observations and demonstrate a high sensitivity to the level of uncertainty in NO observations. Predictions of HO2 using observed CH2O and H2O2 as model constraints are up to a factor of two larger than observed. A temperature-dependent terminal loss rate of HO2 to aerosol recently proposed in the literature is shown to be insufficient to reconcile these differences. A comparison of ARCTAS-A to the high latitude springtime portion of the 2000 TOPSE campaign (Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox) shows similar meteorological and chemical environments with the exception of peroxides; observations of H2O2 during ARCTAS-A were 2.5 to 3 times larger than those during TOPSE. The cause of this difference in peroxides remains unresolved and has important implications for the Arctic HOx budget. Unconstrained model predictions for both phases indicate photochemistry alone is unable to simultaneously sustain observed levels of CH2O and H2O2; however when the model is constrained with observed CH2O, H2O2 predictions from a range of rainout parameterizations bracket its observations. A mechanism suitable to explain observed concentrations of CH2O is uncertain. Free tropospheric observations of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) are 2-3 times larger than its predictions, though constraint of the model to those observations is sufficient to account for less than half of the deficit in predicted CH2O. The box model calculates gross O3 formation during spring to maximize from 1-4 km at 0.8 ppbv d-1, in agreement with estimates from TOPSE, and a gross production of 2-4 ppbv d-1 in the boundary layer and upper troposphere during summer. Use of the lower observed levels of HO2 in place of model predictions decreases the gross production by 25-50 %. Net O3 production is near zero throughout the ARCTAS-A troposphere, and is 1-2 ppbv in the boundary layer and upper altitudes during ARCTAS- B [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Prediction models
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 77596558; Olson, J. R. 1; Email Address: jennifer.r.olson@nasa.gov; Crawford, J. H. 1; Brune, W. 2; Mao, J. 3; Ren, X. 4; Fried, A. 5,6; Anderson, B. 1; Apel, E. 5; Beaver, M. 7; Blake, D. 8; Chen, G. 1; Crounse, J. 7; Dibb, J. 9; Diskin, G. 1; Hall, S. R. 5; Huey, L. G. 10; Knapp, D. 5; Richter, D. 5; Riemer, D. 11; St. Clair, J. 7; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Penn State, University Park, PA, USA; 3: Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA; 4: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, Silver Spring, MD, USA; 5: NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: INSTARR, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 8: University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 9: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 10: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 11: University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p9377; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Hydrogen peroxide; Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject Term: Prediction models; Subject Term: Arctic regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 74p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-9377-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weidhaas, Jennifer L.
AU  - Zigmond, Michael J.
AU  - Dupont, R. Ryan
T1  - Aerobic Biotransformation of N -Nitrosodimethylamine and N -Nitrodimethylamine by Benzene-, Butane-, Methane-, Propane-, and Toluene-Fed Cultures.
JO  - Bioremediation Journal
JF  - Bioremediation Journal
Y1  - 2012/04//Apr-Jun2012
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 85
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10889868
AB  - N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is an emerging contaminant of concern. N-nitrodimethylamine (DMNA) is a structural analog to NDMA. NDMA and DMNA have been found in drinking water, groundwater, and other media and are of concern due their toxicity. The authors evaluated biotransformation of NDMA and DMNA by cultures enriched from contaminated groundwater growing on benzene, butane, methane, propane, or toluene. Maximum specific growth rates of enriched cultures on butane (μmax = 1.1 h−1) and propane (μmax = 0.65 h−1) were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those presented in the literature. Growth rates of mixed cultures grown on benzene (μmax = 1.3 h−1), methane (μmax = 0.09 h−1), and toluene (μmax = 0.99 h−1) in these studies were similar to those presented in the literature. NDMA biotransformation rates for methane oxidizers (υmax = 1.4 ng min−1 mg−1) and toluene oxidizers (υmax = 2.3 ng min−1 mg−1) were comparable to those presented in the literature, whereas the biotransformation rate for propane oxidizers (υmax = 0.37 ng min−1 mg−1) was lower. NDMA biotransformation rates for benzene oxidizers (υmax = 1.02 ng min−1 mg−1) and butane oxidizers (υmax = 1.2 ng min−1 mg−1) were comparable to those reported for other primary substrates. These studies showed that DMNA biotransformation rates for benzene (υmax = 0.79 ng min−1 mg−1), butane (υmax = 1.0 ng min−1 mg−1), methane (υmax = 2.1 ng min−1 mg−1), propane (υmax = 1.46 ng min−1 mg−1), and toluene (υmax = 0.52 ng min−1 mg−1) oxidizers were all comparable. These studies highlight potential bioremediation methods for NDMA and DMNA in contaminated groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bioremediation Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dimethylnitrosamine
KW  - Aerobic bacteria
KW  - Benzene
KW  - Butane
KW  - Methane
KW  - Toluene
KW  - Bioremediation
KW  - Groundwater -- Pollution
KW  - Biotransformation in microorganisms
KW  - Propane
N1  - Accession Number: 76274041; Weidhaas, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: jennifer.weidhaas@mail.wvu.edu; Zigmond, Michael J. 2; Dupont, R. Ryan 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA; 3: Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA; Issue Info: Apr-Jun2012, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p74; Thesaurus Term: Dimethylnitrosamine; Thesaurus Term: Aerobic bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Benzene; Thesaurus Term: Butane; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Toluene; Thesaurus Term: Bioremediation; Thesaurus Term: Groundwater -- Pollution; Subject Term: Biotransformation in microorganisms; Subject Term: Propane; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 412110 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454312 Liquefied petroleum gas (bottled gas) dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10889868.2012.665961
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=76274041&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernard, Kévin
AU  - Tarabalka, Yuliya
AU  - Angulo, Jesús
AU  - Chanussot, Jocelyn
AU  - Benediktsson, Jón Atli
T1  - Spectral–Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Data Based on a Stochastic Minimum Spanning Forest Approach.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2008
EP  - 2021
SN  - 10577149
AB  - In this paper, a new method for supervised hyperspectral data classification is proposed. In particular, the notion of stochastic minimum spanning forest (MSF) is introduced. For a given hyperspectral image, a pixelwise classification is first performed. From this classification map, M marker maps are generated by randomly selecting pixels and labeling them as markers for the construction of MSFs. The next step consists in building an MSF from each of the M marker maps. Finally, all the M realizations are aggregated with a maximum vote decision rule in order to build the final classification map. The proposed method is tested on three different data sets of hyperspectral airborne images with different resolutions and contexts. The influences of the number of markers and of the number of realizations M on the results are investigated in experiments. The performance of the proposed method is compared to several classification techniques (both pixelwise and spectral–spatial) using standard quantitative criteria and visual qualitative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Image Processing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - SPANNING trees (Graph theory)
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Classification
KW  - hyperspectral image
KW  - Hyperspectral imaging
KW  - Image edge detection
KW  - Image segmentation
KW  - marker selection
KW  - minimum spanning forest (MSF)
KW  - multiple classifiers
KW  - Partitioning algorithms
KW  - stochastic
KW  - Support vector machines
KW  - Vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 73616105; Bernard, Kévin 1; Tarabalka, Yuliya 2; Angulo, Jesús 3; Chanussot, Jocelyn 4; Benediktsson, Jón Atli 1; Affiliations: 1: University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: Center of Mathematical Morphology, Department of Mathematics and Systems, École des Mines de Paris (Mines ParisTech), Fontainebleau, France; 4: Grenoble Images Speech Signals and Automatics Laboratory, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Saint Martin d'Hères, France; Issue Info: Apr2012, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p2008; Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Thesaurus Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: SPANNING trees (Graph theory); Subject Term: PIXELS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperspectral image; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image edge detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image segmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: marker selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: minimum spanning forest (MSF); Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple classifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partitioning algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Support vector machines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIP.2011.2175741
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=73616105&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burow, Luke C
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Bebout, Brad M
AU  - McMurdie, Paul J
AU  - Singer, Steven W
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Spormann, Alfred M
AU  - Weber, Peter K
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M
T1  - Hydrogen production in photosynthetic microbial mats in the Elkhorn Slough estuary, Monterey Bay.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 863
EP  - 874
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Hydrogen (H2) release from photosynthetic microbial mats has contributed to the chemical evolution of Earth and could potentially be a source of renewable H2 in the future. However, the taxonomy of H2-producing microorganisms (hydrogenogens) in these mats has not been previously determined. With combined biogeochemical and molecular studies of microbial mats collected from Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California, we characterized the mechanisms of H2 production and identified a dominant hydrogenogen. Net production of H2 was observed within the upper photosynthetic layer (0-2 mm) of the mats under dark and anoxic conditions. Pyrosequencing of rRNA gene libraries generated from this layer demonstrated the presence of 64 phyla, with Bacteriodetes, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria dominating the sequences. Sequencing of rRNA transcripts obtained from this layer demonstrated that Cyanobacteria dominated rRNA transcript pyrotag libraries. An OTU affiliated to Microcoleus spp. was the most abundant OTU in both rRNA gene and transcript libraries. Depriving mats of sunlight resulted in an order of magnitude decrease in subsequent nighttime H2 production, suggesting that newly fixed carbon is critical to H2 production. Suppression of nitrogen (N2)-fixation in the mats did not suppress H2 production, which indicates that co-metabolic production of H2 during N2-fixation is not an important contributor to H2 production. Concomitant production of organic acids is consistent with fermentation of recently produced photosynthate as the dominant mode of H2 production. Analysis of rRNA % transcript:% gene ratios and H2-evolving bidirectional [NiFe] hydrogenase % transcript:% gene ratios indicated that Microcoelus spp. are dominant hydrogenogens in the Elkhorn Slough mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrogen production
KW  - Photosynthetic bacteria
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Anoxic zones
KW  - Ribosomal RNA
KW  - Elkhorn Slough (Calif.)
KW  - Monterey Bay (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 73489343; Burow, Luke C 1; Woebken, Dagmar 1; Bebout, Brad M 2; McMurdie, Paul J 3; Singer, Steven W 4; Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 5; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 2; Spormann, Alfred M 3; Weber, Peter K 5; Hoehler, Tori M 2; Affiliations: 1: 1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 4: Division of Earth Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; 5: Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2012, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p863; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen production; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetic bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Anoxic zones; Subject Term: Ribosomal RNA; Subject: Elkhorn Slough (Calif.); Subject: Monterey Bay (Calif.); Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2011.142
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73489343&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephens, Graeme L.
AU  - Wild, Martin
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
AU  - L'Ecuyer, Tristan
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Henderson, David S.
T1  - The Global Character of the Flux of Downward Longwave Radiation.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2329
EP  - 2340
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Four different types of estimates of the surface downwelling longwave radiative flux (DLR) are reviewed. One group of estimates synthesizes global cloud, aerosol, and other information in a radiation model that is used to calculate fluxes. Because these synthesis fluxes have been assessed against observations, the global-mean values of these fluxes are deemed to be the most credible of the four different categories reviewed. The global, annual mean DLR lies between approximately 344 and 350 W m−2 with an error of approximately ±10 W m−2 that arises mostly from the uncertainty in atmospheric state that governs the estimation of the clear-sky emission. The authors conclude that the DLR derived from global climate models are biased low by approximately 10 W m−2 and even larger differences are found with respect to reanalysis climate data. The DLR inferred from a surface energy balance closure is also substantially smaller that the range found from synthesis products suggesting that current depictions of surface energy balance also require revision. The effect of clouds on the DLR, largely facilitated by the new cloud base information from the CloudSat radar, is estimated to lie in the range from 24 to 34 W m−2 for the global cloud radiative effect (all-sky minus clear-sky DLR). This effect is strongly modulated by the underlying water vapor that gives rise to a maximum sensitivity of the DLR to cloud occurring in the colder drier regions of the planet. The bottom of atmosphere (BOA) cloud effect directly contrast the effect of clouds on the top of atmosphere (TOA) fluxes that is maximum in regions of deepest and coldest clouds in the moist tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Wave energy
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Sea surface microlayer
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Earth temperature
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - Cap clouds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Energy budget/balance
KW  - Energy transport
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 73959536; Stephens, Graeme L. 1; Wild, Martin 2; Stackhouse, Paul W. 3; L'Ecuyer, Tristan 4; Kato, Seiji 3; Henderson, David S. 4; Affiliations: 1: ** Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 2: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Issue Info: Apr2012, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p2329; Thesaurus Term: Wave energy; Thesaurus Term: Ocean temperature; Thesaurus Term: Sea surface microlayer; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Earth temperature; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure; Thesaurus Term: Cap clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy budget/balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrologic cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmospheres; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00262.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=73959536&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stringer, David
AU  - Sheth, Pradip
AU  - Allaire, Paul
T1  - Physics-based modeling strategies for diagnostic and prognostic application in aerospace systems.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 162
SN  - 09565515
AB  - This paper presents physics-based models as a key component of prognostic and diagnostic algorithms of health monitoring systems. While traditionally overlooked in condition-based maintenance strategies, these models potentially offer a robust alternative to experimental or other stochastic modeling data. Such a strategy is particularly useful in aerospace applications, presented in this paper in the context of a helicopter transmission model. A lumped parameter, finite element model of a widely used helicopter transmission is presented as well as methods of fault seeding and detection. Fault detection through diagnostic vibration parameters is illustrated through the simulation of a degraded rolling-element bearing supporting the transmission's input shaft. Detection in the time domain and frequency domain is discussed. The simulation shows such modeling techniques to be useful tools in health monitoring analysis, particularly as sources of information for algorithms to compare with real-time or near real-time sensor data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STOCHASTIC models
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - Condition-based maintenance
KW  - Fault detection
KW  - Finite element modeling
KW  - Frequency error
KW  - Vibration analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 73276772; Stringer, David 1; Email Address: david.stringer@us.army.mil; Sheth, Pradip 2; Allaire, Paul 2; Email Address: pea@virginia.edu; Affiliations: 1: Army Research Lab, Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center (MS23-3), 21000 Brookpark Rd Cleveland 44039 USA; 2: University of Virginia, 122 Engineer's Way Charlottesville 22904 USA; Issue Info: Apr2012, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p155; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: STOCHASTIC models; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Thesaurus Term: FINITE element method; Thesaurus Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Author-Supplied Keyword: Condition-based maintenance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibration analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10845-009-0340-4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=73276772&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kinsey, John S.
AU  - Timko, Michael T.
AU  - Herndon, Scott C.
AU  - Wood, Ezra C.
AU  - Yu, Zhenhong
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard C.
AU  - Lobo, Prem
AU  - Whitefield, Philip
AU  - Hagen, Donald
AU  - Wey, Changlie
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Hudgins, Charles H.
AU  - Thornhill, K. Lee
AU  - Winstead, Edward
AU  - Howard, Robert
AU  - Bulzan, Dan I.
AU  - Tacina, Kathleen B.
AU  - Knighton, W. Berk
T1  - Determination of the emissions from an aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU) during the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX).
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 420
EP  - 430
SN  - 10962247
AB  - The emissions from a Garrett-AiResearch (now Honeywell) Model GTCP85–98CK auxiliary power unit (APU) were determined as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) using both JP-8 and a coal-derived Fischer Tropsch fuel (FT-2). Measurements were conducted by multiple research organizations for sulfur dioxide (SO2), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), speciated gas-phase emissions, particulate matter (PM) mass and number, black carbon, and speciated PM. In addition, particle size distribution (PSD), number-based geometric mean particle diameter (GMD), and smoke number were also determined from the data collected. The results of the research showed PM mass emission indices (EIs) in the range of 20 to 700 mg/kg fuel and PM number EIs ranging from 0.5 × 1015to 5 × 1015particles/kg fuel depending on engine load and fuel type. In addition, significant reductions in both the SO2and PM EIs were observed for the use of the FT fuel. These reductions were on the order of ∼90% for SO2and particle mass EIs and ∼60% for the particle number EI, with similar decreases observed for black carbon. Also, the size of the particles generated by JP-8 combustion are noticeably larger than those emitted by the APU burning the FT fuel with the geometric mean diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm depending on engine load and fuel type. Finally, both particle-bound sulfate and organics were reduced during FT-2 combustion. The PM sulfate was reduced by nearly 100% due to lack of sulfur in the fuel, with the PM organics reduced by a factor of ∼5 as compared with JP-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - FUEL
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85101565; Kinsey, John S. 1; Timko, Michael T. 2; Herndon, Scott C. 2; Wood, Ezra C. 2; Yu, Zhenhong 2; Miake-Lye, Richard C. 2; Lobo, Prem 3; Whitefield, Philip 3; Hagen, Donald 3; Wey, Changlie 4; Anderson, Bruce E. 5; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 5; Hudgins, Charles H. 6; Thornhill, K. Lee 6; Winstead, Edward 6; Howard, Robert 7; Bulzan, Dan I. 8; Tacina, Kathleen B. 8; Knighton, W. Berk 9; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; 2: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA; 3: Center of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA; 4: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 7: Aerospace Testing Alliance, Arnold Air Force Base, TN, USA; 8: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 9: Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Issue Info: Apr2012, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p420; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: FUEL; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10473289.2012.655884
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=85101565&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
AU  - Bridges, J. E.
AU  - Huff, D. L.
T1  - Evolution from 'tabs' to 'chevron technology' - a review.
JO  - Noise Notes
JF  - Noise Notes
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 48
PB  - Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd
SN  - 14754738
AB  - 'Chevrons', a sawtooth pattern on the trailing edge of exhaust nozzles, are being implemented on modern jet engines. The technology reduces jet noise for 'separate-flow' nozzles used on newer jet aircraft engines. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of this technology, starting with studies of 'tabs' in the 1980's and 1990's. The tabs, essentially chevrons with more aggressive penetration, were studied in those early years with a focus on mixing enhancement in jets. Observations from experimentalists in connection with mixing enhancement and plume signature reduction suggested that there might also be a noise benefit. In the mid-nineties, these devices, with mild penetration to minimize thrust loss, were first seriously explored for aircraft engine noise reduction purposes. Prompted by a strong need for jet noise reduction, the study became a joint NASA/industry effort that ultimately matured the chevron technology to production by mid-2000's. The process is an example of how fundamental studies over decades eventually migrate to application but often take a concerted effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Noise Notes is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chevron automobiles
KW  - Jet engines
KW  - Airplanes -- Motors
KW  - Automobile engines
KW  - Nozzles
N1  - Accession Number: 76169550; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1; Bridges, J. E. 1; Huff, D. L. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Apr2012, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: Chevron automobiles; Subject Term: Jet engines; Subject Term: Airplanes -- Motors; Subject Term: Automobile engines; Subject Term: Nozzles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 415290 Other new motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423120 Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silvestrini, Rachel T.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Aerospace Research through Statistical Engineering.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2012/04//Apr-Jun2012
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 305
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08982112
AB  - The application of statistical engineering as described here is applied to fundamental research in support of hypersonic air breathing propulsion. An aerospace experiment that took place in a wind tunnel is the application of interest. One goal of the project was to accurately model the relationship between specific input and output parameters in the hypersonic combustion process within a controlled environment. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied in a nontraditional manner to develop the response surface as the final deliverable rather than a tool to optimize a product or process. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Quality Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
KW  - METHODOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 73823507; Silvestrini, Rachel T. 1; Parker, Peter A. 2; Email Address: peter.a.parker@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Operations Research Department, Naval Postgraduate School, California; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Virginia; Issue Info: Apr-Jun2012, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p292; Thesaurus Term: ENGINEERING; Thesaurus Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2012.641146
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Statistical Engineering Perspective on Planetary Entry, Descent, and Landing Research.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2012/04//Apr-Jun2012
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
EP  - 316
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08982112
AB  - Statistical engineering emphasizes developing and leveraging statistical methods and tools to help identify and solve large, complex problems. Within NASA, these large, complex problems are known as the agency's “Grand Challenges.” Research in planetary entry, descent, and landing technologies is one of these challenges and is an expensive, resource-intensive endeavor that benefits from the rigorous approach of statistical engineering. This article highlights the contributions of statistical engineering to the Mars Science Laboratory mission and, more generally, planetary entry, descent, and landing research. For example, a new approach utilizing response surface methods was developed for characterizing a complex measurement system. In addition, we reflect on areas where early implementation of a statistical engineering approach can increase the overall impact of the research objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Quality Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 73823508; Commo, Sean A. 1; Email Address: sean.a.commo@nasa.gov; Parker, Peter A. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia; Issue Info: Apr-Jun2012, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p306; Thesaurus Term: ENGINEERING; Thesaurus Term: STATISTICS; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2012.641147
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moyer, Robert C.
AU  - Gainer, Mary E.
T1  - CHASING THEORY TO THE EDGE OF SPACE: The Development of the X-15 at NACA Langley Aeronautical Laboratory.
JO  - Quest: History of Spaceflight
JF  - Quest: History of Spaceflight
Y1  - 2012///2012 2nd Quarter
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 18
SN  - 10657738
AB  - The article discusses the role of the U.S. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Langley Aeronautical Laboratory in developing the X-15 rocket-plane. Topics include problems faced in researching flight at hypersonic speeds, research related to the thermodynamic aspects of the plane, and the involvement of engineer Charles McLellan in developing the design. Also addressed are the aerodynamic aspects of the plane's design, the creation of a wind tunnel for testing the plane, and a 1967 accident that killed test pilot Michael J. Adams.
KW  - X-15 (Rocket aircraft)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
KW  - ROCKET planes -- Design & construction
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Flight testing
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - HYPERSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - UNITED States. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
KW  - MCLELLAN, Charles
KW  - ADAMS, Michael J.
N1  - Accession Number: 75379879; Moyer, Robert C. 1; Gainer, Mary E. 2; Affiliations: 1 : Intern, Cultural Resources, NASA Langley Research Center; 2 : Historic Preservation Officer, NASA Langley Research Center;  Source Info: 2012 2nd Quarter, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p4; Historical Period: 1952 to 1967; Subject Term: X-15 (Rocket aircraft); Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Subject Term: ROCKET planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Flight testing; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC wind tunnels; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ahl
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morris, Linda E.
AU  - Williams, Christine R.
T1  - A behavioral framework for highly effective technical executives.
JO  - Team Performance Management
JF  - Team Performance Management
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 230
SN  - 13527592
AB  - Purpose -- This paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of behaviors effective technical managers and executives use to lead complex projects, programs and organizations. Design/methodology/approach - Described is a qualitative study to identify and document behaviors and attributes of effective technical executives at NASA. Methods included observation, shadowing and interviews with 14 NASA executives, who possessed a technical background and a systems orientation, and whom agency leadership identified as highly effective in their roles. Included also is a review of related theoretical and empirical scholarship on leadership and managerial effectiveness, focusing on research describing leaders' behaviors and competencies and approaches to deal with project and organizational complexity. Findings -- The study surfaced 225 observable behaviors clustered into 54 elements, within six broad themes: leadership, attitudes and attributes (including executive presence), communication, problem solving and systems thinking, political savvy and strategic thinking. Research limitations/implications -- Limitations include the small number of executives interviewed for 60-90 minutes and observed for a brief period. Future studies might include more executives, from a variety of organizations, and/or employ a quantitative approach based on or incorporating these findings. Practical implications -- The study's rich data will serve as a framework to help develop technical executives where complexity and technology drive the need for systems-oriented leaders with technical backgrounds. Originality/value -- The study and literature review provide a context for a deeper understanding of technical leaders' behaviors and use of systems thinking within complex situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Team Performance Management is the property of Emerald Group Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXECUTIVES -- Attitudes
KW  - LEADERSHIP
KW  - EXECUTIVE ability (Management)
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - STRATEGIC planning
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - Competencies
KW  - Competencies, Complexity
KW  - Complexity
KW  - Management effectiveness
KW  - Senior management
KW  - Systems thinking
KW  - Technical executives
N1  - Accession Number: 87743021; Morris, Linda E. 1; Email Address: linda_morrisll495@yahoo.com; Williams, Christine R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Adult Learning and Human Resource Development Program, Department of Human Development, VA Tech, National Falls Church, Virginia, USA; 2: NASA Academy of Program/Project and Engineering Leadership (APPEL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 18 Issue 3/4, p210; Thesaurus Term: EXECUTIVES -- Attitudes; Thesaurus Term: LEADERSHIP; Thesaurus Term: EXECUTIVE ability (Management); Thesaurus Term: PROBLEM solving; Thesaurus Term: STRATEGIC planning; Thesaurus Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Competencies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Competencies, Complexity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Complexity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Management effectiveness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Senior management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systems thinking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technical executives; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8605
L3  - 10.1108/13527591211241033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Planetary Protection Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/04/06/
VL  - 77
IS  - 67
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 20851
EP  - 20852
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. on May 1, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 74236573; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 4/6/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 67, p20851; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Commercial Space Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/04/06/
VL  - 77
IS  - 67
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 20852
EP  - 20852
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Cleveland, Ohio on May 1, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - CLEVELAND (Ohio)
N1  - Accession Number: 74236574; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 4/6/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 67, p20852; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: CLEVELAND (Ohio); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dörnbrack, A.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Orsolini, Y. J.
AU  - Nishii, K.
AU  - Nakamura, H.
AU  - Khosrawi, F.
T1  - The 2009-2010 Arctic stratospheric winter - general evolution, mountain waves and predictability of an operational weather forecast model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/04/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3659
EP  - 3675
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The relatively warm 2009-2010 Arctic winter was an exceptional one as the North Atlantic Oscillation index attained persistent extreme negative values. Here, selected aspects of the Arctic stratosphere during this winter inspired by the analysis of the international field experiment RECONCILE are presented. First of all, and as a kind of reference, the evolution of the polar vortex in its different phases is documented. Special emphasis is put on explaining the formation of the exceptionally cold vortex in mid winter after a sequence of stratospheric disturbances which were caused by upward propagating planetary waves. A major sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) occurring near the end of January 2010 concluded the anomalous cold vortex period. Wave ice polar stratospheric clouds were frequently observed by spaceborne remote-sensing instruments over the Arctic during the cold period in January 2010. Here, one such case observed over Greenland is analysed in more detail and an attempt is made to correlate flow information of an operational numerical weather prediction model to the magnitude of the mountain-wave induced temperature fluctuations. Finally, it is shown that the forecasts of the ECMWF ensemble prediction system for the onset of the major SSW were very skilful and the ensemble spread was very small. However, the ensemble spread increased dramatically after the major SSW, displaying the strong non-linearity and internal variability involved in the SSW event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Winter
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Mountain wave
KW  - Prediction models
KW  - Temperature effect
N1  - Accession Number: 77474644; Dörnbrack, A. 1; Email Address: andreas.doernbrack@dlr.de; Pitts, M. C. 2; Poole, L. R. 3; Orsolini, Y. J. 4; Nishii, K. 5; Nakamura, H. 5; Khosrawi, F. 6; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; 4: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; 5: Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 6: Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p3659; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Mountain wave; Subject Term: Prediction models; Subject Term: Temperature effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-3659-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Planetary Science Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/04/17/
VL  - 77
IS  - 74
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 22807
EP  - 22808
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. from May 8-9, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 74619623; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 4/17/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 74, p22807; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Som, Sanjoy M.
AU  - Catling, David C.
AU  - Harnmeijer, Jelte P.
AU  - Polivka, Peter M.
AU  - Buick, Roger
T1  - Air density 2.7 billion years ago limited to less than twice modern levels by fossil raindrop imprints.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/04/19/
VL  - 484
IS  - 7394
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 362
SN  - 00280836
AB  - According to the 'Faint Young Sun' paradox, during the late Archaean eon a Sun approximately 20% dimmer warmed the early Earth such that it had liquid water and a clement climate. Explanations for this phenomenon have invoked a denser atmosphere that provided warmth by nitrogen pressure broadening or enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. Such solutions are allowed by geochemical studies and numerical investigations that place approximate concentration limits on Archaean atmospheric gases, including methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen. But no field data constraining ground-level air density and barometric pressure have been reported, leaving the plausibility of these various hypotheses in doubt. Here we show that raindrop imprints in tuffs of the Ventersdorp Supergroup, South Africa, constrain surface air density 2.7 billion years ago to less than twice modern levels. We interpret the raindrop fossils using experiments in which water droplets of known size fall at terminal velocity into fresh and weathered volcanic ash, thus defining a relationship between imprint size and raindrop impact momentum. Fragmentation following raindrop flattening limits raindrop size to a maximum value independent of air density, whereas raindrop terminal velocity varies as the inverse of the square root of air density. If the Archaean raindrops reached the modern maximum measured size, air density must have been less than 2.3?kg?m?3, compared to today's 1.2?kg?m?3, but because such drops rarely occur, air density was more probably below 1.3?kg?m?3. The upper estimate for air density renders the pressure broadening explanation possible, but it is improbable under the likely lower estimates. Our results also disallow the extreme CO2 levels required for hot Archaean climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Methane
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - Archaean
KW  - Raindrops
KW  - Fossils
KW  - South Africa
N1  - Accession Number: 74436396; Som, Sanjoy M. 1; Catling, David C. 2; Harnmeijer, Jelte P. 3; Polivka, Peter M. 4; Buick, Roger 2; Affiliations: 1: 1] Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA [2] Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington 98145, USA [3] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.; 2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA; 3: 1] Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA [2] Sustainable Community Energy Network, Edinburgh Centre for Low Carbon Innovation, Edinburgh EH8 9AA, UK; 4: 1] Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA [2] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Issue Info: 4/19/2012, Vol. 484 Issue 7394, p359; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure; Subject Term: Archaean; Subject Term: Raindrops; Subject Term: Fossils; Subject: South Africa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature10890
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciesla, Fred J.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - Organic Synthesis via Irradiation and Warming of Ice Grains in the Solar Nebula.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/04/27/
VL  - 336
IS  - 6080
M3  - Article
SP  - 452
EP  - 454
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Complex organic compounds, including many important to life on Earth, are commonly found in meteoritic and cometary samples, though their origins remain a mystery. We examined whether such molecules could be produced within the solar nebula by tracking the dynamical evolution of ice grains in the nebula and recording the environments to which they were exposed. We found that icy grains originating in the outer disk, where temperatures were less than 30 kelvin, experienced ultraviolet irradiation exposures and thermal warming similar to that which has been shown to produce complex organics in laboratory experiments. These results imply that organic compounds are natural by-products of protoplanetary disk evolution and should be important ingredients in the formation of all planetary systems, including our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice
KW  - Irradiation
KW  - Astrophysics -- Research
KW  - Organic synthesis (Chemistry) -- Research
KW  - Nebulae
KW  - Protoplanetary disks
N1  - Accession Number: 75246080; Ciesla, Fred J. 1; Email Address: fciesla@uchicago.edu; Sandford, Scott A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60430, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 4/27/2012, Vol. 336 Issue 6080, p452; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Irradiation; Subject Term: Astrophysics -- Research; Subject Term: Organic synthesis (Chemistry) -- Research; Subject Term: Nebulae; Subject Term: Protoplanetary disks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1217291
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raatikainen, T.
AU  - Moore, R. H.
AU  - Lathem, T. L.
AU  - Nenes, A.
T1  - A coupled observation -- modeling approach for studying activation kinetics from measurements of CCN activity.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4227
EP  - 4243
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This paper presents an approach to study droplet activation kinetics from measurements of CCN activity by the Continuous Flow Streamwise Thermal Gradient CCN Chamber (CFSTGC) and a comprehensive model of the instrument and droplet growth. The model, which can be downloaded from http://nenes.eas.gatech.edu/Experiments/ CFSTGC.html, is evaluated against a series of experiments with ammonium sulfate calibration aerosol. Observed and modeled droplet sizes are in excellent agreement for a water vapor uptake coefficient ∼0.2, which is consistent with theoretical expectations. The model calculations can be considerably accelerated without significant loss of accuracy by assuming simplified instrument geometry and constant parabolic flow velocity profiles. With these assumptions, the model can be applied to large experimental data sets to infer kinetic growth parameters while fully accounting for water vapor depletion effects and changes in instrument operation parameters such as the column temperature, flow rates, sheath and sample flow relative humidities, and pressure. When the effects of instrument operation parameters, water vapor depletion and equilibrium dry particle properties on droplet size are accounted for, the remaining variations in droplet size are most likely due to non-equilibrium processes such as those caused by organic surface films, slow solute dissociation and glassy or highly viscous particle states. As an example of model application, data collected during a research flight in the ARCTAS 2008 campaign are analyzed. The model shows that water vapor depletion effects can explain changes in the observed average droplet size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Activation (Chemistry)
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Ammonium sulfate
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Chemical kinetics
KW  - Surfaces (Technology)
KW  - Temperature effect
N1  - Accession Number: 77482156; Raatikainen, T. 1; Moore, R. H. 2,3; Lathem, T. L. 1; Nenes, A. 1,2; Email Address: athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p4227; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Activation (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Condensation; Thesaurus Term: Ammonium sulfate; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Chemical kinetics; Subject Term: Surfaces (Technology); Subject Term: Temperature effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-4227-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuster, G. L.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - MacDonnell, D.
AU  - Su, W.
AU  - Winker, D.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Lapyonok, T.
AU  - Trepte, C.
T1  - Comparison of CALIPSO aerosol optical depth retrievals to AERONET measurements, and a climatology for the lidar ratio of dust.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 11641
EP  - 11697
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We compared CALIPSO column aerosol optical depths at 0.532 µm to measurements at 147 AERONET sites, synchronized to within 30 min of satellite overpass times during a 3-yr period. We found 677 suitable overpasses, and a CALIPSO bias of -13% relative to AERONET for the entire data set; the corresponding absolute bias is -0.029, and the standard deviation of the mean (SDOM) is 0.014. Consequently, the null hypothesis is rejected at the 97% confidence level, indicating a statistically significant difference between the datasets. However, if we omit CALIPSO columns that contain dust from our analysis, the relative and absolute biases are reduced to -3% and -0.005 with a standard error of 0.016 for 449 overpasses, and the statistical confidence level for the null hypothesis rejection is reduced to 27 %. We also analyzed the results according to the six CALIPSO aerosol subtypes and found relative and absolute biases of -29% and -0.1 for atmospheric columns that contain the dust subtype exclusively, but with a relatively high correlation coefficient of R = 0.58; this indicates the possibility that the assumed lidar ratio (40 sr) for the CALIPSO dust retrievals is too low. Hence, we used the AERONET size distributions, refractive indices, percent spheres, and forward optics code for spheres and spheroids to compute a lidar ratio climatology for AERONET sites located in the dust belt. The highest lidar ratios of our analysis occur in the non- Sahel regions of Northern Africa, where the median lidar ratio at 0.532 µm is 55.4 sr for 229 retrievals. Lidar ratios are somewhat lower in the African Sahel (49.7 sr for 929 retrievals), the Middle East (42.6 sr for 489 retrievals), and Kanpur, India (43.8 sr for 67 retrievals). We attribute this regional variability in the lidar ratio to the regional variability of the real refractive index of dust, as these two parameters are highly anticorrelated (correlation coefficients range from -0.51 to -0.85 for the various regions). The AERONET refractive index variability is consistent with the variability of illite con- centration in dust across the dust belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Dust
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Standard deviations
N1  - Accession Number: 77596594; Schuster, G. L. 1; Email Address: gregory.l.schuster@nasa.gov; Vaughan, M. 1; MacDonnell, D. 1; Su, W. 1; Winker, D. 1; Dubovik, O. 2; Lapyonok, T. 2; Trepte, C. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lillé 1, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p11641; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Standard deviations; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-11641-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hendrick, F.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Bodeker, G. E.
AU  - Boersma, K. F.
AU  - Chipperfield, M. P.
AU  - De Mazière, M.
AU  - De Smedt, I.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Fayt, C.
AU  - Hermans, C.
AU  - Kreher, K.
AU  - Lejeune, B.
AU  - Pinardi, G.
AU  - Servais, C.
AU  - Stübi, R.
AU  - van der A, R.
AU  - Vernier, J. P.
AU  - Van Roozendael, M.
T1  - Analysis of stratospheric NO2 trends above Jungfraujoch using ground-based UV-visible, FTIR, and satellite nadir observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 12357
EP  - 12389
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The trend in stratospheric NO2 column at the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) station of Jungfraujoch (46.5° N, 8.0° E) is assessed using ground-based FTIR and zenith-scattered visible sunlight SAOZ measurements over the period 1990 to 2009 as well as a composite satellite nadir data set constructed from ERS-2/GOME, ENVISAT/SCIAMACHY, and METOP-A/GOME-2 observations over the 1996--2009 period. To calculate the trends, a linear least squares regression model including explanatory variables for a linear trend, the mean annual cycle, the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO), solar activity, and stratospheric aerosol loading is used. For the 1990--2009 period, statistically indistinguishable trends of -3.7±1.1 %/decade and -3.6±0.9 %/decade are derived for the SAOZ and FTIR NO2 column time series, respectively. SAOZ, FTIR, and satellite nadir data sets show a similar decrease over the 1996--2009 period, with trends of -2.4±1.1 %/decade, -4.3±1.4 %/decade, and -3.6±2.2 %/decade, respectively. The fact that these declines are opposite in sign to the globally observed +2.5%/decade trend in N2O, suggests that factors other than N2O are driving the evolution of stratospheric NO2 at northern mid-latitudes. Possible causes of the decrease in stratospheric NO2 columns have been investigated. The most likely cause is a change in the NO2/NO partitioning in favor of NO, due to a possible stratospheric cooling and a decrease in stratospheric chlorine content, the latter being further confirmed by the negative trend in the ClONO2 column derived from FTIR observations at Jungfraujoch. Decreasing ClO concentrations slows the NO+ClO ! NO2 +Cl reaction and a stratospheric cooling slows the NO+O3→NO2 +O2 reaction, leaving more NOx in the form of NO. The slightly positive trends in ozone estimated from ground- and satellite-based data sets are also consistent with the decrease of NO2 through the NO2 +O3→NO3 +O2 reaction. Finally, we cannot rule out the possibility that a strengthening of the Dobson-Brewer circulation, which reduces the time available for N2O photolysis in the stratosphere, could also contribute to the observed decline in stratospheric NO2 above Jungfraujoch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Quasi-biennial oscillation (Meteorology)
KW  - Ultraviolet spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 77596613; Hendrick, F. 1; Email Address: franch@oma.be; Mahieu, E. 2; Bodeker, G. E. 3; Boersma, K. F. 4,5; Chipperfield, M. P. 6; De Mazière, M. 1; De Smedt, I. 1; Demoulin, P. 2; Fayt, C. 1; Hermans, C. 1; Kreher, K. 7; Lejeune, B. 2; Pinardi, G. 1; Servais, C. 2; Stübi, R. 8; van der A, R. 4; Vernier, J. P. 9,10; Van Roozendael, M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium; 2: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics of the University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; 3: Bodeker Scientific, Alexandra, New Zealand; 4: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, The Netherlands; 5: Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands; 6: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 7: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand; 8: MeteoSwiss, Payerne, Switzerland; 9: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 10: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p12357; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Quasi-biennial oscillation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Ultraviolet spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-12357-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Shi, X.
AU  - Zhang, K.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Gettelman, A.
AU  - Barahona, D.
AU  - Nenes, A.
AU  - Lawson, P.
T1  - Sensitivity studies of dust ice nuclei effect on cirrus clouds with the Community Atmosphere Model CAM5.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 13119
EP  - 13160
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In this study the effect of dust aerosol on upper tropospheric cirrus clouds through heterogeneous ice nucleation is investigated in the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) with two ice nucleation parameterizations. Both parameterizations consider homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation and the competition between the two mechanisms in cirrus clouds, but differ significantly in the number concentration of heterogeneous ice nuclei (IN) from dust. Heterogeneous nucleation on dust aerosol reduces the occurrence frequency of homogeneous nucleation and thus the ice crystal number concentration in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) cirrus clouds compared to simulations with pure homogeneous nucleation. Global and annual mean shortwave and longwave cloud forcing are reduced by up to 2Wm-2 due to the presence of dust IN, with the net cloud forcing change of -0.2 to -0.4Wm-2 (cooling). Comparison of model simulations with in situ aircraft data obtained in NH mid-latitudes suggests that homogeneous ice nucleation may play an important role in the ice nucleation at these regions with temperatures of 205--230 K. However, simulations overestimate observed ice crystal number concentrations in the tropical tropopause regions with temperatures of 190--205 K, and overestimate the frequency of occurrence of high ice crystal number concentration (>200 l-1) and underestimate the frequency of low ice crystal number concentration (<30 l-1) at NH mid-latitudes. These results highlight the importance of quantifying the number concentrations and properties of heterogeneous IN (including dust aerosol) in the upper troposphere from the global perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dust
KW  - Ice nuclei
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Ice crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 77596633; Liu, X. 1; Email Address: xiaohong.liu@pnnl.gov; Shi, X. 1,2; Zhang, K.; Jensen, E. J. 3; Gettelman, A. 4; Barahona, D. 5,6; Nenes, A. 7,8; Lawson, P. 9; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Science & Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 3200 Q Ave., MSIN K9-24, Richland, WA 99352, USA; 2: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 6: I. M. Systems Group, Rockville, MD, USA; 7: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 8: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 9: SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p13119; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Ice nuclei; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Number of Pages: 39p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-13119-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Min
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - Kulkarni, Sarika
AU  - Streets, David G.
AU  - Lu, Zifeng
AU  - Zhang, Qiang
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Kondo, Yutaka
AU  - Jimenez, Jose L.
AU  - Cubison, Michael J.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce
AU  - Wisthaler, Armin
T1  - Sectoral and geographical contributions to summertime continental United States (CONUS) black carbon spatial distributions
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 51
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 174
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: The sectoral and regional contributions from northern hemisphere anthropogenic and biomass burning emission sectors to black carbon (BC) distributions over the continental United States (CONUS) in summer 2008 are studied using the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM). North American (NA) emissions heavily (>70% of total emissions) affect the BC levels from the surface to ∼5 km, while non-NA plumes compose more than half of the BC above ∼5 km. Among all sectors, NA and non-NA biomass burning, NA transportation and non-NA residential emissions are the major contributors. The sectoral contributions vary among ten regions defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): NA anthropogenic emissions enhance northeastern US BC levels; biomass burning strongly impacts northern California and southeastern US; and the influence of extra-regional plumes is largest in the northwestern US but extends to eastern US. The mean contribution from non-NA sources to US surface BC is ∼0.05 μg m−3, with a maximum value of ∼0.11 μg m−3 in the northwestern US. The non-NA contributions to column BC are higher than to surface BC, ranging from 30% to 80%, depending on region. EPA region 8 is most sensitive to extra-regional BC, partially explaining the observed increasing BC trend there during the past decades associated with the increasing Asian BC emissions. Measurements from the June 24 DC-8 flight during the ARCTAS-CARB field campaign show that BC/(organic matter + nitrate + sulfate) mass ratios fairly well represent BC''s warming potential over southern California, which can be approximated by BC/(organic matter + sulfate) and BC/sulfate for plumes affected and unaffected by fires, respectively. The responses of BC/(organic matter + sulfate) and BC/sulfate to removing each emission sector are further discussed, indicating that mitigating NA transportation emissions has the highest potential for regional air quality and climate co-benefits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon-black
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Spatial analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Trends
KW  - United States
KW  - Black carbon
KW  - Sectoral and geographical contributions
KW  - Warming potential
N1  - Accession Number: 73339918; Huang, Min 1; Email Address: mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu; Carmichael, Gregory R. 1; Kulkarni, Sarika 1; Streets, David G. 2; Lu, Zifeng 2; Zhang, Qiang 3; Pierce, R. Bradley 4; Kondo, Yutaka 5; Jimenez, Jose L. 6; Cubison, Michael J. 6; Anderson, Bruce 7; Wisthaler, Armin 8; Affiliations: 1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 2: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA; 3: Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; 4: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI, USA; 5: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 6: CIRES and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 8: University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: May2012, Vol. 51, p165; Thesaurus Term: Carbon-black; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: Trends; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Black carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sectoral and geographical contributions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Warming potential; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Optimizing Vitamin D Supplementation in an Environment Without UV light Exposure.
AU  - Frey, Mary Anne
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 83
IS  - 5
SP  - 534
EP  - 536
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 74756874; Author: Frey, Mary Anne: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration /NASA, Human Research Program, U. S.; No. of Pages: 3; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20120507
N2  - The article discusses several studies concerning the optimization of Vitamin D supplementation in an environment which lacks exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. It says that the studies have revealed that Vitamin D intake serve as an effective way to increase the status of vitamin D for individuals who lack exposure to sunlight, such as astronauts. Moreover, the studies show that the enhancement of vitamin D status can provide protection against latent virus reactivation.
KW  - *VITAMIN D
KW  - *VITAMIN D in human nutrition
KW  - *ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - *DIETARY supplements
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - VIRUS reactivation
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - 2011 RFIC Symposium Mini-Special Issue Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 60
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1185
EP  - 1185
SN  - 00189480
AB  - In this article the author mentions that the papers included in the journal were originally presented at the IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium that was held in Baltimore, Maryland on June 5-10, 2011.
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - BALTIMORE (Md.)
KW  - MARYLAND
N1  - Accession Number: 74759692; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: May2012, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p1185; Thesaurus Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject: BALTIMORE (Md.); Subject: MARYLAND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2189285
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, John
AU  - Sommers, Bradley S.
AU  - Gucker, Sarah Nowak
AU  - Blankson, Isaiah M.
AU  - Adamovsky, Grigory
T1  - Perspectives on the Interaction of Plasmas With Liquid Water for Water Purification.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2012/05//5/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
Y1  - 2012/05//5/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1311
EP  - 1323
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Plasma production or plasma injection in liquid water affords one the opportunity to nonthermally inject advanced oxidation processes into water for the purpose of purification or chemical processing. Such technology could potentially revolutionize the treatment of drinking water, as well as current methods of chemical processing through the elimination of physical catalysts. Presented here is an overview of current water treatment technology, its limitations, and the future, which may feature plasma-based advanced oxidation techniques. As such, this field represents an emerging and active area of research. The role that plasma-driven water chemistry can play in addressing emerging threats to the water supply is discussed using case study examples. Limitations of conventional plasma injection approaches include limited throughput capacity, electrode erosion, and reduced process volume. At the University of Michigan, we are investigating two potential approaches designed to circumvent such issues. These include direct plasma injection using an underwater DBD plasma jet and the direct production of plasmas in isolated underwater bubbles via a pulsed electric field. These approaches are presented here, along with the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA injection
KW  - PLASMA production
KW  - WATER -- Purification
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
KW  - DRINKING water
KW  - WATER chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 75125902; Source Information: 5/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p1311; Subject Term: PLASMA injection; Subject Term: PLASMA production; Subject Term: WATER -- Purification; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: DRINKING water; Subject Term: WATER chemistry; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2180028
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DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huntzinger, D.N.
AU  - Post, W.M.
AU  - Wei, Y.
AU  - Michalak, A.M.
AU  - West, T.O.
AU  - Jacobson, A.R.
AU  - Baker, I.T.
AU  - Chen, J.M.
AU  - Davis, K.J.
AU  - Hayes, D.J.
AU  - Hoffman, F.M.
AU  - Jain, A.K.
AU  - Liu, S.
AU  - McGuire, A.D.
AU  - Neilson, R.P.
AU  - Potter, Chris
AU  - Poulter, B.
AU  - Price, David
AU  - Raczka, B.M.
AU  - Tian, H.Q.
T1  - North American Carbon Program (NACP) regional interim synthesis: Terrestrial biospheric model intercomparison
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2012/05/10/
VL  - 232
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 157
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Understanding of carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere can be improved through direct observations and experiments, as well as through modeling activities. Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) have become an integral tool for extrapolating local observations and understanding to much larger terrestrial regions. Although models vary in their specific goals and approaches, their central role within carbon cycle science is to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms currently controlling carbon exchange. Recently, the North American Carbon Program (NACP) organized several interim-synthesis activities to evaluate and inter-compare models and observations at local to continental scales for the years 2000–2005. Here, we compare the results from the TBMs collected as part of the regional and continental interim-synthesis (RCIS) activities. The primary objective of this work is to synthesize and compare the 19 participating TBMs to assess current understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle in North America. Thus, the RCIS focuses on model simulations available from analyses that have been completed by ongoing NACP projects and other recently published studies. The TBM flux estimates are compared and evaluated over different spatial (1°×1° and spatially aggregated to different regions) and temporal (monthly and annually) scales. The range in model estimates of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for North America is much narrower than estimates of productivity or respiration, with estimates of NEP varying between −0.7 and 2.2PgCyr−1, while gross primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration vary between 12.2 and 32.9PgCyr−1 and 5.6 and 13.2PgCyr−1, respectively. The range in estimates from the models appears to be driven by a combination of factors, including the representation of photosynthesis, the source and of environmental driver data and the temporal variability of those data, as well as whether nutrient limitation is considered in soil carbon decomposition. The disagreement in current estimates of carbon flux across North America, including whether North America is a net biospheric carbon source or sink, highlights the need for further analysis through the use of model runs following a common simulation protocol, in order to isolate the influences of model formulation, structure, and assumptions on flux estimates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Biological productivity -- Measurement
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Ecology
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology) -- Measurement
KW  - North America
KW  - Carbon fluxes
KW  - Intercomparison
KW  - North American Carbon Program
KW  - Regional
KW  - Terrestrial biospheric models
N1  - Accession Number: 74113773; Huntzinger, D.N. 1; Email Address: deborah.huntzinger@nau.edu; Post, W.M. 2; Wei, Y. 2; Michalak, A.M. 3; West, T.O. 4; Jacobson, A.R. 5,6; Baker, I.T. 7; Chen, J.M. 8; Davis, K.J. 9; Hayes, D.J. 2; Hoffman, F.M. 2; Jain, A.K. 10; Liu, S. 11; McGuire, A.D. 12; Neilson, R.P. 13; Potter, Chris 14; Poulter, B. 15; Price, David 16; Raczka, B.M. 9; Tian, H.Q. 17; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 5694, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, United States; 2: Earth Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States; 3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford, CA, United States; 4: Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, United States; 5: NOAA Earth System Research Lab Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States; 6: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; 7: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States; 8: Department of Geography and Program in Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 9: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; 10: Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; 11: United States Geologic Survey National Center for EROS, Sioux Falls, SD, United States; 12: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States; 13: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; 14: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; 15: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France; 16: Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; 17: Ecosystem Dynamics and Global Ecology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States; Issue Info: May2012, Vol. 232, p144; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: Biological productivity -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: Ecology; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: Primary productivity (Biology) -- Measurement; Subject: North America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: North American Carbon Program; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial biospheric models; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=74113773&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Page, M. J.
AU  - Symeonidis, M.
AU  - Vieira, J. D.
AU  - Altieri, B.
AU  - Amblard, A.
AU  - Arumugam, V.
AU  - Aussel, H.
AU  - Babbedge, T.
AU  - Blain, A.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Boselli, A.
AU  - Buat, V.
AU  - Castro-Rodríguez, N.
AU  - Cava, A.
AU  - Chanial, P.
AU  - Clements, D. L.
AU  - Conley, A.
AU  - Conversi, L.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Dowell, C. D.
T1  - The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/05/10/
VL  - 485
IS  - 7397
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 216
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The old, red stars that constitute the bulges of galaxies, and the massive black holes at their centres, are the relics of a period in cosmic history when galaxies formed stars at remarkable rates and active galactic nuclei (AGN) shone brightly as a result of accretion onto black holes. It is widely suspected, but unproved, that the tight correlation between the mass of the black hole and the mass of the stellar bulge results from the AGN quenching the surrounding star formation as it approaches its peak luminosity. X-rays trace emission from AGN unambiguously, whereas powerful star-forming galaxies are usually dust-obscured and are brightest at infrared and submillimetre wavelengths. Here we report submillimetre and X-ray observations that show that rapid star formation was common in the host galaxies of AGN when the Universe was 2-6 billion years old, but that the most vigorous star formation is not observed around black holes above an X-ray luminosity of 1044 ergs per second. This suppression of star formation in the host galaxy of a powerful AGN is a key prediction of models in which the AGN drives an outflow, expelling the interstellar medium of its host and transforming the galaxy's properties in a brief period of cosmic time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stars -- Formation
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Galaxies
KW  - Black holes (Astronomy)
KW  - Gravitational collapse
KW  - Interstellar matter
N1  - Accession Number: 75126798; Page, M. J. 1; Symeonidis, M. 1; Vieira, J. D. 2; Altieri, B. 3; Amblard, A. 4; Arumugam, V. 5; Aussel, H. 6; Babbedge, T. 7; Blain, A. 8; Bock, J. 9; Boselli, A. 10; Buat, V. 10; Castro-Rodríguez, N. 11; Cava, A. 12; Chanial, P. 6; Clements, D. L. 7; Conley, A. 13; Conversi, L. 3; Cooray, A. 14; Dowell, C. D. 9; Affiliations: 1: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK; 2: California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 3: Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain; 4: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 5: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK; 6: Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu - CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, CE-Saclay, pt courrier 131, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; 7: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK; 8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; 9: 1] California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 10: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille cedex 13, France; 11: 1] Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain [2] Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; 12: Departamento de Astrofísica, Facultad de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain; 13: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy 389-UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA; 14: 1] California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA; Issue Info: 5/10/2012, Vol. 485 Issue 7397, p213; Subject Term: Stars -- Formation; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Galaxies; Subject Term: Black holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: Gravitational collapse; Subject Term: Interstellar matter; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11096
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Wittiams, D. A.
AU  - Buczkowski, D. L.
AU  - Yingst, R. A.
AU  - Preusker, F.
AU  - Hiesinger, H.
AU  - Schmedemann, N.
AU  - Kneissl, T.
AU  - Vincent, J. B.
AU  - Blewett, D. T.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Carsenty, U.
AU  - Denevi, B. W.
AU  - De Sanctis, M. C.
AU  - Garry, W. B.
AU  - Keller, H. U.
AU  - Kersten, E.
AU  - Krohn, K.
AU  - J.-Y. Li
AU  - Marchi, S.
T1  - Vesta's Shape and Morphology.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/05/11/
VL  - 336
IS  - 6082
M3  - Article
SP  - 687
EP  - 690
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Vesta's surface is characterized by abundant impact craters, some with preserved ejecta blankets, large troughs extending around the equatorial region, enigmatic dark material, and widespread mass wasting, but as yet an absence of volcanic features. Abundant steep slopes indicate that impact-generated surface regolith is underlain by bedrock. Dawn observations confirm the large impact basin (Rheasilvia) at Vesta's south pole and reveal evidence for an earlier, underlying large basin (Veneneia). Vesta's geology displays morphological features characteristic of the Moon and terrestrial planets as well as those of other asteroids, underscoring Vesta's unique rote as a transitional solar system body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Astrogeology
KW  - Astronomical research
KW  - Near-earth asteroids -- Exploration
KW  - Impact craters
KW  - Space vehicles research
KW  - Vesta (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 76109031; Jaumann, R. 1,2; Email Address: ralf.jaumann@dlr.de; Wittiams, D. A. 3; Buczkowski, D. L. 4; Yingst, R. A. 5; Preusker, F. 1; Hiesinger, H. 6; Schmedemann, N. 2; Kneissl, T. 2; Vincent, J. B. 7; Blewett, D. T. 4; Buratti, B. J. 8; Carsenty, U. 1; Denevi, B. W. 4; De Sanctis, M. C. 9; Garry, W. B. 5; Keller, H. U. 10; Kersten, E. 1; Krohn, K. 1; J.-Y. Li 11; Marchi, S. 12; Affiliations: 1: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany; 2: Freie Universität Berlin, Planetary Sciences, Germany; 3: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 4: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 5: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 6: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany; 7: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 9: Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma, Italy; 10: Universität Braunschweig, Germany; 11: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 12: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lunar Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Issue Info: 5/11/2012, Vol. 336 Issue 6082, p687; Thesaurus Term: Astrogeology; Subject Term: Astronomical research; Subject Term: Near-earth asteroids -- Exploration; Subject Term: Impact craters; Subject Term: Space vehicles research; Subject Term: Vesta (Asteroid); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1219122
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klonecki, A.
AU  - Pommier, M.
AU  - Clerbaux, C.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Cammas, J.-P.
AU  - Coheur, P.-F.
AU  - Cozic, A.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Hadji-Lazaro, J.
AU  - Hauglustaine, D. A.
AU  - Hurtmans, D.
AU  - Khattatov, B.
AU  - Lamarque, J.-F.
AU  - Law, K. S.
AU  - Nedelec, P.
AU  - Paris, J.-D.
AU  - Podolske, J. R.
AU  - Prunet, P.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Szopa, S.
T1  - Assimilation of IASI satellite CO fields into a global chemistry transport model for validation against aircraft measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/05/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 4493
EP  - 4512
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This work evaluates the IASI CO product against independent in-situ aircraft data from the MOZAIC program and the POLARCAT aircraft campaign. The validation is carried out by analysing the impact of assimilation of eight months of IASI CO columns retrieved for the period of May to December 2008 into the global chemistry transport model LMDz-INCA. A modelling system based on a sub-optimal Kalman filter was developed and a specific treatment that takes into account the representativeness of observations at the scale of the model grid is applied to the IASI CO columns and associated errors before their assimilation in the model. Comparisons of the assimilated CO profiles with in situ CO measurements indicate that the assimilation leads to a considerable improvement of the model simulations in the middle troposphere as compared with a control run with no assimilation. Model biases in the simulation of background values are reduced and improvement in the simulation of very high concentrations is observed. The improvement is due to the transport by the model of the information present in the IASI CO retrievals. Our analysis also shows the impact of assimilation of CO on the representation of transport into the Arctic region during the POLARCAT summer campaign. A considerable increase in CO mixing ratios over the Asian source region was observed when assimilation was used leading to much higher values of CO during the cross-pole transport episode. These higher values are in good agreement with data from the POLARCAT flights that sampled this plume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cobalt
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 77928256; Klonecki, A. 1; Email Address: andrzej.klonecki@noveltis.fr; Pommier, M. 2,3; Clerbaux, C. 2,4; Ancellet, G. 2; Cammas, J.-P. 5; Coheur, P.-F. 4; Cozic, A. 6; Diskin, G. S. 7; Hadji-Lazaro, J. 2; Hauglustaine, D. A. 6; Hurtmans, D. 4; Khattatov, B. 8; Lamarque, J.-F. 8; Law, K. S. 2; Nedelec, P. 5; Paris, J.-D. 6; Podolske, J. R. 9; Prunet, P. 1; Schlager, H. 10; Szopa, S. 6; Affiliations: 1: NOVELTIS, Ramonville-Saint-Agne, France; 2: UPMC Univ. Paris 06; Université Versailles St-Quentin; CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 3: Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 4: Spectroscopie de l'Atmosph&egrave're, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium; 5: Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UMR5560, Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Toulouse, France; 6: LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Saclay, France; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 483, Hampton, USA; 8: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035, USA; 10: DLR, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p4493; Thesaurus Term: Cobalt; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Arctic regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-4493-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Komppula, M.
AU  - Mielonen, T.
AU  - Arola, A.
AU  - Korhonen, K.
AU  - Lihavainen, H.
AU  - Hyvärinen, A.-P.
AU  - Baars, H.
AU  - Engelmann, R.
AU  - Althausen, D.
AU  - Ansmann, A.
AU  - Müller, D.
AU  - Panwar, T. S.
AU  - Hooda, R. K.
AU  - Sharma, V. P.
AU  - Kerminen, V.-M.
AU  - Lehtinen, K. E. J.
AU  - Viisanen, Y.
AU  - Pöschl, U.
T1  - Technical Note: One year of Raman-lidar measurements in Gual Pahari EUCAARI site close to New Delhi in India -- Seasonal characteristics of the aerosol vertical structure.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/05/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 4513
EP  - 4524
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - One year of multi-wavelength (3 backscatter + 2 extinction + 1 depolarization) Raman lidar measurements at Gual Pahari, close to New Delhi, were analysed. The data was split into four seasons: spring (March-May), summer (June-August), autumn (September-November) and winter (December-February). The vertical profiles of backscatter, extinction, and lidar ratio and their variability during each season are presented. The measurements revealed that, on average, the aerosol layer was at its highest in spring (5.5 km). In summer, the vertically averaged (between 1- 3 km) backscatter and extinction coefficients had the highest averages (3.3Mm-1 sr-1 and 142Mm-1 at 532 nm, respectively). Aerosol concentrations were slightly higher in summer compared to other seasons, and particles were larger in size. The autumn showed the highest lidar ratio and high extinction-related Ångström exponents (AEext), indicating the presence of smaller probably absorbing particles. The winter had the lowest backscatter and extinction coefficients, but AEext was the highest, suggesting still a large amount of small particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - New Delhi (India)
KW  - India
N1  - Accession Number: 77928257; Komppula, M. 1; Email Address: mika.komppula@fmi.fi; Mielonen, T. 1; Arola, A. 1; Korhonen, K. 1; Lihavainen, H. 2; Hyvärinen, A.-P. 2; Baars, H. 3; Engelmann, R. 3; Althausen, D. 3; Ansmann, A. 3; Müller, D. 3,4,5; Panwar, T. S. 6; Hooda, R. K. 2,6; Sharma, V. P. 6; Kerminen, V.-M. 2,7; Lehtinen, K. E. J. 1,8; Viisanen, Y. 2; Pöschl, U.; Affiliations: 1: Finnish Meteorological Institute, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; 2: Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00101 Helsinki, Finland; 3: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; 4: Atmospheric Remote Sensing Laboratory, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Buk-Gu Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 6: The Energy and Resource Institute, Dabari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, 110 003 New Delhi, India; 7: Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; 8: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p4513; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject: New Delhi (India); Subject: India; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-4513-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdul-Aziz, Ali
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T
T1  - Modeling of thermal residual stress in environmental barrier coated fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2012/05/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1218
SN  - 00219983
AB  - For SiC/SiC composites to replace metallic materials in future turbine engines, prime reliant environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are required. However, due to the mismatch in thermal expansion and elastic modulus between the substrate and the coating, thermal residual stresses are generated in the coating after processing as well as during exposure to turbine engine operating conditions. The nature and magnitude of the thermal stresses will have a profound effect on the durability and reliability of the EBC. To estimate the magnitude of in-plane (x- and y-directions) and through-the-thickness (z-direction) thermal residual stresses in the coating, a finite element model (FEM) was developed. Using FEM, the residual stresses were predicted for three multilayered EBC systems considered for the SiC/SiC composites: (1) barium strontium aluminum silicate, (2) ytterbium disilicate, and (3) ytterbium monosilicate. Influence of thickness and modulus of the coating layer on the thermal residual stress were modeled. Results indicate that thermal residual stresses in the SiC/SiC composite substrate are compressive and in all the three coatings tensile. Further examination indicates that in the z-direction, tensile stresses in all three systems are negligible, but in-plane tensile stresses can be significant depending on the composition of the constituent layer and the distance from the substrate. Comparison of predicted thermal residual stresses in the three systems shows that the ytterbium monosilicate system has the highest stress (∼395 MPa), while the other two systems averaged about 80 MPa in one of the coating layers. A parametric analysis conducted indicates that lowering the modulus of the coating can lower the thermal residual stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - YTTERBIUM
KW  - barium strontium aluminum silicate
KW  - BSAS
KW  - EBC
KW  - finite element
KW  - Mullite
KW  - residual stress
KW  - SiC/SiC composites
KW  - ytterbium disilicate
KW  - ytterbium monosilicate
N1  - Accession Number: 75166883; Abdul-Aziz, Ali 1; Bhatt, Ramakrishna T 2; Source Information: 5/15/2012, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p1211; Subject: TURBINES; Subject: FINITE element method; Subject: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: TENSILE strength; Subject: YTTERBIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: barium strontium aluminum silicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: BSAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: EBC; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mullite; Author-Supplied Keyword: residual stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC/SiC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: ytterbium disilicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: ytterbium monosilicate; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3402
L3  - 10.1177/0021998311414950
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=75166883&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tamppari, L.K.
AU  - Anderson, R.M.
AU  - Archer, P.D.
AU  - Douglas, S.
AU  - Kounaves, S.P.
AU  - Mckay, C.P.
AU  - Ming, D.W.
AU  - Moore, Q.
AU  - Quinn, J.E.
AU  - Smith, P.H.
AU  - Stroble, S.
AU  - Zent, A.P.
T1  - Effects of extreme cold and aridity on soils and habitability: McMurdo Dry Valleys as an analogue for the Mars Phoenix landing site.
JO  - Antarctic Science
JF  - Antarctic Science
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 228
SN  - 09541020
AB  - The McMurdo Dry Valleys are among the driest, coldest environments on Earth and are excellent analogues for the Martian northern plains. In preparation for the 2008 Phoenix Mars mission, we conducted an interdisciplinary investigation comparing the biological, mineralogical, chemical, and physical properties of wetter lower Taylor Valley (TV) soils to colder, drier University Valley (UV) soils. Our analyses were performed for each horizon from the surface to the ice table. In TV, clay-sized particle distribution and less abundant soluble salts both suggested vertical and possible horizontal transport by water, and microbial biomass was higher. Alteration of mica to short-order phyllosilicates suggested aqueous weathering. In UV, salts, clay-sized materials, and biomass were more abundant near the surface, suggesting minimal downward translocation by water. The presence of microorganisms in each horizon was established for the first time in an ultraxerous zone. Higher biomass numbers were seen near the surface and ice table, perhaps representing locally more clement environments. Currently, water activity is too low to support metabolism at the Phoenix site, but obliquity changes may produce higher temperatures and sufficient water activity to permit microbial growth, if the populations could survive long dormancy periods (∼106 years). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Antarctic Science is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil classification
KW  - Space vehicles -- Landing
KW  - Soluble salts
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Taylor Valley (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - dry permafrost
KW  - habitability
KW  - Taylor Valley
KW  - University Valley
N1  - Accession Number: 82704237; Tamppari, L.K. 1; Anderson, R.M. 2; Archer, P.D. 3; Douglas, S. 1; Kounaves, S.P. 2; Mckay, C.P. 4; Ming, D.W. 3; Moore, Q. 2; Quinn, J.E. 5; Smith, P.H. 6; Stroble, S. 2; Zent, A.P. 4; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 2: Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; 3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Jacobs Engineering, ESCG/NASA, Houston, TX, USA; 6: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Issue Info: Jun2012, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p211; Subject Term: Soil classification; Subject Term: Space vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: Soluble salts; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject: Taylor Valley (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: dry permafrost; Author-Supplied Keyword: habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Taylor Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: University Valley; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0954102011000800
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - Toward a combined SAGE II-HALOE aerosol climatology: an evaluation of HALOE version 19 stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 13933
EP  - 13965
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Herein, the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) aerosol extinction coefficient data is evaluated in the low aerosol loading period after 1996 as the first necessary step in a process that will eventually allow the production of a combined HALOE/SAGE II (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) aerosol climatology of derived aerosol products including surface area density. Based on these analyses, it is demonstrated that HALOE's 3.46 μm is of good quality above 19 km and suitable for scientific applications above that altitude. However, it is increasingly suspect at lower altitudes and should not be used below 17km under any circumstances. The 3.40 μm is biased by about 10% throughout the lower stratosphere due to the failure to clear NO2 but otherwise appears to be a high quality product down to 15 km. The 2.45 and 5.26 μm aerosol extinction coefficient measurements are clearly biased and should not be used for scientific applications after the most intense parts of the Pinatubo period. Many of the issues in the aerosol data appear to be related to either the failure to clear some interfering gas species or doing so poorly. For instance, it is clear that the 3.40 μm aerosol extinction coefficient measurements can be improved through the inclusion of an NO2 correction and could, in fact, end up as the highest quality overall HALOE aerosol extinction coefficient measurement. It also appears that the 2.45 and 5.26 μm channels may be improved by updating the Upper Atmosphere Pilot Database which is used as a resource for the removal of gas species otherwise not available from direct HALOE measurements. Finally, a simple model to demonstrate the promise of mixed visible/infrared aerosol extinction coefficient ensembles for the retrieval of bulk aerosol properties demonstrates that a combined HALOE/SAGE II aerosol climatology is feasible and may represent a substantial improvement over independently derived data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Halogens
KW  - Halogen compounds
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric physics
N1  - Accession Number: 87956976; Thomason, L. W. 1; Email Address: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA, Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 475, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p13933; Thesaurus Term: Halogens; Thesaurus Term: Halogen compounds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-13933-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87956976&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corr, C. A.
AU  - Hall, S. R.
AU  - Ullmann, K.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
T1  - Spectral absorption of biomass burning aerosol determined from retrieved single scattering albedo during ARCTAS.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 13967
EP  - 14008
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Actinic flux, as well as aerosol chemical and optical properties, were measured aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) mission in Spring and Summer 2008. These measurements were used in a radiative transfer code to retrieve spectral (350-550 nm) aerosol single scattering albedo (SSA) for biomass burning plumes encountered on 17 April and 29 June. Retrieved SSA values were subsequently used to calculate the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) over the 350-500nm range. Both plumes exhibited enhanced spectral absorption with AAE values that exceeded 1 (6.78 for 17 April and 3.34 for 29 June). This enhanced absorption was primarily due to organic aerosol (OA) which contributed significantly to total absorption at all wavelengths for both 17 April (57.7 %) and 29 June (56.2 %). OA contributions to absorption were greater at UV wavelengths than at visible wavelengths for both cases. Differences in AAE values between the two cases were attributed to differences in plume age and thus to differences in the ratio of OA and black carbon (BC) concentrations. However, notable differences between AAE values calculated for the OA (AAEOA) for 17 April (9.59) and 29 June (4.94) suggested differences in the plume AAE values might also be due to differences in organic aerosol composition. The 17 April OA was much more oxidized than the 29 June OA as denoted by a higher oxidation state value for 17 April (+0.16 versus -0.32). Differences in the AAEOA, as well as the overall AAE, were thus also likely due to oxidation of biomass burning primary organic aerosol in the 17 April plume that resulted in the formation of OA with a greater spectral-dependence of absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Atmospheric physics
N1  - Accession Number: 87956977; Corr, C. A. 1; Email Address: ccorr@unh.edu; Hall, S. R. 2; Ullmann, K. 2; Anderson, B. E. 3; Beyersdorf, A. J. 3; Thornhill, K. L. 3; Cubison, M. J. 4; Jimenez, J. L. 4; Wisthaler, A. 5; Dibb, J. E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Earth Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA; 2: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, 80301, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 5: Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p13967; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-13967-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87956977&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, M.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Chai, T.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Oltmans, S. J.
AU  - Jaffe, D. A.
AU  - Bowman, K. W.
AU  - Kaduwela, A.
AU  - Cai, C.
AU  - Spak, S. N.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
T1  - Impacts of transported background pollutants on summertime Western US air quality: model evaluation, sensitivity analysis and data assimilation.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 15227
EP  - 15299
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The impacts of transported background (TBG) pollutants on Western US ozone (O3) distributions in summer 2008 are studied using the multi-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Modeling system. Forward sensitivity simulations show that TBG extensively affect Western US surface O3, and can contribute to > 50% of the total O3, varying among different geographical regions and land types. The stratospheric O3 impacts are weak. Ozone is the major contributor to surface O3 among the TBG pollutants, and TBG peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most important O3 precursor species. Compared to monthly mean daily maximum 8-h average O3, the secondary standard metric "W126 monthly index" shows larger responses to TBG perturbations and stronger non-linearity to the size of perturbations. Overall the model-estimated TBG impacts negatively correlate to the vertical resolution and positively correlate to the horizontal resolution. The estimated TBG impacts weakly depend on the uncertainties in US anthropogenic emissions. Ozone sources differ at three sites spanning ~10° in latitude. Mt. Bachelor (MBO) and Trinidad Head (THD) O3 are strongly affected by TBG, and occasionally by US emissions, while South Coast (SC) O3 is strongly affected by local emissions. The probabilities of airmasses originating from MBO (2.7 km) and THD (2.5 km) entraining into the boundary layer reach daily maxima of 66% and 34% at ~ 3:00 p.m. PDT, respectively, and stay above 50% during 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m. for those originating from SC (1.5 km). Receptor-based adjoint sensitivity analysis demonstrates the connection between the surface O3 and O3 aloft (at ~ 1-4 km) at these sites 1-2 days earlier. Assimilation of the surface in-situ measurements significantly reduced (~5 ppb in average, up to ~17 ppb) the modeled surface O3 errors during a long-range transport episode, and is useful for estimating the upper-limits of uncertainties in satellite retrievals (in this case 5-20% and 20-30% for Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) O3 profiles, respectively). Satellite observations identified this transport event, but assimilation of the existing O3 vertical profiles from TES, OMI and THD sonde in this case did not efficiently improve the O3 distributions except near the sampling locations, due to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and possible uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric physics
N1  - Accession Number: 87957011; Huang, M. 1; Email Address: mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu; Carmichael, G. R. 1; Chai, T. 2; Pierce, R. B. 3; Oltmans, S. J. 4; Jaffe, D. A. 5; Bowman, K. W. 6; Kaduwela, A. 7; Cai, C. 7; Spak, S. N. 1; Weinheimer, A. J. 8; Huey, L. G. 9; Diskin, G. S. 10; Affiliations: 1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 2: NOAA/OAR/ARL, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA; 3: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 4: NOAA/ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 5: University of Washington, Bothell, WA 98011, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 7: California Air Resource Board, Sacramento, CA 95812, USA; 8: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 9: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 30332, Atlanta, GA, USA; 10: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p15227; Thesaurus Term: Pollutants; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Atmospheric physics; Number of Pages: 73p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-15227-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wierzchos, J.
AU  - Davila, A. F.
AU  - S´nchez-Almazo, I. M.
AU  - Hajnos, M.
AU  - Swieboda, R.
AU  - Ascaso, C.
T1  - Novel water source for endolithic life in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert.
JO  - Biogeosciences
JF  - Biogeosciences
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2275
EP  - 2286
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 17264170
AB  - The hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile is possibly the driest and most life-limited place on Earth yet endolithic microorganisms thrive inside halite pinnacles that are part of ancient salt flats. The existence of this microbial community in an environment that excludes any other life forms suggests biological adaptation to high salinity and desiccation stress, and indicates an alternative source of water for life other than rainfall, fog or dew. Here, we show that halite endoliths obtain liquid water through spontaneous capillary condensation at relative humidity (RH) much lower than the deliquescence RH of NaCl. We describe how this condensation could occur inside nano-pores smaller than 100 nm, in a newly characterized halite phase that is intimately associated with the endolithic aggregates. This nanoporous phase helps retain liquid water for long periods of time by preventing its evaporation even in conditions of utmost dryness. Our results explain how life has colonized and adapted to one of the most extreme environments on our planet, expanding the water activity envelope for life on Earth, and broadening the spectrum of possible habitats for life beyond our planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Water
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Evaporation (Chemistry)
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
N1  - Accession Number: 84417910; Wierzchos, J. 1; Email Address: j.wierzchos@mncn.csic.es; Davila, A. F. 2; S´nchez-Almazo, I. M. 3; Hajnos, M. 4; Swieboda, R. 5; Ascaso, C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA; 3: Universidad de Granada CIC, Granada, Spain; 4: Institute of Agrophysics PAN, Lublin, Poland; 5: Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p2275; Thesaurus Term: Water; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Thesaurus Term: Salinity; Thesaurus Term: Evaporation (Chemistry); Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bg-9-2275-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vogelmann, Andrew M.
AU  - McFarquhar, Greg M.
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Turner, David D.
AU  - Comstock, Jennifer M.
AU  - Feingold, Graham
AU  - Long, Charles N.
AU  - Jonsson, Haflidi H.
AU  - Bucholtz, Anthony
AU  - Collins, Don R.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Gerber, Hermann
AU  - Lawson, R. Paul
AU  - Woods, Roy K.
AU  - Andrews, Elisabeth
AU  - Yang, Hee-Jung
AU  - Chiu, J. Christine
AU  - Hartsock, Daniel
AU  - Hubbe, John M.
AU  - Lo, Chaomei
T1  - Racoro Extended-Term Aircraft Observations of Boundary Layer Clouds.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 93
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 861
EP  - 878
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - A first-of-a-kind, extended-term cloud aircraft campaign was conducted to obtain an in situ statistical characterization of continental boundary layer clouds needed to investigate cloud processes and refine retrieval algorithms. Coordinated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerial Facility (AAF), the Routine AAF Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths (CLOWD) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign operated over the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site from 22 January to 30 June 2009, collecting 260 h of data during 59 research flights. A comprehensive payload aboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft measured cloud microphysics, solar and thermal radiation, physical aerosol properties, and atmospheric state parameters. Proximity to the SGP's extensive complement of surface measurements provides ancillary data that support modeling studies and facilitates evaluation of a variety of surface retrieval algorithms. The five-month duration enabled sampling a range of conditions associated with the seasonal transition from winter to summer. Although about two thirds of the flights during which clouds were sampled occurred in May and June, boundary layer cloud fields were sampled under a variety of environmental and aerosol conditions, with about 77% of the cloud flights occurring in cumulus and stratocumulus. Preliminary analyses illustrate use of these data to analyze aerosol-cloud relationships, characterize the horizontal variability of cloud radiative impacts, and evaluate surface-based retrievals. We discuss how an extended-term campaign requires a simplified operating paradigm that is different from that used for typical, short-term, intensive aircraft field programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Otter (Transport planes)
KW  - Solar radiation -- Measurement
KW  - Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 78438004; Vogelmann, Andrew M. 1; McFarquhar, Greg M. 2; Ogren, John A. 3; Turner, David D. 4; Comstock, Jennifer M. 5; Feingold, Graham 3; Long, Charles N. 5; Jonsson, Haflidi H. 6; Bucholtz, Anthony 7; Collins, Don R. 8; Diskin, Glenn S. 9; Gerber, Hermann 10; Lawson, R. Paul 11; Woods, Roy K. 6; Andrews, Elisabeth 12; Yang, Hee-Jung 2; Chiu, J. Christine 13; Hartsock, Daniel 14; Hubbe, John M. 5; Lo, Chaomei 5; Affiliations: 1: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; 2: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; 3: NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 4: NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma, and University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 6: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California; 7: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California; 8: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 10: Gerber Scientific, Inc., Reston, Virginia; 11: SPEC Inc., Boulder, Colorado; 12: NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; 13: University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom; 14: Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma; Issue Info: Jun2012, Vol. 93 Issue 6, p861; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement; Subject Term: Cloud physics; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Otter (Transport planes); Subject Term: Solar radiation -- Measurement ; Company/Entity: Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (U.S.); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00189.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=78438004&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Aeronautics Committee; UAS Subcommittee Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06//6/1/2012
VL  - 77
IS  - 106
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 32699
EP  - 32699
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. on June 27, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 76436318; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 6/1/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 106, p32699; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miles, Jeffrey Hilton
T1  - Spatial correlation in the ambient core noise field of a turbofan engine.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 131
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 4625
EP  - 4639
SN  - 00014966
AB  - An acoustic transfer function relating combustion noise and turbine exit noise in the presence of enclosed ambient core noise is investigated using a dynamic system model and an acoustic system model for the particular turbofan engine studied and for a range of operating conditions. Measurements of cross-spectra magnitude and phase between the combustor and turbine exit and auto-spectra at the turbine exit and combustor are used to show the presence of indirect and direct combustion noise over the frequency range of 0-400 Hz. The procedure used evaluates the ratio of direct to indirect combustion noise. The procedure used also evaluates the post-combustion residence time in the combustor which is a factor in the formation of thermal NOx and soot in this region. These measurements are masked by the ambient core noise sound field in this frequency range which is observable since the transducers are situated within an acoustic wavelength of one another. An ambient core noise field model based on one and two dimensional spatial correlation functions is used to replicate the spatially correlated response of the pair of transducers. The spatial correlation function increases measured attenuation due to destructive interference and masks the true attenuation of the turbine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION -- Research
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement -- Research
KW  - TRANSDUCERS -- Research
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - MAGNITUDE estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 76572841; Miles, Jeffrey Hilton 1; Affiliations: 1 : NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135;  Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 131 Issue 6, p4625; Subject Term: COMBUSTION -- Research; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement -- Research; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS -- Research; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: MAGNITUDE estimation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.4714359
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morse, A.D.
AU  - Altwegg, K.
AU  - Andrews, D.J.
AU  - Auster, H.U.
AU  - Carr, C.M.
AU  - Galand, M.
AU  - Goesmann, F.
AU  - Gulkis, S.
AU  - Lee, S.
AU  - Richter, I.
AU  - Sheridan, S.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - A'Hearn, M.F.
AU  - Feldman, P.
AU  - Parker, J.
AU  - Retherford, K.D.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Wright, I.P.
T1  - The Rosetta campaign to detect an exosphere at Lutetia
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 172
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: On 10th July 2010 the Rosetta spacecraft passed within 3160km of asteroid 21 Lutetia during which seven instruments attempted to detect an exosphere. A comparison of the sensitivity is made between the different instruments based on a simple spherical out-gassing point source model, which was used to infer that the Lutetia exosphere production rate was determined by MIRO to be <4.3×1023 moleculess−1 for water and by ROSINA RTOF to be <1.7×1025 moleculess−1 for carbon monoxide. Consideration of the flyby geometry and combined instrument operations places further constraints on the exosphere structure and gas production rate. Experience gained during the flyby will prove invaluable for operations planning during Rosetta''s approach and orbit of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Exosphere
KW  - Cometary orbits
KW  - Astronomical instruments
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet
KW  - Asteroid
KW  - Comet
KW  - Lutetia
KW  - Rosetta
KW  - Rosetta (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 75170021; Morse, A.D. 1; Email Address: A.D.Morse@open.ac.uk; Altwegg, K. 2; Andrews, D.J. 1; Auster, H.U. 3; Carr, C.M. 4; Galand, M. 4; Goesmann, F. 5; Gulkis, S. 6; Lee, S. 6; Richter, I. 3; Sheridan, S. 1; Stern, S.A. 7; A'Hearn, M.F. 8; Feldman, P. 9; Parker, J. 10; Retherford, K.D. 10; Weaver, H.A. 11; Wright, I.P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, England, UK; 2: Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; 3: Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; 4: The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, UK; 5: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 169-506 Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA; 8: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 2421, USA; 9: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 2695, USA; 10: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 11: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Issue Info: Jun2012, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p165; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Subject Term: Exosphere; Subject Term: Cometary orbits; Subject Term: Astronomical instruments; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Churyumov-Gerasimenko comet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lutetia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rosetta ; Company/Entity: Rosetta (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.01.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Li, Shuang
AU  - Huang, Shengli
AU  - Crabtree, Robert L.
T1  - Analysis of sapling density regeneration in Yellowstone National Park with hyperspectral remote sensing data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 68
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The density of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) sapling regeneration was mapped in areas burned during the 1988 wildfires across Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA. Hyperspectral image analysis and field measurements were combined across the entire YNP extent. Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) image data from 2006 were used to compute ten different vegetation indices (VI). The ten VIs were combined to build multiple regression models for predicting and mapping post-fire sapling density. Four different forms of regression modeling were applied to derive the highest possible prediction accuracy (correlation coefficient of R  2  =0.83). Pine sapling regeneration 19years after large-scale wildfires showed a high level of variability in patch density (ranging from 14/100ha to 57/100ha), whereas sapling density measured previously from the first decade following wildfire was more uniform (10/100ha to 21/100ha). The ecosystem-level clumpiness index showed major shifts in aggregation of different sapling density classes, and was consistent with an overall decrease in estimated sapling density of nearly 50% between 1998 and 2007. This analysis revealed important succession patterns and processes in post-fire forest regeneration for the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - Lodgepole pine
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Plants -- Regeneration
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
KW  - United States
KW  - AVIRIS
KW  - Fire ecology
KW  - Hyperspectral
KW  - Northern Rocky Mountains
KW  - Post-fire ecosystems
KW  - Sapling density
N1  - Accession Number: 74677085; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: Chris.Potter@nasa.gov; Li, Shuang 1,2; Huang, Shengli 1,3; Crabtree, Robert L. 3,4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; 2: College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Henan 475001 China; 3: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; 4: HyPerspectives Inc., Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; Issue Info: Jun2012, Vol. 121, p61; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Thesaurus Term: Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Subject Term: Lodgepole pine; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Plants -- Regeneration; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Subject: Yellowstone National Park; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVIRIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Northern Rocky Mountains; Author-Supplied Keyword: Post-fire ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sapling density; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Hongbin
AU  - Zhang, Yan
AU  - Chin, Mian
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Yang, Yuekui
AU  - Yuan, Tianle
AU  - Zhang, Jianglong
T1  - An integrated analysis of aerosol above clouds from A-Train multi-sensor measurements
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 131
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Quantifying above-cloud aerosol can help improve the assessment of aerosol intercontinental transport and climate impacts. In this study we conduct an integrated analysis of aerosols above clouds by using multi-sensor A-Train measurements, including above-cloud aerosol optical depth at 532nm (AOD532) from CALIPSO lidar, the UV aerosol index (AI) from OMI, and cloud fraction and cloud optical depth (COD) from MODIS. The analysis of Saharan dust outflow and Southwest African smoke outflow regions shows that the above-cloud AOD correlates positively with AI in an approximately linear manner, and that the AOD532/AI ratio decreases with increasing COD. The dependence of AOD532/AI ratio on COD doesn''t depend on aerosol type when potential biases in the CALIOP AOD measurements are empirically accounted for. Our results may suggest the potential of combining OMI AI and MODIS cloud measurements to empirically derive above-cloud AOD with a spatial coverage much more extensive than CALIPSO measurements, which needs to be further explored in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Transport theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 74677091; Yu, Hongbin 1,2; Email Address: Hongbin.Yu@nasa.gov; Zhang, Yan 2,3; Chin, Mian 4; Liu, Zhaoyan 5,6; Omar, Ali 6; Remer, Lorraine A. 2; Yang, Yuekui 2,7; Yuan, Tianle 2,8; Zhang, Jianglong 9; Affiliations: 1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 2: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; 4: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 7: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 8: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 9: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Folks, ND, USA; Issue Info: Jun2012, Vol. 121, p125; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Environmental impact analysis; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Transport theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: Optical radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ottaviani, Matteo
AU  - Cairns, Brian
AU  - Chowdhary, Jacek
AU  - Van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
AU  - Ferrare, Rich
AU  - Burton, Sharon
AU  - Hair, John
AU  - Obland, Michael D.
AU  - Rogers, Raymond
T1  - Polarimetric retrievals of surface and cirrus clouds properties in the region affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 403
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: In 2010, the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) performed several aerial surveys over the region affected by the oil spill caused by the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon offshore platform. The instrument was deployed on the NASA Langley B200 aircraft together with the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL), which provides information on the distribution of the aerosol layers beneath the aircraft, including an accurate estimate of aerosol optical depth. This work illustrates the merits of polarization measurements in detecting variations of ocean surface properties linked to the presence of an oil slick. In particular, we make use of the degree of linear polarization in the glint region, which is severely affected by variations in the refractive index but insensitive to the waviness of the water surface. Alterations in the surface optical properties are therefore expected to directly affect the polarization response of the RSP channel at 2264nm, where both molecular and aerosol scattering are negligible and virtually all of the observed signal is generated via Fresnel reflection at the surface. The glint profile at this wavelength is fitted with a model which can optimally estimate refractive index, wind speed and direction, together with aircraft attitude variations affecting the viewing geometry. The retrieved refractive index markedly increases over oil-contaminated waters, while the apparent wind speed is significantly lower than in adjacent uncontaminated areas, suggesting that the slick dampens high-frequency components of the ocean wave spectrum. The constraint on surface reflectance provided by the short-wave infrared channels is a cornerstone of established procedures to retrieve atmospheric aerosol microphysical parameters based on the inversion of the RSP multispectral measurements. This retrieval, which benefits from the ancillary information provided by the HSRL, was in this specific case hampered by prohibitive variability in atmospheric conditions (very inhomogeneous aerosol distribution and cloud cover). Although the results presented for the surface are essentially unaffected, we discuss the results obtained by typing algorithms in sorting the complex mix of aerosol types, and show evidence of oriented ice in cirrus clouds present in the area. In this context, polarization measurements at 1880nm were used to infer ice habit and cirrus optical depth, which was found in the subvisual/threshold-visible regime, confirming the utility of the aforementioned RSP channel for the remote sensing of even thin cold clouds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Water temperature
KW  - Polarimetry
KW  - BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010
KW  - Refractive index
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Cirrus
KW  - Oil spill
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Sunglint
KW  - Thin-film interference
KW  - Goddard Institute for Space Studies
N1  - Accession Number: 74677113; Ottaviani, Matteo 1; Email Address: mottaviani@giss.nasa.gov; Cairns, Brian 2; Chowdhary, Jacek 3; Van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan 4; Knobelspiesse, Kirk 1; Hostetler, Chris 5; Ferrare, Rich 5; Burton, Sharon 5; Hair, John 5; Obland, Michael D. 5; Rogers, Raymond 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA; 3: Columbia University, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, New York, NY, USA; 4: Columbia University, Center for Climate System Research, New York, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Jun2012, Vol. 121, p389; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Water temperature; Subject Term: Polarimetry; Subject Term: BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010; Subject Term: Refractive index; Subject Term: Optical polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil spill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sunglint; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin-film interference ; Company/Entity: Goddard Institute for Space Studies; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Heliophysics Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06/08/
VL  - 77
IS  - 111
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 34093
EP  - 34093
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. from July 2-3, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 76926901; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 6/8/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 111, p34093; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Johansen, Anders
AU  - Bizzarro, Martin
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Brugamyer, Erik
AU  - Caldwell, Caroline
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald L.
AU  - Hansen, Terese
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
T1  - An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/06/21/
VL  - 486
IS  - 7403
M3  - Article
SP  - 375
EP  - 377
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The abundance of heavy elements (metallicity) in the photospheres of stars similar to the Sun provides a 'fossil' record of the chemical composition of the initial protoplanetary disk. Metal-rich stars are much more likely to harbour gas giant planets, supporting the model that planets form by accumulation of dust and ice particles. Recent ground-based surveys suggest that this correlation is weakened for Neptunian-sized planets. However, how the relationship between size and metallicity extends into the regime of terrestrial-sized exoplanets is unknown. Here we report spectroscopic metallicities of the host stars of 226 small exoplanet candidates discovered by NASA's Kepler mission, including objects that are comparable in size to the terrestrial planets in the Solar System. We find that planets with radii less than four Earth radii form around host stars with a wide range of metallicities (but on average a metallicity close to that of the Sun), whereas large planets preferentially form around stars with higher metallicities. This observation suggests that terrestrial planets may be widespread in the disk of the Galaxy, with no special requirement of enhanced metallicity for their formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Heavy elements
KW  - Stellar photospheres
KW  - Solar atmosphere
KW  - Protoplanetary disks
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 77206212; Buchhave, Lars A. 1; Latham, David W. 2; Johansen, Anders 3; Bizzarro, Martin 4; Torres, Guillermo 2; Rowe, Jason F. 5; Batalha, Natalie M. 6; Borucki, William J. 7; Brugamyer, Erik 8; Caldwell, Caroline 8; Bryson, Stephen T. 7; Ciardi, David R. 9; Cochran, William D. 8; Endl, Michael 8; Esquerdo, Gilbert A. 2; Ford, Eric B. 10; Geary, John C. 2; Gilliland, Ronald L. 11; Hansen, Terese 12; Isaacson, Howard 13; Affiliations: 1: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; 2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 3: Lund Observatory, Lund University, Box 43, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; 4: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; 5: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 6: San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 8: University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA; 9: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; 10: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA; 11: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA; 12: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 13: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; Issue Info: 6/21/2012, Vol. 486 Issue 7403, p375; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Heavy elements; Subject Term: Stellar photospheres; Subject Term: Solar atmosphere; Subject Term: Protoplanetary disks; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11121
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Astrophysics Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06/26/
VL  - 77
IS  - 123
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 38090
EP  - 38091
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. on July 30, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 77665954; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 6/26/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 123, p38090; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Aeronautics Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06/26/
VL  - 77
IS  - 123
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 38091
EP  - 38091
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Greenbelt, Maryland on July 24, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - GREENBELT (Md.)
N1  - Accession Number: 77665955; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 6/26/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 123, p38091; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: GREENBELT (Md.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Information Technology Infrastructure Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06/26/
VL  - 77
IS  - 123
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 38092
EP  - 38093
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Greenbelt, Maryland on July 24, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - GREENBELT (Md.)
N1  - Accession Number: 77665957; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 6/26/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 123, p38092; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: GREENBELT (Md.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06/27/
VL  - 77
IS  - 124
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 38336
EP  - 38336
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Greenbelt, Maryland from July 25-27, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - GREENBELT (Md.)
N1  - Accession Number: 77666092; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 6/27/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 124, p38336; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: GREENBELT (Md.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Burch, Susan M.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Technology and Innovation Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06/28/
VL  - 77
IS  - 125
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 38678
EP  - 38678
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Greenbelt, Maryland on July 24, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - GREENBELT (Md.)
N1  - Accession Number: 77690155; Burch, Susan M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Acting, Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 6/28/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 125, p38678; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: GREENBELT (Md.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Burch, Susan M.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Commercial Space Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06/28/
VL  - 77
IS  - 125
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 38678
EP  - 38679
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Greenbelt, Maryland from July 23-24, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - GREENBELT (Md.)
N1  - Accession Number: 77690156; Burch, Susan M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Acting, Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 6/28/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 125, p38678; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: GREENBELT (Md.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Burch, Susan M.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Audit, Finance and Analysis Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/06/28/
VL  - 77
IS  - 125
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 38679
EP  - 38680
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Greenbelt, Maryland from July 23-24, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - GREENBELT (Md.)
N1  - Accession Number: 77690157; Burch, Susan M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Acting, Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 6/28/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 125, p38679; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: GREENBELT (Md.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koo, J.-H.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Kurosu, T. P.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Richter, A.
AU  - Chance, K.
AU  - Oltmans, S. J.
AU  - Thompson, A. M.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Fenn, M. A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Ryerson, T. B.
AU  - Solberg, S.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Neuman, J. A.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Natarajan, M.
T1  - Characteristics of tropospheric ozone depletion events in the Arctic spring: analysis of the ARCTAS, ARCPAC, and ARCIONS measurements and satellite BrO observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 16219
EP  - 16257
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Arctic ozone depletion events (ODEs) are due to catalytic ozone loss driven by halogen chemistry. The presence of ODEs is affected not only by in situ chemistry but also by transport including advection of ozone-poor air mass and vertical mixing. To better characterize the ODEs, we analyze the combined set of surface, ozonesonde, and aircraft in situ measurements of ozone and bromine compounds during the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) and the Aerosol, Radiation, and Cloud Processes affecting Arctic Climate (ARCPAC) experiments (April 2008). Tropospheric BrO columns retrieved from satellite measurements and back trajectories calculations are used to investigate the characteristics of observed ODEs. The implications of the analysis results for the validation of the retrieval of tropospheric column BrO are also discussed. Time-lagged correlation analysis between in situ (surface and ozonesonde) measurements of ozone and satellite derived tropospheric BrO indicates that the ODEs are due to either local halogen-driven ozone loss or short-range (~ 1 day) transport from nearby regions with ozone depletion. The effect of in situ halogen-driven loss is also evident in the diurnal variation of surface ozone concentrations at Alert, Canada. High-BrO regions revealed by satellite measurements tend to be collocated with first-year sea ice, particularly over the Chukchi Sea. Aircraft observations indicate low-ozone air mass transported from these high-BrO regions. Correlation analyses of ozone with potential temperature and time-lagged tropospheric BrO column show that the vertical extent of local ozone loss is surprisingly deep (1-2 km) at Resolute and Churchill, Canada. The unstable boundary layer during ODEs at Churchill could potentially provide a source of free tropospheric BrO through convective transport and explain the significant negative correlation between free tropospheric ozone and tropospheric BrO column at this site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Halogens
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Bromine oxides
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 79551661; Koo, J.-H. 1; Email Address: jkoo7@gatech.edu; Wang, Y. 1; Kurosu, T. P. 2; Rozanov, A. 3; Richter, A. 3; Chance, K. 2; Oltmans, S. J. 4; Thompson, A. M. 5; Hair, J. W. 6; Fenn, M. A. 6; Weinheimer, A. J. 7; Ryerson, T. B. 4; Solberg, S. 8; Huey, L. G. 1; Liao, J. 1; Dibb, J. E. 9; Neuman, J. A. 4,10; Nowak, J. B. 4,10; Pierce, R. B. 11; Natarajan, M. 6; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 4: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: Dept. of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Kjeller, Norway; 9: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 10: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 7, p16219; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Halogens; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Bromine oxides; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 50p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-16219-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sheridan, P. J.
AU  - Andrews, E.
AU  - Ogren, J. A.
AU  - Tackett, J. L.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties over Central Illinois and comparison with surface and satellite measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 17187
EP  - 17244
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Between June 2006 and September 2009, an instrumented light aircraft measured over 400 vertical profiles of aerosol and trace gas properties over Eastern and Central Illinois. The primary objectives of this program were to (1) measure the in situ aerosol properties and determine their vertical and temporal variability and (2) relate these aircraft measurements to concurrent surface and satellite measurements. The primary profile location was within 10 km of the NOAA/ESRL surface aerosol monitoring station near Bondville, Illinois. Identical instruments at the surface and on the aircraft ensured that the data from both platforms would be directly comparable and permitted a determination of how representative surface aerosol properties were of the lower column. Aircraft profiles were also conducted occasionally at two other nearby locations to increase the frequency of A-Train satellite underflights for the purpose of comparing in situ and satellite-retrieved aerosol data. Measurements over the Bondville site compare well with the surface aerosol data and do not indicate any major sampling issues or that the aerosol is radically different at the surface compared with the lowest flyby altitude of ~240m a.g.l. Statistical analyses of the in situ vertical profile data indicate that aerosol loading (e.g. light scattering and absorption) decreases substantially with increasing altitude. Parameters related to the nature of the aerosol (e.g. single-scattering albedo, Ångström exponent, etc.), however, are relatively constant throughout the mixed layer, and do not vary as much as the aerosol amount throughout the profile. While individual profiles often showed more variability, the median in situ single-scattering albedo was 0.93-0.95 for all sampled altitudes. Several parameters (e.g. submicrometer scattering fraction, hemispheric backscattering fraction, and scattering Ångström exponent) suggest that the fraction of smaller particles in the aerosol is larger near the surface than at high altitudes. The observed dependence of scattering on size, wavelength, angular integration range, and relative humidity, together with the spectral dependence of absorption, show that the aerosol at higher altitudes is larger, less hygroscopic, and more strongly absorbing at shorter wavelengths, suggesting an increased contribution from dust or organic aerosols. The aerosol profiles show significant differences among seasons. The largest amounts of aerosol (as determined by median light extinction profile measurements) throughout most of the sampled column were observed during summer, with the lowest amounts in the winter and intermediate values in the spring and fall. The highest three profile levels (3.1, 3.7, 4.6 km), however, showed larger median extinction values in the spring, which could reflect long-range transport of dust or smoke aerosols. The aerosols in the mixed layer were darkest (i.e. lowest single-scattering albedo) in the fall, in agreement with surface measurements at Bondville and other continental sites in the US. In-situ profiles of aerosol radiative forcing efficiency showed little seasonal or vertical variability. Underflights of the CALIPSO satellite show reasonable agreement for extinction at 532nm for most comparison points in a majority of retrieved profiles, and suggest that routine aircraft profiling programs can be used to better understand and validate satellite retrieval algorithms. CALIPSO tended to overestimate the aerosol extinction at this location in some boundary layer flight segments when scattered or broken clouds were present, which could be related to problems with CALIPSO cloud screening methods. Our in situ aerosol data suggest extinction thresholds for the likelihood of aerosol layers being detected by the CALIOP lidar. In this study, aerosol layers with light extinction values >50Mm-1 were detected by CALIPSO ~95% of the time, while aerosol layers with extinction values lower than 10Mm-1 had a detection efficiency of <2%. For all collocated comparison cases, a 50% probability of detection falls at an in situ extinction level of 20-25Mm-1. These statistical data offer guidance as to the likelihood of CALIPSO's ability to retrieve aerosol extinction at various locations around the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Light aircraft
KW  - Illinois
N1  - Accession Number: 79551684; Sheridan, P. J. 1; Email Address: patrick.sheridan@noaa.gov; Andrews, E. 1,2; Ogren, J. A. 1; Tackett, J. L. 3; Winker, D. M. 4; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 7, p17187; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Light aircraft; Subject: Illinois; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 58p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-17187-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zargar, Kamrun
AU  - Conrad, Alison
AU  - Bernick, David L.
AU  - Lowe, Todd M.
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Hoeft, Shelley
AU  - Oremland, Ronald S.
AU  - Stolz, John
AU  - Saltikov, Chad W.
T1  - ArxA, a new clade of arsenite oxidase within the DMSO reductase family of molybdenum oxidoreductases.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1635
EP  - 1645
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Arsenotrophy, growth coupled to autotrophic arsenite oxidation or arsenate respiratory reduction, occurs only in the prokaryotic domain of life. The enzymes responsible for arsenotrophy belong to distinct clades within the DMSO reductase family of molybdenum-containing oxidoreductases: specifically arsenate respiratory reductase, ArrA, and arsenite oxidase, AioA (formerly referred to as AroA and AoxB). A new arsenite oxidase clade, ArxA, represented by the haloalkaliphilic bacterium Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii strain MLHE-1 was also identified in the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Ectothiorhodospira sp. strain PHS-1. A draft genome sequence of PHS-1 was completed and an arx operon similar to MLHE-1 was identified. Gene expression studies showed that arxA was strongly induced with arsenite. Microbial ecology investigation led to the identification of additional arxA-like sequences in Mono Lake and Hot Creek sediments, both arsenic-rich environments in California. Phylogenetic analyses placed these sequences as distinct members of the ArxA clade of arsenite oxidases. ArxA-like sequences were also identified in metagenome sequences of several alkaline microbial mat environments of Yellowstone National Park hot springs. These results suggest that ArxA-type arsenite oxidases appear to be widely distributed in the environment presenting an opportunity for further investigations of the contribution of Arx-dependent arsenotrophy to the arsenic biogeochemical cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dimethyl sulfoxide
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Arsenites
KW  - Molybdenum oxides
KW  - Oxidoreductases
KW  - Bacterial enzymes
KW  - Nucleotide sequence
N1  - Accession Number: 77499262; Zargar, Kamrun 1; Conrad, Alison 1; Bernick, David L. 2; Lowe, Todd M. 2; Stolc, Viktor 3; Hoeft, Shelley 4; Oremland, Ronald S. 4; Stolz, John 5; Saltikov, Chad W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Departments of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology; 2: Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; 5: Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; Issue Info: Jul2012, Vol. 14 Issue 7, p1635; Thesaurus Term: Dimethyl sulfoxide; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Subject Term: Arsenites; Subject Term: Molybdenum oxides; Subject Term: Oxidoreductases; Subject Term: Bacterial enzymes; Subject Term: Nucleotide sequence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02722.x
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, H.
AU  - Seo, D.-J.
AU  - Liu, Y.
AU  - Koren, V.
AU  - McKee, P.
AU  - Corby, R.
AU  - Pappenberger, F.
T1  - Variational assimilation of streamflow into operational distributed hydrologic models: effect of spatiotemporal scale of adjustment.
JO  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences
JF  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 16
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2233
EP  - 2251
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 10275606
AB  - State updating of distributed rainfall-runoff models via streamflow assimilation is subject to overfitting because large dimensionality of the state space of the model may render the assimilation problem seriously underdetermined. To examine the issue in the context of operational hydrologic forecasting, we carried out a set of real-world experiments in which streamflow data is assimilated into the gridded Sacramento Soil Moisture Accounting (SAC-SMA) and kinematic-wave routing models of the US National Weather Service (NWS) Research Distributed Hydrologic Model (RDHM) via variational data assimilation (DA). The nine study basins include four in Oklahoma and five in Texas. To assess the sensitivity of the performance of DA to the dimensionality of the control vector, we used nine different spatiotemporal adjustment scales, with which the state variables are adjusted in a lumped, semi-distributed, or distributed fashion and biases in precipitation and PE are adjusted at hourly or 6-hourly scale, or at the scale of the fast response of the basin. For each adjustment scale, three different assimilation scenarios were carried out in which streamflow observations are assumed to be available at basin interior points only, at the basin outlet only, or at all locations. The results for the nine basins show that the optimum spatiotemporal adjustment scale varies from basin to basin and between streamflow correlated flows between interior and outlet locations tend to be less sensitive to the adjustment scale and could benefit more from streamflow assimilation. In comparison with outlet flow assimilation, interior flow assimilation produced streamflow predictions whose spatial correlation structure is more consistent with that of observed flow for all adjustment scales. We also describe diagnosing the complexity of the assimilation problem using spatial correlation of streamflow and discuss the effect of timing errors in hydrograph simulation on the performance of the DA procedure.analysis and prediction for all three streamflow assimilation scenarios. The most preferred adjustment scale for seven out of the nine basins is found to be distributed and hourly. It was found that basins with highly [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Hydrology & Earth System Sciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Streamflow
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Hydrologic models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Spatiotemporal processes
KW  - Runoff
KW  - Rain & rainfall
N1  - Accession Number: 79462841; Lee, H. 1,2; Email Address: haksu.lee@noaa.gov; Seo, D.-J. 1,2,3; Liu, Y. 1,4,5; Koren, V. 1; McKee, P. 6; Corby, R. 6; Pappenberger, F.; Affiliations: 1: NOAA, National Weather Service, Office of Hydrologic Development, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA; 2: University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0308, USA; 4: Riverside Technology, Inc., Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; 5: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 6: NOAA, National Weather Service, West Gulf River Forecast Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p2233; Thesaurus Term: Streamflow; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic models; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Subject Term: Spatiotemporal processes; Subject Term: Runoff; Subject Term: Rain & rainfall; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/hess-16-2233-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=79462841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Lowe, Ryan
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Prognostics Health Management of Electronic Systems Under Mechanical Shock and Vibration Using Kalman Filter Models and Metrics.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4301
EP  - 4314
SN  - 02780046
AB  - Structural damage to ball grid array interconnects incurred during vibration testing has been monitored in the prefailure space using resistance spectroscopy-based state space vectors, rate of change of the state variable, and acceleration of the state variable. The technique is intended for condition monitoring in high reliability applications where the knowledge of impending failure is critical and the risks in terms of loss of functionality are too high to bear. Future state of the system has been estimated based on a second-order Kalman Filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying interconnect damage in the form of inelastic strain energy density. Performance of the prognostic health management algorithm during the vibration test has been quantified using performance evaluation metrics. The methodology has been demonstrated on leadfree area-array electronic assemblies subjected to vibration. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data. The presented approach is applicable to functional systems where corner interconnects in area-array packages may be often redundant. Prognostic metrics including \alpha - \lambda precision, \beta accuracy, and relative accuracy have been used to assess the performance of the damage proxies. The presented approach enables the estimation of residual life based on level of risk averseness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - SOLDER joints
KW  - Aerospace electronics
KW  - Health monitoring
KW  - leading indicators of failure
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - prognostics
KW  - Prognostics and health management
KW  - Resistance
KW  - solder joint reliability
KW  - Strain
KW  - Vectors
KW  - Vibrations
N1  - Accession Number: 77361852; Lall, Pradeep 1; Lowe, Ryan 2; Goebel, Kai 3; Affiliations: 1: NSF-CAVE3 Electronics Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; 2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL , USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center,; Issue Info: Jul2012, Vol. 59 Issue 11, p4301; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: SOLDER joints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: leading indicators of failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prognostics and health management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: solder joint reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrations; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIE.2012.2183834
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=77361852&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Burow, Luke C
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Bebout, Brad M
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
AU  - Spormann, Alfred M
AU  - Weber, Peter K
AU  - Singer, Steven W
T1  - Identification of a novel cyanobacterial group as active diazotrophs in a coastal microbial mat using NanoSIMS analysis.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 6
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1427
EP  - 1439
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17517362
AB  - N2 fixation is a key process in photosynthetic microbial mats to support the nitrogen demands associated with primary production. Despite its importance, groups that actively fix N2 and contribute to the input of organic N in these ecosystems still remain largely unclear. To investigate the active diazotrophic community in microbial mats from the Elkhorn Slough estuary, Monterey Bay, CA, USA, we conducted an extensive combined approach, including biogeochemical, molecular and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analyses. Detailed analysis of dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) transcript clone libraries from mat samples that fixed N2 at night indicated that cyanobacterial nifH transcripts were abundant and formed a novel monophyletic lineage. Independent NanoSIMS analysis of 15N2-incubated samples revealed significant incorporation of 15N into small, non-heterocystous cyanobacterial filaments. Mat-derived enrichment cultures yielded a unicyanobacterial culture with similar filaments (named Elkhorn Slough Filamentous Cyanobacterium-1 (ESFC-1)) that contained nifH gene sequences grouping with the novel cyanobacterial lineage identified in the transcript clone libraries, displaying up to 100% amino-acid sequence identity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence recovered from this enrichment allowed for the identification of related sequences from Elkhorn Slough mats and revealed great sequence diversity in this cluster. Furthermore, by combining 15N2 tracer experiments, fluorescence in situ hybridization and NanoSIMS, in situ N2 fixation activity by the novel ESFC-1 group was demonstrated, suggesting that this group may be the most active cyanobacterial diazotroph in the Elkhorn Slough mat. Pyrotag sequences affiliated with ESFC-1 were recovered from mat samples throughout 2009, demonstrating the prevalence of this group. This work illustrates that combining standard and single-cell analyses can link phylogeny and function to identify previously unknown key functional groups in complex ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Nitrogen fixation
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Secondary ion mass spectrometry
KW  - Cyanobacterial genes
KW  - Ribosomal RNA
KW  - Fluorescence
N1  - Accession Number: 76639870; Woebken, Dagmar 1; Burow, Luke C 1; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 2; Bebout, Brad M 2; Hoehler, Tori M 2; Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 3; Spormann, Alfred M 4; Weber, Peter K 3; Singer, Steven W 5; Affiliations: 1: 1] Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; 4: Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 5: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Issue Info: Jul2012, Vol. 6 Issue 7, p1427; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen fixation; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Secondary ion mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Cyanobacterial genes; Subject Term: Ribosomal RNA; Subject Term: Fluorescence; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2011.200
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
T1  - Real-Time Aerodynamic Parameter Estimation Without Air Flow Angle Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1064
EP  - 1064
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A technique for estimating aerodynamic parameters in real time using flight data without air flow angle measurements is described and demonstrated. The method is applied to simulated F-16 data and to flight data from a subscale jet transport aircraft. Modeling results obtained with the new approach using flight data without air flow angle measurements are compared with modeling results computed conventionally using flight data that includes air flow angle measurements. Comparisons demonstrate that the new technique can provide accurate aerodynamic modeling results without air flow angle measurements, which are often difficult and expensive to obtain. Implications for efficient flight testing and flight safety are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - JET transports
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - F-16 (Jet fighter plane)
N1  - Accession Number: 78554008; Source Information: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p1064; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: JET transports; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: F-16 (Jet fighter plane); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031568
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=78554008&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
AU  - Dubuisson, Philippe
AU  - Faivre, Michaël
AU  - Chomette, Olivier
AU  - Pascal, Nicolas
AU  - Kratz, David P.
T1  - Retrieval of Cloud Properties Using CALIPSO Imaging Infrared Radiometer. Part I: Effective Emissivity and Optical Depth.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1407
EP  - 1425
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - The paper describes the operational analysis of the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) data, which have been collected in the framework of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation ( CALIPSO) mission for the purpose of retrieving high-altitude (above 7 km) cloud effective emissivity and optical depth that can be used in synergy with the vertically resolved Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) collocated observations. After an IIR scene classification is built under the CALIOP track, the analysis is applied to features detected by CALIOP when found alone in the atmospheric column or when CALIOP identifies an opaque layer underneath. The fast-calculation radiative transfer (FASRAD) model fed by ancillary meteorological and surface data is used to compute the different components involved in the effective emissivity retrievals under the CALIOP track. The track analysis is extended to the IIR swath using homogeneity criteria that are based on radiative equivalence. The effective optical depth at 12.05 μm is shown to be a good proxy for about one-half of the cloud optical depth, allowing direct comparisons with other databases in the visible spectrum. A step-by-step quantitative sensitivity and performance analysis is provided. The method is validated through comparisons of collocated IIR and CALIOP optical depths for elevated single-layered semitransparent cirrus clouds, showing excellent agreement (within 20%) for values ranging from 1 down to 0.05. Uncertainties have been determined from the identified error sources. The optical depth distribution of semitransparent clouds is found to have a nearly exponential shape with a mean value of about 0.5-0.6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Infrared radiometry
KW  - Operations research
KW  - Emissivity -- Measurement
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Lidars/Lidar observations
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 78063665; Garnier, Anne 1; Pelon, Jacques 1; Dubuisson, Philippe 2; Faivre, Michaël 1; Chomette, Olivier 3; Pascal, Nicolas 4; Kratz, David P. 5; Affiliations: 1: * Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UPMC-UVSQ-CNRS, Paris, France; 2: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille 1, Lille, France; 3: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; 4: Hygeos, Lille, France; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jul2012, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p1407; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Infrared radiometry; Subject Term: Operations research; Subject Term: Emissivity -- Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidars/Lidar observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0220.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=78063665&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trembanis, Arthur C.
AU  - Forrest, Alex L.
AU  - Miller, Douglas C.
AU  - Lim, Darlene S. S.
AU  - Gernhardt, Michael L.
AU  - Todd, William L.
T1  - Multiplatform Ocean Exploration: Insights From the NEEMO Space Analog Mission.
JO  - Marine Technology Society Journal
JF  - Marine Technology Society Journal
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 19
SN  - 00253324
AB  - Since the beginning of space exploration, methods and protocols of exploration have been developed using space analogs on Earth to reduce research costs, de-velop safe deployment/retrieval protocols, and ready astronauts for hostile environ-ments in less threatening settings. Space analogs are required as much as ever today as astronauts and scientists develop new tools and techniques for exploration, while working to address evolving mission objectives from low-earth orbit to deep-space exploration. This study examines coordinated human and robotic exploration at the Aquarius Underwater Habitat off of the coast of Key Largo, Florida, in support of the NEEMO 15 (NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations) program. The exploration scheme presented in this work fuses (1 ) robotic precursor missions as a means of remote sensing data collection; (2) crowdsourcing to process immense amounts of data to identify key targets of interest that might be missed in the tight cycle of mission operations; and (3) human exploration to examine locations directly up close and collect physical samples that require involved sampling techniques. Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and single-person submersibles, called DeepWorkers™, were used as underwater analogs of robotic systems currently being used and human-operated vehicles (HOVs) proposed for use on a Near Earth Asteroid (NEA), the Moon, or Mars. In addition to operational lessons learned for space exploration that are directly applicable to ocean exploration, ocean floor mapping provides new levels of detail of benthic habitat critical for coral reef monitoring and management. Opportunistic (onsite adaptive) data sampling also took place by placing self-recording instrumentation onto each of the DeepWorkers, increasing the collection of scientific information during the submersible missions and contributing to mission planning for optimal and efficient use of expensive assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Technology Society Journal is the property of Marine Technology Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Underwater exploration
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Computer network protocols
KW  - Cost control
KW  - Information retrieval
KW  - Robotics
KW  - Aquarius Reef Base
KW  - AUVs
KW  - Conch Reef
KW  - NASA
KW  - space analogs
N1  - Accession Number: 82395159; Trembanis, Arthur C. 1; Email Address: art@udel.edu; Forrest, Alex L. 2; Miller, Douglas C. 1; Lim, Darlene S. S. 3; Gernhardt, Michael L. 4; Todd, William L. 4; Affiliations: 1: College of Earth, Ocean, and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716; 2: University of California Davis, Tahoe Environmental Research Center; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 4: NASA Exploration Missions and Systems Office, Houston, Texas; Issue Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p7; Thesaurus Term: Underwater exploration; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Computer network protocols; Subject Term: Cost control; Subject Term: Information retrieval; Subject Term: Robotics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aquarius Reef Base; Author-Supplied Keyword: AUVs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conch Reef; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: space analogs; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stalport, F.
AU  - Glavin, D.P.
AU  - Eigenbrode, J.L.
AU  - Bish, D.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Coll, P.
AU  - Szopa, C.
AU  - Buch, A.
AU  - McAdam, A.
AU  - Dworkin, J.P.
AU  - Mahaffy, P.R.
T1  - The influence of mineralogy on recovering organic acids from Mars analogue materials using the “one-pot” derivatization experiment on the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 67
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The search for complex organic molecules on Mars, including important biomolecules such as amino acids and carboxylic acids, will require a chemical extraction and a derivatization step to transform these organic compounds into species that are sufficiently volatile to be detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). We have developed a “one-pot” extraction and chemical derivatization protocol using N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) and dimethylformamide (DMF) for the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) experiment instrument suite on NASA''s the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The temperature and duration of the derivatization reaction, pre-concentration of chemical derivatives, and gas chromatographic separation parameters have been optimized under SAM instrument design constraints. MTBSTFA/DMF extraction and derivatization at 300°C for several minutes of a variety of terrestrial Mars analog materials facilitated the detection of amino acids and carboxylic acids in a surface soil sample collected from the Atacama Desert and a carbonate-rich stromatolite sample from Svalbard. However, the rapid reaction of MTBSTFA with water in several analog materials that contained high abundances of hydrated minerals, and the possible deactivation of derivatized compounds by iron oxides, as detected by XRD/XRF using the CheMin field unit Terra, proved to be highly problematic for the direct extraction of organics using MTBSTFA. The combination of pyrolysis and two different wet-chemical derivatization methods employed by SAM should enable a wide range of organic compounds to be detected by GCMS if present on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Organic acids
KW  - Biomolecules
KW  - Derivatization
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Mars
KW  - MSL
KW  - Organic matter
KW  - SAM
N1  - Accession Number: 75354991; Stalport, F. 1,2,3; Email Address: fabien.stalport@lisa.u-pec.fr; Glavin, D.P. 2; Eigenbrode, J.L. 2; Bish, D. 4; Blake, D. 5; Coll, P. 1,2; Szopa, C. 6,7,8,9,10; Buch, A. 11; McAdam, A. 3; Dworkin, J.P. 2; Mahaffy, P.R. 2; Affiliations: 1: LISA, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 7583, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaule, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France; 2: Univ. Paris Est Créteil, UMR CNRS 7583, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaule, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 4: Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: LATMOS-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Cedex, France; 7: Université Versailles St-Quentin, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Cedex, France; 8: CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Cedex, France; 9: IPSL, France; 10: CNRS INSU, Quartier des Garennes, 11 Boulevard d'Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France; 11: LGPM Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France; Issue Info: Jul2012, Vol. 67 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Mineralogy; Thesaurus Term: Organic acids; Thesaurus Term: Biomolecules; Subject Term: Derivatization; Subject Term: Amino acids; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAM; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.02.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Zhang, Gong
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
AU  - Vermote, Eric
AU  - Gao, Feng
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Generating global Leaf Area Index from Landsat: Algorithm formulation and demonstration
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 202
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: This paper summarizes the implementation of a physically based algorithm for the retrieval of vegetation green Leaf Area Index (LAI) from Landsat surface reflectance data. The algorithm is based on the canopy spectral invariants theory and provides a computationally efficient way of parameterizing the Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF) as a function of spatial resolution and wavelength. LAI retrievals from the application of this algorithm to aggregated Landsat surface reflectances are consistent with those of MODIS for homogeneous sites represented by different herbaceous and forest cover types. Example results illustrating the physics and performance of the algorithm suggest three key factors that influence the LAI retrieval process: 1) the atmospheric correction procedures to estimate surface reflectances; 2) the proximity of Landsat-observed surface reflectance and corresponding reflectances as characterized by the model simulation; and 3) the quality of the input land cover type in accurately delineating pure vegetated components as opposed to mixed pixels. Accounting for these factors, a pilot implementation of the LAI retrieval algorithm was demonstrated for the state of California utilizing the Global Land Survey (GLS) 2005 Landsat data archive. In a separate exercise, the performance of the LAI algorithm over California was evaluated by using the short-wave infrared band in addition to the red and near-infrared bands. Results show that the algorithm, while ingesting the short-wave infrared band, has the ability to delineate open canopies with understory effects and may provide useful information compared to a more traditional two-band retrieval. Future research will involve implementation of this algorithm at continental scales and a validation exercise will be performed in evaluating the accuracy of the 30-m LAI products at several field sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Vegetation greenness
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Plant canopies
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Canopy spectral invariants
KW  - Global Land Survey (GLS)
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Leaf Area Index (LAI)
N1  - Accession Number: 79482874; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Zhang, Gong 3; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 4; Milesi, Cristina 4; Michaelis, Andrew 4; Wang, Weile 4; Votava, Petr 4; Samanta, Arindam 5; Melton, Forrest 4; Dungan, Jennifer L. 2; Vermote, Eric 6; Gao, Feng 7; Knyazikhin, Yuri 8; Myneni, Ranga B. 8; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI)/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Watershed Science, Utah State University, UT 84322, USA; 4: Department of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER) Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA; 6: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20771, USA; 7: Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 8: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, MA 02215, USA; Issue Info: Jul2012, Vol. 122, p185; Thesaurus Term: Land cover; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation greenness; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Plant canopies; Subject Term: Leaf area index; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy spectral invariants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Land Survey (GLS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf Area Index (LAI); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Technology and Innovation Committee; Meeting Amendment.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/07/10/
VL  - 77
IS  - 132
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 40646
EP  - 40647
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on the meeting of the Technology and Innovation Committee of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council to be held at the Management Conference Center of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland on July 24, 2012.
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - GREENBELT (Md.)
KW  - MARYLAND
N1  - Accession Number: 78039772; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 7/10/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 132, p40646; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: GREENBELT (Md.); Subject: MARYLAND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA International Space Station Advisory Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/07/12/
VL  - 77
IS  - 134
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 41203
EP  - 41203
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Washington D.C. on August 28, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 78039974; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 7/12/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 134, p41203; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Auletta, Laura
AU  - Ginman, Richard
AU  - Poussard, Ronald A.
T1  - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-60; Introduction.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/07/26/
VL  - 77
IS  - 144
M3  - Article
SP  - 44046
EP  - 44047
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article presents the summary of the Federal Acquisition Circular (FAC) 2005-60 agreed to by the Civilian Agency Acquisition Council and the Defense Acquisition Regulation Council. The FAC Circular 2005-60 amends various rules in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) which include reporting executive compensation, clarification of standards for computer generation forums, and payments under time-and-materials and labor-hour contracts. An overview of the FAR amendments is also provided.
KW  - GOVERNMENT purchasing
KW  - GOVERNMENT policy
KW  - GOVERNMENT spending policy
KW  - DEFENSE procurement
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Defense -- Appropriations & expenditures
N1  - Accession Number: 78329902; Auletta, Laura 1,2; Ginman, Richard 3; Poussard, Ronald A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Acting Senior Procurement Executive, Office of Acquisition Policy, U.S. General Services Administration.; 2: Director, Office of Governmentwide Acquisition Policy, Office of Acquisition Policy, Office of Governmentwide Policy.; 3: Director, Defense Procurement and Acquisition Policy.; 4: Director, Contract Management Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 7/26/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 144, p44046; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT purchasing; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Thesaurus Term: GOVERNMENT spending policy; Subject Term: DEFENSE procurement; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Defense -- Appropriations & expenditures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kasting, James F.
AU  - Catling, David C.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Atmospheric oxygenation and volcanism.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/07/26/
VL  - 487
IS  - 7408
M3  - Article
SP  - E1
EP  - E1
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Arising from F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet & N. T. Arndt 478, 229-232(2011)Around 2.5 billion years ago, Earth's atmosphere turned from anoxic to oxic in what is known as the Great Oxidation Event. Gaillard et al. suggest that this oxygenation was caused by the emergence of the continents and a shift in volcanism from predominantly submarine to primarily subaerial conditions. Because the ratio of volcanic SO2 to H2S in their model increases with this shift, they argue that the atmosphere became more oxidized. But their model also predicts that outgassing of CO2 decreases at the lower pressure of continental volcanism, and that this should act against atmospheric oxygenation because CO2 is the substrate for the production of oxygen from photosynthesis. Hence, their mechanism may not trigger a rise in atmospheric O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmosphere -- Research
KW  - Oxygenation (Chemistry)
KW  - Volcanism
KW  - Continents -- History
KW  - Outgassing (Low pressure environments)
N1  - Accession Number: 78110546; Kasting, James F. 1; Catling, David C. 2; Zahnle, Kevin 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 443 Deike, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, and Astrobiology Program, Box 351310, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 7/26/2012, Vol. 487 Issue 7408, pE1; Thesaurus Term: Atmosphere -- Research; Subject Term: Oxygenation (Chemistry); Subject Term: Volcanism; Subject Term: Continents -- History; Subject Term: Outgassing (Low pressure environments); Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11274
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Winn, Joshua N.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Clarke, Bruce D.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Howard, Andrew W.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Koch, David
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Seader, Shawn E.
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Thompson, Susan E.
T1  - Alignment of the stellar spin with the orbits of a three-planet system.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/07/26/
VL  - 487
IS  - 7408
M3  - Article
SP  - 449
EP  - 453
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The Sun's equator and the planets' orbital planes are nearly aligned, which is presumably a consequence of their formation from a single spinning gaseous disk. For exoplanetary systems this well-aligned configuration is not guaranteed: dynamical interactions may tilt planetary orbits, or stars may be misaligned with the protoplanetary disk through chaotic accretion , magnetic interactions or torques from neighbouring stars. Indeed, isolated 'hot Jupiters' are often misaligned and even orbiting retrograde. Here we report an analysis of transits of planets over starspots on the Sun-like star Kepler-30 (ref. 8), and show that the orbits of its three planets are aligned with the stellar equator. Furthermore, the orbits are aligned with one another to within a few degrees. This configuration is similar to that of our Solar System, and contrasts with the isolated hot Jupiters. The orderly alignment seen in the Kepler-30 system suggests that high obliquities are confined to systems that experienced disruptive dynamical interactions. Should this be corroborated by observations of other coplanar multi-planet systems, then star-disk misalignments would be ruled out as the explanation for the high obliquities of hot Jupiters, and dynamical interactions would be implicated as the origin of hot Jupiters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stars -- Observations
KW  - Stellar evolution
KW  - Kepler's laws
KW  - Astronomical transits
KW  - Starspots
KW  - Planetary orbits
KW  - Solar system
N1  - Accession Number: 78110520; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto 1; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 2; Winn, Joshua N. 1; Barclay, Thomas 3; Clarke, Bruce D. 4; Ford, Eric B. 5; Fortney, Jonathan J. 2; Geary, John C. 6; Holman, Matthew J. 6; Howard, Andrew W. 7; Jenkins, Jon M. 4; Koch, David 8; Lissauer, Jack J. 8; Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7; Mullally, Fergal 4; Ragozzine, Darin 6; Seader, Shawn E. 4; Still, Martin 3; Thompson, Susan E. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; 2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA; 3: 1] Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, California 95476, USA [2] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 4: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave. no. 100, Mountain View, USA; 5: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA; 6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 7: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Issue Info: 7/26/2012, Vol. 487 Issue 7408, p449; Subject Term: Stars -- Observations; Subject Term: Stellar evolution; Subject Term: Kepler's laws; Subject Term: Astronomical transits; Subject Term: Starspots; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Subject Term: Solar system; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11301
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burch, Susan M.
T1  - National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Advisory Board; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/07/27/
VL  - 77
IS  - 145
M3  - Article
SP  - 44288
EP  - 44289
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article announces the meeting of the National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) Advisory Board of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on August 14, 2012 in Arlington, Virginia.
KW  - ADVISORY boards
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 78337388; Burch, Susan M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Acting, Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 7/27/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 145, p44288; Thesaurus Term: ADVISORY boards; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541611 Administrative Management and General Management Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, R. H.
AU  - Karydis, V. A.
AU  - Capps, S. L.
AU  - Lathem, T. L.
AU  - Nenes, A.
T1  - Droplet number prediction uncertainties from CCN: an integrated assessment using observations and a global adjoint model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 20483
EP  - 20517
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We use the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemical transport model with a cloud droplet parameterization adjoint to quantify the sensitivity of cloud droplet number concentration to uncertainties in predicting CCN concentrations. Published CCN closure prediction uncertainties for six different sets of simplifying compositional and mixing state assumptions are used as proxies for modeled CCN uncertainty arising from application of those scenarios. It is found that cloud droplet number concentrations are fairly insensitive to CCN-active aerosol number concentrations over the continents (∂Nd/∂Nd ~ 10-30%), but the sensitivities exceed 70% in pristine regions such as the Alaskan Arctic and remote oceans. Since most of the anthropogenic indirect forcing is concentrated over the continents, this work shows that the application of Köhler theory and attendant simplifying assumptions in models is not a major source of uncertainty in predicting cloud droplet number or anthropogenic aerosol indirect forcing for the liquid, stratiform clouds simulated in these models. However, it does highlight the sensitivity of some remote areas to pollution brought into the region via long-range transport (e.g. biomass burning) or from seasonal biogenic sources (e.g. phytoplankton as a source of dimethylsulfide in the southern oceans). Since these transient processes are not captured well by the climatological emissions inventories employed by current large-scale models, the uncertainties in aerosol-cloud interactions during these events could be much larger than those uncovered here. This finding motivates additional measurements in these pristine regions, which have received little attention to date, in order to quantify the impact of, and uncertainty associated with, transient processes in effecting changes in cloud properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Cloud droplets
KW  - Dimethyl sulfide
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Prediction models
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Global modeling systems
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 83301531; Moore, R. H. 1,2; Karydis, V. A. 3; Capps, S. L. 1; Lathem, T. L. 3; Nenes, A. 1,3; Email Address: athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p20483; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Cloud droplets; Thesaurus Term: Dimethyl sulfide; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Prediction models; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Global modeling systems; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Number of Pages: 35p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 1 Graph, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-20483-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Kennedy, Martin J.
AU  - Morrison, Keith D.
AU  - Mrofka, David D.
T1  - The influence of authigenic clay formation on the mineralogy and stable isotopic record of lacustrine carbonates
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 90
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 82
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The mineralogical, compositional and stable isotopic variability of lacustrine carbonates are frequently used as proxies for ancient paleoenvironmental change in continental settings, under the assumption that precipitated carbonates reflect conditions and chemistry of ancient lake waters. In some saline and alkaline lake systems, however, authigenic clay minerals, forming at or near the sediment water interface, are a major sedimentary component. Often these clays are rich in Mg, influencing the geochemical budget of lake waters, and are therefore expected to influence the properties of contemporaneous authigenic carbonate precipitates (which may also contain Mg). This paper documents evidence for a systematic feedback between clay mineral and carbonate authigenesis through multiple precessionally driven, m-scale sedimentary cycles in lacustrine oil-shale deposits of the Eocene Green River Formation from the Uinta Basin (NE Utah). In the studied section, authigenic, Mg-rich, trioctahedral smectite content varies cyclically between 9 and 39wt.%. The highest concentrations occur in oil-shales and calcareous mudstones deposited during high lake level intervals that favored sedimentary condensation, lengthening the time available for clay diagenesis and reducing dilution by other siliciclastic phases. An inverse relation between dolomite percentage of carbonate and trioctahedral smectite abundance suggests the Mg uptake during clay authigenesis provides a first order control on carbonate mineralogy that better explains carbonate mineralogical trends than the possible alternative controls of (1) variable Mg/Ca ratios in lake water and (2) degree of microbial activity in sediments. We also observe that cyclical change in carbonate mineralogy, believed to be induced by clay authigenesis, also causes isotopic covariation between δ13CPDB and δ18OPDB of bulk sediments because of differences in the equilibrium fractionation factors of dolomite and calcite (∼2‰ and ∼2.6%, respectively). This provides an alternative mechanism for the common pattern of isotopic covariation, which is typically attributed to the effect of simultaneous changes in water balance and biological activity on the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of lake waters. These findings may help improve paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on lacustrine carbonate records by adding to the factors known to influence the mineralogical, compositional and stable isotopic signals recorded by lacustrine carbonates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Mudstone
KW  - Sedimentary rocks
KW  - Clay
KW  - Formations (Geology)
KW  - Carbonate rocks
KW  - Stable isotopes
KW  - Sediment-water interfaces
KW  - Authigenesis
N1  - Accession Number: 77768569; Bristow, Thomas F. 1; Email Address: thomas.f.bristow@nasa.gov; Kennedy, Martin J. 2; Morrison, Keith D. 3; Mrofka, David D. 4; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; 3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 4: Department of Earth Sciences, Mt. San Antonio College, Walnut, CA 91789, USA; Issue Info: Aug2012, Vol. 90, p64; Thesaurus Term: Mineralogy; Thesaurus Term: Mudstone; Thesaurus Term: Sedimentary rocks; Thesaurus Term: Clay; Subject Term: Formations (Geology); Subject Term: Carbonate rocks; Subject Term: Stable isotopes; Subject Term: Sediment-water interfaces; Subject Term: Authigenesis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thenkabail, Prasad S.
AU  - Knox, Jerry W.
AU  - Ozdogan, Mutlu
AU  - Gumma, Murali Krishna
AU  - Congalton, Russell G.
AU  - Zhuoting Wu
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Finkral, Alex
AU  - Marshall, Mike
AU  - Mariotto, Isabella
AU  - Songcai You
AU  - Gin, Chandra
AU  - Nagler, Pamela
T1  - ASSESSING FUTURE RISKS TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, WATER RESOURCES AND FOOD SECURITY: How CAN REMOTE SENSING HELP?
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 78
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 773
EP  - 782
SN  - 00991112
AB  - The article discusses the use of remote sensing to assess risk in agricultural productivity, food security, and water resources. According to the article, increasing demand for food exceeds the level of global agricultural development. Topics include crop yield, crop distribution, and agricultural mapping.
KW  - Agricultural development
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Crop yields
KW  - Water -- Management
KW  - Crops -- Geographical distribution
KW  - Agricultural mapping
KW  - Food security
N1  - Accession Number: 78418584; Thenkabail, Prasad S.; Email Address: pthenkabail@usgs.gov; Knox, Jerry W. 1; Ozdogan, Mutlu 2; Gumma, Murali Krishna 3; Congalton, Russell G. 4; Zhuoting Wu 5; Milesi, Cristina 6; Finkral, Alex; Marshall, Mike; Mariotto, Isabella 7; Songcai You 8; Gin, Chandra; Nagler, Pamela; Affiliations: 1: Cranfield University, Cranfield Water Science Institute, Bedford, UK; 2: University of Wisconsin; 3: International Rice Research Institute; 4: University of New Hampshire; 5: U.S. Geological Survey and Northern Arizona University; 6: California State University Monterey Bay/National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 7: U.S. Geological Survey and University of Arizona; 8: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Issue Info: Aug2012, Vol. 78 Issue 8, p773; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural development; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Crop yields; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Management; Thesaurus Term: Crops -- Geographical distribution; Subject Term: Agricultural mapping; Subject Term: Food security; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mukherjee, Avijit
AU  - Hansen, Mark
AU  - Grabbe, Shon
T1  - Ground delay program planning under uncertainty in airport capacity.
JO  - Transportation Planning & Technology
JF  - Transportation Planning & Technology
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 611
EP  - 628
SN  - 03081060
AB  - This paper presents an algorithm for assigning flight departure delays under probabilistic airport capacity. The algorithm dynamically adapts to weather forecasts by revising, if necessary, departure delays. The proposed algorithm leverages state-of-the-art optimization techniques that have appeared in recent literature. As a case study, the algorithm is applied to assigning departure delays to flights scheduled to arrive at San Francisco International Airport in the presence of uncertainty in the fog clearance time. The cumulative distribution function of fog clearance time was estimated from historical data. Using daily weather forecasts to update the probabilities of fog clearance times resulted in improvement of the algorithm's performance. Experimental results also indicate that if the proposed algorithm is applied to assign ground delays to flights inbound at San Francisco International airport, overall delays could be reduced up to 25% compared to current level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Planning & Technology is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPORT capacity
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - AIRLINE industry -- Management
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - APPROXIMATION algorithms
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - air traffic management
KW  - air transportation
KW  - ground delay program
KW  - optimization
KW  - SAN Francisco International Airport (Calif.)
N1  - Accession Number: 78335116; Mukherjee, Avijit 1; Email Address: avijit@ucsc.edu; Hansen, Mark 2; Grabbe, Shon 3; Affiliations: 1: University Affiliated Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, MS 210 – 8, Bldg. N210, Room 220, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 114 McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; 3: Aviation Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 210-15, Bldg. N210, Room 121, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Issue Info: Aug2012, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p611; Thesaurus Term: AIRPORT capacity; Thesaurus Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Thesaurus Term: AIR traffic control; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Thesaurus Term: AIRLINE industry -- Management; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION algorithms; Subject: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: air traffic management; Author-Supplied Keyword: air transportation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ground delay program; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimization ; Company/Entity: SAN Francisco International Airport (Calif.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/03081060.2012.710031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Christensen.-Dalsgaard, Jörgen
AU  - Deck, Katherine M.
AU  - Elsworth, Yvonne
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Hale, Steven J.
AU  - Handberg, Rasmus
AU  - Hekker, Saskia
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Karoff, Christopher
AU  - Kawaler, Steven D.
AU  - Kjeldsen, Hans
T1  - Kepler-36: A Pair of Planets with Neighboring Orbits and Dissimilar Densities.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/08/03/
VL  - 337
IS  - 6094
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 559
SN  - 00368075
AB  - In the solar system, the planets' compositions vary with orbital distance, with rocky planets in close orbits and tower-density gas giants in wider orbits. The detection of close-in giant planets around other stars was the first clue that this pattern is not universal and that planets' orbits can change substantially after their formation. Here, we report another violation of the orbit-composition pattern: two planets orbiting the same star with orbital distances differing by only 10% and densities differing by a factor of 8. One planet is likely a rocky "super-Earth," whereas the other is more akin to Neptune. These planets are 20 times more closely spaced and have a larger density contrast than any adjacent pair of planets in the solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Orbits
KW  - Orbit determination
KW  - Planets -- Observations
KW  - Planetary geology
KW  - Atmospheres of extrasolar planets
KW  - Kepler's laws
KW  - Planetary science
KW  - Astronomical observations
N1  - Accession Number: 78557517; Carter, Joshua A. 1; Email Address: jacarter@cfa.harvard.edu; Agol, Eric 2; Email Address: agol@astro.washington.edu; Chaplin, William J. 3; Basu, Sarbani 4; Bedding, Timothy R. 5; Buchhave, Lars A. 6; Christensen.-Dalsgaard, Jörgen 7; Deck, Katherine M. 8; Elsworth, Yvonne 3; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 9; Ford, Eric B. 10; Fortney, Jonathan J. 11; Hale, Steven J. 3; Handberg, Rasmus 7; Hekker, Saskia 12; Holman, Matthew J. 13; Huber, Daniel 14; Karoff, Christopher 7; Kawaler, Steven D. 15; Kjeldsen, Hans 7; Affiliations: 1: Hubble Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 2: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK; 4: Department and Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; 5: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia and Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 6: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; 7: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; 8: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Physics Department and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA; 9: Hubble Fellow, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 10: Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2055, USA; 11: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 12: Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek, " University of Amsterdam, Netherlands School of Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 211, UK; 13: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 14: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Issue Info: 8/3/2012, Vol. 337 Issue 6094, p556; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Orbits; Subject Term: Orbit determination; Subject Term: Planets -- Observations; Subject Term: Planetary geology; Subject Term: Atmospheres of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Kepler's laws; Subject Term: Planetary science; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1223269
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wintucky, E.G.
AU  - Simons, R.N.
AU  - Freeman, J.C.
AU  - Chevalier, C.T.
AU  - Abraham, A.J.
T1  - High-efficiency three-way Ka-band waveguide unequal power combiner.
JO  - IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2012/08/21/
VL  - 6
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1195
EP  - 1199
SN  - 17518725
AB  - This article presents the design, simulation and characterisation of a novel high-efficiency Ka-band (32.05±0.25 GHz) rectangular waveguide three-way serial combiner for monolithic microwave integrated circuit power amplifiers (PAs) with unequal output power. The combiner presented here is suited for low data rate communications from deep space using a single carrier with constant envelope (amplitude) type modulation. The three-way combiner consists internally of two branch-line hybrids connected in series by a short length of waveguide. The two branch-line hybrids were each designed to combine two input signals that are equal in phase and with an amplitude ratio of two, although in general the amplitude ratio could be arbitrary. The combiner was fabricated in an E-plane split-block arrangement and precision machined from blocks of aluminium with standard WR-28 waveguide ports. S-parameter measurements demonstrated a close achievement of the design goals. The measured return loss at the output port was greater than 16 dB and the isolation between the three input ports of the three-way combiner were greater than 22 dB. The combining of three PAs was successfully demonstrated in which the measured combining efficiency was greater than 90% at the centre frequency of 32.05 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - MONOLITHIC microwave integrated circuits
KW  - POWER amplifiers
KW  - BIT rate (Telecommunication)
KW  - DEEP Space Network
N1  - Accession Number: 82713301; Wintucky, E.G. 1; Simons, R.N. 1; Freeman, J.C. 1; Chevalier, C.T. 2; Abraham, A.J. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA; 2: QinetiQ North America Corporation, Cleveland, USA; 3: Lehigh University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bethlehem, USA; Issue Info: 8/21/2012, Vol. 6 Issue 11, p1195; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: MONOLITHIC microwave integrated circuits; Subject Term: POWER amplifiers; Subject Term: BIT rate (Telecommunication); Subject Term: DEEP Space Network; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/iet-map.2012.0207
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Commercial Space Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/08/28/
VL  - 77
IS  - 167
M3  - Article
SP  - 52067
EP  - 52067
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information about a meeting organized by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held in Moffett Field, California on September 18, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - MOFFETT Field (Calif.)
N1  - Accession Number: 79837114; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 8/28/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 167, p52067; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: MOFFETT Field (Calif.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MILLER, WARNECKE1
AU  - GRIFFIN, REBECCA2
T1  - ADJUDICATING ADDICTS: SOCIAL SECURITY DISABILITY, THE FAILURE TO ADEQUATELY ADDRESS SUBSTANCE ABUSE, AND PROPOSALS FOR CHANGE.
JO  - Administrative Law Review
JF  - Administrative Law Review
J1  - Administrative Law Review
PY  - 2012///Fall2012
Y1  - 2012///Fall2012
VL  - 64
IS  - 4
CP  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 967
EP  - 991
SN  - 00018368
AB  - The article focuses on the adjudication of drug addicts in the U.S. Topics include the Social Security disability program requirements, the U.S.'s failure to address substance abuse, and the government's interest in discouraging alcohol and drug abuse. Information is provided on drug law reform and substance abuse programs for addicts.
KW  - Substance abuse
KW  - Procedure (Law)
KW  - Drug abuse
KW  - Addicts -- Legal status, laws, etc.
KW  - Social security -- United States
KW  - Social legislation -- United States
N1  - Accession Number: 84548737; Authors:MILLER, WARNECKE 1; GRIFFIN, REBECCA 2; Affiliations:  1: Attorney-advisor, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center;  2: University of Kentucky College of Law; Subject: Addicts -- Legal status, laws, etc.; Subject: Substance abuse; Subject: Procedure (Law); Subject: Drug abuse; Subject: Social security -- United States; Subject: Social legislation -- United States; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 25p; Record Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 10630
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lft
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Lambert, A.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - An assessment of CALIOP polar stratospheric cloud composition classification.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 24643
EP  - 24676
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This study assesses the robustness of the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) composition classification algorithm -- which is based solely on the spaceborne lidar data - through the use of nearly coincident gas-phase HNO3 data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Aura and Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) temperature analyses. Following the approach of Lambert et al. (2012), we compared the observed temperaturedependent HNO3 uptake by CALIOP PSCs with modeled uptake for equilibrium STS (supercooled ternary solution) and NAT (nitric acid trihydrate), which indicates how well PSCs in the various composition classes conform to expected temperature existence regimes and also offers some insight into PSC growth kinetics. We examined the CALIOP PSC data record from both polar regions over the period from 2006 through 2011 and over a range of potential temperature levels spanning the 15-30 km altitude range. We found that most PSCs identified as STS exhibit gas phase uptake of HNO3 consistent with theory, but with a small temperature bias, similar to Lambert et al. (2012). Ice PSC classification is also robust in the CALIOP optical data, with the mode in the ice observations occurring about 0.5K below the frost point. We found that CALIOP PSCs identified as liquid/NAT mixtures exhibit two distinct preferred modes. One mode is significantly out of thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to NAT (4-5K below the equilibrium NAT existence temperature), with HNO3 uptake dominated by the more numerous liquid droplets. The other liquid/NAT mixture mode is much closer to NAT thermodynamic equilibrium, indicating that the particles have been exposed to temperatures below the NAT existence temperature for extended periods of time. The CALIOP PSC composition classification scheme was found to be excellent in an overall sense, and we have a good understanding of the cause of the minor misclassifications that do occur. We will investigate means to correct these deficiencies in our next generation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Classification
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Space-based radar
KW  - Thermodynamic equilibrium
N1  - Accession Number: 83339811; Pitts, M. C. 1; Email Address: michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov; Poole, L. R. 2; Lambert, A. 3; Thomason, L. W. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p24643; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Classification; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Space-based radar; Subject Term: Thermodynamic equilibrium; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-24643-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lathem, T. L.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Winstead, E. L.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Hecobian, A.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Weber, R. J.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Nenes, A.
T1  - Analysis of CCN activity of Arctic aerosol and Canadian biomass burning during summer 2008.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 24677
EP  - 24733
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The NASA DC-8 aircraft characterized the aerosol properties, chemical composition, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations of the summertime Arctic during the 2008 NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. Air masses characteristic of fresh and 5 aged biomass burning, boreal forest, Arctic background, and anthropogenic industrial pollution were sampled. Observations were spatially extensive (50-85° N and 40-130° W) and exhibit significant variability in aerosol and CCN concentrations. The chemical composition was dominated by highly oxidized organics (66-94% by volume), more than half of which was water-soluble. The aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, κ, ranged between κ =0.1-0.32 for all air mass types. Industrial pollution had the lowest κ of 0.08±0.01, while the Arctic background had the highest and most variable κ of 0.32±0.21, resulting from a lower and more variable organic fraction. Both fresh and aged (long-range transported) biomass burning air masses exhibited remarkably similar κ (0.18±0.13), consistent with observed rapid chemical and physical aging of smoke emissions in the atmosphere, even in the vicinity of fresh fires. The organic hygroscopicity (κ org) was parameterized by the volume fraction of water-soluble organic matter (εWSOM), with a κ =0.12, such that κorg=0.12εWSOM. Assuming bulk (size-independent) composition and including the κorg parameterization enabled CCN predictions to within 30% accuracy for nearly all environments sampled. The only 20 exception was for industrial pollution from Canadian oil sands exploration, where an external mixture and size-dependent composition was required. Aerosol mixing state assumptions (internal vs. external) in all other environments did not significantly affect CCN predictions; however, the external mixing assumption provided the best results, even though the available observations could not determine the true degree of external mixing. No correlation was observed between κorg and O:C. A novel correction of the CCN instrument supersaturation for water vapor depletion, resulting from high concentrations of CCN, was also employed. This correction was especially important for fresh biomass burning plumes where concentrations exceeded 1.5x104 cm-3 and introduced supersaturation depletions of ≥25 %. Not accounting for supersaturation depletion in these high concentration environments would therefore bias CCN closure and inferred κ by up to 50 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Emission control
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Condensation (Meteorology)
KW  - Summer
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 83339812; Lathem, T. L. 1; Beyersdorf, A. J. 2; Thornhill, K. L. 2,3; Winstead, E. L. 2,3; Cubison, M. J. 4,5; Hecobian, A. 1,6; Jimenez, J. L. 4; Weber, R. J. 1; Anderson, B. E. 2; Nenes, A. 1,7; Email Address: athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Tofwerk AG, Thun, Switzerland; 6: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; 7: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p24677; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Emission control; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Condensation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Summer; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 57p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-24677-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Tackett, J. L.
AU  - Getzewich, B. J.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
T1  - The global 3-D distribution of tropospheric aerosols as characterized by CALIOP.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 24847
EP  - 24893
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The CALIOP lidar, carried on the CALIPSO satellite, has been acquiring global atmospheric profiles since June 2006. This dataset now offers the opportunity to characterize the global 3-D distribution of aerosol as well as seasonal and interannual variations, and confront aerosol models with observations in a way that has not been possible before. With that goal in mind, a monthly global gridded dataset of daytime and nighttime aerosol extinction profiles has been constructed. Averaged aerosol profiles for cloudfree and all-sky conditions are reported separately. This 6-yr dataset characterizes the global 3-dimensional distribution of tropospheric aerosol. Vertical distributions are seen to vary with season, as both source strengths and transport mechanisms vary. In most regions, clear-sky and all-sky mean aerosol profiles are found to be quite similar, implying a lack of correlation between high semi-transparent cloud and aerosol in the lower troposphere. An initial evaluation of the accuracy of the aerosol extinction profiles is presented. Detection limitations and the representivity of aerosol profiles in the upper troposphere are of particular concern. While results are preliminary, we present evidence that the monthly-mean gridded CALIOP aerosol profiles are representative for aerosol extinction greater than about 0.001 km-1 and up to an altitude of 4-6 km in most cases. The work described here forms an initial global 3-D aerosol climatology which hopefully will be extended and improved over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 83339816; Winker, D. M. 1; Email Address: david.m.winker@nasa.gov; Tackett, J. L. 2; Getzewich, B. J. 2; Liu, Z. 2; Vaughan, M. A. 1; Rogers, R. R. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS/475, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: SSAI, Hampton, VA, c/o NASA LaRC, MS/475, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p24847; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-24847-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertram, T. H.
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - On the export of reactive nitrogen from Asia: NOx partitioning and effects on ozone.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 24955
EP  - 24984
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NOy) was measured over the remote North Pacific during spring 2006. We use these observations to assess the impact of increasing emissions of nitrogen oxides in East Asia on ozone (O3) production rates over the remote Pacific and the intercontinental transport of O3 and its precursors to North America. Aircraft observations of speciated NOy, made between 25° and 55° N, confirm a controlling role for peroxyacyl nitrates in NOx production in aged Asian outflow, accounting for more than 60% of NOy above 5 km, while thermal dissociation limits their contribution to less than 10% in the lower troposphere. The observations reveal the extreme sensitivity of the remote Pacific to future changes in NOx loadings, with an experimentally determined crossover point between net Ox destruction and net Ox production of 60 pptv NOx. Using simultaneous observations of speciated NOy and wind speed, we calculate the flux of reactive nitrogen through the meridional plane of 150°W (between 25° and 55° N) to be 0.007±0.002 TgNday-1, which provides an upper limit of 15% on the export efficiency of NOy from East Asia. Analysis of the sub-siding plumes in the sampling domains suggests that episodic dry subsidence events play an important role in the intercontinental transport of ozone and its precursors from East Asia to North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nitrogen oxides
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Spring
KW  - North Pacific Region
KW  - North America
N1  - Accession Number: 83339818; Bertram, T. H. 1,2; Perring, A. E. 1,3; Wooldridge, P. J. 1; Dibb, J. 4; Avery, M. A. 5; Cohen, R. C. 1,6; Email Address: rccohen@berkeley.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, USA; 3: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p24955; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Spring; Subject Term: North Pacific Region; Subject: North America; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-24955-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=83339818&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Painemal, D.
AU  - Zuidema, P.
T1  - The first aerosol indirect effect quantified through airborne remote sensing during VOCALS-REx.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 25441
EP  - 25485
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The first aerosol indirect effect (1AIE) is investigated using a combination of in situ and remotely-sensed aircraft (NCAR C-130) observations acquired during VOCALS-REx over the Southeast Pacific stratocumulus cloud regime. Satellite analyses have previously identified a high albedo susceptibitility to changes in cloud microphysics and aerosols over this region. The 1AIE was broken down into the product of two independently-estimated terms: the cloud aerosol interaction metric ACI&tau = dlnτ/dlnNa|LWP' and the relative albedo (A) susceptibility SR-τ = dA/3dlnτ|LWP' with τ and Na denoting retrieved cloud optical thickness and in-situ aerosol concentration, respectively and calculated for fixed intervals of liquid water path (LWP). ACIτ was estimated by combining in-situ Na sampled below the cloud, with τ and LWP derived from, respectively, simultaneous upward-looking broadband irradiance and narrow field-of-view millimeter-wave radiometer measurements, collected at 1 Hz during four eight-hour daytime flights by the C-130 aircraft. ACIτ values were typically large, close to the physical upper limit (0.33), increasing with LWP. The high ACIτ values were in agreement with other in-situ airborne studies in pristine marine stratocumulus and reflect the imposition of a LWP constraint and simultaneity of aerosol and cloud measurements. SR-τ increased with LWP and τ, reached a maximum SR-τ (0.086) for LWP (τ) of 58 gm-2 (13-14), decreasing slightly thereafter. The net first aerosol indirect effect thus increased over the LWP range of 30-80 gm-2. These values were consistent with satellite estimates derived from instantaneous, collocated CERES albedo and MODIS-retrieved droplet number concentrations at 50 km resolution. The consistency of the airborne and satellite estimates (for airborne remotely sensed Nd < 1100cm-3), despite their independent approaches, differences in observational scales, and retrieval assumptions, is hypothesized to reflect the robust remote sensing conditions for these homogeneous clouds. We recommend the Southeast Pacific for a regional assessment of the first aerosol indirect effect in climate models on this basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Stratocumulus clouds
KW  - Remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects
KW  - Meteorological observations
N1  - Accession Number: 83339829; Painemal, D. 1; Email Address: david.painemal@nasa.gov; Zuidema, P. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, FL, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p25441; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Stratocumulus clouds; Subject Term: Remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-25441-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=83339829&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, H.B.
AU  - Cai, C.
AU  - Kaduwela, A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
T1  - Interactions of fire emissions and urban pollution over California: Ozone formation and air quality simulations
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 56
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 51
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: An instrumented DC-8 aircraft was employed to perform airborne observations in rural and urban environs of California during the summer 2008 NASA ARCTAS-CARB campaign. The fortuitous occurrence of large wildfire episodes in Northern California allowed for studies of fire emissions, their composition, and their interactions with rural and urban air. Relative to CO, emissions of HCN were shown to vary non-linearly with fire characteristics while those of CH3CN were nearly unchanged, making the latter a superior quantitative tracer of biomass combustion. Although some fire plumes over California contained little NOx and virtually no O3 enhancement, others contained ample VOCs and sufficient NOx, largely from urban influences, to result in significant ozone formation. The highest observed O3 mixing ratios (170 ppb) were also in fire-influenced urban air masses. Attempts to simulate these interactions using CMAQ, a high-resolution state of the art air quality model, were only minimally successful and indicated several shortcomings in simulating fire emission influences on urban smog formation. A variety of secondary oxidation products (e.g. O3, PAN, HCHO) were substantially underestimated in fire-influenced air masses. Available data involving fire plumes and anthropogenic pollution interactions are presently quite sparse and additional observational and mechanistic studies are needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Urban ecology (Biology)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Smog
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Aircraft industry
KW  - California
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - PAN
KW  - Wildfires
N1  - Accession Number: 77338991; Singh, H.B. 1; Email Address: Hanwant.b.singh@nasa.gov; Cai, C. 2; Kaduwela, A. 2; Weinheimer, A. 3; Wisthaler, A. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: Sep2012, Vol. 56, p45; Thesaurus Term: Urban pollution; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Urban ecology (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Smog; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Aircraft industry; Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formaldehyde; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfires; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.046
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=77338991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ichimura, A.S.
AU  - Zent, A.P.
AU  - Quinn, R.C.
AU  - Sanchez, M.R.
AU  - Taylor, L.A.
T1  - Hydroxyl (OH) production on airless planetary bodies: Evidence from H+/D+ ion-beam experiments
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 345-348
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 94
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: The hypothesis that bombardment of lunar soil with solar-wind protons might form hydroxyl (OH) and perhaps HOH has been tested by experiments with Apollo 16 (highlands) and Apollo 17 (mare) soils. Pre-dried soils (500°C) were bombarded with 1.1keV protons and deuterons and provide unambiguous evidence for the formation of OH or OD in both samples. This hypothesis further predicts the formation of hydroxyl (OH) on other airless planetary/asteroidal bodies, with a sufficient solar-wind flux. Deuteron implantation of unaltered lunar soils and a heat-treated plagioclase specimen cause simultaneous OH depletion and OD formation. Ion bombardment of lunar soils simulates the dynamic process of hydroxyl formation and may also deplete intrinsic OH, thereby effectively contributing to the day/night, diurnal variability of OH reported by . Our results emphasize the need to use lunar soils with space-weathered exteriors in laboratory simulations of the solar wind. Infrared spectra of hydrogen ion-beam implanted soils are similar to spectra obtained at RELAB (Brown Univ.) and to those observed by remote sensing confirming the solar-wind hypothesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydroxyl group
KW  - Planetary theory
KW  - Ion bombardment
KW  - Lunar soil
KW  - Solar wind
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Heat treatment
KW  - hydroxyl
KW  - infrared
KW  - lunar soil
KW  - OH
KW  - proton ion-beam
KW  - solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 78545150; Ichimura, A.S. 1; Email Address: ichimura@sfsu.edu; Zent, A.P. 2; Email Address: Aaron.P.Zent@nasa.gov; Quinn, R.C. 3; Sanchez, M.R. 1; Taylor, L.A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 4: Planetary Geosciences Institute, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Issue Info: Sep2012, Vol. 345-348, p90; Subject Term: Hydroxyl group; Subject Term: Planetary theory; Subject Term: Ion bombardment; Subject Term: Lunar soil; Subject Term: Solar wind; Subject Term: Asteroids; Subject Term: Heat treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydroxyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar soil; Author-Supplied Keyword: OH; Author-Supplied Keyword: proton ion-beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar wind; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=78545150&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan, Yuki
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Lau, Maggie C. Y.
AU  - Ha, Kong Ying
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - Cockell, Charles S.
AU  - Cowan, Donald A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
T1  - Hypolithic microbial communities: between a rock and a hard place.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 14
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2272
EP  - 2282
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Drylands are the largest terrestrial biome on Earth and a ubiquitous feature is desert pavement terrain, comprising rocks embedded in the mineral soil surface. Quartz and other translucent rocks are common and microbial communities termed hypoliths develop as biofilms on their ventral surfaces. In extreme deserts these represent major concentrations of biomass, and are emerging as key to geobiological processes and soil stabilization. These highly specialized communities are dominated by cyanobacteria that support diverse heterotrophic assemblages. Here we identify global-scale trends in the ecology of hypoliths that are strongly related to climate, particularly with regard to shifts in cyanobacterial assemblages. A synthesis of available data revealed a linear trend for colonization with regard to climate, and we suggest potential application for hypoliths as 'biomarkers' of aridity on a landscape scale. The potential to exploit the soil-stabilizing properties of hypolithic colonization in environmental engineering on dryland soils is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Soil stabilization
KW  - Biofilms
KW  - Cyanobacteria -- Ecology
N1  - Accession Number: 79613558; Chan, Yuki 1; Lacap, Donnabella C. 1; Lau, Maggie C. Y. 2; Ha, Kong Ying 1; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 3; Cockell, Charles S. 4; Cowan, Donald A. 5; McKay, Christopher P. 3; Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Affiliations: 1: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China; 2: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; 4: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK; 5: Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Issue Info: Sep2012, Vol. 14 Issue 9, p2272; Thesaurus Term: Microbial ecology; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Soil stabilization; Thesaurus Term: Biofilms; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria -- Ecology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02821.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marhadi, Kun
AU  - Venkataraman, Satchi
AU  - Pai, Shantaram S.
T1  - Quantifying uncertainty in statistical distribution of small sample data using Bayesian inference of unbounded Johnson distribution.
JO  - International Journal of Reliability & Safety
JF  - International Journal of Reliability & Safety
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 337
SN  - 1479389X
AB  - The article presents a study which quantifies uncertainty in small sample data's statistical distribution with the use of Bayesian inference of unbounded Johnson distribution to identify location, shape, and scale parameters of distribution. The study uses a Johnson SU family distribution for small sample data. Results show that the procedure rightly bounds the distributions' tail regions.
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - UNCERTAINTY
KW  - DATA
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - engineering design
KW  - Johnson distribution
KW  - small sample data
KW  - statistical uncertainty
KW  - tail regions
N1  - Accession Number: 82371447; Marhadi, Kun 1; Venkataraman, Satchi 2; Pai, Shantaram S. 3; Affiliations: 1: Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1308, USA.; 2: Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1308, USA.; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p311; Thesaurus Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Thesaurus Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Thesaurus Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY; Subject Term: DATA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: engineering design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Johnson distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: small sample data; Author-Supplied Keyword: statistical uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: tail regions; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Neil Y.
AU  - Sridhar, Banavar
AU  - Ng, Hok K.
T1  - Tradeoff Between Contrail Reduction and Emissions in United States National Airspace.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1367
EP  - 1375
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes a class of strategies for reducing persistent contrail formation with the capability of trading off between contrails and aircraft-induced emissions. The concept of contrail-frequency index is defined and used to quantify the contrail activities. The contrail-reduction strategies reduce the contrail-frequency index by altering aircraft's cruising altitude with consideration to extra emissions. The strategies use a user-defined factor to trade off between contrail reduction and extra emissions. The analysis shows that contrails can be reduced with extra emissions and without adding congestion to airspace. For a day with high contrail activities, the results show that the maximal contrail-reduction strategy can achieve a contrail reduction of 88%. When a tradeoff factor is used, the strategy can achieve less contrail reduction while emitting less emissions compared to the maximal contrail-reduction strategy. The user-defined tradeoff factor provides a flexible way to trade off between contrail reduction and extra emissions. Better understanding of the tradeoffs between contrails and emissions and their impact on the climate need to be developed to fully use this class of contrail-reduction strategies. The strategies provide a starting point for developing operational policies to reduce the impact of aviation on climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION trails
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AIRSPACE (International law)
KW  - EMISSIONS trading
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 82669796; Source Information: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p1367; Subject Term: CONDENSATION trails; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AIRSPACE (International law); Subject Term: EMISSIONS trading; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031680
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=82669796&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Benefits for bone from resistance exercise and nutrition in long-duration spaceflight: Evidence from biochemistry and densitometry.
AU  - Smith, Scott M
AU  - Heer, Martina A
AU  - Shackelford, Linda C
AU  - Sibonga, Jean D
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori
AU  - Zwart, Sara R
JO  - Journal of Bone & Mineral Research
JF  - Journal of Bone & Mineral Research
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 27
IS  - 9
SP  - 1896
EP  - 1906
SN  - 08840431
N1  - Accession Number: 79119462; Author: Smith, Scott M: 1 Author: Heer, Martina A: 2,3 Author: Shackelford, Linda C: 1 Author: Sibonga, Jean D: 1 Author: Ploutz-Snyder, Lori: 4 Author: Zwart, Sara R: 4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA: 2 Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany: 3 Profil Institute for Metabolic Research GmbH, Neuss, Germany: 4 Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA; No. of Pages: 11; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20120820
N2  - Exercise has shown little success in mitigating bone loss from long-duration spaceflight. The first crews of the International Space Station (ISS) used the 'interim resistive exercise device' (iRED), which allowed loads of up to 297 lbf (or 1337 N) but provided little protection of bone or no greater protection than aerobic exercise. In 2008, the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED), which allowed absolute loads of up to 600 lbf (1675 N), was launched to the ISS. We report dietary intake, bone densitometry, and biochemical markers in 13 crewmembers on ISS missions from 2006 to 2009. Of these 13, 8 had access to the iRED and 5 had access to the ARED. In both groups, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase tended to increase during flight toward the end of the mission ( p = 0.06) and increased 30 days after landing ( p < 0.001). Most markers of bone resorption were also increased in both groups during flight and 30 days after landing ( p < 0.05). Bone densitometry revealed significant interactions (time and exercise device) for pelvis bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content ( p < 0.01), hip femoral neck BMD ( p < 0.05), trochanter BMD ( p < 0.05), and total hip BMD ( p < 0.05). These variables were unchanged from preflight only for ARED crewmembers, who also returned from flight with higher percent lean mass and lower percent fat mass. Body mass was unchanged after flight in both groups. All crewmembers had nominal vitamin D status (75 ± 17 nmol/L) before and during flight. These data document that resistance exercise, coupled with adequate energy intake (shown by maintenance of body mass determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DXA]) and vitamin D, can maintain bone in most regions during 4- to 6-month missions in microgravity. This is the first evidence that improving nutrition and resistance exercise during spaceflight can attenuate the expected BMD deficits previously observed after prolonged missions. © 2012 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *ISOMETRIC exercise
KW  - *BONE densitometry
KW  - *BONE resorption
KW  - *BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - *NUTRITION
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - BONE LOSS
KW  - BONE TURNOVER MARKERS
KW  - SPACE FLIGHT
KW  - VITAMIN D
KW  - WEIGHTLESSNESS
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Rodríguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Glacial paleoenvironments on Mars revealed by the paucity of hydrated silicates in the Noachian crust of the Northern Lowlands
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 70
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 126
EP  - 133
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Hydrated silicates occur widespread in thousands of locations in the Martian Noachian-aged southern highlands. If an ocean existed on the northern lowlands of Mars during the Noachian, phyllosilicates are likewise expected to be present in the primeval crust of the Martian plains, since on Earth they are common products of continental fluvial transportation and oceanic sedimentation. Here we analyze data from spaceborne imaging spectrometers searching for Noachian Mg/Al-phyllosilicates in 198 impact craters in the northern lowlands of Mars, as impact-excavated materials have already been demonstrated as qualifying samples of preexisting subsurface deposits. Our results indicate that only 15 impact craters in the Martian lowlands show evidence of excavated Mg/Al-phyllosilicates (<10%, consistent with previous estimates). We have also analyzed 88 craters in the highlands region located between −1000 and −3000m, and in this case the number of craters showing excavated Mg/Al-phyllosilicates was 64 (>70%). Therefore, hydrated silicates form a mineralogical dichotomy noticeable in the ancient Noachian crust on a global scale. This is indicative of little or no significant fluvial transportation of phyllosilicate-rich, southern highland materials into the northern basins. But the Noachian phyllosilicate-rich terrains in the southern highlands are heavily dissected by ∼80,000 valley networks, revealing sustained surface runoff expected to be efficient at remobilizing sediments into the northern plains. The presence of widespread ice masses rimming cold glacial Noachian oceans is a plausible explanation for the lack of large-scale phyllosilicate minerals in the primeval basement of the lowlands of Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Phyllosilicates
KW  - Silicates
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Crust
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars ocean
KW  - Northern lowlands
N1  - Accession Number: 78280177; Fairén, Alberto G. 1,2; Email Address: alberto.g.fairen@nasa.gov; Davila, Alfonso F. 1,2; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 3; Rodríguez, J. Alexis P. 4; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 N Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA; 4: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Issue Info: Sep2012, Vol. 70 Issue 1, p126; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Phyllosilicates; Subject Term: Silicates; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Crust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Northern lowlands; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=78280177&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leifer, Ira
AU  - Lehr, William J.
AU  - Simecek-Beatty, Debra
AU  - Bradley, Eliza
AU  - Clark, Roger
AU  - Dennison, Philip
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Matheson, Scott
AU  - Jones, Cathleen E.
AU  - Holt, Benjamin
AU  - Reif, Molly
AU  - Roberts, Dar A.
AU  - Svejkovsky, Jan
AU  - Swayze, Gregg
AU  - Wozencraft, Jennifer
T1  - State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 209
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The vast and persistent Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill challenged response capabilities, which required accurate, quantitative oil assessment at synoptic and operational scales. Although experienced observers are a spill response''s mainstay, few trained observers and confounding factors including weather, oil emulsification, and scene illumination geometry present challenges. DWH spill and impact monitoring was aided by extensive airborne and spaceborne passive and active remote sensing. Oil slick thickness and oil-to-water emulsion ratios are key spill response parameters for containment/cleanup and were derived quantitatively for thick (>0.1mm) slicks from AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) data using a spectral library approach based on the shape and depth of near infrared spectral absorption features. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite, visible-spectrum broadband data of surface-slick modulation of sunglint reflection allowed extrapolation to the total slick. A multispectral expert system used a neural network approach to provide Rapid Response thickness class maps. Airborne and satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides synoptic data under all-sky conditions; however, SAR generally cannot discriminate thick (>100μm) oil slicks from thin sheens (to 0.1μm). The UAVSAR''s (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR) significantly greater signal-to-noise ratio and finer spatial resolution allowed successful pattern discrimination related to a combination of oil slick thickness, fractional surface coverage, and emulsification. In situ burning and smoke plumes were studied with AVIRIS and corroborated spaceborne CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) observations of combustion aerosols. CALIPSO and bathymetry lidar data documented shallow subsurface oil, although ancillary data were required for confirmation. Airborne hyperspectral, thermal infrared data have nighttime and overcast collection advantages and were collected as well as MODIS thermal data. However, interpretation challenges and a lack of Rapid Response Products prevented significant use. Rapid Response Products were key to response utilization—data needs are time critical; thus, a high technological readiness level is critical to operational use of remote sensing products. DWH''s experience demonstrated that development and operationalization of new spill response remote sensing tools must precede the next major oil spill. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Combustion
KW  - BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010
KW  - Quantitative research
KW  - Near infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Neural networks (Computer science)
KW  - Airborne remote sensing
KW  - AVIRIS
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Deepwater Horizon
KW  - Expert system
KW  - False positives
KW  - Fire
KW  - Hyperspectral
KW  - Laser fluorescence
KW  - Lidar
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Multispectral
KW  - Near infrared
KW  - Oil slick thickness
KW  - Oil spill
KW  - Oil water emulsions
KW  - Operational readiness
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Spill response
KW  - Synthetic aperture radar
KW  - Technology readiness
KW  - Thermal infrared
KW  - UAVSAR
KW  - Visible spectrum
N1  - Accession Number: 78340020; Leifer, Ira 1; Email Address: Ira.Leifer@bubbleology.com; Lehr, William J. 2; Simecek-Beatty, Debra 2; Bradley, Eliza 3; Clark, Roger 4; Dennison, Philip 5; Hu, Yongxiang 6; Matheson, Scott 5; Jones, Cathleen E. 7; Holt, Benjamin 7; Reif, Molly 8; Roberts, Dar A. 3; Svejkovsky, Jan 9; Swayze, Gregg 4; Wozencraft, Jennifer 8; Affiliations: 1: Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; 2: NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, Seattle, WA, United States; 3: Geography Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States; 4: US Geological Survey, Denver, United States; 5: Department of Geography and Center for Natural and Technological Hazards, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; 7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; 8: US Army Corp of Engineers, Kiln MS, United States; 9: Ocean Imaging Corporation, Solana Beach, CA, United States; Issue Info: Sep2012, Vol. 124, p185; Thesaurus Term: Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010; Subject Term: Quantitative research; Subject Term: Near infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Neural networks (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVIRIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deepwater Horizon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expert system; Author-Supplied Keyword: False positives; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multispectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil slick thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil spill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil water emulsions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operational readiness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spill response; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synthetic aperture radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technology readiness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: UAVSAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visible spectrum; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=78340020&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Corp, Lawrence A.
AU  - Dandois, Jonathan
AU  - Kustas, William P.
T1  - The photochemical reflectance index from directional cornfield reflectances: Observations and simulations
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 453
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The two-layer Markov chain Analytical Canopy Reflectance Model (ACRM) was linked with in situ hyperspectral leaf optical properties to simulate the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) for a corn crop canopy at three different growth stages. This is an extended study after a successful demonstration of PRI simulations for a cornfield previously conducted at an early vegetative growth stage. Consistent with previous in situ studies, sunlit leaves exhibited lower PRI values than shaded leaves. Since sunlit (shaded) foliage dominates the canopy in the reflectance hotspot (coldspot), the canopy PRI derived from field hyperspectral observations displayed sensitivity to both view zenith angle and relative azimuth angle at all growth stages. Consequently, sunlit and shaded canopy sectors were most differentiated when viewed along the azimuth matching the solar principal plane. These directional PRI responses associated with sunlit/shaded foliage were successfully reproduced by the ACRM. As before, the simulated PRI values from the current study were closer to in situ values when both sunlit and shaded leaves were utilized as model input data in a two-layer mode, instead of a one-layer mode with sunlit leaves only. Model performance as judged by correlation between in situ and simulated values was strongest for the mature corn crop (r=0.87, RMSE=0.0048), followed by the early vegetative stage (r=0.78; RMSE=0.0051) and the early senescent stage (r=0.65; RMSE=0.0104). Since the benefit of including shaded leaves in the scheme varied across different growth stages, a further analysis was conducted to investigate how variable fractions of sunlit/shaded leaves affect the canopy PRI values expected for a cornfield, with implications for remote sensing monitoring options. Simulations of the sunlit to shaded canopy ratio near 50/50±10 (e.g., 60/40) matching field observations at all growth stages were examined. Our results suggest the importance of the sunlit/shaded fraction and canopy structure in understanding and interpreting PRI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Forest canopies
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Specular reflectance
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Markov processes
KW  - Zenith distance
KW  - Cornfield
KW  - Hyperspectral
KW  - Photochemical reflectance index (PRI)
KW  - Two-layer Analytical Canopy Reflectance Model (ACRM)
N1  - Accession Number: 78340044; Cheng, Yen-Ben 1; Email Address: Yen-Ben.Cheng@nasa.gov; Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Zhang, Qingyuan 3; Corp, Lawrence A. 4; Dandois, Jonathan 5; Kustas, William P. 6; Affiliations: 1: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., Laurel, MD 20707, USA; 2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Unversities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA; 4: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA; 5: Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; 6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Issue Info: Sep2012, Vol. 124, p444; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Forest canopies; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Specular reflectance; Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject Term: Markov processes; Subject Term: Zenith distance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cornfield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemical reflectance index (PRI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-layer Analytical Canopy Reflectance Model (ACRM); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=78340044&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104378116
T1  - Reliability and validity of panoramic ultrasound for muscle quantification.
AU  - Scott JM
AU  - Martin DS
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder R
AU  - Caine T
AU  - Matz T
AU  - Arzeno NM
AU  - Buxton R
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder L
Y1  - 2012/09//
N1  - Accession Number: 104378116. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130201. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. Special Interest: Diagnostic Imaging. NLM UID: 0410553. 
KW  - Leg -- Ultrasonography
KW  - Muscle, Skeletal -- Ultrasonography
KW  - Adult
KW  - Bed Rest
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Image Processing, Computer Assisted
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
KW  - Male
KW  - Reference Values
KW  - Reproducibility of Results
SP  - 1656
EP  - 1661
JO  - Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
JF  - Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
JA  - ULTRASOUND MED BIOL
VL  - 38
IS  - 9
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Elsevier Science
SN  - 0301-5629
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA. jessica.m.scott@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 22749820.
DO  - 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.04.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wennberg, Paul O.
AU  - Mui, Wilton
AU  - Wunch, Debra
AU  - Kort, Eric A.
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Atlas, Elliot L.
AU  - Santoni, Gregory W.
AU  - Wofsy, Steven C.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Seongeun Jeong
AU  - Fischer, Marc L.
T1  - On The Sources of Methane to the Los Angeles Atmosphere.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2012/09/04/
VL  - 46
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 9282
EP  - 9289
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We use historical and new atmospheric trace gas observations to refine the estimated source of methane (CH4) emitted into California's South Coast Air Basin (the larger Los Angeles metropolitan region). Referenced to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) CO emissions inventory, total CH4 emissions are 0.44 ± 0.15 Tg each year. To investigate the possible contribution of fossil fuel emissions, we use ambient air observations of methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and carbon monoxide (CO), together with measured C2H6 to CH4 enhancement ratios in the Los Angeles natural gas supply. The observed atmospheric C2H6 to CH4 ratio during the ARCTAS (2008) and CalNex (2010) aircraft campaigns is similar to the ratio of these gases in the natural gas supplied to the basin during both these campaigns. Thus, at the upper limit (assuming that the only major source of atmospheric C2H6 is fugitive emissions from the natural gas infrastructure) these data are consistent with the attribution of most (0.39 ± 0.15 Tg yr-1) of the excess CH4 in the basin to uncombusted losses from the natural gas system (approximately 2.5-6% of natural gas delivered to basin customers). However, there are other sources of C2H6 in the region. In particular, emissions of C2H6 (and CH4) from natural gas seeps as well as those associated with petroleum production, both of which are poorly known, will reduce the inferred contribution of the natural gas infrastructure to the total CH4 emissions, potentially significantly. This study highlights both the value and challenges associated with the use of ethane as a tracer for fugitive emissions from the natural gas production and distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Air pollution -- Research
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Methane
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Natural gas -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Gas industry -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Los Angeles (Calif.) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Los Angeles (Calif.)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 79907704; Wennberg, Paul O. 1,2; Email Address: wennberg@caltech.edu; Mui, Wilton 1; Wunch, Debra 2; Kort, Eric A. 3; Blake, Donald R. 4; Atlas, Elliot L. 5; Santoni, Gregory W. 6; Wofsy, Steven C. 6; Diskin, Glenn S. 7; Seongeun Jeong 8; Fischer, Marc L. 8; Affiliations: 1: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States; 2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States; 3: Keck Institute for Space Studies, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States; 4: School of Physical Sciences, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States; 5: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States; 6: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02318, United States; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States; 8: Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States; Issue Info: 9/4/2012, Vol. 46 Issue 17, p9282; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Research; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Methane; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Natural gas -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Gas industry -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Los Angeles (Calif.) -- Environmental conditions; Subject: Los Angeles (Calif.); Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221210 Natural Gas Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es301138y
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=79907704&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhenhong Yu
AU  - Hemdon, Scott C.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Timko, Michael T.
AU  - Liscinsky, David S.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard C.
T1  - Identification of Lubrication Oil in the Particulate Matter Emissions from Engine Exhaust of In-Service Commercial Aircraft.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2012/09/04/
VL  - 46
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 9630
EP  - 9637
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Lubrication oil was identified in the organic particulate matter (PM) emissions of engine exhaust plumes from in-service commercial aircraft at Chicago Midway Airport (MDW) and O'Hare International Airport (ORD). This is the first field study focused on aircraft lubrication oil emissions, and all of the observed plumes described in this work were due to near-idle engine operations. The identification was carried out with an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF AMS) via a collaborative laboratory and field investigation. A characteristic mass marker of lubrication oil, I(85)/I(71), the ratio of ion fragment intensity between m/z = 85 and 71, was used to distinguish lubrication oil from jet engine combustion products. This AMS marker was based on ion fragmentation patterns measured using electron impact ionization for two brands of widely used lubrication oil in a laboratory study. The AMS measurements of exhaust plumes from commercial aircraft in this airport field study reveal that lubrication oil is commonly present in organic PM emissions that are associated with emitted soot particles, unlike the purely oil droplets observed at the lubrication system vent. The characteristic oil marker, I(85)/I(71), was applied to quantitatively determine the contribution from lubrication oil in measured aircraft plumes, which ranges from 5% to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Airplanes -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Air analysis
KW  - Aircraft exhaust emissions
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Lubricating oils
KW  - Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 79907746; Zhenhong Yu 1; Email Address: zyu@aerodyne.com; Hemdon, Scott C. 1; Ziemba, Luke D. 2; Timko, Michael T. 1; Liscinsky, David S. 3; Anderson, Bruce E. 2; Miake-Lye, Richard C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States; 3: United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, United States; Issue Info: 9/4/2012, Vol. 46 Issue 17, p9630; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Airplanes -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Air analysis; Subject Term: Aircraft exhaust emissions; Subject Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Lubricating oils; Subject Term: Time-of-flight mass spectrometry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324190 Other petroleum and coal product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es301692t
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=79907746&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Federal Advisory Committees.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/09/04/
VL  - 77
IS  - 171
M3  - Article
SP  - 53920
EP  - 53921
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article informs that the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has announced its annual invitation for public nominations for service on NASA Federal advisory committees (FAC). It informs that U.S. citizens may nominate individuals to fill the vacancies for the potential members of NASA's FAC. It presents NASA's five chartered FAC including NASA Advisory Council, Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel and International Space Station Advisory Panel.
KW  - JOB vacancies
KW  - CITIZENS
KW  - NOMINATIONS for office
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel
N1  - Accession Number: 79962524; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 9/4/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 171, p53920; Thesaurus Term: JOB vacancies; Subject Term: CITIZENS; Subject Term: NOMINATIONS for office; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burch, Susan M.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Earth Science Subcommittee; Applied Sciences Advisory Group Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/09/11/
VL  - 77
IS  - 176
M3  - Article
SP  - 55863
EP  - 55863
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a notice issued by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) regarding the meeting of its Applied Science Advisory Group to be held in Washington DC on October 9-10, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 80146737; Burch, Susan M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Acting, Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 9/11/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 176, p55863; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Amy G.
AU  - Neurauter, Joseph A.
AU  - McNally, William P.
T1  - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular 2005-61; Introduction.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/09/13/
VL  - 77
IS  - 178
M3  - Article
SP  - 56738
EP  - 56738
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a notice issued by the U.S. Department of Defense on the summarization of rules of the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR). It presents a list of rules in Federal Acquisition Circular (FAC) 2005-61 including United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement, Bid Protest and Appeal Authorities and Technical Amendments. It further informs that the FAC including the Small Entity Compliance Guide (SECG) is available on the website www.regulations.gov.
KW  - WEBSITES
KW  - COMMERCIAL treaties
KW  - ADMINISTRATIVE procedure
KW  - LEGAL advertising
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Defense
N1  - Accession Number: 80147003; Williams, Amy G. 1; Neurauter, Joseph A. 2; McNally, William P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Acting Deputy Director, Defense, Procurement and Acquisition Policy; 2: Senior Procurement Executive/Deputy CAO, Office of Acquisition Policy, U.S. General Services Administration; 3: Assistant Administrator for Procurement, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 9/13/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 178, p56738; Thesaurus Term: WEBSITES; Thesaurus Term: COMMERCIAL treaties; Thesaurus Term: ADMINISTRATIVE procedure; Thesaurus Term: LEGAL advertising; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Defense; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gantt, B.
AU  - Johnson, M. S.
AU  - Meskhidze, N.
AU  - Sciare, J.
AU  - Ovadnevaite, J.
AU  - Ceburnis, D.
AU  - O'Dowd, C. D.
T1  - Model evaluation of marine primary organic aerosol emission schemes.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 8553
EP  - 8566
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - In this study, several marine primary organic aerosol (POA) emission schemes have been evaluated using the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model in order to provide guidance for their implementation in air quality and climate models. These emission schemes, based on varying dependencies of chlorophyll a concentration ([chl a]) and 10 m wind speed (U10), have large differences in their magnitude, spatial distribution, and seasonality. Model comparison with weekly and monthly mean values of the organic aerosol mass concentration at two coastal sites shows that the source function exclusively related to [chl a] does a better job replicating surface observations. Sensitivity simulations in which the negative U10 and positive [chl a] dependence of the organic mass fraction of sea spray aerosol are enhanced show improved prediction of the seasonality of the marine POA concentrations. A top-down estimate of submicron marine POA emissions based on the parameterization that compares best to the observed weekly and monthly mean values of marine organic aerosol surface concentrations has a global average emission rate of 6.3 Tg yr-1. Evaluation of existing marine POA source functions against a case study during which marine POA contributed the major fraction of submicron aerosol mass shows that none of the existing parameterizations are able to reproduce the hourly-averaged observations. Our calculations suggest that in order to capture episodic events and short-term variability in submicron marine POA concentration over the ocean, new source functions need to be developed that are grounded in the physical processes unique to the organic fraction of sea spray aerosol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Marine ecology
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Geophysics -- Observations
N1  - Accession Number: 82501086; Gantt, B. 1; Johnson, M. S. 1,2; Meskhidze, N. 1; Email Address: nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu; Sciare, J. 3; Ovadnevaite, J. 4; Ceburnis, D. 4; O'Dowd, C. D. 4; Affiliations: 1: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; 4: School of Physics and Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 18, p8553; Thesaurus Term: Marine ecology; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject Term: Geophysics -- Observations; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-12-8553-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Earth Science Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/09/20/
VL  - 77
IS  - 183
M3  - Article
SP  - 58412
EP  - 58413
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on the meeting of the Advisory Council of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to be held in Washington, D.C. on October 10, 2012.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 80734230; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 9/20/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 183, p58412; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration -- Congresses; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Haghighipour, Nader
AU  - MacQueen, Phillip J.
AU  - Mazeh, Tsevi
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto
AU  - Short, Donald R.
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Doyle, Laurance R.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
T1  - Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multiplanet System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/09/21/
VL  - 337
IS  - 6101
M3  - Article
SP  - 1511
EP  - 1514
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We report the detection of Kepler-47, a system consisting of two planets orbiting around an eclipsing pair of stars. The inner and outer planets have radii 3.0 and 4.6 times that of Earth, respectively. The binary star consists of a Sun-like star and a companion roughly one-third its size, orbiting each other every 7.45 days. With an orbital period of 49.5 days, 18 transits of the inner planet have been observed, allowing a detailed characterization of its orbit and those of the stars. The outer planet's orbital period is 303.2 days, and although the planet is not Earth-like, it resides within the classical "habitable zone," where liquid water could exist on an Earth-like planet. With its two known planets, Kepler-47 establishes that close binary stars can host complete planetary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Space vehicles research
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Detection
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Orbits
KW  - Astronomical transits
KW  - Binary stars
N1  - Accession Number: 82366771; Orosz, Jerome A. 1; Email Address: orosz@sciences.sdsu.edu; Welsh, William F. 1; Carter, Joshua A. 2; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3; Cochran, William D. 4; Endl, Michael 4; Ford, Eric B. 5; Haghighipour, Nader 6; MacQueen, Phillip J. 4; Mazeh, Tsevi 7; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto 8; Short, Donald R.; Torres, Guillermo 2; Agol, Eric 9; Buchhave, Lars A. 10,11; Doyle, Laurance R. 12; Isaacson, Howard 13; Lissauer, Jack J. 14; Marcy, Geoffrey W. 13; Shporer, Avi 15,16,17; Affiliations: 1: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; 2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 4: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, IX 78712-0259, USA; 5: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; 6: Institute for Astronomy and NASA Astrobiology Institute University of Hawaii-Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 7: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; 8: Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 9: Department of Astronomy, BOX 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 10: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 11: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Ø ster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; 12: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 13: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 14: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 15: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA; 16: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; 17: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Issue Info: 9/21/2012, Vol. 337 Issue 6101, p1511; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Space vehicles research; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Detection; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Orbits; Subject Term: Astronomical transits; Subject Term: Binary stars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1228380
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Aeronautics Committee; Unmanned Aircraft Systems Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/09/25/
VL  - 77
IS  - 186
M3  - Article
SP  - 59020
EP  - 59021
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a notice issued by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) regarding the Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Subcommittee meeting to be held on October 16, 2012 in Washington D.C.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82196360; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 9/25/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 186, p59020; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scarnato, B.
AU  - Vahidinia, S.
AU  - Richard, D. T.
AU  - Kirchstetter, T. W.
T1  - Effects of internal mixing and aggregate morphology on optical properties of black carbon using a discrete dipole approximation model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 26401
EP  - 26434
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - According to recent studies, internal mixing of black carbon (BC) with other aerosol materials in the atmosphere alters its aggregate shape, absorption of solar radiation, and radiative forcing. These mixing state effects are not yet fully understood. In this study, we characterize the morphology and mixing state of bare BC and BC internally mixed with sodium chloride (NaCl) using electron microscopy and examine the sensitivity of optical properties to BC mixing state and aggregate morphology using a discrete dipole approximation model (DDSCAT). DDSCAT predicts a higher mass absorption coefficient, lower single scattering albedo (SSA), and higher absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) for bare BC aggregates that are lacy rather than compact. Predicted values of SSA at 550 nm range between 0.18 and 0.27 for lacy and compact aggregates, respectively, in agreement with reported experimental values of 0.25±0.05. The variation in absorption with wavelength does not adhere precisely to a power law relationship over the 200 to 1000 nm range. Consequently, AAE values depend on the wavelength region over which they are computed. In the 300 to 550 nm range, AAE values ranged in this study from 0.70 for compact to 0.95 for lacy aggregates. The SSA of BC internally mixed with NaCl (100-300 nm in radius) is higher than for bare BC and increases with the embedding in the NaCl. Internally mixed BC SSA values decrease in the 200-400 nm wavelength range, a feature also common to the optical properties of dust and organics. Linear polarization features are also predicted in DDSCAT and are dependent on particle morphology. The bare BC (with a radius of 80 nm) presents in the linear polarization a bell shape feature, which is a characteristic of the Rayleigh regime (for particles smaller than the wavelength of incident radiation). When BC is internally mixed with NaCl (100-300 nm in radius), strong depolarization features for near-VIS incident radiation are evident, such as a decrease in the intensity and multiple modes at different angles corresponding to different mixing states. DDSCAT, being flexible on the geometry and refractive index of the particle, can be used to study the effect of mixing state and complex morphology on optical properties of realistic BC aggregates. This study shows that DDSCAT predicts morphology and mixing state dependent optical properties that have been reported previously and are relevant to radiative transfer and climate modeling and interpretation of remote sensing measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Mixing
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Carbon-black -- Optical properties
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Dipole moments
N1  - Accession Number: 83301589; Scarnato, B. 1,2,3; Email Address: barbara.v.scarnato@nasa.gov; Vahidinia, S. 4; Richard, D. T. 5; Kirchstetter, T. W. 6,7; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 3: Dept. of Meteorology, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943, USA; 4: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 5: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; 6: Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 7: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p26401; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Subject Term: Mixing; Subject Term: Electron microscopy; Subject Term: Carbon-black -- Optical properties; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Dipole moments; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-26401-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, J.
AU  - Park, S.
AU  - Zeng, J.
AU  - Yang, K.
AU  - Carn, S.
AU  - Krotkov, N.
AU  - Omar, A. H.
T1  - Modeling of 2008 Kasatochi volcanic sulfate direct radiative forcing: assimilation of OMI SO2 plume height data and comparison with MODIS and CALIOP observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 26435
EP  - 26475
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Volcanic SO2 column amount and injection height retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with the Extended Iterative Spectral Fitting (EISF) technique are used to initialize a global chemistry transport model (GEOS-Chem) to simulate the atmospheric transport and lifecycle of volcanic SO2 and sulfate aerosol from the 2008 Kasatochi eruption, and to subsequently estimate the direct shortwave, top-of-the- atmosphere radiative forcing of the volcanic sulfate aerosol. Analysis shows that the integrated use of OMI SO2 plume height in GEOS-Chem yields: (a) good agreement of the temporal evolution of 3-D volcanic sulfate distributions between model simulations and satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP), and (b) a e-folding time for volcanic SO2 that is consistent with OMI measurements, reflecting SO2 oxidation in the upper troposphere and stratosphere is reliably represented in the model However, a consistent (~25%) low bias is found in the GEOS-Chem simulated SO2 burden, and is likely due to a high (~20%) bias of cloud liquid water amount (as compared to the MODIS cloud product) and the resultant stronger SO2 oxidation in the GEOS meteorological data during the first week after eruption when part of SO2 underwent aqueous-phase oxidation in clouds. Radiative transfer calculations show that the forcing by Kasatochi volcanic sulfate aerosol becomes negligible 6months after the eruption, but its global average over the first month is -1.3Wm-2 with the majority of the forcing-influenced region located north of 20° N, and with daily peak values up to -2Wm-2 on days 16-17. Sensitivity experiments show that every 2 km decrease of SO2 injection height in the GEOS-Chem simulations will result in a ~25% decrease in volcanic sulfate forcing; similar sensitivity but opposite sign also holds for a 0.03 µm increase of geometric radius of the volcanic aerosol particles. Both sensitivities highlight the need to characterize the SO2 plume height and aerosol particle size from space. While more research efforts are warranted, this study is among the first to assimilate both satellite-based SO2 plume height and amount into a chemical transport model for an improved simulation of volcanic SO2 and sulfate transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Volcanology
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Sulfates -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 83301590; Wang, J. 1; Email Address: jwang7@unl.edu; Park, S. 1; Zeng, J. 1; Yang, K. 2,3; Carn, S. 4; Krotkov, N. 3; Omar, A. H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA; 2: Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Lincoln, NE, USA; 3: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA; 5: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p26435; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Volcanology; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Sulfates -- Environmental aspects; Number of Pages: 41p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-26435-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baustian, K. J.
AU  - Wise, M. E.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Schill, G. P.
AU  - Freedman, M. A.
AU  - Tolbert, M. A.
T1  - State transformations and ice nucleation in glassy or (semi-)solid amorphous organic aerosol.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 27333
EP  - 27366
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Glassy or amorphous (semi-)solid organic aerosol particles have the potential to serve as surfaces for heterogeneous ice nucleation in cirrus clouds. Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy have been used in conjunction with a cold stage to examine water uptake and ice nucleation on individual aqueous organic glass particles at atmospherically relevant temperatures (200-273 K). Three organic compounds considered proxies for atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were used in this investigation: sucrose, citric acid and glucose. Internally mixed particles consisting of each organic species and ammonium sulfate were also investigated. Results from water uptake experiments were used to construct glass transition curves and state diagrams for each organic and corresponding mixture. A unique glass transition point on each state diagram, Tg' , was used to quantify and compare results from this study to previous works. Values of Tg' determined for aqueous sucrose, glucose and citric acid glasses were 236 K, 230 K and 220 K, respectively. Values of Tg' for internally mixed organic/sulfate particles were always significantly lower; 210 K, 207 K and 215 K for sucrose/sulfate, glucose/sulfate and citric acid/sulfate, respectively. All investigated organic species were observed to serve as heterogeneous ice nuclei at tropospheric temperatures. Heterogeneous ice nucleation on pure organic particles occurred at Sice = 1.1-1.4 for temperatures between 235 K and 200 K. Particles consisting of 1 : 1 organic-sulfate mixtures remained liquid over a greater range of conditions but were in some cases also observed to depositionally nucleate ice at temperatures below 202 K (Sice = 1.25-1.38). Glass transition curves constructed from experimental data were incorporated into the Community Aerosol Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) along with the predicted range of glass transition temperatures for atmospheric SOA from Koop et al. (2011). Model results suggest that organic and organic/sulfate aerosol will be glassy more than 60% of the time in the midlatitude upper troposphere and more than 40% of the time in the tropical tropopause region (TTL). At conditions favorable for ice formation (Sice > 1), particles in the TTL are expected to be glassy more than 50% of the time for temperatures below 200 K. Combined with the low saturation ratios measured for ice nucleation, this work suggests heterogeneous ice formation on glassy substances may play an important role in cirrus cloud formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice nuclei
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Glass transition temperature
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 83301612; Baustian, K. J. 1,2,3; Email Address: k.baustian@leeds.ac.uk; Wise, M. E. 1,4; Jensen, E. J. 5; Schill, G. P. 1,6; Freedman, M. A. 7; Tolbert, M. A. 6,7; Affiliations: 1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 3: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 4: College of Theology, Arts and Sciences, Concordia University, Portland, OR, 97211, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 7: Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p27333; Thesaurus Term: Ice nuclei; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Glass transition temperature; Subject Term: Raman spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-27333-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=83301612&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Vernier, J.-P.
T1  - Improved SAGE II cloud/aerosol categorization and observations of the asian tropopause aerosol layer: 1989--2005.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 27521
EP  - 27554
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Observations by CALIPSO have recently been used to identify an aerosol enhancement associated with the Asian Monsoon anticyclone. The Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) is analogous to observed enhancements in long-lived trace gas species like CO. Since the CALIPSO record only begins in 2006, the question of how long this aerosol feature has been present requires a new look at the long-lived SAGE II data sets despite significant hurdles to its use in the subtropical upper troposphere. We found that a new and more robust method for identifying and eliminating cloud effects from the SAGE II data set was required and, herein, we describe a cloud identification method that appears to capture cloud/aerosol events more effectively than early methods. In addition, we summarize additional challenges to observing the ATAL layer using SAGE II observations. Finally, we perform analyses of the upper troposphere, focusing on periods in which the UTLS is relatively free of volcanic material (1989-1990 and after 1996). We find that there is no evidence of ATAL in the SAGE II data prior to 1998. After 1998, it is clear that aerosol in the upper troposphere in the ATAL region is substantially enhanced relative to the period before that time. In addition, the data generally supports the presence of the ATAL layer beginning in 1999 and continuing through the end of the mission though some years (e.g. 2003) are complicated by the presence of episodic enhancements most likely of volcanic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Anticyclones
KW  - Atmospheric carbon monoxide
KW  - Meteorological observations
N1  - Accession Number: 83301617; Thomason, L. W. 1; Email Address: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov; Vernier, J.-P. 2; Email Address: jeanpaul.vernier@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p27521; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Thesaurus Term: Anticyclones; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon monoxide; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-27521-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=83301617&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matsuoka, A.
AU  - Hooker, S. B.
AU  - Bricaud, A.
AU  - Gentili, B.
AU  - Babin, M.
T1  - Estimating absorption coefficients of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) using a semi-analytical algorithm for Southern Beaufort Sea (Canadian Arctic) waters: application to deriving concentrations of dissolved organic carbon from space.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 9
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 13743
EP  - 13771
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - A series of papers have suggested that freshwater discharge, including a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM), has increased since the middle of the 20th century. In this study, a semi-analytical algorithm for estimating light absorption coefficients of the colored fraction of DOM (CDOM) was developed for Southern Beaufort Sea waters using remote sensing reflectance at six wavelengths in the visible spectral domain corresponding to MODIS ocean color sensor. This algorithm allows to separate colored detrital matter (CDM) into CDOM and non-algal particles (NAP) by determining NAP absorption using an empirical relationship between NAP absorption and particle backscattering coefficients. Evaluation using independent datasets, that were not used for developing the algorithm, showed that CDOM absorption can be estimated accurately to within an uncertainty of 35% and 50% for oceanic and turbid waters, respectively. In situ measurements showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were tightly correlated with CDOM absorption (r² = 0.97). By combining the CDOM absorption algorithm together with the DOC versus CDOM relationship, it is now possible to estimate DOC concentrations in the near-surface layer of the Southern Beaufort Sea using satellite ocean color data. DOC concentrations in the surface waters were estimated using MODIS ocean color data, and the estimates showed reasonable values compared to in situ measurements. We propose a routine and near real-time method for deriving DOC concentrations from space, which may open the way to an estimate of DOC budgets for Arctic coastal waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Water -- Organic compound content
KW  - Carbon compounds
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Beaufort Sea
N1  - Accession Number: 83302036; Matsuoka, A. 1,2,3; Email Address: atsushi.matsuoka@takuvik.ulaval.ca; Hooker, S. B. 4; Bricaud, A. 1,2; Gentili, B. 1,2; Babin, M. 3; Affiliations: 1: CNRS/INSU Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) - UMR7093, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6); 2: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), B.P. 08, Port de la Darse, Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, 06230, France; 3: Takuvik Joint International Laboratory Université Laval (Canada) - CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Universit´e Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Local 2078, G1V 0A6, Canada; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 616.2, Bldg. 28 Rm. W120D, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p13743; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Organic compound content; Thesaurus Term: Carbon compounds; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject: Beaufort Sea; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-9-13743-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=83302036&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FISHMAN, J.
AU  - IRACI, L. T.
AU  - AL-SAADI, J.
AU  - CHANCE, K.
AU  - CHAVEZ, F.
AU  - CHIN, M.
AU  - COBLE, P.
AU  - DAVIS, C.
AU  - DIGIACOMO, P. M.
AU  - EDWARDS, D.
AU  - ELDERING, A.
AU  - GOES, J.
AU  - HERMAN, J.
AU  - HU, C.
AU  - JACOB, D. J.
AU  - JORDAN, C.
AU  - KAWA, S. R.
AU  - KEY, R.
AU  - LIU, X.
AU  - LOHRENZ, S.
T1  - THE UNITED STATES' NEXT GENERATION OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MEASUREMENTS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 93
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1547
EP  - 1566
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission was recommended by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Earth Science Decadal Survey to measure tropospheric trace gases and aerosols and coastal ocean phytoplankton, water quality, and biogeochemistry from geostationary orbit, providing continuous observations within the field of view. To fulfill the mandate and address the challenge put forth by the NRC, two GEO-CAPE Science Working Groups (SWGs), representing the atmospheric composition and ocean color disciplines, have developed realistic science objectives using input drawn from several community workshops. The GEO-CAPE mission will take advantage of this revolutionary advance in temporal frequency for both of these disciplines. Multiple observations per day are required to explore the physical, chemical, and dynamical processes that determine tropospheric composition and air quality over spatial scales ranging from urban to continental, and over temporal scales ranging from diurnal to seasonal. Likewise, high-frequency satellite observations are critical to studying and quantifying biological, chemical, and physical processes within the coastal ocean. These observations are to be achieved from a vantage point near 95°-100°W, providing a complete view of North America as well as the adjacent oceans. The SWGs have also endorsed the concept of phased implementation using commercial satellites to reduce mission risk and cost. GEO-CAPE will join the global constellation of geostationary atmospheric chemistry and coastal ocean color sensors planned to be in orbit in the 2020 time frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Gases
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - United States
KW  - National Research Council (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 82581360; FISHMAN, J. 1; Email Address: jfishma2@slu.edu; IRACI, L. T. 2; AL-SAADI, J. 3,4; CHANCE, K. 5; CHAVEZ, F. 6; CHIN, M. 7; COBLE, P. 8; DAVIS, C. 9; DIGIACOMO, P. M. 10; EDWARDS, D. 11; ELDERING, A. 12; GOES, J. 13; HERMAN, J. 7; HU, C. 8; JACOB, D. J. 14; JORDAN, C. 15; KAWA, S. R. 7; KEY, R. 12; LIU, X. 5; LOHRENZ, S. 16; Affiliations: 1: Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 3: NASA, Washington, D.C.; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 6: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 8: University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; 9: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; 10: NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Camp Springs, Maryland; 11: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 12: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 13: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York; 14: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 15: University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire; 16: University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; Issue Info: Oct2012, Vol. 93 Issue 10, p1547; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Gases; Thesaurus Term: Phytoplankton; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: National Research Council (U.S.); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00201.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karnani, S.
AU  - Dunn-Rankin, D.
AU  - Takahashi, F.
AU  - Yuan, Z.-G.
AU  - Stocker, D.
T1  - Simulating Gravity in Microgravity Combustion Using Electric Fields.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2012/10//Oct/Nov2012
VL  - 184
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1891
EP  - 1902
SN  - 00102202
AB  - A small number of intermediate reactions during the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels produces chemi-ions. When acted upon by an electric field, the resulting ion-driven wind modifies the flame by producing a complex coupling that can affect flame shape, soot formation, and stability limits. Nearly all work to date involving electric fields and combustion has been performed under the influence of gravity, which produces a similar and potentially confounding influence. The following work compares the effect of an electric field on a jet flame in 1 g and µg. All tests are performed at the NASA Glenn 2.2-s Drop Tower. Testing shows that microgravity flames can be manipulated to resemble 1 g flames by using an electric field alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - High voltages
KW  - FUEL
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Electric fields
KW  - Combustion kinetics
KW  - Jet planes
KW  - Electric field
KW  - Flame structure
KW  - High voltage
KW  - Methane flames
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 83140322; Karnani, S. 1; Dunn-Rankin, D. 1; Email Address: ddunnran@uci.edu; Takahashi, F. 2; Yuan, Z.-G. 2; Stocker, D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; 2: National Center for Space Exploration Research on Fluids and Combustion, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Oct/Nov2012, Vol. 184 Issue 10/11, p1891; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: High voltages; Thesaurus Term: FUEL; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Electric fields; Subject Term: Combustion kinetics; Subject Term: Jet planes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: High voltage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102202.2012.694740
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Fermi's Paradox and the End of the Universe.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 55
IS  - 10
M3  - Short Story
SP  - 112
EP  - 112
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The short story "Fermi's Paradox and the End of the Universe" by Geoffrey A. Landis is presented.
KW  - LANDIS, Geoffrey A.
KW  - FERMI'S Paradox & the End of the Universe (Short story)
N1  - Accession Number: 82153097; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Scientist, NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Issue Info: Oct2012, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p112; Reviews & Products: FERMI'S Paradox & the End of the Universe (Short story); People: LANDIS, Geoffrey A.; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Short Story
L3  - 10.1145/2347736.2347760
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kohlman, Lee W.
AU  - Bail, Justin L.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Salem, Jonathan A.
AU  - Martin, Richard E.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - A notched coupon approach for tensile testing of braided composites
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 43
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1680
EP  - 1688
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: A notched coupon geometry was evaluated as a method for tensile testing of 2D triaxial braid composites. Edge initiated shear failure has been observed in transverse tension tests using straight-sided coupons based on ASTM D3039. The notched coupon was designed to reduce the effects of edge initiated failure and produce the desired tensile failure. A limited set of tests were performed with partial pressurization of tubes to determine the transverse tensile strength in the absence of edge initiated failure. The transverse strength measured with the notched coupons was considerably higher than the straight-sided coupons, comparable to the tube results, and closer to the maximum possible strength based on maximum fiber strain. Further investigations of the effects of the observed biaxial stress state and stress concentrations in the notched geometry are needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TESTING
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - NOTCHED bar testing
KW  - A. Fabrics/textiles
KW  - A. Polymer–matrix composites
KW  - B. Strength
KW  - D. Mechanical testing
N1  - Accession Number: 79562694; Kohlman, Lee W. 1,2; Email Address: lee.w.kohlman@nasa.gov; Bail, Justin L. 3; Roberts, Gary D. 2; Salem, Jonathan A. 2; Martin, Richard E. 4; Binienda, Wieslaw K. 1; Affiliations: 1: The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; 3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States; 4: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Issue Info: Oct2012, Vol. 43 Issue 10, p1680; Thesaurus Term: TESTING; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: TENSILE strength; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: NOTCHED bar testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Fabrics/textiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer–matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Mechanical testing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.12.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xia, Zhenhai
AU  - Sujidkul, Thanyawalai
AU  - Niu, Jianbing
AU  - Smith, Craig E.
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
T1  - Modeling of electromechanical behavior of woven SiC/SiC composites
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 43
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1730
EP  - 1737
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: A coupled electro-mechanical model was developed to predict the mechanical behavior of woven SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites and electrical resistance response to mechanical damages in the composites. The matrix is explicitly included in the model such that the matrix cracking and fiber break can be linked to the electrical resistance change during loading. The results show that the electrical resistance increases linearly with an increase of matrix crack density and the number of fiber breaks. The predictions are compared to the experimental results on 2D woven SiC/SiC ceramic composites. With proper materials parameters input, the models can accurately predict the stress–strain curve and electrical resistance change during the loading. The model is further compared to an analytical solution of electromechanical coupling to get an insight into the electrical–mechanical interaction mechanisms in the composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - A. Ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs)
KW  - B. Electrical properties
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - C. Computational modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 79562699; Xia, Zhenhai 1,2; Email Address: Zhenhai.Xia@unt.edu; Sujidkul, Thanyawalai 3; Niu, Jianbing 1,2; Smith, Craig E. 4; Morscher, Gregory N. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; 4: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Ceramics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Oct2012, Vol. 43 Issue 10, p1730; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Electrical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Computational modeling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.03.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Himberg, Henry
AU  - Motai, Yuichi
AU  - Bradley, Arthur
T1  - Interpolation Volume Calibration: A Multisensor Calibration Technique for Electromagnetic Trackers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
PY  - 2012/10//
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 28
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1120
EP  - 1130
SN  - 15523098
AB  - AC electromagnetic trackers are well suited for head tracking but are adversely affected by conductive and ferromagnetic materials. Tracking performance can be improved by mapping the tracking volume to produce coefficients that correct position and orientation (PnO) measurements caused by stationary distorting materials. The mapping process is expensive and time consuming, requiring complicated high-precision equipment to provide registration of the measurements to the source reference frame. In this study, we develop a new approach to mapping that provides registration of mapping measurements without precision equipment. Our method, i.e., the interpolation volume calibration system, uses two simple fixtures, each with multiple sensors in a rigid geometry, to determine sensor PnO in a distorted environment without mechanical measurements or other tracking technologies. We test our method in a distorted tracking environment, constructing a lookup table of the magnetic field that is used as the basis for distortion compensation. The new method compares favorably with the traditional approach providing a significant reduction in cost and effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERPOLATION
KW  - MAGNETIC devices
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - QUATERNIONS
KW  - COST control
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 82706518; Source Information: Oct2012, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p1120; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; Subject Term: MAGNETIC devices; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: QUATERNIONS; Subject Term: COST control; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TRO.2012.2198929
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=82706518&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pohorille, A.
AU  - Pratt, L.
T1  - Is Water the Universal Solvent for Life?
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 405
EP  - 409
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The article discusses whether water is the universal solvent for life. The basic strategy in searching for life in the universe is follow the water. The universality of water as the solvent for living systems is commonly justified by arguing that water supports the rich organic chemistry that seeds life.
KW  - Solvents
KW  - Life
KW  - Water
KW  - Living systems theory
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Hydrophilic interactions
KW  - Hydrophobic effect
KW  - Non-covalent interactions
KW  - Self-organization
N1  - Accession Number: 84088231; Pohorille, A. 1; Email Address: Andrew.Pohorille@nasa.gov; Pratt, L. 2; Email Address: lpratt@tulane.edu; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; 2: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans 70118 USA; Issue Info: Oct2012, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p405; Thesaurus Term: Solvents; Thesaurus Term: Life; Thesaurus Term: Water; Thesaurus Term: Living systems theory; Thesaurus Term: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrophilic interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrophobic effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-covalent interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-012-9301-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
T1  - Processes that Drove the Transition from Chemistry to Biology: Concepts and Evidence.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
EP  - 432
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The article discusses the concepts and evidence of the processes that drove the transition from chemistry to biology. Biological systems own a number of efforts to define life. Among them two have received specific attention, one is replication and its coupling to natural selection, the other is the formation of catalytic networks and metabolism.
KW  - Chemistry
KW  - Biology
KW  - Natural selection
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Metabolism
KW  - Ancestral proteins
KW  - Early evolution of proteins
KW  - Ion channels
KW  - Origin of metabolism
KW  - Origin of protein function
KW  - Protocells
N1  - Accession Number: 84088223; Pohorille, Andrew 1; Email Address: Andrew.Pohorille@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Oct2012, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p429; Thesaurus Term: Chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Biology; Thesaurus Term: Natural selection; Thesaurus Term: Physical sciences; Subject Term: Metabolism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ancestral proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Early evolution of proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of metabolism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of protein function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protocells; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-012-9304-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Khare, B.N.
AU  - Amin, R.
AU  - Klasson, M.
AU  - Kral, T.A.
T1  - Possible sources for methane and C2–C5 organics in the plume of Enceladus
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We consider six possible sources of CH4 and other lowmass (C2–C5) organics in the plume of Enceladus: three of these sources represent initial endowments of organics: cometary organics, Titan-like tholin, and the Fisher–Tropsch type reactions in the gases from which Enceladus formed. The other three sources represent processes inside Enceladus: water–rock reactions, microbiology, and thermogenesis. We report on new laboratory results for C2 hydrocarbons released by thermogenesis of laboratory tholin and the Fisher–Tropsch type synthesis. Thermal processing of Titan-like tholin produced ratios of CH4/C2H4 and CH4/C2H6 of about two for temperatures up to 450°C and about six for a temperature of 650°C. The low pressure (∼1atm) Fisher–Tropsch type experiments produced CH4/C2H4 of ∼1.5, similar to previous results. C2H2 was not produced by either process. Tests of gas production by four strains of methanogens confirmed the absence of any detectable production of non-methane hydrocarbons. Cometary endowment, the Fisher–Tropsch type synthesis, and Titan-like tholin incorporation could be primary inputs of organics and subsequent thermal processing of any of these all are possible sources of low mass organics in the plume. Biological production and water–rock reactions are an alternative source of CH4. Aqueous reactions with CO and H2 can produce C2–C5 organics even at the low pressures of the interior of Enceladus. If there is a confirmed detection of CO and C2H2 in the plume of Enceladus, this provides an important constraint on sources, as we have identified no process, other than the initial volatile component of cometary organics, which can supply these gases. Precise determination of the relative concentrations of C1–C5 hydrocarbons may provide additional constraints on sources, but a detailed isotopic analysis of C and H in these organics and a search for amino acids constitute the next important steps in resolving the sources of the organics in Enceladus'' plume. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Enceladus (Satellite)
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Thermal analysis
KW  - Acetylene
KW  - Enceladus
KW  - Organics
KW  - Plume
N1  - Accession Number: 79806504; McKay, C.P. 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Khare, B.N. 1; Amin, R. 1,2; Klasson, M. 1,2; Kral, T.A. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 2: Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; 3: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States; Issue Info: Oct2012, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p73; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Enceladus (Satellite); Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Thermal analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acetylene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enceladus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plume; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.07.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=79806504&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Tianshu
AU  - Burner, Alpheus W.
AU  - Jones, Thomas W.
AU  - Barrows, Danny A.
T1  - Photogrammetric techniques for aerospace applications
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2012/10//
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 54
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 58
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: Photogrammetric techniques have been used for measuring the important physical quantities in both ground and flight testing including aeroelastic deformation, attitude, position, shape and dynamics of objects such as wind tunnel models, flight vehicles, rotating blades and large space structures. The distinct advantage of photogrammetric measurement is that it is a non-contact, global measurement technique. Although the general principles of photogrammetry are well known particularly in topographic and aerial survey, photogrammetric techniques require special adaptation for aerospace applications. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic summary of photogrammetric techniques for aerospace applications based on diverse sources. It is useful mainly for aerospace engineers who want to use photogrammetric techniques, but it also gives a general introduction for photogrammetrists and computer vision scientists to new applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - PHOTOGRAMMETRY
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERIAL surveys
N1  - Accession Number: 79481400; Source Information: Oct2012, Vol. 54, p1; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAMMETRY; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERIAL surveys; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 58p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2012.03.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=79481400&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - English, Teresa G.
AU  - Simpson, James R.
AU  - Landman, Drew
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - An Efficient Split-Plot Approach for Modeling Nonlinear Aerodynamic Effects.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2012/10//Oct-Dec2012
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 522
EP  - 530
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08982112
AB  - An everyday challenge faced by experimenters across a variety of scientific disciplines is performing well-designed experiments in the presence of characteristics that pose restrictions on complete randomization of the experimental parameters. To mitigate these restrictions on complete randomization, a split-plot experimental design methodology can be employed. The current level of sophistication in split-plot designs is now sufficient to meet the demands of higher-order models in a manner straightforward enough for practitioners. A novel case of a second-order split-plot application was recently implemented in the field of aerodynamic engineering in wind tunnel testing. Wind tunnel environments often pose restrictions on complete randomization of the test runs when aircraft physical configuration changes are required. In addition, aerodynamic empirical models require second-order effects to fit the curvature often observed in response models. Traditionally, wind tunnel testing is performed using a one-factor-at-a-time approach, which prevents capturing factor interactions and quantifying system uncertainty. This article presents a case in which a micro air vehicle (MAV) was tested in the presence of randomization restrictions with expected second-order effects utilizing an efficient design of experiments (DOE) split-plot approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Quality Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - RANDOMIZATION (Statistics)
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - AERODYNAMIC measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 80232262; English, Teresa G. 1; Email Address: teresa.english@eglin.af.mil; Simpson, James R. 2; Landman, Drew 3; Parker, Peter A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Munitions Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Eglin AFB, Eglin, Florida; 2: Test Management, Air Force Research Laboratory, Eglin AFB, Eglin, Florida; 3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Oct-Dec2012, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p522; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: RANDOMIZATION (Statistics); Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC measurements; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2012.710164
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=80232262&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Dunlap, Kate1
T1  - Small Business and the Public Library: Strategies for a Successful Partnership.
JO  - Technical Services Quarterly
JF  - Technical Services Quarterly
J1  - Technical Services Quarterly
PY  - 2012/10//
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
CP  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 356
EP  - 358
SN  - 07317131
AB  - The article reviews the book "Small Business and the Public Library: Strategies for a Successful Partnership," by Luise Weiss, Sophia Serlis-McPhillips and Elizabeth Malafi.
KW  - Public libraries
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Weiss, Luise
KW  - Serlis-McPhillips, Sophia
KW  - Malafi, Elizabeth
KW  - Small Business & the Public Library: Strategies for a Successful Partnership (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 80140009; Authors: Dunlap, Kate 1; Affiliations:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Subject: Small Business & the Public Library: Strategies for a Successful Partnership (Book); Subject: Weiss, Luise; Subject: Serlis-McPhillips, Sophia; Subject: Malafi, Elizabeth; Subject: Public libraries; Subject: Nonfiction; Number of Pages: 3p; Record Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1080/07317131.2012.705763
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lls&AN=80140009&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lls
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burch, Susan M.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Aeronautics Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/10/09/
VL  - 77
IS  - 195
M3  - Article
SP  - 61432
EP  - 61432
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article informs about a meeting organized by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration to be held on October 25-26, 2012 at Cleveland, Ohio.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - CLEVELAND (Ohio)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82578490; Burch, Susan M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Acting Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/9/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 195, p61432; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject: CLEVELAND (Ohio) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - Meeting of Astrophysics Subcommittee of the NASA Advisory Council Science Committee.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/10/15/
VL  - 77
IS  - 199
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 62536
EP  - 62536
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a teleconference and WebEx of the Astrophysics Subcommittee of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council (NAC) Science Committee to be held on November 6, 2012 organized by the NASA.
KW  - TELECONFERENCING
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Congresses
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82831623; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Issue Info: 10/15/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 199, p62536; Thesaurus Term: TELECONFERENCING; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Congresses ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561499 All Other Business Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Technology and Innovation Committee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/10/22/
VL  - 77
IS  - 204
M3  - Article
SP  - 64561
EP  - 64561
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on a meeting of the Technology and Innovation Committee of the NASA Advisory Council (NAC)to be held on November 15, 2012 at the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington D.C. organized by the NASA.
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 83094948; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 10/22/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 204, p64561; Thesaurus Term: MEETINGS; Subject: WASHINGTON (D.C.) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, J. L.
AU  - Raut, J.-C.
AU  - Law, K. S.
AU  - Marelle, L.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Ravetta, F.
AU  - Fast, J. D.
AU  - Pfister, G.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Roiger, A.
AU  - Schlager, H.
T1  - Pollution transport towards the Arctic during summer 2008.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 12
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 29705
EP  - 29761
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Ozone pollution transported to the Arctic is a significant concern because of the rapid, enhanced warming in high northern latitudes, which is caused, in part, by short-lived climate forcers, such as ozone. Long-range transport of pollution contributes to background and episodic ozone levels in the Arctic. However, the extent to which plumes are photochemically active during transport, particularly during the summer, is still uncertain. In this study, regional chemical transport model simulations are used to examine photochemical production of ozone in air masses originating from boreal fire and anthropogenic emissions over North America and during their transport toward the Arctic during early July 2008. Model results are evaluated using POLARCAT aircraft data collected over boreal fire source regions in Canada (ARCTAS-B) and several days downwind over Greenland (POLARCAT-France and POLARCAT-GRACE) during the study period. Model results are generally in good agreement with the observations, except for certain trace gas species over boreal fire regions, in some cases indicating that the fire emissions are too low. Anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution (BB) from North America was rapidly uplifted during transport east and north to Greenland where pollution plumes were observed in the mid- and upper-troposphere during POLARCAT. A model sensitivity study shows that CO levels are in better agreement with POLARCAT measurements (fresh and aged fire plumes) upon doubling CO emissions from fires. Analysis of model results, using ΔO3/Δ CO enhancement ratios, shows that pollution plumes formed ozone during transport towards the Arctic. Fresh anthropogenic plumes have average ΔO3/Δ CO enhancement ratios of 0.28 increasing to 0.99 for aged anthropogenic plumes, indicating additional ozone production during aging. Fresh fire plumes are only slightly enhanced in ozone (ΔO3/ΔCO =0.11), but form ozone downwind with ΔO3/Δ CO of 0.50 for aged BB plumes. We estimate that aged anthropogenic and BB pollution together made an important contribution to ozone levels with an average contribution for latitudes > 55° N of up to 6.5ppbv (18%) from anthropogenic pollution and 3 ppbv (5.2 %) from fire pollution in the model domain in summer 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84018208; Thomas, J. L. 1; Email Address: jennie.thomas@latmos.ipsl.fr; Raut, J.-C. 1; Law, K. S. 1; Marelle, L. 1; Ancellet, G. 1; Ravetta, F. 1; Fast, J. D. 2; Pfister, G. 3; Emmons, L. K. 3; Diskin, G. S. 4; Weinheimer, A. 3; Roiger, A. 5; Schlager, H. 5; Affiliations: 1: UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Universite Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, UMR 8190, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Institut fur Physik der Atmosphare, Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 11, p29705; Number of Pages: 68p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 20 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-29705-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 60
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3345
EP  - 3346
SN  - 00189480
AB  - Summary form only given, as follows. This TRANSACTIONS has been successful in reviewing approximately 100 papers per month and reducing the average submission to online posting of accepted papers time to 27 weeks. This would not be possible without the help of the reviewers and the Associate Editors. The Associate Editors obtain reviews of the papers and provide me with their guidance on the acceptance or rejection of papers. This often requires them to review the paper themselves, and considering that the Associate Editor handles approximately ten papers per month, you can imagine the heavy work load that they carry for the good of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S) and the microwave engineering profession. With this editorial, I am sad to announce the retirement of two Associate Editors. Prof. Wendy Van Moer, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, has provided excellent service to the IEEE MTT-S for the past two years, but she must retire to spend more time with her university position. Prof. John Papapolymerou must also retire as an Associate Editor, but John is retiring because he has accepted the position of Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS. I have valued his work as an Associate Editor for me for six years, and I wish him success in his new role and service that he will be providing to the IEEE MTT-S. Of course, I cannot continue without Associate Editors, and I am pleased to announce the appointment of two Associate Editors. Dr. Tzyy-Sheng Horng, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and Dr. Roberto G??mez-Garc??a, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. They have already been hard at work for four months and I already am very thankful that they accepted my invitation to serve the IEEE MTT-S. Their biographies are included in this editorial so you can learn more about them. Finally, if you see Wendy, John, Tzyy-Sheng, Roberto, or any of the other Associate Editors of this TRANSACTIONS, please thank them for their service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDITORS
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - EDITORIALS
KW  - ONLINE algorithms
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - BIOGRAPHIES
N1  - Accession Number: 83369267; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Nov2012, Vol. 60 Issue 11, p3345; Thesaurus Term: EDITORS; Thesaurus Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: EDITORIALS; Subject Term: ONLINE algorithms; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: BIOGRAPHIES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 519110 News Syndicates; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2216811
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=83369267&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patterson, Chad E.
AU  - Khan, Wasif Tanveer
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - May, Gary S.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - A 60-GHz Active Receiving Switched-Beam Antenna Array With Integrated Butler Matrix and GaAs Amplifiers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 60
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3599
EP  - 3607
SN  - 00189480
AB  - This paper presents for the first time a 60-GHz receiving switched-beam antenna on organic liquid crystal polymer (LCP) platform. A 4\,\times\,1 quasi-Yagi array is incorporated with a 4\,\times\,4 Butler matrix beamforming network and GaAs low-noise amplifiers on an LCP substrate. The active beam is controlled by GaAs single-pole-double-throw switches to access the four output states of the Butler matrix. The entire 4\,\times\,1 active array is 1.4 cm \,\times\,1.75 cm and consumes 1.1 W of dc power. Successful comparisons of the measured and simulated results verify a working phased array with a return loss better than 10 dB across the frequency band of 56.7–63.7 GHz. A comparison of radiation patterns demonstrate beam steering of \pm\40^\circ with a peak active gain of 27.5 dB. The combined antenna and receiver noise performance at 60 GHz exhibits an estimated merit G/T of -18.6 dB/K and noise figure of 5.4 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO receiving apparatus
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - DIRECT currents
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - BEAMFORMING
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Arrays
KW  - Butler matrix
KW  - Dipole antennas
KW  - Gallium arsenide
KW  - integrated circuit (IC) packaging
KW  - liquid crystal polymer (LCP)
KW  - Microstrip
KW  - phased arrays
KW  - Radio frequency
KW  - receiving antennas
KW  - Switches
N1  - Accession Number: 83369247; Patterson, Chad E. 1; Khan, Wasif Tanveer 1; Ponchak, George E. 2; May, Gary S. 1; Papapolymerou, John 1; Affiliations: 1: School of ECE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Nov2012, Vol. 60 Issue 11, p3599; Subject Term: RADIO receiving apparatus; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: DIRECT currents; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Subject Term: BEAMFORMING; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Butler matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipole antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gallium arsenide; Author-Supplied Keyword: integrated circuit (IC) packaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: liquid crystal polymer (LCP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstrip; Author-Supplied Keyword: phased arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: receiving antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Switches; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414210 Home entertainment equipment merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2213834
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=83369247&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vicroy, Dan D.
AU  - Loeser, Thomas D.
AU  - Schütte, Andreas
T1  - Static and Forced-Oscillation Tests of a Generic Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
Y1  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1558
EP  - 1583
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A series of three wind-tunnel static and forced-oscillation tests were conducted on a model of a generic unmanned combat air vehicle. These tests are part of an international research effort to assess the state of the art of computational fluid dynamics methods to predict the static and dynamic stability and control characteristics. The experimental data set includes not only force and moment time histories, but also surface pressure and offbody particle image velocimetry measurements. The extent of the data precludes a full examination within the scope of this paper. This paper provides a general description and selected examples of the available static and dynamic data, as well as some of the observed trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - REMOTELY piloted vehicles
KW  - DYNAMIC stability (Mechanics)
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
N1  - Accession Number: 84520346; Source Information: Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1558; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: REMOTELY piloted vehicles; Subject Term: DYNAMIC stability (Mechanics); Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 26p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031501
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frink, Neal T.
AU  - Tormalm, Magnus
AU  - Schmidt, Stefan
T1  - Three Unstructured Computational Fluid Dynamics Studies on Generic Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
Y1  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1619
EP  - 1637
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Three independent studies from the United States (NASA), Sweden (Swedish Defense Research Agency), and Australia (Defense Science and Technology Organization) are analyzed to assess the state of current unstructured grid computational fluid dynamic tools and practices for predicting the complex static and dynamic aerodynamic and stability characteristics of a generic 53-deg swept, round-leading-edge uninhabited combat air vehicle configuration, called SACCON (which stands for "stability and control configuration"). NASA exercised the USM3D tetrahedral cell-centered flow solver, while the Swedish Defense Research Agency and the Defense Science and Technology Organization applied the Swedish Defense Research Agency/EDGE general-cell vertex-based solver. The authors primarily employ the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes assumption, with a limited assessment of the EDGE detached eddy simulation extension, to explore sensitivities to grids and turbulence models. Correlations with experimental data are provided for force and moments, surface pressure, and off-body flow measurements. The vortical flowfield over SACCON proved extremely difficult to model adequately. As a general rule, the prospect of obtaining reasonable correlations of SACCON pitching moment characteristics with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation is not promising, even for static cases. However, dynamic pitch oscillation results seem to produce a promising characterization of shapes for the lift and pitching moment hysteresis curves. Future studies of this configuration should include more investigation with higher-fidelity turbulence models such as detached eddy simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - REMOTELY piloted vehicles
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 84520350; Source Information: Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1619; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: REMOTELY piloted vehicles; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 19p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031383
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84520350&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
T1  - Flight Test Maneuvers for Efficient Aerodynamic Modeling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
Y1  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1857
EP  - 1867
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Novel flight test maneuvers for efficient aerodynamic modeling were developed and demonstrated in flight. Orthogonal optimized multisine inputs were applied to aircraft control surfaces to excite aircraft dynamic response in all six degrees of freedom simultaneously, while keeping the aircraft close to chosen reference flight conditions. Each maneuver was designed for a specific modeling task that cannot be adequately or efficiently accomplished using conventional flight test maneuvers. The maneuvers are described and explained, then demonstrated on a subscale jet transport aircraft in flight. Real-time and post-flight modeling results from equation-error parameter estimation in the frequency domain were used to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the maneuvers, as well as the quality of the aerodynamic models that can be identified from the resultant flight data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MILITARY maneuvers
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - JET transports
N1  - Accession Number: 84520370; Source Information: Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1857; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MILITARY maneuvers; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: JET transports; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031699
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104427133
T1  - Intermediate catheter injections in closed segments during acute stroke intervention: a cautionary note.
AU  - Hui, Ferdinand K.
AU  - Yim, John
AU  - Spiotta, Alejandro M.
AU  - Hussain, M. Shazam
AU  - Toth, Gabor
Y1  - 2012/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 104427133. Language: English. Entry Date: 20121018. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; case study; diagnostic images; pictorial; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101517079. 
KW  - Stroke -- Surgery
KW  - Catheters -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Aged
KW  - Aged, 80 and Over
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
JO  - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
JF  - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
JA  - J NEUROINTERVENT SURG
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
SN  - 1759-8478
AD  - Cleveland Clinic, Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
AD  - NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
AD  - Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
AD  - CCF, Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
U2  - PMID: 22234947.
DO  - 10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moncada, Albert M
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A
AU  - Arnold, Steven M
T1  - Micromechanics-based progressive failure analysis of composite laminates using different constituent failure theories.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2012/11//11/1/2012
VL  - 31
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 1467
EP  - 1487
AB  - Predicting failure in a composite can be performed using ply level mechanisms and/or micro level mechanisms. This paper uses the generalized method of cells and high-fidelity generalized method of cells micromechanics theories, coupled with classical lamination theory, to study progressive damage in composites. Different failure theories, implemented at the fiber and matrix constituent level within a laminate, are investigated. A comparison is made among maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Hill, and Tsai-Wu failure theories. To verify the failure theories, the Worldwide Failure Exercise experiments are used. The Worldwide Failure Exercise is a comprehensive study that covers a wide range of polymer matrix composite laminates. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the current predictive capabilities of the generalized method of cells and high-fidelity generalized method of cells micromechanics theories for the progressive failure prediction of polymer matrix composite laminates and to evaluate the influence of four failure criteria applied at the fiber/matrix constituent scale. The numerical results demonstrate overall agreement with the experimental results for most of the composite layups examined, but also point to the need for more accurate resin damage progression models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MECHANICAL failures
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - GUMS & resins
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - composite material
KW  - failure
KW  - Micromechanics
KW  - Worldwide Failure Exercise
N1  - Accession Number: 83256283; Moncada, Albert M 1; Email Address: amoncada@asu.edu; Chattopadhyay, Aditi 1; Bednarcyk, Brett A 2; Arnold, Steven M 2; Source Information: 11/1/2012, Vol. 31 Issue 21, p1467; Subject: MICROMECHANICS; Subject: LAMINATED materials; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MECHANICAL failures; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject: GUMS & resins; Subject: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite material; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Worldwide Failure Exercise; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7983
L3  - 10.1177/0731684412456330
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
T1  - Net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2009.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2012/11/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 365
EP  - 378
SN  - 01650009
AB  - The CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford) ecosystem model has been used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2009, with global data inputs from NASA's Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation cover mapping. Net primary production (NPP) flux for atmospheric carbon dioxide has varied slightly from year-to-year, but was predicted to have increased over short multi-year periods in the regions of the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, South Asia, Central Africa, and the western Amazon since the year 2000. These CASA results for global NPP were found to be in contrast to other recently published modeling trends for terrestrial NPP with high sensitivity to regional drying patterns. Nonetheless, periodic declines in regional NPP were predicted by CASA for the southern and western Untied States, the southern Amazon, and southern and eastern Africa. NPP in tropical forest zones was examined in greater detail to discover lower annual production values than previously reported in many global models across the tropical rainforest zones, likely due to the enhanced detection of lower production ecosystems replacing primary rainforest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Ground vegetation cover
KW  - Vegetation mapping
KW  - Rain forests
KW  - Northern Hemisphere
KW  - South Asia
KW  - Africa, Central
N1  - Accession Number: 82504120; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Klooster, Steven 2; Genovese, Vanessa 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; 2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside USA; Issue Info: Nov2012, Vol. 115 Issue 2, p365; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Ground vegetation cover; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation mapping; Thesaurus Term: Rain forests; Subject: Northern Hemisphere; Subject: South Asia; Subject: Africa, Central; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10584-012-0460-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Human head–neck computational model for assessing blast injury
AU  - Roberts, J.C.
AU  - Harrigan, T.P.
AU  - Ward, E.E.
AU  - Taylor, T.M.
AU  - Annett, M.S.
AU  - Merkle, A.C.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanics
JF  - Journal of Biomechanics
Y1  - 2012/11/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 16
SP  - 2899
EP  - 2906
SN  - 00219290
N1  - Accession Number: 83164347; Author: Roberts, J.C.: 1 email: jack.roberts@jhuapl.edu. Author: Harrigan, T.P.: 1 Author: Ward, E.E.: 1 Author: Taylor, T.M.: 1 Author: Annett, M.S.: 2 Author: Merkle, A.C.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, 10020 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA: 2 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20121129
N2  - Abstract: A human head finite element model (HHFEM) was developed to study the effects of a blast to the head. To study both the kinetic and kinematic effects of a blast wave, the HHFEM was attached to a finite element model of a Hybrid III ATD neck. A physical human head surrogate model (HSHM) was developed from solid model files of the HHFEM, which was then attached to a physical Hybrid III ATD neck and exposed to shock tube overpressures. This allowed direct comparison between the HSHM and HHFEM. To develop the temporal and spatial pressures on the HHFEM that would simulate loading to the HSHM, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the HHFEM in front of a shock tube was generated. CFD simulations were made using loads equivalent to those seen in experimental studies of the HSHM for shock tube driver pressures of 517, 690 and 862kPa. Using the selected brain material properties, the peak intracranial pressures, temporal and spatial histories of relative brain–skull displacements and the peak relative brain–skull displacements in the brain of the HHFEM compared favorably with results from the HSHM. The HSHM sensors measured the rotations of local areas of the brain as well as displacements, and the rotations of the sensors in the sagittal plane of the HSHM were, in general, correctly predicted from the HHFEM. Peak intracranial pressures were between 70 and 120kPa, while the peak relative brain–skull displacements were between 0.5 and 3.0mm. Copyright &y& Elsevier
KW  - *HEAD injuries
KW  - *NECK -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - BLAST injuries
KW  - SHOCK tubes
KW  - INTRACRANIAL pressure
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - Blast
KW  - Brain injury
KW  - Finite element models (FEM)
KW  - Human models
KW  - Surrogate models
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - Notice of Establishment of a NASA Federal Advisory Committee; Applied Sciences Advisory Committee.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/11/26/
VL  - 77
IS  - 227
M3  - Article
SP  - 70482
EP  - 70482
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article informs about a notice issued by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The notice informs about the establishment of Applied Sciences Advisory Committee (ASAC) as a Federal advisory committee with the support of the U.S. General Services Administration (GSA) pursuant to the U.S. Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA). The ASAC will provide forum for the broad discussions on the Earth science applications and Applied Sciences's role outside NASA.
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - UNITED States. Federal Advisory Committee
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - FORUMS (Discussion & debate)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. General Services Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 84346044; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 11/26/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 227, p70482; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: UNITED States. Federal Advisory Committee; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: FORUMS (Discussion & debate); Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. General Services Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gazarik, Michael J.
T1  - Centennial Challenges 2013 Sample Return Robot Challenge.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2012/11/27/
VL  - 77
IS  - 228
M3  - Article
SP  - 70835
EP  - 70835
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article announces the centennial challenge 2013 Sample Return Robot Challenge to be held on June 4-7, 2013 in Maryland organized by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
KW  - CENTENNIALS
KW  - MARYLAND
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 84346182; Gazarik, Michael J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Director, Space Technology Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 11/27/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 228, p70835; Subject Term: CENTENNIALS; Subject: MARYLAND ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Noh, Y. M.
AU  - Lee, H.
AU  - Mueller, D.
AU  - Lee, K.
AU  - Shin, D.
AU  - Shin, S.
AU  - Choi, T. J.
AU  - Choi, Y. J.
AU  - Kim, K. R.
T1  - Investigation of diurnal patterns in vertical distributions of pollen in the lower troposphere using LIDAR technique.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 31187
EP  - 31204
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The diurnal patterns in pollen vertical distributions in the lower troposphere were investigated by the LIDAR remote sensing technique. Meteorological and pollen concentration data was measured at the surface using a Burkard 7 day recording volumetric spore sampler. An aerosol extinction coefficient and depolarization ratio of 532 nm was obtained from LIDAR measurements in spring (4 May-2 June) 2009 in Gwagnju, Korea. Depolarization ratios from 0.08 to 0.14 were observed only in daytime (09:00-17:00 local time (LT)) during high pollen concentration days from 4 to 9 May. Vertical distributions in the depolarization ratio with time showed a specific diurnal pattern. Depolarization ratios, which varied from 0.08 to 0.14, were measured near the surface in the morning. High depolarization ratios were detected even up to 2.0 km between 12:00 and 14:00LT but subsequently were observed only close to the surface after 17:00 LT. Low values of depolarization ratios (≤ 0.05) were detected after 18:00 LT until next morning. During the measurement period, the daily variations in the high depolarization ratios close to the surface showed good agreement with those in surface pollen concentrations, which implies that high depolarization ratios can be attributed to high pollen concentrations. The diurnal characteristics in high values of depolarization ratios were closely associated with turbulent transport, which can be caused by increasing temperature and wind speed and decreasing relative humidity. Continuously measured diurnal and vertical characteristics of pollen data can be further used to enhance the accuracy of the pollen-forecasting model via data assimilation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pollen dispersal
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Diurnal variations in meteorology
KW  - Wind speed
N1  - Accession Number: 84702578; Noh, Y. M. 1; Lee, H. 2; Email Address: hanlimlee10@gmail.com; Mueller, D. 3; Lee, K. 4; Shin, D. 1; Shin, S. 1; Choi, T. J. 5; Choi, Y. J. 6; Kim, K. R. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Republic of Korea; 2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Department of Satellite Geoinformatics Engineering, Kyungil University, Republic of Korea; 5: Korea Polar Research Institute, Republic of Korea; 6: Applied Meteorology Research Lab. National Institute of Meteorological Research; Issue Info: 2012, Vol. 12 Issue 12, p31187; Thesaurus Term: Pollen dispersal; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Diurnal variations in meteorology; Subject Term: Wind speed; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-12-31187-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fereres, Sonia
AU  - Lautenberger, Chris
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
T1  - Understanding ambient pressure effects on piloted ignition through numerical modeling
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 159
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3544
EP  - 3553
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: This work presents a numerical modeling investigation of the mechanisms controlling the dependence on ambient pressure of the piloted ignition of a solid fuel under external radiant heating. The focus is to confirm the hypotheses and phenomenological arguments generated by previous experimental studies of the problem. For this purpose, the effect of ambient pressure on the piloted ignition of thermally irradiated samples of PMMA is modeled using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS5) code. Two-dimensional simulations were performed using finite-rate single-step combustion kinetics in the gas-phase and a single-step Arrhenius reaction rate for the solid phase decomposition. Oxidative pyrolysis is not considered and the in-depth formed pyrolyzate is assumed to flow unrestricted through the PMMA. The objective is to understand the thermo-physical mechanisms leading to ignition and how they may be affected by a reduction in ambient pressure. The model is able to reproduce the main physical aspects of the piloted ignition of a solid fuel and confirms previous phenomenological explanations developed to describe recent experimental results at a range of ambient pressures. Reduced pressure environments result in: (1) shorter ignition times mainly due to reduced convective heat losses from the heated material to the surroundings, allowing for the material to heat more rapidly and pyrolyze faster; (2) a lower fuel mass flux at ignition, due primarily to a thicker thermal boundary layer and a thicker fuel species profile. The appearance of a premixed flame at the pilot, its propagation through the combustible mixture above the solid surface, and the subsequent sustained burning conditions are also explored in this work. The calculated ignition times and mass loss rates at ignition are compared to those measured experimentally in a laboratory-scale combustion wind tunnel. It is shown that with appropriate kinetic parameters the model qualitatively agrees with the experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Heat -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Phenomenological theory (Physics)
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Critical mass flux
KW  - FDS
KW  - Ignition delay
KW  - Piloted ignition
KW  - Reduced pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 82841197; Fereres, Sonia 1; Email Address: sonia.fereres@research.abengoa.com; Lautenberger, Chris 2; Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos 2; Urban, David L. 3; Ruff, Gary A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Abengoa Research, c/Energia Solar 1, Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla, Spain 1; 2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 60A Hesse Hall, Mailstop 1740, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44256, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 159 Issue 12, p3544; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Pyrolysis; Thesaurus Term: Heat -- Radiation & absorption; Thesaurus Term: Pressure; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Phenomenological theory (Physics); Subject Term: Heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical mass flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: FDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ignition delay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piloted ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced pressure; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.08.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=82841197&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Ferkul, Paul V.
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Can cool flames support quasi-steady alkane droplet burning?
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 159
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3583
EP  - 3588
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Experimental observations of anomalous combustion of n-heptane droplets burning in microgravity are reported. Following ignition, a relatively large n-heptane droplet first undergoes radiative extinction, that is, the visible flame ceases to exist because of radiant energy loss. But the droplet continues to experience vigorous vaporization for an extended period according to a quasi-steady droplet-burning law, ending in a secondary extinction at a finite droplet diameter, after which a vapor cloud rapidly appears surrounding the droplet. We hypothesize that the second-stage vaporization is sustained by low-temperature, soot-free, “cool-flame” chemical heat release. Measured droplet burning rates and extinction diameters are used to extract an effective heat release, overall activation energy, and pre-exponential factor for this low-temperature chemistry, and the values of the resulting parameters are found to be closer to those of “cool-flame” overall reaction-rate parameters, found in the literature, than to corresponding hot-flame parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Alkanes
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Flame
KW  - Steady-state flow
KW  - Fire extinction
KW  - Heptane
KW  - Energy dissipation
KW  - Temperature effect
KW  - Alkane chemistry
KW  - Cool flames
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 82841201; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Dietrich, Daniel L. 2; Ferkul, Paul V. 1; Hicks, Michael C. 2; Williams, Forman A. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 159 Issue 12, p3583; Thesaurus Term: Alkanes; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Steady-state flow; Subject Term: Fire extinction; Subject Term: Heptane; Subject Term: Energy dissipation; Subject Term: Temperature effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkane chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cool flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.07.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sasai, Takahiro
AU  - Nakai, Saori
AU  - Setoyama, Yuko
AU  - Ono, Keisuke
AU  - Kato, Soushi
AU  - Mano, Masayoshi
AU  - Murakami, Kazutaka
AU  - Miyata, Akira
AU  - Saigusa, Nobuko
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Nasahara, Kenlo N.
T1  - Analysis of the spatial variation in the net ecosystem production of rice paddy fields using the diagnostic biosphere model, BEAMS
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 247
M3  - Article
SP  - 175
EP  - 189
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Abstract: To realistically understand spatial and temporal variations in the net ecosystem production (NEP) of rice paddies in Japan, we enhanced the existing diagnostic-type biosphere model with the addition of agricultural processes. Validated with a comparison of seasonal and annual variations over 5 years, the NEP estimations bore good agreement with the measurements. In regional-scale analyses, we targeted all rice paddy fields in Japan from January 2001 to December 2009. Before and after the model enhancement, the NEP showed very different spatial variations and absolute values, suggesting that the most effective improvements were the introduction of harvest and soil oxidation–reduction processes. In annual anomaly analyses covering a 9-year period, the NEP was found to be negative in 2003 and 2006 (−0.11 and −0.25TgC/year) and positive in 2004 and 2007 (+0.02 and +0.21TgC/year). We found that the negative values were caused by decreases in solar radiation and air temperature and the positive values were caused by increases in these two parameters and precipitation. In response to the NEP, our obtained harvested grain biomass values in 2003 and 2006 were lower than usual. The results were in good agreement with the results from reports of the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Soil oxidation
KW  - Spatial variation
KW  - Rice -- Japan
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Solar radiation -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Japan
KW  - BEAMS
KW  - Biosphere model
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - NEP
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Rice paddy
N1  - Accession Number: 83654867; Sasai, Takahiro 1; Email Address: sasai@nagoya-u.jp; Nakai, Saori 1; Setoyama, Yuko 1; Ono, Keisuke 2; Kato, Soushi 3; Mano, Masayoshi 2; Murakami, Kazutaka 4; Miyata, Akira 2; Saigusa, Nobuko 3; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 5; Nasahara, Kenlo N. 4; Affiliations: 1: Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; 2: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan; 3: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan; 4: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 247, p175; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: Soil oxidation; Subject Term: Spatial variation; Subject Term: Rice -- Japan; Subject Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Solar radiation -- Environmental aspects; Subject: Japan; Author-Supplied Keyword: BEAMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosphere model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: NEP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rice paddy; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Berry Lyons, W.
AU  - Coates, John D.
AU  - Priscu, John C.
T1  - Perchlorate and chlorate biogeochemistry in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 98
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 30
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: We measured chlorate (ClO3−) and perchlorate (ClO4−) concentrations in ice covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica, to evaluate their role in the ecology and geochemical evolution of the lakes. ClO3− and ClO4− are present throughout the MDV Lakes, streams, and other surface water bodies. ClO3− and ClO4− originate in the atmosphere and are transported to the lakes by surface inflow of glacier melt that has been differentially impacted by interaction with soils and aeolian matter. Concentrations of ClO3− and ClO4− in the lakes and between lakes vary based on both total evaporative concentration, as well as biological activity within each lake. All of the lakes except the East lobe of Lake Bonney support biological reduction of ClO3− and ClO4− either in the anoxic bottom waters or sediment. The younger less saline lakes (Miers and Hoare), have surface ClO3− and ClO4− concentrations, and ratios of ClO3−/Cl− and ClO4−/Cl−, similar to source streams, while Lake Fryxell has concentrations similar to input streams but much lower ClO3−/Cl− and ClO4−/Cl− ratios, reflecting the influence of a large Cl− source in bottom sediments. ClO3− and ClO4− in Lake Bonney are the highest of all the lakes reflecting the lake’s greater age and higher concentration of Cl−. ClO4− appears to be stable in the East Lobe and its concentration is highly correlated with Cl− concentration suggesting that some ClO4− at depth is a remnant of the initial seawater that formed Lake Bonney. ClO3− and ClO4− concentrations provide a simple and sensitive means to evaluate microbial activity in these lakes due to their relatively low concentrations and lack of biological sources, unlike NO3−, NO2−, and SO4−2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Perchlorates
KW  - Glacial lakes
KW  - Bodies of water
KW  - Lake sediments
KW  - Anoxia (Water)
KW  - Chlorates
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 83455728; Jackson, W. Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.jackson@ttu.edu; Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3; Estrada, Nubia 1; Berry Lyons, W. 4; Coates, John D. 5; Priscu, John C. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 95136, USA; 3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043-5203, USA; 4: Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; 5: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 6: Department of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 98, p19; Thesaurus Term: Perchlorates; Thesaurus Term: Glacial lakes; Thesaurus Term: Bodies of water; Thesaurus Term: Lake sediments; Thesaurus Term: Anoxia (Water); Subject Term: Chlorates; Subject Term: Biogeochemistry; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=83455728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Vaidya, Rahul
AU  - More, Vikrant
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Assessment of Accrued Damage and Remaining Useful Life in Leadfree Electronics Subjected to Multiple Thermal Environments of Thermal Aging and Thermal Cycling.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 634
EP  - 649
SN  - 21563950
AB  - Electronic systems are often stored for long periods prior to deployment in the intended environment. Aging has been previously shown to effect the reliability and constitutive behavior of second-level leadfree interconnects. Deployed systems may be subjected to cyclic thermo-mechanical loads subsequent to deployment. Prognostication of accrued damage and assessment of residual life is extremely critical for ultrahigh reliability systems in which the cost of failure is too high. The presented methodology uses leading indicators of failure based on microstructural evolution of damage to identify impending failure in electronic systems subjected to sequential stresses of thermal aging and thermal cycling. The methodology has been demonstrated on area-array ball-grid array test assemblies with Sn3Ag0.5Cu interconnects subjected to thermal aging at 125^\circC and thermal cycling from -55 to 125^\circC for various lengths of time and cycles. Damage equivalency methodologies have been developed to map damage accrued in thermal aging to the reduction in thermo-mechanical cyclic life based on damage proxies. Assemblies have been prognosticated to assess the error with interrogation of system state and assessment of residual life. Prognostic metrics including \alpha-\lambda metric, sample standard deviation, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, average bias, relative accuracy (RA), and cumulative RA have been used to compare the performance of the damage proxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL management (Electronic packaging)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - THERMAL stresses
KW  - SOLDER & soldering
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - Aerospace electronics
KW  - Aging
KW  - Assembly
KW  - Electronic packaging thermal management
KW  - Failure mechanisms
KW  - health management
KW  - leadfree solders
KW  - prognostics
KW  - reliability
KW  - remaining useful life
KW  - Stress
KW  - Thermal stresses
KW  - thermo-mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 74090950; Lall, Pradeep 1; Vaidya, Rahul 1; More, Vikrant 1; Goebel, Kai 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSF Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 2 Issue 4, p634; Thesaurus Term: THERMAL management (Electronic packaging); Thesaurus Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: THERMAL stresses; Subject Term: SOLDER & soldering; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic packaging thermal management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: health management; Author-Supplied Keyword: leadfree solders; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: remaining useful life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermo-mechanics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333992 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TCPMT.2011.2176491
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Lowe, Ryan
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Extended Kalman Filter Models and Resistance Spectroscopy for Prognostication and Health Monitoring of Leadfree Electronics Under Vibration.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 61
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 858
EP  - 871
SN  - 00189529
AB  - A technique has been developed for monitoring the structural damage accrued in ball grid array interconnects during operation in vibration environments. The technique uses resistance spectroscopy based state space vectors, rate of change of the state variable, and acceleration of the state variable in conjunction with extended Kalman filter, and is intended for the pre-failure time-history of the component. Condition monitoring using the presented technique can provide knowledge of impending failure in high reliability applications where the risks associated with loss-of-functionality are too high to bear. The methodology has been demonstrated on 96.5%Sn3.0%Ag0.5%Cu (SAC305) lead-free area-array electronic assemblies subjected to vibration. The future state of the system has been estimated based on a second order extended Kalman filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying interconnect damage using plastic strain. Performance of the prognostication health management algorithm during the vibration test has been quantified using performance evaluation metrics. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data. The presented approach is applicable to functional systems where corner interconnects in area-array packages may be often redundant. Prognostic metrics including \alpha-\lambda metric, beta, and relative accuracy have been used to assess the performance of the damage proxies. The presented approach enables the estimation of residual life based on level of risk averseness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEALTH services administration
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - BALL grid array technology
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Aerospace electronics
KW  - Electrical resistance measurement
KW  - Extended Kalman filter
KW  - Kalman filters
KW  - lead-free solder reliability
KW  - prognostic health management (PHM)
KW  - remaining useful life
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Strain
KW  - vibration
KW  - Vibrations
N1  - Accession Number: 83785478; Lall, Pradeep 1; Lowe, Ryan 1; Goebel, Kai 2; Affiliations: 1: Auburn University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSF Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$</tex></formula>), Auburn, AL, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 61 Issue 4, p858; Thesaurus Term: HEALTH services administration; Thesaurus Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: BALL grid array technology; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical resistance measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extended Kalman filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: lead-free solder reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostic health management (PHM); Author-Supplied Keyword: remaining useful life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2012.2220698
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Gupta, Prashant
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Decorrelated Feature Space and Neural Nets Based Framework for Failure Modes Clustering in Electronics Subjected to Mechanical Shock.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 61
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 884
EP  - 900
SN  - 00189529
AB  - Electronic systems under extreme shock and vibration environments may sustain several failure modes simultaneously. Previous experience indicates that the dominant failure modes experienced by packages in a drop and shock framework are in the solder interconnects including cracks at the package and the board interface, pad cratering, copper trace fatigue, and bulk-failure in the solder joint. In this paper, a method has been presented for failure mode classification using a combination of Karhunen Loéve transform with parity-based stepwise supervised training of a perceptrons. New is the early classification of multiple failure modes in the pre-failure space using supervised neural networks in conjunction with a Karhunen Loéve transform. The feature space has been formed by joint time frequency analysis. Because the cumulative damage may be accrued under repetitive loading with exposure to multiple shock events, the area array assemblies have been exposed to shock and feature vectors constructed to track damage initiation and progression. The error back propagation learning algorithm has been used for stepwise parity of each particular failure mode. The classified failure modes and failure regions belonging to each particular failure mode in the feature space are also validated by simulation of the designed neural network used for parity of feature space. Statistical similarity and validation of different classified dominant failure modes is performed by multivariate analysis of variance and Hotelling's T-square. The results of different classified dominant failure modes are also correlated with the experimental cross sections of the failed test assemblies. The methodology adopted in this paper can perform real-time fault monitoring with identification of a specific dominant failure mode, and is scalable to system level reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - MEDICAL care
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - ELECTRIC shock
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - SUPERVISED learning (Machine learning)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - MECHANICAL failures
KW  - Assembly
KW  - Electric shock
KW  - Fault isolation
KW  - feature vectors
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - perceptron
KW  - prognostics health monitoring
KW  - Strain
KW  - supervised learning
KW  - Time frequency analysis
KW  - Vectors
KW  - Vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 83785490; Lall, Pradeep 1; Gupta, Prashant 1; Goebel, Kai 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSF Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$</tex> </formula>), Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 61 Issue 4, p884; Thesaurus Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Thesaurus Term: MEDICAL care; Thesaurus Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRIC shock; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: SUPERVISED learning (Machine learning); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICAL failures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric shock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: feature vectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: perceptron; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: supervised learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time frequency analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vehicles; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2012.2222611
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - TAYLOR, PATRICK C.
T1  - Tropical Outgoing Longwave Radiation and Longwave Cloud Forcing Diurnal Cycles from CERES.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 69
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3652
EP  - 3669
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The diurnal cycle is a fundamental earth system variability driven by daily variations in solar insolation. Understanding diurnal variability is important for characterizing top-of-atmosphere and surface energy budgets. Climatological and seasonal first diurnal cycle harmonics of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and longwave cloud forcing (LWCF) are investigated using the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) synoptic 3-hourly data. A comparison with previous studies indicates generally similar results. However, the results indicate that the CERES OLR diurnal cycle amplitudes are 10%-20% larger in desert regions than previous analyses. This difference results from the temporal interpolation technique over-estimating the daily maximum OLR. OLR diurnal cycle amplitudes in other tropical regions agree with previous work. Results show that the diurnal maximum and minimum OLR variability contributes equally to the total OLR variance over ocean; however, over land the diurnal maximum OLR variance contributes at least 50% more to the total OLR variability than the minimum OLR. The differences in maximum and minimum daily OLR variability are largely due to differences in surface temperature standard deviations at these times, about 5-6 and 3-4 K, respectively. The OLR variance at diurnal maximum and minimum is also influenced by negative and positive correlations, respectively, between LWCF and clear-sky OLR. The anticorrelation between LWCF and clear-sky OLR at diurnal OLR maximum indicates smaller cloud fractions at warmer surface temperatures. The relationship between LWCF and clear-sky OLR at diurnal minimum OLR appears to result from a preference for deep convection, more high clouds, and larger LWCF values to occur with warmer surface temperatures driving a narrower diurnal minimum OLR distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Earth temperature
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Surface energy
KW  - Electromagnetic waves
N1  - Accession Number: 84417744; TAYLOR, PATRICK C. 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 69 Issue 12, p3652; Thesaurus Term: Earth temperature; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Surface energy; Subject Term: Electromagnetic waves; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS-D-12-088.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mahaney, W.C.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Krinsley, D.H.
T1  - Weathering rinds on clasts: Examples from Earth and Mars as short and long term recorders of paleoenvironment
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 73
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 253
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Weathering rinds on clasts of different lithologic species are an underappreciated inventory of paleoenvironmental information and, as recorders of long term exposure to the subaerial atmosphere and in some cases to burial and influx of groundwater followed by exhumation, they provide logged information over varying planetary time spans. Whereas weathered coatings of nanometer thickness have been explored by numerous workers, rinds in cold environments have not received much attention except as relative-age indicators. Rinds in terrestrial materials in certain circumstances may reveal weathering trends over time, snapshots often extending back millions of years and containing weathering zones not unlike horizons in paleosols. Wetting ‘fronts’ in rinds on coarse clastic debris (i.e. boulder, cobble, and pebble grade size material) are similar to wetting ‘depths’ in similar chemically-energized paleosols resident in moraines or mass wasted debris. Even considering erosion along terrestrial clast surfaces, new data reveal variations in primary mineral alteration, development of secondary mineral complexes, embedded pollen, fossil microbes, and various internal distributions of Fe oxides. Similar long-range recorders of paleoenvironment deduced from meteorites analyzed by the Opportunity rover on Meridiani Planum provide evidence of weathering over a ∼Gy time frame in the humid Noachian paleoenvironment of Early Mars followed by subsequent burial and later exhumation. Despite lithological variations between different sets of clasts—terrestrial and Martian—the retention of rinds as paleoweathering recorders over long and short time frames illustrates their value in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Weathering
KW  - Information processing
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Space debris
KW  - Paleogeography
KW  - Paleoenvironmental reconstruction from clast rind alteration
KW  - Simulated ‘wetting fronts’ correlated with paleosols
KW  - Weathering rinds on Earth and Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 83872119; Mahaney, W.C. 1; Email Address: arkose@rogers.com; Fairén, Alberto G. 2,3; Dohm, James M. 4; Krinsley, D.H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Quaternary Surveys, 26 Thornhill Ave., Thornhill, Ontario, Canada, L4J1J4; 2: SETI Institute, 189 N Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 73 Issue 1, p243; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Thesaurus Term: Weathering; Subject Term: Information processing; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Space debris; Subject Term: Paleogeography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction from clast rind alteration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulated ‘wetting fronts’ correlated with paleosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weathering rinds on Earth and Mars; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.08.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - North, David
AU  - Lichtman, Flora
T1  - Higher Power.
JO  - Popular Science
JF  - Popular Science
J1  - Popular Science
PY  - 2012/12//
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 281
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 18
PB  - Bonnier Corporation
SN  - 01617370
AB  - Aerospace engineer David North explains attempts by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to create a wind-energy power generator using a store-bought kite flown at 300 feet whose tethers, controlled by regenerative breaking, turn a motor to generate power.
KW  - WIND power -- Research
KW  - ELECTRIC generators
KW  - KITES
N1  - Accession Number: 85178089; Source Information: Dec2012, Vol. 281 Issue 6, p18; Subject Term: WIND power -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: KITES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 2/3p; ; Document Type: Article; ; Full Text Word Count: 387; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chatfield, Robert B.
AU  - Esswein, Robert F.
T1  - Estimation of surface O3 from lower-troposphere partial-column information: Vertical correlations and covariances in ozonesonde profiles
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2012/12/11/
VL  - 61
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 113
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Analysis of the spatial correlation of ozone mixing ratio in the vertical provides information useful for several purposes: (a) it aids description of the degree of regionality of the ozone transport-transformation processes, (b) the information provided in the form of a priori covariance matrices for remote retrieval algorithms can simplify and sharpen accuracy of the resulting estimates, and most importantly, (c) it allows a first evaluation of the improvement that remote retrievals can give over boundary-layer climatology. Vertical profiles of mean, variance, and vertical autocovariance, and vertical autocorrelation of ozone mixing ratios were estimated and given parameterizations. The WOUDC ozonesonde network database was used. During the years 2004–2006, these were considerably augmented by sondes taken by NASA, NOAA, and Canadian agencies during recent summertime intensive periods in North America. There are large differences across the North American continent in the patterns and magnitudes of correlation, especially in the lowest 2–3 km of the troposphere. This is especially significant for the near-surface layers (100''s of meters deep) which determine actual surface O3 smog exposure and phytotoxicity, since satellite retrievals typically characterize at best a thick layer extending 3 km or more from the surface. The relative variation of O3 decreases in the vertical, particularly for the somewhat polluted launch stations, and this affects inference of surface O3 significantly. We outline a simple synthesis of mixed-layer and ozone-chemistry behavior to aid discussion of this and similar phenomena. Regional differences suggest broad if qualitative explanations in terms of larger-scale (interstate-transport) and local-scale phenomena (lake and sea breezes, degree/frequency of subsidence), inviting future study. The character of near-surface-to-full-layer covariance suggests that remote retrieval can describe surface ozone surprisingly well using 0–3 km partial-column ozone… for many situations. This indicates that there is substantial utility for new remote-retrieval methods that exploit ozone absorption in multiple wavelength regions, e.g., UV + Vis, UV + IR, or UV + Vis + IR. In summary, we find considerable value in interpreting retrievable O3 columns to estimate O3 quantities that are closely relevant to air pollution mitigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Phytotoxicity
KW  - Atmospheric oxygen
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Parameter estimation
KW  - Ozonesondes
KW  - Boundary layer structure
KW  - Ozonesonde
KW  - Pollution layering
KW  - Remote retrieval
KW  - Smog ozone
KW  - Statistical structure of atmosphere
KW  - Surface ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 82110061; Chatfield, Robert B. 1; Email Address: Robert.B.Chatfield@nasa.gov; Esswein, Robert F. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research, 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 61, p103; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Phytotoxicity; Subject Term: Atmospheric oxygen; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Parameter estimation; Subject Term: Ozonesondes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozonesonde; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution layering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smog ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Statistical structure of atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface ozone; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Thornhill, K. Lee
AU  - Winstead, Edward L.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Timko, Michael T.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
T1  - Power-dependent speciation of volatile organic compounds in aircraft exhaust
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2012/12/11/
VL  - 61
M3  - Article
SP  - 275
EP  - 282
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: As part of the third NASA Aircraft Particle Emissions Experiment (APEX-3, November 2005), whole air samples were collected to determine the emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aircraft equipped with three different gas-turbine engines (an Allison Engine 3007-A1E, a Pratt–Whitney 4158, and a Rolls–Royce RB211-535E4B). Samples were collected 1 m behind the engine exhaust plane of the engines while they were operated at powers ranging from idle up to 30% of maximum rated thrust. Exhaust emission indices (mass emitted per kilogram of fuel used) for CO and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were calculated based on enhancements over background relative to CO2. Emissions of all NMHCs were greatest at low power with values decreasing by an order of magnitude with increasing power. Previous studies have shown that scaling idle hydrocarbon emissions to formaldehyde or ethene (which are typically emitted at a ratio of 1-to-1 at idle) reduces variability amongst engine types. NMHC emissions were found to scale at low power, with alkenes contributing over 50% of measured NMHCs. However, as the power increases hydrocarbon emissions no longer scale to ethene, as the aromatics become the dominant species emitted. This may be due in part to a shift in combustion processes from thermal cracking (producing predominantly alkenes) to production of new molecules (producing proportionally more aromatics) as power increases. The formation of these aromatics is an intermediate step in the production of soot, which also increases with increasing power. The increase in aromatics relative to alkenes additionally results in a decrease in the hydroxyl radical reactivity and ozone formation potential of aircraft exhaust. Samples collected 30 m downwind of the engine were also analyzed for NMHCs and carbonyl compounds (acetone, 2-butanone and C1–C9 aldehydes). Formaldehyde was the predominant carbonyl emitted; however, the ratio of ethene-to-formaldehyde varied between the aircraft, possibly due to the sampling of transient emissions such as engine start-up and power changes. A large portion of the measured emissions (27–42% by mass) in the plume samples was made up of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) with oxygenated compounds being most significant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aircraft exhaust emissions
KW  - Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Chemical speciation
KW  - Automotive gas turbines
KW  - United States
KW  - Aircraft emissions
KW  - Hydrocarbon emission indices
KW  - Oxygenated hydrocarbons
KW  - Turbine engine
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82110077; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 1; Email Address: andreas.j.beyersdorf@nasa.gov; Thornhill, K. Lee 1,2; Winstead, Edward L. 1,2; Ziemba, Luke D. 1; Blake, Donald R. 3; Timko, Michael T. 4; Anderson, Bruce E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23662, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 3: University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 4: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 61, p275; Thesaurus Term: Aircraft exhaust emissions; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Chemical speciation; Subject Term: Automotive gas turbines; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbon emission indices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygenated hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine engine ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linnarsson, Dag
AU  - Carpenter, James
AU  - Fubini, Bice
AU  - Gerde, Per
AU  - Karlsson, Lars L.
AU  - Loftus, David J.
AU  - Prisk, G. Kim
AU  - Staufer, Urs
AU  - Tranfield, Erin M.
AU  - van Westrenen, Wim
T1  - Toxicity of lunar dust
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/12/15/
VL  - 74
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 71
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The formation, composition and physical properties of lunar dust are incompletely characterised with regard to human health. While the physical and chemical determinants of dust toxicity for materials such as asbestos, quartz, volcanic ashes and urban particulate matter have been the focus of substantial research efforts, lunar dust properties, and therefore lunar dust toxicity may differ substantially. In this contribution, past and ongoing work on dust toxicity is reviewed, and major knowledge gaps that prevent an accurate assessment of lunar dust toxicity are identified. Finally, a range of studies using ground-based, low-gravity, and in situ measurements is recommended to address the identified knowledge gaps. Because none of the curated lunar samples exist in a pristine state that preserves the surface reactive chemical aspects thought to be present on the lunar surface, studies using this material carry with them considerable uncertainty in terms of fidelity. As a consequence, in situ data on lunar dust properties will be required to provide ground truth for ground-based studies quantifying the toxicity of dust exposure and the associated health risks during future manned lunar missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Toxicology
KW  - Matter -- Properties
KW  - Asbestos dust
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Stars -- Formation
KW  - Space flight to the moon
KW  - Moon -- Surface
KW  - Moon
KW  - Health effects
KW  - Human exploration
KW  - Inflammation
KW  - Particle toxicology
KW  - Surface reactivity
N1  - Accession Number: 84192218; Linnarsson, Dag 1; Email Address: dag.linnarsson@ki.se; Carpenter, James 2; Email Address: james.carpenter@esa.int; Fubini, Bice 3; Email Address: bice.fubini@unito.it; Gerde, Per 4,5; Email Address: per.gerde@ki.se; Karlsson, Lars L. 1; Email Address: lars.karlsson@ki.se; Loftus, David J. 6; Email Address: david.j.loftus@nasa.gov; Prisk, G. Kim 7; Email Address: kprisk@ucsd.edu; Staufer, Urs 8; Email Address: u.staufer@tudelft.nl; Tranfield, Erin M. 9; Email Address: erin.tranfield@embl.de; van Westrenen, Wim 10; Email Address: w.van.westrenen@vu.nl; Affiliations: 1: Section of Environmental Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz v. 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; 2: European Space Agency ESTEC, HME-HFR, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands; 3: Department of Chemistry and Interdepartmental Center “G. Scansetti” for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7,10125 Torino, Italy; 4: Division of Physiology, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, IMM, Box 287, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; 5: Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Scheeles väg 1, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; 6: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94301, USA; 7: Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0852, USA; 8: Micro and Nano Engineering Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 GR Delft, The Netherlands; 9: Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; 10: Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Issue Info: Dec2012, Vol. 74 Issue 1, p57; Thesaurus Term: Toxicology; Thesaurus Term: Matter -- Properties; Thesaurus Term: Asbestos dust; Subject Term: Lunar dust; Subject Term: Stars -- Formation; Subject Term: Space flight to the moon; Subject Term: Moon -- Surface; Subject Term: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inflammation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle toxicology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface reactivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Fries, Marc D.
AU  - Qing-Zhu Yin
AU  - Zolensky, Michael
AU  - Krot, Alexander N.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Sears, Derek
AU  - Beauford, Robert
AU  - Ebel, Denton S.
AU  - Friedrich, Jon M.
AU  - Nagashima, Kazuhide
AU  - Wimpenny, Josh
AU  - Yamakawa, Akane
AU  - Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
AU  - Hamajima, Yasunori
AU  - Caffee, Marc W.
AU  - Welten, Kees C.
AU  - Laubenstein, Matthias
AU  - Davis, Andrew M.
AU  - Simon, Steven B.
T1  - Radar-Enabled Recovery of the Sutter's Mill Meteorite, a Carbonaceous Chondrite Regolith Breccia.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/12/21/
VL  - 338
IS  - 6114
M3  - Article
SP  - 1583
EP  - 1587
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Doppler weather radar imaging enabled the rapid recovery of the Sutter's Mill meteorite after a rare 4-kiloton of TNT-equivalent asteroid impact over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in northern California. The recovered meteorites survived a record high-speed entry of 28.6 kilometers per second from an orbit close to that of Jupiter-family comets (Tisserand's parameter = 2.8 ± 0.3). Sutter's Mill is a regolith breccia composed of CM (Mighei)-type carbonaceous chondrite and highly reduced xenolithic materials. It exhibits considerable diversity of mineralogy, petrography, and isotope and organic chemistry, resulting from a complex formation history of the parent body surface. That diversity is quickly masked by alteration once in the terrestrial environment but will need to be considered when samples returned by missions to C-class asteroids are interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radar meteorology
KW  - Meteorites -- Collectors & collecting
KW  - Carbonaceous chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - Breccia
KW  - Regolith
KW  - Doppler radar
KW  - Meteorites -- Analysis
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Astromineralogy
N1  - Accession Number: 84546427; Jenniskens, Peter 1,2; Email Address: petrus.m.jenniskens@nasa.gov; Fries, Marc D. 3; Qing-Zhu Yin 4; Zolensky, Michael 5; Krot, Alexander N. 6; Sandford, Scott A. 2; Sears, Derek 2; Beauford, Robert 7; Ebel, Denton S. 8; Friedrich, Jon M. 8,9; Nagashima, Kazuhide 6; Wimpenny, Josh 4; Yamakawa, Akane 4; Nishiizumi, Kunihiko 10; Hamajima, Yasunori 11; Caffee, Marc W. 12; Welten, Kees C. 10; Laubenstein, Matthias 13; Davis, Andrew M. 14,15; Simon, Steven B. 14; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719- 2395, USA; 4: Department of Geology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 5: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 6: Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology and Astrobiology institute, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; 7: Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas, AR 72701, USA; 8: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural, History, New York, NY 10024, USA; 9: Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA; 10: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA; 11: Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan; 12: Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 13: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nudeare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 1-67100 Assergi, Italy; 14: Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Enrico Fermi Institute and Chicago Center for Cosmochemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 15: Robert A. Pritzker Center for Meteoritics and Polar Studies, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; Issue Info: 12/21/2012, Vol. 338 Issue 6114, p1583; Thesaurus Term: Radar meteorology; Subject Term: Meteorites -- Collectors & collecting; Subject Term: Carbonaceous chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: Breccia; Subject Term: Regolith; Subject Term: Doppler radar; Subject Term: Meteorites -- Analysis; Subject Term: Asteroids; Subject Term: Astromineralogy; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1227163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, M.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Chai, T.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Oltmans, S. J.
AU  - Jaffe, D. A.
AU  - Bowman, K. W.
AU  - Kaduwela, A.
AU  - Cai, C.
AU  - Spak, S. N.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
T1  - Impacts of transported background pollutants on summertime western US air quality: model evaluation, sensitivity analysis and data assimilation.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 391
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The impacts of transported background (TBG) pollutants on western US ozone (Oe) distributions in summer 2008 are studied using the multi-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Modeling system. Forward sensitivity simulations show that TBG contributes ~30-35ppb to the surface Monthly mean Daily maximum 8-h Average O3 (MDA8) over Pacific Southwest (US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Region 9, including California, Nevada and Arizona) and Pacific Northwest (EPA Region 10, including Washington, Oregon and Idaho), and ~ 10-17 ppm-h to the secondary standard metric "W126 monthly index" over EPA Region 9 and ~3-4ppm-h over Region 10. The strongest TBG impacts on W126 occur over the grass/shrub-covered regions. Among TBG pollutants, Oe is the major contributor to surface O3, while peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most important O3 precursor species. W126 shows larger responses than MDA8 to perturbations in TBG and stronger non-linearity to the magnitude of perturbations. The TBG impacts on both metrics overall negatively correlate to model vertical resolution and positively correlate to the horizontal resolution. The mechanisms that determine TBG contributions and their variation are analyzed using trajectories and the receptor-based adjoint sensitivity analysis, which demonstrate the connection between the surface O3 and O3 aloft (at ~ 1-4 km) 1-2 days earlier. The probabilities of airmasses originating from Mt. Bachelor (2.7 km) and 2.5 km above Trinidad Head (THD) entraining into the boundary layer reach daily maxima of 66 % and 34 % at ~03:00 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time (PDT), respectively, and stay above 50 % during 09:00 a.m.-04:00 p.m. PDT for those originating 1.5 km above California's South Coast. Assimilation of the surface in-situ measurements significantly reduced the errors in the modeled surface O3 during a long-range transport episode by ~5ppb on average (up to ~17ppb) and increased the estimated TBG contributions by ~3 ppb. Available O3 vertical profiles from Tro-pospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and THD sonde identified this transport event, but assimilation of these observations in this case did not efficiently improve the O3 distributions except near the sampling locations, due to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and/or possible uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric deposition
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Sulfur -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 85949969; Huang, M. 1; Email Address: mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu; Carmichael, G. R. 1; Chai, T. 2; Pierce, R. B. 3; Oltmans, S. J. 4; Jaffe, D. A. 5; Bowman, K. W. 6; Kaduwela, A. 7; Cai, C.; Spak, S. N. 1,8; Weinheimer, A. J. 9; Huey, L. G. 10; Diskin, G. S. 11; Affiliations: 1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 2: NOAA/OAR/ARL, College Park, MD 20740, USA; 3: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 4: NOAA/ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 5: University of Washington, Bothell, WA 98011, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 7: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95812, USA; 8: Public Policy Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 9: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 10: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p359; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric deposition; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: Sulfur -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-359-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Browne, E. C.
AU  - Min, K. -E.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Apel, E.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Cantrell, C. A.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - Observations of total RONO2 over the boreal forest: NOx sinks and HNO3 sources.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 254
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In contrast with the textbook view of remote chemistry where HNO3 formation is the primary sink of nitrogen oxides, recent theoretical analyses show that formation of RONO2 (ΣANs) from isoprene and other terpene precursors is the primary net chemical loss of nitrogen oxides over the remote continents where the concentration of nitrogen oxides is low. This then increases the prominence of questions concerning the chemical lifetime and ultimate fate of ΣANs. We present observations of nitrogen oxides and organic molecules collected over the Canadian boreal forest during the summer that show that ΣANs account for ∼20% of total oxidized nitrogen and that their instantaneous production rate is larger than that of HNO3. This confirms the primary role of reactions producing ΣANs as a control over the lifetime of NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) in remote, continental environments. However, HNO3 is generally present in larger concentrations than ΣANs indicating that the atmospheric lifetime of ΣANs is shorter than the HNO3 lifetime. We investigate a range of proposed loss mechanisms that would explain the inferred lifetime of ΣANs finding that in combination with deposition, two processes are consistent with the observations: (1) rapid ozonolysis of isoprene nitrates where at least ∼40% of the ozonolysis products release NOx from the carbon backbone and/or (2) hydrolysis of particulate organic nitrates with HNO3 as a product. Implications of these ideas for our understanding of NOx and NOy budget in remote and rural locations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Ozonolysis
KW  - Hydrolysis
KW  - Isoprene
KW  - Chemical kinetics
N1  - Accession Number: 85950078; Browne, E. C. 1; Email Address: ecbrowne@mit.edu; Min, K. -E. 2; Wooldridge, P. J. 1; Apel, E. 3; Blake, D. R. 4; Brune, W. H. 5; Cantrell, C. A.; Cubison, M. J. 6,7; Diskin, G. S. 8; Jimenez, J. L. 6,7; Weinheimer, A. J. 3; Wennberg, P. O. 9; Wisthaler, A. 10; Cohen, R. C. 1,2; Email Address: rccohen@berkeley.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; 3: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA; 5: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; 6: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES); 7: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 9: Division of Geology and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 10: Institut für Ionenphysik & Angewandte Physik, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p201; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Nitric oxide; Thesaurus Term: Ozonolysis; Thesaurus Term: Hydrolysis; Subject Term: Isoprene; Subject Term: Chemical kinetics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 54p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-201-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Predicting Head Injury Risk During International Space Station Increments.
AU  - WEAVER, AARON S.
AU  - ZAKRAJSEK, ANNE D.
AU  - LEWANDOWSKI, BETH E.
AU  - BROOKER, JOHN E.
AU  - MYERS Jr., JERRY G.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 84
IS  - 1
SP  - 38
EP  - 46
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 84541151; Author: WEAVER, AARON S.: 1 email: aaron.s.weaver@nasa.gov. Author: ZAKRAJSEK, ANNE D.: 2 Author: LEWANDOWSKI, BETH E.: 1 Author: BROOKER, JOHN E.: 1 Author: MYERS Jr., JERRY G.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH: 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20130106
N2  - Introduction: NASA's Human Research Program is using a probabilistic risk assessment approach to identify acute and chronic medical risks to manned spaceflight. The objective of this project was to estimate the likelihood of a neurological head injury to a crewmember severe enough to require medical assessment, treatment, or evacuation during a typical International Space Station (ISS) increment. Methods: A 2 degree-of-freedom analytical model of the human head was created to allow for analysis of the impact response. The output of the model is acceleration of the head, which was used to determine the probability that the simulated impact resulted in a head injury with an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score of 3 or greater. These data were then integrated into a probabilistic risk assessment, which outputs a likelihood of injury with a representative measure of the uncertainty. Results: A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to vary input parameters over their defined distributions. The mean probability of a moderate neurological injury (AIS 3 or greater) occurring due to a head impact by a crewmember translating through the ISS is 1.16 X 10-4 per 6-mo mission increment (2.32 X 10-4 per year). Discussion: Our head injury prediction model has shown that there is a low, yet not insignificant, probability of neurological head injury of AIS score 3 or greater. The results from this simulation will be input into the parent Integrated Medical Model, which incorporates the risks of over 80 different medical events in order to inform mission planning scenarios. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *HEAD injuries
KW  - *NEUROLOGY
KW  - RISK factors
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - head injury
KW  - Monte Carlo methods
KW  - probabilistic risk assessment
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shen, Yu-Fei
AU  - Rahman, Zia-Ur
AU  - Krusienski, Dean
AU  - Li, Jiang
T1  - A Vision-Based Automatic Safe Landing-Site Detection System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 294
EP  - 311
SN  - 00189251
AB  - An automatic safe landing-site detection system is proposed for aircraft emergency landing based on visible information acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras. Emergency landing is an unplanned event in response to emergency situations. If, as is usually the case, there is no airstrip or airfield that can be reached by the unpowered aircraft, a crash landing or ditching has to be carried out. Identifying a safe landing-site is critical to the survival of passengers and crew. Conventionally, the pilot chooses the landing-site visually by looking at the terrain through the cockpit. The success of this vital decision greatly depends on external environmental factors that can impair human vision and on the pilot's flight experience, which can vary significantly among pilots. Therefore, we propose a robust, reliable, and efficient detection system that is expected to alleviate the negative impact of these factors. We focus on the detection mechanism of the proposed system and assume that image enhancement for increased visibility and image stitching for a larger field-of-view (FOV) have already been performed on the terrain images acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras. Specifically, we first propose a hierarchical elastic horizon detection algorithm to identify the ground in the image. Then, the terrain image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks, which are clustered according to a "roughness" measure. The adjacent smooth blocks are merged to form potential landing-sites, whose dimensions are measured with principal component analysis and geometric transformations. If the dimensions of a candidate region exceed the minimum requirement for safe landing, the potential landing-site is considered a safe candidate and is highlighted on the human machine interface. At the end the pilot makes the final decision by confirming one of the candidates, and also by considering other factors such as wind speed and wind direction, etc. Preliminary experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - INFORMATION theory
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - DITCHING
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - PRINCIPAL components analysis
KW  - IMAGE converters
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Cameras
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Hazards
KW  - Humans
KW  - Image edge detection
KW  - NASA
N1  - Accession Number: 84742612; Shen, Yu-Fei 1; Rahman, Zia-Ur 2; Krusienski, Dean 1; Li, Jiang 1; Affiliations: 1: Old Dominion University; 2: NASA Langley Research Center; Issue Info: Jan2013, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p294; Thesaurus Term: AIRPLANES; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION theory; Thesaurus Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: DITCHING; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: PRINCIPAL components analysis; Subject Term: IMAGE converters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cameras; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hazards; Author-Supplied Keyword: Humans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image edge detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAES.2013.6404104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=84742612&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.
AU  - Choudhury, Debabani
AU  - Patterson, Chad E.
AU  - Lacroix, Benjamin
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - Integrated 60-GHz Antenna on Multilayer Organic Package With Broadside and End-Fire Radiation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan2013 Part 1
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 315
SN  - 00189480
AB  - Existing antenna and array systems for 60-GHz wireless personal area network communications suffer from inherent poor radiation at grazing angles. This limitation is overcome in this work with a highly integrated antenna module that combines both broadside and end-fire radiators in a single multilayer organic package. Liquid crystal polymer and Rogers RO3003 are used to implement a small form factor (12.5 mm\,\times\,10 mm\,\times\,1.3 mm) antenna architecture. The co-designed broadside and end-fire antennas are characterized and measured for operation in the 57–66-GHz frequency range. Measured boresight gains of 8.7 and 10.9 dBi are achieved for the broadside and end-fire antennas while maintaining 35–45-dB isolation between both antennas. The numerically estimated radiation efficiency is found to be 92.5% and 78.5% for the broadside and end-fire elements. These antennas are orthogonally polarized and suitable for frequency reuse. Integrated circuits are mounted inside recessed cavities to realize a fully active antenna module with beam switching or simultaneous radiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication of a single package multilayer integration of millimeter-wave active antennas with both azimuth and elevation coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - WIRELESS sensor networks
KW  - CAVITY resonators
KW  - DIPOLE antennas
KW  - MULTIBEAM antennas
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - 60 GHz
KW  - Arrays
KW  - Broadside radiator
KW  - Cavity resonators
KW  - Dielectrics
KW  - Dipole antennas
KW  - end-fire array
KW  - Fabrication
KW  - integrated antenna
KW  - millimeter wave
KW  - multibeam antenna
KW  - multilayer organic (MLO) package
KW  - Surface waves
KW  - switched-beam antenna
N1  - Accession Number: 85019179; Amadjikpe, Arnaud L. 1; Choudhury, Debabani 2; Patterson, Chad E. 3; Lacroix, Benjamin 4; Ponchak, George E. 5; Papapolymerou, John 4; Affiliations: 1: Autoliv Active Safety, Lowell, MA, USA; 2: Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA; 3: Space and Airborne Systems division, Raytheon Company, El Segundo, CA, USA; 4: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Jan2013 Part 1, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p303; Thesaurus Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: WIRELESS sensor networks; Subject Term: CAVITY resonators; Subject Term: DIPOLE antennas; Subject Term: MULTIBEAM antennas; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: 60 GHz; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadside radiator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cavity resonators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipole antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: end-fire array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: integrated antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: multibeam antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: multilayer organic (MLO) package; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: switched-beam antenna; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2226598
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sanders, Gerald B.
AU  - Larson, William E.
T1  - Progress Made in Lunar In Situ Resource Utilization under NASA's Exploration Technology and Development Program.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/01//
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 17
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Incorporation of in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and the production of mission-critical consumables for propulsion, power, and life support into mission architectures can greatly reduce the mass, cost, and risk of missions, leading to a sustainable and affordable approach to human exploration beyond Earth. ISRU and its products can also greatly affect how other exploration systems are developed, including determining which technologies are important or enabling. Although the concept of lunar ISRU has existed for more than 40 years, the technologies and systems had not progressed much past simple laboratory proof-of-concept tests. With the release of the Vision for Space Exploration in 2004 with the goal of harnessing the Moon's resources, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiated the ISRU project in the Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) to develop the technologies and systems needed to meet this goal. In the 5 years of work in the ISRU Project, significant advancements and accomplishments occurred in several important areas of lunar ISRU. Also, two analog field tests held in Hawaii in 2008 and 2010 demonstrated all the steps in ISRU capabilities required, along with the integration of ISRU products and hardware with propulsion, power, and cryogenic storage systems. This paper will review the scope of the ISRU Project in the ETDP, ISRU incorporation, development strategies used by the ISRU project, and ISRU development and test accomplishments over the 5 years of funded project activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - NATURAL resources
KW  - CRYOGENIC liquids -- Storage
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 84741083; Source Information: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p5; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: NATURAL resources; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC liquids -- Storage; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 3 Charts; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000208
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84741083&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Metzger, Philip T.
AU  - Muscatello, Anthony
AU  - Mueller, Robert P.
AU  - Mantovani, James
T1  - Affordable, Rapid Bootstrapping of the Space Industry and Solar System Civilization.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/01//
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 29
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Advances in robotics and additive manufacturing have become game-changing for the prospects of space industry. It has become feasible to bootstrap a self-sustaining, self-expanding industry at reasonably low cost. Simple modeling was developed to identify the main parameters of successful bootstrapping. This indicates that bootstrapping can be achieved with as little as 12 t landed on the Moon during a period of about 20 years. The equipment will be teleoperated and then transitioned to full autonomy so the industry can spread to the asteroid belt and beyond. The strategy begins with a subreplicating system and evolves toward full self-sustainability (full closure) via an in situ technology spiral. The industry grows exponentially because of the free real estate, energy, and material resources of space. The mass of industrial assets at the end of bootstrapping will be 156 t with 60 humanoid robots or as high as 40,000 t with as many as 100,000 humanoid robots if faster manufacturing is supported by launching a total of 41 t to the Moon. Within another few decades with no further investment, it can have millions of times the industrial capacity of the United States. Modeling over wide parameter ranges indicates this is reasonable, but further analysis is needed. This industry promises to revolutionize the human condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOOTSTRAPPING (Statistics)
KW  - SPACE launch industry
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - MANUFACTURING industries
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 84741070; Source Information: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p18; Subject Term: BOOTSTRAPPING (Statistics); Subject Term: SPACE launch industry; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING industries; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000236
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84741070&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trigwell, Steve
AU  - Captain, James
AU  - Weis, Kyle
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline
T1  - Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Regolith: Applications in In Situ Resource Utilization.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/01//
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 36
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Returning to the Moon, or going further afield such as to Mars, presents enormous challenges in sustaining life for extended periods of time far beyond the few days the astronauts experienced on the Moon during the Apollo missions. A stay on Mars is envisioned to last several months, and it would be cost prohibitive to take all the requirements for such a stay from Earth. Therefore, future exploration missions will be required to be self-sufficient and use the resources available at the mission site to sustain human occupation. Such an exercise is currently the focus of intense research at National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the in situ resource utilization program. As well as the oxygen and water necessary for human life, resources for providing building materials for habitats, radiation protection, and landing/launch pads are required. All these materials can be provided by the regolith present on the surface because it contains sufficient minerals and metals oxides to meet the requirements. However, before processing, it would be cost effective if the regolith could be enriched in the mineral(s) of interest. This can be achieved by electrostatic beneficiation, in which tribocharged mineral particles are separated out, and the feedstock is enriched or depleted as required. The results of electrostatic beneficiation of lunar simulants and actual Apollo regolith in a high lunar vacuum are reported, in which various degrees of efficient particle separation and mineral enrichment up to a few hundred percent were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
KW  - APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - MOON
KW  - OUTER space
N1  - Accession Number: 84741084; Source Information: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p30; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Subject Term: APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 1 Graph; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000226
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84741084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline W.
AU  - Captain, Jim G.
AU  - Weis, Kyle
AU  - Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo
AU  - Trigwell, Steve
T1  - Evaluation of Tribocharged Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Simulant in Lunar Gravity.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/01//
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Tribocharged electrostatic beneficiation of a lunar simulant and actual Apollo regolith has been shown to be successful under a high lunar vacuum in which various degrees of efficient particle separation and mineral enrichment of up to a few hundred percent were achieved. In this paper, electrostatic beneficiation of a lunar simulant at , as run on reduced gravity flights (RGFs), is reported. Enrichment of the target mineral ilmenite was achieved as high as 65 and 106% in the two RGF flights undertaken, showing that tribocharged electrostatic beneficiation is a viable process in the lunar environment. It was also shown that the efficiency of the separation was a factor in the orientation of the apparatus in the aircraft because the force of gravity was not perpendicular to the plane of the apparatus during the flight parabolas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - LUNAR regolith simulants
KW  - APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MOON -- Gravity
KW  - MOON
N1  - Accession Number: 84741085; Source Information: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p37; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: LUNAR regolith simulants; Subject Term: APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft); Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MOON -- Gravity; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 9 Charts; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000227
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84741085&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Interbartolo, Michael A.
AU  - Sanders, Gerald B.
AU  - Oryshchyn, Lara
AU  - Lee, Kris
AU  - Vaccaro, Helen
AU  - Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo
AU  - Muscatello, Anthony C.
T1  - Prototype Development of an Integrated Mars Atmosphere and Soil-Processing System.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/01//
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 66
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The concept of living off the land by using the indigenous resources of the Moon, Mars, or other potential sites of robotic and human exploration has been termed in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and will be an enabling technology to open up the solar system. Although the most recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) human Mars mission study (Design Reference Architecture 5.0) showed that production of propellants and life support consumables was a mission-enabling capability, mission planners were hesitant to select the newly proposed water extraction from Mars soil option because of the perceived high risk associated with this approach. To overcome resistance in putting ISRU capabilities in the critical path of mission success, NASA ISRU developers have adopted the approach of designing and building hardware into end-to-end systems at representative mission scales and testing these systems under mission-relevant conditions at analog field test sites. Previous ISRU field demonstrations have been standalone lunar ISRU modules running on alternating current power with nonoptimal integration. The primary goal of the Mars atmosphere and regolith collector/processor for lander operations (MARCO POLO) project is to design, build, and test an end-to-end first-generation Mars ISRU atmospheric and soil-processing system powered by mission-relevant direct current power while also demonstrating closed-loop power production via the combination of a fuel cell and electrolyzer. A secondary goal is to perform remote and autonomous operations with this integrated system on a octagon lander and transfer oxygen and methane produced to a cryocart for use with a thruster to demonstrate an end-to-end Mars resource-to-thrust concept. This paper will outline the overall design, technologies used, and concept of operations for the MARCO POLO project and its upcoming field demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 84741077; Source Information: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p57; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000214
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84741077&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Kristopher A.
AU  - Oryshchyn, Lara
AU  - Paz, Aaron
AU  - Reddington, Mike
AU  - Simon, Thomas M.
T1  - The ROxygen Project: Outpost-Scale Lunar Oxygen Production System Development at Johnson Space Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/01//
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 73
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - In 2009; the Augustine report reinforced the importance of in situ oxygen production as a critical technology for sustainable exploration. Engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Johnson Space Center have been working on making this critical technology a reality through the design, fabrication, and testing of two hydrogen reduction reactors, accomplished as part of the ROxygen project. Engineers built and extensively tested a small-scale reactor that provided key design parametrics for the second reactor-a large-scale vessel consistent with the scale required to produce 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) of oxygen per year. Once designed and fabricated, this large-scale reactor was tested in the laboratory and in the 2008 in situ research utilization field test on the slopes of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and in the laboratory at Johnson Space Center. This paper presents an overview of the approach taken, the high-level design information required, and the typical test data accrued for both the small-scale and large-scale reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LYNDON B. Johnson Space Center
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - MOON
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 84741072; Source Information: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p67; Subject Term: LYNDON B. Johnson Space Center; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000230
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84741072&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zacny, K.
AU  - Paulsen, G.
AU  - Szczesiak, M.
AU  - Craft, J.
AU  - Chu, P.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Glass, B.
AU  - Davila, A.
AU  - Marinova, M.
AU  - Pollard, W.
AU  - Jackson, W.
T1  - LunarVader: Development and Testing of Lunar Drill in Vacuum Chamber and in Lunar Analog Site of Antarctica.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/01//
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 86
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Future exploration of the Moon will require access to the subsurface and acquisition of samples for scientific analysis and ground truthing of water-ice and mineral reserves for in situ resource utilization purposes. The LunarVader drill described in this paper is a 1-m class drill and cuttings acquisition system enabling subsurface exploration of the Moon. The drill employs rotary-percussive action, which reduces the weight on bit and energy consumption. This drilling approach has been successfully used by previous lunar missions, such as the Soviet Luna 16, 20, and 24, and United States Apollo 15, 16, and 17. These missions and drilling systems are described in detail. The passive sample acquisition system of the LunarVader drill delivers cuttings directly into a sample cup or an instrument inlet port. The drill was tested in a vacuum chamber and penetrated various formations, such as a water-saturated lunar soil simulant (JSC-1A) at −80°C, water-ice, and rocks to a depth of 1 m. The system was also field tested in the lunar analog site on Ross Island, Antarctica, where it successfully penetrated to 1-m depth and acquired icy samples into a sample cup. During the chamber and field testing, the LunarVader demonstrated drilling at the 1-1-100-100 level; that is, it penetrated 1 m in approximately 1 h with roughly 100-W power and less than 100-N weight on bit. This corresponds to a total drilling energy of approximately 100 Whr. The drill system achieved high enough technology readiness to be considered as a viable option for future lunar missions, such as the South Pole-Aitken Basin Sample Return and Geophysical Network missions recently recommended by the Decadal Survey of the National Research Council, and commercial missions, such as Google Lunar X-Prize missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APOLLO lunar surface drill
KW  - VACUUM chambers
KW  - NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.)
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - MOON
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 84741073; Source Information: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p74; Subject Term: APOLLO lunar surface drill; Subject Term: VACUUM chambers; Subject Term: NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.); Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: ANTARCTICA; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000212
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84741073&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Agui, J. H.
AU  - Bucek, M.
AU  - DeGennaro, A.
AU  - Wilkinson, R. A.
AU  - Zeng, X.
T1  - Lunar Excavation Experiments in Simulant Soil Test Beds: Revisiting the Surveyor Geotechnical Data.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/01//
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 133
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The establishment of permanent bases on planetary surfaces is an important long-term goal of the space community. Understanding the geotechnical properties of planetary surfaces and their interaction with tools and implements will be essential in addressing the challenges of material-handling equipment for infrastructure development during surface missions. With this aim, a replica of the soil mechanics surface sampler, an extendable scoop with a bearing plate attachment, operated on some of the lunar Surveyor missions in the 1960s, was fabricated and used in a series of simulated bearing and excavation tests. Initially, a set of tests was performed on a small laboratory test stand using an acrylic soil bin with a footprint. Subsequent tests were performed in a new large-scale soil bin facility () to minimize wall effects. Both test setups involved the use of JSC-1a lunar simulant soil beds and motorized actuators to drive the scoop into the simulant. Emphasis was placed on methods of repeatable soil bin preparation. The scoop was attached to a commercial six-axis load cell that provided time-resolved measurements of the three-dimensional forces and torques. In addition, simultaneous video provided detailed imaging of the flow behavior and surcharge formation of the regolith during excavation. A surface-profiling technique was developed to resolve the surface deformation as the scoop penetrated and trenched the simulant. Bearing test data in loose bed preparations in both bins compared well with the Surveyor flight data. The data also included the soil response under compacted soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR regolith simulants
KW  - EXCAVATION
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - SURVEYORS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
KW  - ENGINEERING geology
KW  - MOON
N1  - Accession Number: 84741082; Source Information: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p117; Subject Term: LUNAR regolith simulants; Subject Term: EXCAVATION; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: SURVEYORS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING geology; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 17p; ; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000249
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=84741082&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Luckring, James M.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Sylvester, Andre J.
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
AU  - Zang, Thomas A.
T1  - NASA Standard for Models and Simulations: Philosophy and Requirements Overview.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 28
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Following the Columbia Accident Investigation Board report, the NASA Administrator chartered an executive team (known as the Diaz Team) to identify those report elements with NASA-wide applicability and to develop corrective measures to address each element. One such measure was the development of a standard for the development, documentation, and operation of models and simulations. The resulting standard attempts to develop a general framework for communicating information to decision makers by including programmatic, documentation, and reporting requirements. It also includes a scale intended to measure the credibility associated with model and simulation results. This report describes the philosophy and requirements overview of the resulting NASA Standard for Models and Simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLUMBIA (Spacecraft) Disaster, 2003
KW  - COLUMBIA (Spacecraft)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 85479226; Source Information: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p20; Subject Term: COLUMBIA (Spacecraft) Disaster, 2003; Subject Term: COLUMBIA (Spacecraft); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C000303
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=85479226&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Rohit
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Chopra, Inderjit
T1  - Investigation of Trailing-Edge Flap Gap Effects on Rotor Performance Using High-Fidelity Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 151
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Effects of trailing-edge flap gaps on rotor performance are investigated using a high-fidelity coupled computational fluid dynamics computational structural dynamics analysis. Both integral flap (the flap is an integral part of the blade such that there are no physical gaps at the flap ends) and discrete flap (the flap is a separate entity with physical gaps in the span and chord directions) are examined on an UH-60A rotor at high-speed forward-flight conditions. A novel grid deformation scheme based on the Delaunay graph mapping is developed and implemented to allow the computational fluid dynamics modeling of the gaps with minimal distortion of mesh around the flap gap regions. This method offers an alternative to the traditional approach of modeling such configurations using overset meshes. The simulation results show that the effectiveness of the flap is minimally affected with span gaps; the penalty on rotor performance is of the order of 1% compared to the integral flap. On the other hand, the chord gaps significantly degrade the benefits of active flap on rotor performance due to the flow penetration between the upper and lower surfaces of the flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research
KW  - DYNAMICS -- Mathematical models -- Research
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes) -- Research
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) -- Research
KW  - ROTORS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 85479238; Source Information: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p140; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: DYNAMICS -- Mathematical models -- Research; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes) -- Research; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) -- Research; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031837
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saleeb, Atef F
AU  - Dhakal, Binod
AU  - Padula, Santo A
AU  - Gaydosh, Darrell J
T1  - Calibration of a three-dimensional multimechanism shape memory alloy material model for the prediction of the cyclic “attraction” character in binary NiTi alloys.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 70
EP  - 88
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - As typically utilized in applications, a particular shape memory alloy device or component operates under a large number of thermomechanical cycles, hence, the importance of accounting for the cyclic behavior characteristics in modeling and characterization of these systems. To this end, the present work is focused on the characterization of the evolutionary, cyclic behavior of binary 55NiTi (having a moderately-high transformation temperature range). In this study, an extensive set of test data from recent cyclic, isobaric, tension tests was used. Furthermore, for the calibration and characterization of this material, a newly developed, multiaxial, material-modeling framework was implemented. In this framework, multiple, inelastic mechanisms are used to regulate the partitioning of energy dissipation and storage governing the evolutionary thermomechanical response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ISOBARIC processes
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - actuation
KW  - attraction state
KW  - cycling
KW  - evolution
KW  - isobaric
KW  - material modeling
KW  - multi-axial
KW  - multimechanism
KW  - NiTi
KW  - shape memory alloy
KW  - thermomechanical
KW  - transient
N1  - Accession Number: 84491883; Saleeb, Atef F 1; Dhakal, Binod 1; Padula, Santo A 2; Gaydosh, Darrell J 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Jan2013, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p70; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ISOBARIC processes; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: actuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: attraction state; Author-Supplied Keyword: cycling; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: isobaric; Author-Supplied Keyword: material modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: multi-axial; Author-Supplied Keyword: multimechanism; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermomechanical; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7583
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X12457255
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MÉLIN, FRÉDÉRIC
AU  - ZIBORDI, GIUSEPPE
AU  - CARLUND, THOMAS
AU  - HOLBEN, BRENT N.
AU  - STEFAN, SABINA
T1  - Validation of Sea WiFS and MODIS Aqua/Terra aerosol products in coastal regions of European marginal seas.
JO  - Oceanologia
JF  - Oceanologia
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 51
PB  - Elsevier Science
SN  - 00783234
AB  - The aerosol products associated with the ocean colour missions SeaWiFS and MODIS (both Aqua and Terra) are assessed with AERONET field measurements collected in four European marginal seas for which fairly large uncertainties in ocean colour in-water products have been documented: the northern Adriatic, the Baltic, Black and North Seas. On average, more than 500 match-ups are found for each basin and satellite mission, showing an overall consistency of validation statistics across the three missions. The median absolute relative difference between satellite and field values of aerosol optical thickness ta at 443 nm varies from 12% to 15% for the three missions at the northern Adriatic and Black Sea sites, and from 13% to 26% for the Baltic and North Sea sites. It is in the interval 16- 31% for the near-infrared band. The spectral shape of ta is well reproduced with a median bias of the Ångström exponent varying between -15% and +14%, which represents a clear improvement with respect to previous versions of the atmospheric correction scheme. These results show that the uncertainty associated with ta in the considered coastal waters of the European marginal seas is comparable to global validation statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oceanologia is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Uncertainty (Information theory)
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Thickness measurement
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - European seas
KW  - Ocean colour
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 85952560; MÉLIN, FRÉDÉRIC 1; ZIBORDI, GIUSEPPE 1; CARLUND, THOMAS 2; HOLBEN, BRENT N. 3; STEFAN, SABINA 4; Affiliations: 1: European Commission - Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, TP272, Ispra, 21027, Italy; 2: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, SE-601 76, Norrköping, Sweden; 3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 4: University of Bucharest, Faculty of Physics, 077125 Magurele, P.O. BOX MG-11, Bucharest, Romania; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p27; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Ocean color; Subject Term: Uncertainty (Information theory); Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Thickness measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: European seas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean colour; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5697/oc.55-1.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104091037
T1  - CIB: An Improved Communication Architecture for Real-Time Monitoring of Aerospace Materials, Instruments, and Sensors on the ISS.
AU  - Krasowski, Michael J
AU  - Prokop, Norman F
AU  - Flatico, Joseph M
AU  - Greer, Lawrence C
AU  - Jenkins, Phillip P
AU  - Neudeck, Philip G
AU  - Chen, Liangyu
AU  - Spina, Danny C
Y1  - 2013/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 104091037. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150529. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. NLM UID: 101131163. 
KW  - Communication
KW  - Equipment and Supplies
KW  - Industry
KW  - Computers and Computerization
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - Software
SP  - 185769
EP  - 185769
JO  - Scientific World Journal
JF  - Scientific World Journal
JA  - THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1537-744X
AD  - NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.
U2  - PMID: 23983621.
DO  - 2013/185769
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104165270
T1  - Turbine rotor disk health monitoring assessment based on sensor technology and spin tests data.
AU  - Abdul-Aziz, Ali
AU  - Woike, Mark
Y1  - 2013/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 104165270. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150529. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. NLM UID: 101131163. 
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Computer Storage Devices
KW  - Equipment Failure
KW  - Transducers
KW  - Rotation
SP  - 413587
EP  - 413587
JO  - Scientific World Journal
JF  - Scientific World Journal
JA  - THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1537-744X
AD  - NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.
U2  - PMID: 23844396.
DO  - 2013/413587
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104038614
T1  - New sensors and techniques for the structural health monitoring of propulsion systems.
AU  - Woike, Mark
AU  - Abdul-Aziz, Ali
AU  - Oza, Nikunj
AU  - Matthews, Bryan
Y1  - 2013/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 104038614. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150529. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. NLM UID: 101131163. 
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - United States
KW  - Government Agencies
KW  - Vibration
SP  - 596506
EP  - 596506
JO  - Scientific World Journal
JF  - Scientific World Journal
JA  - THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1537-744X
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.
U2  - PMID: 23935425.
DO  - 2013/596506
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lagerloef, Gary
AU  - Yueh, Simon
AU  - Piepmeiner, Jeffrey
T1  - NASA's Aquarius Mission Provides New Ocean View.
JO  - Sea Technology
JF  - Sea Technology
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
EP  - 29
PB  - Compass Publications, Inc.
SN  - 00933651
AB  - The article focuses on the Aquarius Mission of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched in June 2011. The mission will provide information on sea surface salinity and its relation which ocean circulation, the global water cycle and climate. An overview of findings on salinity and on surface winds from scatterometer measurements for areas such as the subtropics, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Pacific and Indian Oceans are presented.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Oceanography -- Research
KW  - Ocean circulation
KW  - Salinity
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85350953; Lagerloef, Gary 1; Yueh, Simon 1; Piepmeiner, Jeffrey 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA; Issue Info: Jan2013, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p26; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Oceanography -- Research; Subject Term: Ocean circulation; Subject Term: Salinity; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chandler, William S.
AU  - Hoell, James M.
AU  - Westberg, David
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
T1  - NASA PREDICTION OF WORLDWIDE ENERGY RESOURCE HIGH RESOLUTION METEOROLOGY DATA FOR SUSTAINABLE BUILDING DESIGN.
JO  - SOLAR Conference Proceedings
JF  - SOLAR Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - American Solar Energy Society
AB  - A primary objective of NASA's Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource (POWER) project is to adapt and infuse NASA's solar and meteorological data into the energy, agricultural, and architectural industries. Improvements are continuously incorporated when higher resolution and longer-term data inputs become available. Climatological data previously provided via POWER web applications were three-hourly and 1x1 degree latitude/longitude. The NASA Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data set provides higher resolution data products (hourly and 1/2x1/2 degree) covering the entire globe. Currently POWER solar and meteorological data are available for more than 30 years on hourly (meteorological only), daily, monthly and annual time scales. These data may be useful to several renewable energy sectors: solar and wind power generation, agricultural crop modeling, and sustainable buildings. A recent focus has been working with ASHRAE to assess complementing weather station data with MERRA data. ASHRAE building design parameters being investigated include heating/cooling degree days and climate zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SOLAR Conference Proceedings is the property of American Solar Energy Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sustainable buildings -- Design & construction
KW  - Architecture & climate
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Renewable energy sources
KW  - Ventilation
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - American Society of Heating Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Engineers
N1  - Accession Number: 101682213; Chandler, William S. 1; Email Address: w.s.chandler@nasa.gov; Hoell, James M. 1; Westberg, David 1; Taiping Zhang 1; Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA, 23681; Issue Info: 2013, p1; Thesaurus Term: Sustainable buildings -- Design & construction; Thesaurus Term: Architecture & climate; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Renewable energy sources; Thesaurus Term: Ventilation; Subject Term: Solar radiation ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration ; Company/Entity: American Society of Heating Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Engineers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Sorlie, Susan E.
AU  - Perez, Richard
AU  - Hemker Jr., Karl
AU  - Schlemmer, James
AU  - Kivalov, Sergey
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Renné, David
AU  - Sengupta, Manajit
AU  - Bates, John
AU  - Knapp, Kenneth
T1  - PROGRESS TOWARDS DERIVING AN IMPROVED LONG-TERM GLOBAL SOLAR RESOURCE.
JO  - SOLAR Conference Proceedings
JF  - SOLAR Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - American Solar Energy Society
AB  - This paper describes an ongoing project to provide the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) with a global long-term advanced global solar mapping production system for improved depiction of historical solar resources and to provide a mechanism for continual updates. This new production system is made possible by the efforts of NASA and NOAA to completely reprocess the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) data set that provides satellite visible and infrared radiances together with retrieved cloud and surface properties on a 10 km, 3-hourly basis beginning July 1983. We provide a general overview of this project, samples of the new solar irradiance mapped data products, and comparisons to surface measurements. Samples of the use of the SUNY-Albany solar irradiance algorithm applied to the ISCCP data show very good agreement with high quality surface measurements. We identify the next steps in the production of the data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SOLAR Conference Proceedings is the property of American Solar Energy Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Computer algorithms
KW  - National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.)
KW  - United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 101682214; Cox, Stephen J. 1; Email Address: Stephen.J.Cox@nasa.gov; Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1; Taiping Zhang 1; Sorlie, Susan E. 1; Perez, Richard 2; Email Address: perez@asrc.cestm.albany.edu; Hemker Jr., Karl 2; Schlemmer, James 2; Kivalov, Sergey 2; Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 3; Renné, David 4; Email Address: david.renne@nrel.gov; Sengupta, Manajit 4; Bates, John 5; Knapp, Kenneth 5; Email Address: Ken.knapp@noaa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Suite 200, Hampton, VA, 23666; 2: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, 251 Fuller Road, Albany, NY 12203; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681; 4: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, CO 80401; 5: National Climate Data Center, Federal Building, 151 Patton Avenue, Asheville, NC; Issue Info: 2013, p1; Thesaurus Term: Solar energy; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject Term: Computer algorithms ; Company/Entity: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.) ; Company/Entity: United States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - McNatt, Jeremiah
T1  - Selected publications from the 22nd Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT) Conference
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 108
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 224
EP  - 224
SN  - 09270248
N1  - Accession Number: 83930534; McNatt, Jeremiah 1; Email Address: jmcnatt@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: 22nd SPRAT Conference, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jan2013, Vol. 108, p224; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.11.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Liangmin
AU  - McMillon, Lyndsey
AU  - McNatt, Jeremiah
T1  - Gas-dependent bandgap and electrical conductivity of Cu2O thin films
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 108
M3  - Article
SP  - 230
EP  - 234
SN  - 09270248
AB  - Abstract: Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a promising earth-abundant semiconductor for photovoltaic applications. Developing an understanding of the p-type conduction mechanism is vital to optimize the material. We have used a reactive magnetron sputtering system to fabricate Cu2O thin films. The bandgap, refractive index, mobility, density of hole, and electrical conductivity in the films have also been investigated. Our work shows that the films fabricated under nitrogen-rich condition exhibit wide bandgaps and low electrical conductivities while the films deposited under oxygen-rich condition have narrow bandgaps and high electrical conductivities. The results from the density functional theory are introduced to explain the gas dependence of the bandgap. A developed theoretical model based on Fermi-Dirac statistics shows that the high electrical conductivities originate from the acceptor levels located below Feimi level in the film. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Energy gaps (Physics)
KW  - Electric conductivity
KW  - Copper oxide films
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Density functionals
KW  - Refractive index
KW  - Magnetron sputtering
KW  - Bandgap
KW  - Cuprous oxide thin film
KW  - Feimi level
KW  - Hall effect
KW  - Oxide semiconductor
KW  - P-type conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 83930536; Zhang, Liangmin 1; Email Address: lzhang@astate.edu; McMillon, Lyndsey 2; McNatt, Jeremiah 2; Affiliations: 1: Arkansas Center for Laser Applications and Science, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA; 2: Photovoltaics and Power Technology Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jan2013, Vol. 108, p230; Subject Term: Energy gaps (Physics); Subject Term: Electric conductivity; Subject Term: Copper oxide films; Subject Term: Thin films; Subject Term: Density functionals; Subject Term: Refractive index; Subject Term: Magnetron sputtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bandgap; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cuprous oxide thin film; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feimi level; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hall effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxide semiconductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: P-type conductivity; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PRIVÉ, NIKKI C.
AU  - ERRICO, RONALD M.
T1  - The role of model and initial condition error in numerical weather forecasting investigated with an observing system simulation experiment.
JO  - Tellus: Series A
JF  - Tellus: Series A
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 65
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - Co-Action Publishing
SN  - 02806495
AB  - A series of experiments that explore the roles of model and initial condition error in numerical weather prediction are performed using an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) framework developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (NASA/ GMAO). The use of an OSSE allows the analysis and forecast errors to be explicitly calculated, and different hypothetical observing networks can be tested with ease. In these experiments, both a full global OSSE framework and an 'identical twin' OSSE setup are used to compare the behaviour of the data assimilation system (DAS) and evolution of forecast skill with and without model error. The initial condition error is manipulated by varying the distribution and quality of the observing network and the magnitude of observation errors. The results show that model error has a strong impact on both the quality of the analysis field and the evolution of forecast skill, including both systematic and unsystematic model error components. With a realistic observing network, the analysis state retains a significant quantity of error due to systematic model error. If errors of the analysis state are minimised, model error acts to rapidly degrade forecast skill during the first 24-48 hours of forward integration. In the presence of model error, the impact of observation errors on forecast skill is small, but in the absence of model error, observation errors cause a substantial degradation of the skill of medium-range forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Tellus: Series A is the property of Co-Action Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Numerical weather forecasting
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - data assimilation
KW  - initial condition error
KW  - model error
KW  - numerical weather prediction
KW  - OSSE
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 95950005; PRIVÉ, NIKKI C. 1,2; Email Address: Nikki.Prive@nasa.gov; ERRICO, RONALD M. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 65, p1; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER simulation; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Numerical weather forecasting; Subject Term: Weather forecasting; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: data assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: initial condition error; Author-Supplied Keyword: model error; Author-Supplied Keyword: numerical weather prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: OSSE ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.21740
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Gill, Zann
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center & Sustainable Silicon Valley, Los Altos, CA
A2  - Curley, Martin
A2  - Formica, Piero
T1  - Wikipedia: Harnessing Collaborative Intelligence
T2  - The Experimental Nature of New Venture Creation: Capitalizing on Open Innovation 2.0
PB  - Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management series. New York and Heidelberg: Springer
Y1  - 2013///
SP  - 127
EP  - 138
N1  - Accession Number: 1461655; Reviewed Book ISBN: 978-3-319-00178-4; ; Geographic Descriptors: U.S.; Geographic Region: Northern America; Publication Type: Collective Volume Article; Update Code: 201410
KW  - New Firms; Startups          M13
KW  - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights: General          O30
KW  - Management of Technological Innovation and R&D          O32
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ecn
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Painemal, D.
AU  - Zuidema, P.
T1  - The first aerosol indirect effect quantified through airborne remote sensing during VOCALS-REx.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/01/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 917
EP  - 931
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The first aerosol indirect effect (1AIE) is investigated using a combination of in situ and remotely-sensed aircraft (NCAR C-130) observations acquired during VOCALS-REx over the southeast Pacific stratocumulus cloud regime. Satellite analyses have previously identified a high albedo susceptibitility to changes in cloud microphysics and aerosols over this region. The 1AIE was broken down into the product of two independently-estimated terms: the cloud aerosol interaction metric ACIτ = d lnτ/d ln Na|LWP, and the relative albedo (A) susceptibility SR-τ = d A/3d lnτ|LWP, with τ and Na denoting retrieved cloud optical thickness and in situ aerosol concentration respectively and calculated for fixed intervals of liquid water path (LWP). ACIτ was estimated by combining in situ N a sampled below the cloud, with τ and LWP derived from, respectively, simultaneous upward-looking broadband irradiance and narrow field-of-view millimeter-wave radiometer measurements, collected at 1 Hz during four eight-hour day-time flights by the C-130 aircraft. ACIτ values were typically large, close to the physical upper limit (0.33), with a modest increase with LWP. The high ACIτ values slightly exceed values reported from many previous in situ airborne studies in pristine marine stratocumulus and reflect the imposition of a LWP constraint and simultaneity of aerosol and cloud measurements. SR-&#964t increased with LWP and τ, reached a maximum SR-&#964 (0.086) for LWP (τ) of 58 gm-2 (~14), and decreased slightly thereafter. The 1AIE thus increased with LWP and is comparable to a radiative forcing of -3.2--3.8W m-2 for a 10% increase in Na, exceeding previously-reported global-range values. The aircraft-derived values are consistent with satellite estimates derived from instantaneous, collocated Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) albedo and MOderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-retrieved droplet number concentrations at 50 km resolution. The consistency of the airborne and satellite estimates, despite their independent approaches, differences in observational scales, and retrieval assumptions, is hypothesized to reflect the ideal remote sensing conditions for these homogeneous clouds. We recommend the southeast Pacific for regional model assessments of the first aerosol indirect effect on this basis. This airborne remotely-sensed approach towards quantifying 1AIE should in theory be more robust than in situ calculations because of increased sampling. However, although the technique does not explicitly depend on a remotely-derived cloud droplet number concentration (Nd), the at-times unrealistically-high Nd values suggest more emphasis on accurate airborne radiometric measurements is needed to refine this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
N1  - Accession Number: 85950009; Painemal, D. 1; Zuidema, P. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, Fl, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p917; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-917-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial: Comments About the 2012 International Microwave Symposium Special Issue and Conference Papers Versus Journal Papers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/01/15/Jan2013 Part 2
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 339
EP  - 340
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The editor reflects on the special issue of the periodical which is based on the 2012 International Microwave Symposium held on June 17-22, 2012 in Montreal, Quebec. He mentions that due to increased number of submissions to the special issue, it has been divided into two issues the first one was published in December 2012, and the next one in January 2013. He adds that the aim behind including conference papers in the issue is to present results that might help improve engineering designs.
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - MICROWAVES -- Congresses
KW  - CONFERENCE papers
KW  - MONTREAL (Quebec)
KW  - QUEBEC (Province)
N1  - Accession Number: 85019219; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Jan2013 Part 2, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p339; Thesaurus Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Thesaurus Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: MICROWAVES -- Congresses; Subject Term: CONFERENCE papers; Subject: MONTREAL (Quebec); Subject: QUEBEC (Province); NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2231495
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xianglei
AU  - Cole, Jason N. S.
AU  - He, Fei
AU  - Potter, Gerald L.
AU  - Oreopoulos, Lazaros
AU  - Lee, Dongmin
AU  - Suarez, Max
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
T1  - Longwave Band-By-Band Cloud Radiative Effect and Its Application in GCM Evaluation.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2013/01/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 450
EP  - 467
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The cloud radiative effect (CRE) of each longwave (LW) absorption band of a GCM's radiation code is uniquely valuable for GCM evaluation because 1) comparing band-by-band CRE avoids the compensating biases in the broadband CRE comparison and 2) the fractional contribution of each band to the LW broadband CRE ( fCRE) is sensitive to cloud-top height but largely insensitive to cloud fraction, thereby presenting a diagnostic metric to separate the two macroscopic properties of clouds. Recent studies led by the first author have established methods to derive such band-by-band quantities from collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. A study is presented here that compares the observed band-by-band CRE over the tropical oceans with those simulated by three different atmospheric GCMs-the GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2 (GFDL AM2), NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5), and the fourth-generation AGCM of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma CanAM4)-forced by observed SST. The models agree with observation on the annual-mean LW broadband CRE over the tropical oceans within ±1 W m−2. However, the differences among these three GCMs in some bands can be as large as or even larger than ±1 W m−2. Observed seasonal cycles of fCRE in major bands are shown to be consistent with the seasonal cycle of cloud-top pressure for both the amplitude and the phase. However, while the three simulated seasonal cycles of fCRE agree with observations on the phase, the amplitudes are underestimated. Simulated interannual anomalies from GFDL AM2 and CCCma CanAM4 are in phase with observed anomalies. The spatial distribution of fCRE highlights the discrepancies between models and observation over the low-cloud regions and the compensating biases from different bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Atmospheric deposition
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Broadband communication systems
KW  - Cloud forcing
KW  - Model evaluation/performance
KW  - Radiation budgets
KW  - Radiative fluxes
KW  - Tropics
N1  - Accession Number: 84936922; Huang, Xianglei 1; Cole, Jason N. S. 2; He, Fei 1; Potter, Gerald L. 1; Oreopoulos, Lazaros 3; Lee, Dongmin 3,4; Suarez, Max 3; Loeb, Norman G. 5; Affiliations: 1: * Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 2: Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: Climate Dynamics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; 5: Radiation and Climate Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p450; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric deposition; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Broadband communication systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model evaluation/performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budgets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 10 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00112.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bergin, Edwin A.
AU  - Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
AU  - Gorti, Uma
AU  - Zhang, Ke
AU  - Blake, Geoffrey A.
AU  - Green, Joel D.
AU  - Andrews, Sean M.
AU  - Evans II, Neal J.
AU  - Henning, Thomas
AU  - Öberg, Karin
AU  - Pontoppidan, Klaus
AU  - Qi, Chunhua
AU  - Salyk, Colette
AU  - van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
T1  - An old disk still capable of forming a planetary system.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2013/01/31/
VL  - 493
IS  - 7434
M3  - Article
SP  - 644
EP  - 646
SN  - 00280836
AB  - From the masses of the planets orbiting the Sun, and the abundance of elements relative to hydrogen, it is estimated that when the Solar System formed, the circumstellar disk must have had a minimum mass of around 0.01 solar masses within about 100 astronomical units of the star. (One astronomical unit is the Earth-Sun distance.) The main constituent of the disk, gaseous molecular hydrogen, does not efficiently emit radiation from the disk mass reservoir, and so the most common measure of the disk mass is dust thermal emission and lines of gaseous carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide emission generally indicates properties of the disk surface, and the conversion from dust emission to gas mass requires knowledge of the grain properties and the gas-to-dust mass ratio, which probably differ from their interstellar values. As a result, mass estimates vary by orders of magnitude, as exemplified by the relatively old (3-10?million years) star TW?Hydrae, for which the range is 0.0005-0.06 solar masses. Here we report the detection of the fundamental rotational transition of hydrogen deuteride from the direction of TW?Hydrae. Hydrogen deuteride is a good tracer of disk gas because it follows the distribution of molecular hydrogen and its emission is sensitive to the total mass. The detection of hydrogen deuteride, combined with existing observations and detailed models, implies a disk mass of more than 0.05 solar masses, which is enough to form a planetary system like our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Planetary systems
KW  - Planetary orbits
KW  - Planetary theory
KW  - Astronomical observations
N1  - Accession Number: 85248293; Bergin, Edwin A. 1; Cleeves, L. Ilsedore 1; Gorti, Uma 2; Zhang, Ke 3; Blake, Geoffrey A. 4; Green, Joel D. 5; Andrews, Sean M. 6; Evans II, Neal J. 5; Henning, Thomas 7; Öberg, Karin 6; Pontoppidan, Klaus 8; Qi, Chunhua 6; Salyk, Colette 9; van Dishoeck, Ewine F. 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; 2: 1] SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043, USA [2] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 3: California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, MS 150-21, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 4: California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, MS 150-21, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 5: Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1402, Austin, Texas 78712, USA; 6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 7: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; 8: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA; 9: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA; 10: 1] Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany [2] Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Issue Info: 1/31/2013, Vol. 493 Issue 7434, p644; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Subject Term: Planetary systems; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Subject Term: Planetary theory; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11805
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, H.
AU  - Stehr, J. W.
AU  - Hains, J. C.
AU  - Krask, D. J.
AU  - Doddridge, B. G.
AU  - Vinnikov, K. Y.
AU  - Canty, T. P.
AU  - Hosley, K. M.
AU  - Salawitch, R. J.
AU  - Worden, H. M.
AU  - Dickerson, R. R.
T1  - Trends in emissions and concentrations of air pollutants in the lower troposphere in the Baltimore/Washington airshed from 1997 to 2011.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 3135
EP  - 8
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Trends in the composition of the lower atmosphere (0-1500m altitude) and surface air quality over the Baltimore/Washington area and surrounding states were investigated for the period from 1997 to 2011. We examined emissions, ground-level observations and long-term aircraft measurements to characterize trends in air pollution. The USEPA Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) program reported substantial decreases in point sources resulting from national and regional control measures; these decreases are definitely reflected in the ground-level observations. The decreasing trend of CO column contents is ~8.0 DobsonUnit(DU)decade-1, corresponding to ~350 ppbvdecade-1 in the lower troposphere. Satellite observations of long-term, near-surface CO show ~40% decrease over western Maryland between 2000 and 2011, the same magnitude as indicated by aircraft measurements over upwind regions of Baltimore/Washington aished. After compensating for inter-annual temperature variations, historical aircraft measurements suggest the daily net production of tropospheric ozone over Baltimore/Washington area decreases from ~20 ppbv in the late 1990s to ~7 ppbv in the early 2010s during the ozone season. A decrease in the long-term ozone column content is observed as ~2.0DUdecade-1 in the lowest 1500 m, corresponding to ~13 ppbvdecade-1 decrease. Back trajectory cluster analysis demonstrates that emissions of air pollutants from Ohio and Pennsylvania through Maryland influence column contents of downwind ozone in the lower atmosphere. The trends of air pollutants reveal the success of regulations implemented over the last decade and the importance of region wide emission controls over the eastern United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Continuous emission monitoring
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Cluster analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Baltimore (Md.)
KW  - Washington (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 85950130; He, H. 1,2; Email Address: hhe@atmos.umd.edu; Stehr, J. W. 1; Hains, J. C. 3; Krask, D. J. 3; Doddridge, B. G. 4; Vinnikov, K. Y. 1; Canty, T. P. 1; Hosley, K. M. 1; Salawitch, R. J. 1,2,5; Worden, H. M. 6; Dickerson, R. R. 1,2,5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; 3: Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD 21230, USA; 4: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p3135; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Continuous emission monitoring; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Cluster analysis (Statistics); Subject: Baltimore (Md.); Subject: Washington (D.C.); Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-3135-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arfeuille, F.
AU  - Luo, B. P.
AU  - Heckendorn, P.
AU  - Weisenstein, D.
AU  - Sheng, J. X.
AU  - Rozanov, E.
AU  - Schraner, M.
AU  - Brönnimann, S.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Peter, T.
T1  - Uncertainties in modelling the stratospheric warming following Mt. Pinatubo eruption.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 4601
EP  - 4635
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In terms of atmospheric impact, the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (1991) is the best characterized large eruption on record. We investigate here the stratospheric warming following the Pinatubo eruption derived from SAGE II extinction data including most recent improvements in the processing algorithm and a data filling procedure in the opacity-induced "gap" regions. From these data, which cover wavelengths of 1.024 micrometer and shorter, we derived aerosol size distributions which properly reproduce extinction coefficients at much longer wavelength. This provides a good basis for calculating the absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation and the resulting stratospheric heating. However, we also show that the use of this dataset in the global chemistry-climate model (CCM) SOCOL leads to exaggerated aerosol-induced stratospheric heating compared to observations, even partly larger than the already too high values found by many models in recent general circulation model (GCM) and CCM intercomparisons. This suggests that the overestimation of the stratospheric warming after the Pinatubo eruption arises from deficiencies in the model radiation codes rather than an insufficient observational data basis. Conversely, our approach reduces the infrared absorption in the tropical tropopause region, in better agreement with the post-volcanic temperature record at these altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Volcanic eruptions
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Stratospheric circulation
KW  - Uncertainty (Information theory)
KW  - Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines)
KW  - Philippines
N1  - Accession Number: 85950164; Arfeuille, F. 1,2; Email Address: florian.arfeuille@giub.unibe.ch; Luo, B. P. 1; Heckendorn, P. 1; Weisenstein, D. 3; Sheng, J. X. 1; Rozanov, E. 1,4; Schraner, M. 5; Brönnimann, S. 2; Thomason, L. W. 6; Peter, T. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2: Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research and Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 3: School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 4: Physical-Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland; 5: Federal office of Meteorology and Climatology, Meteoswiss, Zürich, Switzerland; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p4601; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic eruptions; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Infrared radiation; Subject Term: Stratospheric circulation; Subject Term: Uncertainty (Information theory); Subject: Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines); Subject: Philippines; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-4601-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=85950164&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Z. Q.
AU  - Gu, X.
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Li, D.
AU  - Li, K.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Schuster, G.
AU  - Goloub, P.
AU  - Zhang, Y.
AU  - Li, L.
AU  - Xie, Y.
AU  - Ma, Y.
AU  - Xu, H.
T1  - Aerosol physical and chemical properties retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements during heavy haze days in Beijing winter.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 5091
EP  - 5122
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - With the development of economy in the past thirty years, many large cities in the eastern and southwestern China are experiencing increased haze events and atmospheric pollution, causing significant impacts on the regional environment and even climate. However, knowledge on the aerosol physical and chemical properties in heavy haze conditions is still insufficient. In this study, two winter heavy haze events in Beijing occurred in 2011 and 2012 were selected and investigated by using the ground-based remote sensing measurements. We used CIMEL CE318 sun-sky radiometer to derive haze aerosol optical, physical and chemical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), size distribution, complex refractive indices and fractions of chemical components like black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), mineral dust (DU), ammonium sulfate-like (AS) components and aerosol water content (AW). The retrieval results from a total of five haze days showed that the aerosol loading and properties during the two winter haze events were relatively stable. Therefore, a parameterized heavy haze characterization was drawn to present a research case for future studies. The averaged AOD is 3.2 at 440 nm and Ångström exponent is 1.3 from 440-870 nm. The coarse particles occupied a considerable fraction of the bimodal size distribution in winter haze events, with the mean particle radius of 0.21 and 2.9 µm for the fine and coarse mode respectively. The real part of the refractive indices exhibited a relatively flat spectral behavior with an average value of 1.48 from 440 to 1020 nm. The imaginary part showed obviously spectral variation with the value at 440 nm (about 0.013) higher than other three wavelengths (e.g. about 0.008 at 675 nm). The chemical composition retrieval results showed that BC, BrC, DU, AS and AW occupied 1 %, 2 %, 49 %, 15% and 33% respectively on average for the investigated haze events. The comparison of these remote sensing results with in situ BC and PM2.5 measurements were also presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Beijing (China)
KW  - China
N1  - Accession Number: 85950175; Li, Z. Q. 1; Gu, X. 1,2; Wang, L. 1,3; Email Address: wl8394722@126.com; Li, D. 1,3; Li, K. 1; Dubovik, O. 4; Schuster, G. 5; Goloub, P. 4; Zhang, Y. 1,3; Li, L. 1,3; Xie, Y. 1,3; Ma, Y. 1; Xu, H. 1; Affiliations: 1: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellites Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2: International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; 3: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; 4: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59655, France; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p5091; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Economic development; Subject: Beijing (China); Subject: China; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-5091-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mecikalski, John R.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
T1  - Use of satellite derived cloud properties to quantify growing cumulus beneath cirrus clouds
JO  - Atmospheric Research
JF  - Atmospheric Research
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 120-121
M3  - Article
SP  - 192
EP  - 201
SN  - 01698095
AB  - Abstract: The accurate prediction of convective cloud development in advance of thunderstorm formation (so‐called “convective initiation,” CI) is a challenging forecast problem, one in which the processing of 5–15min interval imagery from geostationary satellites (e.g., Meteosat Second Generation) offers considerable promise. A present drawback to using sequences of visible or infrared (IR) satellite images to monitor growing cumulus clouds is that higher altitude cirrus clouds often obscure the view of the low‐level cumulus in the pre‐convective environment. In particular, cirrus anvils from pre‐existing convection, and cirrus caused by deep layer quasi‐geostrophic ascent, are very common in pre‐CI environments. Cloud derived parameters from GOES are used here to demonstrate how quantities like visible optical depth (τ), emittance, liquid water path, and effective particle size can be used to quantify cumulus cloud growth in advance of CI. Time rates of change of these derived quantities, as well as IR interest fields that describe cumulus cloud development rates beneath cirrus, are analyzed as τ of the cirrus are binned from 1 to >50. Results confirm that if cirrus possess τ <20, up to >90% of the “signal” in the IR interest field remains, compared to clear‐sky values, and it is proposed that CI can still be adequately nowcasted using IR channel data similar to what is done in the absence of cirrus. Similarly, cloud derived parameters become valuable as their time rates of change measure cumulus cloud growth beneath the higher clouds. In contrast, once τ values increase beyond ∼20, cumulus cloud growth signals decrease significantly through cirrus, and as τ becomes >40, little information from the cumulus remains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Altitudes
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Convective initiation
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - GOES derived cloud properties
KW  - Infrared observations
N1  - Accession Number: 83928691; Mecikalski, John R. 1; Email Address: john.mecikalski@nsstc.uah.edu; Minnis, Patrick 2; Palikonda, Rabindra 3; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805‐1912, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Feb2013, Vol. 120-121, p192; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Altitudes; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective initiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cumulus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES derived cloud properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.08.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matsuoka, A.
AU  - Hooker, S. B.
AU  - Bricaud, A.
AU  - Gentili, B.
AU  - Babin, M.
T1  - Estimating absorption coefficients of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) using a semi-analytical algorithm for southern Beaufort Sea waters: application to deriving concentrations of dissolved organic carbon from space.
JO  - Biogeosciences
JF  - Biogeosciences
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 917
EP  - 927
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 17264170
AB  - A series of papers have suggested that freshwater discharge, including a large amount of dissolved organic matter (DOM), has increased since the middle of the 20th century. In this study, a semi-analytical algorithm for estimating light absorption coefficients of the colored fraction of DOM (CDOM) was developed for southern Beaufort Sea waters using remote sensing reflectance at six wavelengths in the visible spectral domain corresponding to MODIS ocean color sensor. This algorithm allows the separation of colored detrital matter (CDM) into CDOM and non-algal particles (NAP) through the determination of NAP absorption using an empirical relationship between NAP absorption and particle backscattering coefficients. Evaluation using independent datasets, which were not used for developing the algorithm, showed that CDOM absorption can be estimated accurately to within an uncertainty of 35% and 50% for oceanic and coastal waters, respectively. A previous paper (Matsuoka et al., 2012) showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were tightly correlated with CDOM absorption in our study area (r² = 0.97). By combining the CDOM absorption algorithm together with the DOC versus CDOM relationship, it is now possible to estimate DOC concentrations in the near-surface layer of the southern Beaufort Sea using satellite ocean color data. DOC concentrations in the surface waters were estimated using MODIS ocean color data, and the estimates showed reasonable values compared to in situ measurements. We propose a routine and near real-time method for deriving DOC concentrations from space, which may open the way to an estimate of DOC budgets for Arctic coastal waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sea water analysis
KW  - Seawater -- Organic compound content
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Visible spectra
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Beaufort Sea
N1  - Accession Number: 85950262; Matsuoka, A. 1,2; Email Address: atsushi.matsuoka@takuvik.ulaval.ca; Hooker, S. B. 3; Bricaud, A. 1; Gentili, B. 1; Babin, M. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6)/ Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7093, B.P. 08, Port de la Darse, Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, 06230, France; 2: Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) -- CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Local 2078, G1V 0A6, Canada; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 616.2, Bldg. 28 Rm. W120D, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p917; Thesaurus Term: Sea water analysis; Thesaurus Term: Seawater -- Organic compound content; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Visible spectra; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Ocean color; Subject: Beaufort Sea; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bg-10-917-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cure, David
AU  - Weller, Thomas M.
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
T1  - Study of a Low-Profile 2.4-GHz Planar Dipole Antenna Using a High-Impedance Surface With 1-D Varactor Tuning.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2013/02//
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 61
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 506
EP  - 515
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - A theoretical and experimental study has been performed on a low-profile, 2.4-GHz dipole antenna that uses a frequency-selective surface (FSS) with varactor-tuned unit cells. The tunable unit cell is a square patch with a small aperture on either side to accommodate the varactor diodes. The varactors are placed only along one dimension to avoid the use of vias and simplify the dc bias network. An analytical circuit model for this type of electrically asymmetric unit cell is shown. The measured data demonstrate tunability from 2.15 to 2.63 GHz with peak gains at broadside that range from 3.7- to 5-dBi and instantaneous bandwidths of 50 to 280 MHz within the tuning range. It is shown that tuning for optimum performance in the presence of a human-core body phantom can be achieved. The total antenna thickness is approximately \lambda/45. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIPOLE antennas
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - VARACTORS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR diodes
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - FREQUENCY selective surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 85214628; Source Information: Feb2013, Vol. 61 Issue 2, p506; Subject Term: DIPOLE antennas; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: VARACTORS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR diodes; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: FREQUENCY selective surfaces; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2012.2223435
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hadley, Kristopher R.
AU  - Douglas, Marianne S. V.
AU  - Lim, Darlene
AU  - Smol, John P.
T1  - Diatom assemblages and limnological variables from 40 lakes and ponds on Bathurst Island and neighboring high Arctic islands Diatom assemblages and limnological variables from 40 lakes and ponds on Bathurst Island and neighboring high Arctic islands.
JO  - International Review of Hydrobiology
JF  - International Review of Hydrobiology
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 59
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 14342944
AB  - We examined the influence of catchment geology, specifically differences in buffering capacity, on the limnological characteristics and surface sediment diatom assemblages from lakes and ponds from Bathurst Island, High Arctic Canada. Differences in buffering capacity exist on Bathurst Island due to a geological gradient that spans from carbonate-bearing limestone in the east, to more stable quartz sandstone, siltstone, and shale in the west. We collected physical and chemical limnological data, as well as surface sediment diatom assemblages from nine ponds on the poorly buffered western portion of the island and combined these observations with a previously published dataset of 31 lakes and ponds, from the well-buffered eastern region. The addition of these nine ponds expanded the pH gradient of the existing Bathurst Island dataset (pH 8.0-8.6) to pH 6.8-8.6. A regional, weighted average diatom-inferred pH model was developed and showed strength similar to other Arctic calibration sets ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Review of Hydrobiology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Diatoms
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - Transfer functions (Mathematics)
KW  - Bathurst Island (Nunavut)
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Bathurst Island
KW  - Paleolimnology
KW  - pH transfer function
N1  - Accession Number: 85604077; Hadley, Kristopher R. 1; Douglas, Marianne S. V. 2; Lim, Darlene 3; Smol, John P. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL); 2: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta; 3: NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Space Science and Astrobiology Division; Issue Info: Feb2013, Vol. 98 Issue 1, p44; Thesaurus Term: Diatoms; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Subject Term: Transfer functions (Mathematics); Subject: Bathurst Island (Nunavut); Author-Supplied Keyword: Arctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bathurst Island; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paleolimnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: pH transfer function; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/iroh.201201449
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, J.
AU  - Park, S.
AU  - Zeng, J.
AU  - Ge, C.
AU  - Yang, K.
AU  - Carn, S.
AU  - Krotkov, N.
AU  - Omar, A. H.
T1  - Modeling of 2008 Kasatochi volcanic sulfate direct radiative forcing: assimilation of OMI SO2 plume height data and comparison with MODIS and CALIOP observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1895
EP  - 1912
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Volcanic SO2 column amount and injection height retrieved from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with the Extended Iterative Spectral Fitting (EISF) technique are used to initialize a global chemistry transport model (GEOSChem) to simulate the atmospheric transport and lifecycle of volcanic SO2 and sulfate aerosol from the 2008 Kasatochi eruption, and to subsequently estimate the direct shortwave, top-of-the-atmosphere radiative forcing of the volcanic sulfate aerosol. Analysis shows that the integrated use of OMI SO2 plume height in GEOS-Chem yields: (a) good agreement of the temporal evolution of 3-D volcanic sulfate distributions between model simulations and satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP), and (b) an e-folding time for volcanic SO2 that is consistent with OMI measurements, re- flecting SO2 oxidation in the upper troposphere and stratosphere is reliably represented in the model. However, a consistent (~25 %) low bias is found in the GEOS-Chem simulated SO2 burden, and is likely due to a high (~20 %) bias of cloud liquid water amount (as compared to the MODIS cloud product) and the resultant stronger SO2 oxidation in the GEOS meteorological data during the first week after eruption when part of SO2 underwent aqueous-phase oxidation in clouds. Radiative transfer calculations show that the forcing by Kasatochi volcanic sulfate aerosol becomes negligible 6 months after the eruption, but its global average over the first month is -1.3 Wm-2, with the majority of the forcing-influenced region located north of 20° N, and with daily peak values up to -2 Wm-2 on days 16-17. Sensitivity experiments show that every 2 km decrease of SO2 injection height in the GEOS-Chem simulations will result in a ~25% decrease in volcanic sulfate forcing; similar sensitivity but opposite sign also holds for a 0.03 µm increase of geometric radius of the volcanic aerosol particles. Both sensitivities highlight the need to characterize the SO2 plume height and aerosol particle size from space. While more research efforts are warranted, this study is among the first to assimilate both satellite-based SO2 plume height and amount into a chemical transport model for an improved simulation of volcanic SO2 and sulfate transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Volcanic eruptions
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Iterative methods (Mathematics)
KW  - Kasatochi Volcano (Alaska)
KW  - Alaska
N1  - Accession Number: 85950741; Wang, J. 1; Email Address: jwang7@unl.edu; Park, S. 1; Zeng, J. 1; Ge, C. 1,2; Yang, K. 3,4; Carn, S. 5; Krotkov, N. 4; Omar, A. H. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA; 2: State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; 3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 4: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA; 6: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p1895; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Thesaurus Term: Sulfur dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic eruptions; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Iterative methods (Mathematics); Subject: Kasatochi Volcano (Alaska); Subject: Alaska; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-1895-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hodge, Andrew
AU  - Dambaugh, Gabriel
T1  - Analysis of thermally induced stresses on the core node bonds of a co-cured sandwich panel.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 474
SN  - 00219983
AB  - During process development testing of the ARES I composite interstage, large regions of node disbonds were observed in the aluminum honeycomb core. The sandwich panels were composed of carbon fiber/epoxy face sheets and one-eighth inch cell size aluminum core co-cured in an autoclave. Node disbonds were initially observed after cure with ultrasonic inspection and subsequently confirmed with X-ray inspection and cross sectioning. A stress analysis was performed on the residual thermal stresses resulting from post-cure cool down. Analysis indicated that the thermal stresses in the aluminum core are a function of foil thickness of the aluminum core. Thermal stresses are relieved through disbonding of the adhesive node. The node disbonds were shown to significantly reduce the shear capability of the sandwich structure. Funding was provided by the ARES I Upper Stage Project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - THERMAL stresses
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - carbon fiber composite
KW  - induced thermal stress
KW  - node disbonds
KW  - Sandwich structure
N1  - Accession Number: 85148627; Hodge, Andrew 1; Dambaugh, Gabriel; Source Information: Feb2013, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p467; Subject: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: ALUMINUM; Subject: CARBON fibers; Subject: THERMAL stresses; Subject: THICKNESS measurement; Subject: CHEMICAL bonds; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon fiber composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: induced thermal stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: node disbonds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich structure; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3374
L3  - 10.1177/0021998312441654
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peterson, David
AU  - Wang, Jun
AU  - Ichoku, Charles
AU  - Hyer, Edward
AU  - Ambrosia, Vincent
T1  - A sub-pixel-based calculation of fire radiative power from MODIS observations: 1: Algorithm development and initial assessment
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 129
M3  - Article
SP  - 262
EP  - 279
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Developed as a quantitative measurement of fire intensity, fire radiative power (FRP) and the potential applications to smoke plume injection heights, are currently limited by the pixel resolution of a satellite sensor. As a result, this study, the first in a two-part series, develops a new sub-pixel-based calculation of fire radiative power (FRPf) for fire pixels detected at 1km2 nominal spatial resolution by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire detection algorithm (collection 5), which is subsequently applied to several large wildfire events in California. The methodology stems from the heritage of earlier bi-spectral retrievals of sub-pixel fire area and temperature. However, in the current investigation, a radiative transfer model is incorporated to remove solar effects and account for atmospheric effects as a function of Earth-satellite geometry at 3.96 and 11μm (MODIS fire detection channels). The retrieved sub-pixel fire (flaming) area is assessed via the multispectral, high-resolution data (3–50m) obtained from the Autonomous Modular Sensor (AMS), flown aboard the NASA Ikhana unmanned aircraft. With fire sizes ranging from 0.001 to 0.02km2, pixel-level fire area comparisons between MODIS and AMS are highly variable, regardless of the viewing zenith angle, and show a low bias with a modest correlation (R=0.59). However, when lower confidence fire pixels and point-spread-function effects (fire hot spots on the pixel edge) are removed, the correlation becomes much stronger (R=0.84) and the variability between MODIS and AMS is reduced. To account for these random errors via averaging, two clustering techniques are employed and the resulting AMS and MODIS comparisons of fire area, after correcting for overlapping MODIS pixels, are even more encouraging (R=0.91). Drawing from the retrieved fire area and temperature, the FRPf is calculated and compared to the current MODIS pixel area-based FRP. While the two methods are strongly correlated (R=0.93), the FRPf, in combination with retrieved fire cluster area, allows a large fire burning at a low intensity to be separated from a small fire burning at a high intensity. Similarly, the flux of FRPf over the retrieved fire area can be calculated, allowing for improved estimates of smoke plume injection heights in modeling studies and creating potential applications for the future VIIRS and GOES-R fire detection algorithms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Solar radiation -- Physiological effect
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Astrodynamics
KW  - Airborne
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Fire
KW  - Fire area
KW  - Fire detection
KW  - Fire radiative power (FRP)
KW  - Fire temperature
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Sub-pixel
KW  - Wildfire
N1  - Accession Number: 84553092; Peterson, David 1; Email Address: david.peterson@huskers.unl.edu; Wang, Jun 1; Email Address: jwang7@unl.edu; Ichoku, Charles 2; Email Address: charles.m.ichoku@nasa.gov; Hyer, Edward 3; Email Address: edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil; Ambrosia, Vincent 4; Email Address: vincent.g.ambrosia@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Naval Research Laboratory, 7 Grace Hopper Avenue, Monterey, CA 93940, USA; 4: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-4; Room 128, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Issue Info: Feb2013, Vol. 129, p262; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Thesaurus Term: Solar radiation -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Astrodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomass burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire area; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire radiative power (FRP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-pixel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Fressin, François
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Désert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Lopez, Eric D.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Adams, Elisabeth R.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Barrado, David
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
T1  - A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2013/02/28/
VL  - 494
IS  - 7438
M3  - Article
SP  - 452
EP  - 454
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Since the discovery of the first exoplanets, it has been known that other planetary systems can look quite unlike our own. Until fairly recently, we have been able to probe only the upper range of the planet size distribution, and, since last year, to detect planets that are the size of Earth or somewhat smaller. Hitherto, no planets have been found that are smaller than those we see in the Solar System. Here we report a planet significantly smaller than Mercury. This tiny planet is the innermost of three that orbit the Sun-like host star, which we have designated Kepler-37. Owing to its extremely small size, similar to that of the Moon, and highly irradiated surface, the planet, Kepler-37b, is probably rocky with no atmosphere or water, similar to Mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Astronomy
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Planets
KW  - Planetary systems
KW  - Mercury (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 85776479; Barclay, Thomas 1; Rowe, Jason F. 2; Lissauer, Jack J. 3; Huber, Daniel 3; Fressin, François 4; Howell, Steve B. 3; Bryson, Stephen T. 3; Chaplin, William J. 5; Désert, Jean-Michel 4; Lopez, Eric D. 6; Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7; Mullally, Fergal 2; Ragozzine, Darin 8; Torres, Guillermo 4; Adams, Elisabeth R. 4; Agol, Eric 9; Barrado, David 10; Basu, Sarbani 11; Bedding, Timothy R. 12; Buchhave, Lars A. 13; Affiliations: 1: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 First Street West, Sonoma, California 95476, USA; 2: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK; 6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA; 7: Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; 8: 1] Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, Florida 32111, USA; 9: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; 10: 1] Calar Alto Observatory, Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán, Calle Jesús Durbán Remón, E-04004 Almería, Spain [2] Departamento Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología, ESAC campus, PO Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain; 11: Department and Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; 12: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; 13: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Issue Info: 2/28/2013, Vol. 494 Issue 7438, p452; Thesaurus Term: Astronomy; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Planetary systems; Subject Term: Mercury (Planet); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11914
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lathem, T. L.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Winstead, E. L.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Hecobian, A.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Weber, R. J.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Nenes, A.
T1  - Analysis of CCN activity of Arctic aerosol and Canadian biomass burning during summer 2008.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2735
EP  - 2756
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The NASA DC-8 aircraft characterized the aerosol properties, chemical composition, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations of the summertime Arctic during the 2008 NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. Air masses characteristic of fresh and aged biomass burning, boreal forest, Arctic background, and anthropogenic industrial pollution were sampled. Observations were spatially extensive (50-85° N and 40-130° W) and exhibit significant variability in aerosol and CCN concentrations. The chemical composition was dominated by highly oxidized organics (66-94%by volume), with a water-soluble mass fraction of more than 50 %. The aerosol hygroscopicity parameter, k, ranged between k =0.08-0.32 for all air mass types. Industrial pollution had the lowest k of 0.08±0.01, while the Arctic background had the highest and most variable k of 0.32±0.21, resulting from a lower and more variable organic fraction. Both fresh and aged (long-range transported) biomass burning air masses exhibited remarkably similar k (0.18±0.13), consistent with observed rapid chemical and physical aging of smoke emissions in the atmosphere, even in the vicinity of fresh fires. The organic hygroscopicity (korg) was parameterized by the volume fraction of water-soluble organic matter (εWSOM), with a k =0.12, such that korg = 0.12εWSOM. Assuming bulk (size-independent) composition and including the korg parameterization enabled CCN predictions to within 30% accuracy for nearly all environments sampled. The only exception was for industrial pollution from Canadian oil sands exploration, where an external mixture and size-dependent composition was required. Aerosol mixing state assumptions (internal vs. external) in all other environments did not significantly affect CCN predictions; however, external mixing assumption provided the best results, even though the available observations could not determine the true degree of external mixing and therefore may not always be representative of the environments sampled. No correlation was observed between korg and O: C. A novel correction of the CCN instrument supersaturation for water vapor depletion, resulting from high concentrations of CCN, was also employed. This correction was especially important for fresh biomass burning plumes where concentrations exceeded 1.5×104 cm-3 and introduced supersaturation depletions of ≥25 %. Not accounting for supersaturation depletion in these high concentration environments would therefore bias CCN closure up to 25% and inferred k by up to 50 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Industrial pollution
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Condensation (Meteorology)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - McDonnell Douglas DC-8 (Jet transport)
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Canada
N1  - Accession Number: 87634663; Lathem, T. L. 1; Beyersdorf, A. J. 2; Thornhill, K. L. 2,3; Winstead, E. L. 2,3; Cubison, M. J. 4,5; Hecobian, A. 1,6; Jimenez, J. L. 4; Weber, R. J. 1; Anderson, B. E. 2; Nenes, A. 1,7; Email Address: athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Tofwerk AG, Thun, Switzerland; 6: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA; 7: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 5, p2735; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Industrial pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Condensation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: McDonnell Douglas DC-8 (Jet transport); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject: Canada; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-2735-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nair, P. J.
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, S.
AU  - Kuttippurath, J.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Goutail, F.
AU  - Pazmiño, A.
AU  - Froidevaux, L.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Evans, R. D.
AU  - Pastel, M.
T1  - Ozone trends derived from the total column and vertical profiles at a northern mid-latitude station.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 7081
EP  - 7112
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The trends and variability of ozone are assessed over a northern mid-latitude station, Haute-Provence Observatory (OHP -- 43.93° N, 5.71° E), using total column ozone observations from the Dobson and Systéme d'Analyse par Observation Zénithale spectrometers, and stratospheric ozone profile measurements from Light detection and ranging, ozonesondes, Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II, Halogen Occultation Experiment and Aura Microwave Limb Sounder. A multi-variate regression model with quasi biennial oscillation (QBO), solar flux, aerosol optical thickness, heat flux, North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and piecewise linear trend (PWLT) or Equivalent Effective Stratospheric Chlorine (EESC) functions is applied to the ozone anomalies. The maximum variability of ozone in winter/spring is explained by QBO and heat flux in 15-45km and in 15-24 km, respectively. The NAO shows maximum influence in the lower stratosphere during winter while the solar flux influence is largest in the lower and middle stratosphere in summer. The total column ozone trends estimated from the PWLT and EESC functions are of -1.39±0.26 and -1.40±0.25Duyr-1, respectively over 1984-1996 and about 0.65±0.32 and 0.42±0.08 DUyr-1, respectively over 1997-2010. The ozone profiles yield similar and significant EESC-based and PWLT trends in 1984-1996 and are about -0.5 and -0.8%yr-1 in the lower and upper stratosphere, respectively. In 1997-2010, the EESC-based and PWLT trends are significant and of order 0.3 and 0.1%yr-1, respectively in the 18-28km range, and at 40-45 km, EESC provides significant ozone trends larger than the insignificant PWLT results. Therefore, this analysis unveils ozone recovery signals from total column ozone and profile measurements at OHP, and hence in the mid-latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric chlorine
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Meteorological stations
KW  - Regression analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 87630478; Nair, P. J. 1; Email Address: gopalapi@aero.jussieu.fr; Godin-Beekmann, S. 1; Kuttippurath, J. 1; Ancellet, G. 1; Goutail, F. 1; Pazmiño, A. 1; Froidevaux, L. 2; Zawodny, J. M. 3; Evans, R. D. 4; Pastel, M. 1; Affiliations: 1: UPMC Université Paris 06, Université Versailles-Saint-Quentin, UMR8190, LATMOS-IPSL, CNRS/INSU, Paris, France; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p7081; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Atmospheric chlorine; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Meteorological stations; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-7081-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patadia, F.
AU  - Kahn, R. A.
AU  - Limbacher, J. A.
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
T1  - Aerosol airmass type mapping over the urban Mexico City region from space-based multi-angle imaging.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 7931
EP  - 7978
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Using Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) and sub-orbital measurements from the 2006 INTEX-B/MILAGRO field campaign, in this study we demonstrate MISR's ability to map different aerosol air mass types over the Mexico City metropolitan area. The aerosol air mass distinctions are based on shape, size and single scattering albedo retrievals from the MISR Research Aerosol Retrieval algorithm. In this region, the research algorithm identifies dust-dominated aerosol mixtures based on non-spherical particle shape, whereas spherical biomass burning and urban pollution particles are distinguished by particle size. Four distinct aerosol air masses are identified in the MISR data on 6 March 2006; these results are supported by coincident, airborne highspectral- resolution lidar (HSRL) measurements. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) gradients are also consistent between the MISR and sub-orbital measurements, but particles having SSA558 ≈0.7 must be included in the retrieval algorithm to produce good absolute AOD comparisons over pollution-dominated aerosol air masses. The MISR standard V22 AOD product, at 17.6 km resolution, captures the observed AOD gradients qualitatively, but retrievals at this coarse spatial scale and with limited spherical absorbing particle options underestimate AOD and do not retrieve particle properties adequately over this complex urban region. However, we demonstrate how AOD and aerosol type mapping can be accomplished with MISR data over urban regions, provided the retrieval is performed at sufficiently high spatial resolution, and with a rich enough set of aerosol components and mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - MISR (Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer)
KW  - Atomic orbitals
KW  - Metropolitan areas
KW  - Single scattering (Optics)
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 87630498; Patadia, F. 1,2; Email Address: falguni.patadia@nasa.gov; Kahn, R. A. 2; Limbacher, J. A. 2,3; Burton, S. P. 4; Ferrare, R. A. 4; Hostetler, C. A. 4; Hair, J. W. 4; Affiliations: 1: Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p7931; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Subject Term: MISR (Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Atomic orbitals; Subject Term: Metropolitan areas; Subject Term: Single scattering (Optics); Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-7931-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87630498&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoyle, C. R.
AU  - Engel, I.
AU  - Luo, B. P.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Grooß, J. -U.
AU  - Peter, T.
T1  - Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds -- Part 1: Nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT).
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 7979
EP  - 8021
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Satellite based observations during the Arctic winter of 2009/2010 provide firm evidence that, in contrast to the current understanding, the nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) in the polar stratosphere does not only occur on preexisting ice particles. In order to explain the NAT clouds observed over the Arctic in mid December 2009, a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism is required, occurring via immersion freezing on the surface of solid particles, likely of meteoritic origin. For the first time, a detailed microphysical modelling of this NAT formation pathway has been carried out. Heterogeneous NAT formation was calculated along more than sixty thousand trajectories, ending at Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP) observation points. Comparing the optical properties of the modelled NAT with these observations enabled the thorough validation of a newly developed NAT nucleation parameterisation, which has been built into the Zurich Optical and Microphysical box Model (ZOMM). The parameterisation is based on active site theory, is simple to implement in models and provides substantial advantages over previous approaches which involved a constant rate of NAT nucleation in a given volume of air. It is shown that the new method is capable of reproducing observed PSCs very well, despite the varied conditions experienced by air parcels travelling along the different trajectories. In a companion paper, ZOMM is applied to a later period of the winter, when ice PSCs are also present, and it is shown that the observed PSCs are also represented extremely well under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Hydrates
N1  - Accession Number: 87630499; Hoyle, C. R. 1,2; Email Address: christopher.hoyle@env.ethz.ch; Engel, I. 2; Luo, B. P. 2; Pitts, M. C. 3; Poole, L. R. 4; Grooß, J. -U. 5; Peter, T. 2; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland; 2: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; 5: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung -- Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p7979; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Hydrates; Number of Pages: 43p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-7979-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, James R.
AU  - Reid, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Westphal, Douglas L.
AU  - Zhang, Jianglong
AU  - Tackett, Jason L.
AU  - Chew, Boon Ning
AU  - Welton, Ellsworth J.
AU  - Shimizu, Atsushi
AU  - Sugimoto, Nobuo
AU  - Aoki, Kazuma
AU  - Winker, David M.
T1  - Characterizing the vertical profile of aerosol particle extinction and linear depolarization over Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent: The 2007–2009 view from CALIOP
JO  - Atmospheric Research
JF  - Atmospheric Research
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 520
EP  - 543
SN  - 01698095
AB  - Abstract: Vertical profiles of 0.532μm aerosol particle extinction coefficient and linear volume depolarization ratio are described for Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent. Quality-screened and cloud-cleared Version 3.01 Level 2 NASA Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) 5-km Aerosol Profile datasets are analyzed from 2007 to 2009. Numerical simulations from the U.S. Naval Aerosol Analysis and Predictive System (NAAPS), featuring two-dimensional variational assimilation of NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer quality-assured datasets, combined with regional ground-based lidar measurements, are considered for assessing CALIOP retrieval performance, identifying bias, and evaluating regional representativeness. CALIOP retrievals of aerosol particle extinction coefficient and aerosol optical depth (AOD) are high over land and low over open waters relative to NAAPS (0.412/0.312 over land for all data points inclusive, 0.310/0.235 when the per bin average is used and each is treated as single data points; 0.102/0.151 and 0.086/0.124, respectively, over ocean). Regional means, however, are very similar (0.180/0.193 for all data points and 0.155/0.159 when averaged per normalized bin), as the two factors offset one another. The land/ocean offset is investigated, and discrepancies attributed to interpretation of particle composition and a-priori assignment of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (“lidar ratio”) necessary for retrieving the extinction coefficient from CALIOP signals. Over land, NAAPS indicates more dust present than CALIOP algorithms are identifying, indicating a likely assignment of a higher lidar ratio representative of more absorptive particles. NAAPS resolves more smoke over water than identified with CALIOP, indicating likely usage of a lidar ratio characteristic of less absorptive particles to be applied that biases low AOD there. Over open waters except within the Bay of Bengal, aerosol particle scattering is largely capped below 1.5km MSL, though ground-based lidar measurements at Singapore differ slightly from this finding. Significant aerosol particle presence over land is similarly capped near 3.0km MSL over most regions. Particle presence at low levels regionally, except over India, is dominated by relatively non-depolarizing particles. Industrial haze, sea salt droplets and fresh smoke are thus most likely present. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Particles
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - United States
KW  - Southeast Asia
KW  - Aerosol composition
KW  - Aerosol particle scattering
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Maritime Continent
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85278998; Campbell, James R. 1; Email Address: james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil; Reid, Jeffrey S. 1; Westphal, Douglas L. 1; Zhang, Jianglong 2; Tackett, Jason L. 3; Chew, Boon Ning 4; Welton, Ellsworth J. 5; Shimizu, Atsushi 6; Sugimoto, Nobuo 6; Aoki, Kazuma 7; Winker, David M. 8; Affiliations: 1: Aerosol and Radiation Sciences Section, Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Folks, ND, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications Inc., c/o NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Center for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 6: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; 7: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 122, p520; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Particles; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Subject: United States; Subject: Southeast Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol particle scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maritime Continent ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BRAUN, SCOTT A.
AU  - KAKAR, RAMESH
AU  - ZIPSER, EDWARD
AU  - HEYMSFIELD, GERALD
AU  - ALBERS, CERESE
AU  - BROWN, SHANNON
AU  - DURDEN, STEPHEN L.
AU  - GUIMOND, STEPHEN
AU  - HALVERSON, JEFFERY
AU  - HEYMSFIELD, ANDREW
AU  - ISMAIL, SYED
AU  - LAMBRIGTSEN, BJORN
AU  - MILLER, TIMOTHY
AU  - TANELLI, SIMONE
AU  - THOMAS, JANEL
AU  - ZAWISLAK, JON
T1  - NASA'S GENESIS AND RAPID INTENSIFICATION PROCESSES (GRIP) FIELD EXPERIMENT.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 94
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 345
EP  - 363
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - In August-September 2010, NASA, NOAA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) conducted separate but closely coordinated hurricane field campaigns, bringing to bear a combined seven aircraft with both new and mature observing technologies. NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment, the subject of this article, along with NOAA's Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX) and NSF's Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) experiment, obtained unprecedented observations of the formation and intensification of tropical cyclones. The major goal of GRIP was to better understand the physical processes that control hurricane formation and intensity change, specifically the relative roles of environmental and inner-core processes. A key focus of GRIP was the application of new technologies to address this important scientific goal, including the first ever use of the unmanned Global Hawk aircraft for hurricane science operations. NASA and NOAA conducted coordinated flights to thoroughly sample the rapid intensification (RI) of Hurricanes Earl and Karl. The tri-agency aircraft teamed up to perform coordinated flights for the genesis of Hurricane Karl and Tropical Storm Matthew and the non-redevelopment of the remnants of Tropical Storm Gaston. The combined GRIPIFEX- PREDICT datasets, along with remote sensing data from a variety of satellite platforms [Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Aqua, Terra, CloudSat, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)], will contribute to advancing understanding of hurricane formation and intensification. This article summarizes the GRIP experiment, the missions flown, and some preliminary findings.  INSETS: NEW HURRICANE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY;ECS PARTICIPATION AND SUPPORT DURING GRIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hurricanes
KW  - Cyclone forecasting
KW  - Cyclones -- Tropics
KW  - United States
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 87049214; BRAUN, SCOTT A. 1; Email Address: scott.a.braun@nasa.gov; KAKAR, RAMESH 2; ZIPSER, EDWARD 3; HEYMSFIELD, GERALD 1; ALBERS, CERESE 4; BROWN, SHANNON 5; DURDEN, STEPHEN L. 5; GUIMOND, STEPHEN 1,6; HALVERSON, JEFFERY 7; HEYMSFIELD, ANDREW 8; ISMAIL, SYED 9; LAMBRIGTSEN, BJORN 5; MILLER, TIMOTHY 10; TANELLI, SIMONE 5; THOMAS, JANEL 7; ZAWISLAK, JON 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 2: NASA, Washington, D. C.; 3: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 4: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 6: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; 7: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 8: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 10: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 94 Issue 3, p345; Thesaurus Term: Hurricanes; Subject Term: Cyclone forecasting; Subject Term: Cyclones -- Tropics; Subject: United States ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00232.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Chao
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Martin, Richard E.
AU  - Kohlman, Lee W.
T1  - Experimental and FEM study of thermal cycling induced microcracking in carbon/epoxy triaxial braided composites
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 44
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: The microcrack distribution and mass change in T700s/PR520 and T700s/3502 carbon/epoxy braided composites exposed to thermal cycling was evaluated experimentally. Acoustic emission was utilized to record the crack initiation and propagation under cyclic thermal loading between −55°C and 120°C. Transverse microcrack morphology was investigated using X-ray computed tomography. The differing performance of two kinds of composites was discovered and analyzed. Based on the observations of microcrack formation, a meso-mechanical finite element model was developed to obtain the resultant mechanical properties. The simulation results exhibited a decrease in strength and stiffness with increasing crack density. Strength and stiffness reduction versus crack densities in different orientations were compared. The changes of global mechanical behavior in both axial and transverse loading conditions were studied. By accounting for the obtained reduction of mechanical properties, a macro-mechanical finite element model was utilized to investigate the influence of microcracking on the high-speed impact behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)
KW  - B. Environmental degradation
KW  - B. Impact behaviour
KW  - B. Transverse cracking
N1  - Accession Number: 85022045; Zhang, Chao 1; Email Address: cz14@zips.uakron.edu; Binienda, Wieslaw K. 1; Email Address: wieslaw@uakron.edu; Morscher, Gregory N. 2; Email Address: gm33@uakron.edu; Martin, Richard E. 3; Email Address: Richard.e.martin-1@nasa.gov; Kohlman, Lee W. 4; Email Address: lee.w.kohlman@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Akron, 302 Buchtel Common, Akron, OH 44325, USA; 2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, 302 Buchtel Common, Akron, OH 44325, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA; 4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 46, p34; Thesaurus Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Environmental degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Impact behaviour; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Transverse cracking; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.10.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85022045&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simacek, Pavel
AU  - Advani, Suresh G.
AU  - Gruber, Mark
AU  - Jensen, Brian
T1  - A non-local void filling model to describe its dynamics during processing thermoplastic composites
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 165
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Abstract: A model is developed to describe the void dynamics within thermoplastic composite tape during the tape placement process. The model relates the volatile pressure in voids, the applied compaction load, fiber bed response and the resin pressure due to squeeze-flow of resin from resin-rich regions to fill void regions. This model relies on some geometric simplifications, but incorporates the relevant physical phenomena. This void consolidation model was implemented in a numerical code which predicts the void development during the process. The initial void geometry can be introduced either manually, using a random generation algorithm or from actual processed tape micrographs. The model predicts that the final void content depends on the original void content but also on the initial void distribution. Presented results analyze the influence of void distribution on tape consolidation. Limitations of the consolidation process rate by the resin squeeze flow pressures are clearly demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - THERMOPLASTIC composites
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - A. Polymer–matrix composites
KW  - B. Porosity
KW  - E. Tape
N1  - Accession Number: 85022059; Simacek, Pavel 1; Email Address: psimacek@udel.edu; Advani, Suresh G. 1; Gruber, Mark 2; Jensen, Brian 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Composite Materials and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States; 2: Accudyne Systems Inc., 210 Executive Dr Suite 5 Newark, DE 19702, United States; 3: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics & Space Administration Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 46, p154; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: THERMOPLASTIC composites; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer–matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Porosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Tape; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2012.10.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85022059&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buckwalter, Patrick
AU  - Embaye, Tsegereda
AU  - Gormly, Sherwin
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - Dewatering microalgae by forward osmosis
JO  - Desalination
JF  - Desalination
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 312
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 22
SN  - 00119164
AB  - Abstract: Microalgae are known to be an excellent source of biofuels, but many issues surrounding the scale and economics of their cultivation have yet to be resolved. In particular, dewatering methods, such as centrifugation and tangential flow filtration, are prohibitively energy intensive. In this study, forward osmosis (FO) is considered as a partial dewatering method for microalgae growing on wastewater in a marine environment. Using artificial seawater as the draw solution, average dewatering rates of 2l/m2 membrane/h (range 1.8–2.4l/m2 h) were observed and volumes decreased by 65–85%. For a single membrane, daily dewatering rates did not significantly change in 14 consecutive experiments. Hourly dewatering rates did not gradually decrease, as might be expected; instead the dewatering rate oscillated throughout each experiment. Exposing an FO membrane in the ocean for 45days caused significant biofouling on its surface, but its dewatering rate did not change. Exposing three FO membranes in the ocean for 52days also caused significant biofouling, but in this experiment all membranes developed leaks that allowed saltwater to pass. These experiments suggest that FO may be an energy-saving step in dewatering freshwater microalgae if an appropriate draw solution is available and if conditions are controlled to prevent leakage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Desalination is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Water -- Filtration
KW  - Microalgae
KW  - Biomass energy
KW  - Wastewater treatment
KW  - Marine ecology
KW  - Osmosis
KW  - Artificial seawater
KW  - Membrane separation
KW  - a common microalgal growth medium ( BG-11 )
KW  - Biofouling
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - Dewatering
KW  - forward osmosis ( FO )
KW  - liter per square meter of membrane per hour ( l/m2 h )
KW  - Microalgae harvesting
KW  - OMEGA
N1  - Accession Number: 85279618; Buckwalter, Patrick 1; Embaye, Tsegereda 2; Gormly, Sherwin 1; Trent, Jonathan D. 3; Email Address: jonathan.d.trent@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association, 10211 Wincopin Circle, Suite 500 Columbia, MD 21044-3432, USA; 2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 312, p19; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Filtration; Thesaurus Term: Microalgae; Thesaurus Term: Biomass energy; Thesaurus Term: Wastewater treatment; Thesaurus Term: Marine ecology; Subject Term: Osmosis; Subject Term: Artificial seawater; Subject Term: Membrane separation; Author-Supplied Keyword: a common microalgal growth medium ( BG-11 ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofouling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dewatering; Author-Supplied Keyword: forward osmosis ( FO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: liter per square meter of membrane per hour ( l/m2 h ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Microalgae harvesting; Author-Supplied Keyword: OMEGA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=85279618&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stomeo, Francesca
AU  - Valverde, Angel
AU  - Pointing, Stephen
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley
AU  - Tuffin, Marla
AU  - Seely, Mary
AU  - Cowan, Don
T1  - Hypolithic and soil microbial community assembly along an aridity gradient in the Namib Desert.
JO  - Extremophiles
JF  - Extremophiles
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 337
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14310651
AB  - The Namib Desert is considered the oldest desert in the world and hyperarid for the last 5 million years. However, the environmental buffering provided by quartz and other translucent rocks supports extensive hypolithic microbial communities. In this study, open soil and hypolithic microbial communities have been investigated along an East-West transect characterized by an inverse fog-rainfall gradient. Multivariate analysis showed that structurally different microbial communities occur in soil and in hypolithic zones. Using variation partitioning, we found that hypolithic communities exhibited a fog-related distribution as indicated by the significant East-West clustering. Sodium content was also an important environmental factor affecting the composition of both soil and hypolithic microbial communities. Finally, although null models for patterns in microbial communities were not supported by experimental data, the amount of unexplained variation (68-97 %) suggests that stochastic processes also play a role in the assembly of such communities in the Namib Desert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Extremophiles is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil microbiology
KW  - Soil composition
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Multivariate analysis
KW  - Namib Desert (Namibia)
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Hypoliths
KW  - Namib Desert
KW  - Niche
KW  - Soils
N1  - Accession Number: 85860555; Stomeo, Francesca; Email Address: f.stomeo@cgiar.org; Valverde, Angel; Pointing, Stephen 1; McKay, Christopher 2; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley 2; Tuffin, Marla 3; Seely, Mary 4; Cowan, Don; Email Address: don.cowan@up.ac.za; Affiliations: 1: School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142 New Zealand; 2: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field 94035 USA; 3: Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town South Africa; 4: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, P.O. Box 20232 Windhoek Namibia; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p329; Thesaurus Term: Soil microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Soil composition; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Subject Term: Multivariate analysis; Subject Term: Namib Desert (Namibia); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Namib Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Niche; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soils; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00792-013-0519-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burr, Devon M.
AU  - Perron, J. Taylor
AU  - Lamb, Michael P.
AU  - Irwin III, Rossman P.
AU  - Collins, Geoffrey C.
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Sklar, Leonard S.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Ádámkovics, Máté
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Drummond, Sarah A.
AU  - Black, Benjamin A.
T1  - Fluvial features on Titan: Insights from morphology and modeling.
JO  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
JF  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 125
IS  - 3-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 321
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00167606
AB  - Fluvial features on Titan have been identified in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data taken during spacecraft flybys by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper (RADAR) and in Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) images taken during descent of the Huygens probe to the surface. Interpretations using terrestrial analogs and process mechanics extend our perspective on fluvial geomorphology to another world and offer insight into their formative processes. At the landscape scale, the varied morphologies of Titan's fluvial networks imply a variety of mechanical controls, including structural influence, on channelized flows. At the reach scale, the various morphologies of individual fluvial features, implying a broad range of fluvial processes, suggest that (paleo-)flows did not occupy the entire observed width of the features. DISR images provide a spatially limited view of uplands dissected by valley networks, also likely formed by overland flows, which are not visible in lower-resolution SAR data. This high-resolution snapshot suggests that some fluvial features observed in SAR data may be river valleys rather than channels, and that uplands elsewhere on Titan may also have fine-scale fluvial dissection that is not resolved in SAR data. Radar-bright terrain with crenulated bright and dark bands is hypothesized here to be a signature of fine-scale fluvial dissection. Fluvial deposition is inferred to occur in braided channels, in (paleo)lake basins, and on SAR-dark plains, and DISR images at the surface indicate the presence of fluvial sediment. Flow sufficient to move sediment is inferred from observations and modeling of atmospheric processes, which support the inference from surface morphology of precipitation-fed fluvial processes . With material properties appropriate for Titan, terrestrial hydraulic equations are applicable to flow on Titan for fully turbulent flow and rough boundaries. For low-Reynolds-number flow over smooth boundaries, however, knowledge of fluid kinematic viscosity is necessary. Sediment movement and bed form development should occur at lower bed shear stress on Titan than on Earth. Scaling bedrock erosion, however, is hampered by uncertainties regarding Titan material properties. Overall, observations of Titan point to a world pervasively influenced by fluvial processes, for which appropriate terrestrial analogs and formulations may provide insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Society of America Bulletin is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fluvial geomorphology
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Viscosity
KW  - Synthetic aperture radar
KW  - Huygens' principle
N1  - Accession Number: 86894854; Burr, Devon M. 1; Email Address: dburr1@utk.edu; Perron, J. Taylor 2; Lamb, Michael P. 3; Irwin III, Rossman P. 4; Collins, Geoffrey C. 5; Howard, Alan D. 6; Sklar, Leonard S. 7; Moore, Jeffrey M. 8; Ádámkovics, Máté 9; Baker, Victor R. 10; Drummond, Sarah A. 1; Black, Benjamin A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1410, USA; 2: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; 3: Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, MC 170-25, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 4: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 315, 6th Street at Independence Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA; 5: Physics and Astronomy Department, Wheaton College, 26 E. Main Street, Norton, Massachusetts 02766, USA; 6: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4123, USA; 7: Department of Geosciences, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, California 94132, USA; 8: Space Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center , MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 9: Astronomy Department, University of California, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3411, USA; 10: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, The University of Arizona, J.W. Harshbarger Building, Room 246, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0011, USA; Issue Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 125 Issue 3-4, p299; Thesaurus Term: Fluvial geomorphology; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Viscosity; Subject Term: Synthetic aperture radar; Subject Term: Huygens' principle; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/B30612.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=86894854&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kessler, Paul D.
AU  - Killough, Brian D.
AU  - Gowda, Sanjay
AU  - Williams, Brian R.
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Qu, Min
T1  - CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE) Tool for Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1081
EP  - 1087
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Increasingly, data from multiple instruments are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Intercalibration, comparison, and coordination of satellite instrument coverage areas is a critical effort of international and domestic space agencies and organizations. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Visualization Environment (COVE) is a suite of browser-based applications that leverage Google Earth to display past, present, and future satellite instrument coverage areas and coincident calibration opportunities. This forecasting and ground coverage analysis and visualization capability greatly benefits the remote sensing calibration community in preparation for multisatellite ground calibration campaigns or individual satellite calibration studies. COVE has been developed for use by a broad international community to improve the efficiency and efficacy of such calibration planning efforts, whether those efforts require past, present, or future predictions. This paper provides a brief overview of the COVE tool, its validation, accuracies, and limitations with emphasis on the applicability of this visualization tool for supporting ground field campaigns and intercalibration of satellite instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - IPAD (Computer)
KW  - Acquisition
KW  - Calibration
KW  - CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE)
KW  - coincident ground observation
KW  - Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)
KW  - Communities
KW  - Earth
KW  - Google
KW  - Instruments
KW  - iPad
KW  - iPhone
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - satellites
KW  - Simplified General Perturbation 4 (SGP4)
KW  - swath
KW  - Systems Tool Kit (STK)
KW  - Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV)
KW  - GOOGLE Inc.
N1  - Accession Number: 85921425; Kessler, Paul D. 1; Killough, Brian D. 2; Gowda, Sanjay 1; Williams, Brian R. 1; Chander, Gyanesh 3; Qu, Min 1; Affiliations: 1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 2: CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1081; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: IPAD (Computer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Acquisition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE); Author-Supplied Keyword: coincident ground observation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Google; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: iPad; Author-Supplied Keyword: iPhone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simplified General Perturbation 4 (SGP4); Author-Supplied Keyword: swath; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systems Tool Kit (STK); Author-Supplied Keyword: Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV) ; Company/Entity: GOOGLE Inc. Ticker: GOOG; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2235841
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85921425&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Morstad, Daniel
AU  - Scarino, Benjamin R.
AU  - Bhatt, Rajendra
AU  - Gopalan, Arun
T1  - The Characterization of Deep Convective Clouds as an Invariant Calibration Target and as a Visible Calibration Technique.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1147
EP  - 1159
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Deep convective clouds (DCCs) are ideal visible calibration targets because they are bright nearly isotropic solar reflectors located over the tropics and they can be easily identified using a simple infrared threshold. Because all satellites view DCCs, DCCs provide the opportunity to uniformly monitor the stability of all operational sensors, both historical and present. A collective DCC anisotropically corrected radiance calibration approach is used to construct monthly probability distribution functions (PDFs) to monitor sensor stability. The DCC calibration targets were stable to within 0.5\% and 0.3 \% per decade when the selection criteria were optimized based on Aqua MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 0.65-\mu\m-band radiances. The Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), African, and South American regions were identified as the dominant DCC domains. For the 0.65-\mu\m band, the PDF mode statistic is preferable, providing 0.3\% regional consistency and 1\% temporal uncertainty over land regions. It was found that the DCC within the TWP had the lowest radiometric response and DCC over land did not necessarily have the highest radiometric response. For wavelengths greater than 1 \mu\m, the mean statistic is preferred, and land regions provided a regional variability of 0.7 \% with a temporal uncertainty of 1.1 \% where the DCC land response was higher than the response over ocean. Unlike stratus and cirrus clouds, the DCC spectra were not affected by water vapor absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - Aqua MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Clouds
KW  - deep convective clouds (DCCs)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - pseudoinvariant calibration targets
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - visible imager calibration
N1  - Accession Number: 85921405; Doelling, David R. 1; Morstad, Daniel 2; Scarino, Benjamin R. 2; Bhatt, Rajendra 2; Gopalan, Arun 2; Affiliations: 1: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1147; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep convective clouds (DCCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: pseudoinvariant calibration targets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: visible imager calibration; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2225066
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85921405&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Scarino, Benjamin R.
AU  - Morstad, Daniel
AU  - Gopalan, Arun
AU  - Bhatt, Rajendra
AU  - Lukashin, Constantine
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - The Intercalibration of Geostationary Visible Imagers Using Operational Hyperspectral SCIAMACHY Radiances.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1245
EP  - 1254
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Spectral band differences between sensors can complicate the process of intercalibration of a visible sensor against a reference sensor. This can be best addressed by using a hyperspectral reference sensor whenever possible because they can be used to accurately mitigate the band differences. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using operational Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) large-footprint hyperspectral radiances to calibrate geostationary Earth-observing (GEO) sensors. Near simultaneous nadir overpass measurements were used to compare the temporal calibration of SCIAMACHY with Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer band radiances, which were found to be consistent to within 0.44% over seven years. An operational SCIAMACHY/GEO ray-matching technique was presented, along with enhancements to improve radiance pair sampling. These enhancements did not bias the underlying intercalibration and provided enough sampling to allow up to monthly monitoring of the GEO sensor degradation. The results of the SCIAMACHY/GEO intercalibration were compared with other operational four-year Meteosat-9 0.65-\mu\m calibration coefficients and were found to be within 1% of the gain, and more importantly, it had one of the lowest temporal standard errors of all the methods. This is more than likely that the GEO spectral response function could be directly applied to the SCIAMACHY radiances, whereas the other operational methods inferred a spectral correction factor. This method allows the validation of the spectral corrections required by other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Geostationary visible imager calibration
KW  - Hyperspectral sensors
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY)
KW  - Sensors
KW  - spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF)
KW  - Standards
N1  - Accession Number: 85921415; Doelling, David R. 1; Scarino, Benjamin R. 2; Morstad, Daniel 2; Gopalan, Arun 2; Bhatt, Rajendra 2; Lukashin, Constantine 1; Minnis, Patrick 1; Affiliations: 1: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1245; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Thesaurus Term: HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geostationary visible imager calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Standards; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2227760
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85921415&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Mishra, Nischal
AU  - Helder, Dennis L.
AU  - Aaron, David B.
AU  - Angal, Amit
AU  - Choi, Taeyoung
AU  - Xiong, Xiaoxiong
AU  - Doelling, David R.
T1  - Applications of Spectral Band Adjustment Factors (SBAF) for Cross-Calibration.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1267
EP  - 1281
SN  - 01962892
AB  - To monitor land surface processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, it is critical to have coordinated observations of the Earth's surface acquired from multiple spaceborne imaging sensors. However, an integrated global observation framework requires an understanding of how land surface processes are seen differently by various sensors. This is particularly true for sensors acquiring data in spectral bands whose relative spectral responses (RSRs) are not similar and thus may produce different results while observing the same target. The intrinsic offsets between two sensors caused by RSR mismatches can be compensated by using a spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF), which takes into account the spectral profile of the target and the RSR of the two sensors. The motivation of this work comes from the need to compensate the spectral response differences of multispectral sensors in order to provide a more accurate cross-calibration between the sensors. In this paper, radiometric cross-calibration of the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors was performed using near-simultaneous observations over the Libya 4 pseudoinvariant calibration site in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The RSR differences of the analogous ETM+ and MODIS spectral bands provide the opportunity to explore, understand, quantify, and compensate for the measurement differences between these two sensors. The cross-calibration was initially performed by comparing the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances between the two sensors over their lifetimes. The average percent differences in the long-term trends ranged from -5% to +6%. The RSR compensated ETM+ TOA reflectance (ETM+ ^\ast) measurements were then found to agree with MODIS TOA reflectance to within 5% for all bands when Earth Observing-1 Hyperion hyperspectral data were used to produce the SBAFs. These differences were later reduced to within 1% for all bands (except band 2) by using Environmental Satellite Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography hyperspectral data to produce the SBAFs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in ecology
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Earth
KW  - Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion
KW  - Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY)
KW  - Hyperspectral sensors
KW  - Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - radiometric cross-calibration
KW  - relative spectral response (RSR)
KW  - Sensors
KW  - spectral band adjustment factors (SBAFs)
KW  - Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 85921406; Chander, Gyanesh 1; Mishra, Nischal 2; Helder, Dennis L. 2; Aaron, David B. 2; Angal, Amit 3; Choi, Taeyoung 4; Xiong, Xiaoxiong 5; Doelling, David R. 6; Affiliations: 1: SGT, Inc., Sioux Falls, USA; 2: South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; 4: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, USA; 5: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt , MD, USA; 6: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1267; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in ecology; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometric cross-calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: relative spectral response (RSR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectral band adjustment factors (SBAFs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85921406&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henry, Patrice
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Fougnie, Bertrand
AU  - Thomas, Colin
AU  - Xiong, Xiaoxiong
T1  - Assessment of Spectral Band Impact on Intercalibration Over Desert Sites Using Simulation Based on EO-1 Hyperion Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1297
EP  - 1308
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Since the beginning of the 1990s, stable desert sites have been used for the calibration monitoring of many different sensors. Many attempts at sensor intercalibration have been also conducted using these stable desert sites. As a result, site characterization techniques and the quality of intercalibration techniques have gradually improved over the years. More recently, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites has recommended a list of reference pseudo-invariant calibration sites for frequent image acquisition by multiple agencies. In general, intercalibration should use well-known or spectrally flat reference. The reflectance profile of desert sites, however, might not be flat or well characterized (from a fine spectral point of view). The aim of this paper is to assess the expected accuracy that can be reached when using desert sites for intercalibration. In order to have a well-mastered estimation of different errors or error sources, this study is performed with simulated data from a hyperspectral sensor. Earth Observing-1 Hyperion images are chosen to provide the simulation input data. Two different cases of intercalibration are considered, namely, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus with Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Environmental Satellite MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) with Aqua MODIS. The simulation results have confirmed that intercalibration accuracy of 1% to 2% can be achieved between sensors, provided there are a sufficient number of available measurements. The simulated intercalibrations allow explaining results obtained during real intercalibration exercises and to establish some recommendations for the use of desert sites for intercalibration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - DESERTS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Earth
KW  - Envisat MERIS
KW  - EO-1 Hyperion
KW  - intercalibration
KW  - L7 ETM+
KW  - MODIS
KW  - radiometric calibration
KW  - reflected solar band
KW  - relative spectral response (RSR)
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Sensor phenomena and characterization
KW  - simulation
KW  - Terra and Aqua MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 85921408; Henry, Patrice 1; Chander, Gyanesh 2; Fougnie, Bertrand 1; Thomas, Colin 3; Xiong, Xiaoxiong 4; Affiliations: 1: Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse Cedex 9, France; 2: SGT, Inc., Sioux Falls, USA; 3: Thales Services, Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex, France; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt , MD, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1297; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: DESERTS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Envisat MERIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: EO-1 Hyperion; Author-Supplied Keyword: intercalibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: L7 ETM+; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflected solar band; Author-Supplied Keyword: relative spectral response (RSR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor phenomena and characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra and Aqua MODIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228210
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85921408&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lukashin, Constantine
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Young, David F.
AU  - Thome, Kurt
AU  - Jin, Zhonghai
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
T1  - Uncertainty Estimates for Imager Reference Inter-Calibration With CLARREO Reflected Solar Spectrometer.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1425
EP  - 1436
SN  - 01962892
AB  - One of the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission objectives is to provide a high accuracy calibration standard on orbit to enable inter-calibration of existing sensors. In order to perform an accurate inter-calibration of imaging radiometers, such as VIIRS, one must take into account instrument sensitivity to polarization of incoming light. Even if the sensitivity to polarization of an instrument is established or known on orbit, the knowledge of the polarization state of reflected light is required to make relevant radiometric corrections. In the case when coincident polarimetric measurements are not available, we propose to use a combination of empirical and theoretical models to predict the polarization of solar reflected light at the top-of-atmosphere. We used observations from on-orbit polarimeter PARASOL to derive a global set of empirical Polarization Distribution Models (PDM) as a function of scene type and viewing geometry. The PDM accuracy for the mean values is estimated to match the 3% PARASOL uncertainty in its polarization measurements. The instantaneous single sample uncertainty of the prototype PDMs for the linear degree of polarization is contained within 15%. We also present the formalism and numeric estimates for resulting uncertainty for inter-calibration of an imaging radiometer with the CLARREO reference observations, including uncertainty due to instrument sensitivity to polarization. The uncertainty estimates consider a range of scenarios with varying data sampling, uncertainty of polarization, and imaging radiometer sensitivity to polarization. These results are used to recommend CLARREO mission requirements relevant to reference inter-calibration and polarization effects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Atmospheric modeling
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Oceans
KW  - polarization
KW  - radiometry
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 85921421; Lukashin, Constantine 1; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Young, David F. 1; Thome, Kurt 2; Jin, Zhonghai 3; Sun, Wenbo 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1425; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oceans; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2233480
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85921421&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Biswas, Sayak K.
AU  - Farrar, Spencer
AU  - Gopalan, Kaushik
AU  - Santos-Garcia, Andrea
AU  - Jones, W. Linwood
AU  - Bilanow, Stephen
T1  - Intercalibration of Microwave Radiometer Brightness Temperatures for the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1465
EP  - 1477
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A technique for comparing spaceborne microwave radiometer brightness temperatures (Tb) is described in the context of the upcoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The GPM mission strategy is to measure precipitation globally with high temporal resolution by using a constellation of satellite radiometers logically united by the GPM core satellite, which will be in a non-sun-synchronous medium inclination orbit. The usefulness of the combined product depends on the consistency of precipitation retrievals from the various microwave radiometers. The Tb calibration requirement to achieve such consistency demands first that Tb's from the individual radiometers be free of instrument and measurement artifacts and, second, that these self-consistent Tb's will be translated to a common standard (GPM core) for the unification of the precipitation retrieval. The intersatellite radiometric calibration technique described herein serves both the purposes by comparing individual radiometer observations to radiative transfer model (RTM) simulations (for “self-consistency” check) and by using a double-difference technique (to establish a linear calibration transfer function from one radiometer to another). This double-difference technique subtracts the RTM-simulated difference from the observed difference between a pair of radiometer Tb's. To establish a linear inter-radiometer calibration transfer function, comparisons at both the cold (ocean) and the warm (land) end of the Tb's are necessary so that, using these two points, slope and offset coefficients are determined. To this end, a simplified calibration transfer technique at the warm end (over the Amazon and Congo rain forest) is introduced. Finally, an error model is described that provides an estimate of the uncertainty of the radiometric bias estimate between comparison radiometer channels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - MICROWAVE radiometers
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric modeling
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Intersatellite Radiometer Calibration Working Group (XCAL)
KW  - Instruments
KW  - intersatellite radiometric calibration
KW  - microwave radiometry
KW  - Ocean temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 85921400; Biswas, Sayak K. 1; Farrar, Spencer 2; Gopalan, Kaushik 3; Santos-Garcia, Andrea 4; Jones, W. Linwood 2; Bilanow, Stephen 5; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville , AL, USA; 2: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, USA; 3: Space Applications Center, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India; 4: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA; 5: Wyle Information Systems, McLean, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1465; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: MICROWAVE radiometers; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Intersatellite Radiometer Calibration Working Group (XCAL); Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: intersatellite radiometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2217148
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85921400&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial: 2012 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1005
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The ten papers in this special section were presented at the IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, Montreal, QC, Canada, June 17-19, 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO frequency integrated circuits
KW  - IEEE 802.11 (Standard)
KW  - Integrated circuits
KW  - Meetings
KW  - Radio frequency
KW  - Special issues and sections
N1  - Accession Number: 85988403; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p1005; Subject Term: RADIO frequency integrated circuits; Subject Term: IEEE 802.11 (Standard); Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meetings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Special issues and sections; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2244371
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=85988403&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, John E.
AU  - Adamovsky, Grigory
AU  - Gucker, Sarah Nowak
AU  - Blankson, Isaiah M.
T1  - A Comparative Study of the Time-Resolved Decomposition of Methylene Blue Dye Under the Action of a Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed DBD Plasma Jet Using Liquid Chromatography and Spectrophotometry.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2013/03//
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 512
SN  - 00933813
AB  - An underwater dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet excited by a repetitively pulsed nanosecond pulsed power modulator was used to study plasma-induced decolorization of a 1.4 \times 10^-4\ \M solution of methylene blue (MB). Past plasma decolorization studies have focused on spectrophotometry as the main diagnostic to assess decomposition. Because spectrophotometry is a measure of changes in the structure of molecular color, it is not an absolute measure of decomposition. In this paper, high-pressure liquid chromatography is used in parallel with spectrophotometry for comparison purposes and to assess the degree of true decomposition. Spectrophotometry results were found to be in agreement with chromatography measurements, suggesting that, at least in the case of MB, spectrophotometry is an adequate measure of decomposition. Additionally, the utility of a dual plasma jet applicator for rapid contaminant decomposition was explored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - PULSED power systems
KW  - PLASMA jets
KW  - MODULATORS (Electronics)
KW  - LIQUID chromatography
KW  - METHYLENE blue
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
N1  - Accession Number: 85988435; Source Information: Mar2013, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p503; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: PULSED power systems; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; Subject Term: MODULATORS (Electronics); Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography; Subject Term: METHYLENE blue; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2013.2245426
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=85988435&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan
AU  - Potsdam, Mark
AU  - Wissink, Andrew
AU  - Buvaneswari Jayaraman!
AU  - Datta, Anubhav
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri
AU  - Saberi, Hossein
T1  - Rotor Loads Prediction Using Helios: A Multisolver Framework for Rotorcraft Aeromechanics Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 478
EP  - 492
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper documents the prediction of UH-6OA Black Hawk aerodynamic loading using the multisolver Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics analysis framework for rotorcraft Hellos for a range of critical steady forward flight conditions. Comparisons with available flight test data are provided for all of the predictions. The Hellos framework combines multiple solvers and multiple grid paradigms (unstructured and adaptive Cartesian) such that the advantages of each paradigm is preserved. Further, the software is highly automated for execution and designed in a modular fashion to minimize the burden on both the users and developers. The technical approach presented herein provides details of all of the participant modules and the interfaces used for their integration into the software framework. The results composed of sectional aerodynamic loading and wake visualizations are presented. Solution-based adapative mesh refinement, a salient feature of the Hellos framework, is explored for all flight conditions and comparisons are provided for both aerodynamic loading and vortex wake structure with and without adaptive mesh refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Defense
KW  - COMPUTER-aided design
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Design & construction
N1  - Accession Number: 87628093; Source Information: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p478; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: UNITED States. Dept. of Defense; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided design; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031897
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=87628093&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Correia Grácio, Bruno Jorge
AU  - Valente Pais, Ana Rita
AU  - van Paassen, M. M. (René)
AU  - Mu1der, Max
AU  - Kelly, Lon C.
AU  - Houck, Jacob A.
T1  - Optimal and Coherence Zone Comparison Within and Between Flight Simulators.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 507
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In flight simulation, motion.cueing algorithms are used to transform aircraft motion into motion within the simulator limits. When looking for the best match between visual and inertial amplitude in a simulator, researchers have found that there is a range of inertial amplitudes, rather than a single inertial value, that is perceived by subjects as optimal. This zone, hereafter referred to as the optimal zone, seems to correlate to the perceptual coherence zones measured in flight simulators. However, no studies were found in which these two zones were compired. This study investigates the relation between the optimal and the coherence-zone measurements within and between different simulators. An experiment was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center, where two simulators were used to measure the optimal and the coherence zone in the sway axis. Results show that the optimal zone lies within the coherence zone. The center of the optimal zone is significantly lower than the center of the coherence zone. In addition, it was found that, whereas the width of the coherence zone depends on the visual amplitude and frequency, the width of the optimal zone remains constanL No statistical differences between the two simulators were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT simulators
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
KW  - FOURIER transforms
N1  - Accession Number: 87628094; Source Information: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p493; Subject Term: FLIGHT simulators; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Subject Term: FOURIER transforms; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031870
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=87628094&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
T1  - Investigation of UH-60A Rotor Performance and Loads at High Advance Ratios.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 576
EP  - 589
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Wind tunnel measurements of the performance, airloads, and structural loads of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor operating at high advance ratios (up to 1.0) are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Dynamics II to understand physics and quantify this comprehensive code's accuracy and reliability in the prediction of rotor performance and loads at high-advance ratios. Detailed comparisons are made on rotor thrust, control angles, power, and section loads to illustrate and understand unique aeromechanics phenomena in this regime. The analysis correctly predicts the thrust reversal with collective at high advance ratios. Rotor induced plus profile power is also reasonably well predicted with proper modeling of the shank. Airloads and structural loads correlation is fair. A significant underprediction of 2-per-revolution structural loads is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Mathematical models
KW  - BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics) -- Mathematical models
N1  - Accession Number: 87628101; Source Information: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p576; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter); Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics) -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031958
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=87628101&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Burkett, Cecil G.
AU  - Weistroffer, George R.
AU  - Hugo, Derek R.
T1  - Experimental investigation into infrasonic emissions from atmospheric turbulence.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 133
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1269
EP  - 1280
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Clear air turbulence (CAT) is the leading cause of in-flight injuries and in severe cases can result in fatalities. The purpose of this work is to design and develop an infrasonic array network for early warning of clear air turbulence. The infrasonic system consists of an infrasonic three-microphone array, compact windscreens, and data management system. Past experimental efforts to detect acoustic emissions from CAT have been limited. An array of three infrasonic microphones, operating in the field at NASA Langley Research Center, on several occasions received signals interpreted as infrasonic emissions from CAT. Following comparison with current lidar and other past methods, the principle of operation, the experimental methods, and experimental data are presented for case studies and confirmed by pilot reports. The power spectral density of the received signals was found to fit a power law having an exponent of -6 to -7, which is found to be characteristics of infrasonic emissions from CAT, in contrast to findings of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - INFRASONIC waves
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 85914816; Shams, Qamar A. 1; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 2; Burkett, Cecil G. 2; Weistroffer, George R. 2; Hugo, Derek R. 3; Affiliations: 1 : Mail Stop 238, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; 2 : Analytical Services and Materials, 107 Research Drive, Hampton, Virginia 23666-1340; 3 : Rochester Institute of Technology, 1 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623-5603;  Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 133 Issue 3, p1269; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: INFRASONIC waves; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.4776180
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mah&AN=85914816&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watson, Andrew B.
T1  - High Frame Rates and Human Vision: A View Through the Window of Visibility.
JO  - SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal
JF  - SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 122
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 32
SN  - 15450279
AB  - The article focuses on the high frame rates and human vision for digital cinema. It is mentioned that frame rates and processing have a large impact on the presence of artifacts in the final outcome. In order to determine artifact a tool, window of visibility, is applied which is a simple representation of human visual sensitivity to spatial and temporal frequencies. Further, it shows the capture and display of movies in signal processing terms and also presents several steps in the process.
KW  - Digital cinematography
KW  - Antiquities
KW  - Spatial systems
KW  - Motion picture cameras
KW  - Motion pictures -- Production & direction
KW  - Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers
N1  - Accession Number: 86175412; Watson, Andrew B. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Senior scientist, vision research, NASA Ames Research Center, California;  Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 122 Issue 2, p18; Subject Term: Digital cinematography; Subject Term: Antiquities; Subject Term: Spatial systems; Subject Term: Motion picture cameras; Subject Term: Motion pictures -- Production & direction; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - f3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Cecil, L. DeWayne
AU  - Horton, Radley M.
AU  - Gordón, Román
AU  - McCollum, Raymond
AU  - Brown, Douglas
AU  - Killough, Brian
AU  - Goldberg, Richard
AU  - Greeley, Adam P.
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
T1  - Climate change impact uncertainties for maize in Panama: Farm information, climate projections, and yield sensitivities
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2013/03/15/
VL  - 170
M3  - Article
SP  - 132
EP  - 145
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: We present results from a pilot project to characterize and bound multi-disciplinary uncertainties around the assessment of maize (Zea mays) production impacts using the CERES-Maize crop model in a climate-sensitive region with a variety of farming systems (Panama). Segunda coa (autumn) maize yield in Panama currently suffers occasionally from high water stress at the end of the growing season, however under future climate conditions warmer temperatures accelerate crop maturation and elevated CO2 concentrations improve water retention. This combination reduces end-of-season water stresses and eventually leads to small mean yield gains according to median projections, although accelerated maturation reduces yields in seasons with low water stresses. Calibrations of cultivar traits, soil profile, and fertilizer amounts are most important for representing baseline yields, however sensitivity to all management factors are reduced in an assessment of future yield changes (most dramatically for fertilizers), suggesting that yield changes may be more generalizable than absolute yields.Uncertainty around GCMs’ projected changes in rainfall gain in importance throughout the century, with yield changes strongly correlated with growing season rainfall totals. Climate changes are expected to be obscured by the large interannual variations in Panamanian climate that will continue to be the dominant influence on seasonal maize yield into the coming decades. The relatively high (A2) and low (B1) emissions scenarios show little difference in their impact on future maize yields until the end of the century. Uncertainties related to the sensitivity of CERES-Maize to carbon dioxide concentrations have a substantial influence on projected changes, and remain a significant obstacle to climate change impacts assessment. Finally, an investigation into the potential of simple statistical yield emulators based upon key climate variables characterizes the important uncertainties behind the selection of climate change metrics and their performance against more complex process-based crop model simulations, revealing a danger in relying only on long-term mean quantities for crop impact assessment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Corn yields
KW  - Agricultural systems
KW  - Plant varieties
KW  - Corn -- Climatic factors
KW  - Agricultural information networks
KW  - Pilot projects
KW  - Panama
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Crop modeling
KW  - GCM ensembles
KW  - Maize
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 85173324; Ruane, Alex C. 1,2; Email Address: alexander.c.ruane@nasa.gov; Cecil, L. DeWayne 3; Horton, Radley M. 1,2; Gordón, Román 4; McCollum, Raymond 5; Brown, Douglas 5; Killough, Brian 6; Goldberg, Richard 2; Greeley, Adam P. 2; Rosenzweig, Cynthia 1,2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA; 2: Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, NY, USA; 3: NOAA, National Climatic Data Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; 4: Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá, Los Santos, Panama; 5: Booze-Allen-Hamilton, Norfolk, VA, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, VA, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 170, p132; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Corn yields; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural systems; Thesaurus Term: Plant varieties; Subject Term: Corn -- Climatic factors; Subject Term: Agricultural information networks; Subject Term: Pilot projects; Subject: Panama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCM ensembles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maize; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111150 Corn Farming; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Lambert, A.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - An assessment of CALIOP polar stratospheric cloud composition classification.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/03/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2975
EP  - 2988
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This study assesses the robustness of the CALIOP (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) composition classification algorithm - which is based solely on the spaceborne lidar data - through the use of nearly coincident gas-phase HNO3 and H2O data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on Aura and Goddard Earth Observing System Model, Version 5 (GEOS-5) temperature analyses. Following the approach of Lambert et al. (2012), we compared the observed temperature-dependent HNO3 uptake by PSCs in the various CALIOP composition classes with modeled uptake for supercooled ternary solutions (STS) and equilibrium nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). We examined the CALIOP PSC data record from both polar regions over the period from 2006 through 2011 and over a range of potential temperature levels spanning the 15-30 km altitude range. We found that most PSCs identified as STS exhibit gas phase uptake of HNO3 consistent with theory, but with a small temperature bias, similar to Lambert et al. (2012). Ice PSC classification is also robust in the CALIOP optical data, with the mode in the ice observations occurring about 0.5K below the frost point. We found that CALIOP PSCs identified as NAT mixtures exhibit two distinct preferred modes which reflect the fact that the growth of NAT particles is kinetically limited. One mode is significantly out of thermodynamic equilibrium with respect to NAT due to short exposure times to temperatures below the NAT existence temperature, TNAT, with HNO3 uptake dominated by the more numerous liquid droplets. The other NAT mixture mode is much closer to NAT thermodynamic equilibrium, indicating that the particles have been exposed to temperatures below TNAT for extended periods of time. With a few notable exceptions, PSCs in the various composition classes conform well to their expected temperature existence regimes. We have a good understanding of the cause of the minor misclassifications that do occur and will investigate means to correct these deficiencies in our next generation algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Space-based radar
N1  - Accession Number: 87634674; Pitts, M. C. 1; Email Address: michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov; Poole, L. R. 2; Lambert, A. 3; Thomason, L. W. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 6, p2975; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Optical polarization; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Space-based radar; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-2975-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roberts, Y. L.
AU  - Pilewskie, P.
AU  - Kindel, B. C.
AU  - Feldman, D. R.
AU  - Collins, W. D.
T1  - Quantitative comparison of the variability in observed and simulated shortwave reflectance.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/03/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3133
EP  - 3147
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) is a climate observation system that has been designed to monitor the Earth's climate with unprecedented absolute radiometric accuracy and SI traceability. Climate Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) have been generated to simulate CLARREO hyperspectral shortwave imager measurements to help define the measurement characteristics needed for CLARREO to achieve its objectives. To evaluate how well the OSSEsimulated reflectance spectra reproduce the Earth's climate variability at the beginning of the 21st century, we compared the variability of the OSSE reflectance spectra to that of the reflectance spectra measured by the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY). Principal component analysis (PCA) is a multivariate decomposition technique used to represent and study the variability of hyperspectral radiation measurements. Using PCA, between 99.7%and 99.9%of the total variance the OSSE and SCIAMACHY data sets can be explained by subspaces defined by six principal components (PCs). To quantify how much information is shared between the simulated and observed data sets, we spectrally decomposed the intersection of the two data set subspaces. The results from four cases in 2004 showed that the two data sets share eight (January and October) and seven (April and July) dimensions, which correspond to about 99.9% of the total SCIAMACHY variance for each month. The spectral nature of these shared spaces, understood by examining the transformed eigenvectors calculated from the subspace intersections, exhibit similar physical characteristics to the original PCs calculated from each data set, such as water vapor absorption, vegetation reflectance, and cloud reflectance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Shortwave radio
KW  - Atmospheric radio refractivity
KW  - Optical measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 87634684; Roberts, Y. L. 1,2,3; Email Address: yolanda.l.roberts@nasa.gov; Pilewskie, P. 1,2; Kindel, B. C. 2; Feldman, D. R. 4; Collins, W. D. 4,5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Colorado - Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Science, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, USA; 5: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 6, p3133; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radiation; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Subject Term: Shortwave radio; Subject Term: Atmospheric radio refractivity; Subject Term: Optical measurements; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-3133-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Tackett, J. L.
AU  - Getzewich, B. J.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
T1  - The global 3-D distribution of tropospheric aerosols as characterized by CALIOP.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/03/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3345
EP  - 3361
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The CALIOP lidar, carried on the CALIPSO satellite, has been acquiring global atmospheric profiles since June 2006. This dataset now offers the opportunity to characterize the global 3-D distribution of aerosol as well as seasonal and interannual variations, and confront aerosol models with observations in a way that has not been possible before. With that goal in mind, a monthly global gridded dataset of daytime and nighttime aerosol extinction profiles has been constructed, available as a Level 3 aerosol product. Averaged aerosol profiles for cloud-free and all-sky conditions are reported separately. This 6-yr dataset characterizes the global 3-dimensional distribution of tropospheric aerosol. Vertical distributions are seen to vary with season, as both source strengths and transport mechanisms vary. In most regions, clear-sky and all-sky mean aerosol profiles are found to be quite similar, implying a lack of correlation between high semi-transparent cloud and aerosol in the lower troposphere. An initial evaluation of the accuracy of the aerosol extinction profiles is presented. Detection limitations and the representivity of aerosol profiles in the upper troposphere are of particular concern. While results are preliminary, we present evidence that the monthly-mean CALIOP aerosol profiles provide quantitative characterization of elevated aerosol layers in major transport pathways. Aerosol extinction in the free troposphere in clean conditions, where the true aerosol extinction is typically 0.001 km-1 or less, is generally underestimated, however. The work described here forms an initial global 3-D aerosol climatology which we plan to extend and improve over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Tropospheric aerosols
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Three-dimensional imaging
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Quantitative chemical analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 87634697; Winker, D. M. 1; Email Address: david.m.winker@nasa.gov; Tackett, J. L. 2; Getzewich, B. J. 2; Liu, Z. 2; Vaughan, M. A. 1; Rogers, R. R. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS/475,Hampton, VA, USA; 2: SSAI, Hampton, VA, c/o NASA LaRC, MS/475, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 6, p3345; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Tropospheric aerosols; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Three-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Quantitative chemical analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs, 9 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-3345-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gyekenyesi, Andrew
T1  - Integrating nondestructive inspections with autonomic logistics and structural health monitoring strategies for aeronautic systems.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2013/03/15/
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 574
EP  - 583
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - In recent years, there has been much activity concerning health management of aviation systems. Many government- and industry-based research projects/programs are focused on integrated vehicle health management strategies that include sensor development for automated or manual fault detection, diagnostics, prognostics to define remaining useful life, as well as mitigation plans for continued safe operation during a fault. The overall objectives for such activities include increased safety as well as efficient and economic operation of an aircraft fleet. Currently, to assess structural faults, visual inspections and/or nondestructive inspection techniques are utilized as a required routine for certain design and life management strategies. The inspections are manually involved and are carried out during aircraft downtime (e.g. on the runway or nightly hangar maintenance) or during a more extensive aircraft overhaul. Even with the potential of automated structural health monitoring within an integrated vehicle health management system, it is foreseen that manual and nondestructive inspections will continue to be an integral part of fleet life management. This article addresses and clarifies the role of nondestructive inspections in aircraft life management and its potential inclusion in future integrated vehicle health management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - STRATEGIC planning
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - FLEET aircraft
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - Autonomic structures
KW  - sensor
KW  - structural health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 86021935; Gyekenyesi, Andrew 1; Affiliations: 1: Ohio Aerospace Institute/NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p574; Thesaurus Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Thesaurus Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Thesaurus Term: STRATEGIC planning; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: FLEET aircraft; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomic structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural health monitoring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6397
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X12464281
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - Probing an Extrasolar Planet.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/03/22/
VL  - 339
IS  - 6126
M3  - Article
SP  - 1393
EP  - 1394
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article describes the discovery and study of extrasolar planets, known as exoplanets, as of March 2013, focusing on the use of high-resolution spectroscopy to determine atmospheric compositions and possible origins. An article contained in the issue which concerns the exoplanet HR8799c is discussed. According to the article, methane has not been observed in the atmosphere inferred of HR8799c. Giant planet formation theories including gravitational instability and core accretion are mentioned.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Detection
KW  - Planets -- Observations
KW  - Atmospheres of extrasolar planets
KW  - Origin of planets
N1  - Accession Number: 86688215; Marley, Mark S. 1; Email Address: mark.s.marley@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 3/22/2013, Vol. 339 Issue 6126, p1393; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Detection; Subject Term: Planets -- Observations; Subject Term: Atmospheres of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Origin of planets; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1235078
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Rausch, Patricia D.
T1  - NASA Advisory Council; Science Committee; Earth Science Subcommittee; Meeting.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2013/03/26/
VL  - 78
IS  - 58
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 18373
EP  - 18373
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on the Earth Science Subcommittee teleconference of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advisory Council (NAC) to be held on April 11, 2013.
KW  - TELECONFERENCING
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 86876440; Rausch, Patricia D. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advisory Committee Management Officer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 3/26/2013, Vol. 78 Issue 58, p18373; Thesaurus Term: TELECONFERENCING; Subject: UNITED States ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561499 All Other Business Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geissler, Paul E.
AU  - Stantzos, Nicholas W.
AU  - Bridges, Nathan T.
AU  - Bourke, Mary C.
AU  - Silvestro, Simone
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
T1  - Shifting sands on Mars: insights from tropical intra-crater dunes.
JO  - Earth Surface Processes & Landforms
JF  - Earth Surface Processes & Landforms
Y1  - 2013/03/30/
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 407
EP  - 412
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 01979337
AB  - ABSTRACT Evidence for sand motion is found in repeated observations of sand dunes at three sites in the Martian tropics by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. An eroding outcrop of layered sediments is identified as a possible source of the sand in Pasteur crater. Ancient layered sediments in Becquerel crater are actively being carved into flutes and yardangs by the blowing sands. Dunes in an un-named crater in Meridiani near the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity landing site advanced as much as 50 cm over an interval of one Martian year. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Surface Processes & Landforms is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sand dunes
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Tropical conditions
KW  - High resolution imaging
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - dunes
KW  - Mars
KW  - saltation
KW  - Mars Exploration Rover Mission (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 86171283; Geissler, Paul E. 1; Stantzos, Nicholas W. 2; Bridges, Nathan T. 3; Bourke, Mary C. 4; Silvestro, Simone 5; Fenton, Lori K. 5,6; Affiliations: 1: US Geological Survey; 2: Northern Arizona University; 3: Applied Physics Laboratory; 4: Planetary Science Institute; 5: SETI Institute; 6: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Mar2013, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p407; Thesaurus Term: Sand dunes; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Thesaurus Term: Tropical conditions; Subject Term: High resolution imaging; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: dunes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: saltation ; Company/Entity: Mars Exploration Rover Mission (U.S.); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/esp.3331
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, J. L.
AU  - Raut, J. C.
AU  - Law, K. S.
AU  - Marelle, L.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Ravetta, F.
AU  - Fast, J. D.
AU  - Pfister, G.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Roiger, A.
AU  - Schlager, H.
T1  - Pollution transport from North America to Greenland during summer 2008.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3825
EP  - 3858
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Ozone pollution transported to the Arctic is a significant concern because of the rapid, enhanced warming in high northern latitudes, which is caused, in part, by shortlived climate forcers, such as ozone. Long-range transport of pollution contributes to background and episodic ozone levels in the Arctic. However, the extent to which plumes are photochemically active during transport, particularly during the summer, is still uncertain. In this study, regional chemical transport model simulations are used to examine photochemical production of ozone in air masses originating from boreal fire and anthropogenic emissions over North America and during their transport toward the Arctic during early July 2008. Model results are evaluated using POLARCAT aircraft data collected over boreal fire source regions in Canada (ARCTAS-B) and several days downwind over Greenland (POLARCAT-France and POLARCAT-GRACE). Model results are generally in good agreement with the observations, except for certain trace gas species over boreal fire regions, in some cases indicating that the fire emissions are too low. Anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution (BB) from North America was rapidly uplifted during transport east and north to Greenland where pollution plumes were observed in the mid- and upper troposphere during POLARCAT. A model sensitivity study shows that CO levels are in better agreement with POLARCAT measurements (fresh and aged fire plumes) upon doubling CO emissions from fires. Analysis of model results, using ΔO3/ΔCO enhancement ratios, shows that pollution plumes formed ozone during transport towards the Arctic. Fresh anthropogenic plumes have averageΔO3/ΔCO enhancement ratios of 0.63 increasing to 0.92 for aged anthropogenic plumes, indicating additional ozone production during aging. Fresh fire plumes are only slightly enhanced in ozone (ΔO3/ΔCO=0.08), but form ozone downwind with ΔO3/ΔCO of 0.49 for aged BB plumes (model-based run). We estimate that aged anthropogenic and BB pollution together made an important contribution to ozone levels with an average contribution for latitudes > 55° N of up to 6.5 ppbv (18 %) from anthropogenic pollution and 3 ppbv (5.2 %) from fire pollution in the model domain in summer 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution transport
KW  - Photochemical smog
KW  - Smoke plumes
KW  - Summer
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Greenland
KW  - North America
N1  - Accession Number: 87634727; Thomas, J. L. 1; Email Address: jennie.thomas@latmos.ipsl.fr; Raut, J. C. 1; Law, K. S. 1; Marelle, L. 1; Ancellet, G. 1; Ravetta, F. 1; Fast, J. D. 2; Pfister, G. 3; Emmons, L. K. 3; Diskin, G. S. 4; Weinheimer, A. 3; Roiger, A. 5; Schlager, H. 5; Affiliations: 1: UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, UMR8190, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p3825; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution transport; Thesaurus Term: Photochemical smog; Thesaurus Term: Smoke plumes; Subject Term: Summer; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject: Greenland; Subject: North America; Number of Pages: 35p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 17 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-3825-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Engel, I.
AU  - Luo, B. P.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Hoyle, C. R.
AU  - Grooß, J.-U.
AU  - Dörnbrack, A.
AU  - Peter, T.
T1  - Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds -- Part 2: Nucleation of ice on synoptic scales.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 8831
EP  - 8872
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This paper provides unprecedented evidence for the importance of heterogeneous nucleation, likely on solid particles of meteoritic origin, and of small-scale temperature fluctuations, for the formation of ice particles in the Arctic stratosphere. During January 2010, ice PSCs (Polar Stratospheric Clouds) were shown by CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) to have occurred on a synoptic scale (∼1000 km dimension). CALIPSO observations also showed widespread PSCs containing nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles in December 2009, prior to the occurrence of synoptic-scale regions of ice PSCs during mid-January 2010.We demonstrate by means of detailed microphysical modeling along air parcel trajectories that the formation of these PSCs is not readily reconciled with expectations from the conventional understanding of PSC nucleation mechanisms. The measurements are at odds with the previous laboratory-based understanding of PSC formation, which deemed direct heterogeneous nucleation of NAT and ice on preexisting solid particles unlikely. While a companion paper (Part 1) addresses the heterogeneous nucleation of NAT during December 2009, before the existence of ice PSCs, this paper shows that also the largescale occurrence of stratospheric ice in January 2010 cannot be explained merely by homogeneous ice nucleation but requires the heterogeneous nucleation of ice, e.g. on meteoritic dust or preexisting NAT particles. The required efficiency of the ice nuclei is surprisingly high, namely comparable to that of known tropospheric ice nuclei such as mineral dust particles. To gain model agreement with the ice number densities inferred from observations, the presence of small-scale temperature fluctuations, with wavelengths unresolved by the numerical weather prediction models, is required. With the derived rate parameterization for heterogeneous ice nucleation we are able to explain and reproduce CALIPSO observations throughout the entire Arctic winter 2009/2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Ice nuclei
KW  - Clouds -- Dynamics
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Parameterization
N1  - Accession Number: 87630220; Engel, I. 1; Email Address: ines.engel@env.ethz.ch; Luo, B. P. 1; Pitts, M. C. 2; Poole, L. R. 3; Hoyle, C. R. 1,4; Grooß, J.-U. 5; Dörnbrack, A. 6; Peter, T. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; 4: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; 5: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung -- Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; 6: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, DLR Oberpfaffenhofen, 82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p8831; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Ice nuclei; Subject Term: Clouds -- Dynamics; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Nitric acid; Subject Term: Parameterization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 42p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-8831-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87630220&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yates, E. L.
AU  - Iraci, L. T.
AU  - Roby, M. C.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Johnson, M. S.
AU  - Reddy, P. J.
AU  - Tadić, J. M.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Gore, W.
T1  - Airborne observations and modeling of springtime stratosphere-to-troposphere transport over California.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 10157
EP  - 10192
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport (STT) results in air masses of stratospheric origin intruding into the free troposphere. Once in the free troposphere, O3-rich stratospheric air can be transported and mixed with tropospheric air masses, contributing to the tropospheric O3 budget. Evidence of STT can be identified based on the differences in the trace gas composition of the two regions. Because ozone (O3) is present in such large quantities in the stratosphere compared to the troposphere, it is frequently used as a tracer for STT events. This work reports on airborne in situ measurements of O3 and other trace gases during two STT events observed over California, USA. The first, on 14 May 2012, was associated with a cut-off low, and the second, on 5 June 2012, occurred during a post-trough, building ridge event. In each STT event, airborne measurements identified high O3 within a stratospheric intrusion which was observed as low as 3 km above sea level. During both events the stratospheric air mass was characterized by elevated O3 mixing ratios and reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor. The reproducible observation of reduced CO2 within the stratospheric air mass supports the use of nonconventional tracers as an additional method for detecting STT. A detailed meteorological analysis of each STT event is presented and observations are interpreted with the Realtime Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS). The implications of the two STT events are discussed in terms of the impact on the total tropospheric O3 budget and the impact on air quality and policy-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Spring
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 87630181; Yates, E. L. 1; Email Address: emma.l.yates@nasa.gov; Iraci, L. T. 1; Roby, M. C. 2; Pierce, R. B. 3; Johnson, M. S. 1; Reddy, P. J. 4; Tadić, J. M. 1; Loewenstein, M. 1; Gore, W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Earth Sciences Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Meteorology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0104, USA; 3: NOAA/NESDIS Advanced Satellite Products Branch Madison, WI 53706, USA; 4: Air Pollution Control Division, Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment, Denver, CO 80246, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p10157; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Geographic information systems; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Spring; Subject: California; Number of Pages: 36p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-10157-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kyrölä, E.
AU  - Laine, M.
AU  - Sofieva, V.
AU  - Tamminen, J.
AU  - Päivärinta, S. -M.
AU  - Tukiainen, S.
AU  - Zawodny, J.
AU  - Thomason, L.
T1  - Combined SAGE II-GOMOS ozone profile data set 1984-2011 and trend analysis of the vertical distribution of ozone.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 10661
EP  - 10700
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We have studied data from two satellite occultation instruments in order to generate a high vertical resolution homogeneous ozone time series of 26 yr. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experimen (SAGE) II solar occultation instrument from 1984-2005 and the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars instrument (GOMOS) from 2002-2012 measured ozone profiles in the stratosphere and mesosphere. Global coverage, good vertical resolution and the self calibrating measurement method make data from these instruments valuable for the detection of changes in vertical distribution of ozone over time. As both instruments share a common measurement period from 2002-2005, it is possible to intercalibrate the data sets. We investigate how well these measurements agree with each other and combine all the data to produce a new stratospheric ozone profile data set. Above 55 km SAGE II measurements show much less ozone than the GOMOS nighttime measurements as a consequence of the well-known diurnal variation of ozone in the mesosphere. Between 35-55 km SAGE II sunrise and sunset measurements differ from each other. Sunrise measurements show 2% less ozone than GOMOS whereas sunset measurements show 4% more ozone than GOMOS. Differences can be explained qualitatively by the diurnal variation of ozone in the stratosphere recently observed by SMILES and modelled by chemical transport models. For 25-35 km SAGE II sunrise and sunset and GOMOS agree within 1 %. The observed ozone bias between collocated measurements of SAGE II sunrise/ sunset and GOMOS night measurements is used to align the two data sets. The combined data set covers the time period 1984-2011, latitudes 60°S-60° N and the altitude range of 20-60 km. Profile data are given on a 1km vertical grid, and with a resolution of one month in time and ten degrees in latitude. The combined ozone data set is analyzed by fitting a time series model to the data. We assume a linear trend with an inflexion point (so-called "hockey stick" form). The best estimate for the point of inflexion was found to be the year 1997 for ozone between altitudes 35 and 45 km. At all latitudes and altitudes from 25 km to 50 km we find a clear change in ozone trend before and after the inflexion time. From 38km to 45 km a negative trend of 0-3% per decade at the equator has changed to a small positive trend of 0-2% per decade except in the altitude range of 30-35km where the ozone loss has even increased. At mid-latitudes the negative trend of 4-10% per decade has changed to to a small positive trend of 0-2% per decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Trend analysis
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
KW  - Information storage & retrieval systems
N1  - Accession Number: 87630195; Kyrölä, E. 1; Email Address: erkki.kyrola@fmi.fi; Laine, M. 1; Sofieva, V. 1; Tamminen, J. 1; Päivärinta, S. -M. 1; Tukiainen, S. 1; Zawodny, J. 2; Thomason, L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Earth Observation Unit, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS-475, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p10661; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Geographic information systems; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Subject Term: Trend analysis; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Subject Term: Information storage & retrieval systems; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-10661-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87630195&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Setvák, Martin
AU  - Bedka, Kristopher
AU  - Lindsey, Daniel T.
AU  - Sokol, Alois
AU  - Charvát, Zdeněk
AU  - Šťástka, Jindřich
AU  - Wang, Pao K.
T1  - A-Train observations of deep convective storm tops
JO  - Atmospheric Research
JF  - Atmospheric Research
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 123
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 248
SN  - 01698095
AB  - Abstract: The paper highlights simultaneous observations of tops of deep convective clouds from several space-borne instruments including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) of the Aqua satellite, Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) of the CloudSat satellite, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) flown on the CALIPSO satellite. These satellites share very close orbits, thus together with several other satellites they are referred to as the “A-Train” constellation. Though the primary responsibility of these satellites and their instrumentation is much broader than observations of fine-scale processes atop convective storms, in this study we document how data from the A-Train can contribute to a better understanding and interpretation of various storm-top features, such as overshooting tops, cold-U/V and cold ring features with their coupled embedded warm areas, above anvil ice plumes and jumping cirrus. The relationships between MODIS multi-spectral brightness temperature difference (BTD) fields and cloud top signatures observed by the CPR and CALIOP are also examined in detail to highlight the variability in BTD signals across convective storm events. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Storms
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Space-based radar
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - A-Train, CloudSat
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Cold-ring shape
KW  - Cold-U shape
KW  - Convective storm
KW  - Enhanced-V feature
KW  - Lower stratosphere
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Overshooting top
KW  - Storm-top
N1  - Accession Number: 85852553; Setvák, Martin 1; Email Address: setvak@chmi.cz; Bedka, Kristopher 2; Lindsey, Daniel T. 3; Sokol, Alois 4; Charvát, Zdeněk 1; Šťástka, Jindřich 1,5; Wang, Pao K. 6; Affiliations: 1: Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Praha, Czech Republic; 2: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: NOAA/NESDIS/RAMMB, CIRA/CSU, Fort Collins, CO, USA; 4: Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia; 5: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic; 6: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 123, p229; Thesaurus Term: Storms; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Subject Term: Space-based radar; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Brightness temperature; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A-Train, CloudSat; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold-ring shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold-U shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective storm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enhanced-V feature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lower stratosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overshooting top; Author-Supplied Keyword: Storm-top; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bohn, T. J.
AU  - Podest, E.
AU  - Schroeder, R.
AU  - Pinto, N.
AU  - McDonald, K. C.
AU  - Glagolev, M.
AU  - Filippov, I.
AU  - Maksyutov, S.
AU  - Heimann, M.
AU  - Lettenmaier, D. P.
T1  - The effects of surface moisture heterogeneity on wetland carbon fluxes in the West Siberian Lowland.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 6517
EP  - 6562
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - We used a process-based model to examine the roles of spatial heterogeneity of surface and sub-surface water on the carbon budget of the wetlands of the West Siberian Lowland over the period 1948-2010. We found that, while surface heterogeneity (fractional saturated area) had little overall effect on estimates of the region's carbon fluxes, sub-surface heterogeneity (spatial variations in water table depth) played an important role in both the overall magnitude and spatial distribution of estimates of the region's carbon fluxes. In particular, to reproduce the spatial pattern of CH4 emissions recorded by intensive in situ observations across the domain, in which very little CH4 is emitted north of 60°N, it was necessary to (a) account for CH4 emissions from unsaturated wetlands and (b) use a methane model parameter set that reduced estimated CH4 emissions in the northern half of the domain. Our results suggest that previous estimates of the response of these wetlands to thawing permafrost may have overestimated future increases in methane emissions in the permafrost zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Methane
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Carbon in soils
KW  - Wetland soils
KW  - Thawing
KW  - Siberia, Western (Russia)
N1  - Accession Number: 87604681; Bohn, T. J. 1; Podest, E. 2; Schroeder, R. 2,3; Pinto, N. 2; McDonald, K. C. 2,3; Glagolev, M. 4,5,6; Filippov, I. 6; Maksyutov, S. 7; Heimann, M. 8; Lettenmaier, D. P. 1; Email Address: dennisl@uw.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA, USA; 3: City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, USA; 4: Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; 5: Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Uspenskoe, Russia; 6: Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia; 7: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; 8: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p6517; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Carbon in soils; Subject Term: Wetland soils; Subject Term: Thawing; Subject Term: Siberia, Western (Russia); NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 9 Color Photographs, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-10-6517-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104252309
T1  - Influence of muscle strength to weight ratio on functional task performance.
AU  - Ryder, Jeffrey W
AU  - Buxton, Roxanne E
AU  - Goetchius, Elizabeth
AU  - Scott-Pandorf, Melissa
AU  - Hackney, Kyle J
AU  - Fiedler, James
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert J
AU  - Bloomberg, Jacob J
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L
Y1  - 2013/04//
N1  - Accession Number: 104252309. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130920. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. NLM UID: 100954790. 
KW  - Activities of Daily Living
KW  - Body Weight
KW  - Isometric Contraction
KW  - Muscle Strength
KW  - Muscle, Skeletal -- Physiology
KW  - Protective Clothing
KW  - Adult
KW  - Biomechanics
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - Female
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Motor Activity
KW  - Regression
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Supine Position
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Torque
KW  - Walking
SP  - 911
EP  - 921
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JA  - EUR J APPL PHYSIOL
VL  - 113
IS  - 4
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1439-6319
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, 77058, USA, jeffrey.ryder-1@nasa.gov.
U2  - PMID: 23011123.
DO  - 10.1007/s00421-012-2500-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Influence of muscle strength to weight ratio on functional task performance.
AU  - Ryder, Jeffrey
AU  - Buxton, Roxanne
AU  - Goetchius, Elizabeth
AU  - Scott-Pandorf, Melissa
AU  - Hackney, Kyle
AU  - Fiedler, James
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Bloomberg, Jacob
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 113
IS  - 4
SP  - 911
EP  - 921
SN  - 14396319
N1  - Accession Number: 86145088; Author: Ryder, Jeffrey: 1 email: jeffrey.ryder-1@nasa.gov. Author: Buxton, Roxanne: 2 Author: Goetchius, Elizabeth: 2 Author: Scott-Pandorf, Melissa: 3 Author: Hackney, Kyle: 3 Author: Fiedler, James: 1 Author: Ploutz-Snyder, Robert: 1 Author: Bloomberg, Jacob: 4 Author: Ploutz-Snyder, Lori: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Universities Space Research Association, Houston 77058 USA: 2 University of Houston, Houston 77004 USA: 3 Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering, Houston 77058 USA: 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston 77058 USA; No. of Pages: 11; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20130318
N2  - Existing models of muscle deconditioning such as bed rest are expensive and time-consuming. We propose a new model utilizing a weighted suit to manipulate muscle strength, power, or endurance relative to body weight. The aims of the study were to determine as to which muscle measures best predict functional task performance and to determine muscle performance thresholds below which task performance is impaired. Twenty subjects performed seven occupational astronaut tasks (supine and upright seat egress and walk, rise from fall, hatch opening, ladder climb, object carry, and construction board activity), while wearing a suit weighted with 0-120 % of body weight. Models of the relationship between muscle function/body weight and task completion time were developed using fractional polynomial regression and verified with pre- and post-flight astronaut performance data. Spline regression was used to identify muscle function thresholds for each task. Upright seat egress and walk was the most difficult task according to the spline regression analysis thresholds. Thresholds normalized to body weight were 17.8 N/kg for leg press isometric force, 17.6 W/kg for leg press power, 78.8 J/kg for leg press work, 5.9 N/kg isometric knee extension and 1.9 Nm/kg isokinetic knee extension torque. Leg press maximal isometric force/body weight was the most reliable measure for modeling performance of ambulatory tasks. Laboratory-based manipulation of relative strength has promise as an analog for spaceflight-induced loss of muscle function. Muscle performance values normalized to body weight can be used to predict occupational task performance and to establish relevant strength thresholds. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *MUSCLE strength
KW  - *STRENGTH training
KW  - *WEIGHT training
KW  - *PHYSICAL fitness
KW  - *PHYSICAL training & conditioning
KW  - PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - Muscle
KW  - Power
KW  - Strength
KW  - Task performance
KW  - Work
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrison, Keith D.
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Kennedy, Martin J.
T1  - The reduction of structural iron in ferruginous smectite via the amino acid cysteine: Implications for an electron shuttling compound
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 106
M3  - Article
SP  - 152
EP  - 163
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Microbes can reduce the structural iron (Fe(III)str) in clay minerals thus providing a potentially important terminal electron acceptor in the oxidation of organic matter. Many of these microorganisms participate in dissimilatory metal reduction with Fe(III) serving as the terminal electron acceptor either through direct contact with mineral surfaces or by way of electron shuttling compounds. Here we provide evidence for the electron shuttling capability of the amino acid cysteine with a ferruginous dioctahedral smectite (SWa-1) using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and quantitative assay of ferric and ferrous iron. Reactions to determine the electron exchange between cysteine and SWa-1 were performed in pH 8 adjusted oxygen free solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) performed on self-supporting clay films reveals that cysteine has the ability to reduce Fe(III)str, as shown by the decrease in the intensity of the AlFeOH and FeFeOH deformation and stretching bands resulting from decreased hydroxyl vibrations in the octahedral sheets. X-ray diffraction of the c-oriented SWa-1 reveals that cysteine intercalated into the d00l interlayer spaces. Quantitative iron assay indicates that the SWa-1 retains its structural iron upon reduction by cysteine and reoxidation. The increased interlayer spacing due to the intercalation of cysteine implies that this electron exchange is occurring from the basal surfaces of the smectite, as opposed to edge sites. When the SWa-1 was rinsed in dialysis tubing, the AlFeOH and FeFeOH vibrations reappear in FTIR spectra and the XRD patterns reveal that the cysteine no longer occupies interlayer sites. These results are consistent with partially reversible changes in clay mineral structure resulting from the reduction of Fe(III)str. They support the hypothesis that cysteine could serve as an electron shuttling compound used by microorganisms to gain access to structural iron in clay minerals and extends the range of microbially mediated Fe redox reactions from iron oxides and oxyhydroxides to the largest pool of Fe in aquatic sediments, Fe-bearing clay minerals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chemical reduction
KW  - Structural iron
KW  - Smectite
KW  - Amino acids
KW  - Cysteine
KW  - Electrophiles
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 85854371; Morrison, Keith D. 1; Email Address: keith.morrison@asu.edu; Bristow, Thomas F. 2; Kennedy, Martin J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Sprigg Geobiology Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 106, p152; Thesaurus Term: Chemical reduction; Subject Term: Structural iron; Subject Term: Smectite; Subject Term: Amino acids; Subject Term: Cysteine; Subject Term: Electrophiles; Subject Term: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2012.12.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Jianjun
AU  - Wang, Yeqiao
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Melton, Forrest S.
AU  - Hiatt, Samuel H.
AU  - Zhang, Hongyan
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - The Variation of Land Surface Phenology From 1982 to 2006 Along the Appalachian Trail.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/04//Apr2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2087
EP  - 2095
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The gradients of the Appalachian Trail (A.T.) in elevations and latitudes provide a megatransect to study environmental variations in the eastern United States. This paper reveals patterns and trends of land surface phenology (LSP) in association with climatic variables within a corridor area along the A.T. We employed time-series data from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies and the Surface Observation and Gridding System between 1982 and 2006 to extract spatial and temporal variation patterns of LSP metrics and the correlations with meteorological parameters. The derived trends in LSP metrics indicate that the extended length of season mainly resulted from delayed end of season (EOS) across the study area. More significant change occurred in the northern segment than in the southern segment, which reflects latitudinal effects. We analyzed the relationship between LSP and longitude, latitude, elevation, local climatic variables, and large-scale climate oscillations. Delayed start of season in 1989 and advanced EOS in 1988 were observed responding to the La Niña episode during 1988–1989. This paper provides information about the effects of climate and topography on LSP along the Appalachian Mountain ridges. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - LAND surface temperature
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - Appalachian Trail (A.T.)
KW  - climatic variation
KW  - Correlation
KW  - Earth Observing System
KW  - Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS)
KW  - Land surface
KW  - land surface phenology (LSP)
KW  - Market research
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Surface Observation and Gridding System (SOGS)
KW  - Surface topography
N1  - Accession Number: 95451805; Zhao, Jianjun 1; Wang, Yeqiao 2; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 3; Melton, Forrest S. 4; Hiatt, Samuel H. 5; Zhang, Hongyan 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 5; Affiliations: 1: School of Urban and Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China; 2: Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island at Kingston, Kingston, RI, USA; 3: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay, Monterey Bay, CA, USA; 4: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay , Monterey Bay, CA, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p2087; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: LAND surface temperature; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Appalachian Trail (A.T.); Author-Supplied Keyword: climatic variation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Observing System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface phenology (LSP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Market research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface Observation and Gridding System (SOGS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface topography; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2217149
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=95451805&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - James, John T.
AU  - Lam, Chiu-Wing
AU  - Santana, Patricia A.
AU  - Scully, Robert R.
T1  - Estimate of safe human exposure levels for lunar dust based on comparative benchmark dose modeling.
JO  - Inhalation Toxicology
JF  - Inhalation Toxicology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 256
SN  - 08958378
AB  - Brief exposures of Apollo astronauts to lunar dust occasionally elicited upper respiratory irritation; however, no limits were ever set for prolonged exposure to lunar dust. The United States and other space faring nations intend to return to the moon for extensive exploration within a few decades. In the meantime, habitats for that exploration, whether mobile or fixed, must be designed to limit human exposure to lunar dust to safe levels. Herein we estimate safe exposure limits for lunar dust collected during the Apollo 14 mission. We instilled three respirable-sized (∼2 μ mass median diameter) lunar dusts (two ground and one unground) and two standard dusts of widely different toxicities (quartz and TiO2) into the respiratory system of rats. Rats in groups of six were given 0, 1, 2.5 or 7.5 mg of the test dust in a saline-Survanta® vehicle, and biochemical and cellular biomarkers of toxicity in lung lavage fluid were assayed 1 week and one month after instillation. By comparing the dose--response curves of sensitive biomarkers, we estimated safe exposure levels for astronauts and concluded that unground lunar dust and dust ground by two different methods were not toxicologically distinguishable. The safe exposure estimates were 1.3 ± 0.4 mg/m3 (jet-milled dust), 1.0 ± 0.5 mg/m3 (ball-milled dust) and 0.9 ± 0.3 mg/m3 (unground, natural dust). We estimate that 0.5-1 mg/m3 of lunar dust is safe for periodic human exposures during long stays in habitats on the lunar surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Inhalation Toxicology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biochemical markers
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Astronauts
KW  - Respiratory infections
KW  - Bronchoalveolar lavage
KW  - Benchmark dose
KW  - inhalation
KW  - lunar dust
KW  - mineral dust
N1  - Accession Number: 87106907; James, John T. 1; Lam, Chiu-Wing 2; Santana, Patricia A. 3; Scully, Robert R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Toxicology Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center Houston, TX USA; 2: Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group Houston, TX USA; 3: Universities Space Research Association Houston, TX USA; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p243; Thesaurus Term: Biochemical markers; Subject Term: Lunar dust; Subject Term: Astronauts; Subject Term: Respiratory infections; Subject Term: Bronchoalveolar lavage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benchmark dose; Author-Supplied Keyword: inhalation; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: mineral dust; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3109/08958378.2013.777821
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87106907&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burow, Luke C
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Marshall, Ian PG
AU  - Lindquist, Erika A
AU  - Bebout, Brad M
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M
AU  - Tringe, Susannah G
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
AU  - Weber, Peter K
AU  - Spormann, Alfred M
AU  - Singer, Steven W
T1  - Anoxic carbon flux in photosynthetic microbial mats as revealed by metatranscriptomics.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 817
EP  - 829
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Photosynthetic microbial mats possess extraordinary phylogenetic and functional diversity that makes linking specific pathways with individual microbial populations a daunting task. Close metabolic and spatial relationships between Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi have previously been observed in diverse microbial mats. Here, we report that an expressed metabolic pathway for the anoxic catabolism of photosynthate involving Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi in microbial mats can be reconstructed through metatranscriptomic sequencing of mats collected at Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, CA, USA. In this reconstruction, Microcoleus spp., the most abundant cyanobacterial group in the mats, ferment photosynthate to organic acids, CO2 and H2 through multiple pathways, and an uncultivated lineage of the Chloroflexi take up these organic acids to store carbon as polyhydroxyalkanoates. The metabolic reconstruction is consistent with metabolite measurements and single cell microbial imaging with fluorescence in situ hybridization and NanoSIMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - POPULATION biology
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - Polyhydroxyalkanoates
KW  - Anoxemia
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Microorganisms -- Imaging
KW  - Photosynthates
KW  - Fluorescence in situ hybridization
N1  - Accession Number: 86167887; Burow, Luke C 1; Woebken, Dagmar 1; Marshall, Ian PG 2; Lindquist, Erika A 3; Bebout, Brad M 4; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 4; Hoehler, Tori M 4; Tringe, Susannah G 3; Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 5; Weber, Peter K 5; Spormann, Alfred M 2; Singer, Steven W 6; Affiliations: 1: 1] Departments of Chemical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Departments of Chemical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 3: Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; 4: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; 6: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p817; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: POPULATION biology; Thesaurus Term: PHYLOGENY; Thesaurus Term: Polyhydroxyalkanoates; Subject Term: Anoxemia; Subject Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Microorganisms -- Imaging; Subject Term: Photosynthates; Subject Term: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2012.150
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=86167887&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chang, C. T.
AU  - Tacina, K.
AU  - Lee, C.
AU  - Bulzan, D.
AU  - Hicks, Y.
AU  - Liu, N.-S.
AU  - Lee, J.
T1  - NASA Glenn Combustion Research for Aeronautical Propulsion.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 259
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has been involved in a wide range of combustion research topics in combustor concept research, component technology development, and enabling technology development to provide enabling technologies for flight regimes from subsonic to hypersonic. These research efforts were carried out by NASA and industrial and academic partners through a range of NASA fundamental research and focused programs. These synergistic efforts in fuel injection, flame stabilization, combustion physics, and ignition studies have resulted in combustor concept changes that resulted in much cleaner-burning modern jet engines. New computational tools, optical diagnostics, fuels, and fuel conditioning technology are being currently used to develop a better understanding of the complex processes occurring in combustion systems for a range of future propulsion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - RENEWABLE energy sources
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - FUEL switching
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463546; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p251; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: RENEWABLE energy sources; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: FUEL switching; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000289
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463546&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
AU  - Povinelli, Louis A.
T1  - Computational Fluid Dynamics: NASA Glenn Research Center's Legacy and Contributions.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
EP  - 287
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Development and contributions to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) during the period from 1947 to the present are reviewed in five categories: numerical methods, physical modeling, CFD codes development, CFD validation and engineering applications, and multidisciplinary design optimization. Some representative results in applications to aero and propulsion systems are included to illustrate the developed capabilities. GRC has a long history of investing resources to develop these key subject matters, with an interest in a wide range of applications, primarily focusing on propulsion-related technologies and concepts. The evolved CFD capabilities have enabled simulations of complex three-dimensional flow fields for engine components and integrated configurations, as illustrated in this article. This article is intended to give a useful, albeit noncomplete, overview into GRC's work in CFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463549; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p277; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000295
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463549&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patterson, Michael J.
AU  - Sovey, James S.
T1  - History of Electric Propulsion at NASA Glenn Research Center: 1956 to Present.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 300
EP  - 316
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - This paper provides a brief overview of the history of electric propulsion (EP) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC). Since the inception of EP technology, GRC has played a pivotal role in developing the technology and transitioning it to flight. Research and development efforts by GRC's employees, grantees, and contractors brought operational EP systems to commercial satellites in the early 1990s and to NASA and other government agency missions starting in the late 1990s. GRC's early construction of unique EP test infrastructure and NASA's and GRC's sustained investments in EP research and development over several decades were strategic in the creation of technologies that continue to greatly benefit the competitiveness and capabilities of U. S. space systems and missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - LEWIS Research Center
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - HALL effect thruster
KW  - ION rockets
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463543; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p300; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: LEWIS Research Center; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: HALL effect thruster; Subject Term: ION rockets; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 17p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000304
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463543&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linne, Diane L.
AU  - Aukerman, Carl A.
AU  - Palaszewski, Bryan A.
T1  - Chemical Propulsion: Greater than 60 Years of Leadership and Innovation at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 317
EP  - 333
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) was built during World War II with the primary objective of catching up with the Germans in jet engine technology. A decade later, it seemed only natural that these same aeropropulsion engineers would progress into the largely unexplored field of space chemical propulsion. Starting before the launch of Sputnik set off the great space race, researchers at the GRC were testing and flying cryogenic hydrogen-fueled engines that were an eventual key to the success of the Apollo manned missions to the moon. In the 60 years since this first foray into chemical propulsion, engineers at the GRC have made countless innovations and contributions to every component of rocket engine technology. From energetic propellants to green fuels, from innovative metallic alloys to ceramic composites, from seals and bearings to igniters and injectors, and from upper stages and satellites to launch vehicles and planetary landers, the dedicated and creative people at the GRC have propelled the United States to the forefront of space exploration and continue to work toward an even more exciting future. Some of the highlights of this illustrious and ongoing journey are explored in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - JET engines
KW  - JET propulsion
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463542; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p317; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: JET propulsion; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 17p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000303
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463542&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyer, Michael L.
AU  - Chato, David J.
AU  - Plachta, David W.
AU  - Zimmerli, Gregory A.
AU  - Barsi, Stephen J.
AU  - Van Dresar, Neil T.
AU  - Moder, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Mastering Cryogenic Propellants.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
EP  - 351
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) began experimentation with cryogenic propellants in the early 1950s to understand the potential of these high-performance propellants for use in liquid propellant rocket engines. Supporting these tests required learning how to both design cryogenic systems and develop procedures to safely and reliably work with cryogenic fuels and oxidizers. This early work led to the development of a skill set that has been core to the center ever since. When NASA was formed and the exploration missions were defined, it became clear that the ability to use cryogenic propellants in the thermal and microgravity environment of space was critical to mission success, and the agency was tasked with enabling this capability. To support development of the Centaur upper stage and the Saturn S-IVB stage, GRC researchers and engineers initiated extensive technology development for the in-space application of cryogenic fluid management (CFM). These initial efforts addressed basic requirements of propellant slosh, settling, and short-term storage/pressure control. Over the ensuing years, the NASA GRC has advanced CFM technologies to enable more reliable and capable upper stages. Today, these CFM technologies are on the brink of enabling long-duration in-space cryogenic propulsion stages and cryogenic propellant depots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463547; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p343; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000297
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463547&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reid, Concha M.
AU  - Miller, Thomas B.
AU  - Hoberecht, Mark A.
AU  - Loyselle, Patricia L.
AU  - Taylor, Linda M.
AU  - Farmer, Serene C.
AU  - Jansen, Ralph H.
T1  - History of Electrochemical and Energy Storage Technology Development at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 361
EP  - 371
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center (GRC) has a rich heritage of developing electrochemical technologies and energy storage systems for aerospace. Primary and rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, flywheels, and regenerative fuel cells are among the GRC's portfolio of energy storage devices and primary power systems. These technologies have been developed for missions and applications such as low Earth orbit and geosynchronous Earth orbit satellites, space shuttle, astronaut spacesuit, International Space Station, landers and rovers, and lunar and planetary habitats. The desire for lower mass, lower volume, higher efficiency, and more reliable power systems has most often been the driving force behind the development of these technologies. Often, as with fuel cells for the early Gemini and Apollo missions, development of the technology has been mission enabling. Although many of these technologies were initially developed for applications in space, the existence of such capabilities or development successes at GRC has led to their adoption for terrestrial uses or further research and development for terrestrial applications, including electric vehicles, unmanned aerial and underwater vehicles, and all-electric aircraft. This paper discusses the history of and the current research and development at the GRC in electrochemical and energy storage technologies. The future outlook for each of these technologies is also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE stations
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463539; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p361; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE stations; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000323
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463539&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seng, Gary T.
AU  - Zeller, Mary V.
AU  - Ramos, Calvin T.
T1  - Introduction to the Communications, Instrumentation, and Controls Division.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 372
EP  - 376
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - This paper explores the organizational history of the three core discipline areas currently residing within the Communications, Instrumentation, and Controls Division, which are harsh environment instrumentation/sensors/electronics, turbine engine controls and systems dynamics, and aerospace communications technology. Division and selected branch management will be identified by discipline in chronological order. In the second section, current division research areas will be listed by branch. Finally, future progress in the key disciplines is discussed by describing near-term future work and projecting a long-term future state beyond the horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - INTERSTELLAR communication
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 86463528; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p372; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR communication; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000311
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463528&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramos, Calvin
AU  - Fujikawa, Gene
AU  - Jordan, Jennifer
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
AU  - Ponchak, Denise
AU  - Pouch, John J.
AU  - Wallett, Thomas M.
T1  - Communications Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 394
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Over the last several decades, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC), formerly Lewis Research Center (LeRC) has performed research and technology development of aeronautic- and space-based communications in support of NASA and the nation. In the 1970s, GRC partnered with the Canadian Department of Communications through the Communications Technology Satellite (CTS) Project, in which GRC researchers were responsible for the development of critical technology components, such as the high-power, traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA), thereby pioneering the surge of television channels via satellite. For its efforts, LeRC was awarded an Emmy by the television industry. The decade of the 1980s served as a period for technology development that culminated in the launch of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) in 1993. The ACTS demonstration of spot beam antenna technology resulted in an overall increase of efficiency in satellite communications. In the latter part of the 1990s and until today, GRC research engineers have continued to conduct research and technology development in multiple domains. The primary focus of this article is to introduce the reader to the long heritage at GRC in communications research and development through the CTS and ACTS projects and delve into specific technology areas following the ACTS Project to today in support of high-data rate communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - TRAVELING-wave tubes
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463540; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p377; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: TRAVELING-wave tubes; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 18p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000316
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463540&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharp, Lauren M.
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Motil, Brian J.
T1  - Microgravity Fluids and Combustion Research at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 439
EP  - 450
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - At the dawn of the Space Age, the design of early rocket and spacecraft systems presented significant challenges because of the low-gravity environment of space. Motivated by these challenges, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) pioneered the development of low-gravity facilities-including drop towers, sounding rockets, zero-gravity (zero-g) aircraft, and most importantly, space-based facilities-to advance microgravity research to further the nation's space exploration efforts. These efforts resulted in improved spacecraft system designs and practices in areas as diverse as fluid handling and spacecraft fire safety. At the same time, researchers realized that the microgravity environment allows the study of fundamental combustion and fluid physics problems, without the complication of buoyancy-induced convection. Microgravity testing enabled advancements in areas of technological and ecological importance in terrestrial applications such as global atmospheric change, combustor design, groundwater pollution, oil production, and advanced materials manufacturing, which often rely on advances in fluid physics and chemically reacting flows. GRC has been a leader in microgravity fluid physics and combustion research for more than 50 years. This paper highlights the facilities and some of the many accomplishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROGRAVITY method
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463529; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p439; Subject Term: MICROGRAVITY method; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000293
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463529&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Myers, Jerry
AU  - Stauber, Laurel
AU  - Weaver, Aaron
AU  - McKay, Terri
AU  - Harrivel, Angela
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius
T1  - Bioscience and Medical Technology: From the Earth to Space and Back.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 451
EP  - 458
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Throughout the 70-year history of NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), technology development efforts that promoted advancement in aeronautics technologies, aerospace sciences, materials for hostile environments, and microgravity physics have also enabled the maturation of technologies that have affected medical practice on Earth, in the air, and in space. GRC's unique skill mix, required for aeronautics research and space exploration, ultimately also advanced the development of a wide array of capabilities applicable to biomedical engineering. This paper presents a historical review of notable biomedical endeavors at GRC that have addressed common and uncommon medical conditions afflicting both astronauts and non-astronauts. It also highlights the unique physiological stressors associated with residing in space. The physiological changes associated with these stimuli present evolving challenges for researchers to devise new and innovative medical interventions and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - BIOENGINEERING
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463545; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p451; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: BIOENGINEERING; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000279
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463545&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Misra, Ajay K.
AU  - Greenbauer-Seng, Leslie A.
T1  - Aerospace Propulsion and Power Materials and Structures Research at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 459
EP  - 490
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) is well recognized for its contributions toward development of advanced materials and structures for aerospace propulsion and power systems. The Structures and Materials Division conducts research across a broad range of technical areas relevant to the agency's future aeronautics and space mission requirements. This paper will introduce the technical areas of strategic importance in the Structures and Materials Division today and briefly address some of the specific research activities within these areas. A broad look at how the research areas of emphasis have evolved over time, beginning in the early 1940s when the GRC was first formed, will be discussed. Examples of some of the more notable research accomplishments and their impact on the aerospace industry over this time period will be included. A discussion of the division's planned technical directions believed to be required to meet the longer-term national aeronautics and space exploration goals will also be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE planes -- Propulsion systems
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463531; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p459; Subject Term: AEROSPACE planes -- Propulsion systems; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 32p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000325
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nathal, Michael V.
AU  - Stefko, George L.
T1  - Smart Materials and Active Structures.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 491
EP  - 499
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Research in smart materials and active structures has grown significantly at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) in the last 10 years. The GRC has achieved several promising results in both new material development and component applications for concepts using both shape memory alloys and piezoelectric ceramics. Progress in understanding and modeling of shape memory alloys has allowed for improved design and control methodologies. New high-temperature alloys with attractive work output have extended the capability from room temperature to ∼350°C. Finally, the list of successful prototype demonstrations continues to grow for both commercially available alloys and the newer high-temperature alloys. Analytical and experimental methods on piezoelectric blade vibration damping have produced the first successful demonstration of vibration damping on a rotating component. The damping levels achieved lead to reduced dynamic stresses, hence increased engine life and enhanced damage tolerance. In addition, new compositions have been developed to extend the temperature capability of high-performance piezoelectrics to near 400°C. These new materials are just now showing laboratory-scale feasibility and are targeted for continued development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 86463535; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p491; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000319
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463535&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dever, Joyce A.
AU  - Nathal, Michael V.
AU  - DiCarlo, James A.
T1  - Research on High-Temperature Aerospace Materials at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/04//
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 500
EP  - 514
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Within the Structures and Materials Division at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center (GRC), research is being conducted to develop durable high-temperature materials for the most challenging aerospace applications. Research is advancing material and coating technologies for applications including turbine engine hot section components, rocket engine combustion chamber liners, high-temperature components of advanced space power systems, and atmospheric reentry vehicle surfaces. As part of the volume of papers recognizing 70 years of research at the GRC, this paper summarizes key research contributions that GRC has made to the field of high-temperature aerospace materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 86463544; Source Information: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p500; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: NASA Glenn Research Center; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000321
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=86463544&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chepfer, H.
AU  - Cesana, G.
AU  - Winker, D.
AU  - Getzewich, B.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - Liu, Z.
T1  - Comparison of Two Different Cloud Climatologies Derived from CALIOP-Attenuated Backscattered Measurements (Level 1): The CALIPSO-ST and the CALIPSO-GOCCP.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 725
EP  - 744
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Two different cloud climatologies have been derived from the same NASA-Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)-measured attenuated backscattered profile (level 1, version 3 dataset). The first climatology, named Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations-Science Team ( CALIPSO-ST), is based on the standard CALIOP cloud mask (level 2 product, version 3), with the aim to document clouds with the highest possible spatiotemporal resolution, taking full advantage of the CALIOP capabilities and sensitivity for a wide range of cloud scientific studies. The second climatology, named GCM-Oriented CALIPSO Cloud Product ( CALIPSO-GOCCP), is aimed at a single goal: evaluating GCM prediction of cloudiness. For this specific purpose, it has been designed to be fully consistent with the CALIPSO simulator included in the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) used within version 2 of the CFMIP (CFMIP-2) experiment and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The differences between the two datasets in the global cloud cover maps-total, low level ( P > 680 hPa), midlevel (680 < P < 440 hPa), and high level ( P < 440 hPa)-are frequently larger than 10% and vary with region. The two climatologies show significant differences in the zonal cloud fraction profile (which differ by a factor of almost 2 in some regions), which are due to the differences in the horizontal and vertical averaging of the measured attenuated backscattered profile CALIOP profile before the cloud detection and to the threshold used to detect clouds (this threshold depends on the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Weather
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Climate sensitivity
KW  - Clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 87095735; Chepfer, H. 1; Cesana, G. 2; Winker, D. 3; Getzewich, B. 4; Vaughan, M. 3; Liu, Z. 4; Affiliations: 1: * LMD, IPSL, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France; 2: LMD, IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p725; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 10 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00057.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87095735&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Weverberg, K.
AU  - Vogelmann, A. M.
AU  - Lin, W.
AU  - Luke, E. P.
AU  - Cialella, A.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Khaiyer, M.
AU  - Boer, E. R.
AU  - Jensen, M. P.
T1  - The Role of Cloud Microphysics Parameterization in the Simulation of Mesoscale Convective System Clouds and Precipitation in the Tropical Western Pacific.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 70
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1104
EP  - 1128
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This paper presents a detailed analysis of convection-permitting cloud simulations, aimed at increasing the understanding of the role of parameterized cloud microphysics in the simulation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the tropical western Pacific (TWP). Simulations with three commonly used bulk microphysics parameterizations with varying complexity have been compared against satellite-retrieved cloud properties. An MCS identification and tracking algorithm was applied to the observations and the simulations to evaluate the number, spatial extent, and microphysical properties of individual cloud systems. Different from many previous studies, these individual cloud systems could be tracked over larger distances because of the large TWP domain studied. The analysis demonstrates that the simulation of MCSs is very sensitive to the parameterization of microphysical processes. The most crucial element was found to be the fall velocity of frozen condensate. Differences in this fall velocity between the experiments were more related to differences in particle number concentrations than to fall speed parameterization. Microphysics schemes that exhibit slow sedimentation rates for ice aloft experience a larger buildup of condensate in the upper troposphere. This leads to more numerous and/or larger MCSs with larger anvils. Mean surface precipitation was found to be overestimated and insensitive to the microphysical schemes employed in this study. In terms of the investigated properties, the performances of complex two-moment schemes were not superior to the simpler one-moment schemes, since explicit prediction of number concentration does not necessarily improve processes such as ice nucleation, the aggregation of ice crystals into snowflakes, and their sedimentation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Parameterization
KW  - Cloud parameterizations
KW  - Cloud resolving models
KW  - Convective-scale processes
KW  - Mesoscale models
N1  - Accession Number: 86648760; Van Weverberg, K. 1,2; Vogelmann, A. M. 1; Lin, W. 1; Luke, E. P. 1; Cialella, A. 1; Minnis, P. 3; Khaiyer, M. 4; Boer, E. R. 5; Jensen, M. P. 1; Affiliations: 1: * Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; 2: Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research (TECLIM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 5: Entropy Control, Inc., La Jolla, California; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 70 Issue 4, p1104; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Parameterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud parameterizations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud resolving models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective-scale processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesoscale models; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 14 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0104.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=86648760&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larsson, Richard
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Timescale for oceans in the past of Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 78
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 24
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We estimate the past extent of liquid on the surface of Titan as a function of time assuming the current rate of destruction of methane and no sources or subsurface sinks. As methane increases for increasing past time the polar lakes expand equatorward. We use a spherical harmonics model for the surface topography to compute the fraction of the surface covered as the methane inventory increases. We find that substantial parts of the equator would have been flooded by a polar ocean 300 million years ago and that the equator would have been connected to a global ocean 600 million years ago. This provides one possible explanation for the fluvial features seen at the equator on Titan. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Methane
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Natural satellites -- Surfaces
KW  - Surface topography
KW  - Titan (Satellite) -- Exploration
KW  - Methane ocean
KW  - Planetary evolution
KW  - Surface
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 86394681; Larsson, Richard 1; Email Address: ric.larsson@gmail.com; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Space Campus 1, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 78, p22; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Surfaces; Subject Term: Surface topography; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite) -- Exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.12.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BUGOS, GLENN
T1  - Locomotive to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute and the Transportation Revolution.
JO  - Technology & Culture
JF  - Technology & Culture
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 414
EP  - 415
SN  - 0040165X
AB  - The article reviews the book "Locomotive to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute and the Transportation Revolution," by Simine Short.
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - SHORT, Simine
KW  - CHANUTE, Octave, 1832-1910
KW  - LOCOMOTIVE to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute & the Transportation Revolution (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 87435559; BUGOS, GLENN 1,2; Affiliations: 1 : Founder, Moment LLC; 2 : Historian, NASA Ames Research Center;  Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p414; Historical Period: 1832 to 1910; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hia
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gazarik, Michael J.
T1  - Centennial Challenges: 2014 Night Rover Challenge.
JO  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
JF  - Federal Register (National Archives & Records Service, Office of the Federal Register)
Y1  - 2013/04/02/
VL  - 78
IS  - 63
M3  - Article
SP  - 19742
EP  - 19743
SN  - 00976326
AB  - The article offers information on the competition Centennial Challenges: 2014 Night Rover Challenge, organized by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) which is to be held from January 20-April 4, 2014 at NASA Glenn Research Center, Plumbrook Station in Sandusky, Ohio.
KW  - ASTRONOMY -- Competitions
KW  - SANDUSKY (Ohio)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 86972896; Gazarik, Michael J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Associate Administrator, Space Technology Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 4/2/2013, Vol. 78 Issue 63, p19742; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY -- Competitions; Subject: SANDUSKY (Ohio) ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Noh, Young Min
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Lee, Hanlim
AU  - Choi, Tae Jin
T1  - Influence of biogenic pollen on optical properties of atmospheric aerosols observed by lidar over Gwangju, South Korea
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2013/04/11/
VL  - 69
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
EP  - 147
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: For the first time, optical properties of biogenic pollen, i.e., backscatter coefficients and depolarization ratios at 532 nm were retrieved by lidar observations. The extinction coefficient was derived with the assumption of possible values of the extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratio. We investigate the effect of the pollen on the optical properties of the observed atmospheric aerosols by comparing lidar and sun/sky radiometer measurements carried out at the lidar site. The observations were made with a depolarization lidar at the Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST) in Gwangju, Korea (35.13°N, 126.50°E) during an intensive observational period that lasted from 5 to 7 May 2009. The pollen concentration was measured with a Burkard trap sampler at the roof top of the Gwangju Bohoon hospital which is located 1 km away from the lidar site. During the observation period, high pollen concentrations of 1360, 2696, and 1952 m−3 day−1 were measured on 5, 6, and 7 May, respectively. A high lidar depolarization ratio caused by biogenic pollen was only detected during daytime within the planetary boundary layer which was at 1.5–2.0 km height above ground during the observational period. The contribution of biogenic pollen to the total backscatter coefficient was estimated from the particle depolarization ratio. Average hourly values of pollen optical depth were retrieved by integrating the pollen extinction coefficients. We find average values of 0.062 ± 0.037, 0.041 ± 0.028 and 0.067 ± 0.036 at 532 nm on 5, 6, and 7 May, respectively. The contribution of pollen optical depth to total aerosol optical depth was 2–34%. The sun/sky radiometer data show that biogenic pollen can affect optical properties of atmospheric aerosol by increasing aerosol optical depth and decreasing the Ångström exponent during daytime during the season of high pollen emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Kwangju-si (Korea)
KW  - Korea (South)
KW  - Ångström exponent
KW  - Depolarization ratio
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Optical depth
KW  - Pollen
N1  - Accession Number: 85617016; Noh, Young Min 1; Müller, Detlef 1,2,3; Email Address: detlef@tropos.de; Lee, Hanlim 4; Choi, Tae Jin 5; Affiliations: 1: School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, VA, USA; 3: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany; 4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea; 5: Department of Polar Climate Research, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Republic of Korea; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 69, p139; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject: Kwangju-si (Korea); Subject: Korea (South); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ångström exponent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Depolarization ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollen; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Connerney, Jack
T1  - Solar system: Saturn's ring rain.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2013/04/11/
VL  - 496
IS  - 7444
M3  - Article
SP  - 178
EP  - 179
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article focuses on the role of Saturn's rings evolution which has a significance of the Solar System formation. Researchers O'Donoghue and colleagues observes the mechanism of electromagnetic erosion which conveys ring mass and disposes it in the upper atmosphere of Saturn. It states that the features of the ring can be justified by the dynamics of a collisional particles in an orbit that behaves similar to a dense gas, in which it is characterized by pressure, temperature and viscosity.
KW  - Gases
KW  - Viscosity
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Electromagnetic forces
KW  - Artificial atmospheres (Space environment)
N1  - Accession Number: 86898070; Connerney, Jack 1; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Magnetospheres Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Code 695, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.; Issue Info: 4/11/2013, Vol. 496 Issue 7444, p178; Thesaurus Term: Gases; Thesaurus Term: Viscosity; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Electromagnetic forces; Subject Term: Artificial atmospheres (Space environment); Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/496178a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, R. H.
AU  - Karydis, V. A.
AU  - Capps, S. L.
AU  - Lathem, T. L.
AU  - Nenes, A.
T1  - Droplet number uncertainties associated with CCN: an assessment using observations and a global model adjoint.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/04/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 4235
EP  - 4251
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use the Global Modelling Initiative (GMI) chemical transport model with a cloud droplet parameterisation adjoint to quantify the sensitivity of cloud droplet number concentration to uncertainties in predicting CCN concentrations. Published CCN closure uncertainties for six different sets of simplifying compositional and mixing state assumptions are used as proxies for modelled CCN uncertainty arising from application of those scenarios. It is found that cloud droplet number concentrations (Nd) are fairly insensitive to the number concentration (Na) of aerosol which act as CCN over the continents (Ƌ ln Nd/Ƌ ln Na ~ 10-30 %), but the sensitivities exceed 70% in pristine regions such as the Alaskan Arctic and remote oceans. This means that CCN concentration uncertainties of 4-71% translate into only 1- 23% uncertainty in cloud droplet number, on average. Since most of the anthropogenic indirect forcing is concentrated over the continents, this work shows that the application of Köhler theory and attendant simplifying assumptions in models is not a major source of uncertainty in predicting cloud droplet number or anthropogenic aerosol indirect forcing for the liquid, stratiform clouds simulated in these models. However, it does highlight the sensitivity of some remote areas to pollution brought into the region via long-range transport (e.g., biomass burning) or from seasonal biogenic sources (e.g., phytoplankton as a source of dimethylsulfide in the southern oceans). Since these transient processes are not captured well by the climatological emissions inventories employed by current large-scale models, the uncertainties in aerosol-cloud interactions during these events could be much larger than those uncovered here. This finding motivates additional measurements in these pristine regions, for [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cloud droplets
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Parameter estimation
KW  - Prediction models
N1  - Accession Number: 87634747; Moore, R. H. 1,2; Karydis, V. A. 3; Capps, S. L. 1; Lathem, T. L. 3; Nenes, A. 1,3; Email Address: athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 8, following p4235; Thesaurus Term: Cloud droplets; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Parameter estimation; Subject Term: Prediction models; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 1 Graph, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-4235-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Groot, William J.
AU  - Cantin, Alan S.
AU  - Flannigan, Michael D.
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Gowman, Lynn M.
AU  - Newbery, Alison
T1  - A comparison of Canadian and Russian boreal forest fire regimes
JO  - Forest Ecology & Management
JF  - Forest Ecology & Management
Y1  - 2013/04/15/
VL  - 294
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
SN  - 03781127
AB  - Abstract: Boreal forest dynamics are largely driven by disturbance, and fire is a prevalent force of change across the boreal circumpolar region. North American and Eurasian boreal fire regimes are known to be very different but there are few quantitative comparison studies. Russian and Canadian boreal fire regimes are compared using fire weather, fire statistics, fire behaviour, and C emissions data from two large study areas. Fuel consumption, head fire intensity, and C emissions were modelled using fire weather data, fuels data and burned area polygons for all large (200+ha) fires that occurred in the study areas during 2001–2007. Fire behaviour and C emissions of each large fire were simulated with the Canadian Fire Effects Model (CanFIRE) using fuel type and fuel load data of the burned areas, and Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System parameters, as interpolated to the fire from the weather station network on the average active fire date. In the Russian study area located in central Siberia, there was an annual average of 1441.9 large fires per 100Mha of forest land that burned 1.89Mha (average large fire size=1312ha, mean fire return interval=52.9years) with an average fire intensity of 4858kWm−1. In the western Canada study area, there was an annual average of 93.7 large fires per 100Mha of forest land that burned 0.56Mha of forest (average large fire size=5930ha, mean fire return interval=179.9years) with an average fire intensity of 6047kWm−1. The 2001–2007 fire size distribution and annual area burned in the Canadian study area were very similar to 1970–2009 statistics, although large fire frequency was higher and average large fire size was smaller. Similar long-term fire statistics for Russia currently do not exist for comparison. The C emissions rate (tha−1 of burned area) was 53% higher in the Canadian study area due to higher pre-burn forest floor fuel loads and higher fuel consumption by crown fires. However, the Russian study area had much higher total C emissions (per 100Mha of forest area) because of greater annual area burned. The Russian C emissions estimate in this study is likely conservative due to low forest floor fuel load estimates in available datasets. Fire regime differences are discussed in terms of fuel, weather, and fire ecology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Forest Ecology & Management is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Forest fires -- Prevention & control
KW  - Carbon dioxide mitigation
KW  - Forest fire forecasting
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Canada
KW  - Russia
KW  - Carbon emissions
KW  - Fire behaviour
KW  - Fire ecology
KW  - Fire weather
KW  - Fuels
N1  - Accession Number: 86394234; de Groot, William J. 1; Email Address: bill.degroot@nrcan.gc.ca; Cantin, Alan S. 1; Flannigan, Michael D. 2; Soja, Amber J. 3; Gowman, Lynn M. 1; Newbery, Alison 1; Affiliations: 1: Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 1219 Queen St. East, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada P6A 2E5; 2: University of Alberta, Dept. of Renewable Resources, 713A General Services Building, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2H1; 3: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Climate Science and Chemistry and Dynamics Branches, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 294, p23; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Forest fires -- Prevention & control; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide mitigation; Thesaurus Term: Forest fire forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Energy consumption; Subject: Canada; Subject: Russia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire behaviour; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire weather; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuels; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115310 Support Activities for Forestry; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.foreco.2012.07.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Derkowski, Arkadiusz
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Wampler, J.M.
AU  - Środoń, Jan
AU  - Marynowski, Leszek
AU  - Elliott, W. Crawford
AU  - Chamberlain, C. Page
T1  - Hydrothermal alteration of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area (South China)
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013/04/15/
VL  - 107
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 298
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The geochemical and fossil record preserved in the Ediacaran age (635–551Ma) Doushantuo Formation of South China has been extensively examined to explore the impact of changing climate and the oxidation state of the oceans on the development and distribution of early multicellular life. In the Yangtze Gorges area, this formation shows many of the geochemical trends and features thought to typify global ocean chemistry in the Ediacaran Period, but there are indications that post-sedimentary processes modified these signals. This study of clay minerals and organic matter builds a more detailed picture of the type and degree of post-sedimentary alteration at different stratigraphic levels of the formation and focuses on how this alteration influenced stable carbon and oxygen isotope records. In the cratonward Jiulongwan and Huajipo sections of the Doushantuo Formation, its lower part (Members 1 and 2) consists largely of dolomitic shale, rich in authigenic saponite that crystallized in an alkaline sedimentary basin. Saponite has been altered to chlorite via corrensite across tens of meters of strata in lower Member 2, with increased alteration downward toward the cap dolostone. The greater chloritization is accompanied by lower δ18O and higher δD values of trioctahedral clays. This pattern of alteration of trioctahedral clays is likely due to hydrothermal fluid activity in the underlying, relatively permeable Nantuo Formation and cap dolostone. A concomitant increase of solid bitumen reflectance toward the base of the formation supports this idea. In the uppermost part of the formation in the Yangtze Gorges area (Member 4), a typical open water marine dolomitic shale rich in illite and organic matter, increases in the methylphenanthrenes ratio index and solid bitumen reflectance correlate with decrease of the bulk rock K/Al ratio upward, providing evidence for hot fluid migration above the nearly impermeable shale. Clay from the upper part of the formation is enriched in 18O, but not in D, relative to clay from the lower parts, indicating progressive 18O-enrichment of hydrothermal fluids that percolated upward and laterally through permeable 18O-rich carbonates. A maximum hydrothermal-alteration temperature of ∼200°C is estimated from a calibration curve for illitization during burial diagenesis, but given that the hydrothermal activity probably occurred in short pulses, the temperature could have been much higher. K–Ar ages are consistent across different size fractions of fine illite from Member 4 shale (∼430Ma) and from a K-bentonite bed near the base of Member 2 in the Jiuqunao section (∼325Ma), ∼25km from Jiulongwan and Huajipo. These age values show that the diagenetic illite of the Doushantuo Formation is a product of either deep burial diagenesis overprinted by spatially limited hydrothermal activity or of two localized hydrothermal events. Patterns of carbonate 13C and 18O depletion in the basal Doushantuo Formation are similar to chloritization trends and 18O variation in diagenetic clay minerals. Given independent evidence for 13C depletion of hydrothermal fluids, these trends indicate carbonate–fluid isotope exchange commensurate with the degree of post-sedimentary alteration, supporting a model of lithologically controlled differential diagenesis induced by hydrothermal fluids as the main control on C and O isotope variability in this stratigraphic interval. This model could potentially explain other notable δ13C excursions higher up in Member 3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Hydrothermal alteration
KW  - Ediacaran fossils
KW  - Formations (Geology)
KW  - Yangtze River Gorges (China)
KW  - China
N1  - Accession Number: 85904187; Derkowski, Arkadiusz 1; Email Address: ndderkow@cyf-kr.edu.pl; Bristow, Thomas F. 2; Wampler, J.M. 3; Środoń, Jan 1; Marynowski, Leszek 4; Elliott, W. Crawford 3; Chamberlain, C. Page 5; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Krakow, Senacka 1, PL-31002 Krakow, Poland; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4105, USA; 4: Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzinska 60, PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; 5: Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Issue Info: Apr2013, Vol. 107, p279; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Subject Term: Hydrothermal alteration; Subject Term: Ediacaran fossils; Subject Term: Formations (Geology); Subject: Yangtze River Gorges (China); Subject: China; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2013.01.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tiscareno, Matthew S.
AU  - Mitchell, Colin J.
AU  - Murray, Carl D.
AU  - Di Nino, Daiana
AU  - Hedman, Matthew M.
AU  - Schmidt, Jurgen
AU  - Burns, Joseph A.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Porco, Carolyn C.
AU  - Beurle, Kevin
AU  - Evans, Michael W.
T1  - Observations of Ejecta Clouds Produced by Impacts onto Saturn's Rings.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/04/26/
VL  - 340
IS  - 6131
M3  - Article
SP  - 460
EP  - 464
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We report observations of dusty clouds in Saturn's rings, which we interpret as resulting from impacts onto the rings that occurred between 1 and 50 hours before the clouds were observed. The largest of these clouds was observed twice; its brightness and cant angle evolved in a manner consistent with this hypothesis. Several arguments suggest that these clouds cannot be due to the primary impact of one solid meteoroid onto the rings, but rather are due to the impact of a compact stream of Saturn-orbiting material derived from previous breakup of a meteoroid. The responsible interplanetary meteoroids were initially between 1 centimeter and several meters in size, and their influx rate is consistent with the sparse prior knowledge of smaller meteoroids in the outer solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Astrophysics
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - Meteoroids
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Interplanetary dust
KW  - Solar system
N1  - Accession Number: 87427504; Tiscareno, Matthew S. 1; Email Address: matthewt@astro.cornell.edu; Mitchell, Colin J. 2; Murray, Carl D. 3; Di Nino, Daiana 2; Hedman, Matthew M. 1; Schmidt, Jurgen 4,5; Burns, Joseph A. 6,7; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 8; Porco, Carolyn C. 2; Beurle, Kevin 3; Evans, Michael W. 2; Affiliations: 1: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2: CICLOPS, Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 3: Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London El 4NS, UK; 4: Department of Physics, Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Finland; 5: Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; 6: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 7: College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 4/26/2013, Vol. 340 Issue 6131, p460; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Astrophysics; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: Meteoroids; Subject Term: Planetary rings; Subject Term: Interplanetary dust; Subject Term: Solar system; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1233524
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Vernier, J.-P.
T1  - Improved SAGE II cloud/aerosol categorization and observations of the Asian tropopause aerosol layer: 1989-2005.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4605
EP  - 4616
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We describe the challenges associated with the interpretation of extinction coefficient measurements by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) in the presence of clouds. In particular, we have found that tropospheric aerosol analyses are highly dependent on a robust method for identifying when clouds affect the measured extinction coefficient. Herein, we describe an improved cloud identification method that appears to capture cloud/aerosol events more effectively than early methods. In addition, we summarize additional challenges to observing the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL) using SAGE II observations. Using this new approach, we perform analyses of the upper troposphere, focusing on periods in which the UTLS (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere) is relatively free of volcanic material (1989-1990 and after 1996). Of particular interest is the Asian monsoon anticyclone where CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations) has observed an aerosol enhancement. This enhancement, called the ATAL, has a similar morphology to observed enhancements in long-lived trace gas species like CO. Since the CALIPSO record begins in 2006, the question of how long this aerosol feature has been present requires a new look at the long-lived SAGE II data sets despite significant hurdles to its use in the subtropical upper troposphere. We find that there is no evidence of ATAL in the SAGE II data prior to 1998. After 1998, it is clear that aerosol in the upper troposphere in the ATAL region is substantially enhanced relative to the period before that time. In addition, the data generally supports the presence of the ATAL beginning in 1999 and continuing through the end of the mission, though some years (e.g., 2003) are complicated by the presence of episodic enhancements most likely of volcanic origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Anticyclones
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 87930192; Thomason, L. W. 1; Email Address: l.w.thomason@nasa.gov; Vernier, J.-P. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p4605; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Anticyclones; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 8 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-4605-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertram, T. H.
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - On the export of reactive nitrogen from Asia: NOx partitioning and effects on ozone.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4617
EP  - 4630
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The partitioning of reactive nitrogen (NOy was measured over the remote North Pacific during spring 2006. Aircraft observations of NO, NO2, total peroxy nitrates (ΣPNs), total alkyl and multi-functional nitrates (ΣANs) and nitric acid (HNO3, made between 25° and 55° N, confirm a controlling role for peroxyacyl nitrates in NOx production in aged Asian outflow. ΣPNs account for more than 60% of NOy above 5 km, while thermal dissociation limits their contribution to less than 10% in the lower troposphere. Using simultaneous observations of NOx, ΣPNs, ΣANs, HNO3 and average wind speed, we calculate the flux of reactive nitrogen through the meridional plane of 150° W (between 20° and 55° N) to be 0.007 ± 0.002 Tg N day-1, which provides an upper limit of 23 ± 6.5% on the transport efficiency of NOy from East Asia. Observations of NOx, and HOx are used to constrain a 0-D photochemical box model for the calculation of net photochemical ozone production or tendency (Δ O3) as a function of aircraft altitude and NOx concentrations. The model analysis indicates that the photochemical environment of the lower troposphere (altitude < 6 km) over the north Pacific is one of net O3 destruction, with an experimentally determined crossover point between net O3 destruction and net O3 production of 60 pptv NOx. Qualitative indicators of integrated net O3 production derived from simultaneous measurements of O3 and light alkanes (Parrish et al., 1992), also indicate that the north Pacific is, on average, a region of net O3 destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 95735949; Bertram, T. H. 1; Perring, A. E. 1; Wooldridge, P. J. 1; Dibb, J. 2; Avery, M. A. 3; Cohen, R. C. 1,4; Email Address: rccohen@berkeley.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, USA.; 2: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, USA.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.; 4: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, USA.; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p4617; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-4617-2013
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bian, H.
AU  - Colarco, P. R.
AU  - Chin, M.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Rodriguez, J. M.
AU  - Liang, Q.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Chu, D. A.
AU  - da Silva, A.
AU  - Darmenov, A. S.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Fuelberg, H. E.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Nielsen, J. E.
AU  - Pan, X.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
T1  - Source attributions of pollution to theWestern Arctic during the NASA ARCTAS field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4707
EP  - 4721
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use the NASA GEOS-5 transport model with tagged tracers to investigate the contributions of different regional sources of CO and black carbon (BC) to their concentrations in the Western Arctic (i.e., 50-90° N and 190- 320° E) in spring and summer 2008. The model is evaluated by comparing the results with airborne measurements of CO and BC from the NASA Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) field campaigns to demonstrate the strengths and limitations of our simulations. We also examine the reliability of tagged CO tracers in characterizing air mass origins using the measured fossil fuel tracer of dichloromethane and the biomass burning tracer of acetonitrile. Our tagged CO simulations suggest that most of the enhanced CO concentrations (above background level from CH4 production) observed during April originate from Asian anthropogenic emissions. Boreal biomass burning emissions and Asian anthropogenic emissions are of similar importance in July domain wise, although the biomass burning CO fraction is much larger in the area of the ARCTAS field experiments. The fraction of CO from Asian anthropogenic emissions is larger in spring than in summer. European sources make up no more than 10% of CO levels in the campaign domain during either period. Comparisons of CO concentrations along the flight tracks with regional averages from GEOS-5 show that the alongtrack measurements are representative of the concentrations within the large domain of the Western Arctic in April but not in July. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric carbon monoxide
KW  - Carbon-black
KW  - Arctic regions
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 87930195; Bian, H. 1,2; Email Address: huisheng.bian@nasa.gov; Colarco, P. R. 2; Chin, M. 2; Chen, G. 3; Rodriguez, J. M. 2; Liang, Q. 2,4; Blake, D. 5; Chu, D. A. 1,2; da Silva, A. 6; Darmenov, A. S. 6,7; Diskin, G. 3; Fuelberg, H. E. 8; Huey, G. 9; Kondo, Y. 10; Nielsen, J. E. 2,7; Pan, X. 2,11; Wisthaler, A. 12; Affiliations: 1: Joint Center for Environmental Technology UMBC, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Universities Space Research Association, GESTAR, Columbia, MD, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; 6: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications Inc, Lanham, MD, USA; 8: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; 9: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 10: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; 11: School of Computer, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; 12: Institut für Ionenphysik, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p4707; Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon-black; Subject Term: Arctic regions ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 8 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-4707-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khaykin, S. M.
AU  - Engel, I.
AU  - Vömel, H.
AU  - Formanyuk, I. M.
AU  - Kivi, R.
AU  - Korshunov, L. I.
AU  - Krämer, M.
AU  - Lykov, A. D.
AU  - Meier, S.
AU  - Naebert, T.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Santee, M. L.
AU  - Spelten, N.
AU  - Wienhold, F. G.
AU  - Yushkov, V. A.
AU  - Peter, T.
T1  - Arctic stratospheric dehydration -- Part 1: Unprecedented observation of vertical redistribution of water.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 13
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 14249
EP  - 14295
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We present high-resolution measurements of water vapour, aerosols and clouds in the Arctic stratosphere in January and February 2010 carried out by in-situ instrumentation on balloon-sondes and high-altitude aircraft combined with satellite observations. The measurements provide unparalleled evidence of dehydration and rehydration due to gravitational settling of ice particles. An extreme cooling of the Arctic stratospheric vortex during the second half of January 2010 resulted in a rare synoptic-scale outbreak of ice PSCs (polar stratospheric clouds) detected remotely by the lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite. The widespread occurrence of ice clouds was followed by sedimentation and consequent sublimation of ice particles, leading to vertical redistribution of water inside the vortex. A sequence of balloon and aircraft soundings with chilled mirror and Lyman-α hygrometers (CFH, FISH, FLASH) and backscatter sondes (COBALD) conducted in January 2010 within the LAPBIAT and RECONCILE campaigns captured various phases of this phenomenon: ice formation, irreversible dehydration and rehydration. Consistent observations of water vapour by these independent measurement techniques show clear signatures of irreversible dehydration of the vortex air by up to 1.6 ppmv in the 20-24 km altitude range and rehydration by up to 0.9 ppmv in a 1 km-thick layer below. Comparison with space-borne Aura MLS water vapour observations allow the spatiotemporal evolution of dehydrated air masses within the Arctic vortex to be derived and upscaled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Water -- Distribution
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Dehydration (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 88777030; Khaykin, S. M. 1,2; Email Address: sehamic@yandex.ru; Engel, I. 3; Vömel, H. 4; Formanyuk, I. M. 1; Kivi, R. 5; Korshunov, L. I. 1; Krämer, M. 6; Lykov, A. D. 1; Meier, S. 4; Naebert, T. 4; Pitts, M. C. 7; Santee, M. L. 8; Spelten, N. 6; Wienhold, F. G. 3; Yushkov, V. A. 1; Peter, T. 3; Affiliations: 1: Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; 2: LATMOS, CNRS-INSU, UMR8190, Université de Versailles St. Quentin, Guyancourt, France; 3: ETH Zurich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zurich, Switzerland; 4: DWD Meteorologisches Observatorium Lindenberg, Germany; 5: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research Centre, Sodankylä, Finland; 6: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Jülich, Germany; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; 8: JPL/NASA, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 5, p14249; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Distribution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Dehydration (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 47p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 8 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-14249-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cardiovascular Responses to Rowing on a Novel Ergometer Designed for Both Resistance and Aerobic Training in Space.
AU  - TESCH, PER A.
AU  - POZZO, MARCO
AU  - AINEGREN, MATS
AU  - SWAREN, MIKAEL
AU  - LINNEHAN, RICHARD M.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 84
IS  - 5
SP  - 516
EP  - 521
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 87326664; Author: TESCH, PER A.: 1,2,3 email: per.tesch@ki.se. Author: POZZO, MARCO: 1,2,3 Author: AINEGREN, MATS: 1,2,3 Author: SWAREN, MIKAEL: 1,2,3 Author: LINNEHAN, RICHARD M.: 1,2,3 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden: 2 Department of Health Sciences and Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden: 3 Astronaut Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20130428
N2  - Background: Astronauts are required to perform both resistance and aerobic exercise while in orbit. This study assessed the aerobic energy yield and related physiological measurements using a nongravity de-pendent flywheel device designed for both resistance and aerobic exer-cise (RAD) in space. Methods: Eight physically active men and women performed all-out rowing on the RAD. For comparison, exercise was also carried out employing a commercially available rowing ergometer (C2). Results: Peak oxygen uptake during exercise using RAD and C2 averaged 3.11 ± 0.49 and 3.18 ± 0.50 L · min-1 respectively. Similarly, peak plasma lactate concentration (9.6 vs. 11.2 mmol · L-1), heart rate (183 vs. 184 bpm), and rate of perceived exertion (15.8 vs. 16.0) were comparable across exercise using the two devices. Discussion: Collectively, the results suggest that this novel exercise modality offers cardiovascular and metabolic responses, and thus aerobic exercise stimulus that is equally effective as that evoked by established technol-ogy for indoor rowing. Given the need for physiologically sound and highly effective exercise countermeasures that features small mass and envelope, and allows for resistance and aerobic exercise in a single apparatus, we believe this novel hardware should be considered for use in space. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *AEROBIC exercises
KW  - *ROWING
KW  - *CARDIOVASCULAR system
KW  - *DYNAMOMETER
KW  - *AVIATION medicine
KW  - ASTRONAUTS -- Training of
KW  - aerobic power
KW  - astronaut health and fitness
KW  - cardiovascular deconditioning
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RENNÓ, NILTON O.
AU  - WILLIAMS, EARLE
AU  - ROSENFELD, DANIEL
AU  - FISCHER, DAVID G.
AU  - FISCHER, JÜRGEN
AU  - KREMIC, TIBOR
AU  - AGRAWAL, ARUN
AU  - ANDREAE, MEINRAT O.
AU  - BIERBAUM, ROSINA
AU  - BLAKESLEE, RICHARD
AU  - BOERNER, ANKO
AU  - BOWLES, NEIL
AU  - CHRISTIAN, HUGH
AU  - COX, ANN
AU  - DUNION, JASON
AU  - HORVATH, AKOS
AU  - XIANGLEI HUANG
AU  - KHAIN, ALEXANDER
AU  - KINNE, STEFAN
AU  - LEMOS, MARIA C.
T1  - CHASER. (cover story)
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 94
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 685
EP  - 694
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The formation of cloud droplets on aerosol particles, technically known as the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), is the fundamental process driving the interactions of aerosols with clouds and precipitation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Decadal Survey indicate that the uncertainty in how clouds adjust to aerosol perturbations dominates the uncertainty in the overall quantification of the radiative forcing attributable to human activities. Measurements by current satellites allow the determination of crude profiles of cloud particle size, but not of the activated CCN that seed them. The Clouds, Hazards, and Aerosols Survey for Earth Researchers (CHASER) mission concept responds to the IPCC and Decadal Survey concerns, utilizing a new technique and high-heritage instruments to measure all the quantities necessary to produce the first global survey maps of activated CCN and the properties of the clouds associated with them. CHASER also determines the activated CCN concentration and cloud thermodynamic forcing simultaneously, allowing the effects of each to be distinguished.  INSETS: HOW WILL CHASER HELP POLICY MAKERS?;WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES ENABLING THE DETERMINATION...;TESTING THE CHASER MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE THROUGH AIRBORNE AND.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Condensation (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Cloud droplets
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Climatic changes
N1  - Accession Number: 87881516; RENNÓ, NILTON O. 1; Email Address: renno@alum.mit.edu; WILLIAMS, EARLE 2; ROSENFELD, DANIEL 3; FISCHER, DAVID G. 4; FISCHER, JÜRGEN 5; KREMIC, TIBOR 4; AGRAWAL, ARUN 6; ANDREAE, MEINRAT O. 7; BIERBAUM, ROSINA 6; BLAKESLEE, RICHARD 8; BOERNER, ANKO 9; BOWLES, NEIL 10; CHRISTIAN, HUGH 11; COX, ANN 12; DUNION, JASON 13; HORVATH, AKOS 14; XIANGLEI HUANG 1; KHAIN, ALEXANDER 3; KINNE, STEFAN 14; LEMOS, MARIA C. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; 3: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel; 4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; 5: Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; 6: School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; 7: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany; 8: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; 9: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany; 10: Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; 11: ESSC/NSSTC, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama; 12: Orbital Sciences Corporation, Dulles, Virginia; 13: Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida; 14: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany; Issue Info: May2013, Vol. 94 Issue 5, p685; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Condensation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Cloud droplets; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00239.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LONG, C. N.
AU  - MCFARLANE, S. A.
AU  - DEL GENIO, A.
AU  - MINNIS, P.
AU  - ACKERMAN, T. P.
AU  - MATHER, J.
AU  - COMSTOCK, J.
AU  - MACE, G. G.
AU  - JENSEN, M.
AU  - JAKOB, C.
T1  - ARM RESEARCH IN THE EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 94
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 695
EP  - 708
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The tropical western Pacific (TWP) is an important climatic region. Strong solar heating, warm sea surface temperatures, and the annual progression of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) across this region generate abundant convective systems, which through their effects on the heat and water budgets have a profound impact on global climate and precipitation. In order to accurately evaluate tropical cloud systems in models, measurements of tropical clouds, the environment in which they reside, and their impact on the radiation and water budgets are needed. Because of the remote location, ground-based datasets of cloud, atmosphere, and radiation properties from the TWP region have come primarily from shortterm field experiments. While providing extremely useful information on physical processes, these short-term datasets are limited in statistical and climatological information. To provide longterm measurements of the surface radiation budget in the tropics and the atmospheric properties that affect it, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program established a measurement site on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, in 1996 and on the island republic of Nauru in late 1998. These sites provide unique datasets now available for more than 10 years on Manus and Nauru. This article presents examples of the scientific use of these datasets including characterization of cloud properties, analysis of cloud radiative forcing, model studies of tropical clouds and processes, and validation of satellite algorithms. New instrumentation recently installed at the Manus site will provide expanded opportunities for tropical atmospheric science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric radiation -- Measurement
KW  - Manus Island (Papua New Guinea)
KW  - Nauru
KW  - Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 87881517; LONG, C. N. 1; Email Address: chuck.long@pnl.gov; MCFARLANE, S. A. 1; DEL GENIO, A. 2; MINNIS, P. 3; ACKERMAN, T. P. 4; MATHER, J. 1; COMSTOCK, J. 1; MACE, G. G. 5; JENSEN, M. 6; JAKOB, C. 7; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 4: JISAO, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 5: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 6: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; 7: Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Issue Info: May2013, Vol. 94 Issue 5, p695; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Subject Term: Atmospheric radiation -- Measurement; Subject: Manus Island (Papua New Guinea); Subject: Nauru ; Company/Entity: Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (U.S.); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00137.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kukavskaya, Elena A.
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Petkov, Alexander P.
AU  - Ponomarev, Evgeni I.
AU  - Ivanova, Galina A.
AU  - Conard, Susan G.
T1  - Fire emissions estimates in Siberia: evaluation of uncertainties in area burned, land cover, and fuel consumption.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
JF  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 506
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00455067
AB  - Boreal forests constitute the world's largest terrestrial carbon pools. The main natural disturbance in these forests is wildfire, which modifies the carbon budget and atmosphere, directly and indirectly. Wildfire emissions in Russia contribute substantially to the global carbon cycle and have potentially important feedbacks to changing climate. Published estimates of carbon emissions from fires in Russian boreal forests vary greatly depending on the methods and data sets used. We examined various fire and vegetation products used to estimate wildfire emissions for Siberia. Large (up to fivefold) differences in annual and monthly area burned estimates for Siberia were found among four satellite-based fire data sets. Official Russian data were typically less than 10% of satellite estimates. Differences in the estimated proportion of annual burned area within each ecosystem were as much as 40% among five land-cover products. As a result, fuel consumption estimates would be expected to vary widely (3%-98%) depending on the specific vegetation mapping product used and as a function of weather conditions. Verification and validation of burned area and land-cover data sets along with the development of fuel maps and combustion models are essential for accurate Siberian wildfire emission estimates, which are central to balancing the carbon budget and assessing feedbacks to climate change. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les forêts boréales constituent le plus important réservoir de carbone de la planète. Le feu, qui modifie directement et indirectement le bilan du carbone et sa concentration dans l'atmosphère, est la principale perturbation naturelle dans ces forêts. Les émissions provenant des feux de forêt en Russie contribuent de façon substantielle au cycle global du carbone et ont des rétroactions potentiellement importantes sur les changements climatiques. Les estimations publiées au sujet des émissions de carbone provenant des feux dans les forêts boréales russes varient grandement selon les méthodes et les jeux de données utilisés. Nous avons examiné différentes données sur les feux et la végétation utilisées pour estimer les émissions provenant des feux de forêt en Sibérie. Nous avons trouvé d'importantes différences (jusqu'au quintuple) dans les estimations annuelles et mensuelles des superficies brûlées en Sibérie faites à partir de quatre jeux de données satellite sur les feux. Les données officielles russes étaient typiquement inférieures de 10 % aux estimations basées sur les données satellite. Les différences dans la proportion estimée de la superficie brûlée annuellement dans chaque écosystème pouvaient atteindre 40 % parmi cinq types de couvert. Par conséquent, on s'attendrait à ce que les estimations de consommation de combustibles varient grandement (3 %-98 %) dépendamment du type particulier de cartographie de la végétation utilisé et en fonction des conditions météorologiques. La vérification et la validation des jeux de données au sujet des superficies brûlées et du couvert terrestre ainsi que l'élaboration de cartes de combustibles et de modèles de combustion sont essentielles pour obtenir des estimations précises des émissions provenant des feux de forêt en Sibérie, lesquelles sont primordiales pour équilibrer le bilan du carbone et évaluer les rétroactions sur les changements climatiques. [Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Ecological disturbances
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Siberia (Russia)
KW  - Russia
N1  - Accession Number: 87517584; Kukavskaya, Elena A.; Soja, Amber J. 1; Petkov, Alexander P. 2; Ponomarev, Evgeni I. 3; Ivanova, Galina A. 3; Conard, Susan G. 4; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA.; 2: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Hwy 10 W., Missoula, MT 59808, USA.; 3: V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.; 4: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Hwy 10 W., Missoula, MT 59808, USA; George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.; Issue Info: May2013, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p493; Thesaurus Term: Energy consumption; Thesaurus Term: Land cover; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Ecological disturbances; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject: Siberia (Russia); Subject: Russia; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/cjfr-2012-0367
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87517584&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finke, Niko
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Polerecky, Lubos
AU  - Buehring, Benjamin
AU  - Thamdrup, Bo
T1  - Competition for inorganic carbon between oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs in a hypersaline microbial mat, Guerrero Negro, Mexico.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1532
EP  - 1550
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - While most oxygenic phototrophs harvest light only in the visible range (400-700 nm, VIS), anoxygenic phototrophs can harvest near infrared light (> 700 nm, NIR). To study interactions between the photosynthetic guilds we used microsensors to measure oxygen and gross oxygenic photosynthesis ( gOP) in a hypersaline microbial mat under full ( VIS +  NIR) and VIS illumination. Under normal dissolved inorganic carbon ( DIC) concentrations (2  mM), volumetric rates of gOP were reduced up to 65% and areal rates by 16-31% at full compared with VIS illumination. This effect was enhanced (reduction up to 100% in volumetric, 50% in areal rates of gOP) when DIC was lowered to 1  mM, but diminished at 10  mM DIC or lowered pH. In conclusion, under full-light illumination anoxygenic phototrophs are able to reduce the activity of oxygenic phototrophs by efficiently competing for inorganic carbon within the highly oxygenated layer. Anoxygenic photosynthesis, calculated from the difference in gOP under full and VIS illumination, represented between 10% and 40% of the C-fixation. The DIC depletion in the euphotic zone as well as the significant C-fixation by anoxygenic phototrophs in the oxic layer influences the carbon isotopic composition of the mat, which needs to be taken into account when interpreting isotopic biosignals in geological records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Marine biology
KW  - Marine microbiology
KW  - Geology
KW  - Guerrero (Mexico : State)
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 87017365; Finke, Niko 1,2; Hoehler, Tori M. 2; Polerecky, Lubos 3; Buehring, Benjamin 4; Thamdrup, Bo 1; Affiliations: 1: Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; 3: Microsensorgroup, Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology; 4: Marum, University of Bremen; Issue Info: May2013, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p1532; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Marine biology; Thesaurus Term: Marine microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Geology; Subject: Guerrero (Mexico : State); Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1462-2920.12032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rault, Didier F.
AU  - Loughman, Robert P.
T1  - The OMPS Limb Profiler Environmental Data Record Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document and Expected Performance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/05//May2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2505
EP  - 2527
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The retrieval algorithm for the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler is described. The goal of the OMPS Limb Profiler is to produce high quality vertical profiles of ozone in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. Additional products include aerosol extinction vertical profiles together with an estimate of the Angstrom coefficient, cloud top height and \NO2 column density. The ozone retrieval algorithm relies on the optimal estimation approach, and uses the Pair/Triplet methodology. Estimates of bias and random errors are presented, together with a brief description of the operational code output products and the planned validation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Algorithm design and analysis
KW  - Atmospheric ozone vertical distribution
KW  - Charge coupled devices
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - Gases
KW  - limb scatter (LS)
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Terrestrial atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 101186430; Rault, Didier F. 1; Loughman, Robert P. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: May2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p2505; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithm design and analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric ozone vertical distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charge coupled devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: limb scatter (LS); Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial atmosphere; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2213093
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=101186430&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cliff, Susan E.
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa A.
AU  - Campbell, Richard L.
AU  - Thomas, Scott D.
T1  - Refined Tetrahedral Meshes with Mach Cone Aligned Prisms for Sonic Boom Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/05//May/Jun2013
Y1  - 2013/05//May/Jun2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 778
EP  - 790
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A tetrahedral mesh generation method for acquiring accurate sonic boom pressure signatures several body lengths from an aircraft model has been developed. The method serves as a tool for aerodynamicists to efficiently create useful meshes for sonic boom analysis. The procedure includes generating a refined near-field grid with a cylindrically shaped boundary that encompasses the model just beyond its surface and a prismatic mesh from the cylindrical boundary to the far field. Projecting the boundary in the radial direction and forming prisms between neighboring layer faces creates the prism mesh. Each prism is subdivided into three tetrahedra resulting in a mesh comprised entirely of tetrahedral cells. The prism structure permits radial stretching and mesh alignment with the Mach cone around the aircraft model for accurate on- and offtrack signatures. Computational results for four models compared with experimental data validate this methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 88181986; Source Information: May/Jun2013, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p778; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031943
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=88181986&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filippova, S.
AU  - Surgucheva, N.
AU  - Kulikov, E.
AU  - Sorokin, V.
AU  - Akimov, V.
AU  - Bej, A.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Andersen, D.
AU  - Galchenko, V.
T1  - Detection of phage infection in the bacterial population of Lake Untersee (Antarctica).
JO  - Microbiology (00262617)
JF  - Microbiology (00262617)
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 386
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00262617
AB  - The article presents information on a study conducted to determine the importance of bacteriophage population of aerobic microorganism in Untersee lake located in Antarctica. The study revealed the importance of bacteriophages in the formation of microbiota as well as maintenance of biogeochemical and ecological processes which occurs in the aquatic ecosystems.
KW  - Bacteriophages
KW  - Aerobic bacteria
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Constance, Lake
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 88060434; Filippova, S. 1; Email Address: svfilipova@mail.ru; Surgucheva, N. 1; Kulikov, E. 1; Sorokin, V. 1; Akimov, V.; Bej, A. 2; McKay, C. 3; Andersen, D. 4; Galchenko, V. 1; Email Address: valgalch@inmi.host.ru; Affiliations: 1: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7, k. 1 Moscow 117312 Russia; 2: 1300 University Blvd CH103, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294 USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, Ames 94035 USA; 4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100 Mountain View 94043 USA; Issue Info: May2013, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p383; Thesaurus Term: Bacteriophages; Thesaurus Term: Aerobic bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemical cycles; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Subject: Constance, Lake; Subject: Antarctica; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1134/S0026261713030041
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=88060434&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Irons, James R.
AU  - Loveland, Thomas R.
T1  - Eighth Landsat Satellite Becomes Operational.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 79
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 398
EP  - 401
SN  - 00991112
AB  - The article reports that the eighth Landsat satellite is now operational. The Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) was launched at Vanderberg Air Force Base, California on February 11, 2013. It carried two Earth observing sensors into orbit, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS).
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Satellite-based remote sensing
KW  - Scientific satellites
KW  - Detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 87469183; Irons, James R. 1,2; Email Address: james.r.irons@nasa.gov; Loveland, Thomas R. 3; Email Address: loveland@usgs.gov; Affiliations: 1: Associate Deputy Director for Atmospheres & LDCM Project Scientist; 2: NASA; 3: Senior Scientists, USGS EROS Center, USGS; Issue Info: May2013, Vol. 79 Issue 5, p398; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Satellite-based remote sensing; Subject Term: Scientific satellites; Subject Term: Detectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dempsey, Paula J.
AU  - Sheng, Shuangwen
T1  - Investigation of data fusion applied to health monitoring of wind turbine drivetrain components.
JO  - Wind Energy
JF  - Wind Energy
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 479
EP  - 489
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 10954244
AB  - ABSTRACT The research described was performed with diagnostic tools used to detect damage to dynamic mechanical components in a wind turbine gearbox. Different monitoring technologies were evaluated by collecting vibration and oil-debris data from tests performed on both a 'healthy' gearbox and a damaged gearbox that were mounted on a dynamometer test stand at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The damaged gearbox tested had been removed from the field after it experienced component damage because of two events that resulted in the loss of oil. The gearbox was re-tested under controlled conditions by using the NREL dynamometer test stand. Preliminary results indicate that oil-debris and vibration data can be integrated to improve the assessment of the health of the wind turbine gearbox. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Wind Energy is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - data fusion
KW  - health monitoring
KW  - oil-debris analysis
KW  - vibration analysis
KW  - wind turbine drivetrain
N1  - Accession Number: 87610880; Dempsey, Paula J. 1; Sheng, Shuangwen 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center; 2: National Renewable Energy Laboratory; Issue Info: May2013, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p479; Author-Supplied Keyword: data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: oil-debris analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibration analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: wind turbine drivetrain; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/we.1512
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Kaltenegger, Lisa
AU  - Rowe, Jason
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Fischer, Debra
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel
AU  - Desert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Bastien, Fabienne
AU  - Boss, Alan
AU  - Brugamyer, Erik
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Burke, Chris
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
T1  - Kepler-62: A Five-Planet System with Planets of 1.4 and 1.6 Earth Radii in the Habitable Zone.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/05/03/
VL  - 340
IS  - 6132
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 590
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We present the detection of five planets—Kepler-62b, c, d, e, and f—of size 1.31, 0.54, 1.95,1.61 and 1.41 Earth radii (R...), orbiting a K2V star at periods of 5.7, 12.4, 18.2, 122.4, and 267.3 days, respectively. The outermost planets, Kepler-62e and -62f, are super-Earth-size (1.25 R... < planet radius < 2.0 R...) planets in the habitable zone of their host star, respectively receiving 1.2 ± 0.2 times and 0.41 ± 0.05 times the solar flux at Earth's orbit. Theoretical models of Kepler-62e and -62f for a stellar age of - 7 billion years suggest that both planets could be solid, either with a rocky composition or composed of mostly solid water in their bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Detection
KW  - Stars with planets
KW  - Planets -- Diameters
KW  - Habitable planets
KW  - Origin of planets
KW  - Kepler (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 87534265; Borucki, William J. 1; Agol, Eric 2; Fressin, Francois 3; Kaltenegger, Lisa 3,4; Rowe, Jason 5; Isaacson, Howard 6; Fischer, Debra 7; Batalha, Natalie 1; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Marcy, Geoffrey W. 6; Fabrycky, Daniel 8,9; Desert, Jean-Michel 3; Bryson, Stephen T. 1; Barclay, Thomas 10; Bastien, Fabienne 11; Boss, Alan 12; Brugamyer, Erik 13; Buchhave, Lars A. 14,15; Burke, Chris 5; Caldwell, Douglas A. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; 3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 4: Max Planck Institute of Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany; 5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 6: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 7: Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; 8: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 9: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 10: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 11: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; 12: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA; 13: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 14: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 15: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Issue Info: 5/3/2013, Vol. 340 Issue 6132, p587; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Detection; Subject Term: Stars with planets; Subject Term: Planets -- Diameters; Subject Term: Habitable planets; Subject Term: Origin of planets ; Company/Entity: Kepler (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1234702
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwerdt, Helen N.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Chae, Junseok
T1  - Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields Induced in Operation of a Wireless Fully Passive Backscattering Neurorecording Microsystem in Emulated Human Head Tissue.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/05/15/May2013 Part 2
VL  - 61
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2170
EP  - 2176
SN  - 00189480
AB  - <?Pub Dtl?>This paper reports on a fully passive microsystem that wirelessly records and transmits neuropotentials exclusively by means of electromagnetic backscattering techniques, affording substantially simpler circuitry and potentially safer and more reliable approach for implantable wireless neurorecording. A fundamental practical barrier for wireless brain-implantable microsystems includes heat dissipation by on-chip circuitry, which may cause permanent brain damage. Hence, measurement of thermal profiles of surrounding tissue induced by operation of wireless implants is imperative in assessing the safety of these devices. Evaluation of specific absorption rate (SAR) is especially relevant for wireless electromagnetic transmission schemes operating at microwave frequencies and directly relates to the heat generated within biological tissue media. In this study, computational and empirical methods are used to measure SAR within a human-head-equivalent phantom during operation of the embedded fully passive wireless neurorecording microsystem. The maximum average SAR, coinciding with the worst case scenario, measured within 1 g of brain tissue is <\0.45\pm \0.11 W/kg, complying with the U.S. FCC threshold (1.6 W/kg). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - HEAD -- Physiology
KW  - TISSUES -- Electric properties
KW  - PASSIVE components
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - BRAIN-computer interfaces
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - brain–machine interfaces
KW  - implantable electronics
KW  - microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
KW  - passive devices
KW  - specific absorption rate (SAR)
N1  - Accession Number: 87550598; Schwerdt, Helen N. 1; Miranda, Felix A. 2; Chae, Junseok 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: May2013 Part 2, Vol. 61 Issue 5, p2170; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: HEAD -- Physiology; Subject Term: TISSUES -- Electric properties; Subject Term: PASSIVE components; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: BRAIN-computer interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: brain–machine interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: implantable electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); Author-Supplied Keyword: passive devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: specific absorption rate (SAR); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2252916
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hsu, Su-Yuen
AU  - Cheng, Ron-Bin
T1  - Modeling geometry and progressive interfacial damage in textile composites.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2013/05/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1343
EP  - 1356
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A procedure combining geometrically nonlinear, explicit dynamic contact analysis, computer-aided-design techniques, elasticity-based mesh deformation, and cohesive contact modeling is proposed to efficiently construct practical finite element models for meso-mechanical analysis of progressive damage in textile composites. In the procedure, the geometry of the fiber tows is computed by imposing a fictitious expansion on the tows. Meshes resulting from the procedure are incongruent at the computed tow-tow and tow-matrix interfaces. The interfaces are treated as cohesive contact surfaces not only to resolve the incongruence but also to simulate progressive interfacial damage. Example meshes are constructed for two plain weaves, a ceramic-matrix composite with matrix porosity and a polymeric-matrix composite without porosity. To verify the meshes and interfaces, the composite models are simplified to only have interfacial damage in numerical experiments of uniaxial cyclic loading. Although the computed progression of damage is rather complex, anticipated major qualitative characteristics are reproduced in the computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - TEXTILES
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - cohesive model
KW  - contact
KW  - finite element
KW  - geometry
KW  - interface
KW  - meso-mechanical analysis
KW  - progressive damage
KW  - Textile composite material
N1  - Accession Number: 87598777; Hsu, Su-Yuen 1; Cheng, Ron-Bin 2; Source Information: May2013, Vol. 47 Issue 11, p1343; Subject: STRENGTH of materials; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MATTER -- Properties; Subject: TEXTILES; Subject: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: cohesive model; Author-Supplied Keyword: contact; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: geometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: meso-mechanical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: progressive damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Textile composite material; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6858
L3  - 10.1177/0021998312447207
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, Radomir
AU  - Tantoyotai, Prapakorn
AU  - Fakra, Sirine C.
AU  - Marcus, Matthew A.
AU  - Soo In Yang
AU  - Pickering, Ingrid J.
AU  - Bañuelos, Gary S.
AU  - Hristova, Krassimira R.
AU  - Freeman, John L.
T1  - Selenium Biotransformations in an Engineered Aquatic Ecosystem for Bioremediation of Agricultural Wastewater via Brine Shrimp Production.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/05/21/
VL  - 47
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 5057
EP  - 5065
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - An engineered aquatic ecosystem was specifically designed to bioremediate selenium (Se), occurring as oxidized inorganic selenate from hypersalinized agricultural drainage water while producing brine shrimp enriched in organic Se and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for use in value added nutraceutical food supplements. Selenate was successfully bioremediated by microalgal metabolism into organic Se (seleno-amino acids) and partially removed via gaseous volatile Se formation. Furthermore, filter-feeding brine shrimp that accumulated this organic Se were removed by net harvest. Thriving in this engineered pond system, brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana Kellogg) and brine fly (Ephydridae sp.) have major ecological relevance as important food sources for large populations of waterfowl, breeding, and migratory shore birds. This aquatic ecosystem was an ideal model for study because it mimics trophic interactions in a Se polluted wetland. Inorganic selenate in drainage water was metabolized differently in microalgae, bacteria, and diatoms where it was accumulated and reduced into various inorganic forms (selenite, selenide, or elemental Se) or partially incorporated into organic Se mainly as selenomethionine. Brine shrimp and brine fly larva then bioaccumulated Se from ingesting aquatic microorganisms and further metabolized Se predominately into organic Se forms. Importantly, adult brine flies, which hatched from aquatic larva, bioaccumulated the highest Se concentrations of all organisms tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Selenium -- Physiological effect
KW  - Bioremediation -- Research
KW  - Bioaccumulation in Crustacea
KW  - Biotransformation (Metabolism) -- Research
KW  - Selenium in the body
KW  - Artemia -- Research
KW  - Ephydridae
KW  - Bioaccumulation in invertebrates
N1  - Accession Number: 87970914; Schmidt, Radomir 1; Tantoyotai, Prapakorn 1; Fakra, Sirine C. 2; Marcus, Matthew A. 2; Soo In Yang 3; Pickering, Ingrid J. 3; Bañuelos, Gary S. 4; Hristova, Krassimira R. 1,5; Email Address: krassimira.hristova@marquette.edu; Freeman, John L. 6,7; Email Address: John.L.Freeman@NASA.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States; 2: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States; 3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada; 4: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, SJVASC, Water Management Research Division, Parlier, California 93648, United States; 5: Biological Sciences Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States; 6: Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, California 93740, United States; 7: Intrinsyx Technologies Corporation Inc. Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Issue Info: 5/21/2013, Vol. 47 Issue 10, p5057; Thesaurus Term: Selenium -- Physiological effect; Thesaurus Term: Bioremediation -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Bioaccumulation in Crustacea; Subject Term: Biotransformation (Metabolism) -- Research; Subject Term: Selenium in the body; Subject Term: Artemia -- Research; Subject Term: Ephydridae; Subject Term: Bioaccumulation in invertebrates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es305001n
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baustian, K. J.
AU  - Wise, M. E.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Schill, G. P.
AU  - Freedman, M. A.
AU  - Tolbert, M. A.
T1  - State transformations and ice nucleation in amorphous (semi-)solid organic aerosol.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 13
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 5615
EP  - 5628
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Amorphous (semi-)solid organic aerosol particles have the potential to serve as surfaces for heterogeneous ice nucleation in cirrus clouds. Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy have been used in conjunction with a cold stage to examine water uptake and ice nucleation on individual amorphous (semi-)solid particles at atmospherically relevant temperatures (200-273 K). Three organic compounds considered proxies for atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) were used in this investigation: sucrose, citric acid and glucose. Internally mixed particles consisting of each organic and ammonium sulfate were also investigated. Results from water uptake experiments followed the shape of a humidity-induced glass transition (Tg(RH)) curve and were used to construct state diagrams for each organic and corresponding mixture. Experimentally derived Tg(RH) curves are in good agreement with theoretical predictions of Tg(RH) following the approach of Koop et al. (2011). A unique humidity-induced glass transition point on each state diagram, T' g(RH), was used to quantify and compare results from this study to previous works. Values of T' g(RH) determined for sucrose, glucose and citric acid glasses were 236, 230 and 220 K, respectively. Values of T' g(RH) for internally mixed organic/sulfate particles were always significantly lower; 210, 207 and 215K for sucrose/sulfate, glucose/ sulfate and citric acid/sulfate, respectively. All investigated SOA proxies were observed to act as heterogeneous ice nuclei at tropospheric temperatures. Heterogeneous ice nucleation on pure organic particles occurred at Sice = 1.1-1.4 for temperatures below 235 K. Particles consisting of 1:1 organic-sulfate mixtures took up water over a greater range of conditions but were in some cases also observed to heterogeneously nucleate ice at temperatures below 202K (Sice = 1.25-1.38). Polynomial curves were fitted to experimental water uptake data and then incorporated into the Community Aerosol Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) along with the predicted range of humidity-induced glass transition temperatures for atmospheric SOA from Koop et al. (2011). Model results suggest that organic and organic/sulfate aerosol could be glassy more than 60% of the time in the midlatitude upper troposphere and more than 40% of the time in the tropical tropopause region (TTL). At conditions favorable for ice formation (Sice >1), particles in the TTL are expected to be glassy more than 50% of the time for temperatures below 200 K. Results from this study suggests that amorphous (semi-)solid organic particles are often present in the upper troposphere and that heterogeneous ice formation on this type of particle may play an important role in cirrus cloud formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Ammonium sulfate
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Glass transitions
N1  - Accession Number: 93739888; Baustian, K. J. 1,2; Email Address: k.baustian@leeds.ac.uk; Wise, M. E. 1,3; Jensen, E. J. 4; Schill, G. P. 5,6; Freedman, M. A. 7; Tolbert, M. A. 5,6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 2: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 3: College of Theology, Arts and Sciences, Concordia University, Portland, OR, 97211, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 7: Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 11, p5615; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Ammonium sulfate; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Subject Term: Glass transitions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-5615-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farley, K.A.
AU  - Hurowitz, J.A.
AU  - Asimow, P.D.
AU  - Jacobson, N.S.
AU  - Cartwright, J.A.
T1  - A double-spike method for K–Ar measurement: A technique for high precision in situ dating on Mars and other planetary surfaces
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 110
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: A new method for K–Ar dating using a double isotope dilution technique is proposed and demonstrated. The method is designed to eliminate known difficulties facing in situ dating on planetary surfaces, especially instrument complexity and power availability. It may also have applicability in some terrestrial dating applications. Key to the method is the use of a solid tracer spike enriched in both 39Ar and 41K. When mixed with lithium borate flux in a Knudsen effusion cell, this tracer spike and a sample to be dated can be successfully fused and degassed of Ar at <1000°C. The evolved 40Ar∗/39Ar ratio can be measured to high precision using noble gas mass spectrometry. After argon measurement the sample melt is heated to a slightly higher temperature (∼1030°C) to volatilize potassium, and the evolved 39K/41K ratio measured by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. Combined with the known composition of the tracer spike, these two ratios define the K–Ar age using a single sample aliquot and without the need for extreme temperature or a mass determination. In principle the method can be implemented using a single mass spectrometer. Experiments indicate that quantitative extraction of argon from a basalt sample occurs at a sufficiently low temperature that potassium loss in this step is unimportant. Similarly, potassium isotope ratios measured in the Knudsen apparatus indicate good sample-spike equilibration and acceptably small isotopic fractionation. When applied to a flood basalt from the Viluy Traps, Siberia, a K–Ar age of 351±19Ma was obtained, a result within 1% of the independently known age. For practical reasons this measurement was made on two separate mass spectrometers, but a scheme for combining the measurements in a single analytical instrument is described. Because both parent and daughter are determined by isotope dilution, the precision on K–Ar ages obtained by the double isotope dilution method should routinely approach that of a pair of isotope ratio determinations, likely better than ±5%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Noble gases
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Isotope dilution analysis
KW  - Knudsen flow
KW  - Radioactive dating
KW  - Lithium borate
KW  - Argon
KW  - Mars (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 86922411; Farley, K.A. 1; Email Address: farley@gps.caltech.edu; Hurowitz, J.A. 2; Asimow, P.D. 1; Jacobson, N.S. 3; Cartwright, J.A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jun2013, Vol. 110, p1; Thesaurus Term: Noble gases; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Isotope dilution analysis; Subject Term: Knudsen flow; Subject Term: Radioactive dating; Subject Term: Lithium borate; Subject Term: Argon; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2013.02.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104189750
T1  - The effectiveness of airline pilot training for abnormal events.
AU  - Casner, Stephen M
AU  - Geven, Richard W
AU  - Williams, Kent T
Y1  - 2013/06//
N1  - Accession Number: 104189750. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130823. Revision Date: 20170228. Publication Type: journal article; research. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology. NLM UID: 0374660. 
KW  - Accidents, Aviation -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Aviation
KW  - Professional Competence
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
KW  - Adult
KW  - Decision Making
KW  - Human
KW  - Learning
KW  - Teaching -- Standards
KW  - Weather
SP  - 477
EP  - 485
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
JA  - HUM FACTORS
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
AB  - Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of airline pilot training for abnormal in-flight events.Background: Numerous accident reports describe situations in which pilots responded to abnormal events in ways that were different from what they had practiced many times before. One explanation for these missteps is that training and testing for these skills have become a highly predictable routine for pilots who arrive to the training environment well aware of what to expect. Under these circumstances, pilots get plentiful practice in responding to abnormal events but may get little practice in recognizing them and deciding which responses to offer.Method: We presented 18 airline pilots with three abnormal events that are required during periodic training and testing. Pilots were presented with each event under the familiar circumstances used during training and also under less predictable circumstances as they might occur during flight.Results: When presented in the routine ways seen during training, pilots gave appropriate responses and showed little variability. However, when the abnormal events were presented unexpectedly, pilots' responses were less appropriate and showed great variability from pilot to pilot.Conclusion: The results suggest that the training and testing practices used in airline training may result in rote-memorized skills that are specific to the training situation and that offer modest generalizability to other situations. We recommend a more complete treatment of abnormal events that allows pilots to practice recognizing the event and choosing and recalling the appropriate response.Application: The results will aid the improvement of existing airline training practices.
SN  - 0018-7208
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. stephen.casner@nasa.gov
U2  - PMID: 23829023.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DOELLING, DAVID R.
AU  - LOEB, NORMAN G.
AU  - KEYES, DENNIS F.
AU  - NORDEEN, MICHELE L.
AU  - MORSTAD, DANIEL
AU  - NGUY, CATHY
AU  - WIELICKI, BRUCE A.
AU  - YOUNG, DAVID F.
AU  - MOGUO SUN
T1  - Geostationary Enhanced Temporal Interpolation for CERES Flux Products.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1090
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on board the Terra and Aqua spacecraft continue to provide an unprecedented global climate record of the earth's top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy budget since March 2000. A critical step in determining accurate daily averaged flux involves estimating the flux between CERES Terra or Aqua overpass times. CERES employs the CERES-only (CO) and the CERES geostationary (CG) temporal interpolation methods. The CO method assumes that the cloud properties at the time of the CERES observation remain constant and that it only accounts for changes in albedo with solar zenith angle and diurnal land heating, by assuming a shape for unresolved changes in the diurnal cycle. The CG method enhances the CERES data by explicitly accounting for changes in cloud and radiation between CERES observation times using 3-hourly imager data from five geostationary (GEO) satellites. To maintain calibration traceability, GEO radiances are calibrated against Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the derived GEO fluxes are normalized to the CERES measurements. While the regional (1° latitude x 1° longitude) monthly-mean difference between the CG and CO methods can exceed 25 W m-2 over marine stratus and land convection, these regional biases nearly cancel in the global mean. The regional monthly CG shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) flux uncertainty is reduced by 20%, whereas the daily uncertainty is reduced by 50% and 20%, respectively, over the CO method, based on comparisons with 15-min Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Energy budget (Geophysics)
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Geostationary satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 88456129; DOELLING, DAVID R. 1; Email Address: david.r.doelling@nasa.gov; LOEB, NORMAN G. 1; KEYES, DENNIS F. 2; NORDEEN, MICHELE L. 2; MORSTAD, DANIEL 2; NGUY, CATHY 2; WIELICKI, BRUCE A. 1; YOUNG, DAVID F. 1; MOGUO SUN 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jun2013, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1072; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Spectroradiometer; Thesaurus Term: Energy budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00136.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ROSE, FRED G.
AU  - RUTAN, DAVID A.
AU  - CHARLOCK, THOMAS
AU  - SMITH, G. LOUIS
AU  - KATO, SEIJI
T1  - An Algorithm for the Constraining of Radiative Transfer Calculations to CERES-Observed Broadband Top-of-Atmosphere Irradiance.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1091
EP  - 1106
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project is responsible for operation and data processing of observations from scanning radiometers on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Terra, Aqua, and Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) sateliites. The clouds and radiative swath (CRS) CERES data product contains irradiances computed using a radiative transfer model for nearly all CERES footprints in addition to top-of-atmosphere (TOA) irradiances derived from observed radiances by CERES instruments. This paper describes a method to constrain computed irradiances by CERES-derived TOA irradiances using Lagrangian multipliers. Radiative transfer model inputs include profiles of atmospheric temperature, humidity, aerosols and ozone, surface temperature and albedo, and up to two sets of cloud properties for a CERES footprint. Those inputs are adjusted depending on predefined uncertainties to match computed TOA and CERES-derived TOA irradiance. Because CERES instantaneous irradiances for an individual footprint also include uncertainties, primarily due to the conversion of radiance to irradiance using anisotropic directional models, the degree of the constraint depends on CERES-derived TOA irradiance as well. As a result of adjustment, TOA computed-minus-observed standard deviations are reduced from 8 to 4 W m-2 for longwave irradiance and from 15 to 6 W m-2 for shortwave irradiance. While agreement of computed TOA with CERES-derived irradiances improves, comparisons with surface observations show that model constrainment to the TOA does not reduce computation bias error at the surface. After constrainment, shortwave down at the surface has an increased bias (standard deviation) of 1% (0.5%) and longwave increases by 0.2% (0.1%). Clear-sky changes are negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 88456130; ROSE, FRED G. 1; RUTAN, DAVID A. 1; Email Address: david.a.rutan@nasa.gov; CHARLOCK, THOMAS 2; SMITH, G. LOUIS 1; KATO, SEIJI 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jun2013, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1091; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Anisotropy; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Solar radiation ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 13 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00058.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Lingyu
AU  - Leckey, Cara AC
T1  - Lamb wave–based quantitative crack detection using a focusing array algorithm.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 24
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1138
EP  - 1152
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - Cracks are common defects in aluminum plate-like components that are in widespread use in aerospace, shipbuilding, and other industries. Ultrasonic detection using Lamb waves has proven to be an efficient method for crack detection and localization. However, quantitative information regarding crack size or orientation is of paramount importance for damage diagnosis and life prediction. In this article, employing a sparsely arranged piezoelectric sensor array, a quantitative crack detection and imaging approach using a Lamb wave–focusing array algorithm is developed and presented. Additionally, Lamb wave propagation on thin-wall plates and wave interaction with crack damage was studied using three-dimensional elastodynamic finite integration technique. The focusing array imaging algorithm was then developed and applied to both simulation and experimental data to generate intensity images of the structure under interrogation. Experimentally, wafer-type piezoelectric actuators/sensors are permanently installed on the testing structure to generate Lamb waves as well as to measure the waves propagating through the structures. Our results show that when applied to either experimental or simulated data, the focusing array algorithms yield images containing quantitative damage information. The results also demonstrate that three-dimensional elastodynamic finite integration technique can be used for future simulation-based investigations of sensing optimization for various damage scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - SHIPBUILDING industry
KW  - LAMB waves
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - ALUMINUM plates
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - crack detection
KW  - elastodynamic finite integration technique
KW  - finite integration
KW  - Focusing array imaging
KW  - Lamb waves
KW  - piezoelectric wafer sensors
KW  - simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 87730570; Yu, Lingyu 1; Leckey, Cara AC 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; 2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Jun2013, Vol. 24 Issue 9, p1138; Thesaurus Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Thesaurus Term: AEROSPACE industries; Thesaurus Term: SHIPBUILDING industry; Subject Term: LAMB waves; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: ALUMINUM plates; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: crack detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: elastodynamic finite integration technique; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Focusing array imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lamb waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric wafer sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336611 Ship Building and Repairing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7390
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X12469452
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=87730570&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, Wing C.
AU  - Zalesak, Selina
AU  - Yoets, Airan
AU  - Capriotti, Jason
AU  - Smith, Melanie J.
AU  - Castro, Victoria A.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Larrañaga, Michael
T1  - Effectiveness of HEPA Filter Vacuum in Removing Transient Microbial Contaminants on Cargo Bags Destined for the International Space Station.
JO  - Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene
JF  - Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - D71
EP  - D75
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 15459624
AB  - The article discusses the efficacy of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration in the removal of transient microbial contaminants on cargo bags that are meant to supply to the International Space Station (ISS). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) find that vacuum dust collection (VDC) systems equipped with HEPA filters appear to be a feasible option for controlling occupational and residential exposure to contaminants.
KW  - Microbial contamination
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Medical equipment contamination
KW  - Filters & filtration -- Evaluation
KW  - Sterilization (Disinfection) -- Methodology
KW  - Gloves
KW  - Research -- Finance
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Statistical hypothesis testing
KW  - Vacuum
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Texas
N1  - Accession Number: 87978502; Wong, Wing C. 1,2; Email Address: wing.wong@nist.gov; Zalesak, Selina 3; Yoets, Airan 1; Capriotti, Jason 2; Smith, Melanie J. 1; Castro, Victoria A. 1; Pierson, Duane L. 4; Larrañaga, Michael; Affiliations: 1: Enterprise Advisory Services, Houston, Texas; 2: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland; 3: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas; 4: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas; Issue Info: Jun2013, Vol. 10 Issue 6, pD71; Thesaurus Term: Microbial contamination; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Medical equipment contamination; Subject Term: Filters & filtration -- Evaluation; Subject Term: Sterilization (Disinfection) -- Methodology; Subject Term: Gloves; Subject Term: Research -- Finance; Subject Term: Space flight; Subject Term: Statistical hypothesis testing; Subject Term: Vacuum; Subject Term: Prevention; Subject: Texas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414110 Clothing and clothing accessories merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315190 Other Apparel Knitting Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315210 Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315990 Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15459624.2013.784179
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=87978502&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107947120
T1  - Effectiveness of HEPA Filter Vacuum in Removing Transient Microbial Contaminants on Cargo Bags Destined for the International Space Station.
AU  - Wong, Wing C.
AU  - Zalesak, Selina
AU  - Yoets, Airan
AU  - Capriotti, Jason
AU  - Smith, Melanie J.
AU  - Castro, Victoria A.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Larrañaga, Michael
Y1  - 2013/06//
N1  - Accession Number: 107947120. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130607. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Occupational Therapy. Grant Information: NASA ISS funding NAS9-02078.. NLM UID: 101189458. 
KW  - Vacuum
KW  - Filtration -- Evaluation
KW  - Microbial Contamination
KW  - Equipment Contamination -- Prevention and Control
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Human
KW  - Texas
KW  - Sterilization and Disinfection -- Methods
KW  - Particulate Matter
KW  - Gloves
KW  - Two-Tailed Test
KW  - Microbial Contamination -- Classification
KW  - Funding Source
SP  - D71
EP  - 5
JO  - Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene
JF  - Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene
JA  - J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 1545-9624
AD  - Enterprise Advisory Services, Houston, Texas; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas
AD  - Enterprise Advisory Services, Houston, Texas
AD  - National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
AD  - Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas
U2  - PMID: 23621341.
DO  - 10.1080/15459624.2013.784179
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=107947120&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, L.
AU  - Myneni, R. B.
AU  - Chapin III, F. S.
AU  - Callaghan, T. V.
AU  - Pinzon, J. E.
AU  - Tucker, C. J.
AU  - Zhu, Z.
AU  - Bi, J.
AU  - Ciais, P.
AU  - Tømmervik, H.
AU  - Euskirchen, E. S.
AU  - Forbes, B. C.
AU  - Piao, S. L.
AU  - Anderson, B. T.
AU  - Ganguly, S.
AU  - Nemani, R. R.
AU  - Goetz, S. J.
AU  - Beck, P. S. A.
AU  - Bunn, A. G.
AU  - Cao, C.
T1  - Temperature and vegetation seasonality diminishment over northern lands.
JO  - Nature Climate Change
JF  - Nature Climate Change
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 581
EP  - 586
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 1758678X
AB  - Global temperature is increasing, especially over northern lands (>50° N), owing to positive feedbacks. As this increase is most pronounced in winter, temperature seasonality (ST)-conventionally defined as the difference between summer and winter temperatures-is diminishing over time, a phenomenon that is analogous to its equatorward decline at an annual scale. The initiation, termination and performance of vegetation photosynthetic activity are tied to threshold temperatures. Trends in the timing of these thresholds and cumulative temperatures above them may alter vegetation productivity, or modify vegetation seasonality (SV), over time. The relationship between ST and SV is critically examined here with newly improved ground and satellite data sets. The observed diminishment of ST and SV is equivalent to 4° and 7° (5° and 6°) latitudinal shift equatorward during the past 30 years in the Arctic (boreal) region. Analysis of simulations from 17 state-of-the-art climate models indicates an additional STdiminishment equivalent to a 20° equatorward shift could occur this century. How SV will change in response to such large projected ST declines and the impact this will have on ecosystem services are not well understood. Hence the need for continued monitoring of northern lands as their seasonal temperature profiles evolve to resemble thosefurther south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Climate Change is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Global temperature changes -- Environmental aspects
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Seasonal temperature variations
KW  - Seasons -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Effect of global warming on plants
N1  - Accession Number: 100250806; Xu, L. 1; Myneni, R. B. 1; Chapin III, F. S. 2; Callaghan, T. V. 3; Pinzon, J. E. 4; Tucker, C. J. 4; Zhu, Z. 5; Bi, J. 5; Ciais, P. 6; Tømmervik, H. 7; Euskirchen, E. S. 2; Forbes, B. C. 8; Piao, S. L. 9; Anderson, B. T. 5; Ganguly, S. 10; Nemani, R. R. 11; Goetz, S. J. 12; Beck, P. S. A. 12; Bunn, A. G. 13; Cao, C. 14; Affiliations: 1: 1] Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2]; 2: Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; 3: 1] Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 50005, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden [2] Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK; 4: Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 5: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; 6: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France; 7: Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram-High North Research Center for Climate and the Environment, N-9296 Tromsø, Norway; 8: Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland; 9: 1] Department of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; 10: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 11: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 12: The Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole, Falmouth, Massachusetts 02540, USA; 13: Department of Environmental Sciences, Huxley College, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA; 14: 1] State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China [2] School of Resource and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731, China; Issue Info: Jun2013, Vol. 3 Issue 6, p581; Thesaurus Term: Global temperature changes -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Seasonal temperature variations; Subject Term: Seasons -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Vegetation & climate; Subject Term: Effect of global warming on plants; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nclimate1836
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100250806&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xapsos
AU  - O'Neill
AU  - O'Brien, T. Paul
T1  - Near-Earth Space Radiation Models.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2013/06/10/Jun2013 Part 2
VL  - 60
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1691
EP  - 1705
SN  - 00189499
AB  - Review of models of the near-Earth space radiation environment is presented, including recent developments in trapped proton and electron, galactic cosmic ray and solar particle event models geared toward spacecraft electronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Ionizing radiation
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Space environment
KW  - Astrionics
KW  - Belts
KW  - Data models
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Monte Carlo methods
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Protons
KW  - Satellites
KW  - solar particle events
KW  - space radiation models
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - trapped particles
N1  - Accession Number: 88206564; Xapsos 1; O'Neill 2; O'Brien, T. Paul 3; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA; 3: Aerospace Corporation, Chantilly, VA, USA; Issue Info: Jun2013 Part 2, Vol. 60 Issue 3, p1691; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Ionizing radiation; Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Galactic cosmic rays; Subject Term: Space environment; Subject Term: Astrionics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Belts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar particle events; Author-Supplied Keyword: space radiation models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: trapped particles; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2012.2225846
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=88206564&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cziczo, Daniel J.
AU  - Froyd, Karl D.
AU  - Hoose, Corinna
AU  - Jensen, Eric J.
AU  - Diao, Minghui
AU  - Zondlo, Mark A.
AU  - Smith, Jessica B.
AU  - Twohy, Cynthia H.
AU  - Murphy, Daniel M.
T1  - Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/06/14/
VL  - 340
IS  - 6138
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1324
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Formation of cirrus clouds depends on the availability of ice nuclei to begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. Although it is known that only a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective have not been established. We have determined in situ the composition of the residual particles within cirrus crystals after the ice was sublimated. Our results demonstrate that mineral dust and metallic particles are the dominant source of residual particles, whereas sulfate and organic particles are underrepresented, and elemental carbon and biological materials are essentially absent. Further, composition analysis combined with relative humidity measurements suggests that heterogeneous freezing was the dominant formation mechanism of these clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Cloud physics
KW  - Ice nuclei
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Condensation (Meteorology)
KW  - Hygrometry
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Mineral dusts -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 88323971; Cziczo, Daniel J. 1; Email Address: djcziczo@mit.edu; Froyd, Karl D. 2,3; Hoose, Corinna 4; Jensen, Eric J. 5; Diao, Minghui 6; Zondlo, Mark A. 6; Smith, Jessica B. 7; Twohy, Cynthia H. 8; Murphy, Daniel M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave-nue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 4: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Aerosol Re-search, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; 7: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 8: College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Issue Info: 6/14/2013, Vol. 340 Issue 6138, p1320; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Cloud physics; Thesaurus Term: Ice nuclei; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Condensation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Hygrometry; Subject Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Mineral dusts -- Environmental aspects; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1234145
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=88323971&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moradi, Isaac
AU  - Meng, Huan
AU  - Ferraro, Ralph R.
AU  - Bilanow, Stephen
T1  - Correcting Geolocation Errors for Microwave Instruments Aboard NOAA Satellites.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/06/15/Jun2013 Part 2
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3625
EP  - 3637
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Microwave (MW) satellite data are widely used as input in numerical weather prediction models and also in other applications such as climate monitoring and re-analysis. MW satellite data are prone to different problems, including geolocation errors. These data do not have a fine spatial resolution like visible and infrared data; therefore, the accuracy of their geolocation cannot be easily determined using the normal methods such as superimposing coastlines on the satellite images. Currently, no geolocation correction is performed on data from MW instruments aboard the satellites in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar Operational Environmental Satellite program. However, geolocation error can be a significant source of bias in the satellite measurements. In this paper, we investigated and corrected the geolocation errors of the observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)-A aboard NOAA-15 to NOAA-19, AMSU-B aboard NOAA-15 to NOAA-17, and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) aboard NOAA-18 and NOAA-19. We used the difference between ascending and descending observations along the coastlines to quantify the geolocation errors in terms of the satellite attitudes (Euler angles), i.e., pitch, roll, and yaw. Then, new geographical coordinates and scan/local zenith angles were calculated using new attitudes. The results show that NOAA-15 AMSU-A2 instrument has a mounting error of about 1.2 ^\circ cross-track, and -0.5^\circ along-track, NOAA-16 AMSU-A1 and -A2 instruments have a mounting error of about -0.5^\circ along-track, and NOAA-18 AMSU-A2 instrument has a mounting error of more than -1^\circ along-track. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - MICROWAVE remote sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - EULER angles
KW  - Earth
KW  - Geolocation
KW  - Geology
KW  - Instruments
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
KW  - navigation
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - satellite
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - satellite tracking
KW  - Satellites
KW  - US Government agencies
KW  - UNITED States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 95451732; Moradi, Isaac 1; Meng, Huan 2; Ferraro, Ralph R. 2; Bilanow, Stephen 3; Affiliations: 1: Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 2: Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA; 3: Wyle Information Systems, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, USA; Issue Info: Jun2013 Part 2, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p3625; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: MICROWAVE remote sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: EULER angles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geolocation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Author-Supplied Keyword: navigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: US Government agencies ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2225840
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=95451732&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RIOS, JOSEPH
T1  - Algorithm 928: A General, Parallel Implementation of Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition.
JO  - ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
JF  - ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 39
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 21:10
SN  - 00983500
AB  - Dantzig--Wolfe Decomposition is recognized as a powerful, algorithmic tool for solving linear programs of block-angular form. While use of the approach has been reported in a wide variety of domains, there has not been a general implementation of Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition available. This article describes an opensource implementation of the algorithm. It is general in the sense that any properly decomposed linear program can be provided to the software for solving. While the original description of the algorithm was motivated by its reduced memory usage, modern computers can also take advantage of the algorithm's inherent parallelism. This implementation is parallel and built upon the POSIX threads (pthreads) library. Some computational results are provided to motivate use of such parallel solvers, as this implementation outperforms state-of-the-art commercial solvers in terms of wall-clock runtime by an order of magnitude or more on several problem instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - LINEAR programming
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SOFTWARE
KW  - MATHEMATICS software
KW  - Linear programming
KW  - optimization
KW  - parallel implementations
N1  - Accession Number: 108914292; RIOS, JOSEPH 1; Email Address: joseph.l.rios@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 39 Issue 3, p21; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: LINEAR programming; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SOFTWARE; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: parallel implementations; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4234
L3  - 10.1145/2450153.2450159
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=108914292&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Morgan, Jennifer L. L.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Iron status and its relations with oxidative damage and bone loss during long-duration space flight on the International Space Station.
JO  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 223
PB  - American Society for Nutrition
SN  - 00029165
AB  - Background: Increases in stored iron and dietary intake of iron during space flight have raised concern about the risk of excess iron and oxidative damage, particularly in bone. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to perform a comprehensive assessment of iron status in men and women before, during, and after long-duration space flight and to quantify the association of iron status with oxidative damage and bone loss. Design: Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected from 23 crew members before, during, and after missions lasting 50 to 247 d to the International Space Station. Results: Serum ferritin and body iron increased early in flight, and transferrin and transferrin receptors decreased later, which indicated that early increases in body iron stores occurred through the mobilization of iron to storage tissues. Acute phase proteins indicated no evidence of an inflammatory response during flight. Serum ferritin was positively correlated with the oxidative damage markers 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (r = 0.53, P < 0.001) and prostaglandin F2α (r = 0.26, P < 0.001), and the greater the area under the curve for ferritin during flight, the greater the decrease in bone mineral density in the total hip (P = 0.031), trochanter (P = 0.006), hip neck (P = 0.044), and pelvis (P = 0.049) after flight. Conclusion: Increased iron stores may be a risk factor for oxidative damage and bone resorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Clinical Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cell receptors
KW  - Iron
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Iron metabolism
KW  - Anthropometry
KW  - Blood analysis
KW  - Blood proteins
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - Ferritin
KW  - Longitudinal method
KW  - Nutrition -- Evaluation
KW  - Prostaglandins
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Research -- Finance
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Statistical hypothesis testing
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Time
KW  - Transferrin
KW  - Urinalysis
KW  - Oxidative stress
KW  - Bone density
KW  - Data analysis -- Software
KW  - Descriptive statistics
KW  - Nutritional status
KW  - Blood
KW  - Texas
N1  - Accession Number: 88822040; Zwart, Sara R. 1; Morgan, Jennifer L. L. 2; Smith, Scott M. 3; Affiliations: 1: Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX; 2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities/National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; 3: Human Health and Performance Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; Issue Info: Jul2013, Vol. 98 Issue 1, p217; Thesaurus Term: Cell receptors; Thesaurus Term: Iron; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Iron metabolism; Subject Term: Anthropometry; Subject Term: Blood analysis; Subject Term: Blood proteins; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Subject Term: Ferritin; Subject Term: Longitudinal method; Subject Term: Nutrition -- Evaluation; Subject Term: Prostaglandins; Subject Term: Questionnaires; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Research -- Finance; Subject Term: Space flight; Subject Term: Statistical hypothesis testing; Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Time; Subject Term: Transferrin; Subject Term: Urinalysis; Subject Term: Oxidative stress; Subject Term: Bone density; Subject Term: Data analysis -- Software; Subject Term: Descriptive statistics; Subject Term: Nutritional status; Subject Term: Blood; Subject: Texas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3945/ajcn.112.056465
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=88822040&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107953291
T1  - Iron status and its relations with oxidative damage and bone loss during long-duration space flight on the International Space Station.
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Morgan, Jennifer L. L.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
Y1  - 2013/07//
N1  - Accession Number: 107953291. Language: English. Entry Date: 20130715. Revision Date: 20151008. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Nutrition. Instrumentation: Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Grant Information: Supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Human Research Program and the Oak Ridge Associated Universities/National Aeronautics and Space Administration Postdoctoral Fellowship.. NLM UID: 0376027. 
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Iron -- Blood
KW  - Nutritional Status
KW  - Oxidative Stress
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - Human
KW  - Texas
KW  - Funding Source
KW  - Blood Chemical Analysis
KW  - Urinalysis
KW  - Prospective Studies
KW  - Ferritin -- Blood
KW  - Transferrin -- Blood
KW  - Receptors, Cell Surface -- Blood
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Iron -- Metabolism
KW  - Prostaglandins -- Blood
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Body Weights and Measures
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Male
KW  - Female
KW  - Linear Regression
KW  - Two-Tailed Test
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - Pearson's Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Post Hoc Analysis
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Nutritional Assessment
KW  - Blood Proteins -- Analysis
SP  - 217
EP  - 223
JO  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF  - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JA  - AM J CLIN NUTR
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
CY  - Bethesda, Maryland
PB  - American Society for Nutrition
AB  - Background: Increases in stored iron and dietary intake of iron during space flight have raised concern about the risk of excess iron and oxidative damage, particularly in bone. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to perform a comprehensive assessment of iron status in men and women before, during, and after long-duration space flight and to quantify the association of iron status with oxidative damage and bone loss. Design: Fasting blood and 24-h urine samples were collected from 23 crew members before, during, and after missions lasting 50 to 247 d to the International Space Station. Results: Serum ferritin and body iron increased early in flight, and transferrin and transferrin receptors decreased later, which indicated that early increases in body iron stores occurred through the mobilization of iron to storage tissues. Acute phase proteins indicated no evidence of an inflammatory response during flight. Serum ferritin was positively correlated with the oxidative damage markers 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (r = 0.53, P < 0.001) and prostaglandin F2α (r = 0.26, P < 0.001), and the greater the area under the curve for ferritin during flight, the greater the decrease in bone mineral density in the total hip (P = 0.031), trochanter (P = 0.006), hip neck (P = 0.044), and pelvis (P = 0.049) after flight. Conclusion: Increased iron stores may be a risk factor for oxidative damage and bone resorption.
SN  - 0002-9165
AD  - Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX
AD  - Oak Ridge Associated Universities/National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
AD  - Human Health and Performance Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX
U2  - PMID: 23719548.
DO  - 10.3945/ajcn.112.056465
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - W. Sun
AU  - Lukashin, C.
T1  - Modeling polarized solar radiation from ocean--atmosphere system for CLARREO inter-calibration applications.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 17585
EP  - 17642
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Reflected solar radiance from the Earth-atmosphere system is polarized. Radiance measurements can be affected by the reflected light's state of polarization if the radiometric sensor is sensitive to the polarization of observed light. To enable the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission for inter-calibration of the polarization-sensitive imagers, such as the MODIS, the polarization state of the reflected solar light must be known with sufficient accuracy. For this purpose, the polarized solar radiation from the ocean-atmosphere system is studied with an adding-doubling radiative transfer model (ADRTM). The Cox-and-Munk ocean wave slope distribution model is used in calculation of the reflection matrix of a wind-ruffled ocean surface. An empirical foam spectral reflectance model and an empirical spectral reflectance model for water volume below the surface are integrated in the ocean surface model. Solar reflectance from the ADRTM is compared with that from the discrete-ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) model. Sensitivity studies for reflected solar radiation are conducted for various ocean-surface and atmospheric conditions for the stratification of polarization distribution models (PDMs), which are to be used in the inter-calibration of the polarization-sensitive imager measurements with the CLARREO data. This modeling provides a reliable approach for making the spectral CLARREO PDMs over the broad solar spectra, which cannot be achieved by empirical PDMs based on the analysis of the data from polarimetric sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Radiometry
KW  - Ocean surface topography
KW  - Polarization (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Calibration
N1  - Accession Number: 89652417; W. Sun 1,2; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov; Lukashin, C. 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications Inc, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 2: Mail Stop 420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p17585; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Thesaurus Term: Radiometry; Thesaurus Term: Ocean surface topography; Subject Term: Polarization (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Calibration; Number of Pages: 58p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-17585-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89652417&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Fan
AU  - L. R. Leung
AU  - DeMott, P. J.
AU  - Comstock, J. M.
AU  - Singh, B.
AU  - Rosenfeld, D.
AU  - Tomlinson, J. M.
AU  - White, A.
AU  - Prather, K. A.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Ayers, J. K.
AU  - Q. Min
T1  - Aerosol impacts on California winter clouds and precipitation during CalWater 2011: local pollution vs. long-range transported dust.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 19921
EP  - 19970
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Mineral dust aerosols often observed over California in winter/spring, associated with long-range transport from Asia and Sahara, have been linked to enhanced precipitation based on observations. Local anthropogenic pollution, on the other hand, was shown in previous observational and modeling studies to reduce precipitation. Here we incorporate recent developments in ice nucleation parameterizations to link aerosols with ice crystal formation in a spectral-bin cloud microphysical model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, to examine the relative and combined impacts of dust and local pollution particles on cloud properties and precipitation type and intensity. Simulations are carried out for two cloud cases with contrasting meteorology and cloud dynamics that occurred on 16 February (FEB16) and 2 March (MAR02) from the CalWater 2011 field campaign. In both cases, observations show the presence of dust or dust/biological particles in a relative pristine environment. The simulated cloud microphysical properties and precipitation show reasonable agreement with aircraft and surface measurements. Model sensitivity experiments indicate that in the pristine environment, the dust/biological aerosol layers increase the accumulated precipitation by 10-20% from the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada Mountains for both FEB16 and MAR02 due to a 40% increase in snow formation, validating the observational hypothesis. Model results show that local pollution increases precipitation over the windward slope of the mountains by few percent due to increased snow formation when dust is present but reduces precipitation by 5-8% if dust is removed on FEB16. The effects of local pollution on cloud microphysics and precipitation strongly depend on meteorology including the strength of the Sierra Barrier Jet, and cloud dynamics. This study further underscores the importance of the interactions between local pollution, dust, and environmental conditions for assessing aerosol effects on cold season precipitation in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Effect of human beings on climatic changes
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 89652465; J. Fan 1; Email Address: Jiwen.fan@pnnl.gov; L. R. Leung 1; DeMott, P. J. 2; Comstock, J. M. 1; Singh, B. 1; Rosenfeld, D. 3; Tomlinson, J. M. 1; White, A. 4; Prather, K. A. 5; Minnis, P. 6; Ayers, J. K. 7; Q. Min 8; Affiliations: 1: Climate Physics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Co 80523, USA; 3: Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel; 4: NOAA/ESRL, R/PSD2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO, 80305, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0314, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Hampton, VA, USA; 8: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p19921; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Effect of human beings on climatic changes; Subject: California; Number of Pages: 50p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-19921-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89652465&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - STUBENRAUCH, C. J.
AU  - ROSSOW, W. B.
AU  - KINNE, S.
AU  - ACKERMAN, S.
AU  - CESANA, G.
AU  - CHEPFER, H.
AU  - DI GIROLAMO, L.
AU  - GETZEWICH, B.
AU  - GUIGNARD, A.
AU  - HEIDINGER, A.
AU  - MADDUX, B. C.
AU  - MENZEL, W. R.
AU  - MINNIS, P.
AU  - PEARL, C.
AU  - PLATNICK, S.
AU  - POULSEN, C.
AU  - RIEDI, J.
AU  - SUN-MACK, S.
AU  - WALTHER, A.
AU  - WINKER, D.
T1  - ASSESSMENT OF GLOBAL CLOUD DATASETS FROM SATELLITES.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 94
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1031
EP  - 1049
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Clouds cover about 70% of Earth's surface and play a dominant role in the energy and water cycle of our planet. Only satellite observations provide a continuous survey of the state of the atmosphere over the entire globe and across the wide range of spatial and temporal scales that compose weather and climate variability. Satellite cloud data records now exceed more than 25 years; however, climate data records must be compiled from different satellite datasets and can exhibit systematic biases. Questions therefore arise as to the accuracy and limitations of the various sensors and retrieval methods. The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Cloud Assessment, initiated in 2005 by the GEWEX Radiation Panel (GEWEX Data and Assessment Panel since 2011), provides the first coordinated intercomparison of publicly available, standard global cloud products (gridded monthly statistics) retrieved from measurements of multispectral imagers (some with multiangle view and polarization capabilities), IR sounders, and lidar. Cloud properties under study include cloud amount, cloud height (in terms of pressure, temperature, or altitude), cloud thermodynamic phase, and cloud radiative and bulk microphysical properties (optical depth or emissivity, effective particle radius, and water path). Differences in average cloud properties, especially in the amount of high-level clouds, are mostly explained by the inherent instrument measurement capability for detecting and/or identifying optically thin cirrus, especially when overlying low-level clouds. The study of long-term variations with these datasets requires consideration of many factors. The monthly gridded database presented here facilitates further assessments, climate studies, and the evaluation of climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Satellite meteorology
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 89561291; STUBENRAUCH, C. J. 1; Email Address: stubenrauch@lmd.polytechnique.fr; ROSSOW, W. B. 2; KINNE, S. 3; ACKERMAN, S. 4; CESANA, G. 1; CHEPFER, H. 1; DI GIROLAMO, L. 5; GETZEWICH, B. 6; GUIGNARD, A. 1; HEIDINGER, A. 7; MADDUX, B. C. 4; MENZEL, W. R. 4; MINNIS, P. 8; PEARL, C. 2; PLATNICK, S. 9; POULSEN, C. 10; RIEDI, J. 11; SUN-MACK, S. 6; WALTHER, A. 4; WINKER, D. 8; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL/CNRS, UPMC, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; 2: CREST Institute, City College of New York, New York, New York; 3: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 4: CIMSS, University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 7: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Madison, Wisconsin; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 9: NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter, Greenbelt, Maryland; 10: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, United Kingdom; 11: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique/CNRS, Lille, France; Issue Info: Jul2013, Vol. 94 Issue 7, p1031; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Satellite meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00117.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89561291&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colgan, W.
AU  - Luthcke, S.
AU  - Abdalati, W.
AU  - Citterio, M.
T1  - Constraining GRACE-derived cryosphere-attributed signal to irregularly shaped ice-covered areas.
JO  - Cryosphere Discussions
JF  - Cryosphere Discussions
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3417
EP  - 3447
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 19940432
AB  - We use a Monte Carlo approach to invert a spherical harmonic representation of cryosphere-attributed mass change in order to infer the most likely underlying mass changes within irregularly shaped ice-covered areas at nominal 26 km resolution. By inverting a spherical harmonic representation through the incorporation of additional fractional ice coverage information, this approach seeks to eliminate signal leakage between non- and ice-covered areas. The spherical harmonic representation suggests a Greenland mass loss of 251±25 Gtyr-1 over the December 2003 to December 2010 period. The inversion suggests 218±20 Gtyr-1 was due to the ice sheet proper, and 34±5Gt yr-1 (or ∼ 14%) was due to Greenland peripheral glaciers and ice caps(GrPGIC). This mass loss from GrPGIC exceeds that inferred from all ice masses on both Ellesmere and Devon Islands combined. This partition therefore highlights that GRACE-derived "Greenland" mass loss cannot be taken as synonymous with "Greenland ice sheet" mass loss when making comparisons with estimates of ice sheet mass balance derived from techniques that only sample the ice sheet proper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryosphere Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cryosphere
KW  - Ice sheets
KW  - Snow cover
KW  - Ice caps
KW  - Mass-to-charge ratio
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Ice -- Greenland
N1  - Accession Number: 91939210; Colgan, W. 1,2; Email Address: william.colgan@colorado.edu; Luthcke, S. 3; Abdalati, W. 1; Citterio, M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p3417; Thesaurus Term: Cryosphere; Thesaurus Term: Ice sheets; Thesaurus Term: Snow cover; Thesaurus Term: Ice caps; Subject Term: Mass-to-charge ratio; Subject Term: Monte Carlo method; Subject Term: Ice -- Greenland; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/tcd-7-3417-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91939210&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Grotzinger, John P.
T1  - Sulfate availability and the geological record of cold-seep deposits.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 41
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 811
EP  - 814
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - Cold-seep deposits are the remnants of ancient chemosynthetic ecosystems that derive energy from microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) using seawater sulfate. They provide a physical record of a microbial process that plays a critical role in regulating biospheric methane. Although highly 13C-depleted kerogen suggests that AOM dates back 2.7 b.y., puzzlingly, the oldest reported cold seeps only appear at 635 Ma and lack carbon isotopic signals (<-30‰ Peedee belemnite) that are diagnostic of AOM in examples younger than 350 Ma. Using a one-dimensional biogeochemical reaction- transport model, we confirm that these discrepancies are an expected consequence of changes in seawater chemistry. More specifically, sub-millimolar (mM) to millimolar seawater sulfate concentrations ([SO2-4]SW) and elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon that characterized seawater through much of the Precambrian limited AOM-driven carbonate supersaturation and 13C depletion, making seep carbonates less likely to form and more challenging to identify. Moderate 13C depletions observed in 420-370-m.y.-old cold-seep carbonates (independently identified by fossil assemblages and contextual and textural observations) indicate [SO214]SW < 5 mM in this interval. This is significant because low [SO214]SW has been linked to widespread ocean anoxia in the early Paleozoic, an environmental condition thought to have influenced the evolution, extinction, and recovery of early animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Biotic communities -- Research
KW  - Anaerobic bacteria
KW  - Methane
KW  - Carbonates
KW  - Seawater
KW  - COMPOSITION
N1  - Accession Number: 89172762; Bristow, Thomas F. 1; Grotzinger, John P. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, MC170-25, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; Issue Info: Jul2013, Vol. 41 Issue 7, p811; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities -- Research; Subject Term: Anaerobic bacteria; Subject Term: Methane; Subject Term: Carbonates; Subject Term: Seawater; Subject Term: COMPOSITION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G34265.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bezirgiannidis, Nikolaos
AU  - Burleigh, Scott
AU  - Tsaoussidis, Vassilis
T1  - Delivery Time Estimation for Space Bundles.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1897
EP  - 1910
SN  - 00189251
AB  - We present a method for predicting delivery time of bundles in space internetworks. The bundle delivery time estimation (BDTE) tool exploits contact graph routing (CGR), predicts bundle route, and calculates plausible arrival times along with the corresponding probabilities. Latency forecasts are performed in an administrative node with access to an instrumentation database (DB) appropriate for statistical processing. Through both analysis and experimentation, we demonstrate that estimates of bundle earliest plausible delivery time and destination arrival probabilities can be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - TIME perception
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - Bit error rate
KW  - Delays
KW  - Estimation
KW  - Interplanetary
KW  - Probability
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 89108617; Bezirgiannidis, Nikolaos 1; Burleigh, Scott 2; Tsaoussidis, Vassilis 1; Affiliations: 1: Democritus University of Thrace, Greece; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Issue Info: Jul2013, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p1897; Thesaurus Term: PROBABILITY theory; Thesaurus Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: TIME perception; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bit error rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protocols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAES.2013.6558026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=89108617&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Josset, D.
AU  - Tanelli, S.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Zhai, P.
T1  - Analysis of Water Vapor Correction for CloudSat W-Band Radar.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3812
EP  - 3825
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We analyzed different models to estimate absorption at W-band by gaseous species by taking advantage of the collocated CloudSat–Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) measurements. We used the power backscattered by the surface in the green visible wavelength of the lidar of CALIPSO as a reference to infer CloudSat's 94-GHz ocean surface backscatter in clear air and infer the attenuation introduced by gaseous absorption. Different millimeter-wave propagation models (MPMs) and different sources to determine the profile of atmospheric thermodynamic state are used to estimate CloudSat attenuation. These estimates are compared to the observations to calculate the residual dispersion. We show here that we need to adjust the empirical constants of preexisting water vapor absorption models to minimize the dispersion. Our results indicate an overestimation of absorption by the water vapor continuum at 94 GHz in Liebe-based MPM. We also propose a new empirical model to better represent the absorption of the water vapor continuum near 94 GHz. When this model is used in combination with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System water vapor path and the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office water vapor vertical profile distribution, it leads to the lowest dispersion of the data on a statistical basis (global data over one month). The improved model is expected to optimize water vapor correction applied to CloudSat data and, potentially, also to improve interpretation of brightness temperature measurements in the W-band (e.g., 85- and 98-GHz radiometric channels). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - MILLIMETER wave propagation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - MICROWAVE radiometers
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Atmospheric modeling
KW  - Attenuation
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Laser radar
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - radar
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 95451691; Josset, D. 1; Tanelli, S. 2; Hu, Y. 3; Pelon, J. 4; Zhai, P. 1; Affiliations: 1: SSAI, Hampton, USA; 2: Radar Science and Engineering Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA; 3: Atmospheric Composition Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Université Pierre et Marie Curie/LATMOS/IPSL/CNRS, Paris, France; Issue Info: Jul2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p3812; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: MILLIMETER wave propagation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: MICROWAVE radiometers; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: water vapor; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228659
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, Chunmei
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
T1  - Geotechnical Properties of GRC-3 Lunar Simulant.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/07//
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 528
EP  - 534
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Geotechnical properties of the lunar regolith are critical parameters in the design of equipment for in situ resource utilization (ISRU) on the Moon. It is imperative to simulate the geotechnical behavior of the lunar soil properly in the development of such equipment. Soil strength depends on the preparation method as well as the properties of the granular raw material. To execute the many small- and large-scale equipment tests planned for ISRU, it is necessary to develop a simulant that is inexpensive and can be produced in large quantities. This paper presents the methodology behind developing such a lunar-like geotechnical soil, GRC-3, and compares the properties of this soil with those of lunar regolith. The results show that particle size distribution, specific gravity, bulk density, and shear strength parameters for several preparation protocols are similar to that of lunar soil. Therefore, GRC-3 can be used in future large-scale experiments to predict the performance of ISRU equipment on the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOTECHNICAL engineering
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - RAW materials
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - MOON
N1  - Accession Number: 88230985; Source Information: Jul2013, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p528; Subject Term: GEOTECHNICAL engineering; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: RAW materials; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000162
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=88230985&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulani, SameerB.
AU  - Havens, David
AU  - Norris, Ashley
AU  - Bird, Keith
AU  - Kapania, Rakesh K.
AU  - Robert, Olliffe
T1  - Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of Al-2139 Compression Panel with Integral T-Stiffeners.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1275
EP  - 1286
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A T-stiffened panel was designed and optimized for minimum mass subjected to constraints on buckling load, yielding, and crippling or local stiffener failure using a new analysis and design tool named EBF3PanelOpt The panel was designed for a compression loading configuration, a realistic load case for a typical aircraft skin-stiffened panel. The panel was integrally machined from a 2139 aluminum alloy plate and was tested in compression. The panel was loaded beyond buckling and strains, and out-of-plane displacements were extracted from 36 strain gages and one linear variable displacement transducer. A digital photogrammetric system was used to obtain full-field displacements and strains on the smooth (unstiffened) side of the panel. The experimental data were compared with the strains and out-of-plane deflections from a high-fidelity nonlinear finite element analysis. The test data indicated that the panel buckled at the linear elastic buckling eigenvalue predicted for the panel. The out-of-plane displacement measured by the digital photogrammetric system compared well both qualitatively and quantitatively with the nonlinear finite element solution in the postbuckling regime. Furthermore, the experimental strains compared well with both the linear and nonlinear finite element models before buckling. The weight of the optimized panel was 20% less than that of a T-stiffened panel optimized using conventional design techniques [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - DIGITAL photography
KW  - PHOTOGRAMMETRIC pictures
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
N1  - Accession Number: 89933139; Source Information: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p1275; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: DIGITAL photography; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAMMETRIC pictures; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032199
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huanyun, Duan
AU  - Rui, Xu
AU  - Jianchang, Li
AU  - Yage, Yuan
AU  - Qiuxia, Wang
AU  - Intekhab Hadi, Nomana
T1  - Analysis on sustainable development countermeasures and barriers of rural household biogas in China.
JO  - Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy
JF  - Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 043116
EP  - 043116-12
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 19417012
AB  - The paper has been designed based on the experimental survey and questionnaires to 797 farmers, 25 technicians in 41 villages, and 8 towns of Yuxi region, Yunnan, China-to analyze the universal problems in biogas utilization process, including (a) low biogas utilization rate, critical dysfunctional phenomenon; (b) poor comprehensive utilization of biogas, bio-slurry, and residue; and (c) imperfect post-installation service system. Combined with the investigated findings, the article has analyzed the main causes and influencing factors which lead to the different problems. In the end, having based on the adequate interpretation about the studying conclusion, recommendations and countermeasures for the future sustainable development of China's rural household biogas proper measures can be put forward onto consideration table, which includes (a) encourage joint household biogas construction; (b) carry out comprehensive utilization demonstration actively; (c) establish a relatively complete post-installation service system by encouraging technicians to get involved in the maintenance and management initiations. The establishment of incentive systems and co-operative approaches can help to achieve the ultimate target of appropriately 'biogas-designed' that are sustainably developed and constructed in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biogas
KW  - Renewable energy sources -- Government policy
KW  - Energy consumption -- Government policy
KW  - Sustainable development -- China
KW  - Rural development -- China
N1  - Accession Number: 90048606; Huanyun, Duan 1; Rui, Xu 1; Jianchang, Li 1; Yage, Yuan 1; Qiuxia, Wang 1; Intekhab Hadi, Nomana 2; Affiliations: 1: Solar Energy Institute, College of Energy & Environment Sciences, Yannan Normal University, Kunming 650092,; 2: NASA Ames Research Center (SETI Institute Affiliation), MS 245-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Issue Info: Jul2013, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p043116; Thesaurus Term: Biogas; Thesaurus Term: Renewable energy sources -- Government policy; Thesaurus Term: Energy consumption -- Government policy; Subject Term: Sustainable development -- China; Subject Term: Rural development -- China; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4816690
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=90048606&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kulesza, Zbigniew
AU  - Sawicki, Jerzy T
AU  - Gyekenyesi, Andrew L
T1  - Robust fault detection filter using linear matrix inequalities’ approach for shaft crack diagnosis.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1421
EP  - 1440
SN  - 10775463
AB  - Detecting cracks in rotating shafts is a challenging problem when using vibration-based diagnostics. This is due to the fact that a localized crack has a minimal influence on the global vibration response of the system. To increase sensitivity and reliability, the vibration response needs to be coupled with additional sources of information such as a mathematical model of the machine. Modern control theory techniques offer system-level mathematical models for both control and diagnostics. Focusing on the latter, a new and promising approach involves the use of unknown input observers. Such observers can be designed to employ robust fault detection filters (RFDFs) for isolating fault signatures while reducing the influence of real-world disturbances and noise. For the present study, a modified design procedure coupled with robust fault detection is utilized for shaft crack detection. The filter is designed using the linear matrix inequalities (LMI) technique. The LMI approach is applied to obtain the solution of the mixed H−/H∞ optimization problem, which arises during the synthesis of the RFDF. By reformulating the LMI conditions, the proposed RFDF design procedure is simplified and thus requires less iteration steps to find the optimal solution. A new feature of the present approach involves the application of the rigid finite element method for the formulation of the mathematical model of the rotor and the shaft crack. The numerical and experimental results confirm the advantages of the designed robust fault detection filter and its ability to detect shaft cracks. The filter is minimally sensitive to measurement noise while allowing for the identification of shallow cracks (2% or 5% deep). The cracks are manifested through the observance of very subtle vibration response changes. The results also confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the rigid finite element modeling concerning the cracked rotor. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LINEAR matrix inequalities
KW  - KINETIC energy -- Research
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - STATICS
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
KW  - Cracked shaft
KW  - linear matrix inequality
KW  - robust fault detection filter
KW  - rotordynamics
KW  - unknown input observer
N1  - Accession Number: 87713536; Kulesza, Zbigniew 1; Sawicki, Jerzy T 2; Gyekenyesi, Andrew L 3; Source Information: Jul2013, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1421; Subject: LINEAR matrix inequalities; Subject: KINETIC energy -- Research; Subject: LEAST squares; Subject: EQUATIONS; Subject: STATICS; Subject: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracked shaft; Author-Supplied Keyword: linear matrix inequality; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust fault detection filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: rotordynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: unknown input observer; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1077546312447838
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jolitz, Rebecca
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Quantitative 3D Model of Light Transmittance Through Translucent Rocks Applied to the Hypolithic Microbial Community.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 119
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00953628
AB  - In extreme desert environments, photosynthetic microorganisms often live on the buried undersides of translucent rocks. Computing the light level reaching these locations requires 3D modeling of a finite rock. We report on Monte Carlo calculations of skylight and sunlight transmission through a partially buried flat cylindrical rock using one billion photons per simulation. Transmitted light level drops inversely with increasing rock opacity, as expected for purely scattering media. For a half-buried rock with an extinction coefficient of 0.1 cm (opacity of 0.2), transmission at the bottom is 64 % for sunlight at a solar zenith angle of 60° and 82 % for skylight. Transmitted light level increases slowly with increasing scattering asymmetry factor of the rock independent of illumination or depth buried. Transmitted sunlight at zenith through a thick half-buried rock (opacity of 0.6) is six times brighter at the bottom than the subsurface sides. Skylight transmits equally to the subsurface sides and bottom. When the sun is not straight overhead, the sunward side of the rock is brighter than the underside of the rock. Compared to the sunlight transmitted to the bottom, transmitted sunlight inclined at 60° is 24 times brighter at the subsurface side towards the sun and 14 times brighter at the subsurface side 70° away from the sun. Transmitted sunlight emitted from zenith and skylight is uniformly bright at the bottom regardless of how deeply the rock is buried. Sunlight not at zenith transmits preferentially to the sunward bottom edge depending on the depth the rock is buried. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POPULATION biology
KW  - Photosynthetic bacteria
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - Deserts -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Skylights
KW  - Rocks
N1  - Accession Number: 87969668; Jolitz, Rebecca 1; Email Address: rjolitz@berkeley.edu; McKay, Christopher 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720 USA; 2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Jul2013, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p112; Thesaurus Term: POPULATION biology; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetic bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: Deserts -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Microorganisms; Subject Term: Monte Carlo method; Subject Term: Skylights; Subject Term: Rocks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238160 Roofing Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-013-0242-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meibom, Søren
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Bryson, Steven T.
AU  - Rogers, Leslie A.
AU  - Henze, Christopher E.
AU  - Janes, Kenneth
AU  - Barnes, Sydney A.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Fischer, Debra A.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Horch, Elliott P.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Schuler, Simon C.
AU  - Crepp, Justin
T1  - The same frequency of planets inside and outside open clusters of stars.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2013/07/04/
VL  - 499
IS  - 7456
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 58
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Most stars and their planets form in open clusters. Over 95 per cent of such clusters have stellar densities too low (less than a hundred stars per cubic parsec) to withstand internal and external dynamical stresses and fall apart within a few hundred million years. Older open clusters have survived by virtue of being richer and denser in stars (1,000 to 10,000 per cubic parsec) when they formed. Such clusters represent a stellar environment very different from the birthplace of the Sun and other planet-hosting field stars. So far more than 800 planets have been found around Sun-like stars in the field. The field planets are usually the size of Neptune or smaller. In contrast, only four planets have been found orbiting stars in open clusters, all with masses similar to or greater than that of Jupiter. Here we report observations of the transits of two Sun-like stars by planets smaller than Neptune in the billion-year-old open cluster NGC6811. This demonstrates that small planets can form and survive in a dense cluster environment, and implies that the frequency and properties of planets in open clusters are consistent with those of planets around field stars in the Galaxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - Strains & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Star clusters
KW  - Planets
KW  - Stars
KW  - Neptune (Planet)
KW  - Galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 88899567; Meibom, Søren 1; Torres, Guillermo 1; Fressin, Francois 1; Latham, David W. 1; Rowe, Jason F. 2; Ciardi, David R. 3; Bryson, Steven T. 2; Rogers, Leslie A. 4; Henze, Christopher E. 2; Janes, Kenneth 5; Barnes, Sydney A. 6; Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7; Isaacson, Howard 7; Fischer, Debra A. 8; Howell, Steve B. 2; Horch, Elliott P. 9; Jenkins, Jon M. 10; Schuler, Simon C. 11; Crepp, Justin 12; Affiliations: 1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 3: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 4: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; 5: Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA; 6: 1] Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam 14467, Germany [2] Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA; 7: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; 8: Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA; 9: Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, USA; 10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 11: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA; 12: University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA; Issue Info: 7/4/2013, Vol. 499 Issue 7456, p55; Thesaurus Term: DENSITY; Thesaurus Term: Strains & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: Star clusters; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Stars; Subject Term: Neptune (Planet); Subject Term: Galaxies; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature12279
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meschter, Peter J.
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
T1  - Water Vapor-Mediated Volatilization of High-Temperature Materials.
JO  - Annual Review of Materials Research
JF  - Annual Review of Materials Research
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 559
EP  - 588
SN  - 15317331
AB  - Volatilization in water vapor-containing atmospheres is an important and often unexpected mechanism of degradation of high-temperature materials during processing and in service. Thermodynamic properties data sets for key (oxy)hydroxide vapor product species that are responsible for material transport and damage are often uncertain or unavailable. Estimation, quantum chemistry calculation, and measurement methods for thermodynamic properties of these species are reviewed, and data judged to be reliable are tabulated and referenced. Applications of water vapor-mediated volatilization include component and coating recession in turbine engines, oxidation/volatilization of ferritic steels in steam boilers, chromium poisoning in solid-oxide fuel cells, vanadium transport in hot corrosion and degradation of hydrocracking catalysts, Na loss from Na β″-Al2O3 tubes, and environmental release of radioactive isotopes in a nuclear reactor accident or waste incineration. The significance of water vapor-mediated volatilization in these applications is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Materials Research is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - HYDROCRACKING
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - hydroxides
KW  - mass transport
KW  - quantum chemistry
KW  - thermodynamics
KW  - vapor pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 88907059; Meschter, Peter J. 1; Opila, Elizabeth J. 2; Jacobson, Nathan S. 3; Affiliations: 1: General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309; email:; 2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904; email:; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; email:; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p559; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROCRACKING; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydroxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantum chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: vapor pressure; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121636
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=88907059&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
AU  - Mckay, Christopher P.
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Andersen, Dale T.
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - Paulsen, Gale
AU  - Zacny, Kris
T1  - Distribution of depth to ice-cemented soils in the high-elevation Quartermain Mountains, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.
JO  - Antarctic Science
JF  - Antarctic Science
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 575
EP  - 582
SN  - 09541020
AB  - We report on 475 measurements of depth to ice-cemented ground in four high-elevation valleys of the Quartermain Mountains, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. These valleys have pervasive ice-cemented ground, and the depth to ice-cemented ground and the ice composition may be indicators of climate change. In University Valley, the measured depth to ice-cemented ground ranges from 0–98 cm. There is an overall trend of increasing depth to ice-cemented ground with distance from a small glacier at the head of the valley, with a slope of 32 cm depth per kilometre along the valley floor. For Farnell Valley, the depth to ice-cemented ground is roughly constant (c. 30 cm) in the upper and central parts of the valley, but increases sharply as the valley descends into Beacon Valley. The two valleys north of University Valley also have extensive ice-cemented ground, with depths of 20–40 cm, but exhibit no clear patterns of ice depth with location. For all valleys there is a tendency for the variability in depth to ice-cemented ground at a site to increase with increasing depth to ice. Snow recurrence, solar insolation, and surface albedo may all be factors that cause site to site variations in these valleys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Antarctic Science is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Snow accumulation
KW  - Snow density
KW  - Ice -- Antarctica
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - dry permafrost
KW  - Mars
KW  - University Valley
KW  - vapour diffusion
N1  - Accession Number: 89023160; Marinova, Margarita M. 1,2; Mckay, Christopher P. 2; Pollard, Wayne H. 3; Heldmann, Jennifer L. 2; Davila, Alfonso F. 2,4; Andersen, Dale T. 4; Jackson, W. Andrew 5; Lacelle, Denis 6; Paulsen, Gale 7; Zacny, Kris 7; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; 2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 2K6, Canada; 4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 5: Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79401, USA; 6: Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Canada; 7: Honeybee Robotics, Pasadena, CA 91103, USA; Issue Info: Aug2013, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p575; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Snow accumulation; Thesaurus Term: Snow density; Subject Term: Ice -- Antarctica; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Author-Supplied Keyword: dry permafrost; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: University Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: vapour diffusion; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S095410201200123X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Noh, Y. M.
AU  - Lee, H.
AU  - Mueller, D.
AU  - Lee, K.
AU  - Shin, D.
AU  - Shin, S.
AU  - Choi, T. J.
AU  - Choi, Y. J.
AU  - Kim, K. R.
T1  - Investigation of the diurnal pattern of the vertical distribution of pollen in the lower troposphere using LIDAR.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 7619
EP  - 7629
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The diurnal pattern of the vertical distribution of biogenic pollen in the lower troposphere was investigated by LIDAR. Meteorological data were taken at the ground. Pollen concentrations were measured at the surface using a Burkard 7-day-recording volumetric spore sampler. Aerosol extinction coefficients and depolarization ratios at 532 nm were obtained from LIDAR measurements in spring (4 May-2 June) 2009 in Gwangju, South Korea. Linear volume depolarization ratios varied between 0.08 and 0.14 and were observed only during daytime (09:00-17:00 local time (LT)) during days of high pollen concentration (4 to 9 May). Daily average pollen concentrations ranged 1000-2500 cm-3 in the same period. The temporal evolution of the vertical distribution of the linear volume depolarization ratio showed a specific diurnal pattern. Linear volume depolarization ratios of more than 0.06, were measured near the surface in the morning. High depolarization ratios were detected up to 2 km aboveground between 12:00 and 14:00 LT, whereas high depolarization ratios were observed only close to the surface after 17:00 LT. Low values of depolarization ratios (≤0.05) were detected after 18:00 LT until the next morning. During the measurement period, the daily variations of the high depolarization ratios close to the surface showed correlation to number concentration measurements of pollen. This finding suggests that high depolarization ratios could be attributed to enhanced pollen concentrations. The diurnal characteristics of the high values of depolarization ratios are thought to be closely associated with turbulent transport. Diurnal and vertical characteristics of pollen, if measured continuously, could be used to improve the accuracy of pollen-forecasting models via data assimilation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Allergens
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Environmental physics
KW  - Pollen -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Pollen
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 89817314; Noh, Y. M. 1; Lee, H. 2; Email Address: hanlimlee10@gmail.com; Mueller, D. 1,3,4; Lee, K. 5; Shin, D. 1; Shin, S. 1; Choi, T. J. 6; Choi, Y. J. 7; Kim, K. R. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, South Korea; 2: Department of Spatial Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; 3: University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 5: Department of Geoinformatics Engineering, Kyungil University, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongbuk, South Korea; 6: Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea; 7: Applied Meteorology Research Lab, National Institute of Meteorological Research, Seoul, South Korea; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 15, p7619; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Allergens; Subject Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Environmental physics; Subject Term: Pollen -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Pollen; Subject Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-7619-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89817314&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wells, K. C.
AU  - Millet, D. B.
AU  - Cady-Pereira, K. E.
AU  - Shephard, M. W.
AU  - Henze, D. K.
AU  - Bousserez, N.
AU  - Apel, E. C.
AU  - de Gouw, J.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
T1  - Quantifying global terrestrial methanol emissions using observations from the TES satellite sensor.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 21883
EP  - 21926
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We employ new global space-based measurements of atmospheric methanol from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) with the adjoint of the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to quantify terrestrial emissions of methanol to the atmosphere. Biogenic methanol emissions in the model are based on MEGANv2.1 emission algorithms, using MODIS leaf area and GEOS-5 assimilated meteorological fields. We first carry out a pseudo observation test to validate the overall approach, and find that the TES sampling density is sufficient to accurately quantify regional- to continentalscale methanol emissions using this method. A global inversion of two years of TES data yields an optimized annual global surface flux of 117 Tg yr-1 (including biogenic, pyrogenic, and anthropogenic sources), an increase of 56% from the a priori global flux of 75 Tg yr-1. Global terrestrial methanol emissions are thus approximately 25% those of isoprene (~540 Tg yr-1), and are comparable to the combined emissions of all anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (~100-200 Tg yr-1). Our a posteriori terrestrial methanol source leads to a strong improvement of the simulation relative to an ensemble of airborne observations, and corroborates two other recent top-down estimates (114-120 Tg yr-1) derived using in-situ and space-based measurements. The TES data imply a relatively modest revision of model emissions over most of the tropics, but a significant upward revision in midlatitudes, particularly over Europe and North America. We interpret the inversion results in terms of specific source types using the methanol:CO correlations measured by TES, and find that biogenic emissions are overestimated relative to biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions in central Africa and southeastern China, while they are underestimated in regions such as Brazil and the US. Based on our optimized emissions, methanol accounts for > 25% of the photochemical source of CO and HCHO over many parts of the northern extratropics during springtime, and contributes ~6% of the global secondary source of those compounds annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methanol
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Globalization
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 90088061; Wells, K. C. 1; Millet, D. B. 1; Email Address: dbm@umn.edu; Cady-Pereira, K. E. 2; Shephard, M. W. 3; Henze, D. K. 4; Bousserez, N. 4; Apel, E. C. 5; de Gouw, J. 6,7; Warneke, C. 6,7; Singh, H. B. 8; Affiliations: 1: Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA; 2: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts, USA; 3: Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 6: Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 7: CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 8, p21883; Thesaurus Term: Methanol; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Subject Term: Globalization; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-21883-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grooß, J.-U.
AU  - Engel, I.
AU  - Borrmann, S.
AU  - Frey, W.
AU  - Günther, G.
AU  - Hoyle, C. R.
AU  - Kivi, R.
AU  - Luo, B. P.
AU  - Molleker, S.
AU  - Peter, T.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Stiller, G.
AU  - Vömel, H.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Müller, R.
T1  - NAT nucleation and denitrification in the Arctic stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 22107
EP  - 22150
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles in the polar stratosphere have been shown to be responsible for vertical redistribution of reactive nitrogen (NOy). Recent observations by Cloud--Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard the CALIPSO satellite have been explained in terms of heterogeneous nucleation of NAT on foreign nuclei, revealing it to be an important formation pathway for the NAT particles. In state of the art global or regional scale models, heterogeneous NAT nucleation is currently simulated in a very coarse manner using a constant, saturation-independent nucleation rate. Here we present first simulations for the Arctic winter 2009/2010 applying a new saturation-dependent parametrisation of heterogeneous NAT nucleation rates within the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). The simulation shows good agreement of chemical trace species with in situ and remote sensing observations. The simulated PSC optical properties agree better with CALIOP observations than those simulated with a constant rate model. A comparison of the simulated particle size distributions with observations made using the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) aboard the high altitude research aircraft Geophysica, showed that the model reproduces the observed size distribution, except for the very largest particles above 15 µm diameter. The vertical NOy redistribution caused by the sedimentation of the NAT particles, in particular the denitrification and nitrification signals observed by the ACE-FTS satellite instrument and the in-situ SIOUX instrument aboard the Geophysica, are reproduced by the model, but the improvement of the new parametrisation with respect to the constant rate model remains small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Meteorological observations
N1  - Accession Number: 90088067; Grooß, J.-U. 1; Email Address: j.-u.grooss@fz-juelich.de; Engel, I. 2; Borrmann, S. 3,4; Frey, W. 4,5; Günther, G. 1; Hoyle, C. R. 2,6; Kivi, R. 7; Luo, B. P. 2; Molleker, S. 3; Peter, T. 2; Pitts, M. C. 8; Schlager, H. 9; Stiller, G. 10; Vömel, H. 11; Walker, K. A. 12; Müller, R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung -- Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany; 2: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany; 4: Abteilung Partikelchemie, Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany; 5: School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 6: Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; 7: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finnland; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 9: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 10: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 11: Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany; 12: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Canada; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 8, p22107; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Nitric acid; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-22107-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gayet, J.-F.
AU  - Shcherbakov, V.
AU  - Bugliaro, L.
AU  - Protat, A.
AU  - Delanoë, J.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Garnier, A.
T1  - Microphysical properties and high ice water content in continental and oceanic Mescoscale Convective Systems and potential implications for commercial aircraft at flight altitude.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 22535
EP  - 22574
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Two complementary case studies are conducted to analyse convective system properties in the region where strong cloud-top lidar backscatter anomalies are observed as reported by Platt et al. (2011). These anomalies were reported for the first time using in-situ microphysical measurements in an isolated continental convective cloud over Germany during the CIRCLE2 experiment (Gayet et al., 2012). In this case, quasi collocated in situ observations with CALIPSO, CloudSat and Meteosat-9/SEVIRI observations confirm that regions of backscatter anomalies represent the most active and dense convective cloud parts with likely the strongest core updrafts and unusual high values of the particle concentration, extinction and ice water content (IWC), with the occurrence of small ice crystal sizes. Similar spaceborne observations are then analyzed in a maritime mesoscale cloud system (MCS) on 20 June 2008 located off the Brazil coast between 0° and 3° N latitude. Near cloud-top backscatter anomalies are evidenced in a region which corresponds to the coldest temperatures with maximum cloud top altitudes derived from collocated CALIPSO/IIR and Meteosat-9/SEVIRI infrared brightness temperatures. The interpretation of CALIOP data highlights significant differences of microphysical properties from those observed in the continental isolated convective cloud. Indeed, SEVIRI retrievals in the visible confirm much smaller ice particles near-top of the isolated continental convective cloud, i.e. effective radius (Reff) ~ 15 µm against 22-27 µm in the whole MCS area. 94 GHz Cloud Profiling Radar observations from CloudSat are then used to describe the properties of the most active cloud regions at and below cloud top. The cloud ice water content and effective radius retrieved with the CloudSat 2B-IWC and DARDAR inversion techniques, show that at usual cruise altitudes of commercial aircraft (FL 350 or ~ 10700m level), high IWC (i.e. up to 2 to 4 gm-3) could be identified according to specific IWC-Z relationships. These values correspond to a maximum reflectivity factor of +18 dBZ (at 94 GHz). Near-top cloud properties also indicate signatures of microphysical characteristics according to the cloud-stage evolution as revealed by SEVIRI images to identify the development of new cells within the MCS cluster. It is argued that the availability of real time information of the km-scale cloud top IR brightness temperature decrease with respect to the cloud environment would help identify MCS cloud areas with potentially high ice water content and small particle sizes against which onboard meteorological radar may not be suitable to provide timely warning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - Space-based radar
N1  - Accession Number: 90088076; Gayet, J.-F. 1; Email Address: j.f.gayet@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr; Shcherbakov, V. 1,2; Bugliaro, L. 3; Protat, A. 4; Delanoë, J. 5; Pelon, J. 5; Garnier, A. 6; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR6016, CNRS/Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie d'Allier, Montluçon, France; 3: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 4: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research (CAWCR), Melbourne, Australia; 5: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UMR8190 CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Guyancourt, France; 6: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, currently Science Systems and Applications, Inc./NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 8, p22535; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject Term: Space-based radar; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-22535-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bala, G.
AU  - Devaraju, N.
AU  - Chaturvedi, R. K.
AU  - Caldeira, K.
AU  - Nemani, R.
T1  - Nitrogen deposition: how important is it for global terrestrial carbon uptake?
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 11077
EP  - 11109
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - Global carbon budget studies indicate that the terrestrial ecosystems have remained a large sink for carbon despite widespread deforestation activities. CO2-fertilization, N deposition and re-growth of mid-latitude forests are believed to be key drivers for land carbon uptake. In this study, we assess the importance of N deposition by performing idealized near-equilibrium simulations using the Community Land Model 4.0 (CLM4). In our equilibrium simulations, only 12-17% of the deposited Nitrogen is assimilated into the ecosystem and the corresponding carbon uptake can be inferred from a C : N ratio of 20 : 1. We calculate the sensitivity of the terrestrial biosphere for CO2- fertilization, climate warming and N deposition as changes in total ecosystem carbon for unit changes in global mean atmospheric CO2 concentration, global mean temperature and Tera grams of Nitrogen deposition per year, respectively. Based on these sensitivities, it is estimated that about 242 PgC could have been taken up by land due to the CO2 fertilization effect and an additional 175 PgC taken up as a result of the increased N deposition since the pre-industrial period. Because of climate warming, terrestrial ecosystem could have lost about 152 PgC during the same period. Therefore, since preindustrial times terrestrial carbon losses due to warming may have been approximately compensated by effects of increased N deposition, whereas the effect of CO2-fertilization is approximately indicative of the current increase in terrestrial carbon stock. Our simulations also suggest that the sensitivity of carbon storage to increased N deposition decreases beyond current levels, indicating climate warming effects on carbon storage may overwhelm N deposition effects in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric deposition
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Fertilization of forest soils
KW  - Computer simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 89652478; Bala, G. 1; Email Address: gbala@caos.iisc.ernet.in; Devaraju, N. 1; Chaturvedi, R. K. 2; Caldeira, K. 3; Nemani, R. 4; Affiliations: 1: Divecha Center for Climate Change & Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; 2: Center for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; 3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p11077; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric deposition; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Thesaurus Term: Fertilization of forest soils; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-10-11077-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thome, Kurt
AU  - Goldberg, Mitch
AU  - Mita, Dath
AU  - Stensaas, Gregory L.
T1  - JACIE: A MODEL PARTNERSHIP.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 79
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 681
EP  - 682
SN  - 00991112
AB  - The article focuses on the Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation (JACIE) Team, an inter-agency team of scientists and engineers who are tasked with evaluating and enhancing the quality remote sensing data use by the public and private sectors. The agencies that are involved in the team include the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
KW  - Remote sensing -- Government policy
KW  - Public administration -- United States
KW  - Scientists -- United States
KW  - Engineers -- United States
KW  - Government agencies -- United States
N1  - Accession Number: 89640208; Thome, Kurt 1; Goldberg, Mitch 2; Mita, Dath 3; Stensaas, Gregory L. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA; 2: NOAA; 3: USDA; 4: USGS; Issue Info: Aug2013, Vol. 79 Issue 8, p681; Subject Term: Remote sensing -- Government policy; Subject Term: Public administration -- United States; Subject Term: Scientists -- United States; Subject Term: Engineers -- United States; Subject Term: Government agencies -- United States; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crumeyrolle, S.
AU  - G. Chen
AU  - Ziemba, L.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.
AU  - Thornhill, L.
AU  - Winstead, E.
AU  - Moore, R.
AU  - Shook, M. A.
AU  - Anderson, B.
T1  - Factors that influence surface PM2.5 values inferred from satellite observations: perspective gained for the Baltimore-Washington Area during DISCOVER-AQ.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 23421
EP  - 23459
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - During the NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign over the Washington D.C., - Baltimore, MD, metropolitan region in July 2011, the NASA P-3B aircraft performed extensive profiling of aerosol optical, chemical, and microphysical properties. These in-situ profiles were coincident with ground based remote sensing (AERONET) and in-situ (PM2.5) measurements. Here, we use this data set to study the correlation between the PM2.5 observations at the surface and the column integrated measurements. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) calculated with the extinction (532 nm) measured during the in-situ profiles was found to be strongly correlated with the volume of aerosols present in the boundary layer (BL). Despite the strong correlation, some variability remains, and we find that the presence of aerosol layers above the BL (in the buffer layer -- BuL) introduces a significant uncertainties in PM2.5 estimates based on column-integrated measurements. This motivates the use of active remote sensing techniques to dramatically improve air quality retrievals. Since more than a quarter of the AOD values observed during DISCOVER-AQ are dominated by aerosol water uptake, the f (RH)amb (obtained from two nephelometers at different relative humidities -- RHs) is used to study the impact of the aerosol hygroscopicity. The results indicate that PM2.5 can be predicted within a factor of 1.6 even when the vertical variability of the f (RH)amb is assumed to be negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - Remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects
KW  - Natural satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - Metropolitan areas
KW  - Washington (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 90605586; Crumeyrolle, S. 1; Email Address: suzanne.crumeyrolle@gmail.com; G. Chen 1; Ziemba, L. 1; Beyersdorf, A. 1; Thornhill, L. 1; Winstead, E. 1; Moore, R. 1; Shook, M. A. 1; Anderson, B. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p23421; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects; Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: Metropolitan areas; Subject: Washington (D.C.); Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-23421-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freney, E. J.
AU  - Sellegri, K.
AU  - Canonaco, F.
AU  - Colomb, A.
AU  - Borbon, A.
AU  - Michoud, V.
AU  - Doussin, J. -F.
AU  - Crumeyrolle, S.
AU  - Amarouch, N.
AU  - Pichon, J. -M.
AU  - Prévôt, A. S. H.
AU  - Beekmann, M.
AU  - Schwarzenböeck, A.
T1  - Characterizing the impact of urban emissions on regional aerosol particles; airborne measurements during the MEGAPOLI experiment.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 24885
EP  - 24924
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The MEGAPOLI experiment took place in July 2009. The aim of this campaign was to study the aging and reactions of aerosol and gas-phase emissions in the city of Paris. Three ground-based measurement sites and several mobile platforms including instrument equipped vehicles and the ATR-42 aircraft were involved. We present here the variations in particle- and gas-phase species over the city of Paris using a combination of high-time resolution measurements aboard the ATR-42 aircraft. Particle chemical composition was measured using a compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (C-ToF-AMS) giving detailed information of the non-refractory submicron aerosol species. The mass concentration of BC, measured by a particle absorption soot photometer (PSAP), was used as a marker to identify the urban pollution plume boundaries. Aerosol mass concentrations and composition were affected by air-mass history, with air masses that spent longest time over land having highest fractions of organic aerosol and higher total mass concentrations. The Paris plume is mainly composed of organic aerosol (OA), black carbon and nitrate aerosol, as well as high concentrations of anthropogenic gas-phase species such as toluene, benzene, and NOx. Using BC and CO as tracers for air-mass dilution, we observe the ratio of ΔOA/Δ BC and ΔOA/Δ CO increase with increasing photochemical age (-log(NOx/NOy)). Plotting the equivalent ratios for the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) resolved species (LV-OOA, SV-OOA, and HOA) illustrate that the increase in OA is a result of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Within Paris the changes in the ΔOA/Δ CO are similar to those observed during other studies in Mexico city, Mexico and in New England, USA. Using the measured VOCs species together with recent organic aerosol formation yields we predicted ~50% of the measured organics. These airborne measurements during the MEGAPOLI experiment show that urban emissions contribute to the formation of OA, and have an impact on aerosol composition on a regional scale. They provide a quantitative measure of this impact in terms of urban plume composition and evolution relative to background aerosol composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Carbon-black
KW  - Benzene
KW  - Gas phase reactions
KW  - Mass spectrometers
KW  - Megalopolis
KW  - Paris (France)
N1  - Accession Number: 90605622; Freney, E. J. 1; Email Address: e.freney@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr; Sellegri, K. 1; Canonaco, F. 2; Colomb, A. 1; Borbon, A. 3; Michoud, V. 3; Doussin, J. -F. 3; Crumeyrolle, S. 4; Amarouch, N. 5; Pichon, J. -M. 1; Prévôt, A. S. H. 2; Beekmann, M. 3; Schwarzenböeck, A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS-Université Blaise Pascal, UMR6016, 63117, Clermont Ferrand, France; 2: Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland; 3: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmosphériques, LISA/IPSL, UMR CNRS 7583, Université Paris Est Creteil (UPEC) and Universite Paris Diderot (UPD), France; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 5: CNRS, Div Tech, Inst Natl Sci Univers, UPS 855, 92195 Meudon, France; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p24885; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Urban pollution; Thesaurus Term: Carbon-black; Thesaurus Term: Benzene; Subject Term: Gas phase reactions; Subject Term: Mass spectrometers; Subject Term: Megalopolis; Subject: Paris (France); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-24885-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KAYE, JACK
T1  - UNDERSTANDING THE EARTH SYSTEM: GLOBAL CHANGE SCIENCE FOR APPLICATION.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 94
IS  - 9
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1416
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article reviews the book "Understanding the Earth System: Global Change Science for Application," edited by Sarah E. Cornell, I. Colin Prentice, Joanna I. House, and Catherine J. Downy.
KW  - Earth system science
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Cornell, Sarah E.
KW  - Prentice, I. Colin
KW  - House, Joanna I.
KW  - Downy, Catherine J.
KW  - Understanding the Earth System: Global Change Science for Application (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 91531500; KAYE, JACK 1; Affiliations: 1: Associate director for research, Earth Science Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 94 Issue 9, p1415; Thesaurus Term: Earth system science; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Understanding the Earth System: Global Change Science for Application (Book); People: Cornell, Sarah E.; People: Prentice, I. Colin; People: House, Joanna I.; People: Downy, Catherine J.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corbett, Lee B.
AU  - Bierman, Paul R.
AU  - Graly, Joseph A.
AU  - Neumann, Thomas A.
AU  - Rood, Dylan H.
T1  - Constraining landscape history and glacial erosivity using paired cosmogenic nuclides in Upernavik, northwest Greenland.
JO  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
JF  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
Y1  - 2013/09//Sep/Oct2013
VL  - 125
IS  - 9-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1553
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00167606
AB  - High-latitude landscape evolution processes have the potential to preserve old, relict surfaces through burial by cold-based, nonerosive glacial ice. To investigate landscape history and age in the high Arctic, we analyzed in situ cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in 33 rocks from Upernavik, northwest Greenland. We sampled adjacent bedrock-boulder pairs along a 100 km transect at elevations up to 1000 m above sea level. Bedrock samples gave significantly older apparent exposure ages than corresponding boulder samples, and minimum limiting ages increased with elevation. Two-isotope calculations (26Al/10Be) on 20 of the 33 samples yielded minimum limiting exposure durations up to 112 k.y., minimum limiting burial durations up to 900 k.y., and minimum limiting total histories up to 990 k.y. The prevalence of 10Be and 26Al inherited from previous periods of exposure, especially in bedrock samples at high elevation, indicates that these areas record long and complex surface exposure histories, including significant periods of burial with little subglacial erosion. The long total histories suggest that these high-elevation surfaces were largely preserved beneath cold-based, nonerosive ice or snowfields for at least the latter half of the Quaternary. Because of high concentrations of inherited nuclides, only the six youngest boulder samples appear to record the timing of ice retreat. These six samples suggest deglaciation of the Upernavik coast at 11.3 ± 0.5 ka (average ± 1 standard deviation). There is no difference in deglaciation age along the 100 km sample transect, indicating that the ice-marginal position retreated rapidly at rates of ~120 m yr-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Society of America Bulletin is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Landscapes
KW  - Cosmogenic nuclides
KW  - Shields (Geology)
KW  - Nuclides
KW  - Isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 90002988; Corbett, Lee B. 1,2; Email Address: Ashley.Corbett.GR@dartmouth.edu; Bierman, Paul R. 1; Graly, Joseph A. 1,3; Neumann, Thomas A. 1,4; Rood, Dylan H. 5,6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA; 2: Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA; 3: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Cryospheric Sciences Branch, Greenbelt, Maryland 20770, USA; 5: Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK; 6: Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; Issue Info: Sep/Oct2013, Vol. 125 Issue 9-10, p1539; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Landscapes; Subject Term: Cosmogenic nuclides; Subject Term: Shields (Geology); Subject Term: Nuclides; Subject Term: Isotopes; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/B30813.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, James J.
AU  - LaBrecque, John
AU  - Oria, A. J.
T1  - Laser Reflectors to Ride on Board GPS III.
JO  - GPS World
JF  - GPS World
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 24
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 17
PB  - North Coast Media, LLC
SN  - 10485104
AB  - The article focuses on the combination of satellite laser ranging (SLR) with global positioning system (GPS). It says that the combination of the two will translate significant performance advancement in the future once the SLR was completely implemented as part of the GPS III architecture. It states that GPS III is poised to have laser retro-reflector arrays (LRAs) placed on board for all space vehicles. It mentions the initiative of Air Force Space Command for the implementation of LRAs.
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry -- Technological innovations
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Systems integration
KW  - LASERS in aeronautics
KW  - UNITED States. Air Force Space Command
N1  - Accession Number: 90229979; Miller, James J. 1; LaBrecque, John 2; Oria, A. J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Deputy Director, Policy & Strategic Communications Division, Space Communications and Navigation (SCaN) Program at NASA; 2: Lead of the Earth Surface and Interior Focus Area within NASA'S Science Mission Directorate; 3: Overlook Systems Technologies, Inc.; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 24 Issue 9, p12; Thesaurus Term: AIRCRAFT industry -- Technological innovations; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Systems integration; Subject Term: LASERS in aeronautics ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Air Force Space Command; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Hong
AU  - Liu, Wei
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Kreupl, Franz
AU  - Banerjee, Kaustav
T1  - Low-Resistivity Long-Length Horizontal Carbon Nanotube Bundles for Interconnect Applications—Part I: Process Development.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2013/09//
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 60
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2862
EP  - 2869
SN  - 00189383
AB  - Although horizontally-aligned carbon nanotube (HACNT) interconnects are the most common scenarios that have been modeled and analyzed in theoretical research, fabrication of HACNT test structures has remained an enigma until now. Through addressing several fabrication challenges, this paper reports a novel process that enables fabrication of high-density, long (over hundred microns), and thick (up to micrometer) HACNT interconnects. Furthermore, horizontal CNT-based 2-D Manhattan structure is demonstrated by properly designing the catalyst and flattening process. These structures are crucial for building angled interconnects and on-chip passive devices. In addition, to address the contact issue between metal and thick HACNT bundles, a multistep lithography combined with specifically designed metal deposition technique is performed to ensure full contact configuration. Using such a process, test structures with arrays of various sizes of HACNT bundle interconnects are fabricated. The process developed in this paper provides an important platform for future research and technology development of CNT-based interconnects and passive elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - LITHOGRAPHY
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 89927284; Source Information: Sep2013, Vol. 60 Issue 9, p2862; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: LITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2013.2275259
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Hong
AU  - Liu, Wei
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Kreupl, Franz
AU  - Banerjee, Kaustav
T1  - Low-Resistivity Long-Length Horizontal Carbon Nanotube Bundles for Interconnect Applications—Part II: Characterization.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2013/09//
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 60
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2870
EP  - 2876
SN  - 00189383
AB  - Due to the enormous challenges of fabricating long horizontally aligned carbon nanotube (HACNT) bundle interconnects, there exists little research on characterization of long HACNT interconnects. In this paper, taking advantage of our unique HACNT fabrication process outlined in the companion paper, the electrical and self-heating characterization of long HACNT bundles are reported. Negative temperature coefficients of resistance for both per unit length resistance and metal-CNT contact resistance are confirmed from measurements. This first report on the electrical and thermal characterization fills the wide gap between CNT interconnect modeling efforts and corresponding experimental efforts by providing many important extracted parameters that are critical in various modeling and analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
N1  - Accession Number: 89927282; Source Information: Sep2013, Vol. 60 Issue 9, p2870; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2013.2275258
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutliff, Daniel L.
AU  - Jones, Michael G.
AU  - Hartley, Thomas C.
T1  - High-Speed Turbofan Noise Reduction Using Foam-Metal Liner Over-the-Rotor.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/09//Sep/Oct2013
Y1  - 2013/09//Sep/Oct2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1491
EP  - 1503
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A Williams International FJ44-3A turbofan engine was used to demonstrate the high-speed fan noise reduction potential of a foam-metal liner installed in close proximity to the fan rotor. The engine was tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center's Aeroacoustic Propulsion Laboratory. Two foam-metal liner designs were tested and compared to the hardwall baseline. Traditional single degree-of-freedom liner designs were also evaluated to provide a comparison to the state-of-the art design. This report presents the test setup and documents the test conditions. Far-field acoustic levels and limited engine performance results are also presented. The results show that the foam-metal liner achieved up to 5 dB of attenuation in the forward-quadrant radiated-acoustic power levels, which is equivalent to the traditional single degree-of-freedom liner design. Modest changes in engine performance were noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines -- Research
KW  - NOISE -- Research
KW  - ROTORS -- Dynamics -- Research
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics) -- Research
KW  - DEGREES of freedom -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 91638992; Source Information: Sep/Oct2013, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p1491; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines -- Research; Subject Term: NOISE -- Research; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics) -- Research; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vernier, J.-P.
AU  - Fairlie, T. D.
AU  - Murray, J. J.
AU  - Tupper, A.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Winker, D.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Garnier, A.
AU  - Jumelet, J.
AU  - Pavolonis, M.
AU  - Omar, A. H.
AU  - Powell, K. A.
T1  - An Advanced System to Monitor the 3D Structure of Diffuse Volcanic Ash Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 52
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2125
EP  - 2138
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Major disruptions of the aviation system from recent volcanic eruptions have intensified discussions about and increased the international consensus toward improving volcanic ash warnings. Central to making progress is to better discern low volcanic ash loadings and to describe the ash cloud structure more accurately in three-dimensional space and time. Here, dispersed volcanic ash observed by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) space-based lidar near 20 000-40 000 ft [~(6-13) km] over Australia and New Zealand during June 2011 is studied. This ash event took place 3 weeks after the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle eruption, which disrupted air traffic in much of the Southern Hemisphere. The volcanic ash layers are shown to exhibit color ratios (1064/532 nm) near 0.5, significantly lower than unity, as is observed with ice. Those optical properties are used to develop an ash detection algorithm. A 'trajectory mapping' technique is then demonstrated wherein ash cloud observations are ingested into a Lagrangian model and used to construct ash dispersion maps and cross sections. Comparisons of the model results with independent observations suggest that the model successfully reproduces the 3D structure of volcanic ash clouds. This technique has a potential operational application in providing important additional information to worldwide volcanic ash advisory centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Volcanic eruptions
KW  - Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Aerospace industries
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Transportation meteorology
KW  - International Civil Aviation Organization
N1  - Accession Number: 90243751; Vernier, J.-P. 1,2; Fairlie, T. D. 2; Murray, J. J. 2; Tupper, A. 3; Trepte, C. 2; Winker, D. 2; Pelon, J. 4; Garnier, A. 1,2,4; Jumelet, J. 4; Pavolonis, M. 5; Omar, A. H. 2; Powell, K. A. 2; Affiliations: 1: * Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Northern Territory Regional Office, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia; 4: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS-INSU, Université de Versailles St. Quentin, Université de Paris 6, Paris, France; 5: NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Madison, Wisconsin; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 52 Issue 9, p2125; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Volcanic eruptions; Subject Term: Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Aerospace industries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transportation meteorology ; Company/Entity: International Civil Aviation Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0279.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=90243751&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103924417
T1  - Effect of seat orientation on ingress/egress joint kinematics and reach envelope.
AU  - Moore, Christopher W.
AU  - Nimbarte, Ashish D.
AU  - Rajulu, Sudhakar
AU  - Ning, Xiaopeng
AU  - Guffey, Steve E.
Y1  - 2013/09//
N1  - Accession Number: 103924417. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141216. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. NLM UID: 9808465. 
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Seating
KW  - Kinematics
KW  - Ergonomics
KW  - Two-Way Analysis of Variance
KW  - Range of Motion
KW  - Human
SP  - 137
EP  - 151
JO  - Occupational Ergonomics
JF  - Occupational Ergonomics
JA  - OCCUP ERGON
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
PB  - IOS Press
AB  - BACKGROUND: Little is known about ingress/egress requirements and forward reach for workstations with horizontal seats. This research explored differences between ingress/egress kinematics and reach due to seat orientation. METHODS: 10 participants performed ingress/egress tasks using three seat orientations (horizontal with 90° and 120° seat angles, and vertical with 90° seat angle) and planar reach tasks in three anatomical planes using horizontal and vertical seats with 90° seat angle. An optical motion capture system was used to record kinematic data. Marker data was processed and modeled to estimate peak joint angles and ranges of motion of several body joints. For reach tasks, marker data of the clavicle and finger were used to plot reach capacity. RESULTS: Ingress/egress joint kinematics differed greatly between horizontal and vertical seats, while few differences existed between the horizontal seat orientations. Peak angles and ranges of motion during ingress/egress of the horizontal seats were significantly higher than the vertical seats, often by a factor of 3-4. The direction of motion affected several peak angles and ranges of motion, but to a lesser extent than seat orientation. Reach was unaffected by seat orientation.CONCLUSION: This study's findings suggest that ingress/egress of horizontal seats is more stressful for the body, especially the shoulders and lower back, than regular upright seats.
SN  - 1359-9364
AD  - Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
AD  - Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA
DO  - 10.3233/OER-140213
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103924417&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
AU  - Pollard, W.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Marinova, M.M.
AU  - Davila, A.
AU  - Williams, K.E.
AU  - Lacelle, D.
AU  - Andersen, D.T.
T1  - The high elevation Dry Valleys in Antarctica as analog sites for subsurface ice on Mars.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 58
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The high elevation valleys of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the only locations on Earth known to contain dry permafrost. The Dry Valleys are a hyper-arid polar desert environment and above 1500m elevation, air temperatures do not exceed 0°C and thus, similarly to Mars, liquid water is largely absent and instead the hydrologic cycle is dominated by frozen ice and vapor phase processes such as sublimation. These conditions make the high elevation Dry Valleys a key Mars analog location where periglacial processes and geomorphic features, and their use as a diagnostic for subsurface ice, can be studied in situ. Two valleys in the upper Dry Valleys show a diversity of subsurface ice; University Valley is dominated by dry permafrost overlying ice-cemented to ice-bonded ground and nearby middle Beacon Valley is dominated by massive ground ice. In both cases the ice is 10–60cm below the surface. Here we compare the surface features in these two valleys to assess any correlation with the nature of the subsurface ice and compare these features to similar features seen at the Phoenix landing site on Mars. We conclude that while surface features may be indicative of ground ice, no specific correlations are possible and more direct methods are required to determine the nature of subsurface ice on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Underground areas
KW  - Ice
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Analog data
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Drilling
KW  - Mars
KW  - Polar regions
N1  - Accession Number: 89897775; Heldmann, J.L. 1; Email Address: Jennifer.Heldmann@nasa.gov; Pollard, W. 2; McKay, C.P. 1; Marinova, M.M. 1,3; Davila, A. 1,4; Williams, K.E. 1,5; Lacelle, D. 6; Andersen, D.T. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: McGill University, Department of Geography, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2T5; 3: BAER Institute, 560 Third St. West Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; 4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94041, USA; 5: Montana State University, Department of Earth Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; 6: Ottawa University, Department of Geography, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 85, p53; Thesaurus Term: Underground areas; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Subject Term: Analog data; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drilling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.05.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89897775&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nna-Mvondo, Delphine
AU  - de la Fuente, José L.
AU  - Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta
AU  - Khare, Bishun
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Thermal characterization of Titan's tholins by simultaneous TG–MS, DTA, DSC analysis.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 288
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Three samples of Titan's tholins synthesized in laboratory under simulated Titan's conditions and presenting different degrees of exposure to ambient atmosphere have been used to study in detail their thermal behavior using thermogravimetry coupled with a mass spectrometer (TG–MS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degradation of Titan's tholins under inert atmosphere follows a three-step consecutive decomposition: a drying stage (>150°C) where moisture is desorbed, this stage indicated the high hydrophilicity of the tholins; a second stage, the main pyrolysis stage (150–575°C) where endothermic decomposition begins releasing mainly ammonia, HCN, acetonitrile, and methane over a broad temperature range. Few other hydrocarbon fragments such as ethylene and propane are released but no cyclic molecules, aliphatic or aromatic, are observed. The last stage (>575°C) is the carbonization of the material leading to a non-crystalline graphitic residue. The thermal degradation under oxygen atmosphere shows the same stages as in argon, with a shift of the thermogravimetric peaks toward lower temperatures indicating a lower thermal stability. The last stage in this case is an oxidative combustion of the char residue. This research concludes that even if Titan tholins, subjected to air contamination for few minutes to several years (varying with the storage conditions) transform to produce different C/N and C/O ratios and thermal stabilities, they undergo the same thermal degradation phases and products. This suggests that the studied three tholins have a similar main chemical structure which does not alter by the air exposure. We discuss on the possible nature of this structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Differential scanning calorimetry
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Methane
KW  - Thermogravimetry
KW  - Mass spectrometers
KW  - Endothermic reactions
KW  - Chemical structure
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Thermal degradation
KW  - Tholin
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 89897792; Nna-Mvondo, Delphine 1; Email Address: delphine.nnamvondo@univ-nantes.fr; de la Fuente, José L. 2; Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta 1; Khare, Bishun 3,4; McKay, Christopher P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; 2: Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial “Esteban Terradas” (INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; 3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000, CA, USA; 4: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000, CA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 85, p279; Thesaurus Term: Differential scanning calorimetry; Thesaurus Term: Pyrolysis; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Subject Term: Thermogravimetry; Subject Term: Mass spectrometers; Subject Term: Endothermic reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.06.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89897792&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Small, Christopher
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
T1  - Multi-scale standardized spectral mixture models.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 136
M3  - Article
SP  - 442
EP  - 454
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Linear spectral mixture models can be standardized by using endmembers that span the global mixing space. By combining the benefits of location-specific mixture models with standardized spectral indices, standardized mixture models offer consistency, simplicity, inclusivity and applicability. We construct a globally representative mixing space using a spectrally diverse collection of 100 Landsat ETM+(Thematic Mapper & Enhanced Thematic Mapper+) subscenes. Global composites of 100,000,000 Landsat spectra, constructed from both exoatmospheric reflectance and atmospherically corrected surface reflectance, represent the spectral diversity of a wide range of terrestrial environments. Principal Component (PC) Analysis of the global composite shows that 99% of the spectral variance can be represented in a 3-dimensional mixing space of the low order PCs. Within this 3D space 98% of spectra are contained within a tetrahedral hull bounded by a continuous plane of substrates, and well-defined apexes corresponding to vegetation and dark endmembers. Suites of individual substrate, vegetation and dark endmember spectra are used to derive mean endmembers and to quantify the effects of endmember variability on fractions estimated from a standardized Substrate, Vegetation, and Dark (SVD) linear mixture model. Maximum endmember variability introduces less than 0.05 difference in S, V, and D fractions for most SVD models constructed from individual pixel endmember spectra giving less than 0.05 model misfit for more than 97% of pixels in the global composite. The mean SVD endmembers define a standard global mixture model for Landsat spectra. These SVD endmembers can be used to model mixed reflectance spectra from other sensors with similar spectral responses to Landsat ETM+. Comparisons of endmember fractions estimated from coincident acquisitions of Landsat TM and ETM+and WorldView-2 imagery show strong linear scaling for vegetation and dark fractions. Substrate fractions do not scale as linearly for the urban validation sites because the Landsat substrate endmember does not accurately represent the impervious surfaces imaged by WorldView-2. Comparisons of Landsat and WorldView-2 unmixed with the same Visible-Near Infrared (VNIR) endmembers derived from the global Landsat endmembers are also strongly correlated but with reduced bias. This linear scaling suggests that the Landsat global endmembers may provide a basis for standardized mixture models for WorldView-2 and other broadband sensors with spectral response similar to Landsat TM and ETM+. Comparisons of vegetation fractions with vegetation indices for the global composite show strong linear correspondence for Tasseled Cap Greenness and Enhanced Vegetation Index, with some degree of saturation at high fractions for the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index and a wide range of responses for the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plant growing media
KW  - Vegetation mapping
KW  - Multiscale modeling
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Three-dimensional imaging
KW  - Reflectance spectroscopy
KW  - Near infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Scale
KW  - Spectral mixture model
KW  - Vegetation index
KW  - WorldView-2
N1  - Accession Number: 89310657; Small, Christopher 1; Email Address: csmall@columbia.edu; Milesi, Cristina 2; Affiliations: 1: Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA; 2: California State University Monterey Bay/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 136, p442; Thesaurus Term: Plant growing media; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation mapping; Subject Term: Multiscale modeling; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Three-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: Reflectance spectroscopy; Subject Term: Near infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral mixture model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation index; Author-Supplied Keyword: WorldView-2; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2013.05.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89310657&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pike, Andrew
AU  - Danner, Eric
AU  - Boughton, David
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Nemani, Rama
AU  - Rajagopalan, Balaji
AU  - Lindley, Steve
T1  - Forecasting river temperatures in real time using a stochastic dynamics approach.
JO  - Water Resources Research
JF  - Water Resources Research
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 5168
EP  - 5182
SN  - 00431397
AB  - We address the growing need for accurate water temperature predictions in regulated rivers to inform decision support systems and protect aquatic habitats. Although many suitable river temperature models exist, few simultaneously model water temperature dynamics while considering uncertainty of predictions and assimilating observations. Here, we employ a stochastic dynamics approach to water temperature modeling that estimates both the water temperature state and its uncertainty by propagating error through a physically based dynamical system. This method involves converting the governing hydrodynamic and heat transport equations into a state space form and assimilating observations via the Kalman Filter. This model, called the River Assessment for Forecasting Temperature (RAFT), closes the heat budget by tracking heat movement using a robust semi-Lagrangian numerical scheme. RAFT considers key thermodynamic processes, including advection, longitudinal dispersion, atmospheric heat fluxes, lateral inflows, streambed heat exchange, and unsteady nonuniform flow. Inputs include gridded meteorological forecasts from a numerical weather prediction model, bathymetric cross-sectional geometry, and temperature and flow measurements at the upstream boundary and tributaries. We applied RAFT to an ∼100 km portion of the Sacramento River in California, downstream of Keswick Dam (a regulatory dam below Shasta Dam), at a spatial resolution of 2 km and a temporal resolution of 15 min. Model prediction error over a 6 month calibration period was on the order of 0.5°C. When temperature and flow gage data were assimilated, the mean prediction error was significantly less (0.25°C). The model accurately predicts the magnitude and timing of diel temperature fluctuations and can provide 72 h water temperature forecasts when linked with meteorological forecasts and real-time flow/temperature monitoring networks. RAFT is potentially scalable to model and forecast fine-grained one-dimensional temperature dynamics covering a broad extent in a variety of regulated rivers provided that adequate input data are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Water Resources Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Water temperature
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Stochastic analysis
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Lagrange equations
KW  - Heat Budget
KW  - River Management
KW  - Sacramento River
KW  - uNmerical Prediction
KW  - Water Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 91592034; Pike, Andrew 1,2; Danner, Eric 2; Boughton, David 2; Melton, Forrest 3,4; Nemani, Rama 3; Rajagopalan, Balaji 5; Lindley, Steve 2; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California; 2: Fisheries Ecology Division, National Marine Fisheries Service; 3: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; 4: Department of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay; 5: Department of Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 49 Issue 9, p5168; Thesaurus Term: Water temperature; Thesaurus Term: Forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Subject Term: Stochastic analysis; Subject Term: Decision support systems; Subject Term: Heat transfer; Subject Term: Lagrange equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat Budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: River Management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sacramento River; Author-Supplied Keyword: uNmerical Prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water Temperature; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/wrcr.20389
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91592034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harris, Linden
AU  - Tozzi, Sasha
AU  - Wiley, Patrick
AU  - Young, Colleen
AU  - Richardson, Tra-My Justine
AU  - Clark, Kit
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - Potential impact of biofouling on the photobioreactors of the Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae (OMEGA) system.
JO  - Bioresource Technology
JF  - Bioresource Technology
Y1  - 2013/09/15/
VL  - 144
M3  - Article
SP  - 420
EP  - 428
SN  - 09608524
AB  - The influence of PBR composition [clear polyurethane (PolyU) vs. clear linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) (top) and black opaque high-density polyethylene (bottom)] and shape (rectangular vs. tubular) on biofouling and the influence of biofouling on algae productivity were investigated. In 9-week experiments, PBR biofouling was dominated by pennate diatoms and clear plastics developed macroalgae. LLDPE exhibited lower photosynthetic-active-radiation (PAR) light transmittance than PolyU before biofouling, but higher transmittance afterwards. Both rectangular and tubular LLDPE PBRs accumulated biofouling predominantly along their wetted edges. For a tubular LLDPE PBR after 12 weeks of biofouling, the correlation between biomass, percent surface coverage, and PAR transmittance was complex, but in general biomass inversely correlated with transmittance. Wrapping segments of this biofouled LLDPE around an algae culture reduced CO 2 and NH 3 -N utilization, indicating that external biofouling must be controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bioresource Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polyurethanes
KW  - Polyethylene
KW  - Fouling
KW  - Photobioreactors
KW  - Membranes (Technology)
KW  - Algal growth
KW  - Pennales
KW  - Algae
KW  - Biofouling
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - OMEGA
KW  - Photobioreactor
N1  - Accession Number: 98143323; Harris, Linden 1; Tozzi, Sasha 2; Wiley, Patrick 1,3; Young, Colleen 4; Richardson, Tra-My Justine 1; Clark, Kit 5; Trent, Jonathan D. 6; Email Address: Jonathan.D.Trent@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: University Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, United States; 2: University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Ocean Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States; 3: University of California Merced School of Engineering, Merced, CA 95343, United States; 4: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States; 5: SETI, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 144, p420; Thesaurus Term: Polyurethanes; Thesaurus Term: Polyethylene; Subject Term: Fouling; Subject Term: Photobioreactors; Subject Term: Membranes (Technology); Subject Term: Algal growth; Subject Term: Pennales; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofouling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: OMEGA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photobioreactor; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.125
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=98143323&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Loizeau, Damien
AU  - McKeown, Nancy K.
AU  - Saper, Lee
AU  - Dyar, M. Darby
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
T1  - What the ancient phyllosilicates at Mawrth Vallis can tell us about possible habitability on early Mars.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/09/15/
VL  - 86
M3  - Article
SP  - 130
EP  - 149
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Phyllosilicate deposits on Mars provide an opportunity to evaluate aqueous activity and the possibility that habitable environments may have existed during the Noachian period there. Analysis of hyperspectral visible/near-infrared (VNIR) Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) images has shown thick, complex profiles of phyllosilicates at Mawrth Vallis, Mars that are consistent with long-term aqueous activity and active chemistry. The ancient phyllosilicates in places such as this could have served as reaction centers for organic molecules. Previous experiments even suggest that phyllosilicates could have played a role in the origin of life. Regardless of whether life formed on early Mars or not, evaluating the type and thickness of clay-bearing units on Mars provides insights into plausible aqueous processes and chemical conditions both during the time of formation of the phyllosilicates, but also the subsequent period following their formation. The phyllosilicate outcrops at Mawrth Vallis extend across a broad (∼1000km) region and exhibit a consistent general trend of Al-phyllosilicates and amorphous Al/Si species at the top of the clay profile and Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates on the bottom. This implies either a change in water chemistry, a change in material being altered, or an alteration profile where the upper clays were leached and altered more significantly than those below. A change in iron in the phyllosilicate units is also observed such that an Fe2+-bearing unit is frequently observed between the Fe3+- and Mg-rich phyllosilicates below and the Al/Si-rich materials above. Abrupt changes in chemistry like this are often indicative of biogeochemical activity on Earth. Possible microbe-clay interactions are considered in comparison with the CRISM observations. This study evaluates CRISM spectra from four images of different outcrops across the Mawrth Vallis region and evaluates the observed phyllosilicates and clay components in terms of plausible aqueous and microbial processes and the potential for retention of biosignatures, if present. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Water chemistry
KW  - Phyllosilicates
KW  - Reconnaissance aircraft
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Habitability
KW  - Mars
KW  - Reflectance spectroscopy
KW  - Water
N1  - Accession Number: 92874130; Bishop, Janice L. 1,2; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org; Loizeau, Damien 3; McKeown, Nancy K. 4; Saper, Lee 1,5; Dyar, M. Darby 6; Des Marais, David J. 2; Parente, Mario 7; Murchie, Scott L. 8; Affiliations: 1: Carl Sagan Center, The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands; 4: Department of Physical Sciences, Grant MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada T5J 4S2; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02916, USA; 6: Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; 7: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; 8: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Issue Info: Sep2013, Vol. 86, p130; Thesaurus Term: Water chemistry; Subject Term: Phyllosilicates; Subject Term: Reconnaissance aircraft; Subject Term: Biogeochemistry; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reflectance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bish, D. L.
AU  - Blake, D. F.
AU  - Vaniman, D. T.
AU  - Chipera, S. J.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Treiman, A. H.
AU  - Sarrazin, P.
AU  - Morrison, S. M.
AU  - Downs, R. T.
AU  - Achilles, C. N.
AU  - Yen, A. S.
AU  - Bristow, T. F.
AU  - Crisp, J. A.
AU  - Morookian, J. M.
AU  - Farmer, J. D.
AU  - Rampe, E. B.
AU  - Stolper, E. M.
AU  - Spanovich, N.
T1  - X-ray Diffraction Results from Mars Science Laboratory: Mineralogy of Rocknest at Gale Crater.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/09/27/
VL  - 341
IS  - 6153
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis of the soil with the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (~An57), forsteritic olivine (~Fo62), augite, and pigeonite, with minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, and ilmenite. The minor phases are present at, or near, detection limits. The soil also contains 27 T 14 weight percent x-ray amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe3+- and volatile-bearing phases, including possibly a substance resembling hisingerite. The crystalline component is similar to the normative mineralogy of certain basaltic rocks from Gusev crater on Mars and of martian basaltic meteorites. The amorphous component is similar to that found on Earth in places such as soils on the Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - Soil mineralogy
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Astronautical laboratories
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - EARTH analogs
KW  - Mauna Kea (Hawaii)
KW  - Curiosity (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90548524; Bish, D. L. 1; Email Address: bish@indiana.edu; Blake, D. F. 2; Vaniman, D. T. 3; Chipera, S. J. 4; Morris, R. V. 5; Ming, D. W. 5; Treiman, A. H. 6; Sarrazin, P. 7; Morrison, S. M. 8; Downs, R. T. 8; Achilles, C. N. 9; Yen, A. S. 10; Bristow, T. F. 2; Crisp, J. A. 10; Morookian, J. M. 10; Farmer, J. D. 11; Rampe, E. B. 5; Stolper, E. M. 12; Spanovich, N. 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 4: Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK 73154, USA; 5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 6: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 7: In-Xitu, Campbell, CA 95008, USA; 8: Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 9: Engineering and Science Contract Group/United Technologies Corporation Aerospace Systems, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 11: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 12: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Issue Info: 9/27/2013, Vol. 341 Issue 6153, p1; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Thesaurus Term: Soil mineralogy; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Astronautical laboratories; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: EARTH analogs; Subject: Mauna Kea (Hawaii) ; Company/Entity: Curiosity (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1238932
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blake, D. F.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Kocurek, G.
AU  - Morrison, S. M.
AU  - Downs, R. T.
AU  - Bish, D.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Edgett, K. S.
AU  - Rubin, D.
AU  - Goetz, W.
AU  - Madsen, M. B.
AU  - Sullivan, R.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Campbell, I.
AU  - Treiman, A. H.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Yen, A. S.
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
AU  - Vaniman, D. T.
AU  - Chipera, S. J.
T1  - Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars: Characterization and Analysis of the Rocknest Sand Shadow.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/09/27/
VL  - 341
IS  - 6153
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Rocknest aeolian deposit is similar to aeolian features analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. The fraction of sand <150 micrometers in size contains ~55% crystalline material consistent with a basaltic heritage and ~45% x-ray amorphous material. The amorphous component of Rocknest is iron-rich and silicon-poor and is the host of the volatiles (water, oxygen, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and chlorine) detected by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument and of the fine-grained nanophase oxide component first described from basaltic soils analyzed by MERs. The similarity between soils and aeolian materials analyzed at Gusev Crater, Meridiani Planum, and Gale Crater implies locally sourced, globally similar basaltic materials or globally and regionally sourced basaltic components deposited locally at all three locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Eolian processes
KW  - Oxides
KW  - Mars surface samples
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Basalt -- Analysis
KW  - Amorphous substances
KW  - Curiosity (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90548527; Blake, D. F. 1; Email Address: david.blake@nasa.gov; Morris, R. V. 2; Kocurek, G. 3; Morrison, S. M. 4; Downs, R. T. 4; Bish, D. 5; Ming, D. W. 2; Edgett, K. S. 6; Rubin, D. 7; Goetz, W. 8; Madsen, M. B. 9; Sullivan, R. 10; Gellert, R. 11; Campbell, I. 11; Treiman, A. H. 12; McLennan, S. M. 13; Yen, A. S. 14; Grotzinger, J. 15; Vaniman, D. T. 16; Chipera, S. J. 17; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 4: Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; 6: Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92191, USA; 7: U.S. Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; 8: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany; 9: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 10: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; 11: University of Guelf, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada; 12: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 13: State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA; 14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 15: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 16: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 17: Chesapeake Energy,Oklahoma City, OK 73102, USA; Issue Info: 9/27/2013, Vol. 341 Issue 6153, p1; Thesaurus Term: Eolian processes; Thesaurus Term: Oxides; Subject Term: Mars surface samples; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Basalt -- Analysis; Subject Term: Amorphous substances ; Company/Entity: Curiosity (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1239505
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Painemal, D.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Sun-Mack, S.
T1  - The impact of horizontal heterogeneities, cloud fraction, and liquid water path on warm cloud effective radii from CERES-like Aqua MODIS retrievals.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 13
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 9997
EP  - 10003
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The impact of horizontal heterogeneities, liquid water path (LWP from AMSR-E), and cloud fraction (CF) on MODIS cloud effective radius (re), retrieved from the 2.1 µm (re2.1) and 3.8 µm (re3.8) channels, is investigated for warm clouds over the southeast Pacific. Values of re retrieved using the CERES algorithms are averaged at the CERES footprint resolution (~20 km), while heterogeneities (Hσ) are calculated as the ratio between the standard deviation and mean 0.64 µm reflectance. The value of re2.1 strongly depends on CF, with magnitudes up to 5 µm larger than those for overcast scenes, whereas re3.8 remains insensitive to CF. For cloudy scenes, both re2.1 and re3.8 increase with Hσ for any given AMSR-E LWP, but re2.1 changes more than for re3.8. Additionally, re3.8-re2.1 differences are positive (< 1 µm) for homogeneous scenes (Hσ < 0.2) and LWP>45 gm-2, and negative (up to -4 µm) for larger Hσ . While re3.8-re2.1 differences in homogeneous scenes are qualitatively consistent with in situ microphysical observations over the region of study, negative differences - particularly evinced in mean regional maps - are more likely to reflect the dominant bias associated with cloud heterogeneities rather than information about the cloud vertical structure. The consequences for MODIS LWP are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Water
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Standard deviations
KW  - Qualitative chemical analysis
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 91682422; Painemal, D. 1; Email Address: david.painemal@nasa.gov; Minnis, P. 1; Sun-Mack, S. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science System and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 19, p9997; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Water; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Standard deviations; Subject Term: Qualitative chemical analysis; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Algorithms; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-9997-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - H.-W. Wong
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Heath, C. M.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
AU  - Winstead, E. L.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Tacina, K. M.
AU  - Ross, R. C.
AU  - Albo, S. E.
AU  - Bulzan, D. L.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Miake-Lye, R. C.
T1  - Laboratory and modeling studies on the effects of water and soot emissions and ambient conditions on the properties of contrail ice particles in the jet regime.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 13
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 10049
EP  - 10060
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Contrails and contrail-induced cirrus clouds are identified as the most uncertain components in determining aviation impacts on global climate change. Parameters affecting contrail ice particle formation immediately after the engine exit plane (<5 s in plume age) may be critical to ice particle properties used in large-scale models predicting contrail radiative forcing. Despite this, detailed understanding of these parametric effects is still limited. In this paper, we present results from recent laboratory and modeling studies conducted to investigate the effects of water and soot emissions and ambient conditions on near-field formation of contrail ice particles and ice particle properties. The Particle Aerosol Laboratory (PAL) at the NASA Glenn Research Center and the Aerodyne microphysical parcel model for contrail ice particle formation were employed. Our studies show that exhaust water concentration has a significant impact on contrail ice particle formation and properties. When soot particles were introduced, ice particle formation was observed only when exhaust water concentration was above a critical level. When no soot or sulfuric acid was introduced, no ice particle formation was observed, suggesting that ice particle formation from homogeneous nucleation followed by homogeneous freezing of liquid water was unfavorable. Soot particles were found to compete for water vapor condensation, and higher soot concentrations emitted into the chamber resulted in smaller ice particles being formed. Chamber conditions corresponding to higher cruising altitudes were found to favor ice particle formation. The microphysical model captures trends of particle extinction measurements well, but discrepancies between the model and the optical particle counter measurements exist as the model predicts narrower ice particle size distributions and ice particle sizes nearly a factor of two larger than measured. These discrepancies are likely due to particle loss and scatter during the experimental sampling process and the lack of treatment of turbulent mixing in the model. Our combined experimental and modeling work demonstrates that formation of contrail ice particles can be reproduced in the NASA PAL facility, and the parametric understanding of the ice particle properties from the model and experiments can potentially be used in large-scale models to provide better estimates of the impact of aviation contrails on climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Water
KW  - Soot
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Emission control
KW  - Ice
KW  - Condensation trails
KW  - Jet planes
N1  - Accession Number: 91682425; H.-W. Wong 1; Email Address: hwwong@aerodyne.com; Beyersdorf, A. J. 2; Heath, C. M. 3; Ziemba, L. D. 2; Winstead, E. L. 2; Thornhill, K. L. 2; Tacina, K. M. 3; Ross, R. C. 3; Albo, S. E. 1; Bulzan, D. L. 3; Anderson, B. E. 2; Miake-Lye, R. C. 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Aero-Thermodynamics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; 2: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Combustion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 19, p10049; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Water; Thesaurus Term: Soot; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Emission control; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Condensation trails; Subject Term: Jet planes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-10049-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fischer, E. V.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Yantosca, R. M.
AU  - Sulprizio, M. P.
AU  - Millet, D. B.
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Paulot, F.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Roiger, A.-E.
AU  - Ries, L.
AU  - Talbot, R. W.
AU  - Dzepina, K.
AU  - Deolal, S. Pandey
T1  - Atmospheric peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN): a global budget and source attribution.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 26841
EP  - 26891
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) formed in the atmospheric oxidation of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), is the principal tropospheric reservoir for nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx =NO+NO2). PAN enables the transport and release of NOx to the remote troposphere with major implications for the global distributions of ozone and OH, the main tropospheric oxidants. Simulation of PAN is a challenge for global models because of the dependence of PAN on vertical transport as well as complex and uncertain NMVOC sources and chemistry. Here we use an improved representation of NMVOCs in a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) and show that it can simulate PAN observations from aircraft campaigns worldwide. The immediate carbonyl precursors for PAN formation include acetaldehyde (44% of the global source), methylglyoxal (30 %), acetone (7 %), and a suite of other isoprene and terpene oxidation products (19 %). A diversity of NMVOC emissions is responsible for PAN formation globally including isoprene (37 %) and alkanes (14 %). Anthropogenic sources are dominant in the extratropical Northern Hemisphere outside the growing season. Open fires appear to play little role except at high northern latitudes in spring, although results are very sensitive to plume chemistry and plume rise. Lightning NOx is the dominant contributor to the observed PAN maximum in the free troposphere over the South Atlantic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Peroxyacetyl nitrate
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Methane
KW  - Radicals (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 91851782; Fischer, E. V. 1; Email Address: evf@atmos.colostate.edu; Jacob, D. J. 2; Yantosca, R. M. 2; Sulprizio, M. P. 2; Millet, D. B. 3; Mao, J. 4; Paulot, F. 1; Singh, H. B. 5; Roiger, A.-E. 6; Ries, L. 7; Talbot, R. W. 8; Dzepina, K. 9; Deolal, S. Pandey 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; 2: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: Department of Soil, Water and Climate, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA; 4: Princeton University, GFDL, Princeton, NJ, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 6: German Aerospace Center, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Atmospheric Trace Gases, Oberphaffenhofen, Germany; 7: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; 8: Federal Environment Agency, GAW Global Station Zugspitze/Hohenpeissenberg, Zugspitze, Germany; 9: Department of Chemistry, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI USA; 10: Bluesign Technologies AG, St. Gallen, Switzerland; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 10, p26841; Thesaurus Term: Peroxyacetyl nitrate; Thesaurus Term: OXIDATION; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Methane; Subject Term: Radicals (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 51p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-26841-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Engel, I.
AU  - B. P. Luo
AU  - Khaykin, S. M.
AU  - Wienhold, F. G.
AU  - Vömel, H.
AU  - Kivi, R.
AU  - Hoyle, C. R.
AU  - Grooß, J.-U.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Peter, T.
T1  - Arctic stratospheric dehydration -- Part 2: Microphysical modeling.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 27163
EP  - 27200
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Large areas of synoptic-scale ice PSCs (Polar Stratospheric Clouds) distinguished the Arctic winter 2009/2010 from other years and revealed unprecedented evidence of water redistribution in the stratosphere. A unique snapshot of water vapor repartitioning into ice particles was observed under extremely cold Arctic conditions with temperatures around 183K. Balloon-borne, aircraft and satellite-based measurements suggest that synoptic-scale ice PSCs and concurrent reductions and enhancements in water vapor are tightly linked with the observed de- and rehydration signatures, respectively. In a companion paper (Part 1), water vapor and aerosol backscatter measurements from the RECONCILE (Reconciliation of essential process parameters for an enhanced predictability of Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interactions) and LAPBIAT-II (Lapland Atmosphere-Biosphere Facility) field campaigns have been analyzed in detail. This paper uses a column version of the Zurich Optical and Microphysical box Model (ZOMM) including newly developed NAT (Nitric Acid Trihy-drate) and ice nucleation parameterizations. Particle sedimentation is calculated in order to simulate the vertical redistribution of chemical species such as water and nitric acid. Accounting for small-scale temperature fluctuations along the trajectory is essential to reach agreement between simulated optical cloud properties and observations. Whereas modeling only homogeneous nucleation causes the formation of ice clouds with particle radii too small to explain the measured vertical redistribution of water, we show that the use of recently developed heterogeneous ice nucleation parameterizations allows the model to quantitatively reproduce the observed signatures of de- and rehydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Polar stratospheric clouds
KW  - Winter
KW  - Water -- Distribution
KW  - Dehydration (Chemistry)
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 91851789; Engel, I. 1,2; Email Address: ines.engel@alumni.ethz.ch; B. P. Luo 2; Khaykin, S. M. 3,4; Wienhold, F. G. 2; Vömel, H. 5; Kivi, R. 6; Hoyle, C. R. 2,7; Grooß, J.-U. 1; Pitts, M. C. 8; Peter, T. 2; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung -- Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; 2: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3: Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russia; 4: LATMOS-IPSL, Université Versailles St. Quentin, CNRS/INSU, Guyancourt, France; 5: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg -- Richard Aßmann Observatory, Lindenberg, Germany; 6: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research, Sodankylä, Finland; 7: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 10, p27163; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Polar stratospheric clouds; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Distribution; Subject Term: Dehydration (Chemistry); Subject Term: Arctic regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-27163-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91851789&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Streets, David G.
AU  - Canty, Timothy
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - de Foy, Benjamin
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Edwards, David P.
AU  - Haynes, John A.
AU  - Henze, Daven K.
AU  - Houyoux, Marc R.
AU  - Jacob, Daniel J.
AU  - Krotkov, Nickolay A.
AU  - Lamsal, Lok N.
AU  - Liu, Yang
AU  - Lu, Zifeng
AU  - Martin, Randall V.
AU  - Pfister, Gabriele G.
AU  - Pinder, Robert W.
AU  - Salawitch, Ross J.
AU  - Wecht, Kevin J.
T1  - Emissions estimation from satellite retrievals: A review of current capability.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 77
M3  - Article
SP  - 1011
EP  - 1042
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Since the mid-1990s a new generation of Earth-observing satellites has been able to detect tropospheric air pollution at increasingly high spatial and temporal resolution. Most primary emitted species can be measured by one or more of the instruments. This review article addresses the question of how well we can relate the satellite measurements to quantification of primary emissions and what advances are needed to improve the usability of the measurements by U.S. air quality managers. Built on a comprehensive literature review and comprising input by both satellite experts and emission inventory specialists, the review identifies several targets that seem promising: large point sources of NO x  and SO2, species that are difficult to measure by other means (NH3 and CH4, for example), area sources that cannot easily be quantified by traditional bottom-up methods (such as unconventional oil and gas extraction, shipping, biomass burning, and biogenic sources), and the temporal variation of emissions (seasonal, diurnal, episodic). Techniques that enhance the usefulness of current retrievals (data assimilation, oversampling, multi-species retrievals, improved vertical profiles, etc.) are discussed. Finally, we point out the value of having new geostationary satellites like GEO-CAPE and TEMPO over North America that could provide measurements at high spatial (few km) and temporal (hourly) resolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Nitrogen oxides emission control
KW  - Gas extraction
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Parameter estimation
KW  - Literature reviews
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Data assimilation
KW  - Emission inventories
KW  - National Emission Inventory
KW  - Satellite retrievals
N1  - Accession Number: 89615943; Streets, David G. 1; Email Address: dstreets@anl.gov; Canty, Timothy 2; Carmichael, Gregory R. 3; de Foy, Benjamin 4; Dickerson, Russell R. 2; Duncan, Bryan N. 5; Edwards, David P. 6; Haynes, John A. 7; Henze, Daven K. 8; Houyoux, Marc R. 9; Jacob, Daniel J. 10; Krotkov, Nickolay A. 5; Lamsal, Lok N. 5; Liu, Yang 11; Lu, Zifeng 1; Martin, Randall V. 12; Pfister, Gabriele G. 6; Pinder, Robert W. 13; Salawitch, Ross J. 2; Wecht, Kevin J. 10; Affiliations: 1: Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 3: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; 4: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA; 5: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 6: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 7: Earth Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, USA; 8: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 9: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; 10: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 11: Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; 12: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; 13: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 2771, USA; Issue Info: Oct2013, Vol. 77, p1011; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides emission control; Subject Term: Gas extraction; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject Term: Parameter estimation; Subject Term: Literature reviews; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission inventories; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Emission Inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite retrievals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213118 Services to oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=89615943&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bohn, T. J.
AU  - Podest, E.
AU  - Schroeder, R.
AU  - Pinto, N.
AU  - McDonald, K. C.
AU  - Glagolev, M.
AU  - Filippov, I.
AU  - Maksyutov, S.
AU  - Heimann, M.
AU  - X. Chen
AU  - Lettenmaier, D. P.
T1  - Modeling the large-scale effects of surface moisture heterogeneity on wetland carbon fluxes in the West Siberian Lowland.
JO  - Biogeosciences
JF  - Biogeosciences
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 10
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 6559
EP  - 6576
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 17264170
AB  - We used a process-based model to examine the role of spatial heterogeneity of surface and sub-surface water on the carbon budget of the wetlands of the West Siberian Lowland over the period 1948-2010. We found that, while surface heterogeneity (fractional saturated area) had little overall effect on estimates of the region's carbon fluxes, subsurface heterogeneity (spatial variations in water table depth) played an important role in both the overall magnitude and spatial distribution of estimates of the region's carbon fluxes. In particular, to reproduce the spatial pattern of CH4 emissions recorded by intensive in situ observations across the domain, in which very little CH4 is emitted north of 60° N, it was necessary to (a) account for CH4 emissions from unsaturated wetlands and (b) use spatially varying methane model parameters that reduced estimated CH4 emissions in the northern (permafrost) half of the domain (and/or account for lower CH4 emissions under inundated conditions). Our results suggest that previous estimates of the response of these wetlands to thawing permafrost may have overestimated future increases in methane emissions in the permafrost zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Wetlands
KW  - Water -- Carbon content
KW  - Ecological heterogeneity
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Methane -- Environmental aspects
KW  - West Siberian Plain (Russia & Kazakhstan)
N1  - Accession Number: 93250406; Bohn, T. J. 1; Podest, E. 2; Schroeder, R. 2,3; Pinto, N. 2; McDonald, K. C. 2,3; Glagolev, M. 4,5,6; Filippov, I. 6; Maksyutov, S. 7; Heimann, M. 8; X. Chen 1; Lettenmaier, D. P. 1; Email Address: dennisl@uw.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA, USA; 3: City College of New York, City University of New York, New York, USA; 4: Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; 5: Institute of Forest Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Uspenskoe, Russia; 6: Yugra State University, Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia; 7: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; 8: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 10 Issue 10, p6559; Thesaurus Term: Moisture; Thesaurus Term: Wetlands; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Carbon content; Thesaurus Term: Ecological heterogeneity; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Methane -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: West Siberian Plain (Russia & Kazakhstan); NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bg-10-6559-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93250406&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Hiatt, Cyrus
T1  - Forest production predicted from satellite image analysis for the Southeast Asia region.
JO  - Carbon Balance & Management
JF  - Carbon Balance & Management
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 17500680
AB  - Background: The objective of this study was to demonstrate a new, cost-effective method to define the sustainable amounts of harvested wood products in Southeast Asian countries case studies, while avoiding degradation (net loss) of total wood carbon stocks. Satellite remote sensing from the MODIS sensor was used in the CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) carbon cycle model to map forest production for the Southeast Asia region from 2000 to 2010. These CASA model results have been designed to be spatially detailed enough to support carbon cycle assessments in different wooded land cover classes, e.g., open woodlands, wetlands, and forest areas. Results: The country with the highest average forest net primary production (NPP greater than 950 g C m-2 yr-1) over the period was the Philippines, followed by Malaysia and Indonesia. Myanmar and Vietnam had the lowest average forest NPP among the region's countries at less than 815 g C m-2 yr-1. Case studies from throughout the Southeast Asia region for the maximum harvested wood products amount that could be sustainably extracted per year were generated using the CASA model NPP predictions. Conclusions: The method of using CASA model's estimated annual change in forest carbon on a yearly basis can conservatively define the upper limit for the amount of harvested wood products that can be removed and still avoid degradation (net loss) of the total wood carbon stock over that same time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon Balance & Management is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forest products
KW  - Forest degradation
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Ground cover plants
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Southeast Asia
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Forest production
KW  - Harvested wood products
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 91354231; Potter, Christopher 1; Klooster, Steven 2; Genovese, Vanessa 2; Hiatt, Cyrus 2; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2 : California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA;  Source Info: 2013, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Forest products; Thesaurus Term: Forest degradation; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Ground cover plants; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject: Southeast Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harvested wood products; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1750-0680-8-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodier, S.
AU  - Y. Hu
AU  - Vaughan, M.
T1  - Sea ice detection with space-based LIDAR.
JO  - Cryosphere Discussions
JF  - Cryosphere Discussions
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 4681
EP  - 4701
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 19940432
AB  - Monitoring long-term climate change in the Polar Regions relies on accurate, detailed and repeatable measurements of geophysical processes and states. These regions are among the Earth's most vulnerable ecosystems, and measurements there have shown rapid changes in the seasonality and the extent of snow and sea ice coverage. The authors have recently developed a promising new technique that uses lidar surface measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission to infer ocean surface ice-water phase. CALIPSO's 532 nm depolarization ratio measurements of the ocean surface are uniquely capable of providing information about the ever-changing sea surface state within the Polar Regions. With the finer resolution of the CALIPSO footprint (90m diameter, spaced 335m apart) and its ability to acquire measurements during both daytime and nighttime orbit segments and in the presence of clouds, the CALIPSO sea ice product provides fine-scale information on mixed phase scenes and can be used to assess/validate the estimates of sea-ice concentration currently provided by passive sensors. This paper describes the fundamentals of the CALIPSO sea-ice detection and classification technique. We present retrieval results from a six-year study, which are compared to existing data sets obtained by satellite-based passive remote sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryosphere Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sea ice
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Ocean surface topography
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 91829229; Rodier, S. 1; Email Address: sharon.d.rodier@nasa.gov; Y. Hu 2; Vaughan, M. 2; Affiliations: 1: SSAI, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton VA 23681-2199, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton VA 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p4681; Thesaurus Term: Sea ice; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Thesaurus Term: Ocean surface topography; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Detectors; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/tcd-7-4681-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91829229&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yates, Emma
AU  - Detweiler, Angela
AU  - Iraci, Laura
AU  - Bebout, Brad
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Schiro, Kathleen
AU  - Sheffner, Edwin
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl
AU  - Tadić, Jovan
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
T1  - Assessing the role of alkaline soils on the carbon cycle at a playa site.
JO  - Environmental Earth Sciences
JF  - Environmental Earth Sciences
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 70
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1047
EP  - 1056
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 18666280
AB  - Alkaline soils occupy approximately 5 % of the Earth's land surface (7 million km), and this may increase due to the global trend towards increasing desertification, yet the extent to which these soils modulate carbon dynamics on regional and global scales is inadequately studied and poorly understood. Railroad Valley (RRV) playa (Nevada, USA) is a semi-arid playa with highly alkaline soils (pH > 10) and no vegetation. The extreme, alkaline environment and absence of vascular vegetation make RRV an ideal site to investigate the role of physiochemical processes of soil-atmosphere CO exchange. Both field and laboratory investigations were conducted. This work shows how the atmospheric CO mixing ratio decreases at nighttime at RRV playa to a value well below the average global background CO concentration. Laboratory investigations using soil samples collected at RRV playa confirmed that CO uptake by RRV playa soils occurs when temperatures are decreased. Both field and laboratory studies suggest that the alkaline RRV soil acts as a CO reservoir during colder periods, such as at nighttime. These results highlight the importance of investigating carbon dynamics in previously understudied environments. Given how little information is available on the CO flux in desert and semi-arid alkaline ecosystems lacking vegetation, our findings draw attention to these environments as becoming increasingly important for carbon fluxes on regional and global scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Earth Sciences is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sodic soils
KW  - Desertification
KW  - Plants
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Carbon dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - United States
KW  - Alkaline soils
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Carbon dioxide adsorption
KW  - Carbon dioxide flux
KW  - Playa
KW  - Semi-arid ecosystem
N1  - Accession Number: 90187160; Yates, Emma 1; Email Address: emma.l.yates@nasa.gov; Detweiler, Angela; Iraci, Laura 1; Bebout, Brad 1; McKay, Christopher 1; Schiro, Kathleen 2; Sheffner, Edwin 1; Kelley, Cheryl 3; Tadić, Jovan 1; Loewenstein, Max 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles 90095-1565 USA; 3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia 65211-1380 USA; Issue Info: Oct2013, Vol. 70 Issue 3, p1047; Thesaurus Term: Sodic soils; Thesaurus Term: Desertification; Thesaurus Term: Plants; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: Carbon dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkaline soils; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide adsorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Playa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-arid ecosystem; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s12665-012-2194-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=90187160&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Yuru
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
T1  - Measurement of Small Cohesion of JSC-1A Lunar Simulant.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2013/10//
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 882
EP  - 886
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Because of the difficulty of applying low, effective confining pressure in a triaxial test, the reported small cohesion of JSC-1A lunar simulant from past research is neither accurate nor reliable. To develop an effective way to measure the cohesion parameter, a new method was adopted and demonstrated. As the value of the critical height of a vertical cut is proportional to the cohesion of a soil, the cohesion of JSC-1A simulant was obtained through simple calculations based on the critical height measured. Footprint demonstrations were also used to illustrate the existence of cohesion in JSC-1A simulant, in a comparison with the photograph of footprints of astronauts on the Moon. A group of critical height tests was conducted to obtain the cohesion of lunar simulant JSC-1A for a range of densities from . It was found that the cohesion of JSC-1A simulant varies in the range from 0.0 to 1.1 kPa, in an approximately linear relationship with the soil density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COHESION
KW  - FOOTPRINTS
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - SOIL density
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SOIL mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 90259315; Source Information: Oct2013, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p882; Subject Term: COHESION; Subject Term: FOOTPRINTS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Subject Term: SOIL density; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: SOIL mechanics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000197
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=90259315&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104137102
T1  - A Miniaturized Analyzer Capable of White-Blood- Cell and Differential Analyses During Spaceflight.
AU  - Crucian, Brian
AU  - Quiriarte, Heather
AU  - Guess, Terry
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - McMonigal, Kathleen
AU  - Sams, Clarence
Y1  - 2013///Fall2013
N1  - Accession Number: 104137102. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140119. Revision Date: 20150819. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Laboratory Diagnosis. Grant Information: NASA-Johnson Space Center (JSC) Internal Research and Development (IR&D) Program for funding this study. NLM UID: 0250641. 
KW  - Leukocyte Count
KW  - Autoanalyzers
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Leukocytes -- Classification
KW  - Equipment Design
KW  - Miniaturization
KW  - Equipment Reliability
KW  - Comparative Studies
KW  - Data Analysis Software
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Correlation Coefficient
KW  - Human
KW  - Funding Source
SP  - 304
EP  - 312
JO  - Laboratory Medicine
JF  - Laboratory Medicine
JA  - LAB MED
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
AB  - Spaceflight has adverse effects on the human body that pose health risks to astronauts spending extended time in space missions. For clinical monitoring of astronauts and for in-flight biomedical research, laboratory instruments must be available in the spaceflight environment. Currently, no instrument has been shown to be capable of generating a white blood cell (WBC) count and differential during spaceflight to our knowledge, although this is a medical requirement of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We evaluated a compact hematology analyzer for compatibility with a zero-gravity environment. We performed analyses in reduced-gravity during parabolic flight. Herein, we describe our engineering evaluation and report the reduced-gravity validation data we collected. The hematology analyzer we tested met the basic requirements for use in spaceflight and should be capable of accurately measuring WBC parameters aboard the International Space Station.
SN  - 0007-5027
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas
AD  - JES Tech, LLC, Houston, Texas
AD  - Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering, Houston, Texas
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas
DO  - 10.1309/LMD3THAYCHICF2XT
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aurin, Dirk
AU  - Mannino, Antonio
AU  - Franz, Bryan
T1  - Spatially resolving ocean color and sediment dispersion in river plumes, coastal systems, and continental shelf waters.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 137
M3  - Article
SP  - 212
EP  - 225
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Satellite remote sensing of ocean color in dynamic coastal, inland, and nearshore waters is impeded by high variability in optical constituents, demands specialized atmospheric correction, and is limited by instrument sensitivity. To accurately detect dispersion of bio-optical properties, remote sensors require ample signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to sense small variations in ocean color without saturating over bright pixels, an atmospheric correction that can accommodate significant water-leaving radiance in the near infrared (NIR), and spatial and temporal resolution that coincides with the scales of variability in the environment. Several current and historic space-borne sensors have met these requirements with success in the open ocean, but are not optimized for highly red-reflective and heterogeneous waters such as those found near river outflows or in the presence of sediment resuspension. Here we apply analytical approaches for determining optimal spatial resolution, dominant spatial scales of variability (“patches”), and proportions of patch variability that can be resolved from four river plumes around the world between 2008 and 2011. An offshore region in the Sargasso Sea is analyzed for comparison. A method is presented for processing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua and Terra imagery including cloud detection, stray light masking, faulty detector avoidance, and dynamic aerosol correction using short-wave- and near-infrared wavebands in extremely turbid regions which pose distinct optical and technical challenges. Results show that a pixel size of ~520m or smaller is generally required to resolve spatial heterogeneity in ocean color and total suspended materials in river plumes. Optimal pixel size increases with distance from shore to ~630m in nearshore regions, ~750m on the continental shelf, and ~1350m in the open ocean. Greater than 90% of the optical variability within plume regions is resolvable with 500m resolution, and small, but significant, differences were found between peak and nadir river flow periods in terms of optimal resolution and resolvable proportion of variability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sediments (Geology)
KW  - Coasts
KW  - Continental shelf
KW  - Ocean color -- Measurement
KW  - Plumes (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Spatial analysis (Geography)
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Atmospheric correction
KW  - Coastal oceanography
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Satellite remote sensing
KW  - Spatial resolution
KW  - Total suspended material
N1  - Accession Number: 89615269; Aurin, Dirk 1,2; Email Address: dirk.a.aurin@nasa.gov; Mannino, Antonio 2; Franz, Bryan 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 616, Bldg. 22, Rm. 248, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Oct2013, Vol. 137, p212; Thesaurus Term: Sediments (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Coasts; Thesaurus Term: Continental shelf; Subject Term: Ocean color -- Measurement; Subject Term: Plumes (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Geography); Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric correction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal oceanography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean color; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial resolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Total suspended material; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2013.06.018
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datas, A.
AU  - Chubb, D.L.
AU  - Veeraragavan, A.
T1  - Steady state analysis of a storage integrated solar thermophotovoltaic (SISTPV) system.
JO  - Solar Energy
JF  - Solar Energy
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 45
SN  - 0038092X
AB  - Highlights: [•] We model a novel solar thermophotovoltaic system including thermal storage. [•] Silicon, with a very high latent heat of 1800 kJ/kg, is used as phase-change material. [•] We perform an overall parametric optimization of the full system. [•] Efficiency up to ∼35% and running times after sunset of 10h are approachable. [•] The key benefits are: simplicity, no moving parts, modularity and low weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Heat storage
KW  - Thermophotovoltaic cells
KW  - Silicon
KW  - Phase change materials
KW  - Mathematical optimization
KW  - Concentrating solar power
KW  - Phase change material
KW  - Photovoltaics
KW  - Solar thermophotovoltaics
KW  - Thermal storage
N1  - Accession Number: 90213448; Datas, A. 1; Email Address: a.datas@ies-def.upm.es; Chubb, D.L. 2; Veeraragavan, A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Issue Info: Oct2013, Vol. 96, p33; Thesaurus Term: Solar energy; Thesaurus Term: Heat storage; Subject Term: Thermophotovoltaic cells; Subject Term: Silicon; Subject Term: Phase change materials; Subject Term: Mathematical optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Concentrating solar power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase change material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar thermophotovoltaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal storage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solener.2013.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Z. Li
AU  - X. Gu
AU  - L. Wang
AU  - D. Li
AU  - Y. Xie
AU  - K. Li
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Schuster, G.
AU  - Goloub, P.
AU  - Y. Zhang
AU  - L. Li
AU  - Y. Ma
AU  - H. Xu
T1  - Aerosol physical and chemical properties retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements during heavy haze days in Beijing winter.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/10/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 10171
EP  - 10183
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - With the increase in economic development over the past thirty years, many large cities in eastern and southwestern China are experiencing increased haze events and atmospheric pollution, causing significant impacts on the regional environment and even climate. However, knowledge on the aerosol physical and chemical properties in heavy haze conditions is still insufficient. In this study, two winter heavy haze events in Beijing that occurred in 2011 and 2012 were selected and investigated by using the ground-based remote sensing measurements. We used a CIMEL CE318 sun- sky radiometer to retrieve haze aerosol optical, physical and chemical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), size distribution, complex refractive indices and aerosol fractions identified as black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), mineral dust (DU), ammonium sulfate-like (AS) components and aerosol water content (AW). The retrieval results from a total of five haze days showed that the aerosol loading and properties during the two winter haze events were comparable. Therefore, average heavy haze property parameters were drawn to present a research case for future studies. The average AOD is about 3.0 at 440 nm, and the Ångström exponent is 1.3 from 440 to 870 nm. The fine-mode AOD is 2.8 corresponding to a fine-mode fraction of 0.93. The coarse particles occupied a considerable volume fraction of the bimodal size distribution in winter haze events, with the mean particle radius of 0.21 and 2.9 µm for the fine and coarse modes respectively. The real part of the refractive indices exhibited a relatively flat spectral behavior with an average value of 1.48 from 440 to 1020 nm. The imaginary part showed spectral variation, with the value at 440 nm (about 0.013) higher than the other three wavelengths (about 0.008 at 675 nm). The aerosol composition retrieval results showed that volume fractions of BC, BrC, DU, AS and AW are 1, 2, 49, 15 and 33 %, respectively, on average for the investigated haze events. The preliminary uncertainty estimation and comparison of these remote sensing results with in situ BC and PM2.5 measurements are also presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Haze
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Refractive index
KW  - Wavelengths
N1  - Accession Number: 91837786; Z. Li 1; X. Gu 1; L. Wang 1,2; Email Address: wl8394722@126.com; D. Li 1,3; Y. Xie 1,3; K. Li 1,3; Dubovik, O. 4; Schuster, G. 5; Goloub, P. 4; Y. Zhang 1,3; L. Li 1,3; Y. Ma 1; H. Xu 1; Affiliations: 1: State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellites Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2: International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; 3: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 4: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq 59655, France; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 20, p10171; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Haze; Subject Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Refractive index; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-10171-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - W. Sun
AU  - Lukashin, C.
T1  - Modeling polarized solar radiation from the ocean-atmosphere system for CLARREO inter-calibration applications.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/10/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 10303
EP  - 10324
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Reflected solar radiance from the Earth- atmosphere system is polarized. Radiance measurements can be affected by light's state of polarization if the radiometric sensor has polarization dependence. To enable the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission for inter-calibration of the imagers with polarization dependence, such as the MODIS, the polarization state of the light must be known with sufficient accuracy. For this purpose, the polarized solar radiation from the ocean-atmosphere system is studied with an adding-doubling radiative transfer model (ADRTM). The Cox-Munk ocean wave slope distribution model is used in calculation of the reflection matrix of a wind-ruffled ocean surface. An empirical foam spectral reflectance model and an empirical spectral reflectance model for water volume below the surface are integrated in the ocean-surface model. Solar reflectance from the ADRTM is compared with that from the discrete-ordinate radiative transfer (DISORT) model. Sensitivity studies are conducted for various ocean-surface and atmospheric conditions for the stratification of polarization distribution models (PDMs), which are to be used in the inter-calibration of the polarization-sensitive imager measurements with the CLARREO data. This report presents the first accurate approach for making the spectral PDMs over broad solar spectra, which cannot be achieved by empirical PDMs based on the data from polarimetric sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Atmospheric radio refractivity
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Ocean-atmosphere interaction
KW  - Polarimetric remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 91837794; W. Sun 1; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov; Lukashin, C. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 20, p10303; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Optical polarization; Subject Term: Atmospheric radio refractivity; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Ocean-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: Polarimetric remote sensing; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 11 Diagrams, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-10303-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Barbieri, Mauro
AU  - Miglio, Andrea
AU  - Deck, Katherine M.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Montet, Benjamin T.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Hekker, Saskia
AU  - Montalbán, Josefina
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Campante, Tiago L.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
AU  - Elsworth, Yvonne P.
AU  - Stello, Dennis
AU  - Arentoft, Torben
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
T1  - Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/10/18/
VL  - 342
IS  - 6156
M3  - Article
SP  - 331
EP  - 334
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Stars hosting hot Jupiters are often observed to have high obliquities, whereas stars with multiple coplanar planets have been seen to have low obliquities. This has been interpreted as evidence that hot-Jupiter formation is linked to dynamical disruption, as opposed to planet migration through a protoplanetary disk. We used asteroseismology to measure a large obliquity for Kepler-56, a red giant star hosting two transiting coplanar planets. These observations show that spin-orbit misalignments are not confined to hot-Jupiter systems. Misalignments in a broader class of systems had been predicted as a consequence of torques from wide-orbiting companions, and indeed radial velocity measurements revealed a third companion in a wide orbit in the Kepler-56 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spin-orbit interactions (Physics)
KW  - Radial velocity of stars
KW  - Protoplanetary disks
KW  - Planetary orbits
KW  - Extrasolar planets -- Orbits
N1  - Accession Number: 91562567; Huber, Daniel 1; Email Address: daniel.huber@nasa.gov; Carter, Joshua A. 2; Barbieri, Mauro 3; Miglio, Andrea 4,5; Deck, Katherine M. 6; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 7; Montet, Benjamin T. 8; Buchhave, Lars A. 9,10; Chaplin, William J. 4,5; Hekker, Saskia 11,12; Montalbán, Josefina 13; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto 6; Basu, Sarbani 14; Bedding, Timothy R. 5,15; Campante, Tiago L. 4,5; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen 5; Elsworth, Yvonne P. 4,5; Stello, Dennis 5,15; Arentoft, Torben 5; Ford, Eric B. 16,17; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; 3: CISAS, University of Padua, via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy; 4: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; 5: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; 6: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 7: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 8: Department of Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 9: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; 10: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museumof Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; 11: Astronomical Institute “Anton Pannekoek,” University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands; 12: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany; 13: Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique de l’Université de Liège, B 4000 Liège, Belgium.; 14: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.; 15: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; 16: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 17: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA; Issue Info: 10/18/2013, Vol. 342 Issue 6156, p331; Subject Term: Spin-orbit interactions (Physics); Subject Term: Radial velocity of stars; Subject Term: Protoplanetary disks; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets -- Orbits; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1242066
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kyrölä, E.
AU  - Laine, M.
AU  - Sofieva, V.
AU  - Tamminen, J.
AU  - Päivärinta, S.-M.
AU  - Tukiainen, S.
AU  - Zawodny, J.
AU  - Thomason, L.
T1  - Combined SAGE II-GOMOS ozone profile data set for 1984-2011 and trend analysis of the vertical distribution of ozone.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 13
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 10645
EP  - 10658
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We have studied data from two satellite occultation instruments in order to generate a high vertical resolution homogeneous ozone time series of 26 yr. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II solar occultation instrument and the Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) instrument measured ozone profiles in the stratosphere and mesosphere from 1984-2005 and 2002-2012, respectively. Global coverage, good vertical resolution, and the self-calibrating measurement method make data from these instruments valuable for the detection of changes in vertical distribution of ozone over time. As both instruments share a common measurement period from 2002-2005, it is possible to inter-calibrate the data sets. We investigate how well these measurements agree with each other and combine all the data to produce a new stratospheric ozone profile data set. Above 55 km, SAGE II measurements show much less ozone than the GOMOS nighttime measurements as a consequence of the well-known diurnal variation of ozone in the mesosphere. Between 35-55 km, SAGE II sunrise and sunset measurements differ from GOMOS' measurements to different extents. Sunrise measurements show 2% less ozone than GOMOS, whereas sunset measurements show 4% more ozone than GOMOS. Differences can be explained qualitatively by the diurnal variation of ozone in the stratosphere recently observed by SMILES and modeled by chemical transport models. Between 25-35 km, SAGE II sunrise and sunset measurements and GOMOS measurements agree within 1 %. The observed ozone bias between collocated measurements of SAGE II sunrise/sunset and GOMOS night measurements is used to align the two data sets. The combined data set covers the time period 1984-2011, latitudes 60° S- 60° N, and the altitude range of 20-60 km. Profile data are given on a 1 km vertical grid, and with a resolution of 1 month in time and 10° in latitude. The combined ozone data set is analyzed by fitting a time series model to the data. We assume a linear trend with an inflection point (so-called "hockey stick" form). The best estimate for the point of inflection was found to be the year 1997 for ozone between altitudes 35 and 45 km. At all latitudes and altitudes from 35 to 50 km we find a clear change in ozone trend before and after the inflection time. From 38 to 45 km, a negative trend of 4% per decade (statistically significant at 95% level) at the equator has changed to a small positive trend of 0-2% per decade. At mid-latitudes, the negative trend of 4-8% per decade has changed to to a small positive trend of 0-2% per decade. At mid-latitudes near 20 km, the ozone loss has still increased whereas in the tropics a recovery is ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Vertical distribution (Aquatic biology)
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Trend analysis
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
KW  - Calibration
N1  - Accession Number: 92997054; Kyrölä, E. 1; Email Address: erkki.kyrola@fmi.fi; Laine, M. 1; Sofieva, V. 1; Tamminen, J. 1; Päivärinta, S.-M. 1; Tukiainen, S. 1; Zawodny, J. 2; Thomason, L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Earth Observation Unit, P.O. Box 503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS-475, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 21, p10645; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Vertical distribution (Aquatic biology); Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Trend analysis; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Subject Term: Calibration; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-10645-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S. Zeng
AU  - Riedi, J.
AU  - Trepte, C. R.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Y.-X. Hu
T1  - Study of cloud droplet number concentration using the A-Train satellites.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 13
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 29035
EP  - 29058
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is an important microphysical property of liquid clouds that impacts radiative forcing, precipitation and it is pivotal for understanding of cloud-aerosols interactions. Current studies of this parameter at global scales with satellite observations are still challenging, especially because retrieval algorithms developed for passive sensors (i.e. MODIS/Aqua) have to rely on the assumption of cloud adiabatic growth. The active sensor component of the A-Train constellation (i.e., CALIOP/CALIPSO) allows retrievals of CDNC from depolarization measurements at 532 nm. For that case, the retrieval does not rely on the adiabatic assumption but instead must use a priori information on effective radius (re), which can be obtained from other passive sensors. In this paper, re values obtained from MODIS/Aqua and POLDER/PARASOL (two passive sensors, conponents of the A-Train) are used to constrain CDNC retrievals from CALIOP. Intercomparison of CDNC products retrieved from MODIS and CALIOP sensors is performed, and the impacts of cloud entrainment, drizzling, horizontal heterogeneity, and effective radius are discussed. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of different retrieval techniques, this study aims to better understand global CDNC distribution, and eventually determine cloud structure and atmospheric conditions in which they develop. The improved understanding of CDNC should help contribute to future studies of global cloud-aerosol-precipitation interaction and parameterization of clouds in global climate models (GCMs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cloud droplets
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Natural satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 93249328; S. Zeng 1,2; Email Address: shan.zeng@hotmail.com; Riedi, J. 3; Trepte, C. R. 2; Winker, D. M. 2; Y.-X. Hu 2; Affiliations: 1: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Laboratoire Optique d'Atmosphérique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 11, p29035; Thesaurus Term: Cloud droplets; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Environmental impact analysis; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Natural satellites; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-13-29035-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93249328&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Cardiovascular Regulation During Body Unweighting by Lower Body Positive Pressure.
AU  - EVANS, JOYCE M.
AU  - MOHNEY, LINDSAY
AU  - SIQI WANG
AU  - MOORE, RACHEL K.
AU  - ELAYI, SAMY-CLAUDE
AU  - STENGER, MICHAEL B.
AU  - MOORE, FRITZ B.
AU  - KNAPP, CHARLES F.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 84
IS  - 11
SP  - 1140
EP  - 1146
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 91746461; Author: EVANS, JOYCE M. email: jevansl@uky.edu. Author: MOHNEY, LINDSAY: 1 Author: SIQI WANG Author: MOORE, RACHEL K.: 2 Author: ELAYI, SAMY-CLAUDE: 3 Author: STENGER, MICHAEL B.: 4 Author: MOORE, FRITZ B.: 5 Author: KNAPP, CHARLES F.: 6 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL: 2 Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA: 3 University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY: 4 Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, TX: 5 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA: 6 Center for Biomedical Engineering, Lexington, KY; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20131101
N2  - Background: We hypothesized that human cardiovascular responses to standing in reduced gravity environments, as on the Moon or Mars, could be modeled using a lower body positive pressure (LBPP) chamber. Methods: Heart rate, blood pressure, body segment fluid shifts, ECG, in-dexes of sympathetic, parasympathetic balance, and baroreflex control of the heart and periphery plus echocardiographic measures of cardiac function were recorded from seven men and seven women supine and standing at 100% (Earth), 40% (-Mars), and 20% (-Moon) bodyweights (BW). Results: The fluid shifted from the chest was greater when standing at 100% BW than at 20% and 40% BW, while fluid pooled in the abdo-men was similar at all BWs. Compared to moving from supine to standing at 100% BW, moving to 20% and 40% BW resulted in smaller decreases in stroke volume and pulse pressure, smaller increases in heart rate and smaller decreases in parasympathetic control of heart rate, baroreflex slope, numbers of blood pressure ramps, and much reduced indexes of sym-pathetic drive to the heart and periphery. However, peripheral vascular resistance, systolic pressure, and baroreflex effectiveness were elevated during 20% and 40% BW, compared to supine and standing at 100% BW. Discussion: Standing at reduced bodyweight suppressed indexes of sympathetic control of heart rate and peripheral vasomotion. Regulatory responses indicated a combination of arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreflex control: mean heart rate, vasomotion, and baroreflex sensitiv-ity appeared to be more under cardiopulmonary control while barore-flex effectiveness appeared to be driven more by the arterial baroreflex. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *CARDIOVASCULAR system
KW  - *BODY weight
KW  - *BLOOD pressure
KW  - *HEART -- Physiology
KW  - *HEART rate monitoring
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - alter-C
KW  - baroreflex
KW  - blood pressure
KW  - body segment impedance
KW  - LBPP
KW  - reduced gravity
KW  - spectral power
KW  - stroke volume
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matsuoka, A.
AU  - Babin, M.
AU  - Doxaran, D.
AU  - Hooker, S. B.
AU  - Mitchell, B. G.
AU  - Bélanger, S.
AU  - Bricaud, A.
T1  - A synthesis of light absorption properties of the Pan-Arctic Ocean: application to semi-analytical estimates of dissolved organic carbon concentrations from space.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 17071
EP  - 17115
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - The light absorption coefficients of particulate and dissolved materials are the main factors determining the light propagation of the visible part of the spectrum and are, thus, important for developing ocean color algorithms. While these absorption properties have recently been documented by a few studies for the Arctic Ocean (e.g., Matsuoka et al., 2007, 2011; Ben Mustapha et al., 2012), the datasets used in the literature were sparse and individually insufficient to draw a general view of the basin-wide spatial and temporal variations in absorption. To achieve such a task, we built a large absorption database at the pan-Arctic scale by pooling the majority of published datasets and merging new datasets. Our results showed that the total non-water absorption coefficients measured in the Eastern Arctic Ocean (EAO; Siberian side) are significantly higher than in theWestern Arctic Ocean (WAO; North American side). This higher absorption is explained by higher concentration of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in watersheds on the Siberian side, which contains a large amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) compared to waters off North America. In contrast, the relationship between the phytoplankton absorption (aφ(λ)) and chlorophyll a (chl a) concentration in the EAO was not significantly different from that in the WAO. Because our semi-analytical CDOM absorption algorithm is based on chl a-specific aφ(λ) values (Matsuoka et al., 2013), this result indirectly suggests that CDOM absorption can be appropriately derived not only for the WAO but also for the EAO using ocean color data. Derived CDOM absorption values were reasonable compared to in situ measurements. By combining this algorithm with empirical DOC vs. CDOM relationships, a semi-analytical algorithm for estimating DOC concentrations for coastal waters at the Pan-Arctic scale is presented and applied to satellite ocean color data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon compounds
KW  - Spatio-temporal variation
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Light propagation
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Arctic Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 93249428; Matsuoka, A. 1,2; Email Address: atsushi.matsuoka@takuvik.ulaval.ca; Babin, M. 1,2; Doxaran, D. 2; Hooker, S. B. 3; Mitchell, B. G. 4; Bélanger, S. 5; Bricaud, A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) -- CNRS (France), Département de Biologie and Québec-Océan, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon 1045, avenue de la Médecine, Local 2078, G1V 0A6, Canada; 2: Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris 6)/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7093, B.P. 08, Port de la Darse, Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, 06230, France; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 616.2, Bldg. 28 Rm. W120D, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 4: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0238, USA; 5: Université du Québec à Rimouski, Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, 300 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec, G5L 3A1, Canada; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 10 Issue 11, p17071; Thesaurus Term: Carbon compounds; Thesaurus Term: Spatio-temporal variation; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject Term: Light propagation; Subject Term: Ocean color; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject: Arctic Ocean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-10-17071-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eddy, Pamela L.1, pamela.eddy@wm.edu
AU  - Barber, James P.1, jpbarber@wm.edu
AU  - Holly, Neal2, nholly@hepc.wvnet.edu
AU  - Brush, Kim3, kimberly.m.brush@nasa.gov
AU  - Bohon, Leslie1, llbohonatkinso@email.wm.edu
AU  - Green, Madeleine F.4
T1  - Internationalizing a Campus: From Colonial to Modern Times.
JO  - Change
JF  - Change
J1  - Change
PY  - 2013/11//Nov/Dec2013
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov/Dec2013
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
CP  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 50
SN  - 00091383
AB  - The article presents information on internationalization on U.S. college campuses such as the College of William and Mary. The article presents information on the American Council on Education (ACE), college leadership, and international activities that faculty participate in. The article also discusses the integration of international and global work in teaching, learning, and research.
KW  - Education & globalization
KW  - Universities & colleges -- Faculty
KW  - Educational leadership -- United States
KW  - College of William & Mary
KW  - American Council on Education
N1  - Accession Number: 92049520; Authors:Eddy, Pamela L. 1 Email Address: pamela.eddy@wm.edu; Barber, James P. 1 Email Address: jpbarber@wm.edu; Holly, Neal 2 Email Address: nholly@hepc.wvnet.edu; Brush, Kim 3 Email Address: kimberly.m.brush@nasa.gov; Bohon, Leslie 1 Email Address: llbohonatkinso@email.wm.edu; Green, Madeleine F. 4; Affiliations:  1: College of William and Mary;  2: West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission;  3: NASA Langley Research Center;  4: NAFSA: The Association of International Educators, and at the Association of International Universities; Subject: Education & globalization; Subject: College of William & Mary; Subject: American Council on Education; Subject: Educational leadership -- United States; Subject: Universities & colleges -- Faculty; Number of Pages: 8p; Record Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00091383.2013.842107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eft
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
T1  - Activation energy asymptotics for methanol droplet extinction in microgravity.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 160
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2638
EP  - 2640
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: An activation energy asymptotic theory for methanol droplet combustion in microgravity is presented by extending earlier models to account for time-dependent water dissolution or evaporation from the liquid droplet. The model predictions for droplet extinction diameter as a function of its initial diameter are shown to compare favorably with experimental results for methanol burning in air. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methanol
KW  - Evaporation (Chemistry)
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Activation energy
KW  - Asymptotic efficiencies (Statistics)
KW  - Drops
KW  - Dissolution (Chemistry)
KW  - Activation energy asymptotics
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Methanol droplet combustion
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 89998363; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 160 Issue 11, p2638; Thesaurus Term: Methanol; Thesaurus Term: Evaporation (Chemistry); Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: Activation energy; Subject Term: Asymptotic efficiencies (Statistics); Subject Term: Drops; Subject Term: Dissolution (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation energy asymptotics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanol droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sorek-Hamer, M.
AU  - Strawa, A.W.
AU  - Chatfield, R.B.
AU  - Esswein, R.
AU  - Cohen, A.
AU  - Broday, D.M.
T1  - Improved retrieval of PM2.5 from satellite data products using non-linear methods.
JO  - Environmental Pollution
JF  - Environmental Pollution
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 182
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
EP  - 423
SN  - 02697491
AB  - Abstract: Satellite observations may improve the areal coverage of particulate matter (PM) air quality data that nowadays is based on surface measurements. Three statistical methods for retrieving daily PM2.5 concentrations from satellite products (MODIS-AOD, OMI-AAI) over the San Joaquin Valley (CA) are compared – Linear Regression (LR), Generalized Additive Models (GAM), and Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS). Simple LRs show poor correlations in the western USA (R 2 ≅ 0.2). Both GAM and MARS were found to perform better than the simple LRs, with a slight advantage to the MARS over the GAM (R 2 = 0.71 and R 2 = 0.61, respectively). Since MARS is also characterized by a better computational efficiency than GAM, it can be used for improving PM2.5 retrievals from satellite aerosol products. Reliable PM2.5 retrievals can fill in missing surface measurements in areas with sparse ground monitoring coverage and be used for evaluating air quality models and as exposure metrics in epidemiological studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Pollution is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Air pollution monitoring
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Nonlinear regression
KW  - Additive functions
KW  - San Joaquin Valley (Calif.)
KW  - GAM
KW  - MARS
KW  - MODIS
KW  - OMI
KW  - PM
N1  - Accession Number: 90433934; Sorek-Hamer, M. 1; Strawa, A.W. 2; Chatfield, R.B. 2; Esswein, R. 3; Cohen, A. 4; Broday, D.M. 1; Email Address: dbroday@tx.technion.ac.il; Affiliations: 1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; 4: Industrial and Management Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 182, p417; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution monitoring; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Nonlinear regression; Subject Term: Additive functions; Subject: San Joaquin Valley (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: GAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: MARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: OMI; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.envpol.2013.08.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wichman, Indrek S.
AU  - Olson, Sandra L.
AU  - Miller, Fletcher J.
AU  - Tanaya, Stefanus A.
T1  - Experimental evaluation of flame and flamelet spread over cellulosic materials using the narrow channel apparatus.
JO  - Fire & Materials
JF  - Fire & Materials
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 519
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 03080501
AB  - ABSTRACT Originally conceived as an apparatus to study near-limit flames and their breakup into flamelets and later modified to function as a microgravity simulation apparatus, the narrow channel apparatus serves also as a facility for examining long time flame spread and material flammability in on-earth (terrestrial) applications. These applications include flame spread in narrow gaps, persistence of flame in heat-loss environments, and flame-to-flamelet front transition. The narrow channel apparatus tests described here measure behavior of the spreading flame and features of the flame-to-flamelet transition. Measured quantities include flow, flame and flamelet velocities in normal and inverted tests, flow deceleration and acceleration rates with associated flame or flamelet response, flame-to-flamelet transition times, and influences of fuel thickness. The principal goal of this research was to ascertain the capacity of the narrow channel apparatus to produce data for phenomena observed in both (1) simulated microgravity flame spread and (2) terrestrial flame spread in narrow gaps and channels. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fire & Materials is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - flamelets
KW  - microgravity
KW  - narrow channel apparatus
KW  - opposed flow flame spread
KW  - thermally thin fuels
KW  - transition phenomena
N1  - Accession Number: 91573019; Wichman, Indrek S. 1; Olson, Sandra L. 2; Miller, Fletcher J. 3; Tanaya, Stefanus A. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University; 2: Spacecraft Fire Safety, NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field REC0, Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch,; 3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University; 4: Stant USA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 37 Issue 7, p503; Author-Supplied Keyword: flamelets; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: narrow channel apparatus; Author-Supplied Keyword: opposed flow flame spread; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermally thin fuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: transition phenomena; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/fam.2143
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Staudinger, Michelle D.
AU  - Carter, Shawn L.
AU  - Cross, Molly S.
AU  - Dubois, Natalie S.
AU  - Duffy, J. Emmett
AU  - Enquist, Carolyn
AU  - Griffis, Roger
AU  - Hellmann, Jessica J.
AU  - Lawler, Joshua J.
AU  - O'Leary, John
AU  - Morrison, Scott A.
AU  - Sneddon, Lesley
AU  - Stein, Bruce A.
AU  - Thompson, Laura M.
AU  - Turner, Woody
T1  - Biodiversity in a changing climate: a synthesis of current and projected trends in the US.
JO  - Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 465
EP  - 473
SN  - 15409295
AB  - This paper provides a synthesis of the recent literature describing how global biodiversity is being affected by climate change and is projected to respond in the future. Current studies reinforce earlier findings of major cli-mate-change-related impacts on biological systems and document new, more subtle after-effects. For example, many species are shifting their distributions and phenologies at faster rates than were recorded just a few years ago; however, responses are not uniform across species. Shifts have been idiosyncratic and in some cases coun-terintuitive, promoting new community compositions and altering biotic interactions. Although genetic diversity enhances species' potential to respond to variable conditions, climate change may outpace intrinsic adaptive capacities and increase the relative vulnerabilities of many organisms. Developing effective adapta-tion strategies for biodiversity conservation will not only require flexible decision-making and management approaches that account for uncertainties in climate projections and ecological responses but will also neces-sitate coordinated monitoring efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biodiversity -- Research
KW  - Climatic changes -- Research
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Environmental education
KW  - United States -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 91839621; Staudinger, Michelle D. 1,2,3; Email Address: mstaudinger@usgs.gov; Carter, Shawn L. 2; Cross, Molly S. 4; Dubois, Natalie S. 5; Duffy, J. Emmett 6; Enquist, Carolyn 7,8; Griffis, Roger 9; Hellmann, Jessica J. 10; Lawler, Joshua J. 11; O'Leary, John 12; Morrison, Scott A. 13; Sneddon, Lesley 14; Stein, Bruce A. 15; Thompson, Laura M. 2; Turner, Woody 16; Affiliations: 1: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO; 2: US Geological Survey National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center, Reston, VA; 3: US Department, Interior Northeast Climate Science Center, Amherst, MA; 4: Wildlife Conservation Society, Bozeman, MT; 5: Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, DC; 6: Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA; 7: USA National Phenology Network, National Coordinating Office, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; 8: Wildlife Society, Bethesda, MD; 9: NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD; 10: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; 11: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 12: Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, Westborough, MA; 13: Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA; 14: Eastern Regional Office, NatureServe, Boston, MA; 15: National Wildlife Federation, Washington, DC; 16: Earth Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, DC; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p465; Thesaurus Term: Biodiversity -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Thesaurus Term: Environmental education; Subject Term: United States -- Environmental conditions; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1890/120272
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grimm, Nancy B.
AU  - Chapin III, F. Stuart
AU  - Bierwagen, Britta
AU  - Gonzalez, Patrick
AU  - Groffman, Peter M.
AU  - Yiqi Luo
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Nadelhoffer, Knute
AU  - Pairis, Amber
AU  - Raymond, Peter A.
AU  - Schimel, Josh
AU  - Williamson, Craig E.
T1  - The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function.
JO  - Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
EP  - 482
SN  - 15409295
AB  - Recent climate-change research largely confirms the impacts on US ecosystems identified in the 2009 National Climate Assessment and provides greater mechanistic understanding and geographic specificity for those impacts. Pervasive climate-change impacts on ecosystems are those that affect productivity of ecosystems or their ability to process chemical elements. Loss of sea ice, rapid warming, and higher organic inputs affect marine and lake productivity, while combined impacts of wildfire and insect outbreaks decrease forest pro-ductivity, mostly in the arid and semi-arid West. Forests in wetter regions are more productive owing to warm-ing. Shifts in species ranges are so extensive that by 2100 they may alter biome composition across 5-20% of US land area. Accelerated losses of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems to receiving waters are caused by both winter warming and intensification of the hydrologie cycle. Ecosystem feedbacks, especially those associated with release of carbon dioxide and methane release from wetlands and thawing permafrost soils, magnify the rate of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes -- Research
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Biotic communities -- Research
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - CLIMATIC factors
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Frozen ground
N1  - Accession Number: 91839622; Grimm, Nancy B. 1; Email Address: nbgrimm@asu.edu; Chapin III, F. Stuart 2; Bierwagen, Britta 3; Gonzalez, Patrick 4; Groffman, Peter M. 5; Yiqi Luo 6; Melton, Forrest 7; Nadelhoffer, Knute 8; Pairis, Amber 9; Raymond, Peter A. 10; Schimel, Josh 11; Williamson, Craig E. 12; Affiliations: 1: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; 2: Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK; 3: Global Change Impacts and Assessment Group, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC; 4: Natural Resource Stewardship and Science, US National Park Service, Washington, DC; 5: Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY; 6: Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology, Moffett Field, CA; 8: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; 9: California Department of Fish and Game, San Diego, CA; 10: School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT; 11: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biobgy, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA; 12: Department of Zoology, Miami University, Oxford, OH; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p474; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Research; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities -- Research; Subject Term: Biodiversity; Subject Term: CLIMATIC factors; Subject Term: Permafrost; Subject Term: Frozen ground; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1890/120282
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91839622&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nelson, Erik J.
AU  - Kareiva, Peter
AU  - Ruckelshaus, Mary
AU  - Arkema, Katie
AU  - Geller, Gary
AU  - Girvetz, Evan
AU  - Goodrich, Dave
AU  - Matzek, Virginia
AU  - Pinsky, Malin
AU  - Reid, Walt
AU  - Saunders, Martin
AU  - Semmens, Darius
AU  - Tallis, Heather
T1  - Climate change's impact on key ecosystem services and the human well-being they support in the US.
JO  - Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment
JF  - Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 483
EP  - 493
SN  - 15409295
AB  - Climate change alters the functions of ecological systems. As a result, the provision of ecosystem services and the well-being of people that rely on these services are being modified. Climate models portend continued warming and more frequent extreme weather events across the US. Such weather-related disturbances will place a premium on the ecosystem services that people rely on. We discuss some of the observed and anticipated impacts of climate change on ecosystem service provision and livelihoods in the US. We also highlight promis-ing adaptive measures. The challenge will be choosing which adaptive strategies to implement, given limited resources and time. We suggest using dynamic balance sheets or accounts of natural capital and natural assets to prioritize and evaluate national and regional adaptation strategies that involve ecosystem services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Frontiers in Ecology & the Environment is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes -- Research
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Biotic communities -- Research
KW  - Climate research
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - CLIMATIC factors
KW  - Ecosystems
N1  - Accession Number: 91839623; Nelson, Erik J. 1; Email Address: enelson2@bowdoin.edu; Kareiva, Peter 2; Ruckelshaus, Mary 3,4; Arkema, Katie 3,4; Geller, Gary 5; Girvetz, Evan 2,4; Goodrich, Dave 6; Matzek, Virginia 7; Pinsky, Malin 8; Reid, Walt 9; Saunders, Martin 7; Semmens, Darius 10; Tallis, Heather 3,11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Economics, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME; 2: Nature Conservancy, Seattle, WA; 3: Natural Capital Project, Department of Biology and the Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford; 4: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ecological Forecasting Program, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA; 6: US Department of Agriculture-ARS, Southwest Watershed Research Center, Tucson, AZ; 7: Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA; 8: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ; 9: David and Lucile Packard Foundation, Los Altos, CA; 10: US Geobgical Survey, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center, Denver, CO; 11: Nature Conservancy, San Francisco, CA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p483; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Research; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Climate research; Subject Term: Biodiversity; Subject Term: CLIMATIC factors; Subject Term: Ecosystems; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1890/120312
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91839623&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Fisher, David
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
AU  - DeWitt, Regina
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Excess ground ice of condensation–diffusion origin in University Valley, Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Evidence from isotope geochemistry and numerical modeling.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 120
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 297
SN  - 00167037
AB  - This study investigates the origin and age of ground ice in the uppermost 1m of permafrost in University Valley, one of the upper valleys in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. In contrast to other regions in the MDV, mean daily air and soil temperatures at the coring sites are always below 0°C, which allows for unique cryogenic processes to occur. In the two cores that were analyzed, excess ground ice was measured throughout, ranging between 23% and 85%. Isotope geochemical trends in the ice-rich permafrost indicate that the ground in Core 5 (65cm long) and the uppermost 52cm of Core 7 originated from condensation–diffusion of water vapor; whereas the ground ice between 57–90cm in Core 7 originated from freezing of liquid water. Using numerical modeling, we show that the excess ground ice of condensation–diffusion origin formed by the long-term thermal contraction–expansion of the cryotic sediments, which allowed for the ice content to exceed pore-filling capacity. Absolute age estimates of the sandy-loam sediments based on Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating indicate that soils have been accreting at the site for at least the last 170±36kayears, and this places an upper limit to the age of the ground ice. Absolute soil ages allowed us to link the change in ground ice origin in Core 7, which took place around 152±12kayears, with shifts in climate conditions since marine isotope stage 5e interglacial period. Our findings offer a new process of ground ice emplacement in sediments in cold–dry environments and allow an alternative explanation regarding the enigmatic origin of excess ground ice identified by Mars Odyssey and Phoenix in the northern martian plain, which is that overfilled pore ice can form by vapor deposition and repeated thermal cycling without the presence of melt water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Isotope geology
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Soil temperature
KW  - Sediments (Geology)
KW  - Age of soils
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
N1  - Accession Number: 90312862; Lacelle, Denis 1; Email Address: dlacelle@uottawa.ca; Davila, Alfonso F. 2; Fisher, David 3; Pollard, Wayne H. 4; DeWitt, Regina 5,6; Heldmann, Jennifer 7; Marinova, Margarita M. 7; McKay, Christopher P. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 2: SETI Institute/Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, Mountain View, CA, USA; 3: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 4: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 5: Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA; 6: Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 120, p280; Thesaurus Term: Isotope geology; Thesaurus Term: Condensation; Thesaurus Term: Soil temperature; Thesaurus Term: Sediments (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Age of soils; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=90312862&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Clark M.
AU  - Ludois, James M.
AU  - Beard, Brian L.
AU  - Beukes, Nicolas J.
AU  - Heimann, Adriana
T1  - Iron formation carbonates: Paleoceanographic proxy or recorder of microbial diagenesis?
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1147
EP  - 1150
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - The chemical and isotopic compositions of carbonates are commonly used as proxies for ancient seawater or paleoenvironments. Iron formation (IF) carbonates have been used as evidence for an anoxic, Fe(II)-rich Archean and Paleoproterozoic ocean and high atmospheric CO2contents. It has been proposed, however, that microbial Fe cycling dominates the chemical and isotopic compositions of IF carbonates, suggesting less direct applicability as an oceanic proxy. Here were use an isotope tracer that is not affected by biological processes or isotopic fractionation, the radiogenic 87Rb-87Sr system, to test the applicability of IF carbonates as a paleoenvironmental proxy. We focus on the 2.5 Ga Campbellrand platform, Transvaal Basin, South Africa, that records a shift from Ca-Mg carbonates to IF carbonates during a marine transgression. When coupled with previously determined Fe, C, and O isotope compositions, it becomes clear that the IF carbonates studied here do not reflect seawater compositions, but instead record extensive microbial Fe cycling in the soft sediment prior to lithification. These results question the use of IF carbonates to infer seawater compositions and paleoenvironmental conditions, including estimates for atmospheric CO2 contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Seawater -- Carbon content
KW  - Carbonates -- Analysis
KW  - Diagenesis
KW  - Anoxic zones
KW  - Seawater
KW  - COMPOSITION
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- History
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Isotopes -- Analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 92530669; Johnson, Clark M. 1; Email Address: clarkj@geology.wisc.edu; Ludois, James M. 1; Beard, Brian L. 1; Beukes, Nicolas J. 2; Heimann, Adriana 3; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, USA; 2: Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; 3: Department of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University, 101 Graham Building, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p1147; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Seawater -- Carbon content; Subject Term: Carbonates -- Analysis; Subject Term: Diagenesis; Subject Term: Anoxic zones; Subject Term: Seawater; Subject Term: COMPOSITION; Subject Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide -- History; Subject Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Subject Term: Isotopes -- Analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G34698.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92530669&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, David P.
AU  - Jacobson, Andrew R.
AU  - Ritts, William D.
AU  - Wang, Weile L.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - A large proportion of North American net ecosystem production is offset by emissions from harvested products, river/stream evasion, and biomass burning.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 19
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3516
EP  - 3528
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Diagnostic carbon cycle models produce estimates of net ecosystem production ( NEP, the balance of net primary production and heterotrophic respiration) by integrating information from (i) satellite-based observations of land surface vegetation characteristics; (ii) distributed meteorological data; and (iii) eddy covariance flux tower observations of net ecosystem exchange ( NEE) (used in model parameterization). However, a full bottom-up accounting of NEE (the vertical carbon flux) that is suitable for integration with atmosphere-based inversion modeling also includes emissions from decomposition/respiration of harvested forest and agricultural products, CO2 evasion from streams and rivers, and biomass burning. Here, we produce a daily time step NEE for North America for the year 2004 that includes NEP as well as the additional emissions. This NEE product was run in the forward mode through the CarbonTracker inversion setup to evaluate its consistency with CO2 concentration observations. The year 2004 was climatologically favorable for NEP over North America and the continental total was estimated at 1730 ± 370 TgC yr−1 (a carbon sink). Harvested product emissions (316 ± 80 TgC yr−1), river/stream evasion (158 ± 50 TgC yr−1), and fire emissions (142 ± 45 TgC yr−1) counteracted a large proportion (35%) of the NEP sink. Geographic areas with strong carbon sinks included Midwest US croplands, and forested regions of the Northeast, Southeast, and Pacific Northwest. The forward mode run with CarbonTracker produced good agreement between observed and simulated wintertime CO2 concentrations aggregated over eight measurement sites around North America, but overestimates of summertime concentrations that suggested an underestimation of summertime carbon uptake. As terrestrial NEP is the dominant offset to fossil fuel emission over North America, a good understanding of its spatial and temporal variation - as well as the fate of the carbon it sequesters ─ is needed for a comprehensive view of the carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Carbon -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Fossil fuels -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Meteorological databases
KW  - North America -- Environmental conditions
KW  - atmospheric inversion model
KW  - biomass burning
KW  - carbon flux
KW  - net ecosystem exchange
KW  - net ecosystem production
KW  - river evasion
N1  - Accession Number: 90674821; Turner, David P. 1; Jacobson, Andrew R. 2; Ritts, William D. 1; Wang, Weile L. 3; Nemani, Ramakrishna 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University; 2: University of Colorado and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory; 3: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p3516; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Carbon -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Fossil fuels -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Meteorological databases; Subject Term: North America -- Environmental conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric inversion model; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomass burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: net ecosystem exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: net ecosystem production; Author-Supplied Keyword: river evasion; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.12313
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=90674821&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clements, J. Sidney
AU  - Thompson, Samuel M.
AU  - Cox, Nathanael D.
AU  - Johansen, Michael R.
AU  - Williams, Blakeley S.
AU  - Hogue, Michael D.
AU  - Lowder, M. Loraine
AU  - Calle, Carlos I.
T1  - Development of an Electrostatic Precipitator to Remove Martian Atmospheric Dust From ISRU Gas Intakes During Planetary Exploration Missions.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2388
EP  - 2396
SN  - 00939994
AB  - Manned exploration missions to Mars will need dependable in situ resource utilization (ISRU) for oxygen production. The Martian atmosphere is composed of 95.3% \CO2, other gases, and 0.13% \O2 at \sim9 mbar (1% of the Earth's pressure). However, it also contains 2–10-\mu\m dust uploaded by dust devils and high winds. Oxygen extraction requires removal of the dust with little pressure drop (\Delta p). An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) has lower \Delta p than a filter, but the low pressure causes an electrical breakdown at electric fields ( \sim\!\!1\ \kV/cm) \sim\!\!30\times lower than on Earth, making implementation challenging. Molecular mean free paths (\lambda = 4\ \mu\m) and ion mobility values (b = 0.008\ \m^2/\V\cdot \s) are \sim\!\!100\times larger than at Earth's pressure (\lambda = 44\ \nm) and (b = 8.4 \times 10^-5). The large \lambda lowers Stokes drag, particularly for smaller particles. Pauthenier field charging dominates for particles with d > 5\ \mu\m and diffusion charging for d < 2\ \mu\m. The low E proportionally decreases both Pauthenier particle charging and the F = qE collection force. This greatly reduces the particle migration velocities (w), e.g., for d = 10\ \mu\m, w = 0.01\ \m/s compared with 0.4 m/s on Earth. However, for small particles (d = 1\ \mu\m), this is compensated by diffusion charging and reduced drag (w = 0.04\ \m/s on Mars, 0.05 m/s on Earth). The Martian atmosphere was simulated with 95% \CO2/5\% humid air at 9 mbar. Paschen curves were measured, and I–V curves (I \sim 5 - 300\ \mu\A for V \sim 1.3 - 2.3\ \kV) were obtained for 5–10-cm-diameter wire/rod-cylinder ESPs. Only positive polarity yielded stable uniform corona. Charging of 0.5–1.3-cm-diameter spheres agreed with the Pauthenier theory. A Martian dust simulant collection efficiency test is in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - CORONA (Electricity)
KW  - CORONA (Surface discharges)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Dust storms
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC precipitation
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - corona discharge
KW  - Earth
KW  - Electric breakdown
KW  - Electrodes
KW  - electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
KW  - Electrostatic precipitators
KW  - Ions
KW  - Mars
KW  - Martian dust
KW  - particle charging
N1  - Accession Number: 92520561; Clements, J. Sidney 1; Thompson, Samuel M. 1; Cox, Nathanael D. 1; Johansen, Michael R. 2; Williams, Blakeley S. 3; Hogue, Michael D. 2; Lowder, M. Loraine 4; Calle, Carlos I. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; 2: Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, USA; 3: University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA; 4: Division of Science, Math, and Health Professions, Atlanta Metropolitan College, Atlanta, GA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p2388; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: CORONA (Electricity); Subject Term: CORONA (Surface discharges); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Dust storms; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: corona discharge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric breakdown; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrostatic precipitation (ESP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic precipitators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martian dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: particle charging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIA.2013.2263782
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=92520561&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patel, Viral K.
AU  - Robinson, Franklin
AU  - Seyed-Yagoobi, Jamal
AU  - Didion, Jeffrey
T1  - Terrestrial and Microgravity Experimental Study of Microscale Heat-Transport Device Driven by Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2397
EP  - 2401
SN  - 00939994
AB  - Research on heat transport in microscale has been generating much interest in the recent years due to the development of state-of-the-art high-powered electronics used in aerospace and terrestrial applications and the large amount of heat produced during their operation. Microscale two-phase-flow heat-transport devices are seen as one solution to this problem of high heat-flux removal. Microscale devices have extremely high heat fluxes due to the small heat-transfer surface area. In addition, the need for robust, nonmechanical, lightweight, low-noise, and low-vibration devices in specialized aerospace applications has led researchers to investigate electrically driven flow devices rather than their mechanical counterparts. This paper, for the first time, presents the results of an experimental study of a unique microscale heat-transport device that is driven by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping. Results from ground-based single-phase experiments with a microscale EHD pump are compared with experiments conducted on board a variable-gravity parabolic flight. Data show that the EHD pump functions well in both environments and can be potentially used in heat-transport devices in the absence of gravity. This is the first step in broader-scale future experimental work that will involve heat transfer, including phase change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID dielectrics
KW  - ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - MICROPUMPS
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - Dielectric liquids
KW  - Electrodes
KW  - electrohydrodynamics (EHDs)
KW  - Fluids
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Heat pumps
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Heating
KW  - microgravity
KW  - micropumps
N1  - Accession Number: 92520562; Patel, Viral K. 1; Robinson, Franklin 2; Seyed-Yagoobi, Jamal 3; Didion, Jeffrey 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, MA, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p2397; Subject Term: LIQUID dielectrics; Subject Term: ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: MICROPUMPS; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectric liquids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrohydrodynamics (EHDs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat pumps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: micropumps; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIA.2013.2264042
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=92520562&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyers, Valerie E.
AU  - García, Hector D.
AU  - McMullin, Tami S.
AU  - Tobin, Joseph M.
AU  - James, John T.
T1  - Safe human exposure limits for airborne linear siloxanes during spaceflight.
JO  - Inhalation Toxicology
JF  - Inhalation Toxicology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 25
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 735
EP  - 746
SN  - 08958378
AB  - Background: Low molecular weight siloxanes are used in industrial processes and consumer products, and their vapors have been detected in the atmospheres of the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. Therefore, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) developed spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs) for siloxane vapors to protect astronaut health. Since publication of these original SMACs, new studies and new risk assessment approaches have been published that warrant re-examination of the SMACs. Objective: To reevaluate SMACs published for octamethyltrisiloxane (L3) for exposures ranging from 1 hour to 180 days, to develop a 1000-day SMAC, and to expand the applicability of those values to the family of linear siloxanes. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify studies conducted since the SMACs for L3 were set in 1994. The updated data were reviewed to determine the sensitive toxicity endpoints, and current risk assessment approaches and methods for dosimetric adjustments were evaluated. Results: Recent data were used to update the original 1-hour, 24-hour, 30-day, and 180-day SMACs for L3, and a 1000-day SMAC was developed to protect crewmembers during future exploration beyond Earth orbit. Group SMACs for the linear siloxane family, including hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), L3, decamethyltetrasiloxane (L4), and dodecamethylpentasiloxane (L5), were set for exposures of 1-hour to 1000 days. Conclusion: New SMACs, based on acute pulmonary and neurotoxicity at high doses only achievable with L2 and potential liver effects following longer-term exposures to L2 and L3, were established to protect crewmembers from the adverse effects of exposure to linear siloxanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Inhalation Toxicology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOXICOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Poisonous gases
KW  - Neurotoxicology
KW  - Siloxanes
KW  - Vapors
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Inhalation
KW  - siloxane
KW  - spaceflight
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 92048375; Meyers, Valerie E. 1; García, Hector D. 2; McMullin, Tami S. 3; Tobin, Joseph M. 3; James, John T. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center Houston, TX USA; 2: Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group Houston, TX USA; 3: Dow Corning Corporation, Health and Environmental Sciences Midland, MI USA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 25 Issue 13, p735; Thesaurus Term: TOXICOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Poisonous gases; Subject Term: Neurotoxicology; Subject Term: Siloxanes; Subject Term: Vapors; Subject Term: Space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inhalation; Author-Supplied Keyword: siloxane; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3109/08958378.2013.845629
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92048375&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reyes, Dasia A.
AU  - Girimaji, Sharath S.
AU  - Pandya, Mohagna J.
AU  - Abdol-Hami, Khaled S.
T1  - Computations of High-Lift Wing Configuration on Unstructured Grids Using k-ω Models.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1682
EP  - 1695
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Turbulent flow computations of the NASA "trap-wing" high-lift configuration are performed at various angles of attack using a k-ω family of models to assess their capabilities for high-lift design and optimization applications. The four k-ω model variants used are: 1) Wilcox's 1988 baseline model; 2) variable-β model consistent with the rapidly strained limit; 3) variable-β model consistent with the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model; and 4) Wilcox's 2006 enhanced model. Subject to the conditions of this test, the variable-β model consistent with the rapidly strained limit not only performs the best but is also numerically more robust and does not require the use of a production-to-dissipation limiter. Overall, our findings indicate that variable-β makes an important difference. In the proximity of stall, a low-Reynolds- number correction to eddy viscosity may be needed to accurately capture experimental behavior. The results provide much needed insight into the models' predictive capabilities and identify areas for future k-ω, model improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT flow -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction -- Research
KW  - REYNOLDS stress -- Research
KW  - REYNOLDS number -- Research
KW  - EDDY viscosity -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 93368415; Source Information: Nov-Dec2013, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1682; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction -- Research; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress -- Research; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number -- Research; Subject Term: EDDY viscosity -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031492
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=93368415&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy E.
AU  - Riley, James T.
T1  - Scaling of Lift Degradation Due to Antiicing Fluids.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1886
EP  - 1895
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In recent years, North American civil airworthiness authorities have conducted research to develop the allowance times for aircraft operations in ice-pellet precipitation. These allowance times are critical to ensure the safety and efficient operation of commercial and cargo flights. Wind-tunnel testing with uncontaminated antiicing fluids and fluids contaminated with simulated ice pellets has been carried out to better understand the flowoff characteristics and resulting aerodynamic effects. The percent lift loss was determined at an 8 deg angle of attack and used as one of the evaluation criteria in determining the allowance times. This paper describes how the lift loss was related to the loss in the maximum lift of a Boeing 737-200ADV airplane through the aerodynamic acceptance test performed for fluids qualification. A loss in the maximum lift coefficient of 5.24 % on the B737-200ADV airplane (which was adopted as the threshold in the aerodynamic acceptance test) corresponds to a lift loss of 7.3% on the test model at an 8 deg angle of attack. A statistical analysis was performed to account for data scatter in the correlation and indicated that the upper limit of lift loss on the test model was 9.2 %. Therefore, for cases resulting in lift loss from 7.3 to 9.2 %, extra scrutiny of the visual observations is required for evaluating fluid performance with contamination and establishing appropriate allowance times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE prevention & control -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - FLUID mechanics -- Research
KW  - BOEING 737 (Jet transport)
N1  - Accession Number: 93368432; Source Information: Nov-Dec2013, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1886; Subject Term: ICE prevention & control -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics -- Research; Subject Term: BOEING 737 (Jet transport); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032259
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=93368432&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zelinski, Shannon J.
T1  - Benefits of Precision Scheduling and Spacing for Arrival Operations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1923
EP  - 1932
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Advances in arrival scheduling and controller aids for spacing have the potential benefits of reducing aircraft delays and increasing airport arrival throughput. Schedulers use fixed arrival paths to estimate aircraft's time-to-fly and assign them arrival slots based on the required separation with a buffer. Concepts that reduce arrival time uncertainty can take advantage of advanced scheduling with smaller spacing buffers. These concepts have been successfully demonstrated with a handful of near- to midterm traffic demand scenarios and technologies using spacing buffers as low as 0.3 n mile. The analysis published here characterizes the observed arrival spacing behavior of 29 runways at 15 airports in eight of the busiest terminal areas across the United States during 32-60 days worth of traffic. The typical observed instrument arrival buffers ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 n mile would equate to roughly a 10-20 % increase in runway arrival capacity if buffers were reduced to 0.3 n mile. The effect of fixed arrival routing on terminal area flight time was also studied. Most runways studied had a significant path stretch delay. This work estimates that 1-2 rain of this delay could be reduced with precision scheduling, and most of the remaining delay could be absorbed by speed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR travel -- Timetables
KW  - AIRCRAFT separation
KW  - AIR traffic control -- Research
KW  - RUNWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - FLIGHT delays & cancellations (Airlines) -- Research
KW  - AIR traffic
N1  - Accession Number: 93368435; Source Information: Nov-Dec2013, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1923; Subject Term: AIR travel -- Timetables; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT separation; Subject Term: AIR traffic control -- Research; Subject Term: RUNWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: FLIGHT delays & cancellations (Airlines) -- Research; Subject Term: AIR traffic; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032352
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=93368435&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
AU  - Dubuisson, Philippe
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Faivre, Michaël
AU  - Chomette, Olivier
AU  - Pascal, Nicolas
AU  - Lucker, Pat
AU  - Murray, Tim
T1  - Retrieval of Cloud Properties Using CALIPSO Imaging Infrared Radiometer. Part II: Effective Diameter and Ice Water Path.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 52
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2582
EP  - 2599
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This paper describes the version-3 level-2 operational analysis of the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) data collected in the framework of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations ( CALIPSO) mission to retrieve cirrus cloud effective diameter and ice water path in synergy with the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) collocated observations. The analysis uses a multisensor split-window technique relying on the concept of microphysical index applied to the two pairs of channels (12.05, 10.6 μm) and (12.05, 8.65 μm) to retrieve cirrus microphysical properties (effective diameter, ice water path) at 1-km pixel resolution. Retrievals are performed for three crystal families selected from precomputed lookup tables identified as representative of the main relationships between the microphysical indices. The uncertainties in the microphysical indices are detailed and quantified, and the impact on the retrievals is simulated. The possible biases have been assessed through consistency checks that are based on effective emissivity difference. It has been shown that particle effective diameters of single-layered cirrus clouds can be retrieved, for the first time, down to effective emissivities close to 0.05 when accurate measured background radiances can be used and up to 0.95 over ocean and land, as well as over low opaque clouds. The retrieval of the ice water path from the IIR effective optical depth and the effective diameter is discussed. Taking advantage of the cloud boundaries retrieved by CALIOP, an IIR power-law relationship between ice water content and extinction is established for four temperature ranges and shown to be consistent with previous results on average for the chosen dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared radiometry
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Cloud microphysics
KW  - Cloud retrieval
KW  - Satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 91899422; Garnier, Anne 1,2,3; Pelon, Jacques 3; Dubuisson, Philippe 4; Yang, Ping 5; Faivre, Michaël 3; Chomette, Olivier 6; Pascal, Nicolas 7; Lucker, Pat 1,2; Murray, Tim 1,2; Affiliations: 1: * Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UPMC-UVSQ-CNRS, Paris, France; 4: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille 1, Lille, France; 5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; 6: ** Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France; 7: Hygeos, Cloud-Aerosol-Water-Radiation Interactions (ICARE), Lille, France; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 52 Issue 11, p2582; Subject Term: Infrared radiometry; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Brightness temperature; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud microphysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0328.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91899422&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cardace, D.
AU  - Hoehler, T.
AU  - McCollom, T.
AU  - Schrenk, M.
AU  - Carnevale, D.
AU  - Kubo, M.
AU  - Twing, K.
T1  - Establishment of the Coast Range ophiolite microbial observatory (CROMO): drilling objectives and preliminary outcomes.
JO  - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
JF  - Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 55
PB  - Integrated Ocean Drilling Program
SN  - 19301022
AB  - This project aimed to establish a subsurface microbial observatory in ultramafic rocks, by drilling into an actively serpentinizing peridotite body, characterizing cored rocks, and outfitting the boreholes for a program of long-term observation and experimentation to resolve the serpentinite-hosted subsurface biosphere. We completed drilling in August 2011, drilling two boreholes with core recovery and possibility for down-hole experimentation, and six smaller-diameter monitoring wells arrayed around the two primary holes, in the Coast Range ophiolite (CRO) locality in the UC-Davis McLaughlin Natural Reserve, Lower Lake, CA. Every effort was made during drilling to keep the cores and wells as free of drilling-induced contamination as possible: clean, purified water was used as drilling fluid, fluorescent microbead tracers were suspended in that water for quantification of drilling fluid penetration into the cores, and high resolution next generation sequencing approaches were used to characterize the microbial populations in the drill fluids and core materials. In December 2011, we completed installation of well pumps (slow flow bladder pumps) in the monitoring wells, and have deployed a set of in situ incubation experiments in the two uncased boreholes. Preliminary findings illustrate natural variability in actively serpentinizing strata, and confirm distinct groundwater flow regimes and microbial ecosystems in (a) shallow, surface-impacted soil water horizons and (b) deeper, ultramafic bedrocksourced formation fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program is the property of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Drilling platforms
KW  - Ultrabasic rocks
KW  - Rocks -- Analysis
KW  - Ophiolites
N1  - Accession Number: 97347313; Cardace, D. 1; Email Address: cardace@uri.edu; Hoehler, T. 2; McCollom, T. 3; Schrenk, M. 4; Carnevale, D. 1; Kubo, M. 2; Twing, K. 4; Affiliations: 1: University of Rhode Island, Department of Geosciences, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI 02881-2019, USA; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: CU Center for Astrobiology & Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Campus Box 600, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0600, USA; 4: East Carolina University, Department of Biology, Howell Science Complex, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 16, p45; Thesaurus Term: Biosphere; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Drilling platforms; Subject Term: Ultrabasic rocks; Subject Term: Rocks -- Analysis; Subject Term: Ophiolites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336611 Ship Building and Repairing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/sd-16-45-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=97347313&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delgado, Luis
AU  - Prats, Xavier
AU  - Sridhar, Banavar
T1  - Cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: A case study for San Francisco International Airport arrivals.
JO  - Transportation Research: Part C
JF  - Transportation Research: Part C
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 83
EP  - 96
SN  - 0968090X
AB  - Highlights: [•] We suggest splitting assigned GDP delays between ground and airborne delay. [•] Airborne delay is achieved by reducing cruise speed without extra fuel consumption. [•] If GDP is cancelled early, significant delay is recovered without extra-fuel. [•] GDPs at San Francisco have been analysed and classified with K-means clustering. [•] Realistic fast-time simulations with accurate performance data have been done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part C is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Energy consumption
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Ocean travel
KW  - Case studies
KW  - K-means clustering
KW  - Airborne delay
KW  - Delay recovery
KW  - Fuel consumption
KW  - Ground delay program
KW  - Speed reduction
KW  - San Francisco International Airport (Calif.)
N1  - Accession Number: 91865500; Delgado, Luis 1; Email Address: luis.delgado@upc.edu; Prats, Xavier 2; Sridhar, Banavar 3; Affiliations: 1: Castelldefels Telecommunication and Aeronautical Engineering School (EETAC), Office C3-120, UPC, Av. Esteve Terradas, 5, Castelldefels 08860, Catalonia, Spain; 2: Castelldefels Telecommunications and Aeronautical Engineering School (EETAC), Office C3-104, UPC, Av. Esteve Terradas, 5, Castelldefels 08860, Catalonia, Spain; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 36, p83; Thesaurus Term: Energy consumption; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Ocean travel; Subject Term: Case studies; Subject Term: K-means clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne delay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delay recovery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel consumption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground delay program; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed reduction ; Company/Entity: San Francisco International Airport (Calif.); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trc.2013.07.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91865500&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Churchill, Andrew M.
AU  - Lovell, David J.
AU  - Mukherjee, Avijit
AU  - Ball, Michael O.
T1  - Determining the Number of Airport Arrival Slots.
JO  - Transportation Science
JF  - Transportation Science
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 526
EP  - 541
SN  - 00411655
AB  - At many congested airports, access rights are governed by a system of slot controls. A slot conveys to its owner the right to schedule an operation (flight arrival or departure). In this paper, stochastic optimization models are developed to determine the numbers of slots to make available over the course of a day, controlling for the long-term uncertainty induced in arrival or departure capacities because of weather conditions. Three related integer programming formulations for this problem are presented, which vary both in their computational properties and the economic trade-offs modeled. The models are compared both analytically and computationally. Experiments using data from New York's LaGaurdia Airport are reported to demonstrate the impact of these models on optimizing slot profiles while considering long-term capacity uncertainty and several policy objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Science is the property of INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRLINE industry
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - INTEGER programming
KW  - TIMETABLES
KW  - AIRPORT slot allocation
KW  - air traffic management
KW  - airport slots
KW  - integer programming
KW  - stochastic programming
KW  - LA Guardia Airport (New York, N.Y.)
N1  - Accession Number: 99552034; Churchill, Andrew M. 1; Email Address: achurchill@mosaicatm.com; Lovell, David J. 2; Email Address: lovell@umd.edu; Mukherjee, Avijit 3; Email Address: avijit@ucsc.edu; Ball, Michael O. 4; Email Address: mball@rhsmith.umd.edu; Affiliations: 1: Mosaic ATM, Inc., Leesburg, Virginia 20175; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; 3: University of California Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; 4: Robert H. Smith School of Business and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Issue Info: Nov2013, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p526; Thesaurus Term: AIRLINE industry; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Thesaurus Term: INTEGER programming; Subject Term: TIMETABLES; Subject Term: AIRPORT slot allocation; Author-Supplied Keyword: air traffic management; Author-Supplied Keyword: airport slots; Author-Supplied Keyword: integer programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic programming ; Company/Entity: LA Guardia Airport (New York, N.Y.); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1287/trsc.1120.0438
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=99552034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arfeuille, F.
AU  - Luo, B. P.
AU  - Heckendorn, P.
AU  - Weisenstein, D.
AU  - Sheng, J. X.
AU  - Rozanov, E.
AU  - Schraner, M.
AU  - Brönnimann, S.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Peter, T.
T1  - Modeling the stratospheric warming following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption: uncertainties in aerosol extinctions.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/11/15/
VL  - 13
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 11221
EP  - 11234
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - In terms of atmospheric impact, the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo (1991) is the best characterized large eruption on record. We investigate here the modelderived stratospheric warming following the Pinatubo eruption as derived from SAGE II extinction data including recent improvements in the processing algorithm. This method, termed SAGE_4λ, makes use of the four wavelengths (385, 452, 525 and 1024 nm) of the SAGE II data when available, and uses a data-filling procedure in the opacity-induced "gap" regions. Using SAGE_4λ, we derived aerosol size distributions that properly reproduce extinction coefficients also at much longer wavelengths. This provides a good basis for calculating the absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation and the resulting stratospheric heating. However, we also show that the use of this data set in a global chemistry-climate model (CCM) still leads to stronger aerosol-induced stratospheric heating than observed, with temperatures partly even higher than the already too high values found by many models in recent general circulation model (GCM) and CCM intercomparisons. This suggests that the overestimation of the stratospheric warming after the Pinatubo eruption may not be ascribed to an insufficient observational database but instead to using outdated data sets, to deficiencies in the implementation of the forcing data, or to radiative or dynamical model artifacts. Conversely, the SAGE_4λ approach reduces the infrared absorption in the tropical tropopause region, resulting in a significantly better agreement with the post-volcanic temperature record at these altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Volcanic eruptions
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines) -- Eruption, 1991
N1  - Accession Number: 92997094; Arfeuille, F. 1,2; Email Address: florian.arfeuille@giub.unibe.ch; Luo, B. P. 1; Heckendorn, P. 1; Weisenstein, D. 3; Sheng, J. X. 1; Rozanov, E. 1,4; Schraner, M. 5; Brönnimann, S. 2; Thomason, L. W. 6; Peter, T. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 2: Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research and Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 3: School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 4: Physical-Meteorological Observatory/World Radiation Center, Davos, Switzerland; 5: Federal office of Meteorology and Climatology, Meteoswiss, Zürich, Switzerland; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 22, p11221; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Volcanic eruptions; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines) -- Eruption, 1991; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-13-11221-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92997094&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Parsons, Howard
AU  - Kimlin, Michael
AU  - Innis, Sheila M.
AU  - Locke, James P.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - A 250 μg/week dose of vitamin D was as effective as a 50 μg/d dose in healthy adults, but a regimen of four weekly followed by monthly doses of 1250 μg raised the risk of hypercalciuria.
JO  - British Journal of Nutrition
JF  - British Journal of Nutrition
Y1  - 2013/11/28/
VL  - 110
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1866
EP  - 1872
SN  - 00071145
AB  - The risk of vitamin D insufficiency is increased in persons having limited sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D. Supplementation compliance might be improved with larger doses taken less often, but this may increase the potential for side effects. The objective of the present study was to determine whether a weekly or weekly/monthly regimen of vitamin D supplementation is as effective as daily supplementation without increasing the risk of side effects. Participants were forty-eight healthy adults who were randomly assigned for 3 months to placebo or one of three supplementation regimens: 50 μg/d (2000 IU/d, analysed dose 70 μg/d), 250 μg/week (10 000 IU/week, analysed dose 331 μg/week) or 1250 μg/week (50 000 IU/week, analysed dose 1544 μg/week) for 4 weeks and then 1250 μg/month for 2 months. Daily and weekly doses were equally effective at increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, which was significantly greater than baseline in all the supplemented groups after 30 d of treatment. Subjects in the 1250 μg treatment group, who had a BMI >26 kg/m2, had a steady increase in urinary Ca in the first 3 weeks of supplementation, and, overall, the relative risk of hypercalciuria was higher in the 1250 μg group than in the placebo group (P= 0·01). Although vitamin D supplementation remains a controversial issue, these data document that supplementing with ≤ 250 μg/week ( ≤ 10 000 IU/week) can improve or maintain vitamin D status in healthy populations without the risk of hypercalciuria, but 24 h urinary Ca excretion should be evaluated in healthy persons receiving vitamin D3 supplementation in weekly single doses of 1250 μg (50 000 IU). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of British Journal of Nutrition is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Calcium
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Alkaline phosphatase
KW  - Analysis of variance
KW  - Aspartate aminotransferase
KW  - Administration of drugs
KW  - Hypercalciurea
KW  - Parathyroid hormone
KW  - Placebos (Medicine)
KW  - Probability theory
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Radiation dosimetry
KW  - Research -- Finance
KW  - Statistics
KW  - T-test (Statistics)
KW  - Vitamin D
KW  - Multiple regression analysis
KW  - Cholecalciferol
KW  - Alanine aminotransferase
KW  - Randomized controlled trials
KW  - Repeated measures design
KW  - Dietary supplements
KW  - Hypercalciuria
KW  - Sunlight
N1  - Accession Number: 91820615; Zwart, Sara R. 1; Parsons, Howard 2; Kimlin, Michael 3; Innis, Sheila M. 2; Locke, James P. 4; Smith, Scott M. 4; Affiliations: 1: Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA; 2: Division of GI/Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 3: Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; 4: Human Health and Performance Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Mail Code SK3, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Issue Info: 11/28/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 10, p1866; Thesaurus Term: Calcium; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Alkaline phosphatase; Subject Term: Analysis of variance; Subject Term: Aspartate aminotransferase; Subject Term: Administration of drugs; Subject Term: Hypercalciurea; Subject Term: Parathyroid hormone; Subject Term: Placebos (Medicine); Subject Term: Probability theory; Subject Term: Questionnaires; Subject Term: Radiation dosimetry; Subject Term: Research -- Finance; Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: T-test (Statistics); Subject Term: Vitamin D; Subject Term: Multiple regression analysis; Subject Term: Cholecalciferol; Subject Term: Alanine aminotransferase; Subject Term: Randomized controlled trials; Subject Term: Repeated measures design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dietary supplements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypercalciuria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sunlight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S000711451300113X
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91820615&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104153537
T1  - A 250 μg/week dose of vitamin D was as effective as a 50 μg/d dose in healthy adults, but a regimen of four weekly followed by monthly doses of 1250 μg raised the risk of hypercalciuria.
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Parsons, Howard
AU  - Kimlin, Michael
AU  - Innis, Sheila M.
AU  - Locke, James P.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
Y1  - 2013/11/28/
N1  - Accession Number: 104153537. Language: English. Entry Date: 20131111. Revision Date: 20150711. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts; randomized controlled trial. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. Special Interest: Nutrition. Instrumentation: Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Grant Information: The present study was funded by the NASA Flight Analogs Project of NASA’s Human Research Program.. NLM UID: 0372547. 
KW  - Hypercalciuria -- Chemically Induced
KW  - Cholecalciferol -- Administration and Dosage
KW  - Ultraviolet Rays
KW  - Drug Administration Schedule
KW  - Vitamin D -- Urine
KW  - Vitamin D -- Blood
KW  - Dosimetry
KW  - Calcium -- Blood
KW  - Alanine Aminotransferase -- Blood
KW  - Aspartate Aminotransferase -- Blood
KW  - Parathyroid Hormones -- Blood
KW  - Alkaline Phosphatase -- Blood
KW  - Calcium -- Urine
KW  - Randomized Controlled Trials
KW  - Two-Way Analysis of Variance
KW  - Repeated Measures
KW  - Post Hoc Analysis
KW  - T-Tests
KW  - Multiple Linear Regression
KW  - P-Value
KW  - Placebos
KW  - Clinical Assessment Tools
KW  - Questionnaires
KW  - Adult
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Human
KW  - Funding Source
SP  - 1866
EP  - 1872
JO  - British Journal of Nutrition
JF  - British Journal of Nutrition
JA  - BR J NUTR
VL  - 110
IS  - 10
PB  - Cambridge University Press
SN  - 0007-1145
AD  - Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA
AD  - Division of GI/Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
AD  - Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
AD  - Human Health and Performance Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Mail Code SK3, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA
DO  - 10.1017/S000711451300113X
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104153537&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popova, Olga P.
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav
AU  - Kartashova, Anna
AU  - Biryukov, Eugeny
AU  - Khaibrakhmanov, Sergey
AU  - Shuvalov, Valery
AU  - Rybnov, Yurij
AU  - Dudorov, Alexandr
AU  - Grokhovsky, Victor I.
AU  - Badyukov, Dmitry D.
AU  - Qing-Zhu Yin
AU  - Gural, Peter S.
AU  - Albers, Jim
AU  - Granvik, Mikael
AU  - Evers, Läslo G.
AU  - Kuiper, Jacob
AU  - Kharlamov, Vladimir
AU  - Solovyov, Andrey
AU  - Rusakov, Yuri S.
T1  - Chelyabinsk Airburst, Damage Assessment, Meteorite Recovery, and Characterization.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/11/29/
VL  - 342
IS  - 6162
M3  - Article
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1073
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The asteroid impact near the Russian city of Chelyabinsk on 15 February 2013 was the largest airburst on Earth since the 1908 Tunguska event, causing a natural disaster in an area with a population exceeding one million. Because it occurred in an era with modern consumer electronics, field sensors, and laboratory techniques, unprecedented measurements were made of the impact event and the meteoroid that caused it. Here, we document the account of what happened, as understood now, using comprehensive data obtained from astronomy, planetary science, geophysics, meteorology, meteoritics, and cosmochemistry and from social science surveys. A good understanding of the Chelyabinsk incident provides an opportunity to calibrate the event, with implications for the study of near-Earth objects and developing hazard mitigation strategies for planetary protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chelyabinsk meteorite
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Natural disasters
KW  - Cosmochemistry
KW  - Tunguska meteorite
KW  - Chelyabinsk (Russia)
KW  - Russia
N1  - Accession Number: 92711957; Popova, Olga P. 1; Jenniskens, Peter 2,3; Email Address: petrus.m.jenniskens@nasa.gov; Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav 4; Kartashova, Anna 4; Biryukov, Eugeny 5; Khaibrakhmanov, Sergey 6; Shuvalov, Valery 1; Rybnov, Yurij 1; Dudorov, Alexandr 6; Grokhovsky, Victor I. 7; Badyukov, Dmitry D. 8; Qing-Zhu Yin 9; Gural, Peter S. 2; Albers, Jim 2; Granvik, Mikael 10; Evers, Läslo G. 11,12; Kuiper, Jacob 11; Kharlamov, Vladimir 1; Solovyov, Andrey 13; Rusakov, Yuri S. 14; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 38, Building 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia; 2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mail Stop 245-1, CA 94035, USA; 4: Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyatnitskaya 48, Moscow, 119017, Russia; 5: Department of Theoretical Mechanics, South Ural State University, Lenin Avenue 76, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia; 6: Chelyabinsk State University, Bratyev Kashirinyh Street 129, Chelyabinsk, 454001, Russia; 7: Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia; 8: Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the RAS, Kosygina Street 19, Moscow, 119991, Russia; 9: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 10: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.; 11: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, P.O. Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands; 12: Department of Geoscience and Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands; 13: Tomsk State University Lenina Prospect 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; 14: Research and Production Association "Typhoon," Floor 2, 7 Engels Street, Obninsk, 249032, Russia; Issue Info: 11/29/2013, Vol. 342 Issue 6162, p1069; Thesaurus Term: Chelyabinsk meteorite; Thesaurus Term: Geophysics; Thesaurus Term: Natural disasters; Subject Term: Cosmochemistry; Subject Term: Tunguska meteorite; Subject: Chelyabinsk (Russia); Subject: Russia; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1242642
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92711957&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baker, Kirk R.
AU  - Misenis, Chris
AU  - Obland, Michael D.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Scarino, Amy J.
AU  - Kelly, James T.
T1  - Evaluation of surface and upper air fine scale WRF meteorological modeling of the May and June 2010 CalNex period in California.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 80
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 309
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Prognostic meteorological models such as Mesoscale Model (MM5) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) are often used to supply inputs for retrospective air quality modeling done to support ozone and PM2.5 emission control demonstrations. In this study, multiple configurations of the WRF model are applied at 4 km grid resolution and compared to routine meteorological measurements and special study measurements taken in California during May–June 2010. One configuration is routinely used by US EPA to generate meteorological inputs for regulatory air quality modeling and another that is used by research scientists for evaluating meteorology and air quality. Mixing layer heights estimated from airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measurements of aerosol backscatter are compared with WRF modeled planetary boundary layer (PBL) height estimates. Both WRF configurations generally capture the variability in HSRL mixing height between days, hour-to-hour, and between surface features such as terrain and land–water interfaces. Fractional bias over all flights and both model configurations range from −38% to 32% and fractional error ranges from 22% to 58%. Surface and upper level measurements of temperature, water mixing ratio, and winds are generally well characterized by both WRF model configurations, often more closely matching surface observations than the input analysis data (12-NAM). The WRF model generally captures orographic and mesoscale meteorological features in the central Valley (bifurcation of wind flow from the San Francisco bay into the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys) and Los Angeles air basin (ocean-land flows) during this summer period. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - California
KW  - CalNex
KW  - HSRL
KW  - San Joaquin
KW  - South Coast
KW  - WRF
N1  - Accession Number: 90637516; Baker, Kirk R. 1; Email Address: baker.kirk@epa.gov; Misenis, Chris 1; Obland, Michael D. 2; Ferrare, Richard A. 2; Scarino, Amy J. 2,3; Kelly, James T. 1; Affiliations: 1: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 80, p299; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: CalNex; Author-Supplied Keyword: HSRL; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Coast; Author-Supplied Keyword: WRF; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
T1  - Alaska ecosystem carbon fluxes estimated from MODIS satellite data inputs from 2000 to 2010.
JO  - Carbon Balance & Management
JF  - Carbon Balance & Management
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 17500680
AB  - Background Trends in Alaska ecosystem carbon fluxes were predicted from inputs of monthly MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation index time-series combined with the NASA-CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) carbon cycle simulation model over the past decade. CASA simulates monthly net ecosystem production (NEP) as the difference in carbon fluxes between net primary production (NPP) and soil microbial respiration (Rh). Results Model results showed that NEP on a unit area basis was estimated to be highest (> +10 g C m-2 yr-1) on average over the period 2000 to 2010 within the Major Land Resource Areas (MRLAs) of the Interior Brooks Range Mountains, the Arctic Foothills, and the Western Brooks Range Mountains. The lowest (as negative land C source fluxes) mean NEP fluxes were predicted for the MLRAs of the Cook Inlet Lowlands, the Ahklun Mountains, and Bristol Bay-Northern Alaska Peninsula Lowlands. High levels of interannual variation in NEP were predicted for most MLRAs of Alaska. Conclusions The relatively warm and wet years of 2004 and 2007 resulted in the highest positive NEP flux totals across MLRAs in the northern and western coastal locations in the state (i.e., the Brooks Range Mountains and Arctic Foothills). The relatively cold and dry years of 2001 and 2006 were predicted with the lowest (negative) NEP flux totals for these MLRAs, and likewise across the Ahklun Mountains and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Highlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon Balance & Management is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Energy metabolism
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Alaska
KW  - MODIS EVI
KW  - Net carbon flux
N1  - Accession Number: 92894593; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Klooster, Steven 1,2; Email Address: steven.klooster@nasa.gov; Genovese, Vanessa 1,2; Email Address: vanessa.genovese-1@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2 : California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA;  Source Info: 2013, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemical cycles; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: Energy metabolism; Subject Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Alaska; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS EVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net carbon flux; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1750-0680-8-12
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=8gh&AN=92894593&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Ten years of land cover change on the California coast detected using landsat satellite image analysis: part 1—Marin and San Francisco counties.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 697
EP  - 707
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14000350
AB  - Landsat satellite imagery was analyzed to generate a detailed record of 10 years of vegetation disturbance and regrowth for Pacific coastal areas of Marin and San Francisco Counties. The Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) methodology, a transformation of Tasseled-Cap data space, was applied to detected changes in perennial coastal shrubland, woodland, and forest cover from 1999 to 2009. Results showed several principal points of interest, within which extensive contiguous areas of similar LEDAPS vegetation change (either disturbed or restored) were detected. Regrowth areas were delineated as burned forest areas in the Point Reyes National Seashore (PRNS) from the 1995 Vision Fire. LEDAPS-detected disturbance patterns on Inverness Ridge, PRNS in areas observed with dieback of tanoak and bay laurel trees was consistent with defoliation by sudden oak death ( Phytophthora ramorum). LEDAPS regrowth pixels were detected over much of the predominantly grassland/herbaceous cover of the Olema Valley ranchland near PRNS. Extensive restoration of perennial vegetation cover on Crissy Field, Baker Beach and Lobos Creek dunes in San Francisco was identified. Based on these examples, the LEDAPS methodology will be capable of fulfilling much of the need for continual, low-cost monitoring of emerging changes to coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Defoliation
KW  - Coasts -- California
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Image analysis
KW  - Pixels
KW  - San Francisco (Calif.)
KW  - Coastal vegetation
KW  - Disturbance
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Regrowth
KW  - Restoration
N1  - Accession Number: 92563153; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p697; Thesaurus Term: Land cover; Thesaurus Term: Defoliation; Subject Term: Coasts -- California; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Image analysis; Subject Term: Pixels; Subject: San Francisco (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regrowth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restoration; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-013-0255-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Ten years of land cover change on the California coast detected using Landsat satellite image analysis: Part 2—San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 718
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14000350
AB  - Landsat satellite imagery was analyzed to generate a detailed record of 10 years of vegetation disturbance and regrowth for Pacific coastal areas of San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties. The Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) methodology, a transformation of Tasseled-Cap data space, was applied to detected changes in perennial coastal shrubland, woodland, and forest cover from 1999 to 2009. Results showed several principal points of interest, within which extensive contiguous areas of similar LEDAPS vegetation change (either disturbed or restored) were detected. Regrowth of evergreen shrub and tree cover was prevalent along the several long stretches of the coast highway (CA Route 1) between the cities of Half Moon Bay and Santa Cruz. A number of state parks areas showed measurable vegetation restoration as well. The most prominent loss of perennial coastal vegetation over decade was in the Pescadero Marsh area, where the continued presence of levees has historically reduced flood conveyance capacity into and through the marshlands. Based on these examples, the LEDAPS methodology was determined to be capable of fulfilling much of the need for continual, low-cost monitoring of emerging changes to coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Marshes
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Coasts -- California
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Santa Cruz (Calif.)
KW  - Coastal vegetation
KW  - Disturbance
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Regrowth
KW  - Restoration
N1  - Accession Number: 92563156; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p709; Thesaurus Term: Land cover; Thesaurus Term: Marshes; Thesaurus Term: Plant growth; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Subject Term: Coasts -- California; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject: Santa Cruz (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regrowth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restoration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-013-0270-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92563156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Ten years of land cover change on the California coast detected using Landsat satellite image analysis: Part 2—San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 718
SN  - 14000350
AB  - Landsat satellite imagery was analyzed to generate a detailed record of 10 years of vegetation disturbance and regrowth for Pacific coastal areas of San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties. The Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) methodology, a transformation of Tasseled-Cap data space, was applied to detected changes in perennial coastal shrubland, woodland, and forest cover from 1999 to 2009. Results showed several principal points of interest, within which extensive contiguous areas of similar LEDAPS vegetation change (either disturbed or restored) were detected. Regrowth of evergreen shrub and tree cover was prevalent along the several long stretches of the coast highway (CA Route 1) between the cities of Half Moon Bay and Santa Cruz. A number of state parks areas showed measurable vegetation restoration as well. The most prominent loss of perennial coastal vegetation over decade was in the Pescadero Marsh area, where the continued presence of levees has historically reduced flood conveyance capacity into and through the marshlands. Based on these examples, the LEDAPS methodology was determined to be capable of fulfilling much of the need for continual, low-cost monitoring of emerging changes to coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Marshes
KW  - Environmental monitoring
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Coasts -- California
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Santa Cruz (Calif.)
KW  - Coastal vegetation
KW  - Disturbance
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Regrowth
KW  - Restoration
N1  - Accession Number: 92563156; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21, Moffett Field, CA, USA;  Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p709; Thesaurus Term: Marshes; Thesaurus Term: Environmental monitoring; Subject Term: Land cover; Subject Term: Coasts -- California; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Plant growth; Subject: Santa Cruz (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regrowth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restoration; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-013-0270-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=8gh&AN=92563156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - 8gh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strawa, A.W.
AU  - Chatfield, R.B.
AU  - Legg, M.
AU  - Scarnato, B.
AU  - Esswein, R.
T1  - Improving retrievals of regional fine particulate matter concentrations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) multisatellite observations.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 63
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1434
EP  - 1446
SN  - 10962247
AB  - A combination of multiplatform satellite observations and statistical data analysis are used to improve the correlation between estimates of PM2.5(particulate mass with aerodynamic diameter less that 2.5 µm) retrieved from satellite observations and ground-level measured PM2.5. Accurate measurements of PM2.5can be used to assess the impact of air pollution levels on human health and the environment and to validate air pollution models. The area under study is California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) that has a history of poor particulate air quality. Attempts to use simple linear regressions to estimate PM2.5from satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) have not yielded good results. The period of study for this project was from October 2004 to July 2008 for six sites in the SJV. A simple linear regression between surface-measured PM2.5and satellite-observed AOD (from MODIS [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]) yields a correlation coefficient of about 0.17 in this region. The correlation coefficient between the measured PM2.5and that retrieved combining satellite observations in a generalized additive model (GAM) resulted in an improved correlation coefficient of 0.77. The model used combinations of MODIS AOD, OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) AOD, NO2concentration, and a seasonal variable as parameters. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the PM2.5retrieved using the GAM captures many of the PM2.5exceedances that were not seen in the simple linear regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 93632329; Strawa, A.W. 1; Email Address: Anthony.W.Strawa@nasa.gov; Chatfield, R.B. 1; Legg, M. 2; Scarnato, B. 2; Esswein, R. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 63 Issue 12, p1434; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Aerodynamics; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10962247.2013.822838
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93632329&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Posner, A.
AU  - Odstrĉil, D.
AU  - MacNeice, P.
AU  - Rastaetter, L.
AU  - Zeitlin, C.
AU  - Heber, B.
AU  - Elliott, H.
AU  - Frahm, R.A.
AU  - Hayes, J.J.E.
AU  - von Rosenvinge, T.T.
AU  - Christian, E.R.
AU  - Andrews, J.P.
AU  - Beaujean, R.
AU  - Böttcher, S.
AU  - Brinza, D.E.
AU  - Bullock, M.A.
AU  - Burmeister, S.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Ehresmann, B.
AU  - Epperly, M.
T1  - The Hohmann–Parker effect measured by the Mars Science Laboratory on the transfer from Earth to Mars: Consequences and opportunities.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 89
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 139
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We show that a spacecraft launched from Earth towards Mars following a Hohmann minimum energy transfer trajectory has a strong tendency to remain well-connected magnetically to Earth, in the early phase of the transfer, or to Mars in the late phase, via the Parker spiral magnetic field. On the return trip, the spacecraft would remain reasonably well-connected magnetically first to Mars and later to Earth. Moreover, good magnetic connectivity occurs on all Hohmann transfers between neighboring planets in the inner solar system out to Mars. We call this hitherto unnamed circumstance the Hohmann–Parker effect. We show consequences of the effect by means of simultaneous cosmic radiation proxy observations made near Earth, near Mars, and at the Mars Science Laboratory on the transfer from Earth to Mars in 2011/2012. We support the observations with simulations of the large-scale magnetic field of the inner heliosphere during this period and compare the results with our predictions. The implications of the Hohmann–Parker effect are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Magnetism
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Astronomical observations
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Energy transfer
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Hohmann transit
KW  - Inner heliosphere
KW  - Magnetic connection
KW  - Parker field
KW  - Solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 92731442; Posner, A. 1; Email Address: arik.posner@nasa.gov; Odstrĉil, D. 2,3; Email Address: dodstrcl@gmu.edu; MacNeice, P. 2; Email Address: peter.j.macneice@nasa.gov; Rastaetter, L. 2; Email Address: lutz.rastaetter@nasa.gov; Zeitlin, C. 4; Email Address: zeitlin@boulder.swri.edu; Heber, B. 5; Email Address: heber@physik.uni-kiel.de; Elliott, H. 6; Email Address: helliott@swri.edu; Frahm, R.A. 6; Email Address: rfrahm@swri.edu; Hayes, J.J.E. 1; Email Address: jhayes@nasa.gov; von Rosenvinge, T.T. 2; Email Address: tycho.t.vonrosenvinge@nasa.gov; Christian, E.R. 2; Email Address: eric.r.christian@nasa.gov; Andrews, J.P. 4; Email Address: andrews@boulder.swri.edu; Beaujean, R. 5; Email Address: rudolf@rbeau.de; Böttcher, S. 5; Email Address: boettcher@physik.uni-kiel.de; Brinza, D.E. 7; Email Address: david.e.brinza@jpl.nasa.gov; Bullock, M.A. 4; Email Address: bullock@boulder.swri.edu; Burmeister, S. 5; Email Address: burmeister@physik.uni-kiel.de; Cucinotta, F.A. 8; Email Address: francis.cucinotta@unlv.edu; Ehresmann, B. 4; Email Address: ehresmann@boulder.swri.edu; Epperly, M. 6; Email Address: mepperly@swri.edu; Affiliations: 1: NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, 300 E Street SW, Washington DC 20548, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 674, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: George Mason University, School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, 364 Research Hall, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA; 4: Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 5: Christian Albrechts Universität Kiel, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Leibnizstr. 11, 24118 Kiel, Germany; 6: Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA; 7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91011, USA; 8: University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Health Physics Department, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 89, p127; Thesaurus Term: Magnetism; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Astronomical observations; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Subject Term: Energy transfer; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hohmann transit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inner heliosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic connection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parker field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.09.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92731442&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sadovsky, Alexander V.
AU  - Davis, Damek
AU  - Isaacson, Douglas R.
T1  - Separation-compliant, optimal routing and control of scheduled arrivals in a terminal airspace.
JO  - Transportation Research: Part C
JF  - Transportation Research: Part C
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 37
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 176
SN  - 0968090X
AB  - Highlights: [•] We model aircraft in an airspace route network, subject to separation constraints. [•] The problem arose in air traffic management, but the model is more general. [•] Each agent must, from its origin, arrive at its destination at a required time. [•] The model is multi-phase optimal control; a phase ends when an aircraft arrives. [•] Recast as one-phase classical optimal control, easier to solve and apply theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part C is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Aircraft separation
KW  - Traffic engineering
KW  - Model airplanes
KW  - Airways (Aeronautics)
KW  - Transportation -- Management
KW  - Optimal control theory
KW  - Transportation -- Timetables
KW  - Motion planning
KW  - Multi-agent coordination
KW  - Multigraph
KW  - Optimal control
KW  - Roadmap
KW  - Route network
N1  - Accession Number: 92651807; Sadovsky, Alexander V. 1; Email Address: alexander.v.sadovsky@nasa.gov; Davis, Damek 2; Isaacson, Douglas R. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, United States; 2: UCLA, Department of Mathematics, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1555, United States; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 37, p157; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Aircraft separation; Subject Term: Traffic engineering; Subject Term: Model airplanes; Subject Term: Airways (Aeronautics); Subject Term: Transportation -- Management; Subject Term: Optimal control theory; Subject Term: Transportation -- Timetables; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motion planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-agent coordination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multigraph; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Roadmap; Author-Supplied Keyword: Route network; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339930 Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trc.2013.09.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92651807&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kojima, Jun J.
AU  - Fischer, David G.
T1  - Multiscalar Analyses of High-Pressure Swirl-Stabilized Combustion via Single-Shot Dual-SBG Raman Spectroscopy.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/12/02/
VL  - 185
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1735
EP  - 1761
SN  - 00102202
AB  - We report an experimental study and thermochemical analysis of high-pressure swirl-stabilized combustion utilizing subframe burst gating (SBG) Raman spectroscopy. SBG Raman spectroscopy is a novel diagnostic technique that provides increased accuracy of quantitative scalar measurements in a single-shot pointwise manner. A recent modification of our original system allows parallel detection of both Stokes and anti-Stokes spectral components (hence the termdual SBG). We begin by briefly describing the experimental construction of a Raman calibration matrix, which allows us to reduce spectral cross-talk in the measurements. Next we describe the application of dual-SBG Raman spectroscopy to simultaneous single-shot measurement of temperature and species mass fractions in a turbulent flame stabilized over a lean-direct-injection (LDI) burner using gaseous methane fuel at elevated pressure of 17 atm. Our discussion includes the practical challenges of Raman spectroscopy in a pressurized combustion rig. Statistical analyses of the single-shot thermochemical data provide insights into the nature of the partial-premixing process and its impact on the subsequent combustion process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Combustion
KW  - High pressure (Technology)
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - Thermochemistry
KW  - Gating system (Founding)
KW  - Turbulent flow
KW  - Quantitative research
KW  - Combustion diagnostics
KW  - High-pressure combustion
KW  - Scalar analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 91809556; Kojima, Jun J. 1; Email Address: Jun.J.Kojima@nasa.gov; Fischer, David G. 2; Affiliations: 1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 185 Issue 12, p1735; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: High pressure (Technology); Subject Term: Raman spectroscopy; Subject Term: Thermochemistry; Subject Term: Gating system (Founding); Subject Term: Turbulent flow; Subject Term: Quantitative research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-pressure combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scalar analysis; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102202.2013.832231
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=91809556&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crumeyrolle, S.
AU  - Weigel, R.
AU  - Sellegri, K.
AU  - Roberts, G.
AU  - Gomes, L.
AU  - Stohl, A.
AU  - Laj, P.
AU  - Momboisse, G.
AU  - Bourianne, T.
AU  - Puygrenier, V.
AU  - Burnet, F.
AU  - Chosson, F.
AU  - Brenguier, J.L.
AU  - Etcheberry, J.M.
AU  - Villani, P.
AU  - Pichon, J.M.
AU  - Schwarzenboeck, A.
T1  - Airborne investigation of the aerosols–cloud interactions in the vicinity and within a marine stratocumulus over the North Sea during EUCAARI (2008).
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2013/12/15/
VL  - 81
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 303
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Within the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project, the Meteo France research aircraft ATR-42 was operated from Rotterdam (Netherlands) airport during May 2008, to perform scientific flights dedicated to the investigation of aerosol&#x2013;cloud interactions. The objective of this study is to illustrate the impact of cloud processing on the aerosol particle physical and chemical properties. The presented results are retrieved from measurements during flight operation with two consecutive flights, first from Rotterdam to Newcastle (United Kingdom) and subsequently reverse along the same waypoints back to Rotterdam using data measured with compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Cloud-related measurements during these flights were performed over the North Sea within as well as in close vicinity of a marine stratocumulus cloud layer. Particle physical and chemical properties observed in the close vicinity, below and above the stratocumulus cloud, show strong differences: (1) the averaged aerosol size distributions, observed above and below the cloud layer, are of bimodal character with pronounced minima between Aitken and accumulation mode, very likely due to cloud processing. (2) the chemical composition of aerosol particles is strongly dependent on the position relative to the cloud layer (vicinity or below/above cloud). In general, the nitrate and organic relative mass fractions decrease with decreasing distance to the cloud, in the transit from cloud&#x2013;free conditions towards the cloud boundaries. This relative mass fraction decrease ranges from a factor of three to ten, thus leading to an increase of the sulfate and ammonium relative mass concentrations while approaching the cloud layer. (3), the chemical composition of cloud droplet residuals, analyzed downstream of a Counterflow virtual Impactor (CVI) inlet indicates increased fractions of mainly soluble chemical compounds such as nitrate and organics, compared to non cloud processed particles. Finally, a net overbalance of nitrate aerosol has been revealed by comparing cloud droplet residual and non cloud processed aerosol chemical compositions. Conclusively, this study highlights gaps concerning the sampling strategy that need to be addressed for the future missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Air quality -- Research
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Nitrates
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Particles
KW  - Activation
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - CCN
KW  - In-situ measurements
KW  - Stratocumulus
N1  - Accession Number: 92037538; Crumeyrolle, S. 1,2; Email Address: suzanne.crumeyrolle@gmail.com; Weigel, R. 1,3; Sellegri, K. 1; Roberts, G. 4; Gomes, L. 4; Stohl, A. 5; Laj, P. 1,6; Momboisse, G. 4; Bourianne, T. 4; Puygrenier, V. 4,7; Burnet, F. 4; Chosson, F. 8; Brenguier, J.L. 4; Etcheberry, J.M. 4; Villani, P. 1; Pichon, J.M. 1; Schwarzenboeck, A. 1; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR6016, Aubière cedex, France; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 3: Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany; 4: Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, URA 1357, Météo-France, Toulouse, France; 5: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; 6: Departement of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; 7: Laboratoire des Science du Climat et de l'Environnement, CNRS, France; 8: Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, UMR 5183, Université de Grenoble 1/CNRS, Grenoble, France; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 81, p288; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Air quality -- Research; Subject Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Nitrates; Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: CCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-situ measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratocumulus; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92037538&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omelon, Christopher R.
AU  - Brady, Allyson L.
AU  - Slater, Greg F.
AU  - Laval, Bernard
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.S.
AU  - Southam, Gordon
T1  - Microstructure variability in freshwater microbialites, Pavilion Lake, Canada.
JO  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
JF  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Y1  - 2013/12/15/
VL  - 392
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 70
SN  - 00310182
AB  - Abstract: Calcite microbialites in Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, exhibit a diverse range in macro-morphology, biomass abundance, porosity, and mineral content. To evaluate the role of microorganisms in their formation, samples collected from a range of depths were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectroscopy to characterize both their outer surfaces as well as internal structures. Observed trends in both surface colonization as well as microbialite framework with increasing lake depth include decreasing microbial abundance on outer surfaces as well as increasing ratios of carbonate:biomass in the microbialites. Microscopic investigations of the interiors show bacteria and algae entrapped within calcite, with this calcite exhibiting micropores and casts similar in size and shape to microorganisms. Based on these observations, it is hypothesized that microbialite development in Pavilion Lake initiates calcite precipitation in phototrophic microbial mats, i.e., combined phototrophy and heterotrophy, followed by heterotrophic oxidation of organic matter leading to eventual carbonate infilling of the microbial–mineral matrix. In addition, an observed shift from cyanobacteria to algae with increasing lake depth suggests variability in contemporary conditions controlling microbialite growth and diagenesis. High photosynthetic growth rates at shallower depths result in significant porosity and friability due to biomass accumulation outpacing carbonate precipitation. At intermediate depths, lower light levels and slower growth rates of phototrophs lead to a greater proportion of the microbialite matrix being in-filled by carbonate. Carbonates precipitate initially within the bacteria-EPS matrix, with abundant uncalcified algae maintaining microbialite porosity. In the deepest waters, the presence of only sparse algal colonization as well as fine-grained, laminated metal-rich sediments covering microbialites suggests that present-day insolation levels are too low to support the development of photosynthetic microbial mats. As a consequence, heterotrophic carbonate precipitation has progressively in-filled these microbialite interiors to create lithified calcite fabrics that exhibit minimal porosity but preserve the casts of microorganisms as biosignatures. While the origin of microbialites in Pavilion Lake remains unknown, current observations provide valuable information in evaluating how environmental conditions influence microbialite growth in a freshwater, lacustrine environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Freshwater ecology
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Lakes -- Canada
KW  - Calcite
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy
KW  - Synchrotron radiation
KW  - British Columbia
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Biosignature
KW  - Carbonate precipitation
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Freshwater microbialite
KW  - Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 92733594; Omelon, Christopher R. 1; Email Address: omelon@jsg.utexas.edu; Brady, Allyson L. 2; Slater, Greg F. 2; Laval, Bernard 3; Lim, Darlene S.S. 4; Southam, Gordon 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada; 2: School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, General Science Building Room 206, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; 3: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Civil and Mechanical Engineering Building, 2002-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 245-3, Bldg N245, Room 283, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Dec2013, Vol. 392, p62; Thesaurus Term: Freshwater ecology; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Subject Term: Microstructure; Subject Term: Lakes -- Canada; Subject Term: Calcite; Subject Term: Scanning electron microscopy; Subject Term: Synchrotron radiation; Subject: British Columbia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosignature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbonate precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Freshwater microbialite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92733594&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Timko, M. T.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
AU  - Bulzan, D.
AU  - Corporan, E.
AU  - Herndon, S. C.
AU  - Howard, R.
AU  - Miake-Lye, R.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Winstead, E.
AU  - Wey, C.
AU  - Z. Yu
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
T1  - Reductions in aircraft particulate emissions due to the use of Fischer-Tropsch fuels.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 23
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The use of alternative fuels for aviation is likely to increase due to concerns over fuel security, price stability, and the sustainability of fuel sources. Concurrent reductions in particulate emissions from these alternative fuels are expected because of changes in fuel composition including reduced sulfur and aromatic content. The NASA Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) was conducted in January-February 2009 to investigate the effects of synthetic fuels on gas-phase and particulate emissions. Standard petroleum JP-8 fuel, pure synthetic fuels produced from natural gas and coal feedstocks using the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) process, and 50% blends of both fuels were tested in the CFM-56 engines on a DC-8 aircraft. To examine plume chemistry and particle evolution with time, samples were drawn from inlet probes positioned 1, 30, and 145m downstream of the aircraft engines. No significant alteration to engine performance was measured when burning the alternative fuels. However, leaks in the aircraft fuel system were detected when operated with the pure FT fuels as a result of the absence of aromatic compounds in the fuel. Dramatic reductions in soot emissions were measured for both the pure FT fuels (reductions in mass of 86% averaged over all powers) and blended fuels (66 %) relative to the JP- 8 baseline with the largest reductions at idle conditions. At 7% power, this corresponds to a reduction from 7.6 mg kg-1 for JP-8 to 1.2 mg kg-1 for the natural gas FT fuel. At full To study the formation of volatile aerosols (defined as any aerosol formed as the plume ages) in more detail, tests were performed at varying ambient temperatures (-4 to 20 °C). At idle, particle number and volume emissions were reduced linearly with increasing ambient temperature, with best fit slopes corresponding to -8×1014 particles (kg fuel)-1 °C-1 for particle number emissions and -10mm3 (kg fuel)-1 °C-1 for particle volume emissions. The temperature dependency of aerosol formation can have large effects on local air quality surrounding airports in cold regions. Aircraft-produced aerosols in these regions will be much larger than levels expected based solely on measurements made directly at the engine exit plane. The majority (90% at idle) of the volatile aerosol mass formed as nucleation-mode aerosols, with a smaller fraction as a soot coating. Conversion efficiencies of up to 2.8% were measured for the partitioning of gas-phase precursors (unburned hydrocarbons and SO2) to form volatile aerosols. Highest conversion efficiencies were measured at 45% power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FUEL
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Fischer-Tropsch process
KW  - Alternative fuels
KW  - Airplanes
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - Aircraft exhaust emissions -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution) -- Prevention
N1  - Accession Number: 93739905; Beyersdorf, A. J. 1; Email Address: andreas.j.beyersdorf@nasa.gov; Timko, M. T. 2,3; Ziemba, L. D. 1; Bulzan, D. 4; Corporan, E. 5; Herndon, S. C. 2; Howard, R. 6; Miake-Lye, R. 2; Thornhill, K. L. 1,7; Winstead, E. 1,7; Wey, C. 4; Z. Yu 2; Anderson, B. E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; 3: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; 4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 5: Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio, USA; 6: Arnold Engineering Development Center, Arnold AFB, Tennessee, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p11; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: FUEL; Thesaurus Term: Air quality management; Thesaurus Term: Fischer-Tropsch process; Subject Term: Alternative fuels; Subject Term: Airplanes; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: Aircraft exhaust emissions -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Emissions (Air pollution) -- Prevention; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-11-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93739905&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Fan
AU  - L. R. Leung
AU  - DeMott, P. J.
AU  - Comstock, J. M.
AU  - Singh, B.
AU  - Rosenfeld, D.
AU  - Tomlinson, J. M.
AU  - White, A.
AU  - Prather, K. A.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Ayers, J. K.
AU  - Q. Min
T1  - Aerosol impacts on California winter clouds and precipitation during CalWater 2011: local pollution versus long-range transported dust.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 101
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Mineral dust aerosols often observed over California in winter and spring, associated with long-range transport from Asia and the Sahara, have been linked to enhanced precipitation based on observations. Local anthropogenic pollution, on the other hand, was shown in previous observational and modeling studies to reduce precipitation. Here we incorporate recent developments in ice nucleation parameterizations to link aerosols with ice crystal formation in a spectralbin cloud microphysical model coupled with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in order to examine the relative and combined impacts of dust and local pollution particles on cloud properties and precipitation type and intensity. Simulations are carried out for two cloud cases (from the CalWater 2011 field campaign) with contrasting meteorology and cloud dynamics that occurred on 16 February (FEB16) and 2 March (MAR02). In both cases, observations show the presence of dust and biological particles in a relative pristine environment. The simulated cloud microphysical properties and precipitation show reasonable agreement with aircraft and surface measurements. Model sensitivity experiments indicate that in the pristine environment, the dust and biological aerosol layers increase the accumulated precipitation by 10-20% from the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada for both FEB16 and MAR02 due to a ~40% increase in snow formation, validating the observational hypothesis. Model results show that local pollution increases precipitation over the windward slope of the mountains by a few percent due to increased snow formation when dust is present, but reduces precipitation by 5-8%if dust is removed on FEB16. The effects of local pollution on cloud microphysics and precipitation strongly depend on meteorology, including cloud dynamics and the strength of the Sierra Barrier Jet. This study further underscores the importance of the interactions between local pollution, dust, and environmental conditions for assessing aerosol effects on cold-season precipitation in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Cloud classification
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 93739930; J. Fan 1; Email Address: jiwen.fan@pnnl.gov; L. R. Leung 1; DeMott, P. J. 2; Comstock, J. M. 1; Singh, B. 1; Rosenfeld, D. 3; Tomlinson, J. M. 1; White, A. 4; Prather, K. A. 5; Minnis, P. 6; Ayers, J. K. 7; Q. Min 8; Affiliations: 1: Climate Physics, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA; 3: Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel; 4: NOAA/ESRL, R/PSD2, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0314, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Hampton, VA, USA; 8: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12203, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p81; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Subject Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Weather forecasting; Subject Term: Cloud classification; Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-81-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93739930&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dawson, K. W.
AU  - Meskhidze, N.
AU  - Josset, D.
AU  - Gassó, S.
T1  - A new study of sea spray optical properties from multi-sensor spaceborne observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 244
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite sensor require the assumption of an extinction-to-backscatter ratio, also known as the lidar ratio. This paper evaluates a new method to calculate the lidar ratio of sea spray aerosol using two independent sources: the AOD from the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) algorithm and the integrated attenuated backscatter from CALIOP . With this method, the particulate lidar ratio can be derived for individual CALIOP retrievals in single aerosol layer columns over the ocean. Global analyses are carried out using CALIOP level 2, 5 km sea spray aerosol layer products and the collocated SODA nighttime data from December 2007 to December 2009. The global mean lidar ratio for sea spray aerosols was found to be 26 sr, roughly 30% higher than the current value prescribed by CALIOP standard retrieval algorithm. Data analysis also showed considerable spatiotemporal variability in the calculated lidar ratio over the remote oceans. The calculated aerosol lidar ratios are shown to be inversely related to the mean ocean surface wind speed: increase in ocean surface wind speed (U10) from 0 to > 15ms-1 reduces the mean lidar ratios for sea spray particles from 32 sr (for 0 < U10 < 4ms-1) to 22 sr (for U10 > 15ms-1). Such changes in the lidar ratio are expected to have a corresponding effect on the sea spray AOD. The outcomes of this study are relevant for future improvements of the SODA and CALIOP operational product and could lead to more accurate retrievals of sea spray AOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Ocean
KW  - Space telescopes
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Backscattering
N1  - Accession Number: 93743404; Dawson, K. W. 1; Email Address: kwdawson@ncsu.edu; Meskhidze, N. 1; Email Address: nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu; Josset, D. 2; Gassó, S. 3; Affiliations: 1: Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc/NASA Langley Research center, USA; 3: GESTAR/Morgan State University, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p213; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Ocean; Subject Term: Space telescopes; Subject Term: Optical polarization; Subject Term: Backscattering; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-213-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93743404&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper, George
AU  - Horz, Friedrich
AU  - Spees, Alanna
AU  - Chang, Sherwood
T1  - Highly stable meteoritic organic compounds as markers of asteroidal delivery.
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 385
M3  - Article
SP  - 206
EP  - 215
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Multiple missions to search for water-soluble organic compounds on the surfaces of Solar System bodies are either current or planned and, if such compounds were found, it would be desirable to determine their origin(s). Asteroid or comet material is likely to have been components of all surface environments throughout Solar System history. To simulate the survival of meteoritic compounds both during impacts with planetary surfaces and under subsequent (possibly) harsh ambient conditions, we subjected known meteoritic compounds to comparatively high impact–shock pressures (>30 GPa) and/or to extremely oxidizing/corrosive acid solution. Consistent with past impact experiments, α-amino acids survived only at trace levels above ∼18 GPa. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) survived at levels of 4–8% at a shock pressure of 36 GPa. Lower molecular weight sulfonic and phosphonic acids (S&P) had the highest degree of impact survival of all tested compounds at higher pressures. Oxidation of compounds was done with a 3:1 mixture of HCl:HNO3, a solution that generates additional strong oxidants such as Cl2 and NOCl. Upon oxidation, keto acids and α-amino acids were the most labile compounds with proline as a significant exception. Some fraction of the other compounds, including non-α amino acids and dicarboxylic acids, were stable during 16–18 hours of oxidation. However, S&P quantitatively survived several months (at least) under the same conditions. Such results begin to build a profile of the more robust meteoritic compounds: those that may have survived, i.e., may be found in, the more hostile Solar System environments. In the search for organic compounds, one current mission, NASAʼs Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), will use analytical procedures similar to those of this study and those employed previously on Earth to identify many of the compounds described in this work. The current results may thus prove to be directly relevant to potential findings of MSL and other missions designed for extraterrestrial organic analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - Phosphonic acids
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Comets
KW  - Solar system
KW  - amino acids
KW  - impact experiments
KW  - meteorites
KW  - oxidation
KW  - phosphonic
KW  - sulfonic
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 92654572; Cooper, George 1; Email Address: george.cooper@nasa.gov; Horz, Friedrich 2; Spees, Alanna 3; Chang, Sherwood 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA–Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 3: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 385, p206; Thesaurus Term: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Thesaurus Term: Phosphonic acids; Subject Term: Meteorites; Subject Term: Asteroids; Subject Term: Comets; Subject Term: Solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: amino acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: phosphonic; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfonic ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92654572&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taeyoung Choi
AU  - Xiaoxiong Xiong
AU  - Zhipeng Wang
T1  - On-Orbit Lunar Modulation Transfer Function Measurements for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 52
IS  - 1, Part 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 270
EP  - 277
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Spatial quality of an imaging sensor can be estimated by evaluating its modulation transfer function (MTF) from many different sources such as a sharp edge, a pulse target, or bar patterns with different spatial frequencies. These well-defined targets are frequently used for prelaunch laboratory tests, providing very reliable and accurate MTF measurements. A laboratory-quality edge input source was included in the spatial-mode operation of the Spectroradiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA), which is one of the onboard calibrators of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Since not all imaging satellites have such an instrument, SRCA MTF estimations can be used as a reference for an on-orbit lunar MTF algorithm and results. In this paper, the prelaunch spatial quality characterization process from the Integrated Alignment Collimator and SRCA is briefly discussed. Based on prelaunch MTF calibration using the SRCA, a lunar MTF algorithm is developed and applied to the lifetime on-orbit Terra and Aqua MODIS lunar collections. In each lunar collection, multiple scan-direction-Moon-to-background transition profiles are aligned by the subpixel edge locations from a parametric Fermi function fit. Corresponding accumulated edge profiles are filtered and interpolated to obtain the edge spread function (ESF). The MTF is calculated by applying a Fourier transformation on the line spread function through a simple differentiation of the ESF. The lifetime lunar MTF results are analyzed and filtered by a relationship with the Sun-Earth-MODIS angle. Finally, the filtered lunar MTF values are compared to the SRCA MTF results. This comparison provides the level of accuracy for on-orbit MTF estimations validated through prelaunch SRCA measurements. The lunar MTF values had larger uncertainty than the SRCA MTF results; however, the ratio mean of lunar MTF fit and SRCA MTF values is within 2% in the 250- and 500-m bands. Based on the MTF measurement uncertainty range, the suggested lunar MTF algorithm can be applied to any on-orbit imaging sensor with lunar calibration capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MOON
KW  - TRANSFER functions (Mathematics)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - IMAGE sensors
KW  - Aqua
KW  - MODIS
KW  - moon
KW  - MTF
KW  - spatial quality
KW  - SRCA
KW  - Terra
N1  - Accession Number: 102838521; Taeyoung Choi 1,2; Email Address: taeyoung.choi@sigmaspace.com; Xiaoxiong Xiong 3; Email Address: Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov; Zhipeng Wang 1; Email Address: zwang@sigmaspace.com; Affiliations: 1: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706 USA; 2: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; 3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 52 Issue 1, Part 1, p270; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Thesaurus Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: TRANSFER functions (Mathematics); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: IMAGE sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: MTF; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: SRCA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2238545
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=102838521&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00189480
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor offers his views on the periodical "IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques" and discusses on high-frequency components, circuits and operational techniques, also people who the author would like to thank in the periodical are mentioned.
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - BAKKALOGLU, Bertan
KW  - FUMEAUX, Christophe
KW  - VOSSIEK, Martin
KW  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 93570938; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Reviews & Products: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques (Periodical); People: BAKKALOGLU, Bertan; People: FUMEAUX, Christophe; People: VOSSIEK, Martin; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2293069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ordaz, Man
AU  - Wu Lit
T1  - Integration of Off-Track Sonic Boom Analysis for Supersonic Aircraft Conceptual Design.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 28
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A highly desired capability for aircraft conceptual design is the ability to rapidly and accurately evaluate new concepts to avoid adverse trade decisions that may hinder the development process in the later stages of design. Evaluating the robustness of new low-boom concepts is important for the conceptual design of supersonic aircraft. Here, robustness means that the aircraft configuration has a low-boom ground signature at both under- and off-track locations. An integrated process for under- and off-track sonic boom analysis is developed to facilitate the design of robust low-boom supersonic aircraft. The key enabler for sonic boom analysis is accurate computational fluid dynamics solutions for off-body pressure distributions. To ensure the numerical accuracy of the off-body pressure distributions, a mesh study is performed with Cart3D (an inviscid computational fluid dynamics solver) to determine the mesh requirements for off-body computational fluid dynamics analysis. Comparisons are made between the sonic boom analysis results conducted with the Cart3D and USM3D inviscid computational fluid dynamics solvers. The variation in the ground signature that results from changes in the location of the computational fluid dynamics off-body pressure distribution is also examined. Finally, a complete under- and off-track sonic boom analysis is presented for two distinct supersonic concepts to demonstrate the capability of the integrated analysis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction
KW  - CONCEPTUAL design -- Research
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
KW  - SONIC boom -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 94901877; Source Information: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: CONCEPTUAL design -- Research; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Subject Term: SONIC boom -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031511
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=94901877&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu Li
AU  - Rallabhandit, Sriram
T1  - Inverse Design of Low-Boom Supersonic Concepts Using Reversed Equivalent-Area Targets.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 36
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A promising path for developing a low-boom configuration is a multifidelity approach that starts from a low-fidelity low-boom design, refines the low-fidelity design with computational fluid dynamics equivalent-area analysis, and improves the design with sonic-boom analysis by using computational fluid dynamics off-body pressure distributions. The focus of this paper is on the third step of this approach, in which the design is improved with sonic-boom analysis through the use of computational fluid dynamics calculations. A new inverse design process for off-body pressure tailoring is formulated and demonstrated with a low-boom supersonic configuration that was developed by using the mixed-fidelity design method with computational fluid dynamics equivalent-area analysis. The new inverse design process uses the reverse propagation of the pressure distribution from a mid-field location to a near-field location, converts the near-field into an equivalent-area distribution, generates a low-boom target for the reversed equivalent area of the configuration, and modifies the configuration to minimize the differences between the configuration's reversed equivalent area and the low-boom target. The new inverse design process is used to modify a supersonic demonstrator concept for a cruise Mach number of 1.6 and a cruise weight of 30,000 lb. The modified configuration has a fully shaped ground signature that has a perceived loudness value of 78.5, whereas the original configuration has a partially shaped aft signature with a perceived loudness of 82.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - CONCEPTUAL design
N1  - Accession Number: 94901878; Source Information: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p29; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: CONCEPTUAL design; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031551
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=94901878&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenwood, Eric
AU  - Schmitz, Fredric H.
T1  - Effects of Ambient Conditions on Helicopter Rotor Source Noise Modeling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 103
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A phenomenological noise-modeling method called Fundamental Rotorcraft Acoustic Modeling from Experiments is used to demonstrate the changes in rotor harmonic noise generation of a helicopter operating at different ambient conditions. The method is based upon a nondimensionai representation of the governing acoustic and performance equations of a single-rotor helicopter. Measured external noise is used together with parameter-identification techniques to develop a model of helicopter external noise that is a hybrid between theory and experiment. The method is used to evaluate the main rotor harmonic noise of a Bell 206B3 helicopter operating at different altitudes. The variation with altitude of blade-vortex interaction noise, known to be a strong function of the helicopter's advance ratio, depends upon which definition of airspeed is used. If normal flight procedures are followed and indicated airspeed is held constant, the true airspeed of the helicopter increases with altitude. This causes an increase in advance ratio and a decrease in the speed of sound, which results in large changes to blade-vortex interaction noise levels. Additionally, thickness noise on this helicopter becomes more intense with increasing altitude. The noise magnitude and directivity variations differ when flight conditions are defined by true airspeed. These results suggest that existing empirical helicopter rotor noise-source models may give incorrect noise estimates when they are used at conditions where data were not measured and may need to be corrected for mission land-use planning purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise -- Research
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Noise -- Research
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - ACOUSTIC models
KW  - BLADE-vortex interactions
N1  - Accession Number: 94901884; Source Information: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p90; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise -- Research; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Noise -- Research; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC models; Subject Term: BLADE-vortex interactions; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032045
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=94901884&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shenoy, Rajiv
AU  - Smith, Marilyn J.
AU  - Park, Michael A.
T1  - Unstructured Overset Mesh Adaptation with Turbulence Modeling for Unsteady Aerodynamic Interactions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 174
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Schemes for anisotropic grid adaptation for dynamic overset simulations are presented. These approaches permit adaptation over a periodic time window in a dynamic flowfield so that an accurate evolution of the unsteady wake may be obtained, as demonstrated on an unstructured flow solver. Unlike prior adaptive schemes, this approach permits grid adaptation to occur seamlessly across any number of grids that are overset, excluding only the boundary layer to avoid surface manipulations. A demonstration on a rotor/fuselage-interaction configuration includes correlations with time-averaged and instantaneous fuselage pressures, and wake trajectories. Additionally, the effects of modeling the flow as inviscid and turbulent are reported. The ability of the methodology to improve these predictions is confirmed, including a vortex/fuselage-impingement phenomenon that has before now not been captured by computational simulations. The adapted solutions exhibit dependency based on the choice of the feature to form the adaptation indicator, indicating that there is no single best practice for feature-based adaptation across the spectrum of rotorcraft applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
N1  - Accession Number: 94901889; Source Information: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p161; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032195
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=94901889&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Khiem-Van Truong
AU  - Ormiston, Robert A.
T1  - Comparison of One-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Structural Dynamics Modeling of Advanced Geometry Blades.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 226
EP  - 235
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Comparisons between one-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses are conducted systematically for advanced geometry blades, which have tip sweep, tip taper, and planform variations near the root with various materials and effects of boundary conditions in order to better understand the differences between the two approaches and the physics behind them. One-dimensional beam analysis is conducted using the rotorcraft comprehensive analysis system with variational asymptotical beam sectional analysis calculated two-dimensional cross-sectional properties. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is conducted using a commercial code MSC/Marc. Natural frequencies are calculated at various rotor rotational speeds, and the differences are quantified. There is very good agreement between the one-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses for free-free aluminum beams, even for a very short beam with beam length five times chord (L = 5 x c). The one-dimensional analysis accurately captures the planform variation near the root for an aluminum beam. In general, the differences between the one-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses occur when there is coupling, either generated from geometry (tip sweep) or material (composite), especially for high-frequency modes. Without coupling, the one-dimensional analysis appears to capture free vibration characteristics of various advanced geometry beams and blades reasonably well for at least the six lowest frequency modes when the beam length is greater than 10 times chord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics -- Research
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - ROTORCRAFT -- Research
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DIMENSIONAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 94901895; Source Information: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p226; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT -- Research; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DIMENSIONAL analysis; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032304
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=94901895&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103999713
T1  - New heights in ultrasound: first report of spinal ultrasound from the international space station.
AU  - Marshburn, Thomas H
AU  - Hadfield, Chris A
AU  - Sargsyan, Ashot E
AU  - Garcia, Kathleen
AU  - Ebert, Douglas
AU  - Dulchavsky, Scott A
Y1  - 2014/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 103999713. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141003. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Emergency Care. NLM UID: 8412174. 
KW  - Cervical Vertebrae -- Ultrasonography
KW  - Lumbar Vertebrae -- Ultrasonography
KW  - Clinical Information Systems
KW  - Sacrum -- Ultrasonography
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Weightlessness -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Education, Nonprofessional
KW  - Male
KW  - Middle Age
KW  - Remote Consultation
KW  - Ultrasonography -- Methods
SP  - 61
EP  - 70
JO  - Journal of Emergency Medicine (0736-4679)
JF  - Journal of Emergency Medicine (0736-4679)
JA  - J EMERG MED
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
PB  - Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science
SN  - 0736-4679
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Canadian Space Agency, John H. Chapman Space Centre, Saint Hubert, Quebec, Canada.
AD  - Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.
U2  - PMID: 24135505.
DO  - 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103999713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strawa, A.W.
AU  - Chatfield, R.B.
AU  - Legg, M.
AU  - Scarnato, B.
AU  - Esswein, R.
T1  - Improving retrievals of regional fine particulate matter concentrations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) multisatellite observations.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 64
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1434
EP  - 1446
SN  - 10962247
AB  - A combination of multiplatform satellite observations and statistical data analysis are used to improve the correlation between estimates of PM2.5(particulate mass with aerodynamic diameter less that 2.5 µm) retrieved from satellite observations and ground-level measured PM2.5. Accurate measurements of PM2.5can be used to assess the impact of air pollution levels on human health and the environment and to validate air pollution models. The area under study is California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) that has a history of poor particulate air quality. Attempts to use simple linear regressions to estimate PM2.5from satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) have not yielded good results. The period of study for this project was from October 2004 to July 2008 for six sites in the SJV. A simple linear regression between surface-measured PM2.5and satellite-observed AOD (from MODIS [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]) yields a correlation coefficient of about 0.17 in this region. The correlation coefficient between the measured PM2.5and that retrieved combining satellite observations in a generalized additive model (GAM) resulted in an improved correlation coefficient of 0.77. The model used combinations of MODIS AOD, OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) AOD, NO2concentration, and a seasonal variable as parameters. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the PM2.5retrieved using the GAM captures many of the PM2.5exceedances that were not seen in the simple linear regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - Artificial satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 93632303; Strawa, A.W. 1; Email Address: Anthony.W.Strawa@nasa.gov; Chatfield, R.B. 1; Legg, M. 2; Scarnato, B. 2; Esswein, R. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 64 Issue 1, p1434; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: Artificial satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10962247.2013.822838
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93632303&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulyukin, A.
AU  - Demkina, E.
AU  - Manucharova, N.
AU  - Akimov, V.
AU  - Andersen, D.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Gal'chenko, V.
T1  - The prokaryotic community of subglacial bottom sediments of Antarctic Lake Untersee: Detection by cultural and direct microscopic techniques.
JO  - Microbiology (00262617)
JF  - Microbiology (00262617)
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 83
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 84
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00262617
AB  - The heterotrophic mesophilic microbial component was studied in microbial communities of the samples of frozen regolith collected from the glacier near Lake Untersee collected in 2011 during the joint Russian-American expedition to central Dronning Maud Land (Eastern Antarctica). Cultural techniques revealed high bacterial numbers in the samples. For enumeration of viable cells, the most probable numbers (MPN) method proved more efficient than plating on agar media. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with the relevant oligonucleotide probes revealed members of the groups Eubacteria ( Actinobacteria, Firmicutes) and Archaea. The application of the methods of cell resuscitation, such as the use of diluted media and prevention of oxidative stress, did not result in a significant increase in the numbers of viable cells retrieved from subglacial sediment samples. Our previous investigations demonstrated the necessity for special procedures for efficient reactivation of the cells from microbial communities of replace with buried soil and permafrost samples collected in the Arctic zone. The differing responses to the special resuscitation procedures may reflect the differences in the physiological and morphological state of bacterial cells in microbial communities subject to continuous or periodic low temperatures and dehydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbiology (00262617) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Prokaryotes
KW  - Marine sediments
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Bacterial cells
KW  - Microscopy
KW  - Fluorescence in situ hybridization
KW  - Queen Maud Land
KW  - Antarctics
KW  - cell numbers
KW  - cell resuscitation
KW  - FISH
KW  - prokaryotes
KW  - subglacial sediments
N1  - Accession Number: 95934948; Mulyukin, A. 1; Email Address: andlm@mail.ru; Demkina, E. 1; Manucharova, N. 2; Akimov, V. 3; Andersen, D. 4; McKay, C. 5; Gal'chenko, V. 1; Affiliations: 1: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7, k. 2 Moscow 117312 Russia; 2: Department of Soil Biology, Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow Russia; 3: Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5 Pushchino, Moscow oblast 142290 Russia; 4: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, Mountain View USA; 5: MS-245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 83 Issue 1/2, p77; Thesaurus Term: Prokaryotes; Thesaurus Term: Marine sediments; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Bacterial cells; Subject Term: Microscopy; Subject Term: Fluorescence in situ hybridization; Subject: Queen Maud Land; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctics; Author-Supplied Keyword: cell numbers; Author-Supplied Keyword: cell resuscitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: FISH; Author-Supplied Keyword: prokaryotes; Author-Supplied Keyword: subglacial sediments; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1134/S0026261714020143
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=95934948&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marks, William L.
AU  - Iiames, John S.
AU  - Lunetta, Ross S.
AU  - Khorram, Siamak
AU  - Mace, Thomas H.
T1  - Basal Area and Biomass Estimates of Loblolly Pine Stands Using L-band UAVSAR.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 80
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 42
SN  - 00991112
AB  - Fully polarimetric L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter was collected using NASA's Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) SAR and regressed with in situ measurements of basal area (BA) and above ground biomass (AGB) of mature loblolly pine stands in North Carolina. Results found HH polarization consistently displayed the lowest correlations where HV and vv exhibited the highest correlations in all groups for both BA and AGB. When plantation stands were analyzed separately (plantation versus natural), correlation improved significantly for both BA (R² = 0.65, HV) and AGB (R² = 0.66, vv). Similarly, results improved when natural stands were analyzed separately resulting in the highest correlation for AGB (R² = 0.63, HV and vv). Data decomposition using the Freeman 3-component model indicated that the relative low correlations were due to the saturation of the L-band backscatter across the majority of the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Synthetic aperture radar
KW  - Drone aircraft
KW  - Remote sensing by radar
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 93687749; Marks, William L. 1; Iiames, John S. 2; Email Address: iiames.john@epa.gov; Lunetta, Ross S. 2; Khorram, Siamak 1; Mace, Thomas H. 3; Affiliations: 1: North Carolina State University, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Box 7106, Raleigh, NC 27695; 2: United States Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Dr., MD E243-05, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; 3: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of the Associate Director for Operations, Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA 93523; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 80 Issue 1, p33; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Synthetic aperture radar; Subject Term: Drone aircraft; Subject Term: Remote sensing by radar; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics) ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.14358/PERS.80.1.33
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93687749&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Sanford
AU  - Marshall, John
AU  - Richard, Denis
AU  - Adler, David
AU  - Adler, Benjamin
T1  - Scattering properties of lunar dust analogs.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 90
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 36
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft is designed to characterize the exospheric dust environment using an on-board suite of specialized sensors. The objective of this paper is to present results from scattering experiments using an aqueous suspension of lunar simulants that contains a population of dust grains ranging in size from ~0.1μm to 10μm. The intensity of scattered light is measured with a commercial version of the ultraviolet–visible spectrometer (UVS) used in the LADEE mission. We show that our data is consistent with the fact that micron-sized particles tend to form agglomerates rather than remaining isolated entities and that certain characteristics of the target particles can be predicted from intensity measurements alone. These results can be used directly to assess general features of the lunar exosphere. Further analysis of particle properties from such remote sensing data will require more refined measurements such as polarization features or other components of the Stokes vector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Visible spectrometers
KW  - Stokes parameters
KW  - Moon
KW  - Exospheric dust
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Lunar exosphere
KW  - Lunar missions
KW  - Mie scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 93590617; Davis, Sanford 1; Email Address: sanford.s.davis@mail.nasa.gov; Marshall, John 2; Richard, Denis 1; Adler, David 2; Adler, Benjamin 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 90, p28; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Lunar dust; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Visible spectrometers; Subject Term: Stokes parameters; Subject Term: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exospheric dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mie scattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.11.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93590617&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Discussion of “Reliability Meets Big Data: Opportunities and Challenges”.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan-Mar2014
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 120
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08982112
AB  - The article offers the author's insights regarding the discussion provided by doctors Meeker and Hong regarding the big data related to system reliability. The author says that because of the innovations in the information technology and cost reduction, the digital components such as the big data were becoming common. He states the failures in the system can cause substantial economic and market share loss.
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - COST control
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - MARKET share
KW  - LOST profits damages
KW  - BIG data
KW  - SYSTEM failures (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 93350849; Parker, Peter A. 1; Email Address: peter.a.parker@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan-Mar2014, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p117; Thesaurus Term: INFORMATION technology; Thesaurus Term: COST control; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Thesaurus Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Thesaurus Term: MARKET share; Thesaurus Term: LOST profits damages; Subject Term: BIG data; Subject Term: SYSTEM failures (Engineering); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2014.846122
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=93350849&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2014-13240-005
AN  - 2014-13240-005
AU  - Grundgeiger, Tobias
AU  - Sanderson, Penelope M.
AU  - Key Dismukes, R.
T1  - Prospective memory in complex sociotechnical systems.
T3  - Applied Memory Research
JF  - Zeitschrift für Psychologie
JO  - Zeitschrift für Psychologie
Y1  - 2014///
VL  - 222
IS  - 2
SP  - 100
EP  - 109
CY  - Germany
PB  - Hogrefe Publishing
SN  - 2190-8370
SN  - 2151-2604
AD  - Grundgeiger, Tobias, Institute for Human-Computer Media, Julius Maximilians University, Oswald-K lpe-Weg 82, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
N1  - Accession Number: 2014-13240-005. Other Journal Title: Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane. Abt. 1. Zeitschrift für Psychologie; Zeitschrift für Psychologie mit Zeitschrift für angewandte Psychologie; Zeitschrift für Psychologie mit Zeitschrift für angewandte Psychologie und Sprache & Kognition; Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie der Sinnesorgane; Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology; Zeitschrift für Psychologie: Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie; Zeitschrift für angewandte Psychologie und Charakterkunde. Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Grundgeiger, Tobias; Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany. Other Publishers: Georg Thieme Verlag KG; Hogrefe & Huber Publishers; Hogrefe Verlag GmbH & Co. KG; Hüthig GmbH & Co. KG/ Johann Ambrosius Barth Verlag; J.A. Barth Verlag. Release Date: 20140414. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Cognition; Prospective Memory. Minor Descriptor: Human Factors Engineering; Technology. Classification: Cognitive Processes (2340). Population: Human (10). Methodology: Literature Review. References Available: Y. Page Count: 10. Issue Publication Date: 2014. Copyright Statement: Hogrefe Publishing. 2014. 
AB  - An important cognitive function is the ability to remember to execute future tasks, a capability known as prospective memory (PM). Workers in complex sociotechnical systems such as healthcare and aviation face many PM challenges and forgetting tasks can have severe consequences. Although researchers have made progress in understanding how individuals remember future tasks, system-level support for PM has seldom been addressed. In the present paper, we briefly review PM research in healthcare and aviation, focusing on naturalistic studies using expert workers, and we present the concept of distributed prospective memory, which incorporates the interaction between the environment and the individual when future tasks must be remembered. PM in sociotechnical settings is a complex process involving human and nonhuman agents. Therefore, a systems approach is needed to fully understand PM processes, thus supporting workers and eventually minimizing errors and increasing safety. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - distributed cognition
KW  - distributed prospective memory
KW  - human factors
KW  - prospective memory
KW  - sociotechnical systems
KW  - 2014
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Prospective Memory
KW  - Human Factors Engineering
KW  - Technology
DO  - 10.1027/2151-2604/a000171
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2014-13240-005&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - tobias.grundgeiger@uni-wuerzburg.de
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Chato, David
AU  - McQuillen, John
T1  - Screen channel LAD bubble point tests in liquid hydrogen.
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2014/01/13/
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 853
EP  - 861
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents experimental results for the liquid hydrogen bubble point tests for liquid acquisition devices (LADs) operating in low gravity cryogenic propulsion systems. The purpose of the test was to investigate parameters that affect screen channel LAD performance in a low pressure liquid hydrogen (LH2) propellant tank and to demonstrate several ways to increase the LH2 bubble point pressure. Three fine mesh screen channel LAD samples were tested in LH2 over the range of 16.7 K < T < 21.1 K and 31.5 kPa < P < 155 kPa using gaseous helium and hydrogen as pressurant gases. Results show that bubble point pressure is affected by screen mesh type, liquid temperature and pressure, and type of pressurization gas. Higher bubble points are achieved by using a finer mesh screen and pressurizing and subcooling the liquid with gaseous helium. In addition, there is evidence that the screen pore is itself temperature dependent. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrogen production
KW  - Hydrogen as fuel
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Propulsion systems
KW  - Propellants
KW  - Cooling
KW  - Bubble point
KW  - Cryogenics
KW  - Liquid acquisition device
KW  - Propulsion
KW  - Surface tension
N1  - Accession Number: 92899720; Hartwig, Jason 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov; Chato, David 1; McQuillen, John 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p853; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen production; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen as fuel; Subject Term: Liquid hydrogen; Subject Term: Propulsion systems; Subject Term: Propellants; Subject Term: Cooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bubble point; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition device; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface tension; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.133
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=92899720&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hou, Tan-Hung
AU  - Miller, Sandi G
AU  - Williams, Tiffany S
AU  - Sutter, James K
T1  - Out-of-autoclave processing and properties of bismaleimide composites.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2014/01/15/
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 149
AB  - *This paper is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.The emergence of bismaleimide composites has fulfilled some of the increasing demand for higher temperature performance aeronautics and space exploration vehicles. This study examines and evaluates three bismaleimide matrix resins and two bismaleimide adhesives and reports on the processing properties of these resins and composites by out-of-autoclave–vacuum-bag-only oven processing. Measurements were conducted under various cure cycles to characterize and correlate thermal and viscoelastic properties of the materials. Specimens of all three aged matrix resins exhibited an out-time life up to 30 days when stored at room temperature. Solid and sandwich panels were fabricated with the out-of-autoclave–vacuum-bag-only process. Because of tooling limitations in industry practices, composite fabrication of these bismaleimides was restricted to a maximum 177℃ curing, followed by a free-standing postcuring at elevated temperatures in an oven. The adhesive foaming characteristics, composite resin/void content, flat wise tensile strength, and fracture surface features were evaluated. Due to the unique temperature limitations of this work, the resulting panel properties were not necessarily representative of manufacturer specifications or recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOCLAVES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - VISCOELASTIC materials
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - Bismaleimide composites
KW  - out-of-autoclave process
KW  - sandwich structure
N1  - Accession Number: 94421308; Hou, Tan-Hung 1; Email Address: tan-hung.hou-1@nasa.gov; Miller, Sandi G 2; Williams, Tiffany S 2; Sutter, James K 2; Source Information: Jan2014, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p137; Subject: AUTOCLAVES; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: AERONAUTICS; Subject: OUTER space -- Exploration; Subject: SPACE vehicles; Subject: VISCOELASTIC materials; Subject: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bismaleimide composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: out-of-autoclave process; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich structure; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4900
L3  - 10.1177/0731684413503050
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=94421308&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caraway, Nina Marie
AU  - McCreight, James Lucian
AU  - Rajagopalan, Balaji
T1  - Multisite stochastic weather generation using cluster analysis and k-nearest neighbor time series resampling.
JO  - Journal of Hydrology
JF  - Journal of Hydrology
Y1  - 2014/01/16/
VL  - 508
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 213
SN  - 00221694
AB  - Highlights: [•] We develop a multisite, stochastic weather generator for hydrologic simulation. [•] Our approach combines precipitation-based clustering and Markov Chain states. [•] Simulation achieved through K-NN resampling based on Markov states. [•] Has option of simulation conditioned on seasonal probabilistic climate forecasts. [•] We simulate 66 locations in the 25,000 sq. mile San Juan River watershed of Colorado River Basin, USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Hydrology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Stochastic models
KW  - Cluster analysis (Statistics)
KW  - K-nearest neighbor classification
KW  - Time series analysis
KW  - Markov chain Monte Carlo
KW  - Colorado River
KW  - Multisite
KW  - Nonparametric
KW  - San Juan River
KW  - Stochastic
KW  - Weather generation
N1  - Accession Number: 93271007; Caraway, Nina Marie 1; Email Address: nina.caraway@gmail.com; McCreight, James Lucian 2; Rajagopalan, Balaji 1,3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 2: Ecological Forecasting Lab, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Issue Info: Jan2014, Vol. 508, p197; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Stochastic models; Subject Term: Cluster analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: K-nearest neighbor classification; Subject Term: Time series analysis; Subject Term: Markov chain Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Colorado River; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multisite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonparametric; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Juan River; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weather generation; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.054
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93271007&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grotzinger, J. P.
AU  - Sumner, D. Y.
AU  - Kah, L. C.
AU  - Stack, K.
AU  - Gupta, S.
AU  - Edgar, L.
AU  - Rubin, D.
AU  - Lewis, †. K.
AU  - Schieber, J.
AU  - Mangold, N.
AU  - Milliken, R.
AU  - Conrad, P. G.
AU  - DesMarais, D.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Siebach, K.
AU  - Calef III, F.
AU  - Hurowitz, J.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Ming, D.
AU  - Vaniman, D.
T1  - A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2014/01/24/
VL  - 343
IS  - 6169
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Gale Crater (Mars)
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Sedimentary rocks
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Curiosity (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 93984382; Grotzinger, J. P. 1; Email Address: grotz@gps.caltech.edu; Sumner, D. Y. 2; Kah, L. C. 3; Stack, K. 1; Gupta, S. 4; Edgar, L. 5; Rubin, D. 6,7; Lewis, †. K. 8; Schieber, J. 9; Mangold, N. 10; Milliken, R. 11; Conrad, P. G. 12; DesMarais, D. 13; Farmer, J. 5; Siebach, K. 1; Calef III, F. 14; Hurowitz, J. 15; McLennan, S. M. 15; Ming, D. 16; Vaniman, D. 17; Affiliations: 1: Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; 4: Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; 5: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; 7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 8: Department of Geoscience, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; 9: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; 10: Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes (LPGN), LPGN/CNRS UMR6112 and Université de Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France; 11: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; 12: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 13: Department of Space Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 15: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York State at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA; 16: Jacobs Technology, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 17: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Issue Info: 1/24/2014, Vol. 343 Issue 6169, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Gale Crater (Mars); Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Sedimentary rocks; Subject Term: Biosphere; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration ; Company/Entity: Curiosity (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1242777
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93984382&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Anderson, R. B.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Bridges, J. C.
AU  - Calef III, F.
AU  - Campbell, J. L.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Clegg, S.
AU  - Conrad, P.
AU  - Cousin, A.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
AU  - Dromart, G.
AU  - Dyar, M. D.
AU  - Edgar, L. A.
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Fabre, C.
AU  - Forni, O.
AU  - Gasnault, O.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Gordon, S.
T1  - Elemental Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2014/01/24/
VL  - 343
IS  - 6169
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Sedimentary rocks examined by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay, Mars, were derived from sources that evolved from an approximately average martian crustal composition to one influenced by alkaline basalts. No evidence of chemical weathering is preserved, indicating arid, possibly cold, paleoclimates and rapid erosion and deposition. The absence of predicted geochemical variations indicates that magnetite and phyllosilicates formed by diagenesis under low-temperature, circumneutral pH, rock-dominated aqueous conditions. Analyses of diagenetic features (including concretions, raised ridges, and fractures) at high spatial resolution indicate that they are composed of iron- and halogen-rich components, magnesium-iron-chlorine-rich components, and hydrated calcium sulfates, respectively. Composition of a cross-cutting dike-like feature is consistent with sedimentary intrusion. The geochemistry of these sedimentary rocks provides further evidence for diverse depositional and diagenetic sedimentary environments during the early history of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Sedimentary rocks
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Gale Crater (Mars)
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Curiosity (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 93984396; McLennan, S. M. 1; Email Address: scott.mclennan@stonybrook.edu; Anderson, R. B. 2; Bell III, J. F. 3; Bridges, J. C. 4; Calef III, F. 5; Campbell, J. L. 6; Clark, B. C. 7; Clegg, S. 8; Conrad, P. 9; Cousin, A. 8; Des Marais, D. J. 10; Dromart, G. 11; Dyar, M. D. 12; Edgar, L. A. 3; Ehlmann, B. L. 5,13; Fabre, C. 14; Forni, O. 15; Gasnault, O. 15; Gellert, R. 6; Gordon, S. 16; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, Astro-geology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 4: Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 6: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; 7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 8: Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; 9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 10: Department of Space Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 11: Laboratoire de Geologié de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France; 12: Department of Astronomy, Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; 13: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 14: UMR 7359 CNRS-Georesources, Campus des Aiguillettes, Faculté des Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy Cedex, France; 15: IRAP, Université de Toulouse (UPS-OMP)/CNRS, 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France; 16: Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Issue Info: 1/24/2014, Vol. 343 Issue 6169, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Geochemistry; Subject Term: Sedimentary rocks; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Gale Crater (Mars); Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION ; Company/Entity: Curiosity (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1244734
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=93984396&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vaniman, D. T.
AU  - Bish, D. L.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Bristow, T. F.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Blake, D. F.
AU  - Chipera, S. J.
AU  - Morrison, S. M.
AU  - Treiman, A. H.
AU  - Rampe, E. B.
AU  - Rice, M.
AU  - Achilles, C. N.
AU  - Grotzinger, †. J. P.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Williams, J.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Newsom, H. E.
AU  - Downs, R. T.
AU  - Maurice, S.
AU  - Sarrazin, P.
T1  - Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2014/01/24/
VL  - 343
IS  - 6169
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay (Gale crater) on Mars include mudstone sampled by the Curiosity rover. The samples, John Klein and Cumberland, contain detrital basaltic minerals, calcium sulfates, iron oxide or hydroxides, iron sulfides, amorphous material, and trioctahedral smectites. The John Klein smectite has basal spacing of ~10 angstroms, indicating little interlayer hydration. The Cumberland smectite has basal spacing at both ~13.2 and ~10 angstroms. The larger spacing suggests a partially chloritized interlayer or interlayer magnesium or calcium facilitating H2O retention. Basaltic minerals in the mudstone are similar to those in nearby eolian deposits. However, the mudstone has far less Fe-forsterite, possibly lost with formation of smectite plus magnetite. Late Noachian/Early Hesperian or younger age indicates that clay mineral formation on Mars extended beyond Noachian time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Sedimentary rocks
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Mudstone
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Gale Crater (Mars)
KW  - Basalt
KW  - Smectite
N1  - Accession Number: 93984413; Vaniman, D. T. 1; Email Address: dvaniman@psi.edu; Bish, D. L. 2; Ming, D. W. 3; Bristow, T. F. 4; Morris, R. V. 3; Blake, D. F. 4; Chipera, S. J. 5; Morrison, S. M. 6; Treiman, A. H. 7; Rampe, E. B. 3; Rice, M. 8; Achilles, C. N. 9; Grotzinger, †. J. P. 8; McLennan, S. M. 10; Williams, J. 11; Bell III, J. F. 12; Newsom, H. E. 11; Downs, R. T. 6; Maurice, S. 13; Sarrazin, P. 14; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 2: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; 3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK 73154, USA; 6: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 7: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 8: Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 9: ESCG/UTC Aerospace Systems, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 10: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; 11: Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; 12: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 13: Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Universite de Toulouse/CNRS, Toulouse 31400, France; 14: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Issue Info: 1/24/2014, Vol. 343 Issue 6169, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Sedimentary rocks; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Mudstone; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Gale Crater (Mars); Subject Term: Basalt; Subject Term: Smectite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1243480
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, M. E.
AU  - Song, C. H.
AU  - Park, R. S.
AU  - Lee, J.
AU  - Kim, J.
AU  - Lee, S.
AU  - Woo, J. -H.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Eck, T. F.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
AU  - Lee, S. -S.
AU  - Song, C. K.
AU  - Hong, Y. D.
T1  - New approach to monitor transboundary particulate pollution over Northeast Asia.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 659
EP  - 674
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - A new approach to more accurately monitor and evaluate transboundary particulate matter (PM) pollution is introduced based on aerosol optical products from Korea's Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI). The area studied is Northeast Asia (including eastern parts of China, the Korean peninsula and Japan), where GOCI has been monitoring since June 2010. The hourly multi-spectral aerosol optical data that were retrieved from GOCI sensor onboard geostationary satellite COMS (Communication, Ocean, and Meteorology Satellite) through the Yonsei aerosol retrieval algorithm were first presented and used in this study. The GOCI-retrieved aerosol optical data are integrated with estimated aerosol distributions from US EPA Models-3/CMAQ (Community Multi-scale Air Quality) v4.5.1 model simulations via data assimilation technique, thereby making the aerosol data spatially continuous and available even for cloud contamination cells. The assimilated aerosol optical data are utilized to provide quantitative estimates of transboundary PM pollution from China to the Korean peninsula and Japan. For the period of 1 April to 31 May, 2011 this analysis yields estimates that AOD as a proxy for PM2.5 or PM10 during long-range transport events increased by 117-265% compared to background average AOD (aerosol optical depth) at the four AERONET sites in Korea, and average AOD increases of 121% were found when averaged over the entire Korean peninsula. This paper demonstrates that the use of multi-spectral AOD retrievals from geostationary satellites can improve estimates of transboundary PM pollution. Such data will become more widely available later this decade when new sensors such as the GEMS (Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer) and GOCI-2 are scheduled to be launched. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Transboundary pollution
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - East Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 94178298; Park, M. E. 1; Song, C. H. 1; Email Address: chsong@gist.ac.kr; Park, R. S. 1; Lee, J. 2,3,4; Kim, J. 2; Lee, S. 1; Woo, J. -H. 5; Carmichael, G. R. 6; Eck, T. F. 4,7; Holben, B. N. 4; Lee, S. -S. 8; Song, C. K. 9; Hong, Y. D. 9; Affiliations: 1: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712, Korea; 2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea; 3: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 4: Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 5: Department of Advanced Technology Fusion, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea; 6: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA; 7: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA; 8: National Institute of Meteorological Research, Seoul, 156-720, Korea; 9: Air Quality Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), Incheon, 404-170, Korea; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p659; Thesaurus Term: Transboundary pollution; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Ocean color; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject: East Asia; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 2 Graphs, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-659-2014
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gayet, J. -F.
AU  - Shcherbakov, V.
AU  - Bugliaro, L.
AU  - Protat, A.
AU  - Delanoë, J.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Garnier, A.
T1  - Microphysical properties and high ice water content in continental and oceanic mesoscale convective systems and potential implications for commercial aircraft at flight altitude.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 899
EP  - 912
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Two complementary case studies are conducted to analyse convective system properties in the region where strong cloud-top lidar backscatter anomalies are observed as reported by Platt et al. (2011). These anomalies were reported for the first time using in situ microphysical measurements in an isolated continental convective cloud over Germany during the CIRCLE2 experiment (Gayet et al., 2012). In this case, in situ observations quasi-collocated with CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation), CloudSat and Meteosat-9/SEVIRI observations confirm that regions of backscatter anomalies represent the most active and dense convective cloud parts with likely the strongest core updrafts and unusually high values of the particle concentration, extinction and ice water content (IWC), with the occurrence of small ice crystal sizes. Similar spaceborne observations of a maritime mesoscale cloud system (MCS) located off the Brazilian coast between 0° and 3° N latitude on 20 June 2008 are then analysed. Near cloud-top backscatter anomalies are evidenced in a region which corresponds to the coldest temperatures with maximum cloud top altitudes derived from collocated CALIPSO/IIR and Meteosat-9/SEVIRI infrared brightness temperatures. The interpretation of CALIOP (Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) data highlights significant differences in microphysical properties from those observed in the continental isolated convective cloud. Indeed, SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager) retrievals in the visible spectrum confirm much smaller ice particles near the top of the isolated continental convective cloud, i.e. effective radius (Reff) ~15 μm as opposed to 22- 27 μm in the whole MCS area. Cloud profiling observations at 94 GHz from CloudSat are then used to describe the properties of the most active cloud regions at and below cloud top. The cloud ice-water content and effective radius retrieved with the CloudSat 2B-IWC and DARDAR (raDAR/liDAR) inversion techniques, show that at usual cruise altitudes of commercial aircraft (FL 350 or ~10 700m level), high IWC (i.e. up to 2 to 4 gm-3) could be identified according to specific IWC-Z (Z being the reflectivity factor) relationships. These values correspond to a maximum reflectivity factor of +18 dBZ (at 94GHz). Near-top cloud properties also indicate signatures of microphysical characteristics according to the cloud-stage evolution as revealed by SEVIRI images to identify the development of new cells within the MCS cluster. It is argued that the availability of real-time information (on the kilometre-scale) about cloud top IR brightness temperature decreases with respect to the cloud environment would help identify MCS cloud areas with potentially high ice water content and small particle sizes against which onboard meteorological radars may not be able to provide timely warning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Convective clouds
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Flight
KW  - Backscattering
N1  - Accession Number: 94178311; Gayet, J. -F. 1; Email Address: j.f.gayet@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr; Shcherbakov, V. 1,2; Bugliaro, L. 3; Protat, A. 4; Delanoë, J. 5; Pelon, J. 5; Garnier, A. 6; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, UMR6016 CNRS/Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Institut Universitaire de Technologie d'Allier, Montluçon, France; 3: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 4: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research (CAWCR), Melbourne, Australia; 5: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UMR8190 CNRS/Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Guyancourt, France; 6: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, currently Science Systems and Applications, Inc./NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p899; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Convective clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Flight; Subject Term: Backscattering; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-899-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, E. E.
T1  - Decadal-scale responses in middle and upper stratospheric ozone from SAGE II version 7 data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1039
EP  - 1053
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) version 7 (v7) ozone profiles are analyzed for their decadal-scale responses in the middle and upper stratosphere for 1991 and 1992-2005 and compared with those from its previous version 6.2 (v6.2). Multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis is applied to time series of its ozone number density vs. altitude data for a range of latitudes and altitudes. The MLR models that are fit to the time series data include a periodic 11 yr term, and it is in-phase with that of the 11 yr, solar UV (Ultraviolet)-flux throughout most of the latitude/ altitude domain of the middle and upper stratosphere. Several regions that have a response that is not quite in-phase are interpreted as being affected by decadal-scale, dynamical forcings. The maximum minus minimum, solar cycle (SClike) responses for the ozone at the low latitudes are similar from the two SAGE II data versions and vary from about 5 to 2.5% from 35 to 50 km, although they are resolved better with v7. SAGE II v7 ozone is also analyzed for 1984-1998, in order to mitigate effects of end-point anomalies that bias its ozone in 1991 and the analyzed results for 1991-2005 or following the Pinatubo eruption. Its SC-like ozone response in the upper stratosphere is of the order of 4%for 1984-1998 vs. 2.5 to 3%for 1991-2005. The SAGE II v7 results are also recompared with the responses in ozone from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) that are in terms of mixing ratio vs. pressure for 1991-2005 and then for late 1992- 2005 to avoid any effects following Pinatubo. Shapes of their respective response profiles agree very well for 1992-2005. The associated linear trends of the ozone are not as negative in 1992-2005 as in 1984-1998, in accord with a leveling off of the effects of reactive chlorine on ozone. It is concluded that the SAGE II v7 ozone yields SC-like ozone responses and trends that are of better quality than those from v6.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Halogens
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Latitude
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 94178320; Remsberg, E. E. 1; Email Address: ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p1039; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Halogens; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Latitude; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-1039-2014
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grooß, J. -U.
AU  - Engel, I.
AU  - Borrmann, S.
AU  - Frey, W.
AU  - Günther, G.
AU  - Hoyle, C. R.
AU  - Kivi, R.
AU  - Luo, B. P.
AU  - Molleker, S.
AU  - Peter, T.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Schlager, H.
AU  - Stiller, G.
AU  - Vömel, H.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Müller, R.
T1  - Nitric acid trihydrate nucleation and denitrification in the Arctic stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1073
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) particles in the polar stratosphere have been shown to be responsible for vertical redistribution of reactive nitrogen (NOy). Recent observations by Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard the CALIPSO satellite have been explained in terms of heterogeneous nucleation of NAT on foreign nuclei, revealing this to be an important formation pathway for the NAT particles. In state of the art global- or regional-scale models, heterogeneous NAT nucleation is currently simulated in a very coarse manner using a constant, saturation-independent nucleation rate. Here we present first simulations for the Arctic winter 2009/2010 applying a new saturation-dependent parametrisation of heterogeneous NAT nucleation rates within the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). The simulation shows good agreement of chemical trace species with in situ and remote sensing observations. The simulated polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) optical properties agree much better with CALIOP observations than those simulated with a constant nucleation rate model. A comparison of the simulated particle size distributions with observations made using the Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) aboard the high altitude research aircraft Geophysica, shows that the model reproduces the observed size distribution, except for the very largest particles above 15 µm diameter. The vertical NOy redistribution caused by the sedimentation of the NAT particles, in particular the denitrification and nitrification signals observed by the ACE-FTS satellite instrument and the in situ SIOUX instrument aboard the Geophysica, are reproduced by the improved model, and a small improvement with respect to the constant nucleation rate model is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Hydrates
KW  - Nucleation
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Reactive nitrogen species
KW  - Saturation (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 94178321; Grooß, J. -U. 1; Email Address: j.-u.grooss@fz-juelich.de; Engel, I. 1,2; Borrmann, S. 3,4; Frey, W. 4,5; Günther, G. 1; Hoyle, C. R. 2,6; Kivi, R. 7; Luo, B. P. 2; Molleker, S. 3; Peter, T. 2; Pitts, M. C. 8; Schlager, H. 9; Stiller, G. 10; Vömel, H. 11; Walker, K. A. 12; Müller, R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany; 2: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany; 4: Abteilung Partikelchemie, Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany; 5: School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 6: Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; 7: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finnland; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 9: Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 10: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 11: Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Germany; 12: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p1055; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Hydrates; Subject Term: Nucleation; Subject Term: Nitric acid; Subject Term: Reactive nitrogen species; Subject Term: Saturation (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-1055-2014
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shin, Dong Ho
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Choi, Taejin
AU  - Noh, Young Min
AU  - Yoon, Young Jun
AU  - Lee, Kwon H.
AU  - Shin, Sung Kyun
AU  - Chae, Namyi
AU  - Kim, Kwanchul
AU  - Kim, Young J.
T1  - Influence of wind speed on optical properties of aerosols in the marine boundary layer measured by ship-borne DePolarization Lidar in the coastal area of Korea.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 83
M3  - Article
SP  - 282
EP  - 290
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Shipboard measurements of microphysical and optical properties of marine boundary-layer aerosols were performed around the Korean Peninsula from 2 to 5 December 2009. The measurements were conducted aboard the Korean icebreaking research vessel Araon during cruise tracks in the East Sea of Korea near Busan and Pohang. This paper describes the results of optical aerosol measurements acquired with a DePolarization Lidar (DPL) and an optical particle counter (OPC) and data on meteorological parameters. Backward trajectory analyses indicate that two different aerosol characteristics according to different pathways of air mass were encountered during the cruise. We find a high correlation between wind speeds across the east coast of Korea and extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio and mass concentration Correlation coefficient (R 2) are 0.57, 0.52 and 0.67, respectively. The increase of extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio and number concentration with wind speed may have been caused by the increase of sea-salt aerosol production and transport. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Wind speed
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Coasts -- Korea
KW  - Sea salt
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Marine boundary layer
N1  - Accession Number: 93270830; Shin, Dong Ho 1; Müller, Detlef 2,3; Email Address: d.mueller@herts.ac.uk; Choi, Taejin 4; Noh, Young Min 1; Yoon, Young Jun 4; Lee, Kwon H. 5; Shin, Sung Kyun 1; Chae, Namyi 4,6; Kim, Kwanchul 1; Kim, Young J. 1; Affiliations: 1: School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea; 2: University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea; 5: Department of Geoinformatics Engineering, Kyungil Univ., Gyungsan 712-701, Republic of Korea; 6: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonse-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea; Issue Info: Feb2014, Vol. 83, p282; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Wind speed; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Optical polarization; Subject Term: Coasts -- Korea; Subject Term: Sea salt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine boundary layer; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.027
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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Onset of Positional Vertigo During Exposure to Combined G Loading and Chest-to-Spine Vibration.
AU  - LISTON, DORION B.
AU  - ADELSTEIN, BERNARD D.
AU  - STONE, LELAND S.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 85
IS  - 2
SP  - 183
EP  - 186
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 94065070; Author: LISTON, DORION B.: 1 email: dorion.b.liston@nasa.gov. Author: ADELSTEIN, BERNARD D.: 1 Author: STONE, LELAND S.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; No. of Pages: 4; Language: English; Publication Type: Case Study; Update Code: 20140128
N2  - Background: Aerospace environments commonly expose pilots to vibration and sustained acceleration, alone and in combination. Case Reports: Of 16 experimental research participants, 3 reported symptoms of vertigo and signs of torsional nystagmus during or shortly following exposure to sustained chest-to-spine (+3.8 Gx) acceleration (G loading) and chest-to-spine (0.5 gx) vibration in the 8-?6 Hz band. Two of the participants reported intermittent vertigo for up to 2 wk, were diag-nosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), and were treated successfully with the Epley Maneuver. On a follow-up survey, a third participant reported transient BPPV-like vertigo, which resolved spontaneously. The follow-up survey also prompted participants to self-report other effects following research protocol exposure to vibration and G loading, revealing details about other minor and transient, but more common, effects that resolved within 3 h. Discussion: Our studies indi-cated a significantly elevated incidence of BPPV following exposure to vibration plus G loading compared to vibration alone that was positively correlated with participant age. One mechanism for the rolling sensation in BPPV involves broken or dislodged otoconia floating within one of the posterior semicircular canals, making the canal gravity-sensitive. Our ob-servations highlight a heretofore unforeseen risk of otolith damage sus-tained during launch, undetectable in space, potentially contributing to vertigo and perceived tumbling upon re-entry from microgravity. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *VERTIGO
KW  - *AVIATION medicine
KW  - *ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
KW  - *TUMBLING
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - BPPV
KW  - tumbling
KW  - wobblies
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - El-Asrag, Hossam A.
AU  - Iannetti, Anthony C.
AU  - Apte, Sourabh V.
T1  - Large eddy simulations for radiation-spray coupling for a lean direct injector combustor.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 161
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 510
EP  - 524
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Large Eddy Simulations (LESs) for a lean-direct injection (LDI) combustor are performed and compared with experimental data. The LDI emissions characteristics, and radiation-spray coupling effect on the predictions are analyzed. The flamelet progress variable approach is employed for chemistry tabulation coupled with a stochastic secondary breakup model. Good comparisons are shown with the experimental data mean and root mean square for both the gas phase and spray droplets profiles. The effect of combustion is found to change the shape and structure of the central recirculation zone to be more compact in length but larger in diameter in the transverse direction. In-addition the results show that the gas phase radiation alters the spray dynamics by changing the local gas-phase temperature distribution. This impacts the spray evaporation rate, the local mixture fraction, and consequently the combustion heat released rate and the predicted emissions. The simulation with no radiation modeling shows over prediction in the temperature distribution, pollutants emissions, higher fuel evaporation rate, and narrower range of droplet size distribution with lower number density for the smaller size particles. The current study suggests that, even for low pressure systems, radiation modeling can be important for accurate emissions prediction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Combustion chambers
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Evaporation (Chemistry)
KW  - Large eddy simulation models
KW  - Temperature distribution
KW  - Gas phase reactions
KW  - Large eddy simulation
KW  - Lean direct injection
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Spray modeling
KW  - Stochastic secondary breakup
KW  - Turbulent flames
N1  - Accession Number: 93267599; El-Asrag, Hossam A. 1; Email Address: hossam.elasrag@ansys.com; Iannetti, Anthony C. 2; Apte, Sourabh V. 3; Affiliations: 1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3: Mechanical Engineering Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Issue Info: Feb2014, Vol. 161 Issue 2, p510; Thesaurus Term: Combustion chambers; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Evaporation (Chemistry); Subject Term: Large eddy simulation models; Subject Term: Temperature distribution; Subject Term: Gas phase reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lean direct injection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spray modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic secondary breakup; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulent flames; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shupe, John
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Modeling Discharge Rates Using a Coupled Modeled Approach for the Merced River in Yosemite National Park.
JO  - Journal of the American Water Resources Association
JF  - Journal of the American Water Resources Association
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 162
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 1093474X
AB  - This study describes the application of the NASA version of the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach ( CASA) ecosystem model coupled with a surface hydrologic routing scheme previously called the Hydrological Routing Algorithm ( HYDRA) to model monthly discharge rates from 2000 to 2007 on the Merced River drainage in Yosemite National Park, California. To assess CASA- HYDRA's capability to estimate actual water flows in extreme precipitation years, the focus of this study is the 2007 water year, which was very dry, and the 2005 water year, which was a moderately wet year in the historical record. Prior to comparisons to gauge records, CASA- HYDRA snowmelt algorithms were modified with equations from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Snowmelt-Runoff Model ( SRM), which has been designed to predict daily streamflow in mountain basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor. Results show that model predictions closely matched monthly flow rates at the Pohono Bridge gauge station (USGS#11266500), with R2 = 0.67 and Nash-Sutcliffe ( E) = 0.65. By subdividing the upper Merced River basin into subbasins with high spatial resolution in the gridded modeling approach, we were able to determine which biophysical characteristics in the Sierra differed to the largest degree in extreme low-flow and high-flow years. Average elevation and snowpack accumulation were found to be the most important explanatory variables to understand subbasin contributions to monthly discharge rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Water Resources Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Snowmelt
KW  - Droughts
KW  - Ecosystem dynamics
KW  - Floods -- California
KW  - Merced River Watershed (Calif.)
KW  - Yosemite National Park (Calif.)
KW  - drought
KW  - flooding
KW  - Merced River
KW  - simulation
KW  - snowmelt
KW  - surface water hydrology
KW  - water discharge rates
KW  - Yosemite National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 94253836; Shupe, John 1; Potter, Christopher 2; Affiliations: 1: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay; 2: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Feb2014, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p153; Thesaurus Term: Hydrology; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Snowmelt; Thesaurus Term: Droughts; Subject Term: Ecosystem dynamics; Subject Term: Floods -- California; Subject: Merced River Watershed (Calif.); Subject: Yosemite National Park (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: flooding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Merced River; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: snowmelt; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface water hydrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: water discharge rates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yosemite National Park; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jawr.12124
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seidel, Dian J.
AU  - Feingold, Graham
AU  - Jacobson, Andrew R.
AU  - Loeb, Norman
T1  - Detection limits of albedo changes induced by climate engineering.
JO  - Nature Climate Change
JF  - Nature Climate Change
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 98
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 1758678X
AB  - A key question surrounding proposals for climate engineering by increasing Earth's reflection of sunlight is the feasibility of detecting engineered albedo increases from short-duration experiments or prolonged implementation of solar-radiation management. We show that satellite observations permit detection of large increases, but interannual variability overwhelms the maximum conceivable albedo increases for some schemes. Detection of an abrupt global average albedo increase <0.002 (comparable to a ∼0.7 W m−2 reduction in radiative forcing) would be unlikely within a year, given a five-year prior record. A three-month experiment in the equatorial zone (5° N-5° S), a potential target for stratospheric aerosol injection, would need to cause an ∼0.03 albedo increase, three times larger than that due to the Mount Pinatubo eruption, to be detected. Detection limits for three-month experiments in 1° (latitude and longitude) regions of the subtropical Pacific, possible targets for cloud brightening, are ∼0.2, which is larger than might be expected from some model simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Climate Change is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Environmental engineering
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Astrophysical radiation
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 100251018; Seidel, Dian J. 1; Feingold, Graham 2; Jacobson, Andrew R. 3; Loeb, Norman 4; Affiliations: 1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Air Resources Laboratory, R/ARL, NCWCP, Room 4251, 5830 University Research Court, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA; 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division (R/CSD2), 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA; 3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory and University of Colorado, Global Monitoring Division, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: Feb2014, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p93; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Environmental engineering; Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Astrophysical radiation; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nclimate2076
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104006531
T1  - The past, present, and future of National Aeronautics and Space Administration spaceflight diet in support of microgravity rodent experiments.
AU  - Gwo-Shing Sun
AU  - Tou, Janet C.
AU  - Yu, Diane
AU  - Girten, Beverly E.
AU  - Cohen, Jacob
Y1  - 2014/02//
N1  - Accession Number: 104006531. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140129. Revision Date: 20150820. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Nutrition. NLM UID: 8802712. 
KW  - Diet -- Evaluation
KW  - Government Agencies
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Aerospace Medicine
KW  - Rodents
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Models, Biological
KW  - Animals, Laboratory
KW  - Gravity, Altered
KW  - Soybeans
KW  - Wheat -- Administration and Dosage
KW  - Cellulose
KW  - Vitamins
KW  - Food Intake -- Evaluation
SP  - 125
EP  - 130
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
JA  - NUTRITION
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
CY  - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PB  - Elsevier Inc.
AB  - Rodents have been the most frequently flown animal model used to study physiological responses to the space environment. In support of future of space exploration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) envisions an animal research program focused on rodents. Therefore, the development of a rodent diet that is suitable for the spaceflight environment including long duration spaceflight is a high priority. Recognizing the importance of nutrition in affecting spaceflight physiological responses and ensuring reliable biomedical and biological science return, NASA developed the nutrient-upgraded rodent food bar (NuRFB) as a standard diet for rodent spaceflight. Depending on future animal habitat hardware and planned spaceflight experiments, modification of the NuRFB or development of a new diet formulation may be needed, particularly for long term spaceflights. Research in this area consists primarily of internal technical reports that are not readily accessible. Therefore, the aims of this contribution are to provide a brief history of the development of rodent spaceflight diets, to review the present diet used in rodent spaceflight studies, and to discuss some of the challenges and potential solutions for diets to be used in future long-term rodent spaceflight studies.
SN  - 0899-9007
AD  - Lockheed Martin Exploration and Science, Moffett Field, CA, USA
AD  - Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
AD  - ASRC Research and Technology Solutions, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
U2  - PMID: 24012282.
DO  - 10.1016/j.nut.2013.04.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brady, Allyson L.
AU  - Laval, Bernard
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.S.
AU  - Slater, Greg F.
T1  - Autotrophic and heterotrophic associated biosignatures in modern freshwater microbialites over seasonal and spatial gradients.
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 67
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 18
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Highlights: [•] Isotopic biosignatures in modern freshwater microbialites were determined. [•] Microbial biomass increased in summer and was generally greatest at shallow depth. [•] Enriched δ13Ccarb values in shallow microbialites were due to photosynthetic effects. [•] Microbialite phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles varied vs. deep depth and colour transition. [•] PLFA 13C values may be used to distinguish autotrophic and heterotrophic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Freshwater ecology
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Fatty acids
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Phospholipids
KW  - Carboxylic acids
N1  - Accession Number: 94155346; Brady, Allyson L. 1; Laval, Bernard 2; Lim, Darlene S.S. 3,4; Slater, Greg F. 1; Email Address: gslater@mcmaster.ca; Affiliations: 1: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada; 2: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2002-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada; 3: Mail-Stop 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: SETI Institute, 189N Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Issue Info: Feb2014, Vol. 67, p8; Thesaurus Term: Freshwater ecology; Thesaurus Term: Microbiology; Thesaurus Term: Fatty acids; Thesaurus Term: Environmental sciences; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Subject Term: Phospholipids; Subject Term: Carboxylic acids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pellicer, X.M.
AU  - Linares, R.
AU  - Gutiérrez, F.
AU  - Comas, X.
AU  - Roqué, C.
AU  - Carbonel, D.
AU  - Zarroca, M.
AU  - Rodríguez, J.A.P.
T1  - Morpho-stratigraphic characterization of a tufa mound complex in the Spanish Pyrenees using ground penetrating radar and trenching, implications for studies in Mars.
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2014/02/15/
VL  - 388
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 210
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: The Isona tufa mound complex (ITMC), associated with artesian springs of the Areny-Montsec aquifer, Spanish Pyrenees, is a potential analog for water constructed landforms on Mars. We used Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), trenching, sedimentological description of exposures, and radiocarbon and U-series dating methods for the geological characterization of the ITMC. Preliminary geomorphological mapping combined with sedimentological analyses permitted the recognition of the different facies and their spatial distribution. GPR surveys conducted next to an outcrop and a trench provided electromagnetic wave velocity in tufas (0.09 and 0.11 m ns−1) and determined the correspondence of the radar signatures with facies types. This was used to reconstruct the tufas internal structure and the depositional stages for two different contexts: (1) an upper unit representing the morpho-stratigraphic record of paleosprings – Tufa 1 – composed of relict tufa mounds older than 350 ka BP; and (2) a lower unit – Tufa 3 – associated with groundwater aquifer outlets (Basturs Lakes). The GPR data allowed depicting the signatures for the vent, pool, rimstone, palustrine, dam, cascade and slope facies. A relationship was inferred between the age of the tufas and the radar signature, in terms of relative amplitude and signal attenuation. Older dry tufas with advanced diagenesis and karstification are characterized by well-defined GPR reflectors and lower attenuation than younger tufas, associated with aquifer discharge and shallower water tables. U-series and radiocarbon ages obtained from the Basturs Lakes tufas indicate that these have been active since 106 ka BP during both cold and mild Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS). We hypothesize that tufas related to the deep-seated Areny-Montsec confined karst aquifer were insensitive to climate variations. Landforms reminiscent of the ITMC have been detected during the last decade on Mars. Since GPR will be part of the ExoMars Rover of the European Space Agency (ESA) mission projected for 2018, we anticipate that our results may be able to constrain the interpretation of landforms possibly related to water on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratigraphic geology
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Tufas
KW  - Mounds (Archaeology)
KW  - Ground penetrating radar
KW  - Trenching machinery
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Pyrenees
KW  - geochronology
KW  - GPR
KW  - ITMC
KW  - Mars
KW  - trenching
KW  - tufa mound
N1  - Accession Number: 93701278; Pellicer, X.M. 1; Linares, R. 2; Gutiérrez, F. 3; Comas, X. 4; Roqué, C. 5; Carbonel, D. 3; Zarroca, M. 2; Rodríguez, J.A.P. 6; Affiliations: 1: Geological Survey of Ireland, Beggars Bush, Haddington Road, Dublin 4, Ireland; 2: Departamento de Geología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; 3: Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio Geologicas, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, Spain; 4: Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA; 5: Àrea de Geodinàmica Externa i Geomorfologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Feb2014, Vol. 388, p197; Thesaurus Term: Stratigraphic geology; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Tufas; Subject Term: Mounds (Archaeology); Subject Term: Ground penetrating radar; Subject Term: Trenching machinery; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Pyrenees; Author-Supplied Keyword: geochronology; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPR; Author-Supplied Keyword: ITMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: trenching; Author-Supplied Keyword: tufa mound; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333120 Construction Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212312 Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.052
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, Hao
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Stehr, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Arkinson, Heather L.
AU  - Brent, Lacey C.
AU  - Follette-Cook, Melanie B.
AU  - Tzortziou, Maria A.
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Thompson, Anne M.
AU  - Martins, Douglas K.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
AU  - Lee, Pius
AU  - Hains, Jennifer C.
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - An elevated reservoir of air pollutants over the Mid-Atlantic States during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ campaign: Airborne measurements and numerical simulations.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 30
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: During a classic heat wave with record high temperatures and poor air quality from July 18 to 23, 2011, an elevated reservoir of air pollutants was observed over and downwind of Baltimore, MD, with relatively clean conditions near the surface. Aircraft and ozonesonde measurements detected ∼120 ppbv ozone at 800 m altitude, but ∼80 ppbv ozone near the surface. High concentrations of other pollutants were also observed around the ozone peak: ∼300 ppbv CO at 1200 m, ∼2 ppbv NO2 at 800 m, ∼5 ppbv SO2 at 600 m, and strong aerosol optical scattering (2 × 10−4 m−1) at 600 m. These results suggest that the elevated reservoir is a mixture of automobile exhaust (high concentrations of O3, CO, and NO2) and power plant emissions (high SO2 and aerosols). Back trajectory calculations show a local stagnation event before the formation of this elevated reservoir. Forward trajectories suggest an influence on downwind air quality, supported by surface ozone observations on the next day over the downwind PA, NJ and NY area. Meteorological observations from aircraft and ozonesondes show a dramatic veering of wind direction from south to north within the lowest 5000 m, implying that the development of the elevated reservoir was caused in part by the Chesapeake Bay breeze. Based on in situ observations, CMAQ forecast simulations with 12 km resolution overestimated surface ozone concentrations and failed to predict this elevated reservoir; however, CMAQ research simulations with 4 km and 1.33 km resolution more successfully reproduced this event. These results show that high resolution is essential for resolving coastal effects and predicting air quality for cities near major bodies of water such as Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay and downwind areas in the Northeast. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air pollutants
KW  - Reservoirs
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Heat waves (Meteorology)
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Ozonesondes
KW  - Middle Atlantic States
KW  - Baltimore (Md.)
KW  - Bay Breeze
KW  - CMAQ simulations
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ campaign
N1  - Accession Number: 94052245; He, Hao 1,2; Email Address: hhe@atmos.umd.edu; Loughner, Christopher P. 1,3; Stehr, Jeffrey W. 2; Arkinson, Heather L. 2; Brent, Lacey C. 4; Follette-Cook, Melanie B. 5,6; Tzortziou, Maria A. 1,3; Pickering, Kenneth E. 3; Thompson, Anne M. 3,7; Martins, Douglas K. 7; Diskin, Glenn S. 8; Anderson, Bruce E. 8; Crawford, James H. 8; Weinheimer, Andrew J. 9; Lee, Pius 10; Hains, Jennifer C. 11; Dickerson, Russell R. 1,2,4; Affiliations: 1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; 5: Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA; 6: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21004, USA; 7: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 9: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 10: NOAA Air Resource Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740, USA; 11: Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD 21230, USA; Issue Info: Mar2014, Vol. 85, p18; Thesaurus Term: Air pollutants; Thesaurus Term: Reservoirs; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Heat waves (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Computer simulation; Subject Term: Ozonesondes; Subject: Middle Atlantic States; Subject: Baltimore (Md.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bay Breeze; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAQ simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ campaign; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.039
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=94052245&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Chao
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Kohlman, Lee W.
T1  - Meso-scale failure modeling of single layer triaxial braided composite using finite element method.
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 58
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 46
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - In this study, a meso-scale finite element (FE) model of a triaxial braided composite is generated based on realistic unit cell dimensions and fiber bundle geometry parameters. Micromechanical finite element models were developed to predict the elastic and strength properties of each fiber bundle. These details are then applied in a 14 unit cells meso-mechanical finite element model for a 0°/+60°/−60° triaxially braided T700s/E862 carbon/epoxy composite. Simulations of the axial tension and transverse tension response of a straight-sided, single layer coupon are conducted using this meso-scale model, and the predictions are compared to experimental results. By applying a periodic boundary condition in the loading direction and an accurate number of unit cells perpendicular to the free edge, the meso-scale model captures the local damage initiation and global failure behavior, as well as the periodic free edge distortion effect. The failure mechanisms are studied using the field strain and stress contours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs)
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - C. Damage mechanics
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
N1  - Accession Number: 94052279; Zhang, Chao 1; Email Address: cz14@zips.uakron.edu; Binienda, Wieslaw K. 1; Goldberg, Robert K. 2; Kohlman, Lee W. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Mar2014, Vol. 58, p36; Thesaurus Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Thesaurus Term: FINITE element method; Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.11.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=94052279&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooke, Roger
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce
AU  - Young, David
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin
T1  - Value of information for climate observing systems.
JO  - Environment Systems & Decisions
JF  - Environment Systems & Decisions
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 109
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 21945403
AB  - The Interagency Working Group Memo on the social cost of carbon is used to compute the value of information (VOI) of climate observing systems. A generic decision context is posited in which society switches from a business as usual (BAU) emissions path to a reduced emissions path upon achieving sufficient confidence that a trigger variable exceeds a stipulated critical value. Using assessments of natural variability and uncertainty of measuring instruments, it is possible to compute the time at which the required confidence would be reached under the current and under a new observing system, if indeed the critical value is reached. Economic damages (worldwide) from carbon emissions are computed with an integrated assessment model. The more accurate observing system acquires the required confidence earlier and switches sooner to the reduced emissions path, thereby avoiding more damages which would otherwise be incurred by BAU emissions. The difference in expected net present value of averted damages under the two observing systems is the VOI of the new observing system relative to the existing system. As illustration, the VOI for the proposed space-borne CLARREO system relative to current space-borne systems is computed. Depending on details of the decision context, the VOI ranges from 2 to 30 trillion US dollars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environment Systems & Decisions is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Climatology -- Observations
KW  - Carbon -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Externalities (Economics)
KW  - CLARREO
KW  - Climate observing system
KW  - DICE
KW  - Social cost of carbon
KW  - Value of information
N1  - Accession Number: 94629182; Cooke, Roger 1; Email Address: Cooke@rff.org; Wielicki, Bruce 2; Young, David 2; Mlynczak, Martin 2; Affiliations: 1: Resources for the Future, Washington USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA; Issue Info: Mar2014, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p98; Thesaurus Term: Geographic information systems; Thesaurus Term: Climatology -- Observations; Thesaurus Term: Carbon -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Externalities (Economics); Author-Supplied Keyword: CLARREO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate observing system; Author-Supplied Keyword: DICE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social cost of carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Value of information; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10669-013-9451-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=94629182&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104027364
T1  - Blood pressure regulation IV: adaptive responses to weightlessness.
AU  - Norsk, Peter
Y1  - 2014/03//
N1  - Accession Number: 104027364. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141031. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; review. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. NLM UID: 100954790. 
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological -- Physiology
KW  - Blood Pressure -- Physiology
KW  - Baroreflex -- Physiology
KW  - Sympathetic Nervous System -- Physiology
KW  - Weightlessness
SP  - 481
EP  - 497
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JA  - EUR J APPL PHYSIOL
VL  - 114
IS  - 3
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1439-6319
AD  - Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Houston, USA, peter.norsk@nasa.gov.
U2  - PMID: 24390686.
DO  - 10.1007/s00421-013-2797-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104027364&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 104027357
T1  - Gradient compression garments protect against orthostatic intolerance during recovery from bed rest.
AU  - Stenger, Michael B
AU  - Lee, Stuart M C
AU  - Ribeiro, L Christine
AU  - Phillips, Tiffany R
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert J
AU  - Willig, Michael C
AU  - Westby, Christian M
AU  - Platts, Steven H
Y1  - 2014/03//
N1  - Accession Number: 104027357. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141031. Revision Date: 20161117. Publication Type: journal article; research. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. Grant Information: UL1 RR029876/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/United States. NLM UID: 100954790. 
KW  - Bandages and Dressings
KW  - Orthostatic Intolerance -- Physiopathology
KW  - Adult
KW  - Bed Rest -- Methods
KW  - Blood Pressure -- Physiology
KW  - Cardiac Output -- Physiology
KW  - Female
KW  - Head-Down Tilt
KW  - Heart Rate -- Physiology
KW  - Male
KW  - Stroke Volume -- Physiology
SP  - 597
EP  - 608
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JA  - EUR J APPL PHYSIOL
VL  - 114
IS  - 3
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
AB  - Introduction: Abdomen-high, lower body graded compression garments (GCGs) may represent the next-generation of orthostatic intolerance protection with applications for exploration missions and commercial space flight.Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of the GCG to prevent orthostatic intolerance after a 14-day 6° head-down tilt bed rest (BR) and to determine whether wearing thigh-high compression garments impairs recovery from BR.Methods: Sixteen (12 M, 4 F) subjects participated in a 15-min 80° head-up tilt test 5 day before BR (BR-5), on the last morning of BR (BR+0), and on day 1 (BR+1) and 3 after BR (BR+3). No subjects wore the GCG on BR-5, and all subjects wore the GCG during testing on BR+0. Control subjects (n = 8) wore the GCG only through testing on BR+0. Treatment subjects (n = 8) wore the GCG on BR+0 and thigh-high garments on BR+1 and BR+2.Results: No subjects were presyncopal during tilt on BR+0 while wearing the GCG. Despite lower plasma volume index (BR-5: 1.52 ± 0.06, BR+0: 1.32 ± 0.05 l/m(2)), the tilt-induced increase in heart rate (ΔHR, 17 ± 2 bpm) and decrease in stroke volume (ΔSV, -28 ± 3 ml) on BR+0 were less than on BR-5 (24 ± 2 bpm, -43 ± 4 ml). On BR+1 ΔHR in the control group (33 ± 4 bpm) was higher than in the treatment group (23 ± 2 bpm) but there were no group differences on BR+3.Conclusions: Wearing the GCG prevented the orthostatic intolerance that is normally present after BR. Thigh-high garments provided protection after BR, and wearing these garments did not impair recovery.
SN  - 1439-6319
AD  - Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, 1290 Hercules Ave, Houston, TX, 77058, USA, michael.b.stenger@nasa.gov.
U2  - PMID: 24337701.
DO  - 10.1007/s00421-013-2787-4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=104027357&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cure, David
AU  - Weller, Thomas M.
AU  - Price, Tony
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Van Keuls, Frederick W.
T1  - Low-Profile Tunable Dipole Antenna Using Barium Strontium Titanate Varactors.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2014/03//
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 62
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1185
EP  - 1193
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - In this paper, a 2.4 GHz low-profile dipole antenna that uses a frequency-selective surface (FSS) with interdigital barium strontium titanate (BST) varactor-tuned unit cells is presented. The tunable unit cell is a square patch with a small aperture on either side to accommodate the BST devices. The Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 varactors were fabricated on alumina substrates and demonstrate capacitance tuning of 1.5:1 (33%) at 90 V. The varactor chips were placed only along one dimension of the FSS to avoid the use of vias and simplify the dc-bias network. The measured data of the antenna demonstrate tunability from 2.23 to 2.55 GHz with a peak gain at broadside that ranges from 3 to 3.7 dBi, and instantaneous bandwidths of 50 to 160 MHz within the tuning range. The total antenna thickness is approximately \lambda/47. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIPOLE antennas -- Research
KW  - BARIUM strontium titanate
KW  - BENZOCYCLOBUTENE -- Research
KW  - FREQUENCY selective surfaces -- Research
KW  - VARACTORS -- Research
KW  - TITANATES -- Research
KW  - CAPACITORS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 94764010; Source Information: Mar2014, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p1185; Subject Term: DIPOLE antennas -- Research; Subject Term: BARIUM strontium titanate; Subject Term: BENZOCYCLOBUTENE -- Research; Subject Term: FREQUENCY selective surfaces -- Research; Subject Term: VARACTORS -- Research; Subject Term: TITANATES -- Research; Subject Term: CAPACITORS -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2013.2294191
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=94764010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenwood, Eric
AU  - Schmitz, Fredric H.
T1  - Separation of Main and Tail Rotor Noise from Ground-Based Acoustic Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/03//Mar/Apr2014
Y1  - 2014/03//Mar/Apr2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 464
EP  - 472
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A new method of characterizing the external noise radiation of rotorcraft is presented, making use of ground-based acoustic measurements. The method employs time-domain de-Dopplerization to transform the acoustic pressure time-history data collected from a fixed array of ground-based microphones to the equivalent time-history signals observed by an array of virtual in-flight microphones traveling with the helicopter. The now-stationary signals observed by the virtual microphones are then periodically averaged with the main and tail rotor blade passages, which are inferred from the acoustic signals using wavelet analysis. The averaging process suppresses noise that is not periodic with the respective rotor, allowing for the separation of main and tail rotor pressure time histories. The averaged measurements are then interpolated across the range of directivity angles captured by the microphone array in order to generate separate acoustic hemispheres for the main and tail rotor noise sources. This method facilitates a more direct comparison of ground-based noise measurements of rotorcraft with theoretical predictions and wind tunnel measurements of isolated rotors. The new method is successfully applied to ground-based microphone measurements of a Bell 206B3 helicopter and demonstrates the strong directivity characteristics of harmonic noise radiation from both the main and tail rotors of that helicopter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Noise
N1  - Accession Number: 95543450; Source Information: Mar/Apr2014, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p464; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Noise; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032046
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=95543450&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rallabhandi, Sriram K.
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Diskin, Boris
T1  - Sonic-Boom Mitigation Through Aircraft Design and Adjoint Methodology.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/03//Mar/Apr2014
Y1  - 2014/03//Mar/Apr2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 502
EP  - 510
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents a novel approach to design of the supersonic aircraft outer mold line by optimizing a A-weighted loudness-based objective of the sonic-boom signature predicted on the ground. The optimization process uses the sensitivity information obtained by coupling the discrete adjoint formulations for the augmented Burgers equation and computational-fluid-dynamics equations. This coupled formulation links the loudness of the ground boom signature to the aircraft geometry, thus allowing efficient shape optimization for the purpose of minimizing the loudness. The accuracy of the adjoint-based sensitivities is verified against sensitivities obtained using an independent complex-variable approach. The adjoint-based optimization methodology is applied to a configuration previously optimized using alternative state-of-the-art optimization methods and produces additional loudness reduction. The results of the optimizations are reported and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes -- Research
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - BURGERS' equation
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - LOUDNESS
N1  - Accession Number: 95543453; Source Information: Mar/Apr2014, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p502; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes -- Research; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: BURGERS' equation; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: LOUDNESS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032189
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=95543453&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gao, R.
AU  - Rosenlof, K.
AU  - Fahey, D.
AU  - Wennberg, P.
AU  - Hintsa, E.
AU  - Hanisco, T.
T1  - OH in the tropical upper troposphere and its relationships to solar radiation and reactive nitrogen.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 64
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - In situ measurements of [OH], [HO] (square brackets denote species concentrations), and other chemical species were made in the tropical upper troposphere (TUT). [OH] showed a robust correlation with solar zenith angle. Beyond this dependence, however, [OH] did not correlate to its primary source, the product of [O] and [HO] ([O]•[HO]), or its sink [NO]. This suggests that [OH] is heavily buffered in the TUT. One important exception to this result is found in regions with very low [O], [NO], and [NO]. Under these conditions, [OH] is highly suppressed, pointing to the critical role of NO in sustaining OH in the TUT and the possibility of low [OH] over the western Pacific warm pool due to strong marine convections bringing NO-poor air to the TUT. In contrast to [OH], [HO] ([OH] + [HO]) correlated reasonably well with [O]•[HO]/[NO], suggesting that [O]•[HO] and [NO] are the significant source and sink, respectively, of [HO]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Air
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Reactive nitrogen species
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - In situ
KW  - OH
KW  - STRAT
KW  - Tropical upper troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 96839383; Gao, R. 1; Email Address: RuShan.Gao@noaa.gov; Rosenlof, K. 1; Fahey, D.; Wennberg, P. 2; Hintsa, E.; Hanisco, T. 3; Affiliations: 1: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder 80305 USA; 2: Divisions of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125 USA; 3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt USA; Issue Info: Mar2014, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p55; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Air; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Reactive nitrogen species; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ; Author-Supplied Keyword: OH; Author-Supplied Keyword: STRAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical upper troposphere; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-014-9280-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=96839383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harpold, A. A.
AU  - Guo, Q.
AU  - Molotch, N.
AU  - Brooks, P. D.
AU  - Bales, R.
AU  - Fernandez-Diaz, J. C.
AU  - Musselman, K. N.
AU  - Swetnam, T. L.
AU  - Kirchner, P.
AU  - Meadows, M. W.
AU  - Flanagan, J.
AU  - Lucas, R.
T1  - LiDAR-derived snowpack data sets from mixed conifer forests across the Western United States.
JO  - Water Resources Research
JF  - Water Resources Research
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2749
EP  - 2755
SN  - 00431397
AB  - Airborne-based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) offers the potential to measure snow depth and vegetation structure at high spatial resolution over large extents and thereby increase our ability to quantify snow water resources. Here we present airborne LiDAR data products at four Critical Zone Observatories (CZO) in the Western United States: Jemez River Basin, NM, Boulder Creek Watershed, CO, Kings River Experimental Watershed, CA, and Wolverton Basin, CA. We make publicly available snow depth data products (1 m2 resolution) derived from LiDAR with an estimated accuracy of <30 cm compared to limited in situ snow depth observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Water Resources Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Snow -- Measurement
KW  - Vegetation & climate
KW  - Water supply
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - airborne LIDAR
KW  - critical zone observatory
KW  - snow-vegetation interactions
KW  - snowpack
N1  - Accession Number: 95483941; Harpold, A. A. 1; Guo, Q. 2; Molotch, N. 1,3; Brooks, P. D. 4; Bales, R. 2; Fernandez-Diaz, J. C. 5; Musselman, K. N. 6,7; Swetnam, T. L. 8; Kirchner, P. 2,9; Meadows, M. W. 2; Flanagan, J. 2; Lucas, R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research University of Colorado; 2: Sierra Nevada Research Institute University of California Merced; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 4: Hydrology and Water Resources University of Arizona; 5: National Center for Airborne Laser Mapping; 6: Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California; 7: Now at Centre for Hydrology University of Saskatchewan; 8: School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Arizona; 9: Now at Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering University of California; Issue Info: Mar2014, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p2749; Thesaurus Term: Snow -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation & climate; Thesaurus Term: Water supply; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Author-Supplied Keyword: airborne LIDAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: critical zone observatory; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow-vegetation interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: snowpack; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/2013WR013935
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, Hao
AU  - Brolly, Matthew
AU  - Zhao, Feng
AU  - Strahler, Alan H.
AU  - Schaaf, Crystal L.
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Zhang, Gong
AU  - Dubayah, Ralph
T1  - Deriving and validating Leaf Area Index (LAI) at multiple spatial scales through lidar remote sensing: A case study in Sierra National Forest, CA.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/03/05/
VL  - 143
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 141
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Increasing the accuracy and spatial coverage of Leaf Area Index (LAI) values is an important part of any attempt to successfully model global atmosphere/biosphere interactions. It is further a fundamental parameter in land surface processes and Earth system climate models. Remote sensing methods offer an opportunity to improve on each of these requirements but are typically limited by the necessity for validation using labor intensive and sparsely collected in situ measurements. In this paper we present the results of an intercomparative study of ground-based, airborne and spaceborne retrievals of total LAI over the conifer-dominated forests of Sierra Nevada in California. The efficacy of LVIS (Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor) airborne waveform lidar LAI measurements (total and vertical profile) has previously been validated at the site specific level using destructive sampling. We also explore the efficacy of ground based measurements obtained from hemispherical photography, LAI-2000, and ground based lidar, acknowledging discrepancies existing between the systems and collected data. We highlight their use and role in validating the relationship between ground and airborne estimates of total LAI (LVIS LAI correlation with i) hemispherical photographs, r 2 =0.80, ii) LAI-2000, r 2 =0.85, and iii) terrestrial lidar, r 2 =0.76. The existence of such relationships offers immediate implications for LAI estimation where LVIS data is available, creating the potential to obtain, not only total LAI values but also corresponding vertical LAI distributions from a ground validated source previously unobtainable at this spatial scale. The ability to validate airborne lidar LAI data collected at different spatial scales to the available ground measurements allows further upscaled validation using global lidar datasets provided by spaceborne lidar, such as the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). In the absence of adequate ground validation plots coincident with GLAS footprints, GLAS LAI validation is examined using geographically limited but spatially continuous LVIS data. Under favorable conditions, significantly the absence of slopes greater than ~20°, the comparison between LVIS and GLAS LAI values obtained using a recursive algorithm constrained by independently validated LAI limits exposes the capability of GLAS as an accurate standalone LAI sensor (r 2 =0.69, bias=−0.05 and RMSE=0.33). The correlation comparison between LVIS and GLAS LAI estimates not only significantly exceed those associated with equivalent space borne passive remote sensing datasets, such as MODIS (r 2 =0.20, bias=−0.16 and RMSE=0.67) but also offers significant advantages to future research including the prospective validation of regional and global LAI products and data comparison with ecosystem model inputs. The encountered effectiveness of these relationships allows the implementation of a scaling-up strategy where ground-based LAI observations are related to aircraft observations of LAI, which in turn are used to validate GLAS LAI derived from coincident data. Successful implementation of this strategy paves the way for the future recovery of vertical LAI profiles on a global scale and opens up the potential for fusion studies to incorporate widely available and spatially abundant passive optical datasets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Spatial analysis (Statistics)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Case study (Research)
KW  - Sierra National Forest (Calif.)
KW  - Echidna
KW  - GLAS
KW  - LAI
KW  - Lidar
KW  - LVIS
KW  - Sierra National Forest
N1  - Accession Number: 94409095; Tang, Hao 1; Brolly, Matthew 1; Zhao, Feng 1,2; Strahler, Alan H. 2; Schaaf, Crystal L. 2,3; Ganguly, Sangram 4,5; Zhang, Gong 4,5; Dubayah, Ralph 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, MD, United States; 2: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, MA, United States; 3: School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA, United States; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, West Sonoma, CA, United States; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Issue Info: Mar2014, Vol. 143, p131; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Leaf area index; Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Case study (Research); Subject: Sierra National Forest (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Echidna; Author-Supplied Keyword: GLAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: LVIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sierra National Forest; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2013.12.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakai, Nami
AU  - Sakai, Takeshi
AU  - Hirota, Tomoya
AU  - Watanabe, Yoshimasa
AU  - Ceccarelli, Cecilia
AU  - Kahane, Claudine
AU  - Bottinelli, Sandrine
AU  - Caux, Emmanuel
AU  - Demyk, Karine
AU  - Vastel, Charlotte
AU  - Coutens, Audrey
AU  - Taquet, Vianney
AU  - Ohashi, Nagayoshi
AU  - Takakuwa, Shigehisa
AU  - Yen, Hsi-Wei
AU  - Aikawa, Yuri
AU  - Yamamoto, Satoshi
T1  - Change in the chemical composition of infalling gas forming a disk around a protostar.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2014/03/06/
VL  - 507
IS  - 7490
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
EP  - 80
SN  - 00280836
AB  - IRAS 04368+2557 is a solar-type (low-mass) protostar embedded in a protostellar core (L1527) in the Taurus molecular cloud, which is only 140 parsecs away from Earth, making it the closest large star-forming region. The protostellar envelope has a flattened shape with a diameter of a thousand astronomical units (1 au is the distance from Earth to the Sun), and is infalling and rotating. It also has a protostellar disk with a radius of 90 au (ref. 6), from which a planetary system is expected to form. The interstellar gas, mainly consisting of hydrogen molecules, undergoes a change in density of about three orders of magnitude as it collapses from the envelope into the disk, while being heated from 10 kelvin to over 100 kelvin in the mid-plane, but it has hitherto not been possible to explore changes in chemical composition associated with this collapse. Here we report that the unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule cyclic-C3H2 resides in the infalling rotating envelope, whereas sulphur monoxide (SO) is enhanced in the transition zone at the radius of the centrifugal barrier (100 ± 20 au), which is the radius at which the kinetic energy of the infalling gas is converted to rotational energy. Such a drastic change in chemistry at the centrifugal barrier was not anticipated, but is probably caused by the discontinuous infalling motion at the centrifugal barrier and local heating processes there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Protostars
KW  - Molecular clouds
KW  - Taurus (Astrology)
KW  - Hydrocarbons -- Analysis
KW  - Centrifugal pumps
KW  - Hydrogen molecular ion clusters
N1  - Accession Number: 94800608; Sakai, Nami 1; Sakai, Takeshi 2; Hirota, Tomoya 3; Watanabe, Yoshimasa 1; Ceccarelli, Cecilia 4; Kahane, Claudine 4; Bottinelli, Sandrine 5; Caux, Emmanuel 5; Demyk, Karine 5; Vastel, Charlotte 5; Coutens, Audrey 6; Taquet, Vianney 7; Ohashi, Nagayoshi 8; Takakuwa, Shigehisa 9; Yen, Hsi-Wei 10; Aikawa, Yuri 11; Yamamoto, Satoshi 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; 2: Department of Communication Engineering and Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; 3: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; 4: Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; 5: 1] Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (UPS-OMP), Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAP, 9 Avenue Colonel Roche, BP 44346, Toulouse 31028 Cedex 4, France; 6: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen 2100 Østerbro, Denmark [2] Centre for Star and Planet Formation and Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350 K, Denmark; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Astrochemistry Laboratory, Mail Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 8: 1] Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, PO Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [2] Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A′ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA; 9: Institute of Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; 10: 1] Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, PO Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [2] Institute of Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; 11: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Issue Info: 3/6/2014, Vol. 507 Issue 7490, p78; Subject Term: Protostars; Subject Term: Molecular clouds; Subject Term: Taurus (Astrology); Subject Term: Hydrocarbons -- Analysis; Subject Term: Centrifugal pumps; Subject Term: Hydrogen molecular ion clusters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333910 Pump and compressor manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333911 Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature13000
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bourassa, A. E.
AU  - Degenstein, D. A.
AU  - Randel, W. J.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Kyrölä, E.
AU  - McLinden, C. A.
AU  - Sioris, C. E.
AU  - Roth, C. Z.
T1  - Trends in stratospheric ozone derived from merged SAGE II and Odin-OSIRIS satellite observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/03/15/
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 7113
EP  - 7140
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Stratospheric ozone profile measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II satellite instrument (1984-2005) are combined with those from the Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) instrument on the Odin satellite (2001-Present) to quantify interannual variability and decadal trends in stratospheric ozone between 60°S and 60°N. These data are merged into a multiinstrument, long-term stratospheric ozone record (1984-present) by analyzing the measurements during the overlap period of 2002-2005 when both satellite instruments were operational. The variability in the deseasonalized time series is fit using multiple linear regression with predictor basis functions including the quasi-biennial oscillation, El Niño-Southern Oscillation index, solar activity proxy, and the pressure at the tropical tropopause, in addition to two linear trends (one before and one after 1997), from which the decadal trends in ozone are derived. From 1984-1997, there are statistically significant negative trends of 5-10% per decade throughout the stratosphere between approximately 30-50 km. From 1997-present, a statistically significant recovery of 3- 8% per decade has taken place throughout most of the stratosphere with the notable exception between 40 S-40 N below approximately 22km where the negative trend continues. The recovery is not significant between 25-35km altitude when accounting for a conservative estimate of instrument drift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Odin (Norse deity)
KW  - Osiris (Egyptian deity)
KW  - Natural satellites
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 97197475; Bourassa, A. E. 1; Email Address: adam.bourassa@usask.ca; Degenstein, D. A. 1; Randel, W. J. 2; Zawodny, J. M. 3; Kyrölä, E. 4; McLinden, C. A. 5; Sioris, C. E. 6; Roth, C. Z. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada; 2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Earth Observation Unit, Helsinki, Finland; 5: Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada; 6: Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Canada; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 6, p7113; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Subject Term: Odin (Norse deity); Subject Term: Osiris (Egyptian deity); Subject Term: Natural satellites; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-7113-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fast, J. D.
AU  - Allan, J.
AU  - Bahreini, R.
AU  - Craven, J.
AU  - Emmons, L.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Hayes, P. L.
AU  - Hodzic, A.
AU  - Holloway, J.
AU  - Hostetler, C.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Jonsson, H.
AU  - Liu, S.
AU  - Liu, Y.
AU  - Metcalf, A.
AU  - Middlebrook, A.
AU  - Nowak, J.
AU  - Pekour, M.
AU  - Perring, A.
AU  - Russell, L.
T1  - Modeling regional aerosol variability over California and its sensitivity to emissions and long-range transport during the 2010 CalNex and CARES campaigns.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/03/15/
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 7187
EP  - 7303
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting regional model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) in simulating the spatial and temporal variations in aerosol mass, composition, and size over California is quantified using measurements collected during the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Experiment (CalNex) and the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) conducted during May and June of 2010. The extensive meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol measurements collected at surface sites and along aircraft and ship transects during CalNex and CARES were combined with operational monitoring network measurements to create a single dataset that was used to evaluate the one configuration of the model. Simulations were performed that examined the sensitivity of regional variations in aerosol concentrations to anthropogenic emissions and to long-range transport of aerosols into the domain obtained from a global model. The configuration of WRF-Chem used in this study is shown to reproduce the overall synoptic conditions, thermally-driven circulations, and boundary layer structure observed in region that controls the transport and mixing of trace gases and aerosols. However, sub-grid scale variability in the meteorology and emissions as well as uncertainties in the treatment of secondary organic aerosol chemistry likely contribute to errors at a primary surface sampling site located at the edge of the Los Angeles basin. Differences among the sensitivity simulations demonstrate that the aerosol layers over the central valley detected by lidar measurements likely resulted from lofting and recirculation of local anthropogenic emissions along the Sierra Nevada. Reducing the default emissions inventory by 50% led to an overall improvement in many simulated trace gases and black carbon aerosol at most sites and along most aircraft flight paths; however, simulated organic aerosol was closer to observed when there were no adjustments to the primary organic aerosol emissions. The model performance for some aerosol species was not uniform over the region, and we found that sulfate was better simulated over northern California whereas nitrate was better simulated over southern California. While the overall spatial and temporal variability of aerosols and their precursors were simulated reasonably well, we show cases where the local transport of some aerosol plumes were either too slow or too fast, which adversely affects the statistics regarding the differences between observed and simulated quantities. Comparisons with lidar and in-situ measurements indicate that long-range transport of aerosols from the global model was likely too high in the free troposphere even though their concentrations were relatively low. This bias led to an over-prediction in aerosol optical depth by as much as a factor of two that offset the under-predictions of boundary-layer extinction resulting primarily from local emissions. Lowering the boundary conditions of aerosol concentrations by 50% greatly reduced the bias in simulated aerosol optical depth for all regions of California. This study shows that quantifying regional-scale variations in aerosol radiative forcing and determining the relative role of emissions from local and distant sources is challenging during "clean" conditions and that a wide array of measurements are needed to ensure model predictions are correct for the right reasons. In this regard, the combined CalNex and CARES datasets are an ideal testbed that can be used to evaluate aerosol models in great detail and develop improved treatments for aerosol processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Spatio-temporal variation
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 97197477; Fast, J. D. 1; Email Address: jerome.fast@pnl.gov; Allan, J. 2; Bahreini, R. 3,4; Craven, J. 5; Emmons, L. 6; Ferrare, R. 7; Hayes, P. L. 8; Hodzic, A. 6; Holloway, J. 3,4; Hostetler, C. 7; Jimenez, J. L. 3; Jonsson, H. 9; Liu, S. 10; Liu, Y. 1; Metcalf, A. 11; Middlebrook, A. 4; Nowak, J. 12; Pekour, M. 1; Perring, A. 3,4; Russell, L. 13; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; 2: University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 8: Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada; 9: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aerosol Studies, Marina, California, USA; 10: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; 11: University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; 12: Aerodyne, Inc. Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; 13: Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 6, p7187; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Thesaurus Term: Spatio-temporal variation; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 117p; Illustrations: 14 Charts, 29 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-7187-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Darr, Samuel
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
T1  - Optimal liquid acquisition device screen weave for a liquid hydrogen fuel depot.
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2014/03/18/
VL  - 39
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4356
EP  - 4366
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents the rationale for choosing the optimal screen type for a fully robust screen channel liquid acquisition device (LAD) to be implemented into future in-space liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel depots. Typical Dutch Twill, Plain Dutch, Twilled Square, and Plain Square weaves are initially considered for comparison. From the set of influential performance parameters from Hartwig and Darr [1], bubble point pressure and flow-through-screen (FTS) pressure drop are combined to define a critical mass flux used to make general comparisons between screens. Based off the minimum bubble point pressure to maintain adequate phase separation against adverse depot acceleration levels, the five finest Dutch Twill screens are down selected for the depot. Along with secondary parameters such as wicking rate and screen compliance, a minimum screen area is defined to select the optimal mesh. Results here indicate that the 450 × 2750 Dutch Twill mesh may be the optimal screen weave for a future LH2 fuel depot. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrogen as fuel
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Critical mass (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Pressure drop (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Phase separation
KW  - Weaving -- Patterns
KW  - Cryogenic fluid management
KW  - Liquid acquisition device
KW  - Liquid hydrogen fuel depot
KW  - Porous screen
N1  - Accession Number: 94788205; Darr, Samuel 1; Hartwig, Jason 2; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: University of Florida, 32611, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Mar2014, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p4356; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen as fuel; Subject Term: Liquid hydrogen; Subject Term: Critical mass (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Pressure drop (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Phase separation; Subject Term: Weaving -- Patterns; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic fluid management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition device; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen fuel depot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous screen; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.035
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Alperin, Marc J.
T1  - Biogeochemistry: Methane minimalism.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2014/03/27/
VL  - 507
IS  - 7493
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 437
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article discusses the meta-analysis of methane emissions at the ecosystem level which reveals exponential dependence on temperature. Topics discussed include the rise in the atmospheric concentration of Methane by 0.4 percent, origination of methane emissions with microorganisms called methanogens, and increase of Methane production with temperature.
KW  - Methane
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Biogas
N1  - Accession Number: 97424704; Hoehler, Tori M. 1; Alperin, Marc J. 2; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.; 2: Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3300, USA.; Issue Info: 3/27/2014, Vol. 507 Issue 7493, p436; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Thesaurus Term: Temperature; Thesaurus Term: Biogas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature13215
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rojdev, Kristina
AU  - O’Rourke, Mary Jane E
AU  - Hill, Charles
AU  - Nutt, Steven
AU  - Atwell, William
T1  - Radiation effects on composites for long-duration lunar habitats.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2014/03/30/
VL  - 48
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 861
EP  - 878
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Fiber-reinforced composites are of great interest to NASA for deep-space habitation missions due to the specific strength, modulus and potential radiation shielding properties. However, the durability of these materials on long-duration missions has not been evaluated. Few studies have been conducted on the radiation effects of fiber-reinforced composites in space and even fewer have been conducted with high-energy protons, which replicate portions of the deep-space radiation environment. Furthermore, previous studies of carbon fiber-reinforced composites focused on pure epoxy composites, and aerospace composites in use today include toughening agents to increase the toughness of the material. These toughening agents are typically either rubber particles or thermoplastics, known to be susceptible to ionizing radiation, and could affect the overall composite durability when exposed to high-energy protons. Thus, NASA has undertaken a study to understand the long-term radiation effects on one such potential composite for use in deep-space habitats (boron fiber, carbon fiber and semi-toughened epoxy). Samples were irradiated with 200 MeV protons in air to different doses and evaluated via tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed evidence of a weakened matrix due to scission effects and interfacial failure as a result of resin debonding from the boron fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - RADIATION -- Physiological effect
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Fracture
KW  - OUTER space -- Exploration -- Safety measures
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SCISSION (Chemistry)
KW  - aging
KW  - Composite
KW  - deep space
KW  - lunar habitat
KW  - proton radiation
KW  - scission
N1  - Accession Number: 101787205; Rojdev, Kristina 1; O’Rourke, Mary Jane E 2; Hill, Charles 2; Nutt, Steven 3; Atwell, William 4; Source Information: Mar2014, Vol. 48 Issue 7, p861; Subject: FIBROUS composites; Subject: RADIATION -- Physiological effect; Subject: COMPOSITE materials -- Fracture; Subject: OUTER space -- Exploration -- Safety measures; Subject: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject: SCISSION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep space; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar habitat; Author-Supplied Keyword: proton radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: scission; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7393
L3  - 10.1177/0021998313479416
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=101787205&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piroddi, Luca
AU  - Ranieri, Gaetano
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
AU  - Trogu, Antonio
T1  - Geology, tectonics and topography underlined by L'Aquila earthquake TIR precursors.
JO  - Geophysical Journal International
JF  - Geophysical Journal International
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 197
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1532
EP  - 1536
SN  - 0956540X
AB  - Anomalous thermal infrared (TIR) emissions have widely been detected by satellite sensors before the major earthquakes. A recent processing technique for geostationary thermal data, developed for the case of the 2009 April 6, magnitude 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake, makes it possible to identify areas of enhanced TIR emissions around the epicentral region at a mean distance of less than 50 km but inside a radius of about 100 km. The index, called Night Thermal Gradient (NTG), derived from 4-D time-series data (two spatial and two temporal coordinates), identifies TIR anomalies by following the temperature trend during night, when the surface of the Earth is expected to cool. Leading up to the L'Aquila earthquake, an anomalous warming trend was observed. In this study, the anomalous NTG pattern is compared to the expected normal trend, taking into account the seismogenic faults, the overall tectonic setting, lithological spatial features, the orography and world stress map near the epicentral region. Main results are that a certain lithological selectivity can be recognized and that the known main stress field and seismogenic faults seem to be less important than certain tectonic lineaments, which are classified as non-seismogenic. The strong correlation between the topography and the TIR anomalies is in agreement with proposed physical mechanism for the generation of TIR anomalies. This relation is, in turn, present mainly in correspondence to two tectonic lineaments which in particular are thrusts: therefore, strong compressive states seem to be a positive condition for the generation of TIR anomalies. The temporary modification of these stress fields have triggered the Paganica Fault to its normal rupture mechanism. It is important to note that the distances, over which the TIR anomalies occurred, are an order of magnitude larger than the estimated length of the main fault rupture. Pixel-by-pixel time-series comparisons between the maximum TIR anomaly area and the epicentre of the main shock show that the increase in radiative emission occurred in the areas of maximum TIR anomalies and did not start by spreading outward from the epicentral region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geophysical Journal International is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Earthquake engineering
KW  - Plate tectonics
KW  - Geology
KW  - Topography
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Thermal gradient measurment
KW  - Dynamics: seismotectonics
KW  - Earthquake dynamics
KW  - Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction
KW  - Fractures and faults
KW  - Heat generation and transport
KW  - Spatial analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 100354012; Piroddi, Luca 1; Email Address: lucapiroddi@yahoo.it; Ranieri, Gaetano 1; Freund, Friedemann 2,3; Trogu, Antonio 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.; 2: Earth Sci. Div., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2014, Vol. 197 Issue 1, p1532; Thesaurus Term: Earthquake engineering; Thesaurus Term: Plate tectonics; Thesaurus Term: Geology; Subject Term: Topography; Subject Term: Detectors; Subject Term: Thermal gradient measurment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamics: seismotectonics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractures and faults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat generation and transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jägermeyr, Jonas
AU  - Gerten, Dieter
AU  - Lucht, Wolfgang
AU  - Hostert, Patrick
AU  - Migliavacca, Mirco
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - A high-resolution approach to estimating ecosystem respiration at continental scales using operational satellite data.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1191
EP  - 1210
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - A better understanding of the local variability in land-atmosphere carbon fluxes is crucial to improving the accuracy of global carbon budgets. Operational satellite data backed by ground measurements at Fluxnet sites proved valuable in monitoring local variability of gross primary production at highly resolved spatio-temporal resolutions. Yet, we lack similar operational estimates of ecosystem respiration (Re) to calculate net carbon fluxes. If successful, carbon fluxes from such a remote sensing approach would form an independent and sought after measure to complement widely used dynamic global vegetation models ( DGVMs). Here, we establish an operational semi-empirical Re model, based only on data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) with a resolution of 1 km and 8 days. Fluxnet measurements between 2000 and 2009 from 100 sites across North America and Europe are used for parameterization and validation. Our analysis shows that Re is closely tied to temperature and plant productivity. By separating temporal and intersite variation, we find that MODIS land surface temperature ( LST) and enhanced vegetation index ( EVI) are sufficient to explain observed Re across most major biomes with a negligible bias [ R² = 0.62, RMSE = 1.32 (g C m−2 d−1), MBE = 0.05 (g C m−2 d−1)]. A comparison of such satellite-derived Re with those simulated by the DGVM LPJmL reveals similar spatial patterns. However, LPJmL shows higher temperature sensitivities and consistently simulates higher Re values, in high-latitude and subtropical regions. These differences remain difficult to explain and they are likely associated either with LPJmL parameterization or with systematic errors in the Fluxnet sampling technique. While uncertainties remain with Re estimates, the model formulated in this study provides an operational, cross-validated and unbiased approach to scale Fluxnet Re to the continental scale and advances knowledge of spatio-temporal Re variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Land surface temperature
KW  - Soil respiration
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - FLUXNET
KW  - land surface temperature
KW  - LPJmL DGVM
KW  - MODIS
KW  - RECO
KW  - temperature sensitivity
KW  - terrestrial carbon flux
KW  - up-scaling
N1  - Accession Number: 94727992; Jägermeyr, Jonas 1,2; Gerten, Dieter 1; Lucht, Wolfgang 1,2; Hostert, Patrick 2; Migliavacca, Mirco 3,4; Nemani, Ramakrishna 5; Affiliations: 1: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, RD 1: Earth System Analysis; 2: Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; 3: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department Biogeochemical Integration; 4: Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca; 5: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Apr2014, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p1191; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Subject Term: Land surface temperature; Subject Term: Soil respiration; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Author-Supplied Keyword: FLUXNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: LPJmL DGVM; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: RECO; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial carbon flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: up-scaling; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.12443
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=94727992&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun-Mack, Sunny
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Chen, Yan
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Yi, Yuhong
AU  - Gibson, Sharon C.
AU  - Heck, Patrick W.
AU  - Winker, David M.
T1  - Regional Apparent Boundary Layer Lapse Rates Determined from CALIPSO and MODIS Data for Cloud-Height Determination.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 990
EP  - 1011
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Reliably determining low-cloud heights using a cloud-top temperature from satellite infrared imagery is often challenging because of difficulties in characterizing the local thermal structure of the lower troposphere with the necessary precision and accuracy. To improve low-cloud-top height estimates over water surfaces, various methods have employed lapse rates anchored to the sea surface temperature to replace the boundary layer temperature profiles that relate temperature to altitude. To further improve low-cloud-top height retrievals, collocated Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations ( CALIPSO) and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data taken from July 2006 to June 2007 and from June 2009 to May 2010 (2 yr) for single-layer low clouds are used here with numerical weather model analyses to develop regional mean boundary apparent lapse rates. These parameters are designated as apparent lapse rates because they are defined using the cloud-top temperatures from satellite retrievals and surface skin temperatures; they do not represent true lapse rates. Separate day and night, seasonal mean lapse rates are determined for 10′-resolution snow-free land, water, and coastal regions, while zonally dependent lapse rates are developed for snow/ice-covered areas for use in the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Edition 4 cloud property retrieval system (CCPRS-4). The derived apparent lapse rates over ice-free water range from 5 to 9 K km−1 with mean values of about 6.9 and 7.2 K km−1 during the day and night, respectively. Over land, the regional values vary from 3 to 8 K km−1, with day and night means of 5.5 and 6.2 K km−1, respectively. The zonal-mean apparent lapse rates over snow and ice surfaces generally decrease with increasing latitude, ranging from 4 to 8 K km−1. All of the CCPRS-4 lapse rates were used along with five other lapse rate techniques to retrieve cloud-top heights for 2 months of independent Aqua MODIS data. When compared with coincident CALIPSO data for October 2007, the mean cloud-top height differences between CCPRS-4 and CALIPSO during the daytime (nighttime) are 0.04 ± 0.61 km (0.10 ± 0.62 km) over ice-free water, −0.06 ± 0.85 km (−0.01 ± 0.83 km) over snow-free land, and 0.38 ± 0.95 km (0.03 ± 0.92 km) over snow-covered areas. The CCPRS-4 regional monthly means are generally unbiased and lack spatial error gradients seen in the comparisons for most of the other techniques. Over snow-free land, the regional monthly-mean errors range from −0.28 ± 0.74 km during daytime to 0.04 ± 0.78 km at night. The water regional monthly means are, on average, 0.04 ± 0.44 km less than the CALIPSO values during day and night. Greater errors are realized for snow-covered regions. Overall, the CCPRS-4 lapse rates yield the smallest RMS differences for all times of day over all areas both for individual retrievals and monthly means. These new regional apparent lapse rates, used in processing CERES Edition 4 data, should provide more accurate low-cloud-type heights than previously possible using satellite imager data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Altitudes
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - Cloud retrieval
N1  - Accession Number: 95513198; Sun-Mack, Sunny 1; Minnis, Patrick 2; Chen, Yan 1; Kato, Seiji 2; Yi, Yuhong 1; Gibson, Sharon C. 1; Heck, Patrick W. 3; Winker, David M. 2; Affiliations: 1: * Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 3: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Issue Info: Apr2014, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p990; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Ocean temperature; Subject Term: Altitudes; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud retrieval; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-081.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=95513198&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 2013-42385-001
AN  - 2013-42385-001
AU  - Coelho, Chase J.
AU  - Studenka, Breanna E.
AU  - Rosenbaum, David A.
T1  - End-state comfort trumps handedness in object manipulation.
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
SP  - 718
EP  - 730
CY  - US
PB  - American Psychological Association
SN  - 0096-1523
SN  - 1939-1277
AD  - Coelho, Chase J., ISS Flight Crew Integration Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, B15, R252, Houston, TX, US, 77058
N1  - Accession Number: 2013-42385-001. PMID: 24294873 Partial author list: First Author & Affiliation: Coelho, Chase J.; Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, PA, US. Release Date: 20131202. Correction Date: 20140407. Publication Type: Journal (0100), Peer Reviewed Journal (0110). Format Covered: Electronic. Document Type: Journal Article. Language: English. Major Descriptor: Handedness; Perceptual Motor Processes; Posture. Classification: Motor Processes (2330). Population: Human (10); Male (30); Female (40). Location: US. Age Group: Adulthood (18 yrs & older) (300). Tests & Measures: Ostensive Task; Edinburgh Handedness Inventory DOI: 10.1037/t23111-000. Methodology: Empirical Study; Quantitative Study. References Available: Y. Page Count: 13. Issue Publication Date: Apr, 2014. Publication History: First Posted Date: Dec 2, 2013; Accepted Date: Sep 27, 2013; Revised Date: Sep 24, 2013; First Submitted Date: Feb 24, 2013. Copyright Statement: American Psychological Association. 2013. 
AB  - A goal of research on human perception and performance is to explore the relative importance of constraints shaping action selection. The present study concerned the relative importance of two constraints that have not been directly contrasted: (1) the tendency to grasp objects in ways that afford comfortable or easy-to-control final postures; and (2) the tendency to grasp objects with the dominant rather than the nondominant hand. We asked participants to reach out and grasp a horizontal rod whose left or right end was to be placed into a target after a 90° rotation. In one condition, we told participants which hand to use and let them choose an overhand or underhand initial grasp. In another condition, we told participants which grasp to use and let them choose either hand. Participants sacrificed hand preference to perform the task in a way that ensured a comfortable or easy to control thumb-up posture at the time of object placement, indicating that comfort trumped handedness. A second experiment confirmed that comfort was indeed higher for thumb-down postures than thumb-up postures. A third experiment confirmed that the choice data could be linked to objective performance differences. The results point to the importance of identifying constraint weightings for action selection and support an account of hand selection that ascribes hand preference to sensitivity to performance differences. The results do not support the hypothesis that hand preference simply reflects a bias to use the dominant hand. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). (journal abstract)
KW  - action
KW  - handedness
KW  - reaching
KW  - posture
KW  - 2014
KW  - Handedness
KW  - Perceptual Motor Processes
KW  - Posture
DO  - 10.1037/a0034990
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=pdh&AN=2013-42385-001&site=ehost-live&scope=site
UR  - chason.j.coelho@nasa.gov
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - pdh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Microclimate influences on vegetation water availability and net primary production in coastal ecosystems of Central California.
JO  - Landscape Ecology
JF  - Landscape Ecology
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 677
EP  - 687
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09212973
AB  - Field sampling and satellite remote sensing were used to test the hypothesis that site microclimate variability leading to divergent soil water use by vegetation types is closely associated with variability in annual net primary productivity (NPP) at the landscape scale. A simulation model based on satellite observations of seasonal phenology was used to estimate NPP of grassland, shrubland, and conifer forest vegetation types on the Central California coast near Big Sur. Daily microclimate at the soil surface was monitored over 4 years (2008-2011) for each vegetation type to infer soil moisture controls on plant production. Grassland soils were found to have lower soil organic matter content and were subjected to extreme radiation and wind events, and thereby dry-down faster with daily spring-summer warming than do shrubland or redwood forest soils. This reduced moisture microclimate affected the water stress on grassland plants to reduce NPP fluxes from April to October each year on the Central Coast far sooner than for shrubland or redwood stands. Results from this study suggested that the satellite-observed canopy greenness variations represented can be used to quantify plant production in coastal ecosystems at the landscape scale of defined microclimate variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Landscape Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plants
KW  - Water
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Grasslands
KW  - California
KW  - Big Sur
KW  - Central California Coast
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Plant production
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Soil moisture
N1  - Accession Number: 95109226; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Apr2014, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p677; Thesaurus Term: Plants; Thesaurus Term: Water; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Thesaurus Term: Phenology; Thesaurus Term: Grasslands; Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Big Sur; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central California Coast; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plant production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10980-014-0002-6
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=95109226&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Stokes, Chris R.
AU  - Davies, Neil S.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Rodríguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Uceda, Esther R.
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Clifford, Stephen M.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Squyres, Steven W.
T1  - A cold hydrological system in Gale crater, Mars.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 93-94
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 118
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Gale crater is a ~154-km-diameter impact crater formed during the Late Noachian/Early Hesperian at the dichotomy boundary on Mars. Here we describe potential evidence for ancient glacial, periglacial and fluvial (including glacio-fluvial) activity within Gale crater, and the former presence of ground ice and lakes. Our interpretations are derived from morphological observations using high-resolution datasets, particularly HiRISE and HRSC. We highlight a potential ancient lobate rock–glacier complex in parts of the northern central mound, with further suggestions of glacial activity in the large valley systems towards the southeast central mound. Wide expanses of ancient ground ice may be indicated by evidence for very cohesive ancient river banks and for the polygonal patterned ground common on the crater floor west of the central mound. We extend the interpretation to fluvial and lacustrine activity to the west of the central mound, as recorded by a series of interconnected canyons, channels and a possible lake basin. The emerging picture from our regional landscape analyses is the hypothesis that rock glaciers may have formerly occupied the central mound. The glaciers would have provided the liquid water required for carving the canyons and channels. Associated glaciofluvial activity could have led to liquid water running over ground ice-rich areas on the basin floor, with resultant formation of partially and/or totally ice-covered lakes in parts of the western crater floor. All this hydrologic activity is Hesperian or younger. Following this, we envisage a time of drying, with the generation of polygonal patterned ground and dune development subsequent to the disappearance of the surface liquid and frozen water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Periglacial processes
KW  - Fluvial geomorphology
KW  - Glaciology
KW  - Acquisition of data
KW  - Gale Crater (Mars)
KW  - Fluvial erosion
KW  - Gale crater
KW  - Glacial/periglacial modification
KW  - Glacio-fluvial activity
KW  - Ground ice
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 95505015; Fairén, Alberto G. 1,2; Email Address: agfairen@cab.csic-inta.es; Stokes, Chris R. 3; Davies, Neil S. 4; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 5; Rodríguez, J. Alexis P. 6; Davila, Alfonso F. 7; Uceda, Esther R. 8; Dohm, James M. 9,10; Baker, Victor R. 10; Clifford, Stephen M. 11; McKay, Christopher P. 6; Squyres, Steven W. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2: Centro de Astrobiología, M-108 km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain; 3: Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; 4: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 3EQ, UK; 5: School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; 6: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 7: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 8: Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; 9: Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan; 10: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 11: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Issue Info: Apr2014, Vol. 93-94, p101; Thesaurus Term: Hydrology; Thesaurus Term: Periglacial processes; Thesaurus Term: Fluvial geomorphology; Thesaurus Term: Glaciology; Subject Term: Acquisition of data; Subject Term: Gale Crater (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluvial erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gale crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glacial/periglacial modification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glacio-fluvial activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2014.03.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=95505015&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Dutcher, Dabrina
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Chan, Kevin
AU  - Crumeyrolle, Suzanne
AU  - Raymond, Timothy M.
AU  - Thornhill, Kenneth L.
AU  - Winstead, Edward L.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
T1  - Mapping the Operation of the Miniature Combustion Aerosol Standard (Mini-CAST) Soot Generator.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 479
SN  - 02786826
AB  - The Jing Ltd. miniature combustion aerosol standard (Mini-CAST) soot generator is a portable, commercially available burner that is widely used for laboratory measurements of soot processes. While many studies have used the Mini-CAST to generate soot with known size, concentration, and organic carbon fraction under a single or few conditions, there has been no systematic study of the burner operation over a wide range of operating conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of the microphysical, chemical, morphological, and hygroscopic properties of Mini-CAST soot over the full range of oxidation air and mixing N2flow rates. Very fuel-rich and fuel-lean flame conditions are found to produce organic-dominated soot with mode diameters of 10–60 nm, and the highest particle number concentrations are produced under fuel-rich conditions. The lowest organic fraction and largest diameter soot (70–130 nm) occur under slightly fuel-lean conditions. Moving from fuel-rich to fuel-lean conditions also increases the O:C ratio of the soot coatings from ∼0.05 to ∼0.25, which causes a small fraction of the particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei near the Kelvin limit (κ ∼ 0–10−3). Comparison of these property ranges to those reported in the literature for aircraft and diesel engine soots indicates that the Mini-CAST soot is similar to real-world primary soot particles, which lends itself to a variety of process-based soot studies. The trends in soot properties uncovered here will guide selection of burner operating conditions to achieve optimum soot properties that are most relevant to such studies. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Soot
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Nitrogen
KW  - Burners (Technology)
KW  - Atmospheric oxygen
N1  - Accession Number: 95430985; Moore, Richard H. 1,2; Email Address: richard.h.moore@nasa.gov; Ziemba, Luke D. 2; Dutcher, Dabrina 3; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 2; Chan, Kevin 2; Crumeyrolle, Suzanne 1,2; Raymond, Timothy M. 3; Thornhill, Kenneth L. 2,4; Winstead, Edward L. 2,4; Anderson, Bruce E. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: May2014, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p467; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Soot; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen; Subject Term: Burners (Technology); Subject Term: Atmospheric oxygen; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2014.890694
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raatikainen, Tomi
AU  - Lin, Jack J.
AU  - Cerully, Kate M.
AU  - Lathem, Terry L.
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Nenes, Athanasios
T1  - CCN Data Interpretation Under Dynamic Operation Conditions.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 552
EP  - 561
SN  - 02786826
AB  - We have developed a new numerical model for the non-steady-state operation of the Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT) Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) counter. The model simulates the Scanning Flow CCN Analysis (SFCA) instrument mode, where a wide supersaturation range is continuously scanned by cycling the flow rate over 20–120 s. Model accuracy is verified using a broad set of data which include ammonium sulfate calibration data (under conditions of low CCN concentration) and airborne measurements where either the instrument pressure was not controlled or where exceptionally high CCN loadings were observed. It is shown here for the first time that small pressure and flow fluctuations can have a disproportionately large effect on the instrument supersaturation due to localized compressive/expansive heating and cooling. The model shows that, for fast scan times, these effects can explain the observed shape of the SFCA supersaturation-flow calibration curve and transients in the outlet droplet sizes. The extent of supersaturation depletion from the presence of CCN during SFCA operation is also examined; we found that depletion effects can be neglected below 4000 cm−3for CCN number. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Drops -- Measurement
KW  - Ammonium sulfate
KW  - Heating
KW  - Condensation reactions
KW  - Supersaturation
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Cooling
N1  - Accession Number: 95430992; Raatikainen, Tomi 1,2; Lin, Jack J. 1; Cerully, Kate M. 3; Lathem, Terry L. 1; Moore, Richard H. 3,4; Nenes, Athanasios 1,3; Email Address: nenes@eas.gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 2: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; 3: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: May2014, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p552; Thesaurus Term: Drops -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Ammonium sulfate; Thesaurus Term: Heating; Subject Term: Condensation reactions; Subject Term: Supersaturation; Subject Term: Calibration; Subject Term: Cooling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2014.899429
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Darr, Samuel
T1  - Influential factors for liquid acquisition device screen selection for cryogenic propulsion systems.
JO  - Applied Thermal Engineering
JF  - Applied Thermal Engineering
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 66
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 548
EP  - 562
SN  - 13594311
AB  - This paper presents the influential factors which govern screen selection for liquid acquisition devices (LADs) operating in microgravity conditions for future in-space cryogenic propulsion engines and cryogenic propellant depots. Space flight requirements, which include mass flow rate, acceleration level and direction, and thermal environment, dictate screen selection for a particular mission. The five influential factors include bubble point pressure, flow-through-screen pressure drop, wicking rate, screen compliance, and material compatibility. Governing equations and analytical models for these parameters are developed from first principles. A comprehensive survey of the historical data on coarser LAD meshes over four decades of work is conducted, and liquid hydrogen data for finer Dutch Twill meshes (325 × 2300, 450 × 2750, 510 × 3600) from recently concluded experiments is also presented to validate analytical models. Each of these parameters is measurable from ground based tests, making it facile to predict flight system performance. Therefore analytical models in this paper will be valuable for future LAD designs for both cryogenic and storable propulsion systems. Additionally, analysis will be given on the impact of the factors on liquid hydrogen systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Thermal Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - BUBBLES
KW  - Cryogenics
KW  - Fuel depot
KW  - Liquid acquisition device
KW  - Porous screen
KW  - Surface tension
N1  - Accession Number: 95716761; Hartwig, Jason 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov; Darr, Samuel 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; 2: University of Florida, 32611, United States; Issue Info: May2014, Vol. 66 Issue 1/2, p548; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: BUBBLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel depot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition device; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous screen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface tension; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.02.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Jegley, Dawn C.
T1  - Evaluation of a Metallic Repair on a Rod-Stiffened Composite Panel.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 792
EP  - 804
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A design and analysis of a repair concept applicable to a stiffened composite panel based on the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure was recently completed. The damage scenario considered was a midbay-to-midbay saw-cut with a severed stiffener, flange, and skin. Advanced modeling techniques such as mesh-independent definition of compliant fasteners and elastic-plastic material properties for metal parts were used in the finite-element analysis supporting the design effort A bolted metallic repair was selected so that it could be easily applied in the operational environment The present work describes results obtained from a tension panel test conducted to validate both the repair concept and finite-element analysis techniques used in the design effort The test proved that the proposed repair concept is capable of sustaining load levels that are higher than those resulting from the current working stress allowables. This conclusion enables upward revision of the stress allowables that had been kept at an overly conservative level due to concerns associated with repairability of the panels. Correlation of test data with finite-element analysis results is also presented and assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Maintenance & repair
KW  - COMPOSITE plates -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load -- Research
KW  - WORKING stress (Machinery) -- Research
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 96976264; Source Information: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p792; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Maintenance & repair; Subject Term: COMPOSITE plates -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load -- Research; Subject Term: WORKING stress (Machinery) -- Research; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032461
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=96976264&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amtzen, Michael
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Vissei, Hendrikus G.
AU  - Simons, Dick G.
T1  - Framework for Simulating Aircraft Flyover Noise Through Nonstandard Atmospheres.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 956
EP  - 966
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes a new framework for the synthesis of aircraft flyover noise through a nonstandard atmosphere. Central to the framework is a ray-tracing algorithm that defines multiple curved propagation paths, if the atmosphere allows, between the moving source and listener. Because each path has a different emission angle, synthesis of the sound at the source must be performed independently for each path. The time delay, spreading loss, and absorption (ground and atmosphere) are integrated along each path and applied to each synthesized aircraft noise source to simulate a flyover. A final step assigns each resulting signal to its corresponding receiver angle for the simulation of a flyover in a virtual reality environment. Spectrograms of the results from a straight path and a curved path modeling assumption are shown. When the aircraft is at close range, the straight path results are valid. Differences appear especially when the source is relatively far away at shallow elevation angles. These differences, however, are not significant in common sound metrics. Although the framework used in this work performs off-line processing, it is conducive to real-time implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE sounds -- Research
KW  - RAY tracing algorithms
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
N1  - Accession Number: 96976280; Source Information: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p956; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE sounds -- Research; Subject Term: RAY tracing algorithms; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032049
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=96976280&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Michael A.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Campbell, Richard L.
AU  - Carter, Melissa B.
AU  - Cliff, Susan E.
AU  - Bangert, Linda S.
T1  - Summary of the 2008 NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 987
EP  - 1001
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Supersonics Project of the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program organized an internal sonic boom workshop to evaluate near-field sonic-boom prediction capability at the Fundamental Aeronautics Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, on 8 October 2008. Workshop participants computed sonic-boom signatures for three nonlifting bodies and two lifting configurations. Cone-cylinder, parabolic, and quartic bodies of revolution comprised the nonlifting cases. The lifting configurations were a simple 69 deg delta-wing-body and a complete low-boom transport configuration designed during the High Speed Research Project in the 1990s with wing, body, tail, nacelle, and boundary-layer diverter components. The AIRPLANE, Cart3D, FUN3D, and USM3D flow solvers were employed with the ANET signature propagation tool, output-based adaptation, and a priori adaptation based on freestream Mach number and angle of attack. Results were presented orally at the workshop. This article documents the workshop and results and provides context on previously available and recently developed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom -- Research
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - DELTA wing airplanes
KW  - MACH number
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS & state -- United States
KW  - ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics) -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 96976283; Source Information: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p987; Subject Term: SONIC boom -- Research; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: DELTA wing airplanes; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS & state -- United States; Subject Term: ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032589
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=96976283&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duan Huanyun
AU  - Xu Rui
AU  - Li Jianchang
AU  - Yuan Yage
AU  - Wang Qiuxia
AU  - Hadi, Nomana Intekhab
T1  - Publisher's Note: "Analysis on sustainable development countermeasures and barriers of rural household biogas in China" [J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, 043116 (2013)].
JO  - Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy
JF  - Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 19417012
AB  - A correction to the article on rural household biogas sustainable development countermeasures in China in the 2013 issue is presented.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Sustainable development
KW  - Biogas production
N1  - Accession Number: 96971847; Duan Huanyun 1; Email Address: duanhuanyun@gmail.com; Xu Rui 1; Email Address: ecowatch.xr@gmail.com; Li Jianchang 1; Email Address: jclee94213@yahoo.com.cn; Yuan Yage 1; Email Address: yuanyage@sina.cn; Wang Qiuxia 1; Email Address: 798606608@qq.com; Hadi, Nomana Intekhab 2; Email Address: nomana.i.hadi@gmail.com; Affiliations: 1: Solar Energy Institute, College of Energy & Environment Sciences, Yannan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China; 2: NASA Ames Research Center (SETI Institute Affiliation), MS 245-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Sustainable development; Subject Term: Biogas production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.1063/1.4880535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=96971847&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ray, F.
AU  - Robinson, Erin
AU  - McKenna, Miles
AU  - Hada, Megumi
AU  - George, Kerry
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis
AU  - Goodwin, Edwin
AU  - Bedford, Joel
AU  - Bailey, Susan
AU  - Cornforth, Michael
T1  - Directional genomic hybridization: inversions as a potential biodosimeter for retrospective radiation exposure.
JO  - Radiation & Environmental Biophysics
JF  - Radiation & Environmental Biophysics
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 263
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0301634X
AB  - Chromosome aberrations in blood lymphocytes provide a useful measure of past exposure to ionizing radiation. Despite the widespread and successful use of the dicentric assay for retrospective biodosimetry, the approach suffers substantial drawbacks, including the fact that dicentrics in circulating blood have a rather short half-life (roughly 1-2 years by most estimates). So-called symmetrical aberrations such as translocations are far more stable in that regard, but their high background frequency, which increases with age, also makes them less than ideal for biodosimetry. We developed a cytogenetic assay for potential use in retrospective biodosimetry that is based on the detection of chromosomal inversions, another symmetrical aberration whose transmissibility (stability) is also ostensibly high. Many of the well-known difficulties associated with inversion detection were circumvented through the use of directional genomic hybridization, a method of molecular cytogenetics that is less labor intensive and better able to detect small chromosomal inversions than other currently available approaches. Here, we report the dose-dependent induction of inversions following exposure to radiations with vastly different ionization densities [i.e., linear energy transfer (LET)]. Our results show a dramatic dose-dependent difference in the yields of inversions induced by low-LET gamma rays, as compared to more damaging high-LET charged particles similar to those encountered in deep space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation & Environmental Biophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hybridization
KW  - Ionizing radiation
KW  - Radiation exposure
KW  - Energy storage
KW  - Leucocytes
KW  - Gamma rays
KW  - Biodosimetry
KW  - Chromosome inversions
KW  - DGH
KW  - Directional genomic hybridization
KW  - FISH
KW  - Strand-specific hybridization
N1  - Accession Number: 95678205; Ray, F. 1; Email Address: fa.ray@colostate.edu; Robinson, Erin 2; McKenna, Miles 2; Hada, Megumi 3; George, Kerry 4; Cucinotta, Francis 5; Goodwin, Edwin 2; Bedford, Joel 1; Bailey, Susan 1; Cornforth, Michael 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523 USA; 2: KromaTiD Inc., 320 East Vine Drive Fort Collins 80524 USA; 3: Universities Space Research Association, Houston 77058 USA; 4: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston 77058 USA; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston 77058 USA; 6: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555 USA; Issue Info: May2014, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p255; Thesaurus Term: Hybridization; Thesaurus Term: Ionizing radiation; Thesaurus Term: Radiation exposure; Thesaurus Term: Energy storage; Subject Term: Leucocytes; Subject Term: Gamma rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biodosimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chromosome inversions; Author-Supplied Keyword: DGH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directional genomic hybridization; Author-Supplied Keyword: FISH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strand-specific hybridization; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00411-014-0513-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jordan, J. L.
AU  - Simons, R. N.
AU  - Zorman, C. A.
T1  - Contactless radio frequency probes for hightemperature characterisation of microwave integrated circuits.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2014/05/22/
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 817
EP  - 819
SN  - 00135194
AB  - The first ever demonstration of a viable contactless radio frequency (RF) probing technique at elevated temperatures is presented. The design utilises an inverted microstrip design for the probe, which is suspended over and placed in close proximity to the input/output microstrip lines of the device under test to couple signals in and out. To demonstrate the efficacy of the contactless RF probing technique, three example circuits, namely, a microstrip spurline bandstop filter, a microstrip pin diode series switch and a monolithic microwave integrated circuit amplifier mounted on a microstrip line were designed, fabricated and performance measured against temperature up to 200°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE integrated circuits
KW  - MONOLITHIC microwave integrated circuits
KW  - MICROSTRIP transmission lines
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - RADIO frequency
N1  - Accession Number: 96327035; Jordan, J. L. 1; Email Address: jennifer.l.jordan@nasa.gov; Simons, R. N. 1; Zorman, C. A. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 2: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: 5/22/2014, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p817; Subject Term: MICROWAVE integrated circuits; Subject Term: MONOLITHIC microwave integrated circuits; Subject Term: MICROSTRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2014.1009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
T1  - Impacts of light use efficiency and fPAR parameterization on gross primary production modeling.
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 189-190
M3  - Article
SP  - 187
EP  - 197
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Highlights: [•] We utilized different approaches to derive LUE and fPAR and examined their capabilities for carbon modeling. [•] Both crops, maize and soybean, and deciduous forest were selected to study. [•] fAPARchl showed closer seasonal dynamics with GPP than MODIS MOD15A2 fPAR. [•] Estimated GPP using fAPARchl was closer to flux tower based GPP. [•] Using a site-specific LUEmax value derived from an analytic approach can improve GPP estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Parameterization
KW  - Interplanetary voyages
KW  - Astrodynamics
KW  - Astronautics
KW  - Management science
KW  - Carbon modeling
KW  - fAPARchl
KW  - Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation
KW  - Light use efficiency
N1  - Accession Number: 94791920; Cheng, Yen-Ben 1; Email Address: Yen-Ben.Cheng@nasa.gov; Zhang, Qingyuan 2; Lyapustin, Alexei I. 3; Wang, Yujie 4; Middleton, Elizabeth M. 5; Affiliations: 1: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., Laurel, MD 20707, USA; 2: Unversities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA; 3: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 4: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; 5: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 189-190, p187; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Subject Term: Parameterization; Subject Term: Interplanetary voyages; Subject Term: Astrodynamics; Subject Term: Astronautics; Subject Term: Management science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: fAPARchl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light use efficiency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Wiesner, Valerie1
T1  - Internship--A pathway to employment.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
J1  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
PY  - 2014/06//Jun/Jul2014
Y1  - 2014/06//Jun/Jul2014
VL  - 93
IS  - 5
CP  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 29
SN  - 00027812
AB  - A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of participating in the Pathways Intern Employment Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.
KW  - Interns
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 96214321; Authors: Wiesner, Valerie 1; Affiliations:  1: Materials research engineer, Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Subject: Interns; Subject: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Liangfa Hu1,2
AU  - Richards, Bradley3,4,5
T1  - Students weigh in on education.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
J1  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
PY  - 2014/06//Jun/Jul2014
Y1  - 2014/06//Jun/Jul2014
VL  - 93
IS  - 5
CP  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 34
SN  - 00027812
AB  - The article discusses a 2014 survey conducted by the American Ceramic Society's (ACerS) President's Council of Student Advisors conducted a survey of graduate and undergraduate students from numerous U.S. schools to identify how they view their education. Topics covered include assertions about current education policies based on the responses, the student outlook on their field and the job market, and recommended actions.
KW  - Student surveys
KW  - College students -- United States
KW  - Higher education -- United States
KW  - Education & state -- United States
KW  - Labor market -- United States
KW  - American Ceramic Society
N1  - Accession Number: 96214327; Authors: Liangfa Hu 1,2; Richards, Bradley 3,4,5; Affiliations:  1: Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas);  2: President, Material Advantage chapter, Texas A&M;  3: University of Virginia (Charlottesville, Va.);  4: NASA Pathways intern, Glenn Research Center;  5: President, Materials Science Graduate Student Board, Virginia; Subject: Student surveys; Subject: American Ceramic Society; Subject: College students -- United States; Subject: Higher education -- United States; Subject: Education & state -- United States; Subject: Labor market -- United States; Number of Pages: 2p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan, Olivia W.
AU  - Bugler-Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Biddle, Jennifer F.
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
T1  - Phylogenetic diversity of a microbialite reef in a cold alkaline freshwater lake.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
JF  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 60
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 391
EP  - 398
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084166
AB  - A culture-independent multidomain survey of biodiversity in microbialite structures within the cold alkaline Pavilion Lake (British Columbia, Canada) revealed a largely homogenous community at depths from 10 to 30 m. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to demonstrate that bacteria comprised approximately 80%-95% of recoverable phylotypes. Archaeal phylotypes accounted for <5% of the community in microbialites exposed to the water column, while structures in sediment contact supported 4- to 5-fold higher archaeal abundance. Eukaryal phylotypes were rare and indicated common aquatic diatoms that were concluded not to be part of the microbialite community. Phylogenetic analysis of rRNA genes from clone libraries ( N = 491) revealed that alphaproteobacterial phylotypes were most abundant. Cyanobacterial phylotypes were highly diverse but resolved into 4 dominant genera: Acaryochloris, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus, and Pseudanabaena. Interestingly, microbialite cyanobacteria generally affiliated phylogenetically with aquatic and coral cyanobacterial groups rather than those from stromatolites. Other commonly encountered bacterial phylotypes were from members of the Acidobacteria, with relatively low abundance of the Betaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, and Planctomycetes. Archaeal diversity ( N = 53) was largely accounted for by Euryarchaeota, with most phylotypes affiliated with freshwater methanogenic taxa. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Une analyse à domaines multiples, sans culture, de la biodiversité des structures de microbialites du lac Pavilion (C-B, Canada), une étendue alcaline froide, a mis au jour une communauté presque homogène à des profondeurs de 10-30 m. Par l'usage du PCR quantitatif en temps réel, on a démontré que les bactéries constituaient environ 80-95 % des phylotypes recueillables. Les phylotypes archéens représentaient <5 % de la communauté chez les microbialites exposés à la colonne d'eau, tandis que les structures en contact avec les sédiments renfermaient de 4 à 5 fois plus d'archéens. Les phylotypes eucaryotes étaient rare et se sont révélés êtres des diatomées aquatiques communes n'appartenant vraisemblablement pas à la communauté microbialitique. Une analyse phylogénétique des gènes d'ARNr de banques clonales ( N = 491) a révélé que les phylotypes alphaprotéobactériens étaient les plus abondants. Les phylotypes cyanobactériens étaient fortement diversifiés, mais se sont regroupés dans quatre genres dominants: Acaryochloris, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus et Pseudanabaena. Il fut intéressant de constater que les cyanobactéries microbialitiques étaient généralement liées phylogénétiquement à des groupes de cyanobactéries aquatiques et coralliennes plutôt que stromatolitiques. Les autres phylotypes bactériens communs étaient dérivés des Acidobacteria, alors que les Betaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae et Planctomycetes étaient peu abondants. La diversité des archéens ( N = 53) tenait principalement des Euryarchaeota, dont la plupart des phylotypes étaient apparentés à des taxons de méthanogènes d'eau douce. [Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Microbiology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Reefs
KW  - Alkalies
KW  - Lakes
KW  - Water -- Analysis
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - Phylogeny
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - biominéralisation
KW  - biomineralization
KW  - cyanobactéries
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - lac Pavilion
KW  - microbialite
KW  - Pavilion Lake
KW  - récifs
KW  - reefs
KW  - biominéralisation
KW  - cyanobactéries
KW  - lac Pavilion
KW  - microbialite
KW  - récifs
N1  - Accession Number: 96329854; Chan, Olivia W.; Bugler-Lacap, Donnabella C. 1; Biddle, Jennifer F. 2; Lim, Darlene S. 3; McKay, Christopher P. 4; Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.; 2: College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, Del., USA.; 3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, Calif., USA.; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., USA.; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 60 Issue 6, p391; Thesaurus Term: Reefs; Thesaurus Term: Alkalies; Thesaurus Term: Lakes; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Analysis; Thesaurus Term: Biodiversity; Thesaurus Term: Phylogeny; Subject Term: Polymerase chain reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: biominéralisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomineralization; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobactéries; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: lac Pavilion; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbialite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pavilion Lake; Author-Supplied Keyword: récifs; Author-Supplied Keyword: reefs; Author-Supplied Keyword: biominéralisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobactéries; Author-Supplied Keyword: lac Pavilion; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbialite; Author-Supplied Keyword: récifs; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/cjm-2014-0024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Bregon, Anibal
AU  - Roychoudhury, Indranil
T1  - Distributed Prognostics Based on Structural Model Decomposition.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
PY  - 2014/06//
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 510
SN  - 00189529
AB  - Within systems health management, prognostics focuses on predicting the remaining useful life of a system. In the model-based prognostics paradigm, physics-based models are constructed that describe the operation of a system, and how it fails. Such approaches consist of an estimation phase, in which the health state of the system is first identified, and a prediction phase, in which the health state is projected forward in time to determine the end of life. Centralized solutions to these problems are often computationally expensive, do not scale well as the size of the system grows, and introduce a single point of failure. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed model-based prognostics scheme that formally describes how to decompose both the estimation and prediction problems into computationally-independent local subproblems whose solutions may be easily composed into a global solution. The decomposition of the prognostics problem is achieved through structural decomposition of the underlying models. The decomposition algorithm creates from the global system model a set of local submodels suitable for prognostics. Computationally independent local estimation and prediction problems are formed based on these local submodels, resulting in a scalable distributed prognostics approach that allows the local subproblems to be solved in parallel, thus offering increases in computational efficiency. Using a centrifugal pump as a case study, we perform a number of simulation-based experiments to demonstrate the distributed approach, compare the performance with a centralized approach, and establish its scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTED computing
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
N1  - Accession Number: 96313142; Source Information: Jun2014, Vol. 63 Issue 2, p495; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTED computing; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 16p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2014.2313791
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sankararaman, Shankar
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Uncertainty Quantification in Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using First-Order Reliability Methods.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
PY  - 2014/06//
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 603
EP  - 619
SN  - 00189529
AB  - In this paper, we investigate the use of first-order reliability methods to quantify the uncertainty in the remaining useful life (RUL) estimate of components used in engineering applications. The prediction of RUL is affected by several sources of uncertainty, and it is important to systematically quantify their combined effect on the RUL prediction in order to aid risk assessment, risk mitigation, and decision-making. While sampling-based algorithms have been conventionally used for quantifying the uncertainty in RUL, analytical approaches are computationally cheaper, and sometimes they are better suited for online decision-making. Exact analytical algorithms may not be available for practical engineering applications, but effective approximations can be made using first-order reliability methods. This paper describes three first-order reliability-based methods for RUL uncertainty quantification: first-order second moment method (FOSM), the first-order reliability method (FORM), and the inverse first-order reliability method (inverse-FORM). The inverse-FORM methodology is particularly useful in the context of online health monitoring, and this method is illustrated using the power system of an unmanned aerial vehicle, where the goal is to predict the end of discharge of a lithium-ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 96313138; Source Information: Jun2014, Vol. 63 Issue 2, p603; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 17p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2014.2313801
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=96313138&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cumbers, John
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
T1  - Salt tolerance and polyphyly in the cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis ( Pleurocapsales).
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 482
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Chroococcidiopsis Geitler ( Geitler 1933) is a genus of cyanobacteria containing desiccation and radiation resistant strains. Members of the genus live in habitats ranging from hot and cold deserts to fresh and saltwater environments. Morphology and cell division pattern have historically been used to define the genus. To better understand the evolution and ability of the Chroococcidiopsis genus to survive in diverse environments we investigated how salt tolerance varies among 15 strains previously isolated from different locations, and if salt tolerant strains are monophyletic to those isolated from freshwater and land environments. Four markers were sequenced from these 15 strains, the 16S r RNA, rbcL, desC1, and gltX genes. Phylogenetic trees were generated which identified a distinct clade of salt-tolerant strains. This study demonstrates that the genus is polyphyletic based on saltwater and freshwater phenotypes. To understand the resistance to salt in more details, the strains were grown on a range of sea salt concentrations which demonstrated that the freshwater strains were salt-intolerant whilst the saltwater strains required salt for growth. This study shows an increased resolution of the phylogeny of Chroococcidiopsis and provides further evidence that the genus is polyphyletic and should be reclassified to improve clarity in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Saline waters
KW  - Cell division (Biology)
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - MORPHOLOGY
KW  - Dehydration (Physiology)
KW  - Phenotype
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Chroococcidiopsis
KW  - extremophile
KW  - halophile
KW  - halophyly
KW  - halotolerance
KW  - moderate halophile
KW  - phylogenetics
KW  - Pleurocapsales
KW  - salt tolerance
N1  - Accession Number: 96324552; Cumbers, John 1,2; Rothschild, Lynn J. 2,3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Space Portal/SynBioBeta, NASA Ames Research Center; 2: Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University; 3: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p472; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacteria; Thesaurus Term: Saline waters; Thesaurus Term: Cell division (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Habitat (Ecology); Thesaurus Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: Dehydration (Physiology); Subject Term: Phenotype; Subject Term: Bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chroococcidiopsis; Author-Supplied Keyword: extremophile; Author-Supplied Keyword: halophile; Author-Supplied Keyword: halophyly; Author-Supplied Keyword: halotolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: moderate halophile; Author-Supplied Keyword: phylogenetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pleurocapsales; Author-Supplied Keyword: salt tolerance; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jpy.12169
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finley, Andrew O.
AU  - Banerjee, Sudipto
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
T1  - Bayesian hierarchical models for spatially misaligned data in R.
JO  - Methods in Ecology & Evolution
JF  - Methods in Ecology & Evolution
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 514
EP  - 523
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 2041210X
AB  - Spatial misalignment occurs when at least one of multiple outcome variables is missing at an observed location. For spatial data, prediction of these missing observations should be informed by within location association among outcomes and by proximate locations where measurements were recorded., This study details and illustrates a Bayesian regression framework for modelling spatially misaligned multivariate data. Particular attention is paid to developing valid probability models capable of estimating parameter posterior distributions and propagating uncertainty through to outcomes' predictive distributions at locations where some or all of the outcomes are not observed., Models and associated software are presented for both Gaussian and non-Gaussian outcomes. Model parameter and predictive inference within the proposed framework is illustrated using a synthetic and forest inventory data set., The proposed Markov chain Monte carlo samplers were written in c++ and leverage R's Foreign Language Interface to call fortran blas (Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms) and lapack (Linear Algebra Package) libraries for efficient matrix computations. The models are implemented in the spMisalignLM and spMisalignGLM functions within the spBayes r package available via the Comprehensive R Archive Network ( cran) (). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Methods in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Distribution (Probability theory)
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - Bayesian analysis
KW  - Programming languages (Electronic computers)
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Markov processes
KW  - Modern languages
KW  - Gaussian spatial process
KW  - linear model of coregionalization
KW  - Markov chain Monte Carlo
KW  - misalignment
KW  - missingness
KW  - multivariate
N1  - Accession Number: 96408635; Finley, Andrew O. 1; Banerjee, Sudipto 2; Cook, Bruce D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Forestry, Michigan State University 126 Natural Resources Building,; 2: Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota A460 Mayo Building, MMC 303; 3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 5 Issue 6, p514; Subject Term: Distribution (Probability theory); Subject Term: Monte Carlo method; Subject Term: Bayesian analysis; Subject Term: Programming languages (Electronic computers); Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Markov processes; Subject Term: Modern languages; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian spatial process; Author-Supplied Keyword: linear model of coregionalization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Markov chain Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: misalignment; Author-Supplied Keyword: missingness; Author-Supplied Keyword: multivariate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511210 Software Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/2041-210X.12189
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - B. Franz, Heather
AU  - G. Trainer, Melissa
AU  - H. Wong, Michael
AU  - L.K. Manning, Heidi
AU  - C. Stern, Jennifer
AU  - R. Mahaffy, Paul
AU  - K. Atreya, Sushil
AU  - Benna, Mehdi
AU  - G. Conrad, Pamela
AU  - N. Harpold, Dan
AU  - A. Leshin, Laurie
AU  - A. Malespin, Charles
AU  - P. McKay, Christopher
AU  - Thomas Nolan, J.
AU  - Raaen, Eric
T1  - Analytical techniques for retrieval of atmospheric composition with the quadrupole mass spectrometer of the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite on Mars Science Laboratory.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 113
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite is the largest scientific payload on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover, which landed in Mars׳ Gale Crater in August 2012. As a miniature geochemical laboratory, SAM is well-equipped to address multiple aspects of MSL׳s primary science goal, characterizing the potential past or present habitability of Gale Crater. Atmospheric measurements support this goal through compositional investigations relevant to martian climate evolution. SAM instruments include a quadrupole mass spectrometer, a tunable laser spectrometer, and a gas chromatograph that are used to analyze martian atmospheric gases as well as volatiles released by pyrolysis of solid surface materials (Mahaffy et al., 2012). This report presents analytical methods for retrieving the chemical and isotopic composition of Mars׳ atmosphere from measurements obtained with SAM׳s quadrupole mass spectrometer. It provides empirical calibration constants for computing volume mixing ratios of the most abundant atmospheric species and analytical functions to correct for instrument artifacts and to characterize measurement uncertainties. Finally, we discuss differences in volume mixing ratios of the martian atmosphere as determined by SAM (Mahaffy et al., 2013) and Viking (Owen et al., 1977; Oyama and Berdahl, 1977) from an analytical perspective. Although the focus of this paper is atmospheric observations, much of the material concerning corrections for instrumental effects also applies to reduction of data acquired with SAM from analysis of solid samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - Quadrupole mass analyzers
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Observations
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Curiosity Rover
KW  - Isotopes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory
KW  - Sample Analysis at Mars investigation
N1  - Accession Number: 96188171; B. Franz, Heather 1,2; Email Address: heather.b.franz@nasa.gov; G. Trainer, Melissa 2; H. Wong, Michael 3; L.K. Manning, Heidi 4; C. Stern, Jennifer 2; R. Mahaffy, Paul 2; K. Atreya, Sushil 3; Benna, Mehdi 1,2; G. Conrad, Pamela 2; N. Harpold, Dan 2; A. Leshin, Laurie 5; A. Malespin, Charles 2,6; P. McKay, Christopher 7; Thomas Nolan, J. 2,8; Raaen, Eric 2; Affiliations: 1: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology, UMBC, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 2: Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; 4: Concordia College, Moorhead, MN 56562, USA; 5: Renssalaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; 6: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 7: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 8: Nolan Engineering, LLC, Kensington, MD 20895, USA; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 96, p99; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Atmospheric composition; Subject Term: Quadrupole mass analyzers; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curiosity Rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sample Analysis at Mars investigation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2014.03.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mckay, Christopher P.
AU  - Garcia, Victor Parro
T1  - HOW TO SEARCH FOR LIFE ON MARS.
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 310
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 49
PB  - Scientific American
SN  - 00368733
AB  - The article discusses the search for life on Mars, focusing on examination of scientific techniques and methods as of June 2014 that could be used on a Mars mission to test for signs of life. Topics include criticism of the methods used by the Viking spacecraft missions in 1976 to test for life on Mars, the implications of the discoveries of organic compounds and evidence of former liquid water on Mars, and the application of techniques such as DNA detection and immunoassays on future missions.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - WATER
KW  - Life on Mars
KW  - Mars probes -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Exploration
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Viking spacecraft
N1  - Accession Number: 96101300; Mckay, Christopher P. 1; Garcia, Victor Parro 2; Affiliations: 1: Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center; 2: Scientist, Center for Astrobiology in Spain; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 310 Issue 6, p44; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Exobiology; Thesaurus Term: WATER; Subject Term: Life on Mars; Subject Term: Mars probes -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Exploration; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Viking spacecraft; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2576
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Chandler, William S.
AU  - Hoell, James M.
AU  - Westberg, David J.
T1  - DERIVING THE DNI FROM THE GHI OF THE NASA GEWEX SRB DATA USING A GLOBAL-TOBEAM MODEL: IMPROVEMENT AND EXTENSION OF THE NASA SSE DATASETS.
JO  - SOLAR Conference Proceedings
JF  - SOLAR Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 2
M3  - Conference Paper
SP  - 265
EP  - 269
PB  - American Solar Energy Society
AB  - The current version of the NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Datasets, SSE (Rel. 6.0), derived its monthly mean direct normal irradiances (DNIs) directly from the NASA GEWEX SRB (Rel. 3.0) monthly mean global horizontal irradiances (GHIs) and the employed methodology relates the DNI to GHI in terms of monthly mean clearness index, latitudinal range, and solar geometry on the monthly average day. The coefficients of the relations were empirically derived from regression analysis of the BSRN data over the period from 1992 to 2005. While the derived monthly mean SSE (Rel. 6.0) DNIs show reasonable agreement with their BSRN counterparts, improvements in the quality of the dataset and DNIs on shorter time scales were realized through the application of the D1RINDEX model to the 3-hourly GHIs of the NASA GEWEX SRB (Rel. 3.0) data to produce 3- hourly DNIs. The DIRINDEX model is a combination of the DIR1NT model and a simplified version of the SOLIS clear-sky model, and the model was modified to accommodate a wider range of input parameters than originally designed. Additional input parameters include solar geometric, geographic and atmospheric parameters. The results are 3-hourly, daily, and monthly mean DNIs spanning 2000 to 2005 on a quasi-equalarea grid system of 44016 grid cells covering the entire globe. The data are then re-gridded onto a l°x l° grid system for the convenience of users. The resulting monthly mean DNIs show better agreement with the BSRN data than the SSE (Rel. 6.0) DNIs do. To further improve the results, we assimilated the ground-based BSRN data into the DNIs using the inverse-distance interpolation in the latitude-longitude-cosine of solar zenith angle phase space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SOLAR Conference Proceedings is the property of American Solar Energy Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Surface meteorology
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Interpolation
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 118724689; Taiping Zhang 1; Email Address: Taiping.Zhang@NASA.gov; Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 2; Email Address: Paul.W.Stackhouse@NASA.gov; Chandler, William S. 1; Email Address: William.S.Chandler@NASA.gov; Hoell, James M. 1; Email Address: James.M.Hoell@NASA.gov; Westberg, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Westberg@NASA.gov; Affiliations: 1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200 Hampton, VA 23666-5845; 2: NASA Langley Research Center Mail Stop 420 Hampton, VA 23681-2199; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 2, p265; Thesaurus Term: Solar energy; Subject Term: Surface meteorology; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Interpolation ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Conference Paper
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mika, Kathryn
AU  - Ginsburg, David
AU  - Lee, Christine
AU  - Thulsiraj, Vanessa
AU  - Jay, Jennifer
T1  - Fecal Indicator Bacteria Levels Do Not Correspond with Incidence of Human-Associated HF183 Bacteroides 16S rRNA Genetic Marker in Two Urban Southern California Watersheds.
JO  - Water, Air & Soil Pollution
JF  - Water, Air & Soil Pollution
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 225
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00496979
AB  - The variability of levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and a human-associated genetic marker (HF183) during wet and dry weather conditions was investigated at two urban coastal watersheds in Southern California: Santa Monica Canyon channel (SMC) and Ventura Harbor, Keys, and Marina. Seventy-eight to 86 % of the samples collected from SMC sites exceeded standard water quality standards for FIB ( n = 59 to 76). At SMC, HF183 was present in 58 % of the samples ( n = 78) and was detected at least once at every sample site. No individual site at SMC appeared as a hotspot for the measured indicators, pointing to a likely chronic issue stemming from urban runoff in wet and dry weather. In Ventura, the Arundell Barranca, which drains into Ventura Harbor and Marina, was a source of FIB, and HF183 was most frequently detected off of a dock in the Marina. Rainfall significantly increased FIB levels at both SMC and Ventura; only at Ventura did HF183 detection increase with wet weather. Sample locations that were high in FIB were geographically distinct from the sites that were high in HF183 in Ventura, which supports the importance of measuring host-associated parameters along with FIB in chronically impaired watersheds to guide water quality managers in pollution remediation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Water, Air & Soil Pollution is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Bioindicators
KW  - Genetic markers
KW  - Watersheds -- California
KW  - Water quality management
KW  - Bacteroides
KW  - Ribosomal RNA
KW  - Fecal indicator bacteria
KW  - FIB
KW  - HF183
KW  - Sand
KW  - Source tracking
KW  - Tiered approach
KW  - Water quality
N1  - Accession Number: 96693483; Mika, Kathryn 1; Email Address: katie411@ucla.edu; Ginsburg, David 2; Lee, Christine 3; Thulsiraj, Vanessa 4; Jay, Jennifer 4; Email Address: jennyjay@ucla.edu; Affiliations: 1: Institute of the Environment and Sustainablility, University of California, Los Angeles, Suite 300 Los Angeles 90095 USA; 2: Environmental Studies Program, University of Southern California, 3502 Trousdale Parkway Los Angeles 90089-0036 USA; 3: Earth Science Division, American Association for the Advancement of Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, 300 E St SW Washington 20546 USA; 4: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, 420 Westwood Plaza, 5732H Boelter Hall Los Angeles 90095 USA; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 225 Issue 6, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Bioindicators; Subject Term: Genetic markers; Subject Term: Watersheds -- California; Subject Term: Water quality management; Subject Term: Bacteroides; Subject Term: Ribosomal RNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fecal indicator bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: FIB; Author-Supplied Keyword: HF183; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sand; Author-Supplied Keyword: Source tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tiered approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water quality; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11270-014-1960-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=96693483&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Melack, John
AU  - Engle, Diana
T1  - Modeling Methane Emissions from Amazon Floodplain Ecosystems.
JO  - Wetlands
JF  - Wetlands
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 511
SN  - 02775212
AB  - A new process-based simulation model to estimate methane emissions from Amazon floodplain ecosystems is described and evaluated in comparison to independent measurements of methane fluxes. The model's three major components are 1) types of wetland vegetation and the changes in water level, temperature and dissolved oxygen of flooded areas, 2) plant production, biomass accumulation, and litterfall decay in soils and sediments, and 3) methane production and transport pathways through the water column and into the atmosphere. Ecological and limnological data from Lake Calado, a well-studied site in the central Amazon basin, were used to develop the model. One set of model simulations were generated for floating macrophytes. Predicted rates of CH emission to the atmosphere by all simulated transfer pathways were typically in the range of 0.25 to 0.33 g C m day. Simulated CH emissions from flooded forests were predicted to be around 0.25 g m day, nearly all by ebullition. These rates compare favorably to rates measured in Amazon floodplain habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Wetlands is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Methane
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Water levels
KW  - Floodplains
KW  - Amazon
KW  - Floodplain
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Wetlands
N1  - Accession Number: 96107703; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: Chris.Potter@nasa.gov; Melack, John; Email Address: melack@bren.ucsb.edu; Engle, Diana 2; Email Address: DianaE@lwa.com; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Biospherics Science Branch, Moffett Field USA; 2: Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara USA; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p501; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Water levels; Thesaurus Term: Floodplains; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Floodplain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wetlands; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s13157-014-0516-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 109881282
T1  - CAVES as an Environment for Astronaut Training...Wilderness Environ Med. 2013 Dec;24(4):445-9
AU  - Strapazzon, Giacomo
AU  - Pilo, Luca
AU  - Bessone, Loredana
AU  - Barratt, Michael R
Y1  - 2014/06//2014 Jun
N1  - Accession Number: 109881282. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150814. Revision Date: 20150923. Publication Type: Journal Article; commentary; letter. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9505185. 
KW  - Aerospace Medicine -- Education
KW  - Emergency Medicine -- Education
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Medicine -- Education
SP  - 244
EP  - 245
JO  - Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.)
JF  - Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.)
JA  - WILDERNESS ENVIRON MED
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
CY  - Lawrence, Kansas
PB  - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.
SN  - 1080-6032
AD  - EURAC Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Bolzano, Italy CNSAS Italian Mountain and Cave Rescue Service Milano, Italy.
AD  - CNSAS Italian Mountain and Cave Rescue Service Milano, Italy.
AD  - Directorate of Human Space Flight and Operations European Space Agency, Köln, Germany.
AD  - NASA Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX.
U2  - PMID: 24631231.
DO  - 10.1016/j.wem.2013.12.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Strapazzon, Giacomo
AU  - Pilo, Luca
AU  - Bessone, Loredana
AU  - Barratt, Michael R.
T1  - CAVES as an Environment for Astronaut Training.
JO  - Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (Elsevier Science)
JF  - Wilderness & Environmental Medicine (Elsevier Science)
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Letter
SP  - 244
EP  - 245
SN  - 10806032
N1  - Accession Number: 96274604; Strapazzon, Giacomo 1; Pilo, Luca 2; Bessone, Loredana 3; Barratt, Michael R. 4; Affiliations: 1: EURAC Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine Bolzano, Italy CNSAS Italian Mountain and Cave Rescue Service Milano, Italy; 2: CNSAS Italian Mountain and Cave Rescue Service Milano, Italy; 3: Directorate of Human Space Flight and Operations European Space Agency, Köln, Germany; 4: NASA Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p244; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1016/j.wem.2013.12.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 107850636
T1  - Prospective Memory in Complex Sociotechnical Systems.
AU  - Grundgeiger, Tobias
AU  - Sanderson, Penelope M.
AU  - Dismukes, R. Key
Y1  - 2014/06//
N1  - Accession Number: 107850636. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140523. Revision Date: 20150712. Publication Type: Journal Article; pictorial; review; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Continental Europe; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Editorial Board Reviewed; Europe; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology. NLM UID: 101313724. 
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Memory
KW  - Clinical Information Systems
KW  - Theory
KW  - Visual Perception
KW  - Cues
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
KW  - Aviation
SP  - 100
EP  - 109
JO  - Zeitschrift fur Psychologie
JF  - Zeitschrift fur Psychologie
JA  - ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOLOGIE
VL  - 222
IS  - 2
CY  - Boston, Massachusetts
PB  - Hogrefe Verlag GmbH & Co. KG
SN  - 2190-8370
AD  - Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
AD  - University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA
DO  - 2151-2604/a000171
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arens, Ellen E.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
T1  - Intensity calibrated hydrogen flame spectrum.
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2014/06/05/
VL  - 39
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 9545
EP  - 9551
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: The detection of hydrogen fires is important to the aerospace community. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has devoted significant effort to the development, testing, and installation of hydrogen fire detectors based on ultraviolet, near-infrared, mid-infrared, and/or far-infrared flame emission bands. Yet, there is no intensity calibrated hydrogen-air flame spectrum over this range in the literature and consequently, it can be difficult to compare the merits of different radiation-based hydrogen fire detectors. In this paper we present an intensity calibrated irradiance spectrum for a low pressure hydrogen flame burning in air from 200 nm to 13.5 microns that varies by more than six orders of magnitude. The results resolve relative intensity errors between spectral bands that appear within the literature. The impact of the measured spectrum on the choice of radiation-based hydrogen fire detectors is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Hydrogen flames
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Spectral irradiance
KW  - Fire detection
KW  - Flame spectroscopy
KW  - Hydrogen fire detection
KW  - Hydrogen flame spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared fire detection
KW  - Ultraviolet fire detection
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 96020814; Arens, Ellen E. 1; Youngquist, Robert C. 1; Email Address: Robert.C.Youngquist@nasa.gov; Starr, Stanley O. 1; Affiliations: 1: Mail-Stop NE-L5, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 39 Issue 17, p9545; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Hydrogen flames; Subject Term: Aerospace engineering; Subject Term: Spectral irradiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen flame spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet fire detection ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Xiao, Xiangming
AU  - Suyker, Andrew
AU  - Verma, Shashi
AU  - Tan, Bin
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
T1  - Estimation of crop gross primary production (GPP): I. impact of MODIS observation footprint and impact of vegetation BRDF characteristics.
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2014/06/15/
VL  - 191
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 63
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Highlights: [•] We report MODIS observation footprint impact and BRDF impact on crop daily GPP estimates. [•] Both impacts varied with crop types, irrigation options, and vegetation index options. [•] Crop daily GPP estimation reduced uncertainty by combining only observations with view angle ≤35°. [•] The model with offset had better performance than the model without offset. [•] EVI and CIgreen had different probabilities to perform best among the four VIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Agricultural productivity
KW  - Irrigation
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Probability theory
KW  - BRDF
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Daily GPP
KW  - Footprint
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 95216073; Zhang, Qingyuan 1,2; Email Address: qyz72@yahoo.com; Cheng, Yen-Ben 2,3; Lyapustin, Alexei I. 4; Wang, Yujie 2,5; Xiao, Xiangming 6; Suyker, Andrew 7; Verma, Shashi 7; Tan, Bin 8; Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Unversities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA; 2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Code 618, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Earth Resources Technology, Inc. , Laurel, MD 20707, USA; 4: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Code 613, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; 6: Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA; 7: School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; 8: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706 USA; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 191, p51; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural productivity; Thesaurus Term: Irrigation; Thesaurus Term: Agriculture; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject Term: Probability theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: BRDF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: Daily GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Footprint; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Q.-L.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Joseph, E.
AU  - Morris, V.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Li, S.W.
AU  - Wang, S.
T1  - Impacts of mineral dust on ice clouds in tropical deep convection systems.
JO  - Atmospheric Research
JF  - Atmospheric Research
Y1  - 2014/06/15/
VL  - 143
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 72
SN  - 01698095
AB  - Abstract: Multi-platform and multi-sensor observations are used to study the impacts of mineral dust on ice clouds of tropical deep convection systems based on one massive Sahara dust event. The comparisons of cloud properties between dust-laden and dust-free conditions support the hypothesis that the presence of large concentrations of mineral dust produces more ice particles at warmer temperature through heterogeneous nucleation processes. Water vapor competition limits ice particles' growth and results in relatively small sizes of ice particles and a narrow distribution of effective particle diameter in non-precipitating ice clouds, particularly at upper layer with temperatures colder than −40 to −50°C. On the other hand, precipitating ice clouds with sufficient water vapor supply have greater ice water paths under dust-laden conditions than under dust-free conditions. The results also suggest that mineral dusts may invigorate the convection and enhance water vapor supply in deep convective precipitating clouds, lifting ice particles to higher altitudes. Additional study illustrates that the observed microphysical changes of ice clouds in the deep convection systems are not simply due to the differences of large-scale dynamics and thermodynamics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mineral dusts
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Heat -- Convection
KW  - Effective diameter
KW  - Heterogeneous nucleation
KW  - Homogeneous nucleation
KW  - Ice cloud
KW  - Mineral dust aerosol
KW  - Satellite observation
N1  - Accession Number: 95626954; Min, Q.-L. 1; Email Address: qmin@albany.edu; Li, R. 1,2; Lin, B. 3; Joseph, E. 4; Morris, V. 4; Hu, Y. 3; Li, S.W. 1,4; Wang, S. 1,5; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, United States; 2: Key Laboratory of the Atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation, CAS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; 3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, United States; 4: NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Howard University, United States; 5: College of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, China; Issue Info: Jun2014, Vol. 143, p64; Thesaurus Term: Mineral dusts; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Environmental impact analysis; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Subject Term: Heat -- Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Effective diameter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heterogeneous nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homogeneous nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineral dust aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.01.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=95626954&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Future Tense: The Chatbot and the Drone.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 111
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article discusses a reportedly fictitious conversation between a drone aircraft and a chatbot device as of July 2014, focusing on autonomous designs, daydreams, and the counterterrorism-related functions of some drone devices. According to the article, a chatbot is a computer device that is designed to talk with humans. Guilt is mentioned in relation to the drone aircraft's decision to shoot a suspected terrorist. Artificial intelligence is examined in regards to a chatbot's database of seven hundred billion human conversations.
KW  - INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software)
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - AUTONOMOUS robots -- Social aspects
KW  - DRONE aircraft -- Social aspects
KW  - CONVERSATION -- Social aspects
KW  - GUILT (Psychology)
KW  - SOCIAL aspects
KW  - FANTASY
KW  - SOFTWARE
N1  - Accession Number: 96868783; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Researcher, NASA’s John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Issue Info: Jul2014, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p112; Thesaurus Term: INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software); Thesaurus Term: DATABASES; Thesaurus Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: AUTONOMOUS robots -- Social aspects; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft -- Social aspects; Subject Term: CONVERSATION -- Social aspects; Subject Term: GUILT (Psychology); Subject Term: SOCIAL aspects; Subject Term: FANTASY; Subject Term: SOFTWARE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/2631171
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=96868783&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Karen E.
AU  - Callahan, Michael P.
AU  - Gerakines, Perry A.
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
AU  - House, Christopher H.
T1  - Investigation of pyridine carboxylic acids in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites: Potential precursor molecules for ancient coenzymes.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 136
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The distribution and abundances of pyridine carboxylic acids (including nicotinic acid) in eight CM2 carbonaceous chondrites (ALH 85013, DOM 03183, DOM 08003, EET 96016, LAP 02333, LAP 02336, LEW 85311, and WIS 91600) were investigated by liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection and high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. We find that pyridine monocarboxylic acids are prevalent in CM2-type chondrites and their abundance negatively correlates with the degree of pre-terrestrial aqueous alteration that the meteorite parent body experienced. We also report the first detection of pyridine dicarboxylic acids in carbonaceous chondrites. Additionally, we carried out laboratory studies of proton-irradiated pyridine in carbon dioxide-rich ices (a 1:1 mixture) to serve as a model of the interstellar ice chemistry that may have led to the synthesis of pyridine carboxylic acids. Analysis of the irradiated ice residue shows that a comparable suite of pyridine mono- and dicarboxylic acids was produced, although aqueous alteration may still play a role in the synthesis (and ultimate yield) of these compounds in carbonaceous meteorites. Nicotinic acid is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a likely ancient molecule used in cellular metabolism in all of life, and its common occurrence in CM2 chondrites may indicate that meteorites may have been a source of molecules for the emergence of more complex coenzymes on the early Earth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chemical precursors
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Pyridine
KW  - Carboxylic acids
KW  - Carbonaceous chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - Coenzymes
N1  - Accession Number: 96188462; Smith, Karen E. 1; Email Address: karen.e.smith@nasa.gov; Callahan, Michael P. 2; Gerakines, Perry A. 2; Dworkin, Jason P. 2; House, Christopher H. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 220 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 2: Solar System Exploration Division and the Goddard Center for Astrobiology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Jul2014, Vol. 136, p1; Thesaurus Term: Chemical precursors; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Pyridine; Subject Term: Carboxylic acids; Subject Term: Carbonaceous chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: Coenzymes; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=96188462&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Mori Mani
AU  - Rider, Ben
AU  - Zickuhr, Tom
AU  - Levy, David W.
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Eisfeld, Bernhard
AU  - Crippa, Simone
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Mitsuhiro Murayama
T1  - Summary of the Fourth AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1070
EP  - 1089
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Fourth AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop are summarized. The workshop focused on the prediction of both absolute and differential drag levels for wing-body and wing-body/horizontal-tail configurations of the NASA Common Research Model, which is representative of transonic transport aircraft. Numerical calculations are performed using industry-relevant test cases that include lift-specific flight conditions, trimmed drag polars, downwash variations, drag rises, and Reynolds-number effects. Drag, lift, and pitching moment predictions from numerous Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics methods are presented. Solutions are performed on structured, unstructured, and hybrid grid systems. The structured-grid sets include point-matched multiblock meshes and overset grid systems. The unstructured and hybrid grid sets comprise tetrahedral, pyramid, prismatic, and hexahedral elements. Effort is made to provide a high-quality and parametrically consistent family of grids for each grid type about each configuration under study. The wing-body/horizontal families comprise coarse, medium, and fine grids; an optional extrafine grid augments several of the grid families. These mesh sequences are used to determine asymptotic grid-convergence characteristics of the solution sets and to estimate grid-converged absolute drag levels of the wing-body/horizontal configuration using Richardson extrapolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
N1  - Accession Number: 97629017; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1070; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 20p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032418
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629017&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
T1  - Statistical Analysis of the Fourth Drag Prediction Workshop Computational Fluid Dynamics Solutions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1090
EP  - 1100
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A statistical analysis of the results from an extensive N-version test of a collection of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes is presented. The solutions were obtained by code developers and users from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Russia using a variety of grid systems and turbulence models for the June 2009 Fourth Drag Prediction Workshop sponsored by the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Technical Committee. The aerodynamic configuration for this workshop was a new subsonic transport model, the Common Research Model, designed using a modern approach for the wing and included a horizontal tail. The fourth workshop focused on the prediction of both absolute and incremental drag levels for wing-body and wing-body-horizontal-tail configurations. This work continues the statistical analysis begun in the earlier workshops, and compares the results from the grid-convergence study of the most recent workshop with earlier workshops using the statistical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629018; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1090; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032737
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629018&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sclafani, Anthony J.
AU  - DeHaan, Mark A.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Pulliam, Thomas H.
T1  - Drag Prediction for the Common Research Model Using CFL3D and OVERFLOW.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1101
EP  - 1117
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In response to the fourth AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop, the NASA Common Research Model wing-body and wing-body-tail configurations are analyzed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers CFL3D and OVERFLOW. Two families of structured, overset grids are built. Grid Family 1 consists of a coarse (7.2 million), medium (16.9 million), fine (56.5 million), and extra-fine (189.4 million) mesh. Grid Family 2 is an extension of the first and includes a super-fine (714.2 million) and an ultra-fine (2.4 billion) mesh. The medium grid anchors both families with an established build process for accurate cruise drag prediction studies. This base mesh is coarsened and enhanced to form a set of parametrically equivalent grids that increase in size by a factor of roughly 3.4 from one level to the next denser level. Both CFL3D and OVERFLOW are run on Grid Family 1 using a consistent numerical approach. Additional OVERFLOW runs are made to study effects of differencing scheme and turbulence model on Grid Family 1 and to obtain results for Grid Family 2. All CFD results are post-processed using Richardson extrapolation, and approximate grid-converged values of drag are compared. The medium grid is also used to compute a trimmed drag polar for both codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Tail surfaces
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Research
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629019; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1101; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Tail surfaces; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Research; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 17p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032571
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629019&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee-Rausch, E. M.
AU  - Hammond, D. P.
AU  - Nielsen, E. J.
AU  - Pirzadeh, S. Z.
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
T1  - Application of the FUN3D Solver to the 4th AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1149
EP  - 1160
SN  - 00218669
AB  - FUN3D Navier-Stokes solutions were computed for the 4th AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop grid-convergence study, downwash study, and Reynolds-number study on a set of node-based mixed-element grids. All of the baseline tetrahedral grids were generated with the VGRID (developmental) advancing-layer and advancing-front grid-generation software package following the gridding guidelines developed for the workshop. With maximum grid sizes exceeding 100 million nodes, the grid-convergence study was particularly challenging for the node-based unstructured grid generators and flow solvers. At the time of the workshop, the super-fine grid with 105 million nodes and 600 million tetrahedral elements was the largest grid known to have been generated using VGRID. FUN3D Version 11.0 has a completely new pre- and postprocessing paradigm that has been incorporated directly into the solver and functions entirely in a parallel, distributed-memory environment. This feature allowed for practical preprocessing and solution times on the largest unstructured-grid size requested for the workshop. For the constant-lift grid-convergence case, the convergence of total drag is approximately second-order on the finest three grids. The variation in total drag between the finest two grids is only two counts. At the finest grid levels, only small variations in wing and tail pressure distributions are seen with grid refinement. Similarly, a small wing side-of-body separation also shows little variation at the finest grid levels. Overall, the FUN3D results compare well with the structured-grid code CFL3D. For the grid-convergence case, the FUN3D total and component forces/moments are within one standard deviation of the workshop core solution medians and are very close to the median values especially at the finest grid levels. The FUN3D downwash study and Reynolds-number study results also compare well with the range of results shown in the workshop presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Research
KW  - DOWNWASH (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - REYNOLDS number -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
N1  - Accession Number: 97629022; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1149; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Research; Subject Term: DOWNWASH (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032558
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629022&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rivers, Melissa B.
AU  - Dittberner, Ashley
T1  - Experimental Investigations of the NASA Common Research Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1193
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Experimental aerodynamic investigations of the NASA Common Research Model have been conducted in the NASA Langley National Transonic Facility and the NASA Ames 11 ft wind tunnel. Data have been obtained at chord Reynolds numbers of 5 million for five different configurations at both wind tunnels. Force and moment, surface pressure, and surface flow visualization data were obtained in both facilities, but only the force and moment data are presented herein. Nacelle/pylon, tail effects, and tunnel-to-tunnel variations have been assessed. The data from both wind tunnels show that an addition of a nacelle/pylon produced an increase in drag, a decrease in lift, and a less nose-down pitching moment around the design lift condition of 0.5 and that the tail effects also follow the expected trends. Also, nearly all of the data shown fall within the 2-sigma limits for repeatability. The tunnel-to-tunnel differences are negligible for lift and pitching moment, whereas the drag shows a difference of less than 10 counts for all of the configurations. These differences in drag may be due to the variation in the sting mounting systems at the two tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics) -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97629025; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1183; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032626
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629025&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levy, David W.
AU  - Laflin, Kelly R.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Mori Mani
AU  - Rider, Ben
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Crippa, Simone
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Mitsuhiro Murayama
T1  - Summary of Data from the Fifth Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1194
EP  - 1213
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Fifth AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop are presented. As with past workshops, numerical calculations are performed using industry-relevant geometry, methodology, and test cases. This workshop focused on force/moment predictions for the NASA Common Research Model wing-body configuration, including a grid refinement study and an optional buffet study. The grid refinement study used a common grid sequence derived from a multiblock topology structured grid. Six levels of refinement were created, resulting in grids ranging from 0.64x106 to 138x106 hexahedra, a much larger range than is typically seen. The grids were then transformed into structured overset and hexahedral, prismatic, tetrahedral, and hybrid unstructured formats all using the same basic cloud of points. This unique collection of grids was designed to isolate the effects of grid type and solution algorithm by using identical point distributions. This study showed reduced scatter and standard deviation from previous workshops. The second test case studied buffet onset at M=0.85 using the medium grid (5.1x106 nodes) from the sequence described earlier. The prescribed alpha sweep used finely spaced intervals through the zone where wing separation was expected to begin. Some solutions exhibited a large side of body separation bubble that was not observed in the wind-tunnel results. An optional third case used three sets of geometry, grids, and conditions from the Turbulence Model Resource website prepared by the Turbulence Model Benchmarking Working Group. These simple cases were intended to help identify potential differences in turbulence model implementation. Although a few outliers and issues affecting consistency were identified, the majority of participants produced consistent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Tail surfaces
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629026; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1194; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Tail surfaces; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 20p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032389
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629026&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sclafani, Anthony J.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Winkler, Chad
AU  - Dorgan, Andrew J.
AU  - Mori Mani
AU  - Olsen, Michael E.
AU  - Coder, James G.
T1  - Analysis of the Common Research Model Using Structured and Unstructured Meshes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1223
EP  - 1243
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Two general-purpose Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers, OVERFLOW and BCFD, are used to analyze the NASA Common Research Model in a wing-body configuration. The codes are run on structured and unstructured common-grid families built specifically for the Fifth AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop, allowing for a meaningful comparison of data. The results from a grid-convergence study are evaluated for each solver and grid type with focus on isolating individual effects of turbulence model and differencing scheme on computed forces, moments, and wing pressures. A medium mesh consisting of 5.1 million cells is used for a buffet-onset study to better understand variations in high-speed wing-separation prediction driven by the strengthening shock and by corner-flow physics at the wing-body juncture. Numerical simulation of side-of-body separation continues to be a challenge for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes methods, in which solutions are sensitive to grid density and turbulence model, among other variables. However, a newly developed quadratic constitutive relation is employed with favorable results. Two additional studies are conducted to 1) investigate how well common-grid solutions compare with those on a grid built using best practices for a given flow solver, and 2) quantify the effects of transition and wing twist to provide insight on how the comparisons of computational fluid dynamics results with experimental data may be influenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Research
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629028; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1223; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Research; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 21p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032411
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629028&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Michael A.
AU  - Laflin, Kelly R.
AU  - Chaffin, Mark S.
AU  - Powell, Nicholas
AU  - Levy, David W.
T1  - CFL3D, FUN3D, and NSU3D Contributions to the Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1268
EP  - 1283
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results presented at the Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop using CFL3D, FUN3D, and NSU3D are described. These are calculations on the workshop-provided grids and drag-adapted grids. The NSU3D results have been updated to reflect an improvement to skin-friction calculation on skewed grids. FUN3D results generated after the workshop are included for custom participant-generated grids, as well as a grid from a previous workshop. Uniform grid refinement at the design condition shows a tight grouping in calculated drag, where the variation in the pressure component of drag is larger than the skin-friction component. At this design condition, a fine-grid drag value was predicted with a smaller drag adjoint adapted grid via tetrahedral adaption to a metric and mixed-element subdivision. The buffet study produced a larger variation than the design case, which is attributed to large differences in the predicted side-of-body separation extent. Various modeling and discretization approaches had a strong impact on predicted side-of-body separation. A summary of similar published studies is provided to place these observations in context. This large wing-root separation bubble was not observed in wind-tunnel tests, indicating that more work is necessary in modeling wing-root juncture flows to consistently predict experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems) -- Research
KW  - FRICTION drag
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
N1  - Accession Number: 97629030; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1268; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems) -- Research; Subject Term: FRICTION drag; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 16p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032613
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629030&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keye, Stefan
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf
AU  - Rivers, Melissa B.
T1  - Investigation of Aeroelastic Effects on the NASA Common Research Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1323
EP  - 1330
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Static fluid-structure coupled simulations were performed on NASA's Common Research Model to assess the influence of aeroelastic effects on the numerical prediction of the overall aerodynamic coefficients and wing static pressure distributions. The numerical results of both rigid steady-state computational fluid dynamics and static aeroelastic coupled simulations were compared to the experimental data from wind tunnel test campaigns at NASA's National Transonic Facility and the NASA Ames Research Center's 11-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel Facility. Coupled analyses were performed using an in-house simulation procedure built around the German Aerospace Research Center's flow solver TAU and the commercial finite element analysis code NASTRAN®. The results show a considerable reduction of deviations between the computational results obtained during the fourth and fifth AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshops and the measured data when aeroelastic wing deformations are taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Testing
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis -- Research
KW  - STATIC pressure -- Research
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629034; Source Information: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1323; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Testing; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis -- Research; Subject Term: STATIC pressure -- Research; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032598
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=97629034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Tzortziou, Maria
AU  - Follette-Cook, Melanie
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Goldberg, Daniel
AU  - Satam, Chinmay
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Knapp, David J.
AU  - Montzka, Denise D.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - Impact of Bay-Breeze Circulations on Surface Air Quality and Boundary Layer Export.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 53
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1697
EP  - 1713
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Meteorological and air-quality model simulations are analyzed alongside observations to investigate the role of the Chesapeake Bay breeze on surface air quality, pollutant transport, and boundary layer venting. A case study was conducted to understand why a particular day was the only one during an 11-day ship-based field campaign on which surface ozone was not elevated in concentration over the Chesapeake Bay relative to the closest upwind site and why high ozone concentrations were observed aloft by in situ aircraft observations. Results show that southerly winds during the overnight and early-morning hours prevented the advection of air pollutants from the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan areas over the surface waters of the bay. A strong and prolonged bay breeze developed during the late morning and early afternoon along the western coastline of the bay. The strength and duration of the bay breeze allowed pollutants to converge, resulting in high concentrations locally near the bay-breeze front within the Baltimore metropolitan area, where they were then lofted to the top of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Near the top of the PBL, these pollutants were horizontally advected to a region with lower PBL heights, resulting in pollution transport out of the boundary layer and into the free troposphere. This elevated layer of air pollution aloft was transported downwind into New England by early the following morning where it likely mixed down to the surface, affecting air quality as the boundary layer grew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality -- Research
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Environmental quality
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Winds
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Chemistry, atmospheric
KW  - Regional models
KW  - Sea breezes
KW  - Transport
N1  - Accession Number: 96955418; Loughner, Christopher P. 1,2; Tzortziou, Maria 1,2; Follette-Cook, Melanie 2,3; Pickering, Kenneth E. 2; Goldberg, Daniel 4; Satam, Chinmay 5; Weinheimer, Andrew 6; Crawford, James H. 7; Knapp, David J. 6; Montzka, Denise D. 6; Diskin, Glenn S. 7; Dickerson, Russell R. 4; Affiliations: 1: * Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 3: Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland; 4: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 5: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 6: ** National Center for Atmospheric Research,++ Boulder, Colorado; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jul2014, Vol. 53 Issue 7, p1697; Thesaurus Term: Air quality -- Research; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Environmental quality; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Winds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric circulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemistry, atmospheric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea breezes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0323.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=96955418&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Yi
AU  - Hansen, Mark
AU  - Gupta, Gautam
AU  - Malik, Waqar
AU  - Jung, Yoon
T1  - Predictability impacts of airport surface automation.
JO  - Transportation Research: Part C
JF  - Transportation Research: Part C
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 44
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 145
SN  - 0968090X
AB  - Highlights: [•] We propose metrics for measuring predictability in airport surface operations. [•] We assess predictability impacts of the Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA). [•] SARDA provides significant gains in taxi-out time predictability. [•] SARDA results in moderate reductions in the entropy of the airfield state. [•] Departure sequence predictability is high with and without SARDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part C is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Airports
KW  - Automation
KW  - Prediction theory
KW  - Runways (Aeronautics)
KW  - Entropy
KW  - Airport surface operations
KW  - Gate holding
KW  - Performance metrics
KW  - Predictability
N1  - Accession Number: 96446658; Liu, Yi 1; Email Address: liuyisha@berkeley.edu; Hansen, Mark 2; Gupta, Gautam 3; Malik, Waqar 3; Jung, Yoon 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 107 McLaughlin Hall, Berkeley 94720, USA; 2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 114 McLaughlin Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 3: University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Jul2014, Vol. 44, p128; Thesaurus Term: Airports; Thesaurus Term: Automation; Subject Term: Prediction theory; Subject Term: Runways (Aeronautics); Subject Term: Entropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airport surface operations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gate holding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance metrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trc.2014.03.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=96446658&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raghavan, Ram K.
AU  - Almes, Kelli
AU  - Goodin, Doug G.
AU  - Harrington, John A.
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - Spatially Heterogeneous Land Cover/Land Use and Climatic Risk Factors of Tick-Borne Feline Cytauxzoonosis.
JO  - Vector Borne & Zoonotic Diseases
JF  - Vector Borne & Zoonotic Diseases
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 486
EP  - 495
SN  - 15303667
AB  - Background: Feline cytauxzoonosis is a highly fatal tick-borne disease caused by a hemoparasitic protozoan, Cytauxzoon felis. This disease is a leading cause of mortality for cats in the Midwestern United States, and no vaccine or effective treatment options exist. Prevention based on knowledge of risk factors is therefore vital. Associations of different environmental factors, including recent climate were evaluated as potential risk factors for cytauxzoonosis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Methods: There were 69 cases determined to be positive for cytauxzoonosis based upon positive identification of C. felis within blood film examinations, tissue impression smears, or histopathologic examination of tissues. Negative controls totaling 123 were selected from feline cases that had a history of fever, malaise, icterus, and anorexia but lack of C. felis within blood films, impression smears, or histopathologic examination of tissues. Additional criteria to rule out C. felis among controls were the presence of regenerative anemia, cytologic examination of blood marrow or lymph node aspirate, other causative agent diagnosed, or survival of 25 days or greater after testing. Potential environmental determinants were derived from publicly available sources, viz., US Department of Agriculture (soil attributes), US Geological Survey (land-cover/landscape, landscape metrics), and NASA (climate). Candidate variables were screened using univariate logistic models with a liberal p value (0.2), and associations with cytauxzoonosis were modeled using a global multivariate logistic model ( p<0.05). Spatial heterogeneity among significant variables in the study region was modeled using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach. Results: Total Edge Contrast Index (TECI), grassland-coverage, humidity conditions recorded during the 9th week prior to case arrival, and an interaction variable, 'diurnal temperature range×percent mixed forest area' were significant risk factors for cytauxzoonosis in the study region. TECI and grassland areas exhibited significant regional differences in their effects on cytauxzoonosis outcome, whereas others were uniform. Conclusions: Land-cover areas favorable for tick habitats and climatic conditions that favor the tick life cycle are strong risk factors for feline cytauxzoonosis. Spatial heterogeneity and interaction effects between land-cover and climatic variables may reveal new information when evaluating risk factors for vector-borne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Vector Borne & Zoonotic Diseases is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Tick-borne diseases
KW  - Protozoan diseases
KW  - Geographic information systems
KW  - Cats
KW  - Pathological histology
KW  - Climate
KW  - Cytauxzoonosis
KW  - Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR)
KW  - Feline
KW  - Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
KW  - Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Multivariate logistic
KW  - NASA
KW  - United States. Dept. of Agriculture
N1  - Accession Number: 97012213; Raghavan, Ram K.; Almes, Kelli 1; Goodin, Doug G. 2; Harrington, John A. 2; Stackhouse, Paul W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.; 2: Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Issue Info: Jul2014, Vol. 14 Issue 7, p486; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Tick-borne diseases; Thesaurus Term: Protozoan diseases; Thesaurus Term: Geographic information systems; Subject Term: Cats; Subject Term: Pathological histology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cytauxzoonosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Feline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical Information Systems (GIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Humidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariate logistic; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA ; Company/Entity: United States. Dept. of Agriculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/vbz.2013.1496
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=97012213&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeng, S.
AU  - Riedi, J.
AU  - Trepte, C. R.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Hu, Y.-X.
T1  - Study of global cloud droplet number concentration with A-Train satellites.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/07/15/
VL  - 14
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 7125
EP  - 7134
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is an important microphysical property of liquid clouds that impacts radiative forcing, precipitation and is pivotal for understanding cloud-aerosol interactions. Current studies of this parameter at global scales with satellite observations are still challenging, especially because retrieval algorithms developed for passive sensors (i.e., MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/Aqua) have to rely on the assumption of cloud adiabatic growth. The active sensor component of the A-Train constellation (i.e., Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)/CALIPSO) allows retrievals of CDNC from depolarization measurements at 532 nm. For such a case, the retrieval does not rely on the adiabatic assumption but instead must use a priori information on effective radius (re), which can be obtained from other passive sensors. In this paper, re values obtained from MODIS/Aqua and Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectance (POLDER)/PARASOL (two passive sensors, components of the A-Train) are used to constrain CDNC retrievals from CALIOP. Intercomparison of CDNC products retrieved from MODIS and CALIOP sensors is performed, and the impacts of cloud entrainment, drizzling, horizontal heterogeneity and effective radius are discussed. By analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of different retrieval techniques, this study aims to better understand global CDNC distribution and eventually determine cloud structure and atmospheric conditions in which they develop. The improved understanding of CDNC can contribute to future studies of global cloud-aerosol-precipitation interaction and parameterization of clouds in global climate models (GCMs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Cloud droplets
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Adiabatic processes
N1  - Accession Number: 97337759; Zeng, S. 1,2; Email Address: shan.zeng@hotmail.com; Riedi, J. 3; Trepte, C. R. 2; Winker, D. M. 2; Hu, Y.-X. 2; Affiliations: 1: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Laboratoire Optique d'Atmosphérique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 14, p7125; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Cloud droplets; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Adiabatic processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-7125-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=97337759&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flynn, Clare M.
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Lamsal, Lok
AU  - Krotkov, Nickolay
AU  - Herman, Jay
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Liu, Xiong
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Tsay, Si-Chee
AU  - Loughner, Christopher
AU  - Hains, Jennifer
AU  - Lee, Pius
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
AU  - Stehr, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Brent, Lacey
T1  - Relationship between column-density and surface mixing ratio: Statistical analysis of O3 and NO2 data from the July 2011 Maryland DISCOVER-AQ mission.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/07/15/
VL  - 92
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
EP  - 441
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: To investigate the ability of column (or partial column) information to represent surface air quality, results of linear regression analyses between surface mixing ratio data and column abundances for O3 and NO2 are presented for the July 2011 Maryland deployment of the DISCOVER-AQ mission. Data collected by the P-3B aircraft, ground-based Pandora spectrometers, Aura/OMI satellite instrument, and simulations for July 2011 from the CMAQ air quality model during this deployment provide a large and varied data set, allowing this problem to be approached from multiple perspectives. O3 columns typically exhibited a statistically significant and high degree of correlation with surface data (R 2 > 0.64) in the P-3B data set, a moderate degree of correlation (0.16 < R 2 < 0.64) in the CMAQ data set, and a low degree of correlation (R 2 < 0.16) in the Pandora and OMI data sets. NO2 columns typically exhibited a low to moderate degree of correlation with surface data in each data set. The results of linear regression analyses for O3 exhibited smaller errors relative to the observations than NO2 regressions. These results suggest that O3 partial column observations from future satellite instruments with sufficient sensitivity to the lower troposphere can be meaningful for surface air quality analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Emission control
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Spectrometers
KW  - Aircraft measurement campaign
KW  - Column–surface relationship
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - Measurement-model comparison
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 96668260; Flynn, Clare M. 1; Email Address: cflynn@atmos.umd.edu; Pickering, Kenneth E. 1,2; Crawford, James H. 3; Lamsal, Lok 4; Krotkov, Nickolay 2; Herman, Jay 5; Weinheimer, Andrew 6; Chen, Gao 3; Liu, Xiong 7; Szykman, James 8; Tsay, Si-Chee 2; Loughner, Christopher 9; Hains, Jennifer 10; Lee, Pius 11; Dickerson, Russell R. 1; Stehr, Jeffrey W. 1; Brent, Lacey 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, United States; 4: GESTAR, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States; 5: UMBC, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States; 6: NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division, United States; 7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, United States; 8: EPA, Office of Research and Development, United States; 9: ESSIC-NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States; 10: Maryland Department of the Environment, United States; 11: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, United States; Issue Info: Jul2014, Vol. 92, p429; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Thesaurus Term: Emission control; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Subject Term: Statistics; Subject Term: Spectrometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft measurement campaign; Author-Supplied Keyword: Column–surface relationship; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement-model comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mellon, Michael T.
AU  - Mckay, Christopher P.
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
T1  - Polygonal ground in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica and its relationship to ice-table depth and the recent Antarctic climate history.
JO  - Antarctic Science
JF  - Antarctic Science
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 426
SN  - 09541020
AB  - The occurrence of dry permafrost overlying ice-rich permafrost is unique to the Antarctic Dry Valleys on Earth and to the high latitudes of Mars. The stability and distribution of this ice are poorly understood and fundamental to understanding the Antarctic climate as far back as a few million years. Polygonal patterned ground is nearly ubiquitous in these regions and is integrally linked to the history of the icy permafrost and climate. We examined the morphology of polygonal ground in Beacon Valley and the Beacon Heights region of the Antarctic Dry Valleys, and show that polygon size is correlated with ice-table depth (the boundary between dry and ice-rich permafrost). A numerical model of seasonal stress in permafrost shows that the ice-table depth is a dominant factor. Remote sensing and field observations of polygon size are therefore important tools for investigating subsurface ice. Polygons are long-lived landforms and observed characteristics indicate no major fluctuations in the ice-table depth during their development. We conclude that the Beacon Valley and Beacon Heights polygons have developed for at least 104 years to achieve their present mature-stage morphology and that the ice-table depth has been stable for a similar length of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Antarctic Science is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Permafrost ecosystems
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Ice -- Antarctica
KW  - Beacon Heights (Antarctica)
KW  - Beacon Valley
KW  - ground ice
KW  - permafrost
KW  - polygon
N1  - Accession Number: 96836996; Mellon, Michael T. 1; Mckay, Christopher P. 2; Heldmann, Jennifer L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Aug2014, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p413; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Subject Term: Permafrost ecosystems; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Ice -- Antarctica; Subject: Beacon Heights (Antarctica); Author-Supplied Keyword: Beacon Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: permafrost; Author-Supplied Keyword: polygon; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0954102013000710
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Astronaut Medical Selection During the Shuttle Era: 1981-2011.
AU  - JOHNSTON, SMITH L.
AU  - BLUE, REBECCA S.
AU  - WILLIAM, RICHARD T. J.
AU  - TARVER, J.
AU  - GRAY, GARY W.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 85
IS  - 8
SP  - 823
EP  - 827
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 97367836; Author: JOHNSTON, SMITH L.: 1 Author: BLUE, REBECCA S.: 1 email: rsblue@utmb.edu. Author: WILLIAM, RICHARD T. J.: 1 Author: TARVER, J.: 1 Author: GRAY, GARY W.: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Human Health and Performance, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA; No. of Pages: 5; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20140807
N2  - Introduction: U.S. astronauts undergo extensive job-related screening and medical examinations prior to selection in order to identify candidates optimally suited for careers in spaceflight. Screening medical standards evolved over many years and after extensive spaceflight experience. These standards assess health-related risks for each astronaut candidate, minimizing the potential for medical impact on future mission success. This document discusses the evolution of the Shuttle-era medical selection standards and the most common reasons for medical disqualification of applicants. Methods: Data for astronaut candidate finalists were compiled from medical records and NASA archives from the period of 1978 to 2004 and were retrospectively reviewed for medically disqualifying conditions. Results: During Shuttle selection cycles, a total of 372 applicants were disqualified due to 425 medical concerns. The most common disqualifying conditions included visual, cardiovascular, psychiatric, and behavioral disorders. During this time period, three major expert panel reviews resulted in refinements and alterations to selection standards for future cycles. Discussion: Shuttle-era screening, testing, and specialist evaluations evolved through periodic expert reviews, evidence-based medicine, and astronaut medical care experience. The Shuttle medical program contributed to the development and implementation of NASA and international standards, longitudinal data collection, improved medical care, and occupational surveillance models. The lessons learned from the Shuttle program serve as the basis for medical selection for the ISS, exploration-class missions, and for those expected to participate in commercial spaceflight. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *MEDICAL care
KW  - *PERIODIC health examinations
KW  - *MEDICAL records
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - crewmembers
KW  - medical screening
KW  - medical standards
KW  - spaceflight
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakermans, Corien
AU  - Skidmore, Mark L.
AU  - Douglas, Susanne
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Molecular characterization of bacteria from permafrost of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 331
EP  - 346
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 01686496
AB  - While bacterial communities from McMurdo Dry Valley soils have been studied using molecular techniques, data from permafrost are particularly scarce given the logistical difficulties of sampling. This study examined the molecular diversity and culturability of bacteria in permafrost from the Taylor Valley (TV), Antarctica. A 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed to assess bacterial diversity, while a clone library of the RNA polymerase beta subunit ( rpoB) gene was constructed to examine amino acid composition of an essential protein-coding gene. The 16S rRNA gene clone library was dominated by Acidobacteria from Gp6 and Gemmatimonadetes. The rpoB gene clone library (created with primers designed in this study) was also dominated by Acidobacteria. The ability of sequence analyses to garner additional information about organisms represented by TV sequences was explored. Specifically, optimum growth temperature was estimated from the stem GC content of the 16S rRNA gene, while potential cold adaptations within translated rpoB sequences were assessed. These analyses were benchmarked using known psychrophiles and mesophiles. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that many TV sequences could represent organisms capable of activity at low temperatures. Plate counts confirmed that c. 103 cells per gram permafrost remained viable and were culturable, while laboratory respiration assays demonstrated that microbial activity occurred at −5 °C and peaked at 15 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Biotic communities
KW  - Soil testing
KW  - Ribosomal RNA
KW  - Molecular cloning
KW  - Taylor Valley (Antarctica)
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - 16S rRNA gene
KW  - cold adaptation
KW  - psychrophiles
KW  - rpoB
N1  - Accession Number: 97319254; Bakermans, Corien 1; Skidmore, Mark L. 2; Douglas, Susanne 3; McKay, Christopher P. 4; Affiliations: 1: Altoona College, Pennsylvania State University; 2: Montana State University; 3: Planetary Science Institute; 4: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Aug2014, Vol. 89 Issue 2, p331; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Biotic communities; Thesaurus Term: Soil testing; Subject Term: Ribosomal RNA; Subject Term: Molecular cloning; Subject: Taylor Valley (Antarctica); Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Author-Supplied Keyword: 16S rRNA gene; Author-Supplied Keyword: cold adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: psychrophiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: rpoB; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1574-6941.12310
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Jungsik
AU  - Rim, Taiuk
AU  - Lee, Junyoung
AU  - Baek, Chang-Ki
AU  - Meyyappan, Meyya
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Threshold Voltage Variations Due to Oblique Single Grain Boundary in Sub-50-nm Polysilicon Channel.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2014/08//
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 61
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2705
EP  - 2710
SN  - 00189383
AB  - We investigate the effect of single grain boundary (SGB) with arbitrary angles on the threshold voltage ( \(V_{\rm {th}}\) ) variation in sub-50-nm polysilicon (poly-Si) channel devices using 3-D simulation. An SGB in the poly-Si channel causes changes in potential barrier profile resulting in the variation of \(V_{\rm {th}}\) . As the planar devices scale down to 20-nm, oblique SGB can significantly increase the whole potential barrier profile and cause large \(V_{\rm {th}}\) variation. However, due to superior gate controllability, the gate-all-around devices show relatively small increase of the conduction energy band, and thus mitigate the \(V_{\rm {th}}\) variation even in 20-nm poly-Si channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THRESHOLD voltage
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - SILICON
KW  - POTENTIAL barrier
KW  - LOGIC circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 97237457; Source Information: Aug2014, Vol. 61 Issue 8, p2705; Subject Term: THRESHOLD voltage; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: POTENTIAL barrier; Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2014.2329848
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Peak exercise oxygen uptake during and following long-duration spaceflight.
AU  - Moore Jr., Alan D.
AU  - Downs, Meghan E.
AU  - Lee, Stuart M. C.
AU  - Feiveson, Alan H.
AU  - Knudsen, Poul
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 117
IS  - 3
SP  - 231
EP  - 238
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 97522086; Author: Moore Jr., Alan D.: 1 Author: Downs, Meghan E.: 2 email: meghan.e.everett@nasa.gov. Author: Lee, Stuart M. C.: 1 Author: Feiveson, Alan H.: 3 Author: Knudsen, Poul: 4 Author: Ploutz-Snyder, Lori: 5 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, Texas: 2 University of Houston, Houston, Texas: 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas: 4 Danish Aerospace Company, Odense, Denmark: 5 Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas; No. of Pages: 8; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20140820
N2  - This investigation was designed to measure aerobic capacity (VO2peak) during and after long-duration International Space Station (ISS) missions. Astronauts (9 males, 5 females: 49 ± 5 yr, 77.2 ± 15.1 kg, 40.6 ± 6.4 ml⋅kg-1⋅min-1 [mean ± SD]) performed peak cycle tests ∼90 days before flight, 15 days after launch, every ∼30 days in-flight, and on recovery days 1 (R + 1), R + 10, and R + 30. Expired metabolic gas fractions, ventilation, and heart rate (HR) were measured. Data were analyzed using mixed-model linear regression. The main findings of this study were that VO2peak decreased early in-flight (∼17%) then gradually increased during flight but never returned to preflight levels. VO2peak was lower on R + 1 and R + 10 than preflight but recovered by R + 30. Peak HR was not different from preflight at any time during or following flight. A sustained decrease in VO2peak during and/or early postflight was not a universal finding in this study, since seven astronauts were able to attain their preflight VO2peak levels either at some time during flight or on R + 1. Four of these astronauts performed in-flight exercise at higher intensities compared with those who experienced a decline in VO2peak, and three had low aerobic capacities before flight. These data indicate that, while VO2peak may be difficult to maintain during long-duration ISS missions, aerobic deconditioning is not an inevitable consequence of long-duration spaceflight. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *EXERCISE -- Research
KW  - *WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - *AEROBIC capacity
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - SPACE flight -- Research
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - aerobic capacity
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - weightlessness
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, C. P.
AU  - Mooney, S.
AU  - Allen, D.
AU  - Beller-Simms, N.
AU  - Fish, T.
AU  - Grambsch, A. E.
AU  - Hohenstein, W.
AU  - Jacobs, K.
AU  - Kenney, M. A.
AU  - Lane, M. A.
AU  - Langner, L.
AU  - Larson, E.
AU  - McGinnis, D. L.
AU  - Moss, R. H.
AU  - Nichols, L. G.
AU  - Nierenberg, C.
AU  - Seyller, E. A.
AU  - Stern, P. C.
AU  - Winthrop, R.
T1  - From global change science to action with social sciences.
JO  - Nature Climate Change
JF  - Nature Climate Change
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 4
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 656
EP  - 659
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 1758678X
AB  - The authors discuss the integration of social and biophysical sciences to address the issue of global change. They mention the lineage of the approaches of such integration in a broad intellectual movement. They stress that the growth of such movement has paralleled to the growth in one's understanding of the causes and consequences of climate change. They also emphasize the need for a strategy for such integration, like the strategic plan of the U.S. Global Change Research Program
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Climatic changes -- Research
KW  - Social sciences
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - United States. Global Change Research Program
KW  - Strategic planning -- United States
N1  - Accession Number: 100251202; Weaver, C. P. 1; Mooney, S. 2; Allen, D. 3; Beller-Simms, N. 4; Fish, T. 5; Grambsch, A. E. 1; Hohenstein, W. 6; Jacobs, K. 7; Kenney, M. A. 8; Lane, M. A. 9; Langner, L. 10; Larson, E. 11; McGinnis, D. L. 12; Moss, R. H. 13; Nichols, L. G. 14; Nierenberg, C. 4; Seyller, E. A. 3; Stern, P. C. 9; Winthrop, R. 15; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Washington DC 20460, USA; 2: 1] Department of Economics, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho 83725, USA [2] Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA; 3: US Global Change Research Program, Suite 250, 1717 Pennsylvania Ave, NW, Washington DC 20006, USA; 4: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, USA; 5: United States Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, NW, Washington DC 20240, USA; 6: United Stated Department of Agriculture, 1400 Independence Ave, SW, Washington DC 20250, USA; 7: Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions and Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, 845 N Park Ave, Suite 535, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA; 8: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center/Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites-Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA; 9: Board on Environmental Change and Society, National Research Council, 500 Fifth St, NW, Washington DC 20001, USA; 10: United Stated Department of Agriculture Forest Service, 1400 Independence Ave, SW, Washington DC 20250, USA; 11: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 300 E Street, SW, Washington DC 20546, USA; 12: Montana State University-Billings, Billings, Montana 59101, USA; 13: Joint Global Change Research Institute (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and University of Maryland), 5825 University Research Court, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA; 14: Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA; 15: Bureau of Land Management, 20 M Street, SE (2134 LM), Washington DC 20003, USA; Issue Info: Aug2014, Vol. 4 Issue 8, p656; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes -- Research; Subject Term: Social sciences; Subject Term: Global environmental change; Subject Term: United States. Global Change Research Program; Subject Term: Strategic planning -- United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nclimate2319
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Gong
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Saatchi, Sassan
AU  - Yu, Yifan
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Estimation of forest aboveground biomass in California using canopy height and leaf area index estimated from satellite data.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 151
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 56
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Accurate characterization of variability and trends in forest biomass at local to national scales is required for accounting of global carbon sources and sinks and monitoring their dynamics. Here we present a new remote sensing based approach for estimating live forest aboveground biomass (AGB) based on a simple parametric model that combines high-resolution estimates of leaf area index (LAI) from the Landsat Thematic Mapper sensor and canopy maximum height from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) sensor onboard ICESat, the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite. We tested our approach with a preliminary uncertainty assessment over the forested areas of California spanning a broad range of climatic and land-use conditions and find our AGB estimates to be comparable to estimates of AGB from inventory records and other available satellite-estimated AGB maps at aggregated scales. Our study offers a high-resolution approach to map forest aboveground biomass at regional-to-continental scales and assess sources of uncertainties in the estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Forest canopies
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Natural satellites
KW  - California
KW  - Aboveground biomass
KW  - Canopy height
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Uncertainty assessment
N1  - Accession Number: 97841459; Zhang, Gong 1; Email Address: zhanggong07@gmail.com; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; White, Michael A. 3; Milesi, Cristina 4; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 4; Wang, Weile 4; Saatchi, Sassan 5; Yu, Yifan 6; Myneni, Ranga B. 7; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI)/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Nature Publishing Group, San Francisco, CA, USA; 4: Department of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 6: Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 7: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, MA 02215, USA; Issue Info: Aug2014, Vol. 151, p44; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Forest canopies; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Leaf area index; Subject Term: Natural satellites; Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aboveground biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy height; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty assessment; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - ALEX H KASPRAK, National Aeronautics and Space Administration
T1  - The sun’s supersized atmosphere.
JO  - Townsville Bulletin
JF  - Townsville Bulletin
J1  - Townsville Bulletin
PY  - 2014/08/05/
Y1  - 2014/08/05/
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
PB  - News Limited Australia
N1  - Accession Number: 9X9BULNEWSMMGLSTRY000117875426; Source Information: 08/05/2014; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - n5h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murri, Gretchen B
T1  - Effect of data reduction and fiber-bridging on Mode I delamination characterization of unidirectional composites.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2014/08/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 2413
EP  - 2424
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Reliable delamination characterization data for laminated composites are needed for input in analytical models of structures to predict delamination onset and growth. The double-cantilevered beam specimen is used to measure fracture toughness, GIc, and strain energy release rate, GImax, for delamination onset and growth in laminated composites under Mode I loading. The current study was conducted as part of an ASTM Round Robin activity to evaluate a proposed testing standard for Mode I fatigue delamination propagation. Static and fatigue tests were conducted on specimens of IM7/977-3 and G40-800/5276-1 graphite/epoxies, and S2/5216 glass/epoxy double-cantilevered beam specimens to evaluate the draft standard “Standard Test Method for Mode I Fatigue Delamination Propagation of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites.” Static results were used to generate a delamination resistance curve, GIR, for each material, which was used to determine the effects of fiber-bridging on the delamination growth data. All three materials were tested in fatigue at a cyclic GImax level equal to 90% of the fracture toughness, GIc, to determine the delamination growth rate. Two different data reduction methods, a two-point and a seven-point fit, were used and the resulting Paris Law equations were compared. Growth rate results were normalized by the delamination resistance curve for each material and compared to the non-normalized results. Paris Law exponents were found to decrease by 5.7 to 47.6% due to normalizing the growth data. Additional specimens of the IM7/977-3 material were tested at three lower cyclic GImax levels to compare the effect of loading level on delamination growth rates. The IM7/977-3 tests were also used to determine the delamination threshold curve for that material. The results show that tests at a range of loading levels are necessary to describe the complete delamination behavior of this material. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials -- Testing
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - CONCRETE beams -- Fracture
KW  - CONCRETE beams -- Testing
KW  - CONCRETE beams -- Fatigue
KW  - Composites
KW  - delamination
KW  - fatigue
KW  - fracture toughness
KW  - Paris Law
KW  - R-curve
KW  - strain energy release rate
N1  - Accession Number: 97409691; Murri, Gretchen B 1; Source Information: Aug2014, Vol. 48 Issue 19, p2413; Subject: LAMINATED materials -- Testing; Subject: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject: CONCRETE beams -- Fracture; Subject: CONCRETE beams -- Testing; Subject: CONCRETE beams -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paris Law; Author-Supplied Keyword: R-curve; Author-Supplied Keyword: strain energy release rate; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5749
L3  - 10.1177/0021998313498791
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.1, gm33@uakron.edu
AU  - Smith, Craig2
AU  - Maillet, Emmanuel3
AU  - Baker, Chris4
AU  - Mansour, Rabih3
T1  - Electrical resistance monitoring of damage and crack growth in advanced SiC-based ceramic composites.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
J1  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
PY  - 2014/09//
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 93
IS  - 7
CP  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 31
SN  - 00027812
AB  - The article discusses the research in the use of the self-sensing property of SiC based ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) which will be implemented as high-temperature components for advanced commercial jet engines and can also be applied to the constituent composition of composites, damage detection and crack growth in SiC-SiC composites. Topics discussed include the potential of the technique to assess components exposed to stress-time-temperature in oxidizing environments.
KW  - Self-interaction chromatography -- Research
KW  - Ceramic-matrix composites -- Research
KW  - Ceramics -- Fracture -- Research
KW  - Jet engines -- Research
KW  - Stress corrosion -- Research
KW  - Oxidative stress -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97817524; Authors: Morscher, Gregory N. 1 Email Address: gm33@uakron.edu; Smith, Craig 2; Maillet, Emmanuel 3; Baker, Chris 4; Mansour, Rabih 3; Affiliations:  1: Associate professor of mechanical engineering, University of Akron (Ohio);  2: Research engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio;  3: University of Akron;  4: Research scientist, Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Akron, Ohio; Subject: Self-interaction chromatography -- Research; Subject: Ceramic-matrix composites -- Research; Subject: Ceramics -- Fracture -- Research; Subject: Jet engines -- Research; Subject: Stress corrosion -- Research; Subject: Oxidative stress -- Research; Number of Pages: 4p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Prados, Ana I.
AU  - Lamsal, Lok N.
AU  - Yang Liu
AU  - Streets, David G.
AU  - Gupta, Pawan
AU  - Hilsenrath, Ernest
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Nielsen, J. Eric
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Burton, Sharon P.
AU  - Fiore, Arlene M.
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Henze, Daven K.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Krotkov, Nickolay A.
AU  - Lee, Pius
AU  - Meiyun Lin
AU  - Pawson, Steven
AU  - Pfister, Gabriele
T1  - Satellite data of atmospheric pollution for U.S. air quality applications: Examples of applications, summary of data end-user resources, answers to FAQs, and common mistakes to avoid.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 94
M3  - Article
SP  - 647
EP  - 662
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Satellite data of atmospheric pollutants are becoming more widely used in the decision-making and environmental management activities of public, private sector and non-profit organizations. They are employed for estimating emissions, tracking pollutant plumes, supporting air quality forecasting activities, providing evidence for "exceptional event" declarations, monitoring regional long-term trends, and evaluating air quality model output. However, many air quality managers are not taking full advantage of the data for these applications nor has the full potential of satellite data for air quality applications been realized. A key barrier is the inherent difficulties associated with accessing, processing, and properly interpreting observational data. A degree of technical skill is required on the part of the data end-user, which is often problematic for air quality agencies with limited resources. Therefore, we 1) review the primary uses of satellite data for air quality applications, 2) provide some background information on satellite capabilities for measuring pollutants, 3) discuss the many resources available to the end-user for accessing, processing, and visualizing the data, and 4) provide answers to common questions in plain language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric deposition
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Decision making
KW  - End-user resources
KW  - Satellite data
N1  - Accession Number: 97083950; Duncan, Bryan N. 1; Email Address: Bryan.N.Duncan@nasa.gov; Prados, Ana I. 1,2; Lamsal, Lok N. 1,3; Yang Liu 4; Streets, David G. 5; Gupta, Pawan 3; Hilsenrath, Ernest 2,6; Kahn, Ralph A. 1; Nielsen, J. Eric 7; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 8; Burton, Sharon P. 8; Fiore, Arlene M. 9; Fishman, Jack 10; Henze, Daven K. 11; Hostetler, Chris A. 8; Krotkov, Nickolay A. 1; Lee, Pius 12; Meiyun Lin 13; Pawson, Steven 1; Pfister, Gabriele 14; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: Joint Center for Earth System Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 4: Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA; 5: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA; 6: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 9: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA; 10: St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA; 11: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 12: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA; 13: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University and NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA; 14: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: Sep2014, Vol. 94, p647; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric deposition; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: End-user resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite data; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.061
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - G-Loading and Vibration Effects on Heart and Respiration Rates.
AU  - GODINEZ, ANGELICA
AU  - LISTON, DORION B.
AU  - AYZENBERG, RUTHIE
AU  - TOSCANO, WILLIAM B.
AU  - COWINGS, PATRICIA A.
AU  - STONE, LELAND S.
JO  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
JF  - Aviation, Space & Environmental Medicine
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 85
IS  - 9
SP  - 949
EP  - 953
SN  - 00956562
N1  - Accession Number: 97941258; Author: GODINEZ, ANGELICA: 1 Author: LISTON, DORION B.: 1 Author: AYZENBERG, RUTHIE: 1 Author: TOSCANO, WILLIAM B.: 1 Author: COWINGS, PATRICIA A.: 1 Author: STONE, LELAND S.: 1 email: leland.s.stone@nasa.gov. ; Author Affiliation: 1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; No. of Pages: 5; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20140908
N2  - Background: Operational environments expose pilots and astronauts to sustained acceleration (G loading) and whole-body vibration, alone and in combination. Separately, the physiological effects of G loading and vibration have been well studied; both have effects similar to mild exercise. The few studies of combined G loading and vibration have not reported an interaction between these factors on physiological responses. Methods: We tested the effects of G loading (+1 and +3.8 Gx) and vibration (0.5 gx at 8, 12, and 16 Hz), alone and in combination, on heart and respiration rate. Results: We observed an effect of G loading on heart rate (average increase of 23 bpm, SD: 12) and respiration rate (average increase of 5 breaths per minute, SD: 5), an effect of vibration on heart rate, and an interaction on heart rate. With vibration, we observed heart rate increases of 4 bpm (SD: 3) with no increase in respiration rate. In the +1 Gx condition, the largest heart rate increase occurred during low-frequency (8 Hz) vibration, while at +3.8 Gx, the largest heart rate increase occurred during high-frequency (16 Hz) vibration, demonstrating interaction. Discussion: Consistent with previous reports, our G-loading and vibration effects are similar to mild exercise. In addition, we observed an interaction between G loading and vibration on heart rate, with maximum heart rates occurring at a higher vibration frequency at +3.8 Gx compared to +1 Gx. The observed interaction demonstrates that G-loading and vibration effects are not independent and can only be properly assessed during combined exposure. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *AUTONOMIC nervous system
KW  - *HYPERVENTILATION
KW  - LAUNCH complexes (Astronautics)
KW  - AEROSPACE technology
KW  - ASTRONAUTS -- Medical examinations
KW  - ascent
KW  - autonomic nervous system
KW  - interaction
KW  - launch
KW  - stress
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, W.
AU  - Nemani, R.
T1  - Dynamics of global atmospheric CO2 concentration from 1850 to 2010: a linear approximation.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 13957
EP  - 13983
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - The increase in anthropogenic CO2 emissions largely followed an exponential path between 1850 and 2010, and the corresponding increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration were almost constantly proportional to the emissions by the so-called "airborne fraction". These observations suggest that the dynamics of atmospheric CO2 concentration through this time period may be properly approximated as a linear system. We demonstrate this hypothesis by deriving a linear box-model to describe carbon exchanges between the atmosphere and the surface reservoirs under the influence of disturbances such as anthropogenic CO2 emissions and global temperature changes. We show that the box model accurately simulates the observed atmospheric CO2 concentrations and growth rates across interannual to multi-decadal time scales. The model also allows us to analytically examine the dynamics of such changes/variations, linking its characteristic disturbance-response functions to bio-geophysically meaningful parameters. In particular, our results suggest that the elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations have significantly promoted the gross carbon uptake by the terrestrial biosphere. However, such "fertilization" effects are partially offset by enhanced carbon release from surface reservoirs promoted by warmer temperatures. The result of these interactions appears to be a decline in net efficiency in sequestering atmospheric CO2 by ~ 30% since 1960s. We believe that the linear modeling framework outlined in this paper provides a convenient tool to diagnose the observed atmospheric CO2 dynamics and monitor their future changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Fertilization (Biology)
KW  - Approximation theory
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
N1  - Accession Number: 98707388; Wang, W. 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@nasa.gov; Nemani, R. 3; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; 2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p13957; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Fertilization (Biology); Subject Term: Approximation theory; Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-11-13957-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Christopher W.
AU  - Nimbarte, Ashish D.
AU  - Rajulu, Sudhakar
T1  - Kinematic compatibility between the body and a mock spacesuit during basic upper body motions.
JO  - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
JF  - International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 739
EP  - 746
SN  - 01698141
AB  - In this study, a novel conceptual method was tested to study the kinematic mismatch between the body motion of an occupant with respect to a rigid suit. It was hypothesized that differences between body and suit motion would require extra body movement to achieve the desired suit motion. To quantify the mismatch in kinematics, mock upper body suits with an open structure were used in conjunction with a marker-based motion capture system. A 3D motion modeling software was used to determine the range of motion of the suit and body segments of nine participants performing seven basic arm and trunk motions. In general, range of motion of the body segment was found to be higher than the corresponding suit segment range of motion. Differences in range of motion of up to 21.3% were found between corresponding body and suit segments, and significance was found in five of the seven motions. Relevance to industry Development of a method of determining kinematic misalignment of protective suits will assist evaluation and development of more appropriate protective suits. Better kinematic alignment will not only reduce the risk of injury, but can also improve comfort and benefit performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomechanics
KW  - Body movement
KW  - Kinematics
KW  - Space suits
KW  - Ergonomics
KW  - Joints (Anatomy) -- Range of motion
KW  - Dynamic modeling
KW  - Mock spacesuit
KW  - Range of motion
KW  - Upper body motions
N1  - Accession Number: 98851721; Moore, Christopher W. 1; Email Address: cmoore18@mix.wvu.edu; Nimbarte, Ashish D. 1; Email Address: nimbarte.ashish@gmail.com; Rajulu, Sudhakar 2; Email Address: sudhakar.rajulu-1@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, PO Box 6070, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6107, USA; 2: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Issue Info: Sep2014, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p739; Thesaurus Term: Biomechanics; Subject Term: Body movement; Subject Term: Kinematics; Subject Term: Space suits; Subject Term: Ergonomics; Subject Term: Joints (Anatomy) -- Range of motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mock spacesuit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Range of motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upper body motions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ergon.2014.06.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ning, S. Andrew
AU  - Kroo, Ilan
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Nemec, Marian
AU  - Kless, James E.
T1  - Extended Formation Flight at Transonic Speeds.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/09//Sep/Oct2014
Y1  - 2014/09//Sep/Oct2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1501
EP  - 1510
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Aircraft flown in formation can realize significant reductions in drag by flying in regions of wake up wash. However, most transports fly at transonic speeds where the impact of compressibility on formation flight is not well understood. This study uses an Euler solver to analyze the inviscid aerodynamic forces and moments of transonic wing/body configurations flying in a two-aircraft formation. Formations with large streamwise separation distances (10-50 wingspans) are considered. This work indicates that compressibility-related drag penalties in formation flight may be eliminated by slowing 2-3% below the nominal out-of-formation cruise Mach number, either at fixed lift coefficient or fixed altitude. The latter option has the additional benefit that the aerodynamic performance of the formation improves slightly at higher lift coefficients. Although optimal in-formation lift coefficients are not as high as those estimated by incompressible analyses, modest increases in altitude can yield further improvements in aerodynamic efficiency. Increasing the lateral separation of the aircraft allows for slightly higher cruise speeds in exchange for higher induced drag. For the configurations examined here, a 1-2% reduction in Mach number combined with a lateral spacing increase of 5% span (vertical spacing aligned with the vortex) achieves a total formation drag savings of about 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC speeds -- Research
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - FORMATION flying
KW  - EULER method
N1  - Accession Number: 98910040; Source Information: Sep/Oct2014, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p1501; Subject Term: TRANSONIC speeds -- Research; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: FORMATION flying; Subject Term: EULER method; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032385
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru P.
T1  - Frequency Domain Flutter Boundary Computations Using Navier-Stokes Equations on Superclusters.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/09//Sep/Oct2014
Y1  - 2014/09//Sep/Oct2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1640
EP  - 1642
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper develops an approach for efficiently computing the flutter boundaries by the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-based frequency domain (FD) approach using parallel computers. Topics covered include solution procedure on parallel computers using an eigenvalue approach and demonstration of flutter boundary computations.
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARALLEL computers
KW  - EIGENVALUES
N1  - Accession Number: 98910052; Source Information: Sep/Oct2014, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p1640; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARALLEL computers; Subject Term: EIGENVALUES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032126
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gyekenyesi, Andrew
T1  - Techniques for monitoring damage in ceramic matrix composites.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 25
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1531
EP  - 1540
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - This article offers a review of various nondestructive evaluation and structural health monitoring techniques that have been successfully utilized for assessing the damage state of woven ceramic matrix composites consisting of silicon carbide fibers and silicon carbide matrices. The techniques include acousto-ultrasonics, modal acoustic emissions, electrical resistance, impedance-based structural health monitoring, pulsed thermography, as well as thermoelastic stress analysis. The damage, in the form of distributed matrix cracks and delaminations, was introduced using multiple tactics. These included load/unload/reload uniaxial tensile tests, creep tests, and ballistic impact. Although other nondestructive evaluation techniques have been applied to this material system, the select nondestructive evaluation tools described here are limited to approaches that are of current research interest within programs at the NASA Glenn Research Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - HEALTH impact assessment
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - acoustic emissions
KW  - Ceramic matrix composite
KW  - cracking
KW  - damage
KW  - electrical resistance
KW  - impedance-based structural health monitoring
KW  - nondestructive evaluation
KW  - thermoelastic stress analysis
KW  - thermography
KW  - ultrasonics
N1  - Accession Number: 97562562; Gyekenyesi, Andrew 1; Affiliations: 1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Sep2014, Vol. 25 Issue 13, p1531; Thesaurus Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: HEALTH impact assessment; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: acoustic emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrical resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: impedance-based structural health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: nondestructive evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermoelastic stress analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermography; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultrasonics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4951
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X13510221
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fast, J. D.
AU  - Allan, J.
AU  - Bahreini, R.
AU  - Craven, J.
AU  - Emmons, L.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Hayes, P. L.
AU  - Hodzic, A.
AU  - Holloway, J.
AU  - Hostetler, C.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Johnsson, H.
AU  - Liu, S.
AU  - Metcalf, A.
AU  - Middlebrook, A.
AU  - Nowak, J.
AU  - Pekour, M.
AU  - Perring, A.
AU  - Russell, L.
AU  - Sedlacek, A.
T1  - Modeling regional aerosol and aerosol precursor variability over California and its sensitivity to emissions and long-range transport during the 2010 CalNex and CARES campaigns.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/09/15/
VL  - 14
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 10013
EP  - 10060
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting regional model with chemistry (WRF-Chem) in simulating the spatial and temporal variations in aerosol mass, composition, and size over California is quantified using the extensive meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol measurements collected during the California Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Experiment (CalNex) and the Carbonaceous Aerosol and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) conducted during May and June of 2010. The overall objective of the field campaigns was to obtain data needed to better understand processes that affect both climate and air quality, including emission assessments, transport and chemical aging of aerosols, aerosol radiative effects. Simulations were performed that examined the sensitivity of aerosol concentrations to anthropogenic emissions and to long-range transport of aerosols into the domain obtained from a global model. The configuration of WRF-Chem used in this study is shown to reproduce the overall synoptic conditions, thermally driven circulations, and boundary layer structure observed in region that controls the transport and mixing of trace gases and aerosols. Reducing the default emissions inventory by 50 % led to an overall improvement in many simulated trace gases and black carbon aerosol at most sites and along most aircraft flight paths; however, simulated organic aerosol was closer to observed when there were no adjustments to the primary organic aerosol emissions. We found that sulfate was better simulated over northern California whereas nitrate was better simulated over southern California. While the overall spatial and temporal variability of aerosols and their precursors were simulated reasonably well, we show cases where the local transport of some aerosol plumes were either too slow or too fast, which adversely affects the statistics quantifying the differences between observed and simulated quantities. Comparisons with lidar and in situ measurements indicate that long-range transport of aerosols from the global model was likely too high in the free troposphere even though their concentrations were relatively low. This bias led to an over-prediction in aerosol optical depth by as much as a factor of 2 that offset the underpredictions of boundary-layer extinction resulting primarily from local emissions. Lowering the boundary conditions of aerosol concentrations by 50 % greatly reduced the bias in simulated aerosol optical depth for all regions of California. This study shows that quantifying regional-scale variations in aerosol radiative forcing and determining the relative role of emissions from local and distant sources is challenging during 'clean' conditions and that a wide array of measurements are needed to ensure model predictions are correct for the right reasons. In this regard, the combined CalNex and CARES data sets are an ideal test bed that can be used to evaluate aerosol models in great detail and develop improved treatments for aerosol processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Seasonal temperature variations
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 98935218; Fast, J. D. 1; Email Address: jerome.fast@pnnl.gov; Allan, J. 2; Bahreini, R. 3,4; Craven, J. 5; Emmons, L. 6; Ferrare, R. 7; Hayes, P. L. 3,8; Hodzic, A. 6; Holloway, J. 3,4; Hostetler, C. 7; Jimenez, J. L. 3; Johnsson, H. 9; Liu, S. 10; Metcalf, A. 5,11; Middlebrook, A. 4; Nowak, J. 12; Pekour, M. 1; Perring, A. 3,4; Russell, L. 13; Sedlacek, A. 14; Affiliations: 1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA; 2: School of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 8: Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 9: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aerosol Studies, Marina, California, USA; 10: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; 11: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; 12: Aerodyne, Inc. Billerica, Massachusetts, USA; 13: Scripps Institute of Oceanography, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, California, USA; 14: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 18, p10013; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Seasonal temperature variations; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject: California; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 48p; Illustrations: 14 Charts, 24 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-10013-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=98935218&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Punge, H.
AU  - Bedka, K.
AU  - Kunz, M.
AU  - Werner, A.
T1  - A new physically based stochastic event catalog for hail in Europe.
JO  - Natural Hazards
JF  - Natural Hazards
Y1  - 2014/09/15/
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1625
EP  - 1645
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0921030X
AB  - Hailstorms represent one of the major sources of damage and insurance loss to residential, commercial, and agricultural assets in several parts of Central Europe. However, there is little knowledge of hail risk across Europe beyond local historical damage reports due to the relative rarity of severe hail events and the lack of uniform detection methods. Here we present a new stochastic catalog of hailstorms for Europe. It is based on satellite observations of overshooting cloud tops (OT) that indicate very strong convective updrafts and hail reports from the European Severe Weather Database (ESWD). Historic hail events are defined based on OT detections from satellite infrared brightness temperatures between 2004 and 2011 for the warm seasons (April-September). The satellite-based historical event properties are complemented by hailstone observations from ESWD to stochastically simulate more than 1 million individual events with an event footprint resolution of 10 km. The final hail event catalog presented in this paper is the first one with a spatial event distribution that is based on a single homogeneous observation source over Europe. Areas of high hail probability or hail risk are found over Central and Southern Europe, including mountainous regions such as the Alps or the Pyrenees. Another region of relatively high hail risk is present over central Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Natural Hazards is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hailstorms
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Catastrophes (Geology)
KW  - Storm damage
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Europe
KW  - Hail
KW  - Overshooting top
N1  - Accession Number: 97383726; Punge, H.; Email Address: punge@kit.edu; Bedka, K. 1; Kunz, M. 2; Werner, A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA; 2: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe Germany; 3: Willis Re GmbH & Co. KG, Munich Germany; Issue Info: Sep2014, Vol. 73 Issue 3, p1625; Thesaurus Term: Hailstorms; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Catastrophes (Geology); Subject Term: Storm damage; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject: Europe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hail; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overshooting top; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11069-014-1161-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Dawson, Rebekah I.
AU  - Tremaine, Scott
T1  - Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2014/09/18/
VL  - 513
IS  - 7518
M3  - Article
SP  - 336
EP  - 344
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Numerous telescopes and techniques have been used to find and study extrasolar planets, but none has been more successful than NASA's Kepler space telescope. Kepler has discovered most of the known exoplanets, the smallest planets to orbit normal stars and the planets most likely to be similar to Earth. Most importantly, Kepler has provided us with our first look at the typical characteristics of planets and planetary systems for planets with sizes as small as, and orbits as large as, those of Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Planetary orbits
KW  - Planets
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Orbit
KW  - Kepler (Spacecraft)
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 98526037; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Dawson, Rebekah I. 2; Tremaine, Scott 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.; 2: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.; 3: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.; Issue Info: 9/18/2014, Vol. 513 Issue 7518, p336; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Planetary orbits; Subject Term: Planets; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Orbit ; Company/Entity: Kepler (Spacecraft) ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature13781
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=98526037&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fumiaki Takahashi
AU  - Abbott, Amber
AU  - Murray, Timothy M.
AU  - T'ien, James S.
AU  - Olson, Sandra L.
T1  - Thermal response characteristics of fire blanket materials.
JO  - Fire & Materials
JF  - Fire & Materials
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 38
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 609
EP  - 638
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 03080501
AB  - The thermal response characteristics of over 50 relatively thin (0.15-3.7mm) fire blanket materials from four different fiber groups (aramid, fiberglass, amorphous silica, and pre-oxidized carbon) and their composites have been investigated. A plain or coated fabric sample was subjected to a predominantly convective or radiant heat flux (up to 84 kW/m2) using a Meker burner and a cone heater, respectively. In addition to conventional thermal protective performance ratings for protective clothing, two transient thermal response times (for the fabric back-side temperature to reach 300 °C and for the through-the-fabric heat flux to reach 13 kW/m2) and a steady-state heat-blocking efficiency (HBE) were introduced for both convective and radiant heat sources. For most woven fabrics, the HBE values were approximately 70 ± 10% for both convection and radiation and only mildly increased with the fabric thickness or the incident heat flux. Nonwoven (felt) fabrics with low thermal conductivity exhibited significantly better insulation (up to 87%) against convective heat. Highly reflective aluminized materials exhibited exceptionally high HBE values (up to 98%) for radiation, whereas carbon and charred aramid fabrics showed lower HBEs (down to 50%) because of efficient radiation absorption. A relatively thin fire blanket operating at high temperatures can efficiently block heat from a convective source by radiative emission (enhanced by its T4-dependence and high surface emissivity) coupled with thermal insulation and from a radiant heat source by surface reflection while the aluminum surface layer remains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fire & Materials is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Protective clothing
KW  - Insulating materials
KW  - Thermal insulation
KW  - Insulating thin films
KW  - Electric insulators & insulation
KW  - aluminized fiberglass
KW  - amorphous silica
KW  - aramid fabric
KW  - building structure protection
KW  - forest fire
KW  - heat-blocking efficiency
KW  - ignition prevention
KW  - wildland-urban interface
N1  - Accession Number: 103671272; Fumiaki Takahashi 1; Email Address: fxt13@case.edu; Abbott, Amber 1; Murray, Timothy M. 1; T'ien, James S. 1; Olson, Sandra L. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Oct2014, Vol. 38 Issue 6, p609; Thesaurus Term: Protective clothing; Subject Term: Insulating materials; Subject Term: Thermal insulation; Subject Term: Insulating thin films; Subject Term: Electric insulators & insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: aluminized fiberglass; Author-Supplied Keyword: amorphous silica; Author-Supplied Keyword: aramid fabric; Author-Supplied Keyword: building structure protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat-blocking efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: ignition prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: wildland-urban interface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/fam.2202
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103888135
T1  - Flexible tip guides and intermediate catheters: two center experience and a proposed taxonomy.
AU  - Hui, Ferdinand K.
AU  - Schuette, A. Jesse
AU  - Spiotta, Alejandro M.
AU  - Yim, John
AU  - Obuchowski, Nancy
AU  - Rasmussen, Peter A.
AU  - Hussain, Mohammed Shazam
AU  - Cawley, C. Michael
AU  - Dion, Jacques E.
AU  - Tong, Frank C.
Y1  - 2014/10//
N1  - Accession Number: 103888135. Language: English. Entry Date: 20140917. Revision Date: 20150710. Publication Type: Journal Article; diagnostic images; equations & formulas; pictorial; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; Peer Reviewed; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101517079. 
KW  - Catheters -- Classification
KW  - Equipment and Supplies
KW  - Stroke -- Surgery
KW  - Vascular Surgery -- Methods
KW  - Retrospective Design
KW  - Record Review
KW  - Ohio
KW  - Vascular Access Devices
KW  - Angiography
SP  - 618
EP  - 623
JO  - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
JF  - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
JA  - J NEUROINTERVENT SURG
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
PB  - BMJ Publishing Group
SN  - 1759-8478
AD  - Cerebrovascular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
AD  - Department of Neurosurgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
AD  - Mechanical and Fluid Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
AD  - Quantitative Health Services, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
AD  - Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
U2  - PMID: 24014468.
DO  - 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010892
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Gao, Feng
AU  - Suyker, Andrew
AU  - Verma, Shashi
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
T1  - Estimation of crop gross primary production (GPP): fAPARchl versus MOD15A2 FPAR.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 153
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Photosynthesis (PSN) is a pigment level process in which antenna pigments (predominately chlorophylls) in chloroplasts absorb photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for the photochemical process. PAR absorbed by foliar non-photosynthetic components is not used for PSN. The fraction of PAR absorbed (fAPAR) by a canopy/vegetation (i.e., fAPAR canopy ) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, referred to as MOD15A2 FPAR, has been used to compute absorbed PAR (APAR) for PSN (APAR PSN ) which is utilized to produce the standard MODIS gross primary production (GPP) product, referred to as MOD17A2 GPP. In this study, the fraction of PAR absorbed by chlorophyll throughout the canopy (fAPAR chl ) was retrieved from MODIS images for three AmeriFlux crop fields in Nebraska. There are few studies in the literature that compare the performance of MOD15A2 FPAR versus fAPAR chl in GPP estimation. In our study MOD15A2 FPAR and the retrieved fAPAR chl were compared with field fAPAR canopy and the fraction of PAR absorbed by green leaves of the vegetation (fAPAR green ). MOD15A2 FPAR overestimated field fAPAR canopy in spring and in fall, and underestimated field fAPAR canopy in midsummer whereas fAPAR chl correctly captured the seasonal phenology. The retrieved fAPAR chl agreed well with field fAPAR green at early crop growth stage in June, and was less than field fAPAR green in late July, August and September. GPP estimates with fAPAR chl and with MOD15A2 FPAR were compared to tower flux GPP. GPP simulated with fAPAR chl was corroborated with tower flux GPP. Improvements in crop GPP estimation were achieved by replacing MOD15A2 FPAR with fAPAR chl which also reduced uncertainties of crop GPP estimates by 1.12–2.37 g C m − 2 d − 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
KW  - Agricultural productivity
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Plant canopies
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - fAPAR chl
KW  - GPP
KW  - MOD15A2 FPAR
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 98597432; Zhang, Qingyuan 1,2; Email Address: qyz72@yahoo.com; Cheng, Yen-Ben 2,3; Lyapustin, Alexei I. 4; Wang, Yujie 2,5; Gao, Feng 6; Suyker, Andrew 7; Verma, Shashi 7; Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA; 2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA; 4: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Code 613, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; 6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; 7: School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Issue Info: Oct2014, Vol. 153, p1; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); Thesaurus Term: Agricultural productivity; Thesaurus Term: Chlorophyll; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Plant canopies; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: fAPAR chl; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOD15A2 FPAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.07.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Detweiler, Angela M.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Frisbee, Adrienne E.
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl A.
AU  - Chanton, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie E.
T1  - Characterization of methane flux from photosynthetic oxidation ponds in a wastewater treatment plant.
JO  - Water Science & Technology
JF  - Water Science & Technology
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 980
EP  - 989
SN  - 02731223
AB  - Photosynthetic oxidation ponds are a low-cost method for secondary treatment of wastewater using natural and more energy-efficient aeration strategies. Methane (CH4) is produced during the anaerobic digestion of organic matter, but only some of it is oxidized in the water column, with the remaining CH4 escaping into the atmosphere. In order to characterize the CH4 flux in two photosynthetic oxidation ponds in a wastewater treatment plant in northern California, the isotopic compositions and concentrations of CH4 were measured in the water column, in bubbles and in flux chambers, over a period of 12 to 21 months to account for seasonal trends in CH4 emissions. Methane flux varied seasonally throughout the year, with an annual average flux of 5.5 g CH4m-2d-1Over half of the CH4 flux, 56.1-74.4% v/v, was attributed to ebullition. The oxidation efficiency of this system was estimated at 69.1%, based on stable carbon isotopes and a calculated fractionation factor of 1.028. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a fractionation factor for CH4 oxidation has been empirically determined for oxidation ponds. Quantifying CH4 emissions from these systems is essential to properly identify their contribution and to mitigate their impact on global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Water Science & Technology is the property of IWA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Sewage disposal plants
KW  - Anaerobic digestion (Sewage purification)
KW  - Aeration of water
KW  - Sewage lagoons
KW  - greenhouse gases
KW  - methane flux
KW  - methane oxidation
KW  - oxidation efficiency
KW  - photosynthetic oxidation ponds
KW  - stable isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 98571391; Detweiler, Angela M. 1; Email Address: angela.m.detweiler@nasa.gov; Bebout, Brad M. 2; Frisbee, Adrienne E. 1; Kelley, Cheryl A. 3; Chanton, Jeffrey P. 4; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie E. 2; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St., Petaluma, CA 94952, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, Mail Stop 239-4, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: University of Missouri, Department of Geological Sciences, 101 Geological Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; 4: Florida State University, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, P.O. Box 3064520, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 70 Issue 6, p980; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Sewage disposal plants; Thesaurus Term: Anaerobic digestion (Sewage purification); Thesaurus Term: Aeration of water; Thesaurus Term: Sewage lagoons; Author-Supplied Keyword: greenhouse gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: methane flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: methane oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidation efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthetic oxidation ponds; Author-Supplied Keyword: stable isotopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562212 Solid Waste Landfill; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2166/wst.2014.317
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, Daniel C.
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew
AU  - Canty, Timothy P.
AU  - Salawitch, Ross J.
AU  - Worden, Helen M.
AU  - Fried, Alan
AU  - Mikoviny, Tomas
AU  - Wisthaler, Armin
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - Measured and modeled CO and NOy in DISCOVER-AQ: An evaluation of emissions and chemistry over the eastern US.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/10/11/
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
EP  - 87
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Data collected during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in the Baltimore Washington region were used to evaluate CO and NO x emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The average emissions ratio for the region was seen to be 11.2 ± 1.2 mol CO/mol NO x , 21% higher than that predicted by the NEI. Comparisons between in situ and remote observations and CMAQ model output show agreement in CO emissions of 15 ± 11% while NO x emissions are overestimated by 51–70% in Maryland. Satellite observations of CO by MOPITT show agreement with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model within 3% over most of the eastern United States. CMAQ NO y mixing ratios were a factor of two higher than observations and result from a combination of errors in emissions and PAN and alkyl nitrate chemistry, as shown by comparison of three CMAQ model runs. Point source NO x emissions are monitored and agree with modeled emissions within 1% on a monthly basis. Because of this accuracy and the NEI assertion that approximately 3/4 of emissions in the Baltimore Washington region are from mobile sources, the MOVES model's treatment of emissions from aging vehicles should be investigated; the NEI overestimate of NO x emissions could indicate that engines produce less NO x and catalytic converters degrade more slowly than assumed by MOVES2010. The recently released 2011 NEI has an even lower CO/NO x emissions ratio than the projection used in this study; it overestimates NO x emissions by an even larger margin. The implications of these findings for US air quality policy are that NO x concentrations near areas of heavy traffic are overestimated and ozone production rates in these locations are slower than models indicate. Results also indicate that ambient ozone concentrations will respond more efficiently to NO x emissions controls but additional sources may need to be targeted for reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric nitrogen oxides
KW  - Nitrogen oxides emission control
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Air quality
KW  - CMAQ
KW  - CO
KW  - National Emissions Inventory
KW  - NO x
KW  - On-road emissions
N1  - Accession Number: 97674665; Anderson, Daniel C. 1; Email Address: danderson@atmos.umd.edu; Loughner, Christopher P. 2,3; Diskin, Glenn 4; Weinheimer, Andrew 5; Canty, Timothy P. 1; Salawitch, Ross J. 1,2; Worden, Helen M. 5; Fried, Alan 6; Mikoviny, Tomas 7; Wisthaler, Armin 8; Dickerson, Russell R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 6: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; 7: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA; 8: Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Issue Info: Oct2014, Vol. 96, p78; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides emission control; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Emissions Inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO x; Author-Supplied Keyword: On-road emissions; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=97674665&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dhomse, S. S.
AU  - Emmerson, K. M.
AU  - Mann, G. W.
AU  - Bellouin, N.
AU  - Carslaw, K. S.
AU  - Chipperfield, M. P.
AU  - Hommel, R.
AU  - Abraham, N. L.
AU  - Telford, P.
AU  - Braesicke, P.
AU  - Dalvi, M.
AU  - Johnson, C. E.
AU  - O'Connor, F.
AU  - Morgenstern, O.
AU  - Pyle, J. A.
AU  - Deshler, T.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - Aerosol microphysics simulations of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption with the UM-UKCA composition-climate model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2014/10/15/
VL  - 14
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 11121
EP  - 11146
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use a stratosphere-troposphere composition- climate model with interactive sulfur chemistry and aerosol microphysics, to investigate the effect of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption on stratospheric aerosol properties. Satellite measurements indicate that shortly after the eruption, between 14 and 23 Tg of SO2 (7 to 11.5 Tg of sulfur) was present in the tropical stratosphere. Best estimates of the peak global stratospheric aerosol burden are in the range 19 to 26 Tg, or 3.7 to 6.7 Tg of sulfur assuming a composition of between 59 and 77% H2SO4. In light of this large uncertainty range, we performed two main simulations with 10 and 20 Tg of SO2 injected into the tropical lower stratosphere. Simulated stratospheric aerosol properties through the 1991 to 1995 period are compared against a range of available satellite and in situ measurements. Stratospheric aerosol optical depth (sAOD) and effective radius from both simulations show good qualitative agreement with the observations, with the timing of peak sAOD and decay timescale matching well with the observations in the tropics and mid-latitudes. However, injecting 20 Tg gives a factor of 2 too high stratospheric aerosol mass burden compared to the satellite data, with consequent strong high biases in simulated sAOD and surface area density, with the 10 Tg injection in much better agreement. Our model cannot explain the large fraction of the injected sulfur that the satellite-derived SO2 and aerosol burdens indicate was removed within the first few months after the eruption. We suggest that either there is an additional alternative loss pathway for the SO2 not included in our model (e.g. via accommodation into ash or ice in the volcanic cloud) or that a larger proportion of the injected sulfur was removed via cross-tropopause transport than in our simulations. We also critically evaluate the simulated evolution of the particle size distribution, comparing in detail to balloonborne optical particle counter (OPC) measurements from Laramie, Wyoming, USA (41 N). Overall, the model captures remarkably well the complex variations in particle concentration profiles across the different OPC size channels. However, for the 19 to 27 km injection height-range used here, both runs have a modest high bias in the lowermost stratosphere for the finest particles (radii less than 250 nm), and the decay timescale is longer in the model for these particles, with a much later return to background conditions. Also, whereas the 10 Tg run compared best to the satellite measurements, a significant low bias is apparent in the coarser size channels in the volcanically perturbed lower stratosphere. Overall, our results suggest that, with appropriate calibration, aerosol microphysics models are capable of capturing the observed variation in particle size distribution in the stratosphere across both volcanically perturbed and quiescent conditions. Furthermore, additional sensitivity simulations suggest that predictions with the models are robust to uncertainties in sub-grid particle formation and nucleation rates in the stratosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines)
N1  - Accession Number: 99757666; Dhomse, S. S. 1; Email Address: s.s.dhomse@leeds.ac.uk; Emmerson, K. M. 2; Mann, G. W. 1,3; Bellouin, N. 4; Carslaw, K. S. 1; Chipperfield, M. P. 1; Hommel, R. 5,6; Abraham, N. L. 3,5; Telford, P. 3,5; Braesicke, P. 3,5,7; Dalvi, M. 3,8; Johnson, C. E. 8; O'Connor, F. 8; Morgenstern, O. 9; Pyle, J. A. 3,5; Deshler, T. 10; Zawodny, J. M. 11; Thomason, L. W. 11; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; 2: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria 3195, Australia; 3: National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS-Climate), UK; 4: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, UK; 5: Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 6: IUP, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 7: IMK-ASF Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 8: Met Office, Exeter, UK; 9: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand; 10: University of Wyoming, Wyoming, USA; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 20, p11121; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject: Pinatubo, Mount (Philippines); Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-14-11221-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=99757666&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Ten years of forest cover change in the Sierra Nevada detected using Landsat satellite image analysis.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/10/20/
VL  - 35
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 7136
EP  - 7153
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The Sierra Nevada of California is a region where large wildfires have been suppressed for over a century. A detailed geographic record of recent vegetation regrowth and disturbance patterns in forests of the Sierra Nevada remains a gap that can be filled with remote-sensing data. Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery was analysed to detect 10 years of recent changes (between 2000 and 2009) in forest vegetation cover for areas burned by wildfires between years of 1995 and 1999 in the region. Results confirmed the prevalence of regrowing forest vegetation during the period 2000 and 2009 over 17% of the combined burned areas. Classification of these regrowing forest vegetation areas by the Landsat normalized burn ratio (NBR) showed that there was a marked increase in average disturbance index (ΔDI) values in the transitions from low to moderate to high burn severity classes. Within the five combined wildfire perimeters, 45% of the high burn severity area delineated by the RdNBR analysis was covered by regrowing forest detected between 2000 and 2009. In contrast, a notable fraction (12%) of the entire 5 km (unburned) buffer area outside the 1995–1999 fires perimeters showed decline in forest cover, and not nearly as many regrowing forest areas, covering only 3% of all the 1995–1999 buffer areas combined. Based on comparison of these results to ground-based survey data and high-resolution aerial images, the Landsat difference index (ΔDI) methodology can fulfil much of the need for consistent, low-cost monitoring of changes due to climate and biological factors in western forest regrowth following stand-replacing disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Sierra Nevada (Calif. & Nev.)
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Cartographic materials
N1  - Accession Number: 99143496; Potter, Christopher 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21,Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Oct2014, Vol. 35 Issue 20, p7136; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Sierra Nevada (Calif. & Nev.); Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Cartographic materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431161.2014.968687
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=99143496&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ALFORD, ÉLAN R.
AU  - LINDBLOM, STORMY D.
AU  - PITTARELLO, MARCO
AU  - FREEMAN, JOHN L.
AU  - FAKRA, SIRINE C.
AU  - MARCUS, MATTHEW A.
AU  - ROECKLING, COREY B.
AU  - PILON-SMITS, ELIZABETH A. H.
AU  - PASCHKE, MARK W.
T1  - ROLES OF RHIZOBIAL SYMBIONTS IN SELENIUM HYPERACCUMULATION IN ASTRAGALUS (FABACEAE).
JO  - American Journal of Botany
JF  - American Journal of Botany
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 101
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1895
EP  - 1905
SN  - 00029122
AB  - * Premise of the study: Are there dimensions of symbiotic root interactions that are overlooked because plant mineral nutrition is the foundation and, perhaps too often, the sole explanation through which we view these relationships? In this paper we investigate how the root nodule symbiosis in selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Astragalus species influences plant selenium (Se) accumulation. * Methods: In greenhouse studies, Se was added to nodulated and nonnodulated hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Astragalus plants, followed by investigation of nitrogen (N)-Se relationships. Selenium speciation was also investigated, using x-ray microprobe analysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). * Key results: Nodulation enhanced biomass production and Se to S ratio in both hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator plants. The hyperaccumulator contained more Se when nodulated, while the nonaccumulator contained less S when nodulated. Shoot [Se] was positively correlated with shoot N in Se-hyperaccumulator species, but not in nonhyperaccumulator species. The x- ray microprobe analysis showed that hyperaccumulators contain significantly higher amounts of organic Se than nonhyperaccumulators. LC-MS of A. bisulcatus leaves revealed that nodulated plants contained more γ-glutamyl-methylselenocysteine (γ-Glu-MeSeCys) than nonnodulated plants, while MeSeCys levels were similar. * Conclusions: Root nodule mutualism positively affects Se hyperaccumulation in Astragalus. The microbial N supply particularly appears to contribute glutamate for the formation of γ-Glu-MeSeCys. Our results provide insight into the significance of symbiotic interactions in plant adaptation to edaphic conditions. Specifically, our findings illustrate that the importance of these relationships are not limited to alleviating macronutrient deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Botany is the property of Botanical Society of America, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Plants
KW  - Legumes
KW  - Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
KW  - Selenium
KW  - Greenhouses
KW  - γ-glutamyl-methylselenocysteine
KW  - Astragalus'
KW  - Fabaceae
KW  - hyperaccumulation
KW  - legume
KW  - nodulation
KW  - selenium
KW  - symbiosis
KW  - x-ray absoiption spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 99586099; ALFORD, ÉLAN R. 1,2,3; LINDBLOM, STORMY D. 4; PITTARELLO, MARCO 4; FREEMAN, JOHN L. 4,5,6; FAKRA, SIRINE C. 7; MARCUS, MATTHEW A. 7; ROECKLING, COREY B. 8; PILON-SMITS, ELIZABETH A. H. 1,4; Email Address: elizabeth.pilon-smits@colostate.edu; PASCHKE, MARK W. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA; 2: Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA; 3: H. T. Harvey & Associates, 983 University Ave., Bldg. D, Los Gatos, California 95032 USA; 4: Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA; 5: Intrinsyx Technologies Corporation, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; 6: Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, 2555 E San Ramon Ave., Fresno, CA 93740; 7: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 USA; 8: Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA; Issue Info: Nov2014, Vol. 101 Issue 11, p1895; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Plants; Subject Term: Legumes; Subject Term: Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; Subject Term: Selenium; Subject Term: Greenhouses; Author-Supplied Keyword: γ-glutamyl-methylselenocysteine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astragalus'; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabaceae; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperaccumulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: legume; Author-Supplied Keyword: nodulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: selenium; Author-Supplied Keyword: symbiosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: x-ray absoiption spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3732/ajb.1400223
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, Hanwant B.
T1  - Editorial for Peter Brimblecombe Virtual Special Issue (VSI).
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 97
M3  - Article
SP  - A4
EP  - A5
SN  - 13522310
KW  - Air pollution -- Research
KW  - Publications
KW  - Periodicals -- Articles
KW  - Articles (Published materials)
KW  - Publishers & publishing
KW  - Authors
N1  - Accession Number: 98356120; Singh, Hanwant B. 1; Email Address: Hanwant.B.Singh@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Environment, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Nov2014, Vol. 97, pA4; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Research; Subject Term: Publications; Subject Term: Periodicals -- Articles; Subject Term: Articles (Published materials); Subject Term: Publishers & publishing; Subject Term: Authors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 711513 Independent writers and authors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 711510 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511130 Book Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 109760399
T1  - Early-phase musculoskeletal adaptations to different levels of eccentric resistance after 8 weeks of lower body training.
AU  - English, Kirk L
AU  - Loehr, James A
AU  - Lee, Stuart M C
AU  - Smith, Scott M
Y1  - 2014/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 109760399. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150605. Revision Date: 20151102. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; randomized controlled trial. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. Special Interest: Physical Therapy. NLM UID: 100954790. 
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Bone Density
KW  - Leg -- Physiology
KW  - Muscle Strength
KW  - Resistance Training
KW  - Adult
KW  - Leg Bones -- Metabolism
KW  - Leg Bones -- Physiology
KW  - Human
KW  - Male
KW  - Muscle, Skeletal -- Physiology
SP  - 2263
EP  - 2280
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JA  - EUR J APPL PHYSIOL
VL  - 114
IS  - 11
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1439-6319
AD  - JES Tech, LLC, 16870 Royal Crest Dr., Houston, TX, 77058, USA, kirk.english-1@nasa.gov.
U2  - PMID: 25048074.
DO  - 10.1007/s00421-014-2951-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - E-Martín, Yolanda
AU  - R-Moreno, María D.
AU  - Smith, David E.
T1  - Progressive heuristic search for probabilistic planning based on interaction estimates.
JO  - Expert Systems
JF  - Expert Systems
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 31
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 436
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 02664720
AB  - Development of real planning and scheduling applications often requires the ability to handle uncertainty. Often this uncertainty is represented using probability information on the initial conditions and on the outcomes of actions. In this paper, we describe a novel probabilistic plan graph heuristic that computes information about the interaction between actions and between propositions. This information is used to find better relaxed plans and to compute their probability of success. This information guides a forward state space search for high probability, non-branching seed plans. These plans are then used in a planning and scheduling system that handles unexpected outcomes by runtime replanning. We briefly describe the heuristic, the search process, and the results on different domains from recent international planning competitions. We discuss the results of this study and some of the issues involved in advancing this work further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Expert Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - AUTOMATED planning & scheduling
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - OBJECT-oriented methods (Computer science)
KW  - DETERMINISTIC processes
KW  - heuristic search
KW  - interaction
KW  - planning graphs
KW  - probabilistic planning
N1  - Accession Number: 99255659; E-Martín, Yolanda 1,2; R-Moreno, María D. 2; Smith, David E. 3; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association (USRA); 2: Departamento de Automática, Universidad de Alcalá; 3: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Nov2014, Vol. 31 Issue 5, p421; Thesaurus Term: HEURISTIC; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATED planning & scheduling; Thesaurus Term: MARKOV processes; Thesaurus Term: OBJECT-oriented methods (Computer science); Subject Term: DETERMINISTIC processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: heuristic search; Author-Supplied Keyword: interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: planning graphs; Author-Supplied Keyword: probabilistic planning; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/exsy.12037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iturbe, Xabier
AU  - Ebrahim, Ali
AU  - Benkrid, Khaled
AU  - Hong, Chuan
AU  - Arslan, Tughrul
AU  - Perez, Jon
AU  - Keymeulen, Didier
AU  - Santambrogio, Marco D.
T1  - R3TOS-Based Autonomous Fault-Tolerant Systems.
JO  - IEEE Micro
JF  - IEEE Micro
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 30
SN  - 02721732
AB  - An autonomous fault-tolerant system (AFTS) is one that can reconfigure its own resources in the presence of permanent defects and spontaneous random faults occurring in its silicon substrate in order to maintain the original functionality. This capability makes an AFTS especially suitable for use in harsh environments, where traditional electronics technology is susceptible to failure. This article describes the contributions of the Reliable Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System (R3TOS) for building an AFTS using currently available Xilinx partially-reconfigurable field-programmable gate arrays. Namely, this article discusses what R3TOS offers for developing durable, dependable, and real-time embedded systems to be used in rugged environments. In this context, the article presents an R3TOS-based inverter controller of a real-world railway traction system that is proven to recover from most of the errors injected without requiring any human intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Micro is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT-tolerant computing
KW  - SILICON
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - FIELD programmable gate arrays
KW  - ELECTRIC inverters
KW  - Circuit faults
KW  - Embedded systems
KW  - fault tolerance
KW  - Field programmable gate arrays
KW  - Integrated circuits
KW  - Pulse width modulation
KW  - R3TOS
KW  - real-time and embedded systems
KW  - Real-time systems
KW  - Reconfigurable architectures
KW  - reconfigurable hardware
KW  - Runtime
KW  - Synchronization
KW  - Table lookup
N1  - Accession Number: 100027894; Iturbe, Xabier 1; Ebrahim, Ali 1; Benkrid, Khaled 1; Hong, Chuan 1; Arslan, Tughrul 1; Perez, Jon 2; Keymeulen, Didier 3; Santambrogio, Marco D. 4; Affiliations: 1: University of Edinburgh; 2: IK4-Ikerlan; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 4: Politecnico di Milano; Issue Info: Nov2014, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p20; Thesaurus Term: FAULT-tolerant computing; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: FIELD programmable gate arrays; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inverters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circuit faults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Embedded systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field programmable gate arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulse width modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: R3TOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time and embedded systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Real-time systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reconfigurable architectures; Author-Supplied Keyword: reconfigurable hardware; Author-Supplied Keyword: Runtime; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchronization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Table lookup; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/MM.2014.58
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=100027894&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nessel, James A.
AU  - Manning, Robert M.
T1  - Derivation of Microwave Refractive Index Structure Constant (Cn^{2}) of the Atmosphere From K-Band Interferometric Phase Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2014/11//
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 62
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 5590
EP  - 5598
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Differential phase data has been collected using a site test interferometer (STI) at K-band for several years at various NASA ground station sites, including the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) in Goldstone, CA, and the NASA Space Network (SN) sites in White Sands, NM, and Guam. An objective of this work is to characterize the site-dependent atmospheric phase stability to determine the viability of that site for arraying applications. A useful figure of merit to quantify this effect is the determination of the microwave refractive index structure constant, Cn^{2}, which is highly dependent on variations in the water vapor concentration of the troposphere. In this paper, a method is proposed to derive C{n}^{{2}} from a two-element site test interferometer utilizing temporal phase structure function information. In this way, a path-averaged C{n}^{{2}} at each ground station site is determined which can be used in the design and expected system performance of future Ka-band communication systems in an arrayed architecture. Statistical characterization of microwave C{n}^{{2}} indicates that a mean value of 2.04 \times 10^-14, 2.08\times 10^-14, and 9.8\times 10^-13 is expected for Goldstone, CA, White Sands, NM, and Guam, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics) -- Research
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY -- Research
KW  - MICROWAVE propagation -- Research
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC wave propagation
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER wave propagation
N1  - Accession Number: 99174884; Source Information: Nov2014, Vol. 62 Issue 11, p5590; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics) -- Research; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY -- Research; Subject Term: MICROWAVE propagation -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC wave propagation; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER wave propagation; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2014.2347997
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=99174884&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Aumann, Arie R.
AU  - Lopes, Leonard V.
AU  - Burley, Casey L.
T1  - Auralization of Hybrid Wing-Body Aircraft Flyover Noise from System Noise Predictions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2014/11//Nov/Dec2014
Y1  - 2014/11//Nov/Dec2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1914
EP  - 1926
SN  - 00218669
AB  - System noise assessments of a state-of-the-art reference aircraft (similar to a Boeing 777-200ER with GE90-like turbofan engines) and several hybrid wing-body aircraft configurations were recently performed using NASA engine and aircraft system analysis tools. The hybrid wing-body aircraft were sized to an equivalent mission as the reference aircraft and assessments were performed using measurements of airframe shielding from a series of propulsion airframe aeroacoustic experiments. The focus of this work is to auralize flyover noise from the reference aircraft and the best hybrid wing-body configuration using source noise predictions and shielding data based largely on the earlier assessments. Here, auralization refers to the process by which numerical predictions are converted into audible pressure time histories. It entails synthesis of the source noise and propagation of that noise to a receiver on the ground. For each aircraft, three flyover conditions are auralized. These correspond to approach, sideline, and cutback operating states, but flown in straight and level flight trajectories. The auralizations are performed using synthesis and simulation tools developed at NASA. Audio and visual presentations are provided to allow the reader to experience the flyover from the perspective of a listener in the simulated environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models -- Research
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines -- Noise -- Research
KW  - FLIGHT -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 100108781; Source Information: Nov/Dec2014, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p1914; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models -- Research; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines -- Noise -- Research; Subject Term: FLIGHT -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032572
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=100108781&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mark, Saralyn
AU  - Scott, Graham B.I.
AU  - Donoviel, Dorit B.
AU  - Leveton, Lauren B.
AU  - Mahoney, Erin
AU  - Charles, John B.
AU  - Siegel, Bette
T1  - The Impact of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Executive Summary.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 941
EP  - 947
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - This review article is a compendium of six individual manuscripts, a Commentary, and an Executive Summary. This body of work is entitled 'The Impact of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space' and was developed in response to a recommendation from the 2011 National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey, 'Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration: Life and Physical Sciences for a New Era,' which emphasized the need to fully understand sex and gender differences in space. To ensure the health and safety of male and female astronauts during long-duration space missions, it is imperative to examine and understand the influences that sex and gender have on physiological and psychological changes that occur during spaceflight. In this collection of manuscripts, six workgroups investigated and summarized the current body of published and unpublished human and animal research performed to date related to sex- and gender-based differences in the areas of cardiovascular, immunological, sensorimotor, musculoskeletal, reproductive, and behavioral adaptations to human spaceflight. Each workgroup consisted of scientists and clinicians from academia, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other federal agencies and was co-chaired by one representative from NASA and one from the external scientific community. The workgroups met via telephone and e-mail over 6 months to review literature and data from space- and ground-based studies to identify sex and gender factors affecting crew health. In particular, the Life Sciences Data Archive and the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health were extensively mined. The groups identified certain sex-related differences that impact the risks and the optimal medical care required by space-faring women and men. It represents innovative research in sex and gender-based biology that impacts those individuals that are at the forefront of space exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPOTHALAMUS -- Physiology
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - AUTONOMIC nervous system -- Diseases
KW  - EXPERIENTIAL learning
KW  - HEALTH status indicators
KW  - IMMUNOLOGY
KW  - PROTECTIVE clothing
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY of movement
KW  - MUSCLES -- Diseases
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SLEEP disorders
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TELEPHONE
KW  - TESTOSTERONE
KW  - VISION disorders
KW  - WORK
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
KW  - EMAIL
KW  - REPRODUCTIVE health
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 99473405; Mark, Saralyn 1,2,3,4; Scott, Graham B.I. 5; Donoviel, Dorit B. 6; Leveton, Lauren B. 7; Mahoney, Erin 1,8; Charles, John B. 9; Siegel, Bette 1; Source Information: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p941; Subject: HYPOTHALAMUS -- Physiology; Subject: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject: AUTONOMIC nervous system -- Diseases; Subject: EXPERIENTIAL learning; Subject: HEALTH status indicators; Subject: IMMUNOLOGY; Subject: PROTECTIVE clothing; Subject: PSYCHOLOGY of movement; Subject: MUSCLES -- Diseases; Subject: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject: SLEEP disorders; Subject: SPACE flight; Subject: TELEPHONE; Subject: TESTOSTERONE; Subject: VISION disorders; Subject: WORK; Subject: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Subject: EMAIL; Subject: REPRODUCTIVE health; Subject: SYMPTOMS; Geographic Terms: WASHINGTON (D.C.); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4914
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=99473405&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103855189
T1  - The Impact of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Executive Summary.
AU  - Mark, Saralyn
AU  - Scott, Graham B.I.
AU  - Donoviel, Dorit B.
AU  - Leveton, Lauren B.
AU  - Mahoney, Erin
AU  - Charles, John B.
AU  - Siegel, Bette
Y1  - 2014/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 103855189. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141120. Revision Date: 20151102. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Men's Health; Psychiatry/Psychology; Women's Health. NLM UID: 101159262. 
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Health Status
KW  - Human
KW  - District of Columbia
KW  - Male
KW  - Female
KW  - Seminars and Workshops
KW  - Telephone
KW  - Electronic Mail
KW  - Work Experiences
KW  - Vision Disorders
KW  - Orthostatic Intolerance
KW  - Allergy and Immunology
KW  - Protective Clothing
KW  - Psychomotor Performance
KW  - Muscular Diseases
KW  - Reproductive Health
KW  - Hypothalamus -- Physiology
KW  - Testosterone
KW  - Sleep Disorders
SP  - 941
EP  - 947
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JA  - J WOMENS HEALTH (15409996)
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
CY  - New Rochelle, New York
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
AB  - This review article is a compendium of six individual manuscripts, a Commentary, and an Executive Summary. This body of work is entitled 'The Impact of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space' and was developed in response to a recommendation from the 2011 National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey, 'Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration: Life and Physical Sciences for a New Era,' which emphasized the need to fully understand sex and gender differences in space. To ensure the health and safety of male and female astronauts during long-duration space missions, it is imperative to examine and understand the influences that sex and gender have on physiological and psychological changes that occur during spaceflight. In this collection of manuscripts, six workgroups investigated and summarized the current body of published and unpublished human and animal research performed to date related to sex- and gender-based differences in the areas of cardiovascular, immunological, sensorimotor, musculoskeletal, reproductive, and behavioral adaptations to human spaceflight. Each workgroup consisted of scientists and clinicians from academia, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other federal agencies and was co-chaired by one representative from NASA and one from the external scientific community. The workgroups met via telephone and e-mail over 6 months to review literature and data from space- and ground-based studies to identify sex and gender factors affecting crew health. In particular, the Life Sciences Data Archive and the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health were extensively mined. The groups identified certain sex-related differences that impact the risks and the optimal medical care required by space-faring women and men. It represents innovative research in sex and gender-based biology that impacts those individuals that are at the forefront of space exploration.
SN  - 1540-9996
AD  - Advanced Exploration Systems Division, Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.; School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.; School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.; DMI, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.
AD  - National Space Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
AD  - National Space Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Behavioral Health and Performance Element, Human Research Program, Division of Biomedical Research and Engineering Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Advanced Exploration Systems Division, Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.; Valador, Inc., Herndon, Virginia.
AD  - International Science Office, Human Research Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Advanced Exploration Systems Division, Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.
U2  - PMID: 25401937.
DO  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4914
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103855189&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103855187
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Cardiovascular Alterations.
AU  - Platts, Steven H.
AU  - Bairey Merz, C. Noel
AU  - Barr, Yael
AU  - Fu, Qi
AU  - Gulati, Martha
AU  - Hughson, Richard
AU  - Levine, Benjamin D.
AU  - Mehran, Roxana
AU  - Stachenfeld, Nina
AU  - Wenger, Nanette K.
Y1  - 2014/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 103855187. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141120. Revision Date: 20151102. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Men's Health; Women's Health. NLM UID: 101159262. 
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Cardiovascular Risk Factors
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Cardiovascular System Physiology
KW  - Research
KW  - Male
KW  - Female
KW  - Contraceptives, Oral
KW  - Venous Thromboembolism -- Risk Factors
KW  - Rodents
KW  - Intracranial Hypertension -- Risk Factors
KW  - Vision Disorders
KW  - Sleep
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Gravity, Altered
SP  - 950
EP  - 955
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JA  - J WOMENS HEALTH (15409996)
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
CY  - New Rochelle, New York
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
AB  - Sex and gender differences in the cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight were examined with the goal of optimizing the health and safety of male and female astronauts at the forefront of space exploration. Female astronauts are more susceptible to orthostatic intolerance after space flight; the visual impairment intracranial pressure syndrome predominates slightly in males. Since spaceflight simulates vascular aging, sex-specific effects on vascular endothelium and thrombotic risk warrant examination as predisposing factors to atherosclerosis, important as the current cohort of astronauts ages. Currently, 20% of astronauts are women, and the recently selected astronaut recruits are 50% women. Thus there should be expectation that future research will reflect the composition of the overall population to determine potential benefits or risks. This should apply both to clinical studies and to basic science research.
SN  - 1540-9996
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
AD  - University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.
AD  - University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.
AD  - Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
AD  - University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
AD  - Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.
AD  - John B. Pierce Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
AD  - Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
U2  - PMID: 25401939.
DO  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4912
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103855187&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Platts, Steven H.
AU  - Bairey Merz, C. Noel
AU  - Barr, Yael
AU  - Fu, Qi
AU  - Gulati, Martha
AU  - Hughson, Richard
AU  - Levine, Benjamin D.
AU  - Mehran, Roxana
AU  - Stachenfeld, Nina
AU  - Wenger, Nanette K.
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Cardiovascular Alterations.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 950
EP  - 955
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - Sex and gender differences in the cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight were examined with the goal of optimizing the health and safety of male and female astronauts at the forefront of space exploration. Female astronauts are more susceptible to orthostatic intolerance after space flight; the visual impairment intracranial pressure syndrome predominates slightly in males. Since spaceflight simulates vascular aging, sex-specific effects on vascular endothelium and thrombotic risk warrant examination as predisposing factors to atherosclerosis, important as the current cohort of astronauts ages. Currently, 20% of astronauts are women, and the recently selected astronaut recruits are 50% women. Thus there should be expectation that future research will reflect the composition of the overall population to determine potential benefits or risks. This should apply both to clinical studies and to basic science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THROMBOEMBOLISM -- Risk factors
KW  - VEINS -- Diseases -- Risk factors
KW  - INTRACRANIAL hypertension -- Risk factors
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR diseases -- Risk factors
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR system -- Physiology
KW  - ORAL contraceptives
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RODENTS
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SLEEP
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TIME
KW  - VISION disorders
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 99473403; Platts, Steven H. 1; Bairey Merz, C. Noel 2; Barr, Yael 3; Fu, Qi 4; Gulati, Martha 5; Hughson, Richard 6; Levine, Benjamin D. 4; Mehran, Roxana 7; Stachenfeld, Nina 8; Wenger, Nanette K. 9; Source Information: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p950; Subject: THROMBOEMBOLISM -- Risk factors; Subject: VEINS -- Diseases -- Risk factors; Subject: INTRACRANIAL hypertension -- Risk factors; Subject: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject: CARDIOVASCULAR diseases -- Risk factors; Subject: CARDIOVASCULAR system -- Physiology; Subject: ORAL contraceptives; Subject: RESEARCH; Subject: RODENTS; Subject: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject: SLEEP; Subject: SPACE flight; Subject: TIME; Subject: VISION disorders; Subject: ARTIFICIAL gravity; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4912
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=99473403&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103855191
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Neurosensory Systems.
AU  - Reschke, Millard F.
AU  - Cohen, Helen S.
AU  - Cerisano, Jody M.
AU  - Clayton, Janine A.
AU  - Cromwell, Ronita
AU  - Danielson, Richard W.
AU  - Hwang, Emma Y.
AU  - Tingen, Candace
AU  - Allen, John R.
AU  - Tomko, David L.
Y1  - 2014/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 103855191. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141120. Revision Date: 20151102. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Men's Health; Psychiatry/Psychology; Women's Health. NLM UID: 101159262. 
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Neurophysiology
KW  - Research
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Male
KW  - Female
KW  - Cell Death
KW  - Vision
KW  - Sensation
KW  - Memory
KW  - Auditory Threshold
KW  - Spatial Perception
KW  - Motion Sickness -- Risk Factors
KW  - Ataxia -- Risk Factors
SP  - 959
EP  - 962
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JA  - J WOMENS HEALTH (15409996)
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
CY  - New Rochelle, New York
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
AB  - Sex and gender differences have long been a research topic of interest, yet few studies have explored the specific differences in neurological responses between men and women during and after spaceflight. Knowledge in this field is limited due to the significant disproportion of sexes enrolled in the astronaut corps. Research indicates that general neurological and sensory differences exist between the sexes, such as those in laterality of amygdala activity, sensitivity and discrimination in vision processing, and neuronal cell death (apoptosis) pathways. In spaceflight, sex differences may include a higher incidence of entry and space motion sickness and of post-flight vestibular instability in female as opposed to male astronauts who flew on both short- and long-duration missions. Hearing and auditory function in crewmembers shows the expected hearing threshold differences between men and women, in which female astronauts exhibit better hearing thresholds. Longitudinal observations of hearing thresholds for crewmembers yield normal age-related decrements; however, no evidence of sex-related differences from spaceflight has been observed. The impact of sex and gender differences should be studied by making spaceflight accessible and flying more women into space. Only in this way will we know if increasingly longer-duration missions cause significantly different neurophysiological responses in men and women.
SN  - 1540-9996
AD  - Department of Neuroscience, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
AD  - Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas.
AD  - National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
AD  - Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington, DC.
AD  - Space Life and Physical Sciences Research Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington, DC.
U2  - PMID: 25401941.
DO  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4908
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103855191&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reschke, Millard F.
AU  - Cohen, Helen S.
AU  - Cerisano, Jody M.
AU  - Clayton, Janine A.
AU  - Cromwell, Ronita
AU  - Danielson, Richard W.
AU  - Hwang, Emma Y.
AU  - Tingen, Candace
AU  - Allen, John R.
AU  - Tomko, David L.
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Neurosensory Systems.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 959
EP  - 962
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - Sex and gender differences have long been a research topic of interest, yet few studies have explored the specific differences in neurological responses between men and women during and after spaceflight. Knowledge in this field is limited due to the significant disproportion of sexes enrolled in the astronaut corps. Research indicates that general neurological and sensory differences exist between the sexes, such as those in laterality of amygdala activity, sensitivity and discrimination in vision processing, and neuronal cell death (apoptosis) pathways. In spaceflight, sex differences may include a higher incidence of entry and space motion sickness and of post-flight vestibular instability in female as opposed to male astronauts who flew on both short- and long-duration missions. Hearing and auditory function in crewmembers shows the expected hearing threshold differences between men and women, in which female astronauts exhibit better hearing thresholds. Longitudinal observations of hearing thresholds for crewmembers yield normal age-related decrements; however, no evidence of sex-related differences from spaceflight has been observed. The impact of sex and gender differences should be studied by making spaceflight accessible and flying more women into space. Only in this way will we know if increasingly longer-duration missions cause significantly different neurophysiological responses in men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATAXIA -- Risk factors
KW  - MOTION sickness -- Risk factors
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - CELL death
KW  - HEARING levels
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SENSES & sensation
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - VISION
N1  - Accession Number: 99473401; Reschke, Millard F. 1; Cohen, Helen S. 2; Cerisano, Jody M. 3; Clayton, Janine A. 4; Cromwell, Ronita 5; Danielson, Richard W. 2; Hwang, Emma Y. 3; Tingen, Candace 6; Allen, John R. 7; Tomko, David L. 8; Source Information: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p959; Subject: ATAXIA -- Risk factors; Subject: MOTION sickness -- Risk factors; Subject: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject: CELL death; Subject: HEARING levels; Subject: MEMORY; Subject: NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; Subject: RESEARCH; Subject: SENSES & sensation; Subject: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject: SPACE flight; Subject: SPACE perception; Subject: VISION; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4908
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=99473401&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103855198
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Musculoskeletal Health.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori
AU  - Bloomfield, Susan
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
AU  - Hunter, Sandra K.
AU  - Templeton, Kim
AU  - Bemben, Debra
Y1  - 2014/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 103855198. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141120. Revision Date: 20151102. Publication Type: Journal Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Men's Health; Psychiatry/Psychology; Women's Health. NLM UID: 101159262. 
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Muscular Diseases -- Risk Factors
KW  - Joints -- Injuries
KW  - Musculoskeletal System Physiology
KW  - Research
KW  - Male
KW  - Female
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Gravity, Altered
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Osteoarthritis
SP  - 963
EP  - 966
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JA  - J WOMENS HEALTH (15409996)
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
CY  - New Rochelle, New York
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
AB  - There is considerable variability among individuals in musculoskeletal response to long-duration spaceflight. The specific origin of the individual variability is unknown but is almost certainly influenced by the details of other mission conditions such as individual differences in exercise countermeasures, particularly intensity of exercise, dietary intake, medication use, stress, sleep, psychological profiles, and actual mission task demands. In addition to variations in mission conditions, genetic differences may account for some aspect of individual variability. Generally, this individual variability exceeds the variability between sexes that adds to the complexity of understanding sex differences alone. Research specifically related to sex differences of the musculoskeletal system during unloading is presented and discussed.
SN  - 1540-9996
AD  - Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures, University Space Research Association, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.
AD  - Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Exercise Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
AD  - Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, Kansas.
AD  - Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.
U2  - PMID: 25401942.
DO  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4910
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103855198&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori
AU  - Bloomfield, Susan
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
AU  - Hunter, Sandra K.
AU  - Templeton, Kim
AU  - Bemben, Debra
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Musculoskeletal Health.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 963
EP  - 966
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - There is considerable variability among individuals in musculoskeletal response to long-duration spaceflight. The specific origin of the individual variability is unknown but is almost certainly influenced by the details of other mission conditions such as individual differences in exercise countermeasures, particularly intensity of exercise, dietary intake, medication use, stress, sleep, psychological profiles, and actual mission task demands. In addition to variations in mission conditions, genetic differences may account for some aspect of individual variability. Generally, this individual variability exceeds the variability between sexes that adds to the complexity of understanding sex differences alone. Research specifically related to sex differences of the musculoskeletal system during unloading is presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JOINTS (Anatomy) -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - MUSCLES -- Diseases -- Risk factors
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Physiology
KW  - OSTEOARTHRITIS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TIME
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 99473414; Ploutz-Snyder, Lori 1; Bloomfield, Susan 2; Smith, Scott M. 3; Hunter, Sandra K. 4; Templeton, Kim 5; Bemben, Debra 6; Source Information: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p963; Subject: JOINTS (Anatomy) -- Wounds & injuries; Subject: MUSCLES -- Diseases -- Risk factors; Subject: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject: MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Physiology; Subject: OSTEOARTHRITIS; Subject: RESEARCH; Subject: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject: SPACE flight; Subject: TIME; Subject: ARTIFICIAL gravity; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4910
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=99473414&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 103855190
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptations to Space: Reproductive Health.
AU  - Ronca, April E.
AU  - Baker, Ellen S.
AU  - Bavendam, Tamara G.
AU  - Beck, Kevin D.
AU  - Miller, Virginia M.
AU  - Tash, Joseph S.
AU  - Jenkins, Marjorie
Y1  - 2014/11//
N1  - Accession Number: 103855190. Language: English. Entry Date: 20141120. Revision Date: 20151102. Publication Type: Journal Article; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Men's Health; Psychiatry/Psychology; Women's Health. NLM UID: 101159262. 
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Reproductive Health
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Adaptation, Physiological
KW  - Research
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Adaptation, Psychological
KW  - Weightlessness
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Urogenital System -- Physiology
KW  - Neurophysiology
KW  - Neuropsychology
SP  - 967
EP  - 974
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JA  - J WOMENS HEALTH (15409996)
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
CY  - New Rochelle, New York
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
AB  - In this report, sex/gender research relevant to reproduction on Earth, in conjunction with the extant human and animal observations in space, was used to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize recommendations for future sex- and gender-specific surveillance and monitoring of male and female astronauts. With overall increased durations of contemporary space missions, a deeper understanding of sex/gender effects on reproduction-related responses and adaptations to the space environment is warranted to minimize risks and insure healthy aging of the men and women who travel into space.
SN  - 1540-9996
AD  - Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountainview, California.; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.
AD  - NASA Medical Officer and Astronaut (Retired), Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.
AD  - Women's Urologic Health, NIH/NIDDK, Bethesda, Maryland.
AD  - Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
AD  - Departments of Physiology and Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.
AD  - Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Urology and the Interdisciplinary Center for Male Contraceptive Research and Drug Development, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health, and Rush Endowed Chair for Excellence in Gynecology Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas.
U2  - PMID: 25401943.
DO  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4915
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=103855190&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ronca, April E.
AU  - Baker, Ellen S.
AU  - Bavendam, Tamara G.
AU  - Beck, Kevin D.
AU  - Miller, Virginia M.
AU  - Tash, Joseph S.
AU  - Jenkins, Marjorie
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptations to Space: Reproductive Health.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 967
EP  - 974
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - In this report, sex/gender research relevant to reproduction on Earth, in conjunction with the extant human and animal observations in space, was used to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize recommendations for future sex- and gender-specific surveillance and monitoring of male and female astronauts. With overall increased durations of contemporary space missions, a deeper understanding of sex/gender effects on reproduction-related responses and adaptations to the space environment is warranted to minimize risks and insure healthy aging of the men and women who travel into space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENITOURINARY organs -- Physiology
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TIME
KW  - WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - REPRODUCTIVE health
N1  - Accession Number: 99473407; Ronca, April E. 1,2; Baker, Ellen S. 3; Bavendam, Tamara G. 4; Beck, Kevin D. 5; Miller, Virginia M. 6; Tash, Joseph S. 7; Jenkins, Marjorie 8; Source Information: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p967; Subject: GENITOURINARY organs -- Physiology; Subject: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject: NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; Subject: NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; Subject: RESEARCH; Subject: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject: SPACE flight; Subject: TIME; Subject: WEIGHTLESSNESS; Subject: REPRODUCTIVE health; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4915
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=99473407&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zakharov, Alexander
AU  - Horanyi, Mihály
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Witasse, Olivier
AU  - Cipriani, Fabrice
T1  - Dust at the Martian moons and in the circummartian space.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 175
SN  - 00320633
AB  - The paper provides the current understanding of the dust particle dynamics near the surface and in the circummatrian space of the Martian moons based on existing models developed for airless and non-magnetized bodies. In particular we discuss the response of the regolith of the Martian moons to exposure to radiation, the dynamics of charged dust on their surfaces, their plasma environments, the models and indirect observations of their putative dust tori. It is concluded that there is a good theoretical understanding of the behavior of the dynamics of dust particles near the moons Phobos and Deimos. Current models predict dust rings near orbits of the Martian moons based on detailed estimates for the sources and sinks of the dust particles as well as their lifetimes. However, there is no compelling observational evidence for the predicted dust torus around Phobos or Deimos orbits, and there are no observations yet of dust dynamics near their surfaces. Naturally, in order to detect the motion of dust near the surfaces of these moons, and their dust tori we need measurements using a complementary set of sensitive instruments, including impart dust detectors, electric field sensors, and optical cameras in future missions to Mars and its moons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dust
KW  - Natural satellites
KW  - Regolith
KW  - Optical detectors
KW  - Phobos (Satellite)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Dust tori
KW  - Martian moons
KW  - Particle dynamic
KW  - Plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 98577486; Zakharov, Alexander 1; Email Address: zakharov@iki.rssi.ru; Horanyi, Mihály 2; Lee, Pascal 3; Witasse, Olivier 4; Cipriani, Fabrice 4; Affiliations: 1: Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA; 3: Mars Institute and SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; 4: ESA, ESTEC, The Netherlands; Issue Info: Nov2014, Vol. 102, p171; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Subject Term: Natural satellites; Subject Term: Regolith; Subject Term: Optical detectors; Subject Term: Phobos (Satellite); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust tori; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martian moons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle dynamic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.12.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=98577486&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, Hao
AU  - Dubayah, Ralph
AU  - Brolly, Matthew
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Zhang, Gong
T1  - Large-scale retrieval of leaf area index and vertical foliage profile from the spaceborne waveform lidar (GLAS/ICESat).
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 154
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 18
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Leaf area index (LAI) and canopy vertical profiles are important descriptors of ecosystem structure. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on board ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) provided three-dimensional observations that can be used to derive these canopy structure parameters globally. While several canopy height products have been produced globally from GLAS, no comparable data sets for LAI and canopy profiles exist across large areas. In this study we develop a physically based method of retrieving LAI and vertical foliage profiles (VFPs) from GLAS observations over the entire state of California, USA. This method refines lidar derived LAI and VFP through a recursive analysis of GLAS waveforms using ancillary data obtained from existing remote sensing products. Those supplemental inputs include canopy clumping index derived from POLDER, 500 m land cover type and 1 km LAI data derived from MODIS. Implementation of our method created state-level LAI and VFP data for the existing GLAS transects over California. We then analyzed the variability of LAI and VFP data sets across environmental gradients and as a function of land cover type and elevation. Both LAI and VFP showed strong variability across elevational gradients and among land cover types. We compared our results at the scale of GLAS footprints with an LAI map derived from Landsat (at 30 m) and found moderate agreement ( r 2 = 0.34, bias = 0.26, RMSD (Root Mean Square Difference) = 1.85) between the two. In particular, Landsat LAI not only appeared to saturate relative to GLAS LAI at around LAI = 5, but also showed an overestimation for LAI less than about 2. Best agreement between the two LAI data sets was shown to occur in areas with slope less than 20°. Results from our study suggest the possibility of retrieving global LAI and VFP data from GLAS data and the potential for synergetic observation of lidar and passive optical remote sensing data such as Landsat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Optical remote sensing
KW  - Altimeters
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - GLAS
KW  - LAI
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Vertical foliage profile
N1  - Accession Number: 99227964; Tang, Hao 1; Dubayah, Ralph 1; Brolly, Matthew 2; Ganguly, Sangram 3,4; Zhang, Gong 3,4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 2: School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, United Kingdom; 3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI), West Sonoma, CA, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2014, Vol. 154, p8; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Subject Term: Leaf area index; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Optical remote sensing; Subject Term: Altimeters; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Author-Supplied Keyword: GLAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertical foliage profile; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=99227964&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lagomasino, David
AU  - Price, René M.
AU  - Whitman, Dean
AU  - Campbell, Petya K.E.
AU  - Melesse, Assefa
T1  - Estimating major ion and nutrient concentrations in mangrove estuaries in Everglades National Park using leaf and satellite reflectance.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 154
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 218
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Coastal mangrove ecosystems are under duress worldwide because of urban development, sea-level rise, and climate change, processes that are capable of changing the salinity and nutrient concentration of the water utilized by the mangroves. This study correlates long-term water chemistry in mangrove environments, located in Everglades National Park, with mangrove spectral reflectance measurements made at both the leaf and canopy scales. Spectral reflectance measurements were collected using a handheld spectrometer for leaf-level measurements and Landsat 5TM data for regional coverage. Leaf-level reflectance data were collected from three mangrove species (i.e., red, black and white mangroves) across two regions; a tall mangrove (~ 18 m) and dwarf mangrove (1–2 m) region. The reflectance data were then used to calculate a wide variety of biophysical reflectance indices (e.g., NDVI, EVI, SAVI) to determine signs of stress. Discrete, quarterly water samples from the surface water, groundwater, and pore water (20 and 85 cm depths) and daily autonomous surface water samples were collected at each site and analyzed for major anions (Cl − and SO 4 2− ), cations (Na + , K + , Mg 2 + , and Ca 2 + ), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Mangrove sites that exhibited the highest salinity and ionic concentrations in the surface and subsurface water also had the lowest near-infrared reflectance at both the leaf and satellite levels. Seasonal reflectance responses were measured in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths at both the leaf and canopy scales and were strongly correlated with nutrient and ionic concentrations in the surface and subsurface water, even though there was no significant separability between the three mangrove species. Study sites that experienced the greatest variability in surface and subsurface water ionic concentrations also exhibited the greatest fluctuations in NIR spectral reflectance. Landsat 5TM images were able to detect tall and dwarf mangroves by the differences in spectral indices (e.g., NDVI, NDWI, and EVI) because of the variability in the background conditions amongst the environments. In addition, Landsat 5TM images spanning 16 years (1993–2009) were successfully used to estimate the seasonal variability in ionic concentrations in the surface water across the Florida Coastal mangrove ecotone. This study has shown that water chemistry can be estimated indirectly by measuring the change in spectral response at the leaf- or satellite-scale. Furthermore, the results of this research may be extrapolated to similar coastal mangrove systems throughout the Caribbean and world-wide wherever red, black, and white mangroves occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mangrove plants
KW  - Urban growth
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Water quality
KW  - Everglades National Park (Fla.)
KW  - Everglades
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Mangroves
KW  - NDVI
KW  - Spectral reflectance
N1  - Accession Number: 99227976; Lagomasino, David 1,2; Email Address: david.lagomasino@nasa.gov; Price, René M. 1,2; Whitman, Dean 1; Campbell, Petya K.E. 3,4; Melesse, Assefa 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; 2: Southeast Environmental Research Center, Miami, FL, United States; 3: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Issue Info: Nov2014, Vol. 154, p202; Thesaurus Term: Mangrove plants; Thesaurus Term: Urban growth; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Water quality; Subject: Everglades National Park (Fla.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Everglades; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mangroves; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral reflectance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237210 Land Subdivision; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=99227976&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zemcov, Michael
AU  - Smidt, Joseph
AU  - Toshiaki Arai
AU  - Bock, James
AU  - Cooray, Asantha
AU  - Yan Gong
AU  - Min Gyu Kim
AU  - Korngut, Phillip
AU  - Lam, Anson
AU  - Dae Hee Lee
AU  - Toshio Matsumoto
AU  - Shuji Matsuura
AU  - Uk Won Nam
AU  - Roudier, Gael
AU  - Kohji Tsumura
AU  - Takehiko Wada
T1  - On the origin of near-infrared extragalactic background light anisotropy.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2014/11/07/
VL  - 346
IS  - 6210
M3  - Article
SP  - 732
EP  - 734
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Extragalactic background light (EBL) anisotropy traces variations in the total production of photons over cosmic history and may contain faint, extended components missed in galaxy point-source surveys. Infrared EBL fluctuations have been attributed to primordial galaxies and black holes at the epoch of reionization (EOR) or, alternately, intrahalo light (IHL) from stars tidally stripped from their parent galaxies at low redshift. We report new EBL anisotropy measurements from a specialized sounding rocket experiment at 1.1 and 1.6 micrometers. The observed fluctuations exceed the amplitude from known galaxy populations, are inconsistent with EOR galaxies and black holes, and are largely explained by IHL emission. The measured fluctuations are associated with an EBL intensity that is comparable to the background from known galaxies measured through number counts and therefore a substantial contribution to the energy contained in photons in the cosmos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Cosmic background radiation
KW  - Near infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Ionization of gases
KW  - Galaxies
KW  - Massive compact halo object
KW  - Black holes (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 99288301; Zemcov, Michael 1,2; Smidt, Joseph 3,4; Toshiaki Arai 5,6; Bock, James 1,2; Email Address: jjb@astro.caltech.edu; Cooray, Asantha 4; Yan Gong 4; Min Gyu Kim 7; Korngut, Phillip 1,2; Lam, Anson 1,8; Dae Hee Lee 9; Toshio Matsumoto 5,10; Shuji Matsuura 5; Uk Won Nam 9; Roudier, Gael 2; Kohji Tsumura 11; Takehiko Wada 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 3: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; 4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; 5: Department of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; 6: Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; 7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea; 8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 9: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon 305-348, Korea; 10: Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China; 11: Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; Issue Info: 11/07/2014, Vol. 346 Issue 6210, p732; Thesaurus Term: Anisotropy; Subject Term: Cosmic background radiation; Subject Term: Near infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Ionization of gases; Subject Term: Galaxies; Subject Term: Massive compact halo object; Subject Term: Black holes (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1258168
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=99288301&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemeth, Noel N
T1  - Unit-sphere multiaxial stochastic-strength model applied to a composite material.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 27
M3  - Article
SP  - 3395
EP  - 3424
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The Batdorf “unit-sphere” methodology has been extended to predict the multiaxial stochastic strength response of anisotropic (specifically transversely isotropic) brittle materials, including polymer matrix composites, by considering (1) nonrandom orientation of intrinsic flaws and (2) critical strength or fracture toughness changing with flaw orientation relative to the material microstructure. The equations developed to characterize these properties are general and can model tightly defined or more diffuse material anisotropy textures describing flaw populations. In this paper, results from finite element analysis of a fiber-reinforced matrix unit cell were used with the unit-sphere model to predict the biaxial strength response of a unidirectional polymer matrix composite previously reported from the World-Wide Failure Exercise. Findings regarding stress–state interactions, thermal residual stresses, and failure modes are also provided. The unit-sphere methodology is an attempt to provide an improved mechanistic basis to the problem of predicting strength response of an anisotropic and composite material under multiaxial loading as compared to polynomial interaction equation formulations. The methodology includes consideration of strength scatter to predict material probability of failure, shear sensitivity of flaws, and accounting for multiple failure modes regarding overall failure response. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - FAILURE mode & effects analysis
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
KW  - anisotropy
KW  - Batdorf
KW  - brittle
KW  - failure modes
KW  - failure probability
KW  - graphite
KW  - multiaxial
KW  - polymer matrix composite
KW  - strength
KW  - unit cell
KW  - Weibull
N1  - Accession Number: 99313148; Nemeth, Noel N 1; Source Information: Nov2014, Vol. 48 Issue 27, p3395; Subject: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject: ANISOTROPY; Subject: POLYMERS; Subject: FAILURE mode & effects analysis; Subject: WEIBULL distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Batdorf; Author-Supplied Keyword: brittle; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure modes; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: graphite; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiaxial; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: unit cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 17300
L3  - 10.1177/0021998313509865
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=99313148&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jagota, Seema
AU  - Kawai, Jun
AU  - Deamer, David
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Khare, Bishun
AU  - Beeler, David
T1  - Surface-active substances in a laboratory simulated Titan׳s organic haze: Prebiotic microstructures.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
EP  - 173
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, is a key planetary body for astrobiological studies due to its active organic chemistry, hydrocarbon lakes and possible subsurface water-ammonia liquids. We have investigated the physicochemical properties of organic compounds synthesized in a simulated Titan atmosphere. A laboratory analog of Titan׳s aerosols, called tholin, was produced by irradiation of a nitrogen/methane gas mixture. The primary aim was to determine whether tholin represent possible sources of surface-active substances that could have been involved in the formation of prebiotic structures. A tholin sample was extracted with chloroform-methanol and the chloroform soluble material was separated by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Fluorescence excited by UV light was used to identify the major components on the plates. After being scraped from the TLC plate, the components were eluted as specific fractions and investigated by surface chemical methods, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Fractions 1 and 2 were strongly fluorescent and surface active, producing films at air-water interfaces. When exposed to aqueous phases, components in fraction 1 form spherical microstructures resembling prebionts. The prebionts are precursor structures that might have evolved into the first living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Surface active agents
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Haze
KW  - Prebiotics
KW  - Planetary science
KW  - Gas mixtures
KW  - Langmuir–Blodgett
KW  - Prebiotic
KW  - Self-assembled structures
KW  - Surface-active substances
N1  - Accession Number: 99105987; Jagota, Seema 1; Email Address: seema.ames@gmail.com; Kawai, Jun 2; Deamer, David 3; McKay, Christopher 1; Khare, Bishun 1; Beeler, David 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; 2: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan; 3: Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064-1077, USA; Issue Info: Nov2014, Vol. 103, p167; Thesaurus Term: Surface active agents; Thesaurus Term: Organic chemistry; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Haze; Subject Term: Prebiotics; Subject Term: Planetary science; Subject Term: Gas mixtures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Langmuir–Blodgett; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-assembled structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface-active substances; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2014.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl A.
AU  - Nicholson, Brooke E.
AU  - Beaudoin, Claire S.
AU  - Detweiler, Angela M.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
T1  - Trimethylamine and Organic Matter Additions Reverse Substrate Limitation Effects on the δ13C Values of Methane Produced in Hypersaline Microbial Mats.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 80
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 7316
EP  - 7323
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Methane production has been observed in a number of hypersaline environments, and it is generally thought that this methane is produced through the use of noncompetitive substrates, such as the methylamines, dimethylsulfide and methanol. Stable isotope measurements of the produced methane have also suggested that the methanogens are operating under conditions of substrate limitation. Here, substrate limitation in gypsum-hosted endoevaporite and soft-mat hypersaline environments was investigated by the addition of trimethylamine, a noncompetitive substrate for methanogenesis, and dried microbial mat, a source of natural organic matter. The δ13C values of the methane produced after amendments were compared to those in unamended control vials. At all hypersaline sites investigated, the δ13C values of the methane produced in the amended vials were statistically lower (by 10 to 71 % o ) than the unamended controls, supporting the hypothesis of substrate limitation at these sites. When substrates were added to the incubation vials, the methanogens within the vials fractionated carbon isotopes to a greater degree, resulting in the production of more 13C-depleted methane. Trimethylamine-amended samples produced lower methane δ13C values than the mat-amended samples. This difference in the δ13C values between the two types of amendments could be due to differences in isotope fractionation associated with the dominant methane production pathway (or substrate used) within the vials, with trimethylamine being the main substrate used in the trimethylamine-amended vials. It is hypothesized that increased natural organic matter in the mat-amended vials would increase fermentation rates, leading to higher H2 concentrations and increased C 02/H2 methanogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Methane
KW  - Methanol
KW  - Trimethylamine
KW  - Isotopes
KW  - Carbon isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 99426003; Kelley, Cheryl A. 1; Email Address: kelleyc@missouri.edu; Nicholson, Brooke E. 1; Beaudoin, Claire S. 1; Detweiler, Angela M. 2; Bebout, Brad M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 80 Issue 23, p7316; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Methanol; Subject Term: Trimethylamine; Subject Term: Isotopes; Subject Term: Carbon isotopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02641-14
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackey, J.
AU  - Sehirlioglu, A.
AU  - Dynys, F.
T1  - Analytic thermoelectric couple optimization introducing Device Design Factor and Fin Factor.
JO  - Applied Energy
JF  - Applied Energy
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 134
M3  - Article
SP  - 374
EP  - 381
SN  - 03062619
AB  - An analytic solution of a thermocouple has been developed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the physics of a real device. The model is established for both rectangular and cylindrical couples and is made to account for thermal resistance of the hot and cold shoes and lateral heat transfer. A set of dimensionless parameters have been developed to determine couple behavior and serve as simplifying justifications. New dimensionless parameters, Device Design Factor and Fin Factor, are introduced to account for the thermal resistance and lateral heat transfer, respectively. Design guidelines on couple length and cross-sectional area have been established to account for conditions encountered by a realistic couple. As a result of thermal resistances a lower limit on the length of the couple can be established. In the case of a lateral heat transfer couple the efficiency is found to depend upon cross-sectional area of the leg in such a fashion as to suggest the need to design large area couples. The classic thermoelectric solution neglects the effect of thermal resistance and lateral heat transfer, leading to an over estimated conversion efficiency. The work presented provides a path to incorporate these neglected factors and offers a simplified estimation for couple performance based on analytic solutions of governing equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Energy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Thermoelectricity
KW  - Thermocouples
KW  - Thermal resistance
KW  - Peltier effect
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Seebeck coefficient
KW  - Thermoelectric modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 98401444; Mackey, J. 1; Email Address: jam151@zips.uakron.edu; Sehirlioglu, A. 2; Dynys, F. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; 2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 134, p374; Thesaurus Term: Thermoelectricity; Subject Term: Thermocouples; Subject Term: Thermal resistance; Subject Term: Peltier effect; Subject Term: Heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seebeck coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric modeling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.034
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=98401444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Damadeo, R. P.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - Reevaluation of stratospheric ozone trends from SAGE II data using a simultaneous temporal and spatial analysis.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 14
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 17681
EP  - 17725
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This paper details a new method of regression for sparsely sampled data sets for use with time-series analysis, in particular the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II ozone data set. Non-uniform spatial, temporal, and diurnal sampling present in the data set result in biased values for the long-term trend if not accounted for. This new method is performed close to the native resolution of measurements and is a simultaneous temporal and spatial analysis that accounts for any potential diurnal variation. Results show declines in ozone similar to other studies but very different trends in the recovery period. The regression model allows for a variable turnaround time and reveals a hemispheric asymmetry in the middle to upper stratosphere. Similar methodology is also applied to SAGE II aerosol optical depth data to create a new volcanic proxy that covers the SAGE II mission period. Ultimately this technique may be extensible towards the inclusion of multiple data sets without the need for homogenization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Regression analysis
KW  - Spatial analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Diurnal variations in meteorology
KW  - Homogenization (Differential equations)
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - Sampling (Process)
N1  - Accession Number: 97235416; Damadeo, R. P. 1; Email Address: robert.damadeo@nasa.gov; Zawodny, J. M. 1; Thomason, L. W. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 12, p17681; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Subject Term: Regression analysis; Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Diurnal variations in meteorology; Subject Term: Homogenization (Differential equations); Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Sampling (Process); Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-17681-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=97235416&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finley, Andrew O.
AU  - Banerjee, Sudipto
AU  - Weiskittel, Aaron R.
AU  - Babcock, Chad
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
T1  - Dynamic spatial regression models for space-varying forest stand tables.
JO  - Environmetrics
JF  - Environmetrics
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 25
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 596
EP  - 609
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 11804009
AB  - Many forest management planning decisions are based on information about the number of trees by species and diameter per unit area. This information is commonly summarized in a stand table, where a stand is defined as a group of forest trees of sufficiently uniform species composition, age, condition, or productivity to be considered a homogeneous unit for planning purposes. Typically, information used to construct stand tables is gleaned from observed subsets of the forest selected using a probability-based sampling design. Such sampling campaigns are expensive, and hence, only a small number of sample units are typically observed. This data paucity means that stand tables can only be estimated for relatively large areal units. Contemporary forest management planning and spatially explicit ecosystem models require stand table input at higher spatial resolution than can be affordably provided using traditional approaches. We propose a dynamic multivariate Poisson spatial regression model that accommodates both spatial correlation between observed diameter distributions and also correlation between tree counts across diameter classes within each location. To improve fit and prediction at unobserved locations, diameter specific intensities can be estimated using auxiliary data such as management history or remotely sensed information. The proposed model is used to analyze a diverse forest inventory dataset collected on the United States Forest Service Penobscot Experimental Forest in Bradley, Maine. Results demonstrate that explicitly modeling the residual spatial structure via a multivariate Gaussian process and incorporating information about forest structure from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) covariates improve model fit and can provide high spatial resolution stand table maps with associated estimates of uncertainty. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmetrics is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Forest management
KW  - Experimental forests
KW  - Spatial analysis (Statistics)
KW  - Environmental protection -- Planning
KW  - Optical radar
KW  - Maine
KW  - dynamic model
KW  - forestry
KW  - Gaussian spatial process
KW  - MCMC
KW  - United States. Forest Service
N1  - Accession Number: 100101124; Finley, Andrew O. 1,2; Banerjee, Sudipto 3; Weiskittel, Aaron R. 4; Babcock, Chad 5; Cook, Bruce D. 6; Affiliations: 1: Departments of Geography, Michigan State University; 2: Department of Forestry, Michigan State University; 3: Department of Biostatistics, University of California; 4: School of Forest Resources, University of Maine; 5: School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington; 6: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 25 Issue 8, p596; Thesaurus Term: Forest management; Thesaurus Term: Experimental forests; Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: Environmental protection -- Planning; Subject Term: Optical radar; Subject: Maine; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: forestry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian spatial process; Author-Supplied Keyword: MCMC ; Company/Entity: United States. Forest Service; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115310 Support Activities for Forestry; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/env.2322
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100101124&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chabot, Nancy L.
AU  - Ernst, Carolyn M.
AU  - Denevi, Brett W.
AU  - Nair, Hari
AU  - Deutsch, Ariel N.
AU  - Blewett, David T.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Neumann, Gregory A.
AU  - Mazarico, Erwan
AU  - Paige, David A.
AU  - Harmon, John K.
AU  - Head, James W.
AU  - Solomon, Sean C.
T1  - Images of surface volatiles in Mercury's polar craters acquired by the MESSENGER spacecraft.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1051
EP  - 1054
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 00917613
AB  - Images acquired by NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft have revealed the morphology of frozen volatiles in Mercury's permanently shadowed polar craters and provide insight into the mode of emplacement and evolution of the polar deposits. The images show extensive, spatially continuous regions with distinctive reflectance properties. A site within Prokofiev crater identified as containing widespread surface water ice exhibits a cratered texture that resembles the neighboring sunlit surface except for its uniformly higher reflectance, indicating that the surficial ice was emplaced after formation of the underlying craters. In areas where water ice is inferred to be present but covered by a thin layer of dark, organic-rich volatile material, regions with uniformly lower reflectance extend to the edges of the shadowed areas and terminate with sharp boundaries. The sharp boundaries indicate that the volatile deposits at Mercury's poles are geologically young, relative to the time scale for lateral mixing by impacts, and either are restored at the surface through an ongoing process or were delivered to the planet recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Ice
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Mercury (Planet)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Reflectance
N1  - Accession Number: 99716649; Chabot, Nancy L. 1; Email Address: Nancy.Chabot@jhuapl.edu; Ernst, Carolyn M. 1; Denevi, Brett W. 1; Nair, Hari 1; Deutsch, Ariel N. 1; Blewett, David T. 1; Murchie, Scott L. 1; Neumann, Gregory A. 2; Mazarico, Erwan 2; Paige, David A. 3; Harmon, John K. 4; Head, James W. 5; Solomon, Sean C. 6,7; Affiliations: 1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; 3: Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; 4: National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00612, USA; 5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA; 6: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA; 7: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p1051; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Mercury (Planet); Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Reflectance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G35916.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=99716649&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
AU  - Geven, Richard W.
AU  - Recker, Matthias P.
AU  - Schooler, Jonathan W.
T1  - The Retention of Manual Flying Skills in the Automated Cockpit.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 56
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1506
EP  - 1516
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 00187208
AB  - The article details a study on the effects of prolonged use of cockpit automation to a pilots' manual flying skills. For this study, 16 airline pilots were asked to flyroutine and nonroutine flight scenarios in a Boeing 747-400 simulator. The study found that when automation is used, the instrument scanning and aircraft control skills of the pilots are well retained.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Automated guided vehicle systems
KW  - Flight training
KW  - Air pilots
KW  - Airplane control systems
KW  - Human-machine systems -- Manual control
KW  - Core competencies
KW  - Skills inventories
KW  - Ability testing
KW  - atrophy
KW  - manual flying skills
KW  - mind wandering
KW  - procedural
KW  - retention
N1  - Accession Number: 99431020; Casner, Stephen M. 1; Geven, Richard W. 2; Recker, Matthias P. 2; Schooler, Jonathan W. 3; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California; 2: San José State University Research Foundation, Moffett Field, California; 3: University of California, Santa Barbara; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 56 Issue 8, p1506; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Automated guided vehicle systems; Subject Term: Flight training; Subject Term: Air pilots; Subject Term: Airplane control systems; Subject Term: Human-machine systems -- Manual control; Subject Term: Core competencies; Subject Term: Skills inventories; Subject Term: Ability testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: atrophy; Author-Supplied Keyword: manual flying skills; Author-Supplied Keyword: mind wandering; Author-Supplied Keyword: procedural; Author-Supplied Keyword: retention; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0018720814535628
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denney, Ewen
AU  - Pai, Ganesh
T1  - Automating the Assembly of Aviation Safety Cases.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
PY  - 2014/12//
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 63
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 830
EP  - 849
SN  - 00189529
AB  - Safety cases are among the state of the art in safety management mechanisms, providing an explicit way to reason about system and software safety. The intent is to provide convincing, valid, comprehensive assurance that a system is acceptably safe for a given application in a defined operating environment, by creating an argument structure that links claims about safety to a body of evidence. However, their construction is a largely manual, and therefore a time consuming, error prone, and expensive process. We present a methodology for automatically assembling safety cases which are auto-generated from the application of a formal method to software, with manually created safety cases derived from system safety analysis. Our approach emphasizes the heterogeneity of safety-relevant information, and we show how diverse content can be integrated into a single argument structure. To illustrate our methodology, we have applied it to the Swift Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) being developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. We present an end-to-end fragment of the resulting interim safety case comprising an aircraft-level argument manually constructed from the safety analysis of the Swift UAS, which is automatically assembled with an auto-generated lower-level argument produced from a formal proof of correctness of the safety-relevant properties of the software autopilot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AUTONOMOUS vehicles
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - COMPUTER software -- Safety measures
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 100027980; Source Information: Dec2014, Vol. 63 Issue 4, p830; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AUTONOMOUS vehicles; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER software -- Safety measures; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 20p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2014.2335995
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saha, Ranajay
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
AU  - Chen, Irene
T1  - Molecular Crowding and Early Evolution.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 319
EP  - 324
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01696149
AB  - The environment of protocells might have been crowded with small molecules and functional and non-specific polymers. In addition to altering conformational equilibria, affecting reaction rates and changing the structure and activity of water, crowding might have enhanced the capabilities of protocells for evolutionary innovation through the creation of extended neutral networks in the fitness landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Evolution (Biology)
KW  - Biomolecules
KW  - Small molecules
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Vesicles (Cytology)
KW  - Crowding
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Evolutionary optimization
KW  - Excluded volume effect
KW  - Fitness landscape
KW  - Neutral network
KW  - Protocell
KW  - RNA
KW  - Vesicle
N1  - Accession Number: 102103814; Saha, Ranajay 1; Pohorille, Andrew 2; Chen, Irene; Email Address: chen@chem.ucsb.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara USA; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p319; Thesaurus Term: Evolution (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Biomolecules; Subject Term: Small molecules; Subject Term: Polymers; Subject Term: Vesicles (Cytology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Crowding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolutionary optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Excluded volume effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fitness landscape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutral network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protocell; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vesicle; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-014-9392-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rickman, Doug
T1  - Advances in Mapping from Remote Sensor Imagery: Techniques and Applications.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 80
IS  - 12
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 1103
EP  - 1105
SN  - 00991112
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Li, Jonathan
KW  - Xiaojun Yang
KW  - Advances in Mapping From Remote Sensor Imagery: Techniques & Applications (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 99889786; Rickman, Doug 1; Affiliations: 1: Applied Science Team Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 80 Issue 12, p1103; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Advances in Mapping From Remote Sensor Imagery: Techniques & Applications (Book); People: Li, Jonathan; People: Xiaojun Yang; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - HERTZ, PAUL1
T1  - The Present and Future of Space Science at NASA.
JO  - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
JF  - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
J1  - Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
PY  - 2014/12//
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 158
IS  - 4
CP  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 353
SN  - 0003049X
AB  - The article offers an overview of the robotic science program of the U.S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) in Earth and space science. Topics covered include the strategic goals that guide the agency's science program, the four general disciplines in science that the program is divided into and the fleet of Earth-observing satellites that NASA has, including those dedicated to heliophysics, planetary science and astrophysics.
KW  - Government programs
KW  - Robotics
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Space sciences -- United States
KW  - Scientific satellites
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 110452552; Authors: HERTZ, PAUL 1; Affiliations:  1: Chief Scientist, NASA Science Mission Directorate; Subject: Government programs; Subject: Robotics; Subject: Earth sciences; Subject: Space sciences -- United States; Subject: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject: Scientific satellites; Number of Pages: 25p; Record Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - asu
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loughman, R.
AU  - Flittner, D.
AU  - Nyaku, E.
AU  - Bhartia, P. K.
T1  - Gauss-Seidel Limb Scattering (GSLS) radiative transfer model development in support of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler mission.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2014/12/02/
VL  - 14
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 19315
EP  - 19356
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The Gauss-Seidel Limb Scattering (GSLS) radiative transfer (RT) model simulates the transfer of solar radiation through the atmosphere, and is imbedded in the retrieval algorithm used to process data from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler (LP), which was launched on the Suomi NPP satellite in October 2011. A previous version of this model has been compared with several other limb scattering RT models in previous studies, including Siro, MCC++, CDIPI, LIMBTRAN, SASKTRAN, VECTOR, and McSCIA. To address deficiencies in the GSLS radiance calculations revealed in earlier comparisons, several recent changes have been added that improve the accuracy and flexibility of the GSLS model, including: 1. Improved treatment of the variation of the extinction coefficient with altitude, both within atmospheric layers and above the nominal top of the atmosphere (TOA). 2. Addition of multiple scattering source function calculations at multiple zeniths along the line of sight (LOS). 3. Re-introduction of the ability to simulate vector (polarized) radiances. 4. Introduction of variable surface properties along the limb LOS, with minimal effort required to add variable atmospheric properties along the LOS as well. 5. Addition of the ability to model multiple aerosol types within the model atmosphere. The model improvements numbered 1-3 above are verified by comparison to previously published results (using standard radiance tables whenever possible), demonstrating significant improvement in cases for which previous versions of the GSLS model performed poorly. The single-scattered radiance errors that were as high as 4% in earlier studies are now generally reduced to < 0.5%, while total radiance errors generally decline from > 10% to 1-2 %. In all cases, the height dependence of the GSLS radiance error is greatly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Atmospheric layers
KW  - Natural satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 97337803; Loughman, R. 1; Email Address: robert.loughman@hamptonu.edu; Flittner, D. 2; Nyaku, E. 1; Bhartia, P. K. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 13, p19315; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Atmospheric layers; Subject Term: Natural satellites; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-19315-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, C.
AU  - Yang, P.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Loeb, N.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Heymsfield, A.
AU  - Schmitt, C.
T1  - A two-habit model for the microphysical and optical properties of ice clouds.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2014/12/02/
VL  - 14
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 19545
EP  - 19586
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - To provide a better representation of natural ice clouds, a novel ice cloud model containing two particle habits is developed. The microphysical and optical properties of the two-habit model (THM) are compared with both laboratory and in situ measurements, and its performance in downstream satellite remote sensing applications is tested. The THM assumes an ice cloud to be an ensemble of hexagonal columns and twenty-element aggregates, and to have specific habit fractions at each particle size. The ice water contents and median mass diameters calculated based on the THM closely agree with in situ measurements made during 11 field campaigns. In this study, the scattering, absorption, and polarization properties of ice crystals are calculated with a combination of the invariant imbedding T-matrix, pseudo-spectral time domain, and improved geometric-optics methods over an entire range of particle sizes. The phase functions, calculated based on the THM, show excellent agreement with counterparts from laboratory and in situ measurements and from satellite retrievals. For downstream applications in the retrieval of cloud microphysical and optical properties from MODIS observations, the THM presents excellent spectral consistency; specifically, the retrieved cloud optical thicknesses based on the visible/near infrared bands and the thermal infrared bands agree quite well. Furthermore, a comparison between the polarized reflectivities observed by the PARASOL satellite and from theoretical simulations illustrates that the THM can be used to represent ice cloud polarization properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Particle size determination
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Natural satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 97337809; Liu, C. 1; Yang, P. 1; Email Address: pyang@tamu.edu; Minnis, P. 2; Loeb, N. 2; Kato, S. 2; Heymsfield, A. 3; Schmitt, C. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 13, p19545; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Particle size determination; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: Optical polarization; Subject Term: Natural satellites; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-19545-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
T1  - Viscous liquid flow on Martian dune slopes.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/12/02/Dec2014 Part B
VL  - 104
M3  - Article
SP  - 318
EP  - 319
SN  - 00320633
AB  - The observed temporary dark streaks on some dune slopes on Mars may be due to thin sheets of water (or some other liquid) trickling downhill. This note corrects conceptual errors in a previous paper (Möhlmann and Kereszturi, 2010, Icarus 207 , 654–658) which affect the velocity profile of such flows, and produce over-estimates of their depths and mass fluxes by factors of almost two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Viscous flow
KW  - Trickling filters
KW  - Estimation theory
KW  - Flux (Energy)
KW  - Mars
KW  - Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 99829715; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: SETI Institute, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Issue Info: Dec2014 Part B, Vol. 104, p318; Thesaurus Term: Flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Viscous flow; Subject Term: Trickling filters; Subject Term: Estimation theory; Subject Term: Flux (Energy); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2014.09.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Winker, D.
AU  - Omar, A.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - Kar, J.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Schuster, G.
T1  - Evaluation of CALIOP 532 nm AOD over opaque water clouds.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2014/12/05/
VL  - 14
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 23583
EP  - 23637
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - With its height-resolved measurements and near global coverage, the CALIOP lidar onboard the CALIPSO satellite offers a new capability for aerosol retrievals in cloudy skies. Validation of these retrievals is difficult, however, as independent, collocated and co-temporal datasets are generally not available. In this paper, we evaluate CALIOP aerosol products above opaque water clouds by applying multiple retrieval techniques to CALIOP Level 1 profile data and comparing the results. This approach allows us to both characterize the accuracy of the CALIOP above-cloud aerosol optical depth (AOD) and develop an error budget that quantifies the relative contributions of different error sources. We focus on two geographical regions: the African dust transport pathway over the tropical North Atlantic and the African smoke transport pathway over the southeastern Atlantic. Six years of CALIOP observations (2007-2012) from the Northern Hemisphere summer and early fall are analyzed. The analysis is limited to cases where aerosol layers are located above opaque water clouds so that a constrained retrieval technique can be used to directly retrieve 532 nm aerosol optical depth and lidar ratio. For the moderately dense Sahara dust layers detected in the CALIOP data used in this study, the mean/median value of the lidar ratios derived from a constrained opaque water cloud (OWC) technique is 45.1/44.4 ± 8.8 sr, which is somewhat larger than the value of 40 ± 20 sr used in the CALIOP level 2 (L2) data products. Comparisons of CALIOP L2 AOD with the OWC-retrieved AOD reveal that for nighttime conditions the L2 AOD in the dust region is underestimated on average by ~ 26% (0.184 vs. 0.248). Examination of the error sources indicates that errors in the L2 dust AOD are primarily due to use of a lidar ratio which is somewhat too small and to misestimates of dust layer base heights. The mean/median lidar ratio retrieved for smoke is 69.4/70.4 ± 16.2sr, which is consistent with the modeled value of 70 ± 28 sr used in the CALIOP L2 retrieval. Smoke AOD is found to be underestimated, on average, by ~ 39% (0.191 vs. 0.311). The primary cause of AOD differences in the smoke transport region is the tendency of the CALIOP layer detection scheme to prematurely assign layer base altitudes and thus underestimate the geometric thickness of smoke layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Error analysis (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 98495653; Liu, Z. 1,2; Email Address: zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov; Winker, D. 2; Omar, A. 2; Vaughan, M. 2; Kar, J. 1,2; Trepte, C. 2; Hu, Y. 2; Schuster, G. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 16, p23583; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Error analysis (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 55p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-23583-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fytterer, T.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Nieder, H.
AU  - Pérot, K.
AU  - Sinnhuber, M.
AU  - Stiller, G.
AU  - Urban, J.
T1  - Energetic particle induced inter-annual variability of ozone inside the Antarctic polar vortex observed in satellite data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2014/12/11/
VL  - 14
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 31249
EP  - 31279
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Measurements from 2002-2011 by three independent satellite instruments, namely MI-PAS, SABER, and SMR on board the ENVISAT, TIMED, and Odin satellites are used to investigate the inter-annual variability of stratospheric and mesospheric O3 volume mixing ratio (vmr) inside the Antarctic polar vortex due to solar and geomagnetic activity. In this study, we individually analysed the relative O3 vmr variations between maximum and minimum conditions of a number of solar and geomagnetic indices (F10.7 cm solar radio flux, Ap index, ≥ 2MeV electron flux). The indices are 26 day averages centred at 1 April, 1 May, and 1 June while O3 is based on 26 day running means from 1 April-1 November at altitudes from 20-70 km. During solar quiet time from 2005-2010, the composite of all three instruments reveals an apparent negative O3 feedback associated to the geomagnetic activity (Ap index) around 1 April, on average reaching amplitudes between -5 and -10% of the respective O3 background. The O3 response exceeds the significance level of 95% and propagates downwards throughout the polar winter from the stratopause down to ~ 25 km. These observed results are in good qualitative agreement with the O3 vmr pattern simulated with a three-dimensional chemistry-transport model, which includes particle impact ionisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Atmospheric ionization
KW  - Geomagnetism
KW  - Solar energetic particles
KW  - Polar vortex
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - Antarctica
N1  - Accession Number: 100016958; Fytterer, T. 1; Email Address: tilo.fytterer@kit.edu; Mlynczak, M. G. 2; Nieder, H. 1; Pérot, K. 3; Sinnhuber, M. 1; Stiller, G. 1; Urban, J.; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; 2: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 22, p31249; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ionization; Thesaurus Term: Geomagnetism; Subject Term: Solar energetic particles; Subject Term: Polar vortex; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Subject: Antarctica; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-31249-2014
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Matthew S.
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
AU  - Tadić, Jovan M.
AU  - Wecht, Kevin J.
AU  - Jeong, Seongeun
AU  - Fischer, Marc L.
T1  - Analyzing source apportioned methane in northern California during Discover-AQ-CA using airborne measurements and model simulations.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/12/11/
VL  - 99
M3  - Article
SP  - 248
EP  - 256
SN  - 13522310
AB  - This study analyzes source apportioned methane (CH 4 ) emissions and atmospheric mixing ratios in northern California during the Discover-AQ-CA field campaign using airborne measurement data and model simulations. Source apportioned CH 4 emissions from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) version 4.2 were applied in the 3-D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and analyzed using airborne measurements taken as part of the Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment over the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) and northern San Joaquin Valley (SJV). During the time period of the Discover-AQ-CA field campaign EDGAR inventory CH 4 emissions were ∼5.30 Gg day −1 (Gg = 1.0 × 10 9 g) (equating to ∼1.90 × 10 3 Gg yr −1 ) for all of California. According to EDGAR, the SFBA and northern SJV region contributes ∼30% of total CH 4 emissions from California. Source apportionment analysis during this study shows that CH 4 mixing ratios over this area of northern California are largely influenced by global emissions from wetlands and local/global emissions from gas and oil production and distribution, waste treatment processes, and livestock management. Model simulations, using EDGAR emissions, suggest that the model under-estimates CH 4 mixing ratios in northern California (average normalized mean bias (NMB) = −5.2% and linear regression slope = 0.20). The largest negative biases in the model were calculated on days when large amounts of CH 4 were measured over local emission sources and atmospheric CH 4 mixing ratios reached values >2.5 parts per million. Sensitivity emission studies conducted during this research suggest that local emissions of CH 4 from livestock management processes are likely the primary source of the negative model bias. These results indicate that a variety, and larger quantity, of measurement data needs to be obtained and additional research is necessary to better quantify source apportioned CH 4 emissions in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Air pollution -- Measurement
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Mixing ratio (Atmospheric chemistry)
KW  - California
KW  - Emission inventory
KW  - Livestock emissions
KW  - Source apportionment
N1  - Accession Number: 99228078; Johnson, Matthew S. 1; Email Address: matthew.s.johnson@nasa.gov; Yates, Emma L. 1; Iraci, Laura T. 1; Loewenstein, Max 1; Tadić, Jovan M. 1,2; Wecht, Kevin J. 3; Jeong, Seongeun 4; Fischer, Marc L. 4; Affiliations: 1: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 4: Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 99, p248; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Mixing ratio (Atmospheric chemistry); Subject: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Livestock emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Source apportionment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.068
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Liu, H.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Chan, C.
AU  - Considine, D. B.
AU  - Zhang, Y.
AU  - Zheng, X.
AU  - Zhao, C.
AU  - Thouret, V.
AU  - Oltmans, S. J.
AU  - Liu, S. C.
AU  - Jones, D. B. A.
AU  - Steenrod, S. D.
AU  - Damon, M. R.
T1  - Origin of springtime ozone enhancements in the lower troposphere over Beijing: in situ measurements and model analysis.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2014/12/12/
VL  - 14
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 32583
EP  - 32627
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Ozone (O3) concentrations in the lower troposphere (LT) over Beijing have significantly increased over the past two decades as a result of rapid industrialization in China, with important implications for regional air quality and photochemistry of the background troposphere. We characterize the vertical distribution of lower-tropospheric (0-6 km) O3 over Beijing using observations from 16 ozonesonde soundings made during a field campaign in April-May 2005 and MOZAIC (Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft) aircraft measurements over 13 days in the same period. We focus on the origin of LT O3 enhancements observed over Beijing, particularly in May. We use a global 3-D chemistry and transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM) driven by assimilated meteorological fields to examine the transport pathways for O3 pollution, and quantify the sources contributing to O3 and its enhancements in the springtime LT over Beijing. Output from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) CTM is also used. High O3 concentrations (up to 94.7 ppbv) were frequently observed at the altitude of ~1.5-2km. The CTMs captured the timing of the occurrences but significantly underestimated their magnitude. GEOS-Chem simulations and a case study showed that O3 produced in the Asian troposphere (especially from Asian anthropogenic pollution) made major contributions to the observed O3 enhancements. Contributions from anthropogenic pollution in the European and North American troposphere were reduced during these events, in contrast with days without O3 enhancements, when contributions from Europe and North America were substantial. The O3 enhancements typically occurred under southerly wind and warmer conditions. It is suggested that an earlier onset of the Asian summer monsoon would cause more O3 enhancement events in the lower troposphere over the North China Plain in late spring and early summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Spring
N1  - Accession Number: 100305050; Huang, J. 1,2; Liu, H. 1; Crawford, J. H. 3; Chan, C. 4; Considine, D. B. 3,5; Zhang, Y. 6; Zheng, X. 7; Zhao, C. 8; Thouret, V. 9; Oltmans, S. J. 10,11; Liu, S. C. 12; Jones, D. B. A. 13; Steenrod, S. D. 14,15; Damon, M. R. 15,16; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; 5: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA; 6: South China Institute of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; 7: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China; 8: Peking University, Beijing, China; 9: Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UMR5560, Toulouse, France; 10: CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO, USA; 12: Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; 13: University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 14: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 15: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 16: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2014, Vol. 14 Issue 23, p32583; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Spring; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-14-32583-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bundschuh, Jochen
AU  - Yusaf, Talal
AU  - Maity, Jyoti Prakash
AU  - Nelson, Emily
AU  - Mamat, Rizalman
AU  - Indra Mahlia, T.M.
T1  - Algae-biomass for fuel, electricity and agriculture.
JO  - Energy
JF  - Energy
Y1  - 2014/12/15/
VL  - 78
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
SN  - 03605442
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Fossil fuels
KW  - Renewable energy sources
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Cost & standard of living
N1  - Accession Number: 99898186; Bundschuh, Jochen 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: jochen.bundschuh@usq.edu.au; Yusaf, Talal 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: talal.yusaf@usq.edu.au; Maity, Jyoti Prakash 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: jpmaity@gmail.com; Nelson, Emily 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: emily.s.nelson@nasa.gov; Mamat, Rizalman 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: rizalman@ump.edu.my; Indra Mahlia, T.M. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: indra@uniten.edu.my; Affiliations: 1: Faculty of Health, Engineering and Surveying and NCEA, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia; 2: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; 3: Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; 4: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan; 5: Bio Science and Technology Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 6: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia; 7: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia; Issue Info: Dec2014, Vol. 78, p1; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Fossil fuels; Thesaurus Term: Renewable energy sources; Subject Term: Economic development; Subject Term: Cost & standard of living; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shin, D.
AU  - Müller, D.
AU  - Lee, K.
AU  - Shin, S.
AU  - Kim, Y. J.
AU  - Song, C. K.
AU  - Noh, Y. M.
T1  - Lidar observations of Nabro volcano aerosol layers in the stratosphere over Gwangju, Korea.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1171
EP  - 1191
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We report on the first Raman lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosol layers in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere over Korea. The data were taken with the multiwavelength aerosol Raman lidar at Gwangju (35.10° N, 126.53° E), Korea. The volcanic ash particles and gases were released around 12 June 2011 during the eruption of the Nabro volcano (13.37° N, 41.7° E) in Eritrea, east Africa. Forward trajectory computations show that the volcanic aerosols were advected from North Africa to East Asia. The first observation of the stratospheric aerosol layers over Korea was on 19 June 2011. The stratospheric aerosol layers appeared between 15 and 17 km height a.s.l. The aerosol layers' maximum value of the backscatter coefficient and the linear particle depolarization ratio at 532 nm were 1.5 ± 0.3 Mm-1sr-1 and 2.2%, respectively. We found these values at 16.4 km height a.s.l. 44 days after this first observation, we observed the stratospheric aerosol layer again. We continuously probed the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere for this aerosol layer during the following 5 months, until December 2011. The aerosol layers typically occurred between 10 and 20 km height a.s.l. The stratospheric aerosol optical depth and the maximum backscatter coefficient at 532 nm decreased during these 5 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratovolcanoes
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Kwangju-si (Korea)
N1  - Accession Number: 100649975; Shin, D. 1; Müller, D. 2,3,4; Lee, K. 5; Shin, S. 2; Kim, Y. J. 2; Song, C. K. 1; Noh, Y. M. 2; Email Address: nym@gist.ac.kr; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Environmental Research, Kyungseo-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon 404-708, South Korea; 2: School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Korea; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; 5: Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, South Korea; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1171; Thesaurus Term: Stratovolcanoes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject: Kwangju-si (Korea); Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-1171-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ickowitz, Amy
AU  - Slayback, Daniel
AU  - Asanzi, Philippe
AU  - Nasi, Robert
T1  - Introduction.
JO  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
JF  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
Y1  - 2015/01//
IS  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
PB  - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
SN  - 08549818
AB  - This article discusses a report which examines the current state of the forest in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), as of January 2015, and the risks for its future.
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 111875835; Ickowitz, Amy 1; Slayback, Daniel 2,3; Asanzi, Philippe; Nasi, Robert 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); 2: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated (SSAI); 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Issue Info: 2015, Issue 119, p1; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Subject Term: Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ickowitz, Amy
AU  - Slayback, Daniel
AU  - Asanzi, Philippe
AU  - Nasi, Robert
T1  - Estimating deforestation rates.
JO  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
JF  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
Y1  - 2015/01//
IS  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 9
PB  - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
SN  - 08549818
AB  - This article discusses several studies completed between 2008 and 2014 that attempt to estimate the overall rate of deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including Duveiller et al (2008), Mayaux et al. (2013), and Hansen et al. (2010).
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 111875836; Ickowitz, Amy 1; Slayback, Daniel 2,3; Asanzi, Philippe; Nasi, Robert 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); 2: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated (SSAI); 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Issue Info: 2015, Issue 119, p2; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Subject Term: Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ickowitz, Amy
AU  - Slayback, Daniel
AU  - Asanzi, Philippe
AU  - Nasi, Robert
T1  - Acknowledgments.
JO  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
JF  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
Y1  - 2015/01//
IS  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - v
EP  - v
PB  - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
SN  - 08549818
AB  - This article offers the authors' acknowledgments for the support provided by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Biodiversity Fund for their work concerning deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - United States. Agency for International Development
N1  - Accession Number: 111875834; Ickowitz, Amy 1; Slayback, Daniel 2,3; Asanzi, Philippe; Nasi, Robert 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); 2: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated (SSAI); 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Issue Info: 2015, Issue 119, pv; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Thesaurus Term: Biodiversity ; Company/Entity: United States. Agency for International Development; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ickowitz, Amy
AU  - Slayback, Daniel
AU  - Asanzi, Philippe
AU  - Nasi, Robert
T1  - Literature review.
JO  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
JF  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
Y1  - 2015/01//
IS  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 14
PB  - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
SN  - 08549818
AB  - This article discusses several papers related to agriculture and deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) authored by, among others, Akkermans et al. (2013), Bamba et al. (2010), and Kissinger (2011).
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 111875837; Ickowitz, Amy 1; Slayback, Daniel 2,3; Asanzi, Philippe; Nasi, Robert 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); 2: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated (SSAI); 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Issue Info: 2015, Issue 119, p10; Thesaurus Term: Agriculture; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Subject Term: Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ickowitz, Amy
AU  - Slayback, Daniel
AU  - Asanzi, Philippe
AU  - Nasi, Robert
T1  - Conclusions.
JO  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
JF  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
Y1  - 2015/01//
IS  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 15
PB  - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
SN  - 08549818
AB  - This article discusses the conclusions of a report which looked into deforestation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 111875838; Ickowitz, Amy 1; Slayback, Daniel 2,3; Asanzi, Philippe; Nasi, Robert 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); 2: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated (SSAI); 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Issue Info: 2015, Issue 119, p15; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Subject Term: Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Ickowitz, Amy
AU  - Slayback, Daniel
AU  - Asanzi, Philippe
AU  - Nasi, Robert
T1  - References.
JO  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
JF  - CIFOR Occasional Paper
Y1  - 2015/01//
IS  - 119
M3  - Bibliography
SP  - 16
EP  - 18
PB  - Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR)
SN  - 08549818
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 111875839; Ickowitz, Amy 1; Slayback, Daniel 2,3; Asanzi, Philippe; Nasi, Robert 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); 2: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated (SSAI); 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Issue Info: 2015, Issue 119, p16; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Subject Term: Congo (Democratic Republic) -- Environmental conditions; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Bibliography
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Michael C.
AU  - T'ien, James S.
AU  - Muff, Derek E.
AU  - Zhao, Xiaoyang
AU  - Olson, Sandra L.
AU  - Ferkul, Paul V.
T1  - Self induced buoyant blow off in upward flame spread on thin solid fuels.
JO  - Fire Safety Journal
JF  - Fire Safety Journal
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 71
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 286
SN  - 03797112
AB  - Upward flame spread experiments were conducted on long thin composite fabric fuels made of 75% cotton and 25% fiberglass of various widths between 2 and 8.8 cm and lengths greater than 1.5 m. Symmetric ignition at the bottom edge of the fuel resulted in two sided upward flame growth initially. As flame grew to a critical length (15–30 cm depending on sample width) fluctuation or instability of the flame base was observed. For samples 5 cm or less in width, this instability lead to flame blow off on one side of the sample (can be either side in repeated tests). The remaining flame on the other side would quickly shrink in length and spread all the way to the end of the sample with a constant limiting length and steady spread rate. Flame blow off from the increased buoyancy induced air velocity (at the flame base) with increasing flame length is proposed as the mechanism for this interesting phenomenon. Experimental details and the proposed explanation, including sample width effect, are offered in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Flame spread
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Solid fuel reactors
KW  - Symmetry (Physics)
KW  - Glass fibers
KW  - Fluctuations (Physics)
KW  - Buoyant blow off
KW  - Material flammability limits
KW  - One-sided extinction
KW  - SIBAL fuel
KW  - Upward burning limit
N1  - Accession Number: 108296359; Johnston, Michael C. 1; Email Address: michael.c.johnston@case.edu; T'ien, James S. 1; Muff, Derek E. 1; Zhao, Xiaoyang 1; Olson, Sandra L. 2; Ferkul, Paul V. 3; Affiliations: 1: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Jan2015, Vol. 71, p279; Subject Term: Flame spread; Subject Term: Thin films; Subject Term: Solid fuel reactors; Subject Term: Symmetry (Physics); Subject Term: Glass fibers; Subject Term: Fluctuations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Buoyant blow off; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material flammability limits; Author-Supplied Keyword: One-sided extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: SIBAL fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upward burning limit; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326193 Motor vehicle plastic parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327993 Mineral Wool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.11.007
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Janakiraman, Vijay Manikandan
AU  - Nguyen, XuanLong
AU  - Sterniak, Jeff
AU  - Assanis, Dennis
T1  - Identification of the Dynamic Operating Envelope of HCCI Engines Using Class Imbalance Learning.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks & Learning Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks & Learning Systems
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks & Learning Systems
PY  - 2015/01//
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 112
SN  - 2162237X
AB  - Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a futuristic automotive engine technology that can significantly improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. HCCI engine operation is constrained by combustion instabilities, such as knock, ringing, misfires, high-variability combustion, and so on, and it becomes important to identify the operating envelope defined by these constraints for use in engine diagnostics and controller design. HCCI combustion is dominated by complex nonlinear dynamics, and a first-principle-based dynamic modeling of the operating envelope becomes intractable. In this paper, a machine learning approach is presented to identify the stable operating envelope of HCCI combustion, by learning directly from the experimental data. Stability is defined using thresholds on combustion features obtained from engine in-cylinder pressure measurements. This paper considers instabilities arising from engine misfire and high-variability combustion. A gasoline HCCI engine is used for generating stable and unstable data observations. Owing to an imbalance in class proportions in the data set, the models are developed both based on resampling the data set (by undersampling and oversampling) and based on a cost-sensitive learning method (by overweighting the minority class relative to the majority class observations). Support vector machines (SVMs) and recently developed extreme learning machines (ELM) are utilized for developing dynamic classifiers. The results compared against linear classification methods show that cost-sensitive nonlinear ELM and SVM classification algorithms are well suited for the problem. However, the SVM envelope model requires about 80% more parameters for an accuracy improvement of 3% compared with the ELM envelope model indicating that ELM models may be computationally suitable for the engine application. The proposed modeling approach shows that HCCI engine misfires and high-variability combustion can be predicted ahead of time, given the present values of available sensor measurements, making the models suitable for engine diagnostics and control applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks & Learning Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMOBILE engines -- Computer control systems
KW  - SUPPORT vector machines
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - DIESEL motors
KW  - MOTOR vehicles -- Pollution control devices
N1  - Accession Number: 100055393; Source Information: Jan2015, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p98; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE engines -- Computer control systems; Subject Term: SUPPORT vector machines; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: DIESEL motors; Subject Term: MOTOR vehicles -- Pollution control devices; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TNNLS.2014.2311466
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=100055393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grauer, Jared A.
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
T1  - Generic Global Aerodynamic Model for Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 20
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Multivariate-orthogonal-function modeling was applied to wind-tunnel databases for eight different aircraft to identify a generic global aerodynamic model structure that could be used for any of the aircraft. For each aircraft database and each nondimensional aerodynamic coefficient, global models were identified from multivariate polynomials in the nondimensional states and controls, using an orthogonalization procedure. A predicted-square-error criterion was used to automatically select the model terms. Modeling terms selected in at least half of the analyses, which totaled 45 terms, were retained to form the generic global aerodynamic model structure. Least squares was used to estimate the model parameters and associated uncertainty that best fit the generic global aerodynamic model structure to each database. The result was a single generic aerodynamic model structure that could be used to accurately characterize the global aerodynamics for any of the eight aircraft, simply by changing the values of the model parameters. Nonlinear flight simulations were used to demonstrate that the generic global aerodynamic model accurately reproduces trim solutions, local dynamic behavior, and global dynamic behavior under large-amplitude excitation. This compact global aerodynamic model can decrease flight-computer memory requirements for implementing onboard fault detection or flight control systems, enable quick changes for conceptual aircraft models, and provide smooth analytical functional representations of the global aerodynamics for control and optimization applications. All information required to construct global aerodynamic models for nonlinear simulations of the eight aircraft is provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Research
KW  - AIR speed -- Research
KW  - AILERONS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 101324689; Source Information: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p13; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Research; Subject Term: AIR speed -- Research; Subject Term: AILERONS -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032888
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=101324689&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wei Liao
AU  - Malik, Mujeeb R.
AU  - Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Buning, Pieter G.
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
T1  - Boundary-Layer Stability Analysis of the Mean Flows Obtained Using Unstructured Grids.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 63
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Boundary-layer stability analyses of mean flows extracted from unstructured-grid Navier-Stokes solutions have been performed. A procedure has been developed to extract mean flow profiles from the FUN3D unstructured-grid solutions for the purpose of stability analysis. Extensive code-to-code validations were performed by comparing the extracted mean flows as well as the corresponding stability characteristics to the predictions based on structured-grid mean flow solutions. Comparisons were made for a set of progressively complex geometric configurations ranging from a simple flat plate to a full aircraft configuration: a modified Gulfstream III with a natural laminar-flow glove. The results for the swept wing flow over the wing-glove assembly point to the need for stability analysis based on Navier-Stokes solutions or possibly fully three-dimensional boundary-layer codes when the underlying flow develops strong three-dimensionality. The effect of grid resolution, mean flow convergence, and low-order interpolation to a stability grid on metrics relevant to linear stability of the boundary-layer flow are also examined to provide guidelines for the use of both structured and unstructured grids in practical applications related to transition prediction for swept wing boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - AEROFOILS -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 101324693; Source Information: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p49; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: AEROFOILS -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032583
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=101324693&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Acosta, Diana M.
AU  - Yildiz, Yildiray
AU  - Craun, Robert W.
AU  - Beard, Steven D.
AU  - Leonard, Michael W.
AU  - Hardy, Gordon H.
AU  - Weinstein, Michael
T1  - Piloted Evaluation of a Control Allocation Technique to Recover from Pilot-Induced Oscillations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 130
EP  - 140
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes the maturation of a control allocation technique designed to assist pilots in recovery from pilot-induced oscillations. The control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations is designed to enable next-generation high-efficiency aircraft designs. Energy-efficient next-generation aircraft require feedback control strategies that will enable lowering the actuator rate limit requirements for optimal airframe design. A common issue on aircraft with actuator rate limitations is they are susceptible to pilot-induced oscillations caused by the phase lag between the pilot inputs and control surface response. The control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations uses real-time optimization for control allocation to eliminate phase lag in the system caused by control surface rate limiting. System impacts of the control allocator were assessed through a piloted simulation evaluation of a nonlinear aircraft model in the NASA Ames Research Center's Vertical Motion Simulator. Results indicate that the control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations helps reduce oscillatory behavior introduced by control surface rate limiting, including the pilot-induced oscillation tendencies reported by pilots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research
KW  - OSCILLATIONS -- Research
KW  - ACTUATORS -- Research
KW  - AIRFRAMES -- Research
KW  - VERTICAL motion -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 101324699; Source Information: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p130; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS -- Research; Subject Term: ACTUATORS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES -- Research; Subject Term: VERTICAL motion -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032576
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=101324699&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Prediction of Maximum Lift Capability of Helicopter Rotors.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 265
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Maximum rotor lift capability is investigated using wind-tunnel test data of McHugh (modified 1/10-scale CH-47B rotor) and a full-scale UH-60A rotor. Rotor performance calculations with the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD n are compared with the wind-tunnel test data. The analysis of the McHugh rotor with the Reynolds-number-corrected airfoil table shows good correlation with the measurements for µ = 0.1 to 0.5 and is able to predict the maximum rotor lift reasonably well, especially at 0.2 ≤ µ 0.4. The analysis is also able to predict the maximum lift of the full-scale UH-60A rotor within about 3.5% at µ = 0.24 and 0.3. Calculations with dynamic stall models, in general, show only a small influence on the rotor performance and are not necessary to predict maximum lift. Airfoils have an important role in defining the maximum lift capability of the rotor. The VR-12 airfoil, which has stall characteristics superior to the baseline V23010 airfoil, substantially improves the maximum lift capability of the McHugh rotor, showing the potential to improve the behavior of a rotor by improving the airfoil's static stall characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Research
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Research
KW  - REYNOLDS number -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 101324710; Source Information: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p257; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Research; Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Research; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032693
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=101324710&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Clifford A.
AU  - Clem, Michelle M.
AU  - Fagan, Amy F.
T1  - Investigation of Broadband Shock Noise from a Jet Near a Planar Surface.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 266
EP  - 273
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Many current and future aircraft designs rely on the wing or other aircraft surfaces to shield observers on the ground from the engine noise. However, the available data showing how surfaces interact with a jet to shield and/or enhance the jet noise are currently limited. Therefore, far-field noise data and background-oriented schlieren images were acquired for a round jet, operating in the overexpanded, ideally expanded, and underexpanded supersonic flow regimes, near a planar surface to investigate how airframe surfaces might affect the shock-cell structure in the jet plume and the broadband shock noise produced. These data show that broadband shock noise is produced by the relatively weak shocks far downstream of the nozzle exit; consequently, a surface will be effective at reducing broadband shock noise only if it is long enough to shield the noise produced by shocks. Furthermore, the presence of a surface very near the edge of an underexpanded jet increases the shock-cell spacing, pushing the shock cells farther downstream. Conversely, the surface has a minimal affect on the shock cells in an overexpanded jet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research
KW  - AEROFOILS -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - AIRFRAMES -- Research
KW  - JET planes -- Noise -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 101324711; Source Information: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p266; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research; Subject Term: AEROFOILS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES -- Research; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032695
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=101324711&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
AU  - Toro, Kenneth G.
AU  - Landman, Drew
T1  - Development of the In Situ Load System for Internal Wind-Tunnel Balances.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 295
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Facility Analysis Verification and Operational Reliability project revealed a critical gap in capability in ground-based aeronautics-research applications. Without a standardized process for check loading the wind-tunnel balance or the model system, the quality of the aerodynamic force data collected varied significantly between facilities. The In Situ Load System was developed to provide a standard for facilities in the check-loading process. The system includes both the hardware and a statistically rigorous process that facilitates the ability for the user to make defendable decisions on the performance of the system. The compactness and simplicity of the system reduce customer costs unrelated to achieving the research objectives, while simultaneously improving the knowledge about the accuracy of the test data collected. While the focus is on the check-load process, the hardware and methods are also applicable to the in situ calibration of a balance or wind-tunnel model system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - CALIBRATION -- Research
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics) -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 101324713; Source Information: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p287; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: CALIBRATION -- Research; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics) -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032691
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=101324713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of an artificial gravity countermeasure on orthostatic tolerance, blood volumes and aerobic power after short-term bed rest (BR-AG1).
AU  - Linnarsson, Dag
AU  - Hughson, Richard L.
AU  - Fraser, Katelyn S.
AU  - Clément, Gilles
AU  - Karlsson, Lars L.
AU  - Mulder, Edwin
AU  - Paloski, William H.
AU  - Rittweger, Jörn
AU  - Wuyts, Floris L.
AU  - Zange, Jochen
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2015/01//1/1/2015
VL  - 118
IS  - 1
SP  - 29
EP  - 35
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 100276766; Author: Linnarsson, Dag: 1 email: dag.linnarsson@ki.se. Author: Hughson, Richard L.: 2 Author: Fraser, Katelyn S.: 2 Author: Clément, Gilles: 3 Author: Karlsson, Lars L.: 1 Author: Mulder, Edwin: 4 Author: Paloski, William H.: 5,6 Author: Rittweger, Jörn: 4,7 Author: Wuyts, Floris L.: 8 Author: Zange, Jochen: 4 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden: 2 Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada: 3 International Space University, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France: 4 Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center, Cologne, Germany: 5 Neuroscience Research Laboratories, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas: 6 Center for Neuromotor and Biomechanics Research, University of Houston, Houston, Texas: 7 Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom: 8 Department of Otolaryngology, Antwerp University Research Center for Equilibrium and Aerospace, Antwerp, Belgium; No. of Pages: 7; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20150108
N2  - Exposure to artificial gravity (AG) in a short-arm centrifuge has potential benefits for maintaining human performance during long-term space missions. Eleven subjects were investigated during three campaigns of 5 days head-down bed rest: 1) bed rest without countermeasures (control), 2) bed rest and 30 min of AG (AG1) daily, and 3) bed rest and six periods of 5 min AG (AG2) daily. During centrifugation, the supine subjects were exposed to AG in the head-to-feet direction with 1 G at the center of mass. Subjects participated in the three campaigns in random order. The cardiovascular effects of bed rest and countermeasures were determined from changes in tolerance to a head-up tilt test with superimposed lower body negative pressure (HUT), from changes in plasma volume (PV) and from changes in maximum aerobic power (...O2peak) during upright work on a cycle ergometer. Complete data sets were obtained in eight subjects. After bed rest, HUT tolerance times were 36, 64, and 78% of pre-bed rest baseline during control, AG1 and AG2, respectively, with a significant difference between AG2 and control. PV and ...O2peak decreased to 85 and 95% of pre-bed rest baseline, respectively, with no differences between the treatments. It was concluded that the AG2 countermeasure should be further investigated during future long-term bed rest studies, especially as it was better tolerated than AG1. The superior effect of AG2 on orthostatic tolerance could not be related to concomitant changes in PV or aerobic power. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *HYPOTENSION
KW  - *BLOOD volume
KW  - *AEROBIC capacity
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity -- Research
KW  - ORTHOSTATIC hypotension -- Research
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BED rest -- Physiological aspects
KW  - head-down tilt
KW  - head-up tilt
KW  - intermittent
KW  - lower body negative pressure
KW  - short-arm centrifuge
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, James B
AU  - Ghosn, Louis J
AU  - Lerch, Bradley A
T1  - A study for stainless steel fan blade design with metal foam core.
JO  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
JF  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 73
SN  - 10996362
AB  - The pursuit for cheap, low-density and high-performance materials in the design of aircraft engine blades raises wide-ranging challenges to the materials and structural design engineers. Traditionally, these components have been fabricated using expensive materials such as lightweight titanium alloys and polymer composite materials composites. The present study investigates the use of a sandwich foam fan blade made of solid face sheets and a metal foam core. The face sheets and the metal foam core material were an aerospace grade precipitation-hardened 17-4 stainless steel with high strength and high toughness. The stiffness of the sandwich structure is increased by separating the two face sheets by a foam core. The resulting structure possesses a high stiffness while being lighter than a similar solid construction. Since the face sheets carry the applied bending loads, the sandwich architecture is a viable engineering concept. The material properties of 17-4 precipitation-hardened metal foam are briefly reviewed to describe the characteristics of the sandwich structure for a fan blade application. Vibration characteristics and design criteria on the 17-4 precipitation-hardened metal foam core sandwich blade design with different combinations of skin thickness and core volume are presented with a comparison to a solid titanium blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FANS (Machinery) -- Blades
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - METAL foams
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - aircraft engine fan blades
KW  - foam theory and manufacturing techniques
KW  - metal foam core
KW  - Sandwich foam fan blade
KW  - sandwich structures
N1  - Accession Number: 99945925; Min, James B 1; Email Address: james.b.min@nasa.gov; Ghosn, Louis J 1; Lerch, Bradley A 1; Source Information: Jan2015, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p56; Subject: FANS (Machinery) -- Blades; Subject: STAINLESS steel; Subject: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject: METAL foams; Subject: STRUCTURAL design; Subject: POLYMERIC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft engine fan blades; Author-Supplied Keyword: foam theory and manufacturing techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: metal foam core; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich foam fan blade; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich structures; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5200
L3  - 10.1177/1099636214554181
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=99945925&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - García-Maldonado, José
AU  - Bebout, Brad
AU  - Everroad, R.
AU  - López-Cortés, Alejandro
T1  - Evidence of Novel Phylogenetic Lineages of Methanogenic Archaea from Hypersaline Microbial Mats.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 69
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 117
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00953628
AB  - Methanogenesis in hypersaline and high-sulfate environments is typically dominated by methylotrophic methanogens because sulfate reduction is thermodynamically favored over hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in these environments. We characterized the community composition of methanogenic archaea in both unmanipulated and incubated microbial mats from different hypersaline environments in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Clone libraries of methyl coenzyme-M reductase ( mcrA) sequences and DGGE band patterns of 16S rRNA and mcrA sequences showed that the methanogen community in these microbial mats is dominated by methylotrophic methanogens of the genus Methanohalophilus. However, phylogenetic analyses of mcrA sequences from these mats also revealed two new lineages corresponding to putative hydrogenotrophic methanogens related with the strictly hydrogenotrophic order Methanomicrobiales. Stimulated methane production under decreased salinity and sulfate concentrations also suggested the presence of hydrogenotrophic methanogens in these samples. The relative abundance of mcrA gene and transcripts, estimated by SYBR green I qPCR assays, suggested the activity of different phylogenetic groups of methanogens, including the two novel clusters, in unmanipulated samples of hypersaline microbial mats. Using geochemical and molecular approaches, we show that substrate limitation and values of salinity and sulfate higher than 3 % and 25 mM (respectively) are potential environmental constraints for methanogenesis in these environments. Microcosm experiments with modifications of salinity and sulfate concentrations and TMA addition showed that upper salt and sulfate concentrations for occurrence of methylotrophic methanogenesis were 28 % and 263 mM, respectively. This study provides phylogenetic information about uncultivated and undescribed methanogenic archaea from hypersaline environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Archaebacteria
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - Geomicrobiology
KW  - Methanogens
KW  - Bacteria
N1  - Accession Number: 100319021; García-Maldonado, José 1; Bebout, Brad 2; Everroad, R. 2; López-Cortés, Alejandro; Email Address: alopez04@cibnor.mx; Affiliations: 1: Laboratorio de Geomicrobiología y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz Mexico; 2: Exobiology Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: Jan2015, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p106; Thesaurus Term: Archaebacteria; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Thesaurus Term: PHYLOGENY; Thesaurus Term: Geomicrobiology; Subject Term: Methanogens; Subject Term: Bacteria; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-014-0473-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100319021&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Zhang, Xiaoyang
AU  - Suyker, Andrew
AU  - Verma, Shashi
AU  - Shuai, Yanmin
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
T1  - Estimation of crop gross primary production (GPP): II. Do scaled MODIS vegetation indices improve performance?
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 200
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Satellite remote sensing estimates of gross primary production (GPP) have routinely been made using spectral vegetation indices (VIs) over the past two decades. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), the green band Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Index (WDRVI green ), and the green band Chlorophyll Index (CI green ) have been employed to estimate GPP under the assumption that GPP is proportional to the product of VI and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (where VI is one of four VIs: NDVI, EVI, WDRVI green , or CI green ). However, the empirical regressions between VI*PAR and GPP measured locally at flux towers do not pass through the origin (i.e., the zero X – Y value for regressions). Therefore they are somewhat difficult to interpret and apply. This study investigates (1) what are the scaling factors and offsets (i.e., regression slopes and intercepts) between the fraction of PAR absorbed by chlorophyll of a canopy (fAPAR chl ) and the VIs and (2) whether the scaled VIs developed in (1) can eliminate the deficiency and improve the accuracy of GPP estimates. Three AmeriFlux maize and soybean fields were selected for this study, two of which are irrigated and one is rainfed. The four VIs and fAPAR chl of the fields were computed with the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images. The GPP estimation performance for the scaled VIs was compared to results obtained with the original VIs and evaluated with standard statistics: the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the coefficient of variation (CV). Overall, the scaled EVI obtained the best performance. The performance of the scaled NDVI, EVI and WDRVI green was improved across sites, crop types and soil/background wetness conditions. The scaled CI green did not improve results, compared to the original CI green . The scaled green band indices (WDRVI green , CI green ) did not exhibit superior performance to either the scaled EVI or NDVI in estimating crop daily GPP at these agricultural fields. The scaled VIs are more physiologically meaningful than original un-scaled VIs, but scaling factors and offsets may vary across crop types and surface conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Agricultural productivity
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Daily GPP
KW  - fAPAR chl
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Vegetation index
N1  - Accession Number: 99697006; Zhang, Qingyuan 1,2; Email Address: qyz72@yahoo.com; Cheng, Yen-Ben 2,3; Lyapustin, Alexei I. 4; Wang, Yujie 2,5; Zhang, Xiaoyang 6; Suyker, Andrew 7; Verma, Shashi 7; Shuai, Yanmin 8; Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA; 2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA; 4: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Code 613, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; 6: Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; 7: School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; 8: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., Laurel, MD 20707, USA; Issue Info: Jan2015, Vol. 200, p1; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural productivity; Thesaurus Term: Chlorophyll; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Daily GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: fAPAR chl; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation index; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.09.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=99697006&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakazaki, T.
AU  - Shiotani, M.
AU  - Suzuki, M.
AU  - Kinnison, D.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - McHugh, M.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
T1  - Sunset-sunrise difference in solar occultation ozone measurements (SAGE II, HALOE, and ACE-FTS) and its relationship to tidal vertical winds.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 829
EP  - 843
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This paper contains a comprehensive investigation of the sunset-sunrise difference (SSD, i.e., the sunsetminus-sunrise value) of the ozone mixing ratio in the latitude range of 10° S-10° N. SSD values were determined from solar occultation measurements based on data obtained from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) II, the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), and the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment-Fourier transform spectrometer (ACE-FTS). The SSD was negative at altitudes of 20-30 km (-- 0.1ppmv at 25 km) and positive at 30-50 km (+0.2 ppmv at 40-45 km) for HALOE and ACEFTS data. SAGE II data also showed a qualitatively similar result, although the SSD in the upper stratosphere was 2 times larger than those derived from the other data sets. On the basis of an analysis of data from the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) and a nudged chemical transport model (the specified dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model: SD-WACCM), we conclude that the SSD can be explained by diurnal variations in the ozone concentration, particularly those caused by vertical transport by the atmospheric tidal winds. All data sets showed significant seasonal variations in the SSD; the SSD in the upper stratosphere is greatest from December through February, while that in the lower stratosphere reaches a maximum twice: during the periods March-April and September-October. Based on an analysis of SD-WACCM results, we found that these seasonal variations follow those associated with the tidal vertical winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fourier transform spectrometers
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Vertical wind shear
N1  - Accession Number: 100820474; Sakazaki, T. 1; Email Address: takatoshi_sakazaki@rish.kyoto-u.ac.jp; Shiotani, M. 1; Suzuki, M. 2; Kinnison, D. 3; Zawodny, J. M. 4; McHugh, M. 5; Walker, K. A. 6; Affiliations: 1: Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan; 2: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; 5: Global Atmospheric Technologies and Sciences, Newport News, USA; 6: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p829; Thesaurus Term: Fourier transform spectrometers; Thesaurus Term: Solar energy; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Subject Term: Vertical wind shear; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-829-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100820474&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shinozuka, Y.
AU  - Clarke, A. D.
AU  - Nenes, A.
AU  - Jefferson, A.
AU  - Wood, R.
AU  - McNaughton, C. S.
AU  - Ström, J.
AU  - Tunved, P.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Moore, R. H.
AU  - Lathem, T. L.
AU  - Lin, J. J.
AU  - Yoon, Y. J.
T1  - The relationship between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration and light extinction of dried particles: indications of underlying aerosol processes and implications for satellite-based CCN estimates.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2745
EP  - 2789
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We examine the relationship between the number concentration of boundary-layer cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and light extinction to investigate underlying aerosol processes and satellite-based CCN estimates. Regression applied to a variety of airborne and ground-based measurements identifies the CCN (cm-3) at 0.4 ± 0.1 % supersaturation with 1003α+1.3 σ0.75 where σ (Mm-1) is the 500nm extinction coefficient by dried particles and a is the Angstrom exponent. The deviation of one kilometer horizontal average data from this approximation is typically within a factor of 2.0. ∂ log CCN/∂log σ is less than unity because, among other explanations, aerosol growth processes generally make particles scatter more light without increasing their number. This, barring extensive data aggregation and special meteorology-aerosol connections, associates doubling of aerosol optical depth with less than doubling of CCN, contrary to common assumptions in satellite-based analysis of aerosol-cloud interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Rain-making
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Extinction coefficients (Optics)
KW  - Approximation theory
N1  - Accession Number: 100784879; Shinozuka, Y. 1,2; Email Address: yohei.shinozuka@nasa.gov; Clarke, A. D. 3; Nenes, A. 4,5; Jefferson, A. 6,7; Wood, R. 8; McNaughton, C. S. 3,9; Ström, J. 10; Tunved, P. 10; Redemann, J. 11; Thornhill, K. L. 12; Moore, R. H. 13; Lathem, T. L. 4,14; Lin, J. J. 4; Yoon, Y. J. 15; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology, Moffett Field, California, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, California, USA; 3: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA; 4: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 5: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 6: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 7: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 8: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; 9: Golder Associates Ltd., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; 10: Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Sweden; 11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 12: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 13: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 14: Phillips 66 Research Center, Bartlesville, Oklahoma, USA; 15: Korea Polar Research Institute, Yeonsu-Gu, Incheon, Korea; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p2745; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Rain-making; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Extinction coefficients (Optics); Subject Term: Approximation theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-2745-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100784879&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chu, D. Allen
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - Scarino, Amy
AU  - Hains, Jennifer
AU  - Burton, Sharon
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Tsai, Tzuchin
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
AU  - Hair, Johnathan
AU  - Holben, Brent
AU  - Crawford, James
T1  - Regional characteristics of the relationship between columnar AOD and surface PM2.5: Application of lidar aerosol extinction profiles over Baltimore–Washington Corridor during DISCOVER-AQ.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 338
EP  - 349
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The first field campaign of DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from COlumn and VERtically resolved observations relevant to Air Quality) took place in July 2011 over Baltimore–Washington Corridor (BWC). A suite of airborne remote sensing and in-situ sensors was deployed along with ground networks for mapping vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols. Previous researches were based on a single lidar station because of the lack of regional coverage. This study uses the unique airborne HSRL (High Spectral Resolution Lidar) data to baseline PM 2.5 (particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) estimates and applies to regional air quality with satellite AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) retrievals over BWC (∼6500 km 2 ). The linear approximation takes into account aerosols aloft above AML (Aerosol Mixing Layer) by normalizing AOD with haze layer height (i.e., AOD/HLH). The estimated PM 2.5 mass concentrations by HSRL AOD/HLH are shown within 2 RMSE (Root Mean Square Error ∼9.6 μg/m 3 ) with correlation ∼0.88 with the observed over BWC. Similar statistics are shown when applying HLH data from a single location over the distance of 100 km. In other words, a single lidar is feasible to cover the range of 100 km with expected uncertainties. The employment of MPLNET–AERONET (MicroPulse Lidar NETwork – AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements at NASA GSFC produces similar statistics of PM 2.5 estimates as those derived by HSRL. The synergy of active and passive remote sensing aerosol measurements provides the foundation for satellite application of air quality on a daily basis. For the optimal range of 10 km, the MODIS-estimated PM 2.5 values are found satisfactory at 27 (out of 36) sunphotometer locations with mean RMSE of 1.6–3.3 μg/m 3 relative to PM 2.5 estimated by sunphotometers. The remaining 6 of 8 marginal sites are found in the coastal zone, for which associated large RMSE values ∼4.5–7.8 μg/m 3 are most likely due to overestimated AOD because of water-contaminated pixels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - Particulate matter -- Environmental aspects
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Baltimore-Washington Parkway (Md.)
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosol mixing layer
KW  - AOD
KW  - Baltimore–Washington Corridor
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - DRAGON
KW  - Haze layer height
KW  - HSRL
KW  - MODIS
KW  - MPLNET
KW  - PM 2.5
N1  - Accession Number: 99826049; Chu, D. Allen 1,2; Email Address: allen.chu@nasa.gov; Ferrare, Richard 3; Szykman, James 3,4; Lewis, Jasper 1,2; Scarino, Amy 3; Hains, Jennifer 5; Burton, Sharon 3; Chen, Gao 3; Tsai, Tzuchin 6,7; Hostetler, Chris 3; Hair, Johnathan 3; Holben, Brent 2; Crawford, James 3; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; 5: Maryland Department of Environment, Baltimore, MD, USA; 6: University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 7: National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Issue Info: Jan2015, Vol. 101, p338; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Particulate matter -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Baltimore-Washington Parkway (Md.); Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol mixing layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: AOD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Baltimore–Washington Corridor; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: DRAGON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze layer height; Author-Supplied Keyword: HSRL; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: MPLNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM 2.5; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Play it again, SAM.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/01/23/
VL  - 347
IS  - 6220
M3  - Opinion
SP  - 370
EP  - 371
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The author discusses aspects of studies within the issue by P. R. Mahaffy et al. and C. R. Webster et al. investigating the deuterium-hydrogen (D/H) ratio in a mudstone from planet Mars' Gale crater and the amount of methane on Mars, respectively, using the tunable laser spectrometer (TLS) in the Curiosity rover's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) package. The D/H ratio in Mars’s air, which is 6 X standard mean ocean water (), planetary water, and atmospheric methane levels are discussed.
KW  - WATER
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheric methane -- Analysis
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Ratio measurement
KW  - Deuterium -- Research
KW  - Hydrogen -- Analysis
KW  - Laser spectroscopy
KW  - Curiosity (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 100585193; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin.j.zahnle@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mof ett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 1/23/2015, Vol. 347 Issue 6220, p370; Thesaurus Term: WATER; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric methane -- Analysis; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Ratio measurement; Subject Term: Deuterium -- Research; Subject Term: Hydrogen -- Analysis; Subject Term: Laser spectroscopy ; Company/Entity: Curiosity (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Opinion
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaa3687
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100585193&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Fluid Loading Effects on Temporal Profiles of Cardiovascular Responses to Head-Down Tilt.
AU  - Cowings, Patricia
AU  - Toscano, William
AU  - Kanis, Dionisios
AU  - Saicheur, Theparat
AU  - Ravikumar, Anusha
AU  - Gebreyesus, Fiyore
JO  - Aerospace Medicine & Human Performance
JF  - Aerospace Medicine & Human Performance
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 86
IS  - 2
SP  - 88
EP  - 96
SN  - 23756314
N1  - Accession Number: 100747383; Author: Cowings, Patricia: 1 email: patricia.s.cowings@nasa.gov. Author: Toscano, William: 1 Author: Kanis, Dionisios: 1 Author: Saicheur, Theparat: 1 Author: Ravikumar, Anusha: 1 Author: Gebreyesus, Fiyore: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20150202
N2  - BACKGROUND: Susceptibility of healthy astronauts to orthostatic hypotension and presyncope is exacerbated upon return from spaceflight. Up to 64% of astronauts experience postflight orthostatic intolerance. A promising countermeasure for postflight orthostatic intolerance is fluid loading by giving crew salt tablets and water prior to re-entry. The primary goal of the current study was to determine the optimal time window prior to re-entry when individual crewpersons would initiate fluid loading. METHODS: There were 16 subjects who were given two 6-h exposures, with and without fluid loading (conditions), to head-down tilt (HDT) to simulate the effects of microgravity. Pre- and post-HDT stand tests of orthostatic tolerance were given. Physiological measurements recorded included heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral blood volume, total peripheral resistance, and impedance cardiography. Echocardiography measures of stroke volume and cardiac output were also recorded. RESULTS: Data were analyzed with three-way repeated measures ANOVA (gender x condition X time). Only the condition X time interaction was significant for mean arterial pressure. Post hoc multiple comparison tests revealed significant increases in mean arterial pressure occurred between hours 1 and 3 of HDT after fluid loading (10 mmHg higher than no fluid). DISCUSSION: These findings indicate that the optimal time for crew to begin fluid loading is within 1 to 3 h prior to re-entry. Nonsignificant trends of multiple cardiovascular responses showed similar time profiles. The large amount of individual variability suggests that fluid loading alone may be an inadequate countermeasure for all crewmembers. Further research is needed on possible adjunct methods of tailoring countermeasures for individuals. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *CARDIOVASCULAR system -- Physiology
KW  - *DISEASES
KW  - *BODY fluids
KW  - *SALT
KW  - HEAD-down tilt position
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - TEMPORAL lobes
KW  - ORTHOSTATIC hypotension
KW  - THERAPEUTIC use
KW  - autonomic responses
KW  - orthostatic intolerance
KW  - simulated microgravity
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Winker, D.
AU  - Omar, A.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - Kar, J.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Schuster, G.
T1  - Evaluation of CALIOP 532 nm aerosol optical depth over opaque water clouds.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1265
EP  - 1288
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - With its height-resolved measurements and near global coverage, the CALIOP lidar onboard the CALIPSO satellite offers a new capability for aerosol retrievals in cloudy skies. Validation of these retrievals is difficult, however, as independent, collocated and co-temporal data sets are generally not available. In this paper, we evaluate CALIOP aerosol products above opaque water clouds by applying multiple retrieval techniques to CALIOP Level 1 profile data and comparing the results. This approach allows us to both characterize the accuracy of the CALIOP above-cloud aerosol optical depth (AOD) and develop an error budget that quantifies the relative contributions of different error sources. We focus on two spatial domains: the African dust transport pathway over the tropical North Atlantic and the African smoke transport pathway over the southeastern Atlantic. Six years of CALIOP observations (2007-2012) from the northern hemisphere summer and early fall are analyzed. The analysis is limited to cases where aerosol layers are located above opaque water clouds so that a constrained retrieval technique can be used to directly retrieve 532 nm aerosol optical depth and lidar ratio. For the moderately dense Sahara dust layers detected in the CALIOP data used in this study, the mean/median values of the lidar ratios derived from a constrained opaque water cloud (OWC) technique are 45.1/44.4 ± 8.8 sr, which are somewhat larger than the value of 40 ± 20 sr used in the CALIOP Level 2 (L2) data products. Comparisons of CALIOP L2 AOD with the OWC-retrieved AOD reveal that for nighttime conditions the L2 AOD in the dust region is underestimated on average by ~ 26% (0.183 vs. 0.247). Examination of the error sources indicates that errors in the L2 dust AOD are primarily due to using a lidar ratio that is somewhat too small. The mean/median lidar ratio retrieved for smoke is 70.8/70.4 ± 16.2 sr, which is consistent with the modeled value of 70 ± 28 sr used in the CALIOP L2 retrieval. Smoke AOD is found to be underestimated, on average, by ~ 39% (0.191 vs. 0.311). The primary cause of AOD differences in the smoke transport region is the tendency of the CALIOP layer detection scheme to prematurely assign layer base altitudes and thus underestimate the geometric thickness of smoke layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Smoke
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - Thickness measurement
KW  - Northern Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 101044913; Liu, Z. 1,2; Email Address: zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov; Winker, D. 2; Omar, A. 2; Vaughan, M. 2; Kar, J. 1,2; Trepte, C. 2; Hu, Y. 2; Schuster, G. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p1265; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Smoke; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Thickness measurement; Subject: Northern Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 13 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-1265-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=101044913&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wagner, N. L.
AU  - Brock, C. A.
AU  - Angevine, W. M.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, P.
AU  - Day, D. A.
AU  - de Gouw, J. A.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Gordon, T. D.
AU  - Graus, M. G.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Lack, D. A.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Markovic, M. Z.
AU  - Middlebrook, A. M.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Peischl, J.
AU  - Perring, A. E.
T1  - In situ vertical profiles of aerosol extinction, mass, and composition over the southeast United States during SENEX and SEAC4RS: observations of a modest aerosol enhancement aloft.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 3127
EP  - 3172
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol over the southeastern United States (SEUS) during the summertime from in situ aircraft-based measurements were used to construct aggregate profiles of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties. Shallow cumulus convection 5 was observed during many profiles. These conditions enhance vertical transport of trace gases and aerosol and create a cloudy transition layer on top of the sub-cloud mixed layer. The trace gas and aerosol concentrations in the transition layer were modeled as a mixture with contributions from the mixed layer below and the free troposphere above. The amount of vertical mixing, or entrainment of air from the 10 free troposphere, was quantified using the observed mixing ratio of carbon monoxide (CO). Although the median aerosol mass, extinction, and volume decreased with altitude in the transition layer, they were ~ 10% larger than expected from vertical mixing alone. This enhancement was likely due to secondary aerosol formation in the transition layer. Although the transition layer enhancements of the particulate sulfate and 15 organic aerosol (OA) were both similar in magnitude, only the enhancement of sulfate was statistically significant. The column integrated extinction, or aerosol optical depth (AOD), was calculated for each individual profile, and the transition layer enhancement of extinction typically contributed less than 10% to the total AOD. Our measurements and analysis were motivated by two recent studies that have hypothesized an 20 enhanced layer of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) aloft to explain the summertime enhancement of AOD (2--3 times greater than winter) over the southeastern United States. In contrast to this hypothesis, the modest enhancement we observed in the transition layer was not dominated by OA and was not a large fraction of the summertime AOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Convection (Meteorology)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - United States -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Entrainment (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 101064614; Wagner, N. L. 1,2; Email Address: nick.wagner@noaa.gov; Brock, C. A. 1; Angevine, W. M. 1,2; Beyersdorf, A. 3; Campuzano-Jost, P. 2,4; Day, D. A. 2,4; de Gouw, J. A. 1,2; Diskin, G. S. 3; Gordon, T. D. 1,2; Graus, M. G. 1,2; Huey, G. 5; Jimenez, J. L. 2,4; Lack, D. A. 1,2; Liao, J. 1,2; Liu, X. 5; Markovic, M. Z. 1,2; Middlebrook, A. M. 1; Mikoviny, T. 6; Peischl, J. 1,2; Perring, A. E. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 483, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 5: School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 6: Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p3127; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Cumulus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Convection (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Subject Term: United States -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Entrainment (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 46p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-3127-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Jingyi
AU  - Cleveland, Meredith
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Griffin, Robert J.
AU  - Barsanti, Kelley C.
AU  - Pankow, James F.
AU  - Ying, Qi
T1  - Modeling regional secondary organic aerosol using the Master Chemical Mechanism.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 52
EP  - 61
SN  - 13522310
AB  - A modified near-explicit Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM, version 3.2) with 5727 species and 16,930 reactions and an equilibrium partitioning module was incorporated into the Community Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to predict the regional concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the eastern United States (US). In addition to the semi-volatile SOA from equilibrium partitioning, reactive surface uptake processes were used to simulate SOA formation due to isoprene epoxydiol, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. The CMAQ-MCM-SOA model was applied to simulate SOA formation during a two-week episode from August 28 to September 7, 2006. The southeastern US has the highest SOA, with a maximum episode-averaged concentration of ∼12 μg m −3 . Primary organic aerosol (POA) and SOA concentrations predicted by CMAQ-MCM-SOA agree well with AMS-derived hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) urban concentrations at the Moody Tower at the University of Houston. Predicted molecular properties of SOA (O/C, H/C, N/C and OM/OC ratios) at the site are similar to those reported in other urban areas, and O/C values agree with measured O/C at the same site. Isoprene epoxydiol is predicted to be the largest contributor to total SOA concentration in the southeast US, followed by methylglyoxal and glyoxal. The semi-volatile SOA components are dominated by products from β-caryophyllene oxidation, but the major species and their concentrations are sensitive to errors in saturation vapor pressure estimation. A uniform decrease of saturation vapor pressure by a factor of 100 for all condensable compounds can lead to a 150% increase in total SOA. A sensitivity simulation with UNIFAC-calculated activity coefficients (ignoring phase separation and water molecule partitioning into the organic phase) led to a 10% change in the predicted semi-volatile SOA concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Volatile organic compounds
KW  - Simulation methods & models
KW  - Chemical equilibrium
KW  - Chemical species
KW  - CMAQ model
KW  - Glyoxal
KW  - Isoprene epoxydiol
KW  - MCMv3.2
KW  - Surface reactive uptake
N1  - Accession Number: 100411182; Li, Jingyi 1; Cleveland, Meredith 2; Ziemba, Luke D. 3; Griffin, Robert J. 4; Barsanti, Kelley C. 5; Pankow, James F. 5; Ying, Qi 1; Email Address: qying@civil.tamu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; 2: SRA International, Washington, DC 20005, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; 5: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, OR 97021, USA; Issue Info: Feb2015, Vol. 102, p52; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Simulation methods & models; Subject Term: Chemical equilibrium; Subject Term: Chemical species; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAQ model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glyoxal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isoprene epoxydiol; Author-Supplied Keyword: MCMv3.2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface reactive uptake; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shuman, Jacquelyn K.
AU  - Tchebakova, Nadezhda M.
AU  - Parfenova, Elena I.
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Shugart, Herman H.
AU  - Ershov, Dmitry
AU  - Holcomb, Katherine
T1  - Forest forecasting with vegetation models across Russia1.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
JF  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 175
EP  - 184
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00455067
AB  - Vegetation models are essential tools for projecting large-scale land-cover response to changing climate, which is expected to alter the distribution of biomes and individual species. A large-scale bioclimatic envelope model (RuBCliM) and an individual species based gap model (UVAFME) are used to simulate the Russian forests under current and future climate for two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Results for current conditions are compared between models and assessed against two independent maps of Russian forest biomes and dominant tree species. Comparisons measured with kappa statistics indicate good agreement between the models (kappa values from 0.76 to 0.69), as well as between the model results and two observation-based maps for both species presence and absence (kappa values from 0.70 to 0.43). Agreement between these multiple types of data on forest distribution provides confidence in the projected forest response to changing climate. For future conditions, both models indicate a shift in the dominant biomes from conifers to deciduous leaved species. These projections have implications for feedbacks between the energy budget, carbon cycle, and land cover in the boreal system. The distinct biome and species changes emphasize the need for continued investigation of this landmass that has the size necessary to influence regional and global climate. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les modèles de végétation sont des outils essentiels pour simuler la réaction à grande échelle de la couverture terrestre aux changements climatiques qui devraient modifier la répartition des biomes et des espèces. Un modèle d'enveloppe bioclimatique à grande échelle (RuBCliM) et un modèle de trouée fondé sur les espèces individuelles (UVAFME) sont utilisés pour simuler les forêts russes dans les conditions climatiques actuelles et futures selon deux scénarios d'émission de gaz à effet de serre. Les résultats des modèles dans les conditions actuelles sont comparés entre eux et évalués en prenant comme référence deux cartes indépendantes des espèces d'arbre dominantes et des biomes forestiers russes. Les statistiques kappa des comparaisons indiquent qu'il y a une bonne concordance entre les modèles (valeurs de kappa de 0,76 à 0,69), ainsi qu'entre les résultats des modèles et les deux cartes basées sur l'observation tant de la présence que de l'absence des espèces (valeurs de kappa de 0,70 à 0,43). La concordance entre ces multiples types de données sur la distribution de la forêt permet d'avoir confiance dans la réaction anticipée de la forêt aux changements climatiques. Dans le cas des conditions futures, les deux modèles prévoient un changement des biomes dominants en passant des conifères aux espèces à feuilles caduques. Ces prévisions ont des implications sur les rétroactions entre le bilan énergétique, le cycle du carbone et la couverture terrestre dans le système boréal. Les changements nets d'espèces et de biomes font ressortir la nécessité de poursuivre l'étude de ce territoire dont la taille est suffisante pour influencer le climat régional et mondial. [Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Biomes
KW  - Plant species
KW  - Bioclimatology
KW  - Greenhouse gas mitigation
KW  - Forests & forestry -- Russia
KW  - bioclimatic model
KW  - biomass
KW  - boreal forest
KW  - carbon
KW  - carbone
KW  - changements climatiques
KW  - forêt boréale
KW  - gap model
KW  - modélisation
KW  - modeling
KW  - validation
KW  - carbone
KW  - changements climatiques
KW  - forêt boréale
KW  - modélisation
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 100630390; Shuman, Jacquelyn K. 1; Tchebakova, Nadezhda M. 2; Parfenova, Elena I. 2; Soja, Amber J. 3; Shugart, Herman H. 1; Ershov, Dmitry 4; Holcomb, Katherine 5; Affiliations: 1: University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA.; 2: Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.; 3: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Climate Science and Radiation and Aerosols Branches, 21 Langley Blvd. MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; 4: Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.; 5: University of Virginia, Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA.; Issue Info: Feb2015, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p175; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Biomes; Thesaurus Term: Plant species; Thesaurus Term: Bioclimatology; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gas mitigation; Subject Term: Forests & forestry -- Russia; Author-Supplied Keyword: bioclimatic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: boreal forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbone; Author-Supplied Keyword: changements climatiques; Author-Supplied Keyword: forêt boréale; Author-Supplied Keyword: gap model; Author-Supplied Keyword: modélisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbone; Author-Supplied Keyword: changements climatiques; Author-Supplied Keyword: forêt boréale; Author-Supplied Keyword: modélisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0138
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
T1  - Oxygen diffusivity in alumina scales grown on Al-MAX phases.
JO  - Corrosion Science
JF  - Corrosion Science
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 91
M3  - Article
SP  - 281
EP  - 286
SN  - 0010938X
AB  - Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 2 AlC, and Cr 2 AlC are oxidation resistant MAX phase compounds distinguished by the formation of protective Al 2 O 3 scales with well controlled kinetics. A modified Wagner treatment was used to calculate interfacial grain boundary diffusivity from scale growth rates and corresponding interfacial grain size, based on the pressure dependence of oxygen vacancies and diffusivity. MAX phase data from the literature yielded grain boundary diffusivity nearly coincident with that for Zr-doped FeCrAl (and many other FeCrAl alloys), suggesting similar oxidation mechanisms. The consolidated body of diffusivity data was consistent with an activation energy of 375 ± 25 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Corrosion Science is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Aluminum oxide
KW  - Thermocycling
KW  - Crystal grain boundaries
KW  - Grain size
KW  - Activation energy
KW  - A. Ceramic
KW  - B. Thermal cycling
KW  - C. High temperature corrosion
KW  - C. Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 100025090; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: james.l.smialek@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Issue Info: Feb2015, Vol. 91, p281; Thesaurus Term: Oxygen; Thesaurus Term: Oxidation; Subject Term: Aluminum oxide; Subject Term: Thermocycling; Subject Term: Crystal grain boundaries; Subject Term: Grain size; Subject Term: Activation energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Thermal cycling; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. High temperature corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.11.030
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DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martre, Pierre
AU  - Wallach, Daniel
AU  - Asseng, Senthold
AU  - Ewert, Frank
AU  - Jones, James W.
AU  - Rötter, Reimund P.
AU  - Boote, Kenneth J.
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Thorburn, Peter J.
AU  - Cammarano, Davide
AU  - Hatfield, Jerry L.
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
AU  - Aggarwal, Pramod K.
AU  - Angulo, Carlos
AU  - Basso, Bruno
AU  - Bertuzzi, Patrick
AU  - Biernath, Christian
AU  - Brisson, Nadine
AU  - Challinor, Andrew J.
AU  - Doltra, Jordi
T1  - Multimodel ensembles of wheat growth: many models are better than one.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 911
EP  - 925
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. Therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. Studies with ensembles of crop models can give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. We report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulating multiple crop growth and yield variables. The relative error averaged over models was 24-38% for the different end-of-season variables including grain yield ( GY) and grain protein concentration ( GPC). There was little relation between error of a model for GY or GPC and error for in-season variables. Thus, most models did not arrive at accurate simulations of GY and GPC by accurately simulating preceding growth dynamics. Ensemble simulations, taking either the mean (e-mean) or median (e-median) of simulated values, gave better estimates than any individual model when all variables were considered. Compared to individual models, e-median ranked first in simulating measured GY and third in GPC. The error of e-mean and e-median declined with an increasing number of ensemble members, with little decrease beyond 10 models. We conclude that multimodel ensembles can be used to create new estimators with improved accuracy and consistency in simulating growth dynamics. We argue that these results are applicable to other crop species, and hypothesize that they apply more generally to ecological system models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Wheat
KW  - Plant growth
KW  - Crop management
KW  - Crop yields
KW  - Grain proteins
KW  - ecophysiological model
KW  - ensemble modeling
KW  - model intercomparison
KW  - process-based model
KW  - uncertainty
KW  - wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)
N1  - Accession Number: 100631725; Martre, Pierre 1,2; Wallach, Daniel 3; Asseng, Senthold 4; Ewert, Frank 5; Jones, James W. 4; Rötter, Reimund P. 6; Boote, Kenneth J. 4; Ruane, Alex C. 7; Thorburn, Peter J. 8; Cammarano, Davide 4; Hatfield, Jerry L. 9; Rosenzweig, Cynthia 7; Aggarwal, Pramod K. 10; Angulo, Carlos 5; Basso, Bruno 11; Bertuzzi, Patrick 12; Biernath, Christian 13; Brisson, Nadine 14,15; Challinor, Andrew J. 16,17; Doltra, Jordi 18; Affiliations: 1: INRA UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals (GDEC); 2: Blaise Pascal University UMR1095 GDEC; 3: INRA UMR1248 Agrosystèmes et Développement Territorial; 4: Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida; 5: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation Universität Bonn; 6: Plant Production Research MTT Agrifood Research Finland; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies; 8: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Ecosystem Sciences; 9: National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment; 10: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security International Water Management Institute; 11: Department of Geological Sciences and Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University; 12: INRA US1116 AgroClim; 13: Institute of Soil Ecology Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health; 14: INRA UMR0211 Agronomie; 15: AgroParisTech UMR0211 Agronomie; 16: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds; 17: CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security International Centre for Tropical Agriculture; 18: Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre; Issue Info: Feb2015, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p911; Thesaurus Term: Wheat; Thesaurus Term: Plant growth; Thesaurus Term: Crop management; Thesaurus Term: Crop yields; Subject Term: Grain proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecophysiological model; Author-Supplied Keyword: ensemble modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: model intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: process-based model; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.12768
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuet, Stefan
AU  - Timucin, Dogan
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin
T1  - Physics-Based Precursor Wiring Diagnostics for Shielded-Twisted-Pair Cable.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2015/02//
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 378
EP  - 391
SN  - 00189456
AB  - The capability to locate and characterize precursor wiring faults, such as chafing or pinching potentially enables preventive maintenance well before hard failures occur, thus maximizing system functionality and safety while minimizing out-of-service time. Toward this goal, results are presented on the application of a deterministic Bayesian inference procedure well suited for detecting chafing and pinch faults through the use of a newly developed physics-based model for shielded-twisted-pair cable. This method is significantly faster than more traditional nondeterministic Bayesian methods, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo, and retains many of the desirable features inherent to the Bayesian approach. These include the ability to quantify estimation uncertainty and model evidence in probabilistic terms, which then enables the study and design of noise-tolerant fault detection algorithms capable of classifying different types of faults. The fault parameter estimation results from both laboratory and field measurements on a C17 jet engine are shown to demonstrate the achievable model fidelity and the overall viability of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC wiring -- Research
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis -- Research
KW  - MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics) -- Research
KW  - TWISTED pair cables
KW  - MARKOV chain Monte Carlo -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 100246470; Source Information: Feb2015, Vol. 64 Issue 2, p378; Subject Term: ELECTRIC wiring -- Research; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis -- Research; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics) -- Research; Subject Term: TWISTED pair cables; Subject Term: MARKOV chain Monte Carlo -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2014.2347216
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=100246470&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Burow, Luke C
AU  - Behnam, Faris
AU  - Mayali, Xavier
AU  - Schintlmeister, Arno
AU  - Fleming, Erich D
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Singer, Steven W
AU  - Cortés, Alejandro López
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
AU  - Spormann, Alfred M
AU  - Wagner, Michael
AU  - Weber, Peter K
AU  - Bebout, Brad M
T1  - Revisiting N2 fixation in Guerrero Negro intertidal microbial mats with a functional single-cell approach.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 485
EP  - 496
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Photosynthetic microbial mats are complex, stratified ecosystems in which high rates of primary production create a demand for nitrogen, met partially by N2 fixation. Dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) genes and transcripts from Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria (for example, Deltaproteobacteria) were detected in these mats, yet their contribution to N2 fixation is poorly understood. We used a combined approach of manipulation experiments with inhibitors, nifH sequencing and single-cell isotope analysis to investigate the active diazotrophic community in intertidal microbial mats at Laguna Ojo de Liebre near Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Acetylene reduction assays with specific metabolic inhibitors suggested that both sulfate reducers and members of the Cyanobacteria contributed to N2 fixation, whereas 15N2 tracer experiments at the bulk level only supported a contribution of Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial and nifH Cluster III (including deltaproteobacterial sulfate reducers) sequences dominated the nifH gene pool, whereas the nifH transcript pool was dominated by sequences related to Lyngbya spp. Single-cell isotope analysis of 15N2-incubated mat samples via high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) revealed that Cyanobacteria were enriched in 15N, with the highest enrichment being detected in Lyngbya spp. filaments (on average 4.4 at% 15N), whereas the Deltaproteobacteria (identified by CARD-FISH) were not significantly enriched. We investigated the potential dilution effect from CARD-FISH on the isotopic composition and concluded that the dilution bias was not substantial enough to influence our conclusions. Our combined data provide evidence that members of the Cyanobacteria, especially Lyngbya spp., actively contributed to N2 fixation in the intertidal mats, whereas support for significant N2 fixation activity of the targeted deltaproteobacterial sulfate reducers could not be found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microbial aggregation
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Heterotrophic respiration
KW  - Nuclear spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 100517163; Woebken, Dagmar 1; Burow, Luke C 2; Behnam, Faris 3; Mayali, Xavier 4; Schintlmeister, Arno 5; Fleming, Erich D 6; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 6; Singer, Steven W 7; Cortés, Alejandro López 8; Hoehler, Tori M 6; Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 4; Spormann, Alfred M 9; Wagner, Michael 10; Weber, Peter K 4; Bebout, Brad M 6; Affiliations: 1: 1] Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA [3] Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 2: 1] Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 4: Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; 5: Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 6: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 7: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; 8: Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Biotechnology, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico; 9: Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 10: 1] Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria [2] Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Issue Info: Feb2015, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p485; Thesaurus Term: Microbial aggregation; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Thesaurus Term: Mass spectrometry; Thesaurus Term: Heterotrophic respiration; Subject Term: Nuclear spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2014.144
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100517163&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nowakowski, A. Justin
AU  - DeWoody, J. Andrew
AU  - Fagan, Matthew E.
AU  - Willoughby, Janna R.
AU  - Donnelly, Maureen A.
T1  - Mechanistic insights into landscape genetic structure of two tropical amphibians using field-derived resistance surfaces.
JO  - Molecular Ecology
JF  - Molecular Ecology
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 580
EP  - 595
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 09621083
AB  - Conversion of forests to agriculture often fragments distributions of forest species and can disrupt gene flow. We examined effects of prevalent land uses on genetic connectivity of two amphibian species in northeastern Costa Rica. We incorporated data from field surveys and experiments to develop resistance surfaces that represent local mechanisms hypothesized to modify dispersal success of amphibians, such as habitat-specific predation and desiccation risk. Because time lags can exist between forest conversion and genetic responses, we evaluated landscape effects using land-cover data from different time periods. Populations of both species were structured at similar spatial scales but exhibited differing responses to landscape features. Litter frog population differentiation was significantly related to landscape resistances estimated from abundance and experiment data. Model support was highest for experiment-derived surfaces that represented responses to microclimate variation. Litter frog genetic variation was best explained by contemporary landscape configuration, indicating rapid population response to land-use change. Poison frog genetic structure was strongly associated with geographic isolation, which explained up to 45% of genetic variation, and long-standing barriers, such as rivers and mountains. However, there was also partial support for abundance- and microclimate response-derived resistances. Differences in species responses to landscape features may be explained by overriding effects of population size on patterns of differentiation for poison frogs, but not litter frogs. In addition, pastures are likely semi-permeable to poison frog gene flow because the species is known to use pastures when remnant vegetation is present, but litter frogs do not. Ongoing reforestation efforts will probably increase connectivity in the region by increasing tree cover and reducing area of pastures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Amphibians
KW  - GENETICS
KW  - Vertebrates
KW  - Gene flow
KW  - Costa Rica
KW  - Tropics
KW  - connectivity
KW  - field experiments
KW  - fragmentation
KW  - gene flow
KW  - land use
KW  - microclimate
N1  - Accession Number: 100488318; Nowakowski, A. Justin 1; DeWoody, J. Andrew 2,3; Fagan, Matthew E. 4; Willoughby, Janna R. 2; Donnelly, Maureen A. 1,5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University; 2: Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University; 3: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center; 5: College of Arts and Sciences Florida International University; Issue Info: Feb2015, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p580; Thesaurus Term: Amphibians; Thesaurus Term: GENETICS; Subject Term: Vertebrates; Subject Term: Gene flow; Subject: Costa Rica; Subject: Tropics; Author-Supplied Keyword: connectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: field experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: fragmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: gene flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: land use; Author-Supplied Keyword: microclimate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411110 Live animal merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/mec.13052
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100488318&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Ankur R.
AU  - Xu, Ke
AU  - Tian, Hanqin
AU  - Weishampel, Peter
AU  - Thom, Jonathan
AU  - Baumann, Dan
AU  - Andrews, Arlyn E.
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - King, Jennifer Y.
AU  - Kolka, Randall
T1  - Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower.
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2015/02/15/
VL  - 201
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 75
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Simulating the magnitude and variability of terrestrial methane sources and sinks poses a challenge to ecosystem models because the biophysical and biogeochemical processes that lead to methane emissions from terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems are, by their nature, episodic and spatially disjunct. As a consequence, model predictions of regional methane emissions based on field campaigns from short eddy covariance towers or static chambers have large uncertainties, because measurements focused on a particular known source of methane emission will be biased compared to regional estimates with regards to magnitude, spatial scale, or frequency of these emissions. Given the relatively large importance of predicting future terrestrial methane fluxes for constraining future atmospheric methane growth rates, a clear need exists to reduce spatiotemporal uncertainties. In 2010, an Ameriflux tower (US-PFa) near Park Falls, WI, USA, was instrumented with closed-path methane flux measurements at 122 m above ground in a mixed wetland–upland landscape representative of the Great Lakes region. Two years of flux observations revealed an average annual methane (CH 4 ) efflux of 785 ± 75 mg C CH 4 m −2 yr −1 , compared to a mean CO 2 sink of −80 g C CO 2 m −2 yr −1 , a ratio of 1% in magnitude on a mole basis. Interannual variability in methane flux was 30% of the mean flux and driven by suppression of methane emissions during dry conditions in late summer 2012. Though relatively small, the magnitude of the methane source from the very tall tower measurements was mostly within the range previously measured using static chambers at nearby wetlands, but larger than a simple scaling of those fluxes to the tower footprint. Seasonal patterns in methane fluxes were similar to those simulated in the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), but magnitude depends on model parameterization and input data, especially regarding wetland extent. The model was unable to simulate short-term (sub-weekly) variability. Temperature was found to be a stronger driver of regional CH 4 flux than moisture availability or net ecosystem production at the daily to monthly scale. Taken together, these results emphasize the multi-timescale dependence of drivers of regional methane flux and the importance of long, continuous time series for their characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Landscapes
KW  - Freshwater ecology
KW  - Atmospheric methane
KW  - Inner planets
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - Eddy covariance
KW  - Land–atmosphere
KW  - Methane
KW  - Regional flux
N1  - Accession Number: 100080217; Desai, Ankur R. 1; Email Address: desai@aos.wisc.edu; Xu, Ke 1; Tian, Hanqin 2; Weishampel, Peter 3; Thom, Jonathan 1; Baumann, Dan 4; Andrews, Arlyn E. 5; Cook, Bruce D. 6; King, Jennifer Y. 7; Kolka, Randall 8; Affiliations: 1: Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 2: International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; 3: Great Lakes Domain, National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc., Land O Lakes, WI, USA; 4: Wisconsin Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Rhinelander, WI, USA; 5: Earth Systems Research Lab, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 7: Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; 8: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, USA; Issue Info: Feb2015, Vol. 201, p61; Thesaurus Term: Landscapes; Thesaurus Term: Freshwater ecology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric methane; Subject Term: Inner planets; Subject Term: Biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy covariance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land–atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional flux; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100080217&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manney, G. L.
AU  - Lawrence, Z. D.
AU  - Santee, M. L.
AU  - Livesey, N. J.
AU  - Lambert, A.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
T1  - Polar processing in a split vortex: early winter Arctic ozone loss in 2012/13.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/02/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4973
EP  - 5029
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in early January 2013 caused the polar vortex to split. After the lower stratospheric vortex split on 8 January, the two offspring vortices - one over Canada and the other over Siberia - remained intact, well-confined, and largely at latitudes that received sunlight until they reunited at the end of January. As the SSW began, temperatures abruptly rose above chlorine activation thresholds throughout the lower stratosphere. The vortex was very disturbed prior to the SSW, and was exposed to much more sunlight than usual in December 2012 and January 2013. Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) nitric acid (HNO3) data and observations from CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) indicate extensive polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) activity, with evidence of PSCs containing solid nitric acid trihydrate particles during much of December 2012. Consistent with the sunlight exposure and PSC activity, MLS observations show that chlorine monoxide (ClO) became enhanced early in December. Despite the cessation of PSC activity with the onset of the SSW, enhanced vortex ClO persisted until mid-February, indicating lingering chlorine activation. The smaller Canadian offspring vortex had lower temperatures, lower HNO3, lower hydrogen chloride (HCl), and higher ClO in late January than the Siberian vortex. Chlorine deactivation began later in the Canadian than in the Siberian vortex. HNO3 remained depressed within the vortices after temperatures rose above the PSC existence threshold, and passive transport calculations indicate vortex-averaged denitrification of about 4 ppbv; the resulting low HNO3 values persisted until the vortex dissipated in mid-February. Consistent with the strong chlorine activation and exposure to sunlight, MLS measurements show rapid ozone loss commencing in mid-December and continuing through January. Lagrangian transport estimates suggest ~ 0.7-0.8 ppmv (parts per million by volume) vortex-averaged chemical ozone loss by late January near 500 K (~ 21 km), with substantial loss occurring from ~ 450 to 550 K. The surface area of PSCs in December 2012 was larger than that in any other December observed by CALIPSO. As a result of denitrification, HNO3 abundances in 2012/13 were among the lowest in the MLS record for the Arctic. ClO enhancement was much greater in December 2012 through mid-January 2013 than that at the corresponding time in any other Arctic winter observed by MLS. Furthermore, reformation of HCl appeared to play a greater role in chlorine deactivation than in more typical Arctic winters. Ozone loss in December 2012 and January 2013 was larger than any previously observed in those months. This pattern of exceptional early winter polar processing and ozone loss resulted from the unique combination of dynamical conditions associated with the early January 2013 SSW, namely unusually low temperatures in December 2012 and offspring vortices that remained well-confined and largely in sunlit regions for about a month after the vortex split. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Winter
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Meteorological observations
N1  - Accession Number: 101399907; Manney, G. L. 1,2; Email Address: manney@nwra.com; Lawrence, Z. D. 2; Santee, M. L. 3; Livesey, N. J. 3; Lambert, A. 3; Pitts, M. C. 4; Affiliations: 1: NorthWest Research Associates, Socorro, NM, USA; 2: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p4973; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Winter; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Number of Pages: 57p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-4973-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=101399907&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nisantzi, A.
AU  - Mamouri, R. E.
AU  - Ansmann, A.
AU  - Schuster, G. L.
AU  - Hadjimitsis, D. G.
T1  - Middle East versus Saharan dust extinction-to-backscatter ratios.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/02/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 5203
EP  - 5240
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Four years (2010-2013) of observations with polarization lidar and sun/sky photometer at the combined European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) site of Limassol (34.7° N, 33° E), Cyprus, were used to compare extinction-to-backscatter ratios (lidar ratios) for desert dust from Middle East deserts and the Sahara. The complex data analysis scheme is presented. The quality of the retrieval is checked within a case study by comparing the results with respective Raman lidar solutions for particle backscatter, extinction, and lidar ratio. The applied combined lidar/photometer retrievals corroborate recent findings regarding the difference between Middle East and Saharan desert dust lidar ratios. We found values from 44-65 sr with a mean value of 52.7 sr for Saharan dust and from 35-46 sr with a mean value of 41.1 sr for Middle East dust. The presented data analysis, however, also demonstrates the difficulties in identifying the optical properties of dust even during outbreak situations in the presence of complex aerosol mixtures of desert dust, marine particles, fire smoke, and anthropogenic haze. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dust
KW  - Deserts
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Photometers
KW  - Middle East
N1  - Accession Number: 101399912; Nisantzi, A. 1; Email Address: argyro.nisantzi@cut.ac.cy; Mamouri, R. E. 1; Ansmann, A. 2; Schuster, G. L. 3; Hadjimitsis, D. G. 1; Affiliations: 1: Cyprus University of Technology, Dep. of Civil Engineering and Geomatics, Limassol, Cyprus; 2: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virgina, USA NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virgina, USA NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virgina, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p5203; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Deserts; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Photometers; Subject: Middle East; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-5203-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=101399912&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nettles, Alan Tate
T1  - Notched compression strength of 18-ply laminates with various percentages of 0° plies.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2015/02/15/
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 505
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The use of knockdown factors (percent reduction of undamaged compression strength) to account for flaws such as impact damage or holes have been used to infer the notched strength of laminates. It has been observed that this criterion tends to over-predict the strength of laminates with a high percentage of 0° plies. This paper examines some limited data from the literature and presents new data that compares knockdown calculated notched compression strength values with those measured experimentally for laminates with various percentages of 0° plies. Results show that the trend of over-predicting the notched compression strength of laminates as the percentage of 0°plies increases, based on a knockdown factor, is observed, but the difference can be within scatter except at very high percentages of 0° plies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - Compression-After-Impact
KW  - knock-down factors
KW  - open-hole compression
KW  - percent 0° plies
N1  - Accession Number: 100515633; Nettles, Alan Tate 1; Source Information: Feb2015, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p495; Subject: LAMINATED materials; Subject: TENSILE strength; Subject: COMPOSITE materials; Subject: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compression-After-Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: knock-down factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: open-hole compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: percent 0° plies; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4639
L3  - 10.1177/0021998314521063
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=100515633&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xia, Youlong
AU  - Peter-Lidard, Christa D.
AU  - Huang, Maoyi
AU  - Wei, Helin
AU  - Ek, Mike
T1  - Improved NLDAS-2 Noah-simulated hydrometeorological products with an interim run.
JO  - Hydrological Processes
JF  - Hydrological Processes
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 29
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 780
EP  - 792
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 08856087
AB  - In North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 (NLDAS-2) Noah simulation, the NLDAS team introduced an intermediate 'fix' to constrain the surface exchange coefficient when the atmospheric boundary layer is stable. In the current NLDAS-2 Noah version, this fix is used for all stable cases including snow-free grid cells. In this study, we simply apply this fix to the grid cells in which both stable atmospheric boundary layer and snow exist simultaneously, excluding the snow-free grid cells as we recognize that the fix in NLDAS-2 is too strong. We conduct a 31-year (1979-2009) NLDAS-2 Noah interim (Noah-I) run and use observed streamflow, evapotranspiration, land surface temperature, soil temperature, and ground heat flux to evaluate the results, including comparisons with the original NLDAS-2 Noah run. The results show that Noah-I has the same performance as NLDAS-2 Noah for snow water equivalent; however, Noah-I significantly improved the simulation of other hydrometeorological products as noted earlier when compared with NLDAS-2 Noah and the observations. This simple modification is being included in the next Noah version used in NLDAS. The hydrometeorological products from the improved NLDAS-2 Noah-I are being staged on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction public server. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Hydrological Processes is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Natural resources
KW  - Water conservation
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Water damage
KW  - hydrometeorological products
KW  - NLDAS-2
KW  - Noah land surface model
KW  - snow hydrology
N1  - Accession Number: 100766326; Xia, Youlong 1,2; Peter-Lidard, Christa D. 3; Huang, Maoyi 4; Wei, Helin 1,2; Ek, Mike 1; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), College Park, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); 2: IMSG at NOAA/NCEP/EMC, College Park; 3: Hydrological Science Laboratory, Goddard Fight Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); 4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL); Issue Info: Feb2015, Vol. 29 Issue 5, p780; Thesaurus Term: Natural resources; Thesaurus Term: Water conservation; Thesaurus Term: Thermodynamics; Subject Term: Heat flux; Subject Term: Water damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrometeorological products; Author-Supplied Keyword: NLDAS-2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noah land surface model; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow hydrology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/hyp.10190
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=100766326&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christofidou-Solomidou, Melpo
AU  - Pietrofesa, Ralph A.
AU  - Arguiri, Evguenia
AU  - Schweitzer, Kelly S.
AU  - Berdyshev, Evgeny V.
AU  - McCarthy, Maureen
AU  - Corbitt, Astrid
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Yongjia Yu
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Solomides, Charalambos C.
AU  - Ullrich, Robert L.
AU  - Petrache, Irina
T1  - Space radiation-associated lung injury in a murine model.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
Y1  - 2015/03//3/1/2015
VL  - 308
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - L416
EP  - L428
SN  - 10400605
AB  - Despite considerable progress in identifying health risks to crewmembers related to exposure to galactic/cosmic rays and solar particle events (SPE) during space travel, its long-term effects on the pulmonary system are unknown. We used a murine risk projection model to investigate the impact of exposure to space-relevant radiation (SR) on the lung. C3H mice were exposed to 137Cs gamma rays, protons (acute, low-dose exposure mimicking the 1972 SPE), 600 MeV/u 56Fe ions, or 350 MeV/u 28Si ions at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Animals were irradiated at the age of 2.5 mo and evaluated 23.5 mo postirradiation, at 26 mo of age. Compared with age-matched nonirradiated mice, SR exposures led to significant air space enlargement and dose-dependent decreased systemic oxygenation levels. These were associated with late mild lung inflammation and prominent cellular injury, with significant oxidative stress and apoptosis (caspase-3 activation) in the lung parenchyma. SR, especially high-energy 56Fe or 28Si ions markedly decreased sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and Akt- and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, depleted anti-senescence sirtuin-1 and increased biochemical markers of autophagy. Exposure to SR caused dose-dependent, pronounced late lung pathological sequelae consistent with alveolar simplification and cellular signaling of increased injury and decreased repair. The associated systemic hypoxemia suggested that this previously uncharacterized space radiation-associated lung injury was functionally significant, indicating that further studies are needed to define the risk and to develop appropriate lung-protective countermeasures for manned deep space missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION -- Physiological effect
KW  - LUNGS -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - PNEUMONIA
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - APOPTOSIS
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - 28Si
KW  - 56Fe
KW  - emphysema
KW  - gamma radiation
KW  - hypoxemia
KW  - inflammation
KW  - lung injury
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - protons
KW  - senescence
N1  - Accession Number: 101365659; Christofidou-Solomidou, Melpo 1; Email Address: melpo@mail.med.upenn.edu; Pietrofesa, Ralph A. 1; Arguiri, Evguenia 1; Schweitzer, Kelly S. 2; Berdyshev, Evgeny V. 3; McCarthy, Maureen 4; Corbitt, Astrid 4; Alwood, Joshua S. 5; Yongjia Yu 4; Globus, Ruth K. 6; Solomides, Charalambos C. 7; Ullrich, Robert L. 4; Petrache, Irina 2,8; Source Information: 3/1/2015, Vol. 308 Issue 5, pL416; Subject: RADIATION -- Physiological effect; Subject: LUNGS -- Wounds & injuries; Subject: PNEUMONIA; Subject: COSMIC rays; Subject: RADIATION exposure; Subject: OXIDATIVE stress; Subject: APOPTOSIS; Subject: MICE as laboratory animals; Author-Supplied Keyword: 28Si; Author-Supplied Keyword: 56Fe; Author-Supplied Keyword: emphysema; Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypoxemia; Author-Supplied Keyword: inflammation; Author-Supplied Keyword: lung injury; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidative stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: protons; Author-Supplied Keyword: senescence; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajplung.00260.2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=101365659&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, J.
AU  - Scheuer, E.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Devi, J. J.
AU  - Bergin, M.
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Markovic, M. Z.
AU  - Schwarz, J. P.
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, P.
AU  - Day, D. A.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Weber, R. J.
T1  - Brown carbon aerosol in the North American continental troposphere: sources, abundance, and radiative forcing.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 5959
EP  - 6007
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Chemical components of organic aerosol selectively absorb light at short wavelengths. In this study, the prevalence, sources, and optical importance of this so-called brown carbon (BrC) aerosol component are investigated throughout the North American continental tropospheric column during a summer of extensive biomass burning. Spec- trophotometric absorption measurements on extracts of bulk aerosol samples collected from an aircraft over the central USA were analyzed to directly quantify BrC abundance. BrC was found to be prevalent throughout the 1 to 12 km altitude measurement range, with dramatic enhancements in biomass burning plumes. BrC to black carbon (BC) ratios, under background tropospheric conditions, increased with altitude, consistent with a corresponding increase in the Absorption Ångström Exponent (AAE) determined from a 3-wavelength Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP). The sum of inferred BC absorption and measured BrC absorption at 365 nm was within 3% of the measured PSAP absorption for background conditions and 22% for biomass burning. A radiative transfer model showed that BrC absorption reduced top of atmosphere aerosol forcing by ~ 20% in the background troposphere. Extensive radiative model simulations applying this studies background tropospheric conditions provided a look-up chart for determining radiative forcing efficiencies of BrC as a function of surface-measured BrC-BC ratio and single scattering albedo (SSA). The chart is a first attempt to provide a tool for better assessment of brown carbon's forcing effect when one is limited to only surface data. These results indicate that BrC is an important component of direct aerosol radiative forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - North America
N1  - Accession Number: 101617007; Liu, J. 1,2; Scheuer, E. 3; Dibb, J. 3; Diskin, G. S. 4; Ziemba, L. D. 4; Thornhill, K. L. 4; Anderson, B. E. 4; Wisthaler, A. 5; Mikoviny, T. 6; Devi, J. J. 7; Bergin, M. 7; Perring, A. E. 8,9; Markovic, M. Z. 8,9; Schwarz, J. P. 8,9; Campuzano-Jost, P. 9,10; Day, D. A. 9,10; Jimenez, J. L. 9,10; Weber, R. J. 1; Email Address: rodney.weber@eas.gatech.edu; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2: Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; 3: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 5: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 6: Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 7: School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 8: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 9: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 10: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p5959; Thesaurus Term: Carbon; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Radiative forcing; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject: North America; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-5959-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sacchi, Claudio
AU  - Bhasin, Kul
AU  - Kadowaki, Naoto
AU  - Vong, Fred
T1  - Toward the "space 2.0" Era [Guest Editorial].
JO  - IEEE Communications Magazine
JF  - IEEE Communications Magazine
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 16
EP  - 17
SN  - 01636804
AB  - The word "satellite" has historically meant global radio coverage, long-distance inter-continental telephony, global TV broadcast, precise localization available in the sky and across the oceans. This was consequential to the early studies about geo-stationary orbits carried out since the visionary paper of A.C. Clarke published in "Wireless World" in 1945. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Communications Magazine is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Artificial satellites in telecommunication
KW  - Telephone systems
KW  - Television broadcasting
KW  - Radio (Medium)
KW  - Telecommunication
KW  - Globalization
KW  - Long Term Evolution
KW  - Mobile communication
KW  - Radio communication
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - Special issues and sections
KW  - Wireless communication
N1  - Accession Number: 101734047; Sacchi, Claudio 1; Bhasin, Kul 2; Kadowaki, Naoto 3; Vong, Fred 4; Affiliations: 1: University of Genoa (Italy); 2: NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 3: University of Tohoku, Sendai, Japan; 4: Asia Satellite Telecommunications Co. Ltd. in Hong Kong; Issue Info: Mar2015, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p16; Thesaurus Term: Artificial satellites in telecommunication; Thesaurus Term: Telephone systems; Thesaurus Term: Television broadcasting; Thesaurus Term: Radio (Medium); Thesaurus Term: Telecommunication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Globalization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long Term Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mobile communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Special issues and sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wireless communication; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515111 Radio Networks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811213 Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515120 Television Broadcasting; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7060476
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=101734047&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Yuru
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - Agui, Juan
T1  - Developing a Lightweight Martian Soil Simulant for a High-Sinkage Mobility Test.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The geotechnical properties of Martian soils are critical parameters in predicting and simulating soil behavior with regard to vehicle performance on Mars. In preparation for manned or robotic missions to Mars, surface vehicles must be tested on terrains that represent the mechanical characteristics of the Martian ground. This paper presents the development of a lightweight simulant and its preparation method to emulate the mechanical properties of Martian soil for high sinkage mobility tests. A geotechnical testing program was developed to measure specific gravity, particle size distribution, bulk density, compression indices and shear strength. The simulant can achieve the typical Martian regolith density range, which is approximately 38% of that on earth. This is of particular importance because strength parameters of granular materials, which characterize the plastic behavior of soil samples in sinkage tests, are controlled by the effective confining pressure, which itself is induced by gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SOILS
KW  - GEOTECHNICAL engineering
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - REGOLITH
N1  - Accession Number: 101024521; Source Information: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: GEOTECHNICAL engineering; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000377
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=101024521&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
AU  - Lee-Rausch, E. M.
T1  - NASA Trapezoidal Wing Computations Including Transition and Advanced Turbulence Modeling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 496
EP  - 509
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Flow about the NASA trapezoidal wing is computed with several turbulence models by using grids from the first high-lift prediction workshop in an effort to advance understanding of computational fluid dynamics modeling for this type of flowfield. Transition is accounted for in many of the computations. In particular, a recently developed four-equation transition model is used and works well overall. Accounting for transition tends to increase lift and decrease moment, which improves agreement with the experiment. Upper surface flap separation is reduced, and agreement with experimental surface pressures and velocity profiles is improved. The predicted shape of wakes from upstream elements is strongly influenced by grid resolution in regions above the main and flap elements. Turbulence model enhancements to account for rotation and curvature have the general effect of increasing lift and improving the resolution of the wing-tip vortex as it convects downstream. However, none of the models improve the prediction of flap surface pressures near the wing tip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes) -- Research
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 102200072; Source Information: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p496; Subject Term: TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes) -- Research; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL aerodynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032754
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=102200072&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gould, Kevin
AU  - Lovejoy, Andrew E.
AU  - Jegley, Dawn
AU  - Neal, Albert L.
AU  - Linton, Kim A.
AU  - Bergan, Andrew C.
AU  - Bakuckas Jr, John G.
T1  - Nonlinear Analysis and Experimental Behavior of a Curved Unitized Stitched Panel.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 628
EP  - 637
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept, developed by The Boeing Company, has been extensively studied as part of NASA's environmentally responsible aviation project. The pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept provides a lightweight alternative to aluminum or traditional composite design concepts and is applicable to traditional-shaped fuselage barrels and wings, as well as advanced configurations such as a hybrid wing-body or truss-braced wings. Therefore, NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and The Boeing Company partnered in an effort to assess the performance and damage arrestments capabilities of the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept by testing a full-scale curved panel in the Federal Aviation Administration full-scale aircraft structural test evaluation and research facility. Testing was conducted in this facility by subjecting the panel to axial tension loads applied to the ends of the panel, internal pressure, and combined axial tension and internal pressure loadings. Additionally, reactive hoop loads were applied to the skin and frames of the panel along its edges. The panel successfully supported the required design loads in the pristine condition and with a severed stiffener. The panel also demonstrated that the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept could arrest the progression of damage, including crack arrestment and crack turning. This paper presents the nonlinear posttest analysis and correlation with test results for the curved pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure panel. It is shown that nonlinear analysis can accurately calculate the behavior of this panel under tension, pressure, and combined loading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - AIRFRAMES -- Research
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames -- Research
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 102200083; Source Information: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p628; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES -- Research; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames -- Research; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032808
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=102200083&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Ulbrich, Norbert M.
AU  - Harris, Colin P.
T1  - Experimental Design Considerations for Calibration of Semispan Force Measurement Systems.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 638
EP  - 649
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Experimental design considerations for the development of calibration load schedules are discussed for the characterization of traditional five-component semispan balances used in aerodynamic ground testing applications. Detail is given on traditional semispan balance design, use of these types of balances, and a survey of some of the calibration systems currently used to calibrate these measurement systems. Techniques are presented to develop experimental calibration designs used to calibrate these instruments, with consideration given to accounting for physical limitations existing within these calibration systems. The techniques provided rely on traditional statistical engineering approaches, leveraging off of statistics-based experimental design techniques and analysis metrics used to assess the characteristics of the designs. Methods used for optimal design techniques are presented, with a case study given that details the comparison of these statistics-based metrics for traditional and optimized calibration load schedule designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics) -- Research
KW  - CALIBRATION -- Research
KW  - FLUID dynamics -- Research
KW  - FLIGHT testing
N1  - Accession Number: 102200084; Source Information: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p638; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics) -- Research; Subject Term: CALIBRATION -- Research; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032811
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=102200084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allen, Albert R.
AU  - Przekop, Adam
T1  - Vibroacoustic Tailoring of a Rod-Stiffened Composite Fuselage Panel with Multidisciplinary Considerations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 692
EP  - 702
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An efficient multi-objective design tailoring procedure seeking to improve the vibroacoustic performance of a fuselage panel while maintaining or reducing weight is presented. The structure considered is the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure, a highly integrated composite structure concept designed for a noncylindrical, next-generation flight vehicle fuselage. Modifications to a baseline design are evaluated within a six-parameter design space including spacing, flange width, and web height for both frame and stringer substructure components. The change in sound power radiation attributed to a design change is predicted using finite-element models sized and meshed for analyses in the 500 Hz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz octave bands. Three design studies are carried out in parallel while considering a diffuse acoustic field excitation and two types of turbulent boundary-layer excitation. Kriging surrogate models are used to reduce the computational costs of resolving the vibroacoustic and weight objective Pareto fronts. The resulting Pareto optimal designs are then evaluated under a static pressurization ultimate load to assess structural strength and stability. Results suggest that choosing alternative configurations within the considered design space can reduce weight and improve vibroacoustic performance without compromising strength and stability of the structure under the static load condition considered, but the tradeoffs are significantly influenced by the spatial characteristics of the assumed excitation field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage -- Research
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - DEAD loads (Mechanics)
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 102200089; Source Information: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p692; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage -- Research; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: DEAD loads (Mechanics); Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033071
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loughman, R.
AU  - Flittner, D.
AU  - Nyaku, E.
AU  - Bhartia, P. K.
T1  - Gauss-Seidel limb scattering (GSLS) radiative transfer model development in support of the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) limb profiler mission.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/03/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3007
EP  - 3020
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Gauss-Seidel limb scattering (GSLS) radiative transfer (RT) model simulates the transfer of solar radiation through the atmosphere and is imbedded in the retrieval algorithm used to process data from the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) limb profiler (LP), which was launched on the Suomi NPP satellite in October 2011. A previous version of this model has been compared with several other limb scattering RT models in previous studies, including Siro, MCC++, CDIPI, LIMBTRAN, SASKTRAN, VECTOR, and McSCIA. To address deficiencies in the GSLS radiance calculations revealed in earlier comparisons, several recent changes have been added that improve the accuracy and flexibility of the GSLS model, including 1. improved treatment of the variation of the extinction coefficient with altitude, both within atmospheric layers and above the nominal top of the atmosphere; 2. addition of multiple-scattering source function calculations at multiple solar zenith angles along the line of sight (LOS); 3. introduction of variable surface properties along the limb LOS, with minimal effort required to add variable atmospheric properties along the LOS as well; 4. addition of the ability to model multiple aerosol types within the model atmosphere. The model improvements 1 and 2 are verified by comparison to previously published results (using standard radiance tables whenever possible), demonstrating significant improvement in cases for which previous versions of the GSLS model performed poorly. The single-scattered radiance errors that were as high as 4 % in earlier studies are now generally reduced to 0.3%, while total radiance errors generally decline from 10 % to 1-3 %. In all cases, the tangent height dependence of the GSLS radiance error is greatly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Seidel theory
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Flexibility (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 101901769; Loughman, R. 1; Email Address: robert.loughman@hamptonu.edu; Flittner, D. 2; Nyaku, E. 1; Bhartia, P. K. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p3007; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Seidel theory; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Flexibility (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-3007-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dawson, K. W.
AU  - Meskhidze, N.
AU  - Josset, D.
AU  - Gassó, S.
T1  - Spaceborne observations of the lidar ratio of marine aerosols.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/03/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3241
EP  - 3255
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Retrievals of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite sensor require the assumption of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio, also known as the lidar ratio. This paper evaluates a new method to calculate the lidar ratio of marine aerosols using two independent sources: the AOD from the Synergized Optical Depth of Aerosols (SODA) project and the integrated attenuated backscatter from CALIOP. With this method, the particulate lidar ratio can be derived for individual CALIOP retrievals in single aerosol layer, cloud-free columns over the ocean. Global analyses are carried out using CALIOP level 2, 5 km marine aerosol layer products and the collocated SODA nighttime data from December 2007 to November 2010. The global mean lidar ratio for marine aerosols was found to be 26 sr, roughly 30% higher than the current value prescribed by the CALIOP standard retrieval algorithm. Data analysis also showed considerable spatiotemporal variability in the calculated lidar ratio over the remote oceans. The calculated marine aerosol lidar ratio is found to vary with the mean ocean surface wind speed (U10). An increase in U10 reduces the mean lidar ratio for marine regions from 32 ± 17 sr (for 0 < U10 < 4 m s-1) to 22 ± 7sr (for U10 > 15 m s-1). Such changes in the lidar ratio are expected to have a corresponding effect on the marine AOD from CALIOP. The outcomes of this study are relevant for future improvements of the SODA and CALIOP operational product and could lead to more accurate retrievals of marine AOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chemical oceanography
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Space-based radar
KW  - Spatiotemporal processes
N1  - Accession Number: 101901784; Dawson, K. W. 1; Meskhidze, N. 1; Email Address: nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu; Josset, D. 2,3; Gassó, S. 4; Affiliations: 1: Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc./NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, USA; 4: GESTAR/Morgan State University, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p3241; Thesaurus Term: Chemical oceanography; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Space-based radar; Subject Term: Spatiotemporal processes; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-3241-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fytterer, T.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Nieder, H.
AU  - Pérot, K.
AU  - Sinnhuber, M.
AU  - Stiller, G.
AU  - Urban, J.
T1  - Energetic particle induced intra-seasonal variability of ozone inside the Antarctic polar vortex observed in satellite data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/03/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3327
EP  - 3338
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Measurements from 2002 to 2011 by three independent satellite instruments, namely MIPAS, SABER, and SMR on board the ENVISAT, TIMED, and Odin satellites are used to investigate the intra-seasonal variability of stratospheric and mesospheric O3 volume mixing ratio (vmr) inside the Antarctic polar vortex due to solar and geomagnetic activity. In this study, we individually analysed the relative O3 vmr variations between maximum and minimum conditions of a number of solar and geomagnetic indices (F10.7 cm solar radio flux, Ap index, ≥2 MeV electron flux). The indices are 26-day averages centred at 1 April, 1 May, and 1 June while O3 is based on 26-day running means from 1 April to 1 November at altitudes from 20 to 70 km. During solar quiet time from 2005 to 2010, the composite of all three instruments reveals an apparent negative O3 signal associated to the geomagnetic activity (Ap index) around 1 April, on average reaching amplitudes between --5 and -- 10% of the respective O3 background. The O3 response exceeds the significance level of 95 % and propagates downwards throughout the polar winter from the stratopause down to ~ 25 km. These observed results are in good qualitative agreement with the O3 vmr pattern simulated with a threedimensional chemistry-transport model, which includes particle impact ionisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Solar energetic particles
KW  - Madden-Julian oscillation
KW  - Polar vortex
KW  - Antarctica -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 101901789; Fytterer, T. 1; Email Address: tilo.fytterer@kit.edu; Mlynczak, M. G. 2; Nieder, H. 1; Pérot, K. 3; Sinnhuber, M. 1; Stiller, G. 1; Urban, J. 3; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; 2: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Goteborg, Sweden; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p3327; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Subject Term: Solar energetic particles; Subject Term: Madden-Julian oscillation; Subject Term: Polar vortex; Subject Term: Antarctica -- Environmental conditions; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-3327-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Monks, S. A.
AU  - Arnold, S. R.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Law, K. S.
AU  - Turquety, S.
AU  - Duncan, B. N.
AU  - Flemming, J.
AU  - Huijnen, V.
AU  - Tilmes, S.
AU  - Langner, J.
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Long, Y.
AU  - Thomas, J. L.
AU  - Steenrod, S. D.
AU  - Raut, J. C.
AU  - Wilson, C.
AU  - Chipperfield, M. P.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Schlager, H.
T1  - Multi-model study of chemical and physical controls on transport of anthropogenic and biomass burning pollution to the Arctic.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/03/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3575
EP  - 3603
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Using observations from aircraft, surface stations and a satellite instrument, we comprehensively evaluate multi-model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O3) in the Arctic and over lower latitude emission regions, as part of the POLARCAT Model Intercomparison Project (POLMIP). Evaluation of 11-atmospheric models with chemistry shows that they generally underestimate CO throughout the Arctic troposphere, with the largest biases found during winter and spring. Negative CO biases are also found throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with multi-model mean gross errors (9-12%) suggesting models perform similarly over Asia, North America and Europe. A multi-model annual mean tropospheric OH (10.8 ± 0.6 × 105 molec cm-3) is found to be slightly higher than previous estimates of OH constrained by methyl chloroform, suggesting negative CO biases in models may be improved through better constraints on OH. Models that have lower Arctic OH do not always show a substantial improvement in their negative CO biases, suggesting that Arctic OH is not the dominant factor controlling the Arctic CO burden in these models. In addition to these general biases, models do not capture the magnitude of CO enhancements observed in the Arctic free troposphere in summer, suggesting model errors in the simulation of plumes that are transported from anthropogenic and biomass burning sources at lower latitudes. O3 in the Arctic is also generally underestimated, particularly at the surface and in the upper troposphere. Summer O3 comparisons over lower latitudes show several models overestimate upper tropospheric concentrations. Simulated CO, O3 and OH all demonstrate a substantial degree of inter-model variability. Idealised CO-like tracers are used to quantitatively compare the impact of inter-model differences in transport and OH on CO in the Arctic troposphere. The tracers show that model differences in transport from Europe in winter and from Asia throughout the year are important sources of model variability at Barrow. Unlike transport, inter-model variability in OH similarly affects all regional tracers at Barrow. Comparisons of fixed-lifetime and OH-loss idealised CO-like tracers throughout the Arctic troposphere show that OH differences are a much larger source of inter-model variability than transport differences. Model OH concentrations are correlated with H2O concentrations, suggesting water vapour concentrations are linked to differences in simulated concentrations of CO and OH at high latitudes in these simulations. Despite inter-model differences in transport and OH, the relative contributions from the different source regions (North America, Europe and Asia) and different source types (anthropogenic and biomass burning) are comparable across the models. Fire emissions from the boreal regions in 2008 contribute 33, 43 and 19 % to the total Arctic CO-like tracer in spring, summer and autumn, respectively, highlighting the importance of boreal fire emissions in controlling pollutant burdens in the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Trichloroethane
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Water vapor
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 101901804; Monks, S. A. 1,2,3; Email Address: s.a.monks@leeds.ac.uk; Arnold, S. R. 1; Emmons, L. K. 4; Law, K. S. 5; Turquety, S. 6; Duncan, B. N. 7; Flemming, J. 8; Huijnen, V. 9; Tilmes, S. 4; Langner, J. 10; Mao, J. 11; Long, Y. 6; Thomas, J. L. 5; Steenrod, S. D. 7; Raut, J. C. 5; Wilson, C. 1; Chipperfield, M. P. 1; Diskin, G. S. 12; Weinheimer, A. 4; Schlager, H. 13; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Université Versailles St-Quentin, CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, Paris, France; 6: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS, UMR8539, 91128 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA; 8: European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasting, Reading, UK; 9: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands; 10: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, 60176 Norrköping, Sweden; 11: Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; 12: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 13: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p3575; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Trichloroethane; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Water vapor; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 14 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-3575-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, W.
AU  - Baize, R. R.
AU  - Lukashin, C.
AU  - Hu, Y.
T1  - Deriving polarization properties of desert-reflected solar spectra with PARASOL data.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/03/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 8525
EP  - 8564
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Highlights: 1. Spectral polarization state of reflected solar radiation is needed in correcting satellite data. 2. An algorithm for deriving spectral polarization state of solar light from desert is reported. 3. PARASOL data at 3 polarized channels are used in deriving polarization of whole spectra. 4. Desert-reflected solar ligh's polarization state at any wavelength can be obtained. One of the major objectives of the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) is to conduct highly accurate spectral observations to provide an on-orbit inter-calibration standard for relevant Earth observing sensors with various channels. To calibrate an Earth observing sensor's measurements with the highly accurate data from the CLARREO, errors in the measurements caused by the sensor's sensitivity to the polarization state of light must be corrected. For correction of the measurement errors due to the light's polarization, both the instrument's dependence to incidence's polarization status and the on-orbit knowledge of polarization state of light as function of observed scene type, viewing geometry, and solar wavelength, are required. In this study, an algorithm for deriving spectral polarization state of solar light from desert is reported. The desert/bare land surface is assumed to be composed of two types of areas: fine sand grains with diffuse reflection (Lambertian non-polarizer) and quartz-rich sand particles with facets of various orientations (specular-reflection polarizer). The adding-doubling radiative transfer model (ADRTM) is applied to integrate the atmospheric absorption and scattering in the system. Empirical models are adopted in obtaining the diffuse spectral reflectance of sands and the optical depth of the dust aerosols over the desert. The ratio of non-polarizer area to polarizer area and the angular distribution of the facet orientations are determined by fitting the modeled polarization states of light to the measurements at 3 polarized channels (490, 670, and 865 nm) by the Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science instrument coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL). Based on this physical model of surface, desert-reflected solar light's polarization state at any wavelength in the whole solar spectra can be calculated with the ADRTM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Solar spectra
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 101900605; Sun, W. 1; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov; Baize, R. R. 2; Lukashin, C. 2; Hu, Y. 2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p8525; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Solar spectra; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Optical polarization; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-8525-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Hongbin
AU  - Chin, Mian
AU  - Bian, Huisheng
AU  - Yuan, Tianle
AU  - Prospero, Joseph M.
AU  - Omar, Ali H.
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Yang, Yuekui
AU  - Zhang, Yan
AU  - Zhang, Zhibo
T1  - Quantification of trans-Atlantic dust transport from seven-year (2007–2013) record of CALIPSO lidar measurements.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/03/15/
VL  - 159
M3  - Article
SP  - 232
EP  - 249
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The trans-Atlantic dust transport has important implications for human and ecosystem health, the terrestrial and oceanic biogeochemical cycle, weather systems, and climate. This study provides an observation-based multiyear estimate of trans-Atlantic dust transport using a 7-year (2007–2013) record of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) measurements of the three dimensional distribution of aerosol backscatter, extinction and depolarization ratio in both cloud-free and above-cloud conditions. We estimate that on a basis of the 7-year average and integration over 10°S–30°N, 182 Tg a − 1 dust leaves the coast of North Africa at 15°W, of which 132 Tg a − 1 and 43 Tg a − 1 reaches 35°W and 75°W, respectively. These flux estimates have an overall known uncertainty of ±(45–70)%. Because of lack of reliable observations, uncertainties associated with the diurnal variation of dust and the missing below-cloud dust cannot be quantified. Significant seasonal variations are observed in both the magnitude of total dust mass flux and its meridional and vertical distributions. The interannual variability of annual dust mass flux is highly anti-correlated with the prior-year Sahel Precipitation Index. Using only cloud-free aerosol observations to calculate dust mass flux could introduce a high bias when compared with all-sky conditions that include both cloud-free and above-cloud aerosol observations. The bias is about 20% at 35°W and 75°W in boreal winter and spring based on the 7-year average, as long as dust within and below low-level clouds is negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Dust
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles
KW  - Ecosystem health
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Sahel
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Transport
N1  - Accession Number: 101411389; Yu, Hongbin 1,2; Email Address: Hongbin.Yu@nasa.gov; Chin, Mian 2; Bian, Huisheng 2,3; Yuan, Tianle 2,3; Prospero, Joseph M. 4; Omar, Ali H. 5; Remer, Lorraine A. 3; Winker, David M. 5; Yang, Yuekui 2,6; Zhang, Yan 2,6; Zhang, Zhibo 7; Affiliations: 1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 2: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: Joint Center for Earth Science and Technology, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 4: Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 7: Department of Physics, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; Issue Info: Mar2015, Vol. 159, p232; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemical cycles; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystem health; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject: Sahel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, E. E.
T1  - Methane as a diagnostic tracer of changes in the Brewer-Dobson circulation of the stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3739
EP  - 3754
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - This study makes use of time series of methane (CH4/ data from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) to detect whether there were any statistically significant changes of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) within the stratosphere during 1992-2005. The HALOE CH4 profiles are in terms of mixing ratio versus pressure altitude and are binned into latitude zones within the Southern Hemisphere and the Northern Hemisphere. Their separate time series are then analyzed using multiple linear regression (MLR) techniques. The CH4 trend terms for the Northern Hemisphere are significant and positive at 10° N from 50 to 7 hPa and larger than the tropospheric CH4 trends of about 3% decade 1 from 20 to 7 hPa. At 60°N the trends are clearly negative from 20 to 7 hPa. Their combined trends indicate an acceleration of the BDC in the middle stratosphere of the Northern Hemisphere during those years, most likely due to changes from the effects of wave activity. No similar significant BDC acceleration is found for the Southern Hemisphere. Trends from HALOE H2O are analyzed for consistency. Their mutual trends with CH4 are anti-correlated qualitatively in the middle and upper stratosphere, where CH4 is chemically oxidized to H2O. Conversely, their mutual trends in the lower stratosphere are dominated by their trends upon entry to the tropical stratosphere. Time series residuals for CH4 in the lower mesosphere also exhibit structures that are anti-correlated in some instances with those of the tracer-like species HCl. Their occasional aperiodic structures indicate the effects of transport following episodic, wintertime wave activity. It is concluded that observed multi-year, zonally averaged distributions of CH4 can be used to diagnose major instances of wave-induced transport in the middle atmosphere and to detect changes in the stratospheric BDC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Halogens
KW  - Time series analysis
KW  - Occultations (Astronomy)
KW  - Mixing ratio (Atmospheric chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 102231873; Remsberg, E. E. 1; Email Address: ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p3739; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Halogens; Subject Term: Time series analysis; Subject Term: Occultations (Astronomy); Subject Term: Mixing ratio (Atmospheric chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-3739-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102231873&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fereres, Sonia
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, Carlos
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
T1  - Identifying the roles of reduced gravity and pressure on the piloted ignition of solid combustibles.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 162
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1136
EP  - 1143
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The influence of environmental conditions on solid fuel ignition is of particular interest in spacecraft fire safety because of the large difference in environments between a spacecraft and earth (low gravity, low gas flow velocities, low pressure, elevated oxygen concentration). Considering that fire safety is essential when dealing with spacecraft vehicles, where space is confined and egress is difficult or almost impossible, low gravity fire initiation has a prominent importance. In addition to microgravity, low cabin pressure may further decrease the convective heat losses from the solid, leading to a faster heating of the materials and therefore raising the fire hazard on board. A numerical model developed with the CFD code Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used to analyze the effect of reduced gravity and ambient pressure on the transport processes taking place in the piloted ignition of an externally irradiated solid fuel. The model simultaneously solves the gas phase and solid phase conservation equations, using a one-step second order Arrhenius reaction rate for the gas phase kinetics and a one-step global Arrhenius reaction rate for the solid phase decomposition. The transition from an incipient premixed reaction at the pilot to the establishment of a self-sustained diffusion flame anchored on the solid fuel surface is analyzed and described in detail and compared for several cases of reduced pressure and gravity. The influence of these parameters on the ignition delay time and the mass flux at ignition is also calculated and compared to experiments at 1 g for a range of sub-atmospheric pressures. The results show that reduced pressure and reduced gravity have similar effects on the piloted ignition of a solid fuel in low velocity flows, indicating that heating and pyrolysis of the solid are the primary mechanisms in the process. The results of this work may guide in the selection of materials in future space exploration vehicles and indicate when microgravity testing may be substituted by reduced ambient pressure conditions to analyze their ignition properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Flammable materials
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Solid fuel reactors
KW  - Ignition temperature
KW  - Gas phase reactions
KW  - Low pressure
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Piloted ignition
KW  - Reduced gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 101498444; Fereres, Sonia 1; Email Address: sonia.fereres@research.abengoa.com; Fernandez-Pello, Carlos 2; Urban, David L. 3; Ruff, Gary A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Abengoa Research, c/Energia Solar 1, Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla, Spain; 2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 60A Hesse Hall, Mailstop 1740, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44256, USA; Issue Info: Apr2015, Vol. 162 Issue 4, p1136; Thesaurus Term: Flammable materials; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Solid fuel reactors; Subject Term: Ignition temperature; Subject Term: Gas phase reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piloted ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced gravity; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.10.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=101498444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rose, Robert A.
AU  - Byler, Dirck
AU  - Eastman, J. Ron
AU  - Fleishman, Erica
AU  - Geller, Gary
AU  - Goetz, Scott
AU  - Guild, Liane
AU  - Hamilton, Healy
AU  - Hansen, Matt
AU  - Headley, Rachel
AU  - Hewson, Jennifer
AU  - Horning, Ned
AU  - Kaplin, Beth A.
AU  - Laporte, Nadine
AU  - Leidner, Allison
AU  - Leimgruber, Peter
AU  - Morisette, Jeffrey
AU  - Musinsky, John
AU  - Pintea, Lilian
AU  - Prados, Ana
T1  - Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation.
JO  - Conservation Biology
JF  - Conservation Biology
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 350
EP  - 359
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 08888892
AB  - In an effort to increase conservation effectiveness through the use of Earth observation technologies, a group of remote sensing scientists affiliated with government and academic institutions and conservation organizations identified 10 questions in conservation for which the potential to be answered would be greatly increased by use of remotely sensed data and analyses of those data. Our goals were to increase conservation practitioners' use of remote sensing to support their work, increase collaboration between the conservation science and remote sensing communities, identify and develop new and innovative uses of remote sensing for advancing conservation science, provide guidance to space agencies on how future satellite missions can support conservation science, and generate support from the public and private sector in the use of remote sensing data to address the 10 conservation questions. We identified a broad initial list of questions on the basis of an email chain-referral survey. We then used a workshop-based iterative and collaborative approach to whittle the list down to these final questions (which represent 10 major themes in conservation): How can global Earth observation data be used to model species distributions and abundances? How can remote sensing improve the understanding of animal movements? How can remotely sensed ecosystem variables be used to understand, monitor, and predict ecosystem response and resilience to multiple stressors? How can remote sensing be used to monitor the effects of climate on ecosystems? How can near real-time ecosystem monitoring catalyze threat reduction, governance and regulation compliance, and resource management decisions? How can remote sensing inform configuration of protected area networks at spatial extents relevant to populations of target species and ecosystem services? How can remote sensing-derived products be used to value and monitor changes in ecosystem services? How can remote sensing be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts? How does the expansion and intensification of agriculture and aquaculture alter ecosystems and the services they provide? How can remote sensing be used to determine the degree to which ecosystems are being disturbed or degraded and the effects of these changes on species and ecosystem functions? (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Diez Maneras en que la Detección Remota Puede Contribuir a la Conservación Resumen En un esfuerzo por incrementar la efectividad de la conservación por medio del uso de las tecnologías de observación de la Tierra, un grupo de científicos de detección remota afiliados con instituciones académicas y gubernamentales y con organizaciones de conservación, identificaron diez preguntas de conservación para las cuales el potencial de ser respondidas se ampliaría al usar datos de detección remota y el análisis de esos datos. Nuestros objetivos fueron incrementar el uso de detección remota por parte de quienes practican la conservación para apoyar su trabajo, incrementar la colaboración entre las comunidades de la ciencia de la conservación y la de detección remota, identificar y desarrollar usos nuevos e innovadores de la detección remota para avanzar en la ciencia de la conservación, proporcionar dirección a las agencias espaciales sobre cómo misiones satelitales futuras pueden apoyar a la ciencia de la conservación, y generar apoyo del sector privado y del público para el uso de datos detección remota para dirigirnos a las diez preguntas de conservación. Identificamos una lista inicial amplia de preguntas con base en una encuesta de correos electrónicos en cadena. Después usamos una estrategia colaborativa e iterativa basada en un taller de trabajo para reducir la lista a estas preguntas finales (que representan diez temas relevantes en conservación): ¿Cómo puede usarse la observación global de la Tierra para modelar la abundancia y distribución de las especies? ¿Cómo puede mejorar la detección remota el entendimiento de los movimientos animales? ¿Cómo pueden usarse las variables de los ecosistemas detectados a distancia para entender, monitorear y predecir las respuestas ambientales y la resiliencia a estresantes múltiples? ¿Cómo puede usarse la detección remota para monitorear los efectos del clima sobre los ecosistemas? ¿Cómo puede el monitoreo ambiental en casi tiempo real catalizar la reducción, de amenazas, la gobernación y el cumplimiento de las regulaciones, y las decisiones sobre manejo de recursos? ¿Cómo puede la detección remota informar a la configuración de redes de áreas protegidas en extensiones espaciales relevantes para las poblaciones de especies clave y servicios ambientales? ¿Cómo pueden usarse los productos derivados de la detección remota para monitorear y evaluar la efectividad de los esfuerzos de conservación? ¿Cómo altera la expansión e intensificación de la agricultura y la acuacultura a los ecosistemas y a los servicios que proporcionan? ¿Cómo puede usarse la detección remota para determinar el grado al que los ecosistemas se están degradando y perturbando y los efectos de estos cambios sobre las especies y las funciones de los ecosistemas? (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Conservation of natural resources -- Research
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Nature conservation
KW  - Artificial satellites
KW  - applied research
KW  - biodiversidad
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - investigación aplicada
KW  - marco de prioridad
KW  - priority setting
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - teledetección
N1  - Accession Number: 101556788; Rose, Robert A. 1; Byler, Dirck 2; Eastman, J. Ron 3; Fleishman, Erica 4; Geller, Gary 5; Goetz, Scott 6; Guild, Liane 7; Hamilton, Healy 8; Hansen, Matt 9; Headley, Rachel 10; Hewson, Jennifer 11; Horning, Ned 12; Kaplin, Beth A. 13; Laporte, Nadine 6; Leidner, Allison 14; Leimgruber, Peter 15; Morisette, Jeffrey 16; Musinsky, John 17; Pintea, Lilian 18; Prados, Ana 19; Affiliations: 1: Wildlife Conservation Society, Conservation Support; 2: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, International Affairs; 3: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University; 4: John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California; 5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 6: The Woods Hole Research Center; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, P.O. Box 1; 8: NatureServe; 9: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland; 10: (Former) Science Support, Landsat Project-U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center; 11: Conservation International; 12: American Museum of Natural History; 13: Department of Environmental Studies, Antioch University New England; 14: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Earth Science Division; 15: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Conservation Ecology Center; 16: U.S. Geological Survey, North Central Climate Science Center; 17: National Ecological Observatory Network; 18: The Jane Goodall Institute, 1595 Spring Hill Road; 19: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County; Issue Info: Apr2015, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p350; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Conservation of natural resources -- Research; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Nature conservation; Subject Term: Artificial satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: applied research; Author-Supplied Keyword: biodiversidad; Author-Supplied Keyword: biodiversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: investigación aplicada; Author-Supplied Keyword: marco de prioridad; Author-Supplied Keyword: priority setting; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: teledetección; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/cobi.12397
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=101556788&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hultquist, G.
AU  - Graham, M.J.
AU  - Smialek, J.L.
AU  - Jönsson, B.
T1  - Hydrogen in metals studied by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS).
JO  - Corrosion Science
JF  - Corrosion Science
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 324
EP  - 326
SN  - 0010938X
AB  - This short communication presents Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) of hydrogen desorption from various metals and alloys [Au, Pd, Cu, Ni, Zr, Y, stainless steel and ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) alloy] after long-term exposure (up to 20 years) to ambient humid air at room-temperature. Of the metals studied only gold does not contain a measurable level of hydrogen. For polycrystalline metals there is a strong correlation between the amount of hydrogen in the metal and the tendency for oxidation of the metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Corrosion Science is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Thermal desorption
KW  - Metals -- Hydrogen content
KW  - Gold alloys
KW  - Stainless steel
KW  - Effect of temperature on metals
KW  - Polycrystals
KW  - A. Copper
KW  - C. Hydrogen absorption
KW  - C. Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 101017853; Hultquist, G. 1; Email Address: gunnarh@kth.se; Graham, M.J. 2; Smialek, J.L. 3; Jönsson, B. 4; Affiliations: 1: Surface and Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; 2: Aerospace, National Research Council, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada; 3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 4: Sandvik Heating Technology AB, Strategic Business Development, SE-734 27 Hallstahammar, Sweden; Issue Info: Apr2015, Vol. 93, p324; Thesaurus Term: Thermal desorption; Subject Term: Metals -- Hydrogen content; Subject Term: Gold alloys; Subject Term: Stainless steel; Subject Term: Effect of temperature on metals; Subject Term: Polycrystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Hydrogen absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=101017853&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lohn, Jason D.
AU  - Linden, Derek S.
AU  - Blevins, Bruce
AU  - Greenling, Thomas
AU  - Allard, Mark R.
T1  - Automated Synthesis of a Lunar Satellite Antenna System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2015/04//Apr2015 Part 1
Y1  - 2015/04//Apr2015 Part 1
VL  - 63
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1436
EP  - 1444
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - In recent years, spacecraft requirements have trended toward smaller, lighter, and less expensive systems with more capabilities. At the same time, demands on the communication systems have increased, including faster data rates, lower power budgets, reduced system volume, and smaller link margins. The combination of these factors has posed numerous engineering challenges for antenna system designers, often forming complex tradeoffs among design parameters such as bandwidth, pattern control, beamwidth, and antenna size. In this paper, we show how a challenging set of antenna requirements were met for NASA’s recent LADEE mission. We focus on the difficulties inherent in the requirements for both omnidirectional and medium gain antennas, both in S-band. We present techniques used to develop a requirements-compliant system based on our research in antenna synthesis methods. Compared to the conventional antennas considered by NASA for the mission, the antennas we developed yielded 65% increased downlink coverage and 44% cost savings for the mission. The deployed flight antennas were the only antennas on the mission and performed above expectations during the 8-month mission, which concluded in April 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics) -- Research
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - OMNIDIRECTIONAL antennas
N1  - Accession Number: 102086998; Source Information: Apr2015 Part 1, Vol. 63 Issue 4, p1436; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics) -- Research; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: OMNIDIRECTIONAL antennas; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2015.2404332
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ancel, Ersin
AU  - Shih, Ann T.
AU  - Jones, Sharon M.
AU  - Reveley, Mary S.
AU  - Luxhøj, James T.
AU  - Evans, Joni K.
T1  - Predictive safety analytics: inferring aviation accident shaping factors and causation.
JO  - Journal of Risk Research
JF  - Journal of Risk Research
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 428
EP  - 451
PB  - Routledge
SN  - 13669877
AB  - This paper illustrates the development of an object-oriented Bayesian network (OOBN) to integrate the safety risks contributing to an in-flight loss-of-control aviation accident. With the creation of a probabilistic model, inferences about changes to the states of the accident shaping or causal factors can be drawn quantitatively. These predictive safety inferences derive from qualitative reasoning to conclusions based on data, assumptions, and/or premises, and enable an analyst to identify the most prominent causal factors leading to a risk factor prioritization. Such an approach facilitates a mitigation portfolio study and assessment. The model also facilitates the computation of sensitivity values based on perturbations to the estimates in the conditional probability tables. Such computations lead to identifying the most sensitive causal factors with respect to an accident probability. This approach may lead to vulnerability discovery of emerging causal factors for which mitigations do not yet exist that then informs possible future R&D efforts. To illustrate the benefits of an OOBN in a large and complex aviation accident model, the in-flight loss-of-control accident framework model is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Risk Research is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aeronautics -- Safety measures
KW  - Aircraft accidents
KW  - Causation (Philosophy)
KW  - Probability theory
KW  - Research & development
KW  - accident causation
KW  - aviation safety risk
KW  - object-oriented Bayesian network
N1  - Accession Number: 101644277; Ancel, Ersin 1; Shih, Ann T. 2; Jones, Sharon M. 2; Reveley, Mary S. 3; Luxhøj, James T. 4; Evans, Joni K. 5; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 4: Luxhøj Consulting and Research LLC, Somerset, NJ, USA; 5: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Apr2015, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p428; Subject Term: Aeronautics -- Safety measures; Subject Term: Aircraft accidents; Subject Term: Causation (Philosophy); Subject Term: Probability theory; Subject Term: Research & development; Author-Supplied Keyword: accident causation; Author-Supplied Keyword: aviation safety risk; Author-Supplied Keyword: object-oriented Bayesian network; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13669877.2014.896402
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gould, Alan1
AU  - Komatsu, Toshi1
AU  - DeVore, Edna2
AU  - Harman, Pamela2
AU  - Koch, David3
T1  - Kepler's Third Law and NASA's Kepler Mission.
JO  - Physics Teacher
JF  - Physics Teacher
J1  - Physics Teacher
PY  - 2015/04//
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
CP  - 4
M3  - Question & Answer
SP  - 201
EP  - 204
SN  - 0031921X
AB  - The article presents questions and answers related to astronomy including goals of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kepler Mission, mission's planet-finding technique and instrument used by the mission.
KW  - Planets
KW  - Kepler (Spacecraft)
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 101759274; Authors:Gould, Alan 1; Komatsu, Toshi 1; DeVore, Edna 2; Harman, Pamela 2; Koch, David 3; Affiliations:  1: Lawrence Hall of Science, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA;  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA;  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Subject: Kepler (Spacecraft); Subject: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject: Planets; Number of Pages: 4p; Record Type: Question & Answer
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eft
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Wyngarden, A. L.
AU  - Pérez-Montaño, S.
AU  - Bui, J. V. H.
AU  - Li, E. S. W.
AU  - Nelson, T. E.
AU  - Ha, K. T.
AU  - Leong, L.
AU  - Iraci, L. T.
T1  - Complex chemical composition of colored surface films formed from reactions of propanal in sulfuric acid at upper troposphere/lower stratosphere aerosol acidities.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/04/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 4225
EP  - 4239
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Particles in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) consist mostly of concentrated sulfuric acid (40-80 wt%) in water. However, airborne measurements have shown that these particles also contain a significant fraction of organic compounds of unknown chemical composition. Acid-catalyzed reactions of carbonyl species are believed to be responsible for significant transfer of gas phase organic species into tropospheric aerosols and are potentially more important at the high acidities characteristic of UT/LS particles. In this study, experiments combining sulfuric acid (H2SO4) with propanal and with mixtures of propanal with glyoxal and/or methylglyoxal at acidities typical of UT/LS aerosols produced highly colored surface films (and solutions) that may have implications for aerosol properties. In order to identify the chemical processes responsible for the formation of the surface films, attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies were used to analyze the chemical composition of the films. Films formed from propanal were a complex mixture of aldol condensation products, acetals and propanal itself. The major aldol condensation products were the dimer (2-methyl-2-pentenal) and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene that was formed by cyclization of the linear aldol condensation trimer. Additionally, the strong visible absorption of the films indicates that higher-order aldol condensation products must also be present as minor species. The major acetal species were 2,4,6-triethyl-1,3,5-trioxane and longer-chain linear polyacetals which are likely to separate from the aqueous phase. Films formed on mixtures of propanal with glyoxal and/or methylglyoxal also showed evidence of products of cross-reactions. Since cross-reactions would be more likely than self-reactions under atmospheric conditions, similar reactions of aldehydes like propanal with common aerosol organic species like glyoxal and methylglyoxal have the potential to produce significant organic aerosol mass and therefore could potentially impact chemical, optical and/or cloud-forming properties of aerosols, especially if the products partition to the aerosol surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Sulfuric acid
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Propionaldehyde
KW  - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
KW  - Chemical species
N1  - Accession Number: 102500105; Van Wyngarden, A. L. 1; Email Address: vanwyngarden@sjsu.edu; Pérez-Montaño, S. 1; Bui, J. V. H. 1; Li, E. S. W. 1; Nelson, T. E. 1; Ha, K. T. 1; Leong, L. 1; Iraci, L. T. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA; 2: Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 8, p4225; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Sulfuric acid; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Subject Term: Propionaldehyde; Subject Term: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Subject Term: Chemical species; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-4225-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - KATIE MCKISSICK National Aeronautics and Space Administration
T1  - Dark spots on the bright Sun.
JO  - Townsville Bulletin
JF  - Townsville Bulletin
J1  - Townsville Bulletin
PY  - 2015/04/21/
Y1  - 2015/04/21/
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
PB  - News Limited Australia
N1  - Accession Number: 9X9BULNEWSMMGLSTRY000125396892; Source Information: 04/21/2015; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - n5h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lau, R. M.
AU  - Herter, T. L.
AU  - Morris, M. R.
AU  - Li, Z.
AU  - Adams, J. D.
T1  - Old supernova dust factory revealed at the Galactic center.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/04/24/
VL  - 348
IS  - 6233
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 418
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article focuses on research examining the source of dust observed in the distant, early universe. It comments on the use of infrared observations of warm dust detected near the center of the Sagittarius A East supernova remnant (SNR) at the center of the Milky Way and detected the presence of dust within an older SNR that survived the passage of the reverse shock. It speculates supernova could be the primary dust-production mechanism in galaxies of the early universe.
KW  - Cosmic dust
KW  - Supernova remnants
KW  - Supernovae -- Research
KW  - Shock waves
KW  - Galaxies -- Research
KW  - Infrared astronomy
KW  - Sagittarius A* (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 102238515; Lau, R. M. 1; Email Address: ryanl@astro.cornell.edu; Herter, T. L. 1; Morris, M. R. 2; Li, Z. 3; Adams, J. D. 1,4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 3: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China; 4: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 4/24/2015, Vol. 348 Issue 6233, p413; Subject Term: Cosmic dust; Subject Term: Supernova remnants; Subject Term: Supernovae -- Research; Subject Term: Shock waves; Subject Term: Galaxies -- Research; Subject Term: Infrared astronomy; Subject Term: Sagittarius A* (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaa2208
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, David T.
AU  - Gruen, Danielle S.
AU  - Sherwood Lollar, Barbara
AU  - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe
AU  - Stewart, Lucy C.
AU  - Holden, James F.
AU  - Hristov, Alexander N.
AU  - Pohlman, John W.
AU  - Morrill, Penny L.
AU  - Könneke, Martin
AU  - Delwiche, Kyle B.
AU  - Reeves, Eoghan P.
AU  - Sutcliffe, Chelsea N.
AU  - Ritter, Daniel J.
AU  - Seewald, Jeffrey S.
AU  - McIntosh, Jennifer C.
AU  - Hemond, Harold F.
AU  - Kubo, Michael D.
AU  - Cardace, Dawn
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
T1  - Nonequilibrium clumped isotope signals in microbial methane.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/04/24/
VL  - 348
IS  - 6233
M3  - Article
SP  - 428
EP  - 431
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Methane is a key component in the global carbon cycle, with a wide range of anthropogenic and natural sources. Although isotopic compositions of methane have traditionally aided source identification, the abundance of its multiply substituted "clumped" isotopologues (for example, 13CH3D) has recently emerged as a proxy for determining methane-formation temperatures. However, the effect of biological processes on methane's clumped isotopologue signature is poorly constrained. We show that methanogenesis proceeding at relatively high rates in cattle, surface environments, and laboratory cultures exerts kinetic control on 13CH3D abundances and results in anomalously elevated formation-temperature estimates. We demonstrate quantitatively that H2 availability accounts for this effect. Clumped methane thermometry can therefore provide constraints on the generation of methane in diverse settings, including continental serpentinization sites and ancient, deep groundwaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Non-equilibrium reactions
KW  - Isotopes -- Research
KW  - Thermometry
KW  - Methane cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research
KW  - Kinetic control
N1  - Accession Number: 102238549; Wang, David T. 1,2; Gruen, Danielle S. 1,2; Sherwood Lollar, Barbara 3; Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe 4; Stewart, Lucy C. 5; Holden, James F. 5; Hristov, Alexander N. 6; Pohlman, John W. 7; Morrill, Penny L. 8; Könneke, Martin 4; Delwiche, Kyle B. 9; Reeves, Eoghan P. 1; Sutcliffe, Chelsea N. 3; Ritter, Daniel J. 10; Seewald, Jeffrey S. 2; McIntosh, Jennifer C. 10; Hemond, Harold F. 9; Kubo, Michael D. 11; Cardace, Dawn 12; Hoehler, Tori M. 11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 2: Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; 3: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada; 4: MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany; 5: Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; 6: Department Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; 7: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; 8: Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X5, Canada; 9: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 10: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 12: Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Issue Info: 4/24/2015, Vol. 348 Issue 6233, p428; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Subject Term: Non-equilibrium reactions; Subject Term: Isotopes -- Research; Subject Term: Thermometry; Subject Term: Methane cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research; Subject Term: Kinetic control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaa4326
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyer, Marit
AU  - Mulholland, George W.
AU  - Bryg, Victoria
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Yuan, Zeng-guang
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
AU  - Cleary, Thomas
AU  - Yang, Jiann
T1  - Smoke Characterization and Feasibility of the Moment Method for Spacecraft Fire Detection.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 309
SN  - 02786826
AB  - The Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) has been conducted twice by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and provided real-time aerosol data in a spacecraft micro-gravity environment. Flight experiment results have been recently analyzed with respect to comparable ground-based experiments. The ground tests included an electrical mobility analyzer as a reference instrument for measuring particle size distributions of the smoke produced from overheating five common spacecraft materials. Repeatable sample surface temperatures were obtained with the SAME ground-based hardware, and measurements were taken with the aerosol instruments returned from the International Space Station comprising two commercial smoke detectors, three aerosol instruments, which measure moments of the particle size distribution, and a thermal precipitator for collecting smoke particles for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moment averages from the particle number concentration (zeroth moment), the diameter concentration (first moment), and the mass concentration (third moment) allowed calculation of the count mean diameter and the diameter of average mass of smoke particles. Additional size distribution information, including geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviations, can be calculated if the particle size distribution is assumed to be lognormal. Both unaged and aged smoke particle size distributions from ground experiments were analyzed to determine the validity of lognormal assumption. Comparisons are made between flight experiment particle size distribution statistics generated by moment calculations and microscopy particle size distributions (using projected area equivalent diameter) from TEM grids, which have been returned to the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Thermal efficiency
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Fire detectors
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 102171179; Meyer, Marit 1; Mulholland, George W. 2,3; Bryg, Victoria 4; Urban, David L. 1; Yuan, Zeng-guang 4; Ruff, Gary A. 1; Cleary, Thomas 3; Yang, Jiann 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 2: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 3: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA; 4: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p299; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Thermal efficiency; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Fire detectors ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423620 Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414220 Household appliance merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2015.1025124
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulholland, George W.
AU  - Meyer, Marit
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
AU  - Yuan, Zeng-guang
AU  - Bryg, Victoria
AU  - Cleary, Thomas
AU  - Yang, Jiann
T1  - Pyrolysis Smoke Generated Under Low-Gravity Conditions.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 310
EP  - 321
SN  - 02786826
AB  - A series of smoke experiments were carried out in the Microgravity Science Glovebox on the International Space Station (ISS) Facility to assess the impact of low-gravity conditions on the properties of the smoke aerosol. The smokes were generated by heating five different materials commonly used in space vehicles. This study focuses on the effects of flow and heating temperature for low-gravity conditions on the pyrolysis rate, the smoke plume structure, the smoke yield, the average particle size, and particle structure. Low-gravity conditions allowed a unique opportunity to study the smoke plume for zero external flow without the complication of buoyancy. The diameter of average mass increased on average by a factor of 1.9 and the morphology of the smoke changed from agglomerate with flow to spherical at no flow for one material. The no flow case is an important scenario in spacecraft where smoke could be generated by the overheating of electronic components in confined spaces. From electron microcopy of samples returned to earth, it was found that the smoke can form an agglomerate shape as well as a spherical shape, which had previously been the assumed shape. A possible explanation for the shape of the smoke generated by each material is presented. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Glove boxes (Safety devices)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - International Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 102171180; Mulholland, George W. 1,2; Meyer, Marit 3; Urban, David L. 3; Ruff, Gary A. 3; Yuan, Zeng-guang 4; Bryg, Victoria 4; Cleary, Thomas 2; Yang, Jiann 2; Affiliations: 1: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 3: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 4: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p310; Thesaurus Term: Pyrolysis; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Glove boxes (Safety devices); Subject Term: Space vehicles ; Company/Entity: International Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2015.1025125
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, J.
AU  - Liu, H.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Chan, C.
AU  - Considine, D. B.
AU  - Zhang, Y.
AU  - Zheng, X.
AU  - Zhao, C.
AU  - Thouret, V.
AU  - Oltmans, S. J.
AU  - Liu, S. C.
AU  - Jones, D. B. A.
AU  - Steenrod, S. D.
AU  - Damon, M. R.
T1  - Origin of springtime ozone enhancements in the lower troposphere over Beijing: in situ measurements and model analysis.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 5161
EP  - 5179
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Ozone (O3) concentrations in the lower troposphere (LT) over Beijing have significantly increased over the past 2 decades as a result of rapid industrialization in China, with important implications for regional air quality and the photochemistry of the background troposphere. We characterize the vertical distribution of lower-tropospheric (0-6 km) O3 over Beijing using observations from 16 ozonesonde soundings during a field campaign in April-May 2005 and MOZAIC (Measurement of Ozone and Water Vapor by Airbus In-Service Aircraft) over 13 days in the same period. We focus on the origin of LT O3 enhancements observed over Beijing, particularly in May. We use a global 3-D chemistry and transport model (GEOS-Chem CTM; GEOS - Goddard Earth Observing System) driven by assimilated meteorological fields to examine the transport pathways for O3 pollution and to quantify the sources contributing to O3 and its enhancements in the springtime LT over Beijing. Output from the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) CTM is also used. High O3 concentrations (up to 94.7 ppbv) were frequently observed at the altitude of ~ 1.5-2 km. The CTMs captured the timing of the occurrences but significantly underestimated their magnitude. GEOS-Chem simulations and a case study showed that O3 produced in the Asian troposphere (especially from Asian anthropogenic pollution) made major contributions to the observed O3 enhancements. Contributions from anthropogenic pollution in the European and North American troposphere were reduced during these events, in contrast with days without O3 enhancements when contributions from Europe and North America were substantial. The O3 enhancements typically occurred under southerly wind and warmer conditions. It is suggested that an earlier onset of the Asian summer monsoon would cause more O3 enhancement events in the LT over the North China Plain in late spring and early summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Industrialization -- China
KW  - Beijing (China)
N1  - Accession Number: 102774547; Huang, J. 1; Liu, H. 1; Email Address: hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov; Crawford, J. H. 2; Chan, C. 3; Considine, D. B. 3,4; Zhang, Y. 5; Zheng, X. 6; Zhao, C. 7; Thouret, V. 8; Oltmans, S. J. 9,10; Liu, S. C. 11; Jones, D. B. A. 12; Steenrod, S. D. 13,14; Damon, M. R. 14,15; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, China; 4: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C., USA; 5: South China Institute of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; 6: Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China; 7: Department of Atmospheric Science, Peking University, Beijing, China; 8: Laboratoire d'Aérologie, UMR5560, Toulouse, France; 9: CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 10: NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; 12: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 13: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 14: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 15: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 9, p5161; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Subject Term: Industrialization -- China; Subject: Beijing (China); Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-5161-2015
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuster, G. L.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Arola, A.
T1  - Remote sensing of soot carbon -- Part 1: Distinguishing different absorbing aerosol species.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 13607
EP  - 13656
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We describe a method of using the aerosol robotic network (AERONET) size distributions and complex refractive indices to retrieve the relative proportion of carbonaceous aerosols and iron oxide minerals. We assume that soot carbon has a spectrally flat refractive index, and that enhanced imaginary indices at the 440 nm wavelength are caused by brown carbon or hematite. Carbonaceous aerosols can be separated from dust in imaginary refractive index space because 95% of biomass burning aerosols have imaginary indices greater than 0.0042 at the 675-1020 nm wavelengths, and 95% of dust has imaginary refractive indices of less than 0.0042 at those wavelengths. However, mixtures of these two types of particles can not be unambiguously partitioned on the basis of optical properties alone, so we also separate these particles by size. Regional and seasonal results are consistent with expectations. Monthly climatologies of fine mode soot carbon are less than 1.0% by volume for West Africa and the Middle East, but the southern Africa and South America biomass burning sites have peak values of 3.0 and 1.7%. Monthly-averaged fine mode brown carbon volume fractions have a peak value of 5.8% for West Africa, 2.1% for the Middle East, 3.7% for southern Africa, and 5.7% for South America. Monthly climatologies of iron oxide volume fractions show little seasonal variability, and range from about 1.1 to 1.7% for coarse mode aerosols in all four study regions. Finally, our sensitivity study indicates that the soot carbon retrieval is not sensitive to the component refractive indices or densities assumed for carbonaceous and iron oxide aerosols, and differs by only 15.4% when these parameters are altered from our chosen baseline values. The associated soot carbon absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) does not vary at all when these parameters are altered, however, because the retrieval is constrained by the AERONET optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soot -- Analysis
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Refractive index
KW  - Hematite
N1  - Accession Number: 102746064; Schuster, G. L. 1; Email Address: gregory.l.schuster@nasa.gov; Dubovik, O. 2; Arola, A. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille-1, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; 3: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 9, p13607; Thesaurus Term: Soot -- Analysis; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Refractive index; Subject Term: Hematite; Number of Pages: 50p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-13607-2015
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TY  - CONF
AU  - DE GROEVE, T.
AU  - THIELEN-DEL POZO, J.
AU  - BRAKENRIDGE, R.
AU  - ADLER, R.
AU  - ALFIERI, L.
AU  - KULL, D.
AU  - LINDSAY, F.
AU  - IMPERIALI, O.
AU  - PAPPENBERGER, F.
AU  - RUDARI, R.
AU  - SALAMON, P.
AU  - VILLARS, N.
AU  - WYJAD, K.
T1  - JOINING FORCES IN A GLOBAL FLOOD PARTNERSHIP.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 96
IS  - 5
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article discusses the highlights of the Fourth Workshop of the Global Flood Working Group held on March 3-6, 2014 in Reading, United Kingdom. The event was attended by scientists, decision-makers and those involved with flood forecasting, detection, risk management and assessment. An alliance called Global Flood Partnership was formed that sought solutions to the problem of flood, increase flood prevention and flood preparedness. Five essential pillars of the partnership were discussed.
KW  - RISK assessment
KW  - Flood damage prevention
KW  - Emergency management
KW  - Flood control -- Congresses
KW  - Flood forecasting
KW  - Floods
N1  - Accession Number: 103543425; DE GROEVE, T. 1; THIELEN-DEL POZO, J. 1; Email Address: jutta.thielen@jrc.ec.europa.eu; BRAKENRIDGE, R. 2; ADLER, R. 3; ALFIERI, L. 4,5; KULL, D. 6; LINDSAY, F. 7; IMPERIALI, O. 8; PAPPENBERGER, F. 9,10; RUDARI, R. 11; SALAMON, P. 1; VILLARS, N. 12; WYJAD, K. 13; Affiliations: 1: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy; 2: Dartmouth Flood Observatory, Boulder, Colorado; 3: University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 4: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy; 5: Forecast Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom; 6: Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, World Bank Group, Geneva, Switzerland; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; 8: European Commission, European Community Humanitarian Office, Brussels, Belgium; 9: Forecast Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom, Nanjing, China; 10: Department of Geography, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom; 11: CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy; 12: Deltares, Delft, Netherlands; 13: United Nations World Food Programme, Rome, Italy; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 96 Issue 5, p1; Thesaurus Term: RISK assessment; Thesaurus Term: Flood damage prevention; Thesaurus Term: Emergency management; Subject Term: Flood control -- Congresses; Subject Term: Flood forecasting; Subject Term: Floods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913190 Other municipal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912190 Other provincial protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911290 Other federal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00147.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=103543425&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Cool-flame extinction during n-alkane droplet combustion in microgravity.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 162
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2140
EP  - 2147
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Recent droplet-combustion experiments onboard the International Space Station (ISS) have revealed that large n-alkane droplets, following radiative extinction of the visible flame, can continue to burn quasi-steadily in a low-temperature regime, characterized by negative-temperature-coefficient (NTC) chemistry. In this study we report experimental observations of n-heptane, n-octane, and n-decane droplets of varying initial size burning in oxygen/nitrogen, oxygen/nitrogen/carbon dioxide, and oxygen/nitrogen/helium environments at pressures from 0.5 to 1.0 atm, with oxygen concentrations from 14% to 25% by volume. These large n-alkane droplets exhibited radiative extinction of the hot flame, followed by quasi-steady low-temperature burning, which terminated with diffusive extinction accompanied by the formation of a vapor cloud, while small droplets did not exhibit radiative extinction but instead burned to completion or disruptively extinguished. Results for droplet burning rates in both the hot-flame and cool-flame regimes, as well as droplet extinction diameters at the end of each stage, are presented. The cool-flame extinction diameters for all three n-alkanes are shown to follow a similar trend as functions of the oxygen concentration, predicted here from a simplified theoretical model that is based on the reaction-rate parameters for the oxygen molecule addition to the alkyl radical and for ketohydroperoxide decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Alkanes
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Flame
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Hydroperoxides
KW  - Cool flame extinction
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Normal alkane
N1  - Accession Number: 102054113; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Dietrich, Daniel L. 2; Hicks, Michael C. 2; Williams, Forman A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 162 Issue 5, p2140; Thesaurus Term: Alkanes; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Hydroperoxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cool flame extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Normal alkane; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.01.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102054113&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gundy-Burlet, Karen
T1  - The Use of Standards on the LADEE Mission.
JO  - Computer (00189162)
JF  - Computer (00189162)
J1  - Computer (00189162)
PY  - 2015/05//
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 95
SN  - 00189162
AB  - The Lunar Atmosphere Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) software developers incorporated IEEE and other standards to achieve high reliability while adhering to strict budget and schedule guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Computer (00189162) is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software developers
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
N1  - Accession Number: 102874971; Source Information: May2015, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p92; Subject Term: COMPUTER software developers; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 4p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/MC.2015.148
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=102874971&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sacchi, Claudio
AU  - Bhasin, Kul
AU  - Kadowaki, Naoto
AU  - Vong, Fred
T1  - Technologies and applications of future satellite networking [Guest Editorial].
JO  - IEEE Communications Magazine
JF  - IEEE Communications Magazine
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 155
SN  - 01636804
AB  - The second part of the Feature Topic ?Satellite Communications and Networking: Emerging Techniques and New Applications,? published in this issue of IEEE Communications Magazine, presents the overflow from the first part published in the March issue. In the first part, the accent was on a renewed vision of satellite communications and networking that we claim as ?Space 2.0? [1] in order to mark a clear discontinuity with the ?Space 1.0? era, begun in 1945 with A.C. Clarke?s article ?Extra Terrestrial Relays.? The contributions published in the first part mainly focused on techniques that will characterize future satellite networking, such as exploitation of higher frequency bands, cognitive spectrum utilization, delay- and disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs), software-defined networking (SDN), and network virtualization. In the remaining part of the Feature Topic, we aim at shifting the emphasis to the application aspects without losing sight of technological investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Communications Magazine is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Artificial satellites in telecommunication
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Computer architecture
KW  - NASA
KW  - Satellite communication
KW  - Satellite navigation systems
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Telecommunications
N1  - Accession Number: 102658315; Sacchi, Claudio 1; Bhasin, Kul 2; Kadowaki, Naoto 3; Vong, Fred 4; Affiliations: 1: University of Trento, Italy; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio; 3: Strategic Planning Department, NICT; 4: Asia Satellite Telecommunications Co. Ltd., Hong Kong; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p154; Thesaurus Term: Artificial satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: Spectrum analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite navigation systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strategic planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7105654
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=102658315&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seongim Choi
AU  - Mulfinger, Daniel G.
AU  - Robinson III, John E.
AU  - Capozzi, Brian J.
T1  - Design of an Optimal Route Structure Using Heuristics-Based Stochastic Schedulers.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 777
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The purpose of the current study is to identify key parameters and provide reasonable guidelines for the design of an efficient route structure in the extended terminal airspace area under dense air traffic flows. First, various scheduling algorithms, including a first-come/first-served and mixed-integer linear programming, are compared in terms of efficiency and optimality of scheduling performance. To further improve the efficiency of the scheduling algorithms, heuristics based on the first-come/first-served and genetic algorithms are adopted and quickly predetermine the aircraft sequences at the scheduling point. Subsequently, a dynamic planning framework is constructed to provide a more practical scheduling strategy for realistic operation, and it effectively handles the dynamic situations of traffic flows under uncertainties in weather and operations, ft is an integrated framework that iteratively executes a flight trajectory model and the scheduling algorithms. As a practical application of the proposed scheduling strategy to the dense terminal environment, a design of an optimal route structure is carried out where the terminal airspace is represented in Cartesian coordinates. The sensitivities of the scheduling performance with respect to the uncertainty quantification and propagation models are investigated in more general airspace topology by varying merge point locations and their numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARTESIAN coordinates -- Research
KW  - HEURISTIC algorithms -- Research
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis -- Research
KW  - AIR traffic -- Research
KW  - CLASSICAL mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 103203638; Source Information: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p765; Subject Term: CARTESIAN coordinates -- Research; Subject Term: HEURISTIC algorithms -- Research; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis -- Research; Subject Term: AIR traffic -- Research; Subject Term: CLASSICAL mechanics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032645
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=103203638&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Minghong G.
AU  - Green, Steven M.
AU  - Jones, James
T1  - Strategies for Choosing Descent Flight-Path Angles for Small Jets.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 847
EP  - 866
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A standard descent procedure with a fixed flight-path angle is proposed to improve trajectory predictability for arriving small jets in the transition airspace into congested terminal area. Three candidate strategies for selecting fuel-efficient and flyable descent flight-path angles are proposed. The three strategies vary in operational complexity and fuel-burn merits. To mitigate variation of wind among flights, the two simpler strategies are adapted to airport, directions of arrival, and time. Three major U.S. airports with different degrees of wind variation and disparate arrival traffic flows are analyzed. Results show that, when compared to the simple airport-static adaptation, the finest adaptation of the simpler strategies recover up to 50-75% of the extra fuel burn relative to the minimum-fuel strategy. Wind variation, descent altitude restrictions, arrival directions, and fleet composition all affect the fuel efficiency of the simple strategies. Tradeoffs between fuel burn and planned speed-brake usage in the choice of the flight-path angle arc discussed. Fuel efficiency of simple strategies for the entire national airspace in the United States is estimated. Considerations and implications for air navigation service providers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRWAYS (Aeronautics) -- Research
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics) -- Research
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics) -- Research
KW  - ALTITUDES -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 103203645; Source Information: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p847; Subject Term: AIRWAYS (Aeronautics) -- Research; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics) -- Research; Subject Term: ALTITUDES -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 20p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032835
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=103203645&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bui, Trong T.
T1  - Analysis of Stall Aerodynamics of a Swept Wing with Laminar-Flow Glove.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 867
EP  - 871
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational-fluid-dynamies analysis was conducted to study the low-speed stall aerodynamics of a business jet's swept wing modified with a laminar-flow wing glove. The stall aerodynamics of the gloved wing were analyzed and compared with the unmodified wing for the flight speed of 120 kt and altitude of 2300 ft above mean sea level. A polyhedral finite-volume unstructured Navier-Stokes computational-fluid-dynamics code was used in the analysis. This computational-fluid-dynamics code was first validated for wing stall predictions using the wing-body geometry from the First AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics High-Lift Prediction Workshop. It was found that the computational-fluid-dynamics code under consideration can produce results that are within the scattering of other computational-fluid-dynamics codes considered at the workshop. In particular, the polyhedral computational-fluid-dynamics code was able to predict wing stall for the AIAA wing-body geometry to within 1 deg of angle of attack as compared to benchmark wind-tunnel test data. Computational-fluid-dynamics results show that the addition of the laminar-flow wing glove causes the gloved wing to stall much earlier than the unmodified wing. Furthermore, the gloved wing has a different stall characteristic than the clean wing, with no sharp lift dropoff at stall for the gloved wing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - LAMINAR flow -- Research
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics) -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - AIRFRAMES
N1  - Accession Number: 103203646; Source Information: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p867; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow -- Research; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 5p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032883
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=103203646&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landman, Drew
AU  - Toro, Kenneth G.
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
T1  - Prediction Interval Development for Wind-Tunnel Balance Check-Loading.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 884
EP  - 889
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The current approach used to apply uncertainty intervals to balance estimated loads is based on the root mean square error from calibration. Using the root mean square error, a constant interval is applied around the estimated load and it is expected that a predetermined percentage of the check-loads applied fall within this constant uncertainty interval. However, this approach ignores additional sources of uncertainty and assumes constant uncertainty regardless of the load combination and magnitude applied to the balance. Rigorous prediction interval theory permits varying interval widths but fails to account for the additional error sources that are unrelated to the mathematical modeling. An engineered solution is proposed that combines prediction interval theory and the need to account for the additional sources of uncertainty from calibration and check loading. Results from a case study using the in-situ load system show improved probabilistic behavior in terms of uncertainty interval capture percentage when compared with the current root mean square error method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - STANDARD deviations -- Research
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - MEDIAN (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 103203649; Source Information: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p884; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations -- Research; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: MEDIAN (Mathematics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032930
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=103203649&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ordaz, Irian
AU  - Geiselhart, Karl A.
AU  - Fenbert, James W.
T1  - Conceptual Design of Low-Boom Aircraft with Flight Trim Requirement.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 932
EP  - 939
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A new low-boom target generation approach is presented that allows the introduction of a trim requirement during the early conceptual design of supersonic aircraft. The formulation provides an approximation of the center of pressure for an aircraft configuration with a reversed equivalent area matching a low-boom equivalent area target. The center of pressure is approximated from a surrogate lift distribution that is based on the lift component of the classical equivalent area. The assumptions of the formulation are verified to be sufficiently accurate for a supersonic aircraft of high fineness ratio through three case studies. The first two quantify and verify the accuracy and the sensitivity of the surrogate center of pressure corresponding to shape deformation of lifting components. The third verification case shows the capability of the approach to achieve a trim state while maintaining the low-boom characteristics of a previously untrimmed configuration. Finally, the new low-boom target generation approach is demonstrated through the early conceptual design of a demonstrator concept that is low-boom feasible, trimmed, and stable in cruise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 103203656; Source Information: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p932; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033160
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=103203656&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grauer, Jared A.
T1  - Real-Time Data-Compatibility Analysis Using Output-Error Parameter Estimation.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 940
EP  - 947
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Output-error parameter estimation, normally a postflight batch technique, was applied to solve the data-compatibility problem in real time. Short segments of data were sequentially processed to enable real-time estimation, and variations on the algorithm were used to expedite convergence from arbitrary starting values of the unknown model parameters. The method was applied to flight-test data to correct the data for systematic instrumentation errors. Results showed that the method produced accurate estimates of the data-compatibility correction parameters at a rate of 0.5 Hz. A sensor fault was also introduced into the flight data, and the use of a data-forgetting algorithm showed that the method was capable of quickly adapting to the data in a way that could enable sensor fault detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REAL-time computing -- Research
KW  - ERRORS -- Research
KW  - FLIGHT testing -- Research
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
N1  - Accession Number: 103203657; Source Information: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p940; Subject Term: REAL-time computing -- Research; Subject Term: ERRORS -- Research; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033182
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=103203657&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rickman, Doug
T1  - Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing: Sensors, Methods, Applications.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 81
IS  - 5
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 359
EP  - 360
SN  - 00991112
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Nonfiction
KW  - Kuenzer, Claudia
KW  - Dech, Stefan
KW  - Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing: Sensors, Methods, Applications (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 102383419; Rickman, Doug 1; Affiliations: 1: Applied Science Team Lead, Earth Science Office, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 81 Issue 5, p359; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Nonfiction; Reviews & Products: Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing: Sensors, Methods, Applications (Book); People: Kuenzer, Claudia; People: Dech, Stefan; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kok, Mariana
AU  - Jr.Smith, Joseph G.
AU  - Wohl, Christopher J.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Young, Trevor M.
T1  - Critical considerations in the mitigation of insect residue contamination on aircraft surfaces – A review.
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
J1  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
PY  - 2015/05//
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 75
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Mitigation of insect residue contamination on next generation aircraft is vital for the commercial exploitation of laminar flow technologies. A review of the critical entomological, meteorological and aeronautical factors affecting insect residue accumulation on aircraft leading edge surfaces is herein presented. An evaluation of a passive mitigation strategy, namely the use of anti-contamination coatings, has been conducted and the key issues in the use of these coatings highlighted. A summary of the variations in major experiments, including laboratory, wind tunnel and flight testing, is outlined. The effects of surface and material characteristics on insect residue adhesion were also investigated, with topographical features of the surface and surface chemistry shown as influential factors. The use of a substitute as an alternative to live insect testing has shown promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - INSECT pests -- Control
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ENTOMOLOGY
KW  - LAMINAR flow
N1  - Accession Number: 102318961; Source Information: May2015, Vol. 75, p1; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: INSECT pests -- Control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ENTOMOLOGY; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2015.02.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manney, G. L.
AU  - Lawrence, Z. D.
AU  - Santee, M. L.
AU  - Livesey, N. J.
AU  - Lambert, A.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
T1  - Polar processing in a split vortex: Arctic ozone loss in early winter 2012/2013.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 5381
EP  - 5403
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - A sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in early January 2013 caused the Arctic polar vortex to split and temperatures to rapidly rise above the threshold for chlorine activation. However, ozone in the lower stratospheric polar vortex from late December 2012 through early February 2013 reached the lowest values on record for that time of year. Analysis of Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) trace gas measurements and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) data shows that exceptional chemical ozone loss early in the 2012/13 Arctic winter resulted from a unique combination of meteorological conditions associated with the early-January 2013 SSW: unusually low temperatures in December 2012, offspring vortices within which air remained well isolated for nearly 1 month after the vortex split, and greater-than-usual vortex sunlight exposure throughout December 2012 and January 2013. Conditions in the two offspring vortices differed substantially, with the one overlying Canada having lower temperatures, lower nitric acid (HNO3), lower hydrogen chloride, more sunlight exposure/higher ClO in late January, and a later onset of chlorine deactivation than the one overlying Siberia. MLS HNO3 and CALIPSO data indicate that PSC activity in December 2012 was more extensive and persistent than at that time in any other Arctic winter in the past decade. Chlorine monoxide (ClO, measured by MLS) rose earlier than previously observed and was the largest on record through mid-January 2013. Enhanced vortex ClO persisted until mid- February despite the cessation of PSC activity when the SSW started. Vortex HNO3 remained depressed after PSCs had disappeared; passive transport calculations indicate vortexaveraged denitrification of about 4 parts per billion by volume. The estimated vortex-averaged chemical ozone loss, ~0.7-0.8 parts per million by volume near 500K (~21 km), was the largest December/January loss in the MLS record from 2004/05 to 2014/15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 103058200; Manney, G. L. 1,2; Email Address: manney@nwra.com; Lawrence, Z. D. 2; Santee, M. L. 3; Livesey, N. J. 3; Lambert, A. 3; Pitts, M. C. 4; Affiliations: 1: NorthWest Research Associates, Socorro, NM, USA; 2: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM, USA; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 10, p5381; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-5381-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Austerberry, David
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Roby, Matthew C.
AU  - Tadić, Jovan M.
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
AU  - Gore, Warren
T1  - Characterizing the impacts of vertical transport and photochemical ozone production on an exceedance area.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 109
M3  - Article
SP  - 342
EP  - 350
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Offshore and inland vertical profiles of ozone (O 3 ) were measured from an aircraft during 16 flights from January 2012 to January 2013 over the northern San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and over the Pacific Ocean. Analysis of in situ measurements presents an assessment of the seasonality and magnitude of net O 3 production and transport within the lower troposphere above the SJV. During the high O 3 season (May–October), the Dobson Unit sum of O 3 in the 0–2 km above sea level (km.a.s.l.) layer above the SJV exceeds that above the offshore profile by up to 20.5%, implying net O 3 production over the SJV or vertical transport from above. During extreme events (e.g. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport) vertical features (areas of enhanced or depleted O 3 or water vapor) are observed in the offshore and SJV profiles at different altitudes, demonstrating the scale of vertical mixing during transport. Correlation analysis between offshore O 3 profiles and O 3 surface sites in the SJV lends further support the hypothesis of vertical mixing. Correlation analysis indicates that O 3 mixing ratios at surface sites in the northern and middle SJV show significant correlations to the 1.5–2 km.a.s.l. offshore altitude range. Southern SJV O 3 surface sites show a shift towards maximum correlations at increased time-offsets, and O 3 surface sites at elevated altitudes show significant correlations with higher offshore altitudes (2.5–4 km.a.s.l.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Air quality
KW  - San Joaquin Valley
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 102188323; Yates, Emma L. 1; Email Address: emma.l.yates@nasa.gov; Iraci, Laura T. 1; Austerberry, David 1; Pierce, R. Bradley 2; Roby, Matthew C. 1,3; Tadić, Jovan M. 1; Loewenstein, Max 1; Gore, Warren 1; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: NOAA/NESDIS Advanced Satellite Products Branch Madison, WI 53706, USA; 3: Department of Meteorology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0104, USA; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 109, p342; Thesaurus Term: Environmental impact analysis; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric ozone; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norris, Kate J.
AU  - Garrett, Matthew P.
AU  - Zhang, Junce
AU  - Coleman, Elane
AU  - Tompa, Gary S.
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Silicon nanowire networks for multi-stage thermoelectric modules.
JO  - Energy Conversion & Management
JF  - Energy Conversion & Management
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 104
SN  - 01968904
AB  - We present the fabrication and characterization of single, double, and quadruple stacked flexible silicon nanowire network based thermoelectric modules. From double to quadruple stacked modules, power production increased 27%, demonstrating that stacking multiple nanowire thermoelectric devices in series is a scalable method to generate power by supplying larger temperature gradient. We present a vertically scalable multi-stage thermoelectric module design using semiconducting nanowires, eliminating the need for both n-type and p-type semiconductors for modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Energy Conversion & Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Thermoelectricity
KW  - Silicon nanowires
KW  - Quadruplets
KW  - Thermoelectric apparatus & appliances
KW  - P-type semiconductors
KW  - Chemical vapor deposition
KW  - Copper substrate
KW  - Nanowire network
KW  - Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)
KW  - Silicon
KW  - TiN nucleation layer
N1  - Accession Number: 101927277; Norris, Kate J. 1,2; Email Address: katejeannenorris@gmail.com; Garrett, Matthew P. 1,2; Zhang, Junce 1,2; Coleman, Elane 3; Tompa, Gary S. 3; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States; 2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, Univ. of California Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; 3: Structured Materials Industries, Inc., Piscataway, NJ, United States; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 96, p100; Thesaurus Term: Thermoelectricity; Subject Term: Silicon nanowires; Subject Term: Quadruplets; Subject Term: Thermoelectric apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: P-type semiconductors; Subject Term: Chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanowire network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiN nucleation layer; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peng, Tishun
AU  - He, Jingjing
AU  - Xiang, Yibing
AU  - Liu, Yongming
AU  - Saxena, Abhinav
AU  - Celaya, Jose
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Probabilistic fatigue damage prognosis of lap joint using Bayesian updating.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 965
EP  - 979
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - A general framework for probabilistic prognosis and uncertainty management under fatigue cyclic loading is proposed in this article. First, the general idea using the Bayesian updating in prognosis is introduced. Several sources of uncertainties are discussed and included in the Bayesian updating framework. An equivalent stress level model is discussed for the mechanism-based fatigue crack growth analysis, which serves as the deterministic model for the lap joint fatigue life prognosis. Next, an in situ lap joint fatigue test with pre-installed piezoelectric sensors is designed and performed to collect experimental data. Signal processing techniques are used to extract damage features for crack length estimation. Following this, the proposed methodology is demonstrated using the experimental data under both constant and variable amplitude loadings. Finally, detailed discussion on validation metrics of the proposed prognosis algorithm is given. Several conclusions and future work are drawn based on the proposed study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - CYCLIC loading
KW  - LAP joints
KW  - Bayesian updating
KW  - fatigue
KW  - lamb wave
KW  - prognosis
KW  - uncertainties
N1  - Accession Number: 102290999; Peng, Tishun 1; He, Jingjing 2; Xiang, Yibing 1; Liu, Yongming 1; Saxena, Abhinav 3; Celaya, Jose 3; Goebel, Kai 4; Affiliations: 1: School for engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 2: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA; 3: SGT, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: May2015, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p965; Thesaurus Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Thesaurus Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: CYCLIC loading; Subject Term: LAP joints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian updating; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: lamb wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainties; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5574
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X14538328
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Jaiwon Shin
AU  - Kyung M. Song
T1  - Airplanes guy at 'space agency'.
JO  - Aerospace America
JF  - Aerospace America
J1  - Aerospace America
PY  - 2015/06//
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Interview
SP  - 14
EP  - 17
SN  - 0740722X
AB  - An interview with National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate administrator Jaiwon Shin is presented. He talks about new technologies in air travel. Shin explains the possibilities for new segments in tube-and-wing aircraft at lower altitude such as small unmanned aerial systems (UAS). He discusses the hybrid wing body configuration for lower noise and fuel consumption. He adds about sharing NASA research with all U.S. aviation industry companies.
KW  - SHIN, Jaiwon -- Interviews
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 103197154; Source Information: Jun2015, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p14; Subject Term: SHIN, Jaiwon -- Interviews; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 4p; ; Document Type: Interview; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Urschel, Matthew R.
AU  - Kubo, Michael D.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Peters, John W.
AU  - Boyd, Eric S.
T1  - Carbon Source Preference in Chemosynthetic Hot Spring Communities.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 81
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3834
EP  - 3847
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), formate, and acetate mineralization and/or assimilation were determined in 13 high-temperature (>73°C) hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, in order to evaluate the relative importance of these substrates in supporting microbial metabolism. While 9 of the hot spring communities exhibited rates of DIC assimilation that were greater than those of formate and acetate assimilation, 2 exhibited rates of formate and/or acetate assimilation that exceeded those of DIC assimilation. Overall rates of DIC, formate, and acetate mineralization and assimilation were positively correlated with spring pH but showed little correlation with temperature. Communities sampled from hot springs with similar geochemistries generally exhibited similar rates of substrate transformation, as well as similar community compositions, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene-tagged sequencing. Amendment of microcosms with small (micromolar) amounts of formate suppressed DIC assimilation in short-term (<45- min) incubations, despite the presence of native DIC concentrations that exceeded those of added formate by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. The concentration of added formate required to suppress DIC assimilation was similar to the affinity constant (Km) for formate transformation, as determined by community kinetic assays. These results suggest that dominant chemoautotrophs in hightemperature communities are facultatively autotrophic or mixotrophic, are adapted to fluctuating nutrient availabilities, and are capable of taking advantage of energy-rich organic substrates when they become available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chemosynthesis (Biochemistry)
KW  - Hot springs
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Ribosomal RNA
KW  - Microbial metabolism
N1  - Accession Number: 103558304; Urschel, Matthew R. 1,2; Kubo, Michael D. 3; Hoehler, Tori M. 3; Peters, John W. 2,4; Boyd, Eric S. 1,2; Email Address: eboyd@montana.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA; 2: Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA; Issue Info: Jun2015, Vol. 81 Issue 11, p3834; Thesaurus Term: Chemosynthesis (Biochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Hot springs; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Subject Term: Ribosomal RNA; Subject Term: Microbial metabolism; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.00511-15
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pernice, Maria Francesca
AU  - De Carvalho, Nelson V.
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
AU  - Hallett, Stephen R.
T1  - Experimental study on delamination migration in composite laminates.
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 73
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 34
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - The transition of delamination growth between different ply interfaces in composite tape laminates, known as migration, was investigated experimentally. The test method used promotes delamination growth initially along a 0/ θ ply interface, which eventually migrates to a neighbouring θ /0 ply interface. Specimens with θ = 60° and 75° were tested. Migration occurs in two main stages: (1) the initial 0/ θ interface delamination turns, transforming into intraply cracks that grow through the θ plies; this process occurs at multiple locations across the width of a specimen, (2) one or more of these cracks growing through the θ plies reaches and turns into the θ /0 ply interface, where it continues to grow as a delamination. A correlation was established between these experimental observations and the shear stress sign at the delamination front, obtained by finite element analyses. Overall, the experiments provide insight into the key mechanisms that govern delamination growth and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - B. Delamination
KW  - B. Transverse cracking
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
KW  - D. Mechanical testing
N1  - Accession Number: 101999094; Pernice, Maria Francesca 1; Email Address: aemfp@my.bristol.ac.uk; De Carvalho, Nelson V. 2; Ratcliffe, James G. 3; Hallett, Stephen R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Advanced Composite Centre for Innovation and Science (ACCIS), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, UK; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, resident at: Durability, Damage Tolerance and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; 3: Durability, Damage Tolerance and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Issue Info: Jun2015, Vol. 73, p20; Thesaurus Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Transverse cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Mechanical testing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.02.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hultquist, G.
AU  - Graham, M.J.
AU  - Kodra, O.
AU  - Moisa, S.
AU  - Liu, R.
AU  - Bexell, U.
AU  - Smialek, J.L.
T1  - Corrosion of copper in distilled water without O2 and the detection of produced hydrogen.
JO  - Corrosion Science
JF  - Corrosion Science
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 95
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
EP  - 167
SN  - 0010938X
AB  - This paper reports on hydrogen pressures measured during ∼19,000 h immersion of copper in oxygen-free liquid distilled water. Copper corrosion products have been examined ex-situ by SEM and characterized by XPS and SIMS. XPS strongly indicates a corrosion product containing both oxygen and hydrogen. SIMS shows that oxygen is mainly present in the outer 0.3 μm surface region and that hydrogen penetrates to depths well below the corrosion product. Thermal desorption spectroscopy shows that the reaction product formed near room-temperature is less stable than that formed in air at 350 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Corrosion Science is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Distilled water
KW  - Oxygen in water
KW  - Hydrogen production
KW  - Hydrogen -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - Thermal desorption
KW  - Copper -- Corrosion
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy
KW  - A. Copper
KW  - B. AES
KW  - B. SIMS
KW  - B. XPS
KW  - C. Hydrogen absorption
KW  - C. Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 102074940; Hultquist, G. 1; Email Address: gunnarh@kth.se; Graham, M.J. 2; Kodra, O. 3; Moisa, S. 3; Liu, R. 4; Bexell, U. 5; Smialek, J.L. 6; Affiliations: 1: Surface and Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; 2: Aerospace, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada; 3: Electronic and Photonic Materials, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada; 4: Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117551 Singapore, Singapore; 5: Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden; 6: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44 135, USA; Issue Info: Jun2015, Vol. 95, p162; Thesaurus Term: Distilled water; Thesaurus Term: Oxygen in water; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen production; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen -- Absorption & adsorption; Thesaurus Term: Thermal desorption; Subject Term: Copper -- Corrosion; Subject Term: Scanning electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. AES; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. SIMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. XPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Hydrogen absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.03.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102074940&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RHODES, KEVIN L.
AU  - WARREN-RHODES, KIMBERLEY A.
AU  - SWEET, SCOTT
AU  - HELGENBERGER, MIKE
AU  - JOSEPH, EUGENE
AU  - BOYLE, LINDA NG
AU  - HOPKINS, KEVIN D.
T1  - Marine ecological footprint indicates unsustainability of the Pohnpei (Micronesia) coral reef fishery.
JO  - Environmental Conservation
JF  - Environmental Conservation
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 182
EP  - 190
SN  - 03768929
AB  - Throughout the tropics, developing countries and territories are highly dependent on nearshore marine resources for food and income, however information on the sustainability and proper management of these fisheries is lacking. In Pohnpei, Micronesia, the sustainability of a coral reef finfishery was assessed by comparing coral reef fish demand to coral reef biocapacity using a marine ecological footprint (MEF) analysis. Based on geo-referenced satellite and aerial imagery, Pohnpei and surrounding atolls have 184.2 km2 of coral reef habitat with a sustainable finfish yield of 573–1118 t yr−1, however total harvest was estimated at 4068 t yr−1, exceeding biocapacity by 360–710%. The MEF was supported by observed impacts to coral reef resources, including (1) long-term declines in fish spawning aggregation density, (2) reductions in mean size, age and fecundity of key commercial species, (3) reliance on undersized fish, and (4) decadal declines in mean size and abundance of fishes of iconic value and critical to ecosystem maintenance. The commercial fishery was responsible for 68% of finfish catch volume, while reef fish consumption, at 93 kg person−1 yr−1, was among the highest in the region. To sustainably meet current demand, up to 833 km2 of additional reef area would be required. The study illustrates the MEF, at least rudimentarily, reflects biological reality on local reefs and represents a valuable analytical tool in a marine policymaker's toolbox. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Conservation is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Ecological impact
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Coral reef ecology
KW  - Reef ecology
KW  - Marine ecology
KW  - biocapacity
KW  - consumption
KW  - ecological overshoot
KW  - marine ecological footprint
KW  - Micronesia
KW  - overfishing
N1  - Accession Number: 102306816; RHODES, KEVIN L. 1; WARREN-RHODES, KIMBERLEY A. 2; SWEET, SCOTT 3; HELGENBERGER, MIKE 4; JOSEPH, EUGENE 5; BOYLE, LINDA NG 6; HOPKINS, KEVIN D. 1; Affiliations: 1: University of Hawaii at Hilo, College of Forestry, Agriculture and Natural Resource Management, 200 W Kawili Street, Hilo 96720, Hawaii, USA; 2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: TerraUnda, PO Box 229, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental 6200, Philippines; 4: Office of Fisheries and Aquaculture, PO Box B, Kolonia, Pohnpei FM 96941, Micronesia; 5: Conservation Society of Pohnpei, PO Box 2461, Kolonia, Pohnpei 96941, Micronesia; 6: University of Washington, Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Issue Info: Jun2015, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p182; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Ecological impact; Subject Term: Environmental impact analysis; Subject Term: Coral reef ecology; Subject Term: Reef ecology; Subject Term: Marine ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: biocapacity; Author-Supplied Keyword: consumption; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecological overshoot; Author-Supplied Keyword: marine ecological footprint; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micronesia; Author-Supplied Keyword: overfishing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S037689291400023X
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102306816&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mamajanov, Irena
AU  - Callahan, Michael
AU  - Dworkin, Jason
AU  - Cody, George
T1  - Prebiotic Alternatives to Proteins: Structure and Function of Hyperbranched Polyesters.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 137
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01696149
AB  - Proteins are responsible multiple biological functions, such as ligand binding, catalysis, and ion channeling. This functionality is enabled by proteins' three-dimensional structures that require long polypeptides. Since plausibly prebiotic synthesis of functional polypeptides has proven challenging in the laboratory, we propose that these functions may have been initially performed by alternative macromolecular constructs, namely hyperbranched polymers (HBPs), during early stages of chemical evolution. HBPs can be straightforwardly synthesized in one-pot processes, possess globular structures determined by their architecture as opposed to folding in proteins, and have documented ligand binding and catalytic properties. Our initial study focuses on glycerol-citric acid HBPs synthesized via moderate heating in the dry state. The polymerization products consisted of a mixture of isomeric structures of varying molar mass as evidenced by NMR, mass spectrometry and size-exclusion chromatography. Addition of divalent cations during polymerization resulted in increased incorporation of citric acid into the HBPs and the possible formation of cation-oligomer complexes. The chelating properties of citric acid govern the makeup of the resulting polymer, turning the polymerization system into a rudimentary smart material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Proteins
KW  - Polyesters
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Smart materials
KW  - Gel permeation chromatography
KW  - Hyperbranched polymer
KW  - Polyester
KW  - Protein
KW  - Size exclusion chromatography
KW  - Smart material
N1  - Accession Number: 103063308; Mamajanov, Irena 1; Email Address: imamajanov@ciw.edu; Callahan, Michael 2; Dworkin, Jason 2; Cody, George 1; Affiliations: 1: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington 20015 USA; 2: Solar System Exploration Division and The Goddard Center for Astrobiology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt 20771 USA; Issue Info: Jun2015, Vol. 45 Issue 1/2, p123; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Proteins; Subject Term: Polyesters; Subject Term: Polymers; Subject Term: Smart materials; Subject Term: Gel permeation chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperbranched polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyester; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protein; Author-Supplied Keyword: Size exclusion chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smart material; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313110 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-015-9430-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sorek-Hamer, Meytar
AU  - Kloog, Itai
AU  - Koutrakis, Petros
AU  - Strawa, Anthony W.
AU  - Chatfield, Robert
AU  - Cohen, Ayala
AU  - Ridgway, William L.
AU  - Broday, David M.
T1  - Assessment of PM2.5 concentrations over bright surfaces using MODIS satellite observations.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/06/15/
VL  - 163
M3  - Article
SP  - 180
EP  - 185
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) adversely impacts human health. In many geographical regions where ground PM 2.5 monitoring is spatially sparse and unsuitable for environmental health inference, satellite remote sensing can potentially be used for estimating human exposure to PM 2.5 . However, retrieval of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) using the Dark Target (DT) algorithm is uncertain in many regions worldwide (e.g. western USA, the Middle East and central Asia) due to low signal-to-noise ratio as a result of high surface reflectivity in the spectral bands used by the algorithm. In this study we use the Deep Blue (DB) algorithm as well as a combined DB-DT algorithm for AOD retrievals. The AOD products are used to predict ground PM 2.5 using mixed effects models and the daily calibration approach. Models for the two study areas (Israel and San Joaquin Valley, Central California) were developed independently and then compared to each other. Using the AOD DB within a mixed effects model considerably improved PM 2.5 prediction in high reflectance regions, revealing in both study areas enhanced model performance (in terms of both R 2 and the root mean square prediction error), significant increase in the spatiotemporal availability of the AOD product, and improved PM 2.5 prediction relative to using AOD DT retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Environmental health
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Prediction models
KW  - Spatiotemporal processes
KW  - Aerosol optical depth (AOD)
KW  - Dark Target
KW  - Deep Blue
KW  - Mixed effects models
KW  - MODIS
KW  - PM 2.5
N1  - Accession Number: 102658487; Sorek-Hamer, Meytar 1; Kloog, Itai 2; Koutrakis, Petros 3; Strawa, Anthony W. 4; Chatfield, Robert 4; Cohen, Ayala 5; Ridgway, William L. 6; Broday, David M. 1; Email Address: dbroday@tx.technion.ac.il; Affiliations: 1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Haifa, Israel; 2: Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel; 3: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Industrial and Management Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Road, Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Jun2015, Vol. 163, p180; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Environmental health; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Prediction models; Subject Term: Spatiotemporal processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol optical depth (AOD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dark Target; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep Blue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed effects models; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM 2.5; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102658487&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jontof-Hutter, Daniel
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
T1  - The mass of the Mars-sized exoplanet Kepler-138 b from transit timing.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2015/06/18/
VL  - 522
IS  - 7556
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 323
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Extrasolar planets that pass in front of their host star (transit) cause a temporary decrease in the apparent brightness of the star, providing a direct measure of the planet's size and orbital period. In some systems with multiple transiting planets, the times of the transits are measurably affected by the gravitational interactions between neighbouring planets. In favourable cases, the departures from Keplerian orbits (that is, unaffected by gravitational effects) implied by the observed transit times permit the planetary masses to be measured, which is key to determining their bulk densities. Characterizing rocky planets is particularly difficult, because they are generally smaller and less massive than gaseous planets. Therefore, few exoplanets near the size of Earth have had their masses measured. Here we report the sizes and masses of three planets orbiting Kepler-138, a star much fainter and cooler than the Sun. We determine that the mass of the Mars-sized inner planet, Kepler-138 b, is Earth masses. Its density is grams per cubic centimetre. The middle and outer planets are both slightly larger than Earth. The middle planet's density ( grams per cubic centimetre) is similar to that of Earth, and the outer planet is less than half as dense at grams per cubic centimetre, implying that it contains a greater portion of low-density components such as water and hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Stars
KW  - Astronomical transits
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Kepler (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 103278594; Jontof-Hutter, Daniel 1; Rowe, Jason F. 2; Lissauer, Jack J. 3; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 4; Ford, Eric B. 5; Affiliations: 1: 1] Department of Astronomy, Pennsylvania State University, Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 2: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] SETI Institute, 189 North Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; 4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; 5: Department of Astronomy, Pennsylvania State University, Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA; Issue Info: 6/18/2015, Vol. 522 Issue 7556, p321; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Stars; Subject Term: Astronomical transits; Subject Term: Mars (Planet) ; Company/Entity: Kepler (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature14494
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, P. S.
AU  - Jacob, D. J.
AU  - Fisher, J. A.
AU  - Travis, K.
AU  - Yu, K.
AU  - Zhu, L.
AU  - Yantosca, R. M.
AU  - Sulprizio, M. P.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, P.
AU  - Froyd, K. D.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Fenn, M. A.
AU  - Butler, C. F.
AU  - Wagner, N. L.
AU  - Gordon, T. D.
AU  - Welti, A.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Crounse, J. D.
T1  - Sources, seasonality, and trends of Southeast US aerosol: an integrated analysis of surface, aircraft, and satellite observations with the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 17651
EP  - 17709
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We use an ensemble of surface (EPA CSN, IMPROVE, SEARCH, AERONET), aircraft (SEAC4RS), and satellite (MODIS, MISR) observations over the Southeast US during the summer-fall of 2013 to better understand aerosol sources in the region and the relationship between surface particulate matter (PM) and aerosol optical depth (AOD). The GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model (CTM) with 25kmx25km resolution over North America is used as a common platform to interpret measurements of different aerosol variables made at different times and locations. Sulfate and organic aerosol (OA) are the main contributors to surface PM2.5 (mass concentration of PM finer than 2.5 µm aerodynamic diameter) and AOD over the Southeast US. GEOS- Chem simulation of sulfate requires a missing oxidant, taken here to be stabilized Criegee intermediates, but which could alternatively reflect an unaccounted for heterogeneous process. Biogenic isoprene and monoterpenes account for 60% of OA, anthropogenic sources for 30 %, and open fires for 10 %. 60% of total aerosol mass is in the mixed layer below 1.5 km, 20% in the cloud convective layer at 1.5-3 km, and 20% in the free troposphere above 3 km. This vertical profile is well captured by GEOSChem, arguing against a high-altitude source of OA. The extent of sulfate neutralization (f = [NH4+ ]/(2[SO42- ]+[NO3-])) is only 0.5-0.7 molmol-1 in the observations, despite an excess of ammonia present, which could reflect suppression of ammonia uptake by organic aerosol. This would explain the long-term decline of ammonium aerosol in the Southeast US, paralleling that of sulfate. The vertical profile of aerosol extinction over the Southeast US follows closely that of aerosol mass. GEOS-Chem reproduces observed total column aerosol mass over the Southeast US within 6 %, column aerosol extinction within 16 %, and space-based AOD within 21 %. The large AOD decline observed from summer to winter is driven by sharp declines in both sulfate and OA from August to October. These declines are due to shutdowns in both biogenic emissions and UV-driven photochemistry. Surface PM2.5 shows far less summer-to-winter decrease than AOD due to the offsetting effect of weaker boundary layer ventilation. The SEAC4RS aircraft data demonstrate that AODs measured from space are fundamentally consistent with surface PM2.5. This implies that satellites can be used reliably to infer surface PM2.5 over monthly timescales if a good CTM representation of the aerosol vertical profile is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Seasonal temperature variations
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Particulate matter -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 108488705; Kim, P. S. 1; Email Address: kim68@fas.harvard.edu; Jacob, D. J. 1,2; Fisher, J. A. 3; Travis, K. 2; Yu, K. 2; Zhu, L. 2; Yantosca, R. M. 2; Sulprizio, M. P. 2; Jimenez, J. L. 4,5; Campuzano-Jost, P. 4,5; Froyd, K. D. 4,6; Liao, J. 4,6; Hair, J. W. 7; Fenn, M. A. 8; Butler, C. F. 8; Wagner, N. L. 4,6; Gordon, T. D. 4,6; Welti, A. 4,6,9; Wennberg, P. O. 10,11; Crounse, J. D. 10; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia; 4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 9: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland; 10: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 11: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 13, p17651; Thesaurus Term: Seasonal temperature variations; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Environmental impact analysis; Subject Term: Particulate matter -- Environmental aspects; Number of Pages: 59p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-17651-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108488705&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khosrawi, F.
AU  - Urban, J.
AU  - Lossow, S.
AU  - Stiller, G.
AU  - Weigel, K.
AU  - Braesicke, P.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
AU  - Murtagh, D.
T1  - Sensitivity of polar stratospheric cloud formation to changes in water vapour and temperature.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 17743
EP  - 17796
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - More than a decade ago it was suggested that a cooling of stratospheric temperatures by 1K or an increase of 1 ppmv of stratospheric water vapour could promote denitrification, the permanent removal of nitrogen species from the stratosphere by solid polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles. In fact, during the two Arctic winters 2009/10 and 2010/11 the strongest denitrification in the recent decade was observed. Sensitivity studies along air parcel trajectories are performed to test how a future stratospheric water vapour (H2O) increase of 1 ppmv or a temperature decrease of 1 K would a_ect PSC formation. We perform our study based on measurements made during the Arctic winter 2010/11. Air parcel trajectories were calculated 6 days backward in time based on PSCs detected by CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder satellite observations). The sensitivity study was performed on single trajectories as well as on a trajectory ensemble. The sensitivity study shows a clear prolongation of the potential for PSC formation and PSC existence when the temperature in the stratosphere is decreased by 1 K and water vapour is increased by 1 ppmv. Based on 15 years of satellite measurements (2000-2014) from UARS/HALOE, Envisat/MIPAS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, Envisat/SCIAMACHY and SCISAT/ACE-FTS it is further investigated if there is a decrease in temperature and/or increase of water vapour (H2O) observed in the polar regions similar to that observed at midlatitudes and in the tropics. Although in the polar regions no significant trend is found in the lower stratosphere, we found from the observations a correlation between cold winters and enhanced water vapour mixing ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 108488707; Khosrawi, F. 1; Email Address: farahnaz.khosrawi@kit.edu; Urban, J. 2; Lossow, S. 3; Stiller, G. 3; Weigel, K. 4; Braesicke, P. 3; Pitts, M. C. 5; Rozanov, A. 4; Burrows, J. P. 4; Murtagh, D. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 2: Department of Earth and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; 3: Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 4: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 13, p17743; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Number of Pages: 54p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-17743-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalinina, R.
AU  - Petryshyn, V. A.
AU  - Lim, D. S.
AU  - Braverman, A. J.
AU  - Tripati, A. K.
T1  - Application of clustering techniques to study environmental characteristics of microbialite-bearing aquatic systems.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 10511
EP  - 10544
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - Microbialites are a product of trapping and binding of sediment by microbial communities, and are considered to be some of the most ancient records of life on Earth. It is a commonly held belief that microbialites are limited to extreme, hypersaline settings. However, more recent studies report their occurrence in a wider range of environments. The goal of this study is to explore whether microbialite-bearing sites share common geochemical properties. We apply statistical techniques to distinguish any common traits in these environments. These techniques ultimately could be used to address questions of microbialite distribution: are microbialites restricted to environments with specific characteristics; or are they more broadly distributed? A dataset containing hydrographic characteristics of several microbialite sites with data on pH, conductivity, alkalinity, and concentrations of several major anions and cations was constructed from previously published studies. In order to group the water samples by their natural similarities and differences, a clustering approach was chosen for analysis. k means clustering with partial distances was applied to the dataset with missing values, and separated the data into two clusters. One of the clusters is formed by samples from atoll Kiritimati (central Pacific Ocean), and the second cluster contains all other observations. Using these two clusters, the missing values were imputed by k nearest neighbor method, producing a complete dataset that can be used for further multivariate analysis. Salinity is not found to be an important variable defining clustering, and although pH defines clustering in this dataset, it is not an important variable for microbialite formation. Clustering and imputation procedures outlined here can be applied to an expanded dataset on microbialite characteristics in order to determine properties associated with microbialite-containing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Global environmental change
KW  - Aquatic ecology
KW  - Alkalinity content of water
KW  - Stromatolites
KW  - Anions
N1  - Accession Number: 108463721; Dalinina, R. 1; Petryshyn, V. A. 2; Email Address: vpetryshyn@ucla.edu; Lim, D. S. 3; Braverman, A. J. 1,4; Tripati, A. K. 2,3,5,6,7; Affiliations: 1: Center for Applied Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2: Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 3: Institute of Planets and Exoplanets, NASA Ames Research Center, Mo?et Field, CA, USA; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA; 5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 6: Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 7: European Institute of Marine Sciences (IUEM), Université de Brest, UMR6538, Domaines Océaniques, Rue Dumont D'Urville, Plouzané, France; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 12 Issue 13, p10511; Thesaurus Term: Global environmental change; Thesaurus Term: Aquatic ecology; Thesaurus Term: Alkalinity content of water; Subject Term: Stromatolites; Subject Term: Anions; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-12-10511-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108463721&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenberg, Paul S.
AU  - Fischer, David G.
T1  - Detection of spacecraft fire signatures and post-fire aerosols—Part I: Ground-based results.
JO  - Fire Safety Journal
JF  - Fire Safety Journal
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 75
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 44
SN  - 03797112
AB  - Preventing fires in spacecraft and other remote platforms is an important facet of avoiding fires that potentially compromise missions, hardware, and crew. If a fire occurs, the objective is to detect the associated fire signatures at the earliest possible time from inception, thus minimizing propagation and collateral damage while providing maximal margin for suppression. The goal is to provide detection sensitivity without introducing spurious false alarms that compromise operations and trigger responsive abatement and containment provisions. A related issue in sealed, self-contained environments is post-fire clean up, and sensors to evaluate the environmental suitability in crewed quarters. In both situations, knowledge of the particulate and/or gaseous fire signatures as they occur under the unique combination of a reduced-gravity environment and materials typical of spaceflight applications is essential for the design of spacecraft fire detectors and habitat sensors. This paper describes recent ground and spaced-based data on fire signatures, and the response of a novel multi-channel optical scattering sensor. This detector, known as the Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor (MPASS), determines multiple moments of the aerosol distributions. The methodology for designing a sensor with the desired response function is discussed, as well as test results that demonstrate the performance of prototype devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Habitat (Ecology)
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Smoke prevention
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - detection
KW  - Fire signatures
KW  - particles
KW  - scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 103459244; Greenberg, Paul S. 1; Email Address: Paul.S.Greenberg@nasa.gov; Fischer, David G. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA-Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44136, USA; Issue Info: Jul2015, Vol. 75, p36; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Habitat (Ecology); Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Smoke prevention; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire signatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.04.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=103459244&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matsubara, Yo
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Burr, Devon M.
AU  - Williams, Rebecca M.E.
AU  - Dietrich, William E.
AU  - Moore, Jeffery M.
T1  - River meandering on Earth and Mars: A comparative study of Aeolis Dorsa meanders, Mars and possible terrestrial analogs of the Usuktuk River, AK, and the Quinn River, NV.
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 240
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 120
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - The paleo-meanders in the Aeolis Dorsa (AD) region show that meandering channels can develop in the absence of vegetation. Three possible mechanisms other than vegetation could contribute to the bank cohesion required to promote meandering: permafrost, abundant mud, and chemical cementation. Banks at the meandering Quinn River show little vegetation cover. Almost all sediment samples collected from the Quinn River deposits contain at least 41% mud (silt/clay), which is much higher than for most meandering streams. Ion chromatography (IC) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed presence of salts in river waters and sediments which may induce fine sediment to flocculate and be deposited. We find that bank cohesion promoting meandering can be provided by silt/clay, the deposition of which may be induced by dissolved salts. The sinuous Usuktuk River in the continuous permafrost region near Barrow, Alaska exhibited no exposed permafrost on stream banks. Instead vegetation seemed to be the dominant control of bank erosion. We have not found evidence for ice control of bank cohesion in this or other terrestrial rivers of similar size and in meandering pattern to the Martian AD meanders. We conclude that bank cohesion in the AD meanders was probably provided by deposition of fine suspended sediment that was flocculated by dissolved salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - River sediments
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Meandering rivers
KW  - Earth analogs
KW  - Cementation (Petrology)
KW  - Ion exchange chromatography
KW  - Aeolis Dorsa
KW  - Mud-dominated
KW  - Permafrost controlled
KW  - Terrestrial analog
N1  - Accession Number: 102494145; Matsubara, Yo 1; Email Address: matsubaray@si.edu; Howard, Alan D. 2; Burr, Devon M. 3; Williams, Rebecca M.E. 4; Dietrich, William E. 5; Moore, Jeffery M. 6; Affiliations: 1: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Independence Ave., 6th St. SW, MRC 315, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States; 2: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, United States; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, United States; 4: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, United States; 5: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, United States; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Issue Info: Jul2015, Vol. 240, p102; Thesaurus Term: River sediments; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Subject Term: Meandering rivers; Subject Term: Earth analogs; Subject Term: Cementation (Petrology); Subject Term: Ion exchange chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeolis Dorsa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mud-dominated; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permafrost controlled; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial analog; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102494145&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
T1  - An introduction to the data and tools of planetary geomorphology.
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 240
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 145
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - This manuscript presents a review of data used by planetary geomorphologists and the software tools needed to prepare, process, and analyze those data, along with an example of doing so. Visible image capture and the photometric and geometric processing of those images are reviewed, as are laser altimetry data, and terrain data derived from images via stereogrammetry. Image processing, geographic, and geospatial software tools are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Geomorphology
KW  - Imaging systems in geology
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Image analysis
KW  - Geometric analysis
KW  - GIS
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary
KW  - Stereo
N1  - Accession Number: 102494146; Beyer, Ross A. 1,2; Email Address: Ross.A.Beyer@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, United States; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Issue Info: Jul2015, Vol. 240, p137; Thesaurus Term: Geomorphology; Subject Term: Imaging systems in geology; Subject Term: Image processing; Subject Term: Image analysis; Subject Term: Geometric analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: GIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stereo; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.11.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=102494146&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharma, Ashish
AU  - Melancon, Justin M.
AU  - Bailey, Sheila G.
AU  - Zivanovic, Sandra R.
T1  - Betavoltaic Cells Using P3HT Semiconductive Conjugated Polymer.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2015/07//
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 62
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2320
EP  - 2326
SN  - 00189383
AB  - The need for extreme-duration light-weight power sources for space applications motivates the study and development of polymer-based betavoltaics. The betavoltaic device, based on the semiconductive polymer–fullerene blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA), is demonstrated here for the first time. Both direct and indirect energy conversion methods were explored. For the indirect conversion method, a phosphor intermediate layer of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) was used on top of the polymer device. A high open circuit voltage of 0.56 V has been achieved in the betavoltaic device fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with indirect energy conversion at 30-keV electron kinetic energy. The maximum output electrical power of 62 nW was achieved at 30-keV input electron beam (e-beam) energy. The highest betavoltaic power conversion efficiency of 0.78% was achieved at an e-beam energy of 10 keV. Using the thin PET substrate instead of a glass substrate for the polymer device and phosphor screen fabrication, the betavoltaic device performance has been significantly improved due to a reduction in physical distance between photon-generating Ce:YAG phosphor screen and photon-absorbing P3HT:ICBA layer. The use of the PET substrates helped by significantly decreasing the directional and external interaction losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONJUGATED polymers -- Research
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - YTTRIUM aluminum garnet
KW  - POLYETHYLENE terephthalate
N1  - Accession Number: 103304496; Source Information: Jul2015, Vol. 62 Issue 7, p2320; Subject Term: CONJUGATED polymers -- Research; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: YTTRIUM aluminum garnet; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE terephthalate; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2015.2434852
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=103304496&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - 
AU  - Jia Zhang1
AU  - Chris Lee1
AU  - Votava, Petr2,3
AU  - Lee, Tsengdar J.3
AU  - Shuai Wang1
AU  - Sriram, Venkatesh1
AU  - Saini, Neeraj1
AU  - Rao, Pujita1
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna1
T1  - A Trust-Powered Technique to Facilitate Scientific Tool Discovery and Recommendation.
JO  - International Journal of Web Services Research
JF  - International Journal of Web Services Research
J1  - International Journal of Web Services Research
PY  - 2015/07//Jul-Sep2015
Y1  - 2015/07//Jul-Sep2015
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
CP  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
EP  - 47
SN  - 15457362
AB  - While the open science community engenders many similar scientific tools as services, how to differentiate them and help scientists select and reuse existing software services developed by peers remains a challenge. Most of the existing service discovery approaches focus on finding candidate services based on functional and non-functional requirements as well as historical usage analysis. Complementary to the existing methods, this paper proposes to leverage human trust to facilitate software service selection and recommendation. A trust model is presented that leverages the implicit human factor to help quantify the trustworthiness of candidate services. A hierarchical Knowledge-Social-Trust (KST) network model is established to extract hidden knowledge from various publication repositories (e.g., DBLP) and social networks (e.g., Twitter and DBLP). As a proof of concept, a prototyping service has been developed to help scientists evaluate and visualize trust of services. The performance factor is studied and experience is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - Software as a service
KW  - Scientific software
KW  - Online social networks
KW  - Workflow software
KW  - Rapid prototyping
KW  - Knowledge-Social-Trust (KST) Network Model
KW  - Scientific Workflows
KW  - Social Networks
KW  - Trustbased Recommendation
KW  - Workflow Recommendation
N1  - Accession Number: 103604717; Authors: Jia Zhang 1; Chris Lee 1; Votava, Petr 2,3; Lee, Tsengdar J. 3; Shuai Wang 1; Sriram, Venkatesh 1; Saini, Neeraj 1; Rao, Pujita 1; Nemani, Ramakrishna 1; Affiliations:  1: Carnegie Mellon University, Silicon Valley, CA, USA;  2: ASA Ames Research Center, Silicon Valley, USA;  3: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C., USA; Subject: Software as a service; Subject: Scientific software; Subject: Online social networks; Subject: Workflow software; Subject: Rapid prototyping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knowledge-Social-Trust (KST) Network Model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific Workflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social Networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trustbased Recommendation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Workflow Recommendation; Number of Pages: 23p; Record Type: Article
L3  - 10.4018/IJWSR.2015070102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=lls&AN=103604717&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lls
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuzcu, Ilhan
AU  - Nhan Nguyen
T1  - Flutter of Maneuvering Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2015/07//
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The objective of this paper is to investigate how the aeroelastic stability, particularly flutter, is affected by aircraft maneuvers. The authors' investigation is based on a comprehensive mathematical model of aircraft, which is achieved by seamlessly integrating all the disciplines pertinent to flight of aircraft. The aircraft is treated as an unstrained, flexible multibody system subject to unsteady aerodynamics. The bodies are fuselage, wing, and horizontal and vertical stabilizers, whose structures are modeled as beams in bending and torsion. The equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's equations in quasi-coordinates. The resulting equations are a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of relatively high order. The final model is used to determine flutter speeds of aircraft at steady level turn and steady climb at various altitudes. These maneuvers are especially chosen to keep the equations time invariant. The numerical results are given for a generic transport model (GTM). The stability of a GTM is affected by turn radius, climb angle, and altitude. The results for climbing flight can be extended to address stability of gliding flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - FLYING-machines
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 103352012; Source Information: Jul2015, Vol. 28 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: FLYING-machines; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000415
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=103352012&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Slotnick, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Overview and Summary of the Second AIAA High-Lift Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/07//
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1006
EP  - 1025
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Second AIAA CFD High-Lift Prediction Workshop was held in San Diego, California in June 2013. The goals of the workshop continued in the tradition of the first high-lift workshop: to assess the numerical prediction capability of current-generation computational fluid dynamics technology for swept, medium-/high-aspect-ratio wings in landing/takeoff (high-lift) configurations. This workshop analyzed the flow over the DLR-F11 model in landing configuration at two different Reynolds numbers. Twenty-six participants submitted a total of 48 data sets of computational fluid dynamics results. A variety of grid systems (both structured and unstructured) were used. Trends due to grid density and Reynolds number were analyzed, and effects of support brackets were also included. This paper analyzes the combined results from all workshop participants. Comparisons with experimental data are made. A statistical summary of the computational fluid dynamics results is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - ELECTRON tubes -- Grids -- Research
KW  - FLUID dynamics -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 108955897; Source Information: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1006; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTRON tubes -- Grids -- Research; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 20p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032864
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=108955897&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee-Rausch, E. M.
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
AU  - Park, M. A.
T1  - Grid-Adapted FUN3D Computations for the Second High-Lift Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/07//
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1098
EP  - 1111
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Contributions of the unstructured Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes code FUN3D to the 2nd AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics High-Lift Prediction Workshop are described, and detailed comparisons are made with experimental data. Using workshop-supplied grids, FUN3D results for the simplified high-lift configuration are compared with results from the structured code CFL3D. Using the same turbulence model, both codes compare reasonably well in terms of total forces and moment, and the maximum lift is similarly over-predicted for both codes compared to experiment. By including more representative geometry features such as slat and flap support brackets and slat pressure tube bundles, FUN3D captures the general effects of the Reynolds number variation, but under-predicts maximum lift on workshop-supplied grids in comparison with the experimental data due to excessive separation. However, when output-based, off-body grid adaptation in FUN3D is employed, results improve considerably. In particular, when the geometry includes both brackets and the pressure tube bundles, grid adaptation results in a more accurate prediction of lift near stall in comparison with the wind-tunnel data. Furthermore, a rotation-corrected turbulence model shows improved pressure predictions on the outboard span when using adapted grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS number -- Research
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Research
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems) -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 108955903; Source Information: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1098; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number -- Research; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems) -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033192
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=108955903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodio, J. J.
AU  - Xiao, X.
AU  - Hassan, H. A.
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
T1  - NASA Trapezoidal-Wing Simulation Using Stress-ω, and One- and Two-Equation Turbulence Models.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/07//
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1189
EP  - 1200
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Wilcox 2006 stress-ω model (also referred to as WilcoxRSM-w2006) has been implemented in the NASA Langley Research Center code CFL3D, and used to study a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations. It predicted a variety of basic cases reasonably well, including secondary flow in a supersonic rectangular duct. One- and two-equation turbulence models that employ the Boussinesq constitutive relation were unable to predict this secondary flow accurately because it is driven by normal turbulent-stress differences. For the NASA trapezoidal wing at high angles of attack, the WilcoxRSM-w2006 model predicted lower maximum lift than the experiment, similar to the results of a two-equation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) -- Mathematical models -- Research
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models -- Research
KW  - ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics) -- Research
KW  - FLUID dynamics -- Mathematical models -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 108955910; Source Information: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1189; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) -- Mathematical models -- Research; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models -- Research; Subject Term: ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics) -- Research; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics -- Mathematical models -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032848
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=108955910&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
AU  - Dunning, Peter D.
T1  - Optimal Topology of Aircraft Rib and Spar Structures Under Aeroelastic Loads.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/07//
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1298
EP  - 1311
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Several topology optimization problems are conducted within the ribs and spars of a wing box. It is desired to locate the best position of lightening holes, truss/cross-bracing, etc. A variety of aeroelastic metrics are isolated for each of these problems: elastic wing compliance under trim loads and taxi loads, stress distribution, and crushing loads. Aileron effectiveness under a constant roll rate is considered as are dynamic metrics: natural vibration frequency and flutter. This approach helps uncover the relationship between topology and aeroelasticity in subsonic transport wings and can therefore aid in understanding the complex aircraft design process that must eventually consider all these metrics and load cases simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization -- Research
KW  - AEROELASTICITY -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Research
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics) -- Research
KW  - SUBSONIC flow -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 108955920; Source Information: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1298; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization -- Research; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Research; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Aeronautics) -- Research; Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032913
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=108955920&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Wesley W.
AU  - Chan-gi Pak
T1  - Mass Balancing Optimization Study to Reduce Flutter Speeds of the X-56A Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/07//
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1359
EP  - 1365
SN  - 00218669
N1  - Accession Number: 108955926; Source Information: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1359; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=108955926&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rathsam, Jonathan
AU  - Loubeau, Alexandra
AU  - Klos, Jacob
T1  - Effects of indoor rattle sounds on annoyance caused by sonic booms.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 138
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - EL43
EP  - EL48
SN  - 00014966
AB  - To expand national air transportation capabilities, NASA's Commercial Supersonic Technology Project is working to make supersonic flight practical for commercial passengers. As an aid in designing and certifying quiet supersonic aircraft, a noise metric is sought that will correspond to indoor annoyance caused by sonic booms, including the effects of indoor rattle sounds. This study examines how well several common aircraft noise metrics predict indoor annoyance based on the indoor and outdoor sound fields. The results suggest notional community annoyance models that include the effects of indoor rattle sounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes -- Research
KW  - SONIC boom -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise -- Research
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 108683665; Rathsam, Jonathan 1; Email Address: jonathan.rathsam@nasa.gov; Loubeau, Alexandra 1; Email Address: a.loubeau@nasa.gov; Klos, Jacob 1; Email Address: j.klos@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1 : Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA;  Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 138 Issue 1, pEL43; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes -- Research; Subject Term: SONIC boom -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise -- Research; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics -- Research; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.4922535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mah&AN=108683665&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steel, H. C. B.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Andersen, D. T.
T1  - Modeling circulation and seasonal fluctuations in perennially ice-covered and ice-walled Lake Untersee, Antarctica.
JO  - Limnology & Oceanography
JF  - Limnology & Oceanography
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1139
EP  - 1155
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 00243590
AB  - Lake Untersee, Antarctica, is a freshwater perennially ice covered lake bounded along its north by the Anuchin glacier. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model, used on a representative wedge-shaped lake and actual bathymetry for Lake Untersee, produces estimates for circulation and long-term temperature and mixing trends. Modeled circulation is dominated by an anticyclonic gyre in front of the glacier, with slower [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Limnology & Oceanography is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Marine geophysics
KW  - Lake circulation
KW  - Glaciers
KW  - Ice formation & growth
KW  - Bathymetry
N1  - Accession Number: 108350915; Steel, H. C. B. 1; McKay, C. P. 1; Andersen, D. T. 2; Affiliations: 1: MS-245-3 NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field; 2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View; Issue Info: Jul2015, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p1139; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Marine geophysics; Subject Term: Lake circulation; Subject Term: Glaciers; Subject Term: Ice formation & growth; Subject Term: Bathymetry; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/lno.10086
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108350915&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Healy, Alice
AU  - Tack, Lindsay
AU  - Schneider, Vivian
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
T1  - Training specificity and transfer in time and distance estimation.
JO  - Memory & Cognition
JF  - Memory & Cognition
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 736
EP  - 747
SN  - 0090502X
AB  - Learning is often specific to the conditions of training, making it important to identify which aspects of the testing environment are crucial to be matched in the training environment. In the present study, we examined training specificity in time and distance estimation tasks that differed only in the focus of processing (FOP). External spatial cues were provided for the distance estimation task and for the time estimation task in one condition, but not in another. The presence of a concurrent alphabet secondary task was manipulated during training and testing in all estimation conditions in Experiment 1. For distance as well as for time estimation in both conditions, training of the primary estimation task was found to be specific to the presence of the secondary task. In Experiments 2 and 3, we examined transfer between one estimation task and another, with no secondary task in either case. When all conditions were equal aside from the FOP instructions, including the presence of external spatial cues, Experiment 2 showed 'transfer' between tasks, suggesting that training might not be specific to the FOP. When the external spatial cues were removed from the time estimation task, Experiment 3 showed no transfer between time and distance estimations, suggesting that external task cues influenced the procedures used in the estimation tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Memory & Cognition is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - RESEARCH -- Finance
KW  - TRAINING
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - DESCRIPTIVE statistics
KW  - ABILITY
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - JUDGMENT (Psychology)
KW  - LEARNING
KW  - TIME
KW  - TRANSFER of training
KW  - UNDERGRADUATES
KW  - Distance estimation
KW  - Skill acquisition
KW  - Time estimation
KW  - Training specificity
KW  - Transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 103364786; Healy, Alice 1; Email Address: alice.healy@colorado.edu; Tack, Lindsay 1; Schneider, Vivian 1; Barshi, Immanuel 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger Building, 345 UCB Boulder 80309-0345 USA; 2: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View USA; Issue Info: Jul2015, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p736; Thesaurus Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Thesaurus Term: TRAINING; Thesaurus Term: TASK performance; Thesaurus Term: DESCRIPTIVE statistics; Subject Term: ABILITY; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: JUDGMENT (Psychology); Subject Term: LEARNING; Subject Term: TIME; Subject Term: TRANSFER of training; Subject Term: UNDERGRADUATES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distance estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skill acquisition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Training specificity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transfer; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3758/s13421-015-0503-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=103364786&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 109807500
T1  - Training specificity and transfer in time and distance estimation.
AU  - Healy, Alice
AU  - Tack, Lindsay
AU  - Schneider, Vivian
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
Y1  - 2015/07//
N1  - Accession Number: 109807500. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150826. Revision Date: 20151008. Publication Type: Journal Article; research; tables/charts. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. Special Interest: Psychiatry/Psychology. Grant Information: This research was supported in part by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Grant Numbers NNX10AC87A and NNX14AB75A to the University of Colorado.. NLM UID: 0357443. 
KW  - Learning
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Time
KW  - Transfer (Psychology)
KW  - Task Performance and Analysis
KW  - Judgment
KW  - Skill Acquisition
KW  - Students, Undergraduate
KW  - Human
KW  - Analysis of Variance
KW  - Descriptive Statistics
KW  - Funding Source
SP  - 736
EP  - 747
JO  - Memory & Cognition
JF  - Memory & Cognition
JA  - MEM COGNIT
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
AB  - Learning is often specific to the conditions of training, making it important to identify which aspects of the testing environment are crucial to be matched in the training environment. In the present study, we examined training specificity in time and distance estimation tasks that differed only in the focus of processing (FOP). External spatial cues were provided for the distance estimation task and for the time estimation task in one condition, but not in another. The presence of a concurrent alphabet secondary task was manipulated during training and testing in all estimation conditions in Experiment 1. For distance as well as for time estimation in both conditions, training of the primary estimation task was found to be specific to the presence of the secondary task. In Experiments 2 and 3, we examined transfer between one estimation task and another, with no secondary task in either case. When all conditions were equal aside from the FOP instructions, including the presence of external spatial cues, Experiment 2 showed 'transfer' between tasks, suggesting that training might not be specific to the FOP. When the external spatial cues were removed from the time estimation task, Experiment 3 showed no transfer between time and distance estimations, suggesting that external task cues influenced the procedures used in the estimation tasks.
SN  - 0090-502X
AD  - Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger Building, 345 UCB Boulder 80309-0345 USA
AD  - Human Systems Integration Division, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View USA
U2  - PMID: 25616777.
DO  - 10.3758/s13421-015-0503-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=109807500&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Just, Allan C.
AU  - Wright, Robert O.
AU  - Schwartz, Joel
AU  - Coull, Brent A.
AU  - Baccarelli, Andrea A.
AU  - Tellez-Rojo, Martha María
AU  - Moody, Emily
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Kloog, Itai
T1  - Using High-Resolution Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth To Estimate Daily PM2.5 Geographical Distribution in Mexico City.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/07/21/
VL  - 49
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 8576
EP  - 8584
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Recent advances in estimating fine particle (PM2.5) ambient concentrations use daily satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) for spatially and temporally resolved exposure estimates. Mexico City is a dense megacity that differs from other previously modeled regions in several ways: it has bright land surfaces, a distinctive climatological cycle, and an elevated semi-enclosed air basin with a unique planetary boundary layer dynamic. We extend our previous satellite methodology to the Mexico City area, a region with higher PM2.5 than most U.S. and European urban areas. Using a novel 1 km resolution AOD product from the MODIS instrument, we constructed daily predictions across the greater Mexico City area for 2004-2014. We calibrated the association of AOD to PM2.5 daily using municipal ground monitors, land use, and meteorological features. Predictions used spatial and temporal smoothing to estimate AOD when satellite data were missing. Our model performed well, resulting in an out-of-sample cross-validation R² of 0.724. Cross-validated root-mean-squared prediction error (RMSPE) of the model was 5.55 μg/m³. This novel model reconstructs long- and short-term spatially resolved exposure to PM2.5 for epidemiological studies in Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Spatiotemporal processes
KW  - Mexico
N1  - Accession Number: 115707532; Just, Allan C. 1; Email Address: acjust@hsph.harvard.edu; Wright, Robert O. 2; Schwartz, Joel 1; Coull, Brent A. 3; Baccarelli, Andrea A. 1; Tellez-Rojo, Martha María 4; Moody, Emily 5; Wang, Yujie 6; Lyapustin, Alexei 7; Kloog, Itai 8; Affiliations: 1: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States; 2: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States; 3: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States; 4: Center of Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico; 5: Department of Internal Medicine−Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States; 6: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 613, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States; 8: Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; Issue Info: 7/21/2015, Vol. 49 Issue 14, p8576; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Subject Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: Spatiotemporal processes; Subject: Mexico; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.5b00859
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115707532&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Yaodeng
AU  - Wang, Hongli
AU  - Min, Jinzhong
AU  - Huang, Xiang-Yu
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Zhang, Ruizhi
AU  - Haggerty, Julie
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
T1  - Variational Assimilation of Cloud Liquid/Ice Water Path and Its Impact on NWP.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1809
EP  - 1825
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Analysis of the cloud components in numerical weather prediction models using advanced data assimilation techniques has been a prime topic in recent years. In this research, the variational data assimilation (DA) system for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (WRFDA) is further developed to assimilate satellite cloud products that will produce the cloud liquid water and ice water analysis. Observation operators for the cloud liquid water path and cloud ice water path are developed and incorporated into the WRFDA system. The updated system is tested by assimilating cloud liquid water path and cloud ice water path observations from Global Geostationary Gridded Cloud Products at NASA. To assess the impact of cloud liquid/ice water path data assimilation on short-term regional numerical weather prediction (NWP), 3-hourly cycling data assimilation and forecast experiments with and without the use of the cloud liquid/ice water paths are conducted. It is shown that assimilating cloud liquid/ice water paths increases the accuracy of temperature, humidity, and wind analyses at model levels between 300 and 150 hPa after 5 cycles (15 h). It is also shown that assimilating cloud liquid/ice water paths significantly reduces forecast errors in temperature and wind at model levels between 300 and 150 hPa. The precipitation forecast skills are improved as well. One reason that leads to the improved analysis and forecast is that the 3-hourly rapid update cycle carries over the impact of cloud information from the previous cycles spun up by the WRF Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Data assimilation
N1  - Accession Number: 108938855; Chen, Yaodeng 1; Wang, Hongli 2,3; Min, Jinzhong 1; Huang, Xiang-Yu 4; Minnis, Patrick 5; Zhang, Ruizhi 1; Haggerty, Julie 6; Palikonda, Rabindra 7; Affiliations: 1: * Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; 3: Global Systems Division, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 4: Centre for Climate Research Singapore, Meteorological Service Singapore, Singapore; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 6: ** National Center for Atmospheric Research,## Boulder, Colorado; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Aug2015, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p1809; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Weather forecasting; Subject Term: Clouds; Subject Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Humidity; Subject Term: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data assimilation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0243.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108938855&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saitta, Erin K.H.
AU  - Gittings, Michael J.
AU  - Novaes-Card, Simone
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline
AU  - Clausen, Christian
AU  - O'Hara, Suzanne
AU  - Yestrebsky, Cherie L.
T1  - Case study of a non-destructive treatment method for the remediation of military structures containing polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated paint.
JO  - Journal of Environmental Management
JF  - Journal of Environmental Management
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 158
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 47
SN  - 03014797
AB  - Restricted by federal regulations and limited remediation options, buildings contaminated with paint laden with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have high costs associated with the disposal of hazardous materials. As opposed to current remediation methods which are often destructive and a risk to the surrounding environment, this study suggests a non-metal treatment system (NMTS) and a bimetallic treatment system (BTS) as versatile remediation options for painted industrial structures including concrete buildings, and metal machine parts. In this field study, four areas of a discontinued Department of Defense site were treated and monitored over 3 weeks. PCB levels in paint and treatment system samples were analyzed through gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC-ECD). PCB concentrations were reduced by 95 percent on painted concrete and by 60–97 percent on painted metal with the majority of the PCB removal occurring within the first week of application. Post treatment laboratory studies including the utilization of an activated metal treatment system (AMTS) further degraded PCBs in BTS and NMTS by up to 82 percent and 99 percent, respectively, indicating that a two-step remediation option is viable. These findings demonstrate that the NMTS and BTS can be an effective, nondestructive, remediation process for large painted structures, allowing for the reuse or sale of remediated materials that otherwise may have been disposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Environmental Management is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polychlorinated biphenyls -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Nonmetals
KW  - Environmental risk assessment
KW  - Nondestructive testing
KW  - Electron capture
KW  - Ball mill
KW  - Magnesium
KW  - Paint
KW  - PCB
KW  - Remediation
N1  - Accession Number: 102981468; Saitta, Erin K.H. 1; Email Address: erin.saitta@ucf.edu; Gittings, Michael J. 1; Email Address: michael.gittings@cardno.com; Novaes-Card, Simone 1; Email Address: simone.novaes-card@agilent.com; Quinn, Jacqueline 2; Email Address: jacqueline.w.quinn@NASA.gov; Clausen, Christian 1; Email Address: christian.clausen@ucf.edu; O'Hara, Suzanne 3; Email Address: SOHara@Geosyntec.com; Yestrebsky, Cherie L. 1; Email Address: cherie.yestrebsky@ucf.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2366, United States; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States; 3: Geosyntec Consultants, 130 Research Lane Ste.2, Guelph, ON N1GG3, Canada; Issue Info: Aug2015, Vol. 158, p40; Thesaurus Term: Polychlorinated biphenyls -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Nonmetals; Thesaurus Term: Environmental risk assessment; Subject Term: Nondestructive testing; Subject Term: Electron capture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ball mill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnesium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paint; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remediation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Magar, Kaman Thapa
AU  - Balas, Mark J
AU  - Frost, Susan
T1  - Direct adaptive control for individual blade pitch control of wind turbines for load reduction.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 26
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1564
EP  - 1572
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - In this article, a theory of adaptive disturbance rejection control is used to design an individual blade pitch controller to reduce the loading in a utility-scale wind turbine. The goal of the adaptive disturbance rejection control is to regulate the blade pitch angle individually to reduce the asymmetrical loading in blade due to vertical wind shear and also to reject the unnecessary disturbance introduced by the wind turbulence. The applicability of the theory is illustrated by implementing the controller in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's 5-MW nonlinear, high-fidelity wind turbine model and simulating it in MATLAB/Simulink. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - WIND power
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - PITCH control (Aerospace engineering)
KW  - ELECTRIC properties
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - individual blade pitch control
KW  - load reduction
KW  - wind energy
N1  - Accession Number: 108546067; Magar, Kaman Thapa 1; Email Address: kamanmagar@hotmail.com; Balas, Mark J 1; Frost, Susan 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, FL, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Aug2015, Vol. 26 Issue 12, p1564; Thesaurus Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Thesaurus Term: WIND power; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: PITCH control (Aerospace engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRIC properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: individual blade pitch control; Author-Supplied Keyword: load reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: wind energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221115 Wind Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4413
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X14566527
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 109610043
T1  - Help from above: outer space and the fight against Ebola.
AU  - Asrar, Farhan M
AU  - Asrar, Suhail
AU  - Clark, Jonathan B
AU  - Kendall, David J W
AU  - Ngo-Anh, Thu Jennifer
AU  - Brazeau, Stephanie
AU  - Hulsroj, Peter
AU  - Williams, Richard S
Y1  - 2015/08//
N1  - Accession Number: 109610043. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150923. Revision Date: 20151101. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 101130150. 
SP  - 873
EP  - 875
JO  - Lancet Infectious Diseases
JF  - Lancet Infectious Diseases
JA  - LANCET INFECT DIS
VL  - 15
IS  - 8
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Elsevier Science
SN  - 1473-3099
AD  - Health and Counselling Center, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; International Space University, Strasbourg, France. Electronic address: farhan.asrar@utoronto.ca.
AD  - University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
AD  - Department of Neurology/Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
AD  - Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, United Nations, Vienna, Austria; Canadian Space Agency, John H Chapman Space Centre, Saint-Hubert, QC, Canada.
AD  - Head of Human Research Unit, Directorate of Human Spaceflight and Operations, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands.
AD  - Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
AD  - European Space Policy Institute, Vienna, Austria.
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA.
U2  - PMID: 26227751.
DO  - 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00153-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scoville, J.
AU  - Heraud, J.
AU  - Freund, F.
T1  - Pre-earthquake magnetic pulses.
JO  - Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences
JF  - Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 15
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1873
EP  - 1880
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 15618633
AB  - A semiconductor model of rocks is shown to describe unipolar magnetic pulses, a phenomenon that has been observed prior to earthquakes. These pulses are suspected to be generated deep in the Earth's crust, in and around the hypocentral volume, days or even weeks before earthquakes. Their extremely long wavelength allows them to pass through kilometers of rock. Interestingly, when the sources of these pulses are triangulated, the locations coincide with the epicenters of future earthquakes. We couple a drift-diffusion semiconductor model to a magnetic field in order to describe the electromagnetic effects associated with electrical currents flowing within rocks. The resulting system of equations is solved numerically and it is seen that a volume of rock may act as a diode that produces transient currents when it switches bias. These unidirectional currents are expected to produce transient unipolar magnetic pulses similar in form, amplitude, and duration to those observed before earthquakes, and this suggests that the pulses could be the result of geophysical semiconductor processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Natural Hazards & Earth System Sciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Earthquakes
KW  - Magnetic fields
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Semiconductors
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Electromagnetic fields
N1  - Accession Number: 109223738; Scoville, J. 1,2,3; Email Address: atpsynthase@mail.com; Heraud, J. 4; Freund, F. 1,2,3; Affiliations: 1: San Jose State University, Dept. of Physics, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA; 2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 8, p1873; Thesaurus Term: Earthquakes; Thesaurus Term: Magnetic fields; Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Subject Term: Semiconductors; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Electromagnetic fields; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/nhess-15-1873-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bougher, S.W.
AU  - Brecht, A.S.
AU  - Schulte, R.
AU  - Fischer, J.
AU  - Parkinson, C.D.
AU  - Mahieux, A.
AU  - Wilquet, V.
AU  - Vandaele, A.
T1  - Upper atmosphere temperature structure at the Venusian terminators: A comparison of SOIR and VTGCM results.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 113/114
M3  - Article
SP  - 336
EP  - 346
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Venus Express SOIR terminator profiles of CO 2 densities and corresponding temperatures have been determined for 132 selected orbits obtained between 2006 and 2013. These recently recalibrated measurements provide temperature profiles at the Venusian terminator over approximately 70–160 km, revealing a striking permanent temperature minimum (at about 125 km) and a weaker temperature maximum (over 100–110 km). In addition, topside temperatures (above 140 km) reveal a warming trend consistent with a typical thermospheric structure. These features are reflected in the corresponding CO 2 density profiles, and provide detailed constraints for global circulation models of the upper atmosphere. New Venus Thermospheric General Circulation Model (VTGCM) simulations are presented for conditions appropriate to these SOIR measurements. In particular, solar minimum to moderate fluxes are specified and mean values of eddy diffusion and wave drag parameters are utilized. Recent upgrades to the VTGCM code now include more realistic lower boundary conditions at ~ 70 km near cloud tops. Model temperature profiles are extracted from the terminators that correspond to five latitude bins presently used in the SOIR data analysis. Averaging of VTGCM temperature profiles in each of these bins (at each terminator) is conducted to match SOIR sampling. Comparisons of these SOIR and VTGCM temperature profiles are shown. Most notably, the observed temperature minimum near 125 km and the weaker temperature maximum over 100–110 km are generally reproduced by the VTGCM at the correct pressure/altitude levels. However, magnitudes of simulated and measured temperatures are somewhat different as a function of latitude. In addition, VTGCM evening terminator (ET) temperatures are simulated to be modestly warmer than corresponding morning terminator (MT) values, a result of stronger ET than MT zonal winds at/above about 130 km. The SOIR terminator temperatures thus far do not reveal this consistent trend, suggesting the VTGCM climate based winds may not precisely represent the averaged conditions during SOIR sampling. Overall, these data-model comparisons reveal that both radiative and dynamical processes are responsible for maintaining averaged temperatures and driving significant variations in terminator temperature profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Upper atmosphere
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - General circulation model
KW  - Venus (Planet)
KW  - Atmospheric structure
KW  - Terminators (Astronomy)
KW  - Thermal balance
KW  - Thermal structure
KW  - Venus
KW  - Venus Express mission
KW  - VTGCM
N1  - Accession Number: 103427199; Bougher, S.W. 1; Email Address: bougher@umich.edu; Brecht, A.S. 2,3; Schulte, R. 4; Fischer, J. 5; Parkinson, C.D. 1; Mahieux, A. 6,7; Wilquet, V. 6; Vandaele, A. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, MSC 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA; 5: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; 6: Planetary Aeronomy, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium; 7: Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, rue d׳Egmont 5, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Issue Info: Aug2015, Vol. 113/114, p336; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Upper atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Thesaurus Term: General circulation model; Subject Term: Venus (Planet); Subject Term: Atmospheric structure; Subject Term: Terminators (Astronomy); Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus Express mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: VTGCM; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.01.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Shape-changing Flap Project Meets First Milestone.
AU  - Merlin, Peter
JO  - Soaring
JF  - Soaring
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 79
IS  - 8
SP  - 6
EP  - 7
SN  - 00377503
N1  - Accession Number: 108727073; Author: Merlin, Peter: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Public Affairs NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center; No. of Pages: 2; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20150806
N2  - The article reports on the successful performance of the Adaptive Compliant Trailing Edge (ACTE) shape-changing flaps that reduce drag, structural weight and aircraft noise, designed by Michigan-based engineering firm FlexSys Inc. for the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) Project.
KW  - AIRCRAFT carriers
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Environmentally Responsible Aviation Group
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zamora, L. M.
AU  - Kahn, R. A.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - McFarquhar, G. M.
AU  - Nenes, A.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Zelenyuk, A.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
T1  - Aircraft-measured indirect cloud effects from biomass burning smoke in the Arctic and subarctic.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/08/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 22823
EP  - 22887
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The incidence of wildfires in the Arctic and subarctic is increasing; in boreal North America, for example, the burned area is expected to increase by 200-300% over the next 50-100 years, which previous studies suggest could have a large effect on cloud microphysics, lifetime, albedo, and precipitation. However, the interactions between smoke particles and clouds remain poorly quantified due to confounding meteorological influences and remote sensing limitations. Here, we use data from several aircraft campaigns in the Arctic and subarctic to explore cloud microphysics in liquid-phase clouds influenced by biomass burning. Median cloud droplet radii in smoky clouds were ~50% smaller than in background clouds. Based on the relationship between cloud droplet number (Nliq) and various biomass burning tracers (BBt) across the multi-campaign dataset, we calculated the magnitude of subarctic and Arctic smoke aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI, where ACI= (1/3)×dln(Nliq)/dln(BBt)) to be ~0.12 out of a maximum possible value of 0.33 that would be obtained if all aerosols were to nucleate cloud 15 droplets. Interestingly, in a separate subarctic case study with low liquid water content (~0.02 gm-3) and very high aerosol concentrations (2000-3000 cm-3) in the most polluted clouds, the estimated ACI value was only 0.06. In this case, competition for water vapor by the high concentration of CCN strongly limited the formation of droplets and reduced the cloud albedo effect, which highlights the importance of cloud feedbacks across scales. Using our calculated ACI values, we estimate that the smoke-driven cloud albedo effect may decrease shortwave radiative flux by 2-4Wm-2 or more under some low and homogeneous cloud cover conditions in the subarctic, although the changes should be smaller in high surface albedo regions of the Arctic. We lastly show evidence to suggest that numerous northern latitude background Aitken particles can interact with combustion particles, perhaps impacting their properties as cloud condensation and ice nuclei. However, the influence of background particles on smoke-driven indirect effects is currently unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Smoke
KW  - Wildfires
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Subarctic region
KW  - North America
N1  - Accession Number: 109253611; Zamora, L. M. 1,2; Email Address: laurenge@gmail.com; Kahn, R. A. 1; Cubison, M. J. 3; Diskin, G. S. 4; Jimenez, J. L. 3; Kondo, Y. 5; McFarquhar, G. M. 6; Nenes, A. 7,8,9; Thornhill, K. L. 4; Wisthaler, A. 10,11; Zelenyuk, A. 12; Ziemba, L. D. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 3: CIRES and Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan; 6: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; 7: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 8: Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Patras, Greece; 9: National Observatory of Athens, Greece; 10: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 11: Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 12: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 16, p22823; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Smoke; Thesaurus Term: Wildfires; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Subject Term: Subarctic region; Subject: North America; Number of Pages: 65p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 8 Charts, 11 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-22823-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=109253611&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuster, G. L.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Arola, A.
AU  - Eck, T. F.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
T1  - Remote sensing of soot carbon -- Part 2: Understanding the absorption Angstrom exponent.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/08/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 20911
EP  - 20956
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Recently, some authors have suggested that the absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) can be used to deduce the component aerosol absorption optical depths (AAOD) of carbonaceous aerosols in the AERONET database. This "AAE approach" presumes that AAE<<1 for soot carbon, which contrasts the traditional small particle limit of AAE = 1 for soot carbon. Thus, we provide an overview of the AERONET retrieval, and investigate how the microphysics of carbonaceous aerosols can be interpreted in the AERONET AAE product. We find that AAE<<1 in the AERONET database requires large coarse mode fractions and/or imaginary refractive indices that increase with wavelength. Neither of these characteristics are consistent with the current definition of soot carbon, so we explore other possibilities for the cause of AAE<<1. We note that AAE is related to particle size, and that coarse mode particles have a smaller AAE than fine mode particles for a given aerosol mixture of species. We also note that the mineral goethite has an imaginary refractive index that increases with wavelength, is very common in dust regions, and can easily contribute to AAE<<1. We find that AAE<<1 can not be caused by soot carbon, unless soot carbon has an imaginary refractive index that increases with wavelength throughout the visible and near infrared spectrums. Finally, AAE is not a robust parameter for separating carbonaceous absorption from dust aerosol absorption in the AERONET database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Soot
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - Carbonaceous aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 109128633; Schuster, G. L. 1; Email Address: gregory.l.schuster@nasa.gov; Dubovik, O. 2; Arola, A. 3; Eck, T. F. 4,5; Holben, B. N. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lillé 1, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; 3: Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; 4: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 16, p20911; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Soot; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Carbonaceous aerosols; Number of Pages: 46p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-20911-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arola, A.
AU  - Schuster, G. L.
AU  - Pitkänen, M. R. A.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Kokkola, H.
AU  - Lindfors, A. V.
AU  - Mielonen, T.
AU  - Raatikainen, T.
AU  - Romakkaniemi, S.
AU  - Tripathi, S. N.
AU  - Lihavainen, H.
T1  - Measurement-based direct radiative effect by brown carbon over Indo-Gangetic Plain.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/08/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 21583
EP  - 21606
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The importance of light absorbing organic aerosols, often called brown carbon (BrC), has become evident in recent years. However, there are relatively few measurement-based estimates for the direct radiative effect of BrC so far. In those earlier studies, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) measured Aerosol Absorption Optical Depth (AAOD) and Absorption Angstrom Exponent (AAE) have been exploited. However, these two pieces of information are clearly not sufficient to separate properly carbonaceous aerosols from dust, while imaginary indices of refraction would contain more and better justified information for this purpose. This is first time that the direct radiative effect (DRE) of BrC is estimated by exploiting the AERONET-retrieved imaginary indices. We estimated it for four sites in Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Karachi, Lahore, Kanpur and Gandhi College. We found a distinct seasonality, which was generally similar among all the sites, but with slightly different strengths. The monthly warming effect up to 0.5W m-2 takes place during spring season. On the other hand, BrC results in overall cooling effect in the winter season, which can reach levels close to -1 W m-2. We then estimated similarly also DRE of black carbon and total aerosol, in order to assess the relative significance of BrC radiative effect in the radiative effects of other components. Even though BrC impact seems minor in this context, we demonstrated that it is not insignificant and moreover that it is crucial to perform spectrally resolved radiative transfer calculations to obtain good estimates for DRE of BrC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon compounds
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - Gangetic Plain (India & Bangladesh)
N1  - Accession Number: 109128649; Arola, A. 1; Email Address: antti.arola@fmi.fi; Schuster, G. L. 2; Pitkänen, M. R. A. 1,3; Dubovik, O. 4; Kokkola, H. 1; Lindfors, A. V. 1; Mielonen, T. 1; Raatikainen, T. 5; Romakkaniemi, S. 1; Tripathi, S. N. 6,7; Lihavainen, H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 4: LOA, Université de Lille1/CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; 5: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; 6: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; 7: Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 16, p21583; Thesaurus Term: Carbon compounds; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Gangetic Plain (India & Bangladesh); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-21583-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, W.
AU  - Baize, R. R.
AU  - Videen, G.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Fu, Q.
T1  - A method to retrieve super-thin cloud optical depth over ocean background with polarized sunlight.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/08/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 21959
EP  - 21982
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In this work, an algorithm that uses the polarization angle of the backscattered solar radiation to detect clouds with optical depth (OD) <~ 0.3 is further developed. We find that at viewing angles within ± ~8° around the backscattering direction, the p-polarized intensity that is parallel to the meridian plane of reflected light from surface is sensitive to and nearly linearly related to the optical depth of super-thin clouds. Moreover, our sensitivity study suggests that the p-polarized intensity at these viewing angles is not sensitive to the ocean surface conditions. Using this property of p-polarized intensity, super-thin clouds' optical depth can be retrieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Sunshine
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - Optical polarization
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Brewster's angle
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - Solar radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 109128658; Sun, W. 1,2; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov; Baize, R. R. 3; Videen, G. 4,5; Hu, Y. 3; Fu, Q. 6; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 2: Mail Stop 420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 4: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 5: Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA; 6: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 16, p21959; Thesaurus Term: Sunshine; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: Optical polarization; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: Brewster's angle; Subject Term: Backscattering; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-21959-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buermann, W.
AU  - Beaulieu, C.
AU  - Parida, B.
AU  - Medvigy, D.
AU  - Collatz, G. J.
AU  - Sheffield, J.
AU  - Sarmiento, J. L.
T1  - Climate-driven shifts in continental net primary production implicated as a driver of a recent abrupt increase in the land carbon sink.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2015/08/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 13767
EP  - 13791
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - The World's ocean and land ecosystems act as sinks for anthropogenic CO2, and over the last half century their combined sink strength grew steadily with increasing CO2 emissions. Recent analyses of the global carbon budget, however, uncovered an abrupt, substantial (~1 PgC yr-1) and sustained increase in the land sink in the late 1980s whose origin remains unclear. In the absence of this prominent shift in the land sink, increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations since the late 1980s would have been ~30% larger than observed (or ~12 ppm above current levels). Global data analyses are limited in regards to attributing causes to changes in the land sink because different regions are likely responding to different drivers. Here, we address this challenge by using terrestrial biosphere models constrained by observations to determine if there is independent evidence for the abrupt strengthening of the land sink. We find that net primary production has significantly increased in the late 1980s (more so than heterotrophic respiration) consistent with the inferred increase in the global land sink, and that large-scale climate anomalies are responsible for this shift. We identify two key regions in which climatic constraints on plant growth have eased: northern Eurasia experienced warming, and northern Africa received increased precipitation. Whether these changes in continental climates are connected is uncertain, but North Atlantic climate variability is important. Our findings suggest that improved understanding of climate variability in the North Atlantic may be essential for more credible projections of the land sink under climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Carbon dioxide mitigation
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Global warming
N1  - Accession Number: 109225870; Buermann, W. 1; Email Address: w.buermann@leeds.ac.uk; Beaulieu, C. 2; Parida, B. 3; Medvigy, D. 4; Collatz, G. J. 5; Sheffield, J. 6; Sarmiento, J. L. 4; Affiliations: 1: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; 2: Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; 3: Civil Engineering Department, Shiv Nadar University, Dadri, 203207 UP, India; 4: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, 08540 Princeton, New Jersey, USA; 5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 20771 Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 6: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, 08540 Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 12 Issue 16, p13767; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide mitigation; Thesaurus Term: Biosphere; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-12-13767-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Vegetation cover change in the Upper Kings River basin of the Sierra Nevada detected using Landsat satellite image analysis.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2015/08/15/
VL  - 131
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 635
EP  - 647
SN  - 01650009
AB  - The Sierra Nevada of California is a region where large forest fires have been suppressed for over a century and future climate warming has the potential to alter vegetation cover and surface water runoff. A detailed geographic record of recent changes in vegetation cover across the Sierra Nevada remains a gap that can be filled with satellite remote sensing data. Results from Landsat image analysis over the past 25 years in the Upper Kings River basin showed that consistent increases in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have not extended above 2000 m elevation. Moreover, mean increases in NDVI since 1986 at elevations below 2000 m (which cover about half of the total basin area) have not exceeded 9 %, even in the most extreme precipitation yearly comparisons. NDVI has decreased significantly at elevations above 2000 m throughout the basin in relatively wet year comparisons since the mid-1980s. These findings conflict with any assumptions that evapotranspiration fluxes impacting river flows downstream have been altered mainly by vegetation change over most of the Upper Kings River basin in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ground vegetation cover
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Sierra Nevada (Calif. & Nev.) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Normalized difference vegetation index
N1  - Accession Number: 108330314; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: Aug2015, Vol. 131 Issue 4, p635; Thesaurus Term: Ground vegetation cover; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Sierra Nevada (Calif. & Nev.) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Normalized difference vegetation index; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10584-015-1397-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Corr, C. A.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Moore, R. H.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Winstead, E. L.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
T1  - Aerosol composition and variability in the Baltimore-Washington, DC region.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 15
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 23317
EP  - 23355
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In order to utilize satellite-based aerosol measurements for the determination of air quality, the relationship between aerosol optical properties (wavelength-dependent, column-integrated extinction measured by satellites) and mass measurements of aerosol loading (PM2.5 used for air quality monitoring) must be understood. This connection varies with many factors including those specific to the aerosol type, such as composition, size and hygroscopicity, and to the surrounding atmosphere, such as temperature, relative humidity (RH) and altitude, all of which can vary spatially and temporally. During the DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) project, extensive in-situ atmospheric profiling in the Baltimore, MD-Washington, DC region was performed during fourteen flights in July 2011. Identical flight plans and profile locations throughout the project provide meaningful statistics for determining the variability in and correlations between aerosol loading, composition, optical properties and meteorological conditions. Measured water-soluble aerosol mass was composed primarily of ammonium sulfate (campaign average of 32 %) and organics (57 %). A distinct difference in composition was observed with high-loading days having a proportionally larger percentage of ammonium sulfate (up to 49 %) due to transport from the Ohio River Valley. This composition shift caused a change in the aerosol water-uptake potential (hygroscopicity) such that higher relative contributions of ammonium sulfate increased the bulk aerosol hygroscopicity. These days also tended to have higher relative humidity causing an increase in the water content of the aerosol. Conversely, low aerosol loading days had lower ammonium sulfate and higher black carbon contributions causing lower single scattering albedos (SSAs). The average black carbon concentrations were 240 ngm-3 in the lowest 1 km decreasing to 35 ngm-3 in the free troposphere (above 3 km). Routine airborne sampling over six locations was used to evaluate the relative contributions of aerosol loading, composition, and relative humidity (the amount of water 23318 available for uptake onto aerosols) to variability in mixed layer aerosol. Aerosol loading was found to be the predominant source accounting for 88% on average of the measured spatial variability in extinction with lesser contributions from variability in relative humidity (10 %) and aerosol composition (1.3 %). On average, changes in aerosol loading also caused 82% of the diurnal variability in ambient aerosol extinction. However on days with relative humidity above 60 %, variability in RH was found to cause up to 62% of the spatial variability and 95% of the diurnal variability in ambient extinction. This work shows that extinction is driven to first-order by aerosol mass loadings; however, humidity-driven hydration effects play an important secondary role. This motivates combined satellite/modelling assimilation products that are able to capture these components of the AOD-PM2.5 link. Conversely, aerosol hygroscopicity and SSA play a minor role in driving variations both spatially and throughout the day in aerosol extinction and therefore AOD. However, changes in aerosol hygroscopicity from day-to-day were large and could cause a bias of up to 27% if not accounted for. Thus it appears that a single daily measurement of aerosol hygroscopicity can be used for AOD-to-PM2.5 conversions over the study region (on the order of 1400km2). This is complimentary to the results of Chu et al. (2015) that determined the aerosol vertical distribution from "a single lidar is feasible to cover the range of 100 km" in the same region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Seasonal temperature variations
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Wavelengths
N1  - Accession Number: 109277203; Beyersdorf, A. J. 1; Email Address: andreas.j.beyersdorf@nasa.gov; Ziemba, L. D. 1; Chen, G. 1; Corr, C. A. 1,2; Crawford, J. H. 1; Diskin, G. S. 1; Moore, R. H. 1; Thornhill, K. L. 1,3; Winstead, E. L. 1,3; Anderson, B. E. 1; Affiliations: 1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: NASA Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 17, p23317; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Seasonal temperature variations; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-23317-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meskhidze, N.
AU  - Johnson, M. S.
AU  - Hurley, D.
AU  - Dawson, K.
T1  - Influence of measurement uncertainties on soluble aerosol iron over the oceans.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 14377
EP  - 14400
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - The atmospheric supply of dust iron (Fe) plays a crucial role in the Earth's biogeochemical cycle and is of specific importance as a micronutrient in the marine environment. Observations show several orders of magnitude variability in the fractional solubility of Fe in dust aerosols, making it hard to assess the role of mineral dust for global ocean biogeochemical Fe cycle. In this study we compare the operational solubility of dust aerosol Fe associated with one of the flow-through leaching protocols to the results of the global 3-D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. In the protocol aerosol Fe is defined soluble by first deionized water leaching of mineral dust through a 0.45 µm pore size membrane followed by acidification and storage of the leachate over a long period of time prior to the analysis. To assess the concentrations of soluble Fe inferred by this flow-through leaching protocol we are using in situ measurements of dust size distribution with the prescribed of 50% fractional solubility of Fe in less than 0.45 µm sized dust particles collected in the leachate. In the model, the fractional solubility of Fe is either explicitly calculated using complex dust Fe dissolution module, or prescribed to be 1 and 4%. Calculations show that the fractional solubility of Fe derived through the flow-through leaching is typically higher compared to the model results. The largest differences (> 30%) are predicted to occur farther away from the dust source regions, over the areas where sub-0.45 µm sized mineral dust particles contribute a larger fraction of the total dust mass. This study suggests that inconsistences in the operational definition of soluble Fe could contribute to the wide range of the fractional solubility of dust aerosol Fe reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Iron
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Marine organisms
KW  - Chemicals
N1  - Accession Number: 110597077; Meskhidze, N. 1; Email Address: nmeskhidze@ncsu.edu; Johnson, M. S. 2; Hurley, D. 1; Dawson, K. 1; Affiliations: 1: Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 12 Issue 17, p14377; Thesaurus Term: Iron; Thesaurus Term: Biogeochemical cycles; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Marine organisms; Subject Term: Chemicals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bgd-12-14377-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leone, Frank A.
T1  - Deformation gradient tensor decomposition for representing matrix cracks in fiber-reinforced materials.
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 76
M3  - Article
SP  - 334
EP  - 341
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - A new method is presented for the representation of matrix cracks in continuum damage mechanics (CDM) models for fiber-reinforced materials. The method is based on the additive decomposition of the deformation gradient tensor into ‘crack’ and ‘bulk material’ components, analogous to the additive strain decomposition of the smeared-crack approach. The potential improvements to the accuracy of CDM models that utilize the presented method are demonstrated for a single element subjected to simple shear deformation and for a unidirectional open-hole tension specimen. The presented method avoids load transfer across matrix cracks and eliminates the prediction of spurious secondary failure modes that occurs when conventional strain-based CDM models are used in geometrically nonlinear finite element analyses involving large shear deformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - CONTINUUM damage mechanics
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - A. Polymer-matrix composites
KW  - C. Damage mechanics
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
N1  - Accession Number: 103653567; Leone, Frank A. 1; Email Address: frank.a.leone@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 76, p334; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: CONTINUUM damage mechanics; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer-matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.06.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lever, Mark A.
AU  - Rogers, Karyn L.
AU  - Lloyd, Karen G.
AU  - Overmann, Jörg
AU  - Schink, Bernhard
AU  - Thauer, Rudolf K.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Jørgensen, Bo Barker
T1  - Life under extreme energy limitation: a synthesis of laboratory- and field-based investigations.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 688
EP  - 728
SN  - 01686445
AB  - The ability of microorganisms to withstand long periods with extremely low energy input has gained increasing scientific attention in recent years. Starvation experiments in the laboratory have shown that a phylogenetically wide range of microorganisms evolve fitness-enhancing genetic traits within weeks of incubation under low-energy stress. Studies on natural environments that are cut off from new energy supplies over geologic time scales, such as deeply buried sediments, suggest that similar adaptations might mediate survival under energy limitation in the environment. Yet, the extent to which laboratory-based evidence of starvation survival in pure or mixed cultures can be extrapolated to sustained microbial ecosystems in nature remains unclear. In this review, we discuss past investigations on microbial energy requirements and adaptations to energy limitation, identify gaps in our current knowledge, and outline possible future foci of research on life under extreme energy limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Reviews is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Microorganisms
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Starvation in microorganisms
KW  - Bioenergetics
KW  - Bacterial cultures
KW  - Microbiological research
KW  - adaptation
KW  - energy limitation
KW  - laboratory
KW  - microbial life
KW  - starvation
KW  - subseafloor
N1  - Accession Number: 109883793; Lever, Mark A. 1; Email Address: mark.lever@usys.ethz.ch; Rogers, Karyn L. 2; Lloyd, Karen G. 3; Overmann, Jörg 4; Schink, Bernhard 5; Thauer, Rudolf K. 6; Hoehler, Tori M. 7; Jørgensen, Bo Barker 1; Affiliations: 1: Center for Geomicrobiology, Institute of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; 2: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Jonsson-Rowland Science Center, 1W19, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA; 3: Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, M409 Walters Life Sciences, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA; 4: Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany; 5: Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, P.O. Box 55 60, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany; 6: Max Planck Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße, D-35043 Marburg, Germany; 7: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p688; Thesaurus Term: Microorganisms; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Starvation in microorganisms; Subject Term: Bioenergetics; Subject Term: Bacterial cultures; Subject Term: Microbiological research; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy limitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial life; Author-Supplied Keyword: starvation; Author-Supplied Keyword: subseafloor; Number of Pages: 41p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/femsre/fuv020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 109393342
T1  - SCUTTLEBUTT. NASA Technology May Help Protect Wildland Firefighters.
AU  - Barnstorff, Kathy
Y1  - 2015/09//
N1  - Accession Number: 109393342. Language: English. Entry Date: 20150916. Revision Date: 20150917. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; USA. 
KW  - Firefighting Equipment and Supplies
KW  - Technology
KW  - Natural Environment
KW  - Protective Devices
KW  - Occupational Safety
SP  - 18
EP  - 18
JO  - Firehouse
JF  - Firehouse
JA  - FIREHOUSE
VL  - 40
IS  - 9
CY  - Nashville, Tennessee
PB  - SouthComm Inc.
SN  - 0145-4064
AD  - NASA Langley Research Center
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Böhlke, J.K.
AU  - Andraski, Brian J.
AU  - Fahlquist, Lynne
AU  - Bexfield, Laura
AU  - Eckardt, Frank D.
AU  - Gates, John B.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Rao, Balaji
AU  - Sevanthi, Ritesh
AU  - Rajagopalan, Srinath
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Sturchio, Neil
AU  - Hatzinger, Paul B.
AU  - Anderson, Todd A.
AU  - Orris, Greta
AU  - Betancourt, Julio
AU  - Stonestrom, David
AU  - Latorre, Claudio
T1  - Global patterns and environmental controls of perchlorate and nitrate co-occurrence in arid and semi-arid environments.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 164
M3  - Article
SP  - 502
EP  - 522
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Natural perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) is of increasing interest due to its wide-spread occurrence on Earth and Mars, yet little information exists on the relative abundance of ClO 4 − compared to other major anions, its stability, or long-term variations in production that may impact the observed distributions. Our objectives were to evaluate the occurrence and fate of ClO 4 − in groundwater and soils/caliche in arid and semi-arid environments (southwestern United States, southern Africa, United Arab Emirates, China, Antarctica, and Chile) and the relationship of ClO 4 − to the more well-studied atmospherically deposited anions NO 3 − and Cl − as a means to understand the prevalent processes that affect the accumulation of these species over various time scales. ClO 4 − is globally distributed in soil and groundwater in arid and semi-arid regions on Earth at concentrations ranging from 10 −1 to 10 6 μg/kg. Generally, the ClO 4 − concentration in these regions increases with aridity index, but also depends on the duration of arid conditions. In many arid and semi-arid areas, NO 3 − and ClO 4 − co-occur at molar ratios (NO 3 − /ClO 4 − ) that vary between ∼10 4 and 10 5 . We hypothesize that atmospheric deposition ratios are largely preserved in hyper-arid areas that support little or no biological activity (e.g. plants or bacteria), but can be altered in areas with more active biological processes including N 2 fixation, N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and microbial ClO 4 − reduction, as indicated in part by NO 3 − isotope data. In contrast, much larger ranges of Cl − /ClO 4 − and Cl − /NO 3 − ratios indicate Cl − varies independently from both ClO 4 − and NO 3 − . The general lack of correlation between Cl − and ClO 4 − or NO 3 − implies that Cl − is not a good indicator of co-deposition and should be used with care when interpreting oxyanion cycling in arid systems. The Atacama Desert appears to be unique compared to all other terrestrial locations having a NO 3 − /ClO 4 − molar ratio ∼10 3 . The relative enrichment in ClO 4 − compared to Cl − or NO 3 − and unique isotopic composition of Atacama ClO 4 − may reflect either additional in-situ production mechanism(s) or higher relative atmospheric production rates in that specific region or in the geological past. Elevated concentrations of ClO 4 − reported on the surface of Mars, and its enrichment with respect to Cl − and NO 3 − , could reveal important clues regarding the climatic, hydrologic, and potentially biologic evolution of that planet. Given the highly conserved ratio of NO 3 − /ClO 4 − in non-biologically active areas on Earth, it may be possible to use alterations of this ratio as a biomarker on Mars and for interpreting major anion cycles and processes on both Mars and Earth, particularly with respect to the less-conserved NO 3 − pool terrestrially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Perchlorates
KW  - Nitrates
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - Groundwater
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Oxyanions
N1  - Accession Number: 108342330; Jackson, W. Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.jackson@ttu.edu; Böhlke, J.K. 2; Andraski, Brian J. 3; Fahlquist, Lynne 4; Bexfield, Laura 5; Eckardt, Frank D. 6; Gates, John B. 7; Davila, Alfonso F. 8; McKay, Christopher P. 9; Rao, Balaji 1; Sevanthi, Ritesh 1; Rajagopalan, Srinath 10; Estrada, Nubia 1; Sturchio, Neil 11; Hatzinger, Paul B. 12; Anderson, Todd A. 1; Orris, Greta 13; Betancourt, Julio 2; Stonestrom, David 14; Latorre, Claudio 15,16; Affiliations: 1: Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; 2: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA; 3: U.S. Geological Survey, 2730 N. Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701, USA; 4: U.S. Geological Survey, 1505 Ferguson Ln, Austin, TX 78754, USA; 5: U.S. Geological Survey, 5338 Montgomery Blvd. NE, Suite 400, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA; 6: Dept. Environ. & Geog. Sci., University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa; 7: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 217 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0340, USA; 8: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 10: Department of Civil Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, India; 11: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716, USA; 12: CB&I Federal Services, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA; 13: U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, AZ, USA; 14: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA; 15: Institute of Ecology & Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile; 16: Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 164, p502; Thesaurus Term: Perchlorates; Thesaurus Term: Nitrates; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Thesaurus Term: Groundwater; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Subject Term: Oxyanions; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108342330&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwerdt, Helen N.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Chae, Junseok
T1  - Wireless Fully Passive Multichannel Recording of Neuropotentials Using Photo-Activated RF Backscattering Methods.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 63
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2965
EP  - 2970
SN  - 00189480
AB  - Fully passive RF backscattering for wireless monitoring of neuropotentials, electrical activity generated by neurons, is a promising recording technique that may subdue some of the safety restraints observed in traditional active or passive recording schemes. The fully passive device operates without power supply or regulating elements and exhibits a highly simplified implant circuit topology. However, a critical challenge is its current limitation to single channel recording. Here, a method of integrating multiple channels onto the fully passive system is demonstrated that preserves its fully passive qualities and a single shared antenna. Multichannel recording is implemented by introducing photo-selective and photo-sensitive switches to individual channel electrodes to control the activation of individual recording operations via an external multi-band light source. These multi-modal wireless processes are simulated and implemented on Pyrex substrates that demonstrate recording of emulated neuropotential signals as low as Vm \sim 0.7 mVpp with at least 10-dB channel isolation as tested in air. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - BRAIN-computer interfaces
KW  - RADIO frequency identification systems
KW  - MULTICHANNEL communication
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - Backscatter
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - brain–machine interfaces (BMIs)
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Harmonic analysis
KW  - Photodiodes
KW  - Radio frequency
KW  - RF identification (RFID)
KW  - Schottky diodes
KW  - Wireless communication
KW  - wireless passive neural recording
N1  - Accession Number: 110834748; Schwerdt, Helen N. 1; Miranda, Felix A. 2; Chae, Junseok 3; Affiliations: 1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; 3: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 63 Issue 9, p2965; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: BRAIN-computer interfaces; Subject Term: RADIO frequency identification systems; Subject Term: MULTICHANNEL communication; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscatter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: brain–machine interfaces (BMIs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmonic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photodiodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: RF identification (RFID); Author-Supplied Keyword: Schottky diodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wireless communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: wireless passive neural recording; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2460746
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=110834748&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Kenneth H.
AU  - Schneider, Todd A.
AU  - Vaughn, Jason A.
AU  - Hoang, Bao
AU  - Wong, Frankie K.
T1  - High-Current ESD Test of Advanced Triple Junction Solar Array Coupon.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2015/09//Sep2015 Part 1
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep2015 Part 1
VL  - 43
IS  - 9, Part 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2993
EP  - 2999
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Testing was conducted on an advanced triple junction (ATJ) coupon that was part of a risk reduction effort in the development of a high-powered solar array design by Space Systems/Loral, LLC (SSL). The ATJ coupon was a small, four-cell, two-string configuration that has served as the basic test coupon design used in previous SSL environmental aging campaigns. The coupon has many attributes of the flight design; e.g., substrate structure with graphite face sheets, integrated by-pass diodes, cell interconnects, room-temperature vulcanizing grout, and wire routing. The objective of this test was to evaluate the performance of the coupon after it is subjected to secondary arc testing at two string voltages (100 and 150 V) and four array currents (1.650, 2.000, 2.475, and 3.300 A). An external test circuit, unique to SSL solar array design, was built that simulates the effect of missing cells and strings in a full solar panel with special primary arc (PA) flashover circuitry. A total of 73 PAs were obtained that included seven temporary sustained arcs (TSAs) events. The durations of the TSAs ranged from 50~\mu \texts to 2.75 ms. All TSAs occurred at a string voltage of 150 V. Post-test large area pulsed solar simulator, Dark $I$ – V$ , and by-pass diode tests showed that no degradation occurred due to the TSA events. In addition, the post-test insulation resistance measured was >50~\text{G}\Omega between cells and substrate. These test results point toward a robust design for application to a high-current, high-power mission. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC discharges -- Research
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
KW  - SOLAR cells -- Research
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells -- Research
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Design & construction
N1  - Accession Number: 109361970; Source Information: Sep2015 Part 1, Vol. 43 Issue 9, Part 1, p2993; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC discharges -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Subject Term: SOLAR cells -- Research; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells -- Research; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2015.2440185
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=109361970&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cater, Christopher R.
AU  - Xinran Xiao
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Kohlman, Lee. W.
T1  - Single Ply and Multi-Ply Braided Composite Response Predictions Using Modified Subcell Approach.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2015/09//
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 28
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 08931321
AB  - In this work, the modeling of triaxially braided composites was explored through a subcell approach using an improved semianalytical discretization scheme. The unit cell of the braided composite was divided into four unique subcells, each approximated by a mosaic stacking of unidirectional composite plies and modeled through the use of layered-shell elements within the finite-element model. Two subcell discretization schemes were investigated: a model explicitly capturing pure matrix regions, and a model which absorbed pure matrix pockets into neighboring tow plies. Differences in the mesostructure between single-ply and multi-ply braid coupons were addressed through modifications to the subcell discretization. The absorbed matrix model simulated the unique out-of-plane deformations observed experimentally in single-ply tensile tests with acceptable moduli predictions. An investigation of single-shell versus multi-shell coupons for the analysis of multi-ply braids revealed the through-thickness modeling approach was found to have a significant effect on the apparent transverse modulus. Improved moduli predictions in both the axial and transverse directions were obtained by explicitly modeling braided plies with individual layers of shell elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - DISCRETIZATION methods
KW  - TENSILE test (Materials)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 109020050; Source Information: Sep2015, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: DISCRETIZATION methods; Subject Term: TENSILE test (Materials); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000445
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=109020050&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min Xue
AU  - Zelinski, Shannon
T1  - Safe Picosatellite Release from a Small Satellite Carrier.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1437
EP  - 1443
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In terminal airspace, integrating arrivals and departures with shared waypoints provides the potential of improving operational efficiency by allowing direct routes when possible. Incorporating stochastic evaluation as a postanalysis process of deterministic optimization and imposing a safety buffer in deterministic optimization are two ways to learn and alleviate the impact of uncertainty and to avoid unexpected outcomes. This work presents a third and direct way to take uncertainty into consideration during the optimization. The impact of uncertainty was incorporated into cost evaluations when searching for the optimal solutions. The controller intervention count was computed using a heuristic model and served as another stochastic cost in addition to total delay. Costs under uncertainty were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The Pareto fronts that contained a set of solutions were identified, and the tradeoff between delays and controller intervention count was shown. Solutions that shared similar delays but had different intervention counts were investigated. The results showed that optimization under uncertainty could identify compromise solutions on Pareto fonts, which is better than deterministic optimization with extra safety buffers. It helps decision makers reduce controller intervention while achieving low delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - MICROSPACECRAFT
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 110501713; Source Information: Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1437; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: MICROSPACECRAFT; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032957
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=110501713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan-gi Pak
AU  - Truong, Samson
T1  - Creating a Test-Validated Finite-Element Model of the X-56A Aircraft Structure.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1644
EP  - 1667
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Small modeling errors in a finite-element model will eventually induce errors in the structural flexibility and mass, thus propagating into unpredictable errors in the unsteady aerodynamics and the control law design. One of the primary objectives of the X-56A Multi-Utility Technology Testbed aircraft is the flight demonstration of active flutter suppression and, therefore, in this study, the identification of the primary and secondary modes for the structural model tuning based on the flutter analysis of the X-56A aircraft. The ground-vibration test-validated structural dynamic finite-element model of the X-56A aircraft is created in this study. The structural dynamic finite-element model of the X-56A aircraft is improved using a model-tuning tool. In this study, two different weight configurations of the X-56A aircraft have been improved in a single optimization run. Frequency and the cross-orthogonality (mode shape) matrix were the primary focus for improvement, whereas other properties such as c.g. location, total weight, and off-diagonal terms of the mass orthogonality matrix were used as constraints. The end result was an improved structural dynamic finite-element model configuration for the X-56A aircraft. Improved frequencies and mode shapes in this study increased average flutter speeds of the X-56A aircraft by 7.6% compared to the baseline model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
N1  - Accession Number: 110501730; Source Information: Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1644; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 24p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033043
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=110501730&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knepp, T.
AU  - Pippin, M.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Szykman, J.
AU  - Long, R.
AU  - Cowen, L.
AU  - Cede, A.
AU  - Abuhassan, N.
AU  - Herman, J.
AU  - Delgado, R.
AU  - Compton, J.
AU  - Berkoff, T.
AU  - Fishman, J.
AU  - Martins, D.
AU  - Stauffer, R.
AU  - Thompson, A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Knapp, D.
AU  - Montzka, D.
T1  - Estimating surface NO and SO mixing ratios from fast-response total column observations and potential application to geostationary missions.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 72
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 261
EP  - 286
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - Total-column nitrogen dioxide (NO) data collected by a ground-based sun-tracking spectrometer system (Pandora) and an photolytic-converter-based in-situ instrument collocated at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia were analyzed to study the relationship between total-column and surface NO measurements. The measurements span more than a year and cover all seasons. Surface mixing ratios are estimated via application of a planetary boundary-layer (PBL) height correction factor. This PBL correction factor effectively corrects for boundary-layer variability throughout the day, and accounts for up to ≈75 % of the variability between the NO data sets. Previous studies have made monthly and seasonal comparisons of column/surface data, which has shown generally good agreement over these long average times. In the current analysis comparisons of column densities averaged over 90 s and 1 h are made. Applicability of this technique to sulfur dioxide (SO) is briefly explored. The SO correlation is improved by excluding conditions where surface levels are considered background. The analysis is extended to data from the July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ mission over the greater Baltimore, MD area to examine the method's performance in more-polluted urban conditions where NO concentrations are typically much higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nitrogen oxides
KW  - Atmospheric sulfur oxides
KW  - Acquisition of data
KW  - Baltimore (Md.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - CAPABLE
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - GEO-CAPE
KW  - Nitrogen dioxide
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 111242827; Knepp, T.; Email Address: travis.n.knepp@nasa.gov; Pippin, M. 1; Crawford, J. 1; Chen, G. 1; Szykman, J. 2; Long, R. 2; Cowen, L. 1; Cede, A.; Abuhassan, N.; Herman, J. 3; Delgado, R. 3; Compton, J. 3; Berkoff, T. 3; Fishman, J. 4; Martins, D. 5; Stauffer, R. 5; Thompson, A. 5; Weinheimer, A. 6; Knapp, D. 6; Montzka, D. 6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA; 2: US EPA, Research Triangle Park Durham 27701 USA; 3: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Baltimore County, Baltimore 21250 USA; 4: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis 63103 USA; 5: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802 USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder 80305 USA; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 72 Issue 3/4, p261; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric sulfur oxides; Subject Term: Acquisition of data; Subject: Baltimore (Md.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAPABLE; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEO-CAPE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfur dioxide ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-013-9257-6
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=111242827&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thompson, Anne
AU  - Stauffer, Ryan
AU  - Miller, Sonya
AU  - Martins, Douglas
AU  - Joseph, Everette
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
T1  - Ozone profiles in the Baltimore-Washington region (2006-2011): satellite comparisons and DISCOVER-AQ observations.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 72
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
EP  - 422
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - Much progress has been made in creating satellite products for tracking the pollutants ozone and NO in the troposphere. Yet, in mid-latitude regions where meteorological interactions with pollutants are complex, accuracy can be difficult to achieve, largely due to persistent layering of some constituents. We characterize the layering of ozone soundings and related species measured from aircraft over two ground sites in suburban Washington, DC (Beltsville, MD, 39.05 N; 76.9 W) and Baltimore (Edgewood, MD, 39.4 N; 76.3 W) during the July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) experiment. First, we compare column-ozone amounts from the Beltsville and Edgewood sondes with data from overpassing satellites. Second, processes influencing ozone profile structure are analyzed using Laminar Identification and tracers: sonde water vapor, aircraft CO and NO. Third, Beltsville ozone profiles and meteorological influences in July 2011 are compared to those from the summers of 2006-2010. Sonde-satellite offsets in total ozone during July 2011 at Edgewood and Beltsville, compared to the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), were 3 % mean absolute error, not statistically significant. The disagreement between an OMI/Microwave Limb Sounder-based tropospheric ozone column and the sonde averaged 10 % at both sites, with the sonde usually greater than the satellite. Laminar Identification (LID), that distinguishes ozone segments influenced by convective and advective transport, reveals that on days when both stations launched ozonesondes, vertical mixing was stronger at Edgewood. Approximately half the lower free troposphere sonde profiles have very dry laminae, with coincident aircraft spirals displaying low CO (80-110 ppbv), suggesting stratospheric influence. Ozone budgets at Beltsville in July 2011, determined with LID, as well as standard meteorological indicators, resemble those of 4 of the previous 5 summers. The penetration of stratospheric air throughout the troposphere appears to be typical for summer conditions in the Baltimore-Washington region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone layer
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Water vapor
KW  - Ozonesondes
KW  - Washington (D.C.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Aircraft chemical measurements
KW  - Baltimore pollution
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - Satellite validation
KW  - Stratosphere-troposphere exchange
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Washington DC pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 111242821; Thompson, Anne; Email Address: anne.m.thompson@nasa.gov; Stauffer, Ryan 1; Email Address: rms5539@psu.edu; Miller, Sonya 1; Email Address: Sck117@psu.edu; Martins, Douglas 1; Email Address: Dkm18@psu.edu; Joseph, Everette 2; Email Address: ejoseph@howard.edu; Weinheimer, Andrew 3; Email Address: wein@ucar.edu; Diskin, Glenn 4; Email Address: glenn.s.diskin@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building University Park 16802-5013 USA; 2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, 2355 Sixth Street NW Washington 20059 USA; 3: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder 80307 USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401B Hampton 23681 USA; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 72 Issue 3/4, p393; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer; Thesaurus Term: Pollutants; Subject Term: Water vapor; Subject Term: Ozonesondes; Subject: Washington (D.C.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft chemical measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Baltimore pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Washington DC pollution; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-014-9283-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=111242821&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian, Zhenhua
AU  - Yu, Lingyu
AU  - Leckey, Cara
T1  - Delamination detection and quantification on laminated composite structures with Lamb waves and wavenumber analysis.
JO  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
JF  - Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 26
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1723
EP  - 1738
SN  - 1045389X
AB  - Laminated composites are susceptible to delamination due to their weak transverse tensile and interlaminar shear strengths as compared to their in-plane properties. Delamination damage can occur internally, where it is not visible to the naked eye. Development of reliable, quantitative techniques for detecting delamination damage in laminated composite components will be imperative for safe and functional optimally designed next-generation composite structures. In this article, we study the potential of using Lamb waves for delamination detection and quantification, using model-assisted data acquisition. Novel wavenumber analysis approaches are developed and discussed to show how they can be used to investigate Lamb wave interactions with delaminated plies. Ultrasonic wave simulations are implemented to provide both in-plane and out-of-plane wave motion for the wavenumber studies. The out-of-plane results are verified against data obtained from experimental tests. It is found that the wavenumber methods can not only determine the delaminated region of the plate and its length, but can also identify the plies between which the delamination occurs. We envision that the wavenumber approaches can lead to a complete delamination quantification in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Intelligent Material Systems & Structures is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - LAMB waves
KW  - WAVENUMBER
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - SHEAR strength
KW  - delamination quantification
KW  - elastodynamic finite integration technique simulation
KW  - frequency–wavenumber analysis
KW  - Lamb waves
N1  - Accession Number: 109030253; Tian, Zhenhua 1; Yu, Lingyu 1; Email Address: yu3@cec.sc.edu; Leckey, Cara 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; 2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 26 Issue 13, p1723; Thesaurus Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: LAMB waves; Subject Term: WAVENUMBER; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: TENSILE strength; Subject Term: SHEAR strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination quantification; Author-Supplied Keyword: elastodynamic finite integration technique simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency–wavenumber analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lamb waves; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7683
L3  - 10.1177/1045389X14557506
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=109030253&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DEVARAJU, N.
AU  - BALA, G.
AU  - NEMANI, R.
T1  - Modelling the influence of land-use changes on biophysical and biochemical interactions at regional and global scales.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 38
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1931
EP  - 1946
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 01407791
AB  - Land-use changes since the start of the industrial era account for nearly one-third of the cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In addition to the greenhouse effect of CO2 emissions, changes in land use also affect climate via changes in surface physical properties such as albedo, evapotranspiration and roughness length. Recent modelling studies suggest that these biophysical components may be comparable with biochemical effects. In regard to climate change, the effects of these two distinct processes may counterbalance one another both regionally and, possibly, globally. In this article, through hypothetical large-scale deforestation simulations using a global climate model, we contrast the implications of afforestation on ameliorating or enhancing anthropogenic contributions from previously converted (agricultural) land surfaces. Based on our review of past studies on this subject, we conclude that the sum of both biophysical and biochemical effects should be assessed when large-scale afforestation is used for countering global warming, and the net effect on global mean temperature change depends on the location of deforestation/afforestation. Further, although biochemical effects trigger global climate change, biophysical effects often cause strong local and regional climate change. The implication of the biophysical effects for adaptation and mitigation of climate change in agriculture and agroforestry sectors is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Land use
KW  - Anthropogenic effects on nature
KW  - Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Deforestation
KW  - Biophysics
KW  - Global warming -- Environmental aspects
KW  - atmospheric circulation
KW  - biochemical and biophysical processes
KW  - climate change
N1  - Accession Number: 108742332; DEVARAJU, N. 1; BALA, G. 1; NEMANI, R. 2; Affiliations: 1: Divecha Centre for Climate Change and Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science; 2: Ecological Forecasting Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p1931; Thesaurus Term: Land use; Thesaurus Term: Anthropogenic effects on nature; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Evapotranspiration; Thesaurus Term: Deforestation; Thesaurus Term: Biophysics; Thesaurus Term: Global warming -- Environmental aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric circulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: biochemical and biophysical processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/pce.12488
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108742332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Kahnert, M.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Cook, A. L.
AU  - Harper, D. B.
AU  - Berkoff, T. A.
AU  - Seaman, S. T.
AU  - Collins, J. E.
AU  - Fenn, M. A.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
T1  - Observations of the spectral dependence of particle depolarization ratio of aerosols using NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 24751
EP  - 24803
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Particle depolarization ratio is presented for three case studies from the NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 (HSRL-2). Particle depolarization ratio from lidar is an indicator of non-spherical particles and is sensitive to the fraction of non-spherical particles and their size. The HSRL-2 instrument measures depolarization at three wavelengths: 355, 532, and 1064 nm. The three measurement cases presented here include two cases of dust aerosol and one case of smoke aerosol. These cases have partial analogs in earlier HSRL-1 depolarization measurements at 532 and 1064nm and in literature, but the availability of three wavelengths gives additional insight into different scenarios for non-spherical particles in the atmosphere. A case of transported Saharan dust has a spectral dependence with a peak of 0.30 at 532nm with smaller particle depolarization ratios of 0.27 and 0.25 at 1064 and 355 nm, respectively. A case of locally generated wind-blown North American dust has a maximum of 0.38 at 1064 nm, decreasing to 0.37 and 0.24 at 532 and 355 nm, respectively. The cause of the maximum at 1064nm is inferred to be very large particles that have not settled out of the dust layer. The smoke layer has the opposite spectral dependence, with the peak of 0.24 at 355 nm, decreasing to 0.09 and 0.02 at 532 and 1064 nm. The depolarization in the smoke case is inferred to be due to the presence of coated soot aggregates. We also point out implications for the upcoming EarthCARE satellite, which will measure particle depolarization ratio only at 355 nm. At 355 nm, the particle depolarization ratios for all three of our case studies are very similar, indicating that smoke and dust may be more difficult to separate with EarthCARE measurements than heretofore supposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Environmental indicators
KW  - Atmosphere -- Laser observations
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 109491440; Burton, S. P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov; Hair, J. W. 1; Kahnert, M. 2,3; Ferrare, R. A. 1; Hostetler, C. A. 1; Cook, A. L. 1; Harper, D. B. 1; Berkoff, T. A. 1; Seaman, S. T. 1,4; Collins, J. E. 1,5; Fenn, M. A. 1,5; Rogers, R. R. 1,6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 2: Research Department, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Folkborgsvägen 17, 60176 Norrköping, Sweden; 3: Department of Earth and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; 4: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., One Enterprise Pkwy, Hampton, VA, 23666, USA; 6: Lord Fairfax Community College, Middletown, VA 22645, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 18, p24751; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Environmental indicators; Subject Term: Atmosphere -- Laser observations ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 53p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-24751-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=109491440&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Hamilton, Christopher W.
AU  - Burr, Devon M.
AU  - Gulick, Virginia C.
AU  - Komatsu, Goro
AU  - Luo, Wei
AU  - Jr.Rice, James W.
AU  - Rodriguez, J.A.P.
T1  - Fluvial geomorphology on Earth-like planetary surfaces: A review.
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 245
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 182
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Morphological evidence for ancient channelized flows (fluvial and fluvial-like landforms) exists on the surfaces of all of the inner planets and on some of the satellites of the Solar System. In some cases, the relevant fluid flows are related to a planetary evolution that involves the global cycling of a volatile component (water for Earth and Mars; methane for Saturn's moon Titan). In other cases, as on Mercury, Venus, Earth's moon, and Jupiter's moon Io, the flows were of highly fluid lava. The discovery, in 1972, of what are now known to be fluvial channels and valleys on Mars sparked a major controversy over the role of water in shaping the surface of that planet. The recognition of the fluvial character of these features has opened unresolved fundamental questions about the geological history of water on Mars, including the presence of an ancient ocean and the operation of a hydrological cycle during the earliest phases of planetary history. Other fundamental questions posed by fluvial and fluvial-like features on planetary bodies include the possible erosive action of large-scale outpourings of very fluid lavas, such as those that may have produced the remarkable canali forms on Venus; the ability of exotic fluids, such as methane, to create fluvial-like landforms, as observed on Saturn's moon, Titan; and the nature of sedimentation and erosion under different conditions of planetary surface gravity. Planetary fluvial geomorphology also illustrates fundamental epistemological and methodological issues, including the role of analogy in geomorphological/geological inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fluvial geomorphology
KW  - Flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Planetary surfaces
KW  - Landforms
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Fluvial channels
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary geomorphology
KW  - Titan
KW  - Venus
KW  - Volcanic channels
N1  - Accession Number: 108808430; Baker, Victor R. 1,2; Email Address: baker@email.arizona.edu; Hamilton, Christopher W. 2; Burr, Devon M. 3; Gulick, Virginia C. 4,5; Komatsu, Goro 6; Luo, Wei 7; Jr.Rice, James W. 8; Rodriguez, J.A.P. 5,8; Affiliations: 1: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 3: Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA; 4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d'Annunzio, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy; 7: Department of Geography, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA; 8: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 245, p149; Thesaurus Term: Fluvial geomorphology; Thesaurus Term: Flow (Fluid dynamics); Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Subject Term: Planetary surfaces; Subject Term: Landforms; Subject Term: Solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluvial channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary geomorphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanic channels; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108808430&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kudela, Raphael M.
AU  - Palacios, Sherry L.
AU  - Austerberry, David C.
AU  - Accorsi, Emma K.
AU  - Guild, Liane S.
AU  - Torres-Perez, Juan
T1  - Application of hyperspectral remote sensing to cyanobacterial blooms in inland waters.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 167
M3  - Article
SP  - 196
EP  - 205
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Cyanobacterial blooms are increasingly posing a severe threat to inland waters, particularly at the land-sea interface where toxins can be transported downstream with subsequent impacts to both terrestrial and marine organisms. These blooms are relatively easy to detect optically because of the surface concentration of cells, the presence of phycocyanin pigments, and the elevated backscatter associated with cell size and the presence of gas vacuoles. Major challenges limiting the use of remote sensing have been, first, that many of these water bodies are small relative to the spatial resolution of ocean color satellites, and second, even with a bright algal target, the spectral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and repeat time for terrestrial satellites is often inadequate. The next generation of multispectral and hyperspectral sensors begin to address these issues with both increased spatial and spectral resolution. Weekly monitoring of Pinto Lake, California has demonstrated that this small water body provides an ideal testbed for development and application of algorithms applicable for legacy and next-generation sensors. Pinto Lake experiences seasonal nearly monospecific blooms with a pronounced species succession. Biomass (as chlorophyll) within Pinto Lake seasonally ranges from ~ 1 to 1000 μg/L. Pinto Lake has been within the flight lines for several recent airborne missions, including the HyspIRI Preparatory Flight Campaign, and is often targeted for HICO acquisitions. Using these data we demonstrate that spectral-shape algorithms requiring minimal atmospheric correction can be used across a range of legacy sensors to detect cyanobacterial blooms and that, with the availability of high spectral resolution data and appropriate atmospheric correction, it is possible to separate the cyanobacterial genera Aphanizomenon and Microcystis . In California Aphanizomenon is typically non-toxic and blooms prior to toxin-producing Microcystis , thus leading to the potential for an early warning system based on the identification of algal types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Cyanobacterial blooms
KW  - Water -- Management
KW  - Marine ecology
KW  - Hyperspectral imaging systems
KW  - California
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Harmful algal bloom
KW  - Inland waters
KW  - Phycocyanin
N1  - Accession Number: 108807799; Kudela, Raphael M. 1; Email Address: kudela@ucsc.edu; Palacios, Sherry L. 2; Email Address: sherry.l.palacios@nasa.gov; Austerberry, David C. 3; Email Address: dauster@umich.edu; Accorsi, Emma K. 4; Email Address: emma.accorsi@gmail.com; Guild, Liane S. 5; Email Address: liane.s.guild@nasa.gov; Torres-Perez, Juan 6; Email Address: juan.l.torresperez@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; 2: ORAU/NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-4, Bldg. 245, Rm. 120, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric, Ocean, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, USA; 4: Applied Math and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; 5: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-4, Bldg. 245, Rm. 120, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: BAERI/NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-4, Bldg. 245, Rm. 120, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 167, p196; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Cyanobacterial blooms; Thesaurus Term: Water -- Management; Thesaurus Term: Marine ecology; Subject Term: Hyperspectral imaging systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmful algal bloom; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inland waters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phycocyanin; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108807799&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palacios, Sherry L.
AU  - Kudela, Raphael M.
AU  - Guild, Liane S.
AU  - Negrey, Kendra H.
AU  - Torres-Perez, Juan
AU  - Broughton, Jennifer
T1  - Remote sensing of phytoplankton functional types in the coastal ocean from the HyspIRI Preparatory Flight Campaign.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 167
M3  - Article
SP  - 269
EP  - 280
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The 2013–2015 Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) Preparatory Flight Campaign, using the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER), seeks to demonstrate appropriate sensor signal, spatial and spectral resolution, and orbital pass geometry for a global mission to reveal ecological and climatic gradients expressed in the selected California, USA study area. One of the awarded projects focused on the flight transects covering the coastal ocean to demonstrate that the AVIRIS data can be used to infer phytoplankton functional types at the land–sea interface. Specifically, this project directly assesses whether HyspIRI can provide adequate signal in the complex aquatic environment of the coastal zone to address questions of algal bloom dynamics, water quality, transient responses to human disturbance, river runoff, and red tides. Phytoplankton functional type (PFT), or biodiversity, can be determined from ocean color using the Phytoplankton Detection with Optics (PHYDOTax) algorithm and this information can be used to detect and monitor for harmful algal blooms. PHYDOTax is sensitive to spectral shape and accurate retrievals of ocean color across the visible spectral range is needed. The specific goal of this paper is to address the challenges of sensor capabilities and atmospheric correction in coastal environments by assessing two atmospheric correction methods using AVIRIS data for the retrieval of ocean color for use in derived products of chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton functional type. The atmospheric correction algorithms Atmospheric Removal (ATREM) and Tafkaa were applied to AVIRIS imagery of Monterey Bay, CA collected on 10 April 2013 and 31 October 2013. Data products from the imagery were compared with shipboard measurements including chlorophyll-a from whole-water samples and phytoplankton community structure estimated from diagnostic pigment markers using CHEMical TAXonomy (CHEMTAX). Using ATREM and Tafkaa and a selected set of input parameters for the scenes, we were unable to produce accurate retrievals of ocean color for the determination of chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton diversity. A modified ATREM correction produced science-quality data in which chlorophyll-a was accurately estimated using the Ocean Color 3 (OC3) chlorophyll-a algorithm, but biodiversity using PHYDOTax was not accurately estimated. Improvements in sensor calibration, sensitivity, and atmospheric correction of the HyspIRI imagery data set is needed in order to adequately estimate biogeochemically meaningful data products for the ocean such as chlorophyll-a, inherent optical properties, or PFTs. The HyspIRI Science Team is seeking improvements so the HyspIRI Airborne Campaign data set can be used for algorithm development to understand biodiversity and ecosystem function of coastal habitats that are facing increasing threats of human impact and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Coastal ecology
KW  - Environmental management
KW  - Hyperspectral imaging systems
KW  - Atmospheric correction
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - Harmful algal bloom
KW  - HyspIRI
KW  - PHYDOTax
KW  - Phytoplankton functional type
KW  - Water quality
N1  - Accession Number: 108807808; Palacios, Sherry L. 1; Email Address: sherry.l.palacios@nasa.gov; Kudela, Raphael M. 2; Email Address: kudela@ucsc.edu; Guild, Liane S. 3; Email Address: liane.s.guild@nasa.gov; Negrey, Kendra H. 2; Email Address: khyashi@ucsc.edu; Torres-Perez, Juan 4; Email Address: juan.l.torresperez@nasa.gov; Broughton, Jennifer 2; Email Address: jbrought@ucsc.edu; Affiliations: 1: Oak Ridge Affiliated Universities, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2015, Vol. 167, p269; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Phytoplankton; Thesaurus Term: Coastal ecology; Thesaurus Term: Environmental management; Subject Term: Hyperspectral imaging systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric correction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biodiversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmful algal bloom; Author-Supplied Keyword: HyspIRI; Author-Supplied Keyword: PHYDOTax; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phytoplankton functional type; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water quality; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.05.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=108807808&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, M.R.
AU  - Singels, A.
AU  - Ruane, A.C.
T1  - Simulated impacts of climate change on water use and yield of irrigated sugarcane in South Africa.
JO  - Agricultural Systems
JF  - Agricultural Systems
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 139
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 270
SN  - 0308521X
AB  - Reliable predictions of climate change impacts on water use, irrigation requirements and yields of irrigated sugarcane in South Africa (a water-scarce country) are necessary to plan adaptation strategies. Although previous work has been done in this regard, methodologies and results vary considerably. The objectives were (1) to estimate likely impacts of climate change on sugarcane yields, water use and irrigation demand at three irrigated sugarcane production sites in South Africa (Malelane, Pongola and La Mercy) for current (1980–2010) and future (2070–2100) climate scenarios, using an approach based on the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) protocols; and (2) to assess the suitability of this methodology for investigating climate change impacts on sugarcane production. Future climate datasets were generated using the Delta downscaling method and three Global Circulation Models (GCMs) assuming atmospheric CO 2 concentration [ CO 2 ] of 734 ppm (A2 emissions scenario). Yield and water use were simulated using the DSSAT-Canegro v4.5 model. Irrigated cane yields are expected to increase at all three sites (between 11 and 14%), primarily due to increased interception of radiation as a result of accelerated canopy development. Evapotranspiration and irrigation requirements increased by 11% due to increased canopy cover and evaporative demand. Sucrose yields are expected to decline because of increased consumption of photo-assimilate for structural growth and maintenance respiration. Crop responses in canopy development and yield formation differed markedly between the crop cycles investigated. Possible agronomic implications of these results include reduced weed control costs due to shortened periods of partial canopy, a need for improved efficiency of irrigation to counter increased demands, and adjustments to ripening and harvest practices to counter decreased cane quality and optimise productivity. Although the Delta climate data downscaling method is considered robust, accurate and easily-understood, it does not change the future number of rain-days per month. The impacts of this and other climate data simplifications ought to be explored in future work. Shortcomings of the DSSAT-Canegro model include the simulated responses of phenological development, photosynthesis and respiration processes to high temperatures, and the disconnect between simulated biomass accumulation and expansive growth. Proposed methodology refinements should improve the reliability of predicted climate change impacts on sugarcane yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural Systems is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Sugarcane -- Yields
KW  - Water in agriculture
KW  - Irrigation
KW  - Agriculture -- South Africa
KW  - Adaptation (Physiology) in plants
KW  - Cane yield
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Irrigation requirement
KW  - Model
KW  - Water use
N1  - Accession Number: 109241110; Jones, M.R. 1; Email Address: matthew.jones@sugar.org.za; Singels, A. 1,2; Email Address: abraham.singels@sugar.org.za; Ruane, A.C. 3; Email Address: alexander.c.ruane@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa; 2: Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; 3: Climate Impacts Group, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 139, p260; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Sugarcane -- Yields; Thesaurus Term: Water in agriculture; Thesaurus Term: Irrigation; Subject Term: Agriculture -- South Africa; Subject Term: Adaptation (Physiology) in plants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cane yield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irrigation requirement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111930 Sugarcane Farming; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agsy.2015.07.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=109241110&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Z. Zhang
AU  - K. Meyer
AU  - H. Yu
AU  - S. Platnick
AU  - P. Colarco
AU  - Z. Liu
AU  - Oreopoulos, L.
T1  - Shortwave direct radiative effects of above cloud aerosols over global oceans derived from eight years of CALIOP and MODIS observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 26357
EP  - 26421
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - In this paper, we studied the frequency of occurrence and shortwave direct radiative effects (DRE) of above-cloud aerosols (ACAs) over global oceans using eight years of collocated CALIOP and MODIS observations. Similar to previous work, we found high ACA occurrence in four regions: Southeast (SE) Atlantic region where ACAs are mostly light-absorbing aerosols, i.e., smoke and polluted dust according to CALIOP classification, originating from biomass burning over African Savanna; Tropical Northeast Atlantic and Arabian Sea where ACAs are predominantly windblown dust from the Sahara and Arabian desert, respectively; and Northwest Pacific where ACAs are mostly transported smoke and polluted dusts from Asian. From radiative transfer simulations based on CALIOP-MODIS observations and a set of the preselected aerosol optical models, we found the DREs of ACAs at the top of atmosphere (TOA) to be positive (i.e., warming) in the SE Atlantic and NW Pacific regions, but negative (i.e., cooling) in TNE Atlantic and Arabian Sea. The cancellation of positive and negative regional DREs results in a global ocean annual mean diurnally averaged cloudy-sky DRE of 0.015Wm-2 (range of -0.03 to 0.06W-2) at TOA. The DREs at surface and within atmosphere are -0.15W-2 (range of -0.09 to -0.21W-2), and 0.17W-2 (range of 0.11 to 0.24W-2), respectively. The regional and seasonal mean DREs are much stronger. For example, in the SE Atlantic region the JJA (July ∼ August) seasonal mean cloudy-sky DRE is about 0.7W-2 (range of 0.2 to 1.2W-2) at TOA. The uncertainty in our DRE computations is mainly cause by the uncertainties in the aerosol optical properties, in particular aerosol absorption, and uncertainties in the CALIOP operational aerosol optical thickness retrieval. In situ and remotely sensed measurements of ACA from future field campaigns and satellite missions, and improved lidar retrieval algorithm, in particular vertical feature masking, would help reduce the uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Radiation -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Ocean -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Polarization mode dispersion
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
N1  - Accession Number: 110320778; Z. Zhang 1,2; Email Address: zhibo.zhang@umbc.edu; K. Meyer 3,4; H. Yu 3,5; S. Platnick 3; P. Colarco 3; Z. Liu 6,7; Oreopoulos, L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: Joint Center of Earth System Technology (JCET), UMBC, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: Goddard Earth Science Technology and Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 5: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Greenbelt, MD, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 19, p26357; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Radiation -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Ocean -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Polarization mode dispersion; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Number of Pages: 65p; Illustrations: 1 Illustration, 4 Charts, 12 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-26357-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110320778&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pusede, S. E.
AU  - Duffey, K. C.
AU  - Shusterman, A. A.
AU  - Saleh, A.
AU  - Laughner, J. L.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Q. Zhang
AU  - Parworth, C. L.
AU  - Kim, H.
AU  - Capps, S. L.
AU  - Valin, L. C.
AU  - Cappa, C. D.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Walega, J.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
AU  - Hoff, R. M.
AU  - Berkoff, T. A.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Olson, J.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
T1  - On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 27087
EP  - 27136
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have fallen steadily across the US over the last fifteen years. At the same time, due to patterns diesel truck activities, NOx concentrations decrease on weekends relative to weekdays, largely without co-occurring changes in other gas-phase emissions. These trends taken together provide two independent constraints on the role of NOx in the nonlinear chemistry of atmospheric oxidation. In this context, we interpret interannual trends in wintertime ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) in the San Joaquin Valley of California, a location with the worst aerosol pollution in the US and where a large portion of aerosol mass is NH4NO3. Here, we show that NOx reductions have simultaneously decreased nighttime and increased daytime NH4NO3 production over the last decade. We find a substantial decrease in NH4NO3 since 2000 and conclude that this decrease is due to reduced nitrate radical-initiated production at night in residual layers that are decoupled from fresh emissions at the surface. Further reductions in NOx are imminent in California, and nationwide, and we make a quantitative prediction of the response of NH4NO3. We show that the combination of rapid chemical production and efficient NH4NO3 loss via deposition of gas-phase nitric acid implies high aerosol days in cities in the San Joaquin Valley air basin are responsive to local changes in NOx within those individual cities. Our calculations indicate that large decreases in NOx in the future will not only lower wintertime NH4NO3 concentrations, they will also cause a transition in the dominant NH4NO3 source from nighttime to daytime chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Ammonium nitrate
KW  - Weather
KW  - Gas phase reactions
KW  - Nitric acid
N1  - Accession Number: 110320793; Pusede, S. E. 1,2; Duffey, K. C. 1; Shusterman, A. A. 1; Saleh, A. 1; Laughner, J. L. 1; Wooldridge, P. J. 1; Q. Zhang 3; Parworth, C. L. 3; Kim, H. 4; Capps, S. L. 5; Valin, L. C. 6; Cappa, C. D. 7; Fried, A. 8; Walega, J. 8; Nowak, J. B. 9; Hoff, R. M. 10; Berkoff, T. A. 11; Beyersdorf, A. J. 11; Olson, J. 11; Crawford, J. H. 11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA; 2: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA; 3: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; 4: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; 5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 6: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA; 7: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; 8: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA; 9: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, 01821, USA; 10: Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA; 11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 19, p27087; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides; Thesaurus Term: Ammonium nitrate; Thesaurus Term: Weather; Subject Term: Gas phase reactions; Subject Term: Nitric acid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 50p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-27087-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110320793&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brock, C. A.
AU  - Wagner, N. L.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Attwood, A. R.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, P.
AU  - Carlton, A. G.
AU  - Day, D. A.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Gordon, T. D.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Lack, D. A.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Markovic, M. Z.
AU  - Middlebrook, A. M.
AU  - Ng, N. L.
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Richardson, M. S.
AU  - Schwarz, J. P.
AU  - Washenfelder, R. A.
T1  - Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer - Part 1: Hygroscopic growth.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 25695
EP  - 25738
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made during May-September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US) under fairweather, afternoon conditions with well-defined planetary boundary layer structure. Optical extinction at 532 nm was directly measured at three relative humidities and compared with extinction calculated from measurements of aerosol composition and size distribution using the κ-Köhler approximation for hygroscopic growth. Using this approach, the hygroscopicity parameter κ for the organic fraction of the aerosol must have been < 0.10 to be consistent with 75% of the observations within uncertainties. This subsaturated κ value for the organic aerosol in the southeastern US is consistent with several field studies in rural environments. We present a new parameterization of the change in aerosol extinction as a function of relative humidity that better describes the observations than does the widely used power-law (gamma, γ) parameterization. This new single-parameter κext formulation is 15 based upon κ-Köhler and Mie theories and relies upon the well-known approximately linear relationship between particle volume (or mass) and optical extinction (Charlson et al., 1967). The fitted parameter, κext, is nonlinearly related to the chemically derived κ parameter used in κ-Köhler theory. The values of κext we determined from airborne measurements are consistent with independent observations at a nearby ground site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties
KW  - Environmental engineering
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Analysis
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 110234259; Brock, C. A. 1; Email Address: charles.a.brock@noaa.gov; Wagner, N. L. 1,2; Anderson, B. E. 3; Attwood, A. R. 1,2,4; Beyersdorf, A. 3; Campuzano-Jost, P. 2,5; Carlton, A. G. 6; Day, D. A. 2,5; Diskin, G. S. 4; Gordon, T. D. 1,2; Jimenez, J. L. 2,5; Lack, D. A. 1,2,7; Liao, J. 1,2; Markovic, M. Z. 1,2,8; Middlebrook, A. M. 1; Ng, N. L. 9,10; Perring, A. E. 1,2; Richardson, M. S. 1,2; Schwarz, J. P. 1; Washenfelder, R. A. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Horiba Scientific, Edison, NJ, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA; 7: TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Australia; 8: Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 9: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 10: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 18, p25695; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties; Thesaurus Term: Environmental engineering; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement; Subject Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Analysis; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-25695-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110234259&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, H.
AU  - Considine, D. B.
AU  - Horowitz, L. W.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Rodriguez, J. M.
AU  - Strahan, S. E.
AU  - Damon, M. R.
AU  - Steenrod, S. D.
AU  - Xu, X.
AU  - Kouatchou, J.
AU  - Carouge, C.
AU  - Yantosca, R. M.
T1  - Using beryllium-7 to assess cross-tropopause transport in global models.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 26131
EP  - 26189
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We use the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) modeling framework to assess the utility of cosmogenic beryllium-7 (7Be), a natural aerosol tracer, for evaluating cross-tropopause transport in global models. The GMI chemical transport model (CTM) was used to simulate atmospheric 7Be distributions using four different meteorological data sets (GEOS1-STRAT DAS, GISS II' GCM, fvGCM, and GEOS4-DAS), featuring significantly different stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) characteristics. The simulations were compared with the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS) 7Be climatology constructed from ~ 25 years of aircraft and balloon data, as well as climatological records of surface concentrations and deposition fluxes. Comparison of the fraction of surface air of stratospheric origin estimated from the 7Be simulations with observationally-derived estimates indicates excessive cross-tropopause transport at middle latitudes in simulations using GEOS1-STRAT and at high latitudes using GISS II' meteorological data. These simulations also overestimate 7Be deposition fluxes at middle latitudes (GEOS1-STRAT) and at high latitudes (GISS II'), respectively. We show that excessive cross-tropopause transport of 7Be corresponds to overestimated stratospheric contribution to tropospheric ozone. Our perspectives on STE in these meteorological fields based on 7Be simulations are consistent with previous modeling studies of tropospheric ozone using the same meteorological fields. We further apply observational constraints to other global models including GFDL AM2 and GEOS-Chem (driven by GEOS3-DAS and GEOS5-DAS). We conclude that the observational constraints for 7Be and observed 7Be total deposition fluxes can be used routinely as a first-order assessment of cross-tropopause transport in global models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Beryllium
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 110234270; Liu, H. 1; Email Address: hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov; Considine, D. B. 2,3; Horowitz, L. W. 4; Crawford, J. H. 2; Rodriguez, J. M. 5; Strahan, S. E. 5,6; Damon, M. R. 5,7; Steenrod, S. D. 5,6; Xu, X. 8; Kouatchou, J. 5,7; Carouge, C. 9,10; Yantosca, R. M. 9; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA; 4: NOAA Geophysical Fluid and Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 6: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 9: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 10: University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 18, p26131; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Beryllium; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Optical properties; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 59p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-26131-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110234270&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Z.
AU  - Meyer, K.
AU  - Yu, H.
AU  - Platnick, S.
AU  - Colarco, P.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Oreopoulos, L.
T1  - Shortwave direct radiative effects of above cloud aerosols over global oceans derived from eight years of CALIOP and MODIS observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 26357
EP  - 26421
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In this paper, we studied the frequency of occurrence and shortwave direct radiative effects (DRE) of above-cloud aerosols (ACAs) over global oceans using eight years of collocated CALIOP and MODIS observations. Similar to previous work, we found high ACA occurrence in four regions: Southeast (SE) Atlantic region where ACAs are mostly light-absorbing aerosols, i.e., smoke and polluted dust according to CALIOP classification, originating from biomass burning over African Savanna; Tropical Northeast Atlantic and Arabian Sea where ACAs are predominantly windblown dust from the Sahara and Arabian desert, respectively; and Northwest Pacific where ACAs are mostly transported smoke and polluted dusts from Asian. From radiative transfer simulations based on CALIOP-MODIS observations and a set of the preselected aerosol optical models, we found the DREs of ACAs at the top of atmosphere (TOA) to be positive (i.e., warming) in the SE Atlantic and NW Pacific regions, but negative (i.e., cooling) in TNE Atlantic and Arabian Sea. The cancellation of positive and negative regional DREs results in a global ocean annual mean diurnally averaged cloudy-sky DRE of 0.015 W m-2 (range of -0.03 to 0.06 W m-2) at TOA. The DREs at surface and within atmosphere are -0.15 W m-2 (range of -0.09 to -0.21 W m-2), and 0.17 W m-2 (range of 0.11 to 0.24 W m-2), respectively. The regional and seasonal mean DREs are much stronger. For example, in the SE Atlantic region the JJA (July ~ August) seasonal mean cloudy-sky DRE is about 0.7 W m-2 (range of 0.2 to 1.2 W m-2) at TOA. The uncertainty in our DRE computations is mainly cause by the uncertainties in the aerosol optical properties, in particular aerosol absorption, and uncertainties in the CALIOP operational aerosol optical thickness retrieval. In situ and remotely sensed measurements of ACA from future field campaigns and satellite missions, and improved lidar retrieval algorithm, in particular vertical feature masking, would help reduce the uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols -- Analysis
KW  - Arabian Sea
N1  - Accession Number: 110234275; Zhang, Z. 1,2; Email Address: zhibo.zhang@umbc.edu; Meyer, K. 3,4; Yu, H. 3,5; Platnick, S. 3; Colarco, P. 3; Liu, Z. 6,7; Oreopoulos, L. 3; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: Joint Center of Earth System Technology (JCET), UMBC, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: Goddard Earth Science Technology and Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 5: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Greenbelt, MD, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 18, p26357; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Measurement; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Atmospheric aerosols -- Analysis; Subject: Arabian Sea; Number of Pages: 65p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-26357-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Follette-Cook, Melanie B.
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Fried, Alan
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
T1  - Spatial and temporal variability of trace gas columns derived from WRF/Chem regional model output: Planning for geostationary observations of atmospheric composition.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 44
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We quantify both the spatial and temporal variability of column integrated O 3 , NO 2 , CO, SO 2 , and HCHO over the Baltimore/Washington, DC area using output from the Weather Research and Forecasting model with on-line chemistry (WRF/Chem) for the entire month of July 2011, coinciding with the first deployment of the NASA Earth Venture program mission Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ). Using structure function analyses, we find that the model reproduces the spatial variability observed during the campaign reasonably well, especially for O 3 . The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument will be the first NASA mission to make atmospheric composition observations from geostationary orbit and partially fulfills the goals of the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission. We relate the simulated variability to the precision requirements defined by the science traceability matrices of these space-borne missions. Results for O 3 from 0 to 2 km altitude indicate that the TEMPO instrument would be able to observe O 3 air quality events over the Mid-Atlantic area, even on days when the violations of the air quality standard are not widespread. The results further indicated that horizontal gradients in CO from 0 to 2 km would be observable over moderate distances (≥20 km). The spatial and temporal results for tropospheric column NO 2 indicate that TEMPO would be able to observe not only the large urban plumes at times of peak production, but also the weaker gradients between rush hours. This suggests that the proposed spatial and temporal resolutions for these satellites as well as their prospective precision requirements are sufficient to answer the science questions they are tasked to address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Spatio-temporal variation
KW  - Geostationary satellites
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - Air quality
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - Geostationary
KW  - TEMPO
KW  - Variability
KW  - WRF/Chem
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 109159855; Follette-Cook, Melanie B. 1,2; Email Address: Melanie.cook@nasa.gov; Pickering, Kenneth E. 2; Crawford, James H. 3; Duncan, Bryan N. 2; Loughner, Christopher P. 2,4; Diskin, Glenn S. 3; Fried, Alan 5; Weinheimer, Andrew J. 6; Affiliations: 1: Morgan State University, GESTAR, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; 4: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, USA; 5: University of Colorado, USA; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 118, p28; Thesaurus Term: Trace gases; Thesaurus Term: Spatio-temporal variation; Subject Term: Geostationary satellites; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Atmospheric composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geostationary; Author-Supplied Keyword: TEMPO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: WRF/Chem ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Yi
AU  - Kim, Matt
AU  - Guo, Haiqing
AU  - Sunderland, Peter B.
AU  - Quintiere, James G.
AU  - deRis, John
AU  - Stocker, Dennis P.
T1  - Emulation of condensed fuel flames with gases in microgravity.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 162
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3449
EP  - 3455
SN  - 00102180
AB  - A gaseous fuel burner has been designed to emulate the burning behavior of liquids and solids. The burner is hypothesized to represent a liquid or solid fuel through four key properties: heat of combustion, heat of gasification, vaporization temperature, and laminar smoke point. Previous work supports this concept, and it has been demonstrated for four real fuels. The technique is applied to flames during 5 s of microgravity. Tests were conducted with a burner of 25 mm diameter, two gaseous fuels, and a range of flow rates, oxygen concentrations, and pressures. The microgravity tests reveal a condition appearing to approach a steady state but sometimes with apparent local extinction. The flame typically retains a hemispherical shape, with some indication of slowing growth, and nearly asymptotic steady flame heat flux. A one-dimensional steady-state theory reasonably correlates the data for flame heat flux and flame length. The burning rate per unit area is found to be inversely dependent on diameter and a function of the ratio of the ambient oxygen mass fraction to the heat of gasification. The flame length to diameter ratio depends on two dimensionless parameters: Spalding B number and the ratio of the heat of combustion per unit mass of ambient oxygen to the heat of combustion of the fuel mixture stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass gasification
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Flame
KW  - Burners (Technology)
KW  - Solid-liquid interfaces
KW  - Temperature effect
KW  - Diffusion flame
KW  - Fire
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 109494654; Zhang, Yi 1; Kim, Matt 1; Guo, Haiqing 1; Sunderland, Peter B. 1; Quintiere, James G. 1; Email Address: jimq@umd.edu; deRis, John 2; Stocker, Dennis P. 3; Affiliations: 1: Dept. of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: FM Global, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 162 Issue 10, p3449; Thesaurus Term: Biomass gasification; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Burners (Technology); Subject Term: Solid-liquid interfaces; Subject Term: Temperature effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.05.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Lupu, Roxana
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony
AU  - Sleep, Norman H.
T1  - The tethered Moon.
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 427
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 82
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - We address the thermal history of the Earth after the Moon-forming impact, taking tidal heating and thermal blanketing by the atmosphere into account. The atmosphere sets an upper bound of ∼100 W/m 2 on how quickly the Earth can cool. The liquid magma ocean cools over 2–10 Myr, with longer times corresponding to high angular-momentum events. Tidal heating is focused mostly in mantle materials that are just beginning to freeze. The atmosphere's control over cooling sets up a negative feedback between viscosity-dependent tidal heating and temperature-dependent viscosity of the magma ocean. While the feedback holds, evolution of the Moon's orbit is limited by the modest radiative cooling rate of Earth's atmosphere. Orbital evolution is orders of magnitude slower than in conventional constant Q models, which promotes capture by resonances. The evection resonance is encountered early, when the Earth is molten. Capture by the evection resonance appears certain but unlikely to generate much eccentricity because it is encountered early when the Earth is molten and Q ⊕ ≫ Q ☾ . Tidal dissipation in the Earth becomes more efficient ( Q ⊕ ≪ Q ☾ ) later when the Moon is between ∼ 20 R ⊕ and ∼ 40 R ⊕ . If lunar eccentricity grew great, this was when it did so, perhaps setting the table for some other process to leave its mark on the inclination of the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Magmas
KW  - Angular momentum (Mechanics)
KW  - Moon
KW  - Earth and Moon formation
KW  - Earth and Moon tidal evolution
KW  - Earth atmospheric evolution
KW  - Earth thermal evolution
N1  - Accession Number: 108654192; Zahnle, Kevin J. 1; Email Address: Kevin.J.Zahnle@NASA.gov; Lupu, Roxana 2; Email Address: roxana.s.lupu@nasa.gov; Dobrovolskis, Anthony 2; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov; Sleep, Norman H. 3; Email Address: norm@stanford.edu; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 95064, USA; 3: Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 427, p74; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Subject Term: Magmas; Subject Term: Angular momentum (Mechanics); Subject Term: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth and Moon formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth and Moon tidal evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth atmospheric evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth thermal evolution; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.058
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sudek, Sebastian
AU  - Everroad, R. Craig
AU  - Gehman, Alyssa-Lois M.
AU  - Smith, Jason M.
AU  - Poirier, Camille L.
AU  - Chavez, Francisco P.
AU  - Worden, Alexandra Z.
T1  - Cyanobacterial distributions along a physico-chemical gradient in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 17
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3692
EP  - 3707
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - The cyanobacteria P rochlorococcus and S ynechococcus are important marine primary producers. We explored their distributions and covariance along a physico-chemical gradient from coastal to open ocean waters in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. An inter-annual pattern was delineated in the dynamic transition zone where upwelled and eastern boundary current waters mix, and two new S ynechococcus clades, Eastern Pacific Clade ( EPC) 1 and EPC2, were identified. By applying state-of-the-art phylogenetic analysis tools to bar-coded 16S amplicon datasets, we observed higher abundance of P rochlorococcus high-light I ( HLI) and low-light I ( LLI) in years when more oligotrophic water intruded farther inshore, while under stronger upwelling S ynechococcus  I and IV dominated. However, contributions of some cyanobacterial clades were proportionally relatively constant, e.g. S ynechococcus  EPC2. In addition to supporting observations that P rochlorococcus  LLI thrive at higher irradiances than other LL taxa, the results suggest LLI tolerate lower temperatures than previously reported. The phylogenetic precision of our 16S rRNA gene analytical approach and depth of bar-coded sequencing also facilitated detection of clades at low abundance in unexpected places. These include P rochlorococcus at the coast and C yanobium-related sequences offshore, although it remains unclear whether these came from resident or potentially advected cells. Our study enhances understanding of cyanobacterial distributions in an ecologically important eastern boundary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - Bacteria -- Geographical distribution
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Seawater
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Pacific Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 110464957; Sudek, Sebastian 1; Everroad, R. Craig 2; Gehman, Alyssa-Lois M. 1; Smith, Jason M. 1; Poirier, Camille L. 1; Chavez, Francisco P. 1; Worden, Alexandra Z. 1,3; Affiliations: 1: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; 2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; 3: Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 17 Issue 10, p3692; Thesaurus Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Bacteria -- Geographical distribution; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Seawater; Subject Term: Cyanobacteria; Subject: Pacific Ocean; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1462-2920.12742
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maurer, E. P.
AU  - Ficklin, D. L.
AU  - Wang, W.
T1  - Technical Note: The impact of spatial scale in bias correction of climate model output for hydrologic impact studies.
JO  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions
JF  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 10893
EP  - 10920
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18122108
AB  - Statistical downscaling is a commonly used technique for translating large-scale climate model output to a scale appropriate for assessing impacts. To ensure downscaled meteorology can be used in climate impact studies, downscaling must correct biases in the large-scale signal. A simple and generally effective method for accommodating systematic biases in large-scale model output is quantile mapping, which has been applied to many variables and shown to reduce biases on average, even in the presence of non-stationarity. Quantile mapping bias correction has been applied at spatial scales ranging from areas of hundreds of kilometers to individual points, such as weather station locations. Since water resources and other models used to simulate climate impacts are sensitive to biases in input meteorology, there is a motivation to apply bias correction at a scale fine enough that the downscaled data closely resembles historically observed data, though past work has identified undesirable consequences to applying quantile mapping at too fine a scale. This study explores the role of the spatial scale at which the quantile-mapping bias correction is applied, in the context of estimating high and low daily streamflows across the Western United States. We vary the spatial scale at which quantile mapping bias correction is performed from 2° (~ 200 km) to 1=8° (~ 12 km) within a statistical downscaling procedure, and use the downscaled daily precipitation and temperature to drive a hydrology model. We find that little ad ditional benefit is obtained, and some skill is degraded, when using quantile mapping at scales finer than approximately 0.5° (~ 50 km). This can provide guidance to those applying the quantile mapping bias correction method for hydrologic impacts analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Hydrologic models
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Bias correction (Topology)
N1  - Accession Number: 110751288; Maurer, E. P. 1; Email Address: emaurer@engr.scu.edu; Ficklin, D. L. 2; Wang, W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Santa Clara University, Civil Engineering Department, Santa Clara, California, 95053-0563, USA; 2: Indiana University, Department of Geography, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; 3: California State University, Monterey Bay, Department of Science and Environmental Policy and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p10893; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic models; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Hydrology; Subject Term: Bias correction (Topology); Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/hessd-12-10893-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter
T1  - Editor's Note.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2015/10//Oct-Dec2015
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 401
EP  - 401
SN  - 08982112
AB  - The article reports on the selection of Murat Caner Testik as the succeeding editor-in-chief of the journal in 2016.
KW  - EDITORS
KW  - PERIODICALS
KW  - TESTIK, Murat Caner
N1  - Accession Number: 109475748; Parker, Peter 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Issue Info: Oct-Dec2015, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p401; Thesaurus Term: EDITORS; Subject Term: PERIODICALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414420 Book, periodical and newspaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 451310 Book stores and news dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 451212 News Dealers and Newsstands; People: TESTIK, Murat Caner; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2015.1090248
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Sara R.
AU  - Leonard, Robert D.
AU  - Edwards, David J.
AU  - Swieringa, Kurt A.
AU  - Murdoch, Jennifer L.
T1  - Model Specification and Confidence Intervals for Voice Communication.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2015/10//Oct-Dec2015
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 402
EP  - 415
SN  - 08982112
AB  - There is an ongoing need for modeling voice communications in industrial applications, with system performance often depending on the accuracy of this information transfer. This article presents a case study using data from a human-in-the-loop experiment with a simulated flight environment conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to investigate airborne spacing procedures. The interval management procedures during approach to an airport required a complex voice clearance issued by Air Traffic Control to a flight crew using radio communications. The time required for voice communication transfers is modeled, as is the time required for flight crews to complete data entry tasks. Commonly used reliability distributions are fit to the data, and the lognormal and log-logistic distributions are found to model the data reasonably well. Two analytical methods for calculating the confidence intervals for the lognormal mean are compared, and bootstrapping is used for log-logistic mean confidence intervals. Extensive investigation of outliers was performed to identify procedural anomalies. These initial results lead to design guidance for the phraseology used in air/ground communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - RADIO (Medium)
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - CONFIDENCE intervals
KW  - BOOTSTRAPPING (Statistics)
KW  - bootstrap methods
KW  - maximum likelihood estimation
KW  - nonnormal data
KW  - nonparametric methods
KW  - probability distributions
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 109475735; Wilson, Sara R. 1; Leonard, Robert D. 2; Edwards, David J. 2; Swieringa, Kurt A. 1; Murdoch, Jennifer L. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Issue Info: Oct-Dec2015, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p402; Thesaurus Term: AIR traffic control; Thesaurus Term: RADIO (Medium); Thesaurus Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: CONFIDENCE intervals; Subject Term: BOOTSTRAPPING (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: bootstrap methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: maximum likelihood estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonnormal data; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonparametric methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability distributions ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515111 Radio Networks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2015.1023313
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colgan, William
AU  - Abdalati, Waleed
AU  - Citterio, Michele
AU  - Csatho, Beata
AU  - Fettweis, Xavier
AU  - Luthcke, Scott
AU  - Moholdt, Geir
AU  - Simonsen, Sebastian B.
AU  - Stober, Manfred
T1  - Hybrid glacier Inventory, Gravimetry and Altimetry (HIGA) mass balance product for Greenland and the Canadian Arctic.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 168
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 39
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present a novel inversion algorithm that generates a mass balance field that is simultaneously consistent with independent observations of glacier inventory derived from optical imagery, cryosphere-attributed mass trends derived from satellite gravimetry, and ice surface elevation trends derived from airborne and satellite altimetry. We use this algorithm to assess mass balance across Greenland and the Canadian Arctic over the Sep-2003 to Oct-2009 period at 26 km resolution. We evaluate local algorithm-inferred mass balance against forty in situ point observations. This evaluation yields an RMSE of 0.15 mWE/a, and highlights a paucity of in situ observations from regions of high dynamic mass loss and peripheral glaciers. We assess mass losses of 212 ± 67 Gt/a to the Greenland ice sheet proper, 38 ± 11 Gt/a to peripheral glaciers in Greenland, and 42 ± 11 Gt/a to glaciers in the Canadian Arctic. These magnitudes of mass loss are dependent on the gravimetry-derived spherical harmonic mass trend we invert. We spatially partition the transient glacier continuity equation by differencing algorithm-inferred mass balance from modeled surface mass balance, in order to solve the horizontal divergence of ice flux as a residual. This residual ice dynamic field infers flux divergence (or submergent flow) in the ice sheet accumulation area and at tidewater margins, and flux convergence (or emergent flow) in land-terminating ablation areas, which is consistent with continuum mechanics theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Glaciers
KW  - Mass budget (Geophysics)
KW  - Gravimetry
KW  - Altimetry
KW  - Greenland
KW  - Canada, Northern
KW  - Canada
KW  - Glacier
KW  - Ice sheet
KW  - Mass balance
N1  - Accession Number: 109239314; Colgan, William 1,2; Abdalati, Waleed 2; Citterio, Michele 1; Csatho, Beata 3; Fettweis, Xavier 4; Luthcke, Scott 5; Moholdt, Geir 6,7; Simonsen, Sebastian B. 8; Stober, Manfred 9; Affiliations: 1: Marine Geology and Glaciology, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Department of Geology, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA; 4: Department of Geography, University of Liége, Liége, Belgium; 5: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 6: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA; 7: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Center, Tromsø, Norway; 8: Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; 9: Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 168, p24; Thesaurus Term: Glaciers; Thesaurus Term: Mass budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: Gravimetry; Subject Term: Altimetry; Subject: Greenland; Subject: Canada, Northern; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canada; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glacier; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice sheet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass balance; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.06.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Macintosh, B.
AU  - Graham, J. R.
AU  - Barman, T.
AU  - De Rosa, R. J.
AU  - Konopacky, Q.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Marois, C.
AU  - Nielsen, E. L.
AU  - Pueyo, L.
AU  - Rajan, A.
AU  - Rameau, J.
AU  - Saumon, D.
AU  - Wang, J. J.
AU  - Patience, J.
AU  - Ammons, M.
AU  - Arriaga, P.
AU  - Artigau, E.
AU  - Beckwith, S.
AU  - Brewster, J.
AU  - Bruzzone, S.
T1  - Discovery and spectroscopy of the young jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/10/02/
VL  - 350
IS  - 6256
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 87
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Directly detecting thermal emission from young extrasolar planets allows measurement of their atmospheric compositions and luminosities, which are influenced by their formation mechanisms. Using the Gemini Planet Imager, we discovered a planet orbiting the ~20-million-year-old star 51 Eridani at a projected separation of 13 astronomical units. Near-infrared observations show a spectrum with strong methane and water-vapor absorption. Modeling of the spectra and photometry yields a luminosity (normalized by the luminosity of the Sun) of 1.6 to 4.0 x 10-6 and an effective temperature of 600 to 750 kelvin. For this age and luminosity, "hot-start" formation models indicate a mass twice that of Jupiter. This planet also has a sufficiently low luminosity to be consistent with the "cold-start" core-accretion process that may have formed Jupiter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Gas giants
KW  - Atmospheres of extrasolar planets
KW  - Near infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Luminosity
KW  - Origin of planets
N1  - Accession Number: 110105378; Macintosh, B. 1,2; Email Address: bmacintosh@stanford.edu; Graham, J. R. 3; Barman, T. 4; De Rosa, R. J. 3; Konopacky, Q. 5; Marley, M. S. 6; Marois, C. 7,8; Nielsen, E. L. 1,9; Pueyo, L. 10; Rajan, A. 11; Rameau, J. 12; Saumon, D. 13; Wang, J. J. 3; Patience, J. 11; Ammons, M. 2; Arriaga, P. 14; Artigau, E. 12; Beckwith, S. 3; Brewster, J. 9; Bruzzone, S. 15; Affiliations: 1: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94040, USA; 3: Department of Astronomy, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; 5: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 7: National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, British Columbia V9E 2E7, Canada; 8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada; 9: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Carl Sagan Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 10: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; 11: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Post Office Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; 12: Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes, Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; 13: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Post Office Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; 14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Issue Info: 10/2/2015, Vol. 350 Issue 6256, p64; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Gas giants; Subject Term: Atmospheres of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Near infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: Luminosity; Subject Term: Origin of planets; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aac5891
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - KATIE MCKISSICK National Aeronautics and Space Administration
T1  - Earth’s cousin Kepler-452b.
JO  - Townsville Bulletin
JF  - Townsville Bulletin
J1  - Townsville Bulletin
PY  - 2015/10/06/
Y1  - 2015/10/06/
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
PB  - News Limited Australia
N1  - Accession Number: 9X9BULNEWSMMGLSTRY000134976447; Source Information: 10/06/2015; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - n5h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Ankur R.
AU  - Xu, Ke
AU  - Tian, Hanqin
AU  - Weishampel, Peter
AU  - Thom, Jonathan
AU  - Baumann, Dan
AU  - Andrews, Arlyn E.
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - King, Jennifer Y.
AU  - Kolka, Randall
T1  - Corrigendum to “Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Volume 201(2015), 61-75.
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2015/10/15/
VL  - 211
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 01681923
KW  - Landscapes
KW  - Methane
KW  - Forest meteorology
KW  - Agricultural meteorology
KW  - Errata (Publishing)
KW  - Literary errors & blunders
N1  - Accession Number: 103653692; Desai, Ankur R. 1; Email Address: desai@aos.wisc.edu; Xu, Ke 1; Tian, Hanqin 2; Weishampel, Peter 3; Thom, Jonathan 1; Baumann, Dan 4; Andrews, Arlyn E. 5; Cook, Bruce D. 6; King, Jennifer Y. 7; Kolka, Randall 8; Affiliations: 1: Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; 2: International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; 3: Great Lakes Domain, National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc. Land O Lakes, WI, USA; 4: Wisconsin Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Rhinelander, WI, USA; 5: Earth Systems Research Lab National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 7: Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; 8: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, USA; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 211, p1; Thesaurus Term: Landscapes; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Forest meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural meteorology; Subject Term: Errata (Publishing); Subject Term: Literary errors & blunders; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - An optimized proportional-derivative controller for the human upper extremity with gravity.
AU  - Jagodnik, Kathleen M.
AU  - Blana, Dimitra
AU  - van den Bogert, Antonie J.
AU  - Kirsch, Robert F.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanics
JF  - Journal of Biomechanics
Y1  - 2015/10/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 13
SP  - 3701
EP  - 3709
SN  - 00219290
N1  - Accession Number: 110254037; Author: Jagodnik, Kathleen M.: 1,2,3 email: kmjagodnik@gmail.com. Author: Blana, Dimitra: 4 Author: van den Bogert, Antonie J.: 1,5,6 Author: Kirsch, Robert F.: 1,7,8,9 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States: 2 Fluid Physics and Transport Processes Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States: 3 Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States: 4 Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, UK: 5 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States: 6 Orchard Kinetics, LLC, Cleveland, OH, United States: 7 Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Center, Cleveland, OH, United States: 8 Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States: 9 MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; No. of Pages: 9; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20151016
N2  - When Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is used to restore movement in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI), muscle stimulation patterns should be selected to generate accurate and efficient movements. Ideally, the controller for such a neuroprosthesis will have the simplest architecture possible, to facilitate translation into a clinical setting. In this study, we used the simulated annealing algorithm to optimize two proportional-derivative (PD) feedback controller gain sets for a 3-dimensional arm model that includes musculoskeletal dynamics and has 5 degrees of freedom and 22 muscles, performing goal-oriented reaching movements. Controller gains were optimized by minimizing a weighted sum of position errors, orientation errors, and muscle activations. After optimization, gain performance was evaluated on the basis of accuracy and efficiency of reaching movements, along with three other benchmark gain sets not optimized for our system, on a large set of dynamic reaching movements for which the controllers had not been optimized, to test ability to generalize. Robustness in the presence of weakened muscles was also tested. The two optimized gain sets were found to have very similar performance to each other on all metrics, and to exhibit significantly better accuracy, compared with the three standard gain sets. All gain sets investigated used physiologically acceptable amounts of muscular activation. It was concluded that optimization can yield significant improvements in controller performance while still maintaining muscular efficiency, and that optimization should be considered as a strategy for future neuroprosthesis controller design. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *ELECTRIC stimulation
KW  - *SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - PID controllers
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - Feedback control
KW  - Functional electrical stimulation
KW  - Human
KW  - Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Proportional-derivative
KW  - Upper extremity
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fine, Rebekka
AU  - Miller, Matthieu B.
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Gustin, Mae Sexauer
T1  - Investigating the influence of long-range transport on surface O3 in Nevada, USA, using observations from multiple measurement platforms.
JO  - Science of the Total Environment
JF  - Science of the Total Environment
Y1  - 2015/10/15/
VL  - 530
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 504
SN  - 00489697
AB  - The current United States (US) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O 3 (75 ppb) is expected to be revised to between 60 and 70 ppb. As the NAAQS becomes more stringent, characterizing the extent of O 3 and precursors transported into the US is increasingly important. Given the high elevation, complex terrain, and location in the Intermountain West, the State of Nevada is ideally situated to intercept air transported into the US. Until recently, measurements of O 3 and associated pollutants were limited to areas in and around the cities of Las Vegas and Reno. In 2011, the Nevada Rural Ozone Initiative began and through this project 13 surface monitoring sites were established. Also in 2011, the NASA Ames Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) began making routine aircraft measurements of O 3 and other greenhouse gases in Nevada. The availability of aircraft and surface measurements in a relatively rural, remote setting in the Intermountain West presented a unique opportunity to investigate sources contributing to the O 3 observed in Nevada. Our analyses indicate that stratosphere to troposphere transport, long-range transport of Asian pollution, and regional emissions from urban areas and wildfires influence surface observations. The complexity of sources identified here along with the fact that O 3 frequently approaches the threshold being considered for a revised NAAQS indicate that interstate and international cooperation will be necessary to achieve compliance with a more stringent regulatory standard. Further, on a seasonal basis we found no significant difference between daily 1-h maximum O 3 at surface sites, which ranged in elevation from 888 to 2307 m, and aircraft measurements of O 3 < 2500 m which suggests that similar processes influence daytime O 3 across rural Nevada and indicates that column measurements from Railroad Valley, NV are useful in understanding these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Pollutants
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Metropolitan areas
KW  - Nevada
KW  - Asian pollution
KW  - Back trajectory
KW  - Stratosphere to troposphere transport
N1  - Accession Number: 103425716; Fine, Rebekka 1; Email Address: rebekkafine@gmail.com; Miller, Matthieu B. 1; Yates, Emma L. 2; Iraci, Laura T. 2; Gustin, Mae Sexauer 1; Email Address: mgustin@cabnr.unr.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, USA; 2: Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2015, Vol. 530, p493; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Pollutants; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Subject Term: Metropolitan areas; Subject: Nevada; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asian pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Back trajectory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere to troposphere transport; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.125
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Bagenal, F.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Gladstone, G. R.
AU  - Grundy, W. M.
AU  - McKinnon, W. B.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Young, L. A.
AU  - Andert, T.
AU  - Andrews, J.
AU  - Banks, M.
AU  - Bauer, B.
AU  - Bauman, J.
AU  - Barnouin, O. S.
AU  - Bedini, P.
AU  - Beisser, K.
AU  - Beyer, R. A.
T1  - The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/10/16/
VL  - 350
IS  - 6258
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article offers a summary to a study published in the issue on the exploration of the dwarf planet Pluto by the spacecraft New Horizons, including Pluto's moon Charon. An overview of Pluto's surface, including its colors, terrain ages, geology, diverse landforms and surface ice conditions, is provided.
KW  - Pluto (Dwarf planet)
KW  - Planets -- Exploration
KW  - Planetary surfaces
KW  - Charon (Satellite)
KW  - Planetary landforms
KW  - New Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110414211; Stern, S. A. 1; Email Address: astern@boulder.swri.edu; Bagenal, F. 2; Ennico, K. 3; Gladstone, G. R. 4; Grundy, W. M. 5; McKinnon, W. B. 6; Moore, J. M. 3; Olkin, C. B. 1; Spencer, J. R. 1; Weaver, H. A. 7; Young, L. A. 1; Andert, T. 8; Andrews, J. 1; Banks, M. 9; Bauer, B. 7; Bauman, J. 10; Barnouin, O. S. 7; Bedini, P. 7; Beisser, K. 7; Beyer, R. A. 3; Affiliations: 1: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 28510, USA; 5: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 6: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; 7: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 8: Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg 85577, Germany; 9: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 10: KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA; Issue Info: 10/16/2015, Vol. 350 Issue 6258, p1; Subject Term: Pluto (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: Planets -- Exploration; Subject Term: Planetary surfaces; Subject Term: Charon (Satellite); Subject Term: Planetary landforms ; Company/Entity: New Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad1815
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bretschger, Orianna
AU  - Carpenter, Kayla
AU  - Phan, Tony
AU  - Suzuki, Shino
AU  - Ishii, Shun’ichi
AU  - Grossi-Soyster, Elysse
AU  - Flynn, Michael
AU  - Hogan, John
T1  - Functional and taxonomic dynamics of an electricity-consuming methane-producing microbial community.
JO  - Bioresource Technology
JF  - Bioresource Technology
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 195
M3  - Article
SP  - 254
EP  - 264
SN  - 09608524
AB  - The functional and taxonomic microbial dynamics of duplicate electricity-consuming methanogenic communities were observed over a 6 months period to characterize the reproducibility, stability and recovery of electromethanogenic consortia. The highest rate of methanogenesis was 0.72 mg-CH 4 /L/day, which occurred during the third month of enrichment when multiple methanogenic phylotypes and associated Desulfovibrionaceae phylotypes were present in the electrode-associated microbial community. Results also suggest that electromethanogenic microbial communities are very sensitive to electron donor-limiting open-circuit conditions. A 45 min exposure to open-circuit conditions induced an 87% drop in volumetric methane production rates. Methanogenic performance recovered after 4 months to a maximum value of 0.30 mg-CH 4 /L/day under set potential operation (−700 mV vs Ag/AgCl); however, current consumption and biomass production was variable over time. Long-term functional and taxonomic analyses from experimental replicates provide new knowledge toward understanding how to enrich electromethanogenic communities and operate bioelectrochemical systems for stable and reproducible performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bioresource Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Electric power consumption
KW  - Biomass production
KW  - Bioelectrochemistry
KW  - Methanobacteriaceae
KW  - Electrodes
KW  - Bioelectrochemical systems
KW  - Electromethanogenesis
KW  - Microbial community dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 108845328; Bretschger, Orianna 1; Email Address: obretschger@jcvi.org; Carpenter, Kayla 1; Phan, Tony 1; Suzuki, Shino 1,2; Ishii, Shun’ichi 1,2; Grossi-Soyster, Elysse 3,4,5; Flynn, Michael 5; Hogan, John 5; Affiliations: 1: J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; 2: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kochi, Japan; 3: University Affiliated Research Center, UC Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 195, p254; Thesaurus Term: Electric power consumption; Thesaurus Term: Biomass production; Thesaurus Term: Bioelectrochemistry; Subject Term: Methanobacteriaceae; Subject Term: Electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioelectrochemical systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromethanogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial community dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.129
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Artieda, Octavio
AU  - Davila, Alfonso
AU  - Wierzchos, Jacek
AU  - Buhler, Peter
AU  - Rodríguez-Ochoa, Rafael
AU  - Pueyo, Juan
AU  - Ascaso, Carmen
T1  - Surface evolution of salt-encrusted playas under extreme and continued dryness.
JO  - Earth Surface Processes & Landforms
JF  - Earth Surface Processes & Landforms
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 40
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1939
EP  - 1950
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 01979337
AB  - Miocene continental saltpans are scattered in the Central Valley of the Atacama Desert, one of the driest regions on Earth. These evaporitic deposits are hydrologically inactive, and are detached from groundwater brines or aquifers. The surface of the saltpans, also known as salars, comprises desiccation polygons, commonly with nodular salt structures along their sides. The morphology and bulk mineralogy of salt polygons differs between and within salars, and the shape and internal structure of salt nodules varies between different polygon types. Based on field observation, and mineralogy and crystallography data, we generated a conceptual model for the genesis and evolution of these surface features, whereby rare rainfall events are responsible for the transformation of desiccation salt polygons and the initial formation of salt nodules along polygon borders. In addition, frequent, but less intense, deliquescence events further drive the evolution of salt nodules, resulting in a characteristic internal structure that includes laminations, and changes in porosity and crystal morphologies. As a result, and despite the extreme dryness, the surfaces of fossil salars are dynamic on timescales of several years to decades, in response to daily cycles in atmospheric moisture, and also to rare and meager rainfall events. We propose that fossil salars in the Atacama Desert represent an end stage in the evolution of evaporitic deposits under extreme and prolonged dryness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Surface Processes & Landforms is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aquifers
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Salt pans (Geology)
KW  - Polygons
KW  - Dehydration (Physiology)
KW  - aridity
KW  - Atacama desert
KW  - halite
KW  - salar evolution
KW  - salt polygons
N1  - Accession Number: 110547044; Artieda, Octavio 1; Davila, Alfonso 2; Wierzchos, Jacek 3; Buhler, Peter 4; Rodríguez-Ochoa, Rafael 5; Pueyo, Juan 6; Ascaso, Carmen 3; Affiliations: 1: Universidad de Extremadura; 2: NASA Ames Research Center; 3: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC; 4: California Institute of Technology; 5: Dept. Medi Ambient i Ciències del Sòl, Universitat de Lleida; 6: Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona; Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 40 Issue 14, p1939; Thesaurus Term: Aquifers; Thesaurus Term: Mineralogy; Subject Term: Salt pans (Geology); Subject Term: Polygons; Subject Term: Dehydration (Physiology); Author-Supplied Keyword: aridity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: halite; Author-Supplied Keyword: salar evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: salt polygons; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/esp.3771
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110547044&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zheng, Yihua
AU  - Kuznetsova, Maria M.
AU  - Pulkkinen, Antti A.
AU  - Maddox, Marlo M.
AU  - Mays, Mona Leila
T1  - Research-Based Monitoring, Prediction, and Analysis Tools of the Spacecraft Charging Environment for Spacecraft Users.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2015/11//
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3925
EP  - 3932
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The Space Weather Research Center (<uri xlink:href="http://swrc. gsfc.nasa.gov" xlink:type="simple">http://swrc. gsfc.nasa.gov</uri>) at NASA Goddard, part of the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (<uri xlink:href="http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov" xlink:type="simple">http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov</uri>), is committed to providing research-based forecasts and notifications to address NASA’s space weather needs, in addition to its critical role in space weather education. It provides a host of services including spacecraft anomaly resolution, historical impact analysis, real-time monitoring and forecasting, tailored space weather alerts and products, and weekly summaries and reports. In this paper, we focus on how (near) real-time data (both in space and on ground), in combination with modeling capabilities and an innovative dissemination system called the integrated Space Weather Analysis system (<uri xlink:href="http://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov" xlink:type="simple">http://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov</uri>), enable monitoring, analyzing, and predicting the spacecraft charging environment for spacecraft users. Relevant tools and resources are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electrostatic charging
KW  - RESEARCH -- Methodology
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - WEATHER forecasting -- Mathematical models
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 110859415; Source Information: Nov2015, Vol. 43 Issue 11, p3925; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electrostatic charging; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Methodology; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2015.2479575
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=110859415&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dekany, Justin
AU  - Christensen, Justin
AU  - Dennison, John Robert
AU  - Jensen, Amberly Evans
AU  - Wilson, Gregory
AU  - Schneider, Todd
AU  - Bowers, Charles W.
AU  - Meloy, Robert
T1  - Variations in Cathodoluminescent Intensity of Spacecraft Materials Exposed to Energetic Electron Bombardment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
PY  - 2015/11//
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3948
EP  - 3954
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Many contemporary spacecraft materials exhibit cathodoluminescence when exposed to electron flux from the space plasma environment. A quantitative physics-based model has been developed to predict the intensity of the total glow as a function of incident electron current density and energy, temperature, and intrinsic material properties. We present a comparative study of the absolute spectral radiance for more than 20 types of dielectric and composite materials based on this model, which spans more than three orders of magnitude. Variations in intensity are contrasted for different electron environments, different sizes of samples and sample sets, different testing and analysis methods, and data acquired at different test facilities. Together, these results allow us to estimate the accuracy and precision to which laboratory studies may be able to determine the response of spacecraft materials in the actual space environment. It also provides guidance as to the distribution of emissions that may be expected for sets of similar flight hardware under similar environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON bombardment conductivity
KW  - CATHODOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - CONDENSED matter
KW  - QUASICRYSTALS
N1  - Accession Number: 110859414; Source Information: Nov2015, Vol. 43 Issue 11, p3948; Subject Term: ELECTRON bombardment conductivity; Subject Term: CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: CONDENSED matter; Subject Term: QUASICRYSTALS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2015.2480086
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=110859414&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
AU  - Toro, Kenneth G.
AU  - Chan, David T.
AU  - Balakrishna, Sundareswara
AU  - Landman, Drew
T1  - Enhancements to the National Transonic Facility Semispan Force Measurement System.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
Y1  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1736
EP  - 1755
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Recent wind-tunnel tests at the NASA Langley Research Center National Transonic Facility used high-pressure bellows to route air to the semispan model for evaluating aircraft circulation control testing techniques. The introduction of these bellows within the sidewall model support system impacted the performance of the sidewall mounted force measurement system. A capability has been developed to facilitate system-level calibrations that characterize the performance of the force measurement system under influence of static pressure tare and thermal effects. From the highest system-level perspective, the aerodynamic research being conducted using this system would benefit from a system-level calibration at conditions that most accurately simulate testlike operating conditions. Detail is given on the recent improvements and design modifications to improve performance and calibration of the system as well as recommendations for future improvements. Experimental data from recent testing using the force measurement system are presented, with the results supporting the necessity for future system enhancements to improve system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - STANDARDIZATION
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - MEASUREMENT errors
N1  - Accession Number: 112148539; Source Information: Nov/Dec2015, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1736; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: STANDARDIZATION; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT errors; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 20p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032942
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=112148539&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yueping Guo
AU  - Thomas, Russell H.
T1  - System Noise Assessment of Hybrid Wing-Body Aircraft with Open-Rotor Propulsion.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
Y1  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1767
EP  - 1779
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An aircraft system noise study is presented for the hybrid wing-body aircraft concept with open-rotor engines mounted on the upper surface of the airframe. The aircraft chosen for the study is of a size comparable to the Boeing 787 aircraft. It is shown that, for such a hybrid wing-body aircraft, the cumulative effective perceived noise level is about 24 dB below the current aircraft noise regulations of stage 4. Although this makes the design acoustically viable in meeting the regulatory requirements, even with the consideration of more stringent noise regulations in the next decade or so, the design will likely meet stiff competition from aircraft with turbofan engines. The noise levels of the hybrid wing-body design are held up by the inherently high noise levels of the open-rotor engines and the limitation on the shielding benefit due to the practical design constraint on the engine location. Furthermore, it is shown that the hybrid wing-body design has high levels of noise from the main landing gear, due to their exposure to high-speed flow at the junction between the centerbody and outer wing. To identify approaches that may further reduce noise, parametric studies are also presented, including variations in engine location, vertical tail and elevon variations, and airframe surface acoustic liner treatment effect. These have the potential to further reduce noise, but some of these technologies are only at the proof-of-concept stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC transients
KW  - LANDING aids (Aeronautics)
KW  - DISSONANCE (Music theory)
KW  - MOTOR vehicles
KW  - NOISE pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 112148541; Source Information: Nov/Dec2015, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1767; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC transients; Subject Term: LANDING aids (Aeronautics); Subject Term: DISSONANCE (Music theory); Subject Term: MOTOR vehicles; Subject Term: NOISE pollution; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=112148541&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaal, Peter M. T.
AU  - Schroeder, Jeffery A.
AU  - Chung, William W.
T1  - Transfer of Training on the Vertical Motion Simulator.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
Y1  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1971
EP  - 1984
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes a quasi-transfer-of-training study in the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator. Sixty-one general aviation pilots trained on four challenging commercial transport tasks under one of four different motion conditions: no motion, small hexapod, large hexapod, and Vertical Motion Simulator motion. Then, every pilot repeated the tasks in a check with Vertical Motion Simulator motion to determine if training with different motion conditions had an effect on task performance. New objective motion criteria guided the selection of the motion parameters for the small and large hexapod conditions. Considering results that were statistically significant, or marginally significant, the motion condition used in training affected 1) longitudinal and lateral touchdown position, 2) the number of secondary stall warnings in a stall recovery, 3) pilot ratings of motion utility and maximum load factor obtained in an overbanked upset recovery, and 4) pilot ratings of motion utility and pedal input reaction time in an engine-out-on-takeoff task. Because the training motion conditions revealed statistical differences on objective measures in all the tasks performed in the Vertical Motion Simulator motion check, with some in the direction not predicted, trainers should be cautious not to oversimplify the effects of platform motion. Evidence suggests that the new objective motion criteria may offer valid standardization benefits because increases in the training motion fidelity, as predicted by the two conditions covered by the criteria, resulted in expected trends in pilot ratings and objective performance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TUMBLING motion
KW  - HORIZONTAL motion
KW  - PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - TURNAROUND time
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 112148556; Source Information: Nov/Dec2015, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1971; Subject Term: TUMBLING motion; Subject Term: HORIZONTAL motion; Subject Term: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: TURNAROUND time; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033115
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=112148556&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - L'Ecuyer, Tristan S.
AU  - Beaudoing, H. K.
AU  - Rodell, M.
AU  - Olson, W.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Clayson, C. A.
AU  - Wood, E.
AU  - Sheffield, J.
AU  - Adler, R.
AU  - Huffman, G.
AU  - Bosilovich, M.
AU  - Gu, G.
AU  - Robertson, F.
AU  - Houser, P. R.
AU  - Chambers, D.
AU  - Famiglietti, J. S.
AU  - Fetzer, E.
AU  - Liu, W. T.
AU  - Gao, X.
T1  - The Observed State of the Energy Budget in the Early Twenty-First Century.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 28
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 8319
EP  - 8346
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - New objectively balanced observation-based reconstructions of global and continental energy budgets and their seasonal variability are presented that span the golden decade of Earth-observing satellites at the start of the twenty-first century. In the absence of balance constraints, various combinations of modern flux datasets reveal that current estimates of net radiation into Earth's surface exceed corresponding turbulent heat fluxes by 13-24 W m−2. The largest imbalances occur over oceanic regions where the component algorithms operate independent of closure constraints. Recent uncertainty assessments suggest that these imbalances fall within anticipated error bounds for each dataset, but the systematic nature of required adjustments across different regions confirm the existence of biases in the component fluxes. To reintroduce energy and water cycle closure information lost in the development of independent flux datasets, a variational method is introduced that explicitly accounts for the relative accuracies in all component fluxes. Applying the technique to a 10-yr record of satellite observations yields new energy budget estimates that simultaneously satisfy all energy and water cycle balance constraints. Globally, 180 W m−2 of atmospheric longwave cooling is balanced by 74 W m−2 of shortwave absorption and 106 W m−2 of latent and sensible heat release. At the surface, 106 W m−2 of downwelling radiation is balanced by turbulent heat transfer to within a residual heat flux into the oceans of 0.45 W m−2, consistent with recent observations of changes in ocean heat content. Annual mean energy budgets and their seasonal cycles for each of seven continents and nine ocean basins are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Energy budget (Geophysics)
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Bioenergetics
KW  - Big data
KW  - Enthalpy
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Energy budget/balance
KW  - Heat budgets/fluxes
KW  - Radiative fluxes
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Surface fluxes
N1  - Accession Number: 110643291; L'Ecuyer, Tristan S. 1; Beaudoing, H. K. 2,3; Rodell, M. 2; Olson, W. 4; Lin, B. 5; Kato, S. 5; Clayson, C. A. 6; Wood, E. 7; Sheffield, J. 7; Adler, R. 3; Huffman, G. 2; Bosilovich, M. 2; Gu, G. 2; Robertson, F. 8; Houser, P. R. 9; Chambers, D. 10; Famiglietti, J. S. 11; Fetzer, E. 11; Liu, W. T. 11; Gao, X. 12; Affiliations: 1: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 3: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology/University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Norfolk, Virginia; 6: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts; 7: Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey; 8: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; 9: George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia; 10: University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida; 11: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California; 12: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 28 Issue 21, p8319; Thesaurus Term: Energy budget (Geophysics); Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Thesaurus Term: Bioenergetics; Subject Term: Big data; Subject Term: Enthalpy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy budget/balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat budgets/fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface fluxes; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00556.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110643291&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thenkabail, Prasad S.
AU  - Knox, Jerry W.
AU  - Ozdogan, Mutlu
AU  - Krishna Gumma, Murali
AU  - Congalton, Russell G.
AU  - Zhuoting Wu
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Finkral, Alex
AU  - Marshall, Mike
AU  - Mariotto, Isabella
AU  - Songcai You
AU  - Giri, Chandra
AU  - Nagler, Pamela
T1  - ASSESSING FUTURE RISKS TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, WATER RESOURCES AND FOOD SECURITY: HOW CAN REMOTE SENSING HELP?
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 81
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 773
EP  - 782
SN  - 00991112
AB  - The article focuses on the role of remote sensing in assessing future risks to agricultural productivity. Topics mentioned include major food security challenge facing the world despite rising global food production, climate as a primary determinant of agricultural productivity, and importance of remote sensing in supporting data collection and policy formulation.
KW  - Agricultural productivity
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Food production
KW  - Food security
KW  - Data collection platforms
N1  - Accession Number: 110738956; Thenkabail, Prasad S. 1; Email Address: pthenkabail@usgs.gov; Knox, Jerry W. 2; Ozdogan, Mutlu 3; Krishna Gumma, Murali 4; Congalton, Russell G. 5; Zhuoting Wu 6; Milesi, Cristina 7; Finkral, Alex 8; Marshall, Mike 1; Mariotto, Isabella 1,9; Songcai You 10; Giri, Chandra 1; Nagler, Pamela 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey; 2: Cranfield University, Cranfield Water Science Institute, Bedford, UK; 3: University of Wisconsin; 4: International Rice Research Institute; 5: University of New Hampshire; 6: U.S. Geological Survey and Northern Arizona University; 7: California State University Monterey Bay/National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 8: Forestland Group; 9: University of Arizona; 10: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 81 Issue 11, p773; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural productivity; Thesaurus Term: Risk assessment; Thesaurus Term: Food production; Subject Term: Food security; Subject Term: Data collection platforms; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, D.W.G.
AU  - Tornabene, L.L.
AU  - Osinski, G.R.
AU  - Hughes, S.S.
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
T1  - Formation of the “ponds” on asteroid (433) Eros by fluidization.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 117
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 118
SN  - 00320633
AB  - The “ponds” on asteroid (433) Eros are fine-grained deposits approximating flat (quasi-equipotential) surfaces with respect to local topographic depressions (e.g., craters) in spacecraft images. These ponds are discussed in the context of laboratory simulation experiments, crater-related ponded and pitted deposits observed on Mars and Vesta, terrestrial phreatic craters, and degassing features associated with eroded impact craters on Earth. While the details of formation of these features on Mars, Vesta and the Earth are thought to be different, they all include mechanisms that require the interactions between surface materials and volatiles (e.g., water vapor). Indeed, analogous features similar to the Eros ponds can be reproduced in the laboratory by the release of vapor (ice sublimation, water evaporation, or N 2 ) through an unconsolidated regolith (independent of regolith composition). Eros is widely thought to be dry, but the discovery of exogenic water on Vesta, and recent arguments that subsurface water might be present in the inner asteroid belt suggest that endogenic water might also be present and serve as a source of the gases produced in the ponds. The amount of water required is comparable to the amount of water observed in little-metamorphosed ordinary chondrites (a few wt%). The primary morphologic characteristics of the Eros ponds can be explained in this model. The heat source for degassing could have been solar heating following transfer from a main belt orbit to a near Earth orbit. Although other hypotheses (e.g., electrostatic levitation, seismic shaking, and comminution of boulders) can account for most of the features of the ponds, recent observations regarding the role of volatiles on planetary surfaces, our laboratory experiments, and fluidization deposits on active comets suggests that degassing is a reasonable hypothesis to be considered and further tested for explaining the Eros ponds, and similar features on other bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ponds
KW  - Fluidization
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Martian craters
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Orbit
KW  - Asteroid belt
KW  - Eros (Asteroid)
KW  - Craters
KW  - Eros
KW  - Phreatic craters
KW  - Vesta
N1  - Accession Number: 110409409; Sears, D.W.G. 1,2; Tornabene, L.L. 3; Osinski, G.R. 3,4; Hughes, S.S. 5; Heldmann, J.L. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Planetary Systems Branch (MS245-3), Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Earth Sciences and Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; 4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7; 5: Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 117, p106; Thesaurus Term: Ponds; Subject Term: Fluidization; Subject Term: Space vehicles; Subject Term: Martian craters; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Orbit; Subject Term: Asteroid belt; Subject Term: Eros (Asteroid); Author-Supplied Keyword: Craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eros; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phreatic craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vesta; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.05.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110409409&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klügel, Thomas
AU  - Höppner, Kathrin
AU  - Falk, Reinhard
AU  - Kühmstedt, Elke
AU  - Plötz, Christian
AU  - Reinhold, Andreas
AU  - Rülke, Axel
AU  - Wojdziak, Reiner
AU  - Balss, Ulrich
AU  - Diedrich, Erhard
AU  - Eineder, Michael
AU  - Henniger, Hennes
AU  - Metzig, Robert
AU  - Steigenberger, Peter
AU  - Gisinger, Christoph
AU  - Schuh, Harald
AU  - Böhm, Johannes
AU  - Ojha, Roopesh
AU  - Kadler, Matthias
AU  - Humbert, Angelika
T1  - Earth and space observation at the German Antarctic Receiving Station O’Higgins.
JO  - Polar Record
JF  - Polar Record
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 590
EP  - 610
SN  - 00322474
AB  - The German Antarctic Receiving Station (GARS) O’Higgins at the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula is a dual purpose facility for earth observation and has existed for more than 20 years. It serves as a satellite ground station for payload data downlink and telecommanding of remote sensing satellites as well as a geodetic observatory for global reference systems and global change. Both applications use the same 9 m diameter radio antenna. Major outcomes of this usage are summarised in this paper.The satellite ground station O’Higgins (OHG) is part of the global ground station network of the German Remote Sensing Data Centre (DFD) operated by the German Aerospace Centre (DLR). It was established in 1991 to provide remote sensing data downlink support within the missions of the European Remote Sensing Satellites ERS-1 and ERS-2. These missions provided valuable insights into the changes of the Antarctic ice shield. Especially after the failure of the on-board data recorder, OHG became an essential downlink station for ERS-2 real-time data transmission. Since 2010, OHG is manned during the entire year, specifically to support the TanDEM-X mission. OHG is a main dump station for payload data, monitoring and telecommanding of the German TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites.For space geodesy and astrometry the radio antenna O’Higgins significantly improves coverage over the southern hemisphere and plays an essential role within the global Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) network. In particular the determination of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and the sky coverage of the International Celestial Reference Frame (ICRF) benefit from the location at a high southern latitude. Further, the resolution of VLBI images of active galactic nuclei (AGN), cosmic radio sources defining the ICRF, improves significantly when O’Higgins is included in the network. The various geodetic instrumentation and the long time series at O’Higgins allow a reliable determination of crustal motions. VLBI station velocities, continuous GNSS measurements and campaign-wise absolute gravity measurements consistently document a vertical rate of about 5 mm/a. This crustal uplift is interpreted as an elastic rebound due to ice loss as a consequence of the ice shelf disintegration in the Prince Gustav Channel in the late 1990s.The outstanding location on the Antarctic continent and its year-around operation make GARS O’Higgins in future increasingly attractive for polar orbiting satellite missions and a vitally important station for the global VLBI network. Future plans call for the development of an observatory for environmentally relevant research. That means that the portfolio of the station will be expanded including the expansion of the infrastructure and the construction and operation of new scientific instruments suitable for long-term measurements and satellite ground truthing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Polar Record is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 110357547; Klügel, Thomas 1; Höppner, Kathrin 2; Falk, Reinhard 3; Kühmstedt, Elke 3; Plötz, Christian 3; Reinhold, Andreas 3; Rülke, Axel 3; Wojdziak, Reiner 3; Balss, Ulrich 2; Diedrich, Erhard 2; Eineder, Michael 2; Henniger, Hennes 2; Metzig, Robert 2; Steigenberger, Peter 2; Gisinger, Christoph 4; Schuh, Harald 5; Böhm, Johannes 6; Ojha, Roopesh 7; Kadler, Matthias 8; Humbert, Angelika 9; Affiliations: 1: Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany (kluegel@fs.wettzell.de); 2: German Aerospace Centre, Münchener Straße 20, 82234 Weßling, Germany; 3: Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy, Richard-Strauss-Allee 11, 60598 Frankfurt/Main, Germany; 4: Institut für Astronomische und Physikalische Geodäsie, Technische Universität München, 80290 München, Germany; 5: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; 6: Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstraße 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, U.S.A.; 8: Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany; 9: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p590; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0032247414000540
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alexandrov, Mikhail D.
AU  - Cairns, Brian
AU  - Wasilewski, Andrzej P.
AU  - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU  - McGill, Matthew J.
AU  - Yorks, John E.
AU  - Hlavka, Dennis L.
AU  - Platnick, Steven E.
AU  - Thomas Arnold, G.
AU  - van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan
AU  - Chowdhary, Jacek
AU  - Ottaviani, Matteo
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk D.
T1  - Liquid water cloud properties during the Polarimeter Definition Experiment (PODEX).
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 169
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 36
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present retrievals of water cloud properties from the measurements made by the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) during the Polarimeter Definition Experiment (PODEX) held between January 14 and February 6, 2013. The RSP was onboard the high-altitude NASA ER-2 aircraft based at NASA Dryden Aircraft Operation Facility in Palmdale, California. The retrieved cloud characteristics include cloud optical thickness, effective radius and variance of cloud droplet size distribution derived using a parameter-fitting technique, as well as the complete droplet size distribution function obtained by means of Rainbow Fourier Transform. Multi-modal size distributions are decomposed into several modes and the respective effective radii and variances are computed. The methodology used to produce the retrieval dataset is illustrated on the examples of a marine stratocumulus deck off California coast and stratus/fog over California's Central Valley. In the latter case the observed bimodal droplet size distributions were attributed to two-layer cloud structure. All retrieval data are available online from NASA GISS website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Polariscope
KW  - Thickness measurement
KW  - Fourier transforms
KW  - Electromagnetic wave scattering
KW  - Clouds and fog
KW  - Electromagnetic scattering
KW  - Mie theory
KW  - Optical particle characterization
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Rainbow
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 110323867; Alexandrov, Mikhail D. 1,2; Email Address: mda14@columbia.edu; Cairns, Brian 2; Wasilewski, Andrzej P. 2,3; Ackerman, Andrew S. 2; McGill, Matthew J. 4; Yorks, John E. 4,5; Hlavka, Dennis L. 4,5; Platnick, Steven E. 4; Thomas Arnold, G. 4,5; van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan 2,6; Chowdhary, Jacek 1,2; Ottaviani, Matteo 2,7; Knobelspiesse, Kirk D. 8; Affiliations: 1: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA; 3: Trinnovim, LLC, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; 6: Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA; 7: Department of Electrical Engineering/NOAA CREST, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 169, p20; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Polariscope; Subject Term: Thickness measurement; Subject Term: Fourier transforms; Subject Term: Electromagnetic wave scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and fog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mie theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical particle characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rainbow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kar, J.
AU  - Vaughan, M.A.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Omar, A.H.
AU  - Trepte, C.R.
AU  - Tackett, J.
AU  - Fairlie, T.D.
AU  - Kowch, R.
T1  - Detection of pollution outflow from Mexico City using CALIPSO lidar measurements.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 169
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 211
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present the evidence of regional scale outflow of particulate pollution from Mexico City using measurements from the space borne CALIPSO lidar. The vertically resolved results are presented for winter months when the large scale biomass burning from nearby areas is minimized, and the aerosol loading is dominated by anthropogenic outflow from the city. The particulate depolarization ratio in the outflowing plume has high values and reflects the influence of mixing of the urban pollution with the ubiquitous dust around the city. This is consistent with the results from previous field campaigns in the city and leads to polluted dust being the dominant aerosol subtype as identified by the CALIPSO algorithm. A first order estimate of the mass flux on two episodes using the aerosol extinction profiles from CALIPSO indicates outflow of several hundred tons per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Dust
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Mexico City (Mexico)
KW  - CALIPSO lidar measurements
KW  - Mexico City aerosol
KW  - Regional scale pollution outflow
N1  - Accession Number: 110323870; Kar, J. 1,2; Email Address: jayanta.kar@nasa.gov; Vaughan, M.A. 2; Liu, Z. 1,2; Omar, A.H. 2; Trepte, C.R. 2; Tackett, J. 1,2; Fairlie, T.D. 2; Kowch, R. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 169, p205; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Dust; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Subject: Mexico City (Mexico); Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO lidar measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mexico City aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional scale pollution outflow; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brosnan, Ian G.
T1  - An analysis of the relative success of applicants to the new STEM Presidential Management Fellowship and the NASA context.
JO  - Space Policy
JF  - Space Policy
J1  - Space Policy
PY  - 2015/11//
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 49
SN  - 02659646
AB  - In 2014, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management's Presidential Management Fellowship (PMF) Program initiated a pilot, PMF STEM, to bring recent graduates with advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields into federal service. The NASA Office of Human Capital was closely engaged, and the pilot was a welcome new avenue for STEM hiring. Here, I ask how the Finalists in this new STEM program fared relative to traditional PMF finalists. I find that the rates at which traditional PMF and PMF STEM Finalists in the Class of 2014 received their first appointment offers were significantly different (p = 0.0315), and PMF STEM Finalists were initially offered appointments at higher rates than the PMF Finalists. However, this advantage disappeared over time, possibly because the remaining PMF STEM Finalists were not a good fit to the available STEM opportunities. When the appointment period for the Class of 2014 closed, 58% of PMF STEM Finalists and 72% of PMF Finalists had received appointment offers. Although a smaller proportion of PMF STEM Finalists received offers in 2014, their offer rate was consistent with the long-term average. I briefly discuss the NASA context for these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Policy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. Office of Personnel Management
KW  - STEM education
KW  - EDUCATIONAL programs
KW  - HUMAN capital
N1  - Accession Number: 111488570; Source Information: Nov2015, Vol. 34, p47; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: UNITED States. Office of Personnel Management; Subject Term: STEM education; Subject Term: EDUCATIONAL programs; Subject Term: HUMAN capital; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 3p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1016/j.spacepol.2015.09.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arola, A.
AU  - Schuster, G. L.
AU  - Pitkänen, M. R. A.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Kokkola, H.
AU  - Lindfors, A. V.
AU  - Mielonen, T.
AU  - Raatikainen, T.
AU  - Romakkaniemi, S.
AU  - Tripathi, S. N.
AU  - Lihavainen, H.
T1  - Direct radiative effect by brown carbon over the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 12731
EP  - 12740
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The importance of light-absorbing organic aerosols, often called brown carbon (BrC), has become evident in recent years. However, there have been relatively few measurement-based estimates for the direct radiative effect of BrC so far. In earlier studies, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET)-measured aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) and absorption Angstrom exponent (AAE) were exploited. However, these two pieces of information are clearly not sufficient to separate properly carbonaceous aerosols from dust, while imaginary indices of refraction would contain more and better justified information for this purpose. This is first time that the direct radiative effect (DRE) of BrC is estimated by exploiting the AERONETretrieved imaginary indices. We estimated it for four sites in the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), Karachi, Lahore, Kanpur and Gandhi College. We found a distinct seasonality, which was generally similar among all the sites, but with slightly different strengths. The monthly warming effect up to 0.5Wm-2 takes place during the spring season. On the other hand, BrC results in an overall cooling effect in the winter season, which can reach levels close to -1Wm-2.We then estimated similarly also the DRE of black carbon and total aerosol, in order to assess the relative significance of the BrC radiative effect in the radiative effects of other components. Even though BrC impact seems minor in this context, we demonstrated that it is not insignificant. Moreover, we demonstrated that it is crucial to perform spectrally resolved radiative transfer calculations to obtain good estimates for the DRE of BrC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon compounds
KW  - Carbonaceous aerosols
KW  - Light absorption
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Gangetic Plain (India & Bangladesh)
N1  - Accession Number: 111400167; Arola, A. 1; Email Address: antti.arola@fmi.fi; Schuster, G. L. 2; Pitkänen, M. R. A. 1,3; Dubovik, O. 4; Kokkola, H. 1; Lindfors, A. V. 1; Mielonen, T. 1; Raatikainen, T. 5; Romakkaniemi, S. 5; Tripathi, S. N. 6,7; Lihavainen, H. 5; Affiliations: 1: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; 4: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille1/CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; 5: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; 6: Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; 7: Centre for Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 22, p12731; Thesaurus Term: Carbon compounds; Subject Term: Carbonaceous aerosols; Subject Term: Light absorption; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Gangetic Plain (India & Bangladesh); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-12731-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brock, C. A.
AU  - Wagner, N. L.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, P.
AU  - Day, D. A.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Gordon, T. D.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Lack, D. A.
AU  - Liao, J.
AU  - Markovic, M.
AU  - Middlebrook, A. M.
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Richardson, M. S.
AU  - Schwarz, J. P.
AU  - Welti, A.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
AU  - Murphy, D. M.
T1  - Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer - Part 2: Sensitivity of aerosol optical depth to relative humidity and aerosol parameters.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 31471
EP  - 31499
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made between May and September 2013. Regionally representative aggregate vertical profiles of median and interdecile ranges of the measured parameters were constructed from 37 individual aircraft profiles made in the afternoon when a well-mixed boundary layer with typical fair-weather cumulus was present (Wagner et al., 2015).We use these 0-4 km aggregate profiles and a simple model to calculate the sensitivity of aerosol optical depth (AOD) to changes in dry aerosol mass, relative humidity, mixed layer height, the central diameter and width of the particle size distribution, hygroscopicity, and dry and wet refractive index, while holding the other parameters constant. The calculated sensitivity is a result of both the intrinsic sensitivity and the observed range of variation of these parameters. These observationally based sensitivity studies indicate that the relationship between AOD and dry aerosol mass in these conditions in the southeastern US can be highly variable and is especially sensitive to relative humidity (RH). For example, calculated AOD ranged from 0.137 to 0.305 as the RH was varied between the 10th and 90th percentile profiles with dry aerosol mass held constant. Calculated AOD was somewhat less sensitive to aerosol hygroscopicity, mean size, and geometric standard deviation, σg. However, some chemistry-climate models prescribe values of σg substantially larger than we or others observe, leading to potential high biases in model-calculated AOD of ~ 25%. Finally, AOD was least sensitive to observed variations in dry and wet aerosol refractive index and to changes in the height of the well-mixed surface layer. We expect these findings to be applicable to other moderately polluted and background continental airmasses in which an accumulation mode between 0.1-0.5 μm diameter dominates aerosol extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Humidity
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Summer
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 111213940; Brock, C. A. 1; Email Address: charles.a.brock@noaa.gov; Wagner, N. L. 1,2; Anderson, B. E. 3; Beyersdorf, A. 3; Campuzano-Jost, P. 2,4; Day, D. A. 2,5; Diskin, G. S. 4; Gordon, T. D. 1,2; Jimenez, J. L. 2,4; Lack, D. A. 1,2,5; Liao, J. 1,2; Markovic, M. 1,6; Middlebrook, A. M. 1; Perring, A. E. 1,2; Richardson, M. S. 1,2; Schwarz, J. P. 1; Welti, A. 1,2,7; Ziemba, L. D. 3; Murphy, D. M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Australia; 6: Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 7: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Department of Physics, Leipzig, Germany; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 21, p31471; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: Summer; Subject Term: Meteorology; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-31471-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Müller, M.
AU  - Anderson, B.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Eichler, P.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Keutsch, F. N.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Walega, J. G.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Yang, M.
AU  - Yokelson, R.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
T1  - In situ measurements and modeling of reactive trace gases in a small biomass burning plume.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 31501
EP  - 31536
SN  - 16807367
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Proton transfer reactions
KW  - Time-of-flight mass spectrometers
KW  - Georgia
N1  - Accession Number: 111213941; Müller, M. 1,2; Anderson, B. 3; Beyersdorf, A. 3; Crawford, J. H. 3; Diskin, G. 3; Eichler, P. 1; Fried, A. 4; Keutsch, F. N. 5; Mikoviny, T. 6; Thornhill, K. L. 3,7; Walega, J. G. 4; Weinheimer, A. J. 8; Yang, M. 3; Yokelson, R. 2; Wisthaler, A. 1,6; Email Address: armin.wisthaler@uibk.ac.at; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 8: Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 21, p31501; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Subject Term: Proton transfer reactions; Subject Term: Time-of-flight mass spectrometers; Subject: Georgia; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-31501-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Sears, Derek W.G.
AU  - Coates, John D.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Brundrett, Maeghan
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Böhlke, J.K.
T1  - Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System.
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 430
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 476
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Perchlorate ( ClO 4 − ) and chlorate ( ClO 3 − ) are ubiquitous on Earth and ClO 4 − has also been found on Mars. These species can play important roles in geochemical processes such as oxidation of organic matter and as biological electron acceptors, and are also indicators of important photochemical reactions involving oxyanions; on Mars they could be relevant for human habitability both in terms of in situ resource utilization and potential human health effects. For the first time, we extracted, detected and quantified ClO 4 − and ClO 3 − in extraterrestrial, non-planetary samples: regolith and rock samples from the Moon, and two chondrite meteorites (Murchison and Fayetteville). Lunar samples were collected by astronauts during the Apollo program, and meteorite samples were recovered immediately after their fall. This fact, together with the heterogeneous distribution of ClO 4 − and ClO 3 − within some of the samples, and their relative abundance with respect to other soluble species (e.g., NO 3 − ) are consistent with an extraterrestrial origin of the oxychlorine species. Our results, combined with the previously reported widespread occurrence on Earth and Mars, indicate that ClO 4 − and ClO 3 − could be present throughout the Solar System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chlorates
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Electrophiles
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - chlorate
KW  - chondrite
KW  - Fayetteville
KW  - meteorite
KW  - Murchinson
KW  - perchlorate
N1  - Accession Number: 110007993; Jackson, W. Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.jackson@ttu.edu; Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3; Sears, Derek W.G. 3,4; Coates, John D. 5; McKay, Christopher P. 3; Brundrett, Maeghan 1; Estrada, Nubia 1; Böhlke, J.K. 6; Affiliations: 1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA; 2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 5: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA; Issue Info: Nov2015, Vol. 430, p470; Subject Term: Chlorates; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Electrophiles; Subject Term: Meteorites; Subject Term: Chondrites (Meteorites); Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorate; Author-Supplied Keyword: chondrite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fayetteville; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Murchinson; Author-Supplied Keyword: perchlorate; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=110007993&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Kahnert, M.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Cook, A. L.
AU  - Harper, D. B.
AU  - Berkoff, T. A.
AU  - Seaman, S. T.
AU  - Collins, J. E.
AU  - Fenn, M. A.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
T1  - Observations of the spectral dependence of linear particle depolarization ratio of aerosols using NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 15
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 13453
EP  - 13473
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Linear particle depolarization ratio is presented for three case studies from the NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar-2 (HSRL-2). Particle depolarization ratio from lidar is an indicator of non-spherical particles and is sensitive to the fraction of non-spherical particles and their size. The HSRL-2 instrument measures depolarization at three wavelengths: 355, 532, and 1064 nm. The three measurement cases presented here include two cases of dust-dominated aerosol and one case of smoke aerosol. These cases have partial analogs in earlier HSRL-1 depolarization measurements at 532 and 1064 nm and in literature, but the availability of three wavelengths gives additional insight into different scenarios for non-spherical particles in the atmosphere. A case of transported Saharan dust has a spectral dependence with a peak of 0.30 at 532 nm with smaller particle depolarization ratios of 0.27 and 0.25 at 1064 and 355 nm, respectively. A case of aerosol containing locally generated wind-blown North American dust has a maximum of 0.38 at 1064 nm, decreasing to 0.37 and 0.24 at 532 and 355 nm, respectively. The cause of the maximum at 1064 nm is inferred to be very large particles that have not settled out of the dust layer. The smoke layer has the opposite spectral dependence, with the peak of 0.24 at 355 nm, decreasing to 0.09 and 0.02 at 532 and 1064 nm, respectively. The depolarization in the smoke case may be explained by the presence of coated soot aggregates. We note that in these specific case studies, the linear particle depolarization ratio for smoke and dust-dominated aerosol are more similar at 355 nm than at 532 nm, having possible implications for using the particle depolarization ratio at a single wavelength for aerosol typing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Spectrum analysis
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 111829988; Burton, S. P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov; Hair, J. W. 1; Kahnert, M. 2,3; Ferrare, R. A. 1; Hostetler, C. A. 1; Cook, A. L. 1; Harper, D. B. 1; Berkoff, T. A. 1; Seaman, S. T. 1,4; Collins, J. E. 1,5; Fenn, M. A. 1,5; Rogers, R. R. 1,6; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 2: Research Department, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Folkborgsvägen 17, 60176 Norrköping, Sweden; 3: Department of Earth and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden; 4: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., One Enterprise Pkwy, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 6: Lord Fairfax Community College, Middletown, VA 22645, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 23, p13453; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Spectrum analysis; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics) ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-15-13453-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=111829988&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wegner, T.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Tritscher, I.
AU  - Grooβ, J. -U.
AU  - Nakajima, H.
T1  - Vortex-wide chlorine activation by a mesoscale PSC event in the Arctic winter of 2009/10.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 15
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 33731
EP  - 33754
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - In the Arctic polar vortex of the 2009/10 winter temperatures were low enough to allow widespread formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC). These clouds occurred during the initial chlorine activation phase which provided the opportunity to investigate the impact of PSCs on chlorine activation. Satellite observations of gas-phase species and PSCs are used in combination with trajectory modeling to assess this initial activation. The initial activation occurred in association with the formation of PSCs over the east coast of Greenland at the beginning of January 2010. Although this area of PSCs covered only a small portion of the vortex, it was responsible for almost the entire initial activation of chlorine vortex wide. Observations show HCl mixing ratios decreased rapidly in and downstream of this region. Trajectory calculations and simplified heterogeneous chemistry modeling confirmed that the initial chlorine activation continued until ClONO2 was completely depleted and the activated air masses were advected throughout the polar vortex. For the calculation of heterogeneous reaction rates, surface area density is estimated from backscatter observations. Modeled heterogeneous reaction rates along trajectories intersecting with the PSC indicate that the initial phase of chlorine activation occurred in just a few hours. These calculations also indicate that chlorine activation on the binary background aerosol is significantly slower than on the PSCs and the observed chlorine activation can only be explained by an increase in surface area density due to PSCs. Furthermore, there is a strong correlation between the magnitude of the observed HCl depletion and PSC surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Chlorine -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 111400235; Wegner, T. 1; Email Address: tobias.wegner@nasa.gov; Pitts, M. C. 1; Poole, L. R. 2; Tritscher, I. 3; Grooβ, J. -U. 3; Nakajima, H. 4; Affiliations: 1: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch - Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: Institute for Energy and Climate Research IEK-7, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany; 4: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 22, p33731; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Subject Term: Chlorine -- Environmental aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-33731-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=111400235&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl
AU  - Chanton, Jeffrey
AU  - Bebout, Brad
T1  - Rates and pathways of methanogenesis in hypersaline environments as determined by C-labeling.
JO  - Biogeochemistry
JF  - Biogeochemistry
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 126
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 341
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01682563
AB  - Rates and pathways of methane production were determined from photosynthetic soft microbial mats and gypsum-encrusted endoevaporites collected in hypersaline environments from California, Mexico and Chile, as well as an organic-rich mud from a pond in the El Tatio volcanic fields, Chile. Samples (mud, soft mats and endoevaporites) were incubated anaerobically with deoxygenated site water, and the increase in methane concentration through time in the headspaces of the incubation vials was used to determine methane production rates. To ascertain the substrates used by the methanogens, C-labeled methylamines, methanol, dimethylsulfide, acetate or bicarbonate were added to the incubations (one substrate per vial) and the stable isotopic composition of the resulting methane was measured. The vials amended with C-labeled methylamines produced the most C-enriched methane, generally followed by the C-labeled methanol-amended vials. The stable isotope data and the methane production rates were used to determine first order rate constants for each of the substrates at each of the sites. Estimates of individual substrate use revealed that the methylamines produced 55-92 % of the methane generated, while methanol was responsible for another 8-40 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeochemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Methane
KW  - Salinity -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Microbial mats
KW  - Carbon isotopes
KW  - Gypsum
KW  - Deoxygenation (Chemistry)
KW  - C-labeling
KW  - Hypersaline environments
KW  - Stable carbon isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 111728933; Kelley, Cheryl 1; Email Address: kelleyc@missouri.edu; Chanton, Jeffrey 2; Bebout, Brad 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211 USA; 2: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306 USA; 3: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Dec2015, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p329; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Salinity -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Microbial mats; Subject Term: Carbon isotopes; Subject Term: Gypsum; Subject Term: Deoxygenation (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: C-labeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersaline environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stable carbon isotopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212395 Gypsum mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10533-015-0161-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=111728933&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McElroy, M.
AU  - Leone, F.
AU  - Ratcliffe, J.
AU  - Czabaj, M.
AU  - Yuan, F.G.
T1  - Simulation of delamination–migration and core crushing in a CFRP sandwich structure.
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 79
M3  - Article
SP  - 192
EP  - 202
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Following the onset of damage caused by an impact load on a composite laminate structure, delaminations often form propagating outwards from the point of impact and in some cases can migrate via matrix cracks between plies as they grow. The goal of the present study is to develop an accurate finite element modeling technique for simulation of the delamination–migration phenomena in laminate impact damage processes. An experiment was devised where, under a quasi-static indentation load, an embedded delamination in the facesheet of a laminate sandwich specimen migrates via a transverse matrix crack and then continues to grow on a new ply interface. Using data from this test for validation purposes, several finite element damage simulation methods were investigated. Comparing the experimental results with those of the different models reveals certain modeling features that are important to include in a numerical simulation of delamination–migration and some that may be neglected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - A. Honeycomb
KW  - A. Laminates
KW  - B. Delamination
KW  - C. Damage mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 110428802; McElroy, M. 1,2; Email Address: mark.w.mcelroy@nasa.gov; Leone, F. 3; Ratcliffe, J. 1; Czabaj, M. 4; Yuan, F.G. 2; Affiliations: 1: Durability, Damage Tolerance, and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA; 3: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Issue Info: Dec2015, Vol. 79, p192; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Honeycomb; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Damage mechanics; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2015.08.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=110428802&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hypovolemic men and women regulate blood pressure differently following exposure to artificial gravity.
AU  - Evans, Joyce
AU  - Ribeiro, L.
AU  - Moore, Fritz
AU  - Wang, Siqi
AU  - Zhang, Qingguang
AU  - Kostas, Vladimir
AU  - Ferguson, Connor
AU  - Serrador, Jorge
AU  - Falvo, Michael
AU  - Stenger, Michael
AU  - Goswami, Nandu
AU  - Rask, Jon
AU  - Smith, Jeffrey
AU  - Knapp, Charles
AU  - Evans, Joyce M
AU  - Ribeiro, L Christine
AU  - Moore, Fritz B
AU  - Ferguson, Connor R
AU  - Stenger, Michael B
AU  - Rask, Jon C
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 115
IS  - 12
SP  - 2631
EP  - 2640
SN  - 14396319
N1  - Accession Number: 110755422; Author: Evans, Joyce: 1 email: jevans1@uky.edu. Author: Ribeiro, L.: 2 Author: Moore, Fritz: 3 Author: Wang, Siqi: 1 Author: Zhang, Qingguang: 1 Author: Kostas, Vladimir: 1 Author: Ferguson, Connor: 1 Author: Serrador, Jorge: 4 Author: Falvo, Michael: 4 Author: Stenger, Michael: 2 Author: Goswami, Nandu: 5 Author: Rask, Jon: 3 Author: Smith, Jeffrey: 3 Author: Knapp, Charles: 1 Author: Evans, Joyce M: 6 Author: Ribeiro, L Christine: 7 Author: Moore, Fritz B: 8 Author: Ferguson, Connor R: 6 Author: Stenger, Michael B: 7 Author: Rask, Jon C: 8 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514G, Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue Lexington 40506 USA: 2 Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston USA: 3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA: 4 Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange USA: 5 Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria: 6 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514G, Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA: 7 Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, USA: 8 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; No. of Pages: 10; Language: English; Publication Type: journal article; Update Code: 20151106
N2  - <bold>Purpose: </bold>In addition to serious bone, vestibular, and muscle deterioration, space flight leads to cardiovascular dysfunction upon return to gravity. In seeking a countermeasure to space flight-induced orthostatic intolerance, we previously determined that exposure to artificial gravity (AG) training in a centrifuge improved orthostatic tolerance of ambulatory subjects. This protocol was more effective in men than women and more effective when subjects exercised.<bold>Methods: </bold>We now determine the orthostatic tolerance limit (OTL) of cardiovascularly deconditioned (furosemide) men and women on one day following 90 min of AG compared to a control day (90 min of head-down bed rest, HDBR).<bold>Results: </bold>There were three major findings: a short bout of artificial gravity improved orthostatic tolerance of hypovolemic men (30 %) and women (22 %). Men and women demonstrated different mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation on AG and HDBR days; women maintained systolic blood pressure the same after HDBR and AG exposure while men's systolic pressure dropped (11 ± 2.9 mmHg) after AG. Third, as presyncopal symptoms developed, men's and women's cardiac output and stroke volume dropped to the same level on both days, even though the OTL test lasted significantly longer on the AG day, indicating cardiac filling as a likely variable to trigger presyncope.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>(1) Even with gender differences, AG should be considered as a space flight countermeasure to be applied to astronauts before reentry into gravity, (2) men and women regulate blood pressure during an orthostatic stress differently following exposure to artificial gravity and (3) the trigger for presyncope may be cardiac filling. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *BLOOD pressure
KW  - *CARDIOVASCULAR diseases
KW  - HYPOVOLEMIC anemia
KW  - REGULATION
KW  - SEX differences (Biology)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - Cardiac output
KW  - Cardiovascular deconditioning
KW  - Centrifugation
KW  - Heart rate
KW  - Orthostatic tolerance
KW  - Stroke volume
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=110755422&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 110755422
T1  - Hypovolemic men and women regulate blood pressure differently following exposure to artificial gravity.
AU  - Evans, Joyce
AU  - Ribeiro, L.
AU  - Moore, Fritz
AU  - Wang, Siqi
AU  - Zhang, Qingguang
AU  - Kostas, Vladimir
AU  - Ferguson, Connor
AU  - Serrador, Jorge
AU  - Falvo, Michael
AU  - Stenger, Michael
AU  - Goswami, Nandu
AU  - Rask, Jon
AU  - Smith, Jeffrey
AU  - Knapp, Charles
AU  - Evans, Joyce M
AU  - Ribeiro, L Christine
AU  - Moore, Fritz B
AU  - Ferguson, Connor R
AU  - Stenger, Michael B
AU  - Rask, Jon C
Y1  - 2015/12//
N1  - Accession Number: 110755422. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160821. Revision Date: 20161130. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe. Instrumentation: Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) (Pfeiffer); Defining Issues Test (DIT) (Rest). NLM UID: 100954790. 
KW  - Weightlessness -- Adverse Effects
KW  - Blood Pressure
KW  - Blood Volume
KW  - Orthostatic Intolerance -- Physiopathology
KW  - Female
KW  - Male
KW  - Sex Factors
KW  - Orthostatic Intolerance -- Etiology
KW  - Adult
KW  - Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire
SP  - 2631
EP  - 2640
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JA  - EUR J APPL PHYSIOL
VL  - 115
IS  - 12
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
AB  - Purpose: In addition to serious bone, vestibular, and muscle deterioration, space flight leads to cardiovascular dysfunction upon return to gravity. In seeking a countermeasure to space flight-induced orthostatic intolerance, we previously determined that exposure to artificial gravity (AG) training in a centrifuge improved orthostatic tolerance of ambulatory subjects. This protocol was more effective in men than women and more effective when subjects exercised.Methods: We now determine the orthostatic tolerance limit (OTL) of cardiovascularly deconditioned (furosemide) men and women on one day following 90 min of AG compared to a control day (90 min of head-down bed rest, HDBR).Results: There were three major findings: a short bout of artificial gravity improved orthostatic tolerance of hypovolemic men (30 %) and women (22 %). Men and women demonstrated different mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation on AG and HDBR days; women maintained systolic blood pressure the same after HDBR and AG exposure while men's systolic pressure dropped (11 ± 2.9 mmHg) after AG. Third, as presyncopal symptoms developed, men's and women's cardiac output and stroke volume dropped to the same level on both days, even though the OTL test lasted significantly longer on the AG day, indicating cardiac filling as a likely variable to trigger presyncope.Conclusions: (1) Even with gender differences, AG should be considered as a space flight countermeasure to be applied to astronauts before reentry into gravity, (2) men and women regulate blood pressure during an orthostatic stress differently following exposure to artificial gravity and (3) the trigger for presyncope may be cardiac filling.
SN  - 1439-6319
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514G, Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue Lexington 40506 USA
AD  - Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston USA
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA
AD  - Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange USA
AD  - Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria
AD  - Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514G, Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
AD  - Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, USA
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA
U2  - PMID: 26438067.
DO  - 10.1007/s00421-015-3261-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=110755422&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Host, Nicholas K.
AU  - Chen, Chi-Chih
AU  - Volakis, John L.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
T1  - Ku-Band Traveling Wave Slot Array Scanned Via Positioning a Dielectric Plunger.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
PY  - 2015/12//
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 63
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 5475
EP  - 5483
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - This paper introduces a feeding concept aimed at eliminating the backend (phase shifters) of traditional phased arrays. A goal is to make phased arrays simpler and less costly for satellite communications. Accordingly, we employ a traveling wave array (TWA) using a single feedline whose propagation constant is controlled via a single, small, and mechanical movement of a dielectric plunger to enable scanning. The dielectric plunger is positioned within a parallel plate waveguide (PPW) transmission line (TL) that feeds the TWA. By adjusting the position of the dielectric plunger within the TL, the feedline achieves a propagation constant range of \text1\leq keff/k\text{0}\leq\text{2.1}, corresponding to scan angles of -\text32.6^\circ\leq\theta\leq\text34.2^\circ with an element spacing of d=\text0.65\lambda\text{0}. That is, beam steering is achieved using a single feed and a simple linear mechanical movement (for any size array) without using phase shifters. A 20-element array was designed for stable realized gain across -\text25^\circ\leq\theta\leq\text25^\circ beam steering. Additionally, a proof of concept array was fabricated and measured. The simulated copolarized realized gain closely matches the fabricated TWA patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNA arrays -- Research
KW  - WAVEGUIDES -- Research
KW  - THEORY of wave motion -- Research
KW  - DIELECTRICS -- Research
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 111308982; Source Information: Dec2015, Vol. 63 Issue 12, p5475; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays -- Research; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES -- Research; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion -- Research; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS -- Research; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2015.2487512
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shuler, Robert L.
T1  - Porting and Scaling Strategies for Nanoscale CMOS RHBD.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers
PY  - 2015/12//
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 62
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2856
EP  - 2863
SN  - 15498328
AB  - Techniques are described for minimizing the number of cells in a digital logic library, scaling and porting the cells to process nodes that do not nominally support scaling, and increasing the separation of critical node pairs without unduly disrupting the design process. A new compact modular 10T compact continuously-voting latch cell reduces circuitry to conventional latch sizes, at less power, allowing modular redundancy to approach theoretical efficiency limits. The result is allows investment in low volume designs, such as but not limited to radiation hardened by design (RHBD) applications for mission critical components, to provide returns over decades-long time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - RADIATION hardening (Electronics)
KW  - LOGIC circuits
KW  - CMOS integrated circuits
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 111501377; Source Information: Dec2015, Vol. 62 Issue 12, p2856; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: RADIATION hardening (Electronics); Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Subject Term: CMOS integrated circuits; Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TCSI.2015.2495779
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, Yi-Hua
AU  - Wachter, James
AU  - Rufenacht, Alain
AU  - FitzPatrick, Gerald J.
AU  - Benz, Samuel P.
T1  - Application of a 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard in Direct Comparison With Conventional Josephson Voltage Standards.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
PY  - 2015/12//
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 64
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3458
EP  - 3466
SN  - 00189456
AB  - This paper briefly describes the working principle of the 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and how to use it in a direct comparison with a conventional Josephson voltage standard (CJVS). Manual and automatic comparison methods were developed to verify the agreement between the two types of Josephson standards. A 10 V PJVS provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was used as a transfer standard in the 2014 Josephson voltage standard Interlaboratory Comparison that is organized by the National Conference of Standards Laboratories International. The results of automatic direct comparisons between a NASA PJVS and three CJVSs are reported. Allan variance is applied to analyze the large number of correlated data for Type A uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JOSEPHSON effect
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTORS
KW  - JOSEPHSON junctions
KW  - NATIONAL Institute of Standards & Technology (U.S.)
KW  - MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 110859384; Source Information: Dec2015, Vol. 64 Issue 12, p3458; Subject Term: JOSEPHSON effect; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTORS; Subject Term: JOSEPHSON junctions; Subject Term: NATIONAL Institute of Standards & Technology (U.S.); Subject Term: MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics); Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2015.2463392
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shivakumar, Kunigal N.
AU  - Panduranga, Raghu
AU  - Skujins, John
AU  - Miller, Sandi
T1  - Assessment of mode-II fracture tests for unidirectional fiber reinforced composite laminates.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 1905
EP  - 1925
AB  - Three basic mode-II test methods (ENF, JIS, and ASTM D7905M-14) are assessed using the material system AS4/8552 carbon/epoxy unidirectional composite laminate to understand similarities and differences. The modified JIS method uses a PTFE film coated stainless steel rod instead of the PTFE strip that was proposed in JIS. The ASTM D7905M-14 test method determines FEP film crack front (NPC) and shear precrack front (PC) fracture toughnesses. Alternately, wedge precracked specimens were also tested to assess the shear versus opening mode precracking on mode-II fracture toughness. The analysis and test results revealed that the JIS method is a mixed-mode I-II test and result in lower value of mode-II fracture toughness. The GI loading is about 51 J/m2 for the material tested and GIIc measured by JIS is always less than pure mode-II fracture toughness. The GIIc measured from the ASTM D7905M-14 NPC and the ENF tests are almost identical, but the ASTM test offers a compliance equation that may be beneficial in fatigue crack growth studies. As suggested in ASTM standard, shear precracked specimen is appropriate to measure mode-II fracture toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - FRACTURE toughness
KW  - FATIGUE crack growth
KW  - SHEARING force
KW  - contact finite element analysis
KW  - fracture toughness
KW  - Mode-II test methods
KW  - shear precracking
KW  - wedge precracking
N1  - Accession Number: 110542056; Shivakumar, Kunigal N. 1; Email Address: kunigal@ncat.edu; Panduranga, Raghu 1; Skujins, John 1; Miller, Sandi 2; Source Information: Dec2015, Vol. 34 Issue 23, p1905; Subject: FIBROUS composites; Subject: LAMINATED materials; Subject: FRACTURE toughness; Subject: FATIGUE crack growth; Subject: SHEARING force; Author-Supplied Keyword: contact finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mode-II test methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: shear precracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: wedge precracking; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7706
L3  - 10.1177/0731684415602335
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Astronaut-Athlete: Optimizing Human Performance in Space.
AU  - Hackney, Kyle J.
AU  - Scott, Jessica M.
AU  - Hanson, Andrea M.
AU  - English, Kirk L.
AU  - Downs, Meghan E.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L.
JO  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JF  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 29
IS  - 12
SP  - 3531
EP  - 3545
SN  - 10648011
N1  - Accession Number: 111485346; Author: Hackney, Kyle J.: 1 email: kyle.hackney@ndsu.edu. Author: Scott, Jessica M.: 2 Author: Hanson, Andrea M.: 3 Author: English, Kirk L.: 4 Author: Downs, Meghan E.: 5 Author: Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L.: 2 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota: 2 Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas: 3 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, Houston, Texas: 4 Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, JES Tech, Houston, Texas: 5 Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas; No. of Pages: 15; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20151210
N2  - Hackney, KJ, Scott, JM, Hanson, AM, English, KL, Downs, ME, and Ploutz-Snyder, LL. The astronaut-athlete: optimizing human performance in space. J Strength Cond Res 29(12): 3531-3545, 2015-It is well known that long-duration spaceflight results in deconditioning of neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, leading to a decline in physical fitness. On reloading in gravitational environments, reduced fitness (e.g., aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and endurance) could impair human performance, mission success, and crew safety. The level of fitness necessary for the performance of routine and off-nominal terrestrial mission tasks remains an unanswered and pressing question for scientists and flight physicians. To mitigate fitness loss during spaceflight, resistance and aerobic exercise are the most effective countermeasure available to astronauts. Currently, 2.5 h·d, 6-7 d·wk is allotted in crew schedules for exercise to be performed on highly specialized hardware on the International Space Station (ISS). Exercise hardware provides up to 273 kg of loading capability for resistance exercise, treadmill speeds between 0.44 and 5.5 m·s, and cycle workloads from 0 and 350 W. Compared to ISS missions, future missions beyond low earth orbit will likely be accomplished with less vehicle volume and power allocated for exercise hardware. Concomitant factors, such as diet and age, will also affect the physiologic responses to exercise training (e.g., anabolic resistance) in the space environment. Research into the potential optimization of exercise countermeasures through use of dietary supplementation, and pharmaceuticals may assist in reducing physiological deconditioning during long-duration spaceflight and have the potential to enhance performance of occupationally related astronaut tasks (e.g., extravehicular activity, habitat construction, equipment repairs, planetary exploration, and emergency response). ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - aging
KW  - dietary supplementation
KW  - exercise countermeasures
KW  - pharmaceuticals
KW  - spaceflight
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 111485346
T1  - The Astronaut-Athlete: Optimizing Human Performance in Space.
AU  - Hackney, Kyle J.
AU  - Scott, Jessica M.
AU  - Hanson, Andrea M.
AU  - English, Kirk L.
AU  - Downs, Meghan E.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L.
Y1  - 2015/12//
N1  - Accession Number: 111485346. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20151211. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Double Blind Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9415084. 
SP  - 3531
EP  - 3545
JO  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JF  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JA  - J STRENGTH CONDITION RES (LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS WILKINS)
VL  - 29
IS  - 12
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 1064-8011
AD  - Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
AD  - Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, Houston, Texas
AD  - Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, JES Tech, Houston, Texas
AD  - Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zubko, Evgenij
AU  - Videen, Gorden
AU  - Hines, Dean C.
AU  - Shkuratov, Yuriy
AU  - Kaydash, Vadym
AU  - Muinonen, Karri
AU  - Knight, Matthew M.
AU  - Sitko, Michael L.
AU  - Lisse, Carey M.
AU  - Mutchler, Max
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
AU  - Li, Jian-Yang
AU  - Kobayashi, Hiroshi
T1  - Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) coma composition at ~4 au from HST observations.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 138
EP  - 163
SN  - 00320633
AB  - We analyze the first color and polarization images of Comet ISON (C/2012 S1) taken during two measurement campaigns of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on UTC 2013 April 10 and May 8, when the phase angles of Comet ISON were α ≈13.7° and 12.2°, respectively. We model the particles in the coma using highly irregular agglomerated debris particles. Even though the observations were made over a small range of phase angle, the data still place significant constraints on the material properties of the cometary coma. The different photo-polarimetric responses are indicative of spatial chemical heterogeneity of coma in Comet ISON. For instance, at small projected distances to the nucleus (<500 km), our modeling suggests the cometary particles are composed predominantly of small, highly absorbing particles, such as amorphous carbon and/or organics material heavily irradiated with UV radiation; whereas, at longer projected distances (>1000 km), the refractive index of the particles is consistent with organic matter slightly processed with UV radiation, tholins, Mg−Fe silicates, and/or Mg-rich silicates contaminated with ~10% (by volume) amorphous carbon. The modeling suggests low relative abundances of particles with low material absorption in the visible, i.e., Im( m )≤0.02. Such particles were detected unambiguously in other comets in the vicinity of nucleus through very strong negative polarization near backscattering ( P ≈−6%) and very low positive polarization ( P ≈3–5%) at side scattering. These materials were previously attributed to Mg-rich silicates forming a refractory surface layer on the surface of cometary nuclei ( Zubko et al., 2012 ). The absence of such particles in Comet ISON could imply an absence of such a layer on its nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Small bodies (Astronomy)
KW  - Polarization (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Observation (Scientific method)
KW  - Polarimetry
KW  - ISON comet
N1  - Accession Number: 111487785; Zubko, Evgenij 1; Email Address: evgenij.s.zubko@gmail.com; Videen, Gorden 2,3,4,5; Hines, Dean C. 2,6; Shkuratov, Yuriy 1; Kaydash, Vadym 1; Muinonen, Karri 7,8; Knight, Matthew M. 9,10; Sitko, Michael L. 2,11; Lisse, Carey M. 10; Mutchler, Max 5; Wooden, Diane H. 12; Li, Jian-Yang 13; Kobayashi, Hiroshi 14; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Astronomy, V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, 35 Sumskaya St., Kharkov 61022, Ukraine; 2: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; 3: Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aerospacial (INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; 4: Grupo de Óptica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Cantabria, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain; 5: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA; 6: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; 7: Department of Physics,University of Helsinki, PO. Box 64, FI-00014, Finland; 8: Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, PO. Box 15, FI-02431 Masala, Finland; 9: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 10: Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 11: University of Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; 12: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA; 13: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; 14: Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Issue Info: Dec2015, Vol. 118, p138; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Subject Term: Small bodies (Astronomy); Subject Term: Polarization (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: Observation (Scientific method); Subject Term: Polarimetry; Subject Term: ISON comet; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.08.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wulder, Michael A.
AU  - Hilker, Thomas
AU  - White, Joanne C.
AU  - Coops, Nicholas C.
AU  - Masek, Jeffrey G.
AU  - Pflugmacher, Dirk
AU  - Crevier, Yves
T1  - Virtual constellations for global terrestrial monitoring.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 170
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 76
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Free and open access to satellite imagery and value-added data products have revolutionized the role of remote sensing in Earth system science. Nonetheless, rapid changes in the global environment pose challenges to the science community that are increasingly difficult to address using data from single satellite sensors or platforms due to the underlying limitations of data availability and tradeoffs that govern the design and implementation of currently existing sensors. Virtual constellations of planned and existing satellite sensors may help to overcome this limitation by combining existing observations to mitigate limitations of any one particular sensor. While multi-sensor applications are not new, the integration and harmonization of multi-sensor data is still challenging, requiring tremendous efforts of science and operational user communities. Defined by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) as a “set of space and ground segment capabilities that operate in a coordinated manner to meet a combined and common set of Earth Observation requirements”, virtual constellations can principally be used to combine sensors with similar spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric characteristics. We extend this definition to also include sensors that are principally incompatible, because they are fundamentally different (for instance active versus passive remote sensing systems), but their combination is necessary and beneficial to achieve a specific monitoring goal. In this case, constellations are more likely to build upon the complementarity of resultant information products from these incompatible sensors rather than the raw physical measurements. In this communication, we explore the potential and possible limitations to be overcome regarding virtual constellations for terrestrial science applications, discuss potentials and limitations of various candidate sensors, and provide context on integration of sensors. Thematically, we focus on land-cover and land-use change (LCLUC), with emphasis given to medium spatial resolution ( i.e. , pixels sided 10 to 100 m) sensors, specifically as a complement to those onboard the Landsat series of satellites. We conclude that virtual constellations have the potential to notably improve observation capacity and thereby Earth science and monitoring programs in general. Various national and international parties have made notable and valuable progress related to virtual constellations. There is, however, inertia inherent to Earth observation programs, largely related to their complexity, as well as national interests, observation aims, and high system costs. Herein we define and describe virtual constellations, offer the science and applications information needs to offer context, provide the scientific support for a range of virtual constellation levels based upon applications readiness, capped by a discussion of issues and opportunities toward facilitating implementation of virtual constellations (in their various forms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Land use
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - Constellations
KW  - Multisensor data fusion
KW  - Constellation
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Science
KW  - Sentinel-2
N1  - Accession Number: 110576422; Wulder, Michael A. 1; Email Address: mike.wulder@canada.ca; Hilker, Thomas 2; White, Joanne C. 1; Coops, Nicholas C. 3; Masek, Jeffrey G. 4; Pflugmacher, Dirk 5; Crevier, Yves 6; Affiliations: 1: Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Center, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada; 2: College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; 3: Department of Forest Resource Management, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; 4: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany; 6: Earth Observation Applications and Utilization, Space Utilization Directorate, Agence Spatiale Canadienne|Canadian Space Agency, 6767, route de l'Aéroport, Saint-Hubert, QC J3Y 8Y9, Canada; Issue Info: Dec2015, Vol. 170, p62; Thesaurus Term: Land use; Thesaurus Term: Land cover; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Constellations; Subject Term: Multisensor data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constellation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sentinel-2; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.09.001
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TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - Search Results - Longview Daily News
JF  - Search Results - Longview Daily News
J1  - Search Results - Longview Daily News
N1  - Accession Number: WBN099369485FF65455BBD11FE9D5102C3BB4B00BE0; Source Information: 20151214
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - nmr
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - Search Results - Glens Falls Post-Star
JF  - Search Results - Glens Falls Post-Star
J1  - Search Results - Glens Falls Post-Star
N1  - Accession Number: WBNA170C38FB5CAE07DEDF64AFCDAB5461567BDB326; Source Information: 20151214
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - Search Results - Waterloo Cedar Falls Courier
JF  - Search Results - Waterloo Cedar Falls Courier
J1  - Search Results - Waterloo Cedar Falls Courier
N1  - Accession Number: WBNE0ED1F7DBC6685F2635C29E4F71AB7D1B7F0DC9D; Source Information: 20151214
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - nmr
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - globegazette.com - RSS Results in news/national of type article
JF  - globegazette.com - RSS Results in news/national of type article
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T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - U.S. News - News
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ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AU  - By MARCIA DUNN - AP Aerospace Writer
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - AP Regional State Report - Florida
JF  - AP Regional State Report - Florida
J1  - AP Regional State Report - Florida
PY  - 2015/12/14/12/14/2015
Y1  - 2015/12/14/12/14/2015
M3  - Article
PB  - Associated Press DBA Press Association
AB  - ; CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) ” Need more office space? How about outer space?NASA opened its astronaut-application website Monday. It's accepting applications through Feb. 18. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
N1  - Accession Number: AP9945763116d74da5b88710a0469bc791; Source Information: 12/14/2015; Place of Event: Cape Canaveral, United States; ; Document Type: Article; 
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T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
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T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars, 4 kinds of spacecraft at their disposal
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T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
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T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
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T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
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TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
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AU  - By MARCIA DUNN - AP Aerospace Writer
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PY  - 2015/12/14/12/14/2015
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AB  - ; CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. (AP) ” Need more office space? How about outer space?NASA opened its astronaut-application website Monday. It's accepting applications through Feb. 18. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
N1  - Accession Number: APb9f105312c1e4df79a589328319eb4ae; Source Information: 12/14/2015; Place of Event: Cape Canaveral, United States; ; Document Type: Article; 
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - AP Top U.S. News at 3:57 p.m. EST
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ER  - 

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T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
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N1  - Accession Number: WBN68E39E0492C7AFF9541C9B70770A6E1DA7C6B10C; Source Information: 20151214
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - nmr
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackman, C. H.
AU  - Marsh, D. R.
AU  - Kinnison, D. E.
AU  - Mertens, C. J.
AU  - Fleming, E. L.
T1  - Atmospheric changes caused by galactic cosmic rays over the period 1960-2010.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2015/12/15/
VL  - 15
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 33931
EP  - 33966
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM) and the Goddard Space Flight Center two-dimensional (GSFC 2-D) models are used to investigate the effect of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on the atmosphere over the 1960-2010 time period. The Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety (NAIRAS) computation of the GCR-caused ionization rates are used in these simulations. GCR-caused maximum NOx increases of 4-15% are computed in the Southern polar troposphere with associated ozone increases of 1-2%. NOx increases of ~ 1-6% are calculated for the lower stratosphere with associated ozone decreases of 0.2-1%. The primary impact of GCRs on ozone was due to their production of NOx. The impact of GCRs varies with the atmospheric chlorine loading, sulfate aerosol loading, and solar cycle variation. Because of the interference between the NOx and ClOx ozone loss cycles (e.g., the ClO + NO2 + M → ClONO2 + M reaction) and the change in the importance of ClOx in the ozone budget, GCRs cause larger atmospheric impacts with less chlorine loading. GCRs also cause larger atmospheric impacts with less sulfate aerosol loading and for years closer to solar minimum. GCR-caused decreases of annual average global total ozone (AAGTO) were computed to be 0.2% or less with GCR-caused tropospheric column ozone increases of 0.08% or less and GCR-caused stratospheric column ozone decreases of 0.23% or less. Although these computed ozone impacts are small, GCRs provide a natural influence on ozone and need to be quantified over long time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Sulfates
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Ionization (Atomic physics)
KW  - Ozone -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 111931456; Jackman, C. H. 1; Email Address: charles.h.jackman@nasa.gov; Marsh, D. R. 2; Kinnison, D. E. 2; Mertens, C. J. 3; Fleming, E. L. 4,5; Affiliations: 1: Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2015, Vol. 15 Issue 23, p33931; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Sulfates; Subject Term: Galactic cosmic rays; Subject Term: Ionization (Atomic physics); Subject Term: Ozone -- Environmental aspects; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acpd-15-33931-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poppe, A.R.
AU  - Zimmerman, M.I.
AU  - Halekas, J.S.
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
T1  - The electrostatic plasma environment of a small airless body under non-aligned plasma flow and UV conditions.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/12/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 120
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Airless bodies interact with a wide variety of plasma environments throughout the solar system. For many objects, incident plasma is nearly co-aligned with solar ultraviolet radiation leading to the development of a positively charged dayside photoelectron sheath and a negatively charged nightside plasma sheath. Other objects, however, are present in environments where the plasma flow and solar UV radiation may not co-align. These environments include, for example, the moons of Mars as they pass through the deflected Martian magnetosheath, and many of the moons of the outer planets, which are embedded in co-rotating planetary magnetospheres. The decoupling of the plasma flow and UV incidence vectors opens up a wide range of possible surface charging and near-object plasma conditions as a function of the relative plasma-UV incidence angle. Here, we report on a series of simulations of the plasma interaction of a small body (effectively smaller than both electron and ion gyroradii) with both flowing plasma and UV radiation for different plasma-UV incidence angles using an electrostatic treecode model. We describe the plasma and electric field environment both on the object surface and in the interaction region surrounding the object, including complex surface charge and electric field distributions, interactions between surface-generated photoelectrons and ambient plasma electrons, and complex potential distributions, all of which vary as a function of the relative plasma flow-UV angle. We also show that in certain conditions, non-monotonic potential structures may exist around such objects, partially similar to those found at Earth's Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Electrostatics
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Photoelectrons
KW  - Plasma flow
KW  - Airless bodies
KW  - Photoelectron sheaths
KW  - Plasma interactions
KW  - Plasma wakes
KW  - Surface charging/potentials
N1  - Accession Number: 111185237; Poppe, A.R. 1,2; Email Address: poppe@ssl.berkeley.edu; Zimmerman, M.I. 2,3; Halekas, J.S. 2,4; Farrell, W.M. 2,5; Affiliations: 1: Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA; 3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Dec2015, Vol. 119, p111; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Subject Term: Electrostatics; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Photoelectrons; Subject Term: Plasma flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airless bodies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoelectron sheaths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma wakes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface charging/potentials; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - Search Results - nwitimes.com
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N1  - Accession Number: WBN6C1E76329F3E7B2165BF484F33BB68DD784597CD; Source Information: 20151215
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - nmr
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars, 4 kinds of spacecraft at their disposal
JO  - FOX News
JF  - FOX News
J1  - FOX News
N1  - Accession Number: WBN148341BACF2A449F2EBDA3309CB1411C2CB4B97A; Source Information: 20151215
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - nmr
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
T1  - NASA Want Ad: Astronauts needed to help get to Mars
JO  - theparisnews.com - news,news/
JF  - theparisnews.com - news,news/
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N1  - Accession Number: WBNC49E79B66872BEDBF07C985CFF535E6BC0A1A321; Source Information: 20151215
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - nmr
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rivero-Calle, Sara
AU  - Gnanadesikan, Anand
AU  - Del Castillo, Carlos E.
AU  - Balch, William M.
AU  - Guikema, Seth D.
T1  - Multidecadal increase in North Atlantic coccolithophores and the potential role of rising CO2.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/12/18/
VL  - 350
IS  - 6267
M3  - Article
SP  - 1533
EP  - 1537
SN  - 00368075
AB  - As anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions acidify the oceans, calcifiers generally are expected to be negatively affected. However, using data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder, we show that coccolithophore occurrence in the North Atlantic increased from ~2 to more than 20% from 1965 through 2010. We used random forest models to examine more than 20 possible environmental drivers of this change, finding that CO2 and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation were the best predictors, leading us to hypothesize that higher CO2 levels might be encouraging growth. A compilation of 41 independent laboratory studies supports our hypothesis. Our study shows a long-term basin-scale increase in coccolithophores and suggests that increasing CO2 and temperature have accelerated the growth of a phytoplankton group that is important for carbon cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Coccolithophores
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 111875224; Rivero-Calle, Sara 1,2; Email Address: sara.rivero@jhu.edu; Gnanadesikan, Anand 1; Email Address: gnanades@jhu.edu; Del Castillo, Carlos E. 1,3; Balch, William M. 4; Guikema, Seth D. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; 2: Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; 3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA; 5: Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Issue Info: 12/18/2015, Vol. 350 Issue 6267, p1533; Thesaurus Term: Carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Coccolithophores; Thesaurus Term: Phytoplankton; Thesaurus Term: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: Oscillations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaa8026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Lauren E.
AU  - Chen, Celia Y.
AU  - Voytek, Mary A.
AU  - Amirbahman, Aria
T1  - The effect of sediment mixing on mercury dynamics in two intertidal mudflats at Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, USA.
JO  - Marine Chemistry
JF  - Marine Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/12/24/Dec2015 Part 5
VL  - 177
M3  - Article
SP  - 731
EP  - 741
SN  - 03044203
AB  - Estuarine sediments store particulate contaminants including mercury (Hg). We studied Hg sediment dynamics in two intertidal mudflats at Great Bay estuary, NH, over multiple years. Sediments at both mudflats were physically mixed down to ~ 10 cm, as determined by 7 Be measurements, albeit via different mechanisms. Portsmouth mudflat (PT) sediments were subject to bioturbation by infaunal organisms and Squamscott mudflat (SQ) sediments were subject to erosion and redeposition. The presence of higher concentrations of fresh Fe(III) hydroxide at PT suggested bioirrigation by the polychaetes ( Nereis virens ). At depths where infaunal bioirrigation was observed, pore-water inorganic Hg (Hg i ) and methylmercury (MeHg) were lower potentially due to their interaction with Fe(III) hydroxide. Methylmercury concentrations increased immediately below this zone in some samples, suggesting that the observed increase in material flux in bioirrigated sediments may initiate from lower depths. Pore water in sediment at PT also had higher fractions of more protein-like and labile DOC than those at SQ that can lead to increased MeHg production in PT, especially at depths where Hg i is not removed from solution by Fe(III) hydroxide. Where sediment erosion and redeposition were observed at SQ, Hg species distribution was extended deeper into the sediment column. Moreover, methyl coenzyme M reductase (MCR) and mercury reductase ( mer -A) genes were higher at SQ than PT suggesting differences in conditions for Hg cycling. Results showed that the near-surface region of high MeHg concentrations commonly observed in unmixed sediments does not exist in physically mixed sediments that are common in many estuarine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Estuarine sediments
KW  - Methylmercury
KW  - Intertidal ecology
KW  - Tidal flats
KW  - Bays -- New Hampshire
KW  - Ferric hydroxides
KW  - Estuary
KW  - Mercury
KW  - Sediment
N1  - Accession Number: 111168528; Brown, Lauren E. 1; Chen, Celia Y. 2; Voytek, Mary A. 3; Amirbahman, Aria 1; Email Address: ariaa@maine.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA; 2: Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; 3: Astrobiology Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington DC, USA; Issue Info: Dec2015 Part 5, Vol. 177, p731; Thesaurus Term: Estuarine sediments; Thesaurus Term: Methylmercury; Thesaurus Term: Intertidal ecology; Thesaurus Term: Tidal flats; Subject Term: Bays -- New Hampshire; Subject Term: Ferric hydroxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Estuary; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mercury; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sediment; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wichman, Indrek S.
AU  - Oison, Sandra L.
AU  - Miller, Fletcher J.
AU  - Hariharan, Ashwin
T1  - Fire in Microgravity.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 2016/01//Jan/Feb2016
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 51
SN  - 00030996
AB  - The article discusses issues related to flames in space of in microgravity regions. It is noted that the study of flame started in 1960s with Richard S. Magee and Robert F. McAlevy doing experiments at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, on flame spread over propellants for military applications in rockets and missiles and gradually devised flame-to-flamelet phenomenon seen in space experiments.
KW  - Flame
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Propellants
KW  - Magee, Richard S.
KW  - McAlevy, Robert F.
N1  - Accession Number: 111874546; Wichman, Indrek S. 1; Email Address: wichman@egr.msu.edu; Oison, Sandra L. 2; Miller, Fletcher J. 3; Hariharan, Ashwin 4; Affiliations: 1: Professor of mechanical engineering, Energy and Automotive Research Laboratories, Michigan State University; 2: Spacecraft fire safety scientist, NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland; 3: Associate professor of mechanical engineering, San Diego State University; 4: Thermal systems engineer, Ford Motor Company, Alim Park, MI; Issue Info: Jan/Feb2016, Vol. 104 Issue 1, p44; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Propellants; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; People: Magee, Richard S.; People: McAlevy, Robert F.; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khosrawi, F.
AU  - Urban, J.
AU  - Lossow, S.
AU  - Stiller, G.
AU  - Weigel, K.
AU  - Braesicke, P.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
AU  - Murtagh, D.
T1  - Sensitivity of polar stratospheric cloud formation to changes in water vapour and temperature.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 121
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807367
AB  - More than a decade ago it was suggested that a cooling of stratospheric temperatures by 1K or an increase of 1 ppmv of stratospheric water vapour could promote denitrification, the permanent removal of nitrogen species from the stratosphere by solid polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) particles. In fact, during the two Arctic winters 2009/10 and 2010/11 the strongest denitrification in the recent decade was observed. Sensitivity studies along air parcel trajectories are performed to test how a future stratospheric water vapour (H2O) increase of 1 ppmv or a temperature decrease of 1K would affect PSC formation. We perform our study based on measurements made during the Arctic winter 2010/11. Air parcel trajectories were calculated 6 days backward in time based on PSCs detected by CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder satellite observations). The sensitivity study was performed on single trajectories as well as on a trajectory ensemble. The sensitivity study shows a clear prolongation of the potential for PSC formation and PSC existence when the temperature in the stratosphere is decreased by 1K and water vapour is increased by 1 ppmv. Based on 15 years of satellite measurements (2000- 2014) from UARS/HALOE, Envisat/MIPAS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, Envisat/SCIAMACHY and SCISAT/ACE-FTS it is further investigated if there is a decrease in temperature and/or increase of water vapour (H2O) observed in the polar regions similar to that observed at midlatitudes and in the tropics. Performing linear regression analyses we derive from the Envisat/MIPAS (2002-2012) and Aura/MLS (2004-2014) observations predominantly positive changes in the potential temperature range 350 to 1000 K. The linear changes in water vapour derived from Envisat/MIPAS observations are largely insignificant, while those from Aura/MLS are mostly significant. For the temperature neither of the two instruments indicate any significant changes. Given the strong inter-annual variation observed in water vapour and particular temperature the severe denitrification observed in 2010/11 cannot be directly related to any changes in water vapour and temperature since the millennium. However, the observations indicate a clear correlation between cold winters and enhanced water vapour mixing ratios. This indicates a connection between dynamical and radiative processes that govern water vapour and temperature in the Arctic lower stratosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Polar stratospheric clouds
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Thermal properties
KW  - Water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 112422884; Khosrawi, F. 1,2; Email Address: farahnaz.khosrawi@kit.edu; Urban, J. 3; Lossow, S. 4; Stiller, G. 4; Weigel, K. 5; Braesicke, P. 4; Pitts, M. C. 6; Rozanov, A. 5; Burrows, J. P. 5; Murtagh, D. 3; Affiliations: 1: Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; 2: now at: Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 3: Department of Earth and Space Science, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden; 4: Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 5: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p101; Thesaurus Term: Polar stratospheric clouds; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Thermal properties; Subject Term: Water vapor; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-101-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, H.
AU  - Ganguly, S.
AU  - Zhang, G.
AU  - Hofton, M. A.
AU  - Nelson, R. F.
AU  - Dubayah, R.
T1  - Characterizing leaf area index (LAI) and vertical foliage profile (VFP) over the United States.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 239
EP  - 252
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18106277
AB  - Leaf area index (LAI) and vertical foliage profile (VFP) are among the important canopy structural variables. Recent advances in lidar remote sensing technology have demonstrated the capability of accurately mapping LAI and VFP over large areas. The primary objective of this study was to derive and validate a LAI and VFP product over the contiguous United States using spaceborne waveform lidar data. This product was derived at the footprint level from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) using a biophysical model. We validated GLAS derived LAI and VFP across major forest biomes using airborne waveform lidar. The comparison results showed that GLAS retrievals of total LAI were generally accurate with little bias (r² = 0.67, bias = -0.13, RMSE = 0.75). The derivations of GLAS retrievals of VFP within layers was not as accurate overall (r² = 0.36, bias = -0.04, RMSE = 0.26), and these varied as a function of height, increasing from understory to overstory -0 to 5 m layer: r² = 0.04, bias = 0.09, RMSE = 0.31; 10 to 15 m layer: r² = 0.53, bias = -0.08, RMSE = 0.22; and 15 to 20 m layer: r² = 0.66, bias =-0.05, RMSE = 0.20. Significant relationships were also found between GLAS LAI products and different environmental factors, in particular elevation and annual precipitation. In summary, our results provide a unique insight into vertical canopy structure distribution across North American ecosystems. This data set is a first step towards a baseline of canopy structure needed for evaluating climate and land use induced forest changes at continental scale in the future and should help deepen our understanding of the role of vertical canopy structure on terrestrial ecosystem processes across varying scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Foliage plants
KW  - Plant canopies
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 112476175; Tang, H. 1; Email Address: htang@umd.edu; Ganguly, S. 2; Zhang, G. 2; Hofton, M. A. 1; Nelson, R. F. 3; Dubayah, R. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI) / NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 3: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 618, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p239; Thesaurus Term: Foliage plants; Thesaurus Term: Plant canopies; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Leaf area index; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bg-13-239-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhattacharjee, Subrata
AU  - Simsek, Aslihan
AU  - Olson, Sandra
AU  - Ferkul, Paul
T1  - The critical flow velocity for radiative extinction in opposed-flow flame spread in a microgravity environment: A comparison of experimental, computational, and theoretical results.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 163
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 477
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The effect of opposing flow on flame spread rate over thin solid fuel is investigated with the help of scaling theory, a comprehensive computational model, and experiments conducted aboard the International Space Station. While spread rate over thin fuels is independent of the opposing flow velocity in the thermal regime, in the microgravity regime, where the opposing flow can be very mild or even completely absent in the absence of buoyancy induced flow, the spread rate is known to decrease as the opposed flow is reduced. Under certain conditions, this can lead to flame extinguishment at a low enough flow velocity. This paper combines scaling arguments with computational results to predict a critical flow velocity for such flame extinction. Results from the recently conducted limited number of space based tests, presented in this paper, seem to confirm the prediction validating the closed-form formula for the critical extinction velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Choked flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Flow velocity
KW  - Flame
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Solid fuel reactors
KW  - Extinction velocity
KW  - Flame spread
KW  - Flammability
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Radiative extinction
KW  - Space station
N1  - Accession Number: 111740568; Bhattacharjee, Subrata 1; Email Address: prof.bhattacharjee@gmail.com; Simsek, Aslihan 1; Olson, Sandra 2; Ferkul, Paul 2; Affiliations: 1: Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, USA; Issue Info: Jan2016, Vol. 163, p472; Thesaurus Term: Choked flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Flow velocity; Subject Term: Flame; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Solid fuel reactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction velocity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame spread; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flammability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space station; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.10.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, Naresh
AU  - Linderman, Marc
AU  - Chu, Allen D.
AU  - Buda, Travers
AU  - Tripathi, Sachchidanand
AU  - Foster, Andrew D.
AU  - Dong Liang
T1  - Delhi's Air Pollution.
JO  - Environmental Policy & Law
JF  - Environmental Policy & Law
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 86
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 0378777X
AB  - The article focuses on the air pollution problem of Delhi, India, including air pollution (re)distribution inside and outside the city and policies enacted by the local government to address the issue. Topics discussed include data used to assess coverage of air pollution in the Indian city, the use of conditional autoregressive modelling to examine the impact of Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) types and findings that revealed small changes to LULC.
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Air pollution -- India -- Delhi
KW  - Urbanization -- India
KW  - Economic development
KW  - Autoregressive processes
N1  - Accession Number: 113536952; Kumar, Naresh 1; Linderman, Marc 2; Chu, Allen D. 3; Buda, Travers 2; Tripathi, Sachchidanand 4; Foster, Andrew D. 5; Dong Liang 2; Affiliations: 1: Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Florida, US; 2: University of Iowa, US; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, US; 4: Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India; 5: Brown University, US; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p77; Thesaurus Term: Environmental protection; Subject Term: Air pollution -- India -- Delhi; Subject Term: Urbanization -- India; Subject Term: Economic development; Subject Term: Autoregressive processes; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 2 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 112337535
T1  - Disc herniations in astronauts: What causes them, and what does it tell us about herniation on earth?
AU  - Belavy, Daniel
AU  - Adams, Michael
AU  - Brisby, Helena
AU  - Cagnie, Barbara
AU  - Danneels, Lieven
AU  - Fairbank, Jeremy
AU  - Hargens, Alan
AU  - Judex, Stefan
AU  - Scheuring, Richard
AU  - Sovelius, Roope
AU  - Urban, Jill
AU  - Dieën, Jaap
AU  - Wilke, Hans-Joachim
AU  - Belavy, Daniel L
AU  - Hargens, Alan R
AU  - Scheuring, Richard A
AU  - van Dieën, Jaap H
Y1  - 2016/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 112337535. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160903. Revision Date: 20170102. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. Instrumentation: Work Environment Scale (WES) (Moos et al); Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC); Basic Knowledge Assessment Tool (BKAT); Impact of Events Scale (IES). NLM UID: 9301980. 
KW  - Space Flight
KW  - Research Personnel
KW  - Intervertebral Disk Displacement -- Etiology
KW  - Lumbar Vertebrae -- Physiopathology
KW  - Cervical Vertebrae -- Physiopathology
KW  - Risk Factors
KW  - Intervertebral Disk Displacement -- Physiopathology
KW  - Human
KW  - Clinical Assessment Tools
KW  - Impact of Events Scale
KW  - Interview Guides
KW  - Scales
SP  - 144
EP  - 154
JO  - European Spine Journal
JF  - European Spine Journal
JA  - EUR SPINE J
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
CY  - , <Blank>
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
AB  - Purpose: Recent work showed an increased risk of cervical and lumbar intervertebral disc (IVD) herniations in astronauts. The European Space Agency asked the authors to advise on the underlying pathophysiology of this increased risk, to identify predisposing factors and possible interventions and to suggest research priorities.Methods: The authors performed a narrative literature review of the possible mechanisms, and conducted a survey within the team to prioritize research and prevention approaches.Results and Conclusions: Based on literature review the most likely cause for lumbar IVD herniations was concluded to be swelling of the IVD in the unloaded condition during spaceflight. For the cervical IVDs, the knowledge base is too limited to postulate a likely mechanism or recommend approaches for prevention. Basic research on the impact of (un)loading on the cervical IVD and translational research is needed. The highest priority prevention approach for the lumbar spine was post-flight care avoiding activities involving spinal flexion, followed by passive spinal loading in spaceflight and exercises to reduce IVD hyper-hydration post-flight.
SN  - 0940-6719
AD  - Centre for Comparative and Clinical Anatomy, University of Bristol, Southwell Street Bristol BS2 8EJ UK
AD  - Department of Rehabiliation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185 3B3 9000 Ghent Belgium
AD  - Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust Oxford OX3 7HE UK
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego 92103-8894 USA
AD  - Bioengineering Building, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794-5281 USA
AD  - Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway SD4 Houston 77058 USA
AD  - Centre for Military Medicine, Satakunta Air Command, 33961 Pirkkala Finland
AD  - Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford University, Le Gros Clark Building, South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QX UK
AD  - Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 9 Amsterdam 1081 BT The Netherlands
AD  - Institute of Orthopaedic Research and Biomechanics, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 14 89081 Ulm Germany
AD  - Center of Muscle and Bone Research, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
AD  - Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
AD  - Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92103-8894, USA
AD  - Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway SD4, Houston, TX, 77058, USA
AD  - Faculty of Human Movement Sciences, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 9, Amsterdam, 1081 BT, The Netherlands
U2  - PMID: 25893331.
DO  - 10.1007/s00586-015-3917-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalgleish-Miller, Kimberly
AU  - Stangle-Castor, Nannette
T1  - Rocket Science May Be Coming Soon to a Business Near You.
JO  - Innovation: America's Journal of Technology Commercialization
JF  - Innovation: America's Journal of Technology Commercialization
Y1  - 2016///2016 1st Quarter
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 19328249
AB  - The article focuses on Glenn tech transfer office of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) that took a number of clear, concrete steps to strengthen the creative and business partnerships between private-sector entities and NASA innovators. It is stated that by reaching out to potential partners via a revamped website, Glenn sought to drive engagement further.
KW  - INVENTIONS
KW  - NEW product development
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL revolution
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 115225912; Dalgleish-Miller, Kimberly 1; Stangle-Castor, Nannette 2; Affiliations: 1: Chief of the technology transfer office at NASA's Glenn Research Center; 2: Founder and president of InnoVector Tech; Issue Info: 2016 1st Quarter, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1; Thesaurus Term: INVENTIONS; Thesaurus Term: NEW product development; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL revolution; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541613 Marketing Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ordaz, Irian
AU  - Wu Li
T1  - Approximation of Off-Body Sonic-Boom Analysis for Low-Boom Conceptual Design.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/01//
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 19
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The conceptual design of a low-boom and low-drag supersonic aircraft remains a challenge despite significant progress in recent years. Inverse design using reversed equivalent area and adjoint methods has been demonstrated to be effective in shaping the ground signature propagated from computational fluid dynamics off-body-pressure distributions. However, there is still a need to reduce the computational cost in the early stages of design to obtain a baseline that is feasible for low-boom shaping, and in the search for a robust low-boom design over the entire sonic-boom footprint. The proposed design method addresses the need to reduce the computational cost for robust low-boom design by using surface-pressure distributions from computational fluid dynamics solutions to shape sonic-boom ground signatures propagated from computational fluid dynamics off-body pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - CONCEPTUAL design
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 113855165; Source Information: Jan2016, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p14; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: CONCEPTUAL design; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033159
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Potsdam, Mark
T1  - Rotor Structural Loads Analysis Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/01//
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 105
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Coupled computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics (RCAS/HELIOS and CAMRAD II/HELIOS) analyses are performed, and the calculated rotor structural loads are compared with the flight-test data obtained from the NASA/Army UH-60A Airloads Program. Three challenging level-flight conditions are investigated: 1) high speed with advancing blade negative lift, 2) low speed with blade/wake interaction, and 3) high thrust with dynamic stall. The predicted flap bending and torsion moments, pitch link, and lag damper loads, in general, show reasonably good correlation with the test data. A nonlinear lag damper model is essential for the accurate prediction of root chord bending moment and lag damper load. Both analyses, however, significantly underpredict the chord bending moments, especially the 4/rev4/rev harmonic amplitude. Parametric study shows that blade stiffness variations have only a small influence on the load calculations. However, modal damping in the first flap mode has a significant influence on the flap bending moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
N1  - Accession Number: 113855171; Source Information: Jan2016, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p87; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 19p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033194
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=113855171&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Stephens, David B.
AU  - Berton, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Van Zante, Dale E.
AU  - Wojno, John P.
AU  - Goerig, Trevor W.
T1  - Auralization of Flyover Noise from Open-Rotor Engines Using Model-Scale Test Data.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/01//
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 128
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A series of model-scale tests were recently completed using the open-rotor propulsion rig at the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field in an effort to characterize the aeroacoustic performance of several open-rotor-propulsor designs. These included the historical-baseline and second-generation blade sets. Subsequently, the second generation design was assessed to have significant cumulative margins relative to the International Civil Aviation Organization Chapter 4 noise regulations, whilst the historical blade set had a negative margin. However, integrated metrics, like effective perceived-noise level, are not intuitive to the layperson, and likely do not convey the noise benefits over earlier designs, for example, the acoustically unique unducted-fan demonstrator of the 1980s. This paper develops the means of auralizing flyover-noise projections of full scale open-rotor engines using model-scale data in a manner that more readily communicates the noise benefit, and that is consistent with previously published aircraft-system-noise assessments. The effects of thrust level, installation type, and rotor-inflow angle on the generated flyover noise are investigated for the historical-baseline blade set. Finally, the benefits of the modern open-rotor blade design are made apparent through comparison of flyover noise from the second-generation and historical-baseline blade sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIRTUAL room acoustics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - PROPULSION systems
N1  - Accession Number: 113855173; Source Information: Jan2016, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p117; Subject Term: VIRTUAL room acoustics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033223
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Polozov, Alexander G.
AU  - Svensen, Henrik H.
AU  - Planke, Sverre
AU  - Grishina, Svetlana N.
AU  - Fristad, Kirsten E.
AU  - Jerram, Dougal A.
T1  - The basalt pipes of the Tunguska Basin (Siberia, Russia): High temperature processes and volatile degassing into the end-Permian atmosphere.
JO  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
JF  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Y1  - 2016/01//Jan2016 Part 1
VL  - 441
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 64
SN  - 00310182
AB  - A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the end-Permian crisis. Many of them explore the link between this catastrophe and the Siberian Traps. We test the hypothesis that eruption of thermogenic gas generated in contact aureoles around igneous sills intruded into evaporite sequences of the Tunguska Basin triggered the crisis. In particular, we test the idea that the aspect that breccia pipes represent conduits for voluminous gas migration from the deep basins to the atmosphere. This contribution sheds new light on the pipe formation based on new field and borehole observations and electron microscopy analyses. Of more than three hundred mapped magnetite-bearing basalt pipes, 43 are classified as diatremes. The diatremes are usually circular or elliptical, with multiple zones of brecciation reaching the surface, sometimes with preserved in-filled crater lakes. The pipe diameter on the surface varies from a few tens of meters for small single diatremes to about a kilometer. The largest crater lake area is 2.7 km 2 . We have conducted a detailed study of the breccias in the Sholokhovsk basalt pipe located within the Nepa potash deposit in the Tunguska Basin, Siberia, Russia (about N 59° and E 107°) and find that the breccias are cemented by carbonate matrix (calcite, dolomite) and halite. Breccia clasts are altered at various temperatures, evidenced by growth of albite and garnet from basaltic glass, and diopside, garnet, magnetite and chlorine-bearing amphibole (up to 1.8% Cl) in altered magmatic clasts. These mineral assemblages suggest high temperature interactions with evaporites within the pipe conduits. The large number of pipes support that degassing of halogen-rich volatiles was a widespread and violent process with implications for the end-Permian crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Degassing of coal
KW  - Basalt
KW  - High temperatures
KW  - Permian Period
KW  - Tunguska Basin (Russia)
KW  - Diatreme
KW  - End-Permian crisis
KW  - Flood basalts
KW  - Large igneous province
KW  - Magma–brine interaction
KW  - Tunguska Basin
N1  - Accession Number: 111142835; Polozov, Alexander G. 1,2; Email Address: a.g.polozov@mail.ru; Svensen, Henrik H. 2; Planke, Sverre 2,3; Grishina, Svetlana N. 4; Fristad, Kirsten E. 5; Jerram, Dougal A. 2,6,7; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGEM RAS), Staromonetnyi side-str. 35, 119017 Moscow, Russia; 2: Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), Postbox 1028, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway; 3: Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research AS (VBPR), 0349 Oslo, Norway; 4: V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (IGM SB RAS), Ac. Koptyuga ave. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: DougalEARTH LTD, Solihull, B91 3NU, UK; 7: Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Issue Info: Jan2016 Part 1, Vol. 441, p51; Thesaurus Term: Degassing of coal; Subject Term: Basalt; Subject Term: High temperatures; Subject Term: Permian Period; Subject Term: Tunguska Basin (Russia); Author-Supplied Keyword: Diatreme; Author-Supplied Keyword: End-Permian crisis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flood basalts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large igneous province; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magma–brine interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tunguska Basin; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=111142835&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Discussion of “Space-filling designs for computer experiments: A review”.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2016/01//Jan-Mar2016
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 41
SN  - 08982112
AB  - The author reflects his views on space-filling designs for computer experiments and mentions that computer experiments are ubiquitous across engineering and science disciplines, and it provide a powerful experimental strategy combined with physical experimentation. The article mentions that design of experiments (DOE) has nothing to offer in the design and analysis of computer experiments. It also computer experiments do not employ randomization, replication, and blocking.
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - COMPUTER engineering
KW  - RANDOMIZATION (Statistics)
KW  - REPLICATION (Experimental design)
N1  - Accession Number: 112642213; Parker, Peter A. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan-Mar2016, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p39; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER science; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: COMPUTER engineering; Subject Term: RANDOMIZATION (Statistics); Subject Term: REPLICATION (Experimental design); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2015.1100450
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=112642213&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Limoli, Charles
AU  - Baulch, Janet
AU  - Sowa, Marianne
T1  - William F. Morgan (1952-2015).
JO  - Radiation Research
JF  - Radiation Research
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 185
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 108
PB  - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.
SN  - 00337587
AB  - An obituary for William Francis Morgan, scientist and the Director of Radiation Biology and Biophysics in the Biological Sciences Division of the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, is presented.
KW  - Scientists
KW  - Morgan, William Francis
N1  - Accession Number: 112377263; Limoli, Charles 1; Baulch, Janet 1; Sowa, Marianne 2; Affiliations: 1: University of California, Irvine; 2: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Jan2016, Vol. 185 Issue 1, p106; Subject Term: Scientists; People: Morgan, William Francis; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1667/RR00WM.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=112377263&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 112667141
T1  - Bacopa monnieri supplements offset motor and co-morbid behavioral pathology, oxidative impairments and neurotoxicity in an chronic environmental toxin model of Parkinson's disease in mice.
AU  - Krishna, Gokul
AU  - Hosamani, Ravikumar
AU  - Muralidhara, M.
Y1  - 2016/01/03/Jan2016 Supplement 2
N1  - Accession Number: 112667141. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160511. Publication Type: Article. Supplement Title: Jan2016 Supplement 2. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Europe; UK & Ireland. NLM UID: 9513583. 
SP  - e187
EP  - e187
JO  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
JA  - PARKINSONISM RELAT DISORD
VL  - 22
CY  - New York, New York
PB  - Elsevier Science
SN  - 1353-8020
AD  - Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India
AD  - Space Bioscience Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States
DO  - 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.478
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zamora, L. M.
AU  - Kahn, R. A.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - McFarquhar, G. M.
AU  - Nenes, A.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Zelenyuk, A.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
T1  - Aircraft-measured indirect cloud effects from biomass burning smoke in the Arctic and subarctic.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 715
EP  - 738
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The incidence of wildfires in the Arctic and subarctic is increasing; in boreal North America, for example, the burned area is expected to increase by 200-300% over the next 50-100 years, which previous studies suggest could have a large effect on cloud microphysics, lifetime, albedo, and precipitation. However, the interactions between smoke particles and clouds remain poorly quantified due to confounding meteorological influences and remote sensing limitations. Here, we use data from several aircraft campaigns in the Arctic and subarctic to explore cloud microphysics in liquid-phase clouds influenced by biomass burning. Median cloud droplet radii in smoky clouds were ~40-60% smaller than in background clouds. Based on the relationship between cloud droplet number (Nliq) and various biomass burning tracers (BBt) across the multi-campaign data set, we calculated the magnitude of subarctic and Arctic smoke aerosol-cloud interactions (ACIs, where ACI = (1/3)×dln(Nliq)/dln(BBt)) to be ~0.16 out of a maximum possible value of 0.33 that would be obtained if all aerosols were to nucleate cloud droplets. Interestingly, in a separate subarctic case study with low liquid water content (~0.02 gm-3) and very high aerosol concentrations (2000-3000 cm-3) in the most polluted clouds, the estimated ACI value was only 0.05. In this case, competition for water vapor by the high concentration of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) strongly limited the formation of droplets and reduced the cloud albedo effect, which highlights the importance of cloud feedbacks across scales. Using our calculated ACI values, we estimate that the smoke-driven cloud albedo effect may decrease local summertime short-wave radiative flux by between 2 and 4 W m-2 or more under some low and homogeneous cloud cover conditions in the subarctic, although the changes should be smaller in high surface albedo regions of the Arctic. We lastly explore evidence suggesting that numerous northern-latitude background Aitken particles can interact with combustion particles, perhaps impacting their properties as cloud condensation and ice nuclei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Smoke -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Wildfires -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Subarctic region
N1  - Accession Number: 112476156; Zamora, L. M. 1,2; Email Address: lauren.m.zamora@nasa.gov; Kahn, R. A. 1; Cubison, M. J. 3; Diskin, G. S. 4; Jimenez, J. L. 3; Kondo, Y. 5; McFarquhar, G. M. 6; Nenes, A. 7,8,9; Thornhill, K. L. 4; Wisthaler, A. 10,11; Zelenyuk, A. 12; Ziemba, L. D. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA; 3: CIRES and Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan; 6: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; 7: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 8: Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Patras, Greece; 9: National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece; 10: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 11: Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 12: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p715; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Smoke -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Wildfires -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Subarctic region; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-715-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=112476156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buchard, V.
AU  - da Silva, A.M.
AU  - Randles, C.A.
AU  - Colarco, P.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Hair, J.
AU  - Hostetler, C.
AU  - Tackett, J.
AU  - Winker, D.
T1  - Evaluation of the surface PM2.5 in Version 1 of the NASA MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis over the United States.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/01/15/Jan2016 Part A
VL  - 125
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 111
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We use surface fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) measurements collected by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) networks as independent validation for Version 1 of the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero) developed by the Global Modeling Assimilation Office (GMAO). MERRAero is based on a version of the GEOS-5 model that is radiatively coupled to the Goddard Chemistry, Aerosol, Radiation, and Transport (GOCART) aerosol module and includes assimilation of bias corrected Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on both Terra and Aqua satellites. By combining the spatial and temporal coverage of GEOS-5 with observational constraints on AOD, MERRAero has the potential to provide improved estimates of PM 2.5 compared to the model alone and with greater coverage than available observations. Importantly, assimilation of AOD data constrains the total column aerosol mass in MERRAero subject to assumptions about optical properties for each of the species represented in GOGART. However, single visible wavelength AOD data does not contain sufficient information content to correct errors in either aerosol vertical placement or composition, critical elements for a proper characterization of surface PM 2.5 . Despite this, we find that the data-assimilation equipped version of GEOS-5 better represents observed PM 2.5 between 2003 and 2012 compared to the same version of the model without AOD assimilation. Compared to measurements from the EPA-AQS network, MERRAero shows better PM 2.5 agreement with the IMPROVE network measurements, which are composed essentially of rural stations. Regardless the data network, MERRAero PM 2.5 are closer to observation values during the summer while larger discrepancies are observed during the winter. Comparing MERRAero to PM 2.5 data collected by the Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) offers greater insight on the species MERRAero predicts well and those for which there are biases relative to the EPA observations. Analysis of this speciated data indicates that the lack of nitrate emissions in MERRAero and an underestimation of carbonaceous emissions in the Western US explains much of the reanalysis bias during the winter. To further understand discrepancies between the reanalysis and observations, we use complimentary data to assess two important aspects of MERRAero that are of relevance to the diagnosis of PM 2.5 , in particular AOD and vertical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Evaluation utilization
KW  - Standards
KW  - United States
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - MERRAero
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Particulate mater
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 111638955; Buchard, V. 1,2; Email Address: virginie.buchard@nasa.gov; da Silva, A.M. 1; Randles, C.A. 1,3; Colarco, P. 1; Ferrare, R. 4; Hair, J. 4; Hostetler, C. 4; Tackett, J. 4,5; Winker, D. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: GESTAR/Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 3: GESTAR/Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 5: SSAI, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Jan2016 Part A, Vol. 125, p100; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Subject Term: Evaluation utilization; Subject Term: Standards; Subject: United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: MERRAero; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate mater ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=111638955&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effects of hindlimb unloading and ionizing radiation on skeletal muscle resistance artery vasodilation and its relation to cancellous bone in mice.
AU  - Prisby, Rhonda D.
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Behnke, Brad J.
AU  - Stabley, John N.
AU  - McCullough, Danielle J.
AU  - Ghosh, Payal
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Delp, Michael D.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 120
IS  - 2
SP  - 97
EP  - 106
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 112701333; Author: Prisby, Rhonda D.: 1 Author: Alwood, Joshua S.: 2 Author: Behnke, Brad J.: 3,4 Author: Stabley, John N.: 3 Author: McCullough, Danielle J.: 3 Author: Ghosh, Payal: 3,5 Author: Globus, Ruth K.: 2 Author: Delp, Michael D.: 3,5 email: mdelp@fsu.edu. ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware: 2 Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California: 3 Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology and the Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida: 4 Department of Kinesiology and the Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas: 5 Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; No. of Pages: 10; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20160203
N2  - Spaceflight has profound effects on vascular function as a result of weightlessness that may be further compounded by radiation exposure. The purpose of the present study was to assess the individual and combined effects of hindlimb unloading (HU) and radiation (Rad) on vasodilator responses in the skeletal muscle vasculature. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to one of four groups: control (Con), HU (tail suspension for 15 days), Rad (200 cGy of 137Cs), and HU-Rad (15-day tail suspension and 200 cGy of 137Cs). Endotheliumdependent vasodilation of gastrocnemius feed arteries was assessed in vitro using acetylcholine (ACh, 10-9-10-4 M) and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX). Endotheliumindependent vasodilation was assessed using Dea-NONOate (10-9-10-4 M). Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responses were impaired relative to Con responses in all treatment groups; however, there was no further impairment from the combination of treatments (HU-Rad) relative to that in the HU and Rad groups. The NOS-mediated contribution to endothelium-dependent vasodilation was depressed with HU and Rad. This impairment in NOS signaling may have been partially compensated for by an enhancement of PGI2-mediated dilation. Changes in endotheliumdependent vasodilation were also associated with decrements in trabecular bone volume in the proximal tibia metaphysis. These data demonstrate that the simulated space environment (i.e., radiation exposure and unloading of muscle and bone) significantly impairs skeletal muscle artery vasodilation, mediated through endothelium-dependent reductions in NOS signaling and decrements in vascular smooth muscle cell responsiveness to NO. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *SKELETAL muscle -- Physiology
KW  - *VASODILATION
KW  - *MUSCLES -- Blood-vessels
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HINDLIMB -- Research
KW  - RADIATION -- Physiological effect -- Research
KW  - NITRIC-oxide synthases -- Research
KW  - CYCLOOXYGENASES -- Research
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - bone remodeling
KW  - endothelium-dependent vasodilation
KW  - microgravity
KW  - radiation
KW  - spaceflight
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=112701333&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, A.
AU  - Sarantos, M.
AU  - Wooden, D. H.
AU  - Stubbs, T. J.
AU  - Cook, A. M.
AU  - Shirley, M.
T1  - How surface composition and meteoroid impacts mediate sodium and potassium in the lunar exosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6270
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 252
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Despite being trace constituents of the lunar exosphere, sodium and potassium are the most readily observed species due to their bright line emission. Measurements of these species by the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVS) on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) have revealed unambiguous temporal and spatial variations indicative of a strong role for meteoroid bombardment and surface composition in determining the composition and local time dependence of the Moon's exosphere. Observations show distinct lunar day (monthly) cycles for both species as well as an annual cycle for sodium. The first continuous measurements for potassium show a more repeatable variation across lunations and an enhancement over KREEP (Potassium Rare Earth Elements and Phosphorus) surface regions, revealing a strong dependence on surface composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Upper atmosphere
KW  - Surface composition (Planetology)
KW  - Meteoroids
KW  - Exosphere
KW  - Spatial variation
N1  - Accession Number: 112343842; Colaprete, A. 1; Sarantos, M. 2,3; Wooden, D. H. 1; Stubbs, T. J. 4; Cook, A. M. 1,5; Shirley, M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA; 2: Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; 4: Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: Millennium Engineering and Integration Services, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 1/15/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6270, p249; Thesaurus Term: Upper atmosphere; Subject Term: Surface composition (Planetology); Subject Term: Meteoroids; Subject Term: Exosphere; Subject Term: Spatial variation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad2380
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=112343842&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuster, G. L.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Arola, A.
T1  - Remote sensing of soot carbon - Part 1: Distinguishing different absorbing aerosol species.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1565
EP  - 1585
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We describe a method of using the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) size distributions and complex refractive indices to retrieve the relative proportion of carbonaceous aerosols and free iron minerals (hematite and goethite).We assume that soot carbon has a spectrally flat refractive index and enhanced imaginary indices at the 440 nm wavelength are caused by brown carbon or hematite. Carbonaceous aerosols can be separated from dust in imaginary refractive index space because 95% of biomass burning aerosols have imaginary indices greater than 0.0042 at the 675-1020 nm wavelengths, and 95% of dust has imaginary refractive indices of less than 0.0042 at those wavelengths. However, mixtures of these two types of particles can not be unambiguously partitioned on the basis of optical properties alone, so we also separate these particles by size. Regional and seasonal results are consistent with expectations. Monthly climatologies of fine mode soot carbon are less than 1.0% by volume for West Africa and the Middle East, but the southern African and South American biomass burning sites have peak values of 3.0 and 1.7 %. Monthly averaged fine mode brown carbon volume fractions have a peak value of 5.8% for West Africa, 2.1% for the Middle East, 3.7% for southern Africa, and 5.7% for South America. Monthly climatologies of free iron volume fractions show little seasonal variability, and range from about 1.1 to 1.7%for coarse mode aerosols in all four study regions. Finally, our sensitivity study indicates that the soot carbon retrieval is not sensitive to the component refractive indices or densities assumed for carbonaceous and free iron aerosols, and the retrieval differs by only 15.4% when these parameters are altered from our chosen baseline values. The total uncertainty of retrieving soot carbon mass is ~50% (when uncertainty in the AERONET product and mixing state is included in the analysis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Carbonaceous aerosols
KW  - Refractive index
KW  - Hematite
N1  - Accession Number: 113072927; Schuster, G. L. 1; Email Address: gregory.l.schuster@nasa.gov; Dubovik, O. 2; Arola, A. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille-1, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; 3: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio, Finland; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p1565; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Subject Term: Carbonaceous aerosols; Subject Term: Refractive index; Subject Term: Hematite; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-1565-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113072927&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuster, G. L.
AU  - Dubovik, O.
AU  - Arola, A.
AU  - Eck, T. F.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
T1  - Remote sensing of soot carbon - Part 2: Understanding the absorption Ångström exponent.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1587
EP  - 1602
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Recently, some authors have suggested that the absorption Ångström exponent (AAE) can be used to deduce the component aerosol absorption optical depths (AAODs) of carbonaceous aerosols in the AERONET database. This AAE approach presumes that AAE≪1 for soot carbon, which contrasts the traditional small particle limit of AAE = 1 for soot carbon. Thus, we provide an overview of the AERONET retrieval, and we investigate how the microphysics of carbonaceous aerosols can be interpreted in the AERONET AAE product. We find that AAE≪1 in the AERONET database requires large coarse mode fractions and/or imaginary refractive indices that increase with wavelength. Neither of these characteristics are consistent with the current definition of soot carbon, so we explore other possibilities for the cause of AAE≪1. AAE is related to particle size, and coarse mode particles have a smaller AAE than fine mode particles for a given aerosol mixture of species. We also note that the mineral goethite has an imaginary refractive index that increases with wavelength, is very common in dust regions, and can easily contribute to AAE≪1. We find that AAE≪1 can not be caused by soot carbon, unless soot carbon has an imaginary refractive index that increases with wavelength throughout the visible and near-infrared spectrums. Finally, AAE is not a robust parameter for separating carbonaceous absorption from dust aerosol absorption in the AERONET database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Carbonaceous aerosols
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 113072928; Schuster, G. L. 1; Email Address: gregory.l.schuster@nasa.gov; Dubovik, O. 2; Arola, A. 3; Eck, T. F. 4,5; Holben, B. N. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lillé 1, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; 3: Finnish Meteorological Institute, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland; 4: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p1587; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Absorption; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Subject Term: Carbonaceous aerosols; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-1587-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113072928&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Welp, Lisa R.
AU  - Patra, Prabir K.
AU  - Rodenbeck, Christian
AU  - Nemani, Rama
AU  - Jian Bi
AU  - Piper, Stephen C.
AU  - Keeling, Ralph F.
T1  - Increasing summer net CO2 uptake in high northern ecosystems inferred from atmospheric inversions and remote sensing.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 38
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Warmer temperatures and elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last several decades have been credited with increasing vegetation activity and photosynthetic uptake of CO2 from the atmosphere in the high northern latitude ecosystems: the boreal forest and Arctic tundra. At the same time, fire frequency and severity are increased, and some regions of the boreal forest show signs of stress due to drought or insect disturbance. The recent trends in net carbon balance of these ecosystems, across heterogeneous disturbance patterns, and the future implications of these changes are unclear. Here we examine CO2 fluxes from northern boreal and tundra from 1986 to 2012 estimated from two inverse models (RIGC and Jena), both using measured atmospheric CO2 concentrations and wind-fields from interannually variable reanalysis. In the arctic zone, the latitude region above 60-N excluding Europe (10° W-63° E), neither model finds a significant long-term trend in annual CO2 balance. The boreal zone, the latitude region from approximately 50° N to 60° N, again excluding Europe, absorbed an extra 8-11 Tg C yr-1 over the period from 1986 to 2006, resulting in an annual CO2 sink in 2006 that was 170-230 Tg C larger than in 1986. This same trend appears to continue through 2012 as well. In both latitudinal zones, the seasonal amplitude of monthly CO2 fluxes increased due to increased uptake in summer, and in the arctic zone, also due to increased fall CO2 release. Both models showed a seasonal flux amplitude increase of nearly 1% yr-1 in the arctic zone, over twice the trend in the boreal zone fluxes. These findings suggest that the boreal zone has been maintaining and likely increasing CO2 sink strength over this period, despite browning trends in some regions, changes in fire frequency and land use. Meanwhile the arctic zone shows increased summer CO2 uptake, consistent with strong greening trends, is offset by increased fall CO2 release, resulting in a net neutral trend in annual fluxes. The inversion fluxes from the arctic and boreal zones covering the permafrost regions showed no indication of a large-scale positive climate-carbon feedback caused by warming temperature on high northern latitude terrestrial CO2 fluxes as of 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Taigas
N1  - Accession Number: 115483799; Welp, Lisa R. 1,2; Email Address: lwelp@purdue.edu; Patra, Prabir K. 3; Email Address: prabir@jamstec.go.jp; Rodenbeck, Christian 4; Email Address: christian.roedenbeck@bgc-jena.mpg.de; Nemani, Rama 5; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov; Jian Bi 1; Email Address: bijian.bj@gmail.com; Piper, Stephen C. 1; Email Address: scpiper@ucsd.edu; Keeling, Ralph F. 1; Email Address: rkeeling@ucsd.edu; Affiliations: 1: Scripps Institut ion of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; 2: now at: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; 3: Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokahama, Japan; 4: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-10
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115483799&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dugan, Daniel
AU  - Hoh, Roger
AU  - Keeler, Bud
AU  - Dougherty, Bill
AU  - Krueck, Erich
T1  - Letters From Our Readers (Feb. 1, 2016).
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
J1  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
PY  - 2016/02//2/1/2016
Y1  - 2016/02//2/1/2016
M3  - Letter to the Editor
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Far from Failure," about the success of the A380 aircraft, "Asking About AoA," about angle-of-attack, and "Staying Alive" on the 1984 demonstration of an antimisting fuel additive.
KW  - AIRBUS A380 (Jet transport)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel
N1  - Accession Number: 112775333; Source Information: 2/1/2016, p1; Subject Term: AIRBUS A380 (Jet transport); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Letter to the Editor; ; Full Text Word Count: 827; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guan, Kaiyu
AU  - Berry, Joseph A.
AU  - Zhang, Yongguang
AU  - Joiner, Joanna
AU  - Guanter, Luis
AU  - Badgley, Grayson
AU  - Lobell, David B.
T1  - Improving the monitoring of crop productivity using spaceborne solar-induced fluorescence.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 716
EP  - 726
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Large-scale monitoring of crop growth and yield has important value for forecasting food production and prices and ensuring regional food security. A newly emerging satellite retrieval, solar-induced fluorescence ( SIF) of chlorophyll, provides for the first time a direct measurement related to plant photosynthetic activity (i.e. electron transport rate). Here, we provide a framework to link SIF retrievals and crop yield, accounting for stoichiometry, photosynthetic pathways, and respiration losses. We apply this framework to estimate United States crop productivity for 2007-2012, where we use the spaceborne SIF retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 satellite, benchmarked with county-level crop yield statistics, and compare it with various traditional crop monitoring approaches. We find that a SIF-based approach accounting for photosynthetic pathways (i.e. C3 and C4 crops) provides the best measure of crop productivity among these approaches, despite the fact that SIF sensors are not yet optimized for terrestrial applications. We further show that SIF provides the ability to infer the impacts of environmental stresses on autotrophic respiration and carbon-use-efficiency, with a substantial sensitivity of both to high temperatures. These results indicate new opportunities for improved mechanistic understanding of crop yield responses to climate variability and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GROWTH
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Crop yields
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Crops
KW  - Food production
KW  - Food security
KW  - carbon use efficiency
KW  - crop monitoring
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - gross primary production
KW  - net primary production
KW  - respiration
N1  - Accession Number: 112507570; Guan, Kaiyu 1,2; Berry, Joseph A. 3; Zhang, Yongguang 4,5; Joiner, Joanna 6; Guanter, Luis 5; Badgley, Grayson 1,3; Lobell, David B. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University; 2: Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University; 3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science; 4: International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University; 5: Remote Sensing Section, German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ); 6: Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics (Code 614), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center; Issue Info: Feb2016, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p716; Thesaurus Term: GROWTH; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Crop yields; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Subject Term: Crops; Subject Term: Food production; Subject Term: Food security; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon use efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: crop monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: net primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: respiration; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.13136
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=112507570&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maurer, E. P.
AU  - Ficklin, D. L.
AU  - Wang, W.
T1  - Technical Note: The impact of spatial scale in bias correction of climate model output for hydrologic impact studies.
JO  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences
JF  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 685
EP  - 696
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 10275606
AB  - Statistical downscaling is a commonly used technique for translating large-scale climate model output to a scale appropriate for assessing impacts. To ensure downscaled meteorology can be used in climate impact studies, downscaling must correct biases in the large-scale signal. A simple and generally effective method for accommodating systematic biases in large-scale model output is quantile mapping, which has been applied to many variables and shown to reduce biases on average, even in the presence of non-stationarity. Quantile-mapping bias correction has been applied at spatial scales ranging from hundreds of kilometers to individual points, such as weather station locations. Since water resources and other models used to simulate climate impacts are sensitive to biases in input meteorology, there is a motivation to apply bias correction at a scale fine enough that the downscaled data closely resemble historically observed data, though past work has identified undesirable consequences to applying quantile mapping at too fine a scale. This study explores the role of the spatial scale at which the quantile-mapping bias correction is applied, in the context of estimating high and low daily streamflows across the western United States. We vary the spatial scale at which quantilemapping bias correction is performed from 2° (~200 km) to 1=8° (~12 km) within a statistical downscaling procedure, and use the downscaled daily precipitation and temperature to drive a hydrology model. We find that little additional benefit is obtained, and some skill is degraded, when using quantile mapping at scales finer than approximately 0.5° (~50 km). This can provide guidance to those applying the quantile-mapping bias correction method for hydrologic impacts analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Hydrology & Earth System Sciences is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Water supply
KW  - Bias correction (Topology)
KW  - Variables (Mathematics)
KW  - Meteorological stations
N1  - Accession Number: 113003513; Maurer, E. P. 1; Email Address: emaurer@engr.scu.edu; Ficklin, D. L. 2; Wang, W. 3; Affiliations: 1: Santa Clara University, Civil Engineering Department, Santa Clara, CA 95053-0563, USA; 2: Indiana University, Department of Geography, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; 3: California State University at Monterey Bay, Department of Science and Environmental Policy and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p685; Thesaurus Term: Hydrology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Water supply; Subject Term: Bias correction (Topology); Subject Term: Variables (Mathematics); Subject Term: Meteorological stations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/hess-20-685-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popovic, Zoya
AU  - Afridi, Khurram
AU  - Ponchak, George
T1  - Guest Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 330
SN  - 00189480
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including wireless power transfer (WPT), increased attention for power levels, and WPT challenges in an international and open environment.
KW  - WIRELESS power transmission
KW  - ELECTRIC power transmission
N1  - Accession Number: 112830587; Popovic, Zoya 1; Afridi, Khurram 1; Ponchak, George 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Issue Info: Feb2016, Vol. 64 Issue 2, p329; Thesaurus Term: WIRELESS power transmission; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power transmission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2515167
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Thirty years of vegetation change in the coastal Santa Cruz Mountains of Northern California detected using landsat satellite image analysis.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 59
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14000350
AB  - The Santa Cruz Mountains is a coastal landscape with a history of extensive forest logging, and a future with projected climate warming that may alter vegetation cover and surface water runoff in new ways. Results from Landsat satellite image time-series analysis since 1983 of this study area showed gradual, statistically significant increases in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in more than 90 % of the (predominantly second-growth) evergreen forest locations sampled. The cumulative distribution of NDVI values in 2013 was significantly different and higher overall from the cumulative distribution of NDVI values in 1983. The extreme drought year of 2013 (and other previous years of low precipitation) did not affect average NDVI growth rates in most drainage basins of the study area, with the exception of four relatively small basins that had less than 30 % forested land cover. Notably different patterns of NDVI change were detected in areas burned by wildfires in recent years. Within the perimeters of the 2008 Summit Fire and the 2009 Lockheed Fire, NDVI showed notable declines from pre-fire levels to those calculated in 2013 Landsat imagery. In contrast to these recent fires, the burned area from the 1985 Lexington Fire showed the highest rate of NDVI increase (over 27 years of regrowth) of any relatively large contiguous area within the Santa Cruz Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Santa Cruz Mountains (Calif.)
KW  - California
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Drought
KW  - Forest vegetation
KW  - Landsat
KW  - NDVI
KW  - Santa Cruz Mountains
KW  - Wildfire
N1  - Accession Number: 113545146; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Issue Info: Feb2016, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p51; Thesaurus Term: Vegetation dynamics; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject: Santa Cruz Mountains (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Santa Cruz Mountains; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-015-0417-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burns, Devin E.
AU  - Oh, Lance H.
AU  - Li, Mary J.
AU  - Kelly, Daniel P.
AU  - Kutyrev, Alexander S.
AU  - Moseley, Samuel H.
T1  - 2-D Electrostatic Actuation of Microshutter Arrays.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
J1  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
PY  - 2016/02//
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 107
SN  - 10577157
AB  - Electrostatically actuated microshutter arrays consisting of rotational microshutters (shutters that rotate about a torsion bar) were designed and fabricated through the use of models and experiments. Design iterations focused on minimizing the torsional stiffness of the microshutters while maintaining their structural integrity. Mechanical and electromechanical test systems were constructed to measure the static and dynamic behavior of the microshutters. The torsional stiffness was reduced by a factor of four over initial designs without sacrificing durability. The analysis of the resonant behavior of the microshutters demonstrates that the first resonant mode is a torsional mode occurring around 3000 Hz. At low vacuum pressures, this resonant mode can be used to significantly reduce the drive voltage necessary for actuation requiring as little as 25 V. The 2-D electrostatic latching and addressing was demonstrated using both a resonant and a pulsed addressing scheme. [2015–0172] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC actuators
KW  - TORSIONAL stiffness
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - DYNAMICAL systems
N1  - Accession Number: 112830608; Source Information: Feb2016, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p101; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC actuators; Subject Term: TORSIONAL stiffness; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: DYNAMICAL systems; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2015.2498411
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarado, M. J.
AU  - Lonsdale, C. R.
AU  - Macintyre, H. L.
AU  - Bian, H.
AU  - Chin, M.
AU  - Ridley, D. A.
AU  - Heald, C. L.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Cubison, M. J.
AU  - Jimenez, J. L.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Sahu, L. K.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Wang, C.
T1  - Evaluating Model Parameterizations of Submicron Aerosol Scattering and Absorption with In Situ Data from ARCTAS 2008.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/02/05/
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 52
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Accurate modeling of the scattering and absorption of ultraviolet and visible radiation by aerosols is essential for accurate simulations of atmospheric chemistry and climate. Closure studies using in situ measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption can be used to evaluate and improve models of aerosol optical properties without interference from model errors in aerosol emissions, transport, chemistry, or deposition rates. Here we evaluate the ability of four externally mixed, fixed size distribution parameterizations used in global models to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption at three wavelengths using in situ data gathered during the 2008 Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. The four models are the NASA Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) Combo model, GEOS-Chem v9-02, the baseline configuration of a version of GEOS-Chem with online radiative transfer calculations (called GC-RT), and the Optical Properties of Aerosol and Clouds (OPAC v3.1) package. We also use the ARCTAS data to perform the first evaluation of the ability of the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP v2.1) to simulate submicron aerosol scattering and absorption when in situ data on the aerosol size distribution is used, and examine the impact of different mixing rules for black carbon (BC) on the results. We find that the GMI model tends to overestimate submicron scattering and absorption at shorter wavelengths by 10-23%, and that GMI has smaller absolute mean biases for submicron absorption than OPAC v3.1, GEOS-Chem v9-02, or GC-RT. However, the changes to the density and refractive index of BC in GC-RT improve the simulation of submicron aerosol absorption at all wavelengths relative to GEOS-Chem v9-02. Adding in situ size distribution information, as in ASP v2.1, improves model performance for scattering but not for absorption, likely due to the assumption in ASP v2.1 that BC is present at a constant mass fraction throughout the aerosol size distribution. Using a core-shell mixing state in ASP overestimates aerosol absorption, especially for the fresh biomass burning aerosol measured in ARCTAS-B, suggesting the need for time-varying mixing states in future versions of ASP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Light
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Parameterization
KW  - Scattering (Physics)
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 116944612; Alvarado, M. J. 1; Email Address: malvarad@aer.com; Lonsdale, C. R. 1; Macintyre, H. L. 2; Bian, H. 3,4; Chin, M. 5; Ridley, D. A. 6; Heald, C. L. 6,7; Thornhill, K. L. 8; Anderson, B. E. 8; Cubison, M. J. 9,10,11; Jimenez, J. L. 9; Kondo, Y. 12; Sahu, L. K. 12; Dibb, J. E. 13; Wang, C. 2; Affiliations: 1: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, Massachusetts, USA.; 2: Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; 3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.,; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.; 6: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; 7: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA.; 9: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; 10: Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK.; 11: Tofwerk AG, Thun, Switzerland.; 12: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.; 13: Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA.; Issue Info: 2/5/2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Thesaurus Term: Light; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Parameterization; Subject Term: Scattering (Physics); Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 52p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2015-935
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pusede, S. E.
AU  - Duffey, K. C.
AU  - Shusterman, A. A.
AU  - Saleh, A.
AU  - Laughner, J. L.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Parworth, C. L.
AU  - Kim, H.
AU  - Capps, S. L.
AU  - Valin, L. C.
AU  - Cappa, C. D.
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Walega, J.
AU  - Nowak, J. B.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Hoff, R. M.
AU  - Berkoff, T. A.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Olson, J.
T1  - On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2575
EP  - 2596
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Nitrogen oxides (NOx/have fallen steadily across the US over the last 15 years. At the same time, NOx concentrations decrease on weekends relative to weekdays, largely without co-occurring changes in other gas-phase emissions, due to patterns of diesel truck activities. These trends taken together provide two independent constraints on the role of NOx in the nonlinear chemistry of atmospheric oxidation. In this context, we interpret interannual trends in wintertime ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3/ in the San Joaquin Valley of California, a location with the worst aerosol pollution in the US and where a large portion of aerosol mass is NH4NO3. Here, we show that NOx reductions have simultaneously decreased nighttime and increased daytime NH4NO3 production over the last decade. We find a substantial decrease in NH4NO3 since 2000 and conclude that this decrease is due to reduced nitrate radical-initiated production at night in residual layers that are decoupled from fresh emissions at the surface. Further reductions in NOx are imminent in California, and nationwide, and we make a quantitative prediction of the response of NH4NO3. We show that the combination of rapid chemical production and efficient NH4NO3 loss via deposition of gas-phase nitric acid implies that high aerosol days in cities in the San Joaquin Valley air basin are responsive to local changes in NOx within those individual cities. Our calculations indicate that large decreases in NOx in the future will not only lower wintertime NH4NO3 concentrations but also cause a transition in the dominant NH4NO3 source from nighttime to daytime chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Nitrogen oxides emission control
KW  - Ammonium nitrate
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Gas phase reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 114194620; Pusede, S. E. 1,2; Duffey, K. C. 1; Shusterman, A. A. 1; Saleh, A. 1; Laughner, J. L. 1; Wooldridge, P. J. 1; Zhang, Q. 3; Parworth, C. L. 3; Kim, H. 4; Capps, S. L. 5; Valin, L. C. 6; Cappa, C. D. 7; Fried, A. 8; Walega, J. 8; Nowak, J. B. 9; Weinheimer, A. J. 10; Hoff, R. M. 11; Berkoff, T. A. 12; Beyersdorf, A. J. 12; Olson, J. 12; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; 3: Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 4: Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea; 5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 6: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA; 7: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 8: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 9: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Billerica, MA 01821, USA; 10: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 11: Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; 12: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p2575; Thesaurus Term: Nitrogen oxides emission control; Thesaurus Term: Ammonium nitrate; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Gas phase reactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-2575-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=114194620&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zivan, Ohad
AU  - Segal-Rosenheimer, Michal
AU  - Dubowski, Yael
T1  - Airborne organophosphate pesticides drift in Mediterranean climate: The importance of secondary drift.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 127
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 162
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Pesticide application is a short-term air-pollution episode with near and far field effects due to atmospheric drift. In order to better evaluate resulting air concentrations in nearby communities following pesticide application, measurements of airborne pesticides were conducted at ∼70 m from field edge. This was done following three different application events of the organophosphate pesticide Chlorpyrifos in a persimmon orchard. Complementary information on larger spatial scale was obtained using CALPUFF modeling in which application and meteorological data was used to better evaluate dispersion patterns. Measurements indicated high airborne concentrations during application hours (few μg m −3 for 8 h average), which dropped to tens of ng m −3 in the following days. Measured atmospheric concentrations show that secondary drift (i.e., post-application drift) involves significant loads of pesticides and hence should not be ignored in exposure considerations. Furthermore, CALPUFF modeling revealed the complex dispersion pattern when weak winds prevailed, and showed that during the 24 h after application air concentrations reached levels above the hourly Texas effect screening level (0.1 μg m −3 ). Interestingly, weak winds on the night after application resulted in a secondary peak in measured and modeled air concentrations. Long exposure time (when secondary drift is considered) and concentrations measured following such common air-assisted orchard application, suggest pesticide drift may have health repercussions that are currently unknown, and emphasize the need for further epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mediterranean climate
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Chlorpyrifos
KW  - Cholinesterases
KW  - Urethane foam
KW  - Airborne pesticides measurements
KW  - CALPUFF
KW  - CP Chlorpyrifos
KW  - CPO Chlorpyrifos oxon
KW  - DDVP Dichlorvos
KW  - ESL Effect screening level
KW  - LPM Liters per minute
KW  - Pesticide drift
KW  - PUF Polyurethane foam
KW  - RH Relative humidity
KW  - Secondary drift
KW  - VP Vapor pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 112197341; Zivan, Ohad 1; Email Address: zivan@campus.technion.ac.il; Segal-Rosenheimer, Michal 2; Email Address: michal.segalrozenhaimer@nasa.gov; Dubowski, Yael 1; Email Address: yaeld@technion.ac.il; Affiliations: 1: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel; 2: Sunphotometer-Satellite Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Bldg, 245, Rm. 280-S Moffett Field, CA, 94035-0001, USA; Issue Info: Feb2016, Vol. 127, p155; Thesaurus Term: Mediterranean climate; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Chlorpyrifos; Subject Term: Cholinesterases; Subject Term: Urethane foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne pesticides measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALPUFF; Author-Supplied Keyword: CP Chlorpyrifos; Author-Supplied Keyword: CPO Chlorpyrifos oxon; Author-Supplied Keyword: DDVP Dichlorvos; Author-Supplied Keyword: ESL Effect screening level; Author-Supplied Keyword: LPM Liters per minute; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pesticide drift; Author-Supplied Keyword: PUF Polyurethane foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: RH Relative humidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Secondary drift; Author-Supplied Keyword: VP Vapor pressure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yates, E.L.
AU  - Iraci, L.T.
AU  - Singh, H.B.
AU  - Tanaka, T.
AU  - Roby, M.C.
AU  - Hamill, P.
AU  - Clements, C.B.
AU  - Lareau, N.
AU  - Contezac, J.
AU  - Blake, D.R.
AU  - Simpson, I.J.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Diskin, G.S.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.J.
AU  - Choi, Y.
AU  - Ryerson, T.B.
AU  - Jimenez, J.L.
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, P.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
T1  - Airborne measurements and emission estimates of greenhouse gases and other trace constituents from the 2013 California Yosemite Rim wildfire.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 127
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 302
SN  - 13522310
AB  - This paper presents airborne measurements of multiple atmospheric trace constituents including greenhouse gases (such as CO 2 , CH 4 , O 3 ) and biomass burning tracers (such as CO, CH 3 CN) downwind of an exceptionally large wildfire. In summer 2013, the Rim wildfire, ignited just west of the Yosemite National Park, California, and burned over 250,000 acres of the forest during the 2-month period (17 August to 24 October) before it was extinguished. The Rim wildfire plume was intercepted by flights carried out by the NASA Ames Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) on 29 August and the NASA DC-8, as part of SEAC 4 RS (Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys), on 26 and 27 August during its intense, primary burning period. AJAX revisited the wildfire on 10 September when the conditions were increasingly smoldering, with slower growth. The more extensive payload of the DC-8 helped to bridge key measurements that were not available as part of AJAX (e. g. CO). Data analyses are presented in terms of emission ratios (ER), emission factors (EF) and combustion efficiency and are compared with previous wildfire studies. ERs were 8.0 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 on 26 August, 6.5 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 on 29 August and 18.3 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 on 10 September 2013. The increase in CH 4 ER from 6.5 to 8.0 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 during the primary burning period to 18.3 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 during the fire's slower growth period likely indicates enhanced CH 4 emissions from increased smoldering combustion relative to flaming combustion. Given the magnitude of the Rim wildfire, the impacts it had on regional air quality and the limited sampling of wildfire emissions in the western United States to date, this study provides a valuable dataset to support forestry and regional air quality management, including observations of ERs of a wide number of species from the Rim wildfire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Wildfires
KW  - Flame
KW  - Emission factors
KW  - Enhancement ratios
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Western US
KW  - Wildfire
N1  - Accession Number: 112197337; Yates, E.L. 1; Email Address: emma.l.yates@nasa.gov; Iraci, L.T. 1; Singh, H.B. 1; Tanaka, T. 1; Roby, M.C. 1,2; Hamill, P. 2; Clements, C.B. 2; Lareau, N. 2; Contezac, J. 2; Blake, D.R. 3; Simpson, I.J. 3; Wisthaler, A. 4,5; Mikoviny, T. 5; Diskin, G.S. 6; Beyersdorf, A.J. 6; Choi, Y. 6,7; Ryerson, T.B. 8; Jimenez, J.L. 9; Campuzano-Jost, P. 9; Loewenstein, M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: San José State University, San José, CA, USA; 3: UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 4: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria; 5: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway; 6: NASA Langley, Hampton, VA, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 8: NOAA ESRL Boulder, CO, USA; 9: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: Feb2016, Vol. 127, p293; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Wildfires; Subject Term: Flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enhancement ratios; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trace gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Western US; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Sears, Derek
AU  - Coates, John D.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Brundrett, Maeghan
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Böhlke, J.K.
T1  - Corrigendum to “Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System” [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 430 (2015) 470–476].
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 436
M3  - Article
SP  - 142
EP  - 143
SN  - 0012821X
KW  - Errata (Publishing)
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Chlorates
KW  - Periodicals -- Articles
KW  - Periodical publishing
KW  - Publishers & publishing
KW  - Geology periodicals
N1  - Accession Number: 112346570; Jackson, W. Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.jackson@ttu.edu; Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3; Sears, Derek 3,4; Coates, John D. 5; McKay, Christopher P. 3; Brundrett, Maeghan 1; Estrada, Nubia 1; Böhlke, J.K. 6; Affiliations: 1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA; 2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 5: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 6: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA; Issue Info: Feb2016, Vol. 436, p142; Subject Term: Errata (Publishing); Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Chlorates; Subject Term: Periodicals -- Articles; Subject Term: Periodical publishing; Subject Term: Publishers & publishing; Subject Term: Geology periodicals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511120 Periodical Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511130 Book Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=112346570&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Awerbuch, Jonathan
AU  - Leone, Frank A.
AU  - Ozevin, Didem
AU  - Tan, Tein-Min
T1  - On the applicability of acoustic emission to identify modes of damage in full-scale composite fuselage structures.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 447
EP  - 469
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The acoustic emission method was applied during the testing of six full-scale sandwich composite aircraft fuselage panels containing through-the-thickness notches. The panels were subjected to different combinations of quasi-static internal pressure, the corresponding hoop loads, and longitudinal loads. The applicability of conventional acoustic emission signal feature analysis to identify the dominant modes of failure and extraneous emission in large composite structures was investigated. It was concluded that no clear distinction could be made among the different failure mechanisms based on the conventional acoustic emission signal features alone. Further, emission generated by fretting, either among fracture surfaces or of loading fixtures, has acoustic emission signal waveform features that are similar to those of damage-generated emission signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission -- Research
KW  - QUASISTATIC processes -- Research
KW  - FRETTING corrosion -- Research
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics -- Research
KW  - POLYMERS -- Research
KW  - Acoustic emission
KW  - full-scale testing
KW  - polymer-matrix composites
N1  - Accession Number: 112747956; Awerbuch, Jonathan 1; Leone, Frank A. 2; Email Address: frank.a.leone@nasa.gov; Ozevin, Didem 3; Tan, Tein-Min 1; Source Information: Feb2016, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p447; Subject: ACOUSTIC emission -- Research; Subject: QUASISTATIC processes -- Research; Subject: FRETTING corrosion -- Research; Subject: FRACTURE mechanics -- Research; Subject: POLYMERS -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: full-scale testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer-matrix composites; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 11328
L3  - 10.1177/0021998315576379
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=112747956&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - French, Jason E.
AU  - Blake, David F.
T1  - Discovery of Naturally Etched Fission Tracks and Alpha-Recoil Tracks in Submarine Glasses: Reevaluation of a Putative Biosignature for Earth and Mars.
JO  - International Journal of Geophysics
JF  - International Journal of Geophysics
Y1  - 2016/02/17/
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 50
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1687885X
AB  - Over the last two decades, conspicuously “biogenic-looking” corrosion microtextures have been found to occur globally within volcanic glass of the in situ oceanic crust, ophiolites, and greenstone belts dating back to ~3.5 Ga. These so-called “tubular” and “granular” microtextures are widely interpreted to represent bona fide microbial trace fossils; however, possible nonbiological origins for these complex alteration microtextures have yet to be explored. Here, we reevaluate the origin of these enigmatic microtextures from a strictly nonbiological standpoint, using a case study on submarine glasses from the western North Atlantic Ocean (DSDP 418A). By combining petrographic and SEM observations of corrosion microtextures at the glass-palagonite interface, considerations of the tectonic setting, measurement of U and Th concentrations of fresh basaltic glass by ICP-MS, and theoretical modelling of the present-day distribution of radiation damage in basaltic glass caused by radioactive decay of U and Th, we reinterpret these enigmatic microtextures as the end product of the preferential corrosion/dissolution of radiation damage (alpha-recoil tracks and fission tracks) in the glass by seawater, possibly combined with pressure solution etch-tunnelling. Our findings have important implications for geomicrobiology, astrobiological exploration of Mars, and understanding of the long-term breakdown of nuclear waste glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Geophysics is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fission track dating
KW  - Biosignatures (Origin of life)
KW  - Earth (Planet)
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Obsidian
KW  - Ophiolites
KW  - Trace fossils
N1  - Accession Number: 113628179; French, Jason E. 1; Blake, David F. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E3; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Issue Info: 2/17/2016, p1; Subject Term: Fission track dating; Subject Term: Biosignatures (Origin of life); Subject Term: Earth (Planet); Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Obsidian; Subject Term: Ophiolites; Subject Term: Trace fossils; Number of Pages: 50p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2016/2410573
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113628179&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis M.
AU  - Moses, Robert W.
T1  - FRESH THINKING.
JO  - Aerospace America
JF  - Aerospace America
J1  - Aerospace America
PY  - 2016/03//
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 39
SN  - 0740722X
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE tourism
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 114324270; Source Information: Mar2016, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p34; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE tourism; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 6p; ; Document Type: Article; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhibo Zhang
AU  - Meyer, Kerry
AU  - Hongbin Yu
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - Colarco, Peter
AU  - Zhaoyan Liu
AU  - Oreopoulos, Lazaros
T1  - Shortwave direct radiative effects of above-cloud aerosols over global oceans derived from 8 years of CALIOP and MODIS observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2877
EP  - 2900
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - In this paper, we studied the frequency of occurrence and shortwave direct radiative effects (DREs) of abovecloud aerosols (ACAs) over global oceans using 8 years (2007-2014) of collocated CALIOP and MODIS observations. Similar to previous work, we found high ACA occurrence in four regions: southeastern (SE) Atlantic region, where ACAs are mostly light-absorbing aerosols, i.e., smoke and polluted dust according to CALIOP classification, originating from biomass burning over the African Savanna; tropical northeastern (TNE) Atlantic and the Arabian Sea, where ACAs are predominantly windblown dust from the Sahara and Arabian deserts, respectively; and the northwestern (NW) Pacific, where ACAs are mostly transported smoke and polluted dusts from Asian. From radiative transfer simulations based on CALIOP-MODIS observations and a set of the preselected aerosol optical models, we found the DREs of ACAs at the top of atmosphere (TOA) to be positive (i.e., warming) in the SE Atlantic and NW Pacific regions, but negative (i.e., cooling) in the TNE Atlantic Ocean and the Arabian Sea. The cancellation of positive and negative regional DREs results in a global ocean annual mean diurnally averaged cloudy-sky DRE of 0.015Wm-2 (range of -0.03 to 0.06Wm-2/ at TOA. The DREs at surface and within the atmosphere are -0.15Wm-2 (range of -0.09 to -0.21Wm-2/, and 0.17Wm-2 (range of 0.11 to 0.24Wm-2/, respectively. The regional and seasonal mean DREs are much stronger. For example, in the SE Atlantic region, the JJA (July-August) seasonal mean cloudy-sky DRE is about 0.7Wm-2 (range of 0.2 to 1.2Wm-2/ at TOA. All our DRE computations are publicly available1. The uncertainty in our DRE computations is mainly caused by the uncertainties in the aerosol optical properties, in particular aerosol absorption, the uncertainties in the CALIOP operational aerosol optical thickness retrieval, and the ignorance of cloud and potential aerosol diurnal cycle. In situ and remotely sensed measurements of ACA from future field campaigns and satellite missions and improved lidar retrieval algorithm, in particular vertical feature masking, would help reduce the uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Aerosols (Sprays)
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Shortwave radio
N1  - Accession Number: 113560291; Zhibo Zhang 1,2; Email Address: zhibo.zhang@umbc.edu; Meyer, Kerry 3,4; Hongbin Yu 3,5; Platnick, Steven 3; Colarco, Peter 3; Zhaoyan Liu 6,7; Oreopoulos, Lazaros 3; Affiliations: 1: Physics Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 2: Joint Center of Earth System Technology (JCET), UMBC, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 4: Goddard Earth Science Technology and Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA; 5: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center (ESSIC), University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Lanham, Maryland, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p2877; Thesaurus Term: Aerosols (Sprays); Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Pollution; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Shortwave radio; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 8 Graphs, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-2877-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113560291&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lei Zhu
AU  - Jacob, Daniel J.
AU  - Kim, Patrick S.
AU  - Fisher, Jenny A.
AU  - Karen Yu
AU  - Travis, Katherine R.
AU  - Mickley, Loretta J.
AU  - Yantosca, Robert M.
AU  - Sulprizio, Melissa P.
AU  - De Smedt, Isabelle
AU  - Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo
AU  - Chance, Kelly
AU  - Can Li
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Fried, Alan
AU  - Hair, Johnathan W.
AU  - Hanisco, Thomsa F.
AU  - Richter, Dirk
AU  - Jo Scarino, Amy
AU  - Walega, James
T1  - Observing atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) from space: validation and intercomparison of six retrievals from four satellites (OMI, GOME2A, GOME2B, OMPS) with SEAC4RS aircraft observations over the Southeast US.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Formaldehyde (HCHO) column data from satellites are widely used as a proxy for emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but validation of the data has been extremely limited. Here we use highly accurate HCHO aircraft observations from the NASA SEAC4RS campaign over the Southeast US in August-September 2013 to validate and intercompare six operational and research retrievals of HCHO columns from four different satellite instruments (OMI, GOME2A, GOME2B and OMPS) and three different research groups. The GEOS-Chem chemical transport model provides a common intercomparison platform. We find that all retrievals capture the HCHO maximum over Arkansas and Louisiana, reflecting high emissions of biogenic isoprene, and are consistent in their spatial variability over the Southeast US (r = 0.4-0.8 on a 0.5° × 0.5° grid) as well as their day-to-day variability (r = 0.5-0.8). However, all satellite retrievals are biased low in the mean by 20-51%, which would lead to corresponding bias in estimates of isoprene emissions from the satellite data. The smallest bias is for OMI-BIRA, which has the highest corrected slant columns and the lowest scattering weights in its air mass factor (AMF) calculation. Correcting the assumed HCHO vertical profiles (shape factors) used in the AMF calculation would further reduce the bias in the OMI-BIRA data. We conclude that current satellite HCHO data provide a reliable proxy for isoprene emission variability but with a low mean bias due both to the corrected slant columns and the scattering weights used in the retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Formaldehyde -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 115483862; Lei Zhu 1; Email Address: leizhu@fas.harvard.edu; Jacob, Daniel J. 1,2; Email Address: djacob@fas.harvard.edu; Kim, Patrick S. 2; Email Address: shiki.kim@gmail.com; Fisher, Jenny A. 3,4; Email Address: jennyf@uow.edu.au; Karen Yu 1; Email Address: karenyu@fas.harvard.edu; Travis, Katherine R. 1; Email Address: ktravis@fas.harvard.edu; Mickley, Loretta J. 1; Email Address: mickley@fas.harvard.edu; Yantosca, Robert M. 1; Email Address: yantosca@seas.harvard.edu; Sulprizio, Melissa P. 1; Email Address: mpayer@seas.harvard.edu; De Smedt, Isabelle 5; Email Address: isabelle.desmedt@aeronomie.be; Gonzalez Abad, Gonzalo 6; Email Address: ggonzalezabad@cfa.harvard.edu; Chance, Kelly 6; Email Address: kchance@cfa.harvard.edu; Can Li 7,8; Email Address: can.li@nasa.gov; Ferrare, Richard 9; Email Address: richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov; Fried, Alan 10; Email Address: alan.fried@colorado.edu; Hair, Johnathan W. 9; Email Address: johnathan.w.hair@nasa.gov; Hanisco, Thomsa F. 8; Email Address: thomas.hanisco@nasa.gov; Richter, Dirk 10; Email Address: dirk.richter@colorado.edu; Jo Scarino, Amy 11; Email Address: amy.jo.scarino@nasa.gov; Walega, James 10; Email Address: james.walega@colorado.edu; Affiliations: 1: John A. Paulson S chool of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 3: Centre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; 4: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; 5: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA - IASB), Brussels, Belgium; 6: Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 7: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA; 8: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Green belt, Maryland, USA; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 10: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 11: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Formaldehyde -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Meteorological observations ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-162
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woiwode, Wolfgang
AU  - Höpfner, Michael
AU  - Lei Bi
AU  - Pitts, Michael C.
AU  - Poole, Lamont R.
AU  - Oelhaf, Hermann
AU  - Molleker, Sergej
AU  - Borrmann, Stephan
AU  - Klingebiel, Marcus
AU  - Belyaev, Gennady
AU  - Ebersoldt, Andreas
AU  - Griessbach, Sabine
AU  - Grooβ, Jens-Uwe
AU  - Gulde, Thomas
AU  - Krämer, Martina
AU  - Maucher, Guido
AU  - Piesch, Christof
AU  - Rolf, Christian
AU  - Sartorius, Christian
AU  - Spang, Reinhold
T1  - Spectroscopic evidence for large aspherical β-NAT particles involved in denitrification in the December 2011 Arctic stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 44
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We analyse polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) signatures in airborne MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding - STRatospheric aircraft) observations under conditions suitable for the existence of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) above northern Scandinavia on 11 December 2011. The high resolution infrared limb emission spectra of MIPAS-STR show a characteristic "shoulder-like" signature in the spectral region around 820 cm-1, which is attributed to the ν2 deformation mode of NO3- in β-NAT. Using radiative transfer calculations involving Mie and T-Matrix methods, the spectral signatures of spherical and aspherical particles are simulated. The simulations are constrained using collocated in-situ particle measurements. Simulations assuming highly aspherical spheroids with aspect ratios (AR) of 0.1 or 10.0 and a lognormal particle mode with a mode radius of 4.8 µm reproduce the observed spectra to a high degree. A smaller lognormal mode with a mode radius of 2.0 µm, which was also taken into account, plays only a minor role. Best overall agreement is found for elongated spheroids with AR = 0.1. Simulations of spherical particles and spheroids with AR = 0.5 and 2.0 return results very similar to each other and do not allow to reproduce the signature around 820 cm-1. The observed "shoulder-like" signature is explained by the combination of the emission and scattering characteristics of large highly aspherical β-NAT particles. The size distribution supported by our results corresponds with ~9 ppbv of gas-phase equivalent HNO3 at the flight altitude of ~18.5 km. The results are compared with the size distributions derived from the in-situ observations, a corresponding Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulation, and excess gas-phase HNO3 observed in a nitrification layer directly below the observed PSC. The presented results suggest that large highly aspherical β-NAT particles involved in denitrification of the polar stratosphere can be identified by means of passive infrared limb emission measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Polar stratospheric clouds
KW  - Atmospheric acoustics
KW  - Aspherical lenses
KW  - Nitric acid
N1  - Accession Number: 115483855; Woiwode, Wolfgang 1; Email Address: wolfgang.woiwode@kit.edu; Höpfner, Michael 1; Email Address: michael.hoepfner@kit.edu; Lei Bi 2,3; Email Address: bilei@zju.edu.cn; Pitts, Michael C. 4; Email Address: michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov; Poole, Lamont R. 5; Email Address: lamont.r.poole@nasa.gov; Oelhaf, Hermann 1; Email Address: Hermann.Oelhaf@kit.edu; Molleker, Sergej 6; Email Address: molleker@uni-mainz.de; Borrmann, Stephan 6,7; Email Address: stephan.borrmann@mpic.de; Klingebiel, Marcus 7,8; Email Address: klingebi@uni-mainz.de; Belyaev, Gennady 9; Email Address: bgv@emz-m.ru; Ebersoldt, Andreas 10; Email Address: andreas.ebersoldt@kit.edu; Griessbach, Sabine 11; Email Address: s.griessbach@fz-juelich.de; Grooβ, Jens-Uwe 12; Email Address: j.-u.grooss@fz-juelich.de; Gulde, Thomas 1; Email Address: thomas.gulde@kit.edu; Krämer, Martina 12; Email Address: m.kraemer@fz-juelich.de; Maucher, Guido 1; Email Address: guido.maucher@kit.edu; Piesch, Christof 1; Email Address: christof.piesch@kit.edu; Rolf, Christian 12; Email Address: c.rolf@fz-juelich.de; Sartorius, Christian 1; Email Address: christian.sartorius@partner.kit.edu; Spang, Reinhold 12; Email Address: r.spang@fz-juelich.de; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; 3: now at: School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310027; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681, USA; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, Virginia, 23666, USA; 6: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Particle Chemistry Department, Mainz, Germany; 7: Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere (IPA), University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 8: now at: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 9: Myasishchev Design Bureau, Zhukovsky-5, Moscow Region, Russia; 10: Institute for Data Processing and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 11: Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; 12: Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p1; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Polar stratospheric clouds; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric acoustics; Subject Term: Aspherical lenses; Subject Term: Nitric acid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-146
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115483855&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cai, Chenxia
AU  - Kulkarni, Sarika
AU  - Zhao, Zhan
AU  - Kaduwela, Ajith P.
AU  - Avise, Jeremy C.
AU  - DaMassa, John A.
AU  - Singh, Hanwant B.
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
AU  - Cohen, Ronald C.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Wennberg, Paul
AU  - Dibb, Jack E.
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Wisthaler, Armin
AU  - Jimenez, Jose L.
AU  - Cubison, Michael J.
T1  - Simulating reactive nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and ozone in California during ARCTAS-CARB 2008 with high wildfire activity.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 128
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 44
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Predictions of O 3 , CO, total NO y and individual NO y species (NO, NO 2 , HNO 3 , PAN, alkyl nitrates and aerosol nitrate) from a fine resolution regional air quality modeling system for the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB) of California are presented and evaluated for the 2008 ARCTAS-CARB campaign. The measurements of the chemical compounds from the fire plumes during the field campaign allow for the evaluation of the model's ability to simulate fire-influenced air masses as well. In general, the model successfully simulated the broad spatial distribution of chemical compounds in both air basins as well as the variation within the basins. Using inventories that reflect 2008 emissions levels, the model performed well in simulating NO x (NO + NO 2 ) in SoCAB. Therefore, the under prediction of O 3 over these areas is more likely caused by uncertainties with the VOC emissions, chemistry, or discrepancies in the meteorology. The model did not capture the relatively high levels of O 3 , and some reactive nitrogen species that were measured off shore of the SoCAB, indicating potential missing sources or the transport from on shore to off shore was not successfully captured. In SJVAB, the model had good performance in simulating different chemical compounds in the Fresno and Arvin areas. However, enhanced concentrations of O 3 , NO x , HNO 3 and PAN near dairy farms were significantly underestimated in the model. Negative biases also exist for O 3 and HNO 3 near oil fields, suggesting larger uncertainties associated with these emission sources. While the model simulated the total NO y mixing ratios reasonably well, the prediction for partitioning between individual compounds showed larger uncertainties in the model simulation. Although the fire emissions inventory was updated to include the latest emissions estimates and speciation profiles, our model shows limited improvement in simulating the enhancement of O 3 , CO, and PAN under fire impact as compared to a previous version of the modeling system. Further improvements in simulating fire emissions, especially the timing and the plume injection heights, are desired in order to better simulate the impact of fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Wildfires
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Basins (Geology)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Reactive nitrogen species
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Reactive nitrogen
KW  - San Joaquin valley
KW  - South coast air basin
N1  - Accession Number: 112705446; Cai, Chenxia 1; Email Address: Chenxia.Cai@arb.ca.gov; Kulkarni, Sarika 1; Zhao, Zhan 1; Kaduwela, Ajith P. 1,2; Avise, Jeremy C. 1,3; DaMassa, John A. 1; Singh, Hanwant B. 4; Weinheimer, Andrew J. 5; Cohen, Ronald C. 6,7; Diskin, Glenn S. 8; Wennberg, Paul 9,10; Dibb, Jack E. 11; Huey, Greg 12; Wisthaler, Armin 13; Jimenez, Jose L. 14,15; Cubison, Michael J. 15; Affiliations: 1: Air Quality Planning and Science Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA; 2: Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 3: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 9: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA; 10: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA; 11: Earth System Research Center, Institute for the Study of the Earth, Ocean and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA; 12: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 13: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 14: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; 15: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Issue Info: Mar2016, Vol. 128, p28; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Wildfires; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Basins (Geology); Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Reactive nitrogen species; Subject Term: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: South coast air basin; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=112705446&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rovai, A. S.
AU  - Riul, P.
AU  - Twilley, R. R.
AU  - Castañeda-Moya, E.
AU  - Rivera-Monroy, V. H.
AU  - Williams, A. A.
AU  - Simard, M.
AU  - Cifuentes-Jara, M.
AU  - Lewis, R. R.
AU  - Crooks, S.
AU  - Horta, P. A.
AU  - Schaeffer-Novelli, Y.
AU  - Cintrón, G.
AU  - Pozo-Cajas, M.
AU  - Pagliosa, P. R.
T1  - Scaling mangrove aboveground biomass from site-level to continental-scale.
JO  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
JF  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 286
EP  - 298
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 1466822X
AB  - Aim We developed a set of statistical models to improve spatial estimates of mangrove aboveground biomass ( AGB) based on the environmental signature hypothesis ( ESH). We hypothesized that higher tidal amplitudes, river discharge, temperature, direct rainfall and decreased potential evapotranspiration explain observed high mangrove AGB. Location Neotropics and a small portion of the Nearctic region. Methods A universal forest model based on site-level forest structure statistics was validated to spatially interpolate estimates of mangrove biomass at different locations. Linear models were then used to predict mangrove AGB across the Neotropics. Results The universal forest site-level model was effective in estimating mangrove AGB using pre-existing mangrove forest structure inventories to validate the model. We confirmed our hypothesis that at continental scales higher tidal amplitudes contributed to high forest biomass associated with high temperature and rainfall, and low potential evapotranspiration. Our model explained 20% of the spatial variability in mangrove AGB, with values ranging from 16.6 to 627.0 t ha−1 (mean, 88.7 t ha−1). Our findings show that mangrove AGB has been overestimated by 25-50% in the Neotropics, underscoring a commensurate bias in current published global estimates using site-level information. Main conclusions Our analysis show how the ESH significantly explains spatial variability in mangrove AGB at hemispheric scales. This finding is critical to improve and explain site-level estimates of mangrove AGB that are currently used to determine the relative contribution of mangrove wetlands to global carbon budgets. Due to the lack of a conceptual framework explicitly linking environmental drivers and mangrove AGB values during model validation, previous works have significantly overestimated mangrove AGB; our novel approach improved these assessments. In addition, our framework can potentially be applied to other forest-dominated ecosystems by allowing the retrieval of extensive databases at local levels to generate more robust statistical predictive models to estimate continental-scale biomass values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Ecology & Biogeography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mangrove plants
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Parameter estimation
KW  - Latin America
KW  - Allometric models
KW  - carbon stock
KW  - climate change
KW  - coastal management policies
KW  - macroecology
KW  - mangrove forest structure
KW  - Neotropics
N1  - Accession Number: 113307526; Rovai, A. S. 1; Riul, P. 2; Twilley, R. R. 3; Castañeda-Moya, E. 3; Rivera-Monroy, V. H. 3; Williams, A. A. 3; Simard, M. 4; Cifuentes-Jara, M. 5; Lewis, R. R. 6; Crooks, S. 7; Horta, P. A. 1,8; Schaeffer-Novelli, Y. 9; Cintrón, G. 10; Pozo-Cajas, M. 11; Pagliosa, P. R. 1,12; Affiliations: 1: Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 2: Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Paraíba; 3: Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, School of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University; 4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 5: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE); 6: Lewis Environmental Services, Inc.; 7: Environmental Science Associates; 8: Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 9: Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo; 10: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 11: Facultad de Ciencias Marítimas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral; 12: Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Issue Info: Mar2016, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p286; Thesaurus Term: Mangrove plants; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Biomass; Thesaurus Term: Evapotranspiration; Subject Term: Parameter estimation; Subject: Latin America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Allometric models; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon stock; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: coastal management policies; Author-Supplied Keyword: macroecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: mangrove forest structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neotropics; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/geb.12409
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113307526&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gupta, K. K.
AU  - Choi, S. B.
AU  - Ibrahim, H.
T1  - Development-Fluid-Dynamics-Based Aerothermoelastic Simulation Capability with Application to Flight Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/03//
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 360
EP  - 368
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Aerodynamic heating on structural surfaces plays an important role in the aeroelastic stability of flight vehicles, particularly in a high-temperature environment. The thermal effects of high-speed flow, obtained from a heat-conduction analysis, at the end of an unsteady time step are incorporated in the model solution, which in turn affects the unsteady flow arising out of interaction of the elastic structure with the air. This paper describes the development, implementation, and application of a highly integrated computational-fluid-dynamics-based aerothermoelastic analysis capability and the resulting code. The associated methodology employs the common finite element discretization for both fluid and structure disciplines using unstructured grids. An aeroelastic matrix formulation that uses a transpiration technique in lieu of aerodynamics mesh updating affects an efficient and accurate simulation of the aerothermoelastic phenomenon. The first example problem of a cantilever wing demonstrates the possible severity of thermal effects on a flutter mechanism. The second example of the X-43 hypersonic flight vehicle shows that the current procedure and the code can effectively solve complex practical problems with moderate computational resources. The accuracy and relative efficiency of the computational-fluid-dynamics and structural solutions are verified using actual flight and ground vibration tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - THERMOELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - HIGH temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 114582037; Source Information: Mar2016, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p360; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 9p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033346
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=114582037&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Lee, Sam
AU  - Clark, Catherine
T1  - Aerodynamic Effects of Anti-Icing Fluids on a Thin High-Performance Wing Section.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/03//
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 451
EP  - 462
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Federal Aviation Administration has worked with Transport Canada and others to develop allowance times for aircraft operating in ice-pellet precipitation based upon wind-tunnel experiments with a thin high-performance wing. These allowance times are applicable to many different airplanes. Therefore, the aim of this work is to characterize the aerodynamic behavior of the wing section in order to better understand the adverse aerodynamic effects of anti-icing fluids and ice-pellet contamination. Aerodynamic performance tests, boundary-layer surveys, and flow visualization were conducted at a Reynolds number of approximately 6.0 × 106 and a Mach number of 0.12. Roughness and leading-edge flow disturbances were employed to simulate the aerodynamic impact of the anti-icing fluids and contamination. In the linear portion of the lift curve, the primary aerodynamic effect is the thickening of the downstream boundary layer due to the accumulation of fluid and contamination. This causes a reduction in lift coefficient and an increase in pitching moment (nose up) due to an effective decambering of the wing. The stalling characteristics of the wing with fluid and contamination appear to be driven at least partially by the effects of a secondary wave of fluid that forms near the leading edge as the wing is rotated in the simulated takeoff profile. These results have provided a much more complete understanding of the adverse aerodynamic effects of anti-icing fluids and ice-pellet contamination on this wing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ICE prevention & control
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - CANADA. Transport Canada
N1  - Accession Number: 114582046; Source Information: Mar2016, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p451; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ICE prevention & control; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: CANADA. Transport Canada; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033384
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=114582046&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Michael A.
AU  - Morgenstern, John M.
T1  - Summary and Statistical Analysis of the First AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/03//
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 578
EP  - 598
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A summary is provided for the First AIAA Sonic Boom Workshop held 11 January 2014 in conjunction with AIAA SciTech 2014. Near-field pressure signatures extracted from computational-fluid-dynamics solutions are gathered from 19 participants (representing three countries) for the two required cases: an axisymmetric body and a simple delta-wing configuration. Structured multiblock, unstructured mixed-element, unstructured tetrahedral, overset, and Cartesian cut-cell methods are used by the participants. Participants provided signatures computed on a series of uniformly refined workshop provided grids and participant-generated and solution-adapted grids. These submissions are propagated to the ground, and noise measures are computed. This allows the grid convergence of a noise measure and a validation metric (difference norm between computed and wind-tunnel-measured near-field signatures) to be studied for the first time. A statistical analysis is also presented for these measures. An optional configuration includes fuselage, wing, tail, flow-through nacelles, and blade sting. More variation in computed noise measures are observed for this full configuration than the required cases. Recommendations are provided for potential improvements to the analysis methods and a possible subsequent workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - AMERICAN Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 114582055; Source Information: Mar2016, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p578; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: AMERICAN Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 21p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033449
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=114582055&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 113263791
T1  - FT-Raman Spectroscopy Study of the Remineralization of Microwave-Exposed Artificial Caries.
AU  - Kerr, J. E.
AU  - Arndt, G. D.
AU  - Byerly, D. L.
AU  - Rubinovitz, R.
AU  - Theriot, C. A.
AU  - Stangel, I.
Y1  - 2016/03//
N1  - Accession Number: 113263791. Language: English. Entry Date: 20160625. Revision Date: 20160708. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Blind Peer Reviewed; Expert Peer Reviewed; Peer Reviewed; USA. Instrumentation: Six-Dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (6-D Scale) (Schwirian). NLM UID: 0354343. 
KW  - Microwaves -- Therapeutic Use
KW  - Tooth Remineralization -- Methods
KW  - Dental Caries -- Radiotherapy
KW  - Dental Enamel
KW  - Minerals -- Analysis
KW  - Spectrum Analysis, Raman
KW  - Dental Enamel -- Radiation Effects
KW  - Dental Caries -- Microbiology
KW  - Materials Testing
KW  - Dental Caries -- Metabolism
KW  - Tomography, X-Ray Computed -- Methods
KW  - Time Factors
KW  - Streptococcus Mutans -- Radiation Effects
KW  - Microbiologic Phenomena -- Radiation Effects
KW  - Crystallography
KW  - Biofilms -- Radiation Effects
KW  - Spectrophotometry, Infrared
KW  - Scales
SP  - 342
EP  - 348
JO  - Journal of Dental Research
JF  - Journal of Dental Research
JA  - J DENT RES
VL  - 95
IS  - 3
CY  - Thousand Oaks, California
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
AB  - Dental caries is a microbially mediated disease that can result in significant tooth structure degradation. Although the preponderance of lesions is treated by surgical intervention, various strategies have been developed for its noninvasive management. Here, we use a novel approach for noninvasive treatment based on killing Streptococcus mutans with high-frequency microwave energy (ME). The rationale for this approach is based on modulating the pH of caries to a physiological state to enable spontaneous tooth remineralization from exogenous sources. In the present study, after demonstrating that ME kills >99% of S. mutans in planktonic cultures, 8 enamel slabs were harvested from a single tooth. Baseline mineral concentration at each of 12 points per slab was obtained using Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy. Surface demineralization was subsequently promoted by subjecting all samples to an S. mutans acidic biofilm for 6 d. Half of the samples were then exposed to high-frequency ME, and the other half were used as controls. All samples were next subjected to a remineralization protocol consisting of two 45-min exposures per 24-h period in tryptic soy broth followed by immersion in a remineralizing solution for the remaining period. After 10 d, samples were removed and cleaned. FT-Raman spectra were again obtained at the same 12 points per sample, and the mineral concentration was determined. The effect of the remineralization protocol on the demineralized slabs was expressed as a percentage of mineral loss or gain relative to baseline. The mineral concentration of the microwave-exposed group collectively approached 100% of baseline values, while that of the control group was in the order of 40%. Differences between groups were significant (P = 0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). We concluded that killing of S. mutans by ME promotes effective remineralization of S. mutans-demineralized enamel compared with controls.
SN  - 0022-0345
AD  - Department of Biology, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, USA
AD  - Biomedical Engineering for Exploration Space Technology Laboratory, Engineering Laboratory, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX, USA
AD  - Thermo Fisher Scientific, Lanham, MD, USA
AD  - Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
AD  - BioMat Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
U2  - PMID: 26647390.
DO  - 10.1177/0022034515619370
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=113263791&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Searby, Nancy
AU  - Ross, Kenton
T1  - Increasing the Impacts of Capacity Building for Remote Sensing Applications.
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
M3  - Opinion
SP  - 179
EP  - 180
SN  - 00991112
AB  - The article discusses how the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is working to improve the use of remote sensing through its Capacity Building Program (CBP). Topics discussed include three elements of CBP which include Applied Remote Sensing Training (ARSET), DEVELOP and SERVIR, the efforts of NASA to engage social scientists in the use of Earth science information and observations, and the capacity building goals of NASA which include inform, consult and collaborate.
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Earth sciences -- Remote sensing
KW  - Occupational training
KW  - Social scientists
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 113829431; Searby, Nancy 1; Email Address: nancy.d.searby@nasa.gov; Ross, Kenton 2; Email Address: kenton.w.ross@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Capacity Building Program Manager for NASA Applied Sciences Program, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC; 2: National Science Advisor for NASA DEVELOP Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Mar2016, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p179; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Earth sciences -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: Occupational training; Subject Term: Social scientists ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Opinion
L3  - 10.14358/PERS.82.3.179
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113829431&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghosh, Payal
AU  - Behnke, Brad J.
AU  - Stabley, John N.
AU  - Kilar, Cody R.
AU  - Park, Yoonjung
AU  - Narayanan, Anand
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman
AU  - Schreurs, Ann-Sofie
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Delp, Michael D
T1  - Effects of High-LET Radiation Exposure and Hindlimb Unloading on Skeletal Muscle Resistance Artery Vasomotor Properties and Cancellous Bone Microarchitecture in Mice.
JO  - Radiation Research
JF  - Radiation Research
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 185
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 266
PB  - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.
SN  - 00337587
AB  - Weightlessness during spaceflight leads to functional changes in resistance arteries and loss of cancellous bone, which may be potentiated by radiation exposure. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of hindlimb unloading (HU) and total-body irradiation (TBI) on the vasomotor responses of skeletal muscle arteries. Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to control, HU (13-16 days), TBI (1 Gy 56Fe, 600 MeV, 10 cGy/min) and HU-TBI groups. Gastrocnemius muscle feed arteries were isolated for in vitro study. Endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine) and -independent (Dea-NONOate) vasodilator and vasoconstrictor (KCl, phenylephrine and myogenic) responses were evaluated. Arterial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) and xanthine oxidase (XO) protein content and tibial cancellous bone microarchitecture were quantified. Endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilator responses were impaired in all groups relative to control, and acetylcholine-induced vasodilation was lower in the HU-TBI group relative to that in the HU and TBI groups. Reductions in endothelium-dependent vasodilation correlated with a lower cancellous bone volume fraction. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition abolished all group differences in endothelium-dependent vasodilation. HU and HU-TBI resulted in decreases in eNOS protein levels, while TBI and HU-TBI produced lower SOD-1 and higher XO protein content. Vasoconstrictor responses were not altered. Reductions in NO bioavailability (eNOS), lower anti-oxidant capacity (SOD-1) and higher pro-oxidant capacity (XO) may contribute to the deficits in NOS signaling in skeletal muscle resistance arteries. These findings suggest that the combination of insults experienced in spaceflight leads to impairment of vasodilator function in resistance arteries that is mediated through deficits in NOS signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Research is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Hindlimb
KW  - Skeletal muscle
KW  - Vasomotor conditioning
KW  - Superoxide dismutase
N1  - Accession Number: 113970469; Ghosh, Payal 1; Behnke, Brad J. 2; Stabley, John N. 3; Kilar, Cody R. 4; Park, Yoonjung 5; Narayanan, Anand 6; Alwood, Joshua S. 7; Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman 7; Schreurs, Ann-Sofie 7; Globus, Ruth K. 7; Delp, Michael D 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306;; 2: Department of Kinesiology and the Johnson Cancer Research Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506;; 3: Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390;; 4: Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611;; 5: Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204;; 6: Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas 77807; and; 7: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Issue Info: Mar2016, Vol. 185 Issue 3, p257; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Subject Term: Hindlimb; Subject Term: Skeletal muscle; Subject Term: Vasomotor conditioning; Subject Term: Superoxide dismutase; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1667/RR4308.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113970469&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiley, Patrick E.
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - Clarification of algae-laden water using electrochemical processes.
JO  - Water Science & Technology: Water Supply
JF  - Water Science & Technology: Water Supply
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 314
EP  - 323
SN  - 16069749
AB  - Algae contamination of surface water and drinking water supplies is a significant problem particularly in rural areas. A decentralized inexpensive technology that would effectively remove algae from water would be beneficial. Electrocoagulation (EC) combined with electroflotation (EF) as a single process (ECF) is a promising algae harvesting technique with no moving parts that may be powered using a modest array of photovoltaic panels if a low power system can be developed. Here, an ECF system was constructed to study the energy required to remove algae from a simulated drinking water supply. Results from 18 ECF experiments indicated a >95% improvement of water clarity measured by optical density (OD750) could be achieved with as little energy as 1.25 kWh m-3. The key was to find the ideal combination of gas bubbles produced by EF (G) and coagulant from the EC relative to the concentration of suspended solids (S). The ideal gas to solids (G/S) ratio for the ECF system ranged from 0.09 to 0.17. In solutions containing chloride (Cl-) ions ECF produced chlorine gas which is known to contribute to disinfection. Results suggest that ECF can efficiently remove algae and simultaneously contribute to disinfecting contaminated drinking water supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Water Science & Technology: Water Supply is the property of IWA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Contamination of drinking water
KW  - Water supply
KW  - Electrochemistry
KW  - Suspended solids
KW  - Algae -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Electrocoagulation
KW  - algae
KW  - disinfection
KW  - drinking water
KW  - electrocoagulation
KW  - electroflotation
N1  - Accession Number: 114448931; Wiley, Patrick E. 1; Email Address: pwiley@ksdistrict.org; Trent, Jonathan D. 2; Affiliations: 1: Kennebunk Sewer District, 71 Water Street, Kennebunk, ME 04043, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p314; Thesaurus Term: Contamination of drinking water; Thesaurus Term: Water supply; Thesaurus Term: Electrochemistry; Thesaurus Term: Suspended solids; Subject Term: Algae -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Electrocoagulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: algae; Author-Supplied Keyword: disinfection; Author-Supplied Keyword: drinking water; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrocoagulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: electroflotation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112510 Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112519 Other Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2166/ws.2015.140
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=114448931&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Müller, Markus
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Eichler, Philipp
AU  - Fried, Alan
AU  - Keutsch, Frank N.
AU  - Mikoviny, Tomas
AU  - Thornhill, Kenneth L.
AU  - Walega, James G.
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
AU  - Melissa Yang
AU  - Yokelson, Robert J.
AU  - Wisthaler, Armin
T1  - In situ measurements and modeling of reactive trace gases in a small biomass burning plume.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/03/15/
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3813
EP  - 3824
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - An instrumented NASA P-3B aircraft was used for airborne sampling of trace gases in a plume that had emanated from a small forest understory fire in Georgia, USA. The plume was sampled at its origin to derive emission factors and followed ~13.6 km downwind to observe chemical changes during the first hour of atmospheric aging. The P-3B payload included a proton-transfer-reaction timeof- flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS), which measured non-methane organic gases (NMOGs) at unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution (10m spatial / 0.1 s temporal). Quantitative emission data are reported for CO2, CO, NO, NO2, HONO, NH3, and 16NMOGs (formaldehyde, methanol, acetonitrile, propene, acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone plus its isomer propanal, acetic acid plus its isomer glycolaldehyde, furan, isoprene plus isomeric pentadienes and cyclopentene, methyl vinyl ketone plus its isomers crotonaldehyde and methacrolein, methylglyoxal, hydroxy acetone plus its isomers methyl acetate and propionic acid, benzene, 2,3-butanedione, and 2-furfural) with molar emission ratios relative to CO larger than 1 ppbV ppmV-1. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2-furfural, and methanol dominated NMOG emissions. No NMOGs with more than 10 carbon atoms were observed at mixing ratios larger than 50 pptV ppmV-1 CO. Downwind plume chemistry was investigated using the observations and a 0-D photochemical box model simulation. The model was run on a nearly explicit chemical mechanism (MCM v3.3) and initialized with measured emission data. Ozone formation during the first hour of atmospheric aging was well captured by the model, with carbonyls (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, 2,3-butanedione, methylglyoxal, 2-furfural) in addition to CO and CH4 being the main drivers of peroxy radical chemistry. The model also accurately reproduced the sequestration of NOx into peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) and the OH-initiated degradation of furan and 2-furfural at an average OH concentration of 7.45±1.07 106 cm-3 in the plume. Formaldehyde, acetone/propanal, acetic acid/glycolaldehyde, and maleic acid/maleic anhydride (tentatively identified) were found to be the main NMOGs to increase during 1 h of atmospheric plume processing, with the model being unable to capture the observed increase. A mass balance analysis suggests that about 50% of the aerosol mass formed in the downwind plume is organic in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Spatiotemporal processes
KW  - Proton transfer reactions
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 114075049; Müller, Markus 1,2; Anderson, Bruce E. 3; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 3; Crawford, James H. 3; Diskin, Glenn S. 3; Eichler, Philipp 1; Fried, Alan 4; Keutsch, Frank N. 5; Mikoviny, Tomas 6; Thornhill, Kenneth L. 3,7; Walega, James G. 4; Weinheimer, Andrew J. 8; Melissa Yang 3; Yokelson, Robert J. 2; Wisthaler, Armin 1,6; Email Address: armin.wisthaler@uibk.ac.at; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 2: Department of Chemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 8: Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 6, p3813; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Subject Term: Spatiotemporal processes; Subject Term: Proton transfer reactions ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-3813-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=114075049&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gladstone, G. Randall
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Olkin, Catherine B.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Summers, Michael E.
AU  - Strobel, Darrell F.
AU  - Hinson, David P.
AU  - Kammer, Joshua A.
AU  - Parker, Alex H.
AU  - Steffl, Andrew J.
AU  - Linscott, Ivan R.
AU  - Parker, Joel Wm.
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Slater, David C.
AU  - Versteeg, Maarten H.
AU  - Greathouse, Thomas K.
AU  - Retherford, Kurt D.
AU  - Throop, Henry
T1  - The atmosphere of Pluto as observed by New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/03/18/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6279
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Observations made during the New Horizons flyby provide a detailed snapshot of the current state of Pluto's atmosphere. Whereas the lower atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 200 kilometers) is consistent with ground-based stellar occultations, the upper atmosphere is much colder and more compact than indicated by pre-encounter models. Molecular nitrogen (N2) dominates the atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 1800 kilometers or so), whereas methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), and ethane (C2H6) are abundant minor species and likely feed the production of an extensive haze that encompasses Pluto. The cold upper atmosphere shuts off the anticipated enhanced-Jeans, hydrodynamic-like escape of Pluto's atmosphere to space. It is unclear whether the current state of Pluto's atmosphere is representative of its average state--over seasonal or geologic time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Methane
KW  - Acetylene
KW  - Ethanes
KW  - Ethylene
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Pluto (Dwarf planet)
KW  - Haze
KW  - New Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113878531; Gladstone, G. Randall 1,2; Email Address: rgladstone@swri.edu; Stern, S. Alan 3; Ennico, Kimberly 4; Olkin, Catherine B. 3; Weaver, Harold A. 5; Young, Leslie A. 3; Summers, Michael E. 6; Strobel, Darrell F. 7; Hinson, David P. 8; Kammer, Joshua A. 3; Parker, Alex H. 3; Steffl, Andrew J. 3; Linscott, Ivan R. 9; Parker, Joel Wm. 3; Cheng, Andrew F. 5; Slater, David C. 1; Versteeg, Maarten H. 1; Greathouse, Thomas K. 1; Retherford, Kurt D. 1,2; Throop, Henry 7; Affiliations: 1: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA; 2: University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA; 3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 5: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. 6George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; 6: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; 7: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 8: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; 9: Nebraska Wesleyan University, Lincoln, NE 68504, USA; Issue Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6279, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Acetylene; Thesaurus Term: Ethanes; Thesaurus Term: Ethylene; Subject Term: Planetary atmospheres; Subject Term: Pluto (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: Haze ; Company/Entity: New Horizons (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad8866
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113878531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grundy, W. M.
AU  - Binzel, R. P.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Cook, J. C.
AU  - Cruikshank, D. P.
AU  - Dalle Ore, C. M.
AU  - Earle, A. M.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Howett, C. J. A.
AU  - Lunsford, A. W.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Parker, A. H.
AU  - Philippe, S.
AU  - Protopapa, S.
AU  - Quirico, E.
AU  - Reuter, D. C.
AU  - Schmitt, B.
AU  - Singer, K. N.
AU  - Verbiscer, A. J.
AU  - Beyer, R. A.
T1  - Surface compositions across Pluto and Charon.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/03/18/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6279
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The New Horizons spacecraft mapped colors and infrared spectra across the encounter hemispheres of Pluto and Charon. The volatile methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen ices that dominate Pluto's surface have complicated spatial distributions resulting from sublimation, condensation, and glacial flow acting over seasonal and geological time scales. Pluto's water ice "bedrock" was also mapped, with isolated outcrops occurring in a variety of settings. Pluto's surface exhibits complex regional color diversity associated with its distinct provinces. Charon's color pattern is simpler, dominated by neutral low latitudes and a reddish northern polar region. Charon's near-infrared spectra reveal highly localized areas with strong ammonia absorption tied to small craters with relatively fresh-appearing impact ejecta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Ice
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Methane
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Charon (Satellite) -- Surface
KW  - Pluto (Dwarf planet)
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Planetary surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 113878535; Grundy, W. M. 1; Email Address: w.grundy@lowell.edu; Binzel, R. P. 2; Buratti, B. J. 3; Cook, J. C. 4; Cruikshank, D. P. 5; Dalle Ore, C. M. 5,6; Earle, A. M. 2; Ennico, K. 5; Howett, C. J. A. 4; Lunsford, A. W. 7; Olkin, C. B. 4; Parker, A. H. 4; Philippe, S. 8; Protopapa, S. 9; Quirico, E. 8; Reuter, D. C. 7; Schmitt, B. 8; Singer, K. N. 4; Verbiscer, A. J. 10; Beyer, R. A. 5,6; Affiliations: 1: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, La Cañada Flintridge, CA 91011, USA; 4: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 6: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 8: Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France; 9: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 10: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Issue Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6279, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Ammonia; Thesaurus Term: Methane; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Subject Term: Charon (Satellite) -- Surface; Subject Term: Pluto (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: Infrared spectra; Subject Term: Planetary surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad9189
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113878535&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Buie, M. W.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Grundy, W. M.
AU  - Lauer, T. R.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Parker, A. H.
AU  - Porter, S. B.
AU  - Showalter, M. R.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Verbiscer, A. J.
AU  - McKinnon, W. B.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Robbins, S. J.
AU  - Schenk, P.
AU  - Singer, K. N.
AU  - Barnouin, O. S.
AU  - Cheng, A. F.
AU  - Ernst, C. M.
T1  - The small satellites of Pluto as observed by New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/03/18/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6279
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The New Horizons mission has provided resolved measurements of Pluto's moons Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. All four are small, with equivalent spherical diameters of ~40 kilometers for Nix and Hydra and ~10 kilometers for Styx and Kerberos. They are also highly elongated, with maximum to minimum axis ratios of ~2. All four moons have high albedos (~50 to 90%) suggestive of a water-ice surface composition. Crater densities on Nix and Hydra imply surface ages of at least 4 billion years. The small moons rotate much faster than synchronous, with rotational poles clustered nearly orthogonal to the common pole directions of Pluto and Charon. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the small moons formed in the aftermath of a collision that produced the Pluto-Charon binary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Ice
KW  - Pluto (Dwarf planet)
KW  - SATELLITES
KW  - Kerberos (Satellite)
KW  - Charon (Satellite)
KW  - Natural satellites -- Orbits
KW  - Rotational motion
KW  - Collisions (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 113878537; Weaver, H. A. 1; Email Address: hal.weaver@jhuapl.edu; Buie, M. W. 2; Buratti, B. J. 3; Grundy, W. M. 4; Lauer, T. R. 5; Olkin, C. B. 2; Parker, A. H. 2; Porter, S. B. 2; Showalter, M. R. 6; Spencer, J. R. 2; Stern, S. A. 2; Verbiscer, A. J. 7; McKinnon, W. B. 8; Moore, J. M. 9; Robbins, S. J. 2; Schenk, P. 10; Singer, K. N. 2; Barnouin, O. S. 1; Cheng, A. F. 1; Ernst, C. M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 2: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 4: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; 5: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 26732, USA; 6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 7: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; 8: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; 9: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 10: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Issue Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6279, p1; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Subject Term: Pluto (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: SATELLITES; Subject Term: Kerberos (Satellite); Subject Term: Charon (Satellite); Subject Term: Natural satellites -- Orbits; Subject Term: Rotational motion; Subject Term: Collisions (Astrophysics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aae0030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113878537&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Nimmo, Francis
AU  - Singer, Kelsi N.
AU  - Umurhan, Orkan M.
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Olkin, Cathy B.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - Buie, Marc W.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
T1  - The geology of Pluto and Charon through the eyes of New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/03/18/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6279
M3  - Article
SP  - 1284
EP  - 1293
SN  - 00368075
AB  - NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has revealed the complex geology of Pluto and Charon. Pluto's encounter hemisphere shows ongoing surface geological activity centered on a vast basin containing a thick layer of volatile ices that appears to be involved in convection and advection, with a crater retention age no greater than ~10 million years. Surrounding terrains show active glacial flow, apparent transport and rotation of large buoyant water-ice crustal blocks, and pitting, the latter likely caused by sublimation erosion and/or collapse. More enigmatic features include tall mounds with central depressions that are conceivably cryovolcanic and ridges with complex bladed textures. Pluto also has ancient cratered terrains up to ~4 billion years old that are extensionally faulted and extensively mantled and perhaps eroded by glacial or other processes. Charon does not appear to be currently active, but experienced major extensional tectonism and resurfacing (probably cryovolcanic) nearly 4 billion years ago. Impact crater populations on Pluto and Charon are not consistent with the steepest impactor size-frequency distributions proposed for the Kuiper belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Advection
KW  - Pluto (Dwarf planet)
KW  - Charon (Satellite)
KW  - Convective flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Impact craters
KW  - Sublimation (Chemistry)
KW  - Kuiper belt
KW  - New Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113878512; Moore, Jeffrey M. 1; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov; McKinnon, William B. 2; Spencer, John R. 3; Howard, Alan D. 4; Schenk, Paul M. 5; Beyer, Ross A. 1,6; Nimmo, Francis 7; Singer, Kelsi N. 3; Umurhan, Orkan M. 1; White, Oliver L. 1; Stern, S. Alan 3; Ennico, Kimberly 1; Olkin, Cathy B. 3; Weaver, Harold A. 8; Young, Leslie A. 3; Binzel, Richard P. 9; Buie, Marc W. 3; Buratti, Bonnie J. 10; Cheng, Andrew F. 8; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; 3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; 4: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; 5: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 6: The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 7: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 8: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 9: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; 10: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91019, USA; Issue Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6279, p1284; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Advection; Subject Term: Pluto (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: Charon (Satellite); Subject Term: Convective flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: Impact craters; Subject Term: Sublimation (Chemistry); Subject Term: Kuiper belt ; Company/Entity: New Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad7055
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113878512&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hongyu Liu
AU  - Considine, David B.
AU  - Horowitz, Larry W.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Rodriguez, Jose M.
AU  - Strahan, Susan E.
AU  - Damon, Megan R.
AU  - Steenrod, Stephen D.
AU  - Xiaojing Xu
AU  - Jules Kouatchou
AU  - Claire Carouge
AU  - Yantosca, Robert M.
T1  - Using beryllium-7 to assess cross-tropopause transport in global models.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 16
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 4641
EP  - 4659
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We use the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) modeling framework to assess the utility of cosmogenic beryllium-7 (7Be), a natural aerosol tracer, for evaluating cross-tropopause transport in global models. The GMI chemical transport model (CTM) was used to simulate atmospheric 7Be distributions using four different meteorological data sets (GEOS1-STRAT DAS, GISS II' GCM, fvGCM, and GEOS4-DAS), featuring significantly different stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE) characteristics. The simulations were compared with the upper troposphere and/or lower stratosphere (UT/LS) 7Be climatology constructed from ~25 years of aircraft and balloon data, as well as climatological records of surface concentrations and deposition fluxes. Comparison of the fraction of surface air of stratospheric origin estimated from the 7Be simulations with observationally derived estimates indicates excessive cross-tropopause transport at mid-latitudes in simulations using GEOS1-STRAT and at high latitudes using GISS II' meteorological data. These simulations also overestimate 7Be deposition fluxes at mid-latitudes (GEOS1-STRAT) and at high latitudes (GISS II'), respectively. We show that excessive cross-tropopause transport of 7Be corresponds to overestimated stratospheric contribution to tropospheric ozone. Our perspectives on STE in these meteorological fields based on 7Be simulations are consistent with previous modeling studies of tropospheric ozone using the same meteorological fields. We conclude that the observational constraints for 7Be and observed 7Be total deposition fluxes can be used routinely as a first-order assessment of cross-tropopause transport in global models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Beryllium
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Global modeling systems
KW  - Meteorology -- Equipment & supplies
N1  - Accession Number: 114812831; Hongyu Liu 1; Email Address: hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov; Considine, David B. 2,3; Horowitz, Larry W. 4; Crawford, James H. 2; Rodriguez, Jose M. 5; Strahan, Susan E. 5,6; Damon, Megan R. 5,7; Steenrod, Stephen D. 5,6; Xiaojing Xu 8; Jules Kouatchou 5,7; Claire Carouge 9,10; Yantosca, Robert M. 9; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 3: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C., USA; 4: NOAA Geophysical Fluid and Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 6: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 9: John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; 10: ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate System Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p4641; Thesaurus Term: Beryllium; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Global modeling systems; Subject Term: Meteorology -- Equipment & supplies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-4641-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ern, Manfred
AU  - Trinh, Quang Thai
AU  - Kaufmann, Martin
AU  - Krisch, Isabell
AU  - Preusse, Peter
AU  - Ungermann, Jörn
AU  - Zhu, Yajun
AU  - Gille, John C.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - III, James M. Russell
AU  - Schwartz, Michael J.
AU  - Riese, Martin
T1  - Satellite observations of middle atmosphere gravity wave activity and dissipation during recent stratospheric warmings.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 52
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are circulation anomalies in the polar region during winter. They mostly occur in the Northern Hemisphere and affect also surface weather and climate. Both planetary waves and gravity waves contribute to the onset and evolution of SSWs. While the role of planetary waves for SSW evolution has been recognized, the effect of gravity waves is still not fully understood, and has not been comprehensively analyzed based on global observations. In particular, information on the gravity wave driving of the background winds during SSWs is still missing. We investigate the boreal winters 2001/2002 until 2013/2014. Absolute gravity wave momentum fluxes and gravity wave dissipation (potential drag) are estimated from temperature observations of the satellite instruments HIRDLS and SABER. In agreement with previous work, we find that sometimes gravity wave activity is enhanced before the central date of major SSWs, particularly during vortex-split events. Often, SSWs are associated with polar-night jet oscillation (PJO) events. For these events, we find that gravity wave activity is strongly suppressed when winds reverse from eastward to westward (usually after the central date of a major SSW). In addition, gravity wave potential drag at the bottom of the newly forming eastward directed jet is remarkably weak, while considerable potential drag at the top of the jet likely contributes to the downward propagation of both the jet and the new elevated stratopause. During PJO events, we also find some indication for poleward propagation of gravity waves. Another striking finding is that obviously localized gravity wave sources, likely mountain waves and jet-generated gravity waves, play an important role during the evolution of SSWs and potentially contribute to the triggering of SSWs by preconditioning the shape of the polar vortex. The distribution of these hot spots is highly variable and strongly depends on the zonal and meridional shape of the background wind field, indicating that a pure zonal average view sometimes is a too strong simplification for the strongly perturbed conditions during the evolution of SSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Energy dissipation
N1  - Accession Number: 115483951; Ern, Manfred 1; Email Address: m.ern@fz-juelich.de; Trinh, Quang Thai 1; Email Address: t.trinh@fz-juelich.de; Kaufmann, Martin 1; Email Address: m.kaufmann@fz-juelich.de; Krisch, Isabell 1; Email Address: i.krisch@fz-juelich.de; Preusse, Peter 1; Email Address: p.preusse@fz-juelich.de; Ungermann, Jörn 1; Email Address: j.ungermann@fz-juelich.de; Zhu, Yajun 1; Email Address: y.zhu@fz-juelich.de; Gille, John C. 2,3; Email Address: gille@ucar.edu; Mlynczak, Martin G. 4; Email Address: m.g.mlynczak@nasa.gov; III, James M. Russell 5; Email Address: james.russell@hamptonu.edu; Schwartz, Michael J. 6; Email Address: michael.j.schwartz@jpl.nasa.gov; Riese, Martin 1; Email Address: m.riese@fz-juelich.de; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; 2: Center for Limb Atmospheric Sounding, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p1; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Subject Term: Energy dissipation; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-276
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rémy, S.
AU  - Veira, A.
AU  - Paugam, R.
AU  - Sofiev, M.
AU  - Kaiser, J. W.
AU  - Marenco, F.
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Benedetti, A.
AU  - Engelen, R. J.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
T1  - Two global climatologies of daily fire emission injection heights since 2003.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 42
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) assimilates Fire Radiative Power (FRP) observations from satellite-based sensors to produce daily estimates of biomass burning emissions. It has been extended to include information about injection heights provided by two distinct algorithms, which also use meteorological information from the operational weather forecasts of ECMWF. Injection heights are provided by the semi-empirical IS4FIRES parameterization and an analytical one-dimension Plume Rise Model (PRM). The two algorithms provide estimates for injection heights for each satellite pixel. Similarly to how FRP observations are processed in GFAS, these estimates are then gridded, averaged and assimilated, using a simple observation operator, so as to fill the observational gaps. A global database of daily biomass burning emissions and injection heights at 0.1° resolution has been produced for 2003-2015. The database is being extended in near-real-time with the operational GFAS service of the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). The two injection height datasets were compared against a new dataset of satellite-based plume height observations. The IS4FIRES parameterization showed a better overall agreement against observations, while the PRM was better at capturing the variability of injection heights and at estimating the injection heights of large fires. The results from both also show a differentiation depending on the type of vegetation. A positive trend with time in median injection heights from the PRM was noted, less marked from the IS4FIRES parameterization. This is provoked by a negative trend in number of small fires, especially in regions such as South America. The use of biomass burning emission heights from GFAS in atmospheric composition forecasts was assessed in two case studies: the South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) campaign which took place in September 2012 in Brazil, and a series of large fire events in the Western U.S. in August 2013. For these case studies, forecasts of biomass burning aerosol species by the Composition-Integrated Forecasting System (C-IFS) of CAMS were found to better reproduce the observed vertical distribution when using PRM injection heights from GFAS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Satellite-based remote sensing
KW  - Exchange of meteorological information
N1  - Accession Number: 115483900; Rémy, S. 1; Email Address: samuel.remy@lmd.jussieu.fr; Veira, A. 2; Email Address: andreas.veira@mpimet.mpg.de; Paugam, R. 3; Email Address: ronan.paugam@kcl.ac.uk; Sofiev, M. 4; Email Address: mikhail.sofiev@fmi.fi; Kaiser, J. W. 5; Email Address: j.kaiser@mpic.de; Marenco, F. 6; Email Address: franco.marenco@metoffice.gov.uk; Burton, S. P. 7; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nava.gov; Benedetti, A. 8; Email Address: angela.benedetti@ecmwf.int; Engelen, R. J. 8; Email Address: richard.engelen@ecmwf.int; Ferrare, R. 7; Email Address: richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov; Hair, J. W. 7; Email Address: jonathan.w.hair@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, UPMC/CNRS, Paris, France; 2: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 3: King's College, London, United Kingdom; 4: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; 5: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; 6: Observational Based Research, Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom, U.K.; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, CA, U.S.A.; 8: European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, Reading, U.K.; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p1; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Satellite-based remote sensing; Subject Term: Exchange of meteorological information; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2015-1048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Xiaoyang
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
T1  - Monitoring interannual variation in global crop yield using long-term AVHRR and MODIS observations.
JO  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
JF  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 114
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 205
SN  - 09242716
AB  - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data have been extensively applied for crop yield prediction because of their daily temporal resolution and a global coverage. This study investigated global crop yield using daily two band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) derived from AVHRR (1981–1999) and MODIS (2000–2013) observations at a spatial resolution of 0.05° (∼5 km). Specifically, EVI2 temporal trajectory of crop growth was simulated using a hybrid piecewise logistic model (HPLM) for individual pixels, which was used to detect crop phenological metrics. The derived crop phenology was then applied to calculate crop greenness defined as EVI2 amplitude and EVI2 integration during annual crop growing seasons, which was further aggregated for croplands in each country, respectively. The interannual variations in EVI2 amplitude and EVI2 integration were combined to correlate to the variation in cereal yield from 1982–2012 for individual countries using a stepwise regression model, respectively. The results show that the confidence level of the established regression models was higher than 90% ( P value < 0.1) in most countries in the northern hemisphere although it was relatively poor in the southern hemisphere (mainly in Africa). The error in the yield predication was relatively smaller in America, Europe and East Asia than that in Africa. In the 10 countries with largest cereal production across the world, the prediction error was less than 9% during past three decades. This suggests that crop phenology-controlled greenness from coarse resolution satellite data has the capability of predicting national crop yield across the world, which could provide timely and reliable crop information for global agricultural trade and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Crop yields
KW  - PHENOLOGY
KW  - Advanced very high resolution radiometers
KW  - Crops
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - Logistic model (Demography)
KW  - Crop greenness
KW  - Crop phenology
KW  - Global crop yield
KW  - Long-term satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 113950865; Zhang, Xiaoyang 1; Email Address: xiaoyang.zhang@sdstate.edu; Zhang, Qingyuan 2,3; Affiliations: 1: Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence (GSCE), Department of Geography, South Dakota State University, 1021 Medary Ave., Wecota Hall 506B, Brookings, SD 57007-3510, USA; 2: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA; 3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Apr2016, Vol. 114, p191; Thesaurus Term: Crop yields; Thesaurus Term: PHENOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Advanced very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: Crops; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: Logistic model (Demography); Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop greenness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global crop yield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-term satellite observations; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.02.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - Lapalme, Caitlin
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Pollard, Wayne
AU  - Marinova, Margarita
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Mckay, Christopher P.
T1  - Solar Radiation and Air and Ground Temperature Relations in the Cold and Hyper-Arid Quartermain Mountains, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica.
JO  - Permafrost & Periglacial Processes
JF  - Permafrost & Periglacial Processes
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 176
SN  - 10456740
AB  - This study compares the relations between solar radiation and air and ground temperatures in the Quartermain Mountains of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica with those in ice-free Victoria Land and Arctic Canada. The surface offset is near 0°C at all sites in the Quartermain Mountains and other sites in coastal Victoria Land, whereas the thermal offset is near 0°C at shallow ice table depths (< 20 cm) and near 1°C for ice tables deeper than the depth of diurnal temperature variation. The surface and thermal offsets in Victoria Land differ markedly from those in Arctic Canada, which are generally characterised by a positive surface offset and a negative thermal offset. These important differences highlight the effects of a lack of vegetation, surface organic layer, snow cover and moisture content in near-surface soils on the direction and magnitude of surface and thermal offsets. Summer ground surface temperatures in the Quartermain Mountains correlate strongly with incoming solar radiation. Based on measured ground surface temperatures and modelled potential incoming solar radiation, two zones with distinct ground surface temperatures are defined in the Quartermain Mountains: (i) perennially cryotic zones (PCZs) characterised by ground surface temperatures always below 0°C; and (ii) seasonally non-cryotic zones (NCZs) characterised by ground surface temperatures > 0°C for at least a few hours. Soils in the PCZs experience water exchange through vapour diffusion, whereas soils in the NCZs contain features associated with liquid water activity, such as increased soil moisture and frozen ponds recharged by snow/glacier meltwater. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Permafrost & Periglacial Processes is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Earth temperature
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Mountains -- Antarctica
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Victoria Land (Antarctica)
KW  - Canada, Northern
KW  - ground temperatures
KW  - Quartermain Mountains, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
KW  - surface offset
KW  - thermal offset
N1  - Accession Number: 115929960; Lacelle, Denis 1; Lapalme, Caitlin 1; Davila, Alfonso F. 2; Pollard, Wayne 3; Marinova, Margarita 4; Heldmann, Jennifer 4; Mckay, Christopher P. 4; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, University of Ottawa; 2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute; 3: Department of Geography, McGill University; 4: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Apr2016, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p163; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Earth temperature; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Mountains -- Antarctica; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject: Victoria Land (Antarctica); Subject: Canada, Northern; Author-Supplied Keyword: ground temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quartermain Mountains, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface offset; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal offset; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/ppp.1859
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunley, J. D.
T1  - NOT FOR OURSELVES ALONE: THE EVOLUTION AND ROLE OF THE TITAN II MISSILE IN THE COLD WAR.
JO  - Quest: History of Spaceflight
JF  - Quest: History of Spaceflight
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 56
EP  - 57
SN  - 10657738
KW  - INTERNATIONAL conflict
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - CONINE, Gary B.
KW  - NOT for Ourselves Alone: The Evolution & Role of the Titan II Missile in the Cold War (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 115484382; Hunley, J. D. 1; Affiliations: 1 : Fonner chief historian, NASA Dryden (now Armstrong) Flight Research Center Rialto, California;  Source Info: 2016, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p56; Historical Period: 1947 to 1991; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL conflict; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hia
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - van Donkelaar, Aaron
AU  - Martin, Randall V.
AU  - Brauer, Michael
AU  - Hsu, N. Christina
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Levy, Robert C.
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Sayer, Andrew M.
AU  - Winker, David M.
T1  - Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/04/05/
VL  - 50
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3762
EP  - 3772
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We estimated global fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations using information from satellite-, simulation- and monitor-based sources by applying a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to global geophysically based satellite-derived PM2.5 estimates. Aerosol optical depth from multiple satellite products (MISR, MODIS Dark Target, MODIS and SeaWiFS Deep Blue, and MODIS MAIAC) was combined with simulation (GEOS-Chem) based upon their relative uncertainties as determined using ground-based sun photometer (AERONET) observations for 1998-2014. The GWR predictors included simulated aerosol composition and land use information. The resultant PM2.5 estimates were highly consistent (R² = 0.81) with out-of-sample cross-validated PM2.5 concentrations from monitors. The global population-weighted annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 3-fold higher than the 10 µg/m³ WHO guideline, driven by exposures in Asian and African regions. Estimates in regions with high contributions from mineral dust were associated with higher uncertainty, resulting from both sparse ground-based monitoring, and challenging conditions for retrieval and simulation. This approach demonstrates that the addition of even sparse ground-based measurements to more globally continuous PM2.5 data sources can yield valuable improvements to PM2.5 characterization on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Regression analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 114698518; van Donkelaar, Aaron 1; Email Address: Aaron.van.Donkelaar@dal.ca; Martin, Randall V. 1,2; Brauer, Michael 3; Hsu, N. Christina 4; Kahn, Ralph A. 4; Levy, Robert C. 4; Lyapustin, Alexei 4,5; Sayer, Andrew M. 4,5; Winker, David M. 6; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. Canada; 2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; 3: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z3, Canada; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States; 5: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665, United States; Issue Info: 4/5/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 7, p3762; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Geophysics; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: Regression analysis; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.5b05833
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyung Joo Lee
AU  - Youn-Suk Son
T1  - Spatial Variability of AERONET Aerosol Optical Properties and Satellite Data in South Korea during NASA DRAGON-Asia Campaign.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/04/05/
VL  - 50
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3954
EP  - 3964
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We investigated spatial variability in aerosol optical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine-mode fraction (FMF), and single scattering albedo (SSA), observed at 21 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites and satellite remote sensing data in South Korea during the spring of 2012. These dense AERONET networks established in a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) field campaign enabled us to examine the spatially detailed aerosol size distribution and composition as well as aerosol levels. The springtime particle air quality was characterized by high background aerosol levels and high contributions of coarse-mode aerosols to total aerosols. We found that between-site correlations and coefficient of divergence for AOD and FMF strongly relied on the distance between sites, particularly in the south-north direction. Higher AOD was related to higher population density and lower distance from highways, and the aerosol size distribution and composition reflected source-specific characteristics. The ratios of satellite NO2 to AOD, which indicate the relative contributions of local combustion sources to aerosol levels, represented higher local contributions in metropolitan Seoul and Pusan. Our study demonstrates that the aerosol levels were determined by both local and regional pollution and that the relative contributions of these pollutions to aerosols generated spatial heterogeneity in the particle air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Spatial analysis (Geography)
KW  - Remote sensing devices
KW  - Korea (South)
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 114698541; Hyung Joo Lee 1; Email Address: hyungjoo.lee@nasa.gov; Youn-Suk Son 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; 2: Research Division for Industry & Environment, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, South Korea; Issue Info: 4/5/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 7, p3954; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Subject Term: Spatial analysis (Geography); Subject Term: Remote sensing devices; Subject: Korea (South) ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.5b04831
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=114698541&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brock, Charles A.
AU  - Wagner, Nicholas L.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Attwood, Alexis R.
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
AU  - Carlton, Annmarie G.
AU  - Day, Douglas A.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Gordon, Timothy D.
AU  - Jimenez, Jose L.
AU  - Lack, Daniel A.
AU  - Jin Liao
AU  - Markovic, Milos Z.
AU  - Middlebrook, Ann M.
AU  - Ng, Nga L.
AU  - Perring, Anne E.
AU  - Richardson, Matthews S.
AU  - Schwarz, Joshua P.
AU  - Washenfelder, Rebecca A.
T1  - Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer - Part 1: Hygroscopic growth.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/04/15/
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 4987
EP  - 5007
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made during May-September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US) under fair-weather, afternoon conditions with well-defined planetary boundary layer structure. Optical extinction at 532 nm was directly measured at relative humidities (RHs) of ∼15, ∼70, and ∼90% and compared with extinction calculated from measurements of aerosol composition and size distribution using the κ-Köhler approximation for hygroscopic growth. The calculated enhancement in hydrated aerosol extinction with relative humidity, f (RH), calculated by this method agreed well with the observed f (RH) at ∼90% RH. The dominance of organic aerosol, which comprised 65±10% of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <1 μm in the planetary boundary layer, resulted in relatively low f (RH) values of 1.43±0.67 at 70%RH and 2.28±1.05 at 90% RH. The subsaturated κ-Köhler hygroscopicity parameter parameter κ for the organic fraction of the aerosol must have been <0.10 to be consistent with 75% of the observations within uncertainties, with a best estimate of κ =0.05. This subsaturated κ value for the organic aerosol in the southeastern US is broadly consistent with field studies in rural environments. A new, physically based, single-parameter representation was developed that better described f(RH) than did the widely used gamma power-law approximation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Electro-optical effects
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - HEPA filters
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 115062383; Brock, Charles A. 1; Email Address: charles.a.brock@noaa.gov; Wagner, Nicholas L. 1,2; Anderson, Bruce E. 3; Attwood, Alexis R. 1,2,4; Beyersdorf, Andreas 3; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro 2,5; Carlton, Annmarie G. 6; Day, Douglas A. 2,5; Diskin, Glenn S. 3; Gordon, Timothy D. 1,2,7; Jimenez, Jose L. 2,5; Lack, Daniel A. 1,2,8; Jin Liao 1,2,9; Markovic, Milos Z. 1,2,10; Middlebrook, Ann M. 1; Ng, Nga L. 11,12; Perring, Anne E. 1,2; Richardson, Matthews S. 1,2; Schwarz, Joshua P. 1; Washenfelder, Rebecca A. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Droplet Measurement Technologies, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 6: Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA; 7: Handix Scientific, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 8: TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Australia; 9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 10: Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 11: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; 12: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p4987; Subject Term: Electro-optical effects; Subject Term: Optical properties; Subject Term: HEPA filters; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-4987-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115062383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brock, Charles A.
AU  - Wagner, Nicholas L.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, Pedro
AU  - Day, Douglas A.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Gordon, Timothy D.
AU  - Jimenez, Jose L.
AU  - Lack, Daniel A.
AU  - Liao, Jin
AU  - Markovic, Milos Z.
AU  - Middlebrook, Ann M.
AU  - Perring, Anne E.
AU  - Richardson, Matthews S.
AU  - Schwarz, Joshua P.
AU  - Welti, Andre
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Murphy, Daniel M.
T1  - Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer - Part 2: Sensitivity of aerosol optical depth to relative humidity and aerosol parameters.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/04/15/
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 5009
EP  - 5019
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made between May and September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US). Regionally representative aggregate vertical profiles of median and interdecile ranges of the measured parameters were constructed from 37 individual aircraft profiles made in the afternoon when a well-mixed boundary layer with typical fair-weather cumulus was present (Wagner et al., 2015). We use these 0-4 km aggregate profiles and a simple model to calculate the sensitivity of aerosol optical depth (AOD) to changes in dry aerosol mass, relative humidity, mixed-layer height, the central diameter and width of the particle size distribution, hygroscopicity, and dry and wet refractive index, while holding the other parameters constant. The calculated sensitivity is a result of both the intrinsic sensitivity and the observed range of variation in these parameters. These observationally based sensitivity studies indicate that the relationship between AOD and dry aerosol mass in these conditions in the southeastern US can be highly variable and is especially sensitive to relative humidity (RH). For example, calculated AOD ranged from 0.137 to 0.305 as the RH was varied between the 10th and 90th percentile profiles with dry aerosol mass held constant. Calculated AOD was somewhat less sensitive to aerosol hygroscopicity, mean size, and geometric standard deviation, σg. However, some chemistry-climate models prescribe values of σg substantially larger than we or others observe, leading to potential high biases in modelcalculated AOD of ∼25 %. Finally, AOD was least sensitive to observed variations in dry and wet aerosol refractive index and to changes in the height of the well-mixed surface layer. We expect these findings to be applicable to other moderately polluted and background continental air masses in which an accumulation mode between 0.1-0.5 μm diameter dominates aerosol extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Optical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 115062384; Brock, Charles A. 1; Email Address: charles.a.brock@noaa.gov; Wagner, Nicholas L. 1,2; Anderson, Bruce E. 3; Beyersdorf, Andreas 3; Campuzano-Jost, Pedro 2,4; Day, Douglas A. 2,4; Diskin, Glenn S. 3; Gordon, Timothy D. 1,2,5; Jimenez, Jose L. 2,4; Lack, Daniel A. 1,2,6; Liao, Jin 1,2,7; Markovic, Milos Z. 1,2,8; Middlebrook, Ann M. 1; Perring, Anne E. 1,2; Richardson, Matthews S. 1,2; Schwarz, Joshua P. 1; Welti, Andre 1,2,9; Ziemba, Luke D. 3; Murphy, Daniel M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 5: Handix Scientific LLC, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 6: TEAC Consulting, Brisbane, Australia; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; 8: Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; 9: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Department of Physics, Leipzig, Germany; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p5009; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Optical properties; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-5009-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115062384&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pistone, Kristina
AU  - Praveen, Puppala S.
AU  - Thomas, Rick M.
AU  - Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
AU  - Wilcox, Eric M.
AU  - Bender, Frida A.-M.
T1  - Observed correlations between aerosol and cloud properties in an Indian Ocean trade cumulus regime.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/04/15/
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 5203
EP  - 5227
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - There are many contributing factors which determine the micro- and macrophysical properties of clouds, including atmospheric vertical structure, dominant meteorological conditions, and aerosol concentration, all of which may be coupled to one another. In the quest to determine aerosol effects on clouds, these potential relationships must be understood. Here we describe several observed correlations between aerosol conditions and cloud and atmospheric properties in the Indian Ocean winter monsoon season. In the CARDEX (Cloud, Aerosol, Radiative forcing, Dynamics EXperiment) field campaign conducted in February and March 2012 in the northern Indian Ocean, continuous measurements were made of atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) and the liquid water path (LWP) of trade cumulus clouds, concurrent with measurements of water vapor flux, cloud and aerosol vertical profiles, meteorological data, and surface and total-column aerosol from instrumentation at a ground observatory and on small unmanned aircraft. We present observations which indicate a positive correlation between aerosol and cloud LWP only when considering cases with low atmospheric water vapor (PWV < 40 kgm-2), a criterion which acts to filter the data to control for the natural meteorological variability in the region. We then use the aircraft and ground-based measurements to explore possible mechanisms behind this observed aerosol-LWP correlation. The increase in cloud liquid water is found to coincide with a lowering of the cloud base, which is itself attributable to increased boundary layer humidity in polluted conditions. High pollution is found to correlate with both higher temperatures and higher humidity measured throughout the boundary layer. A large-scale analysis, using satellite observations and meteorological reanalysis, corroborates these covariations: high-pollution cases are shown to originate as a highly polluted boundary layer air mass approaching the observatory from a northwesterly direction. The source air mass exhibits both higher temperatures and higher humidity in the polluted cases. While the warmer temperatures may be attributable to aerosol absorption of solar radiation over the subcontinent, the factors responsible for the coincident high humidity are less evident: the high-aerosol conditions are observed to disperse with air mass evolution, along with a weakening of the hightemperature anomaly, while the high-humidity condition is observed to strengthen in magnitude as the polluted air mass moves over the ocean toward the site of the CARDEX observations. Potential causal mechanisms of the observed correlations, including meteorological or aerosol-induced factors, are explored, though future research will be needed for a more complete and quantitative understanding of the aerosol-humidity relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Water quality
KW  - Natural resources
KW  - Analytical mechanics
KW  - Indian Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 115062395; Pistone, Kristina 1,2,3; Email Address: kristina.pistone@fulbrightmail.org; Praveen, Puppala S. 1,4; Thomas, Rick M. 1,5; Ramanathan, Veerabhadran 1; Wilcox, Eric M. 6; Bender, Frida A.-M. 7; Affiliations: 1: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 3: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 4: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal; 5: School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; 6: Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA; 7: Department of Meteorology and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p5203; Thesaurus Term: Meteorology; Thesaurus Term: Water quality; Thesaurus Term: Natural resources; Subject Term: Analytical mechanics; Subject: Indian Ocean; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 22 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-5203-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115062395&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazzuca, Gina M.
AU  - Xinrong Ren
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Estes, Mark
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - Ozone Production and Its Sensitivity to NOx and VOCs: Results from the DISCOVER-AQ Field Experiment, Houston 2013.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 27
SN  - 16807367
AB  - An observation-constrained box model based on the Carbon Bond mechanism, Version 5 (CB05), was used to study photochemical processes along the NASA P-3B flight track and spirals over eight surface sites during the September 2013 Houston, Texas deployment of the NASA DISCOVER-AQ campaign. Data from this campaign provided an opportunity to examine and improve our understanding of atmospheric photochemical oxidation processes related to the formation of secondary air pollutants such as ozone (O3). O3 production and its sensitivity to NOx and VOCs were calculated at different locations and times of day. Ozone production efficiency (OPE), defined as the ratio of the ozone production rate to the NOx oxidation rate, was calculated using the observations and the simulation results of the box and Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) models. Correlations of these results with other parameters, such as radical sources and NOx mixing ratio, were also evaluated. It was generally found that O3 production tends to be more VOC sensitive in the morning along with high ozone production rates, suggesting that control of VOCs may be an effective way to control O3 in Houston. In the afternoon, O3 production was found to be mainly NOx sensitive with some exceptions. O3 production at near major emissions sources such as Deer Park was mostly VOC sensitive for the entire day, other urban areas near Moody Tower and Channelview were VOC sensitive or in the transition regime, and areas farther from downtown Houston such as Smith Point and Conroe were mostly NOx sensitive for the entire day. It was also found that the control of NOx emissions has reduced O3 concentrations over Houston, but led to larger OPE values. The results from this work strengthen our understanding of O3 production; they indicate that controlling NOx emissions will provide air quality benefits over the greater Houston metropolitan area in the long run, but in selected areas controlling VOC emissions will also be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Photochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 115960584; Mazzuca, Gina M. 1; Email Address: gmazzuca@umd.edu; Xinrong Ren 1,2; Email Address: ren@umd.edu; Loughner, Christopher P. 2,3,4; Email Address: christopher.p.loughner@nasa.gov; Estes, Mark 5; Email Address: mark.estes@tceq.texas.gov; Crawford, James H. 6; Email Address: james.h.crawford@nasa.gov; Pickering, Kenneth E. 1,4; Email Address: kenneth.e.pickering@nasa.gov; Weinheimer, Andrew J. 7; Email Address: wein@ucar.edu; Dickerson, Russell R. 1; Email Address: rrd@umd.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 2: Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA; 3: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA; 4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, TX 78711, USA; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Volatile organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Photochemistry; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-215
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115960584&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sawamura, Patricia
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Burton, Sharon P.
AU  - Chemyakin, Eduard
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Kolgotin, Alexei
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
T1  - HSRL-2 aerosol optical measurements and microphysical retrievals vs. airborne in situ measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2013: an intercomparison study.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 40
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Over 700 vertically-resolved retrievals of effective radii, number, volume, and surface-area concentrations of aerosols obtained from inversion of airborne multiwavelength High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) measurements are compared to vertically resolved airborne in situ measurements obtained during DISCOVER-AQ campaign from 2013 in California and Texas. In situ measurements of dry and humidified scattering, dry absorption, and dry size distributions are used to estimate hygroscopic adjustments which, in turn, are applied to the dry in situ measurements before comparison to HSRL-2 measurements and retrievals. The HSRL-2 retrievals of size parameters agree well with the in situ measurements once the hygroscopic adjustments are applied to the latter, with biases smaller than 25% for surface-area concentrations, and smaller than 10% for volume concentration. A closure study is performed by comparing the extinction and backscatter measured with the HSRL-2 with those calculated from the in situ size distributions and Mie theory, once refractive indices (at ambient RH) and hygroscopic adjustments are calculated and applied. The results of this closure study revealed discrepancies between the HSRL-2 optical measurements and those calculated from in situ measurements, in both California and Texas datasets, with the aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients measured with the HSRL-2 being larger than those calculated from the adjusted in situ measurements and Mie theory. These discrepancies are further investigated and discussed in light of the many challenges often present in closure studies between in situ and remote sensing systems, such as: limitations in covering the same size range of particles with in situ and remote sensing instruments, as well as simplified parameterizations and assumptions used when dry in situ data are adjusted to account for aerosol hygroscopicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Surface area
N1  - Accession Number: 115960623; Sawamura, Patricia 1,2; Email Address: patricia.sawamura@nasa.gov; Moore, Richard H. 1; Email Address: richard.h.moore@nasa.gov; Burton, Sharon P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov; Chemyakin, Eduard 1,3; Email Address: eduard.chemyakin@ssaihq.com; Müller, Detlef 3,4; Email Address: detlef.mueller@ssaihq.com; Kolgotin, Alexei 5; Email Address: alexeift@yahoo.com; Ferrare, Richard A. 1; Email Address: richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov; Hostetler, Chris A. 1; Email Address: chris.a.hostetler@nasa.gov; Ziemba, Luke D. 1; Email Address: luke.d.ziemba@nasa.gov; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 1; Email Address: andreas.j.beyersdorf@nasa.gov; Anderson, Bruce E. 1; Email Address: bruce.e.anderson@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 4: University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK; 5: Physics Instrumentation Center, Troitsk, Russia; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Surface area; Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-380
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115960623&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giassi, Davide
AU  - Cao, Su
AU  - Bennett, Beth Anne V.
AU  - Stocker, Dennis P.
AU  - Takahashi, Fumiaki
AU  - Smooke, Mitchell D.
AU  - Long, Marshall B.
T1  - Analysis of CH* concentration and flame heat release rate in laminar coflow diffusion flames under microgravity and normal gravity.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 167
M3  - Article
SP  - 198
EP  - 206
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The chemiluminescence from electronically excited CH (denoted as CH * ) is investigated in nitrogen-diluted laminar coflow methane diffusion flames under microgravity and normal gravity conditions. In combustion studies, this radical species is of significant interest since its spatial distribution is indicative of the flame front position; moreover, given the relatively simple diagnostic involved with its measurement, several studies have been done to evaluate the ability of CH * chemiluminescence to predict the total and local flame heat release rate. In this work, a subset of the publicly available NASA Structure and Liftoff in Combustion Experiments (SLICE) microgravity and normal gravity nitrogen-diluted methane flames has been considered, and a method to extract quantitative CH * concentration information from the SLICE raw data is demonstrated. The measured CH * concentration is then discussed and compared with numerical simulations to assess the correlation between CH * chemiluminescence and heat release rate. The spectral characterization of the digital single lens reflex (DSLR) color camera used to acquire the flame images allowed the signal collected by the blue channel to be considered representative of the CH * emission of the A 2 Δ → X 2 ∏ transition centered around 431 nm; the analysis of the spectral emission of a reference nitrogen-diluted laminar diffusion methane flame accounted for the contribution of chemiluminescence from emitting species other than CH * . Due to the axisymmetric flame structure, an Abel deconvolution of the line-of-sight chemiluminescence was used to obtain the two-dimensional intensity profile and, thanks to an absolute light intensity calibration, a quantification of the CH * concentration was possible. Comparisons with numerical results display reasonably good agreement between measured and computed flame shapes, and it is shown that the difference in peak CH * concentration, between micro- and normal gravity cases, is minimal. Independent of the gravity level, the integrated CH * concentration in a cross section scales proportionally to the integrated computed heat release rate. The two-dimensional CH * and heat release rate spatial profiles match in a satisfactory way, but the gradients and intensity distributions are not comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Concentration gradient
KW  - Diffusion gradients
KW  - Laminar flow
KW  - Chemiluminescence
KW  - Electronic excitation
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - CH *
KW  - Coflow flame
KW  - Heat release rate
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 114524390; Giassi, Davide 1; Email Address: davide.giassi@yale.edu; Cao, Su 1; Bennett, Beth Anne V. 1; Stocker, Dennis P. 2; Takahashi, Fumiaki 3; Smooke, Mitchell D. 1; Long, Marshall B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; 3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 167, p198; Subject Term: Concentration gradient; Subject Term: Diffusion gradients; Subject Term: Laminar flow; Subject Term: Chemiluminescence; Subject Term: Electronic excitation; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH *; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coflow flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat release rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=114524390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CASNER, STEPHEN M.
AU  - HUTCHINS, EDWIN L.
AU  - NORMAN, DON
T1  - The Challenges of Partially Automated Driving.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 59
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 70
EP  - 77
PB  - Association for Computing Machinery
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article discusses challenges of partially automated driving. It presents evidence of global positioning navigation systems and driver warning systems to help decide whether drivers are ready to autopilot. Also tackled are human factor complications to consider associated with increasing automation including Level 0 or manual car, Level 1 or function-specific automation, Level 2 or combined function automation, Level 3 or limited self-driving automation and Level 4 or full automation.
KW  - AUTOMOBILES
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - AUTOMATIC systems
KW  - AUTOMOTIVE navigation systems
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
N1  - Accession Number: 115178364; CASNER, STEPHEN M. 1; Email Address: stephen.casner@nasa.gov; HUTCHINS, EDWIN L. 2; Email Address: ehutchins@ucsd.edu; NORMAN, DON 3; Email Address: dnorman@ucsd.edu; Affiliations: 1: Research psychologist in the Human Systems Integration Division at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; 2: Emeritus professor of cognitive science at the University of California, San Diego; 3: Fellow of the ACM and director of the Design Lab at the University of California, San Diego; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 59 Issue 5, p70; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMOBILES; Thesaurus Term: HUMAN-machine systems; Thesaurus Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC systems; Subject Term: AUTOMOTIVE navigation systems; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/2830565
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=115178364&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Jae-Woo
AU  - Sauti, Godfrey
AU  - Cano, Roberto J.
AU  - Wincheski, Russell A.
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
AU  - Czabaj, Michael
AU  - Gardner, Nathaniel W.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
T1  - Assessment of carbon nanotube yarns as reinforcement for composite overwrapped pressure vessels.
JO  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
JF  - Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 84
M3  - Article
SP  - 256
EP  - 265
SN  - 1359835X
AB  - Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one-dimensional nanomaterials with outstanding electrical and thermal conductivities and mechanical properties. Recent advances in CNT manufacturing have made bulk forms such as yarns, tapes and sheets available in commercial quantities to permit the evaluation of these materials for aerospace use. The high tensile properties of CNT composites can be exploited in tension-dominated applications such as composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs). To investigate their utility in this application, aluminum (Al) rings were overwrapped with thermoset/CNT yarn, thermally cured under a vacuum bag, and their mechanical properties measured. Fabrication parameters such as CNT/resin ratio, tension applied during winding, and the number of CNT yarn layers were investigated to determine their effects on the mechanical performance of overwrapped Al rings. Mechanical properties of the CNT composite overwrapped Al rings (CCOARs) were measured under static and cyclic loads at room, elevated, and cryogenic temperatures to evaluate their performance relative to bare Al rings. The ultimate load carried by the composite overwrap in the CCOARs increased with increasing number of wraps. The wet winding process for the CCOAR fabrication improved load transfer compared to the dry winding process due to enhanced interfacial adhesion between the CNT yarn and the applied resin. Wet winding Al rings with CNT yarn/thermoset overwraps resulted in ∼11% increase in weight relative to the bare ring and increased the room temperature breaking load by over 200%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part A, Applied Science & Manufacturing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - PRESSURE vessels
KW  - FABRICATION (Manufacturing)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - A. Nanocomposites
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - E. Filament winding
N1  - Accession Number: 113896175; Kim, Jae-Woo 1; Email Address: jae-woo.kim-1@nasa.gov; Sauti, Godfrey 1; Cano, Roberto J. 2; Wincheski, Russell A. 3; Ratcliffe, James G. 4; Czabaj, Michael 5; Gardner, Nathaniel W. 6; Siochi, Emilie J. 2; Email Address: emilie.j.siochi@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 3: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 4: Durability, Damage Tolerance and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; 6: Analytical Services & Materials, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 84, p256; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: PRESSURE vessels; Subject Term: FABRICATION (Manufacturing); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Filament winding; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.02.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=113896175&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hultquist, G.
AU  - Graham, M.J.
AU  - Smialek, J.L.
AU  - Kodra, O.
T1  - Response to comment by A. Hedin et al. on “Corrosion of copper in distilled water without oxygen and the detection of produced hydrogen”.
JO  - Corrosion Science
JF  - Corrosion Science
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 106
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
EP  - 307
SN  - 0010938X
KW  - Corrosion & anti-corrosives
KW  - Distilled water
KW  - Hydrogen production
KW  - Copper compounds
KW  - Oxygen -- Analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 113868838; Hultquist, G. 1,2,3,4; Graham, M.J. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: mike.graham12@rogers.com; Smialek, J.L. 1,2,3,4; Kodra, O. 1,2,3,4; Affiliations: 1: Surface and Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; 2: Aerospace, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada; 3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44 135, USA; 4: Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 106, p306; Thesaurus Term: Corrosion & anti-corrosives; Thesaurus Term: Distilled water; Thesaurus Term: Hydrogen production; Subject Term: Copper compounds; Subject Term: Oxygen -- Analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.12.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113868838&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Urschel, Matthew R.
AU  - Hamilton, Trinity L.
AU  - Roden, Eric E.
AU  - Boyd, Eric S.
T1  - Substrate preference, uptake kinetics and bioenergetics in a facultatively autotrophic, thermoacidophilic crenarchaeote.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 92
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 01686496
AB  - Facultative autotrophs are abundant components of communities inhabiting geothermal springs. However, the influence of uptake kinetics and energetics on preference for substrates is not well understood in this group of organisms. Here, we report the isolation of a facultatively autotrophic crenarchaeote, strain CP80, from Cinder Pool (CP, 88.7°C, pH 4.0), Yellowstone National Park. The 16S rRNA gene sequence from CP80 is 98.8% identical to that from Thermoproteus uzonensis and is identical to the most abundant sequence identified in CP sediments. Strain CP80 reduces elemental sulfur (S8°) and demonstrates hydrogen (H2)-dependent autotrophic growth. H2-dependent autotrophic activity is suppressed by amendment with formate at a concentration in the range of 20-40μM, similar to the affinity constant determined for formate utilization. Synthesis of a cell during growth with low concentrations of formate required 0.5μJ compared to 2.5μJ during autotrophic growth with H2. These results, coupled to data indicating greater C assimilation efficiency when grown with formate as compared to carbon dioxide, are consistent with preferential use of formate for energetic reasons. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the kinetic and energetic factors that influence the physiology and ecology of facultative autotrophs in high-temperature acidic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bioenergetics
KW  - Plant physiology
KW  - Autotrophic bacteria
KW  - Geothermal ecology
KW  - Analytical mechanics
KW  - autotroph
KW  - energetics
KW  - facultative
KW  - formate
KW  - heterotroph
KW  - hydrogen
KW  - metabolic switching
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 114677395; Urschel, Matthew R. 1; Hamilton, Trinity L. 2; Roden, Eric E. 3,4; Boyd, Eric S. 1,4; Email Address: eboyd@montana.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; 2: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; 3: Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA; 4: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p1; Thesaurus Term: Bioenergetics; Thesaurus Term: Plant physiology; Thesaurus Term: Autotrophic bacteria; Thesaurus Term: Geothermal ecology; Subject Term: Analytical mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: autotroph; Author-Supplied Keyword: energetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: facultative; Author-Supplied Keyword: formate; Author-Supplied Keyword: heterotroph; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: metabolic switching; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/femsec/fiw069
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=114677395&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Zarroca, Mario
AU  - Linares, Rogelio
AU  - Gulick, Virginia
AU  - Weitz, Catherine M.
AU  - Yan, Jianguo
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Platz, Thomas
AU  - Baker, Victor
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey
AU  - Glines, Natalie
AU  - Higuchi, Kana
T1  - Groundwater flow induced collapse and flooding in Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Catastrophic floods of enormous proportions played a major role in the excavation of some of the Solar System׳s largest channels, the circum-Chryse outflow channels. The generation of the floods has been attributed to both the evacuation of regional highland aquifers and ancient paleo-lakes. Numerous investigators indicate that these source regions were likely recharged and pressurized by eastward groundwater flow via conduits extending thousands of kilometers from an elevated groundwater table in the Tharsis volcanic rise. This hypothesis remains controversial, largely because subsequent stages of Valles Marineris development and enlargement would have resulted in the widespread destruction of the proposed groundwater pathways. Here, we show that Noctis Labyrinthus, a unique system of troughs connecting the Tharsis volcanic rise and western Valles Marineris, retains geologic evidence of conduit development associated with structurally-controlled groundwater flow through salt-rich upper crustal deposits. The inferred groundwater flow spatial pattern is in agreement with aquifer drainage from the Tharsis volcanic rise region. Our investigation indicates that subsequent surface collapse over these conduits during the Hesperian Period resulted in the generation of large basins in the central and eastern regions of Noctis Labyrinthus, and contributed to chasmata formation in the western portion of Valles Marineris. The lava-covered floors of these basins, dated by previous workers as Late Amazonian, contain hydrated mineral deposits coexisting spatially with decameter-scale features that we interpret to be lacustrine and periglacial in origin. The proposed paleo-lake sites also include chaotic terrains, which could comprise groundwater discharge zones, pointing to regional hydrologic processes that likely operated from the Early Hesperian until a few tens of millions of years ago. Episodic fluidized discharges from eastern Noctis Labyrinthus troughs delivered vast volumes of sediments and volatiles into western Valles Marineris, contributing to the construction of a regional volatile-rich stratigraphy. Intermittent formation of lakes within regional tectono-volcanic basins could have lasted hundreds of millions of years, thus, we highlight the potential of Noctis Labyrinthus as a region of prime interest for astrobiological exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Groundwater flow
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Floods
KW  - Sediments (Geology)
KW  - Mars (Planet) -- Surface
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Chryse Planitia (Mars)
KW  - Collapse
KW  - Groundwater
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 114052662; Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. 1,2; Email Address: alexis@psi.edu; Zarroca, Mario 3; Linares, Rogelio 3; Gulick, Virginia 2,4; Weitz, Catherine M. 1; Yan, Jianguo 5; Fairén, Alberto G. 6,7; Miyamoto, Hideaki 8; Platz, Thomas 1,9; Baker, Victor 10; Kargel, Jeffrey 10; Glines, Natalie 2,4; Higuchi, Kana 6; Affiliations: 1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA; 2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Department of Geology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; 4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 5: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China; 6: Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid 28850, Spain; 7: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; 8: The University Museum, University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; 9: Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany; 10: Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 124, p1; Thesaurus Term: Groundwater flow; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: Floods; Thesaurus Term: Sediments (Geology); Subject Term: Mars (Planet) -- Surface; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject: Chryse Planitia (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: Collapse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Groundwater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.12.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=114052662&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W.G.
AU  - Sears, Hazel
AU  - Ostrowski, Daniel R.
AU  - Bryson, Kathryne L.
AU  - Dotson, Jessie
AU  - Bruck Syal, Megan
AU  - Swift, Damian C
T1  - A meteorite perspective on asteroid hazard mitigation.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 117
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Meteorites, and their fall to Earth, have the potential to inform studies of the asteroid impact hazard and of impact mitigation. We describe six ways in which they have relevance to understanding the behavior of meteoroids in the atmosphere and thus impact mitigation. (1) Hundreds of meteorite falls have been described in the literature. While eyewitness observations are subjective, at their core there is unique information on which to build and test numerical models of an asteroid’s behavior as it passes through the atmosphere. (2) For 19 recovered meteorites, film or video recordings have been obtained and for most of these light curves have been derived which provide quantitative information on meteorite fall and fragmentation. (3) There are 188 known meteorite craters on Earth and in 10 cases fragments of the meteorite responsible have been recovered. In these cases numerical impact models can utilize the known properties of the projectile and the dimensions of the crater. (4) Studies of the meteorites provide information on their preatmospheric size, internal structure and physical properties (tensile strength, density, porosity, thermal conductivity etc.) which are essential for understanding the behavior of objects coming through the atmosphere. (5) The flow patterns on the fusion crust of the meteorite, and the shape of the recovered meteorite, provides information on orientation and physical behavior during flight. Petrographic changes under the fusion crust provide information on thermal history during the latter stages of flight. (6) The structure and composition of the so-called “gas-rich regolith breccias” provide information on the outermost layer of the parent asteroid from which the meteorites came. This information is critical to certain mitigation strategies. We conclude by describing initiatives for hazardous asteroid impact mitigation at Ames Research Center and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that will exploit and disseminate the information available from meteorites. This includes characterization of the meteorites likely to be analogous of incoming asteroids and the development of a website to advise the world-wide community of information available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Impact of asteroids with Earth
KW  - Hazard mitigation
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Meteoroids
KW  - Thermal conductivity
KW  - Asteroid impact hazard
KW  - Craters
KW  - Fireball
KW  - Impact
KW  - Near earth asteroids
N1  - Accession Number: 114052660; Sears, Derek W.G. 1,2; Email Address: Derek.Sears@nasa.gov; Sears, Hazel 1,2; Ostrowski, Daniel R. 1,2; Bryson, Kathryne L. 1,2; Dotson, Jessie 1; Bruck Syal, Megan 3; Swift, Damian C 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; 2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; 3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 124, p105; Thesaurus Term: Impact of asteroids with Earth; Thesaurus Term: Hazard mitigation; Subject Term: Meteorites; Subject Term: Meteoroids; Subject Term: Thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid impact hazard; Author-Supplied Keyword: Craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fireball; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near earth asteroids; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2016.01.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=114052660&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schumann, G. J-P.
AU  - Frye, S.
AU  - Wells, G.
AU  - Adler, R.
AU  - Brakenridge, R.
AU  - Bolten, J.
AU  - Murray, J.
AU  - Slayback, D.
AU  - Policelli, F.
AU  - Kirschbaum, D.
AU  - Wu, H.
AU  - Cappelaere, P.
AU  - Howard, T.
AU  - Flamig, Z.
AU  - Clark, R.
AU  - Stough, T.
AU  - Chini, M.
AU  - Matgen, P.
AU  - Green, D.
AU  - Jones, B.
T1  - Unlocking the full potential of Earth observation during the 2015 Texas flood disaster.
JO  - Water Resources Research
JF  - Water Resources Research
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 3288
EP  - 3293
SN  - 00431397
AB  - Intense rainfall during late April and early May 2015 in Texas and Oklahoma led to widespread and sustained flooding in several river basins. Texas state agencies relevant to emergency response were activated when severe weather then ensued for 6 weeks from 8 May until 19 June following Tropical Storm Bill. An international team of scientists and flood response experts assembled and collaborated with decision-making authorities for user-driven high-resolution satellite acquisitions over the most critical areas; while experimental automated flood mapping techniques provided daily ongoing monitoring. This allowed mapping of flood inundation from an unprecedented number of spaceborne and airborne images. In fact, a total of 27,174 images have been ingested to the USGS Hazards Data Distribution System (HDDS) Explorer, except for the SAR images used. Based on the Texas flood use case, we describe the success of this effort as well as the limitations in fulfilling the needs of the decision-makers, and reflect upon these. In order to unlock the full potential for Earth observation data in flood disaster response, we suggest in a call for action (i) stronger collaboration from the onset between agencies, product developers, and decision-makers; (ii) quantification of uncertainties when combining data from different sources in order to augment information content; (iii) include a default role for the end-user in satellite acquisition planning; and (iv) proactive assimilation of methodologies and tools into the mandated agencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Water Resources Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Watersheds
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Bodies of water
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Landforms
KW  - earth observation
KW  - emergency response
KW  - flooding
N1  - Accession Number: 116255521; Schumann, G. J-P. 1,2; Frye, S. 3; Wells, G. 4; Adler, R. 5; Brakenridge, R. 6; Bolten, J. 3; Murray, J. 7; Slayback, D. 8; Policelli, F. 3; Kirschbaum, D. 3; Wu, H. 9; Cappelaere, P. 10; Howard, T. 4; Flamig, Z. 11; Clark, R. 11; Stough, T. 12; Chini, M. 13; Matgen, P. 13; Green, D. 14; Jones, B. 15; Affiliations: 1: Remote Sensing Solutions, Inc.; 2: School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol; 3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; 4: Center for Space Research, University of Texas at Austin; 5: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland; 6: CSDMS, INSTAAR, University of Colorado; 7: NASA Langley Research Center; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; 9: ESSIC College Park, Maryland/NASA GSFC; 10: Vightel Corporation; 11: Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma; 12: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; 13: Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology; 14: NASA Headquarters; 15: USGS EROS; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p3288; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Watersheds; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Bodies of water; Subject Term: Rain & rainfall; Subject Term: Landforms; Author-Supplied Keyword: earth observation; Author-Supplied Keyword: emergency response; Author-Supplied Keyword: flooding; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/2015WR018428
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Magar, Kaman Thapa
AU  - Balas, Mark J.
AU  - Frost, Susan A.
T1  - Direct adaptive torque control for maximizing the power captured by wind turbine in partial loading condition.
JO  - Wind Energy
JF  - Wind Energy
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 911
EP  - 922
SN  - 10954244
AB  - In this paper, a direct adaptive control approach is used to track the tip speed ratio (TSR) of wind turbine to maximize the power captured during the below rated wind speed operation. Assuming a known optimum value of TSR, the deviation of actual TSR from the optimum one is mathematically expressed as TSR tracking error. Since the actual TSR is not a measurable quantity, this expression for TSR tracking error is linearized and simplified to express it in terms of wind speed and rotor speed, where rotor speed can easily be measured. Although it is possible to measure the wind speed with high accuracy using LiDAR, using it raises the overall cost of wind turbine installation; hence, a method to estimate the wind speed is also proposed. The adaptive controller operates on this simplified TSR tracking error to drive it to zero and to keep the TSR constant at desired optimum value. The performance of the proposed control scheme is illustrated by implementing and simulating it in the National Renewable Energy Laboratory 5MW wind turbine model and comparing the results with the existing baseline fixed gain controller. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Wind Energy is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Wind turbines -- Performance
KW  - Wind power
KW  - Torque control
KW  - Adaptive control systems
KW  - Wind speed -- Measurement
KW  - adaptive torque control
KW  - tip speed ratio tracking
KW  - wind speed estimation
KW  - wind turbine control
N1  - Accession Number: 114439092; Magar, Kaman Thapa 1; Balas, Mark J. 1; Frost, Susan A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University; 2: NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p911; Thesaurus Term: Wind turbines -- Performance; Thesaurus Term: Wind power; Subject Term: Torque control; Subject Term: Adaptive control systems; Subject Term: Wind speed -- Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive torque control; Author-Supplied Keyword: tip speed ratio tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: wind speed estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: wind turbine control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221115 Wind Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/we.1874
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qian Di
AU  - Kloog, Itai
AU  - Koutrakis, Petros
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Yujie Wang
AU  - Schwartz, Joel
T1  - Assessing PM2.5 Exposures with High Spatiotemporal Resolution across the Continental United States.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/05/03/
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4712
EP  - 4721
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - A number of models have been developed to estimate PM2.5 exposure, including satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) models, land-use regression, or chemical transport model simulation, all with both strengths and weaknesses. Variables like normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface reflectance, absorbing aerosol index, and meteoroidal fields are also informative about PM2.5 concentrations. Our objective is to establish a hybrid model which incorporates multiple approaches and input variables to improve model performance. To account for complex atmospheric mechanisms, we used a neural network for its capacity to model nonlinearity and interactions. We used convolutional layers, which aggregate neighboring information, into a neural network to account for spatial and temporal autocorrelation. We trained the neural network for the continental United States from 2000 to 2012 and tested it with left out monitors. Ten-fold cross-validation revealed a good model performance with a total R² of 0.84 on the left out monitors. Regional R² could be even higher for the Eastern and Central United States. Model performance was still good at low PM2.5 concentrations. Then, we used the trained neural network to make daily predictions of PM2.5 at 1 km × 1 km grid cells. This model allows epidemiologists to access PM2.5 exposure in both the short-term and the long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 115779078; Qian Di 1; Email Address: qiandi@mail.harvard.edu; Kloog, Itai 1; Koutrakis, Petros 1; Lyapustin, Alexei 2; Yujie Wang 3; Schwartz, Joel 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 613, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States; 3: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States; Issue Info: 5/3/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 9, p4712; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject: United States; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.5b06121
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, S.H.
AU  - Mudawar, I.
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Thermal analysis of hybrid single-phase, two-phase and heat pump thermal control system (TCS) for future spacecraft.
JO  - Applied Thermal Engineering
JF  - Applied Thermal Engineering
Y1  - 2016/05/05/
VL  - 100
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 214
SN  - 13594311
AB  - An urgent need presently exists to develop a new class of versatile spacecraft capable of conducting different types of missions and enduring varying gravitational and temperature environments, including Lunar, Martian and Near Earth Object (NEOs). This study concerns the spacecraft's Thermal Control System (TCS), which tackles heat acquisition, especially from crew and avionics, heat transport, and ultimate heat rejection by radiation. The primary goal of the study is to explore the design and thermal performance of a Hybrid Thermal Control System (H-TCS) that would satisfy the diverse thermal requirements of the different space missions. The H-TCS must endure both ‘cold’ and ‘hot’ environments, reduce weight and size, and enhance thermodynamic performance. Four different operational modes are considered: single-phase, two-phase, basic heat pump and heat pump with liquid-side, suction-side heat exchanger. A thermodynamic trade study is conducted for six different working fluids to assess important performance parameters including mass flow rate of the working fluid, maximum pressure, radiator area, compressor/pump work, and coefficient of performance (COP). R134a is determined to be most suitable based on its ability to provide a balanced compromise between reducing flow rate and maintaining low system pressure, and a moderate coefficient of performance (COP); this fluid is also both nontoxic and nonflammable, and features zero ozone depletion potential (ODP) and low global warming potential (GWP). It is shown how specific mission stages dictate which mode of operation is most suitable, and this information is used to size the radiator for the H-TCS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Thermal Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT pumps
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - SINGLE-phase flow
KW  - GRAVITATION
KW  - Heat pump
KW  - Reduced gravity
KW  - Space missions
KW  - Thermal control system
KW  - Thermodynamic analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 114091630; Lee, S.H. 1; Mudawar, I. 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu; Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliations: 1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (PU-BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; 2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: May2016, Vol. 100, p190; Subject Term: HEAT pumps; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: SINGLE-phase flow; Subject Term: GRAVITATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat pump; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal control system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermodynamic analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333415 Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416120 Plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.01.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Hindlimb unloading: rodent analog for microgravity.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Morey-Holton, Emily
JO  - Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2016/05/15/
VL  - 120
IS  - 10
SP  - 1196
EP  - 1206
SN  - 87507587
N1  - Accession Number: 115379037; Author: Globus, Ruth K.: 1 email: ruth.k.globus@nasa.gov. Author: Morey-Holton, Emily: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Space Biosciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; No. of Pages: 11; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20160518
N2  - The rodent hindlimb unloading (HU) model was developed in the 1980s to make it possible to study mechanisms, responses, and treatments for the adverse consequences of spaceflight. Decades before development of the HU model, weightlessness was predicted to yield deficits in the principal tissues responsible for structure and movement on Earth, primarily muscle and bone. Indeed, results from early spaceflight and HU experiments confirmed the expected sensitivity of the musculoskeletal system to gravity loading. Results from human and animal spaceflight and HU experiments show that nearly all organ systems and tissues studied display some measurable changes, albeit sometimes minor and of uncertain relevance to astronaut health. The focus of this review is to examine key HU results for various organ systems including those related to stress; the immune, cardiovascular, and nervous systems; vision changes; and wound healing. Analysis of the validity of the HU model is important given its potential value for both hypothesis testing and countermeasure development. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - *MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Physiology
KW  - *WOUND healing
KW  - HINDLIMB
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - EFFECT of space flight on the immune system
KW  - RODENTS as laboratory animals
KW  - adaptation
KW  - gravity
KW  - hindlimb unloading
KW  - physiology
KW  - spaceflight
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morring Jr., Frank
T1  - Robotic Refueling.
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
J1  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
PY  - 2016/05/23/
Y1  - 2016/05/23/
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 38
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - The article reports that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is working to develop on-orbit satellite servicing technology. Topics covered include goal of developing robotic and navigation-testbed hardware for the Landsat-7 spacecraft, progress of the work of the Satellite Serviving Capabilities Office, plan to spin off the technology to the private sector and Space Logistics LLC's development of private satellite-service capability.
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE Logistics LLC
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - PRIVATE sector
N1  - Accession Number: 116156424; Source Information: 5/23/2016, p38; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE Logistics LLC; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: PRIVATE sector; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 1p; ; Document Type: Article; ; Full Text Word Count: 835; 
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pope, R. J.
AU  - Richards, N. A. D.
AU  - Chipperfield, M. P.
AU  - Moore, D. P.
AU  - Monks, S. A.
AU  - Arnold, S. R.
AU  - Glatthor, N.
AU  - Kiefer, M.
AU  - Breider, T. J.
AU  - Harrison, J. J.
AU  - Remedios, J. J.
AU  - Warneke, C.
AU  - Roberts, J. M.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Apel, E. C.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
AU  - Feng, W.
T1  - Intercomparison and evaluation of satellite peroxyacetyl nitrate observations in the upper troposphere - lower stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/06//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 44
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) is an important chemical species in the troposphere as it aids the long-range transport of NOx and subsequent formation of O3 in relatively clean remote regions. Over the past few decades observations from aircraft campaigns and surface sites have been used to better understand the regional distribution of PAN. However, recent measurements made by satellites allow for a global assessment of PAN in the upper troposphere - lower stratosphere (UTLS). In this study, we investigate global PAN distributions from two independent retrieval methodologies, based on measurements from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument, on board ENVISAT from the Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and the Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester (UoL). Retrieving PAN from MIPAS is challenging due to the weak signal in the measurements and contamination from other species. Therefore, we compare the two MIPAS datasets with observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS), insitu aircraft data and the TOMCAT 3-D chemical transport model. MIPAS shows peak UTLS PAN concentrations over the biomass burning regions (e.g. ranging from 150 to > 200 pptv at 150 hPa) and during the summertime Asian monsoon as enhanced convection aids the vertical transport of PAN from the lower atmosphere. At 150 hPa, we find significant differences between the two MIPAS datasets in the tropics, where IMK PAN concentrations are larger by 50-100 pptv. Comparisons between MIPAS and ACE-FTS show better agreement with the UoL MIPAS PAN concentrations at 200 hPa, but with mixed results above this altitude. TOMCAT generally captures the magnitude and structure of climatological aircraft PAN profiles within the observational variability allowing it to be used to investigate the MIPAS PAN differences. TOMCAT-MIPAS comparisons show that the model is both positively (UoL) and negatively (IMK) biased against the satellite products. These results show that satellite PAN observations are able to detect realistic spatial variations in PAN in the UTLS, but further work is needed to resolve differences in existing retrievals to allow quantitative use of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Peroxyacetyl nitrate
KW  - Atmospheric acoustics
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Michelson interferometer
N1  - Accession Number: 116613448; Pope, R. J. 1,2; Email Address: r.j.pope@leeds.ac.uk; Richards, N. A. D. 1,2; Email Address: N.A.D.Richards@leeds.ac.uk; Chipperfield, M. P. 1,2; Email Address: m.chipperfield@leeds.ac.uk; Moore, D. P. 3,4; Email Address: david.moore@le.ac.uk; Monks, S. A. 5,6; Email Address: sarah.monks@noaa.gov; Arnold, S. R. 1; Email Address: S.Arnold@leeds.ac.uk; Glatthor, N. 7; Email Address: norbert.glatthor@kit.edu; Kiefer, M. 7; Email Address: michael.kiefer@kit.edu; Breider, T. J. 8; Email Address: tbreider@seas.harvard.edu; Harrison, J. J. 3,4; Email Address: jh592@leicester.ac.uk; Remedios, J. J. 3,4; Email Address: j.j.remedios@le.ac.uk; Warneke, C. 5,6; Email Address: carsten.warneke@noaa.gov; Roberts, J. M. 5; Email Address: james.m.roberts@noaa.gov; Diskin, G. S. 9; Email Address: glenn.s.diskin@nasa.gov; Huey, L. G. 10; Email Address: greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; Wisthaler, A. 11,12; Email Address: armin.wisthaler@uibk.ac.at; Apel, E. C. 13; Email Address: apel@ucar.edu; Bernath, P. F. 14; Email Address: pbernath@odu.edu; Feng, W. 1,15; Email Address: w.feng@leeds.ac.uk; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 2: National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; 3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; 4: National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; 5: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; 6: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe, Germany; 8: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA; 9: NASA Langley Research Center, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Hampton, VA, USA; 10: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA; 11: University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 12: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; 13: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Centre for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 14: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; 15: National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Peroxyacetyl nitrate; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric acoustics; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Michelson interferometer; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-386
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vu, Kennedy T.
AU  - Dingle, Justin H.
AU  - Bahreini, Roya
AU  - Reddy, Patrick J.
AU  - Campos, Teresa L.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Fried, Alan
AU  - Herndon, Scott C.
AU  - Hornbrook, Rebecca S.
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Kaser, Lisa
AU  - Montzka, Denise D.
AU  - Nowak, John B.
AU  - Richter, Dirk
AU  - Roscioli, Joseph R.
AU  - Shertz, Stephen
AU  - Stell, Meghan
AU  - Tanner, David
AU  - Tyndall, Geoff
AU  - Walega, James
T1  - Impacts of the Denver Cyclone on Regional Air Quality and Aerosol Formation in the Colorado Front Range during FRAPPÉ 2014.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/06//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 40
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We present airborne measurements made in the Colorado Front Range aboard the NSF C-130 aircraft during the 2014 Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) project. Data on trace gases, non-refractory sub-micron aerosol chemical constituents, and aerosol optical extinction (βext) at λ = 632 nm in the presence and absence of a surface mesoscale circulation pattern, called the Denver Cyclone, were analyzed in three study regions of the Front Range: In-Flow, Northern Front Range (NFR), and Denver Metropolitan (DM). Pronounced increases in mass concentrations of organics, nitrate, and sulfate in NFR and DM were observed during the cyclone episodes (27-28 July) compared to the non-cyclonic days (26 July, 02-03 August). Organics (OA) dominated the mass concentrations on all evaluated days, with a 45% increase in OA on cyclone days across all three regions while the increase during the cyclone episode was up to ~ 80% for DM, from 3.78 ± 1.55 µg sm-3 to 6.78 ± 1.78 µg sm-3, where sm-3 is the STP unit of volume of air. Average nitrate mass concentrations were 0.26 ± 0.27 µg sm-3 vs. 1.03 ± 0.74 µg sm-3 followed by sulfate with an average of 0.58 ± 0.23 µg sm-3 vs. 1.08 ± 0.73 µg sm-3 on non-cyclone vs. cyclonic days, respectively. In the most aged air masses (NOx/NOy < 0.5), background OA over DM increased by a factor of ~ 4, from 0.93 ± 0.33 µg sm-3 to 3.70 ± 0.28 µg sm-3 due to transport from NFR. Furthermore, enhanced partitioning of nitric acid to the aerosol phase was observed during the cyclone episodes, mainly due to increased abundance of gas phase NH3. During the non-cyclone events, βext displayed strong correlations (r = 0.71) with OA and NO3- in NFR and only with OA (r = 0.70) in DM while correlation of βext during the cyclone was strongest (r = 0.86) with NO3- in DM. Mass extinction efficiency values (MEE) values in DM were similar under cyclone (2.85 ± 0.63 m² g-1) and non-cyclone (2.72 ± 0.61 m² g-1) days despite the dominant influence of different aerosol species on βext (non-cyclone: OA, cyclone; NO3-). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cyclones
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Mass extinctions
KW  - Front Range (Colo. & Wyo.)
KW  - Denver (Colo.)
N1  - Accession Number: 116613518; Vu, Kennedy T. 1; Email Address: kennedykvu@gmail.com; Dingle, Justin H. 1; Email Address: jding004@ucr.edu; Bahreini, Roya 1,2; Email Address: roya.bahreini@ucr.edu; Reddy, Patrick J. 3,4; Email Address: preddyresearch@gmail.com; Campos, Teresa L. 3; Email Address: campos@ucar.edu; Diskin, Glenn S. 5; Email Address: glenn.s.diskin@nasa.gov; Fried, Alan 6; Email Address: alan.fried@colorado.edu; Herndon, Scott C. 7; Email Address: herndon@aerodyne.com; Hornbrook, Rebecca S. 3; Email Address: rsh@ucar.edu; Huey, Greg 8; Email Address: greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu; Kaser, Lisa 3; Email Address: kaser@ucar.edu; Montzka, Denise D. 3; Email Address: montzka@acd.ucar.edu; Nowak, John B. 7; Email Address: jnowak@aerodyne.com; Richter, Dirk 6; Email Address: dirk.richter@colorado.edu; Roscioli, Joseph R. 7; Email Address: roscioli@aerodyne.com; Shertz, Stephen 3; Email Address: shertz@ucar.edu; Stell, Meghan 3; Email Address: meghan@ucar.edu; Tanner, David 8; Email Address: tanner@eas.gatech.edu; Tyndall, Geoff 3; Email Address: tyndall@ucar.edu; Walega, James 6; Email Address: james.walega@colorado.edu; Affiliations: 1: Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; 2: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521; 3: Atmospheric Chemistry Observations & Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301; 4: Visitor at NCAR, Boulder, CO 80301; 5: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; 6: Institute for Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303; 7: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821; 8: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30033; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Cyclones; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Mass extinctions; Subject Term: Front Range (Colo. & Wyo.); Subject: Denver (Colo.); Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-532
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116613518&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Böhlke, John Karl
AU  - Sturchio, Neil C.
AU  - Sevanthi, Ritesh
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Brundrett, Maeghan
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Poghosyan, Armen
AU  - Pollard, Wayne
AU  - Zacny, Kris
T1  - Deposition, accumulation, and alteration of Cl−, NO3−, ClO4− and ClO3− salts in a hyper-arid polar environment: Mass balance and isotopic constraints.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 182
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 215
SN  - 00167037
AB  - The salt fraction in permafrost soils/sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica can be used as a proxy for cold desert geochemical processes and paleoclimate reconstruction. Previous analyses of the salt fraction in MDV permafrost soils have largely been conducted in coastal regions where permafrost soils are variably affected by aqueous processes and mixed inputs from marine and stratospheric sources. We expand upon this work by evaluating permafrost soil/sediments in University Valley, located in the ultraxerous zone where both liquid water transport and marine influences are minimal. We determined the abundances of Cl − , NO 3 − , ClO 4 − and ClO 3 − in dry and ice-cemented soil/sediments, snow and glacier ice, and also characterized Cl − and NO 3 − isotopically. The data are not consistent with salt deposition in a sublimation till, nor with nuclear weapon testing fall-out, and instead point to a dominantly stratospheric source and to varying degrees of post depositional transformation depending on the substrate, from minimal alteration in bare soils to significant alteration (photodegradation and/or volatilization) in snow and glacier ice. Ionic abundances in the dry permafrost layer indicate limited vertical transport under the current climate conditions, likely due to percolation of snowmelt. Subtle changes in ClO 4 − /NO 3 − ratios and NO 3 − isotopic composition with depth and location may reflect both transport related fractionation and depositional history. Low molar ratios of ClO 3 − /ClO 4 − in surface soils compared to deposition and other arid systems suggest significant post depositional loss of ClO 3 − , possibly due to reduction by iron minerals, which may have important implications for oxy-chlorine species on Mars. Salt accumulation varies with distance along the valley and apparent accumulation times based on multiple methods range from ∼10 to 30 kyr near the glacier to 70–200 kyr near the valley mouth. The relatively young age of the salts and relatively low and homogeneous anion concentrations in the ice-cemented sediments point to either a mechanism of recent salt removal, or to relatively modern permafrost soils (<1 million years). Together, our results show that near surface salts in University Valley serve as an end-member of stratospheric sources not subject to biological processes or extensive remobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - Mass budget (Geophysics)
KW  - Paleoclimatology
KW  - Geochemistry
KW  - Chlorates
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
N1  - Accession Number: 114754751; Jackson, Andrew 1; Davila, Alfonso F. 2; Böhlke, John Karl 3; Sturchio, Neil C. 4; Sevanthi, Ritesh 1; Estrada, Nubia 1; Brundrett, Maeghan 1; Lacelle, Denis 5; McKay, Christopher P. 6; Poghosyan, Armen 7; Pollard, Wayne 8; Zacny, Kris 9; Affiliations: 1: Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; 2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 3: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA; 4: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; 5: Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; 6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 7: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; 8: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 9: Honeybee Robotics, 398 W Washington Blvd, Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91103, Russia; Issue Info: Jun2016, Vol. 182, p197; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Thesaurus Term: Mass budget (Geophysics); Thesaurus Term: Paleoclimatology; Thesaurus Term: Geochemistry; Subject Term: Chlorates; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
T1  - Time-Sampling Errors of Earth Radiation From Satellites: Theory for Monthly Mean Albedo.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3107
EP  - 3115
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment wide-field-of-view (WFOV) radiometers aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) provided a 15-year record of high-quality measurements for research into the radiant energy balance of the Earth. Monthly mean maps of RSR and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are primary data products from these measurements. The ERBS orbit had an inclination of 57° so as to precess through all local times every 72 days. Because of limited temporal sampling, some regions were not measured sufficiently often by the WFOV radiometers to produce accurate radiation flux values for these maps. The temporal sampling of any one region is very irregular; therefore, it is necessary to consider each region in detail for each month. An analysis of the errors, which result from computing the average value of the albedo of a region over a day or month based on limited sampling, is presented. It is necessary to take into account synoptic variations and their time correlations and differences of the regions' diurnal cycle from that assumed by the time-averaging algorithms. An expression is derived for the variance of the error of the computed daily and monthly mean albedo. Temporal correlation and variability of the albedo field are specified a priori. This analysis has been used for quality assurance to evaluate the temporal sampling errors of monthly mean RSR maps computed from the measurements by the WFOV radiometers aboard the ERBS and to delete those values for which the error variance is excessive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - IMAGE quality analysis
KW  - SAMPLING error (Statistics)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - Correlation
KW  - Earth
KW  - Earth radiation budget
KW  - error analysis
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - sampling errors
KW  - Sea measurements
KW  - Time measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 115133644; Smith, G. Louis 1; Wong, Takmeng 2; Affiliations: 1: , Science Systems Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 2: , Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Jun2016, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p3107; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: IMAGE quality analysis; Subject Term: SAMPLING error (Statistics); Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth radiation budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: error analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: sampling errors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time measurement; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2503982
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shean, David E.
AU  - Alexandrov, Oleg
AU  - Moratto, Zachary M.
AU  - Smith, Benjamin E.
AU  - Joughin, Ian R.
AU  - Porter, Claire
AU  - Morin, Paul
T1  - An automated, open-source pipeline for mass production of digital elevation models (DEMs) from very-high-resolution commercial stereo satellite imagery.
JO  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
JF  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 116
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 117
SN  - 09242716
AB  - We adapted the automated, open source NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP) to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimages from very-high-resolution (VHR) commercial imagery of the Earth. These modifications include support for rigorous and rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) sensor models, sensor geometry correction, bundle adjustment, point cloud co-registration, and significant improvements to the ASP code base. We outline a processing workflow for ∼0.5 m ground sample distance (GSD) DigitalGlobe WorldView-1 and WorldView-2 along-track stereo image data, with an overview of ASP capabilities, an evaluation of ASP correlator options, benchmark test results, and two case studies of DEM accuracy. Output DEM products are posted at ∼2 m with direct geolocation accuracy of <5.0 m CE90/LE90. An automated iterative closest-point (ICP) co-registration tool reduces absolute vertical and horizontal error to <0.5 m where appropriate ground-control data are available, with observed standard deviation of ∼0.1–0.5 m for overlapping, co-registered DEMs ( n = 14, 17). While ASP can be used to process individual stereo pairs on a local workstation, the methods presented here were developed for large-scale batch processing in a high-performance computing environment. We are leveraging these resources to produce dense time series and regional mosaics for the Earth’s polar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Digital elevation models
KW  - Remote-sensing images
KW  - High resolution imaging
KW  - Polynomials
KW  - Image registration
KW  - Cryosphere
KW  - Ice sheet
KW  - Photogrammetry
KW  - Stereo reconstruction
KW  - Topography
KW  - WorldView
N1  - Accession Number: 114313053; Shean, David E. 1; Email Address: dshean@uw.edu; Alexandrov, Oleg 2; Moratto, Zachary M. 2; Smith, Benjamin E. 1; Joughin, Ian R. 1; Porter, Claire 3; Morin, Paul 3; Affiliations: 1: Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Box 355640, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA 98105, USA; 2: Intelligent Robotics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: Polar Geospatial Center, University of Minnesota, R280 Learning & Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; Issue Info: Jun2016, Vol. 116, p101; Subject Term: Digital elevation models; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: High resolution imaging; Subject Term: Polynomials; Subject Term: Image registration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice sheet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photogrammetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stereo reconstruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: WorldView; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aurisicchio, Marco
AU  - Bracewell, Rob
AU  - Hooey, Becky L.
T1  - Rationale mapping and functional modelling enhanced root cause analysis.
JO  - Safety Science
JF  - Safety Science
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 257
SN  - 09257535
AB  - Objective The process of understanding the causes of adverse events associated with complex engineered systems can be time consuming and expensive. It often requires substantial human and physical resources ranging from a few engineers up to multiple teams of domain specialists from collaborating organisations. The research presented in this article aims to provide more effective support to the analysts involved in root cause analysis (RCA) by exploring the combined application of the Issue Based Information System (IBIS) and the Function Analysis Diagram (FAD) methods. The first method (IBIS) introduces the concept of argument-based rationale for explicit justification of the nodes of a cause–effect chain as well as of redesign decisions, while the second method (FAD) introduces the notion of structure-dependent functional modelling of complex systems in normal and failure states. Method Causation data from publicly available technical reports of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster was reverse-engineered using a root cause analysis approach based on the IBIS and FAD notations. IBIS and FAD were implemented using a free and open source software tool known as designVUE. The approach was evaluated by comparing it to a method for root cause analysis widely used in industry and assessing how it satisfies generic requirements for root cause analysis. Results The results show that the proposed IBIS-FAD approach provides a rich description of the causes for an accident presented in a manner that facilitates information access and understanding. The IBIS notation allowed for explicit modelling of the reasons supporting or refuting failure hypotheses along with evidence. The FAD notation provided a clear and concise method to visualise the complex set of non-linear interactions leading to the failure of a system by annotating graphical schematics of the design with the functions exchanged between its components. Finally, the results show that the approach supports the capture and justification of redesign decisions and ties them to initiating problems in a way that promotes the prevention of accident re-occurrence. Conclusions Argument-based rationale with IBIS and FAD-style functional modelling are powerful concepts to extend the tool set available to support the root cause analysis process. The approach proposed in this article provides a unique tool that would be of value to academics, practitioners, and regulators concerned with root cause analysis and opportunities to improve the process of understanding adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Safety Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mathematical models
KW  - Root cause analysis
KW  - Adverse health care events
KW  - Open source software
KW  - Data mapping
KW  - Argument-based rationale
KW  - Function Analysis Diagram (FAD)
KW  - Functional modelling
KW  - Issue Based Information System (IBIS)
KW  - Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
KW  - Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
N1  - Accession Number: 113579182; Aurisicchio, Marco 1; Email Address: m.aurisicchio@imperial.ac.uk; Bracewell, Rob 2; Email Address: rob.bracewell2@rolls-royce.com; Hooey, Becky L. 3; Email Address: becky.l.hooey@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Design Engineering Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; 2: Rolls-Royce, Derby, United Kingdom; 3: San Jose State University at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Issue Info: Jun2016, Vol. 85, p241; Thesaurus Term: Mathematical models; Subject Term: Root cause analysis; Subject Term: Adverse health care events; Subject Term: Open source software; Subject Term: Data mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Argument-based rationale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Function Analysis Diagram (FAD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Issue Based Information System (IBIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Root Cause Analysis (RCA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssci.2015.12.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=113579182&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 115288231
T1  - ICRP Publication 131: Stem cell biology with respect to carcinogenesis aspects of radiological protection.
AU  - Hendry, J. H.
AU  - Niwa, O.
AU  - Barcellos-Hoff, M. H.
AU  - Globus, R. K.
AU  - Harrison, J. D.
AU  - Martin, M. T.
AU  - Seed, T. M.
AU  - Shay, J. W.
AU  - Story, M. D.
AU  - Suzuki, K.
AU  - Yamashita, S.
Y1  - 2016/06/02/2016 Supplement
N1  - Accession Number: 115288231. Language: English. Entry Date: 20170122. Revision Date: 20170122. Publication Type: journal article. Supplement Title: 2016 Supplement. Journal Subset: Biomedical. NLM UID: 7708044. 
KW  - Stem Cells -- Radiation Effects
KW  - Radiologic Health
KW  - Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced -- Etiology
KW  - Neoplastic Processes
KW  - Risk Assessment
KW  - Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
SP  - 239
EP  - 252
JO  - Annals of the ICRP
JF  - Annals of the ICRP
JA  - ANN ICRP
VL  - 45
CY  - Thousand Oaks, California
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
AB  - Current knowledge of stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in 'niches', and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is reviewed regarding haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. The identity of the target cells for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive and mostly quiescent stem cell population (able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy), and, in a few tissues, to daughter progenitor cells. Several biological processes could contribute to the protection of stem cells from mutation accumulation: (1) accurate DNA repair; (2) rapid induced death of injured stem cells; (3) retention of the intact parental strand during divisions in some tissues so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells; and (4) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the vital niche. DNA repair mainly operates within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell replications and competition require weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. This foundation is used to provide a biological insight to protection issues including the linear-non-threshold and relative risk models, differences in cancer risk between tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age.
SN  - 0146-6453
AD  - Christie Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
AD  - Fukushima Medical University and Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Japan
AD  - Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, USA
AD  - Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, USA
AD  - Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Health Protection Directorate, Public Health England, UK
AD  - Laboratoire de Genomique et Radiobiologie de la Kertinopoiese, CEA, France
AD  - Tech Micro Services Co., USA
AD  - Radiation Oncology, Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, USA
AD  - Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan
U2  - PMID: 26956677.
DO  - 10.1177/0146645315621849
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Individual Muscle use in Hamstring Exercises by Soccer Players Assessed using Functional MRI.
AU  - Fernandez-Gonzalo, R.
AU  - Tesch, P. A.
AU  - Linnehan, R. M.
AU  - Kreider, R. B.
AU  - Di Salvo, V.
AU  - Suarez-Arrones, L.
AU  - Alomar, X.
AU  - Mendez-Villanueva, A.
AU  - Rodas, C.
JO  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2016/06/15/
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
SP  - 559
EP  - 564
SN  - 01724622
N1  - Accession Number: 117367995; Author: Fernandez-Gonzalo, R.: 1 email: rodrigo.gonzalo@ki.se. Author: Tesch, P. A.: 1 Author: Linnehan, R. M.: 2 Author: Kreider, R. B.: 3 Author: Di Salvo, V.: 4 Author: Suarez-Arrones, L.: 4 Author: Alomar, X.: 5 Author: Mendez-Villanueva, A.: 4 Author: Rodas, C.: 6 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden: 2 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, United States: 3 Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States: 4 Department of Football Performance & Science, ASPIRE Academy, Doha, Qatar: 5 Department of Radiology, Centres Medics Creu Blanca, Barcelona, Spain: 6 F.C. Barcelona, Medical Services F.C. Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; No. of Pages: 6; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20160812
N2  - This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare individual muscle use in sxercises aimed at preventing hamstring injuries. Thirty-six professional soccer players were randomized into 4 groups, each performing either Nordic hamstring, flywheel leg curl, Russian belt or conic-pulley exercise. MRIs were performed before and immediately after a bout of 4 sets of 8 repetitions. Pre-post exercise differences in contrast shift (T2) were analyzed for the long (BFLh) and short head (BFSh) of biceps femoris, semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM) and gracilis (GR) muscles. Flywheel leg curl increased (P<0.001) T2 of GR (95%), ST (65%), BFSh (51%) and BFLh (14%). After the Nordic hamstring, GR (39%), ST (16%) and BFSh (14%) showed increased T2 (P<0.001). Russian belt and conic-pulley exercise produced subtle (P<0.02) T2 increases of ST (9 and 6%, respectively) and BFLh (7 and 6%, respectively). Russian belt increased T2 of SM (7%). Among exercises examined, flywheel leg curl showed the most substantial hamstring and GR muscle use. However, no single exercise executed was able to increase T2 of all hamstring and synergist muscles analyzed. It is therefore suggested that multiple exercises must be carried out to bring in, and fully activate all knee flexors and hip extensors. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - eccentric overload
KW  - football
KW  - functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - gracilis
KW  - iso-inertial exercise
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 117367995
T1  - Individual Muscle use in Hamstring Exercises by Soccer Players Assessed using Functional MRI.
AU  - Fernandez-Gonzalo, R.
AU  - Tesch, P. A.
AU  - Linnehan, R. M.
AU  - Kreider, R. B.
AU  - Di Salvo, V.
AU  - Suarez-Arrones, L.
AU  - Alomar, X.
AU  - Mendez-Villanueva, A.
AU  - Rodas, C.
Y1  - 2016/06/15/
N1  - Accession Number: 117367995. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20160813. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Allied Health; Biomedical; Continental Europe; Europe; Peer Reviewed. NLM UID: 8008349. 
SP  - 559
EP  - 564
JO  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JA  - INT J SPORTS MED
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
PB  - Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart
SN  - 0172-4622
AD  - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
AD  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, United States
AD  - Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
AD  - Department of Football Performance & Science, ASPIRE Academy, Doha, Qatar
AD  - Department of Radiology, Centres Medics Creu Blanca, Barcelona, Spain
AD  - F.C. Barcelona, Medical Services F.C. Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
DO  - 10.1055/s-0042-100290
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyung Joo Lee
AU  - Chatfield, Robert B.
AU  - Strawa, Anthony W.
T1  - Enhancing the Applicability of Satellite Remote Sensing for PM2.5 Estimation Using MODIS Deep Blue AOD and Land Use Regression in California, United States.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/06/21/
VL  - 50
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 6546
EP  - 6555
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We estimated daily ground-level PM2.5 concentrations combining Collection 6 deep blue (DB) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data (10 km resolution) with land use regression in California, United States, for the period 2006-2012. The Collection 6 DB method for AOD provided more reliable data retrievals over California's bright surface areas than previous data sets. Our DB AOD and PM2.5 data suggested that the PM2.5 predictability could be enhanced by temporally varying PM2.5 and AOD relations at least at a seasonal scale. In this study, we used a mixed effects model that allowed daily variations in DB AOD-PM2.5 relations. Because DB AOD might less effectively represent local source emissions compared to regional ones, we added geographic information system (GIS) predictors into the mixed effects model to further explain PM2.5 concentrations influenced by local sources. A cross validation (CV) mixed effects model revealed reasonably high predictive power for PM2.5 concentrations with R² = 0.66. The relations between DB AOD and PM2.5 considerably varied by day, and seasonally varying effects of GIS predictors on PM2.5 suggest season-specific source emissions and atmospheric conditions. This study indicates that DB AOD in combination with land use regression can be particularly useful to generate spatially resolved PM2.5 estimates. This may reduce exposure errors for health effect studies in California. We expect that more detailed PM2.5 concentration patterns can help air quality management plan to meet air quality standards more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Land use
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - California
N1  - Accession Number: 116702747; Hyung Joo Lee 1,2; Email Address: hyungjoo.lee@nasa.gov; Chatfield, Robert B. 2; Strawa, Anthony W. 3; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; 2: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; 3: New Pursuits Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Issue Info: 6/21/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 12, p6546; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Land use; Thesaurus Term: Air quality management; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject: California; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.6b01438
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116702747&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khaykin, Sergey M.
AU  - Pommereau, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Riviere, Emmanuel D.
AU  - Held, Gerhard
AU  - Ploeger, Felix
AU  - Ghysels, Melanie
AU  - Amarouche, Nadir
AU  - Vernier, Jean-Paul
AU  - Wienhold, Frank G.
AU  - Ionov, Dmitry
T1  - Evidence of horizontal and vertical transport of water in the Southern Hemisphere Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) from high-resolution balloon observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/07//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 16807367
AB  - High-resolution in situ balloon measurements of water vapour, aerosol, methane and temperature in the upper Tropical Tropopause Layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere are used to evaluate the processes controlling the stratospheric water budget: horizontal transport (inmixing) and hydration by cross-tropopause overshooting updrafts. The obtained in situ evidences of these phenomena are analyzed using satellite observations by Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) together with trajectory and transport modeling performed using CLaMS (Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere) and HYSPLIT (HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model. <br><br> Balloon soundings were conducted during March 2012 in Bauru, Brazil (22.3° S) in the frame of the TRO-Pico campaign for studying the impact of convective overshooting on the stratospheric water budget. The balloon payloads included two stratospheric hygrometers: FLASH-B (Fluorescence Lyman-Alpha Stratospheric Hygrometer for Balloon) and Pico-SDLA instrument as well as COBALD (Compact Optical Backscatter Aerosol Detector) sondes, complemented by Vaisala RS-92 radiosondes. Water vapour vertical profiles obtained independently by the two stratospheric hygrometers are in excellent agreement, ensuring credibility of the vertical structures observed. <br><br> A signature of in-mixing is inferred from a series of vertical profiles, showing coincident enhancements in water vapour and aerosol at the 425 K (18.5 km) level. Trajectory analysis unambiguously links these features to intrusions from the Southern Hemisphere extra-tropical stratosphere, containing more water and aerosol, as demonstrated by MLS and CALIPSO global observations. The in-mixing is successfully reproduced by CLaMS simulations, showing a relatively moist filament extending to 20 S°. A signature of local cross-tropopause transport of water is observed in a particular sounding, performed on a convective day and revealing water vapour enhancements of up to 0.6 ppmv as high as the 404 K (17.8 km) level. These are shown to originate from convective overshoots upwind detected by an S-band weather radar operating locally in Bauru. <br><br> The accurate in situ observations uncover two independent moisture pathways into the tropical lower stratosphere, whose manifestations are hardly detectable by space-borne sounders. We argue that the moistening by horizontal transport is limited by the weak meridional gradients of water, whereas the fast convective cross-tropopause transport, largely missed by global models, can have a substantial effect, at least at a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Southern Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 117200384; Khaykin, Sergey M. 1; Email Address: sergey.khaykin@latmos.ipsl.fr; Pommereau, Jean-Pierre 1; Email Address: Jean-Pierre.Pommereau@latmos.ipsl.fr; Riviere, Emmanuel D. 2; Email Address: emmanuel.riviere@univ-reims.fr; Held, Gerhard 3,4; Email Address: gerhard@gheld.net.br; Ploeger, Felix 5; Email Address: f.ploeger@fz-juelich.de; Ghysels, Melanie 2,6; Email Address: melanie.ghysels@nist.gov; Amarouche, Nadir 2; Email Address: amarouche@dt.insu.cnrs.fr; Vernier, Jean-Paul 7,8; Email Address: jeanpaul.vernier@nasa.gov; Wienhold, Frank G. 9; Email Address: frank.wienhold@env.ethz.ch; Ionov, Dmitry 10; Email Address: ionov@troll.phys.spbu.ru; Affiliations: 1: LATMOS, CNRS, Université de Versailles St Quentin, Guyancourt, France; 2: GSMA, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne and CNRS, Reims, France; 3: Instituto de Pesquisas Meteorológicas (IPMet), UNESP, Bauru, S.P., Brazil; 4: retired since 2014; 5: Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEK-7, Jülich, Germany; 6: now at: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; 7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 9: ETH Zurich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zurich, Switzerland; 10: St. Petersburg State University, Russian Federation; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject: Southern Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-588
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117200384&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shuaiqi Tang
AU  - Shaocheng Xie
AU  - Yunyan Zhang
AU  - Minghua Zhang
AU  - Schumacher, Courtney
AU  - Upton, Hannah
AU  - Jensen, Michael P.
AU  - Johnson, Karen L.
AU  - Meng Wang
AU  - Ahlgrimm, Maike
AU  - Zhe Feng
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Thieman, Mandana
T1  - Large-Scale Vertical Velocity, Diabatic Heating and Drying Profiles Associated with Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Convective Systems Observed in the GoAmazon2014/5 Experiment.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/07//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 39
SN  - 16807367
AB  - This study describes the characteristics of large-scale vertical velocity, apparent heating source (Q1) and apparent moisture sink (Q2) profiles associated with seasonal and diurnal variations of convective systems observed during the two intensive operational periods (IOPs) of the Green Ocean Amazon (GoAmazon2014/5) experiment, which was conducted near Manaus, Brazil in 2014 and 2015. The derived large-scale fields have large diurnal variations according to convective activity in the GoAmazon region and the morning profiles show distinct differences between the dry and wet seasons. In the wet season, propagating convective systems originating far from the GoAmazon region are often seen in the early morning, while in the dry season, they are rarely observed. Afternoon convective systems due to solar heating are frequently seen in both seasons. Accordingly, in the morning, there is strong upward motion and associated heating and drying throughout the entire troposphere in the wet season, which is limited to lower levels in the dry season. In the afternoon, both seasons exhibit weak heating and strong moistening in the boundary layer related to the vertical convergence of eddy fluxes. A set of case studies of three typical types of convective systems occurring in Amazonia -i.e., locally-occurring systems, coastal-occurring systems and basin-occurring systems -is also conducted to investigate the variability of the large-scale environment with different types of convective systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar heating
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Drying
KW  - Boundary layer (Meteorology)
KW  - Manaus (Brazil)
N1  - Accession Number: 117200400; Shuaiqi Tang 1; Email Address: tang32@llnl.gov; Shaocheng Xie 1; Email Address: xie2@llnl.gov; Yunyan Zhang 1; Email Address: zhang25@llnl.gov; Minghua Zhang 2; Email Address: minghua.zhang@stonybrook.edu; Schumacher, Courtney 3; Email Address: cschu@tamu.edu; Upton, Hannah 3; Email Address: uptonh@tamu.edu; Jensen, Michael P. 4; Email Address: mjensen@bnl.gov; Johnson, Karen L. 4; Email Address: kjohnson@bnl.gov; Meng Wang 4; Email Address: mwang@bnl.gov; Ahlgrimm, Maike 5; Email Address: maike.ahlgrimm@ecmwf.int; Zhe Feng 6; Email Address: zhe.feng@pnnl.gov; Minnis, Patrick 7; Email Address: p.minnis@nasa.gov; Thieman, Mandana 8; Email Address: m.m.khaiyer@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA; 2: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA; 3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; 4: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA; 5: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, UK; 6: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland,Washington, 99354, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 8: Science Systems and Applications, Inc, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Solar heating; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Drying; Subject Term: Boundary layer (Meteorology); Subject: Manaus (Brazil); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-644
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117200400&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA
AU  - REDEMANN, JENS
AU  - HAYWOOD, JAMES
AU  - WOOD, ROBERT
AU  - PIKETH, STUART
AU  - HIPONDOKA, MARTIN
AU  - FORMENTI, PAOLA
T1  - Smoke and Clouds above the Southeast Atlantic Upcoming Field Campaigns Probe Absorbing Aerosol's Impact on Climate.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 97
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1135
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article focuses on a study revealing that smoke from biomass burning (BB) fires on the southern African subcontinent is transported westward through the free troposphere over one of the largest stratocumulus cloud decks. It provides details about BB aerosol, which absorbs shortwave radiation efficiently, as well as climate cooling.
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Smoke
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Biomass burning -- Environmental aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 117523042; ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA 1; Email Address: pzuidema@rsmas.miami.edu; REDEMANN, JENS 2; HAYWOOD, JAMES 3; WOOD, ROBERT 4; PIKETH, STUART 5; HIPONDOKA, MARTIN 6; FORMENTI, PAOLA 7; Affiliations: 1: University of Miami, Miami, Florida; 2: NASA AMES Research Center, Mountain View, California; 3: University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; 4: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 5: North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; 6: University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia; 7: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques, Creteil, France; Issue Info: Jul2016, Vol. 97 Issue 7, p1131; Thesaurus Term: Combustion; Thesaurus Term: Smoke; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Biomass burning -- Environmental aspects; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00082.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117523042&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - HOSSAIN, FAISAL
AU  - SERRAT-CAPDEVILA, ALEIX
AU  - GRANGER, STEPHANIE
AU  - THOMAS, AMY
AU  - SAAH, DAVID
AU  - GANZ, DAVID
AU  - MUGO, ROBINSON
AU  - MURTHY, M. S. R.
AU  - RAMOS, VICTOR HUGO
AU  - CAROLYN FONSECA
AU  - ANDERSON, ERIC
AU  - SCHUMANN, GUY
AU  - LEWISON, REBECCA
AU  - KIRSCHBAUM, DALIA
AU  - ESCOBAR, VANESSA
AU  - SRINIVASAN, MARGARET
AU  - LEE, CHRISTINE
AU  - IQBAL, NAVEED
AU  - LEVINE, ELLIOT
AU  - SEARBY, NANCY
T1  - A GLOBAL CAPACITY BUILDING VISION FOR SOCIETAL APPLICATIONS OF EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS AND DATA Key Questions and Recommendations.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 97
IS  - 7
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 1295
EP  - 1299
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Information on the meeting "Globalizing Societal Application of Scientific Research and Observations From Remote Sensing: The Path Forward," which was held on June 23-25, 2015 in Tacoma, Washington is presented. Key topics being discussed include capacity building using Earth observing (EO) systems and data as well as issues on public health and air quality, disaster management, and water resources.
KW  - Research
KW  - Emergency management
KW  - Atmospheric sciences
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Earth sciences -- Congresses
N1  - Accession Number: 117523055; HOSSAIN, FAISAL 1; Email Address: fhossain@uw.edu; SERRAT-CAPDEVILA, ALEIX 2; GRANGER, STEPHANIE 3; THOMAS, AMY 4; SAAH, DAVID 5; GANZ, DAVID 6; MUGO, ROBINSON 7; MURTHY, M. S. R. 8; RAMOS, VICTOR HUGO 9; CAROLYN FONSECA 10; ANDERSON, ERIC 11; SCHUMANN, GUY 12; LEWISON, REBECCA 13; KIRSCHBAUM, DALIA 14; ESCOBAR, VANESSA 14; SRINIVASAN, MARGARET 3; LEE, CHRISTINE 3; IQBAL, NAVEED 15; LEVINE, ELLIOT 16; SEARBY, NANCY 17; Affiliations: 1: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 2: The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; 3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; 4: Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio; 5: University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California; 6: Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Bangkok, Thailand; 7: Regional Center for Mapping of Resources fo r Development, Nairobi, Kenya; 8: International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, Khumaltar, Nepal; 9: Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegias (CONAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala; 10: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; 11: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama; 12: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 13: San Diego State University, San Diego, California; 14: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 15: Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad, Pakistan; 16: Mercy Corps, Portland, Oregon; 17: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.; Issue Info: Jul2016, Vol. 97 Issue 7, p1295; Thesaurus Term: Research; Thesaurus Term: Emergency management; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric sciences; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Earth sciences -- Congresses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911290 Other federal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912190 Other provincial protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913190 Other municipal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00198.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117523055&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Hudson, Nicholas I.
AU  - Asseng, Senthold
AU  - Camarrano, Davide
AU  - Ewert, Frank
AU  - Martre, Pierre
AU  - Boote, Kenneth J.
AU  - Thorburn, Peter J.
AU  - Aggarwal, Pramod K.
AU  - Angulo, Carlos
AU  - Basso, Bruno
AU  - Bertuzzi, Patrick
AU  - Biernath, Christian
AU  - Brisson, Nadine
AU  - Challinor, Andrew J.
AU  - Doltra, Jordi
AU  - Gayler, Sebastian
AU  - Goldberg, Richard
AU  - Grant, Robert F.
AU  - Heng, Lee
T1  - Multi-wheat-model ensemble responses to interannual climate variability.
JO  - Environmental Modelling & Software
JF  - Environmental Modelling & Software
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 81
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 101
SN  - 13648152
AB  - We compare 27 wheat models' yield responses to interannual climate variability, analyzed at locations in Argentina, Australia, India, and The Netherlands as part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Pilot. Each model simulated 1981–2010 grain yield, and we evaluate results against the interannual variability of growing season temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. The amount of information used for calibration has only a minor effect on most models' climate response, and even small multi-model ensembles prove beneficial. Wheat model clusters reveal common characteristics of yield response to climate; however models rarely share the same cluster at all four sites indicating substantial independence. Only a weak relationship (R 2 ≤ 0.24) was found between the models' sensitivities to interannual temperature variability and their response to long-term warming, suggesting that additional processes differentiate climate change impacts from observed climate variability analogs and motivating continuing analysis and model development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Modelling & Software is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Wheat
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Precipitation variability
KW  - Wheat -- Yields
KW  - Temperature -- Physiological effect
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - AgMIP
KW  - Climate impacts
KW  - Crop modeling
KW  - Interannual variability
KW  - Multi-model ensemble
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 115552156; Ruane, Alex C. 1; Email Address: Alexander.C.Ruane@nasa.gov; Hudson, Nicholas I. 2; Asseng, Senthold 3; Camarrano, Davide 3,4; Ewert, Frank 5,6; Martre, Pierre 7,8; Boote, Kenneth J. 3; Thorburn, Peter J. 9; Aggarwal, Pramod K. 10; Angulo, Carlos 5; Basso, Bruno 11; Bertuzzi, Patrick 12; Biernath, Christian 13; Brisson, Nadine 14,15; Challinor, Andrew J. 16,17; Doltra, Jordi 18; Gayler, Sebastian 19; Goldberg, Richard 2; Grant, Robert F. 20; Heng, Lee 21; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA; 2: Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, NY, USA; 3: Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; 4: James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; 5: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Universität Bonn, D-53 115, Germany; 6: Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15 374 Müncheberg, Germany; 7: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals (GDEC), F-63 100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; 8: INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR759 LEPSE, F-34060 Montpellier, France; 9: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia; 10: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Water Management Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; 11: Department of Geological Sciences and Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA; 12: INRA, US1116 AgroClim, F-84 914 Avignon, France; 13: Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany; 14: INRA, UMR0211 Agronomie, F-78 750 Thiverval-Grignon, France; 15: AgroParisTech, UMR0211 Agronomie, F-78 750 Thiverval-Grignon, France; 16: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, United Kingdom; 17: CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, A.A. 6713, 763537 Cali, Colombia; 18: Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, 39600 Muriedas, Spain; 19: Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Universität Hohenheim, D-70 599 Stuttgart, Germany; 20: Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada; 21: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1400 Vienna, Austria; Issue Info: Jul2016, Vol. 81, p86; Thesaurus Term: Wheat; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation variability; Subject Term: Wheat -- Yields; Subject Term: Temperature -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: AgMIP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interannual variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-model ensemble; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.03.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115552156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barad, Michael F.
AU  - Brehm, Christoph
AU  - Kiris, Cetin C.
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
T1  - Parallel adaptive high-order CFD simulations characterising SOFIA cavity acoustics.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 443
SN  - 10618562
AB  - This paper presents large-scale parallel computational fluid dynamics simulations for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). SOFIA is an airborne, 2.5-m infrared telescope mounted in an open cavity in the aft fuselage of a Boeing 747SP. These simulations focus on how the unsteady flow field inside and over the cavity interferes with the optical path and mounting structure of the telescope. A temporally fourth-order accurate Runge–Kutta, and a spatially fifth-order accurate WENO-5Z scheme were used to perform implicit large eddy simulations. An immersed boundary method provides automated gridding for complex geometries and natural coupling to a block-structured Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement framework. Strong scaling studies using NASA's Pleiades supercomputer with up to 32 k CPU cores and 4 billion computational cells show excellent scaling. Dynamic load balancing based on execution time on individual adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) blocks addresses irregular numerical cost associated with blocks containing boundaries. Limits to scaling beyond 32 k cores are identified, and targeted code optimisations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Parallel algorithms
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Computational physics
KW  - Supercomputers
KW  - higher order
KW  - immersed boundary
KW  - parallel CFD applications
KW  - Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 119475904; Barad, Michael F. 1; Brehm, Christoph 1; Kiris, Cetin C. 1; Biswas, Rupak 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field,Mountain View, CA, USA; Issue Info: Jul2016, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p437; Subject Term: Parallel algorithms; Subject Term: Computational fluid dynamics; Subject Term: Computational physics; Subject Term: Supercomputers; Author-Supplied Keyword: higher order; Author-Supplied Keyword: immersed boundary; Author-Supplied Keyword: parallel CFD applications ; Company/Entity: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618562.2016.1222073
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ceze, Marco A.
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
T1  - Global convergence strategies for a spectral-element space-time discontinuous-Galerkin discretization of the Navier Stokes–equations.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 449
SN  - 10618562
AB  - This paper presents two global convergence strategies for a spectral-element, space-time discretisation of the Navier–Stokes equations. The first employs a hierarchical temporal mesh subdivision and polynomial order reduction to approximate the high-order solution. The second generalises Pseudo-Transient Continuation for steady problems to a space-time system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Navier-Stokes equations
KW  - Spectral analysis (Phonetics)
KW  - Galerkin methods
KW  - Calculations & mathematical techniques in atomic physics
KW  - Newton continuation methods
KW  - space-time discretization
N1  - Accession Number: 119475909; Ceze, Marco A. 1; Murman, Scott M. 1; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: Jul2016, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p444; Thesaurus Term: Numerical analysis; Subject Term: Navier-Stokes equations; Subject Term: Spectral analysis (Phonetics); Subject Term: Galerkin methods; Subject Term: Calculations & mathematical techniques in atomic physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Newton continuation methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: space-time discretization; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618562.2016.1250348
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
AU  - DuBois, Paul
AU  - Hoffarth, Canio
AU  - Harrington, Joseph
AU  - Rajan, Subramaniam
AU  - Blankenhorn, Gunther
T1  - Development of an Orthotropic Elasto-Plastic Generalized Composite Material Model Suitable for Impact Problems.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
J1  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
PY  - 2016/07//
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The need for accurate material models to simulate the deformation, damage, and failure of polymer matrix composites under impact conditions is becoming critical as these materials are gaining increased usage in the aerospace and automotive industries. There are a variety of material models currently available within commercial transient dynamic finite-element codes to analyze the response of composite materials under impact conditions. However, there are several features that are lacking in the currently available models that could improve the predictive capability of the impact simulations. To address these needs, a combined elasto-plastic model with damage suitable for implementation within transient dynamic finite-element codes has been developed. A key feature of the improved material model is the use of tabulated stress-strain data in a variety of coordinate directions to fully define the stress-strain response of the material. Currently, the model development efforts have focused on creating the plasticity portion of the model. A commonly used composite failure model has been generalized and extended to a strain-hardening-based orthotropic yield function with a non-associative flow rule. The coefficients of the yield function are computed based on the input stress-strain curves using the effective plastic strain as the tracking variable. The coefficients of the flow rule are determined in a systematic manner based on the available stress-strain data for the material. The evolution of the yield surface is examined, in detail, for a sample composite. A numerical algorithm based on the classic radial return method is employed to compute the evolution of the effective plastic strain. A specific laminated composite is examined to demonstrate the process of characterizing and analyzing the response of a composite using the developed model. The developed material model is suitable for use within commercial transient dynamic finite-element codes for use in analyzing the nonlinear response of polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) -- Measurement -- Research
KW  - AEROSPACE industries -- Research
KW  - AUTOMOBILE industry -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - FINITE element method -- Research
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 116207879; Source Information: Jul2016, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) -- Measurement -- Research; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries -- Research; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE industry -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: FINITE element method -- Research; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Research; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 11p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000580
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
T1  - Optimization of an Aeroservoelastic Wing with Distributed Multiple Control Surfaces.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/07//
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1144
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper considers the aeroelastic optimization of a subsonic transport wing box under a variety of static and dynamic aeroelastic constraints. Three types of design variables are used: structural variables (skin thickness, stiffener details), the quasi-steady deflection scheduling of a series of control surfaces distributed along the trailing edge for maneuver load alleviation and trim attainment, and the design details of a linear quadratic regulator controller (for flutter suppression), which commands oscillatory hinge moments into those same control surfaces. Optimization problems are solved where a closed-loop flutter constraint is forced to satisfy the required flight margin, and mass reduction benefits are realized by relaxing the open-loop flutter requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118118341; Source Information: Jul2016, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p1131; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033613
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lyons, Joseph B.
AU  - Fergueson, William E.
AU  - Cals, Samantha D.
AU  - Richardson, Casey E.
AU  - Ho, Nhut T.
AU  - Sadler, Garrett G.
AU  - Wilkins, Mark A.
T1  - Trust of an Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance Technology: A Fighter Pilot Perspective.
JO  - Military Psychology (American Psychological Association)
JF  - Military Psychology (American Psychological Association)
J1  - Military Psychology (American Psychological Association)
PY  - 2016/07//
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 277
SN  - 08995605
AB  - The present study examined the antecedents of trust among operational Air Force fighter pilots for an automatic ground collision avoidance technology. This technology offered a platform with high face validity for studying trust in automation because it is an automatic system currently being used in operations by the Air Force. Pilots (N = 142) responded to an online survey which asked about their attitudes toward the technology and assessed a number of psychological factors. Consistent with prior research on trust in automation, a number of trust antecedents were identified which corresponded to human factors, learned trust factors, and situational factors. Implications for the introduction of novel automatic systems into the military are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Military Psychology (American Psychological Association) is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - SURVEYS
KW  - TRUST
KW  - UNITED States. Air Force
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 120018752; Source Information: 2016, Vol. 28 Issue 4, p271; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: TRUST; Subject Term: UNITED States. Air Force; Subject Term: ; Geographic Subject: UNITED States; Geographic Subject: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1037/mil0000124
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lapotre, M. G. A.
AU  - Ewing, R. C.
AU  - Lamb, M. P.
AU  - Fischer, W. W.
AU  - Grotzinger, J. P.
AU  - Rubin, D. M.
AU  - Lewis, K. W.
AU  - Ballard, M. J.
AU  - Day, M.
AU  - Gupta, S.
AU  - Banham, S. G.
AU  - Bridges, N. T.
AU  - Marais, D. J. Des
AU  - Fraeman, A. A.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Mischna, M. A.
AU  - Rice, M. S.
AU  - Sumner, D. A.
T1  - Large wind ripples on Mars: A record of atmospheric evolution.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/07//7/1/2016
VL  - 353
IS  - 6294
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 58
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Wind blowing over sand on Earth produces decimeter-wavelength ripples and hundred-meter- to kilometer-wavelength dunes: bedforms of two distinct size modes. Observations from the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal that Mars hosts a third stable wind-driven bedform, with meter-scale wavelengths. These bedforms are spatially uniform in size and typically have asymmetric profiles with angle-of-repose lee slopes and sinuous crest lines, making them unlike terrestrial wind ripples. Rather, these structures resemble fluid-drag ripples, which on Earth include water-worked current ripples, but on Mars instead form by wind because of the higher kinematic viscosity of the low-density atmosphere. A reevaluation of the wind-deposited strata in the Burns formation (about 3.7 billion years old or younger) identifies potential wind-drag ripple stratification formed under a thin atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Mars (Planet)
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Winds
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 116649200; Lapotre, M. G. A. 1; Email Address: mlapotre@caltech.edu; Ewing, R. C. 2; Lamb, M. P. 1; Fischer, W. W. 1; Grotzinger, J. P. 1; Rubin, D. M. 3; Lewis, K. W. 4; Ballard, M. J. 2; Day, M. 5; Gupta, S. 6; Banham, S. G. 6; Bridges, N. T. 7; Marais, D. J. Des 8; Fraeman, A. A. 1,9; Grant, J. A. 10; Herkenhoff, K. E. 11; Ming, D. W. 12; Mischna, M. A. 9; Rice, M. S. 13; Sumner, D. A. 14; Affiliations: 1: Division of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; 2: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; 3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; 4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; 5: Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; 6: Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK; 7: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; 8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 10: National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA; 11: Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1698, USA; 12: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; 13: Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9080, USA; 14: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Issue Info: 7/1/2016, Vol. 353 Issue 6294, p55; Thesaurus Term: ATMOSPHERE; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: Mars (Planet); Subject Term: Wavelengths; Subject Term: Winds; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT ; Company/Entity: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaf3206
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woiwode, Wolfgang
AU  - Höpfner, Michael
AU  - Lei Bi
AU  - Pitts, Michael C.
AU  - Poole, Lamont R.
AU  - Oelhaf, Hermann
AU  - Molleker, Sergej
AU  - Borrmann, Stephan
AU  - Klingebiel, Marcus
AU  - Belyaev, Gennady
AU  - Ebersoldt, Andreas
AU  - Griessbach, Sabine
AU  - Grooβ, Jens-Uwe
AU  - Gulde, Thomas
AU  - Krämer, Martina
AU  - Maucher, Guido
AU  - Piesch, Christof
AU  - Rolf, Christian
AU  - Sartorius, Christian
AU  - Spang, Reinhold
T1  - Spectroscopic evidence of large aspherical β-NAT particles involved in denitrification in the December 2011 Arctic stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 16
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 9505
EP  - 9532
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - We analyze polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) signatures in airborne MIPAS-STR (Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding - STRatospheric aircraft) observations in the spectral regions from 725 to 990 and 1150 to 1350 cm-1 under conditions suitable for the existence of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) above northern Scandinavia on 11 December 2011. The high-resolution infrared limb emission spectra of MIPAS-STR show a characteristic "shoulder-like" signature in the spectral region around 820 cm-1, which is attributed to the ν2 symmetric deformation mode of NO-3 in β-NAT. Using radiative transfer calculations involving Mie and T-Matrix methods, the spectral signatures of spherical and aspherical particles are simulated. The simulations are constrained using collocated in situ particle measurements. Simulations assuming highly aspherical spheroids with aspect ratios (AR) of 0.1 or 10.0 and a lognormal particle mode with a mode radius of 4.8 μm reproduce the observed spectra to a high degree. A smaller lognormal mode with a mode radius of 2.0 μm, which is also taken into account, plays only a minor role. Within the scenarios analyzed, the best overall agreement is found for elongated spheroids with AR=0.1. Simulations of spherical particles and spheroids with AR=0.5 and 2.0 return results very similar to each other and do not allow us to reproduce the signature around 820 cm-1. The observed "shoulder-like" signature is explained by the combination of the absorption/ emission and scattering characteristics of large highly aspherical β-NAT particles. The size distribution supported by our results corresponds to ~9 ppbv of gas-phase equivalent HNO3 at the flight altitude of ~18.5 km. The results are compared with the size distributions derived from the in situ observations, a corresponding Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) simulation, and excess gas-phase HNO3 observed in a nitrification layer directly below the observed PSC. The presented results suggest that large highly aspherical β-NAT particles involved in denitrification of the polar stratosphere can be identified by means of passive infrared limb emission measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Denitrification
KW  - Atmospheric acoustics
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 117147912; Woiwode, Wolfgang 1; Email Address: wolfgang.woiwode@kit.edu; Höpfner, Michael 1; Lei Bi 2,3; Pitts, Michael C. 4; Poole, Lamont R. 5; Oelhaf, Hermann 1; Molleker, Sergej 6; Borrmann, Stephan 6,7; Klingebiel, Marcus 7,8; Belyaev, Gennady 9; Ebersoldt, Andreas 10; Griessbach, Sabine 11; Grooβ, Jens-Uwe 12; Gulde, Thomas 1; Krämer, Martina 12; Maucher, Guido 1; Piesch, Christof 1; Rolf, Christian 12; Sartorius, Christian 1; Spang, Reinhold 12; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; 3: School of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, 310027; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; 5: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; 6: Particle Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; 7: Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere (IPA), University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 8: Atmosphere in the Earth System Department, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 9: Myasishchev Design Bureau, Zhukovsky-5, Moscow Region, Russia; 10: Institute for Data Processing and Electronics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany; 11: Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; 12: Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 14, p9505; Thesaurus Term: Stratosphere; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Denitrification; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric acoustics; Subject Term: Nitric acid; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-9505-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ern, Manfred
AU  - Quang Thai Trinh
AU  - Kaufmann, Martin
AU  - Krisch, Isabell
AU  - Preusse, Peter
AU  - Ungermann, Jörn
AU  - Yajun Zhu
AU  - Gille, John C.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Russell III, James M.
AU  - Schwartz, Michael J.
AU  - Riese, Martin
T1  - Satellite observations of middle atmosphere gravity wave absolute momentum flux and of its vertical gradient during recent stratospheric warmings.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 16
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 9983
EP  - 10019
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are circulation anomalies in the polar region during winter. They mostly occur in the Northern Hemisphere and affect also surface weather and climate. Both planetary waves and gravity waves contribute to the onset and evolution of SSWs. While the role of planetary waves for SSW evolution has been recognized, the effect of gravity waves is still not fully understood, and has not been comprehensively analyzed based on global observations. In particular, information on the gravity wave driving of the background winds during SSWs is still missing. We investigate the boreal winters from 2001/2002 until 2013/2014. Absolute gravity wave momentum fluxes and gravity wave dissipation (potential drag) are estimated from temperature observations of the satellite instruments HIRDLS and SABER. In agreement with previous work, we find that sometimes gravity wave activity is enhanced before or around the central date of major SSWs, particularly during vortex-split events. Often, SSWs are associated with polar-night jet oscillation (PJO) events. For these events, we find that gravity wave activity is strongly suppressed when the wind has reversed from eastward to westward (usually after the central date of a major SSW). In addition, gravity wave potential drag at the bottom of the newly forming eastward-directed jet is remarkably weak, while considerable potential drag at the top of the jet likely contributes to the downward propagation of both the jet and the new elevated stratopause. During PJO events, we also find some indication for poleward propagation of gravity waves. Another striking finding is that obviously localized gravity wave sources, likely mountain waves and jet-generated gravity waves, play an important role during the evolution of SSWs and potentially contribute to the triggering of SSWs by preconditioning the shape of the polar vortex. The distribution of these hot spots is highly variable and strongly depends on the zonal and meridional shape of the background wind field, indicating that a pure zonal average view sometimes is a too strong simplification for the strongly perturbed conditions during the evolution of SSWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Natural satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 117674611; Ern, Manfred 1; Email Address: m.ern@fz-juelich.de; Quang Thai Trinh 1; Kaufmann, Martin 1; Krisch, Isabell 1; Preusse, Peter 1; Ungermann, Jörn 1; Yajun Zhu 1; Gille, John C. 2,3; Mlynczak, Martin G. 4; Russell III, James M. 5; Schwartz, Michael J. 6; Riese, Martin 1; Affiliations: 1: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung, Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany; 2: Center for Limb Atmospheric Sounding, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Vol. 16 Issue 15, p9983; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric circulation; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Global warming; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Gravity waves; Subject Term: Natural satellites; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-16-9983-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brattich, Erika
AU  - Hongyu Liu
AU  - Tositti, Laura
AU  - Considine, David B.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
T1  - Processes controlling the seasonal variations of 210Pb and 7Be at the Mt. Cimone WMO-GAW global station, Italy: A model analysis.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/08//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 53
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We apply the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model driven by the NASA's MERRA assimilated meteorological data to simulate the seasonal variations of two radionuclide aerosol tracers (terrigenous 210Pb and cosmogenic 7Be) at the WMO-GAW station of Mt. Cimone (44°12' N, 10°42' E, 2165 m a.s.l., Italy), which is representative of free-tropospheric conditions most of the year, during 2005 with an aim to understand the roles of transport and precipitation scavenging processes in controlling their seasonality. The total precipitation field in the MERRA data set is evaluated with the Global Precipitation Climatology project (GPCP) observations, and a generally good agreement is found. The model reproduces reasonably the observed seasonal pattern of 210Pb concentrations, characterized by a wintertime minimum due to lower 222Rn emissions and weaker uplift from the boundary layer and summertime maxima resulting from strong convection over the continent. The observed seasonal behavior of 7Be concentrations shows a winter minimum, a summer maximum, and a secondary spring maximum. The model captures the observed 7Be pattern in winter-spring, which is linked to the larger stratospheric influence during spring. However, the model tends to underestimate the observed 7Be concentrations in summer, partially due to the sensitivity to spatial sampling in the model. Model sensitivity experiments indicate a dominant role of precipitation scavenging (versus dry deposition and convection) in controlling the seasonality of 210Pb and 7Be concentrations at Mt. Cimone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Lead isotopes
KW  - Beryllium isotopes
KW  - Meteorological observations
KW  - Meteorological stations
KW  - Italy
N1  - Accession Number: 117949028; Brattich, Erika 1; Email Address: erika.brattich@unibo.it; Hongyu Liu 2; Email Address: hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov; Tositti, Laura 1; Email Address: laura.tositti@unibo.it; Considine, David B. 3; Email Address: david.b.considine@nasa.gov; Crawford, James H. 4; Email Address: james.h.crawford@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Department of Chemistry "G Ciamician", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna (BO), 40126, Italy; 2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia, Virginia, VA 23681, USA; 3: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, VA 23681, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Subject Term: Lead isotopes; Subject Term: Beryllium isotopes; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Subject Term: Meteorological stations; Subject: Italy; Number of Pages: 53p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-568
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117949028&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BOUTIN, J.
AU  - CHAO, Y.
AU  - ASHER, W. E.
AU  - DELCROIX, T.
AU  - DRUCKER, R.
AU  - DRUSHKA, K.
AU  - KOLODZIEJCZYK, N.
AU  - LEE, T.
AU  - REUL, N.
AU  - REVERDIN, G.
AU  - SCHANZE, J.
AU  - SOLOVIEV, A.
AU  - YU, L.
AU  - ANDERSON, J.
AU  - BRUCKER, L.
AU  - DINNAT, E.
AU  - SANTOS-GARCIA, A.
AU  - JONES, W. L.
AU  - MAES, C.
AU  - MEISSNER, T.
T1  - SATELLITE AND IN SITU SALINITY.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 97
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1391
EP  - 1407
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article discusses the potential impact of near-surface vertical salinity gradients and subfootprint-scale variability on satellite and in situ salinity data. Topics discussed include the vertical stratification and subfootprint variations, the difference between satellite and in situ salinity and the use of Aquarius instrument for the sensitivity of L-band radiometer and L-band scatterometer.
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Ocean dynamics
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Halocline
KW  - Salinity -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 117802167; BOUTIN, J. 1; Email Address: jb@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr; CHAO, Y. 2; ASHER, W. E. 3; DELCROIX, T. 4; DRUCKER, R.; DRUSHKA, K. 3; KOLODZIEJCZYK, N. 1; LEE, T. 5; REUL, N. 6; REVERDIN, G. 1; SCHANZE, J. 7; SOLOVIEV, A. 8; YU, L. 9; ANDERSON, J. 10; BRUCKER, L. 11; DINNAT, E. 12; SANTOS-GARCIA, A. 13; JONES, W. L. 13; MAES, C. 14; MEISSNER, T. 15; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory, Sorbonne Universites (University Pierre and Marie Curie, University of Paris 6)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, France; 2: Remote Sensing Solutions, Pasadena, California; 3: Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 4: Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiale, Toulouse, France; 5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California; 6: Laboratory of Oceanography from Space, IFREMER, Toulon, France; 7: Earth and Space Research, Seattle, Washington; 8: Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida; 9: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts; 10: School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 11: Universities Space Research Association, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; 12: Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, and Center of Excellence in Earth Systems Modeling and Observations, Chapman University, Orange, California; 13: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida; 14: Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, CNRS-Ifremer-IRD-UBO, Plouzane, France; 15: Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, California; Issue Info: Aug2016, Vol. 97 Issue 8, p1391; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Thesaurus Term: Ocean temperature; Thesaurus Term: Ocean dynamics; Thesaurus Term: Hydrologic cycle; Subject Term: Halocline; Subject Term: Salinity -- Measurement; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00032.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117802167&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tanaka, Tomoaki
AU  - Yates, Emma
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Johnson, Matthew S.
AU  - Gore, Warren
AU  - Tadic, Jovan M.
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
AU  - Kuze, Akihiko
AU  - Frankenberg, Christian
AU  - Butz, Andre
AU  - Yoshida, Yukio
T1  - Two-Year Comparison of Airborne Measurements of CO2 and CH4 With GOSAT at Railroad Valley, Nevada.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 4367
EP  - 4375
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) is a project to measure the atmospheric profiles of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone (O3) regularly over California and Nevada. Airborne instruments measuring GHGs and O3 are installed in a wing pod of an Alpha Jet aircraft and operated from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, CA. The instruments yield precise and accurate <bold>in situ</bold> vertical profiles of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and O 3. Measurements of vertical profiles of GHGs and O3 over Railroad Valley, NV have been conducted directly under the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) over passes on a monthly basis as part of the AJAX project since June 2011. The purpose of this work is to calculate aircraft-based dry-air mole fractions of the GHGs for the validation of GOSAT data products. This study expands and improves our previous comparisons by evaluating three algorithms against 24 months of <bold>in situ</bold> data collected over a Gain-M target. We used three different algorithms: Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS v3.4r3), Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases for Carbon Cycle Modeling (RemoteC v2.3.5FP), and National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES v2.11). We find that the CO2 average differences of ACOS and RemoteC from AJAX are 0.26% and 0.24%, respectively. The difference between NIES and AJAX is 0.96%, which is higher than that of ACOS and RemoteC. The CH4 average differences for RemoteC and NIES are 2.1% and 1.7%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Remote sensing
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - Global warming
KW  - NASA
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellites
KW  - Sea measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 118691624; Tanaka, Tomoaki 1; Yates, Emma 2; Iraci, Laura T. 1; Johnson, Matthew S. 1; Gore, Warren 1; Tadic, Jovan M. 3; Loewenstein, Max 1; Kuze, Akihiko 4; Frankenberg, Christian 5; Butz, Andre 6; Yoshida, Yukio 7; Affiliations: 1: , NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: , Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, CA, USA; 3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA; 4: , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan; 5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; 6: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany; 7: , National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Issue Info: Aug2016, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p4367; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea measurements; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2539973
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=118691624&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gwenzi, David
AU  - Lefsky, Michael A.
AU  - Suchdeo, Vijay P.
AU  - Harding, David J.
T1  - Prospects of the ICESat-2 laser altimetry mission for savanna ecosystem structural studies based on airborne simulation data.
JO  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
JF  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 82
SN  - 09242716
AB  - The next planned spaceborne lidar mission is the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2), which will use the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) sensor, a photon counting technique. To pre-validate the capability of this mission for studying three dimensional vegetation structure in savannas, we assessed the potential of the measurement approach to estimate canopy height in an oak savanna landscape. We used data from the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), an airborne photon counting lidar sensor developed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. ATLAS-like data was generated using the MATLAS simulator, which adjusts MABEL data’s detected number of signal and noise photons to that expected from the ATLAS instrument. Transects flown over the Tejon ranch conservancy in Kern County, California, USA were used for this work. For each transect we chose to use data from the near infrared channel that had the highest number of photons. We segmented each transect into 50 m, 25 m and 14 m long blocks and aggregated the photons in each block into a histogram based on their elevation values. We then used an automated algorithm to identify cut off points where the cumulative density of photons from the highest elevation indicates the presence of the canopy top and likewise where such cumulative density from the lowest elevation indicates the mean terrain elevation. MABEL derived height metrics were moderately correlated to discrete return lidar (DRL) derived height metrics ( r 2 and RMSE values ranging from 0.60 to 0.73 and 2.9 m to 4.4 m respectively) but MATLAS simulation resulted in more modest correlations with DRL indices ( r 2 ranging from 0.5 to 0.64 and RMSE from 3.6 m to 4.6 m). Simulations also indicated that the expected number of signal photons from ATLAS will be substantially lower, a situation that reduces canopy height estimation precision especially in areas of low density vegetation cover. On the basis of the simulated data, there is reason to believe that the ability of ICESat-2 to estimate height in savannas will be comparable to the original ICESat mission although the respective sensors have different measurement principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Savanna ecology
KW  - Laser altimeters
KW  - Space-based radar
KW  - Photon counting
KW  - Canopy height
KW  - ICESat-2
KW  - MABEL
KW  - MATLAS
KW  - Photon counting lidar
KW  - Savanna
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - Goddard Library (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 115798383; Gwenzi, David 1; Email Address: dgwenzi@rams.colostate.edu; Lefsky, Michael A. 1; Suchdeo, Vijay P. 2; Harding, David J. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, NESB 108, 1499 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA; 2: Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Aug2016, Vol. 118, p68; Thesaurus Term: Savanna ecology; Subject Term: Laser altimeters; Subject Term: Space-based radar; Subject Term: Photon counting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy height; Author-Supplied Keyword: ICESat-2; Author-Supplied Keyword: MABEL; Author-Supplied Keyword: MATLAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photon counting lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Savanna ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration ; Company/Entity: Goddard Library (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.04.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=115798383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Measurements of fog water interception by shrubs on the California central coast.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 325
SN  - 14000350
AB  - Fog water deposition may be an important component of the water budget of herbaceous-shrub ecosystems on the central and southern coastal regions of California. This paper presents the first analysis of measured fog water drip rates and meteorological controls in shrublands of Big Sur, California. Seasonal totals of 1255 mm and 306 mm of fog water drip were recorded in 2014 and 2015 (respectively), for averaged fog deposition rates of 0.02-0.08 l m hr. to the soil under shrub canopy cover. The diurnal patterns of fog water drip showed that the majority of all trough water collected under shrubs on no-rain days occurred between the hours of 11 PM and 9 AM. During the study period from June 1 to October 31 of both 2014 and 2015, soil water content decreased significantly from average levels of 4-6 % at the shrub canopy center and middle locations, through 2-3 % VWC at the shrub edge locations, to levels at or below 2 % at 2-m distance locations from the shrub edge in open grass cover. Based on these results, we conclude that detectable rates of shrub canopy fog interception help sustain elevated soil water levels under shrubs and aid woody vegetation survival through periods of low rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Rain & rainfall
KW  - Central California
KW  - Coastal shrub
KW  - Deposition
KW  - Fog
KW  - Water budget
N1  - Accession Number: 116774455; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Issue Info: Aug2016, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p315; Thesaurus Term: Soil moisture; Thesaurus Term: Rain & rainfall; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal shrub; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water budget; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-016-0443-y
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116774455&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bush, Drew1,2
AU  - Sieber, Renee1,2
AU  - Seiler, Gale3
AU  - Chandler, Mark4
T1  - The Teaching of Anthropogenic Climate Change and Earth Science via Technology-Enabled Inquiry Education.
JO  - Journal of Geoscience Education
JF  - Journal of Geoscience Education
J1  - Journal of Geoscience Education
PY  - 2016/08//
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
CP  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
EP  - 174
SN  - 10899995
AB  - A gap has existed between the tools and processes of scientists working on anthropogenic global climate change (AGCC) and the technologies and curricula available to educators teaching the subject through student inquiry. Designing realistic scientific inquiry into AGCC poses a challenge because research on it relies on complex computer models, globally distributed data sets, and complex laboratory and data collection procedures. Here we examine efforts by the scientific community and educational researchers to design new curricula and technology that close this gap and impart robust AGCC and Earth Science understanding. We find technology-based teaching shows promise in promoting robust AGCC understandings if associated curricula address mitigating factors such as time constraints in incorporating technology and the need to support teachers implementing AGCC and Earth Science inquiry. We recommend the scientific community continue to collaborate with educational researchers to focus on developing those inquiry technologies and curricula that use realistic scientific processes from AGCC research and/or the methods for determining how human society should respond to global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
KW  - Educational technology
KW  - Earth sciences -- Study & teaching (Higher)
KW  - Effect of human beings on climatic changes -- Study & teaching
N1  - Accession Number: 117576981; Authors:Bush, Drew 1,2; Sieber, Renee 1,2; Seiler, Gale 3; Chandler, Mark 4; Affiliations:  1: Department of Geography, McGill University, Room 705 Burnside Hall Building, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0B9, Canada;  2: McGill School of Environment, McGill University, 3534 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2A7, Canada;  3: School of Education, Iowa State University, 1620 Lagomarcino Hall, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA;  4: Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025, USA; Subject: Effect of human beings on climatic changes -- Study & teaching; Subject: Educational technology; Subject: Earth sciences -- Study & teaching (Higher); Author-Supplied Keyword: anthropogenic climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Science; Author-Supplied Keyword: inquiry; Author-Supplied Keyword: technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Record Type: Article
L3  - 10.5408/15-127
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eft&AN=117576981&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eft
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
AU  - Thompson, David
T1  - Prediction of renal crystalline size distributions in space using a PBE analytic model. 1. Effect of microgravity-induced biochemical alterations.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 311
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - F520
EP  - F530
SN  - 1931857X
AB  - An analytical Population Balance Equation model is developed and used to assess the risk of critical renal stone formation for astronauts during future space missions. The model uses the renal biochemical profile of the subject as input and predicts the steady-state size distribution of the nucleating, growing, and agglomerating calcium oxalate crystals during their transit through the kidney. The model is verified through comparison with published results of several crystallization experiments. Numerical results indicate that the model is successful in clearly distinguishing between 1-G normal and 1-G recurrent stone-former subjects based solely on their published 24-h urine biochemical profiles. Numerical case studies further show that the predicted renal calculi size distribution for a microgravity astronaut is closer to that of a recurrent stone former on Earth rather than to a normal subject in 1 G. This interestingly implies that the increase in renal stone risk level in microgravity is relatively more significant for a normal person than a stone former. However, numerical predictions still underscore that the stone-former subject carries by far the highest absolute risk of critical stone formation during space travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KIDNEY stones
KW  - WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - agglomeration
KW  - crystal growth
KW  - crystal nucleation
KW  - gravity
KW  - nephrolithiasis
KW  - weightlessness
N1  - Accession Number: 118092259; Kassemi, Mohammad 1; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov; Thompson, David 1; Source Information: Sep2016, Vol. 311 Issue 3, pF520; Subject: KIDNEY stones; Subject: WEIGHTLESSNESS; Subject: CRYSTAL growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: agglomeration; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: nephrolithiasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: weightlessness; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajprenal.00401.2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=118092259&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
AU  - Thompson, David
T1  - Prediction of renal crystalline size distributions in space using a PBE analytic model. 2. Effect of dietary countermeasures.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 311
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - F531
EP  - F538
SN  - 1931857X
AB  - An analytic Population Balance Equation model is used to assess the efficacy of citrate, pyrophosphate, and augmented fluid intake as dietary countermeasures aimed at reducing the risk of renal stone formation for astronauts. The model uses the measured biochemical profile of the astronauts as input and predicts the steady-state size distribution of the nucleating, growing, and agglomerating renal calculi subject to biochemical changes brought about by administration of these dietary countermeasures. Numerical predictions indicate that an increase in citrate levels beyond its average normal groundbased urinary values is beneficial but only to a limited extent. Unfortunately, results also indicate that any decline in the citrate levels during space travel below its normal urinary values on Earth can easily move the astronaut into the stone-forming risk category. Pyrophosphate is found to be an effective inhibitor since numerical predictions indicate that even at quite small urinary concentrations, it has the potential of shifting the maximum crystal aggregate size to a much smaller and plausibly safer range. Finally, our numerical results predict a decline in urinary volume below 1.5 liters/day can act as a dangerous promoter of renal stone development in microgravity while urinary volume levels of 2.5-3 liters/day can serve as effective space countermeasures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KIDNEY stones
KW  - WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - agglomeration
KW  - crystal growth
KW  - crystal nucleation
KW  - dietary countermeasures
KW  - gravity
KW  - inhibition
KW  - nephrolithiasis
KW  - weightlessness
N1  - Accession Number: 118092260; Kassemi, Mohammad 1; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov; Thompson, David 1; Source Information: Sep2016, Vol. 311 Issue 3, pF531; Subject: KIDNEY stones; Subject: WEIGHTLESSNESS; Subject: NUCLEATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: agglomeration; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dietary countermeasures; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: nephrolithiasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: weightlessness; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajprenal.00402.2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hch&AN=118092260&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - hch
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khaykin, Sergey M.
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
AU  - Keckhut, Philippe
AU  - Hauchecorne, Alain
AU  - Jumelet, Julien
AU  - Vernier, Jean-Paul
AU  - Bourassa, Adam
AU  - Degenstein, Doug A.
AU  - Reiger, Landon A.
AU  - Bingen, Christine
AU  - Vanhellemont, Filip
AU  - Robert, Charles
AU  - DeLand, Matthew
AU  - Bhartia, Pawan K.
T1  - Variability and evolution of mid-latitude stratospheric aerosol budget from 22 years of ground-based lidar and satellite observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/09//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The article presents new high-quality continuous stratospheric aerosol observations spanning 1994-2015 at the French Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP, 44° N, 6° E) obtained by two independent regularly-maintained lidar systems. Lidar series are compared with global-coverage observations by Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II), Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS), Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite (OMPS) satellite instruments, altogether covering the time span of OHP lidar measurements. Local OHP and zonal-mean satellite series of stratospheric aerosol optical depth are in excellent agreement, allowing for accurate characterization of stratospheric aerosol evolution and variability at Northern mid-latitudes during the post-Pinatubo era. The combination of local and global observations is used for careful separation between volcanically-perturbed and quiescent periods. While the volcanic signatures dominate the stratospheric aerosol record, the background aerosol abundance is found to be modulated remotely by poleward transport of convectively-cleansed air from the deep tropics and aerosol-laden air from the Asian monsoon region. The annual cycle of background aerosol at mid-latitudes, featuring a minimum during late spring and a maximum during late summer, correlates with that of water vapour from Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Observations covering two volcanically-quiescent periods over the last two decades provide indication of a growth in the non-volcanic component of stratospheric aerosol. A statistically-significant factor of two increase of non-volcanic aerosol since 1998, seasonally restricted to late-summer and fall, is associated with the influence of the Asian monsoon and growing pollution therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - Monsoons -- Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 118841962; Khaykin, Sergey M. 1; Email Address: sergey.khaykin@latmos.ipsl.fr; Godin-Beekmann, Sophie 1; Email Address: sophie.godin-beekmann@latmos.ipsl.fr; Keckhut, Philippe 1; Email Address: keckhut@latmos.ipsl.fr; Hauchecorne, Alain 1; Email Address: alain.hauchecorne@latmos.ipsl.fr; Jumelet, Julien 1; Email Address: julien.jumelet@latmos.ipsl.fr; Vernier, Jean-Paul 2,3; Email Address: jeanpaul.vernier@nasa.gov; Bourassa, Adam 4; Email Address: adam.bourassa@usask.ca; Degenstein, Doug A. 4; Email Address: doug.degenstein@usask.ca; Reiger, Landon A. 4; Email Address: landon.rieger@usask.ca; Bingen, Christine 5; Email Address: Christine.Bingen@aeronomie.be; Vanhellemont, Filip 5; Email Address: Filip.Vanhellemont@oma.be; Robert, Charles 5; Email Address: charles.robert@aeronomie.be; DeLand, Matthew 6; Email Address: matthew.deland@ssaihq.com; Bhartia, Pawan K. 7; Email Address: pawan.k.bhartia@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Guyancourt, France; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; 5: Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric ozone; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: Monsoons -- Asia; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-846
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=118841962&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schumann, Ulrich
AU  - Baumann, Robert
AU  - Baumgardner, Darrel
AU  - Bedka, Sarah T.
AU  - Duda, David P.
AU  - Freudenthaler, Volker
AU  - Gayet, Jean-Francois
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Quante, Markus
AU  - Raschke, Ehrhard
AU  - Schlager, Hans
AU  - Vázquez-Navarro, Margarita
AU  - Voigt, Christiane
AU  - Zhien Wang
T1  - Properties of individual contrails: A compilation of observations and some comparisons.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/09//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 62
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Mean properties of individual contrails are characterized for a wide range of jet aircraft as a function of age during their lifecycle from seconds to 11.5 hours (7.4 to 18.7 km altitude, -88 °C to -31 °C ambient temperature), based on a compilation of about 230 previous in-situ and remote sensing measurements. The airborne, satellite, and ground-based observations encompass exhaust contrails from jet aircraft since 1972, and a few older data for propeller aircraft. The contrails are characterized by mean ice particle sizes and concentrations, extinction, ice water content, optical depth, geometrical depth, and contrail width. Integral contrail properties include the cross-section area and total number of ice particles, total ice water content, and total extinction (area-integral of extinction) per contrail length. When known, the contrail-causing aircraft and ambient conditions are characterized. The individual datasets are briefly described, including a few new analyses performed for this study, and compiled together to form a "contrail library" (COLI). The data are compared with results of the Contrail Cirrus Prediction model CoCiP. The observations confirm that the number of ice particles in contrails is controlled by the engine exhaust and the formation process in the jet phase, with some particle losses in the wake vortex phase, followed later by weak decreases with time. Contrail cross-sections grow more quickly than expected from exhaust dilution. The cross-section integrated extinction follows an algebraic approximation. The ratio of volume to effective mean radius decreases with time. The ice water content increases with increasing temperature, similar to non-contrail cirrus, while the equivalent relative humidity over ice saturation of the contrail ice mass increases at lower temperatures in the data. Several contrails were observed in warm air above the Schmidt-Appleman threshold temperature. The "emission index" of ice particles, i.e. the number of ice particles formed in the young contrail per burnt fuel mass, is estimated from the measured concentrations for estimated dilution; maximum values exceed 1015 kg-1. The dependence of the data on the observation methods is discussed. We find no obvious indication for significant contributions from spurious particles resulting from shattering of ice crystals on the microphysical probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FUEL
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Jet planes
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Remote-sensing images
N1  - Accession Number: 118841939; Schumann, Ulrich 1; Email Address: ulrich.schumann@dlr.de; Baumann, Robert 1; Email Address: Robert.Baumann@dlr.de; Baumgardner, Darrel 2; Email Address: darrel.baumgardner@gmail.com; Bedka, Sarah T. 3; Email Address: sarah.t.bedka@nasa.gov; Duda, David P. 3; Email Address: david.p.duda@nasa.gov; Freudenthaler, Volker 4; Email Address: volker.freudenthaler@physik.uni-muenchen.de; Gayet, Jean-Francois 5; Email Address: jfgayet@orange.fr; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 6; Email Address: heyms1@ucar.edu; Minnis, Patrick 7; Email Address: p.minnis@nasa.gov; Quante, Markus 8; Email Address: markus.quante@hzg.de; Raschke, Ehrhard 9; Email Address: drraschke@aol.com; Schlager, Hans 1; Email Address: hans.schlager@dlr.de; Vázquez-Navarro, Margarita 1; Email Address: margarita.vazquez@dlr.de; Voigt, Christiane 1,10; Email Address: christiane.voigt@dlr.de; Zhien Wang 11; Email Address: zwang@uwyo.edu; Affiliations: 1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, 80334, Germany; 2: Droplet Measurement Technologies Inc, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Meteorologisches Institut, Munich, Germany; 5: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 8: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany; 9: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology and University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; 10: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Mainz, Germany; 11: University of Wyoming, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Laramie, Wyoming, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: FUEL; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Subject Term: Jet planes; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Remote-sensing images; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 62p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-773
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=118841939&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hamill, Patrick
AU  - Giordano, Marco
AU  - Ward, Carolyne
AU  - Giles, David
AU  - Holben, Brent
T1  - An AERONET-based aerosol classification using the Mahalanobis distance.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 140
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 233
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We present an aerosol classification based on AERONET aerosol data from 1993 to 2012. We used the AERONET Level 2.0 almucantar aerosol retrieval products to define several reference aerosol clusters which are characteristic of the following general aerosol types: Urban-Industrial, Biomass Burning, Mixed Aerosol, Dust, and Maritime. The classification of a particular aerosol observation as one of these aerosol types is determined by its five-dimensional Mahalanobis distance to each reference cluster. We have calculated the fractional aerosol type distribution at 190 AERONET sites, as well as the monthly variation in aerosol type at those locations. The results are presented on a global map and individually in the supplementary material. Our aerosol typing is based on recognizing that different geographic regions exhibit characteristic aerosol types. To generate reference clusters we only keep data points that lie within a Mahalanobis distance of 2 from the centroid. Our aerosol characterization is based on the AERONET retrieved quantities, therefore it does not include low optical depth values. The analysis is based on “point sources” (the AERONET sites) rather than globally distributed values. The classifications obtained will be useful in interpreting aerosol retrievals from satellite borne instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Atmospheric models
KW  - Almucantar
KW  - Optical depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosol typing
KW  - High AOD events
KW  - Mahalanobis distance
KW  - Seasonal aerosol variation
N1  - Accession Number: 116575548; Hamill, Patrick 1; Email Address: patrick.hamill@sjsu.edu; Giordano, Marco 2; Ward, Carolyne 3; Giles, David 4; Holben, Brent 5; Affiliations: 1: San Jose State University, San Jose, California and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: University of Nevada and Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA; 3: California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications, USA and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Lanham, MD, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 140, p213; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric models; Subject Term: Almucantar; Subject Term: Optical depth (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol typing; Author-Supplied Keyword: High AOD events; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mahalanobis distance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasonal aerosol variation; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116575548&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Creamean, Jessie M.
AU  - White, Allen B.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Prather, Kimberly A.
T1  - The relationships between insoluble precipitation residues, clouds, and precipitation over California’s southern Sierra Nevada during winter storms.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 140
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 310
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Ice formation in orographic mixed-phase clouds can enhance precipitation and depends on the type of aerosols that serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs). The resulting precipitation from these clouds is a viable source of water, especially for regions such as the California Sierra Nevada. Thus, a better understanding of the sources of INPs that impact orographic clouds is important for assessing water availability in California. This study presents a multi-site, multi-year analysis of single-particle insoluble residues in precipitation samples that likely influenced cloud ice and precipitation formation above Yosemite National Park. Dust and biological particles represented the dominant fraction of the residues (64% on average). Cloud glaciation, determined using satellite observations, not only depended on high cloud tops (>5.9 km) and low temperatures (<−23 °C), but also on the presence of what were likely dust and biological INPs. The greatest prevalence of ice-phase clouds occurred in conjunction with biologically-rich residues and mineral dust rich in calcium, followed by iron and aluminosilicates. Dust and biological particles are known to be efficient INPs, thus these residues likely influenced ice formation in clouds above the sites and subsequent precipitation quantities reaching the surface during events with similar meteorology. The goal of this study is to use precipitation chemistry information to gain a better understanding of the potential sources of INPs in the south-central Sierra Nevada, where cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions are poorly understood and where mixed-phase orographic clouds represent a key element in the generation of precipitation and thus the water supply in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Winter storms
KW  - Orographic clouds
KW  - Ice formation & growth
KW  - Glaciation
KW  - Sierra Nevada (Calif. & Nev.)
KW  - Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions
KW  - Cloud glaciation
KW  - Ice nucleation
KW  - Sierra nevada
N1  - Accession Number: 116575531; Creamean, Jessie M. 1,2; Email Address: jessie.creamean@noaa.gov; White, Allen B. 2; Minnis, Patrick 3; Palikonda, Rabindra 4; Spangenberg, Douglas A. 4; Prather, Kimberly A. 5,6; Affiliations: 1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; 2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; 6: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 140, p298; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Winter storms; Subject Term: Orographic clouds; Subject Term: Ice formation & growth; Subject Term: Glaciation; Subject Term: Sierra Nevada (Calif. & Nev.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud glaciation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sierra nevada; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116575531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nyhan, Marguerite
AU  - Sobolevsky, Stanislav
AU  - Kang, Chaogui
AU  - Robinson, Prudence
AU  - Corti, Andrea
AU  - Szell, Michael
AU  - Streets, David
AU  - Lu, Zifeng
AU  - Britter, Rex
AU  - Barrett, Steven R.H.
AU  - Ratti, Carlo
T1  - Predicting vehicular emissions in high spatial resolution using pervasively measured transportation data and microscopic emissions model.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 140
M3  - Article
SP  - 352
EP  - 363
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Air pollution related to traffic emissions pose an especially significant problem in cities; this is due to its adverse impact on human health and well-being. Previous studies which have aimed to quantify emissions from the transportation sector have been limited by either simulated or coarsely resolved traffic volume data. Emissions inventories form the basis of urban pollution models, therefore in this study, Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectory data from a taxi fleet of over 15,000 vehicles were analyzed with the aim of predicting air pollution emissions for Singapore. This novel approach enabled the quantification of instantaneous drive cycle parameters in high spatio-temporal resolution, which provided the basis for a microscopic emissions model. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were thus estimated. Highly localized areas of elevated emissions levels were identified, with a spatio-temporal precision not possible with previously used methods for estimating emissions. Relatively higher emissions areas were mainly concentrated in a few districts that were the Singapore Downtown Core area, to the north of the central urban region and to the east of it. Daily emissions quantified for the total motor vehicle population of Singapore were found to be comparable to another emissions dataset. Results demonstrated that high-resolution spatio-temporal vehicle traces detected using GPS in large taxi fleets could be used to infer highly localized areas of elevated acceleration and air pollution emissions in cities, and may become a complement to traditional emission estimates, especially in emerging cities and countries where reliable fine-grained urban air quality data is not easily available. This is the first study of its kind to investigate measured microscopic vehicle movement in tandem with microscopic emissions modeling for a substantial study domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Transportation
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Well-being
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - Emissions
KW  - Microscopic emissions model
KW  - Microscopic vehicle movement
N1  - Accession Number: 116575525; Nyhan, Marguerite 1; Email Address: mnyhan@mit.edu; Sobolevsky, Stanislav 2; Kang, Chaogui 3; Robinson, Prudence 1; Corti, Andrea 4; Szell, Michael 5; Streets, David 6; Lu, Zifeng 6; Britter, Rex 1; Barrett, Steven R.H. 7; Ratti, Carlo 1; Affiliations: 1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, SENSEable City Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, United States; 2: Centre for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York City, United States; 3: Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; 4: Politecnico di Milano, 32 Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy; 5: Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, United States; 6: Argonne National Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Lemont, IL, United States; 7: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Cambridge, MA, United States; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 140, p352; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Transportation; Thesaurus Term: Urban pollution; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Subject Term: Well-being; Subject Term: Global Positioning System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microscopic emissions model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microscopic vehicle movement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116575525&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - WOOD, ROBERT
AU  - JENSEN, MICHAEL P.
AU  - JIAN WANG
AU  - BRETHERTON, CHRISTOPHER S.
AU  - BURROWS, SUSANNAH M.
AU  - DEL GENIO, ANTHONY D.
AU  - FRIDLIND, ANN M.
AU  - GHAN, STEVEN J.
AU  - GHATE, VIRENDRA P.
AU  - KOLLIAS, PAVLOS
AU  - KRUEGER, STEVEN K.
AU  - MCGRAW, ROBERT L.
AU  - MILLER, MARK A.
AU  - PAINEMAL, DAVID
AU  - RUSSELL, LYNN M.
AU  - YUTER, SANDRA E.
AU  - ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA
T1  - PLANNING THE NEXT DECADE OF COORDINATED RESEARCH TO BETTER UNDERSTAND AND SIMULATE MARINE LOW CLOUDS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 97
IS  - 9
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 1699
EP  - 1702
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Information related to marine low clouds as discussed at a workshop held at the Brookhaven National Laboratory on held January 27-29, 2016 is presented. Topics discussed include influence of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) budget towards low clouds by changing concentration of the cloud droplet; collision-coalescence processes represented by climatic models.
KW  - Cloud condensation nuclei
KW  - Cloud droplets
KW  - Condensation (Meteorology)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Meteorology -- Congresses
N1  - Accession Number: 118963994; WOOD, ROBERT 1; Email Address: robwood2@uw.edu; JENSEN, MICHAEL P. 2; JIAN WANG 2; BRETHERTON, CHRISTOPHER S. 1; BURROWS, SUSANNAH M. 3; DEL GENIO, ANTHONY D. 4; FRIDLIND, ANN M. 4; GHAN, STEVEN J. 3; GHATE, VIRENDRA P. 5; KOLLIAS, PAVLOS 6; KRUEGER, STEVEN K. 7; MCGRAW, ROBERT L. 2; MILLER, MARK A. 8; PAINEMAL, DAVID 9; RUSSELL, LYNN M. 10; YUTER, SANDRA E. 11; ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA 12; Affiliations: 1: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 2: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York; 3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington; 4: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York; 5: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois; 6: Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York; 7: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; 8: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey; 9: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 10: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; 11: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina; 12: University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 97 Issue 9, p1699; Thesaurus Term: Cloud condensation nuclei; Thesaurus Term: Cloud droplets; Thesaurus Term: Condensation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Meteorology -- Congresses; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0160.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=118963994&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdi, A.
AU  - Vrieling, A.
AU  - Yengoh, G.
AU  - Anyamba, A.
AU  - Seaquist, J.
AU  - Ummenhofer, C.
AU  - Ardö, J.
T1  - The El Niño - La Niña cycle and recent trends in supply and demand of net primary productivity in African drylands.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 138
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 125
SN  - 01650009
AB  - Inter-annual climatic variability over a large portion of sub-Saharan Africa is under the influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Extreme variability in climate is a threat to rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, yet the role of ENSO in the balance between supply and demand of net primary productivity (NPP) over this region is unclear. Here, we analyze the impact of ENSO on this balance in a spatially explicit framework using gridded population data from the WorldPop project, satellite-derived data on NPP supply, and statistical data from the United Nations. Our analyses demonstrate that between 2000 and 2013 fluctuations in the supply of NPP associated with moderate ENSO events average ± 2.8 g C m yr. across sub-Saharan drylands. The greatest sensitivity is in arid Southern Africa where a + 1 °C change in the Niño-3.4 sea surface temperature index is associated with a mean change in NPP supply of −6.6 g C m yr.. Concurrently, the population-driven trend in NPP demand averages 3.5 g C m yr. over the entire region with densely populated urban areas exhibiting the highest mean demand for NPP. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for the role ENSO plays in modulating the balance between supply and demand of NPP in sub-Saharan drylands. An important implication of these findings is that increase in NPP demand for socio-economic metabolism must be taken into account within the context of climate-modulated supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Arid regions
KW  - Surface temperature
KW  - Supply & demand
KW  - Socioeconomics
KW  - Climate variability
KW  - Drylands
KW  - El Niño-southern oscillation
KW  - Net primary productivity
KW  - Sub-Saharan Africa
N1  - Accession Number: 117605198; Abdi, A. 1; Email Address: hakim.abdi@gmail.com; Vrieling, A. 2; Yengoh, G. 3; Anyamba, A. 4; Seaquist, J. 1; Ummenhofer, C. 5; Ardö, J. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science , Lund University , Sölvegatan 12 22362 Lund Sweden; 2: Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation , University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands; 3: Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies , 22362 Lund Sweden; 4: Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory , National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Greenbelt USA; 5: Department of Physical Oceanography , Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole USA; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 138 Issue 1/2, p111; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Arid regions; Subject Term: Surface temperature; Subject Term: Supply & demand; Subject Term: Socioeconomics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drylands; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niño-southern oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net primary productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-Saharan Africa; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10584-016-1730-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117605198&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Yu Cheng
AU  - Xu, Yuhao
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Avedisian, C. Thomas
T1  - Comprehensive study of initial diameter effects and other observations on convection-free droplet combustion in the standard atmosphere for n-heptane, n-octane, and n-decane.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 171
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 41
SN  - 00102180
AB  - This paper reports the results of a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of initial droplet diameter ( D o ) over a very wide range (0.5 mm < D o < 5 mm) on the spherically symmetric droplet burning characteristics in the standard atmosphere of three alkanes – n -heptane, n -octane and n -decane – that are representative of components found in petroleum-based transportation fuels and their surrogates. Spherical symmetry in the burning process was promoted by carrying out the experiments in a reduced convection (stagnant ambience) and buoyancy (low gravity) environment using the facilities of a ground-based drop tower for D o < 0.8 mm and a spaced-based platform (the International Space Station) for D o > 1.0 mm. The results show that for D o greater than about 2 mm, K decreases with increasing D o in an early period of burning and with the data being correlated in the form K ∼ D o − n based on a scale analysis of an energy balance on the flame. For D o larger than approximately 2 mm the droplet flames often disappeared indicating an extinction mechanism that was speculated to be due to radiative losses from the flame. Concurrently, measurements of wideband radiation dropped significantly and the burning rate gradually approached pure evaporation. In some instances for n -heptane and n -octane radiative extinction was accompanied by droplet evaporation rates that were significantly higher than evaporation in a hot ambience which persisted for a significant fraction of the burning history before decreasing to evaporation in a cold ambience. An energy balance on the drop related the flame temperature to droplet diameter from which it was predicted that flame temperatures after ignition were greater than 1200 K before dropping to under approximately 800 K and remaining constant thereafter until eventually reaching near ambient conditions. This intermediate regime of burning was conjectured to be associated with a low temperature combustion process. The transition to this intermediate regime upon radiative extinction was occasionally accompanied by flame oscillations, the origin of which was uncertain but could have been initiated by motion of the droplet owing to the deployment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Standard atmosphere
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - Drops -- Evaluation
KW  - Alkanes
KW  - Spherical functions
KW  - Convective flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Low temperature combustion
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Soot formation
KW  - International Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 117518280; Liu, Yu Cheng 1; Xu, Yuhao 2; Hicks, Michael C. 3; Avedisian, C. Thomas 2; Email Address: cta2@cornell.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Computer Science, Engineering and Physics University of Michigan-Flint, MI 48502, USA; 2: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; 3: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 171, p27; Thesaurus Term: Standard atmosphere; Thesaurus Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: Drops -- Evaluation; Subject Term: Alkanes; Subject Term: Spherical functions; Subject Term: Convective flow (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot formation ; Company/Entity: International Space Station; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.05.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W.G.
T1  - The CO chondrites: Major recent Antarctic finds, their thermal and radiation history, and describing the metamorphic history of members of the class.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 188
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 124
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of 29 CO chondrites from the Miller Range (MIL) and five chondrites from the Dominion Range (DOM) have been measured. MIL has a relatively strong natural TL signal (19.6 ± 14.7 krad), while some of the DOM samples have a very weak natural TL signal (<1 krad) whereas others resemble the MIL meteorites. I argue that MIL and some of the DOM samples had a normal perihelion (∼1.0 AU) and terrestrial age of ∼450–700 ka, while some of the DOM samples have a terrestrial age of ∼100 ka but a perihelion of ∼0.8 AU. The DOM meteorites also show considerable heterogeneity in their induced TL properties, also suggesting that the DOM fragments represent more than one fall. The induced TL data for the MIL samples studied here are consistent with them all being from a single fragmented meteorite. Small (50 mg) chips have TL properties similar to 500 mg chips, so that the smaller chips are representative, although samples taken from original masses less than ∼2 g have low natural TL suggesting that they were heated during atmospheric fall. The properties of CO chondrites are reviewed in terms of their petrologic types. Correlations between TL sensitivity, the most quantitative technique for evaluating metamorphic alteration in CO chondrites, and data for olivine composition and heterogeneity, matrix composition, inert gas content, metal composition (Ni, Co, and Cr in the kamacite), bulk carbon, C and O isotopes, graphite ordering, spectral reflectance at 0.8 μm, and textural characteristics of the ameboid olivine and Ca-rich inclusions are examined. The petrographic types appear to be largely metamorphic in origin with perhaps a minor role for metasomatism. Contrary to recent proposals it is here argued that petrologic type definitions should (1) be specific enough to be meaningful, but broad enough to be simple in application and robust to new developments, (2) be descriptive and not interpretative, (3) should not oversimplify and obscure important class-to-class differences, and (4) take account of all the available information, while avoiding reliance on any one technique or single observation whose application is based on interpretation. With these considerations in mind the petrographic type definitions for CO chondrites are restated and the petrologic type of 3.2 assigned to both the MIL and DOM CO chondrites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - Antarctica -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Metamorphism (Geology)
KW  - Thermoluminescence
KW  - Heterogeneity
KW  - Antarctic meteorites
KW  - CO chondrites
KW  - Metamorphism
N1  - Accession Number: 116988646; Sears, Derek W.G. 1; Affiliations: 1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division (MS 245-3), Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 188, p106; Thesaurus Term: Carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Subject Term: Chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: Antarctica -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Metamorphism (Geology); Subject Term: Thermoluminescence; Subject Term: Heterogeneity; Subject Term: Antarctic meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO chondrites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metamorphism; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Wong, Hiu Yung
AU  - Moon, Dong-Il
AU  - Braga, Nelson
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Stringer Gate FinFET on Bulk Substrate.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
J1  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
PY  - 2016/09//
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 63
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3432
EP  - 3438
SN  - 00189383
AB  - A gate stringer normally considered parasitic is used as a subthreshold leakage suppressor in a bulk FinFET. The gate stringer remaining along the source/drain extension suppresses the formation of a sub-fin leakage path and improves the subthreshold slope. The stringer gate structure is implemented by simple process modification in the gate etch step while the other process steps are unchanged. The fabricated stringer gate FinFET shows 35% reduction in the OFF-state leakage current compared with a conventional FinFET without a retrograde well process at the expense of only 5% increase in parasitic capacitance. The power-delay product enhancement at reduced drive voltage characteristics exhibits that the stringer gate FinFET can be an attractive candidate for low standby power and subthreshold logic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOGIC circuits
KW  - STRAY currents
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - ELECTRIC capacity
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
N1  - Accession Number: 117618529; Source Information: Sep2016, Vol. 63 Issue 9, p3432; Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Subject Term: STRAY currents; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC capacity; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: ; Number of Pages: 7p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2016.2586607
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Thomas, Susan
AU  - Priestley, Kory J.
AU  - Walikainen, Dale
T1  - Tropical Mean Fluxes: A Tool for Calibration and Validation of CERES Radiometers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 54
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 5135
EP  - 5142
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument requires in-flight calibration and validation to maintain its accuracy during orbit operations over an extended period. An internal calibration system provides calibration for the three channels; however, there is no device for calibration of the shortwave response of the total channel. A three-channel comparison technique has been developed to calibrate the shortwave response of the total channel using the tropical oceans as a vicarious calibration target. The difference between day and night outgoing longwave radiances (OLR) averaged over the tropical oceans is used to validate the day OLR. This paper evaluates the efficacy of the technique. A relation is computed at night between the window channel radiance and the OLR retrieved from the total channel for each month for each instrument. The relation has a standard deviation of 0.28 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1. Given 120 months of data, the precision of the curved line faired through these data is better than 0.05 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1. A bias is found between FM-1 and FM-3 of 0.3 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1, which is taken to be the accuracy with which the total channels can be calibrated with the internal blackbodies. This result includes the differences of longwave spectral responses of the instruments. The tropical mean OLR is between 87.4 and 90.2 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1 at night, with a standard deviation of 0.44 for FM-1 and 0.47 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1 for FM-3. The average difference between day and night tropical mean from the four instruments is 0.6\pm 0.09\ \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1 over their data periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION pyrometers
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - RADIATION measurements -- Instruments
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Clouds and the earth's radiant energy system (CERES)
KW  - Earth
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - in-flight calibration
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Oceans
KW  - radiation budget
KW  - radiometry
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Sea measurements
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 118691695; Smith, G. Louis 1; Thomas, Susan 1; Priestley, Kory J. 2; Walikainen, Dale 1; Affiliations: 1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Science Directorate, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 54 Issue 9, p5135; Subject Term: RADIATION pyrometers; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements -- Instruments; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and the earth's radiant energy system (CERES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: in-flight calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oceans; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2556581
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=118691695&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thipphavong, David P.
T1  - Top-of-Climb Matching Method for Reducing Aircraft Trajectory Prediction Errors.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/09//
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1223
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The inaccuracies of the aircraft performance models used by trajectory predictors with regard to takeoff weight, thrust, climb profile, and other parameters result in altitude errors during the climb phase that often exceed the vertical separation standard of 1000 ft. This study investigates the potential reduction in altitude trajectory prediction errors that could be achieved for climbing flights if just one additional parameter is made available: top-of-climb time. The top-of-climb matching method developed and evaluated in this paper is straightforward: A set of candidate trajectory predictions is generated using different aircraft weight parameters, and the one that most closely matches top of climb in terms of time is selected. This algorithm was tested using more than 1000 climbing flights in Fort Worth Center. Compared with the baseline trajectory predictions of a real-time research prototype (Center/Terminal Radar Approach Control Automation System), the top-of-climb matching method reduced the altitude root mean square error for a 5 min prediction time by 38%. It also decreased the percentage of flights with absolute altitude error greater than the vertical separation standard of 1000 ft for the same look-ahead time from 55 to 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118198566; Source Information: Sep2016, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1211; Number of Pages: 13p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032966
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
T1  - Real-Time Onboard Global Nonlinear Aerodynamic Modeling from Flight Data.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/09//
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1261
EP  - 1297
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Flight test and modeling techniques were developed to accurately identify global nonlinear aerodynamic models onboard an aircraft. The techniques were developed and demonstrated during piloted flight testing of an Aermacchi MB-326M Impala jet aircraft. Advanced piloting techniques and nonlinear modeling techniques based on fuzzy logic and multivariate orthogonal function methods were implemented with efficient onboard calculations and flight operations to achieve real-time maneuver monitoring, near-real-time global nonlinear aerodynamic modeling, and prediction validation testing in flight. Results demonstrated that global nonlinear aerodynamic models for a large portion of the flight envelope were identified rapidly and accurately using piloted flight test maneuvers during a single flight, with the final identified and validated models available before the aircraft landed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118198570; Source Information: Sep2016, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1261; Number of Pages: 37p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033133
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weihua Su
AU  - Sean Shan-Min Swei
AU  - Zhu, Guoming G.
T1  - Optimum Wing Shape of Highly Flexible Morphing Aircraft for Improved Flight Performance.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/09//
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1305
EP  - 1316
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In this paper, optimum wing bending and torsion deformations are explored for a mission adaptive, highly flexible morphing aircraft. The complete highly flexible aircraft is modeled using a strain-based geometrically nonlinear beam formulation, coupled with unsteady aerodynamics and six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body motions. Since there are no conventional discrete control surfaces for trimming the flexible aircraft, the design space for searching the optimum wing geometries is enlarged. To achieve high-performance flight, the wing geometry is best tailored according to the specific flight mission needs. In this study, the steady level flight and the coordinated turn flight are considered, and the optimum wing deformations with the minimum drag at these flight conditions are searched by using a modal-based optimization procedure, subject to the trim and other constraints. The numerical study verifies the feasibility of the modal-based optimization approach, and it shows the resulting optimum wing configuration and its sensitivity under different flight profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118198572; Source Information: Sep2016, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1305; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033490
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perry III, Boyd
T1  - Results of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Report Number 496: Revisited.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/09//
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1561
EP  - 1564
SN  - 00218669
N1  - Accession Number: 118198593; Source Information: Sep2016, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1561; Number of Pages: 4p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033663
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Tao
AU  - Calvo, Natalia
AU  - Yue, Jia
AU  - Russell, James M.
AU  - Smith, Anne K.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Chandran, Amal
AU  - Dou, Xiankang
AU  - Liu, Alan Z.
T1  - Southern Hemisphere Summer Mesopause Responses to El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 29
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 6319
EP  - 6328
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - In the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar region, satellite observations reveal a significant upper-mesosphere cooling and a lower-thermosphere warming during warm ENSO events in December. An opposite pattern is observed in the tropical mesopause region. The observed upper-mesosphere cooling agrees with a climate model simulation. Analysis of the simulation suggests that enhanced planetary wave (PW) dissipation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high-latitude stratosphere during El Niño strengthens the Brewer-Dobson circulation and cools the equatorial stratosphere. This increases the magnitude of the SH stratosphere meridional temperature gradient and thus causes the anomalous stratospheric easterly zonal wind and early breakdown of the SH stratospheric polar vortex. The resulting perturbation to gravity wave (GW) filtering causes anomalous SH mesospheric eastward GW forcing and polar upwelling and cooling. In addition, constructive inference of ENSO and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) could lead to stronger stratospheric easterly zonal wind anomalies at the SH high latitudes in November and December and early breakdown of the SH stratospheric polar vortex during warm ENSO events in the easterly QBO phase (defined by the equatorial zonal wind at ~25 hPa). This would in turn cause much more SH mesospheric eastward GW forcing and much colder polar temperatures, and hence it would induce an early onset time of SH summer polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). The opposite mechanism occurs during cold ENSO events in the westerly QBO phase. This implies that ENSO together with QBO could significantly modulate the breakdown time of SH stratospheric polar vortex and the onset time of SH PMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Circulation/ Dynamics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - El Nino
KW  - ENSO
KW  - La Nina
KW  - Physical Meteorology and Climatology
KW  - Quasibiennial oscillation
N1  - Accession Number: 117740302; Li, Tao 1,2; Calvo, Natalia 3; Yue, Jia 4; Russell, James M. 4; Smith, Anne K. 5; Mlynczak, Martin G. 6; Chandran, Amal 7; Dou, Xiankang 1,2; Liu, Alan Z. 8; Affiliations: 1: CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; 2: Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; 3: Departamento de Fisica de la Tierra II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; 4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; 5: Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, i Boulder, Colorado; 6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 7: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado; 8: Physical Science Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 29 Issue 17, p6319; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric circulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circulation/ Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Nino; Author-Supplied Keyword: ENSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: La Nina; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quasibiennial oscillation; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0816.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117740302&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ayers, Alan
AU  - Miller, Kimberly
AU  - Jongwon Park
AU  - Schwartz, Lawrence
AU  - Antcliff, Rich
T1  - The Hollywood Model: Leveraging the Capabilities of Freelance Talent to Advance Innovation and Reduce Risk.
JO  - Research Technology Management
JF  - Research Technology Management
Y1  - 2016/09//Sep/Oct2016
VL  - 59
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 37
SN  - 08956308
AB  - In 2013, the Industrial Research Institute (IRI) commissioned the IRI2038 foresight project to research how developments in technology, business processes, regulation and other spheres will impact the art and science of research and technology management over the next 25 years. That study defined three scenarios likely to shape the innovation process in coming years. One of those scenarios was the Hollywood model, in which scientists, engineers, and innovators no longer work for a single firm but rather contract out their services to individual projects and then move on to other projects and companies. Over the course of six months, an IRI Research working group conducted four workshops with R&D leaders at IRI member companies to explore how talent management would be affected in this scenario. The workshops identified challenges and opportunities associated with the Hollywood model as a paradigm for industrial R&D, focused around eight critical aspects of current talent management practice. Although the Hollywood model faces significant infrastructure and legal impediments today, its employment of external R&D workers with diverse experiences and perspectives is likely to create a greater opportunity for significant innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Research Technology Management is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TALENT management
KW  - PERSONNEL management
KW  - HUMAN capital
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - Futures
KW  - Hollywood model
KW  - IRI Research
KW  - IRI2038
KW  - Talent management
N1  - Accession Number: 117745086; Ayers, Alan 1; Email Address: adayers@buildinnovation.com; Miller, Kimberly 2; Email Address: kim@suttonhouseconsulting.com; Jongwon Park 3; Email Address: jpglobalconsultingllc@gmail.com; Schwartz, Lawrence 4; Email Address: larryschwartz333@aol.com; Antcliff, Rich 5; Email Address: Richard.R.Antcliff@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Industrial Liaison Manager, UConn and president, IDCC; 2: Owner, Sutton House Consulting LLC; 3: Chief Strategy Officer, Korea Innovation Center, Washington, DC; 4: Founder, IP Business-Tech Solutions; 5: Director, the Office of Strategic Analysis, Communications and Business Development, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Sep/Oct2016, Vol. 59 Issue 5, p27; Thesaurus Term: TALENT management; Thesaurus Term: PERSONNEL management; Thesaurus Term: HUMAN capital; Thesaurus Term: TECHNOLOGY; Thesaurus Term: COMPUTER science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Futures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hollywood model; Author-Supplied Keyword: IRI Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: IRI2038; Author-Supplied Keyword: Talent management; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541612 Human Resources Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923130 Administration of Human Resource Programs (except Education, Public Health, and Veterans' Affairs Programs); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08956308.2016.1208041
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ent&AN=117745086&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ent
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chirayath, Ved
AU  - Earle, Sylvia A.
T1  - Drones that see through waves - preliminary results from airborne fluid lensing for centimetre-scale aquatic conservation.
JO  - Aquatic Conservation
JF  - Aquatic Conservation
Y1  - 2016/09/02/Sep2016 Supplement 2
VL  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 237
EP  - 250
SN  - 10527613
AB  - The use of fluid lensing technology on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or drones) is presented as a novel means for 3D imaging of aquatic ecosystems from above the water's surface at the centimetre scale. Preliminary results are presented from airborne fluid lensing campaigns conducted over the coral reefs of Ofu Island, American Samoa (2013) and the stromatolite reefs of Shark Bay, Western Australia (2014), covering a combined area of 15 km2. These reef ecosystems were revealed with centimetre-scale 2D resolution, and an accompanying 3D bathymetry model was derived using fluid lensing, Structure from Motion and UAV position data. Data products were validated from in situ survey methods including underwater calibration targets, depth measurements and millimetre-scale high-dynamic-range gigapixel photogrammetry., Fluid lensing is an experimental technology that uses water-transmitting wavelengths to passively image underwater objects at high-resolution by exploiting time-varying optical lensing events caused by surface waves. Fluid lensing data are captured from low-altitude, cost-effective electric UAVs to achieve multispectral imagery and bathymetry models at the centimetre scale over regional areas. As a passive system, fluid lensing is presently limited by signal-to-noise ratio and water column inherent optical properties to ~10 m depth over visible wavelengths in clear waters., The datasets derived from fluid lensing present the first centimetre-scale images of a reef acquired from above the ocean surface, without wave distortion. The 3D multispectral data distinguish coral, fish and invertebrates in American Samoa, and reveal previously undocumented, morphologically distinct, stromatolite structures in Shark Bay. These findings suggest fluid lensing and multirotor electric drones represent a promising advance in the remote sensing of aquatic environments at the centimetre scale, or 'reef scale' relevant to the conservation of reef ecosystems. Pending further development and validation of fluid lensing methods, these technologies present a solution for large-scale 3D surveys of shallow aquatic habitats with centimetre-scale spatial resolution and hourly temporal sampling., Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aquatic Conservation is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Marine resources conservation
KW  - Marine parks & reserves
KW  - Drone aircraft
KW  - Aquatic animals -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Three-dimensional display systems
KW  - airborne remote sensing
KW  - American Samoa
KW  - coastal bathymetry
KW  - coral reef
KW  - fluid lensing
KW  - Shark Bay
KW  - stromatolite
N1  - Accession Number: 117924710; Chirayath, Ved 1; Earle, Sylvia A. 2; Affiliations: 1: Laboratory for Advanced Sensing, Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center; 2: National Geographic Society and Sylvia Earle Alliance & Mission Blue; Issue Info: Sep2016 Supplement 2, Vol. 26, p237; Thesaurus Term: Marine resources conservation; Thesaurus Term: Marine parks & reserves; Subject Term: Drone aircraft; Subject Term: Aquatic animals -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Three-dimensional display systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: airborne remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: American Samoa; Author-Supplied Keyword: coastal bathymetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: coral reef; Author-Supplied Keyword: fluid lensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shark Bay; Author-Supplied Keyword: stromatolite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/aqc.2654
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117924710&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Checlair, Jade
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
T1  - Titan-like exoplanets: Variations in geometric albedo and effective transit height with haze production rate.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2016/09/15/
VL  - 129
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Extensive studies characterizing Titan present an opportunity to study the atmospheric properties of Titan-like exoplanets. Using an existing model of Titan's atmospheric haze, we computed geometric albedo spectra and effective transit height spectra for six values of the haze production rate (zero haze to twice present) over a wide range of wavelengths (0.2–2 µm). In the geometric albedo spectra, the slope in the UV–visible changes from blue to red when varying the haze production rate values from zero to twice the current Titan value. This spectral feature is the most effective way to characterize the haze production rates. Methane absorption bands in the visible-NIR compete with the absorbing haze, being more prominent for smaller haze production rates. The effective transit heights probe a region of the atmosphere where the haze and gas are optically thin and that is thus not effectively probed by the geometric albedo. The effective transit height decreases smoothly with increasing wavelength, from 376 km to 123 km at 0.2 and 2 µm, respectively. When decreasing the haze production rate, the methane absorption bands become more prominent, and the effective transit height decreases with a steeper slope with increasing wavelength. The slope of the geometric albedo in the UV–visible increases smoothly with increasing haze production rate, while the slope of the effective transit height spectra is not sensitive to the haze production rate other than showing a sharp rise when the haze production rate increases from zero. We conclude that geometric albedo spectra provide the most sensitive indicator of the haze production rate and the background Rayleigh gas. Our results suggest that important and complementary information can be obtained from the geometric albedo and motivates improvements in the technology for direct imaging of nearby exoplanets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Titan (Satellite)
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Wavelengths
KW  - Atmosphere limb
KW  - Exoplanet transit
KW  - Geometric albedo
KW  - Haze
KW  - Titan
KW  - Transit height
N1  - Accession Number: 116963362; Checlair, Jade 1,2; Email Address: jade.checlair@gmail.com; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Imanaka, Hiroshi 1,3; Email Address: himanaka@seti.org; Affiliations: 1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, United States; 2: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Canada; 3: SETI Institute, United States; Issue Info: Sep2016, Vol. 129, p1; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Ultraviolet radiation; Subject Term: Titan (Satellite); Subject Term: Extrasolar planets; Subject Term: Wavelengths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere limb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exoplanet transit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometric albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transit height; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2016.03.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=116963362&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PETÄJÄ, TUUKKA
AU  - O'CONNOR, EWAN J.
AU  - MOISSEEV, DMITRI
AU  - SINCLAIR, VICTORIA A.
AU  - MANNINEN, ANTTI J.
AU  - VÄÄNÄNEN, RIIKKA
AU  - VON LERBER, ANNAKAISA
AU  - THORNTON, JOEL A.
AU  - NICOLL, KERI
AU  - PETERSEN, WALT
AU  - CHANDRASEKAR, V.
AU  - SMITH, JAMES N.
AU  - WINKLER, PAUL M.
AU  - KRÜGER, OLAF
AU  - HAKOLA, HANNELE
AU  - TIMONEN, HILKKA
AU  - BRUS, DAVID
AU  - LAURILA, TUOMAS
AU  - ASMI, EIJA
AU  - RIEKKOLA, MARJA-LIISA
T1  - BAECC.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 97
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1909
EP  - 1928
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article focuses on a study related to a field campaign the Biogenic Aerosols—Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) to explain the impact on cloud and climate by biogenic aerosols. Topics discussed include BAECC experiment provided Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR-II) observation record to the impact of biogenic aerosol on climate in Hyytiälä, Finland, the annual-mean global temperature have biogeophysical effect due to boreal forests.
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Taigas
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Ecosystems
N1  - Accession Number: 119971900; PETÄJÄ, TUUKKA 1,2; Email Address: tuukka.petaja@helsinki.fi; O'CONNOR, EWAN J. 3; MOISSEEV, DMITRI 4; SINCLAIR, VICTORIA A. 1; MANNINEN, ANTTI J. 1; VÄÄNÄNEN, RIIKKA 1; VON LERBER, ANNAKAISA 5; THORNTON, JOEL A. 6; NICOLL, KERI 7; PETERSEN, WALT 8; CHANDRASEKAR, V. 9; SMITH, JAMES N. 10; WINKLER, PAUL M. 11; KRÜGER, OLAF 1; HAKOLA, HANNELE 5; TIMONEN, HILKKA 5; BRUS, DAVID 5; LAURILA, TUOMAS 5; ASMI, EIJA 5; RIEKKOLA, MARJA-LIISA 12; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 2: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2,00014 Helsinki, Finland; 3: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; 4: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, and Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; 5: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; 6: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; 7: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom; 8: Wallops Flight Facility, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Island, Virginia; 9: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, and Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; 10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, and Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland, and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; 11: Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; 12: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Issue Info: Oct2016, Vol. 97 Issue 10, p1909; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Climatology; Thesaurus Term: Taigas; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Ecosystems; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00199.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=119971900&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alden, Caroline B.
AU  - Miller, John B.
AU  - Gatti, Luciana V.
AU  - Gloor, Manuel M.
AU  - Guan, Kaiyu
AU  - Michalak, Anna M.
AU  - Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.
AU  - Touma, Danielle
AU  - Andrews, Arlyn
AU  - Basso, Luana S.
AU  - Correia, Caio S. C.
AU  - Domingues, Lucas G.
AU  - Joiner, Joanna
AU  - Krol, Maarten C.
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Peters, Wouter
AU  - Shiga, Yoichi P.
AU  - Thoning, Kirk
AU  - Velde, Ivar R.
AU  - Leeuwen, Thijs T.
T1  - Regional atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic differences in Amazon net biome exchange.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 22
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3427
EP  - 3443
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and drought is critical for quantifying the effects of climate change on tropical ecosystems, including global climate-carbon feedbacks. Of particular importance for the global carbon budget is net biome exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere ( NBE), which represents nonfire carbon fluxes into and out of biomass and soils. Subannual and sub-Basin Amazon NBE estimates have relied heavily on process-based biosphere models, despite lack of model agreement with plot-scale observations. We present a new analysis of airborne measurements that reveals monthly, regional-scale (~1-8 × 106 km2) NBE variations. We develop a regional atmospheric CO2 inversion that provides the first analysis of geographic and temporal variability in Amazon biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange and that is minimally influenced by biosphere model-based first guesses of seasonal and annual mean fluxes. We find little evidence for a clear seasonal cycle in Amazon NBE but do find NBE sensitivity to aberrations from long-term mean climate. In particular, we observe increased NBE (more carbon emitted to the atmosphere) associated with heat and drought in 2010, and correlations between wet season NBE and precipitation (negative correlation) and temperature (positive correlation). In the eastern Amazon, pulses of increased NBE persisted through 2011, suggesting legacy effects of 2010 heat and drought. We also identify regional differences in postdrought NBE that appear related to long-term water availability. We examine satellite proxies and find evidence for higher gross primary productivity ( GPP) during a pulse of increased carbon uptake in 2011, and lower GPP during a period of increased NBE in the 2010 dry season drought, but links between GPP and NBE changes are not conclusive. These results provide novel evidence of NBE sensitivity to short-term temperature and moisture extremes in the Amazon, where monthly and sub-Basin estimates have not been previously available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric carbon monoxide
KW  - Biomes
KW  - Rain forests
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - Amazon
KW  - climate extremes
KW  - CO2
KW  - inverse model
KW  - terrestrial biosphere
KW  - tropical carbon exchange
N1  - Accession Number: 117745942; Alden, Caroline B. 1,2; Miller, John B. 3,4; Gatti, Luciana V. 5; Gloor, Manuel M. 6; Guan, Kaiyu 1; Michalak, Anna M. 7; Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T. 8; Touma, Danielle 1; Andrews, Arlyn 3; Basso, Luana S. 5; Correia, Caio S. C. 5; Domingues, Lucas G. 5; Joiner, Joanna 9; Krol, Maarten C. 8,10,11; Lyapustin, Alexei I. 9; Peters, Wouter 8,12; Shiga, Yoichi P. 7,13; Thoning, Kirk 3; Velde, Ivar R. 12; Leeuwen, Thijs T. 10,11; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University; 2: Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University; 3: Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; 4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado; 5: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN)-Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN)-Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory; 6: School of Geography, University of Leeds; 7: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science; 8: Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University; 9: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center; 10: Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University; 11: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research; 12: University of Groningen Centre for Isotope Research; 13: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University; Issue Info: Oct2016, Vol. 22 Issue 10, p3427; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon monoxide; Thesaurus Term: Biomes; Thesaurus Term: Rain forests; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Biosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate extremes; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse model; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial biosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical carbon exchange; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.13305
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=117745942&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Son, Youn-Suk
AU  - Jeong, Jin-Ho
AU  - Lee, Hyung Joo
AU  - Kim, Jo-Chun
T1  - A novel control system for nitrogen dioxide removal and energy saving from an underground subway stations.
JO  - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF  - Journal of Cleaner Production
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 133
M3  - Article
SP  - 212
EP  - 219
SN  - 09596526
AB  - The importance of indoor air quality in a subway system is growing rapidly because passengers' health and displeasure are interrelated. Among diverse indoor pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) emitted from automobiles may flow into a platform of underground subway through ventilation holes or stairs. The level of NO 2 in an underground subway station should be managed to prevent its adverse effects because NO 2 is harmful to health. In this study, a novel control system (self-control system) equipped with panel-type hybrid activated carbon beds were developed and applied to remove NO 2 and save energy for ventilation from underground subway stations. To evaluate the removal efficiency by varying influential factors such as superficial gas velocity and relative humidity, we measured the NO 2 concentration from diverse sampling points (ambient, platform, and before and after the hybrid activated carbon bed) before and after operating the self-control system. As a result, the NO 2 concentration at the ventilation hole of the subway station (12.3–113.6 ppb) was higher than that at the air monitoring station (9.2–68.4 ppb, AIRKOREA operated by Ministry of Environment in Korea). The level of NO 2 was changed by varying the relative humidity in ambient air. The removal efficiency of NO 2 decreased from 66.3% to 60.5% and the pressure drop of hybrid activated carbon bed in the system increased from 2.2 mmAq to 5.4 mmAq when the superficial gas velocity (depending on inverter frequency) increased from 1.04 m/s to 1.82 m/s. Additionally, the removal efficiency of NO 2 rapidly decreased with elapsed time and was affected by relative humidity and weather conditions. Finally, the level of NO 2 in the platform was less than 50 ppb (which is the standard value recommended by the Ministry of Environment, Korea), when the hybrid activated carbon bed was set to 90° (vertical direction on air flow). When the self-control system was operated in the heating ventilating, and air conditioning system of the underground subway station, the NO 2 level in the platform was considerably controlled to below 50 ppb and the power consumption for ventilation reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Cleaner Production is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY conservation
KW  - HEATING & ventilation industry
KW  - INDOOR air quality
KW  - NITROGEN dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - SUBWAY stations -- Design & construction
KW  - Activated carbon
KW  - Adsorption
KW  - Energy saving
KW  - Indoor air quality (IAQ)
KW  - Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )
KW  - Subway
N1  - Accession Number: 117012382; Son, Youn-Suk 1; Jeong, Jin-Ho 2; Lee, Hyung Joo 3; Kim, Jo-Chun 2; Email Address: jckim@konkuk.ac.kr; Affiliations: 1: Research Division for Industry & Environment, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea; 2: Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea; 3: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Oct2016, Vol. 133, p212; Thesaurus Term: ENERGY conservation; Thesaurus Term: HEATING & ventilation industry; Thesaurus Term: INDOOR air quality; Subject Term: NITROGEN dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: SUBWAY stations -- Design & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activated carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adsorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy saving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indoor air quality (IAQ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Subway; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 485119 Other Urban Transit Systems; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.116
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=117012382&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thenkabai, Prasad S.
AU  - Knox, Jerry W.
AU  - Ozdogan, Mutlu
AU  - Gumma, Murali Krishna
AU  - Congalton, Russell G.
AU  - Zhuoting Wu
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Finkral, Alex
AU  - Marshall, Mike
AU  - Mariotto, Isabella
AU  - Songcai You
AU  - Giri, Chandra
AU  - Nagler, Pamela
T1  - ASSESSING FUTURE RISKS TO AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, WATER RESOURCES AND FOOD SECURITY: HOW CAN REMOTE SENSING HELP?
JO  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
JF  - Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 82
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 773
EP  - 782
SN  - 00991112
KW  - Agricultural productivity
KW  - Food production
KW  - Water supply
KW  - Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Food security
KW  - Developing countries
N1  - Accession Number: 118645681; Thenkabai, Prasad S. 1; Email Address: pthenkabail@usgs.gov; Knox, Jerry W. 2; Ozdogan, Mutlu 3; Gumma, Murali Krishna 4; Congalton, Russell G. 5; Zhuoting Wu 6; Milesi, Cristina 7; Finkral, Alex; Marshall, Mike 1; Mariotto, Isabella 8; Songcai You 9; Giri, Chandra 1; Nagler, Pamela 1; Affiliations: 1: U.S. Geological Survey; 2: Cranfield University, Cranfield Water Science Institute, Bedford, UK; 3: University of Wisconsin; 4: International Rice Research Institute; 5: University of New Hampshire; 6: U.S. Geological Survey and Northern Arizona University; 7: California State University Monterey Bay/National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 8: U.S. Geological Survey and University of Arizona; 9: Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy for Agricultural Sciences (CAAS); Issue Info: Oct2016, Vol. 82 Issue 10, p773; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural productivity; Thesaurus Term: Food production; Thesaurus Term: Water supply; Thesaurus Term: Greenhouse gases -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: Food security; Subject Term: Developing countries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mousis, O.
AU  - Atkinson, D.H.
AU  - Spilker, T.
AU  - Venkatapathy, E.
AU  - Poncy, J.
AU  - Frampton, R.
AU  - Coustenis, A.
AU  - Reh, K.
AU  - Lebreton, J.-P.
AU  - Fletcher, L.N.
AU  - Hueso, R.
AU  - Amato, M.J.
AU  - Colaprete, A.
AU  - Ferri, F.
AU  - Stam, D.
AU  - Wurz, P.
AU  - Atreya, S.
AU  - Aslam, S.
AU  - Banfield, D.J.
AU  - Calcutt, S.
T1  - The Hera Saturn entry probe mission.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 130
M3  - Article
SP  - 80
EP  - 103
SN  - 00320633
AB  - The Hera Saturn entry probe mission is proposed as an M-class mission led by ESA with a contribution from NASA. It consists of one atmospheric probe to be sent into the atmosphere of Saturn, and a Carrier-Relay spacecraft. In this concept, the Hera probe is composed of ESA and NASA elements, and the Carrier-Relay Spacecraft is delivered by ESA. The probe is powered by batteries, and the Carrier-Relay Spacecraft is powered by solar panels and batteries. We anticipate two major subsystems to be supplied by the United States, either by direct procurement by ESA or by contribution from NASA: the solar electric power system (including solar arrays and the power management and distribution system), and the probe entry system (including the thermal protection shield and aeroshell). Hera is designed to perform in situ measurements of the chemical and isotopic compositions as well as the dynamics of Saturn's atmosphere using a single probe, with the goal of improving our understanding of the origin, formation, and evolution of Saturn, the giant planets and their satellite systems, with extrapolation to extrasolar planets. Hera 's aim is to probe well into the cloud-forming region of the troposphere, below the region accessible to remote sensing, to the locations where certain cosmogenically abundant species are expected to be well mixed. By leading to an improved understanding of the processes by which giant planets formed, including the composition and properties of the local solar nebula at the time and location of giant planet formation, Hera will extend the legacy of the Galileo and Cassini missions by further addressing the creation, formation, and chemical, dynamical, and thermal evolution of the giant planets, the entire solar system including Earth and the other terrestrial planets, and formation of other planetary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Saturn (Planet) -- Magnetosphere
KW  - Solar system
KW  - Gas giants
KW  - Planetary surfaces
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - ESA's Cosmic Vision Medium class size call
KW  - In situ measurements
KW  - Probe
KW  - Saturn
KW  - European Space Agency
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 117709781; Mousis, O. 1; Email Address: olivier.mousis@lam.fr; Atkinson, D.H. 2; Spilker, T. 3; Venkatapathy, E. 4; Poncy, J. 5; Frampton, R. 6; Coustenis, A. 7; Reh, K. 8; Lebreton, J.-P. 7,9; Fletcher, L.N. 10; Hueso, R. 11,12; Amato, M.J. 13; Colaprete, A. 4; Ferri, F. 14; Stam, D. 15; Wurz, P. 16; Atreya, S. 17; Aslam, S. 13; Banfield, D.J. 18; Calcutt, S. 10; Affiliations: 1: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France; 2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA; 3: Solar System Science & Exploration, Monrovia, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 5: Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, France; 6: The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, CA, USA; 7: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Univ. Paris-Diderot, France; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; 9: LPC2E, CNRS-Université d'Orléans, 3a Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France; 10: Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK; 11: Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, ETS Ingeniería, Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain; 12: Unidad Asociada Grupo Ciencias Planetarias UPV/EHU-IAA (CSIC), 48013 Bilbao, Spain; 13: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 14: Università degli Studi di Padova, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” (CISAS), via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy; 15: Aerospace Engineering, Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands; 16: Space Science & Planetology, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; 17: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA; 18: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Space Sciences Building Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Issue Info: Oct2016, Vol. 130, p80; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: Saturn (Planet) -- Magnetosphere; Subject Term: Solar system; Subject Term: Gas giants; Subject Term: Planetary surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: ESA's Cosmic Vision Medium class size call; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn ; Company/Entity: European Space Agency ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.06.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koltunov, Alexander
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
AU  - Quayle, Brad
AU  - Schwind, Brian
AU  - Ambrosia, Vincent G.
AU  - Li, Wei
T1  - The development and first validation of the GOES Early Fire Detection (GOES-EFD) algorithm.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 184
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 453
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Decades of successful active fire mapping from space, have led to global informational products of growing importance to scientific community and operational agencies. In contrast, detecting fires from space faster than current conventional capabilities in the continental U.S. has not been considered attainable, except in remote, sparsely populated areas. We present a research prototype version of the GOES Early Fire Detection (GOES-EFD) algorithm focused on minimizing the time to first detection of a wildfire incident. The algorithm is designed for regional-scale surveillance and combines multitemporal anomaly tests developed in our previous work, contextual hot-spot tests, and dynamic event classification and tracking. The GOES-EFD version 0.4 was initially tested with 40-day summer 2006 data over central California. The algorithm identified most of large (final size > 2 ha) wildfires within 30 min and 31% of the wildfires were detected before they were reported by the public. Under identical operation conditions, GOES-EFD 0.4 provided quicker initial detection than the temporally filtered operational WF-ABBA algorithm (version 6.1) and committed fewer false alarms. There is a substantial potential for further reducing detection latency and increasing reliability. Following the ongoing optimizations, tests, and integration in collaboration with the fire management agencies and first responders, GOES-EFD could be deployed for regional scale real-time surveillance to complement existing fire identification methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Fire management
KW  - Wildfires
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - False alarms
KW  - ABI [GOES-R] Advanced Baseline Imager
KW  - BT 11 brightness temperature in GOES band 4 (~ 11 μm)
KW  - BT 4 brightness temperature in GOES band 2 (~ 4 μm)
KW  - BT brightness temperature
KW  - c.c. connected component
KW  - DDM Dynamic Detection Model
KW  - Detection timeliness
KW  - Early wildfire detection
KW  - EFD early fire detection
KW  - Fire detection
KW  - Fire monitoring
KW  - Geostationary
KW  - GOES Early Fire Detection
KW  - GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
KW  - GOES-EFD
KW  - GOES-EFD GOES Early Fire Detection
KW  - GVAR GOES VARiable [format]
KW  - IADC Iterative Anomaly Detection and Classification
KW  - INR [GOES] Image Navigation and Registration
KW  - MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
KW  - OCM Operational Cloud Masking
KW  - RCD Retrospective Cloud Detection
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellite
KW  - SCD Single-Frame Cloud Detection
KW  - TIR thermal infrared
KW  - VIIRS Visible Infrared Imager and Radiometer Suite
KW  - WF-ABBA Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm
KW  - Wildfire
KW  - Wildfire detection
KW  - GOES (Meteorological satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 118025263; Koltunov, Alexander 1; Email Address: akoltunov@ucdavis.edu; Ustin, Susan L. 1; Quayle, Brad 2; Schwind, Brian 2; Ambrosia, Vincent G. 3; Li, Wei 1,4; Affiliations: 1: Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing, University of California, Davis, Veihmeyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; 2: USDA Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC), 2222 West 2300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84119, USA; 3: California State University – Monterey Bay, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 4: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Issue Info: Oct2016, Vol. 184, p436; Thesaurus Term: Fire management; Thesaurus Term: Wildfires; Subject Term: Algorithms; Subject Term: False alarms; Author-Supplied Keyword: ABI [GOES-R] Advanced Baseline Imager; Author-Supplied Keyword: BT 11 brightness temperature in GOES band 4 (~ 11 μm); Author-Supplied Keyword: BT 4 brightness temperature in GOES band 2 (~ 4 μm); Author-Supplied Keyword: BT brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: c.c. connected component; Author-Supplied Keyword: DDM Dynamic Detection Model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detection timeliness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Early wildfire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: EFD early fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geostationary; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES Early Fire Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES-EFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES-EFD GOES Early Fire Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: GVAR GOES VARiable [format]; Author-Supplied Keyword: IADC Iterative Anomaly Detection and Classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: INR [GOES] Image Navigation and Registration; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: OCM Operational Cloud Masking; Author-Supplied Keyword: RCD Retrospective Cloud Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: SCD Single-Frame Cloud Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: TIR thermal infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: VIIRS Visible Infrared Imager and Radiometer Suite; Author-Supplied Keyword: WF-ABBA Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire detection ; Company/Entity: GOES (Meteorological satellite); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marrero, Josette E.
AU  - Townsend-Small, Amy
AU  - Lyon, David R.
AU  - Tsai, Tracy R.
AU  - Meinardi, Simone
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
T1  - Estimating Emissions of Toxic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Production Sites in the Barnett Shale Region of Northern Texas.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/10/04/
VL  - 50
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 10756
EP  - 10764
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Oil and natural gas operations have continued to expand and move closer to densely populated areas, contributing to growing public concerns regarding exposure to hazardous air pollutants. During the Barnett Shale Coordinated Campaign in October, 2013, ground-based whole air samples collected downwind of oil and gas sites revealed enhancements in several potentially toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when compared to background values. Molar emissions ratios relative to methane were determined for hexane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX compounds). Using methane leak rates measured from the Picarro mobile flux plane (MFP) system and a Barnett Shale regional methane emissions inventory, the rates of emission of these toxic gases were calculated. Benzene emissions ranged between 51 ± 4 and 60 ± 4 kg h-1. Hexane, the most abundantly emitted pollutant, ranged from 642 ± 45 to 1070 ± 340 kg h-1. While observed hydrocarbon enhancements fall below federal workplace standards, results may indicate a link between emissions from oil and natural gas operations and concerns about exposure to hazardous air pollutants. The larger public health risks associated with the production and distribution of natural gas are of particular importance and warrant further investigation, particularly as the use of natural gas increases in the United States and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrocarbons -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Natural gas
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Air pollutants
KW  - Texas -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 119084679; Marrero, Josette E. 1; Email Address: josette.e.marrero@nasa.gov; Townsend-Small, Amy 2; Lyon, David R. 3; Tsai, Tracy R. 4; Meinardi, Simone 5; Blake, Donald R. 5; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; 2: Department of Geology and Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States; 3: Environmental Defense Fund, Austin, Texas 78701, United States; 4: Picarro, Inc., Santa Clara, California 95054, United States; 5: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States; Issue Info: 10/4/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 19, p10756; Thesaurus Term: Hydrocarbons -- Environmental aspects; Thesaurus Term: Natural gas; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Air pollutants; Subject Term: Texas -- Environmental conditions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221210 Natural Gas Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.6b02827
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sehlke, Alexander
AU  - Whittington, Alan G.
T1  - The viscosity of planetary tholeiitic melts: A configurational entropy model.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2016/10/15/
VL  - 191
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
EP  - 299
SN  - 00167037
AB  - The viscosity ( η ) of silicate melts is a fundamental physical property controlling mass transfer in magmatic systems. Viscosity can span many orders of magnitude, strongly depending on temperature and composition. Several models are available that describe this dependency for terrestrial melts quite well. Planetary basaltic lavas however are distinctly different in composition, being dominantly alkali-poor, iron-rich and/or highly magnesian. We measured the viscosity of 20 anhydrous tholeiitic melts, of which 15 represent known or estimated surface compositions of Mars, Mercury, the Moon, Io and Vesta, by concentric cylinder and parallel plate viscometry. The planetary basalts span a viscosity range of 2 orders of magnitude at liquidus temperatures and 4 orders of magnitude near the glass transition, and can be more or less viscous than terrestrial lavas. We find that current models under- and overestimate superliquidus viscosities by up to 2 orders of magnitude for these compositions, and deviate even more strongly from measured viscosities toward the glass transition. We used the Adam–Gibbs theory (A–G) to relate viscosity ( η ) to absolute temperature ( T ) and the configurational entropy of the system at that temperature ( S conf ), which is in the form of log η = A e + B e / TS conf . Heat capacities ( C P ) for glasses and liquids of our investigated compositions were calculated via available literature models. We show that the A–G theory is applicable to model the viscosity of individual complex tholeiitic melts containing 10 or more major oxides as well or better than the commonly used empirical equations. We successfully modeled the global viscosity data set using a constant A e of −3.34 ± 0.22 log units and 12 adjustable sub-parameters, which capture the compositional and temperature dependence on melt viscosity. Seven sub-parameters account for the compositional dependence of B e and 5 for S conf . Our model reproduces the 496 measured viscosity data points with a 1σ root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) of 0.12 log units across 13 orders of measured melt viscosity. The model performed well in predicting the viscosity of lunar and martian melts not used in calibration, and should be used to calculate lava flow velocities and fluxes for anhydrous basaltic volcanism on other moons and planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Viscosity
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Tholeiite
KW  - Entropy
KW  - Silicates
KW  - Mass transfer
KW  - Glass transitions
KW  - Configurational entropy
KW  - Lava
KW  - Planetary volcanism
KW  - Silicate melt
KW  - Tholeiitic basalt
N1  - Accession Number: 117736285; Sehlke, Alexander 1,2; Email Address: Alexander.Sehlke@nasa.gov; Whittington, Alan G. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Issue Info: Oct2016, Vol. 191, p277; Thesaurus Term: Viscosity; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: Tholeiite; Subject Term: Entropy; Subject Term: Silicates; Subject Term: Mass transfer; Subject Term: Glass transitions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Configurational entropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lava; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary volcanism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicate melt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholeiitic basalt; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.07.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panka, Peter A.
AU  - Kutepov, Alexander A.
AU  - Kalogerakis, Konstantinos S.
AU  - Janches, Diego
AU  - Russell, James M.
AU  - Rezac, Ladislav
AU  - Feofilov, Artem G.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Yiğit, Erdal
T1  - Resolving the mesospheric nighttime 4.3 μm emission puzzle: New model calculations improve agreement with SABER observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/11//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Since 2002, SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry)/TIMED (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics) has been continuously measuring the day- and nighttime infrared limb radiances of the mesosphere and lower thermoshere (MLT) in ten broadband channels. Recently, the MLT daytime temperature/pressure and CO2 densities have been obtained self-consistently from SABER 15 μm and 4.3 μm emission observations. However, similar nighttime data remain unprocessed due to a lack of understanding of the 4.3 μm emission generating mechanisms. A previous study suggested the "direct" transfer OH(v)) ↑ N2(v)) ↑ CO2(v3)) ↑ 4.3 μm of vibrational excitation from OH(v) to CO2 in the nighttime mesosphere. However, accounting for this excitation mechanism alone leads to significant under-prediction (by up to 80 %) of observed 4.3 μm limb radiances. Recently, theoretical and laboratory studies have suggested an additional "indirect" nighttime channel OH(v)) ↑ O(¹D)) ↑ N2(v)) ↑ CO2(v3)) ↑ 4.3 μm of this energy transfer. We implemented this new channel in our non-LTE (non-Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium) model and show that, for various latitudinal and seasonal scenarios, including this additional channel brings differences between simulated and measured nighttime SABER 4.3 μm limb radiances to (-20, +30) %. These results confirm the important role of the new mechanism as a source of the nighttime 4.3 μm emission. This finding creates new opportunities for the application of CO2 4.3 μm observations in the study of the energetics and dynamics of the nighttime MLT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Atmospheric radioactivity
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Meteorological observations
N1  - Accession Number: 119970930; Panka, Peter A. 1,2; Email Address: ppanka@masonlive.gmu.edu; Kutepov, Alexander A. 2,3; Email Address: kutepov@cua.edu; Kalogerakis, Konstantinos S. 4; Email Address: konstantinos.kalogerakis@sri.com; Janches, Diego 2; Email Address: diego.janches@nasa.gov; Russell, James M. 5; Email Address: james.russell@hamptonu.edu; Rezac, Ladislav 6; Email Address: rezac@mps.mpg.de; Feofilov, Artem G. 7; Email Address: artem.feofilov@lmd.polytechnique.fr; Mlynczak, Martin G. 8; Email Address: m.g.mlynczak@nasa.gov; Yiğit, Erdal 1; Email Address: eyigit@gmu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA; 4: Center for Geospace Studies, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, USA; 5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, Germany; 7: Laboratoire de Météorilogie Dynamique/IPSL/FX-Conseil, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France; 8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Mesosphere; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric radioactivity; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-766
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murphy, Thomas E.
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie E.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
T1  - A radiative transfer modeling approach for accurate interpretation of PAM fluorometry experiments in suspended algal cultures.
JO  - Biotechnology Progress
JF  - Biotechnology Progress
Y1  - 2016/11//Nov/Dec2016
VL  - 32
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1601
EP  - 1608
SN  - 87567938
AB  - The results of a numerical study on the simulation of pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometry within dense suspensions of photosynthetic microorganisms are presented. The Monte Carlo method was used to solve the radiative transfer equation in an algae-filled cuvette, taking into account absorption, anisotropic scattering, and fluorescence, as well as Fresnel reflections at interfaces. This method was used to simulate the transport of excitation and fluorescence light in a common laboratory fluorometer. In this fluorometer, detected fluorescence originates from a multitude of locations within the algal suspension, which can be exposed to very different fluence rates. The fluorescence-weighted fluence rate is reported, which is the local fluence rate of actinic light, averaged over all locations from which detected fluorescence originated. A methodology is reported for recovering the fluorescence-weighted fluence rate as a function of the transmittance of measuring light and actinic light through the sample, which are easily measured with common laboratory fluorometers. The fluorescence-weighted fluence rate can in turn be used as a correction factor for recovering intrinsic physiological parameters, such as the functional cross section of Photosystem II, from apparent (experimental) values. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1601-1615, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biotechnology Progress is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Photosynthesis
KW  - Pulse amplitude modulation
KW  - Fluorimetry
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - algae
KW  - PAM fluorometry
KW  - photosynthesis
KW  - Photosystem II
KW  - planktonic cultures
KW  - radiative transfer
KW  - suspended cultures
N1  - Accession Number: 120306005; Murphy, Thomas E. 1; Prufert-Bebout, Leslie E. 1; Bebout, Brad M. 1; Affiliations: 1: Exobiology Dept., NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Nov/Dec2016, Vol. 32 Issue 6, p1601; Thesaurus Term: Photosynthesis; Subject Term: Pulse amplitude modulation; Subject Term: Fluorimetry; Subject Term: Radiative transfer; Subject Term: Monte Carlo method; Author-Supplied Keyword: algae; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAM fluorometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosystem II; Author-Supplied Keyword: planktonic cultures; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: suspended cultures; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/btpr.2394
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120306005&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ALBRECHT, RACHEL I.
AU  - GOODMAN, STEVEN J.
AU  - BUECHLER, DENNIS E.
AU  - BLAKESLEE, RICHARD J.
AU  - CHRISTIAN, HUGH J.
T1  - WHERE ARE THE LIGHTNING HOTSPOTS ON EARTH?
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 97
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2051
EP  - 2068
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article discusses the lightning hotspots for the planet Earth. It references the 16-year study on lightning hotspots revealed through observations in very high-resolution lightning climatology using space-based Lightning Imaging Sensor. The prototype lightning sensor instrument Optical Transient Detector (OTD) was launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
KW  - Hot spots (Geology)
KW  - Lightning
KW  - Thunderstorm electricity
KW  - Earth (Planet) -- Remote-sensing images
KW  - Climatology -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 120346460; ALBRECHT, RACHEL I. 1,2; Email Address: rachel.albrecht@iag.usp.br; GOODMAN, STEVEN J. 3; BUECHLER, DENNIS E. 4; BLAKESLEE, RICHARD J. 5; CHRISTIAN, HUGH J. 4; Affiliations: 1: Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2: Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites- Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland; 3: NOAA/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, Greenbelt, Maryland; 4: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama; 5: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama; Issue Info: Nov2016, Vol. 97 Issue 11, p2051; Thesaurus Term: Hot spots (Geology); Thesaurus Term: Lightning; Subject Term: Thunderstorm electricity; Subject Term: Earth (Planet) -- Remote-sensing images; Subject Term: Climatology -- Equipment & supplies ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00193.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120346460&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cammarano, Davide
AU  - Rötter, Reimund P.
AU  - Asseng, Senthold
AU  - Ewert, Frank
AU  - Wallach, Daniel
AU  - Martre, Pierre
AU  - Hatfield, Jerry L.
AU  - Jones, James W.
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Boote, Kenneth J.
AU  - Thorburn, Peter J.
AU  - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian
AU  - Aggarwal, Pramod K.
AU  - Angulo, Carlos
AU  - Basso, Bruno
AU  - Bertuzzi, Patrick
AU  - Biernath, Christian
AU  - Brisson, Nadine
AU  - Challinor, Andrew J.
T1  - Uncertainty of wheat water use: Simulated patterns and sensitivity to temperature and CO2.
JO  - Field Crops Research
JF  - Field Crops Research
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 198
M3  - Article
SP  - 80
EP  - 92
SN  - 03784290
AB  - Projected global warming and population growth will reduce future water availability for agriculture. Thus, it is essential to increase the efficiency in using water to ensure crop productivity. Quantifying crop water use (WU; i.e. actual evapotranspiration) is a critical step towards this goal. Here, sixteen wheat simulation models were used to quantify sources of model uncertainty and to estimate the relative changes and variability between models for simulated WU, water use efficiency (WUE, WU per unit of grain dry mass produced), transpiration efficiency ( T eff , transpiration per kg of unit of grain yield dry mass produced), grain yield, crop transpiration and soil evaporation at increased temperatures and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO 2 ]). The greatest uncertainty in simulating water use, potential evapotranspiration, crop transpiration and soil evaporation was due to differences in how crop transpiration was modelled and accounted for 50% of the total variability among models. The simulation results for the sensitivity to temperature indicated that crop WU will decline with increasing temperature due to reduced growing seasons. The uncertainties in simulated crop WU, and in particularly due to uncertainties in simulating crop transpiration, were greater under conditions of increased temperatures and with high temperatures in combination with elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ] concentrations. Hence the simulation of crop WU, and in particularly crop transpiration under higher temperature, needs to be improved and evaluated with field measurements before models can be used to simulate climate change impacts on future crop water demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Field Crops Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Agricultural water-supply
KW  - Effect of carbon dioxide on plants
KW  - Agricultural productivity
KW  - Effect of global warming on plants
KW  - Wheat farming
KW  - Crops -- Water requirements
KW  - Effect of temperature on crops
KW  - Multi-model simulation
KW  - Sensitivity
KW  - Transpiration efficiency
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - Water use
N1  - Accession Number: 118522701; Cammarano, Davide 1; Email Address: davide.cammarano@gmail.com; Rötter, Reimund P. 2,3; Asseng, Senthold 1; Ewert, Frank 4,5; Wallach, Daniel 6; Martre, Pierre 7,8; Hatfield, Jerry L. 9; Jones, James W. 1; Rosenzweig, Cynthia 10; Ruane, Alex C. 10; Boote, Kenneth J. 1; Thorburn, Peter J. 11; Kersebaum, Kurt Christian 12; Aggarwal, Pramod K. 13; Angulo, Carlos 4; Basso, Bruno 14; Bertuzzi, Patrick 15; Biernath, Christian 16; Brisson, Nadine 17,18; Challinor, Andrew J. 19,20; Affiliations: 1: Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States; 2: Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland; 3: Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany; 4: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Universität Bonn, 53115, Germany; 5: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; 6: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR1248 Agrosystèmes et développement territorial, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France; 7: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals (GDEC), F-63 100 Clermont-Ferrand, France; 8: Blaise Pascal University, UMR1095 GDEC, F-63 170 Aubière, France; 9: National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States; 10: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, United States; 11: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosystem Sciences, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia; 12: Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany; 13: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, CIMMYT, New Delhi 110012, India; 14: Department of Geological Sciences and Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; 15: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), US1116 AgroClim, F- 84 914 Avignon, France; 16: Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany; 17: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR0211 Agronomie, F-78750 Thiverval-Grignon, France; 18: AgroParisTech, UMR0211 Agronomie, F-78750 Thiverval-Grignon, France; 19: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, United Kingdom; 20: CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia; Issue Info: Nov2016, Vol. 198, p80; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural water-supply; Thesaurus Term: Effect of carbon dioxide on plants; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural productivity; Thesaurus Term: Effect of global warming on plants; Subject Term: Wheat farming; Subject Term: Crops -- Water requirements; Subject Term: Effect of temperature on crops; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-model simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transpiration efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=118522701&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blankenship, Clay B.
AU  - Crosson, William L.
AU  - Case, Jonathan L.
AU  - Zavodsky, Bradley T.
T1  - Assimilation of SMOS Retrievals in the Land Information System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 54
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 6320
EP  - 6332
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite provides retrievals of soil moisture in roughly the upper 5 cm with a 30–50-km resolution and a mission accuracy requirement of 0.04 cm3/cm-3. These observations can be used to improve land surface model (LSM) soil moisture states through data assimilation (DA). In this paper, SMOS soil moisture retrievals are assimilated into the Noah LSM via an Ensemble Kalman Filter within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land Information System. Bias correction is implemented using cumulative distribution function (cdf) matching, with points aggregated by either land cover or soil type to reduce the sampling error in generating the cdfs. An experiment was run for the warm season of 2011 to test SMOS DA and to compare assimilation methods. Verification of soil moisture analyses in the 0–10-cm upper layer and the 0–1-m root zone was conducted using in situ measurements from several observing networks in central and southeastern United States. This experiment showed that SMOS DA significantly increased the anomaly correlation of Noah soil moisture with station measurements from 0.45 to 0.57 in the 0–10-cm layer. Time series at specific stations demonstrates the ability of SMOS DA to increase the dynamic range of soil moisture in a manner consistent with station measurements. Among the bias correction methods, the correction based on soil type performed best at bias reduction but also reduced correlations. The vegetation-based correction did not produce any significant differences compared with using a simple uniform correction curve. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - OCEAN salinity
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - CUMULATIVE distribution function
KW  - LAND cover
KW  - SOIL classification
KW  - Data assimilation
KW  - Data models
KW  - Kalman filters
KW  - land surface
KW  - Microwave measurement
KW  - microwave radiometry
KW  - passive microwave remote sensing
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Vegetation mapping
N1  - Accession Number: 120288826; Blankenship, Clay B. 1; Crosson, William L. 1; Case, Jonathan L. 2; Zavodsky, Bradley T. 3; Affiliations: 1: Universities Space Research Association (USRA) Space Technology Institute (STI), Huntsville, AL, USA; 2: ENSCO, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA; 3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL, USA; Issue Info: Nov2016, Vol. 54 Issue 11, p6320; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: OCEAN salinity; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: CUMULATIVE distribution function; Subject Term: LAND cover; Subject Term: SOIL classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: passive microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation mapping; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2579604
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=120288826&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, David L.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Nemec, Marian
AU  - Anderson, George R.
T1  - Optimization of Flexible Wings with Distributed Flaps at Off-Design Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/11//
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1731
EP  - 1745
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An efficient process to aerodynamically optimize transport wings while addressing static aeroelastic effects is presented. The process is used to assess the aerodynamic performance benefits of a full-span trailing-edge flap system on a generic transport aircraft at off-design conditions. To establish a proper baseline, a transport wing is first aerodynamically optimized at a midcruise flight condition. The optimized wing is then analyzed at several off-design cruise conditions. The aerodynamic optimization is repeated at these off-design conditions to determine how much performance is lost by the wing optimized solely for the midcruise condition. The full-span flap system is then adapted to maximize performance of the midcruise-optimized wing at each off-design condition. The improvement due to the trailing-edge flaps is quantified by examining the degree to which the flaps can recover the performance of a wing designed specifically for the off-design condition. To evaluate the repercussions of aeroelasticity on the effectiveness of the flap system, this entire process is performed on both a conventional stiff wing and a modern, more flexible wing. The impact of the choice of flap layout is also explored. The results indicate that the flap system allows for significant improvement in performance throughout cruise and that it can be advantageous even for wings with increased flexibility. Moreover, the flaps appear to provide a means for active wave drag reduction during flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120389687; Source Information: Nov2016, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1731; Number of Pages: 15p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=120389687&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berton, Jeffrey J.
T1  - System Noise Prediction of the DGEN 380 Turbofan Engine.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/11//
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1779
EP  - 1786
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The DGEN 380 is a small, separate-flow, geared turbofan being promoted for a small twinjet application in the emerging personal light jet market. Smaller, and producing less thrust than other entries in the industry, the engine could be applied to a four to five place twinjet designed to compete in an area currently dominated by propeller-driven airplanes. This paper documents the procedures used to project static noise measurements collected from the engine to flight conditions and the prediction of certification noise of a notional airplane powered by twin DGEN engines. A novel noise model calibration technique and a Monte Carlo uncertainty experiment are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120389691; Source Information: Nov2016, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1779; Number of Pages: 8p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033616
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=120389691&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikoleris, Tasos
AU  - Chatterji, Gano B.
AU  - Coppenbarger, Richard A.
T1  - Comparison of Fuel Consumption of Descent Trajectories Under Arrival Metering.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2016/11//
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1853
EP  - 1864
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper compares fuel consumption of descent trajectories from cruise altitude to meter fix when the required time of arrival is later than the nominal time of arrival at the meter fix. The required delay, which is the difference between the nominal and the required times of arrival, is achieved by either slowing down the aircraft in the cruise and descent phases or flying a longer route at a constant altitude. Performance models of 10 different Boeing and Airbus aircraft, obtained from the Base of Aircraft Data, are employed for generating the results. It is demonstrated that the most fuel-efficient speed-control strategy for absorbing delay is first reducing descent speed as much as possible and then reducing cruise speed. This is a common finding for all 10 aircraft considered. For some aircraft, flying at a fixed flight-path angle and constant Mach number/calibrated airspeed results in lower fuel consumption compared to standard descent at idle thrust and constant Mach number/calibrated airspeed. Finally, for the cases examined, it is shown that executing a path-stretch maneuver at cruise altitude and descent at a reduced speed is more fuel efficient than inserting an intermediate-altitude cruise segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120389697; Source Information: Nov2016, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1853; Number of Pages: 12p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033374
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=120389697&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mishra, Nischal
AU  - Helder, Dennis
AU  - Barsi, Julia
AU  - Markham, Brian
T1  - Continuous calibration improvement in solar reflective bands: Landsat 5 through Landsat 8.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 185
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 15
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Launched in February 2013, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on-board Landsat 8 continues to perform exceedingly well and provides high quality science data globally. Several design enhancements have been made in the OLI instrument relative to prior Landsat instruments: pushbroom imaging which provides substantially improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), spectral bandpasses refinement to avoid atmospheric absorption features, 12 bit data resolution to provide a larger dynamic range that limits the saturation level and increases SNR, a set of well-designed onboard calibrators to monitor the stability of the sensor. Some of these changes, such as refinements in spectral bandpasses compared to earlier Landsats and a well-designed on-board calibrator have a direct impact on the improved radiometric calibration performance of the instrument from both the stability of the response and the ability to track the changes. The on-board calibrator lamps and diffusers indicate that the instrument drift is generally < 0.1% per year across the bands. The refined bandpasses of the OLI indicate that temporal uncertainty of better than 0.5% is possible when the instrument is trended over vicarious targets such as Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS), a level of precision that was never achieved with the earlier Landsat instruments. With three years of data available, the stability measurements indicated by on-board calibrators and PICS agree to 0.5%, which is much better compared to the earlier Landsats, which is very encouraging and bodes well for the future Landsat missions too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar reflectors
KW  - Solar technology
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Signal-to-noise ratio
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Thematic mapper satellite
KW  - Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM +)
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Operation land imager (OLI)
KW  - Radiometric calibration
KW  - Thematic mapper (TM)
N1  - Accession Number: 118541279; Mishra, Nischal 1; Email Address: Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu; Helder, Dennis 1; Email Address: Dennis.Helder@sdstate.edu; Barsi, Julia 2; Email Address: julia.barsi@nasa.gov; Markham, Brian 3; Email Address: Brian.L.Markham@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Engineering-Office of Research, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA/GSFC Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA,; 3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Code 618, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Centre (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Issue Info: Nov2016, Vol. 185, p7; Thesaurus Term: Solar reflectors; Thesaurus Term: Solar technology; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Signal-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: Solar radiation; Subject Term: Thematic mapper satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM +); Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operation land imager (OLI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thematic mapper (TM); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238160 Roofing Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=118541279&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alston, Erica J.
AU  - Sokolik, Irina N.
T1  - A First-Order Assessment of Direct Aerosol Radiative Effect in the Southeastern U.S. Using Over a Decade Long Multisatellite Data Record.
JO  - Air, Soil & Water Research
JF  - Air, Soil & Water Research
Y1  - 2016/12//
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 112
PB  - Libertas Academica Ltd.
SN  - 11786221
AB  - Aerosols comprise a critical portion of the Earth's climate due to their radiative properties. More emphasis is now being placed upon understanding radiative effects of aerosols on a regional scale. The primary goal of this research is to estimate the aerosol direct radiative effect (DRE) and examine its dynamical nature in the Southeastern U.S. based on satellite data obtained from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) instruments onboard the Terra satellite from 2000 to 2011. This 12-year analysis utilizes satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface albedo, cloud fraction, and single-scattering albedo over the Southeastern U.S. as inputs to a first-order approximation of regional top of the atmosphere DRE. Results indicate that AOD is the primary driver of DRE estimates, with surface albedo and singlescattering albedo having some appreciable effects as well. During the cooler months, the minima (less negative) of DRE vary between -6 and -3 W/m², and during the warmer months, there is more variation with DRE maxima varying between -24 and -12.6 W/m² for MODIS and -22.5 and -11 W/m² for MISR. Yet if we take an average of the monthly DRE over time (12 years), we estimate ΔF = -7.57 W/m² for MODIS and ΔF = -5.72 W/m² for MISR. Regional assessments of the DRE show that background levels of DRE are similar to the 12-year average of satellite-based DRE, with urbanized areas having increased levels of DRE compared to background conditions. Over the study period, DRE has a positive trend (becoming less negative), which implies that the region could lose this protective top of the atmosphere cooling with the advancement of climate change impacting the biogenic emissions of aerosols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Air, Soil & Water Research is the property of Libertas Academica Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Radioactive aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Air pollutants
KW  - Atomization
KW  - Energy levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - aerosol direct radiative effect
KW  - aerosols
KW  - climate
KW  - MISR
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 120450097; Alston, Erica J. 1; Email Address: erica.j.alston@nasa.gov; Sokolik, Irina N. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA; Issue Info: 2016, Issue 9, p97; Thesaurus Term: Radioactive aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Air pollutants; Thesaurus Term: Atomization; Subject Term: Energy levels (Quantum mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosol direct radiative effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: MISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4137/ASWR.S39226
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120450097&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herman, Robert L.
AU  - Ray, Eric A.
AU  - Rosenlof, Karen H.
AU  - Bedka, Kristopher M.
AU  - Schwartz, Michael J.
AU  - Read, William G.
AU  - Troy, Robert F.
AU  - Chin, Keith
AU  - Christensen, Lance E.
AU  - Dejian Fu
AU  - Stachnik, Robert A.
AU  - Bui, T. Paul
AU  - Dean-Day, Jonathan M.
T1  - Enhanced Stratospheric Water Vapor over the Summertime Continental United States and the Role of Overshooting Convection.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/12//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The NASA ER-2 aircraft sampled the UTLS region over North America during the NASA Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field mission. This study reports three case studies of convectively-influenced air parcels with enhanced water vapor in the overworld stratosphere over the summertime continental United States. Water vapor mixing ratios greater than 10 ppmv, more than twice the stratospheric background levels, were measured by the JPL Laser Hygrometer (JLH Mark2) at pressure levels between 80 and 160 hPa. Through satellite observations and analysis, we make the connection between these in situ water measurements and overshooting cloud tops. The overshooting tops (OT) are identified from a SEAC4RS OT detection product based on satellite infrared window channel brightness temperature gradients. Back trajectory analysis ties enhanced water to OT one to seven days prior to the intercept by the aircraft. The trajectory paths are dominated by the North American Monsoon (NAM) anticyclonic circulation. This connection suggests that ice is convectively transported to the overworld stratosphere in OT events and subsequently sublimated; such events may irreversibly enhance stratospheric water vapor in the summer over Mexico and the United States. Regional context is provided by water observations from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric water vapor
KW  - Weather forecasting
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 120549530; Herman, Robert L. 1; Email Address: robert.l.herman@jpl.nasa.gov; Ray, Eric A. 2; Email Address: eric.ray@noaa.gov; Rosenlof, Karen H. 2; Email Address: karen.h.rosenlof@noaa.gov; Bedka, Kristopher M. 3; Email Address: kristopher.m.bedka@nasa.gov; Schwartz, Michael J. 1; Email Address: michael.j.schwartz@jpl.nasa.gov; Read, William G. 1; Email Address: william.g.read@jpl.nasa.gov; Troy, Robert F. 1; Email Address: robert.f.troy@jpl.nasa.gov; Chin, Keith 1; Email Address: keith.b.chin@jpl.nasa.gov; Christensen, Lance E. 1; Email Address: lance.e.christensen@jpl.nasa.gov; Dejian Fu 1; Email Address: dejian.fu@jpl.nasa.gov; Stachnik, Robert A. 1; Email Address: robert.a.stachnik@jpl.nasa.gov; Bui, T. Paul 4; Email Address: thaopaul.v.bui@nasa.gov; Dean-Day, Jonathan M. 5; Email Address: jonathan.m.dean-day@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; 2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; 5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric water vapor; Thesaurus Term: Weather forecasting; Subject Term: Stratospheric chemistry; Subject Term: Atmospheric composition; Subject: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-1065
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120549530&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitchell, David L.
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Avery, Melody
AU  - Erfani, Ehsan
T1  - CALIPSO observations of the dependence of homo- and heterogeneous ice nucleation in cirrus clouds on latitude, season and surface condition.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/12//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 60
SN  - 16807367
AB  - There are two fundamental mechanisms through which cirrus clouds form; homo- and heterogeneous ice nucleation (henceforth hom and het). The relative contribution of each mechanism to ice crystal production often determines the microphysical and radiative properties of a cirrus cloud.  A new satellite remote sensing method is described in this study to estimate cirrus cloud ice particle number concentration and the relative contribution of hom and het to cirrus cloud formation as a function of altitude, latitude, season and surface type (e.g. land vs. ocean). This method uses co-located observations from the Infrared Imaging Radiometer (IIR) and from the CALIOP (Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization) lidar aboard the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) polar orbiting satellite, employing IIR channels at 10.6 μm and 12.05 μm. The method is applied here to single-layered clouds of visible optical depth between about 0.3 and 3. Two years of Version 3 data have been analyzed for the years 2008 and 2013, with each season characterized in terms of 532 nm cirrus cloud centroid altitude and temperature, the cirrus cloud ice particle number concentration, effective diameter, layer-average ice water content and visible optical depth. Using a conservative criterion for hom cirrus, on average, the sampled cirrus clouds formed through hom occur about 43% of the time in the Arctic and 50% of the time in the Antarctic, and during winter at mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, hom cirrus occur 37% of the time. Elsewhere (and during other seasons in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes), this hom cirrus fraction is lower. Processes that could potentially explain these observations are discussed, as well as the potential relevancy of these results to ice nucleation studies, climate modeling and jet-stream dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric nucleation
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Latitude
N1  - Accession Number: 120549528; Mitchell, David L. 1; Email Address: david.mitchell@dri.edu; Garnier, Anne 2; Email Address: Anne.Garnier@latmos.ipsl.fr; Avery, Melody 3; Email Address: Melody.A.Avery@nasa.gov; Erfani, Ehsan 4; Email Address: ehsan@nevada.unr.edu; Affiliations: 1: Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nucleation; Thesaurus Term: Cirrus clouds; Thesaurus Term: Radiometers; Subject Term: Ice crystals; Subject Term: Latitude; Number of Pages: 60p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-1062
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120549528&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voigt, Christiane
AU  - Dörnbrack, Andreas
AU  - Wirth, Martin
AU  - Groβ, Silke M.
AU  - Baumann, Robert
AU  - Ehard, Benedikt
AU  - Pitts, Michael C.
AU  - Poole, Lamont R.
AU  - Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin
AU  - Oelhaf, Hermann
T1  - Widespread persistent polar stratospheric ice clouds in the Arctic.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/12//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 27
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Despite a general decline in ozone depleting substances in the stratosphere due to the multi-national commitment to substantially reduce the emissions of their precursors, the magnitude of Arctic polar ozone loss has not decreased in recent years. Thus new observations at cold conditions can help to enhance our knowledge of polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) formation and life cycle which is of relevance for Arctic ozone loss. In the unique winter 2015/16, cold and persistent areas with temperatures below the ice frost point Tice developed in the Arctic stratosphere, caused by reduced perturbations of the polar vortex through planetary waves. Due to these extreme conditions, unprecedented and widespread ice PSCs formed and persisted for more than a month in the Arctic. These ice PSCs were repeatedly detected by lidars on the CALIPSO satellite and on the high altitude long range research aircraft HALO. A new lower threshold of the backscatter ratio-1 of 0.3 for ice PSCs derived from high-resolution lidar measurements at 532 nm wavelength leads to enhanced ice PSC coverage compared to previous analysis. The ice PSCs were generally surrounded by nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) and supercooled ternary solution (STS) clouds. By combining optical PSC data and trajectory analysis, we investigate ice formation pathways. In addition to ice nucleation in STSm with meteoric dust, we find that ice nucleation on pre-existing NAT may play an important role in polar winter. Persistent synoptic-scale Arctic ice PSCs have not been observed so far. Hence, ice PSCs are a sensitive marker for cold stratospheric winter temperatures modulated by natural variability and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Ozone layer depletion
KW  - Polar stratospheric clouds
KW  - Stratospheric circulation
KW  - Arctic regions
N1  - Accession Number: 120549538; Voigt, Christiane 1,2; Email Address: christiane.voigt@dlr.de; Dörnbrack, Andreas 1; Email Address: andreas.doernbrack@dlr.de; Wirth, Martin 1; Email Address: martin.wirth@dlr.de; Groβ, Silke M. 1; Email Address: silke.gross@dlr.de; Baumann, Robert 1; Email Address: Robert.Baumann@dlr.de; Ehard, Benedikt 1; Email Address: benedikt.ehard@dlr.de; Pitts, Michael C. 3; Email Address: michael.c.pitts@nasa.gov; Poole, Lamont R. 4; Email Address: lamont.r.poole@nasa.gov; Sinnhuber, Björn-Martin 5; Email Address: bjoern-martin.sinnhuber@kit.edu; Oelhaf, Hermann 5; Email Address: Hermann.Oelhaf@kit.edu; Affiliations: 1: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, 82234, Germany; 2: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, 55881, Germany; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 4: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; 5: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, 76344, Germany; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Ice clouds; Thesaurus Term: Ozone layer depletion; Thesaurus Term: Polar stratospheric clouds; Subject Term: Stratospheric circulation; Subject Term: Arctic regions; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-1082
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120549538&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zamora, Lauren M.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Eckhardt, Sabine
AU  - McComiskey, Allison
AU  - Sawamura, Patricia
AU  - Moore, Richard
AU  - Stohl, Andreas
T1  - Arctic aerosol net indirect effects on thin, mid-altitude, liquid-bearing clouds.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2016/12//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 35
SN  - 16807367
AB  - Aerosol indirect effects have uncertain, but potentially large, impacts on the Arctic energy budget. Here, we have reduced uncertainty in current-day Arctic net aerosol indirect effects on the surface by better constraining various physical and microphysical characteristics of optically thin, liquid-containing clouds in clean, average and aerosol-impacted conditions using a combination of CALIPSO and CloudSat data and model output. This work provides a foundation for how future observational studies can evaluate previous model estimates of the aerosol indirect effect. Clouds over sea ice and open ocean show large differences in surface and meteorological forcing, including a near doubling of multi-layer cloud presence over the open ocean compared to sea ice. The optically thin cloud subset is susceptible to aerosols, and over sea ice we estimate a regional scale maximum net indirect effect on these clouds during polar night equivalent to ~ 0.6-0.8 W m-2 at the surface. Aerosol presence is related to reduced precipitation, cloud thickness, and radar reflectivity, and may be associated with an increased likelihood of cloud presence in the liquid phase. The observations are consistent with a thermodynamic indirect effect hypothesis and are inconsistent with a glaciation indirect effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Sea ice
KW  - Meteorological observations
N1  - Accession Number: 120549516; Zamora, Lauren M. 1,2; Email Address: lauren.m.zamora@nasa.gov; Kahn, Ralph A. 2; Email Address: ralph.a.kahn@nasa.gov; Eckhardt, Sabine 3; Email Address: sabine.eckhardt@nilu.no; McComiskey, Allison 4; Email Address: allison.mccomiskey@noaa.gov; Sawamura, Patricia 5,6; Email Address: patricia.sawamura@gmail.com; Moore, Richard 5; Email Address: richard.h.moore@nasa.gov; Stohl, Andreas 3; Email Address: ast@nilu.no; Affiliations: 1: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Universities Space Research Association; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 3: NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; 4: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Clouds; Thesaurus Term: Data analysis; Thesaurus Term: Sea ice; Subject Term: Meteorological observations; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-1037
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120549516&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folberth, Christian
AU  - Elliott, Joshua
AU  - Müller, Christoph
AU  - Balkovic, Juraj
AU  - Chryssanthacopoulos, James
AU  - Izaurralde, Roberto C.
AU  - Jones, Curtis D.
AU  - Khabarov, Nikolay
AU  - Wenfeng Liu
AU  - Reddy, Ashwan
AU  - Schmid, Erwin
AU  - Skalský, Rastislav
AU  - Hong Yang
AU  - Arneth, Almut
AU  - Ciais, Philippe
AU  - Deryng, Delphine
AU  - Lawrence, Peter J.
AU  - Olin, Stefan
AU  - Pugh, Thomas A. M.
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
T1  - Uncertainties in global crop model frameworks: effects of cultivar distribution, crop management and soil handling on crop yield estimates.
JO  - Biogeosciences Discussions
JF  - Biogeosciences Discussions
Y1  - 2016/12//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 30
SN  - 18106277
AB  - Global gridded crop models (GGCMs) combine field-scale agronomic models or sets of plant growth algorithms with gridded spatial input data to estimate spatially explicit crop yields and agricultural externalities at the global scale. Differences in GGCM outputs arise from the use of different bio-physical models, setups, and input data. While algorithms have been in the focus of recent GGCM comparisons, this study investigates differences in maize and wheat yield estimates from five GGCMs based on the public domain field-scale model Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) that participate in the AgMIP Global Gridded Crop Model Intercomparison (GGCMI) project. Albeit using the same crop model, the GGCMs differ in model version, input data, management assumptions, parameterization, geographic distribution of cultivars, and selection of subroutines e.g. for the estimation of potential evapotranspiration or soil erosion. The analyses reveal long-term trends and inter-annual yield variability in the EPIC-based GGCMs to be highly sensitive to soil parameterization and crop management. Absolute yield levels as well depend not only on nutrient supply but also on the parameterization and distribution of crop cultivars. All GGCMs show an intermediate performance in reproducing reported absolute yield levels or inter-annual dynamics. Our findings suggest that studies focusing on the evaluation of differences in bio-physical routines may require further harmonization of input data and management assumptions in order to eliminate background noise resulting from differences in model setups. For agricultural impact assessments, employing a GGCM ensemble with its widely varying assumptions in setups appears the best solution for bracketing such uncertainties as long as comprehensive global datasets taking into account regional differences in crop management, cultivar distributions and coefficients for parameterizing agro-environmental processes are lacking. Finally, we recommend improvements in the documentation of setups and input data of GGCMs in order to allow for sound interpretability, comparability and reproducibility of published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeosciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Crop management
KW  - Crop yields
KW  - Plant varieties
KW  - Agronomy
KW  - Evapotranspiration
N1  - Accession Number: 120549608; Folberth, Christian 1; Email Address: folberth@iiasa.ac.at; Elliott, Joshua 2,3; Email Address: joshuaelliott@uchicago.edu; Müller, Christoph 4; Email Address: cmueller@pik-potsdam.de; Balkovic, Juraj 1,5; Email Address: balkovic@iiasa.ac.at; Chryssanthacopoulos, James 3; Email Address: jchryssanthacopoulos@gmail.com; Izaurralde, Roberto C. 6,7; Email Address: cizaurra@umd.edu; Jones, Curtis D. 6; Email Address: cujo@umd.edu; Khabarov, Nikolay 1; Email Address: khabarov@iiasa.ac.at; Wenfeng Liu 8; Email Address: wfliu2012@gmail.com; Reddy, Ashwan 6; Email Address: areddy01@gmail.com; Schmid, Erwin 9; Email Address: erwin.schmid@boku.ac.at; Skalský, Rastislav 1,10; Email Address: skalsky@iiasa.ac.at; Hong Yang 8,11; Email Address: hong.yang@eawag.ch; Arneth, Almut 12; Email Address: almut.arneth@kit.edu; Ciais, Philippe 13; Email Address: philippe.ciais@lsce.ipsl.fr; Deryng, Delphine 3; Email Address: dd2825@columbia.edu; Lawrence, Peter J. 14; Email Address: lawrence@ucar.edu; Olin, Stefan 15; Email Address: stefan.olin@nateko.lu.se; Pugh, Thomas A. M. 12,16; Email Address: t.a.m.pugh@bham.ac.uk; Ruane, Alex C. 3,17; Email Address: alexander.c.ruane@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria; 2: University of Chicago and ANL Computation Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; 3: Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research and NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA; 4: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; 5: Comenius University in Bratislava, Department of Soil Science, 842 15 Bratislava, Slo vak Republic; 6: University of Maryland, Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, MD 20742, USA; 7: Texas A&M University, Texas AgriLife Research and Extension, Temple, TX 76502, USA; 8: Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH - 8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland; 9: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Economic Development, 1180 Vienna, Austria; 10: Soil Science and Conservation Research Institute, National Agricultural and Food Centre, 82713 Bratislava, Slovak Republic; 11: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland; 12: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, IMK-IFU, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany; 13: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'En vironnement. CEA CNRS UVSQ Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; 14: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth System Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; 15: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; 16: School of Geography, Earth & Environmental Science and Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom; 17: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA; Issue Info: 2016, p1; Thesaurus Term: Crop management; Thesaurus Term: Crop yields; Thesaurus Term: Plant varieties; Thesaurus Term: Agronomy; Thesaurus Term: Evapotranspiration; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/bg-2016-527
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120549608&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA
AU  - PING CHANG
AU  - MEDEIROS, BRIAN
AU  - KIRTMAN, BEN P.
AU  - MECHOSO, ROBERTO
AU  - SCHNEIDER, EDWIN K.
AU  - TONIAZZO, THOMAS
AU  - RICHTER, INGO
AU  - SMALL, R. JUSTIN
AU  - BELLOMO, KATINKA
AU  - BRANDT, PETER
AU  - DE SZOEKE, SIMON
AU  - FARRAR, J. THOMAS
AU  - EUNSIL JUNG
AU  - SEIJI KATO
AU  - MINGKUI LI
AU  - PATRICOLA, CHRISTINA
AU  - ZAIYU WANG
AU  - WOOD, ROBERT
AU  - ZHAO XU
T1  - CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR REDUCING COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL SST BIASES IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 97
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2305
EP  - 2327
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article focuses on the challenges in reducing the sea surface temperature (SST) biases in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. It mentions the impact of SST biases in the origin determination and precipitation biases in the Indian Ocean. Information regarding the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) precipitation bond, the contemporary coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (CGCMs), and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are discussed.  INSET: A 30-YEAR HISTORY CONTINUES.
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - General circulation model
KW  - Southern oscillation
KW  - Ocean temperature -- Measurement
KW  - Estimation bias
KW  - Intertropical convergence zone
KW  - El Niño Current
KW  - Indian Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 120781589; ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA 1; Email Address: pzuidema@rsmas.miami.edu; PING CHANG 2; MEDEIROS, BRIAN 3; KIRTMAN, BEN P. 1; MECHOSO, ROBERTO 4; SCHNEIDER, EDWIN K. 5; TONIAZZO, THOMAS 6; RICHTER, INGO 7; SMALL, R. JUSTIN 3; BELLOMO, KATINKA 8; BRANDT, PETER 9; DE SZOEKE, SIMON 10; FARRAR, J. THOMAS 1,11; EUNSIL JUNG 1; SEIJI KATO 12; MINGKUI LI 13; PATRICOLA, CHRISTINA 14; ZAIYU WANG 5; WOOD, ROBERT 15; ZHAO XU 13; Affiliations: 1: University of Miami, Miami, Florida; 2: Texas A&M, College Station, Texas, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; 3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; 4: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; 5: George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia; 6: University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; 7: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan; 8: Columbia University, New York, New York; 9: GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany; 10: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; 11: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts; 12: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 13: Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; 14: Texas A&M, College Station, Texas; 15: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Issue Info: Dec2016, Vol. 97 Issue 12, p2305; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Thesaurus Term: General circulation model; Thesaurus Term: Southern oscillation; Subject Term: Ocean temperature -- Measurement; Subject Term: Estimation bias; Subject Term: Intertropical convergence zone; Subject Term: El Niño Current; Subject: Indian Ocean; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00274.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120781589&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sungho
AU  - Kempes, Christopher P.
AU  - Park, Taejin
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Xu, Liang
AU  - Basu, Saikat
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
AU  - Simard, Marc
AU  - Saatchi, Sassan S.
AU  - Piao, Shilong
AU  - Ni, Xiliang
AU  - Shi, Yuli
AU  - Cao, Chunxiang
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Application of the metabolic scaling theory and water-energy balance equation to model large-scale patterns of maximum forest canopy height.
JO  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
JF  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 25
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1428
EP  - 1442
SN  - 1466822X
AB  - Aim Forest height, an important biophysical property, underlies the distribution of carbon stocks across scales. Because in situ observations are labour intensive and thus impractical for large-scale mapping and monitoring of forest heights, most previous studies adopted statistical approaches to help alleviate measured data discontinuity in space and time. Here, we document an improved modelling approach which links metabolic scaling theory and the water-energy balance equation with actual observations in order to produce large-scale patterns of forest heights. Methods Our model, called allometric scaling and resource limitations (ASRL), accounts for the size-dependent metabolism of trees whose maximum growth is constrained by local resource availability. Geospatial predictors used in the model are altitude and monthly precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, vapour pressure and wind speed. Disturbance history (i.e. stand age) is also incorporated to estimate contemporary forest heights. Results This study provides a baseline map ( c. 2005; 1-km2 grids) of forest heights over the contiguous United States. The Pacific Northwest/California is predicted as the most favourable region for hosting large trees ( c. 100 m) because of sufficient annual precipitation (> 1400 mm), moderate solar radiation ( c. 330 W m−2) and temperature ( c. 14 °C). Our results at sub-regional level are generally in good and statistically significant ( P-value < 0.001) agreement with independent reference datasets: field measurements [mean absolute error (MAE) = 4.0 m], airborne/spaceborne lidar (MAE = 7.0 m) and an existing global forest height product (MAE = 4.9 m). Model uncertainties at county level are also discussed in this study. Main conclusions We improved the metabolic scaling theory to address variations in vertical forest structure due to ecoregion and plant functional type. A clear mechanistic understanding embedded within the model allowed synergistic combinations between actual observations and multiple geopredictors in forest height mapping. This approach shows potential for prognostic applications, unlike previous statistical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Ecology & Biogeography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Bioenergetics
KW  - Forest canopies
KW  - Water balance (Hydrology)
KW  - Allometric equations
KW  - Space & time
KW  - Carbon monitoring
KW  - disturbance history
KW  - geospatial predictors
KW  - large-scale modelling
KW  - maximum forest height
KW  - mechanistic understanding
KW  - metabolic scaling theory
KW  - prognostic applications
KW  - water-energy balance
N1  - Accession Number: 119458450; Choi, Sungho 1; Kempes, Christopher P. 2; Park, Taejin 1; Ganguly, Sangram 3; Wang, Weile 4; Xu, Liang 5; Basu, Saikat 6; Dungan, Jennifer L. 7; Simard, Marc 8; Saatchi, Sassan S. 8; Piao, Shilong 9; Ni, Xiliang 10; Shi, Yuli 11; Cao, Chunxiang 10; Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 12; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliations: 1: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University; 2: Control and Dynamical Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA/The Santa Fe Institute; 3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI) and NASA Ames Research Center; 4: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955/ Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; 5: Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California; 6: Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University; 7: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center; 8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; 9: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University; 10: State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences; 11: School of Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; 12: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Issue Info: Dec2016, Vol. 25 Issue 12, p1428; Thesaurus Term: Bioenergetics; Thesaurus Term: Forest canopies; Thesaurus Term: Water balance (Hydrology); Subject Term: Allometric equations; Subject Term: Space & time; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: disturbance history; Author-Supplied Keyword: geospatial predictors; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: maximum forest height; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanistic understanding; Author-Supplied Keyword: metabolic scaling theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostic applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: water-energy balance; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/geb.12503
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=119458450&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Standardized Bacopa monnieri extract ameliorates acute paraquat-induced oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity in prepubertal mice brain.
AU  - Hosamani, Ravikumar
AU  - Krishna, Gokul
AU  - Muralidhara
JO  - Nutritional Neuroscience
JF  - Nutritional Neuroscience
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 19
IS  - 10
SP  - 434
EP  - 446
SN  - 1028415X
N1  - Accession Number: 119572632; Author: Hosamani, Ravikumar: 1,2 Author: Krishna, Gokul: 1 Author: Muralidhara: 1 ; Author Affiliation: 1 Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India: 2 Space Bioscience Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; No. of Pages: 13; Language: English; Publication Type: Article; Update Code: 20161121
N2  - Objectives:Bacopa monnieri(BM), an ayurvedic medicinal plant, has attracted considerable interest owing to its diverse neuropharmacological properties. Epidemiological studies have shown significant correlation between paraquat (PQ) exposure and increased risk for Parkinson's disease in humans. In this study, we examined the propensity of standardized extract of BM to attenuate acute PQ-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and neurotoxicity in the different brain regions of prepubertal mice. Methods: To test this hypothesis, prepubertal mice provided orally with standardized BM extract (200 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks) were challenged with an acute dose (15 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) of PQ after 3 hours of last dose of extract. Mice were sacrificed after 48 hours of PQ injection, and different brain regions were isolated and subjected to biochemical determinations/quantification of central monoamine (dopamine, DA) levels (by high-performance liquid chromatography). Results: Oral supplementation of BM for 4 weeks resulted in significant reduction in the basal levels of oxidative markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroperoxides (HP) in various brain regions. PQ at the administered dose elicited marked oxidative stress within 48 hours in various brain regions of mice. However, BM prophylaxis significantly improved oxidative homeostasis by restoring PQ-induced ROS, MDA, and HP levels and also by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, BM supplementation restored the activities of cholinergic enzymes along with the restoration of striatal DA levels among the PQ-treated mice. Discussion: Based on these findings, we infer that BM prophylaxis renders the brain resistant to PQ-mediated oxidative perturbations and thus may be better exploited as a preventive approach to protect against oxidative-mediated neuronal dysfunctions. ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR
KW  - *OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - *PUBERTY
KW  - *BRAIN -- Physiology
KW  - BACOPA monnieri
KW  - PLANT extracts -- Therapeutic use
KW  - NEUROTOXICOLOGY
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - Bacopa monnieri
KW  - Mice
KW  - Mitochondrial dysfunctions
KW  - Oxidative stress
KW  - Paraquat
KW  - Parkinson's disease
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - s3h
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Storey, James
AU  - Roy, David P.
AU  - Masek, Jeffrey
AU  - Gascon, Ferran
AU  - Dwyer, John
AU  - Choate, Michael
T1  - A note on the temporary misregistration of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) imagery.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 186
M3  - Article
SP  - 121
EP  - 122
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 sensors provide multi-spectral image data with similar spectral and spatial characteristics that together provide improved temporal coverage globally. Both systems are designed to register Level 1 products to a reference image framework, however, the Landsat-8 framework, based upon the Global Land Survey images, contains residual geolocation errors leading to an expected sensor-to-sensor misregistration of 38 m (2σ). These misalignments vary geographically but should be stable for a given area. The Landsat framework will be readjusted for consistency with the Sentinel-2 Global Reference Image, with completion expected in 2018. In the interim, users can measure Landsat-to-Sentinel tie points to quantify the misalignment in their area of interest and if appropriate to reproject the data to better alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - Multispectral imaging
KW  - Satellite interference geolocation technology
KW  - Image registration
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Sentinel-2
N1  - Accession Number: 119155720; Storey, James 1; Email Address: james.storey.ctr@usgs.gov; Roy, David P. 2; Email Address: david.roy@sdstate.edu; Masek, Jeffrey 3; Email Address: jeffrey.g.masek@nasa.gov; Gascon, Ferran 4; Email Address: ferran.gascon@esa.int; Dwyer, John 5; Email Address: dwyer@usgs.gov; Choate, Michael 1; Email Address: michael.choate.ctr@usgs.gov; Affiliations: 1: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA; 2: Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA; 3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 4: European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), Frascati, Italy; 5: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, SD, USA; Issue Info: Dec2016, Vol. 186, p121; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Subject Term: Multispectral imaging; Subject Term: Satellite interference geolocation technology; Subject Term: Image registration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sentinel-2; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=119155720&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Huemmrich, K. Fred
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - Corp, Lawrence A.
AU  - Kustas, William P.
AU  - Russ, Andrew L.
AU  - Prueger, John H.
AU  - Yao, Tian
T1  - Integrating chlorophyll fAPAR and nadir photochemical reflectance index from EO-1/Hyperion to predict cornfield daily gross primary production.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 186
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 321
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The concept of light use efficiency (ε) and the concept of fraction of photosynthetically active ration (PAR) absorbed for vegetation photosynthesis (PSN), i.e., fAPAR PSN , have been widely utilized to estimate vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP). It has been demonstrated that the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) is empirically related to ε. An experimental US Department of Agriculture (USDA) cornfield in Maryland was selected as our study field. We explored the potential of integrating fAPAR chl (defined as the fraction of PAR absorbed by chlorophyll) and nadir PRI (PRI nadir ) to predict cornfield daily GPP. We acquired nadir or near-nadir EO-1/Hyperion satellite images that covered the cornfield and took nadir in-situ field spectral measurements. Those data were used to derive the PRI nadir and fAPAR chl . The fAPAR chl is retrieved with the advanced radiative transfer model PROSAIL2 and the Metropolis approach, a type of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation procedure. We define chlorophyll light use efficiency (ε chl ) as the ratio of vegetation GPP as measured by eddy covariance techniques to PAR absorbed by chlorophyll (ε chl = GPP/APAR chl ). Daily ε chl retrieved with the EO-1 Hyperion images was regressed with a linear equation of PRI nadir (ε chl = α × PRI nadir + β). The satellite ε chl -PRI nadir linear relationship for the cornfield was implemented to develop an integrated daily GPP model [GPP = (α × PRI nadir + β) × fAPAR chl × PAR], which was evaluated with fAPAR chl and PRI nadir retrieved from field measurements. Daily GPP estimated with this fAPAR chl -PRI nadir integration model was strongly correlated with the observed tower in-situ daily GPP (R 2 = 0.93); with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.71 g C mol − 1 PPFD and coefficient of variation (CV) of 16.57%. Both seasonal ε chl and PRI nadir were strongly correlated with fAPAR chl retrieved from field measurements, which indicates that chlorophyll content strongly affects seasonal ε chl and PRI nadir . We demonstrate the potential capacity to monitor GPP with space-based visible through shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers such as NASA’s soon to be decommissioned EO-1/Hyperion and the future Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Primary productivity (Biology)
KW  - Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)
KW  - Reflectance measurement
KW  - Hyperion (Satellite)
KW  - Cornfield
KW  - Daily GPP
KW  - EO-1/Hyperion
KW  - fAPAR chl
KW  - HyspIRI
KW  - PRI
N1  - Accession Number: 119155688; Zhang, Qingyuan 1,2; Email Address: qyz72@yahoo.com; Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Cheng, Yen-Ben 2,3; Huemmrich, K. Fred 2,4; Cook, Bruce D. 2; Corp, Lawrence A. 2,5; Kustas, William P. 6; Russ, Andrew L. 6; Prueger, John H. 7; Yao, Tian 1,2; Affiliations: 1: Unversities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA; 2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 3: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA; 4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA; 5: System Science and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA; 6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; 7: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Issue Info: Dec2016, Vol. 186, p311; Thesaurus Term: Chlorophyll; Thesaurus Term: Primary productivity (Biology); Thesaurus Term: Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: Reflectance measurement; Subject Term: Hyperion (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cornfield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Daily GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: EO-1/Hyperion; Author-Supplied Keyword: fAPAR chl; Author-Supplied Keyword: HyspIRI; Author-Supplied Keyword: PRI; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=119155688&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loftis, Jon Derek
AU  - Wang, Harry V.
AU  - DeYoung, Russell J.
AU  - Ball, William B.
T1  - Using Lidar Elevation Data to Develop a Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model for Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling at Langley Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Research
JF  - Journal of Coastal Research
Y1  - 2016/12/02/2016 Special Issue 76
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 148
PB  - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.
SN  - 07490208
AB  - Loftis, J.D.; Wang, H.V.; DeYoung, R.J., and Ball, W.B., 2016. Using lidar elevation data to develop a topobathymetric digital elevation model for sub-grid inundation modeling at Langley Research Center. In: Brock, J.C.; Gesch, D.B.; Parrish, C.E.; Rogers, J.N., and Wright, C.W. (eds.), Advances in Topobathymetric Mapping, Models, and Applications. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 76, pp. 134-148. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Technological progression in light detection and ranging permits the production of highly detailed digital elevation models, which are useful in sub-grid hydrodynamic modeling applications. Sub-grid modeling technology is capable of incorporating these high-resolution lidar-derived elevation measurements into the conventional hydrodynamic modeling framework to resolve detailed topographic features for inclusion in a hydrological transport model for runoff simulations. The horizontal resolution and vertical accuracy of the digital elevation model is augmented via inclusion of these lidar elevation values on a nested 5-m sub-grid within each coarse computational grid cell. This aids in resolving ditches and overland drainage infrastructure at Langley Research Center to calculate runoff induced by the heavy precipitation often accompanied with tropical storm systems, such as Hurricane Irene (2011) and Hurricane Isabel (2003). Temporal comparisons of model results with a NASA tide gauge during Hurricane Irene yielded a good R2 correlation of 0.97, and root mean squared error statistic of 0.079 m. A rigorous point-to-point comparison between model results and wrack line observations collected at several sites after Hurricane Irene revealed that when soil infiltration was not accounted for in the model, the mean difference between modeled and observed maximum water levels was approximately 10%. This difference was reduced to 2-5% when infiltration was considered in the model formulation, ultimately resulting in the sub-grid model more accurately predicting the horizontal maximum inundation extents within 1.0-8.5 m of flood sites surveyed. Finally, sea-level rise scenarios using Hurricane Isabel as a base case revealed future storm-induced inundation could extend 0.5-2.5 km inland corresponding to increases in mean sea level of 37.5-150 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Research is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Floods
KW  - Hurricane Irene, 2011
KW  - Hurricane Sandy, 2012
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Flood modeling
KW  - Hurricane Irene
KW  - Hurricane Isabel
KW  - sea-level rise
KW  - storm surge
KW  - tidewater
KW  - Virginia
N1  - Accession Number: 120511099; Loftis, Jon Derek 1; Wang, Harry V. 1; DeYoung, Russell J. 2; Ball, William B. 2; Affiliations: 1: Department of Physical Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, U.S.A.; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.; Issue Info: 2016 Special Issue 76, p134; Thesaurus Term: Hydrodynamics; Thesaurus Term: Floods; Thesaurus Term: Hurricane Irene, 2011; Thesaurus Term: Hurricane Sandy, 2012; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Flood modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hurricane Irene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hurricane Isabel; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea-level rise; Author-Supplied Keyword: storm surge; Author-Supplied Keyword: tidewater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virginia; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2112/SI76-012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120511099&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Dolanc, Christopher
T1  - Thirty Years of Change in Subalpine Forest Cover from Landsat Image Analysis in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California.
JO  - Forest Science
JF  - Forest Science
Y1  - 2016/12/08/
VL  - 62
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 632
PB  - Society of American Foresters
SN  - 0015749X
AB  - Landsat imagery was analyzed to understand changes in subalpine forest stands since the mid-1980s in the Sierra Nevada region of California. At locations where long-term plot measurements have shown that stands are becoming denser in the number of small tree stems (compared with the early 1930s), the 30-year analysis of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) indicated that no consistent increases in canopy leaf cover have occurred at these same locations since the mid-1980s. Interannual variations in stand NDVI closely followed snow accumulation amounts recorded at nearby stations. In contrast, at Sierra whitebark pine stand locations where it has been observed that widespread tree mortality has occurred, decreasing NDVI trends over the past 5-10 years were consistent with rapid loss of forest canopy cover. The matching of patterns and trends in the NDVI with measured stand attributes can better inform regionwide assessments of forest growth trends using Landsat image analysis. The management implications of these results will depend on the recruitment rates of subalpine trees across forest ecotones in decades to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Forest Science is the property of Society of American Foresters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Subalpine zone
KW  - Mountain ecology
KW  - Forests & forestry
KW  - Agroforestry
KW  - Landsat satellites
KW  - California
KW  - disturbance
KW  - forest
KW  - Landsat
KW  - normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
KW  - Sierra Nevada
N1  - Accession Number: 120383424; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Dolanc, Christopher 2; Email Address: cdolanc@mercyhurst.edu; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; 2: Mercyhurst University; Issue Info: 12/8/2016, Vol. 62 Issue 6, p623; Thesaurus Term: Subalpine zone; Thesaurus Term: Mountain ecology; Thesaurus Term: Forests & forestry; Thesaurus Term: Agroforestry; Subject Term: Landsat satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sierra Nevada; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5849/forsci.15-145
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120383424&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flynn, Clare Marie
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Thornhill, K. Lee
AU  - Loughner, Christopher
AU  - Lee, Pius
AU  - Strode, Sarah A.
T1  - Variability of O3 and NO2 profile shapes during DISCOVER-AQ: Implications for satellite observations and comparisons to model-simulated profiles.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/12/15/
VL  - 147
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 156
SN  - 13522310
AB  - To investigate the variability of in situ profile shapes under a variety of meteorological and pollution conditions, results are presented of an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of the in situ O 3 and NO 2 profiles for each of the four campaigns of the NASA DISCOVER-AQ mission. Understanding the observed profile variability for these trace gases is useful for understanding the accuracy of the assumed profile shapes used in satellite retrieval algorithms as well as for understanding the correlation between satellite column observations and surface concentrations. The four campaigns of the DISCOVER-AQ mission took place in Maryland during July 2011, the San Joaquin Valley of California during January–February 2013, the Houston, Texas, metropolitan region during September 2013, and the Denver-Front Range region of Colorado during July–August 2014. Several distinct profile clusters emerged for the California, Texas, and Colorado campaigns for O 3 , indicating significant variability of O 3 profile shapes, while the Maryland campaign presented only one distinct O 3 cluster. In contrast, very few distinct profile clusters emerged for NO 2 during any campaign for this particular clustering technique, indicating the NO 2 profile behavior was relatively uniform throughout each campaign. However, changes in NO 2 profile shape were evident as the boundary layer evolved through the day, but they were apparently not significant enough to yield more clusters. The degree of vertical mixing (as indicated by temperature lapse rate) associated with each cluster exerted an important influence on the shapes of the median cluster profiles for O 3 , as well as impacted the correlations between the associated column and surface data for each cluster for O 3 . The correlation analyses suggest satellites may have the best chance to relate to surface O 3 under the conditions encountered during the Maryland campaign Clusters 1 and 2, which include deep, convective boundary layers and few interruptions to this connection from complex meteorology, chemical environments, or orography. The regional CMAQ model captured the shape factors for O 3 , and moderately well captured the NO 2 shape factors, for the conditions associated with the Maryland campaign, suggesting that a regional air quality model may adequately specify a priori profile shapes for remote sensing retrievals. CMAQ shape factor profiles were not as well represented for the other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Clustering of particles
KW  - Precipitation (Chemistry)
KW  - Mountains -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Correlation (Statistics)
KW  - San Joaquin Valley (Calif.)
KW  - Aircraft measurement campaign
KW  - Cluster analysis
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - Measurement-model comparison
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 119290679; Flynn, Clare Marie 1; Email Address: cflynn@atmos.umd.edu; Pickering, Kenneth E. 1,2; Crawford, James H. 3; Weinheimer, Andrew J. 4; Diskin, Glenn 3; Thornhill, K. Lee 3; Loughner, Christopher 2,5; Lee, Pius 6; Strode, Sarah A. 7; Affiliations: 1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, United States; 2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, United States; 4: NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, United States; 5: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, United States; 6: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, United States; 7: GESTAR, NASA/GSFC, United States; Issue Info: Dec2016, Vol. 147, p133; Subject Term: Clustering of particles; Subject Term: Precipitation (Chemistry); Subject Term: Mountains -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: Correlation (Statistics); Subject: San Joaquin Valley (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft measurement campaign; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cluster analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement-model comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.068
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=119290679&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schumann, Ulrich
AU  - Baumann, Robert
AU  - Baumgardner, Darrel
AU  - Bedka, Sarah T.
AU  - Duda, David P.
AU  - Freudenthaler, Volker
AU  - Gayet, Jean-Francois
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Quante, Markus
AU  - Raschke, Ehrhard
AU  - Schlager, Hans
AU  - Vázquez-Navarro, Margarita
AU  - Voigt, Christiane
AU  - Zhien Wang
T1  - Properties of individual contrails: a compilation of observations and some comparisons.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 403
EP  - 438
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - Mean properties of individual contrails are characterized for a wide range of jet aircraft as a function of age during their life cycle from seconds to 11.5 h (7.4-18.7 km altitude, -88 to -31 °C ambient temperature), based on a compilation of about 230 previous in situ and remote sensing measurements. The airborne, satellite, and ground-based observations encompass exhaust contrails from jet aircraft from 1972 onwards, as well as a few older data for propeller aircraft. The contrails are characterized by mean ice particle sizes and concentrations, extinction, ice water content, optical depth, geometrical depth, and contrail width. Integral contrail properties include the cross-section area and total number of ice particles, total ice water content, and total extinction (area integral of extinction) per contrail length. When known, the contrail-causing aircraft and ambient conditions are characterized. The individual datasets are briefly described, including a few new analyses performed for this study, and compiled together to form a "contrail library" (COLI). The data are compared with results of the Contrail Cirrus Prediction (CoCiP) model. The observations confirm that the number of ice particles in contrails is controlled by the engine exhaust and the formation process in the jet phase, with some particle losses in the wake vortex phase, followed later by weak decreases with time. Contrail cross sections grow more quickly than expected from exhaust dilution. The cross-section-integrated extinction follows an algebraic approximation. The ratio of volume to effective mean radius decreases with time. The ice water content increases with increasing temperature, similar to non-contrail cirrus, while the equivalent relative humidity over ice saturation of the contrail ice mass increases at lower temperatures in the data. Several contrails were observed in warm air above the Schmidt- Appleman threshold temperature. The "emission index" of ice particles, i.e., the number of ice particles formed in the young contrail per burnt fuel mass, is estimated from the measured concentrations for estimated dilution; maximum values exceed 1015 kg-1. The dependence of the data on the observation methods is discussed.We find no obvious indication for significant contributions from spurious particles resulting from shattering of ice crystals on the microphysical probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Condensation trails
KW  - Ice
KW  - Particle size determination
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Atmospheric temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 120707647; Schumann, Ulrich 1; Baumann, Robert 1; Baumgardner, Darrel 2; Bedka, Sarah T. 3; Duda, David P. 3; Freudenthaler, Volker 4; Gayet, Jean-Francois 5; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 6; Minnis, Patrick 7; Quante, Markus 8; Raschke, Ehrhard 9; Schlager, Hans 1; Vázquez-Navarro, Margarita 1; Voigt, Christiane 1,10; Zhien Wang 11; Affiliations: 1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, 82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany; 2: Droplet Measurement Technologies Inc., Boulder, CO, USA; 3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 4: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Meteorologisches Institut, Munich, Germany; 5: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France; 6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; 7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 8: Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Institute of Coastal Research, Geesthacht, Germany; 9: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology and University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; 10: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Mainz, Germany; 11: University of Wyoming, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Laramie, WY, USA; Issue Info: 2017, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p403; Thesaurus Term: Condensation trails; Thesaurus Term: Ice; Thesaurus Term: Particle size determination; Thesaurus Term: Remote sensing; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; Number of Pages: 36p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-17-403-2017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120707647&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyun-Deok Choi
AU  - Hongyu Liu
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Considine, David B.
AU  - Allen, Dale J.
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Horowitz, Larry W.
AU  - Rodriguez, Jose M.
AU  - Strahan, Susan E.
AU  - Lin Zhang
AU  - Xiong Liu
AU  - Damon, Megan R.
AU  - Steenrod, Stephen D.
T1  - Global O3-CO Correlations in a Chemistry and Transport Model during July-August: Evaluation with TES Satellite Observations and Sensitivity to Input Meteorological Data and Emissions.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2017/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 65
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We examine the capability of the Global Modeling Initiative (GMI) chemistry and transport model to reproduce global mid-tropospheric (618 hPa) O3-CO correlations determined by the measurements from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) aboard NASA's Aura satellite during boreal summer (July-August). The model is driven by three meteorological data sets (fvGCM with sea surface temperature for 1995, GEOS4-DAS for 2005, and MERRA for 2005), allowing us to examine the sensitivity of model O3-CO correlations to input meteorological data. Model simulations of radionuclide tracers (222Rn, 210Pb, and 7Be) are used to illustrate the differences in transport-related processes among the meteorological data sets. Simulated O3 values are evaluated with climatological ozone profiles from ozonesonde measurements and satellite tropospheric O3 columns. Despite the fact that the three simulations show significantly different global and regional distributions of O3 and CO concentrations, all simulations show similar patterns of O3-CO correlations on a global scale. These patterns are consistent with those derived from TES observations, except in the tropical easterly biomass burning outflow regions. Discrepancies in regional O3-CO correlation patterns in the three simulations may be attributed to differences in convective transport, stratospheric influence, and subsidence, among other processes. To understand how various emissions drive global O3-CO correlation patterns, we examine the sensitivity of GMI/MERRA model-calculated O3 and CO concentrations and their correlations to emission types (fossil fuel, biomass burning, biogenic, and lightning NOx emissions). Fossil fuel and biomass burning emissions are mainly responsible for the strong positive O3-CO correlations over continental outflow regions in both hemispheres. Biogenic emissions have a relatively smaller impact on O3-CO correlations than other emissions, but are largely responsible for the negative correlations over the tropical eastern Pacific, reflecting the fact that O3 is consumed and CO generated during the atmospheric oxidation process of isoprene under low NOx conditions. We find that lightning NOx emissions degrade both positive correlations at mid-/high- latitudes and negative correlations in the tropics because ozone production downwind of lightning NOx emissions is not directly related to the emission and transport of CO. Our study concludes that O3-CO correlations may be used effectively to constrain the sources of regional tropospheric O3 in global 3-D models, especially for those regions where convective transport of pollution plays an important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric transport
KW  - Troposphere
KW  - Meteorological databases
KW  - Global modeling systems
KW  - Sensitivity analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 121096903; Hyun-Deok Choi 1; Email Address: hyundeok.choi@nasa.gov; Hongyu Liu 1; Email Address: hongyu.liu-1@nasa.gov; Crawford, James H. 2; Email Address: james.h.crawford@nasa.gov; Considine, David B. 2,3; Email Address: david.b.considine@nasa.gov; Allen, Dale J. 4; Email Address: djallen@umd.edu; Duncan, Bryan N. 5; Email Address: bryan.n.duncan@nasa.gov; Horowitz, Larry W. 6; Email Address: larry.horowitz@noaa.gov; Rodriguez, Jose M. 5; Email Address: jose.m.rodriguez@nasa.gov; Strahan, Susan E. 5,7; Email Address: susan.e.strahan@nasa.gov; Lin Zhang 8,9; Email Address: linzhang@post.harvard.edu; Xiong Liu 8; Email Address: xliu@cfa.harvard.edu; Damon, Megan R. 5,10; Email Address: megan.r.damon@nasa.gov; Steenrod, Stephen D. 5,7; Email Address: stephen.d.steenrod@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA; 2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; 3: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.; 4: University of Maryland, College Park, MD; 5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD; 6: NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamic s Laboratory, Princeton, NJ; 7: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD; 8: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; 9: Peking University, Beijing, China; 10: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD; Issue Info: 2017, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric chemistry; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric transport; Thesaurus Term: Troposphere; Subject Term: Meteorological databases; Subject Term: Global modeling systems; Subject Term: Sensitivity analysis; Number of Pages: 65p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-1079
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=121096903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sawamura, Patricia
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Burton, Sharon P.
AU  - Chemyakin, Eduard
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Kolgotin, Alexei
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
T1  - HSRL-2 aerosol optical measurements and microphysical retrievals vs. airborne in situ measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2013: an intercomparison study.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2017/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
SN  - 16807367
AB  - We present a detailed evaluation of remotely-sensed aerosol microphysical properties obtained from an advanced, multi-wavelength High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) during the 2013 NASA DISCOVER-AQ field campaign. Vertically-resolved retrievals of fine mode aerosol number, surface area, and volume concentration as well as aerosol effective radius are compared to 108 co-located, airborne in situ measurement profiles in the wintertime San Joaquin Valley, California, and in summertime Houston, Texas. An algorithm for relating the dry in situ aerosol properties to those obtained by the HSRL at ambient relative humidity is discussed. We show that the HSRL-2 retrievals of ambient fine mode aerosol surface area and volume concentrations agree with the in situ measurements to within 25 % and 10 %, respectively, once hygroscopic growth adjustments have been applied to the dry in situ data. Despite this excellent agreement for the microphysical properties, extinction and backscatter coefficients at ambient relative humidity derived from the in situ aerosol measurements using Mie theory are consistently smaller than those measured by the HSRL, with average differences of 31 % ± 5 % and 53 % ± 11 % for California and Texas, respectively. This low bias in the in situ estimates is attributed to the presence of coarse mode aerosol that are detected by HSRL-2 but that are too large to be well sampled by the in situ instrumentation. Since the retrieval of aerosol volume is most relevant to current regulatory efforts targeting fine particle mass (PM2.5), these findings highlight the advantages of an advanced 3β + 2α HSRL for constraining the vertical distribution of the aerosol volume or mass loading relevant for air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Humidity
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Surface area
KW  - Backscattering
N1  - Accession Number: 121096945; Sawamura, Patricia 1,2; Email Address: patricia.sawamura@ssaihq.com; Moore, Richard H. 1; Email Address: richard.h.moore@nasa.gov; Burton, Sharon P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov; Chemyakin, Eduard 1,2; Email Address: eduard.chemyakin@ssaihq.com; Müller, Detlef 2,3; Email Address: d.mueller@herts.ac.uk; Kolgotin, Alexei 4; Email Address: alexeift@yahoo.com; Ferrare, Richard A. 1; Email Address: richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov; Hostetler, Chris A. 1; Email Address: chris.a.hostetler@nasa.gov; Ziemba, Luke D. 1; Email Address: luke.d.ziemba@nasa.gov; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 5; Email Address: andreas.beyersdorf@csusb.edu; Anderson, Bruce E. 1; Email Address: bruce.e.anderson@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; 3: University of Hertfordshire, Hatﬁeld, Hertfordshire, UK; 4: Physics Instrumentation Center, Troitsk, Russia; 5: California State University, San Bernardino, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2017, p1; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Microphysics; Thesaurus Term: Humidity; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Surface area; Subject Term: Backscattering; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-1164
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - JENSEN, ERIC J.
AU  - PFISTER, LEONHARD
AU  - JORDAN, DAVID E.
AU  - BUI, THAOPAUL V.
AU  - UEYAMA, REI
AU  - SINGH, HANWANT B.
AU  - THORNBERRY, TROY D.
AU  - ROLLINS, ANDREW W.
AU  - RU-SHAN GAO
AU  - FAHEY, DAVID W.
AU  - ROSENLOF, KAREN H.
AU  - ELKINS, JAMES W.
AU  - DISKIN, GLENN S.
AU  - DIGANGI, JOSHUA P.
AU  - LAWSON, R. PAUL
AU  - WOODS, SARAH
AU  - ATLAS, ELLIOT L.
AU  - NAVARRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA A.
AU  - WOFSY, STEVEN C.
AU  - PITTMAN, JASNA
T1  - THE NASA AIRBORNE TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE EXPERIMENT.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 143
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The February--March 2014 deployment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) provided unique in situ measurements in the western Pacific tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Six flights were conducted from Guam with the long-range, high-altitude, unmanned Global Hawk aircraft. The ATTREX Global Hawk pay-load provided measurements of water vapor, meteorological conditions, cloud properties, tracer and chemical radical concentrations, and radiative fluxes. The campaign was partially coincident with the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST) airborne campaigns based in Guam using lower-altitude aircraft (see companion articles in this issue). The ATTREX dataset is being used for investigations of TTL cloud, transport, dynamical, and chemical processes, as well as for evaluation and improvement of global-model representations of TTL processes. The ATTREX data are publicly available online (at https://espoarchive.nasa.gov/). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Tropopause
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Altitudes
KW  - Geospatial data
KW  - United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 120758422; JENSEN, ERIC J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov; PFISTER, LEONHARD 1; JORDAN, DAVID E. 1; BUI, THAOPAUL V. 1; UEYAMA, REI 1; SINGH, HANWANT B. 1; THORNBERRY, TROY D. 2; ROLLINS, ANDREW W. 3; RU-SHAN GAO 4; FAHEY, DAVID W. 4; ROSENLOF, KAREN H. 4; ELKINS, JAMES W. 4; DISKIN, GLENN S. 5; DIGANGI, JOSHUA P. 5; LAWSON, R. PAUL 6; WOODS, SARAH 6; ATLAS, ELLIOT L. 7; NAVARRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA A. 7; WOFSY, STEVEN C. 8; PITTMAN, JASNA 8; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; 2: NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado; 4: NOAA/ Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; 5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 6: SPEC Inc., Boulder, Colorado; 7: University of Miami, Miami, Florida; 8: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Issue Info: Jan2017, Vol. 98 Issue 1, p129; Thesaurus Term: Tropopause; Thesaurus Term: Middle atmosphere; Subject Term: Altitudes; Subject Term: Geospatial data ; Company/Entity: United States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00263.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herring, Jamie
AU  - VanDyke, Matthew S.
AU  - Cummins, R. Glenn
AU  - Melton, Forrest
T1  - Communicating Local Climate Risks Online Through an Interactive Data Visualization.
JO  - Environmental Communication
JF  - Environmental Communication
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 105
SN  - 17524032
AB  - Literature suggests a need to develop climate communication tools that focus on the impacts of climate change at local scales to increase proximity and communicate the risks on a more personal level. However, the nature of raw climate projection data makes accessibility by the lay audience a challenge and necessitates the need for innovative technological approaches to its distribution. ClimateData.US was created as an interactive visualization tool based on downscaled climate projection data to increase proximity and render climate change as salient and personally relevant. This experiment evaluated whether interacting with ClimateData.US influenced participants' climate change attitudes and concern and whether this effect varied as a function of geographic proximity. Findings revealed strong effects--regardless of geographic proximity--for interacting with the website on participants' perceived reality of climate change, attitude certainty, and concern for climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Communication is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PUBLIC opinion
KW  - Information visualization
KW  - Data modeling
KW  - Climatology -- Computer network resources
KW  - Climatic changes -- Computer network resources
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Digital technology
KW  - attitudes
KW  - climate change
KW  - ClimateDataUS
KW  - data visualization
KW  - digital tools
KW  - interactivity
N1  - Accession Number: 120517134; Herring, Jamie 1; VanDyke, Matthew S. 2; Email Address: matthewvandyke.research@gmail.com; Cummins, R. Glenn 3; Melton, Forrest 4; Affiliations: 1: HabitatSeven, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; 2: Department of Communication, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA; 3: College of Media and Communication, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA; 4: Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Issue Info: 2017, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p90; Thesaurus Term: PUBLIC opinion; Subject Term: Information visualization; Subject Term: Data modeling; Subject Term: Climatology -- Computer network resources; Subject Term: Climatic changes -- Computer network resources; Subject Term: Climatic changes; Subject Term: Digital technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: attitudes; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: ClimateDataUS; Author-Supplied Keyword: data visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: digital tools; Author-Supplied Keyword: interactivity; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/17524032.2016.1176946
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ufh&AN=120517134&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ufh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pahlevan, Nima
AU  - Sarkar, Sudipta
AU  - Devadiga, Sadashiva
AU  - Lin, Guoqing
AU  - Wolfe, Robert E.
AU  - Roman, Miguel
AU  - Vermote, Eric
AU  - Xiong, Xiaoxiong
T1  - Impact of Spatial Sampling on Continuity of MODIS–VIIRS Land Surface Reflectance Products: A Simulation Approach.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 196
SN  - 01962892
AB  - With the increasing need to construct long-term climate-quality data records to understand, monitor, and predict climate variability and change, it is vital to continue systematic satellite measurements along with the development of new technology for more quantitative and accurate observations. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership mission provides continuity in monitoring the Earth's surface and its atmosphere in a similar fashion as the heritage MODIS instruments onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Terra and Aqua satellites. In this paper, we aim at quantifying the consistency of Aqua MODIS and Suomi-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Reflectance (LSR) and NDVI products as related to their inherent spatial sampling characteristics. To avoid interferences from sources of measurement and/or processing errors other than spatial sampling, including calibration, atmospheric correction, and the effects of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function, the MODIS and VIIRS LSR products were simulated using the Landsat-8's Operational Land Imager (OLI) LSR products. The simulations were performed using the instruments' point spread functions on a daily basis for various OLI scenes over a 16-day orbit cycle. It was found that the daily mean differences due to discrepancies in spatial sampling remain below 0.0015 (1%) in absolute surface reflectance at subgranule scale (i.e., OLI scene size). We also found that the MODIS–VIIRS product intercomparisons appear to be minimally impacted when differences in the corresponding view zenith angles (VZAs) are within the range of -\!\!15^\circ to -35^\circ (\textrmVZAV-\textrmVZAM), where VIIRS and MODIS footprints resemble in size. In general, depending on the spatial heterogeneity of the OLI scene contents, per-grid-cell differences can reach up to 20%. Further spatial analysis of the simulated NDVI and LSR products revealed that, depending on the user accuracy requirements for product intercomparisons, spatial aggregations may be used. It was found that if per-grid-cell differences on the order of 10% (in LSR or NDVI) are tolerated, the product intercomparisons are expected to be immune from differences in spatial sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - CONSISTENCY models (Computers)
KW  - GEOMETRIC modeling
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - LAND surface temperature
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Geography)
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - consistency
KW  - Earth
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - geometry
KW  - land surface
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellites
KW  - spatial resolution
N1  - Accession Number: 120288918; Pahlevan, Nima 1; Sarkar, Sudipta 1; Devadiga, Sadashiva 1; Lin, Guoqing 1; Wolfe, Robert E. 2; Roman, Miguel 2; Vermote, Eric 2; Xiong, Xiaoxiong 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, Lanham, MD, MD, USAUSA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: Jan2017, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p183; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: CONSISTENCY models (Computers); Subject Term: GEOMETRIC modeling; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: LAND surface temperature; Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Geography); Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: consistency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: geometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial resolution; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2604214
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=120288918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hands, Alex
AU  - Lei, Fan
AU  - Ryden, Keith
AU  - Dyer, Clive
AU  - Underwood, Craig
AU  - Mertens, Chris
T1  - New Data and Modelling for Single Event Effects in the Stratospheric Radiation Environment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 64
IS  - 1, part 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 595
SN  - 00189499
AB  - The upper atmosphere is a transition region between the neutron-dominated aviation environment and satellite environment where primary protons and ions dominate. We report high altitude balloon measurements and model results characterising this radiation environment for single event effects (SEE) in avionics. Our data, from the RaySure solid-state radiation monitor, reveal markedly different altitude profiles for low linear energy transfer (LET) and high LET energy depositions. We use models to show that the difference is caused by the influence of primary cosmic ray particles, which induce counts in RaySure via both direct and indirect ionization. Using the new Model of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation Effects (MAIRE), we use particle fluxes and LET spectra to calculate single event upset (SEU) rates as a function of altitude from ground level to the edge of space at 100 km altitude. The results have implications for a variety of applications including high altitude space tourism flights, UAVs and missions to the Martian surface. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Atmospheric modeling
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - High altitude radiation environment
KW  - Ions
KW  - Neutrons
KW  - Protons
KW  - single event effects
KW  - stratosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 121745530; Hands, Alex 1; Lei, Fan 2; Ryden, Keith 1; Dyer, Clive 3; Underwood, Craig 1; Mertens, Chris 4; Affiliations: 1: Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K.; 2: RadMod Research, Surrey, U.K.; 3: Surrey Space Centre and CSDRadConsultancy, Surrey, U.K.; 4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Issue Info: Jan2017, Vol. 64 Issue 1, part 1, p587; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: High altitude radiation environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protons; Author-Supplied Keyword: single event effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratosphere; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2016.2612000
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=121745530&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Wang, Hailan
AU  - Liang, Lusheng
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
T1  - Surface energy budget changes over Central Australia during the early 21st century drought.
JO  - International Journal of Climatology
JF  - International Journal of Climatology
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
EP  - 168
SN  - 08998418
AB  - ABSTRACT Satellite observations are used to investigate surface energy budget variability over central Australia during the early 21st century drought. Over a large expanse of open shrubland and savanna, surface albedo exhibits a multiyear increase of 0.06 during the drought followed by a sharp decline of 0.08 after heavy rainfall in 2010 broke the drought. The surface albedo variations are associated with increased normalized difference vegetation index ( NDVI) during wet years before and after the drought and decreased NDVI during drought years. During the worst drought years (2002-2009), the surface albedo increase is most pronounced in the shortwave infrared region (wavelengths between 1 and 3 µm), implying soil moisture content variability is the likely cause of the albedo changes. At interannual timescales, surface albedo variability is associated with near-surface soil moisture, controlled by episodic precipitation events, whereas the multiyear increase in surface albedo is more closely linked with decreases in soil moisture in deeper surface layers. In addition to a higher surface albedo and lower soil moisture content during the drought, the observations show less evaporation, enhanced reflected shortwave radiation, increased upward emission of thermal infrared radiation, lower downwelling longwave ( LW) radiation, reduced net total downward radiation, and higher sensible heating compared with the rainy period following the drought. Upward emission of thermal infrared radiation decreases sharply after the drought with increased surface evaporation. However, the surface energy budget changes during the worst drought years show a stronger relationship between upward emission of thermal radiation and reflected shortwave flux. During this period, evaporative fraction is extremely low and surface albedo is steadily increasing. In such extreme conditions, the surface albedo appears to modulate surface upward LW radiation, preventing it from getting too high. The change in upward LW radiation thus represents a negative feedback as it offsets further decreases in surface net radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Climatology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Energy budget (Geophysics)
KW  - Droughts
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Precipitation variability
KW  - Latent heat
KW  - albedo
KW  - drought
KW  - energy budget
KW  - latent heat
KW  - precipitation
KW  - radiation
KW  - sensible heat
N1  - Accession Number: 120506023; Loeb, Norman G. 1; Wang, Hailan 2; Liang, Lusheng 2; Kato, Seiji 1; Rose, Fred G. 2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Langley Research Center; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Issue Info: Jan2017, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p159; Thesaurus Term: Energy budget (Geophysics); Thesaurus Term: Droughts; Thesaurus Term: Radiation; Thesaurus Term: Albedo; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation variability; Subject Term: Latent heat; Author-Supplied Keyword: albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: latent heat; Author-Supplied Keyword: precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensible heat; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/joc.4694
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120506023&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WestIV, Thomas K.
AU  - Reuter, Bryan W.
AU  - Walker, Eric L.
AU  - Kleb, Bil
AU  - Park, Michael A.
T1  - Uncertainty Quantification and Certification Prediction of Low-Boom Supersonic Aircraft Configurations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2017/01//
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 53
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The primary objective of this work was to develop and demonstrate a process for accurate and efficient uncertainty quantification and certification prediction of low-boom, supersonic, transport aircraft. High-fidelity computational-fluid-dynamics models of multiple low-boom configurations were investigated, including the Lockheed Martin SEEB-ALR body of revolution, the NASA 69 deg delta wing, and the Lockheed Martin 1021-01 configuration. A nonintrusive polynomial chaos surrogate approach was used for reduced computational cost of propagating mixed inherent (aleatory) and epistemic uncertainty through both the computational-fluid-dynamics model and the near-field to ground-level boom propagation model. A methodology has also been introduced to quantify the plausibility of a design to pass a certification under uncertainty. Results of this study include the analysis of each of the three configurations of interest under inviscid and fully turbulent flow assumptions. A comparison of the uncertainty outputs and sensitivity analyses between the configurations is also given. The results of this study illustrate the flexibility and robustness of the developed framework as a tool for uncertainty quantification and certification prediction of low-boom, supersonic aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121703090; Source Information: Jan2017, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p40; Number of Pages: 14p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033907
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=121703090&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castner, Raymond
AU  - Zaman, Khairul
AU  - Fagan, Amy
AU  - Heath, Christopher
T1  - Wedge Shock and Nozzle Exhaust Plume Interaction in a Supersonic Jet Flow.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
J1  - Journal of Aircraft
PY  - 2017/01//
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 134
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Fundamental research for sonic boom reduction is needed to quantify the interaction of shock waves generated from the aircraft wing or tail surfaces with a nozzle exhaust plume. Aftbody shock waves that interact with the exhaust plume contribute to the near-field pressure signature of a vehicle. The plume and shock interaction is studied using computational fluid dynamics and compared with experimental data from a coaxial convergent-divergent nozzle flow in an open jet facility. A simple diamond-shaped wedge is used to generate the shock in the outer flow to study its impact on the inner jet flow. Results show that the compression from the wedge deflects both the nozzle plume and the shocks on the opposite side of the plume. The sonic boom pressure signature of the nozzle exhaust plume is modified by the presence of the wedge. Both the experimental results and computational predictions show changes in plume deflection and location of the shock from the wedge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121703098; Source Information: Jan2017, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p125; Number of Pages: 10p; ; Document Type: Article; 
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033623
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mth&AN=121703098&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mth
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bennett, Gareth J.
AU  - Stephens, David B.
AU  - Rodriguez Verdugo, Francisco
T1  - Resonant mode characterisation of a cylindrical Helmholtz cavity excited by a shear layer.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 141
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 18
SN  - 00014966
AB  - This paper investigates the interaction between the shear-layer over a circular cavity with a relatively small opening and the flow-excited acoustic response of the volume within to shear-layer instability modes. Within the fluid-resonant category of cavity oscillation, most research has been conducted on rectangular geometries: generally restricted to longitudinal standing waves, or when cylindrical: to Helmholtz resonance. In practical situations, however, where the cavity is subject to a range of flow speeds, many different resonant mode types may be excited. The current work presents a cylindrical cavity design where Helmholtz oscillation, longitudinal resonance, and azimuthal acoustic modes may all be excited upon varying the flow speed. Experiments performed show how lock-on between each of the three fluid-resonances and shear-layer instability modes can be generated. A circumferential array of microphones flush-mounted with the internal surface of the cavity wall was used to decompose the acoustic pressure field into acoustic modes and has verified the excitation of higher order azimuthal modes by the shear-layer. For azimuthal modes especially, the location of the cavity opening affects the pressure response. A numerical solution is validated and provides additional insight and will be applied to more complex aeronautical and automotive geometries in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELMHOLTZ equation
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences)
KW  - AZIMUTH
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SOUND waves
N1  - Accession Number: 121065043; Bennett, Gareth J. 1; Email Address: gareth.bennett@tcd.ie; Stephens, David B. 1,2; Rodriguez Verdugo, Francisco 3,4; Affiliations: 1 : Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.; 2 : NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44070, USA.; 3 : Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica Industriale, Universita degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.; 4 : Loccioni Via Fiume 16, 60030 Angeli di Rosora, Ancona, Italy.;  Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 141 Issue 1, p7; Subject Term: HELMHOLTZ equation; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences); Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 8 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.4973212
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mah&AN=121065043&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - mah
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sorek-Hamer, Meytar
AU  - Broday, David M.
AU  - Chatfield, Robert
AU  - Esswein, Robert
AU  - Stafoggia, Massimo
AU  - Lepeule, Johanna
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Kloog, Itai
T1  - Monthly analysis of PM ratio characteristics and its relation to AOD.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 67
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 38
SN  - 10962247
AB  - Airborne particulate matter (PM) is derived from diverse sources--natural and anthropogenic. Climate change processes and remote sensing measurements are affected by the PM properties, which are often lumped into homogeneous size fractions that show spatiotemporal variation. Since different sources are attributed to different geographic locations and show specific spatial and temporal PM patterns, we explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of the PM2.5/PM10 ratio in different areas. Furthermore, we examined the statistical relationships between AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) products, satellite-based AOD, and the PM ratio, as well as the specific PM size fractions. PM data from the northeastern United States, from San Joaquin Valley, CA, and from Italy, Israel, and France were analyzed, as well as the spatial and temporal co-measured AOD products obtained from the MultiAngle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm. Our results suggest that when both the AERONET AOD and the AERONET fine-mode AOD are available, the AERONET AOD ratio can be a fair proxy for the ground PM ratio. Therefore, we recommend incorporating the finemode AERONET AOD in the calibration of MAIAC. Along with a relatively large variation in the observed PM ratio (especially in the northeastern United States), this shows the need to revisit MAIAC assumptions on aerosol microphysical properties, and perhaps their seasonal variability, which are used to generate the look-up tables and conduct aerosol retrievals. Our results call for further scrutiny of satellite-borne AOD, in particular its errors, limitations, and relation to the vertical aerosol profile and the particle size, shape, and composition distribution. This work is one step of the required analyses to gain better understanding of what the satellite-based AOD represents. Implications: The analysis results recommend incorporating the fine-mode AERONET AOD in MAIAC calibration. Specifically, they indicate the need to revisit MAIAC regional aerosol microphysical model assumptions used to generate look-up tables (LUTs) and conduct retrievals. Furthermore, relatively large variations in measured PM ratio shows that adding seasonality in aerosol microphysics used in LUTs, which is currently static, could also help improve accuracy of MAIAC retrievals. These results call for further scrutiny of satellite-borne AOD for better understanding of its limitations and relation to the vertical aerosol profile and particle size, shape, and composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Climatic changes
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Spatiotemporal processes
N1  - Accession Number: 120430793; Sorek-Hamer, Meytar 1,2; Email Address: meytar@tx.technion.ac.il; Broday, David M. 1; Chatfield, Robert 3; Esswein, Robert 3; Stafoggia, Massimo 4; Lepeule, Johanna 5; Lyapustin, Alexei 6; Kloog, Itai 2; Affiliations: 1: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion Israel Institute, Haifa, Israel; 2: Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 4: Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, Rome, Italy; 5: INSERM and Université Grenoble-Alpes, IAB (U1209), Team of Environmental Epidemiology, Grenoble, France; 6: NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Issue Info: Jan2017, Vol. 67 Issue 1, p27; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Climatic changes; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric aerosols; Thesaurus Term: Particle size distribution; Subject Term: Spatiotemporal processes; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10962247.2016.1208121
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120430793&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 120829894
T1  - Oculometric Assessment of Sensorimotor Impairment Associated with TBI.
AU  - Liston, Dorion B.
AU  - Wong, Lily R.
AU  - Stone, Leland S.
Y1  - 2017/01//
N1  - Accession Number: 120829894. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170123. Publication Type: Article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 8904931. 
SP  - 51
EP  - 59
JO  - Optometry & Vision Science
JF  - Optometry & Vision Science
JA  - OPTOM VISION SCI
VL  - 94
IS  - 1
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
SN  - 1040-5488
AD  - NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California.
AD  - San Jose State University, San Jose, California.
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=rzh&AN=120829894&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilhelm, Mary Beth
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.
AU  - Parenteau, Mary N.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Liu, Xiao-Lei
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
AU  - Wray, James J.
AU  - Stamos, Brian N.
AU  - O’Reilly, Shane S.
AU  - Williams, Amy
T1  - Xeropreservation of functionalized lipid biomarkers in hyperarid soils in the Atacama Desert.
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 104
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Our understanding of long-term organic matter preservation comes mostly from studies in aquatic systems. In contrast, taphonomic processes in extremely dry environments are relatively understudied and are poorly understood. We investigated the accumulation and preservation of lipid biomarkers in hyperarid soils in the Yungay region of the Atacama Desert. Lipids from seven soil horizons in a 2.5 m vertical profile were extracted and analyzed using GC–MS and LC–MS. Diagnostic functionalized lipids and geolipids were detected and increased in abundance and diversity with depth. Deeper clay units contain fossil organic matter (radiocarbon dead) that has been protected from rainwater since the onset of hyperaridity. We show that these clay units contain lipids in an excellent state of structural preservation with functional groups and unsaturated bonds in carbon chains. This indicates that minimal degradation of lipids has occurred in these soils since the time of their deposition between > 40,000 and 2 million years ago. The exceptional structural preservation of biomarkers is likely due to the long-term hyperaridity that has minimized microbial and enzymatic activity, a taphonomic process we term xeropreservation (i.e., preservation by drying). The degree of biomarker preservation allowed us to reconstruct major changes in ecology in the Yungay region that reflect a shift in hydrological regime from wet to dry since the early Quaternary. Our results suggest that hyperarid environments, which comprise 7.5% of the continental landmass, could represent a rich and relatively unexplored source of paleobiological information on Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Plant growing media
KW  - Agricultural resources
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Soil horizons
KW  - Atacama Desert (Chile)
KW  - Atacama
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - Desert
KW  - FAME
KW  - Hyperarid
KW  - Lipid
KW  - Mars
KW  - Preservation
N1  - Accession Number: 120146863; Wilhelm, Mary Beth 1,2; Email Address: marybeth.wilhelm@nasa.gov; Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3; Eigenbrode, Jennifer L. 4; Parenteau, Mary N. 2; Email Address: mary.n.parenteau@nasa.gov; Jahnke, Linda L. 2; Email Address: linda.l.jahnke@nasa.gov; Liu, Xiao-Lei 5; Summons, Roger E. 5; Wray, James J. 1; Email Address: jwray@eas.gatech.edu; Stamos, Brian N. 6; O’Reilly, Shane S. 5; Williams, Amy 7; Affiliations: 1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; 2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; 3: SETI Institute, 189 N Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 4: Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; 5: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA; 6: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA; 7: Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, USA; Issue Info: Jan2017, Vol. 103, p97; Thesaurus Term: Plant growing media; Thesaurus Term: Agricultural resources; Thesaurus Term: Organic compounds; Thesaurus Term: Soil horizons; Subject: Atacama Desert (Chile); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomarker; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: FAME; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperarid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lipid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preservation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.10.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120146863&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Discussion of “Optimizing in a complex world: A statistician's role in decision making”.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2017/01//Jan-Mar2017
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
EP  - 50
SN  - 08982112
AB  - The author comments on the study “Optimizing in a complex world: A statistician's role in decision making" conducted by Anderson-Cook which inspires statisticians to participate in more prominent, influential decision-making roles in their organizations. Topics discussed include understanding the stakeholders and organizational context, theory on human behavior, and description of the Define phase.
KW  - STATISTICIANS
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - STAKEHOLDERS
KW  - HUMAN behavior
N1  - Accession Number: 120212161; Parker, Peter A. 1; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; Issue Info: Jan-Mar2017, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p48; Thesaurus Term: STATISTICIANS; Thesaurus Term: STATISTICS; Thesaurus Term: DECISION making; Thesaurus Term: STAKEHOLDERS; Subject Term: HUMAN behavior; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2016.1217130
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=buh&AN=120212161&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
ID  - 120803436
T1  - A Time-Out Checklist for Pediatric Regional Anesthetics.
AU  - Clebone, Anna
AU  - Burian, Barbara K.
AU  - Polaner, David M.
Y1  - 2017/01//Jan/Feb2017
N1  - Accession Number: 120803436. Language: English. Entry Date: In Process. Revision Date: 20170120. Publication Type: journal article. Journal Subset: Biomedical; Peer Reviewed; USA. NLM UID: 9804508. 
SP  - 105
EP  - 108
JO  - Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine
JF  - Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine
JA  - REGIONAL ANESTH PAIN MED
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
CY  - Baltimore, Maryland
PB  - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
AB  - Background and Objectives: Although pediatric regional anesthesia has a demonstrated record of safety, adverse events, especially those related to block performance issues, still may occur. To reduce the frequency of those events, we developed a Regional Anesthesia Time-Out Checklist using expert opinion and the Delphi method.Methods: A content development and review was performed by the authors and the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Quality and Safety Committee. The expert panel was composed of 12 pediatric anesthesiologists, who achieved consensus after 2 rounds of a modified Delphi method. Finally, an author who is an expert in checklist design (B.B.) provided guidance on the formatting and layout of the checklist items to ensure clarity and ease of use. The resulting checklist was trialed in a small pilot study to solicit feedback in a real-life setting.Results: Sixteen items were included in the checklist sent to the expert panel for the first round of Delphi. Items that had an average rating of 3 or more, with fewer than 3 negative comments, were retained (n = 15). Feedback led to combining several items and dividing the checklist into 2 sections based on the following temporal implementation criteria: "preoperatively" or "immediately before procedure." All remaining 12 checklist items received a positive response from more than 50% of expert panel members and therefore were retained after the second and final round of Delphi. No significant alterations were suggested in the pilot trial.Conclusions: The Delphi method and human factors principles enabled the creation of a Regional Anesthesia Time-Out Checklist based on published and experiential knowledge of adverse events. Usability of the checklist was supported through the results of a pilot study.
SN  - 1098-7339
AD  - Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
AD  - Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School ofMedicine, Aurora, CO
U2  - PMID: 27831957.
DO  - 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000509
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - rzh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sehlke, Alexander
AU  - Whittington, Alan G.
T1  - Corrigendum to “The viscosity of planetary tholeiitic melts: A configurational entropy model” [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 191 (2016) 277–299].
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2017/01/15/
VL  - 197
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 474
EP  - 475
SN  - 00167037
KW  - Viscosity
KW  - Tholeiite
KW  - Geological modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 120409079; Sehlke, Alexander 1,2; Whittington, Alan G. 1,2; Affiliations: 1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; 2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Issue Info: Jan2017, Vol. 197, p474; Thesaurus Term: Viscosity; Subject Term: Tholeiite; Subject Term: Geological modeling; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.041
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120409079&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khaykin, Sergey M.
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
AU  - Keckhut, Philippe
AU  - Hauchecorne, Alain
AU  - Jumelet, Julien
AU  - Vernier, Jean-Paul
AU  - Bourassa, Adam
AU  - Degenstein, Doug A.
AU  - Rieger, Landon A.
AU  - Bingen, Christine
AU  - Vanhellemont, Filip
AU  - Robert, Charles
AU  - DeLand, Matthew
AU  - Bhartia, Pawan K.
T1  - Variability and evolution of the midlatitude stratospheric aerosol budget from 22 years of ground-based lidar and satellite observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1829
EP  - 1845
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The article presents new high-quality continuous stratospheric aerosol observations spanning 1994-2015 at the French Observatoire de Haute-Provence (OHP, 44° N, 6° E) obtained by two independent, regularly maintained lidar systems operating within the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Lidar series are compared with global-coverage observations by Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II), Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS), Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite (OMPS) satellite instruments, altogether covering the time span of OHP lidar measurements. Local OHP and zonal-mean satellite series of stratospheric aerosol optical depth are in excellent agreement, allowing for accurate characterization of stratospheric aerosol evolution and variability at northern midlatitudes during the last 2 decades. The combination of local and global observations is used for a careful separation between volcanically perturbed and quiescent periods. While the volcanic signatures dominate the stratospheric aerosol record, the background aerosol abundance is found to be modulated remotely by the poleward transport of convectively cleansed air from the deep tropics and aerosol-laden air from the Asian monsoon region. The annual cycle of background aerosol at midlatitudes, featuring a minimum during late spring and a maximum during late summer, correlates with that of water vapor from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). Observations covering two volcanically quiescent periods over the last 2 decades provide an indication of a growth in the nonvolcanic component of stratospheric aerosol. A statistically significant factor of 2 increase in nonvolcanic aerosol since 1998, seasonally restricted to late summer and fall, is associated with the influence of the Asian monsoon and growing pollution therein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Infrared imaging
KW  - Stratospheric aerosols
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - Monsoons -- Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 121386348; Khaykin, Sergey M. 1; Email Address: sergey.khaykin@latmos.ipsl.fr; Godin-Beekmann, Sophie 1; Keckhut, Philippe 1; Hauchecorne, Alain 1; Jumelet, Julien 1; Vernier, Jean-Paul 2,3; Bourassa, Adam 4; Degenstein, Doug A. 4; Rieger, Landon A. 4; Bingen, Christine 5; Vanhellemont, Filip 5; Robert, Charles 5; DeLand, Matthew 6; Bhartia, Pawan K. 7; Affiliations: 1: LATMOS/IPSL, UVSQ Université Paris-Saclay, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Guyancourt, France; 2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; 3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; 4: Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; 5: Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium; 6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, USA; 7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Issue Info: 2017, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p1829; Thesaurus Term: Infrared imaging; Subject Term: Stratospheric aerosols; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: Atmospheric composition; Subject Term: Monsoons -- Asia; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 7 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-17-1829-2017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rutherford, Blake
AU  - Dunkerton, Timothy
AU  - Montgomery, Michael
AU  - Braun, Scott
T1  - The genesis of Hurricane Nate and its interaction with a nearby environment of very dry air.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions
Y1  - 2017/02//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
SN  - 16807367
AB  - The interaction of a tropical disturbance with its environment is thought to play an important role in whether a disturbance will develop of not. Most developing disturbances are somewhat protected from the intrusion of environmental dry air at mid-levels. For African easterly wave (AEW) disturbances, the protective boundary is approximated by closed streamlines in the wave-relative frame, and their interior is called the wave-pouch. The dynamic and thermodynamic processes of spin-up occur inside the pouch. In this study we define the kinematic boundaries for a non-AEW disturbance in the Bay of Campeche that originated along a sharp frontal boundary in a confluent region of low pressure. We examine these boundaries during the genesis of Hurricane Nate (2011) to show how a layer-wise pouch boundary in the Lagrangian frame may allow for some transport into the pouch along the frontal boundary while still protecting the innermost development region. This result illustrates a generic property of weakly unsteady flows, including the time-dependent critical-layer of AEWs, that lateral exchange of air occurs along a segment of the boundary formed by the instantaneous, closed translating streamlines. Transport in the Lagrangian frame is simplest when measured with respect to the stable and unstable manifolds of a hyperbolic trajectory, which are topologically invariant. In this framework, an exact analysis of vorticity transport identifies two sources; i) the advection of vorticity through the entrainment and expulsion of bounded material regions called lobes, and ii) the baroclinic contribution of vorticity transport through the <q>tilting</q> mechanism across the Lagrangian boundary. We also show how these Lagrangian boundaries impact the concentration of moisture, influence convection, and contribute to the pouch vertical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Hurricanes
KW  - Environmental impact analysis
KW  - Vortex motion
KW  - Boundary value problems
KW  - Kinematics
N1  - Accession Number: 121522450; Rutherford, Blake 1; Email Address: blake@nwra.com; Dunkerton, Timothy 1; Email Address: tim@nwra.com; Montgomery, Michael 2; Email Address: mtmontgo@nps.edu; Braun, Scott 3; Email Address: scott.a.braun@nasa.gov; Affiliations: 1: Northwest Research Associates, Redmond, WA; 2: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California; 3: NASA; Issue Info: 2017, p1; Thesaurus Term: Hurricanes; Thesaurus Term: Environmental impact analysis; Thesaurus Term: Vortex motion; Subject Term: Boundary value problems; Subject Term: Kinematics; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-2016-1028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jeong, Ukkyo
AU  - Kim, Jhoon
AU  - Lee, Hanlim
AU  - Lee, Yun Gon
T1  - Assessing the effect of long-range pollutant transportation on air quality in Seoul using the conditional potential source contribution function method.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 150
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 44
SN  - 13522310
AB  - It is important to estimate the effects of the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants for efficient and effective strategies to control air quality. In this study, the contributions of trans-boundary transport to the mean concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and PM 10 in Seoul, Korea from 2001 to 2014 were estimated based on the conditional potential source contribution function (CPSCF) method. Eastern China was found to be the major source of trans-boundary pollution in Seoul, but moderate sources were also located in northeastern China. The contribution of long-range transport from Japan was negligible. The spatial distributions of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) values of each pollutant showed reasonable consistency with their emission inventory and satellite products. The PSCF values of SO 2 and PM 10 from eastern China were higher than those of NO 2 and CO. The mean concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and PM 10 in Seoul for the period from 2001 to 2014 were 5.34, 37.0, and 619.1 ppb, and 57.4 4 μg/m 3 , respectively. The contributions of long-range transport to the mean concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and PM 10 in Seoul were 0.74, 3.4, and 39.0 ppb, and 12.1 μg/m 3 , respectively, which are 14%, 9%, 6%, and 21% of the mean concentrations, respectively. The annual mean concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 followed statistically significant increasing linear trends (0.5 and 1.6 ppb per decade, respectively), whereas the trends in the annual mean concentrations of CO and PM 10 were statistically insignificant. The trends in the ratio of the increased concentrations associated with long-range transport to the annual mean concentrations of the pollutants were statistically insignificant. However, the results indicate that the trans-boundary transport of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and PM 10 from eastern China consistently affected air quality in Seoul over the study period (2001–2014). Regionally, the effects of the long-range transport of pollutants from Beijing and Harbin-Changchun on air quality in Seoul have become more significant over this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric sulfur dioxide
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Air pollutants
KW  - Seoul (Korea) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - CO
KW  - Long-range transport
KW  - NO 2
KW  - PM 10
KW  - Potential source contribution function
KW  - SO 2
N1  - Accession Number: 120225350; Jeong, Ukkyo 1,2; Kim, Jhoon 3,4; Email Address: jkim2@yonsei.ac.kr; Lee, Hanlim 5; Lee, Yun Gon 6; Affiliations: 1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; 2: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; 3: Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; 4: On Sabbatical Leave at Harvard Smithonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA; 5: Dept. of Spatial Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea; 6: Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Issue Info: Feb2017, Vol. 150, p33; Thesaurus Term: RESEARCH; Thesaurus Term: Air quality; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric carbon dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric nitrogen dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric sulfur dioxide; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Subject Term: Air pollutants; Subject Term: Seoul (Korea) -- Environmental conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-range transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO 2; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM 10; Author-Supplied Keyword: Potential source contribution function; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO 2; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=120225350&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stafoggia, Massimo
AU  - Schwartz, Joel
AU  - Badaloni, Chiara
AU  - Bellander, Tom
AU  - Alessandrini, Ester
AU  - Cattani, Giorgio
AU  - de' Donato, Francesca
AU  - Gaeta, Alessandra
AU  - Leone, Gianluca
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Sorek-Hamer, Meytar
AU  - de Hoogh, Kees
AU  - Di, Qian
AU  - Forastiere, Francesco
AU  - Kloog, Itai
T1  - Estimation of daily PM10 concentrations in Italy (2006–2012) using finely resolved satellite data, land use variables and meteorology.
JO  - Environment International
JF  - Environment International
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 99
M3  - Article
SP  - 234
EP  - 244
SN  - 01604120
AB  - Health effects of air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), have been widely investigated. However, most of the studies rely on few monitors located in urban areas for short-term assessments, or land use/dispersion modelling for long-term evaluations, again mostly in cities. Recently, the availability of finely resolved satellite data provides an opportunity to estimate daily concentrations of air pollutants over wide spatio-temporal domains. Italy lacks a robust and validated high resolution spatio-temporally resolved model of particulate matter. The complex topography and the air mixture from both natural and anthropogenic sources are great challenges difficult to be addressed. We combined finely resolved data on Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm, ground-level PM 10 measurements, land-use variables and meteorological parameters into a four-stage mixed model framework to derive estimates of daily PM 10 concentrations at 1-km2 grid over Italy, for the years 2006–2012. We checked performance of our models by applying 10-fold cross-validation (CV) for each year. Our models displayed good fitting, with mean CV-R2 = 0.65 and little bias (average slope of predicted VS observed PM 10 = 0.99). Out-of-sample predictions were more accurate in Northern Italy (Po valley) and large conurbations (e.g. Rome), for background monitoring stations, and in the winter season. Resulting concentration maps showed highest average PM 10 levels in specific areas (Po river valley, main industrial and metropolitan areas) with decreasing trends over time. Our daily predictions of PM 10 concentrations across the whole Italy will allow, for the first time, estimation of long-term and short-term effects of air pollution nationwide, even in areas lacking monitoring data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environment International is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Environmental health
KW  - Environmental risk
KW  - Mixtures
KW  - Aerosol Optical Depth
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Exposure assessment
KW  - Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 121006026; Stafoggia, Massimo 1,2; Email Address: m.stafoggia@deplazio.it; Schwartz, Joel 3; Badaloni, Chiara 1; Bellander, Tom 2,4; Alessandrini, Ester 1; Cattani, Giorgio 5; de' Donato, Francesca 1; Gaeta, Alessandra 5; Leone, Gianluca 5; Lyapustin, Alexei 6; Sorek-Hamer, Meytar 7,8; de Hoogh, Kees 9,10; Di, Qian 3; Forastiere, Francesco 1; Kloog, Itai 8; Affiliations: 1: Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy; 2: Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; 3: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA; 4: Stockholm County Council, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden; 5: Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy; 6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA; 7: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel; 8: Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; 9: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; 10: University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Issue Info: Feb2017, Vol. 99, p234; Thesaurus Term: Particulate matter; Thesaurus Term: Air pollution; Thesaurus Term: Environmental health; Thesaurus Term: Environmental risk; Subject Term: Mixtures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol Optical Depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exposure assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=121006026&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goordial, Jacqueline
AU  - Davila, Alfonso
AU  - Greer, Charles W.
AU  - Cannam, Rebecca
AU  - DiRuggiero, Jocelyne
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Whyte, Lyle G.
T1  - Comparative activity and functional ecology of permafrost soils and lithic niches in a hyper-arid polar desert.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 458
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Permafrost in the high elevation McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica ranks among the driest and coldest on Earth. Permafrost soils appear to be largely inhospitable to active microbial life, but sandstone lithic microhabitats contain a trophically simple but functional cryptoendolithic community. We used metagenomic sequencing and activity assays to examine the functional capacity of permafrost soils and cryptoendolithic communities in University Valley, one of the most extreme regions in the Dry Valleys. We found metagenomic evidence that cryptoendolithic microorganisms are adapted to the harsh environment and capable of metabolic activity at in situ temperatures, possessing a suite of stress response and nutrient cycling genes to fix carbon under the fluctuating conditions that the sandstone rock would experience during the summer months. We additionally identified genes involved in microbial competition and cooperation within the cryptoendolithic habitat. In contrast, permafrost soils have a lower richness of stress response genes, and instead the metagenome is enriched in genes involved with dormancy and sporulation. The permafrost soils also have a large presence of phage genes and genes involved in the recycling of cellular material. Our results underlie two different habitability conditions under extreme cold and dryness: the permafrost soil which is enriched in traits which emphasize survival and dormancy, rather than growth and activity; and the cryptoendolithic environment that selects for organisms capable of growth under extremely oligotrophic, arid and cold conditions. This study represents the first metagenomic interrogation of Antarctic permafrost and polar cryptoendolithic microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Niche (Ecology)
KW  - Quarries & quarrying
KW  - Desert ecology
KW  - Comparative studies
KW  - Permafrost ecosystems
N1  - Accession Number: 121388475; Goordial, Jacqueline 1; Davila, Alfonso 2; Greer, Charles W. 3; Cannam, Rebecca 1; DiRuggiero, Jocelyne 4; McKay, Christopher P. 2; Whyte, Lyle G. 1; Affiliations: 1: McGill University Macdonald Campus; 2: NASA Ames Research Center; 3: National Research Council Canada; 4: John Hopkins University; Issue Info: Feb2017, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p443; Thesaurus Term: Niche (Ecology); Thesaurus Term: Quarries & quarrying; Thesaurus Term: Desert ecology; Thesaurus Term: Comparative studies; Subject Term: Permafrost ecosystems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1462-2920.13353
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=121388475&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCabe, Matthew F.
AU  - Rodell, Matthew
AU  - Alsdorf, Douglas E.
AU  - Miralles, Diego G.
AU  - Uijlenhoet, Remko
AU  - Wolfgang Wagner
AU  - Lucieer, Arko
AU  - Houborg, Rasmus
AU  - Verhoest, Niko E. C.
AU  - Franz, Trenton E.
AU  - Jiancheng Shi
AU  - Gao, Huilin
AU  - Wood, Eric F.
T1  - The Future of Earth Observation in Hydrology.
JO  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions
JF  - Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions
Y1  - 2017/02//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 55
SN  - 18122108
AB  - In just the past five years, the field of Earth observation has evolved from the relatively staid approaches of government space agencies into a plethora of sensing opportunities afforded by CubeSats, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), and smartphone technologies that have been embraced by both for-profit companies and individual researchers. Over the previous decades, space agency efforts have brought forth well-known and immensely useful satellites such as the Landsat series and the Gravity 5 Research and Climate Experiment (GRACE) system, with costs typically on the order of one billion dollars per satellite and with concept-to-launch timelines on the order of two decades (for new missions). More recently, the proliferation of smartphones has helped to miniaturise sensors and energy requirements, facilitating advances in the use of CubeSats that can be launched by the dozens, while providing 3-5 m resolution sensing of the Earth on a daily basis. Start-up companies that did not exist five years ago now operate more satellites in orbit than any space agency and at costs that are a mere fraction of an 10 agency mission. With these advances come new space-borne measurements, such as high-definition video for understanding real-time cloud formation, storm development, flood propagation, precipitation tracking, or for constructing digital surfaces using structure-from-motion techniques. Closer to the surface, measurements from small unmanned drones and tethered balloons have mapped snow depths, floods, and estimated evaporation at sub-meter resolution, pushing back on spatiotemporal constraints and delivering new process insights. At ground level, precipitation has been measured using signal 15 attenuation between antennae mounted on cell phone towers, while the proliferation of mobile devices has enabled citizenscience to record photos of environmental conditions, estimate daily average temperatures from battery state, and enable the measurement of other hydrologically important variables such as channel depths using commercially available wireless devices. Global internet access is being pursued via high altitude balloons, solar planes, and hundreds of planned satellite launches, providing a means to exploit the Internet of Things as a new measurement domain. Such global access will enable 20 real-time collection of data from billions of smartphones or from remote research platforms. This future will produce petabytes of data that can only be accessed via cloud storage and will require new analytical approaches to interpret. The extent to which today's hydrologic models can usefully ingest such massive data volumes is not clear. Nor is it clear whether this deluge of data will be usefully exploited, either because the measurements are superfluous, inconsistent, not accurate enough, or simply because we lack the capacity to process and analyse them. What is apparent is that the tools and techniques afforded by this 25 array of novel and game-changing sensing platforms presents our community with a unique opportunity to develop new insights that advance fundamental aspects of the hydrological sciences. To accomplish this will require more than just an application of the technology: in some cases, it will demand a radical rethink on how we utilise and exploit these new observation platforms to enhance our understanding of the Earth system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Precipitation (Meteorology)
KW  - Channels (Hydraulic engineering)
KW  - Drone aircraft
KW  - Smartphones
KW  - Government agencies
KW  - New business enterprises
N1  - Accession Number: 121522575; McCabe, Matthew F. 1; Email Address: matthew.mccabe@kaust.edu.sa; Rodell, Matthew 2; Email Address: matthew.rodell@nasa.gov; Alsdorf, Douglas E. 3; Email Address: alsdorf.1@osu.edu; Miralles, Diego G. 4; Email Address: diego.miralles@ugent.be; Uijlenhoet, Remko 5; Email Address: remko.uijlenhoet@wur.nl; Wolfgang Wagner 6,7; Email Address: wolfgang.wagner@geo.tuwien.ac.at; Lucieer, Arko 8; Email Address: arko.lucieer@utas.edu.au; Houborg, Rasmus 1; Email Address: Rasmus.Houborg@kaust.edu.sa; Verhoest, Niko E. C. 4; Email Address: niko.verhoest@ugent.be; Franz, Trenton E. 9; Email Address: tfranz2@unl.edu; Jiancheng Shi 10; Email Address: shijc@radi.ac.cn; Gao, Huilin 11; Email Address: hgao@civil.tamu.edu; Wood, Eric F. 12; Email Address: efwood@princeton.edu; Affiliations: 1: Water Desalination and Reuse Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; 2: Hydrological Science Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Greenbelt, Maryland, United States; 3: Byrd Polar and Climate Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; 4: Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Management, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; 5: Hydrology and Quantitative Water Management Group, Wageningen University, the Netherlands; 6: Department of Geodesy and Geoinformation, Technische Universität Wien, Austria; 7: Center for Water Resource Systems, Technische Universität Wien, Austria; 8: School of Land and Food, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; 9: School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA; 10: State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China; 11: Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; 12: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA; Issue Info: 2017, p1; Thesaurus Term: Precipitation (Meteorology); Subject Term: Channels (Hydraulic engineering); Subject Term: Drone aircraft; Subject Term: Smartphones; Subject Term: Government agencies; Subject Term: New business enterprises; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; Number of Pages: 55p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/hess-2017-54
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Graydon, Patrick J.
AU  - Holloway, C. Michael
T1  - An investigation of proposed techniques for quantifying confidence in assurance arguments.
JO  - Safety Science
JF  - Safety Science
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 92
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 65
SN  - 09257535
AB  - The use of safety cases in certification raises the question of assurance argument sufficiency and the issue of confidence (or uncertainty) in the argument’s claims. Some researchers propose to model confidence quantitatively and to calculate confidence in argument conclusions. We know of little evidence to suggest that any proposed technique would deliver trustworthy results when implemented by system safety practitioners. Proponents do not usually assess the efficacy of their techniques through controlled experiment or historical study. Instead, they present an illustrative example where the calculation delivers a plausible result. In this paper, we review current proposals, claims made about them, and evidence advanced in favor of them. We then show that proposed techniques can deliver implausible results in some cases. We conclude that quantitative confidence techniques require further validation before they should be recommended as part of the basis for deciding whether an assurance argument justifies fielding a critical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Safety Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Confidence testing
KW  - System safety
KW  - Accident prevention
KW  - Plausibility (Logic)
KW  - Uncertainty (Information theory)
KW  - Systems engineering
KW  - Assurance argument
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Safety case
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 119582561; Graydon, Patrick J. 1; Email Address: patrick.j.graydon@nasa.gov; Holloway, C. Michael 1; Affiliations: 1: Mail Stop 130, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Issue Info: Feb2017, Vol. 92, p53; Subject Term: Confidence testing; Subject Term: System safety; Subject Term: Accident prevention; Subject Term: Plausibility (Logic); Subject Term: Uncertainty (Information theory); Subject Term: Systems engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assurance argument; Author-Supplied Keyword: Confidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety case; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.09.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aller, Josh
AU  - Swain, Nolan
AU  - Baber, Michael
AU  - Tatar, Greg
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan
AU  - Gannon, Paul
T1  - Influence of silicon on high-temperature (600 °C) chlorosilane interactions with iron.
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 160
M3  - Article
SP  - 410
EP  - 417
SN  - 09270248
AB  - High-temperature (>500 °C) chlorosilane gas streams are prevalent in the manufacture of polycrystalline silicon, the feedstock for silicon-based solar panels and electronics. This study investigated the influence of metallurgical grade silicon on the corrosion behavior of pure iron in these types of environments. The experiment included exposing pure iron samples at 600 °C to a silicon tetrachloride/hydrogen input gas mixture with and without embedding the samples in silicon. The samples in a packed bed of silicon had significantly higher mass gains compared to samples not in a packed bed. Comparison to diffusion studies suggest that the increase in mass gain of embedded samples is due to a higher silicon activity from the gas phase reaction with silicon. The experimental results were supported by chemical equilibrium calculations which showed that more-active trichlorosilane and dichlorosilane species are formed from silicon tetrachloride in silicon packed bed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Iron
KW  - Silicon
KW  - High temperatures
KW  - Chlorosilanes
KW  - Polycrystalline silicon
KW  - Chlorosilane
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - EDS Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
KW  - FEM Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
KW  - H 2 SiCl 2 DCS, Dichlorosilane
KW  - HSiCl 3 TCS, Trichlorosilane
KW  - Iron silicide
KW  - MG-Si Metallurgical Grade Silicon
KW  - SiCl 4 STC, Silicon Tetrachloride
KW  - Silicon tetrachloride
KW  - XRD X-Ray Diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 119928073; Aller, Josh 1; Email Address: Josh.aller@yahoo.com; Swain, Nolan 2; Baber, Michael 1; Tatar, Greg 2; Jacobson, Nathan 3; Gannon, Paul 2; Affiliations: 1: Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; 2: Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; 3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Issue Info: Feb2017, Vol. 160, p410; Thesaurus Term: Solar cells; Thesaurus Term: Iron; Subject Term: Silicon; Subject Term: High temperatures; Subject Term: Chlorosilanes; Subject Term: Polycrystalline silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorosilane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: EDS Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: FEM Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope; Author-Supplied Keyword: H 2 SiCl 2 DCS, Dichlorosilane; Author-Supplied Keyword: HSiCl 3 TCS, Trichlorosilane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron silicide; Author-Supplied Keyword: MG-Si Metallurgical Grade Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiCl 4 STC, Silicon Tetrachloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon tetrachloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: XRD X-Ray Diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.11.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rémy, Samuel
AU  - Veira, Andreas
AU  - Paugam, Ronan
AU  - Sofiev, Mikhail
AU  - Kaiser, Johannes W.
AU  - Marenco, Franco
AU  - Burton, Sharon P.
AU  - Benedetti, Angela
AU  - Engelen, Richard J.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Hair, Jonathan W.
T1  - Two global data sets of daily fire emission injection heights since 2003.
JO  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2017/02/15/
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2921
EP  - 2942
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 16807316
AB  - The Global Fire Assimilation System (GFAS) assimilates fire radiative power (FRP) observations from satellite-based sensors to produce daily estimates of biomass burning emissions. It has been extended to include information about injection heights derived from fire observations and meteorological information from the operational weather forecasts of ECMWF. Injection heights are provided by two distinct methods: the Integrated Monitoring and Modelling System for wildland fires (IS4FIRES) parameterisation and the one-dimensional plume rise model (PRM). A global database of daily biomass burning emissions and injection heights at 0.1° resolution has been produced for 2003-2015 and is continuously extended in near-real time with the operational GFAS service of the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). In this study, the two injection height data sets were compared with the new MPHP2 (MISR Plume Height Project 2) satellite-based plume height retrievals. The IS4FIRES parameterisation showed a better overall agreement than the observations, while the PRM was better at capturing the variability of injection heights. The performance of both parameterisations is also dependent on the type of vegetation. Furthermore, the use of biomass burning emission heights from GFAS in atmospheric composition forecasts was assessed in two case studies: the South AMerican Biomass Burning Analysis (SAMBBA) campaign which took place in September 2012 in Brazil, and a series of large fire events in the western USA in August 2013. For these case studies, forecasts of biomass burning aerosol species by the Composition Integrated Forecasting System (C-IFS) of CAMS were found to better reproduce the observed vertical distribution when using PRM injection heights from GFAS compared to aerosols emissions being prescribed at the surface. The globally available GFAS injection heights introduced and evaluated in this study provide a comprehensive data set for future fire and atmospheric composition modelling studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Emissions (Air pollution)
KW  - Wildfires
KW  - Satellite-based remote sensing
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - Big data
N1  - Accession Number: 121542863; Rémy, Samuel 1; Email Address: samuel.remy@ecmwf.int; Veira, Andreas 2; Paugam, Ronan 3; Sofiev, Mikhail 4; Kaiser, Johannes W. 5; Marenco, Franco 6; Burton, Sharon P. 7; Benedetti, Angela 8; Engelen, Richard J. 8; Ferrare, Richard 7; Hair, Jonathan W. 7; Affiliations: 1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, UPMC/CNRS, Paris, France; 2: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany; 3: King's College, London, UK; 4: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland; 5: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany; 6: Satellite Applications, Met Office, Exeter, UK; 7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, CA, USA; 8: European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, Reading, UK; Issue Info: 2017, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p2921; Thesaurus Term: Biomass burning; Thesaurus Term: Emissions (Air pollution); Thesaurus Term: Wildfires; Subject Term: Satellite-based remote sensing; Subject Term: Atmospheric composition; Subject Term: Big data; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/acp-17-2921-2017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dietrich, D. L.
AU  - Calabria, R.
AU  - Massoli, P.
AU  - Nayagam, V.
AU  - Williams, F. A.
T1  - Experimental Observations of the Low-Temperature Burning of Decane/Hexanol Droplets in Microgravity.
JO  - Combustion Science & Technology
JF  - Combustion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 189
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 520
EP  - 554
SN  - 00102202
AB  - This article presents the results of experiments conducted aboard the International Space Station involving the combustion of large bi-component droplets of decane and hexanol (50/50 by volume) in air ambients with ambient pressures between 0.05 and 0.30 MPa. The experiments showed the presence of sustained low-temperature or cool-flame burning following radiative extinction of large droplets at ambient pressures greater than or equal to 0.10 MPa. The droplet diameters at cool-flame extinction were larger for the decane/hexanol droplets than for pure decane droplets at atmospheric pressure, suggesting that hexanol inhibits the cool-flame burning. At 0.20 MPa large fiber-supported droplets radiatively extinguished then burned with a cool flame for a period of time before the hot flame spontaneously re-ignited. At the highest ambient pressure of approximately 0.30 MPa the droplets again radiatively extinguished and burned with a cool flame. Contrary to the 0.20 MPa tests, however, the hot flame did not spontaneously re-ignite, but the droplet burned to completion with a cool flame. Further, more detailed analyses of all camera and radiometer data suggest that the cool-flame burning at 0.30 MPa is fundamentally different than the cool-flame burning at atmospheric pressure. This result does not appear to be consistent with expectations based on currently available cool-flame chemical kinetics and may suggest the need for a different chemical-kinetic mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - Hexanols
KW  - Reduced gravity environments
KW  - Low temperatures
KW  - Chemical kinetics
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Low-temperature combustion
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - International Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 120767377; Dietrich, D. L. 1; Calabria, R. 2; Massoli, P. 2; Nayagam, V. 3; Williams, F. A. 4; Affiliations: 1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Combustion Physics and Reacting Processes Branch, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 2: Istituto Motori, Department of Energy and Transportation, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Napoli, Italy; 3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; 4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; Issue Info: 2017, Vol. 189 Issue 3, p520; Thesaurus Term: Atmospheric pressure; Subject Term: Hexanols; Subject Term: Reduced gravity environments; Subject Term: Low temperatures; Subject Term: Chemical kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-temperature combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity ; Company/Entity: International Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00102202.2016.1225730
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rampino, Michael R.
T1  - Are Some Tillites Impact-Related Debris-Flow Deposits?
JO  - Journal of Geology
JF  - Journal of Geology
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 125
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 164
SN  - 00221376
AB  - A number of ancient glacial deposits, or tillites, are currently interpreted as originating by subaqueous debris-flow processes at glacial termini. Problems in identifying the glacial origin of such deposits can arise because some criteria commonly used for establishing glaciation, especially outsize clasts interpreted as dropstones from icebergs, can apparently be produced by nonglacial debris flows and debris falls. Could some of these debris-flow diamictite deposits be related to large-body impacts, especially those that occurred at times other than established glacial periods? Debris-flow ejecta of known impacts seem to be marked by mildly shocked clasts showing evidence of plastic behavior with brittle failure, commonly resulting in multiple, partially displaced fractures, grading into crushed and brecciated clasts. These deformation features entail brief periods of high confining pressures, in accord with a hypervelocity-impact origin. I report here several debris-flow diamictites, currently interpreted as tillites, that exhibit these characteristic deformed stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Geology is the property of University of Chicago Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Debris avalanches
KW  - Glacial landforms
KW  - Clastic rocks
KW  - Icebergs
KW  - Tillite
N1  - Accession Number: 121421414; Rampino, Michael R. 1,2; Email Address: mrr1@nyu.edu; Affiliations: 1: Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA; 2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York 10025, USA; Issue Info: Mar2017, Vol. 125 Issue 2, p155; Thesaurus Term: Debris avalanches; Thesaurus Term: Glacial landforms; Thesaurus Term: Clastic rocks; Thesaurus Term: Icebergs; Subject Term: Tillite; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1086/690212
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eih&AN=121421414&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Karen
AU  - House, Christopher
AU  - Dworkin, Jason
AU  - Callahan, Michael
T1  - Spontaneous Oligomerization of Nucleotide Alternatives in Aqueous Solutions.
JO  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
JF  - Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 11
SN  - 01696149
AB  - On early Earth, a primitive polymer that could spontaneously form from likely available precursors may have preceded both RNA and DNA as the first genetic material. Here, we report that heated aqueous solutions containing 5-hydroxymethyluracil (HMU) result in oligomers of uracil, heated solutions containing 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (HMC) result in oligomers of cytosine, and heated solutions containing both HMU and HMC result in mixed oligomers of uracil and cytosine. Oligomerization of hydroxymethylated pyrimidines, which may have been abundant on the primitive Earth, might have been important in the development of simple informational polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Origins of Life & Evolution of the Biosphere is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Oligomerization
KW  - Nucleotides
KW  - Aqueous solutions
KW  - Uracil
KW  - Cytosine
KW  - Liquid chromatography
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
KW  - Pyrimidines
N1  - Accession Number: 121264081; Smith, Karen 1; House, Christopher 1; Dworkin, Jason 2; Callahan, Michael; Email Address: michaelcallahan914@boisestate.edu; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center , Pennsylvania State University , University Park 16802 USA; 2: Solar System Exploration Division and Goddard Center for Astrobiology , National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt 20771 USA; Issue Info: Mar2017, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: Oligomerization; Subject Term: Nucleotides; Subject Term: Aqueous solutions; Subject Term: Uracil; Subject Term: Cytosine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrimidines; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11084-016-9484-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lapalme, Caitlin
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - Pollard, Wayne
AU  - Fisher, David
AU  - Davila, Alfonso
AU  - Mckay, Christopher P.
T1  - Distribution and origin of ground ice in University Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica.
JO  - Antarctic Science
JF  - Antarctic Science
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 198
SN  - 09541020
AB  - Ground ice is one of the most important and dynamic geologic components of permafrost; however, few studies have investigated the distribution and origin of ground ice in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. In this study, ice-bearing permafrost cores were collected from 18 sites in University Valley, a small hanging glacial valley in the Quartermain Mountains. Ground ice was found to be ubiquitous in the upper 2 m of permafrost soils, with excess ice contents reaching 93%, but ground ice conditions were not homogeneous. Ground ice content was variable within polygons and along the valley floor, decreasing in the centres of polygons and increasing in the shoulders of polygons towards the mouth of the valley. Ground ice also had different origins: vapour deposition, freezing of partially evaporated snow meltwater and buried glacier ice. The variability in the distribution and origin of ground ice can be attributed to ground surface temperature and moisture conditions, which separate the valley into distinct zones. Ground ice of vapour-deposition origin was predominantly situated in perennially cryotic zones, whereas ground ice formed by the freezing of evaporated snow meltwater was predominantly found in seasonally non-cryotic zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Antarctic Science is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ground ice
KW  - Permafrost
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - ground ice
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys
KW  - permafrost
KW  - polygons
N1  - Accession Number: 121461937; Lapalme, Caitlin 1; Lacelle, Denis 1; Pollard, Wayne 2; Fisher, David 3; Davila, Alfonso 4; Mckay, Christopher P. 5; Affiliations: 1: Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; 2: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; 3: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; 4: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; 5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Issue Info: Apr2017, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p183; Thesaurus Term: Ground ice; Thesaurus Term: Permafrost; Subject: McMurdo Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: McMurdo Dry Valleys; Author-Supplied Keyword: permafrost; Author-Supplied Keyword: polygons; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0954102016000572
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Sara R.
AU  - Swieringa, Kurt A.
AU  - Leonard, Robert D.
AU  - Freitag, Evan
AU  - Edwards, David J.
T1  - Statistical engineering approach to improve the realism of computer-simulated experiments with aircraft trajectory clustering.
JO  - Quality Engineering
JF  - Quality Engineering
Y1  - 2017/04//Apr-Jun2017
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
EP  - 180
SN  - 08982112
AB  - This article presents a statistical engineering approach for clustering aircraft trajectories. The clustering methodology was developed to address the need to incorporate more realistic trajectories in fast-time computer simulations used to evaluate an aircraft spacing algorithm. The methodology is a combination of Dynamic Time Warping and k-Means clustering, and can be viewed as one of many possible solutions to the immediate problem. The implementation of this statistical engineering approach is also repeatable, scalable, and extendable to the investigation of other air traffic management technologies. Development of the clustering methodology is presented in addition to an application and description of results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics)
KW  - TRAJECTORIES
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - WARPING machines
KW  - dynamic time warping
KW  - gap statistic
KW  - k-means
KW  - statistical engineering
KW  - trajectory clustering
N1  - Accession Number: 121504750; Wilson, Sara R. 1; Swieringa, Kurt A. 1; Leonard, Robert D. 2; Freitag, Evan 2; Edwards, David J. 2; Affiliations: 1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; 2: Department of Statistical Sciences and Operations Research, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Issue Info: Apr-Jun2017, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p167; Thesaurus Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Thesaurus Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics); Subject Term: TRAJECTORIES; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: WARPING machines; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic time warping; Author-Supplied Keyword: gap statistic; Author-Supplied Keyword: k-means; Author-Supplied Keyword: statistical engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: trajectory clustering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333248 All other industrial machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08982112.2016.1147050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - buh
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ryoo, Ju-Mee
AU  - Johnson, Matthew S.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Gore, Warren
T1  - Investigating sources of ozone over California using AJAX airborne measurements and models: Assessing the contribution from long-range transport.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2017/04/15/
VL  - 155
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 67
SN  - 13522310
AB  - High ozone (O 3 ) concentrations at low altitudes (1.5–4 km) were detected from airborne Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) measurements on 30 May 2012 off the coast of California (CA). We investigate the causes of those elevated O 3 concentrations using airborne measurements and various models. GEOS-Chem simulation shows that the contribution from local sources is likely small. A back-trajectory model was used to determine the air mass origins and how much they contributed to the O 3 over CA. Low-level potential vorticity (PV) from Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data appears to be a result of the diabatic heating and mixing of airs in the lower altitudes, rather than be a result of direct transport from stratospheric intrusion. The Q diagnostic, which is a measure of the mixing of the air masses, indicates that there is sufficient mixing along the trajectory to indicate that O 3 from the different origins is mixed and transported to the western U.S. The back-trajectory model simulation demonstrates the air masses of interest came mostly from the mid troposphere (MT, 76%), but the contribution of the lower troposphere (LT, 19%) is also significant compared to those from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS, 5%). Air coming from the LT appears to be mostly originating over Asia. The possible surface impact of the high O 3 transported aloft on the surface O 3 concentration through vertical and horizontal transport within a few days is substantiated by the influence maps determined from the Weather Research and Forecasting–Stochastic Time Inverted Lagrangian Transport (WRF-STILT) model and the observed increases in surface ozone mixing ratios. Contrasting this complex case with a stratospheric-dominant event emphasizes the contribution of each source to the high O 3 concentration in the lower altitudes over CA. Integrated analyses using models, reanalysis, and diagnostic tools, allows high ozone values detected by in-situ measurements to be attributed to multiple source processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Air pollutants
KW  - Air masses
KW  - Vortex motion
KW  - Alpha Jet (Training plane)
KW  - Long-range transport from Asia
KW  - Measurements and models
KW  - Stratospheric intrusion
KW  - Surface impact
N1  - Accession Number: 121556835; Ryoo, Ju-Mee 1,2; Email Address: ju-mee.ryoo@nasa.gov; Johnson, Matthew S. 1; Iraci, Laura T. 1; Yates, Emma L. 1,2; Gore, Warren 1; Affiliations: 1: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; 2: Bay Area Environment Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Issue Info: Apr2017, Vol. 155, p53; Thesaurus Term: Ozone; Thesaurus Term: Air pollutants; Thesaurus Term: Air masses; Thesaurus Term: Vortex motion; Subject Term: Alpha Jet (Training plane); Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-range transport from Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurements and models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric intrusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface impact; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - eih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Hancock, D W
AU  - Forsythe, R G
AU  - McMillan, J D
T1  - Noss altimeter algorithm specifications
JO  - NASA Reference Publication
JF  - NASA Reference Publication
M3  - Book Chapter
N1  - Accession Number: ISTA1803558; Hancock, D W 1; Forsythe, R G; McMillan, J D; Affiliations: 1 : National Aeronautics And Space Administration, Scientific And Technical Information Branch; Note: Update Code: 1800; Number of Pages: 103p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - lih
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
ID  - 2003-05745
AU  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), (Corp.)
TI  - Interpreting the 'song' of a distant black hole
N1  - Accession Number: 2003-05745. Record Type: Main Record Document Type: Electronic resource. Includes: illustrations, sound files, video files. Language: English.
AB  - A black hole situated in the center of a galaxy amid a group of thousands of galaxies collectively called the Perseus Cluster emits waves in a frequency equivalent to a B-flat 57 octaves below middle C, or one million, billion times lower than the lowest sound audible to the human ear. The Perseus black hole's sound waves have a frequency of 10 million years.
KW  - 80: Music and related disciplines -- General
KW  - science -- astronomy -- black holes -- sound generation
KW  - acoustics -- black holes
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UR  - http://www.nasa.gov/vision/universe/starsgalaxies/black_hole_sound.html
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - ram
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yanling Yin
AU  - Wei-Tsu Wu
AU  - Srivatsa, Shesh
AU  - Semiatin, S. Lee
AU  - Gayda, John
AU  - Ghosh, S.
AU  - Castro, J.C.
AU  - Lee, J.K.
T1  - Modeling Machining Distortion of Aircraft-Engine Disk Forgings.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/06/10/
VL  - 712
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 400
EP  - 405
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Rotating components of aircraft engines are generally manufactured by forging followed by heat treatment. Due to the residual stresses induced during heat treatment, components often distort when material is removed during machining to the final shape. Using trial-and-error approaches, it can be very difficult to develop a sequence of machining operations which will ensure that the final component is produced within the very tight dimensional tolerances required for satisfactory performance in service. The objective of the current work, therefore, was to develop and validate a simulation procedure that can predict distortion during the material removal process. To validate the model, four prototype disks were forged and then heat treated under different conditions. Multiple machining cuts were carried out on the top side of each disk. The distortion at the bottom surface was then measured. The Finite-Element Method (FEM) embodied in the commercial software, DEFORM™-HT, was used to model the four heat-treatment processes. Excellent agreement between the measured distortions and the finite-element predictions was found. The FEM heat-treatment model was shown to be a very useful tool to understand and predict distortion and can thus be used for the design and optimization of heat-treatment and machining processes. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - MACHINING
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - FORGING
KW  - MATERIALS science
N1  - Accession Number: 13720559; Yanling Yin 1 Wei-Tsu Wu 1 Srivatsa, Shesh 2 Semiatin, S. Lee 3 Gayda, John 4 Ghosh, S. Castro, J.C. Lee, J.K.; Affiliation:  1: Scientific Forming Technologies Corporation, Columbus, OH, USA  2: GE Aircraft Engines, Cincinnati, OH, USA  3: Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 712 Issue 1, p400; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: MACHINING; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: FORGING; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332112 Nonferrous Forging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332113 Forging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332111 Iron and Steel Forging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1766557
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Predicting climate change effects on vegetation, soil thermal dynamics, and carbon cycling in ecosystems of interior Alaska
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2004/06/15/
VL  - 175
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 03043800
AB  - A dynamic vegetation model has been used to predict patterns of recent past and potential future change in taiga forest ecosystems of interior Alaska. The model, called CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach), is a process-based ecosystem depiction of plant and soil processes, including all major cycles of water and carbon. CASA’s dynamic vegetation component is intended to facilitate coupling to general circulation models of the atmosphere, which require mechanistic fluxes and feedbacks from terrestrial vegetation. Simulation results for selected Alaska sites of Denali National Park suggest that the past 50-year climate trends of warming temperatures may shift the taiga ecosystem from dominance by evergreen needleleaf trees to a more mixed broadleaf–needleleaf tree composition. For other (higher elevation) areas of Denali, our model predicts that a difference of only about 3 °C in mean annual air temperatures appears to differentiate the permanent presence of tundra vegetation forms over taiga forest. The model predicts that over the 1950–1999 climate record at Denali station, the changing taiga ecosystems were net sinks for atmospheric CO2 of about 1.3 kg C m−2. During the warm 1990s, these forests were predicted to be net carbon sinks of more than 15 g C m−2 per year in 8 out of 10 years. Predicted NPP for the forest continues to increase with a projected warming trend for the next 25 years at a mean rate of about +1.2 g C m−2 per year. On the basis of these model results, a series of crucial field site measurements can be identified for inclusion in subsequent long-term ecological studies of the changing taiga forest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL dynamics
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - ALASKA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Boreal forest
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Ecosystem modeling
KW  - Tundra
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 12897429; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@gaia.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 175 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOIL dynamics; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: ALASKA; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boreal forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tundra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation dynamics; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2003.05.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khare
AU  - B. N.
AU  - Wilhite
AU  - P.
AU  - Quinn
AU  - R. C.
AU  - Chen
AU  - B.
AU  - Schingler
AU  - R. H.
AU  - Tran
AU  - Imanaka
AU  - H.
AU  - So
AU  - C. R.
AU  - Bauschlicher
AU  - C. W. Jr.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes by Ammonia Glow-Discharge:  Experiments and Modeling.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/06/15/
VL  - 108
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 8166
EP  - 8172
SN  - 15206106
AB  - We successfully functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through a microwave discharge of ammonia. Evidence is supplied through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with band assignment aided by computational modeling. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy results also provide supporting evidence of functional groups attached to the surfaces of SWNTs from ammonia plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 13524672; Khare B. N. 1 Wilhite P. 1 Quinn R. C. 1 Chen B. 1 Schingler R. H. 1 Tran Imanaka H. 1 So C. R. 1 Bauschlicher C. W. Jr. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 108 Issue 24, p8166; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khare
AU  - B. N.
AU  - Wilhite
AU  - P.
AU  - Quinn
AU  - R. C.
AU  - Chen
AU  - B.
AU  - Schingler
AU  - R. H.
AU  - Tran
AU  - Imanaka
AU  - H.
AU  - So
AU  - C. R.
AU  - Bauschlicher
AU  - C. W. Jr.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes by Ammonia Glow-Discharge:  Experiments and Modeling.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/06/15/
VL  - 108
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 8166
EP  - 8172
SN  - 15206106
AB  - We successfully functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through a microwave discharge of ammonia. Evidence is supplied through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy with band assignment aided by computational modeling. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy results also provide supporting evidence of functional groups attached to the surfaces of SWNTs from ammonia plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy
KW  - FULLERENES
N1  - Accession Number: 13524732; Khare B. N. 1 Wilhite P. 1 Quinn R. C. 1 Chen B. 1 Schingler R. H. 1 Tran Imanaka H. 1 So C. R. 1 Bauschlicher C. W. Jr. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 108 Issue 24, p8166; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRON spectroscopy; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Browntee, Donald E.
AU  - Horz, Friedrich
AU  - Newburn, Ray L.
AU  - Zolensky, Michael
AU  - Duxbury, Thomas C.
AU  - Sandford, Scott
AU  - Sekanina, Zdenek
AU  - Tsou, Peter
AU  - Hanner, Martha S.
AU  - Clark, Benton C.
AU  - Green, Simon F.
AU  - Kissel, Jochen
T1  - Surface of Young Jupiter Family Comet 81 P/Wild 2: Viewfrom the Stardust Spacecraft.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/06/18/
VL  - 304
IS  - 5678
M3  - Article
SP  - 1764
EP  - 1769
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Images taken by the Stardust mission during its flyby of 81P/Wild 2 show the comet to be a 5-kilometer oblate body covered with remarkable topographic features, including unusual circular features that appear to be impact craters. The presence of high-angle slopes shows that the surface is cohesive and self-supporting. The comet does not appear to be a rubble pile, and its rounded shape is not directly consistent with the comet being a fragment of a larger body. The surface is active and yet it retains ancient terrain. Wild 2 appears to be in the early stages of its degradation phase as a small volatile-rich body in the inner solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - COMETS
KW  - RUBBLE
KW  - PHOTOGRAPHS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13581117; Browntee, Donald E. 1; Email Address: brownlee@astro.washington.edu Horz, Friedrich 2 Newburn, Ray L. 3 Zolensky, Michael 2 Duxbury, Thomas C. 3 Sandford, Scott 4 Sekanina, Zdenek 2 Tsou, Peter 3 Hanner, Martha S. 5 Clark, Benton C. 6 Green, Simon F. 7 Kissel, Jochen 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  5: University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9291, USA.  6: Lockheed Martin Astronautics, Denver, CO, 80201, USA.  7: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.  8: Max-Planck-lnstitut für Aeronomie, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany.; Source Info: 6/18/2004, Vol. 304 Issue 5678, p1764; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: RUBBLE; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAPHS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5093
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bassim, N.D.
AU  - Twigg, M.E.
AU  - Eddy Jr., C.R.
AU  - Henry, R.L.
AU  - Holm, R.T.
AU  - Culbertson, J.C.
AU  - Stahlbush, R.E.
AU  - Neudeck, P.G.
AU  - Trunek, A.J.
AU  - Powell, J.A.
T1  - Microstructure of heteroepitaxial GaN grown on mesa-patterned 4H-SiC substrates.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/06/21/
VL  - 84
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 5216
EP  - 5218
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy have been used to study the microstructure of a thin heteroeptiaxial GaN film grown on (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces with and without atomic scale steps. Analysis of a mesa that was completely free of atomic-scale surface steps prior to III–N film deposition showed that these GaN layers had a wide variation in island height (1–3 μm) and included the presence of pit-like defects on the film surface. This sample had a low dislocation density (5×108/cm2) as compared to conventionally grown samples on unpatterned (0001) on-axis 4H-SiC (2×109/cm2), coupled with a 3–5 times increase in grain size. A comparison of a GaN film on the step-free 4H-SiC mesa region with a GaN film on a stepped 4H-SiC mesa region on the same substrate showed that the presence of surface steps reduced the overall grain size of the film from 7–10 μm to a grain size of about 2–3 μm. Since the GaN films grow via a Volmer–Weber mechanism, a decrease in the number of heterogeneous nucleation sites may allow the growth of large GaN islands before coalescence, thus reducing the number of threading dislocations. These results are promising for the further development of unique, low-dislocation density active regions for GaN device structures on 4H-SiC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - GALLIUM nitride
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - EPITAXY
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 13538757; Bassim, N.D. 1; Email Address: nbass@estd.nrl.navy.mil Twigg, M.E. 1 Eddy Jr., C.R. 1 Henry, R.L. 1 Holm, R.T. 1 Culbertson, J.C. 1 Stahlbush, R.E. 1 Neudeck, P.G. 2 Trunek, A.J. 3 Powell, J.A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Electronic Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, 20375  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: OAI, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Sest Inc., Cleveland Ohio 44135; Source Info: 6/21/2004, Vol. 84 Issue 25, p5216; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: GALLIUM nitride; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: EPITAXY; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1765213
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13538757&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Harrison, Joycelyn S.
T1  - Stable dispersion of single wall carbon nanotubes in polyimide: the role of noncovalent interactions
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/06/21/
VL  - 391
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 207
EP  - 211
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been dispersed in a nitrile functionalized polyimide matrix and the resulting composite shows excellent stability with respect to reaggregation of the nanotubes. This contrasts with the behaviour of structurally similar polyimides in which the dispersion is only stable for short periods of time. Shifts in certain characteristic FTIR and Raman peaks which indicate a charge transfer interaction between the nanotubes and polymer matrix are observed. A simple model for charge transfer stabilization is presented and shown to be consistent with the experimental observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ION exchange (Chemistry)
KW  - CHARGE transfer
KW  - POLYIMIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 13388897; Wise, Kristopher E. 1; Email Address: k.e.wise@larc.nasa.gov Park, Cheol 1 Siochi, Emilie J. 2 Harrison, Joycelyn S. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS226, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 391 Issue 4-6, p207; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ION exchange (Chemistry); Subject Term: CHARGE transfer; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.04.096
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lu, Yijiang
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Han, Jie
AU  - Ng, H.-T.
AU  - Binder, Christie
AU  - Partridge, Christina
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Room temperature methane detection using palladium loaded single-walled carbon nanotube sensors
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/06/21/
VL  - 391
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
EP  - 348
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) loaded with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles are used for detection of methane ranging from 6 to 100 ppm in air at room temperature. The Pd-SWNT nanosensors show advantages over conventional catalytic beads and metal oxide sensors for methane detection in terms of reduced size and power consumption by a factor of 100 and sensitivity by a factor of 10. A charge transfer sensing mechanism in which Pd attracts electrons from SWNTs to form a weakly bound complex Pdδ+(CH4)δ- is discussed. In addition, the elevated temperature and ultraviolet light effects on the sensor characteristics are also studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - ION exchange (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 13388922; Lu, Yijiang 1 Li, Jing; Email Address: jingli@mail.arc.nasa.gov Han, Jie 1 Ng, H.-T. 1 Binder, Christie 1 Partridge, Christina 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 391 Issue 4-6, p344; Subject Term: ALKANES; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: ION exchange (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.05.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13388922&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Dresar, N. T.
AU  - Siegwarth, J. D.
T1  - Cryogenic Transfer Line Chilldown.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/06/23/
VL  - 710
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 308
EP  - 315
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The transient behavior of a small-scale cryogenic transfer line was investigated during chilldown to cryogenic temperatures. The vacuum-jacketed apparatus consisted of a vertical tube followed by a near-horizontal tube. The tube diameter was 1 cm and the overall length was 4.4 m. The apparatus was equipped with view-ports in the near-horizontal section to allow visual observation of the flow patterns. Wall temperatures were measured at various locations along the length of the transfer line. Each test was conducted at a constant liquid volumetric flowrate at the transfer line inlet until saturation temperatures were obtained throughout the system. Liquid flowrate was varied by more than two orders of magnitude and resulted in chilldown times ranging from a few minutes to several hours. An optimum flowrate exists that minimizes liquid consumption during the chilldown process. At higher flowrates, there is insufficient time for heat transfer from the liquid to the wall and inefficiencies result from the greater amount of incompletely vaporized liquid passing through the system. At lower flowrates, chilldown time and total ambient heat leak into the system increase, which raises liquid consumption. The experimental values of liquid consumption are compared to analytical estimates. At low flowrates, the data compares favorably to a minimum consumption model while at high flowrates the maximum consumption model overpredicts hydrogen consumption and underpredicts nitrogen consumption. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - CRYOELECTRONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13868755; Van Dresar, N. T. 1 Siegwarth, J. D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44253, USA  2: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 710 Issue 1, p308; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: CRYOELECTRONICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1774697
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13868755&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christie, R.
AU  - Robinson, D.
AU  - Plachta, D.
T1  - Design and Operating Characteristics of a Cryogenic Nitrogen Thermosyphon.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/06/23/
VL  - 710
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1079
EP  - 1090
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A two-phase nitrogen thermosyphon was developed in order to efficiently integrate a cryocooler into an insulated liquid nitrogen filled tank as part of a Protoflight Zero Boil-Off (ZBO) Development Ground Test. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center’s (MSFC) Advanced Space Transportation Program supported this test to improve performance of in-space propulsion system concepts. Active cooling was integrated via a thermosyphon, made of copper, 1070 mm (42″) in length with an inner diameter of 11 mm (0.436″). It was charged with nitrogen to 1.55 MPa (225 PSIA) at 300 K which provided a fill ratio of 15%. The temperatures and heat flows through the thermosyphon were monitored during the start-up phase of the ZBO test and steady-state tests were conducted over a range of increasing and decreasing heat flows. The results showed that the performance of the thermosyphon exceeded expectations and had a thermal resistance of 0.2 K/W at a heat flow of 8.0 W. The design calculations also showed that the thermal resistance of a thermosyphon can be made relatively constant over a wider range of heat flows by making the ratio of evaporator area to condenser area 3:1. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOSYPHONS
KW  - HEAT exchangers
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - CRYOELECTRONICS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 13868956; Christie, R. 1 Robinson, D. 1 Plachta, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: ZinTechnologies, Inc. Brook Park, Ohio 44142  2: NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 710 Issue 1, p1079; Subject Term: THERMOSYPHONS; Subject Term: HEAT exchangers; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: CRYOELECTRONICS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1774792
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13868956&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ross Jr., R. G.
AU  - Boyle, R. F.
AU  - Kittel, P.
T1  - NASA Space Cryocooler Programs — A 2003 Overview.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/06/23/
VL  - 710
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1197
EP  - 1204
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Mechanical cryocoolers represent a significant enabling technology for NASA’s Earth and Space Science Enterprises. An overview is presented of ongoing cryocooler activities within NASA in support of current flight projects, near-term flight instruments, and long-term technology development. NASA programs in Earth and space science observe a wide range of phenomena, from crop dynamics to stellar birth. Many of the instruments require cryogenic refrigeration to improve dynamic range, extend wavelength coverage, and enable the use of advanced detectors. Although, the largest utilization of coolers over the last decade has been for instruments operating at medium to high cryogenic temperatures (55 to 150 K), reflecting the relative maturity of the technology at these temperatures, important new developments are now focusing at the lower temperature range from 6 to 20 K in support of studies of the origin of the universe and the search for planets around distant stars. NASA’s development of a 20K cryocooler for the European Planck spacecraft and its new Advanced Cryocooler Technology Development Program (ACTDP) for 6–18 K coolers are examples of the thrust to provide low temperature cooling for this class of missions. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOELECTRONICS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 13868942; Ross Jr., R. G. 1 Boyle, R. F. 2 Kittel, P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 91109  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, MD 20771  3: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 710 Issue 1, p1197; Subject Term: CRYOELECTRONICS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1774806
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=13868942&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liming Zhou
AU  - Dickinson, Robert E.
AU  - Vuhong Tian
AU  - Jingyun Fang
AU  - Qingxiang Li
AU  - Kaufmann, Robert K.
AU  - Tucker, Compton J.
AU  - Mynenim, Ranga B.
T1  - Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/06/29/
VL  - 101
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 9540
EP  - 9544
SN  - 00278424
AB  - China has experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic growth since its reform process started in late 1978. In this article, we present evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate based on analysis of impacts of land-use changes on surface temperature in southeast China, where rapid urbanization has occurred. Our estimated warming of mean surface temperature of 0.05°C per decade attributable to urbanization is much larger than previous estimates for other periods and locations. The spatial pattern and magnitude of our estimate are consistent with those of urbanization characterized by changes in the percentage of urban population and in satellite-measured greenness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - URBANIZATION
KW  - CITIES & towns
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - POPULATION
KW  - ECONOMIC development
KW  - CHINA
N1  - Accession Number: 13870344; Liming Zhou 1; Email Address: Imzhou@eas.gatech.edu Dickinson, Robert E. 1 Vuhong Tian 1 Jingyun Fang 2 Qingxiang Li 3 Kaufmann, Robert K. 4 Tucker, Compton J. 5 Mynenim, Ranga B. 4; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332.  2: Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education. Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.  3: National Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China.  4: Department of Geography, Boston University, 675 commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215.  5: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 923, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.; Source Info: 6/29/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 26, p9540; Subject Term: URBANIZATION; Subject Term: CITIES & towns; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: POPULATION; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; Subject Term: CHINA; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0400357101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Nikitin, A.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Fejard, L.
AU  - Champion, J.P.
AU  - Tyuterev, Vl.G.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
T1  - Line intensities of CH3D in the Triad region: 6–10 μm
JO  - Journal of Molecular Structure
JF  - Journal of Molecular Structure
Y1  - 2004/06/30/
VL  - 695-696
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 188
SN  - 00222860
AB  - Line intensities of the three lowest fundamentals of the 12CH3D Triad are modeled with an RMS of 3.2% using over 2100 observed values retrieved by multispectrum fitting of enriched sample spectra recorded with two Fourier transform spectrometers. The band strengths of the Triad in units of 10-18 cm-1/(molecule cm-2) at 296 K are, respectively, 2.33 for <f>ν6</f> <f>(E)</f> at 1161 cm-1, 1.75 for <f>ν3</f> <f>(A1)</f> at 1307 cm-1 and 0.571 for <f>ν5</f> <f>(E)</f> at 1472 cm-1. The total calculated absorption arising from 12CH3D Triad fundamentals is 4.65×10-18 cm-1/(molecule cm-2) at 296 K. In addition, some 740 intensities of nine hotbands are fitted to 8.1%; most of the hotband measurements belong to <f>2ν6-ν6</f> and <f>ν3+ν6-ν3</f> near 1160 cm-1, <f>2ν3-ν3</f> near 1290 cm-1 and <f>ν3+ν6-ν6</f> near 1304 cm-1. The other observed hotbands are <f>ν5+ν6-ν6,</f> <f>2ν5-ν5,</f> <f>ν5+ν6-ν5,</f> <f>ν3+ν5-ν3,</f> and ν3+ν5-ν5. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Structure is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER transforms
KW  - METHANE
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - CH3D Triad
KW  - Fundamentals
KW  - Hotbands
KW  - Intensities
KW  - Monodeuterated methane
N1  - Accession Number: 13182228; Brown, L.R. 1; Email Address: linda.brown@jpl.nasa.gov Nikitin, A. 2 Benner, D. Chris 3 Devi, V. Malathy 3 Smith, M.A.H. 4 Fejard, L. 5 Champion, J.P. 5 Tyuterev, Vl.G. 6 Sams, R.L. 7; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 183-601, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk 634055, Russia  3: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  4: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  5: Laboratoire de Physique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue A. Savary B.P. 47870-21078, Dijon, France  6: Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, UMR CNRS no. 6089, Faculté des Sciences, BP 1039-51687, Reims Cedex 2, France  7: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Jun2004, Vol. 695-696, p181; Subject Term: FOURIER transforms; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: ALKANES; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH3D Triad; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fundamentals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hotbands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monodeuterated methane; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.molstruc.2003.12.041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chao Li
AU  - Wendy Fan
AU  - Straus, Daniel A.
AU  - Bo Lei
AU  - Asano, Sylvia
AU  - Daihua Zhang
AU  - Jie Han
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Chongwu Zhou
T1  - Charge Storage Behavior of Nanowire Transistors Functionalized with Bis(terpyridine) -- Fe(II) Molecules: Dependence on Molecular Structure.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2004/06/30/
VL  - 126
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 7750
EP  - 7751
SN  - 00027863
AB  - Redox-active molecules have potential as charge storage materials because of their ability to undergo facile electron-transfer reactions at low potentials. To incorporate these molecules into CMOS technology platform presents an attractive route toward nanoscale memory devices with tailor-made characteristics. For instance, when spin-coated onto the conduction channel of a field effect transistor (FET), the cobalt-phthalocyanine molecules can be brought into different redox states by gate voltage pulses; this chemical transformation then alters the conduction of the PET and renders the device an excellent bistability.
KW  - OXIDATION-reduction reaction
KW  - CHARGE exchange
KW  - CHARGE transfer
KW  - COBALT
KW  - PHTHALOCYANINES
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
N1  - Accession Number: 13881741; Chao Li 1 Wendy Fan 2; Email Address: wfan@mail.arc.nasa.gov Straus, Daniel A. 3 Bo Lei 1 Asano, Sylvia 2 Daihua Zhang 1 Jie Han 2 Meyyappan, M. 2 Chongwu Zhou 1; Email Address: chongwuz@usc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering-Electrophysics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089.  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.  3: Department of Chemistry, One Washington Square, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192.; Source Info: 6/30/2004, Vol. 126 Issue 25, p7750; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Subject Term: CHARGE transfer; Subject Term: COBALT; Subject Term: PHTHALOCYANINES; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/ja049368c
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gibbs, Gary p.
AU  - Cabell, Randolph H.
AU  - Juang, Jer-Nan
T1  - Controller Complexity for Active Control of Turbulent Boundary-Layer Noise from Panels.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1314
EP  - 1320
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An experimental study of feedback controller complexity vs noise reduction performance for active structural acoustic control of turbulent-boundary-layer (TBL)-induced sound radiation from a panel is described. The reduction of total radiated sound power as a function of the number of actuators, sensors, and controller cost functionon a mock aircraft sidewall subjected to TBL excitation are discussed. The results demonstrate total radiated sound power reductions of 15 dB at resonances and 10 dB integrated over 150-1000 Hz for a three-actuator and 15-sensor case. The controller configuration was then simplified to one actuator and four sensors (summed outputs) and was found to produce 10-15-dB reductions in sound power at resonances and 9 dB integrated over the control bandwidth. This result demonstrates the potential for achieving significant reductions in radiated sound power with a relatively simple actuator/sensor topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
N1  - Accession Number: 14013963; Gibbs, Gary p. 1 Cabell, Randolph H. 1 Juang, Jer-Nan 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 42 Issue 7, p1314; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Houde, Martin
AU  - Peng, Ruisheng
AU  - Yoshida, Hiroshige
AU  - Hildebrand, Roger H.
AU  - Phillips, Thomas G.
AU  - Dowell, C. Darren
AU  - Bastien, Pierre
AU  - Dotson, Jessie L.
AU  - Vaillancourt, John E.
T1  - The Measurement of the Orientation of the Magnetic Field in Molecular Clouds.
JO  - Astrophysics & Space Science
JF  - Astrophysics & Space Science
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 292
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 134
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0004640X
AB  - We discuss how the combination of polarimetry and ion-to-neutral molecular line width ratio measurements permits the determination of the magnitude and orientation of the magnetic field in the weakly ionized parts of molecular clouds. Polarimetry measurements give the field orientation in the plane of the sky and the ion-to-neutral molecular line width ratio determines the angle between the magnetic field and the line of sight. We show the first results obtained with this technique on the M17 and Orion A star-forming region using Hertz 350 μm polarimetry maps and HCO+-to-HCN molecular line width ratios to provide the first view of the spatial orientation of the magnetic field these molecular clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysics & Space Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR magnetic fields
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - EARLY stars
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ISM cloud
KW  - ISM individual (M17)
KW  - ISM individual (Orion)
KW  - ISM magnetic field
KW  - ISM polarization
KW  - ISM radio lines
KW  - ISM radio lines.
N1  - Accession Number: 14733523; Houde, Martin 1; Email Address: houde@submm.caltech.edu Peng, Ruisheng 1 Yoshida, Hiroshige 1 Hildebrand, Roger H. 2 Phillips, Thomas G. 3 Dowell, C. Darren 4 Bastien, Pierre 5 Dotson, Jessie L. 6 Vaillancourt, John E. 7; Affiliation:  1: Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, Hilo, HI, U.S.A.  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Enrico Fermi Institute and Department of Physics, University of Chicago, IL, U.S.A.  3: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, U.S.A.  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, U.S.A.  5: Département de Physique, Universiée de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, U.S.A.  7: Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 292 Issue 1-4, p127; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: EARLY stars; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM individual (M17); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM individual (Orion); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM magnetic field; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM radio lines; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM radio lines.; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stone, P.
AU  - Yao, M.
T1  - The ice-covered Earth instability in a model of intermediate complexity.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 815
EP  - 822
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - The ice-covered Earth instability found in energy balance models is studied with a zonal mean statistical dynamical atmospheric model coupled to a global mixed layer ocean model. The response of the model to changes in solar constant is examined in two parallel studies, one with and one without a fixed meridional heat transport (aQ-flux) being included in the ocean model. TheQ-flux is derived so as to make the climate with the current value of the solar constant resemble the earth’s current climate. In both cases the climate displays a hysteresis loop as the solar constant decreases and then increases, with two equilibrium states being possible for a range of values of the solar constant. In the case without aQ-flux, as in energy balance models, one state corresponds to an ice-covered Earth, and the other is partially covered. In the case with aQ-flux, because the polewardQ-flux is stronger in the Southern Hemisphere, one state corresponds to an ice-covered Northern Hemisphere, but a Southern Hemisphere that is only partially ice-covered; the other state has much reduced ice-cover in both hemispheres. In the case when theQ-flux is present, the sensitivity of the state with smaller ice-cover is about half as much, and the hysteresis loop extends over a smaller range of values of the solar constant. Also in this case there is a strong ice-covered Earth instability that sets in when the solar constant is about 13-14% below the current value. However in the case without aQ-flux the ice-covered Earth instability virtually disappears. The different behavior is attributed to the much lower efficiency of the meridional heat transport in the case with noQ-flux. The behavior in this case may be more realistic for cold climates. The results in both cases confirm the simple analytical relation between global mean surface temperature and global ice area found in energy balance models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - SOLAR constant
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SOUTHERN Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 16399102; Stone, P. 1; Email Address: phstone@mit.edu Yao, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences Massachusetts Institute of Technology  2: SGT, Goddard Institute for Space Studies National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 22 Issue 8, p815; Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: SOLAR constant; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SOUTHERN Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-004-0408-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linteris, G.T.
AU  - Katta, V.R.
AU  - Takahashi, F.
T1  - Experimental and numerical evaluation of metallic compounds for suppressing cup-burner flames
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 138
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
EP  - 96
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The first tests of supereffective flame inhibitors blended with CO2 have been performed in methane–air laminar co-flow diffusion flames stabilized on a cup burner. The CO2 volume fraction required to extinguish the flames was determined for a range of added catalytic inhibitor volume fractions. When added at low volume fraction, the agents TMT, Fe(CO)5, and MMT were effective at reducing the volume of CO2 required to extinguish the flames, with performance relative to CF3Br of 2, 4, and 8, respectively. This performance advantage of the metallic compounds is less than that determined in premixed or counterflow diffusion flames. Further, as the volume fraction of each metallic catalytic inhibitor was increased, the effectiveness diminished rapidly. The greatly reduced marginal effectiveness is believed to be caused by loss of active gas-phase species to condensed-phase particles. Laser-scattering measurements in flames with Fe(CO)5/CO2 blends detected particles both inside and outside (but not coincident with) the visible flame location for measurement points above the stabilization region. For Fe(CO)5 addition to the air stream at 450 μL/L, the peak scattering cross section for vertically polarized light was 1660 times the value for room-temperature air. The first detailed numerical modeling studies were also performed for methane–air cup-burner flames with CO2 and Fe(CO)5 added to the oxidizer stream and are used to interpret the experimental results. The role of particles was also illustrated by the numerical results, which showed that significant levels of supersaturation exist in the flame for several of the important iron-containing intermediates. This particle formation is favored in the lower temperature stabilization region of the cup-burner flames, as compared to the higher relevant temperatures of previously described counterflow diffusion flames. The results of this study indicate that the appropriate flame configuration for evaluating the effectiveness of some fire suppression agents must be carefully considered, since in those cases, different flame configurations can switch the relative performance of an agent by an order of magnitude. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIRE prevention
KW  - FLAME
KW  - FIRE testing
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - Cup burner
KW  - Diffusion flames
KW  - Fire suppression
KW  - Flame inhibition
KW  - Flame structure
KW  - Halon replacements
KW  - Nanoparticles
KW  - Organometallics
N1  - Accession Number: 13563721; Linteris, G.T. 1; Email Address: linteris@nist.gov Katta, V.R. 2 Takahashi, F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Fire Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr. Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA  2: Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440-3638, USA  3: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 138 Issue 1/2, p78; Subject Term: FIRE prevention; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: FIRE testing; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cup burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halon replacements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organometallics; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Working, Dennis C.
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Lillehei, Peter T.
AU  - Rouse, Jason H.
AU  - Topping, Crystal C.
AU  - Bhattacharyya, Arup R.
AU  - Kumar, Satish
T1  - Melt processing of SWCNT-polyimide nanocomposite fibers
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 439
EP  - 446
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Melt processing of SWCNT/Ultem nanocomposite fibers was demonstrated for fibers containing up to 1 wt% SWCNTs. High-resolution electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used to evaluate the quality of SWCNT dispersion. SWCNT alignment in the fiber direction was induced by shear forces present during the melt extrusion and fiber drawing processes. This alignment resulted in significantly higher tensile moduli and yield stress in SWCNT/Ultem nanocomposite fibers relative to unoriented nanocomposite films having the same SWCNT concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRUSION process
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - THIN films
KW  - Carbon nanotube/polyimide nanocomposites
N1  - Accession Number: 13064965; Siochi, Emilie J. 1; Email Address: e.j.siochi@larc.nasa.gov Working, Dennis C. 1 Park, Cheol 2 Lillehei, Peter T. 1 Rouse, Jason H. 2 Topping, Crystal C. 1 Bhattacharyya, Arup R. 3 Kumar, Satish 3; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: School of Polymer, Textile and Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p439; Subject Term: EXTRUSION process; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: THIN films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube/polyimide nanocomposites; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2003.09.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herwitz, S.R.
AU  - Johnson, L.F.
AU  - Dunagan, S.E.
AU  - Higgins, R.G.
AU  - Sullivan, D.V.
AU  - Zheng, J.
AU  - Lobitz, B.M.
AU  - Leung, J.G.
AU  - Gallmeyer, B.A.
AU  - Aoyagi, M.
AU  - Slye, R.E.
AU  - Brass, J.A.
T1  - Imaging from an unmanned aerial vehicle: agricultural surveillance and decision support
JO  - Computers & Electronics in Agriculture
JF  - Computers & Electronics in Agriculture
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 61
SN  - 01681699
AB  - In September 2002, NASA’s solar-powered Pathfinder-Plus unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was used to conduct a proof-of-concept mission in US national airspace above the 1500 ha plantation of the Kauai Coffee Company in Hawaii. While in national airspace, the transponder-equipped UAV was supervised by regional air traffic controllers and treated like a conventionally piloted aircraft. High resolution color and multispectral imaging payloads, both drawing from the aircraft’s solar power system, were housed in exterior-mounted environmental pressure pods. A local area network (LAN) using unlicensed radio frequency was used for camera control and downlink of image data at rates exceeding 5 Mbit s-1. A wide area network (WAN) allowed a project investigator stationed on the US mainland to uplink control commands during part of the mission. Images were available for enhancing, printing, and interpretation within minutes of collection. The color images were useful for mapping invasive weed outbreaks and for revealing irrigation and fertilization anomalies. Multispectral imagery was related to mature fruit harvest from certain fields with significant fruit display on the tree canopy exterior. During 4 h “loitering” above the plantation, ground-based pilots were able to precisely navigate the UAV along pre-planned flightlines, and also perform spontaneous maneuvers under the direction of the project scientist for image collection in cloud-free zones. Despite the presence of ground-obscuring cumulus cloud cover of ca. 70% during the image collection period, the UAV’s maneuvering capability ultimately enabled collection of cloud-free imagery throughout most of the plantation. The mission demonstrated the capability of a slow-flying UAV, equipped with downsized imaging systems and line-of-sight telemetry, to monitor a localized agricultural region for an extended time period. The authors suggest that evolving long-duration (weeks to months) UAVs stand to make a valuable future contribution to regional agricultural resource monitoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Electronics in Agriculture is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AGRICULTURE
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - LOCAL area networks (Computer networks)
KW  - IRRIGATION
KW  - Coffee
KW  - Fertigation
KW  - Local area network
KW  - Multispectral imaging
KW  - Pathfinder-Plus UAV
KW  - Ripeness monitoring
KW  - Unmanned aerial vehicle
KW  - Weed mapping
N1  - Accession Number: 13470040; Herwitz, S.R. 1,2; Email Address: sherwitz@mail.arc.nasa.gov Johnson, L.F. 3,4 Dunagan, S.E. 4 Higgins, R.G. 2 Sullivan, D.V. 4 Zheng, J. 3,4 Lobitz, B.M. 3,4 Leung, J.G. 5 Gallmeyer, B.A. 5 Aoyagi, M. 5 Slye, R.E. 4 Brass, J.A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA  2: UAV Applications Center, NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Technology Development Branch, NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p49; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: LOCAL area networks (Computer networks); Subject Term: IRRIGATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coffee; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fertigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Local area network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multispectral imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathfinder-Plus UAV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ripeness monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unmanned aerial vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weed mapping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compag.2004.02.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gorti
AU  - S.
AU  - Forsythe
AU  - E. L.
AU  - Pusey
AU  - M. L.
T1  - Kinetic Roughening and Energetics of Tetragonal Lysozyme Crystal Growth.
JO  - Crystal Growth & Design
JF  - Crystal Growth & Design
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 691
EP  - 699
SN  - 15287483
AB  - Lysozyme crystal growth rates over 5 orders of magnitude in range can be described using a layer-by-layer model in which growth occurs by 2D nucleation on the crystal surface. Upon the basis of the 2D nucleation model of layer growth, the effective barrier for growth was determined to be γ = 1.3 ± 0.3 × 10-13 erg/molecule, corresponding to a barrier of 3.2 ± 0.7 kBT, at 22 °C. For solution supersaturation, ln c/ceq ≥ 1.9 ± 0.2, the nucleation model would not predict or consistently estimate the highest observable crystal growth rates. As such, a kinetic roughening hypothesis in which crystal growth occurs by a continuous mode was implemented for all growth rate data obtained above ln cr/ceq ≥ 2. That is, independent of the solution conditions that vary with buffer pH, temperature, or precipitant concentration, crystal growth occurs by the continuous addition of molecules anywhere on the crystal surface, above a roughening solution supersaturation. The energy barrier, Ec, for the continuous growth process is 6.1 ± 0.4 × 10-13 erg/molecule or 15 ± 1 kBT at 22 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Crystal Growth & Design is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LYSOZYMES
KW  - GLYCOSIDASES
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - NUCLEATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14605058; Gorti S. 1 Forsythe E. L. 1 Pusey M. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, and BAE SYSTEMS, Physical and Biological Sciences Laboratory, NASA/MSFC, Huntsville, Alabama 35812; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p691; Subject Term: LYSOZYMES; Subject Term: GLYCOSIDASES; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gorti
AU  - S.
AU  - Forsythe
AU  - E. L.
AU  - Pusey
AU  - M. L.
T1  - Kinetic Roughening and Energetics of Tetragonal Lysozyme Crystal Growth.
JO  - Crystal Growth & Design
JF  - Crystal Growth & Design
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 691
EP  - 699
SN  - 15287483
AB  - Lysozyme crystal growth rates over 5 orders of magnitude in range can be described using a layer-by-layer model in which growth occurs by 2D nucleation on the crystal surface. Upon the basis of the 2D nucleation model of layer growth, the effective barrier for growth was determined to be γ = 1.3 ± 0.3 × 10-13 erg/molecule, corresponding to a barrier of 3.2 ± 0.7 kBT, at 22 °C. For solution supersaturation, ln c/ceq ≥ 1.9 ± 0.2, the nucleation model would not predict or consistently estimate the highest observable crystal growth rates. As such, a kinetic roughening hypothesis in which crystal growth occurs by a continuous mode was implemented for all growth rate data obtained above ln cr/ceq ≥ 2. That is, independent of the solution conditions that vary with buffer pH, temperature, or precipitant concentration, crystal growth occurs by the continuous addition of molecules anywhere on the crystal surface, above a roughening solution supersaturation. The energy barrier, Ec, for the continuous growth process is 6.1 ± 0.4 × 10-13 erg/molecule or 15 ± 1 kBT at 22 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Crystal Growth & Design is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LYSOZYMES
KW  - GLYCOSIDASES
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - NUCLEATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14605093; Gorti S. 1 Forsythe E. L. 1 Pusey M. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, and BAE SYSTEMS, Physical and Biological Sciences Laboratory, NASA/MSFC, Huntsville, Alabama 35812; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p691; Subject Term: LYSOZYMES; Subject Term: GLYCOSIDASES; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halford, G. R.
AU  - Taylor, C. E.
T1  - SEM HISTORY.
JO  - Experimental Techniques
JF  - Experimental Techniques
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 49
SN  - 07328818
AB  - Profiles engineer and author S. S. Manson.  Awards; Contribution to experimental mechanics.
KW  - ENGINEERS
KW  - AUTHORS
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - MANSON, S. S.
N1  - Accession Number: 14395992; Halford, G. R. 1 Taylor, C. E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Senior Technologist, NASA Glenn Research Center  2: SEM Historian; Source Info: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 28 Issue 4, p11; Subject Term: ENGINEERS; Subject Term: AUTHORS; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 711510 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 711513 Independent writers and authors; People: MANSON, S. S.; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tebbe, P.A.
AU  - Loyalka, S.K.
AU  - Duval, W.M.B.
T1  - Finite element modeling of asymmetric and transient flowfields during physical vapor transport
JO  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
JF  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 40
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1499
EP  - 1519
SN  - 0168874X
AB  - We validate a finite element analysis created in FIDAP for the solution of the complex-coupled equations which describe physical vapor transport (PVT). PVT is a common method used to produce certain types of materials including semiconductors. Experimental and computational evidence suggests that the PVT growth process exhibits both asymmetric and transient oscillatory flowfield behavior. Results demonstrate various transient regimes, each with its own evolution towards an asymmetric flow structure. In addition, oscillatory flowfields which would greatly affect product quality have been numerically captured. Comparisons with theoretical and numerical results indicate that the finite element model is capable of predicting both steady-state asymmetric and transient flowfields which validates the numerical model for these complex flows. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Finite Elements in Analysis & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - VAPOR-plating
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - SYSTEMS engineering
KW  - Materials processing
KW  - Physical vapor transport
KW  - Transient convection
N1  - Accession Number: 13178525; Tebbe, P.A. 1; Email Address: tebbe@tcnj.edu Loyalka, S.K. 2 Duval, W.M.B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ 08628-0718, USA  2: Particulate Systems Research Center, University of Missouri - Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 40 Issue 11, p1499; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: VAPOR-plating; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: SYSTEMS engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Materials processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical vapor transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transient convection; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.finel.2003.09.003
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Hasanyan, Davresh
AU  - R. Ambur, Damodar
T1  - Electromagnetically conducting elastic plates in a magnetic field: modeling and dynamic implications
JO  - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
JF  - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 723
SN  - 00207462
AB  - The basic field equations and boundary conditions necessary for the dynamic approach of electromagnetically conducting flat plates subjected to an external magnetic field are derived.Whereas the structural equations include the geometrical non-linearities of elastic isotropic plates, the electromagnetic equations are used in a linearized form that is obtained from their non-linear counterpart by applying the small disturbance concept. In this context, it was shown that the governing equations involve the bending–stretching coupling arising from both the geometrical non-linear approach of the problem and the inclusion of the Lorentz ponderomotive forces that are reduced to a 2-D plate counterpart.A number of special cases are considered, implications of the external magnetic field on non-linear/linear eigenfrequencies are highlighted, and pertinent conclusions are outlined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIELD theory (Physics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 11041195; Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Hasanyan, Davresh 1 R. Ambur, Damodar 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, USA  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p723; Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0020-7462(03)00023-4
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Theodore, Colin R.
AU  - Tischler, Mark B.
AU  - Colbourne, Jason D.
T1  - Rapid Frequency-Domain Modeling Methods for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Control Applications.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 735
EP  - 743
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Modeling of the flight dynamics of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) poses unique challenges that are not present with manned aircraft. The use of analytical modeling methods based on first principles is often difficult for UAVs because of short design cycles, reduced development costs, and many unconventional designs. Also, without the need to carry a pilot, UAVs are often much smaller and lighter than manned aircraft. The lower weights and inertias result in higher natural frequencies and quicker vehicle responses requiring high bandwidth dynamics models. Frequency-domain system identification is especially well suited to the modeling of UAVs. With the availability of flight hardware early in many UAV programs, dynamic response models of the vehicle can be identified and validated rapidly with flight data. The system identification method also allows for rapid updating of vehicle response models as physical changes are made to the vehicle configuration. The use of frequency-domain system identification in the development and operation of a number of UAV programs is discussed. The example aircraft programs include Northrop Grumman's Fire Scout vertical takeoff unmanned air vehicle demonstrator based on the Schweizer 300 helicopter; the broad-area unmanned responsive resupply operations UAV based on Kámán's twin-rotor K-MAX helicopter; AeroVironment's Pathfinder solar-powered stratospheric research aircraft; Yamaha's R-50 small-scale helicopter; and the class of small-scale ducted fan vehicles developed separately by Allied Aerospace (formerly Micro Craft) and Honeywell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - RESEARCH aircraft
N1  - Accession Number: 14321954; Theodore, Colin R. 1,2,3 Tischler, Mark B. 1,4,5 Colbourne, Jason D. 1,6; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Senior Research Engineer, San Jose State University, Mail Stop 243-11  3: Member, AIAA  4: Flight Control Group Leader, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Mail Stop 243-11  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: Senior Research Engineer, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Research, Development, and Engineering Center, Mail Stop 243-11; Source Info: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p735; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: RESEARCH aircraft; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chandrasekhara, M. S.
AU  - Martin, R. B.
AU  - Tung, C.
T1  - Compressible Dynamic Stall Control Using a Variable Droop Leading Edge Airfoil.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 862
EP  - 869
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The control of compressible dynamic stall using a variable droop leading edge airfoil is described. The leading 25% of a VR-12 airfoil is drooped as it executes sinusoidal pitch oscillations such that the leading portion of the airfoil is always at a low effective incidence to the flow. Airfoil performance data determined for freestream Mach numbers ranging from 0.2 to 0.4, at reduced frequencies from 0 to 0.1, and using unsteady pressure transducer measurements, show that droop reduces the tendency of the airfoil to enter the dynamic stall state. Even when it does, the strength of the dynamic stall vortex is significantly reduced, which is reflected in the 40 to 50% smaller negative peak pitching-moment values, with positive damping of the airfoil. Also, the airfoil drag when the droop is dynamically varied is reduced by up to 75% relative to a nondrooped airfoil, making a strong case for the use of this concept for dynamic stall control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14321967; Chandrasekhara, M. S. 1,2,3 Martin, R. B. 1,4,5 Tung, C. 1,5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Research Professor and Acting Director, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Astronautics, NASA Ames Research Center, M. S. 215-1, Moffett Field, California, 94038-1000  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: Research Scientist, U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, AMCOM  5: Member, AIAA  6: Deputy Branch Chief, U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, AMCOM; Source Info: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p862; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Berger, Marsha J.
T1  - Simulations of Store Separation from an F/A-18 with a Cartesian Method.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 870
EP  - 878
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Coupled computational fluid dynamics with six-degree-of-freedom trajectory predictions using an automated Cartesian method are demonstrated by simulating a GBU-31/Joint Direct Attack Munition store separating from an F/A-18C aircraft. Numerical simulations are performed at two Mach numbers near the sonic speed and compared with flight-test telemetry and photographic-derived data. For both Mach numbers, simulation results using a sequential-static series of flow solutions are contrasted with results using a time-dependent approach. Both numerical approaches show good agreement with the flight-test data through the first 0.25 s of the trajectory. At later times the sequential-static and time-dependent methods diverge, after the store produces peak angular rates; however, both remain close to the flight-test trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 14321968; Murman, Scott M. 1,2; Email Address: smurman@nas.nasa.gov Aftosmis, Michael J. 3,4 Berger, Marsha J. 2,5; Affiliation:  1: ELORET, Moffett Field, California, 94035  2: Member, AIAA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Senior Member, AIAA  5: Courant Institute New York, New York 10012; Source Info: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p870; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Marzocca, Piergiovanni
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Linear/Nonlinear Supersonic Panel Flutter in a High-Temperature Field.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 918
EP  - 924
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An analysis of the flutter and postflutter behavior of infinitely long flat panels in a supersonic/hypersonic flowfield exposed to a high-temperature field is presented. In the approach to the problem, the thermal degradation of thermoelastic characteristics of the material is considered. A third-order piston theory aerodynamic model in conjunction with the yon Kármán nonlinear plate theory is used to obtain the pertinent aerothermoelastic governing equations. The implications of temperature, thermal degradation, and of structural and aerodynamic nonlinearities on the character of the flutter instability boundary are analyzed. As a byproduct, the implications of the temperature on the linearized flutter instability of the system are discussed. The behavior of the structural system in the vicinity of the flutter boundary is studied via the use of an encompassing methodology based on the Lyapunov First Quantity. Numerical illustrations, supplying pertinent information on the implications of the temperature field and of the thermal degradation are presented, and pertinent conclusions are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - TRANSITION temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 14321973; Librescu, Liviu 1,2; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Marzocca, Piergiovanni 3,4; Email Address: piermz@vt.edu Silva, Walter A. 5,6; Email Address: w.a.silva@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0219  2: Professor of Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics  3: Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5725  4: Visiting Assistant Professor, Engineering Science and Mechanics Department  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  6: Senior Research Scientist, Senior Aerospace Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch, Structures and Materials Competency; Source Info: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p918; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: TRANSITION temperature; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mukhopadhyay, V.
AU  - Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, J.
AU  - Kosaka, I.
AU  - Quinn, G.
AU  - Vanderplaats, G. N.
T1  - Analysis, Design, and Optimization of Noncylindrical Fuselage for Blended-Wing-Body Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 925
EP  - 930
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A study toward finding an efficient noncylindrical fuselage configuration for a conceptual blended-wing-body flight vehicle is presented. A simplified two-dimensional beam-column analysis and optimization was used to demonstrate the problem of containing cabin pressure in such flight vehicles. Then a set of detailed finite element models of deep sandwich panel and ribbed shell construction concepts were analyzed and optimized. Generally these constructions with high bending stiffness but without curvature were found to be structurally efficient to a certain extent to withstand internal pressure and resultant compressive loads simultaneously. To attain additional structural efficiency, a set of multibubble fuselage configurations was developed for balancing internal cabin pressure load efficiently, through membrane stress in inner-stiffened shell and intercabin walls. An outer-ribbed shell was designed to prevent buckling due to external resultant compressive loads. Initial results from finite element analysis of a representative fuselage segment, using this stress separation concept, appear to be promising. This concept has some additional advantages. Distortion of aerodynamic surface due to cabin pressure is minimal. Availability of duct space above and below the main fuselage can be used for direct ventilation; these also provide structural redundancy in the event of a pressure leak as well as for improved crashworthiness. These concepts should be developed further to exploit their inherent structural efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - AIR conditioning
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 14321974; Mukhopadhyay, V. 1,2,3; Email Address: v.mukhopadhyay1@nasa.gov Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, J. 1,4,5; Email Address: j.sobieski@larc.nasa.gov Kosaka, I. 6; Email Address: ikosaka@vrand.com Quinn, G. 6; Email Address: quinng@vrand.com Vanderplaats, G. N. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Engineer, Systems Analysis Branch  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: Senior Research Scientist, Analytical and Computational Methods Branch  5: Fellow, AIAA  6: Vanderplaats R&D, Inc., Colorado Springs, Colorado 80906; Source Info: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p925; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: AIR conditioning; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness; Subject Term: PRESSURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karkehabadi, Reza
T1  - Thick Wings in Steady and Unsteady Flows.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul/Aug2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 964
EP  - 967
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Presents a study that investigated the effects of thickness of transport plane wings on the aerodynamic lift and moment.  Analysis of the study; Results of the mathematical methods used in the study; Conclusions.
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14321984; Karkehabadi, Reza 1,2,3; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Staff Engineer, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Materials Department  3: Member, AIAA; Source Info: Jul/Aug2004, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p964; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silva, W.A.
AU  - Bartels, R.E.
T1  - Development of reduced-order models for aeroelastic analysis and flutter prediction using the CFL3Dv6.0 code
JO  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
JF  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 729
EP  - 745
SN  - 08899746
AB  - A reduced-order model (ROM) is developed for aeroelastic analysis using the CFL3D version 6.0 computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code, recently developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. This latest version of the flow solver includes a deforming mesh capability, a modal structural definition for nonlinear aeroelastic analyses, and a parallelization capability that provides a significant increase in computational efficiency. Flutter results for the AGARD 445.6 Wing computed using CFL3D v6.0 are presented, including discussion of associated computational costs. Modal impulse responses of the unsteady aerodynamic system are then computed using the CFL3Dv6 code and transformed into state-space form. Important numerical issues associated with the computation of the impulse responses are presented. The unsteady aerodynamic state-space ROM is then combined with a state-space model of the structure to create an aeroelastic simulation using the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment. The MATLAB/SIMULINK ROM is used to rapidly compute aeroelastic transients including flutter. The ROM shows excellent agreement with the aeroelastic analyses computed using the CFL3Dv6.0 code directly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Fluids & Structures is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13705283; Silva, W.A.; Email Address: walter.a.silva@nasa.gov Bartels, R.E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p729; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.03.004
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Exton, Reginald J.
AU  - Balla, R. Jeffrey
T1  - ArF laser excitation, collisional transfer, and quench-free fluorescence in <f>I2</f>/foreign gas mixtures
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 86
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Fluorescence of <f>I2</f> excited by an ArF excimer laser at <f>193 nm</f> has been studied in the presence of 10 buffer gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, <f>N2</f>, <f>O2</f>, air, <f>CF4</f>, and <f>SF6</f>) over the pressure range from 0 to <f>700 Torr</f>. At low pressure, the fluorescence is dominated by the bound–bound and bound–free (McLennan band) emission for <f>D1Σu+→X1Σg+</f>. With increasing pressure, significant fractions of the D state population are collisionally transferred to the <f>D′</f> state; this results in strong <f>D′3Π2g→A′3Π2u</f> band flourescence at <f>340 nm</f>. A simple four-level model is developed to describe these processes. Quenching and transfer rate coefficients are measured for the 10 gases. With the exception of Xe, <f>O2</f>, and air, which exhibit reactive quenching in addition to collisional quenching, the 340-nm-band fluorescence is resistant to quenching. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - IODINE
KW  - LASERS
KW  - RADIOACTIVITY
KW  - Fluorescence
KW  - Iodine
KW  - Quenching
KW  - Rate coefficients
N1  - Accession Number: 12739649; Exton, Reginald J.; Email Address: r.j.exton@larc.nasa.gov Balla, R. Jeffrey 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Measurement and Diagnostics Branch, Aerodynamics, Aerothermodynamics, and Acoustics Competency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 86 Issue 3, p267; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: IODINE; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iodine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quenching; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rate coefficients; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2003.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anning Cheng
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Golaz, Jean-Christophe
T1  - The Liquid Water Oscillation in Modeling Boundary Layer Cumuli with Third-Order Turbulence Closure Models.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2004/07//7/1/2004
VL  - 61
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1621
EP  - 1629
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - A hierarchy of third-order turbulence closure models are used to simulate boundary layer cumuli in this study. An unrealistically strong liquid water oscillation (LWO) is found in the fully prognostic model, which predicts all third moments. The LWO propagates from cloud base to cloud top with a speed of 1 m s-1. The period of the oscillation is about 1000 s. Liquid water buoyancy (LWB) terms in the third-moment equations contribute to the LWO. The LWO mainly affects the vertical profiles of cloud fraction, mean liquid water mixing ratio, and the fluxes of liquid water potential temperature and total water, but has less impact on the vertical profiles of other second and third moments. In order to minimize the LWO, a moderately large diffusion coefficient and a large turbulent dissipation at its originating level are needed. However, this approach distorts the vertical distributions of cloud fraction and liquid water mixing ratio. A better approach is to parameterize LWB more reasonably. A minimally prognostic model, which diagnoses all third moments except for the vertical velocity, is shown to produce better results, compared to a fully prognostic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - WATER
N1  - Accession Number: 13621557; Anning Cheng 1; Email Address: a.cheng@larc.nasa.gov Kuan-Man Xu 2 Golaz, Jean-Christophe 3; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, and Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: National Research Council, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California; Source Info: 7/1/2004, Vol. 61 Issue 13, p1621; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: WATER; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tzou, H.S.
AU  - Lee, H.-J.
AU  - Arnold, S.M.
T1  - Smart Materials, Precision Sensors/Actuators, Smart Structures, and Structronic Systems.
JO  - Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures
JF  - Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2004/07//Jul-Oct2004
VL  - 11
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 367
EP  - 393
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 15376494
AB  - Many electroactive functional materials have been used in small- and microscale transducers and precision mechatronic control systems for years. It was not until the mid-1980s that scientists started integrating electroactive materials with large-scale structures as in situ sensors and/or actuators, thus introducing the concept of smart materials, smart structures, and structronic systems. This paper provides an overview of present smart materials and their sensor/actuator/structure applications. Fundamental multifield optomagnetopiezoelectric-thermoelastic behaviors and novel transducer technologies applied to complex multifield problems involving elastic, electric, temperature, magnetic, light, and other interactions are emphasized. Material histories, characteristics, material varieties, limitations, sensor/actuator/structure applications, and so forth of piezoelectrics, shape-memory materials, electro- and magnetostrictive materials, electro- and magnetorheological fluids, polyelectrolyte gels, superconductors, pyroelectrics, photostrictive materials, photoferroelectrics, magneto-optical materials, and so forth are thoroughly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - MECHATRONICS
KW  - MATERIALS
N1  - Accession Number: 13396502; Tzou, H.S. 1; Email Address: hstzou@engr.uky.edu Lee, H.-J. 2 Arnold, S.M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, USA  2: Structural Mechanics and Dynamics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, USA  3: Life Prediction Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Source Info: Jul-Oct2004, Vol. 11 Issue 4/5, p367; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: MECHATRONICS; Subject Term: MATERIALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saha, S.
AU  - Pachon, M.
AU  - Ghoshal, A.
AU  - Schulz, M.J.
T1  - Finite element modeling and optimization to prevent wire breakage in electro-discharge machining
JO  - Mechanics Research Communications
JF  - Mechanics Research Communications
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 451
SN  - 00936413
AB  - One of the most important problems in wire electrical discharge machining is related to wire breakage. This research develops a simple finite element model and a new approach to predict the thermal distribution in the wire fairly accurately. The model can be used to optimize the different parameters of the system to prevent wire breakage. At any instant of time, the spatial heat distribution profile of the wire can be mapped on the transient analysis of any point on the wire traversing through all the heat zones from the top spool to the bottom end. Based on this principle, the finite element model and optimization algorithm are used to determine that the heat generated is the critical variable responsible for wire breakage. The model successfully predicts the thermal distribution profile accurately for various wire materials, for increased wire velocity and for reduction in heat transfer coefficient. This simple model is a precursor of development for 3-D finite element models that can describe the cross-sectional wire erosion as the workpiece cutting progresses. The modeling may lead to the development of a smart electro-discharge machining system with a sensor and feedback control to increase the cutting speed and minimize breakage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics Research Communications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
KW  - MACHINING
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - WIRE
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - FEM model
KW  - Thermomechanical
KW  - WEDM
KW  - Optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 12962843; Saha, S. 1; Email Address: sanjoy.saha@asu.edu Pachon, M. 2; Email Address: mpachon@lucent.com Ghoshal, A. 3; Email Address: anindo_ghoshal@yahoo.com Schulz, M.J. 4; Email Address: m.j.schulz@uc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  2: Lucent Corporation, 2400 SW 145 Ave, Room 4S-067 Miramar, FL 33027, USA  3: NRC/Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0072, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p451; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Subject Term: MACHINING; Subject Term: HEAT equation; Subject Term: WIRE; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: FEM model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermomechanical; Author-Supplied Keyword: WEDM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: German; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423510 Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2003.09.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiriaco, M.
AU  - Chepfer, H.
AU  - Noel, V.
AU  - Delaval, A.
AU  - Haeffelin, M.
AU  - Dubuisson, P.
AU  - Yang, P.
T1  - Improving Retrievals of Cirrus Cloud Particle Size Coupling Lidar and Three-Channel Radiometric Techniques.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 132
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1684
EP  - 1700
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - This study is intended to illustrate the potential advantage of combining lidar measurements and the split-window technique based on the infrared spectral information contained at the 8.65-, 11.15-, and 12.05-μm bands for inferring the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds. The lidar returns are employed to detect cirrus clouds. The optical properties of nonspherical ice crystals computed from the state-of-the-art scattering computational methods are used for the present forward radiative transfer simulation that fully accounts for both gaseous absorption and multiple scattering processes in the atmosphere. A combination of the radiances at the three infrared (IR) bands with lidar backscatter returns cannot uniquely specify the effective size of ice crystals because of its dependence on the particle aspect ratios. To avoid the shortcoming associated with a potential multivalued retrieval, lidar depolarization observation is used to constrain the specification of the particle aspect ratio in the retrieval implementation based on a precalculated lookup library. The present methodology for inferring the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds is implemented for nine cases by using the measurements from a 532-nm lidar located at the Palaiseau, France, ground-based site and the infrared spectral bands from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra platform. It is shown that the three IR wavelengths are quite complementary in constraining the retrieval of the particle size, leading to a significant advance in comparison with two-channel techniques, whereas the aspect ratio constraint due to lidar depolarization reduces the uncertainty of retrieved particle size by more than 20% for 70% of the cases and more than 65% for 40% of the cloud cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 13719559; Chiriaco, M. 1; Email Address: chiriaco@lmd.polytechnique.fr Chepfer, H. 1 Noel, V. 2 Delaval, A. 3 Haeffelin, M. 3 Dubuisson, P. 4 Yang, P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de M&eacutégie Dynamique, IPSL, Palaiseau, France  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, Palaiseau, France  4: Elico, Wimereux, France  5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 132 Issue 7, p1684; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ng
AU  - H. T.
AU  - Han
AU  - J.
AU  - Yamada
AU  - T.
AU  - Nguyen
AU  - P.
AU  - Chen
AU  - Y. P.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Single Crystal Nanowire Vertical Surround-Gate Field-Effect Transistor.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1247
EP  - 1252
SN  - 15306984
AB  - Harnessing the potential of single crystal inorganic nanowires for practical advanced nanoscale applications requires not only reproducible synthesis of highly regular one-dimensional (1D) nanowire arrays directly on device platforms but also elegant device integration which retains structural integrity of the nanowires while significantly reducing or eliminating complex critical processing steps. Here we demonstrate a unique, direct, and bottom-up integration of a semiconductor 1D nanowire, using zinc oxide (ZnO) as an example, to obtain a vertical surround-gate field-effect transistor (VSG-FET). The vertical device structure and bottom-up integration reduce process complexity, compared to conventional top-down approaches. More significantly, scaling of the vertical channel length is lithographically independent and decoupled from the device packing density. A bottom electrical contact to the nanowire is uniquely provided by a heavily doped underlying lattice-match substrate. Based on the nanowire-integrated platform, both n- and p-channel VSG-FETs are fabricated. The vertical device architecture has the potential for use in tera-level ultrahigh-density nanoscale memory and logic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 14615407; Ng H. T. 1 Han J. 1 Yamada T. 1 Nguyen P. 1 Chen Y. P. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p1247; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ng
AU  - H. T.
AU  - Han
AU  - J.
AU  - Yamada
AU  - T.
AU  - Nguyen
AU  - P.
AU  - Chen
AU  - Y. P.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Single Crystal Nanowire Vertical Surround-Gate Field-Effect Transistor.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1247
EP  - 1252
SN  - 15306984
AB  - Harnessing the potential of single crystal inorganic nanowires for practical advanced nanoscale applications requires not only reproducible synthesis of highly regular one-dimensional (1D) nanowire arrays directly on device platforms but also elegant device integration which retains structural integrity of the nanowires while significantly reducing or eliminating complex critical processing steps. Here we demonstrate a unique, direct, and bottom-up integration of a semiconductor 1D nanowire, using zinc oxide (ZnO) as an example, to obtain a vertical surround-gate field-effect transistor (VSG-FET). The vertical device structure and bottom-up integration reduce process complexity, compared to conventional top-down approaches. More significantly, scaling of the vertical channel length is lithographically independent and decoupled from the device packing density. A bottom electrical contact to the nanowire is uniquely provided by a heavily doped underlying lattice-match substrate. Based on the nanowire-integrated platform, both n- and p-channel VSG-FETs are fabricated. The vertical device architecture has the potential for use in tera-level ultrahigh-density nanoscale memory and logic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 14615443; Ng H. T. 1 Han J. 1 Yamada T. 1 Nguyen P. 1 Chen Y. P. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p1247; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ng
AU  - H. T.
AU  - Han
AU  - J.
AU  - Yamada
AU  - T.
AU  - Nguyen
AU  - P.
AU  - Chen
AU  - Y. P.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Single Crystal Nanowire Vertical Surround-Gate Field-Effect Transistor.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1247
EP  - 1252
SN  - 15306984
AB  - Harnessing the potential of single crystal inorganic nanowires for practical advanced nanoscale applications requires not only reproducible synthesis of highly regular one-dimensional (1D) nanowire arrays directly on device platforms but also elegant device integration which retains structural integrity of the nanowires while significantly reducing or eliminating complex critical processing steps. Here we demonstrate a unique, direct, and bottom-up integration of a semiconductor 1D nanowire, using zinc oxide (ZnO) as an example, to obtain a vertical surround-gate field-effect transistor (VSG-FET). The vertical device structure and bottom-up integration reduce process complexity, compared to conventional top-down approaches. More significantly, scaling of the vertical channel length is lithographically independent and decoupled from the device packing density. A bottom electrical contact to the nanowire is uniquely provided by a heavily doped underlying lattice-match substrate. Based on the nanowire-integrated platform, both n- and p-channel VSG-FETs are fabricated. The vertical device architecture has the potential for use in tera-level ultrahigh-density nanoscale memory and logic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - ZINC oxide
N1  - Accession Number: 14615479; Ng H. T. 1 Han J. 1 Yamada T. 1 Nguyen P. 1 Chen Y. P. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p1247; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: ZINC oxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ye
AU  - Q.
AU  - Cassell
AU  - A. M.
AU  - Liu
AU  - H.
AU  - Chao
AU  - K.-J.
AU  - Han
AU  - J.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Large-Scale Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Probe Tips for Atomic Force Microscopy Critical Dimension Imaging Applications.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1301
EP  - 1308
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We report an innovative approach that combines nanopatterning and nanomaterials synthesis with traditional silicon micromachining technologies for large-scale fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) probe tips for atomic force microscopy imaging applications. Our batch fabrication process has produced 244 CNT probe tips per 4-in. wafer with control over the CNT location, diameter, length, orientation, and crystalline morphology. CNT probe tips with diameters ranging between 40 and 80 nm and lengths between 2 and 6 μm are found to be functional probe tips with no need for shortening. This reliable and true bottom-up wafer scale integration and fabrication process provides a new class of high performance nanoprobes. Preliminary AFM imaging results show that the CNT probe tips are strong, wear-resistant, and capable of high-resolution and critical-dimension imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - IMAGING systems
N1  - Accession Number: 14615417; Ye Q. 1 Cassell A. M. 1 Liu H. 1 Chao K.-J. 1 Han J. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center For Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, Integrated Nanosystems, Inc., NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Charles Evans & Associates, 810 Kifer Road, Sunnyvale, California 94086; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p1301; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ye
AU  - Q.
AU  - Cassell
AU  - A. M.
AU  - Liu
AU  - H.
AU  - Chao
AU  - K.-J.
AU  - Han
AU  - J.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Large-Scale Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Probe Tips for Atomic Force Microscopy Critical Dimension Imaging Applications.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1301
EP  - 1308
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We report an innovative approach that combines nanopatterning and nanomaterials synthesis with traditional silicon micromachining technologies for large-scale fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) probe tips for atomic force microscopy imaging applications. Our batch fabrication process has produced 244 CNT probe tips per 4-in. wafer with control over the CNT location, diameter, length, orientation, and crystalline morphology. CNT probe tips with diameters ranging between 40 and 80 nm and lengths between 2 and 6 μm are found to be functional probe tips with no need for shortening. This reliable and true bottom-up wafer scale integration and fabrication process provides a new class of high performance nanoprobes. Preliminary AFM imaging results show that the CNT probe tips are strong, wear-resistant, and capable of high-resolution and critical-dimension imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - IMAGING systems
N1  - Accession Number: 14615453; Ye Q. 1 Cassell A. M. 1 Liu H. 1 Chao K.-J. 1 Han J. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center For Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, Integrated Nanosystems, Inc., NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Charles Evans & Associates, 810 Kifer Road, Sunnyvale, California 94086; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p1301; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ye
AU  - Q.
AU  - Cassell
AU  - A. M.
AU  - Liu
AU  - H.
AU  - Chao
AU  - K.-J.
AU  - Han
AU  - J.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Large-Scale Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Probe Tips for Atomic Force Microscopy Critical Dimension Imaging Applications.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1301
EP  - 1308
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We report an innovative approach that combines nanopatterning and nanomaterials synthesis with traditional silicon micromachining technologies for large-scale fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) probe tips for atomic force microscopy imaging applications. Our batch fabrication process has produced 244 CNT probe tips per 4-in. wafer with control over the CNT location, diameter, length, orientation, and crystalline morphology. CNT probe tips with diameters ranging between 40 and 80 nm and lengths between 2 and 6 μm are found to be functional probe tips with no need for shortening. This reliable and true bottom-up wafer scale integration and fabrication process provides a new class of high performance nanoprobes. Preliminary AFM imaging results show that the CNT probe tips are strong, wear-resistant, and capable of high-resolution and critical-dimension imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - IMAGING systems
N1  - Accession Number: 14615489; Ye Q. 1 Cassell A. M. 1 Liu H. 1 Chao K.-J. 1 Han J. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center For Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, Integrated Nanosystems, Inc., NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Charles Evans & Associates, 810 Kifer Road, Sunnyvale, California 94086; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 4 Issue 7, p1301; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bugos, Glenn E.
T1  - Chasing the Silver Bullet: U.S. Air Force Weapons Development From Vietnam to Desert Storm.
JO  - Technology & Culture
JF  - Technology & Culture
Y1  - 2004/07//
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 630
EP  - 631
SN  - 0040165X
AB  - Reviews the book "Chasing the Silver Bullet: U.S. Air Force Weapons Development From Vietnam to Desert Storm," by Kenneth P. Werrell.
KW  - AIR forces
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - WERRELL, Kenneth P.
KW  - CHASING the Silver Bullet: US Air Force Weapons Development From Vietnam to Desert Storm (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 16099400; Bugos, Glenn E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Principal historian, Prologue Group and with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p630; Subject Term: AIR forces; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: CHASING the Silver Bullet: US Air Force Weapons Development From Vietnam to Desert Storm (Book); People: WERRELL, Kenneth P.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moran, Thomas G.
AU  - Davila, Joseph M.
T1  - Three-Dimensional Polarimetric Imaging of Coronal MassEjections.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/07/02/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5680
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 70
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We present three-dimensional reconstructions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which were obtained through polarization analysis of single-view images recorded with the use of the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) C2 coronagraph on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) spacecraft. Analysis of a loop-like CME shows a complex three-dimensional structure centered at 40° from the plane of the sky, moving radially at 250 kilometers/second. Reconstruction of two halo CMEs suggests that these events are expanding loop arcades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CORONAL mass ejections
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SOLAR cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 13737773; Moran, Thomas G. 1,2; Email Address: moran@morpheus.nascom.nasa.gov Davila, Joseph M. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Coddard Space Flight Center, Code 682.3, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA.  2: Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA.; Source Info: 7/2/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5680, p66; Subject Term: CORONAL mass ejections; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4225
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, M.
AU  - Karan, N. K.
AU  - Katiyar, R. S.
AU  - Bhalla, A. S.
AU  - Miranda, F. A.
AU  - Van Keuls, F. W.
T1  - Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 thin films for high-frequency phase shifter applications.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/07/12/
VL  - 85
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 275
EP  - 277
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Pb0.3Sr0.7TiO3 (PST30) thin films were synthesized on platinized silicon (Pt/Si) and lanthanum aluminate (LAO) substrates using chemical solution deposition technique. The films on LAO substrate were highly (100) oriented, whereas the films on Pt/Si substrate were polycrystalline. The low dielectric loss in the PST30/LAO films makes them attractive for fabricating tunable dielectric devices. An eight-element coupled microstrip phase shifter was fabricated on PST30/LAO film and tested in the frequency range ∼15–17 GHz. The maximum figure of merit (κ=phase shift per dB loss) of ∼56°/dB was obtained for PST30 film, which was better than commonly observed value in pure barium strontium titanate films. This makes PST30 a potential candidate material for further investigations for microwave applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SILICON
KW  - LANTHANUM
KW  - BARIUM
KW  - STRONTIUM
KW  - TITANATES
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
N1  - Accession Number: 13719728; Jain, M. 1 Karan, N. K. 1 Katiyar, R. S. 1; Email Address: rkatiyar@rrpac.upr.clu.edu Bhalla, A. S. 2 Miranda, F. A. 3 Van Keuls, F. W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931  2: Materials Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802  3: NASA, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: The Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142; Source Info: 7/12/2004, Vol. 85 Issue 2, p275; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: LANTHANUM; Subject Term: BARIUM; Subject Term: STRONTIUM; Subject Term: TITANATES; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1771459
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lim, Young-Il
AU  - Chang, Sin-Chung
AU  - Jørgensen, Sten Bay
T1  - A novel partial differential algebraic equation (PDAE) solver: iterative space–time conservation element/solution element (CE/SE) method
JO  - Computers & Chemical Engineering
JF  - Computers & Chemical Engineering
Y1  - 2004/07/15/
VL  - 28
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1309
EP  - 1324
SN  - 00981354
AB  - For solving partial differential algebraic equations (PDAEs), the space–time conservation element/solution element (CE/SE) method is addressed in this study. The method of lines (MOL) using an implicit time integrator is compared with the CE/SE method in terms of computational efficiency, solution accuracy and stability. The space–time CE/SE method is successfully implemented to solve PDAE systems through combining an iteration procedure for nonlinear algebraic equations. For illustration, chromatographic adsorption problems including convection, diffusion and reaction terms with a linear or nonlinear adsorption isotherm are solved by the two methods.The CE/SE method enforces both local and global flux conservation in space and time, and uses a simple stencil structure (two points at the previous time level and one point at the present time level). Thus, accurate and computationally-efficient numerical solutions are obtained. Stable solutions are guaranteed if the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition is satisfied. Solutions to two case studies demonstrate that the CE/SE numerical solutions are comparative in accuracy to those obtained from a MOL discretized by the 5th-order weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) upwinding scheme with a significantly shorter calculation time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Chemical Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGEBRA -- Graphic methods
KW  - HYPERSPACE
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Chromatographic adsorption problem
KW  - Method of lines (MOL)
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Partial differential algebraic equations (PDAEs)
KW  - Protein ion-exchange separation
KW  - Space–time CE/SE method
N1  - Accession Number: 13064834; Lim, Young-Il 1; Email Address: lim@kt.dtu.dk Chang, Sin-Chung 2 Jørgensen, Sten Bay 1; Affiliation:  1: Computer-Aided Process Engineering Center (CAPEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark  2: MS 5-11, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 28 Issue 8, p1309; Subject Term: ALGEBRA -- Graphic methods; Subject Term: HYPERSPACE; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chromatographic adsorption problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Method of lines (MOL); Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partial differential algebraic equations (PDAEs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Protein ion-exchange separation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space–time CE/SE method; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2003.09.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ranasinghe, K.S.
AU  - Wei, P.F.
AU  - Kelton, K.F.
AU  - Ray, C.S.
AU  - Day, D.E.
T1  - Verification of an analytical method for measuring crystal nucleation rates in glasses from DTA data
JO  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
JF  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Y1  - 2004/07/15/
VL  - 337
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 261
EP  - 267
SN  - 00223093
AB  - A recently proposed analytical (DTA) method for estimating the nucleation rates in glasses has been evaluated by comparing experimental data with numerically computed nucleation rates for a model lithium disilicate glass. The time and temperature dependent nucleation rates were predicted using the model and compared with those values extracted from an analysis of numerically calculated DTA curves. The validity of the numerical approach was demonstrated earlier by a comparison with experimental data. The excellent agreement between the nucleation rates from the model calculations and the computer generated DTA data demonstrates the validity of the proposed analytical DTA method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLASS
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 13624518; Ranasinghe, K.S. 1; Email Address: ksranasinghe@yahoo.com Wei, P.F. 2 Kelton, K.F. 3 Ray, C.S. 4 Day, D.E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Materials Research Center, University of Missouri – Rolla, MO 45609-1140, USA  2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA  3: Department of Physics, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA  4: Marshall Space and Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  5: Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of Missouri – Rolla, MO 45609-1140, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 337 Issue 3, p261; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.04.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li
AU  - C.
AU  - Ly
AU  - J.
AU  - Lei
AU  - B.
AU  - Fan
AU  - W.
AU  - Zhang
AU  - D.
AU  - Han
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
AU  - Thompson
AU  - Zhou
T1  - Data Storage Studies on Nanowire Transistors with Self-Assembled Porphyrin Molecules.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/07/15/
VL  - 108
IS  - 28
M3  - Article
SP  - 9646
EP  - 9649
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Detailed memory studies have been carried out based on In2O3 nanowires coated with self-assembled monolayers of porphyrins. Devices with redox-active Co-chelated porphyrin coatings exhibited prominent memory effects, where the bit was represented by the charge stored in the molecules and the nanowire conductance was used as the readout. These devices exhibited reliable operation with on/off ratios of ~104 and were electronically programmable and erasable. Temperature-dependent retention measurements revealed a thermal activation behavior with a barrier of 264 meV. While devices with Co-porphyrin coatings showed efficient memory operation, analogous protio porphyrin coated nanowire devices exhibited no memory effects. A largely metal-centered oxidation (e.g., Co2+/3+) appears to be important for achieving a memory effect in these devices. Our results have convincingly established a direct correlation between the molecular structure and the observed memory effect, and further in-depth studies may eventually lead to systems useful for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - PORPHYRINS
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
N1  - Accession Number: 14639162; Li C. 1 Ly J. 1 Lei B. 1 Fan W. 1 Zhang D. 1 Han Meyyappan M. 1 Thompson Zhou; Affiliation:  1: Departments of E.E.-Electrophysics and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, and Center for Nanotechnology, MS 229-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 108 Issue 28, p9646; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: PORPHYRINS; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li
AU  - C.
AU  - Ly
AU  - J.
AU  - Lei
AU  - B.
AU  - Fan
AU  - W.
AU  - Zhang
AU  - D.
AU  - Han
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
AU  - Thompson
AU  - Zhou
T1  - Data Storage Studies on Nanowire Transistors with Self-Assembled Porphyrin Molecules.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/07/15/
VL  - 108
IS  - 28
M3  - Article
SP  - 9646
EP  - 9649
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Detailed memory studies have been carried out based on In2O3 nanowires coated with self-assembled monolayers of porphyrins. Devices with redox-active Co-chelated porphyrin coatings exhibited prominent memory effects, where the bit was represented by the charge stored in the molecules and the nanowire conductance was used as the readout. These devices exhibited reliable operation with on/off ratios of ~104 and were electronically programmable and erasable. Temperature-dependent retention measurements revealed a thermal activation behavior with a barrier of 264 meV. While devices with Co-porphyrin coatings showed efficient memory operation, analogous protio porphyrin coated nanowire devices exhibited no memory effects. A largely metal-centered oxidation (e.g., Co2+/3+) appears to be important for achieving a memory effect in these devices. Our results have convincingly established a direct correlation between the molecular structure and the observed memory effect, and further in-depth studies may eventually lead to systems useful for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - PORPHYRINS
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - SURFACE coatings
N1  - Accession Number: 14639255; Li C. 1 Ly J. 1 Lei B. 1 Fan W. 1 Zhang D. 1 Han Meyyappan M. 1 Thompson Zhou; Affiliation:  1: Departments of E.E.-Electrophysics and Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, and Center for Nanotechnology, MS 229-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 108 Issue 28, p9646; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: PORPHYRINS; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, Ellis E.
AU  - Gordley, Larry L.
AU  - Marshall, B. Thomas
AU  - Thompson, R. Earl
AU  - Burton, John
AU  - Bhatt, Praful
AU  - Harvey, V. Lynn
AU  - Lingenfelser, Gretchen
AU  - Natarajan, Murali
T1  - The Nimbus 7 LIMS version 6 radiance conditioning and temperature retrieval methods and results
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2004/07/15/
VL  - 86
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) experiment operated for just over 7 months in 1978/1979, as planned. Its version 5 (V5) dataset was archived for public use in 1983. Subsequently, several important improvements were realized about the LIMS instrument, its forward radiance model, and the line parameters (from HITRAN 92 or 96) for the gases that emit in its broadband spectral channels. In addition, the orbital attitude knowledge for LIMS was refined by comparing the slopes of the observed radiance profiles from its two <f>CO2</f> channels within the upper stratosphere through lower mesosphere. This approach also overcomes the usual requirement for absolute radiance calibrations in flight. The band model approximations employed for <f>CO2</f> and interfering <f>O3</f> and based on HITRAN for the 15-<f>μm</f> region are adequate for accurate retrievals of temperature versus pressure profiles <f>T(p)</f>. Consequently, a reprocessed or Version 6 (V6) profile dataset was generated using these improved radiance conditioning methods (or Level 1) and the <f>T(p)</f> retrieval algorithm (or Level 2), and those updates are described briefly. In particular, the approach for V6 used all the radiance data (<f>0.375 km</f> vertical spacing), and the V6 retrievals are based on all the measured radiance profiles along an orbit. Precision and accuracy of the V6 <f>T(p)</f> data are improved over that for V5, most noticeably in the mesosphere. Profiles of geopotential height have also been generated as part of the V6 dataset from which one can analyze its horizontal gradients for the wind fields and higher dynamical quantities, rather than mapping the temperature fields first. The entire LIMS V6 profile dataset was archived at the NASA Goddard Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) in September 2002. The high quality of these V6 data demonstrates more fully the promise of the broadband, limb-infrared remote sensing technique for operational measurements of middle atmosphere <f>T(p)</f> from Earth-orbiting satellites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Infrared limb-sounder
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 12836621; Remsberg, Ellis E. 1; Email Address: e.e.remsberg@larc.nasa.gov Gordley, Larry L. 2 Marshall, B. Thomas 2 Thompson, R. Earl 2 Burton, John 2 Bhatt, Praful 3 Harvey, V. Lynn 3 Lingenfelser, Gretchen 3 Natarajan, Murali 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences Research, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: GATS, Incorporated, USA  3: SAIC, Incorporated, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 86 Issue 4, p395; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared limb-sounder; Author-Supplied Keyword: Middle atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2003.12.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heung S. Kim
AU  - Anindya Ghoshal
AU  - Aditi Chattopadhyay
AU  - William H. Prosser
T1  - Development of Embedded Sensor Models in Composite Laminates for Structural Health Monitoring.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2004/07/15/
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1207
EP  - 1240
AB  - A framework is developed to study the transient analysis of composite laminated plates with embedded discrete and continuous sensors in the presence of delaminations. The computational modeling involves development of a finite element scheme using an improved layerwise laminate theory to model laminates of arbitrary thickness. Parametric studies are conducted using laminated plates with both embedded sensors and continuous sensor architecture. The response of the plates under both low-frequency vibration and high-frequency acoustic emission are investigated. The effects on plate displacement and sensor outputs due to delaminations are studied. The scattering of the acoustic emission caused by the presence of delaminations is also investigated. It is expected that the developed model would be a useful tool in simulation studies aimed at characterizing the presence of delaminations in composite laminated structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - PLATE
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
N1  - Accession Number: 14640236; Heung S. Kim 1 Anindya Ghoshal 2 Aditi Chattopadhyay 3 William H. Prosser 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, 3B East Taylor Street, Bldg 1230B/Rm 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA, Email: anindo_ghoshal@yahoo.com  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA  4: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, 3B East Taylor Street, Bldg 1230B/Rm 185, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p1207; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: PLATE; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zijlstra, Albert A.
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Markwick, Andrew J.
AU  - Loidl-Gautschy, Rita
AU  - Tabur, Vello
AU  - Alexander, Kristen D.
AU  - Jacob, Andrew P.
AU  - Kiss, Lászlo L.
AU  - Price, Aaron
AU  - Matsuura, Mikako
AU  - Mattei, Janet A.
T1  - Period and chemical evolution of SC stars.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2004/07/21/
VL  - 352
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 325
EP  - 337
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The SC and CS stars are thermal-pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars with a C/O ratio close to unity. Within this small group, the Mira variable BH Cru recently evolved from spectral type SC (showing ZrO bands) to CS (showing weak C2). Wavelet analysis shows that the spectral evolution was accompanied by a dramatic period increase, from 420 to 540 d, indicating an expanding radius. The pulsation amplitude also increased. Old photographic plates are used to establish that the period before 1940 was around 490 d. Chemical models indicate that the spectral changes were caused by a decrease in stellar temperature, related to the increasing radius. There is no evidence for a change in C/O ratio. The evolution in BH Cru is unlikely to be related to an ongoing thermal pulse. Periods of the other SC and CS stars, including nine new periods, are determined. A second SC star, LX Cyg, also shows evidence for a large increase in period, and one further star shows a period inconsistent with a previous determination. Mira periods may be intrinsically unstable for C/O ≈ 1; possibly because of a feedback between the molecular opacities, pulsation amplitude, and period. LRS spectra of 6 SC stars suggest a feature at , which resembles one recently attributed to the iron-sulphide troilite. Chemical models predict a large abundance of FeS in SC stars, in agreement with the proposed association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GIANT stars
KW  - STARS
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - AGB and post-AGB - stars
KW  - fundamental parameters - stars
KW  - stars
N1  - Accession Number: 13727587; Zijlstra, Albert A. 1; Email Address: a.zijlstra@umist.ac.uk Bedding, Timothy R. 2; Email Address: bedding@physics.usyd.edu.au Markwick, Andrew J. 1,3 Loidl-Gautschy, Rita 4 Tabur, Vello 2 Alexander, Kristen D. 2 Jacob, Andrew P. 2 Kiss, Lászlo L. 2 Price, Aaron 5 Matsuura, Mikako 1 Mattei, Janet A. 1; Affiliation:  1: UMIST, Department of Physics, PO Box 88, Manchester, M60 1QD  2: School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research  Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Basel, Switzerland  5: AAVSO, 25 Birch St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 7/21/2004, Vol. 352 Issue 1, p325; Subject Term: GIANT stars; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: AGB and post-AGB - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: fundamental parameters - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07927.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Ounaies, Zoubeida
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
AU  - Harrison, Joycelyn S.
T1  - In situ poling and imidization of amorphous piezoelectric polyimides
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2004/07/21/
VL  - 45
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5417
EP  - 5425
SN  - 00323861
AB  - An amorphous piezoelectric polyimide containing polar functional groups has been developed using a combination of experimental and molecular modeling for potential use in high temperature applications. This amorphous polyimide, (β-CN)APB/ODPA, has exhibited good thermal stability and piezoelectric response at temperatures up to 150 °C. Density functional calculations predicted that a partially cured amic acid (open imide ring) possesses a dipole moment four times larger than the fully imidized closed ring. In situ poling and imidization of the partially cured (β-CN)APB/ODPA was studied in an attempt to maximize the degree of dipolar orientation and the resultant piezoelectric response. A positive corona poling was used to minimize localized arcing during poling and to allow use of higher poling fields without dielectric breakdown. The dielectric relaxation strength, remanent polarization, and piezoelectric response were evaluated as a function of the poling profile. The partially cured, corona poled polymers exhibited higher dielectric relaxation strength <f>(Δ#x03B5;),</f> remanent polarization <f>(Pr)</f> and piezoelectric strain coefficient <f>(d33)</f> than the fully cured, conventionally poled ones. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - AMIC acids
KW  - Piezoelectricity
KW  - Poling
KW  - Polyimide
N1  - Accession Number: 14102283; Park, Cheol 1; Email Address: c.park@larc.nasa.gov Ounaies, Zoubeida 2 Wise, Kristopher E. 1 Harrison, Joycelyn S. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, NASA Langley Research Center, MS-226, 6-West Taylor St., Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA  3: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center MS-226, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 45 Issue 16, p5417; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: AMIC acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoelectricity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.05.057
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hergenrother, P.M.
AU  - Watson, K.A.
AU  - Smith Jr, J.G.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
AU  - Yokota, R.
T1  - Copolyimides from 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride and pyromellitic dianhydride with 4,4′-oxydianiline
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2004/07/21/
VL  - 45
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5441
EP  - 5449
SN  - 00323861
AB  - A series of copolyimides were prepared via the polyamide acids (polyamic acids) from the reaction of 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (a-BPDA) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) with 4,4′-oxydianiline (4,4′-ODA) at dianhydride molar ratios of 9:1, 7:3, 1:1, 3:7 and 1:9. Homopolymers and a 1:1 polymer blend were also prepared. Films from the 7:3, 1:1 and 3:7 molar ratio polyamide acids reacted for 5–6 h at ambient temperature were brittle, whereas films from the same polyamide acids reacted for 24–48 h at ambient temperature were fingernail creaseable. The difference was apparently due to the initial formation of incompatible block domains that underway randomization upon longer reaction time. The differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) curves of some of the brittle films quenched after heating to 400 °C had two apparent glass transition temperatures <f>(Tgs),</f> indicative of two block domains. The creaseable films quenched after heating to 400 °C had single <f>Tgs.</f> Wide-angle X-ray diffraction showed all films to be amorphous even though the initial DSC curves showed strong endothermic peaks, generally associated with crystalline melts. These strong endotherms near the <f>Tg</f> region were thought to be due to relaxation of regions in the highly stressed films. Films of copolyamide acids from the reaction of 1:1 molar ratios of 3,3′,4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride/a-BPDA and 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride/a-BPDA with 4,4′-ODA reacted for 6 h were fingernail creaseable. The chemistry and the properties of the copolymers are compared with those of the homopolymers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ACIDS
KW  - COPOLYMERS
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride
KW  - Polyimides
KW  - Structure property relationship
N1  - Accession Number: 14102285; Hergenrother, P.M.; Email Address: k.a.watson@larc.nasa.gov Watson, K.A. 1 Smith Jr, J.G. 2 Connell, J.W. 2 Yokota, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Dr, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Japan; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 45 Issue 16, p5441; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ACIDS; Subject Term: COPOLYMERS; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2,3,3′,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structure property relationship; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.06.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eason, Robert G.
AU  - Pourmand, Nader
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Herman, Zelek S.
AU  - Anthony, Kevin
AU  - Jejelowo, Olufisayo
AU  - Davis, Ronald W.
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
T1  - Characterization of synthetic DNA bar codes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene-deletion strains.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/07/27/
VL  - 101
IS  - 30
M3  - Article
SP  - 11046
EP  - 11051
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Incorporation of strain-specific synthetic DNA tags into yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene-deletion strains has enabled identification of gene functions by massively parallel growth rate analysis. However, it is important to confirm the sequences of these tags, because mutations introduced during construction could lead to significant errors in hybridization performance. To validate this experimental system, we sequenced 11,812 synthetic 20-mer molecular bar codes and adjacent sequences (>1.8 mega- bases synthetic DNA) by pyrosequencing and Sanger methods. At least 31 % of the genome-integrated 20-mer tags contain differences from those originally synthesized. However, these mutations result in anomalous hybridization in only a small subset of strains, and the sequence information enables redesign of hybridization probes for arrays. The robust performance of the yeast gene-deletion dual oligonucleotide bar-code design in array hybridization validates the use of molecular bar codes in living cells for tracking their growth phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae
KW  - DNA
KW  - GENES
KW  - BAR codes
KW  - HYBRIDIZATION
KW  - PHENOTYPE
KW  - GENETICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14191417; Eason, Robert G. 1 Pourmand, Nader 1 Tongprasit, Waraporn 2 Herman, Zelek S. 1 Anthony, Kevin 3 Jejelowo, Olufisayo 3 Davis, Ronald W. 1 Stolc, Viktor 4,5; Email Address: vstolc@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Stanford Genome Technology Center, 855 California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304.  2: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94087.  3: Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX 77004.  4: Center for Nanotechnology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  5: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 266 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520.; Source Info: 7/27/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 30, p11046; Subject Term: SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: BAR codes; Subject Term: HYBRIDIZATION; Subject Term: PHENOTYPE; Subject Term: GENETICS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0403672101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Sanuki, T.
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Anraku, K.
AU  - Asaoka, Y.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Imori, M.
AU  - Itasaki, A.
AU  - Maeno, T.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Matsui, N.
AU  - Matsumoto, H.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, S.
AU  - Ormes, J.F.
AU  - Sasaki, M.
T1  - Measurements of primary and atmospheric cosmic-ray spectra with the BESS-TeV spectrometer
JO  - Physics Letters B
JF  - Physics Letters B
Y1  - 2004/07/29/
VL  - 594
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 46
SN  - 03702693
AB  - Primary and atmospheric cosmic-ray spectra were precisely measured with the BESS-TeV spectrometer. The spectrometer was upgraded from BESS-98 to achieve seven times higher resolution in momentum measurement. We report absolute fluxes of primary protons and helium nuclei in the energy ranges, 1–540 GeV and 1–250 GeV<f>/n</f>, respectively, and absolute flux of atmospheric muons in the momentum range 0.6–400 GeV<f>/c</f>. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physics Letters B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - NEUTRINOS
KW  - NEUTRINO astrophysics
KW  - NEUTRONS
KW  - Atmospheric muon
KW  - Atmospheric neutrino
KW  - Cosmic-ray helium
KW  - Cosmic-ray proton
KW  - Superconducting spectrometer
N1  - Accession Number: 13624445; Haino, S. 1; Email Address: haino@icepp.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Sanuki, T. 1 Abe, K. 2 Anraku, K. 1 Asaoka, Y. 1 Fuke, H. 3 Imori, M. 1 Itasaki, A. 2 Maeno, T. 2 Makida, Y. 3 Matsuda, S. 1 Matsui, N. 1 Matsumoto, H. 1 Mitchell, J.W. 4 Moiseev, A.A. 4 Nishimura, J. 1 Nozaki, M. 2 Orito, S. 1 Ormes, J.F. 4 Sasaki, M. 4; Affiliation:  1: The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  3: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 594 Issue 1/2, p35; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: NEUTRINOS; Subject Term: NEUTRINO astrophysics; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric muon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric neutrino; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray helium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray proton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconducting spectrometer; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physletb.2004.05.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leventis
AU  - N.
AU  - Meador
AU  - M. A. B.
AU  - Zhang
AU  - G.
AU  - Dass
AU  - A.
AU  - Sotiriou-Leventis
AU  - C.
T1  - Multiple Substitution Effects and Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Free-Energy Relationships in the Electrochemical Reduction of the N,N-Dibenzyl Viologen and the 4-Benzoyl-N-benzylpyridinium Cation.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/07/30/
VL  - 108
IS  - 30
M3  - Article
SP  - 11228
EP  - 11235
SN  - 15206106
AB  - The simultaneous effect of two substituents on the redox potentials, E1/2's, of N,N-di(p-substituted benzyl)viologens (1-X,Y) and of 4-(p-substituted benzoyl)-N-(p-substituted benzyl) pyridinium cations (2-X,Y), was investigated in terms of the substituent constants, σp-Xand σp-Y. Systems 1-X,Y and 2-X,Y were chosen because they both undergo successive outer sphere one electron (1-e) reductions, and therefore there is no ambiguity regarding the mechanism or the rate-determining step. Substituents (X and Y) were chosen among the -NO2, -Br, and -OCH3 groups in six different combinations for 1-X,Y's and nine different ones for 2-X,Y's. Response surfaces are essentially three-dimensional Hammett plots. Statistical analysis according to a quadratic model derived from the Taylor series expansion of the general extrathermodynamic relationship E1/2 = F(σp-X,σp-Y) that describes the dependence of E1/2's on the substituent constants shows that the substitution effect is not additive. Quite strong nonlinear terms appear when substituents can interact through resonance with a site involved in the electron-transfer process. This, for example, is the case for the second -e reduction of 2-X,Y's. Other significant nonlinear effects are attributed to stereoelectronic effects in combination with the high polarizability of π-electrons. Our results have important implications on our ability to predict the effect of tuning of the redox potential of redox-active species through substitution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GIBBS' free energy
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
N1  - Accession Number: 14640935; Leventis N. 1 Meador M. A. B. 1 Zhang G. 1 Dass A. 1 Sotiriou-Leventis C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, and Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409; Source Info: Jul2004, Vol. 108 Issue 30, p11228; Subject Term: GIBBS' free energy; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matney, M.J.
T1  - Toward a comprehensive GEO debris measurement strategy
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3-9
M3  - Article
SP  - 291
EP  - 298
SN  - 00945765
AB  - In recent years there has been increasing interest in the effects of orbital debris on the Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) environment. This region has great economic importance that is only expected to grow stronger in the foreseeable future. The lifetime of any debris created is very long, so that there is no effective sink to remove the debris in a timely manner. Considerable resources have been brought to bear to understand the current debris environment at GEO. A number of optical telescopes in different countries are now systematically making observations of this region specifically to understand the debris population. We are now at a stage where we can begin to answer specific questions about orbital debris in these orbits, but what are these questions? Are we asking the right questions? Are the observations we are pursuing answering the most important questions? Are there changes needed in the observation techniques to better address the most important issues? Are there changes needed in the types of instruments to answer the most important questions? This paper will outline the broad questions that GEO observations should be designed to answer. I will discuss how observations so far have begun to answer those questions and where they need to concentrate in the future. This will include discussions of the benefits and limitations of the statistical sampling methodology versus the cataloguing methodology. I hope to provide a framework for future observations that will be of benefit to all GEO users. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - ORBIT
N1  - Accession Number: 14034400; Matney, M.J. 1; Email Address: mark.matney-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 55 Issue 3-9, p291; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: ORBIT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jules, Kenol
AU  - McPherson, Kevin
AU  - Hrovat, Kenneth
AU  - Kelly, Eric
AU  - Reckart, Timothy
T1  - A status report on the characterization of the microgravity environment of the International Space Station
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3-9
M3  - Article
SP  - 335
EP  - 364
SN  - 00945765
AB  - A primary objective of the International Space Station is to provide a long-term quiescent environment for the conduct of scientific research for a variety of microgravity science disciplines. Since continuous human presence on the space station began in November 2000 through the end of Increment-6, over <f>1260 hours</f> of crew time have been allocated to research. However, far more research time has been accumulated by experiments controlled on the ground. By the end of the time period covered by this paper (end of Increment-6), the total experiment hours performed on the station are well over <f>100 000 hours</f> (Expedition 6 Press Kit: Station Begins Third Year of Human Occupation, Boeing/USA/NASA, October 25, 2002).This paper presents the results of the on-going effort by the Principal Investigator Microgravity Services project, at NASA Glenn Research Center, in Cleveland, Ohio, to characterize the microgravity environment of the International Space Station in order to keep the microgravity scientific community apprised of the reduced gravity environment provided by the station for the performance of space experiments. This paper focuses on the station microgravity environment for Increments 5 and 6. During that period over <f>580 Gbytes</f> of acceleration data were collected, out of which over <f>34 790 hours</f> were analyzed. The results presented in this paper are divided into two sections: quasi-steady and vibratory. For the quasi-steady analysis, over <f>7794 hours</f> of acceleration data were analyzed, while over <f>27 000 hours</f> were analyzed for the vibratory analysis. The results of the data analysis are presented in this paper in the form of a grand summary for the period under consideration. For the quasi-steady acceleration response, results are presented in the form of a 95% confidence interval for the station during “normal microgravity mode operations” for the following three attitudes: local vertical local horizontal, <f>X</f>-axis perpendicular to the orbit plane and the Russian torque equilibrium attitude. The same analysis was performed for the station during “non-microgravity mode operations” to assess the station quasi-steady acceleration environment over a long period of time. The same type of analysis was performed for the vibratory, but a 95th percentile benchmark was used, which shows the overall acceleration magnitude during Increments 5 and 6. The results, for both quasi-steady and vibratory acceleration response, show that the station is not yet meeting the microgravity requirements during the microgravity mode operations. However, it should be stressed that the requirements apply only at assembly complete, whereas the results presented below apply up to the station''s configuration at the end of Increment-6. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - GRAVITATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14034404; Jules, Kenol 1 McPherson, Kevin 1 Hrovat, Kenneth 2 Kelly, Eric 2 Reckart, Timothy 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-7, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA  2: ZIN Technologies, Inc., Mail Stop 77-7, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 55 Issue 3-9, p335; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: GRAVITATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.057
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pellis, Neal R.
AU  - North, Regina M.
T1  - Recent NASA research accomplishments aboard the ISS
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3-9
M3  - Article
SP  - 589
EP  - 598
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The activation of the US Laboratory Module “Destiny” on the International Space Station (ISS) in February 2001 launched a new era in microgravity research. Destiny provides the environment to conduct long-term microgravity research utilizing human intervention to assess, report, and modify experiments real time. As the only available pressurized space platform, ISS maximizes today''s scientific resources and substantially increases the opportunity to obtain much longed-for answers on the effects of microgravity and long-term exposure to space. In addition, it evokes unexpected questions and results while experiments are still being conducted, affording time for changes and further investigation.While building and outfitting the ISS is the main priority during the current ISS assembly phase, seven different space station crews have already spent more than 2000 crew hours on approximately 80 scientific investigations, technology development activities, and educational demonstrations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 14034426; Pellis, Neal R. 1; Email Address: neal.r.pellis-1@nasa.gov North, Regina M. 2; Email Address: regina.northI@jsc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Office of Biological and Physical Research (OBPR), International Space Station (ISS), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA  2: Office of the ISS Research Program Scientist, International Space Station (ISS), USRA/NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 55 Issue 3-9, p589; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: EXTREME environments; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - L. Moses, Paul
AU  - L. Rausch, Vincent
AU  - T. Nguyen, Luat
AU  - R. Hill, Jeryl
T1  - NASA hypersonic flight demonstrators—overview, status, and future plans
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3-9
M3  - Article
SP  - 619
EP  - 630
SN  - 00945765
AB  - NASA''s Next Generation Launch Technology (NGLT) program is developing and maturing advanced propulsion and vehicle systems technologies and flight vehicle concepts to enable future development of safer and more economical launch systems. Within NGLT, NASA is developing advanced air breathing propulsion systems and demonstrating these systems in hypersonic flight vehicles. The flight demonstrations are necessary to fully validate these technologies for application to future space launch vehicles and other flight systems.NASA''s Hyper-X Program (X-43A) began the effort to flight demonstrate hypersonic air breathing propulsion systems to provide technologies that will enable development of safer and more economic space access vehicles in the future. Following X-43A, NASA, in collaboration with the United States (US) Department of Defense (DoD), is developing additional, progressively more complex hypersonic X-vehicles that will demonstrate new air breathing propulsion systems, propulsion-airframe integration, and other vehicle systems technologies required for high speed flight up to Mach 15. These technologies will contribute to safer, more reliable and more economic future launch systems and hypersonic aircraft/missiles.This paper describes NASA''s current hypersonic flight demonstration projects, status of the efforts, and plans for future vehicles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 14034429; L. Moses, Paul L. Rausch, Vincent 1 T. Nguyen, Luat 1 R. Hill, Jeryl 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 55 Issue 3-9, p619; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Nicholas L.
T1  - Space traffic management concepts and practices
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3-9
M3  - Article
SP  - 803
EP  - 809
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Concepts of space traffic management have been discussed for many years with little progress to date, due both to the complexity of the issue and to a perceived lack of urgency. Although a renewed interest in the subject has arisen in some corners of the aerospace community, the challenges of space traffic management remain unchanged. Perhaps the greatest challenge is reaching a consensus on the definition of space traffic management and its objectives. In the simplest terms, space traffic management should promote physical and electromagnetic non-interference among the multitude of operational space systems. However, contrary to popular belief, air and ground traffic control concepts and techniques, offer few analogies applicable to the space environment. The value of a space traffic management system must weigh the historical and legally entrenched concept of the freedom of operation in near-Earth orbit against the potential benefits of a new regulatory regime. Most space-faring nations do not yet exert control over the selection of orbital parameters for new space systems within their own countries, much less in an international context. The prospects for such intrusive space traffic management in the foreseeable future are not bright. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - TRAFFIC engineering
KW  - ORBIT
N1  - Accession Number: 14034448; Johnson, Nicholas L. 1; Email Address: nicholas.l.johnson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 55 Issue 3-9, p803; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: TRAFFIC engineering; Subject Term: ORBIT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.055
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mathelin, Lionel
AU  - Hussaini, M. Yousuff
AU  - Zang, Thomas A.
AU  - Bataille, Françoise
AU  - Givi, Associate Editor: P.
T1  - Uncertainty Propagation for a Turbulent, Compressible Nozzle Flow Using Stochastic Methods.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 42
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1669
EP  - 1676
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A fully spectral, polynomial chaos method for the propagation of uncertainty in numerical simulations of compressible, turbulent flow is described. The method is applied to the flow in a quasi-one-dimensional nozzle. Results demonstrate the ability of the method to propagate accurately the uncertainty throughout the entire numerical field. Comparison and validation were made with the reference Monte Carlo method. An exact method and an approximate method for the computation of inner products are also discussed in terms of efficiency and number of operations required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MANAGEMENT science
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - REASONING (Logic)
N1  - Accession Number: 14291472; Mathelin, Lionel 1 Hussaini, M. Yousuff 2 Zang, Thomas A. 3 Bataille, Françoise 4 Givi, Associate Editor: P.; Affiliation:  1: Research Associate, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, B.P. 133, 91403 Orsay Cedex, France  2: Professor, School of Computational Science and Information Technology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4120  3: Senior Technologist, Aerospace Systems, Concepts and Analysis Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  4: Professor, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées, Centre de Thermique de Lyon, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 42 Issue 8, p1669; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT science; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: REASONING (Logic); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leiser, Daniel B.
T1  - SHUTTLE THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 83
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 47
PB  - American Ceramic Society
SN  - 00027812
AB  - Presents the NICE Arthur L. Friedberg Memorial Lecture on space shuttle thermal protection system delivered by research scientist Daniel Leiser during the 106th American Ceramic Society Annual Meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana.
KW  - SPACE shuttles -- Thermodynamics
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - LECTURES & lecturing
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - INDIANA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - LEISER, Daniel
N1  - Accession Number: 14040264; Leiser, Daniel B. 1; Affiliation:  1: research scientist, Thermal Protection Materials & Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 83 Issue 8, p44; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LECTURES & lecturing; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: INDIANA; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; People: LEISER, Daniel; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
AU  - Jaunky, Navin
AU  - Hilburger, Mark W.
T1  - Progressive failure studies of stiffened panels subjected to shear loading
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 65
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 142
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Experimental and analytical results are presented for progressive failure of stiffened composite panels with and without a notch and subjected to in-plane shear loading well into the postbuckling regime. Initial geometric imperfections are included in the finite element models. Ply damage modes such as matrix cracking, fiber-matrix shear, and fiber failure are modeled by degrading the material properties. Experimental results from the test include strain full-field data from a video image correlation system in addition to other strain and displacement measurements. Results from nonlinear finite element analyses are compared with experimental data. Good agreement between experimental data and numerical results is observed for the stitched stiffened composite panels studied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Ply damage mode
KW  - Postbuckling
KW  - Progressive failure
KW  - Stitched composites
KW  - Video image correlation
N1  - Accession Number: 13290357; Ambur, Damodar R. 1; Email Address: d.r.ambur@larc.nasa.gov Jaunky, Navin 2 Hilburger, Mark W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 65 Issue 2, p129; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ply damage mode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Postbuckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Progressive failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stitched composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Video image correlation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00153-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
AU  - Jaunky, Navin
AU  - Hilburger, Mark
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
T1  - Progressive failure analyses of compression-loaded composite curved panels with and without cutouts
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 65
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 155
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Progressive failure analyses results are presented for composite curved panels with and without a circular cutout and subjected to axial compression loading well into their postbuckling regime. Ply damage modes such as matrix cracking, fiber-matrix shear, and fiber failure are modeled by degrading the material properties. Results from finite element analyses are compared with experimental data. Good agreement between experimental data and numerical results are observed for most part of the loading range for the structural configurations considered. Modeling of initial geometric imperfections may be required to obtain accurate analysis results depending on the ratio of the cutout width to panel width. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 13290358; Ambur, Damodar R. 1; Email Address: d.r.ambur@larc.nasa.gov Jaunky, Navin 2 Hilburger, Mark 1 Dávila, Carlos G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Analytical and Computational Methods Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 65 Issue 2, p143; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S0263-8223(03)00184-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fang, B.
AU  - Kelkar, A.G.
AU  - Joshi, S.M.
AU  - Pota, H.R.
T1  - Modelling, system identification, and control of acoustic–structure dynamics in 3-D enclosures
JO  - Control Engineering Practice
JF  - Control Engineering Practice
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 989
EP  - 1004
SN  - 09670661
AB  - This paper addresses modelling, system identification, and control of acoustic–structure interaction dynamics for 3-D enclosures. The specific configuration of interest is the one in which an acoustic disturbance is created by one of the vibrating boundaries of the enclosure such as in the case of aircraft cabin noise. The modelling techniques developed in this paper can be used to obtain finite-dimensional approximate models (time-domain as well as frequency-domain) suitable for control design. The mathematical modelling approach presented in this paper can be extended to model a broad class of acoustic–structure systems. The modelling methodology is demonstrated on a 3-D acoustic enclosure built in laboratory for experimental verification. The analytical model is compared with the experimental data. The transfer function and state-space models are also obtained from experimental data using system identification techniques. Differences in analytical and experimentally identified models are discussed and control design strategies along with experimental results are presented for broadband reduction of noise. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Control Engineering Practice is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - AIRCRAFT cabins
KW  - Acoustic modelling
KW  - Acoustic–structure interaction
KW  - Active noise control
KW  - Broadband control
KW  - Modelling and control
N1  - Accession Number: 13289577; Fang, B. 1; Email Address: bfang@iastate.edu Kelkar, A.G. 1; Email Address: akelkar@iastate.edu Joshi, S.M. 2; Email Address: s.m.joshi@larc.nasa.gov Pota, H.R. 3; Email Address: h-pota@adfa.edu.au; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, 2018 Black, Ames, IA 50011, USA  2: Dynamics & Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: School of Electrical Engineering, UNSW at the Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p989; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT cabins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic–structure interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active noise control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadband control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modelling and control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.conengprac.2003.10.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bullock, Mark A.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Mellon, Michael T.
T1  - Laboratory simulations of Mars aqueous geochemistry
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 170
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 404
EP  - 423
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We report on laboratory experiments in which we allowed an SNC-derived mineral mix to react with pure water under a simulated Mars atmosphere for 7 months. These experiments were performed at one bar and at three different temperatures in order to simulate the subsurface conditions that most likely exist where liquid water and rock interact on Mars today. The dominant cations dissolved in the solutions we produced, which may be characterized as dilute brines, are Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+, and Na+, while the major anions are dissolved C, F-, SO2-4 and Cl-. Typical solution pH was in the range of 4.2–6.0. Abundance patterns of elements in our synthetic sulfate–chloride brines are distinctly unlike those of terrestrial ocean water or continental waters, however, they are quite similar to those measured in the martian fines at the Mars Pathfinder and Viking 1 and 2 Landing sites. This suggests that salts present in the martian regolith may have formed over time as a result of the interaction of surface or subsurface liquid water with basalts in the presence of a martian atmosphere similar in composition to that of today. If most of the mobile surface layer was formed during the Noachian when erosion rates were much higher than at present, and if this layer is homogeneous in salt composition, the total amount of salt in the martian fines is approximately the same as in the Earth''s oceans. The minimum quantity of circulating water necessary to deposit this amount of salt is approximately equivalent to a global layer 625 m deep. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Regoliths
KW  - surface (Mars)
N1  - Accession Number: 13705240; Bullock, Mark A. 1; Email Address: bullock@boulder.swri.edu Moore, Jeffrey M. 2 Mellon, Michael T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, Department of Space Studies, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 426, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Sciences Division, M/S 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Campus Box 0392, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 170 Issue 2, p404; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: CATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface (Mars); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - Hourdin, F.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Luz, D.
T1  - A coupled dynamics-microphysics model of Titan's atmosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 170
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 462
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We have developed a coupled general circulation model of Titan''s atmosphere in which the aerosol haze is treated with a microphysical model and is advected by the winds. The radiative transfer accounts for the non uniform haze distribution and, in turn, drives the dynamics. We analyze the GCM results, especially focusing on the difference between a uniform haze layer and a haze layer coupled to the dynamics. In the coupled simulation the aerosols tend to accumulate at the poles, at latitudes higher than ±60°. During winter, aerosols strongly radiate at thermal infrared wavelengths enhancing the cooling rate near the pole. Since this tends to increase the latitudinal gradients of temperature the direct effect of this cooling excess, in contrast to the uncoupled haze case, is to increase the strength of the meridional cells as well as the strength of the zonal winds and profile. This is a positive feedback of the haze on dynamics. The coupled model reproduces observations about the state of the atmosphere better than the uniform haze model, and in addition, the northern polar hood and the detached haze are qualitatively reproduced. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Haze
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 13705243; Rannou, P. 1; Email Address: pra@aero.jussieu.fr Hourdin, F. 2 McKay, C.P. 3 Luz, D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Service d'Aéronomie, BP3, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin, 91370 Verrières-le-buisson, France  2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université de Paris 6, B99, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France  3: NASA–Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett field, CA 94035, USA  4: LESIA, Observatoire de Meudon, 5, Place Janssen, 92195 Meudon cedex, France; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 170 Issue 2, p443; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matese, John J.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Perihelion evolution of observed new comets implies the dominance of the galactic tide in making Oort cloud comets discernable
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 170
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 508
EP  - 513
SN  - 00191035
AB  - For an Oort cloud comet to be seen as a new comet, its perihelion must be moved from a point exterior to the loss cylinder boundary to a point interior to observable limits in a single orbit. The galactic tide can do this continuously, in a non-impulsive manner. Near-parabolic comets, with specific angular momentum <f>H∝√ of q</f>, will most easily be made observable. Therefore, to reduce the perihelion distance <f>H</f> must decrease. Since weakly perturbed comets are, in general, more numerous than strongly perturbed comets, we can anticipate that new comets made observable by a weak tidal torque will more likely be first observed when their slowly changing perihelion distances are approaching their minimum osculating values under the action of the tide, rather than receding from their minimum values. That is, defining <f>ΔHtide</f> as the vector change due to the galactic tidal torque during the prior orbit, and <f>Hobs</f> as the observed vector, the sign <f>S≡Sign(Hobs·ΔHtide)</f> will more likely be -1 than +1 if a weak galactic tidal perturbation indeed dominates in making comets observable. Using comet data of the highest quality class (1A) for new comets (<f>a>10,000</f> AU), we find that 49 comets have <f>S=-1</f> and 22 have <f>S=+1</f>. The binomial probability that as many or more would exhibit this characteristic if in fact <f>S=∓1</f> were equally likely is only 0.0009. This characteristic also persists in other long-period comet populations, lending support to the notion that they are dominated by comets recently arrived from the outer Oort cloud. The preponderance of <f>S=-1</f> also correlates with weakly perturbed (i.e., smaller semimajor axis) new comets in a statistically significant manner. This is strong evidence that the data are of sufficiently high quality and sufficiently free of observational selection effects to detect this unique imprint of the tide. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OORT Cloud
KW  - COMETS
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - dynamics (Comets)
N1  - Accession Number: 13705246; Matese, John J. 1; Email Address: matese@louisiana.edu Lissauer, Jack J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-4210, USA  2: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 170 Issue 2, p508; Subject Term: OORT Cloud; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamics (Comets); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whittle, J.
AU  - Araújo, J.
T1  - Scenario modelling with aspects.
JO  - IEE Proceedings -- Software
JF  - IEE Proceedings -- Software
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 151
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 171
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 14625970
AB  - There has been significant recent interest, within the aspect-oriented software development (AOSD) community, in representing crosscutting concerns at various stages of the software lifecycle. However, most of these efforts have concentrated on the design and implementation phases. The focus of this paper is on representing aspects during requirements modelling. In particular, the issue of how to model aspects as part of scenario-based modelling is addressed. The use of scenarios is common in requirements development and analysis. The authors describe how to represent and compose aspects at the scenario level. Aspectual scenarios are modelled as interaction pattern specifications (IPSs) and are composed with nonaspectual scenarios using instantiation and special composition operators. The composed collection of scenarios can then be translated automatically into a set of state machines using an existing state machine synthesis algorithm. The resulting set of state machines is an executable form of the scenarios and can be used for simulation and analysis of the requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEE Proceedings -- Software is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - SOFTWARE architecture
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER systems
N1  - Accession Number: 14590942; Whittle, J. 1 Araújo, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Departamento de Informática, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 151 Issue 4, p157; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: SOFTWARE architecture; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/ip-sen:20040921
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singer, Bart A.
AU  - Guo, Yueping
T1  - Development of Computational Aeroacoustics Tools for Airframe Noise Calculations.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 455
EP  - 469
SN  - 10618562
AB  - This paper discusses the development of computational aeroacoustics (CAA) tools for airframe noise analysis and prediction. We review recent progress in this topic, but emphasize our vision for the future development of such tools. Our intention is for this vision to drive future CAA research in directions that will accelerate widespread use of CAA for airframe noise applications. We discuss the needs for accuracy, efficiency, and easy interface with other design tools and illustrate how CAA tools may help future aircraft design. We explain what appears to be achievable in a 20-year time frame, and what goals will probably take longer. Important barrier issues include the effects of numerical dispersion and dissipation, the treatment of highly curved, irregular boundary surfaces, and grid generation. Beyond these largely numerical issues, we discuss the role of physics-based modeling, including turbulence modeling in unsteady flow computations and the importance of developing sophisticated techniques for analyzing results of computations. Numerical simulations combined with the acoustic analogy methodology to predict noise are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss how to use recent advances in measurement techniques for CAA tool validation, which is an integral part of future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ANALOGY
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - Airframe noise
KW  - Community noise
KW  - Computational aeroacoustics
KW  - Noise propagation
KW  - Wave dispersion and dissipation
N1  - Accession Number: 13460919; Singer, Bart A. 1; Email Address: bart.a.singer@nasa.gov Guo, Yueping 2; Email Address: yueping.guo@boeing.com; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, 18e West Taylor Street, Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.  2: The Boeing Company, Mail Code H013-B308, 5301 Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647, USA.; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p455; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ANALOGY; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airframe noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wave dispersion and dissipation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560410001673470
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Envia, Edmane
AU  - Wilson, Alexander G.
AU  - Huff, Dennis L.
T1  - Fan Noise: A Challenge to CAA.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 471
EP  - 480
SN  - 10618562
AB  - The objective of this paper is to expose the computational aeroacoustics (CAA) community to the current unresolved issues in modeling and predicting fan noise. The paper includes a description of the sources of fan noise and a discussion of the current status of the fan noise prediction methods and their shortcomings. The discussion is focused on the issues and includes sufficient details to help outline the scope of the fan noise problem and define the level of fidelity required for meaningful CAA simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FANS (Machinery)
KW  - NOISE control
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL engineering
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - Broadband noise
KW  - Computational aeroacoustics
KW  - Fan noise
KW  - Multiple pure tones
KW  - Rotor-stator interaction noise
KW  - Self-noise
N1  - Accession Number: 13460924; Envia, Edmane 1; Email Address: edmane.envia-1@nasa.gov Wilson, Alexander G. 2; Email Address: alexander.g.wilson@rolls-royce.com Huff, Dennis L. 3; Email Address: dennis.l.huff@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Acoustics Branch, Mail Stop 54-3, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  2: Mailcode SinA-76, P.O. Box 31, Rolls-Royce plc, Derby DE24 8BJ, UK.  3: Structures and Acoustics Division, Mail Stop 49-6, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p471; Subject Term: FANS (Machinery); Subject Term: NOISE control; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL engineering; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadband noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fan noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple pure tones; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotor-stator interaction noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-noise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560410001673489
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Pindera, Marek-Jerzy
T1  - Local field effects in titanium matrix composites subject to fiber-matrix debonding
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 8/9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1707
SN  - 07496419
AB  - This paper addresses fiber-matrix debonding in titanium matrix composites (TMCs) using a recently developed micromechanics model known as the high-fidelity generalized method of cells (HFGMC). By employing a higher-order displacement field, this model supercedes its predecessor, the generalized method of cells (GMC), in terms of micro-scale field accuracy. The import of this micro-scale accuracy is amplified in the case of fiber-matrix debonding as the debonding phenomenon is dominated by local field effects. Via inclusion of appropriate constitutive relations for inelastic deformation and fiber-matrix debonding, both HFGMC and GMC have been applied herein to model the transverse deformation of titanium matrix composites, which exhibit obvious effects of interfacial debonding. Results indicate that HFGMC is considerably more quantitatively accurate than GMC for analysis of composites with debonding, enabling realistic predictions of the TMC transverse response. The improved accuracy of the HFGMC local fields also enables investigation of some qualitative aspects of the debonding phenomenon within TMCs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - VISCOPLASTICITY
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - High-fidelity generalized method of cells (HFGMC)
KW  - Interfacial debonding
KW  - Metal matrix composites
KW  - Micromechanics
KW  - Viscoplasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 12963110; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: bab7v@virginia.edu Arnold, Steven M. 2; Email Address: steven.m.arnold@grc.nasa.gov Aboudi, Jacob 3; Email Address: aboudi@eng.tau.ac.il Pindera, Marek-Jerzy 4; Email Address: mp3g@virginia.edu; Affiliation:  1: OAI, Dept. Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Dept. Solid Mechanics, Materials & Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel 59978  4: Dept. Civil Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, FA 22903, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 20 Issue 8/9, p1707; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: VISCOPLASTICITY; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-fidelity generalized method of cells (HFGMC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial debonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoplasticity; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijplas.2003.11.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Havelund, Klaus
AU  - Roşu, Grigore
T1  - Efficient monitoring of safety properties.
JO  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
JF  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 173
SN  - 14332779
AB  - The problem of testing whether a finite execution trace of events generated by an executing program violates a linear temporal logic (LTL) formula occurs naturally in runtime analysis of software. Two efficient algorithms for this problem are presented in this paper, both for checking safety formulae of the form “always P”, where P is a past-time LTL formula. The first algorithm is implemented by rewriting, and the second synthesizes efficient code from formulae. Further optimizations of the second algorithm are suggested, reducing space and time consumption. Special operators suitable for writing succinct specifications are discussed and shown to be equivalent to the standard past-time operators. This work is part of NASA’s PathExplorer project, the objective of which is to construct a flexible framework for efficient monitoring and analysis of program executions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOGIC
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - SAFETY
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Safety
KW  - Temporal logics
N1  - Accession Number: 14114397; Havelund, Klaus 1; Email Address: havelund@email.arc.nasa.gov Roşu, Grigore 2; Email Address: grosu@cs.uiuc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Kestrel Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p158; Subject Term: LOGIC; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: SAFETY; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temporal logics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10009-003-0117-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nasiri, Shaima L.
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
T1  - Daytime Multilayered Cloud Detection Using Multispectral Imager Data.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 21
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1145
EP  - 1155
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - This study reports on recent progress toward the daytime detection of multilayered clouds in satellite multispectral data, specifically for the case of optically thin cirrus overlying lower-level water clouds. The technique is applied to 200 × 200 pixel arrays of data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and is primarily based on the relationship between the near-infrared reflectance (at either 1.6 or 2.1 μm) and the 11-μm brightness temperature. Additional information used by the algorithm includes the operational MODIS cloud mask and cloud thermodynamic phase as inferred from the 8.5- and 11-μm brightness temperatures. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated for two MODIS case studies, and results are compared to coincident cloud physics lidar (CPL) data obtained from an aircraft platform. In both cases, the multilayered cloud detection algorithm results appear reasonable in comparison with the CPL data. The first case study, from 11 December 2002 during the Terra–Aqua Experiment (TX-2002), also examines the behavior of the algorithm when midlevel or mixed-phase cloud is present. The second case study, from 26 February 2003 during The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) campaign, sheds light on the sensitivity of the algorithm to optically thin cirrus. In this case, the algorithm does not detect cirrus with a visible (0.564 μm) optical thickness of less than 0.1 when it overlies a lower-level water cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 14084023; Nasiri, Shaima L. 1; Email Address: shaima@ssec.wisc.edu Baum, Bryan A. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 21 Issue 8, p1145; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sang Young Son
AU  - Allen, Jeffrey S.
T1  - Visualization of Wettability Effects on Microchannel Two-Phase Flow Resistance.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 126
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 498
EP  - 498
SN  - 00221481
AB  - Discusses the flow visualization of wettability effects on microchannel two-phase flow resistance using high-speed microscopy.  Two surface energies that were tested; Level and stability of two-phase pressure drop in hydrophobic microchannels compared to hydrophilic microchannels.
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 14797762; Sang Young Son 1 Allen, Jeffrey S. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 126 Issue 4, p498; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Djikaev
AU  - Y. S.
AU  - Tabazadeh
AU  - A.
T1  - Effect of Adsorption on Crystal Nucleation in Binary Droplets:  Implication for the Formation of Nitric Acid Hydrate Particles.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 108
IS  - 31
M3  - Article
SP  - 6513
EP  - 6519
SN  - 10895639
AB  - The adsorption of surfactant molecules at the droplet-vapor interface can affect the droplet surface tension and thus alter the rate of surface-stimulated crystal nucleation. Recently, we have shown that if the condition of partial wetting holds for at least one crystal facet then the crystallization process is most likely to initiate at the droplet surface. Here, we outline an adsorption model to determine the main physical characteristics of the interior and surface layer of a binary droplet. The theoretical model is illustrated by numerical calculations for aqueous nitric acid droplets. As expected, an increase in the surfactant concentration in the droplet interior lowers the droplet surface tension, which has an impeding effect on the surface-stimulated crystallization. However, we show that an increase in the surface-to-volume ratio of a droplet favors crystal nucleation at the surface not only kinetically but also thermodynamically. This occurs because for a given droplet composition smaller droplets have a higher surface tension. Thus, the impeding effect of a soluble surfactant on the surface mode of crystal nucleation becomes weaker as the droplet size decreases. Our results also show that for a fixed overall droplet composition the excess surface coverage decreases with decreasing droplet radius. The effect of organic contaminants on crystallization in aqueous nitric acid droplets is also qualitatively studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE active agents
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - NITRIC acid
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 14646160; Djikaev Y. S. 1 Tabazadeh A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NRC Research Associateship and Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 108 Issue 31, p6513; Subject Term: SURFACE active agents; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: NITRIC acid; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hase, F.
AU  - Hannigan, J.W.
AU  - Coffey, M.T.
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Höpfner, M.
AU  - Jones, N.B.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Wood, S.W.
T1  - Intercomparison of retrieval codes used for the analysis of high-resolution, ground-based FTIR measurements
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 87
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
SN  - 00224073
AB  - A rigorous and systematic intercomparison of codes used for the retrieval of trace gas profiles from high-resolution ground-based solar absorption FTIR measurements is presented for the first time. Spectra were analyzed with the two widely used independent, retrieval codes: SFIT2 and PROFFIT9. Vertical profiles of <f>O3</f>, <f>HNO3</f>, HDO, and <f>N2O</f> were derived from the same set of typical observed spectra. Analysis of <f>O3</f> was improved by using updated line parameters. It is shown that profiles and total column amounts are in excellent agreement, when similar constraints are applied, and that the resolution kernel matrices are also consistent. Owing to the limited altitude resolution of ground-based observations, the impact of the constraints on the solution is not negligible. It is shown that the results are also compatible for independently chosen constraints. Perspectives for refined constraints are discussed. It can be concluded that the error budget introduced by the radiative transfer code and the retrieval algorithm on total columns deduced from high-resolution ground-based solar FTIR spectra is below 1%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Atmospheric trace gases
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Retrieval algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 12896103; Hase, F. 1; Email Address: frank.hase@imk.fzk.de Hannigan, J.W. 2; Email Address: jamesw@nacr.ucar.edu Coffey, M.T. 2; Email Address: coffey@acd.ucar.edu Goldman, A. 3; Email Address: goldman@acd.ucar.edu Höpfner, M. 1; Email Address: michael.hoepfner@imk.fzk.de Jones, N.B. 4; Email Address: njones@uow.edu.au Rinsland, C.P. 5; Email Address: c.p..rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Wood, S.W. 6; Email Address: s.wood@niwa.co.nz; Affiliation:  1: IMK-ASF, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postbach 3640, Karlsruhe 76021, Germany  2: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  3: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong New South Wales 2522, Australia  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  6: National Institute for Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Lauder, PB 50061, Central Otago, New Zealand; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 87 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric trace gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retrieval algorithms; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2003.12.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kerslake, Thomas W.
T1  - Effect of Voltage Level on Power System Design for Solar Electric Propulsion Missions.
JO  - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
JF  - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 126
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 936
EP  - 944
SN  - 01996231
AB  - This paper presents study results quantifying the benefits of higher voltage, electric power system designs for a typical solar electric propulsion spacecraft Earth orbiting mission. A conceptual power system architecture was defined and design points were generated for several system voltages using state-of-the-art or advanced technologies. A 300-V “direct-drive” architecture was also analyzed to assess the benefits of directly powering the electric thruster from the photovoltaic array without up-conversion. Computational models were exercised to predict the performance and size power system components to meet spacecraft mission requirements. Pertinent space environments were calculated for the mission trajectory and an electron current collection model was developed to estimate photovoltaic array losses due to natural and induced plasma environments. The secondary benefits of power system mass savings for spacecraft propulsion and attitude control systems were also quantified. Results indicate that considerable spacecraft wet mass savings were achieved by the 300-V and 300-V direct-drive architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Solar Energy Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - HIGH voltages
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - SOLAR energy
N1  - Accession Number: 14309129; Kerslake, Thomas W. 1; Email Address: thomas.w.kerslake@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Power & Propulsion Office, 2100 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p936; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: HIGH voltages; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1710523
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chandler, William S.
AU  - Whitlock, Charles h.
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
AU  - Jr.
T1  - NASA Climatological Data for Renewable Energy Assessment.
JO  - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
JF  - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 126
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 945
EP  - 949
SN  - 01996231
AB  - This article presents the latest parameters and delivery methods that provide global solar energy and meteorological resources on the Internet. Over the past several years the number of parameters in the Surface meteorology and Solar Energy Data Set has tripled. The newest parameters include solar geometry, a suite of wind speed and wind direction data, diffuse, direct normal and tilted surface solar irradiance. Requests by users and recommendations by the renewable energy industry have prompted the growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Solar Energy Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - INTERNET
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - ENERGY industries
N1  - Accession Number: 14309130; Chandler, William S.; Email Address: w.s.chandler@larc.nasa.gov Whitlock, Charles h. 1 Stackhouse, Paul W. Jr. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation, One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 300, Hampton, VA 23666-5845  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p945; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: INTERNET; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: WIND speed; Subject Term: ENERGY industries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1748466
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verrilli, Michael J.
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Calomino, Anthony
AU  - Kiser, J. Douglas
AU  - Butt, D. P.
T1  - Effect of Environment on the Stress-Rupture Behavior of a Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide Ceramic Matrix Composite.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 87
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1536
EP  - 1542
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Stress-rupture tests were conducted in air, under vacuum, and in steam-containing environments to identify the failure modes and degradation mechanisms of a carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite at two temperatures, 600° and 1200°C. Stress-rupture lives in air and steam-containing environments (50–80% steam with argon) are similar for a stress of 69 MPa at 1200°C. Lives of specimens tested in a 20% steam/argon environment were about twice as long. For tests conducted at 600°C, composite life in 20% steam/argon was 30 times longer than life in air. Thermogravimetric analysis of the carbon fibers was conducted under conditions similar to the stress-rupture tests. The oxidation rate of the fibers in the various environments correlated with the composite stress-rupture lives. Examination of the failed specimens indicated that oxidation of the carbon fibers was the primary damage mode for specimens tested in air and steam environments at both temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - CERAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14190513; Verrilli, Michael J. 1,2 Opila, Elizabeth J. 1,2 Calomino, Anthony 2 Kiser, J. Douglas 2 Butt, D. P.; Affiliation:  1: Member, American Ceramic Society  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 87 Issue 8, p1536; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: CERAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
AU  - Zi-Kui Liu
AU  - Kaufman, Larry
AU  - Fan Zhang
AU  - Hellman Jr., J. R.
T1  - Thermodynamic Modeling of the YO1.5-ZrO2 System.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 87
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1559
EP  - 1566
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The YO1.5-ZrO2 system consists of five solid solutions, one liquid solution, and one intermediate compound. A thermodynamic description of this system is developed, which allows calculation of the phase diagram and thermodynamic properties. Two different solution models are used—a neutral species model with YO1.5 and ZrO2 as the components and a charged species model with Y3+, Zr4+, O2-, and vacancies as components. For each model, regular and subregular solution parameters are derived from selected phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data. The neutral species and charged species modeling results are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - ANIONS
KW  - GIBBS' free energy
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC potentials
N1  - Accession Number: 14190653; Jacobson, Nathan S. 1,2 Zi-Kui Liu 3 Kaufman, Larry 4 Fan Zhang 5 Hellman Jr., J. R.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Fellow, American Ceramic Society  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, 16803  4: Consultant, Brookline, Massachusetts 02146  5: Computherm LLC, Madison, Wisconsin 53719; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 87 Issue 8, p1559; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: ANIONS; Subject Term: GIBBS' free energy; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC potentials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 6 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davoudzadeh, Farhad
AU  - Nan-Suey Liu
T1  - Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of a Supersonic Rocket Thruster Flow Compared with Experimental Data.
JO  - Journal of Visualization
JF  - Journal of Visualization
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 173
EP  - 173
SN  - 13438875
AB  - The article presents information on computational fluid dynamics simulation of a supersonic rocket thruster flow, which is compared with experimental data. Navier-Stokes numerical simulations shows the supersonic flow field induced by an 11202-rocket thruster with an attached panel, under a variety of operating conditions. Mach number contours, computational pressure distribution, and related experimental measurement along the wall for all of the operating conditions are considered.
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 14435790; Davoudzadeh, Farhad 1; Email Address: Farhad.Davoudzadeh@grc.nasa.gov Nan-Suey Liu 1; Email Address: Nan-Suey.Liu-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 5-10, 21000 Brookpark, Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p173; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodgers, S. D.
AU  - Charnley, S. B.
T1  - Interstellar diazenylium recombination and nitrogen isotopic fractionation.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2004/08//8/1/2004
VL  - 352
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 600
EP  - 604
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - In an earlier paper (Charnley & Rodgers), we demonstrated that gas-phase chemistry in selectively depleted interstellar cores and/or protostellar discs can lead to significant 15N enhancements. Recent laboratory measurements of the electron dissociative recombination of N2H + show that this reaction is able to break the N–N bond and so will release nitrogen atoms and NH radicals into the gas at a much faster rate than previous models have assumed. We have assessed the importance of this new result for the 15N chemistry and find that the reaction acts to reduce the degree of 15N enhancement. We discuss two modifications to our original model that each allow the high 15N/14N ratios to be recovered: N2 H+ recombination on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and a small barrier in the N + NH reaction. We find that higher 15N/14N ratios can be produced in this revised model. Some observational consequences of these are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - molecular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 13840316; Rodgers, S. D. 1; Email Address: rodgers@dusty.arc.nasa.gov Charnley, S. B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/1/2004, Vol. 352 Issue 2, p600; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07953.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haskell, Richard E.
AU  - Lee, Charles
AU  - Hanna, Darrin M.
T1  - Geno-fuzzy classification trees
JO  - Pattern Recognition
JF  - Pattern Recognition
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 37
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1653
EP  - 1659
SN  - 00313203
AB  - Making the non-terminal nodes of a binary tree classifier fuzzy can mitigate tree brittleness. Using a genetic algorithm, two optimization techniques are explored. In one case, each generation minimizes classification error by optimizing a common fuzzy percent, <f>pT</f>, used to determine parameters at every node. In the other case, each generation yields a sequence of minimized node-specific parameters. The output value is determined through defuzzification after input vectors, in general, take both paths at each node with a weighting factor determined by the node membership functions. Experiments conducted using this geno-fuzzy approach yield an improvement compared with other classical algorithms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Pattern Recognition is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECISION trees
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - FUZZY arithmetic
KW  - Decision tree
KW  - Fuzzy
KW  - Fuzzy weights
KW  - Genetic
KW  - Classification
N1  - Accession Number: 13289916; Haskell, Richard E. 1 Lee, Charles 2 Hanna, Darrin M. 1; Email Address: dmhanna@oakland.edu; Affiliation:  1: CSE Department, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA  2: SAIC NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 37 Issue 8, p1653; Subject Term: DECISION trees; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: FUZZY arithmetic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision tree; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuzzy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuzzy weights; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Classification; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: German; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.patcog.2004.01.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Shanker Subramanian, R.
T1  - Thermocapillary convection due to a stationary bubble.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3131
EP  - 3137
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - We analyze the velocity and temperature fields due to thermocapillary convection around a gas bubble that is stationary in a liquid. A linear temperature field is imposed in the undisturbed liquid. Our interest is in the effect of convective transport of momentum and energy on the velocity and temperature fields. We assume that buoyant convection is negligible. The relevant Reynolds and Marangoni numbers are assumed to be small compared with unity. When the Reynolds and Marangoni numbers are set equal to zero, the steady velocity field far from the bubble decays inversely with distance from it. We show that this behavior of the velocity field, coupled with the linear variation of the imposed temperature far away from the bubble, leads to an ill-posedness in the problem for the perturbation temperature field at steady state for small Marangoni numbers, when the Reynolds number is zero. We also consider the effect of convective transport of momentum for small Reynolds number, when the Marangoni number is zero. In this case, the velocity field far away from the bubble decays inversely as the distance from the bubble even in the presence of inertia. It follows that, for a fixed Prandtl number, when both the Marangoni and Reynolds number are nonzero, the behavior of the velocity field far from the bubble continues to yield an ill-posed problem for the steady perturbation temperature field. Therefore, inertia cannot relieve the ill-posedness of the perturbation problem for the steady temperature field. In order to understand the origin of this ill-posedness, we analyze a related problem involving the unsteady development of the temperature field in the liquid from the moment that a point force is applied to it, and held constant subsequently. We show that including the effect of convective transport of energy by a perturbation expansion leads to a temperature field in the liquid that is always time dependent. The temperature field never achieves a steady state. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INERTIA (Mechanics)
KW  - BUBBLE dynamics
KW  - BUBBLES
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - LIQUIDS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 13720269; Balasubramaniam, R. 1; Email Address: bala@grc.nasa.gov Shanker Subramanian, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p3131; Subject Term: INERTIA (Mechanics); Subject Term: BUBBLE dynamics; Subject Term: BUBBLES; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: LIQUIDS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1768091
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arunajadai, Srikesh G.
AU  - Uder, Scott J.
AU  - Stone, Robert B.
AU  - Tumer, Irem Y.
T1  - Failure Mode Identification through Clustering Analysis.
JO  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
JF  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 511
EP  - 526
SN  - 07488017
AB  - Research has shown that nearly 80% of the costs and problems associated with product design are created during product development, and cost and quality are essentially designed into products during the conceptual design stage. Failure identification procedures (such as failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA), failure modes, effects and criticality analysis (FMECA) and fault tree analysis (FTA)) and design of experiments are currently being used for both quality control and for the detection of potential failure modes during the design stage or post-product launch. Although all of these methods have their own advantages, they do not provide the designer with an indication of the predominant failures that should receive considerable attention while the product is being designed. The work presented here proposes a statistical clustering procedure to identify potential failures in the conceptual design stage. A functional approach, which hypothesizes that similarities exist between different failure modes based on the functionality of the product/component, is employed to identify failure modes. The various steps of the methodology are illustrated using a hypothetical design example. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality & Reliability Engineering International is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRODUCT design
KW  - NEW product development
KW  - QUALITY control
KW  - QUALITY assurance
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - clustering algorithm
KW  - conceptual design
KW  - failure mode
KW  - failure modes and effects analysis
KW  - failure-free design
KW  - function based design
KW  - product design
KW  - statistical based design
N1  - Accession Number: 14013792; Arunajadai, Srikesh G. 1 Uder, Scott J. 2 Stone, Robert B. 3; Email Address: rstone@umr.edu Tumer, Irem Y. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A.  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A.  3: Department of Basic Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, U.S.A.  4: Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, U.S.A.; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p511; Subject Term: PRODUCT design; Subject Term: NEW product development; Subject Term: QUALITY control; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: clustering algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: conceptual design; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure mode; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure modes and effects analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure-free design; Author-Supplied Keyword: function based design; Author-Supplied Keyword: product design; Author-Supplied Keyword: statistical based design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541613 Marketing Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541420 Industrial Design Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qre.663
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenleaf, John E.
AU  - Rehrer, NancyJ.
AU  - Mohler, Stanley R.
AU  - Quach, David T.
AU  - Evans, David G.
T1  - Airline Chair-Rest Deconditioning: Induction of Immobilisation Thromboemboli?
JO  - Sports Medicine
JF  - Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 34
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 705
EP  - 725
SN  - 01121642
AB  - Air passenger miles will likely double by year 2020. The altered and restrictive environment in an airliner cabin can influence haematological homeostasis in passengers and crew. Flight-related deep venous thromboemboli (DVT) have been associated with at least 577 deaths on 42 of 120 airlines from 1977 to 1984 (25 deaths/million departures), whereas many such cases go unreported. However, there are four major factors that could influence formation of possible flight-induced DVT: sleeping accommodations (via sitting immobilisation); travellers’ medical history (via tissue injury); cabin environmental factors (via lower partial pressure of oxygen and lower relative humidity); and the more encompassing chair-rest deconditioning (C-RD) syndrome. There is ample evidence that recent injury and surgery (especially in deconditioned hospitalised patients) facilitate thrombophlebitis and formation of DVT that may be exacerbated by the immobilisation of prolonged air travel. In the healthy flying population, immobilisation factors associated with prolonged (>5 hours) C-RD such as total body dehydration, hypovolaemia and increased blood viscosity, and reduced venous blood flow (pooling) in the legs may facilitate formation of DVT. However, data from at least four case-controlled epidemiological studies did not confirm a direct causative relationship between air travel and DVT, but factors such as a history of vascular thromboemboli, venous insufficiency, chronic heart failure, obesity, immobile standing position, more than three pregnancies, infectious disease, long-distance travel, muscular trauma and violent physical effort were significantly more frequent in DVT patients than in controls. Thus, there is no clear, direct evidence yet that prolonged sitting in airliner seats, or prolonged experimental chair-rest or bed-rest deconditioning treatments cause DVT in healthy people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sports Medicine is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOMEOSTASIS
KW  - THROMBOEMBOLISM
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - THROMBOSIS
KW  - HEMATOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 14578905; Greenleaf, John E. 1 Rehrer, NancyJ. 2 Mohler, Stanley R. 3 Quach, David T. 1 Evans, David G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Human Environmental Physiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: School of Physical Education, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand  3: Department of Community Health, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 34 Issue 11, p705; Subject Term: HOMEOSTASIS; Subject Term: THROMBOEMBOLISM; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: THROMBOSIS; Subject Term: HEMATOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis M.
AU  - Thangam, Siva
T1  - Preface.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 17
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 298
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - Presents the preface to the 2004 issue of "Theoretical and Computational Fluid Dynamics."
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PERIODICALS
N1  - Accession Number: 14700282; Bushnell, Dennis M. 1 Thangam, Siva 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 17 Issue 5/6, p297; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PERIODICALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 451310 Book stores and news dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 451212 News Dealers and Newsstands; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414420 Book, periodical and newspaper merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-004-0117-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Zhou, Ye
T1  - Turbulence modeling for the axially rotating pipe from the viewpoint of analytical closures.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 17
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 312
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - A single-point model eddy viscosity model of rotation effects on the turbulent flow in an axially rotating pipe is developed based on two-point closure theories. Rotation is known to impede energy transfer in turbulence; this fact is reflected in the present model through a reduced eddy viscosity, leading to laminarization of the mean velocity profile and return to a laminar friction law in the rapid rotation limit. This model is compared with other proposals including linear redistribution effects through the rapid pressure-strain correlation, Richardson number modification of the eddy viscosity in a model of non-rotating turbulence, and the reduction of turbulence through the suppression of near-wall production mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - frame indifference
KW  - mixing length model
KW  - rotating pipe flow
KW  - rotating turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 14700285; Rubinstein, Robert 1; Email Address: r.rubinstein@larc.nasa.gov Zhou, Ye 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 17 Issue 5/6, p299; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: EDDIES; Author-Supplied Keyword: frame indifference; Author-Supplied Keyword: mixing length model; Author-Supplied Keyword: rotating pipe flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: rotating turbulence; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-004-0111-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - So, R.M.C.
AU  - Jin, L.H.
AU  - Gatski, T.B.
T1  - An explicit algebraic Reynolds stress and heat flux model for incompressible turbulence: Part I Non-isothermal flow.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 17
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 351
EP  - 376
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - Tensor representation theory is used to derive an explicit algebraic model that consists of an explicit algebraic stress model (EASM) and an explicit algebraic heat flux model (EAHFM) for two-dimensional (2-D) incompressible non-isothermal turbulent flows. The representation methodology used for the heat flux vector is adapted from that used for the polynomial representation of the Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor. Since the methodology is based on the formation of invariants from either vector or tensor basis sets, it is possible to derive explicit polynomial vector expansions for the heat flux vector. The resulting EAHFM is necessarily coupled with the turbulent velocity field through an EASM for the Reynolds stress anisotropy. An EASM has previously been derived by Jongen and Gatski [10]. Therefore, it is used in conjunction with the derived EAHFM to form the explicit algebraic model for incompressible 2-D flows. This explicit algebraic model is analyzed and compared with previous formulations including its ability to approximate the commonly accepted value for the turbulent Prandtl number. The effect of pressure-scrambling vector model calibration on predictive performance is also assessed. Finally, the explicit algebraic model is validated against a 2-D homogeneous shear flow with a variety of thermal gradients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - algebraic model
KW  - heat flux model
KW  - turbulence model
N1  - Accession Number: 14700284; So, R.M.C. 1; Email Address: mmmcso@polyu.edu.hk Jin, L.H. 2 Gatski, T.B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China  2: Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China  3: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681–2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 17 Issue 5/6, p351; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: algebraic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat flux model; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence model; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-004-0122-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - So, R.M.C.
AU  - Jin, L.H.
AU  - Gatski, T.B.
T1  - An explicit algebraic Reynolds stress and heat flux model for incompressible turbulence: Part II Buoyant flow.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 17
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 406
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - This paper presents a derivation of an explicit algebraic model for two-dimensional (2-D) buoyant flows. It is an extension of the work reported in Part I (So et al. [27]). The tensor representation method of Jongen and Gatski [14] is extended to derive an explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model (EASM) for 2-D buoyant flow invoking the Boussinesq approximation. The projection methodology is further extended to treat the heat flux transport equation in the derivation of an explicit algebraic heat flux model (EAHFM) for buoyant flow. Again, the weak equilibrium assumption is invoked for the scaled Reynolds stress and scaled heat flux equation. An explicit algebraic model for buoyant flows is then formed with the EASM and EAHFM. From the derived EAHFM, an expression for the thermal diffusivity tensor in buoyant shear flows is deduced. Furthermore, a turbulent Prandtl number (PrT) for each of the three heat flux directions is determined. These directionalPrT are found to be a function of the gradient Richardson number. Alternatively, a scalarPrT can be derived; its value is compared with the directionalPrT. The EASM and EAHFM are used to calculate 2-D homogeneous buoyant shear flows and the results are compared with direct numerical simulation data and other model predictions, where good agreement is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUOYANT ascent (Hydrodynamics)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - algebraic model
KW  - Buoyant flow modeling
KW  - heat flux model
KW  - turbulence model
N1  - Accession Number: 14700283; So, R.M.C. 1; Email Address: mmmcso@polyu.edu.hk Jin, L.H. 2 Gatski, T.B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P.R. China  2: Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China  3: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681–2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 17 Issue 5/6, p377; Subject Term: BUOYANT ascent (Hydrodynamics); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: algebraic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buoyant flow modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat flux model; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence model; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-004-0123-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schunn, Christian D.
AU  - Vera, Alonso H.
T1  - Cross-cultural similarities in category structure.
JO  - Thinking & Reasoning
JF  - Thinking & Reasoning
Y1  - 2004/08//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 287
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 13546783
AB  - Categories, as mental structures, are more than simply sums of property frequencies. A number of recent studies have supported the view that the properties of categories may be organised along functional lines and possibly dependency structures more generally. The study presented here investigates whether earlier findings reflect something unique in the English language/North American culture or whether the functional structuring of categories is a more universal phenomenon. A population of English-speaking Americans was compared to a population of Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong Chinese. The findings clearly support the view that functional influences on category centrality are universal (or at least common to Cantonese-speaking Hong Kong Chinese and English-speaking Americans), albeit with specific cross-cultural/cross-linguistic group differences in the particular properties that are considered central to categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Thinking & Reasoning is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROSS-cultural orientation
KW  - REASONING (Psychology)
KW  - THOUGHT & thinking
KW  - LINGUISTICS
KW  - PSYCHOANALYSIS & culture
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 13713800; Schunn, Christian D. 1; Email Address: schunn@pitt.edu Vera, Alonso H. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Pittsburgh, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p273; Subject Term: CROSS-cultural orientation; Subject Term: REASONING (Psychology); Subject Term: THOUGHT & thinking; Subject Term: LINGUISTICS; Subject Term: PSYCHOANALYSIS & culture; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13546780442000097
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrinc Jr., Frank
T1  - Anomaly Analysis.
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
Y1  - 2004/08/02/
VL  - 161
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 53
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Engineering and Safety Center, set up in the wake of the Columbia accident to backstop engineers in the space shuttle program, is reviewing "hundreds" of recurring anomalies that the program had determined don't affect flight safety to see if in fact they might. Teams from each discipline, plus separate teams to handle statistics and human-factors issues, will "mine" the anomaly data generated over the life of the shuttle fleet, identify problem areas and make recommendations to fix them where necessary. In addition to the anomaly analysis, engineers assigned to the center are making independent technical assessments of a number of other shuttle issues, including microcracks in the gears that drive the orbiter's rudder speed brake actuators and in the flowliners that guide cryogenic propellant to the main engines.
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 14083530; Morrinc Jr., Frank 1; Affiliation:  1: LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER, VA.; Source Info: 8/2/2004, Vol. 161 Issue 5, p53; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 914
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Brückner, J.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Carr, M. H.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Grumpier, L.
AU  - Marais, D. J. Des
AU  - d'Uston, C.
AU  - Economou, T.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Farrand, W.
AU  - Folkner, W.
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Gorevan, S.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
T1  - The Spirit Rover's Athena Science Investigation at GusevCrater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 794
EP  - 798
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit and its Athena science payload have been used to investigate a landing site in Gusev crater. Gusev is hypothesized to be the site of a former lake, but no clear evidence for lacustrine sedimentation has been found to date. Instead, the dominant lithology is basalt, and the dominant geologic processes are impact events and eolian transport. Many rocks exhibit coatings and other characteristics that may be evidence for minor aqueous alteration. Any lacustrine sediments that may exist at this location within Gusev apparently have been buried by lavas that have undergone subsequent impact disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - PHYSICAL geology
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14155295; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu Arvidson, R. E. 2 Bell III, J. F. 1 Brückner, J. 3 Cabrol, N. A. 4 Calvin, W. 5 Carr, M. H. 6 Christensen, P. R. 7 Clark, B. C. 8 Grumpier, L. 9 Marais, D. J. Des 10 d'Uston, C. 11 Economou, T. 12 Farmer, J. 7 Farrand, W. 13 Folkner, W. 14 Golombek, M. 14 Gorevan, S. 15 Grant, J. A. 16 Greeley, R. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.  3: Abteilung Kosmochemie, MaxPlanck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.  4: NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  5: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA.  6: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.  7: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.  8: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA.  9: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA.  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  11: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.  12: Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.  13: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.  14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  15: Honeybee Robotics, New York, NY 10012, USA.  16: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.; Source Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p794; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: PHYSICAL geology; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5815
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Arneson, H. M.
AU  - Bass, D.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Cabrol, N.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Farrand, W. H.
AU  - Goetz, W.
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Guinness, E.
AU  - Hayes, A. G.
AU  - Hubbard, M. Y. H.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, M. J.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
T1  - Pancam Multispectral Imaging Results from the Spirit Roverat Gusev Crater.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 800
EP  - 806
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Panoramic Camera images at Gusev crater reveal a rock-strewn surface interspersed with high- to moderate-albedo fine-grained deposits occurring in part as drifts or in small circular swales or hollows. Optically thick coatings of fine-grained ferric iron-rich dust dominate most bright soil and rock surfaces. Spectra of some darker rock surfaces and rock regions exposed by brushing or grinding show near-infrared spectral signatures consistent with the presence of mafic silicates such as pyroxene or olivine. Atmospheric observations show a steady decline in dust opacity during the mission, and astronomical observations captured solar transits by the martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, as well as a view of Earth from the martian surface. . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SURFACES (Geometry)
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14155296; Bell III, J. F. 1; Email Address: jfb8@cornell.edu Squyres, S. W. 1 Arvidson, R. E. 2 Arneson, H. M. 1 Bass, D. 3 Blaney, D. 3 Cabrol, N. 4 Calvin, W. 5 Farmer, J. 6 Farrand, W. H. 7 Goetz, W. 8 Golombek, M. 3 Grant, J. A. 9 Greeley, R. 6 Guinness, E. 2 Hayes, A. G. 1 Hubbard, M. Y. H. 1 Herkenhoff, K. E. 10 Johnson, M. J. 1 Johnson, J. R. 10; Affiliation:  1: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA.  2: Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center-Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  5: University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89501, USA.  6: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.  7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.  8: University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.  9: National Air and Space Museum, Washington, DC 20560, USA.  10: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.; Source Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p800; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SURFACES (Geometry); Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4755
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Arvidson, R.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Carr, M. H.
AU  - Christensen, P.
AU  - Crumpier, L.
AU  - Marais, D. J. Des
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Grant, F. D.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - McSween, H. Y.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Moersch, J.
AU  - Rice Jr.,, J. W.
AU  - Ruff, S.
T1  - Surficial Deposits at Gusev Crater Along Spirit RoverTraverses.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 807
EP  - 810
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars Exploration Rover Spirit has traversed a fairly flat, rock-strewn terrain whose surface is shaped primarily by impact events, although some of the landscape has been altered by eolian processes. Impacts ejected basaltic rocks that probably were part of locally formed lava flows from at least 10 meters depth. Some rocks have been textured and/or partially buried by windblown sediments less than 2 millimeters in diameter that concentrate within shallow, partially filled, circular impact depressions referred to as hollows. The terrain traversed during the 90-sol (martian solar day) nominal mission shows no evidence for an ancient lake in Gusev crater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - PHYSICAL geography
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14155297; Grant, J. A. 1; Email Address: grantj@nasm.si.edu Arvidson, R. 2 Bell III, J. F. 3 Cabrol, N. A. 4 Carr, M. H. 5 Christensen, P. 6 Crumpier, L. 7 Marais, D. J. Des 8 Ehlmann, B. L. 2 Farmer, J. 6 Golombek, M. 9 Grant, F. D. 6 Greeley, R. 6 Herkenhoff, K. 10 Li, R. 11 McSween, H. Y. 12 Ming, D. W. 13 Moersch, J. 12 Rice Jr.,, J. W. 6 Ruff, S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.  3: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 148S3, USA.  4: NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  5: U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.  6: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.  7: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1801 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA.  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  10: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.  11: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.  12: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 379%, USA.  13: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; Source Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p807; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: PHYSICAL geography; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2812
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bartlett, P.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Farrand, B.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Gorevan, S. P.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Haldemann, A. F. C.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, J.
AU  - Landis, G.
AU  - Madsen, M. B.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Moersch, J.
AU  - Rice Jr., J. W.
T1  - Wind-Related Processes Detected by the Spirit Rover atGusev Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 810
EP  - 821
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Wind-abraded rocks, ripples, drifts, and other deposits of windblown sediments are seen at the Columbia Memorial Station where the Spirit rover landed. Orientations of these features suggest formative winds from the north-northwest, consistent with predictions from atmospheric models of afternoon winds in Gusev Crater. Cuttings from the rover Rock Abrasion Tool are asymmetrically distributed toward the south-southeast, suggesting active winds from the north-northwest at the time (midday) of the abrasion operations. Characteristics of some rocks, such as a two-toned appearance, suggest that they were possibly buried and exhumed on the order of 5 to 60 centimeters by wind deflation, depending on location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - PHYSICAL geography
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14155298; Greeley, R. 1; Email Address: Greeley@asu.edu Squyres, S. W. 2 Arvidson, R. E. 3 Bartlett, P. 4 Bell III, J. F. 2 Blaney, D. 5 Cabrol, N. A. 6 Farmer, J. 1 Farrand, B. 7 Golombek, M. P. 5 Gorevan, S. P. 4 Grant, J. A. 8 Haldemann, A. F. C. 5 Herkenhoff, K. E. 9 Johnson, J. 9 Landis, G. 5 Madsen, M. B. 10 McLennan, S. M. 11 Moersch, J. 12 Rice Jr., J. W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA.  2: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 428 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 15853-1301, USA.  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63031-4899, USA.  4: Honeybee Robotics, 204 Elizabeth Street, New York, NY 10012, USA.  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA.  6: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  7: Space Science Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.  8: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560-0315, USA.  9: U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1698, USA.  10: Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics, and Geophysics, Center for Planetary Science and Ørsted Laboratory, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.  11: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA.  12: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Room 306, Knoxville, TN 379%, USA.; Source Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p810; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: PHYSICAL geography; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 15 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3851
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Anderson, R. C.
AU  - Bartlett, P.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Chu, P.
AU  - Grumpler, L
AU  - Davis, K.
AU  - L.Ehlmann, B.
AU  - Fergason, R.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Gorevan, S.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Guinness, E. A.
AU  - Haldemann, A. F. C.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K.
AU  - Johnson, J.
AU  - Landis, G.
T1  - Localization and Physical Properties Experiments Conductedby Spirit at Gusev Crater.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 824
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The precise location and relative elevation of Spirit during its traverses from the Columbia Memorial station to Bonneville crater were determined with bundleadjusted retrievals from rover wheel turns, suspension and tilt angles, and overlapping images. Physical properties experiments show a decrease of 0.2% per Mars solar day in solar cell output resulting from deposition of airborne dust, cohesive soil-like deposits in plains and hollows, bright and dark rock coatings, and relatively weak volcanic rocks of basaltic composition. Volcanic, impact, aeolian, and water-related processes produced the encountered landforms and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14155299; Arvidson, R. E. 1 Anderson, R. C. 2 Bartlett, P. 3 Bell III, J. F. 4 Blaney, D. 2 Christensen, P. R. 5 Chu, P. 3 Grumpler, L 6 Davis, K. 3 L.Ehlmann, B. 1 Fergason, R. 5 Golombek, M. P. 2 Gorevan, S. 3 Grant, J. A. 7 Greeley, R. 5 Guinness, E. A. 1 Haldemann, A. F. C. 2 Herkenhoff, K. 8 Johnson, J. 8 Landis, G. 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  3: Honeybee Robotics, 204 Elizabeth Street, New York, NY 10012, USA.  4: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.  6: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA.  7: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.  8: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.  9: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p821; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2691
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R.
AU  - Bass, D. S.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Bertelsen, P.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Gaddis, L.
AU  - Hayes, A. G.
AU  - Hviid, S. F.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
AU  - Kinch, K. M.
AU  - Madsen, M. B.
AU  - Maki, J. N.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - McSween, H. Y.
AU  - Rice Jr., J. W.
AU  - Sims, M.
AU  - Smith., P. H.
AU  - Soderblom, L. A.
T1  - Textures of the Soils and Rocks at Gusev Crater fromSpirit's Microscopic Imager.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 824
EP  - 826
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Microscopic Imager on the Spirit rover analyzed the textures of the soil and rocks at Gusev crater on Mars at a resolution of 100 micrometers. Weakly bound agglomerates of dust are present in the soil near the Columbia Memorial Station. Some of the brushed or abraded rock surfaces show igneous textures and evidence for alteration rinds, coatings, and veins consistent with secondary mineralization. The rock textures are consistent with a volcanic origin and subsequent alteration and/or weathering by impact events, wind, and possibly water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SOILS
KW  - ECONOMIC geology
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - AGRICULTURAL resources
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14155300; Herkenhoff, K. E. 1; Email Address: kherkenhoff@usgs.gov Squyres, S. W. 2 Arvidson, R. 3 Bass, D. S. 4 Bell III, J. F. 2 Bertelsen, P. 5 Cabrol, N. A. 6 Gaddis, L. 1 Hayes, A. G. 2 Hviid, S. F. 7 Johnson, J. R. 1 Kinch, K. M. 8 Madsen, M. B. 5 Maki, J. N. 4 McLennan, S. M. 9 McSween, H. Y. 10 Rice Jr., J. W. 11 Sims, M. 12 Smith., P. H. 13 Soderblom, L. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Team, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.  2: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  5: Center for Planetary Science, Danish Space Research Institute and Niels Bohr Institute for Astronomy, Physics, and Geophysics, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.  6: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  7: Max Planck Institut für Aeronomie, Katlenburg-Lindau, D-37191, Germany.  8: Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.  9: State University of New York, Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.  10: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.  11: Arizona State University, Department of Geological Sciences, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.  12: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  13: University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.; Source Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p824; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: ECONOMIC geology; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL resources; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2235
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Rieder, R.
AU  - Anderson, R. C.
AU  - Brückner, J.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Dreibus, G.
AU  - Economou, T.
AU  - Klingelhöfer, G.
AU  - Lugmair, G. W.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - d'Uston, C.
AU  - Wänke, H.
AU  - Yen, A.
AU  - Zipfel, J.
T1  - Chemistry of Rocks and Soils in Gusev Crater from the AlphaParticle X-ray Spectrometer.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 829
EP  - 833
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The alpha particle x-ray spectrometer on the Spirit rover determined major and minor elements of soils and rocks in Gusev crater in order to unravel the crustal evolution of planet Mars. The composition of soils is similar to those at previous landing sites, as a result of global mixing and distribution by dust storms. Rocks (fresh surfaces exposed by the rock abrasion tool) resemble volcanic rocks of primitive basaltic composition with low intrinsic potassium contents. High abundance of bromine (up to 170 parts per million) in rocks may indicate the alteration of surfaces formed during a past period of aqueous activity in Gusev crater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - BROMINE
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14155302; Gellert, R. 1,2; Email Address: gellert@mpch-mainz.mpg.de. Rieder, R. 1 Anderson, R. C. 3 Brückner, J. 1 Clark, B. C. 4 Dreibus, G. 1 Economou, T. 5 Klingelhöfer, G. 2 Lugmair, G. W. 1 Ming, D. W. 6 Squyres, S. W. 7 d'Uston, C. 8 Wänke, H. 1 Yen, A. 3 Zipfel, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, J. J. Becher-Weg 27, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.  2: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, J. Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 911091, USA.  4: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA.  5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Research, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.  6: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX 77058, USA.  7: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  8: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, F-31028, Toulouse, France.; Source Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p829; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: BROMINE; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3234
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McSween, H. Y.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Crisp, J. A.
AU  - Grumpier, L. S.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
AU  - Farmer, J. D.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Chosh, A.
AU  - Gorevan, S.
AU  - Graff, T.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Haskin, L A.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
AU  - Jolliff, B. L.
T1  - Basaltic Rocks Analyzed by the Spirit Rover in Gusev Crater.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/08/06/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5685
M3  - Article
SP  - 842
EP  - 845
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Spirit landing site in Gusev Crater on Mars contains dark, fine-grained, vesicular rocks interpreted as lavas. Pancam and Mini-Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) spectra suggest that all of these rocks are similar but have variable coatings and dust mantles. Magnified images of brushed and abraded rock surfaces show alteration rinds and veins. Rock interiors contain <25% megacrysts. Chemical analyses of rocks by the Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer are consistent with picritic basalts, containing normative olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclase, and accessory FeTi oxides. Mössbauer, Pancam, and MiniTES spectra confirm the presence of olivine, magnetite, and probably pyroxene. These basalts extend the known range of rock compositions composing the martian crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - IRON ores
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14155305; McSween, H. Y. 1; Email Address: mcsween@utk.edu Arvidson, R. E. 2 Bell III, J. F. 3 Blaney, D. 4 Cabrol, N. A. 5 Christensen, P. R. 6 Clark, B. C. 7 Crisp, J. A. 4 Grumpier, L. S. 8 Des Marais, D. J. 5 Farmer, J. D. 6 Gellert, R. 9 Chosh, A. 1 Gorevan, S. 10 Graff, T. 6 Grant, J. 11 Haskin, L A. 2 Herkenhoff, K. E. 12 Johnson, J. R. 12 Jolliff, B. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA.  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA.  3: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA.  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA.  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  6: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6305, USA.  7: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA.  8: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA.  9: Max Planck Institut fur Chemie, D-55099 Mainz, Germany.  10: Honeybee Robotics, New York, NY 10012, USA.  11: National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.  12: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1698, USA.; Source Info: 8/6/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5685, p842; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: IRON ores; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213117 Contract drilling (except oil and gas); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2607
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, Ji
AU  - Xu, Tian-Bing
AU  - Zhang, Shujun
AU  - Shrout, Thomas R.
AU  - Zhang, Qiming
T1  - An electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid actuation system for enhanced electromechanical performance.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/08/09/
VL  - 85
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1045
EP  - 1047
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A hybrid actuation system (HYBAS) utilizing advantages of a combination of electromechanical responses of an electrostrictive copolymer and an electroactive single crystal has been developed. The system employs the contributions of the actuation elements cooperatively. The theoretical modeling of the performances of the HYBAS is in good agreement with experimental observation. The consistency between the theoretical modeling and the experimental tests makes the design concept an effective route for tailoring and maximizing electrically driven displacement of the hybrid actuation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDUCTING polymers
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14019750; Su, Ji 1; Email Address: j.su@larc.nasa.gov Xu, Tian-Bing 2 Zhang, Shujun 3 Shrout, Thomas R. 3 Zhang, Qiming 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23481  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, Virginia 23666  3: Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: 8/9/2004, Vol. 85 Issue 6, p1045; Subject Term: CONDUCTING polymers; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1779341
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castro
AU  - S. L.
AU  - Bailey
AU  - S. G.
AU  - Raffaelle
AU  - R. P.
AU  - Banger
AU  - K. K.
AU  - Hepp
AU  - A. F.
T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal CuInS2 Nanoparticles from a Molecular Single-Source Precursor.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/08/09/
VL  - 108
IS  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 12429
EP  - 12435
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Thermal decomposition of the molecular single-source precursor (PPh3)2CuIn(SEt)4 in the presence of hexanethiol in dioctylphthalate forms colloidal CuInS2 at 200 °C. The colloidal solution displays size-dependent quantum confinement behavior in the absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The average size of the nanocrystals can be increased from 2 to 4 nm by raising the reaction temperature from 200 °C to 250 °C. The nanoparticles are capped with hexanethiol ligands; these ligands can be exchanged with trioctylphosphine oxide or pyridine. The nature of the surface-capping ligands has a significant effect on the photoluminescence emission intensity. Investigation of the effect of synthesis parameters and postsynthesis treatments on the optical properties of the nanocrystals leads to the conclusion that the room-temperature emission originates in donor-acceptor defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - NANOCRYSTALS
KW  - LIGANDS
KW  - COORDINATION compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 14936126; Castro S. L. 1 Bailey S. G. 1 Raffaelle R. P. 1 Banger K. K. 1 Hepp A. F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142, Photovoltaics and Space Environments Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, and Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 108 Issue 33, p12429; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: LIGANDS; Subject Term: COORDINATION compounds; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castro
AU  - S. L.
AU  - Bailey
AU  - S. G.
AU  - Raffaelle
AU  - R. P.
AU  - Banger
AU  - K. K.
AU  - Hepp
AU  - A. F.
T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal CuInS2 Nanoparticles from a Molecular Single-Source Precursor.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/08/09/
VL  - 108
IS  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 12429
EP  - 12435
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Thermal decomposition of the molecular single-source precursor (PPh3)2CuIn(SEt)4 in the presence of hexanethiol in dioctylphthalate forms colloidal CuInS2 at 200 °C. The colloidal solution displays size-dependent quantum confinement behavior in the absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The average size of the nanocrystals can be increased from 2 to 4 nm by raising the reaction temperature from 200 °C to 250 °C. The nanoparticles are capped with hexanethiol ligands; these ligands can be exchanged with trioctylphosphine oxide or pyridine. The nature of the surface-capping ligands has a significant effect on the photoluminescence emission intensity. Investigation of the effect of synthesis parameters and postsynthesis treatments on the optical properties of the nanocrystals leads to the conclusion that the room-temperature emission originates in donor-acceptor defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - LIGANDS
KW  - PYRIDINE
N1  - Accession Number: 14936177; Castro S. L. 1 Bailey S. G. 1 Raffaelle R. P. 1 Banger K. K. 1 Hepp A. F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142, Photovoltaics and Space Environments Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, and Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 108 Issue 33, p12429; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: LIGANDS; Subject Term: PYRIDINE; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Pereira, J. Michael
AU  - Janosik, Lesley A.
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
T1  - Foreign object damage in flexure bars of two gas-turbine grade silicon nitrides
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2004/08/15/
VL  - 379
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 411
EP  - 419
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Foreign object damage (FOD) behavior of two commercial gas-turbine grade silicon nitrides, AS800 and SN282, was determined at ambient temperature through strength testing of flexure test specimens impacted by steel ball projectiles with a diameter of 1.59 mm in a velocity range from 220 to 440 m/s. AS800 silicon nitride exhibited a greater FOD resistance than SN282, primarily due to its greater value of fracture toughness (KIc). The use of an additional equiaxed, fine-grained silicon nitride (NC132) showed that fracture toughness was a key material parameter affecting FOD resistance. The observed damages generated by projectile impact were typically in the forms of well- or ill-developed ring and cone cracks with little presence of radial cracks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - SILICON
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - Foreign object damage
KW  - Impact damage
KW  - Mechanical testing
KW  - Silicon nitrides
N1  - Accession Number: 13805951; Choi, Sung R.; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Pereira, J. Michael 1 Janosik, Lesley A. 1 Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 379 Issue 1/2, p411; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foreign object damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitrides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kotchenova, Svetlana Y.
AU  - Song, Xiangdong
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Potter, Christopher S.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Lidar remote sensing for modeling gross primary production of deciduous forests
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2004/08/15/
VL  - 92
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 172
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The influence of foliage vertical distribution on vegetation gross primary production (GPP) is investigated in this study. A new photosynthesis model has been created that combines the standard sunlit/shaded leaf separation (two-leaf) and the multiple layer approaches and uses vertical foliage profiles measured by SLICER (the Scanning Lidar Imager of Canopies by Echo Recovery). Daily gross carbon assimilation rates calculated by this model were compared with the rates calculated by two other models, the two-leaf model and the combined two-leaf multilayer model utilizing uniform foliage profiles. The comparison was made over a wide range of profiles and weather conditions for two mixed deciduous forest stands in eastern Maryland, measured by SLICER in September 1995. Incident radiation pattern, environmental parameters and total amounts of sunlit and shaded leaves were the same for all three models. The difference was in the distributions of radiation and sunlit/shaded leaves inside the canopy. For the combined models, these distributions were calculated based on the vertical foliage profiles, while for the two-leaf model, empirical equations were used to account for the average amounts of absorbed radiation. The simulations showed that: (1) the use of a uniform foliage distribution instead of the actual one results in large differences in the calculated GPP values, up to 46.4% and 50.7% for the days with partial and total cloud cover; (2) the performance of the two-leaf model is extremely sensitive to the absorbed radiation pattern, its disagreement with the proposed model becomes insignificant when the average amounts of absorbed radiation are the same; (3) days with partial cloud cover and a greater fraction of diffuse radiation are characterized by higher GPP rates. These findings highlight the importance of vertical foliage profile and separate treatments of diffuse and direct radiation for photosynthesis modeling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - LEAVES
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - Lidar remote sensing
KW  - Photosynthesis model
KW  - Vertical foliage profiles
N1  - Accession Number: 14103618; Kotchenova, Svetlana Y. 1; Email Address: skotchen@bu.edu Song, Xiangdong 1 Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1 Potter, Christopher S. 2 Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, #457, Boston, MA, 02215, USA  2: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 92 Issue 2, p158; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: LEAVES; Subject Term: RADIATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosynthesis model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertical foliage profiles; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Joseph G.
AU  - Delozier, Donavon M.
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Watson, Kent A.
T1  - Carbon nanotube-conductive additive-space durable polymer nanocomposite films for electrostatic charge dissipation
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2004/08/19/
VL  - 45
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 6133
EP  - 6142
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Thin film membranes of space environmentally stable polymeric materials possessing low color/solar absorptivity (α) are of interest for potential applications on Gossamer spacecraft. In addition to these properties, sufficient electrical conductivity is required in order to dissipate electrostatic charge (ESC) build-up brought about by the charged orbital environment. One approach to achieve sufficient electrical conductivity for ESC mitigation is by the incorporation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). However, when SWNTs are dispersed throughout the polymer matrix, the nanocomposite films tend to be significantly darker than the pristine material resulting in a higher α. The incorporation of conductive additives in combination with a decreased SWNT loading level is one approach for improving α while retaining conductivity. Taken individually, the low loading level of conductive additives and SWNTs was insufficient in achieving the percolation level necessary for electrical conductivity. When added concurrently to the film, conductivity was achieved. The chemistry, physical and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite films will be presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOMECHANICS
KW  - THIN films
KW  - ADDITIVES
KW  - THICK films
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - Electrostatic charge mitigation
KW  - Low color polyimides
KW  - Nanocomposites
N1  - Accession Number: 19298496; Smith, Joseph G. 1; Email Address: joseph.g.smith@nasa.gov Delozier, Donavon M. 1 Connell, John W. 1 Watson, Kent A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 226, Hampton VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 45 Issue 18, p6133; Subject Term: BIOMECHANICS; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: ADDITIVES; Subject Term: THICK films; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic charge mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low color polyimides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposites; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brès, G.A.
AU  - Brentner, K.S.
AU  - Perez, G.
AU  - Jones, H.E.
T1  - Maneuvering rotorcraft noise prediction
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2004/08/23/
VL  - 275
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 719
EP  - 738
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - This paper presents the unique aspects of the development of an entirely new maneuver noise prediction code called PSU-WOPWOP. The main focus of this work is development of a noise prediction methodology, which will enable the study of the aeroacoustic aspects a rotorcraft in maneuvering flight. It is assumed that the aeromechanical data (namely aircraft and blade motion, blade airloads) are provided as input data. This new noise prediction capability was developed for rotors in steady and transient maneuvering flight. Featuring an object-oriented design, the PSU-WOPWOP code allows great flexibility for complex rotor configuration and motion (including multiple rotors and full aircraft motion). The relative locations and number of hinges, flexures, and body motions can be arbitrarily specified to match any specific rotorcraft. An analysis of algorithm efficiency was performed for maneuver noise prediction along with a description of the tradeoffs made specifically for the maneuvering noise problem. Noise predictions for the mainrotor of a rotorcraft in steady descent, transient (arrested) descent, hover and a “pop-up” maneuver are demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANEUVERING boards
KW  - AIDS to navigation
KW  - FORECASTING
KW  - NOISE
N1  - Accession Number: 13475221; Brès, G.A. 1 Brentner, K.S. 1; Email Address: ksbrentner@psu.edu Perez, G. 1 Jones, H.E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, AMRDEC, U.S. Army Aviation and Missile Command, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 275 Issue 3-5, p719; Subject Term: MANEUVERING boards; Subject Term: AIDS to navigation; Subject Term: FORECASTING; Subject Term: NOISE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.07.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Gauci, Vincent
AU  - Matthews, Elaine
AU  - Dise, Nancy
AU  - Walter, Bernadette
AU  - Koch, Dorothy
AU  - Granberg, Gunnar
AU  - Vile, Melanie
T1  - Sulfur pollution suppression of the wetland methane source in the 20th and 21st centuries.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/08/24/
VL  - 101
IS  - 34
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 12583
EP  - 12587
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Natural wetlands form the largest source of methane (CH4) to the atmosphere. Emission of this powerful greenhouse gas from wetlands is known to depend on climate, with increasing temperature and rainfall both expected to increase methane emissions. This study, combining our field and controlled environment manipulation studies in Europe and North America, reveals an additional control: an emergent pattern of increasing suppression of methane (CH4) emission from peatlands with increasing sulfate (SO42--S) deposition, within the range of global acid deposition. We apply a model of this relationship to demonstrate the potential effect of changes in global sulfate deposition from 1960 to 2080 on both northern peatland and global wetland CH4 emissions. We estimate that sulfur pollution may currently counteract climate-induced growth in the wetland source, reducing CH4 emissions by &ap; 15 Tg or 8% smaller than it would be in the absence of global acid deposition. Our findings suggest that by 2030 sulfur pollution may be sufficient to reduce CH4 emissions by 26 Tg or 15% of the total wetland source, a proportion as large as other components of the CH4 budget that have until now received far greater attention. We conclude that documented increases in atmospheric CH4 concentration since the late 19th century are likely due to factors other than the global warming of wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - POLLUTION
KW  - SULFUR
KW  - WETLANDS
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - GLOBAL warming
N1  - Accession Number: 14449139; Gauci, Vincent 1; Email Address: v.gauci@open.ac.uk Matthews, Elaine 2 Dise, Nancy 1,3 Walter, Bernadette 2 Koch, Dorothy 2 Granberg, Gunnar 4 Vile, Melanie 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom.  2: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025.  3: Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085.  4: Department of Forest Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umea, Sweden.  5: Patrick Center for Environmental Research, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103.; Source Info: 8/24/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 34, p12583; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: POLLUTION; Subject Term: SULFUR; Subject Term: WETLANDS; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0404412101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Groce, Alex
AU  - Visser, Willem
T1  - Heuristics for model checking Java programs.
JO  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
JF  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
Y1  - 2004/08/31/
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 276
SN  - 14332779
AB  - Model checking of software programs has two goals - the verification of correct software and the discovery of errors in faulty software. Some techniques for dealing with the most crucial problem in model checking, the state space explosion problem, concentrate on the first of these goals. In this paper we present an array of heuristic model checking techniques for combating the state space explosion when searching for errors. Previous work on this topic has mostly focused on property-specific heuristics closely related to particular kinds of errors. We present structural heuristics that attempt to explore the structure (branching structure, thread interdependency structure, abstraction structure) of a program in a manner intended to expose errors efficiently. Experimental results show the utility of this class of heuristics. In contrast to these very general heuristics, we also present very lightweight techniques for introducing program-specific heuristic guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JAVA (Computer program language)
KW  - HEURISTIC programming
KW  - COMPUTER software -- Verification
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - ERROR messages (Computer science)
KW  - Coverage metrics
KW  - Heuristic search
KW  - Model checking
KW  - Testing
N1  - Accession Number: 15244945; Groce, Alex 1; Email Address: agroce@cs.cmu.edu Visser, Willem 2; Email Address: wvisser@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University  2: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Aug2004, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p260; Subject Term: JAVA (Computer program language); Subject Term: HEURISTIC programming; Subject Term: COMPUTER software -- Verification; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: ERROR messages (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coverage metrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heuristic search; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10009-003-0130-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caspi, Avi
AU  - Beutter, Brent R.
AU  - Eckstein, Miguel P.
T1  - The time course of visual information accrual guiding eye movement decisions.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/08/31/
VL  - 101
IS  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 13086
EP  - 13090
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Saccadic eye movements are the result of neural decisions about where to move the eyes. These decisions are based on visual information accumulated before the saccade; however, during an &ap;100-ms interval immediately before the initiation of an eye movement new visual information cannot influence the decision. Does the brain simply ignore information presented during this brief interval or is the information used for the subsequent saccade? Our study examines how and when the brain integrates visual information through time to drive saccades during visual search. We introduce a new technique, saccade-contingent reverse correlation, that measures the time course of visual information accrual driving the first and second saccades. Observers searched for a contrast-defined target among distractors. Independent contrast noise was added to the target and distractors every 25 ms. Only noise presented in the time interval in which the brain accumulates information will influence the saccadic decisions. Therefore, we can retrieve the time course of saccadic information accrual by averaging the time course of the noise, aligned to saccade initiation, across all trials with saccades to distractors. Results show that before the first saccade, visual information is being accumulated simultaneously for the first and second saccades. Furthermore, information presented immediately before the first saccade is not used in making the first saccadic decision but instead is stored and used by the neural processes driving the second saccade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - SACCADIC eye movements
KW  - BRAIN
KW  - VISION
KW  - NEURAL stimulation
KW  - NOISE
N1  - Accession Number: 14562696; Caspi, Avi 1,2; Email Address: avi.caspi@psych.ucsb.edu Beutter, Brent R. 3 Eckstein, Miguel P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106.  2: The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel.  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.; Source Info: 8/31/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 35, p13086; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: SACCADIC eye movements; Subject Term: BRAIN; Subject Term: VISION; Subject Term: NEURAL stimulation; Subject Term: NOISE; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0305329101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Michael Andrew
T1  - Adjoint-Based, Three-Dimensional Error Prediction and Grid Adaptation.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 42
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1854
EP  - 1862
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Engineering computational fluid dynamics analysis and design applications often focus on output functions, such as lift or drag. Errors in these output functions are generally unknown, and conservatively accurate solutions may be computed. Computable error estimates can offer the possibility to minimize computational work for a prescribed error tolerance. Such an estimate can be computed by solution of the flow equations and the linear adjoint problem for the functional of interest. The computational mesh can be modified to minimize the uncertainty of a computed error estimate. This robust mesh-adaptation procedure automatically terminates when the simulation is within a user-specified error tolerance. This procedure for estimation and adaptation to error in a functional is demonstrated for three-dimensional Euler problems. An adaptive mesh procedure that links to a CAD surface representation is demonstrated for wing, wing-body, and extruded high lift airfoil configurations. The error estimation and adaptation procedure yielded corrected functions that are as accurate as functions calculated on uniformly refined grids with many more grid points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMPUTER-aided design
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ENGINEERING
N1  - Accession Number: 14583964; Park, Michael Andrew 1; Email Address: Michael.A.Park@NASA.Gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 42 Issue 9, p1854; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided design; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tianshu Liu
T1  - Geometric and Kinematic Aspects of Image-Based Measurements of Deformable Bodies.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 42
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1910
EP  - 1920
SN  - 00011452
AB  - From the viewpoint of an experimental fluid dynamicist, theoretical foundations of quantitative image-based measurements for extracting geometric and kinematic properties of deformable bodies like fluids are discussed. New results are obtained by using a combination of methods in perspective and differential geometry and continuum mechanics. Topics include perspective projection transformation, perspective developable conical surface and its applications, perspective projection of motion field on surface, the correspondence problem, composite image space, perspective invariants, and motion equations of image intensity. The developed methods provide useful tools for experimentalists to determine morphology and motion field of deformable bodies from images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - GEOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 14583970; Tianshu Liu 1; Email Address: t.liu@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 42 Issue 9, p1910; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duval, Walter M. B.
T1  - Flow field topology of transient mixing driven by buoyancy.
JO  - Chaos
JF  - Chaos
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 716
EP  - 738
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10541500
AB  - Transient mixing driven by buoyancy occurs through the birth of a symmetric Rayleigh–Taylor morphology (RTM) structure for large length scales. Beyond its critical bifurcation the RTM structure exhibits self-similarity and occurs on smaller and smaller length scales. The dynamics of the RTM structure, its nonlinear growth and internal collision, show that its genesis occurs from an explosive bifurcation which leads to the overlap of resonance regions in phase space. This event shows the coexistence of regular and chaotic regions in phase space which is corroborated with the existence of horseshoe maps. A measure of local chaos given by the topological entropy indicates that as the system evolves there is growth of uncertainty. Breakdown of the dissipative RTM structure occurs during the transition from explosive to catastrophic bifurcation; this event gives rise to annihilation of the separatrices which drives overlap of resonance regions. The global bifurcation of explosive and catastrophic events in phase space for the large length scale of the RTM structure serves as a template for which mixing occurs on smaller and smaller length scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chaos is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOPOLOGY
KW  - SET theory
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - LINEAR algebras
KW  - TOPOLOGICAL dynamics
KW  - MORPHOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 14418999; Duval, Walter M. B. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p716; Subject Term: TOPOLOGY; Subject Term: SET theory; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: LINEAR algebras; Subject Term: TOPOLOGICAL dynamics; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1765031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maiti, Amitesh
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
T1  - Metal–nanotube interactions – binding energies and wetting properties
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 395
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 11
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Recent experiments indicate wide variation of the quality of metal–nanotube contacts with the choice of metal. With Au, Pt and Pd as examples, we present DFT results for the interaction of a metal atom, monolayer, multilayer and cluster with a graphene surface, a representative of wide-diameter carbon nanotubes. We also study nanotubes placed on flat metal surfaces. We discover interesting effects including, strong variations of binding energy as a function of metal configuration, and cross-section-deformation of nanotubes placed on Pt and Pd surfaces driven by sp2→sp3 transition of metal-adjacent C-atoms. The results provide an explanation for poorer Pt-contacts as compared to Pd. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - MONOMOLECULAR films
KW  - FORCE & energy
N1  - Accession Number: 14188173; Maiti, Amitesh; Email Address: amaiti@accelrys.com Ricca, Alessandra 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 395 Issue 1-3, p7; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: MONOMOLECULAR films; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goyal, Vinay K.
AU  - Johnson, Eric R.
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
T1  - Irreversible constitutive law for modeling the delamination process using interfacial surface discontinuities
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 65
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 289
EP  - 305
SN  - 02638223
AB  - An irreversible cohesive–decohesive constitutive law is postulated for interfacial surface discontinuities to predict initiation and progression of delamination. An exponential function is used for the constitutive law that naturally satisfies a multi-axial stress criterion for the onset of delamination and a mixed mode fracture criterion for the progression of delamination. The constitutive equations are made thermomechanically consistent by including a damage parameter to prevent the restoration of the previous cohesive state between the interfacial surfaces. To demonstrate the capability to predict delamination and the irreversibility capability of the constitutive law, steady-state delamination growth is simulated for quasi-static loading–unloading cycle of various fracture test specimens. The finite element results are in good agreement with either experimental data available in the literature or with linear elastic fracture mechanics analytical solutions which are valid for sufficiently long cracks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - PENETRATION mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - Cohesive–decohesive
KW  - Constitutive law
KW  - Decohesion elements
KW  - Delamination
N1  - Accession Number: 13623616; Goyal, Vinay K. 1; Email Address: vigoyal@vt.edu Johnson, Eric R. 2; Email Address: erjohns4@vt.edu Dávila, Carlos G. 3; Email Address: c.g.davila@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: P.O. Box 1528, El Segundo, CA 90245-1528, USA  2: Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, 215 Randolph Hall, MS 0203, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0203, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 240, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 65 Issue 3/4, p289; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: PENETRATION mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive–decohesive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constitutive law; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decohesion elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2003.11.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thakoor, Sarita
AU  - Morookian, John Michael
AU  - Chahl, Javaan
AU  - Hine, Butler
AU  - Zornetzer, Steve
T1  - BEES: Exploring Mars with Bioinspired Technologies. (Cover story)
JO  - Computer (00189162)
JF  - Computer (00189162)
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 37
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 47
SN  - 00189162
AB  - To enable autonomous flight, bioinspired engineering of exploration systems (BEES) technology is applied to the development of bioinspired visual navigation sensors integrated on small flyers. Inspiration for these BEES designs is drawn from insects, which use ingenious strategies, including optic flow, for navigating successfully in thee dimensions. Distilling these principles from biology enables the development of efficient, compact, yet sophisticated autopilots for robotic aircraft embarking on planetary exploration missions, The bioinspired sensor suite shown in this article is composed of dragonfly-inspired ocelli for flight stabilization and attitude referencing; honeybee-inspired optic flow for terrain following, lateral-drift containment, and localization; and sun and sky polarization-based compassing.
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - AUTOMATIC pilot (Airplanes)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - AUTONOMOUS robots
N1  - Accession Number: 14438711; Thakoor, Sarita 1; Email Address: sarita.thakoor@jpl.nasa.gov Morookian, John Michael 1; Email Address: Johnmichael.Morookian@jpl.nasa.gov Chahl, Javaan 2; Email Address: javaan.chahl@anu.edu.au Hine, Butler 3; Email Address: Butler.P.Hine@nasa.gov Zornetzer, Steve 3; Email Address: szornetzer@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  2: Australian National University  3: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p38; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: AUTOMATIC pilot (Airplanes); Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: AUTONOMOUS robots; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 5 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bar-Ilan, A.
AU  - Rein, G.
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, A.C.
AU  - Torero, J.L.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
T1  - Forced forward smoldering experiments in microgravity
JO  - Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science
JF  - Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 28
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 743
EP  - 751
SN  - 08941777
AB  - Results from two forward forced-flow smolder tests on polyurethane foam using air as oxidizer conducted aboard the NASA Space Shuttle (STS-105 and STS-108 missions) are presented in this work. The two tests provide the only presently available forward smolder data in microgravity. A complimentary series of ground-based tests were also conducted to determine, by comparison with the microgravity data, the effect of gravity on the forward smolder propagation. The objective of the study is to provide a better understanding of the controlling mechanisms of smolder for the purpose of control and prevention, both in normal- and microgravity. The data consists of temperature histories from thermocouples placed at various axial locations along the fuel sample centerline, and of permeability histories obtained from ultrasonic transducer pairs also located at various axial positions in the fuel sample. A comparison of the tests conducted in normal- and microgravity indicates that smolder propagation velocities are higher in microgravity than in normal gravity, and that there is a greater tendency for a transition to flame in microgravity than in normal gravity. This is due primarily to the reduced heat losses in the microgravity environment, leading to increased char oxidation. This observation is confirmed through a simplified one-dimensional model of the forward smolder propagation. This finding has important implications from the point of view of fire safety in a space-based environment, since smolder can often occur in the forward mode and potentially lead to a smolder-initiated fire. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYURETHANES
KW  - FIRE prevention
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - Buoyancy effects
KW  - Forward forced flow
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Smoldering combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 13806636; Bar-Ilan, A. 1 Rein, G. 1 Fernandez-Pello, A.C. 1; Email Address: ferpello@me.berkeley.edu Torero, J.L. 2 Urban, D.L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: School of Engineering and Electronics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 28 Issue 7, p743; Subject Term: POLYURETHANES; Subject Term: FIRE prevention; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buoyancy effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forward forced flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smoldering combustion; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2003.12.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Camanho, P.P.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
AU  - Pinho, S.T.
T1  - Fracture analysis of composite co-cured structural joints using decohesion elements.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 27
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 745
EP  - 757
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - Delamination is one of the predominant forms of failure in laminated composite structures, especially when there is no reinforcement in the thickness direction. To develop composite structures that are more damage tolerant, it is necessary to understand how delamination develops, and how it can affect the residual performance. A number of factors such as residual thermal stresses, matrix-curing shrinkage and manufacturing defects affect how damage will grow in a composite structure. It is important to develop computationally efficient analysis methods that can account for all such factors. The objective of the current work is to apply a newly developed decohesion element to investigate the debond strength of skin-stiffener composite specimens. The process of initiation of delaminations and the propagation of delamination fronts is investigated. The numerical predictions are compared with published experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - EXPANSION of solids
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - TEMPERATURE
N1  - Accession Number: 14053360; Camanho, P.P. 1; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt Dávila, C.G. 2 Pinho, S.T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Portugal  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 27 Issue 9, p745; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: EXPANSION of solids; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - doi: 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2004.00695.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min-Ju Liao
AU  - Johnson, Walter W.
T1  - Characterizing the Effects of Droplines on Target Acquisition Performance on a 3-D Perspective Display.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2004///Fall2004
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 476
EP  - 496
SN  - 00187208
AB  - The present study investigated the effects of droplines on target acquisition performance on a 3-D perspective display in which participants were required to move a cursor into a target cube as quickly as possible. Participants' performance and coordination strategies were characterized using both Fitts' law and acquisition patterns of the 3 viewer-centered target display dimensions (azimuth, elevation, and range). Participants' movement trajectories were recorded and used to determine movement times for acquisitions of the entire target and of each of its display dimensions. The goodness of fit of the data to a modified Fitts function varied widely among participants, and the presence of droplines did not have observable impacts on the goodness of fit. However, droplines helped participants navigate via straighter paths and particularly benefited range dimension acquisition. A general preference for visually overlapping the target with the cursor prior to capturing the target was found. Potential applications of this research include the design of interactive 3-D perspective displays in which fast and accurate selection and manipulation of content residing at multiple ranges may be a challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TARGET acquisition
KW  - THREE-dimensional display systems
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - MOTOR ability
KW  - PERCEPTUAL-motor processes
KW  - ERGONOMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 15115945; Min-Ju Liao 1; Email Address: mliao@mail.arc.nasa.gov Johnson, Walter W. 2; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University Foundation/NASDA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Fall2004, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p476; Subject Term: TARGET acquisition; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional display systems; Subject Term: TASK performance; Subject Term: MOTOR ability; Subject Term: PERCEPTUAL-motor processes; Subject Term: ERGONOMICS; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Craig S.
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - Modeling Information Navigation: Implications for Information Architecture.
JO  - Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 225
EP  - 271
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 07370024
AB  - Previous studies for menu and Web search tasks have suggested differing advice on the optimal number of selections per page. In this article, we examine this discrepancy through the use of a computational model of information navigation that simulates users navigating through a Web site. By varying the quality of the link labels in our simulations, we find that the optimal structure depends on the quality of the labels and are thus able to account for the results in the previous studies. We present additional empirical results to further validate the model and corroborate our findings. Finally we discuss our findings' implications for the information architecture of Web sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - INTERNET programming
KW  - WEBSITES
KW  - ELECTRONIC records
KW  - FILTERING software
N1  - Accession Number: 14413179; Miller, Craig S. 1 Remington, Roger W. 2; Affiliation:  1: DePaul University.  2: NASA Ames Research Center.; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p225; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: INTERNET programming; Subject Term: WEBSITES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC records; Subject Term: FILTERING software; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunn, David E.
AU  - Molnar, Lawrence A.
AU  - Niehof, Jon T.
AU  - de Pater, Imke
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Microwave observations of Saturn's rings: anisotropy in directly transmitted and scattered saturnian thermal emission
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 171
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 198
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We present a new Very Large Array (VLA) image of Saturn, made from data taken in October 1998 at a wavelength of <f>λ3.6</f> cm. The moderate ring opening angle (<f>B≈15°</f>) allows us to explore direct transmission of microwave photons through the A and C rings. We find a strong asymmetry of photons transmitted through the A ring, but not in the C ring, a new diagnostic of wake structure in the ring particles. We also find a weak asymmetry between east and west for the far side of the ansae. To facilitate quantitative comparison between dynamic models of the A ring and radio observations, we extend our Monte Carlo radiative transfer code (described in Dunn et al., 2002, Icarus 160, 132–160) to include idealized wakes. We show the idealized model can reproduce the properties of dynamic simulations in directly transmitted light. We examine the model behavior in directly transmitted and scattered light over a range of physical and geometric wake parameters. Finally, we present a wake model with a plausible set of physical parameters that quantitatively reproduces the observed intensity and asymmetry of the A ring both across the planet and in the ansae. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EASTERN question (Middle East)
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - RADIO (Medium)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - atmosphere (Saturn)
KW  - dynamics (atmospheres</kwd>)
KW  - planetary rings (Saturn)
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Radio observations
KW  - Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 14037484; Dunn, David E. 1,2; Email Address: ddunn@sierracollege.edu Molnar, Lawrence A. 3 Niehof, Jon T. 3 de Pater, Imke 2 Lissauer, Jack J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, Sierra College, Rocklin, CA 95677, USA  2: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, MI 49546, USA  4: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 171 Issue 1, p183; Subject Term: EASTERN question (Middle East); Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: RADIO (Medium); Subject Term: RADIATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere (Saturn); Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamics (atmospheres</kwd>); Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary rings (Saturn); Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515111 Radio Networks; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.04.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slade, Wayne H.
AU  - Ressom, Habtom W.
AU  - Musavi, Mohamad T.
AU  - Miller, Richard L.
T1  - Inversion of Ocean Color Observations Using Particle Swarm Optimization.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 42
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1915
EP  - 1923
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Inversion of ocean color reflectance measurements can be cast as an optimization problem, where particular parameters of a forward model are optimized in order to make the forward-modeled spectral reflectance match the spectral reflectance of a given in situ sample. Here, a simulated ocean color dataset is used to test the capability of a recently introduced global optimization process, particle swarm optimization (PSO), in the retrieval of optical properties from ocean color. The performance of the PSO method was compared with the more common genetic algorithms (GA) in terms of model accuracy and computation time. The PSO method has been shown to outperform the GA in terms of model error. Of particular importance to ocean color remote sensing is the speed advantage that PSO affords over GA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - Computational intelligence
KW  - global optimization
KW  - remote
KW  - sensing inversion.
N1  - Accession Number: 14524434; Slade, Wayne H. 1; Email Address: wsIade@ieee.org Ressom, Habtom W. 2; Email Address: hwr@georgetown.edu Musavi, Mohamad T. 3 Miller, Richard L. 4; Affiliation:  1: School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA.  2: Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Biostatistics Unit, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057 USA.  3: Intelligent Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA.  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Earth Science Applications Directorate, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 USA.; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 42 Issue 9, p1915; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational intelligence; Author-Supplied Keyword: global optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensing inversion.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.833389
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hasanyan, Davresh J.
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - A few results on the foundation of the theory and behavior of nonlinear magnetoelastic plates carrying an electrical current
JO  - International Journal of Engineering Science
JF  - International Journal of Engineering Science
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 42
IS  - 15/16
M3  - Article
SP  - 1547
EP  - 1572
SN  - 00207225
AB  - A fully nonlinear theory of electromagnetically conducting flat plates carrying an electric current and exposed to a magnetic field of an arbitrary orientation is developed. It is assumed that the electric current vector J is parallel to the plate mid-plane, and of arbitrary direction in the plane. It is also assumed that both the elastic and the electromagnetic media are homogeneous and isotropic. The geometrical nonlinearities are considered in the von-Kármán sense, and the soft ferromagnetic material of the plate is assumed to feature negligible hysteretic losses.Based on the electromagnetic equations (i.e. the ones by Faraday, Ampère, Ohm, Maxwell and Lorentz), and on elastokinetic field equations, the 3-D coupled problem is reduced to an equivalent 2-D one.In this context, by using the presently developed theory, the problem of the loss of stability of plates carrying an electric current is investigated. The possibilities of enhancing their electric current carrying capacity are discussed. In the same context, the problem of the free vibration of flat plates as influenced by the electrical current and magnetic field is also addressed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETOSTRICTION
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
KW  - Electrical current
KW  - Instability
KW  - Nonlinear magnetoelastic plate
KW  - Soft and hard nonlinearities
N1  - Accession Number: 14248203; Hasanyan, Davresh J. 1; Email Address: dhasanya@vt.edu Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Ambur, Damodar R. 2; Email Address: d.r.ambur@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 42 Issue 15/16, p1547; Subject Term: MAGNETOSTRICTION; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear magnetoelastic plate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soft and hard nonlinearities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2004.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, John A.
AU  - Piascik, Robert S.
T1  - Interactions of plasticity and oxide crack closure mechanisms near the fatigue crack growth threshold
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 26
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 923
EP  - 927
SN  - 01421123
AB  - An advanced analytical model developed earlier has been utilized to predict interactions between plasticity and oxide crack closure mechanisms that influence near-threshold fatigue crack growth behavior. Near-threshold closure is complex because multiple closure mechanisms are likely, including plasticity and oxide-induced crack closure. A series of experiments has been performed to validate analytical results. Analytical and experimental results suggest that interactions between plasticity and oxide result in high closure levels near the fatigue crack growth threshold. At sufficiently low ΔK, the combined effects of plasticity and oxide completely closes fatigue cracks resulting in high fatigue crack growth threshold values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONCRETE -- Fatigue
KW  - CONCRETE -- Cracking
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - CONCRETE -- Defects
KW  - Fatigue crack growth threshold
KW  - Oxide-induced crack closure
KW  - Plasticity-induced crack closure
N1  - Accession Number: 13562554; Newman, John A. 1; Email Address: j.a.newman@larc.nasa.gov Piascik, Robert S. 2; Affiliation:  1: US Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 26 Issue 9, p923; Subject Term: CONCRETE -- Fatigue; Subject Term: CONCRETE -- Cracking; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: CONCRETE -- Defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue crack growth threshold; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxide-induced crack closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity-induced crack closure; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.02.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fang Jin
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Stebe, Kathleen J.
T1  - Surfactant Adsorption to Spherical Particles: The Intrinsic Length Scale Governing the Shift from Diffusion to Kinetic-Controlled Mass Transfer.
JO  - Journal of Adhesion
JF  - Journal of Adhesion
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 80
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 773
EP  - 796
SN  - 00218464
AB  - When a drop or bubble of radius b is formed in surfactant solution, surfactant adsorbs, diffuses from solution, and desorbs to establish the equilibrium surface concentration. The transport coefficients for diffusion, adsorption, and desorption are fundamental parameters. However, the transport mechanisms that control the interface far from equilibrium are highly context dependent. Thus, no surfactant has universal “diffusion-controlled” transport. Here we identify a new length scale, RD-K, that depends on surfactant physicochemistry, and which ranges from roughly 15 to 65 microns. For drops or bubbles with b&ll;RD-K, mass transfer is kinetically controlled. For b&gg;RD-K, mass transfer is diffusion controlled. Simulations of adsorption to quiescent spherical interfaces support the importance of RD-K in determining the controlling transport mechanism for surfactant solutions with concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (CMC). While the case of surfactant adsorbing to a bubble is discussed in detail, the arguments presented are quite general and should apply to adsorption of any solute to any spherical particle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Adhesion is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE active agents
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - Capping agents
KW  - Dynamic surface tension
KW  - Microfluidics
N1  - Accession Number: 14327561; Fang Jin 1 Balasubramaniam, R. 2 Stebe, Kathleen J. 1,3,4,5; Email Address: kjs@jhu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  3: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA  5: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 80 Issue 9, p773; Subject Term: SURFACE active agents; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: ADHESION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capping agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic surface tension; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microfluidics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00218460490480770
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
T1  - Application of Vortex Invariants to Roll Up of Vortex Pairs.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/09//Sep/Oct2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1098
EP  - 1105
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A method developed by Betz for the rolled-up structure of vortices shed by isolated wing tips is extended to vortex pairs (two vortical regions of opposite sign), which are shed by wings of finite span. The present analysis again uses the invariants for the two-dimensional time-dependent motion of vortex systems, but the extension made here to vortex pairs depends primarily on the invariant for kinetic energy. It is found that the total energy in the flowfield can be separated into a part that governs the structure of each vortical region and a part that governs the spanwise distance between the centroids of the vortical regions. As a consequence, the rules for the rolled-up structure of vortical regions are the same as the one derived by Betz. Because the analysis does not apply a constraint that forces the circular contours of constant circulation to coincide with streamline paths, the solution is labeled first order. A method that can be used to obtain second- and higher-order approximations is described. Application of the first-order method to the vortex wake of an elliptically loaded wing indicates that a first-order solution for vortex pairs is adequate for many engineering purposes. The method derived here for single vortex pairs also justifies the superposition of axially symmetric vortical cores to simulate complex vortex wakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX flaps
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - INVARIANTS (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 14939729; Rossow, Vernon J. 1,2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Senior Staff Scientist, Aerospace Operations Modeling Office, Mail Stop N210-10  3: Associate, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2004, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p1098; Subject Term: VORTEX flaps; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: INVARIANTS (Mathematics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hajj, Muhammad R.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Nonlinear Flutter Aspects of the Flexible High-Speed Civil Transport Semispan Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/09//Sep/Oct2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1202
EP  - 1208
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The nonlinear aspects that lead to the flutter of the flexible semispan model of a high-speed civil transport wing configuration are analyzed. A hierarchy of spectral moments was used to determine the characteristics of the aerodynamic loading and structural strains and motions. The results show that the frequency of the bending motion of the wing varied significantly as the Mach number was increased between 0.90 and 0.97. Examination of the pressure coefficients in terms of mean value and fluctuations showed that the flow characteristics over the wing changed significantly around a Mach number of 0.97. A strong shock was identified near the trailing edge. Nonlinear analysis of the pressure fluctuations, under these conditions, showed nonlinear coupling involving low-frequency components at pressure locations where the mean value was at a local minimum. This shows that the aerodynamic forces acting on the model had nonlinearly coupled frequency components. The presented results show how nonlinear analysis tools can be used to identify nonlinear aspects of the flutter phenomenon, which are needed in the validation of nonlinear computational methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
N1  - Accession Number: 14939742; Hajj, Muhammad R. 1,2; Email Address: mhajj@vt.edu Silva, Walter A. 3,4,5; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0219  2: Professor, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, 0219 Norris Hall  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  4: Senior Research Scientist and Senior Aerospace Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch, Structures and Materials Competency  5: Associate, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2004, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p1202; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richardson, Lester J.
AU  - Bonner Jr., Carl E.
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - Loutts, George B.
AU  - Rodriguez, Waldo J.
AU  - Walsh, Brian M.
T1  - Temperature dependence on the cross-relaxation rates in <f>Tm3+</f> doped strontium fluorapatite
JO  - Journal of Luminescence
JF  - Journal of Luminescence
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 109
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 133
SN  - 00222313
AB  - The cross-relaxation dynamics of <f>Tm3+</f>-doped strontium fluorapatites (S-FAP) has been examined using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime crystal suggests a dipole–dipole interaction between the <f>Tm3+</f> ions and the energy is transported by an incoherent hopping mechanism. The temperature dependence of the fluorescence lifetime suggests this incoherent hopping mechanism is used to bridge the energy mismatch between emission from the donor and the energy required for absorption by the acceptors. Using the energy transfer model of Agranovich, the cross-relaxation rate was determined from the emission decay dynamics of the <f>3H4→3H6</f> transition. The observed cross-relaxation rate ranged from <f>11 s-1</f> at <f>10 K</f> to <f>81 s-1</f> at <f>200 K</f> for <f>0.21 at% Tm3+</f> in S-FAP an energy barrier of <f>44.3 cm-1</f>. The model suggest that rates of <f>106 ion hops s-1</f> for <f>1 at% Tm3+</f> in S-FAP could be achieved, rendering this material a potentially efficient laser medium. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Luminescence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy
KW  - LUMINESCENCE spectroscopy
KW  - Absorption spectra
KW  - Emission spectra
KW  - Fluorapatites
KW  - Laser materials
KW  - Thulium ions
KW  - Time-resolved emission
N1  - Accession Number: 14035563; Richardson, Lester J. 1 Bonner Jr., Carl E. 1; Email Address: cebonner@nsu.edu Lewis, Jasper 1 Loutts, George B. 1 Rodriguez, Waldo J. 2 Walsh, Brian M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 109 Issue 3/4, p129; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorapatites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thulium ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-resolved emission; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.02.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Warren
AU  - Foster, Ian
AU  - Taylor, Valerie
T1  - Predicting application run times with historical information
JO  - Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing
JF  - Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 64
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1007
EP  - 1016
SN  - 07437315
AB  - We present a technique for predicting the run times of parallel applications based upon the run times of “similar” applications that have executed in the past. The novel aspect of our work is the use of search techniques to determine those application characteristics that yield the best definition of similarity for the purpose of making predictions. We use four workloads recorded from parallel computers at Argonne National Laboratory, the Cornell Theory Center, and the San Diego Supercomputer Center to evaluate the effectiveness of our approach. We show that on these workloads our techniques achieve predictions that are between 21 and 64 percent better than those achieved by other techniques; our approach achieves mean prediction errors that are between 29 and 59 percent of mean application run times. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THEORY
KW  - FORECASTING
KW  - ERRORS
N1  - Accession Number: 14315155; Smith, Warren 1; Email Address: wwsmith@arc.nasa.gov Foster, Ian 2; Email Address: foster@mcs.anl.gov Taylor, Valerie; Email Address: taylor@cs.tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Computer Sciences Corporation, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Computer Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 64 Issue 9, p1007; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THEORY; Subject Term: FORECASTING; Subject Term: ERRORS; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpdc.2004.06.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tangdong Qu
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric J.
T1  - Northward Intrusion of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Western Pacific.
JO  - Journal of Physical Oceanography
JF  - Journal of Physical Oceanography
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 34
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2104
EP  - 2118
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00223670
AB  - The northward intrusion of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is examined using historical data combined with synoptic observations from a repeated hydrographic section in the western Pacific Ocean. The results of this analysis suggest that AAIW is traced as a salinity minimum to only about 158N via the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent and the Mindanao Undercurrent. There is no northward extension of AAIW farther to the north along the western boundary. Although relatively high oxygen water does exist in the Okinawa Trough, it is connected with high-oxygen water in the South China Sea (SCS) through the Luzon Strait but not from the south as an extension of AAIW. Local circulation seems to play an essential role in localizing the oxygen maximum in the SCS. Evidence exists to suggest that high-oxygen water enters the SCS as part of the Pacific deep water around the still depth (;2000 m) of the Luzon Strait; from there, part of it upwells and is entrained into shallower isopycnal surfaces by vertical mixing and eventually flows back to the Pacific through the Luzon Strait at depths of AAIW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - MARINE sciences
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - AERONAUTICS in earth sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 14509664; Tangdong Qu 1; Email Address: tangdong@hawaii.edu Lindstrom, Eric J. 2; Affiliation:  1: International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, Hawii  2: Office of Earth Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 9, p2104; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: MARINE sciences; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS in earth sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Sharpe, Steven W.
AU  - Sams, Robert L.
T1  - A multispectrum analysis of the <f>2ν2</f> spectral region of <f>H12C14N</f>: intensities, broadening and pressure-shift coefficients
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 87
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 339
EP  - 366
SN  - 00224073
AB  - High-resolution <f>(0.005 cm-1)</f> infrared absorption spectra of HCN in the <f>2ν2</f> band region near <f>1411 cm-1</f> have been recorded at room temperature using the Bruker IFS120HR Fourier transform spectrometer located at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Four spectra of high-purity (99.8%) HCN together with three spectra of lean mixtures <f>(∼3%)</f> of HCN in dry air were simultaneously fit using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares procedure. The analysis yielded room temperature values for absolute intensities, self- and air-broadening coefficients, and self- and air-induced pressure shift coefficients for numerous lines in the <f>2ν20</f> band of <f>H12C14N</f>. In addition, intensities, self- and air-broadening coefficients for several lines of the <f>3ν21-ν21</f> hot band, as well as intensities for a number of lines in the <f>2ν20</f> band of <f>H13C14N</f>, were also determined. Since there are no previous measurements of broadening and shift parameters reported in the <f>2ν20</f> band, our results are compared with values recently determined in the <f>ν1</f> band of <f>H12C14N</f> and with current HITRAN values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Absolute intensity
KW  - Broadening and shifts
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - HCN
KW  - HCN <f>2ν2</f> band
KW  - Infrared spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 13468889; Devi, V. Malathy 1; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 1 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Rinsland, C.P. 2 Sharpe, Steven W. 3 Sams, Robert L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Mail Stop K8-88, Battelle Boulevard, P.O.Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 87 Issue 3/4, p339; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absolute intensity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadening and shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN <f>2ν2</f> band; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rice, Lloyd
AU  - Raichell, Daniel R.
AU  - Ungar, Eric E.
AU  - Shepherd, Kevin P.
AU  - Augspurger, George L.
AU  - Kahrs, Mark
AU  - D. L. R.
AU  - Preves, David
AU  - Rosenberg, Carl J.
AU  - Thompson, William
AU  - Waag, Robert C.
T1  - REVIEWS OF ACOUSTICAL PATENTS.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1317
EP  - 1337
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Presents several reviews of patents on acoustical science.  Acoustic Absorption Electromagnetic Radiation Sensing With Sic; Guided Wave Electrooptic and Acoustooptic Tunable Filter Apparatus and Method; Method and Apparatus for Improving the Dynamic Range of Laser Detected Ultrasound in Attenuative Materials.
KW  - PATENTS
KW  - SOUND
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - ELECTROOPTICS
KW  - ACOUSTOOPTICS
KW  - LASERS
N1  - Accession Number: 20827437; Rice, Lloyd Raichell, Daniel R. Ungar, Eric E. 1 Shepherd, Kevin P. 2 Augspurger, George L. 3 Kahrs, Mark 4 D. L. R. Preves, David 5 Rosenberg, Carl J. 6 Thompson, William Waag, Robert C. 6; Affiliation:  1: Acentech, Incorporated, 33 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138  2: Mail Stop 463, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Perception, Incorporated, Box 39536, Los Angeles, California 90039  4: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261  5: Starkey Laboratories, 6600 Washington Ave. S., Eden Prarie, Minnesota 55344  6: Acentech Incorporated, 33 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p1317; Subject Term: PATENTS; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: ELECTROOPTICS; Subject Term: ACOUSTOOPTICS; Subject Term: LASERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541110 Offices of Lawyers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541199 All Other Legal Services; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 46 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCurdy, David A.
AU  - Brown, Sherilyn A.
AU  - Hilliard, R. David
T1  - Subjective response of people to simulated sonic booms in their homes.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1573
EP  - 1584
SN  - 00014966
AB  - In order to determine the effect of the number of sonic boom occurrences on annoyance, a computer-based system was developed for studying the subjective response of people to the occurrence of simulated sonic booms in their homes. The system provided a degree of control over the noise exposure not found in community surveys and a degree of situational realism not available in the laboratory. A system was deployed for eight weeks in each of 33 homes. Each day from 4 to 63 sonic booms were played as the test subject went about his or her normal activities. At the end of the day, the test subjects rated their annoyance to the sonic booms heard during the day. The sonic booms consisted of different combinations of waveforms, levels, and occurrence rates. The experiment confirmed that the increase in annoyance resulting from multiple occurrences can be modeled by the addition of the term "10 * log(number of occurrences)" to the sonic boom level. Of several noise metrics considered, perceived level was the best annoyance predictor. Comparisons of the subjective responses to the different sonic boom waveforms found no differences that were not accounted for by the noise metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - NOISE
KW  - CATHODE ray oscillographs
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 20827452; McCurdy, David A. 1; Email Address: d.a.mccurdy@nasa.gov Brown, Sherilyn A. 2 Hilliard, R. David 3; Affiliation:  1: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 463, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Systems Analysis Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 348, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Wyle Laboratories, 3200 Magruder Boulevard, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p1573; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: CATHODE ray oscillographs; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.1781189
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Myers, Dwight L.
T1  - Alumina Volatility in Water Vapor at Elevated Temperatures.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 87
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1701
EP  - 1705
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The volatility of alumina in high-temperature water vapor was determined by a weight loss technique. Sapphire coupons were exposed at temperatures between 1250° and 1500deg;C, water partial pressures between 0.15 and 0.68 atm in oxygen, a total pressure of 1 atm, and flowing gas velocities of 4.4 cm/s. The water vapor pressure dependence of sapphire volatility was consistent with Al(OH)3(g) formation. The enthalpy of reaction to form Al(OH)3(g) from sapphire and water vapor was determined to be 210 ± 20 kJ/mol, comparing favorably to other studies. Microstructural examination of tested sapphire coupons revealed surface rearrangement consistent with a volatilization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - SAPPHIRES
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - MATERIALS
N1  - Accession Number: 14497058; Opila, Elizabeth J. 1 Myers, Dwight L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Department of Chemistry, East Central University, Ada, Oklahoma 74820; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 87 Issue 9, p1701; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Subject Term: SAPPHIRES; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MATERIALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hao Li
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Jinil Lee
AU  - Woo Young Lee
T1  - Tensile and Stress-Rupture Behavior of SiC/SiC Minicomposite Containing Chemically Vapor Deposited Zirconia Interphase.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 87
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1726
EP  - 1733
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The tensile and stress-rupture behavior of SiC/SiC minicomposite containing a chemically vapor deposited ((`VI)) ZrO2 interphast was evaluated. Fractographic analyses showed that in situ fiber strength and minicomposite failure loads were strongly dependent on the phase contents and microstructure of the ZrO2 interphase. When the ZrO, interphase structure possessed a weakly bonded interface within the dense ZrO2 interphase coating layer, the interphase sufficiently protected the fiber surface from processing degradation and promoted matrix crack deflection around the fibers. With this weakly bonded interphase, the stress-rupture properties of SiC/SiC minicomposite at 950° and 1200°C appeared to be controlled by fiber rupture properties, and compared favorably to those previously measured for state-of-the-art BN fiber coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - MATERIALS -- Analysis
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14497118; Hao Li Morscher, Gregory N. 1 Jinil Lee 2 Woo Young Lee 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute and NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Materials Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 87 Issue 9, p1726; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Analysis; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chatterjee, Biswaroop
AU  - Noveron, Juan C.
AU  - Resendiz, Marino J. E.
AU  - Jie Liu
AU  - Yamamoto, Takuya
AU  - Parker, Daniel
AU  - Cinke, Martin
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
AU  - Arif, Atta M.
AU  - Stang, Peter J.
T1  - Self-Assembly of Flexible Supramolecular Metallacyclic Ensembles: Structures and Adsorption Properties of Their Nanoporous Crystalline Frameworks.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2004/09//9/1/2004
VL  - 126
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 10645
EP  - 10656
SN  - 00027863
AB  - The syntheses, structures, and N2 adsorption properties of six new supramolecular metallacycles are reported. Flexible ditopic linkers, 1-4, with systematically varied lengths and conformational degrees of freedom were synthesized utilizing ester linkages. They were used in combination with (dppp)M(OTf)2, where M = Pt(II) and Pd(II), and cis-(Me3P)2Pt(OTf)2 to form flexible supramolecular metallacycles 5-10 in 88-98% isolated yields. Their structures were characterized via multinuclear NMR and X-ray crystallography. The metallacycles stack to form porous structures in the crystalline state. The pore dimensions depend on both the phosphorus ligands attached to the metals and the flexible linkers. Adsorption studies on the porous materials show that 5a, 6, 8, and 9 held 11.7, 16.5, 5.7, and 6.8 cm⊃3/g STP of N2 at 77 K, respectively. A guest-exchange study with nitromethane and toluene reveals that the nanopore in 5 is flexible, a property which was transferred from the linker to the supramolecular structure in the solid state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPRAMOLECULAR chemistry
KW  - X-ray crystallography
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - NITROMETHANE
KW  - NITROALKANES
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 14430669; Chatterjee, Biswaroop 1 Noveron, Juan C. 2; Email Address: jcnoveron@utep.edu Resendiz, Marino J. E. 1 Jie Liu 1 Yamamoto, Takuya 1 Parker, Daniel 1 Cinke, Martin 3 Nguyen, Cattien V. 3 Arif, Atta M. 1 Stang, Peter J. 1; Email Address: stang@chem.utah.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112,  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968,  3: Eloret Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 9/1/2004, Vol. 126 Issue 34, p10645; Subject Term: SUPRAMOLECULAR chemistry; Subject Term: X-ray crystallography; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: NITROMETHANE; Subject Term: NITROALKANES; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, Norman P.
T1  - Compositionally tuned lasers for remote sensing
JO  - Optical Materials
JF  - Optical Materials
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 333
EP  - 336
SN  - 09253467
AB  - NASA needs lasers that are capable of generating a specific preselected wavelength, have a small but useful tuning range, and are highly efficient. NASA Langley responded to this need by developing 2 compositionally tuned Nd laser materials that operate at a preselected wavelength, 0.94411 μm in this case. Although Nd:YAG was known to operate at 0.946 μm, it could not be tuned to 0.944 μm. In addition, the efficiency of Nd:YAG flash lamp pumped lasers operating at this wavelength was low. NASA Langley overcame these problems by analyzing and then utilizing nonstoichiometric garnet laser materials to compositionally tune the laser wavelength and a laser design to increase the efficiency. Implementing these ideas led to 2 compositionally tuned laser materials that operate at 0.94411 μm and a diode pumped, 0.946 μm Nd:YAG laser that operates in the TEM00 mode with a normal mode, optical to optical slope efficiency of 0.28. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - LASERS -- Industrial applications
KW  - LIGHT sources
N1  - Accession Number: 14140641; Barnes, Norman P. 1; Email Address: norman.p.barnes@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p333; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: LASERS -- Industrial applications; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.optmat.2003.08.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ryan, Jennifer
AU  - Chi-Wang Shu
AU  - Atkins, Harold
T1  - EXTENSION OF A POSTPROCESSING TECHNIQUE FOR THE DISCONTINUOUS GALERKIN METHOD FOR HYPERBOLIC EQUATIONS WITH APPLICATION TO AN AEROACOUSTIC PROBLEM.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2004/09//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 843
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - In this paper we further explore a local postprocessing technique, originally developed by Bramble and Schatz [Math. Comp., 31 (1977), pp. 94-111] using continuous finite element methods for elliptic problems and later by Cockburn et al. [Math. Comp., 72 (2003), pp. 577-606] using discontinuous Galerkin methods for hyperbolic equations. We investigate the technique in the context of sup erconvergence of the derivatives of the numerical solution, two space dimensions for both tensor product local basis and the usual kth degree polynomials basis, multidomain problems with different mesh sizes, variable coefficient linear problems including those with discontinuous coefficients, and linearized Euler equations applied to an aeroacoustic problem. We demonstrate through extensive numerical examples that the technique is very effective in all these situations in enhancing the accuracy of the discontinuous Galerkin solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - EULER polynomials
KW  - TENSOR algebra
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - accuracy enhancement
KW  - discontinuous Galerkin method
KW  - hyperbolic equations
KW  - postprocessing
N1  - Accession Number: 16196372; Ryan, Jennifer 1; Email Address: ryanjk@ornl.gov Chi-Wang Shu 1; Email Address: shu@dam.brown.edu Atkins, Harold 2; Email Address: h.l.atkins@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.  2: Computational Modeling and Simulations Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p821; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: EULER polynomials; Subject Term: TENSOR algebra; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: accuracy enhancement; Author-Supplied Keyword: discontinuous Galerkin method; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperbolic equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: postprocessing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1137/S1064827503423998
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan I.
T1  - Looking into the Giant Planets.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/09/03/
VL  - 305
IS  - 5689
M3  - Article
SP  - 1414
EP  - 1415
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article reports that images of Jupiter and Saturn from telescopes and space probes only show the outermost layers of these giant planets. Recent model studies show how new measurements from the Cassini spacecraft, now in orbit around Saturn, could lead to a better understanding of the interior of Saturn and, by extension, all giant planets. The authors created static models of Jupiter and Saturn that match all available constraints, including mass, radius, oblateness, rotation period, atmospheric temperature, and gravitational moments for each planet.
KW  - SPACE probes
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 14576298; Fortney, Jonathan I. 1; Email Address: jfortney@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The author is with the Planetary Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: 9/3/2004, Vol. 305 Issue 5689, p1414; Subject Term: SPACE probes; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1509
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaban, Galina M.
T1  - On the stability of HKrOH: a theoretical study
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/09/11/
VL  - 395
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 182
EP  - 185
SN  - 00092614
AB  - To provide further insight into the issue of stability of HKrOH, reaction paths for decomposition processes HKrOH→Kr+H2O and HKrOH→H+Kr+OH are studied using ab initio electronic structure methods. The results show that HKrOH molecule is energetically unstable with respect to the Kr+H2O and H+Kr+OH dissociation products. However, it is separated by a significant energy barrier from Kr+H2O (∼35 kcal/mol) and by a much lower barrier from H+Kr+OH (∼3 kcal/mol). Thus, theoretical studies show that HKrOH is kinetically stable with respect to the HKrOH→Kr+H2O channel of decomposition, but its stability with respect to H+Kr+OH is marginal. The low barrier for the HKrOH→H+Kr+OH process (which leads to a high probability of HKrOH dissociation to H+Kr+OH) and the relatively high barrier (∼25 kcal/mol) for the reverse reaction (H+Kr+OH→HKrOH) seem to be responsible for the fact that HKrOH (unlike HKrF) has not been observed experimentally. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - FORCE & energy
N1  - Accession Number: 14249503; Chaban, Galina M. 1; Email Address: chaban@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, INA, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 395 Issue 4-6, p182; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.07.059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Bhagwat, Vinay
AU  - Bhat, Ishwara B.
AU  - Dutta, Partha S.
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - InGaSb photodetectors using an InGaSb substrate for 2 μm applications.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/09/13/
VL  - 85
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1874
EP  - 1876
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Detectors operating at 2 μm are important for several applications including optical communication and atmospheric remote sensing. In this letter, fabrication of 2 μm photodetectors using an InGaSb substrate is reported. The ternary substrates were grown using vertical Bridgmann technique and Zn diffusion was used to fabricate p–n junction diodes and photodiodes. Dark current measurement reveals that the breakdown voltage is in the 0.75 to 1 V range. Spectral response measurements indicated a 2 μm responsivity of 0.56 A/W corresponding to 35% quantum efficiency. Photodiode performance was compared to similar devices fabricated on binary substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - PHOTODIODES
KW  - QUANTUM electronics
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR diodes
N1  - Accession Number: 14434638; Refaat, Tamer F. 1; Email Address: fn.t.f.refaat@larc.nasa.gov Abedin, M. Nurul 2 Bhagwat, Vinay 3 Bhat, Ishwara B. 3 Dutta, Partha S. 3 Singh, Upendra N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science and Technology Corporation, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 468, Building 1202, Room 243 Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Laser and Electro-optic Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Department of Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Rennsselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; Source Info: 9/13/2004, Vol. 85 Issue 11, p1874; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: PHOTODIODES; Subject Term: QUANTUM electronics; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR diodes; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1787893
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Nealy, J.E.
AU  - De Angelis, G.
T1  - Deep space environments for human exploration
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/09/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1281
EP  - 1287
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Mission scenarios outside the Earth''s protective magnetic shield are being studied. Included are high usage assets in the near-Earth environment for casual trips, for research, and for commercial/operational platforms, in which career exposures will be multi-mission determined over the astronaut''s lifetime. The operational platforms will serve as launching points for deep space exploration missions, characterized by a single long-duration mission during the astronaut''s career. The exploration beyond these operational platforms will include missions to planets, asteroids, and planetary satellites. The interplanetary environment is evaluated using convective diffusion theory. Local environments for each celestial body are modeled by using results from the most recent targeted spacecraft, and integrated into the design environments. Design scenarios are then evaluated for these missions. The underlying assumptions in arriving at the model environments and their impact on mission exposures within various shield materials will be discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - Albedo particles
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Solar cosmic rays
KW  - Trapped radiations
N1  - Accession Number: 14748615; Wilson, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.wilson@nasa.gov Clowdsley, M.S. 2 Cucinotta, F.A. 3 Tripathi, R.K. 1 Nealy, J.E. 4 De Angelis, G. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 4 South Wright Street, MS 188B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: NRC/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1281; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Albedo particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trapped radiations; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.10.052
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tweed, J.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
T1  - An improved Green's function for ion beam transport
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/09/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1311
EP  - 1318
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Ion beam transport theory allows testing of material transmission properties in the laboratory environment generated by particle accelerators. This is a necessary step in materials development and evaluation for space use. The approximations used in solving the Boltzmann transport equation for the space setting are often not sufficient for laboratory work and those issues are the main emphasis of the present work. In consequence, an analytic solution of the linear Boltzmann equation is pursued in the form of a Green''s function allowing flexibility in application to a broad range of boundary value problems. It has been established that simple solutions can be found for high charge and energy (HZE) ions by ignoring nuclear energy downshifts and dispersion. Such solutions were found to be supported by experimental evidence with HZE ion beams when multiple scattering was added. Lacking from the prior solutions were range and energy straggling and energy downshift with dispersion associated with nuclear events. Recently, we have found global solutions including these effects providing a broader class of HZE ion solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - An improved Green's function
KW  - Boltzman transport equation
KW  - Ion beam transport
KW  - Radiation risk
N1  - Accession Number: 14748619; Tweed, J. 1; Email Address: jtweed@odu.edu Wilson, J.W. 2 Tripathi, R.K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529-0077, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1311; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: An improved Green's function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boltzman transport equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion beam transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation risk; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.11.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14748619&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Qualls, G.D.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Prael, R.E.
AU  - Norbury, J.W.
AU  - Heinbockel, J.H.
AU  - Tweed, J.
T1  - A space radiation transport method development
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/09/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1319
EP  - 1327
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Improved spacecraft shield design requires early entry of radiation constraints into the design process to maximize performance and minimize costs. As a result, we have been investigating high-speed computational procedures to allow shield analysis from the preliminary design concepts to the final design. In particular, we will discuss the progress towards a full three-dimensional and computationally efficient deterministic code for which the current HZETRN evaluates the lowest-order asymptotic term. HZETRN is the first deterministic solution to the Boltzmann equation allowing field mapping within the International Space Station (ISS) in tens of minutes using standard finite element method (FEM) geometry common to engineering design practice enabling development of integrated multidisciplinary design optimization methods. A single ray trace in ISS FEM geometry requires 14 ms and severely limits application of Monte Carlo methods to such engineering models. A potential means of improving the Monte Carlo efficiency in coupling to spacecraft geometry is given in terms of re-configurable computing and could be utilized in the final design as verification of the deterministic method optimized design. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - SPACE ships -- Shielding (Radiation)
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - Radiation constraints
KW  - Space radiation transport
KW  - Spacecrafting shield design
N1  - Accession Number: 14748620; Wilson, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.wilson@nasa.gov Tripathi, R.K. 1 Qualls, G.D. 1 Cucinotta, F.A. 2 Prael, R.E. 3 Norbury, J.W. 4 Heinbockel, J.H. 5 Tweed, J. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: DOE Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  4: University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA  5: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1319; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: SPACE ships -- Shielding (Radiation); Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation constraints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecrafting shield design; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.10.048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14748620&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Singleterry, R.C.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - A new Mars radiation environment model with visualization
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/09/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1328
EP  - 1332
SN  - 02731177
AB  - A new model for the radiation environment to be found on the planet Mars due to Galactic Cosmic Rays (OCR) has been developed at the NASA Langley Research Center. Solar modulated primary particles rescaled for Mars conditions are transported through the Martian atmosphere, with temporal properties modeled with variable timescales, down to the surface, with altitude and backscattering patterns taken into account. The Martian atmosphere has been modeled by using the Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model – version 2001 (Mars-GRAM 2001). The altitude to compute the atmospheric thickness profile has been determined by using a model for the topography based on the data provided by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft. The Mars surface composition has been modeled based on averages over the measurements obtained from orbiting spacecraft and at various landing sites, taking into account the possible volatile inventory (e.g., CO2 ice, H2O ice) along with its time variation throughout the Martian year. Particle transport has been performed with the HZETRN heavy ion code. The Mars Radiation Environment Model has been made available worldwide through the Space Ionizing Radiation Effects and Shielding Tools (SIREST) website, a project of NASA Langley Research Center. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - Manned space missions
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary environments
KW  - Radiation analysis
KW  - Radiation environments
N1  - Accession Number: 14748621; De Angelis, G. 1; Email Address: g.deangelis@larc.nasa.gov Clowdsley, M.S. 2 Singleterry, R.C. 2 Wilson, J.W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1328; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manned space missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation environments; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.059
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14748621&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shavers, M.R.
AU  - Zapp, N.
AU  - Barber, R.E.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Qualls, G.
AU  - Toupes, L.
AU  - Ramsey, S.
AU  - Vinci, V.
AU  - Smith, G.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
T1  - Implementation of ALARA radiation protection on the ISS through polyethylene shielding augmentation of the Service Module Crew Quarters
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/09/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1333
EP  - 1337
SN  - 02731177
AB  - With 5–7 month long duration missions at 51.6° inclination in Low Earth Orbit, the ionizing radiation levels to which International Space Station (ISS) crewmembers are exposed will be the highest planned occupational exposures in the world. Even with the expectation that regulatory dose limits will not be exceeded during a single tour of duty aboard the ISS, the “as low as reasonably achievable” (ALARA) precept requires that radiological risks be minimized when possible through a dose optimization process. Judicious placement of efficient shielding materials in locations where crewmembers sleep, rest, or work is an important means for implementing ALARA for spaceflight. Polyethylene (CnHn) is a relatively inexpensive, stable, and, with a low atomic number, an effective shielding material that has been certified for use aboard the ISS. Several designs for placement of slabs or walls of polyethylene have been evaluated for radiation exposure reduction in the Crew Quarters (CQ) of the Zvezda (Star) Service Module. Optimization of shield designs relies on accurate characterization of the expected primary and secondary particle environment and modeling of the predicted radiobiological responses of critical organs and tissues. Results of the studies shown herein indicate that 20% or more reduction in equivalent dose to the CQ occupant is achievable. These results suggest that shielding design and risk analysis are necessary measures for reducing long-term radiological risks to ISS inhabitants and for meeting legal ALARA requirements. Verification of shield concepts requires results from specific designs to be compared with onboard dosimetry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE ships -- Shielding (Radiation)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - ALARA
KW  - Cosmic radiation exposure
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Polyethylene shielding
KW  - Space radiation protection
KW  - Space radiation shielding
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 14748622; Shavers, M.R. 1; Email Address: mshavers@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Zapp, N. 2 Barber, R.E. 1 Wilson, J.W. 3 Qualls, G. 3 Toupes, L. 4 Ramsey, S. 4 Vinci, V. 5 Smith, G. 4 Cucinotta, F.A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Radiation Biophysics Group, Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Lockheed Martin, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  5: Johnson Engineering, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1333; Subject Term: SPACE ships -- Shielding (Radiation); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: ALARA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic radiation exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyethylene shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation shielding; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.10.051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14748622&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Schimmerling, W.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Peterson, L.E.
AU  - Saganti, P.B.
AU  - Dicello, J.F.
T1  - Uncertainties in estimates of the risks of late effects from space radiation
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/09/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1383
EP  - 1389
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Methods used to project risks in low-Earth orbit are of questionable merit for exploration missions because of the limited radiobiology data and knowledge of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) heavy ions, which causes estimates of the risk of late effects to be highly uncertain. Risk projections involve a product of many biological and physical factors, each of which has a differential range of uncertainty due to lack of data and knowledge. Using the linear-additivity model for radiation risks, we use Monte-Carlo sampling from subjective uncertainty distributions in each factor to obtain an estimate of the overall uncertainty in risk projections. The resulting methodology is applied to several human space exploration mission scenarios including a deep space outpost and Mars missions of duration of 360, 660, and 1000 days. The major results are the quantification of the uncertainties in current risk estimates, the identification of factors that dominate risk projection uncertainties, and the development of a method to quantify candidate approaches to reduce uncertainties or mitigate risks. The large uncertainties in GCR risk projections lead to probability distributions of risk that mask any potential risk reduction using the “optimization” of shielding materials or configurations. In contrast, the design of shielding optimization approaches for solar particle events and trapped protons can be made at this time and promising technologies can be shown to have merit using our approach. The methods used also make it possible to express risk management objectives in terms of quantitative metrics, e.g., the number of days in space without exceeding a given risk level within well-defined confidence limits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Galactic cosmic radiation
KW  - Human space exploration
KW  - Mars exploration
KW  - Radiation risk
KW  - Risk projections
N1  - Accession Number: 14748632; Cucinotta, F.A. 1 Schimmerling, W. 2 Wilson, J.W. 3 Peterson, L.E. 4 Saganti, P.B. 1 Dicello, J.F. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA  2: NASA, Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA  3: NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA  5: Johns Hopkins Medical School, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1383; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation risk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Risk projections; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.10.053
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14748632&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Nealy, J.E.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - Radiation analysis for manned missions to the Jupiter system
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/09/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1395
EP  - 1403
SN  - 02731177
AB  - An analysis for manned missions targeted to the Jovian system has been performed in the framework of the NASA RASC (Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts) program on Human Exploration beyond Mars. The missions were targeted to the Jupiter satellite Callisto. The mission analysis has been divided into three main phases, namely the interplanetary cruise, the Jupiter orbital insertion, and the surface landing and exploration phases. The interplanetary phase is based on departure from the Earth–Moon L1 point. Interplanetary trajectories based on the use of different propulsion systems have been considered, with resulting overall cruise phase duration varying between two and five years. The Jupiter-approach and the orbital insertion trajectories are considered in detail, with the spacecraft crossing the Jupiter radiation belts and staying around the landing target. In the surface exploration phase the stay on the Callisto surface is considered. The satellite surface composition has been modeled based on the most recent results from the GALILEO spacecraft. In the transport computations the surface backscattering has been duly taken into account. Particle transport has been performed with the HZETRN heavy ion code for hadrons and with an in-house developed transport code for electrons and bremsstrahlung photons. The obtained doses have been compared to dose exposure limits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Manned space missions
KW  - Planetary environments
KW  - Radiation analysis
KW  - Radiation environments
N1  - Accession Number: 14748634; De Angelis, G. 1; Email Address: g.deangelis@larc.nasa.gov Clowdsley, M.S. 2 Nealy, J.E. 1 Tripathi, R.K. 2 Wilson, J.W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p1395; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manned space missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation environments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.061
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14748634&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
T1  - Tensile creep fracture of polycrystalline near-stoichiometric NiAl
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2004/09/15/
VL  - 381
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 164
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Tensile creep fracture behavior of polycrystalline near-stoichiometric NiAl was studied between 700 and 1200 K under initial applied stresses varying between 10 and 200 MPa. The stress exponent for fracture varied between 5.0 and 10.7 while the activation energy for fracture was <F>250±22</F> kJ mol-1. The fracture life was inversely proportional to the secondary creep rate in accordance with the Monkman–Grant relation although there was extensive scatter in the data. This observation suggests that the fracture life for near-stoichiometric NiAl was influenced by creep under these stress and temperature conditions. Several different fracture morphologies were observed. Transgranular ductile cleavage fracture occurs at 700 K and at the higher stresses at 800 K. The fracture mode transitions to transgranular creep fracture at 900 and 1000 K and at lower stresses at 800 K, while plastic rupture and grain boundary cavitation occur at 1100 and 1200 K. An experimental fracture mechanism map is constructed for near-stoichiometric NiAl. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TENSILE architecture
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - Cleavage
KW  - Creep fracture
KW  - Fracture mechanism map
KW  - NiAl
KW  - Rupture life
KW  - Voids
N1  - Accession Number: 14035282; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 381 Issue 1/2, p154; Subject Term: TENSILE architecture; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cleavage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture mechanism map; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiAl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rupture life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voids; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2004.04.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14035282&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chenyu Wei
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
T1  - Nanomechanics of carbon nanofibers: Structural and elastic properties.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/09/20/
VL  - 85
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2208
EP  - 2210
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A general analytic expression for the Young's modulus of a range of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) with single or multishell nanocone or cone stacked structures has been developed from continuum elastic theory. The Young's modulus of a single-shell nanocone is found to be cos4 θ of that of an equivalent single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT). The CNFs of short lengths and small tilting angles have very large Young's modulus comparable to that of single or multiwall CNTs, whereas the inverse is true for the CNFs with long lengths and large tilting angles. The dependence of the stiffness of CNFs on various structural parameters has been predicted by the model, validated through full-scale molecular dynamics simulations, and categorized for scanning probe tip or reinforcing fiber type applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - SCANNING probe microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 14546702; Chenyu Wei 1; Email Address: cwei@nas.nasa.gov Srivastava, Deepak 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 9/20/2004, Vol. 85 Issue 12, p2208; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SCANNING probe microscopy; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1792797
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14546702&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Stevens, Ramsey M. D.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
AU  - Delzeit, Lance
AU  - Hou Tee Ng
AU  - Qi Ye
AU  - Jie Han
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Vertically aligned carbon nanotube heterojunctions.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/09/20/
VL  - 85
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2364
EP  - 2366
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The bottom-up fabrication and electrical properties of end-to-end contacted multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) heterojunctions are reported. The vertically aligned MWCNT heterojunction arrays are formed via successive plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition processing to achieve the layered junction architecture. Electron microscopy and current-sensing atomic force microscopy are used to reveal the physical nature of the junctions. Symmetric, nonlinear I-V curves of the as-fabricated junctions indicate that a tunnel barrier is formed between the end-to-end contacted MWCNTs. Repeated high bias I-V scans of many devices connected in parallel fuses the heterojunctions, as manifested by a shift to linear I-V characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - HETEROJUNCTIONS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR junctions
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 14546664; Cassell, Alan M. 1; Email Address: jli@mail.arc.nasa.gov Li, Jun 1 Stevens, Ramsey M. D. 1 Koehne, Jessica E. 1 Delzeit, Lance 1 Hou Tee Ng 1 Qi Ye 1 Jie Han 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center For Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 9/20/2004, Vol. 85 Issue 12, p2364; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: HETEROJUNCTIONS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR junctions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1794356
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McLean, Kassandra M.
AU  - Fenimore, E. E.
AU  - Palmer, David
AU  - Barthelmy, S.
AU  - Gehrels, N.
AU  - Krimm, H.
AU  - Markwardt, C.
AU  - Parsons, A.
T1  - Setting the Triggering Thresholds on Swift.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/09/28/
VL  - 727
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 667
EP  - 670
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on Swift has two main types of “rate” triggers: short and long. Short trigger time scales range from 4ms to 64ms, while long triggers are 64ms to ≈ 16 seconds. While both short and long trigger have criteria with one background sample (traditional “one-sided” triggers), the long triggers can also have criteria with two background samples (“bracketed” triggers) which remove trends in the background. Both long and short triggers can select energy ranges of 15–25, 15–50, 25–100 and 50–350 KeV. There are more than 180 short triggering criteria and approximately 500 long triggering criteria used to detect gamma ray bursts. To fully utilize these criteria, the thresholds must be set correctly. The optimum thresholds are determined by a tradeoff between avoiding false triggers and capturing as many bursts as possible. We use realistic simulated orbital variations, which are the prime cause of false triggers. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - OPTICAL instruments
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - GAMMA ray astronomy
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 14592846; McLean, Kassandra M. 1,2 Fenimore, E. E. 1 Palmer, David 1 Barthelmy, S. 3 Gehrels, N. 3 Krimm, H. 3 Markwardt, C. 3 Parsons, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Los Alamos National Laboratory  2: University of Texas at Dallas  3: Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 727 Issue 1, p667; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: GAMMA ray astronomy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1810931
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Njoku, Eni G.
AU  - Lakshmi, Venkat
AU  - O'Neill, Peggy E.
T1  - Soil moisture field experiment special issue
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2004/09/30/
VL  - 92
IS  - 4
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 425
EP  - 426
SN  - 00344257
N1  - Accession Number: 14375333; Njoku, Eni G. 1; Email Address: eni.g.njoku@jpl.nasa.gov Lakshmi, Venkat 2 O'Neill, Peggy E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of South Carolina, USA  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 92 Issue 4, p425; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Masters, Dallas
AU  - Axelrad, Penina
AU  - Katzberg, Stephen
T1  - Initial results of land-reflected GPS bistatic radar measurements in SMEX02
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2004/09/30/
VL  - 92
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 507
EP  - 520
SN  - 00344257
AB  - To investigate scattering of Global Positioning System (GPS) signals from terrain and the potential for remotely sensing soil moisture with the L-band GPS bistatic radar concept, a prototype GPS bistatic radar participated in airborne measurements during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02). A 12-channel GPS navigation receiver, modified to perform bistatic radar measurements, was mounted on the NCAR C-130 aircraft to make co-located measurements with other instruments. Narrow pulse returns and comparison of the reflected GPS signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measurements to digital imagery and cover maps indicated that the scattering was most likely quasi-specular, originating from a small footprint on the order of the first Fresnel zone (∼30 m). Temporal changes were observed in the measured signals and were expected to be proportional to varying soil moisture content. To investigate this effect, the bistatic signal measurements were interpolated to a spatial grid to produce daily maps of relative change of surface soil moisture over the study region. The maps of the study region showed a transition from dry surface soil moisture conditions to wet conditions following precipitation events occurring in the middle of the study period. Additionally, the maps showed the scattered power increased in areas with localized rainfall relative to areas without precipitation. Comparing the GPS-reflected SNR measurements with L-band brightness temperatures measured coincidently by the PALS radiometer showed good agreement in the trend measured by the two sensors. The scattered signal measurements were also compared with in situ soil moisture measurements and found to follow the general soil moisture trend as a function of time. These initial results from the first controlled experiment of GPS bistatic radar for soil moisture remote sensing indicate that the technique is sensitive to temporal and spatial variations in soil moisture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADAR
KW  - SIGNALS & signaling
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - Bistatic radar
KW  - Global Positioning System
KW  - SMEX02
KW  - Soil moisture
N1  - Accession Number: 14375341; Masters, Dallas 1; Email Address: mastersd@colorado.edu Axelrad, Penina 1 Katzberg, Stephen 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, CB 431/CCAR, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2004, Vol. 92 Issue 4, p507; Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: SIGNALS & signaling; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bistatic radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Positioning System; Author-Supplied Keyword: SMEX02; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.05.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karen S. Whitley
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
AU  - Shivakumar, K.
T1  - Thermal/Mechanical Response of a Polymer Matrix Composite at Cryogenic Temperatures.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1991
EP  - 2001
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The mechanical behavior of a polymeric-matrix composite at cryogenic temperatures was investigated. Experimental data are presented on the residual mechanical properties of a carbon-fiber polymeric composite, IM7/PETI-5, both before and after aging. Both tension and compression modulus and strength were measured at room temperature, −196°C, and −269°C on five different laminate configurations consisting of [0]12 and [90]12 unidirectional laminates, [±25]3S and [±45]3S angle-ply laminates, and a 13-ply laminate [45/90/90/90/-45/0/0/0/-45/90/90/90/45]. One set of specimens was aged isothermally for 576 h at −184°C in an unconstrained state. Another set of corresponding specimens was aged under constant uniaxial strain for 576 hours at −184°C. Based on the experimental data presented, it is shown that trends in stiffness and strength that result from changes in temperature are not always smooth and consistent. Moreover, it is shown that loading mode and direction are significant for both stiffness and strength and that aging at cryogenic temperature while under load can alter the mechanical properties of pristine, unaged laminates made of IM7/PETI-5 material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - LAMINATED materials
N1  - Accession Number: 14795173; Karen S. Whitley 1 Gates, Thomas S. 1 Shivakumar, K.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p1991; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MECHANICAL engineering; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 27 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dorrington, Adrian A.
AU  - Jones, Thomas W.
AU  - Danehey, Paul M.
AU  - Pappa, Richard S.
AU  - Lucht, R.
T1  - Laser-Induced-Fluorescence Photogrammetry for Dynamic Characterization of Membrane Structures.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2124
EP  - 2129
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Photogrammetry has proven to be a valuable tool for static and dynamic profiling of membrane-based inflatable and ultralightweight space structures. However, the traditional photogrammetric targeting techniques used for solid structures, such as attached retroreflective targets and white-light dot projection, have some disadvantages and are not ideally suited for measuring highly transparent or reflective membrane structures. In this paper, we describe a new laser-induced-fluorescence-based target generation technique that is more suitable for these types of structures. We also present several examples of noncontact noninvasive photogrammetric measurements of laser-dye doped polymer membranes, including the dynamic measurement and modal analysis of a 1 m × 1 m aluminized membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOGRAMMETRY
KW  - MEMBRANES (Technology)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - LARGE space structures (Astronautics)
KW  - MICROSPACECRAFT
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 14795187; Dorrington, Adrian A. 1 Jones, Thomas W. 1 Danehey, Paul M. 1 Pappa, Richard S. 1 Lucht, R.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p2124; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAMMETRY; Subject Term: MEMBRANES (Technology); Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: LARGE space structures (Astronautics); Subject Term: MICROSPACECRAFT; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 12 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - O'Keefe, Sean
T1  - Explorers Wanted.
JO  - Air & Space Smithsonian
JF  - Air & Space Smithsonian
Y1  - 2004/10//Oct/Nov2004
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 56
EP  - 57
SN  - 08862257
AB  - Discusses the developments in space travel and exploration as of October 2004.  Information on space observations and research; Goals of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in relation to the vision of President George W. Bush for the country's space program; Progress of technologies used in space missions.
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - BUSH, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
N1  - Accession Number: 14851953; O'Keefe, Sean 1; Affiliation:  1: Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Oct/Nov2004, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p56; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: BUSH, George W. (George Walker), 1946-; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Editorial
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zlochin, Mark
AU  - Birattari, Mauro
AU  - Meuleau, Nicolas
AU  - Dorigo, Marco
T1  - Model-Based Search for Combinatorial Optimization: A Critical Survey.
JO  - Annals of Operations Research
JF  - Annals of Operations Research
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 131
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
EP  - 395
SN  - 02545330
AB  - In this paper we introduce model-based search as a unifying framework accommodating some recently proposed metaheuristics for combinatorial optimization such as ant colony optimization, stochastic gradient ascent, cross-entropy and estimation of distribution methods. We discuss similarities as well as distinctive features of each method and we propose some extensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of Operations Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - COMBINATORIAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - CROSS-entropy method
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - adaptive optimization
KW  - ant colony optimization
KW  - cross-entropy method
KW  - estimation of distribution algorithms
KW  - metaheuristics
KW  - stochastic gradient ascent
N1  - Accession Number: 18724137; Zlochin, Mark 1; Email Address: zmark@weizmann.ac.il Birattari, Mauro 2 Meuleau, Nicolas 3; Email Address: nmeuleau@email.arc.nasa.gov Dorigo, Marco 2; Email Address: mbiro@ulb.ac.be; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel  2: IRIDIA, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 131 Issue 1-4, p373; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: CROSS-entropy method; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: ant colony optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: cross-entropy method; Author-Supplied Keyword: estimation of distribution algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: metaheuristics; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic gradient ascent; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1023/B:ANOR.0000039526.52305.af
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lowery Jr., Thomas J.
AU  - Bunker, Jared
AU  - Zhang, Bo
AU  - Costen, Robert
AU  - Watt, Gerald D.
T1  - Kinetic studies of iron deposition in horse spleen ferritin using H2O2 and O2 as oxidants
JO  - Biophysical Chemistry
JF  - Biophysical Chemistry
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 111
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 173
EP  - 181
SN  - 03014622
AB  - The reaction of horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) with Fe2+ at pH 6.5 and 7.5 using O2, H2O2 and 1:1 a mixture of both showed that the iron deposition reaction using H2O2 is ∼20- to 50-fold faster than the reaction with O2 alone. When H2O2 was added during the iron deposition reaction initiated with O2 as oxidant, Fe2+ was preferentially oxidized by H2O2, consistent with the above kinetic measurements. Both the O2 and H2O2 reactions were well defined from 15 to 40 °C from which activation parameters were determined. The iron deposition reaction was also studied using O2 as oxidant in the presence and absence of catalase using both stopped-flow and pumped-flow measurements. The presence of catalase decreased the rate of iron deposition by ∼1.5-fold, and gave slightly smaller absorbance changes than in its absence. From the rate constants for the O2 (0.044 s-1) and H2O2 (0.67 s-1) iron-deposition reactions at pH 7.5, simulations of steady-state H2O2 concentrations were computed to be 0.45 μM. This low value and reported Fe2+/O2 values of 2.0–2.5 are consistent with H2O2 rapidly reacting by an alternate but unidentified pathway involving a system component such as the protein shell or the mineral core as previously postulated [Biochemistry 22 (1983) 876; Biochemistry 40 (2001) 10832]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biophysical Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERRITIN
KW  - IRON proteins
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy)
KW  - Ferroxidase center
KW  - H2O2 oxidation
KW  - Horse spleen ferritin
KW  - horse spleen ferritin (HoSF)
KW  - Iron deposition
KW  - Kinetics
N1  - Accession Number: 14430076; Lowery Jr., Thomas J. 1 Bunker, Jared 1 Zhang, Bo 1 Costen, Robert 2 Watt, Gerald D. 1; Email Address: gdwatt@chem.byu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, C100 BNSN, Provo, UT 84602, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 111 Issue 2, p173; Subject Term: FERRITIN; Subject Term: IRON proteins; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroxidase center; Author-Supplied Keyword: H2O2 oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horse spleen ferritin; Author-Supplied Keyword: horse spleen ferritin (HoSF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.05.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Ackerman, Thomas P.
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Bösenberg, Jens
AU  - Amy J. Braverman
AU  - Charlson, Robert J.
AU  - Collins, William D.
AU  - Davies, Roger
AU  - Holben, Brent N.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Martonchik, John V.
AU  - Menzies, Robert T.
AU  - Miller, Mark A.
AU  - John A. Ogren
AU  - Penner, Joyce E.
AU  - Rasch, Philip J.
AU  - Schwartz, Stephen E.
AU  - Seinfeld, John H.
AU  - Stephens, Graeme L.
T1  - PARAGON: An Integrated Approach for Characterizing Aerosol Climate Impacts and Environmental Interactions.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1491
EP  - 1501
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Aerosols exert myriad influences on the earth's environment and climate, and on human health. The complexity of aerosol-related processes requires that information gathered to improve our understanding of climate change must originate from multiple sources, and that effective strategies for data integration need to be established. While a vast array of observed and modeled data are becoming available, the aerosol research community currently lacks the necessary tools and infrastructure to reap maximum scientific benefit from these data. Spatial and temporal sampling differences among a diverse set of sensors, nonuniform data qualities, aerosol mesoscale variabilities, and difficulties in separating cloud effects are some of the challenges that need to be addressed. Maximizing the long-term benefit from these data also requires maintaining consistently well-understood accuracies as measurement approaches evolve and improve. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of how aerosol physical, chemical, and radiative processes impact the earth system can be achieved only through a multidisciplinary, inter-agency, and international initiative capable of dealing with these issues. A systematic approach, capitalizing on modern measurement and modeling techniques, geospatial statistics methodologies, and high-performance information technologies, can provide the necessary machinery to support this objective. We outline a framework for integrating and interpreting observations and models, and establishing an accurate, consistent, and cohesive long-term record, following a strategy whereby information and tools of progressively greater sophistication are incorporated as problems of increasing complexity are tackled. This concept is named the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON). To encompass the breadth of the effort required, we present a set of recommendations dealing with data interoperability; measurement and model integration; multisensor synergy; data summarization and mining; model evaluation; calibration and validation; augmentation of surface and in situ measurements; advances in passive and active remote sensing; and design of satellite missions. Without an initiative of this nature, the scientific and policy communities will continue to struggle with understanding the quantitative impact of complex aerosol processes on regional and global climate change and air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 14836043; Diner, David J. 1; Email Address: djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov Ackerman, Thomas P. 2 Anderson, Theodore L. 2 Bösenberg, Jens 3 Amy J. Braverman 1 Charlson, Robert J. 4 Collins, William D. 5 Davies, Roger 1 Holben, Brent N. 6 Hostetler, Chris A. 7 Kahn, Ralph A. 1 Martonchik, John V. 1 Menzies, Robert T. 1 Miller, Mark A. 8 John A. Ogren 9 Penner, Joyce E. 10 Rasch, Philip J. 5 Schwartz, Stephen E. 8 Seinfeld, John H. 11 Stephens, Graeme L. 12; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  3: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany  4: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  7: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia  8: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York  9: NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  10: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan  11: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  12: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1491; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1491
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seinfeld, John H.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Charlson, Robert J.
AU  - Davies, Roger
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Schwartz, Stephen E.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
T1  - Scientific Objectives, Measurement Needs, and Challenges Motivating the PARAGON Aerosol Initiative.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1503
EP  - 1509
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Aerosols are involved in a complex set of processes that operate across many spatial and temporal scales. Understanding these processes, and ensuring their accurate representation in models of transport, radiation transfer, and climate, requires knowledge of aerosol physical, chemical, and optical properties and the distributions of these properties in space and time. To derive aerosol climate forcing, aerosol optical and microphysical properties and their spatial and temporal distributions, and aerosol interactions with clouds, need to be understood. Such data are also required in conjunction with size-resolved chemical composition in order to evaluate chemical transport models and to distinguish natural and anthropogenic forcing. Other basic parameters needed for modeling the radiative influences of aerosols are surface reflectivity and three-dimensional cloud fields. This large suite of parameters mandates an integrated observing and modeling system of commensurate scope. The Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) concept, designed to meet this requirement, is motivated by the need to understand climate system sensitivity to changes in atmospheric constituents, to reduce climate model uncertainties, and to analyze diverse collections of data pertaining to aerosols. This paper highlights several challenges resulting from the complexity of the problem. Approaches for dealing with them are offered in the set of companion papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - EARTH sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 14836042; Seinfeld, John H. 1 Kahn, Ralph A. 2 Anderson, Theodore L. 3 Charlson, Robert J. 3 Davies, Roger 2 Diner, David J. 2; Email Address: djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov Ogren, John A. 4 Schwartz, Stephen E. 5 Wielicki, Bruce A. 6; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  3: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  4: NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  5: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1503; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1503
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14836042&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ackerman, Thomas P.
AU  - Braverman, Amy J.
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Martonchik, John V.
AU  - Penner, Joyce E.
AU  - Rasch, Philip J.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Bin Yu
T1  - Integrating and Interpreting Aerosol Observations and Models within the PARAGON Framework.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1523
EP  - 1533
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Given the breadth and complexity of available data, constructing a measurement-based description of global tropospheric aerosols that will effectively confront and constrain global three-dimensional models is a daunting task. Because data are obtained from multiple sources and acquired with nonuniform spatial and temporal sampling, scales, and coverage, protocols need to be established that will organize this vast body of knowledge. Currently, there is no capability to assemble the existing aerosol data into a unified, interoperable whole. Technology advancements now being pursued in high-performance distributed computing initiatives can accomplish this objective. Once the data are organized, there are many approaches that can be brought to bear upon the problem of integrating data from different sources. These include data-driven approaches, such as geospatial statistics formulations, and model-driven approaches, such as assimilation or chemical transport modeling. Establishing a data interoperability framework will stimulate algorithm development and model validation and will facilitate the exploration of synergies between different data types. Data summarization and mining techniques can be used to make statistical inferences about climate system relationships and interpret patterns of aerosol-induced change. Generating descriptions of complex, nonlinear relationships among multiple parameters is critical to climate model improvement and validation. Finally, determining the role of aerosols in past and future climate change ultimately requires the use of fully coupled climate and chemistry models, and the evaluation of these models is required in order to trust their results. The set of recommendations presented here address one component of the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) initiative. Implementing them will produce the most accurate four-dimensional representation of global aerosols, which can then be used for testing, constraining, and validating models. These activities are critical components of a sustained program to quantify aerosol effects on global climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 14836040; Ackerman, Thomas P. 1 Braverman, Amy J. 2 Diner, David J. 2; Email Address: djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov Anderson, Theodore L. 3 Kahn, Ralph A. 2 Martonchik, John V. 2 Penner, Joyce E. 4 Rasch, Philip J. 5 Wielicki, Bruce A. 6 Bin Yu 7; Affiliation:  1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  3: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  4: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  7: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1523; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: DATA mining; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1523
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14836040&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Menzies, Robert T.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Bösenberg, Jens
AU  - Charlson, Robert J.
AU  - Holben, Brent N.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Miller, Mark A.
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Stephens, Graeme L.
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Rasch, Philip J.
AU  - Travis, Larry D.
AU  - Collins, William D.
T1  - Using the PARAGON Framework to Establish an Accurate, Consistent, and Cohesive Long-Term Aerosol Record.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1535
EP  - 1548
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - A comprehensive and cohesive aerosol measurement record with consistent, well-understood uncertainties is a prerequisite to understanding aerosol impacts on long-term climate and environmental variability. Objectives to attaining such an understanding include improving upon the current state-of-the-art sensor calibration and developing systematic validation methods for remotely sensed microphysical properties. While advances in active and passive remote sensors will lead to needed improvements in retrieval accuracies and capabilities, ongoing validation is essential so that the changing sensor characteristics do not mask atmospheric trends. Surface-based radiometer, chemical, and lidar networks have critical roles within an integrated observing system, yet they currently undersample key geographic regions, have limitations in certain measurement capabilities, and lack stable funding. In situ aircraft observations of size-resolved aerosol chemical composition are necessary to provide important linkages between active and passive remote sensing. A planned, systematic approach toward a global aerosol observing network, involving multiple sponsoring agencies and surface-based, suborbital, and spaceborne sensors, is required to prioritize trade-offs regarding capabilities and costs. This strategy is a key ingredient of the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) framework. A set of recommendations is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 14836039; Diner, David J. 1; Email Address: djd@jord.jpl.nasa.gov Menzies, Robert T. 1 Kahn, Ralph A. 1 Anderson, Theodore L. 2 Bösenberg, Jens 3 Charlson, Robert J. 2 Holben, Brent N. 4 Hostetler, Chris A. 5 Miller, Mark A. 6 Ogren, John A. 7 Stephens, Graeme L. 8 Torres, Omar 9 Wielicki, Bruce A. 5 Rasch, Philip J. 10 Travis, Larry D. 11 Collins, William D. 10; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  2: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  3: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  6: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York  7: NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  8: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado  9: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  11: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1535; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-85-10-1535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14836039&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kojima, Jun
AU  - Nguyen, Quang-Viet
T1  - Entangled biphoton virtual-state spectroscopy of the A2Σ+–X2Π system of OH
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 396
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 328
SN  - 00092614
AB  - This Letter describes the first application of entanglement-induced virtual-state spectroscopy to a molecular system. Non-classical, non-monotonic behavior in the two-photon absorption cross-section of the OH A–X system, induced by entangled photon pairs is theoretically demonstrated. A Fourier transform analysis of the biphoton cross-section permits access to the energy eigenvalues of intermediate rovibronic states with a fixed excitation energy. Our analysis reveals that the implementation of virtual-state spectroscopy of the OH A–X system requires tuning of the relative path delay τe over a picosecond range with femtosecond resolution for a certain entanglement time Te. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - QUALITATIVE chemical analysis
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 14375234; Kojima, Jun; Email Address: Jun.Kojima@grc.nasa.gov Nguyen, Quang-Viet 1; Email Address: Quang-Viet.Nguyen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 396 Issue 4-6, p323; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE chemical analysis; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.08.051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14375234&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermanson, J.C.
AU  - Johari, H.
AU  - Stocker, D.P.
AU  - Hegde, U.G.
T1  - Buoyancy effects in strongly pulsed turbulent diffusion flames
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 139
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 76
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: The effects of buoyancy in pulsed turbulent jet diffusion flames were investigated by conducting experiments in both microgravity and normal gravity. In all cases the flames were fully modulated; that is, the fuel flow was completely shut off between pulses. Unheated ethylene fuel was injected using a 2-mm-diameter nozzle into a combustor with an oxidizer coflow at ambient pressure. Microgravity conditions () were achieved for 2.2 s in drop tower tests. Flames with short injection times and high duty cycle exhibit a marked increase in the ensemble-averaged flame length due to the removal of buoyancy. For other injection conditions, including steady state injection, the flame length is not strongly impacted by buoyancy. The significant increases in flame length with injection duty cycle are consistent with the duty cycle near the flame tip of microgravity flames exceeding that of normal gravity flames. The celerity of isolated compact flame puffs is approximately 40% less in microgravity than in normal gravity. An analytical argument indicates that duty cycle near the flame tip can significantly exceed that at injection due to the combination of a puff growth and the decrease in the celerity of the flame puffs with downstream distance. This effect is predicted to be significantly greater in the absence of buoyancy and for shorter injection times, in qualitative agreement with the experiments. The cycle-averaged centerline temperatures were generally higher in the microgravity flames than in normal gravity, especially at the flame tip where the difference was as much as 200 K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC diffusion
KW  - TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology)
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Nonpremixed flames
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 19291477; Hermanson, J.C. 1; Email Address: jherm@aa.washington.edu Johari, H. 2 Stocker, D.P. 3 Hegde, U.G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  2: Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 139 Issue 1/2, p61; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC diffusion; Subject Term: TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonpremixed flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.08.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19291477&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoehler, T. M.
T1  - Biological energy requirements as quantitative boundary conditions for life in the subsurface.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 215
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - All life requires energy, which must be extracted from the environment. For all known life, free energy must be available at finite minimum levels in order to be usefully harnessed and must be delivered at finite minimum rates in order to support basic biochemical integrity and function. While seldom tested in the high energy light- and oxygen-based metabolisms of the surface biosphere, the magnitude of these requirements– the biological energy quantum (BEQ) and maintenance energy (ME) requirements, respectively– is considerable with respect to the potential metabolisms and energy sources that characterize the deep subsurface realm. As such, they constitute a fundamental constraint on the possible nature, distribution, and activity of microbial life in that environment. Because the energy released in a chemical transformation can be equated to the concentrations of substrates and products, both the BEQ and ME requirements define the minimum substrate concentration and minimum substrate production rate that must be sustained by a given environment for it to be capable of supporting life. The magnitudes of the BEQ and ME requirements are sensitive to a range of environmental parameters that may vary significantly in the subsurface. Temperature exerts a particularly strong control and is among the most important parameters to be considered in evaluating the energetic habitability of subsurface environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - METABOLISM
KW  - NATURAL resources
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - BIOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 16224389; Hoehler, T. M. 1; Email Address: tori.m.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 2 Issue 4, p205; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: METABOLISM; Subject Term: NATURAL resources; Subject Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4677.2004.00033.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16224389&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Showalter, Mark R.
T1  - Disentangling Saturn's F Ring. I. Clump orbits and lifetimes
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 171
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 356
EP  - 371
SN  - 00191035
AB  - A comprehensive analysis of the Voyager images reveals the kinematics and lifetimes of clumps in the F Ring. At any given time, the ring has 2–3 major clumps, each several times brighter than the typical ring, plus numerous smaller features. A total of 34 individual clumps have been tracked over periods of 1–7 weeks. The clumps orbited at measurably different rates, implying a 100-km range of semimajor axes centered on 140,220 km. Most are centered around the nominal mean motion of the ring''s core, but a few outliers may be associated with a different strand, or with no strand at all. Most clumps change very little over the ∼30 days that they can be detected; however, no clump persisted for the nine-month interval between the two Voyager encounters. The brightest Voyager 2 clump is unusual in that it travels at a rapid mean motion and seems to be associated with the formation of several other clumps. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - Planetary dynamics
KW  - Saturn (Planetary rings)
N1  - Accession Number: 14431115; Showalter, Mark R. 1; Email Address: mshowalter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Stanford University, MS 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 171 Issue 2, p356; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn (Planetary rings); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Bruesch, Lindsey S.
AU  - Asphaug, Erik
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
T1  - Large impact features on middle-sized icy satellites
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 171
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 443
SN  - 00191035
AB  - All of the large impact features of the middle-sized icy satellites of Saturn and Uranus that were clearly observed by the Voyager spacecraft are described. New image mosaics and stereo-and-photoclinometrically-derived digital elevation models are presented. Landforms related to large impact features, such as secondary craters and possible antipodal effects are examined and evaluated. Of the large impacts, Odysseus on Tethys appears to have had the most profound effect on its “target” satellite of any of the impact features we examined. Our modeling suggests that the Odysseus impact may have caused the prompt formation of Ithaca Chasma, a belt of tectonic troughs that roughly follow a great circle normal to the center of Odysseus, although other hypotheses remain viable. We identify probable secondary cratering from Tirawa on Rhea. We attribute a number of converging coalescing crater chains on Rhea to a putative, possibly relatively fresh, ∼350 km-diameter impact feature. We examine the antipodes of Odysseus, the putative ∼350 km-diameter Rhean impact feature, and Tirawa, and conclude that evidence from Voyager data for damage from seismic focusing is equivocal, although our modeling results indicate that such damage may have occurred. We propose a number of observations and tests for Cassini that offer the opportunity to differentiate among the various explanations and speculations reviewed and evaluated in this study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - satellite (Surfaces)
KW  - Satellites of Saturn
KW  - Satellites of Uranus
N1  - Accession Number: 14431119; Moore, Jeffrey M. 1; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov Schenk, Paul M. 2 Bruesch, Lindsey S. 3 Asphaug, Erik 3 McKinnon, William B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Earth Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 171 Issue 2, p421; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite (Surfaces); Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Uranus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eddy, Wesley M.
T1  - At What Layer Does Mobility Belong?
JO  - IEEE Communications Magazine
JF  - IEEE Communications Magazine
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 159
SN  - 01636804
AB  - Internetworking is a complex problem, traditionally tackled by splitting responsibilities between several layers of protocols arranged in a stack. A shortcoming of the current Internet suite's layers is that the responsibilities of individual layers are somewhat ill defined. The result is that frequently a feature may cause problems for higher layers when it unexpectedly exists lower in the stack, or may be unnecessarily and inefficiently implemented in multiple layers. Mobility is one such feature with no well defined place in classical protocol stacks. If a link layer hands over between two distinctly administered networks, a network layer protocol will likely need to acquire a new address. Similarly, if mobility is implemented at the network layer, such as with Mobile IP, transport layer protocols must be prepared to deal with a slew of problems (rapid changes in available capacity and delay, the asymmetry of triangle routes, and security policies, to name a few). Code for higher-level protocols (above transport) is less frequently reused, so higher-layer mobility schemes fail to leverage the large base of TCP sockets code. We discuss the various strengths and weaknesses of implementing mobility at three different layers of the protocol stack, concluding that a transport layer mobility scheme is likely to suit today's mobile Internet users best, and that ideally there should be more communication between layers to avoid conflict and inefficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Communications Magazine is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOBILE communication systems
KW  - INTERNET
KW  - COMPUTER literacy
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - INTERNET users
KW  - COMPUTER network protocols
N1  - Accession Number: 14780822; Eddy, Wesley M. 1; Email Address: weddy@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Researcher with Verizon Federal Network Systems, NASA's Glenn Research Center.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p155; Subject Term: MOBILE communication systems; Subject Term: INTERNET; Subject Term: COMPUTER literacy; Subject Term: COMPUTER networks; Subject Term: INTERNET users; Subject Term: COMPUTER network protocols; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maslov, A. V.
AU  - Ning, C. Z.
T1  - Modal Gain in a Semiconductor Nanowire Laser With Anisotropic Bandstructure.
JO  - IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
JF  - IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 40
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1389
EP  - 1397
SN  - 00189197
AB  - We investigate optical gain for the modes guided by semiconductor nanowires. We focus on optically anisotropic wurtzite-type semiconductors (such as GaN) and the situation when the optical axis of the crystal coincides with the geometrical axis of the nanowire. For GaN nanowire lasers, the calculation of the modal gain requires the knowledge of two confinement factors for a given mode and two gain coefficients for the bulk crystal. We show that the confinement factors for nanowire lasers are very large in comparison to those for heterostructure lasers, and can even exceed unity. To estimate the bulk gain in GaN we use the free-carrier model and emphasize the importance of accounting for anisotropy of gain. Using the calculated confinement factors and bulk gain, we predict that free-standing nanowires with small radius (R &gsim;70 nm) lase into the HE11 mode, thicker nanowires (70 nm &gsim; R &gsim; 90 nm) lase into the TE01 mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - Nanotechnology
KW  - semiconductor device modeling
KW  - semiconductor lasers
N1  - Accession Number: 14643828; Maslov, A. V. 1,2; Email Address: amaslov@nas.nasa.gov Ning, C. Z. 1; Email Address: cning@mthl.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  2: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 40 Issue 10, p1389; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: semiconductor device modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: semiconductor lasers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/JQE.2004.834767
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Entekhabi, Dara
AU  - Njoku, Eni G.
AU  - Houser, Paul
AU  - Spencer, Michael
AU  - Doiron, Terence
AU  - Kim, Yunjin
AU  - Smith, Joel
AU  - Girard, Ralph
AU  - Belair, Stephane
AU  - Crow, Wade
AU  - Jackson, Thomas J.
AU  - Kerr, Yann H.
AU  - Kimball, John S.
AU  - Koster, Randy
AU  - McDonald, Kyle C.
AU  - O'Neill, Peggy B.
AU  - Pultz, Terry
AU  - Running, Steve W.
AU  - Shi, Jiancheng
AU  - Wood, Eric
T1  - The Hydrosphere State (Hydros) Satellite Mission: An Barth System Pathfinder for Global Mapping of Soil Moisture and Land Freeze/Thaw.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2184
EP  - 2195
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Hydrosphere State Mission (Hydros) is a pathfinder mission in the National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration (NASA) Earth System Science Pathfinder Program (ESSP). The objective of the mission is to provide exploratory global measurements of the earth's soil moisture at 10-km resolution with twos to three-days revisit and land-surface freeze/thaw conditions at 3-km resolution with one- to two-days revisit. The mission builds on the heritage of ground-based and airborne passive and active low-frequency microwave measurements that have demonstrated and validated the effectiveness of the measurements and associated algorithms for estimating the amount and phase (frozen or thawed) of surface soil moisture..The mission data will enable advances in weather and climate prediction and in map- ping processes that link the water, energy, and carbon cycles. The Hydros instrument is a combined radar and radiometer system operating at 1.26 GHz (with VV, HH, and HV polarizations) and 1.41 GHz (with H, V, and U polarizations), respectively. The radar and the radiometer share the aperture of a 6-m antenna with a look-angle of 39° with respect to nadir. The lightweight deployable mesh antenna is rotated at 14.6 rpm to provide a constant look-angle scan across a swath width of 1000 km. The wide swath provides global coverage that meet the revisit requirements. The radiometer measurements allow retrieval of soil moisture in diverse (nonforested) landscapes with a resolution of 40 km. The radar measurements allow the retrieval of soil moisture at relatively high resolution (3 km). The mission includes combined radar/radiometer data products that will use the synergy of the two sensors to deliver enhanced-quality 10-km resolution soil moisture estimates. In this paper, the science requirements and their traceability to the instrument design are outlined. A review of the underlying measurement physics and key instrument performance parameters are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - RADAR
KW  - Land freeze/thaw
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - satellites
KW  - soil moisture.
N1  - Accession Number: 14904055; Entekhabi, Dara 1; Email Address: darae@mit.edu Njoku, Eni G. 2 Houser, Paul 3 Spencer, Michael 2 Doiron, Terence 3 Kim, Yunjin 2 Smith, Joel 2 Girard, Ralph 4 Belair, Stephane 5 Crow, Wade 6 Jackson, Thomas J. 6 Kerr, Yann H. 7 Kimball, John S. 8 Koster, Randy 3 McDonald, Kyle C. 2 O'Neill, Peggy B. 3 Pultz, Terry 9 Running, Steve W. 8 Shi, Jiancheng 10 Wood, Eric 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.  3: Hydrologic Sciences Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  4: Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, J3Y 8Y9 QC, Canada.  5: Meteorological Service of Canada, Dorval, H98 1J3 QC, Canada.  6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.  7: Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de Ia Biosphère, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 09, France.  8: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59860 USA.  9: Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada.  10: University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA.  11: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08854 USA.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p2184; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: RADAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land freeze/thaw; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil moisture.; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834631
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Font, Jordi
AU  - Lagerloef, Gary S. E.
AU  - Vine, David M. Le
AU  - Camps, Adriano
AU  - Zanifé, Ouan-Zan
T1  - The Determination of Surface Salinity With the European SMOS Space Mission.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2196
EP  - 2205
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The European Space Agency Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission aims at obtaining global maps of soil moisture and sea surface salinity from space for large-scale and climatic studies. It uses an L-band (1400-1427 MHz) Microwave Interferometric Radiometer by Aperture Synthesis to measure brightness temperature of the earth's surface at horizontal and vertical polarizations (Th and Tv). These two parameters will be used together to retrieve the geophysical parameters. The retrieval of salinity is a complex process that requires the knowledge of other environmental information and an accurate processing of the radiometer measurements. Here, we present recent results obtained from several studies and field experiments that were part of the SMOS mission, and highlight the issues still to be solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL salinity
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - FIELD work (Research)
KW  - Microwave radiometry
KW  - oceanography
KW  - salinity.
N1  - Accession Number: 14904056; Font, Jordi 1; Email Address: jfont@icm.csic.es Lagerloef, Gary S. E. 2; Email Address: lager@esr.org Vine, David M. Le 3; Email Address: David.M.LeVine@nasa.gov Camps, Adriano 4 Zanifé, Ouan-Zan 5; Affiliation:  1: Institut de Ciències del Mar, CMIMA-CSIC, 08003~ Barcelona, Spain.  2: Earth and Space Research, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.  3: Microwave Sensors Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  4: Department Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.  5: Space Oceanography Division, Collecte, Localisation, Satellites (CLS), 31526 Ramonville Saint-Agne, France.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p2196; Subject Term: SOIL salinity; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SALINITY; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: FIELD work (Research); Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: oceanography; Author-Supplied Keyword: salinity.; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834649
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heli Wei
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Jun Li
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Hung-Lung Huang
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Strow, Larrabee
T1  - Retrieval of Semitransparent Ice Cloud Optical Thickness From Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 42
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2254
EP  - 2267
SN  - 01962892
AB  - An approach is developed to infer the optical thickness of semitransparent ice clouds (when optical thickness is less than 5) from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) high spectral resolution radiances. A fast cloud radiance model is developed and coupled with an AIRS clear-sky radiative transfer model for simulating AIRS radiances when ice clouds are present. Compared with more accurate calculations based on the discrete ordinates radiative transfer model, the accuracy of the fast cloud radiance model is within 0.5 K (root mean square) in terms of brightness temperature (BT) and runs three orders of magnitude faster. We investigate the sensitivity of AIRS spectral BTs and brightness temperature difference (BTD) values between pairs of wavenumbers to the cloud optical thickness. The spectral BTs for the atmospheric window channels within the region 1070-1135 cm-1 are sensitive to the ice cloud optical thickness, as is the BTD between 900.562 cm-1 (located in an atmospheric window) and 1558.692 cm-1 (located in a strong water vapor absorption band). Similarly, the BTD between a moderate absorption channel (1587.495 cm-1) and the strong water absorption channel (1558.692 cm-1) is sensitive to ice cloud optical thickness. Neither of the aforementioned BTDs is sensitive to the effective particle size. Thus, the optical thickness of semitransparent ice clouds can be retrieved reliably. We have developed a spectrum-based approach and a BTD-based method to retrieve the optical thickness of semitransparent ice clouds. The present retrieval methods are applied to a granule of AIRS data. The ice cloud optical thicknesses derived from the AIRS measurements are compared with those retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 1.38- and 0.645-μm bands. The optical thicknesses inferred from the MODIS measurements are collocated and degraded to the AIRS spatial resolution. Results from the MODIS and AIRS retrievals are in reasonable agreement over a wide range of optical thicknesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)
KW  - ice clouds
KW  - infrared radiation transfer
KW  - optical thickness
KW  - retrieval.
N1  - Accession Number: 14904062; Heli Wei 1 Ping Yang 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Jun Li 2 Baum, Bryan A. 3 Hung-Lung Huang 2 Platnick, Steven 4 Yongxiang Hu 3 Strow, Larrabee 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843 USA.  2: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  5: Physics Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 42 Issue 10, p2254; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS); Author-Supplied Keyword: ice clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared radiation transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: retrieval.; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.833780
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Miller, Robert A.
T1  - Mechanical Properties/Database of Plasma-Sprayed ZrO2-8wt% Y2O3 Thermal Barrier Coatings.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 330
EP  - 342
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Mechanical behavior of free-standing, plasma-sprayed ZrO2-8wt% Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings, including strength, fracture toughness, fatigue, constitutive relation, elastic modulus, and directionality, have been determined under various loading-specimen configurations. This paper presents and describes a summary of mechanical properties of the plasma-sprayed coating material to provide them as a design database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
N1  - Accession Number: 20745926; Choi, Sung R. 1; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Zhu, Dongming 1 Miller, Robert A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p330; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rantanen, Esa M.
AU  - McCarley, Jason S.
AU  - Xidong Xu
T1  - Time Delays in Air Traffic Control Communication Loop: Effect on Controller Performanceand Workload.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 394
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - The impact of digital technology-induced delays in the pilot-controller communications on air traffic controllers' performance and workload was investigated in 2 experiments manipulating systemic audio delay (AD) and variable pilot delay (PD). Vectoring accuracy (Experiment 1), lateral separation between 2 aircraft on converging tracks (Experiment 2), and subjective workload (NASA-Task Load Index) were measured. In Experiment 1, the effect of AD was measurable but not statistically significant; PD reduced accuracy and resulted in earlier turn initiations. In Experiment 2, both AD and PD significantly reduced separation between aircrafts. Short communication de- lays, however, did not substantially degrade controller performance in the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR travel
KW  - TIME
KW  - DIGITAL avionics
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AERONAUTICAL communications systems
KW  - COMMUNICATIONS industries
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
N1  - Accession Number: 15373743; Rantanen, Esa M. 1; Email Address: rantanen@uiuc.edu McCarley, Jason S. 1 Xidong Xu 2; Affiliation:  1: Aviation Human Factors Division, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p369; Subject Term: AIR travel; Subject Term: TIME; Subject Term: DIGITAL avionics; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL communications systems; Subject Term: COMMUNICATIONS industries; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1207/s15327108ijap1404_3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hirsch, Charles
AU  - Sockol, Peter M.
T1  - Review of Pieter Wesseling's book.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 18
IS  - 7
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 597
EP  - 599
SN  - 10618562
AB  - Reviews the book "Principles of Computational Fluid Dynamics," by Pieter Wesseling.
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - WESSELING, Pieter
KW  - PRINCIPLES of Computational Fluid Dynamics (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 15314065; Hirsch, Charles 1 Sockol, Peter M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Vrije Universiteit Belgium, Brussels, Belgium.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 18 Issue 7, p597; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: PRINCIPLES of Computational Fluid Dynamics (Book); People: WESSELING, Pieter; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1080/1061856031000073036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Determination of absolute bond strength from hydroxyl groups at oxidized aluminum-epoxy interfaces by angle beam ultrasonic spectroscopy.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2004/10//10/1/2004
VL  - 96
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3775
EP  - 3781
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The hydrogen bonding (H-bond) contribution to the adhesive strength of oxidized aluminum-epoxy interfaces is calculated from the Morse potential for the interaction of hydroxyl groups formed on the Al2O3 surface with epoxy receptors. A strength parameter called the normal spring constant flux KN is defined and calculated to be 3.8 × 1017 N m-3, corresponding to a tensile strength of 26 MPa, for values of the H-bond parameters and bond densities typical of moderate strength epoxies. The KN value is in very good agreement with values determined experimentally from an inversion of ultrasonic spectral data [A. I. Lavemtyev and S. I. Rokhlin, J. Appl. Phys. 76, 4643 (1994); J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102, 3467 (1997)]. It is also in agreement with the value KN=3.6 × 1017 N m-3 obtained by a reinterpretation of the periodic crack model [F. J. Margetan et al., J. Nondestr. Eval. 7, 131 (1988)] when applied to adhesive interfaces. The agreement between theory and experiment establishes KN as a quantitative nondestructive measure of adhesive strength. The relationship between the normal and transverse (shear) spring constant fluxes is derived and the effects of thermal fluctuations are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuit design
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - HYDROGEN bonding
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - ALUMINUM
N1  - Accession Number: 14546538; Cantrell, John H. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 10/1/2004, Vol. 96 Issue 7, p3775; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuit design; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1787144
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elmustafa, A.A.
AU  - Ananda, A.A.
AU  - Elmahboub, W.M.
T1  - Bilinear Behavior in Nano and Microindentation Tests of fcc Polycrystalline Materials.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
JF  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 126
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
EP  - 359
SN  - 00944289
AB  - α-brass and aluminum micro hardness and deep nanoindentation data when fitted to the Taylor dislocation-hardening (TDH) model produced a straight-line behavior consistent with the model. Literature data, including copper silver and tungsten when also fitted to TDH model, exhibited results similar to the ones produced by the α-brass and aluminum data. The nanohardness data obtained at shallower depths also exhibited straight-line behavior but with a shallower slope. Taken together the nanomicroindentation data constituted what we term a "bilinear behavior," and we shall discuss possible mechanisms for this behavior [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROHARDNESS
KW  - HARDNESS
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - BRASS
KW  - COPPER alloys
KW  - TUNGSTEN
KW  - Bilinear Behavior
KW  - Geometrically Necessary Dislocations
KW  - Indentation Size Effect
KW  - nanoindention
KW  - Strain Gradient Plasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 15252289; Elmustafa, A.A. 1 Ananda, A.A. 2 Elmahboub, W.M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton Institute of Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ  2: NASA Langley Research Center-ConITS, Hampton, VA  3: Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 126 Issue 4, p353; Subject Term: MICROHARDNESS; Subject Term: HARDNESS; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: BRASS; Subject Term: COPPER alloys; Subject Term: TUNGSTEN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bilinear Behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometrically Necessary Dislocations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indentation Size Effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoindention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain Gradient Plasticity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1789962
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gasch, M.
AU  - Ellerby, D.
AU  - Irby, E.
AU  - Beckman, S.
AU  - Gusman, M.
AU  - Johnson, S.
T1  - Processing, properties and arc jet oxidation of hafnium diboride/silicon carbide ultra high temperature ceramics.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5925
EP  - 5937
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The processing and properties of HfB2-20 vol%SiC ultra high temperature ceramics were examined. Dense billets were fabricated by hot-pressing raw powders in a graphite element furnace for 1 h at 2200°C. Specimens were then tested for hardness, mechanical strength, thermal properties and oxidation resistance in a simulated re-entry environment. Thermal conductivity of the current materials was found to be less than previous work had determined while the strength was greater. Oxidation testing of two flat-face models was conducted, at two conditions, for two 10-min durations each. It was concluded that passive oxidation of SiC plays a role in determining the steady-state surface temperatures below 1700°C. Above 1700°C, temperatures are controlled by the properties of a thick HfO2 layer and active oxidation of the SiC phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - HAFNIUM
KW  - TITANIUM group
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - CARBIDES
KW  - CERAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14426333; Gasch, M. 1 Ellerby, D. 2 Irby, E. 2 Beckman, S. 2 Gusman, M. 1 Johnson, S. 3; Email Address: Sylvia.M.Johnson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, 690 W. Fremont Ave., Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA  2: NASA, Ames Research Center, MS 234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA, Ames Research Center, MS 234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 39 Issue 19, p5925; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: HAFNIUM; Subject Term: TITANIUM group; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: CARBIDES; Subject Term: CERAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marschall, J.
AU  - Erlich, D. C.
AU  - Manning, H.
AU  - Duppler, W.
AU  - Ellerby, D.
AU  - Gasch, M.
T1  - Microhardness and high-velocity impact resistance of HfB2/SiC and ZrB2/SiC composites.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5959
EP  - 5968
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The results of Vickers microhardness and high-velocity impact tests on monolithic ZrB2/SiC and HfB2/SiC ultra-high temperature ceramic (UHTC) composites are presented. The UHTC materials exhibit fracture behavior typical of ceramics under indentation and impact loading. The materials are relatively hard with microhardness values of about 15 to 20 GPa. Cracks were observed to extend from the corners of indentations. Impacts of stainless steel and tungsten carbide spheres, with diameters in the 500 to 800 micron range and velocities of 200 to 300 m/s, produced minimal plastic deformation but significant radial and ring cracking at the impact sites. Impacts of micron-scale iron particles traveling at 1 to 3 km/s produced essentially no surface damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROHARDNESS
KW  - HIGH energy forming
KW  - SILICON
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - TECHNICAL chemistry
KW  - MATERIALS science
N1  - Accession Number: 14426330; Marschall, J. 1; Email Address: jochen.marschall@sri.com Erlich, D. C. 2 Manning, H. 3 Duppler, W. 3 Ellerby, D. 4 Gasch, M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.  2: Materials Research Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA  3: Physics Department, Concordia College, Moorhead, MN 56562, USA  4: Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: ELORET Corp. at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 39 Issue 19, p5959; Subject Term: MICROHARDNESS; Subject Term: HIGH energy forming; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: TECHNICAL chemistry; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Opila, E.
AU  - Levine, S.
AU  - Lorincz, J.
T1  - Oxidation of ZrB2- and HfB2-based ultra-high temperature ceramics: Effect of Ta additions.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5969
EP  - 5977
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Several compositions of ZrB2- and HfB2-based Ultra-High Temperature Ceramics (UHTC) were oxidized in stagnant air at 1627°C in ten minute cycles for times up to 100 min. These compositions include: ZrB2-20 vol% SiC, HfB2-20 vol% SiC, ZrB2-20 vol% SiC-20 vol% TaSi2, ZrB2-33 vol% SiC, HfB2-20 vol% SiC-20 vol% TaSi2, and ZrB2-20 vol% SiC-20 vol% TaC. The weight change due to oxidation was recorded. The ZrB2-20 vol% SiC-20 vol% TaSi2 composition was also oxidized in stagnant air at 1927°C and in an arc jet atmosphere. Samples were analyzed after oxidation by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy to determine the reaction products and to observe the microstructure. The ZrB2-20 vol% SiC-20 vol% TaSi2 showed the lowest oxidation rate at 1627°C, but performed poorly under the more extreme tests due to liquid phase formation. Effects of Ta-additions on the oxidation of the diboride-based UHTC are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - TECHNICAL chemistry
KW  - MATERIALS science
N1  - Accession Number: 14426329; Opila, E. 1; Email Address: Elizabeth.J.Opila@grc.nasa.gov Levine, S. 2 Lorincz, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brookpark, OH 44135, USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brookpark, OH 44135, USA  3: Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 39 Issue 19, p5969; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: TECHNICAL chemistry; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sayir, A.
AU  - Lowery, F. S.
T1  - Combustion-resistance of silicon-based ceramics and composites at very high oxygen pressures.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5979
EP  - 5985
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The resistance of ceramic matrix composites to combust at high oxygen pressures is expected to provide information in developing oxygen-rich propulsion systems. In contrast to metals, silicon based ceramics, SiC, Si3N4 and SiC-composites, have prevalently covalent bonding characteristics and their promoted combustion characteristics were different. These materials dissociate at very high temperatures rather than going through discrete solid—liquid phase transformation (melting). The silicon based ceramics and composites burn heterogeneously at very high oxygen pressures and the critical threshold pressure at which no test specimen sustains combustion correlated with composition, the nature of the bonding and the solubility of oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - SILICON
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - MATERIALS science
N1  - Accession Number: 14426328; Sayir, A. 1; Email Address: Ali.Sayir@grc.nasa.gov Lowery, F. S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA.  2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, MSFC, AL 35812, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 39 Issue 19, p5979; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Carbon fiber reinforced hafnium carbide composite.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5995
EP  - 6003
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Hafnium carbide is proposed as a structural material for aerospace applications at ultra high temperatures. The chemical vapor deposition technique was used as a method to produce monolithic hafnium carbide (HfC) and tantalum carbide (TaC). The microstructure of HfC and TaC were studied using analytical techniques. The addition of tantalum carbide (TaC) in the HfC matrix was studied to improve the microstructure. The microstructure of HfC, TaC and co-deposited hafnium carbide-tantalum carbide (HfC/TaC) were comparable and consisted of large columnar grains. Two major problems associated with HfC, TaC, and HfC/TaC as a monolithic are lack of damage tolerance (toughness) and insufficient strength at very high temperatures. A carbon fiber reinforced HfC matrix composite has been developed to promote graceful failure using a pyrolytic graphite interface between the reinforcement and the matrix. The advantages of using carbon fiber reinforcement with a pyrolytic graphite interface are reflected in superior strain capability reaching up to 2%. The tensile strength of the composite was 26 MPa and needs further improvement. Heat treatment of the composite showed that HfC did not undergo any phase transformations and that the phases comprising composite were are thermochemically compatible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - INORGANIC fibers
KW  - HAFNIUM
KW  - CARBIDES
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS science
N1  - Accession Number: 14426326; Sayir, A. 1; Email Address: Ali.Sayir@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 39 Issue 19, p5995; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: INORGANIC fibers; Subject Term: HAFNIUM; Subject Term: CARBIDES; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, Harlan
AU  - Hwang, Warren
AU  - Manzo, Michelle
T1  - Historical performance of nickel/cadmium and nickel/metal hydride geosynchronous-orbit packs and determination of voltage/temperature levels for advanced nickel/cadmium designs
JO  - Journal of Power Sources
JF  - Journal of Power Sources
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 136
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 307
EP  - 316
SN  - 03787753
AB  - This paper will review the performances of nickel/cadmium and nickel/hydrogen Geocentric Earth Orbital (GEO) satellite battery packs which have been evaluated at NAVSEA Crane for the Air Force and NASA-Glenn. The nickel/cadmium data will deal, in part, with the attempts to find space-qualified substitutes for the disappearance of Pellon 2505 as a separation material. The nickel/hydrogen data will illustrate the development of this chemistry as a substitute for nickel/cadmium batteries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - CADMIUM
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - AIR forces
KW  - Applications/earth satellites
KW  - Batteries
KW  - Nickel/cadmium batteries
KW  - Nickel/metal hydride
N1  - Accession Number: 14428294; Lewis, Harlan 1; Email Address: lewis_h@crane.navy.mil Hwang, Warren 2 Manzo, Michelle 3; Affiliation:  1: NAVSEA Crane, 300 Highway 361, Code 609, B2949, Crane, IN 47522, USA  2: Energy Technology Department, The Aerospace Corporation, MS M2/275, P.O. Box 92957, Los Angeles, CA 90009-2957, USA  3: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Attn: 5420, MS 309-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 136 Issue 2, p307; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: CADMIUM; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: AIR forces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Applications/earth satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel/cadmium batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel/metal hydride; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.03.041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Shaw, Neil A.
AU  - Au, Whitlow W. L.
AU  - Lynch, James F.
AU  - Holt, R. Glynn
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
AU  - Wheeler, Paul A.
AU  - Rossing, Thomas D.
AU  - Posey, Joe W.
AU  - Waxler, Roger M.
AU  - Burroughs, Courtney B.
AU  - Nelson, Peggy B.
AU  - Meyer, Jens M.
AU  - Havelock, David I.
AU  - LePage, Kevin D.
AU  - Hoover, K. Anthony
AU  - Kastak, Colleen Reichmuth
AU  - Elko, Gary W.
AU  - Ryan, James G.
AU  - Hansen, Uwe J.
T1  - Architectural Acoustics: General Topics in Architectural Acoustics.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 116
IS  - 4
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2500
EP  - 2551
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Presents abstracts of studies on architectural acoustics presented at the 148th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in San Diego, California, November 15-19, 2004.  "Acoustics at the shrine of St. Werburgh," by David Lubman"; "Noise control computer modeling for architectural academic education," by Michael Salameh; "Acoustic3D Teaching Program," by Norman E. Barnett and James A. Turner; "Use of surrogate samples to study variation of diffuse field absorption coefficients of fiberglass with altitude," by Richard D. Godfrey; "Rock art acoustics," by Lauren M. Ronsse.
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - SOUND
KW  - ARCHITECTURE
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - EDUCATION -- Abstracts
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 20839768; Shaw, Neil A. 1 Au, Whitlow W. L. 2 Lynch, James F. 3 Holt, R. Glynn 4 Zuckerwar, Allan J. 5 Shams, Qamar A. 5 Wheeler, Paul A. 6 Rossing, Thomas D. 7 Posey, Joe W. 5 Waxler, Roger M. 8 Burroughs, Courtney B. 9 Nelson, Peggy B. 10 Meyer, Jens M. Havelock, David I. 11 LePage, Kevin D. 12 Hoover, K. Anthony 13 Kastak, Colleen Reichmuth 14 Elko, Gary W. 15 Ryan, James G. 16 Hansen, Uwe J. 17; Affiliation:  1: Menlo Scientific Acoustics, Inc., P.O. Box 1610, Topanga, California 90290-1610  2: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, P.O. Box 1106, Kailua, Hawaii 96734  3: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, 203 Bigelow Building, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543  4: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  6: Utah State University, 1595 N 1600 E, Logan, Utah 84322  7: Physics Department, Northern Illinois Univeristy, DeKalb, Illinois 60115  8: National Center for Physical Acoustics, University of Mississippi, 1 Coliseum Drive, University, Mississippi 38677  9: Applied Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, P.O. Box 30, State College, Pennsylvania 16804-0030  10: Communication Disorders, University of Minnesota, 164 Pillsbury Drive, SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455  11: National Research Council, IMS/ASP, Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6, Canada  12: Naval Research Laboratory, Code 7144, 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20375  13: Cavanaugh Tocci Associates, Inc., 327F Boston Post Road, Sudbury, Massachusetts 01776  14: Long Marine Laboratory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, California 95060  15: Avaya Labs, 233 Mt. Airy Road, Basking Ridge, New Jersey 07920  16: Gennum Corporation, 232 Herzberg Road, Kanata, Ontario K2K 2A1, Canada  17: Department of Physics, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, Indiana 47809; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 116 Issue 4, p2500; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: ARCHITECTURE; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: EDUCATION -- Abstracts; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; Number of Pages: 52p; Document Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Shear Strength as a Function of Test Rate for Sif/BSAS Ceramic Matrix Composite at Elevated Temperature.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 87
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1912
EP  - 1918
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Both interlaminar and in-plane shear strengths of a unidirectional Hi-Nicalon™-fiber-reinforced barium strontium aluminosllicate (SiCf/BSAS) composite were determined at 1100°C in air as a function of test rate using double-notch shear test specimens. The composite exhibited a significant effect of test rate on shear strength, regardless of orientation. The shear strength degraded by about 50% as the test rate decreased from 3.3 × 10-1 to 3.3 × 10-5 mm/s. The rate dependency of shear strength was similar to that observed for ultimate tensile strength at 1100°C for the two-dimensional (2-D) SiCf/BSAS composite, in which tensile strength decreased by about 60% when the test rate varied from 5 to 0.005 MPa/s. A phenomenological, power-law slow crack growth model is proposed and formulated to account for the rate dependency of shear strength of the composite. The proposed model has been validated with additional results of both constant stress-rate and constant stress testing in shear at 1100°C using a 2-D Nicalon-fiber-reinforced crossply magnesium aluminosilicate (SiCf/MAS-5) ceramic matrix composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 14776251; Choi, Sung R. 1,2; Email Address: sung.r.choi@gre.nasa.gov Bansal, Narottam P. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Member, American Ceramic Society.  2: NASA Resident Principal Scientist, Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio.  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 87 Issue 10, p1912; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, R. Brett
AU  - Inman, Daniel J.
AU  - Wilkie, W. Keats
T1  - Temperature-Dependent Thermoelastic properties for Macro Fiber Composite Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Thermal Stresses
JF  - Journal of Thermal Stresses
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 27
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 903
EP  - 915
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01495739
AB  - This research effort models the thermoelastic properties of the macro fiber composite actuator as a function of temperature. The required temperature-dependent properties of each constituent material are obtained, and the orthotropic layer properties are calculated using a variety of micromechanics models, with the most accurate being selected based on a comparison with ANSYS finite element models. Equations for the four independent stiffness parameters and two coefficients of thermal expansion of the entire actuator are derived using a classical lamination approach. These results agree closely with an ANSYS finite element model of the unit cell of the macro fiber composite actuator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Thermal Stresses is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - THERMOELASTICITY
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - CTE
KW  - macro fiber composites
KW  - piezoceramic fibers
KW  - temperature-dependent properties
N1  - Accession Number: 14573713; Williams, R. Brett 1; Email Address: rowilli6@jpl.nasa.gov Inman, Daniel J. 1 Wilkie, W. Keats 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, CIMSS, Virginia Polytechnic and State University Blacksburg, Virginia, USA  2: Structural Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 27 Issue 10, p903; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: CTE; Author-Supplied Keyword: macro fiber composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoceramic fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature-dependent properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01495730490498386
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wei
AU  - C.
AU  - Srivastava
AU  - D.
AU  - Cho
AU  - K.
T1  - Structural Ordering in Nanotube Polymer Composites.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 4
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1949
EP  - 1952
SN  - 15306984
AB  - The structural properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) polymer composite interfaces have been studied through molecular dynamics simulations. Polymer (polyethylene) molecules are found to form discrete adsorption layers as a function of radial distance from the axis of the nanotube. The molecules within the adsorption layers prefer to align parallel to the tube axis. A structural order parameter of orientation, SZ, has been investigated in detail and shows a discrete peaking behavior that is in correlation with the peaks in the density distribution function. An increase in the structural order parameter has been shown to contribute to the mechanical modulus of the composite, and the orientation-related changes have been found to be inelastic in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 15995527; Wei C. 1 Srivastava D. 1 Cho K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 4 Issue 10, p1949; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Woodson, Shawn H.
AU  - Chambers, Joseph R.
T1  - Overview of the abrupt wing stall program
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 40
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
EP  - 452
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: The abrupt wing stall (AWS) program was a 5-year program that addressed the problem of uncommanded, transonic lateral motions, such as wing drop, with experimental, computational, and simulation tools. A brief background is presented as are the motivations and objectives for the AWS program. Since the wing drop discovered in preproduction flight testing for the F/A-18E/F program was the immediate impetus for the AWS project, and since extensive flight data had been gathered, the preproduction F/A-18E configuration was utilized to examine the ability of current computational and wind-tunnel tools to predict such phenomena prior to flight. The scope included both steady and unsteady flow field studies for transonic flight conditions. The AWS program also adapted and assessed a free-to-roll (FTR) wind-tunnel testing technique traditionally used for low-speed studies of lateral dynamic stability for the transonic flow regime. This transonic FTR capability was demonstrated first in a proof-of-concept study and then applied to an investigation of four different aircraft configurations—two that were susceptible to wing drop, the preproduction F/A-18E and the AV-8B, and two that were not, the F/A-18C and the F-16C. Design insights have also been obtained from computational studies of these four aircraft configurations and from computations quantifying the impact of the various geometric wing differences between the F/A-18C and the F/A-18E. Finally, guidance is provided for assessing, in the simulator, the relative impact of experimentally determined lateral aerodynamic data on flight characteristics before going to flight test. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 17343457; Hall, Robert M. 1; Email Address: robert.m.hall@nasa.gov Woodson, Shawn H. 2 Chambers, Joseph R. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 499, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670-1906, USA  3: Ball Aerospace Systems Division, Fairborn, OH 45324-6269, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p417; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Markov, V. B.
AU  - Khizhnyak, A. I.
AU  - Goren, V.
AU  - Cook, W. B.
T1  - Tunable high-finesse narrow bandpass Fabry -- Perot filter.
JO  - Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics
JF  - Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 465
EP  - 473
PB  - V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics
SN  - 15608034
AB  - This paper discusses the results of the analysis and experimental characterization of a narrow bandpass optical filter based on the Fabry - Perot interferometer configuration with a variable spacing between the mirrors allowing for a relatively wide spectral tunability. Such a filter, with a high-throughput bandpass and sufficiently large aperture and acceptance angle, is of practical interest for a high-resolution spectrometry and remote sensing in the visible and infrared spectral regions. The Fabry - Perot filter (FPF) can be designed in a compact single-assembly architecture that can be accommodated within existing instruments and should provide a stable performance under variable thermal and mechanical conditions, including space and airborne platforms. Possible applications of the filter include high-resolution multi- spectral imaging, terrain mapping, atmosphere and surface parameters measurements, and detection of chemical and biological agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Semiconductor Physics, Quantum Electronics & Optoelectronics is the property of V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FABRY-Perot interferometers
KW  - FILTERS & filtration
KW  - OPTICAL instruments
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - bandpass
KW  - imaging Fabry - Perot interferometer
KW  - optical throughput
N1  - Accession Number: 18453508; Markov, V. B. 1 Khizhnyak, A. I. 1 Goren, V. 1,2 Cook, W. B. 3; Affiliation:  1: MetroLaser, Inc., 2572 White Rd., Irvine, CA 92614, USA.  2: University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p465; Subject Term: FABRY-Perot interferometers; Subject Term: FILTERS & filtration; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: bandpass; Author-Supplied Keyword: imaging Fabry - Perot interferometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical throughput; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia
AU  - Yang, Jinhua
AU  - Duan, Penggao
AU  - Leventis, Nicholas
T1  - Ru(II) Tris(3,8-Dibromo-1,10-Phenanthroline)—A New Versatile Core for the Divergent Synthesis of Hyperbranched Systems.
JO  - Synthetic Communications
JF  - Synthetic Communications
Y1  - 2004/10//
VL  - 34
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 3491
EP  - 3496
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00397911
AB  - We report the first synthesis of Ru(II) tris(3,8-dibromo-1,10-phenanthroline) bishexafluorophosphate(1), and we demonstrate its utility as a building core for the divergent synthesis of hyperbranched systems by coupling with phenylacetylene in the preparation of Ru(II) tris(3,8-diphenylethynyl-1,10-phenanthroline) dihexafluorophosphate(2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Synthetic Communications is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - PHOSPHATES
KW  - PHENYLACETIC acid
KW  - RUBIDIUM isotopes
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
KW  - PHENOLS
N1  - Accession Number: 14526834; Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia 1; Email Address: cslevent@umr.edu Yang, Jinhua 1 Duan, Penggao 1 Leventis, Nicholas 2; Email Address: nicholas.leventis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri, USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials Division/Polymers Branch, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 34 Issue 19, p3491; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: PHOSPHATES; Subject Term: PHENYLACETIC acid; Subject Term: RUBIDIUM isotopes; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1081/SCC-200030975
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pamadi, Bandu
T1  - Performance, Stability, Dynamics, and Control of Airplanes (Book).
JO  - Aerospace America
JF  - Aerospace America
Y1  - 2004/10/02/Oct2004 Supplement
VL  - 42
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 4
EP  - 4
SN  - 0740722X
AB  - Reviews the book "Performance, Stability, Dynamics, and Control of Airplanes," Second Edition, by Bandu Panadi.
KW  - AIRPLANES in literature
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - REVIEWS
KW  - PANADI, Bandu
KW  - PERFORMANCE, Stability, Dynamics & Control of Airplanes (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 14745617; Pamadi, Bandu 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Oct2004 Supplement, Vol. 42, p4; Subject Term: AIRPLANES in literature; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Subject Term: REVIEWS; Reviews & Products: PERFORMANCE, Stability, Dynamics & Control of Airplanes (Book); People: PANADI, Bandu; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gatsonis, Nikolaos A.
AU  - Byrne, Lawrence T.
AU  - Zwahlen, Jurg C.
AU  - Pencil, Eric J.
AU  - Kamhawi, Hani
T1  - Current-Mode Triple and Quadruple Langmuir Probe Methods With Applications to Flowing Pulsed Plasmas.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2004/10/02/Oct2004 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2118
EP  - 2129
SN  - 00933813
AB  - A current-mode method for triple and quadruple Langmuir probes was developed and implemented in flowing, pulsed, collisionless plasmas. The current-mode method involves biasing all probe electrodes, and requires the measurement of probe currents providing the electron temperature, the electron density, and the ratio of ion speed to most probable thermal speed. The current-mode theory is developed for a single species, two-temperature, coffisionless plasma. The current collection model for a probe aligned with the flow and radius to Debye length ratios of 5 ≤ rp/&lamda;D ≤ 100 accounts for finite-sheath effects while for rp/&lamda;D > 100, current collection is based on the thin-sheath assumption. The ion current to the perpendicular probe assumes a thin-sheath and is given as a function of the ion speed ratio. The numerical procedure for the solution of the nonlinear current-mode equations, as well sensitivity and uncertainty analysis are presented. The plasma source used in the experiments is a laboratory Teflon pulsed plasma thruster, operating at discharge energies of 5, 20, and 40 J, with a pulse duration of 10-15 μs, ablating 20-50 μg/pulse. Current-mode triple and quadruple probe measurements obtained at various locations in the plume of the plasma source are presented. Extensive comparisons between double probe and current-mode probe measurements validate the new method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA frequencies
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - Double probe
KW  - flowing plasma measurements
KW  - pulsed plasma measurements
KW  - quadruple Langmuir probe
KW  - triple Langmuir probe.
N1  - Accession Number: 14894569; Gatsonis, Nikolaos A. 1; Email Address: gatsonis@wpi.edu Byrne, Lawrence T. 2 Zwahlen, Jurg C. 2 Pencil, Eric J. 3 Kamhawi, Hani 3; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609 USA.  2: Busek Company Inc., Natick, MA 01760 USA.  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Source Info: Oct2004 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p2118; Subject Term: PLASMA frequencies; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Double probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: flowing plasma measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsed plasma measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: quadruple Langmuir probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: triple Langmuir probe.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2004.835520
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sarkisov, Sergey S.
AU  - Curley, Michael J.
AU  - Fields, Aisha
AU  - Sarkisov II, Sergey S.
AU  - Adamovsky, Grigory
T1  - Photomechanical effect in films of polyvinylidene fluoride.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/10/04/
VL  - 85
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2747
EP  - 2749
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Photothermal bending of strips of polyvinylidene fluoride was initiated by a laser beam with a power of a few milliwatts. A bending strip generated a force of 10-4 N that propelled a 1 g oscillating wheel of a mechanical clock. The frequency of photomechanical resonance at pulsed illumination was inversely proportional to the length of the strip. The proposed model explained bending as a result of uneven thermal expansion on opposite sides of the strip. The model predicted, in agreement with experiment, that the force is proportional to beam power and does not depend on the shape or position of the beam in the strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMECHANICAL processes
KW  - FLUORIDES
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - LASER beams
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 14713399; Sarkisov, Sergey S. 1 Curley, Michael J. 1 Fields, Aisha 1 Sarkisov II, Sergey S. 2,3 Adamovsky, Grigory 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University, 4900 Meridian Street, Normal, Alabama 35762  2: Grissom High School, Huntsville, Alabama 35802  3: University of Alabama in Huntsville  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 10/4/2004, Vol. 85 Issue 14, p2747; Subject Term: PHOTOMECHANICAL processes; Subject Term: FLUORIDES; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1802390
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, D.D.
AU  - Eisele, F.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Tanner, D.
AU  - Slusher, D.
AU  - Mauldin, L.
AU  - Oncley, S.
AU  - Lenschow, D.
AU  - Semmer, S.
AU  - Shetter, R.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Arimoto, R.
AU  - Hogan, A.
AU  - Grube, P.
AU  - Lazzara, M.
AU  - Bandy, A.
AU  - Thornton, D.
AU  - Berresheim, H.
T1  - An overview of ISCAT 2000
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2004/10/08/
VL  - 38
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 5363
EP  - 5373
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The Investigation of Sulfur Chemistry in the Antarctic Troposphere (ISCAT) took place over the timer period of 15 November to 31 December in the year 2000. The study location was the Amundsen Scott Station in Antarctica. ISCAT 2000 defines the second phase of a program designed to explore tropospheric chemistry in Antarctica. As in 1998, the 2000 ISCAT study revealed a strong oxidizing environment at South Pole (SP). During the 2000 investigation, however, the suite of measurements was greatly expanded. These new measurements established the recycling of reactive nitrogen as a critical component of this unique environment. This paper first presents the historical background leading up to the ISCAT 2000 observations; then it focuses on providing a summary of the year 2000 results and contrasts these with those recorded during 1998. Important developments made during the 2000 study included the recording of SP data for several species being emitted from the snowpack. These included NO, H2O2 and CH2O. In this context, eddy-diffusion flux measurements provided the first quantitative estimates of the SP NO and NOx snow-to-atmosphere fluxes. This study also revealed that HNO3 and HO2NO2 were major sink species for HOx and NOx radicals. And, it identified the critical factors responsible for SP NO levels exceeding those at other polar sites by nearly an order of magnitude. Finally, it reports on the levels of gas phase sulfur species and provides evidence indicating that the absence of DMS at SP is most likely due to its greatly shorten chemical lifetime in the near vicinity of the plateau. It is proposed that this is due to the influence of NO on the distribution of OH in the lower free troposphere over a region that extends well beyond the plateau itself. Details related to each of the above findings plus others can be found in the 11 accompanying Special Issue papers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - SULFUR
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - ISCAT
KW  - Overview
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Snow emissions
KW  - South Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 14416102; Davis, D.D. 1; Email Address: dd16@prism.gatech.edu Eisele, F. 1,2 Chen, G. 1,3 Crawford, J. 3 Huey, G. 1 Tanner, D. 1 Slusher, D. 1 Mauldin, L. 2 Oncley, S. 2 Lenschow, D. 2 Semmer, S. 2 Shetter, R. 2 Lefer, B. 2 Arimoto, R. 4 Hogan, A. 5 Grube, P. 6 Lazzara, M. 7 Bandy, A. 8 Thornton, D. 8 Berresheim, H. 9; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  2: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  3: NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Carlsbad Environmental Monitoring Research Center, New Mexico State University, Carlsbad, NM 88220, USA  5: US CRREL, Geochemical Sciences Division, USA  6: Lyndon State College, Lyndon, VT 08851, USA  7: Antarctic Meteorological Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA  8: Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA  9: German Weather Service, Meteorological Observatory, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 38 Issue 32, p5363; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: SULFUR; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISCAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overview; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Pole; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, D.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Buhr, M.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - Lenschow, D.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Shetter, R.
AU  - Eisele, F.
AU  - Mauldin, L.
AU  - Hogan, A.
T1  - South Pole  Chemistry: an assessment of factors controlling variability and absolute levels
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2004/10/08/
VL  - 38
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 5375
EP  - 5388
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Several groups have now shown that snow covered polar areas can lead to the release of  to the atmosphere as a result of the UV photolysis of nitrate ions. Here we focus on a detailed examination of the NO observations recorded at South Pole (SP). Topics explored include: (1) why SP  levels greatly exceed those at other polar sites; (2) what processes are responsible for the observed large day to day NO concentration shifts at SP; and (3) possible explanations for the large variability in NO seen between SP studies in 1998 and 2000. As discussed in the main body of the text, the answer to all three questions lies in the uniqueness of the summertime SP environment. Among these characteristics is the presence of a large plateau region just to the east of SP. This region defines one of the world''s largest air drainage fields, being nearly 1000km across and having elevation of . In addition, summertime SP surface temperatures typically do not exceed , leading to frequent cases where strong near surface temperature inversions occur. It experiences 24h of continuous sunlight, giving rise to non-stop photochemical reactions both within the snowpack and in the atmosphere. The latter chemistry is unique at SP in that increasing levels of  lead to an enhanced lifetime for , thereby producing non-linear increases in . In addition, the rapid atmospheric oxidation of , in conjunction with very rapid dry deposition of the products ( and ), results in a very efficient recycling of  back to the snowpack. Details concerning these unique SP characteristics and the extension of these findings to the greater plateau region are discussed. Finally, the relationship of  recycling and total nitrogen deposition to the plateau is explored. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - ISCAT
KW  - NO
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - snow emissions
KW  - South Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 14416103; Davis, D.; Email Address: douglas.davis@eas.gatech.edu Chen, G. 1 Buhr, M. 2 Crawford, J. 1 Lenschow, D. 3 Lefer, B. 3 Shetter, R. 3 Eisele, F. 3 Mauldin, L. 3 Hogan, A. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Sonoma Tech and Air Quality Design, Golden, CO, USA  3: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  4: Retired, formerly at US CRREL, Geochemical Sciences Division, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 38 Issue 32, p5375; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISCAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Pole; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.04.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Davis, D.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - Hutterli, L.M.
AU  - Huey, L.G.
AU  - Slusher, D.
AU  - Mauldin, L.
AU  - Eisele, F.
AU  - Tanner, D.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Buhr, M.
AU  - McConnell, J.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Shetter, R.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Song, C.H.
AU  - Lombardi, K.
AU  - Arnoldy, J.
T1  - A reassessment of HOx South Pole chemistry based on observations recorded during ISCAT 2000
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2004/10/08/
VL  - 38
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 5451
EP  - 5461
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Reported here are modeling results based on ISCAT (Investigation of Sulfur Chemistry of Antarctic Troposphere) 2000 observations recorded at the South Pole (SP) during the Austral Summer of 2000. The observations included a comprehensive set of photochemical parameters, e.g., NO, O3, and CO. It is worthy to note that not only were OH and HO2 observed, but also HOx precursor species CH2O, H2O2, and HONO were measured. Previous studies have suggested that HONO is the major source of OH/HOx in the Arctic; however, observed HONO levels at SP induced dramatic model overprediction of both HOx and NOx when used to constrain the model calculations. In contrast, model predictions constrained by observed values of CH2O and H2O2 are consistent with the observations of OH and HO2 (i.e., within 20%) for more than half of the data. Significant model overpredictions of OH, however, were seen at the NO levels lower than 50 pptv or higher than 150 pptv. An analysis of HOx budget at the median NO level suggests that snow emissions of H2O2 and CH2O are the single most important primary source of SP HOx, contributing 46% to the total source. Major sinks for HOx are found to be dry deposition of HO2NO2 and HNO3 as well as their reactions with OH. Although ISCAT 2000 led to a major progress in our understanding of SP HOx chemistry, critical aspects of this chemistry are still in need of further investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - SNOW
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - HOx
KW  - ISCAT
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Snow emissions
KW  - South Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 14416109; Chen, G. 1,2; Email Address: gao.chen-1@nasa.gov Davis, D. 1 Crawford, J. 2 Hutterli, L.M. 3 Huey, L.G. 1 Slusher, D. 1 Mauldin, L. 4 Eisele, F. 4 Tanner, D. 1 Dibb, J. 5 Buhr, M. 1 McConnell, J. 6 Lefer, B. 3 Shetter, R. 3 Blake, D. 7 Song, C.H. Lombardi, K. 1 Arnoldy, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  4: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  5: Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Ocean, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA  6: Division of Hydrologic Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA  7: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 38 Issue 32, p5451; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SNOW; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: HOx; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISCAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Pole; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2003.07.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, G. L.
AU  - Mochena, M. D.
AU  - Jena, P.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Jr., C. W.
AU  - Partridge III, H.
T1  - Periodic table of 3d-metal dimers and their ions.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2004/10/08/
VL  - 121
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 6785
EP  - 6797
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The ground states of the mixed 3d-metal dimers TiV, TiCr, TiMn, TiFe, TiCo, TiNi, TiCu, TiZn, VCr, VMn, VFe, VCo, VNi, VCu, VZn, CrMn, CrFe, CrCo, CrNi, CrCu, CrZn, MnFe, MnCo, MnNi, MnCu, MnZn, FeCo, FeNi, FeCu, FeZn, CoNi, CoCu, CoZn, NiCu, NiZn, and CuZn along with their singly negatively and positively charged ions are assigned based on the results of computations using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation functional. Except for TiCo and CrMn, our assignment agrees with experiment. Computed spectroscopic constants (re,ωe,Do) are in fair agreement with experiment. The ground-state spin multiplicities of all the ions are found to differ from the spin multiplicities of the corresponding neutral parents by ±1. Except for TiV, MnFe, and MnCu, the number of unpaired electrons, N, in a neutral ground-state dimer is either N1+N2 or |N1-N2|, where N1 and N2 are the numbers of unpaired 3d electrons in the 3dn4s1 occupation of the constituent atoms. Combining the present and previous results obtained at the same level of theory for homonuclear [Gutsev and Bauschlicher, J. Phys. Chem. A 107, 4755 (2003)] 3d-metal and ScX (X=Ti–Zn) dimers [Gutsev, Bauschlicher, and Andrews, in Theoretical Prospects of Negative Ions, edited by J. Kalcher (Research Signpost, Trivandrum, 2002), pp. 43–60] allows one to construct “periodic” tables of all 3d-metal dimers along with their singly charged ions. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS
KW  - DIMERS
KW  - IONS
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - CATHODE rays
N1  - Accession Number: 14593021; Gutsev, G. L. 1; Email Address: gennady.gutsev@famu.edu Mochena, M. D. 1 Jena, P. 2 Bauschlicher, Jr., C. W. 3 Partridge III, H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307  2: Physics Department, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2000  3: Mail Stop 230-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 10/8/2004, Vol. 121 Issue 14, p6785; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: DIMERS; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: CATHODE rays; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1788656
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - D’Aversa, E.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bibring, J.P.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Mennella, V.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
T1  - Principal components analysis of Jupiter VIMS spectra
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/10/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1640
EP  - 1646
SN  - 02731177
AB  - During Cassini – Jupiter flyby occurred in December 2000, Visual–Infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) instrument took several image cubes of Jupiter at different phase angles and distances. We have analysed the spectral images acquired by the VIMS visual channel by means of a principal component analysis technique (PCA). The original data set consists of 96 spectral images in the 0.35–1.05 μm wavelength range. The product of the analysis are new PC bands, which contain all the spectral variance of the original data. These new components have been used to produce a map of Jupiter made of seven coherent spectral classes. The map confirms previously published work done on the Great Red Spot by using NIMS data. Some other new findings, presently under investigation, are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Great red spot
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Visual–Infrared mapping spectrometer
N1  - Accession Number: 14892134; Bellucci, G.; Email Address: giancarlo.bellucci@ifsi.rm.cnr.it Formisano, V. 1 D’Aversa, E. 1 Brown, R.H. 2 Baines, K.H. 3 Bibring, J.P. 4 Buratti, B.J. 3 Capaccioni, F. 5 Cerroni, P. 5 Clark, R.N. 6 Coradini, A. 1 Cruikshank, D.P. 7 Drossart, P. 8 Jaumann, R. 9 Langevin, Y. 4 Matson, D.L. 3 McCord, T.B. 10 Mennella, V. 11 Nelson, R.M. 3 Nicholson, P.D. 12; Affiliation:  1: Instituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Roma, Italy  2: Lunar and Planetary Lab and Stewart Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA  4: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Universite de Paris, France  5: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, CNR, Rome, Italy  6: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  8: Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France  9: Institute for Planetary Exploration, DLR, Germany  10: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, USA  11: Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Italy  12: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 34 Issue 8, p1640; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Great red spot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual–Infrared mapping spectrometer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.05.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forbes, J.M.
AU  - Zhang, X.
AU  - Angelats i Coll, M.
AU  - Keating, G.M.
T1  - Nonmigrating tides in the thermosphere of Mars: a quasi-empirical description
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/10/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1690
EP  - 1695
SN  - 02731177
AB  - A methodology is proposed for using sparsely-distributed data to calibrate physics-based tidal functions, that can then be used to reconstruct global wind, temperature and density patterns associated with diurnal and semidiurnal tides throughout Mars’ upper atmosphere (i.e., 25–200 km). The functions, called Hough Mode Extensions, maintain self-consistent internal relationships between winds, densities and temperatures, and account for changes in vertical and latitudinal shape within the dissipative thermosphere. In the present work, total mass densities from the Mars Global Surveyor accelerometer experiment during Phases I and II of aerobraking are separated into zonal wavenumber components (ks) viewed from the satellite reference frame. Fits are performed to two of the wavenumber components to illustrate how the technique works, and to provide insight into its potential for analysing more comprehensive datasets anticipated for the future. Results indicate Phase-II wind and temperature amplitudes for the eastward-propagating diurnal tide with s=−1(ks=2) to be of order 10–40 ms−1 (eastward) and 2–10 K, maximizing in the equatorial region above 120 km. Similar values are found for the westward-propagating semidiurnal tide with s=1 (ks=1) during Phase I at polar latitudes, a wave that is identified for the first time in MGS aerobraking data. This is the same oscillation that appears prominently in the terrestrial lower thermosphere over south pole, and is thought to be excited by nonlinear interaction between the terrestrial migrating semidiurnal tide and the stationary planetary wave with s=1. The above wind and temperature estimates must be viewed as preliminary, however, as more data are required to more definitively constrain the fits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOSPHERE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ACCELEROMETERS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Mars
KW  - Nonmigrating tides
KW  - Thermosphere of Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 14892143; Forbes, J.M.; Email Address: forbes@zeke.colorado.edu Zhang, X. 1 Angelats i Coll, M. 2 Keating, G.M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309-0429, USA  2: LMD-UPMC Paris VI, Case courrier 99, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France  3: NASA Langley Research Center, The George Washington University, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 34 Issue 8, p1690; Subject Term: THERMOSPHERE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ACCELEROMETERS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonmigrating tides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermosphere of Mars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.068
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shuhao Chen
AU  - Gang Tao
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Adaptive actuator failure compensation control for MIMO systems*.
JO  - International Journal of Control
JF  - International Journal of Control
Y1  - 2004/10/15/
VL  - 77
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1307
EP  - 1317
SN  - 00207179
AB  - Two adaptive failure compensation control schemes based on MRAC are developed for a class of MIMO LTI systems with unknown actuator failures. An effective controller structure is proposed to achieve the desired plant-model output matching when implemented with matching parameters. Design conditions are specified for such nominal plant-model output matching. Two adaptive versions of the nominal controller are proposed and stable adaptive laws are derived for updating the controller parameters when plant parameters and failure parameters are unknown. All closed-loop signals are bounded and the plant outputs track the given reference outputs asymptotically, despite the uncertainties in actuator failures and plant parameters. Simulation results for an aircraft lateral dynamic model verify the desired adaptive control system performance in the presence of unknown rudder and aileron failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Control is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MIMO systems
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
N1  - Accession Number: 15243715; Shuhao Chen 1 Gang Tao 1; Email Address: gt9s@ee.Virginia.edu Joshi, Suresh M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  2: Mail Stop 132, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 10/15/04, Vol. 77 Issue 15, p1307; Subject Term: MIMO systems; Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/0020717042000297180
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Xuefeng
AU  - Lou, David Y.S.
AU  - Zhang, Nengli
T1  - A helical tow model and numerical simulation of on-line thermal curing of thermoset composites in filament winding
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2004/10/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 4807
EP  - 4820
SN  - 00179310
AB  - A helical tow model of on-line curing of thermoset composites in winding is developed and solved numerically. Actual shape of tow in winding process is considered, and consequently, the modeling of the on-line curing process is more realistic. A numerical grid generation method is developed for the complicated geometry. Transformations of three-dimensional energy equation and its boundary conditions from physical domain to computational domain are performed, which are crucial in numerical grid generation method when an anisotropic medium is involved. A set of concise and regular equations is obtained. The numerical simulation results show that the helical tow model, in stead of a simplified model, should be used when the ratio of the diameter of fiber-wound composite structure to the diameter of tow is small. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EUCLID'S elements
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - PLANE geometry
KW  - Anisotropic medium
KW  - Curing
KW  - Filament winding
KW  - Helical tow model
KW  - Numerical grid generation
N1  - Accession Number: 14248135; Wang, Xuefeng 1 Lou, David Y.S. 1 Zhang, Nengli 2; Email Address: nengli.zhang@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Microgravity Science Division, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 47 Issue 22, p4807; Subject Term: EUCLID'S elements; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: PLANE geometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropic medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Filament winding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helical tow model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical grid generation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, S. R.
AU  - Pereira, J. M.
AU  - Janosik, L. A.
AU  - Bhatt, R. T.
T1  - Foreign object damage in disks of gas-turbine-grade silicon nitrides by steel ball projectiles at ambient temperature.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2004/10/15/
VL  - 39
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 6173
EP  - 6182
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Foreign object damage (FOD) behavior of two commercial gas-turbine-grade silicon nitrides, AS800, SN282, was determined at ambient temperature through postimpact strength testing of target disks impacted by steel ball projectiles with a diameter of 1.59 mm in a velocity range from 115 to 440 m/s. AS800 silicon nitride exhibited a greater FOD resistance than SN282, primarily due to its greater value of fracture toughness (KIc). The critical impact velocity Vc for which the corresponding postimpact strength was the lowest was Vc ≈ 440, 300 m/s for AS800, SN282, respectively. A unique lower strength regime was typified for both silicon nitrides depending on impact velocity, was attributed to significant radial cracking. The damage generated by projectile impact was typically in the form of ring, radial, cone cracks with their severity, combination being dependent on impact velocity. Unlike the thick (3 mm) flexure bar target specimens used in previous studies, the thin (2 mm) disk target specimens exhibited a unique back-side radial cracking on the reverse side just beneath the impact sites at, above impact velocities of 160 m/s for SN282, 220 m/s for AS800. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - STEEL ball bearings
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - MATERIALS science
N1  - Accession Number: 14626017; Choi, S. R. 1; Email Address: sung. r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Pereira, J. M. 2 Janosik, L. A. 2 Bhatt, R. T. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Resident Principal Scientist, Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2004, Vol. 39 Issue 20, p6173; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: STEEL ball bearings; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stole, Viktor
AU  - Gauhar, Zareen
AU  - Mason, Christopher
AU  - Halasz, Gabor
AU  - van Batenburg, Marinus F.
AU  - Rifkin, Scott A.
AU  - Hua, Sujun
AU  - Herreman, Tine
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Barbano, Paolo Emilio
AU  - Bussemaker, Harmen J.
AU  - White, Kevin P.
T1  - A Gene Expression Map for the Euchromatic Genome of Drosophila melanogaster.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/10/22/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5696
M3  - Article
SP  - 655
EP  - 660
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We used a maskless photolithography method to produce DNA oligonucleotide microarrays with unique probe sequences tiled throughout the genome of Drosophila melanogaster and across predicted splice junctions. RNA expression of protein coding and nonprotein coding sequences was determined for each major stage of the life cycle, including adult males and females. We detected transcriptional activity for 93% of annotated genes and RNA expression for 41% of the probes in intronic and intergenic sequences. Comparison to genome-wide RNA interference data and to gene annotations revealed distinguishable levels of expression for different classes of genes and higher levels of expression for genes with essential cellular functions. Differential splicing was observed in about 40% of predicted genes, and 5440 previously unknown splice forms were detected. Genes within conserved regions of synteny with D. pseudoobscura had highly correlated expression; these regions ranged in length from 10 to 900 kilobase pairs. The expressed intergenic and intronic sequences are more likely to be evolutionarily conserved than nonexpressed ones, and about 15% of them appear to be developmentally regulated. Our results provide a draft expression map for the entire nonrepetitive genome, which reveals a much more extensive and diverse set of expressed sequences than was previously predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
KW  - OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - DNA
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - PROTEINS
N1  - Accession Number: 14884263; Stole, Viktor 1,2 Gauhar, Zareen 1,3 Mason, Christopher 3 Halasz, Gabor 4 van Batenburg, Marinus F. 4,5 Rifkin, Scott A. 3,6 Hua, Sujun 3 Herreman, Tine 3 Tongprasit, Waraporn 7 Barbano, Paolo Emilio 3,8 Bussemaker, Harmen J. 4,9 White, Kevin P. 3,6; Email Address: kevin.white@yale.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.  2: Genome Research Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.  4: Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.  5: Bioinformatics Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, Netherlands.  6: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.  7: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA.  8: Department of Mathematics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.  9: Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.; Source Info: 10/22/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5696, p655; Subject Term: PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: PROTEINS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4615
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levrard, Benjamin
AU  - Forget, François
AU  - Montmessin, Franck
AU  - Laskar, Jacques
T1  - Recent ice-rich deposits formed at high latitudes on Mars by sublimation of unstable equatorial ice during low obliquity.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2004/10/28/
VL  - 431
IS  - 7012
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1075
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Observations from the gamma-ray spectrometer instrument suite on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft have been interpreted as indicating the presence of vast reservoirs of near-surface ice in high latitudes of both martian hemispheres. Ice concentrations are estimated to range from 70 per cent at 60° latitude to 100 per cent near the poles, possibly overlain by a few centimetres of ice-free material in most places. This result is supported by morphological evidence of metres-thick layered deposits that are rich in water-ice and periglacial-like features found only at high latitudes. Diffusive exchange of water between the pore space of the regolith and the atmosphere has been proposed to explain this distribution, but such a degree of concentration is difficult to accommodate with such processes. Alternatively, there are suggestions that ice-rich deposits form by transport of ice from polar reservoirs and direct redeposition in high latitudes during periods of higher obliquity, but these results have been difficult to reproduce with other models. Here we propose instead that, during periods of low obliquity (less than 25°), high-latitude ice deposits form in both hemispheres by direct deposition of ice, as a result of sublimation from an equatorial ice reservoir that formed earlier, during a prolonged high-obliquity excursion. Using the ice accumulation rates estimated from global climate model simulations we show that, over the past ten million years, large variations of Mars' obliquity have allowed the formation of such metres-thick, sedimentary layered deposits in high latitude and polar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - ICE
KW  - POLAR regions
N1  - Accession Number: 14836576; Levrard, Benjamin 1; Email Address: blevrard@imcce.fr Forget, François 2 Montmessin, Franck 3 Laskar, Jacques 1; Affiliation:  1: Astronomie et Systèmes Dynamiques, IMC-CNRS UMR8028, 77 Avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France  2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Université Paris VI, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France  3: Space Science Division MS 245-3, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/28/2004, Vol. 431 Issue 7012, p1072; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: LATITUDE; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: POLAR regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03055
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jules, Kenol
AU  - McPherson, Kevin
AU  - Hrovat, Kenneth
AU  - Kelly, Eric
T1  - Initial characterization of the microgravity environment of the international space station: increments 2 through 4
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 855
EP  - 887
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The primary objective of the International Space Station (ISS) is to provide a long-term quiescent environment for the conduct of scientific research for a variety of microgravity science disciplines.This paper reports to the microgravity scientific community the results of an initial characterization of the microgravity environment on the International Space Station for increments 2 through 4. During that period almost <f>70,000 hours</f> of station operations and scientific experiments were conducted. <f>720 hours</f> of crew research time were logged aboard the orbiting laboratory and over half a terabyte of acceleration data were recorded and much of that was analyzed. The results discussed in this paper cover both the quasi-steady and vibratory acceleration environment of the station during its first year of scientific operation.For the quasi-steady environment, results are presented and discussed for the following: the space station attitudes Torque Equilibrium Attitude and the <f>X</f>-Axis Perpendicular to the Orbital Plane; station docking attitude maneuvers; Space Shuttle joint operation with the station; cabin de-pressurizations and the station water dumps.For the vibratory environment, results are presented for the following: crew exercise, docking events, and the activation/de-activation of both station life support system hardware and experiment hardware. Finally, a grand summary of all the data collected aboard the station during the 1-year period is presented showing where the overall quasi-steady and vibratory acceleration magnitude levels fall over that period of time using a 95th percentile benchmark. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE stations
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 14034384; Jules, Kenol 1; Email Address: kenol.jules-1@nasa.gov McPherson, Kevin 1 Hrovat, Kenneth 2 Kelly, Eric 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-7, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA  2: ZIN Technologies, Inc., MS 77-7, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p855; Subject Term: SPACE stations; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.04.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dhaniyala, S.
AU  - Wennberg, P.
AU  - Flagan, R.
AU  - Fahey, D.
AU  - Northway, M.
AU  - Gao, R.
AU  - Bui, T.
T1  - Stratospheric Aerosol Sampling: Effect of a Blunt-Body Housing on Inlet Sampling Characteristics.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 38
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1080
EP  - 1090
SN  - 02786826
AB  - During a campaign to study ozone loss mechanisms in the Arctic stratosphere (SOLVE), several instruments on NASA's ER-2 aircraft observed a very low number density (0.1 l-1) of large, nitric-acid-containing particles that form the polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). For effective physical and chemical characterization of these particles, the measurements from these instruments have to be intercompared and integrated. In particular, proper interpretation requires knowledge of the sampling characteristics of the particles into the instruments. Here, we present the calculation of the sampling characteristics of the one of the instruments on the ER-2, the NOAA NOy instrument. This instrument sampled ambient particles and gas from two forward-facing inlets located fore and aft on a particle-separation housing (the football) and measured total NOy in the sample. In recent studies, ambient aerosol mass has been estimated by the difference of the measurements of the two inlets with the assumption that the rear inlet observations represent the gas-phase NOy and small particles and the front inlet samples represent gas-phase NOy and all particle sizes with varied efficiency (anisokinetic sampling). This knowledge was derived largely from semiempirical relations and potential flow studies of the housing. In our study, we used CFD simulations to model the compressible flow conditions and considered noncontinuum effects in calculating particle trajectories. Our simulations show that the blunt body housing the inlets has a strong and complex interaction with the flow and particles sampled by the two inlets. The simulations show that the front inlet characteristics are influenced by the effect of the blunt body on the upstream pressure field. The rear inlet sampling characteristics are influenced both by the shape and size of the inlet and its location on the blunt body. These interactions result in calculated inlet characteristics that are significantly different from previously assumed values. Analysis of the SOLVE data, considering the ambient conditions and the calculated inlet sampling characteristics, in conjunction with thermodynamic growth modeling of super-cooled ternary solution (STS) particles, provides validation of the CFD results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - NITRIC acid
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 15314454; Dhaniyala, S. 1; Email Address: sdhaniya@clarkson.edu Wennberg, P. 2 Flagan, R. 3 Fahey, D. 4 Northway, M. Gao, R. 5 Bui, T. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA.  2: Divisions of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.  3: Division of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.  4: NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.  5: NOAA Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 38 Issue 11, p1080; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: NITRIC acid; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PRESSURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/027868290885818
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amitay, Michael
AU  - Washburn, Anthony E.
AU  - Anders, Scott G.
AU  - Parekh, David E.
T1  - Active Flow Control on the Stingray Uninhabited Air Vehicle: Transient Behavior.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2205
EP  - 2215
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The application of leading-edge separation control on an uninhabited air vehicle (UAV) with 50-deg leading-edge sweep is investigated experimentally in a full-scale close-return wind tunnel using arrays of synthetic jet actuators. Active flow control is used to enhance vehicle control at moderate and high angles of attack for takeoff and landing activities or gust load alleviation. The surface-mounted synthetic jet actuators are operated in various waveforms where the carrier frequency is at least an order of magnitude higher than the characteristic shedding frequency of the UAV. Actuation yields a suction peak near the leading edge, however, while excitation with a sinusoidal waveform results in a sharp suction peak near the leading edge; pulse modulation yields a larger and wider suction peak. The flow transients associated with controlled reattachment and separation of the flow over the UAV are investigated using amplitude modulation of the actuation waveform by measuring the dynamic surface pressure at different locations on the upper surface of the UAV's wing. Phase-locked measurements show that the transients, associated with the onset of reattachment and separation, at high angles of attack are accompanied by the shedding of large-scale vortical structures and oscillations of the surface pressure. However, no oscillations are observed when the baseline flow is attached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - LEADING edges (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MODULATION (Electronics)
N1  - Accession Number: 15168549; Amitay, Michael 1; Email Address: amitam@rpi.edu Washburn, Anthony E. 2 Anders, Scott G. 2 Parekh, David E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Georgia Tech Research Institute, Atlanta, Georgia 30080; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2205; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: LEADING edges (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MODULATION (Electronics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 54 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goodsell, Aga M.
AU  - Kennelly Jr., Robert A.
T1  - Accounting for Laminar Run and Trip Drag in Supersonic Cruise Performance Testing.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2225
EP  - 2233
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Recent experimental assessment of cruise performance for a supersonic transport has led to reevaluation of some time-honored techniques for trip drag correction. Two wind-tunnel tests were conducted on a wing/body configuration at Mach 2.4 and Reynolds number 6.4 × 106. A method for determining corrections to the drag near the cruise angle of attack is presented. These corrections account for the trip drag associated with attempts to induce boundary-layer transition and for the effect of any laminar flow that persists on the model. Extensive flow visualization using a subliming chemical revealed that the boundary-layer trip was not consistently effective. Flow over a portion of the upper wing surface exhibited delayed transition for even the largest trip heights tested. Laminar run corrections based on measured transition locations were computed using flat-plate skin-friction formulas. Once corrected for laminar run, the drag was constant for small trip heights (‘drag plateau’) before linearly increasing with trip height. Therefore, a trip drag correction is required only for those trip heights beyond the plateau. It is concluded that correction for laminar run is essential and must precede evaluation of trip drag. Neither correction is negligible at the level of accuracy desired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - SUPERSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 15168551; Goodsell, Aga M. 1; Email Address: Aga.M.Goodsell@nasa.gov Kennelly Jr., Robert A. 2; Email Address: RAKennelly@ObjectiveInsights.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Objective Insights, Inc., Palo Alto, California 94309-8401; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2225; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Venkataraman, Satchi
AU  - Haftka, Raphael T.
AU  - Sankar, Bhavani V.
AU  - Huadong Zhu
AU  - Blosser, Max L.
T1  - Optimal Functionally Graded Metallic Foam Thermal Insulation.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2355
EP  - 2365
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Optimum density profiles that minimize heat transmission through a metal foam thermal insulation under one-dimensional steady-state conditions are investigated. The effective thermal conductivity of the foam is derived in terms of cell parameters and the temperature. Maximizing the temperature at the outside wall of the insulation minimizes the heat conduction through the insulation because this maximizes the radiated heat. An optimality condition is derived, and the optimization problem is reduced to that of an ordinary, but a nonlinear differential equation, which is solved numerically. The optimum density variation through the thickness of the insulation for a given incident heat flux and the transmitted heat are presented for graded and uniform foams with open and closed cells. For open-cell foams, functional grading of the foam density can reduce the heat transfer through the foam for given thickness. Conversely, for a specified amount of heat transmission through the foam, the functionally graded foam insulation can be made thinner than uniform density foam insulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - HEATING
KW  - FOAM
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - ENERGY transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 15168565; Venkataraman, Satchi 1; Email Address: satchi@engineering.sdsu.edu Haftka, Raphael T. 2; Email Address: haftka@ufl.edu Sankar, Bhavani V. 2; Email Address: sankar@ufl.edu Huadong Zhu 2; Email Address: zhuhd@aero.ufl.edu Blosser, Max L. 3; Email Address: m.l.blosser@larc.nasa.gov.; Affiliation:  1: San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182  2: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6250  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2355; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: FOAM; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raju, I. S.
AU  - Phillips, D. R.
AU  - Krishnamurthy, T.
T1  - A radial basis function approach in the meshless local Petrov-Galerkin method for Euler-Bernoulli beam problems.
JO  - Computational Mechanics
JF  - Computational Mechanics
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 464
EP  - 474
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01787675
AB  - A meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method that uses radial basis functions rather than generalized moving least squares (GMLS) interpolations to develop the trial functions in the study of Euler-Bernoulli beam problems is presented. The use of radial basis functions (RBF) in meshless methods is demonstrated for C1 problems for the first time. This interpolation choice yields a computationally simpler method as fewer matrix inversions and multiplications are required than when GMLS interpolations are used. Test functions are chosen as simple weight functions as in the conventional MLPG method. Patch tests, mixed boundary value problems, and problems with complex loading conditions are considered. The radial basis MLPG method yields accurate results for deflections, slopes, moments, and shear forces, and the accuracy of these results is better than that obtained using the conventional MLPG method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MESHFREE methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - MATRIX inversion
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - Beam problems
KW  - Meshless methods
KW  - MLPG method
KW  - Radial basis functions
N1  - Accession Number: 15090380; Raju, I. S. 1; Email Address: ivatury.s.raju@nasa.gov Phillips, D. R. 1 Krishnamurthy, T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 240, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, U.S.A.; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p464; Subject Term: MESHFREE methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Subject Term: MATRIX inversion; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beam problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meshless methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: MLPG method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radial basis functions; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00466-004-0591-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Lu, James
AU  - Park, Michael A.
AU  - Darmofal, David L.
T1  - An implicit, exact dual adjoint solution method for turbulent flows on unstructured grids
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 33
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1155
SN  - 00457930
AB  - An implicit algorithm for solving the discrete adjoint system based on an unstructured-grid discretization of the Navier–Stokes equations is presented. The method is constructed such that an adjoint solution exactly dual to a direct differentiation approach is recovered at each time step, yielding a convergence rate which is asymptotically equivalent to that of the primal system. The new approach is implemented within a three-dimensional unstructured-grid framework and results are presented for inviscid, laminar, and turbulent flows. Improvements to the baseline solution algorithm, such as line-implicit relaxation and a tight coupling of the turbulence model, are also presented. By storing nearest-neighbor terms in the residual computation, the dual scheme is computationally efficient, while requiring twice the memory of the flow solution. The current implementation allows for multiple right-hand side vectors, enabling simultaneous adjoint solutions for several cost functions or constraints with minimal additional storage requirements, while reducing the solution time compared to serial applications of the adjoint solver. The scheme is expected to have a broad impact on computational problems related to design optimization as well as error estimation and grid adaptation efforts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
N1  - Accession Number: 13177442; Nielsen, Eric J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.nielsen@nasa.gov Lu, James 2 Park, Michael A. 1 Darmofal, David L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, MS 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 33 Issue 9, p1131; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2003.09.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knowlton, Kim
AU  - Rosenthal, Joyce E.
AU  - Hogrefe, Christian
AU  - Lynn, Barry
AU  - Gaffin, Stuart
AU  - Goldberg, Richard
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
AU  - Kevin3Civerolo
AU  - Ku, Jia-veong
AU  - Kinney, Patrick L.
T1  - Assessing Ozone-Related Health Impacts under a Changing Climate.
JO  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF  - Environmental Health Perspectives
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 112
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1557
EP  - 1563
PB  - Superintendent of Documents
SN  - 00916765
AB  - Climate change may increase the frequency and intensity of ozone episodes in future summers in the United States. However, only recently have models become available that can assess the impact of climate change on O3 concentrations and health effects at regional and local scales that are relevant to adaptive planning. We developed and applied an integrated modeling framework to assess potential O3-related health impacts in future decades under a changing climate. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Institute fin Space Studies global climate model at 4° × 5° resolution was linked to the Penn State/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model 5 and the Community Multiscale Air Quality atmospheric chemistry model at 36 km horizontal grid resolution to simulate hourly regional meteorology and O3 in five summers of the 2050s decade across the 31-county New York metropolitan region. We assessed changes in O3-related impacts on summer mortality resulting from climate change alone and with climate change superimposed on changes in O3 precursor emissions and population growth. Considering climate change alone, there was a median 4.5% increase in O3-related acute mortality across the 31 counties. Incorporating O3 precursor emission increases along with climate change yielded similar results. When population growth was factored into the projections, absolute impacts increased substantially. Counties with the highest percent increases in projected O3 mortality spread beyond the urban core into less densely populated suburban counties. This modeling framework provides a potentially useful new tool for assessing the health risks of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of Superintendent of Documents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - OZONE
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - POPULATION
KW  - DEMOGRAPHY
KW  - HEALTH risk assessment
KW  - air pollution
KW  - climate change
KW  - global warming
KW  - mortality
KW  - ozone.
N1  - Accession Number: 14944383; Knowlton, Kim 1; Email Address: kmk47@colurnbia.edu Rosenthal, Joyce E. 1 Hogrefe, Christian 2 Lynn, Barry 3 Gaffin, Stuart 3 Goldberg, Richard 3 Rosenzweig, Cynthia 4 Kevin3Civerolo 5 Ku, Jia-veong 5 Kinney, Patrick L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA;  2: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York, USA;  3: Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, New York, USA;  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York, USA;  5: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Bureau of Air Research, Albany, New York, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 112 Issue 15, p1557; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: POPULATION; Subject Term: DEMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: HEALTH risk assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: mortality; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 1O.1289/ehp.7163
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Hibbitts, C.A.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Hansen, G.B.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Bussoletti, E.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
T1  - Cassini VIMS observations of the Galilean satellites including the VIMS calibration procedure
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 172
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 104
EP  - 126
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed the Galilean satellites during the Cassini spacecraft''s 2000/2001 flyby of Jupiter, providing compositional and thermal information about their surfaces. The Cassini spacecraft approached the jovian system no closer than about 126 Jupiter radii, about 9 million kilometers, at a phase angle of , resulting in only sub-pixel observations by VIMS of the Galilean satellites. Nevertheless, most of the spectral features discovered by the Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) aboard the Galileo spacecraft during more than four years of observations have been identified in the VIMS data analyzed so far, including a possible 13C absorption. In addition, VIMS made observations in the visible part of the spectrum and at several new phase angles for all the Galilean satellites and the calculated phase functions are presented. In the process of analyzing these data, the VIMS radiometric and spectral calibrations were better determined in preparation for entry into the Saturn system. Treatment of these data is presented as an example of the VIMS data reduction, calibration and analysis process and a detailed explanation is given of the calibration process applied to the Jupiter data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - GALILEAN satellites
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - Galilean satellites
KW  - Jupiter system
KW  - Satellite surfaces
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Space mission
KW  - Surface composition
N1  - Accession Number: 14783433; McCord, T.B.; Email Address: mccordtb@aol.com Coradini, A. 1 Hibbitts, C.A. 2 Capaccioni, F. 3 Hansen, G.B. 2 Filacchione, G. 3 Clark, R.N. 4 Cerroni, P. 3 Brown, R.H. 5 Baines, K.H. 6 Bellucci, G. 1 Bibring, J.-P. 7 Buratti, B.J. 6 Bussoletti, E. 8 Combes, M. 9 Cruikshank, D.P. 10 Drossart, P. 11 Formisano, V. 1 Jaumann, R. 12 Langevin, Y. 7; Affiliation:  1: Istituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma 00133, Italy  2: Planetary Science Institute, 22 Fiddler's Rd., Winthrop, WA 98862-0667, USA  3: Istituto Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma 00133, Italy  4: USGS, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA  5: Department Pl. Sci. and LPL, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: Université de Paris Sud-Orsay, IAS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  8: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy  9: Departement de Recherche Spatial, 5, Place Jules Jannsen, 92195 Meudon Principal Cedex, France  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  11: Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5, Place Jules Jannsen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  12: DLR, Institute for Planet. Expl., Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 172 Issue 1, p104; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: GALILEAN satellites; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Galilean satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface composition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - D'Aversa, E.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Matson, D.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
T1  - Cassini/VIMS observation of an Io post-eclipse brightening event
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 172
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 141
EP  - 148
SN  - 00191035
AB  - During the Cassini–Jupiter flyby, VIMS observed Io at different phase angles, both in full sunlight and in eclipse. By using the sunlight measurements, we were able to produce phase curves in the visual through all the near infrared wavelengths covered by the VIMS instrument (0.85–5.1 μm). The phase angle spanned from ∼2° to ∼120°. The measurements, done just after Io emerged from Jupiter''s shadow, show an increase of about 15% in Io''s reflectance with respect to what would be predicted by the phase curve. This behavior is observed at wavelengths >1.2 μm. Moreover, just after emergence from eclipse an increase of about 25% is observed in the depth of SO2 frost bands at 4.07 and 4.35 μm. At <f>0.879<λ<1.04</f> μm the brightening is 10–24%. Below <f>λ=0.879</f> μm the brightening, if present, should be less than the precision of our measurements (<f>∼5%</f>). Apparently, these observations are not explained neither by a diverse spatial distribution of SO2 on the Io'' surface nor by atmospheric SO2 condensation on the surface during the eclipse. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SOLAR eclipses
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Io
KW  - Satellites of Jupiter
N1  - Accession Number: 14783435; Bellucci, G. 1; Email Address: giancarlo.bellucci@ifsi.rm.cnr.it D'Aversa, E. 1 Formisano, V. 1 Cruikshank, D. 2 Nelson, R.M. 3 Clark, R.N. 4 Baines, K.H. 3 Matson, D. 3 Brown, R.H. 5 McCord, T.B. 6 Buratti, B.J. 3 Nicholson, P.D. 7; Affiliation:  1: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  4: US Geological Survey, Box 25046 Denver Fed. Ctr., Denver, CO 80025, USA  5: Lunar and Planetary Lab and Stewart Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  6: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  7: Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 172 Issue 1, p141; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SOLAR eclipses; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Jupiter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.05.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levy, Robert C.
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Kaufman, Yoram J.
T1  - Effects of Neglecting Polarization on the MODIS Aerosol Retrieval Over Land.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2576
EP  - 2583
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Reflectance measurements in the visible and infrared wavelengths, from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS), are used to derive aerosol optical thicknesses (AOTs) and aerosol properties over ocean and land surfaces, separately. Both algorithms employ radiative transfer (RT) code to create lookup tables, simulating the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance measured by the satellite. Whereas the algorithm over ocean uses a vector RT code that includes the effects of atmospheric polarization, the algorithm over land assumes scalar UT, thus neglecting polarization effects. In the red (0.66 μm) and infrared (2.12 μm) MODIS channels, scattering by molecules (Rayleigh scattering) is minimal. In these bands, the use of a scalar RT code is of sufficient accuracy to model TOA reflectance. However, in the blue (0.47 μm), the presence of larger Rayleigh scattering (optical thickness approaching 0.2) results in nonnegligible polarization. The absolute difference between vector-and scalar-calculated TOA reflectance, even in the presence of depolarizing aerosols, is large enough to lead to substantial errors in retrieved AOT. Using RT code that allows for both vector and scalar calculations, we examine the reflectance differences at the TOA, assuming discrete loadings of continental-type aerosol. We find that the differences in blue channel TOA reflectance (vector-scalar) may be greater than 0.01 such that errors in derived AOT may be greater than 0.1. Errors may be positive or negative, depending on the specific geometry, and tend to cancel out when averages over a large enough sample of satellite geometry. Thus, the neglect of polarization introduces little error into global and long-term averages, yet can produce very large errors on smaller scales and individual retrievals. As a result of this study, a future version of aerosol retrieval from MODIS over land will include polarization within the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - land
KW  - Moderate Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS)
KW  - polarization
KW  - radiative transfer.
N1  - Accession Number: 15252210; Levy, Robert C. 1,2,3; Email Address: levy@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov Remer, Lorraine A. 2; Email Address: remer@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov Kaufman, Yoram J. 2; Email Address: kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20771 USA.  2: Laboratory for Atmospheres, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  3: Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2576; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: land; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Imaging Spectrora-diometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer.; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.837336
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Lin, Bin
AU  - Young, David F.
T1  - Application of Deep Convective Cloud Albedo Observation to Satellite-Based Study of the Terrestrial Atmosphere: Monitoring the Stability of Spaceborne Measurements and Assessing Absorption Anomaly.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2594
EP  - 2599
SN  - 01962892
AB  - An objective method is developed to monitor the stability of spaceborne instruments, aimed at distinguishing climate trend from instrument drift in satellite-based climate observation records. This method is based on four-years of Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) broadband observations of deep convective cloud systems with cloud-top temperature lower than 205 K and with large optical depths. The implementation of this method to the CERES instrument stability analysis reveals that the monthly albedo distributions are practically the same for deep convective clouds with CERES measurements acquired from both the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission and Terra satellite platforms, indicating that CERES instruments are well calibrated and stable during both missions. Furthermore, with a nonlinear regression neural network narrowband-broadband conversion, this instrument-stability monitoring method can also be applied to narrowband instruments such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS). The results show that the drifts associated with both VIRS and MODIS instruments are less than 1% during a four-year period. Since the CERES albedo measurements are highly accurate, the absorptance of these opaque clouds can be reliably estimated. The absorptions of these clouds from observations are around 25%, whereas the absorptions from theory can be as low as 18%, depending on ice cloud microphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in surveying
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Absorption anomaly
KW  - albedo
KW  - deep convective cloud
KW  - instrument stability
KW  - radiative transfer.
N1  - Accession Number: 15252212; Hu, Yongxiang 1; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov Wielicki, Bruce A. 2; Email Address: bruce.a.wielicki @nasa.gov Yang, Ping 3; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W. 1 Lin, Bin 1 Young, David F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Radiation and Aerosols Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.  2: Atmospheric Sciences Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p2594; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in surveying; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption anomaly; Author-Supplied Keyword: albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep convective cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrument stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer.; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.834765
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barsi, S.
AU  - Kassemi, M.
AU  - Alexander, J.I.D.
T1  - Effects of void-induced convection on interface morphology and segregation during low-g solidification
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 47
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 5129
EP  - 5137
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Recent microgravity experiments have been hampered by convection caused by unwanted voids and/or bubbles in the melt. In this work, a numerical model is developed to describe how thermocapillary convection generated by a void can affect a typical Bridgman solidification process in microgravity. The model is based on the quasi-steady Navier–Stokes equations for a Newtonian fluid coupled with the conservation equations for transport of energy and species. Numerical solutions for a variety of operating conditions indicate that void-generated thermocapillary convection can have a drastic effect on both interface morphology and solutal transport. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - HYDRAULICS
KW  - Bubbles
KW  - Materials processing
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Numerical modeling
KW  - Segregation
KW  - Solidification
KW  - Thermocapillary convection
N1  - Accession Number: 14709403; Barsi, S. 1 Kassemi, M. 2; Email Address: mohammad.kassemi@grc.nasa.gov Alexander, J.I.D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  2: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 47 Issue 23, p5129; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: EXTREME environments; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: HYDRAULICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bubbles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Materials processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Segregation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solidification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermocapillary convection; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.05.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fleming, David P.
AU  - Poplawski, J. V.
T1  - Transient Vibration Prediction for Rotors on Ball Bearings Using Load-Dependent Nonlinear Bearing Stiffness.
JO  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
JF  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 489
EP  - 494
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1023621X
AB  - Rolling-element bearing forces vary nonlinearly with bearing deflection. Thus an accurate rotordynamic transient analysis requires bearing forces to be determined at each step of the transient solution. Analyses have been carried out to show the effect of accurate bearing transient forces (accounting for nonlinear speed and load-dependent bearing stiffness) as compared to conventional use of average rolling-element bearing stiffness. Bearing forces were calculated by COBRA-AHS (Computer Optimized Ball and Roller Bearing Analysis—Advanced High Speed) and supplied to the rotordynamics code ARDS (Analysis of RotorDynamic Systems) for accurate simulation of rotor transient behavior. COBRA-AHS is a fast-running five degree-of-freedom computer code able to calculate high speed rolling-element bearing load-displacement data for radial and angular contact ball bearings and also for cylindrical and tapered roller bearings. Results show that use of nonlinear bearing characteristics is essential for accurate prediction of rotordynamic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Rotating Machinery is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - SPEED
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ELECTRIC machinery -- Rotors
KW  - Bearing life
KW  - Rolling-element bearing stiffness
KW  - Rolling-element bearings
KW  - Rotordynamics
KW  - Transient dynamic analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 15059540; Fleming, David P. 1 Poplawski, J. V. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  2: J. V. Poplawski and Associates, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 10 Issue 6, p489; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ELECTRIC machinery -- Rotors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bearing life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rolling-element bearing stiffness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rolling-element bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotordynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transient dynamic analysis; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10236210490504102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shazly, Mostafa
AU  - Prakash, Vikas
AU  - Draper, Susan
T1  - Mechanical behavior of Gamma-Met PX under uniaxial loading at elevated temperatures and high strain rates
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 22/23
M3  - Article
SP  - 6485
EP  - 6503
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Gamma titanium aluminides have received considerable attention over the last decade. These alloys are known to have low density, good high temperature strength retention and good oxidation and corrosion resistance. However, poor ductility and low fracture toughness have been the key limiting factors in the full utilization of these alloys. More recently, a new generation of gamma titanium aluminide alloys, commonly referred to as Gamma-Met PX, has been developed by GKSS, Germany. These alloys have been observed to have superior strength and better oxidation resistance at elevated temperatures when compared with conventional gamma titanium aluminides.The present paper discusses results of a study to understand the uniaxial mechanical behavior in both compression and tension of Gamma-Met PX at elevated temperatures and high strain rates. The compression and tensile tests are conducted using a modified Split-Hopkinson Bar apparatus at test temperatures ranging from room temperature to 900 °C and strain rates of up to 3500 s-1. Under uniaxial compression, in the temperature range from room to 600 °C, the flow stress is observed to be nearly independent of test temperature. However, at temperatures higher than 600 °C thermal softening is observed at all strain rates with the rate of thermal softening increasing dramatically between 800 and 900 °C. The room temperature tensile tests show negligible strain-rate dependence on both yield stress and flow stress. With an increase in test temperature from room to 900 °C, the material shows a drop in both yield and flow stress at all levels of plastic strain. However, the measured flow stress is still higher when compared to nickel based super-alloys and other gamma titanium aluminides under similar test conditions. Also, no anomaly in yield stress is observed up to 900 °C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - TENSILE architecture
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - Dynamic compression tests
KW  - Dynamic tensile tests
KW  - Elevated temperature
KW  - Gamma-Met PX
N1  - Accession Number: 14373721; Shazly, Mostafa 1 Prakash, Vikas 1; Email Address: prakash@mae.cwru.edu Draper, Susan 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7222, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 41 Issue 22/23, p6485; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: TENSILE architecture; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic compression tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic tensile tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elevated temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma-Met PX; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.05.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raney, David L.
AU  - Slominskit, Eric C.
T1  - Mechanization and Control Concepts for Biologically Inspired Micro Air Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1257
EP  - 1265
SN  - 00218669
AB  - It is possible that micro air vehicle (MAV) designs of the future will exploit flapping flight to perform missions that require extreme agility, such as rapid flight beneath a forest canopy or within the confines of a building. Many of nature's most agile fliers generate flapping motions through resonant excitation of an aeroelastically tailored structure: muscle tissue is used to excite a vibratory mode of their flexible wing structure that creates propulsion and lift. A number of micro air vehicle concepts have been proposed that would operate in a similar fashion. An ongoing research activity is described in which mechanization and control concepts with application to resonant flapping MAVs are being explored. Structural approaches, mechanical design, sensing, and wingbeat control concepts inspired by hummingbirds, bats, and insects are examined. Experimental results from a testbed capable of generating vibratory wingbeat patterns that approximately match those exhibited by hummingbirds in hover, cruise, and reverse flight are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - INDUSTRIAL efficiency
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - MOTOR ability
KW  - INDUSTRIAL equipment
N1  - Accession Number: 15829535; Raney, David L. 1,2 Slominskit, Eric C. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Member AIAA  3: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061; Source Info: Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1257; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL efficiency; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: MOTOR ability; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL equipment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saephan, S.
AU  - Van Dam, C. P.
AU  - Fremaux, C. M.
AU  - DalBello, T.
T1  - Simulation of Flow About Rotating Forebodies at High Angles of Attack.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1298
EP  - 1305
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solver is used to predict the forces and moments on forebody models at high angle-of-attack rotary conditions. Cases simulated using either a circular or square ogive at an angle of attack of 60 deg, freestream Mach number of 0.21, and Reynolds number based on body diameter of approximately two million are presented and compared against wind-tunnel data from rotary testing on generic forebody models conducted by NASA Langley Research Center and the Defence Research Agency in the United Kingdom. The simulations provide insight into the flow characteristics at steady rotary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
N1  - Accession Number: 15829539; Saephan, S. 1; Email Address: ssaephan@ucdavis.edu Van Dam, C. P. 2; Email Address: cpvandam@ucdavis.edu Fremaux, C. M. 3; Email Address: Charles.M.Fremaux@nasa.gov DalBello, T. 4; Email Address: teryn@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5294  2: Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5294  3: Research Engineer, Mail Stop 153, Vehicle Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Senior Research Associate, 21000 Brookpark Road, University of Toledo, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1298; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malik, M. R.
AU  - Lin, R.-S.
T1  - Transition Prediction on the Slat of a High-Lift System.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1384
EP  - 1392
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In this paper, a transition prediction approach for the slat of a high-lift system is presented. Accurate mean flows over a multi-element airfoil at various angles of attack have been calculated by using a Navier-Stokes code. Linear parabolized stability equations have been used to analyze these mean flows and to generate the database for simplified transition prediction correlations. The slat transition prediction module, constituting these correlations, is then used to analyze low-disturbance wind-tunnel data for transition onset in the slat boundary layer. Good agreement is found when Ntr = 9 is used as the transition criterion for the two-dimensional flow on the slat of a three-element high-lift system for a range of angle of attack. Comparison of velocity profiles from Navier-Stokes and boundary-layer computations indicates significant departure from the assumptions associated with the first-order boundary-layer theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MODEL airplanes -- Wings
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
N1  - Accession Number: 15829549; Malik, M. R. 1,2 Lin, R.-S. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Chief Scientist; currently Senior Research Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, High Technology Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Senior Research Scientist; currently Staff Research Engineer, United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut, High Technology Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23666  4: Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1384; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes -- Wings; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, D.
AU  - McAlister, K. W.
AU  - Tso, T.
T1  - Control of VR-7 Dynamic Stall by Strong Steady Blowing.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2004/11//Nov/Dec2004
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1404
EP  - 1413
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An experiment was performed in a water tunnel on a Boeing-Vertol VR-7 airfoil to study the effects of tangential blowing over the upper surface. Blowing was applied at the quarter-chord location during sinusoidal pitching oscillations described by α = αm + 10 deg sin ωt. Results were obtained for a Reynolds number of 1 x 105, mean angles of 10 and 15 deg, reduced frequencies ranging from 0.005 to 0.15, and blowing rates from Cμ = 0.16 to 0.66. Unsteady lift, drag, and pitching moment loads are reported, along with fluorescent-dye flow visualizations. Strong steady blowing was found to prevent the bursting of the leading-edge separation bubble at several test points. When this occurred, the lift was increased significantly, stall was averted, and the shape of the moment response showed a positive damping in pitch. In almost all cases, steady blowing reduced the hysteresis amplitudes present in the loads, but the benefits diminished as the reduced frequency and mean angle of oscillation increased. A limited number of pulsed blowing cases indicated that for low blowing rates, the greatest gains were achieved at F+ = 0.9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - WATER tunnels
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MODEL airplanes -- Wings
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 15829551; Weaver, D. 1 McAlister, K. W. 2 Tso, T. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer Senior, Aerodynamics, Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control, Dallas, Texas 75265-003  2: Research Scientist, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035-1000  3: Professor, Aerospace Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California 93407  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2004, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1404; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: WATER tunnels; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes -- Wings; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Hash, David B.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Residual gas analysis of a dc plasma for carbon nanofiber growth.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2004/11//11/1/2004
VL  - 96
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 5284
EP  - 5292
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We report the analysis of a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process for carbon nanofiber growth. A direct current (dc) plasma is employed with a mixture of acetylene and ammonia. Residual gas analysis is performed on the downstream plasma effluent to determine degrees of precursor dissociation and high molecular weight species formation. Results are correlated to growth quality obtained in the plasma as a function of dc voltage/power, gas mixture, and pressure. Behaviors in plasma chemistry are understood through application of a zero-dimensional model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - VAPOR-plating
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
N1  - Accession Number: 14909575; Cruden, Brett A. 1; Email Address: bcruden@mail.arc.nasa.gov Cassell, Alan M. 1 Hash, David B. 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 11/1/2004, Vol. 96 Issue 9, p5284; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: VAPOR-plating; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1779975
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, R. Brett
AU  - Grimsley, Brian W.
AU  - Inman, Daniel J.
AU  - Wilkie, W. Keats
T1  - Manufacturing and Cure Kinetics Modeling for Macro Fiber Composite Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 1741
EP  - 1754
AB  - The use of piezoelectric ceramic materials for structural actuation is a fairly well-developed practice that has found use in a wide variety of applications. However, just as advanced composites offer many benefits over traditional engineering materials for structural design, actuators that utilize the active properties of piezoelectric fibers can improve upon many of the limitations encountered with monolithic piezoceramic devices used to control structural dynamics. This paper discusses the Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) actuator, which utilizes piezoceramic fibers, for example, lead zirconate titanate (PZT), embedded in an epoxy matrix for structural actuation. An overview of the MFC assembly process is presented, followed by a cure kinetics model that describes the behavior of the thermosetting epoxy matrix. This empirical model is seen to agree closely with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - cure kinetics
KW  - DSC
KW  - macro fiber composite
KW  - manufacturing
N1  - Accession Number: 17272372; Williams, R. Brett 1; Email Address: rowilli6@vt.edu Grimsley, Brian W. 2 Inman, Daniel J. 3 Wilkie, W. Keats 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech 310 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0261, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, USA  4: Structural Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 23 Issue 16, p1741; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cure kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSC; Author-Supplied Keyword: macro fiber composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684404040171
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaofan Li
AU  - Finkbeiner, Joshua
AU  - Raman, Ganesh
AU  - Daniels, Christopher
AU  - Steinetz, Bruce M.
T1  - Optimized shapes of oscillating resonators for generating high-amplitude pressure waves.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 116
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2814
EP  - 2821
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Several studies have proved that the geometry of an oscillating acoustic resonator strongly influences its resonance frequencies and the nonlinear standing pressure waveform generated within the cavity. The research presented herein uses a quasi-one-dimensional numerical model to solve the acoustic field and is validated by comparing with experimental results. A quasi-Newton type numerical scheme is used to optimize the axisymmetric cavity contour by maximizing the pressure compression ratio, defined as the ratio of maximum to minimum gas pressure at one end of the oscillating resonator. Cone, horn-cone, and cosine resonator contours are each optimized for a fixed amplitude of the periodic external force oscillating the cavity. Different optimized shapes are found when starting with different initial guesses, indicating multiple local extrema. The maximum pressure compression ratio value of 48 is found in an optimized horn-cone shape. This represents a 241% increase in the compression ratio over any previously published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - RESONATORS
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20548813; Xiaofan Li 1; Email Address: lix@iit.edu Finkbeiner, Joshua 2 Raman, Ganesh 2 Daniels, Christopher 3 Steinetz, Bruce M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616  2: Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616  3: University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 116 Issue 5, p2814; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: RESONATORS; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.1810139
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20548813&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelker, A. G.
AU  - Joshi, S. M.
T1  - Control of Elastic Systems via Passivity-Based Methods.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1699
EP  - 1735
SN  - 10775463
AB  - In this paper we present a controller synthesis approach for elastic systems based on the mathematical concept of passivity. For nonlinear and linear elastic systems that are inherently passive, robust control laws are presented that guarantee stability. Examples of such systems include flexible structures with collocated and compatible actuators and sensors, and multibody space-based robotic manipulators. For linear elastic systems that are not inherently passive, methods are presented for rendering them passive by compensation. The "passified" systems can then be robustly controlled by a class of passive linear controllers that guarantee stability despite uncertainties an, d inaccuracies in the mathematical models. The controller synthesis approach is demonstrated by application to five different types of elastic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - FLEXIBLE structures
KW  - dissipative systems
KW  - elastic systems
KW  - passivity
KW  - robust control
KW  - Vibration control
N1  - Accession Number: 15288235; Kelker, A. G. 1 Joshi, S. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  2: Mail Stop 132, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 10 Issue 11, p1699; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: FLEXIBLE structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: dissipative systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: elastic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: passivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibration control; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 29 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1077546304042066
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, Guo-Wei
AU  - Wang, Meng
AU  - Lele, Sanjiva K.
T1  - On the computation of space-time correlations by large-eddy simulation.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 16
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3859
EP  - 3867
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The effect of subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling on velocity (space-) time correlations is investigated in decaying isotropic turbulence. The performance of several SGS models is evaluated, which shows superiority of the dynamic Smagorinsky model used in conjunction with the multiscale large-eddy simulation (LES) procedure. Compared to the results of direct numerical simulation, LES is shown to underpredict the (un-normalized) correlation magnitude and slightly overpredict the decorrelation time scales. This can lead to inaccurate solutions in applications such as aeroacoustics. The underprediction of correlation functions is particularly severe for higher wavenumber modes which are swept by the most energetic modes. The classic sweeping hypothesis for stationary turbulence is generalized for decaying turbulence and used to analyze the observed discrepancies. Based on this analysis, the time correlations are determined by the wavenumber energy spectra and the sweeping velocity, which is the square root of the total energy. Hence, an accurate prediction of the instantaneous energy spectra is most critical to the accurate computation of time correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE & time
KW  - WORLD line (Physics)
KW  - PHILOSOPHY
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 14688834; He, Guo-Wei 1 Wang, Meng 2; Email Address: wangm@stanford.edu Lele, Sanjiva K. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, NASA Ames Research Center/Stanford University, MS 19-44, Moffett Field, California 94035 and LNM, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China  2: Center for Turbulence Research, NASA Ames Research Center/Stanford University, MS 19-44, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Departments of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Mechanical Engineering, Durand Building, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4035; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p3859; Subject Term: SPACE & time; Subject Term: WORLD line (Physics); Subject Term: PHILOSOPHY; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1779251
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hughes, Thomas J. R.
AU  - Wells, Garth N.
AU  - Wray, Alan A.
T1  - Energy transfers and spectral eddy viscosity in large-eddy simulations of homogeneous isotropic turbulence: Comparison of dynamic Smagorinsky and multiscale models over a range of discretizations.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 16
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4044
EP  - 4052
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Energy transfers within large-eddy simulation (LES) and direct numerical simulation (DNS) grids are studied. The spectral eddy viscosity for conventional dynamic Smagorinsky and variational multiscale LES methods are compared with DNS results. Both models underestimate the DNS results for a very coarse LES, but the dynamic Smagorinsky model is significantly better. For moderately to well-refined LES, the dynamic Smagorinsky model overestimates the spectral eddy viscosity at low wave numbers. The multiscale model is in good agreement with DNS for these cases. The convergence of the multiscale model to the DNS with grid refinement is more rapid than for the dynamic Smagorinsky model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 14688815; Hughes, Thomas J. R. 1 Wells, Garth N. 2 Wray, Alan A. 3; Affiliation:  1: The University of Texas at Austin, 201 East 24th Street, ACES 6.412, 1 University Station C0200, Austin, Texas 78735-0027  2: Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p4044; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1789157
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=14688815&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Towner, M.C.
AU  - Patel, M.R.
AU  - Ringrose, T.J.
AU  - Zarnecki, J.C.
AU  - Pullan, D.
AU  - Sims, M.R.
AU  - Haapanala, S.
AU  - Harri, A.-M.
AU  - Polkko, J.
AU  - Wilson, C.F.
AU  - Zent, A.P.
AU  - Quinn, R.C.
AU  - Grunthaner, F.J.
AU  - Hecht, M.H.
AU  - Garry, J.R.C.
T1  - The Beagle 2 environmental sensors: science goals and instrument description
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 52
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1141
EP  - 1156
SN  - 00320633
AB  - A suite of instruments on the Beagle 2 Mars lander was designed and built in order to investigate the environmental conditions at the landing site. The sensor suite was capable of measuring air temperature at two heights, surface level pressure, wind speed and direction, saltated particle momentum, UV flux (diffuse and direct at five wavelengths), the total accumulated radiation dose and investigating the nature of the oxidising environment. The scientific goals of the instruments are discussed within the context of current understanding of the environmental conditions on Mars, and the instruments themselves are described in detail. Beagle 2 landed on Mars in late 2003, as part of the ESA Mars Express mission. The expected lifetime of the lander on the surface was 180 sols, with a landing site in Isidis Planitia, but has not responded to attempts to contact it, and has now been declared lost. The Environmental Sensor Suite (ESS) was intended to monitor and characterise the current local meteorological parameters, investigating specific areas of scientific interest raised from previous missions, most notably dust transport and transient phenomena, and additionally to add context to the conditions that any possible martian micro-organisms would have to face. The design of the instrument suite was strongly influenced by mass limitations, with eight sensor subsystems having a total mass of approximately 100g. Although Beagle 2 has been now declared lost, the scientific goals of an Environmental Sensors Suite still remain a valid target for any future astrobiology orientated missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - Environment
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 14958163; Towner, M.C.; Email Address: m.c.towner@open.ac.uk Patel, M.R. 1 Ringrose, T.J. 1 Zarnecki, J.C. 1 Pullan, D. 2 Sims, M.R. 2 Haapanala, S. 3 Harri, A.-M. 3 Polkko, J. 3 Wilson, C.F. 4 Zent, A.P. 5 Quinn, R.C. 6 Grunthaner, F.J. 7 Hecht, M.H. 7 Garry, J.R.C. 8; Affiliation:  1: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, UK  2: Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, UK  3: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Geophysical Research Division, P.O. BOX 503, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland  4: Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, UK  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: SCM/Astrobiology group, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Gorlaeus Laboratories, Einsteinweg 55, Postbox 9502, Leiden, RA 2300, Netherlands; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 52 Issue 13, p1141; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2004.07.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hwang, Danny
T1  - Review of research into the concept of the microblowing technique for turbulent skin friction reduction
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 40
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 559
EP  - 575
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: A new technology for reducing turbulent skin friction, called the Microblowing Technique (MBT), is presented. Results from proof-of-concept experiments show that this technology could potentially reduce turbulent skin friction by more than 50% of the skin friction of a solid flat plate for subsonic and supersonic flow conditions. The primary purpose of this review paper is to provide readers with information on the turbulent skin friction reduction obtained from many experiments using the MBT. Although the MBT has a penalty for obtaining the microblowing air associated with it, some combinations of the MBT with suction boundary layer control methods are an attractive alternative for a real application. Several computational simulations to understand the flow physics of the MBT are also included. More experiments and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) computations are needed for the understanding of the unsteady flow nature of the MBT and the optimization of this new technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17612532; Hwang, Danny 1; Email Address: danny.p.hwang@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Inlet Branch, Turbomachinery and Propulsion Systems Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 40 Issue 8, p559; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.01.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17612532&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeLaurentis, Dan
AU  - Callaway, Robert K.
T1  - A System-of-Systems Perspective for Public Policy Decisions.
JO  - Review of Policy Research
JF  - Review of Policy Research
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 829
EP  - 837
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 1541132X
AB  - Problems of increasing complexity are facing decision makers within government and industry, and the key characteristic of these problems is that they are of system-of-systems type. With multiple, heterogeneous, distributed systems involved (including policies and economies as well as technologies), effective analysis for decision-support quickly becomes unmanageable within the“stovepipe” context that still characterizes many organizations in the research and development community. There is not a process/field of study in place that can enable us to systematically solve these types of problems, exemplified by the Next Generation Transportation System. While indeed numerous tools are available to help, they cannot be used effectively because the people who build and understand the tools all speak different languages. Much confusion still remains about words and phrases for system-of-systems type problems, let alone the best modeling approaches for dealing with them. While pockets of organizational restructuring may address this challenge for particular projects, there is a lack of systematic thinking at the basic level about how to address the challenges. This paper recommends that intellectual, financial, and institutional resources be invested for the purpose of initiating and nurturing a field of study that will enable us to better address this important type of problem. The future of transportation serves as a motivating example of a multidomain, system-of-systems problem of critical importance to the nation and in need of effective decision-support. The analogy of creating better maps and“navigation aids” for decision makers will be employed, emphasizing that, when navigating a minefield, knowing where not to go is the key factor in successfully traversing the terrain (i.e., making wise decisions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Policy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLITICAL planning
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - TRANSPORTATION
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - LANGUAGE & languages
N1  - Accession Number: 14928184; DeLaurentis, Dan 1 Callaway, Robert K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Purdue University, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics  2: NASA Ames Research Center and Potomac Institute for Policy Studies; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 21 Issue 6, p829; Subject Term: POLITICAL planning; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: LANGUAGE & languages; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1541-1338.2004.00111.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
AU  - Miller, Robert A.
AU  - Ghosn, Louis J.
AU  - Kalluri, Sreeramesh
T1  - Effect of surface impulsive thermal loads on fatigue behavior of constant volume propulsion engine combustor materials
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 188-189
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 19
SN  - 02578972
AB  - The development of advanced high-performance constant-volume–combustion-cycle engines (CVCCE) requires robust design of the engine components that are capable of enduring harsh combustion environments under high-frequency thermal and mechanical fatigue conditions. In this study, a simulated engine test rig has been established to evaluate thermal fatigue behavior of a candidate engine combustor material, Haynes 188, under superimposed CO2 laser surface impulsive thermal loads (30–100 Hz) in conjunction with the mechanical fatigue loads (10 Hz). The mechanical high-cycle fatigue (HCF) testing of some laser preexposed specimens has also been conducted at 100 Hz to determine the laser surface damage effect. The test results have indicated that material surface oxidation- and creep-enhanced fatigue is an important mechanism for the surface crack initiation and propagation under the simulated CVCCE engine conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - Fatigue strength
KW  - Laser-impulsive high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue
KW  - Oxidation damage
KW  - Stress concentration
KW  - Surface crack initiation and propagation
N1  - Accession Number: 14973192; Zhu, Dongming; Email Address: Dongming.Zhu@grc.nasa.gov Fox, Dennis S. 1 Miller, Robert A. 1 Ghosn, Louis J. Kalluri, Sreeramesh; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Surface and Protective Coatings Branch (5160), 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 24-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 188-189, p13; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: STRESS concentration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser-impulsive high-cycle and low-cycle fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress concentration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface crack initiation and propagation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.07.101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Miller, Robert A.
T1  - Development and thermal fatigue testing of ceramic thermal barrier coatings
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 188-189
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 152
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) will play an increasingly important role in future gas turbine engines because of their ability to effectively protect the engine components and further raise engine temperatures. Durability of the coating systems remains a critical issue with the ever-increasing temperature requirements. Thermal conductivity increase and coating degradation due to sintering and phase changes are known to be detrimental to coating performance. There is a need to characterize the coating thermal fatigue behavior and temperature limit, in order to potentially take full advantage of the current coating capability. In this study, a laser thermal fatigue test technique has been used to study the delamination crack propagation of thermal barrier coatings under simulated engine heat flux heating and thermal cyclic loading. Thermal conductivity and cyclic fatigue behaviors of plasma-sprayed ZrO2–8 wt.% Y2O3 thermal barrier coatings were evaluated under high temperature, large thermal gradient and thermal cycling conditions. The coating degradation and failure processes were assessed by real-time monitoring of the coating thermal conductivity during the testing. The test results showed that the initial average crack propagation rates of ZrO2–8 wt.% Y2O3 coatings were in the range of 3–8 μm/cycle. The crack propagation rates increased to 30–40 μm/cycle at later stages of testing, and the critical spalling crack size ranged from 3 to 5 mm for the coatings. The accelerated crack growth is attributed to the increased driving force for crack propagation under the laser heat flux cyclic test conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC coating
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - METALS -- Thermal fatigue
KW  - Coating spallation
KW  - Crack propagation
KW  - High power laser
KW  - Life prediction
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
KW  - Thermal conductivity
KW  - Thermal fatigue
N1  - Accession Number: 14973211; Zhu, Dongming; Email Address: Dongming.Zhu@grc.nasa.gov Choi, Sung R. 1 Miller, Robert A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Surface and Protective Coatings Branch (5160), 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 24-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 188-189, p146; Subject Term: CERAMIC coating; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: METALS -- Thermal fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coating spallation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: High power laser; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal fatigue; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2004.08.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Miyoshi, Kazuhisa
AU  - Street Jr., Kenneth W.
T1  - Novel carbons in tribology
JO  - Tribology International
JF  - Tribology International
Y1  - 2004/11//
VL  - 37
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 865
EP  - 868
SN  - 0301679X
N1  - Accession Number: 14870841; Miyoshi, Kazuhisa; Email Address: kmiyoshi@nit.ac.jp Street Jr., Kenneth W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Glenn Research center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 37 Issue 11/12, p865; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.triboint.2004.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holstein, Gay R.
AU  - Rabbitt, Richard D.
AU  - Martinelli, Giorgio P.
AU  - Friedrich Jr., Victor L.
AU  - Boyle, Richard D.
AU  - Highstein, Stephen M.
T1  - Convergence of excitatory and inhibitory hair cell transmitters shapes vestibular afferent responses.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/11/02/
VL  - 101
IS  - 44
M3  - Article
SP  - 15766
EP  - 15771
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The vestibular semicircular canals respond to angular acceleration that is integrated to angular velocity by the biofluid mechanics of the canals and is the primary origin of afferent responses encoding velocity. Surprisingly, some afferents actually report angular acceleration. Our data indicate that hair-cell/afferent synapses introduce a mathematical derivative in these afferents that partially cancels the biomechanical integration and results in discharge rates encoding angular acceleration. We examined the role of convergent synaptic inputs from hair cells to this mathematical differentiation. A significant reduction in the order of the differentiation was observed for low-frequency stimuli after γ-aminobutyric acid type B receptor antagonist administration. Results demonstrate that γ-aminobutyric acid participates in shaping the temporal dynamics of afferent responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAIR cells
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - AMINOBUTYRIC acid
KW  - BUTYRIC acid
KW  - SYNAPSES
KW  - AMINO acids
N1  - Accession Number: 15240622; Holstein, Gay R. 1; Email Address: gay.holstein@mssm.edu Rabbitt, Richard D. 2,3 Martinelli, Giorgio P. 1 Friedrich Jr., Victor L. 4 Boyle, Richard D. 5 Highstein, Stephen M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029.  2: Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.  3: Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543.  4: Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029.  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  6: Department of Otolaryngology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.; Source Info: 11/2/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 44, p15766; Subject Term: HAIR cells; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: AMINOBUTYRIC acid; Subject Term: BUTYRIC acid; Subject Term: SYNAPSES; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0402824101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaddy
AU  - G. A.
AU  - Locke
AU  - E. P.
AU  - Miller
AU  - M. E.
AU  - Broughton
AU  - R.
AU  - Albrecht-Schmitt
AU  - T. E.
AU  - Mills
AU  - G.
T1  - Photoinduced, Controlled Generation of Palladium Crystallite Structures in Polyimide Films.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2004/11/08/
VL  - 108
IS  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 17378
EP  - 17383
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Structures of Pd crystallites with nanometer dimensions are formed on the surface of and inside polyimide films by a combination of photochemical and thermal processes. Photoinduced transformations of polyamic acid films containing Pd2+ complexes prior to thermal curing affect the subsequent thermal imidization of the polymer and reduction of the remaining palladium ions. The extent of photolysis controls the formation and characteristics of surface and subsurface metallic layers as well as the sizes of Pd particles generated within and below the interlayer region. Interference between waves reflected from the continuous embedded Pd layer and waves reflected from the continuous surface metal layer is the origin of the colors observed in photolyzed and cured films. Multicolored areas are a result of nanometer range variations of the interlayer distance. Optical properties typical of Fabry-Perot filters are observed when the thickness of the surface layer and internal metal layer are similar. The etalon-like films experience significant reversible dimensional changes upon exposure to white light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - SOLID state electronics
N1  - Accession Number: 16427094; Gaddy G. A. 1 Locke E. P. 1 Miller M. E. 1 Broughton R. 1 Albrecht-Schmitt T. E. 1 Mills G. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, and Departments of Biological Sciences, of Textile Engineering, and of Chemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 108 Issue 45, p17378; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Diaz, Al
T1  - The Future of NASA.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/11/12/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5699
M3  - Letter
SP  - 1133
EP  - 1133
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor about the future of National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 15178574; Diaz, Al 1; Affiliation:  1: Assistant Administrator for Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 300 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA.; Source Info: 11/12/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5699, p1133; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 264
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupnowski, P.
AU  - Gentz, M.
AU  - Sutter, J.K.
AU  - Kumosa, M.
T1  - Mechanical response of a woven graphite/polyimide composite to in-plane shear dominated loads at room and elevated temperatures
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2004/11/15/
VL  - 52
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5603
EP  - 5613
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: In this work, the effect of two types of in-plane shear dominated loads on the initiation of intralaminar damage has been evaluated in an 8-harness satin (8HS) T650-35/PMR-15 (graphite/polyimide) composite tested at room and elevated temperatures. The composite was subjected to either pure in-plane shear or combined biaxial tension and shear, which represented the stress conditions in the gage sections of the Iosipescu shear and ±45° tensile tests, respectively. The stress distributions in the composite were determined as a function of load and temperature by performing non-linear stress computations on the micro-, meso- and macro-levels. Both the concept of representative micro- and meso-unit-cells and the viscoelastic Eshelby/Mori–Tanaka approach were used in the analyses. The macro-response of the composite to the in-plane shear and biaxial loads was predicted at both temperatures and then validated by comparing it with the available experimental data. The micro-stress calculations have shown that on the micro-scale noticeably higher maximum principal stresses in the polyimide matrix in the vicinity of the graphite fibers were determined for the biaxial load case than in pure shear, both at room and high temperatures. It was shown that by using the numerical stress predictions, the experimentally observed differences can be explained in the initiation of tow micro-cracking in the woven composite subjected to the Iosipescu and ±45° tests at room and elevated temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - Elevated temperature
KW  - Failure prediction
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Shear response
KW  - Woven graphite/polyimide composites
N1  - Accession Number: 19302715; Rupnowski, P. 1 Gentz, M. 1 Sutter, J.K. 2 Kumosa, M. 1; Email Address: mkumosa@du.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering, Center for Advanced Materials and Structures, University of Denver, 2390 S. York St. Denver, CO 80208, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 52 Issue 19, p5603; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRESS concentration; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elevated temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear response; Author-Supplied Keyword: Woven graphite/polyimide composites; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.08.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeVore, E.
AU  - Oliver, C.
AU  - Wilmoth, K.
AU  - Vozzo, L.
T1  - Science Education in Partnership: The 2002 Australian–American Fulbright Symposium
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/11/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2116
EP  - 2120
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The Australian American Fulbright 2002 Symposium: Science Education in Partnership was held in parallel—in partnership—with the scientific meeting of the IAU 213 Bioastronomy 2002 Symposium: Life Among the Stars. In practice, the two meetings modeled partnership between educators and scientists, both professional events interacting while maintaining individual goals. Leading scientists attending the IAU meeting participated in the Fulbright with presentations based upon their work and their experiences. Educators and scientists interacted on how their work impacts science education and strategies for building direct connections between scientists and classrooms. Educators attending the Fulbright Symposium attended a number of scientific presentations in IAU meeting as well. A major issue in science education is teaching science in a way that is relevant to the student. Partnerships between scientists and teachers can provide real-life scientific research experience in the laboratory and the field for teachers and students. These partnerships enhance the quality of both teaching and learning, and engage students directly in projects and curricula that lead to a better understanding of the nature and practice of science. Scientists are often engaged in the development of new curricula as a part of the education and public outreach programs affiliated with research programs. Participants explored the similarities and differences between the approach to this endeavor in Australia and the US. Partnerships between all the professionals involved—scientists, teachers, and writers—creates an opportunity for innovative, cutting-edge research to reach the classroom. The excitement of seeking new knowledge, exploring the unknown, can motivate students to pursue science studies in high school and beyond at the university. Oral papers, posters and workshops presented the results of partnerships between scientists and educators in Australian and the USA as well as opportunities for future partnerships. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCIENCE
KW  - EDUCATION
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - AUSTRALIA
KW  - American and Australian science education
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Bioastronomy
KW  - Fulbright symposium
KW  - Science education
N1  - Accession Number: 15800428; DeVore, E. 1; Email Address: edevore@seti.org Oliver, C. 2 Wilmoth, K. 3 Vozzo, L. 4; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Dr., Mountain View, CA 95148, USA  2: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia  3: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 240-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: University of Western Sydney, School of Education and Early Childhood Studies, Penrith NSW, Australia; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 34 Issue 10, p2116; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Subject Term: EDUCATION; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: AUSTRALIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: American and Australian science education; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioastronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fulbright symposium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science education; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.066
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fochesatto, J.
AU  - Ristori, P.
AU  - Flamant, P.
AU  - Machado, M.E.
AU  - Singh, U.
AU  - Quel, E.
T1  - Backscatter LIDAR signal simulation applied to spacecraft LIDAR instrument design
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/11/15/
VL  - 34
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2227
EP  - 2231
SN  - 02731177
AB  - In the framework of the scientific cooperation between the CEILAP laboratory (Argentina) and IPSL Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (France), devoted to the development of LIDAR techniques for Atmospheric sciences, a new area of scientific research, involving LIDARs, is starting in Argentine space technology. This new research area is under consideration at CEILAP in a joint effort with CONAE, the Argentine space agency, responsible for the development of future space missions. The LIDAR technique is necessary to improve our knowledge of meteorological, dynamic, and radiative processes in the South American region, for the whole troposphere and the lower stratosphere. To study this future mission, a simple model for the prediction of backscatter LIDAR signal from a spacecraft platform has been used to determine dimensions and detection characteristics of the space borne LIDAR instrument. The backscatter signal was retrieved from a modeled atmosphere considering its molecular density profile and taking into account different aerosols and clouds conditions. Signal-to-noise consideration, within the interval of possible dimension of the instrument parameters, allows us to constrain the telescope receiving area and to derive maximum range achievable, integration time and the final spatial and temporal resolutions of backscatter profiles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - LIDAR simulation
KW  - Space LIDAR
N1  - Accession Number: 15800448; Fochesatto, J. 1 Ristori, P. 1 Flamant, P. 2 Machado, M.E. 3 Singh, U. 4 Quel, E. 1; Email Address: quel@citefa.gov.ar; Affiliation:  1: CEILAP(CITEFA – CONICET) San Juan B. De La Salle 4397, (B1603ALO) Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Argentina  2: IPSL, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, LMD Ecole Polytechnique, (91128) Palaiseau, France  3: CONAE, Comision National de Actividades Espaciales, Av. Paseo Colon 751, (1063) Buenos Aires, Argentina  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 34 Issue 10, p2227; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: LIDAR simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space LIDAR; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.07.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Zhang, Zhibo
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Huang, Hung-Lung
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - A new look at anomalous diffraction theory (ADT): Algorithm in cumulative projected-area distribution domain and modified ADT
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2004/11/15/
VL  - 89
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 442
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Two recent papers (Opt. Lett. 28 (2003) 179; Appl. Opt. 42 (2003) 6710) show that the conventional anomalous diffraction theory (ADT) can be reformulated by using the probability distribution function of the geometrical paths of rays inside a scattering particle. In this study we further enhance the new ADT formulation by introducing a dimensionless scaled projectile-length defined in the domain of the cumulative projected-area distribution (q) of a particle. The quantity contains essentially all the information about particle shape and aspect ratio, which, however, is independent of particle dimension (e.g., large and small spheres have the same ). With this feature of , the present ADT algorithm is computationally efficient if a number of particle sizes and wavelengths are considered, particularly when a random orientation condition is assumed. Furthermore, according to the fundamental ADT assumption regarding the internal field within a scattering particle, we modify ADT on the basis of two rigorous relationships that relate the extinction and absorption cross sections to the internal field. Two tuning factors are introduced in the modified ADT solution, which can be determined for spheres by fitting the modified ADT results to the corresponding Lorenz-Mie solutions. For nonspherical particles, the tuning factors obtained for spheres can be used as surrogates. This approach is tested for the case of circular cylinders whose optical properties can be accurately calculated from the T-matrix method. Numerical computations show that the modified ADT solution is more accurate than its conventional ADT counterpart. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Anomalous diffraction theory
KW  - Extinction and absorption
N1  - Accession Number: 19153659; Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Zhang, Zhibo 1 Baum, Bryan A. 2 Huang, Hung-Lung 3 Hu, Yongxiang 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, TAMU 3150, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 89 Issue 1-4, p421; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: LIGHT; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anomalous diffraction theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction and absorption; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, D. D.
AU  - Tobin, D. C.
AU  - Clough, S. A.
AU  - Brown, P. D.
AU  - Ellingson, R. G.
AU  - Mlawer, E. J.
AU  - Knuteson, R. O.
AU  - Revercomb, H. E.
AU  - Shippert, T. R.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Shephard, M. W.
T1  - The QME AERI LBLRTM: A Closure Experiment for Downwelling High Spectral Resolution Infrared Radiance.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2004/11/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 2657
EP  - 2675
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Research funded by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program has led to significant improvements in longwave radiative transfer modeling over the last decade. These improvements, which have generally come in small incremental changes, were made primarily in the water vapor self- and foreign-broadened continuum and the water vapor absorption line parameters. These changes, when taken as a whole, result in up to a 6 W m-2 improvement in the modeled clear-sky downwelling longwave radiative flux at the surface and significantly better agreement with spectral observations. This paper provides an overview of the history of ARM with regard to clear-sky longwave radiative transfer, and analyzes remaining related uncertainties in the ARM state-of-the-art Line-by-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM). A quality measurement experiment (QME) for the downwelling infrared radiance at the ARM Southern Great Plains site has been ongoing since 1994. This experiment has three objectives: 1) to validate and improve the absorption models and spectral line parameters used in line-by-line radiative transfer models, 2) to assess the ability to define the atmospheric state, and 3) to assess the quality of the radiance observations that serve as ground truth for the model. Analysis of data from 1994 to 1997 made significant contributions to optimizing the QME, but is limited by small but significant uncertainties and deficiencies in the atmospheric state and radiance observations. This paper concentrates on the analysis of QME data from 1998 to 2001, wherein the data have been carefully selected to address the uncertainties in the 1994–97 dataset. Analysis of this newer dataset suggests that the representation of self-broadened water vapor continuum absorption is 3%–8% too strong in the 750–1000 cm-1 region. The dataset also provides information on the accuracy of the self- and foreign-broadened continuum absorption in the 1100–1300 cm-1 region. After accounting for these changes, remaining differences in modeled and observed downwelling clear-sky fluxes are less than 1.5 W m-2 over a wide range of atmospheric states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Energy
N1  - Accession Number: 15206351; Turner, D. D. 1; Email Address: dave.turner@pnl.gov Tobin, D. C. 2 Clough, S. A. 3 Brown, P. D. 3 Ellingson, R. G. 4 Mlawer, E. J. 3 Knuteson, R. O. 2 Revercomb, H. E. 2 Shippert, T. R. 1 Smith, W. L. 5 Shephard, M. W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  2: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  3: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts  4: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: 11/15/2004, Vol. 61 Issue 22, p2657; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gatski, T.B.
T1  - Constitutive equations for turbulent flows.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2004/11/15/
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 345
EP  - 369
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - This review is intended to provide both the specialist and non-specialist in the field of turbulence with a continuum mechanics perspective on developing closure models needed in the description of turbulent flows. Modeling considerations applicable to isothermal, incompressible turbulent flows are discussed within the framework of Reynolds-averaged transport equations for the statistical moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - CONTINUUM damage mechanics
KW  - constitutive equation
KW  - incompressible flows
KW  - RANS modeling
KW  - turbulence modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 15108213; Gatski, T.B. 1; Email Address: t.b.gatski@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Nov2004, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p345; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: constitutive equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: incompressible flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: RANS modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence modeling; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-004-0119-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huyser, Karen A.
AU  - Knuth, Kevin H.
AU  - Fischer, Bernd
AU  - Schumann, Johann
AU  - Granquist-Fraser, Domhnull
AU  - Hajian, Arsen R.
T1  - Discovering Planetary Nebula Geometries: Explorations with a Hierarchy of Models.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/11/16/
VL  - 735
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 142
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Astronomical objects known as planetary nebulae (PNe) consist of a shell of gas expelled by an aging star. In cases where the gas shell can be assumed to be ellipsoidal, the PN can be easily modeled in three spatial dimensions. We utilize a model that joins the physics of PNe to this geometry and generates simulated nebular images. Hubble Space Telescope images of actual PNe provide data with which the model images may be compared. We employ Bayesian model estimation and search the parameter space for values that generate a match between observed and model images. The forward model is characterized by thirteen parameters; consequently model estimation requires the search of a 13-dimensional parameter space. The ‘curse of dimensionality,’ compounded by a computationally intense forward problem, makes forward searches extremely time-consuming and frequently causes them to become trapped in a local solution. We find that both the speed and quality of the search can be improved by reducing the dimensionality of the search space. Our basic approach utilizes a hierarchy of models of increasing complexity. Earlier studies establish that a hierarchical sequence converges more quickly, and to a better solution, than a search relying only on the most complex model. Here we report results for a hierarchy of five models. The first three models treat the nebula as a 2D image, estimating its position, angular size, orientation and rim thickness. The last two models explore its characteristics as a 3D object and enable us to characterize the physics of the nebula. This live-model hierarchy is applied to real ellipsoidal PNe to estimate their geometric properties and gas density profiles. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - STARS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
N1  - Accession Number: 15143001; Huyser, Karen A. 1,2 Knuth, Kevin H. 2 Fischer, Bernd 2,3 Schumann, Johann 2,3 Granquist-Fraser, Domhnull 2,4 Hajian, Arsen R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Stanford Univ. EE Dept, Stanford, CA 94305, Education Assoc's Program, NASA Ames  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA  3: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science  4: QSS Group  5: US Naval Observatory, Washington DC 20016; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 735 Issue 1, p135; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1835207
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jalobeanu, André
T1  - Bayesian Vision for Shape Recovery.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/11/16/
VL  - 735
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 152
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present a new Bayesian vision technique that aims at recovering a shape from two or more noisy observations taken under similar lighting conditions. The shape is parametrized by a piecewise linear height field, textured by a piecewise linear irradiance field, and we assume Gaussian Markovian priors for both shape vertices and irradiance variables. The modeled observation process, equivalent to rendering, is modeled by a non-affine projection (e.g. perspective projection) followed by a convolution with a piecewise linear point spread function, and contamination by additive Gaussian noise. We assume that the observation parameters are calibrated beforehand. The major novelty of the proposed method consists of marginalizing out the irradiances considered as nuisance parameters, which is achieved by a hierarchy of approximations. This reduces the inference to minimizing an energy that only depends on the shape vertices, and therefore allows an efficient Iterated Conditional Mode (ICM) optimization scheme to be implemented. A Gaussian approximation of the posterior shape density is computed, thus providing estimates of both the geometry and its uncertainty. We illustrate the effectiveness of the new method by shape reconstruction results in a 2D case. A 3D version is currently under development and aims at recovering a surface from multiple images, reconstructing the topography by marginalizing out both albedo and shading. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
N1  - Accession Number: 15143000; Jalobeanu, André 1; Email Address: ajalobea@riacs.edu; Affiliation:  1: USRA / RIACS, Bayesian Vision Group (P. Cheeseman), NASA Ames Research Center MS 269-4, Moffett Field CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 735 Issue 1, p143; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1835208
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuehnel, Frank O.
T1  - Robust Bayesian estimation of nonlinear parameters on SE(3) Lie group.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/11/16/
VL  - 735
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 176
EP  - 186
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The basic challenge in autonomous robotic exploration is to safely interact with natural environments. An essential part of that challenge is 3D map building. In robotics research this problem is addressed as simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). In computer vision it is termed structure from motion (SFM). The common underlying problem is the accurate estimation of the camera pose. Uncertainty information about the pose estimates is essential for a recursive inference scheme. We show that the pose parametrization plays an important role for the finite parametric representation. In the case of sparse observations (weak evidence) the full exponential Lie Cartan coordinates of 1.st kind are most suitable, when assuming a Gaussian noise model on the measurements. Further, we address the pose estimation from a sequence of images and introduce the marginalized MAP estimator, which is numerically more stable and efficient than the joint estimate (bundle-adjustment) used in computer vision. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - PATTERN recognition systems
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
N1  - Accession Number: 15142996; Kuehnel, Frank O. 1; Affiliation:  1: USRA/RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 735 Issue 1, p176; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: PATTERN recognition systems; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1835212
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schumann, Johann
AU  - Gupta, Pramod
T1  - Monitoring the Performance of a neuro-adaptive Controller.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/11/16/
VL  - 735
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 289
EP  - 296
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present a tool to estimate the performance of the neural network in a neural network based adaptive controller. Using a Bayesian approach, this tool supports verification and validation of the adaptive controller as well as on-line monitoring. In this paper, we discuss our approach and present simulation results using the adaptive controller developed for NASA’s IFCS (Intelligent Flight Control System) project. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
N1  - Accession Number: 15142983; Schumann, Johann 1 Gupta, Pramod 2; Affiliation:  1: RIACS/NASA Ames Research Center  2: QSS/NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 735 Issue 1, p289; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1835225
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hansen, James
AU  - Sato, Makiko
T1  - Guiding neuronal development with in situ microfabrication.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/11/16/
VL  - 101
IS  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 16104
EP  - 16108
SN  - 00278424
AB  - We report the ability to modify microscopic 3D topographies within dissociated cultures, providing a means to alter the development of neurons as they extend neurites and establish interconnections. In this approach, multiphoton excitation is used to focally excite noncytotoxic photosensitizers that promote protein crosslinking, such as BSA, into matrices having feature sizes ≤ 250 nm. Barriers, growth lanes, and pinning structures comprised of crosslinked proteins are fabricated under conditions that do not compromise the viability of neurons both on short time scales and over periods of days. In addition, the ability to fabricate functional microstructures from crosslinked avidin enables submicrometer localization of controllable quantities of biotinylated ligands, such as indicators and biological effectors. Feasibility is demonstrated for using in situ microfabrication to guide the contact position of cortical neurons with micrometer accuracy, opening the possibility for engineering well defined sets of synaptic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NERVOUS system
KW  - NEURONS
KW  - PHOTOSENSITIZERS
KW  - CROSSLINKING (Polymerization)
KW  - COMPROMISE (Ethics)
KW  - STEREOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 15555820; Hansen, James 1; Email Address: jhansen@giss.nasa.gov Sato, Makiko 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025.; Source Info: 11/16/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 46, p16104; Subject Term: NERVOUS system; Subject Term: NEURONS; Subject Term: PHOTOSENSITIZERS; Subject Term: CROSSLINKING (Polymerization); Subject Term: COMPROMISE (Ethics); Subject Term: STEREOLOGY; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hansen, James
AU  - Sato, Makiko
T1  - Greenhouse gas growth rates.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/11/16/
VL  - 101
IS  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 16109
EP  - 16114
SN  - 00278424
AB  - We posit that feasible reversal of the growth of atmospheric CH4 and other trace gases would provide a vital contribution toward averting dangerous anthropogenic interference with global climate. Such trace gas reductions may allow stabilization of atmospheric CO2 at an achievable level of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, even if the added global warming constituting dangerous anthropogenic interference is as small as 1°C. A 1°C limit on global warming, with canonical climate sensitivity, requires peak CO2 &ap; 440 ppm if further non-CO2 forcing is +0.5 W/m², but peak CO2 &ap; 520 ppm if further non-CO2 forcing is -0.5 W/m². The practical result is that a decline of non-CO2 forcings allows climate forcing to be stabilized with a significantly higher transient level of CO2 emissions. Increased "natural" emissions of CO2, N2O, and CH4 are expected in response to global warming. These emissions, an indirect effect of all climate forcings, are small compared with human-made climate forcing and occur on a time scale of a few centuries, but they tend to aggravate the task of stabilizing atmospheric composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - GASES
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - carbon dioxide
KW  - climate change
KW  - fossil fuels
KW  - methane
N1  - Accession Number: 15555821; Hansen, James 1; Email Address: jhansen@giss.nasa.gov Sato, Makiko 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025; Source Info: 11/16/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 46, p16109; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: fossil fuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: methane; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - Rainey, Fred A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Response.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/11/19/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5700
M3  - Article
SP  - 1289
EP  - 1290
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article presents a report on low levels of culturable organisms and no recoverable DNA in the surface soils of the extreme arid core of the Atacama Desert, which is near the abandoned town of Yungay. This upper limit is orders of magnitude less than the concentrations of bacteria found in soils south of this Mars-like region of the Atacama. In more recent published work, the researchers have reported that below the surface, there are discrete layers with higher numbers of culturable bacteria. The researchers could not claim that there was no life in these soils on the basis of their results, and therefore they presented their data as indicating an upper limit of 100 culturable heterotrophic bacteria per gram of soil.
KW  - SOILS
KW  - AGRICULTURAL resources
KW  - DNA
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
N1  - Accession Number: 15211850; Navarro-González, Rafael 1; Email Address: navarro@nuclecu.unam.mx. Rainey, Fred A. 2; Email Address: frainey@lsu.edu. McKay, Christopher P. 3; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Quimica de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria. Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico.  2: Department of Biological Sciences, 202 Life Sciences Building, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.  3: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 11/19/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5700, p1289; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL resources; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 354
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Estep, L.
AU  - Terrie, G.
AU  - Davis, B.
T1  - Technical Note: Crop stress detection using AVIRIS hyperspectral imagery and artificial neural networks.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/11/20/
VL  - 25
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 4999
EP  - 5004
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The objectives of this study were to compare the results of artificial neural network (ANN) and standard vegetation algorithm processing to distinguish nutrient stress from in-field controls, and determine whether nutrient stress might be distinguished from water stress in the same test field. The test site was the US Department of Agriculture's Variable Rate Application (VRAT) site, Shelton, Nebraska. The VRAT field was planted in corn with test plots that were differentially treated with nitrogen (N). The field contained four replicates, each with N treatments ranging from 0 kg ha -1 to 200 kg ha -1 in 50 kg ha -1 increments. Low-altitude (3 m pixel) Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) hyperspectral imagery (224 bands) was collected over the site. Ground data were collected to support image interpretation. An ANN was applied to the AVIRIS image data for detection of crop and water stress. Known vegetation indices were used as a baseline for comparison against ANN-based stress detection. The resulting comparison found that ANN methods provided a heightened capability to separate stressed crops from in-field, non-stressed controls and was sensitive to differences in nutrient- and water-stressed field regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VEGETATION management
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DETECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 15276045; Estep, L. 1; Email Address: lestep@cox.net Terrie, G. 2 Davis, B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Technology Services Group, Edison, New Jersey 08837- 3679, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations—Stennis Programs, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA; Source Info: 11/20/2004, Vol. 25 Issue 22, p4999; Subject Term: VEGETATION management; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DETECTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160412331291242
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15276045&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murray, Christopher S.
AU  - Crowley, Christopher J.
AU  - Murray, Susan
AU  - Elkouh, Nabil A.
AU  - Hill, Roger W.
AU  - Chubb, Donald E.
T1  - Thermophotovoltaic Converter Design for Radioisotope Power Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/11/30/
VL  - 738
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 132
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The development of lightweight, efficient power for emerging NASA missions and recent advances in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) conversion technology have renewed interest in the possibility of combining radioisotope heat sources with photovoltaic energy conversion. Thermophotovoltaic power conversion uses advanced materials able to utilize a broader, spectrally tuned range of wavelengths. Spectral control, including the combination of emitter, TPV module, and filter, is key to high-efficiency operation. This paper summarizes the performance characteristics of monolithic integrated module (MIM) PV cells and arrays, tandem filters, and tungsten emitters fabricated for the present studies. The current, voltage, quantum efficiency, and diode efficiency of multi-junction 0.60 eV bandgap devices are presented for individual PV cells and strings of several cells. This paper discusses the design considerations for mechanical layout of PV cell arrays and integration with filters. The vacuum facility to be used to test these PV cell arrays is also described. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
KW  - NUCLEAR batteries
KW  - ELECTRIC filters
KW  - LOGIC circuits
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
N1  - Accession Number: 15374420; Murray, Christopher S. 1; Email Address: cmurray@sandia.gov Crowley, Christopher J. 2 Murray, Susan 1 Elkouh, Nabil A. 2 Hill, Roger W. 2 Chubb, Donald E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Emcore Corporation, 10420 Research Road SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123  2: Creare Inc., P.O. Box 71, Hanover, NH 03755  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 738 Issue 1, p123; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems; Subject Term: NUCLEAR batteries; Subject Term: ELECTRIC filters; Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1841887
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wehrer, R. J.
AU  - Wanlass, M. W.
AU  - Taylor, D.
AU  - Wernsman, B.
AU  - Carapella, J. J.
AU  - Schultz, R. W.
AU  - Ahrenkiel, S. P.
AU  - Wilt, D. M.
AU  - Dashiell, M. W.
AU  - Siergiej, R. R.
AU  - Link, S. D.
AU  - Messham, R. L.
T1  - 0.52 eV InGaAs/InPAs Thermophotovoltaic Cells.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/11/30/
VL  - 738
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 452
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - 0.52 eV InGaAs/InPAs Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices have been grown, fabricated, and characterized. High performance of this material system at this bandgap has been demonstrated for the first time. 57 μA/cm2 reverse saturation current density was measured along with 95% internal quantum efficiency. Due to the buffering design used, no dislocations were detected in the active region of the device by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, suggesting defect densities < 107 cm-3 in this highly lattice mismatched (1.6%) material. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - QUANTUM electrodynamics
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - DOPED semiconductor superlattices
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 15374388; Wehrer, R. J. 1 Wanlass, M. W. 2 Taylor, D. 3 Wernsman, B. 1 Carapella, J. J. 2 Schultz, R. W. 1 Ahrenkiel, S. P. 2 Wilt, D. M. 4 Dashiell, M. W. 5 Siergiej, R. R. 1 Link, S. D. 1 Messham, R. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Bechtel Bettis, Inc., West Mifflin, PA 15122  2: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401  3: Bandwidth Semiconductor, LLC, Hudson, NH 03051  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  5: Lockheed Martin, Inc., Schenectady, NY 12301; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 738 Issue 1, p445; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: QUANTUM electrodynamics; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: DOPED semiconductor superlattices; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1841923
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilt, David M.
AU  - Wehrer, Rebecca J.
AU  - Maurer, William F.
AU  - Jenkins, Phillip P.
AU  - Wernsman, Bernard
AU  - Schultz, Robert W.
T1  - Buffer Layer Effects on Tandem InGaAs TPV Devices.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2004/11/30/
VL  - 738
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 453
EP  - 461
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Tandem thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells have the potential to demonstrate efficiencies exceeding those of single junction devices. Fabricating TPV tandem devices utilizing indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) for all of the component cells in a two cell tandem necessitates the inclusion of an optically transparent buffer structure in-between the high bandgap device (In0.53Ga0.47As - 0.74eV) and the low bandgap device (In0.66Ga0.34As - 0.63eV) to accommodate the ∼1% lattice strain generated due to the change in InGaAs composition. The impact of the buffer structure on the underlying lattice-matched InGaAs device has been examined by producing 0.74eV InGaAs devices both with and without buffer layers grown on top of them. All structures were characterized by reciprocal space x-ray diffraction to determine epilayer composition and residual strain. Electrical characterization of the devices was performed to examine the effect of the buffer on the device performance. The electrical impact of the buffer structure depends upon where it is positioned. When near the emitter region, a 260% increase in dark current was measured, whereas no change in dark current was observed when it was near the base region. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - QUANTUM electrodynamics
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - PHOTOCONDUCTIVE cells
N1  - Accession Number: 15374390; Wilt, David M. 1 Wehrer, Rebecca J. 2 Maurer, William F. 3 Jenkins, Phillip P. 4 Wernsman, Bernard 2 Schultz, Robert W. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland Ohio  2: Bechtel Bettis Inc., West Mifflin Pennsylvania  3: Akima Corp., Cleveland Ohio  4: OAI, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: 2004, Vol. 738 Issue 1, p453; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: QUANTUM electrodynamics; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: PHOTOCONDUCTIVE cells; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1841924
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whittle, Jon
AU  - Schumann, Johann
T1  - Automating the Implementation of Kalman Filter Algorithms.
JO  - ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
JF  - ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 453
SN  - 00983500
AB  - AUTOFILTER is a tool that generates implementations that solve state estimation problems using Kalman filters. From a high-level, mathematics-based description of a state estimation problem. AUTOFILTER automatically generates code that computes a statistically optimal estimate using one or more of a number of well-known variants of the Kalman filter algorithm. The problem description may be given in terms of continuous or discrete, linear or nonlinear process and measurement dynamics. From this description, AUTOFILTER automates many common solution methods (e.g., linearization, discretization) and generates C or Matlab code fully automatically. AUTOFILTER surpasses toolkit-based programming approaches for Kalman filters because it requires no low-level programming skills (e.g., to "glue" together library function calls). AUTOFILTER raises the level of discourse to the mathematics of the problem at hand rather than the details of what algorithms, data structures, optimizations and so on are required to implement it. An overview of AUTOFILTER is given along with an example of its practical application to deep space attitude estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ARITHMETIC -- Foundations
KW  - ALGEBRA
N1  - Accession Number: 16014679; Whittle, Jon 1; Email Address: jonathw@email.arc.nasa.gov Schumann, Johann 2; Email Address: schumann@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group/NASA Ames Research Center.  2: RIACS/NASA Ames Research Center.; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p434; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ARITHMETIC -- Foundations; Subject Term: ALGEBRA; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Interstellar flight by particle beam
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 55
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 931
EP  - 934
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Two difficulties with the use of laser-propelled lightsails for interstellar propulsion are the extremely low energy efficiency, and the extremely large lenses required. The energy efficiency can be greatly increased and the required lens size may be greatly decreased by use of a particle beam, rather than a light beam. The particle beam is reflected by a magnetic field on the spacecraft, for example, by a magnetic sail or a mini-magnetosphere inflated by a plasma current. This results in a net force on the sail with no expenditure of propellant, allowing missions of extremely high delta-V, such as an interstellar probe, to be accomplished. Compared to other beam-pushed propulsion systems, the particle-beam pushed sail has the advantages of light weight, high target area, high thermally limited acceleration, high momentum to energy ratio, high beam energy efficiency, and low beam divergence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
KW  - NUCLEAR powered space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 14311709; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.a.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, mailstop 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 55 Issue 11, p931; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: ACCELERATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR powered space vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.04.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek
AU  - Allen, Carl
AU  - Britt, Dan
AU  - Brownlee, Don
AU  - Franzen, Melissa
AU  - Gefert, Leon
AU  - Gorovan, Stephen
AU  - Pieters, Carle
AU  - Preble, Jeffrey
AU  - Scheeres, Dan
AU  - Scott, Ed
T1  - The Hera mission: multiple near-earth asteroid sample return
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2270
EP  - 2275
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The NEAR mission was a spectacular rehearsal for one of the most exciting and scientifically rewarding missions of the next decade, sample return from near-Earth asteroids. A unique source of information about the early solar system, the formation of the planets, and the connection between stars and our Sun, are meteorites and asteroids. Yet, studies of both are hindered by a lack of unequivocal and detailed information linking the two. Meteorites are rock samples of unknown provenance. We have no information about the geological context of their source. They are also highly non-representative sampling of primitive solar system material because the terrestrial meteorite population is dominated by the ejecta of stochastic impacts and because the atmosphere filters out all but the toughest rocks. Without sample return, asteroids are not amenable to the depth and breadth of techniques available in the laboratory, yet the NEAR images indicate that there are many processes occurring on asteroids – or that could have occurred in the past – that we must understand if the meteorite data are ever to yield a clear image of early solar system processes. Technical developments of the last few years and the discovery of large numbers of NEAs mean that sample return is now within small mission capability. A team of about 20 scientists and engineers from all relevant subject fields are now assembling a mission called Hera. This paper reviews the mission as of fall 2002. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - IMPACT of asteroids with Earth
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - METEORS
KW  - Multiple asteroid sample return
KW  - Near-earth asteroids
KW  - The Hera mission
N1  - Accession Number: 15800459; Sears, Derek 1; Email Address: dsears@uark.edu Allen, Carl 2 Britt, Dan 3 Brownlee, Don 4 Franzen, Melissa 1 Gefert, Leon 5 Gorovan, Stephen 6 Pieters, Carle 7 Preble, Jeffrey 8 Scheeres, Dan 9 Scott, Ed 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arkansas-Oklahoma Center for Space and Planetary Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, TN2, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  6: Honeybee Robotics, Inc., New York, NY 10012, USA  7: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  8: SpaceWorks, Inc., 7301 E. Sundance Trail, Carefree, AZ 85377, USA  9: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  10: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Institute of Planetary Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI 96822, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 34 Issue 11, p2270; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: IMPACT of asteroids with Earth; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: METEORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple asteroid sample return; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-earth asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: The Hera mission; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.05.059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gershman, R.
AU  - Adams, M.
AU  - Mattingly, R.
AU  - Rohatgi, N.
AU  - Corliss, J.
AU  - Dillman, R.
AU  - Fragola, J.
AU  - Minarick, J.
T1  - Planetary protection for Mars sample return
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2328
EP  - 2337
SN  - 02731177
AB  - A Mars sample return (MSR) mission must deal with two new categories of planetary protection requirements: (1) assuring a very low probability of inadvertent release of the sample in order to provide extra protection against the extremely unlikely possibility of biological hazards in the returned material and (2) keeping the samples free of round-trip Earth organisms to facilitate confirmation of safety after return to Earth. This paper describes the planetary-protection-related technical challenges awaiting an MSR mission as well as the range of capabilities being developed to meet these challenges. Containment assurance requires breaking the chain of contact with Mars: the exterior of the sample container must not be contaminated with Mars material. The sample container and its seals must be designed to survive Earth impacts corresponding to the candidate mission profiles, and the Earth entry vehicle must be designed to withstand the thermal and structural rigors of Earth atmosphere entry (all with an unprecedented degree of confidence). Sample contamination must be avoided by sterilizing the entire spacecraft, a challenge with modern avionics, or by sterilizing the sample collection and containment gear and then isolating it from other parts of the spacecraft. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Mars sample return
KW  - Planetary protection
KW  - Sample contamination avoidance
N1  - Accession Number: 15800470; Gershman, R. 1; Email Address: robert.gershman@jpl.nasa.gov Adams, M. 1 Mattingly, R. 1 Rohatgi, N. 1 Corliss, J. 2 Dillman, R. 2 Fragola, J. 3 Minarick, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: SAIC, 265 Sunrise Highway, Rockville Centre, NY 11570, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 34 Issue 11, p2328; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars sample return; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sample contamination avoidance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2003.09.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoon, Seokkwan
T1  - Calculation of Supersonic Combustion Using Implicit Schemes.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2482
EP  - 2489
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Scramjet is an essential mode of operation for airbreathing rocket propulsion systems. Both fully and loosely coupled iterative methods, in conjunction with Gauss-Seidel relaxation, have been compared for supersonic combustion calculations. The effect of the Jacobian of source terms on stability and convergence has been investigated. Convergence rates have been compared for loosely and fully coupled implicit schemes. Results include the effects of chemical reaction and Mach numbers on convergence. Robustness of the numerical method has been demonstrated for a test case with staged fuel injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SCRAMJET engines
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Rocket engines
KW  - MACH number
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 15602187; Yoon, Seokkwan 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2482; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SCRAMJET engines; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Rocket engines; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 18 Color Photographs, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Moujin
AU  - Yu, S.-T. John
AU  - Lin, Shan-Chuen
AU  - Chang, Sin-Chung
AU  - Isaiah3Blankson
T1  - Solving Magnetohydrodynamic Equations Without Special Treatment for Divergence-Free Magnetic Field.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2605
EP  - 2608
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Examines the use of the space-time conservation element and solution element in computational magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). Solutions to rotated shock-tube and vortex problems; Numerical accuracy of the method; MHD equations.
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SPACE & time
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - EQUATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 15602201; Zhang, Moujin 1; Email Address: zhang.493@osu.edu Yu, S.-T. John 1; Email Address: yu.274@osu.edu Lin, Shan-Chuen 2; Email Address: ad5516@wayne.edu Chang, Sin-Chung 3; Email Address: sin-chung.chang@lerc.nasa.gov Isaiah3Blankson 3; Email Address: isaiah.blanckson@lerc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43202  2: Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2605; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SPACE & time; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katzman, S. M.
AU  - Messerli, M. A.
AU  - Barry, D. T.
AU  - Grossman, A.
AU  - Harel, T.
AU  - Wikstrom, J. D.
AU  - Corkey, B. E.
AU  - Smith, P. J. S.
AU  - Shirihai, O. S.
T1  - Mitochondrial metabolism reveals a functional architecture in intact islets of Langerhans from normal and diabetic Psammomys obesus.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology & Metabolism
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology & Metabolism
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - E1090
EP  - E1099
SN  - 01931849
AB  - The cells within the intact islet of Langerhans function as a metabolic syncytium, secreting insulin in a coordinated and oscillatory manner in response to external fuel. With increased glucose, the oscillatory amplitude is enhanced, leading to the hypothesis that cells within the islet are secreting with greater synchronization. Consequently, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM; type 2 diabetes)-induced irregularities in insulin secretion oscillations may be attributed to decreased intercellular coordination. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether the degree of metabolic coordination within the intact islet was enhanced by increased glucose and compromised by NIDDM. Experiments were performed with isolated islets from normal and diabetic Psammomys obesus. Using confocal microscopy and the mitochondrial potentiometric dye rhodamine 123, we measured mitochondrial membrane potential oscillations in individual cells within intact islets. When mitochondrial membrane potential was averaged from all the cells in a single islet, the resultant waveform demonstrated clear sinusoidal oscillations. Cells within islets were heterogeneous in terms of cellular synchronicity (similarity in phase and period), sinusoidal regularity, and frequency of oscillation. Cells within normal islets oscillated with greater synchronicity compared with cells within diabetic islets. The range of oscillatory frequencies was unchanged by glucose or diabetes. Cells within diabetic (but not normal) islets increased oscillatory regularity in response to glucose. These data support the hypothesis that glucose enhances metabolic coupling in normal islets and that the dampening of oscillatory insulin secretion in NIDDM may result from disrupted metabolic coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology & Metabolism is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ISLANDS of Langerhans
KW  - NON-insulin-dependent diabetes
KW  - MITOCHONDRIA
KW  - METABOLISM
KW  - MITOCHONDRIAL membranes
KW  - DIABETES
KW  - GLUCOSE
KW  - diabetes
KW  - metabolic oscillations
KW  - mitochondrial membrane potential
KW  - rhodamine 123
N1  - Accession Number: 15284195; Katzman, S. M. 1,2 Messerli, M. A. 2 Barry, D. T. 3 Grossman, A. 4 Harel, T. 4 Wikstrom, J. D. 1,2 Corkey, B. E. 5 Smith, P. J. S. 2 Shirihai, O. S. 1,2; Email Address: orian.shirihai@tufts.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston 02111  2: BioCurrents Research Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, District of Columbia 20546  4: lmpulse Dynamics, Tirat Hacarmel, 39120 Israel  5: Obesity Research Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 50 Issue 6, pE1090; Subject Term: ISLANDS of Langerhans; Subject Term: NON-insulin-dependent diabetes; Subject Term: MITOCHONDRIA; Subject Term: METABOLISM; Subject Term: MITOCHONDRIAL membranes; Subject Term: DIABETES; Subject Term: GLUCOSE; Author-Supplied Keyword: diabetes; Author-Supplied Keyword: metabolic oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: mitochondrial membrane potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: rhodamine 123; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajpendo.00044.2004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rages, K.A.
AU  - Hammel, H.B.
AU  - Friedson, A.J.
T1  - Evidence for temporal change at Uranus' south pole
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 172
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 548
EP  - 554
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Analysis of Hubble Space Telescope images of Uranus taken between 1994 and 2002 shows evidence for temporal changes in zonal brightness patterns in the south polar region. Between 1994 and 2002, a relatively bright ring developed near 70° S. The pole itself, which was the brightest area of the southern hemisphere in 1994, has become relatively dark. The polar collar at 45° S has also become brighter relative to the rest of the southern polar region. Comparison of images through different filters suggests that the change is occurring at pressures of 2–4 bars in the atmosphere. A change at this depth is consistent with radio measurements which indicate seasonal variability in Uranus'' deep atmosphere. Disk-integrated photometry at visible wavelengths also exhibits variability on seasonal (∼ decades) timescales. The observed changes are not predicted by existing dynamical models of Uranus'' atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Brightness
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - URANUS (Planet)
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - <ce:text>atmosphere</ce:text> (xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:text>Uranus</ce:text>)
KW  - <ce:text>dynamics</ce:text> (xmlns:ce=http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd><ce:text>Atmospheres</ce:text>)
KW  - atmosphereUranus
KW  - dynamicsAtmospheres
KW  - Uranus
N1  - Accession Number: 15586125; Rages, K.A. 1,2; Email Address: krages@mail.arc.nasa.gov Hammel, H.B. 3 Friedson, A.J. 4; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Mail Stop 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Space Science Institute, 3100 Marine Street, Suite A353, Boulder, CO 80303-1058, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 172 Issue 2, p548; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Brightness; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: URANUS (Planet); Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: <ce:text>atmosphere</ce:text> (xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:text>Uranus</ce:text>); Author-Supplied Keyword: <ce:text>dynamics</ce:text> (xmlns:ce=http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd><ce:text>Atmospheres</ce:text>); Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphereUranus; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamicsAtmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uranus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Showman, Adam P.
AU  - Mosqueira, Ignacio
AU  - Head, James W.
T1  - On the resurfacing of Ganymede by liquid–water volcanism
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 172
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 625
EP  - 640
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: A long-popular model for producing Ganymede''s bright terrain involves flooding of low-lying graben with liquid water, slush, or warm, soft ice. The model suffers from major problems, however, including the absence of obvious near-surface heat sources, the negative buoyancy of liquid water, and the lack of a mechanism for confining the flows to graben floors. We present new models for cryovolcanic resurfacing to overcome these difficulties. Tidal heating within an ancient Laplace-like orbital resonance (Showman and Malhotra 1997, Icarus 127, 93; Showman et al., 1997, Icarus 129, 367) provides a plausible heat source and could allow partial melting to occur as shallow as 5–10 km depth. Our favored mechanism for delivering this water to the surface invokes the fact that topography—such as a global set of graben—causes subsurface pressure gradients that can pump water or slush upward onto the floors of topographic lows (graben) despite the negative buoyancy of the liquid. These eruptions can occur only within the topographic lows; furthermore, as the low areas become full, the pressure gradients disappear and the resurfacing ceases. This provides an explanation for the observed straight dark-bright terrain boundaries: water cannot overflow the graben, so resurfacing rarely embays craters or other rough topography. Pure liquid water can be pumped to the surface from only 5–10 km depth, but macroscopic bodies of slush ascending within fractures can reach the surface from much greater depths due to the smaller negative buoyancy of slush. A challenge for these models is the short predicted gravitational relaxation timescale of topographic features at high heat flows; the resurfacing must occur before the graben topography disappears. We also evaluate alternate resurfacing mechanisms, such as pumping of liquid water to the surface by thermal expansion stresses and buoyant rise of water through a silicate-contaminated crust that is denser than liquid water, and conclude that they are unlikely to explain Ganymede''s bright terrain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRABENS (Geology)
KW  - STRUCTURAL geology
KW  - GANYMEDE (Satellite)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - <ce:text>satellite</ce:text> (xmlns:ce=http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd><ce:text>Surfaces</ce:text>)
KW  - <ce:text>solid body</ce:text> (xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:text>Tides</ce:text>)
KW  - Ganymede
KW  - Satellites of Jupiter
KW  - satelliteSurfaces
KW  - solid bodyTides
KW  - Volcanism
N1  - Accession Number: 15586132; Showman, Adam P. 1; Email Address: showman@lpl.arizona.edu Mosqueira, Ignacio 2 Head, James W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Planetary Sciences, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 172 Issue 2, p625; Subject Term: GRABENS (Geology); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL geology; Subject Term: GANYMEDE (Satellite); Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: <ce:text>satellite</ce:text> (xmlns:ce=http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd><ce:text>Surfaces</ce:text>); Author-Supplied Keyword: <ce:text>solid body</ce:text> (xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd"><ce:text>Tides</ce:text>); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ganymede; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: satelliteSurfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: solid bodyTides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanism; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, S. M.
T1  - Multivariable Control Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 2304
EP  - 2304
SN  - 00189286
AB  - Reviews the book "Multivariable Control Systems," by P. Albertos and A. Sala.
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - ALBERTOS, P.
KW  - SALA, A.
KW  - MULTIVARIABLE Control Systems (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 15513876; Joshi, S. M. 1; Email Address: s.m.joshi@Larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p2304; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: MULTIVARIABLE Control Systems (Book); People: ALBERTOS, P.; People: SALA, A.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1109/TAC.2004.837597
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Sulima, Oleg V.
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - AIGaAsSb -- InGaASSb HPTs With High Optical Gain and Wide Dynamic Range.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 51
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2013
EP  - 2018
SN  - 00189383
AB  - Novel heterojunction phototransistors based on AlGaAsSb-InGaAsSb material systems are fabricated and their characteristics are demonstrated. Responsivity of a phototransistor Is measured with applied bias voltage at four different wavelehgths. The maximum responsivity around 1400 A/W and minimum noise equivalent power of 1.83 x 10-14 W/Hz1/2 from this phototransistor with bias of 4.0 V at a wavelength of 2.05 μm were measured at 20°C and -20 °C, respectively. Noise equivalent power of the phototransistor is considerably lower compared with commercially available InGaAs p-i-n photodiodes. Collector current measurements with applied incident power are performed for two phototransistors. Currents of 400 nA at low intensity of 0.425 μW/cm² and of 30 mA at high intensity of 100 mW/cm² are determined. Collector current increases nearly by five orders of magnitude between these two input intensities. High and constant optical gain of 500 in the 0.46-μW to 40-μW input power range is achieved, which demonstrates high dynamic range for such devices at these power levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HETEROJUNCTIONS
KW  - HETEROSTRUCTURES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR junctions
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - JUNCTION transistors
KW  - PHOTODIODES
KW  - Collector current
KW  - dynamic range
KW  - gain
KW  - hetero-junction
KW  - optical power
KW  - photodiode
KW  - phototransistor
KW  - responsivity.
N1  - Accession Number: 15391395; Abedin, M. Nurul 1; Email Address: m.n.abedin@nasa.gov Refaat, Tamer F. 2 Sulima, Oleg V. 3 Singh, Upendra N. 4; Affiliation:  1: Laser and Electro-Optics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.  2: Science and Technology Corporation, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.  3: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA.  4: System Engineering Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 51 Issue 12, p2013; Subject Term: HETEROJUNCTIONS; Subject Term: HETEROSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR junctions; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: JUNCTION transistors; Subject Term: PHOTODIODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collector current; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic range; Author-Supplied Keyword: gain; Author-Supplied Keyword: hetero-junction; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical power; Author-Supplied Keyword: photodiode; Author-Supplied Keyword: phototransistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: responsivity.; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2004.838328
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Markham, Brian L.
AU  - Storey, James C.
AU  - Crawford, Melba M.
AU  - Goodenough, David
AU  - Irons, James R.
T1  - Foreword to the Special Issue on Landsat Sensor Performance Characterization.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2687
EP  - 2689
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Presents an introduction to various articles published in the December 2004 issue of the journal "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing."
KW  - PERIODICALS
KW  - GEOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 15462817; Markham, Brian L. 1 Storey, James C. 2 Crawford, Melba M. 3 Goodenough, David 4 Irons, James R. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Branch Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  2: Science Applications International Corporation U.S. Geological Survey EROS Data Center Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.  3: Center for Space Research The University of Texas Austin, TX 78759 USA.  4: Pacific Forestry Centre Natural Resources Canada Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5 Canada.; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2687; Subject Term: PERIODICALS; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414420 Book, periodical and newspaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 451310 Book stores and news dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 451212 News Dealers and Newsstands; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.841174
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Hook, Simon J.
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Barsi, Julia A.
AU  - Alley, Ronald E.
AU  - Abtahi, Ali
AU  - Palluconi, Frank D.
AU  - Markham, Brian L.
AU  - Richards, Robert C.
AU  - Schladow, S. Geoffrey
AU  - Helder, Dennis L.
T1  - In-Flight Validation and Recovery of Water Surface Temperature With Landsat-5 Thermal Infrared Data Using an Automated High-Altitude Lake Validation Site at Lake Tahoe.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2767
EP  - 2776
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The absolute radiometric accuracy of the thermal infrared band (86) of the Thematic Mapper (TM) instrument on the Landsat-5 (L5) satellite was assessed over a period of approximately four years using data from the Lake Tahoe automated validation site (California-Nevada). The Lake Tahoe site was established in July 1999, and measurements of the skin and bulk temperature have been made approximately every 2 nun from four permanently moored buoys since mid-1999. Assessment involved using a radiative transfer model to propagate surface skin temperature measurements made at the time of the L5 overpass to predict the at-sensor radiance. The predicted radiance was then convolved with the L5B6 system response function to obtain the predicted LSB6 radiance, which was then compared with the radiance measured by LSB6. Twenty-four cloud-free scenes acquired between 1999 and 2003 were used in the analysis with scene temperatures ranging between 4°C and 22°C. The results indicate LSB6 had a radiance bias of 2.5% (1.6 °C) in late 1999, which gradually decreased to 0.8% (0.5 °C) in mid-2002. Since that time, the bias has remained positive (predicted minus measured) and between 0.3% (0.2 °C) and 1.4% (0.9 °C). The cause for the cold bias (L5 radiances are lower than expected) is unresolved, but likely related to changes in instrument temperature associated with changes in instrument usage. The in situ data were then used to develop algorithms to recover the skin and bulk temperature of the water by regressing the L5B6 radiance and the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) total column water [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER)
KW  - emissivity
KW  - Lake Tahoe
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Landsat-5
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - temperature
KW  - thermal
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 15462825; Hook, Simon J. 1; Email Address: simon.j.hook@jpl.nasa.gov Chander, Gyanesh 2; Email Address: gchander@usgs.gov Barsi, Julia A. 3; Email Address: Julia.Barsi@gsfc.nasa.gov Alley, Ronald E. 1 Abtahi, Ali 1 Palluconi, Frank D. 1 Markham, Brian L. 4; Email Address: Brian.L.Markham@nasa.gov Richards, Robert C. 5 Schladow, S. Geoffrey 6 Helder, Dennis L. 7; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.  2: Science Application International Corporation, Earth Resources Observation System Data Center, U.S Geological Survey, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.  3: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  4: Landsat Project Science Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  5: Tahoe Research Group, Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA.  6: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616 USA.  7: Electrical Engineering Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA.; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2767; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER); Author-Supplied Keyword: emissivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Tahoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat-5; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.839092
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Lee, D. Scott
AU  - Storey, James C.
AU  - Choate, Michael J.
AU  - Hayes, Ronald W.
T1  - Four Years of Landsat-7 On-Orbit Geometric Calibration and Performance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2786
EP  - 2795
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Unlike its predecessors, Landsat-7 has undergone regular geometric and radiometric performance monitoring and calibration since launch in April 1999. This ongoing activity, which includes issuing quarterly updates to calibration parameters, has generated a wealth of geometric performance data over the four-year on-orbit period of operations. A suite of geometric characterization (measurement and evaluation procedures) and calibration (procedures to derive improved estimates of instrument parameters) methods are employed by the Landsat-7 Image Assessment System to maintain the geometric calibration and to track specific aspects of geometric performance. These include geodetic accuracy, band-to-band registration accuracy, and image-to-image registration accuracy. These characterization and calibration activities maintain image product geometric accuracy at a high level-by monitoring performance to determine when calibration is necessary, generating new calibration parameters, and verifying that new parameters achieve desired improvements in accuracy. Landsat-7 continues to meet and exceed all geometric accuracy requirements, although aging components have begun to affect performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - EARTH resources technology satellites
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - GEODESY -- Observations
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - Band-to-band resignation
KW  - geodetic accuracy
KW  - geometric calibration
KW  - image-to-image registration
KW  - Landstat-7
N1  - Accession Number: 15462827; Lee, D. Scott 1; Email Address: slee@usgs.gov Storey, James C. 2; Email Address: James.C.Storey.1@gsfc.nasa.gov Choate, Michael J. 1; Email Address: choate@usgs.gov Hayes, Ronald W. 1; Email Address: hayes@usgs.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation, U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation System Data Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA.  2: Science Applications International Corporation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2786; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: EARTH resources technology satellites; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: GEODESY -- Observations; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Band-to-band resignation; Author-Supplied Keyword: geodetic accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: geometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: image-to-image registration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landstat-7; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.836769
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saleeb, A.F.
AU  - Arnold, S.M.
T1  - Specific hardening function definition and characterization of a multimechanism generalized potential-based viscoelastoplasticity model
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 20
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2111
EP  - 2142
SN  - 07496419
AB  - Given the previous complete-potential structure framework [see Int. J. Plasticity 10(3) (1994) 263], together with the notion of strain- and stress- partitioning in terms of separate contributions of several submechanisms (viscoelastic and viscoplastic) to the thermodynamic functions (stored energy and dissipation), see [Int. J. of Plasticity 17(10) (2001) 1305], a detailed viscoelastoplastic multimechanism characterization of a specific hardening functional form of the model is presented and discussed. TIMETAL 21S is the material of choice as a comprehensive test matrix, including creep, relaxation, constant strain-rate tension tests, etc. are available at various temperatures. Discussion of these correlations tests, together with comparisons to several other experimental results, are given to assess the performance and predictive capabilities of the present model particularly with regard to the notion of hardening saturation as well as the interaction of multiplicity of dissipative (reversible/irreversible) mechanisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - COHESION
KW  - Correlations
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Isothermal
KW  - Multiaxial
KW  - Predictions
KW  - Viscoelasticity nonlinear hardening
KW  - Viscoplasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 14102052; Saleeb, A.F. 1; Email Address: saleeb@uakron.edu Arnold, S.M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department Civil Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 20 Issue 12, p2111; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: COHESION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correlations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isothermal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiaxial; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoelasticity nonlinear hardening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoplasticity; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.04.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Browell, E. V.
AU  - Ismail, S.
AU  - Kooi, S. A.
AU  - Brasseur, L. H.
AU  - Brackett, V. G.
AU  - Clayton, M. B.
AU  - Barrick, J. D. W.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
AU  - Goldsmith, J. E. M.
AU  - Lesht, B. M.
AU  - Podolske, J. R.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Schmidlin, F. J.
AU  - Turner, D. D.
AU  - Whiteman, D. N.
AU  - Tobin, D.
AU  - Miloshevich, L. M.
AU  - Revercomb, H. E.
AU  - Demoz, B. B.
T1  - Characterization of Upper-Troposphere Water Vapor Measurements during AFWEX Using LASE.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 21
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1790
EP  - 1808
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Water vapor mass mixing ratio profiles from NASA's Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) system acquired during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)–First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment (FIRE) Water Vapor Experiment (AFWEX) are used as a reference to characterize upper-troposphere water vapor (UTWV) measured by ground-based Raman lidars, radiosondes, and in situ aircraft sensors over the Department of Energy (DOE) ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site in northern Oklahoma. LASE was deployed from the NASA DC-8 aircraft and measured water vapor over the ARM SGP Central Facility (CF) site during seven flights between 27 November and 10 December 2000. Initially, the DOE ARM SGP Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) Raman lidar (CARL) UTWV profiles were about 5%–7% wetter than LASE in the upper troposphere, and the Vaisala RS80-H radiosonde profiles were about 10% drier than LASE between 8 and 12 km. Scaling the Vaisala water vapor profiles to match the precipitable water vapor (PWV) measured by the ARM SGP microwave radiometer (MWR) did not change these results significantly. By accounting for an overlap correction of the CARL water vapor profiles and by employing schemes designed to correct the Vaisala RS80-H calibration method and account for the time response of the Vaisala RS80-H water vapor sensor, the average differences between the CARL and Vaisala radiosonde upper-troposphere water vapor profiles are reduced to about 5%, which is within the ARM goal of mean differences of less than 10%. The LASE and DC-8 in situ diode laser hygrometer (DLH) UTWV measurements generally agreed to within about 3%–4%. The DC-8 in situ frost point cryogenic hygrometer and Snow White chilled-mirror measurements were drier than the LASE, Raman lidars, and corrected Vaisala RS80H measurements by about 10%–25% and 10%–15%, respectively. Sippican (formerly VIZ Manufacturing) carbon hygristor radiosondes exhibited large variabilities and poor agreement with the other measurements. PWV derived from the LASE profiles agreed to within about 3% on average with PWV derived from the ARM SGP microwave radiometer. The agreement between the LASE and MWR PWV and the LASE and CARL UTWV measurements supports the hypotheses that MWR measurements of the 22-GHz water vapor line can accurately constrain the total water vapor amount and that the CART Raman lidar, when calibrated using the MWR PWV, can provide an accurate, stable reference for characterizing upper-troposphere water vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 15569405; Ferrare, R. A. 1; Email Address: richard.a.ferrare@nasa.gov Browell, E. V. 1 Ismail, S. 1 Kooi, S. A. 2 Brasseur, L. H. 2 Brackett, V. G. 2 Clayton, M. B. 2 Barrick, J. D. W. 1 Diskin, G. S. 1 Goldsmith, J. E. M. 3 Lesht, B. M. 4 Podolske, J. R. 5 Sachse, G. W. 1 Schmidlin, F. J. 6 Turner, D. D. 7 Whiteman, D. N. 8 Tobin, D. 9 Miloshevich, L. M. 10 Revercomb, H. E. 9 Demoz, B. B. 9; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: SAIC/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California  4: Argonne National Lab, Argonne, Illinois  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  6: NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia  7: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  8: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  9: University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 21 Issue 12, p1790; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, Sebastian
AU  - Lehmann, Katrin
AU  - Wendisch, Manfred
T1  - Minimizing Instrumental Broadening of the Drop Size Distribution with the M-Fast-FSSP.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 21
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1855
EP  - 1867
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - A modified version of the Fast-FSSP (the so-called M-Fast-FSSP) is introduced. It allows minimization of the instrumental broadening of measured cloud drop size distributions caused by laser beam inhomogeneities. This is achieved by applying a new technique based on a postexperiment stepwise reduction of the probe's sampling volume. For monodisperse glass bead samples it is shown that the width of the measured size distribution is considerably reduced when applying this technique, especially for large glass bead diameters. The instrumental broadening may exceed a factor of about 4 for a mean glass bead diameter of 30 μm. The M-Fast-FSSP was applied in two cloud measurement campaigns. For two specific cloud cases, the profile of the width of the measured drop size distribution changes significantly when applying the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER beams
KW  - GLASS
KW  - GRANULAR materials
KW  - LASERS
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - GLASS beads
N1  - Accession Number: 15569401; Schmidt, Sebastian 1; Email Address: schmidt@tropos.de Lehmann, Katrin 1 Wendisch, Manfred 2; Affiliation:  1: Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 21 Issue 12, p1855; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: GLASS beads; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kadambi, Jaikrishnan R.
AU  - Charoenngam, Pathom
AU  - Subramanian, Amirthaganesh
AU  - Wernet, Mark P.
AU  - Sankovic, John M.
AU  - Addie, Graeme
AU  - Courtwright, Robert
T1  - Investigations of Particle Velocities in a Slury Pump Using PIV: Part 1, The Tongue and Adjacent Channel Flow.
JO  - Journal of Energy Resources Technology
JF  - Journal of Energy Resources Technology
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 126
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 278
SN  - 01950738
AB  - Transport of solid-liquid slurries in pipeline transport over short and medium distances is very important in many industries, including mining related processes. The particle image velocimetry technique was successfully utilized to investigate the velocities and kinetic energy fluctuations of slurry particles at the tongue region of an optically-clear centrifugal pump. The experiments were conducted using 500 micron glass beads at volumetric concentrations of 2.5% and 5% and at pump speeds of 725 rpm and 1000 rpm. The fluctuation kinetic energy increased approximately 200% to 500% as the pump speed was increased from 725 rpm to 1000 rpm. The directional impingement mechanism is more significant at the pressure side of the blade, tongue and the casing. This mechanism becomes more important as the speed increases. This suggests that the impeller, tongue and the casing of the slurry pump can wear out quickly, especially with an increase in speed. In this paper the emphasis is on the tongue region. The random impingement mechanism caused by the fluctuation kinetic energy of the solids can play an important role on the erosion of the tongue area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Energy Resources Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SLURRY
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - POWER resources
N1  - Accession Number: 15792653; Kadambi, Jaikrishnan R. 1 Charoenngam, Pathom 1 Subramanian, Amirthaganesh 1 Wernet, Mark P. 2 Sankovic, John M. 3 Addie, Graeme 4 Courtwright, Robert 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John H. Glenn Research Center, 21 000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  4: GIW Industries, 5000 Wrightsboro Rd., Grovetown, GA 3081 3-9750; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 126 Issue 4, p271; Subject Term: SLURRY; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Subject Term: POWER resources; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1786928
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Self- and H2-broadened width and shift coefficients in the 2 <f>←</f> 0 band of 12C16O: revisited
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 228
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 580
EP  - 592
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Room temperature values for self-broadened and hydrogen-broadened Lorentz halfwidth coefficients, and self and hydrogen pressure-induced shift coefficients have been measured for transitions with rotational quantum number <f>m</f> ranging between -24 and 24 in the 2 <f>←</f> 0 band of 12C16O. The spectra were recorded with the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. The analysis was performed using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares technique. We have compared our results with similar measurements published recently. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - CO
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Self- and H2-pressure broadening and shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 19235376; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov Predoi-Cross, A. 2 Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, M.A.H. 3 Rinsland, C.P. 3 Mantz, A.W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Department of Physics, The University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada  3: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  4: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 228 Issue 2, p580; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self- and H2-pressure broadening and shifts; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2004.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Blake, T.A.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Toth, R.A.
T1  - Air-broadening parameters in the ν3 band of 14N16O2 using a multispectrum fitting technique
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 228
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 593
EP  - 619
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Abstract: Air-broadened linewidths, pressure-induced shift coefficients and their temperature dependences were retrieved for over 1000 transitions in the ν3 band of 14N16O2 at 6μm. In addition, precise line center positions and relative intensities were also determined. The results were obtained by fitting simultaneously 27 spectra recorded at high resolution (0.002–0.006cm−1) with two Fourier transform spectrometers and gas sample temperatures ranging from 206 to 298K. It was necessary to modify the multispectrum fitting software to accommodate constraints on the retrieved parameters of closely spaced spin–split doublets in order to successfully determine their broadening and shift parameters. The variations of the widths, shifts and their temperature dependences with the quantum numbers were investigated. Subsets of the observed linewidths were reproduced to within 3% using an empirical smoothing function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - ν3
KW  - Air broadening
KW  - Infrared
KW  - NO2
KW  - Pressure shifts
KW  - Temperature dependence
N1  - Accession Number: 19235377; Benner, D. Chris 1 Blake, T.A. 2 Brown, L.R. 3; Email Address: linda.brown@jpl.nasa.gov Malathy Devi, V. 1 Smith, M.A.H. 4 Toth, R.A. 3; Affiliation:  1: The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS K8-88, Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 228 Issue 2, p593; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: ν3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2004.07.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fischer, Charlotte Froese
AU  - Rubin, Robert H.
T1  - Breit–Pauli energy levels, transition probabilities and lifetimes for3d5 levels in Fe ivof astrophysical interest.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2004/12//12/1/2004
VL  - 355
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 461
EP  - 474
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Energy levels, lifetimes and transition probabilities for transitions between computed levels of 3d5 of Fe ivare reported. The E2 and M1 transition probabilities are compared with earlier theoretical results, often only the values published by Garstang in 1958. From the available astronomical observations of optical emission lines arising from the same level, a few direct tests are now possible and they show consistency with the theoretical calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STARS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - PHYSICAL cosmology
KW  - atomic data - atomic processes
N1  - Accession Number: 15123542; Fischer, Charlotte Froese 1; Email Address: Charlotte.F.Fischer@Vanderbilt.Edu Rubin, Robert H. 2,3; Email Address: rubin@cygnus.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of computer Science, Box 1679B, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.  2: NASA/Ames Research Center; Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  3: Orion Enterprises, M.S. 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 12/1/2004, Vol. 355 Issue 2, p461; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: PHYSICAL cosmology; Author-Supplied Keyword: atomic data - atomic processes; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08332.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ngo
AU  - Q.
AU  - Cruden
AU  - B. A.
AU  - Cassell
AU  - A. M.
AU  - Sims
AU  - G.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
AU  - Li
AU  - J.
AU  - Yang
AU  - C. Y.
T1  - Thermal Interface Properties of Cu-filled Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 4
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2403
EP  - 2407
SN  - 15306984
AB  - Nanoengineered materials have emerged as efficient thermal interface materials in a variety of thermal management applications. For example, integrated circuits (IC) are subject to tight thermal budgets to maintain acceptable reliability standards. This letter presents thermal contact resistance measurement results and analyses for copper gap-filled carbon nanofiber-copper composite arrays. Experimental results demonstrate the efficient interfacial thermal conduction of these structures. Using copper as a gap-fill material for improving lateral heat spreading and mechanical stability is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - HEAT budget (Geophysics)
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 16439378; Ngo Q. 1 Cruden B. A. 1 Cassell A. M. 1 Sims G. 1 Meyyappan M. 1 Li J. 1 Yang C. Y. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanostructures, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95050, and Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 4 Issue 12, p2403; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Subject Term: HEAT budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinkley, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Morgret, Leslie D.
AU  - Gehrke, Stevin H.
T1  - Tensile properties of two responsive hydrogels
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 45
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 8837
EP  - 8843
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Temperature-responsive hydrogels were prepared from N-vinyl caprolactam/ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PVCL) or from hydroxypropylcellulose/divinyl sulfone (HPC). Both gels undergo reversible volume shrinkage between room temperature and 50°C, and for both, the tensile stress–strain behavior in the collapsed state above the temperature-induced transition is qualitatively different from that at room temperature. At the higher temperature, PVCL gels become stiffer, more ductile, and more viscoelastic. HPC gels, on the other hand, have lower initial tangent moduli in the high-temperature state. Possible molecular mechanisms are suggested, and implications for the design of temperature-responsive actuators (‘artificial muscles’) from these materials are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGELS
KW  - CAPROLACTAM
KW  - ETHYLENE glycol
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - Artificial muscle
KW  - Responsive gel
KW  - Tensile
N1  - Accession Number: 19273509; Hinkley, Jeffrey A. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.a.hinkley@nasa.gov Morgret, Leslie D. 2 Gehrke, Stevin H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  3: Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7576, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 45 Issue 26, p8837; Subject Term: HYDROGELS; Subject Term: CAPROLACTAM; Subject Term: ETHYLENE glycol; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial muscle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Responsive gel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tensile; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.088
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rovati, Luigi
AU  - Bandera, Andrea
AU  - Donini, Maurizio
AU  - Salvatori, Giorgia
AU  - Pollonini, Luca
T1  - Design and performance of a wide-bandwidth and sensitive instrument for near-infrared spectroscopic measurements on human tissue.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 75
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 5315
EP  - 5325
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - The article describes an instrument designed to perform in vivo near-infrared spectroscopic measurements on human tissues. The system integrates five continuous-wave laser diode sources emitting in the near-infrared spectral region and a low-noise detection system based on an avalanche photodiode. The optical probe is based on a compact, reliable, and low-cost fiber based system with four quantitative measuring points. The excellent sensitivity of the instrument allows one to perform quantitative assessments of the hemoglobin concentration exploiting precise absorption measurements close to the absorption peak of the water: 975 nm. Moreover, a good signal to noise ratio is obtained also at a high acquisition rate, allowing us to follow rapid changes in oxidative metabolism. The system bandwidth is selectable within the range 2.3–27 Hz, i.e., 20 channels (five chromatic and four spatial channels) can be acquired 27 times for each measuring second, whereas the system amplification can be set to measure optical density ranging from 3.5 to 8.5. A prototype version of the instrument has been realized and characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASERS -- Industrial applications
KW  - INFRARED albedo
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - METABOLISM
KW  - HEMOGLOBIN
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - HEMOGLOBIN polymorphisms
KW  - BLOOD proteins
N1  - Accession Number: 15244422; Rovati, Luigi 1; Email Address: rovati.luigi@unimo.it Bandera, Andrea 1 Donini, Maurizio 1 Salvatori, Giorgia 1 Pollonini, Luca 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Information Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia and INFM, via Vignolese 905, I-41100 Modena, Italy  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 333-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 75 Issue 12, p5315; Subject Term: LASERS -- Industrial applications; Subject Term: INFRARED albedo; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: METABOLISM; Subject Term: HEMOGLOBIN; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: HEMOGLOBIN polymorphisms; Subject Term: BLOOD proteins; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1818588
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guillermo Bozzolo
AU  - Daniel Farías
AU  - de Parga, Amadeo L. Vázquez
AU  - Miranda, Rodolfo
T1  - MODELING OF Co/Cu ISLAND FORMATION ON A Cu(111) SURFACE.
JO  - Surface Review & Letters
JF  - Surface Review & Letters
Y1  - 2004/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 591
EP  - 597
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 0218625X
AB  - The BFS method for alloys is applied to the study of Co growth on Cu(111). Atomistic simulations are performed to investigate the behavior of Co on Cu(111) as a function of temperature. Atom-by-atom analysis of the energy contributions of each atom in the island explain the observed features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Review & Letters is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - COPPER
KW  - COBALT
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - cobalt
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - copper
KW  - semi-empirical methods and model calculations
KW  - surface alloys
KW  - surface structure
N1  - Accession Number: 16272771; Guillermo Bozzolo 1,2 Daniel Farías 3 de Parga, Amadeo L. Vázquez 3 Miranda, Rodolfo 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  3: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 11 Issue 6, p591; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: COBALT; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: cobalt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: semi-empirical methods and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xapsos, M. A.
AU  - Burke, E. A.
AU  - Badavi, F. F.
AU  - Townsend, L. W.
AU  - Wilson, J. W.
AU  - Jun, I.
T1  - NIEL Calculations for High-Energy Heavy Ions.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2004/12/02/Dec2004 Part 2 of 3
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3250
EP  - 3254
SN  - 00189499
AB  - Calculations of NIEL are reported for heavy ions prominent in the space environment for energies ranging from 200 MeV per nucleon to 2 GeV per nucleon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - IONS
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 15591508; Xapsos, M. A. 1; Email Address: Michael.A.Xapsos@nasa.gov Burke, E. A. Badavi, F. F. 2 Townsend, L. W. 3 Wilson, J. W. 4 Jun, I. 5; Affiliation:  1: Flight Data Systems and Radiation Effects Branch, Radiation Effects and Analysis Group, NASA Goddard Space Right Center, Code 561.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  2: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606 USA.  3: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37916 USA.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.  5: Jet Propulsion' Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.; Source Info: Dec2004 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p3250; Subject Term: EXTREME environments; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2004.839136
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boulghassoul, Y.
AU  - Buchner, S.
AU  - McMorrow, Dale
AU  - Pouget, V.
AU  - Massengill, L. W.
AU  - Fouillat, P.
AU  - Holman, W. T.
AU  - Poivey, C.
AU  - Howard, J. W.
AU  - Savage, M.
AU  - Maher, M. C.
T1  - Investigation of Millisecond-Long Analog Single-Event Transients in the LM6144 Op Amp.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2004/12/02/Dec2004 Part 2 of 3
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3529
EP  - 3536
SN  - 00189499
AB  - A new category of analog single-event transients (SETs) with millisecond-long durations have been experimentally observed in the LM6144 operational amplifier. It is the first time that events with such extreme widths are under investigation in a linear integrated circuit. Relying on heavy-ion broadbeam tests, picosecond pulsed lasers diagnostics, and computer-assisted circuit modeling, we uncover the mechanisms and causes of these anomalous voltage transients. The identification of the problematic area of the IC reveals that the bias/startup circuitry is sensitive to energetic ionizing particles and can be responsible for corrupted circuit operations when subjected to a heavy-ion strike. A circuit hardening solution with minimal impact on the layout and the electrical performances of the op amp are proposed to mitigate this effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSIENTS (Electricity)
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - ANALOG integrated circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances -- Protection
KW  - OPERATIONAL amplifiers
N1  - Accession Number: 15591551; Boulghassoul, Y. 1 Buchner, S. 2 McMorrow, Dale 3 Pouget, V. 4 Massengill, L. W. 1 Fouillat, P. 4 Holman, W. T. 1 Poivey, C. 2 Howard, J. W. 2 Savage, M. 5 Maher, M. C. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Right Center (GSFC) and QSS, Seabrook, MD 20706 USA.  3: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA.  4: IXL Microelectronics Laboratory, Université Bordeaux 1, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.  5: NAVSEA, Crane, IN 47522 USA.  6: National Semiconductor Corporation, South Portland, ME 04106 USA.; Source Info: Dec2004 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p3529; Subject Term: TRANSIENTS (Electricity); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: ANALOG integrated circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances -- Protection; Subject Term: OPERATIONAL amplifiers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2004.839196
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Brückner, J.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Carr, M. H.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Crumpler, L.
AU  - Marais, D. J. Des
AU  - d'Uston, C.
AU  - Economou, T.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Farrand, W.
AU  - Folkner, W.
AU  - Colombek, M.
AU  - Gorevan, S.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
T1  - The Opportunity Rover's Athena Science Investigation at Meridiani Planum, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1698
EP  - 1703
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity has investigated the Landing site in Eagle crater and the nearby plains within Meridiani Planum. The soils consist of fine-grained basaltic sand and a surface lag of hematite-rich spherules, spherule fragments, and other granules. Wind ripples are common. Underlying the thin soil layer, and exposed within small impact craters and troughs, are flat-lying sedimentary rocks. These rocks are finely laminated, are rich in sulfur, and contain abundant sulfate salts. Small-scale cross-lamination in some locations provides evidence for deposition in flowing liquid water. We interpret the rocks to be a mixture of chemical and siliciclastic sediments formed by episodic inundation by shallow surface water, followed by evaporation, exposure, and desiccation. Hematite-rich spherules are embedded in the rock and eroding from them. We interpret these spherules to be concretions formed by postdepositional diagenesis, again involving liquid water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - DISCOVERIES in geography
KW  - BASALT
KW  - HEMATITE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - AERONAUTICS in astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 15331282; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu Arvidson, R. E. 2 Bell III, J. F. 1 Brückner, J. 3 Cabrol, N. A. 4 Calvin, W. 5 Carr, M. H. 6 Christensen, P. R. 7 Clark, B. C. 8 Crumpler, L. 9 Marais, D. J. Des 10 d'Uston, C. 11 Economou, T. 12 Farmer, J. 7 Farrand, W. 13 Folkner, W. 14 Colombek, M. 14 Gorevan, S. 15 Grant, J. A. 16 Greeley, R. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington  3: Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Kosmochemie, Mainz,  4: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno,  6: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.  7: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University,  8: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA.  9: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque,  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  11: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, Toulouse, France.  12: Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL  13: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.  14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,  15: Honeybee Robotics, New York, NY 10012, USA.  16: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian; Source Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1698; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in geography; Subject Term: BASALT; Subject Term: HEMATITE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS in astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5377
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Anderson, R. C.
AU  - Bartlett, P.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Chu, P.
AU  - Davis, K.
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Corevan, S.
AU  - Guinness, E. A.
AU  - Haldemann, A. F. C.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Landis, G.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - Lindemann, R.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Myrick, T.
AU  - Parker, T.
AU  - Richter, L.
T1  - Localization and Physical Property Experiments Conducted by Opportunity at Meridiani Planum.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1730
EP  - 1733
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The location of the Opportunity landing site was determined to better than 10-m absolute accuracy from analyses of radio tracking data. We determined Rover locations during traverses with an error as small as several centimeters using engineering telemetry and overlapping images. Topographic profiles generated from rover data show that the plains are very smooth from meter- to centimeter-length scales, consistent with analyses of orbital observations. Solar cell output decreased because of the deposition of airborne dust on the panels. The lack of dust-covered surfaces on Meridiani Planum indicates that high velocity winds must remove this material on a continuing basis. The low mechanical strength of the evaporitic rocks as determined from grinding experiments, and the abundance of coarse-grained surface particles argue for differential erosion of Meridiani Planum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS in astronomy
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
KW  - PLAINS
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - DUST
KW  - EVAPORITES
N1  - Accession Number: 15331287; Arvidson, R. E. 1; Email Address: arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu Anderson, R. C. 2 Bartlett, P. 3 Bell III, J. F. 4 Christensen, P. R. 5 Chu, P. 3 Davis, K. 3 Ehlmann, B. L. 1 Golombek, M. P. 2 Corevan, S. 3 Guinness, E. A. 1 Haldemann, A. F. C. 2 Herkenhoff, K. E. 6 Landis, G. 7 Li, R. 8 Lindemann, R. 2 Ming, D. W. 9 Myrick, T. 3 Parker, T. 2 Richter, L. 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,  3: Honeybee Robotics, 204 Elizabeth Street, New York, NY 10012,  4: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University,  6: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA.  7: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  8: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic  9: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.  10: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt, Institut; Source Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1730; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS in astronomy; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: PLAINS; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: EVAPORITES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2882
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klingelhöfer, G.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Bernhardt, B.
AU  - Schröder, C.
AU  - Rodionov, D. S.
AU  - de Souza Jr., P. A.
AU  - Yen, A.
AU  - Geliert, R.
AU  - Evlanov, E. N.
AU  - Zubkov, B.
AU  - Foh, J.
AU  - Bonnes, U.
AU  - Kankeleit, E.
AU  - Gütlich, P.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Renz, F.
AU  - Wdowiak, T.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
T1  - Jarosite and Hematite at Meridiani Planum from Opportunity's Mössbauer Spectrometer.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1740
EP  - 1745
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Mössbauer spectrometers provide quantitative information about the distribution of iron among its oxidation states, the identification of iron-bearing phases, and the distribution of iron among those phases. Characterizing the speciation and distribution of iron in martian rock and soil [1] constrains primary rock types; the conditions under which primary minerals crystallize; and the mineralogical composition, process, and extent of alteration and weathering. Hematite (α-Fe[sub 2]O[sub 3]) was detected in Meridiani Planum from orbital observations before the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions [2, 3], and the region was selected as a MER landing site on a scientific basis, because the mineral is a beacon for aqueous processes, and on an engineering basis, because the terrain was considered safe for landing [4]. The first Mössbauer spectrum from Meridiani Planum was obtained by the Opportunity rover on 4 February 2004, on soil near the lander at Eagle crater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - IRON
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - SOILS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 15331289; Klingelhöfer, G. 1; Email Address: klinget@mail.uni-mainz.de Morris, R. V. 2 Bernhardt, B. 1 Schröder, C. 1 Rodionov, D. S. 1,3 de Souza Jr., P. A. 1,4 Yen, A. 5 Geliert, R. 1,6 Evlanov, E. N. 3 Zubkov, B. 3 Foh, J. 1,7 Bonnes, U. 7 Kankeleit, E. 7 Gütlich, P. 1 Ming, D. W. 2 Renz, F. 1 Wdowiak, T. 8 Squyres, S. W. 9 Arvidson, R. E. 10; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson  3: Space Research Institute IKI, 117997 Moscow, Russia.  4: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (CVRD) Group, Vitoria, Brazil.  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology,  6: Max Planck Institut für Chemie, Becher-Weg 27, D-55128  7: Darmstadt University of Technology, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany.  8: University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.  9: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  10: Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; Source Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1740; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5851
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Michael D.
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
AU  - Lemmon, Mark T.
AU  - Spanovich, Nicole
AU  - Banfield, Don
AU  - Budney, Charles J.
AU  - Todd Clancy, R.
AU  - Ghosh, Amitabha
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
AU  - Smith, Peter
AU  - Whitney, Barbara
AU  - Christensen, Philip R.
AU  - Squyres, Steven W.
T1  - First Atmosphere Science Results from the Mars Exploration Rovers Mini-TES.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1750
EP  - 1753
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Thermal infrared spectra of the martian atmosphere taken by the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) were used to determine the atmospheric temperatures in the planetary boundary layer and the column-integrated optical depth of aerosols. Mini-TES observations show the diurnal variation of the martian boundary layer thermal structure, including a near-surface superadiabatic layer during the afternoon and an inversion layer at night. Upward-looking Mini-TES observations show warm and cool parcels of air moving through the Mini-TES field of view on a time scale of 30 seconds. The retrieved dust optical depth shows a downward trend at both sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - DIURNAL variations in meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 15331291; Smith, Michael D. 1; Email Address: Michael.D.Smith@nasa.gov Wolff, Michael J. 2 Lemmon, Mark T. 3 Spanovich, Nicole 4 Banfield, Don 5 Budney, Charles J. 6 Todd Clancy, R. 2 Ghosh, Amitabha 1 Landis, Geoffrey A. 7 Smith, Peter 4 Whitney, Barbara 2 Christensen, Philip R. 8 Squyres, Steven W. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  2: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.  3: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.  4: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.  5: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  7: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  8: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; Source Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1750; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: DIURNAL variations in meteorology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2748
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lemmon, M. T.
AU  - Wolff, M. J.
AU  - Smith, M. D.
AU  - Clancy, R. T.
AU  - Banfield, D.
AU  - Landis, G. A.
AU  - Ghosh, A.
AU  - Smith, P. H.
AU  - Spanovich, N.
AU  - Whitney, B.
AU  - Whelley, P.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Thompson, S.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
T1  - Atmospheric Imaging Results from the Mars Exploration Rovers: Spirit and Opportunity.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/03/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5702
M3  - Article
SP  - 1753
EP  - 1756
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A visible atmospheric optical depth of 0.9 was measured by the Spirit rover at Gusev crater and by the Opportunity rover at Meridiani Planum. Optical depth decreased by about 0.6 to 0.7% per sol through both 90-sol primary missions. The vertical distribution of atmospheric dust at Gusev crater was consistent with uniform mixing, with a measured scale height of 11.56 ± 0.62 kilometers. The dust's cross section weighted mean radius was 1.47 ± 0.21 micrometers (µm) at Gusev and 1.52 ± 0.18 µm at Meridiani. Comparison of visible optical depths with 9-µm optical depths shows a visible-to-infrared optical depth ratio of 2.0 ± 0.2 for comparison with previous monitoring of infrared optical depths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL optics
KW  - DUST
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - AIR -- Optical properties
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 15331292; Lemmon, M. T. 1; Email Address: lemmon@tamu.edu Wolff, M. J. 2 Smith, M. D. 3 Clancy, R. T. 2 Banfield, D. 4 Landis, G. A. 5 Ghosh, A. 3 Smith, P. H. 6 Spanovich, N. 6 Whitney, B. 2 Whelley, P. 7 Greeley, R. 7 Thompson, S. 7 Bell III, J. F. 4 Squyres, S. W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.  2: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Creenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  4: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  6: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.  7: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.; Source Info: 12/3/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5702, p1753; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL optics; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: AIR -- Optical properties; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4483
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertino, M. F.
AU  - Gadipalli, R. R.
AU  - Story, J. G.
AU  - Williams, C. G.
AU  - Zhang, G.
AU  - Sotiriou-Leventis, C.
AU  - Tokuhiro, A. T.
AU  - Guha, S.
AU  - Leventis, N.
T1  - Laser writing of semiconductor nanoparticles and quantum dots.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2004/12/13/
VL  - 85
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 6007
EP  - 6009
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Silica aerogels were patterned with CdS using a photolithographic technique based on local heating with infrared (IR) light. The solvent of silica hydrogels was exchanged with an aqueous solution of the precursors CdNO3 and NH4OH, all precooled to a temperature of 5°C. Half of the bathing solution was then replaced by a thiourea solution. After thiourea diffused into the hydrogels, the samples were exposed to a focused IR beam from a continuous wave, Nd-YAG laser. The precursors reacted in the spots heated by the IR beam to form CdS nanoparticles. We lithographed features with a diameter of about 40 μm, which extended inside the monoliths for up to 4 mm. Samples were characterized with transmission electron microscopy and optical absorption, photoluminescence, and Raman spectroscopies. Spots illuminated by the IR beam were made up by CdS nanoparticles dispersed in a silica matrix. The CdS nanoparticles had a diameter in the 4–6 nm range in samples exposed for 4 min to the IR beam, and of up to 100 nm in samples exposed for 10 min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - SILICA
KW  - AEROGELS
N1  - Accession Number: 15331837; Bertino, M. F. 1; Email Address: massimo@umr.edu Gadipalli, R. R. 1 Story, J. G. 1 Williams, C. G. 1 Zhang, G. 2 Sotiriou-Leventis, C. 2 Tokuhiro, A. T. 3 Guha, S. 1; Email Address: eslevent@umr.edu Leventis, N. 4; Email Address: nicholas.leventis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Rolla, Missouri 65409.  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Missouri 65409.  3: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, Missouri 65409.  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials Division/Polymers Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland.; Source Info: 12/13/2004, Vol. 85 Issue 24, p6007; Subject Term: PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: AEROGELS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1836000
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Robots and humans: synergy in planetary exploration
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2004/12/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 985
EP  - 990
SN  - 00945765
AB  - How will humans and robots cooperate in future planetary exploration? Are humans and robots fundamentally separate modes of exploration, or can humans and robots work together to synergistically explore the solar system? It is proposed that humans and robots can work together in exploring the planets by use of telerobotic operation to expand the function and usefulness of human explorers, and to extend the range of human exploration to hostile environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE robotics
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - PLANETARY engineering
KW  - DISCOVERIES in geography
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 14710523; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.a.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Mailstop 302-1, 21000 Brook Park Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 55 Issue 12, p985; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: PLANETARY engineering; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in geography; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.05.072
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, Guoguang
AU  - Chen, Hamn-Ching
AU  - Han, Je-Chin
AU  - Heidmann, James D.
T1  - Computation of flow and heat transfer in rotating two-pass rectangular channels (AR=1:1, 1:2, and 1:4) with smooth walls by a Reynolds stress turbulence model
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2004/12/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 5665
EP  - 5683
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Numerical predictions of three-dimensional flow and heat transfer are presented for rotating two-pass smooth channels with three aspect ratios (AR=1:1; 1:2; 1:4). Detailed predictions of mean velocity, mean temperature and Nusselt number for two Reynolds numbers (Re=10,000 and 100,000) were carried out. A total of fifteen calculations have been performed with various combinations of rotation number, Reynolds number, and coolant-to-wall density ratio. The rotation number and inlet coolant-to-wall density ratio varied from 0.0 to 0.28 and from 0.13 to 0.40, respectively. The focus of this study is to investigate the effect of the channel aspect ratio, the Reynolds number, and the coolant-to-wall density ratio on the nature of the flow and heat transfer. A multi-block Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) method was employed in conjunction with a near-wall second-moment turbulence closure. In the present method, the convective transport equations for momentum, energy, and turbulence quantities are solved in curvilinear, body-fitted coordinates using the finite-analytic method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - ASPECT ratio (Aerofoils)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 14811731; Su, Guoguang 1 Chen, Hamn-Ching 2 Han, Je-Chin; Email Address: jchan@mengr.tamu.edu Heidmann, James D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Turbine Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3123, USA  2: Ocean Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 5-11, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 47 Issue 26, p5665; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: ASPECT ratio (Aerofoils); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.07.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Guangwen
AU  - Ikegami, Masiki
AU  - Honma, Senji
AU  - Ikeda, Khoji
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Struk, Peter M.
T1  - Sooting characteristics of isolated droplet burning in heated ambients under microgravity
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2004/12/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 5807
EP  - 5821
SN  - 00179310
AB  - This paper presents an investigation into the sooting characteristics of isolated droplets (for fuel n-decane) burning in heated ambients in microgravity. A backlit video view of the droplet was taken to determine the soot shell size and to judge the transient soot generation according to qualitative amount of soot. The independent experiment variables were the ambient temperature and initial droplet diameter. Soot generation was higher for initially larger droplets when compared at the same burning time normalized with the initial droplet diameter squared (called normalized burning time). At the same absolute burning time there existed an obvious initial transient period after ignition in which the stated relationship was not satisfied. This transient time increased with increasing the ambient temperature. There was a peak in the soot generation at about 1000K throughout the lifetime of the droplet. The soot shell size was generally larger for an initially bigger droplet at the same instantaneous droplet diameter or normalized burning time. At the same absolute burning time, however, an initially smaller droplet exhibited larger relative soot shell sizes (the soot shell size normalized with the initial droplet diameter). The soot shell size increased monotonically with increasing ambient temperature. This is due to the increase in the Stefan flow drag with the larger burning rate at the higher temperature. The consequent result is that the soot shell sizes are much larger for droplets burning in heated ambients than for droplets burning in room-temperature ambients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SOOT
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - MONOTONIC functions
KW  - Droplet burning
KW  - Flame radiation
KW  - Initial diameter influence
KW  - Microgravity combustion
KW  - Soot
N1  - Accession Number: 14811741; Xu, Guangwen 1 Ikegami, Masiki; Email Address: m.ikegami@aist.go.jp Honma, Senji 1 Ikeda, Khoji 1 Dietrich, Daniel L. 2 Struk, Peter M. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: National Center for Microgravity Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 47 Issue 26, p5807; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SOOT; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: MONOTONIC functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Initial diameter influence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.05.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hund, J.F.
AU  - Bertino, M.F.
AU  - Zhang, G.
AU  - Sotiriou-Leventis, C.
AU  - Leventis, N.
T1  - Synthesis of homogeneous alloy metal nanoparticles in silica aerogels
JO  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
JF  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Y1  - 2004/12/15/
VL  - 350
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 13
SN  - 00223093
AB  - Abstract: Homogeneous alloy nanoparticles of the noble metals gold and silver were formed in silica aerogels. In our synthesis procedure, silica aquogels were first prepared with a standard base-catalyzed route, washed several times with distilled water, and then bathed in an aqueous solution with a total metal ion concentration of 3×10−4 M. Formaldehyde (0.5M) was then added as a reducing agent, with NaOH, in a typical concentration of 1–2mM, employed to control the velocity of reduction. After reduction, the gels were washed, and then dried supercritically (from CO2) to yield aerogels. The optical absorption of the gels exhibits a single plasmon peak that shifts linearly to higher wavelengths when the Au mole ratio is increased. These results indicate that bimetallic nanoparticles are formed, and that the metals are homogeneously alloyed. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the diameter of the metal nanoparticles depends on the molar ratio of metals used in the bathing solution of the aquogel precursor, and ranges from a minimum of ∼20nm (100% Au sample) to a maximum of 70–80nm (25at.% Au). Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis confirms that the nanoparticles are bimetallic, with a mean mole ratio within 15% of the bathing solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - METALLURGY
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - SILICON compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 17125226; Hund, J.F. 1 Bertino, M.F. 1; Email Address: massimo@umr.edu Zhang, G. 2 Sotiriou-Leventis, C. 2 Leventis, N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Missouri – Rolla, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri – Rolla, 1870 Miner Circle, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  3: Materials Division/Polymers Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 350 Issue 1-3, p9; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: METALLURGY; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Guohui
AU  - Dass, Amala
AU  - Rawashdeh, Abdel-Monem M.
AU  - Thomas, Jeffery
AU  - Counsil, Joseph A.
AU  - Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia
AU  - Fabrizio, Eve F.
AU  - Ilhan, Faysal
AU  - Vassilaras, Plousia
AU  - Scheiman, Daniel A.
AU  - McCorkle, Linda
AU  - Palczer, Anna
AU  - Johnston, J. Chris
AU  - Meador, Mary Ann
AU  - Leventis, Nicholas
T1  - Isocyanate-crosslinked silica aerogel monoliths: preparation and characterization
JO  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
JF  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Y1  - 2004/12/15/
VL  - 350
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 152
EP  - 164
SN  - 00223093
AB  - Abstract: Polymerization of di- and tri-isocyanates can be templated onto the mesoporous surface of a preformed network of sol–gel-derived silica nanoparticles, resulting in a conformal ‘crosslinked’ coating that renders the interparticle neck zone wider. Upon drying, these crosslinked networks yield aerogels which are up to ∼3× more dense than native aerogels based on the underlying silica framework, but also up to 10× less hygroscopic and they may take more than 300× the force to break. These results have been obtained with one-step based-catalyzed sol–gel silica networks, as well as with gels derived through a two-step process involving an acid-catalyzed sol and a based-catalyzed gel. Furthermore, it has been also found that crosslinking increases the dielectric constant only by ∼35% relative to values reported in the literature for native silica aerogels of about the same porosity. Chemical investigations into the polymerization reaction have shown that the process of crosslinking involves reaction of the isocyanate with: (a) at the surface of silica to form carbamate; and (b) adsorbed water, to form an amine and carbon dioxide. This amine then reacts with additional isocyanates resulting in polymer chain extension and bridging of particles with urethane-terminated polyurea. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ISOCYANATES
KW  - POLYMERIZATION
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - ISOCYANIC acid
KW  - 81.05.Zx
N1  - Accession Number: 17125247; Zhang, Guohui 1 Dass, Amala 1 Rawashdeh, Abdel-Monem M. 1 Thomas, Jeffery 1 Counsil, Joseph A. 1 Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia 1; Email Address: cslevent@umr.edu Fabrizio, Eve F. 2 Ilhan, Faysal 2 Vassilaras, Plousia 2 Scheiman, Daniel A. 2 McCorkle, Linda 2 Palczer, Anna 2 Johnston, J. Chris 2 Meador, Mary Ann 2 Leventis, Nicholas 2; Email Address: nicholas.leventis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials Division, 21000, Brookpark Road, M.S. 49-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 350 Issue 1-3, p152; Subject Term: ISOCYANATES; Subject Term: POLYMERIZATION; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: ISOCYANIC acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: 81.05.Zx; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2004.06.041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krug, A. Z.
AU  - Patzkowsky, M. E.
T1  - Rapid recovery from the Late Ordovician mass extinction.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2004/12/21/
VL  - 101
IS  - 51
M3  - Article
SP  - 17605
EP  - 17610
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Understanding the evolutionary role of mass extinctions requires detailed knowledge of postextinction recoveries. However, most models of recovery hinge on a direct reading of the fossil record, and several recent studies have suggested that the fossil record is especially incomplete for recovery intervals immediately after mass extinctions. Here, we analyze a database of genus occurrences for the paleocontinent of Laurentia to determine the effects of regional processes on recovery and the effects of variations in preservation and sampling intensity on perceived diversity trends and taxonomic rates during the Late Ordovician mass extinction and Early Silurian recovery. After accounting for variation in sampling intensity, we find that marine benthic diversity in Laurentia recovered to preextinction levels within 5 million years, which is nearly 15 million years sooner than suggested by global compilations. The rapid turnover in Laurentia suggests that processes such as immigration may have been particularly important in the recovery of regional ecosystems from environmental perturbations. However, additional regional studies and a global analysis of the Late Ordovician mass extinction that accounts for variations in sampling intensity are necessary to confirm this pattern. Because the record of Phanerozoic mass extinctions and postextinction recoveries may be compromised by variations in preservation and sampling intensity, all should be reevaluated with sampling-standardized analyses if the evolutionary role of mass extinctions is to be fully understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTINCTION (Biology)
KW  - FOSSILS
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - POPULATION biology
KW  - diversity
KW  - Sikirian
N1  - Accession Number: 15603629; Krug, A. Z. 1; Email Address: akrug@geosc.psu.edu Patzkowsky, M. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.; Source Info: 12/21/2004, Vol. 101 Issue 51, p17605; Subject Term: EXTINCTION (Biology); Subject Term: FOSSILS; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: POPULATION biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: diversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sikirian; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0405199102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaworske, Donald A.
AU  - Raack, Taylor
T1  - Cermet coatings for solar Stirling space power
JO  - Thin Solid Films
JF  - Thin Solid Films
Y1  - 2004/12/22/
VL  - 469/470
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 30
SN  - 00406090
AB  - Abstract: Cermet coatings, molecular mixtures of metal and ceramic, are being considered for the heat inlet surface of a solar Stirling space power convertor. The role of the cermet coating is to absorb as much of the incident solar energy as possible. The ability to mix metal and ceramic at the atomic level offers the opportunity to tailor the composition and the solar absorptance of these coatings. Several candidate cermet coatings were created and their solar absorptance was characterized as-manufactured and after exposure to elevated temperatures. Coating composition was purposely varied through the thickness of the coating. As a consequence of changing composition, islands of metal are thought to form in the ceramic matrix. Computer modeling indicated that diffusion of the metal atoms played an important role in island formation while the ceramic was important in locking the islands in place. Much of the solar spectrum is absorbed as it passes through this labyrinth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin Solid Films is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - FINISHES & finishing
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - Ceramic matrix
KW  - Cermet coatings
KW  - Solar Stirling space power
N1  - Accession Number: 15819460; Jaworske, Donald A. 1; Email Address: Donald.A.Jaworske@nasa.gov Raack, Taylor 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 309-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 469/470, p24; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: FINISHES & finishing; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cermet coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar Stirling space power; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238390 Other Building Finishing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.06.181
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU  - Kirkpatrick, Michael P.
AU  - Stevens, David E.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2004/12/23/
VL  - 432
IS  - 7020
M3  - Article
SP  - 1014
EP  - 1017
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Some of the global warming from anthropogenic greenhouse gases is offset by increased reflection of solar radiation by clouds with smaller droplets that form in air polluted with aerosol particles that serve as cloud condensation nuclei. The resulting cooling tendency, termed the indirect aerosol forcing, is thought to be comparable in magnitude to the forcing by anthropogenic CO2, but it is difficult to estimate because the physical processes that determine global aerosol and cloud populations are poorly understood. Smaller cloud droplets not only reflect sunlight more effectively, but also inhibit precipitation, which is expected to result in increased cloud water. Such an increase in cloud water would result in even more reflective clouds, further increasing the indirect forcing. Marine boundary-layer clouds polluted by aerosol particles, however, are not generally observed to hold more water. Here we simulate stratocumulus clouds with a fluid dynamics model that includes detailed treatments of cloud microphysics and radiative transfer. Our simulations show that the response of cloud water to suppression of precipitation from increased droplet concentrations is determined by a competition between moistening from decreased surface precipitation and drying from increased entrainment of overlying air. Only when the overlying air is humid or droplet concentrations are very low does sufficient precipitation reach the surface to allow cloud water to increase with droplet concentrations. Otherwise, the response of cloud water to aerosol-induced suppression of precipitation is dominated by enhanced entrainment of overlying dry air. In this scenario, cloud water is reduced as droplet concentrations increase, which diminishes the indirect climate forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVAPORATION (Meteorology)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 15441038; Ackerman, Andrew S. 1; Email Address: andrew.ackeman@nasa.gov Kirkpatrick, Michael P. 2 Stevens, David E. 3 Toon, Owen B. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia  3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94552, USA  4: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA; Source Info: 12/23/2004, Vol. 432 Issue 7020, p1014; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03174
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertone, Paul
AU  - Stole, Viktor
AU  - Royce, Thomas E.
AU  - Rozowsky, Joel S.
AU  - Urban, Alexander E.
AU  - Zhu, Xiaowei
AU  - Rinn, John L.
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Samanta, Manoj
AU  - Weissman, Sherman
AU  - Gerstein, Mark
AU  - Snyder, Michael
T1  - Global Identification of Human Transcribed Sequences with Genome Tiling Arrays.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2004/12/24/
VL  - 306
IS  - 5705
M3  - Article
SP  - 2242
EP  - 2246
PB  - American Association for the Advancement of Science
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Elucidating the transcribed regions of the genome constitutes afundamental aspect of human biology, yet this remains an outstandingproblem. To comprehensively identify coding sequences, we constructed aseries of highdensity oligonucleotide tiling arrays representing senseand antisense strands of the entire nonrepetitive sequence of the humangenome. Transcribed sequences were located across the genome viahybridization to complementary DNA samples, reverse-transcribed frompolyadenylated RNA obtained from human liver tissue. In addition toidentifying many known and predicted genes, we found 10,595 transcribedsequences not detected by other methods. A large fraction of these arelocated in intergenic regions distal from previously annotated genes andexhibit significant homology to other mammalian proteins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENOMES
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION
KW  - HUMAN biology
KW  - HUMAN chromosomes
KW  - HOMOLOGY (Biology)
KW  - RNA
N1  - Accession Number: 15601818; Bertone, Paul 1 Stole, Viktor 1,2 Royce, Thomas E. 3 Rozowsky, Joel S. 3 Urban, Alexander E. 1 Zhu, Xiaowei 1 Rinn, John L. 3 Tongprasit, Waraporn 4 Samanta, Manoj 2 Weissman, Sherman 5 Gerstein, Mark 3; Email Address: mark.gerstein@yale.edu Snyder, Michael 1,3; Email Address: michaeLsnyder@yale.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA.  4: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94087, USA  5: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8005, USA.; Source Info: 12/24/2004, Vol. 306 Issue 5705, p2242; Subject Term: GENOMES; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION; Subject Term: HUMAN biology; Subject Term: HUMAN chromosomes; Subject Term: HOMOLOGY (Biology); Subject Term: RNA; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3292
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shemesh
AU  - D.
AU  - Chaban
AU  - G. M.
AU  - Gerber
AU  - R. B.
T1  - Photoionization Dynamics of Glycine:  The First 10 Picoseconds.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2004/12/30/
VL  - 108
IS  - 52
M3  - Article
SP  - 11477
EP  - 11484
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Single photon ionization dynamics of glycine is studied by classical trajectory simulations using the semiempirical PM3 potential surface in on the fly calculations. The glycine conformer is assumed to be in the vibrational ground state prior to ionization. Initial conditions for the trajectories are weighted according to the Wigner distribution function computed for that state. Vertical ionization in the spirit of the classical Franck-Condon principle is assumed. The main findings are as follows:  (1) The photoionization triggers a fast internal rotation about the C-C bond, with the NH2 group rotating in one direction, and the COOH group rotating in the opposite direction. For the trajectories where the fast rotation occurs, it persists till the end of the simulation (10 ps). The yield for this process is about 6%, suggesting it may be experimentally observable. (2) For many of the trajectories, the photoproduced glycine ion exhibits hops between two conformer structures. The rates computed from the dynamics for these conformational transitions differ considerably from RRK predictions. (3) Different behavior of vibrational energy flow is found for different types of modes. There is no significant approach to statistical distribution of the energy throughout the first 10 picoseconds. (4) The preferred dissociation channel is the C-C bond cleavage. Indeed, fragmentation is observed for a few trajectories, one of them shows H atom hopping from the amino group to the carbonyl group prior to dissociation. Another trajectory shows only this hydrogen transfer and the transfer back. Possible experimental implications of some of the findings are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLYCINE
KW  - ACETIC acid
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 16818016; Shemesh D. 1 Chaban G. M. 1 Gerber R. B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physical Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Department of Chemistry, University of California—Irvine, Irvine, California 92697; Source Info: Dec2004, Vol. 108 Issue 52, p11477; Subject Term: GLYCINE; Subject Term: ACETIC acid; Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lemmerman, Loren
AU  - Raymond, Carol
AU  - Shotwell, Robert
AU  - Chase, James
AU  - Bhasin, Kul
AU  - Connerton, Robert
T1  - Advanced platform technologies for Earth science
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 56
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 208
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Historically, Earth science investigations have been independent and highly focused. However, the Earth''s environment is a very dynamic and interrelated system and to understand it, significant improvements in spatial and temporal observations will be required. Science needs to document the need for constellations to achieve desired spatial and temporal observations. A key element envisioned for accomplishing these difficult challenges is the idea of a distributed, heterogeneous, and adaptive observing system or sensor web. This paper focuses on one possible approach based on a LEO constellation composed of 100 spacecraft. A cost analysis has been done to indicate the financial pressures of each mission phase and conclusions are drawn suggesting that new technology investments are needed, directed toward lowering production costs; that operations costs will need to be reduced through autonomy; and that, of the on-board subsystems considered, advanced power generation and management may be the most enabling of new technologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - AERONAUTICS in earth sciences
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 15549857; Lemmerman, Loren 1 Raymond, Carol 1 Shotwell, Robert 1 Chase, James 1 Bhasin, Kul 2 Connerton, Robert 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 56 Issue 1/2, p199; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS in earth sciences; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.09.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sheridan, Patrick
AU  - Arnott, W.
AU  - Ogren, John
AU  - Andrews, Elisabeth
AU  - Atkinson, Dean
AU  - Covert, David
AU  - Moosmüller, Hans
AU  - Petzold, Andreas
AU  - Schmid, Beat
AU  - Strawa, Anthony
AU  - Varma, Ravi
AU  - Virkkula, Aki
T1  - The Reno Aerosol Optics Study: An Evaluation of Aerosol Absorption Measurement Methods.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 02786826
AB  - The Reno Aerosol Optics Study (RAOS) was designed and conducted to compare the performance of many existing and new instruments for the in situ measurement of aerosol optical properties with a focus on the determination of aerosol light absorption. For this study, simple test aerosols of black and white particles were generated and combined in external mixtures under low relative humidity conditions and delivered to each measurement system. The aerosol mixing and delivery system was constantly monitored using particle counters and nephelometers to ensure that the same aerosol number concentration and amount reached the different instruments. The aerosol light-scattering measurements of four different nephelometers were compared, while the measurements of seven light-absorption instruments (5 filter based, 2 photoacoustic) were evaluated. Four methods for determining the aerosol light-extinction coefficient (3 cavity ring-down instruments and 1 folded-path optical extinction cell) were also included in the comparisons. An emphasis was placed on determining the representativeness of the filter-based light absorption methods, since these are used widely and because major corrections to the raw attenuation measurements are known to be required. The extinction measurement from the optical extinction cell was compared with the scattering measurement from a high-sensitivity integrating nephelometer on fine, nonabsorbing ammonium sulfate aerosols, and the two were found to agree closely (within 1%for blue and green wavelengths and 2%for red). The wavelength dependence of light absorption for small kerosene and diesel soot particles was found to be very nearλ - 1 , the theoretical small-particle limit. Larger, irregularly shaped graphite particles showed widely variable wavelength dependencies over several graphite runs. The light-absorption efficiency at a wavelength of 530 nm for pure kerosene soot with a number size distribution peak near 0.3μm diameter was found to be 7.5±1.2 m 2 g - 1 . The two most fundamental independent absorption methods used in this study were photoacoustic absorption and the difference between suspended-state light extinction and scattering, and these showed excellent agreement (typically within a few percent) on mixed black/white aerosols, with the photoacoustic measurement generally slightly lower. Excellent agreement was also observed between some filter-based light-absorption measurements and the RAOS reference absorption method. For atmospherically relevant levels of the aerosol light-absorption coefficient (< 25 Mm − 1 ), the particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP) absorption measurement at mid-visible wavelengths agreed with the reference absorption measurement to within&nvsim;11%for experiment tests on externally mixed kerosene soot and ammonium sulfate. At higher absorption levels (characterized by lower single-scattering albedo aerosol tests), this agreement worsened considerably, most likely due to an inadequate filter loading correction used for the PSAP. The PSAP manufacturer's filter loading correction appears to do an adequate job of correcting the PSAP absorption measurement at aerosol single-scattering albedos above 0.80–0.85, which representsmost atmospheric aerosols, but it does a progressively worse job at lower single-scattering albedos. A new filter-based light-absorption photometer was also evaluated in RAOS, the multiangle absorption photometer (MAAP), which uses a two-stream radiative transfer model to determine the filter and aerosol scattering effects for a better calculation of the absorption coefficient. The MAAP absorption measurements agreed with the reference absorption measurements closely (linear regression slope of&nvsim;0.99) for all experimental tests on externally mixed kerosene soot and ammonium sulfate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - LIGHT absorption
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 15496355; Sheridan, Patrick 1 Arnott, W. 2 Ogren, John 1 Andrews, Elisabeth 3 Atkinson, Dean 4 Covert, David 5 Moosmüller, Hans 2 Petzold, Andreas 6 Schmid, Beat 7 Strawa, Anthony 8 Varma, Ravi 2 Virkkula, Aki 9; Affiliation:  1: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado, USA  2: Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada, USA  3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA  5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA  6: Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft-und Raumfahrt, Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany  7: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  9: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research, Sahaajankatu, Helsinki, Finland; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: LIGHT absorption; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: LIGHT; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
AU  - Karagozian, A.
T1  - Ninety-Degree Acoustic Spectrum of a High-Speed Air Jet.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 96
EP  - 102
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Tam and Auriault successfully predicted the acoustic spectrum at 90 deg to the axis of a high-speed air jet by using an acoustic equation derived from ad hoc kinetic theory-type arguments. It is shown that similar predictions can be obtained by using a rigorous acoustic analogy approach together with actual measurements of the relevant acoustic source correlations. This puts the result on a firmer basis and enables its extension to new situations and to the prediction of sound at other observation angles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR jets
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SOUND
KW  - KINETIC theory of matter
N1  - Accession Number: 15860884; Goldstein, M. E. 1,2 Karagozian, A.; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Engineer, Research and Technology Directorate; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p96; Subject Term: AIR jets; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: KINETIC theory of matter; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meador, William E.
AU  - Smart, Michael K.
AU  - Sichel, M.
T1  - Reference Enthalpy Method Developed from Solutions of the Boundary-Layer Equations.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 139
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A simple average of local enthalpy over the velocity profile is proposed as the proper definition of reference enthalpy for the purpose of quasi-one-dimensional treatment of compressible boundary layers. Use of Van Driest's nearly exact solutions of the laminar boundary-layer equations shows that this definition produces Eckert's reference enthalpy formulation for the special case of an adiabatic wall. For surfaces other than adiabatic, either Eckert's form should be replaced by that of Young and Janssen, or the coefficient in Eckert's viscous heating term should be slightly modified. A similar analysis was conducted for turbulent flows using Whitfield and High's simplified solutions of the turbulent boundary-layer equations. Dorrance's derivation Of reference quantities is also addressed. This work provides a theoretical basis for the empirical reference enthalpy formulas of Eckert and others and supplies practical expressions for the reference enthalpy of both laminar and turbulent compressible boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - SPEED
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 15860888; Meador, William E. 1 Smart, Michael K. 1,2 Sichel, M.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Engineer, Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion Branch; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p135; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Cerny, Jennifer A.
T1  - HTCMC-5 HIGHLIGHTS.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 84
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 47
PB  - American Ceramic Society
SN  - 00027812
AB  - Highlights the 5th International Conference on High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites hosted by ACers which was held in Seattle,Washington. Event description; Theme; Attendees; Topics discussed.
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - SEATTLE (Wash.)
KW  - WASHINGTON (State)
N1  - Accession Number: 15835891; Singh, Mrityunjay 1 Cerny, Jennifer A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 84 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: SEATTLE (Wash.); Subject Term: WASHINGTON (State); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Globus, R. K.
AU  - Amblard, D.
AU  - Nishimurav, Y.
AU  - Iwaniec, U. T.
AU  - Kim, J.-B.
AU  - Almeida, E. A. C.
AU  - Damsky, C. D.
AU  - Wronski, T. J.
AU  - van der Meulen, M. C. H.
T1  - Skeletal Phenotype of Growing Transgenic Mice that Express a Function-Perturbing Form of ß1 Integrin in Osteoblasts.
JO  - Calcified Tissue International
JF  - Calcified Tissue International
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 76
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 49
SN  - 0171967X
AB  - Skeletal modeling entails the deposition of large amounts of extracellular matrix (ECM) to form structures tailored to withstand increasing mechanical loads during rapid growth. Specific ECM molecules bind to integrin receptors on the cell surface, thereby triggering a cascade of signaling events that affect critical cell functions. To evaluate the role of integrins during skeletal growth, transgenic mice were engineered to express a function-perturbing fragment of ß1 integrin consisting of the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail under the control of the osteocalcin promoter (TG mice). Thus, transgene expression was targeted to mature cells of the osteoblast lineage, and herein we show that cultured cells resembling osteocytes from 90-day-old TG mice display impaired adhesion to collagen I, a ligand for ß1 integrin. To determine the influence of ß1 integrin on bones that are responsible for providing structural support during periods of rapid growth, we examined the phenotype of the appendicular skeleton in TG mice compared to wild type (WT) mice. According to radiographs, bones from mice of both genotypes between 14 and 90 days of age appeared similar in gross structure and density, although proximal tibiae from 35-90 days old TG mice were less curved than those of WT mice (72-92% TG/WT). Although there were only mild and transient differences in absolute bone mass and strength, once normalized to body mass, the tibial dry mass (79.1% TG/WT females), ash mass (78.5% TG/WT females), and femoral strength in torsion (71.6% TG/WT females) were reduced in TG mice compared to WT mice at 90 days of age. Similar effects of genotype on bone mass and curvature were observed in 1-year-old retired breeders, indicating that these phenotypic differences between TG and WT mice were stable well into adulthood. Effects of genotype on histomorphometric indices of cancellous bone turnover were minimal and evident only transiently during growth, but when present they demonstrated differences in osteoblast rather than osteoclast parameters. Together, these results suggest that integrin signals generated during growth enhance the acquisition of a skeletal mass, structure, and strength to withstand the mechanical loads generated by weight-bearing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Calcified Tissue International is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins
KW  - GENETIC polymorphisms
KW  - CELL membranes
KW  - BONE cells
KW  - TRANSGENIC mice
KW  - CELLS
N1  - Accession Number: 15806109; Globus, R. K. 1,2; Email Address: Ruth.K.Globus@NASA.gov Amblard, D. 1,2 Nishimurav, Y. Iwaniec, U. T. 3 Kim, J.-B. 2 Almeida, E. A. C. 1,2 Damsky, C. D. 2 Wronski, T. J. 3 van der Meulen, M. C. H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.  2: Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94035, USA.  3: Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.  4: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 76 Issue 1, p39; Subject Term: EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins; Subject Term: GENETIC polymorphisms; Subject Term: CELL membranes; Subject Term: BONE cells; Subject Term: TRANSGENIC mice; Subject Term: CELLS; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00223-004-0309-4
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaier, James R.
AU  - Ditmars, Nora F.
AU  - Dillon, Andrea R.
T1  - Aqueous electrochemical intercalation of bromine into graphite fibers
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 189
EP  - 193
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: For the first time, graphite fibers have been electrochemically intercalated with Br− that have the same structure and properties as those intercalated from vapor phase Br2. This was accomplished by intercalating pitch-based Thornel® K-1100 graphite fibers at low temperature (near 0°C) and high currents (2A) for long times (6h). The mechanism appears to be that Br− is oxidized to aqueous Br2 which, when sufficient local concentration builds up, intercalates the fiber. This was confirmed by intercalating K-1100 fiber in a saturated aqueous Br2 solution without passing an electrical current. The applied voltage does apparently lower the activation energy of the reaction as evidenced by the observation that P-120 and P-100 fibers will not intercalate in aqueous Br2 unless a voltage is applied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHITE fibers
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - INORGANIC fibers
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - A. Carbon fibers
KW  - B. Electrochemical treatment, Intercalation
KW  - D. Electrical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 15800361; Gaier, James R. 1; Email Address: james.r.gaier@nasa.gov Ditmars, Nora F. 2 Dillon, Andrea R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland OH 44135, USA  2: Manchester College, North Manchester, IN 46962, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p189; Subject Term: GRAPHITE fibers; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: INORGANIC fibers; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Carbon fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Electrochemical treatment, Intercalation; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Electrical properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.09.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, S.R.
AU  - Bansal, N.P.
T1  - Mechanical behavior of zirconia/alumina composites
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 46
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Zirconia/alumina composites were fabricated by hot pressing 10 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (10-YSZ) reinforced with 0–30 mol% alumina particulates or platelets. Flexure strength and fracture toughness of both particulate and platelet composites increased with increasing alumina content. For a given alumina content, strength of particulate composites was greater than that of platelet composites; whereas, difference in fracture toughness between the two composite systems was negligible. No difference in elastic modulus and density was observed for a given alumina content between particulate and platelet composites. Thermal cycling up to 10 cycles between 200 and 1000 °C did not show any strength degradation of the 30 mol% platelet composites, indicative of negligible influence of coefficient-of-thermal-expansion mismatch between YSZ and alumina grains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - ALUMINATES
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - BLOOD platelets
KW  - B. Composites
KW  - C. Hardness
KW  - C. Mechanical properties
KW  - C. Strength
KW  - D. Al2O3
KW  - D. ZrO2
N1  - Accession Number: 14972918; Choi, S.R.; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Bansal, N.P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p39; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: ALUMINATES; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: BLOOD platelets; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Hardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Al2O3; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. ZrO2; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.03.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaban, Galina M.
T1  - Theoretical study of chemical compounds formed by insertion of rare gas atoms into glycine molecule: a step towards bio-rare gas chemistry?
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 401
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 318
EP  - 322
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: Stability, structural and vibrational properties of compounds where an Rg atom (Xe, Kr, or Ar) is inserted into different bonds of glycine molecule are investigated using accurate ab initio methods. The most stable configuration is found to correspond to insertion of Rg atoms into the O glycine. These NH2CH2COORgH compounds are metastable, but separated from the Rg+glycine dissociation products by significant potential barriers. Preliminary calculations show that NH2CH2COOXeH compound may be energetically stable with respect to the three-body dissociation (H+Rg+NH2CH2CO2), while the corresponding Ar compound is energetically unstable in this respect. The compound with the inserted Kr is a borderline case, with the three-body dissociation products close in energy to the NH2CH2COOKrH minimum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLYCINE
KW  - ACETIC acid
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 15646995; Chaban, Galina M. 1; Email Address: chaban@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, TNA, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 401 Issue 1-3, p318; Subject Term: GLYCINE; Subject Term: ACETIC acid; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.11.065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kojima, Jun
AU  - Ikeda, Yuji
AU  - Nakajima, Tsuyoshi
T1  - Basic aspects of OH(A), CH(A), and C2(d) chemiluminescence in the reaction zone of laminar methane–air premixed flames
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 140
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 45
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Detailed spatial intensity profiles of OH(A), CH(A), and C2(d) chemiluminescence in the reaction zone were revealed in “two-dimensional” laminar premixed flames (–1.5) using spatially resolved emission measurements with a resolution-enhanced Cassegrain-type optical probe. A numerical simulation of one-dimensional laminar premixed flames using the PREMIX code, with GRI-Mech 3.0 incorporating with reaction and quenching kinetics for OH(A), CH(A), and C2(d), was compared with the experimental result. The measured and simulated profiles showed reasonable agreement in shape, peak location, emission zone thickness, and peak-intensity variation in fuel-lean and stoichiometric flames. We found disagreement between the experimental and numerical results under fuel-rich conditions, which likely resulted from incomplete C2(d) chemistry used in the present study. Stoichiometry dependence of chemiluminescence peak-intensity ratio, OH(A)/CH(A), observed experimentally was clearly supported by the simulated result. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMILUMINESCENCE
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - Chemiluminescence
KW  - Combustion diagnostics
KW  - Laminar flame
KW  - Premixed flame
N1  - Accession Number: 15670766; Kojima, Jun 1; Email Address: jun.kojima@grc.nasa.gov Ikeda, Yuji 2 Nakajima, Tsuyoshi 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 140 Issue 1/2, p34; Subject Term: CHEMILUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemiluminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Premixed flame; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.10.002
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dehler, C.M.
AU  - Elrick, M.
AU  - Bloch, J.D.
AU  - Crossey, L.J.
AU  - Karlstrom, K.E.
AU  - Des Marais, D.J.
T1  - High-resolution δ13C stratigraphy of the Chuar Group (ca. 770-742 Ma), Grand Canyon: Implications for mid-Neoproterozoic climate change.
JO  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
JF  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
Y1  - 2005/01//Jan/Feb2005
VL  - 117
IS  - 1-2
M3  - Article
SP  - 32
EP  - 45
SN  - 00167606
AB  - A high-resolution C-isotope record based on δ13Corgfrom organic-rich shales and δ13Ccarb from dolomites in the ca. 770-742 Ma cub Chuar Group provides important new data for evaluating the significance of large-magnitude C-isotope anomalies in Neoproterozoic climate change. Three successive, large-magnitude isotopic excursions (8-15‰) are interpreted to represent primary seawater values based on a series of diagenetic tests, and they are not associated with evidence of significant long-term (106-107 m.y.) sea-level change nor glaciomarine deposits. Intrabasinal correlation of δ13Corg values suggests that most org Chuar shales record primary values and is consistent with previously reported H/C ratios of >0.49 indicating that Chuar shales experienced minimal thermal alteration. Although some Chuar dolomites reveal early diagenetic alteration, their δ13Cdol values typically fall near those of coeval "least-altered" dolomites or organic-rich shales (relative to dolomite values). The Chuar carbon record is interpreted to reflect predominantly primary organic carbon δ13C values and contains sufficient primary carbonate δ13C data to use for calculating Δδ13CC values and for comparison with other mid-Neoproterozoic successions. The Chuar δ13C shifts are in phase with dolomite-poor/dolomite-rich lithostratigraphic sequences and with shale petrologic and mineralogical trends. These data sets collectively indicate long-term (my.-scale) wetter-to-drier climate change and concomitant low-ampli- tude sea-level change. The Chuar basin may be a proxy for mid-Neoproterozoic low- latitude basins that accommodated signifi- cant organic carbon burial during this time. Models for other Neoproterozoic long-term 8'3C anomalies may not require significant continental (and) or low-latitude glaciation as a mechanism for generating large-magnitude C-isotope shifts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Society of America Bulletin is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - GRAND Canyon (Ariz.)
KW  - C-isotope record
KW  - Chuar Group
KW  - climate change
KW  - Grand Canyon
KW  - lithostratigraphy
KW  - Neoproterozoic
KW  - shale geochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 16052852; Dehler, C.M. 1; Email Address: chuaria@cc.usu.edu Elrick, M. 2 Bloch, J.D. 2 Crossey, L.J. 2 Karlstrom, K.E. 2 Des Marais, D.J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology, Utah State University, 4505 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-4505, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1116, USA  3: Mail Stop 239-4, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2005, Vol. 117 Issue 1-2, p32; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: GRAND Canyon (Ariz.); Author-Supplied Keyword: C-isotope record; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chuar Group; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grand Canyon; Author-Supplied Keyword: lithostratigraphy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neoproterozoic; Author-Supplied Keyword: shale geochemistry; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/B25471.1
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Yelle, Roger V.
AU  - Young, Richard
AU  - Seiff, Alvin
AU  - Kirk, Donn B.
T1  - Gravity waves in Jupiter's stratosphere, as measured by the Galileo ASI experiment
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 173
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 199
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The temperatures in Jupiter''s stratosphere, as measured by the Galileo Atmosphere Structure Instrument (ASI), show fluctuations that have been interpreted as gravity waves. We present a detailed description of these fluctuations, showing that they are not likely to be due to either measurement error or isotropic turbulence. These fluctuations share features with gravity waves observed in the terrestrial middle atmosphere, including the shape and amplitude of the power spectrum of temperature with respect to vertical wavenumber. Under the gravity wave interpretation, we find that wave heating or cooling is likely to be important in Jupiter''s upper stratosphere and unimportant in the lower stratosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - atmosphere (Jupiter)
KW  - dynamics (Atmospheres)
N1  - Accession Number: 16137078; Young, Leslie A. 1; Email Address: layoung@boulder.swri.edu Yelle, Roger V. 2 Young, Richard 3 Seiff, Alvin 3 Kirk, Donn B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: 37465 Riverside Dr., Pleasant Hill, OR 97455, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 173 Issue 1, p185; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere (Jupiter); Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamics (Atmospheres); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.07.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moody, Eric G.
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - Schaaf, Crystal B.
AU  - Gao, Feng
T1  - Spatially Complete Global Spectral Surface Albedos: Value-Added Datasets Derived From Terra MODIS Land Products.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 158
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Recent production of land surface anisotropy, diffuse bihemispherical (white-sky) albedo, and direct-beam directional hemispherical (black-sky) albedo from observations acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Terra and Aqua satellite platforms have provided researchers with unprecedented spatial, spectral, and temporal information on the land surface's radiative characteristics. Cloud cover, which curtails retrievals, and the presence of ephemeral and seasonal snow limit the snow-free data to approximately half the global land surfaces on an annual equal-angle basis. This precludes the MOD43B3 albedo products from being used in some remote sensing and ground-based applications, climate models, and global change research projects. An ecosystem-dependent temporal interpolation technique is described that has been developed to fill missing or seasonally snow-covered data in the official MOD43B3 albedo product. The method imposes pixel-level and local regional ecosystem-dependent phenological behavior onto retrieved pixel temporal data in such a way as to maintain pixel-level spatial and spectral detail and integrity. The phenological curves are derived from statistics based on the MODIS MOD12Q1 IGBP land cover classification product geolocated with the MOD43B3 data. The resulting snow-free value-added products provide the scientific community with spatially and temporally complete global white-and black-sky surface albedo maps and statistics. These products are stored on 1-mm and coarser resolution equal-angle grids and are computed for the first seven MODIS wavelengths, ranging from 0.47-2.1 μm and for three broadband wavelengths 0.3-0.7, 0.3-5.0, and 0.7-5.0 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 15937785; Moody, Eric G. 1; Email Address: moody@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov King, Michael D. 2 Platnick, Steven 2 Schaaf, Crystal B. 3 Gao, Feng 3; Affiliation:  1: L-3 Communications Government Services, Inc., Vienna, VA 22180 USA  2: Earth Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  3: Center for Remote Sensing, Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA.; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p144; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.838359
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BRYSON, STEVE
AU  - KURGANOV, ALEXANDER
AU  - LEVY, DORON
AU  - PETROVA, GUERGANA
T1  - Semi-discrete central-upwind schemes with reduced dissipation for Hamilton-Jacobi equations.
JO  - IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis
JF  - IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 113
EP  - 138
SN  - 02724979
AB  - We introduce a new family of Godunov-type semi-discrete central schemes for multidimensional Hamilton-Jacobi equations. These schemes are a less dissipative generalization of the central-upwind schemes that have been recently proposed in Kurganov, Noelle and Petrova (2001, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 23, pp. 707-740). We provide the details of the new family of methods in one, two, and three space dimensions, and then verify their expected low-dissipative property in a variety of examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAMILTON-Jacobi equations
KW  - CALCULUS of variations
KW  - DISCRETE groups
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - central-upwind schemes
KW  - Hamilton--Jacobi equations
KW  - semi-discrete methods
N1  - Accession Number: 45264654; BRYSON, STEVE 1; Email Address: bryson@nas.nasa.gov KURGANOV, ALEXANDER 2; Email Address: kurganov@math.tulane.edu LEVY, DORON 3; Email Address: dlevy@math.stanford.edu PETROVA, GUERGANA 4; Email Address: gpetrova@math.tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Programme in Scientific Computing/Computational Mathematics, Stanford University and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70115, USA  3: Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2125, USA  4: Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3368, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p113; Subject Term: HAMILTON-Jacobi equations; Subject Term: CALCULUS of variations; Subject Term: DISCRETE groups; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: central-upwind schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hamilton--Jacobi equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: semi-discrete methods; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/imanum/drh015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Gilat, Amos
T1  - Implementation of an Associative Flow Rule Including Hydrostatic Stress Effects into the High Strain Rate Deformation Analysis of Polymer Matrix Composites.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 27
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A previously developed analytical formulation has been modified in order to more accurately account for the effects of hydrostatic stresses on the nonlinear, strain rate dependent deformation of polymer matrix composites. State variable constitutive equations originally developed for metals have been modified in order to model the nonlinear, strain rate dependent deformation of polymeric materials. To account for the effects of hydrostatic stresses, which are significant in polymers, the classical J2 plasticity theory definitions of effective stress and effective inelastic strain, along with the equations used to compute the components of the inelastic strain rate tensor, are appropriately modified. To verify the revised formulation, the shear and tensile deformation of a representative polymer are computed across a wide range of strain rates. Results computed using the developed constitutive equations correlate well with experimental data. The polymer constitutive equations are implemented within a strength of materials based micromechanics method to predict the nonlinear, strain rate dependent deformation of polymer matrix composites. The composite mechanics are verified by analyzing the deformation of a representative polymer matrix composite for several fiber orientation angles across a variety of strain rates. The computed values compare well to experimentally obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROSTATIC pressure
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Constitutive equations
KW  - Deformation analysis
KW  - Hydrostatic pressure
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Strain rate
N1  - Accession Number: 15382517; Goldberg, Robert K. 1 Roberts, Gary D. 2 Gilat, Amos 3; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Materials Research Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Ohio State Univ., 206 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p18; Subject Term: HYDROSTATIC pressure; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constitutive equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deformation analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrostatic pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain rate; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2005)18:1(18)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
AU  - Klein, Vladislav
T1  - Application of System Identification to Aircraft at NASA Langley Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/01//Jan/Feb2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 25
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The past, present, and future of system identification applied to aircraft at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) in Hampton, Virginia, are discussed. Significant research advances generated at NASA LaRC in the past are summarized, including some perspective on the role these developments played in the practice of system identification applied to aircraft. Selected recent research efforts are described, to give an idea of the type of activities currently being pursued at NASA LaRC. These efforts include real-time parameter estimation, identifying flying qualities models, advanced experiment design and modeling techniques for static wind-tunnel database development, and indicial function identification for unsteady aerodynamic modeling. Projected future developments in the area are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 16304336; Morelli, Eugene A. 1,2 Klein, Vladislav 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, Dynamics and Control Branch, Mail Stop 132, NASA Langley, Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Professor Emeritus, School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jan/Feb2005, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banerjee, Sauvik
AU  - Prosser, William
AU  - Mal, Ajit
T1  - Calculation of the Response of a Composite Plate to Localized Dynamic Surface Loads Using a New Wave Number Integral Method.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 72
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 24
SN  - 00218936
AB  - This study is motivated by the need for an efficient and accurate tool to analyze the wave field produced by localized dynamic sources on the surface or the interior of isotropic plates and anisotropic composite laminates. A semi-analytical method based on the wave number integral representation of the elastodynamic field is described that reduces the overall computational effort significantly over other available methods. This method is used to calculate the guided wave field produced in a thin unidirectional graphite/epoxy composite laminate by a dynamic surface point load. The results are compared with those obtained from a finite element analysis, showing excellent agreement, except for minor differences at higher frequencies. A recently discovered feature of the calculated surface motion, namely, a spatially periodic "phase reversal" of the main pulse with propagation distance, is observed in both cases. The present work is expected to be helpful in developing impact damage monitoring systems in defect-critical structural components through real time analysis of acoustic emission wave forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - STRESS waves
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 16286237; Banerjee, Sauvik 1; Email Address: sauvik@ucla.edu Prosser, William 2; Email Address: w.h.prosser@larc.nasa.gov Mal, Ajit 1; Email Address: ajit@ucla.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1597  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS231, Hampton, VA 23681-0001; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 72 Issue 1, p18; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: STRESS waves; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1828064
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
T1  - The extrapolation of one-electron basis sets in electronic structure calculations: How it should work and how it can be made to work.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/01//1/1/2005
VL  - 122
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 014107
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We consider the extrapolation of the one-electron basis to the basis set limit in the context of coupled cluster calculations. We produce extrapolation coefficients that produce much more accurate results than previous extrapolation forms. These are determined by fitting to accurate benchmark results. For coupled cluster singles doubles energies, we take our benchmark results from the work of Klopper that explicitly includes the interelectronic distance. For the perturbative triples energies, our benchmark results are obtained from large even-tempered basis set calculations. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - MOLECULAR orbitals
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 15495573; Schwenke, David W. 1; Affiliation:  1: MS T27B, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000.; Source Info: 1/1/2005, Vol. 122 Issue 1, p014107; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: MOLECULAR orbitals; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1824880
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stein, T.Peter
AU  - Schluter, Margaret D.
AU  - Galante, Anthony T.
AU  - Soteropoulos, Patricia
AU  - Ramirez, Manuel
AU  - Bigbee, Allison
AU  - Grindeland, Richard E.
AU  - Wade, Charles E.
T1  - Effect of hind limb muscle unloading on liver metabolism of rats
JO  - Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
JF  - Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 16
SN  - 09552863
AB  - Abstract: In response to decreased use, skeletal muscle undergoes an adaptive reductive remodeling. There is a shift in fiber types from slow twitch to fast twitch fiber types. Associated with muscle unloading is an increased reliance on carbohydrate metabolism for energy. The hind limb suspended (HLS) rat model was used as the experimental model to determine whether skeletal muscle unloading had any impact on the liver. We used a combination of actual enzyme assays and microarray mRNA expression to address this question. The GenMAPP program was used to identify altered metabolic pathways. We found that the major changes in the liver with HLS were increases in the expression of genes involved in the generation of energy fuels for export, specifically gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. The expression of mRNA was increased (P<0.05) for three of the four enzymes involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis pathway (pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). Actual assay of enzymatic activity, in μmol · min−1 · mg protein−1 showed G-6-Pase (0.14+0.01 vs 0.17+0.01 P<0.05), fructose 1,6, bisphophosphatase (0.048+0.002 vs 0.054+0.002, P<0.07), and PEPCK (0.031+0.002 vs 0.038+0.012 (P<0.05) to be increased. We conclude that 1) atrophied muscle is not the only tissue to be affected by HLS, as there is also a response by the liver; and 2) the major changes in liver substrate metabolism induced by HLS appear to be limited to glucose and triglyceride production. The increase in glycolytic capacity in disused muscle is paralleled by an increase in glucogenic capacity by the liver. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MUSCLES
KW  - CARBOHYDRATE metabolism
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - MESSENGER RNA
KW  - ENZYMES
KW  - Atrophy
KW  - Gluconeogenesis
KW  - Hind limb unloading
KW  - Muscle disuse
N1  - Accession Number: 15953397; Stein, T.Peter 1; Email Address: tpstein@umdnj.edu Schluter, Margaret D. 1 Galante, Anthony T. 2 Soteropoulos, Patricia 2,3 Ramirez, Manuel 4 Bigbee, Allison 5 Grindeland, Richard E. 4 Wade, Charles E. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–SOM, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA  2: Center for Applied Genomics, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, USA  3: Department of Microbiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey–NJMS, Newark, NJ, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Department of Physiology, University of California–Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p9; Subject Term: MUSCLES; Subject Term: CARBOHYDRATE metabolism; Subject Term: RATS as laboratory animals; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: MESSENGER RNA; Subject Term: ENZYMES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atrophy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gluconeogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hind limb unloading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muscle disuse; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.07.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Hee Mann Yun
AU  - DiCarlo, James A.
T1  - Matrix Cracking in 3D Orthogonal Melt-Infiltrated SiC/SiC Composites with Various Z-Fiber Types.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 88
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 153
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The occurrence of matrix cracks in melt-infiltrated SiC/SiC composites with a three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal architecture was determined at room temperature for specimens tested in tension parallel to the V-direction (perpendicular to Z-bundle weave direction). The fiber types were Sylramic and Sylrainic-iBN in the X- and V-directions and lower modulus ZMI, T300, and rayon in the Z-direction. Acoustic emission (AE) was used to monitor the matrix-cracking activity. For V-direction composites, the A E data were used to determine the location (±0.25 mm) where matrix cracks occurred in the 3D orthogonal architecture. This enabled the determination of the stress-dependent matrix crack distributions for small hut repeatable matrix-rich "unidirectional" and the matrix-poor "cross-ply" regions within the architecture. Matrix cracking initiated at very low stresses ( ∼ 40 MPa) in the "unidirectional" regions for the largest Z-direction fiber tow composites. Decreasing the size of the Z-fiber bundle increased the stress for matrix cracking in the "unidirectional" regions. Matrix cracking was analyzed on the basis that the source for through-thickness matrix cracks (TTMC) originated in the 90 or Z-fiber tows. It was found that matrix cracking in the "cross-ply" regions was very similar to two dimensional cross-woven composites. However, in the "unidirectional" regions, matrix cracking followed a Griffith-type relationship, where the stress-distribution for TTMC was inversely proportional to the square root of the height of the Z-fiber tows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELLULOSE
KW  - SILICA
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - NYLON
KW  - SYNTHETIC fibers
KW  - STRESS waves
N1  - Accession Number: 16190781; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: gmorscher@grc.nasa.gov Hee Mann Yun 1 DiCarlo, James A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientists Residing, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 88 Issue 1, p146; Subject Term: CELLULOSE; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: NYLON; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC fibers; Subject Term: STRESS waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313110 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00029.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kirkpatrick, Andrew W.
AU  - Campbell, Mark R.
AU  - Jones, Jeff A.
AU  - Broderick, Tim J.
AU  - Ball, Chad G.
AU  - McBeth, Paul B.
AU  - McSwain, Norman E.
AU  - Hamilton, Douglas R.
AU  - Holcomb, John B.
T1  - Extraterrestrial hemorrhage control: Terrestrial developments in technique, technology, and philosophy with applicability to traumatic hemorrhage control in long-duration spaceflight
JO  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
JF  - Journal of the American College of Surgeons
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 200
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 76
SN  - 10727515
KW  - crew medical officer ( CMO )
KW  - extravehicular activity ( EVA )
KW  - interventional radiology ( IR )
KW  - minimally invasive surgery ( MIS )
N1  - Accession Number: 17246025; Kirkpatrick, Andrew W. 1 Campbell, Mark R. 2 Jones, Jeff A. Broderick, Tim J. 3 Ball, Chad G. 1 McBeth, Paul B. 1 McSwain, Norman E. 4 Hamilton, Douglas R. 2 Holcomb, John B. 5; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Surgery, and Calgary Brain Institute, Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada  2: Wyle Life Sciences National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX  3: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH  4: Tulane University, New Orleans, LA  5: United States Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 200 Issue 1, p64; Author-Supplied Keyword: crew medical officer ( CMO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: extravehicular activity ( EVA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: interventional radiology ( IR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: minimally invasive surgery ( MIS ); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2004.08.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Miloshevich, Larry M.
AU  - Schmitt, Carl
AU  - Bansemer, Aaron
AU  - Twohy, Cynthia
AU  - Poellot, Michael R.
AU  - Fridlind, Ann
AU  - Gerber, Hermann
T1  - Homogeneous Ice Nucleation in Subtropical and Tropical Convection and Its Influence on Cirrus Anvil Microphysics.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/01//1/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 64
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study uses a unique set of microphysical measurements obtained in a vigorous, convective updraft core at temperatures between -33° and -36°C, together with a microphysical model, to investigate the role of homogeneous ice nucleation in deep tropical convection and how it influences the microphysical properties of the associated cirrus anvils. The core and anvil formed along a sea-breeze front during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL–FACE). The updraft core contained two distinct regions as traversed horizontally: the upwind portion of the core contained droplets of diameter 10–20 μm in concentrations of around 100 cm-3 with updraft speeds of 5–10 m s-1; the downwind portion of the core was glaciated with high concentrations of small ice particles and stronger updrafts of 10–20 m s-1. Throughout the core, rimed particles up to 0.6-cm diameter were observed. The anvil contained high concentrations of both small particles and large aggregates. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the air sampled in the updraft core was mixed with air from higher altitudes that descended along the upwind edge of the cloud in an evaporatively driven downdraft, introducing free-tropospheric cloud condensation nuclei into the updraft below the aircraft sampling height. Farther downwind in the glaciated portion of the core, the entrained air contained high concentrations of ice particles that inhibit droplet formation and homogeneous nucleation. Calculations of droplet and ice particle growth and homogeneous ice nucleation are used to investigate the influence of large ice particles lofted in updrafts from lower levels in this and previously studied tropical ice clouds on the homogeneous nucleation process. The preexisting large ice particles act to suppress homogeneous nucleation through competition via diffusional and accretional growth, mainly when the updrafts are < 5 m s-1. In deep convective updrafts > 5–10 m s-1, the anvil is the depository for the small, radiatively important ice particles (homogeneously nucleated) and the large ice particles from below (heterogeneously or secondarily produced, or recycled). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16009853; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: heyms1@ncar.ucar.edu Miloshevich, Larry M. 1 Schmitt, Carl 1 Bansemer, Aaron 1 Twohy, Cynthia 2 Poellot, Michael R. 3 Fridlind, Ann 4 Gerber, Hermann 5; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvalis, Oregon  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  5: Gerber Scientific Inc., Reston, Virginia; Source Info: 1/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ross, Muriel D.
AU  - Varelas, Joseph
T1  - Synaptic ribbon plasticity, ribbon size and potential regulatory mechanisms in utricular and saccular maculae.
JO  - Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation
JF  - Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
EP  - 30
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 09574271
AB  - The mean number of synaptic ribbons in type II hair cells of the rat utricular macula increased significantly in weightlessness. In contrast, ribbon synapses of saccular type I hair cells displayed a significant decline early inflight and postflight, and a late numerical overshoot. Further study indicated that the saccular macula had less ultrastructural complexly than the utricular. Additionally, synaptic ribbons were statistically larger in type II hair cells of both maculae, apparently a locus-related scaling effect. A major new finding is that mitochondria in calyces and collateral terminals were linked to vesicles, tubules of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and cell membranes by filaments, forming mitochondrial complexes (MCs). MCs predominated basally in the calyx where calyceal/type I hair cell borders were bound by filaments; at calyceal invaginations of type I hair cells; in calyces and collaterals near synaptic ribbon sites; and in collaterals near reciprocal synapses. MCs may participate in feedback mechanisms at these locations to help regulate synaptic ribbon activity and plasticity in altered gravitational environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYNAPSES
KW  - NERVE endings
KW  - NEUROPLASTICITY
KW  - MITOCHONDRIA
KW  - HAIR cells
KW  - RATS
KW  - mitochondrial complexes
KW  - ribbon synapses
KW  - Saccular macula
KW  - synaptic plasticity
KW  - synaptic scaling
KW  - utricular macula
N1  - Accession Number: 16573803; Ross, Muriel D. 1; Email Address: mross@salud.unm.edu Varelas, Joseph 2; Affiliation:  1: The University of New Mexico, Department of Neurosciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131-45223, USA  2: BioVIS Technology Center/Wyle Laboratories, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p17; Subject Term: SYNAPSES; Subject Term: NERVE endings; Subject Term: NEUROPLASTICITY; Subject Term: MITOCHONDRIA; Subject Term: HAIR cells; Subject Term: RATS; Author-Supplied Keyword: mitochondrial complexes; Author-Supplied Keyword: ribbon synapses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saccular macula; Author-Supplied Keyword: synaptic plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: synaptic scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: utricular macula; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 10 Color Photographs, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Love, Gordon D.
AU  - Bowden, Stephen A.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Snape, Colin E.
AU  - Campbell, Christine N.
AU  - Day, John G.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
T1  - A catalytic hydropyrolysis method for the rapid screening of microbial cultures for lipid biomarkers
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 82
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Abstract: A catalytic hydropyrolysis procedure was developed for rapidly assessing the relative abundances and variety of different biomarker lipid structures in microbial cultures by reductively converting free functionalised and polymeric lipids within whole cells into hydrocarbons. High pressure hydrogen gas and a molybdenum catalyst were used to target and cleave carbon–oxygen covalent bonds (particularly ester, alcohol, acid and ether) and the pyrolysis process was conducted in an open-system reactor configuration to minimise structural and stereochemical rearrangements in the products. A revised experimental protocol, involving a modified catalyst-loading procedure, careful use of a silica support substrate and a revised temperature program was tested and optimised for handling biomass. Partial hydrogenation of double bonds inevitably did occur although it was found that some unsaturation was preserved, particularly within branched and polycyclic hydrocarbon structures. This experimental approach aids our ability to optimally correlate fossil biomarker signals found in the sedimentary record with their lipid precursors found in extant organisms. Our technique complements more rigorous, but time-consuming, chemical approaches used for elucidating the exact chemical structures of intact functionalised lipids by providing a rapid means by which to screen microbial cultures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL cultures
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - LIPIDS
N1  - Accession Number: 15447119; Love, Gordon D. 1,2; Email Address: glove@mit.edu Bowden, Stephen A. 2 Jahnke, Linda L. 3 Snape, Colin E. 4 Campbell, Christine N. 5 Day, John G. 5 Summons, Roger E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, E34-550, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA  2: Fossil Fuels and Environmental Geochemistry, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Drummond Building, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: School of Chemical, Environmental and Mining Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK  5: Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Culture Collection of Algae and Protozoa, Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, UK; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p63; Subject Term: MICROBIAL cultures; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.07.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Allison, M.
AU  - Borgarelli, L.
AU  - Encrenaz, P.
AU  - Im, E.
AU  - Janssen, M.
AU  - Johnson, W.
AU  - Kirk, R.
AU  - Lorenz, R.
AU  - Lunine, J.
AU  - Muhleman, D.
AU  - Ostro, S.
AU  - Picardi, G.
AU  - Posa, F.
AU  - Rapley, C.
AU  - Roth, L.
AU  - Seu, R.
AU  - Soderblom, L.
AU  - Vetrella, S.
AU  - Wall, S.
T1  - Radar: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 115
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 110
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Cassini RADAR instrument is a multimode 13.8 GHz multiple-beam sensor that can operate as a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imager, altimeter, scatterometer, and radiometer. The principal objective of the RADAR is to map the surface of Titan. This will be done in the imaging, scatterometer, and radiometer modes. The RADAR altimeter data will provide information on relative elevations in selected areas. Surfaces of the Saturn’s icy satellites will be explored utilizing the RADAR radiometer and scatterometer modes. Saturn’s atmosphere and rings will be probed in the radiometer mode only. The instrument is a joint development by JPL/NASA and ASI. The RADAR design features significant autonomy and data compression capabilities. It is expected that the instrument will detect surfaces with backscatter coefficient as low as -40 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADAR
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - DATA compression (Telecommunication)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - DETECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 16342422; Elachi, C. 1 Allison, M. 2 Borgarelli, L. 3 Encrenaz, P. 4 Im, E. 1 Janssen, M. 1 Johnson, W. 1 Kirk, R. 5 Lorenz, R. 6 Lunine, J. 6 Muhleman, D. 7 Ostro, S. 1 Picardi, G. 8 Posa, F. 9 Rapley, C. 10 Roth, L. 1 Seu, R. 8 Soderblom, L. 5 Vetrella, S. 11 Wall, S. 1; Email Address: stephen.d.wall@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology  2: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration  3: Alenia Aerospazio  4: Observatoire de Paris  5: U. S. Geological Survey  6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona  7: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology  8: Universit’a La Sapienza  9: Dip. Interateneo di Fisica, Politecnico di Bari  10: British Antarctic Survey  11: Facolt’a di Ingegneria; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 115 Issue 1-4, p71; Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: DATA compression (Telecommunication); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: DETECTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-004-1438-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flasar, F.
AU  - Kunde, V.
AU  - Abbas, M.
AU  - Achterberg, R.
AU  - Ade, P.
AU  - Barucci, A.
AU  - B’ezard, B.
AU  - Bjoraker, G.
AU  - Brasunas, J.
AU  - Calcutt, S.
AU  - Carlson, R.
AU  - C’esarsky, C.
AU  - Conrath, B.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Courtin, R.
AU  - Coustenis, A.
AU  - Edberg, S.
AU  - Edgington, S.
AU  - Ferrari, C.
AU  - Fouchet, T.
T1  - Exploring The Saturn System In The Thermal Infrared: The Composite Infrared Spectrometer.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 115
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 297
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) is a remote-sensing Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) on the Cassini orbiter that measures thermal radiation over two decades in wavenumber, from 10 to 1400 cm- 1 (1 mm to 7µ m), with a spectral resolution that can be set from 0.5 to 15.5 cm- 1. The far infrared portion of the spectrum (10-600 cm- 1) is measured with a polarizing interferometer having thermopile detectors with a common 4-mrad field of view (FOV). The middle infrared portion is measured with a traditional Michelson interferometer having two focal planes (600-1100 cm- 1, 1100-1400 cm- 1). Each focal plane is composed of a 1× 10 array of HgCdTe detectors, each detector having a 0.3-mrad FOV. CIRS observations will provide three-dimensional maps of temperature, gas composition, and aerosols/condensates of the atmospheres of Titan and Saturn with good vertical and horizontal resolution, from deep in their tropospheres to high in their mesospheres. CIRS’s ability to observe atmospheres in the limb-viewing mode (in addition to nadir) offers the opportunity to provide accurate and highly resolved vertical profiles of these atmospheric variables. The ability to observe with high-spectral resolution should facilitate the identification of new constituents. CIRS will also map the thermal and compositional properties of the surfaces of Saturn’s icy satellites. It will similarly map Saturn’s rings, characterizing their dynamical and spatial structure and constraining theories of their formation and evolution. The combination of broad spectral range, programmable spectral resolution, the small detector fields of view, and an orbiting spacecraft platform will allow CIRS to observe the Saturnian system in the thermal infrared at a level of detail not previously achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED technology
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - atmospheric composition
KW  - atmospheric dynamics
KW  - atmospheric temperatures
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Saturn
KW  - Saturn’s moons
KW  - Saturn’s rings
KW  - Saturn's moons
KW  - Saturn's rings
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 16342424; Flasar, F. 1; Email Address: f.m.flasar@nasa.gov Kunde, V. 2 Abbas, M. 3 Achterberg, R. 4 Ade, P. 5 Barucci, A. 6 B’ezard, B. 6 Bjoraker, G. 1 Brasunas, J. 1 Calcutt, S. 7 Carlson, R. 4 C’esarsky, C. 8 Conrath, B. 9 Coradini, A. 10 Courtin, R. 6 Coustenis, A. 6 Edberg, S. 11 Edgington, S. 11 Ferrari, C. 12 Fouchet, T. 6; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center  2: Community College of Rhode Island, Newport  3: Marshall Space Flight Center  4: Science Systems and Applications Inc.  5: University of Cardiff  6: Observatoire de Paris-Meudon  7: Oxford University  8: European Southern Observatory  9: Cornell University  10: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  12: CEA/Service d’Astrophysique; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 115 Issue 1-4, p169; Subject Term: INFRARED technology; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn’s moons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn’s rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn's moons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn's rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 129p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-004-1454-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Esposito, Larry
AU  - Barth, Charles
AU  - Colwell, Joshua
AU  - Lawrence, George
AU  - McClintock, William
AU  - Stewart, A.
AU  - Keller, H.
AU  - Korth, Axel
AU  - Lauche, Hans
AU  - Festou, Michel
AU  - Lane, Arthur
AU  - Hansen, Candice
AU  - Maki, Justin
AU  - West, Robert
AU  - Jahn, Herbert
AU  - Reulke, Ralf
AU  - Warlich, Kerstin
AU  - Shemansky, Donald
AU  - Yung, Yuk
T1  - The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Investigation.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 115
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 361
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) is part of the remote sensing payload of the Cassini orbiter spacecraft. UVIS has two spectrographic channels that provide images and spectra covering the ranges from 56 to 118 nm and 110 to 190 nm. A third optical path with a solar blind CsI photocathode is used for high signal-to-noise-ratio stellar occultations by rings and atmospheres. A separate Hydrogen Deuterium Absorption Cell measures the relative abundance of deuterium and hydrogen from their Lyman-a emission. The UVIS science objectives include investigation of the chemistry, aerosols, clouds, and energy balance of the Titan and Saturn atmospheres; neutrals in the Saturn magnetosphere; the deuterium-to-hydrogen (D/H) ratio for Titan and Saturn; icy satellite surface properties; and the structure and evolution of Saturn’s rings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
KW  - Cassini
KW  - rings
KW  - Saturn
KW  - spectroscopy on Titan and on Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 16342425; Esposito, Larry 1; Email Address: larry.esposito@lasp.colorado.edu Barth, Charles 1 Colwell, Joshua 1 Lawrence, George 1 McClintock, William 1 Stewart, A. 1 Keller, H. 2 Korth, Axel 2 Lauche, Hans 2 Festou, Michel 3 Lane, Arthur 4 Hansen, Candice 4 Maki, Justin 4 West, Robert 4 Jahn, Herbert 5 Reulke, Ralf 5 Warlich, Kerstin 5 Shemansky, Donald 6 Yung, Yuk 7; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics  2: Max-Planck-Institut für Aeronomie  3: Observatoire Midi-Pyr’en’ees  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  5: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt, Institut für Weltraumsensorik und Planetenerkundung  6: University of Southern California, Department of Aerospace Engineering  7: California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 115 Issue 1-4, p299; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopy on Titan and on Saturn; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 63p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-004-1455-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Porco, Carolyn
AU  - West, Robert
AU  - Squyres, Steven
AU  - Mcewen, Alfred
AU  - Thomas, Peter
AU  - Murray, Carl
AU  - Delgenio, Anthony
AU  - Ingersoll, Andrew
AU  - Johnson, Torrence
AU  - Neukum, Gerhard
AU  - Veverka, Joseph
AU  - Dones, Luke
AU  - Brahic, Andre
AU  - Burns, Joseph
AU  - Haemmerle, Vance
AU  - Knowles, Benjamin
AU  - Dawson, Douglas
AU  - Roatsch, Thomas
AU  - Beurle, Kevin
AU  - Owen, William
T1  - Cassini Imaging Science: Instrument Characteristics And Anticipated Scientific Investigations At Saturn.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 115
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
EP  - 497
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) is the highest-resolution two-dimensional imaging device on the Cassini Orbiter and has been designed for investigations of the bodies and phenomena found within the Saturnian planetary system. It consists of two framing cameras: a narrow angle, reflecting telescope with a 2-m focal length and a square field of view (FOV) 0.35° across, and a wide-angle refractor with a 0.2-m focal length and a FOV 3.5° across. At the heart of each camera is a charged coupled device (CCD) detector consisting of a 1024 square array of pixels, each 12 µ on a side. The data system allows many options for data collection, including choices for on-chip summing, rapid imaging and data compression. Each camera is outfitted with a large number of spectral filters which, taken together, span the electromagnetic spectrum from 200 to 1100 nm. These were chosen to address a multitude of Saturn-system scientific objectives: sounding the three-dimensional cloud structure and meteorology of the Saturn and Titan atmospheres, capturing lightning on both bodies, imaging the surfaces of Saturn’s many icy satellites, determining the structure of its enormous ring system, searching for previously undiscovered Saturnian moons (within and exterior to the rings), peering through the hazy Titan atmosphere to its yet-unexplored surface, and in general searching for temporal variability throughout the system on a variety of time scales. The ISS is also the optical navigation instrument for the Cassini mission. We describe here the capabilities and characteristics of the Cassini ISS, determined from both ground calibration data and in-flight data taken during cruise, and the Saturn-system investigations that will be conducted with it. At the time of writing, Cassini is approaching Saturn and the images returned to Earth thus far are both breathtaking and promising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - REFLECTING telescopes
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - PLANETARY rings
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Moons
KW  - Rings
KW  - Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 16342426; Porco, Carolyn 1; Email Address: carolyn@ciclops.org West, Robert 2 Squyres, Steven 3 Mcewen, Alfred 4 Thomas, Peter 3 Murray, Carl 5 Delgenio, Anthony 6 Ingersoll, Andrew 7 Johnson, Torrence 2 Neukum, Gerhard 8 Veverka, Joseph 3 Dones, Luke 9 Brahic, Andre 10 Burns, Joseph 3 Haemmerle, Vance 2 Knowles, Benjamin 1 Dawson, Douglas 4 Roatsch, Thomas 11 Beurle, Kevin 5 Owen, William 2; Affiliation:  1: CICLOPS/Space Science Institute  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  3: Cornell University  4: University of Arizona  5: Queen Mary, University of London  6: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies  7: California Institute of Technology  8: Freie UniversitŠt  9: Southwest Research Institute  10: UniversitŽ Paris  11: DLR; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 115 Issue 1-4, p363; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: REFLECTING telescopes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: PLANETARY rings; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 135p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-004-1456-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bugos, Glenn
T1  - To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S. Launch Vehicles.
JO  - Technology & Culture
JF  - Technology & Culture
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 233
EP  - 234
SN  - 0040165X
AB  - Reviews the book "To Reach the High Frontier: A History of U.S. Launch Vehicles," edited by Roger D. Launius and Dennis R. Jenkins.
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - LAUNIUS, Roger D.
KW  - JENKINS, Dennis R.
KW  - TO Reach the High Frontier: A History of US Launch Vehicles (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 17272509; Bugos, Glenn 1; Affiliation:  1: Historian with the Ames Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p233; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: TO Reach the High Frontier: A History of US Launch Vehicles (Book); People: LAUNIUS, Roger D.; People: JENKINS, Dennis R.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGreevy, Michael Wallace
T1  - Approaching Experiential Discourse Iconicity from the Field.
JO  - Text
JF  - Text
Y1  - 2005/01//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 105
SN  - 01654888
AB  - In this paper, experiential discourse iconicity is examined, shown to be useful in practical studies of planetary exploration and aviation safety, and related to the structure of language. In his ‘Philosophy of Rhetoric', first published in 1776, George Campbell oered a bold theory of experiential iconicity in discourse and language that has significant practical value. He asserted that patterns of relatedness among things in the world of experience influence patterns of relatedness among words in discourse and language. This suggests, for example, that the structures of particular experiences can be derived from the structures of corresponding discourses. In Campbell's formulation these structures are networks, which have greater representational power than conventional linear models of experiential iconicity such as that of Enkvist (1981). The experientially iconic nature of practical discourse emerged as an essential resource in studies to support NASA's missions in planetary exploration and aviation safety, leading to development of new search engine technologies called Perilog. A comparison of Campbell's experiential iconicity with Saussure's dichotomies of ‘langue’ versus ‘parole’ and associative versus syntagmatic relations suggests that, in addition to being part of discourse structure, experiential iconicity is part of the structure of language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Text is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICONICITY (Linguistics)
KW  - LECTURES & lecturing
KW  - THEORY (Philosophy)
KW  - RHETORIC -- Philosophy
KW  - LINGUISTICS
KW  - SAFETY
KW  - association
KW  - Campbell.
KW  - discourse
KW  - experience
KW  - iconicity
KW  - structure
N1  - Accession Number: 16634866; McGreevy, Michael Wallace 1; Email Address: Michael.W.McGreevy@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p67; Subject Term: ICONICITY (Linguistics); Subject Term: LECTURES & lecturing; Subject Term: THEORY (Philosophy); Subject Term: RHETORIC -- Philosophy; Subject Term: LINGUISTICS; Subject Term: SAFETY; Author-Supplied Keyword: association; Author-Supplied Keyword: Campbell.; Author-Supplied Keyword: discourse; Author-Supplied Keyword: experience; Author-Supplied Keyword: iconicity; Author-Supplied Keyword: structure; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
T1  - A model for the oxidation of carbon silicon carbide composite structures
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2005/01/08/
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 275
EP  - 285
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: A mathematical theory and an accompanying numerical scheme have been developed for predicting the oxidation behavior of carbon silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite structures. The theory is derived from the mechanics of the flow of ideal gases through a porous solid. The result of the theoretical formulation is a set of two coupled non-linear differential equations written in terms of the oxidant and oxide partial pressures. The differential equations are solved simultaneously to obtain the partial vapor pressures of the oxidant and oxides as a function of the spatial location and time. The local rate of carbon oxidation is determined using the map of the local oxidant partial vapor pressure along with the Arrhenius rate equation. The non-linear differential equations are cast into matrix equations by applying the Bubnov–Galerkin weighted residual method, allowing for the solution of the differential equations numerically. The numerical method is demonstrated by utilizing the method to model the carbon oxidation and weight loss behavior of C/SiC specimens during thermogravimetric experiments. The numerical method is used to study the physics of carbon oxidation in carbon silicon carbide composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - CARBON
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - A. Carbon fibers
KW  - B. Oxidation
KW  - C. Modeling
KW  - D. Diffusion
KW  - Porosity
N1  - Accession Number: 15807450; Sullivan, Roy M. 1; Email Address: roy.sullivan@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 49-7, 21000 Brookpark Road, Brookpark, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p275; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Carbon fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porosity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.09.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Schwartz, Zachary D.
T1  - Multifocal flat lens with left-handed metamaterial.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/01/10/
VL  - 86
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 021113
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We show experimental results demonstrating multiple focal lengths at microwave frequencies in a flat lens constructed of left-handed metamaterial (LHM). In contrast to conventional lenses, which are constructed of materials with positive index and require a curved surface or inhomogeneous structures to focus light or other electromagnetic radiation, no curvature is needed with a LHM because of a negative effective index of refraction. Such a flat lens has the advantage of being capable of changing the focal length by simply changing the distance between the electromagnetic source and the lens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - LENSES
KW  - OPTICAL instruments
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 15644124; Wilson, Jeffrey D. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.d.wilson@nasa.gov Schwartz, Zachary D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Analex Corporation, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 1/10/2005, Vol. 86 Issue 2, p021113; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: LENSES; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1850590
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bassim, N. D.
AU  - Twigg, M. E.
AU  - Eddy, C. R.
AU  - Culbertson, J. C.
AU  - Mastro, M. A.
AU  - Henry, R. L.
AU  - Holm, R. T.
AU  - Neudeck, P. G.
AU  - Trunek, A. J.
AU  - Powell, J. A.
T1  - Lowered dislocation densities in uniform GaN layers grown on step-free (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/01/10/
VL  - 86
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 021902
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We report that very low threading dislocation densities (8×107/cm2) were achieved in uniform GaN layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces 50 μm×50 μm in area that were completely free of steps. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that all observable GaN film threading dislocations were of edge type. TEM analysis of the defect structure of the nucleation layer (aluminum nitride, AlN) revealed a lack of c-component dislocations, and the clean annihilation of lateral, a-type dislocations within the first 200 nm of growth, with no lateral dislocations developing threading arms. These results indicate that the elimination of steps on the initial (0001) 4H-SiC growth surface may play an important role in the removal of mixed and c-type dislocations in subsequently grown AlN and GaN heteroepitaxial layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in crystals
KW  - GALLIUM nitride
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 15644155; Bassim, N. D. 1; Email Address: nbass@estd.nrl.navy.mil Twigg, M. E. 1 Eddy, C. R. 1 Culbertson, J. C. 1 Mastro, M. A. 1 Henry, R. L. 1 Holm, R. T. 1 Neudeck, P. G. 2 Trunek, A. J. 3 Powell, J. A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Electronic Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: OAI, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Sest Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 1/10/2005, Vol. 86 Issue 2, p021902; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in crystals; Subject Term: GALLIUM nitride; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1849834
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Canzián, Adrian
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Atomistic modeling comparison of Fe growth on Nb(110) and Nb growth on Fe(110)
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2005/01/10/
VL  - 574
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 296
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: The deposition of Fe on Nb(110), and the symmetric case, Nb on Fe(110), are studied by means of a simple modeling approach based on a quantum approximate technique, the BFS method for alloys. For Fe deposition on Nb, different regimes depending on the film thickness including layer-by-layer growth and formation of a surface alloy before stabilizing a pure Fe layer have been observed. Conversely, Nb growth on Fe is characterized by a specific temperature-dependent surface alloying pattern. A detailed atom-by-atom analysis using a single set of parameters reproduces all the experimentally known features based on a discussion of diffusion barriers, exchange mechanisms and the role of temperature via Monte Carlo simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - Adatoms
KW  - and topography
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Iron
KW  - morphology
KW  - Niobium
KW  - roughness
KW  - Semi-empirical methods and model calculations
KW  - Surface alloys
KW  - Surface structure
KW  - Surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography
N1  - Accession Number: 22230329; Canzián, Adrian 1 Mosca, Hugo O. 1,2 Bozzolo, Guillermo 3,4; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Gral. Pacheco, H. Irigoyen 288, (B1617FRP) Gral. Pacheco, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina  2: Comisión Nacional de Energı́a Atómica, UAM, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martı́n, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 574 Issue 2/3, p287; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Adatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: and topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Niobium; Author-Supplied Keyword: roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure, morphology, roughness, and topography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2004.10.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, M.
AU  - Deserranno, D.
AU  - Oas, J.G.
T1  - Fluid–structural interactions in the inner ear
JO  - Computers & Structures
JF  - Computers & Structures
Y1  - 2005/01/11/
VL  - 83
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 189
SN  - 00457949
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents a finite element fluid–structural interaction model for the lateral semicircular canal system of the inner ear. The endolymph is modeled as a slightly compressible Newtonian fluid and the cupula partition is represented by a linearly elastic solid. The fluid–structural interaction problem is treated rigorously with a strong coupling between the fluid flow and the structural displacements. The time evolution of the endolymphatic velocity and pressure fields and cupular displacement and stress fields are closely examined to reveal the intricate dynamics that takes place in the vestibular system during the caloric irrigation test. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID-structure interaction
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NEWTONIAN fluids
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Caloric test
KW  - CFD
KW  - Fluid structural interaction
KW  - Inner ear
KW  - Vestibular system
N1  - Accession Number: 17212233; Kassemi, M. 1; Email Address: mohammad.kassemi@grc.nasa.gov Deserranno, D. 2 Oas, J.G. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research, MS 110-1, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  3: Department of Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 83 Issue 2/3, p181; Subject Term: FLUID-structure interaction; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NEWTONIAN fluids; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Caloric test; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid structural interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inner ear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vestibular system; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.08.001
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
T1  - Atomistic modeling of Pd site preference in NiTi
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2005/01/11/
VL  - 386
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 138
SN  - 09258388
AB  - An analysis of the site substitution behavior of Pd in NiTi was performed using the BFS method for alloys. Through a combination of Monte Carlo simulations and detailed atom-by-atom energetic analyses of various computational cells, representing compositions of NiTi with up to 10 at.% Pd, a detailed understanding of the site occupancy of Pd in NiTi was revealed. Pd substituted at the expense of Ni in an NiTi alloy will prefer the Ni-sites. Pd substituted at the expense of Ti shows a very weak preference for Ti-sites that diminishes as the amount of Pd in the alloy increases and as the temperature increases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PALLADIUM
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Nickel
KW  - NiTi
KW  - Palladium
KW  - Semi-empirical methods
KW  - Shape memory alloy
KW  - Titanium
N1  - Accession Number: 19255319; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Mosca, Hugo O. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Comisión Nacional de Energia Atómica, UAM, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Pcia. de Bs. As. Argentina; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 386 Issue 1/2, p125; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.05.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Odegard, G.M.
AU  - Clancy, T.C.
AU  - Gates, T.S.
T1  - Modeling of the mechanical properties of nanoparticle/polymer composites
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2005/01/12/
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 553
EP  - 562
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: A continuum-based elastic micromechanics model is developed for silica nanoparticle/polyimide composites with various nanoparticle/polyimide interfacial treatments. The model incorporates the molecular structures of the nanoparticle, polyimide, and interfacial regions, which are determined using a molecular modeling method that involves coarse-grained and reverse-mapping techniques. The micromechanics model includes an effective interface between the polyimide and nanoparticle with properties and dimensions that are determined using the results of molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the model can be used to predict the elastic properties of silica nanoparticle/polyimide composites for a large range of nanoparticle radii, 10–10,000Å. For silica nanoparticle radii above 1000Å, the predicted properties are equal to those predicted using the standard Mori–Tanaka micromechanical approach, which does not incorporate the molecular structure. It is also shown that the specific silica nanoparticle/polyimide interface conditions have a significant effect on the composite mechanical properties for nanoparticle radii below 1000Å. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - SILICA
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Nanocomposites
KW  - Nanoparticles
N1  - Accession Number: 15646383; Odegard, G.M. 1; Email Address: gmodegar@mtu.edu Clancy, T.C. 2 Gates, T.S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering—Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p553; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: OXIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoparticles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.11.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Styers-Barnett
AU  - D. J.
AU  - Ellison
AU  - S. P.
AU  - Park
AU  - C.
AU  - Wise
AU  - K. E.
AU  - Papanikolas
AU  - J. M.
T1  - Ultrafast Dynamics of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Dispersed in Polymer Films.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2005/01/13/
VL  - 109
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 289
EP  - 292
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Wavelength-resolved femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy is used to follow the electronic dynamics of single-walled carbon nanotubes in polymers following visible photoexcitation. Electron−hole (e−h) pairs give rise to sharp features in the transient spectra that decay in amplitude and exhibit rapid spectral shifts. The decay reflects (e−h) recombination on both short (1.3 ps) and long (35 ps) time scales. Transient spectra also exhibit a broad photobleach at early times that arises from the cooling of a hot electron gas created via excitation at the red edge of a &pgr;-plasmon band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - NANOTUBES
N1  - Accession Number: 23146116; Styers-Barnett D. J. 1 Ellison S. P. 1 Park C. 1 Wise K. E. 1 Papanikolas J. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, and National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 109 Issue 2, p289; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bradley, John
AU  - Dai, Zu Rong
AU  - Erni, Rolf
AU  - Browning, Nigel
AU  - Graham, Giles
AU  - Weber, Peter
AU  - Smith, Julie
AU  - Hutcheon, Ian
AU  - Ishii, Hope
AU  - Bajt, Sasa
AU  - Floss, Christine
AU  - Stadermann, Frank
AU  - Sandford, Scott
T1  - An Astronomical 2175 Å Feature in Interplanetary Dust Particles.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/01/14/
VL  - 307
IS  - 5707
M3  - Article
SP  - 244
EP  - 247
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The 2175 angstrom extinction feature is the strongest (visible-ultraviolet) spectral signature of dust in the interstellar medium. Forty years after its discovery, the origin of the feature and the nature of the carrier(s) remain controversial. Using a transmission electron microscope, we detected a 5.7-electron volt (2175 angstrom) feature in interstellar grains embedded within interplanetary dust particles (IDPs). The carriers are organic carbon and amorphous silicates that are abundant in IDPs and in the interstellar medium. These multiple carriers may explain the enigmatic invariant central wavelength and variable bandwidth of the astronomical 2175 angstrom feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopes
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - ELECTRON microscopes
KW  - COSMIC dust
N1  - Accession Number: 15803272; Bradley, John 1; Email Address: jbradley@igpp.ucllnl.org Dai, Zu Rong 1 Erni, Rolf 2 Browning, Nigel 2,3 Graham, Giles 1 Weber, Peter 1 Smith, Julie 1 Hutcheon, Ian 1 Ishii, Hope 1 Bajt, Sasa 1 Floss, Christine 4 Stadermann, Frank 4 Sandford, Scott 5; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California at  3: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley  4: Laboratory for Space Sciences, Washington University, St.  5: Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field,; Source Info: 1/14/2005, Vol. 307 Issue 5707, p244; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopes; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopes; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2758
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Tweed, John
AU  - Walker, Steve A.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
T1  - A procedure for benchmarking laboratory exposures with 1A GeV iron ions
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/01/15/
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 193
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: A new version of the HZETRN code capable of simulating HZE ions with either laboratory or space boundary conditions is under development. The computational model consists of combinations of physical perturbation expansions based on the scales of atomic interaction, multiple scattering, and nuclear reactive processes with use of asymptotic/Neumann expansions with non-perturbative corrections. The code contains energy loss with straggling, nuclear attenuation, nuclear fragmentation with energy dispersion and downshifts, and off-axis dispersion with multiple scattering under preparation. The present benchmark is for a broad directed beam for 1A GeV iron ion beams with 2A MeV width and four targets of polyethylene, polymethyl metachrylate, aluminum, and lead of varying thickness from 5 to 30g/cm2. The benchmark quantities will be dose, track averaged LET, dose averaged LET, fraction of iron ion remaining, and fragment energy spectra after 23g/cm2 of polymethyl metachrylate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry)
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - Benchmark
KW  - Characterization
KW  - Iron ion beams
N1  - Accession Number: 18513130; Wilson, John W. 1; Email Address: John.W.Wilson@Larc.Nasa.Gov Tweed, John 2 Walker, Steve A. 2 Cucinotta, Francis A. 3 Tripathi, Ram K. 1 Blattnig, Steve 1 Mertens, Christopher J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p185; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry); Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benchmark; Author-Supplied Keyword: Characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron ion beams; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tweed, J.
AU  - Walker, S.A.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Blattnig, S.
AU  - Mertens, C.J.
T1  - Computational methods for the HZETRN code
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/01/15/
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 194
EP  - 201
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Asymptotic expansion has been used to simplify the transport of high charge and energy ions for broad beam applications in the laboratory and space. The solution of the lowest order asymptotic term is then related to a Green’s function for energy loss and straggling coupled to nuclear attenuation providing the lowest order term in a rapidly converging Neumann series for which higher order collisions terms are related to the fragmentation events including energy dispersion and downshift. The first and second Neumann corrections were evaluated numerically as a standard for further analytic approximation. The first Neumann correction is accurately evaluated over the saddle point whose width is determined by the energy dispersion and located at the downshifted ion collision energy. Introduction of the first Neumann correction leads to significant simplification of the second correction term allowing application of the mean value theorem and a second saddle point approximation. The regular dependence of the second correction spectral dependence lends hope to simple approximation to higher corrections. At sufficiently high energy nuclear cross-section variations are small allowing non-perturbative methods to all orders and renormalization of the second corrections allow accurate evaluation of the full Neumann series. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Boltzmann’s equation
KW  - Green’s function
KW  - High charge and energy ions
KW  - Ion transport
KW  - Shielding
N1  - Accession Number: 18513131; Tweed, J. 1; Email Address: jtweed@odu.edu Walker, S.A. 1 Wilson, J.W. 2 Cucinotta, F.A. 3 Tripathi, R.K. 2 Blattnig, S. 2 Mertens, C.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, Old Dominion University, Hampton Building, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, United States; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p194; Subject Term: INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry); Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boltzmann’s equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Green’s function; Author-Supplied Keyword: High charge and energy ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shielding; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, S.A.
AU  - Tweed, J.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Blattnig, S.
AU  - Zeitlin, C.
AU  - Heilbronn, L.
AU  - Miller, J.
T1  - Validation of the HZETRN code for laboratory exposures with 1A GeV iron ions in several targets
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/01/15/
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 207
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: A new version of the HZETRN code capable of validation with HZE ions in either the laboratory or the space environment is under development. The computational model consists of the lowest order asymptotic approximation followed by a Neumann series expansion with non-perturbative corrections. The physical description includes energy loss with straggling, nuclear attenuation, nuclear fragmentation with energy dispersion and downshift. Measurements to test the model were performed at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron and the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory with iron ions. Surviving beam particles and produced fragments were measured with solid-state detectors. Beam analysis software has been written to relate the computational results to the measured energy loss spectra of the incident ions for rapid validation of modeled target transmission functions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON ions
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry)
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - Boltzmann’s equation
KW  - Green’s function
KW  - High charge and energy ions
KW  - Ion transport
N1  - Accession Number: 18513132; Walker, S.A. 1 Tweed, J. 1; Email Address: jtweed@odu.edu Wilson, J.W. 2 Cucinotta, F.A. 3 Tripathi, R.K. 2 Blattnig, S. 2 Zeitlin, C. 4 Heilbronn, L. 4 Miller, J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Hampton Bvld, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p202; Subject Term: IRON ions; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry); Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Boltzmann’s equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Green’s function; Author-Supplied Keyword: High charge and energy ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion transport; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.077
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pines, V.
AU  - Zlatkowski, M.
AU  - Chait, A.
T1  - Stochastic diffusion interactions and coarsening in a system of droplets growing from a supersaturated gas mixture.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/01/15/
VL  - 122
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 034702
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - In this work we study diffusion interactions among liquid droplets growing in stochastic population by condensation from supersaturated binary gas mixture. During the postnucleation transient regime collective growth of liquid droplets competing for the available water vapor decreases local supersaturation leading to the increase of critical radius and the onset of coarsening process. In coarsening regime the growth of larger droplets is prevailing noticeably broadening the droplet size-distribution function when the condensation process becomes more intensive than the supersaturation yield. Modifications in the kinetic equation are discussed and formulated for a stochastic population of liquid droplets when diffusional interactions among droplets become noteworthy. The kinetic equation for the droplet size-distribution function is solved together with field equations for the mass fraction of disperse liquid phase, mass fraction of water vapor component of moist air, and temperature during diffusion-dominated regime of droplet coarsening. The droplet size and mass distributions are found as functions of the liquid volume fraction, showing considerable broadening of droplet spectra. It is demonstrated that the effect of latent heat of condensation considerably changes coarsening process. The coarsening rate constant, the droplet density (number of droplets per unit volume), the screening length, the mean droplet size, and mass are determined as functions of the temperature, pressure, and liquid volume fraction. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUIDS
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - DROPS
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - CONDENSATION
N1  - Accession Number: 15962951; Pines, V. 1 Zlatkowski, M. 1 Chait, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 1/15/2005, Vol. 122 Issue 3, p034702; Subject Term: LIQUIDS; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: DROPS; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1814636
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steele, B.M.
AU  - Reddy, S.K.
AU  - Nemani, R.R.
T1  - A regression strategy for analyzing environmental data generated by spatio-temporal processes
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2005/01/20/
VL  - 181
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 108
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Highly complex spatio-temporal environmental data sets are becoming common in ecology because of the increasing use of large-scale simulation models and automated data collection devices. The spatial and temporal dimensions present real and difficult challenges for the interpretation of these data. A particularly difficult problem is that the relationship among variables can vary in dramatically in response to environmental variation; consequently, a single model may not provide adequate fit. The temporal dimension presents both opportunities for improved prediction because explanatory variables sometimes exert delayed effects on response variables, and problems because variables are often serially correlated. This article presents a regression strategy for accommodating these problems and exploiting serial correlation. The strategy is illustrated by a case study of simulated net primary production (SNPP) that compares ocean-atmosphere indices to terrestrial climate variables as predictors of SNPP across the conterminous United States, and describes spatial variation in the relative importance of terrestrial climate variables towards predicting SNPP. We found that the relationship between ocean-atmosphere indices and SNPP varies substantially over the United States, and that there is evidence of a substantive link only in the western portions of the United States. Evidence of multi-year delays in the effect of terrestrial climate effects on SNPP were also found. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - ARIMA models
KW  - Carbon balance
KW  - NPP process models
KW  - Serial correlation
KW  - Spatio-temporal data
N1  - Accession Number: 14959331; Steele, B.M.; Email Address: steele@mso.umt.edu Reddy, S.K. 1 Nemani, R.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA  2: Mail Stop: 242-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 181 Issue 2/3, p93; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARIMA models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: NPP process models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Serial correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatio-temporal data; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.06.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krukowski, Anton E.
AU  - Stone, Leland S.
T1  - Expansion of Direction Space around the Cardinal Axes Revealed by Smooth Pursuit Eye Movements
JO  - Neuron
JF  - Neuron
Y1  - 2005/01/20/
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 323
SN  - 08966273
AB  - It is well established that perceptual direction discrimination shows an oblique effect; thresholds are higher for motion along diagonal directions than for motion along cardinal directions. Here, we compare simultaneous direction judgments and pursuit responses for the same motion stimuli and find that both pursuit and perceptual thresholds show similar anisotropies. The pursuit oblique effect is robust under a wide range of experimental manipulations, being largely resistant to changes in trajectory (radial versus tangential motion), speed (10 versus 25 deg/s), directional uncertainty (blocked versus randomly interleaved), and cognitive state (tracking alone versus concurrent tracking and perceptual tasks). Our data show that the pursuit oblique effect is caused by an effective expansion of direction space surrounding the cardinal directions and the requisite compression of space for other directions. This expansion suggests that the directions around the cardinal directions are in some way overrepresented in the visual cortical pathways that drive both smooth pursuit and perception. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Neuron is the property of Cell Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAPID eye movement sleep
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - JUDGMENT (Psychology)
KW  - ANISOTROPY
N1  - Accession Number: 16133945; Krukowski, Anton E. 1,2 Stone, Leland S. 1; Email Address: lstone@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Human Factors Research and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  2: Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192 USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p315; Subject Term: RAPID eye movement sleep; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: JUDGMENT (Psychology); Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.01.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khavaran, A.
AU  - Bridges, J.
T1  - Modelling of fine-scale turbulence mixing noise
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/01/21/
VL  - 279
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1154
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - The present paper is a study of aerodynamic noise spectra from model functions that describe the source. The study is motivated by the need to improve the spectral shape of the MGBK jet noise prediction methodology at high frequency.The predicted spectral shape usually appears less broadband than measurements and faster decaying at high frequency. Theoretical representation of the source is based on Lilley''s equation. Numerical simulations of high-speed subsonic jets as well as some recent turbulence measurements reveal a number of interesting statistical properties of turbulence correlation functions that may have a bearing on radiated noise. These studies indicate that an exponential spatial function may be a more appropriate representation of a two-point correlation compared to its Gaussian counterpart. The effect of source non-compactness on spectral shape is discussed. It is shown that source non-compactness could well be the differentiating factor between the Gaussian and exponential model functions.In particular, the fall-off of the noise spectra at high frequency is studied and it is shown that a non-compact source with an exponential model function results in a broader spectrum and better agreement with data. A recent source model proposed by Tam and Auriault that represents the source as a covariance of the convective derivative of fine-scale turbulence kinetic energy is also examined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - EQUATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 15450782; Khavaran, A. 1; Email Address: khavaran@grc.nasa.gov Bridges, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Acoustics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2005, Vol. 279 Issue 3-5, p1131; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.11.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackman, Charles H.
AU  - DeLand, Matthew T.
AU  - Labow, Gordon J.
AU  - Fleming, Eric L.
AU  - Weisenstein, Debra K.
AU  - Ko, Malcolm K.W.
AU  - Sinnhuber, Miriam
AU  - Anderson, John
AU  - Russell, James M.
T1  - The influence of the several very large solar proton events in years 2000–2003 on the neutral middle atmosphere
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 450
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Solar proton events (SPEs) are known to have caused changes in constituents in the Earth’s polar neutral middle atmosphere. The past four years, 2000–2003, have been replete with SPEs. Huge fluxes of high energy protons entered the Earth’s atmosphere in periods lasting 2–3 days in July and November 2000, September and November 2001 and October 2003. The highly energetic protons produce ionizations, excitations, dissociations and dissociative ionizations of the background constituents, which lead to the production of HO x  (H, OH, HO2) and NO y  (N, NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, HNO3, HO2NO2, ClONO2, BrONO2). The HO x  increases lead to short-lived ozone decreases in the polar mesosphere and upper stratosphere due to the short lifetimes of the HO x  constituents. Large mesospheric ozone depletions (>70%) due to the HO x  enhancements were observed and modeled as a result of the very large July 2000 SPE. The NO y  increases lead to long-lived stratospheric ozone changes because of the long lifetime of the NO y  family in this region. Polar total ozone depletions >1% were simulated in both hemispheres for extended periods of time (several months) as a result of the NO y  enhancements due to the very large SPEs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - SOLAR photosphere
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Odd nitrogen
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Solar particle events
N1  - Accession Number: 18039063; Jackman, Charles H. 1; Email Address: Charles.H.Jackman@nasa.gov DeLand, Matthew T. 2 Labow, Gordon J. 1,2 Fleming, Eric L. 1,2 Weisenstein, Debra K. 3 Ko, Malcolm K.W. 4 Sinnhuber, Miriam 5 Anderson, John 6 Russell, James M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Code 916, Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  3: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., 131 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA  4: Mail Stop 401B, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Germany  6: Hampton University, Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton, VA 23668, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p445; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: SOLAR photosphere; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Middle atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Odd nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar particle events; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2004.09.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chao Gao
AU  - Shuchi Yang
AU  - Shijun Luo
AU  - Feng Liu
AU  - Schuster, David M.
T1  - Calculation of Airfoil Flutter by an Euler Method with Approximate Boundary Conditions.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 305
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A numerical method is demonstrated for solving the steady and unsteady Euler equations on stationary Cartersian grids for the purpose of time-domain simulation of aeroelastic problems. Wall boundary conditions are implemented on nonmoving mean chord positions by assuming the airfoil being thin and undergoing small deformation, whereas the full nonlinear Euler equations are used in the flowfield for accurate resolution of shock waves and vorticity. The method does not require the generation of moving body-fitted grids and thus can be easily deployed in any fluid-structure interaction problem involving relatively small deformation of a thin body. The first-order wall boundary conditions are used in solving the full Euler equations, and the results are compared with the Euler solutions using the exact boundary conditions and known experimental, data. It is shown that the first-order boundary conditions are adequate to represent airfoils of typical thicknesses with small deformation for both steady and unsteady calculations. Flutter boundaries are accurately predicted by this method for the Isogai wing model test case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - EULER characteristic
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 16090002; Chao Gao 1 Shuchi Yang 2 Shijun Luo 3 Feng Liu 4 Schuster, David M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Center for Aerodynamics Research and Development, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072 Xi'an, People's Republic of China  2: Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3975  3: Researcher, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3975  4: Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-3975  5: Senior Research Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p295; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: VIBRATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 39 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamaleev, N.K.
AU  - Carpenter, M.H.
AU  - Ferguson, Frederick
T1  - Reduced-Order Model for Efficient Simulation of Synthetic Jet Actuators.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 357
EP  - 369
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A new reduced-order model of multidimensional synthetic jet actuators that combines the accuracy and conservation properties of full numerical simulation methods with the efficiency of simplified zero-order models is proposed. The multidimensional actuator is simulated by the solution of the time-dependent compressible quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations, whereas the diaphragm is modeled as a moving boundary. The governing equations are approximated with a fourth-order finite difference scheme on a moving mesh, such that one of the mesh boundaries coincides with the diaphragm. The reduced-order model of the actuator has several advantages. In contrast to the zero-dimensional models, this approach provides conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. Furthermore, the new method is computationally much more efficient than the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes simulation of the actuator cavity flow, while providing practically the same accuracy in the exterior flowfield. The most distinctive feature of the present model is its ability to predict the resonance characteristics of synthetic jet actuators; this is not practical when the three-dimensional models are used because of the computational cost involved. Numerical results demonstrating the accuracy of the new reduced-order model and its limitations are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FINITE differences
N1  - Accession Number: 16090008; Yamaleev, N.K. 1; Email Address: nkyamale@ncat.edu Carpenter, M.H. 2 Ferguson, Frederick 3; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411  2: Senior Research Scientist, Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p357; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FINITE differences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 27 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Waters, Wendy W.
AU  - Platts, Steven H.
AU  - Mitchell, Brett M.
AU  - Whitson, Peggy A.
AU  - Meck, Janice V.
T1  - Plasma volume restoration with salt tablets and water after bed rest prevents orthostatic hypotension and changes in supine hemodynamic and endocrine variables.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - H839
EP  - H847
SN  - 03636135
AB  - Head-down bed rest changes the values of many cardiovascular and endocrine variables and also elicits significant hypovolemia. Because previous studies had not controlled for hypovolemia, it is unknown whether the reported changes were primary effects of bed rest or secondary effects of bed rest-induced hypovolemia. We hypothesized that restoring plasma volume with salt tablets and water after 12 days of head-down bed rest would result in an absence of hemodynamic and endocrine changes and a reduced incidence of orthostatic hypotension. In 10 men, we measured changes from pre-bed-rest to post-bed-rest in venous and arterial pressures; heart rate; stroke volume; cardiac output; vascular resistance; plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, vasopressin, renin activity (PRA), and aldosterone responses to different tilt levels (0°, -10°, 20°, 30°, and 70°); and plasma volume and platelet α2- and lymphocyte β2-adrenoreceptor densities and affinities (0° tilt only). Fluid loading at the end of bed rest restored plasma volume and resulted in the absence of post-bed-rest orthostatic hypotension and changes in supine hemodynamic and endocrine variables. Fluid loading did not prevent post-bed-rest increases in β2-adrenoreceptor density or decreases in the aldosterone-to-PRA ratio (P = 0.05 for each). Heart rate, epinephrine, and PRA responses to upright tilt after bed rest were increased (P < 0.05), despite the fluid load. These results suggest that incidents of orthostatic hypotension and many of the changes in supine hemodynamic and endocrine variables in volume-depleted bed-rested subjects occur secondarily to the hypovolemia. Despite normovolemia after bed rest, β2-adrenoreceptors were upregulated, and heart rate, epinephrine, and PRA responses to tilt were augmented, indicating that these changes are independent of volume depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORTHOSTATIC hypotension
KW  - BLOOD circulation disorders
KW  - HEART beat
KW  - ADRENALINE
KW  - HEMODYNAMICS
KW  - VASCULAR resistance
KW  - BLOOD pressure
KW  - BLOOD-vessels -- Physiology
KW  - PITUITARY hormones
KW  - VASOPRESSIN
KW  - ADRENERGIC receptors
KW  - adrenergic receptors
KW  - cardiopulmonary-arterial baroreceptor reflex interaction
KW  - cardiovascular
KW  - hypovolemia
KW  - simulated microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 15861009; Waters, Wendy W. 1 Platts, Steven H. 2 Mitchell, Brett M. 2 Whitson, Peggy A. 3 Meck, Janice V. 4; Affiliation:  1: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, Wyle Laboratories, Inc.  2: Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association  3: Astronaut Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  4: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2, pH839; Subject Term: ORTHOSTATIC hypotension; Subject Term: BLOOD circulation disorders; Subject Term: HEART beat; Subject Term: ADRENALINE; Subject Term: HEMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: VASCULAR resistance; Subject Term: BLOOD pressure; Subject Term: BLOOD-vessels -- Physiology; Subject Term: PITUITARY hormones; Subject Term: VASOPRESSIN; Subject Term: ADRENERGIC receptors; Author-Supplied Keyword: adrenergic receptors; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiopulmonary-arterial baroreceptor reflex interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiovascular; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypovolemia; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulated microgravity; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajpheart0020.2004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juck, D. F.
AU  - Whissell, G.
AU  - Steven, B.
AU  - Pollard, W.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Greer, C. W.
AU  - Whyte, L. G.
T1  - Utilization of Fluorescent Microspheres and a Green Fluorescent Protein-Marked Strain for Assessment of Microbiological Contamination of Permafrost and Ground Ice Core...
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 71
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1035
EP  - 1041
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Fluorescent microspheres were applied in a novel fashion during subsurface drilling of permafrost and ground ice in the Canadian High Arctic to monitor the exogenous microbiological contamination of core samples obtained during the drilling process. Prior to each drill run, a concentrated fluorescent microsphere (0.5-µm diameter) solution was applied to the interior surfaces of the drill bit, core catcher, and core tube and allowed to dry. Macroscopic examination in the field demonstrated reliable transfer of the microspheres to core samples, while detailed microscopic examination revealed penetration levels of less than 1 cm from the core exterior. To monitor for microbial contamination during downstream processing of the permafrost and ground ice cores, a Pseudomonas strain expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was painted on the core exterior prior to processing. Contamination of the processed core interiors with the GFP-expressing strain was not detected by culturing the samples or by PCR to detect the gfp marker gene. These methodologies were quick, were easy to apply, and should help to monitor the exogenous microbiological contamination of pristine permafrost and ground ice samples for downstream culture-dependent and culture-independent microbial analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL contamination
KW  - MICROSPHERES
KW  - ICE
KW  - FROZEN ground
KW  - FORAMINIFERA
N1  - Accession Number: 16175464; Juck, D. F. 1; Email Address: david.juck@cnrc-nrc.gc.ca Whissell, G. 1,2 Steven, B. 2 Pollard, W. 3 McKay, C. P. 4 Greer, C. W. 1 Whyte, L. G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada  2: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada  3: Department of Geography, Mc Gill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada  4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 71 Issue 2, p1035; Subject Term: MICROBIAL contamination; Subject Term: MICROSPHERES; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: FROZEN ground; Subject Term: FORAMINIFERA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.71.2.1035-1041.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feng, Huiyu
AU  - Van der Wijngaart, Rob
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
T1  - Unstructured adaptive meshes: bad for your memory?
JO  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
JF  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 52
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 173
SN  - 01689274
AB  - Abstract: The most important performance bottleneck in modern high-end computers is access to memory. Many forms of hardware and software support for reducing memory latency exist, but certain important applications defy these. Examples of such applications are unstructured adaptive (UA) mesh problems, which feature irregular, dynamically changing memory access. We describe a new benchmark program, called UA, for measuring the performance of computer systems when solving such problems. It complements the existing NAS Parallel Benchmarks suite that deals mainly with static, regular-stride memory references. The UA benchmark involves the solution of a stylized heat transfer problem in a cubic domain, discretized on an adaptively refined, unstructured mesh. We describe the numerical and implementation issues, and also present some interesting performance results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Numerical Mathematics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MEMORY testing
KW  - Benchmark
KW  - Memory access
KW  - Nonconforming
KW  - Spectral element
N1  - Accession Number: 15856709; Feng, Huiyu 1; Email Address: fhy@nas.nasa.gov Van der Wijngaart, Rob 1; Email Address: wijngaar@nas.nasa.gov Biswas, Rupak 2; Email Address: rupak.biswas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: CSC, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 52 Issue 2/3, p153; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MEMORY testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benchmark; Author-Supplied Keyword: Memory access; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonconforming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral element; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apnum.2004.08.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boni, L. De
AU  - Silva, D.L.
AU  - Neves, U.M.
AU  - Feng, Ke
AU  - Meador, M.
AU  - Bu, Xiu R.
AU  - Misoguti, L.
AU  - Mendonça, C.R.
T1  - Two- and three-photon excited fluorescence in Y-shaped molecules
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 402
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
EP  - 478
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: In this work, we have studied the two- and three-photon excited fluorescence on a new series of Y-shaped chromophores, using pulses at 750 and 1400nm from an optical parametric amplifier pumped by 150fs pulses from a Ti:sapphire chirped pulse amplified system. The measured two- and three-photon absorption cross-sections are in the order of 1000×10−50cm4s and 5×10−78cm6s2, respectively. Besides, the two-photon excited fluorescence signal, achieved using low energy pulses (Ti:sapphire modelocked oscillator), were used in an evolutionary strategy to optimize either the laser pulse or the two-photon excited fluorescence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - LASER beams
N1  - Accession Number: 22260149; Boni, L. De 1 Silva, D.L. 1 Neves, U.M. 1 Feng, Ke 2 Meador, M. 3 Bu, Xiu R. 2 Misoguti, L. 1 Mendonça, C.R. 1; Email Address: crmendon@if.sc.usp.br; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Fı́sica e Ciência dos Materiais, Instituto de Fı́sica de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, FCM, Av. Trabalhador Saocarlense 400, Caixa Postal 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil  2: Department of Chemistry and NASA Center for High Performance Polymers and Composites, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 402 Issue 4-6, p474; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: LASER beams; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.12.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Pater, Imke
AU  - DeBoer, David
AU  - Marley, Mark
AU  - Freedman, Richard
AU  - Young, Richard
T1  - Retrieval of water in Jupiter's deep atmosphere using microwave spectra of its brightness temperature
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 173
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 425
EP  - 438
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Despite several spacecraft encounters and numerous groundbased investigations, we still do not know much about Jupiter''s deep atmosphere; in fact, the Galileo probe results were so different than anyone had anticipated, that we understand even less about this planet''s atmosphere now than before the Galileo mission. We formulate four basic questions in Section 1.3, which, if solved, would help to better understand the chemistry and dynamics in Jupiter''s atmosphere. We believe that three out of the four questions (explanation of NH3 altitude profile, characterization of hot spots, altitude below which the atmosphere is uniformly mixed) may be solved from passive sounding of Jupiter''s deep (∼ tens of bars) atmosphere via a radio telescope orbiting the planet. Question nr. 4 (the water abundance in Jupiter''s deep atmosphere) has been singled out by the Solar System Exploration Decadal Survey as a key question, since the water abundance in Jupiter''s deep atmosphere is tied in with planet formation models. In this paper we investigate the sensitivity of microwave retrievals to the composition of Jupiter''s deep atmosphere, in particular the water abundance. Based upon present uncertainties in the ammonia abundance and other known and unknown absorbers, including uncertainties in clouds (density and index of refraction), and uncertainties in the thermal structure and lineshape profiles, we conclude that the retrieval of water at depth from microwave spectra (disk-averaged and locally) will be highly uncertain. We show that, if the H2O lineshape profile would be accurately known (laboratory data are needed!), an atmosphere with a near-solar H2O abundance can likely be distinguished from one with an abundance of 10–20×solar O based upon the difference in their microwave spectra at wavelengths . This would be sufficient to distinguish between some proposed scenarios by which Jupiter acquired its inventory of volatile elements heavier than helium. If, in addition, limb-darkening measurements are obtained (again, the H2O lineshape profile should be known), tighter constraints on the H2O abundance can be obtained (see also Janssen et al., 2004, this issue). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Radio observations
KW  - Atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 16512863; de Pater, Imke 1; Email Address: imke@astron.berkeley.edu DeBoer, David 2 Marley, Mark 3 Freedman, Richard 2 Young, Richard 3; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, 601 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Drive, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 173 Issue 2, p425; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: GAS giants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: German; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.06.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGhee, Colleen A.
AU  - French, Richard G.
AU  - Dones, Luke
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Salo, Heikki J.
AU  - Danos, Rebecca
T1  - HST observations of spokes in Saturn's B ring
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 173
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 508
EP  - 521
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: As part of a long-term study of Saturn''s rings, we have used the Hubble Space Telescope''s (HST) Wide Field and Planetary Camera (WFPC2) to obtain several hundred high resolution images from 1996 to 2004, spanning the full range of ring tilt and solar phase angles accessible from the Earth. Using these multiwavelength observations and HST archival data, we have measured the photometric properties of spokes in the B ring, visible in a substantial number of images. We determined the spoke particle size distribution by fitting the wavelength-dependent extinction efficiency of a prominent, isolated spoke, using a Mie scattering model. Following Doyle and Grün (1990, Icarus 85, 168–190), we assumed that the spoke particles were sub-micron size spheres of pure water ice, with a Hansen–Hovenier size distribution (Hansen and Hovenier, 1974, J. Atmos. Sci. 31, 1137–1160). The WFPC2 wavelength coverage is broader than that of the Voyager data, resulting in tighter constraints on the nature of spoke particles. The effective particle size was , and the size distribution was quite narrow with a variance of , very similar to the results of Doyle and Grün (1990, Icarus 85, 168–190), and consistent with predictions of plasma cloud models for spoke production from meteoritic impacts (Goertz and Morfill, 1983, Icarus 53, 219–229; Goertz, 1984, Adv. Space Res. 4, 137–141). In all, we identified 36 spokes or spoke complexes, predominantly on the morning (east) ansa. The photometric contrast of the spokes is strongly dependent on effective ring opening angle, . Spokes were clearly visible on the north face of the rings in 1994, just prior to the most recent ring plane crossing (RPX) epoch, and on the south face shortly after RPX. However, spokes were both less abundant and fainter as the rings opened up, and no spokes were detected after 18 October 1998 (), when a single faint spoke was seen on the morning ansa. The high resolution and photometric quality of the WFPC2 images enabled us to set a detection limit of 1% in fractional brightness contrast for spokes for the post-1998 observations. We compare the observed trend of spoke contrast with  to radiative transfer calculations based on three models of the distribution of spoke material. In the first, the spoke “haze” is uniformly mixed with macroscopic B ring particles. No variation in spoke contrast is predicted for single-scattering, in this case, and only a modest decrease in contrast with  is predicted when multiple scattering is taken into account. In the second model, the spoke dust occupies an extended layer that is thicker than the B ring, which gives virtually identical results to a third case, when the haze layer lies exclusively above the ring. Multiple-scattering Monte Carlo calculations for these two extended haze models match the trend of spoke contrast exceptionally well. We compute the predicted spoke contrast for a wide variety of viewing geometries, including forward- and backscattering. Based on these results, spokes should be easily detectable during the Cassini mission when the rings are viewed at relatively small () ring opening angles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL instruments
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Saturn (Planetary rings)
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 16512871; McGhee, Colleen A. 1; Email Address: cmcghee@wellesley.edu French, Richard G. 1 Dones, Luke 2 Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 3 Salo, Heikki J. 4 Danos, Rebecca 5; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA  2: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: University of Oulu, Astronomy Division, PO Box 3000, Oulu, Finland  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1547, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 173 Issue 2, p508; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: INNER planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn (Planetary rings); Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.09.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Shin, Joon
AU  - Akyurtlu, Alkim
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar
T1  - Comments on "Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Double Negative Metamaterials".
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Letter
SP  - 891
EP  - 891
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor commenting on the article "Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Double Negative Metamaterials," by R.W. Ziolkowski, appeared in the July 2003 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - ENGINEERING design
N1  - Accession Number: 16049648; Shin, Joon 1; Email Address: jshin@ieee.org Akyurtlu, Alkim 2 Deshpande, Manohar 3; Affiliation:  1: National Research Council, Washington 20001 DC USA.  2: University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854 USA.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA.; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p891; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2004.841267
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khan, Zulfiqar Ali
AU  - Bunting, Charles F.
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar D.
T1  - Shielding Effectiveness of Metallic Enclosures at Oblique and Arbitrary Polarizations.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 122
SN  - 00189375
AB  - Shielding effectiveness of metallic enclosures with apertures when illuminated by an oblique incidence arbitrary polarized plane wave has been studied by using an efficient hybrid modal/moment technique. Shielding effectiveness of rectangular enclosures with one, two, and four apertures at multiple points inside the enclosures for various frequencies has been calculated when the illuminating source flies by the front of the enclosure. The work shows that the shielding effectiveness is seriously affected by frequency, angle of incidence and polarization of the illuminating field; the number and orientation of apertures; and the location inside the cavity. It has been shown that the usual assumption about the normal incidence being the worst-case scenario for shielding effectiveness values may not be valid when there is more than one aperture in the cavity. The paper emphasizes the need for the statistical investigation of shielding effectiveness problem of metallic enclosures with apertures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC shielding
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding
KW  - ELECTRONIC equipment enclosures
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - HOLES
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 16250163; Khan, Zulfiqar Ali 1 Bunting, Charles F. 2; Email Address: reverb@okstate.edu Deshpande, Manohar D. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210 USA.  2: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma City, OK 73107 USA.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p112; Subject Term: MAGNETIC shielding; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC equipment enclosures; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: HOLES; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TEMC.2004.842117
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwartz, Zachary D.
AU  - Downey, Alan N.
AU  - Alterovitz, Samuel A.
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - High-Temperature RF Probe Station for Device Characterization Through 500 °C and 50 GHz.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 376
SN  - 00189456
AB  - A high-temperature measurement system capable of performing on-wafer microwave testing of semiconductor devices has been developed. This high-temperature probe station can characterize active and passive devices and circuits at temperatures ranging from room temperature to above 500 °C. The heating system uses a ceramic heater mounted on an insulating block of NASA shuffle tile. The temperature is adjusted by a graphical computer interface and is controlled by the software-based feed- back loop. The system is used with a vector network analyzer to measure scattering parameters over a frequency range from 1 to 50 GHz The microwave probes, cables, and inspection microscope are all shielded to protect from heat damage. The high-temperature probe station has been successfully used to characterize gold transmission lines on silicon carbide at temperatures up to 540 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - MEASURING instruments
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - INTERFACE circuits
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - Coplanar waveguide
KW  - high temperature
KW  - microwave measurements
KW  - radio-frequency (RF) probing
KW  - SiC
N1  - Accession Number: 15828719; Schwartz, Zachary D. 1; Email Address: zachary.d.schwartz@grc.nasa.gov Downey, Alan N. 2 Alterovitz, Samuel A. 2 Ponchak, George E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Analex Corporation at NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p369; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: MEASURING instruments; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: INTERFACE circuits; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio-frequency (RF) probing; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2004.838137
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolyrnerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - Excitation of Coupled Slotline Mode in Finite-Ground CPW With Unequal Ground-Plane Widths.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 713
EP  - 717
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The coupling between the desired coplanar-wave-guide (CPW) mode and the unwanted coupled slotline mode is presented for finite-ground CPWs with unequal ground-plane widths. Measurements, quasi-static conformal mapping, and finite-difference time-domain analysis are performed to determine the dependence of the slotline-mode excitation on the physical dimensions of the finite-ground coplanar line and on the frequency range of operation. It is shown that the ratio of the slotline mode to the CPW mode can be as high as 10 dB. Air-bridges are shown to reduce the slotline mode by 15 dB immediately after the air-bridge, but the slotline mode fully reestablishes itself within 2000 pm of the air-bridge. Furthermore, these results are independent of frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC waves
KW  - TIME-domain analysis
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - Coplanar waveguide (CPW)
KW  - coupling
KW  - transmission lines
N1  - Accession Number: 16163918; Ponchak, George E. 1 Papapolyrnerou, John 2 Tentzeris, Manos M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Electron Device Technology Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.  2: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p713; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC waves; Subject Term: TIME-domain analysis; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coplanar waveguide (CPW); Author-Supplied Keyword: coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: transmission lines; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2004.840571
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16163918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mace, Gerald G.
AU  - Zhang, Yuying
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Yang, Ping
T1  - Evaluation of Cirrus Cloud Properties Derived from MODIS Data Using Cloud Properties Derived from Ground-Based Observations Collected at the ARM SGP Site.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 240
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite has been collecting global data since March 2000 and the one on the Aqua satellite since June 2002. In this paper, cirrus cloud properties derived from ground-based remote sensing data are compared with similar cloud properties derived from MODIS data on Terra. To improve the space–time correlation between the satellite and ground-based observations, data from a wind profiler are used to define the cloud advective streamline along which the comparisons are made. In this paper, approximately two dozen cases of cirrus are examined and a statistical approach to the comparison that relaxes the requirement that clouds occur over the ground-based instruments during the overpass instant is explored. The statistical comparison includes 168 cloudy MODIS overpasses of the Southern Great Plains (SGP) region and approximately 300 h of ground-based cirrus observations. The physical and radiative properties of cloud layers are derived from MODIS data separately by the MODIS Atmospheres Team and the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Science Team using multiwavelength reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation measurements. Using two ground-based cloud property retrieval algorithms and the two MODIS algorithms, a positive correlation in the effective particle size, the optical thickness, the ice water path, and the cloud-top pressure between the various methods is shown, although sometimes there are significant biases. Classifying the clouds by optical thickness, it is demonstrated that the regionally averaged cloud properties derived from MODIS are similar to those diagnosed from the ground. Because of a conservative approach toward identifying thin cirrus pixels over this region, the area-averaged cloud properties derived from the MODIS Atmospheres MOD06 product tend to be biased slightly toward the optically thicker pixels. This bias tendency has implications for model validation and parameterization development applied to thin cirrus retrieved over SGP-like land surfaces. A persistent bias is also found in the derived cloud tops of thin cirrus with both satellite algorithms reporting cloud top several hundred meters less than that reported by the cloud radar. Overall, however, it is concluded that the MODIS retrieval algorithms characterize with reasonable accuracy the properties of thin cirrus over this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - DIAGNOSIS
N1  - Accession Number: 16426835; Mace, Gerald G. 1; Email Address: mace@met.utah.edu Zhang, Yuying 1 Platnick, Steven 2 King, Michael D. 2 Minnis, Patrick 3 Yang, Ping 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia.  4: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p221; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: DIAGNOSIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Tian-Bing
AU  - Su, Ji
T1  - Theoretical modeling of electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid actuation systems.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2005/02//2/1/2005
VL  - 97
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 034908
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - An electroactive polymer-ceramic hybrid actuation system (HYBAS) was recently developed. The HYBAS demonstrates significantly enhanced electromechanical performance by utilizing the advantages of cooperative contributions of the electromechanical responses of an electrostrictive copolymer and an electrostrictive single crystal. The hybrid actuation system provides not only a device but also a concept to utilize different electroactive materials in a cooperative and efficient method for optimized electromechanical performance. In order to develop an effective procedure to optimize the performance of a HYBAS, a theoretical model has been developed based on the elastic and electromechanical properties of the materials utilized in the system and on the configuration of the device. The model also evaluates performance optimization as a function of geometric parameters, including the length of the HYBAS and the thickness ratios of the constituent components. Comparison of the model with the experimental results shows good agreement and validates the model as an effective method for the further development of high-performance actuating devices or systems for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDUCTING polymers
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - ORGANIC conductors
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - ELECTRODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 15949664; Xu, Tian-Bing 1 Su, Ji 2; Email Address: ji.su-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, Virginia 23666.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: 2/1/2005, Vol. 97 Issue 3, p034908; Subject Term: CONDUCTING polymers; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: ORGANIC conductors; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: ELECTRODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1844616
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
T1  - Computation of Domain-Averaged Irradiance Using Satellite-Derived Cloud Properties.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 164
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The respective errors caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation and the effective thickness approximation for computing the domain-averaged broadband shortwave irradiance are evaluated using cloud optical thicknesses derived from 1 h of radiance measurements by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) over footprints of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments. Domains are CERES footprints of which dimension varies approximately from 20 to 70 km, depending on the viewing zenith angle of the instruments. The average error in the top-of-atmosphere irradiance at a 30° solar zenith angle caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation is 6.1 W m-2 (0.005 albedo bias) with a one-layer overcast cloud where a positive value indicates an overestimate by the approximation compared with the irradiance computed using the independent column approximation. Approximately one-half of the error is due to deviations of optical thickness distributions from a gamma distribution and the other half of the error is due to other approximations in the model. The error increases to 14.7 W m-2 (0.012 albedo bias) when the computational layer dividing the cloud layer is increased to four. The increase is because of difficulties in treating the correlation of cloud properties in the vertical direction. Because the optical thickness under partly cloudy conditions, which contribute two-thirds of cloudy footprints, is smaller, the error is smaller than under overcast conditions; the average error for partly cloudy condition is -2.4 W m-2 (-0.002 albedo bias) at a 30° solar zenith angle. The corresponding average error caused by the effective thickness approximation is 0.5 W m-2 for overcast conditions and -21.5 W m-2 (-0.018 albedo bias) for partly cloudy conditions. Although the error caused by the effective thickness approximation depends strongly on the optical thickness, its average error under overcast conditions is smaller than the error caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream approximation because the errors at small and large optical thicknesses cancel each other. Based on these error analyses, the daily average error caused by the gamma-weighted two-stream and effective thickness approximations is less than 2 W m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - ANTHROPOMETRY
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16320489; Kato, Seiji 1; Email Address: s.kato@larc.nasa.gov Rose, Fred G. 2 Charlock, Thomas P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia.  2: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p146; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: ANTHROPOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Proctor, Robert W.
T1  - Dual-Task Performance With Ideomotor-Compatible Tasks: Is the Central Processing Bottleneck Intact, Bypassed, or Shifted in Locus?
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 122
EP  - 144
SN  - 00961523
AB  - The present study examined whether the central bottleneck, assumed to be primarily responsible for the psychological refractory period (PRP) effect, is intact, bypassed, or shifted in locus with ideomotor (IM)-compatible tasks. In 4 experiments, factorial combinations of IM- and non-IM-compatible tasks were used for Task 1 and Task 2. All experiments showed substantial PRP effects, with a strong dependency between Task 1 and Task 2 response times. These findings, along with model-based simulations, indicate that the processing bottleneck was not bypassed, even with two IM-compatible tasks. Nevertheless, systematic changes in the PRP and correspondence effects across experiments suggest that IM compatibility shifted the locus of the bottleneck. The findings favor an engage- bottleneck-later hypothesis, whereby parallelism between tasks occurs deeper into the processing stream for IM- than for non-IM-compatible tasks, without the bottleneck being actually eliminated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL tests
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - TASKS
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - PERCEPTUAL motor learning
N1  - Accession Number: 16585645; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu McCann, Robert S. 1 Ruthruff, Eric 1 Proctor, Robert W. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center  2: Indiana/Purdue University; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p122; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL tests; Subject Term: TASK performance; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Subject Term: PERCEPTUAL motor learning; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.122
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Proctor, Robert W.
T1  - Confirming and Disconfirming Theories About Ideomotor Compatibility in Dual-Task Performance: A Reply to Greenwald (2005).
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 226
EP  - 229
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Because small dual-task costs with ideomotor-compatible tasks do not necessarily indicate the absence of a bottleneck, M.-C. Lien, R. S. McCann, E. Ruthruff, and R. W. Proctor (2005) considered additional sources of evidence regarding bottleneck bypass. This evidence argued against complete bottleneck bypass and, instead, supported an engage-bottleneck-later model in which early bottleneck substages are bypassed but late substages are not. A. G. Greenwald (2005), however, contended that M.-C. Lien et al. (2005) did not use the procedures needed to produce complete bottleneck bypass and that a complete bottleneck bypass hypothesis, combined with additional assumptions, could explain their data. The authors contend that this disagreement stems from Greenwald's focus on confirming predictions of complete bottleneck bypass (small dual-task costs) without disconfirming predictions of bottleneck presence. In particular, Greenwald neglects to consider the possibility that a latent bottleneck limitation could also produce small dual-task costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TASK analysis
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - WORK design
KW  - MOTOR ability
KW  - HYPOTHESIS
N1  - Accession Number: 16585677; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu McCann, Robert S. 2 Ruthruff, Eric 2 Proctor, Robert W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Oregon State University  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center  3: Indiana/Purdue University; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p226; Subject Term: TASK analysis; Subject Term: TASK performance; Subject Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Subject Term: WORK design; Subject Term: MOTOR ability; Subject Term: HYPOTHESIS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.226
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Librescu, L.
AU  - Marzocca, P.
AU  - Silva, W.A.
T1  - Aeroelasticity of 2-D lifting surfaces with time-delayed feedback control
JO  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
JF  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 215
SN  - 08899746
AB  - Abstract: Two basic issues related to the open/closed-loop aeroelasticity of 2-D lifting surfaces in an incompressible flow field are considered. These concern the subcritical aeroelastic response to external time-dependent excitations, and the flutter instability of actively controlled airfoils involving a time-delayed feedback control. Results and comparisons regarding the flutter instability obtained via the first Volterra kernel in conjunction with a frequency eigenvalue analysis are presented. In the same context, the implications on the instability boundary and aeroelastic response of the presence of time-delays in the feedback control are investigated and pertinent conclusions are supplied. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Fluids & Structures is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MATRICES
N1  - Accession Number: 17412694; Librescu, L. 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Marzocca, P. 2 Silva, W.A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail cose (0219), Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219 USA  2: Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5725, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Aeroelasticity Branch, Structures and Materials Competency, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p197; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MATRICES; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2004.10.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan
AU  - Myers, Dwight
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth
AU  - Copland, Evan
T1  - Interactions of water vapor with oxides at elevated temperatures
JO  - Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids
JF  - Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 66
IS  - 2-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 471
EP  - 478
SN  - 00223697
AB  - Abstract: Many volatile metal hydroxides form by reaction of the corresponding metal oxide with water vapor. These reactions are important in a number of high temperature corrosion processes. Experimental methods for studying the thermodynamics of metal hydroxides include: gas leak Knudsen cell mass spectrometry, free jet sampling mass spectrometry, transpiration and hydrogen–oxygen flame studies. The available experimental information is reviewed and the most stable metal hydroxide species are correlated with position in the periodic table. Current studies in our laboratory on the Si–O–H system are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROXIDES
KW  - VAPORS
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - HIGH temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 17412594; Jacobson, Nathan 1 Myers, Dwight 2 Opila, Elizabeth 1 Copland, Evan 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: East Central University, Ada, OK 74820, USA  3: Case Western Reserve University/NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 66 Issue 2-4, p471; Subject Term: HYDROXIDES; Subject Term: VAPORS; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpcs.2004.06.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Brindley, Helen
AU  - Gordley, Larry L.
AU  - Martin-Torres, Javier
AU  - Miskolczi, Ferenc M.
AU  - Turner, David D.
T1  - An inter-comparison of far-infrared line-by-line radiative transfer models
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 90
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 341
SN  - 00224073
AB  - A considerable fraction <f>(>40%)</f> of the outgoing longwave radiation escapes from the Earth''s atmosphere-surface system within a region of the spectrum known as the far-infrared (wave-numbers less than <f>650 cm-1</f>). Dominated by the line and continuum spectral features of the pure rotation band of water vapor, the far-infrared has a strong influence upon the radiative balance of the troposphere, and hence upon the climate of the Earth. Despite the importance of the far-infrared contribution, however, very few spectrally resolved observations have been made of the atmosphere for wave-numbers less than <f>650 cm-1</f>. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), under its Instrument Incubator Program (IIP), is currently developing technology that will enable routine, space-based spectral measurements of the far-infrared. As part of NASA''s IIP, the Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Troposphere (FIRST) project is developing an instrument that will have the capability of measuring the spectrum over the range from 100 to <f>1000 cm-1</f> at a resolution of <f>0.6 cm-1</f>. To properly analyze the data from the FIRST instrument, accurate radiative transfer models will be required. Unlike the mid-infrared, however, no inter-comparison of codes has been performed for the far-infrared. Thus, in parallel with the development of the FIRST instrument, an investigation has been undertaken to inter-compare radiative transfer models for potential use in the analysis of far-infrared measurements. The initial phase of this investigation has focused upon the inter-comparison of six distinct line-by-line models. The results from this study have demonstrated remarkably good agreement among the models, with differences being of order 0.5%, thereby providing a high measure of confidence in our ability to accurately compute spectral radiances in the far-infrared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Far-infrared
KW  - FIRST
KW  - Inter-comparison
KW  - Line-by-line
N1  - Accession Number: 14510815; Kratz, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.kratz@nasa.gov Mlynczak, Martin G. 1 Mertens, Christopher J. 1 Brindley, Helen 2 Gordley, Larry L. 3 Martin-Torres, Javier 4 Miskolczi, Ferenc M. 4 Turner, David D. 5; Affiliation:  1: Radiation and Aerosols Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Space and Atmospheric Physics Group, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK  3: G&A Technical Software, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  4: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 90 Issue 3/4, p323; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Far-infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: FIRST; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inter-comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line-by-line; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.04.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Chiou, Linda S.
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Wood, Stephen W.
T1  - Long-term trend in <f>CHF2Cl</f> (HCFC-22) from high spectral resolution infrared solar absorption measurements and comparison with in situ measurements
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 90
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 367
EP  - 375
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The average tropospheric volume mixing ratio of <f>CHF2Cl</f> (HCFC-22) has been retrieved from a time series of high spectral resolution ground-based infrared solar absorption spectra recorded with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer located at the U.S. National Solar Observatory facility on Kitt Peak in southern Arizona (<f>31.9°N</f>, <f>111.6°W</f>, <f>2.09 km</f> altitude) for the time period October 1987–November 2002. The retrievals are based on fits to the well-isolated, unresolved <f>2ν6</f> Q branch at <f>829.05 cm-1</f> and the SFIT2 retrieval algorithm. The measured daily averages show a near linear rise per year in the mean tropospheric volume mixing ratio as a function of time with a best fit yielding an average increase rate of (<f>5.66±0.15</f>) parts per trillion (<f>10-12</f>) by volume per year, corresponding to (<f>6.47±0.17)%yr-1</f>, 1 sigma, at the beginning of the time series. The tropospheric mixing ratios retrieved from the solar spectra have been compared with monthly average surface flask sampling measurements from the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostic Laboratory (CMDL) station at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (<f>40.0°N</f>, <f>105.5°W</f>, <f>3013 m</f> altitude), archived measurement from the same location, and early CMDL northern hemisphere Pacific cruise measurements. The average ratio of the retrieved tropospheric mixing ratio relative to the CMDL surface mixing ratio is 1.053 for the overlapping 1987 to 2002 time period. The retrieved mean tropospheric mixing ratio is consistent with the surface measurements within the errors estimated for the remote sensing observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - OZONE
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 14510817; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Chiou, Linda S. 2 Goldman, Aaron 3; Email Address: goldman@acd.ucar.edu Wood, Stephen W. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences Competency, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-3142, USA  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, VA, USA  3: University of Denver, Department of Physics, 2112 E Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80208, USA  4: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd., Lauder, Private Bag 50061, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 90 Issue 3/4, p367; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: OZONE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.04.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Albarado, Tesia L.
AU  - Hollerman, William A.
AU  - Edwards, David
AU  - Hubbs, Whitney
AU  - Semmel, Charles
T1  - Electron Exposure Measurements of Candidate Solar Sail Materials.
JO  - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
JF  - Journal of Solar Energy Engineering
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 127
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 130
SN  - 01996231
AB  - Solar sailing is a unique form of propulsion Where a spacecraft gains momentum from incident photons. Since sails are not limited by reaction mass, they provide continual acceleration, reduced only by the lifetime of the lightweight film in the space en vironment and the distance to the Sun. Practical solar sails can expand the number of possible missions that are difficult by conventional means. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is concentrating research into the utilization of ultra lightweight materials for spacecraft propulsion. Solar sails are generally composed of a highly reflective metallic front layer a thin polymeric substrate, and occasionally a highly emissive back surface. The Space Environmental Effects Team at MSFC is actively characterizing candidate sails to evaluate the thermo-optical and mechanical properties after exposure to electrons. This paper will discuss the preliminary results of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Solar Energy Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR sails
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - RADIATION sources
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - Electron Exposure
KW  - Solar Sail
KW  - Space Radiation Environment
N1  - Accession Number: 16383643; Albarado, Tesia L. 1 Hollerman, William A. 1 Edwards, David 2 Hubbs, Whitney 2 Semmel, Charles 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, IJniversity of Louisiana at Lafayette, P.O. Box 44210, Lafayette, Louisiana 70504  2: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Stop ED31, MSFC, Alabama 35812  3: Qualis Corporation, 6767 Old Madison Pike, Huntsville, Alabama 35806; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 127 Issue 1, p125; Subject Term: SOLAR sails; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: RADIATION sources; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron Exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar Sail; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Radiation Environment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1823495
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheng, Qing-Min
AU  - Interrante, Leonard V.
AU  - Lienhard, Michael
AU  - Shen, Qionghua
AU  - Wu, Zhizhong
T1  - Methylene-bridged carbosilanes and polycarbosilanes as precursors to silicon carbide—from ceramic composites to SiC nanomaterials
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 233
EP  - 241
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Polymeric and oligomeric carbosilanes having Si atoms linked by methylene (<ce:glyph name="sbnd" />CH2<ce:glyph name="sbnd" />) groups were used to prepare nano-sized tubules and bamboo-like SiC structures by both CVD and liquid precursor infiltration and pyrolysis inside of nanoporous alumina filter disks, followed by dissolution of the alumina template in HF(aq). These initially amorphous SiC structures were characterized by SEM, EMPA, TEM, and XRD. Typical outer diameters of the SiC nanotubes (NTs) were 200–300nm with 20–40nm wall thicknesses and lengths up to the thickness of the original alumina templates, ca. 60μm. In the case of the CVD-derived SiC NTs, annealing these structures up to 1600°C in an Ar atmosphere yielded a nanocrystalline β-SiC or β-SiC/C composite in the shape of the original NTs, while in the case of the liquid precursor-derived nanostructures, conversion to a collection of single crystal SiC nanofibers and other small particles was observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - SILANE
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ALUMINATES
KW  - Oligomeric components
KW  - Organosilicon chemistry
KW  - Polycarbosilane
N1  - Accession Number: 14972970; Cheng, Qing-Min; Email Address: interl@rpi.edu Interrante, Leonard V. Lienhard, Michael 1 Shen, Qionghua 2 Wu, Zhizhong 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Starfire Systems Inc., Saratoga Technology and Energy Park, 10 Hermes Road, Malta, NY 12020, USA  3: Chemistry Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180-3590, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 25 Issue 2/3, p233; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Subject Term: SILANE; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ALUMINATES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oligomeric components; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organosilicon chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycarbosilane; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.08.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Çiftçio&gcaron;lu, Neva
AU  - Haddad, Ruwaida S.
AU  - Golden, D. C.
AU  - Morrison, Dennis R.
AU  - McKay, David S.
T1  - A potential cause for kidney stone formation during space flights: Enhanced growth of nanobacteria in microgravity.
JO  - Kidney International
JF  - Kidney International
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 67
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 483
EP  - 491
SN  - 00852538
AB  - A potential cause for kidney stone formation during space flights: Enhanced growth of nanobacteria in microgravity.Background.Although some information is available regarding the cellular/molecular changes in immune system exposed to microgravity, little is known about the reasons of the increase in the kidney stone formation in astronauts during and/or after long duration missions at zero gravity (0g). In our earlier studies, we have assessed a unique agent, nanobacteria (NB), in kidney stones and hypothesized that NB have an active role in calcium phosphate-carbonate deposition in kidney. In this research we studied effect of microgravity on multiplication and calcification of NB in vitro.Methods.We examined NB cultures in High Aspect Rotating Vessels (HARVs) designed at the NASA's Johnson Space Center, which are designed to stimulate some aspects of microgravity. Multiplication rate and calcium phosphate composition of those NB were compared with NB cultured on stationary and shaker flasks. Collected aliquots of the cultures from different incubation periods were analyzed using spectrophotometer, SEM, TEM, EDX, and x-ray diffraction techniques.Results.The results showed that NB multiplied 4.6× faster in HARVs compared to stationary cultures, and 3.2× faster than shaker flask conditions. X-ray diffraction and EDX analysis showed that the degree of apatite crystal formation and the properties of the apatite depend on the specific culture conditions used.Conclusion.We now report an increased multiplication rate of NB in microgravity-simulated conditions. Thus, NB infection may have a potential role in kidney stone formation in crew members during space flights. For further proof to this hypothesis, screening of the NB antigen and antibody level in flight crew before and after flight would be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Kidney International is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KIDNEY stones
KW  - CALCIUM in the body
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - KIDNEY diseases -- Diagnosis
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - IMMUNE system
KW  - kidney stones
KW  - micro gravity.
KW  - nanobacteria
N1  - Accession Number: 15545655; Çiftçio&gcaron;lu, Neva 1; Email Address: nciftcio@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Haddad, Ruwaida S. 2 Golden, D. C. 3 Morrison, Dennis R. McKay, David S.; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas.  2: Hernandez Engineering, Inc., Houston, Texas.  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 67 Issue 2, p483; Subject Term: KIDNEY stones; Subject Term: CALCIUM in the body; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: KIDNEY diseases -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: IMMUNE system; Author-Supplied Keyword: kidney stones; Author-Supplied Keyword: micro gravity.; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanobacteria; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.67105.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodgers, S.D.
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
T1  - Suprathermal chemical reactions driven by fast hydrogen atoms in cometary comae.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2005/02//2/1/2005
VL  - 356
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1542
EP  - 1548
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We have investigated the role that energetic hydrogen atoms, produced in cometary comae by the photodissociation of water molecules, could have in driving chemical reactions that are endothermic, or possess activation energy barriers. We have developed a model of the density and energy spectrum of these atoms in the coma and have incorporated a number of reactions driven by fast H atoms into our existing coma model. We find that, in high-activity comets close to the Sun, such reactions are competitive with direct photodissociation as the principal destruction mechanism for molecules with long lifetimes in the solar radiation field. We show that measurements of the CH2OH : CH3O ratio may be used to assess the importance of suprathermal reactions in the coma. We also confirm that these reactions are probably unable to account for the observed HNC : HCN ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - SUN
KW  - COMETS
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - comets: general
KW  - molecular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 15643240; Rodgers, S.D. 1; Email Address: rodgers@dusty.arc.nasa.gov Charnley, S.B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2005, Vol. 356 Issue 4, p1542; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: comets: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.08606.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Kosovichev, Alexander
AU  - Levy, Doron
T1  - High-order shock-capturing methods for modeling dynamics of the solar atmosphere
JO  - Physica D
JF  - Physica D
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 201
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
SN  - 01672789
AB  - Abstract: We use one-dimensional high-order central shock-capturing numerical methods to study the response of various model solar atmospheres to forcing at the solar surface. The dynamics of the atmosphere is modeled with the Euler equations in a variable-sized flux tube in the presence of gravity. We study dynamics of the atmosphere suggestive of spicule formation and coronal oscillations. These studies are performed on observationally derived model atmospheres above the quiet sun and above sunspots. To perform these simulations, we provide a new extension of existing second- and third-order shock-capturing methods to irregular grids. We also solve the problem of numerically maintaining initial hydrostatic balance via the introduction of new variables in the model equations and a careful initialization mechanism. We find several striking results: all model atmospheres respond to a single impulsive perturbation with several strong shock waves consistent with the rebound-shock model. These shock waves lift material and the transition region well into the initial corona, and the sensitivity of this lift to the initial impulse depends nonlinearly on the details of the atmosphere model. We also reproduce an observed 3 min coronal oscillation above sunspots as well as 5 min oscillations above the quiet sun. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physica D is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - Balance laws
KW  - Conservation laws
KW  - Coronal oscillations
KW  - High-order central-upwind schemes
KW  - Rebound-shock models
KW  - Source terms
KW  - Spicules
N1  - Accession Number: 19181759; Bryson, Steve 1; Email Address: bryson@nas.nasa.gov Kosovichev, Alexander 2; Email Address: sasha@quake.stanford.edu Levy, Doron 3; Email Address: dlevy@math.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Program in Scientific Computing/Computational Mathematics, Stanford University and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2125, USA  3: Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2125, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 201 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Balance laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coronal oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order central-upwind schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rebound-shock models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Source terms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spicules; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physd.2004.12.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richards, Paul L.
AU  - McCreight, Craig R.
T1  - Infrared Detectors for Astrophysics.
JO  - Physics Today
JF  - Physics Today
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 47
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00319228
AB  - Focuses on infrared (IR) detectors used in astronomical instruments.  Use of photovoltaic arrays of indium antimonide in detecting wavelengths; Physical principles of IR detectors; Purpose of sensor bolometers.
KW  - INFRARED detectors
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - BOLOMETERS
KW  - INDIUM
KW  - DETECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 15897578; Richards, Paul L. 1 McCreight, Craig R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Professor in the graduate school and a member of the department of physics, University of California  2: Chief, Project technology branch, NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p41; Subject Term: INFRARED detectors; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: BOLOMETERS; Subject Term: INDIUM; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4938
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scalice, Daniella
AU  - Wilmoth, Krisstina
T1  - Professional Development and Resource for Educators in Astrobiology.
JO  - Science Teacher
JF  - Science Teacher
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 72
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 10
SN  - 00368555
AB  - Looks into the works of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute in the field of astrobiology. Result of the interdisciplinary research in astrobiology; Commitment of the researchers to educators; Innovation and delivery of classroo materials and professional development for educators in astrobiology.
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching
KW  - TEACHERS
KW  - EDUCATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 15837072; Scalice, Daniella 1; Email Address: dscalice@mail.arc.nasa.gov Wilmoth, Krisstina 1; Email Address: Krisstina.L.Wilmoth@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 72 Issue 2, p10; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: TEACHERS; Subject Term: EDUCATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whittle, Jon
AU  - Kwan, Richard
AU  - Saboo, Jyoti
T1  - From scenarios to code: An air traffic control case study.
JO  - Software & Systems Modeling
JF  - Software & Systems Modeling
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 93
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 16191366
AB  - There has been much recent interest in synthesis algorithms that generate finite state machines from scenarios of intended system behavior. One of the uses of such algorithms is in the transition from requirements scenarios to design. Despite much theoretical work on the nature of these algorithms, there has been very little work on applying the algorithms to practical applications. In this paper, we apply the Whittle&Schumann synthesis algorithm [32] to a component of an air traffic advisory system under development at NASA Ames Research Center. We not only apply the algorithm to generate state machine designs from scenarios but also show how to generate code from the generated state machines using existing commercial code generation tools. The results demonstrate the possibility of generating application code directly from scenarios of system behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Software & Systems Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AIR traffic control -- Software
KW  - MACHINE design
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Case study
KW  - Code generation
KW  - Scenario
KW  - Software modeling
KW  - State machine
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 15932796; Whittle, Jon 1; Email Address: jonathw@email.arc.nasa.gov Kwan, Richard 2; Email Address: rkwan@mail.arc.nasa.gov Saboo, Jyoti 1; Email Address: jsaboo@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc./NASA Ames Research Center  2: Aerospace Computing Inc./NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p71; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AIR traffic control -- Software; Subject Term: MACHINE design; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Case study; Author-Supplied Keyword: Code generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scenario; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: State machine; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333999 All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10270-004-0067-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack
T1  - Formation of the Outer Planets.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 116
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 24
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Models of the origins of gas giant planets and ‘ice’ giant planets are discussed and related to formation theories of both smaller objects (terrestrial planets) and larger bodies (stars). The most detailed models of planetary formation are based upon observations of our own Solar System, of young stars and their environments, and of extrasolar planets. Stars form from the collapse, and sometimes fragmentation, of molecular cloud cores. Terrestrial planets are formed within disks around young stars via the accumulation of small dust grains into larger and larger bodies until the planetary orbits become well enough separated that the configuration is stable for the lifetime of the system. Uranus and Neptune almost certainly formed via a bottom-up (terrestrial planet-like) mechanism; such a mechanism is also the most likely origin scenario for Saturn and Jupiter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - giant planets
KW  - planet formation
KW  - solar nebula
N1  - Accession Number: 17225840; Lissauer, Jack 1; Email Address: jlissauer@ringside.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 1/2, p11; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: GAS giants; Author-Supplied Keyword: giant planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar nebula; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-005-1945-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale
T1  - Triton, Pluto, Centaurs, and Trans-Neptunian Bodies.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 116
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 439
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The diverse populations of icy bodies of the outer Solar System (OSS) give critical information on the composition and structure of the solar nebula and the early phases of planet formation. The two principal repositories of icy bodies are the Kuiper belt or disk, and the Oort Cloud, both of which are the source regions of the comets. Nearly 1000 individual Kuiper belt objects have been discovered; their dynamical distribution is a clue to the early outward migration and gravitational scattering power of Neptune. Pluto is perhaps the largest Kuiper belt object. Pluto is distinguished by its large satellite, a variable atmosphere, and a surface composed of several ices and probable organic solid materials that give it color. Triton is probably a former member of the Kuiper belt population, suggested by its retrograde orbit as a satellite of Neptune. Like Pluto, Triton has a variable atmosphere, compositionally diverse icy surface, and an organic atmospheric haze. Centaur objects appear to come from the Kuiper belt and occupy temporary orbits in the planetary zone; the compositional similarity of one well studied Centaur (5145 Pholus) to comets is notable. New discoveries continue apace, as observational surveys reveal new objects and refined observing techniques yield more physical information about specific bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRITON (Satellite)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - NEPTUNE (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Centaurs
KW  - ice
KW  - infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Kuiper Belt Objects
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Triton
N1  - Accession Number: 17225859; Cruikshank, Dale 1; Email Address: Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett  Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 1/2, p421; Subject Term: TRITON (Satellite); Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: NEPTUNE (Planet) -- Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centaurs; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper Belt Objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triton; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-005-1964-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
T1  - Uncertainty Quantification for Systems with Random Initial Conditions Using Wiener–Hermite Expansions.
JO  - Studies in Applied Mathematics
JF  - Studies in Applied Mathematics
Y1  - 2005/02//
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
EP  - 188
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00222526
AB  - A number of engineering problems, including laminar-turbulent transition in convectively unstable flows, require predicting the evolution of a nonlinear dynamical system under uncertain initial conditions. The method of Wiener–Hermite expansion is an attractive alternative to modeling methods, which solve for the joint probability density function of the stochastic amplitudes. These problems include the“curse of dimensionality” and closure problems. In this paper, we apply truncated Wiener–Hermite expansions with both fixed and time-varying bases to a model stochastic system with three degrees of freedom. The model problem represents the combined effects of quadratic nonlinearity and stochastic initial conditions in a generic setting and occurs in related forms in both classical dynamics, turbulence theory, and the nonlinear theory of hydrodynamic stability. In this problem, the truncated Wiener–Hermite expansions give a good account of short-time behavior, but not of the long-time relaxation characteristic of this system. It is concluded that successful application of truncated Wiener–Hermite expansions may require special adaptations for each physical problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Studies in Applied Mathematics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - STOCHASTIC systems
N1  - Accession Number: 15557063; Rubinstein, Robert 1; Email Address: r.rubinstein@larc.nasa.gov Choudhari, Meelan; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 114 Issue 2, p167; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC systems; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.0022-2526.2005.01543.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Arthur R.
AU  - Chen, Tzi-Kang
T1  - Approximating thermo-viscoelastic heating of largely strained solid rubber components
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2005/02/04/
VL  - 194
IS  - 2-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 313
EP  - 325
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Abstract: Mechanically induced viscoelastic dissipation is difficult to compute when the constitutive model is defined by history integrals. The computation of the viscous energy dissipated is in the form of a double convolution integral. In this study, we present a method to approximate the dissipation for constitutive models in history integral form that represent Maxwell-like materials. The dissipation is obtained without directly computing the double convolution integral. The approximation requires that the total stress can be separated into elastic and viscous components, and that the relaxation form of the constitutive law is defined with a Prony series. A numerical approach often taken to approximate a history integral involves interpolating the history integral’s kernel across a time step. Integration then yields finite difference equations for the evolution of the viscous stresses in time. In the case when the material is modeled with a Prony series, the form of these finite difference equations is similar to the form of the finite difference equations for a Maxwell solid. Since the dissipation rate in a Maxwell solid can be easily computed from knowledge of its viscous stress and the Prony series constants (spring-dashpot constants), we computationally investigated employing a Maxwell solid’s dissipation function to couple thermal and large strain history integral based finite element models of solid rubber components. Numerical data is provided to support this analogy and to help understand its limitations. A rubber cylinder with an imbedded steel disk is dynamically loaded, and the non-uniform heating within the cylinder is computed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
KW  - RUBBER
KW  - DIFFERENCE equations
KW  - Hysteretic heating
KW  - Thermo-mechanical heating
KW  - Viscoelasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 15822226; Johnson, Arthur R.; Email Address: arthur.r.johnson@nasa.gov Chen, Tzi-Kang 1; Affiliation:  1: Army Research Laboratory, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 240, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 194 Issue 2-5, p313; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; Subject Term: RUBBER; Subject Term: DIFFERENCE equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hysteretic heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermo-mechanical heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoelasticity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326291 Rubber Product Manufacturing for Mechanical Use; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cma.2004.03.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15822226&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
AU  - Spangler, Jan L.
T1  - A least-squares variational method for full-field reconstruction of elastic deformations in shear-deformable plates and shells
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2005/02/04/
VL  - 194
IS  - 2-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 339
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Abstract: A variational principle is formulated for the inverse problem of full-field reconstruction of three-dimensional plate/shell deformations from experimentally measured surface strains. The formulation is based upon the minimization of a least-squares functional that uses the complete set of strain measures consistent with linear, first-order shear-deformation theory. The formulation, which accommodates for transverse shear-deformation, is applicable for the analysis of thin and moderately thick plate and shell structures. The main benefit of the variational principle is that it is well-suited for C0-continuous displacement finite element discretizations, thus enabling the development of robust algorithms for application to complex civil and aeronautical structures. The methodology is especially aimed at the next generation of aerospace vehicles for use in real-time structural health monitoring systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Inverse problem
KW  - Least-squares functional
KW  - Plates and shells
KW  - Shear-deformation theory
KW  - Structural health monitoring
KW  - Variational principle
N1  - Accession Number: 15822227; Tessler, Alexander 1; Email Address: alexander.tessler-1@nasa.gov Spangler, Jan L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Analytical and Computational Methods, Mail Stop 240, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 194 Issue 2-5, p327; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Least-squares functional; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plates and shells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear-deformation theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variational principle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cma.2004.03.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15822227&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devarakonda, Angirasa
AU  - Xiong, Daxi
AU  - Beach, Duane E.
T1  - Intermediate Temperature Water Heat Pipe Tests.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 163
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Heat pipes are among the most promising technologies for space radiator systems. Water heat pipes are explored in the intermediate temperature range of 400 to above 500 K. The thermodynamic and thermo-physical properties of water are reviewed in this temperature range. Test data are reported for a copper-water heat pipe. The heat pipe was tested under different orientations. Water heat pipes show promise in this temperature range. Fabrication and testing issues are being addressed. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Radiators
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - COPPER
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HEATING
N1  - Accession Number: 16441517; Devarakonda, Angirasa 1; Email Address: Angirasa.Devarakonda@grc.nasa.gov Xiong, Daxi 2 Beach, Duane E. 3; Affiliation:  1: SEST/NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135.  2: NRC/NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, OH 44135.  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p158; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Radiators; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HEATING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867130
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441517&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devarakonda, Angirasa
AU  - Anderson, William G.
T1  - Thermo-Physical Properties of Intermediate Temperature Heat Pipe Fluids.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 186
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Heat pipes are among the most promising technologies for space radiator systems. The paper reports further evaluation of potential heat pipe fluids in the intermediate temperature range of 400 to 700 K in continuation of two recent reports. More thermo-physical property data are examined. Organic, inorganic and elemental substances are considered. The evaluation of surface tension and other fluid properties are examined. Halides are evaluated as potential heat pipe fluids. Reliable data are not available for all fluids and further database development is necessary. Many of the fluids considered are promising candidates as heat pipe fluids. Water is promising as a heat pipe fluid up to 500–550 K. Life test data for thermo-chemical compatibility are almost non-existent. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - HYDROSTATICS
KW  - HALIDES
KW  - DATABASE management
N1  - Accession Number: 16441514; Devarakonda, Angirasa 1; Email Address: Angirasa.Devarakonda@grc.nasa.gov Anderson, William G. 2; Email Address: Bill.Anderson@1-ACT.com; Affiliation:  1: SEST/NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland 44135.  2: Advanced Cooling Technologies, 1046 New Holland Ave., Lancaster, PA 17601.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p179; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: HYDROSTATICS; Subject Term: HALIDES; Subject Term: DATABASE management; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867133
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441514&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, George R.
AU  - Abelson, Robert D.
AU  - Wiley, Robert L.
T1  - Benefit of Small Radioisotope Power Systems for NASA Exploration Missions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 302
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The increased use of smaller spacecraft over the last decade, in combination with studies of potential science applications, has suggested the need for Radioisotope Power Systems (RPSs) yielding much lower power levels than the 100 watt-scale devices used in the past. Small milliwatt to multiwatt-scale RPS units have the potential to extend the capability of small science payloads and instruments, and to enable many new mission applications. Such units could also find application in future human exploration missions involving use of monitoring stations and autonomous devices, similar to the ALSEP units deployed on the Moon during the Apollo program. Although flight-qualified RPS units in this size and power range do not presently exist, their potential to support a broad range of exploration tasks has led NASA and the Department of Energy (DOE) to consider the development of small-RPS units such that they might be available for missions by the early part of next decade. This paper summarizes the results of activities to date and provides possible options for future development. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Energy
N1  - Accession Number: 16441501; Schmidt, George R. 1; Email Address: George.Schmidt@nasa.gov Abelson, Robert D. 2 Wiley, Robert L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA.  2: Mission and Systems Architecture Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  3: Office of Space and Defense Power Systems, U.S. Department of Energy, Germantown, MD 29874, USA.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p295; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867146
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441501&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Penswick, L. Barry
AU  - Schreiber, Jeffery
T1  - Small Stirling Cycle Convertors.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 386
EP  - 393
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Stirling convertor concept continues to be a viable potential candidate for various space power applications at electrical power levels ranging from greater than 100 KW to on the order of 10+watts. Various development efforts, both in the past and currently underway, have clearly demonstrated the potential for long operating life of this concept, its high efficiency in comparison to alternative power systems (>50% of Carnot based on electric power out to heat in), and its excellent specific power characteristics. A truly unique attribute of the Stirling convertor is the ability to maintain many of these same advantages at significantly lower electrical power levels (on the order of 1 watt and below). This provides the opportunity for a wider range of potential space power applications and the use of alternative heat sources operating at dramatically lower hot-end temperatures (about 250 °C vs. current values of about 650 °C). An overview of low-power Stirling convertors and related Stirling cooler technology is provided with an emphasis on assessing the technical maturity of this concept’s key components at the low power level of interest. A conceptual design of a small, 1-watt (electrical output) Stirling convertor utilizing multiple Low Weight Radioisotope Heater Unit heat sources will be described. Key technical issues in the development of this power level Stirling convertor are discussed. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - POWER plants
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - ELECTRICITY
KW  - ELECTRIC utilities
N1  - Accession Number: 16441493; Penswick, L. Barry 1; Email Address: lbpeng@saw.net Schreiber, Jeffery 2; Affiliation:  1: Sest Inc., 18000 Jefferson Park, Suite 104, Middleburg Heights, OH 44130.  2: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p386; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: POWER plants; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Subject Term: ELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC utilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221111 Hydroelectric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221115 Wind Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221116 Geothermal Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221118 Other Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867154
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441493&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Drinker, Richard W.
AU  - Reddy, Anil
AU  - Heshmatpour, Ben
AU  - Snyder, G. Jeffrey
AU  - Tuttle, Karen L.
T1  - Advanced Superlattice BiTe-PbTe/TAGS Milliwatt Radioisotope Power System.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 410
EP  - 420
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The objective of this effort, under NASA’s Project Prometheus, the Nuclear Systems Program, is to develop a high efficiency thermoelectric (T/E) energy conversion device to power milliwatt radioisotope power systems (mWRPS) for future NASA space science applications. The conversion efficiency goal is 8% at a power output level of 50 to several hundred mW. A two stage cascaded T/E module design is being used to achieve these program objectives. This concept incorporates the advanced superlattice BiTe thermoelectric device technology, which is under development by Research Triangle institute (RTI), with Teledyne’s segmented T/E couple technology. The hot stage device in the cascade is comprised of Teledyne’s PbTe/TAGS/PbSnTe segmented T/E couple which is glass bonded into a monolithic multicouple configuration. The cold stage device is an RTI developed thin film superlattice BiTe based multicouple device. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - NUCLEAR engineering
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - PLANE geometry
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - THICK films
N1  - Accession Number: 16441490; Drinker, Richard W. 1 Reddy, Anil 2 Heshmatpour, Ben 1; Email Address: ben.heshmatpour@teledynees.com Snyder, G. Jeffrey 3 Tuttle, Karen L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Teledyne Energy Systems, Inc., Hunt Valley, MD 21031.  2: Research Triangle Institute, 3040 Cornwallis Rd., Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 277-207, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109.  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 500-103, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p410; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: NUCLEAR engineering; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: PLANE geometry; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: THICK films; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867157
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441490&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, David J.
T1  - NASA Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology NRA Overview.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 428
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The focus of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) Development program is aimed at developing nuclear power and technologies that would improve the effectiveness of space science missions. The Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology (RPCT) NASA Research Announcement (NRA) is an important mechanism through which research and technology activities are supported in the Advanced Power Conversion Research and Technology project of the Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems Development program. The purpose of the RPCT NRA is to advance the development of radioisotope power conversion technologies to provide higher efficiencies and specific powers than existing systems. These advances would enable a factor of 2 to 4 decrease in the amount of fuel and a reduction of waste heat required to generate electrical power, and thus could result in more cost effective science missions for NASA. The RPCT NRA selected advanced RPS power conversion technology research and development proposals in the following three areas: innovative RPS power conversion research, RPS power conversion technology development in a nominal 100We scale; and, milliwatt/multi-watt RPS (mWRPS) power conversion research. Ten RPCT NRA contracts were awarded in 2003 in the areas of Brayton, Stirling, thermoelectric (TE), and thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power conversion technologies. This paper will provide an overview of the RPCT NRA, a summary of the power conversion technologies approaches being pursued, and a brief digest of first year accomplishments. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - RADIOACTIVE substances
KW  - NUCLEAR engineering
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - WASTE minimization
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 16441489; Anderson, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Anderson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p421; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE substances; Subject Term: NUCLEAR engineering; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: WASTE minimization; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867158
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441489&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, George R.
AU  - Wiley, Robert L.
AU  - Richardson, Rebecca L.
AU  - Furlong, Richard R.
T1  - NASA’s Program for Radioisotope Power System Research and Development.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
EP  - 436
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Radioisotope Power System (RPS) research and development is vital to a variety of future NASA space science and exploration missions. The objectives of NASA’s current RPS activities are threefold: (1) develop new radioisotope power sources for missions that would launch by the end of the decade; (2) advance promising power conversion technologies to increase the specific power and performance of future RPS units; and (3) assess and facilitate the use of advanced RPS technologies for new mission applications. The program consists of two flight unit development projects, a set of 10 competitively-selected research and development efforts in power conversion technology, focused research tasks on thermoelectric and Stirling energy conversion, and system analyses to support selection of technologies and evaluation of RPS for promising mission applications. This paper describes the content of the program, and discusses its future direction. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - NEW product development
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - COSMOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16441488; Schmidt, George R. 1; Email Address: George.Schmidt@nasa.gov Wiley, Robert L. 2 Richardson, Rebecca L. 2 Furlong, Richard R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA.  2: Office of Space and Defense Power Systems, U.S. Department of Energy, Germantown, MD 29874, USA.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p429; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: NEW product development; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541613 Marketing Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867159
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441488&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fusselman, Steven P.
AU  - Borowski, Stanley K.
AU  - Frye, Patrick E.
AU  - Gunn, Stanley V.
AU  - Morrison, Calvin Q.
T1  - NERVA-Derived Concept for a Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rocket.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 512
EP  - 519
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Nuclear Thermal Rocket is an enabling technology for human exploration missions. The “bimodal” NTR (BNTR) provides a novel approach to meeting both propulsion and power requirements of future manned and robotic missions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tie-tube cooling configurations, NTR performance, Brayton cycle performance, and LOX-Augmented NTR (LANTR) feasibility to arrive at a point of departure BNTR configuration for subsequent system definition. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - FEASIBILITY studies
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - FLYING-machines
KW  - ROBOTS
N1  - Accession Number: 16441480; Fusselman, Steven P. 1; Email Address: steven.p.fusselman@boeing.com Borowski, Stanley K. 2 Frye, Patrick E. 1 Gunn, Stanley V. 1 Morrison, Calvin Q. 1; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Company, Rocketdyne Propulsion & Power, P. O. Box 7922, Canoga Park, CA 91309-7922.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p512; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: FEASIBILITY studies; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: FLYING-machines; Subject Term: ROBOTS; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867167
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flanders, Laffite A.
AU  - Drinker, Richard W.
AU  - Heshmatpour, Ben
AU  - Moul, David S.
AU  - Fleurial, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Tuttle, Karen L.
T1  - Improvements in Materials and Processes for Segmented BiTe/PbTe-BiTe/TAGS/PbSnTe based Thermoelectric Generators.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 564
EP  - 571
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The objective of this effort, under NASA’s Project Prometheus, the Nuclear Systems Program, is to develop a high efficiency thermoelectric (T/E) energy conversion device to power radioisotope power systems (RPS) for future NASA space science applications. The conversion efficiency goal is 10% or higher at a power output level of 20 W or higher. The T/E efficiency achievable with the present T/E materials is about 8.5%. To increase the conversion efficiency, the T/E material properties as well as the T/E couple thermal and electrical performance need to be improved. By altering and optimizing the compositional make up, homogeneity and the microstructural characteristics such as the grain size and the phases present the T/E material properties can be improved. The T/E couple performance can be improved by reducing the electrical and thermal contact resistances as well as the physical integrity of the segmented T/E elements. The latter characteristics are improved by reducing the thermo-mechanical stresses, improving the quality of the bonds and interfaces, minimizing the number of required bonds, and reducing the degradation rate of the T/E materials and the bonds. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ELECTRIC heating
KW  - ELECTRIC generators
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
N1  - Accession Number: 16441473; Flanders, Laffite A. 1 Drinker, Richard W. 1 Heshmatpour, Ben 1; Email Address: ben.heshmatpour@teledynees.com Moul, David S. 1 Fleurial, Jean-Pierre 2 Tuttle, Karen L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Teledyne Energy Systems, Inc., Hunt Valley, MD 21031.  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 277-207, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109.  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 500-103, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p564; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ELECTRIC heating; Subject Term: ELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867174
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441473&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crowley, Christopher J.
AU  - Elkouh, Nabil A.
AU  - Murray, Susan
AU  - Chubb, Donald L.
T1  - Thermophotovoltaic Converter Performance for Radioisotope Power Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 601
EP  - 614
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The development of lightweight, efficient power for emerging NASA missions and recent advances in thermophotovoltaic (TPV) conversion technology have renewed interest in combining radioisotope heat sources with photovoltaic energy conversion for Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) for spacecraft. TPV power conversion uses advanced materials able to utilize a broader, spectrally tuned range of wavelengths for more efficient power conversion than Si solar cells. Spectral control, through choices of selective radiant emitters, TPV modules, and filters, is key to high-efficiency operation. This paper describes performance tests of an array of TPV cells with boundary conditions prototypical of an RPS. TPV performance tests were conducted at prototypical array size (≅100 cm2), emitter temperature (1350 K), and heat rejection temperature (300 K). Test hardware included InGaAs TPV cells at 0.60 eV band-gap, with tandem plasma/interference filters for spectral control. At the target emitter temperature of 1350 K, a conversion efficiency of 19% has been demonstrated for the TPV module. Results are consistent with measured cell efficiency (28%), calculated spectral control efficiency (80%), and calculated thermal efficiency in the optical cavity (90%). © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 16441469; Crowley, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: cjc@creare.com Elkouh, Nabil A. 1 Murray, Susan 2 Chubb, Donald L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Creare Inc., P.O. Box 71, Hanover, NH 03755.  2: Emcore Corporation, 10420 Research Road SE, Albuquerque, NM 87123.  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p601; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867178
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441469&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shah, Ashwin
AU  - Korovaichuk, Igor
AU  - Geng, Steven M.
AU  - Schreiber, Jeffrey G.
T1  - Reliability of Radioisotope Stirling Convertor Linear Alternator.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 641
EP  - 647
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Onboard radioisotope power systems being developed and planned for NASA’s deep-space missions would require reliable design lifetimes of up to 14 yr. Critical components and materials of Stirling convertors have been undergoing extensive testing and evaluation in support of a reliable performance for the specified life span. Of significant importance to the successful development of the Stirling convertor is the design of a lightweight and highly efficient linear alternator. Alternator performance could vary due to small deviations in the permanent magnet properties, operating temperature, and component geometries. Durability prediction and reliability of the alternator may be affected by these deviations from nominal design conditions. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effect of these uncertainties in predicting the reliability of the linear alternator performance. This paper presents a study in which a reliability-based methodology is used to assess alternator performance. The response surface characterizing the induced open-circuit voltage performance is constructed using 3-D finite element magnetic analysis. Fast probability integration method is used to determine the probability of the desired performance and its sensitivity to the alternator design parameters. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MAGNETS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - RELIABILITY (Personality trait)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 16441465; Shah, Ashwin 1; Email Address: ashwin1@Ameritech.net Korovaichuk, Igor 1 Geng, Steven M. 2 Schreiber, Jeffrey G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Sest, Inc, 18000 Jefferson Park, Suite 104, Middleburg Heights, OH 44130.  2: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p641; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: MAGNETS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Personality trait); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867182
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441465&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tew, Roy C.
AU  - Dyson, Rodger W.
AU  - Wilson, Scott D.
AU  - Demko, Rikako
T1  - Overview 2004 of NASA-Stirling Convertor CFD Model Development and Regenerator R&D Efforts.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 648
EP  - 657
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper reports on accomplishments in 2004 in (1) development of Stirling-convertor CFD models at NASA GRC and via a NASA grant, (2) a Stirling regenerator-research effort being conducted via a NASA grant (a follow-on effort to an earlier DOE contract), and (3) a regenerator-microfabrication contract for development of a “next-generation Stirling regenerator.” Cleveland State University is the lead organization for all three grant/contractual efforts, with the University of Minnesota and Gedeon Associates as subcontractors. Also, the Stirling Technology Co. and Sunpower, Inc. are both involved in all three efforts, either as funded or unfunded participants. International Mezzo Technologies of Baton Rouge, LA is the regenerator fabricator for the regenerator-microfabrication contract. Results of the efforts in these three areas are summarized. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - HEAT engines
KW  - CONTRACTS
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16441464; Tew, Roy C. 1; Email Address: Roy.C.Tew@nasa.gov Dyson, Rodger W. 1 Wilson, Scott D. 2 Demko, Rikako 2; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Energy Conversion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA.  2: Sest, Inc., Middleburg Heights, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p648; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: HEAT engines; Subject Term: CONTRACTS; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867183
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441464&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geng, Steven M.
AU  - Niedra, Janis M.
AU  - Schwarze, Gene E.
T1  - Overview of NASA Magnet and Linear Alternator Research Efforts.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 666
EP  - 673
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Department of Energy, Lockheed Martin, Stirling Technology Company, and NASA Glenn Research Center are developing a high-efficiency, 110 watt Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG110) for NASA Space Science missions. NASA Glenn is conducting in-house research on rare earth permanent magnets and on linear alternators to assist in developing a free-piston Stirling convertor for the SRG110 and for developing advanced technology. The permanent magnet research efforts include magnet characterization, short-term magnet aging tests, and long-term magnet aging tests. Linear alternator research efforts have begun just recently at GRC with the characterization of a moving iron type linear alternator using GRC’s alternator test rig. This paper reports on the progress and future plans of GRC’s magnet and linear alternator research efforts. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - FUEL
KW  - MAGNETS
KW  - HIGH technology industries
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - RARE earth metals
N1  - Accession Number: 16441462; Geng, Steven M. 1; Email Address: Steven.M.Geng@nasa.gov Niedra, Janis M. 2 Schwarze, Gene E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Energy Conversion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  2: QSS Group, Inc., 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  3: Advanced Electrical Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p666; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: FUEL; Subject Term: MAGNETS; Subject Term: HIGH technology industries; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: RARE earth metals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867185
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441462&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thieme, Lanny G.
AU  - Schreiber, Jeffrey G.
T1  - Supporting Development for the Stirling Radioisotope Generator and Advanced Stirling Technology Development at NASA GRC.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 674
EP  - 681
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A high-efficiency, 110-We (watts electric) Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG110) for possible use on future NASA Space Science missions is being developed by the Department of Energy, Lockheed Martin, Stirling Technology Company (STC), and NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC). Potential mission use includes providing spacecraft onboard electric power for deep space missions and power for unmanned Mars rovers. GRC is conducting an in-house supporting technology project to assist in SRG110 development. One-, three-, and six-month heater head structural benchmark tests have been completed in support of a heater head life assessment. Testing is underway to evaluate the key epoxy bond of the permanent magnets to the linear alternator stator lamination stack. GRC has completed over 10,000 hours of extended duration testing of the Stirling convertors for the SRG110, and a three-year test of two Stirling convertors in a thermal vacuum environment will be starting shortly. GRC is also developing advanced technology for Stirling convertors, aimed at substantially improving the specific power and efficiency of the convertor and the overall generator. Sunpower, Inc. has begun the development of a lightweight Stirling convertor, under a NASA Research Announcement (NRA) award, that has the potential to double the system specific power to about 8 We/kg. GRC has performed random vibration testing of a lower-power version of this convertor to evaluate robustness for surviving launch vibrations. STC has also completed the initial design of a lightweight convertor. Status of the development of a multi-dimensional computational fluid dynamics code and high-temperature materials work on advanced superalloys, refractory metal alloys, and ceramics are also discussed. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - FUEL
KW  - PRECIOUS metal alloys
KW  - ALLOYS
N1  - Accession Number: 16441461; Thieme, Lanny G. 1; Email Address: Lanny.G.Thieme@nasa.gov Schreiber, Jeffrey G. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.G.Schreiber@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, MS 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p674; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: FUEL; Subject Term: PRECIOUS metal alloys; Subject Term: ALLOYS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867186
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441461&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Paul K.
AU  - Mason, Lee S.
T1  - Design and Off-Design Performance of 100 kWe-Class Brayton Power Conversion Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 711
EP  - 718
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA Glenn Research Center in-house computer model Closed Cycle Engine Program (CCEP) was used to explore the design trade space and off-design performance characteristics of 100 kWe-class recuperated Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) power conversion systems. Input variables for a potential design point included the number of operating units (1, 2, 4), cycle peak pressure (0.5, 1, 2 MPa), and turbo-alternator shaft speed (30,45, 60 kRPM). The design point analysis assumed a fixed turbine inlet temperature (1150 K), compressor inlet temperature (400 K), helium-xenon working-fluid molecular weight (40 g/mol), compressor pressure ratio (2.0), recuperator effectiveness (0.95), and a Sodium-Potassium (NaK) pumped-loop radiator. The design point options were compared on the basis of thermal input power, radiator area, and mass. For a nominal design point with defined Brayton components and radiator area, off-design cases were examined by reducing turbine inlet temperature (as low as 900 K), reducing shaft speed (as low as 50% of nominal), and circulating a percentage (up to 20%) of the compressor exit flow back to the gas cooler. The off-design examination sought approaches to reduce thermal input power without freezing the radiator. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - AIR analysis
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
N1  - Accession Number: 16441457; Johnson, Paul K. 1; Email Address: Paul.K.Johnson@grc.nasa.gov Mason, Lee S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Energy Conversion Branch, Analex Corp., 2100 Brookpark Road, MS-301-2, Cleveland, OH 44135.  2: Thermal Energy Conversion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 2100 Brookpark Road, MS-301-2, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p711; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: AIR analysis; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867190
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441457&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frye, Patrick E.
AU  - Allen, Robert
AU  - Delventhal, Rex
T1  - Brayton Power Conversion System Study to Advance Technology Readiness for Nuclear Electric Propulsion — Phase I.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 727
EP  - 737
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - To investigate and mature space based nuclear power conversion technologies NASA awarded several contracts under Prometheus, the Nuclear Systems Program. The studies described in this paper were performed under one of those contracts, which was to investigate the use of a nuclear power conversion system based on the closed Brayton cycle (CBC). The conceptual design effort performed included BPCS (Brayton power conversion system) trade studies to minimize system weight and radiator area and advance the state of the art of BPCS technology. The primary requirements for studies were a power level of 100 kWe (to the PPU), a low overall power system mass (with a target of less than 3000 kg), and a lifetime of 15 years (10 years full power). For the radiation environment, the system was to operate in the generic space environment and withstand the extreme environments within the Jovian system. The studies defined a BPCS design traceable to NBP (Nuclear Electric Propulsion) requirements and suitable for future potential missions with a sound technology plan for TRL (Technical Readiness Level) advancement identified. The studies assumed a turbine inlet temperature ∼ 100C above the current the state of the art capabilities with materials issues identified and an approach for resolution developed. Analyses and evaluations of six HRS (heat rejection subsystem) concepts and PMAD (Power Management and Distribution) architecture trades will be discussed in the paper. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - ELECTRIC motors
KW  - RADIATORS
KW  - STEAM heating
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE environment
N1  - Accession Number: 16441455; Frye, Patrick E. 1; Email Address: patrick.e.frye@boeing.com Allen, Robert 1 Delventhal, Rex 2; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Company, P.O. Box 7922, Canoga Park, CA, 91309.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p727; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: ELECTRIC motors; Subject Term: RADIATORS; Subject Term: STEAM heating; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE environment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867192
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441455&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmitz, Paul C.
AU  - Schreiber, Jeffrey G.
AU  - Penswick, L. Barry
T1  - Feasibility Study of a Nuclear-Stirling Power Plant for the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 738
EP  - 749
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - NASA is undertaking the design of a new spacecraft to explore the planet Jupiter and its three moons Calisto, Ganymede and Europa. This proposed mission, known as Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) would use a nuclear reactor and an associated electrical generation system (Reactor Power Plant — RPP) to provide power to the spacecraft. The JIMO spacecraft is envisioned to use this power for science and communications as well as Electric Propulsion (EP). Among other potential power-generating concepts, previous studies have considered Thermoelectric and Brayton power conversion systems, coupled to a liquid metal reactor for the JIMO mission. This paper will explore trades in system mass and radiator area for a nuclear reactor power conversion system, however this study will focus on Stirling power conversion. Stirling convertors have a long heritage operating in both power generation and the cooler industry, and are currently in use in a wide variety of applications. The Stirling convertor modeled in this study is based upon the Component Test Power Convertor design that was designed and operated successfully under the Civil Space Technology Initiative for use with the SP-100 nuclear reactor in the 1980’s and early 1990’s. The baseline RPP considered in this study consists of four dual-opposed Stirling convertors connected to the reactor by a liquid lithium loop. The study design is such that two of the four convertors would operate at any time to generate the 100 kWe while the others are held in reserve. For this study the Stirling convertors hot-side temperature is 1050 K, would operate at a temperature ratio of 2.4 for a minimum mass system and would have a system efficiency of 29%. The Stirling convertor would generate high voltage (400 volt), 100 Hz single phase AC that is supplied to the Power Management and Distribution system. The waste heat is removed from the Stirling convertors by a flowing liquid sodium-potassium eutectic and then rejected by a shared radiator. The radiator consists of two coplanar wings, which would be deployed after the reactor is in space. For this study design, the radiators would be located behind the conical radiation shield of the reactor and fan out as the radiator’s distance from the reactor increases. System trades were performed to vary cycle state point temperatures and convertor design as well as power output. Other redundancy combinations were considered to understand the affects of convertor size and number of spares to the system mass. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 16441454; Schmitz, Paul C. 1; Email Address: Paul.C.Schmitz@grc.nasa.gov Schreiber, Jeffrey G. 2 Penswick, L. Barry 3; Affiliation:  1: Power Computing Solutions, Inc., Avon, OH 44011.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, MS 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135.  3: L. Barry Penswick Consulting, Stevenson, WA 98648.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p738; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867193
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441454&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ludwiczak, Damian R.
AU  - Le, Dzu K.
AU  - McNelis, Anne M.
AU  - Yu, Albert C.
AU  - Samorezov, Sergey
AU  - Hervol, Dave S.
T1  - Validation of a 2 kWe Closed-Brayton-Cycle Power Conversion System Mechanical Dynamics Model.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 750
EP  - 761
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Vibration test data from an operating 2-kWe closed-Brayton-cycle (CBC) power conversion system (PCS) located at the NASA Glenn Research Center was used for a comparison with a dynamic disturbance model of the same unit. This effort was performed to show that a dynamic disturbance model of a CBC PCS can be developed that can accurately predict the torque and vibration disturbance fields of such class of rotating machinery. The ability to accurately predict these disturbance fields is required before such hardware can be confidently integrated onto a spacecraft mission. Accurate predictions of CBC disturbance fields will be used for spacecraft control/structure interaction analyses and for understanding the vibration disturbances affecting the scientific instrumentation onboard. This paper discusses how test cell data measurements for the 2-kWe CBC PCS were obtained and the development of a dynamic disturbance model used to predict the vibration fields of the same unit. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC cycles
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - DYNAMIC testing
KW  - VIBRATION tests
KW  - TORQUE
N1  - Accession Number: 16441453; Ludwiczak, Damian R. 1; Email Address: damian.r.ludwiczak@nasa.gov Le, Dzu K. 2 McNelis, Anne M. 1 Yu, Albert C. 2 Samorezov, Sergey 3 Hervol, Dave S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Structural Systems Dynamics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  2: Experiment Systems and Controls Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  3: Engineering Branch, Glenn Engineering and Scientific Support Organization, Zin Technologies at NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  4: Mechanical Systems Branch, Glenn Engineering and Scientific Support Organization, Analex Corporation at NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p750; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC cycles; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: DYNAMIC testing; Subject Term: VIBRATION tests; Subject Term: TORQUE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867194
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441453&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leonhardt, Todd
AU  - Ritzert, Frank
T1  - Prototype Rhenium Component for Stirling Engine Power Conversion.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 853
EP  - 858
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Stirling engine power conversion concept is a candidate to provide electrical power for deep space missions. A key element for qualifying potential flight hardware is the long-term durability assessment for critical hot section components of the power converter. One such critical component is the power converter heater head, which is a high-temperature pressure vessel that transfers heat to the working gas medium of the converter. Rhenium is a candidate material for the heater head application because of its high melting point (3453 K), high elastic modulus (420 GPa), high yield and ultimate tensile strengths at both ambient and elevated temperatures, excellent ductility, and exceptional creep properties. Rhenium is also attractive due to the potential of near-net-shape (NNS) manufacturing techniques that allow components to be produced using less material, which lowers the overall cost of the component. The objective of this research was to demonstrate the manufacturing method using rhenium for this high-temperature power conversion application to provide space power system designers with generally applicable technology for future applications. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RHENIUM
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - HIGH pressure (Science)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - STEAM generators
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 16441440; Leonhardt, Todd 1,2; Email Address: todd.leonhardt@rhenium.com Ritzert, Frank 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Rhenium Alloys, Inc., Elyria, OH 44036.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p853; Subject Term: RHENIUM; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Science); Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: STEAM generators; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416120 Plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423720 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867207
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441440&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doyle, Monica M.
AU  - O'Neil, Daniel A.
AU  - Christensen, Carissa B.
T1  - Advanced Technology Lifecycle Analysis System (ATLAS) Technology Tool Box (TTB).
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1044
EP  - 1050
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Forecasting technology capabilities requires a tool and a process for capturing state-of-the-art technology metrics and estimates for future metrics. A decision support tool, known as the Advanced Technology Lifecycle Analysis System (ATLAS), contains a Technology Tool Box (TTB) database designed to accomplish this goal. Sections of this database correspond to a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) developed by NASA’s Exploration Systems Research and Technology (ESRT) Program. These sections cover the waterfront of technologies required for human and robotic space exploration. Records in each section include technology performance, operations, and programmatic metrics. Timeframes in the database provide metric values for the state of the art (Timeframe 0) and forecasts for timeframes that correspond to spiral development milestones in NASA’s Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) development strategy. Collecting and vetting data for the TTB will involve technologists from across the agency, the aerospace industry and academia. Technologists will have opportunities to submit technology metrics and forecasts to the TTB development team. Semi-annual forums will facilitate discussions about the basis of forecast estimates. As the tool and process mature, the TTB will serve as a powerful communication and decision support tool for the ESRT program. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - ELECTRONIC information resources
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 16441394; Doyle, Monica M. 1 O'Neil, Daniel A. 2 Christensen, Carissa B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC), 1515 Woodfield Rd, Suite 960, Schaumburg, IL 60173.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35801.  3: Tauri Group, 99 Canal Center Plaza, Suite 450, Alexandria, VA 22314.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p1044; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC information resources; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867228
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441394&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhasin, Kul
AU  - Hayden, Jeffrey L.
T1  - Creating Communications, Computing, and Networking Technology Development Road Maps for Future NASA Human and Robotic Missions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1051
EP  - 1062
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - For human and robotic exploration missions envisioned in the Vision for Exploration, roadmaps are needed for capability development and investments based on advanced technology developments. A roadmap development process was undertaken for the needed communications, computing, and networking capabilities and technologies for the future human and robotics missions. The underlying processes are derived from work carried out during development of the future space communications architecture, and NASA’s Space Architect Office (SAO) defined formats and structures for accumulating data. Interrelationships were established among emerging requirements, the capability analysis and technology status, and performance data. After developing an architectural communications and networking framework structured around the assumed needs for human and robotic exploration, in the vicinity of Earth, Moon, along the path to Mars, and in the vicinity of Mars, information was gathered from expert participants. This information was used to identify the capabilities expected from the new infrastructure and the technological gaps in the way of obtaining them. We define realistic, long-term space communication architectures based on emerging needs and translate the needs into interfaces, functions, and computer processing that will be required. In developing our roadmapping process, we defined requirements for achieving end-to-end activities that will be carried out by future NASA human and robotic missions. This paper describes: 1) the architectural framework developed for analysis; 2) our approach to gathering and analyzing data from NASA, industry, and academia; 3) an outline of the technology research to be done, including milestones for technology research and demonstrations with timelines; and 4) the technology roadmaps themselves. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - ASTRIONICS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR communication
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 16441393; Bhasin, Kul 1; Email Address: Kul.B.Bhasin@nasa.gov Hayden, Jeffrey L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  2: Glenn Research Center/Infinite Global Infrastructures, L.L.C., West Chicago, IL 60185, USA.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p1051; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: ASTRIONICS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR communication; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867229
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valentine, Peter G.
AU  - Lawrence, Timothy W.
AU  - Gubert, Michael K.
AU  - Milos, Frank S.
AU  - Levine, Stanley R.
AU  - Ohlhorst, Craig W.
AU  - Koenig, John R.
T1  - Lightweight Nonmetallic Thermal Protection Materials Technology.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1115
EP  - 1120
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - To fulfill President George W. Bush’s “Vision for Space Exploration” (NASA, 2004) — successful human and robotic missions to and from other solar system bodies in order to explore their atmospheres and surfaces — the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) must reduce the trip time, cost, and vehicle weight so that the payload and scientific experiments’ capabilities can be maximized. The new project described in this paper will generate thermal protection system (TPS) products that will enable greater fidelity in mission/vehicle design trade studies, support risk reduction for material selections, assist in the optimization of vehicle weights, and provide materials and processes templates for use in the development of human-rated TPS qualification and certification plans. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - BUSH, George W. (George Walker), 1946-
N1  - Accession Number: 16441388; Valentine, Peter G. 1; Email Address: Peter.G.Valentine@nasa.gov Lawrence, Timothy W. 1 Gubert, Michael K. 2 Milos, Frank S. 3 Levine, Stanley R. 4 Ohlhorst, Craig W. 5 Koenig, John R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Engineering Directorate, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, U.S.A.  2: Sverdrup Technology, Inc., NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, U.S.A.  3: Space Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.  4: Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, U.S.A.  5: Structures and Material Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.  6: Materials Research Department, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35211, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p1115; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: BUSH, George W. (George Walker), 1946-; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867237
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441388&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alhorn, Dean C.
T1  - Autonomous Assembly of Modular Structures in Space and on Extraterrestrial Locations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1121
EP  - 1128
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The new U.S. National Vision for Space Exploration requires many new enabling technologies to accomplish the goals of space commercialization and returning humans to the moon and extraterrestrial environments. Traditionally, flight elements are complete sub-systems requiring humans to complete the integration and assembly. These bulky structures also require the use of heavy launch vehicles to send the units to a desired location. This philosophy necessitates a high degree of safety, numerous space walks at a significant cost. Future space mission costs must be reduced and safety increased to reasonably achieve exploration goals. One proposed concept is the autonomous assembly of space structures. This concept is an affordable, reliable solution to in-space and extraterrestrial assembly. Assembly is autonomously performed when two components join after determining that specifications are correct. Local sensors continue monitor joint integrity post assembly, which is critical for safety and structural reliability. Achieving this concept requires a change in space structure design philosophy and the development of innovative technologies to perform autonomous assembly. Assembly of large space structures will require significant numbers of integrity sensors. Thus simple, low-cost sensors are integral to the success of this concept. This paper addresses these issues and proposes a novel concept for assembling space structures autonomously. Core technologies required to achieve in space assembly are presented. These core technologies are critical to the goal of utilizing space in a cost efficient and safe manner. Additionally, these novel technologies can be applied to other systems both on earth and extraterrestrial environments. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE industrialization
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite launching
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight)
N1  - Accession Number: 16441387; Alhorn, Dean C. 1; Email Address: dean.alhorn@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Marshall Space Flight Center, ED17, Huntsville, AL, 35812.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p1121; Subject Term: SPACE industrialization; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite launching; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867238
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441387&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crawford, James M.
AU  - Weisbin, Charles R.
T1  - Autonomous Operations for the Crew Exploration Vehicle — Trade Study Design Considerations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1145
EP  - 1152
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In the design of the operational concept for the CEV there are numerous choices regarding the locus of command and control. Systems such as power, propulsion, GN&C, life support, C&DH, etc. can be monitored and controlled by the flight crew, by onboard autonomous systems, by ground crew, or by ground autonomous systems. The decision of how to distribute control must be based on a complex trade-off between development and validation costs, operations costs, and reliability/risks. Getting these trade-offs wrong can lead to unnecessary growth in mission cost and risk, and unnecessary decreases in the time the crew has available for core exploration tasks. Over the next two years we will be performing an in depth analysis of the return on investment that we can expect from software tools that automate, or partially automate, the operation of CEV systems. In this paper we preview the issues in performing a trade study of this type, and the technical approach that will be used to gather and analyze the data required to perform this, and other similar, trade studies. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - LIFE support systems (Space environment)
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
N1  - Accession Number: 16441392; Crawford, James M. 1; Email Address: jc@email.arc.nasa.gov Weisbin, Charles R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p1145; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: LIFE support systems (Space environment); Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867241
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441392&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marzwell, Neville I.
AU  - Waterman, Robert D.
AU  - KrishnaKumar, Kalmanje
AU  - Waterman, Susan J.
T1  - How to Extend the Capabilities of Space Systems for Long Duration Space Exploration Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1153
EP  - 1162
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - For sustainable Exploration Missions the need exists to assemble systems-of-systems in space, on the Moon or on other planetary surfaces. To fulfill this need new and innovative system architectures must be developed to be modularized and launched with the present lift capability of existing rocket technology. To enable long duration missions with minimal redundancy and mass, system software and hardware must be reconfigurable. This will enable increased functionality and multiple use of launched assets while providing the capability to quickly overcome components failures. Additional required capability includes the ability to dynamically demate and reassemble individual system elements during a mission in order to recover from failed hardware or to adapt to changes in mission requirements. To meet the Space Exploration goals of Interoperability and Reconfigurability, many challenges must be addressed to transform the traditional static avionics architectures into architectures with dynamic capabilities. The objective of this paper is to introduce concepts associated with reconfigurable computer systems; to review the various needs and challenges associated with reconfigurable avionics space systems; to provide an operational example that illustrates the application to both the Crew Exploration Vehicle and a collection of “Habot-like” mobile surface elements; to summarize the approaches that address key challenges to the acceptance of a Flexible, Intelligent, Modular, Affordable and Reconfigurable avionics space system. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - SYSTEMS software
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 16441391; Marzwell, Neville I. 1; Email Address: Neville.I.Marzwell@jpl.nasa.gov Waterman, Robert D. 2 KrishnaKumar, Kalmanje 3 Waterman, Susan J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 180-603, Pasadena, CA 91109.  2: NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p1153; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: SYSTEMS software; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867242
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilkinson, R. Allen
AU  - Behringer, Robert P.
AU  - Jenkins, James T.
AU  - Louge, Michel Y.
T1  - Granular Materials and the Risks They Pose for Success on the Moon and Mars.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1216
EP  - 1223
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Working with soil, sand, powders, ores, cement and sintered bricks, excavating, grading construction sites, driving off-road, transporting granules in chutes and pipes, sifting gravel, separating solids from gases, and using hoppers are so routine that it seems straightforward to do it on the Moon and Mars as we do it on Earth. This paper brings to the fore how little these processes are understood and the millennia-long trial-and-error practices that lead to today’s massive over-design, high failure rate, and extensive incremental scaling up of industrial processes because of the inadequate predictive tools for design. We present a number of pragmatic scenarios where granular materials play a role, the risks involved, and what understanding is needed to greatly reduce the risks. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRANULAR materials
KW  - BULK solids
KW  - CEMENT
KW  - ORES
KW  - ECONOMIC geology
KW  - SAND
N1  - Accession Number: 16441399; Wilkinson, R. Allen 1; Email Address: Allen.Wilkinson@grc.nasa.gov Behringer, Robert P. 2 Jenkins, James T. 3 Louge, Michel Y. 4; Affiliation:  1: Microgravity Fluid Physics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  2: Department of Physics and Center for Nonlinear and Complex Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.  3: Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p1216; Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Subject Term: BULK solids; Subject Term: CEMENT; Subject Term: ORES; Subject Term: ECONOMIC geology; Subject Term: SAND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327310 Cement Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867248
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441399&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moses, Robert W.
T1  - Regenerative Aerobraking.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/02/06/
VL  - 746
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1361
EP  - 1370
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - NASA’s exploration goals for Mars and Beyond will require new power systems and in situ resource utilization technologies. Regenerative aerobraking may offer a revolutionary approach for in situ power generation and oxygen harvesting during these exploration missions. In theory, power and oxygen can be collected during aerobraking and stored for later use in orbit or on the planet. This technology would capture energy and oxygen from the plasma field that occurs naturally during hypersonic entry using well understood principles of magnetohydrodynamics and oxygen filtration. This innovative approach generates resources upon arrival at the operational site, and thus greatly differs from the traditional approach of taking everything you need with you from Earth. Fundamental analysis, computational fluid dynamics, and some testing of experimental hardware have established the basic feasibility of generating power during a Mars entry. Oxygen filtration at conditions consistent with spacecraft entry parameters at Mars has been studied to a lesser extent. Other uses of the MHD power are presented. This paper illustrates how some features of regenerative aerobraking may be applied to support human and robotic missions at Mars. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 16441421; Moses, Robert W. 1; Email Address: Robert.W.Moses@NASA.GOV; Affiliation:  1: Exploration Systems Engineering Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 746 Issue 1, p1361; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1867266
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16441421&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodard, S.E.
T1  - Methods to increase sound fidelity and quality produced from piezoelectric devices
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/02/07/
VL  - 280
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 140
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Methods to increase sound level, fidelity and quality produced from vibrating lamina such as piezoelectric actuators, vibrating plates or vibrating films are presented. Results of using the methods are shown for piezoelectric devices. Four methods are described: (1) tailoring the vibration response to develop desired deformation shapes and amplitudes, (2) mapping vibration out-of-plane deformation to ascertain locations on the surfaces of lamina suitable for stroke-like actuation, (3) coupling vibration to a collection of acoustic chambers and (4) increasing the vibration decay rate. The first two methods provide a single piezoelectric device with the functionality of numerous actuators combined. A piezoelectric actuator with numerous high-amplitude natural vibration responses has been produced using the aforementioned methods. Numerous high-amplitude vibrations increase the functionality of the devices. A collection of acoustic chambers were affixed to the piezoelectric actuator''s surface. The addition of the chambers resulted in more efficient audio output. The result of using all of the aforementioned methods is a high fidelity, high-bandwidth, and high sound-quality audio device with a low physical profile. The use of the piezoelectric actuator effectively results in an audio driver with a thickness less than 1 mm. The piezoelectric audio device achieved a response of 93±4 dB measured at 1 cm in the frequency range (1–5 kHz) with very good audio output for frequencies less than 1 kHz. The methods can be used to design other devices using solid-state piezoelectric actuators or vibrating lamina (e.g., plates or films). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - DATA transmission systems
N1  - Accession Number: 15553779; Woodard, S.E. 1; Email Address: s.e.woodard@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Structural Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 230, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 280 Issue 1/2, p127; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2003.12.039
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15553779&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - Editorial and dedication
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 231
EP  - 231
SN  - 09215107
N1  - Accession Number: 17354121; Hepp, Aloysius F. 1; Email Address: aloysius.f.hepp@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Thin-Film Technology Group, NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 302-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p231; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.10.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354121&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raffaelle, R.P.
AU  - Landi, B.J.
AU  - Harris, J.D.
AU  - Bailey, S.G.
AU  - Hepp, A.F.
T1  - Carbon nanotubes for power applications
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 233
EP  - 243
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: Carbon nanotubes have been found to possess a wide variety of extremely remarkable properties, most notably high electrical and thermal conductivity, mechanical strength, and catalytic surface area. These properties imbue carbon nanotubes with tremendous potential for a variety of power generation and storage devices including: lithium-ion (Li+) batteries, polymeric solar cells, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, and thermionic power devices. A review of the key issues surrounding synthesis, characterization, and processing of carbon nanotubes in relation to device fabrication will be highlighted. Results on a variety of prototype devices which are being developed by the NanoPower Research Laboratories (NPRL) at RIT in collaboration with researchers at the NASA Glenn Research Center will be presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - ELECTRIC batteries
KW  - Battery
KW  - Fuel cell
KW  - MWNT
KW  - Solar cell
KW  - SWNT
KW  - Thermionic
N1  - Accession Number: 17354122; Raffaelle, R.P. 1; Email Address: rprsps@rit.edu Landi, B.J. 1 Harris, J.D. 2 Bailey, S.G. 2 Hepp, A.F. 2; Affiliation:  1: NanoPower Research Laboratories (NPRL), Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p233; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Battery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: MWNT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: SWNT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermionic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335910 Battery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.09.034
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354122&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walters, Robert J.
AU  - Garner, J.C.
AU  - Lam, S.N.
AU  - Vasquez, J.A.
AU  - Braun, W.R.
AU  - Ruth, R.E.
AU  - Messenger, S.R.
AU  - Lorentzen, J.R.
AU  - Bruninga, R.
AU  - Jenkins, P.P.
AU  - Flatico, J.M.
AU  - Wilt, D.M.
AU  - Piszczor, M.F.
AU  - Greer, L.C.
AU  - Krasowski, M.J.
T1  - Materials on the International Space Station—forward technology solar cell experiment
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 263
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes the forward technology solar cell experiment (FTSCE), which is a space experiment built by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in collaboration with NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), and the US Naval Academy (USNA) as part of the materials on the International Space Station (MISSE) program. The goal is to rapidly put current and future generation space solar cells on orbit and provide validation data for these technologies. Telemetry, command, control, and communication (TNC) for the FTSCE will be achieved through the Amateur Satellite Service using the PCSat2 system, which is an Amateur Radio system designed and built by the USNA. In addition to providing an off-the-shelf solution for FTSCE TNC, PCSat2 will provide a communications node for the Amateur Radio satellite system. The FTSCE and PCSat2 will be housed within the passive experiment container (PEC), which is an approximately 2ft×2ft×4in. metal container built by NASA Langley Research Center (NASA LaRC) as part of the MISSE program. NASA LaRC has also supplied a thin film materials experiment that will fly on the exterior of the thermal blanket covering the PCSat2. The PEC is planned to be transported to the ISS on a Shuttle flight. The PEC will be mounted on the exterior of the ISS by an astronaut during an extravehicular activity (EVA). After nominally 1 year, the PEC will be retrieved and returned to Earth. This paper presents the design of the experiment, the electrical data measured on the experiment solar cells, and the results of environmental testing of the system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - INDUSTRIAL research
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - Chalcopyrite
KW  - Solar Cells
KW  - Thin films
N1  - Accession Number: 17354126; Walters, Robert J. 1; Email Address: Robert.Walters@nrl.navy.mil Garner, J.C. 2 Lam, S.N. 2 Vasquez, J.A. 2 Braun, W.R. 2 Ruth, R.E. 2 Messenger, S.R. 3 Lorentzen, J.R. 3 Bruninga, R. 4 Jenkins, P.P. 5 Flatico, J.M. 6 Wilt, D.M. 7 Piszczor, M.F. 7 Greer, L.C. 7 Krasowski, M.J. 7; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6818 4555 Overlook Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA  2: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA  3: SFA Inc., Largo, MD, 20774, USA  4: US Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402, USA  5: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  6: QSS, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  7: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p257; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL research; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chalcopyrite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar Cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin films; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.06.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354126&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simburger, Edward J.
AU  - Matsumoto, James H.
AU  - Giants, Thomas W.
AU  - Garcia, Alexander
AU  - Liu, Simon
AU  - Rawal, Suraj P.
AU  - Perry, Alan R.
AU  - Marshall, Craig H.
AU  - Lin, John K.
AU  - Scarborough, Stephen E.
AU  - Curtis, Henry B.
AU  - Kerslake, Thomas W.
AU  - Peterson, Todd T.
T1  - Thin-film technology development for the PowerSphere
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 272
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: The PowerSphere concept consists of a relatively large spherical solar array, which would be deployed from a microsatellite. The PowerSphere will enable microsatellite missions across NASA enterprises and DoD missions by providing ample electric power at an affordable cost. The PowerSphere design provides attitude-independent electric power and thermal control for an enclosed microsatellite payload. The specific power design is scalable, robust in high radiation environments and provides sufficient electric power to allow the use of electric propulsion. Electric propulsion enables precise positioning of microsatellites, which is required for inspectors that would be deployed to observe the International Space Station, Space Shuttle or large unmanned spacecraft. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC motors -- Design & construction
KW  - POWER plants
KW  - FOSSIL fuel power plants
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - Inflatable
KW  - Microsatellite
KW  - Thin-film solar cells
KW  - UV-rigidizable structures
N1  - Accession Number: 17354127; Simburger, Edward J. 1; Email Address: edward.j.simburger@aero.org Matsumoto, James H. 1 Giants, Thomas W. 1 Garcia, Alexander 1 Liu, Simon 1 Rawal, Suraj P. 2 Perry, Alan R. 2 Marshall, Craig H. 2 Lin, John K. 3 Scarborough, Stephen E. 3 Curtis, Henry B. 4 Kerslake, Thomas W. 4 Peterson, Todd T. 4; Affiliation:  1: The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Denver, CO 80125, USA  3: ILC Dover Inc., Dover, DE 19946, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p265; Subject Term: ELECTRIC motors -- Design & construction; Subject Term: POWER plants; Subject Term: FOSSIL fuel power plants; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inflatable; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microsatellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin-film solar cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV-rigidizable structures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.09.035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354127&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cowen, J.
AU  - Lucas, L.
AU  - Ernst, F.
AU  - Pirouz, P.
AU  - Hepp, A.
AU  - Bailey, S.
T1  - Liquid-phase deposition of single-phase alpha-copper-indium-diselenide
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 319
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: Based on the first complete Cu–In–Se phase diagram, which was recently established, we propose a new method for making single-phase copper-indium-diselenide (CuInSe2) films for high-specific-power photovoltaic applications: “liquid-phase deposition.” Contrary to established methods, in particular physical vapor deposition, liquid-phase deposition operates close to thermodynamic equilibrium and should therefore yield films with a smaller concentration of defects and better photovoltaic performance. First results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - VAPOR-plating
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - Cu–In–Se phase diagram
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Liquid-phase deposition
KW  - Photovoltaic materials
KW  - Thin films
KW  - X-ray diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 17354135; Cowen, J. 1 Lucas, L. 1 Ernst, F. 1; Email Address: fxe5@po.cwru.edu Pirouz, P. 1 Hepp, A. 2 Bailey, S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7204, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p311; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: VAPOR-plating; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cu–In–Se phase diagram; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid-phase deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaic materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin films; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray diffraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.05.057
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354135&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maranchi, J.P.
AU  - Hepp, A.F.
AU  - Kumta, P.N.
T1  - LiCoO2 and SnO2 thin film electrodes for lithium-ion battery applications
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 340
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: There is an increasing need for small-dimension, ultra-lightweight, portable power supplies due to the miniaturization of consumer electronic devices. Rechargeable thin film lithium-ion batteries have the potential to fulfill the growing demands for micro-energy storage devices. However, rechargeable battery technology and fabrication processes have not kept pace with the advances made in device technology. Economical fabrication methods lending excellent microstructural and compositional control in the thin film battery electrodes have yet to be fully developed. In this study, spin coating has been used to demonstrate the flexibility of the approach to produce both anode (SnO2) and cathode (LiCoO2) thin films. Results on the microstructure, crystal structure, and electrochemical properties of the thin film electrodes are described and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - Economical
KW  - LiCoO2
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - SnO2
KW  - Spin coating
KW  - Thin film battery
N1  - Accession Number: 17354137; Maranchi, J.P. 1 Hepp, A.F. 2 Kumta, P.N. 1; Email Address: kumta@cmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 4309 Wean Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  2: Photovoltaic and Space Environments Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p327; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Economical; Author-Supplied Keyword: LiCoO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: SnO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spin coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin film battery; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.05.041
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354137&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harris, Jerry D.
AU  - Raffaelle, Ryne P.
AU  - Gennett, Thomas
AU  - Landi, Brian J.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - Growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes by injection CVD using cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer and cyclooctatetraene iron tricarbonyl
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 374
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: Preferential oriented multi-walled carbon nanotubes were prepared by injection chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using either cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl dimer or cyclooctatetraene iron tricarbonyl as the iron catalyst source. The catalyst precursors were dissolved in toluene as the carrier solvent for the injections. The concentration of the catalyst was found to influence both the growth (i.e., MWNT orientation) of the nanotubes, as well as the amount of iron in the deposited material. As deposited, the multi-walled carbon nanotubes contained as little as 2.8wt.% of iron. The material was deposited onto tantalum foil and fused silica substrates. The nanotubes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. This synthetic route provides a simple and scalable method to deposit MWNTs with a low defect density, low metal content and a preferred orientation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Catalyst
KW  - Chemical vapor deposition
KW  - Raman
KW  - TGA
N1  - Accession Number: 17354143; Harris, Jerry D. 1,2; Email Address: jdharris@nnu.edu Raffaelle, Ryne P. 3 Gennett, Thomas 4 Landi, Brian J. 5 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: aloysius.f.hepp@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, 623 Holly Street, Nampa, ID 83686, USA  2: Thin-Film Technology Group, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA  5: NanoPower Research Laboratory, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p369; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Catalyst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman; Author-Supplied Keyword: TGA; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.06.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354143&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hehemann, David G.
AU  - Lau, J. Eva
AU  - Harris, Jerry D.
AU  - Hoops, Michael D.
AU  - Duffy, Norman V.
AU  - Fanwick, Philip E.
AU  - Khan, Osman
AU  - Jin, Michael H.-C.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - Synthesis, characterization and decomposition studies of tris(N,N-dibenzyldithiocarbamato)indium(III): chemical spray deposition of polycrystalline CuInS2 on copper films
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 381
EP  - 389
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: Tris(bis(phenylmethyl)carbamodithioato-S,S′), commonly referred to as tris(N,N-dibenzyldithiocarbamato)indium(III), In(S2CNBz2)3, was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P with two molecules per unit cell. The material was further characterized using a novel analytical system employing the combined powers of thermogravimetric analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy to investigate its potential use as a precursor for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin film materials for photovoltaic applications. Upon heating, the material thermally decomposes to release CS2 and benzyl moieties in to the gas phase, resulting in bulk In2S3. Preliminary spray CVD experiments indicate that In(S2CNBz2)3 decomposed on a Cu substrate reacts to produce stoichiometric CuInS2 films. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - Crystal structure
KW  - In2S3
KW  - Solar cells
KW  - Spray CVD
KW  - TGA
KW  - Thin film
N1  - Accession Number: 17354145; Hehemann, David G. 1,2 Lau, J. Eva 1,2 Harris, Jerry D. 1,3 Hoops, Michael D. 4 Duffy, Norman V. 4; Email Address: nduffy@wju.edu Fanwick, Philip E. 5 Khan, Osman 1,2 Jin, Michael H.-C. 1,2 Hepp, Aloysius F. 1; Email Address: aloysius.f.hepp@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Thin-Film Technology Group, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Brook Park, OH 44142, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, ID 83686, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV 26003, USA  5: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, W. Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p381; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: In2S3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spray CVD; Author-Supplied Keyword: TGA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin film; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.08.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354145&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Michael H.-C.
AU  - Banger, Kulbinder K.
AU  - Harris, Jerry D.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - CuInS2 films deposited by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition using ternary single-source precursors
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 401
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: Polycrystalline CuInS2 films were deposited by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition using both solid and liquid ternary single-source precursors (SSPs) prepared in-house. Films with either (112) or (204/220) preferred orientation were obtained, and compositional analysis showed that (112)-oriented films contained more copper than (204/220)-oriented films. Using X-ray diffraction, the signature of chalcopyrite structure was often confirmed for (112)-oriented films. The preferred orientation of the film is likely related to the decomposition and reaction kinetics associated with the molecular structure of the precursors at the substrate. Interestingly, the (204/220)-oriented films were always accompanied by a secondary phase, which was identified as an unknown In-rich compound from the results of post-growth annealing, etching experiments, and Raman spectroscopic data. By increasing Cu to In ratio in the film, (112)-oriented films were obtained with a maximum grain size of about 0.5μm, and their X-ray diffraction did not show any observable signature of the In secondary phase. Electrical and optical properties of all the films grown were characterized. They all showed p-type conduction with an electrical resistivity between 0.1Ωcm and 30Ωcm, and an optical band gap of 1.46eV±0.02, as deposited. The material properties of deposited films revealed this methodology of using SSPs for fabricating chalcopyrite-based solar cells to be highly promising. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - CHALCOPYRITE
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - Chemical vapor deposition
KW  - CuInS2
KW  - Single-source precursor
N1  - Accession Number: 17354147; Jin, Michael H.-C. 1,2; Email Address: michael.h.jin@grc.nasa.gov Banger, Kulbinder K. 1,2 Harris, Jerry D. 2,3 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: aloysius.f.hepp@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, OH 44142, USA  2: Photovoltaic and Space Environments Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Chemistry Department, Northwest Nazarene University, Nampa, ID 83686, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p395; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: CHALCOPYRITE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: CuInS2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-source precursor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212233 Copper-zinc ore mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212234 Copper Ore and Nickel Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.05.043
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354147&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelly, Christopher V.
AU  - Jin, Michael H.-C.
AU  - Banger, Kulbinder K.
AU  - McNatt, Jeremiah S.
AU  - Dickman, John E.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - Parametric study on non-vacuum chemical vapor deposition of CuInS2 from a single-source precursor
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2005/02/10/
VL  - 116
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 403
EP  - 408
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: Copper indium disulfide (CuInS2) films were deposited by aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) from a single-source precursor (SSP), (PPh3)2Cu(SEt)2In(SEt)2. Various deposition parameters were explored to understand how they affect the crystallography, stoichiometry, and morphology of the deposited films and the quality of fabricated solar cells. Parameters explored included the deposition temperature, location of substrate within CVD reactor, precursor concentration in toluene carrier solvent, and post-deposition annealing in a S-rich atmosphere. CuInS2 films have been fabricated into complete solar cells with the top-down composition of Al/ZnO:F/CdS/CuInS2/Mo/glass and the efficiency of 1.0% under simulated AM0 illumination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - AROMATIC compounds
KW  - Chemical vapor deposition
KW  - CuInS2
KW  - Single-source precursor
N1  - Accession Number: 17354148; Kelly, Christopher V. 1 Jin, Michael H.-C. 1,2; Email Address: michael.h.jin@grc.nasa.gov Banger, Kulbinder K. 1,2 McNatt, Jeremiah S. 2 Dickman, John E. 2 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: aloysius.f.hepp@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Photovoltaic and Space Environments Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 116 Issue 3, p403; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: CuInS2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-source precursor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2004.09.033
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17354148&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, M.
AU  - Majumder, S.B.
AU  - Katiyar, R.S.
AU  - Bhalla, A.S.
AU  - Miranda, F.A.
AU  - Van Keuls, F.W.
T1  - Investigations of sol-gel-derived highly (100)-oriented Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3?:?MgO composite thin films for phase-shifter applications.
JO  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
JF  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
Y1  - 2005/02/15/
VL  - 80
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 645
EP  - 647
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09478396
AB  - Sol-gel deposition of highly oriented Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3?:?MgO composite thin films has shown desirable dielectric constant reduction and higher figure of merit for phase-shifter applications. In this multilayer configuration, MgO distributed homogeneously through the Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST50) matrix, and it helped in tailoring the dielectric constant and reducing the loss tangent significantly. In the present study, the high-frequency dielectric behavior of the films has been evaluated by fabricating an eight-element coupled microstrip phase shifter and measuring the degree of phase shift and insertion loss as a function of applied voltage at room temperature. An increase in phase-shifter figure of merit (degree of phase shift per dB insertion loss) from 28°/dB for pure BST50 to 71°/dB for a BST50?:?MgO film (at 14 GHz and 333 kV/cm) has been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHASE shift (Nuclear physics)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 15312588; Jain, M. 1 Majumder, S.B. 1 Katiyar, R.S. 1; Email Address: rkatiyar@rrpac.upr.clu.edu Bhalla, A.S. 2 Miranda, F.A. 3 Van Keuls, F.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico  2: Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University  3: Glenn Research Center, NASA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 80 Issue 3, p645; Subject Term: PHASE shift (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00339-003-2268-4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15312588&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Carlos G.
AU  - Camanho, Pedro P.
AU  - Rose, Cheryl A.
T1  - Failure Criteria for FRP Laminates.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2005/02/15/
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 345
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A new set of six phenomenological failure criteria for fiber-reinforced polymer laminates denoted LaRC03 is described. These criteria can predict matrix and fiber failure accurately, without the curve-fitting parameters. For matrix failure under transverse compression, the angle of the fracture plane is solved by maximizing the Mohr-Coulomb effective stresses. A criterion for fiber kinking is obtained by calculating the fiber misalignment under load and applying the matrix failure criterion in the coordinate frame of the misalignment. Fracture mechanics models of matrix cracks are used to develop a criterion for matrix failure in tension and to calculate the associated in situ strengths. The LaRC03 criteria are applied to a few examples to predict failure load envelopes and to predict the failure mode for each region of the envelope. The analysis results are compared to the predictions using other available failure criteria and with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - QUADRATIC equations
KW  - STRESS-strain curves
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - crack
KW  - failure criterion
KW  - matrix cracking
KW  - polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)
N1  - Accession Number: 55354662; Davila, Carlos G. 1; Email Address: c.g.davila@larc.nasa.gov Camanho, Pedro P. 2 Rose, Cheryl A. 3; Affiliation:  1: MS 240, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: DEMEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal  3: MS 135, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 39 Issue 4, p323; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: QUADRATIC equations; Subject Term: STRESS-strain curves; Subject Term: MATRICES; Author-Supplied Keyword: crack; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure criterion; Author-Supplied Keyword: matrix cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 8305
L3  - 10.1177/0021998305046452
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55354662&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cozmuta, Ioana
AU  - O'Keeffe, James T.
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
T1  - Hybrid MD-Nernst Planck model of α-hemolysin conductance properties.
JO  - Molecular Simulation
JF  - Molecular Simulation
Y1  - 2005/02/15/
VL  - 31
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 93
SN  - 08927022
AB  - Motivated by experiments in which an applied electric field translocates polynucleotides through an α-hemolysin protein channel causing ionic current transient blockade, a hybrid simulation model is proposed to predict the conductance properties of the open channel. Time scales corresponding to ion permeation processes are reached using the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) electro-diffusion model in which both solvent and local ion concentrations are represented as a continuum. The diffusion coefficients of the ions (K + and Cl - ) input in the PNP model are, however, calculated from all-atom molecular dynamics (MD). In the MD simulations, a reduced representation of the channel is used. The channel is solvated in a 1 M KCl solution, and an external electric field is applied. The pore specific diffusion coefficients for both ionic species are reduced 5-7 times in comparison to bulk values. Significant statistical variations (17-45%) of the pore-ions diffusivities are observed. Within the statistics, the ionic diffusivities remain invariable for a range of external applied voltages between 30 and 240 mV. In the 2D-PNP calculations, the pore stem is approximated by a smooth cylinder of radius ∼9 Å with two constriction blocks where the radius is reduced to ∼6 Å. The electrostatic potential includes the contribution from the atomistic charges. The MD-PNP model shows that the atomic charges are responsible for the rectifying behaviour and for the slight anion selectivity of the α-hemolysin pore. Independent of the hierarchy between the anion and cation diffusivities, the anionic contribution to the total ionic current will dominate. The predictions of the MD-PNP model are in good agreement with experimental data and give confidence in the present approach of bridging time scales by combining a microscopic and macroscopic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Simulation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - IONS
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - α-Hemolysin
KW  - Conductance
KW  - Ion channel
KW  - Ionic current
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Poisson-Nernst-Planck theory
N1  - Accession Number: 15544875; Cozmuta, Ioana 1 O'Keeffe, James T. 2 Bose, Deepak 1 Stolc, Viktor 2; Email Address: vstolc@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Eloret Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA AMES Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb/Mar2005, Vol. 31 Issue 2/3, p79; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Author-Supplied Keyword: α-Hemolysin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conductance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion channel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionic current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poisson-Nernst-Planck theory; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08927020412331308467
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15544875&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leventis, Nicholas
T1  - Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2005/02/16/
VL  - 127
IS  - 6
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 2015
EP  - 2016
SN  - 00027863
AB  - Reviews the book "Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence," edited by Allen J. Bard.
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - BARD, Allen J.
KW  - ELECTROGENERATED Chemiluminescence (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 16207209; Leventis, Nicholas 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center.; Source Info: 2/16/2005, Vol. 127 Issue 6, p2015; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: ELECTROGENERATED Chemiluminescence (Book); People: BARD, Allen J.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1021/ja040978m
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Curtis
AU  - D. B.
AU  - Glandorf
AU  - D. L.
AU  - Toon
AU  - O. B.
AU  - Tolbert
AU  - M. A.
AU  - McKay
AU  - C. P.
AU  - Khare
AU  - B. N.
T1  - Laboratory Studies of Butane Nucleation on Organic Haze Particles:  Application to Titan's Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2005/02/17/
VL  - 109
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1382
EP  - 1390
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Titan, Saturn's largest satellite, has a thick nitrogen/methane atmosphere with various hydrocarbons present in minor amounts. Recent observations suggest that CH4 may condense to form clouds near the moon's tropopause. Titan's methane cloud formation is probably triggered by a sequential nucleation of hydrocarbons onto Titan's haze material as tropospheric convection occurs due to differential heating of the surface or as the haze settles through the lower stratosphere. To better constrain Titan's cloud formation mechanism, investigations of the nucleation of several hydrocarbons will be necessary. Butane was chosen for this study because it has a relatively high freezing point and is estimated to be present at 200 part per billion levels. If this amount of butane were to condense on each haze particle, a visible cloud would be observed. Laboratory measurements at T = 125 K were performed to determine the relative ease of solid butane nucleation onto laboratory-produced tholin particles having an elemental composition of C5H5N, and solid films of hexane and acetonitrile. We find that butane nucleation onto the haze particles requires a relatively high saturation ratio of S > 1.30. Because butane nucleation is difficult, it may occur on only a very small subset of the total haze particles available. Such selective nucleation of butane would lead to those particles becoming coated with significant amounts of butane. Requiring a high saturation ratio for butane nucleation will reduce the optical depth of butane clouds by a factor of 100 because the particles will be fewer in number for a given condensed mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUEFIED petroleum gas
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
N1  - Accession Number: 23146563; Curtis D. B. 1 Glandorf D. L. 1 Toon O. B. 1 Tolbert M. A. 1 McKay C. P. 1 Khare B. N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, and Laboratory for Astrophysical and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, and Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 109 Issue 7, p1382; Subject Term: LIQUEFIED petroleum gas; Subject Term: ALKANES; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454312 Liquefied petroleum gas (bottled gas) dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424720 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221210 Natural Gas Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 412110 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaofeng Tan
AU  - Salama, Farid
T1  - Cavity ring-down spectroscopy and theoretical calculations of the S1(1B3u)←S0(1Ag) transition of jet-cooled perylene.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/02/22/
VL  - 122
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 084318
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - As part of our long-term program to test the diffuse interstellar band–polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon hypothesis, we have investigated the S1←S0 electronic transition of neutral perylene (C20H12) in a combined experimental and theoretical study. Jet-cooled perylene was prepared with a pulsed discharge slit nozzle and detected by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. A number of vibronic features were observed in the 24 000–24 900 cm-1 spectral range. Density functional and ab initio calculations were performed to determine the geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, and normal coordinates of both the S0 and S1 electronic states. A rotational temperature of 52±5 K was derived from a rotational contour analysis of the vibronic band associated with the 0-0 transition. A Franck–Condon treatment was carried out to calculate the vibronic spectrum of the S1←S0 transition. A good agreement was found between the calculated and the experimental spectra. A vibrational assignment is proposed and six normal modes are identified. The contribution of neutral compact polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to the diffuse interstellar bands is briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - PERYLENE
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - EUCLID'S elements
N1  - Accession Number: 16288375; Xiaofeng Tan 1; Email Address: x.tan@jhu.edu Salama, Farid 1; Email Address: Farid.Salama@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000.; Source Info: 2/22/2005, Vol. 122 Issue 8, p084318; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: PERYLENE; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: EUCLID'S elements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1851502
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Planetary science: Being there.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/02/24/
VL  - 433
IS  - 7028
M3  - Article
SP  - 814
EP  - 815
SN  - 00280836
AB  - This article focuses on information related to planetary science. Noble gases are the flotsam of the Solar System. They seem simple: they shun chemistry, they are difficult to freeze, and they accumulate in atmospheres. Current fashion posits four stages in the growth of an Earth: coagulation of grains into boulders; gathering of the boulders into aggregates of kilometer dimensions; runaway accretion of those aggregates into Moon-sized protoplanets; and giant collisions between the protoplanets to make planets. The first three stages are thought to have taken no more than a million years in total,whereas the fourth played out over tens of millions of years or more.
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - BOULDERS
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 16201511; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin.j.zahnle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 2/24/2005, Vol. 433 Issue 7028, p814; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: BOULDERS; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/433814b
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diethelm, K.
AU  - Ford, N.J.
AU  - Freed, A.D.
AU  - Luchko, Yu.
T1  - Algorithms for the fractional calculus: A selection of numerical methods
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2005/02/25/
VL  - 194
IS  - 6-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 743
EP  - 773
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Abstract: Many recently developed models in areas like viscoelasticity, electrochemistry, diffusion processes, etc. are formulated in terms of derivatives (and integrals) of fractional (non-integer) order. In this paper we present a collection of numerical algorithms for the solution of the various problems arising in this context. We believe that this will give the engineer the necessary tools required to work with fractional models in an efficient way. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTIONAL calculus
KW  - CALCULUS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - TECHNICAL chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 15561114; Diethelm, K. 1; Email Address: k.diethelm@tu-bs.de Ford, N.J. 2; Email Address: njford@chester.ac.uk Freed, A.D. 3,4; Email Address: alan.d.freed@nasa.gov Luchko, Yu. 5; Email Address: loutchko@euv-frankfurt-o.de; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Angewandte Mathematik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Pockelsstraße 14, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany  2: Department of Mathematics, Chester College, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK  3: Polymers Branch, Materials Division, MS 49-3, NASA’s John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Biomedical Engineering, ND 20, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA  5: Department of Business Informatics, European University Frankfurt, P.O. Box 1768, D-15207 Frankfurt (Oder), Germany; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 194 Issue 6-8, p743; Subject Term: FRACTIONAL calculus; Subject Term: CALCULUS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: TECHNICAL chemistry; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cma.2004.06.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flasar, F. M.
AU  - Achterberg, R. K.
AU  - Conrath, B. J.
AU  - Pearl, J. C.
AU  - Bjoraker, G. L.
AU  - Jennings, D. E.
AU  - Romani, P. N.
AU  - Simon-Miller, A. A.
AU  - Kunde, V. G.
AU  - Nixon, C. A.
AU  - Bézard, B.
AU  - Orton, C. S.
AU  - Spilker, L. J.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Irwin, P. G. J.
AU  - Teanby, N. A.
AU  - Owen, T. C.
AU  - Brasunas, J.
AU  - Segura, M. E.
AU  - Carlson, R. C.
T1  - Temperatures, Winds, and Composition in the Saturnian System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/02/25/
VL  - 307
IS  - 5713
M3  - Article
SP  - 1247
EP  - 1251
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Stratospheric temperatures on Saturn imply a strong decay of theequatorial winds with altitude. If the decrease in winds reported fromrecent Hubble Space Telescope images is not a temporal change, then thefeatures tracked must have been at least 130 kilometers higher than inearlier studies. Saturn's south polar stratosphere is warmer thanpredicted from simple radiative models. The C/H ratio on Saturn is seventimes solar, twice Jupiter's. Saturn's ring temperatures have radialvariations down to the smallest scale resolved (100 kilometers). Diurnalsurface temperature variations on Phoebe suggest a more porous regoliththan on the Jovian satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Equatorial orbits
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - GAS giants
N1  - Accession Number: 16348447; Flasar, F. M. 1; Email Address: f.m.flasar@nasa.gov Achterberg, R. K. 2 Conrath, B. J. 3 Pearl, J. C. 1 Bjoraker, G. L. 1 Jennings, D. E. 1 Romani, P. N. 1 Simon-Miller, A. A. 1 Kunde, V. G. 4 Nixon, C. A. 4 Bézard, B. 5 Orton, C. S. 6 Spilker, L. J. 6 Spencer, J. R. 7 Irwin, P. G. J. 8 Teanby, N. A. 8 Owen, T. C. 9 Brasunas, J. 1 Segura, M. E. 10 Carlson, R. C. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 5900 Princess Garden Parkway, Suite 300, Lanham, MD 20706, USA.  3: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.  5: Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), CNRS-UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-91925 Meudon Cedex, France.  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  7: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA.  8: Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.  9: University of Hawaii, Institute of Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.  10: QSS Group, Inc., 4500 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, MD 20706, USA.; Source Info: 2/25/2005, Vol. 307 Issue 5713, p1247; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Equatorial orbits; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: GAS giants; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3693
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciesla, Fred
AU  - Lauretta, Dante
T1  - Radial migration and dehydration of phyllosilicates in the solar nebula
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2005/02/28/
VL  - 231
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: While it is currently thought that Earth''s water was delivered by hydrous minerals, the origin of these minerals is still debated. Nebular models suggest that the area where the Earth formed was too hot for these minerals to form, leading many to believe that they were delivered by large planetary embryos which formed in the outer asteroid belt region of the solar nebula. Others have argued that the hydrous minerals were present during the early accretion phase of the Earth in order to explain different aspects of its geochemistry and therefore, must have formed locally, implying that the nebula must have been cooler than the models predict. In this paper we explore a new possibility: that these hydrous minerals were formed in the outer asteroid belt region of the solar nebula and were then brought into the hotter regions of the nebula by gas drag where they were incorporated into the planetesimals which formed there. The hydrated minerals were able to survive for long periods of time in this hot region due to the sluggish dehydration kinetics. We find that this process need not have been efficient, requiring only a small amount (∼few percentages) of the material in the outer asteroid belt region of the nebula to be subject to this process. This delivery mechanism provides a way for hydrous minerals to be incorporated early on into the planetesimals which were accreted by the Earth without having to alter the generally accepted solar nebula models that are consistent with meteoritic and asteroidal observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - meteorites
KW  - planet formation
KW  - solar nebula
KW  - water
N1  - Accession Number: 17411649; Ciesla, Fred 1; Email Address: ciesla@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov Lauretta, Dante 2; Email Address: lauretta@lpl.arizona.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94043, United States  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Source Info: Feb2005, Vol. 231 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: water; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2004.12.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
AU  - Dib, Nihad
AU  - Weller, Thomas
AU  - Culver, James
AU  - King, Brett
T1  - Coplanar waveguide-fed slot antennas on cylindrical substrates
JO  - AEU: International Journal of Electronics & Communications
JF  - AEU: International Journal of Electronics & Communications
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
EP  - 30
SN  - 14348411
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes cylindrical coplanar waveguide (CCPW)-fed slot and folded slot antennas encompassing cylindrical substrates. Using a 1.27cm diameter Teflon substrate, antennas that operate around 7GHz have been realized with gains of 1.5dB (slot) and 2.8dB (folded slot). The antennas have a well-defined pattern null of 8dB along the side of the CCPW feedline. A 1.6GHz slot antenna on a 1.27cm diameter alumina substrate was also fabricated using a novel direct-write technique, and shown to have comparable performance characteristics. The results include measured data and simulated data using a 3D cylindrical finite difference time domain (FDTD) code. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of AEU: International Journal of Electronics & Communications is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - Antennas
KW  - Coplanar waveguide
KW  - Cylindrical substrate
KW  - Finite Difference Time Domain
N1  - Accession Number: 18292708; Scardelletti, Maximilian C. 1 Dib, Nihad 2; Email Address: nihad@just.edu.jo Weller, Thomas 3 Culver, James 4 King, Brett 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Electrical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan  3: Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA  4: Raytheon Systems, St. Petersburg, FL, USA  5: Science Applications International Corporation, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 59 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cylindrical substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite Difference Time Domain; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.aeue.2004.11.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wernet, Mark P.
T1  - Planar Particle Imaging Doppler Velocimetry: A Three-Component Velocity Measurement Technique.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 479
EP  - 488
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV) is a high-resolution, high-accuracy, planar velocimetry technique, which provides valuable instantaneous velocity information in aeropropulsion test facilities. DPIV is capable of providing three-component flowfield measurements using a two-camera, stereo-viewing configuration. Doppler global velocimetry (DGV) is another planar velocimetry technique, which is also capable of providing three-component flow field measurements, but requires three detector systems that must be located at oblique angles from the measurement plane. The three-dimensional configurations of either technique require multiple (DGV) or at least large (stereo PIV) optical access ports in the facility in which the measurements are being conducted. In some test facilities, limited optical access is available (either a single viewing window or small optical access port), which prohibits the implementation of either technique for three-component flow measurements. A hybrid measurement technique is described, called planar particle image Doppler velocimetry (PPIDV), which combines elements from both the DPIV and DGV techniques into a single detection system capable of measuring all three components of velocity across a planar region of a flowfield through a single optical access port. The PPIDV system utilizes common components between the DPIV and DGV systems to reduce system complexity and costs. Measurements of a rotating wheel are used to verify the integrity of the technique. Then simultaneous measurements of a nozzle flow are obtained using both a stereo-viewing DPIV system and a PPIDV system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16483688; Wernet, Mark P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Senior Research Engineer, Optical Instrumentation and NDE Branch; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p479; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKenzie, Robert L.
AU  - Reinath, Michael S.
T1  - Three-Dimensional Planar Doppler Velocity Measurements in a Full-Scale Rotor Wake.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 489
EP  - 499
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The application of planar Doppler velocimetry (PDV) measurements to three-dimensional velocity vector fields in the tip-vortex flows between the blades of a full-scale UH-60 rotor operating in the 80- by 120-Foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center is described. The unique capabilities of PDV for remotely measuring complex velocity fields in large-scale flows are demonstrated and the factors affecting the quality of PDV data from a large-scale facility are defined. Because the wind tunnel is a noncirculating, in-draft configuration, and very large, the principal factor that prevented the acquisition of time-resolved, instantaneous measurements was the spatially and temporally sporadic behavior of the aerosol seeding in the sample area. Nevertheless, time-averaged velocity fields were obtained that characterize the locations and velocity distributions of the blade tip vortices and that provide magnitudes and directions of the velocity vectors in the surrounding flow with better than 1-cm spatial resolution within a square, 1.2 m × 1.2 m, sample area from distances up to 20 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DOPPLER ultrasonography
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SPEED
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16483689; McKenzie, Robert L. 1; Email Address: rmckenzie@metrolaserinc.com Reinath, Michael S. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: MetroLaser, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94087  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Aerospace Engineer, Mail Stop N237-7, Advanced Aircraft and Powered Lift Branch; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p489; Subject Term: DOPPLER ultrasonography; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tucker, Paul G.
AU  - Rumsey, Chris L.
AU  - Spalart, Philippe R.
AU  - Bartels, Robert E.
AU  - Biedron, Robert T.
T1  - Computations of Wall Distances Based on DIfferential Equations.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 539
EP  - 549
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The use of differential equations such as Eikonal, Hamilton-Jacobi, and Poisson for the economical calculation of the nearest (normal) wall distance d, which is needed by some turbulence models, is explored. Modifications that could palliate some turbulence-modeling anomalies are also discussed. Economy is of especial value for deforming/adaptive grid problems. For these, ideally, d is repeatedly computed. It is shown that the Eikonal and Hamilton-Jacobi equations can be easy to implement when written in implicit (or iterated) advection and advection-diffusion equation analogous forms, respectively. These, like the Poisson Laplacian term, are commonly occurring in computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) solvers, allowing the reuse of efficient algorithms and code components. The use of the NASA CFL3D CFD program to solve the implicit Eikonal and Hamilton-Jacobi equations is explored. The reformulated d equations are easy to implement and are found to have robust convergence. For accurate Eikonal solutions, upwind metric differences are required. The Poisson approach is also found effective and easiest to implement. Hence this method is recommended. Modified distances are not found to affect global outputs such as lift and drag significantly, at least in common situations such as airfoil flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - HAMILTON-Jacobi equations
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16483694; Tucker, Paul G. 1,2 Rumsey, Chris L. 3,4 Spalart, Philippe R. 5,6 Bartels, Robert E. 3,6 Biedron, Robert T. 3,6; Affiliation:  1: University of Wales, Swansea, Wales SA2 8PP~ United Kingdom  2: Professor of Engineering, School of Engineering, Civil and Computational Engineering Center, Singleton Park  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: NASA Senior Researcher, Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch  5: Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Seattle, Washington 98124  6: NASA Senior Researcher, Aeroelasticity Branch; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p539; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: HAMILTON-Jacobi equations; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 16 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kwak, Dochan
AU  - Kiris, Cetin
AU  - Kim, Chang Sung
T1  - Computational challenges of viscous incompressible flows
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 34
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
EP  - 299
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: Over the past 30 years, numerical methods and simulation tools for incompressible flows have been advanced as a subset of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) discipline. Although incompressible flows are encountered in many areas of engineering, simulation of compressible flow has been the major driver for developing computational algorithms and tools. This is probably due to the rather stringent requirements for predicting aerodynamic performance characteristics of flight vehicles, while flow devices involving low-speed or incompressible flow could be reasonably well designed without resorting to accurate numerical simulations. As flow devices are required to be more sophisticated and highly efficient, CFD tools become increasingly important in fluid engineering for incompressible and low-speed flow. This paper reviews some of the successes made possible by advances in computational technologies during the same period, and discusses some of the current challenges faced in computing incompressible flows. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ALGEBRA
N1  - Accession Number: 15583745; Kwak, Dochan; Email Address: dkwak@nas.nasa.gov Kiris, Cetin 1 Kim, Chang Sung 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, Applications Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 34 Issue 3, p283; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ALGEBRA; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2004.05.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gorti
AU  - S.
AU  - Forsythe
AU  - E. L.
AU  - Pusey
AU  - M. L.
T1  - Growth Modes and Energetics of (101) Face Lysozyme Crystal Growth.
JO  - Crystal Growth & Design
JF  - Crystal Growth & Design
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 482
SN  - 15287483
AB  - From analyses of lysozyme (101) face growth rate data using a 2D nucleation model for layer-by-layer growth, we find the effective barrier for crystal growth to be &ggr; = 1.0 ± 0.2 × 10-13 erg/molecule. The magnitude of the effective barrier is (2.4 ± 0.5)kBT, at 22 °C. We also find that beyond a critical solution supersaturation, &sgr;c, crystal growth rates are more accurately described by a kinetic roughening hypothesis. Beyond &sgr;c, crystals grow by the continuous addition of molecules anywhere on the crystal surface rather than layer-by-layer. The magnitude of the critical supersaturation (&sgr;c = 1.7 ± 0.2) for a crossover from a layer-by-layer to continuous growth is found to be statistically independent of the solution conditions that vary with buffer pH, temperature, or precipitant concentration. Using the experimentally determined values for &ggr; and &sgr;c, we find the crystal growth unit to be comprised of 7 ± 3 molecules. The energy barrier, Ec, for the continuous addition of the growth units is 6.2 ± 0.3 × 10-13 erg/molecule or (15 ± 1)kBT at 22 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Crystal Growth & Design is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - TWINNING (Crystallography)
N1  - Accession Number: 20154999; Gorti S. 1 Forsythe E. L. 1 Pusey M. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, and BAE Systems at MSFC, Physical and Biological Sciences Laboratory, NASA/MSFC, Huntsville, Alabama 35812; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p473; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: TWINNING (Crystallography); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gorti
AU  - S.
AU  - Konnert
AU  - J.
AU  - Forsythe
AU  - E. L.
AU  - Pusey
AU  - M. L.
T1  - Effects of Kinetic Roughening and Liquid−Liquid Phase Transition on Lysozyme Crystal Growth Velocities.
JO  - Crystal Growth & Design
JF  - Crystal Growth & Design
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 535
EP  - 545
SN  - 15287483
AB  - We measured the growth velocities of the (110) face of tetragonal lysozyme, V (cm/s), at four different concentrations, c (mg/mL), as the solution temperature, T (°C or K), was reduced. For a broad range of T dependent on c, we find that the growth velocities increased as the solution temperature was reduced. The initial increase in V is well characterized by the 2D nucleation model for crystal growth, yielding the magnitude of an effective barrier for growth, &ggr;s = (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10-13 erg/molecule. Below certain temperatures, Tcr, dependent on c, however, a kinetic roughening hypothesis that considers the continuous addition of molecules anywhere on the crystal surface better describes the observed growth velocities. The application of the continuous growth model, up to the solution cloud-point temperatures, Tcl, enabled the determinations of the crossover concentration, cr, from estimated values of Tcr. For all conditions presented, we find that the crossover from growth by 2D nucleation to continuous addition occurs at a supersaturation, &sgr;c = 2.0 ± 0.1. Moreover, we find the energy barrier for the continuous addition, Ec, within the temperature range Tcl < T < Tcr to be (6 ± 1) × 10-13 erg/molecule. Further reduction of T below ~3−4 °C of Tcl also revealed a rapid slowing of crystal growth velocities. From quasi-elastic light scattering investigations, we find that the rapid diminishment of crystal growth velocities can be accounted for by the phase behavior of lysozyme solutions. Namely, we find the reversible formation of dense fluid protodroplets comprised of lysozyme molecules to occur below Tcl. Hence, the rapid slowing of growth velocities occurs as a result of the sudden depletion of mobile molecules within crystal growth solutions as dense fluid protodroplets form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Crystal Growth & Design is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LYSOZYMES
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
N1  - Accession Number: 20155008; Gorti S. 1 Konnert J. 1 Forsythe E. L. 1 Pusey M. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, and; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p535; Subject Term: LYSOZYMES; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beard, Karen H.
AU  - Wang, Deane
AU  - Waite, Carl E.
AU  - Decker, Kelly L. M.
AU  - Hawley, Gary J.
AU  - DeHayes, Donald D.
AU  - Hughes, Jeffery W.
AU  - Cumming, Jonathan R.
T1  - Quantifying Ecosystem Controls and Their Contextual Interactions on Nutrient Export from Developing Forest Mesocosms.
JO  - Ecosystems
JF  - Ecosystems
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 224
SN  - 14329840
AB  - The complexity of natural ecosystems makes it difficult to compare the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors and to assess the effects of their interactions on ecosystem development. To improve our understanding of ecosystem complexity, we initiated an experiment designed to quantify the main effects and interactions of several factors that are thought to affect nutrient export from developing forest ecosystems. Using a replicated 2 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment, we qualified the main effects of these factors and the factor interactions on annual calcium, magnesium, and potassium export from field mesocosms over 4 years for two Vermont locations, two soils, and four different tree seedling communities. We found that the main effects explained 56%-97% of total variation in nutrient export. Abiotic factors (location and soil) accounted for a greater percentage of the total variation in nutrient export (47%-94%) than the biotic factor (plant community) (2%-15%). However, biotic control over nutrient export was significant, even when biomass was minimal. Factor interactions were often significant, but they explained less of the variation in nutrient export (l%-33%) than the main effects. Year-to-year fluctuations influenced the relative importance of the main effects in determining nutrient export and created factor interactions between most of the explanatory variables. Our study suggests that when research is focused on typically used main effects, such as location and soil, and interactions are aggregated \n\v overall error terms, important information about the factors controlling ecosystem processes can be lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ecosystems is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - WILDLIFE conservation
KW  - CONSERVATION of natural resources
KW  - NATURE conservation
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - FOREST ecology
KW  - calcium
KW  - climate
KW  - contextual interactions
KW  - ecosystem development
KW  - leachate
KW  - location
KW  - magnesium
KW  - nutrient export
KW  - plant community
KW  - potassium
KW  - soil
N1  - Accession Number: 17471571; Beard, Karen H. 1; Email Address: kbeard@cc.usu.edu Wang, Deane 1 Waite, Carl E. 1 Decker, Kelly L. M. 2 Hawley, Gary J. 1 DeHayes, Donald D. 1 Hughes, Jeffery W. 1 Cumming, Jonathan R. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Natural Resources, Aiken Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA  2: Earth Systems Science and Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p210; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: WILDLIFE conservation; Subject Term: CONSERVATION of natural resources; Subject Term: NATURE conservation; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: FOREST ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: calcium; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: contextual interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem development; Author-Supplied Keyword: leachate; Author-Supplied Keyword: location; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnesium; Author-Supplied Keyword: nutrient export; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant community; Author-Supplied Keyword: potassium; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/sl0021-004-0041-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline
AU  - Geiger, Cherie
AU  - Clausen, Chris
AU  - Brooks, Kathleen
AU  - Coon, Christina
AU  - O'Hara, Suzanne
AU  - Krug, Thomas
AU  - Major, David
AU  - Yoon, Woong-Sang
AU  - Gavaskar, Arun
AU  - Holdsworth, Thomas
T1  - Field Demonstration of DNAPL Dehalogenation Using Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/03//3/1/2005
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1309
EP  - 1318
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - This paper describes the results of the first field-scale demonstration conducted to evaluate the performance of nanoscale emulsified zero-valent iron (EZVI) injected into the saturated zone to enhance in situ dehalogenation of dense, nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) containing trichloroethene (TCE). EZVI is an innovative and emerging remediation technology. EZVI is a surfactant-stabilized, biodegradable emulsion that forms emulsion droplets consisting of an oil-liquid membrane surrounding zero- valent iron (ZVI) particles in water. EZVI was injected over a five day period into eight wells in a demonstration test area within a larger DNAPL source area at NASA's Launch Complex 34 (LC34) using a pressure pulse injection method. Soil and groundwater samples were collected before and after treatment and analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to evaluate the changes in VOC mass, concentration and mass flux. Significant reductions in TCE soil concentrations (>80%) were observed at four of the six soil sampling locations within 90 days of EZVI injection. Somewhat lower reductions were observed at the other two soil sampling locations where visual observations suggest that most of the EZVI migrated up above the target treatment depth. Significant reductions in TCE groundwater concentrations (57 to 100%) were observed at all depths targeted with EZVI. Groundwater samples from the treatment area also showed significant increases in the concentrations of cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC) and ethene. The decrease in concentrations of TCE in soil and groundwater samples following treatment with EZVI is believed to be due to abiotic degradation associated with the ZVI as well as biodegradation enhanced by the presence of the oil and surfactant in the EZVI emulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DENSE nonaqueous phase liquids
KW  - IRON
KW  - IN situ remediation
KW  - LIQUIDS
KW  - SURFACE active agents
KW  - NONAQUEOUS phase liquids
N1  - Accession Number: 16348664; Quinn, Jacqueline 1; Email Address: Jacqueline.W.Quinn@nasa.gov. Geiger, Cherie 2 Clausen, Chris 2 Brooks, Kathleen 2 Coon, Christina 2 O'Hara, Suzanne 3 Krug, Thomas 3; Email Address: tkrug@geosyntec.com. Major, David 3 Yoon, Woong-Sang 4 Gavaskar, Arun 4 Holdsworth, Thomas 5; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Stop YA-C3-C, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899  2: University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816  3: GeoSyntec Consultants, Inc., 130 Research Lane, Suite 2, Guelph, Ontario, NJG 5G3 Canada  4: Battelle Memorial Institute, 505 King Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43201  5: U.S. EPA, 26 West Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268; Source Info: 3/1/2005, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p1309; Subject Term: DENSE nonaqueous phase liquids; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: IN situ remediation; Subject Term: LIQUIDS; Subject Term: SURFACE active agents; Subject Term: NONAQUEOUS phase liquids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verbanac, Giuli
AU  - de Pater, Imke
AU  - Showalter, Mark R.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Keck infrared observations of Saturn's main rings bracketing Earth's August 1995 ring plane crossing
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 174
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 252
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present results of near-infrared (2.26 μm) observations of Saturn''s main rings taken with the W.M. Keck telescope during August 8–11, 1995, surrounding the time that Earth crossed Saturn''s ring plane. These observations provide a unique opportunity to study the evolution of the ring brightness in detail, and by combining our data with Hubble Space Telescope (HST) results (Nicholson et al., 1996, Science 272, 453–616), we extend the 12-hour HST time span to several days around the time of ring plane crossing (RPX). In this paper, we focus on the temporal evolution of the brightness in Saturn''s main rings. We examine both edge-on ring profiles and radial profiles obtained by “onion-peeling” the edge-on data. Before RPX, when the dark (unlit) face of the rings was observed, the inner C ring (including the Colombo gap), the Maxwell gap, Cassini Division and F ring region were very bright in transmitted light. After RPX, the main rings brighten rapidly, as expected. The profiles show east–west asymmetries both before and after RPX. Prior to RPX, the evolution in ring brightness of the Keck and HST data match one another quite well. The west side of the rings showed a nonlinear variation in brightness during the last hours before ring plane crossing, suggestive of clumping and longitudinal asymmetries in the F ring. Immediately after RPX, the east side of the rings brightened more rapidly than the west. A quantitative comparison of the Keck and HST data reveals that the rings were redder before RPX than after; we ascribe this difference to the enhanced multiple scattering of photons passing through to the unlit side of the rings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Saturn (Planetary rings)
N1  - Accession Number: 16736601; Verbanac, Giuli 1; Email Address: verbanac@irb.hr de Pater, Imke 2 Showalter, Mark R. 3,4 Lissauer, Jack J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Science Geophysical Institute “Andrija Mohorovicic,” Horvatovac bb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia  2: Astronomy Department, 601 Campbell Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Center for Radar Astronomy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  4: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 174 Issue 1, p241; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn (Planetary rings); NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuqin Xiong
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert R.
T1  - Study of Behavior of Digital Modulations for Beam Steerable Reflectarray Antennas.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1083
EP  - 1097
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - This paper investigates the bit error rate (BER) performance of digital modulations in a system with a scanning reflectarray antenna. A reflectarray causes intersymbol interference (ISI) in a digitally modulated signal, its phase shifters' phase errors cause signal distortion, and its phase shifters' phase transient causes beam pattern degradation during direction switching. In this paper, composite signal models of the reflectarray are established for both static and transient states. Due to different feed-to-element distances and the element-to-observation distances, different delays exist in signal components. These delays cause IS! whose effect Is analyzed and evaluated. Effects of phase shifters' phase errors and phase transient during beam switching are also analyzed and evaluated. Numerical calculations and simulations are performed. The analytical and simulation results for an example reflectarray at fc = 26.5 GHz and bit rate of 1.325 Gbps show that the BER degradation due to ISI is proportional to the symbol rate and the loss ranges from about 1 dB to around 2 dB in Eb/No, depending on original Eb/No, for BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM. The phase error effect is negligible for lower order modulations and is unacceptable for higher order modulations such as 64QAM and 2S6QAM. The degradation due to phase transient effect is about 2 dB for BPSK and QPSK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - DIGITAL modulation
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - MODULATION (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - Digital modulation
KW  - reflectarray antenna
N1  - Accession Number: 16403877; Fuqin Xiong 1; Email Address: f.xiong@csuohio.edu Romanofsky, Robert R. 2; Email Address: Robert.R.Romanofsky@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44116 USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p1083; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: DIGITAL modulation; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: MODULATION (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflectarray antenna; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2004.842694
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymann, Michael
AU  - Feng Lin
AU  - Meyer, George
AU  - Stefan Resmerita
T1  - Analysis of Zeno Behaviors in a Class of Hybrid Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 383
SN  - 00189286
AB  - This note investigates conditions for existence of Zeno behaviors (where a system undergoes an unbounded number of discrete transitions in a finite length of time) in a class of hybrid systems. Zeno behavior occurs, for example, when a controller unsuccessfully attempts to satisfy an invariance specification by switching the system among different configurations faster and faster. Two types of Zeno systems are investigated: (1) strongly Zeno systems where all runs of the system are Zeno and (2) (weakly) Zeno systems where only some runs of the system are Zeno. For constant-rate and bounded-rate hybrid systems and some nonlinear generalizations, necessary and sufficient conditions for both Zenoness and strong Zenoness are derived. The analysis is based on studying the trajectory set of a certain "equivalent" continuous-time system that is associated with the dynamic equations of the hybrid system. The relation between the possibility of existence of Zeno behaviors in a system and the problem of existence of non-Zeno safety controllers (that keep the system in a specified region of its operating space) is also examined. It is shown that in certain Zeno systems, a minimally-interventive safety controller may not exist, even if a safety controller exists, disproving a conjecture made earlier in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYBRID computer simulation
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - ELECTRICAL engineering
KW  - ELECTRIC power systems
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
N1  - Accession Number: 16557085; Heymann, Michael 1; Email Address: heymann@cs.technion.ac.il Feng Lin 2,3; Email Address: flin@ece.eng.wayne.edu Meyer, George 4; Email Address: George.Meyer-1@nasa.gov Stefan Resmerita 1; Email Address: stefan@cs.technion.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA  3: School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p376; Subject Term: HYBRID computer simulation; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL engineering; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAC.2005.843874
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Advanced Structural Dynamics and Active Control of Structures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 419
EP  - 419
SN  - 00189286
AB  - Reviews the book "Advanced Structural Dynamics and Active Control of Structures," by W.K. Gawronski.
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - GAWRONSKI, W. K.
KW  - ADVANCED Structural Dynamics & Active Control of Structures (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 16557094; Joshi, Suresh M. 1; Email Address: s.m.joshi@Iarc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p419; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: ADVANCED Structural Dynamics & Active Control of Structures (Book); People: GAWRONSKI, W. K.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1109/TAC.2005.843842
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
AU  - Oza, Nikunj C.
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne
T1  - Virtual Sensors: Using Data Mining Techniques to Efficiently Estimate Remote Sensing Spectra.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 590
EP  - 600
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Various instruments are used to create images of the earth and other objects in the universe in a diverse set of wavelength bands with the aim of understanding natural phenomena. Sometimes these instruments are built in a phased approach, with additional measurement capabilities added in later phases. In other cases, technology may mature to the point that the instrument offers new measurement capabilities that were not planned in the original design of the Instrument. In still other cases, high-resolution spectral measurements may be too costly to perform on a large sample, and therefore, lower resolution spectral instruments are used to take the majority of measurements. Many applied science questions that are relevant to the earth science remote sensing community require analysis of enormous amounts of data that were generated by instruments with disparate measurement capabilities. This paper addresses this problem using virtual sensors: a method that uses models trained on spectrally rich (high spectral resolution) data to "fill in" unmeasured spectral channels in spectrally poor (low spectral resolution) data. The models we use in this paper are multilayer perceptions, support vector machines (SVMs) with radial basis function kernels, and SVMs with mixture density Mercer kernels. We demonstrate this method by using models trained on the high spectral resolution Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instrument to estimate what the equivalent of the MODIS 1.6-μm channel would be for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR/2) instrument. The scientific motivation for the simulation of the 1 .6-pm channel is to improve the ability of the AVHRR/2 sensor to detect clouds over snow and ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - FREE-space optical technology
N1  - Accession Number: 16275045; Srivastava, Ashok N. 1; Email Address: ashok@emai.arc.nasa.gov Oza, Nikunj C. 1 Stroeve, Julienne 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  2: National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p590; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: DATA mining; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: FREE-space optical technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2004.842406
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - Bayesian blocks: Wavelets and beyond.
JO  - Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
JF  - Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 127
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 10692509
AB  - Bayesian Blocks is a technique for detecting and characterizing signals in noisy time series. This time-domain method establishes a representation with some features of wavelet expansions, but at the same time relaxing some of their restrictions. With Bayesian Blocks all details of the representation are flexible and determined by the data through optimization of a piecewise constant model. As with wavelets, Bayesian Blocks can effect denoising without explicit smoothing and the concomitant loss of information through degraded resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - TIME-domain analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 16246945; Scargle, Jeffrey D. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.D.Scargle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p119; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: TIME-domain analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lucia, David J.
AU  - Beran, Philip S.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Aeroelastic System Development Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and Volterra Theory.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/03//Mar/Apr2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 509
EP  - 518
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Volterra theory and proper orthogonal decomposition are combined into a hybrid methodology for reduced-order modeling of aeroelastic systems. The outcome of the method is a set of linear ordinary differential equations describing the modal amplitudes associated with both the structural modes and the proper orthogonal decomposition basis functions for the fluid. The structural modes are sine waves of varying frequency, and the new approach is applied to the fluid dynamics equations. The structural modes are treated as forcing terms that are impulsed as part of the fluid model realization. By the use of this approach, structural and fluid operators are coupled into a single aeroelastic operator while the parameter (or parameters) of interest for sensitivity analysis are preserved. The approach is applied to an elastic panel in supersonic crossflow. The resulting aeroelastic model provides correct limit-cycle oscillation prediction over a wide range of panel dynamic pressure values. Time integration of the reduced-order aeroelastic model is four orders of magnitude faster than the high-order solution procedure developed by the use of traditional fluid and structural solvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLTERRA equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DECOMPOSITION method (Mathematics)
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 16848450; Lucia, David J. 1,2; Email Address: david.lucia@wpafb.af.mil Beran, Philip S. 1,3; Email Address: philip.beran@wpafb.af.mil Silva, Walter A. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7542  2: Member, AIAA  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001  5: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2005, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p509; Subject Term: VOLTERRA equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION method (Mathematics); Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shukla, Satyajit
AU  - Agrawal, Rajnikant
AU  - Cho, Hyoung J.
AU  - Seal, Sudipta
AU  - Ludwig, Lawrence
AU  - Parish, Clyde
T1  - Effect of ultraviolet radiation exposure on room-temperature hydrogen sensitivity of nanocrystalline doped tin oxide sensor incorporated into microelectromechanical systems device.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2005/03//3/1/2005
VL  - 97
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 054307
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure on the room-temperature hydrogen (H2) sensitivity of nanocrystalline indium oxide (In2O3)-doped tin oxide (SnO2) thin-film gas sensor is investigated in this article. The present sensor is incorporated into microelectromechanical systems device using sol-gel dip-coating technique. The present sensor exhibits a very high sensitivity, as high as 65 000–110 000, at room temperature, for 900 ppm of H2 under the dynamic test condition without UV exposure. The H2 sensitivity is, however, observed to reduce to 200 under UV radiation, which is contrary to the literature data, where an enhanced room-temperature gas sensitivity has been reported under UV radiation. The observed phenomenon is attributed to the reduced surface coverage by the chemisorbed oxygen ions under UV radiation, which is in consonance with the prediction of the constitutive equation, proposed recently by the authors, for the gas sensitivity of nanocrystalline semiconductor oxide thin-film sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - SOLIDS
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16454264; Shukla, Satyajit 1; Email Address: sshukla@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu Agrawal, Rajnikant 1 Cho, Hyoung J. 1 Seal, Sudipta 1; Email Address: sscal@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu Ludwig, Lawrence 2 Parish, Clyde 2; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC) and Mechanical Materials Aerospace Engineering (MMAE) Department, Engineering 381, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, Florida 32816  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), John F. Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida 32899; Source Info: 3/1/2005, Vol. 97 Issue 5, p054307; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1851597
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pyatt, Hollis E.
AU  - Albrecht, Bruce A.
AU  - Fairall, Chris
AU  - Hare, J. E.
AU  - Bond, Nicholas
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
T1  - Evolution of Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer Structure across the Cold Tongue–ITCZ Complex.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 18
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 737
EP  - 753
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean is influenced by spatial variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the region. As the MABL air is advected across a strong SST gradient associated with the cold tongue–ITCZ complex (CTIC), substantial changes occur in the thermodynamic structure, surface fluxes, and cloud properties. This study attempts to define and explain the variability in the MABL structure and clouds over the CTIC. Using data collected on research cruises from the fall seasons of 1999–2001, composite soundings were created for both the cold and warm sides of the SST front to describe the mean atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structure and its evolution across this front. The average difference in SST across this front was ∼6°C; much of this difference was concentrated in a band only ∼50 km wide. During the fall seasons, on the cold side of the gradient, a well-defined inversion exists in all years. Below this inversion, both fair-weather cumulus and stratiform clouds are observed. As the MABL air moves over the SST front to warmer waters, the inversion weakens and increases in height. The MABL also moistens and eventually supports deeper convection over the ITCZ. Both the latent and sensible heat fluxes increase dramatically across the SST front because of both an increase in SST and surface wind speed. Cloudiness is variable on the cold side of the SST front ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 coverage. On the warm side, cloud fraction was quite constant in time, with values generally greater than 0.8. The highest cloud-top heights (>3 km) are found well north of the SST front, indicating areas of deeper convection. An analysis using energy and moisture budgets identifies the roles of various physical processes in the MABL evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - CLOUDINESS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 16787691; Pyatt, Hollis E. 1 Albrecht, Bruce A. 1; Email Address: balbrecht@rsmas.miami.edu Fairall, Chris 2 Hare, J. E. 2 Bond, Nicholas 3 Minnis, Patrick 4 Ayers, J. Kirk 5; Affiliation:  1: Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida  2: NOAA/ETL, Boulder, Colorado  3: JISAO/University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  4: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  5: Analytical Sciences and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 18 Issue 5, p737; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: CLOUDINESS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 17 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdel-Hady, Faissal
AU  - Baaklini, George
AU  - Gowayed, Yasser
AU  - Creighton, Ryan
AU  - Dongyeon Lee
AU  - Trudell, Jeffery
T1  - Manufacture and NDE of Multi-direction Composite Flywheel Rims.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 421
AB  - A universal winding machine is designed and constructed to manufacture a Multi-direction Composite (MDC) flywheel. The machine has three translation axes (XYZ) for the main carriage, three rotation axes around XYZ and an axis of mandrel rotation. Radial rings comprising fibers in the radial direction and hoop rings with fibers in the hoop direction are manufactured using this machine. Multiple hoop and radial rings are assembled in a special assembly mold to form an MDC rim. Manufacturing details and results of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) using X-ray and thermal techniques conducted of radial and hoop rings are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WINDING machines
KW  - FLYWHEELS
KW  - ARBORS & mandrels
KW  - X-rays
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - composite manufacture
KW  - filament winding
KW  - flywheels
KW  - multi-direction composite (MDC)
KW  - nondestructive evaluation (NDE)
KW  - thermal imaging
KW  - X-ray
N1  - Accession Number: 16889064; Abdel-Hady, Faissal 1 Baaklini, George 2 Gowayed, Yasser 1 Creighton, Ryan 1 Dongyeon Lee 1 Trudell, Jeffery 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Textile Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p413; Subject Term: WINDING machines; Subject Term: FLYWHEELS; Subject Term: ARBORS & mandrels; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite manufacture; Author-Supplied Keyword: filament winding; Author-Supplied Keyword: flywheels; Author-Supplied Keyword: multi-direction composite (MDC); Author-Supplied Keyword: nondestructive evaluation (NDE); Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333515 Cutting Tool and Machine Tool Accessory Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333249 Other Industrial Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313110 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333248 All other industrial machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684405044897
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Randall, C. E.
AU  - Manney, G. L.
AU  - Allen, D. R.
AU  - Bevilacqua, R. M.
AU  - Hornstein, J.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Lahoz, W.
AU  - Ajtic, J.
AU  - Bodeker, G.
T1  - Reconstruction and Simulation of Stratospheric Ozone Distributions during the 2002 Austral Winter.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/03//3/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 748
EP  - 764
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Satellite-based solar occultation measurements during the 2002 austral winter have been used to reconstruct global, three-dimensional ozone distributions. The reconstruction method uses correlations between potential vorticity and ozone to derive “proxy” distributions from the geographically limited occultation observations. Ozone profiles from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), the Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM III), and the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II and III (SAGE II and III) are incorporated into the analysis. Because this is one of the first uses of SAGE III data in a scientific analysis, preliminary validation results are shown. The reconstruction method is described, with particular emphasis on uncertainties caused by noisy and/or multivalued correlations. The evolution of the solar occultation data and proxy ozone fields throughout the winter is described, and differences with respect to previous winters are characterized. The results support the idea that dynamical forcing early in the 2002 winter influenced the morphology of the stratosphere in a significant and unusual manner, possibly setting the stage for the unprecedented major stratospheric warming in late September. The proxy is compared with ozone from mechanistic, primitive equation model simulations of passive ozone tracer fields during the time of the warming. In regions where chemistry is negligible compared to transport, the model and proxy ozone fields agree well. The agreement between, and changes in, the large-scale ozone fields in the model and proxy indicate that transport processes, particularly enhanced poleward transport and mixing, are the primary cause of ozone changes through most of the stratosphere during this unprecedented event. The analysis culminates with the calculation of globally distributed column ozone during the major warming, showing quantitatively how transport of low-latitude air to the polar region in the middle stratosphere led to the diminished ozone hole in 2002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - GASES
N1  - Accession Number: 16701936; Randall, C. E. 1; Email Address: cora.randall@lasp.colorado.edu Manney, G. L. 2,3 Allen, D. R. 4 Bevilacqua, R. M. 4 Hornstein, J. 4 Trepte, C. 5 Lahoz, W. 6 Ajtic, J. 7 Bodeker, G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.  3: Department of Natural Sciences, New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico.  4: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C.  5: Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia & Data Assimilation Research Centre, Reading, United Kingdom.  6: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Central Otago, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Source Info: 3/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p748; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: GASES; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, M.
AU  - Oas, J. G.
AU  - Deserranno, Dimitri
T1  - Fluid-structural dynamics of ground-based and microgravity caloric tests.
JO  - Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation
JF  - Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 107
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 09574271
AB  - Microgravity caloric tests aboard the 1983 SpaceLab1 mission produced nystagmus results with an intensity comparable to those elicited during post- and pre- flight tests, thus contradicting the basic premise of Barany's convection hypothesis for caloric stimulation. In this work, we present a dynamic fluid structural analysis of the caloric stimulation of the lateral semicircular canal based on two simultaneous driving forces for the endolymphatic flow: natural convection driven by the temperature-dependent density variation in the bulk fluid and expansive convection caused by direct volumetric displacement of the endolymph during the thermal irrigation. Direct numerical simulations indicate that on earth, the natural convection mechanism is dominant. But in the microgravity environment of orbiting spacecraft, where buoyancy effects are mitigated, expansive convection becomes the sole mechanism for producing cupular displacement. A series of transient 1 g and microgravity case studies are presented to delineate the differences between the dynamics of the 1 g and microgravity endolymphatic flows. The impact of these different flow dynamics on the endolymph-cupula fluid-structural interactions is also analyzed based on the time evolutions of cupular displacement and velocity and the transcupular pressure differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - NYSTAGMUS
KW  - CONVECTION (Astrophysics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - caloric test
KW  - CFD
KW  - Fluid structural interaction
KW  - inner ear
KW  - microgravity
KW  - vestibular system
N1  - Accession Number: 17292736; Kassemi, M. 1; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@grc.nasa.gov Oas, J. G. 2 Deserranno, Dimitri 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, MS110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Otolaryngology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, (A71), Cleveland, OH 44195, USA  3: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p93; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: NYSTAGMUS; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: caloric test; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid structural interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: inner ear; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: vestibular system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desmidt, Hans A.
AU  - Smith, Edward C.
AU  - Wang, K. W.
AU  - Provenza, Andrew J.
T1  - On the Robust Stability of Segmented Driveshafts with Active Magnetic Bearing Control.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 317
EP  - 329
SN  - 10775463
AB  - Many researchers and engineers have employed active control techniques, such as active magnetic bearings (AMBs), to suppress imbalance vibration in various subcritical and supercritical speed rotor-dynamic applications. One issue that has not yet been addressed in previous AMB driveline control studies is the effect of non-constant velocity (NCV) flexible couplings, such as U-joint or disk-type couplings, present in many segmented drivelines. The NCV effects introduce periodic parametric and forcing terms into the equations of motion that are functions of shaft speed, driveline misalignment, and load-torque, resulting in a linear periodically time-varying system. Previous research has found that both internal damping and NCV terms greatly impact stability; thus, they must be accounted for in the control law design in order to ensure closed-loop stability of any AMB-NCV-driveline system. In this paper, numerical Floquet theory is used to explore the closed-loop stability of a flexible segmented NCV-driveline supported by AMBs with a proportional-derivative (PD) type controller. To ensure robust stability with respect to internal damping and NCV effects, the robust P and D gains and AMB locations are selected based on maximizing a stability index over a range of shaft speeds, driveline misalignments, and load-torques. It is found that maximum robustness occurs within a finite range of P and D gains for several different AMB locations. Finally, the range of robustly stabilizing P gains versus the shaft speed is examined for several misalignment and load-torque bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC bearings
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - magnetic bearings
KW  - periodic systems
KW  - robust control
KW  - Supercritical driveline
N1  - Accession Number: 16989191; Desmidt, Hans A. 1 Smith, Edward C. 1 Wang, K. W. 1; Email Address: kwwang@psu.edu Provenza, Andrew J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, 157 Hammond Bldg., University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p317; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bearings; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: periodic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supercritical driveline; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1077546305051200
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Penko, Paul F.
T1  - Old Wheels.
JO  - Mechanical Engineering
JF  - Mechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 127
IS  - 3
M3  - Letter
SP  - 6
EP  - 6
PB  - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
SN  - 00256501
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor about the effect of technology on the development of human culture and history.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16260502; Penko, Paul F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center Brook Park, Ohio; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 127 Issue 3, p6; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Number of Pages: 1/7p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 190
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Subramanian, R. Shankar
T1  - Response to “Comment on ‘Thermocapillary convection due to a stationary bubble’” [Phys. Fluids 17, 039101 (2005)].
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 039102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Presents a reply to comment on the article "Thermocapillary Convection Due to a Stationary Bubble" published in the 2005 issue of "Physics Fluids 17."
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - BUBBLES -- Thermodynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16288317; Balasubramaniam, R. 1 Subramanian, R. Shankar 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p039102; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: BUBBLES -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1862213
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinberg, Susan L.
AU  - Poritz, Darwin
T1  - Measurement of Hydraulic Characteristics of Porous Media Used to Grow Plants in Microgravity.
JO  - Soil Science Society of America Journal
JF  - Soil Science Society of America Journal
Y1  - 2005/03//Mar/Apr2005
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 310
SN  - 03615995
AB  - Understanding the effect of gravity on hydraulic properties of plant growth medium is essential for growing plants in space. The suitability of existing models to simulate hydraulic properties of porous medium is uncertain due to limited understanding of fundamental mechanisms controlling water and air transport in microgravity. The objective of this research was to characterize saturated and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K) of two particle-size distributions of baked ceramic aggregate using direct measurement techniques compatible with microgravity. Steady state (Method A) and instantaneous profile measurement (Method B) methods for K were used in a single experimental unit with horizontal flow through thin sections of porous medium providing an earth-based analog to microgravity. Comparison between methods was conducted using a crossover experimental design compatible with limited resources of space flight. Satiated (natural saturation) K ranged from 0.09 to 0.12 cm s-1 and 0.5 to >1 cm s-1 for 0.25- to 1- and 1- to 2-mm media, respectively. The K at the interaggregate/intraaggregate transition was ≈10-4 cm s-1 for both particle-size distributions. Significant differences in log10K due to method and porous medium were less than one order of magnitude and were attributed to variability in air entrapment. The van Genuchten/Mualem parametric models provided an adequate prediction of K of the interaggregate pore space, using residual water content for that pore space. The instantaneous profile method covers the range of water contents relevant to plant growth using fewer resources than Method A, all advantages for space flight where mass, volume, and astronaut time are limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Soil Science Society of America Journal is the property of American Society of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - HYDRAULICS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - CERAMIC materials
N1  - Accession Number: 16556802; Steinberg, Susan L. 1; Email Address: susan.1.steinberg1@jsc.nasa.gov Poritz, Darwin 2; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Mail Code EC3  2: Hernandez Engineering, Mail Code C77, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058; Source Info: Mar/Apr2005, Vol. 69 Issue 2, p301; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: HYDRAULICS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutter, B.
AU  - Hossner, L. R.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
T1  - Dissolution Kinetics of Iron-, Manganese-, and Copper-Containing Synthetic Hydroxyapatites.
JO  - Soil Science Society of America Journal
JF  - Soil Science Society of America Journal
Y1  - 2005/03//Mar/Apr2005
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 362
EP  - 370
SN  - 03615995
AB  - Micronutrient-substituted synthetic hydroxyapatite (SHA) is being evaluated by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Advanced Life Support (ALS) Program for crop production on long-duration human missions to the International Space Station or for future Lunar or Martian outposts. The stirred-flow technique was utilized to characterize Ca, P, Fe, Mn, and Cu release characteristics from Fe-, Mn-, and Cu-containing SHA in deionized (DI) water, citric acid, and diethylene-triamine-pentaacetic acid (DTPA). Initially, Ca and P release rates decreased rapidly with time and were controlled by a non-SHA calcium phosphate phase(s) with low Ca/P solution molar ratios (0.91-1.51) relative to solid SHA ratios (1.56-1.64). At later times, Ca/P solution molar ratios (1.47-1.79) were near solid SHA ratios and release rates decreased slowly indicating that SHA controlled Ca and P release. Substituted SHA materials had faster dissolution rates relative to unsubstituted SHA. The initial metal release rate order was Mn » Cu > Fe which followed metal-oxide/ phosphate solubility suggesting that poorly crystalline metal-oxides/ phosphates were dominating metal release. Similar metal release rates for all substituted SHA (approximately 0.01 cmol kg-1 min-1) at the end of the DTPA experiment indicated that SHA dissolution was supplying the metals into solution and that poorly crystalline metaloxide/phosphates were not controlling metal release. Results indicate that non-SHA Ca-phosphate phases and poorly crystalline metaloxide/phosphates will contribute Ca, P, and metals. After these phases have dissolved, substituted SHA will be the source of Ca, P, and metals for plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Soil Science Society of America Journal is the property of American Society of Agronomy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
KW  - MANGANESE
KW  - COPPER
KW  - HYDROXYAPATITE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - CRYSTALS
N1  - Accession Number: 16556809; Sutter, B. 1; Email Address: bsutter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Hossner, L. R. 2 Ming, D. W. 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Dep. of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058; Source Info: Mar/Apr2005, Vol. 69 Issue 2, p362; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: MANGANESE; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: HYDROXYAPATITE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sturrock, P. A.
AU  - Scargle, J. D.
AU  - Walther, G.
AU  - Wheatland, M. S.
T1  - Combined and Comparative Analysis of Power Spectra.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2005/03//
VL  - 227
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 153
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
AB  - In solar physics, especially in exploratory stages of research, it is often necessary to compare the power spectra of two or more time series. One may, for instance, wish to estimate what the power spectrum of the combined data sets might have been, or one may wish to estimate the significance of a particular peak that shows up in two or more power spectra. One may also on occasion need to search for a complex of peaks in a single power spectrum, such as a fundamental and one or more harmonics, or a fundamental plus sidebands, etc. Visual inspection can be revealing, but it can also be misleading. This leads one to look for one or more ways of forming statistics, which readily lend themselves to significance estimation, from two or more power spectra. We derive formulas for statistics formed from the sum, the minimum, and the product of two or more power spectra. A distinguishing feature of our formulae is that, if each power spectrum has an exponential distribution, each statistic also has an exponential distribution. The statistic formed from the minimum power of two or more power spectra is well known and has an exponential distribution. The sum of two or more powers also has a well-known distribution that is not exponential, but a simple operation does lead to an exponential distribution. Concerning the product of two or more power spectra, we find an analytical expression for the casen= 2, and a procedure for computing the statistic forn>2. We also show that some quite simple expressions give surprisingly good approximations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - POWER (Mechanics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SUN
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 17211406; Sturrock, P. A. 1; Email Address: sturrock@stanford.edu Scargle, J. D. 2 Walther, G. 3 Wheatland, M. S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, U.S.A.  2: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.  3: Statistics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4065, U.S.A.  4: School of Physics, University of Sydney,Sydney, Australia; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 227 Issue 1, p137; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Subject Term: POWER (Mechanics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-005-7424-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
T1  - Site preference of ternary alloying additions to NiTi: Fe, Pt, Pd, Au, Al, Cu, Zr and Hf
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2005/03/08/
VL  - 389
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 80
EP  - 94
SN  - 09258388
AB  - Abstract: A technique for atomistic modeling of the site substitution behavior of Pd in NiTi [G. Bozzolo, R.D. Noebe, H.O. Mosca, Atomistic modeling of Pd site preference in Ni, J. Alloys Comp. 386 (2005) 125] has been extended to examine the behavior of several other alloying additions, namely, Fe, Pt, Au, Al, Cu, Zr and Hf in this important shape memory alloy. It was found that all elements, to a varying degree, displayed absolute preference for available sites in the deficient sublattice. However, the energetics of the different substitutional schemes, coupled with large-scale simulations indicate that the general trend in all cases is for the ternary addition to want to form stronger ordered structures with Ti. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Copper
KW  - Gold
KW  - Hafnium
KW  - Iron
KW  - Nickel
KW  - Palladium
KW  - Platinum
KW  - Semi-empirical methods
KW  - Shape memory alloy
KW  - Titanium
KW  - Zirconium
N1  - Accession Number: 19181783; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Mosca, Hugo O. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, M.S. 23-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, UAM, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 389 Issue 1/2, p80; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hafnium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Platinum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zirconium; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.07.051
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Samanta, Manoj Pratim
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Marshall, Wallace F.
T1  - Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii identifies orthologs of ciliary disease genes.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2005/03/08/
VL  - 102
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3703
EP  - 3707
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The important role that cilia and flagella play in human disease creates an urgent need to identify genes involved in ciliary assembly and function. The strong and specific induction of flagellar- coding genes during flagellar regeneration in Chiamydomonas reinhardtii suggests that transcriptional profiling of such cells would reveal new flagella-related genes. We have conducted a genome-wide analysis of RNA transcript levels during flagellar regeneration in Chlamydomonas by using maskless photolithography method-produced DNA oligonudeotide microarrays with unique probe sequences for all exons of the 19,803 predicted genes. This analysis represents previously uncharacterized whole- genome transcriptional activity profiling study in this important model organism. Analysis of strongly induced genes reveals a large set of known flagellar components and also identifies a number of important disease-related proteins as being involved with cilia and flagella, including the zebrafish polycystic kidney genes Qilin, Reptin, and Pontin, as well as the testis-expressed tubby-like protein TULP2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAGELLA (Microbiology)
KW  - CHLAMYDOMONAS reinhardtii
KW  - GENOMES
KW  - GENETICS
KW  - RNA
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - cilia
KW  - flagella
KW  - polycystic kidney disease
KW  - RNA transcription
N1  - Accession Number: 16554967; Stolc, Viktor 1,2; Email Address: vstolc@mail.arc.nasa.gov Samanta, Manoj Pratim 1,3 Tongprasit, Waraporn 4 Marshall, Wallace F. 5; Email Address: wmarshall@biochem.ucsf.edu; Affiliation:  1: Genome Research Facility, National Aeronautic and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  2: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.  3: Systemix Institute, Cupertino, CA 95014.  4: Eloret Corporation at National Aeronautic and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  5: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143.; Source Info: 3/8/2005, Vol. 102 Issue 10, p3703; Subject Term: FLAGELLA (Microbiology); Subject Term: CHLAMYDOMONAS reinhardtii; Subject Term: GENOMES; Subject Term: GENETICS; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: cilia; Author-Supplied Keyword: flagella; Author-Supplied Keyword: polycystic kidney disease; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA transcription; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0408358102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McMillan, R. Andrew
AU  - Howard, Jeanie
AU  - Zaluzec, J.
AU  - Kagawa, Hiromi K.
AU  - Mogul, Rakesh
AU  - Yi-Fen Li
AU  - Paavola, Chad D.
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - A Self-Assembling Protein Template for Constrained Synthesis and Patterning of Nanoparticle Arrays.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2005/03/09/
VL  - 127
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2800
EP  - 2801
SN  - 00027863
AB  - This article focuses on a self-assembling protein template for constrained synthesis and patterning of nanoparticle arrays. The authors report here a general technique for patterning nanoparticle (NP) arrays using a genetically engineered crystalline protein template to direct constrained chemical synthesis. The heat-shock protein TF55β spontaneously assembles into an octadecameric double-ring cage structure called a chaperonin, which in turn readily assembles into two-dimensional (2D) crystalline arrays of the chaperonin. When incubated with Pd(II), the chaperonin cores become sites for selectively initiating the chemical reduction of magnetic transition metal ions from precursor salts. This procedure yields arrays of bimetallic nanoparticles with dimensions defined by the chaperonin. Furthermore, the NPs are patterned into arrays because the 2D crystalline template imparts longer-range order that extends across the engineered protein crystal. Target applications of these metallic nanoparticles and semiconductor quantum dots. The authors introduced an alternative strategy in which they engineered the structure of TF55β to enhance the solvent accessibility of the chaperonin core and then functionalize it by attaching a peptide to the amino terminus of the subunit which is positioned inside the chaperonin.
KW  - MOLECULAR chaperones
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - QUANTUM electronics
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 16404020; McMillan, R. Andrew 1; Email Address: amcmillan@5AMventures.com Howard, Jeanie Zaluzec, J. 2 Kagawa, Hiromi K. Mogul, Rakesh Yi-Fen Li Paavola, Chad D. 1 Trent, Jonathan D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.  2: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439.; Source Info: 3/9/2005, Vol. 127 Issue 9, p2800; Subject Term: MOLECULAR chaperones; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: QUANTUM electronics; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watson, Kent A.
AU  - Ghose, Sayata
AU  - Delozier, Donavon M.
AU  - Smith, Joseph G.
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - Transparent, flexible, conductive carbon nanotube coatings for electrostatic charge mitigation
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2005/03/10/
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2076
EP  - 2085
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Low color, space environmentally durable polymeric films with sufficient electrical conductivity to mitigate electrostatic charge (ESC) build-up are needed for applications on advanced spacecraft, particularly on large, ultra-light weight space structures. For these applications, the films must exhibit electrical conductivity that can survive the folding and unfolding required for packaging and deployment. The work described herein consists of coating the surface of polymer films with a thin layer of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Surface resistivities in the range sufficient for ESC mitigation were achieved with minimal effects on the optical and thermo-optical properties of the films. Bending, folding or crumpling did not affect the surface resistivity of the coated films. The preparation and characterization of SWNT coated space durable polymer films are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - BENDING (Metalwork)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - Electrostatic charge mitigation
KW  - Low color polyimides
KW  - Space durable polymers
N1  - Accession Number: 17437051; Watson, Kent A. 1; Email Address: k.a.watson@larc.nasa.gov Ghose, Sayata 2 Delozier, Donavon M. 2 Smith, Joseph G. 2 Connell, John W. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton VA 23666-1399, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p2076; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: BENDING (Metalwork); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic charge mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low color polyimides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space durable polymers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.12.057
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Joseph G.
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Watson, Kent A.
AU  - Danehy, Paul M.
T1  - Optical and thermo-optical properties of space durable polymer/carbon nanotube films: experimental results and empirical equations
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2005/03/10/
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2276
EP  - 2284
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: The incorporation of purified high-pressure carbon monoxide prepared single-walled carbon nanotubes (HiPco SWNTs) into the bulk of space environmentally durable polymers at loading levels ≥0.05wt% has afforded thin films with surface and volume resistivities sufficient for electrostatic charge mitigation. However, the optical transparency at 500nm decreased and the solar absorptivity increased with increased SWNT loading. Besides showing a loading dependency, these properties were also dependent upon film thickness. The absorbance of the films at 500nm as a function of SWNT loading and film thickness was determined to follow the classic Beer–Lambert law. Based on these results, a simple empirical relationship was derived to provide a predictive approximation of these properties. The molar absorptivity determined for the purified HiPco SWNTs dispersed in the polymer by this simple treatment was of the same order of magnitude to reported solution determined values for HiPco SWNTs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - THICK films
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - Beer–Lambert law
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Low color polyimides
N1  - Accession Number: 17437073; Smith, Joseph G. 1; Email Address: joseph.g.smith@nasa.gov Connell, John W. 1 Watson, Kent A. 2 Danehy, Paul M. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, Mail Stop 493, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p2276; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: THICK films; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beer–Lambert law; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low color polyimides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.01.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dholakia, Geetha R.
AU  - Fan, W.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Effect of monolayer order and dynamics on the electronic transport of molecular wires.
JO  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
JF  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
Y1  - 2005/03/15/
VL  - 80
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1215
EP  - 1223
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09478396
AB  - This article discusses the self assembly of conjugated thiol molecular wires on Au(111) substrates and their charge transport studied by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Molecular resolution imaging of the conjugated thiols show that differences in their structure and inter molecular interactions result in an ordering on gold that is different from the hexagonal symmetry found in alkanethiols. Tunneling spectroscopy on the molecular wires provides information about their intrinsic electronic properties such as the origin of the observed conductance gap and asymmetry in the I-Vs. Further by concurrent topographic and tunneling spectroscopic studies on a conjugated thiol molecule self assembled with and without molecular order, we show that packing and order determine the response of the monolayer to various competing interactions and that the presence of molecular order is very important for reproducible transport measurements. Competing forces between the electric field, intermolecular interactions, tip-molecule physisorption and substrate-molecule chemisorption impact the transport measurements and its reliability. This study points to the fact that molecular electronic devices should be designed to be tolerant to such fluctuations and dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SCANNING probe microscopy
KW  - TUNNELING (Physics)
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTRIC wire
N1  - Accession Number: 16398398; Dholakia, Geetha R. 1; Email Address: gdholakia@mail.arc.nasa.gov Fan, W. 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 80 Issue 6, p1215; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SCANNING probe microscopy; Subject Term: TUNNELING (Physics); Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRIC wire; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335920 Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00339-004-3165-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bratkovsky, A.M.
AU  - Osipov, V.V.
T1  - Efficient spin injection and extraction in modified reverse and forward biased ferromagnetic-semiconductor junctions and low-power ultrafast spin injection devices.
JO  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
JF  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
Y1  - 2005/03/15/
VL  - 80
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1237
EP  - 1246
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09478396
AB  - This paper addresses recent theoretical and experimental advances in obtaining large spin polarization in semiconductors. In particular, we describe tunneling of electrons between nonmagnetic semiconductors (S) and ferromagnets (FM) through a Schottky barrier modified by very thin heavily doped interfacial layer. It is shown that in such reverse (forward) biased FM-S junctions electrons with a certain spin projection can be efficiently injected in (extracted from) S. This occurs due to spin filtering of electrons in a tunneling process. We find conditions for most efficient extraction and accumulation of spin and show that spin polarization of electrons near the interface can, at least in principle, be made close to 100% in nondegenerate S at room temperature and certain bias voltages. Extraction of spin can proceed in degenerate semiconductors at any (low) temperature. A new class of spin valve ultrafast devices with small dissipated power is described: a magnetic sensor, a spin transistor, an amplifier, a frequency multiplier, and a square-law detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - FREQUENCY changers
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16398401; Bratkovsky, A.M. 1; Email Address: alexb@hpl.hp.com Osipov, V.V. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, 1L, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.  2: Physics Devices, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 80 Issue 6, p1237; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: FREQUENCY changers; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00339-004-3178-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Exton, R. J.
AU  - Popovic, S.
AU  - Herring, G. C.
AU  - Cooper, M.
T1  - Levitation using microwave-induced plasmas.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/03/21/
VL  - 86
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 124103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The levitation of objects above a microwave horn is demonstrated. High-power microwave pulses generate a low-temperature, diffuse plasma on the surface of the horn window. The thermal effect of the surface plasma brings about a localized increase in the pressure and results in a vertical flow of air, thus levitating the object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - LEVITATION
KW  - PSYCHOKINESIS
KW  - LASER plasmas
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - MICROWAVES
N1  - Accession Number: 16581716; Exton, R. J. 1; Email Address: r.j.exton@larc.nasa.gov Popovic, S. 2 Herring, G. C. 1 Cooper, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.  2: Physics Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529.; Source Info: 3/21/2005, Vol. 86 Issue 12, p124103; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: LEVITATION; Subject Term: PSYCHOKINESIS; Subject Term: LASER plasmas; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1887837
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Farassat, F.
T1  - Comments on the paper by Zinoviev and Bies “On acoustic radiation by a rigid object in a fluid flow”
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/03/22/
VL  - 281
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1217
EP  - 1223
SN  - 0022460X
N1  - Accession Number: 16391288; Farassat, F. 1; Email Address: feri.farassat@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 461, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 281 Issue 3-5, p1217; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.05.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Samanta, Manoj Pratim
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Sethi, Himanshu
AU  - Shoudan Liang
AU  - Nelson, David C.
AU  - Hegeman, Adrian
AU  - Nelson, Clark
AU  - Rancour, David
AU  - Bednarek, Sebastian
AU  - Ulrich, Eldon L.
AU  - Qin Zhao
AU  - Wrobel, Russell L.
AU  - Newman, Craig S.
AU  - Fox, Brian G.
AU  - Phillips Jr., George N.
AU  - Markley, John L.
AU  - Sussman, Michael R.
T1  - Identification of transcribed sequences in Arabidopsis thaliana by using high-resolution genome tiling arrays.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2005/03/22/
VL  - 102
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4453
EP  - 4458
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Using a maskiess photolithography method, we produced DNA oligonucleotide microarrays with probe sequences tiled through- out the genome of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. RNA expression was determined for the complete nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast genomes by tiling 5 million 36-mer probes. These probes were hybridized to labeled mRNA isolated from liquid grown T87 cells, an undifferentiated Arabidopsis cell culture line. Transcripts were detected from at least 60% of the nearly 26,330 annotated genes, which included 151 predicted genes that were not identified previously by a similar genome-wide hybridization study on four different cell lines. In comparison with previously published results with 25-mer tiling arrays produced by chromium masking-based photolithography technique, 36-mer oligonucleotide probes were found to be more useful in identifying intron-exon boundaries. Using two-dimensional HPLC tandem mass spectrometry, a small-scale proteomic analysis was performed with the same cells. A large amount of strongly hybridizing RNA was found in regions "antisense" to known genes. Similarity of antisense activities between the 25-mer and 36-mer data sets suggests that it is a reproducible and inherent property of the experiments. Transcription activities were also detected for many of the intergenic regions and the small RNAs, including tRNA, small nuclear RNA, small nucleolar RNA, and microRNA. Expression of tRNAs correlates with genome-wide amino acid usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARABIDOPSIS
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - GENETICS
KW  - ARABIDOPSIS thaliana
KW  - PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
KW  - PHOTORESISTS
KW  - CELL culture
KW  - higher plant
KW  - maskless array synthesizer
KW  - transcriptome
N1  - Accession Number: 16753944; Stolc, Viktor 1,2; Email Address: vstol@mail.arc.nasa.gov Samanta, Manoj Pratim 3; Email Address: manoj.samanta@systemix.org Tongprasit, Waraporn 4 Sethi, Himanshu 4 Shoudan Liang 1 Nelson, David C. 5 Hegeman, Adrian 5 Nelson, Clark 5 Rancour, David 5 Bednarek, Sebastian 5 Ulrich, Eldon L. 5 Qin Zhao 5 Wrobel, Russell L. 5 Newman, Craig S. 5 Fox, Brian G. 5 Phillips Jr., George N. 5 Markley, John L. 5 Sussman, Michael R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Genome Research Facility, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  2: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.  3: Systemix Institute, Cupertino, CA 94035.  4: Eloret Corporation, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  5: Center for Eukaryotic Structural Genomics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.; Source Info: 3/22/2005, Vol. 102 Issue 12, p4453; Subject Term: ARABIDOPSIS; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: GENETICS; Subject Term: ARABIDOPSIS thaliana; Subject Term: PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: PHOTORESISTS; Subject Term: CELL culture; Author-Supplied Keyword: higher plant; Author-Supplied Keyword: maskless array synthesizer; Author-Supplied Keyword: transcriptome; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0408203102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delozier, D.M.
AU  - Tigelaar, D.M.
AU  - Watson, K.A.
AU  - Smith, J.G.
AU  - Klein, D.J.
AU  - Lillehei, P.T.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
T1  - Investigation of ionomers as dispersants for single wall carbon nanotubes
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2005/03/24/
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2506
EP  - 2521
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: A novel conjugated ionomer was prepared from a diamine and a bis(pyrylium salt). Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) were dispersed in solutions of the ionomer in N,N-dimethylacetamide resulting in homogenous suspensions or quasi-solutions. These suspensions were used to cast unoriented thin films. In addition, the ionomer/SWNT solutions were used to aid in the dispersal of SWNTs in a soluble, low color polyimide. The use of the ionomer as a dispersant enabled the nanotubes to be dispersed at loading levels up to 1wt% in a polyimide solution without visual agglomeration. SWNTs were well dispersed in the thin films as evidenced by visual inspection, optical microscopy, and high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The films were further characterized for their electrical and mechanical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONOMERS
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - SUSPENSIONS (Chemistry)
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - THIN films
KW  - Modified nanotubes
KW  - Poly(pyrylium salts)
KW  - Polyimides
N1  - Accession Number: 17464531; Delozier, D.M.; Email Address: d.m.delozier@larc.nasa.gov Tigelaar, D.M. Watson, K.A. Smith, J.G. 1 Klein, D.J. Lillehei, P.T. 1 Connell, J.W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p2506; Subject Term: IONOMERS; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: SUSPENSIONS (Chemistry); Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: THIN films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modified nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poly(pyrylium salts); Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimides; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.01.051
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Maosheng
AU  - Heinsch, Faith Ann
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Running, Steven W.
T1  - Improvements of the MODIS terrestrial gross and net primary production global data set
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/03/30/
VL  - 95
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 164
EP  - 176
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: MODIS primary production products (MOD17) are the first regular, near-real-time data sets for repeated monitoring of vegetation primary production on vegetated land at 1-km resolution at an 8-day interval. But both the inconsistent spatial resolution between the gridded meteorological data and MODIS pixels, and the cloud-contaminated MODIS FPAR/LAI (MOD15A2) retrievals can introduce considerable errors to Collection4 primary production (denoted as C4 MOD17) results. Here, we aim to rectify these problems through reprocessing key inputs to MODIS primary vegetation productivity algorithm, resulting in improved Collection5 MOD17 (here denoted as C5 MOD17) estimates. This was accomplished by spatial interpolation of the coarse resolution meteorological data input and with temporal filling of cloud-contaminated MOD15A2 data. Furthermore, we modified the Biome Parameter Look-Up Table (BPLUT) based on recent synthesized NPP data and some observed GPP derived from some flux tower measurements to keep up with the improvements in upstream inputs. Because MOD17 is one of the down-stream MODIS land products, the performance of the algorithm can be largely influenced by the uncertainties from upstream inputs, such as land cover, FPAR/LAI, the meteorological data, and algorithm itself. MODIS GPP fits well with GPP derived from 12 flux towers over North America. Globally, the 3-year MOD17 NPP is comparable to the Ecosystem Model–Data Intercomparison (EMDI) NPP data set, and global total MODIS GPP and NPP are inversely related to the observed atmospheric CO2 growth rates, and MEI index, indicating MOD17 are reliable products. From 2001 to 2003, mean global total GPP and NPP estimated by MODIS are 109.29 Pg C/year and 56.02 Pg C/year, respectively. Based on this research, the improved global MODIS primary production data set is now ready for monitoring ecological conditions, natural resources and environmental changes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AERIAL photogrammetry
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - Global primary production
KW  - Improvements
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 17464579; Zhao, Maosheng 1; Email Address: zhao@ntsg.umt.edu Heinsch, Faith Ann 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2 Running, Steven W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Dept. of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2005, Vol. 95 Issue 2, p164; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AERIAL photogrammetry; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Improvements; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peters, Brian
AU  - Bloomberg, Jacob
T1  - Dynamic visual acuity using “far” and “near” targets.
JO  - Acta Oto-Laryngologica
JF  - Acta Oto-Laryngologica
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 125
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
EP  - 357
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00016489
AB  - Conclusions DVA may be useful for assessing the functional consequences of an impaired gaze stabilization mechanism or for testing the effectiveness of a rehabilitation paradigm. Because target distance influences the relative contributions of canal and otolith inputs, the ability to measure DVA at near and far viewing distances may also lead to tests that will independently assess canal and otolith function.Objective To present and test a methodology that uses dynamic visual acuity (DVA) to assess the efficacy of compensatory gaze mechanisms during a functionally relevant activity that differentially measures canal and otolith function.Material and methods The effect of treadmill walking at a velocity of 1.79 m/s on subjects’ visual acuity was assessed at each of two viewing distances. A custom-written threshold determination program was used to display Landolt C optotypes on a laptop computer screen during a “far” (4 m) target condition and on a micro-display for a “near” (50 cm) target condition. The walking acuity scores for each target distance were normalized by subtracting a corresponding acuity measure obtained while standing still on the treadmill belt.Results As predicted by subjective reports of relative target motion, the decrease in visual acuity was significantly greater (p<0.00001) for the near compared to the far condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Oto-Laryngologica is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISUAL acuity
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - VISION
KW  - TREADMILLS (Exercise equipment)
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - WALKING
KW  - REHABILITATION
KW  - Canal function
KW  - compensatory gaze mechanisms
KW  - dynamic visual acuity
KW  - otolith function
KW  - target distance
N1  - Accession Number: 16669965; Peters, Brian 1; Email Address: bpeters@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Bloomberg, Jacob 2; Affiliation:  1: Neuroscience Laboratory Wyle Laboratories Houston Texas USA  2: Neuroscience Laboratory National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center Houston Texas USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 125 Issue 4, p353; Subject Term: VISUAL acuity; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: VISION; Subject Term: TREADMILLS (Exercise equipment); Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: WALKING; Subject Term: REHABILITATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canal function; Author-Supplied Keyword: compensatory gaze mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic visual acuity; Author-Supplied Keyword: otolith function; Author-Supplied Keyword: target distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00016480410024631
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balakumar, P.
AU  - Hongwu Zhao
AU  - Atkins, Harold
T1  - Stability of Hypersonic Boundary Layers over a Compression Corner.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 760
EP  - 767
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The stability of hypersonic boundary layers over a compression corner is investigated numerically. To compute the shock and the interaction of the shock with the instability waves, the simulation solves the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations using a high-order, weighted, essentially nonoscillatory shock-capturing scheme. After computing the mean flowfield, the procedure then superimposes two-dimensional unsteady disturbances at the inflow and computes the evolution of these disturbances in downstream direction, Because of the interaction of the shock with the boundary layer, a separation bubble forms at the corner, and two compression waves form near the separation and reattachment points. These compression waves merge farther away from the boundary layer to form a shock. The investigation of the evolution of the second mode shows three distinct regions. One is upstream of the separation bubble where the disturbances grow in agreement with the linear theory of similarity boundary layers. The second region is the separation bubble region where the disturbances remain neutral. These disturbances reside above the separation bubble and do not penetrate the separated region. The third region is downstream of the separation bubble where the disturbances again grow exponentially as in boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16760937; Balakumar, P. 1 Hongwu Zhao 2 Atkins, Harold 3; Affiliation:  1: Flow Physics and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  3: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p760; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linfa Zhu
AU  - Heung Soo Kim
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Improved Transverse Shear Calculations for Rate-Dependent Analyses of Polymer Matrix Composites.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 895
EP  - 905
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A numerical procedure has been developed to investigate the nonlinear and strain-rate-dependent deformation response of polymer matrix composite laminated plates under high strain-rate impact loadings. A recently developed strength of materials based micromechanics mode!, incorporating a set of nonlinear, strain-rate-dependent constitutive equations for the polymer matrix, is extended to account for the transverse shear effects during impact. Four different assumptions of transverse shear deformation are investigated to improve the developed strain-rate-dependent micromechanics model. The validities of these assumptions are investigated using numerical and theoretical approaches. A method to determine through the thickness strain and transverse Poisson's ratio of the composite is developed. The revised micromechanics model is then implemented into a higher-order laminated plate theory that is modified to include the effects of inelastic strains. Parametric studies are conducted to investigate the mechanical response of composite plates under high strain-rate loadings. Results show that the transverse shear stresses cannot be neglected in the impact problem. A significant level of strain-rate dependency and material nonlinearity is found in the deformation response of representative composite specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 16760950; Linfa Zhu 1 Heung Soo Kim 1 Chattopadhyay, Aditi 1 Goldberg, Robert K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6106  2: Life Prediction Branch, Structures Division, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p895; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malik, Mujeeb R.
T1  - Theory and Computation in Hydrodynamic Stability.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 924
EP  - 925
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Reviews the book "Theory and Computation in Hydrodynamic Stability," by W. O. Criminale, T. L. Jackson and R. D. Joslin.
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - CRIMINALE, W. O.
KW  - JACKSON, T. L.
KW  - JOSLIN, R. D.
KW  - THEORY & Computation in Hydrodynamic Stability (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 16760955; Malik, Mujeeb R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p924; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: THEORY & Computation in Hydrodynamic Stability (Book); People: CRIMINALE, W. O.; People: JACKSON, T. L.; People: JOSLIN, R. D.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Raleigh, Christopher
AU  - New, Michael H.
AU  - Henson, Joan
T1  - Effects of Artificial Defoliation of Pines on the Structure and Physiology of the Soil Fungal Community of a Mixed Pine-Spruce Forest.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 71
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1996
EP  - 2000
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Loss of photosynthetic area can affect soil microbial communities by altering the availability of fixed carbon. We used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and Biolog filamentous-fungus plates to determine the effects of artificial defoliation of pines in a mixed pine-spruce forest on the composition of the fungal community in a forest soil. As measured by DGGE, two fungal species were affected significantly by the defoliation of pines (P < 0.001); the frequency of members of the ectomyeorrhizal fungus genus Cenococcum decreased significantly, while the frequency of organisms of an unidentified soil fungus increased. The decrease in the amount of Cenococcum organisms may have occurred because of the formation of extensive hyphal networks by species of this genus, which require more of the carbon fixed by their host, or because this fungus is dependent upon quantitative differences in spruce root exudates. The defoliation of pines did not affect the overall composition of the soil fungal community or fungal-species richness (number of species per core). Biolog filamentous-fungus plate assays indicated a significant increase (P < 0.001) in the number of carbon substrutes utilized by the soil fungi and the rate at which these substrates were used, which could indicate an increase in fungal-species richness. Thus, either small changes in the soil fungal community give rise to significant increases in physiological capabilities or PCR bias limits the reliability of the DGGE results. These data indicate that combined genetic and physiological assessments of the soil fungal community are needed to accurately assess the effect of disturbance on indigenous microbial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - SOILS
KW  - CARBON
KW  - DENATURING gradient gel electrophoresis
KW  - ELECTROPHORESIS
KW  - DEFOLIATION
N1  - Accession Number: 16880242; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: kcullings@mail.arc.nasa.gov Raleigh, Christopher 1 New, Michael H. 2 Henson, Joan 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington, D.C.  3: Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 71 Issue 4, p1996; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: DENATURING gradient gel electrophoresis; Subject Term: ELECTROPHORESIS; Subject Term: DEFOLIATION; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.71.4.1996-2000.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thierry-Palmer, Myrtle
AU  - Cephas, Stacy
AU  - Sayavongsa, Phouyong
AU  - Doherty, Akins
AU  - Arnaud, Sara B.
T1  - Dahl salt-sensitive rats develop hypovitaminosis D and hyperparathyroidism when fed a standard diet
JO  - BONE
JF  - BONE
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 645
EP  - 653
SN  - 87563282
AB  - Abstract: The Dahl salt-sensitive rat (S), a model for salt-sensitive hypertension, excretes protein-bound 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) into urine when fed a low salt diet. Urinary 25-OHD increases during high salt intake. We tested the hypothesis that continuous loss of 25-OHD into urine would result in low plasma 25-OHD concentration in mature S rats raised on a standard diet. Dahl S and salt-resistant (R) male rats were raised to maturity (12-month-old) on a commercial rat diet (1% salt) and switched to 0.3% (low) or 2% (high) salt diets 3 weeks before euthanasia. Urine (24 h) was collected at the end of the dietary treatments. Urinary 25-OHD and urinary 25-OHD binding activity of S rats were three times that of R rats, resulting in lower plasma 25-OHD and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations in S rats than in R rats (P &#60; 0.001). Plasma parathyroid hormone concentrations of S rats were twice that of R rats. S rats fed 2% salt had higher plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations than those fed 0.3% salt (P = 0.002). S rats excreted more calcium into urine than R rats (P &#60; 0.001) and did not exhibit the expected calciuric response to salt. Proteinuria of the S rats was three times that of the R rats, suggesting kidney damage in the S rats. Low plasma 25-OHD and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and high plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTH concentrations seen in the mature S rats have also been reported for elderly patients with low-renin (salt-induced) hypertension. An implication of this study is that low vitamin D status may occur with age in salt-sensitive individuals, even when salt intake is normal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of BONE is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
KW  - RATS
KW  - HYPERTENSION
KW  - URINE
KW  - PARATHYROID hormone
KW  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D
KW  - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
KW  - Aging
KW  - Parathyroid hormone
KW  - Sodium
N1  - Accession Number: 17698329; Thierry-Palmer, Myrtle 1; Email Address: mthierry-palmer@msm.edu Cephas, Stacy 1 Sayavongsa, Phouyong 1 Doherty, Akins 1 Arnaud, Sara B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biochemistry, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA 30310-1495, USA  2: Life Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p645; Subject Term: HYPERPARATHYROIDISM; Subject Term: RATS; Subject Term: HYPERTENSION; Subject Term: URINE; Subject Term: PARATHYROID hormone; Author-Supplied Keyword: 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D; Author-Supplied Keyword: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parathyroid hormone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sodium; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bone.2005.01.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kradinov, V.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Bolted lap joints of laminates with varying thickness and metallic inserts
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 68
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 85
SN  - 02638223
AB  - An analysis method to determine the bolt load distribution in single- and double-lap joints is presented. The joints are made of laminates in which the bolt holes are reinforced with metallic inserts and the laminates may have variable thickness and lay-up. The solution method based on the combined complex potential and variational formulation satisfies the equilibrium equations exactly, and the boundary conditions and constraints are satisfied by minimizing the total potential. Under general loading conditions, this method is applied to multiple bolt configurations without requiring symmetry conditions while explicitly accounting for the contact phenomenon and the interaction among the bolts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - Bolt
KW  - Inserts
KW  - Laminate
KW  - Lap joints
KW  - Virtual work
N1  - Accession Number: 15838087; Kradinov, V. 1 Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Ambur, D.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1130 N. Mountain Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 68 Issue 1, p75; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bolt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inserts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lap joints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual work; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2004.03.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=15838087&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delozier, D.M.
AU  - Watson, K.A.
AU  - Smith, J.G.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
T1  - Preparation and characterization of space durable polymer nanocomposite films
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 65
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 749
EP  - 755
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: Low color, flexible, space durable polyimide films with inherent, robust electrical conductivity have been under investigation as part of a continuing materials development activity for future NASA space missions involving Gossamer structures. Electrical conductivity is needed in these films to mitigate electrostatic charge build-up caused by charged species present in the orbital environment. One method of imparting conductivity is through the use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNTs were dispersed in space durable polyimide films in the bulk using a solution technique and on the surface using a spray coating technique. The resultant nanocomposite films were evaluated for electrical conductivity, mechanical, and optical properties. The results of this study will be presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FILMSTRIPS
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 16134993; Delozier, D.M. 1 Watson, K.A. 2 Smith, J.G. 3 Connell, J.W. 3; Email Address: j.w.connell@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Research Council, NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Mailstop 226, 6A West Taylor Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace Research, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 65 Issue 5, p749; Subject Term: FILMSTRIPS; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.10.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jolly, William M.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Running, Steven W.
T1  - A generalized, bioclimatic index to predict foliar phenology in response to climate.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 619
EP  - 632
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - The phenological state of vegetation significantly affects exchanges of heat, mass, and momentum between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere. Although current patterns can be estimated from satellites, we lack the ability to predict future trends in response to climate change. We searched the literature for a common set of variables that might be combined into an index to quantify the greenness of vegetation throughout the year. We selected as variables: daylength (photoperiod), evaporative demand (vapor pressure deficit), and suboptimal (minimum) temperatures. For each variable we set threshold limits, within which the relative phenological performance of the vegetation was assumed to vary from inactive (0) to unconstrained (1). A combined Growing Season Index (GSI) was derived as the product of the three indices. Ten-day mean GSI values for nine widely dispersed ecosystems showed good agreement (r>0.8) with the satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We also tested the model at a temperate deciduous forest by comparing model estimates with average field observations of leaf flush and leaf coloration. The mean absolute error of predictions at this site was 3 days for average leaf flush dates and 2 days for leaf coloration dates. Finally, we used this model to produce a global map that distinguishes major differences in regional phenological controls. The model appears sufficiently robust to reconstruct historical variation as well as to forecast future phenological responses to changing climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - VEGETATION dynamics
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - PHENOLOGY
KW  - climate change
KW  - global
KW  - minimum temperature
KW  - model
KW  - phenology
KW  - photoperiod
KW  - vapor pressure deficit
N1  - Accession Number: 16646766; Jolly, William M. 1; Email Address: mattj@ntsg.umt.edu Nemani, Ramakrishna 2 Running, Steven W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NTSG, College of Forestry and Conservation, SC428, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA.  2: NASA AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p619; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: PHENOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: global; Author-Supplied Keyword: minimum temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; Author-Supplied Keyword: phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: photoperiod; Author-Supplied Keyword: vapor pressure deficit; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00930.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16646766&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Haag, M. Uujt
AU  - Sayre, J.
AU  - Campbell, J.
AU  - Young, S. D.
AU  - Gray, R. A.
T1  - Terrain Database Integrity Monitoring for Synthetic Vision Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 386
EP  - 406
SN  - 00189251
AB  - A real-time terrain database integrity monitor for synthetic vision systems (SVS) that are to be used in civil aviation is presented. SVS provides pilots with advanced display technology including terrain information as well as other information about the external environment such as obstacles and traffic. The use of SVS to support strategic and tactical decision-making and the compelling nature of the terrain depiction may require terrain database server certification at the essential and flight-critical levels. SVS and terrain database characteristics are discussed and a failure model is identified. Real-time integrity monitors are proposed that check the consistency between terrain profiles described by the database and terrain profiles that are sensed in flight by either a downward-looking (DWL) sensor or a forward-looking (FWL) sensor. A DWL sensor scheme is discussed in detail and it is shown that this scheme can provide the necessary integrity required for an essential certification of a terrain database server. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
N1  - Accession Number: 17521825; de Haag, M. Uujt 1; Email Address: uijtdeha@ohio.edu Sayre, J. 1 Campbell, J. 1 Young, S. D. 2; Email Address: steven.d.young@nasa.gov Gray, R. A. 3; Email Address: rxg31@psu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Ohio University.  2: NASA Langley Research Center.  3: Pennsylvania State University.; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p386; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - Govindan, T. R.
T1  - Wave Currents in a Helicon Plasma Source-Model Results.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2005/04//Apr2005 Part 1 of 3
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 374
EP  - 375
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The propagation of wave components of plasma current in a helicon source is shown. The simulation results are obtained by self-consistently solving the wave equations with the discharge balance equations in a two-dimensional axisymmetric plasma reactor. The space charge wave is also included to model the Trivelpiece-Gould wave mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA waves
KW  - HELICON
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - WAVE equation
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - PLASMA dynamics
KW  - Helicon plasma
KW  - plasma sources
KW  - radio frequency (RF) plasma.
N1  - Accession Number: 17939333; Bose, Deepak 1; Email Address: dbose@arc.nasa.gov Govindan, T. R. 1; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Source Info: Apr2005 Part 1 of 3, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p374; Subject Term: PLASMA waves; Subject Term: HELICON; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: WAVE equation; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: PLASMA dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helicon plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma sources; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio frequency (RF) plasma.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2005.845306
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17939333&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remy, Jerome
AU  - Biennier, L.
AU  - Salama, F.
T1  - Plasma in a Pulsed Discharge Environment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2005/04//Apr2005 Part 1 of 3
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 554
EP  - 555
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The plasma generated in a pulsed slit discharge nozzle is used to form molecular ions in an astrophysically relevant environment. The plasma has been characterized as a glow discharge in the abnormal regime. Laboratory studies help understand the formation processes of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) ions that are thought to be the source of the ubiquitous unidentified infrared bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - IONS
KW  - PLASMA astrophysics
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - GLOW discharges
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
KW  - Glow discharge
KW  - plasma
KW  - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
KW  - pulsed discharge nozzle.
N1  - Accession Number: 17939423; Remy, Jerome 1 Biennier, L. 2 Salama, F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Applied Physics Department, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.  2: Laboratoire de Physique des Atomes, Lasers, Molecules et Surfaces (PALMS), Université de Rennes, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA.; Source Info: Apr2005 Part 1 of 3, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p554; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: PLASMA astrophysics; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: GLOW discharges; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glow discharge; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsed discharge nozzle.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2005.845937
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17939423&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jongen, T.
AU  - Gatski, T.B.
T1  - Tensor representations and solutions of constitutive equations for viscoelastic fluids
JO  - International Journal of Engineering Science
JF  - International Journal of Engineering Science
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 43
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 588
SN  - 00207225
AB  - Abstract: An approach is developed using tensor representations to assess and characterize both the transient behavior and equilibrium states of viscoelastic fluid constitutive equations in viscometric flows. The methodology is based on the replacement of the differential constitutive equation for the deviatoric part of the viscoelastic stress tensor by an equivalent and more tractable set of differential equations for the characteristic scalar invariants. In the case of planar flows, this equivalence leads to an explicit, closed-form analytic solution for the time evolution of the extra-stress tensor that is formally expressed as a second-order fluid relation, with time-dependent coefficients. As a validation of the approach, an analysis of the transient and equilibrium system characteristics of fluid flows described by the corotational Jeffreys model and general Oldroyd-type constitutive equations is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOELASTIC materials
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 17812272; Jongen, T. 1; Email Address: tjongen@techspace-acro.be Gatski, T.B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Techspace Aero (Snecma Group), Route de Liers, 121-4041 Herstal, Belgium  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 43 Issue 7, p556; Subject Term: VISCOELASTIC materials; Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2004.10.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17812272&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seevaratnam, G.K.
AU  - Walker, L.M.
AU  - Ramé, E.
AU  - Garoff, S.
T1  - Wetting by simple room-temperature polymer melts: deviations from Newtonian behavior
JO  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
JF  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 284
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 270
SN  - 00219797
AB  - Abstract: The hydrodynamics near moving contact lines of two room-temperature polymer melts, polyisobutylene (PIB) and polystyrene (PS), are different from those of a third polymer melt, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). While all three fluids exhibit Newtonian behavior in rotational rheological measurements, a model of the hydrodynamics near moving contact lines which assumes Newtonian behavior of the fluid accurately describes the interface shape of a variety of PDMS fluids but fails to describe the interface deformation by viscous forces in PIB and PS. The magnitude of the deviations from the model and the distance along the liquid–vapor interface over which they are seen increase with increasing capillary number. We conclude that the wetting behaviors of PIB and PS are influenced by weak elasticity in these low molecular weight melts and that dynamic wetting is more sensitive to this elasticity than standard rheometric techniques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Colloid & Interface Science is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEWTONIAN fluids
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - Contact angle
KW  - Dynamic wetting
KW  - Non-Newtonian
KW  - Polymer melts
N1  - Accession Number: 16673001; Seevaratnam, G.K. 1,2 Walker, L.M. 1,2 Ramé, E. 3 Garoff, S. 2,4; Email Address: sg2e@andrew.cmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  2: Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  3: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Physic, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 284 Issue 1, p265; Subject Term: NEWTONIAN fluids; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic wetting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-Newtonian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer melts; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.09.056
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16673001&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, M.
AU  - Barsi, S.
AU  - Alexander, J.I.D.
AU  - Banish, M.
T1  - Contamination of microgravity liquid diffusivity measurements by void-generated thermocapillary convection
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 276
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 621
EP  - 634
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: This paper examines the effects of thermocapillary convection generated by a void or bubble on the self-diffusion measurement of molten indium in microgravity. The study is based on the thermophysical and geometrical configurations of the self-diffusion in liquid elements (SDLE) microgravity experiment. A transient finite element model of the diffusion capillary is presented. Numerical simulations of the transport processes in the diffusion capillary indicate that the concentration stratification in the enclosure is greatly modified by void-generated convection when small temperature non-uniformities are present in the system. The extent to which this modification can contaminate the diffusion data obtained by the Harned-Codastefano methodology is determined. In order to generalize the findings, results are summarized by relating the extent of the convective contamination of the diffusion data to the thermocapillary Reynolds number of the bubble and the Schmidt number of the system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - A1. Bubbles
KW  - A1. Marangoni convention
KW  - A1. Numerical models
KW  - A1. Self-diffusion measurement
KW  - A1. Thermocapillary flow
KW  - A1. Voids
KW  - A2. Microgravity conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 17548043; Kassemi, M. 1; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@grc.nasa.gov Barsi, S. 2 Alexander, J.I.D. 2 Banish, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, MS110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  3: Center for Microgravity and Materials Research, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 36899, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 276 Issue 3/4, p621; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Bubbles; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Marangoni convention; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Numerical models; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Self-diffusion measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Thermocapillary flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Voids; Author-Supplied Keyword: A2. Microgravity conditions; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2004.11.426
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17548043&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Dan
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
T1  - Aircraft Turbofan Engine Health Estimation Using Constrained Kalman Filtering.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 127
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 328
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Kalman filters are often used to estimate the state variables of a dynamic system. However, in the application of Kalman filters some known signal information is often either ignored or dealt with heuristically. For instance, state-variable constraints (which may be based on physical considerations) are often neglected because they do not fit easily into the structure of the Kalman filter. This paper develops an analytic method of incorporating state-variable inequality constraints in the Kalman filter. The resultant filter is a combination of a standard Kalman filter and a quadratic programming problem. The incorporation of state-variable constraints increases the computational effort of the filter but significantly improves its estimation accuracy. The improvement is proven theoretically and shown via simulation results obtained from application to a turbofan engine model. This model contains 16 state variables, 12 measurements, and 8 component health parameters. It is shown that the new algorithms provide improved performance in this example over unconstrained Kalman filtering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - NONLINEAR programming
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - QUADRATIC programming
N1  - Accession Number: 17015824; Simon, Dan 1; Email Address: d.j.simon@csuohio.edu Simon, Donald L. 2; Email Address: donald.l.simon@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Electrical Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115  2: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44138; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 127 Issue 2, p323; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: NONLINEAR programming; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: QUADRATIC programming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1789153
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Provenza, Andrew J.
AU  - Montague, Gerald T.
AU  - Jansen, Mark J.
AU  - Palazzolo, Alan B.
AU  - Jansen, Ralph H.
T1  - High Temperature Characterization of a Radial Magnetic Bearing for Turbomachinery.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 127
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 444
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Open loop, experimental force and power measurements of a radial, redundant-axis, magnetic bearing at temperatures to 1000°F (538°C) and rotor speeds to 15,000 rpm along with theoretical temperature and force models are presented in this paper. The experimentally measured force produced by a single C-core circuit using 22A was 600 lb (2.67 kN) at room temperature and 380 lb (1.69 kN) at 538°C. These values were compared with force predictions based on a one-dimensional magnetic circuit analysis and a thermal analysis of gap growth as a function of temperature. The analysis showed that the reduction of force at high temperature is mostly due to an increase in radial gap due to test conditions, rather than to reduced core permeability. Tests under rotating conditions showed that rotor speed has a negligible effect on the bearing's static force capacity. One C-core required approximately 340 W of power to generate 190 lb (845 N) of magnetic force at 538°C, however the magnetic air gap was much larger than at room temperature. The data presented are after bearing operation for eleven total hours at 538°C and six thermal cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - ANALYTICAL chemistry
KW  - HEAT
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - MAGNETIC bearings
N1  - Accession Number: 17015838; Provenza, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: andrew.j.provenza@nasa.gov Montague, Gerald T. 2; Email Address: gerald.t.montague@nasa.gov Jansen, Mark J. 3; Email Address: mark.j.jansen@nasa.gov Palazzolo, Alan B. 4; Email Address: a-palazzolo@tamu.edu Jansen, Ralph H. 3; Email Address: ralph.h.jansen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191  2: Army Research Lab, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 127 Issue 2, p437; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: HEAT; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bearings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1807413
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
AU  - Johnston, James C.
T1  - On the Limits of Advance Preparation for a Task Switch: Do People Prepare All the Task Some of the Time or Some of the Task All the Time?
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 315
SN  - 00961523
AB  - This study investigated the nature of advance preparation for a task switch, testing 2 key assumptions of R. De Jong's (2000) failure-to-engage theory: (a) Task-switch preparation is all-or-none, and (b) preparation failures stem from nonutilization of available control capabilities. In 3 experiments, switch costs varied dramatically across individual stimulus-response (S-R) pairs of the tasks--virtually absent for 1 pair but large for others. These findings indicate that, across trials, task preparation was not all-or-none but, rather, consistently partial (full preparation for some S-R pairs but not others). In other words, people do not prepare all of the task some of the time, they prepare some of the task all of the time. Experiments 2 and 3 produced substantial switch costs even though time deadlines provided strong incentives for optimal advance preparation. Thus, there was no evidence that people have a latent capability to fully prepare for a task switch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL psychology
KW  - EVIDENCE
KW  - TASKS
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - DEADLINES
KW  - TIME management
N1  - Accession Number: 16720387; Lien, Mei-Ching 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu Ruthruff, Eric 2 Remington, Roger W. 2 Johnston, James C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Oregon State University.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center.; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 31 Issue 2, p299; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL psychology; Subject Term: EVIDENCE; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: TASK performance; Subject Term: DEADLINES; Subject Term: TIME management; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0096-1523.31.2.299
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, S. R.
AU  - Nemeth, N. N.
AU  - Gyekenyesi, J. P.
T1  - Slow crack growth of brittle materials with exponential crack-velocity formulation-static fatigue.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 40
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1647
EP  - 1654
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The life prediction analysis based on an exponential crack-velocity formulation was made and examined using a variety of experimental data on advanced structural ceramics in constant stress (‘static fatigue’ or ‘stress rupture’) testing at ambient and elevated temperatures. The data fit to the relation between ln (time to failure) versusapplied stresswas be very reasonable for most of the materials studied, resulting in a similar degree of accuracy as compared with the power-law crack-velocity formulation. The major limitation in the exponential crack-velocity formulation, however, was that the inert strength of a material must be knownpriorito evaluate the important slow-crack-growth (SCG) parametern, a drawback as compared with the conventional power-law crack-velocity formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUILDING materials
KW  - POTTERY
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - STATICS
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16525985; Choi, S. R. 1; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Nemeth, N. N. 1 Gyekenyesi, J. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p1647; Subject Term: BUILDING materials; Subject Term: POTTERY; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416310 General-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414310 China, glassware, crockery and pottery merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 442298 All other home furnishings stores; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-005-0665-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, M.J.
AU  - Aftosmis, M.J.
AU  - Marshall, D.D.
AU  - Murman, S.M.
T1  - Performance of a new CFD flow solver using a hybrid programming paradigm
JO  - Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing
JF  - Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 65
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 423
SN  - 07437315
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents several algorithmic innovations and a hybrid programming style that lead to highly scalable performance using shared memory for a new computational fluid dynamics flow solver. This hybrid model is then converted to a strict message-passing implementation, and performance results for the two are compared. Results show that using this hybrid approach our OpenMP implementation is actually marginally faster than the MPI version, with parallel speedups of up to 599 out of 640 using OpenMP and 486 with MPI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers)
KW  - PARALLEL programming (Computer science)
KW  - Message passing
KW  - Parallel programming
KW  - Shared address space
KW  - Space-filling curves
N1  - Accession Number: 17575988; Berger, M.J. 1,2; Email Address: berger@nas.nasa.gov Aftosmis, M.J. 2 Marshall, D.D. 3 Murman, S.M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Courant Institute, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  4: ELORET, MS T27B, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 65 Issue 4, p414; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers); Subject Term: PARALLEL programming (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: Message passing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shared address space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space-filling curves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpdc.2004.11.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith Jr., W. L.
AU  - Charlock, T. P.
AU  - Kahn, R.
AU  - Martins, J. V.
AU  - Remer, L. A.
AU  - Hobbs, P. V.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Rutledge, C. K.
T1  - EOS Terra Aerosol and Radiative Flux Validation: An Overview of the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) Experiment.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 903
EP  - 918
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - NASA developed an Earth Observing System (EOS) to study global change and reduce uncertainties associated with aerosols and other key parameters controlling climate. The first EOS satellite, Terra, was launched in December 1999. The Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) field campaign was conducted from 10 July to 2 August 2001 to validate several Terra data products, including aerosol properties and radiative flux profiles derived from three complementary Terra instruments: the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). CERES, MISR, and MODIS are being used to investigate the critical role aerosols play in modulating the radiative heat budget of the earth–atmosphere system. CLAMS’ primary objectives are to improve understanding of atmospheric aerosols, to validate and improve the satellite data products, and to test new instruments and measurement concepts. A variety of in situ sampling devices and passive remote sensing instruments were flown on six aircraft to characterize the state of the atmosphere, the composition of atmospheric aerosols, and the associated surface and atmospheric radiation parameters over the U.S. eastern seaboard. Aerosol particulate matter was measured at two ground stations established at Wallops Island, Virginia, and the Chesapeake Lighthouse, the site of an ongoing CERES Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE) where well-calibrated radiative fluxes and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol properties have been measured since 1999. Nine coordinated aircraft missions and numerous additional sorties were flown under a variety of atmospheric conditions and aerosol loadings. On one “golden day” (17 July 2001), under moderately polluted conditions with midvisible optical depths near 0.5, all six aircraft flew coordinated patterns vertically stacked between 100 and 65 000 ft over the COVE site as Terra flew overhead. This overview presents a description of CLAMS objectives, measurements, and sampling strategies. Key results, reported in greater detail in the collection of papers found in this special issue, are also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 16878583; Smith Jr., W. L. 1; Email Address: william.l.smith@nasa.gov Charlock, T. P. 1 Kahn, R. 2 Martins, J. V. 3,4 Remer, L. A. 3 Hobbs, P. V. 5 Redemann, J. 6 Rutledge, C. K. 7; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  3: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California  7: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p903; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levy, R. C.
AU  - Remer, L. A.
AU  - Martins, J. V.
AU  - Kaufman, Y. J.
AU  - Plana-Fattori, A.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Wenny, B.
T1  - Evaluation of the MODIS Aerosol Retrievals over Ocean and Land during CLAMS.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 974
EP  - 992
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The Chesapeake Lighthouse Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) experiment took place from 10 July to 2 August 2001 in a combined ocean–land region that included the Chesapeake Lighthouse [Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE)] and the Wallops Flight Facility (WFF), both along coastal Virginia. This experiment was designed mainly for validating instruments and algorithms aboard the Terra satellite platform, including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Over the ocean, MODIS retrieved aerosol optical depths (AODs) at seven wavelengths and an estimate of the aerosol size distribution. Over the land, MODIS retrieved AOD at three wavelengths plus qualitative estimates of the aerosol size. Temporally coincident measurements of aerosol properties were made with a variety of sun photometers from ground sites and airborne sites just above the surface. The set of sun photometers provided unprecedented spectral coverage from visible (VIS) to the solar near-infrared (NIR) and infrared (IR) wavelengths. In this study, AOD and aerosol size retrieved from MODIS is compared with similar measurements from the sun photometers. Over the nearby ocean, the MODIS AOD in the VIS and NIR correlated well with sun-photometer measurements, nearly fitting a one-to-one line on a scatterplot. As one moves from ocean to land, there is a pronounced discontinuity of the MODIS AOD, where MODIS compares poorly to the sun-photometer measurements. Especially in the blue wavelength, MODIS AOD is too high in clean aerosol conditions and too low under larger aerosol loadings. Using the Second Simulation of the Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum (6S) radiative code to perform atmospheric correction, the authors find inconsistency in the surface albedo assumptions used by the MODIS lookup tables. It is demonstrated how the high bias at low aerosol loadings can be corrected. By using updated urban/industrial aerosol climatology for the MODIS lookup table over land, it is shown that the low bias for larger aerosol loadings can also be corrected. Understanding and improving MODIS retrievals over the East Coast may point to strategies for correction in other locations, thus improving the global quality of MODIS. Improvements in regional aerosol detection could also lead to the use of MODIS for monitoring air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 16878579; Levy, R. C. 1,2,3; Email Address: levy@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov Remer, L. A. 1 Martins, J. V. 1,4 Kaufman, Y. J. 1 Plana-Fattori, A. 5,6 Redemann, J. 7 Wenny, B. 8; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland  3: Department of Meteorology, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  5: GEST, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  6: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil  7: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  8: SAIC, and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p974; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Eilers, J. A.
AU  - Kahn, R.
AU  - Levy, R. C.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Hobbs, P. V.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
T1  - Suborbital Measurements of Spectral Aerosol Optical Depth and Its Variability at Subsatellite Grid Scales in Support of CLAMS 2001.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 993
EP  - 1007
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - As part of the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) experiment, 10 July–2 August 2001, off the central East Coast of the United States, the 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) was operated aboard the University of Washington’s Convair 580 (CV-580) research aircraft during 10 flights (∼45 flight hours). One of the main research goals in CLAMS was the validation of satellite-based retrievals of aerosol properties. The goal of this study in particular was to perform true over-ocean validations (rather than over-ocean validation with ground-based, coastal sites) at finer spatial scales and extending to longer wavelengths than those considered in previous studies. Comparisons of aerosol optical depth (AOD) between the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Cimel instrument at the Chesapeake Lighthouse and airborne measurements by AATS-14 in its vicinity showed good agreement with the largest r-square correlation coefficients at wavelengths of 0.38 and 0.5 μm (>0.99). Coordinated low-level flight tracks of the CV-580 during Terra overpass times permitted validation of over-ocean Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level 2 (MOD04_L2) multiwavelength AOD data (10 km × 10 km, nadir) in 16 cases on three separate days. While the correlation between AATS-14- and MODIS-derived AOD was weak with an r square of 0.55, almost 75% of all MODIS AOD measurements fell within the prelaunch estimated uncertainty range Δτ = ±0.03 ± 0.05τ. This weak correlation may be due to the small AODs (generally less than 0.1 at 0.5 μm) encountered in these comparison cases. An analogous coordination exercise resulted in seven coincident over-ocean matchups between AATS-14 and Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) measurements. The comparison between AATS-14 and the MISR standard algorithm regional mean AODs showed a stronger correlation with an r square of 0.94. However, MISR AODs were systematically larger than the corresponding AATS values, with an rms difference of ∼0.06. AATS data collected during nine extended low-level CV-580 flight tracks were used to assess the spatial variability in AOD at horizontal scales up to 100 km. At UV and midvisible wavelengths, the largest absolute gradients in AOD were 0.1–0.2 per 50-km horizontal distance. In the near-IR, analogous gradients rarely reached 0.05. On any given day, the relative gradients in AOD were remarkably similar for all wavelengths, with maximum values of 70% (50 km)-1 and more typical values of 25% (50 km)-1. The implications of these unique measurements of AOD spatial variability for common validation practices of satellite data products and for comparisons to large-scale aerosol models are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - RESEARCH aircraft
KW  - AIRPLANES
N1  - Accession Number: 16878578; Redemann, J. 1,2; Email Address: jredemann@mail.arc.nasa.gov Schmid, B. 1 Eilers, J. A. 2 Kahn, R. 3 Levy, R. C. 4,5 Russell, P. B. 2 Livingston, J. M. 6 Hobbs, P. V. 7 Smith, W. L. 8 Holben, B. N. 4; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  5: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Lanham, Maryland  6: SRI International, Menlo Park, California  7: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p993; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH aircraft; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ignatov, Alexander
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce
AU  - Miller, Walter
AU  - Sunny Sun-Mack
AU  - Tanré, Didier
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Laszlo, Istvan
AU  - Geier, Erika
T1  - Two MODIS Aerosol Products over Ocean on the Terra and Aqua CERES SSF Datasets.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1008
EP  - 1031
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Understanding the impact of aerosols on the earth’s radiation budget and the long-term climate record requires consistent measurements of aerosol properties and radiative fluxes. The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Science Team combines satellite-based retrievals of aerosols, clouds, and radiative fluxes into Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) datasets from the Terra and Aqua satellites. Over ocean, two aerosol products are derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) using different sampling and aerosol algorithms. The primary, or M, product is taken from the standard multispectral aerosol product developed by the MODIS aerosol group while a simpler, secondary [Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) like], or A, product is derived by the CERES Science Team using a different cloud clearing method and a single-channel aerosol algorithm. Two aerosol optical depths (AOD), τA1 and τA2, are derived from MODIS bands 1 (0.644 μm) and 6 (1.632 μm) resembling the AVHRR/3 channels 1 and 3A, respectively. On Aqua the retrievals are made in band 7 (2.119 μm) because of poor quality data from band 6. The respective Ångström exponents can be derived from the values of τ. The A product serves as a backup for the M product. More importantly, the overlap of these aerosol products is essential for placing the 20+ year heritage AVHRR aerosol record in the context of more advanced aerosol sensors and algorithms such as that used for the M product. This study documents the M and A products, highlighting their CERES SSF specifics. Based on 2 weeks of global Terra data, coincident M and A AODs are found to be strongly correlated in both bands. However, both domains in which the M and A aerosols are available, and the respective τ/α statistics significantly differ because of discrepancies in sampling due to differences in cloud and sun-glint screening. In both aerosol products, correlation is observed between the retrieved aerosol parameters (τ/α) and ambient cloud amount, with the dependence in the M product being more pronounced than in the A product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - RADIOMETERS
N1  - Accession Number: 16878598; Ignatov, Alexander 1; Email Address: Alex.Ignatov@noaa.gov Minnis, Patrick 2 Loeb, Norman 3 Wielicki, Bruce 2 Miller, Walter 4 Sunny Sun-Mack 4 Tanré, Didier 5 Remer, Lorraine 6 Laszlo, Istvan 1 Geier, Erika 2; Affiliation:  1: NOAA/NESDIS/Office of Research and Applications, Camp Springs, Maryland  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  4: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  5: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmospherique, Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villenueve d'Asq, France  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1008; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kahn, Ralph
AU  - Wen-Hao Li
AU  - Martonchik, John V.
AU  - Bruegge, Carol J.
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Gaitley, Barbara J.
AU  - Abdou, Wedad
AU  - Dubovik, Oleg
AU  - Holben, Brent
AU  - Smirnov, Alexander
AU  - Zhonghai Jin
AU  - Clark, Dennis
T1  - MISR Calibration and Implications for Low-Light-Level Aerosol Retrieval over Dark Water.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1032
EP  - 1052
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Studying aerosols over ocean is one goal of the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and other spaceborne imaging systems. But top-of-atmosphere equivalent reflectance typically falls in the range of 0.03 to 0.12 at midvisible wavelengths and can be below 0.01 in the near-infrared, when an optically thin aerosol layer is viewed over a dark ocean surface. Special attention must be given to radiometric calibration if aerosol optical thickness, and any information about particle microphysical properties, are to be reliably retrieved from such observations. MISR low-light-level vicarious calibration is performed in the vicinity of remote islands hosting Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sun- and sky-scanning radiometers, under low aerosol loading, low wind speed, relatively cloud free conditions. MISR equivalent reflectance is compared with values calculated from a radiative transfer model constrained by coincident, AERONET-retrieved aerosol spectral optical thickness, size distribution, and single scattering albedo, along with in situ wind measurements. Where the nadir view is not in sun glint, MISR equivalent reflectance is also compared with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) reflectance. The authors push the limits of the vicarious calibration method’s accuracy, aiming to assess absolute, camera-to-camera, and band-to-band radiometry. Patterns repeated over many well-constrained cases lend confidence to the results, at a few percent accuracy, as do additional vicarious calibration tests performed with multiplatform observations taken during the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) campaign. Conclusions are strongest in the red and green bands, but are too uncertain to accept for the near-infrared. MISR nadir-view and MODIS low-light-level absolute reflectances differ by about 4% in the blue and green bands, with MISR reporting higher values. In the red, MISR agrees with MODIS band 14 to better than 2%, whereas MODIS band 1 is significantly lower. Compared to the AERONET-constrained model, the MISR aft-viewing cameras report reflectances too high by several percent in the blue, green, and possibly the red. Better agreement is found in the nadir- and the forward-viewing cameras, especially in the blue and green. When implemented on a trial basis, calibration adjustments indicated by this work remove 40% of a 0.05 bias in retrieved midvisible aerosol optical depth over dark water scenes, produced by the early postlaunch MISR algorithm. A band-to-band correction has already been made to the MISR products, and the remaining calibration adjustments, totaling no more than a few percent, are planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - SOLAR radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 16878597; Kahn, Ralph 1; Email Address: Ralph.Kahn@jpl.nasa.gov Wen-Hao Li 1 Martonchik, John V. 1 Bruegge, Carol J. 1 Diner, David J. 1 Gaitley, Barbara J. 1 Abdou, Wedad 1 Dubovik, Oleg 2 Holben, Brent 2 Smirnov, Alexander 2 Zhonghai Jin 3 Clark, Dennis 4; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia  4: NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, Maryland; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1032; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhonghai Jin
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
AU  - Rutledge, Ken
AU  - Cota, Glenn
AU  - Kahn, Ralph
AU  - Redemann, Jens
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Rutan, David A.
AU  - Rose, Fred
T1  - Radiative Transfer Modeling for the CLAMS Experiment.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1053
EP  - 1071
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Spectral and broadband radiances and irradiances (fluxes) were measured from surface, airborne, and spaceborne platforms in the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) campaign. The radiation data obtained on the 4 clear days over ocean during CLAMS are analyzed here with the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Radiative Transfer (COART) model. The model is successively compared with observations of broadband fluxes and albedos near the ocean surface from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE) sea platform and a low-level OV-10 aircraft, of near-surface spectral albedos from COVE and OV-10, of broadband radiances at multiple angles and inferred top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from CERES, and of spectral radiances at multiple angles from Airborne Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), or “AirMISR,” at 20-km altidude. The radiation measurements from different platforms are shown to be consistent with each other and with model results. The discrepancies between the model and observations at the surface are less than 10 W m-2 for downwelling and 2 W m-2 for upwelling fluxes. The model–observation discrepancies for shortwave ocean albedo are less than 8%; some discrepancies in spectral albedo are larger but less than 20%. The discrepancies between low-altitude aircraft and surface measurements are somewhat larger than those between the model and the surface measurements; the former are due to the effects of differences in height, aircraft pitch and roll, and the noise of spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric and oceanic properties. The discrepancy between the model and the CERES observations for the upwelling radiance is 5.9% for all angles; this is reduced to 4.9% if observations within 15° of the sun-glint angle are excluded. The measurements and model agree on the principal impacts that ocean optical properties have on upwelling radiation at low levels in the atmosphere. Wind-driven surface roughness significantly affects the upwelling radiances measured by aircraft and satellites at small sun-glint angles, especially in the near-infrared channel of MISR. Intercomparisons of various measurements and the model show that most of the radiation observations in CLAMS are robust, and that the coupled radiative transfer model used here accurately treats scattering and absorption processes in both the air and the water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements
KW  - SOLAR radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 16878596; Zhonghai Jin 1; Email Address: z.jin@larc.nasa.gov Charlock, Thomas P. 2 Rutledge, Ken 3 Cota, Glenn 3 Kahn, Ralph 4 Redemann, Jens 5 Taiping Zhang 1 Rutan, David A. 1 Rose, Fred 1; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1053; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gatebe, Charles K.
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Arnold, G. Thomas
AU  - Redemann, Jens
T1  - Airborne Spectral Measurements of Ocean Directional Reflectance.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1092
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The Cloud Absorption Radiometer (CAR) was flown aboard the University of Washington Convair 580 (CV-580) research aircraft during the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) field campaign and obtained measurements of bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the ocean in July and August 2001 under different illumination conditions with solar zenith angles ranging from 15° to 46°. The BRDF measurements were accompanied by concurrent measurements of atmospheric aerosol optical thickness and column water vapor above the airplane. The method of spherical harmonics with Cox–Munk wave-slope distribution is used in a new algorithm developed for this study to solve the atmosphere–ocean radiative transfer problem and to remove the effects of the atmosphere from airborne measurements. The algorithm retrieves simultaneously the wind speed and full ocean BRDF (sun’s glitter and water-leaving radiance) from CAR measurements and evaluates total albedo and equivalent albedo for the water-leaving radiance outside the glitter. Results show good overall agreement with other measurements and theoretical simulations, with the anisotropy of the water-leaving radiance clearly seen. However, the water-leaving radiance does not show a strong dependence on solar zenith angle as suggested by some theoretical studies. The spectral albedo was found to vary from 4.1%–5.1% at λ = 0.472 μm to 2.4%–3.5% for λ ≥ 0.682 μm. The equivalent water-leaving albedo ranges from 1.0%–2.4% at λ = 0.472 μm to 0.1%–0.6% for λ = 0.682 μm and 0.1%–0.3% for λ = 0.870 μm. Results of the validation of the Cox–Munk model under the conditions measured show that although the model reproduces the shape of sun’s glitter on average with an accuracy of better than 30%, it underestimates the center of the sun’s glitter reflectance by about 30% for low wind speeds (<2–3 m s-1). In cases of high wind speed, the model with Gram–Charlier expansion seems to provide the best fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - RESEARCH aircraft
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 16878595; Gatebe, Charles K. 1,2; Email Address: gatebe@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov King, Michael D. 2 Lyapustin, Alexei I. 1,2 Arnold, G. Thomas 2,3 Redemann, Jens 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  3: L-3 Communications Government Services, Inc., Vienna, Virginia  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1072; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: RESEARCH aircraft; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Zhou, D. K.
AU  - Larar, A. M.
AU  - Mango, S. A.
AU  - Howell, H. B.
AU  - Knuteson, R. O.
AU  - Revercomb, H. E.
T1  - The NPOESS Airborne Sounding Testbed Interferometer—Remotely Sensed Surface and Atmospheric Conditions during CLAMS.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1118
EP  - 1134
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - During the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS), the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I), flying aboard the high-altitude Proteus aircraft, observed the spatial distribution of infrared radiance across the 650–2700 cm-1 (3.7–15.4 μm) spectral region with a spectral resolution of 0.25 cm-1. NAST-I scans cross track with a moderate spatial resolution (a linear ground resolution equal to 13% of the aircraft altitude at nadir). The broad spectral coverage and high spectral resolution of this instrument provides abundant information about the surface and three-dimensional state of the atmosphere. In this paper, the NAST-I measurements and geophysical product retrieval methodology employed for CLAMS are described. Example results of surface properties and atmospheric temperature, water vapor, ozone, and carbon monoxide distributions are provided. The CLAMS NAST-I geophysical dataset is available for use by the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - CLAMMING
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - CARBON monoxide
N1  - Accession Number: 16878593; Smith, W. L. 1; Email Address: bill.smith@hamptonu.edu Zhou, D. K. 2 Larar, A. M. 2 Mango, S. A. 3 Howell, H. B. 4 Knuteson, R. O. 4 Revercomb, H. E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland  4: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1118; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: CLAMMING; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114112 Shellfish Fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114113 Salt water fishing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
T1  - The Sensitivity of Diagnostic Radiative Properties to Cloud Microphysics among Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/04//4/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1241
EP  - 1254
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study examines the sensitivity of diagnosed radiative fluxes and heating rates to different treatments of cloud microphysics among cloud-resolving models (CRMs). The domain-averaged CRM outputs are used in this calculation. The impacts of the cloud overlap and uniform hydrometeor assumptions are examined using outputs having spatially varying cloud fields from a single CRM. It is found that the cloud overlap assumption impacts the diagnosis more significantly than the uniform hydrometeor assumption for all radiative fluxes. This is also the case for the longwave radiative cooling rate except for a layer above 7 km where it is more significantly impacted by the uniform hydrometeor assumption. The radiative cooling above upper-tropospheric anvils and the warming below these clouds are overestimated by about 0.5 K day-1 using the domain-averaged outputs. These results are used to further quantify intermodel differences in radiative properties due to different treatments of cloud microphysics among 10 CRMs. The magnitudes of the intermodel differences, as measured by the deviations from the consensus of 10 CRMs, are found to be smaller than those due to the cloud overlap assumption and comparable to those due to the uniform hydrometeor assumption for most shortwave radiative fluxes and the net radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface. For all longwave radiative fluxes, they are smaller than those due to cloud overlap and uniform hydrometeor assumptions. The consensus of all diagnosed radiative fluxes except for the surface downward shortwave flux agrees with observations to a degree that is close to the uncertainties of satellite- and ground-based measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - HYDROMETEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16878586; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: 4/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p1241; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: HYDROMETEOROLOGY; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amador, José J.
T1  - Markov random field approach to region extraction using Tabu Search.
JO  - Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation
JF  - Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 158
SN  - 10473203
AB  - This paper describes a region extraction algorithm based on the concept of Markov random fields. Markov random fields (MRFs) are characterized by using a Gibbs Distribution which equates back to the MRF. A heuristically developed energy functional is presented and used with the MRF in an efficient and accurate manner. Since the MRF used in this work is defined using the polar coordinate system, a very large search space exists for radial lengths and sites. To aid in pursuing these radial sites, a combinatorial optimization technique known as Tabu Search is exploited. Also provided is an extensive empirical study on aerial imagery and parts detection, in addition to a final discussion and description of future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - VISUAL communication
KW  - Gibbs Distribution
KW  - Markov random field
KW  - Region extraction
KW  - Tabu Search
N1  - Accession Number: 16761042; Amador, José J. 1; Email Address: Jose.J.Amador@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/John F. Kennedy Space Center KSC, FL 32899, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p134; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: VISUAL communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gibbs Distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Markov random field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Region extraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tabu Search; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 21 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvcir.2004.06.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banks, H.T.
AU  - Gibson, Nathan L.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - Gap detection with electromagnetic terahertz signals
JO  - Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications
JF  - Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 381
EP  - 416
SN  - 14681218
AB  - Abstract: We apply an inverse problem formulation to determine characteristics of a defect from a perturbed electromagnetic interrogating signal. A defect (gap) inside of a dielectric material causes a disruption, via reflections and refractions at the material interfaces, of the windowed interrogating signal. We model the electromagnetic waves inside the material with Maxwell''s equations. This leads to a non-standard, nonlinear optimization problem for the dimensions and location of the defect. Using simulations as forward solves, we employ a Newton-based, iterative optimization scheme to a novel modified least-squares objective function. Numerical results are given in tables and plots, standard errors are calculated, and computational issues are addressed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - EXCITON theory
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - Dielectrics
KW  - Electromagnetic interrogation
KW  - Nonlinear optimization
KW  - Terahertz
N1  - Accession Number: 19255770; Banks, H.T. 1; Email Address: htbanks@eos.ncsu.edu Gibson, Nathan L. 2 Winfree, William P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Research and Scientific Computation, NC State University, Box 8205, Raleigh, NC 27695-8205, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p381; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic interrogation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2004.09.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, M.K.
AU  - Holland, D.B.
AU  - Melendez, O.
AU  - Weiser, E.S.
AU  - Brenner, J.R.
AU  - Nelson, G.L.
T1  - Aromatic polyimide foams: factors that lead to high fire performance
JO  - Polymer Degradation & Stability
JF  - Polymer Degradation & Stability
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 88
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 27
SN  - 01413910
AB  - Abstract: In this research, three different, closely related, polyimide foams (namely TEEK-H, TEEK-L, and TEEK-C) were comparatively studied including thermal, mechanical, surface, flammability, and degradation properties. TEEK-H series was the name given to ODPA/3,4′-ODA (4,4-oxydiphthalic anhydride/3,4-oxydianiline), TEEK-L series for BTDA/4,4′-ODA (3,3,4,4-benzophenenone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride/4,4-oxydianiline), and TEEK-CL for BTDA/4,4′-DDSO2 (3,3,4,4-benzophenenone-tetracarboxylic dianhydride/4,4-diaminodiphenyl sulfone). With varying chemistries, densities, and surface areas of these foams, one has the ability to investigate the effects of subtle changes in density, surface area, and chemical structure on fire and thermal properties. Foams have much higher surface areas than solid polymers and are a greater challenge to fire retard [Weiser ES, Johnson TF, St. Clair TL, Echigo Y, Kaneshiro H, Grimsley B, Journal of High Performance Polymers 12 (2000) 1–12; Weiser ES, Baillif FF, Grimsley BW, Marchello JM, High temperature structural foam, Proceedings of the 43rd International SAMPE Symposium, May 1998, p. 730–44; Williams MK, et al., In: Nelson GL and Wilkie CA (Eds.), Fire and polymers: materials and solutions for hazard prevention, ACS Symposium Series 797, American Chemical Society/Oxford Press, Washington, D.C., 2001, p. 49–62; Williams MK, Nelson GL, Brenner JR, Weiser ES, St.Clair TL, Cell surface area and foam flammability, Proceedings of recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials, 2001]. Detailed fire and thermal properties are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer Degradation & Stability is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOAM
KW  - FOAMED materials
KW  - IMIDES
KW  - ANHYDRIDES
KW  - ANILINE
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - FIRE resistant polymers
KW  - Fire performance
KW  - Flammability
KW  - Polyimide foams
KW  - Surface area
KW  - Thermal properties
N1  - Accession Number: 16516461; Williams, M.K. 1; Email Address: martha.k.williams@nasa.gov Holland, D.B. 1 Melendez, O. 1 Weiser, E.S. 2 Brenner, J.R. 3 Nelson, G.L. 3; Email Address: nelson@fit.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Testbed Technology, YA-C2-T, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  2: NASA, Mail Stop 226, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 88 Issue 1, p20; Subject Term: FOAM; Subject Term: FOAMED materials; Subject Term: IMIDES; Subject Term: ANHYDRIDES; Subject Term: ANILINE; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: FIRE resistant polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flammability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide foams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface area; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2003.12.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gargano, Pablo
AU  - Mosca, Hugo
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Atomistic modeling of Ru–Al–Ta alloys
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 663
EP  - 668
SN  - 13596462
AB  - Abstract: Atomistic modeling of Ru–Al–Ta alloys was used to determine the energetics of ordered structures in this ternary system, providing insight to the formation of the recently discovered L21Ru2AlTa Heusler phase, as well as other ordered structures in the Ru–Al–Ta system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALS
KW  - TERNARY system
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Heusler alloys
KW  - Intermetallic compounds
KW  - Ruthenium aluminides
N1  - Accession Number: 16134267; Gargano, Pablo 1 Mosca, Hugo 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2,3; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: U.A. Materiales, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energı́a Atómica, Av. del Libertador 8250, 1429 Buenos Aires, Argentina  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 52 Issue 7, p663; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: TERNARY system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heusler alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermetallic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ruthenium aluminides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.11.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watson, S.M.
AU  - Zeng, L.
AU  - Musielski, J.
AU  - Wincheski, R.A.
AU  - Wilkerson, A.L.
AU  - Broitman, E.
AU  - Holloway, B.C.
AU  - Reilly, A.C.
T1  - Carbon nitride as a buffer layer for magnetic thin films
JO  - Thin Solid Films
JF  - Thin Solid Films
Y1  - 2005/04//
VL  - 476
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 148
EP  - 151
SN  - 00406090
AB  - Abstract: Amorphous carbon nitride (CN x, 0.1&#60;x&#60;0.3) thin films present a unique combination of hardness and compliance and may be useful for incorporation into ferromagnetic multilayers. We present a study of the use of amorphous CN x  as a buffer layer for NiFe magnetic thin films. The surface roughness of the NiFe films is comparable to films on Ta or Cu buffer layers and is stable with annealing at 200 °C. Effects on the magnetization and coercivity are seen, and may be due to several mechanisms, including chemical reactions at the interface and interdiffusion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin Solid Films is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - FILMSTRIPS
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - Carbon (58)
KW  - Magnetic properties (282)
KW  - Nitrides
KW  - Surface morphology (462)
N1  - Accession Number: 17426305; Watson, S.M. 1 Zeng, L. 2 Musielski, J. 1 Wincheski, R.A. 3 Wilkerson, A.L. 2 Broitman, E. 2 Holloway, B.C. 2 Reilly, A.C. 1; Email Address: reilly@physics.wm.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Department of Applied Science, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 476 Issue 1, p148; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: FILMSTRIPS; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon (58); Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic properties (282); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface morphology (462); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.09.036
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17426305&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Acoustic Nonlinearity in Polycrystalline Nickel from Fatigue-Generated Microstructures.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/04/09/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 337
EP  - 344
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - An analytical model of the nonlinear interaction of ultrasonic waves with dislocation substructures formed during the fatigue of wavy slip metals is presented. The model is applied to the calculation of the acoustic nonlinearity parameters β of polycrystalline nickel for increasingly higher levels of fatigue from the virgin state. The values calculated for stress-controlled loading at 345 MPa predict a monotonic increase in β of more than 390 percent as a function of percent life to fracture due to substructural evolution. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 16933186; Cantrell, John H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, VA 23681.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p337; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1916696
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16933186&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yost, William T.
T1  - Use of Capacitive Detection to Measure Harmonic Generation and the Nonlinearity Parameter in Liquids.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/04/09/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 345
EP  - 352
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Capacitive detectors have been employed for some time for absolute measurement of compressional wave particle displacement amplitudes in solids. The solid’s surface has been used as one of the capacitor’s plates, and a conductor riding within a few microns above the surface as the other plate. In the arrangement discussed here a conductive membrane is placed in contact with the liquid and the other electrode is placed a few microns above the membrane. Using this device the particle displacement amplitude in the picometer range of fundamental and harmonic waves in water were successfully measured. Measurements of fundamental and harmonic waves are presented and analyzed. Membrane effects and corrections related to liquid measurements are presented. The nonlinearity parameter for water is calculated, presented, and discussed. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - PHYSICS instruments
KW  - SOLIDS
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16933185; Yost, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: M/S 231, NASA-Langley Research Center; Hampton, VA 23681-2199.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p345; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Subject Term: PHYSICS instruments; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1916697
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16933185&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zimdars, David
AU  - Valdmanis, J. A.
AU  - White, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Stuk, G.
AU  - Williamson, S.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
T1  - Technology and Applications of Terahertz Imaging Non-Destructive Examination: Inspection of Space Shuttle Sprayed On Foam Insulation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/04/09/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 570
EP  - 577
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The implementation of terahertz (THz) imaging for non-destructive evaluation shows great promise in 2 and 3 dimensional non-contact inspection of non-conductive materials such as plastics, foam, composites, ceramics, paper, wood and glass. THz imaging employs safe low power non-ionizing electromagnetic pulses, which produce images with lateral resolution <200 microns, and depth resolution <50 microns. We demonstrate the detection of voids and disbonds intentionally incorporated within the sprayed on foam insulation of a space shuttle external tank mock-up segment using time domain THz imaging. Recently, highly integrated turn-key THz imaging systems have been introduced commercially. An industrially hardened THz scanning system which has been deployed to scan the space shuttle tank with small remote THz transceiver on a 30 meter fiber optic umbilical, is described. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - SYNTHETIC products
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
N1  - Accession Number: 16933156; Zimdars, David 1 Valdmanis, J. A. 1 White, Jeffrey S. 1 Stuk, G. 1 Williamson, S. 1 Winfree, William P. 2 Madaras, Eric I. 2; Affiliation:  1: Picometrix, Inc., 2925 Boardwalk Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108, USA.  2: NDE Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p570; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC products; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1916726
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16933156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Patrick H.
T1  - Measurement of Angle-Dependent Ultrasonic Backscatter from Textile Composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/04/09/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1073
EP  - 1080
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Textile fiber architecture composite materials present new measurement challenges for ultrasonic NDE. The large degree of spatial variability of the highly anisotropic fiber violates assumptions underlying a one-dimensional interpretation of ultrasonic interrogations. In this work, a long linear array is used to measure the spatial variation of scattered ultrasound arising from the fiber architecture in unidirectional and three-dimensional braided composite panels. The angular scattering signature can potentially be used as the basis for improved and more complete ultrasonic characterization of these types of composite materials. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - ULTRASONIC equipment
KW  - OPTICAL fiber industry
KW  - OPTOELECTRONICS industry
N1  - Accession Number: 16933091; Johnston, Patrick H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p1073; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC equipment; Subject Term: OPTICAL fiber industry; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONICS industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1916791
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16933091&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Cosgriff, L. M.
AU  - Martin, R. E.
AU  - Burns, E. A.
AU  - Teemer, L.
T1  - Signal Processing Effects for Ultrasonic Guided Wave Scanning of Composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/04/09/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1087
EP  - 1093
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The goal of this ongoing work is to optimize experimental variables for a guided wave scanning method to obtain the most revealing and accurate images of defect conditions in composite materials. This study focuses on signal processing effects involved in forming guided wave scan images. Signal processing is involved at two basic levels for deriving ultrasonic guided wave scan images. At the primary level, NASA GRC has developed algorithms to extract over 30 parameters from the multimode signal and its power spectral density. At the secondary level, there are many variables for which values must be chosen that affect actual computation of these parameters. In this study, a ceramic matrix composite sample having a delamination is characterized using the ultrasonic guided wave scan method. Energy balance and decay rate parameters of the guided wave at each scan location are calculated to form images. These images are compared with ultrasonic c-scan and thermography images. The effect of the time portion of the waveform processed on image quality is assessed by comparing with images formed using the total waveform acquired. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - METALLURGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16933089; Roth, D. J. 1 Cosgriff, L. M. 2 Martin, R. E. 2 Burns, E. A. 3 Teemer, L. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.  2: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44120.  3: Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931.  4: Florida A & M University - Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p1087; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: METALLURGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1916793
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16933089&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
AU  - Prosser, William H.
AU  - Gorman, Michael R.
T1  - Detection of Impact Damage on Space Shuttle Structures Using Acoustic Emission.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/04/09/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1113
EP  - 1120
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Studies of the acoustic signals originating from impact damage on Space Shuttle components were undertaken. Sprayed on foam insulation and small aluminum spheres were used as impactors. Shuttle reinforced carbon-carbon panels, panels with Shuttle thermal protection tiles, and Shuttle main landing gear doors with tiles were targets. Ballistic speed and hypervelocity impacts over a wide range of impactor sizes, energies, and angles were tested. Additional tests were conducted to correlate the acoustic response of the test articles to actual Shuttle structures. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - STRESS waves
KW  - CARBON
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - ELASTIC waves
N1  - Accession Number: 16933085; Madaras, Eric I. 1 Prosser, William H. 1 Gorman, Michael R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681.  2: Digital Wave Corporation, 11234A Caley Ave., Englewood CO 80111.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p1113; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: STRESS waves; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: ELASTIC waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1916797
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16933085&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Selim, R.
AU  - McFarlane, M.
AU  - Mast, J.
AU  - Wincheski, B.
AU  - Simpson, J.
T1  - Detection of Shape and Depth of Defects in Aluminum Structures Using SQUIDS.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/04/09/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1638
EP  - 1645
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We have developed a low temperature SQUID measurement system for detection of defects deep under the surface of aluminum structures using eddy current techniques. The system uses an orthogonal planar inducer with two different excitation frequencies. We have also developed a data analysis software that enabled us to distinguish between round objects (fastener holes), straight defects (cracks) and cracks close to holes simulating cracks around fasteners in aluminum structures. We were able to detect defects that are 8mm below the surface. We have also measured the change in phase of the detected signal as a function of depth of the defect. This relationship can be used to determine the depth of hidden flaws. A similar system using High Temperature SQUID with better spatial resolution was also able to detect cracks close to fastener holes in layered aluminum sample. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM construction
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - HEAT
KW  - ALUMINUM
N1  - Accession Number: 16933016; Selim, R. 1 McFarlane, M. 1 Mast, J. 1 Wincheski, B. 2 Simpson, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: Lockheed Martin Space Operation, Hampton, VA 23681.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p1638; Subject Term: ALUMINUM construction; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: HEAT; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1916866
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leventis, Nicholas
AU  - Dass, Amala
T1  - Demonstration of the Elusive Concentration-Gradient Paramagnetic Force.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2005/04/13/
VL  - 127
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 4988
EP  - 4989
SN  - 00027863
AB  - The article informs that a unit volume element that contains magnetic dipoles, may experience two paramagnetic forces, the field-gradient force, and the concentration-gradient force, Fvc. More recently, Fvc was used to explain magnetic effects on the open circuit potential of ferromagnetic electrodes in corrosive paramagnetic solutions. But, since magnetized ferromagnetic electrodes attract paramagnetic ions through field-gradient-type forces, the Fvc involvement has also been questioned. In several other occasions, the presence of Fvc has been denied based on magnitude comparisons with the driving force of diffusion. But as shown here, being a body force Fvc affects modes of mass transfer different from diffusion.
KW  - MAGNETIC dipoles
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - IONS
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
KW  - ELECTRODES
N1  - Accession Number: 16753729; Leventis, Nicholas 1; Email Address: Nichols.Leventis@nasa.gov Dass, Amala 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd. M.S. 49-1, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri -Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409.; Source Info: 4/13/2005, Vol. 127 Issue 14, p4988; Subject Term: MAGNETIC dipoles; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
AU  - LaMarre, Christopher
AU  - Colozza, Anthony
T1  - Venus atmospheric exploration by solar aircraft
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 56
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 750
EP  - 755
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The Venus atmosphere is a favorable environment for flying powered aircraft. The atmospheric pressure makes flight much easier than on planets such as Mars. Above the clouds, solar energy is available in abundance on Venus, and the slow rotation of Venus allows a solar airplane to be designed for flight within continuous sunlight. The atmosphere between 50 and 75km on Venus is one of the most dynamic and interesting regions of the planet. The challenge for a Venus aircraft will be the fierce winds and caustic atmosphere. In order to remain on the sunlit side of Venus, an exploration aircraft will have to be capable of sustained flight at or above the wind speed. An aircraft would be a powerful tool for exploration. By learning how Venus can be so similar to Earth, and yet so different, we will learn to better understand the climate and geological history of the Earth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight to Venus
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 17552649; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.landis@grc.nasa.gov LaMarre, Christopher 2 Colozza, Anthony 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, Mailstop 302-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of Illinois, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Champaign, IL, USA  3: Analex Engineering, NASA Glenn Research Center, mailstop 301-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 56 Issue 8, p750; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Venus; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.12.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, C.
AU  - Su, C.-H.
AU  - Lehoczky, S. L.
AU  - Scripa, R. N.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Ban, H.
T1  - Thermophysical properties of liquid Te: Density, electrical conductivity, and viscosity.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 97
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 083513
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The thermophysical properties of liquid Te, namely, density, electrical conductivity, and viscosity, were determined using the pycnometric and transient torque methods from the melting point of Te (723 K) to approximately 1150 K. A maximum was observed in the density of liquid Te as the temperature was increased. The electrical conductivity of liquid Te increased to a constant value of 2.9×105 Ω-1 m-1 as the temperature was raised above 1000 K. The viscosity decreased rapidly upon heating the liquid to elevated temperatures. The anomalous behaviors of the measured properties are explained as caused by the structural transitions in the liquid and discussed in terms of Eyring’s [A. I. Gubanov, Quantum Electron Theory of Amorphous Conductors (Consultants Bureau, New York, 1965)] and Bachinskii’s [Zh. Fiz.-Khim. O-va. 33, 192 (1901)] predicted behaviors for homogeneous liquids. The properties were also measured as a function of time after the liquid was cooled from approximately 1173 or 1123 to 823 K. No relaxation phenomena were observed in the properties after the temperature of liquid Te was decreased to 823 K, in contrast to the relaxation behavior observed for some of the Te compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELLURIUM
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - THERMOPHYSICAL properties
N1  - Accession Number: 16868328; Li, C. 1,2; Email Address: chao.li@msfc.nasa.gov Su, C.-H. 2 Lehoczky, S. L. 2 Scripa, R. N. 1 Lin, B. 3 Ban, H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294  2: Microgravity Science and Applications Department, SD 46, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; Source Info: 4/15/2005, Vol. 97 Issue 8, p083513; Subject Term: TELLURIUM; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1868881
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Characterization of a radio frequency carbon nanotube growth plasma by ultraviolet absorption and optical emission spectroscopy.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 97
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 084311
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Radio frequency driven methane/hydrogen plasmas for carbon nanotube growth at pressures between 0.5 and 20 Torr, bias power from 0 to 110 W, and inductive coil power from 0 to 200 W are characterized via optical diagnostics. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy is used for quantitative determination of CH3 radical density for these systems, giving densities on the order of 1013 cm-3, accounting for approximately 0.1% of the plasma neutral content. Emission data are also analyzed to extract neutral gas temperatures from the H2 spectrum and electron densities and temperatures and approximate atomic H densities in the system. Neutral temperature is estimated between 700 and 1100 K, though the lower electrode is heated to 1273 K. Electron temperature is estimated to be between 2.5 and 3.5 eV in the high-energy (>12 eV) portion of the electron energy distribution, and the data suggest an overall non-Maxwellian distribution of electrons. The dissociation of hydrogen is estimated at around 0.1%. Dependencies on power and pressure are explored, indicating more efficient ionization, dissociation, and electron heating at lower pressure and higher power. The absence of any dependency on coil power suggests the plasma is operating in a noninductive mode for these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - ATOMIC spectroscopy
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 16868285; Cruden, Brett A. 1; Email Address: bcruden@mail.arc.nasa.gov Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Ames Research Center, Mail Stop (MS) 223-2, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 4/15/2005, Vol. 97 Issue 8, p084311; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: ATOMIC spectroscopy; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1865315
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Negrão, A.
AU  - Roos-Serote, M.
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - Rages, K.
AU  - Lourenço, B.
T1  - On the latitudinal distribution of Titan's haze at the Voyager epoch
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 526
EP  - 534
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We have analysed all the available high phase angle images of Titan limb taken by Voyager 1 and 2, in early 1980. For several different phase angles and wavelengths, we seek for a consistent set of haze parameters able to fit all data simultaneously. Our main purpose is to obtain an accurate estimate of the latitudinal variation of haze opacity at 200km altitude at the time of the Voyager flyby''s. We find that haze opacity at 200km is about constant in the southern hemisphere and drops between equator and by about 30–50%, sharply increasing again beyond . The latter feature is clearly due to the north polarhood. This behaviour is opposite to total optical depth variations retrieved from IRIS observation, at the same epoch. The IRIS data refer to levels below 100km altitude. A comparison of our results with calculations from a general circulation model, shows that (1) our results are realistic and can be considered as robust (2) the opacity variations at 200km (this work) and at ground (IRIS data), although opposite, are not inconsistent with each other. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - HAZE
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - TROPICS
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Haze
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Titan
KW  - Voyager
N1  - Accession Number: 17643310; Negrão, A. 1,2; Email Address: alberto.negrao@obspm.fr Roos-Serote, M. 3 Rannou, P. 4 Rages, K. 5 Lourenço, B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Observatory of Paris at Meudon, 5 Place J. Janssen, 92195 Meudon, Cedex, France  2: Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal  3: Lisbon Astronomical Observatory, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisbon, Portugal  4: Service de Aéronomie/IPSL, University of Versailles-St-Quentin, France  5: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p526; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: TROPICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voyager; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2004.08.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seiff, Alvin
AU  - Stoker, Carol R.
AU  - Young, Richard E.
AU  - Mihalov, John D.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph D.
T1  - Determination of physical properties of a planetary surface by measuring the deceleration of a probe upon impact: Application to Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 594
EP  - 600
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We report scale model laboratory experiments showing how an impact accelerometer on a planetary probe (based on the Huygens probe Phase A configuration) can provide significant information on the mechanical characteristics of the surface. In particular, solid and liquid surfaces can be discriminated. The density of liquids can in principle be determined from the peak deceleration, thereby providing a constraint on composition, although experimental uncertainties present challenges to the accuracy of this method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY engineering
KW  - WAVE theory of light
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 17643315; Seiff, Alvin 1,2 Stoker, Carol R. 2 Young, Richard E. 2 Mihalov, John D. 2 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Lorenz, Ralph D. 3; Email Address: rlorenz@lpl.arizona.edu; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, CA, USA  2: Space Science Division, MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p594; Subject Term: PLANETARY engineering; Subject Term: WAVE theory of light; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2004.05.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Justus, C.G.
AU  - Duvall, Aleta
AU  - Keller, Vernon W.
AU  - Spilker, Thomas R.
AU  - Kae Lockwood, Mary
T1  - Connecting atmospheric science and atmospheric models for aerocapture at Titan and the outer planets
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/04/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 601
EP  - 605
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Many atmospheric measurement systems, such as the sounding instruments on Voyager, gather atmospheric information in the form of temperature versus pressure level. In these terms, there is considerable consistency among the mean atmospheric profiles of the outer planets Jupiter through Neptune, including Titan. On a given planet or on Titan, the range of variability of temperature versus pressure level due to seasonal, latitudinal, and diurnal variations is also not large. However, many engineering needs for atmospheric models relate not to temperature versus pressure level but atmospheric density versus geometric altitude. This need is especially true for design and analysis of aerocapture systems. Drag force available for aerocapture is directly proportional to atmospheric density. Available aerocapture “corridor width” (allowable range of atmospheric entry angle) also depends on height rate of change of atmospheric density, as characterized by density scale height. Characteristics of hydrostatics and the gas law equation mean that relatively small systematic differences in temperature versus pressure profiles can integrate at high altitudes to very large differences in density versus altitude profiles. Thus, a given periapsis density required to accomplish successful aerocapture can occur at substantially different altitudes (–300km) on the various outer planets, and significantly different density scale heights (–50km) can occur at these periapsis altitudes. This paper will illustrate these effects and discuss implications for improvements in atmospheric measurements to yield significant impact on design of aerocapture systems for future missions to Titan and the outer planets. Relatively small-scale atmospheric perturbations, such as gravity waves, tides, and other atmospheric variations can also have significant effect on design details for aerocapture guidance and control systems. This paper will discuss benefits that would result from improved understanding of Titan and outer planetary atmospheric perturbation characteristics. Details of recent engineering-level atmospheric models for Titan and Neptune will be presented, and effects of present and future levels of atmospheric uncertainty and variability characteristics will be examined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - MODELS & modelmaking
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - Aerocapture
KW  - Global reference atmospheric model
KW  - Neptune atmosphere
KW  - Neptune-GRAM
KW  - Titan atmosphere
KW  - Titan-GRAM
N1  - Accession Number: 17643316; Justus, C.G. 1 Duvall, Aleta 1; Email Address: aleta.duvall@msfc.nasa.gov Keller, Vernon W. 2 Spilker, Thomas R. 3 Kae Lockwood, Mary 4; Affiliation:  1: Morgan Research Corporation, EV13/Morgan, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, EV13, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Vehicle Analysis Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p601; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: MODELS & modelmaking; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerocapture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global reference atmospheric model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neptune atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neptune-GRAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan-GRAM; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2004.12.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, S. D.
AU  - Kakarlapudi, S.
AU  - de Haag, M. Uijt
T1  - A shadow detection and extraction algorithm using digital elevation models and x‐band weather radar measurements.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/04/20/
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1531
EP  - 1549
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The aviation industry has been investigating the potential of synthetic and enhanced vision systems (SVS and EVS) to increase the situational awareness of pilots who are operating in low-visibility weather conditions. Synthetic vision displays provide a real-time depiction of a terrain model from the pilot's perspective. To ensure the integrity of this terrain depiction, consistency checking using remote sensing of the terrain environment has been suggested. This requires the detection and extraction of terrain features from both the model and the sensor measurements. Further, the features must be represented in the same reference domain. Terrain shadowing occurs when areas are not in the line-of-sight of the observer. It is these shadowed regions and their morphological characteristics that are identified as the feature domain in which consistency can be assessed between two sources of terrain information. This paper describes an algorithm to extract shadow features from digital elevation models during flight to enable direct comparison with x-band radar modus operandi. Results are presented using flight-test data acquired from two platforms with different radar equipment. The proposed algorithm not only has application to the consistency-checking problem, but also to terrain navigation, image fusion, and digital elevation model accuracy assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADAR meteorology
KW  - ALTITUDES
KW  - AIRLINE industry
KW  - DIGITAL electronics
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 17148024; Young, S. D. 1; Email Address: steven.d.young@nasa.gov Kakarlapudi, S. 2 de Haag, M. Uijt 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Ohio University, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Athens, Ohio; Source Info: 4/20/2005, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p1531; Subject Term: RADAR meteorology; Subject Term: ALTITUDES; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry; Subject Term: DIGITAL electronics; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160512331337772
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Emerson, Charles W.
AU  - Siu-Ngan Lam, Nina
AU  - Quattrochi, Dale
T1  - A comparison of local variance, fractal dimension, and Moran's I as aids to multispectral image classification.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2005/04/20/
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1575
EP  - 1588
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The accuracy of traditional multispectral maximum-likelihood image classification is limited by the multi-modal statistical distributions of digital numbers from the complex, heterogenous mixture of land cover types in urban areas. This work examines the utility of local variance, fractal dimension and Moran's I index of spatial autocorrelation in segmenting multispectral satellite imagery with the goal of improving urban land cover classification accuracy. Tools available in the ERDAS Imagine TM software package and the Image Characterization and Modeling System (ICAMS) were used to analyse Landsat ETM?+ imagery of Atlanta, Georgia. Images were created from the ETM?+ panchromatic band using the three texture indices. These texture images were added to the stack of multispectral bands and classified using a supervised, maximum likelihood technique. Although each texture band improved the classification accuracy over a multispectral only effort, the addition of fractal dimension measures is particularly effective at resolving land cover classes within urbanized areas, as compared to per-pixel spectral classification techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AERIAL photogrammetry
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
N1  - Accession Number: 17148030; Emerson, Charles W. 1 Siu-Ngan Lam, Nina 2 Quattrochi, Dale 3; Email Address: dale.quattrochi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, Western Michigan University, USA  2: Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Earth Science Department, Marshall Space Flight Center, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2005, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p1575; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AERIAL photogrammetry; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160512331326765
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bunker, Jared
AU  - Lowry, Thomas
AU  - Davis, Garrett
AU  - Zhang, Bo
AU  - Brosnahan, David
AU  - Lindsay, Stuart
AU  - Costen, Robert
AU  - Choi, Sang
AU  - Arosio, Paolo
AU  - Watt, Gerald D.
T1  - Kinetic studies of iron deposition catalyzed by recombinant human liver heavy, and light ferritins and Azotobacter vinelandii bacterioferritin using O2 and H2O2 as oxidants
JO  - Biophysical Chemistry
JF  - Biophysical Chemistry
Y1  - 2005/04/22/
VL  - 114
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 235
EP  - 244
SN  - 03014622
AB  - Abstract: The discrepancy between predicted and measured H2O2 formation during iron deposition with recombinant heavy human liver ferritin (rHF) was attributed to reaction with the iron protein complex [Biochemistry 40 (2001) 10832–10838]. This proposal was examined by stopped-flow kinetic studies and analysis for H2O2 production using (1) rHF, and Azotobacter vinelandii bacterial ferritin (AvBF), each containing 24 identical subunits with ferroxidase centers; (2) site-altered rHF mutants with functional and dysfunctional ferroxidase centers; and (3) recombinant human liver light ferritin (rLF), containing no ferroxidase center. For rHF, nearly identical pseudo-first-order rate constants of 0.18 s−1 at pH 7.5 were measured for Fe2+ oxidation by both O2 and H2O2, but for rLF, the rate with O2 was 200-fold slower than that for H2O2 (k=0.22 s−1). A Fe2+/O2 stoichiometry near 2.4 was measured for rHF and its site altered forms, suggesting formation of H2O2. Direct measurements revealed no H2O2 free in solution 0.5–10 min after all Fe2+ was oxidized at pH 6.5 or 7.5. These results are consistent with initial H2O2 formation, which rapidly reacts in a secondary reaction with unidentified solution components. Using measured rate constants for rHF, simulations showed that steady-state H2O2 concentrations peaked at 14 μM at ∼600 ms and decreased to zero at 10–30 s. rLF did not produce measurable H2O2 but apparently conducted the secondary reaction with H2O2. Fe2+/O2 values of 4.0 were measured for AvBF. Stopped-flow measurements with AvBF showed that both H2O2 and O2 react at the same rate (k=0.34 s−1), that is faster than the reactions with rHF. Simulations suggest that AvBF reduces O2 directly to H2O without intermediate H2O2 formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biophysical Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON in the body
KW  - BILIARY tract
KW  - CARRIER proteins
KW  - RETROLENTAL fibroplasia
KW  - AZOTOBACTER
KW  - Bacterioferritin
KW  - Human liver ferritin
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Iron deposition
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Recombinant ferritins
N1  - Accession Number: 17664210; Bunker, Jared 1 Lowry, Thomas 1 Davis, Garrett 1 Zhang, Bo 2 Brosnahan, David 2 Lindsay, Stuart 2 Costen, Robert 3 Choi, Sang 3 Arosio, Paolo 4 Watt, Gerald D. 2; Email Address: gdwatt@chem.byu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Brigham Young University Undergraduate Research Program, United States  2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602, United States  3: The NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  4: Unit of Protein Engineering, DIBIT, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano and Cattedra di Chimica, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 114 Issue 2/3, p235; Subject Term: IRON in the body; Subject Term: BILIARY tract; Subject Term: CARRIER proteins; Subject Term: RETROLENTAL fibroplasia; Subject Term: AZOTOBACTER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterioferritin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human liver ferritin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recombinant ferritins; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.11.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nallasamy, M.
AU  - Envia, E.
T1  - Computation of rotor wake turbulence noise
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/04/22/
VL  - 282
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 678
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: A major source of fan broadband noise is the interaction of rotor wake turbulence with the fan outlet guide vanes. A broadband noise model that utilizes computed rotor flow turbulence from a Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes code is used to predict fan broadband noise spectra. The noise model is employed to examine the broadband noise characteristics of the 22-in source diagnostic test fan rig for which broadband noise data were obtained in wind tunnel tests at the NASA Glenn Research Center. A 9-case matrix of three outlet guide vane configurations at three representative fan tip speeds are considered. For all cases inlet and exhaust spectra of acoustic power are computed and compared with the measured spectra where possible. The acoustic power levels and shape of the predicted spectra are in good agreement with the measured data for the fan exhaust duct radiation at approach condition where direct comparisons are possible. The predicted spectra show the experimentally observed trends with fan tip speed, vane count and vane sweep. The results also demonstrate the validity of using computational fluid dynamics based turbulence information for fan broadband noise calculations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
N1  - Accession Number: 17524189; Nallasamy, M. 1; Email Address: nallasamy@grc.nasa.gov Envia, E. 2; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Acoustics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 282 Issue 3-5, p649; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.03.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Jakosky, Bruce M.
AU  - Anbar, Ariel D.
AU  - Marais, David Des
AU  - Morrison, David
AU  - Pace, Norman R.
T1  - Don't Dismiss Astrobiology.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/04/22/
VL  - 308
IS  - 5721
M3  - Letter
SP  - 496
EP  - 496
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor on review of the book "The Living Universe."
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - COSMOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 16911239; Jakosky, Bruce M. 1 Anbar, Ariel D. 2 Marais, David Des 3 Morrison, David 3 Pace, Norman R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.  2: Department of Geological Sciences Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  3: NASA/Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, A; Source Info: 4/22/2005, Vol. 308 Issue 5721, p496; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Number of Pages: 1/6p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 210
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoge, Frank E.
AU  - Lyon, Paul E.
T1  - New tools for the study of oceanic eddies: Satellite derived inherent optical properties
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/04/30/
VL  - 95
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 452
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Satellite study of oceanic eddy formation, propagation, interactions, and fate was first conducted by sea surface temperature derived at infrared wavelengths. For visible wavelength ocean color reflectances, it is shown that recent radiative transfer model inversions provide additional characteristics of eddies: their constituent absorption and backscattering inherent optical properties. The chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient has the highest contrast and is therefore the most visually evident inherent optical property (while the phytoplankton absorption coefficient and backscattering coefficients are respectively less discernible). For use as an analytical tool, comparisons suggests that the chromophoric dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient has a ∼10× higher contrast (i.e., ∼5% vs. 50%) in the Middle Atlantic Bight making eddy events detectable over longer time periods than with SST imagery. Example imagery illustrates the application of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and phytoplankton absorption coefficient inherent optical properties to the visual injection of dissolved and particulate organic carbon into the deep ocean by a Gulf Stream ring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - OCEAN currents
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ATLANTIC Ocean
KW  - NORTH Atlantic Ocean
KW  - Eddies
KW  - Gulf Stream
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Organic matter
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 17639132; Hoge, Frank E. 1; Email Address: frank.hoge@nasa.gov Lyon, Paul E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Building N-159, Room E200, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337, United States  2: Building N-159, Room E203, E. G. & G. Inc., Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337, United States; Source Info: Apr2005, Vol. 95 Issue 4, p444; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: OCEAN currents; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ATLANTIC Ocean; Subject Term: NORTH Atlantic Ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gulf Stream; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phytoplankton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2004.12.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehlmann, Bethany L.
AU  - Chowdhury, Jeeshan
AU  - Marzullo, Timothy C.
AU  - Eric Collins, R.
AU  - Litzenberger, Julie
AU  - Ibsen, Stuart
AU  - Krauser, Wendy R.
AU  - DeKock, Brandon
AU  - Hannon, Michael
AU  - Kinnevan, Jessica
AU  - Shepard, Rebekah
AU  - Douglas Grant, F.
T1  - Humans to Mars: A feasibility and cost–benefit analysis
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 56
IS  - 9-12
M3  - Article
SP  - 851
EP  - 858
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Mars is a compelling astrobiological target, and a human mission would provide an opportunity to collect immense amounts of scientific data. Exploration alone, however, cannot justify the increased risk. Instead, three factors drive a human mission: economics, education, and exploration. A human mission has a unique potential to inspire the next generation of young people to enter critically needed science and engineering disciplines. A mission is economically feasible, and the research and development program put in place for a human mission would propel growth in related high-technology industries. The main hurdles are human physiological responses to 1–2 years of radiation and microgravity exposure. However, enabling technologies are sufficiently mature in these areas that they can be developed within a few decade timescale. Hence, the decision of whether or not to undertake a human mission to Mars is a political decision, and thus, educational and economic benefits are the crucial factors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Feasibility
KW  - Human
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mission
KW  - Political
KW  - Technical
N1  - Accession Number: 17662980; Ehlmann, Bethany L. 1; Email Address: bethany.ehlmann@wustl.edu Chowdhury, Jeeshan 2 Marzullo, Timothy C. 3 Eric Collins, R. 4 Litzenberger, Julie 5 Ibsen, Stuart 6 Krauser, Wendy R. 7 DeKock, Brandon 8 Hannon, Michael 9 Kinnevan, Jessica 10 Shepard, Rebekah 11 Douglas Grant, F. 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA  2: School of Medicine, University of Alberta, Canada  3: Neuroscience Program, University of Michigan, USA  4: School of Oceanography, University of Washington, USA  5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering Division, Stanford University, USA  6: Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  8: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, USA  9: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, USA  10: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, USA  11: Department of Geology, University of California, Davis, USA  12: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 56 Issue 9-12, p851; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feasibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Political; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technical; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.01.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milanovic, Ivana M.
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
T1  - Synthetic Jets in Crossflow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 929
EP  - 940
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Results of an experimental investigation on synthetic jets, with and without crossflow, from orifices of different geometry are presented. Jet Reynolds number up to 2.3 × 104 and Stokes number up to 400 are covered. For the round orifice, in the absence of crossflow, the threshold for formation of the synthetic jet is found to be at a stroke length, L0/D ≈ 0.25. Above L0/D ≈ 5, the profiles of normalized centerline mean velocity appear to become invariant. It is reasoned that the limiting behavior at high L0/D is related to the phenomenon of saturation of impulsively generated vortices. For the synthetic jet in crossflow (SJCF), distributions of mean velocity, streamwise vorticity, as well as turbulence intensity are found to be similar to those of a steady jet-in-crossflow (JICF). A pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices, corresponding to the bound vortex pair of the steady case, is clearly observed. Mean velocity field, for the case of normal injection, exhibits a ‘dome’ of low-momentum fluid pulled up from the boundary layer, and the entire domain is characterized by high turbulence. When the maximum velocity during the discharge stroke of a SJCF equals the exit velocity of a JICF, the penetration of the two are found to be comparable for a given crossflow. Other orifice geometries included a tapered, a pitched, and a cluster of nine, all having the same cross-sectional area at the exit. The flowfield from the cluster, when viewed a few equivalent diameters downstream, resembles that from the single orifice. However, jet penetration is somewhat lower as a result of increased mixing of the distributed jets with the crossflow. Instead of the dome of low-momentum fluid, a pitched SJCF is characterized by a core of high-momentum fluid. Its penetration is the lowest, as expected. The trajectory of the SJCF from a single orifice, normal or pitched, is well represented by the power function correlation available for a JICF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - HOLES
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - SPEED
KW  - STOKES equations
N1  - Accession Number: 16994624; Milanovic, Ivana M. 1,2 Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut 06117  2: Asistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Member AIAA  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Aerospace Engineer, Propulsion System Division, Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p929; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: HOLES; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: STOKES equations; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Hongwu
AU  - Balakumar, Ponnampalam
T1  - Nonlinear Disturbance Evolution Across a Hypersonic Compression Corner.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1041
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The nonlinear evolution of the second-mode disturbance across a compression corner under the hypersonic flow condition is studied by spatial direct numerical simulation in this investigation. A fifth-order weighted essentially nonoscillating scheme is employed for this simulation. After the mean flow is obtained, the two- and three-dimensional mono- or random-frequency disturbances are added into the mean flow at the beginning of the computational domain. The nonlinear simulations show that two-dimensional disturbance will become saturated downstream of the separation region when its amplitude grows to a quite large value. For three-dimensional monofrequency disturbance evolution, with appropriate initial disturbance amplitude, the nonlinear interactions of the oblique disturbance will first happen at the beginning of the separation region, and some superharmonics will begin to appear in this region, but only downstream of the separation region do these harmonics begin to grow rapidly. Among all of these superharmonics, (0,2) mode shows the greatest growth rate and is responsible for oblique breakdown. With the presence of the two-dimensional primary disturbance, the oblique disturbances show the significant growth rate downstream of the separation region when the two-dimensional primary disturbance reaches the nonlinear saturation. Both mono- and random-frequency disturbance evolution show that the growth of three-dimensional disturbance as a result of secondary instability is responsible for the boundary-layer transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - NONLINEAR evolution equations
KW  - NONLINEAR differential equations
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 16994634; Zhao, Hongwu 1 Balakumar, Ponnampalam 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1034; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: NONLINEAR evolution equations; Subject Term: NONLINEAR differential equations; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uzun, Ali
AU  - Hussaini, M. Yousuff
AU  - Streett, Craig L.
T1  - Comparative Study of Single-Block vs Multiblock Jet Flow Computations.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1143
EP  - 1146
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Examines the comparative study of single block and multiblock jet flow computations. Application of a spatial filter to the Navier-Stokes equations; Recovery of the single block computation in a turbulent flow; Differences between the single block and multiblock results.
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - GAS dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 16994647; Uzun, Ali 1 Hussaini, M. Yousuff 1 Streett, Craig L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4120  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1143; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: GAS dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Summers, Richard L.
AU  - Martin, David S.
AU  - Meck, Janice V.
AU  - Coleman, Thomas G.
T1  - Mechanism of Spaceflight-Induced Changes in Left Ventricular Mass
JO  - American Journal of Cardiology
JF  - American Journal of Cardiology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 95
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1128
EP  - 1130
SN  - 00029149
AB  - Decrements in left ventricular (LV) mass observed after microgravity exposure have been previously postulated to be a central component of spaceflight-induced cardiovascular deconditioning. In this study, echocardiographic measurements of LV mass in astronauts demonstrated a comparative 9.1% reduction in postflight LV mass that returned to preflight values by the third day of recovery. A ground-based study in normal subjects determined that these pre- to postflight LV mass changes could be reproduced by simple dehydration. Reductions in LV mass observed immediately after spaceflight may be secondary to simple physiologic fluid exchanges. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Cardiology is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEFT heart ventricle
KW  - HEART diseases
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17674908; Summers, Richard L. 1; Email Address: rsummers@pol.net Martin, David S. 2 Meck, Janice V. 3 Coleman, Thomas G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi  2: Wyle Laboratories, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  3: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, Space and Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  4: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 95 Issue 9, p1128; Subject Term: LEFT heart ventricle; Subject Term: HEART diseases; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.01.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerz, Thomas
AU  - Holzäpfel, Frank
AU  - Bryant, Wayne
AU  - Köpp, Friedrich
AU  - Frech, Michael
AU  - Tafferner, Arnold
AU  - Winckelmans, Grégoire
T1  - Research towards a wake-vortex advisory system for optimal aircraft spacing
T2  - Recherches sur des systèmes de détection des tourbillons pour réduire les distances de séparation entre avions
JO  - Comptes Rendus Physique
JF  - Comptes Rendus Physique
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 6
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 523
SN  - 16310705
AB  - Abstract: Wake turbulence is a major concern for busy airports since it limits capacity. Solutions for new aircraft staggering procedures are sought which relax the current separations but keep safety on a high level. Systems which advice air-traffic control on wake-vortex behaviour under present and expected weather conditions will, hopefully, contribute to such a solution. Knowledge on transport and decay of wake vortices in the atmosphere is presented. Concepts and designs of wake-vortex advisory systems in Europe and the USA are outlined. European wake-vortex measurement and prediction campaigns are described where the components of such systems have been tested successfully. To cite this article: T. Gerz et al., C. R. Physique 6 (2005). (English) [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Résumé: L''''un des principaux objectifs des recherches sur les tourbillons de sillages d''''avions est l''''assouplissement des normes qui fixent les distances de séparation entre avions, à l''''atterrissage et au décollage. Ces changements doivent en même temps assurer une amélioration de la sécurité en regard du danger que représentent les tourbillons de sillage. La réalisation de ces objectifs s''''appuie en particulier sur le développement de systèmes opérationnels de détection et de caractérisation in situ des tourbillons, systèmes qui doivent être couplés à une capacité de prévision de la météorologie locale. On effectue dans cet article une revue des effets de l''''environnement atmosphérique sur la dynamique des tourbillons. On décrit ensuite divers systèmes de détection et de décision développés en Europe et aux USA. On présente notamment quelques résultats de campagnes de mesure réalisées pour valider diverses composantes de ces systèmes. Pour citer cet article : T. Gerz et al., C. R. Physique 6 (2005). </ce:abst (French) [Copyright 2005 Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Comptes Rendus Physique is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAKES (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Aircraft wake vortices
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Optimal aircraft spacing
KW  - Atmosphère
KW  - Contrôle aérien
KW  - Tourbillons de sillage
N1  - Accession Number: 18263069; Gerz, Thomas 1; Email Address: Thomas.Gerz@dlr.de Holzäpfel, Frank 1 Bryant, Wayne 2 Köpp, Friedrich 1 Frech, Michael 1 Tafferner, Arnold 1 Winckelmans, Grégoire 3; Affiliation:  1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Oberpfaffenhofen, 82230 Wessling, Germany  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Mechanical Engineering Department, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 6 Issue 4/5, p501; Subject Term: WAKES (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air traffic control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft wake vortices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal aircraft spacing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphère; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contrôle aérien; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tourbillons de sillage; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.crhy.2005.06.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, S. R.
AU  - Nemeth, N. N.
AU  - Gyekenyesi, J. P.
T1  - Exponential slow crack growth of glass and advanced ceramics—dynamic fatigue.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 28
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 489
EP  - 497
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - The life prediction analysis based on an exponential crack-velocity formulation was made and examined using a variety of experimental data on glass and advanced structural ceramics in constant stress-rate (‘dynamic fatigue’) loading at ambient and elevated temperatures. The data fit to the relation ofstrengthversus ln (stress rate) was very reasonable for most of the materials. The major limitation in the exponential crack-velocity formulation, however, was that the inert strength of a material must be knowna priorito evaluate the important SCG parameter,n, a significant drawback as compared with the conventional power-law crack-velocity formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - CERAMICS -- Fracture
KW  - TECHNICAL chemistry
KW  - BUILDING materials
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering
KW  - advanced ceramics
KW  - constant stress-rate (‘dynamic fatigue’) testing
KW  - crackvelocity formulations
KW  - exponential crack-velocity formulation
KW  - slow crack growth
N1  - Accession Number: 16567682; Choi, S. R. 1; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Nemeth, N. N. 1 Gyekenyesi, J. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p489; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: CERAMICS -- Fracture; Subject Term: TECHNICAL chemistry; Subject Term: BUILDING materials; Subject Term: MECHANICAL engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: advanced ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: constant stress-rate (‘dynamic fatigue’) testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: crackvelocity formulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: exponential crack-velocity formulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: slow crack growth; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416310 General-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00890.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Decker, K.L.M.
AU  - Potter, C.S.
AU  - Bebout, B.M.
AU  - Marais, D.J. Des
AU  - Carpenter, S.
AU  - Discipulo, M.
AU  - Hoehler, T.M.
AU  - Miller, S.R.
AU  - Thamdrup, B.
AU  - Turk, K.A.
AU  - Visscher, P.T.
T1  - Mathematical simulation of the diel O, S, and C biogeochemistry of a hypersaline microbial mat
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 395
SN  - 01686496
AB  - Abstract: The creation of a mathematical simulation model of photosynthetic microbial mats is important to our understanding of key biogeochemical cycles that may have altered the atmospheres and lithospheres of early Earth. A model is presented here as a tool to integrate empirical results from research on hypersaline mats from Baja California Sur (BCS), Mexico into a computational system that can be used to simulate biospheric inputs of trace gases to the atmosphere. The first version of our model, presented here, calculates fluxes and cycling of O2, sulfide, and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) via abiotic components and via four major microbial guilds: cyanobacteria (CYA), sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) and colorless sulfur bacteria (CSB). We used generalized Monod-type equations that incorporate substrate and energy limits upon maximum rates of metabolic processes such as photosynthesis and sulfate reduction. We ran a simulation using temperature and irradiance inputs from data collected from a microbial mat in Guerrero Negro in BCS (Mexico). Model O2, sulfide, and DIC concentration profiles and fluxes compared well with data collected in the field mats. There were some model-predicted features of biogeochemical cycling not observed in our actual measurements. For instance, large influxes and effluxes of DIC across the MBGC mat boundary may reveal previously unrecognized, but real, in situ limits on rates of biogeochemical processes. Some of the short-term variation in field-collected mat O2 was not predicted by MBGC. This suggests a need both for more model sensitivity to small environmental fluctuations for the incorporation of a photorespiration function into the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - SULFUR
KW  - Biogeochemistry
KW  - Carbon Microcoleus chthonoplastes
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Microbial mat
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Sulfur
N1  - Accession Number: 16992789; Decker, K.L.M. 1; Email Address: kdecker@mail.arc.nasa.gov Potter, C.S. 2 Bebout, B.M. 3 Marais, D.J. Des 3 Carpenter, S. 4 Discipulo, M. 5 Hoehler, T.M. 3 Miller, S.R. 6 Thamdrup, B. 7 Turk, K.A. 8 Visscher, P.T. 9; Affiliation:  1: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Orbital Corporation, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  6: National Research Council, Washington, DC 20001, USA  7: University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark  8: University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  9: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, Groton, CT 06304, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p377; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: SULFUR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon Microcoleus chthonoplastes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial mat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfur; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.12.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghoshal, Anindya
AU  - Kim, Heung Soo
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Prosser, William H.
T1  - Effect of delamination on transient history of smart composite plates
JO  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
JF  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 850
EP  - 874
SN  - 0168874X
AB  - Abstract: The transient analysis of delaminated composite and smart composite plates is studied using a newly developed improved layerwise laminate theory, extended to include large deformation and the interlaminar contact during ‘breathing’ phenomena in the delaminated zone. The theory is capable of capturing interlaminar shear stresses that are critical to delamination. The presence of multiple, discrete delaminations is modeled through the use of Heaviside step functions. Stress free boundary conditions are enforced at all free surfaces and continuity in displacement field and transverse shear stresses are enforced at each ply level. In modeling piezoelectric composite plates, a coupled piezoelectric-mechanical formulation is used in the development of the constitutive equations. Numerical analysis is conducted to investigate the effect of nonlinearity in the transient vibration, attributable to large displacements and rotations and to the coupled effect of the large deformation and bimodular behavior caused by the contact impact of delaminated interfaces. Composite plates with delaminations, subject to external loads and voltage history from surface bonded sensors, are investigated and the results are compared with corresponding linear transient history, experimental results and plates without delamination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Finite Elements in Analysis & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
N1  - Accession Number: 17696548; Ghoshal, Anindya 1; Email Address: ghoshaa@utrc.utc.com Kim, Heung Soo 2; Email Address: heungsookim@asu.edu Chattopadhyay, Aditi 3; Email Address: aditi@asu.edu Prosser, William H. 4; Email Address: William.H.Prosser@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Structural Integrity Group, United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA (formerly, National Research Council Associate, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center)  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 253 Yonghyun-Dong, Nam-Fu, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA  4: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, 3B East Taylor Street, Bldg 1230B/Rm 185, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 41 Issue 9/10, p850; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.finel.2004.10.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17696548&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parnell, John
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Green, Paul F.
AU  - Baron, Martin J.
T1  - Thermal alteration of organic matter in an impact crater and the duration of postimpact heating.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
EP  - 376
SN  - 00917613
AB  - The 24-km-diameter Tertiary Haughton impact structure formed in rocks that con- tained preexisting liquid hydrocarbons. Biomarker ratios in the hydrocarbons show a consistent pattern of variation in degree of heating across the structure. The heating reached a maximum at the crater center and is attributed to hydrothermal activity fol- lowing impact. Kinetic modeling suggests a time scale of ∼5 k.y. for the heating, at a maximum temperature of 210 °C. The short time scale suggests that in moderate-sized craters, which are abundant on Mars, heating is not so extensive that fossil or extant organic matter would be obliterated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - HEATING
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Tertiary
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL alteration
KW  - biomarkers
KW  - Haughton impact structure
KW  - impact craters
KW  - Mars
KW  - thermal alteration
KW  - thermal maturity
N1  - Accession Number: 17037522; Parnell, John 1 Osinski, Gordon R. 2 Lee, Pascal 3 Green, Paul F. 4 Baron, Martin J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK  2: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0077, USA  3: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  4: Geotrack International Pty Ltd., 37 Melville Road, Brunswick West, Victoria 3055, Australia; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 33 Issue 5, p373; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Tertiary; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL alteration; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomarkers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haughton impact structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal alteration; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal maturity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G21204.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pasek, Matthew A.
AU  - Milsom, John A.
AU  - Ciesla, Fred J.
AU  - Lauretta, Dante S.
AU  - Sharp, Christopher M.
AU  - Lunine, Jonathan I.
T1  - Sulfur chemistry with time-varying oxygen abundance during Solar System formation
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 175
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Chemical models of solar nebula chemistry are presented which show the influence of progressive water depletion from the inner solar nebula. The main focus of this work is the equilibrium distribution of S resulting from this process. Under canonical solar nebula conditions, H2S is the dominant S-bearing species in the gas phase and troilite (FeS) is the primary reservoir for S after condensation. As water vapor diffuses out to its condensation front, the equilibrium distribution of S changes significantly. With the removal of water vapor, SiS becomes the most abundant S-bearing gas and MgS and CaS compete with FeS as the main sulfide reservoir. These results allow us to argue that some of the minerals in the enstatite chondrites formed through the heterogeneities associated with the nebular ice condensation front, and that the sulfur abundance in Jupiter reflects a depletion in H2S that is the result of inner nebula sulfur chemistry under varying oxygen abundance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFUR
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - TROILITE
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - Cosmochemistry
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Solar nebula
N1  - Accession Number: 17665030; Pasek, Matthew A. 1; Email Address: mpasek@lpl.arizona.edu Milsom, John A. 2 Ciesla, Fred J. 3 Lauretta, Dante S. 1 Sharp, Christopher M. 4 Lunine, Jonathan I. 1; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, 1629 E University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Department of Physics, The University of Arizona, 1118 E Fourth Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 175 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SULFUR; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: TROILITE; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar nebula; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakosky, Bruce M.
AU  - Mellon, Michael T.
AU  - Varnes, E. Stacy
AU  - Feldman, William C.
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
T1  - Mars low-latitude neutron distribution: Possible remnant near-surface water ice and a mechanism for its recent emplacement
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 175
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 58
EP  - 67
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The Mars Odyssey Gamma-Ray Spectrometer/Neutron Spectrometer/High Energy Neutron Detector has provided measurements of near-surface hydrogen, generally interpreted as resulting from water, in the equatorial and mid-latitudes. Water abundances as great as 10% by mass are inferred. Although such high abundances could be present as adsorbed water in clays or water of hydration of magnesium salts, other measurements suggest that this is not likely. The spatial pattern of where the water is located is not consistent with a dependence on composition, topography, present-day atmospheric water abundance, latitude, or thermophysical properties. The zonal distribution of water shows two maxima and two minima, which is very reminiscent of a distribution that is related to an atmospheric phenomenon. We suggest that the high water abundances could be due to transient ground ice that is present in the top meter of the surface. Ice would be stable at tens-of-centimeters depth at these latitudes if the atmospheric water abundance were more than about several times the present value, much as ice is stable poleward of about ±60° latitude for current water abundances. Higher atmospheric water abundances could have resulted relatively recently, even with the present orbital elements, if the south-polar cap had lost its annual covering of CO2 ice; this would have exposed an underlying water-ice cap that could supply water to the atmosphere during southern summer. If this hypothesis is correct, then (i) the low-latitude water ice is unstable today and is in the process of sublimating and diffusing back into the atmosphere, and (ii) the current configuration of perennial CO2 ice being present on the south cap but not on the north cap might not be representative of the present epoch over the last, say, ten thousand years. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - HYDRATION
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars climate
KW  - Mars Odyssey
KW  - Neutrons
KW  - Water ice
N1  - Accession Number: 17665035; Jakosky, Bruce M. 1,2; Email Address: bruce.jakosky@lasp.colorado.edu Mellon, Michael T. 1 Varnes, E. Stacy 1 Feldman, William C. 3 Boynton, William V. 4 Haberle, Robert M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA  4: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 175 Issue 1, p58; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: LATITUDE; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: HYDRATION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Odyssey; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water ice; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17665035&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Owen, Tobias C.
AU  - Ore, Cristina Dalle
AU  - Geballe, Thomas R.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - de Bergh, Catherine
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Poulet, Francois
AU  - Benedix, Gretchen K.
AU  - Emery, Joshua P.
T1  - A spectroscopic study of the surfaces of Saturn's large satellites: H2O ice, tholins, and minor constituents
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 175
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 268
EP  - 283
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present spectra of Saturn''s icy satellites Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, and Hyperion, 1.0–2.5 μm, with data extending to shorter (Mimas and Enceladus) and longer (Rhea and Dione) wavelengths for certain objects. The spectral resolution () of the data shown here is in the range 800–1000, depending on the specific instrument and configuration used; this is higher than the resolution ( at 3 μm) afforded by the Visual-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer on the Cassini spacecraft. All of the spectra are dominated by water ice absorption bands and no other features are clearly identified. Spectra of all of these satellites show the characteristic signature of hexagonal H2O ice at 1.65 μm. We model the leading hemisphere of Rhea in the wavelength range 0.3–3.6 μm with the Hapke and the Shkuratov radiative transfer codes and discuss the relative merits of the two approaches to fitting the spectrum. In calculations with both codes, the only components used are H2O ice, which is the dominant constituent, and a small amount of tholin (Ice Tholin II). Tholin in small quantities (few percent, depending on the mixing mechanism) appears to be an essential component to give the basic red color of the satellite in the region 0.3–1.0 μm. The quantity and mode of mixing of tholin that can produce the intense coloration of Rhea and other icy satellites has bearing on its likely presence in many other icy bodies of the outer Solar System, both of high and low geometric albedos. Using the modeling codes, we also establish detection limits for the ices of CO2 (a few weight percent, depending on particle size and mixing), CH4 (same), and NH4OH (0.5 weight percent) in our globally averaged spectra of Rhea''s leading hemisphere. New laboratory spectral data for NH4OH are presented for the purpose of detection on icy bodies. These limits for CO2, CH4, and NH4OH on Rhea are also applicable to the other icy satellites for which spectra are presented here. The reflectance spectrum of Hyperion shows evidence for a broad, unidentified absorption band centered at 1.75 μm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SPECTROSCOPIC imaging
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - FROZEN desserts
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Ices
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - satellite ( Surfaces )
KW  - Satellites of Saturn
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 17665051; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: dale.p.cruikshank@nasa.gov Owen, Tobias C. 2 Ore, Cristina Dalle 1,3 Geballe, Thomas R. 4 Roush, Ted L. 1 de Bergh, Catherine 5 Sandford, Scott A. 1 Poulet, Francois 6 Benedix, Gretchen K. 7 Emery, Joshua P. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  3: SETI Institute, 2035 Landings Dr., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Gemini Observatory, 670 N. A'ohoku Pl., Hilo, HI 96720, USA  5: Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, Meudon Cedex 92195, France  6: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Bât. 121, Université de Paris-Sud, F91405 Orsay Cedex, France  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 175 Issue 1, p268; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPIC imaging; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: FROZEN desserts; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite ( Surfaces ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311814 Commercial bakeries and frozen bakery product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311520 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Love, Alison L.
AU  - Pang, Alex
AU  - Kao, David L.
T1  - Visualizing Spatial Multivalue Data.
JO  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
JF  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 79
SN  - 02721716
AB  - The article introduces multivalue data as a new data type in the context of scientific visualization. Multivalue data sets can be defined for multiple dimensions. A spatial multivalue data set consists of a multivalue datum at each physical location in the domain. While the term multidimensional data is often used interchangeably with multivariate data in literature from different disciplines, the authors want to make a clear distinction between their use in this article. Multidimensionality refers to the spatial and temporal dimensions of a data set, while multivariateness refers to the number of variables a data set describes. The authors propose three approaches to visualizing multivalue data sets. The first approach assumes that a statistical distribution can adequately represent the multivalue data. The second approach addresses the situation where that assumption does not hold and relies on shape descriptors to characterize each multivalue datum. The third approach provides a generalized methodology that uses mathematically and procedurally defined operators.
KW  - MULTIDIMENSIONAL databases
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - INFORMATION resources
KW  - INFORMATION science
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 16962611; Love, Alison L. 1; Email Address: alove@adobe.com Pang, Alex 1; Email Address: pang@cse.ucse.edu Kao, David L. 2; Email Address: David.L.Kao@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Santa Cruz  2: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p69; Subject Term: MULTIDIMENSIONAL databases; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources; Subject Term: INFORMATION science; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Dalton, Edan
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - Coupling Between Microstrip Lines With Finite Width Ground Plane Embedded in Thin-Film Circuits.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 320
EP  - 327
SN  - 15213323
AB  - Three-dimensional (3-D) interconnects built upon multiple layers of polyimide are required for constructing 3-D circuits on CMOS (low resistivity) Si wafers, GaAs, and ceramic substrates. Thin-film microstrip lines (TFMS) with finite-width ground planes embedded in the polyimide are often used. Howe ever, the closely spaced TFMS lines are susceptible to high levels of coupling, which degrades the circuit performance. In this paper, finite-difference time domain (FDTD) analysis and experimental measurements are used to demonstrate that the ground planes must be connected by via holes to reduce coupling in both the forward and backward directions. Furthermore, it is shown that coupled microstrip lines establish a slot line type mode between the two ground planes and a dielectric waveguide type mode, and that the connected via holes recommended here eliminate these two modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRIP transmission lines
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - THIN films
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - MULTICONDUCTOR transmission lines
N1  - Accession Number: 17052532; Ponchak, George E. 1 Dalton, Edan 2 Tentzeris, Manos M. 2 Papapolymerou, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.  2: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250 USA.; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p320; Subject Term: STRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: MULTICONDUCTOR transmission lines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TADVP.2005.846933
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17052532&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Booske, John H.
AU  - Converse, Mark C.
AU  - Kory, Carol L.
AU  - Chevalier, Christine T.
AU  - Gallagher, David A.
AU  - Kreischer, Kenneth E.
AU  - Heinen, Vernon O.
AU  - Bhattacharjee, Sudeep
T1  - Accurate Parametric Modeling of Folded Waveguide Circuits for Millimeter-Wave Traveling Wave Tubes.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 685
EP  - 694
SN  - 00189383
AB  - In this paper, results of different models are compared for calculating effective, cold-circuit (beam-free) phase velocities and interaction impedances of folded waveguide (FW) slow wave circuits for use in millimeter-wave traveling wave tubes (TWT). These parameters are needed for one-dimensional (1-D) parametric model simulations of FW traveling wave tubes (FWTWTs). The models investigated include approximate anas lytic expressions, equivalent circuit, three-dimensional (3-D) finite difference, and 3-D finite element. The phase velocity predictions are compared with experimental measurements of a representative FW circuit. The various model results are incorporated into the CHRISTINE1D code to obtain predictions of small signal gain in a 40-55 GHz FWTWT. Comparing simulated and measured frequency-dependent gain provides a sensitive, confirming assessment of the accuracy of the simulation tools. It is determined that the use of parametric 1-D TWT models for accurate, full band predictions of small signal gain in FWTWTs requires knowledge of phase velocity and impedance functions that are accurate to < 0.5% and <10%, respectively. Saturated gain predictions, being approximately half as sensitive to these parameters, appear to require correct specification of phase velocity and interaction impedance to within sim; 1% and 20%, respectively. Although all models generate sufficiently accurate predictions of the interaction impedance, not all generate sufficiently accurate predictions of the effective axial phase velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MILLIMETER wave devices
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - Folded waveguide
KW  - millimeter.wave
KW  - numerical simulation
KW  - traveling wave tube (TWT)
N1  - Accession Number: 16995701; Booske, John H. 1; Email Address: booske@engr.wisc.edu Converse, Mark C. 1 Kory, Carol L. 2 Chevalier, Christine T. 2 Gallagher, David A. 3 Kreischer, Kenneth E. 3 Heinen, Vernon O. 3 Bhattacharjee, Sudeep 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.  2: Analex Corporation, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.  3: Northrop Grumman Corporation, Rolling Meadows, IL 60008-1098 USA.; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p685; Subject Term: MILLIMETER wave devices; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Folded waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter.wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: traveling wave tube (TWT); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2005.845798
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=16995701&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KATIYAR, R. S.
AU  - JAIN, M.
AU  - KARAN, N. K.
AU  - BHALLA, A. S.
AU  - MIRANDA, F. A.
AU  - VAN KEULS, F. W.
T1  - COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF FERROELECTRIC THIN FILMS FOR HIGH FREQUENCY PHASE SHIFTER APPLICATIONS.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 19
SN  - 10584587
AB  - We have synthesized P 0.3 Sr 0.7 TiO 3 (PST30) thin films on platinum and lanthanum aluminate sustrates using chemical solution deposition technique. The films on platinum sustrate were polycrystalline, whereas the film on LAO sustrate was highly (100) oriented. These films were characterized for their structure, surface morphology, and dielectric properties. Dielectric measurements of the films on Pt were carried out using metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structure and that on LAO, using 50 finger inter-digitated electrodes. For high frequency (Ku and) measurements, eight element coupled phase shifters were deposited on the PST film on LAO and the characteristics were evaluated in terms of their phase shift and insertion losses. The figure of merit was found to be &nvsim; 49°/dB at 15.75 GHz, which is etter than the one otained for pure BST50 film (&nvsim; 33°/dB). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC thin films
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - SOLIDS
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - BST
KW  - dielectric constant
KW  - figure of merit
KW  - microwave
KW  - phase shifter
KW  - PST
N1  - Accession Number: 18189288; KATIYAR, R. S. 1; Email Address: rkatiyar@upracd.upr.clu.edu JAIN, M. 1 KARAN, N. K. 1 BHALLA, A. S. 2 MIRANDA, F. A. 3 VAN KEULS, F. W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, 00931, USA  2: Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA  4: The Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p11; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC thin films; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Author-Supplied Keyword: BST; Author-Supplied Keyword: dielectric constant; Author-Supplied Keyword: figure of merit; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase shifter; Author-Supplied Keyword: PST; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580590965014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MOSSI, KARLA
AU  - BRYANT, ROBERT
AU  - MANE, POORNA
T1  - PIEZOELECTRIC COMPOSITES AS BENDER ACTUATORS.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 232
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Lead Zirconate Titanate, PZT, layered into a composite with different materials, produces pre-stressed, curved, devices capable of enhanced displacement. This study focuses on Thunder and Lipca which are built using different combinations of constituent materials. Thunder devices consist of layers of aluminum, PZT, and stainless steel bonded with a hot-melt adhesive. Lipca devices consist of carbon and fiberglass layers with a PZT layer sandwiched in between them. Measuring out-of-plane displacement under load as a function of temperature is used to evaluate field-dependent stiffness. Results show that Lipca devices have higher stiffness than Thunder at 24°C, but lower at other temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - Lipca
KW  - piezoelectric actuators
KW  - piezoelectric devices
KW  - Thunder
N1  - Accession Number: 18189296; MOSSI, KARLA 1; Email Address: kmmossi@vcu.edu BRYANT, ROBERT 2 MANE, POORNA 1; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Commonwealth University, Mechanical Engineering, Richmond, VA, 23294, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p221; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lipca; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thunder; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580590964673
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18189296&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MOSSI, KARLA
AU  - CASTRO, NICOLAS D.
AU  - BRYANT, ROBERT
AU  - MANE, POORNA
T1  - BOUNDARY CONDITION EFFECTS ON PIEZO-SYNTHETIC JETS.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 266
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Three circular piezoelectric actuators: Bimorph, Thunder, and Radial Field Diaphragm (RFD) function as oscillating diaphragms within a cavity to produce a zero net mass flux air jet. To characterize each diaphragm, displacement response and vibrational characteristics with varying mechanical and electrical boundary conditions were investigated using a saw tooth waveform at 5 Hz. Clamping pressure around the perimeter of each actuator and gain dampening feedback of the amplifier were varied to statistically evaluate their significance on displacement. The results showed that displacement variations due to clamping pressure for all actuators are significant, with those for RFD at the highest levels, 17–18%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - AIR jets
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - Bimorph
KW  - displacement
KW  - Radial Field Diaphragms
KW  - Thunder
N1  - Accession Number: 18189284; MOSSI, KARLA 1; Email Address: kmmossi@vcu.edu CASTRO, NICOLAS D. 1 BRYANT, ROBERT 2 MANE, POORNA 1; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Commonwealth University, Mechanical Engineering, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p257; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: AIR jets; Subject Term: AIR flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bimorph; Author-Supplied Keyword: displacement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radial Field Diaphragms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thunder; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580590965681
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18189284&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BRYANT, R. G.
AU  - MOSSI, K. M.
AU  - ROBBINS, J. A.
AU  - BATHEL, B. F.
T1  - THE CORRELATION OF ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF PRESTRESSED UNIMORPHS AS A FUNCTION OF MECHANICAL STRAIN AND DISPLACEMENT.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
EP  - 287
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Prestressed Unimorph-type actuators are being adapted for industrial applications previously not envisioned for piezoelectric based technology. These include electronically controlled diesel valve injectors, non-resonance fluidic pumps and low-stroke linear motors. To expand the range of applications and refine the design of these actuators for additional technologies, the effects of load placement, force distribution and mounting must be investigated in order to retrofit existing devices and systems. This research uses several sets of multi-strain gauged THUNDER actuators mounted in a fully compliant test fixture equipped with an LVDT and weight system and to characterize the room temperature strain and displacement as a function of mechanical loading. The results will be used to refine computational models that aid in the design of these actuators for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - PUMPING machinery
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - HYDRAULIC machinery
KW  - NASA actuators
KW  - Piezoelectric actuators
KW  - PZT strain
KW  - THUNDER
N1  - Accession Number: 18189290; BRYANT, R. G. 1; Email Address: robert.g.bryant@nasa.gov MOSSI, K. M. 2 ROBBINS, J. A. 2 BATHEL, B. F. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA  2: Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Engineering, Richmond, VA, 23294, USA  3: NASA LaRC USRP, University of Iowa, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p267; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: PUMPING machinery; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: HYDRAULIC machinery; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoelectric actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: PZT strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: THUNDER; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333911 Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333910 Pump and compressor manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580590965726
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dyson, Rodger W.
T1  - Demonstration of ultra hi-fi (UHF) methods.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 327
SN  - 10618562
AB  - Computational aero-acoustics (CAA) requires efficient, high-resolution simulation tools. Most current techniques utilize finite-difference approaches because high order accuracy is considered too difficult or expensive to achieve with finite volume or finite element methods. However, a novel finite volume approach i.e. ultra hi-fi (UHF) which utilizes Hermite fluxes is presented which can achieve both arbitrary accuracy and fidelity in space and time. The technique can be applied to unstructured grids with some loss of fidelity or with multi-block structured grids for maximum efficiency and resolution. In either paradigm, it is possible to resolve ultra-short waves (defined as waves having wavelengths that are shorter than a grid cell). This is demonstrated here by solving the 4th CAA workshop Category 1 Problem 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CAD/CAM systems
KW  - HERMITE polynomials
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - CAA
KW  - CFD
KW  - Multi-domain spectral methods
KW  - UHF methods
N1  - Accession Number: 18590311; Dyson, Rodger W. 1; Email Address: rodger.w.dyson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA.; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p321; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CAD/CAM systems; Subject Term: HERMITE polynomials; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations -- Numerical solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAA; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-domain spectral methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: UHF methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560500214214
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Gyekenyesi, John P.
T1  - Load-rate dependency of ultimate tensile strength in ceramic matrix composites at elevated temperatures
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 510
SN  - 01421123
AB  - Abstract: Ultimate tensile strength of three continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites, including SiCf/CAS-II (1D), SiCf/MAS-5 (2D) and SiCf/SiC (2D), was determined as a function of load (test) rate in air at 1100–1200°C. All three composites exhibited a significant dependency of ultimate tensile strength on test rate. The application of the preload technique as well as the prediction of life from one loading configuration (constant stress-rate) to another (constant stress) suggested that the overall phenomenological macroscopic failure mechanism of the composites would be a power-law type of slow crack growth or damage evolution/accumulation. It was further found that constant stress-rate testing could be used as an alternative to life prediction test methodology for ceramic matrix composites, at least for a short range of lifetimes and when ultimate tensile strength is used as a failure criterion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites
KW  - Slow crack growth
KW  - Stress rupture
KW  - Tensile strength
N1  - Accession Number: 17343637; Choi, Sung R.; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Gyekenyesi, John P. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p503; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slow crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress rupture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tensile strength; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.10.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amador, José J.
AU  - Green, Robert W.
T1  - Symmetric-key block cipher for image and text cryptography<FNR></FNR><FN>This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. </FN>.
JO  - International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology
JF  - International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 178
EP  - 188
SN  - 08999457
AB  - Public-key cryptography has been widely accepted as the method in which data is encrypted, using algorithms such as the widely known and popularly used RSA algorithm. However, management of the public-key and its storage is an on-going issue. To avoid these problems the symmetric-key approach can be taken, where there is only one key and it must be kept secret. Presented in this paper is a new cipher based on symmetric-key cryptography, called the NASA/Kennedy Cipher (N/KC), and further designed as a block cipher using 128-bit blocks. The minimum key size is set at 128 bits with a maximum allowable of 2048 bits, modulus 2. The main focus of this work is encryption of image data for the purpose of protecting intellectual properties. However, empirical results are presented on N/KC's ability of encrypting and decrypting text data in the form of vectors and documents as well. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 15, 178–188, 2005 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Imaging Systems & Technology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIPHERS
KW  - CRYPTOGRAPHY
KW  - DATA encryption (Computer science)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - INTELLECTUAL property
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - block cipher
KW  - cryptanalysis
KW  - cryptography
KW  - symmetric-key
N1  - Accession Number: 18636519; Amador, José J. 1; Email Address: Jose.J.Amador@nasa.gov Green, Robert W. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, KSC, FL 32899  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Alabama A&M University, Normal, AL 35762; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p178; Subject Term: CIPHERS; Subject Term: CRYPTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: DATA encryption (Computer science); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: INTELLECTUAL property; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: block cipher; Author-Supplied Keyword: cryptanalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: cryptography; Author-Supplied Keyword: symmetric-key; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ottens, Andrew K.
AU  - Arkin, C. Richard
AU  - Griffin, Timothy P.
AU  - Palmer, Peter T.
AU  - Harrison, W.W.
T1  - Ion-molecule reactions in quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry: implications for lightweight gas analysis
JO  - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
JF  - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 243
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 39
SN  - 13873806
AB  - Abstract: The novel application of a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer (QITMS) to permanent gas analysis was recently presented by our laboratory. The quantitative performance of the QITMS equaled or surpassed that of other mass analyzers evaluated; however, concern was raised as to the impact of ion-molecule reactions observed within the ion trap. Hydrogen, helium, oxygen, and argon, four permanent gases currently monitored during Space Shuttle launch preparations by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, were examined in their reactions with common atmospheric and mass spectrometer background components. Rapid charge-exchange and protonation reactions occurred. Greater than 99.8% of hydrogen and 98% of helium ions trapped are lost during a scan cycle predominately through reactions with background nitrogen. The neutralization rate of argon ions varied with water concentration, while increased concentrations of all three gases inflated the oxygen ion signal intensity through charge-exchange. Although such dramatic effects challenge the analytical sensitivity and robustness of QITMS for permanent gas analysis, through proper understanding and control of relevant experimental conditions the QITMS can still function in monitoring applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - GASES
KW  - ION traps
KW  - Charge-exchange
KW  - Ion trap
KW  - Ion-molecule reaction
KW  - Permanent gas analysis
KW  - Proton transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 17639908; Ottens, Andrew K. 1; Email Address: aottens@mbi.ufl.edu Arkin, C. Richard 2; Email Address: richard.arkin-1@ksc.nasa.gov Griffin, Timothy P. 3; Email Address: timothy.p.griffin@nasa.gov Palmer, Peter T. 4; Email Address: palmer@sfsu.edu Harrison, W.W. 1; Email Address: harrison@chem.ufl.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, PO Box 117200, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA  2: ASRC Aerospace, Mailstop ASRC-14, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mailstop YA-F2-C, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  4: San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 243 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: ION traps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charge-exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion trap; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion-molecule reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permanent gas analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proton transfer; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.12.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodson, S. H.
AU  - Green, B. E.
AU  - Chung, J. J.
AU  - Grove, D. V.
AU  - Parikh, P. C.
AU  - Forsythe, J. R.
T1  - Understanding Abrupt Wing Stall with Computational Fluid Dynamics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 578
EP  - 585
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes the computational-fluid-dynamics efforts and lessons learned during the four-year Abrupt Wing Stall national research program. The paper details the complex nature of the transonic flows encountered by modern U.S. fighter and attack aircraft during transonic maneuvering conditions. Topics include grid resolution, computational memory and processor requirements, turbulence modeling, steady and unsteady calculations, and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions compared with detached-eddy simulations for this highly complex, viscously dominated, shock-induced, massively separated class of flow. Examples include results obtained for F/A-18C, AV-8B, preproduction F/A-18E, and F-16C aircraft undergoing transonic maneuvering conditions. Various flap settings have been modeled and the computational results compared with extensive wind-tunnel data. The comparisons illustrate the results obtained from both structured and unstructured codes. The utility and accuracy of the various computational solvers is evaluated by qualitative comparisons of surface oil flow and pressure-sensitive-paint results obtained in wind tunnels for some of the models as well as by detailed quantitative pressure coefficient data where experimental results exist. Static lift coefficients are compared between the codes as well as the experimental data for each of the aircraft considered in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - TRANSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 17499809; Woodson, S. H. 1,2 Green, B. E. 1,3 Chung, J. J. 1,3 Grove, D. V. 1,3 Parikh, P. C. 2,4 Forsythe, J. R. 3,5; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Associate Professor, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p578; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McMillin, S. Naomi
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Lamar, John E.
T1  - Transonic Experimental Observations of Abrupt Wing Stall on an F/A-18E Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 586
EP  - 599
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A transonic wind-tunnel test of an 8% F/A-18E model was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 16 ft Transonic Tunnel to investigate on-surface flow physics during stall. The technical approach employed focused on correlating static (or time-averaged) and unsteady wind-tunnel test data to the unsteady wing-stall events using force, moment, pressure, and pressure-sensitive-paint measurements. This paper focuses on data obtained on the preproduction configuration of the F/A-18E aircraft at Mach number of 0.90. The flow unsteadiness occurring on the wing as the wing went through the stall process was captured using the time histories of balance and pressure measurements and by calculating the root mean square (rms) for a number of instrument signals. The second step was to gather global perspectives on the pressures influencing the wing-stall process. The abrupt wing stall experienced by the 8% F/A-18E model was observed to be an unsteady event triggered by the rapid advancement of separation, which had migrated forward from the trailing edge, to the leading-edge flap hingeline over a very small increment in angle of attack. The angle of attack at which this stall occurred varied, from run to run, over a 1-deg increment. The abrupt wing stall was observed, using pressure-sensitive paint, to occur simultaneously on both wing panels or asymmetrically. The pressure-sensitive-paint data and wing-root bending-moment data were essential in providing insight to the flow structures occurring over the wing and the possible asymmetry of those flow structures. A repeatability analysis conducted on eight runs of static data provided a quick and inexpensive examination of the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of abrupt wing stall. The results of the repeatability analysis agreed extremely well with data obtained using unsteady measurement techniques. This approach could be used to identify test conditions for more complex unsteady data measurements using special inst... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 17499810; McMillin, S. Naomi 1 Hall, Robert M. 1,2 Lamar, John E. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, M/S 499, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p586; Subject Term: TRANSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parikh, Paresh
AU  - Chung, James
T1  - Computational Study of the Abrupt-Wing-Stall Characteristics of F/A-18E and F-16C.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 600
EP  - 605
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Steady-state computational-fluid-dynamic (CFD) simulations are used to gain an understanding of the physics behind the abrupt-wing-stall (AWS) phenomenon and to arrive at static figures of merit (FOMs). Navier--Stokes solutions are obtained using the NASA Langley Research Center developed TetrUSS simulation suite, which is based on tetrahedral, unstructured grids. The physics of the AWS phenomenon is understood by comparing CFD simulation results on two aircraft; a preproduction F/A-18E configuration, which exhibits AWS phenomenon under certain geometric and flow conditions, and an F-16C aircraft configuration that does not. The computational results are used to understand the possible causes of AWS by comparing the detailed flowfields between the two configurations under a variety of flow conditions. Based on this approach, a number of static figures of merit are developed to predict AWS. The potential FOMs include the break in the lift and wing-root bending moment vs angle of attack α and the rate of change of sectional lift with respect to α. A companion paper describes a similar study for the AV-8B Harrier and F/A-18C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - F-16 (Jet fighter plane)
KW  - BENDING moment
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 17499811; Parikh, Paresh 1,2 Chung, James 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670  4: Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p600; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: F-16 (Jet fighter plane); Subject Term: BENDING moment; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodson, S. H.
AU  - Green, B. E.
AU  - Chung, J. J.
AU  - Grove, D. V.
AU  - Parikh, P. C.
AU  - Forsythe, J. R.
T1  - Recommendations for Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Procedures for Predicting Abrupt Wing Stall.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 627
EP  - 633
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper summarizes the lessons learned from the computational-fluid-dynamics effort of the joint NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program, discusses the results, and makes recommendations for approaches to be used in future aircraft programs to identify uncommanded lateral characteristics early in the design phase of an aircraft development program. The discussion also suggests procedures and figures of merit for use in predicting and quantifying rapid and severe wing-stall tendencies and vulnerabilities of the proposed designs. Topics addressed include critical parameters that can be used to identify uncommanded lateral activity in the transonic flow regime and the geometric parameters that were the primary contributors to the adverse lateral activity observed on preproduction F/A-18E/F aircraft. In addition, differences in steady-state and averaged time-accurate computational solutions for the F/A-18E in the abrupt-wing-stall region of interest are analyzed and compared with existing unsteady experimental data to determine the utility and accuracy of the unsteady approach. Lastly, proposed computational figures of merit are critically evaluated as indicators of possible abrupt separation tendencies, and screening procedures for the identification of those tendencies are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NEAR misses (Aeronautics)
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
N1  - Accession Number: 17499814; Woodson, S. H. 1,2 Green, B. E. 1,3 Chung, J. J. 1,3 Grove, D. V. 1,3 Parikh, P. C. 2,4 Forsythe, J. R. 3,5; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Associate Professor, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p627; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NEAR misses (Aeronautics); Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cook, Stephen P.
AU  - Kokolios, Alexander
AU  - Page, Anthony
AU  - Chambers, Joseph
AU  - Niewoehner, Robert
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - Roesch, Michael
T1  - Integrated Approach to Assessment of Transonic Abrupt Wing Stall for Advanced Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 646
EP  - 652
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Abrupt wing stall at transonic flight conditions can result in uncommanded rolling motions that have historically degraded flying qualities, compromised mission performance, and reduced safety of flight for a variety of aircraft. Recently, a U.S. government research program, the Abrupt Wing Stall Program, has advanced the state of the art in detection of abrupt wing stall through computational fluid dynamics, experimental aerodynamics, and flight dynamics. It is therefore essential that these tools be combined into an integrated approach that not only provides for the identification of abrupt wing stall, but also allows for the resulting flight characteristics to be assessed and the risks to the aircraft program be mitigated. The primary means of assessing the flying qualities impacts of transonic abrupt wing stall is through the construction of an aircraft math model that can accurately characterize the dynamic response to abrupt stall. The primary means of mitigating program risks is through the inclusion of free-to-roll wind-tunnel testing in the acquisition plan. Recommendations for assessing transonic abrupt wing stall are presented for the aircraft designer and for the program manager. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - RISK management in business
N1  - Accession Number: 17499817; Cook, Stephen P. 1,2 Kokolios, Alexander 1,3 Page, Anthony 1,2 Chambers, Joseph 2,4 Niewoehner, Robert 2,5 Owens, D. Bruce 3,6 Roesch, Michael 2,7; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670  2: Member AIAA  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: Aerospace Engineer, Ball Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23669  5: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402  6: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23669  7: Principal Engineer, Stability and Control, The Boeing Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63166; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p646; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: RISK management in business; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Woodson, Shawn H.
AU  - Chambers, Joseph R.
T1  - Accomplishments of the Abrupt-Wing-Stall Program.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 660
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Abrupt-Wing-Stall (AWS) Program has addressed the problem of uncommanded lateral motions, such as wing drop and wing rock, at transonic speeds. The genesis of this program was the experience of the F/A-18E/F program in the late 1990s, when wing drop was discovered in the heart of the maneuver envelope for the preproduction aircraft. Although the F/A-18E/F problem was subsequently corrected by a leading-edge flap scheduling change and the addition of a porous door to the wing fold fairing, the AWS program was initiated as a national response to the lack of technology readiness at the time of the F/A-18E/F development program. The AWS program objectives were to define causal factors for the F/A-18E/F experience, to gain insights into the flow physics associated with wing drop, and to develop methods and analytical tools so that future programs could identify this type of problem before going to flight test. The major goals of the AWS Program, the status of the technology before the program began, the program objectives, the accomplishments, and the impacts are reviewed. Lessons learned are presented for the benefit of programs that must assess whether a future vehicle will have uncommanded lateral motions before going to flight test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - FIGHTER planes
N1  - Accession Number: 17499818; Hall, Robert M. 1,2 Woodson, Shawn H. 2,3 Chambers, Joseph R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland 20670  4: Senior Consultant, Systems Division, Ball Aerospace, Fairborn, Ohio 45324; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p653; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhargava, Chirag
AU  - Loth, Eric
AU  - Potapczuk, Mark
T1  - Simulating the Aerodynamics of the NASA John H. Glenn Icing Research Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 671
EP  - 684
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The objective of this study is to develop and employ a numerical simulation strategy for predicting the airflow from the spray bars to the test section of the NASA John H. Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT). In particular, predictions of the mean velocity and turbulence distributions were desired throughout this flow domain to later investigate droplet dispersion. Computational airflow results were produced using the WIND code (developed by NPARC) with a second-order accurate finite difference scheme and the shear stress transport k-Ω urbulence model. The inflow conditions for the flow domain were derived from the IRT measurements just upstream of the spray bars, which reflected the contributions to turbulence from the upstream heat exchanger wake. It was found that inclusion of the spray bar wakes and the air jets (of the spray nozzles) were required to describe the wind-tunnel turbulence distribution. Because it was impractical to simultaneously resolve the overall flow domain (60 ft long), along with the detailed flow around the 10 spray bars and the flow within a hundred air jets (issuing from 1/8-in. nozzle diameters), these features were simulated individually and then algebraically combined together to give an approximate solution. The results of the spray bar wake combined with the heat exchanger flow yielded good prediction of test section mean velocity and turbulence for the jets-off condition. Inclusion of all of the individual air jets also yielded reasonable resulting predictions of mean velocity and turbulence in the test section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 17499821; Bhargava, Chirag 1,2 Loth, Eric 3; Email Address: e-loth@uiuc.edu Potapczuk, Mark 4; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Research Student, Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  2: Member AIAA  3: Professor, Department of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering, 306 Talbot Laboratory, 104 South Wright Street, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  4: Aerospace Engineer, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p671; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Margalit, S.
AU  - Greenblatt, D.
AU  - Seifert, A.
AU  - Wygnanski, I.
T1  - Delta Wing Stall and Roll Control Using Segmented Piezoelectric Fluidic Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 698
EP  - 709
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The separated flow around a balance-mounted, 60-deg sweptback, semispan delta wing with a sharp leading edge was controlled using zero-mass-flux periodic excitation from a segmented leading-edge slot. Excitation was generated by cavity-installed piezoelectric actuators operating at resonance with amplitude modulation (AM) and burst mode (BM) signals being used to achieve reduced frequencies (scaled with the freestream velocity and the root chord) in the range from ??(1) to ??(10). Results of a parametric investigation, studying the effects of AM frequency, BM duty cycle and frequency, excitation amplitude, location of the actuation along the leading edge, and optimal phase difference between the actuators, as well as the Reynolds number, are reported and discussed. Balance data were supplemented by upper surface static pressure measurements and particle image velocimetry (PIV) data. Order unity reduced-frequency modulation of the high-frequency carrier wave increased the normal force generated by the delta wing most effectively. BM with a duty cycle that was as low as 5% was more effective than the amplitude-modulated signal with larger peak excitation velocity and an order of magnitude larger momentum input. PIV data suggest that excitation enhances the momentum transfer across the shear layer, downstream of the original vortex breakdown location, generating a streamwise vortex the size of which is commensurate with the local wing span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 17499823; Margalit, S. 1 Greenblatt, D. 2,3 Seifert, A. 1,4 Wygnanski, I. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel  2: Research Associate, Department of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel  3: Resident Research Associate, National Research Council, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  4: Associate Fellow AIAA  5: Professor, Department of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel  6: AME Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p698; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiquan Dong
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Baike Xi
T1  - A Climatology of Midlatitude Continental Clouds from the ARM SGP Central Facility: Part I: Low-Level Cloud Macrophysical, Microphysical, and Radiative Properties.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 18
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1391
EP  - 1410
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - A record of single-layer and overcast low cloud (stratus) properties has been generated using approximately 4000 h of data collected from January 1997 to December 2002 at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains Central Facility (SCF). The cloud properties include liquid-phase and liquid-dominant mixed-phase low cloud macrophysical, microphysical, and radiative properties including cloud-base and -top heights and temperatures, and cloud physical thickness derived from a ground-based radar and lidar pair, and rawinsonde sounding; cloud liquid water path (LWP) and content (LWC), and cloud-droplet effective radius (re) and number concentration (N) derived from the macrophysical properties and radiometer data; and cloud optical depth (τ), effective solar transmission (γ), and cloud/top-of-atmosphere albedos (Rcldy/RTOA) derived from Eppley precision spectral pyranometer measurements. The cloud properties were analyzed in terms of their seasonal, monthly, and hourly variations. In general, more stratus clouds occur during winter and spring than in summer. Cloud-layer altitudes and physical thicknesses were higher and greater in summer than in winter with averaged physical thicknesses of 0.85 and 0.73 km for day and night, respectively. The seasonal variations of LWP, LWC, N, τ, Rcldy, and RTOA basically follow the same pattern with maxima and minima during winter and summer, respectively. There is no significant variation in mean re, however, despite a summertime peak in aerosol loading. Although a considerable degree of variability exists, the 6-yr average values of LWP, LWC, re, N, τ, γ, Rcldy, and RTOA are 151 gm-2 (138), 0.245 gm-3 (0.268), 8.7 μm (8.5), 213 cm-3 (238), 26.8 (24.8), 0.331, 0.672, and 0.563 for daytime (nighttime). A new conceptual model of midlatitude continental low clouds at the ARM SGP site has been developed from this study. The low stratus cloud amount monotonically increases from midnight to early morning (0930 LT), and remains large until around local noon, then declines until 1930 LT when it levels off for the remainder of the night. In the morning, the stratus cloud layer is low, warm, and thick with less LWC, while in the afternoon it is high, cold, and thin with more LWC. Future parts of this series will consider other cloud types and cloud radiative forcing at the ARM SCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - STRATUS clouds
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 17189892; Xiquan Dong 1; Email Address: dong@aero.und.edu Minnis, Patrick 2 Baike Xi 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota  2: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p1391; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: STRATUS clouds; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holtzclaw, J. D.
AU  - Morris, Lee G.
AU  - Pyatt, Robert
AU  - Giver, Cynthia S.
AU  - Hoey, Joseph
AU  - Haynes, J. K.
AU  - Gunn, Robert B.
AU  - Eaton, Douglas
AU  - Eisen, Arri
T1  - FIRST.
JO  - Journal of College Science Teaching
JF  - Journal of College Science Teaching
Y1  - 2005/05//May/Jun2005
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 29
SN  - 0047231X
AB  - Provides information on Fellowships in Research and Science Teaching (FIRST), a collaborative project involving Emory University and the schools of the Atlanta University Center aimed to address the problems in science education scholarship.  Goals of FIRST; Information on the teaching course taught during the first year of FIRST: Career development opportunities in the program.
KW  - TEACHING -- Scholarships, fellowships, etc.
KW  - RESEARCH -- Study & teaching
KW  - SCIENCE -- Study & teaching
KW  - CAREER development
KW  - LEARNING & scholarship
KW  - SCHOLARSHIPS
KW  - EMORY University
N1  - Accession Number: 16834595; Holtzclaw, J. D. 1; Email Address: david.holtzclaw1@jsc.nasa.gov Morris, Lee G. 2; Email Address: lobsterstg@yahoo.com Pyatt, Robert 3; Email Address: rpyatt@learnlink.emory.edu Giver, Cynthia S. 4; Email Address: cgiver@emory.edu Hoey, Joseph 5; Email Address: joseph.hoey@oars.gatech.edu Haynes, J. K. 6; Email Address: jhaynes@morehouse.edu Gunn, Robert B. 7; Email Address: rbgunn@emory.edu Eaton, Douglas 8; Email Address: deaton@emory.edu Eisen, Arri 9; Email Address: aesin@emory.edu; Affiliation:  1: Postdoctoral fellow at the Lundon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code SK, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058  2: Institute for Biomedical Philosophy, 3210 Woodlynne Way, Atlanta, GA 30340  3: Postdoctoral fellow in Clinical Genetics in the Department of Pathology, Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Room 173, Columbus, OH 43210  4: Postdoctoral fellow at the Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Suite 1003, Atlanta, GA 30322  5: Director of the Georgia Teach Office of Assessment, A. French Building, Room 210,237 Uncle Heinie Way, Atlanta, GA 30332-0325  6: Professor and the dean of Science and Mathematics in the Department of Biology at Morehouse College, 830 Westview Drive, SW, Atlanta, GA 30314  7: Professor and FIRST Director in the Department of Physiology at Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322  8: Professor and FIRST codirector in the Department of Physiology at Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322  9: Senior lecturer and biology and teaching coordinator in the FIRST Department of Biology, 1510 Clifton Road, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; Source Info: May/Jun2005, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p24; Subject Term: TEACHING -- Scholarships, fellowships, etc.; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: SCIENCE -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: CAREER development; Subject Term: LEARNING & scholarship; Subject Term: SCHOLARSHIPS; Company/Entity: EMORY University; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611430 Professional and Management Development Training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813211 Grantmaking Foundations; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Sharpe, S.W.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
AU  - Boulet, C.
AU  - Bouanich, J.P.
T1  - A multispectrum analysis of the ν2 band of H12C14N: Part I. Intensities, broadening, and shift coefficients
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 231
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 84
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Abstract: Absolute intensities, self- and air-broadening coefficients, self- and air-induced shift coefficients and their temperature dependences have been determined for lines belonging to the P- and R-branches of the ν2 band of H12C14N centered near 712cm−1. Infrared spectra of HCN in the 14-μm region were obtained at high resolution (0.002–0.008cm−1) using two different Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS), the McMath-Pierce FTS at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak and the Bruker IFS 120HR FTS at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Spectra were recorded with 99.8% pure HCN as well as lean mixtures of HCN in air at various temperatures ranging between +26 and −60°C. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares technique was used to fit selected intervals of 36 spectra simultaneously to obtain the line positions, intensities, broadening, and shift parameters. The measured line intensities were analyzed to determine the vibrational band intensity and the Herman–Wallis coefficients. The measured self-broadening coefficients vary between 0.2 and 1.2cm−1atm−1 at 296K, and the air-broadening coefficients range from 0.08 to 0.14cm−1atm−1 at 296K. The temperature dependence exponents of self-broadening range from 1.46 to −0.12 while the corresponding exponents for air broadening vary between 0.58 and 0.86. The present measurements are the first known determination of negative values for the temperature dependence exponents of HCN-broadening coefficients. We were able to support our self-broadening measurements with appropriate theoretical calculations. Our present measurements are compared, where possible, with previous measurements for this and other HCN bands, as well as the parameters that are included in the 2000 and 2004 editions of the high-resolution transmission (HITRAN) database. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - Absolute intensity
KW  - Broadening and pressure shift coefficients
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - HCN
KW  - Infrared spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 16934832; Devi, V. Malathy 1 Benner, D. Chris 1; Email Address: dcbenn@wm.edu Smith, M.A.H. 2 Rinsland, C.P. 2 Predoi-Cross, A. 3 Sharpe, S.W. 4 Sams, R.L. 4 Boulet, C. 5 Bouanich, J.P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Department of Physics, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4  4: Mail Stop K8-88, Battelle Boulevard, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA  5: Laboratoire de Photophysique Moleculaire, Bâtiment 210, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 231 Issue 1, p66; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absolute intensity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadening and pressure shift coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2004.12.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bouanich, J.P.
AU  - Boulet, C.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Sharpe, S.W.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
T1  - A multispectrum analysis of the ν2 band of H12C14N: Part II. Theoretical calculations of self-broadening, self-induced shifts, and their temperature dependences
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 231
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
EP  - 95
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Abstract: A semiclassical theory based upon the Robert–Bonamy formalism has been developed to explain the experimental measurements of self-broadening, self-induced pressure shift coefficients in the ν1,ν2, 2ν2 bands of H12C14N and the 2ν1 band of H13C14N, as well as the temperature dependences of these parameters with special emphasis on the ν2 band. Our calculations include only electrostatic interactions and neglect the vibrational dependence of the isotropic part of the intermolecular potential, which probably has a weak contribution to the HCN self-shifts for the bands investigated in this study. The agreement between theory and measurements is good in the cases of self-broadening coefficients and their variation with temperature, as well as the self-shift coefficients determined at room temperature. However, the observed temperature dependence of self-shift coefficients in the ν2 band is different from that derived theoretically. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - FTIR spectroscopy
KW  - HCN
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Theoretical broadening and shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 16934833; Bouanich, J.P. 1 Boulet, C. 1 Predoi-Cross, A. 2 Sharpe, S.W. 3 Sams, R.L. 3 Smith, M.A.H. 4 Rinsland, C.P. 4 Benner, D. Chris 5 Devi, V. Malathy 5; Email Address: m.d.venkataraman@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Université de Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 350, 91405 Orsay, France  2: Department of Physics, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada TIK 3M4  3: Mail stop K8-88, Battelle Boulevard, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), P.O.Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401 A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  5: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 231 Issue 1, p85; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTIR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Theoretical broadening and shifts; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2004.12.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Mahieu, Emmanuel
AU  - Zander, Rodolphe
AU  - Chiou, Linda S.
AU  - Hannigan, James W.
AU  - Wood, Stephen W.
AU  - Elkins, James W.
T1  - Long-term evolution in the tropospheric concentration of chlorofluorocarbon 12 (CCl2F2) derived from high-spectral resolution infrared solar absorption spectra: retrieval and comparison with in situ surface measurements
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 92
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 209
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The average tropospheric volume mixing ratios of chlorofluorocarbon 12 (CCl2F2) have been retrieved from high-spectral resolution ground-based infrared solar-absorption spectra recorded from March 1982 to October 2003 with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer at the US National Solar Observatory facility on Kitt Peak in southern Arizona (31.9°N, 111.6°W, 2.09km altitude). The retrievals are based on fits to the unresolved band Q-branches near using the SFIT2 retrieval algorithm. The annual increase rate was equal to parts per trillion by volume at the beginning of the time series, March 1982, or , 1 sigma, declining progressively to parts per trillion, by volume at the end, October 2003, or , 1 sigma. Average tropospheric mixing ratios from the solar spectra have been compared with average surface flask and in situ sampling measurements from the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) station at Niwot Ridge, CO, (USA) (40.0°N, 105.5°W, 3013m altitude). The average ratio and standard deviation of the monthly means of the retrieved tropospheric mixing ratios relative to the CMDL surface mixing ratios is for the overlapping time period. Both datasets demonstrate the progressive impact of the Montreal protocol and its strengthening amendments on the trend of CCl2F2, though a tropospheric decrease has yet to be observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - EXCITON theory
KW  - ORGANOCHLORINE compounds
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Chlorofluorocarbons
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 19274454; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Goldman, Aaron 2 Mahieu, Emmanuel 3 Zander, Rodolphe 3 Chiou, Linda S. 4 Hannigan, James W. 5 Wood, Stephen W. 6 Elkins, James W. 7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences Competency, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  3: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium  4: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, VA, USA  5: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  6: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Lauder, Private Bag 50061, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand  7: NOAA/CMDL R/CMDL1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 92 Issue 2, p201; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Subject Term: ORGANOCHLORINE compounds; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorofluorocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.07.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Randall, David A.
T1  - Numerical Simulations of Interactions between Gravity Waves and Deep Moist Convection.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/05//5/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1480
EP  - 1496
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study uses a numerical model to simulate deep convection both in the Tropics over the ocean and the midlatitudes over land. The vertical grid that was used extends into the stratosphere, allowing for the simultaneous examination of the convection and the vertically propagating gravity waves that it generates. A large number of trajectories are used to evaluate the behavior of tracers in the troposphere, and it is found that the tracers can be segregated into different types based upon their position in a diagram of normalized vertical velocity versus displacement. Conditional sampling is also used to identify updrafts in the troposphere and calculate their contribution to the kinetic energy budget of the troposphere. In addition, Fourier analysis is used to characterize the waves in the stratosphere; it was found that the waves simulated in this study have similarities to those observed and simulated by other researchers. Finally, this study examines the wave energy flux as a means to provide a link between the tropospheric behavior of the convection and the strength of the waves in the stratosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17239773; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1,2; Email Address: z.a.eitzen@larc.nasa.gov Randall, David A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Source Info: 5/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 5, p1480; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Friedmann, E. Imre
AU  - Sun, Henry J.
T1  - Communities Adjust their Temperature Optima by Shifting Producer-to-Consumer Ratio, Shown in Lichens as Models: I. Hypothesis.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 523
EP  - 527
SN  - 00953628
AB  - An apparent paradox exists in the ecology of Antarctic lichens: their net photosynthetic temperature optimum (around 0°C) lies far below the temperature optima of their constituent algae and fungi (around 20°C). To address this paradox, we consider lichens as microbial communities and propose the “community adaptation” hypothesis, which posits that in each thermal regime there is an equilibrium between photosynthetic primary producers (photobionts), and heterotrophic consumers (mycobiont and parasymbiont fungi). This equilibrium, expressed as the producer/consumer ratio ( Rp/c), maximizes the fitness of the community. As respiration increases with temperature, more rapidly than does photosynthesis, Rp/c will shift accordingly in warm habitats, resulting in a high-growth temperature optimum for the community (the lichen). This lends lichens an adaptive flexibility that enables them to function optimally at any thermal regime within the tolerance limits of the constituent organisms. The variable equilibrium of producers and consumers may have a similar role in thermal adaptation of more complex communities and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - LICHENS
KW  - CRYPTOGAMS
KW  - DYE plants
KW  - ASCOLICHENS
N1  - Accession Number: 18130967; Friedmann, E. Imre 1; Email Address: ifriedmann@mail.arc.nasa.gov Sun, Henry J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3 Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA  2: Desert Research Institute, 755 East Flamingo Rd. Las Vegas 89119-7363 USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p523; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: LICHENS; Subject Term: CRYPTOGAMS; Subject Term: DYE plants; Subject Term: ASCOLICHENS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812320 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-005-3680-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Henry J.
AU  - Friedmann, E. Imre
T1  - Communities Adjust their Temperature Optima by Shifting Producer-to-Consumer Ratio, Shown in Lichens as Models: II. Experimental Verification.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 528
EP  - 535
SN  - 00953628
AB  - The community adaptation hypothesis [7] predicts that lichens, simple communities of microorganisms, can adapt to a wide range of thermal regimes by regulating the ratio of primary producers (algae) and consumers (fungi): Rp/c. To test this hypothesis, we determined Rp/c values by image analysis of cross sections of herbarium specimens of the lichen Cladina rangiferina, which is widely distributed between the Arctic and the tropics. We found that Rp/c for C. rangiferina increases with summer temperature by more than one order of magnitude, consistent with the hypothesis. To assess the ecological significance of community adaptation ( Rp/c regulation), other adaptive mechanisms (e.g., photobiont substitution, genetic adaptation, and photosynthetic acclimation in North American Cladina spp.) were studied. Laboratory investigations with algae and fungi isolated in culture from live specimens suggested that the role of these mechanisms is relatively minor and cannot account for the high degree of lichen adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - LICHENS
KW  - CRYPTOGAMS
KW  - DYE plants
KW  - ASCOLICHENS
N1  - Accession Number: 18130966; Sun, Henry J. 1; Email Address: henry.sun@dri.edu Friedmann, E. Imre 2; Affiliation:  1: Desert Research Institute, 755 East Flamingo Rd. Las Vegas 89119-7363 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3 Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p528; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: LICHENS; Subject Term: CRYPTOGAMS; Subject Term: DYE plants; Subject Term: ASCOLICHENS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812320 Drycleaning and Laundry Services (except Coin-Operated); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-005-3679-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pishnyak, Oleg
AU  - Kreminska, Liubov
AU  - Lavrentovich, Oleg D.
AU  - Pouch, John J.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Winker, Bruce K.
T1  - Liquid Crystal Digital Beam Steering Device Based on Decoupled Birefringent Deflector and Polarization Rotator.
JO  - Molecular Crystals & Liquid Crystals
JF  - Molecular Crystals & Liquid Crystals
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 433
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 295
SN  - 15421406
AB  - We describe digital beam deflectors (DBDs) based on liquid crystals. Each stage of the device comprises polarization rotator and birefringent prism deflector. We used prisms made of the uniaxial smectic A (SmA) liquid crystal and a solid yttrium orthovanadate crystal. SmA prisms have high birefringence and can be constructed in a variety of shapes. We address the challenges of uniform alignment of SmA, such as elimination of focal conic domains. Rotation of linear polarization is achieved by electrically switched twisted nematic or electrically controlled birefringent cell. We describe a four-stage DBD steering a normally incident laser beam within ±56 mrad range with 8 mrad steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Crystals & Liquid Crystals is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT deflectors
KW  - OPTICAL instruments
KW  - LIQUID crystals
KW  - DOUBLE refraction
KW  - PRISMS
KW  - BEAM splitters
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - beam deflector
KW  - birefringent prism
KW  - polarization rotator
KW  - smectic A
N1  - Accession Number: 18189329; Pishnyak, Oleg 1 Kreminska, Liubov 1; Email Address: lkrem@lci.kent.edu Lavrentovich, Oleg D. 1 Pouch, John J. 2 Miranda, Felix A. 2 Winker, Bruce K. 3; Affiliation:  1: Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio  3: Rockwell Scientific Company LLC, Camino Dos Rios, Thousand Oaks, California; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 433 Issue 1, p279; Subject Term: LIGHT deflectors; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: LIQUID crystals; Subject Term: DOUBLE refraction; Subject Term: PRISMS; Subject Term: BEAM splitters; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: beam deflector; Author-Supplied Keyword: birefringent prism; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization rotator; Author-Supplied Keyword: smectic A; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15421400590955587
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daidzic, N.E.
AU  - Schmidt, E.
AU  - Hasan, M.M.
AU  - Altobelli, S.
T1  - Gas–liquid phase distribution and void fraction measurements using MRI
JO  - Nuclear Engineering & Design
JF  - Nuclear Engineering & Design
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 235
IS  - 10-12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1163
EP  - 1178
SN  - 00295493
AB  - Abstract: We used a permanent-magnet magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system to estimate the integral, spatially- and temporally-resolved void fraction distributions and flow patterns in vertical gas–liquid two-phase flow. Air was introduced at the bottom of the stagnant liquid column using an accurate and programmable syringe pump. The air flow rate was in upward vertical direction against the gravity vector. Air flow rates were varied between 1 and 200ml/min. Bubble formation and detachment at the inlet of the vertical column was non-uniform. The cylindrical non-conducting test tube in which two-phase flow is characterized was placed in a 0.26T permanent-magnet MRI unit. A roughly linear relationship has been observed for the integral void fraction versus volume flow rate of air through vertical stagnant liquid column. Integral or sample-averaged void fraction was obtained by volume-averaging of the spatially-resolved signals. Spatial averaging was performed in a radial or longitudinal axis of the column. The time-averaged spatially-resolved void fraction has also been obtained for the quasi-steady flow of air in a stagnant liquid column. No great accuracy is claimed as this was an exploratory proof-of-concept type of experiment. Preliminary results show that MRI can indeed provide qualitative and quantitative data and is especially well suited for characterization of averaged transport processes in adiabatic and diabatic multi-phase and/or multi-component flows. Better and faster MRI sequences could improve spatial and temporal resolutions significantly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Engineering & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems in medicine
KW  - MEDICAL equipment
KW  - MAGNETIC resonance imaging
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
N1  - Accession Number: 18482375; Daidzic, N.E. 1; Email Address: Nihad.Daidzic@grc.nasa.gov Schmidt, E. 2 Hasan, M.M. 3 Altobelli, S. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research (NCSER), NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: 2834 Dwight Avenue, Dormont, PA 15216, USA  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: New Mexico Resonance, 2301 Yale Blvd., SE, Suite C-1, Albuquerque, NM 87106-4237, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 235 Issue 10-12, p1163; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in medicine; Subject Term: MEDICAL equipment; Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance imaging; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2005.02.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Feng
AU  - Guo, Shangping
AU  - Ikram, Khalid
AU  - Albin, Sacharia
AU  - Tai, Hsiang
AU  - Rogowski, Robert S.
T1  - Numerical analysis of Bragg fibers using a compact 1D finite-difference frequency-domain method
JO  - Optics Communications
JF  - Optics Communications
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 249
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 174
SN  - 00304018
AB  - Abstract: A simple full vectorial finite-difference frequency-domain method is presented for dispersion and loss analysis of Bragg fibers. In both axial and azimuthal directions, the derivatives of the Maxwell’s equations are calculated analytically, and the solution of Maxwell’s equations is reduced to a 1D eigenvalue problem. Standard step-index and graded-index fibers with parabolic-index cores are analyzed to verify the validity of this method to round symmetric fibers with arbitrary index profiles. Numerical results on the mode propagation characteristics of Bragg fibers are found to agree very well with those obtained by transfer matrix method and Chew’s method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Optics Communications is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - EIGENVALUES
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - 02.60.Lj
KW  - 02.70.Bf
KW  - Bragg fiber
KW  - Eigenvalue problem
KW  - Finite-difference frequency-domain method
N1  - Accession Number: 17664827; Wu, Feng 1; Email Address: fwuxx001@odu.edu Guo, Shangping 1 Ikram, Khalid 1 Albin, Sacharia 1 Tai, Hsiang 2 Rogowski, Robert S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Photonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: Non-destructive Evaluation Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 249 Issue 1-3, p165; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: EIGENVALUES; Subject Term: MATRICES; Author-Supplied Keyword: 02.60.Lj; Author-Supplied Keyword: 02.70.Bf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bragg fiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eigenvalue problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-difference frequency-domain method; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.optcom.2005.01.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Rashidnia, N.
AU  - Maxworthy, T.
AU  - Kuang, J.
T1  - Instability of miscible interfaces in a cylindrical tube.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 17
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 052103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - We report experimental results on the displacement of a less viscous liquid by a more viscous, miscible liquid in a vertical tube of small diameter. The liquids used are silicone oils of various viscosities. The more viscous fluid has a higher density than the less viscous fluid. Both upward displacement and downward displacement have been studied. Our observations show that for downward displacement, the “interface” between the liquids can be unstable and exhibits an asymmetric, sinuous shape. During upward displacement, the interface forms an axisymmetric finger of the intruding liquid. At the tip of the main finger, a spike of the more viscous liquid is observed under some conditions. The Reynolds number is negligibly small in these experiments and the Peclet number for mass transfer is O(50)–O(105). The influence of gravity is characterized by the dimensionless parameter F=gΔρd2/μU where g is the acceleration due to gravity, Δρ is the density difference between the fluids, d is the tube diameter, μ is the viscosity of the more viscous fluid, and U is the displacement speed. A plot of F versus the viscosity ratio of the fluids is constructed to delineate the stable and unstable regimes of flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - HYDROSTATICS
KW  - PERMEABILITY
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - RHEOLOGY
KW  - VISCOSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 17030719; Balasubramaniam, R. 1 Rashidnia, N. 1 Maxworthy, T. 2 Kuang, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 17 Issue 5, p052103; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: HYDROSTATICS; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: RHEOLOGY; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1884645
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Podesta, J. J.
T1  - Spatial Landau damping in plasmas with three-dimensional κ distributions.
JO  - Physics of Plasmas
JF  - Physics of Plasmas
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 052101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 1070664X
AB  - The increase in linear Landau damping in κ-distributed plasmas compared to thermal equilibrium plasmas is studied by solving a boundary value problem for the spatially damped plasma waves generated by a planar grid electrode with an applied time harmonic potential. Solutions are computed for the plasma potential versus the distance from the electrode for different values of the parameter κ (kappa). The velocity parameter v0 of the distribution function is chosen so that, as the parameter κ varies, the kinetic temperature of the plasma remains constant. The exact solutions of this problem are also compared to approximate solutions derived from the theory of normal modes, that is, from the roots of the dispersion relation. This model problem demonstrates the significant increase in Landau damping by electrons which occurs for small values of the parameter κ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Plasmas is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - DISPERSION relations
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - CATHODE rays
N1  - Accession Number: 17106309; Podesta, J. J. 1; Email Address: jpodesta@solar.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Solar and Space Physics, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 612.2, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771.; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p052101; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: DISPERSION relations; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: CATHODE rays; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1885474
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17106309&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gregory, Frederick
T1  - Next Stop, Mars.
JO  - Popular Mechanics
JF  - Popular Mechanics
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 182
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 99
PB  - Hearst Magazines, a division of Hearst Communications, Inc.
SN  - 00324558
AB  - The article reports that astronauts will land on Mars between now and 2025. The U.S. will have unmanned missions to the moon in the next five years. The missions on the moon will be based on what's necessary to get to Mars. And what scientists do on Mars will be what's necessary for them to go even farther. All these missions will rely on human/robotic activity. Scientists have fallen into a trap believing it must be either human or robotic, but the two work very well together. So, at first rovers will determine what is on the surface. Then humans will follow, working alongside robots.
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 16784253; Gregory, Frederick 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 182 Issue 5, p98; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 676
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landi, B.J.
AU  - Castro, S.L.
AU  - Ruf, H.J.
AU  - Evans, C.M.
AU  - Bailey, S.G.
AU  - Raffaelle, R.P.
T1  - CdSe quantum dot-single wall carbon nanotube complexes for polymeric solar cells
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 87
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 733
EP  - 746
SN  - 09270248
AB  - Abstract: The development of lightweight, flexible polymeric solar cells which utilize nanostructured materials has been investigated. Incorporation of quantum dots (QDs) and single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) into a poly(3-octylthiophene)-(P3OT) composite, has been shown to facilitate exciton dissociation and carrier transport in a properly structured device. Optimization towards an ideal electron acceptor for polymeric solar cells that exhibits high electron affinity and high electrical conductivity has been proposed in the form of QD-SWNT complexes. Specifically, the synthesis of CdSe-aminoethanethiol-SWNT complexes has been performed, with confirmation by microscopy (SEM, TEM, and AFM) and spectroscopy (FT-IR and optical absorption). Polymer composites containing these complexes in P3OT have been used to fabricate solar cells which show limited efficiency due to recombination and surface effects, but an open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 0.75V. However, evaluation of the optical absorption spectra for these nanomaterial-polymeric composites has shown a marked enhancement in the ability to capture the available irradiance of the air mass zero (AM0) spectrum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - Polymer solar cell
KW  - Quantum dot
N1  - Accession Number: 18132983; Landi, B.J. 1 Castro, S.L. 2 Ruf, H.J. 1 Evans, C.M. 1 Bailey, S.G. 3 Raffaelle, R.P. 1; Email Address: rprsps@rit.edu; Affiliation:  1: NanoPower Research Laboratories, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 87 Issue 1-4, p733; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer solar cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum dot; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2004.07.047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, S.I.
AU  - Howell, S.W.
AU  - Raman, A.
AU  - Reifenberger, R.
AU  - Nguyen, C.V.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Complex dynamics of carbon nanotube probe tips
JO  - Ultramicroscopy
JF  - Ultramicroscopy
Y1  - 2005/05//
VL  - 103
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 102
SN  - 03043991
AB  - Abstract: Carbon nanotube (CNT) tips in tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) enable very high-resolution imaging, measurements, and manipulation at the nanoscale. We present recent results based on experimental analysis that yield new insights into the dynamics of CNT probe tips in tapping mode AFM. Experimental measurements are presented of the frequency response and dynamic amplitude–distance data of a high-aspect-ratio multi-walled (MW) CNT tip. Higher harmonics of the microcantilever are measured in frequency ranges corresponding to attractive regime and the repulsive regime where the CNT buckles dynamically. Surface scanning is performed using a MWCNT tip on a grating to verify the imaging instabilities associated with MWCNT buckling when used with normal control schemes in the tapping mode. Lastly, the choice of optimal setpoints for tapping mode control using CNT tip are discussed using the experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ultramicroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - SCANNING probe microscopy
KW  - 05.45.−a
KW  - Atomic force microscopes
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Nonlinear dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 17516103; Lee, S.I. 1 Howell, S.W. 2 Raman, A. 1; Email Address: raman@ecn.purdue.edu Reifenberger, R. 2 Nguyen, C.V. 3,4 Meyyappan, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1288, USA  2: Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: ELORET Corporation, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 103 Issue 2, p95; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: SCANNING probe microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: 05.45.−a; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic force microscopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear dynamics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultramic.2004.09.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simonson, Anne B.
AU  - Servint, Jacqueline A.
AU  - Skophammer, Ryan G.
AU  - Herbold, Craig W.
AU  - Rivera, Maria C.
AU  - Lake, James A.
T1  - Decoding the genomic tree of life.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2005/05/04/5/3/2005 Supplement 1
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 6608
EP  - 6613
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Genomes hold within them the record of the evolution of life on Earth. But genome fusions and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) seem to have obscured sufficiently the gene sequence record such that it is difficult to reconstruct the phylogenetic tree of life. HGT among prokaryotes is not random, however. Some genes (informational genes) are more difficult to transfer than others (operational genes). Furthermore, environmental, metabolic, and genetic differences among organisms restrict HGT, so that prokaryotes preferentially share genes with other prokaryotes having properties in common, including genome size, genome G+C composition, carbon utilization, oxygen utilization/sensitivity, and temperature optima, further complicating attempts to reconstruct the tree of life. A new method of phylogenetic reconstruction based on gene presence and absence, called conditioned reconstruction, has improved our prospects for reconstructing prokaryotic evolution. lt is also able to detect past genome fusions, such as the fusion that appears to have created the first eukaryote. This genome fusion between a deep branching eubacterium, possibly an ancestor of the cyanobacterium and a proteobacterium, with an archaeal eocyte (crenarchaea), appears to be the result of an early symbiosis. Given new tools and new genes from relevant organisms, it should soon be possible to test current and future fusion theories for the origin of eukaryotes and to discover the general outlines of the prokaryotic tree of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN life cycle
KW  - GENOMES
KW  - GENETIC transformation
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - GENETICS
KW  - HEREDITY
N1  - Accession Number: 17104973; Simonson, Anne B. 1 Servint, Jacqueline A. 2 Skophammer, Ryan G. 3 Herbold, Craig W. 2 Rivera, Maria C. 1,3 Lake, James A. 1,2,4; Email Address: Lake@mbi.ucla.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of California, 242 Boyer Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095.  2: Molecular Biology Institute, Departments of University of California, 242 Boyer Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095.  3: Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology and University of California, 242 Boyer Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095.  4: Human Genetics, and University of California, 242 Boyer Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095.; Source Info: 5/3/2005 Supplement 1, Vol. 102, p6608; Subject Term: HUMAN life cycle; Subject Term: GENOMES; Subject Term: GENETIC transformation; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: GENETICS; Subject Term: HEREDITY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roy, Subrata
AU  - Cooper, Sarah M.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
T1  - Single component gas transport through 10nm pores: Experimental data and hydrodynamic prediction
JO  - Journal of Membrane Science
JF  - Journal of Membrane Science
Y1  - 2005/05/05/
VL  - 253
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 215
SN  - 03767388
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents experimental measurements of argon and oxygen gas flow through a 10nm polycarbonate membrane, which are an order of magnitude higher than would be predicted by Knudsen diffusion alone, but may be described as rarified diffusion with slip (Knudsen–Smoluchoski diffusion). We also simulate the Poiseuille gas flow using a finite element based model and find that the hydrodynamic model may successfully predict Knudsen-like diffusion for Knudsen numbers as high as 10, contrary to conventional wisdom about the limitations of continuum models in the rarified regime. With the addition of slip boundary conditions, the model is able to describe the data with a similar tangential momentum accommodation coefficient (TMAC) as predicted by Knudsen–Smoluchoski diffusion. Transient measurements show that the pressure decay can be expressed by two distinct time constants, both of which indicate a faster decay than predicted by the Knudsen–Smoluchoski relations. The fact that the hydrodynamic model can successfully predict measured flow characteristics while conventional Knudsen–Smoluchoski rarified gas transport fails demonstrates that the hydrodynamic model may be extended into the nanoscale regime even at low gas density. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Membrane Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - Hydrodynamic model
KW  - Knudsen–Smoluchoski relations
KW  - Polycarbonate membrane
KW  - Slip boundary conditions
KW  - TMAC
N1  - Accession Number: 17663487; Roy, Subrata 1 Cooper, Sarah M. 2 Meyyappan, M. 2 Cruden, Brett A. 2; Email Address: bcruden@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational Plasma Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kettering University, Flint, MI 48504, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 253 Issue 1/2, p209; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrodynamic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knudsen–Smoluchoski relations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycarbonate membrane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slip boundary conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: TMAC; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.11.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricca
AU  - A.
AU  - Bauschlicher
AU  - C. W. Jr.
T1  - Effect of Packing and Tilt on the Rotational Barriers of an Amino, Nitro-Substituted Phenylene Ethynylene Trimer.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2005/05/05/
VL  - 109
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 9059
EP  - 9065
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Rotational potentials are computed for heptamers and nonamers of an amino, nitro-substituted phenylene ethynylene trimer molecule. A herringbone and a parallel-slipped packing arrangement are considered. The effect of tilting the molecules with respect to the surface as well as the effect of the gold support are also taken into account. The herringbone structure with the molecules perpendicular to the surface has a low rotational barrier (2 kcal/mol). Tilting the molecules by 30° increases the rotational barriers significantly (16 kcal/mol). The parallel-slipped structure has rotational barriers of 7 kcal/mol. Including the effect of the gold support increases the rotational barriers for tilted molecules but has little effect on perpendicular molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - AVOGADRO'S law
KW  - CHEMICAL templates
KW  - DIATOMIC molecules
N1  - Accession Number: 21814188; Ricca A. 1 Bauschlicher C. W. Jr. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 109 Issue 18, p9059; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: AVOGADRO'S law; Subject Term: CHEMICAL templates; Subject Term: DIATOMIC molecules; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalton, J. Brad
T1  - Planetary science: Saturn's retrograde renegade.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/05/05/
VL  - 435
IS  - 7038
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 34
SN  - 00280836
AB  - This article presents an evidence which proves that the saturnian moon Phoebe was formed elsewhere in the Solar System, and was only later captured by Saturn's gravitational pull. On 11 June 2004, shortly before it permanently entered Saturn's orbit, the spacecraft Cassini-Huygens made its closest approach to the planet's outermost moon, Phoebe. Phoebe is a small, irregular satellite in an eccentric, inclined, retrograde orbit--moving counter to the direction of the planet's rotation, in contrast to the more common, prograde, movement. The spectral observations also point to a wealth of volatile compounds---among them water-ice, carbon dioxide and several organic compounds, including alkanes, aromatic compounds, nitriles and other cyanide compounds, indicating an origin somewhere in the frozen outer reaches of the solar nebula, rather than in the hotter, drier inner Solar System where the terrestrial planets and the asteroid belt formed.
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - PLANETARY scientists
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 16953769; Dalton, J. Brad 1; Email Address: dalton@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mail Stop 245-3, Planetary Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 5/5/2005, Vol. 435 Issue 7038, p33; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: PLANETARY scientists; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/435033a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Nelson, Robert M.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - Lunine, J.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D. L.
AU  - Mennella, V.
AU  - Nicholson, P. D.
AU  - Sicardy, B.
T1  - Compositional maps of Saturn's moon Phoebe from imaging spectroscopy.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/05/05/
VL  - 435
IS  - 7038
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 69
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The origin of Phoebe, which is the outermost large satellite of Saturn, is of particular interest because its inclined, retrograde orbit suggests that it was gravitationally captured by Saturn, having accreted outside the region of the solar nebula in which Saturn formed. By contrast, Saturn's regular satellites (with prograde, low-inclination, circular orbits) probably accreted within the sub-nebula in which Saturn itself formed. Here we report imaging spectroscopy of Phoebe resulting from the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft encounter on 11 June 2004. We mapped ferrous-iron-bearing minerals, bound water, trapped CO2, probable phyllosilicates, organics, nitriles and cyanide compounds. Detection of these compounds on Phoebe makes it one of the most compositionally diverse objects yet observed in our Solar System. It is likely that Phoebe's surface contains primitive materials from the outer Solar System, indicating a surface of cometary origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - IMAGE analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 16953746; Clark, Roger N. 1; Email Address: rclark@usgs.gov Brown, Robert H. 2 Jaumann, Ralf 3 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Nelson, Robert M. 5 Buratti, Bonnie J. 5 McCord, Thomas B. 6 Lunine, J. 2 Baines, K. H. 5 Bellucci, G. 7 Bibring, J.-P. 8 Capaccioni, F. 7 Cerroni, P. 7 Coradini, A. 7 Formisano, V. 7 Langevin, Y. 8 Matson, D. L. 5 Mennella, V. 7 Nicholson, P. D. 9 Sicardy, B. 10; Affiliation:  1: US Geological Survey, MS964, Box 25046, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA.  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Stewart Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.  3: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Sensor Technology and Planetary Exploration, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.  6: University of Hawaii atManoa, HIGP/SOEST, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.  7: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Rome 00133, Italy.  8: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Universite' de Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Cedex France.  9: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.  10: Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France.; Source Info: 5/5/2005, Vol. 435 Issue 7038, p66; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03558
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Priestley, Kory
AU  - Kandel, Robert
T1  - Changes in Earth's Albedo Measured by Satellite.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/05/06/
VL  - 308
IS  - 5723
M3  - Article
SP  - 825
EP  - 825
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article reports on studies related to the measurement of the albedo of Earth. It is the fraction of the global incident solar radiation that is reflected back to space, and is a fundamental parameter of global energy balance. Global albedo can change with changes in Earth's cloud fractional coverage, cloud thickness, aerosol amount, forest cover, or snow and ice cover. Researchers examined recent global satellite observations designed to measure the variations in planetary albedo, the broadband Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System observations from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 17062900; Wielicki, Bruce A. 1; Email Address: b.a.wielicki@nasa.gov Wong, Takmeng 1 Loeb, Norman 2 Minnis, Patrick 1 Priestley, Kory 1 Kandel, Robert 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681. USA.  2: Department of Atmospheric Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA.  3: Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique du CNRS, Palaiseau, France.; Source Info: 5/6/2005, Vol. 308 Issue 5723, p825; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Barnes, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Hollingsworth, Jeffery L.
AU  - Kieffer, Hugh H.
AU  - Titus, Timothy N.
T1  - Albedo of the south pole on Mars determined by topographic forcing of atmosphere dynamics.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/05/12/
VL  - 435
IS  - 7039
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 188
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The nature of the martian south polar cap has remained enigmatic since the first spacecraft observations. In particular, the presence of a perennial carbon dioxide ice cap, the formation of a vast area of black‘slab ice’known as the Cryptic region and the asymmetric springtime retreat of the cap have eluded explanation. Here we present observations and climate modelling that indicate the south pole of Mars is characterized by two distinct regional climates that are the result of dynamical forcing by the largest southern impact basins, Argyre and Hellas. The style of surface frost deposition is controlled by these regional climates. In the cold and stormy conditions that exist poleward of 60°?S and extend 180°in longitude west from the Mountains of Mitchel (~30°?W), surface frost accumulation is dominated by precipitation. In the opposite hemisphere, the polar atmosphere is relatively warm and clear and frost accumulation is dominated by direct vapour deposition. It is the differences in these deposition styles that determine the cap albedo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - VAPOR-plating
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 17013547; Colaprete, Anthony 1; Email Address: Anthony.Colaprete-1@nasa.gov Barnes, Jeffrey R. 2 Haberle, Robert M. 1 Hollingsworth, Jeffery L. 3 Kieffer, Hugh H. 4 Titus, Timothy N. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA  2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA  3: San JoséState University Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA  4: US Geological Survey, Astrogeology Team, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; Source Info: 5/12/2005, Vol. 435 Issue 7039, p184; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: VAPOR-plating; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03561
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dutta, Prabir K.
AU  - Frank, Marla
AU  - Hunter, Gary W.
AU  - George, Michael
T1  - Reactively sputtered titania films as high temperature carbon monoxide sensors
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2005/05/13/
VL  - 106
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 810
EP  - 815
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: Sputtered films of titania have been explored for sensing of carbon monoxide (CO) at 550°C. Film thickness was varied from 24 to 1000nm by varying the sputtering time. The films were amorphous as prepared and converted to rutile upon thermal treatment. Highest sensor sensitivity, as measured by the resistance change of the film upon exposure to CO was noted for the ∼240nm film, and characterization focused on this film. Microstructure studies using electron microscopy show that the film was dense, with grain sizes of rutile of ∼20nm. Atomic force microscopy showed considerable surface roughness. The ∼240nm sputtered films exhibited higher sensitivity (factor of 3) as compared to optimized porous films made with commercially available anatase particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - THIN films
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - Gas sensing
KW  - Thick film sensors
N1  - Accession Number: 19175616; Dutta, Prabir K. 1; Email Address: dutta@chemistry.ohio-state.edu Frank, Marla 1 Hunter, Gary W. 2 George, Michael 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Center for Industrial Sensors and Measurements, 120 West 18th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 106 Issue 2, p810; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thick film sensors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2004.09.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brillson, Leonard J.
AU  - Bradley, Shawn T.
AU  - Tumakha, Sergey H.
AU  - Goss, Stephen H.
AU  - Sun, Xiaoling L.
AU  - Okojie, Robert S.
AU  - Hwang, J.
AU  - Schaff, William J.
T1  - Local electronic and chemical structure at GaN, AlGaN and SiC heterointerfaces
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 244
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 263
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Defects and intermediate chemical phases at nanoscale heterointerfaces of GaN, AlGaN, and SiC can dominate their macroscopic electronic properties. We have used low energy electron-excited nanoscale luminescence spectroscopy in combination with secondary ion mass spectrometry and internal photoemission spectroscopy to correlate interface physical and electronic properties for a variety of Schottky barrier and heterointerfaces involving these semiconductors. These results demonstrate the key role of initial surface processing and subsequent chemical interaction on the heterointerface electronic states, barriers, and carrier concentrations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON emission
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - NITRIDES
KW  - CARBIDES
KW  - 73.30.+y
KW  - AlGaN
KW  - Cathodoluminescence
KW  - GaN
KW  - Interface states
KW  - Schottky barriers
KW  - SiC
N1  - Accession Number: 19187868; Brillson, Leonard J. 1; Email Address: brillson.1@osu.edu Bradley, Shawn T. 1 Tumakha, Sergey H. 1 Goss, Stephen H. 1 Sun, Xiaoling L. 1 Okojie, Robert S. 2 Hwang, J. 3 Schaff, William J. 3; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, 205 Dreese Lab, 2015 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 244 Issue 1-4, p257; Subject Term: ELECTRON emission; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: NITRIDES; Subject Term: CARBIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: 73.30.+y; Author-Supplied Keyword: AlGaN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cathodoluminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: GaN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interface states; Author-Supplied Keyword: Schottky barriers; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.09.172
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ural, Anı
AU  - Heber, Gerd
AU  - Wawrzynek, Paul A.
AU  - Ingraffea, Anthony R.
AU  - Lewicki, David G.
AU  - Neto, Joaquim B.C.
T1  - Three-dimensional, parallel, finite element simulation of fatigue crack growth in a spiral bevel pinion gear
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 72
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1148
EP  - 1170
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Abstract: This paper summarizes new results for predicting crack shape and fatigue life for a spiral bevel pinion gear using computational fracture mechanics. The predictions are based on linear elastic fracture mechanics theories combined with the finite element method, and incorporating plasticity-induced fatigue crack closure and moving loads. We show that we can simulate arbitrarily shaped fatigue crack growth in a spiral bevel gear more efficiently and with much higher resolution than with a previous boundary-element-based approach [Spievak LE, Wawrzynek PA, Ingraffea AR, Lewicki DG. Simulating fatigue crack growth in spiral bevel gears. Engng Fract Mech 2001;68(1):53–76] using the finite element method along with a better representation of moving loads. Another very significant improvement is the decrease in solution time of the problem by employing a parallel PC-cluster, an approach that is becoming more common in both research and practice. This reduces the computation time for a complete simulation from days to a fewhours. Finally, the effect of change in the flexibility of the cracking tooth on the location and magnitude of the contact loads and also on stress intensity factors and fatigue life is investigated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - PENETRATION mechanics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Computational fracture mechanics
KW  - Fatigue crack growth
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Gears
KW  - Parallel computation
KW  - Three-dimensional finite element contact analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 17419383; Ural, Anı 1; Email Address: au14@cornell.edu Heber, Gerd 1 Wawrzynek, Paul A. 1 Ingraffea, Anthony R. 1 Lewicki, David G. 2 Neto, Joaquim B.C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cornell Fracture Group, Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA  2: US Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza-CE 60455-760, Brazil; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 72 Issue 8, p1148; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: PENETRATION mechanics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gears; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel computation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three-dimensional finite element contact analysis; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.08.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koss, M.B.
AU  - LaCombe, J.C.
AU  - Chait, A.
AU  - Pines, V.
AU  - Zlatkowski, M.
AU  - Glicksman, M.E.
AU  - Kar, P.
T1  - Pressure-mediated effects on thermal dendrites
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 279
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 170
EP  - 185
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: We subjected succinonitrile dendrites growing under steady-state conditions to a rapid change in thermal driving force through a step-change in pressure. This change in pressure caused a corresponding change in the equilibrium melting temperature due to the Clapeyron effect, and a shift in the temperature field due to an adiabatic temperature change in both the solid and its melt. The new thermal conditions caused the dendrites to transition from well-characterized initial steady states to states appropriate for the new operating conditions. The initial and final states are clearly discernable, but the onset of the change in tip radius lags behind the change in tip velocity even though the total transition times appear to be similar. During the transition, a fast growing, small dendrite emerges out of the tip of a slow growing, large dendrite. Lastly, the pressure changes appear to destabilize the interface, which leads to the initiation of a dominant side branch. This work constitutes evidence that pressure changes quantifiably change growth behavior and can be used as a perturbation to influence interfacial morphology in a well-characterized free dendritic growth system. This hints at how such a mechanism may be used to control growth microstructures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DENDRITIC crystals
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - A1. Crystal morphology
KW  - A1. Dendrites
KW  - A1. Interfaces
KW  - A1. Morphological stability
N1  - Accession Number: 17791106; Koss, M.B. 1; Email Address: mkoss@holycross.edu LaCombe, J.C. 2; Email Address: lacomj@unr.edu Chait, A. 3 Pines, V. 3 Zlatkowski, M. 3 Glicksman, M.E. 4 Kar, P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA 01610, USA  2: Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Mail Stop 388, Reno, NV 89557, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Materials Science and Engineering Department, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 279 Issue 1/2, p170; Subject Term: DENDRITIC crystals; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Crystal morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Dendrites; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Morphological stability; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2005.02.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duray, Paul H.
AU  - Shu-Rong Yin
AU  - Ito, Yoshinori
AU  - Bezrukov, Ludmila
AU  - Cox, Cheri
AU  - Myong-Soon Cho
AU  - Fitzgerald, Wendy
AU  - Dorward, David
AU  - Zimmerberg, Joshua
AU  - Margolis, Leonid
T1  - Invasion of Human Tissue Ex Vivo by Borrelia burgdorferi.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 191
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1747
EP  - 1754
SN  - 00221899
AB  - Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is an etiological agent of Lyme disease. The lack of an adequate ex vivo system for human tissue infection is an obstacle to fully understanding the molecular mechanisms of invasion of tissue by B. burgdorferi and its adaptation within the human host. Here, we report on the development of such a system. We inoculated blocks of human tonsillar tissue with B. burgdorferi spirochetes, cultured them in a low-shear rotating wall vessel (RWV) bioreactor, and analyzed them using light and electron microscopy, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and quantitative real-time PCR. Also, we evaluated the expression of the outer surface proteins (Osps) OspA and OspC by use of quantitative Western blotting. Light and electron microscopic analysis revealed multiple spirochetes localized extracellularly within the tissue, and their identity was confirmed by PCR. Quantification of spirochetes inside the RWV-cultured tonsillar tissue demonstrated that the number of B. burgdorferi exceeded the initial inoculum by an order of magnitude, indicating that spirochetes replicated in the tissue. Electron microscopic analysis showed that some spirochetes were arranged in cystic structures and that invading spirochetes differentially expressed surface proteins; both of these features have been described for infected tissues in vivo. The system we have developed can be used to study B. burgdorferi pathogenesis under controlled conditions ex vivo, in particular to explore the gene activation responsible for the adaptation of B. burgdorferi to human tissue that leads to Lyme disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORRELIA burgdorferi
KW  - LYME disease
KW  - BACTERIAL diseases
KW  - BACTERIAL proteins
KW  - TISSUES
KW  - BIOREACTORS
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 16782880; Duray, Paul H. 1; Email Address: paul.duray@med.va.gov Shu-Rong Yin 2 Ito, Yoshinori 2 Bezrukov, Ludmila 2 Cox, Cheri 2 Myong-Soon Cho 2 Fitzgerald, Wendy 2 Dorward, David 3 Zimmerberg, Joshua 2 Margolis, Leonid 2; Email Address: margolis@helix.nih.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/National Institutes of Health Center for Three-Dimensional Tissue Culture, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland  3: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana; Source Info: 5/15/2005, Vol. 191 Issue 10, p1747; Subject Term: BORRELIA burgdorferi; Subject Term: LYME disease; Subject Term: BACTERIAL diseases; Subject Term: BACTERIAL proteins; Subject Term: TISSUES; Subject Term: BIOREACTORS; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tyson, Daniel S.
AU  - Fabrizio, Eve F.
AU  - Panzner, Matthew J.
AU  - Kinder, James D.
AU  - Buisson, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Christensen, Jørn B.
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
T1  - Synthesis, characterization, and optical properties of a cyano-functionalized 2,3,7,8-tetraaryl-1,6-dioxapyrene
JO  - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 172
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 107
SN  - 10106030
AB  - Abstract: 2,7-Di(4-cyanophenyl)-3,8-di(4-methylphenyl)-1,6-dioxapyrene (CN-diox), a symmetrically substituted 2,3,7,8-tetraaryldioxapyrene, was synthesized in seven steps from 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene. The synthetic methodology incorporated a base-catalyzed ring closure process followed by dehydration to introduce the first tetraaryl-1,6-dioxapyrene. Crystal structure and electrochemical analysis were performed to directly compare the properties of CN-diox to previously reported dioxapyrene derivatives, specifically 1,6-dioxapyrene (Diox) and 3,8-diethyl-5,10-dimethyl-1,6-dioxapyrene (Alkyl-diox). Optical spectroscopy studies were performed to evaluate the potential of the 1,6-dioxapyrenes as fluorescent probes. CN-diox revealed a broad absorption centered near 450nm (ɛ =31,900M−1 cm−1) in THF with a corresponding fluorescence at 619nm (Φ f =0.011). This was in sharp contrast to both Diox and Alkyl-diox which displayed broad absorption bands near 400nm (ɛ ∼5000–10,000M−1 cm−1) in THF with corresponding fluorescence near 500nm (Φ f =0.059 and 0.082 for Diox and Alkyl-diox, respectively). The luminescence of CN-diox was found to be solvatochromic (λ max =619–644nm) with single exponential lifetimes of less than 1.3ns and an excited state dipole moment of ∼22.81D. Neither Diox nor Alkyl-diox showed solvatochromic properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology A: Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - QUANTITATIVE chemical analysis
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - 1
KW  - 1,6-Dioxapyrene
KW  - 6-Dioxapyrene
KW  - Electrochemistry
KW  - Electronic spectra
KW  - Luminescence
KW  - Solvatochromism
KW  - Synthesis
N1  - Accession Number: 17674375; Tyson, Daniel S. 1,2; Email Address: daniel.s.tyson@grc.nasa.gov Fabrizio, Eve F. 1,2 Panzner, Matthew J. 3 Kinder, James D. 1 Buisson, Jean-Pierre 4 Christensen, Jørn B. 5 Meador, Michael A. 1; Email Address: michael.a.meador@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Polymers Branch, Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  4: Service de Chimie, Institut Curie, 26 rue d’Ulm, 75248 Paris Cedex 05, France  5: Chemical Laboratory II, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 172 Issue 1, p97; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE chemical analysis; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: 1; Author-Supplied Keyword: 1,6-Dioxapyrene; Author-Supplied Keyword: 6-Dioxapyrene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solvatochromism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synthesis; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2004.11.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krieg, J.
AU  - Nothholt, J.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Zander, R.
T1  - Sulphur hexafluoride (): comparison of FTIR-measurements at three sites and determination of its trend in the northern hemisphere
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 92
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 392
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Fourier transform infrared spectrometry has been used to retrieve the total column abundances of at three locations in the northern hemisphere, i.e., the Ny– Ålesund site in Spitsbergen/Norway at , the Jungfraujoch observatory in Switzerland at and the Kitt Peak observatory in Arizona, USA, at . The total column results have been converted to average tropospheric mixing ratios. The mean increases in these mixing ratios have been found to be equal to at Ny Ålesund, at the Jungfraujoch and at Kitt Peak for the common period March 1993 to March 2002, in agreement with corresponding CMDL data at the surface. The limited accuracy of the Ny Ålesund and Kitt Peak data results from strong tropospheric water vapour interferences at these lower altitude sites. Observations at all three locations show that is still accumulating in the atmosphere. Extrapolations of linear and second-order fits to the Jungfraujoch data predict tropospheric mixing ratios of , respectively equal to and in 2050, and and in 2100, significantly lower than those reported in the literature so far. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Anthropogenic emissions
KW  - Atmospheric trends
KW  - FTIR-spectrometry
KW  - SF6
N1  - Accession Number: 17257564; Krieg, J. 1 Nothholt, J. 2; Email Address: notholt@uni-bremen.de Mahieu, E. 3 Rinsland, C.P. 4 Zander, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Alfred-Wegener-Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 27568 Potsdam, Germany  2: Department of Physics, University of Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany  3: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-3142, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 92 Issue 3, p383; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anthropogenic emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric trends; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTIR-spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: SF6; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.08.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Sayir, Ali
T1  - Editorial
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 25
IS  - 8
M3  - Editorial
SP  - v
EP  - v
SN  - 09552219
N1  - Accession Number: 17002227; Sayir, Ali 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 25 Issue 8, pv; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/S0955-2219(05)00402-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yi, J.
AU  - Argon, A.S.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Creep resistance of the directionally solidified ceramic eutectic of Al2O3/c-ZrO2(Y2O3): experiments and models
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 25
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1201
EP  - 1214
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: The creep resistance of the directionally solidified ceramic eutectic of Al2O3/c-ZrO2(Y2O3) was studied in the temperature range of 1200–1520  C both exprimentally and by mechanistic dislocation models. The topologically continuous majority phase of Al2O3, has a nearly perfect growth texture in the [0 0 0 1] direction and encapsulates the minority c-ZrO2(Y2O3) phase in a variety of morphologies. This encapsulated minority phase too has a close to  growth texture, regardless of morphology. The two phases are separated by close to coherent and well structured interfaces. The creep of the eutectic in its growth direction exhibits an initial transient that is attributed to stress relaxation in the c-ZrO2(Y2O3) phase, but otherwise in steady state shows many of the same characteristics of creep in sapphire single crystals with c-axis orientation. The creep strain rate of the eutectic has stress exponents in the range of 4.5–5.0 and a temperature dependence suggesting a rate mechanism governed by oxygen ion diffusion in the Al2O3. While required TEM evidence is still incomplete, finite element analysis of stress distribution in the two phases and a detailed dislocation model of the creep rate indicate that much of the nano-scale encapsulated c-ZrO2(Y2O3) is too small to deform by creep so that the major contribution to the recorded creep strain is derived from the diffusion-controlled climb of pyramidal edge dislocations in the Al2O3 phase. The evidence suggests that the climbing dislocations in Al2O3 must repeatly circumvent the c-ZrO2(Y2O3) domains acting as dispersoids resulting in the stress exponents larger than 3. The creep model is in very good agreement with the experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - TOPOLOGY
KW  - MORPHOLOGY
KW  - STRESS relaxation (Mechanics)
KW  - SAPPHIRES
KW  - Al2O3/c-ZrO2 eutectics
N1  - Accession Number: 17002229; Yi, J. 1 Argon, A.S. 1; Email Address: argon@mit.edu Sayir, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: NASA-John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 25 Issue 8, p1201; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: TOPOLOGY; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: STRESS relaxation (Mechanics); Subject Term: SAPPHIRES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al2O3/c-ZrO2 eutectics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.01.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quispe-Cancapa, J.J.
AU  - de Arellano-López, A.R.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, J.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Tensile strength of directionally solidified chromia-doped sapphire
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 25
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1259
EP  - 1268
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Tensile fracture properties of directionally solidified chromia-doped c-axis sapphire fibers have been studied in a range of temperature (room temperature up to 1400°C) and dopant content (0, 300ppm and 1% of Cr2O3). Delayed failure of the fibers was studied by measuring the dependence of the tensile strength on the loading rate and by fractographic studies on the fracture surfaces of the fibers. In all the temperature range, the fibers doped with 300ppm of Cr2O3 are slightly stronger than the pure sapphire fibers. The least strong fibers are those containing 1% of Cr2O3. For this badge of material, the beneficial effect of solution hardening is counterweighted by increasing amount of defects caused by a faster fabrication. Slow crack growth appears to be the process controlling delayed failure at higher temperature. Little contribution of slow crack growth to delayed failure is found at the lower temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - SAPPHIRES
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - METAL fibers
KW  - Fibres
KW  - Sapphire
KW  - Strength
N1  - Accession Number: 17002235; Quispe-Cancapa, J.J. 1 de Arellano-López, A.R. 1 Martínez-Fernández, J. 1 Sayir, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla 41071, Spain  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 25 Issue 8, p1259; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: SAPPHIRES; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: METAL fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fibres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sapphire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.01.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dynys, F.W.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Self assemble silicide architectures by directional solidification
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 25
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1293
EP  - 1299
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Directional solidification of eutectics has self assembly characteristics that can fabricate two dimensional periodic arrays of two or more phases. The ordering of the phases can be utilized as a “lithographic technique” to produce porous structures for fabrication of miniature devices. Directional solidification by the Bridgman technique was applied to the eutectic systems Si–TiSi2 and Si–YSi2. Patterned growth of TiSi2 rods occur in the silicon matrix during solidification. Micro-channel structure of pillar arrays of TiSi2 was produced by silicon dissolution by KOH. Average TiSi2 rod diameter was 2.5μm with 99% of the population falling in the 2–3μm range. Colony formation could not be suppressed in the Si–TiSi2 system. Patterned growth is not observed in Si–YSi2 system. Eutectic and hyper-eutectic Si–YSi2 compositions formed anomalous eutectic microstructure. Microstructure shows dependence upon the solidification rate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIRECTIONAL solidification
KW  - SOLIDIFICATION
KW  - EUTECTICS
KW  - MELTING points
KW  - LITHOGRAPHY
KW  - Composite
KW  - Microstructure-final
KW  - Silicides
N1  - Accession Number: 17002239; Dynys, F.W. 1 Sayir, A. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Case Western Reserve University, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 25 Issue 8, p1293; Subject Term: DIRECTIONAL solidification; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: EUTECTICS; Subject Term: MELTING points; Subject Term: LITHOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure-final; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.01.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paderno, Yuriy B.
AU  - Filipov, Vladimir B.
AU  - Paderno, Varvara N.
AU  - Sayir, Ali
T1  - Submicron size single crystal MeIVB2 (Me=Ti, Zr, Hf) fibers
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 25
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1301
EP  - 1305
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Submicron diameter ZrB2, TiB2 and HfB2 fibers were produced in single crystal form. Directional solidification of diboride eutectics followed by matrix phase removal was utilized to fabricate single crystal fibers. LaB6 was utilized as the matrix phase for crystal growth. Fiber diameter ranged from 0.4 to 0.8μm for all compositions investigated. The length-to diameter aspect ratio exceeded 500 for all compositions. Fibers were uniform and had smooth surfaces along the entire length. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the fibers were single crystals with a high degree of perfection and preferential growth direction along the 〈111〉 orientation of the diboride lattice. Porous structures were formed by pressing the diboride fibers and sintering at temperatures up to 2200K in vacuum. The level of porosity, average pore size distribution, and specific surface area could be controlled to some extent by mechanical pressing. The diborides in small fiber form may have technical applications in structural components and functional devices, i.e., industrial filters, thermal protection systems, and possibly for reinforcement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM compounds
KW  - ORGANOZIRCONIUM compounds
KW  - BORON compounds
KW  - BORANES
KW  - CRYSTAL whiskers
KW  - EUTECTICS
KW  - Borides
KW  - Fibres
KW  - Grain growth
KW  - Permeability
KW  - Refractories
N1  - Accession Number: 17002240; Paderno, Yuriy B. 1; Email Address: paderno@ipms.kiev.ua Filipov, Vladimir B. 1 Paderno, Varvara N. 1 Sayir, Ali 2; Affiliation:  1: I. Frantsevich Institute for Problems of Materials Sciences of Academy of Sciences of NASU, 3 Krzhyzhanovsky str., Kiev 03142, Ukraine  2: NASA Glenn Research Center and Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 25 Issue 8, p1301; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM compounds; Subject Term: ORGANOZIRCONIUM compounds; Subject Term: BORON compounds; Subject Term: BORANES; Subject Term: CRYSTAL whiskers; Subject Term: EUTECTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Borides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fibres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permeability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refractories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.01.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berterretche, Mercedes
AU  - Hudak, Andrew T.
AU  - Cohen, Warren B.
AU  - Maiersperger, Thomas K.
AU  - Gower, Stith T.
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer
T1  - Comparison of regression and geostatistical methods for mapping Leaf Area Index (LAI) with Landsat ETM+ data over a boreal forest
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/05/15/
VL  - 96
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 61
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: This study compared aspatial and spatial methods of using remote sensing and field data to predict maximum growing season leaf area index (LAI) maps in a boreal forest in Manitoba, Canada. The methods tested were orthogonal regression analysis (reduced major axis, RMA) and two geostatistical techniques: kriging with an external drift (KED) and sequential Gaussian conditional simulation (SGCS). Deterministic methods such as RMA and KED provide a single predicted map with either aspatial (e.g., standard error, in regression techniques) or limited spatial (e.g., KED variance) assessments of errors, respectively. In contrast, SGCS takes a probabilistic approach, where simulated values are conditional on the sample values and preserve the sample statistics. In this application, canonical indices were used to maximize the ability of Landsat ETM+ spectral data to account for LAI variability measured in the field through a spatially nested sampling design. As expected based on theory, SGCS did the best job preserving the distribution of measured LAI values. In terms of spatial pattern, SGCS preserved the anisotropy observed in semivariograms of measured LAI, while KED reduced anisotropy and lowered global variance (i.e., lower sill), also consistent with theory. The conditional variance of multiple SGCS realizations provided a useful visual and quantitative measure of spatial uncertainty. For applications requiring spatial prediction methods, we concluded KED is more useful if local accuracy is important, but SGCS is better for indicating global pattern. Predicting LAI from satellite data using geostatistical methods requires a distribution and density of primary, reference LAI measurements that are impractical to obtain. For regional NPP modeling with coarse resolution inputs, the aspatial RMA regression method is the most practical option. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - TAIGAS
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - MANITOBA
KW  - Conditional simulation
KW  - Kriging
KW  - Reduced major axis regression
N1  - Accession Number: 17790428; Berterretche, Mercedes 1 Hudak, Andrew T. 2; Email Address: ahudak@fs.fed.us Cohen, Warren B. 3 Maiersperger, Thomas K. 1 Gower, Stith T. 4 Dungan, Jennifer 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331  2: Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, Idaho 83843  3: Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331  4: Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison 53706  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 96 Issue 1, p49; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: TAIGAS; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: MANITOBA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conditional simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kriging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced major axis regression; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.01.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moss, James N.
AU  - Bird, Graeme A.
AU  - Markelov, Gennady N.
T1  - DSMC Simulations of Hypersonic Flows and Comparison With Experiments.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/05/16/
VL  - 762
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 547
EP  - 552
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents computational results obtained with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for several biconic test cases in which shock interactions and flow separation-reattachment are key features of the flow. Recent ground-based experiments have been performed for several biconic configurations, and surface heating rate and pressure measurements have been proposed for code validation studies. The present focus is to expand on the current validating activities for a relatively new DSMC code called DS2V that Bird (second author) has developed. Comparisons with experiments and other computations help clarify the agreement currently being achieved between computations and experiments and to identify the range of measurement variability of the proposed validation data when benchmarked with respect to the current computations. For the test cases with significant vibrational nonequilibrium, the effect of the vibrational energy surface accommodation on heating and other quantities is demonstrated. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - GAS dynamics
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - DIAPHRAGMS (Mechanical devices)
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 17306927; Moss, James N. 1 Bird, Graeme A. 2 Markelov, Gennady N. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 408A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199  2: G.A.B. Consulting Pty Ltd, 144/110 Sussex Street, Sydney NSW 2000, Australia  3: AOES, Haagse Schouwweg 6G, 2332 KG Leiden, The Netherlands; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 762 Issue 1, p547; Subject Term: GAS flow; Subject Term: GAS dynamics; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: DIAPHRAGMS (Mechanical devices); Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1941593
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bo Zhang
AU  - Harb, John N.
AU  - Davis, Robert C.
AU  - Jae-Woo Kim
AU  - Sang-Hyon Chu
AU  - Sang Choi
AU  - Miller, Tim
AU  - Watt, Gerald D.
T1  - Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characterization of the Cobalt and Manganese Oxyhydroxide Cores Formed in Horse Spleen Ferritin.
JO  - Inorganic Chemistry
JF  - Inorganic Chemistry
Y1  - 2005/05/16/
VL  - 44
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3738
EP  - 3745
SN  - 00201669
AB  - Horse spleen ferritin (HoSF) containing 800–1500 cobalt or 250–1200 manganese atoms as Co(O)OH and Mn-(O)OH mineral cores within the HoSF interior (Co-HoSF and Mn-HoSF) was synthesized, and the chemical reactivity, kinetics of reduction, and the reduction potentials were measured. Microcoulometric and chemical reduction of HoSF containing the M(O)OH mineral core (M = Co or Mn) was rapid and quantitative with a reduction stoichiometry of 1.05 ± 0.10 e/M forming a stable M(OH)2 mineral core. At pH 9.0, ascorbic acid (AH2), a two-electron reductant, effectively reduced the mineral cores; however, the reaction was incomplete and rapidly reached equilibrium. The addition of excess AH2 shifted the reaction to completion with a M3+/AH2 stoichiometry of 1.9–2.1, consistent with a single electron per metal atom reduction. The rate of reaction between M(O)OH and excess AH2 was measured by monitoring the decrease in mineral core absorbance with time. The reaction was first order in each reactant with second-order rate constants of 0.53 and 4.74 M-1 min-1 respectively, for Co- and Mn-HoSF at pH 9.0. From the variation of absorbance with increasing AH2 concentration, equilibrium constants at pH 9.0 of 5.0 ± 1.9 for Co-HoSF and 2.9 ± 0.9 for Mn-HoSF were calculated for 2M(O)OH + AH2 = 2M(OH)2 + D, where AH2 and D are ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid, respectively. Consistent with these equilibrium constants, the standard potential for the reduction of Co(III)-HoSF is 42 mV more positive than that of the ascorbic acid reaction, while the standard potential of Mn(III)-HoSF is 27 mV positive relative to AH2. Fe2+ in solution with Co- and Mn-HoSF under anaerobic conditions was oxidized to form Fe(O)OH within the HoSF interior, resulting in partial displacement of the Co or Mn by iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Inorganic Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COBALT
KW  - MANGANESE oxides
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - FERRITIN
KW  - SPLEEN
KW  - CARRIER proteins
KW  - HYDROGEN-ion concentration
N1  - Accession Number: 17105485; Bo Zhang 1 Harb, John N. 1 Davis, Robert C. 2 Jae-Woo Kim 3 Sang-Hyon Chu 3 Sang Choi 3 Miller, Tim 4 Watt, Gerald D. 1; Email Address: gdwatt@chem.byu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602  2: Department of Physics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602; Source Info: 5/16/2005, Vol. 44 Issue 10, p3738; Subject Term: COBALT; Subject Term: MANGANESE oxides; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FERRITIN; Subject Term: SPLEEN; Subject Term: CARRIER proteins; Subject Term: HYDROGEN-ion concentration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, G.L.
AU  - Mochena, M.D.
AU  - Bauschlicher, C.W.
T1  - Dissociative and associative attachment of OH to iron clusters
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/05/17/
VL  - 407
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 180
EP  - 185
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: Electronic and geometrical structures of isomers of Fe n OH, Fe n OH−, and Fe n OH+ (n =1–4) with associative and dissociative attachment of OH are computed using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. It is found that OH is associatively attached in the ground-state FeOH and FeOH+ species, but is dissociatively attached in FeOH−. The neutral and negatively charged species with n =2–4 prefer dissociative attachment of OH. In the ground-state Fe3OH+ and Fe4OH+ cations, OH is attached associatively, while it is attached dissociatively in Fe2OH+. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON
KW  - IONS
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - METAL clusters
N1  - Accession Number: 17698602; Gutsev, G.L. 1; Email Address: gennady.gutsev@famu.edu Mochena, M.D. 1 Bauschlicher, C.W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States  2: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 407 Issue 1-3, p180; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: METAL clusters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Dulick, M.
T1  - A multispectrum analysis of widths and shifts in the 2010–2260cm−1 region of 12C16O broadened by Helium at temperatures between 80 and 297K
JO  - Journal of Molecular Structure
JF  - Journal of Molecular Structure
Y1  - 2005/05/24/
VL  - 742
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 110
SN  - 00222860
AB  - Abstract: Lorentz pressure-broadening and pressure-induced shift coefficients along with their temperature dependences have been determined for over forty P- and R-branch transitions in the fundamental band of 12C16O broadened with helium. A total of nineteen spectra recorded at various temperatures (+24 to −194°C) in the 2010–2260cm−1 spectral region were analyzed simultaneously using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting technique. The spectra were recorded with the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. Present results are compared with similar measurements reported recently. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Structure is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - He-pressure broadening and shifts
KW  - Temperature dependences of widths and shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 17705133; Mantz, A.W. 1; Email Address: awman@conncoll.edu Malathy Devi, V. 2 Chris Benner, D. 2 Smith, M.A.H. 3 Predoi-Cross, A. 4 Dulick, M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  4: Department of Physics, The University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alta., Canada T1K 3M4  5: National Optical Astronomy Observatories, National Solar Observatory, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726-6732, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 742 Issue 1-3, p99; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: He-pressure broadening and shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependences of widths and shifts; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.11.094
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Toth, R.A.
T1  - Line mixing in self- and foreign-broadened water vapor at 6μm
JO  - Journal of Molecular Structure
JF  - Journal of Molecular Structure
Y1  - 2005/05/24/
VL  - 742
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 122
SN  - 00222860
AB  - Abstract: Line mixing has been measured for two pairs of transitions in the ν2 band of H216O. The rotational assignments of the four lines (in terms of the rotational quantum numbers J, K a and K c) are (a) two P branch lines: (1 0 1)←(2 1 2) mixing with (2 1 2)←(3 0 3) at 1539.061 and 1540.300cm−1, respectively; and (b) two R branch lines: (3 0 3)←(2 1 2) mixing with (2 1 2) ←(1 0 1) at 1652.400 and 1653.267cm−1, respectively. Pressure broadening coefficients of H2O (halfwidths, pressure shifts and off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements) are reported for seven broadeners (self, H2, He, CO2, N2, O2 and air) from retrievals performed by multispectrum fitting implemented with line mixing. The effect is largest for self- and H2-broadening. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Structure is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - Air
KW  - CO2
KW  - Foreign broadening
KW  - H2
KW  - H2O
KW  - He
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - N2
KW  - O2
KW  - Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements
KW  - Self
KW  - Shifts
KW  - Widths
N1  - Accession Number: 17705134; Brown, L.R. 1; Email Address: linda.brown@jpl.nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 2 Malathy Devi, V. 2 Smith, M.A.H. 3 Toth, R.A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail stop 183-601, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 742 Issue 1-3, p111; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Air; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foreign broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: H2; Author-Supplied Keyword: H2O; Author-Supplied Keyword: He; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: N2; Author-Supplied Keyword: O2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Widths; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.molstruc.2004.12.059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Artho, Cyrille
AU  - Barringer, Howard
AU  - Goldberg, Allen
AU  - Havelund, Klaus
AU  - Khurshid, Sarfraz
AU  - Lowry, Mike
AU  - Pasareanu, Corina
AU  - Rosu, Grigore
AU  - Sen, Koushik
AU  - Visser, Willem
AU  - Washington, Rich
T1  - Combining test case generation and runtime verification
JO  - Theoretical Computer Science
JF  - Theoretical Computer Science
Y1  - 2005/05/26/
VL  - 336
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 234
SN  - 03043975
AB  - Abstract: Software testing is typically an ad hoc process where human testers manually write test inputs and descriptions of expected test results, perhaps automating their execution in a regression suite. This process is cumbersome and costly. This paper reports results on a framework to further automate this process. The framework consists of combining automated test case generation based on systematically exploring the input domain of the program with runtime verification, where execution traces are monitored and verified against properties expressed in temporal logic. Capabilities also exist for analyzing traces for concurrency errors, such as deadlocks and data races. The input domain of the program is explored using a model checker extended with symbolic execution. Properties are formulated in an expressive temporal logic. A methodology is advocated that automatically generates properties specific to each input rather than formulating properties uniformly true for all inputs. The paper describes an application of the technology to a NASA rover controller. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Computer Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - ADVERTISING
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - Automated testing
KW  - Concurrency analysis
KW  - Model checking
KW  - NASA rover controller
KW  - Runtime verification
KW  - Symbolic execution
KW  - Temporal logic
KW  - Test case generation
N1  - Accession Number: 17061264; Artho, Cyrille 1 Barringer, Howard 2 Goldberg, Allen 3 Havelund, Klaus 3; Email Address: havelund@kestreltechnology.com Khurshid, Sarfraz 4 Lowry, Mike 5 Pasareanu, Corina 6 Rosu, Grigore 7 Sen, Koushik 7 Visser, Willem 8 Washington, Rich 8; Affiliation:  1: Computer Systems Institute, ETH Zurich, Switzerland  2: School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK  3: Kestrel Technology, USA  4: UT ARISE, University of Texas at Austin, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  6: Kestrel Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, USA  7: Department of Computer Science, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA  8: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 336 Issue 2/3, p209; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: ADVERTISING; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automated testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Concurrency analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA rover controller; Author-Supplied Keyword: Runtime verification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Symbolic execution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temporal logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Test case generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541890 Other Services Related to Advertising; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541850 Outdoor Advertising; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tcs.2004.11.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sirbuly, Donald J.
AU  - Law, Matt
AU  - Pauzauskie, Peter
AU  - Yan, Haoquan
AU  - Maslov, Alex V.
AU  - Knutsen, Kelly
AU  - Cun-Zheng Ning
AU  - Saykally, Richard J.
AU  - Peidong Yang
T1  - Optical routing and sensing with nanowire assemblies.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2005/05/31/
VL  - 102
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 7800
EP  - 7805
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The manipulation of photons in structures smaller than the wavelength of light is central to the development of nanoscale integrated photonic systems for computing, communications, and sensing. We assemble small groups of freestanding, chemically synthesized nanoribbons and nanowires into model structures that illustrate how light is exchanged between subwavelength cavities made of three different semiconductors. The coupling strength of the optical linkages formed when nanowires are brought into contact depends both on their volume of interaction and angle of intersection. With simple coupling schemes, lasing nanowires can launch coherent pulses of light through ribbon waveguides that are up to a millimeter in length. Also, interwire coupling losses are low enough to allow light to propagate across several right-angle bends in a grid of crossed ribbons. The fraction of the guided wave traveling outside the wire/ribbon cavities is used to link nanowires through space and to separate colors within multiribbon networks. In addition, we find that nanoribbons function efficiently as waveguides in liquid media and provide a unique means for probing molecules in solution or in proximity to the waveguide surface. Our results lay the spadework for photonic devices based on assemblies of active and passive nanowire elements and presage the use of nanowire waveguides in microfluidics and biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - evanescent
KW  - nanoribbon
KW  - photonics
KW  - subwavelength
KW  - waveguide
N1  - Accession Number: 17320097; Sirbuly, Donald J. 1,2 Law, Matt 1,2 Pauzauskie, Peter 1 Yan, Haoquan 1 Maslov, Alex V. 3 Knutsen, Kelly 1 Cun-Zheng Ning; Email Address: p_yang@berkeley.edu. Saykally, Richard J. 1 Peidong Yang 1,2; Email Address: p_yang@berkeley.edu.; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720  2: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 5/31/2005, Vol. 102 Issue 22, p7800; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: LIGHT; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: evanescent; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoribbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: photonics; Author-Supplied Keyword: subwavelength; Author-Supplied Keyword: waveguide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0408641102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Tian-Bing
AU  - Su, Ji
T1  - Development, characterization, and theoretical evaluation of electroactive polymer-based micropump diaphragm
JO  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2005/05/31/
VL  - 121
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
EP  - 274
SN  - 09244247
AB  - Abstract: A micropump diaphragm, based on the high energy electron irradiated poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)), an electroactive polymer (EAP), has been developed for air dynamic flow control. Its displacement stroke, profiles, and volume stroke rate (the volume change rate) have been characterized as a function of the electric field and the driving frequency. The displacement at the center of the diaphragm can reach 21μm at 106V/μm with the driving frequency of 10Hz. The dispersion of the displacement is less than 30% for more than four frequency decades (0.1–1000Hz). The characteristics of the electroactive polymer micropump diaphragm (EAPMPD) have also been theoretically evaluated. The volume rate of the EAPMPD can be 550μL/min at 80V/μm with the frequency of 1000Hz. This study demonstrates that the volume rate of the diaphragm is high, and either the amplitude or the frequency of the applied electric field can tune it. In addition, when the performance of the diaphragm is modeled, the agreement between the theoretical results and the experimental data validates that the modeling provides an effective tool to guide EAPMPD design for an optimized performance. The results demonstrate that the diaphragm can be a candidate for aerospace applications to replace the traditional complex mechanical systems, increase the control capability, and reduce the weight for future air dynamic control systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDUCTING polymers
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - Actuation
KW  - Displacement
KW  - Electroactive polymer (EAP)
KW  - Micropump diaphragm
KW  - Pumping speed
KW  - Volume rate
N1  - Accession Number: 18134605; Xu, Tian-Bing 1; Email Address: t.xu@larc.nasa.gov Su, Ji 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2005, Vol. 121 Issue 1, p267; Subject Term: CONDUCTING polymers; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Displacement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electroactive polymer (EAP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Micropump diaphragm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pumping speed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volume rate; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sna.2005.01.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gorti, Sridhar
AU  - Forsythe, Elizabeth L.
AU  - Pusey, Marc L.
T1  - Measurable characteristics of lysozyme crystal growth.
JO  - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell)
JF  - Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell)
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 61
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 837
EP  - 843
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 09074449
AB  - The behavior of protein crystal growth is estimated from measurements performed at both the microscopic and molecular levels. In the absence of solutal flow, it was determined that a model that balances the macromolecular flux toward the crystal surface with the flux of the crystal surface well characterizes crystal growth observed using microscopic methods. Namely, it was determined that the model provides accurate estimates for the crystal-growth velocities upon evaluation of crystal-growth measurements obtained in time. Growth velocities thus determined as a function of solution supersaturation were further interpreted using established deterministic models. From analyses of crystal-growth velocities, it was found that the mode of crystal growth varies with respect to increasing solution supersaturation, possibly owing to kinetic roughening. To verify further the hypothesis of kinetic roughening, crystal growth at the molecular level was examined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). From the AFM measurements, it was found that the magnitude of surface-height fluctuations, h(x), increases with increasing solution super-saturation. In contrast, the estimated characteristic length, ξ, decreases rapidly upon increasing solution supersaturation. It was conjectured that the magnitude of both h(x) and ξ could possibly determine the mode of crystal growth. Although the data precede any exact theory, the non-critical divergence of h(x) and ξ with respect to increasing solution supersaturation was nevertheless preliminarily established. Moreover, approximate models to account for behavior of both h(x) and ξ are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Crystallographica: Section D (Wiley-Blackwell) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LYSOZYMES
KW  - CRYSTALLOIDS (Botany)
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - FREE surfaces (Crystallography)
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 17193776; Gorti, Sridhar 1; Email Address: sridhar.gorti-1@nasa.gov Forsythe, Elizabeth L. 1 Pusey, Marc L. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville  2: BAE SYSTEMS at MSFC, Physical and Biological Sciences Laboratory, NASA/MSFC, Huntsville,AL 35812, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 61 Issue 6, p837; Subject Term: LYSOZYMES; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOIDS (Botany); Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: FREE surfaces (Crystallography); Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lian, Yongsheng
AU  - Meng-Sing Liou
T1  - Multiobjective Optimization Using Coupled Response Surface Model and Evolutionary Algorithm.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1316
EP  - 1325
SN  - 00011452
AB  - In this work we develop an efficient approach for computationally expensive multiobjective design optimization problems. In this approach we bring together design of experiment, a response surface model, a genetic algorithm, and computational-fluid-dynamics analysis tools to provide an integrated optimization system. We use an improved hypercube sampling to preselect an array of design points on which the computational-fluid-dynamics code will run. Then a computationally cheap surrogate model is constructed based on response surface approximation. A real-coded genetic algorithm is then applied on the surrogate model to perform multiobjective optimization. Representative solutions are chosen from the Pareto-optimal front to verify against the computational-fluid-dynamics code. This proposed method is used in the redesign of a single-stage turbopump, a two-stage turbopump, and the NASA rotor67 transonic compressor blade. For the single-stage pump optimization problem, we can improve the total head rise by 1.2 % with the same power input; for the multistage pump problem, we can improve the total head rise by 0.5% at the same power input; for the rotor67 compressor blade design, we can increase the pressure ratio by 1.8% or reduce the entropy generation by 6.2%. We achieve these with a much reduced computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - INDUSTRIAL design
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 17266898; Lian, Yongsheng 1,2; Email Address: ylian@umich.edu Meng-Sing Liou 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142  2: Visiting Scholar, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1316; Subject Term: MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL design; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slutsky, Boris A.
T1  - Compensation of Anelastic Error in Force Measurement.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1326
EP  - 1335
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The output of a force sensor can change over time under constant load as a result of anelastic creep of components. An empirical model of this behavior in force sensors is presented. Unlike previous work, the model does not a priori assume an exponential functional form for the creep. Once parameters are obtained in a simple calibration procedure, sensor output can be quantitatively predicted, and the error that would otherwise appear in the measurement can be corrected mathematically. The proposed model captures over 98% of anelastic behavior in the bending beam load cell studied and is expected to apply to other force sensors as well, including wind-tunnel strain-gauge balances. The model also helps visualize the consequences of anelastic creep in typical calibration and test scenarios. Results demonstrate that creep-induced error can reach or even exceed 0.3% of measured load, depending on the quality of the sensor and the load schedule. Examples are given of loading patterns susceptible to the error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TACTILE sensors
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - INTERNAL friction
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 17266899; Slutsky, Boris A. 1,2; Email Address: bslutsky@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Ames Associate, Aeromechanics Branch, Army/NASA Rotorcraft Division, M/S N246-012; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1326; Subject Term: TACTILE sensors; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: INTERNAL friction; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Thomas M.
AU  - Ballenthin, John O.
AU  - Viggiano, A.A.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Wey, Chowen C.
T1  - Mass distribution and concentrations of negative chemiions in the exhaust of a jet engine: Sulfuric acid concentrations and observation of particle growth
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 39
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 3069
EP  - 3079
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Measurements of negative-ion composition and density have been made in the exhaust of a J85-GE-5H turbojet, at ground level, as part of the NASA-EXCAVATE campaign. The mass spectrometer was placed 3m from the exhaust plane of the engine. Measurements were done as a function of engine power in six steps from idle (50%) to military power (100%). Since the exhaust velocity changes with power, this also corresponds to a time evolution for ion growth. At 100% power most of the ions are HSO4− with minor amounts of HSO4−(H2O) n . With decreasing engine power the degree of hydration increases. In addition, ions with a 139-amu core dominate the spectra at lower engine power. The chemical identity of this ion is unknown. Observation of a small amount of NO3− core ions in the high-power spectra allows the determination of H2SO4 concentrations, which turn out to be a fraction-of-a-percent of the total sulfur in the fuel. Combining the present data with several previous composition measurements allows one to observe ion evolution from bare ions to ions with masses >8000amu. Ion densities are derived and appear consistent with previous measurements used in modeling studies indicating that ion nucleation is a probable mechanism for volatile aerosol formation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONS
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - SULFURIC acid
KW  - MASS spectrometers
KW  - Aerosol growth
KW  - Ion-induced nucleation
KW  - Jet engine
KW  - Mass spectrometer
KW  - Sulfuric acid
N1  - Accession Number: 17953687; Miller, Thomas M. 1 Ballenthin, John O. 1 Viggiano, A.A. 1; Email Address: albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil Anderson, Bruce E. 2 Wey, Chowen C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom Air Force Base, 29 Randolph Road, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA  3: Engine Components Division, Army Research Laboratory/High Speed Systems Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 39 Issue 17, p3069; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: SULFURIC acid; Subject Term: MASS spectrometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion-induced nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfuric acid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.01.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kao, David L.
AU  - Kramer, Marc G.
AU  - Love, Alison L.
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
AU  - Pang, Alex T.
T1  - Visualizing Distributions from Multi-Return Lidar Data to Understand Forest Structure.
JO  - Cartographic Journal
JF  - Cartographic Journal
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 47
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00087041
AB  - Spatially distributed probability density functions (pdfs) are becoming more relevant to Earth scientists and ecologists because of stochastic models and new sensors that provide numerous realizations or data points per unit area. One source of these data is from multi-return airborne lidar, a type of laser that records multiple returns for each pulse of light sent towards the ground. Data from multi-return lidar is a vital tool in helping us understand the structure of forest canopies over large extents. This paper presents visualization tools to allow scientists to rapidly explore, interpret and discover characteristic distributions within the entire spatial field. The major contribution of this work is a paradigm shift which allows ecologists to think of and analyse their data in terms of full distributions, not just summary statistics. The tools allow scientists to depart from traditional parametric statistical analyses and to associate multimodal distribution characteristics to forest structures. Information on the modality and shape of distributions, previously ignored, can now be visualized as well. Examples are given using data from High Island, southeast Alaska. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cartographic Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION visualization
KW  - CARTOGRAPHY
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - LASER communication systems
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - INFORMATION science
KW  - DENSITY ESTIMATION
KW  - geovisualization
KW  - interactive
KW  - INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION
KW  - lidar
KW  - MODE FINDING
KW  - probability density functions
N1  - Accession Number: 17523709; Kao, David L. 1; Email Address: David.L.Kao@nasa.gov Kramer, Marc G. 2; Email Address: kramerm@fsl.orst.edu Love, Alison L. 3; Email Address: alove@adobe.com Dungan, Jennifer L. 2; Email Address: Jennifer.L.Dungan@nasa.gov Pang, Alex T. 4; Email Address: pang@soe.UCSC.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division  2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center  3: Adobe Systems, Inc.  4: Computer Science Department, UCSC; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p35; Subject Term: INFORMATION visualization; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: LASER communication systems; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: INFORMATION science; Author-Supplied Keyword: DENSITY ESTIMATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: geovisualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: interactive; Author-Supplied Keyword: INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODE FINDING; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability density functions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 11 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1179/000870405X57257
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liang, Michael T. C.
AU  - Arnaud, Sara B.
AU  - Steele, Charles R.
AU  - Hatch, Patrick
AU  - Moreno, Alexjandro
T1  - Ulnar and tibial bending stiffness as an index of bone strength in synchronized swimmers and gymnasts.
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 94
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 400
EP  - 407
SN  - 14396319
AB  - The purpose of this study is to compare a mechanical property of bone in world-class female athletes with different loading histories. Bone bending stiffness or EI ( E is the modulus of elasticity and I, the moment of inertia) was measured noninvasively with the mechanical response tissue analyzer, that analyzes the response of bone to a vibratory stimulus. We evaluated the ulna, ulnar width, wrist density and tibia in 13 synchronized swimmers (SYN), eight gymnasts (GYM) and 16 untrained women (UNT) of similar age. Muscle strength in the flexors and extensors at elbows and knees was measured in the athletes. SYN were taller than GYM or UNT (168±0.7 vs. 152±1.1 or 157±1.2 cm, P< 0.01). Ulnar EI, Nm2, was similar in SYN and GYM (41±5.4 vs. 42±4.2, NS) and 50% higher than in UNT (27±2.1, P<0.05). Ulnar EI, Nm2 was related to ulnar width ( r=0.497, P<0.002, n=37) but not to wrist density. Tibial EI, Nm2, in SYN and GYM (270±42 vs. 285±49, NS) was similar and more than twice as high as in UNT (119±6; p<0.05). Knee flexor strength measured at 60° s−1 and elbow extensor strength at 200° s−1 correlated with tibial EI ( r=0.44 and 0.41, P<0.05). In spite of different loading histories, the tibiae and ulnas of world-class athletes showed similar high values for bending stiffness that exceeded values in untrained women. EI in the ulna could be related to bone width and in the tibia, to muscle strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Journal of Applied Physiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BONES
KW  - SYNCHRONIZED swimmers
KW  - GYMNASTS
KW  - MUSCLE strength
KW  - TIBIA
KW  - Biomechanics
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Mechanical loading
KW  - Muscle
KW  - Young women
N1  - Accession Number: 17434380; Liang, Michael T. C. 1 Arnaud, Sara B. 2; Email Address: sarnaud@mail.arc.nasa.gov Steele, Charles R. 3 Hatch, Patrick 2 Moreno, Alexjandro 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, CA 91768, USA  2: Life Sciences Division, SLR 239-11, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Division of Applied Mechanics, Durand Building, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 94 Issue 4, p400; Subject Term: BONES; Subject Term: SYNCHRONIZED swimmers; Subject Term: GYMNASTS; Subject Term: MUSCLE strength; Subject Term: TIBIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exercise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical loading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muscle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Young women; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00421-005-1351-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lerner, Narcinda R.
AU  - Cooper, George W.
T1  - Iminodicarboxylic acids in the Murchison meteorite: Evidence of Strecker reactions
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 69
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2901
EP  - 2906
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: α-Amino acids and α-hydroxy acids are well known constituents of several carbonaceous meteorites. One proposed mechanism of their formation is the reactions of CN−, NH3, aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solution, a Strecker-like synthesis. Iminodicarboxylic acids, relatively unusual in molecular structure, are significant by-products of laboratory Strecker syntheses of α-amino acids. It is therefore notable that an analogous suite of imino acids has not been reported in CM2 chondrites where amino and hydroxy acids are abundant. In this work, aqueous extracts of the Murchison meteorite were examined for the presence of imino acids; GC-MS and HPLC molecular analyses revealed a complex suite of such acids. With the exception of one of the seven-carbon members, all of the C4 through C7 imino acids were observed in Murchison. These observations suggest that the Strecker synthesis made, at least, some contribution to the formation of extraterrestrial amino acids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBOXYLIC acids
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - ALDEHYDES
N1  - Accession Number: 17918867; Lerner, Narcinda R. 1 Cooper, George W.; Email Address: gcooper@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 69 Issue 11, p2901; Subject Term: CARBOXYLIC acids; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: ALDEHYDES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2004.12.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph D.
AU  - Kraal, Erin R.
AU  - Eddlemon, Eric E.
AU  - Cheney, Jered
AU  - Greeley, Ronald
T1  - Sea-surface wave growth under extraterrestrial atmospheres: Preliminary wind tunnel experiments with application to Mars and Titan
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 175
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 560
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We describe for the first time the generation and measurement of capillary waves in a water surface in a wind tunnel running with air at pressures of 15–1000 mbar. These experiments suggest a stronger dependence of wave generation on atmospheric density than the simple proportionality that might be expected from energy transfer arguments. Additionally, airflow over a nonaqueous fluid (kerosene) was found to produce waves of higher amplitude than for water under the same conditions. These preliminary results may indicate different efficiencies of wave generation on other planets, for which empirical terrestrial relations therefore do not apply, and thus may have a bearing on the lack of strong shoreline features on Mars and the possibility of specular glints from hydrocarbon lakes on Titan. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - UNDERGROUND construction
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 17791323; Lorenz, Ralph D. 1; Email Address: rlorenz@lpl.arizona.edu Kraal, Erin R. 2 Eddlemon, Eric E. 3,4 Cheney, Jered 3,4 Greeley, Ronald 3; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 175 Issue 2, p556; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: UNDERGROUND construction; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barniv, Yair
AU  - Aguilar, Mario
AU  - Hasanbelliu, Erion
T1  - Using EMG to Anticipate Head Motion for Virtual-Environment Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1078
EP  - 1093
SN  - 00189294
AB  - In virtual environment (VE) applications, where virtual objects are presented in a see-through head-mounted display, virtual images must be continuously stabilized in space in response to user's head motion. Time delays in head-motion compensation cause virtual objects to "swim" around instead of being stable in space which results in misalignment errors when overlaying virtual and real objects. Visual update delays are a critical technical obstacle for implementing head-mounted displays in applications such as battlefield simulation/training, telerobotics, and telemedicine. Head motion is currently measurable by a head-mounted 6-degrees-of-freedom inertial measurement unit. However, even given this information, overall VE-system latencies cannot be reduced under about 25 ms. We present a novel approach to eliminating latencies, which is premised on the fact that myoelectric signals from a muscle precede its exertion of force, thereby limb or head acceleration. We thus suggest utilizing neck-muscles' myoelectric signals to anticipate head motion. We trained a neural network to map such signals onto equivalent time-advanced inertial outputs. The resulting network can achieve time advances of up to 70 ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - REALITY
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine
KW  - MEDICINE
N1  - Accession Number: 17181142; Barniv, Yair 1; Email Address: ybarniv@mail.arc.nasa.gov Aguilar, Mario 2; Email Address: maguilar@rwsc.com Hasanbelliu, Erion 3; Email Address: erioni@ksl.jsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Human Information Processing Research Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  2: Intelligent Systems and Planning Group, Rock- well Scientific Company, Research Triangle Park, NC 27510 USA.  3: MCIS Department, Jacksonville State University, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA.; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1078; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: REALITY; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: MEDICINE; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2005.848378
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andre, Carrie L.
AU  - Carlin, John A.
AU  - Boecki, John J.
AU  - Wilt, David M.
AU  - Smith, M. A.
AU  - Pitera, A. J.
AU  - Lee, M. L.
AU  - Fitzgerald, Eugene A.
AU  - Ringel, Steven A.
T1  - Investigations of High-Performance GaAs Solar Cells Grown on Ge-Si1-xGex-Si Substrates.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1060
SN  - 00189383
AB  - High-performance p+ /n GaAs solar cells were grown and processed on compositionally graded Ge-Si1-∞Ge∞-Si (SiGe) substrates. Total area efficiencies of 18.1 % under the AM1.5-G spectrum were measured for 0.0444 cm² solar cells. This high efficiency is attributed to the very high open-circuit voltages (980 mV (AMO) and 973 mV (AM1.5-G)) that were achieved by the reduction in threading dislocation density enabled by the SiGe buffers, and thus reduced carrier recombination losses. This is the highest independently confirmed efficiency and open-circuit voltage for a GaAs solar cell grown on a Si-based substrate to date. Larger area solar cells were also studied in order to examine the impact of device area on GaAs-on-SiGe solar cell performance; we found that an increase in device area from 0.36 to 4.0 cm² did not degrade the measured performance characteristics for cells processed on identical substrates. Moreover, the device performance uniformity for large area heteroepitaxial cells is consistent with that of homoepitaxial cells; thus, device growth and processing on SiGe substrates did not introduce added performance variations. These results demonstrate that using SiGe interlayers to produce "virtual" Ge substrates may provide a robust method for scaleable integration of high performance III-V photovoItaics devices with large area Si wafers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INVESTIGATIONS
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - SILICON
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - Dislocation
KW  - GaAs
KW  - heteroepitaxy
KW  - integration
KW  - lattice-mismatch
KW  - metamorphic
KW  - photovoltaic
KW  - Si
KW  - SiGe
KW  - solar cell.
N1  - Accession Number: 17237703; Andre, Carrie L. 1; Email Address: carrie.andre@akzonobel-pc.com Carlin, John A. 2 Boecki, John J. 3 Wilt, David M. 4 Smith, M. A. 5 Pitera, A. J. 6 Lee, M. L. 6 Fitzgerald, Eugene A. 6 Ringel, Steven A. 7; Email Address: ringel@ece.edu; Affiliation:  1: Akzo Nobel High Purity Metalorganics, Chicago, IL 60607 USA.  2: Amberwave Systems Corporation, Salem, NH 03070 USA.  3: Air Force Research Laboratory's Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright- Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA.  4: Photovoltaic and Space Environment Branch, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.  5: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.  6: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.  7: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1055; Subject Term: INVESTIGATIONS; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dislocation; Author-Supplied Keyword: GaAs; Author-Supplied Keyword: heteroepitaxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: lattice-mismatch; Author-Supplied Keyword: metamorphic; Author-Supplied Keyword: photovoltaic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Si; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiGe; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar cell.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2005.848117
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornby, Gregory S.
AU  - Takamura, Seichi
AU  - Yamamoto, Takashi
AU  - Fujita, Masahiro
T1  - Autonomous Evolution of Dynamic Gaits With Two Quadruped Robots.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 402
EP  - 410
SN  - 15523098
AB  - A challenging task that must be accomplished for every legged robot is creating the walking and running behaviors needed for it to move. In this paper we describe our system for autonomously evolving dynamic gaits on two of Sony's quadruped robots. Our evolutionary algorithm runs on board the robot and uses the robot's sensors to compute the quality of a gait without assistance from the experimenter. First, we show the evolution of a pace and trot gait on the OPEN-R prototype robot. With the fastest gait, the robot moves at over 10 m/min, which is more than forty body-lengths/min. While these first gaits are somewhat sensitive to the robot and environment in which they are evolved, we then show the evolution of robust dynamic gaits, one of which is used on the ERS-110, the first consumer version of AIBO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTS
KW  - QUALITY
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - AUTOMATION
N1  - Accession Number: 17289444; Hornby, Gregory S. 1; Email Address: hornby@email.arc.nasa.gov Takamura, Seichi 2 Yamamoto, Takashi 2 Fujita, Masahiro 3; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  2: Entertainment Robot Company, Sony Corporation, Tokyo 105-0004, Japan.  3: Intelligent Dynamics Laboratory, Sony Corporation, Tokyo 141-0001, Japan.; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p402; Subject Term: ROBOTS; Subject Term: QUALITY; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/FRO.2004.839222
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Shukia, Satyajit
AU  - Seal, Sudipta
T1  - Novel One-Dimensional Nanostructures.
JO  - Interface
JF  - Interface
Y1  - 2005///Summer2005
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 45
SN  - 10648208
AB  - The article presents information on one-dimensional nanostructures. Of all the nanoscale materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received the most attention worldwide. These are configurationally equivalent to a two-dimensional graphene sheet rolled into a tubular structure. With only one wall in the cylinder, the structure is called a single-walled carbon nanotube. The CNT structure is characterized by a chiral vector. When this chiral vector is an integer, the resulting structure is metallic; otherwise, it is a semiconductor. This is a unique electronic property that has excited the physics and device community leading to numerous possibilities in nanoelectronics.
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - CHIRALITY
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - BIOSENSORS
N1  - Accession Number: 17655123; Meyyappan, M. 1,2,3 Shukia, Satyajit 4; Email Address: sshukla@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu Seal, Sudipta 5; Email Address: sseal@mail.ucf.edu; Affiliation:  1: Director, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.  2: Senior Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.  3: Fellow, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE).  4: Research associate, University of Central Florida.  5: Professor, University of Central Florida, Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC).; Source Info: Summer2005, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p41; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: CHIRALITY; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Myers, Jerry G.
AU  - Yerramilli, Vamsee K.
AU  - Hussey, Sam W.
AU  - Yee, Glenda F.
AU  - Kim, Jungho
T1  - Time and space resolved wall temperature and heat flux measurements during nucleate boiling with constant heat flux boundary conditions
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 48
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2429
EP  - 2442
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: The lack of time and space resolved measurements under nucleating bubbles has complicated efforts to fully explain pool-boiling phenomena. In this work, time and space resolved temperature and heat flux distributions under nucleating bubbles on a constant heat flux surface were obtained using a 10×10 microheater array with 100μm resolution along with high-speed images. A numerical simulation was used to compute the substrate conduction, which was then subtracted from the heater power to obtain the wall-to-liquid heat transfer. The data indicated that most of the energy required for bubble growth came from the superheated layer around the bubble. Microlayer evaporation and contact line heat transfer accounted for not more than 23% of the total heat transferred from the surface. The dominant heat transfer mechanism was transient conduction into the liquid during bubble departure. Bubble coalescence was not observed to transfer a significant amount of heat. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - Boiling
KW  - Evaporation
KW  - Microconvection
KW  - Microheater array
KW  - Microlayer
N1  - Accession Number: 17790680; Myers, Jerry G. 1 Yerramilli, Vamsee K. 2 Hussey, Sam W. 1 Yee, Glenda F. 1 Kim, Jungho 2; Email Address: kimjh@eng.umd.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 48 Issue 12, p2429; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaporation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microconvection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microheater array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microlayer; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2004.12.050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wei, Chenyu
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
T1  - MOLECULAR TRANSPORT AND FLUIDICS IN CARBON NANOTUBE.
JO  - International Journal of Nanoscience
JF  - International Journal of Nanoscience
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
EP  - 375
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 0219581X
AB  - In this article we review recent developments in molecular transport and fluidics in carbon nanotube (CNT)-based nanochannels. Atomic molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical studies based on Fokker–Planck diffusion equation on the transport of large and long polymer molecules in CNTs are the focus of the article. Fast translocation and diffusion processes of large molecules in CNTs are reviewed and discussed, considering the effects of interfacial interactions and molecular conformations and structures at interface. The transport features for multiple molecules diffusing through CNTs are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Nanoscience is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - PARABOLIC differential equations
KW  - carbon nanotube
KW  - Molecular transport
KW  - nanochannel
KW  - nanofluidics
KW  - nanopore
N1  - Accession Number: 17644150; Wei, Chenyu 1; Email Address: cwei@nas.nasa.gov Srivastava, Deepak 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p363; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: HEAT equation; Subject Term: PARABOLIC differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanochannel; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanofluidics; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanopore; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pindera, Marek-Jerzy
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Analysis of the spallation mechanism suppression in plasma-sprayed TBCs through the use of heterogeneous bond coat architectures
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1061
EP  - 1096
SN  - 07496419
AB  - Abstract: This paper critically examines the use of heterogeneous bond coats to increase the durability of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings under spatially-uniform cyclic thermal loading. A major failure mechanism in these types of coatings involves spallation of the top coat caused by the top/bond coat thermal expansion mismatch concomitant with deposition-induced top/bond coat interfacial roughness, oxide film growth and creep-induced normal stress reversal at the rough interface’s peaks. The reduction of the top/bond coat thermal expansion mismatch aimed at increasing coating durability can be achieved by embedding alumina particles in the bond coat. Herein, we analyze the evolution of local stress and inelastic strain fields in the vicinity of the rough top/bond coat interface during thermal cycling, and how these fields are influenced by the presence of spatially uniform and non-uniform (graded) distributions of alumina particles in the metallic bond coat. The analysis is conducted using the higher-order theory for functionally graded materials which accounts for the high-temperature creep/relaxation effects within the individual TBC constituents. In the presence of two-phase bond coat microstructures, both the actual and homogenized bond coat properties are employed in the analysis in order to highlight the limitations of the prevalent homogenization-based approach applied to graded materials. The results reveal that the use of heterogeneous, two-phase bond coats, with spatially uniform or graded microstructures, while slightly suppressing the normal stress component evolution in the interfacial peak region, increases the magnitude of the shear stress component as well as the inelastic strain evolution in this region, thereby potentially promoting delamination initiation. The analysis based on homogenized bond coat microstructure produces misleading results relative to how the bond coat heterogeneity affects the magnitude of the normal and shear stress, and inelastic strain, components. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 16134465; Pindera, Marek-Jerzy 1; Email Address: mp3g@virginia.edu Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering and Applied Mechanics Group, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall, P.O. Box 400742, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  2: Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv 69978, Israel  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 21 Issue 6, p1061; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijplas.2004.02.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian-Bing Xu
AU  - Ji Su
T1  - Design, Modeling, Fabrication, and Performances of Bridge-Type High-Performance Electroactive Polymer Micromachined Actuators.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 539
EP  - 547
SN  - 10577157
AB  - Bridge-type high-performance polymer micromachined actuators (PMATs) based on an electroactive polymer, modified poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer had been designed, modeled, fabricated, and characterized. The results show that the material enables the PMAT to exhibit a high stroke level (60 µm displacement with 1 mm lateral dimension microactuator) with high-load capability and high-displacement voltage ratio (DVR) over a broad frequency range (>100 kHz). The stroke reduction in fluid (Silicone oil) is less than 5% comparing with the displacement in air. Impedance analysis and displacement measurement indicate that the PMAT has strong resonance behavior and the resonance frequency can be tuned by varying the dc bias field. Furthermore, the resonance peak, as expected by theoretical study, shifted to 6.5 times lower in fluid than in air with the mechanical Q value reduction less than 40%. In addition, the performance of the PMAT was modeled based on the elastic and electromechanical properties of the materials utilized in the PMAT and the configuration of the device. The comparison between the model and the experimental result shows a good agreement and validates the model as an effective method for the future development of PMAT for various applications. The high frequency response and respected performance in fluid medium demonstrate that the PMAT has potential for high performance MEMS components in the applications of microfluid systems, air dynamic control, under water transducers, and mass sensors, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - MICROACTUATORS
KW  - CONDUCTING polymers
KW  - Displacement
KW  - displacement voltage ratio (DVR)
KW  - effective strain
KW  - electroactive polymer (EAP)
KW  - fluid
KW  - mass
KW  - mass sensor
KW  - microactuator
KW  - resonance
N1  - Accession Number: 17338609; Tian-Bing Xu 1; Email Address: t.xu@larc.nasa.gov Ji Su 2; Email Address: ji.su-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666 USA  2: NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p539; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: MICROACTUATORS; Subject Term: CONDUCTING polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Displacement; Author-Supplied Keyword: displacement voltage ratio (DVR); Author-Supplied Keyword: effective strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: electroactive polymer (EAP); Author-Supplied Keyword: fluid; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: microactuator; Author-Supplied Keyword: resonance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2005.844744
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ray, Chandra S.
AU  - Reis, Signo T.
AU  - Brow, Richard K.
AU  - Höland, Wolfram
AU  - Rheinberger, Volker
T1  - A new DTA method for measuring critical cooling rate for glass formation
JO  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
JF  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 351
IS  - 16/17
M3  - Article
SP  - 1350
EP  - 1358
SN  - 00223093
AB  - Abstract: A new differential thermal analysis (DTA) experimental method has been developed to determine the critical cooling rate for glass formation, R c. The method, which is found especially suitable for melts that, upon cooling, have a small heat of crystallization or a very slow crystallization rate, has been verified using a 38Na2O–62SiO2 (mol%) melt with a known R c (∼19°C/min), then used to determine R c for two complex lithium silicate glass forming melts. The new method is rapid, easy to conduct and yields values for R c that are in excellent agreement with the R c values measured by standard DTA techniques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - GLASS
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - G180
N1  - Accession Number: 18482163; Ray, Chandra S. 1; Email Address: chandra.s.ray@nasa.gov Reis, Signo T. 2 Brow, Richard K. 2 Höland, Wolfram 3 Rheinberger, Volker 3; Affiliation:  1: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  2: Graduate Center for Materials Research/Materials Science & Engineering Department, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  3: Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Bendererstrasse 2, FL-9494 Schaan, Fürstentum, Liechtenstein; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 351 Issue 16/17, p1350; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: G180; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dass
AU  - A.
AU  - Counsil
AU  - J. A.
AU  - Gao
AU  - X.
AU  - Leventis
AU  - N.
T1  - Magnetic Field Effects on the Open Circuit Potential of Ferromagnetic Electrodes in Corroding Solutions.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 109
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 11065
EP  - 11073
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Magnetic fields shift the open circuit potential (OCP) of ferromagnetic electrodes (Fe, Co, and Ni) in corroding solutions. The OCP changes we observe (a) follow the series Fe>Co>Ni; (b) increase with the magnetic flux density; (c) reach a maximum with disk electrodes approximately 1 mm in diameter; and (d) depend on the orientation of the electrode. We report that when the surface of the electrode is oriented parallel (&thgr; = 90°) or perpendicular (&thgr; = 0°) to the magnetic field, the open circuit potential moves in opposite directions (positive and negative, respectively) with the largest changes occurring when the electrode surface is parallel to the magnetic field. Nonconvective sleeve electrodes produce the same behavior. The overall experimental evidence suggests that the magnetic field changes the OCP by modifying the surface concentrations of the paramagnetic participants in the corrosion process of the ferromagnetic electrode by species in solution; this in turn is accomplished by imposing a field-gradient driven mode of mass transfer upon paramagnetic species in solution (magnetophoresis). Simulations of the magnetic field around the ferromagnetic electrode at the two extreme orientations considered here show that in one case (&thgr; = 90°) field gradients actually repel, while in the other case (&thgr; = 0°) they attract paramagnetic species in the vicinity of the electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETICS
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - MAGNETIC induction
KW  - MAGNETIC flux
N1  - Accession Number: 20142839; Dass A. 1 Counsil J. A. 1 Gao X. 1 Leventis N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, Missouri 65409, and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 49-1, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 109 Issue 21, p11065; Subject Term: MAGNETICS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: MAGNETIC induction; Subject Term: MAGNETIC flux; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koh, Joon-Ho
AU  - Hsu, Andrew T.
AU  - Akay, Hasan U.
AU  - Liou, May-Fun
T1  - Analysis of overall heat balance in self-heated proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells for temperature predictions
JO  - Journal of Power Sources
JF  - Journal of Power Sources
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 144
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 122
EP  - 128
SN  - 03787753
AB  - Abstract: The effect of self-heating and cooling by natural convection on a sustainable temperature of PEM fuel cell stacks was studied. Overall mass and heat balance equations are combined to predict self-heated temperatures at various operating conditions. Analyses show that the effect of a heat loss coefficient is more important than other variables such as air flow rate and surrounding temperature. The stack design variables such as active cell area and number of cells also have significant influence on self-controlled temperature. A lower Ohmic resistance of cells is expected to allow a wider range of current load applications. The proposed model can also be used to evaluate heat loss coefficient from measured stack performance and temperature data. Experiments performed on a seven-cell stack of 50cm2 active area were used to provide data for the validation of the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC batteries
KW  - FUEL cells
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - CELLS
KW  - Heat loss
KW  - PEM fuel cell
KW  - Self-heating
KW  - Stack temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 18480299; Koh, Joon-Ho 1 Hsu, Andrew T. 1; Email Address: anhsu@iupui.edu Akay, Hasan U. 1 Liou, May-Fun 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indiana University – Purdue University, Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., SL-260, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 144 Issue 1, p122; Subject Term: ELECTRIC batteries; Subject Term: FUEL cells; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Subject Term: CELLS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEM fuel cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stack temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335910 Battery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2004.12.055
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loston, Adena William
AU  - Steffen, Peggy L.
AU  - McGee, Steven
T1  - NASA Education: Using Inquiry in the Classroom So that Students See Learning in a Whole New Light.
JO  - Journal of Science Education & Technology
JF  - Journal of Science Education & Technology
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 156
SN  - 10590145
AB  - This article addresses how NASA uses inquiry in the classroom so that students can see learning in a whole new light. The goal is to increase scientific literacy among Americans and to entice a greater number of students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Although NASA offers a diverse array of programs that incorporate inquiry learning through a well-established distribution network, this article examines two programs: the Virtual Design Center (VDC), created by the Classroom of the FutureTM, and the NASA Explorer Schools program, one of four pathfinder initiatives that the Agency launched to inspire the next generation of space explorers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Science Education & Technology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCIENCE -- Study & teaching
KW  - INSTRUCTIONAL systems
KW  - EDUCATION -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - careers
KW  - education design
KW  - inquiry
KW  - NASA
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 17434270; Loston, Adena William 1 Steffen, Peggy L. 1; Email Address: psteffen@nasa.gov McGee, Steven 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Education, Washington, DC  2: Classroom of the Future, Center for Educational Technologies, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, West Virginia; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p147; Subject Term: SCIENCE -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: INSTRUCTIONAL systems; Subject Term: EDUCATION -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: careers; Author-Supplied Keyword: education design; Author-Supplied Keyword: inquiry; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10956-005-4418-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Flexure Strength, Fracture Toughness, and Slow Crack Growth of YSZ/Alumina Composites at High Temperatures.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 88
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1474
EP  - 1480
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Flexure strength and fracture toughness of zirconia–alumina composites, fabricated by hot pressing 10 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (10-YSZ) reinforced with 0–30 mol% alumina particulates or platelets, were determined as a function of alumina content at 1000°C in air. Both strength and fracture toughness of the two composite systems increased with increasing alumina content. For a given alumina content, flexure strength of the particulate composites was greater than that of the platelet composites at higher alumina contents (≥20 mol%); whereas, fracture toughness of the platelet composites was greater than that of the particulate counterparts, regardless of the alumina content. The susceptibility to slow crack growth (SCG), determined at 1000°C via constant stress-rate testing, was greatest for 30 mol% particulate composite with SCG parametern=5–8 and was least for 30 mol% platelet composite withn=33. Elastic modulus of both composite systems decreased below 400°C and then remained almost unchanged up to 1000°C, forming a unique transition around 400°C, irrespective of alumina content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - FLEXURE
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS at high temperatures
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
N1  - Accession Number: 17101402; Choi, Sung R. 1; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 88 Issue 6, p1474; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: FLEXURE; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS at high temperatures; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00252.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Verrilli, Michael J.
T1  - Delayed failure of ceramic matrix composites in tension at elevated temperatures
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 25
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1629
EP  - 1636
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Ultimate tensile strength of five different continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), including SiCf/BSAS (two dimensional (2D), 2 types), SiCf/MAS (2D), SiCf/SiC (2D), and Cf/SiC (2D, 2 types), was determined as a function of test rate at 1100–1200°C in air. All five CMCs exhibited a significant dependency of ultimate tensile strength on test rate such that the ultimate tensile strength decreased with decreasing test rate. The dependency of ultimate tensile strength on test rate, the applicability of preload technique, and the predictability of life from one loading configuration (constant stress-rate loading) to another (constant stress loading) all suggested that the overall, phenomenological delayed failure of the CMCs would be governed by a power-law type of slow crack growth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SILICON compounds
KW  - CARBON
KW  - Composites
KW  - Lifetime
KW  - SiC/SiC
KW  - Slow crack growth
KW  - Strength
KW  - Stress–rupture testing
N1  - Accession Number: 17059053; Choi, Sung R.; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Bansal, Narottam P. 1 Verrilli, Michael J. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 25 Issue 9, p1629; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Subject Term: CARBON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lifetime; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC/SiC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slow crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress–rupture testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.05.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Powell, Matthew J.
AU  - Sutton, Jennifer N.
AU  - Del Castillo, Carlos E.
AU  - Timperman, Aaron T.
T1  - Marine proteomics: generation of sequence tags for dissolved proteins in seawater using tandem mass spectrometry
JO  - Marine Chemistry
JF  - Marine Chemistry
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 95
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 198
SN  - 03044203
AB  - Abstract: Dissolved proteins in seawater samples from the Gulf of Mexico were concentrated using tangential flow ultrafiltration and methanol/chloroform/water precipitation. Following concentration and purification, two different separation methods were employed. In one method, intact proteins were separated by SDS–PAGE and digested enzymatically in-gel. In the second method, the peptides resulting from a solution proteolytic digest of the whole protein pellet mixture were separated by capillary HPLC. In both methods, the final chromatographic separation was coupled on-line with a mass spectrometer using an electrospray interface, and peptide CID spectra were collected using tandem mass spectrometry (MS). De novo sequencing of the peptide tandem mass spectra generated short amino acid sequences (peptide tags) that were used to search databases for protein class and source information. Trends of conserved sequences for two specific classes of proteins were observed: membrane/envelope proteins and enzymes. Similarity searching of peptide tags produced identification of conserved sequences from several protein homologues originating from many different species, including: long chain fatty acyl CoA synthetase, anthranilate synthase, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, and luminal binding protein. These results provide new insight into the sources and production mechanisms for dissolved organic matter (DOM), as there is direct evidence for dissolved proteins other than the bacterial outer membrane proteins reported by Tanoue et al. Furthermore, the data presented herein support the idea that physical protection and selective preservation are not mutually exclusive survival mechanisms, but rather these two models are dependent upon one another for explaining the survival of refractory dissolved proteins in seawater. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARINE biology
KW  - PROTEOMICS
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
KW  - MASS spectrometers
KW  - Dissolved organic matter
KW  - Dissolved proteins
KW  - Methanol/chloroform/water precipitation
KW  - Proteomics
KW  - Tandem mass spectrometry
KW  - Ultrafiltration
N1  - Accession Number: 17826619; Powell, Matthew J. 1 Sutton, Jennifer N. 1 Del Castillo, Carlos E. 2; Email Address: carlos.e.delcastillo@nasa.gov Timperman, Aaron T. 1; Email Address: atimperm@wvu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown WV, 26506, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, CODE MA10, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 95 Issue 3/4, p183; Subject Term: MARINE biology; Subject Term: PROTEOMICS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Subject Term: MASS spectrometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissolved organic matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissolved proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanol/chloroform/water precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proteomics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tandem mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrafiltration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.marchem.2004.09.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevens, Bjorn
AU  - Chin-Hoh Moeng
AU  - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU  - Bretherton, Christopher S.
AU  - Chlond, Andreas
AU  - de Roode, Stephan
AU  - Edwards, James
AU  - Golaz, Jean-Christophe
AU  - Hongli Jiang
AU  - Khairoutdinov, Marat
AU  - Kirkpatrick, Michael P.
AU  - Lewellen, David C.
AU  - Lock, Adrian
AU  - Müller, Frank
AU  - Stevens, David E.
AU  - Whelan, Eoin
AU  - Ping Zhu
T1  - Evaluation of Large-Eddy Simulations via Observations of Nocturnal Marine Stratocumulus.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 133
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1443
EP  - 1462
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Data from the first research flight (RF01) of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field study are used to evaluate the fidelity with which large-eddy simulations (LESs) can represent the turbulent structure of stratocumulus-topped boundary layers. The initial data and forcings for this case placed it in an interesting part of parameter space, near the boundary where cloud-top mixing is thought to render the cloud layer unstable on the one hand, or tending toward a decoupled structure on the other hand. The basis of this evaluation consists of sixteen 4-h simulations from 10 modeling centers over grids whose vertical spacing was 5 m at the cloud-top interface and whose horizontal spacing was 35 m. Extensive sensitivity studies of both the configuration of the case and the numerical setup also enhanced the analysis. Overall it was found that (i) if efforts are made to reduce spurious mixing at cloud top, either by refining the vertical grid or limiting the effects of the subgrid model in this region, then the observed turbulent and thermodynamic structure of the layer can be reproduced with some fidelity; (ii) the base, or native configuration of most simulations greatly overestimated mixing at cloud top, tending toward a decoupled layer in which cloud liquid water path and turbulent intensities were grossly underestimated; (iii) the sensitivity of the simulations to the representation of mixing at cloud top is, to a certain extent, amplified by particulars of this case. Overall the results suggest that the use of LESs to map out the behavior of the stratocumulus-topped boundary layer in this interesting region of parameter space requires a more compelling representation of processes at cloud top. In the absence of significant leaps in the understanding of subgrid-scale (SGS) physics, such a representation can only be achieved by a significant refinement in resolution—a refinement that, while conceivable given existing resources, is probably still beyond the reach of most centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17434847; Stevens, Bjorn 1; Email Address: bstevens@atmos.ucla.edu Chin-Hoh Moeng 2 Ackerman, Andrew S. 3 Bretherton, Christopher S. 4 Chlond, Andreas 5 de Roode, Stephan 6 Edwards, James 7 Golaz, Jean-Christophe 8 Hongli Jiang 9 Khairoutdinov, Marat 9 Kirkpatrick, Michael P. 10 Lewellen, David C. 11 Lock, Adrian 12 Müller, Frank 5 Stevens, David E. 13 Whelan, Eoin 12 Ping Zhu 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California  2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  5: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany  6: Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht, Netherlands  7: IBM Business Consulting Services, Boulder, Colorado  8: National Research Council, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California  9: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado  10: School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia  11: MAE Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia  12: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom  13: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 133 Issue 6, p1443; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Demoz, B. B.
AU  - Starr, D. O’C.
AU  - Evans, K. D.
AU  - Lare, A. R.
AU  - Whiteman, D. N.
AU  - Schwemmer, G.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Goldsmith, J. E. M.
AU  - Bisson, S. E.
T1  - The Cold Front of 15 April 1994 over the Central United States. Part I: Observations.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 133
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1525
EP  - 1543
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Detailed observations of the interactions of a cold front and a dryline over the central United States that led to dramatic undulations in the boundary layer, including an undular bore, are investigated using high-resolution water vapor mixing ratio profiles measured by Raman lidars. The lidar-derived water vapor mixing ratio profiles revealed the complex interaction between a dryline and a cold-frontal system. An elevated, well-mixed, and deep midtropospheric layer, as well as a sharp transition (between 5- and 6-km altitude) to a drier region aloft, was observed. The moisture oscillations due to the undular bore and the mixing of the prefrontal air mass with the cold air at the frontal surface are all well depicted. The enhanced precipitable water vapor and roll clouds, the undulations associated with the bore, the strong vertical circulation and mixing that led to the increase in the depth of the low-level moist layer, and the subsequent lifting of this moist layer by the cold-frontal surface, as well as the feeder flow behind the cold front, are clearly indicated. A synthesis of the Raman lidar–measured water vapor mixing ratio profiles, satellite, radiometer, tower, and Oklahoma Mesonet data indicated that the undular bore was triggered by the approaching cold front and propagated south-southeastward. The observed and calculated bore speeds were in reasonable agreement. Wave-ducting analysis showed that favorable wave-trapping mechanisms existed; a low-level stable layer capped by an inversion, a well-mixed midtropospheric layer, and wind curvature from a low-level jet were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - PRECIPITABLE water
KW  - OKLAHOMA
N1  - Accession Number: 17434843; Demoz, B. B. 1; Email Address: belay.b.demoz@nasa.gov Starr, D. O’C. 1 Evans, K. D. 2 Lare, A. R. 3 Whiteman, D. N. 1 Schwemmer, G. 1 Ferrare, R. A. 4 Goldsmith, J. E. M. 5 Bisson, S. E. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  2: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  3: L-3 Communications Government Services, Inc., Chantilly, Virginia  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  5: Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 133 Issue 6, p1525; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: PRECIPITABLE water; Subject Term: OKLAHOMA; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korycansky, D.G.
AU  - Zahnle, K.J.
T1  - Modeling crater populations on Venus and Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 53
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 695
EP  - 710
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We describe a model for crater populations on planets and satellites with dense atmospheres, like those of Venus and Titan. The model takes into account ablation (or mass shedding), pancaking, and fragmentation. Fragmentation is assumed to occur due to the hydrodynamic instabilities promoted by the impactors’ deceleration in the atmosphere. Fragments that survive to hit the ground make craters or groups thereof. Crater sizes are estimated using standard laws in the gravity regime, modified to take into account impactor disruption. We use Monte Carlo methods to pick parameters from appropriate distributions of impactor mass, zenith angle, and velocity. Good fits to the Venus crater populations (including multiple crater fields) can be found with reasonable values of model parameters. An important aspect of the model is that it reproduces the dearth of small craters on Venus: this is due to a cutoff on crater formation we impose, when the expected crater would be smaller than the (dispersed) object that would make it. Hydrodynamic effects alone (ablation, pancaking, fragmentation) due to the passage of impactors through the atmosphere are insufficient to explain the lack of small craters. In our favored model, the observed number of craters (940) is produced by impactors with masses , yielding an age of (1- uncertainty) for the venusian surface. This figure does not take into account any uncertainties in crater scaling and impactor population characteristics, which probably increase the uncertainty to a factor of two in age. We apply the model with the same parameter values to Titan to predict crater populations under differing assumptions of impactor populations that reflect present conditions. We assume that the impactors (comets) are made of 50% porous ice. Predicted crater production rates are craters . The smallest craters on Titan are predicted to be in diameter, and crater fields are expected. If the impactors are composed of solid ice (density ), crater production rates increase by and the smallest crater is predicted to be in diameter. We give cratering rates for denser comets and atmospheres 0.1 and 10 times as thick as Titan''s current atmosphere. We also explicitly address leading-trailing hemisphere asymmetries that might be seen if Titan''s rotation rate were strictly synchronous over astronomical timescales: if that is the case, the ratio of crater production on the leading hemisphere to that on the trailing hemisphere is . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Craters
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Titan
KW  - Venus
N1  - Accession Number: 17790416; Korycansky, D.G. 1; Email Address: kory@es.ucsc.edu Zahnle, K.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: CODEP/IGPP, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 53 Issue 7, p695; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2005.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lathrop, William B.
AU  - Kaiser, Mary K.
T1  - Acquiring Spatial Knowledge While Traveling Simple and Complex Paths with Immersive and Nonimmersive Interfaces.
JO  - Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments
JF  - Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 263
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10547460
AB  - Exploration of virtual environments may be accomplished with different interface metaphors. Previous research suggests that vestibular and proprioceptive information provided by immersive interfaces facilitates spatial orientation on simple path-integration tasks. We examine whether these interface variables impact performance across paths of variable complexity. Our immersive interface provided all users the ability to conduct the search component of our task more efficiently. Our results, however, show that the immersive interface was no more effective than our nonimmersive one for maintaining orientation. In fact, the immersive interface had a negative impact on performance (absolute error) for individuals who had extensive experience with playing video games. When measured in terms of consistency of response, our results suggest that having extensive game-play experience will negatively impact orientation performance with both interfaces. We speculate that this is due to the conflicting nature of the skills that avid game players acquire in game-play versus those required to perform in our task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPATIAL ability
KW  - SPATIAL behavior
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17434692; Lathrop, William B. 1; Email Address: steilskin@yahoo.com Kaiser, Mary K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Psychology Department, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA 95064 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p249; Subject Term: SPATIAL ability; Subject Term: SPATIAL behavior; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Paul U.
AU  - Tversky, Barbara
T1  - Interplay Between Visual and Spatial: The Effect of Landmark Descriptions on Comprehension of Route/Survey Spatial Descriptions.
JO  - Spatial Cognition & Computation
JF  - Spatial Cognition & Computation
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 185
SN  - 13875868
AB  - Successful wayfinding requires accurate encoding of two types of information: landmarks and the spatial relations between them (e.g., landmark X is left/north of Y). Although both types of information are crucial to wayfinding, behavioral and neurological evidence suggest that they have different substrates. In this paper, we consider the nature of the difference by examining comprehension times of spatial information (i.e., route and survey descriptions) and landmark descriptions. In two studies, participants learned simple environments by reading descriptions from route or survey perspectives, half with a single perspective switch. On half of the switch trials, a landmark description was introduced just prior to the perspective switch. In the first study, landmarks were embellished with descriptions of visual details, while in the second study, landmarks were embellished with descriptions of historic or other factual information. The presence of landmark descriptions did not increase the comprehension time of either route or survey descriptions, suggesting that landmark descriptions are perspective-neutral. Furthermore, visual landmark descriptions speeded comprehension time when the perspective was switched, whereas factual landmark descriptions had no effect on perspective switching costs. Taken together, the findings support separate processes for landmark and spatial information in construction of spatial mental models, and point to the importance of visual details of landmarks in facilitating mental model construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Spatial Cognition & Computation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MENTAL models theory (Communication)
KW  - PERSPECTIVE (Visual perception)
KW  - COMPREHENSION
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - SPATIAL ability
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - landmark
KW  - perspective
KW  - route
KW  - spatial
KW  - spatial mental models
KW  - survey
KW  - Visual
KW  - wayfinding
N1  - Accession Number: 18376894; Lee, Paul U. 1; Email Address: plee@mail.arc.nasa.gov Tversky, Barbara 2; Affiliation:  1: SJSU / NASA Ames Research Center  2: Stanford University; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 5 Issue 2/3, p163; Subject Term: MENTAL models theory (Communication); Subject Term: PERSPECTIVE (Visual perception); Subject Term: COMPREHENSION; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: SPATIAL ability; Subject Term: COGNITION; Author-Supplied Keyword: landmark; Author-Supplied Keyword: perspective; Author-Supplied Keyword: route; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial mental models; Author-Supplied Keyword: survey; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual; Author-Supplied Keyword: wayfinding; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1207/s15427633scc052&3_4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bandrivskyy, A.
AU  - Luchinsky, D. G.
AU  - McClintock, P. V. E.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V. N.
AU  - Stefanovska, A.
T1  - INFERENCE OF SYSTEMS WITH DELAY AND APPLICATIONS TO CARDIOVASCULAR DYNAMICS.
JO  - Stochastics & Dynamics
JF  - Stochastics & Dynamics
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 331
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02194937
AB  - A Bayesian inference technique, able to encompass stochastic nonlinear systems, is described. It is applicable to differential equations with delay and enables values of model parameters, delay, and noise intensity to be inferred from measured time series. The procedure is demonstrated on a very simple one-dimensional model system, and then applied to inference of parameters in the Mackey-Glass model of the respiratory control system based on measurements of ventilation in a healthy subject. It is concluded that the technique offers a promising tool for investigating cardiovascular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Stochastics & Dynamics is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR system
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - RESPIRATION
KW  - BIOLOGICAL control systems
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - cardiovascular dynamics
KW  - Stochastic delay equation
N1  - Accession Number: 17250179; Bandrivskyy, A. 1; Email Address: a.bandrivskyy@gmx.net Luchinsky, D. G. 1; Email Address: d.luchinsky@lancaster.ac.uk McClintock, P. V. E. 1; Email Address: p.v.e.mcclintock@lancaster.ac.uk Smelyanskiy, V. N. 2; Email Address: Vadim.N.Smelyanskiy@nasa.gov Stefanovska, A. 3; Email Address: aneta@osc.fe.uni-lj.si; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB,  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000,  3: Nonlinear Dynamics and Synergetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška 25, 1000 Ljubljana,; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p321; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR system; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: RESPIRATION; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL control systems; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiovascular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic delay equation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Smith, Richard J.
T1  - Atomistic modeling of Ag deposition on the low-index faces of Al and Al deposition on Ag
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2005/06//
VL  - 583
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 252
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: The deposition of Ag on low-index surfaces of Al, and the symmetric case of Al on Ag surfaces, are studied by means of a simple modeling approach based on a quantum approximate technique, the BFS method for alloys. For submonolayer deposits of Ag on Al, a preference is seen for growth of close-packed chains along nearest-neighbor directions on (100) and (110) surfaces, while cluster formation is preferred for growth on Al(111). For Al deposition on all three low-index Ag surfaces, diffusion of Al into the Ag surface layers is favored. The behavior seen on the various surfaces is attributed to a competition between the preference for Ag atoms to favor an Al environment, while Al atoms tend to avoid the increased energy associated with having Ag neighbors. The energies of the various atomic configurations are then determined by how the two competing effects manifest themselves for the corresponding geometric arrangements considered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - Adatoms
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Semi-empirical methods and model calculations
KW  - Silver
KW  - Surface alloys
KW  - Surface structure
N1  - Accession Number: 17825208; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Garcés, Jorge E. 3 Smith, Richard J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina  4: Physics Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 583 Issue 2/3, p229; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Adatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silver; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2005.03.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hwang, S.M.
AU  - Ryu, Si-Ok
AU  - Witt, K.J. De
AU  - Rabinowitz, M.J.
T1  - High temperature rate coefficient measurements of H+O2 chain-branching and chain-terminating reaction
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/06/07/
VL  - 408
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 111
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: Rate coefficients for H+O2 →OH+O (R1) and H+O2 +M→HO2 +M (R9) were measured via OH absorption behind reflected shock waves, being: k 1 =6.73×1015 T −0.50 exp(−8390K/T) cm3 mol−1 s−1 at T =950–3100K and k 9,0/[Ar]=5.55×1018 T −1.15 cm6 mol−2 s−1 at T =950–1200K. Our experimental results for k 1 strongly support recent ab initio calculations showing temperature curvature due to back dissociation, HO2 →O+OH following O+OH→HO2 if the reaction is considered from the reverse direction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SCISSION (Chemistry)
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 18495077; Hwang, S.M. 1 Ryu, Si-Ok 2 Witt, K.J. De 1 Rabinowitz, M.J. 3; Email Address: martin.j.rabinowitz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Dae Gu, South Korea  3: NASA, Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Research and Technology Directorate, Mail Stop 5-10, Brook Park, OH 44135-3191, United States; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 408 Issue 1-3, p107; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SCISSION (Chemistry); Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.03.140
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mielke, Steven L.
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Peterson, Kirk A.
T1  - Benchmark calculations of the complete configuration-interaction limit of Born–Oppenheimer diagonal corrections to the saddle points of isotopomers of the H+H2 reaction.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/06/08/
VL  - 122
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 224313
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We present a detailed ab initio study of the effect that the Born–Oppenheimer diagonal correction (BODC) has on the saddle-point properties of the H3 system and its isotopomers. Benchmark values are presented that are estimated to be within 0.1 cm-1 of the complete configuration-interaction limit. We consider the basis set and correlation treatment requirements for accurate BODC calculations, and both are observed to be more favorable than for the Born–Oppenheimer energies. The BODC raises the H+H2 barrier height by 0.1532 kcal/mol and slightly narrows the barrier—with the imaginary frequency increasing by ∼2%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - TOTAL quality management
KW  - EDUCATION benchmarking
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - BEST practices
N1  - Accession Number: 17404430; Mielke, Steven L. 1; Email Address: simielke@chem.northwestern.edu Schwenke, David W. 2; Email Address: david.w.schwenke@iiasa.gov Peterson, Kirk A. 3; Email Address: kipeters@wsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  3: Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630; Source Info: 6/8/2005, Vol. 122 Issue 22, p224313; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Subject Term: TOTAL quality management; Subject Term: EDUCATION benchmarking; Subject Term: STANDARDS; Subject Term: BEST practices; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 8 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1917838
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sotin, C.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Brown, R. H.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Soderblom, L. A.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D. P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D. L.
AU  - McCord, T. B.
AU  - Nelson, R. M.
T1  - Release of volatiles from a possible cryovolcano from near-infrared imaging of Titan.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/06/09/
VL  - 435
IS  - 7043
M3  - Article
SP  - 786
EP  - 789
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Titan is the only satellite in our Solar System with a dense atmosphere. The surface pressure is 1.5 bar (ref. 1) and, similar to the Earth, N2 is the main component of the atmosphere. Methane is the second most important component, but it is photodissociated on a timescale of 107 years (ref. 3). This short timescale has led to the suggestion that Titan may possess a surface or subsurface reservoir of hydrocarbons to replenish the atmosphere. Here we report near-infrared images of Titan obtained on 26 October 2004 by the Cassini spacecraft. The images show that a widespread methane ocean does not exist; subtle albedo variations instead suggest topographical variations, as would be expected for a more solid (perhaps icy) surface. We also find a circular structure∼30 km in diameter that does not resemble any features seen on other icy satellites. We propose that the structure is a dome formed by upwelling icy plumes that release methane into Titan's atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - VOLCANOES
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 17265706; Sotin, C. 1; Email Address: Christophe.Sotin@univ-nantes.fr Jaumann, R. 2 Buratti, B. J. 3 Brown, R. H. 4 Clark, R. N. 5 Soderblom, L. A. 6 Baines, K. H. 3 Bellucci, G. 7 Bibring, J.-P. 8 Capaccioni, F. 9 Cerroni, P. 9 Combes, M. 10 Coradini, A. 7 Cruikshank, D. P. 11 Drossart, P. 10 Formisano, V. 7 Langevin, Y. 8 Matson, D. L. 3 McCord, T. B. 12 Nelson, R. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, UMR CNRS 6112, Université de Nantes, Nantes, 44100, France.  2: Institute of Planetary Exploration, DLR, Berlin, 12489, Germany.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA.  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Stewart Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0092, USA.  5: US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA.  6: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, USA.  7: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Rome, 00133, Italy.  8: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405, France.  9: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, CNR, Rome, 00133, Italy.  10: Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, 92195, France.  11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA.  12: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA.; Source Info: 6/9/2005, Vol. 435 Issue 7043, p786; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: VOLCANOES; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03596
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suresh, Ambady
T1  - Interaction of a shock with a density disturbance via shock fitting
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2005/06/10/
VL  - 206
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 6
EP  - 15
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: An accurate solution to the problem of a normal shock moving into still fluid with a density variation is presented. The solution is obtained using a shock fitted approach and Runge–Kutta time integration. Uniform third order accuracy of the scheme us demonstrated. Comparisons with shock captured solutions show that the fitted solution presented here is more accurate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - SHOCK (Pathology)
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - Exact solutions
KW  - Shock capturing
KW  - Shock fitting
N1  - Accession Number: 17676059; Suresh, Ambady 1; Email Address: ambady.suresh@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 142-4, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 206 Issue 1, p6; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: SHOCK (Pathology); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exact solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock capturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock fitting; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2004.11.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silver, E.
AU  - Schnopper, H. W.
AU  - Jones, C.
AU  - Forman, W.
AU  - Romaine, S.
AU  - Madden, N.
AU  - Landis, D.
AU  - Beeman, J.
AU  - Haller, E. E.
AU  - Barbera, M.
AU  - Christensen, F.
AU  - Ramsey, B.
AU  - Woosley, S.
AU  - Diehl, R.
T1  - High Energy, High Resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy: Microcalorimeters For Nuclear Line Astrophysics.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/06/13/
VL  - 774
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 391
EP  - 399
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We introduce focusing optics and microcalorimeter spectroscopy to nuclear line emission astrophysics with a balloon payload concept called, B-MINE. It is designed to probe the deepest regions of a supernova explosion by detecting 44Ti emission at 68 keV with spatial and spectral resolutions that are sufficient to determine the velocity distribution of the 44Ti emitting region. B-MINE has a thin plastic foil telescope multilayered to maximize the reflectivity in a 20 keV band centered at 68 keV and a microcalorimeter array optimized for the same energy band. This combination provides a reduced background, an energy resolution of 50 eV and a 3σ sensitivity in 106 s of 6 × 10-8 ph cm-2 s-1 at 68 keV. During the course of a long duration balloon flight, B-MINE could carry out a detailed study of the 44Ti emission line centroids and width in CAS A. Details of the spectrometer and simulated results are presented. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE -- Spectra
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - CALORIMETERS
KW  - TEMPERATURE measuring instruments
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 17590313; Silver, E. 1 Schnopper, H. W. 1 Jones, C. 1 Forman, W. 1 Romaine, S. 1 Madden, N. 2 Landis, D. 3 Beeman, J. 3 Haller, E. E. 3 Barbera, M. 4 Christensen, F. 5 Ramsey, B. 6 Woosley, S. 7 Diehl, R. 8; Affiliation:  1: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory  2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  3: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  4: Osservatorio Astronomico G.S. Vaiana  5: Danish Space Research Institute  6: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center  7: University of California at Santa Cruz  8: Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestriche Physik; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 774 Issue 1, p391; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE -- Spectra; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: CALORIMETERS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measuring instruments; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1960959
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Y.
AU  - Chaban, G.M.
AU  - Gerber, R.B.
T1  - Theoretical study of anharmonic vibrational spectra of HNO3, HNO3–H2O, HNO4: Fundamental, overtone and combination excitations
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/06/15/
VL  - 313
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 224
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: Vibrational frequencies are computed for the fundamental, OH stretching overtone and combination transitions of HNO3, HNO4 and the HNO3–H2O complex. The frequencies are computed directly from ab initio MP2 potential surface points, using the correlation corrected vibrational self-consistent field (CC-VSCF) method, which includes anharmonic effects. The results are compared with experimental data. The computed fundamental transitions are in accord with experiment. The main improvement over the harmonic approximation is for the OH stretching frequencies. The OH overtone excitations (up to the 3rd overtone) of HNO3, HNO4 are also in good accord with experiment. For overtone levels near the dissociation threshold, the deviations from experiment are larger, as the VSCF method is unsatisfactory for the extremely large anharmonicities in these cases. Finally, very satisfactory results are obtained for the combination mode transitions. The main conclusions are (1) CC-VSCF seems to work well also for low overtone excitations and for combination transitions. (2) The MP2/TZP potential surfaces, used in the CC-VSCF calculations, are by the test of spectroscopy adequate for these species. The results are encouraging for VSCF calculations of larger, related systems such as HNO3–(H2O) n , n >1. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SCISSION (Chemistry)
KW  - ACIDITY function
KW  - Ab initio
KW  - Nitric acid
KW  - Vibrational spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 17667114; Miller, Y. 1 Chaban, G.M. 2 Gerber, R.B. 1,3; Email Address: benny@fh.huji.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 313 Issue 1-3, p213; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SCISSION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ACIDITY function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ab initio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitric acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrational spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.01.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Takmeng Wong
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Reply.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/06/15/
VL  - 18
IS  - 12
M3  - Letter
SP  - 2128
EP  - 2131
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor in response to Chou and Lindzen's claim that the long-term Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) nonscanner measurements reflect a negative feedback between top of the atmosphere radiation and surface temperature.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 17534801; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov Takmeng Wong 1 Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Yongxiang Hu 1; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Research, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 18 Issue 12, p2128; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hénin, Jérôme
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
AU  - Chipot, Christophe
T1  - Insights into the Recognition and Association of Transmembrane α-Helices. The Free Energy of α-Helix Dimerization in Glycophorin A.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2005/06/15/
VL  - 127
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 8478
EP  - 8484
SN  - 00027863
AB  - The free energy of α-helix dimerization of the transmembrane (TM) region of glycophorin A was estimated from a 125-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulation in a membrane mimetic. The free energy profile was obtained by allowing the TM helical segments to diffuse reversibly along the reaction pathway. Partition of the potential of mean force into free energy components illuminates the critical steps of α-helix recognition and association. At large separations, the TM segments are pushed together by the solvent, allowing initial, but not necessarily native, interhelical interactions to occur. This early recognition stage precedes the formation of native contacts, which is accompanied by a tilt of the helices, characteristic of the dimeric structure. This step is primarily driven by the van der Waals helix-helix interactions. Free energy perturbation calculations of the L75A and 176A point mutations reveal a disruption in helix-helix association due to a loss of favorable dispersion interactions. Additional MD simulations of the native TM dimer and of a single α-helix confirm that, prior to association, individual α-helices are independently stable, in agreement with the "two-stage" model of integral membrane protein folding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEMBRANE proteins
KW  - PROTEIN folding
KW  - PROTEIN conformation
KW  - KETONES
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 17393945; Hénin, Jérôme 1 Pohorille, Andrew 2 Chipot, Christophe 1; Email Address: Christophe.Chipot@edam.uhp-nancy.fr; Affiliation:  1: Equipe de dynamique des assemblages membranaires, UMR CNRS/UHP 7565, Institut nancéien de chimie moléculaire, Université Henri Poincaré, BP 239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy Cedex, France.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, Mail stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California, 94035-1000.; Source Info: 6/15/2005, Vol. 127 Issue 23, p8478; Subject Term: MEMBRANE proteins; Subject Term: PROTEIN folding; Subject Term: PROTEIN conformation; Subject Term: KETONES; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/ja050581y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Rare earth silicate environmental barrier coatings for SiC/SiC composites and Si3N4 ceramics
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/06/15/
VL  - 25
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1705
EP  - 1715
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Rare earth silicates have been investigated to evaluate their potential as an advanced environmental barrier coating (EBC) having higher temperature capability than current EBCs. Volatility data in high steam environments indicate that rare earth monosilicates (RE2SiO5; RE: rare earth element) have lower volatility than the current barium strontium aluminum silicate (BSAS) EBC top coat in combustion environments. Rare earth silicates also exhibit superior chemical compatibility compared to BSAS. The superior chemical compatibility and low volatility are key attributes to achieve higher temperature capability. The chemical compatibility is especially critical for EBCs on Si3N4 because of the high chemical reactivity of some of the oxide additives in Si3N4. In simulated combustion environments, EBCs with a rare earth monosilicate top coat exhibit superior temperature capability and durability compared to the current state-of-the art EBCs with a BSAS top coat. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RARE earths
KW  - METALS
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - VOLATILITY (Finance)
KW  - Environmental barrier coating
KW  - Si3N4
KW  - SiC
N1  - Accession Number: 17059067; Lee, Kang N.; Email Address: Kang.N.Lee@grc.nasa.gov Fox, Dennis S. 1 Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 25 Issue 10, p1705; Subject Term: RARE earths; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: VOLATILITY (Finance); Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Si3N4; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2004.12.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17059067&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hergenrother, Paul M.
AU  - Thompson, Craig M.
AU  - Smith, Joseph G.
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Hinkley, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Lyon, Richard E.
AU  - Moulton, Richard
T1  - Flame retardant aircraft epoxy resins containing phosphorus
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2005/06/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 5012
EP  - 5024
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: As part of a program to develop fire resistant exterior composite structures for future subsonic commercial and general aviation aircraft, flame retardant epoxy resins are under investigation. Epoxies and their curing agents (aromatic diamines) containing phosphorus were synthesized and used to prepare epoxy formulations. Phosphorus was incorporated within the backbone of the epoxy resin and not used as an additive. The resulting cured neat epoxy formulations were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, propane torch test, elemental analysis, microscale combustion calorimetry, and fire calorimetry. Several formulations showed excellent flame retardation with phosphorous contents as low as 1.5% by weight. The fracture toughness and compressive strength of several cured formulations showed no detrimental effect due to phosphorus content. The chemistry and properties of these new epoxy formulations are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIRE resistant materials
KW  - FIREPROOFING agents
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - PHOSPHORUS
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - Fire retardant
KW  - Phosphorus containing epoxies
KW  - Structural epoxy resins
N1  - Accession Number: 17924272; Hergenrother, Paul M. 1 Thompson, Craig M. 2; Email Address: cthompso@nianet.org Smith, Joseph G. 1 Connell, John W. 1 Hinkley, Jeffrey A. 1 Lyon, Richard E. 3 Moulton, Richard 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 6A W. Taylor Street, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23666-1399, USA  3: Federal Aviation Administration, William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 08405, USA  4: Applied Poleramic Inc., Benicia, CA 94510, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 46 Issue 14, p5012; Subject Term: FIRE resistant materials; Subject Term: FIREPROOFING agents; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: PHOSPHORUS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire retardant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phosphorus containing epoxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural epoxy resins; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tam, C.K.W.
AU  - Ju, H.
AU  - Jones, M.G.
AU  - Watson, W.R.
AU  - Parrott, T.L.
T1  - A computational and experimental study of slit resonators
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/06/21/
VL  - 284
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 947
EP  - 984
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Computational and experimental studies are carried out to offer validation of the results obtained from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the flow and acoustic fields of slit resonators. The test cases include slits with 90°corners and slits with 45°beveled edges housed inside an acoustic impedance tube. Slit widths of 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20in are used. Six frequencies from 0.5 to 3.0kHz are chosen. Good agreement is found between computed and measured reflection factors. To provide a more critical test, comparisons are also made at frequencies near a natural resonance of the resonator. Again, good agreement is obtained. In addition, incident sound waves having a white noise spectrum and a prescribed pseudo-random noise spectrum are used in a subsequent series of tests. The computed broadband results are again found to agree well with experimental data. It is believed the present results provide strong support that DNS can eventually be a useful and accurate prediction tool for liner aeroacoustics. The usage of DNS as a design tool is discussed and illustrated by a simple example. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - RESONATORS
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 17809200; Tam, C.K.W. 1; Email Address: tam@math.fsu.edu Ju, H. 1 Jones, M.G. 2 Watson, W.R. 2 Parrott, T.L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4510, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 284 Issue 3-5, p947; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: RESONATORS; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.07.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - Time-dependent density functional theory for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon anions: What is the best approach
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/06/28/
VL  - 409
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 235
EP  - 239
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: The electronic spectra of a variety of large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) anions are required to assess their importance in the interstellar medium. Using the 6-31G** basis set with a set of diffuse pπ functions on the carbon atoms removes all of the unwanted σ* solutions found using the 6-31++G** basis set. The unwanted π* solutions can be removed in the normal way, however, for the PAH anions, it appears that using only the 6-31G** basis set offers a cost effective way of determining the spectra of astrophysical interest. A comparison of the computed and experimental results supports this suggestion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 18013785; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: charles.w.bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 409 Issue 4-6, p235; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.05.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18013785&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lange, Dirk
AU  - Storment, Christopher W.
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - Kovacs, Gregory T.A.
T1  - A microfluidic shadow imaging system for the study of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans in space
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2005/06/29/
VL  - 107
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 904
EP  - 914
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: This article reports on a miniaturized shadow imaging device for the investigation of the behavioral effects of spaceflight on the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, a widely used model organism for the experimental study of genetics, development, radiobiology, as well as behavior and aging. Severe volume and power constraints for the design of satellite payloads indicate the need to miniaturize of space biology experiments and measurement systems. To address this issue, an integrated shadow imager has been developed. It consists of a polycarbonate microculture chamber with a volume of 4μL that supports cultures of C. elegans worms in liquid media. Gas exchange is enabled through a gas-permeable membrane forming the top of the chamber. Shadow images are acquired with a CMOS video camera chip attached to the bottom of the microchamber. Image artifacts due to diffraction at the worm bodies are reduced by decreasing illumination wavelength and object/camera distance. As an alternative to video acquisition, the filtered video output signal is used to determine worm activity, yielding a system that allows image acquisition in combination with a low-bandwidth activity measurement. Using the described system, the activity of C. elegans as a function of ambient temperature was measured. The nematodes were found to show an increase in stroke frequency with temperature. Data obtained by manual counting of worm strokes and the video signal showed good correlation. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of maintaining and monitoring C. elegans in a microfluidic environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CAENORHABDITIS elegans
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - Microfluidics
KW  - Nematode
KW  - Shadow imaging
KW  - Space biology
KW  - Video signal processing
N1  - Accession Number: 17845394; Lange, Dirk 1; Email Address: dirk.lange@alumni.ethz.ch Storment, Christopher W. 1 Conley, Catharine A. 2 Kovacs, Gregory T.A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4075, USA  2: Space Life Research, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jun2005, Vol. 107 Issue 2, p904; Subject Term: CAENORHABDITIS elegans; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Caenorhabditis elegans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microfluidics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nematode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shadow imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Video signal processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2004.12.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jianzhong Li
AU  - Ning, C. Z.
T1  - Transparency induced by coupling of intersubband plasmons in a quantum well.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/06/30/
VL  - 772
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1139
EP  - 1140
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Coupling of intersubband plasmons associated with two cascading transitions in a quantum well has been studied. It is shown that the coupling can lead to the disappearance of the lower resonance amidst an anti-crossing behavior. Such spectral anomalies are of collective and resonant nature and provide the first example of Coulomb interaction induced transparency. The results from a microscopic theory are confirmed by an analytical model. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMONS (Physics)
KW  - QUANTUM wells
KW  - ENERGY-band theory of solids
KW  - POTENTIAL theory (Physics)
KW  - MICROSCOPY
N1  - Accession Number: 17804862; Jianzhong Li 1 Ning, C. Z. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 772 Issue 1, p1139; Subject Term: PLASMONS (Physics); Subject Term: QUANTUM wells; Subject Term: ENERGY-band theory of solids; Subject Term: POTENTIAL theory (Physics); Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1994512
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
T1  - A note on the kinetics of heavy atom reactions on interstellar grains
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 132
EP  - 136
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The assumption made in many surface chemistry models, that the reactive population of heavy atoms and/or molecules on a grain surface at any instant can be restricted to only zero, one, or two, species, is most likely in serious error. It is shown that the validity of this restriction is based upon the combination of an optimistic selection of the parameters governing the surface diffusion of heavy atoms and, more importantly, upon an erroneous application of results from the theory of random walks on regular lattices. It is shown that the latter leads to a gross overestimate of the importance of surface reactions involving heavy atoms unless interstellar grains are fractal and have a spectral dimension greater than two. Diffusion-controlled reactions involving C, O and N atoms are much less efficient on grain surfaces, and the predicted abundances of several molecules, formed in many published models of grain surface chemistry have to be revised downwards. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - Dust grains
KW  - ISM
KW  - Molecular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 19035269; Charnley, S.B. 1; Email Address: charnley@dusty.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p132; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust grains; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular processes; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charnley, Steven B.
AU  - Kuan, Yi-Jehng
AU  - Huang, Hui-Chun
AU  - Botta, Oliver
AU  - Butner, Harold M.
AU  - Cox, Nick
AU  - Despois, Didier
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Kisiel, Zbigniew
AU  - Lee, Ying-Ying
AU  - Markwick, Andrew J.
AU  - Peeters, Zan
AU  - Rodgers, Steven D.
T1  - Astronomical searches for nitrogen heterocycles
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 145
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We have conducted extensive astronomical searches for the N-bearing ring molecules pyridine, quinoline and isoquinoline towards the circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich stars, and for interstellar pyrimidine in hot molecular cores. Here we report the derived upper limits on the column densities of these molecules, and summarize the current status of these observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYRIDINE
KW  - HETEROCYCLIC compounds
KW  - QUINOLINE
KW  - PYRIMIDINES
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - ISM: chemistry
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - Stars: AGB and post-AGB
N1  - Accession Number: 19035270; Charnley, Steven B. 1; Email Address: charnley@dusty.arc.nasa.gov Kuan, Yi-Jehng 2 Huang, Hui-Chun 2 Botta, Oliver 3 Butner, Harold M. 4 Cox, Nick 5 Despois, Didier 6 Ehrenfreund, Pascale 7 Kisiel, Zbigniew 8 Lee, Ying-Ying 9 Markwick, Andrew J. 1 Peeters, Zan 7 Rodgers, Steven D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan, ROC  3: International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland  4: Joint Astronomy Centre, Hilo, Hawaii, USA  5: Astronomical Institute “Anton Pannekoek”, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands  6: Observatoire de Bordeaux (INSU/CNRS), Floirac, France  7: Astrobiology Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, The Netherlands  8: Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland  9: Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p137; Subject Term: PYRIDINE; Subject Term: HETEROCYCLIC compounds; Subject Term: QUINOLINE; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: AGB and post-AGB; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.005
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Hui-Chun
AU  - Kuan, Yi-Jehng
AU  - Charnley, Steven B.
AU  - Hirano, Naomi
AU  - Takakuwa, Shigehisa
AU  - Bourke, Tyler L.
T1  - Organic molecules in the hot corinos and circumstellar disks of IRAS 16293-2422
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 155
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Using the recently commissioned Submillimeter Array (SMA), we have detected several complex organic molecules, including (CH3)2O, C2H5OH, C2H5CN, and tentatively CH2CDCN, toward the protostellar hot cores of IRAS 16293-2422 at arcsecond-resolution (≲400AU in radius). Vibrationally excited transitions of SO, SO2 and HCN with energy levels up to 1800K were also observed. In addition to the other organic molecules (HC3N, CH2CO, CH3OH, CH2CHCN and HCOOCH3) previously reported by us (Kuan, Y.-J., Huang, H.-C., Charnley, S.B., Hirano, H., Takakuwa, S., et al. Organic molecules in low-mass protostellar hot cores: submillimeter imaging of IRAS 16293-2422. Astrophys. J. 616, L27–L30, 2004) these results clearly indicate the existence of a rich organic chemistry in low-mass ‘hot corinos’. From the observation of optically thin HC15N emission, we conclude I16293A is a rotating circumstellar disk lying along the north–south direction ∼10° to the east and with an inclination ∼30° to the sky. We suggest that the observed vibrational SO and SO2 emission may originate from shock waves near or in the circumstellar disks. Between the two cores, we find a strong anticorrelation in emission from C2H5OH and C2H5CN. The relative contribution of gas phase and grain-surface chemistries to the production of the observed complex molecules is discussed. We point out the shortcomings underlying recent claims that all the O-bearing organics are formed on grains. The presence of so many well-known interstellar molecules in solar-type hot corinos strengthens the link between molecular cloud chemistry, the starting materials of protoplanetary disks such as the protosolar nebula, and the composition of comets. Establishing the fine details of this connection is crucial in answering fundamental questions concerning the importance of galactic astrochemistry for astrobiology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - ISM - stars: formation
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - ISM: individual (IRAS 16293-2422)
KW  - ISM: molecules - radio lines
N1  - Accession Number: 19035271; Huang, Hui-Chun 1; Email Address: hspring@sgrb2.geos.ntnu.edu.tw Kuan, Yi-Jehng 1,2 Charnley, Steven B. 3 Hirano, Naomi 4 Takakuwa, Shigehisa 5 Bourke, Tyler L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec.4 Ting-Chou Rd., Taipei 116, Taiwan, ROC  2: Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Taipei 115, Taiwan, ROC  3: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, P.O. Box 23-141, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Submillimeter Array Project, 645 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96721, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p146; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM - stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual (IRAS 16293-2422); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules - radio lines; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.115
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mattioda, A.L.
AU  - Hudgins, D.M.
AU  - Bauschlicher, C.W.
AU  - Allamandola, L.J.
T1  - Infrared spectroscopy of matrix-isolated polycyclic aromatic compounds and their ions. 7. Phenazine, a dual substituted polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 156
EP  - 165
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The matrix-isolation technique has been employed to measure the mid-infrared spectra of phenazine (C12H8N2), a dual substituted polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycle (PANH), in the neutral, cationic and anionic forms. The experimentally measured band frequencies and intensities are tabulated and compared with their calculated values as well as those of the non-substituted parent molecule, anthracene. The theoretical band positions and intensities were calculated using both the 4-31G as well as the larger 6-31G* basis sets. A comparison of the results can be found in the tables. The spectroscopic properties of phenazine and its cation are similar to those observed in mono-substituted PANHs, with one exception. The presence of a second nitrogen atom results in an additional enhancement of the cation’s total integrated intensity, for the 1500–1000cm−1 (6.7–10μm) region, over that observed for a mono-substituted PANH cation. The significance of this enhancement and the astrobiological implications of these results are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds
KW  - POLYCYCLIC compounds
KW  - Nitrogen heterocycles
KW  - PAHs
KW  - PANHs
KW  - Phenazine
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - Unidentified infrared bands
N1  - Accession Number: 19035272; Mattioda, A.L. 1,2; Email Address: amattioda@mail.arc.nasa.gov Hudgins, D.M. 1 Bauschlicher, C.W. 1 Allamandola, L.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS245-6 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p156; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen heterocycles; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAHs; Author-Supplied Keyword: PANHs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phenazine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unidentified infrared bands; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.127
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernstein, M.P.
AU  - Sandford, S.A.
AU  - Walker, R.L.
T1  - Laboratory IR spectra of 4-azachrysene in solid H2O
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 166
EP  - 172
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We present the mid-IR spectrum of 4-azachrysene (C17H11N) frozen in solid H2O at 14K, data directly comparable to astronomical observations along dense cloud lines of sight. We tabulate the positions, profiles, and relative intensities of those 4-azachrysene peaks not obscured by strong H2O absorptions and note some significant changes in position and/or intensity relative to the previously published values for 4-azachrysene isolated in an argon matrix. In contrast to simple PAHs that do not interact strongly with solid H2O, PANHs, with their nitrogen atom(s), are potentially capable of hydrogen bonding with H2O, and this presumably gives rise to some of the spectral changes. This demonstrates that observers will not always be able to rely on peak positions of matrix isolated PANHs to correctly reflect the actual absorption band positions of PANHs along lines of sight where they will exist as pure solids or be frozen in H2O. In general these nitrogen heterocycles are of astrobiological interest since this class of molecules has been detected in meteorites, they could be pre-biotically important, and/or they could act as false biomarkers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARGON
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - HYDROGEN bonding
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - Aromatic
KW  - Dense molecular cloud
KW  - H2O
KW  - IR spectroscopy
KW  - PAH
KW  - PANH
N1  - Accession Number: 19035273; Bernstein, M.P.; Email Address: mbernstein@mail.nasa.gov Sandford, S.A. 1 Walker, R.L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p166; Subject Term: ARGON; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aromatic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dense molecular cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: H2O; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAH; Author-Supplied Keyword: PANH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.050
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina M.
T1  - Tholins as coloring agents on outer Solar System bodies
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 178
EP  - 183
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The red colors of many solid bodies in outer Solar System may be caused by tholins, which are refractory organic complexes, incorporated in their surface materials. Tholins synthesized in the laboratory are shown to match the colors of these bodies when their optical properties are used in rigorous scattering models. We review recent successes in modeling the spectra of icy outer Solar System bodies with tholins as the coloring agents. New work on the systematic laboratory synthesis and analysis of tholins made by cold plasma discharge in mixtures of gaseous CH4/N2 shows that the composition of the tholin depends strongly on the pressure in the reaction chamber, and only weakly on the mixing fraction of CH4 relative to N2. In tholins made at high pressure (e.g., 23hPa) the abundance of aliphatic hydrocarbons is greater and the abundance of aromatic hydrocarbons is less than in tholins made at low pressure (e.g., 0.13hPa). Tholins made at low deposition pressures show a greater abundance of N–H bonds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Outer Solar System
KW  - Tholin
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 19035275; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov Imanaka, Hiroshi 1,2 Dalle Ore, Cristina M. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 36 Issue 2, p178; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Outer Solar System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.07.026
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kinzie, Kevin W.
AU  - Scheint, David B.
AU  - Solomon Jr., W. David
T1  - Experiments and Analyses of Distributed Exhaust Nozzles.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 43
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1476
EP  - 1481
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Experimental and analytical aeroacoustic properties of several distributed exhaust nozzle (DEN) designs are presented. Significant differences between the designs are observed and correlated to computational fluid dynamics flowfield predictions. Up to 20 dB of noise reduction on a spectral basis and 10 dB on an overall sound pressure level basis are demonstrated from the DEN designs compared to a round reference nozzle. The most successful DEN designs acoustically show a predicted thrust loss of approximately 10% compared to the reference nozzle. Characteristics of the individual minuet nozzles that comprise the DEN such as jet-jet shielding and coalescence are shown to play a major role in the noise signature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - HYDRAULICS
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 17595360; Kinzie, Kevin W. 1 Scheint, David B. 2 Solomon Jr., W. David 2; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aeroacoustic Engineer, Northrop Grumman Integrated Systems, El Segundo, California 90245-2804; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 43 Issue 7, p1476; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Subject Term: HYDRAULICS; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mirmina, Steven A.
T1  - REDUCING THE PROLIFERATION OF ORBITAL DEBRIS: ALTERNATIVES TO A LEGALLY BINDING INSTRUMENT.
JO  - American Journal of International Law
JF  - American Journal of International Law
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 99
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 662
SN  - 00029300
AB  - Discusses the reduction of the proliferation of orbital debris. Types of debris found in the space; Scope of the threats posed by orbital debris; Statement from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration that orbital debris could damage space shuttle.
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - AVIATION policy
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 18665245; Mirmina, Steven A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Senior Attorney, International Law Practice Team, Office of the General Counsel, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 99 Issue 3, p649; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: AVIATION policy; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Searby, Nancy D.
AU  - Steele, Charles R.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
T1  - Influence of increased mechanical loading by hypergravity on the microtubule cytoskeleton and prostaglandin E2 release in primary osteoblasts.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - C148
EP  - C158
SN  - 03636143
AB  - Cells respond to a wide range of mechanical stimuli such as fluid shear and strain, although the contribution of gravity to cell structure and function is not understood. We hypothesized that bone-forming osteoblasts are sensitive to increased mechanical loading by hypergravity. A centrifuge suitable for cell culture was developed and validated, and then primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts at various stages of differentiation were mechanically loaded using hypergravity. We measured microtubule network morphology as well as release of the paracrine factor prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). In immature osteoblasts, a stimulus of 10× gravity (10 g) for 3 h increased PGE₂ 2.5-fold and decreased microtubule network height 1.12-fold without affecting cell viability. Hypergravity (3 h) caused dose-dependent (5–50 g) increases in PGE₂ (5.3-fold at 50 g) and decreases (1.26-fold at 50 g) in microtubule network height. PGE₂ release depended on duration but not orientation of the hypergravity load. As osteoblasts differentiated, sensitivity to hypergravity declined. We conclude that primary osteoblasts demonstrate dose- and duration-dependent sensitivity to gravitational loading, which appears to be blunted in mature osteoblasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENETIC transduction
KW  - CELL differentiation
KW  - CELLS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - MICROTUBULES
KW  - CELL organelles
KW  - CELL morphology
KW  - CYTOSKELETON
KW  - PROSTAGLANDINS
KW  - bone
KW  - differentiation
KW  - mechanotransduction
N1  - Accession Number: 17521950; Searby, Nancy D. 1,2; Email Address: nancy.d.searby@nasa.gov Steele, Charles R. 2 Globus, Ruth K. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Life Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford  3: Department of Stomatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 58 Issue 1, pC148; Subject Term: GENETIC transduction; Subject Term: CELL differentiation; Subject Term: CELLS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: MICROTUBULES; Subject Term: CELL organelles; Subject Term: CELL morphology; Subject Term: CYTOSKELETON; Subject Term: PROSTAGLANDINS; Author-Supplied Keyword: bone; Author-Supplied Keyword: differentiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanotransduction; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajpcell.00524.2003
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Murad, Enver
T1  - The visible and infrared spectral properties of jarosite and alunite.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 90
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1100
EP  - 1107
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - The visible and infrared spectral properties of two natural jarosite minerals and a suite of synthetic jarosites and alunite samples are described here. The fundamental stretching and bending vibrations observed in the infrared region for SO42- and OH- are compared with the near-infrared overtones and combinations of these vibrations. Shifts were observed in the SO42- and OH- bands for Al3+ vs. Fe3+ at the octahedral sites and K+ vs. Na+ at the "A" (frequently monovalent) sites. Crystal-field theory bands were observed for jarosite near 435, 650, and 900-925 nm and were compared to those of iron oxides. Spectral bands near 1.76, 2.17, 2.53, 4.5, 8-10, and 15-24 µm (corresponding to ∼5670, 4600, 3970-4150, 2100-2300, 1000-1225, and 420-675 cm-1, respectively) for alunite and near 0.43, 0.91, 1.85, 2.27, 2.63, 4.9, 8-10, and 15-24 µm (corresponding to ∼23 000, 10 990, 5400, 4350-4520, 3800-4150, 1950-2200, 1000-1190, and 440-675 cm-1, respectively) for jarosite would be most useful for detecting these minerals using remote sensing on Earth or Mars. These minerals are important indicators of alteration processes, and this study contributes toward combined visible/near-infrared and mid-infrared spectral detection of these two alunite-group minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFATE minerals
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - FERRIC oxide
KW  - IRON oxides
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
N1  - Accession Number: 17963058; Bishop, Janice L. 1,2; Email Address: jbishop@mail.arc.nasa.gov Murad, Enver 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, U.S.A.  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035, U.S.A.  3: Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, D-95603 Marktredwitz, Germany; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 90 Issue 7, p1100; Subject Term: SULFATE minerals; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: FERRIC oxide; Subject Term: IRON oxides; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2138/am.2005.1700
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - The Three Rocketeers.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 93
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 361
EP  - 363
PB  - Sigma XI Science Research Society
SN  - 00030996
AB  - Reviews two science books.  "Strange Angle: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons," by George Pendle; "Astro Turf: Private Life of Rocket Science," by M. G. Lord.
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - STRANGE Angle: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons (Book)
KW  - ASTRO Turf: The Private Life of Rocket Science (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 17312804; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Research scientist, Photovoltaics and Space Environment Branch of NASA John Glenn Research Center  2: Member, Mars Pathfinder and Mars Exploration Rover Science teams; Source Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 93 Issue 4, p361; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: STRANGE Angle: The Otherworldly Life of Rocket Scientist John Whiteside Parsons (Book); Reviews & Products: ASTRO Turf: The Private Life of Rocket Science (Book); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Smith, Gavin J. D.
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
T1  - Community structure of free-floating filamentous cyanobacterial mats from the Wonder Lake geothermal springs in the Philippines.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
JF  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 583
EP  - 589
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084166
AB  - Cyanobacterial mats were characterized from pools of 45–60 °C in near-neutral pH, low-sulphide geothermal springs in the Philippines. Mat structure did not vary with temperature. All mats possessed highly ordered layers of airspaces at both the macroscopic and microscopic level, and these appear to be an adaptation to a free-floating growth habit. Upper mat layers supported biomass with elevated carotenoid:chlorophyll a ratios and an as yet uncharacterized waxy layer on the dorsal surface. Microscopic examination revealed mats comprised a single Fischerella morphotype, with abundant heterocysts throughout mats at all temperatures. Molecular analysis of mat community structure only partly matched morphological identification. All samples supported greater 16S rDNA-defined diversity than morphology suggested, with a progressive loss in the number of genotypes with increasing temperature. Fischerella-like sequences were recovered from mats occurring at all temperatures, but some mats also yielded Oscillatoria-like sequences, although corresponding phenotypes were not observed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Fischerella-like sequences were most closely affiliated with Fischerella major and the Oscillatoria-like sequences with Oscillatoria amphigranulata. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Nous avons caractérisé des tapis des cyanobactéries provenant de mares de sources géothermiques des Philippines à 45–60 °C, d'un pH quasi-neutre et faibles en sulfures. La structure des tapis n'a pas varié avec la température. Tous les tapis renfermaient des couches hautement structurées d'espaces aériens tant au niveau macroscopique que microscopiques et celles-ci semblaient être une adaptation à la croissance par flottaison. Les couches supérieures des tapis contenaient une biomasse comportant un rapport caroténoïde:chlorophylle a élevé et une couche cireuse encore non caractérisée sur la surface dorsale. Un examen microscopique a révélé que les tapis renfermaient un seul morphotype de Fischerella avec de nombreux hétérokystes au travers des tapis à toutes les températures. L'analyse moléculaire de la structure de la communauté des tapis n'a que partiellement concordé avec l'identification morphologique. Tous les échantillons renfermaient une diversité définie par l'ADNr 16S supérieure à ce que la morphologie suggérait, avec une perte progressive du nombre de génotypes à mesure que la température augmentait. Des séquences semblables à Fischerella ont été prélevées des tapis ayant évolué à toutes les températures mais certains tapis ont également généré des séquences semblables à Oscillatoria bien qu'aucun phénotype correspondant ne fut observé. L'analyse phylogénétique a révélé que les séquences semblables à Fischerella se rapprochaient davantage de Fischerella major et que les séquences semblables à Oscillatoria s'apparentaient à Oscillatoria amphigranulata.[Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Microbiology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - HOT springs
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - PHILIPPINES
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - Fischerella
KW  - Fisherella
KW  - geothermal springs
KW  - microbial mats
KW  - Oscillatoria
KW  - cyanobactéries
KW  - sources géothermiques
KW  - tapis microbiens
N1  - Accession Number: 18589735; Lacap, Donnabella C. 1 Smith, Gavin J. D. 1 Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley 2 Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Email Address: pointing@hkucc.hku.hk; Affiliation:  1: Extremophilies Research Group, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p583; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: HOT springs; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Subject Term: PHILIPPINES; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fischerella; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fisherella; Author-Supplied Keyword: geothermal springs; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial mats; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oscillatoria; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobactéries; Author-Supplied Keyword: sources géothermiques; Author-Supplied Keyword: tapis microbiens; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/W05-038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18589735&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aalburg, C.
AU  - Diez, F.J.
AU  - Faeth, G.M.
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
AU  - Yuan, Z.-G.
T1  - Shapes of nonbuoyant round hydrocarbon-fueled laminar-jet diffusion flames in still air
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 142
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: The soot-luminosity boundaries (near the laminar smoke-point condition) of steady nonbuoyant round hydrocarbon/air laminar-jet diffusion flames at microgravity were found from color video images obtained on orbit during three flights of the Space Shuttle Columbia (flights STS-83, STS-94, and STS-107); these test conditions included ethylene- and propane-fueled flames burning in still air at an ambient temperature of 300 K, ambient pressures of 35–130 kPa, jet exit diameters of 0.40–2.70 mm, and jet exit Reynolds numbers of 46–1186 to yield steady round flames, with most of the flames near the laminar smoke-point condition (including flames both emitting and not emitting soot). These results were supplemented by observations of the flame-sheet locations (locations where the local mixture fraction is stoichiometric) of nonbuoyant round soot-free and soot-containing hydrocarbon/air laminar-jet diffusion flames at microgravity found from filtered color images (at the CH line or ) obtained using a 2.2-s free-fall facility; these test conditions included methane-, ethane-, and propane-fueled flames burning in still air at an ambient temperature of 300 K, ambient pressures of 25–98 kPa, jet exit diameters of 0.42–3.25 mm, and jet exit Reynolds numbers of 10–625. Simplified expressions to estimate soot-luminosity boundaries (near the laminar smoke-point condition) and flame-sheet locations were obtained using the classic analysis of D.B. Spalding (Combustion and Mass Transfer, Pergamon, New York, 1979, p. 185), extended empirically to account for the presence of soot luminosity for flames near the laminar smoke-point condition. The extended Spalding analysis provided good correlations of both soot-luminosity boundaries (near the laminar smoke-point condition) and flame-sheet locations for flames having short characteristic residence times where radiative heat losses from the flames were small. These results showed that soot-luminosity lengths near the laminar smoke-point condition were roughly twice as long as the flame-sheet location for both soot-free (blue) and soot-containing flames under comparable conditions due to the presence of luminous soot particles beyond the flame sheet within the fuel-lean portion of the flames. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - PROPANE flames
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - Flame shapes
KW  - Flame structure
KW  - Laminar diffusion flames
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Nonbuoyant flames
KW  - Soot-containing flames
N1  - Accession Number: 17953210; Aalburg, C. 1 Diez, F.J. 1 Faeth, G.M. 1 Sunderland, P.B. 2 Urban, D.L. 3; Email Address: david.urban@grc.nasa.gov Yuan, Z.-G. 3; Affiliation:  1: The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  2: The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 142 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: PROPANE flames; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame shapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonbuoyant flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot-containing flames; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.12.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kappler, A.
AU  - Emerson, D.
AU  - Edwards, K.
AU  - Amend, J. P.
AU  - Gralnick, J. A.
AU  - Grathwohl, P.
AU  - Hoehler, T.
AU  - Straub, K. L.
T1  - Microbial activity in biogeochemical gradients – new aspects of research.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 233
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - In April 2004, the German Research Foundation (DFG) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) co-organized a meeting for US and German junior geoscientists in Washington DC. As an outcome of this Research Conference titled ‘Earth, Fire, Water, Air and Life’, a follow-up workshop took place in May 2005 at the Eberhard-Karls University of Tuebingen in Germany. This workshop covered new aspects of research to improve the understanding of steep biogeochemical gradients covering pH changes, redox zones, as well as solute and particulate concentration variations in aqueous systems. Detailed understanding of biogeochemistry in this context delivers new fundamental aspects in interdisciplinary research. Such work is also urgently needed to control ever-increasing scarcity of water that is to large parts driven by decreasing water quality. Research ideas on gradients in a biogeochemical context that were discussed by a subgroup of biogeochemists during that workshop are summarized and presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - EARTH scientists
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - WATER quality management
KW  - GERMANY
N1  - Accession Number: 19149148; Kappler, A. 1; Email Address: andreas.kappler@uni-tuebingen.de Emerson, D. 2 Edwards, K. 3 Amend, J. P. 4 Gralnick, J. A. 5 Grathwohl, P. 1 Hoehler, T. 6 Straub, K. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany  2: American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia, USA  3: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA  5: Department of Microbiology and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA  6: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, California, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 3 Issue 3, p229; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: EARTH scientists; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: WATER quality management; Subject Term: GERMANY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2005.00053.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kouchinsky, Artem
AU  - Bengtson, Stefan
AU  - Pavlov, Vladimir
AU  - Runnegar, Bruce
AU  - Val'Kov, Anatolij
AU  - Young, Edward
T1  - Pre-Tommotian age of the lower Pestrotsvet Formation in the Selinde section on the Siberian platform: carbon isotopic evidence.
JO  - Geological Magazine
JF  - Geological Magazine
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 142
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 319
EP  - 325
SN  - 00167568
AB  - Carbon isotopic data from the Selinde section in the southeastern part of the Siberian platform area are correlated with the reference isotopic profile from the Lower Cambrian stratotype sections of the Lena-Aldan region, but also show additional δ13C excursions unrecognized there. The chemostratigraphic correlation suggests that the geological and fossil record of the lower Pestrotsvet Formation in the Selinde section has a deeper history than the stratotype region. This conclusion is important for both constraining the age of the earliest Cambrian marine transgression on the Siberian platform and providing a clearer understanding of the pace and order of early Cambrian geochemical and biological events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Magazine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOSSILS
KW  - CARBON
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC correlation
KW  - CAMBRIAN
KW  - SIBERIA (Russia)
KW  - RUSSIA
KW  - Cambrian
KW  - carbon
KW  - isotope ratios
KW  - Precambrian
KW  - stratigraphy
N1  - Accession Number: 18764528; Kouchinsky, Artem 1,2; Email Address: akouchin@ucla.edu Bengtson, Stefan 2 Pavlov, Vladimir 3 Runnegar, Bruce 4 Val'Kov, Anatolij 5 Young, Edward 6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrobiology, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA  2: Department of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden  3: Institute of Physics of the Earth, Bol'shaya Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow 123995, Russia  4: NASA Astrobiology Institute, MS 240-1, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  5: Institute of Geological Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch), Pr. Lenina 39, 677020 Yakutsk, Sakha, Russia  6: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951567, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 142 Issue 4, p319; Subject Term: FOSSILS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC correlation; Subject Term: CAMBRIAN; Subject Term: SIBERIA (Russia); Subject Term: RUSSIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cambrian; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: isotope ratios; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precambrian; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratigraphy; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0016756805000865
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18764528&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Climate variability, vegetation productivity and people at risk
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 47
IS  - 2-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 231
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Abstract: Human domination of ecosystems has been pervasive over the last century, with nearly half of Earth''s surface transformed by human actions. It is widely accepted that humans appropriate up to 50% of global net primary production (NPP), the energy base of all the trophic levels on the land surface. Yet, despite the important role of vegetation productivity for defining Earth habitability, the covariation of NPP and human population distribution has not been analyzed in depth. We used recently available satellite-based NPP estimates, along with gridded population at 0.5° resolution, first, to identify the global distribution of human population with reference to average NPP and to the various climatic constraints (temperature, water and cloud cover) that limit NPP, second, to analyze recent trends in global NPP in relation to population trends, and third, to identify populations that are vulnerable to changes in NPP due to interannual variability in climate. Our results indicate that over half of the global human population is presently living in areas with above the average NPP of 490 g C m−2 year−1. By 1998, nearly 56% of global population lived in regions where water availability strongly influences NPP. Per capita NPP declined over much of Africa between 1982 and 1998, in spite of the estimated increases in NPP over the same period. On average, NPP over 40% of the total vegetated land surface has shown significant correlations with ENSO-induced climate variability affecting over 2.8 billion people. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - FOREST microclimatology
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - AFRICA
KW  - ENSO
KW  - human population
KW  - productivity
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 18193991; Milesi, Cristina 1,2; Email Address: milesi@ntsg.umt.edu Hashimoto, Hirofumi 3 Running, Steven W. 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, Dept. of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyoku, Tokyo 113, Japan; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 47 Issue 2-4, p221; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: FOREST microclimatology; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: AFRICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: ENSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: human population; Author-Supplied Keyword: productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.10.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kenny, Barbara H.
AU  - Kascak, Peter E.
AU  - Jansen, Ralph
AU  - Dever, Timothy
AU  - Santiago, Walter
T1  - Control of a High-Speed Flywheel System for Energy Storage in Space Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1029
EP  - 1038
SN  - 00939994
AB  - A novel control algorithm for the charge and discharge modes of operation of a flywheel energy storage system for space applications is presented. The motor control portion of the algorithm uses sensorless field oriented control with position and speed estimates determined from a signal injection technique at low speeds and a back electromotive force technique at higher speeds. The charge and discharge portion of the algorithm use command feedforward and disturbance decoupling, respectively, to achieve fast response with low gains. Simulation and experimental results are presented demonstrating the successful operation of the flywheel control up to the rated speed of 60 000 r/min. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLYWHEELS
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus
KW  - POWER (Mechanics)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Charge and discharge control
KW  - flywheel energy storage
KW  - high-speed permanent-magnet machine
KW  - space power
N1  - Accession Number: 17814128; Kenny, Barbara H. 1; Email Address: Barbara.Kenny@grc.nasa.gov Kascak, Peter E. 1; Email Address: Peter.E.Kascak@grc.nasa.gov Jansen, Ralph 1; Email Address: Ralph.H.Jansen@grc.nasa.gov Dever, Timothy 1; Email Address: Timothy.P.Dever@grc.nasa.gov Santiago, Walter 1; Email Address: walter.Santiago-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Source Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p1029; Subject Term: FLYWHEELS; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus; Subject Term: POWER (Mechanics); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charge and discharge control; Author-Supplied Keyword: flywheel energy storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-speed permanent-magnet machine; Author-Supplied Keyword: space power; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIA.2005.851021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sin-Chung Chang
AU  - Yuhui Wu
AU  - Vigor Yang
AU  - Xiao-Yen Wang
T1  - Local time-stepping procedures for the space-time conservation element and solution element method.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 380
SN  - 10618562
AB  - A local time-stepping procedure for the space-time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method has been developed. This new procedure allows for variation of time-step size in both space and time, and can also be extended to become multi-dimensional solvers with structured/unstructured spatial grids. Moreover, it differs substantially in concept and methodology from the existing approaches. By taking full advantage of key concepts of the CESE method, in a simple and efficient manner it can enforce flux conservation across an interface separating grid zones of different time-step sizes. In particular, no correction pass is needed. Numerical experiments show that, for a variety of flow problems involving moving shock and flame discontinuities, accurate and robust numerical simulations can be achieved even with a reduction in time-step size on the order of 10 or higher for grids across a single interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE & time
KW  - INTERFACE circuits
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - EUCLIDEAN algorithm
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - Flux conservation
KW  - Grid interface
KW  - Local time-stepping procedure
KW  - Space-time CESE method
N1  - Accession Number: 19328394; Sin-Chung Chang 1 Yuhui Wu 2 Vigor Yang 2; Email Address: vigor@psu.edu Xiao-Yen Wang 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, USA.  2: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p359; Subject Term: SPACE & time; Subject Term: INTERFACE circuits; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: EUCLIDEAN algorithm; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flux conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grid interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Local time-stepping procedure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space-time CESE method; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560500092610
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arbocz, Johann
AU  - Starnes, James H.
T1  - Hierarchical High-Fidelity Analysis Methodology for Buckling Critical Structures.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 168
EP  - 178
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A hierarchical high-fidelity analysis methodology for predicting the critical buckling load of compression-loaded thin-walled isotropic shells is described. This hierarchical procedure includes three levels of fidelity for the analysis. Level 1 assumes that the buckling load can be predicted by the classical shell solution with simply supported boundary condition, and with a linear membrane prebuckling solution. Level 2 includes the effects of a nonlinear prebuckling solution and the effects of traditional clamped or simply supported boundary conditions. Level 3 includes the nonlinear interaction between nearly simultaneous buckling modes and the effects of boundary imperfections and general boundary conditions. Various deterministic and probabilistic approaches are used to account for the degrading effects of unavoidable shell-wall geometric imperfections. The results from the three solution levels are compared with experimental results, and the effects of the assumptions and approximations used for the three solution levels are discussed. This hierarchical analysis approach can be used in the design process to converge rapidly to an accurate prediction of the expected buckling load of a thin-shell design problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - STRUCTURAL shells
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Loads
KW  - Thin shell structures
N1  - Accession Number: 17328536; Arbocz, Johann 1 Starnes, James H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft Univ. of Technology, The Netherlands  2: Former Senior Engineer for Structures and Materials, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p168; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL shells; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Loads; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin shell structures; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2005)18:3(168)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Levy, David W.
T1  - Transonic Drag Prediction Using an Unstructured Multigrid Solver.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 887
EP  - 893
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper summarizes the results obtained with the NSU3D unstructured multigrid solver for the First AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop held in Anaheim, California, in June 2001. The test case for the workshop consists of a wing-body configuration at transonic flow conditions. Flow analyses for a complete test matrix of lift coefficient values and Mach numbers at a constant Reynolds number are performed, thus producing a set of drag polars and drag rise curves, which are compared with experimental data. Results were obtained independently by both authors using an identical baseline grid and different refined grids. Most cases were run in parallel on commodity cluster-type machines, whereas the largest cases were run on an SGI Origin machine using 128 processors. The objective of this paper is to study the accuracy of the subject unstructured grid solver for predicting drag in the transonic cruise regime, to assess the efficiency of the method in terms of convergence, CPU time, and memory, and to determine the effects of grid resolution on this predictive ability and its computational efficiency. A good predictive ability is demonstrated over a wide range of conditions, although accuracy was found to degrade for cases at higher Mach numbers and lift values where increasing amounts of flow separation occur. The ability to rapidly compute large numbers of cases at varying flow conditions using an unstructured solver on inexpensive clusters of commodity computers is also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 19570885; Mavriplis, Dimitri J. 1,2 Levy, David W. 3; Affiliation:  1: ICASE, Mail Stop 132C, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071  3: Senior Engineer Specialist, Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, Kansas 67218; Source Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p887; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Durston, Donald A.
AU  - Walker, Stephen M.
AU  - Driver, David M.
AU  - Smith, Stephen C.
AU  - Savaş, Ömer
T1  - Wake-Vortex Alleviation Flowfield Studies.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 894
EP  - 907
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Wake-vortex-alleviation research was conducted in the far-field vortex wake of a generic wing-tail aircraft model. The goals were to achieve accelerated vortex strength reduction and to map the conditions at which this reduction would occur. The wing-tail model was run in a water tow tank to generate a pair of unequal-strength counter-rotating vortices on each side of centerline. Dye flow visualization provided physical insight into the nature of the vortex interactions, and three-component particle image velocimetry allowed quantification of key characteristics of the flowfield, including circulation, vorticity, vortex trajectory, and induced rolling moments. Experiments were conducted for a variety of model angles of attack, tail incidence angles, and tail spans. The results showed that with high tail/wing circulation ratios (high tail downloads) the tail and wing vortices interacted strongly, leaving substantially weakened vortices after a distance of about 60 to 70 spans downstream of the model. A longitudinal static stability analysis identified the moderate-to-high static margins required to achieve such circulation ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Trajectories
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 19570886; Durston, Donald A. 1,2; Email Address: Don.Durston@nasa.gov Walker, Stephen M. 1,3; Email Address: Stephen.M.Walker@nasa.gov Driver, David M. 3,4; Email Address: David.M.Driver@nasa.gov Smith, Stephen C. 3,5; Email Address: Stephen.C.Smith@nasa.gov Savaş, Ömer 5,6; Email Address: savas@newton.berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: Senior Member, AIAA  2: Aerospace Engineer, Experimental Aero-Physics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  3: Research Scientist, Experimental Aero-Physics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  4: Member, AIAA  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1740; Source Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p894; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Trajectories; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcia, Joseph A.
T1  - Numerical Investigation of Nonlinear Aeroelastic Effects on Flexible High-Aspect-Ratio Wings.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1036
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A nonlinear aeroelastic analysis is developed to analyze the aeroelastic characteristics of flexible high-aspect-ratio wings at transonic speeds. This is achieved by directly coupling a three-dimensional geometric nonlinear methodology, based on a 12 degree-of-freedom beam finite element, with an Euler/Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics analysis. Static aeroelastic results are presented for an unswept and swept high-aspect-ratio wing. Unswept wing results show a reversal in twist due to the nonlinear torsion-bending coupling effects. Specifically, the torsional moments due to drag become large enough to cause the wing twist rotations to washin the wing tips, whereas the linear results show a washout twist rotation. The nonlinear twist results are attributed to the large bending displacements coupled with the large drag experienced by this flexible high-aspect-ratio wing at the transonic flow conditions. Swept wing results show that nonlinear torsion-bending effects tend to reduce the amount of washout as compared to a linear structural aeroelastic analysis, making the wing more prone to tip stall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - EULER characteristic
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 19570900; Garcia, Joseph A. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Member, AIAA  2: Aerospace Engineer, Mail Stop 258-1, Systems Analysis Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1025; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
AU  - Rouse, Marshall
T1  - Design and Evaluation of Composite Fuselage Panels Subjected to Combined Loading Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1037
EP  - 1045
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Several aspects of the design methodologies are based on assumptions from metallic fuselage technology, which requires that full-scale structures be tested with the actual loading conditions to validate the designs. Composite panels that represent crown and side regions of a fuselage structure are designed by the use of this approach and tested in biaxial tension. Descriptions of the state-of-the-art test facilities used for this structural evaluation are presented. These facilities include a pressure-box test machine and a D-box test fixture in a combined loads test machine, which are part of a combined loads test system. Nonlinear analysis results for a reference shell and a stiffened composite panel tested in the pressure-box test machine with and without damage are presented. The analytical and test results are compared to assess the ability of the pressure-box test machine to simulate a shell stress state with and without damage. A combined loads test machine for testing aircraft primary structures is described. This test machine includes a D-box test fixture to accommodate curved stiffened panels, and the design features of this test fixture are presented. Finite element analysis results for a curved panel to be tested in the D-box test fixture are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 19570901; Ambur, Damodar R. 1,2 Rouse, Marshall 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Associate Fellow, AIAA  2: Head, Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-001  3: Senior Member, AIAA  4: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-001; Source Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1037; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 14 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, W.
AU  - Krist, S.
T1  - Spline-Based Airfoil Curvature Smoothing and Its Applications.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1065
EP  - 1074
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The performance of a transonic airfoil is directly related to the airfoil curvature profile and its smoothness. Whereas univariate data smoothing has been studied extensively, very little research has been conducted on curvature smoothing. Consequently, airfoil smoothing in design environments is largely based on heuristic methods, and there is an art to the generation of an unbiased smooth fit of the airfoil's curvature profile by the modification of its geometry. In this paper, the sum of squares of the third derivative jumps is used as a curvature smoothness measure for the development of a spline-based airfoil smoothing method, called constrained fitting for airfoil curvature smoothing (CFACS). CFACS can take out dramatic curvature oscillations with extremely small geometry changes and smooth an airfoil segment without creating curvature oscillations near the endpoints. Visually, CFACS generates an unbiased smooth fit of the curvature profile. Examples demonstrating the utility of CFACS show how the smoothing can be tailored to promote desirable characteristics in performance trade studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - CURVATURE
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - GEOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 19570904; Li, W. 1,2; Email Address: w.li@nasa.gov Krist, S. 1,3; Email Address: steven.e.krist@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Member, AIAA  2: Senior Research Engineer, Multidisciplinary Optimization Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Aerospace Engineer, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1065; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: CURVATURE; Subject Term: HEURISTIC; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Windhorst, Robert
AU  - Ardema, Mark
T1  - Some Characteristics of Supersonic Transport Trajectories.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/07//Jul/Aug2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1079
EP  - 1081
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The article investigates the characteristics of supersonic transport trajectories. A comparison of trajectories cruising at the three locally optimum Mach numbers is presented. A description of mixed supersonic and subsonic cruise for the aircraft model is outlined. Illustration and interpretation of the payload-range curve in terms of number of passengers are presented.
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Trajectories
KW  - MODEL airplanes
KW  - MACH number
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 19570906; Windhorst, Robert 1,2 Ardema, Mark 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Member, AIAA  2: Aerospace Engineer, Aerospace Operations Modeling Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053; Source Info: Jul/Aug2005, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1079; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Trajectories; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339930 Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernstein, Ben C.
AU  - McDonough, Frank
AU  - Politovich, Marcia K.
AU  - Brown, Barbara G.
AU  - Ratvasky, Thomas P.
AU  - Miller, Dean R.
AU  - Wolff, Cory A.
AU  - Cunning, Gary
T1  - Current Icing Potential: Algorithm Description and Comparison with Aircraft Observations.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 969
EP  - 986
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - The “current icing potential” (CIP) algorithm combines satellite, radar, surface, lightning, and pilot-report observations with model output to create a detailed three-dimensional hourly diagnosis of the potential for the existence of icing and supercooled large droplets. It uses a physically based situational approach that is derived from basic and applied cloud physics, combined with forecaster and onboard flight experience from field programs. Both fuzzy logic and decision-tree logic are applied in this context. CIP determines the locations of clouds and precipitation and then estimates the potential for the presence of supercooled liquid water and supercooled large droplets within a given airspace. First developed in the winter of 1997/98, CIP became an operational National Weather Service and Federal Aviation Administration product in 2002, providing real-time diagnoses that allow users to make route-specific decisions to avoid potentially hazardous icing. The CIP algorithm, its individual components, and the logic behind them are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - FREEZING precipitation
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - SUPERCOOLED liquids
KW  - SUPERCOOLING
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17879956; Bernstein, Ben C. 1; Email Address: bernstei@rap.ucar.edu McDonough, Frank 1 Politovich, Marcia K. 1 Brown, Barbara G. 1 Ratvasky, Thomas P. 2 Miller, Dean R. 2 Wolff, Cory A. 1 Cunning, Gary 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Applications Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p969; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: FREEZING precipitation; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: SUPERCOOLED liquids; Subject Term: SUPERCOOLING; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andre, C. L.
AU  - Wilt, D. M.
AU  - Pitera, A. J.
AU  - Lee, M. L.
AU  - Fitzgerald, E. A.
AU  - Ringel, S. A.
T1  - Impact of dislocation densities on n+/p and p+/n junction GaAs diodes and solar cells on SiGe virtual substrates.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2005/07//7/1/2005
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 014502
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Recent experimental measurements have shown that in GaAs with elevated threading dislocation densities (TDDs) the electron lifetime is much lower than the hole lifetime [C. L. Andre, J. J. Boeckl, D. M. Wilt, A. J. Pitera, M. L. Lee, E. A. Fitzgerald, B. M. Keyes, and S. A. Ringel, Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 3884 (2004)]. This lower electron lifetime suggests an increase in depletion region recombination and thus in the reverse saturation current (J0 for an n+/p diode compared with a p+/n diode at a given TDD. To confirm this, GaAs diodes of both polarities were grown on compositionally graded Ge/Si1-xGex/Si (SiGe) substrates with a TDD of 1×106 cm-2. It is shown that the ratio of measured J0 values is consistent with the inverse ratio of the expected lifetimes. Using a TDD-dependent lifetime in solar cell current–voltage models we found that the Voc, for a given short-circuit current, also exhibits a poorer TDD tolerance for GaAs n+/p solar cells compared with GaAs p+/n solar cells. Experimentally, the open-circuit voltage (Voc) for the n+/p GaAs solar cell grown on a SiGe substrate with a TDD of ∼1×106 cm-2 was ∼880 mV which was significantly lower than the ∼980 mV measured for a p+/n GaAs solar cell grown on SiGe at the same TDD and was consistent with the solar cell modeling results reported in this paper. We conclude that p+/n polarity GaAs junctions demonstrate superior dislocation tolerance than n+/p configured GaAs junctions, which is important for optimization of lattice-mismatched III–V devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - DIODES
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide solar cells
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide
KW  - ARSENIDES
KW  - GALLIUM compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 17691570; Andre, C. L. 1 Wilt, D. M. 2 Pitera, A. J. 3 Lee, M. L. 3 Fitzgerald, E. A. 3 Ringel, S. A. 1; Email Address: ringel5@osu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210  2: Photovoltaic and Space Environment Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Source Info: 7/1/2005, Vol. 98 Issue 1, p014502; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide solar cells; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide; Subject Term: ARSENIDES; Subject Term: GALLIUM compounds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1946194
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tan, Xiaofeng
AU  - Salama, Farid
T1  - Cavity ring-down spectroscopy and vibronic activity of benzo[ghi]perylene.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/07//7/1/2005
VL  - 123
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 014312
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Gas-phase cavity ring-down spectroscopy of jet-cooled benzo[ghi]perylene (C22H12) in the 26 950–28 600-cm-1 spectral range is reported for the first time. This study is part of our extensive laboratory astrophysics program for the study of interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The observed spectrum shows an intermediate level structure and significant broadening and is associated with the vibronically coupled S1(1A1)←S0(1A1) and S2(1B1)←S0(1A1) electronic transitions. Time-dependent density-functional calculations were performed to calculate the energetics, vibrational frequencies, and normal coordinates of the S1 and S2 states. A simple vibronic model was employed to account for the vibronic interaction between the vibronic levels of the S1 and S2 states. The calculated vibronic spectrum is found to be in good agreement with the experimental spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - PERYLENE
KW  - BENZANTHRACENES
N1  - Accession Number: 17671169; Tan, Xiaofeng 1; Email Address: x.tan@jhu.edu Salama, Farid 1; Email Address: farid.salama@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: 7/1/2005, Vol. 123 Issue 1, p014312; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: PERYLENE; Subject Term: BENZANTHRACENES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1938907
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17671169&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Takmeng Wong
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Parker, Lindsay
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part I: Methodology and Preliminary Results of the 1998 El Niño/2000 La Niña.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 18
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2497
EP  - 2514
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study presents an objective classification methodology that uses Earth Observing System (EOS) satellite data to classify distinct “cloud objects” defined by cloud-system types, sizes, geographic locations, and matched large-scale environments. This analysis method identifies a cloud object as a contiguous region of the earth with a single dominant cloud-system type. It determines the shape and size of the cloud object from the satellite data and the cloud-system selection criteria. The statistical properties of the identified cloud objects are analyzed in terms of probability density functions (PDFs) based upon the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Satellite Footprint (SSF) data. Four distinct types of oceanic cloud objects—tropical deep convection, boundary layer cumulus, transition stratocumulus, and solid stratus—are initially identified from the CERES data collected from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite for this study. Preliminary results are presented from the analysis of the grand-mean PDFs of these four distinct types of cloud objects associated with the strong 1997/98 El Niño in March 1998 and the very weak 2000 La Niña in March 2000. A majority of the CERES footprint statistical characteristics of observed tropical deep convection are similar between the two periods in spite of the climatological contrast. There are, however, statistically significant differences in some cloud macrophysical properties such as the cloud-top height and cloud-top pressure and moderately significant differences in outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), cloud-top temperature, and ice diameter. The footprint statistical characteristics of the three observed boundary layer cloud-system types are distinctly different from one another in all cloud microphysical, macrophysical, optical properties, and radiative fluxes. The differences between the two periods are not significant for most cloud microphysical and optical properties and the top-of-the-atmosphere albedo, but are statistically significant for some cloud macrophysical properties and OLR. These characteristics of the grand-mean PDFs of cloud microphysical, macrophysical, and optical properties and radiative fluxes can be usefully compared with cloud model simulations. Furthermore, the proportion of different boundary layer cloud types is changed between the two periods in spite of small differences in their grand-mean statistical properties. An increase of the stratus population and a decrease of the cumulus population are evident in the El Niño period compared to the very weak La Niña period. The number of the largest tropical convective cloud objects is larger during the El Niño period, but the total number of tropical convective cloud objects is approximately the same in the two periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17784411; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov Takmeng Wong 1 Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Parker, Lindsay 2 Eitzen, Zachary A. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  3: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 18 Issue 13, p2497; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobayashi, Takahisa
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
T1  - Evaluation of an Enhanced Bank of Kalman Filters for In-Flight Aircraft Engine Sensor Fault Diagnostics.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 127
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 497
EP  - 504
SN  - 07424795
AB  - In this paper, an approach for in-flight fault detection and isolation (FDI) of aircraft engine sensors based on a bank of Kalman filters is developed. This approach utilizes multiple Kalman filters, each of which is designed based on a specific fault hypothesis. When the propulsion system experiences a fault, only one Kalman filter with the correct hypothesis is able to maintain the nominal estimation performance. Based on this knowledge, the isolation of faults is achieved. Since the propulsion system may experience component and actuator faults as well, a sensor FDI system must be robust in terms of avoiding misclassifications of any anomalies. The proposed approach utilizes a bank of (m + 1) Kalman filters where m is the number of sensors being monitored. One Kalman filter is used for the detection of component and actuator faults while each of the other m filters detects a fault in a specific sensor. With this setup, the overall robustness of the sensor FDI system to anomalies is enhanced. Moreover, numerous component fault events can be accounted for by the FDI system. The sensor FDI system is applied to a nonlinear simulation of a commercial aircraft gas turbine engine, and its performance is evaluated at multiple power settings at a cruise operating point using various fault scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - ENGINES
N1  - Accession Number: 19271960; Kobayashi, Takahisa 1 Simon, Donald L. 2; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS-77 1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 127 Issue 3, p497; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: ENGINES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1850505
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delgado, Irebert R.
AU  - Halford, Gary R.
AU  - Steinetz, Bruce M.
AU  - Rimnac, Clare M.
T1  - Strain-Life Assessment of Grainex Mar-M 247 for NASA's Turbine Seal Test Facility.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 127
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 615
EP  - 620
SN  - 07424795
AB  - NASA's turbine seal facility tests air-to-air seals for advanced jet engines. High temperature. speed, and pressure combinations limit test disk life, due to crack initiation in the Grainex Mar-M 247 disk bolt holes. An inspection interval is determined to ensure safe operation. Fatigue strain-life data is presented for test specimens from a test disk. Strain-life models (Manson-Hirschberg method of universal slopes, Halford-Nachtigall mean stress method, and modified Morrow method) were compared to experiment. Using experimental data at -99.95% prediction levels, accounting for six bolt holes at 0.5% total strain and 649°C, the test disk should be inspected after 665 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - ELECTRIC generators
KW  - HEAT
N1  - Accession Number: 19271974; Delgado, Irebert R. 1 Halford, Gary R. 2 Steinetz, Bruce M. 2 Rimnac, Clare M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Vehicle Technology Directorate, US Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Case Western Research University, Cleveland, OH 44106; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 127 Issue 3, p615; Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: ELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: HEAT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1852563
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinkelman, Laura M.
AU  - Stevens, Bjorn
AU  - Evans, K. Franklin
T1  - A Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Anisotropy in Fair-Weather Cumulus Cloud Fields.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/07//7/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2155
EP  - 2171
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Causes of anisotropy in fair-weather cumulus cloud fields were investigated using quantitative measures of anisotropy and a large-eddy simulation (LES) model. Case six of the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Cloud System Study Working Group 1 was used as the standard model scenario. This case represents radiatively forced development of cumulus clouds over the southern Great Plains. Cloud formation under a variety of environmental conditions was simulated and the degree of anisotropy in the output fields was calculated as a function of spatial scale. Wind shear was found to be the single greatest factor in the development of both vertically tilted and horizontally stretched cloud structures. Other factors included mean wind speed, initial water vapor mixing ratio, and the magnitude of the surface forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - GREAT Plains
N1  - Accession Number: 17880018; Hinkelman, Laura M. 1,2,3; Email Address: l.m.hinkelman@larc.nasa.gov Stevens, Bjorn 4 Evans, K. Franklin 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199  4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California  5: Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: 7/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 7, p2155; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: GREAT Plains; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garrett, T. J.
AU  - Navarro, B. C.
AU  - Twohy, C. H.
AU  - Jensen, E. J.
AU  - Baumgardner, D. G.
AU  - Bui, P. T.
AU  - Gerber, H.
AU  - Herman, R. L.
AU  - Heymsfield, A. J.
AU  - Lawson, P.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Nguyen, L.
AU  - Poellot, M.
AU  - Pope, S. K.
AU  - Valero, F. P. J.
AU  - Weinstock, E. M.
T1  - Evolution of a Florida Cirrus Anvil.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/07//7/1/2005
VL  - 62
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2352
EP  - 2372
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This paper presents a detailed study of a single thunderstorm anvil cirrus cloud measured on 21 July 2002 near southern Florida during the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE). NASA WB-57F and University of North Dakota Citation aircraft tracked the microphysical and radiative development of the anvil for 3 h. Measurements showed that the cloud mass that was advected downwind from the thunderstorm was separated vertically into two layers: a cirrus anvil with cloud-top temperatures of -45°C lay below a second, thin tropopause cirrus (TTC) layer with the same horizontal dimensions as the anvil and temperatures near -70°C. In both cloud layers, ice crystals smaller than 50 μm across dominated the size distributions and cloud radiative properties. In the anvil, ice crystals larger than 50 μm aggregated and precipitated while small ice crystals increasingly dominated the size distributions; as a consequence, measured ice water contents and ice crystal effective radii decreased with time. Meanwhile, the anvil thinned vertically and maintained a stratification similar to its environment. Because effective radii were small, radiative heating and cooling were concentrated in layers approximately 100 m thick at the anvil top and base. A simple analysis suggests that the anvil cirrus spread laterally because mixing in these radiatively driven layers created horizontal pressure gradients between the cloud and its stratified environment. The TTC layer also spread but, unlike the anvil, did not dissipate—perhaps because the anvil shielded the TTC from terrestrial infrared heating. Calculations of top-of-troposphere radiative forcing above the anvil and TTC showed strong cooling that tapered as the anvil evolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - THUNDERSTORMS
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - MIDDLE atmosphere
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - FLORIDA
N1  - Accession Number: 17880003; Garrett, T. J. 1; Email Address: tgarrett@met.utah.edu Navarro, B. C. 1 Twohy, C. H. 2 Jensen, E. J. 3 Baumgardner, D. G. 4 Bui, P. T. 3 Gerber, H. 5 Herman, R. L. 6 Heymsfield, A. J. 7 Lawson, P. 8 Minnis, P. 9 Nguyen, L. 9 Poellot, M. 10 Pope, S. K. 11 Valero, F. P. J. 11 Weinstock, E. M. 12; Affiliation:  1: Meteorology Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah  2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  4: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico  5: Gerber Scientific, Inc., Reston, Virginia  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  8: SPEC, Inc., Boulder, Colorado  9: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia  10: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota  11: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California  12: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Source Info: 7/1/2005, Vol. 62 Issue 7, p2352; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: THUNDERSTORMS; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: MIDDLE atmosphere; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: FLORIDA; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joslin, Ronald D.
AU  - Thomas, Russell H.
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan M.
T1  - Synergism of flow and noise control technologies
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
EP  - 417
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: This paper will discuss the synergism of flow and noise control technologies relevant to both air and undersea vehicles. Because many review publications specifically focus on either flow control or noise control, this presentation will not provide an exhaustive literature survey. Sufficient citations will highlight the effectiveness of the technologies; however, the primary goal of this paper is to outline direct and indirect linkages, counterproductive linkages, and examples with no linkages between noise and flow control technologies. Hence, woven through out the individual sections is a focus on the various forms of linkage between flow and noise control applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - NOISE control
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 18342529; Joslin, Ronald D. 1; Email Address: Ronald_Joslin@ONR.NAVY.MIL Thomas, Russell H. 2; Email Address: R.H.Thomas@LARC.NASA.GOV Choudhari, Meelan M. 2; Email Address: M.M.Choudhari@LARC.NASA.GOV; Affiliation:  1: Office of Naval Research, 875 North Randolph Street, Arlington, VA 22203, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p363; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: NOISE control; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL engineering; Number of Pages: 55p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2005.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghoshal, A.
AU  - Martin, W. N.
AU  - Schulz, M. J.
AU  - Prosser, W. H.
AU  - Chattopadhyay, A.
T1  - Simulation of asymmetric Lamb waves for sensing and actuation in plates.
JO  - Shock & Vibration
JF  - Shock & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 271
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10709622
AB  - Two approaches used for monitoring the health of thin aerospace structures are active interrogation and passive monitoring. The active interrogation approach generates and receives diagnostic Lamb waves to detect damage, while the passive monitoring technique listens for acoustic waves caused by damage growth. For the application of both methods, it is necessary to understand how Lamb waves propagate through a structure. In this paper, a Physics-Based Model (PBM) using classical plate theory is developed to provide a basic understanding of the actual physical process of asymmetric Lamb mode wave generation and propagation in a plate. The closed-form model uses modal superposition to simulate waves generated by piezoceramic patches and by simulated acoustic emissions. The generation, propagation, reflection, interference, and the sensing of the waves are represented in the model, but damage is not explicitly modeled. The developed model is expected to be a useful tool for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) community, particularly for studying high frequency acoustic wave generation and propagation in lieu of Finite Element models and other numerical models that require significant computational resources. The PBM is capable of simulating many possible scenarios including a variety of test cases, whereas experimental measurements of all of the cases can be costly and time consuming. The model also incorporates the sensor measurement effect, which is an important aspect in damage detection. Continuous and array sensors are modeled, which are efficient for measuring waves because of their distributed nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Shock & Vibration is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMB waves
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 18180236; Ghoshal, A. 1; Email Address: anindo_ghoshal@yahoo.com Martin, W. N. 2; Email Address: MartinWN@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil Schulz, M. J. 3; Email Address: mark.j.schulz@uc.edu Prosser, W. H. 4; Email Address: William.H.Prosser@nasa.gov Chattopadhyay, A. 5; Email Address: aditi@asu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Structural Integrity Group, United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT 06108 (formerly National Research Council Associate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI 02841, USA  3: Associate. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  4: MS 231, NESB, 3B Taylor St, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p243; Subject Term: LAMB waves; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blommaert, Joris A. D.
AU  - Cami, Jan
AU  - Szczerba, Ryszard
AU  - Barlow, Michael J.
T1  - Late Stages of Stellar Evolution.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 119
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 215
EP  - 243
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - A large fraction of ISO observing time was used to study the late stages of stellar evolution. Many molecular and solid state features, including crystalline silicates and the rotational lines of water vapour, were detected for the first time in the spectra of (post-)Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars. Their analysis has greatly improved our knowledge of stellar atmospheres and circumstellar environments. A surprising number of objects, particularly young planetary nebulae with Wolf-Rayet (WR) central stars, were found to exhibit emission features in their ISO spectra that are characteristic of both oxygen-rich and carbon-rich dust species, while far-IR observations of the PDR around NGC 7027 led to the first detections of the rotational line spectra of CH and CH+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - STARS
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC giant branch stars
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - A stars -- Atmospheres
KW  - EARLY stars -- Atmospheres
KW  - MASS loss (Astrophysics)
KW  - SYMBIOTIC stars
KW  - WOLF-Rayet stars
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - NOVAE (Astronomy)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - dust
KW  - Infrared: stars
KW  - molecules
KW  - Novae
KW  - Planetary Nebulae
KW  - Stars: AGB and post-AGB
KW  - Stars: atmospheres
KW  - Stars: carbon
KW  - Stars: late-type
KW  - Stars: mass-loss
KW  - Stars: supergiants
KW  - Stars: symbiotic
KW  - Stars: Wolf-Rayet
N1  - Accession Number: 19014942; Blommaert, Joris A. D. 1; Email Address: jorisb@ster.kuleuven.be Cami, Jan 2 Szczerba, Ryszard 3 Barlow, Michael J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.  3: N. Copernicus Astronomical Center, Rabiańska 8 87-100 Toruń Poland  4: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT U.K.; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 119 Issue 1-4, p215; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC giant branch stars; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: A stars -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: EARLY stars -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: MASS loss (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SYMBIOTIC stars; Subject Term: WOLF-Rayet stars; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: NOVAE (Astronomy); Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary Nebulae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: AGB and post-AGB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: mass-loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: supergiants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: symbiotic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: Wolf-Rayet; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-005-8057-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peeters, Els
AU  - Martín-Hernández, Nieves Leticia
AU  - Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J.
AU  - Tielens, Xander
T1  - High Excitation ISM and Gas.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 119
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 292
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - An overview is given of ISO results on regions of high excitation ISM and gas, i.e. H II regions, the Galactic Centre and Supernova Remnants. IR emission due to fine-structure lines, molecular hydrogen, silicates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dust are summarised, their diagnostic capabilities illustrated and their implications highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - H II regions (Astrophysics)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - INTERSTELLAR hydrogen
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - GALACTIC center
KW  - galactic centre
KW  - H II
KW  - H II regions
KW  - IR
KW  - L ATEX
KW  - LATEX
KW  - regions
KW  - supernova remnants
N1  - Accession Number: 19014955; Peeters, Els 1; Email Address: epeeters@mail.arc.nasa.gov Martín-Hernández, Nieves Leticia 2 Rodríguez-Fernández, Nemesio J. 3 Tielens, Xander 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, U.S.A.  2: Observatoire de Geneve, Switzerland  3: LUTH/LERMA & Observatoire de Paris, France  4: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, The Netherlands; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 119 Issue 1-4, p273; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: H II regions (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR hydrogen; Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: GALACTIC center; Author-Supplied Keyword: galactic centre; Author-Supplied Keyword: H II; Author-Supplied Keyword: H II regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR; Author-Supplied Keyword: L ATEX; Author-Supplied Keyword: LATEX; Author-Supplied Keyword: regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: supernova remnants; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-005-8070-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, R.L.
AU  - Miyoshi, K.
AU  - Street, K.W.
AU  - Tomasek, A.J.
AU  - Peng, H.
AU  - Liu, Y.
AU  - Margrave, J.L.
AU  - Khabashesku, V.N.
T1  - Friction properties of surface-fluorinated carbon nanotubes
JO  - Wear
JF  - Wear
Y1  - 2005/07//
VL  - 259
IS  - 1-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 738
EP  - 743
SN  - 00431648
AB  - Abstract: Surface modification of the tubular or sphere-shaped carbon nanoparticles through chemical treatment, e.g., fluorination, is expected to significantly affect their friction properties. In this study, a direct fluorination of the graphene-built tubular (single-walled carbon nanotubes) structures has been carried out to obtain a series of fluorinated nanotubes (fluoronanotubes) with variable C n F (n =2–20) stoichiometries. The friction coefficients for fluoronanotubes, as well as pristine and chemically cut nanotubes, were found to reach values as low as 0.002–0.07, according to evaluation tests run in contact with sapphire in air of about 40% relative humidity on a ball-on-disk tribometer which provided an unidirectional sliding friction motion. These preliminary results demonstrate ultra-low friction properties and show a promise in applications of surface modified nanocarbons as a solid lubricant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Wear is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Fluorination
KW  - Fluoronanotubes
KW  - Friction
N1  - Accession Number: 17916360; Vander Wal, R.L. 1 Miyoshi, K. 2 Street, K.W. 2 Tomasek, A.J. 1 Peng, H. 3 Liu, Y. 3 Margrave, J.L. Khabashesku, V.N. 3; Email Address: khval@rice.edu; Affiliation:  1: The National Center for Microgravity Research at NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: The NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Rice University, 6100 Main street, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 259 Issue 1-6, p738; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluoronanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Friction; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wear.2005.02.082
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yen, Albert S.
AU  - Gellert, Ralf
AU  - Schröder, Christian
AU  - Morris, Richard V.
AU  - Bell III, James F.
AU  - Knudson, Amy T.
AU  - Clark, Benton C.
AU  - Ming, Douglas W.
AU  - Crisp, Joy A.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Blaney, Diana
AU  - Brückner, Johannes
AU  - Christensen, Philip R.
AU  - DesMarais, David J.
AU  - de Souza Jr., Paulo A.
AU  - Economou, Thanasis E.
AU  - Ghosh, Amitabha
AU  - Hahn, Brian C.
AU  - Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.
AU  - Haskin, Larry A.
T1  - An integrated view of the chemistry and mineralogy of martian soils.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/07/07/
VL  - 436
IS  - 7047
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 54
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The mineralogical and elemental compositions of the martian soil are indicators of chemical and physical weathering processes. Using data from the Mars Exploration Rovers, we show that bright dust deposits on opposite sides of the planet are part of a global unit and not dominated by the composition of local rocks. Dark soil deposits at both sites have similar basaltic mineralogies, and could reflect either a global component or the general similarity in the compositions of the rocks from which they were derived. Increased levels of bromine are consistent with mobilization of soluble salts by thin films of liquid water, but the presence of olivine in analysed soil samples indicates that the extent of aqueous alteration of soils has been limited. Nickel abundances are enhanced at the immediate surface and indicate that the upper few millimetres of soil could contain up to one per cent meteoritic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOILS
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - PHYSICAL geology
N1  - Accession Number: 17550568; Yen, Albert S. 1 Gellert, Ralf 2 Schröder, Christian 3 Morris, Richard V. 4 Bell III, James F. 5 Knudson, Amy T. 6 Clark, Benton C. 7 Ming, Douglas W. 4 Crisp, Joy A. 1 Arvidson, Raymond E. 8 Blaney, Diana 1 Brückner, Johannes 2 Christensen, Philip R. 6 DesMarais, David J. 9 de Souza Jr., Paulo A. 10 Economou, Thanasis E. 11 Ghosh, Amitabha 12 Hahn, Brian C. 13 Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 14 Haskin, Larry A. 8; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  2: Max Planck Institut für Chemie, D-55128 Mainz, Germany  3: Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  5: Cornell University, Department of Astronomy, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA  6: Arizona State University, Department of Geological Sciences, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA  7: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, Colorado 80127, USA  8: Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  10: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, 29030-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil  11: Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA  12: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA  13: State University of New York, Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA  14: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; Source Info: 7/7/2005, Vol. 436 Issue 7047, p49; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: PHYSICAL geology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03637
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haskin, Larry A.
AU  - Wang, Alian
AU  - Jolliff, Bradley L.
AU  - McSween, Harry Y.
AU  - Clark, Benton C.
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - McLennan, Scott M.
AU  - Tosca, Nicholas J.
AU  - Hurowitz, Joel A.
AU  - Farmer, Jack D.
AU  - Yen, Albert
AU  - Squyres, Steve W.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Klingelhöfer, Göstar
AU  - Schröder, Christian
AU  - de Souza Jr., Paulo A.
AU  - Ming, Douglas W.
AU  - Gellert, Ralf
AU  - Zipfel, Jutta
AU  - Brückner, Johannes
T1  - Water alteration of rocks and soils on Mars at the Spirit rover site in Gusev crater.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/07/07/
VL  - 436
IS  - 7047
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 69
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Gusev crater was selected as the landing site for the Spirit rover because of the possibility that it once held a lake. Thus one of the rover's tasks was to search for evidence of lake sediments. However, the plains at the landing site were found to be covered by a regolith composed of olivine-rich basaltic rock and windblown ‘global’ dust. The analyses of three rock interiors exposed by the rock abrasion tool showed that they are similar to one another, consistent with having originated from a common lava flow. Here we report the investigation of soils, rock coatings and rock interiors by the Spirit rover from sol (martian day) 1 to sol 156, from its landing site to the base of the Columbia hills. The physical and chemical characteristics of the materials analysed provide evidence for limited but unequivocal interaction between water and the volcanic rocks of the Gusev plains. This evidence includes the softness of rock interiors that contain anomalously high concentrations of sulphur, chlorine and bromine relative to terrestrial basalts and martian meteorites; sulphur, chlorine and ferric iron enrichments in multilayer coatings on the light-toned rock Mazatzal; high bromine concentration in filled vugs and veins within the plains basalts; positive correlations between magnesium, sulphur and other salt components in trench soils; and decoupling of sulphur, chlorine and bromine concentrations in trench soils compared to Gusev surface soils, indicating chemical mobility and separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - SOILS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - PLANETS
N1  - Accession Number: 17550567; Haskin, Larry A. 1 Wang, Alian 1 Jolliff, Bradley L. 1 McSween, Harry Y. 2 Clark, Benton C. 3 Des Marais, David J. 4 McLennan, Scott M. 5 Tosca, Nicholas J. 5 Hurowitz, Joel A. 5 Farmer, Jack D. 6 Yen, Albert 7 Squyres, Steve W. 8 Arvidson, Raymond E. 1 Klingelhöfer, Göstar 9 Schröder, Christian 9 de Souza Jr., Paulo A. 10 Ming, Douglas W. 11 Gellert, Ralf 12 Zipfel, Jutta 12 Brückner, Johannes 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, USA  2: Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Littleton, Colorado 80125, USA  4: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  5: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2100, USA  6: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Box 876305, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA  7: JPL, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  8: Cornell University, 428 Space Science Buildings, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA  9: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany  10: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, 20030-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil  11: NASA JSC, MC KR, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  12: Abteilung Kosmochemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Postfach 3060, Mainz, Germany; Source Info: 7/7/2005, Vol. 436 Issue 7047, p66; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: PLANETS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature03640
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McNelis, Anne M.
AU  - Heese, John A.
AU  - Samorezov, Sergey
AU  - Moss, Larry A.
AU  - Just, Marcus L.
T1  - Ground based ISS payload microgravity disturbance assessments
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 214
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: In order to verify that the International Space Station (ISS) payload facility racks do not disturb the microgravity environment of neighboring facility racks and that the facility science operations are not compromised, a testing and analytical verification process must be followed. Currently no facility racks have taken this process from start to finish. The authors are participants in implementing this process for the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) Fluids and Combustion Facility (FCF). To address the testing part of the verification process, the Microgravity Emissions Laboratory (MEL) was developed at GRC. The MEL is a 6 degree of freedom inertial measurement system capable of characterizing inertial response forces (emissions) of components, sub-rack payloads, or rack-level payloads down to ''s. The inertial force output data, generated from the steady state or transient operations of the test articles, are utilized in analytical simulations to predict the on-orbit vibratory environment at specific science or rack interface locations. Once the facility payload rack and disturbers are properly modeled an assessment can be made as to whether required microgravity levels are achieved. The modeling is utilized to develop microgravity predictions which lead to the development of microgravity sensitive ISS experiment operations once on-orbit. The on-orbit measurements will be verified by use of the NASA GRC Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS). The major topics to be addressed in this paper are: (1) Microgravity Requirements, (2) Microgravity Disturbers, (3) MEL Testing, (4) Disturbance Control, (5) Microgravity Control Process, and (6) On-Orbit Predictions and Verification. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE stations
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - ORBITAL rendezvous (Space flight)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 17993415; McNelis, Anne M. 1; Email Address: Anne.M.McNelis@nasa.gov Heese, John A. 2; Email Address: John.Heese@zin-tech.com Samorezov, Sergey 2; Email Address: Sergey.Samorezov@zin-tech.com Moss, Larry A. 2; Email Address: Larry.Moss@zin-tech.com Just, Marcus L. 2; Email Address: Marcus.Just@zin-tech.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland Ohio 44135, USA  2: ZIN Technologies Inc., 3000 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park Ohio 44142, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2-8, p205; Subject Term: SPACE stations; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: ORBITAL rendezvous (Space flight); Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.047
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17993415&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McClinton, Charles R.
AU  - Rausch, Vincent L.
AU  - Nguyen, Luat T.
AU  - Sitz, Joel R.
T1  - Preliminary X-43 flight test results
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 266
EP  - 276
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The successful Mach 7 flight test of the Hyper-X/X-43 research vehicle has provided a major, essential demonstration of the capability of the airframe integrated scramjet engine. This flight was a crucial first step toward establishing the potential for air-breathing hypersonic propulsion for application to space-launch vehicles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - AIRBREATHING launch vehicles
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite launching
KW  - SCRAMJET engines
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
N1  - Accession Number: 17993428; McClinton, Charles R. 1; Email Address: Charles.R.Mcclinton@nasa.gov Rausch, Vincent L. 1 Nguyen, Luat T. 1 Sitz, Joel R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, USA  2: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2-8, p266; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: AIRBREATHING launch vehicles; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite launching; Subject Term: SCRAMJET engines; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.060
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fiehler, Douglas
AU  - Oleson, Steven
T1  - Radioisotope electric propulsion missions utilizing a common spacecraft design
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 454
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: A study was conducted that shows how a single radioisotope electric propulsion (REP) spacecraft design could be used for various missions throughout the solar system. This spacecraft design is based on an REP feasibility design from a study performed by NASA Glenn Research Center and the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. The study also identifies technologies that need development to enable these missions. The mission baseline for the REP feasibility design study is a Trojan asteroid orbiter. This mission sends an REP spacecraft to Jupiter''s leading Lagrange point where it would orbit and examine several Trojan asteroids. The spacecraft design from the REP feasibility study would also be applicable to missions to the Centaurs, and through some change of payload configuration could accommodate a comet sample-return mission. Missions to small bodies throughout the outer solar system are also within reach of this spacecraft design. This set of missions, utilizing the common REP spacecraft design, is examined, and required design modifications for specific missions are outlined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES in aeronautics
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - LAGRANGIAN points
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 17993461; Fiehler, Douglas 1; Email Address: Douglas.I.Fiehler@grc.nasa.gov Oleson, Steven 2; Email Address: Steven.R.Oleson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., M.S. 301-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., M.S. 301-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2-8, p444; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES in aeronautics; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN points; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17993461&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weeks, David J.
AU  - Walker, Steven H.
AU  - Sackheim, Robert L.
T1  - Small satellites and the DARPA/Air Force FALCON program
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
EP  - 477
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The FALCON program is a technology demonstration effort with three major components: a Small Launch Vehicle (SLV), a Hypersonic Technology Vehicle (HTV), and a Hypersonic Cruise Vehicle (HCV). Sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and executed jointly by the United States Air Force and DARPA with NASA participation, the objectives are to develop and demonstrate technologies that will enable both near-term and far-term capability to execute time-critical, global reach missions. The focus of this paper is on the SLV as it relates to small satellites and the implications of lower cost to orbit for small satellites. The target recurring cost for placing 1000 pounds payloads into a circular reference orbit of at 100 nautical miles is $5,000,000 per launch. This includes range costs but not the payload or payload integration costs. In addition to the nominal 1000 pounds to low earth orbit (LEO), FALCON is seeking delivery of a range of orbital payloads from 220 to 2200 pounds to the reference orbit. Once placed on ‘alert’ status, the SLV must be capable of launch within 24h. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSPACECRAFT
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Orbits
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - UNITED States. Air Force
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 17993463; Weeks, David J. 1; Email Address: dave.weeks@nasa.gov Walker, Steven H. 2; Email Address: swalker@darpa.mil Sackheim, Robert L. 3; Email Address: bob.sackheim@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Exploration and Development Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama, USA  2: FALCON Program, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Arlington, VA, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2-8, p469; Subject Term: MICROSPACECRAFT; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Orbits; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Air Force Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928110 National Security; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.058
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17993463&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Curto, Paul A.
AU  - Hornstein, Rhoda Shaller
T1  - Injection of new technology into space systems
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 490
EP  - 497
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Small satellite systems appear to be antithetical to human spaceflight systems and flagship robotic satellite systems: Small satellite missions have more focused scientific objectives, lower cost, far less complexity, and shorter development and deployment schedules. The shorter schedules offer an opportunity for injecting new technology into their design as a means for keeping costs and schedule under control, for enabling cost-effective operations, and for taking advantage of innovative ideas. It is often the case that small satellite missions benefit from technologies specifically targeted for their application, but benefits may also be realized by adopting or injecting technologies originally developed for human spaceflight systems, especially if these technologies were conceived using multi-use and multi-disciplinary development principles. In this paper, the authors discuss the precedent of injecting new technology developed for human spaceflight systems into small satellite missions. More importantly, the authors will present five new technologies recently proposed for making the NASA Space Shuttle safer to fly, all of which are directly applicable to small satellite mission design and operations. The technologies, when matured, will provide a means to create new generations of ultra-reliable flight hardware and software. The technologies are all currently at the developmental phase and require modest investment to achieve operational status. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSPACECRAFT
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 17993465; Curto, Paul A.; Email Address: paul.a.curto@nasa.gov Hornstein, Rhoda Shaller 1; Email Address: rhoda.s.hornstein@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2-8, p490; Subject Term: MICROSPACECRAFT; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17993465&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Graf, James E.
AU  - Zurek, Richard W.
AU  - Eisen, Howard J.
AU  - Jai, Benhan
AU  - Johnston, M.D.
AU  - DePaula, Ramon
T1  - The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mission
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 566
EP  - 578
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) will be launched in August 2005 by an Atlas V 401 expendable launch vehicle from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, USA. It will deliver to Mars orbit a payload to conduct remote sensing science observations, identify and characterize sites for future landers, and provide critical telecom/navigation relay capability for follow-on missions. The mission is designed to provide global, regional survey, and targeted observations from a low 255km by 320km Mars orbit with a 3:00 PM local mean solar time (ascending node). During the one Martian year (687 Earth days) primary science phase, the orbiter will acquire visual and near-infrared high-resolution images of the planet''s surface, monitor atmospheric weather and climate, and search the upper crust for evidence of water. After this science phase is completed, the orbiter will provide telecommunications support for spacecraft launched to Mars in the 2007 and 2009 opportunities. The primary mission ends on December 31, 2010, approximately 5.5 years after launch. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SPACE surveillance
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 17993510; Graf, James E. 1; Email Address: jegraf@jpl.nasa.gov Zurek, Richard W. 1 Eisen, Howard J. 1 Jai, Benhan 1 Johnston, M.D. 1 DePaula, Ramon 2; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2-8, p566; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SPACE surveillance; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.043
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=17993510&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McClinton, Charles R.
AU  - Rausch, Vincent L.
AU  - Shaw, Robert J.
AU  - Metha, Unmeel
AU  - Naftel, Chris
T1  - Hyper-X: Foundation for future hypersonic launch vehicles
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 614
EP  - 622
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The successful Mach-7 flight test of the Hyper-X/X-43A research vehicle has provided a major, essential demonstration of the capability of the airframe-integrated scramjet engine and hypersonic airbreathing vehicle design tools and vision vehicles. This flight was a crucial step toward establishing air-breathing hypersonic propulsion for application to space-launch vehicles and other hypersonic systems. This paper examines the significance of the flight test in advancing the state-of-the science and provides a strategic vision for achieving the dream for safe, efficient and reliable space access with air-breathing propulsion in the near future, through use of more near term approaches. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRBREATHING launch vehicles
KW  - SCRAMJET engines
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite launching
N1  - Accession Number: 17993514; McClinton, Charles R. 1; Email Address: Charles.R.Mcclinton@nasa.gov Rausch, Vincent L. 1 Shaw, Robert J. 2 Metha, Unmeel 3 Naftel, Chris 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  4: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2-8, p614; Subject Term: AIRBREATHING launch vehicles; Subject Term: SCRAMJET engines; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite launching; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.061
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scott Hubbard, G.
T1  - Humans and robots: Hand in grip
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 660
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: As we move boldly forward into the 21st century, there has rarely been a more exciting time in which to contemplate the future of space exploration. The President of the United States has made a new and ambitious commitment to exploration of the solar system and beyond. Robotic partners will play a vital role in ensuring that the Vision is truly “sustainable and affordable”. Relevant science and technology will be discussed with particular emphasis on expertise from NASA Ames Research Center of which the author is Director. The likely evolution of the balance between human explorers and robotic explorers will be addressed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Piloting
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 17993519; Scott Hubbard, G. 1; Email Address: shubbard@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 57 Issue 2-8, p649; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Piloting; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Hui
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Flow boiling CHF in microgravity
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 3107
EP  - 3118
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: Poor understanding of flow boiling in microgravity has recently emerged as a key obstacle to the development of many types of power generation and life support systems intended for space exploration. This study examines flow boiling CHF in microgravity that was achieved in parabolic flight experiments with FC-72 onboard NASA’s KC-135 turbojet. At high heat fluxes, bubbles quickly coalesced into fairly large vapor patches along the heated wall. As CHF was approached, these patches grew in length and formed a wavy vapor layer that propagated along the wall, permitting liquid access only in the wave troughs. CHF was triggered by separation of the liquid–vapor interface from the wall due to intense vapor effusion in the troughs. This behavior is consistent with, and accurately predicted by the Interfacial Lift-off CHF Model. It is shown that at low velocities CHF in microgravity is significantly smaller than in horizontal flow on earth. CHF differences between the two environments decreased with increasing velocity, culminating in virtual convergence at about 1.5m/s. This proves it is possible to design inertia-dominated systems by maintaining flow velocities above the convergence limit. Such systems allow data, correlations, and/or models developed on earth to be safely implemented in space systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - ELECTRIC power production
KW  - CRITICAL care medicine
N1  - Accession Number: 17820190; Zhang, Hui 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 1288 Mechanical Engineering Building, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 48 Issue 15, p3107; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power production; Subject Term: CRITICAL care medicine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.02.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - Reply.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 18
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2783
EP  - 2784
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This article focuses on temperature trend results, referred to as MAPP, that are said to be overestimated by an order of magnitude since MAPP implicitly assumed that the average Northern Hemisphere temperature response to a change in cirrus cloud cover applies at the regional level. The basis for this argument is on an indication that the net equilibrium increase in temperature due to increased cirrus clouds is diffused over a wide area and shows only a minimal geographical relationship to the original forcing.
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - NORTHERN Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 17884277; Minnis, Patrick 1; Email Address: p.minis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 18 Issue 14, p2783; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: NORTHERN Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cath, Tzahi Y.
AU  - Gormly, Sherwin
AU  - Beaudry, Edward G.
AU  - Flynn, Michael T.
AU  - Adams, V. Dean
AU  - Childress, Amy E.
T1  - Membrane contactor processes for wastewater reclamation in space: Part I. Direct osmotic concentration as pretreatment for reverse osmosis
JO  - Journal of Membrane Science
JF  - Journal of Membrane Science
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 257
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
EP  - 98
SN  - 03767388
AB  - Abstract: An innovative system that combines three different membrane processes for reclamation and reuse of wastewater in future space missions was evaluated. The direct osmotic concentration (DOC) system consists of an array of five reverse osmosis (RO) elements, a direct osmosis (DO) pretreatment process, and a combined direct osmosis/osmotic distillation (DO/OD) pretreatment process. Optimized operating conditions, including RO pressures, salt load in the brine loop, and flow velocities were determined for the three subsystems. Mass and heat transfer in the pretreatment processes were measured. Water flux in the DO process was found to be strongly dependent on the type of membrane used; it ranged from 10 to 25l/(m2 h) for a cellulose triacetate membrane specifically designed for this application and from 0.5 to 2l/(m2 h) for commercially available RO membrane. Water flux through the dual DO/OD process was also found to be highly dependent on temperature gradient across the membranes—increasing with increasing temperature gradient. The conditions for minimum energy consumption of the system were determined and used in estimating the specific energy cost of treating the wastewater generated in space. The weight of salt resupply for continuous operation was also estimated. When compared to alternative technologies, the DOC system provides high wastewater recovery (>95%), at low energy cost (&#60;90×103 J/l (25Wh/l)), with minimal resupply (&#60;20kg/year). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Membrane Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION (Physiology)
KW  - PERMEABILITY
KW  - WATER reuse
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - Forward osmosis
KW  - Life support system
KW  - Osmotic distillation
KW  - Reverse osmosis
KW  - Wastewater reclamation
N1  - Accession Number: 17917303; Cath, Tzahi Y. 1 Gormly, Sherwin 1 Beaudry, Edward G. 2 Flynn, Michael T. 3 Adams, V. Dean 1 Childress, Amy E. 1; Email Address: amyec@unr.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0152, USA  2: Osmotek, Inc., P.O. Box 1882, Corvallis, OR 97339, USA  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Code SAR, M/SS: 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 257 Issue 1/2, p85; Subject Term: ABSORPTION (Physiology); Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Subject Term: WATER reuse; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forward osmosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life support system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osmotic distillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reverse osmosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wastewater reclamation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.08.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ripoll, J.-F.
AU  - Wray, A.A.
T1  - A half-moment model for radiative transfer in a 3D gray medium and its reduction to a moment model for hot, opaque sources
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 93
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 519
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: We present in this paper a new 3D half-moment model for radiative transfer in a gray medium, called the model, which uses maximum entropy closure. This model is a generalization to 3D of the 1D version recently proposed in (J. Comp. Phys. 180 (2002) 584). The direction space is divided into two pieces, and , in a dynamical way by the plane perpendicular to the total radiative flux, and the half moments are defined from these subspaces. The model closure and the integrations of the radiative transfer equation performed on the moving spaces are detailed. 1D planar results, which have motivated the extension of the model of (J. Comp. Phys. 180 (2002) 584) to multi-dimensions, are shown. These results are very good. The model is thereafter derived for 3D spherically symmetric geometry, where the correctness of the non-trivial border terms can be checked. Two 3D spherically symmetric problems are numerically solved in order to show the accuracy of the closure and the role of the border terms. Once again, compared to the solution obtained with a ray tracing solver, results are very good. From the 3D half-moment model, a new moment model, called , is derived for the particular case of a 3D hot and opaque source radiating into a cold medium, for applications such as simulations of stellar atmospheres and fires. Two-dimensional numerical results are presented and compared to those obtained solving the RTE and with other moment models. They demonstrate the very good accuracy of the model, its good convergence properties, and better prediction compared to all other existing moment models in its domain of applicability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - FLUX (Metallurgy)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - Half-moment
KW  - Maximum entropy closure
KW  - model
KW  - Moving directional space
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Radiative transfer equation
N1  - Accession Number: 17383525; Ripoll, J.-F. 1; Email Address: ripoll@ctr.stanford.edu Wray, A.A. 2; Email Address: wray@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Stanford University, Center for Turbulence Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 488 Escondido, Building 500/500A, Stanford University, CA 94305-3035, USA  2: NASA, AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 93 Issue 4, p473; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: FLUX (Metallurgy); Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Half-moment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maximum entropy closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moving directional space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer equation; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.09.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunton, D.E.
AU  - Viggiano, A.A.
AU  - Miller, T.M.
AU  - Ballenthin, J.O.
AU  - Reeves, J.M.
AU  - Wilson, J.C.
AU  - Lee, Shan-Hu
AU  - Anderson, B.E.
AU  - Brune, W.H.
AU  - Harder, H.
AU  - Simpas, J.B.
AU  - Oskarsson, N.
T1  - In-situ aircraft observations of the 2000 Mt. Hekla volcanic cloud: Composition and chemical evolution in the Arctic lower stratosphere
JO  - Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
JF  - Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 145
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
SN  - 03770273
AB  - Abstract: An instrumented NASA aircraft made comprehensive, in-situ measurements of trace gas concentrations and aerosol properties while flying through the eruptive cloud from Mt. Hekla in February and March, 2000. The data reveal novel aspects of the properties and evolution of the volcanic cloud in the lower arctic stratosphere. Thirty-five hours after the initial, sub-Plinian explosion on February 26, 2000, the aircraft intersected the cloud at an altitude of 11.3 km. SO2 concentrations in the cloud exceeded 1 ppmv, but no H2S was observed. Large HF concentrations of ∼50 ppbv were nearly equal to the HCl concentration, the same ratio of halogen species adsorbed on fallen ash. Although reactive nitrogen species are rarely detected in volcanic clouds, significant HNO3 concentrations of 3 ppbv above background were measured. A bimodal aerosol size distribution with total number densities exceeding 8000 particles/cm3 and total aerosol volume of 65 μm3/cm3 was observed. Approximately 1/3 of the fine aerosol particles were non-volatile (volcanic ash) and the remaining 2/3 were volatile (sulfate aerosol and ice). The volcanic cloud was highly structured with clearly delineated boundaries. In the 18-day period following the initial eruption, increases in SO2, sulfate aerosol, HCl, and HF volume mixing ratios were again detected. Analysis of the partitioning of sulfur between the gas and aerosol phases in these later cloud encounters shows that the rate of SO2 oxidation to sulfuric acid was broadly consistent with changing OH concentrations at the time of the vernal equinox. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR evolution
KW  - SULFURIC acid
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - aerosol
KW  - in-situ measurements
KW  - SO2 oxidation kinetics
KW  - trace gas
KW  - volcano cloud composition
N1  - Accession Number: 18135985; Hunton, D.E. 1; Email Address: donald.hunton@hanscom.af.mil Viggiano, A.A. 1 Miller, T.M. 1 Ballenthin, J.O. 1 Reeves, J.M. 2 Wilson, J.C. 2 Lee, Shan-Hu 2 Anderson, B.E. 3 Brune, W.H. 4 Harder, H. 4 Simpas, J.B. 4 Oskarsson, N. 5; Affiliation:  1: Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731, United States  2: Department of Engineering, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  4: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, United States  5: Nordic Volcanological Institute, Reykjavik, Iceland; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 145 Issue 1/2, p23; Subject Term: MOLECULAR evolution; Subject Term: SULFURIC acid; Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: in-situ measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO2 oxidation kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: trace gas; Author-Supplied Keyword: volcano cloud composition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2005.01.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenberg, Jonathan Asher
AU  - Dobrowski, Solomon Z.
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
T1  - Shadow allometry: Estimating tree structural parameters using hyperspatial image analysis
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 97
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 25
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: We present a novel approach to generating regional scale aboveground biomass estimates for tree species of the Lake Tahoe Basin using hyperspatial (&#60;1 m2 ground resolution) remote sensing imagery. Tree crown shadows were identified and delineated as individual polygons. The area of shadowed vegetation for each tree was related to two tree structural parameters, diameter-at-breast height (DBH) and crown area. We found we could detect DBH and crown area with reasonable accuracy (field measured to image derived cross correlation results were 0.67 and 0.77 for DBH and crown area, respectively). Furthermore, the counts of the delineated polygons in a region generated overstory stem densities validated to manually photointerpreted stem densities (photointerpreted vs. image-derived stem densities correlation was 0.87). We demonstrate with accurate classification maps and allometric equations relating DBH or crown area to biomass, that these crown-level parameters can be used to generate regional scale biomass estimates without the signal saturation common to coarse-scale optical and RADAR sensors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOMETRY
KW  - AERIAL photogrammetry
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - TREE growth
KW  - Allometry
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Crown area
KW  - DBH
KW  - Forestry
KW  - Hyperspatial imagery
KW  - IKONOS
KW  - Lake Tahoe Basin
KW  - Shadow
KW  - Stem density
KW  - Trees
KW  - Vectorization
N1  - Accession Number: 18179818; Greenberg, Jonathan Asher 1; Email Address: jgreenberg@arc.nasa.gov Dobrowski, Solomon Z. 2 Ustin, Susan L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States  2: Calspace, University of California, Davis, United States; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 97 Issue 1, p15; Subject Term: ALLOMETRY; Subject Term: AERIAL photogrammetry; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: TREE growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Allometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crown area; Author-Supplied Keyword: DBH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forestry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspatial imagery; Author-Supplied Keyword: IKONOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Tahoe Basin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shadow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stem density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trees; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vectorization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ogbuji, Linus U.
T1  - Oxidation behavior of Cu–Cr environmental barrier coatings on Cu–8Cr–4Nb
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2005/07/15/
VL  - 197
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 335
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: Oxidation behavior of some Cu–Cr alloys (with 8.5–25.6 wt.% Cr, in both stand-alone coupons and spray coatings on Cu–8Cr–4Nb) was studied by TGA and cyclic oxidation. Judging by the more stringent cyclic oxidation results, protection of the substrate Cu–8Cr–4Nb was effective for the whole 10-h duration of testing up to 750 °C only for coatings with 21% or higher Cr. Similar protection was exhibited by Cu–17Cr only up to 650 °C, and only for &#60;3 h at 750 °C. In all cases the Cr2O3 subscale nucleated discretely (and always under a non-adherent scale of Cu oxides), and passive protection did not start until the nuclei joined into a continuous barrier and parabolic oxidation kinetics set in. The only protection achieved before that stage of Cr2O3 coalescence was via sacrificial oxidation of the coating. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - COATINGS industry
KW  - Cr2O3 growth
KW  - Cu–8Cr–4Nb substrate
KW  - Cu–Cr coatings
KW  - Oxidation behavior
N1  - Accession Number: 18512258; Ogbuji, Linus U. 1; Email Address: linus@ogbuji.net; Affiliation:  1: QSS Inc., MS 106-1 NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 197 Issue 2/3, p327; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: COATINGS industry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cr2O3 growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cu–8Cr–4Nb substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cu–Cr coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation behavior; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.01.116
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, G.L.
AU  - Mochena, M.D.
AU  - Bauschlicher, C.W.
T1  - Interaction of water with small Fe n  clusters
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/07/18/
VL  - 314
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 291
EP  - 298
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: The electronic and geometrical structures of clusters formed by a single water molecule and small iron clusters Fe n , , for n =1–4, are studied using density functional theory. We found that FeH2O and Fe2H2O possess a large number of isomers with different geometries, which are close in total energy to the corresponding ground states. In accord with previous computations, the ground state of FeH2O has an inserted HFeOH geometry and water remains intact in the ground state of the FeH2O+ cation. Beginning with Fe2H2O, the lowest energy states correspond to isomers with a fully dissociated water molecule, except for the ground state of the Fe2H2O+ cation that contains an OH group. Except for FeH2O+ and Fe4H2O+, the hydrogen desorption energies (Fe n H2O→Fe n O+H2) are smaller than the water desorption energies (Fe n H2O→Fe n  +H2O) for all neutral and ionic species considered and are relatively low, being about 1.5 eV. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - Density functional theory
KW  - Dissociation
KW  - Iron clusters
KW  - Water
N1  - Accession Number: 17822947; Gutsev, G.L. 1; Email Address: gennady.gutsev@famu.edu Mochena, M.D. 1 Bauschlicher, C.W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, United States  2: Mail Stop 230-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 314 Issue 1-3, p291; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Density functional theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissociation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron clusters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.03.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Das, M.
AU  - Barut, A.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Complete stress field in sandwich panels with a new triangular finite element of single-layer theory
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2005/07/22/
VL  - 194
IS  - 27-29
M3  - Article
SP  - 2969
EP  - 3005
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Abstract: An alternative to conventional three-dimensional solid elements or elements based on the layerwise (zig-zag) theory is an element based on a single-layer plate theory in which the weighted-average field variables capture the panel displacement and stress fields. This study presents a new triangular finite element for modeling thick sandwich panels based on a {3,2}-order single-layer plate theory. It utilizes seven weighted-average field variables arising from the cubic and quadratic representations of the in-plane and transverse displacement fields, respectively. In order to satisfy the C1 interelement continuity requirement, this triangular sandwich element is developed by utilizing the hybrid energy functional. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CONTINUITY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - Finite element
KW  - Hybrid formulation
KW  - Sandwich construction
KW  - Single-layer theory
N1  - Accession Number: 17789552; Das, M. 1; Email Address: mdas@email.arizona.edu Barut, A. 1; Email Address: atila@u.arizona.edu Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@arizona.edu Ambur, D.R. 2; Email Address: d.r.ambur@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States  2: Mechanics and Durability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, United States; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 194 Issue 27-29, p2969; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CONTINUITY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid formulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-layer theory; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cma.2004.07.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobitz, F. G.
AU  - Rogers, M. M.
AU  - Ferziger, J. H.
T1  - Waves in stably stratified turbulent flow.
JO  - Journal of Turbulence
JF  - Journal of Turbulence
Y1  - 2005/07/23/
VL  - 6
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 14685248
AB  - Two approaches for the identification of internal gravity waves in sheared and unsheared homogeneous stably stratified turbulence are investigated. First, the phase angle between the vertical velocity and density fluctuations is considered. It is found, however, that a continuous distribution of the phase angle is present in both weakly and strongly stratified flows. Second, a projection onto the solution of the linearized inviscid equations of motion of unsheared stratified flow is investigated. Solutions of the fully nonlinear viscous Navier–Stokes equations are thus decomposed into vertical wave modes and horizontal vortical modes. However, this decomposition includes some ‘turbulent’ motions in the ‘wave’ field when the Froude number is non-zero. In fact, for Fr > 5 the flow kinetic energy is nearly equally split between the turbulent and wave fields for all wave numbers, as for unstratified flows. This calls into question the adequacy of this decomposition, at least for weak or moderate stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Turbulence is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - STRATIFIED flow
KW  - STOPPING power (Nuclear physics)
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 19328334; Jacobitz, F. G. 1; Email Address: jacobitz@sandiego.edu Rogers, M. M. 2 Ferziger, J. H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering Program, University of San Diego, San Diego, CA 92110, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 6 Issue 32, p1; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: STRATIFIED flow; Subject Term: STOPPING power (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 8 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14685240500462069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dass, Amala
AU  - Leventis, Nicholas
T1  - Non-additive voltammetric currents from multicomponent systems of redox-active substances
JO  - Electrochimica Acta
JF  - Electrochimica Acta
Y1  - 2005/07/25/
VL  - 50
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 4134
EP  - 4139
SN  - 00134686
AB  - Abstract: Mixtures of two redox-active compounds with dissimilar diffusion coefficients produce non-additive mass-transfer limited currents. Similarly, in the potential range where three redox-active species, decamethylferrocene (dMeFc), ferrocene (Fc) and N-methylphenothiazine (MePTZ), are oxidized simultaneously with rates controlled by linear diffusion, electrogenerated radicals diffusing outwards from the electrode react with original species diffusing towards the electrode from the bulk; thus, Fc + reacts with dMeFc producing Fc and dMeFc +, while MePTZ + reacts with both Fc and dMeFc producing MePTZ together with Fc + and dMeFc +. These processes replace the flux of dMeFc with Fc at the second current plateau (referring to normal pulse voltammetry), and the fluxes of both dMeFc and Fc with MePTZ at the third plateau. Analogous results have been obtained and analyzed with two other multicomponent systems undergoing multiple sequential electron transfers, namely dMeFc/Fc/TPTA and dMeFc/TTF (TPTA: tri-N-p-tolylamine; TTF: tetrathiafulvalene). Since the diffusion coefficients of the three species are different, the mass-transfer limited currents of the second and third oxidation waves are not equal to the sum of the currents that each component would have produced if it were in the solution alone. Numerical simulations of the experimental voltammograms using diffusion coefficients measured independently support this mechanism. Multicomponent systems are encountered frequently in practice and our results identify one significant (∼10%) source of error in quantitative voltammetric analysis. Ways around the problem are summarized in the conclusions section. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - OXIDATION-reduction reaction
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Multicomponent
KW  - Non-additive
KW  - Ultramicroelectrodes
KW  - Voltammetric
N1  - Accession Number: 18127395; Dass, Amala 1 Leventis, Nicholas 2; Email Address: nicholas.leventis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65401, USA  2: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 49-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2005, Vol. 50 Issue 20, p4134; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multicomponent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-additive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultramicroelectrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voltammetric; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.electacta.2005.01.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herndon, Scott C.
AU  - Onasch, Timothy B.
AU  - Frank, Brian P.
AU  - Marr, Linsey C.
AU  - Jayne, John T.
AU  - Canagaratna, Manjula R.
AU  - Grygas, Jillian
AU  - Lanni, Thomas
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Worsnop, Doug
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard C.
T1  - Particulate Emissions from in-use Commercial Aircraft.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 39
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 799
EP  - 809
SN  - 02786826
AB  - Particulate emission indices (per kg fuel) have been determined by sampling the advected plumes of in-use commercial aircraft at two different airports using a novel approach. Differences are observed in the number, magnitude, and composition of the particle emissions between idle and take-off. At the first airport, Electrical Low Pressure Impactor (ELPI) data indicate that number based emission indices (EI n ) vary by an order of magnitude for take-off plumes from different aircraft. Additionally, EI n values for idle plumes are greater than take-off. At the second airport, EI n values derived from condensation particle counter (CPC) measurements span &nvsim; an order of magnitude (3–50 × 10 15 particles per kg fuel). The median values of the idle and take-off plumes were 1.8 × 10 16 and 7.6 × 10 15 particles per kg fuel, respectively. For take-off plumes, the magnitude of the particulate emission index is not correlated with NO x at either airport. The surface properties of the particulate emissions in take-off and idle plumes differ significantly as measured by diffusion charging (DC) and photoelectric aerosol sensor (PAS) instruments. Results indicate that take-off plumes are characterized by particles with photoelectric-active surfaces, presumably elemental carbon, whereas idle plumes are composed of non-photoelectric-active constituents and coated soot particles. Measurements of the particulate size distribution (ELPI) show evidence for two modes, one at &nvsim; 90 nm aerodynamic diameter and a second mode at or below the instrument cutoff ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - SMOKE plumes
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - CONDENSATION
N1  - Accession Number: 18021563; Herndon, Scott C. 1; Email Address: herndon@aerodyne.com Onasch, Timothy B. 1 Frank, Brian P. 2 Marr, Linsey C. 3 Jayne, John T. 1 Canagaratna, Manjula R. 1 Grygas, Jillian 2 Lanni, Thomas 2 Anderson, Bruce E. 4 Worsnop, Doug 1 Miake-Lye, Richard C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA  2: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York, USA  3: Virginia Tech, 411 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA  4: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 39 Issue 8, p799; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: SMOKE plumes; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: CONDENSATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820500247363
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arbocz, Johann
AU  - Hilburger, Mark W.
T1  - Toward a Probabilistic Preliminary Design Criterion for Buckling Critical Composite Shells.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 43
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1823
EP  - 1827
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A probability-based analysis method for predicting buckling loads of compression-loaded laminated composite shells is presented, and its potential as a basis for a new shell-stability design criterion is demonstrated and discussed. In particular, a database containing information about specimen geometry, material properties, and measured initial geometric imperfections for a selected group of laminated-composite cylindrical shells is used to calculate new buckling-load "knockdown factors." These knockdown factors are shown to be substantially improved and hence much less conservative than the corresponding deterministic knockdown factors that are presently used by industry. The probability integral associated with the analysis is evaluated by using two methods; that is, by using the exact Monte Carlo method and by using an approximate first-order second-moment method. A comparison of the results from these two methods indicates that the first-order second-moment method yields results that are conservative for the shells considered. Furthermore, the results show that the improved, reliability-based knockdown factor presented always yields a safe estimate of the buckling load for the shells examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL shells
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - CYLINDERS (Engines) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 17840894; Arbocz, Johann 1 Hilburger, Mark W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 43 Issue 8, p1823; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL shells; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: CYLINDERS (Engines) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Odegard, G. M.
AU  - Frankland, S. J. V.
AU  - Gates, T. S.
T1  - Effect of Nanotube Functionalization on the Elastic Properties of Polyethylene Nanotube Composites.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 43
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1828
EP  - 1835
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The effects of the chemical functionalization of a single-wall carbon nanotube in nanotube/polyethylene composites on the bulk elastic properties are presented. Constitutive equations are established for composites containing both functionalized and nonfunctionalized nanotubes using an equivalent-continuum modeling technique. The elastic properties of both composite systems are predicted for amorphous and crystalline polyethylene matrices with various nanotube lengths, volume fractions, and orientations. The results indicate that for the specific composite materials considered in this study most of the elastic stiffness constants of the composite with functionalized nanotubes are either less than or equal to those of the composite without functionalized nanotubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - POLYETHYLENE
KW  - CARBON
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 17840895; Odegard, G. M. 1 Frankland, S. J. V. 2 Gates, T. S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 43 Issue 8, p1828; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Stefan J.
AU  - Minz, Dror
T1  - Suicide Polymerase Endonuclease Restriction, a Novel Technique for Enhancing PCR Amplification of Minor DNA Templates.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 71
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 4721
EP  - 4727
SN  - 00992240
AB  - PCR-based molecular analyses can be hindered by the presence of unwanted or dominant DNA templates that reduce or eliminate detection of alternate templates. We describe here a reaction in which such templates can be exclusively digested by endonuclease restriction, leaving all other DNAs unmodified. After such a modification, the digested template is no longer available for PCR amplification, while nontarget DNAS remain intact and can be amplified. We demonstrate the application of this method and use denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to ascertain the removal of target DNA templates and the subsequent enhanced amplification of nondigested DNAs. Specifically, plastid 16S rRNA genes were exclusively digested from environmental DNA extracted from plant roots. In addition, pure culture and environmental DNA extracts were spiked with various amounts of genomic DNA extracted from Streptomyces spp., and selective restriction of the Streptomyces 16S rRNA genes via the suicide polymerase endonuclease restriction PCR method was employed to remove the amended DNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DNA
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - GENES
KW  - DEATH -- Causes
KW  - VIOLENT deaths
KW  - HEREDITY
N1  - Accession Number: 17968900; Green, Stefan J. 1 Minz, Dror 2; Email Address: minz@volcani.agri.gov.il; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.  2: Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Research Organization, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel.; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 71 Issue 8, p4721; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: DEATH -- Causes; Subject Term: VIOLENT deaths; Subject Term: HEREDITY; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.71.8.4721-4727.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Rivers, S. Melissa
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
T1  - Study of CFD variation on transport configurations from the second drag-prediction workshop
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 34
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 785
EP  - 816
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes and analyzes a series of nearly 90 CFD test cases performed as a contribution to the second Drag Prediction Workshop, held in Orlando, Florida in June 2003. Two configurations are included: DLR-F6 wing-body and wing-body-nacelle-pylon. The ability of CFD to predict the drag, lift, and pitching moment from experiment––including the “delta” arising from the addition of the nacelle and pylon––is assessed. In general, at a fixed angle of attack CFD overpredicts lift, but predicts the ΔCL reasonably well. At low lift levels (CL<0.3), ΔCD is 20–30 drag counts (30–45%) high. At the target lift coefficient of CL=0.5, ΔCD is overpredicted by between 11 and 16 counts. However, the primary contribution of this paper is not so much the assessment of CFD against experiment, but rather a detailed assessment and analysis of CFD variation. The series of test cases are designed to determine the sensitivity/variability of CFD to a variety of factors, including grid, turbulence model, transition, code, and viscous model. Using medium-level grids (6–11 million points) at the target lift coefficient, the maximum variation in drag due to different grids is 5–11 drag counts, due to code is 5–10 counts, due to turbulence model is 7–15 counts, due to transition is 10–11 counts, and due to viscous model is 4–5 counts. Other specific variations are described in the paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ORLANDO (Fla.)
KW  - FLORIDA
N1  - Accession Number: 16596518; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@larc.nasa.gov Rivers, S. Melissa 2 Morrison, Joseph H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, Mail Stop 499, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 34 Issue 7, p785; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ORLANDO (Fla.); Subject Term: FLORIDA; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2004.07.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - NEWS
AU  - Sobczak, Natalia
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay (Jay)
AU  - Asthana, Rajiv
T1  - High-temperature capillarity and interfacial phenomena
JO  - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science
JF  - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 149
EP  - 151
SN  - 13590286
N1  - Accession Number: 22938599; Sobczak, Natalia 1; Email Address: natalie@iod.krakow.pl Singh, Mrityunjay (Jay) 2 Asthana, Rajiv 3; Affiliation:  1: Foundry Research Institute, Krakow, Poland  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA  3: University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 9 Issue 4/5, p149; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.cossms.2006.07.006
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sobczak, Natalia
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Asthana, Rajiv
T1  - High-temperature wettability measurements in metal/ceramic systems – Some methodological issues
JO  - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science
JF  - Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 253
SN  - 13590286
AB  - Abstract: Methodological differences and inconsistencies in characterizing the wettability in molten metal/solid ceramic systems between different laboratories and research groups are a major source of discrepancy in the measurements of contact angle, θ, surface tension, σ lv, and work of adhesion, W ad, reported in the literature. The extreme sensitivity of these parameters to test conditions leads to considerable disagreement between test outcomes for a particular system from different investigators. In this paper, we focus on some methodological considerations that influence the wettability test outcomes in high-temperature systems. In particular, we highlight the role of substrate surface and atmosphere on the contact angle values in ceramic/metal systems. We also identify practical problems in executing the sessile drop wettability test that influence the test outcomes, and argue in favor of increased uniformity and consistency in conducting the tests and greater transparency in reporting the test conditions and test outcomes in order to minimize the current discrepancies in measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - WETTING
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - Contact angle
KW  - High-temperature wettability
KW  - Metal/ceramic systems
KW  - Sessile drop test
N1  - Accession Number: 22938612; Sobczak, Natalia 1; Email Address: natalie@iod.krakow.pl Singh, Mrityunjay 2; Email Address: Mrityunjay.Singh@grc.nasa.gov Asthana, Rajiv 3; Email Address: asthanar@uwstout.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for High Temperature Studies of Metals and Alloys, Foundry Research Institute, 73 Zakopianska St., Cracow, Poland  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: University of Wisconsin-Stout, 326 Fryklund Hall, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 9 Issue 4/5, p241; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: WETTING; Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Subject Term: ADHESION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature wettability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal/ceramic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sessile drop test; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cossms.2006.07.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bratkovsky, A. M.
AU  - Osipov, V. V.
T1  - Ultrafast low-power spin-injection devices based on modified ferromagnetic-semiconductor junctions.
JO  - IEE Proceedings -- Circuits, Devices & Systems
JF  - IEE Proceedings -- Circuits, Devices & Systems
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 152
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 333
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 13502409
AB  - The article focuses on ultra-fast low-power spin-injection devices based on spin electronics. Spin injection and manipulation in semiconductors holds promise for the next generation of high-speed low-power electronic devices. Relatively high spin injection from ferromagnets into nonmagnetic semiconductors has been recently demonstrated at low temperatures, and attempts to achieve an efficient room-temperature spin injection have faced substantial difficulties. Theoretical studies of the spin injection from ferromagnetic metals have been the subject of extensive research.
KW  - SPINTRONICS
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - MAGNETIC semiconductors
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - FERROMAGNETISM
N1  - Accession Number: 18587507; Bratkovsky, A. M. 1; Email Address: alex.bratkovski@hp.com Osipov, V. V. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, IL. Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.  2: New Physics Devices, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94305, USA.; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 152 Issue 4, p323; Subject Term: SPINTRONICS; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: MAGNETIC semiconductors; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETISM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/ip-cds:20050017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakunov, M. I.
AU  - Maslov, A. V.
AU  - Bodrov, S. B.
T1  - Phase-matched generation of a terahertz surface wave by a subluminous optical strip.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2005/08//8/1/2005
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 033101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We show that a weakly focused ultrashort laser pulse with tilted intensity front can efficiently excite a terahertz surface wave via phase-matched optical rectification at the surface of a semiconductor. The surface wave is excited by a strip of nonlinear polarization moving along the semiconductor surface with subluminous velocity. The amplitude and power of the radiated surface wave are calculated. For a 90-fs optical pulse with a peak intensity of 2 GW/cm2, we estimate the energy conversion coefficient to be 10-7 at the surface of GaAs. The direct excitation of surface waves at terahertz frequencies can be particularly attractive for terahertz spectroscopy of semiconductor surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASHORT laser pulses
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - SURFACE waves (Fluids)
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
N1  - Accession Number: 17961224; Bakunov, M. I. 1,2; Email Address: bakunov@rf.unn.ru Maslov, A. V. 3 Bodrov, S. B. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia  2: Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia  3: Center for Nanotechnology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 8/1/2005, Vol. 98 Issue 3, p033101; Subject Term: ULTRASHORT laser pulses; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: SURFACE waves (Fluids); Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1999828
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freed, Alan D.
AU  - Doehring, Todd C.
T1  - Elastic Model for Crimped Collagen Fibrils.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 127
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 593
SN  - 01480731
AB  - A physiologic constitutive expression is presented in algorithmic format for the nonlinear elastic response of wavy collagen fibrils found in soft connective tissues. The model is based on the observation that crimped fibrils in a fascicle have a three-dimensional structure at the micron scale that we approximate as a helical spring. The symmetry of this wave form allows the force/displacement relationship derived from Castigliano's theorem to be solved in closed form: all integrals become analytic. Model predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations for mitral-valve chordæ tendineæ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanical Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLAGEN
KW  - TISSUES
KW  - CONNECTIVE tissues
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system
KW  - EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins
KW  - HELICAL springs
N1  - Accession Number: 17910541; Freed, Alan D. 1,2; Email Address: alan.d.freed@nasa.gov Doehring, Todd C. 3; Email Address: doehrint@ccf.org; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, ASME Fellow, Bio Sciences and Technology Branch, NASA's John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Adjunct Staff, Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid, Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195  3: Research Associate, Department of Biomedical Engineering, ND-20, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic, Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 127 Issue 4, p587; Subject Term: COLLAGEN; Subject Term: TISSUES; Subject Term: CONNECTIVE tissues; Subject Term: MUSCULOSKELETAL system; Subject Term: EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins; Subject Term: HELICAL springs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332613 Spring Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1934145
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doehring, Todd C.
AU  - Freed, Alan D.
AU  - Carew, Evelyn O.
AU  - Vesely, Ivan
T1  - Fractional Order Viscoelasticity of the Aortic Valve Cusp: An Alternative to Quasilinear Viscoelasticity.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 127
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 700
EP  - 708
SN  - 01480731
AB  - Background. Quasilinear viscoelasticity (QLV) theory has been widely and successfully used to describe the time-dependent response of connective tissues. Difficulties remain, however, particularly in material parameter estimation and sensitivities. In this study, we introduce a new alternative: the fractional order viscoelasticity (FOV) theory, which uses a fractional order integral to describe the relaxation response. FO V implies a fractal-like tissue structure, reflecting the hierarchical arrangement of collagenous tissues. Method of Approach: A one-dimensional (1-D) FOV reduced relaxation function was developed, replacing the QLV ‘box-spectrum’ function with a fractional relaxation function. A direct-fit, global optimization method was used to estimate material parameters from stress relaxation tests on aortic valve tissue. Results: We found that for the aortic heart valve, FOV had similar accuracy and better parameter sensitivity than QLV, particularly for the long time constant (τ2). The mean (n=5) fractional order was 0.29, indicating that the viscoelastic response of the tissue was strongly fractal-like. Results summary: mean QLV parameters were C=0.079, τ1=0.004, τ2=76, and mean FOV parameters were β=0.29, τ=0.076, and ρ= 1.84. Conclusions: FOV can provide valuable new insights into tissue viscoelastic behavior. Determining the fractional order can provide a new and sensitive quantitative measure for tissue comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanical Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
KW  - HEART valves
KW  - CONNECTIVE tissues
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system
KW  - CONNECTIVE tissues -- Development
KW  - Aortic Valve
KW  - Fractals
KW  - Fractional Calculus
KW  - Nonlinear Elasticity
KW  - Soft Tissue
KW  - Viscoelasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 17910554; Doehring, Todd C. 1; Email Address: tcdoe@bme.ri.ccf.org Freed, Alan D. 1,2 Carew, Evelyn O. 1 Vesely, Ivan 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 90027  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44195  3: Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 127 Issue 4, p700; Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; Subject Term: HEART valves; Subject Term: CONNECTIVE tissues; Subject Term: MUSCULOSKELETAL system; Subject Term: CONNECTIVE tissues -- Development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aortic Valve; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional Calculus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear Elasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soft Tissue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoelasticity; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1933900
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rivera, Gabriel
AU  - Savitzky, Alan H.
AU  - Hinkley, Jeffrey A.
T1  - Mechanical properties of the integument of the common gartersnake, Thamnophis sirtalis (Serpentes: Colubridae).
JO  - Journal of Experimental Biology
JF  - Journal of Experimental Biology
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 208
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2913
EP  - 2922
SN  - 00220949
AB  - The evolution of the ophidian feeding mechanism has involved substantial morphological restructuring associated with the ability to ingest relatively large prey. Previous studies examining the morphological consequences of macrophagy have concentrated on modifications of the skull and cephalic musculature. Although it is evident that macrophagy requires highly compliant skin, the mechanical properties of the ophidian integument have received limited attention, particularly in the context of feeding. We examined mechanical properties of skin along the body axis in Thamnophis sirtalis (Colubridae). Data were collected from tensile tests and were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and post-hoc multiple comparison tests. Significant differences in mechanical properties were detected among regions of the body. In general, prepyloric skin is more compliant than postpyloric skin, consistent with the demands of macrophagy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Biology is the property of Company of Biologists Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMMON garter snake
KW  - GARTER snakes
KW  - ANIMAL morphology
KW  - FEEDING behavior in animals
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL biology
KW  - biomechanics
KW  - feeding
KW  - integument
KW  - skin
KW  - snake
KW  - Thamnophis sirtalis
N1  - Accession Number: 18187247; Rivera, Gabriel 1,2; Email Address: grivera@clemson.edu Savitzky, Alan H. 1 Hinkley, Jeffrey A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: Author for correspondence at present address: Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University. Clemson, SC 29634, USA  3: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 208 Issue 15, p2913; Subject Term: COMMON garter snake; Subject Term: GARTER snakes; Subject Term: ANIMAL morphology; Subject Term: FEEDING behavior in animals; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: feeding; Author-Supplied Keyword: integument; Author-Supplied Keyword: skin; Author-Supplied Keyword: snake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thamnophis sirtalis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311119 Other Animal Food Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1242/jeb.01715
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, Don J.
AU  - Verrilli, Michael J.
AU  - Martin, Richard E.
AU  - Cosgriff, Laura M.
T1  - Initial Attempt to Characterize Oxidation Damage in C/Sic Composite Using an Ultrasonic Guided Wave Method.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 88
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2164
EP  - 2168
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - An ultrasonic guided wave scan system was used to non-destructively monitor damage over time and position in a C/enhanced SiC sample that was creep tested to failure at 1200°C in air at a stress of 69 MPa (10 ksi). The use of the guided wave scan system for mapping evolving oxidation profiles (via porosity gradients resulting from oxidation) along the sample length and predicting failure location was explored. The creep-rupture tests were interrupted for ultrasonic evaluation every two hours until failure at ∼17.5 cumulative hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SILICON compounds
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - ULTRASONIC testing
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
N1  - Accession Number: 17597958; Roth, Don J. 1; Email Address: donald.j.roth@nasa.gov Verrilli, Michael J. 1 Martin, Richard E. 2 Cosgriff, Laura M. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 88 Issue 8, p2164; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC testing; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00395.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klippel, Alexander
AU  - Tappe, Heike
AU  - Kulik, Lars
AU  - Lee, Paul U.
T1  - Wayfinding choremes—a language for modeling conceptual route knowledge
JO  - Journal of Visual Languages & Computing
JF  - Journal of Visual Languages & Computing
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 329
SN  - 1045926X
AB  - Abstract: The emergent interest in ontological and conceptual approaches to modeling route information results from new information technologies as well as from a multidisciplinary interest in spatial cognition. Linguistics investigates verbal route directions; cartography carries out research on route maps and on the information needs of map users; and computer science develops formal representations of routes with the aim to build new wayfinding applications. In concert with geomatics, ontologies of spatial domain knowledge are assembled while sensing technologies for location-aware wayfinding aids are developed simultaneously (e.g. cell phones, GPS-enabled devices or PDAs). These joint multidisciplinary efforts have enhanced cognitive approaches for route directions. In this article, we propose an interdisciplinary approach to modeling route information, the wayfinding choreme theory. Wayfinding choremes are mental conceptualizations of functional wayfinding and route direction elements. With the wayfinding choreme theory, we propose a formal treatment of (mental) conceptual route knowledge that is based on qualitative calculi and refined by behavioral experimental research. This contribution has three parts: First, we introduce the theory of wayfinding choremes. Second, we present term rewriting rules that are grounded in cognitive principles and can tailor route directions to different user requirements. Third, we exemplify various application scenarios for our approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Visual Languages & Computing is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELL phone systems
KW  - CARTOGRAPHY
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - GEOMATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18662847; Klippel, Alexander 1; Email Address: aklippel@unimelb.edu.au Tappe, Heike 2 Kulik, Lars 3 Lee, Paul U. 4; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial Information, Department of Geomatics, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia  2: Linguistics Programme, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa  3: Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Melbourne,Vic. 3010, Australia  4: San Jose State University/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p311; Subject Term: CELL phone systems; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: GEOMATICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvlc.2004.11.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nowinski, Jessica Lang
AU  - Dismukes, R. Key
T1  - Effects of ongoing task context and target typicality on prospective memory performance: The importance of associative cueing.
JO  - Memory
JF  - Memory
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 657
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 09658211
AB  - Two experiments examined whether prospective memory performance is influenced by contextual cues. In our automatic activation model, any information available at encoding and retrieval should aid recall of the prospective task. The first experiment demonstrated an effect of the ongoing task context; performance was better when information about the ongoing task present at retrieval was available at encoding. Performance was also improved by a strong association between the prospective memory target as it was presented at retrieval and the intention as it was encoded. Experiment 2 demonstrated boundary conditions of the ongoing task context effect, which implicate the association between the ongoing and prospective tasks formed at encoding as the source of the context effect. The results of this study are consistent with predictions based on automatic activation of intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Memory is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - RECOGNITION (Psychology)
KW  - IDENTIFICATION (Psychology)
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 17835478; Nowinski, Jessica Lang 1; Email Address: JessicaL.Nowinski@nasa.gov Dismukes, R. Key 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 13 Issue 6, p649; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: RECOGNITION (Psychology); Subject Term: IDENTIFICATION (Psychology); Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09658210444000313
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vaddiraju
AU  - S.
AU  - Mohite
AU  - A.
AU  - Chin
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
AU  - Sumanasekera
AU  - G.
AU  - Alphenaar
AU  - B. W.
AU  - Sunkara
AU  - M. K.
T1  - Mechanisms of 1D Crystal Growth in Reactive Vapor Transport:  Indium Nitride Nanowires.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 5
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1625
EP  - 1631
SN  - 15306984
AB  - Indium nitride (InN) nanowire synthesis using indium (In) vapor transport in a dissociated ammonia environment (reactive vapor transport) is studied in detail to understand the nucleation and growth mechanisms involved with the so-called self-catalysis schemes. The results show that the nucleation of InN crystal occurs first on the substrate. Later, In droplets are formed on top of the InN crystals because of selective wetting of In onto InN crystals. Further growth via liquid-phase epitaxy through In droplets leads the growth in one dimension (1D), resulting in the formation of InN nanowires. The details about the nucleation and growth aspects within these self-catalysis schemes are rationalized further by demonstrating the growth of heteroepitaxially oriented nanowire arrays on single-crystal substrates and tree-like morphologies on a variety of substrates. However, the direct nitridation of In droplets using dissociated ammonia results in the spontaneous nucleation and basal growth of nanowires directly from the In melt surface, which is quite different from the above-mentioned nucleation mechanism with the reactive vapor transport case. The InN nanowires exhibit a band gap of 0.8 eV, whereas the mixed phase of InN and In2O3 nanowires exhibit a peak at ~1.9 eV in addition to that at 0.8 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 20141972; Vaddiraju S. 1 Mohite A. 1 Chin Meyyappan M. 1 Sumanasekera G. 1 Alphenaar B. W. 1 Sunkara M. K. 1; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Chemical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Physics, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, and Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Filed, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 5 Issue 8, p1625; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knuth, Kevin H.
T1  - Lattice duality: The origin of probability and entropy
JO  - Neurocomputing
JF  - Neurocomputing
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 67
M3  - Article
SP  - 245
EP  - 274
SN  - 09252312
AB  - Abstract: Bayesian probability theory is an inference calculus, which originates from a generalization of inclusion on the Boolean lattice of logical assertions to a degree of inclusion represented by a real number. Dual to this lattice is the distributive lattice of questions constructed from the ordered set of down-sets of assertions, which forms the foundation of the calculus of inquiry—a generalization of information theory. In this paper we introduce this novel perspective on these spaces in which machine learning is performed and discuss the relationship between these results and several proposed generalizations of information theory in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Neurocomputing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROBABILITY measures
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - CALCULUS
KW  - LATTICE theory
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - Entropy
KW  - Information theory
KW  - Inquiry
KW  - Lattice
KW  - Probability
N1  - Accession Number: 18133137; Knuth, Kevin H. 1; Email Address: kevin.h.knuth@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 67, p245; Subject Term: PROBABILITY measures; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: CALCULUS; Subject Term: LATTICE theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inquiry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lattice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.neucom.2004.11.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - Chaos and Time-Series Analysis.
JO  - Technometrics
JF  - Technometrics
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 373
EP  - 373
SN  - 00401706
AB  - Reviews the book "Chaos and Time-Series Analysis," by Julien Clinton Sprott.
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - SPROTT, Julien Clinton
KW  - CHAOS & Time-Series Analysis (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 17797956; Scargle, Jeffrey D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center.; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p373; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: CHAOS & Time-Series Analysis (Book); People: SPROTT, Julien Clinton; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Tuncer Cebeci: Analysis of Turbulent Flows.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 301
EP  - 302
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - Reviews the book "Tuncer Cebeci: Analysis of Turbulent Flows," by Robert Rubinstein.
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - RUBINSTEIN, Robert
KW  - TUNCER Cebeci: Analysis of Turbulent Flows (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 17798385; Rubinstein, Robert 1; Email Address: bobr@cfdlab.larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p301; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: TUNCER Cebeci: Analysis of Turbulent Flows (Book); People: RUBINSTEIN, Robert; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-005-0168-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Royce, Thomas E.
AU  - Rozowsky, Joel S.
AU  - Bertone, Paul
AU  - Samanta, Manoj
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Weissman, Sherman
AU  - Snyder, Michael
AU  - Gerstein, Mark
T1  - Issues in the analysis of oligonucleotide tiling microarrays for transcript mapping
JO  - Trends in Genetics
JF  - Trends in Genetics
Y1  - 2005/08//
VL  - 21
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 466
EP  - 475
SN  - 01689525
AB  - Traditional microarrays use probes complementary to known genes to quantitate the differential gene expression between two or more conditions. Genomic tiling microarray experiments differ in that probes that span a genomic region at regular intervals are used to detect the presence or absence of transcription. This difference means the same sets of biases and the methods for addressing them are unlikely to be relevant to both types of experiment. We introduce the informatics challenges arising in the analysis of tiling microarray experiments as open problems to the scientific community and present initial approaches for the analysis of this nascent technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Trends in Genetics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - GENETIC transcription
KW  - GENOMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18150595; Royce, Thomas E. 1,2 Rozowsky, Joel S. 1 Bertone, Paul 3 Samanta, Manoj 4 Stolc, Viktor 3,5 Weissman, Sherman 6 Snyder, Michael 1,3 Gerstein, Mark 1,2,7; Email Address: mark.gerstein@yale.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  2: Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  3: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  4: Systemix Institute, Cupertino, CA 95014, USA  5: Genome Research Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  7: Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 21 Issue 8, p466; Subject Term: OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: GENETIC transcription; Subject Term: GENOMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tig.2005.06.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Angertz, A.
AU  - Biraud, S.
AU  - Bonfils, C.
AU  - Henning, C. C.
AU  - Buermann, W.
AU  - Pinzon, J.
AU  - Tucker, C. J.
AU  - Fung, I.
T1  - Drier summers cancel out the CO2 uptake enhancement induced by warmer springs.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2005/08/02/
VL  - 102
IS  - 31
M3  - Article
SP  - 10823
EP  - 10827
SN  - 00278424
AB  - An increase in photosynthetic activity of the northern hemisphere terrestrial vegetation, as derived from satellite observations, has been reported in previous studies. The amplitude of the seasonal cycle of the annually detrended atmospheric CO2 in the northern hemisphere (an indicator of biospheric activity) also increased during that period. We found, by analyzing the annually detrended CO2 record by season, that early summer (June) CO2 concentrations indeed decreased from 1985 to 1991, and they have continued to decrease from 1994 up to 2002. This decrease indicates accelerating springtime net CO2 uptake. However, the CO2 minimum concentration in late summer (an indicator of net growing-season uptake) showed no positive trend since 1994, indicating that lower net CO2 uptake during summer cancelled out the enhanced uptake during spring. Using a recent satellite normalized difference vegetation index data set and climate data, we show that this lower summer uptake is probably the result of hotter and drier summers in both mid and high latitudes, demonstrating that a warming climate does not necessarily lead to higher CO2 growing-season uptake, even in high-latitude ecosystems that are considered to be temperature limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - CROPS & climate
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - BIOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - PLANT-atmosphere relationships
KW  - atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle
KW  - global climate change
KW  - net primary production
KW  - summer drought
KW  - water stress
N1  - Accession Number: 17969421; Angertz, A. 1; Email Address: angert@gmail.com Biraud, S. 1 Bonfils, C. 1 Henning, C. C. 1 Buermann, W. 1 Pinzon, J. 2 Tucker, C. J. 2 Fung, I. 1; Affiliation:  1: Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771; Source Info: 8/2/2005, Vol. 102 Issue 31, p10823; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: CROPS & climate; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: BIOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: PLANT-atmosphere relationships; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: global climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: net primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: summer drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: water stress; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0501647102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popović, S.
AU  - Exton, R. J.
AU  - Herring, G. C.
T1  - Transition from diffuse to filamentary domain in a 9.5 GHz microwave-induced surface discharge.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/08/08/
VL  - 87
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 061502
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The transition from the low-pressure diffuse to the high-pressure filamentary domain of a 9.5 GHz microwave-induced surface discharge in air is recorded. The discharge employs several half-wavelength initiators that locally enhance the electric field to achieve breakdown in the higher-pressure subcritical region. Visible light imaging illustrates the qualitative changes in discharge morphology over the pressure range 4.5 to 760 Torr (0.6 to 100 kPa). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - CRYSTAL whiskers
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - FIELD theory (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 17936448; Popović, S. 1 Exton, R. J. 2; Email Address: r.j.exton@larc.nasa.gov Herring, G. C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: 8/8/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 6, p061502; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: CRYSTAL whiskers; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2009068
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Galletto, Paolo
AU  - Lin, Wei
AU  - Mishchenko, Michael I.
AU  - Borkovec, Michal
T1  - Light-scattering form factors of asymmetric particle dimers from heteroaggregation experiments.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/08/08/
VL  - 123
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 064709
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Measurements of form factors of asymmetric particle dimers composed of oppositely charged polystyrene latex particles are presented. These measurements are based on time-resolved static and dynamic light scattering on dilute aggregating aqueous suspensions. The experimental form factors are compared with independent calculations based on the superposition T-matrix method and Rayleigh-Debye-Gans (RDG) approximation. While the RDG approximation is found to be reliable only up to particle diameters of about 250 nm, the superposition T-matrix method is very accurate for all types of dimers investigated. The present results show clearly the appropriateness of the superposition T-matrix method to estimate the optical properties of colloidal particles in the micrometer range reliably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - DIMERS
KW  - POLYSTYRENE
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - SUSPENSIONS (Chemistry)
KW  - DISPERSION
N1  - Accession Number: 18024032; Galletto, Paolo 1,2 Lin, Wei 1,2 Mishchenko, Michael I. 2,3 Borkovec, Michal 1,2; Email Address: michal.borkovee@unige.ch; Affiliation:  1: Department of Inorganic, Analytical, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.  2: Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, New York 10025.; Source Info: 8/8/2005, Vol. 123 Issue 6, p064709; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: DIMERS; Subject Term: POLYSTYRENE; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: SUSPENSIONS (Chemistry); Subject Term: DISPERSION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326140 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.1996570
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaufman, Yoram J.
AU  - Koren, IIan
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Rosenfeid, Daniel
AU  - Rudich, Yinon
T1  - The effect of smoke, dust, and pollution aerosol on shallow cloud development over the Atlantic Ocean.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2005/08/09/
VL  - 102
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 11207
EP  - 11212
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Clouds developing in a polluted environment tend to have more numerous but smaller droplets. This property may lead to suppression of precipitation and longer cloud lifetime. Absorption of incoming solar radiation by aerosols, however, can reduce the cloud cover. The net aerosol effect on clouds is currently the largest uncertainty in evaluating climate forcing. Using large statistics of 1-km resolution MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrora-diometer) satellite data, we study the aerosol effect on shallow water clouds, separately in four regions of the Atlantic Ocean, for June through August 2002: marine aerosol (30°S-20°S), smoke (20°S-5°N), mineral dust (5°N-25°N), and pollution aerosols (30°N- 60°N). All four aerosol types affect the cloud droplet size. We also find that the coverage of shallow clouds increases in all of the cases by 0.2-0.4 from clean to polluted, smoky, or dusty conditions. Covariability analysis with meteorological parameters associates most of this change to aerosol, for each of the four regions and 3 months studied. In our opinion, there is low probability that the net aerosol effect can be explained by coincidental, unresolved, changes in meteorological conditions that also accumulate aerosol, or errors in the data, although further in situ measurements and model developments are needed to fully understand the processes. The radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere incurred by the aerosol effect on the shallow clouds and solar radiation is -11 ± 3 W/m² for the 3 months studied; 2/3 of it is due to the aerosol- induced cloud changes, and 1/3 is due to aerosol direct radiative effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - DUST
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - ATLANTIC Ocean
KW  - air quality
KW  - cloud cover
KW  - cloud height
KW  - indirect effect
KW  - radiative forcing
N1  - Accession Number: 18052163; Kaufman, Yoram J. 1; Email Address: kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov Koren, IIan 2 Remer, Lorraine A. 1 Rosenfeid, Daniel 3 Rudich, Yinon 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.  2: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228-4664.  3: Institute of Earth Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.  4: Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.; Source Info: 8/9/2005, Vol. 102 Issue 32, p11207; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Subject Term: ATLANTIC Ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud height; Author-Supplied Keyword: indirect effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative forcing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0505191102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patnaik, Surya N.
AU  - Guptill, James D.
AU  - Hopkins, Dale A.
T1  - Subproblem optimization with regression and neural network approximators
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2005/08/12/
VL  - 194
IS  - 30-33
M3  - Article
SP  - 3359
EP  - 3373
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Abstract: Design optimization of large systems can be attempted through a subproblem strategy. In this strategy the original problem is divided into a number of smaller problems that are clustered together to obtain a sequence of subproblems. Solution to the large problem is attempted iteratively through repeated solutions to the modest subproblems. This strategy is applicable to structures and to multidisciplinary systems. For structures, clustering the substructures generates the sequence of subproblems. For a multidisciplinary system, individual disciplines, accounting for coupling, can be considered as subproblems. A subproblem, if required, can be further broken down to accommodate subdisciplines. The subproblem strategy is being implemented into the NASA design optimization test bed, referred to as “CometBoards”. Neural network and regression approximators are employed for reanalysis and sensitivity analysis calculations at the subproblem level. The strategy has been implemented in sequential as well as parallel computational environments. This strategy, which attempts to alleviate algorithmic and reanalysis deficiencies, has the potential to become a powerful design tool. However, several issues have to be addressed before its full potential can be harnessed. This paper illustrates the strategy and addresses some issues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
N1  - Accession Number: 17950646; Patnaik, Surya N. 1 Guptill, James D. 2 Hopkins, Dale A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, OH 44142, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 194 Issue 30-33, p3359; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cma.2004.12.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Canzián, Adrian
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Modeling of Fe growth on Mo(110)
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2005/08/15/
VL  - 249
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 109
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Atomistic modeling of Fe deposition of Mo growth using the BFS method for alloys describes the early stages of the formation of ultrathin Fe films on refractory metal substrates (Mo). Atom-by-atom analysis and Monte Carlo simulations are used to examine the composition of the islands with increasing Fe coverage. Experimentally known features for submonolayer coverage are successfully reproduced and explained. Beyond 1ML, simulation results suggest that the stability of the Fe interlayer might be compromised, leading to the formation of islands with mixed composition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - THIN films
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Iron
KW  - Molybdenum
KW  - Semi-empirical methods and model calculations
KW  - Thin film growth
N1  - Accession Number: 18134375; Canzián, Adrian 1 Mosca, Hugo O. 2 Bozzolo, Guillermo 3,4; Email Address: guillermo.h.bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Facultad Regional Gral. Pacheco, H. Irigoyen 288, (B1617FRP) Gral. Pacheco, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina  2: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, UAM, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martín, Pcia. de Bs. As. Argentina  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, M.S. 23-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 249 Issue 1-4, p97; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: THIN films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molybdenum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin film growth; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morring, Jr., Frank
T1  - Dance of the Testbeds.
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
Y1  - 2005/08/15/
VL  - 163
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 33
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - The article reports that the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration is preparing a February 2006 launch for a set of three hatbox-size satellites designed to help prove swarms of scientific micro-sats can be built and controlled practically, allowing researchers to take in situ data simultaneously over vast distances for better understanding of large-scale phenomena. Part of the New Millennium technology-tested program, the Space Technology 5 project is spending $130 million to build, launch and fly the three-spacecraft constellation in the Earth's magnetosphere.
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 18039381; Morring, Jr., Frank 1; Affiliation:  1: GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER; Source Info: 8/15/2005, Vol. 163 Issue 7, p28; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1237
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Xue, Yongqiang
T1  - Current–voltage curves for molecular junctions: Metal basis set vs. cluster size
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/08/29/
VL  - 315
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 296
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: A 21 Au atom description of the contacts supports previous work that used only six Au atoms. Using the LANL1 (3s3p3d)/[1s1p1d] Au basis set in conjunction with the six atom cluster leads to solutions with excess charge on the Au atoms. While using the (3s3p3d)/[1s1p1d] Au basis set for all atoms in a larger 21 Au atom cluster also yields a non-physical solution, it is possible to use the full minimal basis set on the Au atoms that are not at the edge of the cluster. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - ABSORPTION
N1  - Accession Number: 18235321; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Xue, Yongqiang 2; Email Address: http://www.albany.edu/~yx152122; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, University at Albany-SUNY, Albany, NY 12203, United States; Source Info: Aug2005, Vol. 315 Issue 3, p293; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.04.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chacón Rebollo, T.
AU  - Rodríguez Gómez, D.
T1  - A numerical solver for the primitive equations of the ocean using term-by-term stabilization
JO  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
JF  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 31
SN  - 01689274
AB  - Abstract: In this work we introduce and analyze a numerical approximation of the primitive equations of the ocean by means of stabilized finite elements. We use a reduced formulation of these equations which only includes the (3D) horizontal velocity and the (2D) surface pressure. This, combined with the use of stabilized finite elements, provides a large reduction of degrees of freedom in comparison with previous mixed methods. The use of isoparametric prismatic finite elements provides good geometric adaptability to the topography. We perform an analysis of stability and convergence using the concept of static condensation on bubble spaces. Finally, we test our stabilized approximations in flows with complex 3D structure, including a real-life application. Specifically, we simulate the wind-driven circulation in Lake Neuchtel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Numerical Mathematics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - MARINE sciences
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY
KW  - Mixed finite elements
KW  - Oceanography
KW  - Primitive equations
KW  - Stabilized finite elements
N1  - Accession Number: 18134976; Chacón Rebollo, T. 1; Email Address: chacon@us.es Rodríguez Gómez, D. 2; Email Address: dgomez@templar.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Ecuaciones Diferenciales y Análisis Numérico, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda, Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41080 Sevilla, Spain  2: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: MARINE sciences; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed finite elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oceanography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Primitive equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stabilized finite elements; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apnum.2004.08.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
AU  - Neil, Doreen
AU  - Chu, D. Allen
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Gumley, Liam
AU  - Prins, Elaine
AU  - Weinstock, Lewis
AU  - MacDonald, Clinton
AU  - Wayland, Richard
AU  - Dimmick, Fred
AU  - Fishman, Jack
T1  - Improving National Air Quality Forecasts with Satellite Aerosol Observations.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 86
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1249
EP  - 1261
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Accurate air quality forecasts can allow for mitigation of the health risks associated with high levels of air pollution. During September 2003, a team of NASA, NOAA, and EPA researchers demonstrated a prototype tool for improving fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air quality forecasts using satellite aerosol observations. Daily forecast products were generated from a near-real-time fusion of multiple input data products, including aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)/ Earth Observing System (EOS) instrument on the NASA Terra satellite, PM2.5 concentration from over 300 state/local/national surface monitoring stations, meteorological fields from the NOAA/NCEP Eta Model, and fire locations from the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) product. The products were disseminated via a Web interface to a small group of forecasters representing state and local air management agencies and the EPA. The MODIS data improved forecaster knowledge of synoptic-scale air pollution events, particularly over oceans and in regions devoid of surface monitors. Forecast trajectories initialized in regions of high AOD offered guidance for identifying potential episodes of poor air quality. The capability of this approach was illustrated with a case study showing that aerosol resulting from wildfires in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada is transported across the continent to influence air quality in the Great Lakes region a few days later. The timing of this demonstration was selected to help improve the accuracy of the EPA's AIRNow () air quality index next-day PM2.5 forecast, which began on 1 October 2003. Based on the positive response from air quality managers and forecasters, this prototype was expanded and transitioned to an operational provider during the summer of 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC deposition
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 18317039; Al-Saadi, Jassim 1; Email Address: j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov Szykman, James 2 Pierce, R. Bradley 1 Kittaka, Chieko 3 Neil, Doreen 1 Chu, D. Allen 4 Remer, Lorraine 5 Gumley, Liam 6 Prins, Elaine 7 Weinstock, Lewis 8 MacDonald, Clinton 9 Wayland, Richard 8 Dimmick, Fred 8 Fishman, Jack 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  3: SAIC, Hampton, Virginia  4: Joint Center for Earth Science Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  6: SSEC/CIMSS, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  7: NOAA/NES-DIS/ORA, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  8: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina  9: Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 86 Issue 9, p1249; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC deposition; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ohring, George
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce
AU  - Spencer, Roy
AU  - Emery, Bill
AU  - Datla, Raju
T1  - Satellite Instrument Calibration for Measuring Global Climate Change: Report of a Workshop.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 86
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1303
EP  - 1313
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Measuring the small changes associated with long-term global climate change from space is a daunting task. The satellite instruments must be capable of observing atmospheric and surface temperature trends as small as 0.1°C decade-1, ozone changes as little as 1% decade-1, and variations in the sun's output as tiny as 0.1% decade-1. To address these problems and recommend directions for improvements in satellite instrument calibration, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System–Integrated Program Office (NPOESS-IPO), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) organized a workshop at the University of Maryland Inn and Conference Center, College Park, Maryland, 12–14 November 2002. Some 75 scientists participated including researchers who develop and analyze long-term datasets from satellites, experts in the field of satellite instrument calibration, and physicists working on state-of-the-art calibration sources and standards. The workshop defined the absolute accuracies and long-term stabilities of global climate datasets that are needed to detect expected trends, translated these dataset accuracies and stabilities to required satellite instrument accuracies and stabilities, and evaluated the ability of current observing systems to meet these requirements. The workshop's recommendations include a set of basic axioms or overarching principles that must guide high quality climate observations in general, and a road map for improving satellite instrument characterization, calibration, intercalibration, and associated activities to meet the challenge of measuring global climate change. The workshop also recommended that a follow-up workshop be conducted to discuss implementation of the road map developed at this workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL services
KW  - GEOPHYSICAL prediction
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 18317035; Ohring, George 1; Email Address: george.ohring@noaa.gov Wielicki, Bruce 2 Spencer, Roy 3 Emery, Bill 4 Datla, Raju 5; Affiliation:  1: Consultant to NOAA and NIST, College Park, Maryland  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama  4: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado  5: NIST, Gaithersburg, Maryland; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 86 Issue 9, p1303; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL services; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICAL prediction; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raleigh, Chris
AU  - Vogler, Detlev R.
AU  - Cullings, Ken
T1  - Effects of severe dwarf mistletoe infection on the ectomycorrhizal community of a Pinus contorta stand in Yellowstone Park.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Botany
JF  - Canadian Journal of Botany
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 83
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1174
EP  - 1180
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084026
AB  - Molecular methods were used to test the hypothesis that severe infection by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium, a carbon-sink parasite) affects the ectomycorrhizal (EM) communities of its host, lodgepole pine. Results indicate significantly lower EM fungal species richness (2 ± 0.2 SE species per core in uninfected and 1 ± 0.2 species per core in infected blocks; P < 0.005), Shannon–Wiener diversity indices (1.1 in uninfected and 0.6 in infected; P < 0.05), and also differences in species EM fungal composition; uninfected blocks are dominated by a species of Cortinarius while the infected stand is dominated by species of Russula, and Piloderma (26%). By contrast, dwarf mistletoe infection has no apparent effect on evenness (0.65 in controls and 0.47 in infected; 0.05 < P < 0.1), or on EM infection levels (35 ± 7 EM tips per core in uninfected and 21 ± 5 in infected; P > 0.1). Thus, dwarf mistletoe infection may select for EM fungal species that impose a lower carbon demand on the host, or that possess carbon-degrading abilities to augment carbon lost to the parasite, enabling the trees in infected blocks to maintain relatively high EM infection levels. Our results indicate that effects of dwarf mistletoe infection occur not just in the crown of infected but extend into the soil as well, and hence may have much greater implications for ecosystem function than previously thought. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les auteurs ont utilisé des méthodes moléculaires pour vérifier l’hypothèse proposant qu’une infection sévère par le faux gui (un parasite du puits de carbone) affecte les communautés ectomycorhiziennes (EM) de son hôte, le pin lodgepole. Les résultats indiquent des réductions significatives de la richesse en espèces de champignons EM (2 ± 0,2 SE espèces par carotte pour les non infectés, et 1 ± 0,2 dans les parcelles infectées; P < 0,005)], ainsi que des indices de diversité de Shannon-Wiener (1,1, non infectés; 0.6 infectés; P < 0,05). On note également des différences dans la composition en espèces de champignons EM; les parcelles non infectées sont dominées par une espèce de Cortinarius alors que des espèces de Russula et de Piloderma prévalent dans les parcelles infectées (26 %). Au contraire, l’infection par le faux gui n’a pas d’effet apparent sur l’uniformité (0,65 chez les témoins et 0,47 dans les parcelles infectées; 0,05 < P < 0,1), ou sur les taux de colonisation EM (35 ± 7 apex EM par carotte chez les infectés et 21 ± 5 chez les infectés; P > 0,1)]. Ainsi l’infection par le faux gui peut sélectionner des espèces fongiques EM qui imposent une moindre demande en carbone de la part de l’hôte, ou qui possèdent des capacités de dégradation du carbone pour augmenter la perte de carbone à l’hôte, rendant ainsi les arbres des parcelles infectées capables de maintenir des taux de mycorhization relativement élevés. Les résultats indiquent que les effets de l’infection par le faux gui ne surviennent pas seulement dans le houppier des arbres infectés, mais s’étendent dans le sol également, et conséquemment peuvent avoir des implications plus importantes dans le fonctionnement des écosystèmes qu’on le pensait jusqu’à maintenant. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Botany is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF mistletoes
KW  - MISTLETOES
KW  - SANTALALES
KW  - LODGEPOLE pine
KW  - PINE
KW  - LORANTHACEAE
KW  - NATIONAL parks & reserves
KW  - PINE -- Diseases & pests
KW  - PILODERMA
KW  - IDAHO
KW  - MONTANA
KW  - WYOMING
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
KW  - DNA sequencing
KW  - dwarf mistletoe
KW  - ectomycorrhizae PCR
KW  - Yellowstone
KW  - faux gui
KW  - PCR d'ectomycorhizes
KW  - séquençage de l'ADN
N1  - Accession Number: 19712601; Raleigh, Chris 1 Vogler, Detlev R. 2 Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: kcullings@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Institute of Forest Genetics, 2480 Carson Road, Placerville, CA 95667-5107, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 83 Issue 9, p1174; Subject Term: DWARF mistletoes; Subject Term: MISTLETOES; Subject Term: SANTALALES; Subject Term: LODGEPOLE pine; Subject Term: PINE; Subject Term: LORANTHACEAE; Subject Term: NATIONAL parks & reserves; Subject Term: PINE -- Diseases & pests; Subject Term: PILODERMA; Subject Term: IDAHO; Subject Term: MONTANA; Subject Term: WYOMING; Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA sequencing; Author-Supplied Keyword: dwarf mistletoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: ectomycorrhizae PCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Author-Supplied Keyword: faux gui; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCR d'ectomycorhizes; Author-Supplied Keyword: séquençage de l'ADN; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/b05-100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
T1  - Thermal conductivity of zirconia–alumina composites
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 31
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 911
EP  - 916
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Abstract: Ten mole percent of yttria-stabilized zirconia (10YSZ)–alumina composites containing 0–30mol% alumina were fabricated by hot pressing at 1500°C in vacuum. Thermal conductivity of the composites, determined at various temperatures using a steady-state laser heat flux technique, increased with increase in alumina content. Composites containing 0, 5, and 10mol% alumina did not show any change in thermal conductivity with temperature. However, those containing 20 and 30mol% alumina showed a decrease in thermal conductivity with increase in temperature. The measured values of thermal conductivity were in good agreement with those calculated from the Maxwell–Eucken model where one phase is uniformly dispersed within a second major continuous phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - LASERS
KW  - VALUES (Ethics)
KW  - YTTRIUM
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - B. Composites
KW  - C. Thermal conductivity
KW  - D. Alumina
KW  - D. Zirconia
N1  - Accession Number: 18101584; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: Narottam.P.Bansal@nasa.gov Zhu, Dongming 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: U.S. Army, Vehicle Technology Directorate, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 31 Issue 7, p911; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: VALUES (Ethics); Subject Term: YTTRIUM; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Alumina; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Zirconia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2004.09.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delgado, Frank
AU  - Abernathy, Mike
AU  - White, Janis
T1  - SmartCam3D Provides New Levels of Situation Awareness.
JO  - CrossTalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering
JF  - CrossTalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 18
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 11
SN  - 21601577
AB  - SmartCam3D (SC3D) is a hybrid synthetic vision system that combines live sensor information with data from a synthetic vision system to create a virtual cockpit window. This combination of technologies allows the system to circumvent some of the limitations from each approach. SC3D is supporting various Department of Defense, NASA, and commercial industry endeavors related to the operation of tele-operated and windowless cockpit designed vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of CrossTalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering is the property of USAF Software Technology Support Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Field of view
KW  - BIOSENSORS
N1  - Accession Number: 18048589; Delgado, Frank 1; Email Address: francisco.j.delgado@nasa.gov Abernathy, Mike 2; Email Address: mikea@landform.com White, Janis 3; Email Address: janis@landform.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA  2: Rapid Imaging Software  3: Statistical Consulting; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 18 Issue 9, p10; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Field of view; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, S.R.
AU  - Zhu, D.
AU  - Miller, R.A.
T1  - Fracture behavior under mixed-mode loading of ceramic plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings at ambient and elevated temperatures
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 72
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2144
EP  - 2158
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Abstract: The fracture behavior under modes I and II loading of ceramic plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings was determined in air at 25 and 1316°C in asymmetric four-point flexure. The mode I fracture toughness was found to be K Ic =1.15±0.07 and 0.98±0.13MPa , respectively, at 25 and 1316°C. The respective ‘nominal’ mode II fracture toughness values were K IIc =0.73±0.10 and 0.65±0.04MPa . The empirical mixed-mode fracture criterion best described the coatings’ fracture behavior under mixed-mode loading. The angle of crack propagation was in reasonable agreement with the minimum strain energy density criterion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - Asymmetric four-point flexure
KW  - Ceramic thermal barrier coatings
KW  - Fracture toughness testing
KW  - Mixed modes I and II loading
KW  - Plasma-sprayed ZrO2–8wt%Y2O3
N1  - Accession Number: 18028821; Choi, S.R.; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Zhu, D. 1 Miller, R.A. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 72 Issue 13, p2144; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asymmetric four-point flexure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic thermal barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture toughness testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed modes I and II loading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma-sprayed ZrO2–8wt%Y2O3; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.01.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goffredi, Shana K.
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
AU  - Rouse, Greg W.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda
AU  - Embaye, Tsegeria
AU  - Turk, Kendra
AU  - Lee, Ray
AU  - Vrijenhoek, Robert C.
T1  - Evolutionary innovation: a bone-eating marine symbiosis.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1369
EP  - 1378
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Symbiotic associations between microbes and invertebrates have resulted in some of the most unusual physiological and morphological adaptations that have evolved in the animal world. We document a new symbiosis between marine polychaetes of the genus Osedax and members of the bacterial group Oceanospirillales, known for heterotrophic degradation of complex organic compounds. These organisms were discovered living on the carcass of a grey whale at 2891 m depth in Monterey Canyon, off the coast of California. The mouthless and gutless worms are unique in their morphological specializations used to obtain nutrition from decomposing mammalian bones. Adult worms possess elaborate posterior root-like extensions that invade whale bone and contain bacteriocytes that house intracellular symbionts. Stable isotopes and fatty acid analyses suggest that these unusual endosymbionts are likely responsible for the nutrition of this locally abundant and reproductively prolific deep-sea worm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - WORMS
KW  - INVERTEBRATES
KW  - ANIMALS
KW  - SYMBIOSIS
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 17818535; Goffredi, Shana K. 1,2; Email Address: goffredi@caltech.edu Orphan, Victoria J. 2,3 Rouse, Greg W. 4,5 Jahnke, Linda 3 Embaye, Tsegeria 3 Turk, Kendra 3 Lee, Ray 6 Vrijenhoek, Robert C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA  2: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  4: South Australian Museum, Nth Terrace, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia  5: Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5005 Australia  6: Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 7 Issue 9, p1369; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: WORMS; Subject Term: INVERTEBRATES; Subject Term: ANIMALS; Subject Term: SYMBIOSIS; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411110 Live animal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00824.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vera, Alonso H.
AU  - John, Bonnie E.
AU  - Remington, Roger
AU  - Matessa, Michael
AU  - Freed, Michael A.
T1  - Automating Human-Performance Modeling at the Millisecond Level.
JO  - Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 225
EP  - 265
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 07370024
AB  - A priori prediction of skilled human performance has the potential to be of great practical value but is difficult to carry out. This article reports on an approach that facilitates modeling of human behavior at the level of cognitive, perceptual, and motor operations, following the CPM-GOMS method (John, 1990). CPM-GOMS is a powerful modeling method that has remained underused because of the expertise and labor required. We describe a process for automatically generating CPM-GOMS models from a hierarchical task decomposition expressed in a computational modeling tool, taking advantage of reusable behavior templates and their efficacy for generating zero-parameter a priori predictions of complex human behavior. To demonstrate the process, we present a model of automated teller machine interaction. The model shows that it is possible to string together existing behavioral templates that compose basic HCI tasks, (e.g., mousing to a button and clicking on it) to generate powerful human performance predictions. Because interleaving of templates is now automated, it becomes possible to construct arbitrarily long sequences of behavior. In addition, the manipulation and adaptation of complete models has the potential of becoming dramatically easier. Thus, the tool described here provides an engine for CPM-GOMS that may facilitate computational modeling of human performance at the millisecond level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - AUTOMATIC machinery
KW  - TELEMATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18977528; Vera, Alonso H. 1 John, Bonnie E. 2 Remington, Roger 3 Matessa, Michael 3 Freed, Michael A. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center & Carnegie Mellon University  2: Carnegie Mellon University  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: NASA Ames Research Center & University of West Florida; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p225; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: INFORMATION technology; Subject Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC machinery; Subject Term: TELEMATICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812990 All Other Personal Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 41p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1207/s15327051hci2003_1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Draper, S.L.
AU  - Lerch, B.A.
AU  - Locci, I.E.
AU  - Shazly, M.
AU  - Prakash, V.
T1  - Effect of exposure on the mechanical properties of Gamma MET PX
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 13
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1014
EP  - 1019
SN  - 09669795
AB  - Abstract: The effect of a service environment exposure on the mechanical properties of a high Nb content TiAl alloy, Gamma MET PX 1 [ 1 ] Gamma MET PX is a trademark of PLANSEE AG, Austria. Alloy composition is based on TNB alloys developed by GKSS Research Center, Germany. , was assessed. Gamma MET PX, like other TiAl alloys, experiences a reduction of ductility following high temperature exposure. Exposure in Ar, air, and high-purity oxygen all resulted in a loss of ductility with the ductility reduction increasing with oxygen content in the exposure atmosphere. Embrittling mechanisms, including bulk microstructural changes, moisture induced environmental embrittlement, and near surface effects were investigated. The embrittlement has been shown to be a near-surface effect, most likely due to the diffusion of oxygen into the alloy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - EMBRITTLEMENT
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - A. Titanium aluminides, based on TiAl
KW  - B. Brittleness and ductility
KW  - B. Environmental embrittlement
KW  - B. Fracture toughness
KW  - B. Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 18479610; Draper, S.L. 1 Lerch, B.A. 1 Locci, I.E. 1 Shazly, M. 2 Prakash, V. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA  2: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-7222, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p1014; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: EMBRITTLEMENT; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Titanium aluminides, based on TiAl; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Brittleness and ductility; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Environmental embrittlement; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2004.12.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Xuefeng
AU  - Zhang, Nengli
T1  - Numerical analysis of heat transfer in pulsating turbulent flow in a pipe
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 19/20
M3  - Article
SP  - 3957
EP  - 3970
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: Convection heat transfer in pulsating turbulent flow with large velocity oscillating amplitudes in a pipe at constant wall temperature is numerically studied. A low-Reynolds-number (LRN) k–ε turbulent model is used in the turbulence modeling. The model analysis indicates that Womersley number is a very important parameter in the study of pulsating flow and heat transfer. Flow and heat transfer in a wide range of process parameters are investigated to reveal the velocity and temperature characteristics of the flow. The numerical calculation results show that in a pulsating turbulent flow there is an optimum Womersley number at which heat transfer is maximally enhanced. Both larger amplitude of velocity oscillation and flow reversal in the pulsating turbulent flow also greatly promote the heat transfer enhancement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Convection heat transfer
KW  - Large velocity amplitude
KW  - Numerical calculation
KW  - Pulsating flow
KW  - Turbulent modeling
KW  - Womersley number
N1  - Accession Number: 18152818; Wang, Xuefeng 1 Zhang, Nengli 2; Email Address: nengli.zhang@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Microgravity Science Division, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 48 Issue 19/20, p3957; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large velocity amplitude; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical calculation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulsating flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulent modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Womersley number; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.04.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tabiei, Ala
AU  - Yi, Weitao
AU  - Goldberg, Robert
T1  - Non-linear strain rate dependent micro-mechanical composite material model for finite element impact and crashworthiness simulation
JO  - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
JF  - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 957
EP  - 970
SN  - 00207462
AB  - Abstract: The present study aims at implementation of a strain rate dependent, non-linear, micro-mechanics material model for laminated, unidirectional polymer matrix composites into the explicit finite element code LSDYNA. The objective is to develop an accurate and simple micro-mechanical, rate dependent material model, which is computationally efficient. Within the model a representative volume cell is assumed. The stress–strain relation including rate dependent effects for the micro-model is derived for both shell elements and solid elements. Micro-failure criterion is presented for each material constituent and failure mode. The implemented model can deal with problems such as impact, crashworthiness, and failure analysis under quasi-static loads. The developed material model has a wide range of applications such as jet engine jackets, armor plates, and structural crashworthiness simulation. The deformation response of two representative composite materials with varying fiber orientation is presented using the described technique. The predicted results compare favorably to experimental values. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - NONLINEAR mechanics
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - Crashworthiness of composites
KW  - Impact of composite
KW  - Impact simulation of composites
KW  - Strain effect of composites
N1  - Accession Number: 17953316; Tabiei, Ala 1; Email Address: ala.tabiei@uc.edu Yi, Weitao 1 Goldberg, Robert 2; Affiliation:  1: The Centre of Excellence in DYNA3D Analysis, Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics Department, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221-0070, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p957; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: NONLINEAR mechanics; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crashworthiness of composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact of composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact simulation of composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain effect of composites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2004.10.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hilburger, Mark W.
AU  - Starnes Jr., James H.
T1  - Buckling behavior of compression-loaded composite cylindrical shells with reinforced cutouts
JO  - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
JF  - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1021
SN  - 00207462
AB  - Abstract: Results from a numerical study of the response of thin-walled compression-loaded quasi-isotropic laminated composite cylindrical shells with unreinforced and reinforced square cutouts are presented. The effects of cutout reinforcement orthotropy, size, and thickness on the non-linear response of the shells are described. A high-fidelity non-linear analysis procedure has been used to predict the non-linear response of the shells. The analysis procedure includes a non-linear static analysis that predicts stable response characteristics of the shells and a non-linear transient analysis that predicts unstable dynamic buckling response characteristics. The results illustrate the complex non-linear response of a compression-loaded shell with an unreinforced cutout. In particular, a local buckling response occurs in the shell near the cutout and is caused by a complex non-linear coupling between local shell-wall deformations and in-plane destabilizing compression stresses near the cutout. In general, reinforcement around a cutout in a compression-loaded shell can retard or eliminate the local buckling response near the cutout and increase the buckling load of the shell. However, results are presented that show how certain reinforcement configurations can cause an unexpected increase in the magnitude of local deformations and stresses in the shell and cause a reduction in the buckling load. Specific cases are presented that suggest that the orthotropy, thickness, and size of a cutout reinforcement in a shell can be tailored to achieve improved buckling response characteristics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - NONLINEAR mechanics
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Composite shells
KW  - Reinforced cutouts
N1  - Accession Number: 17953319; Hilburger, Mark W.; Email Address: mark.w.hilburger@nasa.gov Starnes Jr., James H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mechanics and Durability Branch, MS 190, Hampton, Virginia 23681-001, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 40 Issue 7, p1005; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: NONLINEAR mechanics; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite shells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reinforced cutouts; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2005.02.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oterkus, E.
AU  - Barut, A.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Nonlinear analysis of a composite panel with a cutout repaired by a bonded tapered composite patch
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 42
IS  - 18/19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5274
EP  - 5306
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: This study presents a solution method to analyze the geometrically nonlinear response of a patch-repaired flat panel (skin) with a cutout under general loading conditions. The effect of induced stiffening due to tensile loading on the in-plane and, particularly, the out-of-plane behaviors of the patch-repaired skin are investigated. The damage to the skin is represented in the form of a cutout under the patch. The patch with tapered edges is free of external tractions. The skin is subjected to general boundary and loading conditions along its external edge. The solution method provides the transverse shear and normal stresses in the adhesive between the skin and the patch, and in-plane and bending stresses in the patch and skin. Both the patch and skin are made of linearly elastic composite laminates, and the adhesive between them is homogeneous and isotropic, exhibiting a bi-linear elastic behavior. Modified Green’s strain–displacement relations in conjunction with von Karman assumptions are employed in determining the in-plane strains in the skin and patch; however, the transverse shear strains in the adhesive are determined based on the shear-lag theory. The present solution method utilizes the principle of virtual work in conjunction with complex potential functions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUILDINGS -- Repair & reconstruction
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ENGINEERING design
N1  - Accession Number: 17918954; Oterkus, E. 1 Barut, A. 1 Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Ambur, D.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 42 Issue 18/19, p5274; Subject Term: BUILDINGS -- Repair & reconstruction; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236110 Residential building construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236220 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.02.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lazos, Barry S.
T1  - Biologically Inspired Fixed-Wing Configuration Studies.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1089
EP  - 1098
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Through the evolution of natural flight systems, it is expected that many have been optimized to provide enhanced efficiency. With this in mind the current study was conducted to determine whether flight configurations found in nature might be appropriately applied to fixed-wing mechanical flight systems to provide performance improvements through energy savings. Four different biologically inspired wings were designed and experimentally tested against a planar elliptic configuration used as a baseline. Two of the configurations show performance improvements over the baseline, using two different comparison techniques. Surface oil flow visualizations at the wingtips highlight differences that provide insight into the flow physics of the improvements [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - ENERGY conservation
KW  - ANIMAL flight
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - INDUSTRIAL efficiency
N1  - Accession Number: 18775402; Lazos, Barry S. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Flow Physics and Control Branch, 1 E. Reid Street, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Virginia 23681  2: Member, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1089; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ENERGY conservation; Subject Term: ANIMAL flight; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL efficiency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruzicka, Gene C.
AU  - Strawn, Roger C.
AU  - Meadowcroft, Edward T.
T1  - Discrete-Blade, Navier-Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Ducted-Fan Flow.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1109
EP  - 1117
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The application of overset grid methods to studying the flowfield of the FANTAIL™ antitorque system of the RAH-66 rotorcraft is described. The FANTAIL itself and the experimental program used to design it arc described first. Then, OVERFLOW-D, an overset grid-based, Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code is reviewed, and its adaptation to the ducted fan geometry of the FANTAIL is explained. The modeling of the FANTAIL using OVERFLOW-D. including grids and boundary conditions, is explained in detail. The results of numerical studies of the hovering FANTAIL are presented and are shown to compare well with experiment. Flowfield visualizations are presented and are used to explain how the blade tip vortices combine with the adverse pressure gradient beneath the rotor disk to impact flow along the duet wall beneath the disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - DUCTED fans
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - ROTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 18775404; Ruzicka, Gene C. 1 Strawn, Roger C. 2,3 Meadowcroft, Edward T. 4; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Army/NASA Rotorcraft Division, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Mail Stop N258-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035-1000  2: Group Leader, U.S. Army/NASA Rotorcraft Division, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Mail Stop N258-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035-1000  3: Associate Fellow AIAA  4: Aerospace Engineer, Boeing U.S. Army Programs and Military Rotorcraft, The Boeing Company, Ridley Park, Pennsylvania 19142; Source Info: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1109; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: DUCTED fans; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: ROTORS; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Melton, LaTunia Pack
AU  - Schaeffler, Norman W.
AU  - Chung-Sheng Yao
AU  - Seifert, Avi
T1  - Active Control of Flow Separation from Supercritical Airfoil Leading-Edge Flap Shoulder.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1142
EP  - 1149
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Zero-net mass-flux periodic excitation was applied at the leading-edge flap shoulder of a simplified high-lift airfoil to delay flow separation. The term simplified infers that no slat or Fowler flaps are used. The NASA energy efficient transport supercritical airfoil was fitted with a 15% chord simply hinged leading-edge flap and a 25% chord simply hinged trailing-edge flap. Initially, the cruise configuration data from previous experiments were reproduced. The effects of leading- and trailing-edge flap deflections on the airfoil integral parameters were quantified. Detailed flow features were measured to identify optimal actuator placement. The measurements included steady and unsteady model and tunnel wall pressures, wake surveys, arrays of surface hot films, flow visualization, and particle image velocimetry. Eventually, high-frequency periodic excitation was applied to delay the occurrence of leading-edge flap shoulder stall and increased the maximum lift by 10-15%. Low-frequency amplitude modulation was used to reduce the oscillatory momentum coefficient by roughly 50% with similar aerodynamic performance gains. It is demonstrated that the efficacy of the amplitude-modulated excitation is due to the generation of low-frequency motion, which is amplified by the separating shear layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 18775408; Melton, LaTunia Pack 1,2; Email Address: l.p.melton@larc.nasa.gov Schaeffler, Norman W. 1,3; Email Address: n.w.schaeffler@layc.nasa.gov Chung-Sheng Yao 1; Email Address: c.s.yao@larc.nasa.gov Seifert, Avi 4,5,6; Email Address: seifert@eng.tau.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, Flow Physics and Control Branch, MS 170, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Member AIAA  4: Senior Lecturer, Department of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Ramat-Aviv, Israel  5: Visiting Scientist, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  6: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1142; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laflin, Kelly R.
AU  - Klausmeyer, Steven M.
AU  - Zickuhr, Thomas
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Rakowitz, Mark E.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Godard, Jean-Luc
T1  - Data Summary from Second AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1165
EP  - 1178
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Second AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop are summarized. The workshop focused on absolute and configuration delta drag prediction of the DLR, German Aerospace Research Center F6 geometry, which is representative of transport aircraft designed for transonic flight. Both wing-body and wing-body-nacelle-pylon configurations are considered. Comparisons are made using industry relevant test eases that include single-point conditions, drag polars, and drag-rise curves. Drag, lift, and pitching moment predictions from several different Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes are presented and compared to experimental data. Solutions on multiblock structured, unstructured, and overset structured grids using a variety of turbulence models are considered. Results of a grid-refinement study and a comparison of tripped transition vs fully turbulent boundary-layer computations are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
N1  - Accession Number: 18775441; Laflin, Kelly R. 1,2 Klausmeyer, Steven M. 1,3 Zickuhr, Thomas 3,4 Vassberg, John C. 5,6,7 Wahls, Richard A. 7,8 Morrison, Joseph H. 3,9 Brodersen, Olaf P. 10 Rakowitz, Mark E. 10 Tinoco, Edward N. 7,11 Godard, Jean-Luc 12; Affiliation:  1: Specialist Engineer, Department of Aerodynamic and Product Analysis, Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, Kansas 67218  2: Member, AIAA  3: Senior Member, AIAA  4: Senior Specialist Engineer, Department of Aerodynamic and Product Analysis, Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, Kansas 67218  5: Boeing Technical Fellow, Phantom Works, Department of Flight Sciences and Advanced Design, The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647  6: Chairman Drag Prediction Workshop-II Organizing Committee  7: Associate Fellow, AIAA  8: Assistant Head, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  9: Research Scientist, Department of Computational Aerosciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  10: Research Engineer, Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, DLR, German Aerospace Center, 38108 Brunswick, Germany  11: Boeing Technical Fellow, Department of Enabling Technology and Research, The Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington 98124  12: Research Engineer, Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, ONERA, 92322 Chatillon Cedex, France; Source Info: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1165; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 23 Charts, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Assessment of Comprehensive Analysis Calculation of Airloads on Helicopter Rotors.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1218
EP  - 1228
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Blade section normal force and pitching moment were investigated for six rotors operating at transition and high speeds: H-34 in flight and wind tunnel, SA 330 (research Puma), SA 349/2, UH-60A full-scale, and BO-105 model (Higher-Harmonic Acoustics Rotor Test I). The measured data from flight and wind-tunnel tests were compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive analysis CAMRAD II. The calculations were made using two free-wake models: rolled up and multiple trailer with consolidation models. At transition speed, there is fair to good agreement for the blade section normal force between the test data and analysis for the H-34, research Puma, and SA 349/2 with the rolled-up wake. The calculated airloads differ significantly from the measurements for the UH-60A and BO-105. Better correlation is obtained for the UH-60A and BO-105 by using the multiple trailer with consolidation wake model. In the high-speed condition, the analysis shows generally good agreement with the research Puma flight data in both magnitude and phase. However, poor agreement is obtained for the other rotors examined. The analysis shows that the aerodynamic tip design (chord length and quarter-chord location) of the research Puma has an important influence on the phase correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - WAKES (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 18775414; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1,2 Johnson, Wayne 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, MS 243-12, U.S. Army/NASA Rotorcraft Division, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 95035  2: Member, AIAA  3: Research Scientist, MS 243-12, U.S. Army/NASA Rotorcraft Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 95035; Source Info: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1218; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: WAKES (Aerodynamics); Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jegley, Dawn C.
T1  - Structural Efficiency of Stitched Composite Panels with Stiffener Crippling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1273
EP  - 1280
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The structural efficiency of blade-stiffened stitched specimens is compared to determine their weight-saving potential if blades were allowed to buckle at less than or equal to design ultimate load, Analytical and experimental results from four configurations of crippling specimens are presented. Specimen skin and blades were held together with through-the-thickness stitches prior to curing. No mechanical fasteners were used for the assembly, Tests were conducted with and without low-speed impact damage, Failure modes are discussed. Finite element and experimental results agree for the response of the structures. For some specimen configurations, improved structural efficiency can be obtained by allowing stiffeners to buckle at design limit load rather than requiring that buckling not occur prior to design ultimate load. A parametric study is presented herein, which describes the possible weight savings with this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MECHANICAL efficiency
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Weight
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 18775420; Jegley, Dawn C. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1273; Subject Term: MECHANICAL efficiency; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Weight; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patnaik, Surya N.
AU  - Coroneos, Rula M.
AU  - Guptill, James D.
AU  - Hopkins, Dale A.
T1  - Subsonic Aircraft Design Optimization with Neural Network and Regression Approximators.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/09//Sep/Oct2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1347
EP  - 1349
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Discusses the insights gained from using the approximation techniques, neural network and regression methods, to alleviate the difficulty encountered in the aircraft analyzer, and the optimizer cascade strategy to overcome convergence deficiency in the nonlinear programming algorithm.  Design variables of the subsonic aircraft; Disciplines that the flight optimization FLOPS code calculates; Basic function of the regression method.
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - CASCADES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - NONLINEAR programming
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18775431; Patnaik, Surya N. 1,2 Coroneos, Rula M. 3 Guptill, James D. 3 Hopkins, Dale A. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Senior Engineer, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, Ohio 44142  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Computer Scientist, 21000 Brookpark Road. NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Senior Engineer, 21000 Brookpark Road, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  5: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2005, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1347; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: CASCADES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: NONLINEAR programming; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rohlin, Lars
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
AU  - Salmon, Kirsty
AU  - Kim, Unmi
AU  - Gunsalus, Robert P.
AU  - Liao, James C.
T1  - Heat Shock Response of Archaeoglobus fulgidus.
JO  - Journal of Bacteriology
JF  - Journal of Bacteriology
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 187
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 6046
EP  - 6057
SN  - 00219193
AB  - The heat shock response of the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus strain VC-16 was studied using whole-genuine microarrays. On the basis of the resulting expression profiles, approximately 350 of the 2,410 open reading frames (ORFs) (ca. 14%) exhibited increased or decreased transcript abundance. These span a range of cell functions, including energy production, amino acid metabolism, and signal transduction, where the majority are uncharacterized. One ORF called AF1298 was identified that contains a putative helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif. The gene product, HSR1, was expressed and purified from Escherichia coil and was used to characterize specific DNA recognition regions upstream of two A. fulgidus genes, AF1298 and AF1971. The results indicate that AF1298 is autoregulated and is part of an operon with two downstream genes that encode a small heat shock protein, Hsp20, and cdc48, an AAA+ ATPase. The DNase I footprints using HSR1 suggest the presence of a cis-binding motif upstream of AF1298 consisting of CTAAC-N5-GTTAG. Since AF1298 is negatively regulated in response to heat shock and encodes a protein only distantly related to the N-terminal DNA binding domain of Phr of Pyrococcus furiosus, these results suggest that HSRI and Phr may belong to an evolutionarily diverse protein family involved in heat shock regulation in hyperthermophilic and mesophilic Archaea organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Bacteriology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT shock proteins
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - AMINO acid metabolism
KW  - CELLULAR signal transduction
KW  - ESCHERICHIA coli
KW  - GENES
KW  - THERMOPHILIC bacteria
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - BACTERIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 18163647; Rohlin, Lars 1 Trent, Jonathan D. 2 Salmon, Kirsty 3 Kim, Unmi 3 Gunsalus, Robert P. 3 Liao, James C. 1; Email Address: liaoj@ucla.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Department of Microbiology Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 187 Issue 17, p6046; Subject Term: HEAT shock proteins; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: AMINO acid metabolism; Subject Term: CELLULAR signal transduction; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: THERMOPHILIC bacteria; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: BACTERIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/JB.187.17.6046-6057.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juntao Fei
AU  - Shuhao Chen
AU  - Gang Tao
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Robust Adaptive Control Scheme for Discrete-Time System With Actuator Failures.
JO  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
JF  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 127
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 520
EP  - 526
SN  - 00220434
AB  - Examines the development of a robust adaptive control approach for discrete-time linear time-invariant systems with actuator failures. Plant-model output matching; Structure of the adaptive controller; Adaptive compensation of rudder servomechanism failures of a Boeing 747 dynamic model.
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - SERVOMECHANISMS
KW  - BOEING 747 (Jet transport)
N1  - Accession Number: 18415874; Juntao Fei 1 Shuhao Chen 1 Gang Tao 1 Joshi, Suresh M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 127 Issue 3, p520; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: SERVOMECHANISMS; Subject Term: BOEING 747 (Jet transport); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1978912
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kojima, Jun
AU  - Nguyen, Quang-Viet
T1  - Quantitative analysis of spectral interference of spontaneous Raman scattering in high-pressure fuel-rich H2–air combustion
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 94
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 439
EP  - 466
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: We present a theoretical study of the spectral interferences in the spontaneous Raman scattering spectra of major combustion products in 30-atm fuel-rich H2–air flames. An effective methodology is introduced to choose an appropriate line-shape model for simulating Raman spectra in high-pressure combustion environments. The Voigt profile with the additive approximation assumption was found to provide a reasonable model of the spectral line shape for the present analysis. The rotational/vibrational Raman spectra of H2, N2, and H2O were calculated using an anharmonic-oscillator model using the latest collisional broadening coefficients. The calculated spectra were validated with data obtained in a 10-atm fuel-rich H2–air flame and showed excellent agreement. Our quantitative spectral analysis for equivalence ratios ranging from 1.5 to 5.0 revealed substantial amounts of spectral cross-talk between the rotational H2 lines and the N2 O-/Q-branch; and between the vibrational H2 O(0,3) line and the vibrational H2O spectrum. We also address the temperature dependence of the spectral cross-talk and extend our analysis to include a cross-talk compensation technique that removes the interference arising from the H2 Raman spectra onto the N2, or H2O spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASYNCHRONOUS transfer mode
KW  - Combustion diagnostics
KW  - High-pressure flame
KW  - Raman scattering
KW  - Rotation–vibration spectral modeling
KW  - Spectral interference
N1  - Accession Number: 17516650; Kojima, Jun 1; Email Address: Jun.Kojima@grc.nasa.gov Nguyen, Quang-Viet 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd.,Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 94 Issue 3/4, p439; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASYNCHRONOUS transfer mode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-pressure flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotation–vibration spectral modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral interference; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.10.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Sealey, Bradley S.
T1  - Compact nonporous windscreen for infrasonic measurements.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 118
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1335
EP  - 1340
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Infrasonic windscreens, designed for service at frequencies below 20 Hz, were fabricated from a variety of materials having a low acoustic impedance, and tested against four specifications (the first three in a small wind tunnel): (1) wind-generated noise reduction (“insertion loss”) at a free-stream wind speed of 9.3 m/s, (2) transmission of low-frequency sound from a known source (subwoofer), (3) spectrum of sound generated from trailing vortices (aeolian tones), and (4) water absorption (to determine suitability for all-weather service). The operating principle is based on the high penetrating capability of infrasound through solid barriers. Windscreen materials included three woods (pine, cedar, and balsa), closed-cell polyurethane foam, and Space Shuttle tile material. The windscreen inside diameter ranged from 0.0254 to 0.1016 m (1 to 4 in.), and wall thickness from 0.003175 to 0.01905 m (1/8 to 3/4 in.). A windscreen made of closed-cell polyurethane foam revealed a wind noise reduction of 10–20 dB from 0.7 to 25 Hz, transmission coefficient near unity from 10 to 20 Hz, and spectral peaks beyond 20 Hz due to vortex-generated sound. Following a description of past methods, the principle of operation, and the experimental method, experimental data are presented for a variety of windscreens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRASONIC waves
KW  - ACOUSTIC impedance
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - TRANSMISSION of sound
N1  - Accession Number: 20263507; Shams, Qamar A. 1; Email Address: qamar.a.shams@nasa.gov Zuckerwar, Allan J. 1 Sealey, Bradley S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 118 Issue 3, p1335; Subject Term: INFRASONIC waves; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC impedance; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION of sound; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.1992707
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bucur, Barbara
AU  - Allen, Philip A.
AU  - Sanders, Raymond E.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Murphy, Martin D.
T1  - Redundancy Gain and Coactivation in Bimodal Detection: Evidence for the Preservation of Coactive Processing in Older Adults.
JO  - Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences
JF  - Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 60
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - P279
EP  - P282
SN  - 10795014
AB  - Previous investigations of adult age differences in the redundant signals effect suggest that both older and younger adults benefit from the presentation of redundant information. However, age deficits in divided attention may cause older adults to process redundant information in a different manner. In the present experiment, we tested between two competing explanations for the redundant signals effect: separate activation and coactivation. To investigate this issue, we used a bimodal detection task in which the auditory signal was a 1000-Hz tone and the visual signal was an asterisk. Both age groups showed significant violations of Miller's race model inequality, providing evidence for coactivation. These results suggest that, despite age-related deficits in divided attention, the ability to coactivate information from bimodal signals is spared with increased age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences & Social Sciences is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELPING behavior
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - HUMAN behavior
KW  - INTERPERSONAL relations
KW  - HELP-seeking behavior
KW  - SOCIAL psychology
N1  - Accession Number: 18187115; Bucur, Barbara 1 Allen, Philip A. 1 Sanders, Raymond E. 1 Ruthruff, Eric 2 Murphy, Martin D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, The University of Akron, Ohio  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 60 Issue 5, pP279; Subject Term: HELPING behavior; Subject Term: OLDER people; Subject Term: HUMAN behavior; Subject Term: INTERPERSONAL relations; Subject Term: HELP-seeking behavior; Subject Term: SOCIAL psychology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Syndergaard, Stig
AU  - Kursinski, E. Robert
AU  - Herman, Benjamin M.
AU  - Lane, Emily M.
AU  - Flittner, David E.
T1  - A Refractive Index Mapping Operator for Assimilation of Occultation Data.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 133
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2650
EP  - 2668
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - This paper describes the details of a fast, linear, forward-inverse refractive index mapping operator that can be used for assimilation of occultation data of various kinds into NWP models. Basically, the mapping consists of the integration of the refractive index along finite straight lines, mimicking the observational geometry as well as the subsequent retrieval of a refractive index profile, assuming spherical symmetry. Line integrals are discretized such that the refractivity is evaluated along the horizontal at fixed levels that can be chosen to coincide with the pressure levels of an NWP model. Integration of the hydrostatic equation at a large number of locations is thereby avoided. The mapping operator is tested using an idealized model of a weather front with large horizontal gradients. Mapped refractivity profiles are compared with retrieved refractivity profiles obtained via accurate 3D ray tracing simulations of GPS radio occultation events with ray path tangent points near the weather front. The simulations indicate that the mapping is a good representation of occultation measurements, including the influence large horizontal gradients have on retrieved refractivity profiles. To further the results, a simple ad hoc modification is introduced to approximately account for the ray path bending near the tangent points. The forward-inverse mapping allows for the near cancellation of otherwise crude approximations—for example, straight-line propagation—and the general concept could perhaps be adapted for the development of fast and accurate observation operators for the assimilation of other types of remote sensing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
KW  - EUCLID'S elements
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 18339083; Syndergaard, Stig 1; Email Address: ssy@ucar.edu Kursinski, E. Robert 2 Herman, Benjamin M. 2 Lane, Emily M. 3 Flittner, David E. 4; Affiliation:  1: COSMIC Project Office, University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  2: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona  3: Center for Earth Systems Research, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California  4: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 133 Issue 9, p2650; Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; Subject Term: EUCLID'S elements; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping Zhu
AU  - Bretherton, Christopher S.
AU  - Köhler, Martin
AU  - Cheng, Anning
AU  - Chlond, Andreas
AU  - Quanzhen Geng
AU  - Austin, Phil
AU  - Golaz, Jean-Christophe
AU  - Lenderink, Geert
AU  - Lock, Adrian
AU  - Stevens, Bjorn
T1  - Intercomparison and Interpretation of Single-Column Model Simulations of a Nocturnal Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 133
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2741
EP  - 2758
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Ten single-column models (SCMs) from eight groups are used to simulate a nocturnal nonprecipitating marine stratocumulus-topped mixed layer as part of an intercomparison organized by the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Cloud System Study, Working Group 1. The case is idealized from observations from the Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus II, Research Flight 1. SCM simulations with operational resolution are supplemented by high-resolution simulations and compared with observations and large-eddy simulations. All participating SCMs are able to maintain a sharp inversion and a mixed cloud-topped layer, although the moisture profiles show a slight gradient in the mixed layer and produce entrainment rates broadly consistent with observations, but the liquid water paths vary by a factor of 10 after only 1 h of simulation at both high and operational resolution. Sensitivity tests show insensitivity to activation of precipitation and shallow convection schemes in most models, as one would observationally expect for this case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 18339078; Ping Zhu 1; Email Address: pzhu@cgd.ucar.edu Bretherton, Christopher S. 1 Köhler, Martin 2 Cheng, Anning 3 Chlond, Andreas 4 Quanzhen Geng 5 Austin, Phil 5 Golaz, Jean-Christophe 6 Lenderink, Geert 7 Lock, Adrian 8 Stevens, Bjorn 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  2: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany  5: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada  6: National Research Council, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California  7: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands  8: United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom  9: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 133 Issue 9, p2741; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dubrulle, B.
AU  - Dauchot, O.
AU  - Daviaud, F.
AU  - Longaretti, P.-Y.
AU  - Richard, D.
AU  - Zahn, J.-P.
T1  - Stability and turbulent transport in Taylor–Couette flow from analysis of experimental data.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 17
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 095103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - This paper provides discussion and prescription about stability and transport in the Taylor–Couette experiment, a rotating shear flow with shear perpendicular to the rotation axis. Such geometry frequently occurs in geophysical or astrophysical context. The prescriptions we obtain are the result of a detailed analysis of the experimental data obtained in several studies of the transition to turbulence and turbulent transport in Taylor–Couette flow. We first introduce a new set of control parameters, based on dynamical rather than geometrical considerations, so that they may be relevant to any rotating shear flows in general and not only to Taylor–Couette flow. We then investigate the transition thresholds in the supercritical and the subcritical regime in order to extract their general dependencies on the control parameters. The inspection of the mean profiles provides us with some general hints on the turbulent to laminar shear ratio. Then the examination of the torque data allows us to propose a decomposition of the torque dependence on the control parameters in two terms, one completely determined by measurements in the case where the outer cylinder is at rest, the other one being a universal function deduced here from experimental fits. As a result, we obtain a general expression for the turbulent viscosity and compare it to existing prescriptions in the literature. Finally, throughout the paper we discuss the influence of additional effects such as stratification or magnetic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18443170; Dubrulle, B. 1 Dauchot, O. 1 Daviaud, F. 1 Longaretti, P.-Y. 2 Richard, D. 3 Zahn, J.-P. 4; Affiliation:  1: CNRS URA 2464 GIT/SPEC/DRECAM/DSM, CEA Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  2: LAOG UMR 5571 CNRS Université J. Fourier, F-38041 Grenoble, France  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffet Field, California 94035  4: LUTh CNRS UMR 8102, Observatoire de Paris, F-92195 Meudon, France; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 17 Issue 9, p095103; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2008999
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Clark, Timothy T.
T1  - Self-similar turbulence evolution and the dissipation rate transport equation.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2005/09//
VL  - 17
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 095104
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The dissipation rate transport equation is analyzed in the setting of time-dependent isotropic turbulence driven by a statistically unsteady force. In the limit of slow spectral variation, the balance between vortex stretching and enstrophy destruction postulated by Tennekes and Lumley [A First Course in Turbulence (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1972)] is verified and spectral closure is used to identify the O(Re0) difference between them; however, no definite formulation of an ε-equation results. The ε equation is usually calibrated to predict self-similar unit flows such as decaying turbulence and homogeneous shear flow. The limitations of this approach are shown by constructing classes of self-similar states of forced isotropic turbulence. Any choice of constants in the ε equation yields a model that is consistent with some self-similar states, but not with all possible states: two-equation models of the standard form select a class of admissible self-similar states and rule out the others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - RHEOLOGY
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18443164; Rubinstein, Robert 1 Clark, Timothy T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Northrop Grumman Information Technology, Advanced Technology Division, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87106; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 17 Issue 9, p095104; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: RHEOLOGY; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2046707
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fu, Joseph
AU  - Dixson, Ronald
AU  - Orji, George
AU  - Vorburger, Theodore
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
T1  - Linewidth measurement from a stitched AFM image.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/09/09/
VL  - 788
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 426
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Image stitching is a technique that combines two or more images to form one composite image, which provides a field of view that the originals cannot. It has been widely used in photography, medical imaging, and computer vision and graphics. For such applications, the emphasis is on the appearance of the composite image from a rendering perspective and not on performing measurements using the composite image. The potential use of image stitching in dimensional metrology is a relatively less explored field. In our experiment, a linewidth structure with nearly vertical sidewalls is imaged by an atomic force microscope (AFM) using a multi-walled carbon nanotube tip. Since the nanotube is mounted at an angle with respect to the surface, the resulting image of such a structure exhibits significant probe-related distortion on one side but very little on the other. If the sample is rotated by 180°, then both sidewalls can be accurately imaged. The two images can be stitched together to form a composite image in which both sidewalls are minimally distorted. Our paper describes AFM linewidth measurements using a composite image developed by manually stitching two individual images. The results are compared with measurements taken with critical-dimension AFM (CD-AFM), which is capable of measuring structures with near-vertical sidewalls. The challenge is to perform the stitching well enough that the composite image can be used for linewidth metrology. Our preliminary results on two different structures show agreement between image stitching and CD-AFM. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - WEIGHTS & measures
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - PATTERN recognition systems
KW  - COMPUTER graphics
N1  - Accession Number: 18225848; Fu, Joseph 1 Dixson, Ronald 1 Orji, George 1 Vorburger, Theodore 1 Nguyen, Cattien V. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 788 Issue 1, p421; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: WEIGHTS & measures; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: PATTERN recognition systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER graphics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2062997
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Gamble, Eleanor A.
T1  - Crystallization kinetics of a solid oxide fuel cell seal glass by differential thermal analysis
JO  - Journal of Power Sources
JF  - Journal of Power Sources
Y1  - 2005/09/09/
VL  - 147
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 115
SN  - 03787753
AB  - Abstract: Crystallization kinetics of a barium–calcium aluminosilicate glass (BCAS), a sealant material for planar solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), have been investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). From variation of DTA peak maximum temperature with heating rate, the activation energy for glass crystallization was calculated to be 259kJ/mol using a kinetic model. Development of crystalline phases on thermal treatments of the glass at various temperatures has been followed by powder X-ray diffraction. Microstructure and chemical composition of the crystalline phases were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) analysis. BaSiO3 and hexacelsian (BaAl2Si2O8) were the primary crystalline phases whereas monoclinic celsian (BaAl2Si2O8) and (Ba x Ca y )SiO4 were also detected as minor phases. Needle-shaped BaSiO3 crystals are formed first, followed by the formation of other phases at longer times of heat treatments. The glass does not fully crystallize even after long-term heat treatments at 750–900°C. Devitrification of the glass seal over a long period of time during operation of the SOFC would generate thermal stresses in the seal and may have adverse effects on its mechanical performance. This may lead to cracking of the seal, resulting in mixing of the fuel and the oxidant gases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID oxide fuel cells
KW  - FUEL cells
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - Activation energy
KW  - Devitrification
KW  - Differential thermal analysis
KW  - Glass
KW  - Seals
KW  - Solid oxide fuel cell
N1  - Accession Number: 18243093; Bansal, Narottam P.; Email Address: Narottam.P.Bansal@nasa.gov Gamble, Eleanor A. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 147 Issue 1/2, p107; Subject Term: SOLID oxide fuel cells; Subject Term: FUEL cells; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Devitrification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Differential thermal analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid oxide fuel cell; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.01.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
T1  - Solar system observations with Spitzer Space Telescope: Preliminary results
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/09/15/
VL  - 36
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1070
EP  - 1073
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The programs of observations of Solar System bodies conducted in the first year of the operation of the Spitzer Space Telescope as part of the Guaranteed Observing Time allocations are described. Initial results include the determination of the geometric albedos of a number of Kuiper Belt objects and Centaurs from observations of their flux densities at 24 and 70 μm, and the detection of emission bands in the spectra of several distant asteroids (Trojans) around 10 and 25 μm. The 10 Kuiper Belt objects observed to date have geometric albedos in the range 0.08–0.15, significantly higher than the earlier estimated 0.04. An additional KBO [(55565) 2002 AW197] has a geometric albedo of 0.17±0.03. The emission bands in the asteroid spectra are indicative of silicates, but specific minerals have not yet been identified. The Centaur/comet 29P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 1 has a nucleus surface geometric albedo of 0.025±0.01 and its dust production rate was calculated from the properties of the coma. Several other investigations are in progress as the incoming data are processed and analyzed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Centaurs
KW  - Comets
KW  - IR spectroscopy
KW  - Kuiper belt objects
KW  - Spitzer Space Telescope
N1  - Accession Number: 19108225; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 36 Issue 6, p1070; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centaurs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spitzer Space Telescope; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.05.108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Becklin, E.E.
T1  - Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2005/09/15/
VL  - 36
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1087
EP  - 1090
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The joint US and German SOFIA project to develop and operate a 2.5m infrared airborne telescope in a Boeing 747-SP is now in the final stages of development. First science flights will begin in 2007. The observatory is expected to operate for over 20 years. The sensitivity, characteristics, science instrument complement, and examples of first light science are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - BOEING 747 (Jet transport)
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - Airborne astronomy
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Submillimeter
N1  - Accession Number: 19108227; Becklin, E.E. 1,2; Email Address: becklin@astro.ucla.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1562, United States  2: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 144-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 36 Issue 6, p1087; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: BOEING 747 (Jet transport); Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Submillimeter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vancil, Bernard K.
AU  - Wintucky, Edwin G.
T1  - Weld techniques for reservoir cathodes
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2005/09/15/
VL  - 251
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 105
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: We report improvements in weld technology in support of our efforts to produce a commercial, long-life, miniature reservoir cathode. We have found that the laser weld between sintered tungsten pellet and reservoir sleeve can be made reliably hermetic if we apply a subsequent coating of molybdenum–ruthenium brazing alloy to the sides of the pellet and especially to the weld region. The emissive material is then inserted in the open end of the reservoir sleeve, which is then closed by a secondary weld. This secondary weld is reliably hermetic without the Mo–Ru coating, because it does not involve the porous tungsten matrix. Moreover, we have discovered an inspection procedure that allows us to check weld hermeticity at each assembly step. Thermal cycling tests indicate good weld integrity. Emission life testing is proceeding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER welding
KW  - SOLDER & soldering
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - IRON metallurgy
KW  - Dispenser cathodes
KW  - Reservoir cathodes
KW  - Thermionic cathodes
N1  - Accession Number: 18260926; Vancil, Bernard K. 1; Email Address: bernie@ebeaminc.com Wintucky, Edwin G. 2; Email Address: edwin.g.wintucky@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: E-beam, Inc., 21070 SW Tile Flat Road, Beaverton, OR 97007, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135,USA; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 251 Issue 1-4, p101; Subject Term: LASER welding; Subject Term: SOLDER & soldering; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: IRON metallurgy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dispenser cathodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reservoir cathodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermionic cathodes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333992 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.03.150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee
AU  - T. J.
AU  - Mejia
AU  - C. N.
AU  - Beran
AU  - G. J. O.
AU  - Head-Gordon
AU  - M.
T1  - Search for Stratospheric Bromine Reservoir Species:  Theoretical Study of the Photostability of Mono-, Tri-, and Pentacoordinated Bromine Compounds.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2005/09/15/
VL  - 109
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 8133
EP  - 8139
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Previous work has shown that pentacoordinated bromine compounds have their lowest excited electronic states shifted to the blue relative to monocoordinated bromine molecules, and that this shift may be large enough to render them photostable in the lower stratosphere. Our earlier work has also shown that certain pentacoordinated bromine compounds are thermodynamically stable relative to their mono- or tricoordinated isomers, suggesting that if a bromine stratospheric reservoir species exists, it may be a pentacoordinated compound. In this study we have examined the singlet and triplet excited electronic states of several bromine compounds, using time dependent density functional theory, to assess their photostability under stratospheric conditions and in order to elucidate the nature of lowest excited states in mono-, tri-, and pentacoordinated bromine molecules. The triplet states have been included due to the strong spin−orbit mixing in bromine. We have found several pentacoordinated bromine/oxygen compounds that could be photostable in the lower stratosphere, but we have also found that monovalent bromine compounds where the bromine atom is bonded to an atom with no lone-pair p-electrons is far and away the most photostable. Attachment/detachment electron density plots have been useful in ascertaining the nature of the excited electronic states and their likely path to photodissociation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HALOGEN compounds
KW  - HALOGENS
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 20704395; Lee T. J. 1 Mejia C. N. 1 Beran G. J. O. 1 Head-Gordon M. 1; Affiliation:  1: MS245-6, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94563; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 109 Issue 36, p8133; Subject Term: HALOGEN compounds; Subject Term: HALOGENS; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diner, David J.
AU  - Braswell, Bobby H.
AU  - Davies, Roger
AU  - Gobron, Nadine
AU  - Hu, Jiannan
AU  - Jin, Yufang
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Muller, Jan-Peter
AU  - Nolin, Anne W.
AU  - Pinty, Bernard
AU  - Schaaf, Crystal B.
AU  - Seiz, Gabriela
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne
T1  - The value of multiangle measurements for retrieving structurally and radiatively consistent properties of clouds, aerosols, and surfaces
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2005/09/15/
VL  - 97
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 518
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Passive optical multiangle observations make possible the retrieval of scene structural characteristics that cannot be obtained with, or require fewer underlying assumptions than, single-angle sensors. Retrievable quantities include aerosol amount over a wide variety of surfaces (including bright targets); aerosol microphysical properties such as particle shape; geometrically-derived cloud-top heights and 3-D cloud morphologies; distinctions between polar clouds and ice; and textural measures of sea ice, ice sheets, and vegetation. At the same time, multiangle data are necessary for accurate retrievals of radiative quantities such as surface and top-of-atmosphere albedos, whose magnitudes are governed by structural characteristics of the reflecting media and which involve angular integration over intrinsically anisotropic intensity fields. Measurements of directional radiation streams also provide independent checks on model assumptions conventionally used in satellite retrievals, such as the application of 1-D radiative transfer theory, and provide data required to constrain more sophisticated, 3-D approaches. In this paper, the value of multiangle remote sensing in establishing physical correspondence and self-consistency between scene structural and radiative characteristics is demonstrated using simultaneous observations from instruments aboard NASA''s Terra satellite (MISR, CERES, ASTER, and MODIS). Illustrations pertaining to the remote sensing of clouds, aerosols, ice, and vegetation properties are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ASTER
KW  - CERES
KW  - MISR
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Multiangle remote sensing
KW  - Terra
N1  - Accession Number: 18243779; Diner, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Diner@jpl.nasa.gov Braswell, Bobby H. 2 Davies, Roger 1 Gobron, Nadine 3 Hu, Jiannan 4 Jin, Yufang 5 Kahn, Ralph A. 1 Knyazikhin, Yuri 4 Loeb, Norman 6 Muller, Jan-Peter 7 Nolin, Anne W. 8 Pinty, Bernard 3 Schaaf, Crystal B. 4 Seiz, Gabriela 9 Stroeve, Julienne 10; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States  2: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States  3: Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy  4: Boston University, Boston, MA, United States  5: University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  7: University College London, London, UK  8: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States  9: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland  10: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States; Source Info: Sep2005, Vol. 97 Issue 4, p495; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ASTER; Author-Supplied Keyword: CERES; Author-Supplied Keyword: MISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiangle remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.06.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, G.
AU  - Tang, J.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Qin, L. C.
AU  - Woodson, M.
AU  - Liu, J.
AU  - Kim, J. W.
AU  - Littlehei, P. T.
AU  - Park, C.
AU  - Zhou, O.
T1  - Magnetic nanowire based high resolution magnetic force microscope probes.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/09/19/
VL  - 87
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 123507
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We report an efficient process for controlled fabrication of high-resolution magnetic force microscope probes using preformed magnetic nanowires. Nickel and cobalt nanowires produced by electrodeposition were directly assembled onto the tip of a commercial atomic force microscope cantilever with controlled orientation and length by dielectrophoresis. The properties of these nanowire-based probes are characterized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - MAGNETIC induction
KW  - MAGNETIC devices
KW  - ELECTROFORMING
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - SOLID state electronics
N1  - Accession Number: 18857063; Yang, G. 1 Tang, J. 2 Kato, S. 2 Zhang, Q. 3 Qin, L. C. 3 Woodson, M. 4 Liu, J. 4 Kim, J. W. 5 Littlehei, P. T. 6 Park, C. 7 Zhou, O. 3; Email Address: zhou@physics.unc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599  2: National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy and Curriculum in Applied and Materials Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599  4: Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708  5: Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23666  6: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, MS-226 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  7: National Institute of Aerospace, MS-226 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 9/19/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 12, p123507; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: MAGNETIC induction; Subject Term: MAGNETIC devices; Subject Term: ELECTROFORMING; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2043237
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
AU  - Mineck, Raymond E.
T1  - On Quantitative Analysis Methods for Multigrid Solutions.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2005/09/30/
VL  - 27
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - Limitations of the classical local-mode Fourier (LMF) analysis in application to multigrid solutions of variable-coefficient problems are well known. This paper introduces alternative, very general, quantitative analysis methods for multigrid solutions of partial differential equations. The methods are applied to available, nonperfect multigrid solvers that deal with practical problems. The analysis methods considered in this paper focus on the main complementary parts of a multigrid cycle: relaxation and coarse-grid correction. Tasks for these parts, e.g., error smoothing for relaxation and reduction of smooth errors for coarse-grid correction, are assumed to be assigned in advance. Idealized relaxation (IR) and idealized coarse-grid (ICG) iterations are introduced. In these iterations, one part of the cycle (relaxation for IR iterations and coarse-grid correction for ICG iterations) is replaced with an idealized imitation known to be efficient for the assigned task; its complementary part is the actual part of a two-grid cycle. The analysis compares performances of the actual cycle and idealized iterations. The IR and ICG iterations are very general and can be directly applied in the most complicated simulations including highly variable (or nonlinear) coefficients, complex geometries, and unstructured grids. The results of this analysis are not single-number estimates; they are rather convergence patterns of the iterations that may either confirm or refute expectations indicating what part of the actual solver is inefficient in carrying out the assigned task. The generality of the analysis makes it a valuable tool for analyzing complicated large-scale computational problems, where no other analysis methods are currently available. In this paper, the IR and ICG iterations are applied to model problems of progressive complexity. The analysis proved sensitive to very delicate details of the actual multigrid cycle, pointing clearly to each instance when a part of the algorithm was inefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER analysis
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - SMOOTHING (Numerical analysis)
KW  - multigrid methods
KW  - partial differential equations
KW  - quantitative analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 18415333; Diskin, Boris 1; Email Address: bdiskin@nianet.org Thomas, James L. 2; Email Address: James.L.Thomas@nasa.gov Mineck, Raymond E. 2; Email Address: Raymond.E.Mineck@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace (NIA), 144 Research Dr., Hampton, VA 23681  2: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 27 Issue 1, p108; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: SMOOTHING (Numerical analysis); Author-Supplied Keyword: multigrid methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: partial differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantitative analysis; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1137/030601521
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rupnowski, P.
AU  - Gentz, M.
AU  - Armentrout, D.
AU  - Sutter, J.K.
AU  - Kumosa, M.
T1  - The response of a woven graphite fiber/polyimide composite to aging in nitrogen
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 53
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 4555
EP  - 4565
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The mechanical response of an eight harness satin (8HS) woven T650-35/PMR-15 composite to aging in nitrogen at 315°C for up to 1000h has been investigated both experimentally and numerically. The aging stresses in the composite were numerically predicted on a meso-scale using the concept of a unit-cell. Viscoelastic, age stiffening, and volumetric shrinkage effects were considered in the simulations to describe the mechanical behavior of the neat PMR-15 polyimide at 315°C. It was found from the computations that the internal stresses in the composite increased due to aging and that the rate of the increase was not significant due to stress relaxation. The model has also shown that after 1000h the aging stresses in the composite are much smaller than the thermal residual stresses caused by manufacturing. To verify the numerical predictions, the strength and stiffness of the composite were measured as a function of aging time using the ±45° tensile test. The numerical predictions agreed with the experimental results, which demonstrated no meaningful influence of aging in nitrogen both on the strength and stiffness of the composite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - STRESS relaxation (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Physical aging
KW  - PMR-15
KW  - Residual stress
KW  - Woven graphite/polyimide composites
N1  - Accession Number: 18286098; Rupnowski, P. 1 Gentz, M. 1 Armentrout, D. 1 Sutter, J.K. 2 Kumosa, M. 1; Email Address: mkumosa@du.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Advanced Materials and Structures, Department of Engineering, University of Denver, 2390 S. York St. Denver, CO 80208, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 53 Issue 17, p4555; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: STRESS relaxation (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMR-15; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Woven graphite/polyimide composites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.06.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merrell, R.
T1  - Telemedicine in surgery.
T2  - Telemedizin in der Chirurgie.
JO  - European Surgery: ACA Acta Chirurgica Austriaca
JF  - European Surgery: ACA Acta Chirurgica Austriaca
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 270
EP  - 273
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 16828631
N1  - Accession Number: 22437196; Merrell, R. 1; Email Address: ronald.merrell@vcu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Medical Informatics and Technology Applications Consortium, National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p270; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10353-005-0179-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crumpler, L. S.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell, III, J. F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Cabrol, N. A.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - DesMarais, D. J.
AU  - Farmer, J. D.
AU  - Fergason, R.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Grant, F. D.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Greeley, R.
AU  - Hahn, B.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Hurowitz, J. A.
AU  - Knudson, A. T.
AU  - Landis, G. A.
AU  - Li, R.
T1  - Mars Exploration Rover Geologic traverse by the Spirit rover in the Plains of Gusev Crater, Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 33
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 812
SN  - 00917613
AB  - The Spirit rover completed a 2.5 km traverse across gently sloping plains on the floor of Gusev crater from its location on the outer rim of Bonneville crater to the lower slopes of the Columbia Hills, Mars. Using the Athena suite of instruments in a transect approach, a systematic series of overlapping panoramic mosaics, remote sensing observations, sure face analyses, and trenching operations documented the lateral variations in landforms, geologic materials, and chemistry of the surface throughout the traverse, demonstrating the ability to apply the techniques of field geology by remote rover operations. Textures and shapes of rocks within the plains are consistent with derivation from impact excavation and mixing of the upper few meters of basaltic lavas. The contact between sure rounding plains and crater ejecta is generally abrupt and marked by increases in clast abundance and decimeter-scale steps in relief. Basaltic materials of the plains overlie less indurated and more altered rock types at a time-stratigraphic contact between the plains and Columbia Hills that occurs over a distance of one to two meters. This implies that regional geologic contacts are well preserved and that Earth-like field geologic mapping will be possible on Mars despite eons of overturn by small impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - PLAINS
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - LAVA
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - field geology
KW  - geotraverse
KW  - Mars
KW  - planetary geology
KW  - rover
N1  - Accession Number: 18500786; Crumpler, L. S. 1 Squyres, S. W. 2 Arvidson, R. E. 3 Bell, III, J. F. 1 Blaney, D. 4 Cabrol, N. A. 5 Christensen, P. R. 6 DesMarais, D. J. 7 Farmer, J. D. 6 Fergason, R. 6 Golombek, M. P. 4 Grant, F. D. 6 Grant, J. A. 8 Greeley, R. 6 Hahn, B. 9 Herkenhoff, K. E. 10 Hurowitz, J. A. 9 Knudson, A. T. 6 Landis, G. A. 7 Li, R. 11; Affiliation:  1: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87104, USA.  2: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA.  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130.  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA.  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames/Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.  6: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA.  7: National Space and Aeronautics Administration (NASA) Ames/Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.  8: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.  9: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA.  10: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA.  11: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 33 Issue 10, p809; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: PLAINS; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: LAVA; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: field geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: geotraverse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: rover; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G21673.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - White, Michael
T1  - Modeling the interannual variability and trends in gross and net primary productivity of tropical forests from 1982 to 1999
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 286
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Abstract: The role of tropical ecosystems in global carbon cycling is uncertain, at least partially due to an incomplete understanding of climatic forcings of carbon fluxes. To reduce this uncertainty, we simulated and analyzed 1982–1999 Amazonian, African, and Asian carbon fluxes using the Biome-BGC prognostic carbon cycle model driven by National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis daily climate data. We first characterized the individual contribution of temperature, precipitation, radiation, and vapor pressure deficit to interannual variations in carbon fluxes and then calculated trends in gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP). In tropical ecosystems, variations in solar radiation and, to a lesser extent, temperature and precipitation, explained most interannual variation in GPP. On the other hand, temperature followed by solar radiation primarily determined variation in NPP. Tropical GPP gradually increased in response to increasing atmospheric CO2. Confirming earlier studies, changes in solar radiation played a dominant role in CO2 uptake over the Amazon relative to other tropical regions. Model results showed negligible impacts from variations and trends in precipitation or vapor pressure deficits on CO2 uptake. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - BIOLOGICAL productivity
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - climate change
KW  - gross primary productivity
KW  - net primary productivity
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem
KW  - tropical forest
N1  - Accession Number: 18343463; Ichii, Kazuhito 1; Email Address: kichii@arc.nasa.gov Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2 Nemani, Ramakrishna 3 White, Michael 4; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA  2: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA  4: Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p274; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL productivity; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: net primary productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical forest; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.02.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalton, J.B.
AU  - Prieto-Ballesteros, O.
AU  - Kargel, J.S.
AU  - Jamieson, C.S.
AU  - Jolivet, J.
AU  - Quinn, R.
T1  - Spectral comparison of heavily hydrated salts with disrupted terrains on Europa
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 177
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 490
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Hydrated magnesium sulfate salts have been proposed as major components of the disrupted, reddish terrains on the surface of Europa. This is based on near-infrared reflectance spectra which contain distorted and asymmetric water absorption features typical of moderately hydrated materials such as hexahydrite (MgSO4⋅6H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4⋅7H2O). Hydrated magnesium sulfates having many waters of hydration could produce improved spectral matches. Here we present cryogenic laboratory spectra of highly hydrated sulfur-bearing salts, including hexahydrite, epsomite, bloedite (Na2Mg(SO4)2⋅4H2O), mirabilite (Na2SO4⋅10H2O), sodium sulfide nonahydrate (Na2S⋅9H2O), supersaturated MgSO4, NaHCO3, and Na2SO4 brines, and magnesium sulfate dodecahydrate (MgSO4⋅12H2O). All have been measured under conditions of pressure and temperature appropriate to the surface environment of Europa. Novel methods for preparation, verification and analysis of MgSO4⋅12H2O, which is not stable at standard temperature and pressure (STP), are described. At 100 K, all of these materials exhibit distorted and asymmetric absorption features similar to those in the Europa observations, as well as several weaker, narrow absorptions having widths ranging from 15 to 80 nm. While the agreement with Galileo NIMS observations of dark terrains on Europa is indeed better for highly hydrated salts than for salts of lower hydration states, we conclude that none of these materials alone can account for all of the observed spectral character. As previously suggested, Europa''s reddish material appears to be a complex mixture of sulfate hydrates and other materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
KW  - HYDRATES
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Europa
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 18626063; Dalton, J.B. 1; Email Address: dalton@mail.arc.nasa.gov Prieto-Ballesteros, O. 2 Kargel, J.S. 3 Jamieson, C.S. 4 Jolivet, J. 5 Quinn, R. 6; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC/INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain  3: Astrogeology Branch, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  4: University of Hawai'i, Manoa, 2545 McCarthy Hall, Honolulu, HI 96822-2275, USA  5: Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX 77004, USA  6: SETI Institute, MS 239-12, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 177 Issue 2, p472; Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Subject Term: HYDRATES; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Europa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.02.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
AU  - Faircloth, Daniel L.
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar D.
T1  - Comparison of Two Optimization Techniques for the Estimation of Complex Permittivities of Multilayered Structures Using Waveguide Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 53
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3254
EP  - 3259
SN  - 00189480
AB  - In this paper, two separate techniques, i.e., sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and a genetic algorithm (GA), were used to estimate the complex permittivity of each layer in a multilayer composite structure. The relative performance of the algorithms was characterized by applying each algorithm to one of three different error functions. Computer generated S-parameter data sets were initially used in order to establish the achievable accuracy of each algorithm. Based on these data sets and S-parameter measurements of single and multilayer samples obtained using a standard X-band waveguide procedure, the GA was determined to be the more robust algorithm in terms of minimizing rms error of measured/generated and formulated S-parameters. The GA was found to perform exceptionally well for all cases considered, whereas SQP, although a more computationally efficient method, was somewhat limited for two error function choices due to local minima trapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUADRATIC programming
KW  - NONLINEAR programming
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - COMBINATORIAL analysis
KW  - Genetic algorithm (GA)
KW  - multilayered substrate
KW  - permittivity extraction
KW  - sequential quadratic programming (SQP).
N1  - Accession Number: 18784942; Baginski, Michael E. 1 Faircloth, Daniel L. 1 Deshpande, Manohar D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849 USA.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 53 Issue 10, p3254; Subject Term: QUADRATIC programming; Subject Term: NONLINEAR programming; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetic algorithm (GA); Author-Supplied Keyword: multilayered substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: permittivity extraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: sequential quadratic programming (SQP).; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2005.855133
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cowings, Patricia S.
AU  - Toscano, William B.
AU  - Timbers, Ann
AU  - Casey, Christopher
AU  - Hufnagel, John
T1  - Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise: A Treatment for Airsickness in Military Pilots.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 412
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - In this article, we present physiological data from 2 male pilots who completed a 6-hr training program for control of motion sickness at National Aeronautic and Space Administration Ames Research Center. The program consisted of an Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise in which research participants learn through operant conditioning techniques to regulate several physiological responses to suppress their symptoms. We evaluated training progress during rotating-chair motion sickness tests. We assessed motion sickness tolerance by calculating the number of cumulative rotations that research participants were able to achieve in the rotating chair prior to reaching their major malaise endpoint. We rated motion sickness symptoms using a standard diagnostic scale. We obtained physiological data from one pilot during a training flight in an F–18 aircraft after completion of his training. Results demonstrate a significant increase in tolerance to laboratory-induced motion sickness tests and a reduction in autonomic nervous system response levels following training. During subsequent flight qualification tests on F–18 and T–38 aircraft, both pilots were successful at controlling their airsickness and were returned to active flight status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOTION sickness
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Study & teaching
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18598851; Cowings, Patricia S. 1; Email Address: patricia.s.cowings@nasa.gov Toscano, William B. 1 Timbers, Ann 1 Casey, Christopher 2 Hufnagel, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: Education Associates Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p395; Subject Term: MOTION sickness; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1207/s15327108ijap1504_6
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18598851&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xinghua Wang
AU  - Bin Wang
AU  - Bos, Philip J.
AU  - McManamon, Paul F.
AU  - Pouch, John J.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Anderson, James E.
T1  - Modeling and design of an optimized liquid-crystal optical phased array.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2005/10//10/1/2005
VL  - 98
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 073101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - In this paper, the physics that determines the performance limits of a diffractive optical element based on a liquid-crystal (LC) optical phased array (OPA) is investigated by numerical modeling. The influence of the fringing electric fields, the LC material properties, and the voltage optimization process is discussed. General design issues related to the LC OPA configuration, the diffraction angle, and the diffraction efficiency are discussed. A design for a wide-angle LC OPA is proposed for high-efficiency laser beam steering. This work provides fundamental understanding for a light beam deflected by a diffractive liquid-crystal device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID crystals
KW  - OPTICAL phase conjugation
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - DIFFRACTION patterns
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 18617018; Xinghua Wang 1 Bin Wang 1 Bos, Philip J. 1; Email Address: pbos@lci.kent.edu McManamon, Paul F. 2 Pouch, John J. 3 Miranda, Felix A. 3 Anderson, James E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242  2: Air Force Research Lab, Dayton, Ohio 45424  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Hana Microdisplay Technologies, Inc., Twinsburg, Ohio 44087; Source Info: 10/1/2005, Vol. 98 Issue 7, p073101; Subject Term: LIQUID crystals; Subject Term: OPTICAL phase conjugation; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: DIFFRACTION patterns; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 10 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2071450
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Myers, Dwight L.
AU  - Copland, Evan H.
T1  - Thermodynamics of gas phase species in the Si–O–H system
JO  - Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 37
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1130
EP  - 1137
SN  - 00219614
AB  - Abstract: The transpiration method was used to study the reaction of SiO2 (cristobalite) with water vapor. Measurements were made between T =(1073 and 1728) K with water vapor contents from (0.05 to 0.6) by volume fraction in argon. From the results, the thermodynamic parameters for Si(OH)4(g) and SiO(OH)2(g) were determined. At T =(1073 to 1373) K, Si(OH)4 is the primary vapor species and second law measurements lead to Δf H ∘(1200 K)=(−1344.6±2.7) kJ·mol−1 and S ∘(1200 K)=(544.4±2.1) J·mol−1 ·K−1. Third law measurements lead to Δf H ∘(298 K)=(−1351.3±1.7) kJ·mol−1. These are in very good agreement with previous measurements and previous ab initio calculations. At T =(1673 and 1728) K, there is evidence of a second vapor species, SiO(OH)2(g). By subtracting the extrapolated Si(OH)4(g) pressure, it was possible to do a third law analysis and obtain a Δf H ∘(298 K) for SiO(OH)2(g) of (−836±40) kJ·mol−1. Previous measurements and ab initio calculations are within this range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - ARGON
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - Silica
KW  - Silicon hydroxide
KW  - Silicon oxy-hydroxide
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - Transpiration
KW  - Vapors
N1  - Accession Number: 18160300; Jacobson, Nathan S. 1; Email Address: nathan.s.jacobson@nasa.gov Opila, Elizabeth J. 1 Myers, Dwight L. 2 Copland, Evan H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 106-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: East Central University, Ada, OK 74820, USA  3: Case Western Reserve University/NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 37 Issue 10, p1130; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: ARGON; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon hydroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon oxy-hydroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transpiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vapors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jct.2005.02.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chorpening, Ben
AU  - Richards, Geo. A.
AU  - Casleton, Kent H.
AU  - Woike, Mark
AU  - Willis, Brian
AU  - Hoffman, Larry
T1  - Demonstration of a Reheat Combustor for Power Production With CO2 Sequestration.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 127
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 740
EP  - 747
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Concerns about climate change have encouraged significant interest in concepts for ultralow or "zero "-emissions power generation systems. In a concept proposed by Clean Energy Systems, Inc., nitrogen is removed from the combustion air and replaced with steam diluent. In this way, formation of nitrogen oxides is prevented, and the exhaust stream can be separated into concentrated CO2 and water streams. The concentrated CO2 stream could then serve as input to a CO2 sequestration process. In this study, experimental data are reported from a full-scale combustion test using steam as the diluent in oxy-fuel combustion. This combustor represents the "reheat" combustion system in a steam cycle that uses a high and low-pressure steam expansion. The reheat combustor serves to raise the temperature of the low-pressure steam turbine inlet, similar to the reheat stage of a conventional steam power cycle. Unlike a conventional steam cycle, the reheat enthalpy is actually generated by oxygen-fuel combustion in the steam flow. This paper reports on the unique design aspects of this combustor, as well as initial emissions and operating performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - ELECTRIC power production
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - NITROGEN oxides
N1  - Accession Number: 18863366; Chorpening, Ben 1; Email Address: Benjamin.chorpening@netl.doe.gov Richards, Geo. A. 1 Casleton, Kent H. 1 Woike, Mark 2,3 Willis, Brian 2 Hoffman, Larry 4; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, Morgantown, WV 26507-0880  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Plum Brook Station, Sandusky, OH 44870  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  4: Clean Energy Systems, Inc., Rancho Cordova, CA 95742-7500; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 127 Issue 4, p740; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: ELECTRIC power production; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1924633
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forth, S. C.
AU  - Annigeri, B. S.
AU  - Keat, W. D.
T1  - Life Prediction for Complex Structures.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 127
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 814
EP  - 819
SN  - 07424795
AB  - The surface integral method, an indirect boundary element method that represents a crack as a distribution of force dipoles, has been developed to model three-dimensional non-planar crack growth in complex structures. The finite body was effectively modeled by superposition of stress influence functions for a half-space. As a result of this strategy, only the fracture has to be discretized. Crack propagation was modeled using the maximum circumferential stress theory to predict crack direction and the Forman fatigue equation, modified with an equivalent stress intensity solution for mixed-mode, to predict extension. Comparisons with benchmark solutions and field data verified the computational methodology and defined the limits of its applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY element methods
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
N1  - Accession Number: 18863374; Forth, S. C. 1 Annigeri, B. S. 2 Keat, W. D. 3; Affiliation:  1: United Technologies Research Center, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Two West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23682  2: United Technologies Research Center, MS 129-73, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, CT 06108  3: Mechanical Engineering Department, Union College, Steinmetz Hall, Schenectady, NY 12308; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 127 Issue 4, p814; Subject Term: BOUNDARY element methods; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.1448330
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18863374&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Dongming Zhu
AU  - Miller, Robert A.
T1  - Effect of Sintering on Mechanical Properties of Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia-Based Thermal Barrier Coatings.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 88
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2859
EP  - 2867
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The effect of sintering on the mechanical properties of free-standing, plasma-sprayed ZrO2–8 wt% Y2O3 thick thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) was determined after annealing at 1316°C in air. Mechanical properties of the TBCs, including flexure strength, modes I and II fracture toughnesses, constitutive relations, elastic modulus, and microhardness, were determined at ambient temperature as a function of annealing time ranging from 0 to 500 h. In addition, some physical properties such as density and phase stability were also determined. Mechanical and physical properties increased significantly in 5–100 h and then reached a plateau above 100 h. An exception to this was the monoclinic phase that increased monotonically without forming a plateau. Annealing resulted in healing of microcracks and pores, and in grain growth, accompanying densification of the TBC's body because of the sintering effect. However, an inevitable adverse effect also occurred such that the desired lower thermal conductivity and good strain-tolerant capability, which makes the TBCs unique in thermal barrier applications, were degraded upon annealing. A phenomenological model was proposed to assess and quantify all the property variables in response to annealing in a normalized scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - THERMAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 18221037; Choi, Sung R. 1; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Dongming Zhu 1 Miller, Robert A. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 88 Issue 10, p2859; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00504.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18221037&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cleek, Tammy M.
AU  - Whalen, Robert T.
T1  - Effect of Activity and Age on Long Bones Using a New Densitometric Technique.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 37
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1806
EP  - 1813
SN  - 01959131
AB  - Introduction: Long bone structural parameters such as cross-sectional area or area moments of inertia are useful measures of long bone mechanical properties. We implemented a three-scan densitometric method to measure structural parameters in long bones of the lower leg in vivo. The validated method was applied to investigate the relationship between activity level, age, and long bone structural parameters in women. Methods: An aluminum phantom was used to estimate in vivo setup accuracy. In vivo precision was determined by same-day repeated measures on human subjects. For the activity study, women were recruited in two age groups (25-35, 60+yr) and two activity levels (recreational runners, nonrunners). Scans were taken of the middle third of the lower right leg; structural parameters for the tibia and fibula were determined at each scan line, averaged over the section, and adjusted by factors accounting for body size variations. Results: Aluminum phantom cross-sectional area was underestimated by 4-6%, principal moments were underestimated by <5%, and principal angles were within ±1.2°. In vivo precision results (lower energy, scans spanning 60°) indicated coefficients of variation for cross-sectional area (A), principal moments of inertia (Imax, Imin), and polar moment of inertia (J) of 0.52, 5.87, 2.22, and 3.82%, respectively. The activity study showed mean adjusted tibial A, Imax, Imin, and J were significantly higher in runners compared with nonrunners. There was no dependence on age. Conclusions: A three-scan densitometric method for measuring cross-sectional structural parameters in long bones in vivo was validated; accuracy and precision measurements establishes confidence limits. From the activity study results, we postulate that higher loads associated with running lead to increased cross-sectional parameters to support axial loads, bending, and torsion in the tibia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BONE densitometry
KW  - HUMAN body composition
KW  - AGE groups
KW  - BODY size
KW  - STRESS (Physiology)
KW  - CALCIUM in the body
KW  - Geometry
KW  - Running
KW  - Structural Properties
KW  - Tibia
KW  - X-ray Absorptiometry
N1  - Accession Number: 18940745; Cleek, Tammy M. 1; Email Address: Tammy.Cleek@flinders.edu.au Whalen, Robert T. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Informatics and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, AUSTRALIA.  2: Musculoskeletal Biomechanics Laboratory, NASA Ames Research. Center, Moffett Field, CA.; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 37 Issue 10, p1806; Subject Term: BONE densitometry; Subject Term: HUMAN body composition; Subject Term: AGE groups; Subject Term: BODY size; Subject Term: STRESS (Physiology); Subject Term: CALCIUM in the body; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Running; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural Properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tibia; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray Absorptiometry; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1249/01.mss.0000181836.81494.58
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, Norman P.
T1  - Compositionally tuned lasers: Practical lasers at designer wavelengths
JO  - Optical Materials
JF  - Optical Materials
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 27
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1653
EP  - 1657
SN  - 09253467
AB  - Abstract: A general need exists for practical solid state lasers at particular wavelengths. For NASA, these particular wavelengths are needed for remote sensing of atmospheric constituents such as water vapor and green house gasses. Transition metal solid state lasers can be widely tuned, however, they usually possess a relatively short upper laser level lifetime or a relatively small emission cross section. Either of these parameters can limit the practicality of transition metal lasers. On the other hand, lanthanide series solid state lasers have attractive upper laser level lifetimes and emission cross sections, however they have narrow tuning ranges. This problem is solved by utilizing the concept of compositional tuning of lanthanide series lasers. Compositional tuning effects, including the tuning range, are predicted using quantum mechanical calculations. They are also experimentally verified by means of spectroscopic measurements. Practical examples for two lanthanide series lasers that were compositionally tuned to a preselected water vapor absorption feature are presented. Both flash lamp pumped and diode pumped laser results are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - LASERS
KW  - RARE earth metals
KW  - NONLINEAR optics
N1  - Accession Number: 18233908; Barnes, Norman P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 27 Issue 11, p1653; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: RARE earth metals; Subject Term: NONLINEAR optics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.optmat.2004.11.053
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ierotheou, C.S.
AU  - Jin, H.
AU  - Matthews, G.
AU  - Johnson, S.P.
AU  - Hood, R.
T1  - Generating OpenMP code using an interactive parallelization environment
JO  - Parallel Computing
JF  - Parallel Computing
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 31
IS  - 10-12
M3  - Article
SP  - 999
EP  - 1012
SN  - 01678191
AB  - Abstract: Code parallelization using OpenMP for shared memory systems is relatively easier than using message passing for distributed memory systems. Despite this, it is still a challenge to use OpenMP to parallelize application codes in a way that yields effective scalable performance when executed on a shared memory parallel system. We describe an environment that will assist the programmer in the various tasks of code parallelization and this is achieved in a greatly reduced time frame and level of skill required. The parallelization environment includes a number of tools that address the main tasks of parallelism detection, OpenMP source code generation, debugging and optimization. These tools include a high quality, fully interprocedural dependence analysis with user interaction capabilities to facilitate the generation of efficient parallel code, an automatic relative debugging tool to identify erroneous user decisions in that interaction and also performance profiling to identify bottlenecks. Finally, experiences of parallelizing some NASA application codes are presented to illustrate some of the benefits of using the evolving environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Parallel Computing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - SOURCE code (Computer science)
KW  - PRODUCTION scheduling
KW  - COMPUTER files
KW  - Code parallelization tools
KW  - Interactive parallelization environment
KW  - OpenMP code generation
KW  - Parallel debugger
N1  - Accession Number: 19058179; Ierotheou, C.S. 1; Email Address: c.ierotheou@gre.ac.uk Jin, H. 2 Matthews, G. 2 Johnson, S.P. 1 Hood, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Parallel Processing Research Group, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 31 Issue 10-12, p999; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: SOURCE code (Computer science); Subject Term: PRODUCTION scheduling; Subject Term: COMPUTER files; Author-Supplied Keyword: Code parallelization tools; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interactive parallelization environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP code generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel debugger; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.parco.2005.03.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shariff, Karim
AU  - Meng Wang
T1  - A numerical experiment to determine whether surface shear-stress fluctuations are a true sound source.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 17
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 107105
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The sound generated due to a localized flow over a large (compared to the acoustic wavelength) plane no-slip wall is considered. It has been known since 1960 that for inviscid flow the pressure, while appearing to be a source of dipole sound in a formal solution to the Lighthill equation, is, in fact, not a true dipole source, but rather represents the surface reflection of volume quadrupoles. The subject of the present work—namely, whether a similar surface shear stress term constitutes a true source of dipole sound—has been controversial. Some have boldly assumed it to be a true source and have used it to calculate the noise in boundary-layer flows. Others have argued that, like the surface pressure, the surface shear stress is not a valid source of sound but rather represents a propagation effect. Here, a numerical experiment is undertaken to investigate the issue. A portion of an otherwise static wall is oscillated tangentially in an acoustically compact region to create shear stress fluctuations. The resulting sound field, computed directly from the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, is nearly dipolar and its amplitude agrees with an acoustic analogy prediction that regards the surface shear as acoustically compact and as a true source of sound. However, there is a correction that becomes noticeable for observers near wall-grazing angles as the computational domain size Ld along the wall is increased. An estimate, validated by the simulations, shows that as Ld→∞ the correction to the sound in the Fraunhofer zone is proportional to δbl/λ (the ratio of oscillatory boundary-layer thickness to acoustic wavelength) times a directivity factor that becomes large at angles close to grazing. For observers at such angles, Lighthill’s acoustic analogy does not apply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SOUND
N1  - Accession Number: 18737328; Shariff, Karim 1 Meng Wang 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA/Stanford Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford, California 94305; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 17 Issue 10, p107105; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SOUND; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2112747
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hesse, Michael
AU  - Kuznetsova, Masha
AU  - Schindler, Karl
AU  - Birn, Joachim
T1  - Three-dimensional modeling of electron quasiviscous dissipation in guide-field magnetic reconnection.
JO  - Physics of Plasmas
JF  - Physics of Plasmas
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 100704
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 1070664X
AB  - A numerical study of guide-field magnetic reconnection in a three-dimensional model is presented. Starting from an initial, perturbed, force-free current sheet, it is shown that reconnection develops to an almost translationally invariant state, where magnetic perturbations are aligned primarily along the main current flow direction. An analysis of guide-field and electron flow signatures indicates behavior that is very similar to earlier, albeit not three-dimensional, simulations. Furthermore, a detailed investigation of electron pressure nongyrotropies in the central diffusion region confirms the major role the associated dissipation process plays in establishing the reconnection electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Plasmas is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC reconnection
KW  - ELECTRICITY
KW  - ELECTRONS -- Diffusion
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 18737400; Hesse, Michael 1 Kuznetsova, Masha 1 Schindler, Karl 2 Birn, Joachim 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771  2: Ruhr-Universität, 44780 Bochum, Germany  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p100704; Subject Term: MAGNETIC reconnection; Subject Term: ELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ELECTRONS -- Diffusion; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2114350
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, H.D.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - Drilling in ancient permafrost on Mars for evidence of a second genesis of life
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/10//
VL  - 53
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1302
EP  - 1308
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: If life ever existed on Mars, a key question is the genetic relationship of that life to life on Earth. To determine if Martian life represents a separate, second genesis of life requires the analysis of organisms, not fossils. Ancient permafrost on Mars represents one potential source of intact, albeit probably dead by radiation, Martian organisms. Strong crustal magnetism in the ancient heavily cratered southern highlands between 60 and 80°S and at about 180°W indicates what may be the oldest, best preserved ice-rich permafrost on Mars. Drilling to depths of 1000m would reach samples unaffected by possible warming due to cyclic changes in Mars’ obliquity. When drilling into the permafrost to retrieve ancient intact Martian organisms, it is necessary to take special precautions to avoid the possibility of contamination. Earth permafrost provides an analog for Martian permafrost and convenient sites for instrument development and field testing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERMAFROST
KW  - FROZEN ground
KW  - GENETICS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Ice
KW  - Mars
KW  - Search for life
N1  - Accession Number: 18285127; Smith, H.D. 1,2; Email Address: hdsmith@mail.arc.nasa.gov McKay, C.P. 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: International Space University, Strasbourg, France  3: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 53 Issue 12, p1302; Subject Term: PERMAFROST; Subject Term: FROZEN ground; Subject Term: GENETICS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search for life; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2005.07.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chubb, Donald L.
AU  - Wolford, David S.
T1  - Dual layer selective emitter.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/10/03/
VL  - 87
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 141907
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A selective emitter consisting of two layers separated by a vacuum is analyzed. The bottom layer consists of a selective emitting material such as a rare earth containing crystal on a metal substrate. The top layer, which blocks long wavelength radiation, is a window such as sapphire with a deposited metal film. As a result of reduced long wavelength emission, the theoretical analysis shows that the emitter efficiency can be increased by nearly a factor of 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
KW  - RARE earth metals
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - SOLAR power plants
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18856860; Chubb, Donald L. 1; Email Address: Donald.L.Chubb@nasa.gov Wolford, David S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 10/3/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 14, p141907; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems; Subject Term: RARE earth metals; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: SOLAR power plants; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2077853
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
T1  - Palaeobiology: Sea change in sediments.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/10/06/
VL  - 437
IS  - 7060
M3  - Article
SP  - 826
EP  - 827
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Examines the microorganisms that were the sole forms of life on the early Earth survived billions of years of profound environmental change. Adaptability of the microorganisms on an ocean floor; Geochemical evidence of changes in the composition of Earth's oceans and atmosphere that occurred over a long period around two billion years ago; Use of the reduced inorganic compounds to harvest energy for the synthesis of their cellular constituents.
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Development
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - DEVELOPMENTAL biology
KW  - GLOBAL environmental change
KW  - ECOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 18506930; Des Marais, David J. 1; Email Address: david.j.desmarais@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch and the NASA Astrobiology Institute, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 10/6/2005, Vol. 437 Issue 7060, p826; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Development; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: DEVELOPMENTAL biology; Subject Term: GLOBAL environmental change; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/437826b
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hasanyan, Davresh
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Qin, Zhanming
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - Magneto-thermo-elastokinetics of geometrically nonlinear laminated composite plates. Part 1: foundation of the theory
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/10/07/
VL  - 287
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 175
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: A fully coupled magneto-thermo-elastokinetic model of laminated composite, finitely electroconductive plates incorporating geometrical nonlinearities and subjected to a combination of magnetic and thermal fields, as well as carrying an electrical current is developed. In this context, the first-order transversely shearable plate theory in conjunction with von-Kármán geometrically nonlinear strain concept is adopted. Related to the distribution of electric and magnetic field disturbances within the plate, the assumptions proposed by Ambartsumyan and his collaborators are adopted. Based on the electromagnetic equations (i.e. the ones by Faraday, Ampre, Ohm, Maxwell and Lorentz), the modified Fourier''s law of heat conduction and on the elastokinetic field equations, the 3-D coupled problem is reduced to an equivalent 2-D one. The theory developed herein provides a foundation for the investigation, both analytical and numerical, of the interacting effects among the magnetic, thermal and elastic fields in multi-layered thin plates made of anisotropic materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - MAGNETICS
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
N1  - Accession Number: 18156506; Hasanyan, Davresh 1 Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Qin, Zhanming 1 Ambur, Damodar R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, USA  2: Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 287 Issue 1/2, p153; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: MAGNETICS; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.10.050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qin, Zhanming
AU  - Hasanyan, Davresh
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - Magneto-thermo-elastokinetics of geometrically nonlinear laminated composite plates. Part 2: vibration and wave propagation
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/10/07/
VL  - 287
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 201
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: In Part 1 of this paper, the governing equations of geometrically nonlinear, anisotropic composite plates incorporating magneto-thermo-elastic effects have been derived. In order to gain insight into the implications of a number of geometrical and physical features of the system, three special cases are investigated: (i) free vibration of a plate strip immersed in a transversal magnetic field; (ii) free vibration of the plate strip immersed in an axial magnetic field; (iii) magneto-elastic wave propagations of an infinite plate. Within each of these cases, a prescribed uniform thermal field is considered. Special coupling characteristics between the magnetic and elastic fields are put into evidence. Extensive numerical investigations are conducted and pertinent conclusions which highlight the various effects induced by the magneto-elastic couplings and the finite electroconductivity, are outlined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTIC waves
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - MAGNETICS
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 18156507; Qin, Zhanming 1 Hasanyan, Davresh 1 Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Ambur, Damodar R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Mail Code (0219), 219 Norris Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, USA  2: Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 287 Issue 1/2, p177; Subject Term: ELASTIC waves; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MAGNETICS; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2004.10.053
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bataille, F.
AU  - Rubinstein, R.
AU  - Hussaini, M.Y.
T1  - Eddy viscosity and diffusivity modeling
JO  - Physics Letters A
JF  - Physics Letters A
Y1  - 2005/10/10/
VL  - 346
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 168
EP  - 173
SN  - 03759601
AB  - Abstract: The standard Smagorinsky subgrid scale model for large eddy simulation can be derived from turbulent eddy viscosity models by assuming that the unresolved scales exhibit a Kolmogorov energy spectrum. The present work provides a general framework for developing eddy viscosity and corresponding subgrid models for flow problems in which Kolmogorov scaling cannot be assumed because additional physical mechanisms strongly modify the turbulence dynamics. Examples of such mechanisms include externally imposed time scales, compressibility, and intermittency. The general formalism is also applied to the turbulent thermal diffusivity. In special cases, this approach yields models that agree with those existing in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physics Letters A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - HIGH pressure (Science)
KW  - 47.11.+j
KW  - 47.27.Eq
KW  - Eddy diffusivity
KW  - Eddy viscosity
KW  - Subgrid model
N1  - Accession Number: 18304445; Bataille, F. 1 Rubinstein, R. 2; Email Address: r.rubinstein@larc.nasa.gov Hussaini, M.Y. 3; Affiliation:  1: Centre de Thermique de Lyon, UMR CNRS 5008, Bat. S. Carnot, 69621 Villeurbanne cedex, France  2: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4120, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 346 Issue 1-3, p168; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Science); Author-Supplied Keyword: 47.11.+j; Author-Supplied Keyword: 47.27.Eq; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy diffusivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy viscosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subgrid model; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.07.074
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harker, David E.
AU  - Woodward, Charles E.
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
T1  - The Dust Grains from 9P/Tempel 1 Before and After the Encounter with Deep Impact.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/10/14/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5746
M3  - Article
SP  - 278
EP  - 280
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Gemini-N observed the properties of dust ejected from the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1 before and after its encounter with Deep Impact. Marked changes were seen in the 7.8- to 13-micrometer spectral energy distribution and derived grain properties of the inner coma. A strong, broad silicate feature dominated by emission from amorphous pyroxene, amorphous olivine, and magnesium-rich crystalline olivine had developed by 1 hour after impact. The ejected dust mass is ≅10[sup 4] to 10[sup 6] kilograms on the basis of our models. Twenty-six hours later the silicate feature had faded, leaving a smooth featureless spectrum, similar to that observed before the impact, suggesting that the impact did not produce a new active region releasing small particles on the nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY
KW  - ASTROTOMOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 18673123; Harker, David E. 1; Email Address: dharker@ucsd.edu Woodward, Charles E. 2 Wooden, Diane H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Department 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA.  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 10/14/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5746, p278; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ASTROTOMOGRAPHY; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amador, José J.
T1  - Sequential clustering by statistical methodology
JO  - Pattern Recognition Letters
JF  - Pattern Recognition Letters
Y1  - 2005/10/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2152
EP  - 2163
SN  - 01678655
AB  - Abstract: To overcome the limitation of requiring the cluster threshold with the parametric approach, this paper presents a clustering constraint which first considers an estimate of the global distribution. The clustering process moves from local clusters identifying the data globally to larger clusters with a specified density function. Merging then occurs to provide a statistically supported representation of the data. A hashing-based sequential clustering algorithm is introduced which utilizes the initial and merging constraints. Experimental data shows the methods effectiveness at classifying varying cluster shapes and sizes when compared to recent clustering techniques. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Pattern Recognition Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - CHARACTERISTIC functions
KW  - Clustering
KW  - Gaussian distribution
KW  - Hashing
KW  - Sequential algorithms
N1  - Accession Number: 18341594; Amador, José J. 1; Email Address: jose.j.amador@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/John F. Kennedy Space Center, VA-E1, KSC, FL 32899, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 26 Issue 14, p2152; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CHARACTERISTIC functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hashing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sequential algorithms; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.patrec.2005.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malkova, Natalia
AU  - Ning, C. Z.
T1  - Photonic crystal waveguides with acute bending angles.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/10/17/
VL  - 87
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 161113
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We propose and study photonic crystal waveguides with bending angles smaller than 90°. The waveguide is formed by coupled defect cavities. To achieve a reflectionless transmission through an acute angle, we surround the defects in the bends with distorted cells having a prescribed symmetry. Detailed analysis and numerical simulation confirm that the transmission through the acute bend can be increased by two orders of magnitude to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC waves
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - BENDING (Metalwork)
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18650143; Malkova, Natalia 1; Email Address: nmalkova@mail.arc.nasa.gov Ning, C. Z. 1; Email Address: cning@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 10/17/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 16, p161113; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC waves; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: BENDING (Metalwork); Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2105994
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Connerney, J. E. P.
AU  - Acuña, M. H.
AU  - Ness, N. F.
AU  - Kletetschka, G.
AU  - Mitchell, D. L.
AU  - Lin, R. P.
AU  - Reme, H.
T1  - Tectonic implications of Mars crustal magnetism.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2005/10/18/
VL  - 102
IS  - 42
M3  - Article
SP  - 14970
EP  - 14975
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Mars currently has no global magnetic field of internal origin but must have had one in the past, when the crust acquired intense magnetization, presumably by cooling in the presence of an Earth-like magnetic field (thermoremanent magnetization). A new map of the magnetic field of Mars, compiled by using measurements acquired at an ≈400-km mapping altitude by the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, is presented here. The increased spatial resolution and sensitivity of this map provide new insight into the origin and evolution of the Mars crust. Variations in the crustal magnetic field appear in association with major faults, some previously identified in imagery and topography (Cerberus Rupes and Valles Marineris). Two parallel great faults are identified in Terra Meridiani by offset magnetic field contours. They appear similar to transform faults that occur in oceanic crust on Earth, and support the notion that the Mars crust formed during an early era of plate tectonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIZATION
KW  - MAGNETISM
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - FERROMAGNETISM
KW  - GEODYNAMICS
KW  - PLATE tectonics
KW  - magnetic
KW  - planetary
KW  - plate tectonics
N1  - Accession Number: 19160231; Connerney, J. E. P. 1; Email Address: jack.connerney@nasa.gov Acuña, M. H. 1 Ness, N. F. 2; Email Address: nfnudel@yahoo.com Kletetschka, G. 1,3 Mitchell, D. L. 4 Lin, R. P. 4 Reme, H. 5; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.  2: University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716.  3: Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064.  4: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720.  5: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.; Source Info: 10/18/2005, Vol. 102 Issue 42, p14970; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: GEODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PLATE tectonics; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary; Author-Supplied Keyword: plate tectonics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0507469102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Griffith, C. A.
AU  - Penteado, P.
AU  - Baines, K.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Barnes, J.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.
AU  - Brown, R.
AU  - Buratti, B.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Clark, R.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.
AU  - McCord, T.
T1  - The Evolution of Titan's Mid-Latitude Clouds.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/10/21/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5747
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
EP  - 477
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal that the horizontal structure, height, and optical depth of Titan's clouds are highly dynamic. Vigorous cloud centers are seen to rise from the middle to the upper troposphere within 30 minutes and dissipate within the next hour. Their development indicates that Titan's clouds evolve convectively; dissipate through rain; and, over the next several hours, waft downwind to achieve their great longitude extents. These and other characteristics suggest that temperate clouds originate from circulation-induced convergence, in addition to a forcing at the surface associated with Saturn's tides, geology, and/or surface composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - GEOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 18704097; Griffith, C. A. 1 Penteado, P. 1 Baines, K. 2 Drossart, P. 3 Barnes, J. 1 Bellucci, G. 4 Bibring, J. 5 Brown, R. 1 Buratti, B. 2 Capaccioni, F. 6 Cerroni, P. 6 Clark, R. 7 Combes, M. 3 Coradini, A. 6 Cruikshank, D. 8 Formisano, V. 4 Jaumann, R. 9 Langevin, Y. 5 Matson, D. 2 McCord, T. 10; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  3: Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Jannsen, Meudon, France.  4: Instituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interptanetario, Consiglio Nationale delle Richerche (CNR), Rome, Italy.  5: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.  6: Instituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, CNR, Rome, Italy.  7: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA.  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, Mountain View, CA, USA.  9: Institute of Planetary Exploration, German Aerospace Center, Germany.  10: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.; Source Info: 10/21/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5747, p474; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3685
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cano, Camilo I.
AU  - Weiser, Erik S.
AU  - Kyu, Thein
AU  - Pipes, R. Byron
T1  - Polyimide foams from powder: Experimental analysis of competitive diffusion phenomena
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2005/10/24/
VL  - 46
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 9296
EP  - 9303
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: In the present study, various diffusive processes have been investigated during foaming of powdered precursors of polyimide. A detailed analysis of the powdered precursor''s characteristics allows for an enhanced morphological understanding of the resulting microstructures and foam unit cell. Parameters that are central to the foaming process such as particle morphology, volatile concentration and sorption–desorption processes are evaluated. Isothermal and non-isothermal desorption experiments have been carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and specific diffusive processes have been correlated to thermodynamic and kinetic transitions by means of modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) of the corresponding materials. It was found that two primary fluxes of volatiles, one out of the external surface of the particles (responsible for volatile desorption) and the other into the growing bubble (responsible for vapor supersaturation inside the bubble) compete against each other creating a competitive scenario that becomes the controlling factor for potential inflation within the precursor particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - MATERIALS -- Analysis
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - Foam
KW  - Polyimide
KW  - Powder
N1  - Accession Number: 18629324; Cano, Camilo I. 1; Email Address: cc20@uakron.edu Weiser, Erik S. 2 Kyu, Thein 1 Pipes, R. Byron 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-0301, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: School of Materials Engineering, Aeronautics and Astronautics, and Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2044, USA; Source Info: Oct2005, Vol. 46 Issue 22, p9296; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Analysis; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Powder; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, S.G.
AU  - Birkedal, V.
AU  - Wang, C.S.
AU  - Coldren, L.A.
AU  - Maslov, A.V.
AU  - Citrin, D.S.
AU  - Sherwin, M.S.
T1  - Quantum Coherence in an Optical Modulator.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/10/28/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5748
M3  - Article
SP  - 651
EP  - 653
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Semiconductor quantum well electroabsorption modulators are widely used to modulate near-infrared (NIR) radiation at frequencies below 0.1 terahertz (THz). Here, the NIR absorption of undoped quantum wells was modulated by strong electric fields with frequencies between 1.5 and 3.9 THz. The THz field coupled two excited states (excitons) of the quantum wells, as manifested by a new THz frequency- and power-dependent NIR absorption line. Nonperturbative theory and experiment indicate that the THz field generated a coherent quantum superposition of an absorbing and a nonabsorbing exciton. This quantum coherence may yield new applications for quantum well modulators in optical communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM optics
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION
KW  - QUANTUM wells
N1  - Accession Number: 18800063; Carter, S.G. 1 Birkedal, V. 1 Wang, C.S. 2 Coldren, L.A. 2 Maslov, A.V. 3 Citrin, D.S. 4,5 Sherwin, M.S. 1; Email Address: sherwin@physics.ucsb.edu; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department and Institute for Quantum and Complex Dynamics (iQCD), Broida Hall Building 572, Room 3410, USA.  2: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.  3: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  4: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, CA 30332, USA.  5: Georgia Tech Lorraine, Metz Technopole, 2-3 rue Marconi, 57070 Metz, France.; Source Info: 10/28/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5748, p651; Subject Term: QUANTUM optics; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION; Subject Term: QUANTUM wells; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811213 Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3176
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stewart, Julian M.
AU  - Medow, Marvin S.
AU  - Montgomery, Leslie D.
AU  - Glover, June L.
AU  - Millonas, Mark M.
T1  - Splanchnic hyperemia and hypervolemia during Valsalva maneuver in postural tachycardia syndrome.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 58
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - H1951
EP  - H1959
SN  - 03636135
AB  - Prior work demonstrated dependence of the change in blood pressure during the Valsalva maneuver (VM) on the extent of thoracic hypovolemia and splanchnic hypervolemia. Thoracic hypovolemia and splanchnic hypervolemia characterize certain patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) during orthostatic stress. These patients also experience abnormal phase II hypotension and phase IV hypertension during VM. We hypothesize that reduced splanchnic arterial resistance explains aberrant VM results in these patients. We studied 17 POTS patients aged 15-23 yr with normal resting peripheral blood flow by strain gauge plethysmography and 10 comparably aged healthy volunteers. All had normal blood volumes by dye dilution. We assessed changes in estimated thoracic, splanchnic, pelvic-thigh, and lower leg blood volume and blood flow by impedance plethysmography throughout VM performed in the supine position. Baseline splanchnic blood flow was increased and calculated arterial resistance was decreased in POTS compared with control subjects. Splanchnic resistance decreased and flow increased in POTS subjects, whereas splanchnic resistance increased and flow decreased in control subjects during stage II of VM. This was associated with increased splanchnic blood volume, decreased thoracic blood volume, increased heart rate, and decreased blood pressure in POTS. Pelvic and leg resistances were increased above control and remained so during stage IV of VM, accounting for the increased blood pressure overshoot in POTS. Thus splanchnic hyperemia and hypervolemia are related to excessive phase II blood pressure reduction in POTS despite intense peripheral vasoconstriction. Factors other than autonomic dysfunction may play a role in POTS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPLANCHNIC nerves
KW  - HYPEREMIA
KW  - TACHYCARDIA
KW  - ARRHYTHMIA
KW  - BLOOD pressure
KW  - autonomic dysfunction
KW  - mesenteric artery
KW  - orthostatic intolerance
KW  - splanchnic arterial resistance
KW  - vasoconstriction
N1  - Accession Number: 18792304; Stewart, Julian M. 1,2; Email Address: stewart@nymc.edu Medow, Marvin S. 1,2 Montgomery, Leslie D. 1,3 Glover, June L. 1 Millonas, Mark M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York  2: Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 58 Issue 5, pH1951; Subject Term: SPLANCHNIC nerves; Subject Term: HYPEREMIA; Subject Term: TACHYCARDIA; Subject Term: ARRHYTHMIA; Subject Term: BLOOD pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: autonomic dysfunction; Author-Supplied Keyword: mesenteric artery; Author-Supplied Keyword: orthostatic intolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: splanchnic arterial resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: vasoconstriction; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 22 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajpheart.00194.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shvedova, Anna A.
AU  - Kisin, Elena R.
AU  - Mercer, Robert
AU  - Murray, Ashley R.
AU  - Johnson, Victor J.
AU  - Potapovich, Alla I.
AU  - Tyurina, Yulia Y.
AU  - Gorelik, Olga
AU  - Arepalli, Sevaram
AU  - Schwegler-Berry, Diane
AU  - Hubbs, Ann F.
AU  - Antonini, James
AU  - Evans, Douglas E.
AU  - Boneki Ku
AU  - Ramsey, Dawn
AU  - Maynard, Andrew
AU  - Kagan, Valerian E.
AU  - Castranova, Vincent
AU  - Baron, Paul
T1  - Unusual inflammatory and fibrogenic pulmonary responses to single-walled carbon nanotubes in mice.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 33
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - L698
EP  - L708
SN  - 10400605
AB  - Singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are new materials of emerging technological importance. As SWCNT are introduced into the life cycle of commercial products, their effects on human health and environment should be addressed. We demonstrated that pharyngeal aspiration of SWCNT elicited unusual pulmonary effects in C57BL/6 mice that combined a robust but acute inflammation with early onset yet progressive fibrosis and granulomas. A dose-dependent increase in the protein, LDH, and γ-glutamyl transferase activities in bronchoalveolar lavage were found along with accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (oxidative biomarker) and depletion of glutathione in lungs. An early neutrophils accumulation (day I), followed by lymphocyte (day 3) and macrophage (day 7) influx, was accompanied by early elevation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β day 1) followed by fibrogenic transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (peaked on day 7). A rapid progressive fibrosis found in mice exhibited two distinct morphologies: 1) SWCNT-induced granulomas mainly associated with hypertrophied epithelial cells surrounding SWCNT aggregates and 2) diffuse interstitial fibrosis and alveolar wall thickening likely associated with dispersed SWCNT. In vitro exposure of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages to SWCNT triggered TGF-β1 production similarly to zymosan but generated less TNF-α and IL-1γ. SWCNT did not cause superoxide or NO production, active SWCNT engulfment, or apoptosis in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Functional respiratory deficiencies and decreased bacterial clearance (Listeria monocytogenes) were found in mice treated with SWCNT. Equal doses of ultrafine carbon black particles or fine crystalline silica (SiO2) did not induce granulomas or alveolar wall thickening and caused a significantly weaker pulmonary inflammation and damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - INFLAMMATION
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage
KW  - cytokines
KW  - microbial infection
KW  - nanoparticles
N1  - Accession Number: 18751449; Shvedova, Anna A. 1; Email Address: AShvedova@cdc.gov Kisin, Elena R. 1 Mercer, Robert 1 Murray, Ashley R. 1 Johnson, Victor J. 1 Potapovich, Alla I. 2,3 Tyurina, Yulia Y. 2,3 Gorelik, Olga 4 Arepalli, Sevaram 4 Schwegler-Berry, Diane 1 Hubbs, Ann F. 1 Antonini, James 1 Evans, Douglas E. 5 Boneki Ku 5 Ramsey, Dawn 5 Maynard, Andrew 5 Kagan, Valerian E. 2,3 Castranova, Vincent 1,3 Baron, Paul 5; Affiliation:  1: Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia  2: Center for Free Radical & Antioxidant Health  3: Department of Environmental Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania  4: Nanotube Team, GBTech, Incorporated, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  5: Division of Applied Research and Technology, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, Ohio; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 33 Issue 5, pL698; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Subject Term: INFLAMMATION; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage; Author-Supplied Keyword: cytokines; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial infection; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoparticles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 14 Black and White Photographs, 25 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajplung.00084.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dietrich, D. L.
AU  - Struk, P. M.
AU  - Ikegami, M.
AU  - Xu, G.
T1  - Single droplet combustion of decane in microgravity: experiments and numerical modelling.
JO  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
JF  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 569
EP  - 585
SN  - 13647830
AB  - This paper presents experimental data on single droplet combustion of decane in microgravity and compares the results to a numerical model. The primary independent experiment variables are the ambient pressure and oxygen mole fraction, pressure, droplet size (over a relatively small range) and ignition energy. The droplet history (D 2 history) is non-linear with the burning rate constant increasing throughout the test. The average burning rate constant, consistent with classical theory, increased with increasing ambient oxygen mole fraction and was nearly independent of pressure, initial droplet size and ignition energy. The flame typically increased in size initially, and then decreased in size, in response to the shrinking droplet. The flame standoff increased linearly for the majority of the droplet lifetime. The flame surrounding the droplet extinguished at a finite droplet size at lower ambient pressures and an oxygen mole fraction of 0.15. The extinction droplet size increased with decreasing pressure. The model is transient and assumes spherical symmetry, constant thermo-physical properties (specific heat, thermal conductivity and species Lewis number) and single step chemistry. The model includes gas-phase radiative loss and a spherically symmetric, transient liquid phase. The model accurately predicts the droplet and flame histories of the experiments. Good agreement requires that the ignition in the experiment be reasonably approximated in the model and that the model accurately predict the pre-ignition vaporization of the droplet. The model does not accurately predict the dependence of extinction droplet diameter on pressure, a result of the simplified chemistry in the model. The transient flame behaviour suggests the potential importance of fuel vapour accumulation. The model results, however, show that the fractional mass consumption rate of fuel in the flame relative to the fuel vaporized is close to 1.0 for all but the lowest ambient oxygen mole fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Theory & Modelling is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - FLAME
KW  - FUEL
KW  - SPECIFIC heat
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 19511201; Dietrich, D. L. 1; Email Address: daniel.dietrich@grc.nasa.gov Struk, P. M. 1 Ikegami, M. 2 Xu, G. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, USA  2: National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Hokkaido, Japan; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p569; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: FUEL; Subject Term: SPECIFIC heat; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13647830500256039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Pang-Ning Tan
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
AU  - Kucharik, Chris
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Cohen, Warren
AU  - Healey, Sean
T1  - Recent History of Large-Scale Ecosystem Disturbances in North America Derived from the AVHRR Satellite Record.
JO  - Ecosystems
JF  - Ecosystems
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 808
EP  - 824
SN  - 14329840
AB  - Ecosystem structure and function are strongly affected by disturbance events, many of which in North America are associated with seasonal temperature extremes, wildfires, and tropical storms. This study was conducted to evaluate patterns in a 19-year record of global satellite observations of vegetation phenology from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) as a means to characterize major ecosystem disturbance events and regimes. The fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) by vegetation canopies worldwide has been computed at a monthly time interval from 1982 to 2000 and gridded at a spatial resolution of 8–km globally. Potential disturbance events were identified in the FPAR time series by locating anomalously low values (FPAR-LO) that lasted longer than 12 consecutive months at any 8-km pixel. We can find verifiable evidence of numerous disturbance types across North America, including major regional patterns of cold and heat waves, forest fires, tropical storms, and large-scale forest logging. Summed over 19 years, areas potentially influenced by major ecosystem disturbances (one FPAR-LO event over the period 1982–2000) total to more than 766,000 km2. The periods of highest detection frequency were 1987–1989, 1995–1997, and 1999. Sub-continental regions of the Pacific Northwest, Alaska, and Central Canada had the highest proportion (>90%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in forests, tundra shrublands, and wetland areas. The Great Lakes region showed the highest proportion (39%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in cropland areas, whereas the western United States showed the highest proportion (16%) of FPAR-LO pixels detected in grassland areas. Based on this analysis, an historical picture is emerging of periodic droughts and heat waves, possibly coupled with herbivorous insect outbreaks, as among the most important causes of ecosystem disturbance in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ecosystems is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - PLANT phenology
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - PHENOLOGY
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - PLANT canopies
KW  - NORTH America
KW  - GREAT Lakes (North America)
KW  - drought
KW  - ecosystem disturbance
KW  - fire
KW  - forests
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 18843134; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Pang-Ning Tan 2 Kumar, Vipin 2 Kucharik, Chris 3 Klooster, Steven 4 Genovese, Vanessa 4 Cohen, Warren 5 Healey, Sean 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55415, USA  3: University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA  4: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside 93955, California, USA  5: USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 8 Issue 7, p808; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: PLANT phenology; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: PHENOLOGY; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: PLANT canopies; Subject Term: NORTH America; Subject Term: GREAT Lakes (North America); Author-Supplied Keyword: drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: forests; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10021-005-0041-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Young, Russell J.
AU  - Grant, William B.
AU  - Severance, Kurt
T1  - Aerosol Transport in the California Central Valley Observed by Airborne Lidar.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/11//11/1/2005
VL  - 39
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 8351
EP  - 8357
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - An aerosol lidar system was deployed on the NASA DC-8 and used to measure aerosol vertical profiles in the California Central Valley. The nadir-pointing Nd:YAG lidar operated at 532 and 1064 nm at 20 Hz. The resulting aerosol profiles were plotted in a unique three-dimensional format that allowed the visual observation of the aerosol scattering ratio profiles, the valley topography, and corresponding backward trajectory air masses. The accumulation of aerosols from the Bakersfield area can be seen in the southern end of the valley due to topography and prevailing winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 19242157; de Young, Russell J. 1; Email Address: russell.j.deyoung@nasa.gov Grant, William B. 1,2 Severance, Kurt 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  2: Systems Engineering Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  3: Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research, 2107 Van Ness Ave., Suite 403B, San Francisco, California 94109.; Source Info: 11/1/2005, Vol. 39 Issue 21, p8351; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es048740l
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burr, Devon M.
AU  - Soare, Richard J.
AU  - Wan Bun Tseung, Jean-Michel
AU  - Emery, Joshua P.
T1  - Young (late Amazonian), near-surface, ground ice features near the equator, Athabasca Valles, Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 178
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 73
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: A suite of four feature types in a ∼20 km2 area near 10° N, 204° W in Athabasca Valles is interpreted to have resulted from near-surface ground ice. These features include mounds, conical forms with rimmed summit depressions, flatter irregularly-shaped forms with raised rims, and polygonal terrain. Based on morphology, size, and analogy to terrestrial ground ice forms, these Athabascan features are interpreted as pingos, collapsing pingos, pingo scars, and thermal contraction polygons, respectively. Thermal Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (THEMIS) data and geological features in the area are consistent with a sedimentary substrate underlying these features. These observations lead us to favor a ground ice interpretation, although we do not rule out volcanic and especially glaciofluvial hypotheses. The hypothesized ground ice that formed the mounds and rimmed features may have been emplaced via the deposition of saturated sediment during flooding; an alternative scenario invokes magmatically cycled groundwater. The ground ice implicit in the hypothesized thermal contraction polygons may have derived either from this flooding/ground water, or from atmospheric water vapor. The lack of obvious flood modification of the mounds and rimmed features indicates that they formed after the most recent flood inundated the area. Analogy with terrestrial pingos suggests that ground ice may be still extant within the positive relief mounds. As the water that flooded down Athabasca Valles emerged via a volcanotectonic fissure from a deep aquifer, any extant pingo ice may contain evidence of a deep subsurface biosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - ICE
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 18779002; Burr, Devon M. 1,2; Email Address: dburr@pirl.lpl.arizona.edu Soare, Richard J. 3,4 Wan Bun Tseung, Jean-Michel 4 Emery, Joshua P. 5; Affiliation:  1: USGS Astrogeology Program, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  2: The SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Dr., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Department of Geography, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. W., Montreal, Quebec H3G 1M8, Canada  4: Department of Geography, Burnside Hall, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H3A 2K6, Canada  5: NASA Ames Research Center/The SETI Institute, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 178 Issue 1, p56; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarellos, José Luis
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
AU  - Hamill, Patrick
T1  - Fates of satellite ejecta in the Saturn system
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 178
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 104
EP  - 123
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We use conventional numerical integrations to assess the fates of impact ejecta in the Saturn system. For specificity we consider impact ejecta launched from four giant craters on three satellites: Herschel on Mimas, Odysseus and Penelope on Tethys, and Tirawa on Rhea. Speeds, trajectories, and size of the ejecta are consistent with impact on a competent surface (“spalls”) and into unconsolidated regolith. We do not include near-field effects, jetting, or effects peculiar to highly oblique impact. Ejecta are launched at velocities comparable to or exceeding the satellite''s escape speed. Most ejecta are swept up by the source moon on time-scales of a few to several decades, and produce craters no larger than 19 km in diameter, with typical craters in the range of a few km. As much as 17% of ejecta reach satellites other than the source moon. Our models generate cratering patterns consistent with a planetocentric origin of most small impact craters on the saturnian icy moons, but the predicted craters tend to be smaller than putative Population II craters. We conclude that ejecta from the known giant craters in the saturnian system do not fully account for Population II craters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - PHYSICAL geology
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Impact process
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Satellites of Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 18779006; Alvarellos, José Luis 1; Email Address: alvarellos.jose@ssd.loral.com Zahnle, Kevin J. 2 Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 3 Hamill, Patrick 4; Affiliation:  1: Space Systems/Loral, 3825 Fabian Way, MS G-76, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Department of Physics, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 178 Issue 1, p104; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: PHYSICAL geology; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact process; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Saturn; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.04.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Smith, H.D.
T1  - Possibilities for methanogenic life in liquid methane on the surface of Titan
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 178
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 276
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Photochemically produced compounds on Titan, principally acetylene, ethane and organic solids, would release energy when consumed with atmospheric hydrogen, at levels of 334, 57, and 54 kJ mol−1, respectively. On Earth methanogenic bacteria can survive on this energy level. Here we speculate on the possibility of widespread methanogenic life in liquid methane on Titan. Hydrogen may be the best molecule to show the affects of such life because it does not condense at the tropopause and has no sources or sinks in the troposphere. If life is consuming atmospheric hydrogen it will have a measurable effect on the hydrogen mixing ratio in the troposphere if the biological consumption is greater than . Life could develop strategies to overcome the low solubility of organics in liquid methane and use catalysts to accelerate biochemical reactions despite the low temperature. The results of the recent Huygens probe could indicate the presence of such life by anomalous depletions of acetylene and ethane as well as hydrogen at the surface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANOGENS
KW  - LIQUID methane
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - Life
KW  - Methanogens
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 18779019; McKay, C.P. 1; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov Smith, H.D. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: International Space University, Masters in Space Studies Program, Strasbourg Central Campus, 67400 Strasbourg, France  3: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 178 Issue 1, p274; Subject Term: METHANOGENS; Subject Term: LIQUID methane; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.05.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18779019&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice
T1  - Book Review: Life in the Universe, Expectations and Constraints
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 178
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 289
EP  - 290
SN  - 00191035
N1  - Accession Number: 18779023; Bishop, Janice 1; Email Address: jbishop@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 178 Issue 1, p289; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.07.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakosky, Bruce M.
AU  - Mellon, Michael T.
AU  - Stacy Varnes, E.
AU  - Feldman, William C.
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
T1  - Erratum to “Mars low-latitude neutron distribution: Possible remnant near-surface water ice and a mechanism for its recent emplacement” [Icarus 175 (2005) 58–67]
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 178
IS  - 1
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 291
EP  - 293
SN  - 00191035
N1  - Accession Number: 18779024; Jakosky, Bruce M. 1,2; Email Address: bruce.jakosky@lasp.colorado.edu Mellon, Michael T. 1 Stacy Varnes, E. 1 Feldman, William C. 3 Boynton, William V. 4 Haberle, Robert M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87544, USA  4: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 178 Issue 1, p291; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.11.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xidong Tang
AU  - Gang Tao
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Virtual Grouping Based, Adaptive Actuator Failure Compensation for MIMO Nonlinear Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1775
EP  - 1780
SN  - 00189286
AB  - A new control design technique called virtual grouping is presented to handle actuator redundancy and failures for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, enlarging the set of compensable actuator failures. An adaptive compensation scheme is thus developed for a class of nonlinear MIMO systems to ensure closed-loop signal boundedness and asymptotic output tracking despite unknown actuator failures. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness of the adaptive design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - MICROACTUATORS
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Actuator failure
KW  - adaptive control
KW  - backstepping
KW  - multiple-input-mutliple-output (MIIMO) system
N1  - Accession Number: 19153912; Xidong Tang 1; Email Address: xt3f@virginia.edu Gang Tao 1; Email Address: gt9s@virginia.edu Joshi, Suresh M. 2; Email Address: s.m.joshi@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p1775; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: MICROACTUATORS; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuator failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: backstepping; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple-input-mutliple-output (MIIMO) system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAC.2005.858633
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubaai, Ahmed
AU  - Ofoli, Abdul R.
AU  - Cobbinah, Donatus
AU  - Kankam, Mark David
T1  - Two-Layer Supervisory Controller-Based Thyristor- Controlled B raking Resistor for Transient Stability Crisis.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Y1  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1547
SN  - 00939994
AB  - In this paper, a supervisory two-layer control structure is synthesized with network elements as control means for thyristor-controlled braking resistor (BR) of multimachine power system operating in transient emergency state. This creates a multiple local feedback controller that can be realistically implemented using only local measurements and whose performance is consistent with respect to changes in network configuration, loading, and power transfer conditions. Following a major disturbance, the rotor angle and rotor speed of each generator unit are determined and the firing angle of the thyristor switch associated with the BR is computed by the local controllers. By controlling the firing angle of the thyristor, the BR controls the accelerating power in each generator and, thus, enhances the stability margins and damping oscillations. Since the local controllers rely only on measurements particular to their own subsystem, interconnection effects and the nonlinearities introduced by them are accounted for by the supervisory layer. The two-layer controller was tested on the IEEE Western States Coordinating Council (WSCC) test system. Results show that the controller is capable of bringing the system under control when starting with inherently unstable conditions, even when the severity of the disturbances is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - ELECTRIC contactors
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - Braking resistor (BR)
KW  - firing angle
KW  - hierarchical structure
KW  - optimal control
KW  - thyristor switch
KW  - transient stability crisis
N1  - Accession Number: 19171745; Rubaai, Ahmed 1; Email Address: arubaai@howard.edu Ofoli, Abdul R. 1 Cobbinah, Donatus 1 Kankam, Mark David 2; Email Address: mark.d.kankam@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059 USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1539; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC contactors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Braking resistor (BR); Author-Supplied Keyword: firing angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: hierarchical structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: thyristor switch; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient stability crisis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIA.2005.857465
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Waters, Kendall R.
AU  - Johnston, Patrick H.
T1  - Tomographic Imaging of an Ultrasonic Field in a Plane by Use of a Linear Array: Theory and Experiment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 52
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2065
EP  - 2074
SN  - 08853010
AB  - Quantitative ultrasonic characterization of inhomogeneous and anisotropic materials is often difficult due to undesired phenomena such as beam steering and phase aberration of the insonifying field. We introduce a method based on tomographic reconstruction techniques for the visualization of an ultrasonic field using a linear array rotated in a plane. Tomographic reconstruction of the ultrasonic field is made possible through the phase-sensitive nature of the tall, narrow piezoelectric elements of a linear array that act as parallel line integrators of the pressure field. We validate the proposed imaging method through numerical simulations of propagated ultrasonic fields based upon the angular spectrum decomposition technique. We then demonstrate the technique with experimental measurements of two textile composites and a reference water path. We reconstruct images of the real and imaginary parts of a transmitted 2 MHz ultrasonic field that are then combined to reconstruct images of the power and unwrapped phase. We also construct images of the attenuation and phase shift for several regions of the composites. Our results demonstrate that tomographic imaging of an ultrasonic field in a plane using a rotated linear array can potentially improve ultrasonic characterization of complex materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics Ferroelectrics & Frequency Control is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONIC imaging
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - ULTRASONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 19143675; Waters, Kendall R. 1; Email Address: kwaters@volcanocorp.com Johnston, Patrick H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Volcano Corp., Cleveland, OH 44195  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Non- destructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 52 Issue 11, p2065; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC imaging; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, Lewis R.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Rivers, S. Melissa
T1  - Off-Design Reynolds Number Effects for a Supersonic Transport.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1427
EP  - 1441
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A high-Reynolds-number wind-tunnel investigation was conducted to assess Reynolds-number effects on the aerodynamic performance characteristics of a realistic, second-generation, supersonic transport concept. The tests included longitudinal studies at transonic and low-speed, high-lift conditions across a range of chord Reynolds numbers (8 x 106 to 120 x 106). Results presented focus on Reynolds-number and static aeroelastic sensitivities at Mach 0.30 and 0.90 for a configuration without a tail. Static aeroelastic effects, which mask Reynolds-number effects, were observed. Reynolds-number effects were generally small, and the drag data followed established trends of skin friction as a function of Reynolds number. Wing boundary layers thinned as Reynolds number increased producing a more nose-down pitching moment because of the increased effective wing camber. This study extends the existing Reynolds-number database for supersonic transports operating at off-design conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes
N1  - Accession Number: 19435901; Owens, Lewis R. 1,2 Wahls, Richard A. 1,3 Rivers, S. Melissa 1,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: Member, AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1427; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhargava, C.
AU  - Loth, E.
AU  - Potapczuk, M.
T1  - Numerical Simulation of Icing Clouds in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1442
EP  - 1451
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The objective of this study was to develop and employ a numerical simulation strategy for predicting the liquid water content (LWC) at the test-section plane of the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel (IRT) as well as to characterize the icing cloud uniformity as a function of tunnel speed, droplet size, etc. The droplets were injected with a polydisperse distribution and based on previous computational airflow results, which included the spray-bar wakes, the air jets, and the heat-exchanger flow. To simulate the effects of turbulent diffusion behavior of water droplets in the IRT, a continuous-random-walk methodology was employed, which corrects for nonhomogeneous turbulence. To first understand the cloud dynamics emanating from isolated nozzles, experiments and simulations were conducted with only four injectors spraying in the IRT. The simulations showed good representation of the width and position (though not necessarily the shape) of the individual spray clouds at the test-section plane. Next, droplets issued by the baseline group of spray nozzles were simulated in order to determine the test-section LWC distributions which in turn were used to compare with experiments. The simulations indicated the importance of including turbulent diffusion, and that increased tunnel speed and droplet size tended to reduce overall uniformity, which was generally consistent with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC diffusion
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 19435902; Bhargava, C. 1,2 Loth, E. 1; Email Address: loth@uiuc.edu Potapczuk, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  2: Professor, Technical Services, Epic Systems Corporation, Madison, WI  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1442; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC diffusion; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
AU  - Piatak, David J.
AU  - Scott, Robert C.
T1  - Identification of Experimental Unsteady Aerodynamic Impulse Responses.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2005/11//Nov/Dec2005
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1548
EP  - 1552
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The identification of experimental unsteady aerodynamic impulse responses using the Oscillating Turntable (OTT) at NASA Langley's Transonic Dynamics Tunnel is described. Results are presented for two configurations: a rigid semispan model and a rectangular wing with a supercritical airfoil section. Both models were used to acquire unsteady pressure data caused by pitching oscillations on the OTT. A deconvolution scheme involving a step input in pitch and the resultant step response in pressure, for several pressure transducers, is used to identify the pressure impulse responses. The identified impulse responses are then used to predict the pressure response caused by pitching oscillations at several frequencies. Comparisons with the experimental data are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
N1  - Accession Number: 19435915; Silva, Walter A. 1 Piatak, David J. 1 Scott, Robert C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001; Source Info: Nov/Dec2005, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1548; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ridruejo, Alvaro
AU  - Pastor, José Y.
AU  - LLorca, Javier
AU  - Sayir, A.
AU  - Orera, V. M.
T1  - Stress Corrosion Cracking of Single-Crystal Tetragonal ZrO2(Er2O3).
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 88
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3125
EP  - 3130
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The flexure strength of partially-stabilized tetragonal ZrO2(Er2O3) single-crystal monofilaments manufactured by the laser-heated floating zone method was measured as a function of the environment (air versus water) and temperature (from 25° to 800°C) at loading rates spanning three orders of magnitude to ascertain their susceptibility to the environmental conditions. These mechanical tests were completed with parallel tests on fully annealed monofilaments (to relieve the thermal residual stresses induced during growth) and by detailed analysis of the fracture surfaces using scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy. While environmental susceptibility of ZrO2(Y2O3) in previous investigations was always associated with the destabilization of the tetragonal phase, monoclinic phase was not detected on the fracture surfaces of the ZrO2(Er2O3) monofilaments and it was concluded that slow crack growth in this material at high temperature or immersed in water was due to stress corrosion cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - STRESS corrosion cracking
KW  - STRESS corrosion
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 18613755; Ridruejo, Alvaro 1 Pastor, José Y. 1 LLorca, Javier 1; Email Address: jllorca@mater.upm.es Sayir, A. 2 Orera, V. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040 Madrid, Spain  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135-3191  3: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, C.S.I.C.-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 88 Issue 11, p3125; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: STRESS corrosion cracking; Subject Term: STRESS corrosion; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00573.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Basri, Gibor
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Koch, David
T1  - The Kepler Mission: A wide-field transit search for terrestrial planets
JO  - New Astronomy Reviews
JF  - New Astronomy Reviews
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 7-9
M3  - Article
SP  - 478
EP  - 485
SN  - 13876473
AB  - Abstract: The Kepler Mission is a NASA Discovery mission which will continuously monitor the brightness of at least 100,000 main sequence stars, to detect the transits of terrestrial and larger planets. It is scheduled to be launched in 2007 into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit. It is a wide-field photometer with a Schmidt-type telescope and array of 42 CCDs covering the 100 square degree field-of-view. It has a 1-m aperture which enables a differential photometric precision of 2 parts in 100,000 for 12th magnitude solar-like stars over a 6.5-hour transit duration. It will continuously observe dwarf stars from 8th to 15th magnitude in the Cygnus constellation, for a period of four years, with a cadence of 4 measurements per hour. Hundreds of terrestrial planets should be detected if they are common around solar-type stars. Ground-based spectrometry of stars with planetary candidates will help eliminate false-positives, and determine stellar characteristics such as mass and metallicity. A null result would imply that terrestrial planets are rare. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of New Astronomy Reviews is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 18967061; Basri, Gibor 1; Email Address: basri@astro.berkeley.edu Borucki, William J. 2 Koch, David 2; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 49 Issue 7-9, p478; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.newar.2005.08.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Feng
AU  - Guo, Shangping
AU  - Ikram, Khalid
AU  - Albin, Sacharia
AU  - Tai, Hsiang
AU  - Rogowski, Robert S.
T1  - Erratum to “Numerical analysis of Bragg fibers using a compact 1D finite-difference frequency-domain method” [Opt. Commun. 249 (2005) 165–174]
JO  - Optics Communications
JF  - Optics Communications
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 255
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 167
EP  - 167
SN  - 00304018
N1  - Accession Number: 18630690; Wu, Feng 1; Email Address: fwuxx001@odu.edu Guo, Shangping 1 Ikram, Khalid 1 Albin, Sacharia 1 Tai, Hsiang 2 Rogowski, Robert S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: Non-destructive Evaluation Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hamptonm VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 255 Issue 1-3, p167; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.optcom.2005.01.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, R.C.
AU  - Zent, A.P.
AU  - Grunthaner, F.J.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
AU  - Taylor, C.L.
AU  - Garry, J.R.C.
T1  - Detection and characterization of oxidizing acids in the Atacama Desert using the Mars Oxidation Instrument
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1376
EP  - 1388
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We have performed field experiments to further develop and validate the Mars Oxidation Instrument (MOI) as well as measurement strategies for the in situ characterization of oxidation mechanisms, kinetics, and carbon cycling on Mars. Using the Atacama Desert as a test site for the current dry conditions on Mars, we characterized the chemical reactivity of surface and near-surface atmosphere in the dry core of the Atacama. MOI is a chemiresistor-based sensor array that measures the reaction rates of chemical films that are sensitive to particular types of oxidants or that mimic chemical characteristics of pre-biotic and biotic materials. With these sensors, the chemical reactivity of a planetary environment is characterized by monitoring the resistance of the film as a function of time. Our instrumental approach correlates reaction rates with dust abundance, UV flux, humidity, and temperature, allowing discrimination between competing hypotheses of oxidant formation and organic decomposition. The sensor responses in the Atacama are consistent with an oxidative attack by strong acids triggered by dust accumulation, followed by transient wetting due to an increase in relative humidity during the night. We conclude that in the Atacama Desert, and perhaps on Mars, low pH resulting from acid accumulation, combined with limited water availability and high oxidation potential, can result in oxidizing acid reactions on dust and soil surfaces during low-moisture transient wetting events (i.e. thin films of water). These soil acids are expected to play a significant role in the oxidizing nature of the soils, the formation of mineral surface coatings, and the chemical modification of organics in the surface material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Acid deposition
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Mars instrument
KW  - Oxidant
N1  - Accession Number: 18730812; Quinn, R.C. 1,2; Email Address: rquinn@mail.arc.nasa.gov Zent, A.P. 3 Grunthaner, F.J. 4 Ehrenfreund, P. 2 Taylor, C.L. 1 Garry, J.R.C. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Astrobiology Group, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: In Situ Exploration Technology Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 53 Issue 13, p1376; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acid deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars instrument; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidant; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2005.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stone, Robert B.
AU  - Tumer, Irem Y.
AU  - Stock, Michael E.
T1  - Linking product functionality to historic failures to improve failure analysis in design.
JO  - Research in Engineering Design
JF  - Research in Engineering Design
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 16
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 96
EP  - 108
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09349839
AB  - Prior research has shown that similar failure modes occur within products (or components) with similar functionality. To capitalize on this finding, a knowledge base-driven failure analysis tool, the function-failure design method (FFDM), has been developed to allow designers to perform failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) during conceptual design. The FFDM can offer substantial improvements to the design process since it enhances failure analysis thus giving it the ability to reduce the number of necessary redesigns. The FFDM, however, is only as good as the knowledge base that it draws from, and one fundamental question that arises in using the FFDM is: at what level of detail should functional descriptions of components be encoded? This paper explores two approaches to populating a knowledge base with actual failure occurrence information from Bell 206 helicopters. Results indicate that encoding failure data using more detailed functional models allows for a more robust knowledge base. Interestingly however, when applying FFDM, high level descriptions continue to produce useful results when using the knowledge base generated from the detailed functional models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Research in Engineering Design is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - QUALITY control
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - KNOWLEDGE base
KW  - Conceptual design
KW  - Failure analysis
KW  - Failure modes
KW  - Functional modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 18712010; Stone, Robert B. 1; Email Address: rstone@umr.edu Tumer, Irem Y. 2; Email Address: itumer@mail.arc.nasa.gov Stock, Michael E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Interdisciplinary Design Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 102A Basic Engineering Building, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  2: Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla, 102A Basic Engineering Building, Rolla, MO 65409, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 16 Issue 1/2, p96; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: QUALITY control; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE base; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conceptual design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure modes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional modeling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00163-005-0005-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broks, B.H.P.
AU  - Brok, W.J.M.
AU  - Remy, J.
AU  - van der Mullen, J.J.A.M.
AU  - Benidar, A.
AU  - Biennier, L.
AU  - Salama, F.
T1  - Modeling the influence of anode–cathode spacing in a pulsed discharge nozzle
JO  - Spectrochimica Acta Part B
JF  - Spectrochimica Acta Part B
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 60
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1442
EP  - 1449
SN  - 05848547
AB  - Abstract: The pulsed discharge nozzle (PDN) is a spectrochemical source that is designed to produce and cool molecular ions in an astrophysically relevant environment in the laboratory with limited fragmentation. In order to gain a better understanding of the PDN and to optimize the yield of molecular ions and radicals in the PDN source, a parameter study of the influence of the interelectrode distance on the plasma properties is carried out by means of a discharge model, providing a qualitative as well as a quantitative picture of the plasma. We model the electron density and energy, as well as the argon ion and metastable atom number density for various interelectrode distances. The results reveal that increasing the interelectrode distance does not significantly influence the plasma at the cathode and at the anode. However, a positive column forms between the electrodes, which increases in length as the interelectrode distance increases. This is an additional evidence that the PDN is a glow discharge. This positive column does not contribute significantly to the formation of metastable argon atoms. Because metastable argon is thought to be the primary agent in the formation of molecular ions through Penning ionization of the neutral molecular precursor there is no benefit to be expected from an increase of the interelectrode distance. In fact, electron impact dissociation of the molecules in the column might even make the source less efficient for longer column lengths. The simulations presented here provide physical insight into the characteristics of interstellar species analogs in laboratory experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry)
KW  - 52.65.Kj
KW  - Argon metastables
KW  - Diffuse interstellar medium
KW  - Direct current glow discharge
KW  - Discharge modeling
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
N1  - Accession Number: 19127428; Broks, B.H.P. 1 Brok, W.J.M. 1 Remy, J. 1 van der Mullen, J.J.A.M. 1; Email Address: j.j.a.m.v.d.mullen@tue.nl Benidar, A. 2 Biennier, L. 2 Salama, F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box, 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands  2: Laboratoire de Physique des Atomes, Lasers, Molécules et Surfaces (PALMS), UMR CNRS 6627, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 60 Issue 11, p1442; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: 52.65.Kj; Author-Supplied Keyword: Argon metastables; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffuse interstellar medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Direct current glow discharge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discharge modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sab.2005.08.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19127428&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Townes-Young, Katrina L.
AU  - Ewing, Virginia R.
T1  - NASA LIVE Creating a Global Classroom.
JO  - T H E Journal
JF  - T H E Journal
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 45
PB  - T.H.E. Journal
SN  - 0192592X
AB  - This article focuses on the significance of NASA LIVE, a videoconferencing program produced by National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Langley Center for Distance Learning in Hampton, Virginia for researchers and students. It is designed for K-12 educators and students, allowing teachers and students to interact with NASA experts in a virtual setting as they engage in a variety of topics and hands-on activities connecting science-, technology-, engineering-, and mathematics-related content to NASA research and careers.
KW  - VIDEOCONFERENCING
KW  - DISTANCE education
KW  - EDUCATIONAL technology
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19094091; Townes-Young, Katrina L. Ewing, Virginia R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA educator, NASA Center for Distance Learning, NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p43; Subject Term: VIDEOCONFERENCING; Subject Term: DISTANCE education; Subject Term: EDUCATIONAL technology; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561499 All Other Business Support Services; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1600
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miyoshi, Kazuhisa
AU  - Farmer, Serene C.
AU  - Sayir, Ali
T1  - Wear properties of two-phase Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) ceramics at temperatures from 296 to 1073K
JO  - Tribology International
JF  - Tribology International
Y1  - 2005/11//
VL  - 38
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 974
EP  - 986
SN  - 0301679X
AB  - Abstract: Reciprocating sliding friction experiments were conducted with various two-phase, directionally solidified Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) pins sliding on B4C flats in air at temperatures of 296, 873, and 1073K under dry sliding conditions. Results indicate that all the Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) ceramics, from highly Al2O3-rich to ZrO2-rich, exceed the main wear criterion requirement of 10−6 mm3 N−1 m−1 or lower for effective wear-resistant applications. Particularly, the eutectics and Al2O3-rich ceramics showed superior wear properties. The composition and microstructure of Al2O3/ZrO2 (Y2O3) ceramics played a dominant role in controlling the wear and friction properties. The controlling mechanism of the ceramic wear, friction, and hardness was an intrinsic effect involving the resistance to shear fracture of heterophase bonding and cohesive bonding and the interlocking microstructures at different scales in the ceramics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tribology International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - Ceramic
KW  - Dry wear
KW  - High-temperature
KW  - Microhardness
KW  - Sliding friction
KW  - Wear resistance
N1  - Accession Number: 19061196; Miyoshi, Kazuhisa 1; Email Address: kazuhisa.miyoshi-1@nasa.gov Farmer, Serene C. 1; Email Address: kazuhisa.miyoshi-1@nasa.gov Sayir, Ali 2; Email Address: kazuhisa.miyoshi-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 38 Issue 11/12, p974; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dry wear; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microhardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sliding friction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wear resistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.triboint.2005.07.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19061196&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apai, Daniel
AU  - Pascucci, Ilaria
AU  - Bouwman, Jeroen
AU  - Natta, Antonella
AU  - Henning, Thomas
AU  - Dullemond, Cornelis P.
T1  - The Onset of Planet Formation in Brown Dwarf Disks.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/11/04/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5749
M3  - Article
SP  - 834
EP  - 836
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The onset of planet formation in protoplanetary disks is marked by the growth and crystallization of sub-micrometer-sized dust grains accompanied by dust settling toward the disk mid-plane. Here, we present infrared spectra of disks around brown dwarfs and brown dwarf candidates. We show that all three processes occur in such cool disks in a way similar or identical to that in disks around low- and intermediate-mass stars. These results indicate that the onset of planet formation extends to disks around brown dwarfs, suggesting that planet formation is a robust process occurring in most young circumstellar disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 18877678; Apai, Daniel 1,2; Email Address: apai@as.arizona.edu Pascucci, Ilaria 1 Bouwman, Jeroen 3 Natta, Antonella 4 Henning, Thomas 3 Dullemond, Cornelis P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, Heidelberg, D-69117, Germany.  4: Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Institute Nazionale di Astrofisica, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.; Source Info: 11/4/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5749, p834; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2661
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoon, Soon-Chang
AU  - Won, Jae-Gwang
AU  - Omar, Ali H.
AU  - Kim, Sang-Woo
AU  - Sohn, Byung-Ju
T1  - Estimation of the radiative forcing by key aerosol types in worldwide locations using a column model and AERONET data
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2005/11/11/
VL  - 39
IS  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 6620
EP  - 6630
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: The aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) is calculated using aerosol robotic network (AERONET) data, and based on aerosol categorization results, the global ADRF is estimated. The CRM-2.1.2, a stand-alone version of the radiative transfer model implemented in NCAR''s community climate model, CCM-3.6, is used for the evaluation. A method of determining the aerosol optical parameters is proposed for the ADRF calculation using AERONET data. Linear regression in the log–log plane makes it possible to represent the wavelength-dependent optical properties in the model using AERONET measurements. The local ADRF is estimated at Gosan, Jeju in Korea in Spring from 2001 to 2003, and the ground-based radiation measurements during the ACE-Asia IOP are used to validate the calculation. Using 3 years of AERONET data, the mean forcing efficiency at 500nm at Gosan in Spring season is evaluated as −80.5±13.2Wm−2 at the surface and −29.9±4.9Wm−2 at the top of atmosphere (TOA). The seasonal variations of the ADRF at eight AERONET sites are calculated from AERONET climatology data. The ADRF calculation at the TOA is compared with the CERES/Terra measurement, and the comparison verifies that the methodology used in this study is suitable for the global ADRF evaluation. Finally, the ADRF values in 14 regions are evaluated. Large ADRF values in Asia and Sahara regions suggest the relative importance of the aerosols on the energy budget in these regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems -- Measurement
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - ACE-Asia
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF)
KW  - CRM-2.1.2
KW  - Wavelength-dependent optical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 18745337; Yoon, Soon-Chang 1 Won, Jae-Gwang 2; Email Address: wonjg@kma.go.kr Omar, Ali H. 3 Kim, Sang-Woo 1 Sohn, Byung-Ju 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea  2: Korea Meteorological Administration, Seoul 156-720, Korea  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 39 Issue 35, p6620; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems -- Measurement; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: ACE-Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF); Author-Supplied Keyword: CRM-2.1.2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wavelength-dependent optical properties; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.058
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18745337&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luchinsky, D. G.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V. N.
AU  - Smith, J.
T1  - Stochastic Model Reconstruction From Incomplete Noisy Measurements.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/11/14/
VL  - 800
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 539
EP  - 545
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A technique of reconstruction of both unknown state and unknown vector-field of stochastic nonlinear dynamical system is introduced. It is based on the application of the path-integral theory to the full Bayesian inference and extended Kalman filter theory. We illustrate the application of this technique to the reconstruction of the model of FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillator from the corrupted by noise measurements. A number of important unsolved problems is identified. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 18905130; Luchinsky, D. G. 1; Email Address: d.luchinsky@lancaster.ac.uk Smelyanskiy, V. N. 2 Smith, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK  2: Newstead Mission Critical Technologies Inc., 9100 Wilshire Blvd. Suite 540 East Beverly Hills, CA 90212-3437  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 800 Issue 1, p539; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2138665
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18905130&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osipov, V. V.
AU  - Petukhov, A. G.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V. N.
T1  - Complete spin polarization of electrons in semiconductor layers and quantum dots.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/11/14/
VL  - 87
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 202112
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We demonstrate that nonequilibrium electrons in thin nonmagnetic semiconductor layers or quantum dots can be fully spin polarized by means of simultaneous electrical spin injection and extraction. The complete spin polarization is achieved if the thin layers or quantum dots are placed between two ferromagnetic metal contacts with moderate spin injection coefficients and antiparallel magnetizations. The sign of the spin polarization is determined by the direction of the current. Applications of this effect in spintronics and quantum information processing are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - MAGNETIZATION
KW  - SPINTRONICS
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
N1  - Accession Number: 19005729; Osipov, V. V. 1,2; Email Address: osipov@email.arc.nasa.gov Petukhov, A. G. 3 Smelyanskiy, V. N. 2; Affiliation:  1: New Physics Devices, LLC, 2041 Rosecrans Avenue, El Segundo, California 90245  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701; Source Info: 11/14/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 20, p202112; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: SPINTRONICS; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2128060
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19005729&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Smith, Joseph G.
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Lowther, Sharon E.
AU  - Working, Dennis C.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
T1  - Polyimide/silica hybrid-clay nanocomposites
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2005/11/14/
VL  - 46
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 9694
EP  - 9701
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: A hybrid-clay nanocomposite was prepared by dispersing organically modified layered silicates (organoclay) into an organic–inorganic hybrid matrix. Layered silicates were dispersed in a hybrid matrix consisting of an alkoxysilane terminated amide acid oligomer and tetraethoxysilane. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD) confirmed uniform dispersion and a high degree of predominantly exfoliated layered silicates. Storage modulus of the hybrid film containing 5wt% exfoliated clay was 300% higher above the glass transition temperature and 30% higher at room temperature. The room temperature tensile strength and elongation to break decreased moderately with increasing clay loading. This approach provided a means of achieving excellent dispersion of predominantly exfoliated clay by reacting hydroxyl groups in the inorganic and organic precursors with hydroxyl groups at the edges of the clay layers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLAY
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - SILANE compounds
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - Clay
KW  - Nanocomposite
KW  - Organic–inorganic hybrid
N1  - Accession Number: 18781500; Park, Cheol 1; Email Address: c.park@larc.nasa.gov Smith, Joseph G. 2 Connell, John W. 2 Lowther, Sharon E. 2 Working, Dennis C. 2 Siochi, Emilie J. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, MS-226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS-226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 46 Issue 23, p9694; Subject Term: CLAY; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: SILANE compounds; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic–inorganic hybrid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18781500&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morales-Cruz, Angel L.
AU  - Keuls, Fred W. Van
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
AU  - Cabrera, Carlos R.
T1  - Self-assembled monolayers and chemical derivatization of Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films: Applications in phase shifter devices
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2005/11/15/
VL  - 252
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 981
EP  - 995
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Thin films of barium strontium titanate (Ba1−x Sr x  TiO3 (BSTO)) have been used in coupled microstrip phase shifters (CMPS) for possible insertion in satellite and wireless communication platforms primarily because of their high dielectric constant, low loss, large tunability, and good structural stability. In an attempt to improve the figure of merit K (phase shift °/dB of loss) of phase shifters, modification of the metal/BSTO interface of these devices has been done through surface modification of the BSTO layer using a self-assembled monolayer approach. The impact of this nanotechnology promises to reduce RF losses by improving the quality of the metal/BSTO interface. In this study, compounds such as 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), 16-mercaptohexadecanois acid (MHDA) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were used to form the self-assembled monolayers on the BSTO surface. As a result of the previous modification, chemical derivatization of the self-assembled monolayers was done in order to increase the chain length. Chemical derivatization was done using 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APS) and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid. Surface chemical analysis was done to reveal the composition of the derivatization via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). Low and high frequencies measurements of phase shifters were done in order measure the performance of these devices for insertion in antennas. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of modified BSTO thin films with MPS showed a binding energy peak at 162.9eV, indicative of a possible Stion: sulfur of the mercapto compound, MPS, used to modify the surface with the oxygen site of the BSTO thin film. This interaction is at higher binding energies compared with the thiolate interaction. This behavior is observed with the other mercapto compounds such as: MHDA and MPA. An FT-IR analysis present a band at 780cm−1, which is characteristic of an Oh name="sbnd" />C stretching and reveals the modification of the BSTO thin film by the coupling of the O of the BSTO with the S of the mercapto compound. All the modification using mercapto compounds is through sulfur to the BSTO thin film. MHDA SAM on BSTO thin film was chemically derivatized using APS shown by XPS and FT-IR. The SAMs modified phase shifters showed an improvement in performance with respect to those phase shifters fabricated with standard methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - 16-Mercaptohexadecanoic acid
KW  - 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane
KW  - 3-Mercaptopropionic acid
KW  - 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane
KW  - Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3
KW  - Coupled microstrip phase shifters
KW  - Self-assembled monolayers
KW  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 18779421; Morales-Cruz, Angel L. 1 Keuls, Fred W. Van 2 Miranda, Félix A. 3 Cabrera, Carlos R. 1; Email Address: ccabrera@cnnet.clu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, P.O. Box 23346, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 252 Issue 4, p981; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: 16-Mercaptohexadecanoic acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3-Mercaptopropionic acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3-Mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coupled microstrip phase shifters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-assembled monolayers; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.152
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18779421&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, Randy L.
AU  - Tomasek, Aaron J.
AU  - King, James D.
T1  - A method for structural characterization of the range of cylindrical nanocarbons: Nanotubes to nanofibers
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2005/11/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2918
EP  - 2930
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: Given the wealth of carbon multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and nanofiber synthesis strategies and resulting forms, there is an increasing need to better classify these materials in terms of their nanostructure. Apart from distinguishing the different nanoforms, such classification may be particularly useful for relating MWNT or nanofiber performance within various applications to their nanostructure. Demonstrated here is the use of image analysis algorithms applied to high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of MWNTs and nanofibers. The analysis of the HRTEM images allowed for four separate measurements to quantify the graphitic content of the nanotube and nanofiber samples. Each measurement was based upon the features of individual carbon layer plane segments, which appear as fringes in HRTEM images. These measures included fringe length, separation, tortuosity and orientation. Distributions in the form of histograms serve to quantify data contained in the HRTEM images as represented by these parameters. Such information can serve as a measure of the physical characteristics and resulting chemical and mechanical properties of the nanotubes, nanofibers and their utility in applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - CHEMICALS
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - HRTEM
KW  - Image analysis
KW  - Nanofiber
KW  - Nanostructure
N1  - Accession Number: 18273766; Vander Wal, Randy L.; Email Address: randy@rvander.grc.nasa.gov Tomasek, Aaron J. 1 King, James D. 1; Affiliation:  1: The NCSER at The NASA-Glenn Research Center, M.S. 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 43 Issue 14, p2918; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: CHEMICALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: HRTEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanofiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.06.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18273766&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shukla, Satyajit
AU  - Peng Zhang
AU  - Cho, Hyoung J.
AU  - Zia Rahman
AU  - Drake, Christina
AU  - Seal, Sudipta
AU  - Craciun, Valentin
AU  - Ludwig, Lawrence
T1  - Hydrogen-discriminating nanocrystalline doped-tin-oxide room-temperature microsensor.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2005/11/15/
VL  - 98
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 104306
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Highly hydrogen (H2)-selective [relative to carbon monoxide (CO)] sensor, operating at room temperature, has been fabricated using the micronanointegration approach involving the deposition of the nanocrystalline indium oxide (In2O3)-doped tin oxide (SnO2) thin film on microelectromechanical systems device. The present microsensor exhibits high room-temperature sensitivity towards H2 (S=12 700); however, it is insensitive to CO at room temperature. In view of the different gas selectivity mechanisms proposed in the literature, it is deduced that the In2O3 doping, the presence of InSn4 phase, the low operating temperature (room temperature), the mesostructure, the small sizes of H2 and H2O molecules, the bulky intermediate and final reaction products for CO, and the electrode placement at the bottom are the critical parameters, which significantly contribute to the high room-temperature H2 selectivity of the present microsensor over CO. The constitutive equation for the gas sensitivity of the semiconductor oxide thin-film sensor, proposed recently by the authors, has been modified to qualitatively explain the observed H2 selectivity behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 19214951; Shukla, Satyajit 1; Email Address: sshukla@ucf.edu Peng Zhang 1 Cho, Hyoung J. 1 Zia Rahman 1 Drake, Christina 1 Seal, Sudipta 1; Email Address: sseal@mail.ucf.edu Craciun, Valentin 2 Ludwig, Lawrence 3; Affiliation:  1: Surface Engineering and Nanotechnology Facility (SNF), Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC) and Mechanical Materials Aerospace Engineering (MMAE) Department, Engineering 381, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816  2: Materials Science and Engineering, 100 Rhines Hall, University of Florida, P.O. Box 116400, Gainesville, Florida 32611  3: Electronics and Data Acquisition Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center (KSC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Florida 32899; Source Info: 11/15/2005, Vol. 98 Issue 10, p104306; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2132095
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunyou Wang
T1  - An eight-degree-of-freedom quantum dynamics study for the H2+C2H system.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2005/11/15/
VL  - 123
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 194302
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - An eight-degree-of-freedom (8DOF) time-dependent wave-packet approach has been developed to study the H2+C2H→H+C2H2 reaction system. The 8DOF model is obtained by fixing one of the Jacobi torsion angle in the nine-degree-of-freedom AB+CDE reaction system. This study is an extension of the previous seven-degree-of-freedom (7DOF) computation [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 12057 (2003)] of this reaction system. This study shows that vibrational excitations of H2 enhance the reaction probability, whereas the stretching vibrational excitations of C2H have only a small effect on the reactivity. Furthermore, the bending excitation of C2H, compared to the ground-state reaction probability, hinders the reactivity. A comparison of the rate constant between the 7DOF calculation and the present 8DOF results has been made. The theoretical and experimental results agree with each other very well when the present 8DOF results are adjusted to account for the lower transition state barrier heights found in recent ab initio calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - ELASTIC solids
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - WAVE packets
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 19071164; Dunyou Wang 1; Email Address: dywang@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Eloret, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000.; Source Info: 11/15/2005, Vol. 123 Issue 19, p194302; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: ELASTIC solids; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: WAVE packets; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2122707
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19071164&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Levy, Doron
T1  - Balanced Central Schemes for the Shallow Water Equations on Unstructured Grids.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2005/11/15/
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 532
PB  - Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics
SN  - 10648275
AB  - We present a two-dimensional, well-balanced, central-upwind scheme for approximating solutions of the shallow water equations in the presence of a stationary bottom topography on triangular meshes. Our starting point is the recent central scheme of Kurganov and Petrova (KP) for approximating solutions of conservation laws on triangular meshes. In order to extend this scheme from systems of conservation laws to systems of balance laws one has to find an appropriate discretization of the source terms. We first show that for general triangulations there is no discretization of the source terms that corresponds to a well-balanced form of the KP scheme. We then derive a new variant of a central scheme that can be balanced on triangular meshes. We note in passing that it is straightforward to extend the KP scheme to general unstructured conformal meshes. This extension allows us to recover our previous well-balanced scheme on Cartesian grids. We conclude with several simulations, verifying the second-order accuracy of our scheme as well as its well-balanced properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - HYPERBOLIC differential equations
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - ALGEBRA
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - balance laws
KW  - central schemes
KW  - shallow water equations
KW  - unstructured grids
N1  - Accession Number: 18844458; Bryson, Steve 1; Email Address: bryson@nas.nasa.gov Levy, Doron 2; Email Address: dlevy@math.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Program in Scientific Computing/Computational Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 and the NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  2: Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2125; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p532; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC differential equations; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ALGEBRA; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: balance laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: central schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: shallow water equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: unstructured grids; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1137/040605539
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18844458&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Jackson, Bradley W.
T1  - Density Estimation via Optimal Segmentation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/11/23/
VL  - 803
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 96
EP  - 103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A simple algorithm finds the partition of a data interval optimizing the fitness of a model that represents the underlying signal as constant over the elements of the partition. Using dynamic programming the exponentially large space of partitions of N data points is implicitly but exhaustively searched in time O(N2). This paper also describes an extension to optimal partitions of higher dimensional data spaces, with application to multivariate signal processing, image processing, cluster analysis, density estimation in 3-dimensional redshift surveys, etc. The algorithm finds the exact global optimum, automatically determines the model order (the number of segments), and has a convenient real-time mode. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - combinatorial optimization
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Numerical optimization
KW  - statistical methods
KW  - Time series analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 19005518; Scargle, Jeffrey D. 1 Jackson, Bradley W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Division, pace SNASA Ames Research Center  2: Mathematics Department, San Jose State University; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 803 Issue 1, p96; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: combinatorial optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: statistical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time series analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2149784
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19005518&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morris, Robin D.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
AU  - Millonas, Mark
T1  - Parameter and Structure Inference for Nonlinear Dynamical Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/11/23/
VL  - 803
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 120
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A great many systems can be modeled in the nonlinear dynamical systems framework, as x = f(x) + ξ(t), where f() is the potential function for the system, and ξ is the excitation noise. Modeling the potential using a set of basis functions, we derive the posterior for the basis coefficients. A more challenging problem is to determine the set of basis functions that are required to model a particular system. We use the Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC) to rank models, together with the beam search to search the space of models. We show that we can accurately determine the structure of simple nonlinear dynamical system models, and the structure of the coupling between nonlinear dynamical systems where the individual systems are known. This last case has important ecological applications. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - beam search
KW  - BIC
KW  - nonlinear dynamical system
KW  - population dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 19005516; Morris, Robin D. 1 Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. 2 Millonas, Mark 2; Affiliation:  1: USRA-RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 803 Issue 1, p112; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: beam search; Author-Supplied Keyword: BIC; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonlinear dynamical system; Author-Supplied Keyword: population dynamics; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2149786
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19005516&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stutz, John C.
T1  - Experience With Bayesian Image Based Surface Modeling.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/11/23/
VL  - 803
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 215
EP  - 222
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Bayesian surface modeling from images requires modeling both the surface and the image generation process, in order to optimize the models by comparing actual and generated images. Thus it differs greatly, both conceptually and in computational difficulty, from conventional vusual surface recovery techniques. But it offers the possibility of generating a single surface model that fuses all available information, from any number of images, taken under quite different conditions, and by different instruments that provide independent and often complementary information. I describe an implemented system, with a brief introduction to the underlying mathematical models and the compromises made for computational efficiency. I describe successes and failures achieved on actual imagery, where we went wrong and what we did right, and how our approach could be improved. Lastly I discuss how the same approach can be extended to distinct types of instruments, to achieve true sensor fusion. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - SURFACES (Physics)
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - data fusion
KW  - generative modeling
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - vision
N1  - Accession Number: 19005504; Stutz, John C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 803 Issue 1, p215; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: SURFACES (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: generative modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: vision; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2149798
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19005504&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuehnel, Frank O.
T1  - Local Frame Junction Trees in SLAM.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/11/23/
VL  - 803
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 318
EP  - 329
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Junction trees (JT) is a general purpose tool for exact inference on graphical models. Many of the existing algorithms for building junction trees require a fixed static graphical model. The construction process is not unique, finding the one with the best computational structure (smallest clique size) is also a hard problem. For large scale inference problems, such as Geo-referencing using triangular geodetic networks or equivalent, the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem in robotics pose some challenges to junction tree applications. Incremental junction tree techniques for dynamic graphical models prescribe heuristic methods for growing the tree structure, and are applicable to large scale graphical models. Of concern are the proliferative widening of the tree, which makes message passing expensive. In the context of SLAM we present a new apporach that exploits the local frame dependence of novel observation variables. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHICAL modeling (Statistics)
KW  - INFERENCE (Logic)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - GEODESY
KW  - ROBOTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 19005492; Kuehnel, Frank O. 1; Affiliation:  1: USRA/RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 803 Issue 1, p318; Subject Term: GRAPHICAL modeling (Statistics); Subject Term: INFERENCE (Logic); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: GEODESY; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2149810
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19005492&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheeseman, Peter
AU  - Stutz, John
T1  - Generalized Maximum Entropy.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/11/23/
VL  - 803
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 374
EP  - 381
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A long standing mystery in using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) is how to deal with constraints whose values are uncertain. This situation arises when constraint values are estimated from data, because of finite sample sizes. One approach to this problem, advocated by E.T. Jaynes, is to ignore this uncertainty, and treat the empirically observed values as exact. We refer to this as the classic MaxEnt approach. Classic MaxEnt gives point probabilities (subject to the given constraints), rather than probability densities. We develop an alternative approach that assumes that the uncertain constraint values are represented by a probability density (e.g. a Gaussian), and this uncertainty yields a MaxEnt posterior probability density. That is, the classic MaxEnt point probabilities are regarded as a multidimensional function of the given constraint values, and uncertainty on these values is transmitted through the MaxEnt function to give uncertainty over the MaxEnt probabilities. We illustrate this approach by explicitly calculating the generalized MaxEnt density for a simple but common case, then show how this can be extended numerically to the general case. This paper expands the generalized MaxEnt concept introduced in a previous paper. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAXIMUM entropy method
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
N1  - Accession Number: 19005486; Cheeseman, Peter 1 Stutz, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NICTA, Locked Bag 6016, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 1466, Australia  2: MS 269-1, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 803 Issue 1, p374; Subject Term: MAXIMUM entropy method; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2149816
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19005486&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bollimunta, Anil
AU  - Knuth, Kevin
AU  - Mingzhou Ding
T1  - Coping with trial-to-trial variability of event-related neuronal spike trains: A Bayesian perspective.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/11/23/
VL  - 803
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 543
EP  - 551
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Event-related single unit spike trains are known to have trial-to-trial variability in both amplitude and latency. A Bayesian inference framework for estimating amplitude and latency variability in single trial neuronal spike trains is presented. The firing rate over a trial is modeled by a family of rate profiles with trial invariant waveform and trial dependent amplitude scaling factors and latency shifts. A Maximum a Posteriori solution of the model is implemented via an iterative algorithm from which the single trial amplitude scaling factors and latency shifts are estimated. We test the performance of the algorithm on simulated data. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ALGEBRA
KW  - ARITHMETIC -- Foundations
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 19005466; Bollimunta, Anil 1 Knuth, Kevin 2 Mingzhou Ding 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA  2: Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 803 Issue 1, p543; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ALGEBRA; Subject Term: ARITHMETIC -- Foundations; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2149836
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Zhu, Yuntian T.
AU  - Horita, Zenji
AU  - Xia, Kenong
AU  - Berbon, Patrick B.
AU  - Raj, Sai V.
AU  - Chokshi, Atul H.
AU  - Kostorz, Gernot
T1  - The Langdon Symposium: Flow and Forming of Crystalline Materials
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2005/11/25/
VL  - 410-411
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
SN  - 09215093
N1  - Accession Number: 19119844; Zhu, Yuntian T. 1; Email Address: yzhu@lanl.gov Horita, Zenji 2 Xia, Kenong 3 Berbon, Patrick B. 4 Raj, Sai V. 5 Chokshi, Atul H. 6 Kostorz, Gernot 7; Affiliation:  1: Primary Organizer, Los Alamos National Laboratory Division, Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  2: Kyushu University, Japan  3: University of Melbourne, Australia  4: Rockwell Scientific Company, USA  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA  6: Indian Institute of Science, India  7: ETH Zurich, Switzerland; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 410-411, p1; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.106
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernard-Salas, J.
AU  - Houck, J. R.
AU  - Pottasch, S. R.
AU  - Peeters, E.
T1  - Mid-IR Spectroscopy of Planetary Nebulae in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2005/11/28/
VL  - 804
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 60
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The use of infrared observations has improved the abundance determination in galactic nebulae because it avoids/reduces many problems usually encountered when deriving abundances using optical or ultraviolet data. Furthermore, the peak of dust emission occurs in the infrared and features such as PAHs and silicates can only be studied in this part of the spectrum. The unprecedented sensitivity of the Spitzer Space Telescope makes the study of planetary nebulae outside the Milky Way in the infrared possible. We present the first results of the guaranteed-time-observations program which has been designed to study a number of planetary nebulae in the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds using the Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. © 2005 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - DWARF galaxies
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photography
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MILKY Way
N1  - Accession Number: 19005612; Bernard-Salas, J. 1 Houck, J. R. 1 Pottasch, S. R. 2 Peeters, E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cornell University, 219 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801  2: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 804 Issue 1, p56; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: DWARF galaxies; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photography; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MILKY Way; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2146226
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, G.
AU  - Tang, J.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Qin, L. C.
AU  - Woodson, M.
AU  - Liu, J.
AU  - Kim, J. W.
AU  - Lillehei, P. T.
AU  - Park, C.
AU  - Zhou, O.
T1  - Erratum: “Magnetic nanowire based high resolution magnetic force microscope probes” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 123507 (2005)].
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/11/28/
VL  - 87
IS  - 22
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 229901
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The article presents a correction to the article "Magnetic Nanowire Based High Resolution Magnetic Force Microscope Probes," that was published in the October 2005 issue of the "Applied Physics Letters."
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 19071231; Yang, G. 1 Tang, J. 2 Kato, S. 2 Zhang, Q. 3 Qin, L. C. 3 Woodson, M. 4 Liu, J. 4 Kim, J. W. 5 Lillehei, P. T. 6 Park, C. 7 Zhou, O. 3; Email Address: zhou@physics.unc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599  2: National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy and Curriculum in Applied and Materials Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599  4: Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708  5: Science and Technology Corp., Hampton, Virginia 23666  6: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, MS-226 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  7: National Institute of Aerospace, MS-226 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 11/28/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 22, p229901; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1063/1.2132522
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knoll, Andrew H.
AU  - Carr, Michael
AU  - Clark, Benton
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Farmer, Jack D.
AU  - Fischer, Woodward W.
AU  - Grotzinger, John P.
AU  - McLennan, Scott M.
AU  - Malin, Michael
AU  - Schröder, Christian
AU  - Squyres, Steven
AU  - Tosca, Nicholas J.
AU  - Wdowiak, Thomas
T1  - An astrobiological perspective on Meridiani Planum
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2005/11/30/
VL  - 240
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 189
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Sedimentary rocks exposed in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars record aqueous and eolian deposition in ancient dune and interdune playa-like environments that were arid, acidic, and oxidizing. On Earth, microbial populations have repeatedly adapted to low pH and both episodic and chronic water limitation, suggesting that, to a first approximation, the Meridiani plain may have been habitable during at least part of the interval when deposition and early diagenesis took place. On the other hand, the environmental conditions inferred for Meridiani deposition would have posed a challenge for prebiotic chemical reactions thought to have played a role in the origin of life on Earth. Orbital observations suggest that the combination of sulfate minerals and hematite found in Meridiani rocks may be unusual on the martian surface; however, there is reason to believe that acidity, aridity, and oxidizing conditions were broadly distributed on ancient Mars. When these conditions were established and how much environmental heterogeneity existed on early Mars remain to be determined. Because sulfates and iron oxides can preserve detailed geochemical records of environmental history as well as chemical, textural and microfossil signatures of biological activity, Meridiani Planum is an attractive candidate for Mars sample return. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Environmental history
KW  - Mars
KW  - Meridiani Planum
KW  - Microbiology
N1  - Accession Number: 19043829; Knoll, Andrew H. 1; Email Address: aknoll@oeb.harvard.edu Carr, Michael 2 Clark, Benton 3 Des Marais, David J. 4 Farmer, Jack D. 5 Fischer, Woodward W. 1 Grotzinger, John P. 6 McLennan, Scott M. 7 Malin, Michael 8 Schröder, Christian 9 Squyres, Steven 10 Tosca, Nicholas J. 7 Wdowiak, Thomas 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: United States Geological Survey 345 Middlefield Rd., MS 975, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA  3: Ma Lockheed Martin Corporation, MS8000, PO Box 179, 12257 State Highway 121, Littleton, CO 80127, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA  6: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  7: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA  8: Malin Space Science Systems, PO Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191, USA  9: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Staudinger Weg 9, D-55128 Mainz, Germany  10: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  11: Department of Physics, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Source Info: Nov2005, Vol. 240 Issue 1, p179; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental history; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meridiani Planum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2005.09.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - Palmer, Grant E.
AU  - Levin, Eugene
T1  - Recommended Collision Integrals for Transport Property Computations, Part 1: Air Species.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 43
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2558
EP  - 2564
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A review of the best-available data for calculating a complete set of binary collision integral data for the computation of the mixture transport properties (viscosity, thermal conductivity, and ordinary and thermal diffusion) of 13-species weakly ionized air is presented. Although the fidelity of the data varies, all collision integrals presented herein, except for electron-neutral interactions, are estimated to be accurate to within 25% over the temperature range of interest (300–15,000 K) for reentry and laboratory plasmas. In addition, most of the dominant atom-atom and atom-ion interactions for dissociated weakly ionized air were derived from ab initio methods that are estimated to be accurate to within 10%. The accuracy and valid temperature range for electron-neutral interactions vary because of scarcity of the required cross-sectional data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Physics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 19273731; Wright, Michael J. 1 Bose, Deepak 1 Palmer, Grant E. 1 Levin, Eugene 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 43 Issue 12, p2558; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Physics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moss, James N.
AU  - Bird, Graeme A.
T1  - Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Simulations of Hypersonic Flows with Shock Interactions.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 43
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2565
EP  - 2573
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The capabilities of a relatively new direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) code are examined for the problem of hypersonic laminar shock/shock and shock/boundary-layer interactions, where boundary-layer separation is an important feature of the flow. Flow about two model configurations is considered, where both configurations (a biconic and a hollow cylinder-flare) have recent published experimental measurements. The computations are made using the DS2V code of Bird, a general two-dimensional/axisymmetric time-accurate code. The current focus is on flows produced in ground-based facilities at Mach 12 and 16 test conditions with nitrogen as the test gas and the test models at zero incidence. The freestream Knudsen numbers, with the characteristic length equal to the test model diameter, range from 0.0008 to 0.0004, consequently demanding computations for DSMC simulations. Results presented highlight the sensitivity of the calculations to grid resolution, sensitivity to physical modeling parameters, and comparison with experimental measurements. Information is provided concerning the flow structure and surface results for the extent of separation, heating, pressure, and skin friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 19273732; Moss, James N. 1; Email Address: j.n.moss@larc.nasa.gov Bird, Graeme A. 2; Email Address: gabird@compuserve.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: G.A.B. Consulting Pty. Ltd., Sydney, New South Wales 2000, Australia; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 43 Issue 12, p2565; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bada, Jeffrey L.
AU  - Sephton, Mark A.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Mathies, Richard A.
AU  - Skelley, Allison M.
AU  - Grunthaner, Frank J.
AU  - Zent, Aaron P.
AU  - Quinn, Richard C.
AU  - Josset, Jean-Luc
AU  - Robert, François
AU  - Botta, Oliver
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
T1  - New strategies to detect life on Mars.
JO  - Astronomy & Geophysics
JF  - Astronomy & Geophysics
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 6.26
EP  - 6.27
SN  - 13668781
AB  - If we are to find unequivocal evidence for life on Mars, we will need new ways to search for it. Jeff L Bada and the MOD team describe the innovative strategy developed for the ExoMars mission. The quest to determine whether life existed, or still exists, on Mars continues with several missions planned for the red planet by both the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the next few decades. One instrument designed for these missions is the Mars Organic Detector (MOD), which uses a new approach to achieve exceptionally high detection sensitivities and analysis capabilities for key bio-organic compounds. MOD is scheduled to fly in the ESA ExoMars mission early next decade and will attempt to answer the question of whether we are alone in the solar system. Here the MOD team explains why we have reason to be optimistic about uncovering the organic secrets of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Geophysics is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 18981191; Bada, Jeffrey L. 1 Sephton, Mark A. 2 Ehrenfreund, Pascale 3 Mathies, Richard A. 4 Skelley, Allison M. 4 Grunthaner, Frank J. 5 Zent, Aaron P. 6 Quinn, Richard C. 6 Josset, Jean-Luc 7 Robert, François 8 Botta, Oliver 9 Glavin, Daniel P. 9; Affiliation:  1: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego  2: Impacts and Astromaterials Research Centre, Dept of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London  3: Leiden Institute for Chemistry  4: Dept of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley  5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory  6: NASA Ames Research Center  7: SPACE-X Exploration Institute, Neuchâtel  8: Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris  9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p6.26; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1468-4004.2005.46626.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, Theodore L.
AU  - Charlson, Robert J.
AU  - Bellouin, Nicolas
AU  - Boucher, Olivier
AU  - Chin, Mian
AU  - Christopher, Sundar A.
AU  - Haywood, Jim
AU  - Kaufman, Yoram J.
AU  - Kinne, Stefan
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Takemura, Toshihiko
AU  - Tanré, Didier
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Yu, Hongbin
T1  - An “A-Train” Strategy for Quantifying Direct Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 86
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1809
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - This document outlines a practical strategy for achieving an observationally based quantification of direct climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols. The strategy involves a four-step program for shifting the current assumption-laden estimates to an increasingly empirical basis using satellite observations coordinated with suborbital remote and in situ measurements and with chemical transport models. Conceptually, the problem is framed as a need for complete global mapping of four parameters: clear-sky aerosol optical depth δ, radiative efficiency per unit optical depth E, fine-mode fraction of optical depth ff, and the anthropogenic fraction of the fine mode faf. The first three parameters can be retrieved from satellites, but correlative, suborbital measurements are required for quantifying the aerosol properties that control E, for validating the retrieval of ff, and for partitioning fine-mode δ between natural and anthropogenic components. The satellite focus is on the “A-Train,” a constellation of six spacecraft that will fly in formation from about 2005 to 2008. Key satellite instruments for this report are the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiometers on Aqua, the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) radiometer on Aura, the Polarization and Directionality of Earth's Reflectances (POLDER) polarimeter on the Polarization and Anistropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Sciences Coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL), and the Cloud and Aerosol Lider with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar on the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). This strategy is offered as an initial framework—subject to improvement over time—for scientists around the world to participate in the A-Train opportunity. It is a specific implementation of the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON) program, presented earlier in this journal, which identified the integration of diverse data as the central challenge to progress in quantifying global-scale aerosol effects. By designing a strategy around this need for integration, we develop recommendations for both satellite data interpretation and correlative suborbital activities that represent, in many respects, departures from current practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
N1  - Accession Number: 19441695; Anderson, Theodore L. 1; Email Address: tadand@u.washington.edu Charlson, Robert J. 1 Bellouin, Nicolas 2 Boucher, Olivier 2 Chin, Mian 3 Christopher, Sundar A. 4 Haywood, Jim 2 Kaufman, Yoram J. 3 Kinne, Stefan 2 Ogren, John A. 5 Remer, Lorraine A. 3 Takemura, Toshihiko 6 Tanré, Didier 7 Torres, Omar 8 Trepte, Charles R. 9 Wielicki, Bruce A. 9 Winker, David M. 9 Yu, Hongbin 10; Affiliation:  1: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  2: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  4: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama  5: NOAA/CMDL, Boulder, Colorado  6: Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Kyushu, Japan  7: University of Lille, Lille, France  8: JCTE University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  10: University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 86 Issue 12, p1795; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-86-12-1795
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gates, T.S.
AU  - Odegard, G.M.
AU  - Frankland, S.J.V.
AU  - Clancy, T.C.
T1  - Computational materials: Multi-scale modeling and simulation of nanostructured materials
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 65
IS  - 15/16
M3  - Article
SP  - 2416
EP  - 2434
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: The paper provides details on the current approach to multi-scale modeling and simulation of advanced materials for structural applications. Examples are given that illustrate the suggested approaches to predicting the behavior and influencing the design of nanostructured materials such as high-performance polymers, composites, and nanotube-reinforced polymers. Primary simulation and measurement methods applicable to multi-scale modeling are outlined. Key challenges including verification and validation are highlighted and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - SUPRAMOLECULAR chemistry
KW  - DENDRIMERS
KW  - Computational materials
KW  - Multi-scale modeling
KW  - Nanotechnology
N1  - Accession Number: 18952611; Gates, T.S. 1; Email Address: t.s.gates@larc.nasa.gov Odegard, G.M. 2 Frankland, S.J.V. 3 Clancy, T.C. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 65 Issue 15/16, p2416; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: SUPRAMOLECULAR chemistry; Subject Term: DENDRIMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-scale modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanotechnology; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.06.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18952611&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, G. L.
AU  - Mochena, M. D.
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., C. W.
T1  - Dissociative and Associative Attachment of CO, N2, and NO to Iron Clusters Fe4, Fe4-, and Fe4+.
JO  - Computing Letters
JF  - Computing Letters
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 229
SN  - 15740404
AB  - The lowest energy states of NFe4N, NFe4O, Fe4N2, Fe4NO, and CFe4O, along with their singly negatively and positively charged ions, are optimized using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation functional (DFT-GGA). It is found that NO attaches dissociatively, independent of the charge on the Fe4 cluster, while N2 attaches dissociatively to Fe4 and Fe4-, but associatively to Fe4+. CO attaches associatively independent of the cluster charge. The results of these computations, along with the results of previous calculations, are used for evaluating the energetics of Fe4A+B→Fe4C +D, where A, B, C, and D are C, O, N, their dimers, or NCO. A strong dependence on the order of attachment of reagents to the Fe4 cluster is observed. For example, the Fe4CO+O2→Fe4O+CO2 is highly exothermic (-4.48 eV), while the complimentary reaction Fe4O2 + CO → Fe4O+CO2 is endothermic (+0.43 eV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computing Letters is the property of Brill Academic Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON
KW  - CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics)
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - DIMERS
KW  - ANTIFERROMAGNETIC STATES
KW  - CHARGED 3D-METAL CLUSTERS
KW  - charged 3d-metal clusters, antiferromagnetic states
KW  - CO
KW  - DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY
KW  - density functional theory, iron clusters, dissociation of N2, NO, CO
KW  - DISSOCIATION OF N2
KW  - IRON CLUSTERS
KW  - NO
N1  - Accession Number: 20467233; Gutsev, G. L. 1 Mochena, M. D. 1; Email Address: gennady.gutsev@famu.edu Bauschlicher Jr., C. W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307  2: Mail Stop 230-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p220; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Subject Term: DIMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: ANTIFERROMAGNETIC STATES; Author-Supplied Keyword: CHARGED 3D-METAL CLUSTERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: charged 3d-metal clusters, antiferromagnetic states; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY; Author-Supplied Keyword: density functional theory, iron clusters, dissociation of N2, NO, CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISSOCIATION OF N2; Author-Supplied Keyword: IRON CLUSTERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1163/157404005776611385
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20467233&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, C.
AU  - Klooster, S.
AU  - Tan, P.
AU  - Steinbach, M.
AU  - Kumar, V.
AU  - Genovese, V.
T1  - Variability in terrestrial carbon sinks over two decades: Part 2 — Eurasia
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 186
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Abstract: We have analyzed 17 yr (1982–1998) of net carbon flux predictions from a simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover. The NASA-CASA model was driven by vegetation cover properties derived from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and radiative transfer algorithms that were developed for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We report that although the terrestrial ecosystem sink for atmospheric CO2 for the Eurasian region has been fairly consistent at between 0.3 and 0.6 Pg C per year since 1988, high interannual variability in net ecosystem production (NEP) fluxes can be readily identified at locations across the continent. Ten major areas of highest variability in NEP were detected: eastern Europe, the Iberian Peninsula, the Balkan states, Scandinavia, northern and western Russia, eastern Siberia, Mongolia and western China, and central India. Analysis of climate anomalies over this 17-yr time period suggests that variability in precipitation and surface solar irradiance could be associated with trends in carbon sink fluxes within such regions of high NEP variability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - EURASIA
KW  - carbon
KW  - ecosystems
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - soil
N1  - Accession Number: 19184836; Potter, C. 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Klooster, S. 2 Tan, P. 3 Steinbach, M. 3 Kumar, V. 3 Genovese, V. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States  2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, United States  3: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 49 Issue 3/4, p177; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: EURASIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaber, David B.
AU  - Wright, Melanie C.
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Clamann, Michael P.
AU  - Prinzel, Lawrence J 3rd
T1  - Adaptive automation of human-machine system information-processing functions.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2005///Winter2005
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - journal article
SP  - 730
EP  - 741
SN  - 00187208
AB  - The goal of this research was to describe the ability of human operators to interact with adaptive automation (AA) applied to various stages of complex systems information processing, defined in a model of human-automation interaction. Forty participants operated a simulation of an air traffic control task. Automated assistance was adaptively applied to information acquisition, information analysis, decision making, and action implementation aspects of the task based on operator workload states, which were measured using a secondary task. The differential effects of the forms of automation were determined and compared with a manual control condition. Results of two 20-min trials of AA or manual control revealed a significant effect of the type of automation on performance, particularly during manual control periods as part of the adaptive conditions. Humans appear to better adapt to AA applied to sensory and psychomotor information-processing functions (action implementation) than to AA applied to cognitive functions (information analysis and decision making), and AA is superior to completely manual control. Potential applications of this research include the design of automation to support air traffic controller information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - COMPUTER integrated manufacturing systems
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - AUTOMATION
N1  - Accession Number: 19864586; Kaber, David B. 1; Email Address: dbkabcr@ncsu.edti Wright, Melanie C. 2 Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 3 Clamann, Michael P. 4 Prinzel, Lawrence J 3rd; Affiliation:  1: North Carolina State University, Department of Industrial Engineering, 328 Riddick Labs, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7906  2: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Roads, Virginia  4: Micro Analysis & Design, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: Winter2005, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p730; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: COMPUTER integrated manufacturing systems; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources management; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: INFORMATION technology; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
T1  - Near-infrared (0.67–4.7 μm) optical constants estimated for montmorillonite
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 179
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 264
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Optical constants are estimated from near-infrared reflectance spectra of the smectite clay montmorillonite using an iterative combination of particulate scattering theory and Kramers–Kronig analysis. The final results provide wavelength dependent imaginary indices of refraction similar to previous studies, but in addition produce wavelength dependent real indices of refraction, unlike most previous studies. A comparison of the values derived here to those previously reported for montmorillonite shows that the maxima absorption coefficient values from the two studies are in excellent agreement, and in other wavelength regions the two studies agree to within about a factor of two. This suggests that the approach presented can provide a reliable mechanism of estimating the wavelength dependence of both the real and imaginary indices for materials at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The resulting near-infrared values are combined with mid-infrared values of the same sample to provide optical constants of montmorillonite over the 0.66–25 μm wavelength region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONTMORILLONITE
KW  - OPTICAL constants
KW  - PHYSICAL constants
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Planets
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 19009393; Roush, Ted L. 1; Email Address: troush@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 179 Issue 1, p259; Subject Term: MONTMORILLONITE; Subject Term: OPTICAL constants; Subject Term: PHYSICAL constants; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.06.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19009393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rezgui, Sana
AU  - Swift, Gary
AU  - Somervill, Kevin
AU  - George, Jeffrey
AU  - Carmichael, Carl
AU  - Allen, Gregory
T1  - Complex Upset Mitigation Applied to a Re-Configurable Embedded Processor.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2005/12//Dec2005 Part 1
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2468
EP  - 2474
SN  - 00189499
AB  - Soft-core processors implemented in static random access memory-based field-programmable-gate-arrays, while attractive to spacecraft designers, require upset mitigation. We investigate a proposed solution involving two levels of scrubbing plus triple modular redundancy and measure its in-beam performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IN-beam gamma ray spectroscopy
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - COMPUTER storage devices
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - IONS
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Embedded processors
KW  - field-programmable-gate-arrays (FPGAs)
KW  - radiation testing
N1  - Accession Number: 20230710; Rezgui, Sana 1; Email Address: sana.rezgui@xilinx.com Swift, Gary 2; Email Address: gary.m.swift@jpl.nasa.gov Somervill, Kevin 3; Email Address: kevin.m.somervill@nasa.gov George, Jeffrey 4; Email Address: Jeffrey.s.george@aero.org Carmichael, Carl 1 Allen, Gregory 2; Affiliation:  1: Xilinx, Inc., San Jose, CA 95124 USA.  2: Jet propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Electronic Systems Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA.  4: Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA.; Source Info: Dec2005 Part 1, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p2468; Subject Term: IN-beam gamma ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: COMPUTER storage devices; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Embedded processors; Author-Supplied Keyword: field-programmable-gate-arrays (FPGAs); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2005.860743
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20230710&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pickel, James C.
AU  - Reed, Robert A.
AU  - Ladbury, Ray
AU  - Marshall, Paul W.
AU  - Jordan, Thomas M.
AU  - Gee, George
AU  - Fodness, Bryan
AU  - McKelvey, Mark
AU  - McMurray, Robert
AU  - Ennico, Kim
AU  - McCreight, Craig
AU  - Waczynski, Augustyn
AU  - Polidan, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Johnson, Scott D.
AU  - Weller, Robert A.
AU  - Mendenhall, Marcus H.
AU  - Schrimpf, Ronald D.
T1  - Transient Radiation Effects in Ultra-Low Noise HgCdTe IR Detector Arrays for Space-Based Astronomy.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2005/12//Dec2005 Part 1
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2657
EP  - 2663
SN  - 00189499
AB  - We present measurements of proton-induced single event transients in ultra-low noise HgCdTe IR detector arrays being developed for space-based astronomy and compare to modeling results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - NUCLEAR track detectors
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - TEMPERATURE control
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductors
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - PARTICLE tracks (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - HgCdTe
KW  - IR detectors
KW  - single event transients
KW  - space-based astronomy
KW  - transient noise
N1  - Accession Number: 20230738; Pickel, James C. 1; Email Address: jim@pickel.net Reed, Robert A. 2 Ladbury, Ray 3 Marshall, Paul W. 4 Jordan, Thomas M. 5 Gee, George 6 Fodness, Bryan 6 McKelvey, Mark 7 McMurray, Robert 7 Ennico, Kim 7 McCreight, Craig 7 Waczynski, Augustyn 8 Polidan, Elizabeth J. 8 Johnson, Scott D. 8 Weller, Robert A. 2 Mendenhall, Marcus H. 2 Schrimpf, Ronald D. 2; Affiliation:  1: PR&T, Inc., Fallbrook, CA 92028 USA.  2: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37203 USA.  3: Orbital Sciences Corp., McLean, VA 22102 USA.  4: Consultant-NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.  5: EMP Consultants, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.  6: SGT, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  8: GST, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.; Source Info: Dec2005 Part 1, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p2657; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: NUCLEAR track detectors; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE control; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: PARTICLE tracks (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: HgCdTe; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: single event transients; Author-Supplied Keyword: space-based astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient noise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2005.860732
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20230738&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Keuls, F. W.
AU  - Varaljay, N. C.
AU  - Mueller, C. H.
AU  - Alterovitz, S. A.
AU  - Miranda, F. A.
AU  - Romanofsky, R. R.
T1  - A LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION TEST OF THIN FILM Ba x Sr 1-x TiO 3 MICROWAVE PHASE SHIFTERS FABRICATED ON LaAlO 3 SUBSTRATES.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 77
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 62
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Many individual tunable ferroelectric-based microwave components have demonstrated excellent performance. However data on the production of many identical devices has been lacking. This paper will present data from NASA Glenn Research Center's fabrication of 822 phase shifters using commercially obtained pulsed laser deposited Ba x Sr 1-x TiO 3 (BST) thin films. These phase shifters of identical design were fabricated on 31 BST-coated LaAlO 3 wafers. Issues of phase shifter performance, repeatability, yield, and long term stability will be addressed. Phase shifter tunability and insertion losses will be compared with BST microstructural film characteristics and also with manufacturing induced physical variations in the electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - DIELECTRIC films
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - MICROWAVE devices
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - BST
KW  - Ferroelectric
KW  - microwave
KW  - phase shifter
KW  - tunable
N1  - Accession Number: 19346149; Van Keuls, F. W. 1; Email Address: vankeuls@grc.nasa.gov Varaljay, N. C. 2 Mueller, C. H. 3 Alterovitz, S. A. 2 Miranda, F. A. 2 Romanofsky, R. R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, OH, 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA  3: Analex Inc., Brookpark, OH, 44142, USA; Source Info: 2005, Vol. 77 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC films; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: MICROWAVE devices; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Author-Supplied Keyword: BST; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase shifter; Author-Supplied Keyword: tunable; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580500414069
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19346149&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Jian H.
AU  - Kuang Sheng
AU  - Lebron-Velilla, Ramon C.
T1  - SILICON CARBIDE SCHOTTKY BARRIER DIODE.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 866
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 01291564
AB  - This chapter reviews the status of SiC Schottky barrier diode development. The fundamentals of Schottky barrier diodes are first provided, followed by the review of high-voltage SiC Schottky barrier diodes, junction-barrier Schottky diodes and merged-pin-Schottky diodes. The development history is reviewed and the key performance parameters are discussed. Applications of SiC SBDs in power electronics circuits as well as other areas such as gas sensors, microwave and UV detections are also presented, followed by discussion of remaining challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SILICON diodes
KW  - SCHOTTKY-barrier diodes
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR diodes
KW  - HIGH voltages
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 21949270; Zhao, Jian H. 1 Kuang Sheng 1 Lebron-Velilla, Ramon C. 2; Affiliation:  1: SiCLAB, Rutgers University, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleaveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p821; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SILICON diodes; Subject Term: SCHOTTKY-barrier diodes; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR diodes; Subject Term: HIGH voltages; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 26 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Bedka, Sarah T.
T1  - Bulk Scattering Properties for the Remote Sensing of Ice Clouds. Part I: Microphysical Data and Models.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1885
EP  - 1895
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - This study reports on the use of in situ data obtained in midlatitude and tropical ice clouds from airborne sampling probes and balloon-borne replicators as the basis for the development of bulk scattering models for use in satellite remote sensing applications. Airborne sampling instrumentation includes the two-dimensional cloud (2D-C), two-dimensional precipitation (2D-P), high-volume precipitation spectrometer (HVPS), cloud particle imager (CPI), and NCAR video ice particle sampler (VIPS) probes. Herein the development of a comprehensive set of microphysical models based on in situ measurements of particle size distributions (PSDs) is discussed. Two parameters are developed and examined: ice water content (IWC) and median mass diameter Dm. Comparisons are provided between the IWC and Dm values derived from in situ measurements obtained during a series of field campaigns held in the midlatitude and tropical regions and those calculated from a set of modeled ice particles used for light-scattering calculations. The ice particle types considered in this study include droxtals, hexagonal plates, solid columns, hollow columns, aggregates, and 3D bullet rosettes. It is shown that no single habit accurately replicates the derived IWC and Dm values, but a mixture of habits can significantly improve the comparison of these bulk microphysical properties. In addition, the relationship between Dm and the effective particle size Deff, defined as 1.5 times the ratio of ice particle volume to projected area for a given PSD, is investigated. Based on these results, a subset of microphysical models is chosen as the basis for the development of ice cloud bulk scattering models in Part II of this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - KIRKENDALL effect
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - REMOTE sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 19530538; Baum, Bryan A. 1,2; Email Address: bryan.baum@ssec.wisc.edu Heymsfield, Andrew J. 3 Yang, Ping 4 Bedka, Sarah T. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA LaRC, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  4: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  5: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Madison, Wisconsin; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p1885; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: KIRKENDALL effect; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Hu, Y.-X.
AU  - Bedka, Sarah T.
T1  - Bulk Scattering Properties for the Remote Sensing of Ice Clouds. Part II: Narrowband Models.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1896
EP  - 1911
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948763
AB  - This study examines the development of bulk single-scattering properties of ice clouds, including single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and phase function, for a set of 1117 particle size distributions obtained from analysis of the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment (FIRE)-I, FIRE-II, Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program intensive observation period, Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX), and the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers (CRYSTAL) Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (FACE) data. The primary focus is to develop band-averaged models appropriate for use by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imager on the Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua platforms, specifically for bands located at wavelengths of 0.65, 1.64, 2.13, and 3.75 μm. The results indicate that there are substantial differences in the bulk scattering properties of ice clouds formed in areas of deep convection and those that exist in areas of much lower updraft velocities. Band-averaged bulk scattering property results obtained from a particle-size-dependent mixture of ice crystal habits are compared with those obtained assuming only solid hexagonal columns. The single-scattering albedo is lower for hexagonal columns than for a habit mixture for the 1.64-, 2.13-, and 3.75-μm bands, with the differences increasing with wavelength. In contrast, the asymmetry factors obtained from the habit mixture and only the solid hexagonal column are most different at 0.65 μm, with the differences decreasing as wavelength increases. At 3.75 μm, the asymmetry factor results from the two habit assumptions are almost indistinguishable. The asymmetry factor, single-scattering albedo, and scattering phase functions are also compared with the MODIS version-1 (V1) models. Differences between the current and V1 models can be traced to the microphysical models and specifically to the number of both the smallest and the largest particles assumed in the size distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations
KW  - KIRKENDALL effect
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - NEUTRON albedo
KW  - RAINFALL anomalies
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 19530543; Baum, Bryan A. 1,2; Email Address: bryan.baum@ssec.wisc.edu Yang, Ping 3 Heymsfield, Andrew J. 4 Platnick, Steven 5 King, Michael D. 5 Hu, Y.-X. 1 Bedka, Sarah T. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA LaRC, 1225 W. Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706  3: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  6: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Madison, Wisconsin; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p1896; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations; Subject Term: KIRKENDALL effect; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: NEUTRON albedo; Subject Term: RAINFALL anomalies; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 29 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rothman, L.S.
AU  - Jacquemart, D.
AU  - Barbe, A.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Birk, M.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Carleer, M.R.
AU  - Chackerian, C.
AU  - Chance, K.
AU  - Coudert, L.H.
AU  - Dana, V.
AU  - Devi, V.M.
AU  - Flaud, J.-M.
AU  - Gamache, R.R.
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Hartmann, J.-M.
AU  - Jucks, K.W.
AU  - Maki, A.G.
AU  - Mandin, J.-Y.
AU  - Massie, S.T.
T1  - The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 96
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
EP  - 204
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes the status of the 2004 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database. The HITRAN compilation consists of several components that serve as input for radiative transfer calculation codes: individual line parameters for the microwave through visible spectra of molecules in the gas phase; absorption cross-sections for molecules having dense spectral features, i.e., spectra in which the individual lines are unresolvable; individual line parameters and absorption cross-sections for bands in the ultra-violet; refractive indices of aerosols; tables and files of general properties associated with the database; and database management software. The line-by-line portion of the database contains spectroscopic parameters for 39 molecules including many of their isotopologues. The format of the section of the database on individual line parameters of HITRAN has undergone the most extensive enhancement in almost two decades. It now lists the Einstein -coefficients, statistical weights of the upper and lower levels of the transitions, a better system for the representation of quantum identifications, and enhanced referencing and uncertainty codes. In addition, there is a provision for making corrections to the broadening of line transitions due to line mixing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - DATABASE searching
KW  - Absorption cross-sections
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - HITRAN
KW  - Line parameters
KW  - Molecular absorption
KW  - Molecular spectroscopy
KW  - Spectroscopic database
N1  - Accession Number: 18173121; Rothman, L.S. 1; Email Address: lrothman@cfa.harvard.edu Jacquemart, D. 1 Barbe, A. 2 Chris Benner, D. 3 Birk, M. 4 Brown, L.R. 5 Carleer, M.R. 6 Chackerian, C. 7 Chance, K. 1 Coudert, L.H. 8 Dana, V. 9 Devi, V.M. 3 Flaud, J.-M. 8 Gamache, R.R. 10 Goldman, A. 11 Hartmann, J.-M. 8 Jucks, K.W. 12 Maki, A.G. 13 Mandin, J.-Y. 9 Massie, S.T. 14; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Université de Reims-Champagne-Ardenne, Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, 51062 Reims, France  3: The College of William and Mary, Department of Physics, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  4: DLR – Remote Sensing Technology Institute, Wessling, Germany  5: California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, C.P. 160/09, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, 91405 Orsay, France  9: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Physique Moléculaire et Applications, 75252 Paris, France  10: Univ. of Mass Lowell, Department of Environmental Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Lowell, MA 01854, USA  11: University of Denver, Department of Physics, Denver, CO 80208, USA  12: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Optical and Infrared Astronomy Division, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  13: 15012 24 Ave, SE, Mill Creek, WA, USA  14: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 96 Issue 2, p139; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: DATABASE searching; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption cross-sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: HITRAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopic database; Number of Pages: 66p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.10.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Barbe, A.
AU  - Tyuterev, Vl.G.
AU  - De Backer-Barilly, M.-R.
AU  - Hannigan, J.W.
AU  - Coffey, M.T.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Blatherwick, R.D.
T1  - Identification of enhanced absorption by 16O3 lines around in high-resolution FTIR solar spectra
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 96
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 250
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: A set of previously unpredicted 16O3 strong absorption lines in the region are identified for the first time in balloon-borne high-resolution solar spectra. These spectral features are consistent with recent ozone laboratory spectra, and are interpreted by accidental resonance effects. Some of the lines are also observed in high-resolution ground-based spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - Atmospheric ozone
KW  - Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy
KW  - Solar spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 18173123; Goldman, A. 1; Email Address: goldman@acd.ucar.edu Barbe, A. 2 Tyuterev, Vl.G. 2 De Backer-Barilly, M.-R. 2 Hannigan, J.W. 3 Coffey, M.T. 3 Rinsland, C.P. 4 Blatherwick, R.D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  2: Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, UMR CNRS, 6089, UFR Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France  3: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, 21 Langley Blvd., Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 96 Issue 2, p241; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar spectra; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.10.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Sharpe, Steven W.
AU  - Sams, Robert L.
T1  - Temperature-dependent infrared absorption cross sections of methyl cyanide (acetonitrile)
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 96
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 280
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Pressure broadened (1atm. ) absorption cross sections and integrated band intensities have been derived from laboratory spectra of , recorded at 276, 298, and 323K, covering 600–. The spectra were recorded at a resolution of using a commercial Fourier transform spectrometer and a custom flowing sample delivery system. We report integrated absorption cross sections for intervals corresponding to the most prominent bands, compare the results with previously reported values, and discuss error sources, which are estimated as with systematic error the largest error source. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Absorption cross section
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Laboratory spectroscopy
KW  - Methyl cyanide acetonitrile
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Transmission and scattering of radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 18173125; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Sharpe, Steven W. 2 Sams, Robert L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA  2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352 USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 96 Issue 2, p271; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption cross section; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laboratory spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methyl cyanide acetonitrile; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission and scattering of radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.03.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Paton-Walsh, Clare
AU  - Jones, Nicholas B.
AU  - Griffith, David W.T.
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Wood, Stephen W.
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Meier, Arndt
T1  - High spectral resolution solar absorption measurements of ethylene in a forest fire smoke plume using HITRAN parameters: Tropospheric vertical profile retrieval
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 96
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 309
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The tropospheric mixing ratio profile of ethylene has been retrieved from a high spectral resolution ground-based infrared solar absorption spectrum. The spectrum was recorded during intense fires in New South Wales, Australia on January 1, 2002, and was analyzed with the spectral parameters added to the 2000 HITRAN compilation. Absorption by in the smoke-affected spectrum extends over a broad spectral range in a region with observable rotational fine structure. The fine structure occurs in addition to the band Q branch that is traditionally used to quantify amounts from infrared atmospheric measurements assuming room temperature laboratory absorption coefficients. The measured spectrum is fitted to near the noise level with a retrieved vertical column of molecules per square centimeter. The retrieved vertical profile increases with altitude near the surface reaching a maximum of 37 parts per billion near 1km, decreasing above. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - EXCITON theory
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Fire spectra
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 18173128; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: Curtis.P.Rinsland@nasa.gov Paton-Walsh, Clare 2 Jones, Nicholas B. 2 Griffith, David W.T. 2 Goldman, Aaron 3 Wood, Stephen W. 4 Chiou, Linda 5 Meier, Arndt 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences Competency, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia  3: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA  4: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Private Bag 50061, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand  5: System and Applied Sciences Corporation, Hampton, VA, USA  6: Apollo Life Sciences Pty Ltd, PO Box 371, 147 Queens St, Level 1, Sydney-Beaconsfield NSW 2015, New South Wales, Australia; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 96 Issue 2, p301; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.03.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Robinson, Raymond C.
T1  - Residual Stresses and Their Effects on the Durability of Environmental Barrier Coatings for SiC Ceramics.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 88
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3483
EP  - 3488
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Qualitative residual stresses in current environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) were inferred from the curvature of EBC-coated SiC wafers, and the effects of EBC stresses on the durability of EBC-coated SiC were evaluated. The magnitude of substrate curvature correlated fairly well with the EBC--SiC coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch, EBC modulus, and thermally induced physical changes in EBC. BSAS (1-xBaO.xSrO. Al2O3 . 2SiO2, 0≤x≤1) components in the current EBCs, i.e., Si/mullite or mullite+ BSAS/BSAS or yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ: ZrO2–8 wt% Y2O3), were the most beneficial for reducing the EBC stress in as-sprayed as well as in post-exposure EBCs. The reduced stress was attributed to the low modulus of BSAS. The addition of a YSZ top coat significantly increased the substrate curvature because of its high CTE and sintering in thermal exposures. There were clear correlations between the wafer curvature and the EBC durability.The Si/mullite+20 wt% BSAS/BSAS EBC maintained excellent adherence, protecting the SiC substrate from oxidation,while the Si/mullite+20 wt% BSAS/YSZ EBC suffered delamination, leading to severe oxidation of the SiC substrate, after a 100 h -1300°C exposure in a high-pressure burner rig. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - METALS -- Fatigue
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
N1  - Accession Number: 19123063; Lee, Kang N. 1; Email Address: kang.n.lee@grc.nasa.gov Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 1 Robinson, Raymond C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 88 Issue 12, p3483; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcia, Rolando R.
AU  - Lieberman, Ruth
AU  - Russell, James M.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
T1  - Large-Scale Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Observed by SABER.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 62
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4384
EP  - 4399
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Observations made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on board NASA’s Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite have been processed using Salby’s fast Fourier synoptic mapping (FFSM) algorithm. The mapped data provide a first synoptic look at the mean structure and traveling waves of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) since the launch of the TIMED satellite in December 2001. The results show the presence of various wave modes in the MLT, which reach largest amplitude above the mesopause and include Kelvin and Rossby–gravity waves, eastward-propagating diurnal oscillations (“non-sun-synchronous tides”), and a set of quasi-normal modes associated with the so-called 2-day wave. The latter exhibits marked seasonal variability, attaining large amplitudes during the solstices and all but disappearing at the equinoxes. SABER data also show a strong quasi-stationary Rossby wave signal throughout the middle atmosphere of the winter hemisphere; the signal extends into the Tropics and even into the summer hemisphere in the MLT, suggesting ducting by westerly background zonal winds. At certain times of the year, the 5-day Rossby normal mode and the 4-day wave associated with instability of the polar night jet are also prominent in SABER data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC waves
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - THERMOSPHERE
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - FOURIER analysis
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - DYNAMIC meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 19333846; Garcia, Rolando R. 1; Email Address: rgarcia@ucar.edu Lieberman, Ruth 2 Russell, James M. 3 Mlynczak, Martin G. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  2: Colorado Research Associates, Boulder, Colorado  3: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 62 Issue 12, p4384; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC waves; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: THERMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: DYNAMIC meteorology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Subramanian, Aparna
AU  - Teal, Hami E.
AU  - Correll, Pamela H.
AU  - Paulson, Robert F.
T1  - Resistance to Friend Virus-Induced Erythroleukemia in W/Wv Mice Is Caused by a Spleen-Specific Defect Which Results in a Severe Reduction in Target Cells and a Lack of Sf-Stk Expression.
JO  - Journal of Virology
JF  - Journal of Virology
Y1  - 2005/12//
VL  - 79
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 14586
EP  - 14594
SN  - 0022538X
AB  - The characteristic progression and specificity of Friend virus for the erythroid lineage have allowed for the identification of a number of host-encoded loci that are required for disease progression. Several of these loci, including the Friend virus susceptibility gene 2 (Fv2), dominant white spotting gene (W), and Steel gene (Sl) regulate the initial polyclonal expansion of infected erythroid progenitor cells, if and Sl encode the Kit receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand, stem cell factor, respectively, W mutant mice are severely anemic, and earlier work suggested that this defect in erythroid differentiation is the cause for the resistance to Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia. Here we show that in bone marrow, W/Wv mice have near normal numbers of target cells and the initial infection of bone marrow occurs normally in vivo. In contrast, spleen cells from W/Wv mice infected both in vitro and in vivo with Friend virus failed to give rise to erythropoietin-independent colonies at any time following Friend virus infection, suggesting that mutation of the Kit receptor specifically affects large! cells in the spleen, rendering the mutant mice resistant to the development of Friend virus-induced erythroleukemia, in addition, we show that the Kit+ pathogenic targets of Friend virus in the spleen are distinct from the pathogenic targets in bone marrow and this population of spleen target cells is markedly decreased in W/Wv mice and these cells fail to express Sf-Stk. These results also underscore the unique nature of the spleen microenvironment in its role in supporting the progression of acute leukemia in Friend virus-infected mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Virology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRIEND virus
KW  - ERYTHROCYTE membranes
KW  - GENES
KW  - TYROSINE
KW  - MUTATION (Biology)
KW  - BONE marrow
KW  - SPLEEN
KW  - CELLS
KW  - VIROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 19346380; Subramanian, Aparna 1,2 Teal, Hami E. 3,4 Correll, Pamela H. 1,3,5 Paulson, Robert F. 1,3,5; Email Address: rfp5@psu.edu.; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802  2: Hematology-Oncology Division, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA  3: Graduate Program in Pathobiology, Department of Veterinary Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  5: Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 79 Issue 23, p14586; Subject Term: FRIEND virus; Subject Term: ERYTHROCYTE membranes; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: TYROSINE; Subject Term: MUTATION (Biology); Subject Term: BONE marrow; Subject Term: SPLEEN; Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: VIROLOGY; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/JVI.79.23.14586-14594.2005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
T1  - The effect of condensates on the characterization of transiting planet atmospheres with transmission spectroscopy.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2005/12//12/1/2005
VL  - 364
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 653
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Through a simple physical argument we show that the slant optical depth through the atmosphere of a ‘hot Jupiter’ planet is ∼35–90 times greater than the normal optical depth. This not unexpected result has direct consequences for the method of transmission spectroscopy for characterizing the atmospheres of transiting giant planets. The atmospheres of these planets likely contain minor condensates and hazes, which at normal viewing geometry have negligible optical depth, but at slant viewing geometry have appreciable optical depth that can obscure absorption features of gaseous atmospheric species. We identify several possible condensates. We predict that this is a general masking mechanism for all planets, not just for HD 209458b, and will lead to weaker than expected or undetected absorption features. Constraints on an atmosphere from transmission spectroscopy are not the same as constraints on an atmosphere at normal viewing geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 18856177; Fortney, Jonathan J. 1; Email Address: jfortney@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2005, Vol. 364 Issue 2, p649; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.09587.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jakosky, Bruce M.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
T1  - The Changing Picture of Volatiles and Climate on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2005/12/02/
VL  - 310
IS  - 5753
M3  - Article
SP  - 1439
EP  - 1440
SN  - 00368075
AB  - This article presents information on Mars' climate evolution and biological potential. The standard wisdom since the 1970s about seasonal cycles on Mars has been that deposition and sublimation of CO2 ice in the polar regions are governed by the local energy balance, that the seasonal CO2 cycle controls the water cycle, and that every Mars year is basically similar to every other year. Recent observations suggest otherwise. The summertime residual CO2 ice on the south polar cap is both thin and discontinuous. Round and arcuate holes in the CO2 ice cover reveal underlying water ice that also is exposed elsewhere on the residual cap. The holes are enlarging each year, releasing CO2 gas into the atmosphere. The morphology, stratigraphy, properties, sizes, and growth of the holes suggest multiple discrete events of deposition and erosion on time scales of decades to centuries. The changing exposure of south polar water ice may be reflected in the atmospheric water vapor content, which shows order-of-magnitude variations from one year to another during the southern summer.
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - SUBLIMATION (Chemistry)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 19124692; Jakosky, Bruce M. 1 Haberle, Robert M. 2 Arvidson, Raymond E. 3; Email Address: bruce.jakosky@lasp.colorado.edu; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.  2: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.; Source Info: 12/2/2005, Vol. 310 Issue 5753, p1439; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: SUBLIMATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1617
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ominami, Yusuke
AU  - Ngo, Quoc
AU  - Austin, Alexander J.
AU  - Yoong, Hans
AU  - Yang, Cary Y.
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Structural characteristics of carbon nanofibers for on-chip interconnect applications.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/12/05/
VL  - 87
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 233105
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - In this letter, we compare the structures of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of Ni-catalyzed and Pd-catalyzed carbon nanofibers (CNFs) synthesized for on-chip interconnect applications with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The Ni-catalyzed CNF has a conventional fiberlike structure and many graphitic layers that are almost parallel to the substrate at the CNF base. In contrast, the Pd-catalyzed CNF has a multiwall nanotubelike structure on the sidewall spanning the entire CNF. The microstructure observed in the Pd-catalyzed fibers at the CNF-metal interface has the potential to lower contact resistance significantly, as our electrical measurements using current-sensing atomic force microscopy indicate. A structural model is presented based on STEM image analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - SCANNING transmission electron microscopy
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - IMAGE analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 19214827; Ominami, Yusuke 1; Email Address: yominami@scu.edu Ngo, Quoc 1 Austin, Alexander J. 1 Yoong, Hans 1 Yang, Cary Y. 1 Cassell, Alan M. 2 Cruden, Brett A. 2 Li, Jun 2 Meyyappan, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanostructures, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95139  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 12/5/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 23, p233105; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2137873
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Shpargel, T.P.
AU  - Morscher, G.N.
AU  - Asthana, R.
T1  - Active metal brazing and characterization of brazed joints in titanium to carbon–carbon composites
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2005/12/05/
VL  - 412
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 128
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: The Ti-metal/C–C composite joints were formed by reactive brazing with three commercial brazes, namely, Cu-ABA, TiCuNi, and TiCuSil. The joint microstructures were examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The results of the microstructure analysis indicate solute redistribution across the joint and possible metallurgical bond formation via interdiffusion, which led to good wetting and spreading. A tube-on-plate tensile test was used to evaluate joint strength of Ti-tube/C–C composite joints. The load-carrying ability was greatest for the Cu-ABA braze joint structures. This system appeared to have the best braze spreading which resulted in a larger braze/C–C composite bonded area compared to the other two braze materials. Also, joint load-carrying ability was found to be higher for joint structures where the fiber tows in the outer ply of the C–C composite were aligned perpendicular to the tube axis when compared to the case where fiber tows were aligned parallel to the tube axis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTIVE metals
KW  - BRAZING
KW  - CHEMICAL tests & reagents
KW  - METALS
N1  - Accession Number: 19060250; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: msingh@grc.nasa.gov Shpargel, T.P. 1 Morscher, G.N. 2 Asthana, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpath Road, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Technology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 412 Issue 1/2, p123; Subject Term: ACTIVE metals; Subject Term: BRAZING; Subject Term: CHEMICAL tests & reagents; Subject Term: METALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2005.08.179
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Niemann, H. B.
AU  - Atreya, S. K.
AU  - Bauer, S. J.
AU  - Carignan, G. R.
AU  - Demick, J. E.
AU  - Frost, R. L.
AU  - Gautier, D.
AU  - Haberman, J. A.
AU  - Harpold, D. N.
AU  - Hunten, D. M.
AU  - Israel, G.
AU  - Lunine, J. I.
AU  - Kasprzak, W. T.
AU  - Owen, T. C.
AU  - Paulkovich, M.
AU  - Raulin, F.
AU  - Raaen, E.
AU  - Way, S. H.
T1  - The abundances of constituents of Titan's atmosphere from the GCMS instrument on the Huygens probe.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/12/08/
VL  - 438
IS  - 7069
M3  - Article
SP  - 779
EP  - 784
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Saturn's largest moon, Titan, remains an enigma, explored only by remote sensing from Earth, and by the Voyager and Cassini spacecraft. The most puzzling aspects include the origin of the molecular nitrogen and methane in its atmosphere, and the mechanism(s) by which methane is maintained in the face of rapid destruction by photolysis. The Huygens probe, launched from the Cassini spacecraft, has made the first direct observations of the satellite's surface and lower atmosphere. Here we report direct atmospheric measurements from the Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (GCMS), including altitude profiles of the constituents, isotopic ratios and trace species (including organic compounds). The primary constituents were confirmed to be nitrogen and methane. Noble gases other than argon were not detected. The argon includes primordial 36Ar, and the radiogenic isotope 40Ar, providing an important constraint on the outgassing history of Titan. Trace organic species, including cyanogen and ethane, were found in surface measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - CYANOGEN compounds
KW  - ETHANES
N1  - Accession Number: 19071751; Niemann, H. B. 1; Email Address: Hasso.B.Niemann@nasa.gov Atreya, S. K. 2 Bauer, S. J. 3 Carignan, G. R. 2 Demick, J. E. 1 Frost, R. L. 4 Gautier, D. 5 Haberman, J. A. 1 Harpold, D. N. 1 Hunten, D. M. 6 Israel, G. 7 Lunine, J. I. 6 Kasprzak, W. T. 1 Owen, T. C. 8 Paulkovich, M. 1 Raulin, F. 9 Raaen, E. 1 Way, S. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  2: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA  3: Institute for Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria  4: University of Alabama, CMC, 817 22nd Street South, Birmingham, Alabama 35205, USA  5: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, F-92195 Meudon Cedex, France  6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85716, USA  7: Service d'Aéronomie du CNRS, F-91371 Verrières le Buisson Cedex, France  8: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA  9: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Université Paris 12 et Paris 7, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil Cedex, France; Source Info: 12/8/2005, Vol. 438 Issue 7069, p779; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: CYANOGEN compounds; Subject Term: ETHANES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature04122
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fulchignoni, M.
AU  - Ferri, F.
AU  - Angrilli, F.
AU  - Ball, A. J.
AU  - Bar-Nun, A.
AU  - Barucci, M. A.
AU  - Bettanini, C.
AU  - Bianchini, G.
AU  - Borucki, W.
AU  - Colombatti, G.
AU  - Coradini, M.
AU  - Coustenis, A.
AU  - Debei, S.
AU  - Falkner, P.
AU  - Fanti, G.
AU  - Flamini, E.
AU  - Gaborit, V.
AU  - Grard, R.
AU  - Hamelin, M.
AU  - Harri, A. M.
T1  - In situ measurements of the physical characteristics of Titan's environment.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2005/12/08/
VL  - 438
IS  - 7069
M3  - Article
SP  - 785
EP  - 791
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - On the basis of previous ground-based and fly-by information, we knew that Titan's atmosphere was mainly nitrogen, with some methane, but its temperature and pressure profiles were poorly constrained because of uncertainties in the detailed composition. The extent of atmospheric electricity (‘lightning’) was also hitherto unknown. Here we report the temperature and density profiles, as determined by the Huygens Atmospheric Structure Instrument (HASI), from an altitude of 1,400 km down to the surface. In the upper part of the atmosphere, the temperature and density were both higher than expected. There is a lower ionospheric layer between 140 km and 40 km, with electrical conductivity peaking near 60 km. We may also have seen the signature of lightning. At the surface, the temperature was 93.65 ± 0.25 K, and the pressure was 1,467 ± 1 hPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC electricity
KW  - IONOSPHERE
KW  - IONOSPHERIC electron density
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 19071739; Fulchignoni, M. 1,2 Ferri, F. 3; Email Address: francesca.ferri@unipd.it Angrilli, F. 3 Ball, A. J. 4 Bar-Nun, A. 5 Barucci, M. A. 1 Bettanini, C. 3 Bianchini, G. 3 Borucki, W. 6 Colombatti, G. 3 Coradini, M. 7 Coustenis, A. 1 Debei, S. 3 Falkner, P. 8 Fanti, G. 3 Flamini, E. 9 Gaborit, V. 1 Grard, R. 8 Hamelin, M. 10,11 Harri, A. M. 12; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France  2: Université Denis Diderot - Paris 7, UFR de Physique, 2 Place Jussieu, 75006 Paris, France  3: CISAS “G. Colombo”, Università di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  4: PSSRI, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK  5: Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Tel Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel  6: NASA/AMES Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  7: ESA Headquarters, Science Directorate, 8-10 rue Mario-Nikis, 75015 Paris, France  8: ESA-ESTEC, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  9: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Viale Liegi 26, 00198 Roma, Italy  10: CETP-IPSL, 4 Avenue de Neptune, 94107 Saint Maur, France  11: LPCE-CNRS, 3A, Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France  12: Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Vuorikatu 15 A 00100 Helsinki, Finland; Source Info: 12/8/2005, Vol. 438 Issue 7069, p785; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC electricity; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Subject Term: IONOSPHERIC electron density; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature04314
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tan, Bin
AU  - Hu, Jiannan
AU  - Huang, Dong
AU  - Yang, Wenze
AU  - Zhang, Ping
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Assessment of the broadleaf crops leaf area index product from the Terra MODIS instrument
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2005/12/14/
VL  - 135
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 124
EP  - 134
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: The first significant processing of Terra MODIS data, called Collection 3, covered the period from November 2000 to December 2002. The Collection 3 leaf area index (LAI) and fraction vegetation absorbed photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) products for broadleaf crops exhibited three anomalies (a) high LAI values during the peak growing season, (b) differences in LAI seasonality between the radiative transfer-based main algorithm and the vegetation index based back-up algorithm, and (c) too few retrievals from the main algorithm during the summer period when the crops are at full flush. The cause of these anomalies is a mismatch between reflectances modeled by the algorithm and MODIS measurements. Therefore, the Look-Up-Tables accompanying the algorithm were revised and implemented in Collection 4 processing. The main algorithm with the revised Look-Up-Tables generated retrievals for over 80% of the pixels with valid data. Retrievals from the back-up algorithm, although few, should be used with caution as they are generated from surface reflectances with high uncertainties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROPS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - Broadleaf crops
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Terra MODIS instrument
N1  - Accession Number: 19768250; Tan, Bin 1; Email Address: tanbin@crsa.bu.edu Hu, Jiannan 1 Huang, Dong 1 Yang, Wenze 1 Zhang, Ping 1 Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1 Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA  2: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 135 Issue 1-4, p124; Subject Term: CROPS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadleaf crops; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra MODIS instrument; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.10.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hubickyj, Olenka
AU  - Bodenheimer, Peter
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Accretion of the gaseous envelope of Jupiter around a 5–10 Earth-mass core
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/12/15/
VL  - 179
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 431
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: New numerical simulations of the formation and evolution of Jupiter are presented. The formation model assumes that first a solid core of several accretes from the planetesimals in the protoplanetary disk, and then the core captures a massive gaseous envelope from the protoplanetary disk. Earlier studies of the core accretion–gas capture model [Pollack, J.B., Hubickyj, O., Bodenheimer, P., Lissauer, J.J., Podolak, M., Greenzweig, Y., 1996. Icarus 124, 62–85] demonstrated that it was possible for Jupiter to accrete with a solid core of 10–30 in a total formation time comparable to the observed lifetime of protoplanetary disks. Recent interior models of Jupiter and Saturn that agree with all observational constraints suggest that Jupiter''s core mass is 0–11 and Saturn''s is 9–22 [Saumon, G., Guillot, T., 2004. Astrophys. J. 609, 1170–1180]. We have computed simulations of the growth of Jupiter using various values for the opacity produced by grains in the protoplanet''s atmosphere and for the initial planetesimal surface density, , in the protoplanetary disk. We also explore the implications of halting the solid accretion at selected core mass values during the protoplanet''s growth. Halting planetesimal accretion at low core mass simulates the presence of a competing embryo, and decreasing the atmospheric opacity due to grains emulates the settling and coagulation of grains within the protoplanet''s atmosphere. We examine the effects of adjusting these parameters to determine whether or not gas runaway can occur for small mass cores on a reasonable timescale. We compute four series of simulations with the latest version of our code, which contains updated equation of state and opacity tables as well as other improvements. Each series consists of a run without a cutoff in planetesimal accretion, plus up to three runs with a cutoff at a particular core mass. The first series of runs is computed with an atmospheric opacity due to grains (hereafter referred to as ‘grain opacity’) that is 2% of the interstellar value and . Cutoff runs are computed for core masses of 10, 5, and 3 . The second series of Jupiter models is computed with the grain opacity at the full interstellar value and . Cutoff runs are computed for core masses of 10 and 5 . The third series of runs is computed with the grain opacity at 2% of the interstellar value and . One cutoff run is computed with a core mass of 5 . The final series consists of one run, without a cutoff, which is computed with a temperature dependent grain opacity (i.e., 2% of the interstellar value for ramping up to the full interstellar value for ) and . Our results demonstrate that reducing grain opacities results in formation times less than half of those for models computed with full interstellar grain opacity values. The reduction of opacity due to grains in the upper portion of the envelope with has the largest effect on the lowering of the formation time. If the accretion of planetesimals is not cut off prior to the accretion of gas, then decreasing the surface density of planetesimals lowers the final core mass of the protoplanet, but increases the formation timescale considerably. Finally, a core mass cutoff results in a reduction of the time needed for a protoplanet to evolve to the stage of runaway gas accretion, provided the cutoff mass is sufficiently large. The overall results indicate that, with reasonable parameters, it is possible that Jupiter formed at 5 AU via the core accretion process in 1 Myr with a core of 10 or in 5 Myr with a core of 5 . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - Accretion
KW  - formation ( Jupiter )
KW  - interiors ( Jupiter )
KW  - Origin of planetary systems
N1  - Accession Number: 19152913; Hubickyj, Olenka 1,2; Email Address: hubickyj@pollack.arc.nasa.gov Bodenheimer, Peter 1 Lissauer, Jack J. 2; Affiliation:  1: UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Space Science Division, MS 245–3, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 179 Issue 2, p415; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ORIGIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: formation ( Jupiter ); Author-Supplied Keyword: interiors ( Jupiter ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of planetary systems; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.06.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernstein, Max P.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - Near-infrared laboratory spectra of solid H2O/CO2 and CH3OH/CO2 ice mixtures
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2005/12/15/
VL  - 179
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 527
EP  - 534
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present near-IR spectra of solid CO2 in H2O and CH3OH, and find they are significantly different from that of pure solid CO2. Peaks not present in either pure H2O or pure CO2 spectra become evident when the two are mixed. First, the putative theoretically forbidden CO2 () overtone near 2.134 μm (4685 cm−1), that is absent from our spectrum of pure solid CO2, is prominent in the spectra of H2O/CO2=5 and 25 mixtures. Second, a 2.74-μm (3650 cm−1) dangling OH feature of H2O (and a potentially related peak at 1.89 μm) appear in the spectra of CO2–H2O ice mixtures, but are probably not diagnostic of the presence of CO2. Other CO2 peaks display shifts in position and increased width because of intermolecular interactions with H2O. Warming causes some peak positions and profiles in the spectrum of a H2O/CO2=5 mixture to take on the appearance of pure CO2. Absolute strengths for absorptions of CO2 in solid H2O are estimated. Similar results are observed for CO2 in solid CH3OH. Since the CO2 () overtone near 2.134 μm (4685 cm−1) is not present in pure CO2 but prominent in mixtures, it may be a good observational (spectral) indicator of whether solid CO2 is a pure material or intimately mixed with other molecules. These observations may be applicable to Mars polar caps as well as outer Solar System bodies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FROZEN desserts
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - infrared observations ( Ices )
KW  - satellites )
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Surfaces ( planets
KW  - Surfaces ( planets , satellites )
N1  - Accession Number: 19152922; Bernstein, Max P.; Email Address: mbernstein@mail.arc.nasa.gov Cruikshank, Dale P. 1 Sandford, Scott A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 179 Issue 2, p527; Subject Term: FROZEN desserts; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared observations ( Ices ); Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces ( planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces ( planets , satellites ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 311814 Commercial bakeries and frozen bakery product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311520 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.07.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khare
AU  - B.
AU  - Wilhite
AU  - P.
AU  - Tran
AU  - Teixeira
AU  - E.
AU  - Fresquez
AU  - K.
AU  - Mvondo
AU  - D. N.
AU  - Bauschlicher
AU  - C. Jr.
AU  - Meyyappan
AU  - M.
T1  - Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes via Nitrogen Glow Discharge.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2005/12/15/
VL  - 109
IS  - 49
M3  - Article
SP  - 23466
EP  - 23472
SN  - 15206106
AB  - We have exposed single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to microwave-generated N2 plasma with the aim to functionalize the nanotubes. The results strongly depend on the distance between the discharge source and the sample, since nitrogen atoms generated can be lost due to recombination. No functionalization was observed when this distance was 7.0 cm. At intermediate distances (2.5 cm), the incorporation of nitrogen and oxygen onto the SWCNT was observed, while, at short distances (1 cm), products containing C≡N were also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - GLOW discharges
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - FULLERENES
N1  - Accession Number: 20705562; Khare B. 1 Wilhite P. 1 Tran Teixeira E. 1 Fresquez K. 1 Mvondo D. N. 1 Bauschlicher C. Jr. 1 Meyyappan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 109 Issue 49, p23466; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: GLOW discharges; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: FULLERENES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Griffin, Michael D.
T1  - Leadership in Space.
JO  - Vital Speeches of the Day
JF  - Vital Speeches of the Day
Y1  - 2005/12/15/
VL  - 72
IS  - 5
M3  - Speech
SP  - 133
EP  - 135
PB  - Pro Rhetoric, LLC
SN  - 0042742X
AB  - The article presents a speech by Michael D. Griffin, administrator of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration delivered to the California Space Authority in Los Angeles, California on December 2, 2005. He discusses national and world leadership in space exploration and the importance for the U.S. to maintain its leadership role in space exploration.
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - GRIFFIN, Michael D. (Michael Douglas), 1949-
N1  - Accession Number: 19893000; Griffin, Michael D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: 12/15/2005, Vol. 72 Issue 5, p133; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: GRIFFIN, Michael D. (Michael Douglas), 1949-; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Speech; Full Text Word Count: 2338
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koswatta, Siyuranga O.
AU  - Lundstrom, Mark S.
AU  - Anantram, M. P.
AU  - Nikonov, Dmitri E.
T1  - Simulation of phonon-assisted band-to-band tunneling in carbon nanotube field-effect transistors.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/12/19/
VL  - 87
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 253107
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Electronic transport in a carbon nanotube metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) is simulated using the nonequilibrium Green’s functions method with the account of electron-phonon scattering. For MOSFETs, ambipolar conduction is explained via phonon-assisted band-to-band (Landau–Zener) tunneling. In comparison to the ballistic case, we show that the phonon scattering shifts the onset of ambipolar conduction to more positive gate voltage (thereby increasing the off current). It is found that the subthreshold swing in ambipolar conduction can be made as steep as 40 mV/decade despite the effect of phonon scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHONONS
KW  - QUASIPARTICLES (Physics)
KW  - LATTICE dynamics
KW  - ACOUSTIC paramagnetic resonance
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductors
N1  - Accession Number: 19316657; Koswatta, Siyuranga O. 1 Lundstrom, Mark S. 1 Anantram, M. P. 2 Nikonov, Dmitri E. 3; Email Address: dmitri.e.nikonov@intel.com; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1285  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  3: Technology and Manufacturing Group, Intel Corp., SC1-05, Santa Clara, California 95052; Source Info: 12/19/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 25, p253107; Subject Term: PHONONS; Subject Term: QUASIPARTICLES (Physics); Subject Term: LATTICE dynamics; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC paramagnetic resonance; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductors; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2146065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sokolow, Adam
AU  - Pfannes, Jan M. M.
AU  - Doney, Robert L.
AU  - Nakagawa, Masami
AU  - Agui, Juan H.
AU  - Sen, Surajit
T1  - Absorption of short duration pulses by small, scalable, tapered granular chains.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2005/12/19/
VL  - 87
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 254104
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Making shock proof layers is an outstanding challenge. Elastic spheres are known to repel softer than springs when gently squeezed but develop strong repulsion upon compression and the forces between adjacent spheres lead to ballistic-like energy transfer between them. Here we demonstrate that a small alignment of progressively shrinking spheres of a strong, light-mass material, placed horizontally in an appropriate casing, can absorb ∼80% (∼90%) of the incident force (energy) pulse. The system can be scaled down in size. Effects of varying the size, radius shrinkage and restitutive losses are shown via computed “dynamical phase diagrams.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances -- Shock absorbers
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - SHOCK absorbers
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 19316618; Sokolow, Adam 1 Pfannes, Jan M. M. 1 Doney, Robert L. 1 Nakagawa, Masami 2 Agui, Juan H. 3 Sen, Surajit 1; Email Address: sen@dynamics.physics.buffalo.edu; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-1500  2: Department of Mining Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 77-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 12/19/2005, Vol. 87 Issue 25, p254104; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances -- Shock absorbers; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: SHOCK absorbers; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2149218
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sodano, Henry A.
AU  - Bae, Jae-Sung
AU  - Inman, Daniel J.
AU  - Keith Belvin, W.
T1  - Concept and model of eddy current damper for vibration suppression of a beam
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2005/12/20/
VL  - 288
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1177
EP  - 1196
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Electromagnetic forces are generated by the movement of a conductor through a stationary magnetic field or a time varying magnetic field through a stationary conductor and can be used to suppress the vibrations of a flexible structure. In the present study, a new electromagnetic damping mechanism is introduced. This mechanism is different from previously developed electromagnetic braking systems and eddy current dampers because the system investigated in the subsequent manuscript uses the radial magnetic flux to generate the electromagnetic damping force rather than the flux perpendicular to the magnet''s face as done in other studies. One important advantage of the proposed mechanism is that it is simple and easy to apply. Additionally, a single magnet can be used to damp the transverse vibrations that are present in many structures. Furthermore, it does not require any electronic devices or external power supplies, therefore functioning as a non-contacting passive damper. A theoretical model of the system is derived using electromagnetic theory enabling us to estimate the electromagnetic damping force induced on the structure. The proposed eddy current damper was constructed and experiments were performed to verify the precision of the theoretical model. It is found that the proposed eddy current damping mechanism could increase the damping ratio by up to 150 times and provide sufficient damping force to quickly suppress the beam''s vibration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 18732091; Sodano, Henry A. 1; Email Address: hsodano@vt.edu Bae, Jae-Sung 2 Inman, Daniel J. 1 Keith Belvin, W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Intelligent Materials Systems and Structures, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0261, USA  2: School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Hankuk Aviation University, 200-1, Hwajeon-dong, Deogyang-gu, Goyang-city, Geonggi-do, 412-791, Korea  3: Structural Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Dec2005, Vol. 288 Issue 4/5, p1177; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.01.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, Sudhir
AU  - Filipski, Alan
AU  - Swarna, Vinod
AU  - Walker, Alan
AU  - Hedges, S. Blair
T1  - Placing confidence limits on the molecular age of the human--chimpanzee divergence.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2005/12/27/
VL  - 102
IS  - 52
M3  - Article
SP  - 18842
EP  - 18847
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Molecular clocks have been used to date the divergence of humans and chimpanzees for nearly four decades. Nonetheless, this date and its confidence interval remain to be firmly established. In an effort to generate a genomic view of the human-chimpanzee divergence, we have analyzed 167 nuclear protein-coding genes and built a reliable confidence interval around the calculated time by applying a multifactor bootstrap-resampling approach. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses of neutral DNA substitutions show that the human-chimpanzee divergence is close to 20% of the ape-Old World monkey (OWM) divergence. Therefore, the generally accepted range of 23.8-35 millions of years ago for the ape-OWM divergence yields a range of 4.98-7.02 millions of years ago for human-chimpanzee divergence. Thus, the older time estimates for the human-chimpanzee divergence, from molecular and paleontological studies, are unlikely to be correct. For a given the ape-OWM divergence time, the 95% confidence interval of the human-chimpanzee divergence ranges from -12% to 19% of the estimated time. Computer simulations suggest that the 95% confidence intervals obtained by using a multifactor bootstrap- resampling approach contain the true value with >95% probability, whether deviations from the molecular clock are random or correlated among lineages. Analyses revealed that the use of amino acid sequence differences is not optimal for dating human- chimpanzee divergence and that the inclusion of additional genes is unlikely to narrow the confidence interval significantly. We conclude that tests of hypotheses about the timing of human-chimpanzee divergence demand more precise fossil-based calibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHIMPANZEES
KW  - HUMAN beings
KW  - CONFIDENCE intervals
KW  - DNA
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - MAMMALS
KW  - Bayesian analysis
KW  - fossil
KW  - hominid
KW  - molecular clock
KW  - primate
N1  - Accession Number: 20051348; Kumar, Sudhir 1,2 Filipski, Alan 1,2 Swarna, Vinod 1 Walker, Alan 3,4; Email Address: axw8@psu.edu Hedges, S. Blair 3,5; Affiliation:  1: Center for Evolutionary Functional Genomics, Biodesign Institute, Tempe, AZ 85287-5301.  2: School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5301.  3: Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.  4: Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802.  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University Park, PA 16802.; Source Info: 12/27/2005, Vol. 102 Issue 52, p18842; Subject Term: CHIMPANZEES; Subject Term: HUMAN beings; Subject Term: CONFIDENCE intervals; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: MAMMALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: fossil; Author-Supplied Keyword: hominid; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular clock; Author-Supplied Keyword: primate; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/prias.0509585102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20051348&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wookhyun Kim
AU  - McMillan, R. Andrew
AU  - Snyder, James P.
AU  - Conticello, Vincent P.
T1  - A Stereoelectronic Effect on Turn Formation Due to Proline Substitution in Elastin-Mimetic Polypeptides.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2005/12/28/
VL  - 127
IS  - 51
M3  - Article
SP  - 18121
EP  - 18132
SN  - 00027863
AB  - Stereoelectronic effects have been identified as contributing factors to the conformational stability of collagen-mimetic peptide sequences. To assess the relevance of these factors within other protein structural contexts, three polypeptide sequences were prepared in which the sequences were derived from the canonical repeat unit (Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly) of the protein material elastin. These elastin-mimetic polypeptides, elastin-1, elastin-2, and elastin-3, incorporate (2S)-proline, (2S,4S)-4-fluoroproline, and (2S,4R)-4-fluoroproline, respectively, at the second position of the elastin repeat. Calorimetric and spectroscopic investigations of these three polypeptides indicate that the incorporation of the substituted proline residues had a dramatic effect upon the self-assembly of the corresponding elastin peptide. The presence of (2S,4R)-4-fluoroproline in elastin-3 lowered the temperature of the phase transition and increased the type II β-turn population with respect to the parent polypeptide, while the presence of (2S,4S)- 4-fluoroproline in elastin-2 had the opposite effect. These results suggest that stereoelectronic effects could either enhance or hinder the self-assembly of elastin-mimetic polypeptides, depending on the influence of the proline analogue on the energetics of the β-turn conformation that develops within the pentapeptide structural repeats above the phase transition. Density functional theory (DFT) was employed to model three possible turn types (βI-, βII-, and inverse γ-turns) derived from model peptide segments (MeCO-Xaa- Gly-NHMe) (Xaa = Pro, 4S-F-Pro, or 4R-F-Pro) corresponding to the turn-forming residues of the elastin repeat unit (Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly). The results of the these calculations suggested a similar outcome to the experimental data for the elastin-mimetic polypeptides, in that type II β-turn structures were stabilized for peptide segments containing (2S,4R)-fluoroproline and destabilized for segments containing (2S,4S)- fluoroproline relative to the canonical proline residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROLINE
KW  - ELASTIN
KW  - PEPTIDES
KW  - AMINO acid sequence
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - CALORIMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 19489514; Wookhyun Kim 1 McMillan, R. Andrew 2 Snyder, James P. 1 Conticello, Vincent P. 1; Email Address: vcontic@emory.edu; Affiliation:  1: Emory University.  2: NASA Ames Research Center.; Source Info: 12/28/2005, Vol. 127 Issue 51, p18121; Subject Term: PROLINE; Subject Term: ELASTIN; Subject Term: PEPTIDES; Subject Term: AMINO acid sequence; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: CALORIMETRY; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/ja054105j
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Melton, LaTunia Pack
AU  - Yaot, Chung-Sheng
AU  - Seifert, Avi
T1  - Active Control of Separation from the Flap of a Supercritical Airfoil.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 41
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Zero-net-mass-flux periodic excitation was applied at several regions on a simplified high-lift system to delay the occurrence of flow separation. The NASA Energy Efficient Transport supercritical airfoil was equipped with a 15% chord simply hinged leading-edge flap and a 25% chord simply hinged trailing-edge flap. Detailed flow features were measured in an attempt to identify optimal actuator placement. The current paper describes the application of active separation control at several locations on the deflected trailing-edge flap. High- and low-frequency amplitude modulation of the high-frequency excitation were used for control. It was noted that the same performance gains were obtained with amplitude modulation and required only 30% of the momentum input required by pure sine excitation. Extreme sensitivity was found to the excitation location where the flap is highly curved. This sensitivity was reduced when using low-frequency amplitude modulation due to the long wavelengths generated by the excitation. It was found that for large flap deflections the majority of the lift increasing alteration of the surface pressures results from an upstream effect. Preliminary results of combining the excitations from leading- and trailing-edge devices are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TRAILING edge flaps
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - FLIGHT control
N1  - Accession Number: 19519643; Melton, LaTunia Pack 1,2,3; Email Address: l.p.melton@larc.nasa.gov Yaot, Chung-Sheng 4,5; Email Address: c.s.yao@lac.nasa.gov Seifert, Avi 6,7,8; Email Address: seifert@eng.tau.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Engineer, MS 170, Flow Physics and Control Branch  3: Member, AIAA  4: Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Ramat-Aviv, Israel  5: Research Scientist, MS 170, Flow Physics and Control Branch  6: Senior Lecturer, Department of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering  7: Visiting Scientist, National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666  8: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p34; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TRAILING edge flaps; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis M.
T1  - Scaling: Wind Tunnel to Flight.
JO  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 128
SN  - 00664189
AB  - Wind tunnels have wide-ranging functionality, including many applications beyond aeronautics, and historically have been the major source of information for technological aerodynamics/aeronautical applications. There are a myriad of scaling issues/differences from flight to wind tunnel, and their study and impacts are uneven and a function of the particular type of extant flow phenomena. Typically, the most serious discrepancies are associated with flow separation. The tremendous ongoing increases in numerical simulation capability are changing and in many aspects have changed the function of the wind tunnel from a (scaled) "predictor" to a source of computational calibration/validation information with the computation then utilized as the flight prediction/scaling tool. Numerical simulations can increasingly include the influences of the various scaling issues. This wind tunnel role change has been occurring for decades as computational capability improves in all aspects. Additional issues driving this trend are the increasing cost (and time) disparity between physical experiments and computations, and increasingly stringent accuracy requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - BALLISTIC ranges
KW  - aeronautics
KW  - corrections
KW  - flight
KW  - scaling
KW  - wind tunnel
N1  - Accession Number: 20024357; Bushnell, Dennis M. 1; Email Address: Dennis.M.Bushnell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p111; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: BALLISTIC ranges; Author-Supplied Keyword: aeronautics; Author-Supplied Keyword: corrections; Author-Supplied Keyword: flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: wind tunnel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092208
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Meng
AU  - Freund, Jonathan B.
AU  - Lele, Sanjiva K.
T1  - Computational Prediction of Flow-Generated Sound.
JO  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 483
EP  - 512
SN  - 00664189
AB  - This article provides a critical review of computational techniques for flow-noise prediction and the underlying theories. Hybrid approaches, in which the turbulent noise source field is computed and/or modeled separately from the far-field calculation, are afforded particular attention. Numerical methods and modern flow simulation techniques are discussed in terms of their suitability and accuracy for flow noise calculations. Other topics highlighted include some important formulation and computational issues in the application of aeroacoustic theories, generalized acoustic analogies with better accounts of flow-sound interaction, and recent computational investigations of noise-control strategies. The review ends with an analysis of major challenges and key areas for improvement in order to advance the state of the art of computational aeroacoustics.  INSET: 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SOUND
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - acoustic analogy
KW  - aeroacoustics
KW  - computational methods
KW  - flow noise
KW  - noise control
KW  - turbulence simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 20024370; Wang, Meng 1; Email Address: wangm@stanford.edu Freund, Jonathan B. 2; Email Address: jbfreund@uiuc.edu Lele, Sanjiva K. 3; Email Address: lele@stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University/NASA Ames Research Center, Stanford, California 94305  2: Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  3: Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics & Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p483; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: acoustic analogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: computational methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: noise control; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence simulation; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gyekenyesi, Andrew L.
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Cosgriff, Laura M.
T1  - In situ monitoring of damage in SiC/SiC composites using acousto-ultrasonics
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: Acousto-ultrasonics (AU) is a nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technique that utilizes two ultrasonic transducers to interrogate the condition of a test specimen. The sending transducer introduces an ultrasonic pulse at a point on the surface of the specimen while a receiving transducer detects the signal after it has passed through the material. The aim of the method is to correlate certain empirical parameters of the detected waveform to characteristics of the material between the two transducers. The waveform parameter of interest is the attenuation due to internal damping for which information is being garnered from the frequency domain. Here, the three parameters utilized to indirectly quantify the attenuation are the ultrasonic decay rate, the mean square value of the power spectrum, and the centroid of the power spectrum. The sensitivity for each of these AU parameters was assessed with respect to the damage state of two types of SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC). The two composite systems both had Hi-Nicalon™ fibers with a carbon interface but had different matrix compositions that led to considerable differences in damage accumulation. Load/unload/reload tensile tests were performed and in situ AU measurements were made over the entire stress range. After analyzing the AU parameters, the overall sensitivity of the AU technique to material change or damage was quantified and shown to correlate well with the observed damage mechanisms for both material systems. In addition, the AU response was shown to be dependent on the stress state of the composites. This stress dependent behavior was observed while unloading the specimens from the maximum stress, thereby, maintaining a constant damage state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - B. Damage tolerance
KW  - D. Mechanical testing
KW  - D. Non-destructive testing
KW  - D. Ultrasonics
N1  - Accession Number: 18264147; Gyekenyesi, Andrew L. 1; Email Address: andrew.l.gyekenyesi@grc.nasa.gov Morscher, Gregory N. 2 Cosgriff, Laura M. 3; Affiliation:  1: OAI/NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road MS 6-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: OAI/NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Cleveland State University/NASA Glenn research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road MS 6-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Damage tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Mechanical testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Non-destructive testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Ultrasonics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2005.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooke, Daniel E.
AU  - Barry, Matt
AU  - Lowry, Michael
AU  - Green, Cordell
T1  - NASA's Exploration Agenda and Capability Engineering.
JO  - Computer (00189162)
JF  - Computer (00189162)
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 73
SN  - 00189162
AB  - The article reports on the application of model-based languages and risk analysis methodologies in NASA agency to raise software development to the level of hardware development. According to the report, the application aims to achieve a fusion of systems and software engineering by replacing conventional software development techniques with capability engineering that focuses on a system's full set of functionality. The author also includes a discussion on the agency's future systems mission, baseline review of the ISS Software, ISS architecture, ISS change process and costs, and others.
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER software industry
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - COMPUTER assisted instruction
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19450737; Cooke, Daniel E. 1; Email Address: dcooke@coe.ttu.edu Barry, Matt 2; Email Address: matthew.r.barry@nasa.gov Lowry, Michael 3; Email Address: michael.r.lowry@nasa.gov Green, Cordell 4; Email Address: green@kestrel.edu; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University  2: Program Director, Surface Support Systems, Jet Propulsion Laboratory  3: Robust Software Engineering Group, NASA Ames Research Center  4: Director, Kestrel Institute; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p63; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTER software industry; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER assisted instruction; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 511210 Software Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diethelm, K.
AU  - Freed, A.D.
T1  - An efficient algorithm for the evaluation of convolution integrals
JO  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
JF  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 72
SN  - 08981221
AB  - Abstract: We propose an algorithm for the numerical evaluation of convolution integrals of the form ∫0xk(x−y)f(y,x) dy, for x∈[0,X]. Our method is especially suitable in situations where the fundamental interval [0, X] is very long and the kernel function k is expensive to calculate. Separate versions are provided where the forcing function f is known in advance, and where it must be determined step-by-step along the solution path. These methods are efficient with respect to both run time and memory requirements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Mathematics with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CONVOLUTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - INTEGRALS
KW  - KERNEL functions
KW  - Convolution integral
KW  - Logarithmic memory
KW  - Mittag-Leffler function
KW  - Numerical approximation
KW  - Quadrature
KW  - Viscoelasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 21208630; Diethelm, K. 1,2; Email Address: diethelm@gns-mbh.com Freed, A.D. 3; Email Address: Alan.D.@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Institut Computational Mathematics Technische Universität Braunschweig Pockelsstraße 14, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany  2: GNS Gesellschaft für Numerische Simulation mbH Am Gaußberg 2, 38114 Braunschweig, Germany  3: Bio Science and Technology Branch, MS 49-3 NASA Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CONVOLUTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: INTEGRALS; Subject Term: KERNEL functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convolution integral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Logarithmic memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mittag-Leffler function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical approximation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quadrature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoelasticity; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.camwa.2005.07.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bents, David J.
AU  - Scullin, Vincent J.
AU  - Chang, B.J.
AU  - Johnson, Donald W.
AU  - Garcia, Christopher P.
AU  - Jakupca, Ian J.
T1  - Hydrogen-oxygen PEM regenerative fuel cell development at Nasa Glenn Research Center
JO  - Fuel Cells Bulletin
JF  - Fuel Cells Bulletin
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 2006
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 14
SN  - 14642859
AB  - The closed-cycle hydrogen-oxygen PEM regenerative fuel cell (RFC) at Nasa Glenn Research Center has successfully demonstrated closed-cycle operation at rated power for multiple charge/discharge cycles. During the charge cycle the RFC has absorbed input electrical power simulating a solar day cycle ranging from zero to 15 kWe peak, and delivered steady 5 kWe output power for periods exceeding 8 h. Orderly transitions from charge to discharge mode, and return to charging after full discharge, have been accomplished without incident. The RFC is beginning to demonstrate its potential as an energy storage device for aerospace solar power systems such as solar electric aircraft, lunar and planetary surface installations – any airless environment where minimum system weight is critical. This hardware demonstration is supplemented by a thermodynamic and mass/volume modeling effort aimed at characterizing RFC systems and determining their optimum design and operation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Fuel Cells Bulletin is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FUEL cells
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus
N1  - Accession Number: 19597064; Bents, David J. 1; Email Address: David.Bents@grc.nasa.gov Scullin, Vincent J. 1 Chang, B.J. 2 Johnson, Donald W. 2 Garcia, Christopher P. 2 Jakupca, Ian J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Nasa Glenn Research Center, USA  2: QSS Group, USA  3: Analex Corporation, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 2006 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: FUEL cells; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power supplies to apparatus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1464-2859(06)70909-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manning, Curtis V.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - Thick and thin models of the evolution of carbon dioxide on Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 180
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 59
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present results from a new simulation code that accounts for the evolution of the reservoirs of carbon dioxide on Mars, from its early years to the present. We establish a baseline model parameter set that produces results compatible with the present (i.e., mbar with permanent CO2 ice cap) for a wide range of initial inventories. We find that the initial inventory of CO2 broadly determines the evolutionary course of the reservoirs of CO2. The reservoirs include the atmosphere, ice cap, adsorbed CO2 in the regolith, and carbonate rocks. We track the evolution of the free inventory: the atmosphere, ice cap and regolith. Simulations begin at 4.53 Gyr before present with a rapid loss of free inventory to space in the early Noachian. Models that assume a relatively small initial inventory (≲5 bar) have pronounced minima in the free inventory of CO2 toward the end of the Noachian. Under baseline parameters, initial inventories below ∼4.5 bar result in a catastrophic loss of the free inventory to space. The current free inventory would be then determined by the balance between outgassing, sputtering losses and chemical weathering following the end of the late bombardment. We call these “thin” models. They generically predict small current free inventories in line with expectations of a small present CO2 ice cap. For “thick” models, with initial inventories ≳5 bar, a surplus of 300–700 mbar of free CO2 remains during the late-Noachian. The histories of free inventory in time for thick models tend to converge within the last 3.5 Gyr toward a present with an ice cap plus atmospheric inventory of about 100 mbar. For thick models, the convergence is largely due to the effects of chemical weathering, which draws down higher free inventories more rapidly than the low. Thus, thick models have ≳450 mbar carbonate reservoirs, while thin models have ≲200 mbar. Though both thick and thin scenarios can reproduce the current atmospheric pressure, the thick models imply a relatively large current CO2 ice cap and thin models, little or none. While the sublimation of a massive cap at a high obliquity would create a climate swing of greenhouse warming for thick models, under the thin model, mean temperatures and pressures would be essentially unaffected by increases in obliquity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - GLACIOLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - Evolution
N1  - Accession Number: 19168092; Manning, Curtis V. 1; Email Address: cmanning@arc.nasa.gov McKay, Christopher P. 2 Zahnle, Kevin J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 180 Issue 1, p38; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: GLACIOLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.08.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosqueira, Ignacio
AU  - Estrada, Paul R.
T1  - Jupiter's obliquity and a long-lived circumplanetary disk
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 180
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 97
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: It has been claimed [Canup, R.M., Ward, W.R., 2002. Astron. J. 124, 3404–3423; Ward, W.R., 2003. In: AGU, Fall Meeting 2003] that a long-lived minimum mass circumplanetary gas disk is inconsistent with Jupiter''s low obliquity. Here we find that while Jupiter''s obliquity may constrain its characteristics it does not rule out a long-lived massive (compared to the mass of the Galilean satellites) disk. This is because the argument assumes a Solar System much like that of the present day with the one exception of a circumjovian disk which is then allowed to dissipate on a long timescale (). Given that the sequence of events in Solar System history that fit known constraints is non-unique, we choose for the sake of clarity of exposition the orbital architecture framework of Tsiganis et al. [Tsiganis, K., Gomes, R., Morbidelli, A., Levison, H.F., 2005. Nature 435, 459–461], in which Jupiter and Saturn were once in compact, nearly coplanar orbits, and show that in this case Jupiter''s low obliquity is consistent with the SEMM (solids-enhanced minimum mass) satellite formation model of Mosqueira and Estrada [Mosqueira, I., Estrada, P.R., 2003a. Icarus 163, 198–231; Mosqueira, I., Estrada, P.R., 2003b. Icarus 163, 232–255]. We suggest that a low inclination starting condition may apply, but stress that our SEMM satellite formation model could be compatible with Jupiter''s obliquity even for mutually inclined giant planets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Obliquity
KW  - Rotational dynamics
KW  - Satellites of Jupiter
N1  - Accession Number: 19168096; Mosqueira, Ignacio 1; Email Address: mosqueir@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov Estrada, Paul R. 2; Email Address: estrada@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 180 Issue 1, p93; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Obliquity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Jupiter; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elfes, Alberto
AU  - Lincoln, William P.
AU  - Rodriguez, Guillermo
AU  - Weisbin, Charles R.
AU  - Wertz, Julie A.
T1  - Risk-Based Technology Portfolio Optimization for Early Space Mission Design.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 36
SN  - 00189251
AB  - The successful design, development, and operation of space missions requires informed decisions to be made across a vast array of investment, scientific, technological, and operational issues. In the work reported in this paper, we address the problem of determining optimal technology investment portfolios that minimize mission risk and maximize the expected science return of the mission. We model several relationships that explicitly link investment in technologies to mission risk and expected science return. To represent and compute these causal and computational dependencies, we introduce a generalization of influence diagrams that we call inference nets. To illustrate the approach, we present results from its application to a technology portfolio investment trade study done for a specific scenario for the projected 2009 Mars MSL mission. This case study examines the impact of investments in precision landing and long-range roving technologies on the mission capability, and the associated risk, of visiting a set of preselected science sites. We show how an optimal investment strategy can be found that minimizes the mission risk given a fixed total technology investment budget, or alternatively how to determine the minimum budget required to achieve a given acceptable mission risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - INVESTMENTS
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - STABILITY of space vehicles
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
N1  - Accession Number: 20383040; Elfes, Alberto 1; Email Address: Alberto.Elfes@jpl.nasa.gov Lincoln, William P. 1,2 Rodriguez, Guillermo 1 Weisbin, Charles R. 1; Email Address: Charles.R.Weisbin@jpl.nasa.gov Wertz, Julie A. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  2: Lincoln, Boeing, Inc., Laser and Electro-Optics Group  3: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p22; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: INVESTMENTS; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: STABILITY of space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523930 Investment Advice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523999 Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, Camille Y.
AU  - Luecke, William E.
AU  - Copland, Evan
T1  - Neutron diffraction study of oxygen dissolution in α2-Ti3Al
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 60
SN  - 09669795
AB  - Abstract: Rietveld refinements of neutron powder diffraction data on α2-Ti3Al have been performed to determine the crystal structure as a function of interstitial oxygen (O) concentration for three alloys with a Ti/Al ratio of ≈2.34 and O concentrations of 0.25, 3.99, and 7.71%. The structures of the alloys are hexagonal in space group P6  3 /mmc where Ti and Al atoms populate unique sites with excess Al at the Ti site and O atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites surrounded by six Ti sites. The length of the c-axis was found to increase linearly as the O occupancy of the interstitial sites increased; this lattice lengthening effect was much less pronounced along the a-axis. Correspondingly, the increases in the lengths of Ti–Al and Ti–Ti bonds with a major component of their direction parallel to the c-axis were roughly an order of magnitude greater than the increases in the lengths of Ti–Al and Ti–Ti bonds more closely aligned with the a-axis. Densities calculated from the lattice parameters and occupancy factors fall in the range (4.118±0.004) to (4.194±0.004)g/cm3, and exhibit a nearly linear increase with oxygen concentration. Measured densities of (4.113±0.001), (4.146±0.009), and (4.191±0.002)g/cm3 for these alloys agree with the results of the refinements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - NEUTRONS
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - RIETVELD method
KW  - Crystal chemistry (B)
KW  - Interstitial oxygen
KW  - Neutron diffraction (F)
KW  - Site occupancy (E)
KW  - Titanium aluminides based on Ti3Al (A)
N1  - Accession Number: 18729803; Jones, Camille Y. 1; Email Address: camille.jones@nist.gov Luecke, William E. 2 Copland, Evan 3; Affiliation:  1: NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA  2: Metallurgy Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA  3: Case Western Reserve University and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p54; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: RIETVELD method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal chemistry (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstitial oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron diffraction (F); Author-Supplied Keyword: Site occupancy (E); Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium aluminides based on Ti3Al (A); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2005.04.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hooey, Becky L.
AU  - Foyle, David C.
T1  - Pilot Navigation Errors on the Airport Surface: Identifying Contributing Factors and Mitigating Solutions.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 76
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - A taxonomy of navigation errors (pilot deviations) during taxi operations was developed that defines 3 classes of errors: planning, decision, and execution errors. This taxonomy was applied to error data from 2 full-mission simulation studies (Hooey, Foyle, Andre, & Parke, 2000; McCann et al., 1998) that included trials that replicated current-day operations and trials with advanced cockpit technologies including datalink, electronic moving maps (EMM), and head-up displays (HUDs). Pilots committed navigation error s on 17% of current-day operations trials (in low-visibility and night), distributed roughly equally across the 3 error classes. Each error class was associated with a unique set of contributing factor s and mitigating solutions. Planning errors were mitigated by technologies that provided an unambiguous record of the clearance (datalink and the EMM, which possessed a text-based clearance). Decision errors were mitigated by technologies that provided both local and global awareness including information about the distance to and direction of the next turn, current township location, and a graphical depiction of the route (as provided by the EMM and HUD together ). Execution errors were best mitigated by the HUD, which disambiguated the environment and depicted the clear ed taxi route. Implications for technology design and integration are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - HEAD-up displays
KW  - INFORMATION display systems
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - AVIATION psychology
KW  - FLIGHT simulators
N1  - Accession Number: 19736379; Hooey, Becky L. 1; Email Address: bhooey@mail.arc.nasa.gov Foyle, David C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Monterey Technologies, Inc., at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: Human Factors Research and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: HEAD-up displays; Subject Term: INFORMATION display systems; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: AVIATION psychology; Subject Term: FLIGHT simulators; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1207/s15327108ijap1601_3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turyshev, Slava G.
AU  - Toth, Viktor T.
AU  - Kellogg, Larry R.
AU  - Lau, Eunice L.
AU  - Lee, Kyong J.
T1  - A STUDY OF THE PIONEER ANOMALY:: NEW DATA AND OBJECTIVES FOR NEW INVESTIGATION.
JO  - International Journal of Modern Physics D: Gravitation, Astrophysics & Cosmology
JF  - International Journal of Modern Physics D: Gravitation, Astrophysics & Cosmology
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 55
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02182718
AB  - The Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft yielded the most precise navigation in deep space to date. However, their radiometric tracking data has consistently indicated the presence of a small, anomalous, Doppler frequency drift. The drift is a blue shift, uniformly changing with a rate of ~6 × 10-9Hz/s and can be interpreted as a constant sunward acceleration of each particular spacecraft of aP = (8.74±1.33) × 10-10m/s2 (or, alternatively, a time acceleration of at = (2.92±0.44) × 10-18s/s2). This signal has become known as the Pioneer anomaly; the nature of this anomaly remains unexplained. We discuss the current state of the efforts to retrieve the entire data sets of the Pioneer 10 and 11 radiometric Doppler data. We also report on the availability of recently recovered telemetry files that may be used to reconstruct the engineering history of both spacecraft using original project documentation and newly developed software tools. We discuss possible ways to further investigate the discovered effect using these telemetry files in conjunction with the analysis of the much extended Pioneer Doppler data. In preparation for this new upcoming investigation, we summarize the current knowledge of the Pioneer anomaly and review some of the mechanisms proposed for its explanation. We emphasize the main objectives of this new study, namely (i) analysis of the early data that could yield the true direction of the anomaly and thus, its origin, (ii) analysis of planetary encounters, which should say more about the onset of the anomaly (e.g. Pioneer 11's Saturn flyby), (iii) analysis of the entire dataset, which should lead to a better determination of the temporal behavior of the anomaly, (iv) comparative analysis of individual anomalous accelerations for the two Pioneers with the data taken from similar heliocentric distances, (v) the detailed study of on-board systematics, and (vi) development of a thermal-electric-dynamical model using on-board telemetry. The outlined strategy may allow for a higher accuracy solution for the anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer spacecraft and, possibly, will lead to an unambiguous determination of the origin of the Pioneer anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Modern Physics D: Gravitation, Astrophysics & Cosmology is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - DOPPLER navigation
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - deep space navigation
KW  - Fundamental physics
KW  - gravitation
KW  - Pioneer anomaly
KW  - radio science
KW  - solar system dynamics
KW  - telemetry
N1  - Accession Number: 19946732; Turyshev, Slava G. 1; Email Address: turyshev@jpl.nasa.gov Toth, Viktor T. 2; Email Address: vttoth@vttoth.com Kellogg, Larry R. 3; Email Address: larry.kellogg@sbcglobal.net Lau, Eunice L. 1; Email Address: eunice.l.lau@jpl.nasa.gov Lee, Kyong J. 1; Email Address: kyong.j.lee@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Ottawa, ON K1N 9H5, Canada  3: NASA Ames Research Center,* Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: DOPPLER navigation; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep space navigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fundamental physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pioneer anomaly; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio science; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar system dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: telemetry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 55p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Acar, Erdem
AU  - Kale, Amit
AU  - Haftka, Raphael T.
AU  - Stroud, W. Jefferson
T1  - Structural Safety Measures for Airplanes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/01//Jan/Feb2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 38
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Passenger aircraft structural design is based on a safety factor of 1.5, and this safety factor alone is equivalent to a probability of failure of between 10-2 and 10-3. Yet airliners are much safer, with crashes caused by structural failure being extremely rare based on accident records. The probability of structural failure of transport aircraft is or the order of 10-8 per flight segment. This paper looks at two additional contributions to safety--the use of conservative material properties and certification tests--using a simple model of structural failure. We find that the three safety measures together might be able In reduce the calculated probability of failure to about 10-7. Additional measures, such as conservative load specifications, might be responsible for the higher safety encountered in practice, explaining why passenger aircraft are so structurally safe. In addition, the paper sheds light on the effectiveness of certification tests for improving safety. It is found that certification tests reduce the calculated failure probabilities by reducing the modeling error. We find that these tests are most effective when safety factors are low and when most of the uncertainty is caused by systemic errors rather than variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - STRUCTURAL stability
KW  - CERTIFICATION
KW  - SAFETY
N1  - Accession Number: 20375367; Acar, Erdem 1,2 Kale, Amit 1,2 Haftka, Raphael T. 1,3 Stroud, W. Jefferson 4,5; Affiliation:  1: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-6250  2: Student Member, AIAA  3: Fellow, AIAA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2006, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p30; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL stability; Subject Term: CERTIFICATION; Subject Term: SAFETY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 10 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atlas, David
AU  - Wang, Zhien
AU  - Duda, David P.
T1  - Contrails to Cirrus—Morphology, Microphysics, and Radiative Properties.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 19
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This work is two pronged, discussing 1) the morphology of contrails and their transition to cirrus uncinus, and 2) their microphysical and radiative properties. It is based upon the fortuitous occurrence of an unusual set of essentially parallel contrails and the unanticipated availability of nearly simultaneous observations by photography, satellite, automated ground-based lidar, and a newly available database of aircraft flight tracks. The contrails, oriented from the northeast to southwest, are carried to the southeast with a component of the wind so that they are spread from the northwest to southeast. Convective turrets form along each contrail to form the cirrus uncinus with fallstreaks of ice crystals that are oriented essentially normal to the contrail length. Each contrail is observed sequentially by the lidar and tracked backward to the time and position of the originating aircraft track with the appropriate component of the wind. The correlation coefficient between predicted and actual time of arrival at the lidar is 0.99, so that one may identify both visually and satellite-observed contrails exactly. Contrails generated earlier in the westernmost flight corridor occasionally arrive simultaneously with those formed later closer to the lidar to produce broader cirrus fallstreaks and overlapping contrails on the satellite image. The minimum age of a contrail is >2 h and corresponds to the longest time of travel to the lidar. The lag between the initial formation of the contrail and its first detectability by Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is ≈33 min, thus accounting for the distance between the aircraft track and the first detectable contrail by satellite. The lidar also provides particle fall speeds and estimated sizes, optical extinction coefficients, optical thickness (τ = 0.35), and ice water path (IWP = 8.1 g m-2). These values correspond to the lower range of those found for midlatitude cirrus by Heymsfield et al. The ice water per meter of length along the cloud lines is 103–104 times that released by typical jet aircraft. The synthesis of these findings with those of prior investigators provides confidence in the present results. Various authors find that contrail-generated cirrus such as reported here contribute to net regional warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION trails
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - RADIATIVE corrections
KW  - TURRETS
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking
KW  - CRYSTALS
N1  - Accession Number: 20456434; Atlas, David 1; Email Address: davnlu@comcast.net Wang, Zhien 2 Duda, David P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  2: Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  3: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p5; Subject Term: CONDENSATION trails; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: RADIATIVE corrections; Subject Term: TURRETS; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
AU  - Liu, Yen
T1  - Extension of the spectral volume method to high-order boundary representation
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 211
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 178
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, the spectral volume method is extended to the two-dimensional Euler equations with curved boundaries. It is well-known that high-order methods can achieve higher accuracy on coarser meshes than low-order methods. In order to realize the advantage of the high-order spectral volume method over the low order finite volume method, it is critical that solid wall boundaries be represented with high-order polynomials compatible with the order of the interpolation for the state variables. Otherwise, numerical errors generated by the low-order boundary representation may overwhelm any potential accuracy gains offered by high-order methods. Therefore, more general types of spectral volumes (or elements) with curved edges are used near solid walls to approximate the boundaries with high fidelity. The importance of this high-order boundary representation is demonstrated with several well-know inviscid flow test cases, and through comparisons with a second-order finite volume method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - INTERPOLATION
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FINITE volume method
KW  - Boundary condition
KW  - Finite volume
KW  - High order
KW  - Spectral volume
KW  - Unstructured grids
N1  - Accession Number: 18307800; Wang, Z.J. 1; Email Address: zjw@iastate.edu Liu, Yen 2; Email Address: liu@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, 2271 Howe Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 211 Issue 1, p154; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary condition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unstructured grids; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.05.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Predoi-Cross, Adriana
AU  - Hambrook, Kyle
AU  - Brawley-Tremblay, Marco
AU  - Bouanich, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - Measurements and theoretical calculations of N2-broadening and N2-shift coefficients in the ν 2 band of CH3D
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 235
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 53
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, we report measured Lorentz N2-broadening and N2-induced pressure-shift coefficients of CH3D in the ν 2 fundamental band using a multispectrum fitting technique. These measurements were made by analyzing 11 laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.0056cm−1 resolution using the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona. The spectra were obtained using two absorption cells with path lengths of 10.2 and 25cm. The total sample pressures ranged from 0.98 to 402.25Torr with CH3D volume mixing ratios of 0.01 in nitrogen. We have been able to determine the N2 pressure-broadening coefficients of 368 ν 2 transitions with quantum numbers as high as J″=20 and K =16, where K″= K′≡ K (for a parallel band). The measured N2-broadening coefficients range from 0.0248 to 0.0742cm−1 atm−1 at 296K. All the measured pressure-shifts are negative. The reported N2-induced pressure-shift coefficients vary from about −0.0003 to −0.0094cm−1 atm−1. We have examined the dependence of the measured broadening and shift parameters on the J″, and K quantum numbers and also developed empirical expressions to describe the broadening coefficients in terms of m (m =−J″, J″, and J″+1 in the  Q  P-,  Q  Q-, and  Q  R-branch, respectively) and K. On average, the empirical expressions reproduce the measured broadening coefficients to within 4.7%. The N2-broadening and pressure-shift coefficients were calculated on the basis of a semiclassical model of interacting linear molecules performed by considering in addition to the electrostatic contributions the atom–atom Lennard-Jones potential. The theoretical results of the broadening coefficients are in good overall agreement with the experimental data (8.7%). The N2-pressure shifts whose vibrational contribution is derived from parameters fitted in the  Q  Q-branch of self-induced shifts of CH3D, are also in reasonable agreement with the scattered experimental data (20% in most cases). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - MANURE gases
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - CH3D
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Monodeuterated methane
KW  - N2-broadening
KW  - Spectral lineshape
N1  - Accession Number: 19684323; Predoi-Cross, Adriana 1; Email Address: Adriana.predoicross@uleth.ca Hambrook, Kyle 1 Brawley-Tremblay, Marco 1 Bouanich, Jean-Pierre 2 Smith, Mary Ann H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alta., Canada T1K 3M4  2: Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3361, Université de Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 350, F-91405 Orsay, France  3: Atmospheric Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 235 Issue 1, p35; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: MANURE gases; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH3D; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monodeuterated methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: N2-broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral lineshape; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2005.10.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Herring, G. C.
AU  - Elbing, Brian R.
T1  - Calibration of the pressure sensitivity of microphones by a free-field method at frequencies up to 80 kHz.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 119
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 320
EP  - 329
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A free-field (FF) substitution method for calibrating the pressure sensitivity of microphones at frequencies up to 80 kHz is demonstrated with both grazing and normal-incidence geometries. The substitution-based method, as opposed to a simultaneous method, avoids problems associated with the nonuniformity of the sound field and, as applied here, uses a 1/4-in. air-condenser pressure microphone as a known reference. Best results were obtained with a centrifugal fan, which is used as a random, broadband sound source. A broadband source minimizes reflection-related interferences that can plague FF measurements. Calibrations were performed on 1/4-in. FF air-condenser, electret, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microphones in an anechoic chamber. The uncertainty of this FF method is estimated by comparing the pressure sensitivity of an air-condenser FF microphone, as derived from the FF measurement, with that of an electrostatic actuator calibration. The root-mean-square difference is found to be ±0.3 dB over the range 1–80 kHz, and the combined standard uncertainty of the FF method, including other significant contributions, is ±0.41 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - FREQUENCY spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 20559979; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 1,2 Herring, G. C. 1; Email Address: g.c.herring@larc.nasa.gov Elbing, Brian R. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  3: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 119 Issue 1, p320; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: FREQUENCY spectra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2141360
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Hurst, Janet B.
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
T1  - Boron Nitride Nanotubes-Reinforced Glass Composites.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 89
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 388
EP  - 390
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) of significant lengths were synthesized by reaction of boron with nitrogen. Barium calcium aluminosilicate glass composites reinforced with∼4 wt% of BNNT were fabricated by hot pressing. Ambient-temperature flexure strength and fracture toughness of the glass-BNNT composites were determined. The strength and fracture toughness of the composite were higher by as much as 90% and 35%, respectively, than those of the unreinforced glass. Microscopic examination of the composite fracture surfaces showed pullout of the BNNT. The preliminary results on the processing and improvement in mechanical properties of BNNT-reinforced glass matrix composites are being reported here for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - BORON
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - CALCIUM
KW  - GLASS
N1  - Accession Number: 19149225; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: narottam.p.bansal@nasa.gov Hurst, Janet B. 1 Choi, Sung R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 89 Issue 1, p388; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: CALCIUM; Subject Term: GLASS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00701.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kakar, Ramesh
AU  - Goodman, Michael
AU  - Hood, Robbie
AU  - Guillory, Anthony
T1  - Overview of the Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX).
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 18
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This paper presents an overview of the Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX), including the field operations, aircraft platforms and missions, instrumentation, and data acquired during 1998 and 2001 field campaigns. A total of eight tropical storms and hurricanes were investigated during the CAMEX field campaigns including Bonnie, Danielle, Earl, and Georges during 1998 and Chantal, Erin, Gabrielle, and Humberto during 2001. Most of these storms were sampled with aircraft over the open ocean, but Hurricanes Bonnie (1998), Georges (1998), and Gabrielle (2001) also provided opportunities to monitor landfalling impacts. A few of the storms were sampled on multiple occasions during a course of several days. Most notable of these was Hurricane Humberto, which was sampled on three consecutive days during a cycle of both increasing and decreasing intensity change. Information collected for each of the eight CAMEX tropical storms as well as the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission validation activities are accessible via the CAMEX Web site and archived at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - HURRICANES
KW  - STORMS
KW  - CYCLONES
N1  - Accession Number: 19546730; Kakar, Ramesh 1 Goodman, Michael 2; Email Address: michael.goodman@nasa.gov Hood, Robbie 2 Guillory, Anthony 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p5; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: HURRICANES; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: CYCLONES; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamineni, Rupa
AU  - Krishnamurti, T. N.
AU  - Pattnaik, S.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
T1  - Impact of CAMEX-4 Datasets for Hurricane Forecasts Using a Global Model.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 151
EP  - 174
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study explores the impact on hurricane data assimilation and forecasts from the use of dropsondes and remotely sensed moisture profiles from the airborne Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) system. It is shown here that the use of these additional datasets, more than those from the conventional world weather watch, has a positive impact on hurricane predictions. The forecast tracks and intensity from the experiments show a marked improvement compared to the control experiment in which such datasets were excluded. A study of the moisture budget in these hurricanes showed enhanced evaporation and precipitation over the storm area. This resulted in these datasets making a large impact on the estimate of mass convergence and moisture fluxes, which were much smaller in the control runs. Overall this study points to the importance of high vertical resolution humidity datasets for improved model results. It is noted that the forecast impact from the moisture-profiling datasets for some of the storms is even larger than the impact from the use of dropwindsonde-based winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HURRICANES
KW  - FORECASTING
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - EVAPORATION (Meteorology)
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - STORMS
KW  - WINDS
N1  - Accession Number: 19546728; Kamineni, Rupa 1 Krishnamurti, T. N. 1 Pattnaik, S. 1 Browell, Edward V. 2; Email Address: e.v.browell@larc.nasa.gov Ismail, Syed 2 Ferrare, Richard A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p151; Subject Term: HURRICANES; Subject Term: FORECASTING; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: WINDS; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Bansemer, Aaron
AU  - Durden, Stephen L.
AU  - Herman, Robert L.
AU  - Bui, T. Paul
T1  - Ice Microphysics Observations in Hurricane Humberto: Comparison with Non-Hurricane-Generated Ice Cloud Layers.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 308
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Measurements are presented that were acquired from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DC-8 aircraft during an intensive 3-day study of Tropical Storm/Hurricane Humberto on 22, 23, and 24 September 2001. Particle size distributions, particle image information, vertical velocities, and single- and dual-wavelength Doppler radar observations were obtained during repeated sampling of the eyewall and outer eye regions. Eyewall sampling temperatures ranged from -22° to -57°C and peak updraft velocities from 4 to 15 m s-1. High concentrations of small ice particles, in the order 50 cm-3 and above, were observed within and around the updrafts. Aggregates, some larger than 7 mm, dominated the larger sizes. The slope of the fitted exponential size distributions λ was distinctly different close to the eye than outside of that region. Even at low temperatures, λ was characteristic of warm temperature growth (λ < 30 cm-1) close to the eye and characteristic of low temperature growth outside of it as well (λ > 100 cm-1). The two modes found for λ are shown to be consistent with observations from nonhurricane ice cloud layers formed through deep convection, but differ markedly from ice cloud layers generated in situ. It is shown that the median, mass-weighted, terminal velocities derived for the Humberto data and from the other datasets are primarily a function of λ. Microphysical measurements and dual wavelength radar observations are used together to infer and interpret particle growth processes. Rain in the lower portions of the eyewall extended up to the 6- or 7-km level. In the outer eye regions, aggregation progressed downward from between 8.5 and 11.9 km to the melting layer, with some graupel noted in rainbands. Homogeneous ice nucleation is implicated in the high concentrations of small ice particles observed in the vicinity of the updrafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE
KW  - STORMS
KW  - HURRICANES
KW  - PHYSICAL geography
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RADAR
N1  - Accession Number: 19546738; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: heyms1@ncar.ucar.edu Bansemer, Aaron 1 Durden, Stephen L. 2 Herman, Robert L. 2 Bui, T. Paul 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p288; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: HURRICANES; Subject Term: PHYSICAL geography; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RADAR; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mushinzimana, Emmanuel
AU  - Munga, Stephen
AU  - Minakawa, Noboru
AU  - Li Li
AU  - Chen-chieh Feng
AU  - Bian, Ling
AU  - Kitron, Uriel
AU  - Schmidt, Cindy
AU  - Beck, Louisa
AU  - Zhou, Guofa
AU  - Githeko, Andrew K.
AU  - Guiyun Yan
T1  - Landscape determinants and remote sensing of anopheline mosquito larval habitats in the western Kenya highlands.
JO  - Malaria Journal
JF  - Malaria Journal
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 11
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 14752875
AB  - Background: In the past two decades the east African highlands have experienced several major malaria epidemics. Currently there is a renewed interest in exploring the possibility of anopheline larval control through environmental management or larvicide as an additional means of reducing malaria transmission in Africa. This study examined the landscape determinants of anopheline mosquito larval habitats and usefulness of remote sensing in identifying these habitats in western Kenya highlands. Methods: Panchromatic aerial photos, Ikonos and Landsat Thematic Mapper 7 satellite images were acquired for a study area in Kakamega, western Kenya. Supervised classification of land-use and land-cover and visual identification of aquatic habitats were conducted. Ground survey of all aquatic habitats was conducted in the dry and rainy seasons in 2003. All habitats positive for anopheline larvae were identified. The retrieved data from the remote sensors were compared to the ground results on aquatic habitats and land-use. The probability of  inding aquatic habitats and habitats with Anopheles larvae were modelled based on the igital elevation model and landuse types. Results: The misclassification rate of land-cover types was 10.8% based on Ikonos imagery, 22.6% for panchromatic aerial photos and 39.2% for Landsat TM 7 imagery. The Ikonos image identified 40.6% of aquatic habitats, aerial photos identified 10.6%, and Landsate TM 7 image identified 0%. Computer models based on topographic features and land-cover information obtained from the Ikonos image yielded a misclassification rate of 20.3-22.7% for aquatic habitats, and 18.1-25.1% for anopheline-positive larval habitats. Conclusion: One-metre spatial resolution Ikonos images combined with computer modelling based on topographic land-cover features are useful tools for identification of anopheline larval habitats, and they can  be used to assist to malaria vector control in western Kenya highlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Malaria Journal is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOSQUITO larvae
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - EPIDEMICS
KW  - KENYA
N1  - Accession Number: 30094748; Mushinzimana, Emmanuel 1; Email Address: Emushinzimana@kisian.mimcom.net Munga, Stephen 1; Email Address: smunga@kisian.mimcom.net Minakawa, Noboru 2; Email Address: minakawa@net.nagasaki-u.ac.jp Li Li 3; Email Address: lli7@buffalo.edu Chen-chieh Feng 3; Email Address: feng@uwp.edu Bian, Ling 3; Email Address: lbian@buffalo.edu Kitron, Uriel 4; Email Address: ukitron@uiuc.edu Schmidt, Cindy 5; Email Address: cschmidt@mail.arc.nasa.gov Beck, Louisa 5; Email Address: lback@mail.arc.nasa.gov Zhou, Guofa 2; Email Address: gzhou2@buffalo.edu Githeko, Andrew K. 1; Email Address: agitheko@kisian.mimcom.net Guiyun Yan 2; Email Address: guiyuny@uci.edu; Affiliation:  1: Climate and Human Health Research Unit, Centre for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kenya  2: Program in Public Health, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  3: National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis and Department of Geography, New York State University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA  4: Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA  5: Center for Health Applications of Aerospace Related Technologies, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 5, p13; Subject Term: MOSQUITO larvae; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: KENYA; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1475-2875-5-13
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Faircloth, Daniel L.
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
AU  - Rao, Sadasiva M.
AU  - Deshpande, Manohar D.
T1  - Investigation of reflection and transmission properties of dielectric slabs randomly doped with conducting objects.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 83
EP  - 86
SN  - 08952477
AB  - Using a finite-element method, the likelihood of producing useful frequency-dependent reflection/transmission characteristics of randomly doped dielectric slabs is investigated. The responses of short conducting wires randomly embedded throughout the slab and conducting triangular patches and wires limited to the dielectric surface are investigated using a computationally efficient algorithm. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 83–86, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21268 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - MICROWAVE optics
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - finite-element method (FEM)
KW  - random media
KW  - S-parameters
N1  - Accession Number: 18795970; Faircloth, Daniel L. 1 Baginski, Michael E. 1 Rao, Sadasiva M. 1 Deshpande, Manohar D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 200 Broun Hall, Auburn University, AL 36849  2: Electromagnetics Research Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p83; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: MICROWAVE optics; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite-element method (FEM); Author-Supplied Keyword: random media; Author-Supplied Keyword: S-parameters; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.21268
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wulfmeyer, Volker
AU  - Bauer, Hans-Stefan
AU  - Grzeschik, Matthias
AU  - Behrendt, Andreas
AU  - Vandenberghe, Francois
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
T1  - Four-Dimensional Variational Assimilation of Water Vapor Differential Absorption Lidar Data: The First Case Study within IHOP_2002.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 134
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 230
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Four-dimensional variational assimilation of water vapor differential absorption lidar (DIAL) data has been applied for investigating their impact on the initial water field for mesoscale weather forecasting. A case that was observed during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) has been selected. During 24 May 2002, data from the NASA Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment were available upstream of a convective system that formed later along the dryline and a cold front. Tools were developed for routinely assimilating water vapor DIAL data into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The results demonstrate a large impact on the initial water vapor field. This is due to the high resolution and accuracy of DIAL data making the observation of the high spatial variability of humidity in the region of the dryline and of the cold front possible. The water vapor field is mainly adjusted by a modification of the atmospheric wind field changing the moisture transport. A positive impact of the improved initial fields on the spatial/temporal prediction of convective initiation is visible. The results demonstrate the high value of accurate, vertically resolved mesoscale water vapor observations and advanced data assimilation systems for short-range weather forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOISTURE -- Measurement
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - GEOPHYSICAL prediction
KW  - FORECASTING
N1  - Accession Number: 19560151; Wulfmeyer, Volker 1; Email Address: wulfmeye@uni-hohenheim.de Bauer, Hans-Stefan 1 Grzeschik, Matthias 1 Behrendt, Andreas 1 Vandenberghe, Francois 2 Browell, Edward V. 3 Ismail, Syed 3 Ferrare, Richard A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Physik und Meteorologie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany  2: Research Applications Program, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p209; Subject Term: MOISTURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICAL prediction; Subject Term: FORECASTING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wakimoto, Roger M.
AU  - Murphey, Hanne V.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
T1  - The “Triple Point” on 24 May 2002 during IHOP. Part I: Airborne Doppler and LASE Analyses of the Frontal Boundaries and Convection Initiation.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 134
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 231
EP  - 250
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - An analysis of the initiation of deep convection near the triple point between a cold front and dryline is presented. High-spatial-resolution Doppler wind syntheses combined with vertical cross sections of mixing ratio (q) and aerosol scattering ratio retrieved from a lidar flying over the triple point provide an unprecedented view of the initiation process. The Doppler wind synthesis revealed variability along the dryline similar to the precipitation core/gap structure documented for oceanic cold fronts. Vertical cross sections through the dryline suggest a density current–like structure with the hot and dry air being forced up and over the moist air. Double thin lines associated with moisture gradients were also resolved. The vertical profile of retrieved q, approximately perpendicular to the dryline, showed a pronounced jump in the depth of the moisture layer across the triple point. Analyses of dropsonde data show the existence of virtual potential temperature (θV) gradients across the cold front and the dryline. Although the vertical velocity was strong at the triple point, deep convection initiated ∼50 km to the east. The location where convection first developed was characterized by a prominent aerosol and moisture plume, reduced static stability, and the largest potential instability. An internal gravity wave may have provided the lift to initiate convection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - DOPPLER radar
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - DOPPLER effect
N1  - Accession Number: 19560150; Wakimoto, Roger M. 1; Email Address: wakimoto@ucar.edu Murphey, Hanne V. 1 Browell, Edward V. 2 Ismail, Syed 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p231; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: DOPPLER radar; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lei Li
AU  - Xiangfeng Wang
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Xueyong Li
AU  - Dongfen Zhang
AU  - Ning Su
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Songgang Li
AU  - Zhukuan Cheng
AU  - Jun Wang
AU  - Xing Wang Deng
T1  - Genome-wide transcription analyses in rice using tiling microarrays.
JO  - Nature Genetics
JF  - Nature Genetics
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 124
EP  - 129
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 10614036
AB  - Sequencing and computational annotation revealed several features, including high gene numbers, unusual composition of the predicted genes and a large number of genes lacking homology to known genes, that distinguish the rice (Oryza sativa) genome from that of other fully sequenced model species. We report here a full-genome transcription analysis of the indica rice subspecies using high-density oligonucleotide tiling microarrays. Our results provided expression data support for the existence of 35,970 (81.9%) annotated gene models and identified 5,464 unique transcribed intergenic regions that share similar compositional properties with the annotated exons and have significant homology to other plant proteins. Elucidating and mapping of all transcribed regions revealed an association between global transcription and cytological chromosome features, and an overall similarity of transcriptional activity between duplicated segments of the genome. Collectively, our results provide the first whole-genome transcription map useful for further understanding the rice genome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Genetics is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - RICE
KW  - HOMOLOGY (Biology)
KW  - PROTEIN microarrays
KW  - OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
KW  - PLANT proteins
N1  - Accession Number: 19316170; Lei Li 1 Xiangfeng Wang 2; Email Address: xingwang.deng@yale.edu Stolc, Viktor 3 Xueyong Li 4 Dongfen Zhang 5 Ning Su 6 Tongprasit, Waraporn 7 Songgang Li 8 Zhukuan Cheng 5 Jun Wang 6 Xing Wang Deng 5; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Biological Sciences, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China.  2: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.  3: Peking-Yale Joint Research Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.  4: Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China.  5: Genome Research Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.  6: National Center for Crop Design, China Bioway Biotech Group Co., LTD, Beijing 100085, China.  7: Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.  8: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94087, USA.; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p124; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: RICE; Subject Term: HOMOLOGY (Biology); Subject Term: PROTEIN microarrays; Subject Term: OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; Subject Term: PLANT proteins; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111160 Rice Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ng1704
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Younis, Bassam A.
AU  - Ye Zhou
T1  - Accounting for mean-flow periodicity in turbulence closures.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 018102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Measurements of the turbulence energy spectrum in the unsteady wakes of bodies in uniform incident streams clearly show the presence of a distinct peak in energy supply that occurs at the Strouhal frequency and whose presence implies a strong and direct interaction between the organized mean-flow unsteadiness and the random turbulence motions. It is argued here that the well-documented failure of conventional turbulence closures in capturing the main features of unsteady flows is largely due to their inability to properly account for the modifications in the energy spectrum wrought by these interactions. We derive a simple modification to the turbulence length-scale determining equation based on analysis of a distorted energy spectrum, and verify the result by computations of vortex shedding behind a square cylinder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 19601081; Younis, Bassam A. 1; Email Address: bayounis@ucdavis.edu Ye Zhou 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616  2: Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p018102; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2166458
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rovey, Joshua L.
AU  - Walker, Mitchell L. R.
AU  - Gallimore, Alec D.
AU  - Peterson, Peter Y.
T1  - Magnetically filtered Faraday probe for measuring the ion current density profile of a Hall thruster.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 77
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 013503
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - The ability of a magnetically filtered Faraday probe (MFFP) to obtain the ion current density profile of a Hall thruster is investigated. The MFFP is designed to eliminate the collection of low-energy, charge-exchange (CEX) ions by using a variable magnetic field as an ion filter. In this study, a MFFP, Faraday probe with a reduced acceptance angle (BFP), and nude Faraday probe are used to measure the ion current density profile of a 5 kW Hall thruster operating over the range of 300–500 V and 5–10 mg/s. The probes are evaluated on a xenon propellant Hall thruster in the University of Michigan Large Vacuum Test Facility at operating pressures within the range of 4.4×10-4 Pa Xe (3.3×10-6 Torr Xe) to 1.1×10-3 Pa Xe (8.4×10-6 Torr Xe) in order to study the ability of the Faraday probe designs to filter out CEX ions. Detailed examination of the results shows that the nude probe measures a greater ion current density profile than both the MFFP and BFP over the range of angular positions investigated for each operating condition. The differences between the current density profiles obtained by each probe are attributed to the ion filtering systems employed. Analysis of the results shows that the MFFP, operating at a +5 A solenoid current, provides the best agreement with flight-test data and across operating pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FARADAY effect
KW  - MAGNETOOPTICS
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - XENON
KW  - AIR analysis
KW  - CHARGE exchange
KW  - IONS
N1  - Accession Number: 19633171; Rovey, Joshua L. 1; Email Address: jrovey@umich.edu Walker, Mitchell L. R. 1 Gallimore, Alec D. 1 Peterson, Peter Y. 2; Affiliation:  1: Plasmadynamics and Electric Propulsion Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109  2: QSS Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 77 Issue 1, p013503; Subject Term: FARADAY effect; Subject Term: MAGNETOOPTICS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: XENON; Subject Term: AIR analysis; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Subject Term: IONS; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2149006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Funk, Shamus
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Burghaus, Uwe
T1  - Atomistic modeling of Zn deposition on the low index faces of Cu
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 600
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 204
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: The formation process of Zn/Cu surface alloys is investigated using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys. The effects of the crystallographic orientation on the deposition process, formation of surface alloys as a function of temperature and coverage, Zn surface migration, and interdiffusion in the Cu substrate, are modeled and discussed with atom-by-atom energy analyses and large scale simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZINC
KW  - AMALGAMATION
KW  - COPPER
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - MATTER -- Constitution
KW  - Adatoms
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Copper
KW  - Semi-empirical methods and model calculations
KW  - Surface alloys
KW  - Surface structure
KW  - Zinc
N1  - Accession Number: 19394723; Funk, Shamus 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2,3; Email Address: Guillermo.H.Bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Garcés, Jorge E. 4 Burghaus, Uwe 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 600 Issue 1, p195; Subject Term: ZINC; Subject Term: AMALGAMATION; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: MATTER -- Constitution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods and model calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zinc; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2005.10.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linde, Charlotte
T1  - Shouldering Risks: The Culture of Control in the Nuclear Power Industry.
JO  - Technology & Culture
JF  - Technology & Culture
Y1  - 2006/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 226
EP  - 227
SN  - 0040165X
AB  - Reviews the book "Shouldering Risks: The Culture of Control in the Nuclear Power Industry," by Constance Perin.
KW  - NUCLEAR industry
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - PERIN, Constance
KW  - SHOULDERING Risks: The Culture of Control in the Nuclear Power Industry (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 20601499; Linde, Charlotte 1; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p226; Subject Term: NUCLEAR industry; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: SHOULDERING Risks: The Culture of Control in the Nuclear Power Industry (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; People: PERIN, Constance; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Lukaszew, Rosa Alejandra
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
T1  - Atomistic modeling of surface alloy ordering and segregation in the Fe–Pt system.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/01/02/
VL  - 88
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 011915
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A unified description of Pt segregation in Fe–Pt alloys and alloy ordering after Fe deposition on a Pt substrate is provided. Atomistic modeling using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith quantum approximate method for alloys explains the mechanisms leading to full Pt segregation in the first case and a stable mixed Fe–Pt surface with subsurface ordering in the second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON
KW  - PLATINUM
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - MAGNETIC properties
KW  - MAGNETISM
KW  - SUPERLATTICES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 19529352; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermobozzolo@oai.org Lukaszew, Rosa Alejandra 3 Garcés, Jorge E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606  4: Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energia Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: 1/2/2006, Vol. 88 Issue 1, p011915; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: PLATINUM; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: MAGNETIC properties; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: SUPERLATTICES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2158515
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19529352&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Guangyoung
T1  - Rotor drop and following thermal growth simulations using detailed auxiliary bearing and damper models
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2006/01/03/
VL  - 289
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 334
EP  - 359
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Catcher bearings (CBs) or auxiliary bearings provide mechanical backup protection in the events of magnetic bearing failure. This paper presents numerical analysis for a rotor drop on CBs and following thermal growths due to their mechanical rub using detailed CB and damper models. The detailed CB model is determined based on its material, geometry, speed and preload using the nonlinear Hertzian load–deflection formula, and the thermal growths of bearing components during the rotor drop are estimated using a 1D thermal model. A finite-element squeeze film damper provides the pressure profile of an annular oil film and the resulting viscous damping force. Numerical simulations of an energy storage flywheel with magnetic suspensions failed reveal that an optimal CB design using the detailed simulation models stabilizes the rotor drop dynamics and lowers the thermal growths while preventing the high-speed backward whirl. Furthermore, CB design guides based on the simulation results are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - EUCLID'S elements
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - MAGNETIC suspension
KW  - rubs
N1  - Accession Number: 18963562; Sun, Guangyoung 1; Email Address: guangdol@hotmail.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 289 Issue 1/2, p334; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: EUCLID'S elements; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: MAGNETIC suspension; Author-Supplied Keyword: rubs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.02.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=18963562&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sulima, O. V.
AU  - Swaminathan, K.
AU  - Refaat, T. F.
AU  - Faleev, N. N.
AU  - Semenov, A. N.
AU  - Solov'ev, V. A.
AU  - Ivanov, S. V.
AU  - Abedin, M. N.
AU  - Singh, U. N.
AU  - Prather, D.
T1  - 2.4 µm cutoff wavelength AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistors.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2006/01/05/
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 56
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 00135194
AB  - The first AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistors with a cutoff wavelength (50% of peak responsivity) of 2.4 µm operating in a broad range of temperatures are reported. These devices are also the first AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb heterojunction phototransistors (HPT) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The new MBE-grown HPT exhibited both high responsivity R (up to 2334 A/W for λ=2.05 µm at-20°C) and specific detectivity D* (up to 2.1×1011 cmHz1/2/W for λ=2.05µm at -20°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - LENGTH measurement
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - HETEROJUNCTIONS
KW  - HETEROSTRUCTURES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR junctions
N1  - Accession Number: 19406466; Sulima, O. V. 1; Email Address: osulima@udel.com Swaminathan, K. 1 Refaat, T. F. 2 Faleev, N. N. 1 Semenov, A. N. 3 Solov'ev, V. A. 3 Ivanov, S. V. 3 Abedin, M. N. 4 Singh, U. N. 4 Prather, D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, 140 Evans Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA  2: Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Ioffe Institute, 26 Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, Russia 194021  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 1/5/2006, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: LENGTH measurement; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: HETEROJUNCTIONS; Subject Term: HETEROSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR junctions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el:20063904
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19406466&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - Montmessin, F.
AU  - Hourdin, F.
AU  - Lebonnois, S.
T1  - The Latitudinal Distribution of Clouds on Titan.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/01/13/
VL  - 311
IS  - 5758
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 205
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Clouds have been observed recently on Titan, through the thick haze, using near-infrared spectroscopy and images near the south pole and in temperate regions near 40°S. Recent telescope and Cassini orbiter observations are now providing an insight into cloud climatology. To study clouds, we have developed a general circulation model of Titan that includes cloud microphysics. We identify and explain the formation of several types of ethane and methane clouds, including south polar clouds and sporadic clouds in temperate regions and especially at 40° in the summer hemisphere. The locations, frequencies, and composition of these cloud types are essentially explained by the large-scale circulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - GENERAL circulation model
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - SOUTH Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 19531603; Rannou, P. 1; Email Address: pra@aero.jussieu.fr Montmessin, F. 1,2 Hourdin, F. 3 Lebonnois, S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Service d'Aéronomic, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin, BP3, 91371 Verrières le Buisson, France.  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL, Université de Paris 6, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France.; Source Info: 1/13/2006, Vol. 311 Issue 5758, p201; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: GENERAL circulation model; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3914
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maslov, A. V.
AU  - Bakunov, M. I.
AU  - Ning, C. Z.
T1  - Distribution of optical emission between guided modes and free space in a semiconductor nanowire.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/01/15/
VL  - 99
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 024314
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We study the distribution of the emitted power between the free-space modes and guided modes in a semiconductor nanowire. We analyze all possible dipole orientations and nanowire radii in the range from very small to comparable to the wavelength. Our theoretical approach is based on the Fourier transform technique and equivalent to the construction of Green’s function for a dipole at an arbitrary location inside the nanowire. We show that the total emitted power can exhibit rather pronounced oscillations as a function of the frequency and radius. The far-field pattern is also very sensitive to the frequency and radius, especially in the regime when leaky (or whispering gallery) modes with finite axial wave numbers are excited. We discuss the enhancement of emission into guided modes due to formation of Fabry-Pérot cavity in a finite length nanowire. Our results yield directly the extraction efficiencies and angular distribution of radiation of light-emitting diodes made of nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - MAGNETIC dipoles
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - RADIUS (Anatomy)
KW  - LIGHT emitting diodes
KW  - NUCLEAR reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 19601183; Maslov, A. V. 1; Email Address: amaslov@mail.arc.nasa.gov Bakunov, M. I. 2 Ning, C. Z. 1; Email Address: cning@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia; Source Info: 1/15/2006, Vol. 99 Issue 2, p024314; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC dipoles; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: RADIUS (Anatomy); Subject Term: LIGHT emitting diodes; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2164538
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katzberg, Stephen J.
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Grant, Michael S.
AU  - Masters, Dallas
T1  - Utilizing calibrated GPS reflected signals to estimate soil reflectivity and dielectric constant: Results from SMEX02
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/01/15/
VL  - 100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
EP  - 28
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Extensive reflected GPS data was collected using a GPS reflectometer installed on an HC130 aircraft during the Soil Moisture Experiment 2002 (SMEX02) near Ames, Iowa. At the same time, widespread surface truth data was acquired in the form of point soil moisture profiles, areal sampling of near-surface soil moisture, total green biomass and precipitation history, among others. Previously, there have been no reported efforts to calibrate reflected GPS data sets acquired over land. This paper reports the results of two approaches to calibration of the data that yield consistent results. It is shown that estimating the strength of the reflected signals by either (1) assuming an approximately specular surface reflection or (2) inferring the surface slope probability density and associated normalization constants give essentially the same results for the conditions encountered in SMEX02. The corrected data is converted to surface reflectivity and then to dielectric constant as a test of the calibration approaches. Utilizing the extensive in-situ soil moisture related data this paper also presents the results of comparing the GPS-inferred relative dielectric constant with the Wang–Schmugge model frequently used to relate volume moisture content to dielectric constant. It is shown that the calibrated GPS reflectivity estimates follow the expected dependence of permittivity with volume moisture, but with the following qualification: The soil moisture value governing the reflectivity appears to come from only the top 1–2 cm of soil, a result consistent with results found for other microwave techniques operating at L-band. Nevertheless, the experimentally derived dielectric constant is generally lower than predicted. Possible explanations are presented to explain this result. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - SOIL physics
KW  - SOIL infiltration rate
KW  - GPS
KW  - Reflected GPS
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - SMEX02
KW  - Soil dielectric constant
KW  - Soil moisture
N1  - Accession Number: 19306831; Katzberg, Stephen J. 1 Torres, Omar 1; Email Address: omar.torres-1@nasa.gov Grant, Michael S. 1 Masters, Dallas 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 100 Issue 1, p17; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: SOIL physics; Subject Term: SOIL infiltration rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reflected GPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: SMEX02; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil dielectric constant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.09.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamato, K.
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Matsumoto, H.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, S.
AU  - Ormes, J.F.
AU  - Sanuki, T.
AU  - Sasaki, M.
AU  - Seo, E.S.
AU  - Shikaze, Y.
AU  - Streitmatter, R.E.
AU  - Suzuki, J.
AU  - Tanaka, K.
T1  - Measurements of atmospheric antiprotons
JO  - Physics Letters B
JF  - Physics Letters B
Y1  - 2006/01/19/
VL  - 632
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
EP  - 479
SN  - 03702693
AB  - Abstract: We measured atmospheric antiproton spectra in the energy range 0.2 to 3.4 GeV, at sea level and at balloon altitude in the atmospheric depth range 4.5 to 26 g/cm2. The observed energy spectra, including our previous measurements at mountain altitude, were compared with estimated spectra calculated on various assumptions regarding the energy distribution of antiprotons that interacted with air nuclei. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physics Letters B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - Atmospheric cosmic rays
KW  - Cosmic-ray antiprotons
KW  - Superconducting spectrometers
N1  - Accession Number: 19338763; Yamato, K. 1 Abe, K. 1 Fuke, H. 2 Haino, S. 3 Makida, Y. 3 Matsuda, S. 4 Matsumoto, H. 4 Mitchell, J.W. 5 Moiseev, A.A. 5 Nishimura, J. 4 Nozaki, M. 1 Orito, S. 4 Ormes, J.F. 5 Sanuki, T. 4; Email Address: sanuki@icepp.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Sasaki, M. 5 Seo, E.S. 6 Shikaze, Y. 1 Streitmatter, R.E. 5 Suzuki, J. 3 Tanaka, K. 3; Affiliation:  1: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  2: The Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS) of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan  3: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  4: The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 632 Issue 4, p475; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray antiprotons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconducting spectrometers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physletb.2005.11.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dever, Joyce A.
AU  - Deshpande, Mukund S.
AU  - Jaworske, Donald A.
AU  - Cerbus, Clifford A.
T1  - Issues and Advancements in Space Durable Multi-Functional Thermal Control Coatings.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 10
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Passive spacecraft thermal control coatings are required to possess properties of low solar absorptance, high thermal emittance, and stability to survive the space environment for the mission duration. The white paint coatings Z-93, YB-71 and S13G/LO, originally developed in the 1960s, have been successfully used for satellite thermal control and have served as standards for spacecraft white thermal control paints. Since their original development, these coatings have gone through re-formulations as original raw materials became unavailable; however, their replacement products continue to serve as standards for spaceflight thermal control. Unique conditions of space exploration and space science missions have required that additional functionalities be incorporated into spacecraft thermal control coatings. Coating development efforts have addressed needs for long-life stability, surface conductivity, and the ability to clean coating surfaces. Advancements in development of lightweight composite structures for spacecraft have led to the need for thermal control coatings that are adherent and compatible with these composite substrates, whereas the original formulations of white paints were developed for application to aluminum substrates. The pursuit of nuclear reactor powered spacecraft for future missions requires coating/substrate systems which are not only compatible with harsh space radiation environmental exposures, but must also perform at higher temperatures than have been previously required. Future missions to the lunar and Martian surfaces will additionally require thermal control coatings for which dust accumulation can be mitigated. Although advancements continue in the area of thermal control materials technologies, thermal control coatings are not currently commercially available to meet all of these advanced requirements. This paper presents some of the unique challenges for thermal control material systems for future space missions and some current approaches to meeting these challenges. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - coatings
KW  - radiation effects on materials
KW  - space environment
KW  - spacecraft
KW  - Thermal control
N1  - Accession Number: 19564564; Dever, Joyce A. 1; Email Address: joyce.a.dever@nasa.gov Deshpande, Mukund S. 2 Jaworske, Donald A. 1 Cerbus, Clifford A. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., M.S. 309-2, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135  2: Applied Material Systems Engineering, Inc., 2309 Pennsbury Ct., Schaumburg, IL 60194  3: University of Dayton Research Institute, 300 College Park Ave., Dayton, OH 45469; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: OUTER space; Author-Supplied Keyword: coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation effects on materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: space environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169173
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564564&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaworske, Donald A.
T1  - Electron Beam Exposure of Thermal Control Paints on Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-Polyimide Composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 50
EP  - 55
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Carbon-carbon and carbon-polyimide composites are being considered for use as radiator face sheets or fins for space radiator applications. Several traditional white thermal control paints are being considered for the surface of the composite face sheets or fins. One threat to radiator performance is high energy electrons. The durability of the thermal control paints applied to the carbon-carbon and carbon-polyimide composites was evaluated after extended exposure to 4.5 MeV electrons. Electron exposure was conducted under argon utilizing a Mylar™ bag enclosure. Solar absorptance and infrared emittance was evaluated before and after exposure to identify optical properties degradation. Adhesion of the paints to the carbon-carbon and carbon-polyimide composite substrates was also of interest. Adhesion was evaluated on pristine and electron beam exposed coupons using a variation of the ASTM D-3359 tape test. Results of the optical properties evaluation and the adhesion tape tests are summarized. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON beams
KW  - ELECTRON optics
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - infrared emittance
KW  - Solar absorptance
N1  - Accession Number: 19564558; Jaworske, Donald A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p50; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: ELECTRON optics; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared emittance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar absorptance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169179
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564558&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilland, James
AU  - McGuire, Melissa
AU  - Corle, Tyacie
AU  - Clem, Michelle
T1  - Mission Performance of High-Power Electromagnetic Thruster Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 208
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Electromagnetic thrusters such as the Magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thruster and Pulsed Inductive Thruster provide the relatively unique capability to process megawatts (MW) of power compactly at specific impulses (Isp) of 2,000 to 10,000 seconds. This capability is well suited to demanding future missions such as cargo and piloted missions to Mars, in which large payload masses or short trip times require MW power levels. These two thrusters have been modeled at both the performance and system mass level, addressing thruster efficiency, Isp, voltage and current, and the mass of thrusters as well as their corresponding heat rejection and power processing subsystems. The resulting data have been assessed for representative Mars exploration missions using detailed low thrust trajectory codes in conjunction with the thruster system models. Analyses indicate that the thruster type and technology levels have less impact on overall mission performance than the total power level. For the 2.5 and 5 MW cases considered, the lower power delivered 50% more payload. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - ELECTRIC motors
KW  - PLASMA rockets
KW  - ELECTRIC rocket engines
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - Electric Propulsion
KW  - MPD
KW  - NEP
KW  - Nuclear Electric Propulsion
KW  - PIT
KW  - Plasma Propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 19564541; Gilland, James 1; Email Address: james.h.gilland@nasa.gov McGuire, Melissa 2 Corle, Tyacie 2 Clem, Michelle 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Brookpark, OH  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd. Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p201; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: ELECTRIC motors; Subject Term: PLASMA rockets; Subject Term: ELECTRIC rocket engines; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: MPD; Author-Supplied Keyword: NEP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear Electric Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: PIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma Propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169196
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564541&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGuire, Melissa L.
AU  - Martini, Michael C.
AU  - Packard, Thomas W.
AU  - Weglian, John E.
AU  - Gilland, James H.
T1  - Use of High-Power Brayton Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) for a 2033 Mars Round-Trip Mission.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 222
EP  - 229
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts (RASC) team, led by the NASA Langley Research Center, is tasked with exploring revolutionary new approaches to enabling NASA to achieve its strategic goals and objectives in future missions. This paper provides the details from the 2004–2005 RASC study of a point-design that uses a high-power nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) based space transportation architecture to support a manned mission to Mars. The study assumes a high-temperature liquid-metal cooled fission reactor with a Brayton power conversion system to generate the electrical power required by magnetoplasmadynamic (MPD) thrusters. The architecture includes a cargo vehicle with an NEP system providing 5 MW of electrical power and a crewed vehicle with an NEP system with two reactors providing a combined total of 10 MW of electrical power. Both vehicles use a low-thrust, high-efficiency (5000 sec specific impulse) MPD system to conduct a spiral-out of the Earth gravity well, a low-thrust heliocentric trajectory, and a spiral-in at Mars with arrival late in 2033. The cargo vehicle carries two moon landers to Mars and arrives shortly before the crewed vehicle. The crewed vehicle and cargo vehicle rendezvous in Mars orbit and, over the course of the 60-day stay, the crew conducts nine-day excursions to Phobos and Deimos with the landers. The crewed vehicle then spirals out of Martian orbit and returns via a low-thrust trajectory to conduct an Earth flyby. The crew separates from the vehicle prior to Earth flyby and aerobrakes for a direct-entry landing. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC cycles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Brayton
KW  - magnetoplasmadynamic
KW  - Mars
KW  - MPD
KW  - NASA
KW  - NEP
KW  - RASC
N1  - Accession Number: 19564539; McGuire, Melissa L. 1; Email Address: Melissa.L.Mcguire@nasa.gov Martini, Michael C. 1,2 Packard, Thomas W. 1,2 Weglian, John E. 1,3 Gilland, James H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Space Propulsion and Mission Analysis Office (Code: PBM), NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 500-103, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Analex Corporation, 1100 Apollo Drive, Brook Park, OH 44142  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Brook Park, OH 44142; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p222; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC cycles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brayton; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetoplasmadynamic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: MPD; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: NEP; Author-Supplied Keyword: RASC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169198
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564539&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mason, Lee S.
T1  - A Comparison of Fission Power System Options for Lunar and Mars Surface Applications.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 270
EP  - 280
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents a comparison of reactor and power conversion design options for 50 kWe class lunar and Mars surface power applications with scaling from 25 to 200 kWe. Design concepts and integration approaches are provided for three reactor-converter combinations: gas-cooled Brayton, liquid-metal Stirling, and liquid-metal thermoelectric. The study examines the mass and performance of low temperature, stainless steel based reactors and higher temperature refractory reactors. The preferred system implementation approach uses crew-assisted assembly and in-situ radiation shielding via installation of the reactor in an excavated hole. As an alternative, self-deployable system concepts that use earth-delivered, on-board radiation shielding are evaluated. The analyses indicate that among the 50 kWe stainless steel reactor options, the liquid-metal Stirling system provides the lowest mass at about 5300 kg followed by the gas-cooled Brayton at 5700 kg and the liquid-metal thermoelectric at 8400 kg. The use of a higher temperature, refractory reactor favors the gas-cooled Brayton option with a system mass of about 4200 kg as compared to the Stirling and thermoelectric options at 4700 kg and 5600 kg, respectively. The self-deployed concepts with on-board shielding result in a factor of two system mass increase as compared to the in-situ shielded concepts. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MOON
KW  - NUCLEAR fission
KW  - NUCLEAR reactions
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Brayton
KW  - Fission Power
KW  - Lunar and Mars Surface Power
KW  - Space Reactors
KW  - Stirling
KW  - Thermoelectric
N1  - Accession Number: 19564534; Mason, Lee S. 1; Email Address: lee.mason@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p270; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fission; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactions; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brayton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fission Power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar and Mars Surface Power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Reactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169203
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564534&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, Wayne A.
AU  - Anderson, David J.
AU  - Tuttle, Karen L.
AU  - Tew, Roy C.
T1  - Status of NASA’s Advanced Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology Research and Development.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 340
EP  - 347
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - NASA’s Advanced Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) development program is funding the advancement of next generation power conversion technologies that will enable future missions that have requirements that can not be met by either the ubiquitous photovoltaic systems or by current Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS). Requirements of advanced radioisotope power systems include high efficiency and high specific power (watts/kilogram) in order to meet mission requirements with less radioisotope fuel and lower mass. Other Advanced RPS development goals include long-life, reliability, and scalability so that these systems can meet requirements for a variety of future space applications including continual operation surface missions, outer-planetary missions, and solar probe. This paper provides an update on the Radioisotope Power Conversion Technology Project which awarded ten Phase I contracts for research and development of a variety of power conversion technologies consisting of Brayton, Stirling, thermoelectrics, and thermophotovoltaics. Three of the contracts continue during the current Phase II in the areas of thermoelectric and Stirling power conversion. The accomplishments to date of the contractors, project plans, and status will be summarized. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - RADIOACTIVE substances
KW  - ENERGY conversion
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - Energy Conversion
KW  - Power
KW  - Radioisotope
KW  - Regenerator
KW  - RPS
KW  - Stirling
KW  - Thermoelectric
N1  - Accession Number: 19564526; Wong, Wayne A. 1; Email Address: Wayne.A.Wong@nasa.gov Anderson, David J. 2 Tuttle, Karen L. 2 Tew, Roy C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Energy Conversion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Science Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p340; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE substances; Subject Term: ENERGY conversion; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy Conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radioisotope; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regenerator; Author-Supplied Keyword: RPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169211
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564526&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christie, Robert J.
AU  - Plachta, David W.
T1  - Zero Boil-Off System Design and Thermal Analysis of the Bimodal Thermal Nuclear Rocket.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 494
EP  - 501
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Mars exploration studies at NASA are evaluating vehicles that incorporate Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rocket (BNTR) propulsion which use a high temperature nuclear fission reactor and hydrogen to produce thermal propulsion. The hydrogen propellant is to be stored in liquid state for periods up to 18 months. To prevent boil-off of the liquid hydrogen, a system of passive and active components are needed to prevent heat from entering the tanks and to remove any heat that does. This report describes the design of the system components used for the BNTR Crew Transfer Vehicle and the thermal analysis performed. The results show that Zero Boil-Off (ZBO) can be achieved with the electrical power allocated for the ZBO system. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - NUCLEAR fission
KW  - NUCLEAR reactions
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Space Vehicle Thermal Analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 19564510; Christie, Robert J. 1; Email Address: robert.christie@zin-tech.com Plachta, David W. 2; Affiliation:  1: ZinTechnologies, 2001 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park, OH 44142  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p494; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fission; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactions; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Vehicle Thermal Analysis; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169227
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564510&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fittje, James E.
AU  - Buehrle, Robert J.
T1  - Conceptual Engine System Design for NERVA derived 66.7KN and 111.2KN Thrust Nuclear Thermal Rockets.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 502
EP  - 513
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Nuclear Thermal Rocket concept is being evaluated as an advanced propulsion concept for missions to the moon and Mars. A tremendous effort was undertaken during the 1960’s and 1970’s to develop and test NERVA derived Nuclear Thermal Rockets in the 111.2 KN to 1112 KN pound thrust class. NASA GRC is leveraging this past NTR investment in their vehicle concepts and mission analysis studies, and has been evaluating NERVA derived engines in the 66.7 KN to the 111.2 KN thrust range. The liquid hydrogen propellant feed system, including the turbopumps, is an essential component of the overall operation of this system. The NASA GRC team is evaluating numerous propellant feed system designs with both single and twin turbopumps. The Nuclear Engine System Simulation code is being exercised to analyze thermodynamic cycle points for these selected concepts. This paper will present propellant feed system concepts and the corresponding thermodynamic cycle points for 66.7 KN and 111.2 KN thrust NTR engine systems. A pump out condition for a twin turbopump concept will also be evaluated, and the NESS code will be assessed against the Small Nuclear Rocket Engine preliminary thermodynamic data. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR rocket engines
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - LIQUID propellant rockets
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - TURBINE pumps
KW  - Conceptual Design
KW  - Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engine
KW  - System Analysis
KW  - Turbopump
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19564509; Fittje, James E. 1; Email Address: james.e.fittje@grc.nasa.gov Buehrle, Robert J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Analex Corporation, Cleveland Ohio  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brookpark Ohio 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p502; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rocket engines; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: LIQUID propellant rockets; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: TURBINE pumps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conceptual Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: System Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbopump; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 9 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169228
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564509&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Shu-cheng S.
AU  - Veres, Joseph P.
AU  - Fittje, James E.
T1  - Turbopump Design and Analysis Approach for Nuclear Thermal Rockets.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 522
EP  - 530
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A rocket propulsion system, whether it is a chemical rocket or a nuclear thermal rocket, is fairly complex in detail but rather simple in principle. Among all the interacting parts, three components stand out: they are pumps & turbines (turbopumps), and the thrust chamber. To obtain an understanding of the overall rocket propulsion system characteristics, one starts from analyzing the interactions among these three components. It is therefore of utmost importance to be able to satisfactorily characterize the turbopump, level by level, at all phases of a vehicle design cycle. Here at the NASA Glenn Research Center, as the starting phase of a rocket engine design, specifically a Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engine design, we adopted the approach of using a high level system cycle analysis code (NESS) to obtain an initial analysis of the operational characteristics of a turbopump required in the propulsion system. A set of turbopump design codes (PumpDes and TurbDes) were then executed to obtain sizing and performance parameters of the turbopump that were consistent with the mission requirements. A set of turbopump analyses codes (PUMPA and TURBA) were applied to obtain the full performance map for each of the turbopump components; a two dimensional layout of the turbopump based on these mean line analyses was also generated. Adequacy of the turbopump conceptual design will later be determined by further analyses and evaluation. In this paper, descriptions and discussions of the aforementioned approach are provided and future outlooks are discussed. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBINE pumps
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - NUCLEAR rocket engines
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - Conceptual Design
KW  - Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engine
KW  - System Analysis
KW  - Turbopump
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19564507; Chen, Shu-cheng S. 1; Email Address: shu-cheng.s.chen@nasa.gov Veres, Joseph P. 2 Fittje, James E. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Compressor Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Analex Corporation, 1100 Apollo Drive, Brook Park, Ohio 44142; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p522; Subject Term: TURBINE pumps; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rocket engines; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conceptual Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: System Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbopump; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 11 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169230
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564507&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krause, David L.
AU  - Kantzos, Pete T.
T1  - Accelerated Life Structural Benchmark Testing for a Stirling Convertor Heater Head.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 630
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - For proposed long-duration NASA Space Science missions, the Department of Energy, Lockheed Martin, Infinia Corporation, and NASA Glenn Research Center are developing a high-efficiency, 110-watt Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG110). A structurally significant limit state for the SRG110 heater head component is creep deformation induced at high material temperature and low stress level. Conventional investigations of creep behavior adequately rely on experimental results from uniaxial creep specimens, and a wealth of creep data is available for the Inconel 718 material of construction. However, the specified atypical thin heater head material is fine-grained with a heat treatment that limits precipitate growth, and little creep property data for this microstructure is available in the literature. In addition, the geometry and loading conditions apply a multiaxial stress state on the component, far from the conditions of uniaxial testing. For these reasons, an extensive experimental investigation is ongoing to aid in accurately assessing the durability of the SRG110 heater head. This investigation supplements uniaxial creep testing with pneumatic testing of heater head-like pressure vessels at design temperature with stress levels ranging from approximately the design stress to several times that. This paper presents experimental results, post-test microstructural analyses, and conclusions for four higher-stress, accelerated life tests. Analysts are using these results to calibrate deterministic and probabilistic analytical creep models of the SRG110 heater head. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment
KW  - STIRLING engines
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Stirling creep deformation life techniques temperature Inconel 718 superalloy precipitate grain microscopy
KW  - LOCKHEED Martin
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Energy
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - INFINIA Corp.
N1  - Accession Number: 19564494; Krause, David L. 1; Email Address: krause@nasa.gov Kantzos, Pete T. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p623; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment; Subject Term: STIRLING engines; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling creep deformation life techniques temperature Inconel 718 superalloy precipitate grain microscopy; Company/Entity: LOCKHEED Martin DUNS Number: 834951691 Ticker: LMT Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Energy DUNS Number:  Ticker:  Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration DUNS Number:  Ticker:  Company/Entity: INFINIA Corp. DUNS Number:  Ticker: ; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169243
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564494&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DellaCorte, Christopher
AU  - Radil, Kevin C.
AU  - Bruckner, Robert J.
AU  - Bauman, Steven W.
AU  - Puleo, Bernadette J.
AU  - Howard, Samuel A.
T1  - Rotor Support Technology Developments for Long Life Closed Brayton Cycle Turbines.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 661
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Power conversion systems based upon the Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) turbine are under consideration for space power generation applications. Using this approach, inert gas, heated with a nuclear reactor or other means, is used to drive a turbine-generator in a recirculating flow path. As a closed system, contamination of the working fluid, for instance with bearing lubricating oil, cannot be tolerated. To prevent this possibility, compliant surface gas film bearings are employed that use the working fluid as their lubricant. Foil gas bearings are in widespread use in turbocompressors and microturbines in aeronatuics and terrestrial applications. To successfully implement them for space power CBC systems, research is underway at NASA’s Glenn Research Center to assess foil bearing start-up torque requirements, bearing thermal management and the effects of high ambient pressures in inert gases on performance. This paper introduces foil gas bearing rotor support technologies and provides an update on bearing performance testing and evaluations being conducted to integrate foil bearings in future CBC turbine systems. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Auxiliary power supply -- Brayton cycle
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC cycles
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Batteries
KW  - ELECTRICITY in astronautics
KW  - Brayton
KW  - foil gas bearings
KW  - Nuclear Power
KW  - turbine
N1  - Accession Number: 19564491; DellaCorte, Christopher 1; Email Address: Christopher.dellacorte@nasa.gov Radil, Kevin C. 2 Bruckner, Robert J. 3 Bauman, Steven W. 3 Puleo, Bernadette J. 3 Howard, Samuel A. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: US Army Vehicle Propulsion Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p653; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Auxiliary power supply -- Brayton cycle; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC cycles; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric equipment; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Batteries; Subject Term: ELECTRICITY in astronautics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brayton; Author-Supplied Keyword: foil gas bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear Power; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169246
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564491&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Paul K.
AU  - Hervol, David S.
T1  - Experimental Validation of a Closed Brayton Cycle System Transient Simulation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 673
EP  - 681
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Brayton Power Conversion Unit (BPCU) located at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, OH was used to validate the results of a computational code known as Closed Cycle System Simulation (CCSS). Conversion system thermal transient behavior was the focus of this validation. The BPCU was operated at various steady state points and then subjected to transient changes involving shaft rotational speed and thermal energy input. These conditions were then duplicated in CCSS. Validation of the CCSS BPCU model provides confidence in developing future Brayton power system performance predictions, and helps to guide high power Brayton technology development. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Auxiliary power supply -- Brayton cycle
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC cycles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - CLEVELAND (Ohio)
KW  - OHIO
KW  - Brayton power conversion
KW  - thermal transient modeling
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19564489; Johnson, Paul K. 1; Email Address: Paul.K.Johnson@grc.nasa.gov Hervol, David S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Systems Branch, Glenn Engineering and Scientific Support Organization, Analex Corporation, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p673; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Auxiliary power supply -- Brayton cycle; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC cycles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: CLEVELAND (Ohio); Subject Term: OHIO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brayton power conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal transient modeling; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169248
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564489&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siamidis, John
AU  - Mason, Lee
T1  - A Comparison of Coolant Options for Brayton Power Conversion Heat Rejection Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 682
EP  - 693
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper describes potential heat rejection design concepts for Brayton power conversion systems. Brayton conversion systems are currently under study by NASA for Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) and surface power applications. The Brayton Heat Rejection Subsystem (HRS) must dissipate waste heat generated by the power conversion system due to inefficiencies in the thermal-to-electric conversion process. Sodium potassium (NaK) and H2O are two coolant working fluids that have been investigated in the design of a pumped loop and heat pipe space HRS. In general NaK systems are high temperature (300 to 1000 K) low pressure systems, and H2O systems are low temperature (300 to 600 K) high pressure systems. NaK is an alkali metal with health and safety hazards that require special handling procedures. On the other hand, H2O is a common fluid, with no health hazards and no special handling procedures. This paper compares NaK and H2O for the HRS pumped loop coolant working fluid. A detailed excel analytical model, HRS_Opt, was developed to evaluate the various HRS design parameters. It is capable of analyzing NaK or H2O coolant, parallel or series flow configurations, and numerous combinations of other key parameters (heat pipe spacing, diameter and radial flux, radiator facesheet thickness, fluid duct system pressure drop, system rejected power, etc.) of the HRS. This paper compares NaK against water for the HRS coolant working fluid with respect to the relative mass, performance, design and implementation issues between the two fluids. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Auxiliary power supply -- Brayton cycle
KW  - WATER cooled reactors
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HEAT-transfer media
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors
KW  - Brayton Heat Rejection System
KW  - Brayton Power Conversion System
KW  - Heat Pipe Radiator
N1  - Accession Number: 19564488; Siamidis, John 1; Email Address: john.siamidis@grc.nasa.gov Mason, Lee 2; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Energy Conversion Branch, Analex Corporation, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH, 44135  2: Thermal Energy Conversion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH, 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p682; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Auxiliary power supply -- Brayton cycle; Subject Term: WATER cooled reactors; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HEAT-transfer media; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brayton Heat Rejection System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brayton Power Conversion System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat Pipe Radiator; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169249
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564488&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gould, Jerry E.
AU  - Ritzert, Frank J.
AU  - Loewenthal, William S.
T1  - Preliminary Investigations of Joining Technologies for Attaching Refractory Metals to Ni-Based Superalloys.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 757
EP  - 765
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In this study, a range of joining technologies has been investigated for creating attachments between refractory metal and Ni-based superalloys. Refractory materials of interest include Mo-47%Re, T-111, and Ta-10%W. The Ni-based superalloys include Hastelloy X and MarM 247. During joining with conventional processes, these materials have potential for a range of solidification and intermetallic formation-related defects. For this study, three non-conventional joining technologies were evaluated. These included inertia welding, electro-spark deposition (ESD) welding, and magnetic pulse welding (MPW). The developed inertia welding practice closely paralleled that typically used for the refractory metals alloys. Metallographic investigations showed that forging during inertia welding occurred predominantly on the refractory metal side. It was also noted that at least some degree of forging on the Ni-based superalloy side of the joint was necessary to achieve consistent bonding. Both refractory metals were readily weldable to the Hastelloy X material. When bonding to the MarM 247, results were inconsistent. This was related to the higher forging temperatures of the MarM 247, and subsequent reduced deformation on that material during welding. ESD trials using a Hastelloy X filler were successful for all material combinations. ESD places down very thin (5- to 10-μm) layers per pass, and interactions between the substrates and the fill were limited (at most) to that layer. For the refractory metals, the fill only appeared to wet the surface, with minimal dilution effects. Microstructures of the deposits showed high weld metal integrity with maximum porosity on the order of a few percent. Some limited success was also obtained with MPW. In these trials, only the T-111 tubes were used. Joints were possible for the T-111 tube to the Hastelloy X bar stock, but the stiffness of the tube (resisting collapse) necessitated the use of very high power levels. These power levels resulted in damage to the equipment (concentrator) during welding. It is of note that the joint made showed the typical wavy bond microstructure associated with magnetic pulse/explosion bond joints. Joints were not possible between the T-111 tube and the MarM 247 bar stock. In this case, the MarM 247 shattered before sufficient impact forces could be developed for bonding. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - WELDING
KW  - HEAT resistant materials
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - REFRACTORY materials
KW  - Dissimilar materials joining
KW  - electro-spark deposition
KW  - inertia welding
KW  - magnetic pulse welding
KW  - refractory metals
KW  - superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 19564480; Gould, Jerry E. 1; Email Address: jerry_gould@ewi.org Ritzert, Frank J. 2 Loewenthal, William S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Edison Welding Institute, 1250 Arthur E. Adams Drive, Columbus, OH 43221  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 49-1, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 49-1, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p757; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: WELDING; Subject Term: HEAT resistant materials; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: REFRACTORY materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissimilar materials joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: electro-spark deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: inertia welding; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic pulse welding; Author-Supplied Keyword: refractory metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238190 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 12 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169257
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abumeri, Galib H.
AU  - Roche, Joseph M.
T1  - Parametric Sizing of Composite Metal Lined Tanks for Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Propulsion Applications.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 811
EP  - 818
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A computational method is described to evaluate the structural performance of composite over-wrapped metal lined LH2 tanks. This work was performed in support of the human space exploration initiative undertaken by NASA. The method is a judicious combination of available computer codes for finite elements, composite mechanics, durability, damage tracking, and damage tolerance. To illustrate the effectiveness of the analytical approach, composite over-wrapped LH2 core tanks of the Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rocket (BNTR) were sized parametrically using launch loads and burst test requirements. The benefits and debits of inserting advanced composite technology into existing LH2 tank design concepts are evaluated in the paper. Results obtained indicate that LH2 tanks made from tape placement carbon fiber in a toughened epoxy matrix backed by a metallic liner for hermiticity are able to: (1) sustain micro-cracking in the matrix of the composite system prior to liner failure, (2) offer significant weight savings as compared to present technology (up to 31%), and (3) use unified design and weight configuration to support both launch loads and burst test requirements. The structural performance and sizing evaluation was performed for composite tanks varying in length from 10 m to 28 m. Weight calculations for the composite over-wrapped tanks show that the larger the tank length, the larger the weight savings (compared to those of traditional metallic tanks). © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - SPACE ships
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rocket
KW  - composite over-wrapped LH2 tanks
KW  - damage progression
KW  - damage tolerance
KW  - finite element
KW  - fracture
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19564474; Abumeri, Galib H. 1 Roche, Joseph M. 2; Email Address: Joseph.M.Roche@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., Cleveland, OH 44135  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p811; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: SPACE ships; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rocket; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite over-wrapped LH2 tanks; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage progression; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169263
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564474&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kosareo, Daniel N.
AU  - Roche, Joseph M.
T1  - Parametric Weight Study of Cryogenic Metallic Tanks for the “Bimodal” NTR Mars Vehicle Concept.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 819
EP  - 826
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A parametric weight assessment of large cryogenic metallic tanks was conducted using the design optimization capabilities in the ANSYS ® finite element analysis code. This analysis was performed to support the sizing of a “bimodal” nuclear thermal rocket (NTR) Mars vehicle concept developed at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The tank design study was driven by two load conditions: an in-line, “Shuttle-derived” heavy-lift launch with the tanks filled and pressurized, and a burst-test pressure. The main tank structural arrangement is a state-of-the art metallic construction which uses an aluminum-lithium alloy stiffened internally with a ring and stringer framework. The tanks must carry liquid hydrogen in separate launches to orbit where all vehicle components will dock and mate. All tank designs stayed within the available mass and payload volume limits of both the in-line heavy lift and Shuttle derived launch vehicles. Weight trends were developed over a range of tank lengths with varying stiffener cross-sections and tank wall thicknesses. The object of this parametric study was to verify that the proper mass was allocated for the tanks in the overall vehicle sizing model. This paper summarizes the tank weights over a range of tank lengths. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Cryogenic
KW  - exploration
KW  - FEA
KW  - hydrogen
KW  - liquid
KW  - Mars
KW  - metallic
KW  - NTR
KW  - optimization
KW  - sizing
KW  - space
KW  - tanks
KW  - vehicle
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19564473; Kosareo, Daniel N. 1; Email Address: Daniel.N.Kosareo@zin-tech.com Roche, Joseph M. 2; Email Address: Joseph.M.Roche@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ZIN Technologies, Inc., 2001 Aerospace Parkway MS GES-ZIN, Brook Park, OH 44142  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road MS 86 - 15, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p819; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic; Author-Supplied Keyword: exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: FEA; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: liquid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: metallic; Author-Supplied Keyword: NTR; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: sizing; Author-Supplied Keyword: space; Author-Supplied Keyword: tanks; Author-Supplied Keyword: vehicle; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169264
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564473&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCurdy, David R.
AU  - Krivanek, Thomas M.
AU  - Roche, Joseph M.
AU  - Zinolabedini, Reza
T1  - Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rocket Sizing and Trade Matrix for Lunar, Near Earth Asteroid and Mars Missions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 827
EP  - 836
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The concept of a human rated transport vehicle for various near earth missions is evaluated using a liquid hydrogen fueled Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (BNTP) approach. In an effort to determine the preliminary sizing and optimal propulsion system configuration, as well as the key operating design points, an initial investigation into the main system level parameters was conducted. This assessment considered not only the performance variables but also the more subjective reliability, operability, and maintainability attributes. The SIZER preliminary sizing tool was used to facilitate rapid modeling of the trade studies, which included tank materials, propulsive versus an aero-capture trajectory, use of artificial gravity, reactor chamber operating pressure and temperature, fuel element scaling, engine thrust rating, engine thrust augmentation by adding oxygen to the flow in the nozzle for supersonic combustion, and the baseline turbopump configuration to address mission redundancy and safety requirements. A high level system perspective was maintained to avoid focusing solely on individual component optimization at the expense of system level performance, operability, and development cost. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - NEAR-earth asteroids -- Exploration
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - NEAR-earth asteroids
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - NUCLEAR aircraft
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Bimodal
KW  - Nuclear Thermal Propulsion
KW  - sizing
N1  - Accession Number: 19564472; McCurdy, David R. 1; Email Address: david.mccurdy@grc.nasa.gov Krivanek, Thomas M. 2 Roche, Joseph M. 3 Zinolabedini, Reza 1; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., 21000 Brookpark Rd/MS GES-QSS, Cleveland, OH, 44135  2: Engine Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd/MS 86-15, Cleveland, OH, 44135  3: Systems Engineering Services & Advanced Concepts Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd/MS 86-15, Cleveland, OH, 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p827; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: NEAR-earth asteroids -- Exploration; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: NEAR-earth asteroids; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: NUCLEAR aircraft; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bimodal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear Thermal Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: sizing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169265
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564472&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Myers, David E.
AU  - Kosareo, Daniel N.
T1  - Structural Analyses of the Support Trusses for the Nuclear Thermal Rocket Engines and Drop Tanks.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 837
EP  - 846
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Finite element structural analyses were performed on the support trusses of the Nuclear Thermal Rocket (NTR) engines and drop tanks to verify that the proper amount of mass was allocated for these components in the vehicle sizing model. The verification included a static stress analysis, a modal analysis, and a buckling analysis using the MSC/NASTRAN™ structural analysis software package. In addition, a crippling stress analysis was performed on the truss beams using a handbook equation. Two truss configurations were examined as possible candidates for the drop tanks truss while a baseline was examined for the engine support thrust structure. For the drop tanks trusses, results showed that both truss configurations produced similar results although one performed slightly better in buckling. In addition, it was shown that the mass allocated in the vehicle sizing model was adequate although the engine thrust structure may need to be modified slightly to increase its lateral natural frequency above the minimum requirement of 8 Hz that is specified in the Delta IV Payload Planners Guide. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRUSSES
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - NUCLEAR aircraft
KW  - buckling
KW  - NTR
KW  - Nuclear Thermal Rocket
KW  - structural analysis
KW  - structures
N1  - Accession Number: 19564471; Myers, David E. 1; Email Address: david.e.myers@grc.nasa.gov Kosareo, Daniel N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Applied Structural Mechanics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road MS 86 - 10, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA  2: ZIN Technologies Incorporated, 2001 Aerospace Pkwy MS GES-ZIN, Brook Park, OH, 44142, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p837; Subject Term: TRUSSES; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: NUCLEAR aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: NTR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear Thermal Rocket; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: structures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238130 Framing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 321214 Truss Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 11 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169266
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564471&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bulman, M. J.
AU  - Poth, Greg
AU  - Borowski, Stan
T1  - LANTR Engine Optimization for Lunar Missions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 847
EP  - 857
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Propulsion requirements for sustainable Lunar missions are very demanding. The high Delta V for short transit times and/or reusable vehicles are best served with the High Isp of Nuclear Propulsion. High thrust is needed to reduce gravity losses during earth departure. The LOX-Augmented Nuclear Thermal Rocket (LANTR) is a concept whereby thrust from a nuclear thermal rocket can be doubled, or even quadrupled, by the injection and combustion of gaseous oxygen downstream of the throat. This has many advantages for the mission including a reduction in the size of the reactor(s) and propellant tank volume for a given payload delivered to Low Lunar Orbit. In this paper, we conduct mission studies to define the optimum basic (Unaugmented) engine thrust, Lox augmentation level and Lox loading for minimum initial mass in low earth orbit. 35% mass savings are seen for NTR powered LTVs with over twice the propellant Volume. The LANTR powered LTV has a similar mass savings with minimal volume penalties. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - NUCLEAR aircraft
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - Lunar Missions
KW  - Nuclear Propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 19564470; Bulman, M. J. 1; Email Address: mel.bulman@Aerojet.com Poth, Greg 1 Borowski, Stan 2; Affiliation:  1: Aerojet PO Box 13222, Sacramento, CA 95813-6000  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, MS 5-11, Brook Park, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p847; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: NUCLEAR aircraft; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear Propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169267
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564470&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stewart, Mark E. M.
AU  - Krivanek, Thomas M.
AU  - Hemminger, Joseph A.
AU  - Bulman, M. J.
T1  - 3D Reacting Flow Analysis of LANTR Nozzles.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 858
EP  - 869
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents performance predictions for LANTR nozzles and the system implications for their use in a manned Mars mission. The LANTR concept is rocket thrust augmentation by injecting Oxygen into the nozzle to combust the Hydrogen exhaust of a Nuclear Thermal Rocket. The performance predictions are based on three-dimensional reacting flow simulations using VULCAN. These simulations explore a range of O2/H2 mixture ratios, injector configurations, and concepts. These performance predictions are used for a trade analysis within a system study for a manned Mars mission. Results indicate that the greatest benefit of LANTR will occur with In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU). However, Hydrogen propellant volume reductions may allow greater margins for fitting tanks within the launch vehicle where packaging issues occur. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Nozzles
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - NUCLEAR rockets
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - Nuclear Propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 19564469; Stewart, Mark E. M. 1; Email Address: Mark.E.Stewart@grc.nasa.gov Krivanek, Thomas M. 2 Hemminger, Joseph A. 2 Bulman, M. J. 3; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc. at NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, MS 142-4, Brook Park, OH 44135  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, MS 5-11, Brook Park, OH 44135  3: Aerojet, Sacramento, CA 95813; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p858; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Nozzles; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: NUCLEAR rockets; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear Propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169268
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564469&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dorsey, John T.
AU  - Collins, Timothy J.
AU  - Moe, Rud V.
AU  - Doggett, William R.
T1  - Framework for Defining and Assessing Benefits of a Modular Assembly Design Approach for Exploration Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 969
EP  - 981
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A comprehensive modular assembly system model has been proposed that extends the art from modular hardware, to include in-space assembly, servicing and repair and it’s critical components of infrastructure, agents and assembly operations. Benefits of modular assembly have been identified and a set of metrics defined that extends the art beyond the traditional measures of performance, with emphasis on criteria that allow life-cycle mission costs to be used as a figure of merit (and include all substantive terms that have an impact on the evaluation). The modular assembly approach was used as a basis for developing a Solar Electric Transfer Vehicle (SETV) concept and three modular assembly scenarios were developed. The modular assembly approach also allows the SETV to be entered into service much earlier than competing conventional configurations and results in a great deal of versatility in accommodating different launch vehicle payload capabilities, allowing for modules to be pre-assembled before launch or assembled on orbit, without changing the space vehicle design. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODULAR construction
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - ROCKETRY
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - evaluation criteria
KW  - in-space assembly
KW  - interfaces
KW  - metrics
KW  - Modular assembly
KW  - repair
KW  - servicing
N1  - Accession Number: 19564459; Dorsey, John T. 1; Email Address: john.t.dorsey@nasa.gov Collins, Timothy J. 2 Moe, Rud V. 3 Doggett, William R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Metals and Thermal Structures Branch, MS 396, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, 23681  2: Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, MS 190, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, 23681  3: Hubble Space Telescope Development Proj., Code 442, NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt MD, 20771  4: Dynamic Systems and Controls Branch, MS 308, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p969; Subject Term: MODULAR construction; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: ROCKETRY; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: evaluation criteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: in-space assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: metrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modular assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: repair; Author-Supplied Keyword: servicing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332311 Prefabricated Metal Building and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 321991 Manufactured Home (Mobile Home) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169278
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564459&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diftler, Myron A.
AU  - Doggett, William R.
AU  - Mehling, Joshua S.
AU  - King, Bruce D.
T1  - Reconfiguration of EVA Modular Truss Assemblies using an Anthropomorphic Robot.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 992
EP  - 999
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - NASA relies heavily on astronauts to perform Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVA) as part of space construction and maintenance operations. Astronauts provide an unmatched capability and flexibility. In the future, this capability will be in even greater demand as space platforms become more modular making on-orbit servicing, repair and reconfiguration routine. To assist crew, NASA is developing Robonaut, an anthropomorphic robot with human sized arms and hands that can work with many of the same interfaces designed for the space suited astronaut. Recently Robonaut has been used to investigate techniques for automated assembly, disassembly, and repair of space platforms. The current work focuses on techniques to reconfigure a modular truss system representative of the tasks necessary to convert a space solar power tug to a lunar orbiting solar power station in support of lunar exploration missions. An overview of these activities is given, detailing the assembly sequence and the infrastructure used by Robonaut to perform the reconfiguration operations. Advances in Robonaut’s capabilities are described and include: a grip surface augmentation to Robonaut’s gloves that provides a close approximation to the latest astronaut gloves, ensuring a secure grasp during truss coupler manipulation, and a shared control strategy that divides the Cartesian control of Robonaut’s hands between the teleoperator and the robot’s on-board controller to minimize human workload during constrained tasks. To support truss reconfiguration experiments, infrastructure is required to stabilize and register the structure during reconfiguration. Details on the design and operation of the infrastructure, a small fixture, are given. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight)
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL bases
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - assembly
KW  - dexterous robot
KW  - infrastructure
KW  - modularity
KW  - shared control
KW  - space construction
N1  - Accession Number: 19564457; Diftler, Myron A. 1; Email Address: myron.a.diftler@nasa.gov Doggett, William R. 2 Mehling, Joshua S. 1 King, Bruce D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Automation, Robotics and Simulation Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, 77058  2: Dynamics Systems and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Virginia, 23681  3: Lockheed Martin, Hampton Virginia, 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p992; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight); Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL bases; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: dexterous robot; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrastructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: modularity; Author-Supplied Keyword: shared control; Author-Supplied Keyword: space construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 12 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169280
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564457&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mikulas, Martin M.
AU  - Collins, Timothy J.
AU  - Doggett, William
AU  - Dorsey, John
AU  - Watson, Judith
T1  - Truss Performance and Packaging Metrics.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1000
EP  - 1009
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In the present paper a set of performance metrics are derived from first principals to assess the efficiency of competing space truss structural concepts in terms of mass, stiffness, and strength, for designs that are constrained by packaging. The use of these performance metrics provides unique insight into the primary drivers for lowering structural mass and packaging volume as well as enabling quantitative concept performance evaluation and comparison. To demonstrate the use of these performance metrics, data for existing structural concepts are plotted and discussed. Structural performance data is presented for various mechanical deployable concepts, for erectable structures, and for rigidizable structures. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRUSSES
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames
KW  - SPACE frame structures
KW  - LARGE space structures (Astronautics)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - deployable
KW  - efficiency
KW  - erectable
KW  - in-space fabrication
KW  - inflatable
KW  - metrics
KW  - modular
KW  - packaging
KW  - structures
KW  - Truss
N1  - Accession Number: 19564456; Mikulas, Martin M. 1; Email Address: Mikulasmmm@aol.com Collins, Timothy J. 2 Doggett, William 2 Dorsey, John 2 Watson, Judith 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA  2: NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p1000; Subject Term: TRUSSES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames; Subject Term: SPACE frame structures; Subject Term: LARGE space structures (Astronautics); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: deployable; Author-Supplied Keyword: efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: erectable; Author-Supplied Keyword: in-space fabrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: inflatable; Author-Supplied Keyword: metrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: modular; Author-Supplied Keyword: packaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Truss; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238130 Framing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 321214 Truss Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169281
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564456&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khan, Z.
AU  - Vranis, A.
AU  - Zavoico, A.
AU  - Freid, S.
AU  - Manners, B.
T1  - Power System Concepts for the Lunar Outpost: A Review of the Power Generation, Energy Storage, Power Management and Distribution (PMAD) System Requirements and Potential Technologies for Development of the Lunar Outpost.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1083
EP  - 1092
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper will review potential power system concepts for the development of the lunar outpost including power generation, energy storage and power management and distribution (PMAD). In particular, the requirements of the initial robotic missions will be discussed and the technologies considered will include cryogenics and regenerative fuel cells (RFC), AC and DC transmission line technology, high voltage and low voltage power transmission, conductor materials of construction and power beaming concepts for transmitting power to difficult to access locations such as at the bottom of craters. Operating conditions, component characteristics, reliability, maintainability, constructability, system safety, technology gaps / risk and adaptability for future lunar missions will be discussed for the technologies considered. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - POWER (Mechanics)
KW  - ELECTRIC power distribution
KW  - ELECTRIC power systems
KW  - FUEL cells
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - Lunar Base
KW  - Photovoltaic
KW  - Power Systems
N1  - Accession Number: 19564448; Khan, Z. 1; Email Address: zakhan@bechtel.com Vranis, A. 2 Zavoico, A. 2 Freid, S. 3 Manners, B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Bechtel Power, 5275 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703  2: Bechtel National, 5275 Westview Drive, Frederick, MD 21703  3: Bechtel Nevada, P.O. Box 98521, Las Vegas, NV 89193  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p1083; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: POWER (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems; Subject Term: FUEL cells; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Base; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169289
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19564448&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Sacksteder, Kurt R.
T1  - A Vibrofluidized Reactor for Resource Extraction from Lunar Regolith.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1101
EP  - 1110
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The extraction of oxygen and water from the lunar regolith for use as propulsion and life support consumables is an essential feature of any extended-duration missions on the Moon and in preparations for Mars. Most methods for extracting these resources involve heating lunar regolith to significant temperatures under the constraint of a limited power supply. This paper will discuss an innovative method for uniformly heating regolith using a vibrofluidized reactor. Various flow regimes encountered during vibrofluidization and preliminary heat transfer results using a standard Lunar regolith simulant, JSC-1, are presented for a range of acceleration levels and vibration frequencies. The results show that regolith compaction, segregation, or convective mixing can be accomplished depending on the acceleration levels chosen. Granular convection is shown to produce uniform temperature within the heated vibrofluidized reactor. Scaling laws that link performance in normal Earth gravity and Lunar gravity is also discussed. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUIDIZED reactors
KW  - FLUIDIZATION
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - LUNAR geology
KW  - ASTROGEOLOGY
KW  - Granular flow
KW  - ISRU
KW  - Lunar Regolith
KW  - Vibrofluidized Reactor
N1  - Accession Number: 19564446; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov Sacksteder, Kurt R. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p1101; Subject Term: FLUIDIZED reactors; Subject Term: FLUIDIZATION; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: LUNAR geology; Subject Term: ASTROGEOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Granular flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrofluidized Reactor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169291
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forget, F.
AU  - Haberle, R.M.
AU  - Montmessin, F.
AU  - Levrard, B.
AU  - Head, J.W.
T1  - Formation of Glaciers on Mars by Atmospheric Precipitation at High Obliquity.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/01/20/
VL  - 311
IS  - 5759
M3  - Article
SP  - 368
EP  - 371
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Surface conditions on Mars are currently cold and dry, with water ice unstable on the surface except near the poles. However, geologically recent gladerlike landforms have been identified in the tropics and the midlatitudes of Mars. The ice has been proposed to originate from either a subsurface reservoir or the atmosphere. We present high-resolution climate simulations performed with a model designed to simulate the present-day Mars water cycle but assuming a 45° obliquity as experienced by Mars a few million years ago. The model predicts ice accumulation in regions where glacier landforms are observed, on the western flanks of the great volcanoes and in the eastern Hellas region. This agreement points to an atmospheric origin for the ice and reveals how precipitation could have formed glaciers on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - GLACIERS
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - BODIES of water
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - GLACIOLOGY
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - ICE fields
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 19603417; Forget, F. 1; Email Address: forget@lmd.jussieu.fr Haberle, R.M. 2 Montmessin, F. 3 Levrard, B. 4 Head, J.W. 5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Paris 6 Boite Postale 99, 75252 Paris codex 05, France.  2: Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Service D'Aéronomie, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Paris 6 Box Postale 102, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France.  4: Astronomie et Systèmes Dynamiques, Institut de Mécanique Céleste, 77 Avenue Denfert Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France.  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.; Source Info: 1/20/2006, Vol. 311 Issue 5759, p368; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: GLACIERS; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: BODIES of water; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: GLACIOLOGY; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: ICE fields; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2945
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LeGrande, A. N.
AU  - Schmidt, G. A.
AU  - Shindell, D. T.
AU  - Field, C. V.
AU  - Miller, R. L.
AU  - Koch, D. M.
AU  - Faluvegi, G.
AU  - Hoffmann, G.
T1  - Consistent simulations of multiple proxy responses to an abrupt climate change event.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2006/01/24/
VL  - 103
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 837
EP  - 842
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Isotope, aerosol, and methane records document an abrupt cooling event across the Northern Hemisphere at 8.2 kiloyears before present (kyr), while separate geologic lines of evidence document the catastrophic drainage of the glacial Lakes Agassiz and Ojibway into the Hudson Bay at approximately the same time. This melt water pulse may have been the catalyst for a decrease in North Atlantic Deep Water formation and subsequent cooling around the Northern Hemisphere. However, lack of direct evidence for ocean cooling has lead to speculation that this abrupt event was purely local to Greenland and called into question this proposed mechanism. We simulate the response to this melt water pulse using a coupled general circulation model that explicitly tracks water isotopes and with atmosphere-only experiments that calculate changes in atmospheric aerosol deposition (specifically 10Be and dust) and wetland methane emissions. The simulations produce a short period of significantly diminished North Atlantic Deep Water and are able to quantitatively match paleoclimate observations, including the lack of isotopic signal in the North Atlantic. This direct comparison with multiple proxy records provides compelling evidence that changes in ocean circulation played a major role in this abrupt climate change event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - BIOGAS
KW  - GLACIAL lakes
KW  - North Atlantic Deep Water
KW  - paleoclimate
N1  - Accession Number: 20082411; LeGrande, A. N. 1; Email Address: legrande@giss.nasa.gov Schmidt, G. A. 1 Shindell, D. T. 1 Field, C. V. 1 Miller, R. L. 1 Koch, D. M. 1 Faluvegi, G. 1 Hoffmann, G. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025  2: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et l'Environnement/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Orme des Merisiers, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; Source Info: 1/24/2006, Vol. 103 Issue 4, p837; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: BIOGAS; Subject Term: GLACIAL lakes; Author-Supplied Keyword: North Atlantic Deep Water; Author-Supplied Keyword: paleoclimate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0510095103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iihan, Faysal
AU  - Tyson, Daniel S.
AU  - Stasko, Daniel J.
AU  - Kirschbaum, Kristin
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
T1  - Twisted, Z-Shaped Perylene Bisimide.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2006/01/25/
VL  - 128
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 702
EP  - 703
SN  - 00027863
AB  - The article cites the research on the twisted, Z-shaped perylene bisimide. This inorganic compound have found to be useful in a wide range of applications, such as electron-transfer systems, liquid crystals and other supramolecular assemblies, photovoltaics, and fluorescent sensors. The perylene bisimide differs from conventional linear systems in both the position and size of the imide rings.
KW  - PERYLENE
KW  - BENZANTHRACENES
KW  - INORGANIC compounds
KW  - CHARGE exchange
KW  - CHARGE transfer
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - LIQUID crystals
KW  - IMIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 20217789; Iihan, Faysal 1,2 Tyson, Daniel S. 1,2 Stasko, Daniel J. 3 Kirschbaum, Kristin 4 Meador, Michael A. 1; Email Address: Michael.AMeador@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center  2: Ohio Aerospace lnstitute  3: University of Southern Maine, Lewiston Ausburn College  4: University of Toledo; Source Info: 1/25/2006, Vol. 128 Issue 3, p702; Subject Term: PERYLENE; Subject Term: BENZANTHRACENES; Subject Term: INORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Subject Term: CHARGE transfer; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: LIQUID crystals; Subject Term: IMIDES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conway, Greg
AU  - Torrejón, Marcela
AU  - Lin, Shuo
AU  - Reinsch, Sigrid
T1  - Fluorescent tagged analysis of neural gene function using mosaics in zebrafish and Xenopus laevis
JO  - Brain Research
JF  - Brain Research
Y1  - 2006/01/27/
VL  - 1070
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 150
EP  - 159
SN  - 00068993
AB  - Abstract: An important question in the neurosciences is the role of specific gene expression in the control of neural morphology and connectivity. To address this question, methods are needed for expression of exogenous genes in a subset of neurons. This limited and mosaic expression allows the assessment of gene expression in a cell autonomous fashion without environmental contributions from neighboring expressing cells. These methods must also label neurons so that detailed morphology and neural connections can be evaluated. The labeling method should label only a subset of neurons so that neuronal morphology can be viewed upon a non-stained background, in a Golgi staining fashion. Here, we report methods using plasmids called pTAGUM (tagged analysis of genes using mosaics) that accomplish these goals. These methods should prove useful for the analysis of neural gene function in two important model organisms, the zebrafish and Xenopus laevis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Brain Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - ANIMAL morphology
KW  - NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - ZEBRA danio
KW  - XENOPUS laevis
KW  - GENETIC research
KW  - NEURONS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EGFP
KW  - Mosaic expression
KW  - Neuron
KW  - TAGUM
KW  - Transgenic
N1  - Accession Number: 19771179; Conway, Greg 1; Email Address: gconway@mail.arc.nasa.gov Torrejón, Marcela 1 Lin, Shuo 2 Reinsch, Sigrid 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Source Info: Jan2006, Vol. 1070 Issue 1, p150; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: ANIMAL morphology; Subject Term: NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: ZEBRA danio; Subject Term: XENOPUS laevis; Subject Term: GENETIC research; Subject Term: NEURONS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: EGFP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mosaic expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neuron; Author-Supplied Keyword: TAGUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transgenic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.11.079
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beutner, Thomas
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher
T1  - Introduction: Computational Fluid Dynamics Validation for Synthetic Jets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 193
EP  - 193
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses the fluid dynamics validations computation for synthetic jets. It has been said that systematic jets are important for aerodynamicists. Test cases were presented which created both experimental measurements and computational simulations of the flowfields. The practical applications of the technology have been demonstrated in laboratory experiments.
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - MEASUREMENT-model comparison
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 20352072; Beutner, Thomas Rumsey, Christopher 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p193; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT-model comparison; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
AU  - Gatski, T. B.
AU  - Sellers III, W. L.
AU  - Vatsa, V. N.
AU  - Viken, S. A.
T1  - Summary of the 2004 Computational Fluid Dynamics Validation Workshop on Synthetic Jets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 194
EP  - 207
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) validation workshop for synthetic jets and turbulent separation control (CFDVAL2004) was held in Williamsburg, Virginia, in March 2004. Three cases were investigated: a synthetic jet into quiescent air, a synthetic jet into a turbulent boundary-layer crossflow, and the flow over a hump model with no-flow-control, steady suction, and oscillatory control. This is a summary of the CFD results from the workshop. Although some detailed results are shown, the CFD state of the art for predicting these types of flows is mostly evaluated from a general point of view. Overall, for synthetic jets, CFD can only qualitatively predict the flow physics, but there is some uncertainty regarding how to best model the unsteady boundary conditions from the experiment consistently. As a result, there is wide variation among CFD results. For the hump flow, CFD is capable of predicting many of the particulars of this flow, provided that it accounts for tunnel blockage, but it consistently overpredicts the length of the separated region compared to the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - FORUMS (Discussion & debate)
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - GEOMETRODYNAMICS
KW  - WILLIAMSBURG (Va.)
KW  - VIRGINIA
N1  - Accession Number: 20352073; Rumsey, C. L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@larc.nasa.gov Gatski, T. B. 1; Email Address: t.b.gatski@larc.nasa.gov Sellers III, W. L. 2; Email Address: w.l.sellers@larc.nasa.gov Vatsa, V. N. 1; Email Address: v.n.vatsa@larc.nasa.gov Viken, S. A. 3; Email Address: s.a.viken@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Mail Stop 128, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Branch Head, Mail Stop 170, Flow Physics and Control Branch,  NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  3: Technical Assistant of Systems Technology Development, Mail Stop 916, ASPO-Small Aircraft Transportation Systems, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p194; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: FORUMS (Discussion & debate); Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: GEOMETRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: WILLIAMSBURG (Va.); Subject Term: VIRGINIA; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 28 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamaleev, N. K.
AU  - Carpenter, M. H.
T1  - Quasi-One-Dimensional Model for Realistic Three-Dimensional Synthetic Jet Actuators.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 208
EP  - 216
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A systematic methodology for approximating realistic three-dimensional synthetic jet actuators by using a reduced-order model based on the time-dependent compressible quasi-one-dimensional Euler equations is presented. The following major questions are addressed: 1) which three-dimensional actuator geometries are amenable to the quasi-one-dimensional approximation; 2) which three-dimensional actuator parameters should be retained in the quasi-one-dimensional model; 3) which actuator flow regions are essentially multidimensional and are not candidates for reduced-order modeling; and 4) which geometrical features practically do not contribute to the fidelity of the actuator solution. Constraints that should be imposed on the actuator geometry and the flow parameters are discussed. The accuracy of the quasi-one-dimensional model is validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data and full time-dependent Navier-Stokes simulation of the same realistic actuator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - EULER angles
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - GEOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 20352074; Yamaleev, N. K. 1; Email Address: nkyamale@ncat.edu Carpenter, M. H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, North Carolina 27411  2: Senior Research Scientist, Mail Stop 128, Computational Aeroscience Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p208; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: EULER angles; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vatsa, Veer N.
AU  - Turkel, Eli
T1  - Simulation of Synthetic Jets Using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier­.Stokes Equations.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 224
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver is applied for the simulation of a synthetic (zero net mass flow) jet created by a single diaphragm piezoelectric actuator in quiescent air. This configuration was designated as case I for the Computational Fluid Dynamics Validation 2004 (CFDVAL2004) workshop held at Williamsburg, Virginia, in March 2004. Time-averaged and instantaneous (phase-averaged) data for this case were obtained at NASA Langley Research Center, using multiple measurement techniques. Computational results from two-dimensional simulations with one-equation Spalart-Allmaras and two-equation Menter's turbulence models are presented along with the experimental data. The effect of grid refinement, preconditioning, and time-step variation are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - WILLIAMSBURG (Va.)
KW  - VIRGINIA
N1  - Accession Number: 20352075; Vatsa, Veer N. 1 Turkel, Eli 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Professor, Department of Mathematics, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel  3: Visiting Scientist, NIA, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p217; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: WILLIAMSBURG (Va.); Subject Term: VIRGINIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hixon, R.
AU  - Golubev, V.
AU  - Mankbadi, R. R.
AU  - Scott, J. R.
AU  - Sawyer, S.
AU  - Nallasamy, M.
T1  - Application of a Nonlinear Computational Aeroacoustics Code to the Gust-Airfoil Problem.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 328
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A time-domain solution of the gust-airfoil problem is obtained using a high-accuracy computational aeroacoustics code to solve the nonlinear Euler equations. For computational efficiency, the equations are cast in chain-rule curvilinear form, and a structured multiblock solver is used on a distributed-memory parallel computer cluster. To fully investigate the performance of this solver, a test matrix of benchmark problems is computed (two airfoil geometries and four gust-reduced frequencies). These results are compared to benchmark solutions both on the airfoil surface and in the flow domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIME-domain analysis
KW  - EULER angles
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 20352086; Hixon, R. 1 Golubev, V. 2 Mankbadi, R. R. 3 Scott, J. R. 4 Sawyer, S. 5 Nallasamy, M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Assistant Professor, Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606  2: Associate Professor, Aerospace Engineering Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida 32114  3: Dean, College of Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida 32114  4: Senior Research Scientist, Acoustics Branch, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  5: Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325  6: Senior Research Engineer, QSS Group, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p323; Subject Term: TIME-domain analysis; Subject Term: EULER angles; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stewart, Julian M.
AU  - Medow, Marvin S.
AU  - Glover, June L.
AU  - Montgomery, Leslie D.
T1  - Persistent splanchnic hyperemia during upright tilt in postural tachycardia syndrome.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - H665
EP  - H673
SN  - 03636135
AB  - Previous investigations have allowed for stratification of patients with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) on the basis of peripheral blood flow. One such subset, comprising ‘normal-flow POTS’ patients, is characterized by normal peripheral resistance and blood volume in the supine position but thoracic hypovolemia and splanchnic blood pooling in the upright position. We studied 32 consecutive 14- to 22-yr-old POTS patients comprising 13 with low-flow POTS, 14 with normal-flow POTS, and 5 with high-flow POTS and 12 comparably aged healthy volunteers. We measured changes in impedance plethysmographic (IPG) indexes of blood volume and blood flow within thoracic, splanchnic, pelvic (upper leg), and lower leg regional circulations in the supine posture and during incremental tilt to 20°, 35°, and 70°. We validated IPG measures of thoracic and splanchnic blood flow against indocyanine green dye-dilution measurements. We validated IPG leg blood flow against venous occlusion plethysmography. Control subjects developed progressive vasoconstriction with incremental tilt. Splanchnic blood flow was increased in the supine position in normal-flow POTS, despite marked peripheral vasoconstriction, and did not change during incremental tilt, producing progressive splanchnic hypervolemia. Absolute hypovolemia was present in low-flow POTS, all supine flows and volumes were reduced, there was no vasoconstriction with tilt in all segments, and segmental volumes tended to increase uniformly throughout tilt. Lower body (pelvic and leg) flows were increased in high-flow POTS at all angles, with consequent lower body hypervolemia during tilt. Our main finding is selective and maintained orthostatic splanchnic vasodilation in normal-flow POTS, despite marked peripheral vasoconstriction in these same patients. Local splanchnic vasoregulatory factors may counteract vasoconstriction and venoconstriction in these patients. Lower body vasoconstriction in high-flow POTS was abnormal, and vasoconstriction in low-flow POTS was sustained at initially elevated supine levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TACHYCARDIA
KW  - ARRHYTHMIA
KW  - BLOOD flow
KW  - BLOOD circulation
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR system
KW  - SUPINE position
KW  - autonomic
KW  - blood volume
KW  - orthostatic intolerance
KW  - vasoconstriction
N1  - Accession Number: 19760727; Stewart, Julian M. 1,2; Email Address: stewart@nymc.edu Medow, Marvin S. 1,2 Glover, June L. 1 Montgomery, Leslie D. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Pediatrics, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York  2: Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 59 Issue 2, pH665; Subject Term: TACHYCARDIA; Subject Term: ARRHYTHMIA; Subject Term: BLOOD flow; Subject Term: BLOOD circulation; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR system; Subject Term: SUPINE position; Author-Supplied Keyword: autonomic; Author-Supplied Keyword: blood volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: orthostatic intolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: vasoconstriction; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajpheart00784.2005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19760727&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clancey, William J.
T1  - How anchors allow reusing categories in neural composition of sentences.
JO  - Behavioral & Brain Sciences
JF  - Behavioral & Brain Sciences
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 74
SN  - 0140525X
AB  - van der Velde's &de Kamps's neural blackboard architecture is similar to "activation trace diagrams" (Clancey 1999), which represent how categories are temporally related as neural activations in parallel-hierarchical compositions. Examination of other comprehension examples suggests that a given syntactic categorization (structure assembly) can be incorporated in different ways within an open composition by different kinds of anchoring relations (delay assemblies). Anchors are categorizations, too, so they cannot be reused until their containing construction is completed (bindings are resolved). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Behavioral & Brain Sciences is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEURAL networks (Neurobiology)
KW  - NEUROSCIENCES
KW  - NEURAL circuitry
KW  - GRAPHIC methods
KW  - COMPREHENSION
KW  - COGNITION
N1  - Accession Number: 20250733; Clancey, William J. 1; Email Address: William.J.Clancey@NASA.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035.; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p73; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Neurobiology); Subject Term: NEUROSCIENCES; Subject Term: NEURAL circuitry; Subject Term: GRAPHIC methods; Subject Term: COMPREHENSION; Subject Term: COGNITION; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kommu, Sashi S.
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
AU  - Wahnasa, Robert W.
T1  - Real-time multiple microsensor tissue recognition and its potential application in the management of prostate cancer.
JO  - BJU International
JF  - BJU International
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 97
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 222
EP  - 223
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14644096
AB  - The article discusses the use of real-time multiple microsensor tissue recognition (MMTR) and the sensor's potential application in managing prostate cancer. The discussion includes the mechanism and clinical application of real-time MMTR technology and the current limitation in the management of prostate cancer.
KW  - REAL-time control
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - PROSTATE
KW  - CANCER -- Diagnosis
KW  - MEDICAL technology
KW  - MEDICAL innovations
KW  - cancer
KW  - microsensor
KW  - prostate
KW  - real-time
KW  - solid
KW  - tissue
N1  - Accession Number: 19427715; Kommu, Sashi S. 1; Email Address: sashurol@gmail.com Andrews, Russell J. 1 Wahnasa, Robert W. 1; Affiliation:  1: *NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 97 Issue 2, p222; Subject Term: REAL-time control; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: PROSTATE; Subject Term: CANCER -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: MEDICAL technology; Subject Term: MEDICAL innovations; Author-Supplied Keyword: cancer; Author-Supplied Keyword: microsensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: prostate; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time; Author-Supplied Keyword: solid; Author-Supplied Keyword: tissue; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.05879.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuxart, J.
AU  - Holtslag, A. A. M.
AU  - Beare, R. J.
AU  - Bazile, E.
AU  - Beljaars, A.
AU  - Cheng, A.
AU  - Conangla, L.
AU  - Ek, M.
AU  - Freedman, F.
AU  - Hamdi, R.
AU  - Kerstein, A.
AU  - Kitagawa, H.
AU  - Lenderink, G.
AU  - Lewellen, D.
AU  - Mailhot, J.
AU  - Mauritsen, T.
AU  - Perov, V.
AU  - Schayes, G.
AU  - Steeneveld, G.-J.
AU  - Svensson, G.
T1  - Single-Column Model Intercomparison for a Stably Stratified Atmospheric Boundary Layer.
JO  - Boundary-Layer Meteorology
JF  - Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 118
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 303
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00068314
AB  - The parameterization of the stably stratified atmospheric boundary layer is a difficult issue, having a significant impact on medium-range weather forecasts and climate integrations. To pursue this further, a moderately stratified Arctic case is simulated by nineteen single-column turbulence schemes. Statistics from a large-eddy simulation intercomparison made for the same case by eleven different models are used as a guiding reference. The single-column parameterizations include research and operational schemes from major forecast and climate research centres. Results from first-order schemes, a large number of turbulence kinetic energy closures, and other models were used. There is a large spread in the results; in general, the operational schemes mix over a deeper layer than the research schemes, and the turbulence kinetic energy and other higher-order closures give results closer to the statistics obtained from the large-eddy simulations. The sensitivities of the schemes to the parameters of their turbulence closures are partially explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Boundary-Layer Meteorology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - GABLS
KW  - Intercomparison
KW  - Mixing coefficients
KW  - Single-column models
KW  - Stably stratified flows
KW  - Turbulence parameterizations
N1  - Accession Number: 21359078; Cuxart, J. 1; Email Address: joan.cuxart@uib.es Holtslag, A. A. M. 2 Beare, R. J. 3 Bazile, E. 4 Beljaars, A. 5 Cheng, A. 6 Conangla, L. 7 Ek, M. 8 Freedman, F. 8 Hamdi, R. 9 Kerstein, A. 10 Kitagawa, H. 11 Lenderink, G. 12 Lewellen, D. 13 Mailhot, J. 14 Mauritsen, T. 15 Perov, V. 16 Schayes, G. 9 Steeneveld, G.-J. 2 Svensson, G. 15; Affiliation:  1: Univ. de les Illes Balears, Dpt. Física, Palma de Mallorca, Spain  2: Meteorology and Air Quality Section, Wageningen University, The Netherlands  3: Met Office, U.K.  4: Météo-France, Toulouse, France  5: European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecast, Reading, U.K.  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, U.S.A.  7: Univ. Politècnica de Catalunya, Dpt. Física Aplicada, Manresa, Spain  8: NOAA-NCEP, Camp Springs, MD, U.S.A  9: Universit&#x00E Catholique de Louvain, IAG G. Lemaître, Louvain la neuve, Belgium  10: Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, U.S.A.  11: Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan  12: KNMI, Royal Netherlands Met. Institute, de Bilt, The Netherlands  13: West Virginia University, WV, U.S.A.  14: Meteorological Service of Canada, Dorval, Quebec, Canada  15: Stockholm University, Dpt. Meteorology, Stockholm, Sweden  16: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrkoping, Sweden; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 118 Issue 2, p273; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: GABLS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixing coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-column models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stably stratified flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence parameterizations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10546-005-3780-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chato, David J.
T1  - The role of flight experiments in the development of cryogenic fluid management technologies
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 88
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: This paper reviews the history of cryogenic fluid management technology development and infusion into both the Saturn and Centaur vehicles. Ground testing and analysis proved inadequate to demonstrate full scale performance. As a consequence flight demonstration with full scale vehicle was required by both the Saturn and Centaur programs to build confidence that problems were addressed. However; the flight vehicles were highly limited on flight instrumentation and the flight demonstration “locked-in” the design without challenging the function of design elements. Projects reviewed include: the Aerobee Sounding Rocket Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM) tests which served as a valuable stepping stone to flight demonstration and built confidence in the ability to handle hydrogen in low gravity; the Saturn IVB Fluid Management Qualification flight test; the Atlas Centaur demonstration flights to develop two burn capability; and finally the Titan Centaur two post mission flight tests. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - SPACE fluid dynamics
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - Flight experiments
KW  - Fluid management
KW  - Launch vehicles
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Liquid oxygen
KW  - Low gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 19847456; Chato, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Chato@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 86-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 46 Issue 2/3, p82; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: SPACE fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flight experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Launch vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low gravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.11.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Plachta, D.W.
AU  - Christie, R.J.
AU  - Jurns, J.M.
AU  - Kittel, P.
T1  - Passive ZBO storage of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen applied to space science mission concepts
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 97
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: Liquid hydrogen and oxygen cryogenic propulsion and storage were recently considered for application to Titan Explorer and Comet Nuclear Sample Return space science mission investigations. These missions would require up to 11 years of cryogenic storage. We modeled and designed cryogenic propellant storage concepts for these missions. By isolating the propellant tank’s view to deep space, we were able to achieve zero boil-off for both liquid hydrogen and oxygen propellant storage without cryocoolers. Several shades were incorporated to protect the tanks from the sun and spacecraft bus, and to protect the hydrogen tank from the warmer oxygen tank. This had a dramatic effect on the surface temperatures of the propellant tank insulation. These passive storage concepts for deep space missions substantially improved this application of cryogenic propulsion. It is projected that for missions requiring larger propellant tank sizes, the results would be even more dramatic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Fuel
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - SPACE ships
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Space cryogenics
N1  - Accession Number: 19847457; Plachta, D.W. 1; Email Address: david.w.plachta@nasa.gov Christie, R.J. 2 Jurns, J.M. 3 Kittel, P. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Propellant Systems Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 86-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Zin Technologies, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: QSS, Cleveland, OH, USA  4: Palo Alto, CA, 94303, USA; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 46 Issue 2/3, p89; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Fuel; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: SPACE ships; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space cryogenics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.11.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19847457&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jurns, John M.
AU  - Kudlac, Maureen T.
T1  - NASA Glenn Research Center Creek Road Complex—Cryogenic Testing Facilities
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 104
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: Due to expansion at neighboring Cleveland Hopkins Airport, several NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) facilities have been relocated to the Creek Road Complex. The complex consists of the Small Scale Multi-purpose Research Facility (SMiRF), Cryogenic Components Lab Cell 7 (CCL-7), and a shop building. The facilities have been updated and include state-of-the art technology. SMiRF is a liquid hydrogen/liquid nitrogen (LH2/LN2) test facility used to conduct research in a 7400L vacuum chamber. The chamber simulates space environment and launch vehicle ascent profile. SMiRF handles 5680L of LH2. CCL is a LH2/LN2 facility to perform small scale proof of concept tests for components and processes. It handles 1130L of liquid hydrogen. Both facilities handle cryogens at sub-atmospheric pressures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - LIQUID nitrogen
KW  - Cryostats (F)
KW  - Hydrogen (B)
KW  - Nitrogen (B)
KW  - Oxygen (B)
KW  - Space cryogenics (F)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 19847458; Jurns, John M. 1; Email Address: John.M.Jurns@nasa.gov Kudlac, Maureen T. 2; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 46 Issue 2/3, p98; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: LIQUID nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryostats (F); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space cryogenics (F); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.11.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19847458&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Dresar, Neil T.
T1  - PVT gauging with liquid nitrogen
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 118
EP  - 125
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: Experimental results are presented for pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) liquid quantity gauging of a 0.17m3 liquid nitrogen tank pressured with ambient temperature helium in the normal gravity environment. A previously reported PVT measurement procedure has been improved to include helium solubility in liquid nitrogen. Gauging data was collected at nominal tank fill levels of 80%, 50% and 20% and at nominal tank pressures of 0.3, 1.0, and 1.7MPa. The test tank was equipped with a liquid pump and spray manifold to circulate and mix the fluid contents and therefore create near-isothermal conditions throughout the tank. Silicon diode sensors were distributed throughout the tank to monitor temperatures. Close-spaced arrays of silicon diode point sensors were utilized to precisely detect the liquid level at the nominal 80%, 50%, and 20% fill levels. The tests simulated the cryogenic tank-side conditions only; helium mass added to the tank was measured by gas flowmeters rather than using pressure and temperature measurements from a dedicated helium supply bottle. Equilibrium data for cryogenic nitrogen and helium mixtures from numerous sources was correlated to predict soluble helium mole fractions. Results show that solubility should be accounted for in the PVT gauging calculations. Mole fractions predicted by Dalton’s Law were found to be in good agreement with the compiled equilibrium data within the temperature–pressure range of interest. Therefore, Dalton’s Law was deemed suitable for calculating ullage composition. Gauging results from the PVT method agreed with the reference liquid level measurements to within 3%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EFFECT of reduced gravity on liquid nitrogen
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - SILICON diodes
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - Instrumentation (D)
KW  - Level detection (D)
KW  - Nitrogen (B)
KW  - Space cryogenics (F)
N1  - Accession Number: 19847461; Van Dresar, Neil T. 1; Email Address: neil.t.vandresar@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 86-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 46 Issue 2/3, p118; Subject Term: EFFECT of reduced gravity on liquid nitrogen; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: SILICON diodes; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation (D); Author-Supplied Keyword: Level detection (D); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space cryogenics (F); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.10.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patterson, R.L.
AU  - Hammoud, A.
AU  - Elbuluk, M.
T1  - Assessment of electronics for cryogenic space exploration missions
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 231
EP  - 236
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: Space exploration missions require electronics capable of efficient and reliable operation at low temperatures. Presently, spacecraft on-board electronics are maintained at approximately 20°C through the use of radioisotopes. Cryogenic electronics would enhance efficiency of space systems, improve reliability, and simplify their design. A Low Temperature Electronics Program at the NASA Glenn Research Center focuses on research and development of electronics suitable for space exploration missions. The effects of cryogenic temperature and thermal cycling are being investigated for commercial-off-the-shelf components as well as for components specially developed for low temperature operation. An overview of this program along with selected experimental data is presented in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOELECTRONICS
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - SPACE vehicle electronics
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Cryoelectronics (D)
KW  - Power applications (F)
KW  - Semiconductors (A)
KW  - Space electronics (F)
N1  - Accession Number: 19847477; Patterson, R.L. 1; Email Address: Richard.L.Patterson@grc.nasa.gov Hammoud, A. 2 Elbuluk, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Electrophysics Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 301-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: University of Akron, Department of Electrical Engineering, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 46 Issue 2/3, p231; Subject Term: CRYOELECTRONICS; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: SPACE vehicle electronics; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryoelectronics (D); Author-Supplied Keyword: Power applications (F); Author-Supplied Keyword: Semiconductors (A); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space electronics (F); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2005.12.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jordan, Stuart
T1  - How We Can Win the Global Culture War.
JO  - Free Inquiry
JF  - Free Inquiry
Y1  - 2006/02//Feb/Mar2006
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 37
SN  - 02720701
AB  - This article focus on the culture war between people who have accepted modern science and people who do not. Modern science as a large-scale human enterprise is a very recent historical development, and until quite recently, very few people grasped its philosophical implications. The author observes that most Americans are aware of the conflicts between religious fundamentalists and those who oppose their God-centered worldview. These conflicts between and within cultures now seem to be occurring on a more global scale than ever before. All the examples in the article involve a struggle between tradition-minded people who cling to old religious ways and those who favor a more secular, science-oriented perspective on the world.
KW  - SCIENCE
KW  - IDEALS (Philosophy)
KW  - CONSERVATISM
KW  - RELIGIOUS fundamentalism
KW  - PERSPECTIVE (Visual perception)
KW  - CULTURAL values
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 19516186; Jordan, Stuart 1; Affiliation:  1: Senior staff scientist emeritus, Goddard Laboratory, Astronomy and Solar Physics, National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Source Info: Feb/Mar2006, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p35; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Subject Term: IDEALS (Philosophy); Subject Term: CONSERVATISM; Subject Term: RELIGIOUS fundamentalism; Subject Term: PERSPECTIVE (Visual perception); Subject Term: CULTURAL values; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rouner, Donna
AU  - Lindsey, Rebecca
T1  - Female Adolescent Communication About Sexually Transmitted Diseases.
JO  - Health Communication
JF  - Health Communication
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 38
SN  - 10410236
AB  - Health researchers acknowledge a limited understanding of the social context of adolescents regarding their communication and decision making about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Using in-depth interviews, this study examines 18-year-old women regarding their self-concepts about STD communication, including their perceived and actual knowledge levels. Fifteen first-year college students from a Western university showed strong self-concepts and high perceived knowledge relative to sexual decision making and communication. The women's actual knowledge holding, however, was low. They demonstrated difficulty finding information from mediated sources with either high regard or mistrust of new information technologies for such information and limited use of interpersonal communication sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Health Communication is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEXUALLY transmitted diseases
KW  - COMMUNICABLE diseases
KW  - SEXUAL health
KW  - TEENAGE girls
KW  - TEENAGERS
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - COLLEGE students
KW  - UNIVERSITIES & colleges
KW  - INTERPERSONAL communication
N1  - Accession Number: 20006834; Rouner, Donna 1; Email Address: donna.rouner@colostate.edu Lindsey, Rebecca 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Journalism and Technical Communication, Colorado State University  2: Earth Observatory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p29; Subject Term: SEXUALLY transmitted diseases; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases; Subject Term: SEXUAL health; Subject Term: TEENAGE girls; Subject Term: TEENAGERS; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION; Subject Term: COLLEGE students; Subject Term: UNIVERSITIES & colleges; Subject Term: INTERPERSONAL communication; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warell, J.
AU  - Sprague, A.L.
AU  - Emery, J.P.
AU  - Kozlowski, R.W.H.
AU  - Long, A.
T1  - The 0.7–5.3 μm IR spectra of Mercury and the Moon: Evidence for high-Ca clinopyroxene on Mercury
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 180
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 281
EP  - 291
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present infrared spectra of Mercury and the Moon in the wavelength range 0.7–5.3 μm obtained with the SpeX spectrograph at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility. The spectra were acquired from pole and terminator locations of Mercury''s surface and of Mersenius C and the Copernicus central peak on the Moon. Spectra of both bodies were measured in close temporal succession and were reduced in the same manner with identical calibration stars to minimize differences in the reduction process. The Copernicus spectra display the expected absorption features due to mafic minerals in the near infrared and show spectral features in the SiO combination/overtone vibrational band region above 4 μm. The spectra of Mercury from longitude 170° and north and south mid-latitudes display a 1-μm absorption band indicative of high-Ca clinopyroxene, while a spectrum from longitude 260° and northern mid-latitudes does not. The Mercury spectra show a broad feature of low emittance over the full 3–5 μm thermal infrared region, but no narrow features in this spectral range. The longitude 260° spectrum shows excess thermal emission around 5 μm attributable to the existence of a thermal gradient in the insolated dayside regolith. The thermal-IR spectra suggest a significant difference in the compositional and/or structural properties of Mercury and the Moon that may be due to grain size, absorption coefficient, or the magnitude of near-surface thermal gradients. The results indicate that the composition of Mercury''s surface is heterogeneous on regional scales, and that the near infrared wavelength range provides more discriminative information on the surface composition than the 2–4 μm region, where the solar reflected and thermally emitted radiation contribute approximately equally to the observed flux of these bodies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MERCURY (Planet)
KW  - MOON
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - Mercury
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - planets ( Surfaces )
KW  - Regoliths
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 19463943; Warell, J. 1; Email Address: johan.warell@astro.uu.se Sprague, A.L. 2 Emery, J.P. 3 Kozlowski, R.W.H. 4 Long, A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institutionen för Astronomi och Rymdfysik, Uppsala Universitet, Box 515, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Physics Department, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, PA 17870, USA; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 180 Issue 2, p281; Subject Term: MERCURY (Planet); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mercury; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets ( Surfaces ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.09.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anagnostou, Dimitrios E.
AU  - Guizhen Zheng
AU  - Chryssomallis, Michael T.
AU  - Lyke, James C.
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Christodoulou, Christos G.
T1  - Design, fabrication, and measurements of an RF-MEMS-based self-similar reconfigurable antenna.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2006/02//Feb2006 Part 1
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 422
EP  - 432
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Reconfigurability in an antenna system is a desired characteristic that has been the focus of much research in recent years. In this work, ohmic contact cantilever RF-MEMS switches are integrated with self-similar planar antennas to provide a reconfigurable antenna system that radiates similar patterns over a wide range of frequencies. The different issues encountered during the integration of the MEMS switches and the overall system design procedure are described herein. The final model radiates at three widely separated frequencies with very similar radiation patterns. The proposed concept can be extended to reconfigurable linear antenna arrays or to more complex antenna structures with large improvements in antenna performance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ANTENNA radiation patterns
KW  - SILICON
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - antenna radiation patterns
KW  - fractal
KW  - fractals
KW  - linear antenna array
KW  - linear antenna arrays
KW  - microswitches
KW  - ohmic contact RF-MEMS switch
KW  - ohmic contacts
KW  - planar antenna
KW  - planar antenna arrays
KW  - radiation pattern
KW  - reconfigurable antennas
KW  - RF-MEMS
KW  - self-similar
KW  - self-similar reconfigurable antenna
KW  - Sierpinski
KW  - silicon
N1  - Accession Number: 52037836; Anagnostou, Dimitrios E. 1,2; Email Address: danagn@ieee.org Guizhen Zheng 1,3 Chryssomallis, Michael T. 4,5 Lyke, James C. 4,6 Ponchak, George E. 4,7 Papapolymerou, John 2 Christodoulou, Christos G. 8,9; Affiliation:  1: Member, IEEE  2: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA  3: Intel Corporation, Phoenix, AZ 85044 USA  4: Senior Member, IEEE  5: Democritus University of Thrace, Polytechnic School of Xanthi, Xanthi, 67100, Greece  6: Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA  7: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  8: Fellow, IEEE  9: University of NewMexico, Albuquerque,NM 87106 USA; Source Info: Feb2006 Part 1, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p422; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ANTENNA radiation patterns; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: antenna radiation patterns; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractal; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractals; Author-Supplied Keyword: linear antenna array; Author-Supplied Keyword: linear antenna arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: microswitches; Author-Supplied Keyword: ohmic contact RF-MEMS switch; Author-Supplied Keyword: ohmic contacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: planar antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: planar antenna arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation pattern; Author-Supplied Keyword: reconfigurable antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: RF-MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: self-similar; Author-Supplied Keyword: self-similar reconfigurable antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sierpinski; Author-Supplied Keyword: silicon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2005.863399
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolaou, Symeon
AU  - Bairavasubramanian, Ramanan
AU  - Lugo Jr., Cesar
AU  - Carrasquillo, Ileana
AU  - Thompson, Dane C.
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - Pattern and frequency reconfigurable annular slot antenna using PIN diodes.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2006/02//Feb2006 Part 1
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 439
EP  - 448
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - This paper presents the use of pin diodes to reconfigure the impedance match and modify the radiation pattern of an annular slot antenna (ASA). The planar antenna is fabricated on one side of a Duroid substrate and the microstrip feeding line with the matching network is fabricated on the opposite side of the board. The central frequency is 5.8 GHz and, by reconfiguring the matching circuit, the antenna was also designed to operate at 5.2 and 6.4 GHz. Pin diodes are also used to short the ASA in preselected positions along the circumference, thereby changing the direction of the in the plane defined by the circular slot changes. As a proof of concept, two pin diodes are placed 45° on both sides of the feeding line along the ASA and the direction of the is shown to align with the direction defined by the circular slot center and the diode. Consequently, a design that is reconfigurable in both frequency and radiation pattern is accomplished. Return loss and radiation pattern measurements and simulations are presented, which are in very good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SLOT antennas
KW  - ANTENNA radiation patterns
KW  - PIN diodes
KW  - DIODES
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - 5.2 GHz
KW  - 5.8 GHz
KW  - 6.4 GHz
KW  - annular slot antenna
KW  - Annular slot antenna (ASA)
KW  - antenna feeds
KW  - antenna radiation patterns
KW  - ASA
KW  - Duroid substrate
KW  - frequency reconfigurability
KW  - frequency reconfigurable antenna
KW  - impedance match
KW  - impedance matching
KW  - loop antennas
KW  - matching network
KW  - microstrip antennas
KW  - microstrip feeding line
KW  - p-i-n diodes
KW  - pin diode
KW  - radiation pattern
KW  - reconfigurable antenna
KW  - reconfigurable radiation pattern
KW  - slot antenna
KW  - slot antennas
N1  - Accession Number: 52037838; Nikolaou, Symeon 1; Email Address: simos@ece.gatech.edu Bairavasubramanian, Ramanan 1,2 Lugo Jr., Cesar 1,2 Carrasquillo, Ileana 1 Thompson, Dane C. 1,2 Ponchak, George E. 3,4; Email Address: george.ponchak@ieee.org Papapolymerou, John 3 Tentzeris, Manos M. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA  2: Student Member, IEEE  3: Senior Member, IEEE  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Feb2006 Part 1, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p439; Subject Term: SLOT antennas; Subject Term: ANTENNA radiation patterns; Subject Term: PIN diodes; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Author-Supplied Keyword: 5.2 GHz; Author-Supplied Keyword: 5.8 GHz; Author-Supplied Keyword: 6.4 GHz; Author-Supplied Keyword: annular slot antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: Annular slot antenna (ASA); Author-Supplied Keyword: antenna feeds; Author-Supplied Keyword: antenna radiation patterns; Author-Supplied Keyword: ASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Duroid substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency reconfigurability; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency reconfigurable antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: impedance match; Author-Supplied Keyword: impedance matching; Author-Supplied Keyword: loop antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: matching network; Author-Supplied Keyword: microstrip antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: microstrip feeding line; Author-Supplied Keyword: p-i-n diodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: pin diode; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation pattern; Author-Supplied Keyword: reconfigurable antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: reconfigurable radiation pattern; Author-Supplied Keyword: slot antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: slot antennas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2005.863398
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuo, Spencer P.
AU  - Bivolaru, Daniel
T1  - A Pulsed Plasma Torch and Its Performance in a Mach 2.5 Supersonic Flow.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 69
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Characteristics of torch plasma that is intended as an ignition aid within a scramjet engine are studied in a Mach 2.5 wind tunnel. This torch system, with its high-voltage discharge between the electrodes of a torch module, is operated in pulsed mode. The plasma jet generated by this torch module is diagnosed by the discharge power and through imaging of its plume in a quiescent environment and in a supersonic crossflow. This torch can deliver up to 100 J in each pulse. Within the Mach-2.5 supersonic flow, which approximates the scramjet-engine startup condition, the penetration height and the volume of torch plume into the crossflow are determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA jets
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - PLASMA devices
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - Ignition aid
KW  - plasma torch
KW  - scramjet
KW  - supersonic combustor.
N1  - Accession Number: 20229956; Kuo, Spencer P. 1 Bivolaru, Daniel 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA.; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p63; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: PLASMA devices; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ignition aid; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma torch; Author-Supplied Keyword: scramjet; Author-Supplied Keyword: supersonic combustor.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2005.863596
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Christina Louise
AU  - Peters, Richard Alan
AU  - Bodenheimer, Robert E.
AU  - Bluethmann, William J.
AU  - Huber, Eric
AU  - Ambrose, Robert O.
T1  - Superpositioning of Behaviors Learned Through Teleoperation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 91
SN  - 15523098
AB  - This paper reports that the superposition of a small set of behaviors, learned via teleoperation, can lead to robust completion of an articulated reach-and-grasp task. The results support the hypothesis that a robot can learn to interact purpose- fully with its environment through a developmental acquisition of sensory-motor coordination. Teleoperation can bootstrap the process by enabling the robot to observe its own sensory responses to actions that lead to specific outcomes within an environment. It is shown that a reach-and-grasp task, learned by an articulated robot through a small number of teleoperated trials, can be performed autonomously with success in the face of significant variations in the environment and perturbations of the goal. In particular, teleoperation of the robot to reach and grasp an object at nine different locations in its workspace enabled robust autonomous performance of the task anywhere within the workspace. Superpositioning was performed using the Verbs and Adverbs algorithm that was developed originally for the graphical animation of articulated characters. The work was performed on Robonaut, the NASA space-capable humanoid at Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - LEARNING
KW  - SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics)
KW  - ROBOTS
KW  - PERCEPTUAL motor learning
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Dexterous manipulators
KW  - intelligent robots
KW  - non- linear functions
KW  - robot programming
KW  - telerobotics
N1  - Accession Number: 19955963; Campbell, Christina Louise 1; Email Address: christina.l.campbell@vanderbilt.edu Peters, Richard Alan 1; Email Address: Alan.Peters@vanderbilt.edu Bodenheimer, Robert E. 1; Email Address: bobbyb@vuse.vanderbilt.edu Bluethmann, William J. 2; Email Address: william.j.bluethmannl@jsc.nasa.gov Huber, Eric 2; Email Address: eric@roboteyes.com Ambrose, Robert O. 2; Email Address: robert.o.ambrose@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235-1824 USA.  2: Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058 USA.; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p79; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: LEARNING; Subject Term: SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics); Subject Term: ROBOTS; Subject Term: PERCEPTUAL motor learning; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dexterous manipulators; Author-Supplied Keyword: intelligent robots; Author-Supplied Keyword: non- linear functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: robot programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: telerobotics; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, S.R.
AU  - Nemeth, N.N.
AU  - Gyekenyesi, J.P.
T1  - Slow crack growth of brittle materials with exponential crack velocity under cyclic fatigue loading
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 164
EP  - 172
SN  - 01421123
AB  - Abstract: The life prediction analysis to determine life as a function of applied stress for brittle materials was made numerically based on an exponential crack velocity formulation. The results were examined using the experimental data on advanced structural ceramics tested under cyclic fatigue loading at ambient and elevated temperatures. The data fit to the obtained relation of ln(time to failure) versus maximum applied stress was very reasonable and compares well with that of the more widely utilized power-law crack velocity. It was also found that life prediction from one loading configuration (static fatigue) to another (cyclic fatigue) in the exponential formulation resulted in a similar degree of accuracy as compared with that in the power-law formulation. The major limitation in the exponential crack-velocity formulation, however, was that inert strength of a material must be known priori to evaluate the important slow-crack-growth parameter n, a significant drawback/burden as compared with the conventional power-law crack-velocity formulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - BRITTLENESS
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - Advanced ceramics
KW  - Crack-velocity formulation
KW  - Exponential crack velocity
KW  - Fatigue testing
KW  - Life prediction
KW  - Power-law crack velocity
KW  - Slow crack growth
N1  - Accession Number: 18982100; Choi, S.R.; Email Address: sung.r.choi@grc.nasa.gov Nemeth, N.N. 1 Gyekenyesi, J.P. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p164; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: BRITTLENESS; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack-velocity formulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exponential crack velocity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power-law crack velocity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slow crack growth; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2005.03.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DENNEY, EWEN
AU  - FISCHER, BERND
AU  - SCHUMANN, JOHANN
T1  - AN EMPIRICAL EVALUATION OF AUTOMATED THEOREM PROVERS IN SOFTWARE CERTIFICATION.
JO  - International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools
JF  - International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 107
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02182130
AB  - We describe a system for the automated certification of safety properties of NASA software. The system uses Hoare-style program verification technology to generate proof obligations which are then processed by an automated first-order theorem prover (ATP). We discuss the unique requirements this application places on the ATPs, focusing on automation, proof checking, traceability, and usability, and describe the resulting system architecture, including a certification browser that maintains and displays links between obligations and source code locations. For full automation, the obligations must be aggressively preprocessed and simplified, and we demonstrate how the individual simplification stages, which are implemented by rewriting, influence the ability of the ATPs to solve the proof tasks. Our results are based on 13 comprehensive certification experiments that lead to 366 top-level safety obligations and ultimately to more than 25,000 proof tasks which have been used to determine the suitability of the high-performance provers DCTP, E-Setheo, E, Gandalf, Otter, Setheo, Spass, and Vampire, and our associated infrastructure. The proofs found by Otter have been checked by Ivy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC theorem proving
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - automated theorem proving
KW  - Hoare logic
KW  - program synthesis
KW  - proof checking
KW  - Software certification
KW  - traceability
KW  - verification condition generator
N1  - Accession Number: 19493642; DENNEY, EWEN 1; Email Address: edenney@email.arc.nasa.gov FISCHER, BERND 1; Email Address: fisch@email.arc.nasa.gov SCHUMANN, JOHANN 1; Email Address: schumann@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: RIACS/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-2, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p81; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC theorem proving; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: automated theorem proving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hoare logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: program synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: proof checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software certification; Author-Supplied Keyword: traceability; Author-Supplied Keyword: verification condition generator; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 1 Illustration, 4 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whiteman, D. N.
AU  - Demoz, B.
AU  - Di Girolamo, P.
AU  - Comer, J.
AU  - Veselovskii, I.
AU  - Evans, K.
AU  - Wang, Z.
AU  - Sabatino, D.
AU  - Schwemmer, G.
AU  - Gentry, B.
AU  - Lin, R-F.
AU  - Behrendt, A.
AU  - Wulfmeyer, V.
AU  - Browell, E.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Ismail, S.
AU  - Wang, J.
T1  - Raman Lidar Measurements during the International H2O Project. Part II: Case Studies.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 170
EP  - 183
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The NASA GSFC Scanning Raman Lidar (SRL) participated in the International H2O Project (IHOP) that occurred in May and June 2002 in the midwestern part of the United States. The SRL system configuration and methods of data analysis were described in Part I of this paper. In this second part, comparisons of SRL water vapor measurements and those of Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) airborne water vapor lidar and chilled-mirror radiosonde are performed. Two case studies are then presented: one for daytime and one for nighttime. The daytime case study is of a convectively driven boundary layer event and is used to characterize the daytime SRL water vapor random error characteristics. The nighttime case study is of a thunderstorm-generated cirrus cloud case that is studied in its meteorological context. Upper-tropospheric humidification due to precipitation from the cirrus cloud is quantified as is the cirrus cloud optical depth, extinction-to-backscatter ratio, ice water content, cirrus particle size, and both particle and volume depolarization ratios. A stability and back-trajectory analysis is performed to study the origin of wave activity in one of the cloud layers. These unprecedented cirrus cloud measurements are being used in a cirrus cloud modeling study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - HUMIDITY control
KW  - RADIOSONDES
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - UPPER atmosphere -- Radiosonde observations
KW  - PHYSICS instruments
KW  - GEOPHYSICAL instruments
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 20043397; Whiteman, D. N. 1; Email Address: david.n.whiteman@nasa.gov Demoz, B. 1 Di Girolamo, P. 2 Comer, J. 3 Veselovskii, I. 4 Evans, K. 4 Wang, Z. 5 Sabatino, D. 2 Schwemmer, G. 1 Gentry, B. 1 Lin, R-F. 4 Behrendt, A. 6 Wulfmeyer, V. 6 Browell, E. 7 Ferrare, R. 7 Ismail, S. 7 Wang, J. 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland  2: DIFA, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy  3: Science Systems Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland  4: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  5: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming  6: University of Hohenheim, Hohenheim, Germany  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia  8: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p170; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: HUMIDITY control; Subject Term: RADIOSONDES; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere -- Radiosonde observations; Subject Term: PHYSICS instruments; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICAL instruments; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 23 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Riggin, Dennis M.
AU  - Liu, Han-Li
AU  - Lieberman, Ruth S.
AU  - Roble, Raymond G.
AU  - Russell III, James M.
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Pancheva, Dora
AU  - Franke, Steven J.
AU  - Murayama, Yasuhiro
AU  - Manson, Alan H.
AU  - Meek, Chris E.
AU  - Vincent, Robert A.
T1  - Observations of the 5-day wave in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 68
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 339
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: The 5-day wave is the gravest symmetric Hough mode of westward propagating zonal wavenumber 1. This wave is observed using the SABER instrument aboard the TIMED satellite during the first three years of the spacecraft mission (2002–2004). Supporting measurements were made with mesospheric radar systems. To better interpret the observations, the NCAR thermosphere–ionosphere–mesosphere–electrodynamics general circulation model (TIME-GCM) simulation of year 2003 is used for comparative analysis. For the simulation the lower boundary was specified using NCEP data. The climatology from SABER shows a May maximum in the amplitude of the 5-day wave, which is consistent with the seasonal dependence found in earlier studies. A particularly strong wave with a day period was observed in May 2003 and is studied in some detail. There is considerable evidence from both data and model in our study that a major source for this wave was in the southern (winter) hemisphere. Cross-equatorial ducting allowed the wave to propagate into the northern (summer) hemisphere, where it was amplified by baroclinic instability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYMMETRIC spaces
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - THERMOSPHERE
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - ELECTRODYNAMICS
KW  - 5-day wave
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Planetary wave
KW  - Thermosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 19697282; Riggin, Dennis M. 1; Email Address: Riggin@colorado-research.com Liu, Han-Li 2 Lieberman, Ruth S. 1 Roble, Raymond G. 2 Russell III, James M. 3 Mertens, Christopher J. 4 Mlynczak, Martin G. 4 Pancheva, Dora 5 Franke, Steven J. 6 Murayama, Yasuhiro 7 Manson, Alan H. 8 Meek, Chris E. 8 Vincent, Robert A. 9; Affiliation:  1: Colorado Research Associates Division, Northwest Research Associates, Boulder, CO, USA  2: High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University Hampton, VA, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  5: University of Bath, UK  6: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA  7: Applied Research and Standards Department, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Tokyo, Japan  8: Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Canada  9: Physics Department, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 68 Issue 3-5, p323; Subject Term: SYMMETRIC spaces; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: THERMOSPHERE; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: ELECTRODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: 5-day wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: Middle atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermosphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Elkins, James W.
AU  - Chiou, Linda S.
AU  - Hannigan, James W.
AU  - Wood, Stephen W.
AU  - Mahieu, Emmanuel
AU  - Zander, Rodolphe
T1  - Long-term trend of at northern mid-latitudes: Comparison between ground-based infrared solar and surface sampling measurements
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 97
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 457
EP  - 466
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: We report average tropospheric volume mixing ratios retrieved from a 27 year time series of high spectral resolution infrared solar absorption measurements recorded between May 1977 and July 2004 at the US National Solar Observatory station on Kitt Peak (, 2.09km altitude) and their comparison with surface in situ sampling measurements recorded between 1983 and 2004 at the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) station at Niwot Ridge, Colorado (, 3013m altitude). The two measurement sets therefore overlap for the 1983–2004 time period. An average tropospheric volume mixing ratios of ( per unit volume) has been derived from the solar absorption time series with a best-fit increase rate trend equal to ppbv in 1983 decreasing to ppbv in 2003. The CMDL measurements also show a continuous long-term volume mixing ratio rise, with subsequent slowing down. A mean ratio of the retrieved average tropospheric volume mixing ratio to the CMDL volume mixing ratio for the overlapping time period of indicates agreement between both data sets within the quantified experimental errors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Methane
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 19129793; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Goldman, Aaron 2 Elkins, James W. 3 Chiou, Linda S. 4 Hannigan, James W. 5 Wood, Stephen W. 6 Mahieu, Emmanuel 7 Zander, Rodolphe 7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences Competency, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Denver, 2112 E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA  3: NOAA, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory R/CMDLI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  4: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, VA, USA  5: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  6: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Lauder, Private Bag 50061, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand  7: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Belgium; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 97 Issue 3, p457; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kirkpatrick, M. P.
AU  - Ackerman, A. S.
AU  - Stevens, D. E.
AU  - Mansour, N. N.
T1  - On the Application of the Dynamic Smagorinsky Model to Large-Eddy Simulations of the Cloud-Topped Atmospheric Boundary Layer.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 526
EP  - 546
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - In this paper the dynamic Smagorinsky model originally developed for engineering flows is adapted for simulations of the cloud-topped atmospheric boundary layer in which an anelastic form of the governing equations is used. The adapted model accounts for local buoyancy sources, vertical density stratification, and poor resolution close to the surface and calculates additional model coefficients for the subgrid-scale fluxes of potential temperature and total water mixing ratio. Results obtained with the dynamic model are compared with those obtained using two nondynamic models for simulations of a nocturnal marine stratocumulus cloud deck observed during the first research flight of the second Dynamics and Chemistry of Marine Stratocumulus (DYCOMS-II) field experiment. The dynamic Smagorinsky model is found to give better agreement with the observations for all parameters and statistics. The dynamic model also gives improved spatial convergence and resolution independence over the nondynamic models. The good results obtained with the dynamic model appear to be due primarily to the fact that it calculates minimal subgrid-scale fluxes at the inversion. Based on other results in the literature, it is suggested that entrainment in the DYCOMS-II case is due predominantly to isolated mixing events associated with overturning internal waves. While the behavior of the dynamic model is consistent with this entrainment mechanism, a similar tendency to switch off subgrid-scale fluxes at an interface is also observed in a case in which gradient transport by small-scale eddies has been found to be important. This indicates that there may be problems associated with the application of the dynamic model close to flow interfaces. One issue here involves the plane-averaging procedure used to stabilize the model, which is not justified when the averaging plane intersects a deforming interface. More fundamental, however, is that the behavior may be due to insufficient resolution in this region of the flow. The implications of this are discussed with reference to both dynamic and nondynamic subgrid-scale models, and a new approach to turbulence modeling for large-eddy simulations is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - INTERNAL friction
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - BUOYANT ascent (Hydrodynamics)
KW  - WAVE resistance (Hydrodynamics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC density
N1  - Accession Number: 19967760; Kirkpatrick, M. P. 1,2,3; Email Address: michael.kirkpatrick@utas.edu.au Ackerman, A. S. 4 Stevens, D. E. 5 Mansour, N. N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California  2: School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia  3: Michael Kirkpatrick, School of Engineering, Private Bag 65, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  5: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 63 Issue 2, p526; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: INTERNAL friction; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: BUOYANT ascent (Hydrodynamics); Subject Term: WAVE resistance (Hydrodynamics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC density; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pruett, C. D.
AU  - Thomas, B. C.
AU  - Grosch, C. E.
AU  - Gatski, T. B.
T1  - A temporal approximate deconvolution model for large-eddy simulation.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 028104
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - A temporal approximate deconvolution model (TADM) is developed for large-eddy simulation and is demonstrated for plane-channel flow at Reτ=590. The TADM combines explicit causal time-domain filtering with linear deconvolution (defiltering) to approximate unfiltered fields and residual stress to arbitrarily high order. The TADM methodology appears to lead to a robust family of residual-stress models that should provide a viable alternative to conventional (spatial) filtering for applications in which spatial filtering is problematic, e.g., for problems requiring unstructured or highly stretched grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra -- Deconvolution
KW  - TIME-domain analysis
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - FILTERS & filtration
KW  - STOPPING power (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 19933444; Pruett, C. D. 1; Email Address: pruettcd@jmu.edu Thomas, B. C. 1 Grosch, C. E. 2 Gatski, T. B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807  2: Departments of Ocean, Earth & Atmospheric Sciences and Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  3: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p028104; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra -- Deconvolution; Subject Term: TIME-domain analysis; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: FILTERS & filtration; Subject Term: STOPPING power (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2173288
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Rashidnia, N.
AU  - Maxworthy, T.
AU  - Kuang, J.
T1  - Erratum: “Instability of miscible interfaces in a cylindrical tube” [Phys. Fluids 17, 052103 (2005).
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 029901
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - A correction to the article "Instability of Miscible Interfaces in a Cylindrical in a Tube," published in the 2005 issue.
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 19933429; Balasubramaniam, R. 1 Rashidnia, N. 1 Maxworthy, T. 2 Kuang, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p029901; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1063/1.2179821
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Funk, S.
AU  - Hokkanen, B.
AU  - Wang, J.
AU  - Burghaus, U.
AU  - Bozzolo, G.
AU  - Garcés, J.E.
T1  - Adsorption dynamics of CO2 on Cu(110): A molecular beam study
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 600
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 583
EP  - 590
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: Molecular beam scattering measurements have been conducted to examine the adsorption dynamics of CO2 on Cu(110). The initial adsorption probability, S 0, decreases exponentially from 0.43±0.03 to a value close to the detection limit (∼0.03) within the impact energy range of E i =(0.12–1.30) eV. S 0 is independent of the adsorption temperature, T s, and the impact angle, α i, i.e., the adsorption is non-activated and total energy scaling is obeyed. The coverage, Θ, dependent adsorption probability, S(Θ), agrees with precursor-assisted adsorption dynamics (Kisliuk type) above T s ∼91K. However, below that temperature adsorbate-assisted adsorption (S increases with Θ) has been observed. That effect is most distinct at large E i and low T s. The S(Θ) data have been modeled by Monte Carlo simulations. No indications of CO2 dissociation were obtained from Auger Electron Spectroscopy or the molecular beam scattering data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR beams
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - SCANNING Auger electron microscopy
KW  - CO2
KW  - Copper
KW  - Molecular beam scattering
KW  - Monte Carlo simulations
KW  - Precursor states
N1  - Accession Number: 19589058; Funk, S. 1 Hokkanen, B. 1 Wang, J. 1 Burghaus, U. 1; Email Address: http://www.chem.ndsu.nodak.edu Bozzolo, G. 2,3 Garcés, J.E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 600 Issue 3, p583; Subject Term: MOLECULAR beams; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SCANNING Auger electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular beam scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precursor states; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2005.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckermann, Stephen D.
AU  - Dörnbrack, Andreas
AU  - Vosper, Simon B.
AU  - Flentje, Harald
AU  - Mahoney, M. J.
AU  - Bui, T. Paul
AU  - Carslaw, Kenneth S.
T1  - Mountain Wave–Induced Polar Stratospheric Cloud Forecasts for Aircraft Science Flights during SOLVE/THESEO 2000.
JO  - Weather & Forecasting
JF  - Weather & Forecasting
Y1  - 2006/02//
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 68
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08828156
AB  - The results of a multimodel forecasting effort to predict mountain wave–induced polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) for airborne science during the third Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE III) Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE)/Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000) Arctic ozone campaign are assessed. The focus is on forecasts for five flights of NASA's instrumented DC-8 research aircraft in which PSCs observed by onboard aerosol lidars were identified as wave related. Aircraft PSC measurements over northern Scandinavia on 25–27 January 2000 were accurately forecast by the mountain wave models several days in advance, permitting coordinated quasi-Lagrangian flights that measured their composition and structure in unprecedented detail. On 23 January 2000 mountain wave ice PSCs were forecast over eastern Greenland. Thick layers of wave-induced ice PSC were measured by DC-8 aerosol lidars in regions along the flight track where the forecasts predicted enhanced stratospheric mountain wave amplitudes. The data from these flights, which were planned using this forecast guidance, have substantially improved the overall understanding of PSC microphysics within mountain waves. Observations of PSCs south of the DC-8 flight track on 30 November 1999 are consistent with forecasts of mountain wave–induced ice clouds over southern Scandinavia, and are validated locally using radiosonde data. On the remaining two flights wavelike PSCs were reported in regions where no mountain wave PSCs were forecast. For 10 December 1999, it is shown that locally generated mountain waves could not have propagated into the stratosphere where the PSCs were observed, confirming conclusions of other recent studies. For the PSC observed on 14 January 2000 over northern Greenland, recent work indicates that nonorographic gravity waves radiated from the jet stream produced this PSC, confirming the original forecast of no mountain wave influence. This forecast is validated further by comparing with a nearby ER-2 flight segment to the south of the DC-8, which intercepted and measured local stratospheric mountain waves with properties similar to those predicted. In total, the original forecast guidance proves to be consistent with PSC data acquired from all five of these DC-8 flights. The work discussed herein highlights areas where improvements can be made in future wave PSC forecasting campaigns, such as use of anelastic rather than Boussinesq linearized gridpoint models and a need to forecast stratospheric gravity waves from sources other than mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Weather & Forecasting is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOUNTAIN wave
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - INFLUENCE of mountains on weather
KW  - GEOPHYSICAL prediction
N1  - Accession Number: 19996555; Eckermann, Stephen D. 1; Email Address: stephen.eckermann@nrl.navy.mil Dörnbrack, Andreas 2 Vosper, Simon B. 3 Flentje, Harald 2 Mahoney, M. J. 4 Bui, T. Paul 5 Carslaw, Kenneth S. 6; Affiliation:  1: E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC  2: DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  3: Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  5: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  6: School of the Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p42; Subject Term: MOUNTAIN wave; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: INFLUENCE of mountains on weather; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICAL prediction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Malcolm K.
AU  - DellaCorte, Christopher
T1  - Atomization of metal fluorides for enhanced flow characteristics of a multicomponent powder
JO  - Powder Technology
JF  - Powder Technology
Y1  - 2006/02/03/
VL  - 161
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 195
SN  - 00325910
AB  - Abstract: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration''s (NASA''s) PS304 coating is a plasma spray deposited tribological coating with feedstock composed of NiCr, Cr2O3, Ag and BaF2–CaF2 powders. The effects of rounded BaF2–CaF2 particles on the gravity-fed flow characteristics of PS304 feedstock have been investigated. The BaF2–CaF2 powder was fabricated by water atomization using four sets of process parameters. Each of these powders was then characterized by microscopy and classified by screening to obtain 45–106 μm particles and added incrementally from 0–10 wt.% to the other constituents of the PS304 feedstock, namely nichrome, chromia and silver powders. The relationship between feedstock flow rate, measured with the Hall flowmeter, and concentration of fluorides was found to be linear in each case. The slopes of the lines were between those of the linear relationships previously reported using angular and spherical fluorides and were closer to the relationship predicted using the rule of mixtures. The results offer a fluoride fabrication technique potentially more cost-effective than gas atomization processes or traditional comminution processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Powder Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - FLUORIDES
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - POWDERS
KW  - Atomization
KW  - Comminution
KW  - Flow
KW  - Image analysis
KW  - Particle shape classification
N1  - Accession Number: 19466312; Stanford, Malcolm K.; Email Address: malcolm.k.stanford@nasa.gov DellaCorte, Christopher 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 161 Issue 3, p190; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: FLUORIDES; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: POWDERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comminution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle shape classification; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.powtec.2005.11.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roy, Shuvo
AU  - Zorman, Christian
AU  - Mehregany, Mehran
AU  - DeAnna, Russell
AU  - Deeb, Chris
T1  - The mechanical properties of polycrystalline 3C-SiC films grown on polysilicon substrates by atmospheric pressure chemical-vapor deposition.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/02/15/
VL  - 99
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 044108
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - This paper presents the results of a study to determine Young’s modulus, residual stress, and burst strength of polycrystalline 3C silicon carbide (poly-SiC) films grown on as-deposited and annealed polysilicon substrate layers. The biaxial modulus and residual stress were determined for bulk micromachined poly-SiC diaphragms using an interferometric load-deflection measurement apparatus. The load-deflection data were analyzed using a least-squares fitting technique to extract the biaxial modulus and residual stress values, and Young’s modulus was calculated assuming a Poisson ratio of 0.15. Poly-SiC films comprised of equiaxed grains exhibited Young’s modulus values ranging from 452 to 494 GPa, while columnar films with a high degree of (110) texture exhibited Young’s modulus values between 340 and 357 GPa. The residual stress for these films did not exhibit a discernable relationship with microstructure; however, the values exhibited a general dependence on growth temperature. Poly-SiC films grown at 1280 °C had residual stress values ranging from 401 to 486 MPa, while a film grown at 1160 °C had a residual stress value of 113 MPa. Burst strength was determined using a combination of finite element analysis and burst pressure measurements of the suspended diaphragms. Poly-SiC films grown at 1280 °C exhibited an average burst strength value of 1718 MPa, while the poly-SiC film grown at 1160 °C had an average burst strength value of 1321 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - POLYCRYSTALLINE semiconductors
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 19933527; Roy, Shuvo 1,2 Zorman, Christian 1; Email Address: christian.zorman@case.edu Mehregany, Mehran 1 DeAnna, Russell 3,4 Deeb, Chris 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106  2: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195  3: US Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Center, NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Advanced Engineering Technologies, 6055 Atlantic Blvd., Suite E-230071-1304, Norcross, GA  5: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Source Info: 2/15/2006, Vol. 99 Issue 4, p044108; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALLINE semiconductors; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2169875
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilber, Anne C.
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - Annual Cycles of Surface Shortwave Radiative Fluxes.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/02/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 535
EP  - 547
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The annual cycles of surface shortwave flux are investigated using the 8-yr dataset of the surface radiation budget (SRB) components for the period July 1983–June 1991. These components include the downward, upward, and net shortwave radiant fluxes at the earth's surface. The seasonal cycles are quantified in terms of principal components that describe the temporal variations and empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) that describe the spatial patterns. The major part of the variation is simply due to the variation of the insolation at the top of the atmosphere, especially for the first term, which describes 92.4% of the variance for the downward shortwave flux. However, for the second term, which describes 4.1% of the variance, the effect of clouds is quite important and the effect of clouds dominates the third term, which describes 2.4% of the variance. To a large degree the second and third terms are due to the response of clouds to the annual cycle of solar forcing. For net shortwave flux at the surface, similar variances are described by each term. The regional values of the EOFs are related to climate classes, thereby defining the range of annual cycles of shortwave radiation for each climate class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - GEOGRAPHY
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
N1  - Accession Number: 20043410; Wilber, Anne C. 1; Email Address: a.c.wilber@larc.nasa.gov Smith, G. Louis 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Stackhouse, Paul W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p535; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Lin, Bing
T1  - Remote sensing of evapotranspiration and carbon uptake at Harvard Forest
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/02/15/
VL  - 100
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 379
EP  - 387
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: A land surface vegetation index, defined as the difference of microwave land surface emissivity at 19 and 37 GHz, was calculated for a heavily forested area in north central Massachusetts. The microwave emissivity difference vegetation index (EDVI) was estimated from satellite SSM/I measurements at the defined wavelengths and used to estimate land surface turbulent fluxes. Narrowband visible and infrared measurements and broadband solar radiation observations were used in the EDVI retrievals and turbulent flux estimations. The EDVI values represent physical properties of crown vegetation such as vegetation water content of crown canopies. The collocated land surface turbulent and radiative fluxes were empirically linked together by the EDVI values. The EDVI values are statistically sensitive to evapotranspiration fractions (EF) with a correlation coefficient (R) greater than 0.79 under all-sky conditions. For clear skies, EDVI estimates exhibit a stronger relationship with EF than normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Furthermore, the products of EDVI and input energy (solar and photosynthetically active radiation) are statistically significantly correlated to evapotranspiration (R =0.95) and CO2 uptake flux (R =0.74), respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER supply
KW  - EVAPORATION (Meteorology)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - EDDY flux
KW  - Carbon uptake
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Microwave emissivity
KW  - Vegetation water content
N1  - Accession Number: 19597481; Min, Qilong 1; Email Address: min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu Lin, Bing 2; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, United States  2: Radiation and Aerosols Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, United States; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 100 Issue 3, p379; Subject Term: WATER supply; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: EDDY flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon uptake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evapotranspiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave emissivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation water content; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2005.10.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Showalter, Mark R.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - The Second Ring-Moon System of Uranus: Discovery and Dynamics.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/02/17/
VL  - 311
IS  - 5763
M3  - Article
SP  - 973
EP  - 977
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Deep exposures of Uranus taken with the Hubble Space Telescope reveal two small moons and two faint rings. All of them orbit outside of Uranus's previously known (main) ring system but are interior to the large, classical moons. The outer new moon, U XXVI Mab, orbits at roughly twice the radius of the main rings and shares its orbit with a dust ring. The second moon, U XXVII Cupid, orbits just interior to the satellite Belinda. A second ring falls between the orbits of Portia and Rosalind, in a region with no known source bodies. Collectively, these constitute a densely packed, rapidly varying, and possibly unstable dynamical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - URANUS (Planet)
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - URANUS (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - MOON
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 19904916; Showalter, Mark R. 1; Email Address: mshowalter@seti.org Lissauer, Jack J. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/17/2006, Vol. 311 Issue 5763, p973; Subject Term: URANUS (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: URANUS (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4883
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamada, Toshishige
T1  - Equivalent circuit model for carbon nanotube Schottky barrier: Influence of neutral polarized gas molecules.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/02/20/
VL  - 88
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 083106
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - An equivalent circuit model is proposed for the Schottky barrier at the junction between a metallic electrode and a semiconducting carbon nanotube (NT). We have applied the model to a gold-NT junction under the presence of neutral polarized NH3 molecules, and have shown that visible Schottky barrier modulation is possible for the gas densities as low as 3×1013 cm-2, which is quite feasible experimentally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 19996667; Yamada, Toshishige 1; Email Address: tyamada@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: 2/20/2006, Vol. 88 Issue 8, p083106; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2177356
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Farassat, F.
AU  - Myers, M.K.
T1  - Further comments on the paper by Zinoviev and Bies, “On acoustic radiation by a rigid object in a fluid flow”
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2006/02/21/
VL  - 290
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 538
EP  - 547
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: In this note, in response to the previous note by Zinoviev and Bies [Author''s Reply to: F. Farassat, Comments on the paper by Zinoviev and Bies “On acoustic radiation by a rigid object in a fluid flow”, Journal of Sound and Vibration 281 (2005) 1224–1237], the present authors briefly discuss the assumptions used in the acoustic analogy and its intended applications. It is pointed out that the scattering problems discussed by Zinoviev and Bies do not fall within the intended applications of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) equation. However, the FW–H equation can be used to derive an integral equation for finding scattered pressure fields. We derive this integral equation and show the validity of the equation for some of the examples of Zinoviev and Bies. We respond to the other issues brought up by these authors in their notes. We believe that Zinoviev and Bies have misinterpreted the acoustic analogy and have not applied the Curle formula and the FW–H equation correctly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND
KW  - INTEGRAL equations
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - EQUATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 19212038; Farassat, F. 1; Email Address: feri.farassat@nasa.gov Myers, M.K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 290 Issue 1/2, p538; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: INTEGRAL equations; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.07.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, C.H.
AU  - Theofylaktos, N.
AU  - Miranda, F.A.
AU  - Johnson, A.T.
AU  - Pinto, N.J.
T1  - Demonstration of logic AND device using a split-gate pentacene field effect transistor
JO  - Thin Solid Films
JF  - Thin Solid Films
Y1  - 2006/02/21/
VL  - 496
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 494
EP  - 499
SN  - 00406090
AB  - Abstract: We report on the fabrication and performance of pentacene-based split-gate field effect transistors (FETs) on doped Si/SiO2 substrates. Several transistors with split gate structures were fabricated and demonstrated AND logic functionality. The transistor’s functionality was controlled by applying either 0 or −10 V to each of the gate electrodes. When −10 V was simultaneously applied to both gates, the transistor was conductive (ON), while any other combination of gate voltages rendered the transistor highly resistive (OFF). A significant advantage of this device is that AND logic devices with multiple inputs can be built using a single pentacene channel with multiple gates. The p-type carrier mobility of charge within the pentacene active layer of these transistors was about 10−5 cm2/V-s. We attribute the low value of mobility primarily to the sharp contours of the pentacene film between the drain and the source contacts and to defects in the pentacene film. The average charge density was 1.4×1012 holes/cm2. Despite low mobility, the devices operated at lower drain-source (V DS) and gate-source (V GS) voltages as compared with previously reported pentacene based FETs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin Solid Films is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - LOGIC devices
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - AND gate
KW  - Logic
KW  - Pentacene
KW  - Split-gate
KW  - Transistor
N1  - Accession Number: 19126492; Mueller, C.H. 1; Email Address: carl.mueller@grc.nasa.gov Theofylaktos, N. 2 Miranda, F.A. 2 Johnson, A.T. 3 Pinto, N.J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Analex Corporation, Cleveland, OH 44135 (USA)  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 (USA)  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104 (USA)  4: Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico – Humacao, PR 00791 (Puerto Rico); Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 496 Issue 2, p494; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: LOGIC devices; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: AND gate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pentacene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Split-gate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transistor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.08.276
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Shpargel, Tarah
AU  - Asthana, Rajiv
T1  - A simple test to determine the effectiveness of different braze compositions for joining Ti-tubes to C/C composite plates
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2006/02/25/
VL  - 418
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 24
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: A simple tube-plate joint tensile test was implemented to compare the effectiveness of commercial brazes, namely, TiCuNi, TiCuSil, and Cu-ABA, used for bonding Ti-tubes to C–C composite plates. The three braze systems yielded different; yet, repeatable results. The Cu-ABA system proved to have about twice the load-carrying ability of the other two systems due to the fact that the bonded area between the braze material and the C–C plate was largest for this system. The orientation of the surface fiber tows also had a significant effect on load-carrying ability with tows oriented perpendicular to the tube axis displaying the highest failure loads. Increasing the process load and modifying the surface of the C–C plate by grooving out channels for the Ti-tube to nest in resulted in increased load-carrying ability for the TiCuSil and Cu-ABA systems due to increased bonded area and better penetration of the braze material into the C–C composite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAZING
KW  - COPPER alloys
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - C/C-Ti
KW  - Joining
KW  - Mechanical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 19688122; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: gmorscher@grc.nasa.gov Singh, Mrityunjay 2 Shpargel, Tarah 2 Asthana, Rajiv 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: QSS Group Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Technology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI, United States; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 418 Issue 1/2, p19; Subject Term: BRAZING; Subject Term: COPPER alloys; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: C/C-Ti; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2005.10.067
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chenyu Wei
T1  - Adhesion and reinforcement in carbon nanotube polymer composite.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/02/27/
VL  - 88
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 093108
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Temperature dependent adhesion behavior and reinforcement in carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer (polyethylene) composite is studied through molecular dynamics simulations. The interfacial shear stress through van der Waals interactions is found to increase linearly with applied tensile strains along the nanotube axis direction, until the noncovalent bonds between CNTs and molecules break successively. A lower bound value about 46 MPa is found for the shear strength at low temperatures. Direct stress-strain calculations show significant reinforcements in the composite in a wide temperature range, with ∼200% increase in the Young’s modulus when adding 6.5% volume ratio of short CNTs, and comparisons with the Halpin–Tsai formula are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ATOMIC structure
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - VAN der Waals forces
N1  - Accession Number: 20064700; Chenyu Wei 1; Email Address: cwei@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 2/27/2006, Vol. 88 Issue 9, p093108; Subject Term: ADHESION; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ATOMIC structure; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: VAN der Waals forces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2181188
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verma, Vandi
AU  - Simmons, Reid
T1  - Scalable robot fault detection and identification
JO  - Robotics & Autonomous Systems
JF  - Robotics & Autonomous Systems
Y1  - 2006/02/28/
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 191
SN  - 09218890
AB  - Abstract: Experience has shown that even carefully designed and tested robots may encounter anomalous situations. It is therefore important for robots to monitor their state so that anomalous situations may be detected in a timely manner. Robot fault diagnosis typically requires tracking a very large number of possible faults in complex non-linear dynamic systems with noisy sensors. Traditional methods either ignore the uncertainty or use linear approximations of non-linear system dynamics. Such approximations are often unrealistic, and as a result faults either go undetected or become confused with non-fault conditions. Probability theory provides a natural representation for uncertainty, but an exact Bayesian solution for the diagnosis problem is intractable. Monte Carlo approximations have demonstrated considerable success in application domains such as computer vision and robot localization and mapping. But, classical Monte Carlo methods, such as particle filters, can suffer from substantial computational complexity. This is particularly true with the presence of rare, yet important events, such as many system faults. This paper presents an algorithm that provides an approach for computationally tractable fault diagnosis. Taking advantage of structure in the domain it dynamically concentrates computation in the regions of state space that are currently most relevant without losing track of less likely states. Experiments with a dynamic simulation of a six-wheel rocker-bogie rover show a significant improvement in performance over the classical approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Robotics & Autonomous Systems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTS
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - Fault protection
KW  - Robot fault detection
KW  - Robot fault diagnosis
N1  - Accession Number: 19466121; Verma, Vandi 1; Email Address: vandi@email.arc.nasa.gov Simmons, Reid 2; Email Address: reids@ri.cmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: MS 269-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, United States  2: Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Source Info: Feb2006, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p184; Subject Term: ROBOTS; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robot fault detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robot fault diagnosis; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.robot.2005.09.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skiles, J.W.
T1  - Plant response to microwaves at 2.45GHz
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 258
EP  - 263
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The solar power satellites (SPS) concept envisions an array of satellites in Earth orbit where they will collect solar energy and beam it to Earth. One transmission method is to use microwaves at 2.45GHz. It is uncertain what the long-term effects will be of continuous microwave energy illumination of the biosphere. An experiment was done that exposed alfalfa to continuous microwave energy at 2.45GHz with intensities of 0.5–1.2mW/cm2. The hypothesis was that plants exposed to microwaves would be no different from those plants not exposed to microwaves. A tray of growing plants was illuminated with microwaves while control plants were grown behind a microwave-opaque shield. Test plants and the control plants were subjected to the same environment otherwise. The experiment was designed so that the only variable to which the test plants were subjected was microwave exposure. Precise, non-destructive measurements were taken weekly of leaf chlorophyll concentration. After 7 weeks the plants were harvested and fresh weight and dry weight were measured. Gross plant variables such as stem length and internodal distance were measured, and overall plant vigor was assessed. In all measured variables there was no difference between the control and the microwave treatment plants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - LIGHTING
N1  - Accession Number: 19768758; Skiles, J.W. 1; Email Address: Joseph.W.Skiles@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 58 Issue 5, p258; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: LIGHTING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.12.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CHAP
AU  - Grinstein, Fernando F.
AU  - Nan-Suey Liu
AU  - Oefelein, Joseph C.
T1  - Introduction: Combustion Modeling and Large Eddy Simulation: Development and Validation Needs for Gas Turbines.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
M3  - Book Chapter
SP  - 417
EP  - 417
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue including the functional issues related to systematic model validation by Joseph C. Oefelein, and the recent advances in the area of combustion modeling and large eddy simulation for gas turbine combustors.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - GAS turbines
N1  - Accession Number: 20513163; Grinstein, Fernando F. 1 Nan-Suey Liu 2 Oefelein, Joseph C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field Cleveland, Ohio  3: Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p417; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: GAS turbines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Chapter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sodano, Henry A.
AU  - Jae-Sung Bae
AU  - Inman, Daniel J.
AU  - Belvin, W. Keith
T1  - Modeling and Application of Eddy Current Damper for Suppression of Membrane Vibrations.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 541
EP  - 549
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Inflatable space-based structures have become increasingly popular over the past three decades due to their minimal deployed mass and launch volume. To facilitate packaging of the satellite in the shuttle bay, the optical or antenna surface is in many cases a thin-film membrane. Additionally, because the structure holding the membrane is a lightweight and flexible inflated device, the membrane is subjected to a variety of dynamic loadings. For the satellite to perform optimally, the membrane structure must be free of vibration. However, due to the extreme flexibility of the membrane, the choice of applicable sensing and actuation methods to suppress the vibration is limited. The present study investigates the use of an eddy current damper to passively suppress the vibration of a thin membrane. Eddy currents are induced when a nonmagnetic conductive material is subjected to a time-changing magnetic flux. As the eddy currents circulate inside the conductor they are dissipated, causing energy to be removed from the system and thus allowing the system to function as a type of viscous damper. Using this concept, the ability to generate sufficient damping forces in the extremely thin-film membranes used in space is studied. First, a theoretical model of the interaction between the eddy current damper and the membrane is developed. The model is then validated through experiments carried out at both ambient and vacuum pressures. The results show that the model can accurately predict the damping of the first mode as the distance between the magnet and membrane is varied. Furthermore, the results of the experiments performed on the membrane at vacuum conditions show the functionality of the damping mechanism in space and indicate damping levels as high as 30% of critical at ambient pressure and 25% of critical at vacuum pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - THIN films
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20513176; Sodano, Henry A. 1; Email Address: hsodano@mtu.edu Jae-Sung Bae 2; Email Address: jsbae@kier.re.kr Inman, Daniel J. 3; Email Address: dinman@vt.edu Belvin, W. Keith 4; Email Address: w.k.belvin@larc.gov; Affiliation:  1: Assistant Professor and NASA Fellow, Department of Mechanical Engineering—Engineering Mechanics, 815 R.L. Smith ME-EM Building, 1400 Townsend Drive, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931-1295  2: Senior Researcher, Wind Power/Fluid Machinery Research Center, Department of New and Renewable Energy Research, Korea Institute of Energy Research, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea  3: G. R. Goodson Professor and Director for Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 310 Durham Hall, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 -0261  4: Aerospace Engineer, Mail Stop 230, Structure Division, 4B West Taylor Street, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p541; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helenbrook, Brian T.
AU  - Atkins, H-T.
T1  - Application of p-Multigrid to Discontinuous Galerkin Formulations of the Poisson Equation.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 566
EP  - 575
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The p-multigrid is investigated as a method for solving discontinuous Galerkin (DG) formulations of the Poisson equation. Different relaxation schemes and basis sets are combined with the DG formulations to find the best performance. The damping factors of the schemes are determined using Fourier analysis for both one- and two-dimensional problems. One important finding is that the standard approach of forming the coarse p matrices separately for each level of multigrid is often unstable. To ensure stability, these matrices must be constructed from the fine grid matrices using algebraic multigrid techniques. Of the relaxation schemes, we find that the combination of Jacobi relaxation with the spectral element basis is fairly effective. The results using this combination are p sensitive in both one and two dimensions, but reasonable convergence rates can still be achieved for moderate values of p and isotropic meshes. A competitive alternative is a block Gauss-Seidel relaxation. This actually outperforms a more expensive line relaxation when the mesh is isotropic. When the mesh becomes highly anisotropic, the implicit line method and the Gauss-Seidel implicit line method are the only effective schemes. Adding the Gauss-Seidel terms to the implicit line method gives a significant improvement over the line relaxation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - FOURIER analysis
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 20513179; Helenbrook, Brian T. 1; Email Address: helenbrk@clarkson.edu Atkins, H-T. 2; Email Address: h.l.atkins@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Assistant Professor, Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5 725  2: Senior Research Scientist, Mail Stop 128, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p566; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 12 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hilburger, Mark W.
AU  - Nemeth, Michael P.
AU  - Starnes Jr., James H.
T1  - Shell Buckling Design Criteria Based on Manufacturing Imperfection Signatures.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 654
EP  - 663
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An analysis-based approach for developing shell-buckling design criteria for laminated-composite cylindrical shells that accurately account for the effects of initial geometric imperfections is presented. With this approach, measured initial geometric imperfection data from six graphite-epoxy shells are used to determine a manufacturing-process-specific imperfection signature for these shells. This imperfection signature is then used as input into nonlinear finite element analyses. The imperfection signature represents a first-approximation mean imperfection shape that is suitable for developing preliminary-design data. Comparisons of test data and analytical results obtained by using several different imperfection shapes are presented for selected shells. These shapes include the actual measured imperfection shape of the test specimens, a first-approximation mean imperfection shape, with and without plus or minus one standard deviation, and the linear-bifurcation-mode imperfection shape. In addition, buckling interaction curves for composite shells subjected to combined axial compression and torsion loading are presented that were obtained by using the various imperfection shapes in the analyses. A discussion of the nonlinear finite element analyses is also presented. Overall, the results indicate that the analysis-based approach presented for developing reliable preliminary-design criteria has the potential to provide improved, less conservative buckling-load estimates and to reduce the weight and cost of developing buckling-resistant shell structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL shells
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - TORSION
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20513189; Hilburger, Mark W. 1 Nemeth, Michael P. 2 Starnes Jr., James H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001  2: Senior Research Engineer, Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001  3: Senior Engineer, Structures and Materials Competency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p654; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL shells; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: TORSION; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katta, Viswanath R.
AU  - Takahashi, Fumiaki
AU  - Linteris, Gregory T.
T1  - Fire-suppression characteristics of CF3H in a cup burner
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 144
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 645
EP  - 661
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: A numerical investigation is performed to understand the inhibition characteristics of CF3H in a periodically oscillating methane–air jet diffusion flame formed over a cup burner. A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism having 82 species and 1510 elementary-reaction steps is used. Calculations made without adding agent yielded an oscillating flame with a flicker frequency of 11 Hz, which compared well with that obtained in the experiment. The minimum concentration of agent required for extinguishing the cup-burner flame is determined by adding CF3H to the air stream and by increasing its volume fraction gradually until the flame is completely extinguished. Addition of CF3H at volume fractions up to 10.05% did not affect the cup-burner flame temperature significantly. Extinction of a cup-burner flame took place as the base of the flame became destabilized, and the unstable flame base moved downstream in search of a new stabilization location. The predicted minimum concentrations of CF3H for extinguishing the flame obtained by (1) replacing the air with CF3H and (2) replacing the N2 in the air with CF3H are 10.1 and 19.2%, respectively. These concentrations compare favorably with the corresponding measured values of 11.7 and 20.3%, respectively. For validation, calculations are also made for the steady counterflow diffusion flames with different concentrations of CF3H in the air stream and the predicted volume fractions of agent at extinction are in good agreement with the experimental values published in the literature. Examination of the reaction rates for the cup-burner flames indicates that the reactions with fluorinated species reduce the concentration of chain-carrying radicals in the flame. The effect is stronger at the flame base than further up in the trailing part of the flame, leading to destabilization at the flame base prior to extinction in the trailing region, and yielding the observed blowoff-type extinction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAME
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - OSCILLATING chemical reactions
KW  - FLAME stability
KW  - Cup burner
KW  - Diffusion flames
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Fire suppression
KW  - Flame inhibition
KW  - Halon replacement
N1  - Accession Number: 20482934; Katta, Viswanath R. 1; Email Address: vrkatta@innssi.com Takahashi, Fumiaki 2 Linteris, Gregory T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 144 Issue 4, p645; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: OSCILLATING chemical reactions; Subject Term: FLAME stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cup burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halon replacement; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2005.09.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20482934&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murri, Gretchen B.
AU  - Schaff, Jeffery R.
T1  - Fatigue life methodology for tapered hybrid composite flexbeams
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 66
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 499
EP  - 508
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: Nonlinear-tapered flexbeam specimens from a full-size composite helicopter rotor hub flexbeam were tested under combined constant axial tension and cyclic bending loads. Two different graphite/glass hybrid configurations tested under cyclic loading failed by delamination in the tapered region. A 2-D finite element model was developed which closely approximated the flexbeam geometry, boundary conditions, and loading. The analysis results from two geometrically nonlinear finite element codes, ANSYS and ABAQUS, are presented and compared. Strain energy release rates (G) associated with simulated delamination growth in the flexbeams are presented from both codes. These results compare well with each other and suggest that the initial delamination growth from the tip of the ply-drop toward the thick region of the flexbeam is strongly mode II. The peak calculated G values were used with material characterization data to calculate fatigue life curves for comparison with test data. A curve relating maximum surface strain to number of loading cycles at delamination onset compared well with the test results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GLASS
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - CARBON
KW  - A: Polymer matrix composite
KW  - C: Delamination
KW  - Flexbeam
KW  - Fracture toughness ( B: Fatigue )
N1  - Accession Number: 19185839; Murri, Gretchen B. 1; Email Address: gretchen.b.murri@nasa.gov Schaff, Jeffery R. 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: Sikorsky Aircraft, 6900 Main Street, Stratford, CT 06601-1381, United States; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 66 Issue 3/4, p499; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: CARBON; Author-Supplied Keyword: A: Polymer matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: C: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flexbeam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture toughness ( B: Fatigue ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.06.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phillips, T. A.
AU  - Macleod, T. C.
AU  - Ho, F. D.
T1  - Modeling of a Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor NAND Gate.
JO  - Ferroelectrics
JF  - Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 333
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 181
SN  - 00150193
AB  - The modeling of a NAND gate constructed of Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MFSFETs) has been investigated. Initially, an inverter circuit was modeled using a n-channel MFSFET with positive polarization for a standard CMOS inverter n-channel transistor and a n-channel MFSFET with negative polarization for the standard CMOS inverter p-channel transistor. The MFSFETs were simulated by using a previously developed MFSFET model which utilized a partitioned ferroelectric layer. Then a 2-input NAND gate was modeled similar to the inverter gate. The data shows that it is feasible to construct a NAND gate with MFSFET transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC crystals
KW  - FERROELECTRICITY
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - Ferroelectric
KW  - model
KW  - NAND gate
KW  - transistor
N1  - Accession Number: 21524297; Phillips, T. A. 1 Macleod, T. C. 1; Email Address: todd.macleod@nasa.gov Ho, F. D. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, USA  2: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 333 Issue 1, p177; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC crystals; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; Author-Supplied Keyword: NAND gate; Author-Supplied Keyword: transistor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00150190600700758
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Catling, David C.
AU  - Wood, Stephen E.
AU  - Leovy, Conway
AU  - Montgomery, David R.
AU  - Greenberg, Harvey M.
AU  - Glein, Christopher R.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Light-toned layered deposits in Juventae Chasma, Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 181
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
EP  - 51
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We examine hypotheses for the formation of light-toned layered deposits in Juventae Chasma using a combination of data from Mars Global Surveyor''s Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA), and Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES), as well as Mars Odyssey''s Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS). We divide Juventae Chasma into geomorphic units of (i) chasm wall rock, (ii) heavily cratered hummocky terrain, (iii) a mobile and largely crater-free sand sheet on the chasm floor, (iv) light-toned layered outcrop (LLO) material, and (v) chaotic terrain. Using surface temperatures derived from THEMIS infrared data and slopes from MOLA, we derive maps of thermal inertia, which are consistent with the geomorphic units that we identify. LLO thermal inertias range from ∼400 to 850 J m−2 K−1 s−1/2. Light-toned layered outcrops are distributed over a remarkably wide elevation range () from the chasm floor to the adjacent plateau surface. Geomorphic features, the absence of small craters, and high thermal inertia show that the LLOs are composed of sedimentary rock that is eroding relatively rapidly in the present epoch. We also present evidence for exhumation of LLO material from the west wall of the chasm, within chaotic and hummocky terrains, and within a small depression in the adjacent plateau. The data imply that at least some of the LLO material was deposited long before the adjacent Hesperian plateau basalts, and that Juventae Chasma underwent, and may still be undergoing, enlargement along its west wall due to wall rock collapse, chaotic terrain evolution, and exposure and removal of LLO material. The new data allow us to reassess possible origins of the LLOs. Gypsum, one of the minerals reported elsewhere as found in Juventae Chasma LLO material, forms only at low temperatures () and thus excludes a volcanic origin. Instead, the data are consistent with either multiple occurrences of lacustrine or airfall deposition over an extended period of time prior to emplacement of Hesperian lava flows on the plateau above the chasm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - INFRARED image converters
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - surface ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 19860584; Catling, David C. 1,2; Email Address: davidc@atmos.washington.edu Wood, Stephen E. 1 Leovy, Conway 1,3 Montgomery, David R. 3 Greenberg, Harvey M. 3 Glein, Christopher R. 1 Moore, Jeffrey M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  2: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK  3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 181 Issue 1, p26; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: INFRARED image converters; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Mars ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19860584&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciesla, Fred J.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
T1  - The evolution of the water distribution in a viscous protoplanetary disk
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 181
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 178
EP  - 204
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Astronomical observations have shown that protoplanetary disks are dynamic objects through which mass is transported and accreted by the central star. This transport causes the disks to decrease in mass and cool over time, and such evolution is expected to have occurred in our own solar nebula. Age dating of meteorite constituents shows that their creation, evolution, and accumulation occupied several Myr, and over this time disk properties would evolve significantly. Moreover, on this timescale, solid particles decouple from the gas in the disk and their evolution follows a different path. It is in this context that we must understand how our own solar nebula evolved and what effects this evolution had on the primitive materials contained within it. Here we present a model which tracks how the distribution of water changes in an evolving disk as the water-bearing species experience condensation, accretion, transport, collisional destruction, and vaporization. Because solids are transported in a disk at different rates depending on their sizes, the motions will lead to water being concentrated in some regions of a disk and depleted in others. These enhancements and depletions are consistent with the conditions needed to explain some aspects of the chemistry of chondritic meteorites and formation of giant planets. The levels of concentration and depletion, as well as their locations, depend strongly on the combined effects of the gaseous disk evolution, the formation of rapidly migrating rubble, and the growth of immobile planetesimals. Understanding how these processes operate simultaneously is critical to developing our models for meteorite parent body formation in the Solar System and giant planet formation throughout the galaxy. We present examples of evolution under a range of plausible assumptions and demonstrate how the chemical evolution of the inner region of a protoplanetary disk is intimately connected to the physical processes which occur in the outer regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - Cosmochemistry
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Planetary formation
KW  - Solar nebula
KW  - Solar System ( Origin )
N1  - Accession Number: 19860592; Ciesla, Fred J.; Email Address: ciesla@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 181 Issue 1, p178; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar System ( Origin ); Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.11.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19860592&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burr, Devon M.
AU  - Emery, Joshua P.
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph D.
AU  - Collins, Geoffrey C.
AU  - Carling, Paul A.
T1  - Sediment transport by liquid surficial flow: Application to Titan
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 181
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 235
EP  - 242
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Sediment transport by surficial flow likely occurs on Titan. Titan is thought to have a volatile cycle, such as on Earth and likely in the past on Mars, which would entail surficial liquid flow. And surficial flow is implied in interpretations of Cassini–Hyugens data as showing fluvial channels, which would require sediment transport by surficial flow to form the observable features. We present calculations from basic hydraulic formulae of sediment entrainment and transport by surficial flow. First, we describe the conditions for (non-cohesive) sediment entrainment by grain size through use of the Shields'' threshold curve. We then calculate settling velocities by grain size to describe the type of sediment transport—washload, suspended load, or bedload—that would follow entrainment. These calculations allow derivation of required flow depths for sediment transport by grain size over a given slope. A technique to estimate required flow velocities and unit discharges is also presented. We show the results of these calculations for organic and water ice sediment movement by liquid methane flow under Titan gravity. For comparative purposes, plots for movement of quartz sediment by water on Earth and basalt sediment by water on Mars are also included. These results indicate that (non-cohesive) material would move more easily on Titan than on Earth or Mars. Terrestrial field observations suggest that coarse grain transport is enhanced by hyperconcentration of fine-grained sediment; and the apparent availability of organic (fine grained) sediment on Titan, in conjunction with the possibility of convection-driven rainstorms, may lead to hyperconcentrated flows. Thus, significant sediment transport may occur on Titan during individual overland flow events. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEDIMENT transport
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - planets ( Surfaces )
KW  - satellite ( Surfaces )
KW  - Satellites of Saturn
KW  - surface ( Mars )
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 19860596; Burr, Devon M. 1; Email Address: dburr@seti.org Emery, Joshua P. 2 Lorenz, Ralph D. 3 Collins, Geoffrey C. 4 Carling, Paul A. 5; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Rd., Mt. View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Physics and Astronomy Department, Wheaton College, Norton, MA 02766, USA  5: School of Geography, Highfield University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 181 Issue 1, p235; Subject Term: SEDIMENT transport; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets ( Surfaces ); Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite ( Surfaces ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484220 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484230 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.11.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19860596&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernstein, Max P.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - Near-infrared spectra of laboratory H2O–CH4 ice mixtures
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 181
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 302
EP  - 308
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present 1.25–19 μm infrared spectra of pure solid CH4 and H2O/CH4=87, 20, and 3 solid mixtures at temperatures from 15 to 150 K. We compare and contrast the absorptions of CH4 in solid H2O with those of pure CH4. Changes in selected peak positions, profiles, and relative strength with temperature are presented, and absolute strengths for absorptions of CH4 in solid H2O are estimated. Using the two largest () and () near-IR absorptions of CH4 at 2.324 and 2.377 μm (4303 and 4207 cm−1), respectively, as examples, we show that peaks of CH4 in solid H2O are at slightly shorter wavelength (higher frequency) and broader than those of pure solid CH4. With increasing temperature, these peaks shift to higher frequency and become increasingly broad, but this trend is reversible on re-cooling, even though the phase transitions of H2O are irreversible. It is to be hoped that these observations of changes in the positions, profiles, and relative intensities of CH4 absorptions with concentration and temperature will be of use in understanding spectra of icy outer Solar System bodies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Ices
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - planets ( Surfaces )
KW  - satellites ( Surfaces )
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 19860602; Bernstein, Max P.; Email Address: mbernstein@mail.arc.nasa.gov Cruikshank, Dale P. 1 Sandford, Scott A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 181 Issue 1, p302; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets ( Surfaces ); Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Surfaces ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jeongho Cho
AU  - Principe, Jose C.
AU  - Erdogmus, Deniz
AU  - Mark A.T Motter
T1  - Modeling and Inverse Controller Design for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on the Self-Organizing Map.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 459
SN  - 10459227
AB  - The next generation of aircraft will have dynamics that vary considerably over the operating regime. A single controller will have difficulty to meet the design specifications. In this paper, a self-organizing map (SOM)-based local linear modeling scheme of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is developed to design a set of inverse controllers. The SOM selects the operating regime depending only on the embedded output space information and avoids normalization of the input data. Each local linear model is associated with a linear controller, which is easy to design. Switching of the controllers is done synchronously with the active local linear model that tracks the different operating conditions. The proposed multiple modeling and control strategy has been successfully tested in a simulator that models the LoFLYTE UAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC controllers
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - SELF-organizing maps
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - SPACE cabin simulators
KW  - Inverse controller
KW  - local linear model
KW  - multiple models
KW  - self-organizing map (SOM)
N1  - Accession Number: 20565359; Jeongho Cho 1; Email Address: jeongho@cnel.ufl.edu Principe, Jose C. 1; Email Address: principe@cnel.ufl.edu Erdogmus, Deniz 2; Email Address: derdogmus@ieee.org Mark A.T Motter 3; Email Address: m.a.motter@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational NeuroEngineering Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA  2: Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA  3: Electronic System Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p445; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC controllers; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: SELF-organizing maps; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: SPACE cabin simulators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse controller; Author-Supplied Keyword: local linear model; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple models; Author-Supplied Keyword: self-organizing map (SOM); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TTN.2005.863422
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stetter, Joseph R.
AU  - Hesketh, Peter J.
AU  - Hunter, Gary W.
T1  - Sensors: Engineering Structures and Materials from Micro to Nano.
JO  - Interface
JF  - Interface
Y1  - 2006///Spring2006
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 69
SN  - 10648208
AB  - The article focuses on sensors, the devices that produce a change in output to an input stimulus. Sensors are transducers which are divided into three major categories: the physical sensors, chemical sensors, and biosensor. There are also six classes of sensors according to their transduced energy. These are optical, mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electronic, and electrochemical sensors. Newer sensors are built through microfabrication techniques to produce a range of microsensor platforms.
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors
KW  - OPTICAL detectors
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
N1  - Accession Number: 20590434; Stetter, Joseph R. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: joseph.stetter@sri.com Hesketh, Peter J. 5; Email Address: peter.hesketh@me.gatech.edu Hunter, Gary W. 6; Email Address: gary.w.hunter@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Director, MicroSystems Innovation Center, Physical Sciences Division, Illinois Institute of Technology  2: Full Professor, Chemistry Division, Illinois Institute of Technology  3: Director, Sensor Research Group, Illinois Institute of Technology  4: President of Transducer Technology, Inc.  5: Professor of Mechanical Engineering, George Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology  6: Technical Lead, Chemical Species Gas Sensors Team and Intelligent Systems Hardware Lead, Sensors and Electronics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Spring2006, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p66; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors; Subject Term: OPTICAL detectors; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Spuckler, Charles M.
AU  - Martin, Richard E.
T1  - Monitoring Delamination Progression in Thermal Barrier Coatings by Mid-Infrared Reflectance Imaging.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 94
EP  - 104
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Mid-infrared (MIR) reflectance imaging is shown to be a reliable diagnostic tool for monitoring delamination progression in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). MIR reflectance imaging utilizes the maximum transparency of TBCs in the 3–6 μm wavelength region to probe below-surface delamination crack propagation that is typically hidden from visible wavelength inspection. The image contrast that identifies delamination progression arises from the increased reflectance produced by a large component of total internal reflection at the TBC/buried-crack interface. Imaging was performed at a wavelength of 4 μm to take advantage of the relatively high transmittance of plasma-sprayed 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) TBCs along with a desirable relative insensitivity to potentially interfering absorptions by atmospheric constituents at that wavelength. A key advantage of MIR reflectance imaging over competing techniques is that it is sensitive to delamination progression even at very early stages before delamination cracks start linking together; therefore, TBC health assessment can be achieved throughout the life of the TBC well before TBC failure is imminent. Examples are presented to demonstrate monitoring delamination progression by MIR reflectance imaging in 8YSZ TBC-coated specimens subjected to furnace cycling to 1163°C. The experimental results were in good agreement with reflectance values predicted by a four-flux Kulbelka–Munk approximation applied to the extreme cases of a completely adherent and a completely detached TBC. Practical considerations, including potential interfering effects from surface contamination, sintering, and erosion are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 20377560; Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.i.eldridge@nasa.gov Spuckler, Charles M. 1 Martin, Richard E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Cleveland State University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44115; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p94; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2006.02067.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
T1  - Classical Wing Theory and the Downward Velocity of Vortex Wakes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 381
EP  - 385
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Classical wing theory is extended downstream from a flat vortex sheet to include vortex-wake configurations that can be considered as fully rolled up into a vortex pair. Classical wing theory was chosen as the method to be used because it is based on the flux of downward momentum imparted to the ambient flow field by the lift on a wing. After the theory is reviewed to establish the theoretical process used to analyze vortex wakes, it is extended to the configuration of lift-generated wakes that occur after roll-up of the vortex sheet, and that are composed of a vortex pair inside of an oval-shaped region that propagates downward as a unit. The distribution of downward momentum inside the oval, and in the surrounding fluid, found for the rolled-up vortex pair is then applied to vortex wakes as they undergo instabilities that lead to their decomposition and dispersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 20890513; Rossow, Vernon J. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p381; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - Bryant, Elaine M.
AU  - Barlow, Jewel B.
T1  - Free-to-Roll Investigation of the Preproduction F/A-18E Powered-Approach Wing Drop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 466
EP  - 470
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A free-to-roll study of the low-speed lateral characteristics of the preproduction F/A-18E was conducted in the NASA Langley 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel, In developmental bight tests the F/A-18E unexpectedly experienced uncommanded lateral motions in the power-approach configuration. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using the free-to-roll technique for the detection of uncommanded lateral motions for the preproduction F/A-18E in the power-approach configuration. The data revealed that this technique in conjunction with static data revealed insight into the cause of the lateral motions. The free-to-roll technique identified uncommanded lateral motions at the same angle-of-attack range as experienced in flight tests. The cause of the uncommanded lateral motions was unsteady asymmetric wing stall. The paper also shows that free-to-roll data or static force and moment data alone are not enough to accurately predict and characterize uncommanded lateral motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
N1  - Accession Number: 20890524; Owens, D. Bruce 1,2 Bryant, Elaine M. 3,4 Barlow, Jewel B. 5,6,7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Fellow, AIAA  3: U.S. Air Force/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742  4: Member, AIAA  5: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742  6: Director, Glenn L. Martin Wind Tunnel, Aerospace Engineering  7: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p466; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baker, Donald J.
T1  - Response of Damaged and Undamaged Tailored Extension-Shear-Coupled Composite Panels.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/03//Mar/Apr2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 517
EP  - 527
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The results of an analytical and experimental investigation of the response of composite I-stiffener panels with extension-shear coupling are presented. This tailored concept, when used in the panel cover skins of a tiltrotor aircraft wing, has the potential for increasing the aeroelastic stability margins and improving the aircraft productivity. The extension-shear coupling is achieved by using unbalanced ±45-deg plies in the skin. Experimental and STAGS analysis results are compared for eight I-stiffener panel specimens. The results indicate that the tailored concept would be feasible to use in the wing skin of a tiltrotor aircraft, Evaluation of specimens impacted at an energy level of 500 in.-lb indicate a minimal loss in stiffness and less than 30% loss in strength. Evaluation of specimens with severed center stiffener and adjacent skin indicated a strength loss in excess of 60%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - COUPLINGS (Gearing)
KW  - TILT rotor aircraft
KW  - VERTICALLY rising aircraft
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 20890529; Baker, Donald J. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Engineer, Mechanics and Durability Branch, Vehicle Technology Directorate--ARL; Source Info: Mar/Apr2006, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p517; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: COUPLINGS (Gearing); Subject Term: TILT rotor aircraft; Subject Term: VERTICALLY rising aircraft; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 18 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 22 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Yen
AU  - Vinokur, Marcel
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
T1  - Spectral (finite) volume method for conservation laws on unstructured grids V: Extension to three-dimensional systems
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 212
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 454
EP  - 472
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, the fifth in a series, the high-order spectral finite-volume, or spectral volume (SV) method for unstructured grids is extended to three dimensions. Limitations of conventional structured and unstructured methods are first reviewed. The spectral finite-volume method for generalized conservation laws is then described. It is shown that if all grid cells are partitioned into structured sub-cells in a similar manner, the discretizations become universal, and are reduced to the same weighted sum of unknowns involving just a few simple adds and multiplies. Important aspects of the data structure and its effects on communication and the optimum use of cache memory are discussed. Previously defined one-parameter partitions of the SV in 2D are extended to multiple parameters and then used to construct 3D partitions. Numerical solutions of plane electromagnetic waves incident on perfectly conducting circular cylinders and spheres are presented and compared with the exact solution to demonstrate the capability of the method. Excellent agreement has been found. Computation timings show that the new method is more efficient than conventional structured and unstructured methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MAXWELL equations
KW  - COMPUTER storage devices
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - 3D Systems of conservation laws
KW  - 65M60
KW  - 65M70
KW  - High-order
KW  - Maxwell equations
KW  - Spectral volume
KW  - Unstructured grid
N1  - Accession Number: 19062747; Liu, Yen 1; Email Address: yen.liu@nasa.gov Vinokur, Marcel 2 Wang, Z.J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Eloret Corp., Sunnyvale, CA 94087, United States  3: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 212 Issue 2, p454; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MAXWELL equations; Subject Term: COMPUTER storage devices; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3D Systems of conservation laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M60; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M70; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maxwell equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unstructured grid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2003.09.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choongho Yu
AU  - Saha, Sanjoy
AU  - Jianhua Zhou
AU  - Li Shi
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
AU  - Quoc Ngo
AU  - Jun Li
T1  - Thermal Contact Resistance and Thermal Conductivity of a Carbon Nanofiber.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 128
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 234
EP  - 239
SN  - 00221481
AB  - We have measured the thermal resistance of a 152-nm-diameter carbon nanofiber before and after a platinum layer was deposited on the contacts between the nanofiber and the measurement device. The contact resistance was reduced by the platinum coating for about 9-13% of the total thermal resistance of the nanofiber sample before the platinum coating. At a temperature of 300 K, the axial thermal conductivity of the carbon nanofiber is about three times smaller than that of graphite fibers grown by pyrolysis of natural gas prior to high-temperature heat treatment, and increases with temperature in the temperature range between 150 K and 310 K. The phonon mean free path was found to be about 1.5 nm and approximately temperature-independent. This feature and the absence of a peak in the thermal conductivity curve indicate that phonon-boundary and phonon-defect scattering dominate over phonon-phonon Umklapp scattering for the temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Heat Transfer is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - PLATINUM
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMAL conductivity measurement
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - contact resistance
KW  - nanofiber
KW  - nanoscale contact
KW  - phonon scattering
KW  - platinum coating
KW  - thermal conductivity
KW  - thermal constriction resistance
KW  - uncertainty analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 20488994; Choongho Yu 1,2 Saha, Sanjoy 1 Jianhua Zhou 1 Li Shi 1; Email Address: lishi@mail.utexas.edu Cassell, Alan M. 3 Cruden, Brett A. 3 Quoc Ngo 3 Jun Li 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712  2: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720  3: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 128 Issue 3, p234; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: PLATINUM; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity measurement; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: contact resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanofiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoscale contact; Author-Supplied Keyword: phonon scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: platinum coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal constriction resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2150833
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Predoi-Cross, Adriana
AU  - Hambrook, Kyle
AU  - Brawley-Tremblay, Shannon
AU  - Bouanich, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - Room-temperature broadening and pressure-shift coefficients in the ν 2 band of CH3D–O2: Measurements and semi-classical calculations
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 236
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 90
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Abstract: We report measured Lorentz O2-broadening and O2-induced pressure-shift coefficients of CH3D in the ν 2 fundamental band. Using a multispectrum fitting technique we have analyzed 11 laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.011cm−1 resolution using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer, Kitt Peak, Arizona. Two absorption cells with path lengths of 10.2 and 25cm were used to record the spectra. The total sample pressures ranged from 0.98 to 339.85Torr with CH3D volume mixing ratios of 0.012 in oxygen. We report measurements for O2 pressure-broadening coefficients of 320 ν 2 transitions with quantum numbers as high as J″=17 and K =14, where K″= K′≡ K (for a parallel band). The measured O2-broadening coefficients range from 0.0153 to 0.0645cm−1 atm−1 at 296K. All the measured pressure-shifts are negative. The reported O2-induced pressure-shift coefficients vary from about −0.0017 to −0.0068cm−1 atm−1. We have examined the dependence of the measured broadening and shift parameters on the J″, and K quantum numbers and also developed empirical expressions to describe the broadening coefficients in terms of m (m =−J″, J″, and J″+1in the  Q  P-,  Q  Q-, and  Q  R-branch, respectively) and K. On average, the empirical expressions reproduce the measured broadening coefficients to within 4.4%. The O2-broadening and pressure shift coefficients were calculated on the basis of a semiclassical model of interacting linear molecules performed by considering in addition to the electrostatic contributions the atom–atom Lennard-Jones potential. The theoretical results of the broadening coefficients are generally larger than the experimental data. Using for the trajectory model an isotropic Lennard-Jones potential derived from molecular parameters instead of the spherical average of the atom–atom model, a better agreement is obtained with these data, especially for |m|⩽12 values (11.3% for the first calculation and 8.1% for the second calculation). The O2-pressure shifts whose vibrational contribution are either derived from parameters fitted in the  Q  Q-branch of self-induced shifts of CH3D or those obtained from pressure shifts induced by Xe in the ν 3 band of CH3D are in reasonable agreement with the scattered experimental data (17.0% for the first calculation and 18.7% for the second calculation). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - QUALITATIVE chemical analysis
KW  - CH3D
KW  - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Monodeuterated methane
KW  - O2-broadening
KW  - Semi-classical calculation
KW  - Spectral lineshape
N1  - Accession Number: 20028337; Predoi-Cross, Adriana 1; Email Address: Adriana.predoicross@uleth.ca Hambrook, Kyle 1 Brawley-Tremblay, Shannon 1 Bouanich, Jean-Pierre 2 Devi, V. Malathy 3 Smith, Mary Ann H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alta., Canada T1K 3M4  2: Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR3361, Université de Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 350, F-91405 Orsay, France  3: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 236 Issue 1, p75; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE chemical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH3D; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monodeuterated methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: O2-broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-classical calculation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral lineshape; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2005.12.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lane, John E.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Haskell, William D.
AU  - Cox, Robert B.
T1  - A hail size distribution impact transducer.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 119
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - EL47
EP  - EL53
SN  - 00014966
AB  - An active impact transducer has been designed and tested for the purpose of monitoring hail fall in the vicinity of the Space Shuttle launch pads. An important outcome of this design is the opportunity to utilize frequency analysis to discriminate between the audio signal generated from raindrop impacts and that of hailstone impacts. The sound of hail impacting a metal plate is subtly but distinctly different from the sound of rain impacts. This useful characteristic permits application of signal processing algorithms that are inherently more robust than techniques relying on amplitude processing alone in the implementation of a hail disdrometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - SIGNALS & signaling
KW  - RAINDROPS
KW  - SOUND
N1  - Accession Number: 19897039; Lane, John E. 1; Email Address: John.Lane-1@ksc.nasa.gov Youngquist, Robert C. 2; Email Address: Robert.C.Youngquist@nasa.gov Haskell, William D. 1; Email Address: William.Haskell-1@ksc.nasa.gov Cox, Robert B. 1; Email Address: Robert.Cox-1@ksc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 21087, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32815  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 119 Issue 3, pEL47; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: SIGNALS & signaling; Subject Term: RAINDROPS; Subject Term: SOUND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2166947
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19897039&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharon, Tarah M.
AU  - Albrecht, Bruce A.
AU  - Jonsson, Haflidi H.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Khaiyer, Mandana M.
AU  - van Reken, Timothy M.
AU  - Seinfeld, John
AU  - Flagan, Rick
T1  - Aerosol and Cloud Microphysical Characteristics of Rifts and Gradients in Maritime Stratocumulus Clouds.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 63
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 983
EP  - 997
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - A cloud rift is characterized as a large-scale, persistent area of broken, low-reflectivity stratocumulus clouds usually surrounded by a solid deck of stratocumulus. A rift observed off the coast of California was investigated using an instrumented aircraft to compare the aerosol, cloud microphysical, and thermodynamic properties in the rift with those of the surrounding solid stratocumulus deck. The microphysical characteristics in the solid stratocumulus deck differ substantially from those of a broken, cellular rift where cloud droplet concentrations are a factor of 2 lower than those in the solid cloud. Furthermore, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations were found to be about 3 times greater in the solid-cloud area compared with those in the rift. Although drizzle was observed near cloud top in parts of the solid stratocumulus cloud, the largest drizzle rates were associated with the broken clouds within the rift area and with extremely large effective droplet sizes retrieved from satellite data. Minimal thermodynamic differences between the rift and solid cloud deck were observed. In addition to marked differences in particle concentrations, evidence of a mesoscale circulation near the solid cloud–rift boundary is presented. This mesoscale circulation may provide a mechanism for maintaining a rift, but further study is required to understand the initiation of a rift and the conditions that may cause it to fill. A review of results from previous studies indicates similar microphysical characteristics in rift features sampled serendipitously. These observations indicate that cloud rifts are depleted of aerosols through the cleansing associated with drizzle and are a manifestation of natural processes occurring in marine stratocumulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - STRUCTURAL geology
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - RIFTS (Geology)
KW  - CALIFORNIA Coastal Trail (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 20394416; Sharon, Tarah M. 1 Albrecht, Bruce A. 1; Email Address: balbrecht@rsmas.miami.edu Jonsson, Haflidi H. 2 Minnis, Patrick 3 Khaiyer, Mandana M. 4 van Reken, Timothy M. 5 Seinfeld, John 6 Flagan, Rick 6; Affiliation:  1: Division of Meteorology and Physical Oceanography, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149  2: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft Studies, Marina, California  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: AS&M, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 63 Issue 3, p983; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL geology; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: RIFTS (Geology); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA Coastal Trail (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 12 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barr, Philip
AU  - Zaman, Afroz
AU  - Miranda, Félix
T1  - A compact, broadband antenna for planetary surface-to-surface wireless communications.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 521
EP  - 524
SN  - 08952477
AB  - The compact microstrip monopole antenna (CMMA) is a novel antenna design that combines a microstrip patch antenna with a 3D structure to attain a highly directive, broadband, compact antenna. A tri-lobed patch (TLP) is designed to minimize the patch's area while reducing the antenna's operating frequency. A grounding wall (GW) connects the patch to the ground plane and a vertical-enclosure wall (VEW) extends up, away from portions of the patch's perimeter. This VEW supplies the antenna with a higher directivity in the radial direction and also reduces the operating frequency. The CMMA was designed to operate at 2.23 GHz, but experimental results have shown this antenna resonates at 2.05 GHz which is on the order of approximately λ0/11.6 with respect to the antenna's largest dimension, with a directivity and bandwidth of 6.0 dBi and 130 MHz (6.3%), respectively. This miniature, radially emitting antenna makes the CMMA attractive for planetary-based surface-to-surface communications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 521–524, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21397 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - broadband antennas
KW  - compact
KW  - planetary surface-to-surface communications
KW  - tri-lobed patch
N1  - Accession Number: 19625863; Barr, Philip 1 Zaman, Afroz 1 Miranda, Félix 1; Affiliation:  1: Antenna, Microwave, and Optical Systems Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p521; Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Author-Supplied Keyword: broadband antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: compact; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary surface-to-surface communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: tri-lobed patch; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.21397
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19625863&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Van Selst, Mark
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - Remington, Roger
T1  - How does practice reduce dual-task interference: Integration, automatization, or just stage-shortening?
JO  - Psychological Research
JF  - Psychological Research
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 70
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 142
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03400727
AB  - The present study assessed three hypotheses of how practice reduces dual-task interference: Practice teaches participants to efficiently integrate performance of a task pair; practice promotes automatization of individual tasks, allowing the central bottleneck to be bypassed; practice leaves the bottleneck intact but shorter in duration. These hypotheses were tested in two transfer-of-training experiments. Participants received one of three training types (Task 1 only, or Task 2 only, or dual-task), followed by dual-task test sessions. Practice effects in Experiment 1 (Task 1: auditory–vocal; Task 2: visual–manual) were fully explained by the intact bottleneck hypothesis, without task integration or automatization. This hypothesis also accounted well for the majority of participants when the task order was reversed (Experiment 2). In this case, however, there were multiple indicators that several participants had succeeded in eliminating the bottleneck by automatizing one or both tasks. Neither experiment provided any evidence that practice promotes efficient task integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TASKS
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
KW  - TEACHERS
KW  - TRAINING
KW  - WORK
N1  - Accession Number: 20900059; Ruthruff, Eric 1; Email Address: eruthruff@mail.arc.nasa.gov Van Selst, Mark 2 Johnston, James C. 1 Remington, Roger 1; Affiliation:  1: MS 262-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Psychology, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 70 Issue 2, p125; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Subject Term: TEACHERS; Subject Term: TRAINING; Subject Term: WORK; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00426-004-0192-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castellano, Tim
T1  - Software Review.
JO  - Scientific Programming
JF  - Scientific Programming
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 44
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10589244
AB  - The article reviews the computer software Starry Night Pro5 Software developed by Imaginova Canada Ltd.
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - IMAGINOVA Canada Ltd.
N1  - Accession Number: 22308849; Castellano, Tim 1; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Branch, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p43; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Company/Entity: IMAGINOVA Canada Ltd.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.
AU  - Crooker, N. U.
AU  - Balogh, A.
AU  - Bothmer, V.
AU  - Forsyth, R. J.
AU  - Gazis, P.
AU  - Gosling, J. T.
AU  - Horbury, T.
AU  - Kilchenmann, A.
AU  - Richardson, I. G.
AU  - Richardson, J. D.
AU  - Riley, P.
AU  - Rodriguez, L.
AU  - Von Steiger, R.
AU  - Wurz, P.
AU  - Zurbuchen, T. H.
T1  - Understanding Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection Signatures.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 123
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 216
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - While interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are understood to be the heliospheric counterparts of CMEs, with signatures undeniably linked to the CME process, the variability of these signatures and questions about mapping to observed CME features raise issues that remain on the cutting edge of ICME research. These issues are discussed in the context of traditional understanding, and recent results using innovative analysis techniques are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CORONAL mass ejections
KW  - INTERPLANETARY magnetic fields
KW  - HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics)
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - SOLAR corona
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - coronal mass ejections
KW  - interplanetary physics
KW  - solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 23262377; Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. 1; Email Address: wimmer@physik.uni-kiel.de Crooker, N. U. 2 Balogh, A. 3 Bothmer, V. 4 Forsyth, R. J. 3 Gazis, P. 5 Gosling, J. T. 6 Horbury, T. 3 Kilchenmann, A. 7 Richardson, I. G. 8 Richardson, J. D. 9 Riley, P. 10 Rodriguez, L. 4 Von Steiger, R. 7 Wurz, P. 11 Zurbuchen, T. H. 12; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Extraterrestrische Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universityät zu Kiel, Germany  2: Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA  3: The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, United Kingdom  4: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Lindau, Germany  5: San Jose State University Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  6: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physicsm University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  7: International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland  8: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  9: Massachusets Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA  10: Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA  11: Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Switzerland  12: Dept. of Atmosph., Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 123 Issue 1-3, p177; Subject Term: CORONAL mass ejections; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY magnetic fields; Subject Term: HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: SOLAR corona; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: coronal mass ejections; Author-Supplied Keyword: interplanetary physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar wind; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-006-9017-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23262377&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gazis, P. R.
AU  - Balogh, A.
AU  - Dalla, S.
AU  - Decker, R.
AU  - Heber, B.
AU  - Horbury, T.
AU  - Kilchenmann, A.
AU  - Kota, J.
AU  - Kucharek, H.
AU  - Kunow, H.
AU  - Lario, D.
AU  - Potgieter, M. S.
AU  - Richardson, J. D.
AU  - Riley, P.
AU  - Rodriguez, L.
AU  - Siscoe, G.
AU  - Von Steiger, R.
T1  - ICMEs at High Latitudes and in the Outer Heliosphere.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2006/03//
VL  - 123
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
EP  - 451
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) propagate into the outer heliosphere, where they can have a significant effect on the structure, evolution, and morphology of the solar wind, particularly during times of high solar activity. They are known to play an important role in cosmic ray modulation and the acceleration of energetic particles. ICMEs are also believed to be associated with the large global transient events that swept through the heliosphere during the declining phases of solar cycles 21 and 22. But until recently, little was known about the actual behavior of ICMEs at large heliographic latitudes and large distances from the Sun. Over the past decade, the Ulysses spacecraft has provided in situ observations of ICMEs at moderate heliographic distances over a broad range of heliographic latitudes. More recently, observations of alpha particle enhancements, proton temperature depressions, and magnetic clouds at the Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft have begun to provide comparable information regarding the behavior of ICMEs at extremely large heliocentric distances. At the same time, advances in modeling have provided new insights into the dynamics and evolution of ICMEs and their effects on cosmic rays and energetic particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CORONAL mass ejections
KW  - COSMIC ray variations
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics)
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - EQUATOR
KW  - coronal mass ejections
KW  - ICMEs
KW  - outer heliosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 23262378; Gazis, P. R. 1; Email Address: pgazis@mail.arc.nasa.gov Balogh, A. 2 Dalla, S. 3 Decker, R. 4 Heber, B. 5 Horbury, T. 2 Kilchenmann, A. 6 Kota, J. 7 Kucharek, H. 8 Kunow, H. 5 Lario, D. 9 Potgieter, M. S. 9 Richardson, J. D. 10 Riley, P. 11 Rodriguez, L. 12 Siscoe, G. 13 Von Steiger, R. 6; Affiliation:  1: SJSU Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Imperial College, London, England  3: University of Manchester, Manchester, England  4: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Lab, Laurel, MD, USA  5: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany  6: International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland  7: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  8: University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA  9: Potchefstroom University, Potchefstroom, South Africa  10: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Space Research, Cambridge, MA, USA  11: Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA  12: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  13: Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 123 Issue 1-3, p417; Subject Term: CORONAL mass ejections; Subject Term: COSMIC ray variations; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics); Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: EQUATOR; Author-Supplied Keyword: coronal mass ejections; Author-Supplied Keyword: ICMEs; Author-Supplied Keyword: outer heliosphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 35p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-006-9023-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Generazio, Ed
T1  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Nondestructive Evaluation Program for Safe and Reliable Operations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/06/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 21
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Program is presented. As a result of the loss of seven astronauts and the Space Shuttle Columbia on February 1, 2003, NASA has undergone many changes in its organization. NDE is one of the key areas that are recognized by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) that needed to be strengthened by warranting NDE as a discipline with Independent Technical Authority (iTA). The current NASA NDE system and activities are presented including the latest developments in inspection technologies being applied to the Space Transportation System (STS). The unfolding trends and directions in NDE for the future are discussed as they apply to assuring safe and reliable operations. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - ENGINEERING inspection
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - ORGANIZATIONAL change
KW  - nondestructive evaluation
KW  - nondestructive inspection
KW  - nondestructive testing
KW  - on-orbit
KW  - quality assurance
KW  - space shuttle
KW  - space station
KW  - warrant
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 20065015; Generazio, Ed 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: ENGINEERING inspection; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: ORGANIZATIONAL change; Author-Supplied Keyword: nondestructive evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: nondestructive inspection; Author-Supplied Keyword: nondestructive testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: on-orbit; Author-Supplied Keyword: quality assurance; Author-Supplied Keyword: space shuttle; Author-Supplied Keyword: space station; Author-Supplied Keyword: warrant; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 15 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2184507
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Melapudi, Vikram R.
AU  - Udpa, Lalita
AU  - Udpa, Satish S.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - Ray-Rracing Model for Terahertz Imaging of SOFI Inspection.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/06/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 477
EP  - 483
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Significant advances made in the field of Terahertz Imaging have captured the attention of many applications including industrial NDE, biomedical imaging and homeland security. The NASA spray on foam insulation (SOFI) inspection is one such critical application were Terahertz imaging is used to detect disbonds and delamination between SOFI and the substrate metal (external tank). This paper discusses modeling aspects of the high frequency inspection system. The feasibility of using a simple ray-tracing model is studied. The efficiency of the model is demonstrated by comparing the model prediction with experimental measurements and further using it in an iterative inverse problem scheme for defect reconstruction. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - ENGINEERING inspection
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - INVERSE problems (Differential equations)
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - Iterative Inversion
KW  - Ray tracing model
KW  - SOFI Inspection
KW  - Terahertz Imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 20064957; Melapudi, Vikram R. 1 Udpa, Lalita 1 Udpa, Satish S. 1 Winfree, William P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NDEL, ECE, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p477; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: ENGINEERING inspection; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: INVERSE problems (Differential equations); Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Iterative Inversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ray tracing model; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFI Inspection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz Imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2184566
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chien-Ping Chiou
AU  - Thompson, R. Bruce
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
AU  - Seebo, Jeffrey
T1  - Modeling and Processing of Terahertz Imaging in Space Shuttle External Tank Foam Inspection.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/06/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 484
EP  - 491
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Recently, terahertz ray (T-ray) imaging emerged as one of the most promising techniques to inspect the space shuttle external tank foam insulation. This paper demonstrates the application of state-of-the-art computer processing and modeling technologies to assist in further refinement of this new technology. The current protocol of T-ray inspection and its limitations are first reviewed. New strategies of using signal processing and modeling are then proposed to improve on the flaw detection. Preliminary results are presented on a series of multi-dimensional signal processing operations of T-ray signals. The use of models and their comparisons with experimental data from foam samples are also included. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ENGINEERING inspection
KW  - space shuttle foam insulation
KW  - T-ray modeling
KW  - T-ray signal processing
KW  - Terahertz imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 20064956; Chien-Ping Chiou 1 Thompson, R. Bruce 1 Winfree, William P. 2 Madaras, Eric I. 2 Seebo, Jeffrey 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Lockheed Martin, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p484; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ENGINEERING inspection; Author-Supplied Keyword: space shuttle foam insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: T-ray modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: T-ray signal processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2184567
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nair, Naveen V.
AU  - Melapudi, Vikram R.
AU  - Vemulapalli, Pramod
AU  - Ramakrishnan, Sridhar
AU  - Udpa, Lalita
AU  - Udpa, Satish S.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - A Wavelet Based Signal Processing Technique for Image Enhancement in Terahertz Imaging Data.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/06/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 492
EP  - 499
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Terahertz imaging is a relatively new technique for sub-surface imaging using radiations in the spectral range between 0.1 to 10 THz. The technique has been used to image artificially induced inserts simulating disbonds in metal-foam interfaces and has shown significant promise as a possible non destructive evaluation technique for evaluating the bonding quality of foam. The data in these cases is obtained by scanning across a surface on top of the foam coated on metal structures and collecting the time signal in a window of interest at each point in the scan plane. Proper data processing and visualization techniques become critical in being able to detect the disbonds and delaminations that, additionally, become convoluted due to the wide variety of artifacts and support structures that occur on the metal substrates. In this work we discuss a wavelet based signal enhancement algorithm that provides an effective scheme for visualizing the imaging data and provides a very high contrast between disbonded areas and normal substrate. The technique also shows promise as a first step towards automatic detection and classification of the disbonds. Some preliminary results, obtained on data collected using simulated disbonds that demonstrate the usefulness of the algorithm will be presented. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Signal Processing
KW  - SOFI (Spray on Foam Insulation) Inspection
KW  - Terahertz Imaging
KW  - Wavelets
N1  - Accession Number: 20064955; Nair, Naveen V. 1 Melapudi, Vikram R. 1 Vemulapalli, Pramod 2 Ramakrishnan, Sridhar 1 Udpa, Lalita 1 Udpa, Satish S. 1 Winfree, William P. 3; Affiliation:  1: NDEL, ECE, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824  2: CNDE, Department of Mech. Engg. Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, INDIA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p492; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal Processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFI (Spray on Foam Insulation) Inspection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz Imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wavelets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2184568
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anastasi, Robert F.
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
T1  - Terahertz NDE for Under Paint Corrosion Detection and Evaluation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/06/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 515
EP  - 522
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Corrosion under paint is not visible until it has caused paint to blister, crack, or chip. If corrosion is allowed to continue then structural problems may develop. Identifying corrosion before it becomes visible would minimize repairs and costs and potential structural problems. Terahertz NDE imaging under paint for corrosion is being examined as a method to inspect for corrosion by examining the terahertz response to paint thickness and to surface roughness. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - CORROSION & anti-corrosives
KW  - PAINT
KW  - PROTECTIVE coatings
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - corrosion
KW  - paint
KW  - surface roughness
KW  - Terahertz NDE
N1  - Accession Number: 20064952; Anastasi, Robert F. 1 Madaras, Eric I. 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, AMSRD-ARL-VT-SM, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p515; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: CORROSION & anti-corrosives; Subject Term: PAINT; Subject Term: PROTECTIVE coatings; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: paint; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz NDE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424950 Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444120 Paint and Wallpaper Stores; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2184571
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20064952&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Simpson, John
T1  - Application of Eddy Current Techniques for Orbiter Reinforced Carbon-Carbon Structural Health Monitoring.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/06/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1082
EP  - 1089
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The development and application of advanced nondestructive evaluation techniques for the Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) components of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Leading Edge Structural Subsystem (LESS) were identified as a crucial step toward returning the shuttle fleet to service. In order to help meet this requirement, eddy current techniques have been developed for application to RCC components. Eddy current technology has been found to be particularly useful for measuring the protective coating thickness over the reinforced carbon-carbon and for the identification of near surface cracking and voids in the RCC matrix. Testing has been performed on as manufactured and flown RCC components with both actual and fabricated defects representing impact and oxidation damage. Encouraging initial results have led to the development of two separate eddy current systems for in-situ RCC inspections in the orbiter processing facility. Each of these systems has undergone blind validation testing on a full scale leading edge panel, and recently transitioned to Kennedy Space Center to be applied as a part of a comprehensive RCC inspection strategy to be performed in the orbiter processing facility after each shuttle flight. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - REUSABLE space vehicles
KW  - Eddy Current
KW  - Reinforced Carbon-Carbon
KW  - Space Shuttle
N1  - Accession Number: 20064878; Wincheski, Buzz 1 Simpson, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p1082; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: REUSABLE space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy Current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reinforced Carbon-Carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2184645
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20064878&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
AU  - Prosser, William H.
AU  - Studor, George
AU  - Gorman, Michael R.
AU  - Ziola, Steven M.
T1  - Structural Health Monitoring of the Space Shuttle’s Wing Leading Edge.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/06/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1756
EP  - 1763
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In a response to the Columbia Accident Investigation Board’s recommendations following the loss of the Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003, NASA developed methods to monitor the orbiters while in flight so that on-orbit repairs could be made before reentry if required. One method that NASA investigated was an acoustic based impact detection system. A large array of ground tests successfully demonstrated the capability to detect and localize impact events on the Shuttle’s wing structure. Subsequently, a first generation impact sensing system was developed and deployed on the Shuttle Discovery, the first Shuttle scheduled for return to flight. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission testing
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - TESTING
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - Acoustic detection
KW  - Impact detection
KW  - Integrated health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 20064790; Madaras, Eric I. 1 Prosser, William H. 1 Studor, George 2 Gorman, Michael R. 3 Ziola, Steven M. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Code ES2, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058  3: Digital Wave Corporation, 11234A Caley Ave., Centennial, CO 80111; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p1756; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission testing; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated health monitoring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2184733
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20064790&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Mastrapa, Rachel M.E.
AU  - Bauer, J.
AU  - Newman, S.
AU  - Momary, T.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
T1  - Composition and Physical Properties of Enceladus' Surface.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/03/10/
VL  - 311
IS  - 5766
M3  - Article
SP  - 1425
EP  - 1428
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Observations of Saturn's satellite Enceladus using Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer instrument were obtained during three flybys of Enceladus in 2005. Enceladus' surface is composed mostly of nearly pure water ice except near its south pole, where there are light organics, C0[sub 2], and amorphous and crystalline water ice, particularly in the region dubbed the "tiger stripes." An upper limit of 5 precipitable nanometers is derived for CO in the atmospheric column above Enceladus, and 2% for NH[sub 3] in global surface deposits. Upper limits of 140 kelvin (for a filled pixel) are derived for the temperatures in the tiger stripes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - SOUTH Pole
N1  - Accession Number: 20284626; Brown, Robert H. 1 Clark, Roger N. 2 Buratti, Bonnie J. 3 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Barnes, Jason W. 1 Mastrapa, Rachel M.E. 4 Bauer, J. 3 Newman, S. 3 Momary, T. 3 Baines, K.H. 3 Bellucci, G. 5 Capaccioni, F. 6 Cerroni, P. 6 Combes, M. 7 Coradini, A. 6 Drossart, P. 7 Formisano, V. 5 Jaumann, R. 8 Langevin, Y. 9 Matson, D.L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.  2: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  5: Institute di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, 0133 Rome, Italy.  6: Institute di Astrofisica Spaziale, 0133 Rome, Italy.  7: Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France.  8: Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt, 12489 Berlin, Germany.  9: Institute d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Universite de Paris, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.; Source Info: 3/10/2006, Vol. 311 Issue 5766, p1425; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3097
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Samanta, Manoj Pratim
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Sethi, Himanshu
AU  - Chen-Shan Chins
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
T1  - Global identification of noncoding RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by modulating an essential RNA processing pathway.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2006/03/14/
VL  - 103
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4192
EP  - 4197
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) perform essential cellular tasks and play key regulatory roles in all organisms. Although several new ncRNAs in yeast were recently discovered by individual studies, to our knowledge no comprehensive empirical search has been conducted. We demonstrate a powerful and versatile method for global identification of previously undescribed ncRNAs by modulating an essential RNA processing pathway through the depletion of a key ribonucleoprotein enzyme component, and monitoring differential transcriptional activities with genome tiling arrays during the time course of the ribonucleoprotein depletion. The entire Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome was scanned during cell growth decay regulated by promoter-mediated depletion of Rpp1, an essential and functionally conserved protein component of the RNase P enzyme. In addition to most verified genes and ncRNAs, expression was detected in 98 antisense and intergenic regions, 74 that were further confirmed to contain previously undescribed RNAs. A class of ncRNAs, located antisense to coding regions of verified protein-coding genes, is discussed in this article. One member, HRA1, is likely involved in 18S rRNA maturation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RNA
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae
KW  - NUCLEOPROTEINS
KW  - SACCHAROMYCES
KW  - RIBONUCLEASES
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - YEAST
KW  - HRA1
KW  - microarray
KW  - RNase P
KW  - yeast
N1  - Accession Number: 20436525; Samanta, Manoj Pratim 1,2,3 Tongprasit, Waraporn 1,3 Sethi, Himanshu 1 Chen-Shan Chins 4 Stolc, Viktor 1; Email Address: vstolc@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Genome Research Facility, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035  2: Systemix Institute, Cupertino, CA 95014  3: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94086  4: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143; Source Info: 3/14/2006, Vol. 103 Issue 11, p4192; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: SACCHAROMYCES cerevisiae; Subject Term: NUCLEOPROTEINS; Subject Term: SACCHAROMYCES; Subject Term: RIBONUCLEASES; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: YEAST; Author-Supplied Keyword: HRA1; Author-Supplied Keyword: microarray; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNase P; Author-Supplied Keyword: yeast; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311990 All other food manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0507669103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oterkus, E.
AU  - Barut, A.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Smeltzer, S.S.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Bonded lap joints of composite laminates with tapered edges
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2006/03/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1459
EP  - 1489
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: This study presents a semi-analytical solution method to analyze the geometrically nonlinear response of bonded composite lap joints with tapered and/or non tapered adherend edges under uniaxial tension. The solution method provides the transverse shear and normal stresses in the adhesives and in-plane stress resultants and bending moments in the adherends. The method utilizes the principle of virtual work in conjunction with von Karman’s nonlinear plate theory to model the adherends and the shear lag model to represent the kinematics of the thin adhesive layers between the adherends. Furthermore, the method accounts for the bilinear elastic material behavior of the adhesive while maintaining a linear stress–strain relationship in the adherends. In order to account for the stiffness changes due to thickness variation of the adherends along the tapered edges, the in-plane and bending stiffness matrices of the adherents are varied as a function of thickness along the tapered region. The combination of these complexities results in a system of nonlinear governing equilibrium equations. This approach represents a computationally efficient alternative to finite element method. The numerical results present the effects of taper angle, adherend overlap length, and the bilinear adhesive material on the stress fields in the adherends, as well as the adhesives of a single- and double-lap joint. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BENDING (Metalwork)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - BONES
KW  - Bonded
KW  - Laminates
KW  - Lap joints
KW  - Nonlinear
N1  - Accession Number: 19606033; Oterkus, E. 1 Barut, A. 1 Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Smeltzer, S.S. 2 Ambur, D.R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, 1130 N. Mountain Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1459; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BENDING (Metalwork); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: BONES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bonded; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lap joints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.07.035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19606033&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhong, Zhimin
T1  - Stoichiometric lanthanum chromite based ceramic interconnects with low sintering temperature
JO  - Solid State Ionics
JF  - Solid State Ionics
Y1  - 2006/03/15/
VL  - 177
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 757
EP  - 764
SN  - 01672738
AB  - Abstract: Ceramic interconnects for use in solid oxide fuel cells are expected to operate between 800∼1000°C, sinter between 1400∼1500°C to allow co-firing and meet a number thermal mechanical requirements. The perovskite type (ABO3) lanthanum chromite based materials have emerged as a leading candidate that will meet these criteria by varying the composition on the A and B sites. A need therefore exists to determine this material''s temperature dependent electrical and mechanical properties with respect to these site substitutions. In this investigation, oxide powders were prepared by the glycine-nitrate process. Ionic substitutions were carried out on A sites with calcium or strontium, and B sites with cobalt and aluminum, respectively. Only stoichiometric compositions were considered for the sake of stability. The powders and their sinterability were investigated by XRD, SEM, dilatometry and density measurements. The sintered materials were further examined by SEM, thermal expansion and electric conductivity measurements in order to elucidate the resulting microstructure, electrical and mechanical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid State Ionics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS -- Research
KW  - SOLID oxide fuel cells
KW  - LANTHANUM
KW  - CHROMITE
KW  - Ceramic interconnect
KW  - Co-sintering
KW  - LaCrO3
KW  - Low temperature sintering
KW  - SOFC
N1  - Accession Number: 20181656; Zhong, Zhimin 1; Email Address: zhong11135@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 177 Issue 7/8, p757; Subject Term: CERAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: SOLID oxide fuel cells; Subject Term: LANTHANUM; Subject Term: CHROMITE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic interconnect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Co-sintering; Author-Supplied Keyword: LaCrO3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature sintering; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.01.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20181656&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gao, R.S.
AU  - Fahey, D.W.
AU  - Popp, P.J.
AU  - Marcy, T.P.
AU  - Herman, R.L.
AU  - Weinstock, E.M.
AU  - Smith, J.B.
AU  - Sayres, D.S.
AU  - Pittman, J.V.
AU  - Rosenlof, K.H.
AU  - Thompson, T.L.
AU  - Bui, P.T.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.G.
AU  - Anderson, B.E.
AU  - Kok, G.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.J.
T1  - Measurements of relative humidity in a persistent contrail
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2006/03/21/
VL  - 40
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1590
EP  - 1600
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Persistent contrails are a common feature of the upper troposphere. We describe two methods for intercomparing and evaluating RHi measurements in a persistent contrail with calculated or expected values. The methods were applied to measurements made in the upper troposphere on board an NASA WB-57F aircraft while sampling its own contrail. Included in the analysis are measurements of water vapor pressure, temperature, ice particle number and size, and nitric oxide (NO). The systematic use of these contrail-sampling methods in future studies will improve our understanding of contrail microphysics and the performance of fast-response water and temperature measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - NITROGEN compounds
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - Aircraft emissions
KW  - Contrail
KW  - Ice particles
KW  - Microphysics
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Relative humidity
KW  - Water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 19608655; Gao, R.S. 1 Fahey, D.W. 1,2; Email Address: david.w.fahey@noaa.gov Popp, P.J. 1,2 Marcy, T.P. 1,2 Herman, R.L. 3 Weinstock, E.M. 4 Smith, J.B. 4 Sayres, D.S. 4 Pittman, J.V. 4 Rosenlof, K.H. 1 Thompson, T.L. 1 Bui, P.T. 5 Baumgardner, D.G. 6 Anderson, B.E. 7 Kok, G. 8 Weinheimer, A.J. 9; Affiliation:  1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory/Chemical Sciences Division, 325 Broadway, R/CSD6, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, 183-401, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Atmospheric Research Project, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harvard University, 12 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmosfera, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico DF, Mexico  7: NASA Langley Research Center, M/S 483, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  8: Droplet Measurement Technologies, 5710 Flatiron Parkway, Unit B, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  9: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; Source Info: Mar2006, Vol. 40 Issue 9, p1590; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: NITROGEN compounds; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contrail; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microphysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitric oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relative humidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.11.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=19608655&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lemanski, J. L.
AU  - Krishnan, V. B.
AU  - Manjeri, R. Mahadevan
AU  - Notardonato, W. U.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - A Low Hysteresis NiTiFe Shape Memory Alloy Based Thermal Conduction Switch.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/31/
VL  - 824
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 10
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Shape memory alloys possess the ability to return to a preset shape by undergoing a solid state phase transformation at a particular temperature. This work reports on the development and testing of a low temperature thermal conduction switch that incorporates a NiTiFe shape memory element for actuation. The switch was developed to provide a variable conductive pathway between liquid methane and liquid oxygen dewars in order to passively regulate the temperature of methane. The shape memory element in the switch undergoes a rhombohedral or R-phase transformation that is associated with a small hysteresis (typically 1–2 degrees C) and offers the advantage of precision control over a set temperature range. For the NiTiFe alloy used, its thermomechanical processing, subsequent characterization using dilatometry, differential scanning calorimetry and implementation in the conduction switch configuration are addressed. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMAL conductivity measurement
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - actuator
KW  - NiTiFe
KW  - R-phase
KW  - shape memory
KW  - switch
N1  - Accession Number: 20559966; Lemanski, J. L. 1 Krishnan, V. B. 1 Manjeri, R. Mahadevan 1 Notardonato, W. U. 2 Vaidyanathan, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, 32816, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 32899, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 824 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity measurement; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: actuator; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiFe; Author-Supplied Keyword: R-phase; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: switch; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2192327
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20559966&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, R. P.
AU  - Nellis, G. F.
AU  - Klein, S. A.
AU  - Hoch, D. W.
AU  - Fellers, J.
AU  - Roach, P.
AU  - Park, J. M.
AU  - Gianchandani, Y.
T1  - Measurements of the Material Properties of a Laminated Piezoelectric Stack at Cryogenic Temperatures.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/03/31/
VL  - 824
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 200
EP  - 207
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Future NASA missions require cooling of large structures in space. One class of thermal management solutions for providing controlled, distributed cooling would utilize actively controlled micro-scale valves that are integrated with heat exchangers and sensors in order to provide independent, local temperature control. The most attractive actuation method for these micro-valves is a multilayer piezoelectric (PZT) stack because this technology is capable of providing large force using reasonable voltages (e.g., < 100 V) with minimal power draw. In order to design a micro-valve configuration that takes advantage of this actuation technique, it is necessary to obtain information regarding the behavior of piezoelectric materials at cryogenic temperatures. This paper describes a test facility that was designed to achieve precise measurements of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and PZT stack actuator constant (d33) from 40 K to room temperature. The operation of the facility is validated by measuring the CTE of a copper alloy with well-known behavior. Experimental measurements are subsequently presented for a commercially available PZT stack. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT exchangers
KW  - CHEMICAL engineering -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery
KW  - TEMPERATURE control
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - Coefficient of thermal expansion
KW  - MEMS
KW  - Microvalve
KW  - Piezoelectric
N1  - Accession Number: 20559941; Taylor, R. P. 1 Nellis, G. F. 1 Klein, S. A. 1 Hoch, D. W. 1 Fellers, J. 2 Roach, P. 2 Park, J. M. 3 Gianchandani, Y. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cryogenics Engineering Lab, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center-Cryogenics Group, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  3: Solid State Electronics Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 824 Issue 1, p200; Subject Term: HEAT exchangers; Subject Term: CHEMICAL engineering -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE control; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coefficient of thermal expansion; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microvalve; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoelectric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333415 Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423740 Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2192352
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20559941&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grinstein, Fernando F.
AU  - Nan-Suey Liu
AU  - Oefelein, Joseph C.
T1  - Introduction: Combustion Modeling and Large Eddy Simulation: Development and Validation Needs for Gas Turbines.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 673
EP  - 673
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue related to the advancement of the sciences and technology of astronautics and aeronautics.
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 24518251; Grinstein, Fernando F. 1 Nan-Suey Liu 2 Oefelein, Joseph C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio  3: Sandia National Laboratory, Livermore, California; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p673; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nan-Suey Liu
AU  - Tsan-Hsing Shih
T1  - Turbulence Modeling for Very Large-Eddy Simulation.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 687
EP  - 697
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An approach is described that attempts to bridge the gap between the traditional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulation and the traditional large-eddy simulation (LES). This approach affords an intermediate resolution of turbulence scales relative to those of RANS and LES and has the characteristics of the very large-eddy simulation (VLES). The very large scales of turbulence are directly calculated, and the effects of the unresolved scales are accounted for by an eddy viscosity model that is evolved from state-of-the-art models used in the RANS approach. The dependent variables and governing equations are based on a temporal filtering with a constant filter width. The contents of both resolved and unresolved scales are regulated by the width of the filter. The dependent variables and governing equations will naturally evolve from RANS to VLES and further toward LES, when the width of the temporal filter is decreased from the turbulent integral timescale to its fraction and all of the way toward the Taylor microtimescale. The subscale model uses a resolution control parameter, which is a function of the temporal filter width, to regulate the content of resolved/unresolved scales. This approach is called the partially resolved numerical simulation. Its mathematical formulation is described. Also, a guideline is provided for selecting the resolution control parameter and the grid spacing that optimizes the accuracy of the numerical simulation. Results from validation studies are then reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 24518253; Nan-Suey Liu 1 Tsan-Hsing Shih 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p687; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Kleb, William L.
T1  - Efficient Construction of Discrete Adjoint Operators on Unstructured Grids Using Complex Variables.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 827
EP  - 836
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A methodology is developed and implemented to mitigate the lengthy software development cycle typically associated with constructing a discrete adjoint solver for aerodynamic simulations. The approach is based on a complex-variable formulation that enables straightforward differentiation of complicated real-valued functions. An automated scripting process is used to create the complex-variable form of the set of discrete equations. An efficient method for assembling the residual and cost function linearizations is developed. The accuracy of the implementation is verified through comparisons with a discrete direct method as well as a previously developed handcoded discrete adjoint approach. Comparisons are also shown for a large-scale configuration to establish the computational efficiency of the present scheme. To ultimately demonstrate the power of the approach, the implementation is extended to high-temperature gas flows in chemical nonequilibrium. Finally, several fruitful research and development avenues enabled by the current work are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - AIR flow
N1  - Accession Number: 24518266; Nielsen, Eric J. 1 Kleb, William L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p827; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: GAS flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: AIR flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dick, Steven J.
T1  - Anthropology and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence: An historical view.
JO  - Anthropology Today
JF  - Anthropology Today
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 7
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 0268540X
AB  - The article provides information on the Search of Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) in the modern era. Several events marked the beginning of SETI such as the publication of the article "Searching for Interstellar Communications," by Giuseppe Cocconi and Philip Morrison, Frank Drake's Project Ozma and a Green Bank conference in 1961.
KW  - INTERSTELLAR communication
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - SEARCH for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Study group : U.S.)
KW  - COCCONI, Giuseppe
KW  - MORRISON, Philip
KW  - DRAKE, Frank
KW  - OZMA & the Wizard Wand (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 20433241; Dick, Steven J. 1; Email Address: steven.j.dick@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Chief Historian and Director of the History Division at the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). He is the author of numerous books on the history and meaning of the extraterrestrial life debate, the latest (with James Strick) entitled The living universe: NASA and the development of astrobiology; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p3; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR communication; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Company/Entity: SEARCH for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Study group : U.S.); Reviews & Products: OZMA & the Wizard Wand (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; People: COCCONI, Giuseppe; People: MORRISON, Philip; People: DRAKE, Frank; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 1 Illustration, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1467-8322.2006.00421.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mehta, Vikram M.
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric J.
AU  - de Kort, Loreen
AU  - DeCandis, Andrew J.
T1  - The Virtual Center For Decadal Climate Variability.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 87
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 424
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article examines the Virtual Center for Decadal Climate Variability (DecVar). DecVar is a unique, integrated, and a interactive research and communication environment that examines global climate variability. DecVar focuses on decadal variability and providing interactive facilities and on-line collaboration capabilities. The Center for Research on the Changing Earth System, which designs and develops the first operational version of DecVar, is also discussed. The six main modules of DecVar are lobby, community, library, information, Data Analysis and Visualization Lab, and support.
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMMUNICATION & technology
KW  - RESEARCH -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
N1  - Accession Number: 20513469; Mehta, Vikram M. 1; Email Address: vikram@crces.org Lindstrom, Eric J. 2 de Kort, Loreen 1 DeCandis, Andrew J. 1; Affiliation:  1: The Center for Research on the Changing Earth System, Columbia, Maryland  2: Ocean Physics Program, Earth-Sun System Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA, Washington, DC; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 87 Issue 4, p421; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION & technology; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: INFORMATION technology; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BMS-87-4-421
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olson, S.
AU  - Miller, F.
AU  - Wichman, I.
T1  - Characterizing fingering flamelets using the logistic model.
JO  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
JF  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 347
SN  - 13647830
AB  - We apply the logistic equation to a class of flame spread that occurs in near-extinction, weakly convective environments such as microgravity or vertically confined spaces. The flame under these conditions breaks into numerous ‘flamelets’ which form a Turing-type reaction–diffusion fingering pattern as they spread across the fuel. Flamelets are steady, based on flame spread measurements, and reach a critical state near extinction where a spread rate plateau reflects a critical heat flux for ignition. Our analysis of experiments performed in a buoyancy-reducing, vertically confined flow tunnel reveals the presence of statistical order in the seemingly random patterns. Flamelets as a group form a dynamic population that interacts competitively for the limited available oxygen. Flamelets bifurcate and extinguish individually, but as a whole, the group maintains a stable size. Flamelets show an exponentially decaying lifetime and a uniform pattern of dispersion. We utilize the continuous logistic model with a time lag to describe the flamelet population growth and fluctuation around a stable population characterized by the carrying capacity based on environmental limitations. We discuss how the physics of the system is expressed through the model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Theory & Modelling is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAME spread
KW  - FIRE testing
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - bifurcation
KW  - combustion
KW  - extinction
KW  - fingering
KW  - fire
KW  - flamelets
KW  - instability
KW  - logistic model
KW  - Near-limit
KW  - population
KW  - reduced buoyancy
KW  - spread rate
KW  - thermally-thin
KW  - time lag
N1  - Accession Number: 22391345; Olson, S. 1; Email Address: sandra.l.olson@nasa.gov Miller, F. 2 Wichman, I. 3; Affiliation:  1: Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA  3: Mechanical Engineering Department, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p323; Subject Term: FLAME spread; Subject Term: FIRE testing; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: bifurcation; Author-Supplied Keyword: combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: fingering; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: flamelets; Author-Supplied Keyword: instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: logistic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-limit; Author-Supplied Keyword: population; Author-Supplied Keyword: reduced buoyancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: spread rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermally-thin; Author-Supplied Keyword: time lag; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13647830600565446
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Johnston, James C.
T1  - Attentional Limitations in Doing Two Tasks at Once.
JO  - Current Directions in Psychological Science
JF  - Current Directions in Psychological Science
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 93
PB  - Sage Publications Inc.
SN  - 09637214
AB  - People generally have difficulty doing two tasks at once. To explain this fact, theorists have proposed that central processing—the thought-like stages following perceptual encoding and preceding response processing—takes place for only one task at a time. Because this bottleneck imposes severe limits on human cognitive processes, research has attempted to find exceptions. There is now solid evidence that, at least in the laboratory, the entire bottleneck can be completely bypassed under favorable combinations of circumstances. While these findings provide a ray of hope for enabling parallel multitasking in real-world scenarios, it will not be easy to take advantage of the combination of conditions that appear to be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Current Directions in Psychological Science is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TASK analysis
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - COMBINATORIAL analysis
KW  - PRODUCTION scheduling
KW  - THEORY of knowledge
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY -- Research
KW  - central bottleneck
KW  - dual-task interference
N1  - Accession Number: 20856841; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: lien@oregonstate.edu Ruthruff, Eric 2 Johnston, James C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331  2: University of New Mexico  3: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p89; Subject Term: TASK analysis; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL analysis; Subject Term: PRODUCTION scheduling; Subject Term: THEORY of knowledge; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: central bottleneck; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual-task interference; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2006.00413.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Estrada, Paul R.
AU  - Mosqueira, Ignacio
T1  - A gas-poor planetesimal capture model for the formation of giant planet satellite systems
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 181
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 486
EP  - 509
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Assuming that an unknown mechanism (e.g., gas turbulence) removes most of the subnebula gas disk in a timescale shorter than that for satellite formation, we develop a model for the formation of regular (and possibly at least some of the irregular) satellites around giant planets in a gas-poor environment. In this model, which follows along the lines of the work of Safronov et al. [1986. Satellites. Univ. of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 89–116], heliocentric planetesimals collide within the planet''s Hill sphere and generate a circumplanetary disk of prograde and retrograde satellitesimals extending as far out as . At first, the net angular momentum of this proto-satellite swarm is small, and collisions among satellitesimals leads to loss of mass from the outer disk, and delivers mass to the inner disk (where regular satellites form) in a timescale . This mass loss may be offset by continued collisional capture of sufficiently small interlopers resulting from the disruption of planetesimals in the feeding zone of the giant planet. As the planet''s feeding zone is cleared in a timescale years, enough angular momentum may be delivered to the proto-satellite swarm to account for the angular momentum of the regular satellites of Jupiter and Saturn. This feeding timescale is also roughly consistent with the independent constraint that the Galilean satellites formed in a timescale of , which may be long enough to accommodate Callisto''s partially differentiated state [Anderson et al., 1998. Science 280, 1573; Anderson et al., 2001. Icarus 153, 157–161]. In turn, this formation timescale can be used to provide plausible constraints on the surface density of solids in the satellitesimal disk (excluding satellite embryos for satellitesimals of size ), which yields a total disk mass smaller than the mass of the regular satellites, and means that the satellites must form in several ∼10 collisional cycles. However, much more work will need to be conducted concerning the collisional evolution both of the circumplanetary satellitesimals and of the heliocentric planetesimals following giant planet formation before one can assess the significance of this agreement. Furthermore, for enough mass to be delivered to form the regular satellites in the required timescale one may need to rely on (unproven) mechanisms to replenish the feeding zone of the giant planet. We compare this model to the solids-enhanced minimum mass (SEMM) model of Mosqueira and Estrada [2003a. Icarus 163, 198–231; 2003b. Icarus 163, 232–255], and discuss its main consequences for Cassini observations of the saturnian satellite system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER planets -- Satellites
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics)
KW  - GALILEAN satellites
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - Jovian planets
KW  - Planetesimals
KW  - Satellites of Jupiter
KW  - Satellites of Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 20344785; Estrada, Paul R. 1; Email Address: estrada@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov Mosqueira, Ignacio 2; Email Address: mosqueir@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94305-1000, USA  2: NASA Ames/SETI Institute, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 181 Issue 2, p486; Subject Term: OUTER planets -- Satellites; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: GALILEAN satellites; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Jovian planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetesimals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Saturn; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.11.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, W.J.
AU  - Whitten, R.C.
AU  - Bakes, E.L.O.
AU  - Barth, E.
AU  - Tripathi, S.
T1  - Predictions of the electrical conductivity and charging of the aerosols in Titan's atmosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 181
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 527
EP  - 544
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The electrical conductivity and electrical charge on the aerosols in atmosphere of Titan are computed for altitudes between 0 and 400 km. Ionization of methane and nitrogen due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is important at night where these ions are converted to ion clusters such as CH+5CH4, C7H+7, C4H+7, and H4C7N+. The ubiquitous aerosols observed also play an important role in determining the charge distribution in the atmosphere. Because polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are expected in Titan''s atmosphere and have been observed in the laboratory and found to be electrophilic, we consider the formation of negative ions. During the night, the very smallest molecular complexes accept free electrons to form negative ions. This results in a large reduction of the electron abundance both in the region between 150 and 350 km over that predicted when such aerosols are not considered. During the day time, ionization by photoemission from aerosols irradiated by solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation overwhelms the GCR-produced ionization. The presence of hydrocarbon and nitrile minor constituents substantially reduces the UV flux in the wavelength band from the cutoff of CH4 at 155 to 200 nm. These aerosols have such a low ionization potential that the bulk of the solar radiation at longer wavelengths is energetic enough to produce a photoionization rate sufficient to create an ionosphere even without galactic cosmic ray (GCR) bombardment. At altitudes below 60 km, the electron and positive ion abundances are influenced by the three-body recombination of ions and electrons. The addition of this reaction significantly reduces the predicted electron abundance over that previously predicted. Our calculations for the dayside show that the peaks of the charge distributions move to larger values as the altitude increases. This variation is the result of the increased UV flux present at the highest altitudes. Clearly, the situation is quite different than that for the night where the peak of the distribution for a particular size is nearly constant with altitude when negative ions are not present. The presence of very small aerosol particles (embryos) may cause the peak of the distribution to decrease from about 8 negative charges to as little as one negative charge or even zero charge. This dependence on altitude will require models of the aerosol formation to change their algorithms to better represent the effect of charged aerosols as a function of altitude. In particular, the charge state will be much higher than previously predicted and it will not be constant with altitude during the day time. Charging of aerosol particles, whether on the dayside or nightside, has a major influence on both the electron abundance and electrical conductivity. The predicted conductivities are within the measurement range of the HASI PWA instrument over most but not all, of the altitude range sampled. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - Ionospheres
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Radiation chemistry
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 20344787; Borucki, W.J. 1; Email Address: william.j.borucki@nasa.gov Whitten, R.C. 2 Bakes, E.L.O. 2 Barth, E. 3 Tripathi, S. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA  4: Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur 208016, India; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 181 Issue 2, p527; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2005.10.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Villanueva, Geronimo Luis
AU  - Hartogh, Paul
AU  - Reindl, Leonhard M.
T1  - A Digital Dispersive Matching Network for SAW Devices in Chirp Transform Spectrometers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2006/04//Apr2006 Part 1
VL  - 54
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1424
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The performance of a chirp transform spectrometer can be significantly improved through a digital dispersive matching network. In this paper, we present the development of a new design, the adaptive digital chirp processor (ADCP), which generates an expander chirp signal with dispersive characteristics matching those of the surface acoustic wave filter behaving as a compressor/convolver. This matching signal (i.e., the chirp) is generated by a digital direct synthesizer and is then bandpass filtered, level regulated, up-converted, and frequency tripled in order to achieve the required bandwidth of 430 MHz. The design of the matching network and the signal processing of the resulting dispersive signal demanded a rational and optimum combination of different technologies, such as quadrature modulation, high-performance spectral filtering, ultra-stable frequency sources, and a theoretical analysis of the circuit design by using a numerical model of the ADCP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - ELECTRIC filters
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - MODULATION (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - Chirp transform spectrometer (CTS)
KW  - digital direct synthesis
KW  - dispersive delay lines
KW  - dispersive matching network
KW  - frequency multiplication
KW  - microwave heterodyne spectroscopy
KW  - surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters
N1  - Accession Number: 20589040; Villanueva, Geronimo Luis 1,2; Email Address: villanueva@ssedmail.gsfc.nasa.gov Hartogh, Paul 1; Email Address: hartogh@mps.mpg.de Reindl, Leonhard M. 3; Email Address: reindl@imtek.de; Affiliation:  1: Department of Planetary Sciences, Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  2: Department of Extraterrestrial Physics, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard-Space-Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  3: Department of Electrical Measurement Technology, Institute of Microsystem Technology, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany; Source Info: Apr2006 Part 1, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p1415; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC filters; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: MODULATION (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chirp transform spectrometer (CTS); Author-Supplied Keyword: digital direct synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: dispersive delay lines; Author-Supplied Keyword: dispersive matching network; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency multiplication; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave heterodyne spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2006.871244
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fennell, Karl
AU  - Sherry, Lance
AU  - Roberts Jr., Ralph J.
AU  - Feary, Michael
T1  - Difficult Access: The Impact of Recall Steps on Flight Management System Errors.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 175
EP  - 196
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - This study examines flight management system (FMS) tasks and errors by C–130 pilots who were recently qualified on a newly introduced advanced FMS. Twenty flight tasks supported by the FMS were analyzed using a cognitive stage model (Sherry, Polson, Feary, & Palmer, 2002) to identify steps with the potential for errors. If a step was found not to have visual cues such as labels or prompts for the required action sequence it was identified as a recall step and a potential source of difficulty. If the action was supported by salient labels and prompts it was identified as a recognition step. Actual pilots using an FMS were observed and performance and errors categorized into the related task step. The greatest amount of observed difficulty was accessing the correct function, labeled as an access error. This process was found to be particularly vulnerable to recall problems. Pilots had the likelihood of .74 for committing an access error on tasks with 2 recalled access steps. This is compared to .13 for 1 recalled access step and .06 for no recalled access steps. Errors associated with formatting, inserting, or verifying entries were less common than access errors; however, these errors primarily occurred on tasks in which recall steps were required for the related step. A total of 93% of the format errors, 80% of the insert errors, and 81% of the verify errors occurred on the tasks that did not have good recognition support for each associated step. On a positive note, experience with the new FMS in the preceding 6 months was correlated with a decrease in overall errors, r(22) = –.42, p < .05, and a decrease in errors associated with inadequate knowledge to accomplish a required step, r(22) = –.61, p < . 01. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - MILITARY airplanes -- Armament
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - AIR traffic control clearances
N1  - Accession Number: 20561500; Fennell, Karl 1; Email Address: Karl.Fennell@united.com Sherry, Lance 2 Roberts Jr., Ralph J. 3 Feary, Michael 4; Affiliation:  1: United Airlines, Denver, Colorado  2: San Jose State Foundation, San Jose, California  3: Department of Psychology, University of Denver  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p175; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; Subject Term: TASK performance; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes -- Armament; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: AIR traffic control clearances; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1207/s15327108ijap1602_4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20561500&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Changsung Sean Kim
AU  - Kiris, Cetin
AU  - Kwak, Dochan
AU  - David, Tim
T1  - Numerical Simulation of Local Blood Flow in the Carotid and Cerebral Arteries Under Altered Gravity.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 128
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 194
EP  - 202
SN  - 01480731
AB  - A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was presented to model the blood flows in the carotid bifurcation and the brain arteries under altered gravity. Physical models required for CFD simulation were introduced including a model for arterial wall motion due to fluid-wall interactions, a shear thinning fluid model of blood, a vascular bed model for outflow boundary conditions, and a model for autoregulation mechanism. The three-dimensional unsteady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations coupled with these models were solved iteratively using the pseudocompressibility method and dual time stepping. Gravity source terms were added to the Navier-Stokes equations to take the effect of gravity into account. For the treatment of complex geometry, a chimera overset grid technique was adopted to obtain connectivity between arterial branches. For code validation, computed results were compared with experimental data for both steady-state and time-dependent flows. This computational approach was then applied to blood flows through a realistic carotid bifurcation and two Circle of Willis models, one using an idealized geometry and the other using an anatomical data set. A three-dimensional Circle of Willis configuration was reconstructed from subject-specific magnetic resonance images using an image segmentation method. Through the numerical simulation of blood flow in two model problems, namely, the carotid bifurcation and the brain arteries, it was observed that the altered gravity has considerable effects on arterial contraction/ dilatation and consequent changes inflow conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanical Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - BLOOD flow
KW  - CAROTID artery
KW  - BIFURCATION theory
KW  - BRAIN
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - MAGNETIC resonance imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 20572583; Changsung Sean Kim 1 Kiris, Cetin 2; Email Address: ckiris@mail.arc.nasa.gov Kwak, Dochan 2 David, Tim 3; Affiliation:  1: RIACS Research Associate, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  2: Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  3: Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 128 Issue 2, p194; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: BLOOD flow; Subject Term: CAROTID artery; Subject Term: BIFURCATION theory; Subject Term: BRAIN; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 19 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2165691
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20572583&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Copland, Evan
T1  - Vapor pressures in the {Al(l)+Al2O3(s)} system: Reconsidering Al2O3(s) condensation
JO  - Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 449
SN  - 00219614
AB  - Abstract: The vaporization behavior of the Al–O system has been studied on numerous occasions but significant uncertainties remain. The origin of this uncertainty must be understood before Al–O vaporization behavior can be accurately determined. The condensation of Al2O3 and clogging of the effusion orifice is a difficult problem for the Knudsen effusion technique that influences the measured vaporization behavior but has only received limited attention. This study reconsiders this behavior in detail. A new theory for Al2O3 condensation is proposed together with procedures that will improve the measured thermodynamic properties of Al–O vaporization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUBLIMATION (Chemistry)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - EXUDATES & transudates
KW  - VAPORIZATION in water purification
KW  - Al(g) and Al2O(g) vaporization
KW  - Al2O3(s) condensation
KW  - Improving thermodynamic measurements
KW  - Multiple effusion cell mass spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 20252914; Copland, Evan 1; Email Address: evan.h.copland@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Case Western Reserve University, NASA Glenn Research Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 21000 Brookpark Rd. MS 106-1, Cleveland, OH 4135, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p443; Subject Term: SUBLIMATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: EXUDATES & transudates; Subject Term: VAPORIZATION in water purification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al(g) and Al2O(g) vaporization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al2O3(s) condensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Improving thermodynamic measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple effusion cell mass spectrometry; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jct.2005.06.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20252914&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobayashi, Hiromichi
T1  - Large eddy simulation of magnetohydrodynamic turbulent channel flows with local subgrid-scale model based on coherent structures.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 045107
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - For turbulent channel flows with a uniform magnetic field perpendicular to insulated walls, the performance of the coherent structure Smagorinsky model (CSM) is investigated in comparison to the Smagorinsky model (SM) and the dynamic Smagorinsky model (DSM). The Lorentz force acts against a streamwise flow. The effect of the Hartmann flattening leads to an increase in the wall shear stress, so that the skin friction coefficient increases. In contrast, the turbulence suppression by the magnetic field results in a decrease of the Reynolds shear stress near the wall, so that the skin friction coefficient decreases. As the magnetic field increases, a turbulent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow transits to a laminar MHD flow at a critical Hartmann number. The CSM predicts a higher transition Hartmann number than the DSM and SM, because the model parameter of the CSM is locally determined based on coherent structures and the fluctuations are reflected in the shear stress. On the other hand, the model parameter of the DSM is averaged in the homogeneous directions, so that the shear stress is somewhat underestimated for the subcritical Hartmann number. The SM with a model constant and a wall damping function of the Van Driest type reproduces the laminar MHD flow at the lowest transition Hartmann number, because the model parameter (which does not change in the magnetic field) provides significant energy dissipation. Moreover, the CSM and DSM can reproduce properly the laminar MHD flow at high Hartmann number, because the model parameters of the CSM and DSM are drastically damped near the wall and the Reynolds shear stresses are suppressed to zero. The skin friction coefficients predicted by the CSM and DSM agree with the “two-dimensional” laminar solution, whereas the SM gives higher values than the laminar solution. The coherent structures become large and align themselves along the magnetic field in the transition to the laminar MHD flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC waves
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - LORENTZ transformations
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20736080; Kobayashi, Hiromichi 1; Email Address: hkobayas@phys-h.keio.ac.jp; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University/NASA Ames Research Center, Stanford, California 94305-3035 and Department of Physics, Keio University, 4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8521, Japan; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p045107; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC waves; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LORENTZ transformations; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2194967
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20736080&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Ash, Robert L.
T1  - Variational approach to the volume viscosity of fluids.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 047101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The variational principle of Hamilton is applied to develop an analytical formulation to describe the volume viscosity in fluids. The procedure described here differs from those used in the past in that a dissipative process is represented by the chemical affinity and progress variable (sometimes called “order parameter”) of a reacting species. These state variables appear in the variational integral in two places: first, in the expression for the internal energy, and second, in a subsidiary condition accounting for the conservation of the reacting species. As a result of the variational procedure, two dissipative terms appear in the Navier-Stokes equation. The first is the traditional volume viscosity term, proportional to the dilatational component of velocity; the second term is proportional to the material time derivative of the pressure gradient. Values of the respective volume viscosity coefficients are determined by applying the resulting volume-viscous Navier-Stokes equation to the case of acoustical propagation and then comparing expressions for the dispersion and absorption of sound. The formulation includes the special case of equilibration of the translational degrees of freedom. As examples, values are tabulated for dry and humid air, argon, and sea water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 20736120; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 1; Email Address: rash@odu.edu Ash, Robert L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Old Dominion University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Norfolk, Virginia 23508; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p047101; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2180780
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shariff, Karim
AU  - Leonard, Anthony
AU  - Ferziger, Joel H.
T1  - Dynamical systems analysis of fluid transport in time-periodic vortex ring flows.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 047104
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - It is known that the stable and unstable manifolds of dynamical systems theory provide a powerful tool for understanding Lagrangian aspects of time-periodic flows. In this work we consider two time-periodic vortex ring flows. The first is a vortex ring with an elliptical core. The manifolds provide information about entrainment and detrainment of irrotational fluid into and out of the volume transported with the ring. The likeness of the manifolds with features observed in flow visualization experiments of turbulent vortex rings suggests that a similar process might be at play. However, what precise modes of unsteadiness are responsible for stirring in a turbulent vortex ring is left as an open question. The second situation is that of two leapfrogging rings. The unstable manifold shows striking agreement with even the fine features of smoke visualization photographs, suggesting that fluid elements in the vicinity of the manifold are drawn out along it and begin to reveal its structure. We suggest that interpretations of these photographs that argue for complex vorticity dynamics ought to be reconsidered. Recently, theoretical and computational tools have been developed to locate structures analogous to stable and unstable manifolds in aperiodic, or finite-time systems. The usefulness of these analogs is demonstrated, using vortex ring flows as an example, in the paper by Shadden, Dabiri, and Marsden [Phys. Fluids 18, 047105 (2006)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - LAGRANGIAN functions
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - VISUALIZATION
N1  - Accession Number: 20736109; Shariff, Karim 1; Email Address: kshariff@mail.arc.nasa.gov Leonard, Anthony 2 Ferziger, Joel H. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125  3: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p047104; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN functions; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: VISUALIZATION; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2189867
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Kowalski, Scott M.
AU  - Vining, G. Geoffrey
T1  - Classes of Split-plot Response Surface Designs for Equivalent Estimation<FNR></FNR><FN>This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the U.S.A. </FN>.
JO  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
JF  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 291
EP  - 305
SN  - 07488017
AB  - When planning an experimental investigation, we are frequently faced with factors that are difficult or time consuming to manipulate, thereby making complete randomization impractical. A split-plot structure differentiates between the experimental units associated with these hard-to-change factors and those that are relatively easy-to-change. Furthermore, it provides an efficient strategy that integrates the restrictions imposed by the experimental apparatus into the design structure. In this paper, several industrial and scientific examples are presented to highlight design considerations when a restriction on randomization is encountered. We propose classes of split-plot response designs that provide an intuitive and natural extension from the completely randomized context. For these designs, the ordinary least-squares estimates of the model are equivalent to the generalized least-squares estimates. This property provides best linear unbiased estimators and simplifies model estimation. The design conditions that provide equivalent estimation are presented and lead to design construction strategies to transform completely randomized Box–Behnken, equiradial and small composite designs into a split-plot structure. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality & Reliability Engineering International is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Box–Behnken design
KW  - Box-Behnken design
KW  - equiradial design
KW  - equivalent estimation
KW  - restricted randomization
KW  - small composite design
KW  - split-plot designs
N1  - Accession Number: 20456090; Parker, Peter A. 1; Email Address: peter.a.parker@larc.nasa.gov Kowalski, Scott M. 2 Vining, G. Geoffrey 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.  2: Minitab Inc., State College, PA 16801, U.S.A.  3: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0439, U.S.A.; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p291; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Box–Behnken design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Box-Behnken design; Author-Supplied Keyword: equiradial design; Author-Supplied Keyword: equivalent estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: restricted randomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: small composite design; Author-Supplied Keyword: split-plot designs; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 9 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qre.771
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
T1  - On the locus of dual-task interference: Is there a bottleneck at the stimulus classification stage?
JO  - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
JF  - Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 694
EP  - 719
SN  - 17470218
AB  - Recent studies have provided evidence that dual-task interference is typically caused by a single-channel bottleneck, but the processing locus of the bottleneck has yet to be pinned down. A bottleneck locus at the response-selection stage is widely advocated, but an earlier locus would be consistent with most previous evidence. Four new experiments used the “locus of slack” method to investigate whether the stages postponed by the central bottleneck include stimulus classification, a very late stage of perceptual processing. The experiments varied stimulus classification difficulty for two different analogueue perceptual judgements. Experiment 1 found only modest absorption into slack for the difficulty of a spatial position judgement. Experiments 2–4 found virtually no absorption into slack for the difficulty of a box-width judgement. These results support a bottleneck locus beginning at or before the stage of stimulus classification and hence prior to the stage of response selection. Other evidence, however, leaves no doubt that response selection is also subject to bottleneck postponement. Two architectures are discussed that can account parsimoniously for both old and new results. One posits a single bottleneck resulting from a unified CPU-like central processor; the other posits multiple bottlenecks resulting from multiple processors accomplishing different substages of central processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology is the property of Psychology Press (UK) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN information processing
KW  - CONDITIONED response
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - TASKS
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
N1  - Accession Number: 20213427; Johnston, James C. 1; Email Address: jcjohnston@mail.arc.nasa.gov McCann, Robert S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA—Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p694; Subject Term: HUMAN information processing; Subject Term: CONDITIONED response; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02724980543000015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20213427&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yeniay, Ozgur
AU  - Unal, Resit
AU  - Lepsch, Roger A.
T1  - Using dual response surfaces to reduce variability in launch vehicle design: A case study
JO  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
JF  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 91
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 407
EP  - 412
SN  - 09518320
AB  - Abstract: Space transportation system conceptual design is a multidisciplinary process containing considerable element of risk. Uncertainties from one engineering discipline may propagate to another through linking parameters and the final system output may have an accumulation of risk. This may lead to significant deviations from expected performance. An estimate of variability or design risk therefore becomes essential for a robust design. This study utilizes the dual response surface approach to quantify variability in critical performance characteristics during conceptual design phase of a launch vehicle. Using design of experiments methods and disciplinary design analysis codes, dual response surfaces are constructed for the mean and standard deviation to quantify variability in vehicle weight and sizing analysis. Next, an optimum solution is sought to minimize variability subject to a constraint on mean weight. In this application, the dual response surface approach lead to quantifying and minimizing variability without much increase in design effort. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Reliability Engineering & System Safety is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - RISK
KW  - UNCERTAINTY
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - D-Optimal designs, Optimization
KW  - Response surface methods
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 19356101; Yeniay, Ozgur 1 Unal, Resit 2; Email Address: runal@odu.edu Lepsch, Roger A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Statistics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey  2: Engineering Management and Systems Engineering Department, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23693, USA  3: Vehicle Analysis Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 91 Issue 4, p407; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: RISK; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: D-Optimal designs, Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response surface methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ress.2005.02.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, B.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Nanotechnology: Role in emerging nanoelectronics
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2006/04//
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 536
EP  - 544
SN  - 00381101
AB  - Abstract: Future miniaturized devices, beyond the Moore’s law era of silicon, are expected to rely on new, ingenious methods to implement spatially controlled and highly functional nanoscale components synthesized by inexpensive chemistry. Chip technology based on self-assembly would enhance performance and packing density by orders of magnitude, deliver rich on-chip functionality, and operate at molecular level. Low-dimensional semiconductor nanostructues and organic molecules, which offer unique possibilities such as extremely low power dissipation, quantum effects, surface sensitivity and low synthesis cost, could be the building blocks for next-generation electronics. In this paper we discuss the potential successors of the silicon CMOS technology at the end of the ITRS Roadmap (in ∼15years). The disruptive technologies, rooted in nanoscale science, would aid in the continued advancement of integrated circuit technology – not necessarily through straightforward transistor geometry scaling – in several mainstream applications such as computing and data storage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - Computing
KW  - Data storage
KW  - Nanoelectronics
KW  - Nanotechnology
KW  - Transistor
N1  - Accession Number: 20923616; Yu, B.; Email Address: byu@arc.nasa.gov Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p536; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoelectronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transistor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sse.2006.03.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yan, Li
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Ounaies, Zoubeida
AU  - Irene, Eugene A.
T1  - An ellipsometric study of polymer film curing: 2,6-Bis(3-aminophenoxy) benzonitrile/4,4′oxidiphthalic anhydride poly(amic acid)
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2006/04/05/
VL  - 47
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2822
EP  - 2829
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: The curing of 2,6-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzonitrile/4,4′oxidiphthalic anhydride ((β-CN) APB/ODPA) has been investigated using spectroscopic ellipsometry on films with various degrees of imidization. Results indicate that much of the film imidization is accomplished at 200°C and above. Three absorption peaks have been observed (4.1, 5, and 6eV) which correspond to intra- and inter-molecular optical transitions. A comparison of the film optical constants for the pristine poly(amic acid) and the fully cured polyimide shows film densification upon imidization. A curing timeline has been obtained using in situ real-time spectroscopic ellipsometry, and ellipsometry is shown to serve as a general technique for studying organic film curing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELLIPSOMETRY
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - AMIC acids
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - Polymer curing
KW  - Real-time monitoring
KW  - Spectroscopic ellipsometry
N1  - Accession Number: 20402067; Yan, Li 1 Park, Cheol 2 Ounaies, Zoubeida 3 Irene, Eugene A. 1; Email Address: gene_irene@unc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3290, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, National Institute of Aerospace, 144 Research Drive, MS-226, 6-West Taylor St, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3141 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3141, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 47 Issue 8, p2822; Subject Term: ELLIPSOMETRY; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: AMIC acids; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer curing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Real-time monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopic ellipsometry; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.02.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, S. D.
AU  - Hawkins, J. D.
AU  - Lee, T. F.
AU  - Turk, F. J.
AU  - Richardson, K.
AU  - Kuciauskas, A. P.
AU  - Kent, J.
AU  - Wade, R.
AU  - Skupniewicz, C. E.
AU  - Cornelius, J.
AU  - O'Neal, J.
AU  - Haggerty, P.
AU  - Sprietzer, K.
AU  - Legg, G.
AU  - Henegar, J.
AU  - Seaton, B.
T1  - MODIS provides a satellite focus on Operation Iraqi Freedom.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/04/10/
VL  - 27
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1285
EP  - 1296
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Extreme weather conditions over southwest Asia posed significant challenges to military operations conducted during the 2003 Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) campaign. This paper describes an effort to provide improved environmental characterization by way of a suite of value‐added satellite imagery tools leveraging moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Available from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terra and Aqua platforms, these research‐grade data were made available to operational users in 2 to 3 hours turn‐around time via a near real‐time processing effort (NRTPE) interagency collaboration between the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the Department of Defense (DoD). Derived products were packaged into a centralized online graphical user interface, Satellite Focus, which provided a one‐stop resource for satellite information over the southwest Asia domain. A central goal of Satellite Focus was to expedite information gathering while augmenting the capabilities of users tasked to synthesize a wide variety of environmental information in support of time‐critical decisions impacting operational safety and mission success. Presented herein are several examples illustrating the unprecedented capabilities available to Coalition Force users during OIF enabled by near real‐time access to Terra/Aqua MODIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SPECIAL operations (Military science)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - IRAQ War, 2003-2011
KW  - IRAQ
KW  - Dust storms
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Operation Iraqi Freedom
KW  - Satellite applications
N1  - Accession Number: 20790548; Miller, S. D. 1; Email Address: miller@nrlmry.navy.mil Hawkins, J. D. 1 Lee, T. F. 1 Turk, F. J. 1 Richardson, K. 1 Kuciauskas, A. P. 1 Kent, J. 2 Wade, R. 2 Skupniewicz, C. E. 3 Cornelius, J. 3 O'Neal, J. 4 Haggerty, P. 5 Sprietzer, K. 5 Legg, G. 6 Henegar, J. 7 Seaton, B. 7; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA 93943, USA  2: Science Applications International Corporation, USA  3: Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center, Monterey, CA 93943, USA  4: The Aerospace Corporation  5: Science and Technology Corporation  6: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: 4/10/2006, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p1285; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SPECIAL operations (Military science); Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: IRAQ War, 2003-2011; Subject Term: IRAQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust storms; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operation Iraqi Freedom; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite applications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160500383772
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, J. H.
T1  - Quantitative assessment of fatigue damage accumulation in wavy slip metals from acoustic harmonic generation.
JO  - Philosophical Magazine
JF  - Philosophical Magazine
Y1  - 2006/04/11/
VL  - 86
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1554
SN  - 14786435
AB  - A comprehensive, analytical treatment is presented of the microelastic–plastic nonlinearities resulting from the interaction of a stress perturbation with dislocation substructures and cracks that evolve during cyclic fatigue of wavy slip metals. The interaction is quantified by a material nonlinearity parameter ß extracted from acoustic harmonic generation measurements. The contribution to ß from the substructures is obtained from the Cantrell model. The contribution to ß from cracks is obtained by applying the Paris law to the Nazarov–Sutin crack nonlinearity equation. The nonlinearity parameter resulting from the two contributions is predicted to increase monotonically by hundreds of percent during fatigue from the virgin state to fracture. The increase in ß during the first 80–90% fatigue life is dominated by the evolution of dislocation substructures, while the last 10–20% is dominated by crack growth. Application of the model to aluminium alloy 2024-T4 in stress-controlled loading at 276?MPa yields excellent agreement between theory and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Fatigue
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in crystals
KW  - SOUND waves
N1  - Accession Number: 20338859; Cantrell, J. H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 4/11/2006, Vol. 86 Issue 11, p1539; Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in crystals; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14786430500365358
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Golightly, M.J.
AU  - Nealy, J.E.
AU  - Qualls, G.D.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Anderson, B.M.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Luetke, N.
AU  - Zapp, N.
AU  - Shavers, M.R.
AU  - Semones, E.
AU  - Hunter, A.
T1  - International space station: A testbed for experimental and computational dosimetry
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/04/15/
VL  - 37
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1656
EP  - 1663
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The ISS and the prior station Mir provided the proving ground for future human long-duration space activity. A recent European Space Agency study recommended “Measurement campaigns on the ISS form the ideal tool for experimental validation of radiation environment models, of transport code algorithms and reaction cross sections”. Indeed, prior measurements on Shuttle have provided vital information impacting both transport code and environmental model development. Recent studies using the ISS 7A configuration with TLD area monitors demonstrated that computational dosimetry requires environmental models with accurate anisotropic and dynamic behavior, detailed information on rack loading, and an accurate 6 degree-of-freedom description of the ISS trajectory. The ISS model is now configured for 11A and uses an anisotropic and dynamic geomagnetic transmission and trapped proton models. The ISS 11A is instrumented with both passive and active dosimetric devices. Time resolved measurements have the advantage of isolating trapped proton and galactic cosmic ray components as was essential to transport code validation in Shuttle data analysis. ISS 11A model validation will begin with passive dosimetry as was used with ISS 7A. Directional dependent active measurements will play an important role in the validation of environmental model anisotropies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DOSAGE of drugs
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - ISS dosimetry
KW  - Model validation
N1  - Accession Number: 21274452; Wilson, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.wilson@nasa.gov Cucinotta, F.A. 2 Golightly, M.J. 2 Nealy, J.E. 3 Qualls, G.D. 1 Badavi, F.F. 4 De Angelis, G. 3 Anderson, B.M. 1 Clowdsley, M.S. 1 Luetke, N. 5 Zapp, N. 6 Shavers, M.R. 7 Semones, E. 2 Hunter, A. 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  3: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA  4: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA, USA  5: Swales Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA  6: Lockheed Martin, Houston, TX, USA  7: Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA  8: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p1656; Subject Term: DOSAGE of drugs; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISS dosimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model validation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.02.038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21274452&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, M.Y.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
T1  - A solar cycle statistical model for the projection of space radiation environment
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/04/15/
VL  - 37
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1741
EP  - 1748
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The interplanetary plasma and radiation fields are affected by the degree of disturbance in the solar surface. Sunspot number is well correlated with many observable space quantities and is used herein to represent variations in the space radiation environment. A solar cycle statistical model is developed based on the accumulating cycle sunspot data in order to estimate future levels of cycle activity. In developing the model, the odd and even cycles are treated as two independent populations. Furthermore, the rising and declining phases of each cycle are treated separately due to the randomization through the remainder of the cycle. It is shown that all the historical sunspot cycles are reasonably consistent with each respective activity level, as the cycle progresses from its solar minimum/solar maximum. The ranges of mean percentile groups containing up-to-date cycle data are calculated in order to estimate future levels of cycle activity. The resultant projection of sunspot numbers will be used to estimate future space-related quantities of interest in radiation protection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION -- Safety measures
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - Radiation protection
KW  - Solar cycle
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Space radiation environment
KW  - Statistical model
N1  - Accession Number: 21274519; Kim, M.Y. 1,2; Email Address: myung-hee.y.kim1@jsc.nasa.gov Wilson, J.W. 3; Email Address: john.w.wilson@nasa.gov Cucinotta, F.A. 2; Email Address: francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Laboratories, Wyle/HAC/37A, NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p1741; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Safety measures; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Statistical model; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2004.11.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - De Angelis, G.
T1  - A characterization of the moon radiation environment for radiation analysis
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/04/15/
VL  - 37
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1749
EP  - 1758
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The radiation environment found on the surface of the Moon is shown and applied to different possible lunar mission scenarios. Models for the primary particle environment to be found on the Moon due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE) have been used, with solar modulation and surface backscattering patterns taken into account. The surface itself has been modeled as regolith and bedrock. Particle transport has been performed with both deterministic and Monte Carlo approaches. A good agreement is found between the two methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - HZETRN deterministic space radiation transport code
KW  - Lunar mission scenarios
KW  - Moon radiation environment
KW  - Solar particle events
N1  - Accession Number: 21274520; Tripathi, R.K. 1; Email Address: r.k.tripathi@larc.nasa.gov Wilson, J.W. 1 Badavi, F.F. 2 De Angelis, G. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  3: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p1749; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN deterministic space radiation transport code; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar mission scenarios; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon radiation environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar particle events; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2006.03.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pinto, N. J.
AU  - Pérez, R.
AU  - Mueller, C. H.
AU  - Theofylaktos, N.
AU  - Miranda, F. A.
T1  - Dual input AND gate fabricated from a single channel poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin film field effect transistor.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/04/15/
VL  - 99
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 084504
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - A regio-regular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (RRP3HT) thin film transistor having a split gate architecture has been fabricated on a doped silicon/silicon nitride substrate and characterized. This device demonstrates AND logic functionality. The device functionality was controlled by applying either 0 or -10 V to each of the gate electrodes. When -10 V was simultaneously applied to both gates, the device was conductive (on), while any other combination of gate voltages rendered the device resistive (off). The p-type carrier charge mobility was about 5×10-4 cm2/V s. The low mobility is attributed to the sharp contours of the RRP3HT film due to substrate nonplanarity. A significant advantage of this architecture is that AND logic devices with multiple inputs can be fabricated using a single RRP3HT channel with multiple gates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOGIC circuits
KW  - THIN films
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - POLYTHIOPHENES
KW  - SILICON nitride
N1  - Accession Number: 21125418; Pinto, N. J. 1; Email Address: nj_pinto@webmail.uprh.edu Pérez, R. 1 Mueller, C. H. 2 Theofylaktos, N. 3 Miranda, F. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Electronics, University of Puerto Rico-Humacao, 00791-4300 Puerto Rico  2: Analex Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 4/15/2006, Vol. 99 Issue 8, p084504; Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: POLYTHIOPHENES; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2188131
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yi, J.
AU  - Argon, A.S.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Internal stresses and the creep resistance of the directionally solidified ceramic eutectics
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2006/04/15/
VL  - 421
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 102
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: The creep resistance of the directionally solidified (DS) ceramic eutectic of Al2O3/c-ZrO2(Y2O3) was studied in the temperature range of 1200–1520°C. The DS eutectic morphology consists of a topologically continuous majority phase of Al2O3, with a growth texture of [0001] and an encapsulated minority c-ZrO2(Y2O3) phase in a variety of morphologies having a nearly 〈112〉 texture. The two phases are separated by well-structured but incoherent interfaces. The creep of the eutectic in its growth direction exhibits an initial transient that is attributed to stress relaxation in the c-ZrO2 phase that also allows relaxation of large initial thermal misfit stresses between phases. In steady state creep, the DS eutectic shows many of the same characteristics of creep in sapphire single crystals with c-axis orientation. The creep strain rate of the eutectic has stress exponents in the range of 4.5–5.0 and a temperature dependence suggesting a rate mechanism governed by oxygen ion diffusion in the Al2O3. A finite element analysis of distribution of internal misfit stresses and those resulting from applied stresses in the two phases, together with a detailed dislocation model of the creep rate indicate that much of the nearly nano-scale encapsulated c-ZrO2 is too small to deform by creep so that the major contribution to the recorded creep strain is derived from the diffusion-controlled climb of pyramidal edge dislocations in the Al2O3 phase. The evidence suggests that the climbing dislocations in Al2O3 must repeatly circumvent the c-ZrO2 domains acting like dispersoids resulting in the stress exponents larger than 3. The creep model is in good agreement with the experiments, and is generally supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations of dislocations in crept samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MELTING points
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - Al2O3/c-ZrO2 eutectics
KW  - Creep resistance
KW  - Directionally solidified ceramic eutectic
N1  - Accession Number: 20553941; Yi, J. 1 Argon, A.S. 1; Email Address: argon@mit.edu Sayir, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: NASA-John Glenn Research Center, Cleverland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 421 Issue 1/2, p86; Subject Term: MELTING points; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Al2O3/c-ZrO2 eutectics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directionally solidified ceramic eutectic; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2005.10.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chin, A. H.
AU  - Vaddiraju, S.
AU  - Maslov, A. V.
AU  - Ning, C. Z.
AU  - Sunkara, M. K.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Near-infrared semiconductor subwavelength-wire lasers.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/04/17/
VL  - 88
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 163115
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We report near-infrared lasing in the telecommunications band in gallium antimonide semiconductor subwavelength wires. Our results open the possibility of the use of semiconductor subwavelength-wire lasers in future photonic integrated circuits for telecommunications applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION cables
KW  - WIRE
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - PHOTONICS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 20695046; Chin, A. H. 1; Email Address: achin@mail.arc.nasa.gov Vaddiraju, S. 2 Maslov, A. V. 1 Ning, C. Z. 1; Email Address: cning@mail.arc.nasa.gov Sunkara, M. K. 3 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center ,Moffett Field, California 94035 and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292  3: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292; Source Info: 4/17/2006, Vol. 88 Issue 16, p163115; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION cables; Subject Term: WIRE; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: PHOTONICS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335920 Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423510 Metal Service Centers and Other Metal Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2198017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - The adsorption of NO2 on (9,0) and (10,0) carbon nanotubes
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2006/04/21/
VL  - 323
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 511
EP  - 518
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: On the basis of calculations, the physisorption of NO2, N2O4, and NO3 are estimated to be 5±2, 12±3, and 9±3kcal/mol, respectively. The chemisorption energy of two NO2 molecules on (9,0) and (10,0) tubes is computed to be 16 and 8kcal/mol, respectively, while the chemisorption of two NO3 molecules is much more exothermic. The implication of these binding energies on the sensor mechanism of carbon nanotubes is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - CHEMISORPTION
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - DFT
KW  - NO2
KW  - Sensors
N1  - Accession Number: 20556726; Ricca, Alessandra 1; Email Address: ricca@pegasus.arc.nasa.gov Bauschlicher, Charles W.; Email Address: charles.w.bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 323 Issue 2/3, p511; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: CHEMISORPTION; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.10.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salem, Jonathan A.
AU  - Singh, Abhishek
T1  - Polynomial expressions for estimating elastic constants from the resonance of circular plates
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2006/04/25/
VL  - 422
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 297
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Two approaches were taken to make convenient spread sheet calculations of elastic constants from resonance data and the Tables in ASTM C1259 and E1876: (1) polynomials were fit to the tables; (2) an automated spread sheet interpolation routine was generated. To compare the approaches, the resonant frequencies of circular plates made of glass, hardened maraging steel, alpha silicon carbide, silicon nitride, tungsten carbide, tape cast NiO–YSZ, and zinc selenide were measured. The elastic constants, as calculated via the polynomials and linear interpolation of the tabular data in ASTM C1259 and E1876, were found comparable for engineering purposes, with the differences typically being less than 0.5%. Calculation of additional ν values at t/R between 0 and 0.2 would allow better curve fits. This is not necessary for common engineering purposes, however, it might benefit the testing of emerging thin structures such as fuel cell electrolytes, gas conversion membranes, and coatings when Poisson''s ratio is less than 0.15 and high precision is needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARAGING steel
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - ZINC selenide
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Circular plates
KW  - Dynamic modulus of elasticity
KW  - Interpolation
KW  - Metals
KW  - Poisson's ratio
KW  - Resonance
KW  - Resonant vibration
KW  - Standards
KW  - Young's modulus
N1  - Accession Number: 20623519; Salem, Jonathan A. 1; Email Address: jonathan.a.salem@grc.nasa.gov Singh, Abhishek 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, OH 44142, United States; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 422 Issue 1/2, p292; Subject Term: MARAGING steel; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: ZINC selenide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circular plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic modulus of elasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interpolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poisson's ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonant vibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Standards; Author-Supplied Keyword: Young's modulus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2006.02.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, Richard C.
AU  - Zent, Aaron P.
AU  - Garry, James R.C.
AU  - Ringrose, Timothy J.
AU  - Towner, Martin C.
AU  - Grunthaner, Frank J.
T1  - An atmospheric oxidation monitor based on in situ thin-film deposition
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2006/04/26/
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 841
EP  - 848
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: We describe an atmospheric oxidation sensor developed and delivered as part of the European Space Agency (ESA) Beagle 2 (B2) Mars Lander Environmental Sensor Suite (ESS). The sensor monitors atmospheric oxidation rates by measuring resistance changes in a thin-silver (Ag) film deposited in situ onto a sapphire substrate while on the surface of Mars. Potential terrestrial applications of this sensing approach include long-term monitoring of oxidative contaminants in low-oxygen systems including process gases and environmental chambers. The sensor response to ppb levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) vapor in carbon dioxide (CO2) is demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - THIN films
KW  - HYDROGEN peroxide
KW  - Chemiresistor
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Mars
KW  - Oxidation sensor
KW  - EUROPEAN Space Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 20254657; Quinn, Richard C. 1,2; Email Address: rquinn@mail.arc.nasa.gov Zent, Aaron P. 3 Garry, James R.C. 2 Ringrose, Timothy J. 4 Towner, Martin C. 4 Grunthaner, Frank J. 5; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Astrobiology Group, Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Planetary and Space Science Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK  5: In Situ Exploration Technology Group, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 114 Issue 2, p841; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: HYDROGEN peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemiresistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation sensor; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Space Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2005.08.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Plachta, D. W.
AU  - Christie, R. J.
AU  - Jurns, J. M.
AU  - Kittel, P.
T1  - ZBO Cryogenic Propellant Storage Applied to a Mars Sample Return Mission Concept.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/04/27/
VL  - 823
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 212
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Zero Boil-Off (ZBO) Cryogenic Propellant Systems were designed and analyzed for a Mars sample return mission. JPL designed the spacecraft, and NASA GRC/ARC and contractors designed the cryogenic storage systems. The performance of those systems are compared to traditional storable propellant propulsion systems. The cryogenic storage system modeling included cryocoolers, heat pipes, a radiator, shadowing, MLI, foam, and tank internal components. Model descriptions and tools developed are shown, along with the systems performances and masses. Models show that the ZBO systems applied to cryogenic propellants are beneficial to the Mars mission. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Cryocoolers
KW  - Pressure Control
KW  - Propellant Storage
KW  - Space Cryogenics
KW  - Thermal Control
KW  - Zero Boil-Off
N1  - Accession Number: 20789052; Plachta, D. W. 1 Christie, R. J. 2 Jurns, J. M. 3 Kittel, P. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Zin Technologies, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: QSS Group, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 823 Issue 1, p205; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryocoolers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure Control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propellant Storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Cryogenics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal Control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zero Boil-Off; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2202418
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lovell, Thomas W.
AU  - Van Dresar, Neil T.
T1  - Cryogenic Radio Frequency Two-phase Flowmeter.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/04/27/
VL  - 823
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 280
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A mass-flow and liquid mass fraction meter has been developed for two-phase cryogenic flow. The flowmeter operates by measuring the varying average dielectric of a vapor-liquid mixture flowing through a microwave resonant cavity in the flowmeter. Tracking the fluctuating resonant frequency signals and applying appropriate signal processing allows correlation of mass-flow and liquid mass fraction to the observed signal dynamics. The flowmeter successfully captures information related to the instantaneous void fraction. Correlation of the resonant frequency data to mass-flow and liquid mass fraction is less successful. Two flowmeters in series are used to cross-correlate up- and down-stream signals to reveal the predominant flow-event velocity for any flow condition. The flowmeter successfully tracks many flow-events in the intermediate range of void fractions represented by wavy stratified flow, slug flow, and wavy annular flow. The flowmeter does not distinguish flow-events for quiescent stratified flow, bubbly flow with only a few small bubbles, or very high speed annular flow. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - FLOW meters
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - MICROWAVES
N1  - Accession Number: 20789044; Lovell, Thomas W. 1 Van Dresar, Neil T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Foster-Miller, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 823 Issue 1, p273; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: FLOW meters; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2202426
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Y.  Miller
AU  - G.  M. Chaban
AU  - B.  J. Finlayson-Pitts
AU  - R.  B. Gerber
T1  - Photochemical Processes Induced by Vibrational Overtone Excitations:  Dynamics Simulations for cis-HONO, trans-HONO, HNO3, and HNO3−H2O.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2006/04/27/
VL  - 110
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5342
EP  - 5354
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Photochemical processes in HNO3, HNO3−H2O, and cis- and trans-HONO following overtone excitation of the OH stretching mode are studied by classical trajectory simulations. Initial conditions for the trajectories are sampled according to the initially prepared vibrational wave function. Semiempirical potential energy surfaces are used in “on-the-fly” simulations. Several tests indicate at least semiquantitative validity of the potential surfaces employed. A number of interesting new processes and intermediate species are found. The main results include the following:  (1) In excitation of HNO3to the fifth and sixth OH-stretch overtone, hopping of the H atom between the oxygen atoms is found to take place in nearly all trajectories, and can persist for many picoseconds. H-atom hopping events have a higher yield and a faster time scale than the photodissociation of HNO3into OH and NO2. (2) A fraction of the trajectories for HNO3show isomerization into HOONO, which in a few cases dissociates into HOO and NO. (3) For high overtone excitation of HONO, isomerization into the weakly bound species HOON is seen in all trajectories, in part of the events as an intermediate step on the way to dissociation into OH NO. This process has not been reported previously. Well-established processes for HONO, including cis−trans isomerization and H hopping are also observed. (4) Only low overtone levels of HNO3−H2O have sufficiently long liftimes to be spectrocopically relevant. Excitation of these OH stretching overtones is found to result in the dissociation of the cluster H hopping, or dissociation of HNO3does not take place. The results demonstrate the richness of processes induced by overtone excitation of HNOxspecies, with evidence for new phenomena. Possible relevance of the results to atmospheric processes is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - REARRANGEMENTS (Chemistry)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - WAVE functions
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 36869020; Y.  Miller 1 G.  M. Chaban 1 B.  J. Finlayson-Pitts 1 R.  B. Gerber 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physical Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University,Jerusalem 91904, Israel, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, andDepartment of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 110 Issue 16, p5342; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: REARRANGEMENTS (Chemistry); Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: WAVE functions; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivosevic, M.
AU  - Knight, R.
AU  - Kalidindi, S.R.
AU  - Palmese, G.R.
AU  - Sutter, J.K.
T1  - Solid particle erosion resistance of thermally sprayed functionally graded coatings for polymer matrix composites
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2006/04/27/
VL  - 200
IS  - 16/17
M3  - Article
SP  - 5145
EP  - 5151
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: Thermally sprayed functionally graded coatings based on a polyimide matrix filled with varying volume fractions of WC–Co have been investigated to improve the erosion and oxidation resistance of polymer matrix composites. A study of the coatings'' effectiveness as erosion barriers was accomplished through a statistical analysis of the results of solid particle erosion testing of coated and uncoated polymer matrix composite (PMC) samples using a design of experiments (DoE) approach. Two coating systems and a control sample were evaluated in a randomized test matrix. The coatings were tested at room temperature and 250 °C, using an alumina erodent impacting the coatings at a speed of 100 m/s at angles of 20° and 90°. In general, as the angle of incidence of the eroding material increased from 20° to 90° the volume loss increased. Erosion volume loss at 250 °C was approximately twice that at room temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - METAL spraying
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - Composites
KW  - Erosion resistance
KW  - Functionally graded coatings
KW  - Thermal spray
N1  - Accession Number: 20181126; Ivosevic, M. 1 Knight, R. 1; Email Address: knightr@coe.drexel.edu Kalidindi, S.R. 1 Palmese, G.R. 2 Sutter, J.K. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2006, Vol. 200 Issue 16/17, p5145; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: METAL spraying; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Erosion resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functionally graded coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal spray; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2005.05.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fernández, J. Martínez
AU  - Gómez, A.R. Pínto
AU  - Cancapa, J.J. Quispe
AU  - de Arellano López, A.R.
AU  - Llorca, J.
AU  - Pastor, J.Y.
AU  - Farmer, S.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - High-temperature plastic deformation of Er2O3-doped ZrO2 single crystals
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2195
EP  - 2204
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The high-temperature plastic deformation of 5mol% Er2O3-doped ZrO2 monofilaments and rods processed by the laser-heated floating-zone method was studied using tensile and compression tests. The microstructure of the as-fabricated and plastically deformed crystals was characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The crystals were formed by a fine distribution of nanometer-sized tetragonal variants with the c-axes mutually perpendicular, this particular microstructure being a consequence of the fast quenching associated with the fabrication process. A model is proposed to analyze the interaction between dislocations gliding in the multiple {100}〈011〉 slip planes and the interaction of dislocations with the tetragonal variants, taking into account the peculiar microstructure of the material. The model explains the high work hardening observed in the system, the formation of unique plasticity-induced defects, and the high-temperature fracture mechanisms. These issues are discussed in comparison with previous studies of yttria-doped partially stabilized zirconia. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - Dislocations
KW  - High-temperature mechanical properties
KW  - Plastic deformation
KW  - Scanning/transmission electron microscopy
KW  - Zirconia
N1  - Accession Number: 20483119; Fernández, J. Martínez 1; Email Address: martinez@us.es Gómez, A.R. Pínto 1 Cancapa, J.J. Quispe 1 de Arellano López, A.R. 1 Llorca, J. 2 Pastor, J.Y. 2 Farmer, S. 3 Sayir, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics of Condensed Matter-ICMSE, University of Seville-CSIC, P.O. Box 1065, 41080 Seville, Seville, Spain  2: Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid, ETS de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040 Madrid, Spain  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p2195; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dislocations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plastic deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning/transmission electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zirconia; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.01.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geier, S.
AU  - Barbier, L.M.
AU  - Binns, W.R.
AU  - Christian, E.R.
AU  - Cummings, J.R.
AU  - deNolfo, G.A.
AU  - Hink, P.L.
AU  - Israel, M.H.
AU  - Labrador, A.W.
AU  - Link, J.T.
AU  - Mewaldt, R.A.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Rauch, B.F.
AU  - Schindler, S.M.
AU  - Scott, L.M.
AU  - Stone, E.C.
AU  - Streitmatter, R.E.
AU  - Waddington, C.J.
T1  - A search for the signature of microquasars in the cosmic ray iron spectrum measured by TIGER
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 37
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1955
EP  - 1959
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: In a recent paper Heinz and Sunyaev suggest that relativistic jets observed in microquasars might result in narrow features in the energy spectra of heavy cosmic rays with ≈1 to ≈10GeV/nuc. They further argue that such features might be observable if there has been one or more microquasars nearby within the last few million years. We report preliminary results of a search for evidence of such features using data from a 32-day balloon flight of the Trans-Iron Galactic Element Recorder (TIGER). Although this flight took place near solar maximum, calculations of the broadening effects of solar modulation indicate that a narrow feature of sufficient intensity should still be observable. An energy spectrum for iron with high statistical significance has been derived from ≈100,000 Fe events in the energy range from about 2.5 to 10GeV/nuc. Although our preliminary results do not reveal any obvious features, we will discuss the possibility of observing such features with TIGER and other instruments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Microquasars
N1  - Accession Number: 21274442; Geier, S. 1; Email Address: sgeier@caltech.edu Barbier, L.M. 2 Binns, W.R. 3 Christian, E.R. 2 Cummings, J.R. 2 deNolfo, G.A. 2 Hink, P.L. 3 Israel, M.H. 3 Labrador, A.W. 1 Link, J.T. 3 Mewaldt, R.A. 1 Mitchell, J.W. 2 Rauch, B.F. 3 Schindler, S.M. 1 Scott, L.M. 3 Stone, E.C. 1 Streitmatter, R.E. 2 Waddington, C.J. 4; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, 1200 California Blvd., MC 220-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt Road, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Washington University, Compton Hall of Sciences, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  4: University of Minnesota, Tate lab of Physics, 116 Church Street S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 37 Issue 10, p1955; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microquasars; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.10.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Park, Michael A.
T1  - Using an Adjoint Approach to Eliminate Mesh Sensitivities in Computational Design.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 948
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An adjoint algorithm for efficiently incorporating the effects of mesh sensitivities in a computational design framework is introduced. The method eliminates the need for explicit linearizations of the mesh movement scheme with respect to the geometric parameterization variables, an expense that has hindered large-scale design optimization for practical applications. The effects of the mesh sensitivities can be accounted for through the solution of an adjoint problem equivalent in cost to a single mesh movement computation, followed by an explicit matrix-vector product whose cost scales with the number of design variables and the resolution of the parameterized surface grid. The methodology augments the current practice of using adjoints solely for the flowfield and leads to a dramatic computational savings. The accuracy of the implementation is established, and several sample design optimizations are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ADJOINT differential equations
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 21535897; Nielsen, Eric J. 1,2 Park, Michael A. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Mail Stop 128, Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Member, AIAA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p948; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ADJOINT differential equations; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tianshu Liu
AU  - Kuykendoll, K.
AU  - Rhew, R.
AU  - Jones, S.
T1  - Avian Wing Geometry and Kinematics.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 954
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The avian wing geometry of a seagull, merganser, teal, and owl extracted from noncontact surface measurements using a three-dimensional laser scanner is presented. The geometrical quantities, including the camber line and thickness distribution of the airfoil, wing planform, chord distribution, and twist distribution, are given in convenient analytical expressions. The avian wing kinematics is recovered from videos of a level-flying seagull, crane, and goose based on a two-jointed arm model in which three characteristic angles are expressed in the Fourier series as a function of time. Therefore, the flapping avian wing with the correct kinematics can be computationally generated for the aerodynamic study of flapping flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - BIRDS
KW  - ANIMAL flight
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - FOURIER series
KW  - FOURIER analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 21535899; Tianshu Liu 1,2; Email Address: tianshu.liu@wmich.edu Kuykendoll, K. 3 Rhew, R. 2,4 Jones, S. 5; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, G-220, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008  2: Member, AIAA  3: Quality Assurance Specialist, Research Hardware Validation and Verification Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Engineer, Mail Stop 238, Aeronautics Systems Engineering Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Biologist, Mail Stop 238, Aeronautics Systems Engineering Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p954; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: BIRDS; Subject Term: ANIMAL flight; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: FOURIER series; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loh, Ching Y.
AU  - Hultgren, Lennart S.
T1  - Jet Screech Noise Computation.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 992
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The near-field screech-tone noise of a typical underexpanded circular jet issuing from a sonic nozzle is simulated numerically. The self-sustained feedback loop is automatically established in the simulation. The computed shock-cell structure, acoustic wave length, screech-tone frequencies, and sound pressure levels in the near field are in good agreement with existing experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR-fields
KW  - ALGEBRAIC fields
KW  - NOISE
KW  - SOUND
KW  - SUPERSONIC nozzles
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 21535908; Loh, Ching Y. 1,2 Hultgren, Lennart S. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Taitech, Inc., NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Member, AIAA  3: Senior Aerospace Research Engineer, Propulsion Systems Division, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p992; Subject Term: NEAR-fields; Subject Term: ALGEBRAIC fields; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC nozzles; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ley, Ruth E.
AU  - Harris, J. Kirk
AU  - Wilcox, Joshua
AU  - Spear, John R.
AU  - Miller, Scott R.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Maresca, Julia A.
AU  - Bryant, Donald A.
AU  - Sogin, Mitchell L.
AU  - Pace, Norman R.
T1  - Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 72
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 3685
EP  - 3695
SN  - 00992240
AB  - We applied nucleic acid-based molecular methods, combined with estimates of biomass (ATP), pigments, and microelectrode measurements of chemical gradients, to map microbial diversity vertically on a millimeter scale in a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico. To identify the constituents of the mat, small-subunit rRNA genes were amplified by PCR from community genomic DNA extracted from layers, cloned, and sequenced. Bacteria dominated the mat and displayed unexpected and unprecedented diversity. The majority (1,336) of the 1,586 bacterial 16S rRNA sequences generated were unique, representing 752 species (≥97% rRNA sequence identity) in 42 of the main bacterial phyla, including 15 novel candidate phyla. The diversity of the mat samples differentiated according to the chemical milieu defined by concentrations of O2 and H2S. Bacteria of the phylum Chloroflexi formed the majority of the biomass by percentage of bulk rRNA and of clones in rRNA gene libraries. This result contradicts the general belief that cyanobacteria dominate these communities. Although cyanobacteria constituted a large fraction of the biomass in the upper few millimeters (>80% of the total rRNA and photosynthetic pigments), Chloroflexi sequences were conspicuous throughout the mat. Filamentous Chloroflexi bacteria were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization within the polysaccharide sheaths of the prominent cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes, in addition to free living in the mat. The biological complexity of the mat far exceeds that observed in other polysaccharide-rich microbial ecosystems, such as the human and mouse distal guts, and suggests that positive feedbacks exist between chemical complexity and biological diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - MICROELECTRODES
KW  - PIGMENTS
KW  - RNA
KW  - BAJA California Sur (Mexico)
KW  - MEXICO
N1  - Accession Number: 21064557; Ley, Ruth E. 1 Harris, J. Kirk 2,3 Wilcox, Joshua 2,3 Spear, John R. 4 Miller, Scott R. 5 Bebout, Brad M. 6 Maresca, Julia A. 7 Bryant, Donald A. 7 Sogin, Mitchell L. 8 Pace, Norman R. 2,3; Email Address: nrpace@colorado.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Genome Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108  2: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309  3: Center for Astrobiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309  4: Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401  5: Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812  6: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  7: Department of Biochemist,y and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802  8: The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 025436; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 72 Issue 5, p3685; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: MICROELECTRODES; Subject Term: PIGMENTS; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: BAJA California Sur (Mexico); Subject Term: MEXICO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Ankur R.
AU  - Davis, Kenneth J.
AU  - Senff, Christoph J.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Stauffer, David R.
AU  - Reen, Brian P.
T1  - A Case Study on the Effects of Heterogeneous Soil Moisture on Mesoscale Boundary-Layer Structure in the Southern Great Plains, U.S.A. Part I: Simple Prognostic Model.
JO  - Boundary-Layer Meteorology
JF  - Boundary-Layer Meteorology
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 119
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 238
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00068314
AB  - The atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) depth was observed by airborne lidar and balloon soundings during the Southern Great Plains 1997 field study (SGP97). This paper is Part I of a two-part case study examining the relationship of surface heterogeneity to observed ABL structure. Part I focuses on observations. During two days (12–13 July 1997) following rain, midday convective ABL depth varied by as much as 1.5 km across 400 km, even with moderate winds. Variability in ABL depth was driven primarily by the spatial variation in surface buoyancy flux as measured from short towers and aircraft within the SGP97 domain. Strong correlation was found between time-integrated buoyancy flux and airborne remotely sensed surface soil moisture for the two case-study days, but only a weak correlation was found between surface energy fluxes and vegetation greenness as measured by satellite. A simple prognostic one-dimensional ABL model was applied to test to what extent the soil moisture spatial heterogeneity explained the variation in north–south ABL depth across the SGP97 domain. The model was able to better predict mean ABL depth and variations on horizontal scales of approximately 100 km using observed soil moisture instead of constant soil moisture. Subsidence, advection, convergence/divergence and spatial variability of temperature inversion strength also contributed to ABL depth variations. In Part II, assimilation of high-resolution soil moisture into a three-dimensional mesoscale model (MM5) is discussed and shown to improve predictions of ABL structure. These results have implications for ABL models and the influence of soil moisture on mesoscale meteorology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Boundary-Layer Meteorology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - SOIL physics
KW  - GROUNDWATER
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - HIGH Plains (U.S.)
KW  - Boundary-layer depth
KW  - Convective boundary layer
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Surface buoyancy flux
N1  - Accession Number: 20976723; Desai, Ankur R. 1; Email Address: adesai@psu.edu Davis, Kenneth J. 1 Senff, Christoph J. 2 Ismail, Syed 3 Browell, Edward V. 3 Stauffer, David R. 1 Reen, Brian P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building University Park 16802 U.S.A  2: Atmospheric Lidar Division, NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory, Boulder U.S.A  3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton U.S.A; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 119 Issue 2, p195; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: SOIL physics; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: HIGH Plains (U.S.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary-layer depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface buoyancy flux; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 14 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10546-005-9024-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Gormly, Sherwin
T1  - Storm Clouds.
JO  - Civil Engineering (08857024)
JF  - Civil Engineering (08857024)
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 76
IS  - 5
M3  - Letter
SP  - 10
EP  - 10
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08857024
AB  - Presents a letter to the editor in response to the article "Vaporizing the Gathering Storm," which was published in the March 2006 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - RESEARCH & development
N1  - Accession Number: 20770831; Gormly, Sherwin 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center Carson City, Nevada; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p10; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: RESEARCH & development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barth, Timothy
T1  - On discontinuous Galerkin approximations of Boltzmann moment systems with Levermore closure
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 195
IS  - 25-28
M3  - Article
SP  - 3311
EP  - 3330
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Abstract: This work considers the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element discretization of first-order systems of conservation laws derivable as moments of the kinetic Boltzmann equation with Levermore [C.D. Levermore, Moment closure hierarchies for kinetic theories, J. Statist. Phys. 83 (5–6) (1996) 1021–1065] closure. Using standard energy analysis techniques, a new class of energy stable numerical flux functions are devised for the DG discretization of Boltzmann moment systems. Simplified energy stable numerical fluxes are then constructed which replace exact state space integration in the numerical flux with Gauss–Lobatto quadrature. Numerical results for supersonic flow over a cylinder geometry in the continuum and transitional regimes using 5 and 10 moment approximations are presented using the newly devised DG discretizations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method
KW  - Entropy symmetrization
KW  - Kinetic Boltzmann equation
KW  - Levermore Boltzmann moment closure
KW  - Nonlinear conservation laws
N1  - Accession Number: 20551415; Barth, Timothy 1; Email Address: Timothy.J.Barth@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail stop T27A-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 195 Issue 25-28, p3311; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy symmetrization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetic Boltzmann equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Levermore Boltzmann moment closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear conservation laws; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cma.2005.06.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pappa, R. S.
AU  - Jones, T. W.
AU  - Lunsford, C. B.
AU  - Meyer, C. G.
T1  - IN-VACUUM PHOTOGRAMMETRY OF A TEN-METER SQUARE SOLAR SAIL.
JO  - Experimental Techniques
JF  - Experimental Techniques
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 30
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 51
SN  - 07328818
AB  - Discusses the experimental techniques used to measure a L'Garde 10-m solar sail test in vacuum with photogrammetry.  Test configuration; Components and functions of the camera systems;  Photogrammetry simulations; Test procedures.
KW  - SOLAR sails
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - PHOTOGRAMMETRY
KW  - CAMERAS
N1  - Accession Number: 20871024; Pappa, R. S. 1,2 Jones, T. W. 3 Lunsford, C. B. 4 Meyer, C. G. 5; Affiliation:  1: SEM member  2: Senior research engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  3: Research engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  4: Electrical engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  5: Mechanical engineer, PEBCO, Inc., Paducah, KY; Source Info: May/Jun2006, Vol. 30 Issue 3, p46; Subject Term: SOLAR sails; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAMMETRY; Subject Term: CAMERAS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443145 Camera and photographic supplies stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423410 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414430 Photographic equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2006.00042.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghoshal, Anindya
AU  - Kim, Heung Soo
AU  - Kim, Jaehwan
AU  - Choi, Seung-Bok
AU  - Prosser, William H.
AU  - Tai, Hsiang
T1  - Modeling delamination in composite structures by incorporating the Fermi–Dirac distribution function and hybrid damage indicators
JO  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
JF  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 42
IS  - 8/9
M3  - Article
SP  - 715
EP  - 725
SN  - 0168874X
AB  - Abstract: Conventional finite element approaches for modeling delaminations in laminated composite structures use the Heaviside unit step function at the interfacial nodes in the delaminated zone of the structure to model the possible jumps in the displacement field during “breathing” of the delaminated layers. In quantum mechanics, the Fermi–Dirac distribution applies to Fermion particles whose characteristics are half-integer spins. The present paper uses the Fermi–Dirac distribution function to model a smoother transition in the displacement and the strain fields of the delaminated interfaces during the opening and closing of the delaminated layers under vibratory loads. This paper successfully shows that the Fermi–Dirac distribution function can be used to more accurately model the dynamic effects of delaminations in laminated composite structures. Optimizing the parameters in the Fermi–Dirac distribution function can lead to more accurate modeling of the dynamic and transient behavior of the delaminated zones in laminated composite structures. This paper also effectively demonstrates how hybrid sensors comprising of out of plane displacement sensors and in plane strain sensors can effectively map a composite structure to detect and locate the delaminated zones. It also shows how simple mode shapes can be used to determine the locations of single and multiple delaminations in laminated composite structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Finite Elements in Analysis & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Delaminations
KW  - Fermi–Dirac distribution function
KW  - Hybrid damage indicator
N1  - Accession Number: 20523795; Ghoshal, Anindya 1 Kim, Heung Soo 2; Email Address: heungsookim@inha.ac.kr Kim, Jaehwan 2 Choi, Seung-Bok 2 Prosser, William H. 3 Tai, Hsiang 3; Affiliation:  1: United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, MS 129-73, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Inha University, 253 YongHyun-Dong, Nam-Ku, Incheon 402-751, Republic of Korea  3: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681, UK; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 42 Issue 8/9, p715; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delaminations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fermi–Dirac distribution function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid damage indicator; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.finel.2005.10.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, D.
AU  - Simon, D. L.
T1  - Kalman filtering with inequality constraints for turbofan engine health estimation.
JO  - IEE Proceedings -- Control Theory & Applications
JF  - IEE Proceedings -- Control Theory & Applications
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 153
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 371
EP  - 378
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 13502379
AB  - Kalman filters are often used to estimate the state variables of a dynamic system. However, in the application of Kalman filters some known signal information is often either ignored or dealt with heuristically. For instance, state-variable constraints (which may be based on physical considerations) are often neglected because they do not fit easily into the structure of the Kalman filter. Thus, two analytical methods to incorporate state-variable inequality constraints into the Kalman filter are now derived. The first method is a general technique that uses hard constraints to enforce inequalities on the state-variable estimates. The resultant filter is a combination of a standard Kalman filter and a quadratic programming problem. The second method uses soft constraints to estimate those state variables that are known to vary slowly with time. (Soft constraints are constraints that are required to be approximately satisfied rather than exactly satisfied.) The incorporation of state-variable constraints increases the computational effort of the filter but significantly improves its estimation accuracy. The improvement is proven theoretically and simulations are used to show that the proposed algorithms can provide an improved performance over unconstrained Kalman filtering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEE Proceedings -- Control Theory & Applications is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - MATHEMATICAL programming
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 20179370; Simon, D. 1; Email Address: d.j.simon@csuohio.edu Simon, D. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland State University, Stilwell Hall, Room 332, 1960 East 24th Street, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: US Army Research Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 153 Issue 3, p371; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: HEURISTIC; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL programming; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/ip-cta:20050074
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20179370&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schoeberl, Mark R.
AU  - Douglass, Anne R.
AU  - Hilsenrath, Ernest
AU  - Bhartia, Pawan K.
AU  - Beer, Reinhard
AU  - Waters, Joe William
AU  - Gunson, Michael R.
AU  - Froidevaux, Lucien
AU  - Gille, John C.
AU  - Barnett, John J.
AU  - Levelt, Pieternel F.
AU  - DeCola, Phil
T1  - Overview of the EOS Aura Mission.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1066
EP  - 1074
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Aura, the last of the large Earth Observing System observatories, was launched on July 15, 2004. Aura is designed to make comprehensive stratospheric and tropospheric composition measurements from its four instruments, the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES). With the exception of HIRDLS, all of the instruments are performing as expected, and HIRDLS will likely be able to deliver most of their planned data products. We summarize the mission, instruments, and synergies in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - Aura
KW  - Earth Observing Syteni (EOS)
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 20902551; Schoeberl, Mark R. 1; Email Address: mark.r.schoeberl@nasa.gov Douglass, Anne R. 1 Hilsenrath, Ernest 1 Bhartia, Pawan K. 1 Beer, Reinhard 2 Waters, Joe William 2 Gunson, Michael R. 2 Froidevaux, Lucien 2 Gille, John C. 3 Barnett, John J. 4 Levelt, Pieternel F. 5 DeCola, Phil 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Pasadena, CA 91109 USA  3: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA  4: Oxford University, Oxford, OX1 2JD, U.K  5: Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute (KNMI), KS/AS, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, 20546 USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1066; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aura; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Observing Syteni (EOS); Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Color Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2005.861950
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20902551&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joiner, Joanna
AU  - Vasilkov, Alexander P.
T1  - First Results From the OMI Rotational Raman Scattering Cloud Pressure Algorithm.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1272
EP  - 1282
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We have developed an algorithm to retrieve scattering cloud pressures and other cloud properties with the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The scattering cloud pressure is retrieved using the effects of rotational Raman scattering (RRS). It is defined as the pressure of a Lambertian surface that would produce the observed amount of RRS consistent with the derived reflectivity of that surface. The independent pixel approximation is used in conjunction with the Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity model to provide an effective radiative cloud fraction and scattering pressure in the presence of broken or thin cloud. The derived cloud pressures will enable accurate retrievals of trace gas mixing ratios, including ozone, in the troposphere within and above clouds. We describe details of the algorithm that will be used for the first release of these products. We compare our scattering cloud pressures with cloud-top pressures and other cloud properties from the Aqua Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. OMI and MODIS are part of the so-called A-train satellites flying in formation within 30 min of each other. Differences between OMI and MODIS are expected because the MODIS observations in the thermal infrared are more sensitive to the cloud top whereas the backscattered photons in the ultraviolet can penetrate deeper into clouds. Radiative transfer calculations are consistent with the observed differences. The OMI cloud pressures are shown to be correlated with the cirrus reflectance. This relationship indicates that OMI can probe through thin or moderately thick cirrus to lower lying water clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Cloud
KW  - Raman
KW  - retrieval
KW  - scattering
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 20902569; Joiner, Joanna 1; Email Address: joanna.joiner@nasa.gov Vasilkov, Alexander P. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1272; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman; Author-Supplied Keyword: retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2005.861385
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20902569&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bowman, Kevin W.
AU  - Rodgers, Clive D.
AU  - Kulawik, Susan Sund
AU  - Worden, John
AU  - Sarkissian, Edwin
AU  - Osterman, Greg
AU  - Steck, Tilman
AU  - Ming Lou
AU  - Eldering, Annmarie
AU  - Shephard, Mark
AU  - Worden, Helen
AU  - Lampel, Michael
AU  - Clough, Shepard
AU  - Brown, Pat
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis
AU  - Gunson, Michael
AU  - Beer, Reinhard
T1  - Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer: Retrieval Method and Error Analysis.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1297
EP  - 1307
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We describe the approach for the estimation of the atmospheric state, e.g., temperature, water, ozone, from calibrated, spectral radiances measured from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) onboard the Aura spacecraft. The methodology is based on the maximum a posteriori estimate, which mathematically requires the minimization of the difference between observed spectral radiances and a nonlinear model of radiative transfer of the atmospheric state subject to the constraint that the estimated state must be consistent with an a priori probability distribution for that state. The minimization techniques employed here are based on the trust-region Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. An analysis of the errors for this estimate include smoothing, random, spectroscopic, ‘cross-state,’ representation, and systematic errors. In addition, several metrics and diagnostics are introduced that assess the resolution, quality, and statistical significance of the retrievals. We illustrate this methodology for the retrieval of atmospheric and surface temperature, water vapor, and ozone over the Gulf of Mexico on November 3, 2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - Atmospheres
KW  - constituents
KW  - inverse methods
KW  - remote sounding
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 20902572; Bowman, Kevin W. 1; Email Address: kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov Rodgers, Clive D. 2 Kulawik, Susan Sund 1 Worden, John 1 Sarkissian, Edwin 1 Osterman, Greg 1 Steck, Tilman 3 Ming Lou 1 Eldering, Annmarie 1 Shephard, Mark 4 Worden, Helen 1 Lampel, Michael 5 Clough, Shepard 4 Brown, Pat 6 Rinsland, Curtis 7 Gunson, Michael 1 Beer, Reinhard 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Pasadena, CA 91109 USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, U.K.  3: Institut for Meterologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe 76021, Germany  4: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Lexington, MA 02421 USA  5: Raytheon, ITSS, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA  6: Hartford Financial Services, Hartford, CT 06115 USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1297; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: constituents; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sounding; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.871234
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20902572&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clough, Shepard A.
AU  - Shephard, Mark W.
AU  - Worden, John
AU  - Brown, Patrick D.
AU  - Worden, Helen M.
AU  - Mingzhao Luo
AU  - Rodgers, Clive D.
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Brown, Linda
AU  - Kulawik, Susan S.
AU  - Eldering, Annmarie
AU  - Lampel, Michael
AU  - Osterman, Greg
AU  - Beer, Reinhard
AU  - Bowman, Kevin
AU  - Cady-Pereira, Karen E.
AU  - Mlawer, Eli J.
T1  - Forward Model and Jacobians for Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Retrievals.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1308
EP  - 1323
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) is a high-resolution spaceborne sensor that is capable of observing tropospheric species. In order to exploit fully TES's potential for tropospheric constituent retrievals, an accurate and fast operational forward model was developed for TES. The forward model is an important component of the TES retrieval model, the Earth Limb and Nadir Operational Retrieval (ELANOR), as it governs the accuracy and speed of the calculations for the retrievals. In order to achieve the necessary accuracy and computational efficiency, TES adopted the strategy of utilizing precalculated absorption coefficients generated by the line-by-line calculations provided by line-by-line radiation transfer modeling. The decision to perform the radiative transfer with the highest monochromatic accuracy attainable, rather than with an accelerated scheme that has the potential to add algorithmic forward model error, has proven to be very successful for TES retrievals. A detailed description of the TES forward model and Jacobians is described. A preliminary TES observation is provided as an example to demonstrate that the TES forward model calculations represent TES observations. Also presented is a validation example, which is part of the extensive forward model validation effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE photography
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - JACOBIAN matrices
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ALGEBRAIC curves
KW  - Earth Limb and Nadir Operational Retrieval (ELANOR)
KW  - forward model
KW  - Jacobians
KW  - line-by-line radiation transfer modeling (LBLRTM)
KW  - radiative transfer (RT)
KW  - TES
KW  - Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES)
N1  - Accession Number: 20902573; Clough, Shepard A. 1; Email Address: sclough@aer.com Shephard, Mark W. 1; Email Address: mshephar@aer.com Worden, John 2 Brown, Patrick D. 1,3 Worden, Helen M. 2 Mingzhao Luo 2 Rodgers, Clive D. 4 Rinsland, Curtis P. 5 Goldman, Aaron 6 Brown, Linda 2 Kulawik, Susan S. 2 Eldering, Annmarie 2 Lampel, Michael 7 Osterman, Greg 2 Beer, Reinhard 2 Bowman, Kevin 2 Cady-Pereira, Karen E. 1 Mlawer, Eli J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), Lexington, MA 02421-3126 SA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA  3: Hartford Financial Services Group, Hartford, CT 06115 USA  4: Oxford University, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, OX1 3PU, U.K.  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-3142, USA  6: University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA  7: Raytheon Technical Services Co., LLC, Pasadena, CA 91101 USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1308; Subject Term: SPACE photography; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: JACOBIAN matrices; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ALGEBRAIC curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Limb and Nadir Operational Retrieval (ELANOR); Author-Supplied Keyword: forward model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jacobians; Author-Supplied Keyword: line-by-line radiation transfer modeling (LBLRTM); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer (RT); Author-Supplied Keyword: TES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2005.860986
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20902573&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gandhi, Tarak
AU  - Mau-Tsuen Yang
AU  - Kasturi, Rangachar
AU  - Camps, Octavia I.
AU  - Coraor, Lee D.
AU  - McCandless, Jeffrey
T1  - Performance Characterization of the Dynamic Programming Obstacle Detection Algorithm.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1202
EP  - 1214
SN  - 10577149
AB  - A computer vision-based system using images from an airborne aircraft can increase flight safety by aiding the pilot to detect obstacles in the flight path so as to avoid mid-air collisions. Such a system fits naturally with the development of an external vision system proposed by NASA for use in high-speed civil transport aircraft with limited cockpit visibility. The detection techniques should provide high detection probability for obstacles that can vary from subpixels to a few pixels in size, while maintaining a low false alarm probability in the presence of noise and severe background clutter. Furthermore, the detection algorithms must be able to report such obstacles in a timely fashion, imposing severe constraints on their execution time. For this purpose, we have implemented a number of algorithms to detect airborne obstacles using image sequences obtained from a camera mounted on an aircraft. This paper describes the methodology used for characterizing the performance of the dynamic programming obstacle detection algorithm and its special cases. The experimental results were obtained using several types of image sequences, with simulated and real backgrounds. The approximate performance of the algorithm is also theoretically derived using principles of statistical analysis in terms of the signal-to-noise ration (SNR) required for the probabilities of false alarms and misdetections to be lower than prespecified values. The theoretical and experimental performance are compared in terms of the required SNR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Image Processing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - FALSE alarms
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
KW  - Autonomous navigation
KW  - dynamic programming
KW  - obstacle detection
KW  - performance characterization
KW  - target detection
N1  - Accession Number: 20648272; Gandhi, Tarak 1; Email Address: tarakgandhi@hotmail.com Mau-Tsuen Yang 2; Email Address: mtyang@mail.ndhu.edu.tw Kasturi, Rangachar 3; Email Address: rlk@cse.usf.edu Camps, Octavia I. 4,5; Email Address: camps@psu.edu Coraor, Lee D. 5; Email Address: coraor@cse.psu.edu McCandless, Jeffrey 6; Email Address: jeffrey.mccandless@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computer Vision and Robotics Research Laboratory, University California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093-0434 USA.  2: Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan, R.O.C.  3: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620 USA.  4: Department of Electrical Engineering,  Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.  5: Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p1202; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: FALSE alarms; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: DYNAMIC programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomous navigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: obstacle detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: performance characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: target detection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIP.2005.863973
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20648272&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Polak, Simon
AU  - Barniv, Yair
AU  - Baram, Yoram
T1  - Head Motion Anticipation for Virtual-Environment Applications Using Kinematics and EMG Energy.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 569
EP  - 576
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Real-time human-computer interaction plays an important role in virtual-environment (VE) applications. Such interaction can be improved by detecting and reacting to the user's head motion. Today's VE systems use head-mounted inertial sensors to update and spatially stabilize the image displayed to a user through a head-mounted display. Since motion can only be detected after it has already occurred, latencies in the stabilization scheme can only be reduced but never eliminated. Such latencies slow down manual control, cause inaccuracies in matching real and virtual objects through a half-transparent display, and reduce the sense of presence. This paper presents novel methods for reducing VE latencies by anticipating future head motion based on electromyographic (EMG) signals originating from the major neck muscles and head kinematics; it also reports results for anticipation of 17.5 and 35 ms. Features extracted from the EMG signals are used to train a neural network in mapping EMG data, given present head kinematics, into future head motion. The trained network is then used in real time for head-motion anticipation, which gives the VE system the time advantage necessary to compensate for the inherent latencies. The main contribution of this work is the use of EMG energy and bounded head acceleration as the key input/output information, which results in improved performance compared to the previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - ERGONOMICS
KW  - ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
KW  - KNOWLEDGE management
KW  - Electromyogram
KW  - head-mounted display
KW  - neural networks
KW  - pattern recognition
KW  - virtual environment
N1  - Accession Number: 20992306; Polak, Simon 1; Email Address: cspolak@tx.technion.ac.il Barniv, Yair 2; Email Address: ybarniv@mail.arc.nasa.gov Baram, Yoram 1; Email Address: baram@cs.technion.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Computer Science Department, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel  2: Human Information Processing Research Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p569; Subject Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: ERGONOMICS; Subject Term: ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromyogram; Author-Supplied Keyword: head-mounted display; Author-Supplied Keyword: neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: pattern recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: virtual environment; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2005.855781
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=20992306&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apetre, N.A.
AU  - Sankar, B.V.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Low-velocity impact response of sandwich beams with functionally graded core
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2479
EP  - 2496
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: The problem of low-speed impact of a one-dimensional sandwich panel by a rigid cylindrical projectile is considered. The core of the sandwich panel is functionally graded such that the density, and hence its stiffness, vary through the thickness. The problem is a combination of static contact problem and dynamic response of the sandwich panel obtained via a simple nonlinear spring-mass model (quasi-static approximation). The variation of core Young’s modulus is represented by a polynomial in the thickness coordinate, but the Poisson’s ratio is kept constant. The two-dimensional elasticity equations for the plane sandwich structure are solved using a combination of Fourier series and Galerkin method. The contact problem is solved using the assumed contact stress distribution method. For the impact problem we used a simple dynamic model based on quasi-static behavior of the panel—the sandwich beam was modeled as a combination of two springs, a linear spring to account for the global deflection and a nonlinear spring to represent the local indentation effects. Results indicate that the contact stiffness of the beam with graded core increases causing the contact stresses and other stress components in the vicinity of contact to increase. However, the values of maximum strains corresponding to the maximum impact load are reduced considerably due to grading of the core properties. For a better comparison, the thickness of the functionally graded cores was chosen such that the flexural stiffness was equal to that of a beam with homogeneous core. The results indicate that functionally graded cores can be used effectively to mitigate or completely prevent impact damage in sandwich composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ELASTIC solids
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - Contact problem
KW  - Functionally graded cores
KW  - Functionally graded materials
KW  - Impact damage
KW  - Low-velocity impact
KW  - Sandwich panels
N1  - Accession Number: 20013525; Apetre, N.A. 1 Sankar, B.V. 1; Email Address: sankar@ufl.edu Ambur, D.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 43 Issue 9, p2479; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELASTIC solids; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functionally graded cores; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functionally graded materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-velocity impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich panels; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.06.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Linfa
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Nonlinear transient response of strain rate dependent composite laminated plates using multiscale simulation
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2602
EP  - 2630
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: The effects of strain rate dependency and inelasticity on the transient responses of composite laminated plates are investigated. A micromechanics model which accounts for the transverse shear stress effect, the effect of strain rate dependency and the effect of inelasticity is used for analyzing the mechanical responses of the fiber and matrix constituents. The accuracy of the micromechanics model under transverse shear loading is verified by comparing the results with those obtained using a general purpose finite element code. A higher order laminated plate theory is extended to capture the inelastic deformations of the composite plate and is implemented using the finite element technique. A complete micro–macro numerical procedure is developed to model the strain rate dependent behavior of inelastic composite laminates by implementing the micromechanics model into the finite element model. Parametric studies of the transient responses of composite plates are conduced. The effects of geometry, ply stacking sequence, material models, boundary conditions and loadings are investigated. The results show that the strain rate dependency and inelasticity influence the transient responses of composite plates via two significantly different mechanisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - ELASTIC solids
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Composite laminates
KW  - Micromechanics model
KW  - Multiscale simulation
KW  - Transient response
N1  - Accession Number: 20013530; Zhu, Linfa 1; Email Address: linfa.zhu@asu.edu Chattopadhyay, Aditi 1 Goldberg, Robert K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 43 Issue 9, p2602; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Subject Term: ELASTIC solids; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanics model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transient response; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.06.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, D. Bruce
AU  - McConnell, Jeffrey K.
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
T1  - Transonic Free-to-Roll Analysis of the F-35 (Joint Strike Fighter) Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 608
EP  - 615
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The free-to-roll technique is used as a tool for predicting areas of uncommanded lateral motions. Recently, the NASA/Navy/Air Force Abrupt Wing Stall Program extended the use of this technique to the transonic speed regime. Using this technique, this paper evaluates various wing configurations on the Joint Strike Fighter (F-35) aircraft. The configurations investigated include leading- and trailing-edge flap deflections, leading-edge flap gap seals, and vortex generators. These tests were conducted in the NASA Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel. The analysis used a modification of a figure of merit developed during the Abrupt Wing Stall Program to discern configuration effects. The results showed how the figure of merit can be used to schedule wing flap deflections to avoid areas of uncommanded lateral motion. The analysis also used both static and dynamic wind-tunnel data to provide insight into the uncommanded lateral behavior. The dynamic data were extracted from the time history data using parameter identification techniques. In general, sealing the gap between the inboard and outboard leading-edge flaps on the Navy version of the F-35 eliminated uncommanded lateral activity or delayed the activity to a higher angle of attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
N1  - Accession Number: 21802383; Owens, D. Bruce 1,2 McConnell, Jeffrey K. 3,4 Brandon, Jay M. 1,4 Hall, Robert M. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Fort Worth, Texas 76101  4: Member AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p608; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, W.
AU  - Krist, S.
AU  - Campbell, R.
T1  - Transonic Airfoil Shape Optimization in Preliminary Design Environment.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 639
EP  - 651
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A modified profile optimization method using a smoothest shape modification strategy (POSSEM) is developed for airfoil shape optimization in a preliminary design environment. POSSEM is formulated to overcome two technical difficulties frequently encountered when conducting multipoint airfoil optimization within a high-resolution design space: the generation of undesirable optimal airfoil shapes and significant degradation in the off-design performance. To demonstrate the usefulness of POSSEM in a preliminary design environment, a design competition was conducted with the objective of improving a fairly well-designed baseline airfoil at four transonic flight conditions without incurring any off-design performance degradation. Independently, two designs were generated from the inverse design tool CDISC, while a third design was generated from POSSEM using over 200 control points of a cubic B-spline curve representation of the airfoil as design variables for the shape optimization. Pros and cons of all of the airfoil designs are documented along with in-depth analyses of simulation results. The POSSEM design exhibits a fairly smooth curvature and no degradation in the off-design performance. Moreover, it has the lowest average drag at the design conditions among the three airfoil designs, as evaluated from each of three different flow solvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21802386; Li, W. 1,2 Krist, S. 1,2 Campbell, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Member AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p639; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
T1  - Origin of Exponential Solution for Laminar Decay of Isolated Vortex.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 712
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The origin of the exact, closed-form, self-similar exponential solution for the laminar decay of an isolated two-dimensional vortex in a viscous incompressible fluid is studied to find a proper name for the function. Two major contributions to the solution are the similarity parameter derived by Boltzmann and the derivation of the form of the solution by Carslaw for the diffusion of heat from a line source, that is, a spark or lightning stroke. Lamb adapted the heat transfer solution derived by Carslaw to the time-dependent diffusion of vorticity from a potential line vortex, and, after publication of his book, has provided a short, complete, and readily available derivation. Oseen's derivation followed about four years later and is not as complete. Various titles for the solution are believed to be appropriate, including a generic name such as exponential vortex solution, or the name of Lamb. The name of Lamb is probably the most appropriate because he was the first in existing literature to put the entire derivation together and because the presentation is compact, complete, and readily available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - VORTEX generators
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - LIGHTNING
KW  - HEAT transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 21802393; Rossow, Vernon J. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p709; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: LIGHTNING; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potsdam, Mark
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Rotor Airloads Prediction Using Loose Aerodynamic/Structural Coupling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 732
EP  - 742
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code and rotorcraft computational structural dynamics (CSD) code are coupled to calculate helicopter rotor airloads across a range of flight conditions. An iterative loose (weak) coupling methodology is used to couple the CFD and CSD codes on a per revolution, periodic basis. The CFD code uses a high fidelity, Navier-Stokes, overset grid methodology with first principles-based wake capturing. Modifications are made to the CFD code for the aeroelastic analysis. For a UH-60A Blackhawk helicopter, three challenging level flight conditions are computed: 1) high speed, µ = 0.37, with advancing blade negative lift, 2) low speed, µ = 0.15, with blade-vortex interaction, and 3) high thrust with dynamic stall, µ = 0.24. Results are compared with UH-60A Airloads Program flight test data. For all cases the loose coupling methodology is shown to be stable, convergent, and robust with full coupling of normal force, pitching moment, and chord force. In comparison With flight test data, normal force and pitching moment phase and magnitude are in good agreement. The shapes of the airloads curves are well captured. Overall, the results are a noteworthy improvement over lifting line aerodynamics used in rotorcraft comprehensive codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 21802396; Potsdam, Mark 1; Email Address: mpotsdam@mail.arc.nasa.gov Hyeonsoo Yeo 1 Johnson, Wayne 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p732; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chabalko, Christopher C.
AU  - Hajj, Muhammad R.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Flutter of High-Speed Civil Transport Flexible Semispan Model: Time-Frequency Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/05//May/Jun2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 743
EP  - 748
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Time/frequency analysis of fluctuations measured by pressure taps and strain gauges ill the experimental studies of the flexible semispan model of a high-speed civil transport wing configuration is performed. The interest is ill determining the coupling between the aerodynamic loads and structural motions that led to the hard flutter conditions and loss of the model. The results show that, away from the hard flutter point, the aerodynamic loads at all pressure taps near the wing tip and the structural motions contained the same frequency components. On the other hand, in the flow conditions leading to the hard flutter, the frequency content of the pressure fluctuations near the leading and trailing edges varied significantly. This led to contribution to the structural motions over two frequency ranges. The ratio of these ranges was near 2:1, which suggests the possibility of nonlinear structural coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - OSCILLATING wings (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21802397; Chabalko, Christopher C. 1,2 Hajj, Muhammad R. 2,3; Email Address: mhajj@vt.edu Silva, Walter A. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Research Assistant, 0219 Norris Hall, Department of Engineering Science ad Mechanics  2: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0219  3: Professor, 0219 Norris Hall, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  5: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2006, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p743; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: OSCILLATING wings (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bandyopadhyay, Promode R.
AU  - Berger, Stanley
AU  - Cambon, Claude
AU  - Daumas-Bataille, Francoise
AU  - Hanjalic, Kemo
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Siginer, Dennis
AU  - Ye Zhou
T1  - Addendum to the Foreword Reflections on Charles G. Speziale.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 356
EP  - 359
SN  - 00218936
AB  - The article presents several reflections on the late Charles G. Speziale. Promode R. Bandyopadhyay of the U.S. Naval Undersea Warfare Center reflects on the lessons that he learned from Speziale regarding robust turbulence methodology. Claude Cambon of Ecole Centrale de Lyon in France recalls Speziale's deep-seated interest in fundamental aspects of fluid dynamics.
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - APPLIED mechanics
KW  - SPEZIALE, Charles G.
N1  - Accession Number: 22750091; Bandyopadhyay, Promode R. 1; Email Address: BandyopadhyayPR@Npt.NUWC.Navy.Mil Berger, Stanley 2; Email Address: saberger@me.berkeley.edu Cambon, Claude 3; Email Address: Claude.Cambon@ec-lyon.fr Daumas-Bataille, Francoise 4; Email Address: francoise.daumas-bataille@univ-perp.fr Hanjalic, Kemo 5; Email Address: hanjalic@ws.tn.tudelft.nl Rubinstein, Robert 6; Email Address: bobr@cfdlab.larc.nasa.gov Siginer, Dennis 7; Email Address: dennis.siginer@wichita.edu Ye Zhou 8; Email Address: zhou3@llnl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI  2: University of California, Berkeley, CA  3: Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France  4: Université de Perpignan, Perpignan, France  5: Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  7: Wichita State University, Wichita, KS  8: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 73 Issue 3, p356; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: APPLIED mechanics; People: SPEZIALE, Charles G.; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hussaini, M. Yousuff
AU  - Thangam, Siva
AU  - Woodruff, Stephen L.
AU  - Ye Zhou
T1  - Development of a Continuous Model for Simulation of Turbulent Flows.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 73
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 441
EP  - 448
SN  - 00218936
AB  - The development of a continuous turbulence model that is suitable for representing both the subgrid scale stresses in large eddy simulation and the Reynolds stresses in the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes formulation is described. A recursion approach is used to bridge the length scale disparity from the cutoff wave number to those in the energy containing range. The proposed model is analyzed in conjunction with direct numerical simulations of Kolmogorov flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - DYNAMIC meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 22750102; Hussaini, M. Yousuff 1 Thangam, Siva 2 Woodruff, Stephen L. 3 Ye Zhou 4,5; Affiliation:  1: School of Computational Science and Information Technology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030  3: Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306  4: ICASE, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  5: Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94551; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 73 Issue 3, p441; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: DYNAMIC meteorology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2173006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hirshon, Jon
AU  - Weiss, Sheila
AU  - LoCasale, Robert
AU  - Levine, Elissa
AU  - Blaisdell, Carol
T1  - Looking Beyond Urban/Rural Differences: Emergency Department Utilization by Asthmatic Children.
JO  - Journal of Asthma
JF  - Journal of Asthma
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 306
SN  - 02770903
AB  - Asthma causes pediatric morbidity throughout the US with substantial regional variability. Emergency department (ED) utilization data were studied to determine if geographic variability of pediatric asthma cases exists within a state. Records for non-neonatal Maryland children less than 18 years of age seen and discharged from Maryland EDs from April 1997 through March 2001 were analyzed. While Baltimore City had the highest rates of asthma visits, adjusted odds ratios identified the wealthiest suburban county to have a higher risk of an asthma ED visit. Children from rural counties, for the most part, had fewer ED asthma visits than children from urban and suburban counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Asthma is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTHMA in children
KW  - EMERGENCY medical services
KW  - HOSPITAL emergency services
KW  - HOSPITAL utilization
KW  - MARYLAND
KW  - asthma
KW  - children
KW  - emergency departments
KW  - geographic variability
KW  - Maryland
N1  - Accession Number: 20750660; Hirshon, Jon 1; Email Address: jhirs001@umaryland.edu Weiss, Sheila 2 LoCasale, Robert 3 Levine, Elissa 4 Blaisdell, Carol 5; Affiliation:  1: Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine  2: Center on Drugs and Public Policy, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine  3: Department of Pharmaceutical Health Services Research, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA  5: Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p301; Subject Term: ASTHMA in children; Subject Term: EMERGENCY medical services; Subject Term: HOSPITAL emergency services; Subject Term: HOSPITAL utilization; Subject Term: MARYLAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: asthma; Author-Supplied Keyword: children; Author-Supplied Keyword: emergency departments; Author-Supplied Keyword: geographic variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maryland; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913130 Municipal police services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02770900600623255
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarez, J. M.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hunt, W. H.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Calibration Technique for Polarization-Sensitive Lidars.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 23
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 683
EP  - 699
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Polarization-sensitive lidars have proven to be highly effective in discriminating between spherical and nonspherical particles in the atmosphere. These lidars use a linearly polarized laser and are equipped with a receiver that can separately measure the components of the return signal polarized parallel and perpendicular to the outgoing beam. In this work a technique for calibrating polarization-sensitive lidars is described that was originally developed at NASA's Langley Research Center (LaRC) and has been used continually over the past 15 yr. The procedure uses a rotatable half-wave plate inserted into the optical path of the lidar receiver to introduce controlled amounts of polarization cross talk into a sequence of atmospheric backscatter measurements. Solving the resulting system of nonlinear equations generates the system calibration constants (gain ratio and offset angle) required for deriving calibrated measurements of depolarization ratio from the lidar signals. In addition, this procedure also determines the mean depolarization ratio within the region of the atmosphere that is analyzed. Simulations and error propagation studies show the method to be both reliable and well behaved. Operational details of the technique are illustrated using measurements obtained as part of LaRC's participation in the First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Regional Experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL optics
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Laser observations
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 20887411; Alvarez, J. M. 1 Vaughan, M. A. 2; Email Address: m.a.vaughan@larc.nasa.gov Hostetler, C. A. 1 Hunt, W. H. 2 Winker, D. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 23 Issue 5, p683; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL optics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Laser observations; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ridley, B. A.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
AU  - Plant, J. V.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Montzka, D. D.
AU  - Weinheimer, A. J.
AU  - Knapp, D. J.
AU  - Dye, J. E.
AU  - Richard, E. C.
T1  - Sampling of Chemical Constituents in Electrically Active Convective Systems: Results and Cautions.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - On flights of a P3-B turboprop and a WB-57F jet aircraft within thunderstorm systems, short term spikes (1–2 sec or less in duration) in NO and O3 were recorded and are attributed to hot or cold discharges occurring on the aircraft fuselage or air sampling inlets. One such spike of only ∼300 msec duration reached 325 ppbv of NO on the flight of the jet aircraft while at 13.8 km altitude. In a lightning flash to the P3-B aircraft, production of NO (expected) and NO2 (unexpected) were directly observed. The NO production was ∼ 1.7 x 1022 molecules/m of flash length. In the P3-B flight at 5.5 km altitude and over a distance of ∼ 275 km within a highly electrically active thunderstorm complex in the equatorial central Pacific Ocean, there was no evidence of production of O3 or CO by lightning flashes or by any type of hot or cold discharge involved in the development of free-air lightning flashes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOELECTROMAGNETIC effects
KW  - LIGHTNING
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - OZONE
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - THUNDERSTORMS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - AIR sampling apparatus
KW  - PACIFIC Ocean
KW  - aircraft discharges
KW  - carbon monoxide
KW  - CRYSTAL-FACE
KW  - lightning
KW  - nitric oxide
KW  - ozone
KW  - PEM-tropics B
N1  - Accession Number: 21708225; Ridley, B. A. 1; Email Address: ridley@ucar.edu Avery, M. A. 2 Plant, J. V. 2 Vay, S. A. 2 Montzka, D. D. 1 Weinheimer, A. J. 1 Knapp, D. J. 1 Dye, J. E. 1 Richard, E. C. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  2: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, 23681, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, USA  3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTROMAGNETIC effects; Subject Term: LIGHTNING; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: THUNDERSTORMS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: AIR sampling apparatus; Subject Term: PACIFIC Ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: CRYSTAL-FACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: lightning; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitric oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEM-tropics B; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-005-9007-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiquan Dong
AU  - Baike Xi
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - A Climatology of Midlatitude Continental Clouds from the ARM SGP Central Facility. Part II: Cloud Fraction and Surface Radiative Forcing.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1765
EP  - 1783
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Data collected at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility (SCF) are analyzed to determine the monthly and hourly variations of cloud fraction and radiative forcing between January 1997 and December 2002. Cloud fractions are estimated for total cloud cover and for single-layered low (0–3 km), middle (3–6 km), and high clouds (>6 km) using ARM SCF ground-based paired lidar–radar measurements. Shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes are derived from up- and down-looking standard precision spectral pyranometers and precision infrared radiometer measurements with uncertainties of ∼10 W m-2. The annual averages of total and single-layered low-, middle-, and high-cloud fractions are 0.49, 0.11, 0.03, and 0.17, respectively. Both total- and low-cloud amounts peak during January and February and reach a minimum during July and August; high clouds occur more frequently than other types of clouds with a peak in summer. The average annual downwelling surface SW fluxes for total and low clouds (151 and 138 W m-2, respectively) are less than those under middle and high clouds (188 and 201 W m-2, respectively), but the downwelling LW fluxes (349 and 356 W m-2) underneath total and low clouds are greater than those from middle and high clouds (337 and 333 W m-2). Low clouds produce the largest LW warming (55 W m-2) and SW cooling (-91 W m-2) effects with maximum and minimum absolute values in spring and summer, respectively. High clouds have the smallest LW warming (17 W m-2) and SW cooling (-37 W m-2) effects at the surface. All-sky SW cloud radiative forcing (CRF) decreases and LW CRF increases with increasing cloud fraction with mean slopes of -0.984 and 0.616 W m-2 %-1, respectively. Over the entire diurnal cycle, clouds deplete the amount of surface insolation more than they add to the downwelling LW flux. The calculated CRFs do not appear to be significantly affected by uncertainties in data sampling and clear-sky screening. Traditionally, cloud radiative forcing includes not only the radiative impact of the hydrometeors, but also the changes in the environment. Taken together over the ARM SCF, changes in humidity and surface albedo between clear and cloudy conditions offset ∼20% of the NET radiative forcing caused by the cloud hydrometeors alone. Variations in water vapor, on average, account for 10% and 83% of the SW and LW CRFs, respectively, in total cloud cover conditions. The error analysis further reveals that the cloud hydrometeors dominate the SW CRF, while water vapor changes are most important for LW flux changes in cloudy skies. Similar studies over other locales are encouraged where water and surface albedo changes from clear to cloudy conditions may be much different than observed over the ARM SCF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - HYDROMETER
KW  - PYRANOMETER
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - GREAT Plains
N1  - Accession Number: 20790385; Xiquan Dong 1; Email Address: dong@aero.und.edu Baike Xi 1 Minnis, Patrick 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1765; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: HYDROMETER; Subject Term: PYRANOMETER; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: GREAT Plains; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
T1  - A sequel to AUSM, Part II: AUSM+-up for all speeds
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 214
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 170
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, we present ideas and procedure to extend the AUSM-family schemes to solve flows at all speed regimes. To achieve this, we first focus on the theoretical development for the low Mach number limit. Specifically, we employ asymptotic analysis to formally derive proper scalings for the numerical fluxes in the limit of small Mach number. The resulting new scheme is shown to be simple and remarkably improved from previous schemes in robustness and accuracy. The convergence rate is shown to be independent of Mach number in the low Mach number regime up to M ∞ =0.5, and it is also essentially constant in the transonic and supersonic regimes. Contrary to previous findings, the solution remains stable, even if no local preconditioning matrix is included in the time derivative term, albeit a different convergence history may occur. Moreover, the new scheme is demonstrated to be accurate against analytical and experimental results. In summary, the new scheme, named AUSM+-up, improves over previous versions and eradicates fails found therein. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC expansions
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - 47.11.+j
KW  - AUSM scheme
KW  - AUSM+-up
KW  - Carbuncle phenomenon
KW  - Entropy-satisfying
KW  - Euler and Navier–Stokes equations
KW  - Low Mach number
KW  - Positivity
KW  - Upwind scheme
N1  - Accession Number: 19965661; Liou, Meng-Sing 1; Email Address: MENG-SING.LIOU@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Turbomachinery and Propulsion Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 5-11, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, United States; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 214 Issue 1, p137; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC expansions; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: 47.11.+j; Author-Supplied Keyword: AUSM scheme; Author-Supplied Keyword: AUSM+-up; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbuncle phenomenon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy-satisfying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Euler and Navier–Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low Mach number; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upwind scheme; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.09.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ayguade, Eduard
AU  - Gonzalez, Marc
AU  - Martorell, Xavier
AU  - Jost, Gabriele
T1  - Employing nested OpenMP for the parallelization of multi-zone computational fluid dynamics applications
JO  - Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing
JF  - Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 66
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 686
EP  - 697
SN  - 07437315
AB  - Abstract: In this paper we describe the parallelization of the multi-zone code versions of the NAS Parallel Benchmarks employing multi-level OpenMP parallelism. For our study, we use the NanosCompiler that supports nesting of OpenMP directives and provides clauses to control the grouping of threads, load balancing, and synchronization. We report the benchmark results, compare the timings with those of different hybrid parallelization paradigms (MPI+OpenMP and MLP) and discuss OpenMP implementation issues that affect the performance of multi-level parallel applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Parallel & Distributed Computing is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARALLEL programming (Computer science)
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - SYNCHRONIZATION
KW  - NAS benchmarks
KW  - Nested parallelism
KW  - OpenMP
KW  - Parallel programming models
N1  - Accession Number: 20344355; Ayguade, Eduard 1; Email Address: eduard@ac.upc.es Gonzalez, Marc 1 Martorell, Xavier 1 Jost, Gabriele 2; Affiliation:  1: Centre Europeu de Parallelisme de Barcelona, Computer Architecture Department (UPC), cr. Jordi Girona 1-3, Modul D6,08034, Barcelona, Spain  2: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 66 Issue 5, p686; Subject Term: PARALLEL programming (Computer science); Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: SYNCHRONIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: NAS benchmarks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nested parallelism; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel programming models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpdc.2005.06.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Pujar, Vijay V.
T1  - Creep and Stress–Strain Behavior after Creep for SiC Fiber Reinforced, Melt-Infiltrated SiC Matrix Composites.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 89
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1652
EP  - 1658
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Silicon carbide fiber (Hi-Nicalon Type S, Nippon Carbon) reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites containing melt-infiltrated silicon were subjected to creep at 1315°C at three different stress conditions. For the specimens that did not rupture after 100 h of tensile creep, fast-fracture experiments were performed immediately following the creep test at the creep temperature (1315°C) or after cooling to room temperature. All specimens demonstrated excellent creep resistance and compared well to the creep behavior published in the literature on similar composite systems. Tensile results on the after-creep specimens showed that the matrix cracking stress actually increased, which is attributed to stress redistribution between composite constituents during tensile creep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20656796; Morscher, Gregory N. 1 Pujar, Vijay V. 2; Email Address: vijay.pujar@goodrich.; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Materials and Simulation Center, Goodrich Corporation, Brecksville, Ohio 44141; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 89 Issue 5, p1652; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00939.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A
AU  - Durante, Marco
T1  - Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: implications for space exploration by human beings
JO  - Lancet Oncology
JF  - Lancet Oncology
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 431
EP  - 435
SN  - 14702045
AB  - Summary: Space programmes are shifting toward planetary exploration, and in particular towards missions by human beings to the moon and Mars. However, exposure to space radiation is an important barrier to exploration of the solar system by human beings because of the biological effects of high-energy heavy ions. These ions have a high charge and energy, are the main contributors to radiation risk in deep space, and their biological effects are understood poorly. Predictions of the nature and magnitude of risks posed by exposure to radiation in space are subject to many uncertainties. In recent years, worldwide efforts have focussed on an increased understanding of the oncogenic potential of galactic cosmic rays. A review of the new results in this specialty will be presented here. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Lancet Oncology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 20623638; Cucinotta, Francis A 1; Email Address: Francis.A.Cucinotta@nasa.gov Durante, Marco 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B Johnson Space Centre, Houston, TX, 77058, USA  2: Department of Physics and National Institute of Nuclear Physics, University Federico II, Naples, Italy; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p431; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/S1470-2045(06)70695-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nessel, James A.
AU  - Zaman, Afroz J.
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
T1  - A miniaturized antenna for surface-to-surface and surface-to-orbiter applications<FNR></FNR><FN>This article is a US Government work, and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America. </FN>.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 859
EP  - 862
SN  - 08952477
AB  - A folded Hilbert curve fractal antenna (fHCFA) which produces end-fire radiation at the S-band and broadside radiation at the Ku-band without switches is presented. The measured gains/bandwidths were 1.2 dBi/10 MHz and 5.4 dBi/500 MHz at 2.3 GHz (S-band) and 16.8 GHz (Ku-band), respectively. This work offers a compact antenna design as a candidate for robotic applications in future NASA planetary exploration missions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 859–862, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21499 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - electrically small antennas
KW  - fractal antennas
KW  - miniature antennas
KW  - multifrequency
KW  - surface communications
N1  - Accession Number: 20370546; Nessel, James A. 1 Zaman, Afroz J. 1 Miranda, Félix A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p859; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrically small antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractal antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: miniature antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: multifrequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface communications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.21499
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
T1  - Using the Bootstrap Method for a Statistical Significance Test of Differences between Summary Histograms.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 134
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1442
EP  - 1453
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - A new method is proposed to compare statistical differences between summary histograms, which are the histograms summed over a large ensemble of individual histograms. It consists of choosing a distance statistic for measuring the difference between summary histograms and using a bootstrap procedure to calculate the statistical significance level. Bootstrapping is an approach to statistical inference that makes few assumptions about the underlying probability distribution that describes the data. Three distance statistics are compared in this study. They are the Euclidean distance, the Jeffries–Matusita distance, and the Kuiper distance. The data used in testing the bootstrap method are satellite measurements of cloud systems called “cloud objects.” Each cloud object is defined as a contiguous region/patch composed of individual footprints or fields of view. A histogram of measured values over footprints is generated for each parameter of each cloud object, and then summary histograms are accumulated over all individual histograms in a given cloud-object size category. The results of statistical hypothesis tests using all three distances as test statistics are generally similar, indicating the validity of the proposed method. The Euclidean distance is determined to be most suitable after comparing the statistical tests of several parameters with distinct probability distributions among three cloud-object size categories. Impacts on the statistical significance levels resulting from differences in the total lengths of satellite footprint data between two size categories are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - HYPOTHESIS
KW  - DISTANCES -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 20778975; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 134 Issue 5, p1442; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: HYPOTHESIS; Subject Term: DISTANCES -- Measurement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Funk, S.
AU  - Hokkanen, B.
AU  - Burghaus, U.
AU  - Bozzolo, G.
AU  - Garcés, J.E.
T1  - CO2 adsorption on the bimetallic Zn-on-Cu(110) system
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 600
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1870
EP  - 1876
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: Adsorption probability measurements (molecular beam scattering) have been conducted to examine the adsorption dynamics (i.e. the gas-surface energy transfer processes) of CO2 adsorption on the Zn-on-Cu(110) bimetallic system. The results indicate surface alloy formation, which is in agreement with prior studies. Depositing Zn at 300K on Cu(110), above the condensation temperature of CO2, leads to a “blocking” of CO2 adsorption sites by Zn which is incorporated in the Cu(110) surface. This apparent site blocking effect indicates a lowering of the CO2 binding energy on the alloyed surface as compared with the clean Cu(110) support. The Zn coverage has been calibrated by Auger electron spectroscopy and thermal desorption spectroscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - ELECTRON spectroscopy
KW  - THERMAL desorption
KW  - ELECTRON emission
KW  - CO2
KW  - Cu(110) support
KW  - Molecular beam scattering
KW  - ZnCu surface alloy
N1  - Accession Number: 20621795; Funk, S. 1 Hokkanen, B. 1 Burghaus, U. 1; Email Address: www.chem.ndsu.nodak.edu Bozzolo, G. 2,3 Garcés, J.E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, 1231 Albrecht Blv, Ladd Hall, Fargo, ND 58105, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn, Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 600 Issue 9, p1870; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: ELECTRON spectroscopy; Subject Term: THERMAL desorption; Subject Term: ELECTRON emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cu(110) support; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular beam scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: ZnCu surface alloy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2006.02.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ominami, Yusuke
AU  - Ngo, Quoc
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
AU  - Mcilwrath, Kevin
AU  - Jarausch, Konrad
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Yang, Cary Y.
T1  - Bottom-up sample preparation technique for interfacial characterization of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers
JO  - Ultramicroscopy
JF  - Ultramicroscopy
Y1  - 2006/05//
VL  - 106
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 597
EP  - 602
SN  - 03043991
AB  - Abstract: We propose a novel technique for characterizing interfacial structures in vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) utilizing scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). In this technique, vertically aligned CNFs are selectively grown using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), on a substrate comprising a narrow strip (width ∼100nm) formed by focused ion beam. Using STEM, we obtain images of nanostructures of CNFs having diameters as small as 10nm, while focusing on the interfacial region near the nanofiber base. Stacked graphite sheets parallel to the substrate are observed near the base of these CNFs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ultramicroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCANNING transmission electron microscopy
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - LOW-voltage scanning electron microscopy
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - 68.37.Lp
KW  - Carbon nanofiber
KW  - Focused ion beam (FIB)
KW  - Interconnect
KW  - Sample preparation
KW  - Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)
N1  - Accession Number: 20965738; Ominami, Yusuke 1; Email Address: yominami@scu.edu Ngo, Quoc 1,2 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1 Mcilwrath, Kevin 3 Jarausch, Konrad 3 Cassell, Alan M. 2 Li, Jun 2 Yang, Cary Y. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanostructures, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, 95139, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  3: Hitachi High Technologies America, Pleasanton, CA, 94588, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 106 Issue 7, p597; Subject Term: SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: LOW-voltage scanning electron microscopy; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Author-Supplied Keyword: 68.37.Lp; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanofiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Focused ion beam (FIB); Author-Supplied Keyword: Interconnect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sample preparation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultramic.2006.03.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salasoo, L.
AU  - Moder, J. P.
AU  - Myrabo, L. N.
AU  - Nelson, J. K.
T1  - Analysis of Charge Cloud Geometries for Ion Propulsion of Microwave Lightcraft.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/05/02/
VL  - 830
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 637
EP  - 650
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The thrust and flight performance of a novel airbreathing ion propulsion concept was analyzed for a 20-m diameter microwave-propelled Lightcraft. Two sample vehicle/charge cloud geometries were modeled using an axisymmetric Finite Element Analysis (FEM) electrostatic package to determine the charge and electric field distributions, as well as the thrust force on the vehicle. A 2-D cartesian analysis was then employed to approximately model three additional geometries in which the vehicle and charge cloud axes of symmetry did not coincide. In each case, the amount of charge ejected from the vehicle was such that the maximum electric field at the vehicle surface corresponded to the breakdown value for NTP air, ∼2.99 MV/m. The maximum electrostatic force was calculated for each of the three cloud/vehicle configurations. Estimates of the characteristic velocities for equilibrium flight were calculated, and variations in vehicle flight orientation were considered in order to achieve a compromise between aerodynamic benefits and maximum electrostatic force. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ION rockets
KW  - SATELLITE launching ships
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 20707363; Salasoo, L. 1 Moder, J. P. 2 Myrabo, L. N. 3 Nelson, J. K. 3; Affiliation:  1: General Electric R&D Center, Schenectady, NY  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  3: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 830 Issue 1, p637; Subject Term: ION rockets; Subject Term: SATELLITE launching ships; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 12 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2203305
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lorenz, R. D.
AU  - Wall, S.
AU  - Radebaugh, J.
AU  - Boubin, G.
AU  - Reffet, E.
AU  - Janssen, M.
AU  - Stofan, E.
AU  - Lopes, R.
AU  - Kirk, R.
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Lunine, J.
AU  - Mitchell, K.
AU  - Paganelli, F.
AU  - Soderblom, L.
AU  - Wood, C.
AU  - Wye, L.
AU  - Zebker, H.
AU  - Anderson, Y.
AU  - Ostro, S.
AU  - Allison, M.
T1  - The Sand Seas of Titan: Cassini RADAR Observations of Longitudinal Dunes.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/05/05/
VL  - 312
IS  - 5774
M3  - Article
SP  - 724
EP  - 727
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The most recent Cassini RADAR images of Titan show widespread regions (up to 1500 kilometers by 200 kilometers) of near-parallel radar-dark linear features that appear to be seas of longitudinal dunes similar to those seen in the Namib desert on Earth. The Ku-band (2.17-centimeter wavelength) images show ∼100-meter ridges consistent with duneforms and reveal flow interactions with underlying hills. The distribution and orientation of the dunes support a model of fluctuating surface winds of ∼0.5 meter per second resulting from the combination of an eastward flow with a variable tidal wind. The existence of dunes also requires geological processes that create sand-sized (100- to 300-micrometer) particulates and a Lack of persistent equatorial surface liquids to act as sand traps, [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADAR
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - GEOLOGICAL modeling
KW  - WINDS -- Measurement
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - NAMIB Desert (Namibia)
N1  - Accession Number: 20994609; Lorenz, R. D. 1; Email Address: rlorenz@lpl.arizona.edu Wall, S. 2 Radebaugh, J. 1 Boubin, G. 1 Reffet, E. 1 Janssen, M. 2 Stofan, E. 2 Lopes, R. 2,3 Kirk, R. 4 Elachi, C. 2,5 Lunine, J. 1,2 Mitchell, K. 2 Paganelli, F. 2 Soderblom, L. 4 Wood, C. 6,7 Wye, L. 8 Zebker, H. 8 Anderson, Y. 2 Ostro, S. 2 Allison, M. 9; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Proxemy Research, Bowie, MD 20715, USA  4: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 , USA  5: RADAR Team Leader, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  7: Wheeling Jesuit College, Wheeling, WV 2603, USA  8: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York, NY 10025, USA  9: Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France; Source Info: 5/5/2006, Vol. 312 Issue 5774, p724; Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL modeling; Subject Term: WINDS -- Measurement; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: NAMIB Desert (Namibia); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1123527
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bo Zhang
AU  - Harb, John N.
AU  - Davis, Robert C.
AU  - Sang Choi
AU  - Jae-Woo Kim
AU  - Miller, Tim
AU  - Sang-Hyon Chu
AU  - Watt, Gerald D.
T1  - Electron Exchange between Fe(II)-Horse Spleen Ferritin and Co(III)/Mn(III) Reconstituted Horse Spleen and Azotobacter vinelandii Ferritins.
JO  - Biochemistry
JF  - Biochemistry
Y1  - 2006/05/09/
VL  - 45
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 5766
EP  - 5774
SN  - 00062960
AB  - Azotobacter vinelandii bacterioferritin (AvBF) containing 800-1500 Co or Mn atoms as Co-(III) and Mn(III) oxyhydroxide cores (Co-AvBF, Mn-AvBF) was synthesized by the same procedure used previously for horse spleen ferritin (H0SF). The kinetics of reduction of Co-AvBF and Mn-AvBF by ascorbic acid are first-order in each reactant. The rate constant for the reduction of Mn-AvBF (8.52 M-1 min-1) is ~12 times larger than that for Co-AvBF (0.72 M-1 min-1), which is consistent with a previous observation that Mn-HoSF is reduced ~10-fold faster than Co-HoSF [Zhang, B. et al. (2005) inorg. Chem. 44, 3738-3745]. The rates of reduction of M-AvBF (M = Co and Mn) are more than twice that for the reduction of the corresponding M-HoSF. HoSF containing reduced Fe(II) cores (Fe(II)-HoSF), prepared by methyl viologen and CO, also reduces M-HoSF and M-AvBF species, with both cores remaining within ferritin, suggesting that electrons transfer through the ferritin shell. Electron transfer from Fe(II)-HoSF to Co-AvBF occurs at a rate ~3 times faster than that to Co-HoSF, indicating that the Co cores in AvBF are more accessible to reduction than the Co cores in HoSF. The presence of nonconductive (SiO2) or conductive (gold) surfaces known to bind ferritins enhances the rate of electron transfer. A more than ~4-fold increase in the apparent reaction rate is observed in the presence of gold. Although both surfaces (SiO2 and gold) enhance reaction by providing binding sites for molecular interaction, results show that ferritins with different mineral cores bound to a gold surface transfer electrons through the gold substrate so that direct contact of the reacting molecules is not required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biochemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERRITIN
KW  - IRON
KW  - SPLEEN
KW  - HORSES
KW  - VITAMIN C
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - CHARGE exchange
N1  - Accession Number: 20992271; Bo Zhang 1 Harb, John N. 2 Davis, Robert C. 3 Sang Choi 4 Jae-Woo Kim 4 Miller, Tim 2 Sang-Hyon Chu 4 Watt, Gerald D. 1; Email Address: gdwatt@chem.byu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602  3: Department of Physics, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 5/9/2006, Vol. 45 Issue 18, p5766; Subject Term: FERRITIN; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: SPLEEN; Subject Term: HORSES; Subject Term: VITAMIN C; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411110 Live animal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424590 Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/bi060164d
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sheta, Essam F.
AU  - Moses, Robert W.
AU  - Huttsell, Lawrence J.
T1  - Active smart material control system for buffet alleviation
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2006/05/09/
VL  - 292
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 854
EP  - 868
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Vertical tail buffeting is a serious multidisciplinary problem that limits the performance and maneuverability of twin-tail fighter aircraft. The buffet problem occurs at high angles of attack when the vortical flow breaks down ahead of the vertical tails resulting in unsteady and unbalanced loads on the tails leading to their premature fatigue failure. An active smart material control system, using distributed piezoelectric (PZT) actuators, is developed for buffet alleviation and is presented. The surfaces of the vertical tail are equipped with PZT actuators to control the buffet responses in the first bending and torsion modes. The electrodynamics of the PZT actuators are modeled using a finite-element model. A single-input/single-output controller is designed to drive the active PZT actuators. High-fidelity analysis modules for the fluid dynamics, structural dynamics, electrodynamics of the PZT actuators, control law, fluid–structure interfacing, and grid motion are integrated into a multidisciplinary computing environment that controls the temporal synchronization of the analysis modules. The results of this study indicate that the actively controlled PZT actuators are an effective tool for buffet alleviation over wide range of angels of attack. Peak values of power spectral density of tail-tip acceleration are reduced by as much as 22% in the first bending mode and by as much as 82% in the first torsion mode. The root mean square values of tail-tip acceleration are reduced by as much as 12%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - ELASTIC solids
KW  - TORSION
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 19965429; Sheta, Essam F. 1; Email Address: efs@cfdrc.com Moses, Robert W. 2 Huttsell, Lawrence J. 3; Affiliation:  1: CFD Research Corporation, 215 Wynn Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Air Force Research Laboratory, WPAFB, Dayton, OH, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 292 Issue 3-5, p854; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELASTIC solids; Subject Term: TORSION; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.09.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Said, M.A.
AU  - Dingwall, Brenda
AU  - Gupta, A.
AU  - Seyam, A.M.
AU  - Mock, G.
AU  - Theyson, T.
T1  - Investigation of ultra violet (UV) resistance for high strength fibers
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/05/15/
VL  - 37
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2052
EP  - 2058
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Ultra long duration balloons (ULDB), currently under development by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), requires the use of high strength fibers in the selected super-pressure pumpkin design. The pumpkin shape balloon concept allows clear separation of the load transferring functions of the major structural elements of the pneumatic envelope, the tendons and the film. Essentially, the film provides the gas barrier and transfers only local pressure load to the tendons. The tendons, in the mean time, provide the global pressure containing strength. In that manner, the strength requirement for the film only depends on local parameters. The tendon is made of p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole (PBO) fibers, which is selected due to its high strength to weight ratio when compared to other high performance, commercially available, fibers. High strength fibers, however, are known to degrade upon exposure to light, particularly at short wavelengths. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the resistance of four commercial high strength fibers to ultra violet (UV) exposure. The results indicate that exposing high strength fibers in continuous yarn form to UV led to serious loss in strength of the fibers except for Spectra® fibers. The adverse changes in mechanical behavior occurred over short duration of exposure compared to the 100 day duration targeted for these missions. UV blocking finishes to improve the UV resistance of these fibers are being investigated. The application of these specially formulated coatings is expected to lead to significant improvement of the UV resistance of these high performance fibers. In this publication, we report on the mechanical behavior of the fibers pre- and post-exposure to UV, but without application of the blocking finishes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANT products
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - CUCURBITA pepo
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - High strength fibers
KW  - Pumpkin design
KW  - Scientific balloons
KW  - UV degradation
N1  - Accession Number: 21208671; Said, M.A. 1; Email Address: magdi.a.said@nasa.gov Dingwall, Brenda 1 Gupta, A. 2 Seyam, A.M. 2 Mock, G. 2 Theyson, T. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, E-107 Walloops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA 23337, USA  2: College of Textiles, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8301, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 37 Issue 11, p2052; Subject Term: PLANT products; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: CUCURBITA pepo; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: High strength fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pumpkin design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientific balloons; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV degradation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.098
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rand, J.L.
AU  - Sterling, W.J.
T1  - A constitutive equation for stratospheric balloon materials
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/05/15/
VL  - 37
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2087
EP  - 2091
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The selection of a suitable material for use as a reliable stratospheric balloon gas barrier and structural component is based on a variety of properties. Due to a more desirable combination of properties, the low density polyethylene that has been used for the last half century has been replaced during the last decade by linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE). This paper describes the effort to characterize the time dependent properties of a 38 micron coextrusion of LLDPE. The nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive equation presented may be used to accurately describe the creep and/or relaxation of this film when subjected to a biaxial state of stress, such as might be required for an extended balloon flight. Recent laboratory data have been used to modify an existing model of LLDPE to account for differences caused by the coextrusion process. The new model will facilitate structural design optimization and reliability assessment, and may be further utilized as a predictive tool to benefit in-flight operations. Current structural analysis techniques based on linear elastic properties have predicted stresses in excess of those which would actually exist. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
KW  - THICK films
KW  - Balloon materials
KW  - Constitutive behavior
KW  - Nonlinear viscoelasticity
KW  - Polyethylene
KW  - Thin films coextrusion
N1  - Accession Number: 21208676; Rand, J.L. 1; Email Address: winzen@sbcglobal.net Sterling, W.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Winzen Engineering Inc., P.O. Box 692108, San Antonio, TX, 78269, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA, 23338, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 37 Issue 11, p2087; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; Subject Term: THICK films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Balloon materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constitutive behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear viscoelasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyethylene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin films coextrusion; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.03.046
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anselmi-Tamburini, U.
AU  - Kodera, Y.
AU  - Gasch, M.
AU  - Unuvar, C.
AU  - Munir, Z. A.
AU  - Ohyanagi, M.
AU  - Johnson, S. M.
T1  - Synthesis and characterization of dense ultra-high temperature thermal protection materials produced by field activation through spark plasma sintering (SPS): I. Hafnium Diboride.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2006/05/15/
VL  - 41
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3097
EP  - 3104
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The consolidation of HfB2 by sintering and reactive sintering using the field-activated process of the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method was investigated. Sintering of the diboride at 1900°C under a pressure of 95 MPa did not result in dense materials. In contrast, reactive sintering at 1700°C produced about 98% dense HfB2 with a 10 min hold at temperature. In contrast to previous observations, the reaction between the elements and the consolidation of the resulting diboride did not coincide, the latter occurring at a much higher temperature. The reaction mechanism between B and Hf during reactive sintering was investigated. Measured rates of growth of the HfB2 were found to be in agreement with calculated values from diffusion couple experiments, suggesting that the current did not play a significant role in the reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SINTERING
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - MATERIALS science
N1  - Accession Number: 20925286; Anselmi-Tamburini, U. 1 Kodera, Y. 2 Gasch, M. 3 Unuvar, C. 1 Munir, Z. A. 1 Ohyanagi, M. 2 Johnson, S. M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of California , Davis 95616 USA  2: Department of Materials Chemistry and the High-Tech Research Center , Ryukoku University , Seta Japan  3: ELORET Corp. , NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA  4: Thermal Protection and Materials Systems Branch , NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 41 Issue 10, p3097; Subject Term: SINTERING; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-005-2457-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Longo, Francesco
AU  - Omodei, Nicola
AU  - Cohen-Tanugi, Johann
AU  - Scargle, Jeff D.
AU  - Piron, Frederic
T1  - GLAST and GRBs: Probing Photon Propagation over cosmological distances.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/05/19/
VL  - 836
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 692
EP  - 695
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Especially in the framework of Quantum Gravity, it is theoretically possible that photons of different energy propagate at different velocity. Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs), due to their large distances and rapid variability in a broad energy band, are perhaps the best astronomical sources in which to measure any such dispersion over cosmological distances. GLAST will detect several GRBs per year at GeV energies, where the effect may be detectable. We address problems of optimal sensitivity and discrimination against energy-dependent effects intrinsic to GRB emission, using simulated data and new unbinned lag-detection algorithms. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA ray detectors
KW  - GAMMA ray telescopes
KW  - X-ray telescopes
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - GENERAL relativity (Physics)
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - Gamma-ray Bursts
KW  - Gamma-ray detectors
KW  - X and Gamma-ray telescopes and instrumentation
N1  - Accession Number: 20924389; Longo, Francesco 1,2 Omodei, Nicola 3 Cohen-Tanugi, Johann 4 Scargle, Jeff D. 5 Piron, Frederic 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Trieste  2: INFN, section of Trieste  3: INFN, section of Pisa  4: SLAC-Stanford University  5: NASA Ames Research Center  6: Groupe d'Astroparticules de Montpellier; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 836 Issue 1, p692; Subject Term: GAMMA ray detectors; Subject Term: GAMMA ray telescopes; Subject Term: X-ray telescopes; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: GENERAL relativity (Physics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma-ray Bursts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma-ray detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: X and Gamma-ray telescopes and instrumentation; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2207979
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Moujin
AU  - John Yu, S.-T.
AU  - Henry Lin, S.-C.
AU  - Chang, Sin-Chung
AU  - Blankson, Isaiah
T1  - Solving the MHD equations by the space–time conservation element and solution element method
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2006/05/20/
VL  - 214
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 599
EP  - 617
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: We apply the space–time conservation element and solution element (CESE) method to solve the ideal MHD equations with special emphasis on satisfying the divergence free constraint of magnetic field, i.e., ∇· B =0. In the setting of the CESE method, four approaches are employed: (i) the original CESE method without any additional treatment, (ii) a simple corrector procedure to update the spatial derivatives of magnetic field B after each time marching step to enforce ∇· B =0 at all mesh nodes, (iii) a constraint-transport method by using a special staggered mesh to calculate magnetic field B, and (iv) the projection method by solving a Poisson solver after each time marching step. To demonstrate the capabilities of these methods, two benchmark MHD flows are calculated: (i) a rotated one-dimensional MHD shock tube problem and (ii) a MHD vortex problem. The results show no differences between different approaches and all results compare favorably with previously reported data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Statistics)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL formulas
KW  - Constraint transport
KW  - MHD
KW  - The CESE method
N1  - Accession Number: 20180841; Zhang, Moujin 1 John Yu, S.-T. 1; Email Address: yu.274@osu.edu Henry Lin, S.-C. 2 Chang, Sin-Chung 3 Blankson, Isaiah 3; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, 650 Ackerman Road, Suite #255, Columbus, OH 43202, United States  2: General Motor Corporation, Warren, MI 48090, United States  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 214 Issue 2, p599; Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL formulas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constraint transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: MHD; Author-Supplied Keyword: The CESE method; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.10.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Alexander, Conel M. O'D.
T1  - Chondrule formation in particle-rich nebular regions at least hundreds of kilometres across.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/05/25/
VL  - 441
IS  - 7092
M3  - Article
SP  - 483
EP  - 485
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Chondrules are millimetre-sized spherules (mostly silicate) that dominate the texture of primitive meteorites. Their formation mechanism is debated, but their sheer abundance suggests that the mechanism was both energetic and ubiquitous in the early inner Solar System. The processes suggested—such as shock waves, solar flares or nebula lightning—operate on different length scales that have been hard to relate directly to chondrule properties. Chondrules are depleted in volatile elements, but surprisingly they show little evidence for the associated loss of lighter isotopes one would expect. Here we report a model in which molten chondrules come to equilibrium with the gas that was evaporated from other chondrules, and which explains the observations in a natural way. The regions within which the chondrules formed must have been larger than 150–6,000 km in radius, and must have had a precursor number density of at least 10 m-3. These constraints probably exclude nebula lightning, and also make formation far from the nebula midplane problematic. The wide range of chondrule compositions may be the result of different combinations of the local concentrations of precursors and the local abundance of water ice or vapour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHONDRULES
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 20927453; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1; Email Address: jcuzzi@mail.arc.nasa.gov Alexander, Conel M. O'D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington DC 20015, USA; Source Info: 5/25/2006, Vol. 441 Issue 7092, p483; Subject Term: CHONDRULES; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature04834
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Acosta, Dean
T1  - Working Together for Communication.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/05/26/
VL  - 312
IS  - 5777
M3  - Letter
SP  - 1138
EP  - 1138
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "The New Gag Rules," by Donald Kennedy in the February 17, 2006 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
N1  - Accession Number: 21178457; Acosta, Dean 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Public Affairs, Washington, DC 20546, USA.; Source Info: 5/26/2006, Vol. 312 Issue 5777, p1138; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunyou Wang
T1  - A full dimensional, nine-degree-of-freedom, time-dependent quantum dynamics study for the H2+C2H reaction.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2006/05/28/
VL  - 124
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 201105
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A full dimensional, nine-degree-of-freedom (9DOF), time-dependent quantum dynamics wave packet approach is presented for the study of the H2+C2H→H+C2H2 reaction system. This is the first full dimensional quantum dynamics study for a diatom-triatom reaction system. The effects of the initial vibrational and rotational excitations of the reactants on the reactivity of this reaction are investigated. This study shows that vibrational excitations of H2 enhance the reactivity; whereas, the vibrational excitations of C2H only have a small effect on the reaction probability. In addition, the bending excitations of C2H, compared to the ground state reaction probability, hinder the reactivity. Comparison of the ground state reaction probabilities of the 9DOF and 8DOF shows the reaction probability from the full dimensional calculation is larger, with more prominent resonance features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REACTIVITY (Chemistry)
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - EXCITED state chemistry
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - COMPLEX compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 21064388; Dunyou Wang 1; Email Address: dunyou.wang@pnl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Eloret, NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: 5/28/2006, Vol. 124 Issue 20, p201105; Subject Term: REACTIVITY (Chemistry); Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: EXCITED state chemistry; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: COMPLEX compounds; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2206180
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Plotkin, Kenneth J.
AU  - Maglieri, Domenic J.
AU  - Sullivan, Brenda M.
T1  - Measured Effects of Turbulence on the Waveforms and Loudness of Sonic Booms.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/05/30/
VL  - 838
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 627
EP  - 630
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The recent Shaped Sonic Boom Experiment yielded a large number of digital recordings of shaped and N-wave sonic boom waveforms, all of which exhibited some degree of turbulent distortion. This digital data set provided an opportunity to test theoretical predictions of the shape of distortions, and to assess the effect of turbulence on the loudness of shaped booms. Distortions following the shocks were found to be virtually identical for the bow and tail shocks of each boom, confirming the usual explanation that the distortion is scattering of the shock waves and that turbulence may be considered to be frozen for the duration of a boom. RMS values of the distortions have been compared with the theory of S. C. Crow. The loudness reduction of shaped booms had been predicted by Plotkin to persist through turbulence, and this was found to be the case. The loudness calculations also confirmed that the benefit of reduced shock amplitude is nonlinear: there are benefits from both the reduced amplitude and from the increased shock thickness. (A full version of this paper was presented at the 2005 AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference as AIAA-2005-2949.) © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - BOUNDARY layer noise
KW  - SHEAR waves
KW  - SOUND analyzers
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - loudness
KW  - scattering
KW  - Sonic boom
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 21125158; Plotkin, Kenneth J. 1 Maglieri, Domenic J. 2 Sullivan, Brenda M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Laboratories, 2001 Jefferson Davis Highway, Arlington, VA 22202, USA  2: Eagle Aeronautics, Inc., 13 West Mercury Blvd, Hampton, Virginia 23669 USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 838 Issue 1, p627; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer noise; Subject Term: SHEAR waves; Subject Term: SOUND analyzers; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: loudness; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sonic boom; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2210431
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Brenda M.
T1  - Research On Subjective Response To Simulated Sonic Booms At NASA Langley Research Center.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/05/30/
VL  - 838
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 659
EP  - 662
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Over the past 15 years, NASA Langley Research Center has conducted many tests investigating subjective response to simulated sonic booms. Most tests have used the Sonic Boom Booth, an airtight concrete booth fitted with loudspeakers that play synthesized sonic booms pre-processed to compensate for the response of the booth/loudspeaker system. Tests using the Booth have included investigations of shaped booms, booms with simulated ground reflections, recorded booms, outdoor and indoor booms, booms with differing loudness for bow and tail shocks, and comparisons of aircraft flyover recordings with sonic booms. Another study used loudspeakers placed inside people’s houses, so that they could experience the booms while in their own homes. This study investigated the reactions of people to different numbers of booms heard within a 24-hour period. The most recent Booth test used predicted boom shapes from candidate low-boom aircraft. At present, a test to compare the Booth with boom simulators constructed by Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation and Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company is underway. The Lockheed simulator is an airtight booth similar to the Langley booth; the Gulfstream booth uses a traveling wave method to create the booms. Comparison of “realism” as well as loudness and other descriptors is to be studied. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - LOCKHEED aircraft
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - human response
KW  - simulation
KW  - Sonic boom
N1  - Accession Number: 21125150; Sullivan, Brenda M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 838 Issue 1, p659; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: LOCKHEED aircraft; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Author-Supplied Keyword: human response; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sonic boom; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2210439
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Current–voltage curves for molecular junctions computed using all-electron basis sets
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2006/05/31/
VL  - 324
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 647
EP  - 652
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: We present current–voltage (I–V) curves computed using all-electron basis sets on the conducting molecule. The all-electron results are very similar to previous results obtained using effective core potentials (ECP). A hybrid integration scheme is used that keeps the all-electron calculations cost competitive with respect to the ECP calculations. By neglecting the coupling of states to the contacts below a fixed energy cutoff, the density matrix for the core electrons can be evaluated analytically. The full density matrix is formed by adding this core contribution to the valence part that is evaluated numerically. Expanding the definition of the core in the all-electron calculations significantly reduces the computational effort and, up to biases of about 2V, the results are very similar to those obtained using more rigorous approaches. The convergence of the I–V curves and transmission coefficients with respect to basis set is discussed. The addition of diffuse functions is critical in approaching basis set completeness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - ATOMIC orbitals
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - CATHODE rays
KW  - Au surface
KW  - Basis set effects
KW  - DFT
KW  - Greens function
KW  - Molecular electronics
N1  - Accession Number: 20965494; Bauschlicher, Charles W.; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Lawson, John W. 1; Email Address: John.W.Lawson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 324 Issue 2/3, p647; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: ATOMIC orbitals; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: CATHODE rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Au surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Basis set effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greens function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular electronics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.12.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tigelaar, Dean M.
AU  - Waldecker, James R.
AU  - Peplowski, Katherine M.
AU  - Kinder, James D.
T1  - Study of the incorporation of protic ionic liquids into hydrophilic and hydrophobic rigid-rod elastomeric polymers
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2006/05/31/
VL  - 47
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4269
EP  - 4275
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: A series of polymers was synthesized that contain a rigid aromatic backbone connected through triazine linkages that are cross-linked by flexible diamine-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) oligomers. Polymers were made that contained both hydrophilic sulfonated aromatic and hydrophobic pyridinium triflate backbones. Thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting polymer films were studied, as well as uptake of water and protic ionic liquids. Ionic liquid uptake varied from 41 to 440%, depending upon the nature of the polymer. The ionic liquid-doped films were analyzed for proton conductivity at high temperatures (>150°C) under non-humidified conditions. Conductivities as high as 5×10−2 S/cm were observed at 150°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - TRIAZINES
KW  - PYRIDINIUM compounds
KW  - Melamine
KW  - Poly(pyridinium triflate)s
KW  - Proton exchange membrane
N1  - Accession Number: 20963814; Tigelaar, Dean M.; Email Address: dean.m.tigelaar@grc.nasa.gov Waldecker, James R. Peplowski, Katherine M. 1 Kinder, James D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials Branch, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135-3127, USA; Source Info: May2006, Vol. 47 Issue 12, p4269; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Subject Term: TRIAZINES; Subject Term: PYRIDINIUM compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Melamine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poly(pyridinium triflate)s; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proton exchange membrane; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.04.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uzun, Ali
AU  - Hussaini, M. Yousuff
AU  - Streett, Craig L.
T1  - Large-Eddy Simulation of a Wing Tip Vortex on Overset Grids.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1229
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A multiblock large-eddy simulation (LES) code with overset grid capability is reported on that has been developed primarily to study the tip vortex noise problem arising on rotating wind-turbine blades. The LES code can also be used to simulate the tip vortices around nonrotating wing geometries typically found in aeronautical applications. It employs state-of-the-art compact finite differencing, implicit spatial filtering, and nonreflecting boundary conditions on free boundaries, as well as characteristic-type boundary conditions on solid walls. High-order-accurate interpolation is used for the transfer of information among the individual component grids that make up the overset grid topology. The multiblock nature and the overset grid capability of the code allow high-order accurate numerical solutions in complex domains. Results for the tip vortex around a nonrotating wing with a rounded tip are presented to demonstrate the capability of the code. Comparisons of the numerical results with experimental data are also carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - TURBINES -- Blades
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - ELECTRIC generators
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - AEROFOILS
N1  - Accession Number: 21518876; Uzun, Ali 1,2 Hussaini, M. Yousuff 3 Streett, Craig L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Postdoctoral Research Associate, School of Computational Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4120  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Sir James Lighthill Professor of Mathematics and Computational Science and Engineering, School of Computational Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4120  4: Senior Research Scientist, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p1229; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: TURBINES -- Blades; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: ELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Naughton, J. W.
AU  - Viken, S.
AU  - Greenblatt, D.
T1  - Skin-Friction Measurements on the NASA Hump Model.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1255
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The skin-friction distribution on a wall-mounted hump model has been obtained using oil-film interferometry. This effort is part of a larger study to provide validation cases for simulations of unsteady flows. The challenges of using oil-film interferometry on this model, including model curvature and close camera proximity, are discussed. Skin-friction measurements are obtained over most of the hump model, including especially high-quality measurements in the separated and reattachment regions. These results highlight the method's ability to capture a wide range of skin friction including measurements in reverse-flow and high-gradient regions. The wall skin-friction data are shown to complement other experimental data, and the use of independent skin-friction measurements for scaling in wall-bounded flows is emphasized. A comparison with results from several computational simulations of the same flow is presented. The comparison indicates that, for the most part, the computations accurately predict the skin-friction ahead of separation, but fail to predict the reattachment point correctly, and thus the comparison in the separated and recovery regions of the flow is poor. The ability of the skin-friction measurements to pinpoint regions where the computation performs poorly in the near-wall region is also presented. From these results, it is evident that independent skin-friction measurements should be a part of all validation experiments conducted in wall-bounded flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SKIN friction (Aerodynamics)
KW  - OPTICAL measurements
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Fluid dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 21518864; Naughton, J. W. 1,2 Viken, S. 3,4 Greenblatt, D. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor, University of Wyoming Aeronautical Laboratories, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dept. 3295, University of Wyoming, 1000 E. University Avenue, Laramie, Wyoming 82071  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Aerospace Engineer, Mail Stop 170, Flow Physics and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  4: Member, AIAA  5: National Research Council Research Associate, Mail Stop 170, Flow Physics and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  6: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p1255; Subject Term: SKIN friction (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: OPTICAL measurements; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Fluid dynamics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Stefan J.
AU  - Inbar, Ehud
AU  - Michel Jr., Frederick C.
AU  - Hadar, Yitzhak
AU  - Minz, Dror
T1  - Succession of Bacterial Communities during Early Plant Development: Transition from Seed to Root and Effect of Compost Amendment.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 72
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3975
EP  - 3983
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Compost amendments to soils and potting mixes are routinely applied to improve soil fertility and plant growth and health. These amendments, which contain high levels of organic matter and microbial cells, can influence microbial communities associated with plants grown in such soils. The purpose of this study was to follow the bacterial community compositions of seed and subsequent root surfaces in the presence and absence of compost in the potting mix. The bacterial community compositions of potting mixes, seed, and root surfaces sampled at three stages of plant growth were analyzed via general and newly developed Bacteroidetes-specific, PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis methodologies. These analyses revealed that seed surfaces were colonized primarily by populations detected in the initial potting mixes, many of which were not detected in subsequent root analyses. The most persistent bacterial populations detected in this study belonged to the genus Chryseobacterium (Bacteroidetes) and the family Oxalobacteraceae (Betaproteobacteria). The patterns of colonization by populations within these taxa differed significantly and may reflect differences in the physiology of these organisms. Overall, analyses of bacterial community composition revealed a surprising prevalence and diversity of Bacteroidetes in all treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOST
KW  - SOIL amendments
KW  - SOIL fertility
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - PLANT health
KW  - ELECTROPHORESIS
KW  - POTTING soils
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
N1  - Accession Number: 21366088; Green, Stefan J. 1,2,3 Inbar, Ehud 1,2 Michel Jr., Frederick C. 4 Hadar, Yitzhak 1 Minz, Dror 2; Email Address: minz@volcani.agri.gov.iI; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel  2: Institute of Water, Soil and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel  3: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif.  4: Department of Food, Agricultural, and Biological Engineering, Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 72 Issue 6, p3975; Subject Term: COMPOST; Subject Term: SOIL amendments; Subject Term: SOIL fertility; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: PLANT health; Subject Term: ELECTROPHORESIS; Subject Term: POTTING soils; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325314 Fertilizer (Mixing Only) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562219 Other Nonhazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115112 Soil Preparation, Planting, and Cultivating; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02771-05
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cao, Yanzhao
AU  - Hussaini, M.Y.
AU  - Zang, T.
AU  - Zatezalo, A.
T1  - A variance reduction method based on sensitivity derivatives
JO  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
JF  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 56
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 800
EP  - 813
SN  - 01689274
AB  - Abstract: This paper establishes a general theoretical framework for variance reduction based on arbitrary order derivatives of the solution with respect to the random parameters, known as sensitivity derivatives. The theoretical results are validated by two examples—the solution of the Burgers equation with viscosity as a single random parameter, and a test case involving five random variables. These examples illustrate that the first-order sensitivity derivative variance reduction method achieves an order of magnitude improvement in accuracy for both Monte Carlo and stratified sampling schemes. The second-order sensitivity derivative method improves the accuracy by another order of magnitude relative to the first-order method. Coupling it with stratified sampling yields yet another order of magnitude improvement in accuracy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Numerical Mathematics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
N1  - Accession Number: 20398934; Cao, Yanzhao 1; Email Address: yanzhao.cao@famu.edu Hussaini, M.Y. 2 Zang, T. 3 Zatezalo, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA  2: School of Computational Science and Information Technology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 56 Issue 6, p800; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apnum.2005.06.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
AU  - Curry, Donald M.
T1  - Oxidation microstructure studies of reinforced carbon/carbon
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1142
EP  - 1150
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: Laboratory oxidation studies of reinforced carbon/carbon (RCC) are discussed with particular emphasis on the resulting microstructures. This study involves laboratory furnace (500–1500°C) and arc-jet exposures (1538°C) on various forms of RCC. RCC without oxidation protection oxidized at 800 and 1100°C exhibits pointed and reduced diameter fibers, due to preferential attack along the fiber edges. The 800°C sample showed uniform attack, suggesting reaction control of the oxidation process; whereas the 1100°C sample showed attack at the edges, suggesting diffusion control of the oxidation process. RCC with a SiC conversion coating exhibits limited attack of the carbon substrate at 500, 700 and 1500°C. However samples oxidized at 900, 1100, and 1300°C show small oxidation cavities at the SiC/carbon interface below through-thickness cracks in the SiC coating. These cavities at the outer edges suggest diffusion control. The cavities have rough edges with denuded fibers and can be easily distinguished from cavities created in processing. Arc-jet tests at 1538°C show limited oxidation attack when the SiC coating and glass sealants are intact. When the SiC/sealant protection system is damaged, attack is extensive and proceeds through cracks, creating denuded fibers in and along the cracks. Even at 1538°C, where diffusion control dominates, attack is non-uniform with fiber edges oxidizing preferentially. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - Carbon/carbon composites
KW  - Coating
KW  - Graphitic carbon
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Reactivity
N1  - Accession Number: 20186176; Jacobson, Nathan S. 1; Email Address: nathan.s.jacobson@nasa.gov Curry, Donald M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, United States; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1142; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon/carbon composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphitic carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2005.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Youqi
AU  - Zhang, Congjian
AU  - Zhou, Eric
AU  - Sun, Changjie
AU  - Hinkley, Jeffrey
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
AU  - Su, Ji
T1  - Atomistic finite elements applicable to solid polymers
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 302
SN  - 09270256
AB  - Abstract: A three-dimensional atomistic finite element approach is presented. Two types of elements are established: chemical bond and van der Waals bond. The stiffness matrices of these elements are established based upon relations between bond deformations and restoration forces or moments. Once element stiffness matrices are established, a procedure, similar to conventional finite element analysis, can be employed to assemble a global stiffness matrix. Thus, one can derive relations between atomistic displacement and force. The new approach can be employed for both static and dynamic analysis. In order to demonstrate the approach, the deformation of an idealized polymer field is simulated: the stress–strain curve is derived and the progressive development of damage and failure is observed step by step. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - Atomistic element
KW  - Finite element
KW  - Molecular mechanics
KW  - Nano-simulation
KW  - Polymer
N1  - Accession Number: 20551903; Wang, Youqi 1; Email Address: wang@mne.ksu.edu Zhang, Congjian 1 Zhou, Eric 1 Sun, Changjie 1 Hinkley, Jeffrey 2 Gates, Thomas S. 2 Su, Ji 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-52205, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p292; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomistic element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano-simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2005.03.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Emery, J.P.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Van Cleve, J.
T1  - Thermal emission spectroscopy (5.2–38 μm) of three Trojan asteroids with the Spitzer Space Telescope: Detection of fine-grained silicates
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 182
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 496
EP  - 512
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present thermal emission spectra (5.2–38 μm) of the Trojan asteroids 624 Hektor, 911 Agamemnon, and 1172 Aneas. The observations used the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. Emissivity spectra are created by dividing the measured Spectral Energy Distribution (SED) by a model of the thermal continuum. We employ the Standard Thermal Model (STM), allowing physical parameters (e.g., radius and albedo) to vary in order to find the best thermal continuum fit to the SED. The best-fit effective radius (R) and visible geometric albedo () for Hektor (, ) and Aneas (, ) agree very well with previous estimates, and for Agamemnon (, ) we find slightly a smaller size and higher albedo than previously derived. Other thermal models (e.g., thermophysical) result in estimates of R and that vary a few percent from the STM, but the resulting emissivity spectra are identical. The emissivity spectra of all three asteroids display an emissivity plateau near 10-μm and another broader rise from ∼18 to 28 μm. We interpret these as indications of fine-grained silicates on the surfaces of these asteroids. The emissivity spectra more closely resemble emission spectra from cometary comae than those from solid surfaces and measured in the laboratory for powdered meteorites and regolith analogs. We hypothesize that the coma-like emission from the solid surfaces of trojans may be due to small silicate grains being imbedded in a relatively transparent matrix, or to a very under-dense (fairy-castle) surface structure. These hypotheses need to be tested by further laboratory and theoretical scattering work as well as continued thermal emission observations of asteroids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROJAN asteroids
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - CRUST
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - asteroids ( Surfaces )
KW  - composition ( Asteroids )
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 20901352; Emery, J.P. 1; Email Address: jemery@mail.arc.nasa.gov Cruikshank, D.P. 2 Van Cleve, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 182 Issue 2, p496; Subject Term: TROJAN asteroids; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: CRUST; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroids ( Surfaces ); Author-Supplied Keyword: composition ( Asteroids ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.01.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolau, Symeon
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papolymerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - Conformal Double Exponentially Tapered Slot Antenna (DETSA) on LCP for UWB Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1663
EP  - 1669
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - We discuss the use of a double exponentially tapered slot antenna (DETSA) fabricated on flexible liquid crystal polymer (LCP) as a candidate for ultrawideband (UWB) communications systems. The features of the antenna and the effect of the antenna on a transmitted pulse are investigated. Return loss and E and H plane radiation pattern measurements are presented in several frequencies covering the whole ultra wide band. The return loss remains below -10 dB and the shape of the radiation pattern remains fairly constant in the whole UWB range (3.110.6 GHz). The main lobe characteristic of the radiation pattern remains stable even when the antenna is significantly conformed. The major effect of the conformation is an increase in the cross polarization component amplitude. The system: transmitter DETSA—channel - receiver DETSA is measured in frequency domain and shows that the antenna adds very little distortion on a transmitted pulse. The distortion remain small even when both transmitter and receiver antennas are folded, although it increases slightly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APERTURE antennas
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - ULTRA-wideband antennas
KW  - LIQUID crystals
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - Conformal antenna
KW  - distortion
KW  - double exponentially slot antenna (DETSA)
KW  - liquid crystal polymer (LCP)
KW  - ultrashort pulse
KW  - ultrawideband (UWB)
N1  - Accession Number: 21633358; Nikolau, Symeon 1; Email Address: simos@ece.gatech.edu Ponchak, George E. 2 Papolymerou, John 1 Tentzeris, Manos M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30302 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p1663; Subject Term: APERTURE antennas; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Subject Term: ULTRA-wideband antennas; Subject Term: LIQUID crystals; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conformal antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: distortion; Author-Supplied Keyword: double exponentially slot antenna (DETSA); Author-Supplied Keyword: liquid crystal polymer (LCP); Author-Supplied Keyword: ultrashort pulse; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultrawideband (UWB); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2006.875915
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cameron, Charles B.
AU  - Rodríguez, Rosa Nívea
AU  - Padgett, Nathan
AU  - Waluschka, Eugene
AU  - Kizhner, Semion
AU  - Colón, Gabriel
AU  - Weeks, Colleen
T1  - Fast Optical Ray Tracing Using Multiple DSPs.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 801
EP  - 808
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Optical ray tracing is a computationally intensive operation that is central both to the design of optical systems and to analyzing their performance once built. The authors have previously reported on the use of parallel digital signal processors (DSPs) to reduce the time required to perform ray tracing in analyzing the performance of the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), which is presently in orbit on multiple spacecraft. The earlier work was incomplete, providing only a conservative estimate of the performance improvement that could be achieved with one to four DSPs. This paper reports on the completed project and extends the earlier work to eight DSPs. As predicted in the earlier paper, not all rays make it through the entire optical system. Many are lost along the way. This is one factor that led to reduced processing time. Another is the use of an optimizing compiler. In this paper, the authors present results showing the separate effect of each of these two independent factors on the overall processing time. The most significant finding is the extraordinarily linear relationship between the number of DSPs available and the speed of the ray tracing. By using eight DSPs, the processing time is reduced from two weeks to less than one and a half days, an improvement of nearly a whole order of magnitude. Low-cost high-speed ray tracing is now feasible using off-the-shelf plug-in processor boards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - PLUG-ins (Computer programs)
KW  - COMPILERS (Computer programs)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - OPTICAL detectors
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Orbits
KW  - Digital signal processor (DSP)
KW  - moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODtS)
KW  - optical ray tracing
KW  - optics
KW  - parallel processing
KW  - reconfigurable computing
KW  - resistance-capacitance (RC)
N1  - Accession Number: 21030908; Cameron, Charles B. 1; Email Address: cameronc@usna.edu Rodríguez, Rosa Nívea 2 Padgett, Nathan 3 Waluschka, Eugene 4 Kizhner, Semion 4 Colón, Gabriel 2 Weeks, Colleen 5; Affiliation:  1: United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA  2: Universidad de Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681 USA  3: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20768 USA  5: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p801; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: PLUG-ins (Computer programs); Subject Term: COMPILERS (Computer programs); Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: OPTICAL detectors; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital signal processor (DSP); Author-Supplied Keyword: moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODtS); Author-Supplied Keyword: optical ray tracing; Author-Supplied Keyword: optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: parallel processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: reconfigurable computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: resistance-capacitance (RC); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2006.873813
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Sulima, Oleg V.
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - RECENT DEVELOPMENT OF SB-BASED PHOTOTRANSISTORS IN THE 0.9- TO 2.2-μM WAVELENGTH RANGE FOR APPLICATIONS TO LASER REMOTE SENSING.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 567
EP  - 582
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 01291564
AB  - We have investigated commercially available photodiodes and also recent developed Sb-based phototransistors in order to compare their performances for applications to laser remote sensing. A custom-designed phototransistor in the 0.9- to 2.2-μm wavelength range has been developed at AstroPower and characterized at NASA Langley's Detector Characterization Laboratory. The phototransistor's performance greatly exceeds the previously reported results at this wavelength range in the literature. The detector testing included spectral response, dark current and noise measurements. Spectral response measurements were carried out to determine the responsivity at 2-μm wavelength at different bias voltages with fixed temperature; and different temperatures with fixed bias voltage. Current versus voltage characteristics were also recorded at different temperatures. Results show high responsivity of 2650 A/W corresponding to an internal gain of three orders of magnitude, and high detectivity (D*) of 3.9×1011 cm.Hz½/W that is equivalent to a noise-equivalent-power of 4.6×10-14 W/Hz½ (-4.0 V @ -20 °C) with a light collecting area diameter of 200-μm. It appears that this recently developed 2-μm phototransistor's performances such as responsivity, detectivity, and gain are improved significantly as compared to the previously published APD and SAM APD using similar materials. These detectors are considered as phototransistors based-on their structures and performance characteristics and may have great potential for high sensitivity differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements of carbon dioxide and water vapor at 2.05-μm and 1.9-μm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTODIODES
KW  - AVALANCHE photodiodes
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR junctions
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - avalanche photodiode
KW  - dark current
KW  - detectivity
KW  - noise-equivalent-power
KW  - Photodiode
KW  - phototransistor
KW  - responsivity
KW  - Sb-based detector
N1  - Accession Number: 22214101; Abedin, M. Nurul 1 Refaat, Tamer F. 2 Sulima, Oleg V. 3 Singh, Upendra N. 4; Affiliation:  1: Passive Sensor Systems Branch NASA Langley Research Center MS 468. SN. Dryden Street Hampton, VA 23681  2: Science & Technology Corporation NASA Langley Research Center MS 468, 5 N. Dryden Street Hampton, VA 23681  3: Department of Electrical Engineering University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716  4: Systems Engineering Directorate NASA Langley Research Center MS 454, 5 N. Dryden Street Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p567; Subject Term: PHOTODIODES; Subject Term: AVALANCHE photodiodes; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR junctions; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: avalanche photodiode; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark current; Author-Supplied Keyword: detectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: noise-equivalent-power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photodiode; Author-Supplied Keyword: phototransistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: responsivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sb-based detector; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Austin, Alexander J.
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
AU  - Quoc Ngo
T1  - Electrical conduction of carbon nanotube atomic force microscopy tips: Applications in nanofabrication.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/06//6/1/2006
VL  - 99
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 114304
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - This paper reports the electrical transport properties of the interface of a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) in physical end contact with a hydrogen-passivated Si surface and a Pt surface. The electrical measurement was performed in an atomic force microscope (AFM) with a MWNT attached to a scanning probe in contact mode at approximately 50% relative humidity. AFM force-distance spectroscopy was employed to set the degree of contact between the MWNT tip with the surface. The tip-substrate interface dominates the electrical measurement in this configuration, showing electrical conductivity characteristics indicative of the tip-substrate junction. MWNT tips in contact with a Pt surface exhibit a linear I-V behavior with electrical resistances in the range of 30–50 kΩ, demonstrating the metallic nature of the MWNT. Results are presented for the investigation of the current-induced joule heating limitations of MWNT tips under ambient conditions. Thinning of the outer walls through a current-induced thermal oxidation process is observed at a current greater than 5 μA, exhibiting a current density of greater than 106 A/cm2. For a MWNT tip in end contact with a highly p-doped silicon surface, a diode-like metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) junction is measured. Modeling of the MIS junction is presented and compared to the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - SCANNING probe microscopy
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 21300108; Austin, Alexander J. 1 Nguyen, Cattien V. 1; Email Address: cvnguyen@mail.arc.nasa.gov Quoc Ngo 2; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 229-1 Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Santa Clara University, Center for Nanostructures, Santa Clara, California 94050; Source Info: 6/1/2006, Vol. 99 Issue 11, p114304; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: SCANNING probe microscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2195123
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, G. L.
AU  - Bagayoko, D.
AU  - Yang, L.
T1  - Optical properties of aligned carbon nanotube mats for photonic applications.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/06//6/1/2006
VL  - 99
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 114311
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We studied the optical properties of the aligned carbon nanotube (16, 0), (10, 0), and (8, 4) mats for photonic device applications. We employed ab initio density functional potentials and utlized the linear combination of atomic orbital formalism. We calculated the electronic structure of the carbon nanotube mats and the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric functions as functions of the photon energy. The calculated dielectric functions of the aligned carbon nanotube mats show a strong anisotropy when the electric field of the light is parallel or perpendicular to the tube axes. Especially, there are strong peaks in the imaginary part of the dielectric function near the absorption edges, when the electric field of the light is parallel to the carbon nanotube axes. The unusual optical properties of the semiconducting carbon nanotube mats present an opportunity for applications in electro-optical devices in the infrared energy region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
N1  - Accession Number: 21300051; Zhao, G. L. 1; Email Address: zhao@grant.phys.subr.edu Bagayoko, D. 1 Yang, L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Southern University and A & M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813  2: Eloret, NASA Ames Research Center, MS230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 6/1/2006, Vol. 99 Issue 11, p114311; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2201738
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rebecca  R. Michelsen
AU  - Sarah  J. R. Staton
AU  - Laura  T. Iraci
T1  - Uptake and Dissolution of Gaseous Ethanol in Sulfuric Acid.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 110
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 6711
EP  - 6717
SN  - 10895639
AB  - The solubility of gas-phase ethanol (ethyl alcohol, CH3CH2OH, EtOH) in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions was measured in a Knudsen cell reactor over ranges of temperature (209−237 K) and acid composition (39−76 wt % H2R.4). Ethanol is very soluble under these conditions:  effective Henry's law coefficients, H*, range from 4 × 104 M atm-1 in the 227 K, 39 wt % acid to greater than 107 M atm-1 in the 76 wt % acid. In 76 wt % sulfuric acid, ethanol solubility exceeds that which can be precisely determined using the Knudsen cell technique but falls in the range of 107−1010 M atm-1. The equilibrium concentration of ethanol in upper tropospheric/lower stratospheric (UT/LS) sulfate particles is calculated from these measurements and compared to other small oxygenated organic compounds. Even if ethanol is a minor component in the gas phase, it may be a major constituent of the organic fraction in the particle phase. No evidence for the formation of ethyl hydrogen sulfate was found under our experimental conditions. While the protonation of ethanol does augment solubility at higher acidity, the primary reason H* increases with acidity is an increase in the solubility of molecular (i.e., neutral) ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALCOHOL
KW  - SULFURIC acid
KW  - SOLUBILITY
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 21631984; Rebecca  R. Michelsen 1 Sarah  J. R. Staton 1 Laura  T. Iraci 1; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 110 Issue 21, p6711; Subject Term: ALCOHOL; Subject Term: SULFURIC acid; Subject Term: SOLUBILITY; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eglinton, Lorraine B.
AU  - Lim, Darlene
AU  - Slater, Greg
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Whelan, Jean K.
AU  - Douglas, Marianne
T1  - Organic geochemical characterization of a Miocene core sample from Haughton impact structure, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canadian High Arctic
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 37
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 688
EP  - 710
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Abstract: Extremely well preserved sedimentary deposits in the Haughton impact structure (HIS) provide a unique record of the post-impact Miocene lacustrine depositional environment. Detailed organic geochemical characterization of a hydrocarbon-impregnated band found in a core from the crater-lake sedimentary infill reveals a complex source history for the hydrocarbons. These include contributions from eroded pre- and post-impact formations together with inputs from contemporaneous flora and fauna, a deep, possibly lower Paleozoic petroleum as well as a contribution from hydrothermally altered organic biopolymers. Geochemical data coupled with paleolimnology and geology proves to be a valuable tool for studying the provenance of hydrocarbons associated with the HIS and can give insights, not only into the post-impact geology, but also into processes that may contribute to the generation of petroleum fluids at other impact sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Miocene
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
N1  - Accession Number: 20962773; Eglinton, Lorraine B. 1; Email Address: leglinton@whoi.edu Lim, Darlene 2 Slater, Greg 3 Osinski, Gordon R. 4 Whelan, Jean K. 1 Douglas, Marianne 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Building 245, Mail-Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: School of Geography and Geology, 1280 Main Street West, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada L8S 4K1  4: Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Route de l’Aeroport, Saint-Hubert, Que., Canada J3Y 8Y9  5: Department of Geology, 22 Russell Street, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ont., Canada M5S 3B1; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 37 Issue 6, p688; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Miocene; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pettersson-Reif, B. A.
AU  - Gatski, T. B.
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
T1  - On the behavior of two-equation models in nonequilibrium homogeneous turbulence.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 065109
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The class of turbulence models that utilize two-equation differential transport equations is investigated. A dynamical systems analysis is performed on these transport equations to identify the various critical points and associated stability characteristics. The goal is to understand the transient solution behavior and to identify the possible solution fixed points. The analysis is restricted to homogeneous flows with constant and time-dependent mean shear. The transient behavior of the turbulence variables identifies possible pseudolaminar solutions that can be generated. These solutions are unphysical and need to be avoided. The present study provides the necessary framework for analyzing such two-equation turbulence models. Finally it is shown that models rigorously derived from Reynolds-stress transport models by utilizing the algebraic stress approximation, e.g., explicit algebraic stress models, still constitute a justifiable method also when the mean shear varies in time, provided that the time variation is sufficiently slow. Closed form algebraic time dependent solutions are derived for some commonly used models in homogeneous shear flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - MODELS & modelmaking
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - EQUATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 21487690; Pettersson-Reif, B. A. 1; Email Address: Bjorn.Reif@ffi.no Gatski, T. B. 2 Rumsey, C. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Norwegian Defense Research Establishment (FFI), NO-2025 Kjeller, Norway  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p065109; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: MODELS & modelmaking; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2213642
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jedlovec, Gary J.
AU  - Nair, Udaysankar
AU  - Haines, Stephanie L.
T1  - Detection of Storm Damage Tracks with EOS Data.
JO  - Weather & Forecasting
JF  - Weather & Forecasting
Y1  - 2006/06//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 267
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08828156
AB  - The damage surveys conducted by the NWS in the aftermath of a reported tornadic event are used to document the location of the tornado ground damage track (pathlength and width) and an estimation of the tornado intensity. This study explores the possibility of using near-real-time medium and high spatial resolution satellite imagery from the NASA Earth Observing System satellites to provide additional information for the surveys. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data were used to study the damage tracks from three tornadic storms: the La Plata, Maryland, storm of 28 April 2002 and the Ellsinore and Marquand, Missouri, storms of 24 April 2002. These storms varied in intensity and occurred over regions with significantly different land cover. It was found that, depending on the nature of the land cover, tornado damage tracks from intense storms (F1 or greater) and hail storms may be evident in ASTER, Landsat, and MODIS satellite imagery. In areas where the land cover is dominated by forests, the scar patterns can show up very clearly, while in areas of grassland and regions with few trees, scar patterns are not as obvious or cannot be seen at all in the satellite imagery. The detection of previously unidentified segments of a damage track caused by the 24 April 2002 Marquand, Missouri, tornado demonstrates the utility of satellite imagery for damage surveys. However, the capability to detect tornado tracks in satellite imagery depends on the ability to observe the ground without obstruction from space and appears to be as much dependent on the nature of the underlying surface and land cover as on the severity of the tornadic storm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Weather & Forecasting is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STORMS
KW  - TORNADOES
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - HAILSTORMS
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 21435974; Jedlovec, Gary J. 1; Email Address: gary.jedlovec@nasa.gov Nair, Udaysankar 2 Haines, Stephanie L. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama  2: Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p249; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: TORNADOES; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: HAILSTORMS; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 12 Color Photographs, 3 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AU  - Abe, M.
AU  - Takagi, V.
AU  - Kitazato, K.
AU  - Abe, S.
AU  - Hiroi, T.
AU  - Vilas, F.
AU  - Clark, B. E.
AU  - Abell, P. A.
AU  - Lederer, S. M.
AU  - Jarvis, K. S.
AU  - Nimura, T.
AU  - Ueda, Y.
AU  - Fujiwara, A.
T1  - Near-Infrared Spectral Results of Asteroid Itokawa from the Hayabusa Spacecraft.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/06/02/
VL  - 312
IS  - 5778
M3  - Report
SP  - 1334
EP  - 1338
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The near-infrared spectrometer on board the Japanese Hayabusa spacecraft found a variation of more than 10% in albedo and absorption band depth in the surface reflectance of asteroid 25143 Itokawa. Spectral shape over the 1-micrometer absorption band indicates that the surface of this body has an olivine-rich mineral assemblage potentially similar to that of LL5 or LL6 chondrites. Diversity in the physical condition of Itokawa's surface appears to be larger than for other S-type asteroids previously explored by spacecraft, such as 433 Eros. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR-earth asteroids
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - ROCK-forming minerals
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 21178563; Abe, M. 1 Takagi, V. 2 Kitazato, K. 1,3 Abe, S. 4 Hiroi, T. 5 Vilas, F. 6 Clark, B. E. 7 Abell, P. A. 8 Lederer, S. M. 9 Jarvis, K. S. 8,10 Nimura, T. 1,3 Ueda, Y. 3 Fujiwara, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan.  2: Toho Gakuen University, 3-11 Heiwagaoka, Meito, Nagoya, Aichi 465-8515, Japan.  3: University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.  4: Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan.  5: Department of Geological Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.  6: MMT Observatory, Post Office Box 210065, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.  7: Department of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.  8: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.  9: Department of Physics, California State University, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.  10: ESC Group/Hamilton Sundstrand, 2224 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA.; Source Info: 6/2/2006, Vol. 312 Issue 5778, p1334; Subject Term: NEAR-earth asteroids; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: ROCK-forming minerals; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Report
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Wall, S.
AU  - Janssen, M.
AU  - Stofan, E.
AU  - Lopes, R.
AU  - Kirk, R.
AU  - Lorenz, R.
AU  - Lunine, J.
AU  - Paganelli, F.
AU  - Soderblom, L.
AU  - Wood, C.
AU  - Wye, L.
AU  - Zebker, H.
AU  - Anderson, Y.
AU  - Ostro, S.
AU  - Allison, M.
AU  - Boehmer, R.
AU  - Callahan, P.
AU  - Encrenaz, P.
AU  - Flamini, E.
T1  - Titan Radar Mapper observations from Cassini's T3 fly-by.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/06/08/
VL  - 441
IS  - 7094
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 713
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Cassini's Titan Radar Mapper imaged the surface of Saturn's moon Titan on its February 2005 fly-by (denoted T3), collecting high-resolution synthetic-aperture radar and larger-scale radiometry and scatterometry data. These data provide the first definitive identification of impact craters on the surface of Titan, networks of fluvial channels and surficial dark streaks that may be longitudinal dunes. Here we describe this great diversity of landforms. We conclude that much of the surface thus far imaged by radar of the haze-shrouded Titan is very young, with persistent geologic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - RADAR
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - LANDFORMS
N1  - Accession Number: 21091230; Elachi, C. 1 Wall, S. 1; Email Address: steve.wall@jpl.nasa.gov Janssen, M. 1 Stofan, E. 2 Lopes, R. 1 Kirk, R. 3 Lorenz, R. 4 Lunine, J. 4,5 Paganelli, F. 1 Soderblom, L. 3 Wood, C. 6 Wye, L. 7 Zebker, H. 7 Anderson, Y. 1 Ostro, S. 1 Allison, M. 8 Boehmer, R. 1 Callahan, P. 1 Encrenaz, P. 9 Flamini, E. 10; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  2: Proxemy Research, Bowie, Maryland 20715, USA  3: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA  5: IFSI-INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy  6: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA  7: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA  8: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration New York, New York 10025, USA  9: Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France  10: Alenia Aerospazio, 00131 Rome, Italy; Source Info: 6/8/2006, Vol. 441 Issue 7094, p709; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature04786
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Yuzhi
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
AU  - Liu, Yen
T1  - Spectral (finite) volume method for conservation laws on unstructured grids VI: Extension to viscous flow
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2006/06/10/
VL  - 215
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 58
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, the spectral volume (SV) method is extended to solve viscous flow governed by the Navier–Stokes equations. Several techniques to discretize the viscous fluxes have been tested, and a formulation similar to the local discontinuous Galerkin (DG) approach developed for the DG method has been selected in the present study. The SV method combines two key ideas, which are the bases of the finite volume and the finite element methods, i.e., the physics of wave propagation accounted for by the use of a Riemann solver and high-order accuracy achieved through high-order polynomial reconstructions within spectral volumes. The formulation of the SV method for a 2D advection-diffusion equation and the compressible Navier–Stokes equations is described. Accuracy studies are performed using problems with analytical solutions. The solver is used to compute laminar viscous flow problems to shown its potential. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Physics)
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - 65M60
KW  - 65M70
KW  - High-order
KW  - Navier–Stokes equations
KW  - Spectral finite volume
KW  - Unstructured grid
N1  - Accession Number: 20344944; Sun, Yuzhi 1; Email Address: sunyuzhi@iastate.edu Wang, Z.J. 1; Email Address: zjw@iastate.edu Liu, Yen 2; Email Address: Yen.Liu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, 2271 Howe Hall, Ames, IA 50011, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 215 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Physics); Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M60; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M70; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral finite volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unstructured grid; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2005.06.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Neophytou, Neophytos
AU  - Kienle, Diego
AU  - Polizzi, Eric
AU  - Anantram, M. P.
T1  - Influence of defects on nanotube transistor performance.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/06/12/
VL  - 88
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 242106
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We study the effect of vacancies and charged impurities on the performance of carbon nanotube transistors by self-consistently solving the three-dimensional Poisson and Schrödinger equations. We find that a single vacancy or charged impurity can decrease the drive current by more than 25% from the ballistic current. The threshold voltage shift in the case of charged impurities can be as large as 40 mV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - CARBON
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - POISSON'S equation
KW  - SCHRODINGER equation
N1  - Accession Number: 21364280; Neophytou, Neophytos 1; Email Address: neophyto@purdue.edu Kienle, Diego 1 Polizzi, Eric 2 Anantram, M. P. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1285  2: ECE Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003  3: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: 6/12/2006, Vol. 88 Issue 24, p242106; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: POISSON'S equation; Subject Term: SCHRODINGER equation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2211932
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Rey, Daniel
AU  - Mohamed, Kais
AU  - Rubio, Belén
AU  - Guerra, Ana P.
T1  - Mapping the Sources of Urban Dust in a Coastal Environment by Measuring Magnetic Parameters of Platanus hispanica Leaves.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/06/15/
VL  - 40
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3922
EP  - 3928
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Tree leaves accumulate atmospheric particles on their surface, and a fraction of these particles exhibits magnetic properties that can be used to determine the spatial distribution of atmospheric dust in an urban area. This observation is exploited here to map sources of atmospheric pollutants in the coastal city of Vigo. The magnetic carriers on the leaves were iron oxide spherules (5–10 μm) and larger iron-bearing particles (typically 10–50 μm). The maximum values of magnetic remanence were very restricted in space and could be directly related to nearby polluting activities, such as road and railway traffic and shipyard and harbor activities; hence, our data represent main sources of urban dust in the city and not sinks. The concentrations of Fe, Zn, Ni, Pb, and Cu on the leaves showed a strong positive inter-correlation and also with the magnetic remanence of the leaves, suggesting common sources for these heavy metals and for the magnetic carriers. Mn and Cr did not show any significant correlation and their presence was linked to natural accumulations as micronutrients by the trees. The iron spherules and the heavy metal species identified here coincide with materials commonly found in sediments of the adjacent Ria de Vigo. The identification of the main sources of urban dust and heavy metals in the industrial and urban areas can, therefore, help in controlling these emissions to the Ria de Vigo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAVES
KW  - MAGNETIC properties
KW  - MAGNETIC induction
KW  - POLLUTANTS
KW  - IRON oxides
KW  - DUST
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - HEAVY metals
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL research
KW  - VIGO (Spain)
KW  - SPAIN
N1  - Accession Number: 21393610; Davila, Alfonso F. 1,2 Rey, Daniel 1 Mohamed, Kais 1 Rubio, Belén 1 Guerra, Ana P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Geociencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain  2: NASA Ames Research Center MS., 245-3, Moffet Field, California; Source Info: 6/15/2006, Vol. 40 Issue 12, p3922; Subject Term: LEAVES; Subject Term: MAGNETIC properties; Subject Term: MAGNETIC induction; Subject Term: POLLUTANTS; Subject Term: IRON oxides; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: HEAVY metals; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL research; Subject Term: VIGO (Spain); Subject Term: SPAIN; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassinos, S.
AU  - Knaepen, B.
AU  - Wray, A.
T1  - Statistical measures of structural anisotropy in MHD turbulence subjected to mean shear and frame rotation.
JO  - Journal of Turbulence
JF  - Journal of Turbulence
Y1  - 2006/06/18/
VL  - 7
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 14685248
AB  - We consider homogeneous turbulence in a conducting fluid that is exposed to a uniform external magnetic field while being sheared in fixed and rotating frames. We take both the frame-rotation axis and the applied magnetic field to be aligned in the direction normal to the plane of the mean shear. We find that a key parameter determining the structural morphology of the flow is the ratio of the time scale of the mean shear to the Joule time, t shear /t m . When t shear ≪ t m , we find that the turbulence structures tend to align preferentially with the streamwise direction irrespective of the magnetic Reynolds number, R m . When t shear ≫ t m , we find that at low R m the turbulent eddies become elongated and aligned with the magnetic field, but at moderately high R m , there is partial streamwise alignment of the eddies. When t shear ˜ t m , we find that competing mechanisms tend to produce different structural anisotropies, and small variations in dimensionless parameters can have a strong effect on the structure of the evolving flow. For example, at R m ≪ 1, a preferential alignment of structures in the direction of the magnetic field emerges as the flow evolves, consistent with the predictions of the quasi-static approach. For R m ~ 1, the structures are found to be equally aligned in the streamwise and spanwise direction at large times. However, when R m is moderately high (10 ? R m ? 50) this strong spanwise alignment is replaced by a preferential alignment of structures in the streamwise direction. Counter to intuition, we found evidence that strong rotation in combination with a spanwise magnetic field tends to promote a streamwise alignment of the eddies, at least when t shear ˜ t m . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Turbulence is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 20338749; Kassinos, S. 1 Knaepen, B. 2 Wray, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, 1678, Cyprus  2: Université Libre de Bruxelles, Statistical and Plasma Physics, CP231, Boulevard du Triomphe, Campus Plaine, 1050, Brussels, Belgium  3: Center for Turbulence Research, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 7 Issue 26, p1; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14685240600635846
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lew, Jiann-Shiun
AU  - Horta, Lucas G.
AU  - Reaves, Mercedes C.
T1  - Uncertainty quantification of an inflatable/rigidizable torus
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2006/06/20/
VL  - 294
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 615
EP  - 623
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: There is an increasing interest in lightweight inflatable structures for space missions. The dynamic testing and model updating of these types of structures present many challenges in terms of model uncertainty and structural nonlinearity. This paper presents an experimental study of uncertainty quantification of a 3m-diameter inflatable torus. Model uncertainty can be thought of as coming from two different sources, uncertainty due to changes in controlled conditions, such as temperature and input force level, and uncertainty associated with others random factors, such as measurement noise, etc. To precisely investigate and quantify model uncertainty from different sources, experiments, using sine-sweep excitation in the specified narrow frequency bands, are conducted to collect frequency response function (FRF) under various test conditions. To model the variation of the identified parameters, a singular value decomposition technique is applied to extract the principal components of the parameter change. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
KW  - DYNAMIC testing
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 20831038; Lew, Jiann-Shiun 1; Email Address: lew@coe.tsuniv.edu Horta, Lucas G. 2 Reaves, Mercedes C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 294 Issue 3, p615; Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Subject Term: DYNAMIC testing; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.11.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
T1  - Hydrocarbon emissions from a modern commercial airliner
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2006/06/21/
VL  - 40
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 3601
EP  - 3612
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: We report selected carbon species emission indices (EIs) for a Rolls Royce RB211-535-E4 turbofan engine that were acquired during the NASA EXperiment to Characterize Aircraft Volatile Aerosol and Trace-species Emissions (EXCAVATE). Conducted during winter 2002, the mission focused upon characterizing the exhaust constituents of the NASA Boeing 757 aircraft during ground-based operation. Carbon species concentrations were determined by chromatographic analyses of whole air samples collected 10m behind the engine exit plane as engine power was varied from ground idle to about 60% of maximum rated thrust. Ambient air samples were also collected and analyzed to facilitate correction of calculated EIs for background concentrations. Results are consistent with previous observations and indicate that, on a relative basis, turbine engines emit considerable amounts of light hydrocarbon species at idle, but significantly lesser amounts at higher engine powers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - BOEING airplanes
KW  - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis
KW  - Aircraft emission
KW  - Hydrocarbon emission indices
KW  - Turbine engine
N1  - Accession Number: 20969605; Anderson, Bruce E. 1; Email Address: Bruce.E.Anderson@nasa.gov Chen, Gao 1 Blake, Donald R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23662, USA  2: University of California at Irvine, Irvine CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 40 Issue 19, p3601; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: BOEING airplanes; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbon emission indices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine engine; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.09.072
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burns, Joseph A.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
T1  - Our Local Astrophysical Laboratory.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/06/23/
VL  - 312
IS  - 5781
M3  - Article
SP  - 1753
EP  - 1755
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article offers information about the orbiting bodies within the rings of planet Saturn as observed by the Cassini spacecraft. Small objects that tend to orbit a dominant central mass comprise the rings and protoplanetary disks of Saturn. There are also the existence of resonances that prevent the phenomenon on the crowding of orbiting bodies which would collide with one another upon lose of energy while keeping up the angular momentum and would result to flatten the systems to thin disks. There are also indications of gaps along the most dominant clearings of the planet's rings that contain the embedded moons. The observations emphasize that the Saturn system is changing over time.
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - SPACE flight to Saturn
KW  - SATURN probes
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 21507258; Burns, Joseph A. 1; Email Address: Jab16@cornell.edu Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Astronomy and Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 6/23/2006, Vol. 312 Issue 5781, p1753; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Saturn; Subject Term: SATURN probes; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caldwell, Joshua D.
AU  - Mastro, Michael A.
AU  - Hobart, Karl D.
AU  - Glembocki, Orest J.
AU  - Eddy, Charles R.
AU  - Bassim, Nabil D.
AU  - Holm, R. T.
AU  - Henry, Richard L.
AU  - Twigg, Mark E.
AU  - Kub, Fritz
AU  - Neudeck, Phillip G.
AU  - Trunek, Andrew J.
AU  - Powell, J. Anthony
T1  - Improved ultraviolet emission from reduced defect gallium nitride homojunctions grown on step-free 4H-SiC mesas.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/06/26/
VL  - 88
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 263509
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We previously reported 100-fold reductions in III-N heterofilm threading dislocation density achieved via growth on top of (0001) 4H-SiC mesas completely free of atomic scale steps. This letter compares the electroluminescent (EL) output of GaN pn junctions grown on top of 4H-SiC mesas with and without such steps. An average of 49% enhancement of the ultraviolet luminescence (380 nm) was observed in step-free mesas over comparable “stepped” counterparts. Despite the intense EL from the step-free devices, significant leakage was observed through the periphery of the device, possibly due to the lack of GaN junction isolation processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROLUMINESCENCE
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - GALLIUM nitride
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR junctions
KW  - ELECTROLUMINESCENT devices
N1  - Accession Number: 21845899; Caldwell, Joshua D. 1; Email Address: joshua.cadwell@nrl.navy.mil Mastro, Michael A. 1 Hobart, Karl D. 1 Glembocki, Orest J. 1 Eddy, Charles R. 1 Bassim, Nabil D. 1 Holm, R. T. 1 Henry, Richard L. 1 Twigg, Mark E. 1 Kub, Fritz 1 Neudeck, Phillip G. 2 Trunek, Andrew J. 3 Powell, J. Anthony 4; Affiliation:  1: Electronic Science and Technology, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: OAI, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Sest, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 6/26/2006, Vol. 88 Issue 26, p263509; Subject Term: ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: GALLIUM nitride; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR junctions; Subject Term: ELECTROLUMINESCENT devices; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2218045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerhold, Carl H.
AU  - Clark, Lorenzo R.
AU  - Dunn, Mark H.
AU  - Tweed, John
T1  - Investigation of acoustical shielding by a wedge-shaped airframe
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2006/06/27/
VL  - 294
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 63
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Experiments on a scale model of an advanced unconventional subsonic transport concept, the blended wing body (BWB), have demonstrated significant shielding of inlet-radiated noise. A computational model of the shielding mechanism has been developed using a combination of boundary integral equation method (BIEM) for source definition and equivalent source method (ESM) for scattering. In this way the sound fields with and without the airfoil can be estimated for comparison to experiment. An experimental test bed using a simplified wedge-shape airfoil and a broadband point noise source in a simulated nacelle has been developed for the purposes of verifying the analytical model and also to study the effect of engine nacelle placement on shielding. The analytic and experimental results are compared at 6300 and 8000Hz. These frequencies correspond to approximately 125 and 160Hz on the full-scale aircraft. Comparison between the experimental and analytic results is quite good, not only for the noise scattering by the airframe, but also for the total sound pressure in the far field. Many of the details of the sound field that the analytic model predicts are seen or indicated in the experiment, within the spatial resolution limitations of the experiment. Changing nacelle location produces comparable changes in noise shielding contours evaluated analytically and experimentally. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - BOUNDARY element methods
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics) -- Research
KW  - SOUND -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 20831047; Gerhold, Carl H. 1; Email Address: carl.h.gerhold@nasa.gov Clark, Lorenzo R. 1 Dunn, Mark H. 2 Tweed, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2006, Vol. 294 Issue 1/2, p49; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: BOUNDARY element methods; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics) -- Research; Subject Term: SOUND -- Research; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.10.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wood, L.
AU  - da Silva Curiel, A.
AU  - Ivancic, W.
AU  - Hodgson, D.
AU  - Shell, D.
AU  - Jackson, C.
AU  - Stewart, D.
T1  - Operating a terrestrial Internet router onboard and alongside a small satellite
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 1-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 124
EP  - 131
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: After twenty months of flying, testing and demonstrating a Cisco mobile access router, originally designed for terrestrial use, onboard the low-Earth-orbiting UK-DMC satellite as part of a larger merged ground/space IP-based internetwork, we use our experience to examine the benefits and drawbacks of integration and standards reuse for small satellite missions. Benefits include ease of operation and the ability to leverage existing systems and infrastructure designed for general use with a large set of latent capabilities to draw on when needed, as well as the familiarity that comes from reuse of existing, known, and well-understood security and operational models. Drawbacks include cases where integration work was needed to bridge the gaps in assumptions between different systems, and where performance considerations outweighed the benefits of reuse of pre-existing file transfer protocols. We find similarities with the terrestrial IP networks whose technologies have been taken to small satellites—and also some significant differences between the two in operational models and assumptions that must be borne in mind. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - COMPUTER network protocols
KW  - INTERNET protocols
N1  - Accession Number: 21262295; Wood, L. 1; Email Address: lwood@cisco.com da Silva Curiel, A. 2 Ivancic, W. 3 Hodgson, D. 2,4 Shell, D. 5 Jackson, C. 2 Stewart, D. 3,6; Affiliation:  1: Cisco Systems Global Defense, Space and Security, Bedfont Lakes, London, UK  2: Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  4: DMC International Imaging, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK  5: Cisco Systems Government Services Unit, Richfield, OH, USA  6: Verizon Federal Network Systems, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 59 Issue 1-5, p124; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: COMPUTER network protocols; Subject Term: INTERNET protocols; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.02.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Voland, Randall T.
AU  - Huebner, Lawrence D.
AU  - McClinton, Charles R.
T1  - X-43A Hypersonic vehicle technology development
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 1-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 191
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: NASA recently completed two major programs in hypersonics: Hyper-X, with the record-breaking flights of the X-43A, and the next generation launch technology (NGLT) program. The X-43A flights, the culmination of the Hyper-X program, were the first-ever examples of a scramjet engine propelling a hypersonic vehicle and provided unique, convincing, detailed flight data required to validate the design tools needed for design and development of future operational hypersonic airbreathing vehicles. Concurrent with Hyper-X, NASA''s NGLT program focused on technologies needed for future revolutionary launch vehicles. The NGLT was “competed” by NASA in response to the President''s redirection of the agency to space exploration, after making significant progress towards maturing technologies required to enable airbreathing hypersonic launch vehicles. NGLT quantified the benefits, identified technology needs, developed airframe and propulsion technology, chartered a broad University base, and developed detailed plans to mature and validate hypersonic airbreathing technology for space access. NASA is currently in the process of defining plans for a new hypersonic technology program. Details of that plan are not currently available. This paper highlights results from the successful Mach 7 and 10 flights of the X-43A, and the current state of hypersonic technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 21262302; Voland, Randall T. Huebner, Lawrence D. 1 McClinton, Charles R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 59 Issue 1-5, p181; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.02.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sudbrack, Chantal K.
AU  - Yoon, Kevin E.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Temporal evolution of the nanostructure and phase compositions in a model Ni–Al–Cr alloy
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 54
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3199
EP  - 3210
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: In a Ni-5.2 Al-14.2 Cr at.% alloy with moderate solute supersaturations and a very small γ/γ′ lattice parameter misfit, the nanostructural and compositional pathways during γ′(L12) precipitation at 873K are investigated using atom-probe tomography, conventional transmission electron microscopy, and hardness measurements. Nucleation of high number densities (N v >1023 m−3) of solute-rich precipitates (mean radius=〈R〉=0.75nm), with a critical nucleus composition of Ni-18.3±0.9 Al-9.3±0.7 Cr at.%, initiates between 0.0833 and 0.167h. With increasing aging time (a) the solute concentrations decay in spheroidal precipitates (〈R〉<10nm); (b) the observed early-stage coalescence peaks at maximum N v in coincidence with the smallest interprecipitate spacing; and (c) the reaction enters a quasi-stationary regime where growth and coarsening operate concomitantly. During this quasi-stationary regime, the γ (face-centered cubic)-matrix solute supersaturations decay with a power-law dependence of about −1/3, while the dependencies of 〈R〉 and N v are 0.29±0.05 and −0.64±0.06 at a coarsening rate slower than model predications. Coarsening models allow both equilibrium phase compositions to be determined from the compositional measurements. The observed early-stage coalescence is discussed in further detail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - OSTWALD ripening
KW  - Atom-probe tomography
KW  - Coarsening
KW  - Nanostructure
KW  - Ni alloys
KW  - Nucleation of phase transformations
N1  - Accession Number: 21341513; Sudbrack, Chantal K. 1; Email Address: csudbrack@alumni.reed.edu Yoon, Kevin E. 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Seidman, David N. 1; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 54 Issue 12, p3199; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: OSTWALD ripening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom-probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coarsening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleation of phase transformations; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.03.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
AU  - Reif, B. A. Pettersson
AU  - Gatski, T. B.
T1  - Arbitrary Steady-State Solutions with the K-ε Model.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1586
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Widely used forms of the K-ε turbulence model are shown to yield arbitrary steady-state converged solutions that are highly dependent on numerical considerations such as initial conditions and solution procedure. These solutions contain pseudo-laminar regions of varying size, which can occur even when attempting to use the K-ε model within its intended scope as a fully turbulent computation. By applying a nullcline analysis to the equation set, it is possible to clearly demonstrate the reasons for the anomalous behavior. In summary, use of a low-Reynolds-number damping term in the ε equation causes the degenerate solution to act as a stable fixed point under certain conditions, in turn causing the numerical method to converge there. The analysis also suggests a methodology for preventing the anomalous behavior in steady-state computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 21535987; Rumsey, C. L. 1,2; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov Reif, B. A. Pettersson 3,4,5; Email Address: bjorn.reif@ffi.no Gatski, T. B. 1,2,6,7; Email Address: t.b.gatski@widomaker.com; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Senior Scientist, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, P.O. Box 25, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway  4: Adjunct Professor, Department of Applied Mechanics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden  5: Member, AIAA  6: Research Director, B.P. 30179, Laboratoire d'Études Aérodynamiques, UMR CNRS 6609, Université de Poitiers, SP2MI, Téléport 2, Bd. Marie et Pierre Curie, 86962 Futuroscope, Chasseneuil Cedex, France  7: Research Professor, Department of Ocean, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1586; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Langley, Pat
AU  - Shiran, Oren
AU  - Shrager, Jeff
AU  - Todorovski, Ljupčo
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
T1  - Constructing explanatory process models from biological data and knowledge
JO  - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
JF  - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 37
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 201
SN  - 09333657
AB  - Summary: Objective: We address the task of inducing explanatory models from observations and knowledge about candidate biological processes, using the illustrative problem of modeling photosynthesis regulation. Methods: We cast both models and background knowledge in terms of processes that interact to account for behavior. We also describe IPM, an algorithm for inducing quantitative process models from such input. Results: We demonstrate IPM’s use both on photosynthesis and on a second domain, biochemical kinetics, reporting the models induced and their fit to observations. Conclusion: We consider the generality of our approach, discuss related research on biological modeling, and suggest directions for future work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - PLANT photorespiration
KW  - CRASSULACEAN acid metabolism
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - Biochemical kinetic reactions
KW  - Computational scientific discovery
KW  - Inductive process modeling
KW  - Photosynthesis regulation
N1  - Accession Number: 21338522; Langley, Pat 1; Email Address: langley@csli.stanford.edu Shiran, Oren 1 Shrager, Jeff 1 Todorovski, Ljupčo 2 Pohorille, Andrew 3; Affiliation:  1: Computational Learning Laboratory, Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: Department of Intelligent Systems, Jozef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39 SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia  3: Center for Computational Astrobiology and Fundamental Biology, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p191; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: PLANT photorespiration; Subject Term: CRASSULACEAN acid metabolism; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemical kinetic reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational scientific discovery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inductive process modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosynthesis regulation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.artmed.2006.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rein, Guillermo
AU  - Lautenberger, Chris
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos
AU  - Torero, Jose L.
AU  - Urban, David L.
T1  - Application of genetic algorithms and thermogravimetry to determine the kinetics of polyurethane foam in smoldering combustion
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 146
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 108
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: In this work, the kinetic parameters governing the thermal and oxidative degradation of flexible polyurethane foam are determined using thermogravimetric data and a genetic algorithm. These kinetic parameters are needed in the theoretical modeling of the foam''s smoldering behavior. Experimental thermogravimetric mass-loss data are used to explore the kinetics of polyurethane foam and to propose a mechanism consisting of five reactions. A lumped model of solid mass loss based on Arrhenius-type reaction rates and the five-step mechanism is developed to predict the polyurethane thermal degradation. The predictions are compared to the thermogravimetric measurements, and using a genetic algorithm, the method finds the kinetic and stoichiometric parameters that provide the best agreement between the lumped model and the experiments. To date, no study has attempted to describe both forward and opposed smolder-propagation with the same kinetic mechanism. Thus, in order to verify that the polyurethane kinetics determined from thermogravimetric experiments can be used to describe the reactions involved in polyurethane smoldering combustion, the five-step mechanism and its kinetic parameters are incorporated into a simple species model of smoldering combustion. It is shown that the species model agrees with experimental observations and that it captures phenomenologically the spatial distribution of the different species and the reactions in the vicinity of the front, for both forward and opposed propagation. The results indicate that the kinetic scheme proposed here is the first one to describe smoldering combustion of polyurethane in both propagation modes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIRE
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - GENETIC programming (Computer science)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - Genetic algorithms
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Polyurethane foam
KW  - Smoldering combustion
KW  - Thermogravimetry
N1  - Accession Number: 21340683; Rein, Guillermo 1 Lautenberger, Chris 1 Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos 1; Email Address: ferpello@me.berkeley.edu Torero, Jose L. 2 Urban, David L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: University of Edinburgh, UK  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 146 Issue 1/2, p95; Subject Term: FIRE; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: GENETIC programming (Computer science); Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetic algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyurethane foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smoldering combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermogravimetry; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.04.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mastrapa, Rachel M.E.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
T1  - Ion irradiation of crystalline H2O–ice: Effect on the 1.65-μm band
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 183
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 207
EP  - 214
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We have found that 0.8 MeV proton irradiation of crystalline H2O–ice results in temperature dependent amorphization. The H2O–ice''s phase was determined using the near infrared spectrum from 1.0 μm (10,000 cm−1) to 2.5 μm (4000 cm−1). In crystalline H2O–ice, the 1.65-μm (6061 cm−1) band is strong while it is nearly absent in the amorphous spectrum [Schmitt, B., Quirico, E., Trotta, F., Grundy, W.M., 1998. In: Schmitt, B., de Bergh, C., Festou, M. (Eds.), Solar System Ices. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA, 1998, pp. 199–240]. In this experiment, at low temperatures (9, 25, and 40 K), irradiation of crystalline H2O–ice produced the amorphous H2O–ice''s spectrum. However, at 50 K, some crystalline absorptions persisted after irradiation and at 70 and 100 K the crystalline spectrum showed only slight changes after irradiation. Our results agree with previous H2O–ice irradiation studies examining the crystalline peaks near 44 and 62 μm by Moore and Hudson [Moore, M.H., Hudson, R.L., 1992. Astrophys. J. 401, 353–360] and near 3.07 μm by Strazzulla et al. [Strazzulla, G., Baratta, G.A., Leto, G., Foti, G., 1992. Europhys. Lett. 18, 517–522] and by Leto and Baratta [Leto, G., Baratta, G.A., 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 397, 7–13]. We present a method of measuring band areas to quantify the phase and radiation dose of icy Solar System surfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - Ices
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Kuiper belt objects
KW  - Radiation chemistry
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 21071559; Mastrapa, Rachel M.E. 1; Email Address: mastrapa@lpl.arisona.edu Brown, Robert H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Planetary Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 183 Issue 1, p207; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.02.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21071559&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forsberg, Andrew
AU  - Haley, Graff
AU  - Bragdon, Andrew
AU  - Levy, Joseph
AU  - Fassett, Caleb I.
AU  - Shean, David
AU  - Head III, James W.
AU  - Milkovich, sarah
AU  - Duchaineau, Mark A.
T1  - Adviser: Immersive Field Work for Planetary Geoscientists.
JO  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
JF  - IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 54
SN  - 02721716
AB  - The article cites a study which has been aimed at enhancing the ability of planetary geologists to conduct effective research on remote environments like Antarctica and Mars. The researchers developed the Adviser prototype system which operates in a four-wall Cave using the model-view-controller design pattern for organizing data, interactions, and visualizations. The system contains camera data, simulated information, topography, and user annotation layers. The researchers presented five cases that illustrate Adviser's applications and observed benefits. They account that their prototype has been appreciated by geologists because it developed their understanding on three-dimensional terrains and enhanced their spatial judgments.
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - INFORMATION visualization
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - GEOGRAPHICAL perception
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - PROTOTYPES
N1  - Accession Number: 21566979; Forsberg, Andrew 1; Email Address: asf@cs.brown.edu Haley, Graff; Email Address: ghaley@cs.brown.edu Bragdon, Andrew 2; Email Address: Andrew_Bragdon@brown.edu Levy, Joseph; Email Address: joseph_levy@brown.edu Fassett, Caleb I.; Email Address: Caleb_Fassett@brown.edu Shean, David; Email Address: David_Shean@brown.edu Head III, James W. 3; Email Address: James_Head@brown.edu Milkovich, sarah 4; Email Address: Sarah.M.Milkovich@jpl.nasa Duchaineau, Mark A. 5; Email Address: duchaine@llnl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Brown University  2: Research Assistant, Brown University  3: Scherck Distinguished Professor, Geological Sciences, Brown University  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  5: Computer Scientist, Lawrence Livermore National Lab; Source Info: Jul/Aug2006, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p46; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: INFORMATION visualization; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHICAL perception; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: SPACE perception; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 10 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wenze Yang
AU  - Dong Huang
AU  - Bin Tan
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne C.
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Analysis of Leaf Area Index and Fraction of PAR Absorbed by Vegetation Products From the Terra MODIS Sensor: 2000-2005.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul2006 Part 1
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1829
EP  - 1842
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The analysis of two years of Collection 3 and five years of Collection 4 Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) data sets is presented in this article with the goal of understanding product quality with respect to version (Collection 3 versus 4), algorithm (main versus backup), snow (snow-free versus snow on the ground), and cloud (cloud-free versus cloudy) conditions. Retrievals from the main radiative transfer algorithm increased from 55% in Collection 3 to 67% in Collection 4 due to algorithm refinements and improved inputs. Anomalously high LAI/FPAR values observed in Collection 3 product in some vegetation types were corrected in Collection 4. The problem of reflectance saturation and too few main algorithm retrievals in broadleaf forests persisted in Collection 4. The spurious seasonality in needleleaf LAI/FPAR fields was traced to fewer reliable input data and retrievals during the boreal winter period. About 97% of the snow covered pixels were processed by the backup Normalized Difference Vegetation Index-based algorithm. Similarly, a majority of retrievals under cloudy conditions were obtained from the backup algorithm. For these reasons, the users are advised to consult the quality flags accompanying the LAI and FPAR product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - VEGETATION mapping
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Evaluation and assessment
KW  - Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation
KW  - Leaf Area Index (LAI)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
N1  - Accession Number: 21579450; Wenze Yang 1; Email Address: ywze@crsa.bu.edu Dong Huang 1 Bin Tan 1 Stroeve, Julienne C. 2 Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1 Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA  2: National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA  3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Jul2006 Part 1, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1829; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: VEGETATION mapping; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaluation and assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf Area Index (LAI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.871214
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21579450&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wenze Yang
AU  - Bin Tan
AU  - Dong Huang
AU  - Rautiainen, Miina
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Privette, Jeffrey L.
AU  - Huemmrich, Karl Fred
AU  - Fensholt, Rasmus
AU  - Sandholt, Inge
AU  - Weiss, M.
AU  - Ahl, Douglas E.
AU  - Gower, Stith T.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - MODIS Leaf Area Index Products: From Validation to Algorithm Improvement.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul2006 Part 1
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1885
EP  - 1898
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Global products of vegetation green Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) are being operationally produced from Terra and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) at l-km resolution and eight-day frequency. This paper summarizes the experience of several collaborating investigators on validation of MODIS LAI products and demonstrates the close connection between product validation and algorithm refinement activities. The validation of moderate resolution LAI products includes three steps: 1) field sampling representative of LAI spatial distribution and dynamic range within each major land cover type at the validation site; 2) development of a transfer function between field LAI measurements and high resolution satellite data to generate a reference LAI map over an extended area; and 3) comparison of MODIS LAI with aggregated reference LAI map at patch (multipixel) scale in view of geo-location and pixel shift uncertainties. The MODIS LAI validation experiences, summarized here, suggest three key factors that influence the accuracy of LAI retrievals: I) uncertainties in input land cover data, 2) uncertainties in input surface reflectances, and 3) uncertainties from the model used to build the look-up tables accompanying the algorithm. This strategy of validation efforts guiding algorithm refinements has led to progressively more accurate LAI products from the MODIS sensors aboard NASA's Terra and Aqua platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MODEL validation
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - TRANSFER functions (Mathematics)
KW  - Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation
KW  - Leaf Area Index (LAI)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 21579455; Wenze Yang 1; Email Address: ywze@crsa.bu.edu Bin Tan 1 Dong Huang 1 Rautiainen, Miina 2 Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1 Wang, Y. 3 Privette, Jeffrey L. 4 Huemmrich, Karl Fred 3 Fensholt, Rasmus 5 Sandholt, Inge 5 Weiss, M. 6 Ahl, Douglas E. 7 Gower, Stith T. 7 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 8 Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA  2: Department of Forest Ecology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Fl-00014, Finland  3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Catonsville, MD 20771 USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  5: Institute of Geography, University of Copenhagen, &3x00F8;ster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Denmark  6: INRA-CSE/NOVELTIS, Avignon 84014, France  7: Department of Forest Ecology and Management, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA  8: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffeit Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Jul2006 Part 1, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1885; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MODEL validation; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: TRANSFER functions (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) absorbed by vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf Area Index (LAI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.871215
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21579455&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heinsch, Faith Ann
AU  - Maosheng Zhao
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Kimball, John S.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Davis, Kenneth J.
AU  - Bolstad, Paul V.
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - Desai, Ankur R.
AU  - Ricciuto, Daniel M.
AU  - Law, Beverly E.
AU  - Oechel, Walter C.
AU  - Hyojung Kwon
AU  - Hongyan Luo
AU  - Wofsy, Steven C.
AU  - Dunn, Allison L.
AU  - Munger, J. William
AU  - Baldocchi, Dennis D.
AU  - Liukang Xu
AU  - Hollinger, David Y.
T1  - Evaluation of Remote Sensing Based Terrestrial Productivity From MODIS Using Regional Tower Eddy Flux Network Observations.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul2006 Part 1
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1908
EP  - 1925
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor has provided near real-time estimates of gross primary production (GPP) since March 2000. We compare four years (2000 to 2003) of satellite-based calculations of GPP with tower eddy COs flux-based estimates across diverse land cover types and climate regimes. We examine the potential error contributions from meteorology, leaf area index (LAI)/fPAR, and land cover. The error between annual GPP computed from NASA's Data Assimilation Office's (DAO) and tower-based meteorology is 28 %, indicating that NASA's DAO global meteorology plays an important role in the accuracy of the GPP algorithm. Approximately 62% of MOD15-based estimates of LAI were within the estimates based on field optical measurements, although remaining values overestimated site values. Land cover presented the fewest errors, with most errors within the forest classes, reducing potential error. Tower-based and MODIS estimates of annual GPP compare favorably for most biomes, although MODIS GPP overestimates tower-based calculations by 20%–30%. Seasonally, summer estimates of MODIS GPP are closest to tower data, and spring estimates are the worst, most likely the result of the relatively rapid onset of leaf-out. The results of this study indicate, however, that the current MODIS GPP algorithm shows reasonable spatial patterns and temporal variability across a diverse range of biomes and climate regimes. So, while continued efforts are needed to isolate particular problems in specific biomes, we are optimistic about the general quality of these data, and continuation of the MOD17 GPP product will likely provide a key component of global terrestrial ecosystem analysis, providing continuous weekly measurements of global vegetation production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AmeriFlux
KW  - CO2 eddy covariance flux [net ecosystem exchange (NEE)]
KW  - gross primary production (GPP)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Terra
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 21579457; Heinsch, Faith Ann 1; Email Address: faithann@ntsg.umt.edu Maosheng Zhao 1 Running, Steven W. 1 Kimball, John S. 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 1,2 Davis, Kenneth J. 3 Bolstad, Paul V. 4 Cook, Bruce D. 4 Desai, Ankur R. 3 Ricciuto, Daniel M. 3 Law, Beverly E. 5 Oechel, Walter C. 6 Hyojung Kwon 6,7 Hongyan Luo 6 Wofsy, Steven C. 8 Dunn, Allison L. 8 Munger, J. William 8 Baldocchi, Dennis D. 9 Liukang Xu 9,10 Hollinger, David Y. 11; Affiliation:  1: University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812 USA  2: NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  3: Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16804 USA  4: University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108 USA  5: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA  6: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182 USA  7: University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA  8: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA  9: University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA  10: LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE 68504 USA  11: USDA Forest Service Northeast Research Station, Durham, NH 03824 USA; Source Info: Jul2006 Part 1, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p1908; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AmeriFlux; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 eddy covariance flux [net ecosystem exchange (NEE)]; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary production (GPP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 9 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2005.853936
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21579457&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhen Liu
AU  - Karam, Lina J.
AU  - Watson, Andrew B.
T1  - JPEG2000 Encoding With Perceptual Distortion Control.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1763
EP  - 1778
SN  - 10577149
AB  - In this paper, a new encoding approach is proposed to control the JPEG2000 encoding in order to reach a desired perceptual quality. The new method is based on a vision model that incorporates various masking effects of human visual perception and a perceptual distortion metric that takes spatial and spectral summation of individual quantization errors into account. Compared with the conventional rate-based distortion minimization JPEG2000 encoding, the new method provides a way to generate consistent quality images at a lower bit rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Image Processing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JPEG (Image coding standard)
KW  - ENCODING
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - IMAGING systems -- Image quality
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
KW  - SYMBOLISM
KW  - Distortion control
KW  - embedded coding
KW  - human visual system (HVS)
KW  - JPEG2000
KW  - perception
N1  - Accession Number: 25089687; Zhen Liu 1; Email Address: zhenl@qualcomm.com Karam, Lina J. 2; Email Address: karam@asu.edu Watson, Andrew B. 3; Email Address: abwatson@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Qualcomm, San Diego, CA 92121 USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p1763; Subject Term: JPEG (Image coding standard); Subject Term: ENCODING; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: IMAGING systems -- Image quality; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; Subject Term: SYMBOLISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distortion control; Author-Supplied Keyword: embedded coding; Author-Supplied Keyword: human visual system (HVS); Author-Supplied Keyword: JPEG2000; Author-Supplied Keyword: perception; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 10 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIP.2006.873460
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25089687&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin R.
AU  - Chang, Mindy H.
AU  - Knuth, Kevin H.
T1  - Gesture-Based Control and EMG Decomposition.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 514
SN  - 10946977
AB  - The article presents two probabilistic developments for the use with electromyograms (EMGs). Two experiments were conducted to examine the feasibility of interface technology. A Bayesian algorithm is presented to separate surface EMGs into representative motor unit action potentials, and in order to better distinguish between different fine motor skill muscle groups. Results are presented on both synthetic and experimental EMG data.
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - COMPUTER input-output equipment
KW  - INTERFACE circuits
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - Bayesian decomposition
KW  - electromyogram (EMG)
KW  - gesture recognition
KW  - hidden Markov model (HMM)
KW  - motor unit action potential (MUAP)
N1  - Accession Number: 21556103; Wheeler, Kevin R. 1,2; Email Address: kevinwheeler@ieee.org Chang, Mindy H. 3; Email Address: mindyc@stanford.edu Knuth, Kevin H. 4; Email Address: kknuth@albany.edu; Affiliation:  1: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  2: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA  3: Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA  4: Department of Physics, University at Albany (SUNY), Albany, NY 12222 USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p503; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: COMPUTER input-output equipment; Subject Term: INTERFACE circuits; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromyogram (EMG); Author-Supplied Keyword: gesture recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: hidden Markov model (HMM); Author-Supplied Keyword: motor unit action potential (MUAP); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2006.875418
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21556103&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, Marie-Hélène
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Berger, Pascal
T1  - Microstructure, hydrogen distribution and electrical properties of melt grown high temperature protonic conductors
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1103
EP  - 1111
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: A High Temperature Protonic Conductor has been produced using the melt growth process with the aim of reducing the grain-boundary blocking effect in proton conduction. The microstructure is characteristic of a cellular growth with cell dimension of 10– in width and in length. The cells have distinct core and shell regions. A composition gradient in bivalent to pentavalent cation ratio is observed from the core to the shell. The cores act as channels for hydrogen diffusion. Nano-scaled domains have been revealed inside the cells identified as domains of 1:1 order of the cations on the B sites and orientation variants in the oxygen octahedra tilting. Ion Beam Analyses using a Nuclear Microprobe reveal only a slight hydrolysis of the surface after heat treatment of 10h at in wet air. Protonic conductivity is discussed and improvements are suggested by optimizing the calcium to niobium ratio of the constituent elements and designing larger cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - MATERIALS at high temperatures
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - Cation ordering
KW  - Complex perovskite
KW  - Directional solidification
KW  - High temperature protonic conductors
KW  - Hydrogen distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 20646199; Berger, Marie-Hélène 1; Email Address: marie-helene.berger@ensmp.fr Sayir, Ali 2; Email Address: ali.sayir@grc.nasa.gov Berger, Pascal 3; Email Address: pascal.berger@cea.fr; Affiliation:  1: Centre des Matériaux, Ecole des Mines de Paris, Evry, France  2: NASA Glenn Research Center/CWRU, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Laboratoire Pierre Sue, CEA-CNRS, Saclay, France; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 31 Issue 8, p1103; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: MATERIALS at high temperatures; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cation ordering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Complex perovskite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directional solidification; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature protonic conductors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen distribution; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2005.11.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chabalko, Christopher C.
AU  - Zhongfu Ge
AU  - Hajj, Muhammad R.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Analysis Tools for the Detection of Intermittent Nonlinear Aeroelastic Phenomena.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1082
EP  - 1088
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The nonlinear coupling between the aerodynamic load and structural motions in the experiments conducted in the Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center on a flexible semispan model (FSM) of a high-speed civil transport wing configuration is examined. The results show that, right before "hard" flutter took place, the aerodynamic load and the structural motion of the FSM were intermittently and quadratically coupled. Particularly, the shock motion, which can be caused by local and intermittent flow separation, is nonlinearly related to the structural motion in such a manner that one full cycle of the shock motion is related to two cycles of the acceleration of the wing tip. Because of the required averaging in implementing them, Fourier-based higher-order spectral moments could not characterize this coupling. On the other hand, the wavelet-based cross bicoherence is established as a tool that is capable of detecting intermittent or transient nonlinear aeroelastic phenomena as would be encountered in model studies or flight tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MOTION
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Flight testing
N1  - Accession Number: 22180438; Chabalko, Christopher C. 1 Zhongfu Ge 1 Hajj, Muhammad R. 2 Silva, Walter A. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Research Assistant, Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061  2: Professor, Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061  3: Senior Research Scientist, Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Jul/Aug2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p1082; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MOTION; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Flight testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488190 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, K. S.
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa
AU  - Hunter, Craig A.
T1  - Numerical Investigation of Flow in an Overexpanded Nozzle with Porous Surfaces.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1217
EP  - 1225
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A new porous condition has been implemented in the PAB3D solver to simulate flow over porous surfaces. The newly added boundary condition is utilized to compute the flow field of a nonaxisymmetric, convergent-divergent nozzle incorporating porous cavities for shock-boundary layer interaction control. The nozzle has an expansion ratio (exit area/throat area) of 1.797 and a design nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 8.78. The flow fields for a baseline nozzle (no porosity) and for a nozzle with porous surfaces (10% porosity ratio) are computed for NPR varying from 2.01 to 9.54. Computational model results indicate that the overexpanded nozzle flow is dominated by shock-induced boundary-layer separation. Porous configurations are capable of controlling off-design separation in the nozzle by encouraging stable separation of the exhaust flow. Computational simulation results, wall centerline pressure, Mach contours, and thrust efficiency ratio are presented and discussed. Computed results are in excellent agreement with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - POROSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 22180454; Abdol-Hamid, K. S. 1 Elmiligui, Alaa 2,3 Hunter, Craig A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, MS 499, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Scientist, Analytical Services & Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginià 23666  3: Member AIAA; Source Info: Jul/Aug2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p1217; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: POROSITY; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Bragg, Michael B.
AU  - Addy Jr., Harold E.
T1  - Flowfield Measurements About an Airfoil with Leading-Edge Ice Shapes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/07//Jul/Aug2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1226
EP  - 1234
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Flowfield measurements were carried out on the upper surface of a GLC-305 airfoil configured with glaze and rime ice-shape simulations. The mean and root-mean-square fluctuation of the streamwise velocity were measured using a split-hot-film probe at several chordwise locations. These data were taken at three different angles of attack preceding stall for each iced-airfoil configuration at Reynolds numbers of 3.5 x 106 and 6.0 x 106 with Mach numbers of 0.12 and 0.21. The velocity measurements confirmed the presence of a large separation bubble downstream of the ice shapes. The separation bubbles for the glaze ice configuration were much larger than those for the rime ice case, resulting from the differences in the ice horn geometry. Other than the differences in size, the integral boundary-layer characteristics were very similar. Changes in Reynolds number did not significantly affect the separation bubble characteristics. However, a larger Mach number did result in a slightly larger separation bubble for the glaze ice case at α = 6 deg. The root-mean-square velocity distributions had peak values in the separated shear layer, downstream of transition, that compared well with previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPEED
KW  - MOTION
N1  - Accession Number: 22180455; Broeren, Andy P. 1,2 Bragg, Michael B. 3,4 Addy Jr., Harold E. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Department of Aerospace Engineering, 306 Talbot Laboratory, 104 South Wright Street, University of Illinois, Urbana--Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Professor and Head, Department of Aerospace Engineering, 306 Talbot Laboratory, 104 South Wright Street, University of Illinois, Urbana--Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  4: Fellow AIAA  5: Research Engineer, Icing Branch, Mail Stop 11-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  6: Member AIAA; Source Info: Jul/Aug2006, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p1226; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: MOTION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merceret, Francis J.
T1  - Rapid Temporal Changes of Boundary Layer Winds.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1016
EP  - 1020
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - The statistical distribution of the magnitude of the vector wind change over 0.25-, 0.5-, 1-, and 2-h periods based on central Florida data from November 1999 through August 2001 is presented. The distributions of the 2-h u and υ wind-component changes are also presented for comparison. The wind changes at altitudes from 500 to 3000 m were measured using the Eastern Range network of five 915-MHz Doppler radar wind profilers. Quality-controlled profiles were produced every 15 min for up to 60 gates, each representing 101 m in altitude over the range from 130 to 6089 m. Five levels, each constituting three consecutive gates, were selected for analysis because of their significance to aerodynamic loads during the space-shuttle-ascent roll maneuver. The distribution of the magnitude of the vector wind change is found to be lognormal, consistent with earlier work in the midtroposphere. The parameters of the distribution vary with time lag, season, and altitude. The component wind changes are symmetrically distributed, with near-zero means, but the kurtosis coefficient is larger than that of a Gaussian distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WINDS
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ALTITUDES
KW  - LOGNORMAL distribution
KW  - WINDS -- Measurement
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
N1  - Accession Number: 21655950; Merceret, Francis J. 1; Email Address: francis.j.merceret@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p1016; Subject Term: WINDS; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ALTITUDES; Subject Term: LOGNORMAL distribution; Subject Term: WINDS -- Measurement; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wonsick, Margaret M.
AU  - Pinker, Rachel T.
AU  - Wen Meng
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
T1  - Evaluation of Surface Shortwave Flux Estimates from GOES: Sensitivity to Sensor Calibration.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 23
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 927
EP  - 935
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Parameters derived from satellite observations depend on the quality of the calibration method applied to the raw satellite radiance measurements. This study investigates the sensitivity of absolute reflectance, derived cloud cover, and estimated surface shortwave (SW) downward fluxes to two different calibration methods for the visible sensor aboard the eighth Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-8). The first method was developed at NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), and the second at the NASA Langley Research Center. Differences in visible reflectance ranged from -0.5% to 3%. The average difference in monthly mean cloud amount was ∼3%, and the average difference in monthly mean shortwave downward flux was 5 W m-2. Differences in bias and rms of the SW fluxes when evaluated against ground station measurements were less than 3 W m-2. Neither calibration method was shown to consistently outperform the other. This evaluation yields an estimate of the errors in fluxes that can be attributed to calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPECTRAL reflectance
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 21785786; Wonsick, Margaret M. 1; Email Address: mwonsick@atmos.umd.edu Pinker, Rachel T. 1 Wen Meng 1 Nguyen, Louis 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  2: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 23 Issue 7, p927; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPECTRAL reflectance; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiujie Gao
AU  - Burton, Deborah
AU  - Turner, Travis L.
T1  - Finite Element Analysis of Adaptive-Stiffening and Shape-Control SMA Hybrid Composites.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
JF  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 128
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 285
EP  - 293
SN  - 00944289
AB  - Shape memory alloy (SMA) hybrid composites with adaptive-stiffening or morphing functions are simulated using finite element analysis. The composite structure is a laminated fiber-polymer composite beam with embedded SMA ribbons at various positions with respect to the neutral axis of the beam. Adaptive stiffening or morphing is activated via selective resistance heating of the SMA ribbons or uniform thermal loads on the beam. The thermomechanical behavior of these composites was simulated in ABAQUS using user-defined SMA elements. The examples demonstrate the usefulness of the methods for the design and simulation of SMA hybrid composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - COMPOSITE construction
KW  - ABA QUS
KW  - adaptive stiffening
KW  - constitutive modeling
KW  - deflection control
KW  - finite element analysis
KW  - morphing
KW  - Nitinol
KW  - post- buckling control
KW  - shape control
KW  - shape memory alloys
KW  - user element
N1  - Accession Number: 21788549; Xiujie Gao 1 Burton, Deborah 1 Turner, Travis L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department ot Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208  2: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 128 Issue 3, p285; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: COMPOSITE construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: ABA QUS; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive stiffening; Author-Supplied Keyword: constitutive modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: deflection control; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: morphing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitinol; Author-Supplied Keyword: post- buckling control; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape control; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: user element; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2203108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer
T1  - Focusing on feature-based differences in map comparison.
JO  - Journal of Geographical Systems
JF  - Journal of Geographical Systems
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 143
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14355930
AB  - Differences between two maps can be quantified using any cartometric summary; of these, feature-based statistics are potentially more relevant than pixel-based statistics. Distributions of feature areas and shape indices from the workshop maps were compared using a classic information theory index. To place differences in a significance context, uncertainty about cartometrics that arise from both the form of data model and mapping function are considered. Data model characteristics such as raster cell size, raster origin and attribute membership functions can generate variation without the existence of feature differences in the actual surfaces. Stochastic simulation can represent uncertainty due to the mapping function. An understanding of the end-to-end map generation process, absent in the workshop example, can help build a description of its space of uncertainty so that cartometric quantities can be meaningfully compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Geographical Systems is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAPS
KW  - CARTOMETRY
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - CARTOGRAPHIC materials
KW  - INFORMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 20907812; Dungan, Jennifer 1; Email Address: Jennifer.L.Dungan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: MS 242-4 NASA Ames Research Center , NASA , Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p131; Subject Term: MAPS; Subject Term: CARTOMETRY; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHIC materials; Subject Term: INFORMATION theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424920 Book, Periodical, and Newspaper Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10109-006-0019-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walsh, Brian M.
AU  - Grew, Gary W.
AU  - Barnes, Norman P.
T1  - Energy levels and intensity parameters of ions in Y3Al5O12 and Lu3Al5O12
JO  - Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids
JF  - Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 67
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1567
EP  - 1582
SN  - 00223697
AB  - Abstract: The energy levels of the trivalent lanthanide in Y3Al5O12 (YAG) and Lu3Al5O12 (LuAG) have been measured. The Stark split levels for the first nine Ho manifolds in these materials have been measured, and the results have been fit to a free ion plus crystal field Hamiltonian to generate a theoretical set of energy levels. Crystal field parameters were varied to determine the best fit between experimental and theoretical energy levels. The energy levels of Ho:LuAG are seen to be very similar to those in Ho:YAG. However, subtle changes resulting from replacing with in the garnet crystal Y3Al5O12 result in different transition wavelengths in LuAG. This has implications for Ho lasers operating at . Although the energy levels have been measured previously in Ho:YAG, they have not been measured in Ho:LuAG. A comparison of the energy levels in Ho:YAG measured here show some discrepancies with previous measurements. The consistency of the energy level placements between Ho:LuAG and Ho:YAG indicate that the earlier studies may have some errors in the assignments. Finally, a Judd–Ofelt analysis is performed on Ho:YAG and Ho:LuAG to determine the intensity parameters, and thus, the transition probabilities and branching ratios of the first eight excited manifolds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physics & Chemistry of Solids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - RARE earth metals
KW  - LASERS
KW  - LIGHT amplifiers
KW  - A. Optical materials
KW  - D. Crystal fields
KW  - D. Luminescence
N1  - Accession Number: 21578216; Walsh, Brian M.; Email Address: Brian.M.Walsh@nasa.gov Grew, Gary W. 1 Barnes, Norman P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 67 Issue 7, p1567; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: RARE earth metals; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: LIGHT amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Optical materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Crystal fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Luminescence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.01.123
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Lin, Bing
T1  - Optical characterization of metallic aerosols
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 100
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 372
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Airborne metallic particulates from industry and urban sources are highly conducting aerosols. The characterization of these pollutant particles is important for environment monitoring and protection. Because these metallic particulates are highly reflective, their effect on local weather or regional radiation budget may also need to be studied. In this work, light scattering characteristics of these metallic aerosols are studied using exact solutions on perfectly conducting spherical and cylindrical particles. It is found that for perfectly conducting spheres and cylinders, when scattering angle is larger than ∼90° the linear polarization degree of the scattered light is very close to zero. This light scattering characteristics of perfectly conducting particles is significantly different from that of other aerosols. When these perfectly conducting particles are immersed in an absorbing medium, this light scattering characteristics does not show significant change. Therefore, measuring the linear polarization of scattered lights at backward scattering angles can detect and distinguish metallic particulates from other aerosols. This result provides a great potential of metallic aerosol detection and monitoring for environmental protection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - Environmental protection
KW  - Light scattering
KW  - Metallic aerosol
N1  - Accession Number: 20262776; Sun, Wenbo 1,2; Email Address: w.sun@larc.nasa.gov Lin, Bing 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA  3: Atmospheric Sciences Research, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 100 Issue 1-3, p359; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metallic aerosol; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.075
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - You, Yu
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
T1  - Sensitivity of depolarized lidar signals to cloud and aerosol particle properties
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 100
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 482
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Measurements from depolarized lidars provide a promising method to retrieve both cloud and aerosol properties and a versatile complement to passive satellite-based sensors. For lidar observations of clouds and aerosols, multiple scattering plays an important role in the scattering process. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to investigate the sensitivity of lidar backscattering depolarization to cloud and aerosol properties. Lidar parameters are chosen to be similar to those of the upcoming space-based CALIPSO lidar. Cases are considered that consist of a single cloud or aerosol layer, as well as a case in which cirrus clouds overlay different types of aerosols. It is demonstrated that besides thermodynamic cloud phase, the depolarized lidar signal may provide additional information on ice or aerosol particle shapes. However, our results show little sensitivity to ice or aerosol particle sizes. Additionally, for the case of multiple but overlapping layers involving both clouds and aerosols, the depolarized lidar contains information that can help identify the particle properties of each layer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Depolarization
KW  - Particle shape
KW  - Space-borne lidar
N1  - Accession Number: 20262786; You, Yu 1 Kattawar, George W. 1 Yang, Ping 2 Hu, Yong X. 3 Baum, Bryan A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 100 Issue 1-3, p470; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Depolarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space-borne lidar; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.058
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
AU  - Humphreys, William M.
T1  - A deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources (DAMAS) determined from phased microphone arrays
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 294
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 856
EP  - 879
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Current processing of acoustic array data is burdened with considerable uncertainty. This study reports an original methodology that serves to demystify array results, reduce misinterpretation, and accurately quantify position and strength of acoustic sources. Traditional array results represent noise sources that are convolved with array beamform response functions, which depend on array geometry, size (with respect to source position and distributions), and frequency. The Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources (DAMAS) method removes beamforming characteristics from output presentations. A unique linear system of equations accounts for reciprocal influence at different locations over the array survey region. It makes no assumption beyond the traditional processing assumption of statistically independent noise sources. A new robust iterative method seamlessly introduces a positivity constraint (due to source independence) that makes the equation system sufficiently deterministic. DAMAS is quantitatively validated using archival data from a variety of prior high-lift airframe component noise studies, including flap edge/cove, trailing edge, leading edge, slat, and calibration sources. Presentations are explicit and straightforward, as the noise radiated from a region of interest is determined by simply summing the mean-squared values over that region. DAMAS can fully replace existing array processing and presentations methodology in most applications. It appears to dramatically increase the value of arrays to the field of experimental acoustics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LINEAR systems
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - arrays
N1  - Accession Number: 20901219; Brooks, Thomas F.; Email Address: t.f.brooks@larc.nasa.gov Humphreys, William M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 294 Issue 4/5, p856; Subject Term: LINEAR systems; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: arrays; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.12.046
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pastor, José Y.
AU  - LLorca, Javier
AU  - Poza, Pedro
AU  - Quispe, José J.
AU  - de Arellano López, A. R.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, Julián
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Orera, Victor M.
T1  - High-Temperature Tensile Strength of Er2O3-Doped ZrO2 Single Crystals.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 89
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2140
EP  - 2146
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The deformation and fracture mechanisms in tension were studied in single-crystal Er2O3-doped ZrO2 monofilaments processed by the laser-heated floating zone method. Tensile tests were carried out between 25° and 1400°C at different loading rates and the dominant deformation and fracture mechanisms were determined from the shape of the stress–strain curves, the morphology of the fracture surfaces, and the evidence provided by monofilaments deformed at high temperature and broken at ambient temperature. The tensile strength presented a minimum at 600°–800°C and it was controlled by the slow growth of a crack from the surface. This mechanism was also dominant in some monofilaments tested at 1000°C and above, while others showed extensive plastic deformation before fracture at these temperatures. The strength of plastically deformed monofilaments was significantly higher than those which failed by slow crack growth due to the marked strain hardening capacity of this material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ERBIUM
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - HIGH temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 21274488; Pastor, José Y. 1 LLorca, Javier 1; Email Address: jllorca@mater.upm.es Poza, Pedro 2 Quispe, José J. 3 de Arellano López, A. R. 3 Martínez-Fernández, Julián 3 Sayir, Ali 4 Orera, Victor M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science, Polytechnic University of Madrid, E. T. S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, 28040 Madrid, Spain  2: Departamento de Ciencia e Ingeniería de los Materiales, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Technología C/Tulipán, s/n 28993 Móstoles, Spain  3: Department of Physics of Condensed Matter, University of Seville, 41080 Seville, Spain  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135-3191  5: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, C.S.I.C.-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 89 Issue 7, p2140; Subject Term: ERBIUM; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.00995.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KANG, JIN HO
AU  - PARK, CHEOL
AU  - GAIK, STEVEN J.
AU  - LOWTHER, SHARON E.
AU  - HARRISON, JOYCELYN S.
T1  - THE EFFECT OF SINGLE WALL CARBON NANOTUBES ON THE DIPOLE ORIENTATION AND PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF POLYMERIC NANOCOMPOSITES.
JO  - NANO
JF  - NANO
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 85
SN  - 17932920
AB  - Recently, a series of single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) polyimide nanocomposites were developed since the demand of electroactive polymeric materials as sensors and actuators for use in high temperature applications has been growing. Adding SWNTs into electroactive polyimides enhanced their electrostrictive strain as well as their mechanical integrities and chemical stability. Although an increase in piezoelectricity resulting from the incorporation of SWNTs could be expected, there has been no systematic study detailing the effect of SWNTs on piezoelectricity. In this article, the effects of various types and concentrations of SWNT on the dipole orientation and piezoelectricity were investigated using a thermally stimulated current (TSC) technique and a modified Rheovibron. It was found that the barely modified SWNTs led to a more substantial increase in the remanent polarization (Pr) than the highly modified SWNTs did. As the loading level of SWNTs increased, Pr increased. However, excessive loading of SWNTs showed a reduction in Pr since the actual poling field decreased due to a large leakage of current. The trend of the piezoelectric strain coefficient, d31, was consistent with that of Pr. The increase in interfacial polarization caused by adding SWNT was believed to be primarily responsible for the increase of Pr and d31. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of NANO is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ELECTRICITY
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - dipole orientation
KW  - interfacial polarization
KW  - Piezoelectricity
KW  - single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)
KW  - thermally stimulated current (TSC)
N1  - Accession Number: 25071776; KANG, JIN HO 1; Email Address: j.h.kang@larc.nasa.gov PARK, CHEOL 1; Email Address: c.park@larc.nasa.gov GAIK, STEVEN J. 2; Email Address: sjg212@psu.edu LOWTHER, SHARON E. 3; Email Address: s.e.lowther@larc.nasa.gov HARRISON, JOYCELYN S. 3; Email Address: j.s.harrison@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, MS 226, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  3: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ELECTRICITY; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: dipole orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: interfacial polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoelectricity; Author-Supplied Keyword: single wall carbon nanotube (SWNT); Author-Supplied Keyword: thermally stimulated current (TSC); NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Georgiadis, Nicholas J.
AU  - DeBonis, James R.
T1  - Navier–Stokes analysis methods for turbulent jet flows with application to aircraft exhaust nozzles
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 418
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: This article presents the current status of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods as applied to the simulation of turbulent jet flowfields issuing from aircraft engine exhaust nozzles. For many years, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) methods have been used routinely to calculate such flows, including very complex nozzle configurations. RANS methods replace all turbulent fluid dynamic effects with a turbulence model. Such turbulence models have limitations for jets with significant three-dimensionality, compressibility, and high temperature streams. In contrast to the RANS approach, direct numerical simulation (DNS) methods calculate the entire turbulent energy spectrum by resolving all turbulent motion down to the Kolmogorov scale. Although this avoids the limitations associated with turbulence modeling, DNS methods will remain computationally impractical in the foreseeable future for all but the simplest configurations. Large-Eddy simulation (LES) methods, which directly calculate the large-scale turbulent structures and reserve modeling only for the smallest scales, have been pursued in recent years and may offer the best prospects for improving the fidelity of turbulent jet flow simulations. A related approach is the group of hybrid RANS/LES methods, where RANS is used to model the small-scale turbulence in wall boundary layers and LES is utilized in regions dominated by the large-scale jet mixing. The advantages, limitations, and applicability of each approach are discussed and recommendations for further research are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - Jet
KW  - LES
KW  - Nozzle
KW  - RANS
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 24610939; Georgiadis, Nicholas J.; Email Address: Georgiadis@nasa.gov DeBonis, James R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 42 Issue 5/6, p377; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet; Author-Supplied Keyword: LES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nozzle; Author-Supplied Keyword: RANS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2006.12.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alford, J. M.
AU  - Mason, G. R.
AU  - Feikema, D. A.
T1  - Free fall plasma-arc reactor for synthesis of carbon nanotubes in microgravity.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 77
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 074101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - High temperatures inside the plasma of a carbon arc generate strong buoyancy driven convection which has an effect on the growth and morphology of the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). To study the effect of buoyancy on the arc process, a miniature carbon arc apparatus was designed and developed to synthesize SWNTs in a microgravity environment substantially free from buoyant convective flows. An arc reactor was operated in the 2.2 and 5.18 s drop towers at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The apparatus employed a 4 mm diameter anode and was powered by a portable battery pack capable of providing in excess of 300 A at 30 V to the arc for the duration of a 5 s drop. However, the principal result is that no dramatic difference in sample yield or composition was noted between normal gravity and 2.2 and 5 s long microgravity runs. Much longer duration microgravity time is required for SWNT’s growth such as the zero-G aircraft, but more likely will need to be performed on the international space station or an orbiting spacecraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
N1  - Accession Number: 21863481; Alford, J. M. 1; Email Address: jma@tda.com Mason, G. R. 1; Email Address: gmason@tda.com Feikema, D. A. 2; Email Address: douglas.feikema@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: TDA Research, Inc., 12345 W. 52nd Avenue, Wheat Ridge, Colorado 80228  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 77 Issue 7, p074101; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2209972
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dass, Amala
AU  - Mulik, Sudir
AU  - Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia
AU  - Leventis, Nicholas
T1  - Protection of 2-(3-thienyl)ethanol with 3-thienylacetic acid and hard cross-linked conducting films by electropolymerization of the ester
JO  - Synthetic Metals
JF  - Synthetic Metals
Y1  - 2006/07//
VL  - 156
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 966
EP  - 972
SN  - 03796779
AB  - Abstract: The ester (compound 1) of 2-(3-thienyl)ethanol (T-etOH) with 3-thienylacetic acid was synthesized as a monomer whose two thiophene groups could be electropolymerized independently, becoming members of different polymer chains in a highly cross-linked highly insoluble polymer. Indeed, 1 was electropolymerized successfully alone and together with 3-methylthiophene (3MeT). Films of poly(1) are hard (3H, as opposed to <6B for poly(3MeT)), and the close proximity of the polymeric strands creates π-stacking interactions. The behavior of 1 suggests that by: (a) limiting the potential used for the oxidation of monomeric esters of T-etOH at the foot of their oxidation waves (<1.8V versus Ag/AgCl) and (b) compensating for the decrease in the electrogenerated radical concentration by increasing the monomer concentration, practically all esters of T-etOH should be electropolymerizable. This was confirmed by durable film formation from the archetypical ester of T-etOH, the 2-(3-thienyl)ethyl acetate (T-etOAc), whose homoelectropolymerization is reported for the first time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Synthetic Metals is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALCOHOL
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - 2-(3-Thienyl)ethanol
KW  - Cross-linked
KW  - Electropolymerization
KW  - Ester
N1  - Accession Number: 22132964; Dass, Amala 1 Mulik, Sudir 1 Sotiriou-Leventis, Chariklia 1; Email Address: cslevent@umr.edu Leventis, Nicholas 2; Email Address: Nicholas.Leventis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, United States  2: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 49-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 156 Issue 14/15, p966; Subject Term: ALCOHOL; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2-(3-Thienyl)ethanol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cross-linked; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electropolymerization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ester; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.synthmet.2006.06.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rector, Tony J.
AU  - Garland, Jay L.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
T1  - Dispersion characteristics of a rotating hollow fiber membrane bioreactor: Effects of module packing density and rotational frequency
JO  - Journal of Membrane Science
JF  - Journal of Membrane Science
Y1  - 2006/07/05/
VL  - 278
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 150
SN  - 03767388
AB  - Abstract: The coupling of biological reactor with membrane dissolution processes has gained increasing attention in the wastewater treatment community because of their effective delivery of gaseous products and high treatment efficiencies. Turbulent flow may be an important factor for optimizing performance of these systems, both by reducing plug-flow conditions and associated axial gradients within the reactor and increasing mass transfer across the biofilm attached to membrane fibers. While turbulence is typically enhanced via increased flow velocity, rotation of the membranes themselves is an alternative mechanism for increasing turbulence that might eliminate problems associated with high flow (e.g., increased shear, mal-distribution of fluid flow). The effects of variable rotational frequencies (0, 5, 10 and 20rpm) and membrane module packing densities (62, 82, 92%) on residence time distributions (RTD) curves of a bromide tracer were investigated to assess the potential for membrane rotation as a means of increasing turbulence. The resulting RTD curves were compared to a dispersive plug-flow model to determine the Peclet numbers (Pe) and subsequent axial dispersion coefficients. These finding indicated that increased dispersion is observed with increasing rotational frequency, with the effects of module packing density on dispersion characteristics decreasing with increased rotation. This study demonstrated that module rotation can cause turbulent flow prompting enhanced dispersion and allowing for low operational flow rates and reduction of mass transfer constraints associated with membrane bioreactors (MBR). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Membrane Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOREACTORS
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - MEMBRANE reactors
KW  - Dispersion
KW  - Hollow fiber contactor
KW  - Mass transfer
KW  - Membrane bioreactor
KW  - Mixing
N1  - Accession Number: 20962084; Rector, Tony J. 1; Email Address: tony.rector@hs.utc.com Garland, Jay L. 2 Starr, Stanley O. 3; Affiliation:  1: Hamilton Sundstrand Space Land and Sea International, Department of Advanced Technologies, 1 Hamilton RD, 1A-2-W66, Windsor Locks, CT 06096, United States  2: Dynamac Corporation, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 278 Issue 1/2, p144; Subject Term: BIOREACTORS; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MEMBRANE reactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dispersion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hollow fiber contactor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Membrane bioreactor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koswatta, Siyuranga O.
AU  - Hasan, Sayed
AU  - Lundstrom, Mark S.
AU  - Anantram, M. P.
AU  - Nikonov, Dmitri E.
T1  - Ballisticity of nanotube field-effect transistors: Role of phonon energy and gate bias.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/07/10/
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 023125
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We investigate the role of electron-phonon scattering and gate bias in degrading the drive current of nanotube field-effect transistors (FETs). Optical phonon scattering significantly decreases the drive current only when gate voltage is higher than a well-defined threshold. For comparable electron-phonon coupling, a lower phonon energy leads to a larger degradation of drive current. Thus in semiconductor nanowire FETs, the drive current will be more sensitive than in carbon nanotube FETs because of the smaller phonon energies in semiconductors. Acoustic phonons and other elastic scattering mechanisms are most detrimental to nanotube FETs irrespective of biasing conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - PHONONS
KW  - ELECTRON-phonon interactions
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductors
KW  - GREEN'S functions
N1  - Accession Number: 21695312; Koswatta, Siyuranga O. 1 Hasan, Sayed 1 Lundstrom, Mark S. 1 Anantram, M. P. 2 Nikonov, Dmitri E. 3; Email Address: dmitri.e.nikonov@intel.com; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1285  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Technology and Manufacturing Group, Intel Corp., SC1-05, Santa Clara, California 95052; Source Info: 7/10/2006, Vol. 89 Issue 2, p023125; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: PHONONS; Subject Term: ELECTRON-phonon interactions; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2218322
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou, Bing
AU  - Lin, Yi
AU  - Hill, Darron E.
AU  - Wang, Wei
AU  - Veca, L. Monica
AU  - Qu, Liangwei
AU  - Pathak, Pankaj
AU  - Meziani, Mohammed J.
AU  - Diaz, Julian
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Watson, Kent A.
AU  - Allard, Lawrence F.
AU  - Sun, Ya-Ping
T1  - Polymeric nanocomposite films from functionalized vs suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2006/07/12/
VL  - 47
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 5323
EP  - 5329
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: The reported work was to demonstrate that the defect-derived photoluminescence in functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes could be exploited in probing the dispersion of these nanotubes in polymeric nanocomposites because the luminescence emissions are sensitive to the degree of nanotube bundling and surface modification. The polyimide–SWNT nanocomposite thin films obtained from nanotubes with and without functionalization were compared. The spectroscopic results suggest that despite a similar visual appearance in the two kinds of films, the nanotube dispersion must be significantly better in the film with functionalized nanotubes, as reflected by the strong photoluminescence. In fact, the nanotubes embedded in polymer matrix that can be readily characterized by Raman spectroscopy are non-luminescent, while those that are difficult for Raman are strongly luminescent. Therefore, Raman and photoluminescence serve as complementary tools in the investigation of nanocomposites concerning the nanotube dispersion-related properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Nanocomposites
KW  - Photoluminescence
N1  - Accession Number: 21576962; Zhou, Bing 1 Lin, Yi 1 Hill, Darron E. 1 Wang, Wei 1 Veca, L. Monica 1 Qu, Liangwei 1 Pathak, Pankaj 1 Meziani, Mohammed J. 1 Diaz, Julian 1 Connell, John W. 2 Watson, Kent A. 3 Allard, Lawrence F. 4 Sun, Ya-Ping 1; Email Address: syaping@clemson.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666-6147, USA  4: High Temperature Materials Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6062, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 47 Issue 15, p5323; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoluminescence; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.055
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Zhong, Zhimin
T1  - Combustion synthesis of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−x  and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−x  nanopowders for solid oxide fuel cell cathodes
JO  - Journal of Power Sources
JF  - Journal of Power Sources
Y1  - 2006/07/14/
VL  - 158
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 148
EP  - 153
SN  - 03787753
AB  - Abstract: Nanopowders of Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−x  (SSC) and La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−x  (LSC) compositions, which are being investigated as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), were synthesized by a solution–combustion method using metal nitrates and glycine as fuel. Development of crystalline phases in the as-synthesized powders after heat treatments at various temperatures was monitored by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Perovskite phase in LSC formed more readily than in SSC. Single-phase perovskites were obtained after heat treatment of the combustion synthesized LSC and SSC powders at 1000 and 1200°C, respectively. The as-synthesized powders had an average particle size of ∼12nm as determined from X-ray line broadening analysis using the Scherrer equation. Average grain size of the powders increased with increase in calcination temperature. Morphological analysis of the powders calcined at various temperatures was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID oxide fuel cells
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - Cathodes
KW  - Nanopowder
KW  - Powder processing
KW  - Solid oxide fuel cells
N1  - Accession Number: 21188651; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: Narottam.P.Bansal@nasa.gov Zhong, Zhimin 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: QSS Group Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center Group, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 158 Issue 1, p148; Subject Term: SOLID oxide fuel cells; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cathodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanopowder; Author-Supplied Keyword: Powder processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid oxide fuel cells; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.09.057
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kilic, B.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Influence of adhesive spew in bonded single-lap joints
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2006/07/15/
VL  - 73
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1472
EP  - 1490
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Abstract: Adhesively bonded lap joints involve dissimilar material junctions and sharp changes in geometry, possibly leading to premature failure. Although the finite element method is well suited to model the bonded lap joints, traditional finite elements are incapable of correctly resolving the stress state at junctions of dissimilar materials because of the unbounded nature of the stresses. In order to facilitate the use of bonded lap joints in future structures, this study presents a finite element technique utilizing a global (special) element coupled with traditional elements. The global element includes the singular behavior at the junction of dissimilar materials with or without traction-free surfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Adhesive
KW  - Bonded
KW  - Energy release rate
KW  - Single lap joint
N1  - Accession Number: 20889491; Kilic, B. 1; Email Address: bkilic@email.arizona.edu Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Ambur, D.R. 2; Email Address: Damodar.R.Ambur@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 73 Issue 11, p1472; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bonded; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy release rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single lap joint; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.12.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakunov, M. I.
AU  - Maslov, A. V.
AU  - Bodrov, S. B.
T1  - Below-band-gap excitation of a terahertz surface plasmon-polariton.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/07/15/
VL  - 100
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 026106
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We analyze the excitation of a surface plasmon-polariton at terahertz frequencies by an optical pulse with tilted intensity front incident on a semiconductor surface. We show that one can achieve an order of magnitude increase in the generated terahertz power by using an optical pulse with frequencies below the band gap compared to the above-band-gap excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA frequencies
KW  - PLASMA waves
KW  - PLASMONS (Physics)
KW  - ELECTRIC waves
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS -- Plasma effects
KW  - SOLID state electronics
N1  - Accession Number: 21845630; Bakunov, M. I. 1,2; Email Address: bakunov@rf.unn.ru Maslov, A. V. 3 Bodrov, S. B. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia  2: Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia  3: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 7/15/2006, Vol. 100 Issue 2, p026106; Subject Term: PLASMA frequencies; Subject Term: PLASMA waves; Subject Term: PLASMONS (Physics); Subject Term: ELECTRIC waves; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS -- Plasma effects; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2218028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murthy  S. Gudipati
AU  - Louis  J. Allamandola
T1  - Double Ionization of Quaterrylene (C40H20) in Water-Ice at 20 K with Ly(121.6 nm) Radiation.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2006/07/20/
VL  - 110
IS  - 28
M3  - Article
SP  - 9020
EP  - 9024
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules undergo facile ionization in cryogenic water-ices resulting in near quantitative conversions of neutral molecules to the corresponding singly charged radical cations. Here we report, for the first time, the production and stabilization of a doubly ionized, closed shell PAH in water-ice. The large PAH quaterrylene (QTR, C40H20) is readily photoionized and stabilized as QTR2in a water-ice matrix at 20 K. The kinetic analysis of photolysis shows that the QTR2is formed at the expense of QTR, not directly from QTR. The long-axis polarized S1−S0(11B3u← 11Ag) transition for QTR2falls at 1.59 eV (782 nm). TD-DFT calculations at the B3LYP level predict that this transition falls at 1.85 eV (670 nm) for free gas-phase QTR2, within the 0.3 eV uncertainty associated with these calculations. This red shift of 0.26 eV is quite similar to the 0.24 eV red shift between the TD-DFT computational prediction for the lowest energy transition for QTR(1.68 eV) and its value in a water matrix (1.44 eV). These results suggest that multiple photoionization of such large PAHs in water-ice can be an efficient process in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
N1  - Accession Number: 21811658; Murthy  S. Gudipati 1 Louis  J. Allamandola 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Institute for PhysicalSciences and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 110 Issue 28, p9020; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, K.-B.
AU  - Ding, Y.
AU  - Pelz, J. P.
AU  - Neudeck, P. G.
AU  - Trunek, A. J.
T1  - Valence band structure and band offset of 3C- and 4H-SiC studied by ballistic hole emission microscopy.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/07/24/
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 042103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - p-type Schottky barriers in Pt/3C-SiC contacts have been measured using ballistic hole emission microscopy (BHEM) and estimated to be ∼0.06 eV higher than identically prepared Pt/p-type 4H-SiC contacts. This indicates the 3C-SiC valence band maximum (VBM) is ∼0.06 eV below the 4H-SiC VBM, consistent with the calculated ∼0.05 eV type-II valence band offset between these polytypes. We also observe no evidence of an additional VBM in 3C-SiC, which supports the proposal that the second VBM observed in BHEM spectra on 4H-SiC is a crystal-field split VBM located ∼110 meV below the highest VBM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCHOTTKY-barrier diodes
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - CRYSTAL field theory
KW  - COMPLEX compounds
KW  - OPTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21871681; Park, K.-B. 1 Ding, Y. 1 Pelz, J. P. 1; Email Address: pelz.2@osu.edu Neudeck, P. G. 2 Trunek, A. J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 77-1, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 7/24/2006, Vol. 89 Issue 4, p042103; Subject Term: SCHOTTKY-barrier diodes; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: CRYSTAL field theory; Subject Term: COMPLEX compounds; Subject Term: OPTICS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2218302
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Capadona, Lynn A.
AU  - Meador, Mary Ann B.
AU  - Alunni, Antonella
AU  - Fabrizio, Eve F.
AU  - Vassilaras, Plousia
AU  - Leventis, Nicholas
T1  - Flexible, low-density polymer crosslinked silica aerogels
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2006/07/26/
VL  - 47
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5754
EP  - 5761
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Polymerization of a di-isocyanate with the amine-modified surface of a sol–gel derived mesoporous silica network crosslinks the nanoparticles of the silica skeleton, and reinforces the otherwise fragile framework. Systematically adjusting the processing variables affecting density produce aerogels whose macroscopic properties could be controlled, and are attributed to changing nanoscale morphology. Aerogels crosslinked using the smallest amount of silica studied exhibit as much as a 40-fold increase in strength over the corresponding non-crosslinked framework, and are flexible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIZATION
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - AMINES
KW  - POLYMER networks
KW  - CROSSLINKED polymers
KW  - Di-isocyanates
KW  - Mesoporous
KW  - Polymer crosslinked aerogels
N1  - Accession Number: 21576917; Capadona, Lynn A. 1 Meador, Mary Ann B.; Email Address: maryann.meador@nasa.gov Alunni, Antonella Fabrizio, Eve F. Vassilaras, Plousia Leventis, Nicholas; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 47 Issue 16, p5754; Subject Term: POLYMERIZATION; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: AMINES; Subject Term: POLYMER networks; Subject Term: CROSSLINKED polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Di-isocyanates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesoporous; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer crosslinked aerogels; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.073
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clancy, Thomas C.
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
T1  - Modeling of interfacial modification effects on thermal conductivity of carbon nanotube composites
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2006/07/26/
VL  - 47
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5990
EP  - 5996
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: The effect of functionalization of carbon nanotubes on the thermal conductivity of nanocomposites has been studied using a multi-scale modeling approach. These results predict that grafting linear hydrocarbon chains to the surface of a single wall carbon nanotube with covalent chemical bonds should result in a significant increase in the thermal conductivity of these nanocomposites. This is due to the decrease in the interfacial thermal (Kapitza) resistance between the single wall carbon nanotube and the surrounding polymer matrix upon chemical functionalization. The nanocomposites studied here consist of single wall carbon nanotubes in a bulk poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) matrix. The nanotubes are functionalized by end-grafting linear hydrocarbon chains of varying length to the surface of the nanotube. The effect which this functionalization has on the interfacial thermal resistance is studied by molecular dynamics simulation. Interfacial thermal resistance values are calculated for a range of chemical grafting densities and with several chain lengths. These results are subsequently used in an analytical model to predict the resulting effect on the bulk thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMAL conductivity measurement
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - CHEMICAL structure
KW  - Nanocomposite
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 21576943; Clancy, Thomas C. 1; Email Address: tclancy@nianet.org Gates, Thomas S. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, MS 188E, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2006, Vol. 47 Issue 16, p5990; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity measurement; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: CHEMICAL structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Tokano, Tetsuya
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Neubauer, Fritz M.
AU  - Atreya, Sushil K.
AU  - Ferri, Francesca
AU  - Fulchignoni, Marcello
AU  - Niemann, Hasso B.
T1  - Methane drizzle on Titan.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/07/27/
VL  - 442
IS  - 7101
M3  - Letter
SP  - 432
EP  - 435
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Saturn's moon Titan shows landscapes with fluvial features suggestive of hydrology based on liquid methane. Recent efforts in understanding Titan's methane hydrological cycle have focused on occasional cloud outbursts near the south pole or cloud streaks at southern mid-latitudes and the mechanisms of their formation. It is not known, however, if the clouds produce rain or if there are also non-convective clouds, as predicted by several models. Here we show that the in situ data on the methane concentration and temperature profile in Titan's troposphere point to the presence of layered optically thin stratiform clouds. The data indicate an upper methane ice cloud and a lower, barely visible, liquid methane-nitrogen cloud, with a gap in between. The lower, liquid, cloud produces drizzle that reaches the surface. These non-convective methane clouds are quasi-permanent features supported by the global atmospheric circulation, indicating that methane precipitation occurs wherever there is slow upward motion. This drizzle is a persistent component of Titan's methane hydrological cycle and, by wetting the surface on a global scale, plays an active role in the surface geology of Titan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 21703232; Tokano, Tetsuya 1 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Neubauer, Fritz M. 1 Atreya, Sushil K. 3 Ferri, Francesca 4 Fulchignoni, Marcello 5,6 Niemann, Hasso B. 7; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Geophysik und Meteorologie, Universität zu Köln, Albertus-Magnus-Platz, 50923 Köln, Germany  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-30, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA  4: CISAS “G. Colombo”, Università di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  5: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France  6: Universite´ Denis Diderot-Paris 7, UFR de Physique, 2 Place Jussieu, 75006 Paris, France  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 915, Greenbelt, Maryland 20742, USA; Source Info: 7/27/2006, Vol. 442 Issue 7101, p432; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature04948
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - Nonlinear Reduced Order Random Response Analysis of Structures with Shallow Curvature.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1767
EP  - 1778
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The goal of this investigation is to, further develop nonlinear modal numerical simulation methods for application to geometrically nonlinear response of structures with shallow curvature under random loadings. For reduced order analysis, the modal basis selection must be capable of reflecting the coupling in both the linear and nonlinear stiffness. For the symmetric shallow arch under consideration, four categories of modal basis functions are defined. Modal bases having symmetric transverse displacements and modal bases having anti-symmetric transverse displacements may each be either transverse dominated or in-plane dominated. The response of an aluminum arch under a uniformly distributed transverse random loading is investigated. Results from nonlinear modal simulations made using various modal bases are compared with those obtained from a numerical simulation in physical degrees-of-freedom. While inclusion of transverse dominated modes having a symmetric transverse displacement is important for all response regimes, it is found that the in-plane dominated modes having a symmetric transverse displacement become increasingly important in the nonlinear response regime. In the autoparametric response regime, the inclusion of both transverse and in-plane dominated modes, each with an anti-symmetric transverse displacement distribution, is found to be critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYTIC geometry
KW  - COORDINATES
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - EIGENVECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 21997450; Przekop, Adam 1,2 Rizzi, Stephen A. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p1767; Subject Term: ANALYTIC geometry; Subject Term: COORDINATES; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: EIGENVECTORS; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 25 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.18868
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dudek, Julianne C.
T1  - Empirical Model for Vane-Type Vortex Generators in a Navier-Stokes Code.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1779
EP  - 1789
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An empirical model which simulates the effects of vane-type vortex generators in ducts was incorporated into the Wind-US Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code. The model enables the effects of the vortex generators to be simulated without defining the details of the geometry within the grid, and makes it practical for researchers to evaluate multiple combinations of vortex generator arrangements. The model determines the strength of each vortex based on the generator geometry and the local flow conditions, Validation results are presented for three duct geometries containing vortex generators: a straight pipe, a transitioning S-duct diffuser, and a circular S-duct diffuser. The computations made using the vortex generator model are compared with computations made using gridded vanes as well as with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - DIFFUSERS (Fluid dynamics) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21997451; Dudek, Julianne C. 1,2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brookpark, Ohio 44135  2: Aerospace Engineer, Inlet Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 86-7  3: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p1779; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: DIFFUSERS (Fluid dynamics) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.20141
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cabell, Randolph H.
AU  - Kegerise, Michael A.
AU  - Cox, David E.
AU  - Gibbs, Gary P.
T1  - Experimental Feedback Control of Flow-Induced Cavity Tones.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1807
EP  - 1815
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Discrete-time, linear quadratic methods were used to design feedback controllers for reducing tones generated by flow over a cavity. The dynamics of a synthetic-jet actuator mounted at the leading edge of the cavity as observed by two microphones in the cavity were modeled over a broad frequency range using state space models computed from experimental data. Variations in closed loop performance as a function of model order, control order, control bandwidth, and state estimator design were studied using a cavity in the Probe Calibration Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center. The controller successfully reduced the levels of multiple cavity tones at the tested flow speeds of Mach 0.275, 0.35, and 0.45. In some cases, the closed limp results were limited by excitation of sidebands of the cavity tones, or the creation of new tones at frequencies away from the cavity tones. The models were not able to account for nonlinear dynamics, such as interactions between tones at different frequencies. Nonetheless, the results validate the combination of optimal control and experimentally generated state space models for the cavity tone problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUADRATIC equations
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - SOUND pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 21997454; Cabell, Randolph H. 1,2; Email Address: randolph.h.cabell@nasa.gov Kegerise, Michael A. 1,3; Email Address: michael.a.kegerise@nasa.gov Cox, David E. 1,4; Email Address: david.e.cox@nasa.gov Gibbs, Gary P. 1,2; Email Address: gary.p.gibbs@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton. Virginia 23681  2: Research Scientist, Structural Acoustics Branch, Mail Stop 463  3: Research Scientist, Flow Physics and Control Branch, Mail Stop 170  4: Research Scientist, Guidance and Control Branch, Mail Stop_170;; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p1807; Subject Term: QUADRATIC equations; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.19608
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21997454&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koch, D.
AU  - Borucki, W.
AU  - Basri, G.
AU  - Brown, T.
AU  - Caldwell, D.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Cochran, W.
AU  - Dunham, E.
AU  - Gautier, T. N.
AU  - Geary, J.
AU  - Gilliland, R.
AU  - Jenkins, J.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Latham, D.
AU  - Lissauer, J.
AU  - Monet, D.
T1  - The Kepler Mission: Astrophysics and Eclipsing Binaries.
JO  - Astrophysics & Space Science
JF  - Astrophysics & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 304
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 391
EP  - 395
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0004640X
AB  - The Kepler Mission is a photometric space mission that will continuously observe a single 100 square degree field of view (FOV) of the sky of more than 100,000 stars in the Cygnus-Lyra region for four or more years with a precision of 14 parts per million (ppm) for a 6.5 hour integration including shot noise for a twelfth magnitude star. The primary goal of the mission is to detect Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of solar-like stars. In the process, many eclipsing binaries (EB) will also be detected. Prior to launch, the stellar characteristics will have been determined for all the stars in the FOV with K<14.5. As part of the verification process, stars with transits (about 5%) will need to have follow-up radial velocity observations performed to determine the component masses and thereby separate grazing eclipses caused by stellar companions from transits caused by planets. The result will be a rich database on EBs. The community will have access to the archive for uses such as for EB modeling of the high-precision light curves. A guest observer program is also planned for objects not already on the target list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysics & Space Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - MULTIPLE stars
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - Eclipsing binaries
KW  - Extra-solar planets
KW  - Planet detection
KW  - Precision photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 23217971; Koch, D. 1 Borucki, W. 1 Basri, G. 2 Brown, T. 3 Caldwell, D. 4 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 5 Cochran, W. 6 Dunham, E. 7 Gautier, T. N. 8 Geary, J. 9 Gilliland, R. 10 Jenkins, J. 4 Kondo, Y. 11 Latham, D. 9 Lissauer, J. 1 Monet, D. 12; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  2: Univ. California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720.  3: High Altitude Observatory, Boulder, CO 80307.  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043.  5: Aarhus University, Denmark.  6: Univ. Texas, Austin, Austin, TX 78712.  7: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001.  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109.  9: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138.  10: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218.  11: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.  12: US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86002.; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 304 Issue 1-4, p391; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: MULTIPLE stars; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eclipsing binaries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extra-solar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planet detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precision photometry; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10509-006-9149-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Biennier, Ludovic
AU  - Benidar, Abdessamad
AU  - Salama, Farid
T1  - Flow dynamics of a pulsed planar expansion
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 326
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 457
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: Plasma expansion sources are popular in molecular spectroscopy and in astrochemistry because they generate cold radicals and ions in detectable amounts. The dynamics of a planar flow generated by a pulsed discharge slit nozzle (PDN) have been numerically investigated for a variety of carrier gases seeded with various molecular species. The determination of the bulk flow characteristics is key to a comprehensive modeling of the plasma that is produced in PDN sources. It is found that the flow is established and stabilized within 75 and 25μs when Ar and He are used as carrier gases, respectively. The residence time in the inter-electrode active region is found to be considerably shorter with He than with Ar gas carrier. The detection signal observed upon injection of astrochemical species such as polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in moderate amounts in the carrier gas exhibits a non linear relation with the initial PAH concentration in the reservoir which is governed by the temperature. The local temperature along the flow axis can be predicted from the initial conditions using the isentropic equation. However, the local pressure and density behavior diverge significantly from an isentropic flow. Finally, implications for the characteristics of the plasma expansion are discussed to help design future laboratory simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - IONS
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - Computational flow dynamics
KW  - Molecular spectroscopy
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - Pulsed discharge nozzles
KW  - Pulsed planar expansions
N1  - Accession Number: 21577537; Biennier, Ludovic 1; Email Address: ludovic.biennier@univ-rennes1.fr Benidar, Abdessamad 1 Salama, Farid 2; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Physique des Atomes, Lasers, Molécules et Surfaces, Université Rennes 1, Rennes, France  2: Space Science Division – NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, 94035-1000 CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 326 Issue 2/3, p445; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: IONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational flow dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulsed discharge nozzles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulsed planar expansions; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2006.03.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salas, Manuel D.
T1  - Some observations on grid convergence
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 688
EP  - 692
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: It is claimed that current practices in grid convergence studies, particularly in the field of external aerodynamics, are flawed. The necessary conditions to properly establish grid convergence are presented. A theoretical model and a numerical example are used to demonstrate these ideas. It is shown that anomalously low or high observed convergence rates can be exhibited by otherwise well-behaved algorithms because of improper use of grid refinement ratios in different directions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21262621; Salas, Manuel D. 1; Email Address: m.d.salas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 499, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 35 Issue 7, p688; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.01.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reddy, D.R.
AU  - Zaman, K.B.M.Q.
T1  - Computational study of effect of tabs on a jet in a cross flow
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 712
EP  - 723
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: A three-dimensional viscous flow analysis is performed using a time-marching Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes code for the case of a jet in a cross flow with a delta tab placed on the windward side of the jet to inhibit mixing for film cooling applications. The flow configuration which was previously studied experimentally, involved a jet discharging normally from the floor of the wind tunnel test section into the cross flow with a momentum ratio (jet/cross-flow) of 36. The computed results are compared with the experimental data which include streamwise velocity and vorticity distributions at various axial locations downstream of the jet. The computational results show reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21262624; Reddy, D.R. Zaman, K.B.M.Q. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 35 Issue 7, p712; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.01.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reddy, D.R.
AU  - Sree, D.
T1  - Computational study of flow in a rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC) engine inlet
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 724
EP  - 732
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: A two-dimensional axisymmetric viscous flow analysis of a rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC) engine inlet is performed using a time-marching numerical scheme to solve the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. The flow configuration is a subscale model of the engine inlet which was previously tested in the 1X1 supersonic wind tunnel at NASA Glenn Research Center. The computed results are compared with the experimental data which include static pressure profiles along the centerbody and the cowl surface of the inlet. The computational results show a reasonably good agreement with the experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 21262625; Reddy, D.R. 1 Sree, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Tuskege University, Tuskege, AL 36088, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 35 Issue 7, p724; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.01.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conway, Greg
T1  - STAT3-dependent pathfinding and control of axonal branching and target selection
JO  - Developmental Biology
JF  - Developmental Biology
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 296
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 136
SN  - 00121606
AB  - Abstract: Signal transducers and transcription factors are used in common for developmental cell migration, vasculogenesis, branching morphogenesis, as well as neuronal pathfinding. STAT3, a transcription factor, has been shown to function in all of these processes except neuronal pathfinding. Here, it is shown that STAT3 also facilitates this process. Elimination of STAT3 signaling results in half of zebrafish CaP motoneurons stalling along their ventral pathfinding trajectory. Conversely, constitutive activation leads to precocious branching and redefines CaP axons as a responding population to dorsal guidance cues, resulting in bifurcated axons innervating normal ventral targets as well as additional dorsal muscle groups. These results are consistent with and highlight a fundamental role for STAT3 as a factor promoting cellular responses to guidance cues, not only in nonneural cells but also in pathfinding neurons. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Developmental Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - ZEBRA danio
KW  - NEURONS
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION
KW  - Motoneuron
KW  - Pathfinding
KW  - STAT3
KW  - Transcription factor
KW  - Zebrafish
N1  - Accession Number: 21600320; Conway, Greg 1; Email Address: gconway@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Life Sciences Division, MS239-11, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 296 Issue 1, p119; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: ZEBRA danio; Subject Term: NEURONS; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motoneuron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathfinding; Author-Supplied Keyword: STAT3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transcription factor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zebrafish; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.04.444
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21600320&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tedesco, Marco
AU  - Kim, Edward J.
T1  - Retrieval of Dry-Snow Parameters From Microwave Radiometric Data Using a Dense-Medium Model and Genetic Algorithms.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2143
EP  - 2151
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A numerical technique based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is used to invert the equations of an electromagnetic model based on dense-medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT) to retrieve snow depth, mean grain size, and fractional volume from microwave brightness temperatures. In order to study the sensitivity of the GA to its parameters, the technique is initially tested on simulated microwave data with and without adding a random noise. A configuration of GA parameters is selected and used for the retrieval of snow parameters from both ground-based observations and brightness temperatures recorded by the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (AMSR-E). Retrieved snow parameters are then compared with those measured on ground. Although more investigation is required, results suggest that the proposed technique is able to retrieve snow parameters with good accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Dense-medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT)
KW  - genetic algorithms (GAs)
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - snow
N1  - Accession Number: 21938430; Tedesco, Marco 1; Email Address: mtedesco@umbc.edu Kim, Edward J. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Science Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  3: Laboratory For Hydrospheric and Biospheric Processes, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p2143; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dense-medium radiative transfer theory (DMRT); Author-Supplied Keyword: genetic algorithms (GAs); Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872087
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21938430&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feng Gao
AU  - Masek, Jeff
AU  - Schwaller, Matt
AU  - Hall, Forrest
T1  - On the Blending of the Landsat and MODIS Surface Reflectance: Predicting Daily Landsat Surface Reflectance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2207
EP  - 2218
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The 16-day revisit cycle of Landsat has long limited its use for studying global biophysical processes, which evolve rapidly during the growing season. In cloudy areas of the Earth, the problem is compounded, and researchers are fortunate to get two to three clear images per year. At the same time, the coarse resolution of sensors such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) limits the sensors' ability to quantify biophysical processes in heterogeneous landscapes. In this paper, the authors present a new spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model (STARFM) algorithm to blend Landsat and MODIS surface reflectance. Using this approach, high-frequency temporal information from MODIS and high-resolution spatial information from Landsat can be blended for applications that require high resolution in both time and space. The MODIS daily 500-m surface reflectance and the 16-day repeat cycle Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 30-m surface reflectance are used to produce a synthetic ‘daily’ surface reflectance product at ETM+ spatial resolution. The authors present results both with simulated (model) data and actual Landsat/MODIS acquisitions. In general, the STARFM accurately predicts surface reflectance at an effective resolution close to that of the ETM+. However, the performance depends on the characteristic patch size of the landscape and degrades somewhat when used on extremely heterogeneous fine-grained landscapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - Data fusion
KW  - image enhancement
KW  - image processing
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - surface reflectance
N1  - Accession Number: 21938436; Feng Gao 1; Email Address: Feng.Gao@nasa.gov Masek, Jeff 2 Schwaller, Matt 2 Hall, Forrest 2; Affiliation:  1: Earth Resources Technology Inc., Jessup, MD 20794 USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p2207; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: image enhancement; Author-Supplied Keyword: image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface reflectance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.872081
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21938436&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salvatori, Giorgia
AU  - Suh, K. I.
AU  - Ansari, R. R.
AU  - Rovati, Luigi
T1  - Instrumentation and Calibration Protocol for a Continuous Wave Near Infrared Hemoximeter.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1368
EP  - 1376
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Quantification of hemoglobin content in vivo using continuous wave (CW) near infrared spectroscopy requires an accurate calibration of the measuring system. The authors introduce a recently developed instrument and focus their attention on the calibration issue, proposing a calibration procedure specifically designed for their system, but which can be easily generalized for other CW near-infrared systems. In the paper, the most important calibration procedures and the results obtained are discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - STANDARDIZATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - Attenuation measurements
KW  - biomedical measurements
KW  - calibration
KW  - scattering
KW  - spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 21643511; Salvatori, Giorgia 1; Email Address: salvatori.giorgia@unimore.it Suh, K. I. 2; Email Address: Kwang.I.Suh@grc.nasa.gov Ansari, R. R. 3; Email Address: Rafat.R.Ansari@grc.nasa.gov Rovati, Luigi 1; Email Address: rovati.luigi@unimore.it; Affiliation:  1: Department of Information Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA  3: Vision Research Laboratory, NASA—Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p1368; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: STANDARDIZATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attenuation measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomedical measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2006.877722
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21643511&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warner, Jeffrey H.
AU  - Messenger, Scott R.
AU  - Walters, Robert J.
AU  - Summers, Geoffrey P.
AU  - Lorentzen, Justin R.
AU  - Wilt, David M.
AU  - Smith, Mark A.
T1  - Correlation of Electron Radiation Induced-Damage in GaAs Solar Cells.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2006/08//Aug2006 Part 1 Of 2
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1988
EP  - 1994
SN  - 00189499
AB  - GaAs solar cells with different structures and polarities were irradiated with 1 and 5 MeV electrons. The energy dependence of the electron damage coefficients for the photocurrent, photovoltage, and maximum power were found to vary approximately linearly with NIEL in contrast to what has been found for other GaAs cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - IONS
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Damage correlation
KW  - displacement damage
KW  - electron displacement damage
KW  - GaAs solar cells
KW  - nonionizing energy loss (NIEL)
KW  - radiation damage
N1  - Accession Number: 22324675; Warner, Jeffrey H. 1,2; Email Address: Jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil Messenger, Scott R. 2; Email Address: Jeffrey.warner@nrl.navy.mil Walters, Robert J. 1; Email Address: rwalters@ccs.nrl.navy.mil Summers, Geoffrey P. 1,3; Email Address: gsummers@ccf.nrl.navy.mil Lorentzen, Justin R. 4; Email Address: jlorentz@estd.nrl.navy.mil Wilt, David M. 5; Email Address: david.wilt@grc.nasa.gov Smith, Mark A. 6; Email Address: Mark.A.Smith@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375 USA  2: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA  3: Physics Department, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21253 USA  4: SFA, Inc., Largo, MD 20774 USA  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  6: OAI, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA; Source Info: Aug2006 Part 1 Of 2, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p1988; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: displacement damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: electron displacement damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: GaAs solar cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonionizing energy loss (NIEL); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation damage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2006.877877
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22324675&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kreuzinger, Johannes
AU  - Friedrich, Rainer
AU  - Gatski, Thomas B.
T1  - Compressibility effects in the solenoidal dissipation rate equation: A priori assessment and modeling
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 696
EP  - 706
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - Abstract: Several attempts have been made in the literature to improve the ability of statistical models to predict turbulent compressible flows. As yet, it is not possible to accurately predict both free and wall-bounded flows with the same model under a variety of conditions. One drawback in these attempts has been the lack of sufficiently reliable data with which to assess the various terms arising in the compressible turbulent transport equations. In this study, the exact terms of the solenoidal dissipation rate equation are calculated for the first time in both a compressible channel flow and a turbulent mixing layer. This data is then used to assess both the exact and modeled form of this equation. In its exact form, terms explicitly dependent on dilatation fluctuations and density and viscosity gradients appear. In addition, the terms that are also present in the incompressible equation now may vary differently under increased compressibility conditions. This latter effect can be either an indirect one, that is compressibility modifies mean quantities and Reynolds stresses, or a direct one, that is the processes in the solenoidal dissipation rate equation are themselves modified by compressibility. In order to separate the indirect and direct effects, it is assumed that the processes in the solenoidal dissipation rate equation are properly described by the available incompressible functional forms. The model coefficients are then determined by a priori tests. Direct effects appear if the coefficients depend on compressibility. These effects have then to be modeled additionally. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - HYDROSTATICS
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - Compressibility effects
KW  - Direct numerical simulation
KW  - Modeling the baroclinic term
KW  - Solenoidal dissipation rate equation
N1  - Accession Number: 21576589; Kreuzinger, Johannes 1 Friedrich, Rainer 1; Email Address: r.friedrich@lrz.tum.de Gatski, Thomas B. 2; Email Address: t.b.gatski@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Fachgebiet Strömungsmechanik, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany  2: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p696; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: HYDROSTATICS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressibility effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Direct numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling the baroclinic term; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solenoidal dissipation rate equation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2006.02.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hasanyan, Davresh J.
AU  - Librescu, Liviu
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - Buckling and postbuckling of magnetoelastic flat plates carrying an electric current
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 43
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4971
EP  - 4996
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: The basic equations of a fully nonlinear theory of electromagnetically conducting flat plates carrying an electric current and exposed to a magnetic field of arbitrary orientation are derived. The relevant equations have been obtained by considering that both the elastic and electromagnetic media are homogeneous and isotropic. The geometrical nonlinearities are considered in the von-Kármán sense, and the soft ferromagnetic material of the plate is assumed to feature negligible hysteretic losses. Based on the electromagnetic and elastokinetic field equations, by using the standard averaging methods, the 3-D coupled problem is reduced to an equivalent 2-D one, appropriate to the theory of plates. Having in view that the elastic structures carrying an electric current are prone to buckling, by using the presently developed theory, the associated problems of buckling and postbuckling are investigated. In this context, the problem of the electrical current inducing the buckling instability of the plate, and its influence on the postbuckling behavior are analyzed. In the same context, the problem of the natural frequency–electrical current interaction of flat plates, as influenced by a magnetic field is also addressed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - Buckling and postbuckling
KW  - Electrical current
KW  - Frequency–electrical current interaction
KW  - Magnetoelastic plates
KW  - Snap-through
N1  - Accession Number: 21190385; Hasanyan, Davresh J. 1; Email Address: dhasanya@vt.edu Librescu, Liviu 1; Email Address: librescu@vt.edu Ambur, Damodar R. 2; Email Address: d.r.ambur@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0219, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 43 Issue 16, p4971; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling and postbuckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency–electrical current interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetoelastic plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snap-through; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.04.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lu, Yijiang
AU  - Partridge, Christina
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Li, Jing
T1  - A carbon nanotube sensor array for sensitive gas discrimination using principal component analysis
JO  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 593
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 110
SN  - 15726657
AB  - Abstract: A carbon nanotube based gas sensor array was developed for discriminating gases and vapors. The sensor array was composed of 32 sensing elements with nanomaterials, e.g. pristine single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), and SWNTs with different metal dopants and polymer coatings. This sensor array was exposed to NO2, HCN, HCl, Cl2, acetone and benzene in parts per million (ppm) concentration levels. The array data was normalized and autoscaled for eliminating concentration and background noise, and ignoring outliers. The post processed array data was then subjected to a principal component analysis, a pattern recognition technique, for gas and vapor discrimination. All tested gases and vapors can be discriminated by their chemical nature in the low gas/vapor concentration at ppm levels using this carbon nanotube based sensor array. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - FINISHES & finishing
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - Gas discrimination
KW  - Gas sensor array
KW  - Pattern recognition
KW  - Signal processing
N1  - Accession Number: 21578089; Lu, Yijiang 1 Partridge, Christina 1 Meyyappan, M. 1 Li, Jing; Email Address: jingli@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 593 Issue 1/2, p105; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: FINISHES & finishing; Subject Term: COATING processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas discrimination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas sensor array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pattern recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238390 Other Building Finishing Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.03.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Condon, Gregory W.
AU  - Landesman, Miriam F.
AU  - Calasanz-Kaiser, Agnes
T1  - What's on Your Radar Screen?
JO  - Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School
JF  - Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 6
EP  - 12
SN  - 10720839
AB  - Features an air traffic control exploration drawn from Smart Skies FlyBy Math, a series of five Standards-based distance-rate-time investigations introduced for middle school students by the Airspace Systems Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  Use of multiple representations to guide a class of sixth-grade students; Observations on how the students performed the experiment; Mathematics methods offered by FlyBy Math.
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Communication systems
KW  - MIDDLE school students
KW  - MATHEMATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 21837969; Condon, Gregory W. 1; Email Address: gcondon@mail.arc.nasa.gov Landesman, Miriam F.; Email Address: mlandesman@comcast.net Calasanz-Kaiser, Agnes 2; Email Address: akaiser@mvwsd.k12.ca.us; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: Crittenden Middle School, Mountain View, California; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p6; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Communication systems; Subject Term: MIDDLE school students; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marshall, Kenneth L.
AU  - Adelsberger, Kathleen
AU  - Myhre, Graham
AU  - Griffin, DeVon W.
T1  - The LCPDI: A Compact and Robust Phase-Shifting Point-Diffraction Interferometer Based on Dye-Doped LC Technology.
JO  - Molecular Crystals & Liquid Crystals
JF  - Molecular Crystals & Liquid Crystals
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 454
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 45
SN  - 15421406
AB  - Point-diffraction interferometers, by design, are much less sensitive to environmental disturbances than dual-path interferometers, but, until very recently, have not been capable of phase shifting. The liquid crystal point diffraction interferometer (LCPDI) utilizes a dye-doped, liquid crystal (LC), electro-optical device that functions as both the point-diffraction source and the phase-shifting element, yielding a phase-shifting diagnostic device that is significantly more compact and robust while also using fewer optical elements than conventional dual-path interferometers. These attributes make the LCPDI of special interest for diagnostic applications in the scientific, commercial, military, and industrial sectors, where vibration insensitivity, power requirements, size, weight, and cost are critical issues. Until very recently, LCPDI devices have used a plastic microsphere embedded in the LC fluid layer as the point-diffraction source. The process for fabricating microsphere-based LCPDI devices is low-yield, labor-intensive, very “hands-on,” and great care and skill are required to produce devices with adequate interference fringe contrast for diagnostic measurements. With the goal in mind of evolving the LCPDI beyond the level of a laboratory prototype, we have developed “second-generation” LCPDI devices in which the reference diffracting elements are an integral part of the substrates by depositing a suitable optical material (vapor-deposited thin films or photoresist) directly on the substrate surface. These “structured” substrates eliminate many of the assembly difficulties and performance limitations of previous LCPDI devices as well as open the possibility of mass-producing LCPDI devices at low cost by the same processes used to manufacture commercial LC displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Crystals & Liquid Crystals is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - LIQUID crystals
KW  - ELECTROOPTICAL devices
KW  - PHOTORESISTS
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - interferometry
KW  - liquid crystal
KW  - phase-shifting
KW  - photoresist
KW  - point diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 22107532; Marshall, Kenneth L. 1; Email Address: kmar@lle.rochester.edu Adelsberger, Kathleen 1 Myhre, Graham 1 Griffin, DeVon W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Microgravity Fluid Physics Branch, Brookpark, Ohio, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 454 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: LIQUID crystals; Subject Term: ELECTROOPTICAL devices; Subject Term: PHOTORESISTS; Subject Term: OPTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: liquid crystal; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase-shifting; Author-Supplied Keyword: photoresist; Author-Supplied Keyword: point diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15421400600654116
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cambon, Claude
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Anisotropic developments for homogeneous shear flows.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 085106
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The general decomposition of the spectral correlation tensor Rij(k) by Cambon et al. [J. Fluid Mech. 202, 295 (1989); 337, 303 (1997)] into directional and polarization components is applied to the representation of Rij(k) by spherically averaged quantities. The decomposition splits the deviatoric part Hij(k) of the spherical average of Rij(k) into directional and polarization components Hij(e)(k) and Hij(z)(k). A self-consistent representation of the spectral tensor is constructed in terms of these spherically averaged quantities. The directional and polarization components must be treated independently: representation of the spectral tensor using the spherical average Hij(k) alone proves to be inconsistent with Navier-Stokes dynamics. In particular, a spectral tensor consistent with a prescribed Reynolds stress is not unique. Since spherical averaging entails a loss of information, the description of an anisotropic correlation tensor by spherical averages is limited to weak departures from isotropy. The degree of anisotropy permitted is restricted by realizability requirements. More general descriptions can be given using a higher-order expansion of the spectral tensor. Directionality is described by a conventional expansion in spherical harmonics, but polarization requires an expansion in special tensorial quantities generated by irreducible representations of the rotation group SO3. These expansions are considered in more detail in the special case of axial symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VECTOR analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 22257086; Cambon, Claude 1 Rubinstein, Robert 2; Affiliation:  1: LMFA, UMR 5509, École Centrale de Lyon, 69134 Ecully Cedex, France  2: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 18 Issue 8, p085106; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VECTOR analysis; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2265012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Jie
AU  - Wu, X. L.
AU  - Rashidnia, Nasser
T1  - Thermal radiation and thickness fluctuations in freely suspended liquid films.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 18
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 085110
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Thermal convection in a vertically suspended soap film subjected to a vertical temperature gradient is marked by intense density fluctuations δρ2, uncommon to laboratory Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC). Such large fluctuations result from stratification in the film under the influence of gravity. Herein we present the first direct measurement of two-dimensional density fluctuations in a free-standing soap film using a single-point infrared detector. The radiation densitometer is nonintrusive and responds instantaneously to local density variations. Measurements of the power spectrum Γ(f) of δρ2 are carried out using a variety of sample geometries of the aspect ratio of unity. In all cases, Γ(f) scales with the frequency as f-1.4±0.1 in the low frequency regime, which is in good agreement with the Bolgiano’s theoretical prediction for a stably stratified fluid. Combining thermal imaging and particle tracking, we also show that it is feasible to measure the full-field density flux j(x,y)=ρ2(x,y)v(x,y) in the film. Despite that individual snapshots of j(x,y) appear random, the time-averaged flux forms a close loop similar to the large-scale circulation commonly seen in RBC, when a sufficiently large temperature gradient is present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - LIQUID films
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - RAYLEIGH-Benard convection
KW  - DENSITOMETERS
N1  - Accession Number: 22257057; Zhang, Jie 1 Wu, X. L. 1 Rashidnia, Nasser 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260  2: National Center for Microgravity Research at NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 18 Issue 8, p085110; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: LIQUID films; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH-Benard convection; Subject Term: DENSITOMETERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2337997
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Sang-Young
AU  - Seywald, Hans
AU  - Krizan, Shawn A.
AU  - Stillwagen, Frederic H.
T1  - Mission design for Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) using a magnetoplasma spacecraft
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 737
EP  - 749
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: To send humans beyond Mars, a Human Outer Planet Exploration (HOPE) mission has been studied for new spacecraft concepts and technologies. In this paper, an interplanetary trajectory and a preliminary spacecraft design are presented for the HOPE visit to Callisto, one of Jupiter''s moons. To design a round-trip trajectory for the mission, the characteristics of the spacecraft and its trajectories are analyzed. A detailed optimization approach is formulated to utilize a Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR) engine with capabilities of variable specific impulse, variable engine efficiency, and engine on–off control. It is mainly illustrated that a 30MW powered spacecraft can make the mission possible in a 5-year round trip constraint around the year 2045. Trajectories with different power and reactor options are also discussed. The results obtained in this study can be used for formulating an overall concept for the mission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Human outer planet exploration
KW  - Interplanetary trajectory
KW  - Mission design
KW  - Trajectory optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 21576900; Park, Sang-Young 1; Email Address: spark@galaxy.yonsei.ac.kr Seywald, Hans 2 Krizan, Shawn A. 2 Stillwagen, Frederic H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120 749, Republic of Korea  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., 303 Butler Farm Road, Suite 104A, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Mail Stop 328, VA 23681 2199, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p737; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human outer planet exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary trajectory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trajectory optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sturrock, P. A.
AU  - Scargle, J. D.
T1  - Power-Spectrum Analysis of Super-Kamiokande Solar Neutrino Data, Taking into Account Asymmetry in the Error Estimates.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2006/08//
VL  - 237
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
AB  - The purpose of this article is to carry out a power-spectrum analysis of the Super-Kamiokande five-day dataset that takes account of the asymmetry in the error estimates. Whereas for symmetrical error estimates the likelihood analysis involves a linear optimization procedure, for asymmetrical error estimates it involves a nonlinear optimization procedure. For most frequencies there is little difference between the power spectra derived from analyses of symmetrized error estimates and from asymmetrical error estimates, but this is not the case for the principal peak in the power spectrum at 9.43 yr −1. A likelihood analysis that takes account of the error asymmetry leads to a peak with power 13.24 at that frequency, and a Monte Carlo analysis shows that there is a chance of only 0.1% of finding a peak this big or bigger in the search band 1 – 36 yr −1. From this perspective, power-spectrum analysis that takes account of asymmetry of the error estimates gives evidence for variability that is significant at the 99.9% level. We comment briefly on an apparent discrepancy between power-spectrum analyses of the Super-Kamiokande and SNO solar neutrino experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - POWER (Mechanics)
KW  - POWER spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 21936975; Sturrock, P. A. 1; Email Address: sturrock@stanford.edu Scargle, J. D. 2; Email Address: jeffrey@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, Varian 302, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060 U.S.A.  2: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 237 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: POWER (Mechanics); Subject Term: POWER spectra; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-006-0143-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folk, Charles L.
AU  - Remington, Roger
T1  - Top-down modulation of preattentive processing: Testing the recovery account of contingent capture.
JO  - Visual Cognition
JF  - Visual Cognition
Y1  - 2006/08//Aug-Dec2006
VL  - 14
IS  - 4-8
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 465
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 13506285
AB  - One highly controversial issue with respect to preattentive processing concerns the degree to which the preattentive detection of “singletons” elicits an involuntary shift of spatial attention (i.e., attentional capture) that is immune from top-down modulation. According to the “pure-capture” perspective, preattentive processing drives the allocation of spatial attention in a purely bottom-up manner, in order of relative salience. According to the “contingent-capture” perspective, preattentive processing can produce attentional capture, but such capture is contingent on whether the eliciting stimulus carries a feature property consistent with the current attentional set. Pure-capture proponents have recently argued that the evidence for contingencies in attentional capture actually reflects the rapid disengagement and recovery from capture. Two spatial cueing experiments tested the rapid recovery by measuring (1) compatibility effects associated with irrelevant distractors and (2) inhibition of return to irrelevant distractors. These two measures provide converging evidence against the rapid recovery account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Visual Cognition is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - APPERCEPTION
KW  - THOUGHT & thinking
N1  - Accession Number: 21460179; Folk, Charles L. 1; Email Address: charles.folk@villanova.edu Remington, Roger 1; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, Villanova University NASA, Villanova, PA, USA; Source Info: Aug-Dec2006, Vol. 14 Issue 4-8, p445; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: APPERCEPTION; Subject Term: THOUGHT & thinking; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13506280500193545
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chenyu  Wei
T1  - Radius and Chirality Dependent Conformation of Polymer Molecule at Nanotube Interface.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2006/08/09/
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1627
EP  - 1631
SN  - 15306984
AB  - Temperature-dependent conformations of linear polymer molecules adsorbed at carbon nanotube (CNT) interfaces are investigated through molecule dynamics simulations. Model polyethylene (PE) molecules are shown to have selective conformations on the CNT surface, controlled by atomic structures of the CNT lattice and geometric coiling energy. PE molecules form entropy driven assembly domains, and their preferred wrapping angles around large radius CNT (40, 40) reflect the molecule configurations with energy minimums on a graphite plane. While PE molecules prefer 0° wrapping on small radius armchair CNT (5, 5) predominantly at low temperatures, their configurations are shifted to larger wrapping angle ones on a similar radius zigzag CNT (10, 0). A nematic transformation around 280 K is identified through the Landau−de Gennes theory, with molecule aligning along tube axis in extended conformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) -- Chirality
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - POLYETHYLENE
N1  - Accession Number: 22094911; Chenyu  Wei 1; Affiliation:  1: MS 229-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 6 Issue 8, p1627; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) -- Chirality; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xue, Chenchen
AU  - Meador, Mary Ann B.
AU  - Zhu, Lei
AU  - Ge, Jason J.
AU  - Cheng, Stephen Z.D.
AU  - Putthanarat, Sirina
AU  - Eby, R.K.
AU  - Khalfan, Ameesh
AU  - Bennett, George D.
AU  - Greenbaum, Steve G.
T1  - Morphology of PI–PEO block copolymers for lithium batteries
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2006/08/09/
VL  - 47
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 6149
EP  - 6155
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Polyimide (PI)–polyethylene oxide (PEO) block copolymers have a wide variety of applications in microelectronics, since PI–PEO films exhibit a high degree of thermal and chemical stability. The polymers consist of short, rigid rod T-shaped PI segments, alternating with flexible, PEO coil segments. The highly incompatible PI rods and PEO coils should phase-separate, especially in the presence of lithium ions used as electrolytes for lithium polymer batteries. The rigid rod phase provides a high degree of dimensional stability. In this paper, we provide evidence by DSC that the self-assembled ordered structure of the PI–PEO molecules is formed from concentrated solution rather than the bulk state. Tapping mode AFM and X-ray diffraction are applied to observe the nanodomains in the phase separation of the PI and PEO before and after doping with lithium ions. In addition, we report evidence of the ion transport primary mechanism, in the amorphous phase of the lithium salt-doped PI–PEO block copolymers'' multinuclear NMR linewidth, spin-lattice relaxation time, and pulsed field gradient diffusion measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLOCK copolymers
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - MICROELECTRONICS
KW  - COPOLYMERS
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - Lithium batteries
KW  - Morphology
KW  - Solid polymer electrolytes
N1  - Accession Number: 21741117; Xue, Chenchen 1 Meador, Mary Ann B. 2; Email Address: maryann.meador@nasa.gov Zhu, Lei 3 Ge, Jason J. 1 Cheng, Stephen Z.D. 1 Putthanarat, Sirina 4 Eby, R.K. 1; Email Address: reby@uakron.edu Khalfan, Ameesh 5 Bennett, George D. 5 Greenbaum, Steve G. 5; Affiliation:  1: Maurice Morton Institute of Polymer Science, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials Division, Mail Stop 49-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA  4: University of Dayton, UDRI 300, College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA  5: Physics Department, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY 10021, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 47 Issue 17, p6149; Subject Term: BLOCK copolymers; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: MICROELECTRONICS; Subject Term: COPOLYMERS; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lithium batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid polymer electrolytes; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.06.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Yen
AU  - Vinokur, Marcel
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
T1  - Spectral difference method for unstructured grids I: Basic formulation
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2006/08/10/
VL  - 216
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 780
EP  - 801
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: A new, high-order, conservative, and efficient method for conservation laws on unstructured grids is developed. It combines the best features of structured and unstructured grid methods to attain computational efficiency and geometric flexibility; it utilizes the concept of discontinuous and high-order local representations to achieve conservation and high accuracy; and it is based on the finite-difference formulation for simplicity. Universal reconstructions are obtained by distributing unknown and flux points in a geometrically similar manner for all unstructured cells. Placements of these points with various orders of accuracy are given for the triangular elements. Accuracy studies of the method are carried out with the two-dimensional linear wave equation and Burgers’ equation, and each order of accuracy is verified numerically. Numerical solutions of plane electromagnetic waves incident on perfectly conducting circular cylinders are presented and compared with the exact solutions to demonstrate the capability of the method. Excellent agreement has been found. The method is much simpler than the discontinuous Galerkin and spectral volume methods for unstructured grids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - INVARIANT wave equations
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - Conservation laws
KW  - High-order
KW  - Spectral collocation method
KW  - Spectral difference
KW  - Unstructured grids
N1  - Accession Number: 21071851; Liu, Yen 1; Email Address: Yen.Liu@nasa.gov Vinokur, Marcel 2 Wang, Z.J. 3; Email Address: zjw@iastate.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Eloret Corp., Sunnyvale, CA 94087, United States  3: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, 2271 Howe Hall, Ames, IA 50011, United States; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 216 Issue 2, p780; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: INVARIANT wave equations; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral collocation method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral difference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unstructured grids; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.01.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kwon, Ohwon
AU  - Sartor, Maureen
AU  - Tomlinson, Craig R.
AU  - Millard, Ronald W.
AU  - Olah, Mark E.
AU  - Sankovic, John M.
AU  - Banerjee, Rupak K.
T1  - Effect of simulated microgravity on oxidation-sensitive gene expression in PC12 cells
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 38
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1168
EP  - 1176
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Oxygen utilization by and oxygen dependence of cellular processes may be different in biological systems that are exposed to microgravity (micro-g). A baseline in which cellular changes in oxygen sensitive molecular processes occur during micro-g conditions would be important to pursue this question. The objective of this research is to analyze oxidation-sensitive gene expression in a model cell line [rat pheochromocytoma (PC12)] under simulated micro-g conditions. The PC12 cell line is well characterized in its response to oxygen, and is widely recognized as a sensitive model for studying the responses of oxygen-sensitive molecular and cellular processes. This study uses the rotating wall vessel bioreactor (RWV) designed at NASA to simulate micro-g. Gene expression in PC12 cells in response to micro-g was analyzed by DNA microarray technology. The microarray analysis of PC12 cells cultured for 4 days under simulated micro-g under standardized oxygen environment conditions revealed more than 100 genes whose expression levels were changed at least twofold (up-regulation of 65 genes and down-regulation of 39 genes) compared with those from cells in the unit gravity (unit-g) control. This study observed that genes involved in the oxidoreductase activity category were most significantly differentially expressed under micro-g conditions. Also, known oxidation-sensitive transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor-2α, c-myc, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ were changed significantly. Our initial results from the gene expression microarray studies may provide a context in which to evaluate the effect of varying oxygen environments on the background of differential gene regulation of biological processes under variable gravity conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - CELL lines
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - Gene expression
KW  - Microarray
KW  - Rotating wall vessel
KW  - Simulated microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 22968179; Kwon, Ohwon 1 Sartor, Maureen 2 Tomlinson, Craig R. 3 Millard, Ronald W. 4 Olah, Mark E. 4 Sankovic, John M. 5 Banerjee, Rupak K. 1,6; Email Address: rupak.banerjee@uc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  2: Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  3: Department of Environmental Health and Center for Environmental Genetics, Division of Environmental Genetics and Molecular Toxicology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  4: Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  5: Microgravity Science Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  6: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 38 Issue 6, p1168; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: CELL lines; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotating wall vessel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulated microgravity; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2006.02.059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giroux, Richard
AU  - Berinstain, Alain
AU  - Braham, Stephen
AU  - Graham, Thomas
AU  - Bamsey, Matthew
AU  - Boyd, Keegan
AU  - Silver, Matthew
AU  - Lussier-Desbiens, Alexis
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Boucher, Marc
AU  - Cowing, Keith
AU  - Dixon, Michael
T1  - Greenhouses in extreme environments: The Arthur Clarke Mars Greenhouse design and operation overview
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 38
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1248
EP  - 1259
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Since its deployment on Devon Island, Canadian High Arctic, in 2002, the Haughton Mars Project’s Arthur Clarke Mars Greenhouse (ACMG) has supported extreme environment related scientific and operation research that is relevant to Mars analogue studies – each at a specific level of fidelity and complexity. The Greenhouse serves as an initial experimental test-bed supporting field research, from which lessons may be learned to support the design and implementation of future field facilities, and enabling higher fidelity demonstrations. This paper provides an overall description of the ACMG, describes the different subsystems, explains its operational modes, details some results over the three years of operation and discusses future development plans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GREENHOUSES
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Autonomous operation
KW  - Extreme environment
KW  - Greenhouse
KW  - Space analog studies
N1  - Accession Number: 22968190; Giroux, Richard 1 Berinstain, Alain 1,2; Email Address: Alain.Berinstain@space.gc.ca Braham, Stephen 3 Graham, Thomas 2 Bamsey, Matthew 1 Boyd, Keegan 1 Silver, Matthew 1 Lussier-Desbiens, Alexis 1 Lee, Pascal 4 Boucher, Marc 5 Cowing, Keith 5 Dixon, Michael 2; Affiliation:  1: Canadian Space Agency, Space Science, 6767 route de l’aeroport, St-Hubert, Que., Canada J3Y 8Y9  2: University of Guelph, Dept. of Environmental Biology, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1  3: PolyLAB, 515 West Hastings Street, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5K3  4: Mars Institute, SETI Institute, and NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: SpaceRef Interactive Inc., P.O. Box 3569, Reston, VA 20195-1569, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 38 Issue 6, p1248; Subject Term: GREENHOUSES; Subject Term: EXTREME environments; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomous operation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extreme environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenhouse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space analog studies; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2006.07.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Lee III, Robert B.
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Bush, Kathryn A.
AU  - Willis, Joshua K.
T1  - Reexamination of the Observed Decadal Variability of the Earth Radiation Budget Using Altitude-Corrected ERBE/ERBS Nonscanner WFOV Data.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4028
EP  - 4040
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This paper gives an update on the observed decadal variability of the earth radiation budget (ERB) using the latest altitude-corrected Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)/Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) Nonscanner Wide Field of View (WFOV) instrument Edition3 dataset. The effects of the altitude correction are to modify the original reported decadal changes in tropical mean (20°N to 20°S) longwave (LW), shortwave (SW), and net radiation between the 1980s and the 1990s from 3.1, -2.4, and -0.7 to 1.6, -3.0, and 1.4 W m-2, respectively. In addition, a small SW instrument drift over the 15-yr period was discovered during the validation of the WFOV Edition3 dataset. A correction was developed and applied to the Edition3 dataset at the data user level to produce the WFOV Edition3_Rev1 dataset. With this final correction, the ERBS Nonscanner-observed decadal changes in tropical mean LW, SW, and net radiation between the 1980s and the 1990s now stand at 0.7, -2.1, and 1.4 W m-2, respectively, which are similar to the observed decadal changes in the High-Resolution Infrared Radiometer Sounder (HIRS) Pathfinder OLR and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) version FD record but disagree with the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder ERB record. Furthermore, the observed interannual variability of near-global ERBS WFOV Edition3_Rev1 net radiation is found to be remarkably consistent with the latest ocean heat storage record for the overlapping time period of 1993 to 1999. Both datasets show variations of roughly 1.5 W m-2 in planetary net heat balance during the 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - INFLUENCE of altitude
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
N1  - Accession Number: 22671151; Wong, Takmeng 1; Email Address: takmeng.wong@nasa.gov Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Lee III, Robert B. 1 Smith, G. Louis 2 Bush, Kathryn A. 3 Willis, Joshua K. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  3: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p4028; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: INFLUENCE of altitude; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, D.-Z.
AU  - Zhang, T.
AU  - Covey, C.
AU  - Klein, S. A.
AU  - Collins, W. D.
AU  - Hack, J. J.
AU  - Kiehl, J. T.
AU  - Meehl, G. A.
AU  - Held, I. M.
AU  - Suarez, M.
T1  - Radiative and Dynamical Feedbacks over the Equatorial Cold Tongue: Results from Nine Atmospheric GCMs.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4059
EP  - 4074
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The equatorial Pacific is a region with strong negative feedbacks. Yet coupled general circulation models (GCMs) have exhibited a propensity to develop a significant SST bias in that region, suggesting an unrealistic sensitivity in the coupled models to small energy flux errors that inevitably occur in the individual model components. Could this “hypersensitivity” exhibited in a coupled model be due to an underestimate of the strength of the negative feedbacks in this region? With this suspicion, the feedbacks in the equatorial Pacific in nine atmospheric GCMs (AGCMs) have been quantified using the interannual variations in that region and compared with the corresponding calculations from the observations. The nine AGCMs are the NCAR Community Climate Model version 1 (CAM1), the NCAR Community Climate Model version 2 (CAM2), the NCAR Community Climate Model version 3 (CAM3), the NCAR CAM3 at T85 resolution, the NASA Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction Project (NSIPP) Atmospheric Model, the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model (HadAM3), the Institut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) model (LMDZ4), the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) AM2p10, and the GFDL AM2p12. All the corresponding coupled runs of these nine AGCMs have an excessive cold tongue in the equatorial Pacific. The net atmospheric feedback over the equatorial Pacific in the two GFDL models is found to be comparable to the observed value. All other models are found to have a weaker negative net feedback from the atmosphere—a weaker regulating effect on the underlying SST than the real atmosphere. Except for the French (IPSL) model, a weaker negative feedback from the cloud albedo and a weaker negative feedback from the atmospheric transport are the two leading contributors to the weaker regulating effect from the atmosphere. The underestimate of the strength of the negative feedbacks by the models is apparently linked to an underestimate of the equatorial precipitation response. All models have a stronger water vapor feedback than that indicated in Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) observations. These results confirm the suspicion that an underestimate of the regulatory effect from the atmosphere over the equatorial Pacific region is a prevalent problem. The results also suggest, however, that a weaker regulatory effect from the atmosphere is unlikely solely responsible for the hypersensitivity in all models. The need to validate the feedbacks from the ocean transport is therefore highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - OCEAN circulation
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - GENERAL circulation model
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 22671140; Sun, D.-Z. 1; Email Address: dezheng.sun@noaa.gov Zhang, T. 1 Covey, C. 2 Klein, S. A. 2 Collins, W. D. 3 Hack, J. J. 3 Kiehl, J. T. 3 Meehl, G. A. 3 Held, I. M. 4 Suarez, M. 5; Affiliation:  1: CIRES/Climate Diagnostics Center, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  4: NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p4059; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: OCEAN circulation; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: GENERAL circulation model; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiou, E. W.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Chu, W. P.
T1  - Variability of Stratospheric Water Vapor Inferred from SAGE II, HALOE, and Boulder (Colorado) Balloon Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4121
EP  - 4133
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The variability of stratospheric water vapor between 1996 and 2004 has been studied using multiyear measurements from the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) version 6.2 dataset, the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) version 19 dataset, and the balloon-borne frost point hygrometer data record at Boulder, Colorado (40°N, 105°W). The features derived from SAGE II and HALOE for 20° latitudinal zones from 60°S to 60°N at various altitudes (16–34 km) show good quantitative agreement regarding the phases and magnitudes of annual, semiannual, and quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO). For the latitudinal zones 20°–40° and 40°–60°, the hemispheric asymmetry at 22 km with mainly QBO in the north and predominantly annual oscillations in the south has been revealed by both SAGE II and HALOE observations. Strong correlation exists between SAGE II and HALOE lower-stratospheric H2O anomalies over low latitudes and 100-hPa tropical zonal mean temperature anomalies. The correlation coefficients based on the 0°–20°S water vapor time series with H2O lagged by 2 months are 0.81 and 0.70 for HALOE and SAGE II, respectively. For 35°–45°N, SAGE II and HALOE show consistent trends generally varying from -0.05 to -0.02 ppmv yr-1 between 16 and 34 km. The corresponding analyses based on frost point measurements over Boulder show insignificant trends. These trends are not strongly dependent on the end points of the analysis and stand in contrast to the positive trends reported in previous studies that include data records prior to 1994. For the lower stratosphere, investigations of the entire balloon-borne dataset over Boulder indicate higher values of mixing ratios after 1992–93 compared to the period 1980–92. In contrast, SAGE II monthly zonal mean measurements for 35°–45°N show insignificant differences between the periods 1987–89 and 1996–2004. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - HYGROMETERS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - BOULDER [Colo.]
N1  - Accession Number: 22671155; Chiou, E. W. 1; Email Address: echiou@sesda2.com Thomason, L. W. 2 Chu, W. P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 19 Issue 16, p4121; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: HYGROMETERS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: BOULDER [Colo.]; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Higashibata, Akira
AU  - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - Imamizo-Sato, Man
AU  - Higashitani, Atsushi
AU  - Ishioka, Noriaki
T1  - Decreased expression of myogenic transcription factors and myosin heavy chains in Caenorhabditis elegans muscles developed during spaceflight.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Biology
JF  - Journal of Experimental Biology
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 209
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 3209
EP  - 3218
SN  - 00220949
AB  - The molecular mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy during spaceflight are not well understood. We have analyzed the effects of a 10-day spaceflight on Caenorhabditis elegans muscle development. DNA microarray, real-time quantitative PCR, and quantitative western blot analyses revealed that the amount of MHC in both body-wall and pharyngeal muscle decrease in response to spaceflight. Decreased transcription of the body-wall myogenic transcription factor HLH-1 (CeMyoD) and of the three pharyngeal myogenic transcription factors, PEB-1, CEH-22 and PHA-4 were also observed. Upon return to Earth animals displayed reduced rates of movement, indicating a functional defect. These results demonstrate that C. elegans muscle development is altered in response to spaceflight. This altered development occurs at the level of gene transcription and was observed in the presence of innervation, not simply in isolated cells. This important finding coupled with past observations of decreased levels of the same myogenic transcription factions in vertebrates after spaceflight raises the possibility that altered muscle development is a contributing factor to spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy in vertebrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Biology is the property of Company of Biologists Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CAENORHABDITIS elegans
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - MUSCLES
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - MYOSIN
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - development
KW  - muscle remodeling
KW  - myosin heavy chain
KW  - spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 22550645; Higashibata, Akira 1; Email Address: higashibata.akira@jaxa.jp Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. 2 Conley, Catharine A. 3 Imamizo-Sato, Man 4 Higashitani, Atsushi 5 Ishioka, Noriaki 1; Affiliation:  1: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1 -1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan  2: University of Pittsburgh, Department of Biological Sciences, A234 Langley Hall, 4249 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA  3: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, M/S 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Advanced Engineering Services Co. Ltd., Tsukuba Mitsui Building, 1-6-1, Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan  5: Graduate School of L~fe Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 209 Issue 16, p3209; Subject Term: CAENORHABDITIS elegans; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: MUSCLES; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: MYOSIN; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Caenorhabditis elegans; Author-Supplied Keyword: development; Author-Supplied Keyword: muscle remodeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: myosin heavy chain; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1242/jeb.02365
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gamon, J.A.
AU  - Rahman, A.F.
AU  - Dungan, J.L.
AU  - Schildhauer, M.
AU  - Huemmrich, K.F.
T1  - Spectral Network (SpecNet)—What is it and why do we need it?
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/08/15/
VL  - 103
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 227
EP  - 235
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Effective integration of optical remote sensing with flux measurements across multiple scales is essential for understanding global patterns of surface–atmosphere fluxes of carbon and water vapor. SpecNet (Spectral Network) is an international network of cooperating investigators and sites linking optical measurements with flux sampling for the purpose of improving our understanding of the controls on these fluxes. An additional goal is to characterize disturbance impacts on surface–atmosphere fluxes. To reach these goals, key SpecNet objectives include the exploration of scaling issues, development of novel sampling tools, standardization and intercomparison of sampling methods, development of models and statistical methods that relate optical sampling to fluxes, exploration of component fluxes, validation of satellite products, and development of an informatics approach that integrates disparate data sources across scales. Examples of these themes are summarized in this review. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - OPTICAL measurements
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - FLUXNET
KW  - Optical remote sensing
KW  - Satellite validation
KW  - Scaling
KW  - SpecNet (Spectral Network)
KW  - Surface–atmosphere flux
N1  - Accession Number: 21741160; Gamon, J.A. 1; Email Address: jgamon@gmail.com Rahman, A.F. 2 Dungan, J.L. 3 Schildhauer, M. 4 Huemmrich, K.F. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, 5151 State University Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA  2: MS2125, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA  3: MS 242-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, 735 State St., Suite 300, Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351, USA  5: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Code 614.4, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 103 Issue 3, p227; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: OPTICAL measurements; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: FLUXNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: SpecNet (Spectral Network); Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface–atmosphere flux; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weber, Arthur L.
AU  - Pizzarello, Sandra
T1  - The peptide-catalyzed stereospecific synthesis of tetroses: A possible model for prebiotic molecular evolution.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2006/08/22/
VL  - 103
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 12713
EP  - 12717
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Using a water-based prebiotic model of sugar synthesis involving glycolaldehyde self-condensation, we demonstrate that homochiral L-dipeptide catalysts lead to the stereospecific syntheses of tetroses. The asymmetric effect is largest for erythrose, which may reach a D-enantiomeric excess of >80% with L-Val-L-Val catalyst. Based on results obtained with various peptides, we propose a possible catalytic-reaction intermediate, consisting of an imidazolidinone ring formed between the two nitrogen atoms of the peptide catalyst and the C1 of one glycolaldehyde molecule. The study was motivated by the premise that exogenous material, such as the nonracemic amino acids found in meteorites, could have participated in the terrestrial evolution of molecular asymmetry by stereospecific catalysis. Because peptides might have formed readily on the early Earth, it is possible that their catalytic contribution was relevant in the prebiotic processes that preceded the onset of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUGAR synthesis
KW  - CHEMICAL inhibitors
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - PEPTIDES
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - catalysis
KW  - chirality
KW  - prebiotic chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 22362370; Weber, Arthur L. 1 Pizzarello, Sandra 2; Email Address: pizzar@asu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, SETI Institute, Moffet Field, CA 94035-1000  2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85018-1604; Source Info: 8/22/2006, Vol. 103 Issue 34, p12713; Subject Term: SUGAR synthesis; Subject Term: CHEMICAL inhibitors; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: PEPTIDES; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: catalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: chirality; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic chemistry; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0602320103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Growing Apart in Lock Step.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/08/25/
VL  - 313
IS  - 5790
M3  - Article
SP  - 1054
EP  - 1055
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article presents information on the satellite systems of Pluto. Two small moons of Pluto, Nix and Hydra, were discovered last year in images taken with the Hubble Space Telescope. Both travel on nearly circular orbits, in the same plane and direction as Pluto's much larger inner moon, Charon. Nix's orbital period is some what less than four times that of Charon, and Hydra orbits in slightly less time than it takes Charon to complete six revolutions. Two researchers report a mechanism by which Charon could have pushed Nix and Hydra outward from initial orbits much closer to Pluto, thereby providing a unified explanation for the origin and evolution of this intriguing four-body system.
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet) -- Satellites
KW  - DISCOVERIES in science
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Orbits
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY theories
KW  - MOON
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 23065793; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Email Address: jlissauer@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: 8/25/2006, Vol. 313 Issue 5790, p1054; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in science; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Orbits; Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY theories; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1128447
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, J.T.
AU  - Robarge, W.P.
AU  - Wu, Y.
AU  - Meyers, T.P.
T1  - Measurement of bi-directional ammonia fluxes over soybean using the modified Bowen-ratio technique
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2006/08/29/
VL  - 138
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 68
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: Measurements of bi-directional ammonia (NH3) exchange over a fertilized soybean canopy are presented for an 8-week period during the summer of 2002. The modified Bowen-ratio approach was used to determine fluxes from vertical NH3 and temperature gradients in combination with eddy covariance sensible heat fluxes. The measurement site is located in an area of high NH3 emissions from animal production and fertilizer use. Ambient NH3 concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 43.9μgm−3 (μ =9.4μgm−3) during the experiment. The mean flux was −12.3ngm−2 s−1, indicating that the canopy was a net sink for NH3; however, emission fluxes were consistently observed during the late morning and early afternoon. Deposition rates were highest when the canopy was wet (μ =−29.9ngm−2 s−1). Modeling results suggest that uptake via the leaf cuticle was the dominant deposition process and stomatal uptake only occurred during the first few hours after sunrise when the stomatal resistance and compensation point were low. The average stomatal compensation point was high (χ s =11.5μgNH3 m−3), primarily due to high daytime temperatures (μ =29°C). Measured cuticular resistances were large (median R w =208sm−1), most likely due to very dry conditions. The average NH3 flux corresponds to a dry-to-wet deposition ratio of 0.44. Median flux error was 51%, which was dominated by uncertainty in the vertical NH3 gradient due to sequential sampling between measurement heights. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOYBEAN
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - STOMATA
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Bi-directional flux
KW  - Compensation point
KW  - Dry deposition
KW  - Soybean
N1  - Accession Number: 21918475; Walker, J.T. 1; Email Address: walker.johnt@epa.gov Robarge, W.P. 2 Wu, Y. 3 Meyers, T.P. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States  2: Department of Soil Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  4: Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States; Source Info: Aug2006, Vol. 138 Issue 1-4, p54; Subject Term: SOYBEAN; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: STOMATA; Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ammonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bi-directional flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compensation point; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dry deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soybean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111110 Soybean Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2006.03.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behrenfeld, Michael J.
AU  - Worthington, Kirby
AU  - Sherrell, Robert M.
AU  - Chavez, Francisco P.
AU  - Strutton, Peter
AU  - McPhaden, Michael
AU  - Shea, Donald M.
T1  - Controls on tropical Pacific Ocean productivity revealed through nutrient stress diagnostics.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/08/31/
VL  - 442
IS  - 7106
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1028
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - In situ enrichment experiments have shown that the growth of bloom-forming diatoms in the major high-nitrate low-chlorophyll (HNLC) regions of the world's oceans is limited by the availability of iron. Yet even the largest of these manipulative experiments represents only a small fraction of an ocean basin, and the responses observed are strongly influenced by the proliferation of rare species rather than the growth of naturally dominant populations. Here we link unique fluorescence attributes of phytoplankton to specific physiological responses to nutrient stress, and use these relationships to evaluate the factors that constrain phytoplankton growth in the tropical Pacific Ocean on an unprecedented spatial scale. On the basis of fluorescence measurements taken over 12 years, we delineate three major ecophysiological regimes in this region. We find that iron has a key function in regulating phytoplankton growth in both HNLC and oligotrophic waters near the Equator and further south, whereas nitrogen and zooplankton grazing are the primary factors that regulate biomass production in the north. Application of our findings to the interpretation of satellite chlorophyll fields shows that productivity in the tropical Pacific basin may be 1.2–2.5 Pg C yr-1 lower than previous estimates have suggested, a difference that is comparable to the global change in ocean production that accompanied the largest El Niño to La Niña transition on record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPICAL conditions
KW  - DIATOMS
KW  - PHYTOPLANKTON
KW  - EFFECT of nitrogen on plants
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - PACIFIC Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 22271551; Behrenfeld, Michael J. 1 Worthington, Kirby 2 Sherrell, Robert M. 3 Chavez, Francisco P. 4 Strutton, Peter 5 McPhaden, Michael 6 Shea, Donald M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Cordley Hall 2082, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2902, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  3: Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences and Department of Geological Sciences, Rutgers University, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8521, USA  4: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, California 95039-9644, USA  5: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, 104 COAS Admin Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-5503, USA  6: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, Washington 98115, USA  7: Science Applications International Corporation, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; Source Info: 8/31/2006, Vol. 442 Issue 7106, p1025; Subject Term: TROPICAL conditions; Subject Term: DIATOMS; Subject Term: PHYTOPLANKTON; Subject Term: EFFECT of nitrogen on plants; Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Author-Supplied Keyword: PACIFIC Ocean; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature05083
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panda, J.
AU  - Seasholtz, R. G.
T1  - Experimental Investigation of Reynolds and Favre Averaging in High-Speed Jets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 44
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1952
EP  - 1952
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Recent advancements in a molecular Rayleigh scattering based diagnostic technique allowed for simultaneous measurement of velocity and density fluctuations with high sampling rates. The technique was used to investigate unheated high subsonic and supersonic fully expanded free jets in the Mach number range from 0.8 to 1.8. The difference between the Favre-averaged and the Reynolds-averaged axial velocity and axial component of the turbulent kinetic energy is found to be small. On average, estimates based on Morkovin's strong Reynolds analogy are found to underpredict turbulent density fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 22560808; Panda, J. 1,2,3 Seasholtz, R. G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, Ohio 44135  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Brookpark, Ohio 44135  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 44 Issue 9, p1952; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werner, Michael
AU  - Fazio, Giovanni
AU  - Rieke, George
AU  - Roellig, Thomas L.
AU  - Watson, Dan M.
T1  - First Fruits of the Spitzer Space Telescope: Galactic and Solar System Studies.
JO  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
JF  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 269
EP  - 321
SN  - 00664146
AB  - The Spitzer Space Telescope, launched in August 2003, is the infrared member of NASA's Great Observatory family. Spitzer combines the intrinsic sensitivity, of a cryogenic telescope in space with the imaging and spectroscopic power of modern infrared detector arrays. This review covers early results from Spitzer that have produced major advances in our understanding of our own solar system and phenomena within the Galaxy. Spitzer has made the first detection of light from extrasolar planets, characterized planet-forming and planetary debris disks around solar-type stars, showed that substellar objects with masses smaller than 10 MJup form through the same processes as do solar-mass stars, and studied in detail the composition of cometary ejecta in our Solar System. Spitzer's major technical advances will pave the way for yet more powerful future instruments. Spitzer should operate with full capabilities well into 2009, enabling several additional cycles of discovery and follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - INFRARED detectors
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - circumstellar disks
KW  - exoplanets infrared astronomy
KW  - planetary system formation
KW  - space technology
KW  - star formation
KW  - stellar evolution
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23395017; Werner, Michael 1; Email Address: mwerner@sirtfweb.jpl.nasa.gov Fazio, Giovanni 2; Email Address: gfazio@cfa.harvard.edu Rieke, George 3; Email Address: grieke@as.arizona.edu Roellig, Thomas L. 4; Email Address: thomas.l.roellig@nasa.gov Watson, Dan M. 5; Email Address: dmw@pas.rochester.edu; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy and Physics Directorate, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138  3: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721  4: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p269; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: INFRARED detectors; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: exoplanets infrared astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary system formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: space technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: star formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stellar evolution; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 53p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev.astro.44.051905.092544
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Levy, Doron
T1  - Mapped WENO and weighted power ENO reconstructions in semi-discrete central schemes for Hamilton–Jacobi equations
JO  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
JF  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 56
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1224
SN  - 01689274
AB  - Abstract: We incorporate new high-order WENO-type reconstructions into Godunov-type central schemes for Hamilton–Jacobi equations. We study schemes that are obtained by combining the Kurganov–Noelle–Petrova flux with the weighted power ENO and the mapped WENO reconstructions. We also derive new variants of these reconstructions by composing the weighted power ENO and the mapped WENO reconstructions with each other. While all schemes are, formally, fifth-order accurate, we show that the quality of the approximation does depend on the particular reconstruction that is being used. In certain cases, it is shown that the approximate solution may not converge to the viscosity solution at all. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Numerical Mathematics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RECONSTRUCTION (U.S. history, 1865-1877)
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - RHEOLOGY
KW  - HAMILTON-Jacobi equations
KW  - Central schemes
KW  - Hamilton–Jacobi equations
KW  - High order
KW  - Mapped ENO
KW  - Semi-discrete schemes
KW  - Weighted power ENO
KW  - WENO
N1  - Accession Number: 21492627; Bryson, Steve 1; Email Address: sbryson@mail.arc.nasa.gov Levy, Doron 2; Email Address: dlevy@math.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2125, USA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 56 Issue 9, p1211; Subject Term: RECONSTRUCTION (U.S. history, 1865-1877); Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: RHEOLOGY; Subject Term: HAMILTON-Jacobi equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hamilton–Jacobi equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mapped ENO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-discrete schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weighted power ENO; Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apnum.2006.03.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=21492627&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rutledge, Charles K.
AU  - Schuster, Gregory L.
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
AU  - Denn, Frederick M.
AU  - Smith Jr., William L.
AU  - Fabbri, Bryan E.
AU  - Madigan Jr., James J.
AU  - Knapp, Robert J.
T1  - Offshore Radiation Observations for Climate Research at the CERES Ocean Validation Experiment: A New “Laboratory” for Retrieval Algorithm Testing.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 87
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1222
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - When radiometers on satellites point toward Earth with the goal of sensing an important variable quantitatively, rather than just creating a pleasing image, the task at hand is often not simple. The electromagnetic energy detected by the radiometers is a puzzle of various signals; it must be solved to quantify the specific physical variable. This task, called the retrieval or remote-sensing process, is important to most satellite-based observation programs. It would be ideal to test the algorithms for retrieval processes in a sealed laboratory, where all the relevant parameters could be easily measured. The size and complexity of the Earth make this impractical. NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project has done the next-best thing by developing a long-term radiation observation site over the ocean. The relatively low and homogeneous surface albedo of the ocean make this type of site a simpler environment for observing and validating radiation parameters from satellite-based instruments. To characterize components of the planet's energy budget, CERES uses a variety of retrievals associated with several satellite-based instruments onboard NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS). A new surface observation project called the CERES Ocean Validation Experiment (COVE), operating on a rigid ocean platform, is supplying data to validate some of these instruments and retrieval products. This article describes the ocean platform and the types of observations being performed there, and highlights of some scientific problems being addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - SCIENCE
KW  - VIRGINIA
N1  - Accession Number: 22426555; Rutledge, Charles K. 1; Email Address: c.k.rutledge@larc.nasa.gov Schuster, Gregory L. 2 Charlock, Thomas P. 2 Denn, Frederick M. 1 Smith Jr., William L. 2 Fabbri, Bryan E. 1 Madigan Jr., James J. 1 Knapp, Robert J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Climate Sciences Branch, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 87 Issue 9, p1211; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Subject Term: VIRGINIA; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-87-9-1211
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sherry, Lance
AU  - Fennell, Karl
AU  - Feary, Michael
AU  - Polson, Peter
T1  - Human-Computer Interaction Analysis of Flight Management System Messages.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1372
EP  - 1376
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Researchers have identified low proficiency in pilot response to flight management system error messages and have documented pilot perceptions that the messages contribute to the overall difficulty in learning and using the flight management system. It is well known that sharp reductions in pilot proficiency occur when pilots are asked to perform tasks that are time-critical, occur very infrequently, and are not guided by salient visual cues on the user-interface. This paper describes the results of an analysis of the pilot human-computer interaction required to respond to 67 flight management system error messages from a representative modern flight management system. Thirty-six percent of the messages require prompt pilot response, occur very infrequently, and are not guided by visual cues. These results explain, in part, issues with pilot proficiency, and demonstrate the need for deliberate design of the messages to account for the properties of human-computer interaction. Guidelines for improved training and design of the error messages are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Piloting
KW  - ERGONOMICS
KW  - USER interfaces (Computer systems)
N1  - Accession Number: 23142551; Sherry, Lance 1,2 Fennell, Karl 3 Feary, Michael 4 Polson, Peter 5; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Associate, Human Factors Research & Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS: 262-4, Moffet Field, CA 94035  2: San Jose State University Research Foundation, Moffet Field, California 94035  3: Senior Instructor, United Airlines, Denver, Colorado 80207  4: Research Psychologist, Human Automation Integration Research NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035  5: Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309; Source Info: Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1372; Subject Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Piloting; Subject Term: ERGONOMICS; Subject Term: USER interfaces (Computer systems); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.20026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
T1  - Vortex-Free Flight Corridors for Aircraft Executing Compressed Landing Operations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1424
EP  - 1428
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A factor that limits airport arrival and departure rates is the need to wait between operations for the wake vortices of preceding aircraft to decay to a safe level. As airport traffic demand increases, creative methods will be needed to overcome the limitations caused by the hazard posed by vortex wakes so that airport capacities can be safely increased. The problem addressed here is the design of vortex-free trajectories for aircraft as they fly from their cruise altitudes down to their final approach paths and to a landing. The guidelines presented recommend that the flight path of each aircraft in a group executing nearly simultaneous landings be spaced far enough apart laterally along organized flight paths so that the vortex wakes of preceding aircraft will not intrude into the airspace to be used by following aircraft. An example is presented as to how a combination of straight lines and circular arcs is able to provide each aircraft in a group with a vortex-free trajectory for nearly simultaneous landings on a set of closely spaced parallel runways. Although the guidelines are described for aircraft on approach, the concepts presented are also applicable to departure, and to en route operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AIR travel
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 23142558; Rossow, Vernon J. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1424; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AIR travel; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.21614
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rouse, Marshall
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
AU  - Dopker, Bernard
AU  - Shah, Bharat
T1  - Response of Composite Fuselage Sandwich Side Panels Subjected to Internal Pressure and Axial Tension.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1440
EP  - 1447
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An experimental and analytical study on the structural behavior of two carbon fiber reinforced plastic composite sandwich fuselage side panels for a transport aircraft is presented. Each panel has two window cutouts and three frames and uses a distinctly different structural concept. These panels have been evaluated with internal-pressure and axial tension load loading conditions. One of the sandwich panels was tested with the middle frame removed to demonstrate the suitability of this two-frame design for supporting the prescribed biaxial loading conditions with twice the initial frame spacing. A damage tolerance study was conducted on the two-frame panel by cutting a notch in the panel that originated at the edge of a cutout and extended in the panel hoop direction through the window-belt area. This panel with a notch was tested in a combined-load condition. Both sandwich panel designs successfully satisfied all desired load requirements in the experimental part of the study, and experimental results from the two-frame panel with and without damage are fully explained by the analytical results. The results of this study suggest that there is potential for using sandwich structural concepts with greater than usual frame spacing to further reduce aircraft fuselage structural weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - REINFORCED plastics
KW  - DAMAGES (Law)
KW  - AIRCRAFT cabins
N1  - Accession Number: 23142561; Rouse, Marshall 1,2 Ambur, Damodar R. 3,4 Dopker, Bernard 5 Shah, Bharat 4,6; Affiliation:  1: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Chief, Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA  5: Specialist Engineer, Technology and Product Development Group, Boeing Commercial Airplane Company, Seattle, Washington 98124  6: Senior Staff Engineer, Advanced Structures and Materials Division, Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems Company, Marietta, Georgia 30063; Source Info: Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1440; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: REINFORCED plastics; Subject Term: DAMAGES (Law); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT cabins; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.22397
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, Melissa B.
AU  - Campbell, Richard L.
AU  - Pendergraft Jr., Odis C.
AU  - Friedman, Douglas M.
AU  - Serrano, Leonel
T1  - Designing and Testing a Blended Wing Body with Boundary-Layer Ingestion Nacelles.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/09//Sep/Oct2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1479
EP  - 1489
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A knowledge-based aerodynamic design method coupled with an unstructured grid Navier--Stokes flow solver was used to improve the propulsion/airframe integration for a blended wing body with boundary-layer ingestion nacelles. A new zonal design capability was used that significantly reduced the time required to achieve a successful design for each nacelle and the elevon between them. A wind-tunnel model was built with interchangeable parts reflecting the baseline and redesigned configurations and tested in the National Transonic Facility. Most of the testing was done at the cruise design conditions (Mach number of 0.85, Reynolds number of 75 million). In general, the predicted improvements in forces and moments as well as the changes in wing pressures between the baseline and redesign were confirmed by the wind-tunnel results. The effectiveness of elevons between the nacelles was also predicted surprisingly well considering the crudeness in the modeling of the control surfaces in the flow code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - AERIAL propellers
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - NACELLES
N1  - Accession Number: 23142565; Carter, Melissa B. 1,2 Campbell, Richard L. 1,3 Pendergraft Jr., Odis C. 1,4 Friedman, Douglas M. 5 Serrano, Leonel 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Member, AIAA  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: Senior Member, AIAA  5: Boeing Phantom Works, Huntington Beach, California 92647; Source Info: Sep/Oct2006, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p1479; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: AERIAL propellers; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: NACELLES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.22765
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamakov, V.
AU  - Saether, E.
AU  - Phillips, D.R.
AU  - Glaessgen, E.H.
T1  - Molecular-dynamics simulation-based cohesive zone representation of intergranular fracture processes in aluminum
JO  - Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids
JF  - Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 54
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1899
EP  - 1928
SN  - 00225096
AB  - Abstract: A traction–displacement relationship that may be embedded into a cohesive zone model for microscale problems of intergranular fracture is extracted from atomistic molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations. An MD model for crack propagation under steady-state conditions is developed to analyze intergranular fracture along a flat Σ99 [110] symmetric tilt grain boundary in aluminum. Under hydrostatic tensile load, the simulation reveals asymmetric crack propagation in the two opposite directions along the grain boundary. In one direction, the crack propagates in a brittle manner by cleavage with very little or no dislocation emission, and in the other direction, the propagation is ductile through the mechanism of deformation twinning. This behavior is consistent with the Rice criterion for cleavage vs. dislocation blunting transition at the crack tip. The preference for twinning to dislocation slip is in agreement with the predictions of the Tadmor and Hai criterion. A comparison with finite element calculations shows that while the stress field around the brittle crack tip follows the expected elastic solution for the given boundary conditions of the model, the stress field around the twinning crack tip has a strong plastic contribution. Through the definition of a Cohesive-Zone-Volume-Element—an atomistic analog to a continuum cohesive zone model element—the results from the MD simulation are recast to obtain an average continuum traction–displacement relationship to represent cohesive zone interaction along a characteristic length of the grain boundary interface for the cases of ductile and brittle decohesion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - Cohesive zone model
KW  - Crack-tip plasticity
KW  - Grain boundary decohesion
KW  - Intergranular fracture
KW  - Molecular-dynamics simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 21191564; Yamakov, V. 1; Email Address: yamakov@nianet.org Saether, E. 2 Phillips, D.R. 3 Glaessgen, E.H. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 54 Issue 9, p1899; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive zone model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack-tip plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundary decohesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intergranular fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular-dynamics simulation; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jmps.2006.03.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, N.
AU  - Chao, D.
T1  - Visualization of capillary flow in sessile drops and detecting spreading stability by laser refracted shadowgraphy.
JO  - Journal of Visualization
JF  - Journal of Visualization
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 241
SN  - 13438875
N1  - Accession Number: 51624334; Zhang, N. 1; Email Address: nzhang@grc.nasa.gov Chao, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute at NASA Glenn Research Center, 44135 Cleveland USA  2: Microgravity Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 44135 Cleveland USA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p241; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/BF03181666
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moisan, Tiffany A.
AU  - Ellisman, Mark H.
AU  - Buitenhuys, Casey W.
AU  - Sosinsky, Gina E.
T1  - Differences in chloroplast ultrastructure of Phaeocystis antarctica in low and high light.
JO  - Marine Biology
JF  - Marine Biology
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 149
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1281
EP  - 1290
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00253162
AB  - Phaeocystis antarctica Karsten exhibits optical changes in pigment packaging during acclimation to drastically different light levels. Here, the three-dimensional morphological rearrangements are shown for two light conditions mimicking limiting and saturating conditions for photosynthesis. Cultures of P. antarctica were grown semi-continuously under light-limiting conditions for growth (14 μmol quanta m−2 s−1) and a light-saturating condition (259 μmol quanta m−2 s−1) for growth. Increased numbers of thylakoids were observed under the low light treatment. In contrast, there were less amounts of thylakoid stacking in each chloroplast under the high light treatment. Electron microscopic tomographic reconstructions illustrate the complexity of the chloroplast organelle where the thylakoids ‘interact’ with the pyrenoid and the chloroplast membrane. Highly complex characteristics, such as bi- and tri-furcations in the thylakoid stacks, were continuous throughout the chloroplast. Other organelles, such as the Golgi apparatus and dense vesicles that may potentially affect cellular scattering and absorption were also observed in both high and low light. These three dimensional thylakoid arrangements have profound implications for cellular photophysiology. They represent a new view of algal chloroplast structure, and provide a starting point for more accurate optical modeling studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Biology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHLOROPLASTS -- Formation
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - BIOLOGICAL pigments
KW  - THYLAKOIDS
KW  - CHLOROPLAST membranes
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - GOLGI apparatus
KW  - CELL organelles
KW  - COATED vesicles
N1  - Accession Number: 22171995; Moisan, Tiffany A. 1; Email Address: tmoisan@osb.wff.nasa.gov Ellisman, Mark H. 2 Buitenhuys, Casey W. 2 Sosinsky, Gina E. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Island, VA 23337, USA  2: National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, Department of Neurosciences and the Center for Research on Biological Systems, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093-0608, USA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 149 Issue 6, p1281; Subject Term: CHLOROPLASTS -- Formation; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL pigments; Subject Term: THYLAKOIDS; Subject Term: CHLOROPLAST membranes; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: GOLGI apparatus; Subject Term: CELL organelles; Subject Term: COATED vesicles; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00227-006-0321-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Allen, Philip A.
AU  - Grabbe, Jeremy
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - Visual Word Recognition Without Central Attention: Evidence for Greater Automaticity With Advancing Age.
JO  - Psychology & Aging
JF  - Psychology & Aging
Y1  - 2006/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 431
EP  - 447
SN  - 08827974
AB  - The present experiments examined the automaticity of word recognition. The authors examined whether people can recognize words while central attention is devoted to another task and how this ability changes across the life span. In Experiment 1, a lexical decision Task 2 was combined with either an auditory or a visual Task 1. Regardless of the Task 1 modality, Task 2 word recognition proceeded in parallel with Task 1 central operations for older adults but not for younger adults. This is a rare example of improved cognitive processing with advancing age. When Task 2 was nonlexical (Experiment 2), however, there was no evidence for greater parallel processing for older adults. Thus, the processing advantage appears to be restricted to lexical processes. The authors conclude that greater cumulative experience with lexical processing leads to greater automaticity, allowing older adults to more efficiently perform this stage in parallel with another task. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychology & Aging is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WORD recognition
KW  - AUDITORY adaptation
KW  - AGE groups
KW  - LEXICOLOGY
KW  - VOCABULARY
KW  - aging
KW  - divided attention
KW  - dual-task interference
KW  - visual word recognition
N1  - Accession Number: 22560754; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu Ruthruff, Eric 2 McCann, Robert S. 3 Allen, Philip A. 4 Grabbe, Jeremy 4 Remington, Roger W. 5; Affiliation:  1: Oregon State University  2: University of New Mexico  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center  4: University of Akron  5: Johns Hopkins University; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p431; Subject Term: WORD recognition; Subject Term: AUDITORY adaptation; Subject Term: AGE groups; Subject Term: LEXICOLOGY; Subject Term: VOCABULARY; Author-Supplied Keyword: aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: divided attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual-task interference; Author-Supplied Keyword: visual word recognition; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0882-7974.21.3.431
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Suwen
AU  - Farley, R. P.
AU  - Goebel, J. H.
AU  - Keiser, G. M.
AU  - Lipa, J. A.
AU  - Turneaure, J. P.
T1  - Initial Evaluation of the GP-B Cryogenic Telescope Performance in Orbit.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/09/07/
VL  - 850
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1621
EP  - 1622
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Gravity Probe B spacecraft was launched on April 20, 2004 to measure the geodetic and frame dragging effects predicted by the theory of general relativity. A cryogenic optical telescope is used to establish the inertial reference frame for the measurements by star tracking. With a year of flight data collected, we describe the initial evaluation of the optical performance of the telescope. We find that the pointing noise is sufficiently low to support the mission and in reasonable agreement with extrapolations from ground tests. Our results show that appropriately designed precision optics can be operated over the temperature range from 300 to 3.5 K with little degradation. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENERAL relativity (Physics)
KW  - GEODESY
KW  - CRYOSTATS
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - STAR trackers
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - cryogenic
KW  - star tracker
KW  - telescope
KW  - windows
N1  - Accession Number: 23289483; Wang, Suwen 1 Farley, R. P. 2 Goebel, J. H. 3 Keiser, G. M. 1 Lipa, J. A. 1 Turneaure, J. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, U.S.A.  2: Lockheed-Martin Missiles and Space, Palo Alto, California, U.S.A.  3: Space Projects Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 850 Issue 1, p1621; Subject Term: GENERAL relativity (Physics); Subject Term: GEODESY; Subject Term: CRYOSTATS; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: STAR trackers; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: cryogenic; Author-Supplied Keyword: star tracker; Author-Supplied Keyword: telescope; Author-Supplied Keyword: windows; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2355327
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Aharonson, O.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bell, III., J. F.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Crisp, J. A.
AU  - Farrand, W.
AU  - Glotch, T.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
AU  - Jolliff, B. L.
AU  - Knoll, A. H.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - McSween, H. Y.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Rice, Jr., J. W.
T1  - Planetary science: Bedrock formation at Meridiani Planum.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2006/09/07/
VL  - 443
IS  - 7107
M3  - Article
SP  - E1
EP  - E2
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Arising from: T. M. McCollom & B. M. Hynek 438, 1129–1131 (2005); McCollom & Hynek replyThe Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity discovered sulphate-rich sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum on Mars, which are interpreted by McCollom and Hynek as altered volcanic rocks. However, their conclusions are derived from an incorrect representation of our depositional model, which is upheld by more recent Rover data. We contend that all the available data still support an aeolian and aqueous sedimentary origin for Meridiani bedrock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - ASTROGEOLOGY
KW  - ANALYTICAL geochemistry
KW  - HEMATITE
KW  - SULFATES
N1  - Accession Number: 22271604; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu Aharonson, O. 2 Arvidson, R. E. 3 Bell, III., J. F. 1 Christensen, P. R. 4 Clark, B. C. 5 Crisp, J. A. 6 Farrand, W. 7 Glotch, T. 2 Golombek, M. P. 6 Grant, J. 8 Grotzinger, J. 2 Herkenhoff, K. E. 9 Johnson, J. R. 9 Jolliff, B. L. 2 Knoll, A. H. 10 McLennan, S. M. 11 McSween, H. Y. 12 Moore, J. M. 13 Rice, Jr., J. W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA  2: Division of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA  4: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA  5: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, Colorado 80127, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA  8: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560, USA  9: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA  10: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  11: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA  12: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA  13: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/7/2006, Vol. 443 Issue 7107, pE1; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: ASTROGEOLOGY; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL geochemistry; Subject Term: HEMATITE; Subject Term: SULFATES; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature05212
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - A reduced order method for predicting high cycle fatigue of nonlinear structures
JO  - Computers & Structures
JF  - Computers & Structures
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 84
IS  - 24/25
M3  - Article
SP  - 1606
EP  - 1618
SN  - 00457949
AB  - Abstract: The goal of this investigation is to assess the quality of high-cycle-fatigue life estimation via a reduced order method for structures undergoing geometrically nonlinear random vibrations. Modal reduction is performed with several different suites of basis functions. After numerically solving the reduced order system equations of motion, the physical displacement time history is obtained by an inverse transformation and stresses are recovered. Stress ranges obtained through the rainflow counting procedure are used in a linear damage accumulation method to yield fatigue estimates. Fatigue life estimates obtained using various basis functions in the reduced order method are compared with those obtained from numerical simulation in physical degrees-of-freedom. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - FATIGUE testing machines
KW  - High-cycle-fatigue
KW  - Nonlinear random response
KW  - Reduced order methods
N1  - Accession Number: 21952799; Przekop, Adam 1; Email Address: adam@nianet.org Rizzi, Stephen A. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666-6147, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 84 Issue 24/25, p1606; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: FATIGUE testing machines; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-cycle-fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear random response; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced order methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.01.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Dependence of microelastic-plastic nonlinearity of martensitic stainless steel on fatigue damage accumulation.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 100
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 063508
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Self-organized substructural arrangements of dislocations formed during cyclic stress-induced fatigue of metals produce substantial changes in the material microelastic-plastic nonlinearity, a quantitative measure of which is the nonlinearity parameter β extracted from acoustic harmonic generation measurements. The contributions to β from the substructural evolution of dislocations and crack growth for fatigued martensitic 410Cb stainless steel are calculated from the Cantrell model [Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 460, 757 (2004)] as a function of percent full fatigue life to fracture. A wave interaction factor fWI is introduced into the model to account experimentally for the relative volume of fatigue damage included in the total volume of material swept out by an interrogating acoustic wave. For cyclic stress-controlled loading at 551 MPa and fWI=0.013 the model predicts a monotonic increase in β from dislocation substructures of almost 100% from the virgin state to roughly 95% full life. Negligible contributions from cracks are predicted in this range of fatigue life. However, during the last 5% of fatigue life the model predicts a rapid monotonic increase of β by several thousand percent that is dominated by crack growth. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements of 410Cb stainless steel samples fatigued in uniaxial, stress-controlled cyclic loading at 551 MPa from zero to full tensile load with a measured fWI of 0.013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRESS corrosion
KW  - METALS -- Fatigue
KW  - ACOUSTIC paramagnetic resonance
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
KW  - PHASE rule & equilibrium
KW  - STAINLESS steel
N1  - Accession Number: 22567689; Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 9/15/2006, Vol. 100 Issue 6, p063508; Subject Term: STRESS corrosion; Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC paramagnetic resonance; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Subject Term: PHASE rule & equilibrium; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2345614
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seevaratnam, G.K.
AU  - Walker, L.M.
AU  - Ramé, E.
AU  - Garoff, S.
T1  - Corrigendum to “Wetting by simple room-temperature polymer melts: Deviations from Newtonian behavior” [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 284 (2005) 265–270]
JO  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
JF  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 301
IS  - 2
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 706
EP  - 706
SN  - 00219797
N1  - Accession Number: 21912694; Seevaratnam, G.K. 1,2 Walker, L.M. 1,2 Ramé, E. 3 Garoff, S. 2,4; Email Address: sg2e@andrew.cmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  2: Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  3: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 301 Issue 2, p706; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.09.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toth, R.A.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Dulick, M.
T1  - Air-broadening of H2O as a function of temperature: 696–2163cm−1
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 101
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 339
EP  - 366
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The temperature dependence of air-broadened half-widths are reported for some 500 transitions in the (000)–(000) and (010)–(000) bands of H216O using gas sample temperatures ranging from 241 to 388K. These observations were obtained from infrared laboratory spectra recorded at 0.006–0.011cm−1 resolution with the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at Kitt Peak. The experimental values of the temperature dependence exponents, η, were grouped into eight subsets and fitted to empirical functions in a semi-global procedure. Overall, the values of η were found to decrease with increasing rotational quantum number J. The number of measurements (over 2200) and transitions (586) involved exceeds by a large margin that of any other comparable reported study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - Air-broadened widths
KW  - Temperature dependence
KW  - Water
N1  - Accession Number: 20969647; Toth, R.A. 1; Email Address: toth@caesar.jpl.nasa.gov Brown, L.R. 1 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Malathy Devi, V. 3 Chris Benner, D. 3 Dulick, M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: The College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 8795, 23187, USA  4: The National Solar Observatory, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726-6732, USA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 101 Issue 2, p339; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air-broadened widths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.11.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting of land surface phenology
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 49
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Land surface phenology is an important process for real-time monitoring and short-term forecasting in diverse land management, health, and hydrologic modeling applications. Yet current efforts to characterize phenological processes are limited by remote sensing challenges and lack of uncertainty estimates. Here, for a global distribution of phenologically and climatically similar phenoregions, we used the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer to develop a conceptually and computationally simple technique for real-time and forecast applications. Our overall approach was to analyze the phenological behavior of groups of pixels without recourse to smoothing or fitting. We used a 3-step initial process: (1) define a phenoregion specific normalized difference vegetation index threshold; (2) for all days from 1982–2003, calculate the percent of pixels above the threshold (PAT); (3) calculate daily 1982–2003 empirical distributions of PAT. For real-time monitoring, the current PAT may then be compared to the historical range of variability and visualized in relation to user-defined levels. Using similar concepts, we projected daily PAT up to one month in the future and compared predicted and actual dates at which a hypothetical PAT was reached. We found that the maximum lead-time of phenological forecasts could be analytically defined for user-specified uncertainty levels. The approach is adaptable to different remote sensing technologies and provides a foundation for ascribing a sequence of ground conditions (e.g. snowmelt, vegetative growth, pollen production, insect phenology) to remotely sensed land surface phenology observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOLOGY
KW  - BIOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - NATURAL history -- Outdoor books
KW  - ZOOLOGY
KW  - Bud break
KW  - Budburst
KW  - Fall
KW  - Growing season
KW  - Senescence
KW  - Spring
N1  - Accession Number: 22133858; White, Michael A. 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aquatic, Watershed, and Earth Resources, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 104 Issue 1, p43; Subject Term: PHENOLOGY; Subject Term: BIOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: NATURAL history -- Outdoor books; Subject Term: ZOOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bud break; Author-Supplied Keyword: Budburst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fall; Author-Supplied Keyword: Growing season; Author-Supplied Keyword: Senescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spring; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Lin, Bing
T1  - Determination of spring onset and growing season leaf development using satellite measurements
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 96
EP  - 102
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: An integrated approach to retrieve microwave emissivity difference vegetation index (EDVI) over land regions has been developed from combined multi-platform/multi-sensor satellite measurements, including SSM/I measurements. A possible relationship of the remotely sensed EDVI and the leaf physiology of canopy is explored at the Harvard Forest site for two growing seasons. This study finds that the EDVI is sensitive to leaf development through vegetation water content of the crown layer of the forest canopy, and has demonstrated that the spring onset and growing season duration can be determined accurately from the time series of satellite estimated EDVI within uncertainties of approximately 3 and 7 days for spring onset and growing season duration, respectively, compared to in situ observations. The leaf growing stage can also be monitored by a normalized EDVI. EDVI retrievals from satellite generally are possible during both daytime and nighttime when it is not raining. The EDVI technique studied here may provide higher temporal resolution observations for monitoring the onset of spring, the duration of growing season, and leaf development stage compared to current operational satellite methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE remote sensing
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AERIAL photogrammetry
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - Emissivity difference vegetation index (EDVI)
KW  - Growing season duration
KW  - Leaf development
KW  - Microwave remote sensing
KW  - Spring onset detection
N1  - Accession Number: 22133863; Min, Qilong 1; Email Address: min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu Lin, Bing 2; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, United States  2: Sciences Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 104 Issue 1, p96; Subject Term: MICROWAVE remote sensing; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AERIAL photogrammetry; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissivity difference vegetation index (EDVI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Growing season duration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spring onset detection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Griffith, C. A.
AU  - Penteado, P.
AU  - Rannou, P.
AU  - Brown, R.
AU  - Boudon, V.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Clark, R.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Buratti, B.
AU  - Nicholson, P.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Coustenis, A.
AU  - Negrao, A.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
T1  - Evidence for a Polar Ethane Cloud on Titan.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/09/15/
VL  - 313
IS  - 5793
M3  - Article
SP  - 1620
EP  - 1622
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Spectra from Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer reveal the presence of a vast tropospheric cloud on Titan at latitudes 51° to 68° north and all longitudes observed (10° to 190° west). The derived characteristics indicate that this cloud is composed of ethane and forms as a result of stratospheric subsidence and the particularly cool conditions near the moon's north pole. Preferential condensation of ethane, perhaps as ice, at Titan's poles during the winters may partially explain the lack of liquid ethane oceans on Titan's surface at middle and Lower latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - WINTER
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 23019781; Griffith, C. A. 1 Penteado, P. 1 Rannou, P. 2 Brown, R. 1 Boudon, V. 3 Baines, K. H. 4 Clark, R. 5 Drossart, P. 6 Buratti, B. 4 Nicholson, P. 7 McKay, C. P. 8 Coustenis, A. 6 Negrao, A. 2,9 Jaumann, R. 10; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721 USA  2: Service d'Aéronomie, Université de Versailles-St-Quentin, BP3, 91371 Verriéres le Buisson, France  3: Laboratoire de Physique de l'Université de Bourgogne, CNRS UMR 5027, Boîte Postale 47870, F-21078 Dijon, France  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109 USA  5: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, 80225 USA  6: Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Jannsen, Meudon, France  7: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA  8: Nasional Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA  9: Observatório Astronómico de Lisboa, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal  10: Institute of Planetary Exploration, Deutsche Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Germany; Source Info: 9/15/2006, Vol. 313 Issue 5793, p1620; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: WINTER; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yuen, Homan B.
AU  - Kim, Seongsin M.
AU  - Hatami, Fariba
AU  - Harris, James S.
AU  - Chin, Alan H.
T1  - Mid-infrared luminescence of an InNAsSb/InAs single quantum well grown by molecular beam epitaxy.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/09/18/
VL  - 89
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 121912
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The authors report the growth and characterization of a dilute nitride, InNAsSb/InAs, by solid source molecular beam epitaxy. Optimizing growth conditions for nitrogen incorporation has resulted in high-quality InNAsSb epilayers without any structural degradation, as confirmed by high-resolution x-ray diffraction. Optical properties were investigated by temperature dependent and excitation power dependent photoluminescence. The authors obtained mid-infrared luminescence around 4 μm at low temperature, which reveals strong carrier localization behavior at low temperature, induced by nitrogen and antimony interaction. The band alignment of InNAsSb/InAs can be type I instead of the conventional type II found for InAsSb/InAs. A conduction band offset, Ec, of ∼102 meV was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR beam epitaxy
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - NITRIDES
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - NITROGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 23073461; Yuen, Homan B. 1; Email Address: hyuen@snow.stanford.edu Kim, Seongsin M. 1; Email Address: seongsin@snow.stanford.edu Hatami, Fariba 1 Harris, James S. 1 Chin, Alan H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Solid State and Photonics Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4075  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 9/18/2006, Vol. 89 Issue 12, p121912; Subject Term: MOLECULAR beam epitaxy; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: NITRIDES; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: NITROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2356102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santer, B. D.
AU  - Wigley, T. M. L.
AU  - Gleckler, P. J.
AU  - Bonfils, C.
AU  - Wehner, M. F.
AU  - AchutaRao, K.
AU  - Barnett, T. P.
AU  - Boyle, J. S.
AU  - Brüggemann, W.
AU  - Fiorino, M.
AU  - Gillett, N.
AU  - Hansen, J. E.
AU  - Jonesh, P. D.
AU  - Kleina, S. A.
AU  - Meehi, G. A.
AU  - Raper, S. C. B.
AU  - Reynolds, R. W.
AU  - Taylor, K. E.
AU  - Washington, W. M.
T1  - Forced and unforced ocean temperature changes in Atlantic and Pacific tropical cyclogenesis regions.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2006/09/19/
VL  - 103
IS  - 38
M3  - Article
SP  - 13905
EP  - 13910
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Previous research has identified links between changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and hurricane intensity. We use climate models to study the possible causes of SST changes in Atlantic and Pacific tropical cyclogenesis regions. The observed SST increases in these regions range from 0.32°C to 0.67°C over the 20th century. The 22 climate models examined here suggest that century-time-scale SST changes of this magnitude cannot be explained solely by unforced variability of the climate system. We employ model simulations of natural internal variability to make probabilistic estimates of the contribution of external forcing to observed SST changes. For the period 1906–2005, we find an 84% chance that external forcing explains at least 67% of observed SST increases in the two tropical cyclogenesis regions. Model ‘20th-century’ simulations, with external forcing by combined anthropogenic and natural factors, are generally capable of replicating observed SST increases. In experiments in which forcing factors are varied individually rather than jointly, human-caused changes in greenhouse gases are the main driver of the 20th-century SST increases in both tropical cyclogenesis regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - DEEP-sea temperature
KW  - TROPICAL conditions
KW  - TROPICS
N1  - Accession Number: 22676463; Santer, B. D. 1; Email Address: santer1@IInl.gov Wigley, T. M. L. 2 Gleckler, P. J. 1 Bonfils, C. 3 Wehner, M. F. 4 AchutaRao, K. 1 Barnett, T. P. 5 Boyle, J. S. 1 Brüggemann, W. 6 Fiorino, M. 1 Gillett, N. 7 Hansen, J. E. 8 Jonesh, P. D. 9 Kleina, S. A. 1 Meehi, G. A. 2 Raper, S. C. B. 9 Reynolds, R. W. 10 Taylor, K. E. 1 Washington, W. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550  2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307  3: University of California, Merced, CA 95344  4: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720  5: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92037  6: lnstitut für Unternehmensforschung, Universität Hamburg, 22765 Hamburg, Germany  7: Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom  8: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025  9: Centre for Air Transport and the Environment, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester Ml 5GD, United Kingdom  10: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, NC 28801; Source Info: 9/19/2006, Vol. 103 Issue 38, p13905; Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: DEEP-sea temperature; Subject Term: TROPICAL conditions; Subject Term: TROPICS; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0602861103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McNutt, Jr., Ralph L.
AU  - Gold, Robert E.
AU  - Krimigis, Tom
AU  - Roelof, Edmond C.
AU  - Gruntman, Mike
AU  - Gloeckler, George
AU  - Koehn, Patrick L.
AU  - Kurth, William S.
AU  - Oleson, Steven R.
AU  - Fiehler, Douglas I.
AU  - Horanyi, Mihaly
AU  - Mewaldt, Richard A.
AU  - Leary, James C.
AU  - Anderson, Brian J.
T1  - Innovative interstellar explorer.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/09/26/
VL  - 858
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 341
EP  - 347
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - An interstellar “precursor” mission has been under discussion in the scientific community for at least 30 years. Fundamental scientific questions about the interaction of the Sun with the interstellar medium can only be answered with in situ measurements that such a mission can provide. The Innovative Interstellar Explorer (IIE) and its use of Radioisotope Electric Propulsion (REP) is being studied under a NASA “Vision Mission” grant. Speed is provided by a combination of a high-energy launch, using current launch vehicle technology, a Jupiter gravity assist, and long-term, low-thrust, continuous acceleration provided by an ion thruster running off electricity provided by advanced radioisotope electric generators. A payload of ten instruments with an aggregate mass of ∼35 kg and requiring ∼30 W has been carefully chosen to address the compelling science questions. The nominal 20-day launch window opens on 22 October 2014 followed by a Jupiter gravity assist on 5 February 2016. The REP system accelerates the spacecraft to a “burnout” speed of 7.8 AU per year at 104 AU on 13 October 2032 (Voyager 1’s current speed is ∼3.6 AU/yr). The spacecraft will return at least 500 bits per second from at least 200 AU ∼30 years after launch. Additional (backup) launch opportunities occur every 13 months to early 2018. In addition to addressing basic heliospheric science, the mission will ensure continued information on the far-heliospheric galactic cosmic ray population after the Voyagers have fallen silent and as the era of human Mars exploration begins. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR travel
KW  - INTERPLANETARY medium
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - COSMIC magnetic fields
KW  - SCIENTIFIC community
KW  - HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - ION rockets
N1  - Accession Number: 22784803; McNutt, Jr., Ralph L. 1 Gold, Robert E. 1 Krimigis, Tom 1 Roelof, Edmond C. 1 Gruntman, Mike 2 Gloeckler, George 3 Koehn, Patrick L. 3 Kurth, William S. 4 Oleson, Steven R. 5 Fiehler, Douglas I. 6 Horanyi, Mihaly 7,8 Mewaldt, Richard A. 9 Leary, James C. 1 Anderson, Brian J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, United States  2: University of Southern California, Astronautics and Space Technology Division, Rapp Research Building 230, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1192, United States  3: University of Michigan, 2455 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, United States  4: The University of Iowa, 203 Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242-1479, United States  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  6: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  7: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, United States  8: Department of Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, United States  9: California Institute of Technology, 220-47 Downs Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91126, United States; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 858 Issue 1, p341; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR travel; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY medium; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC community; Subject Term: HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: ION rockets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2359348
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hansen, James
AU  - Sato, Makiko
AU  - Ruedy, Reto
AU  - Lo, Ken
AU  - Lea, David W.
AU  - Medina-Elizade, Martin
T1  - Global temperature change.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2006/09/26/
VL  - 103
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 14288
EP  - 14293
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Global surface temperature has increased ≈0.2°C per decade in the past 30 years, similar to the warming rate predicted in the 1980s in initial global climate model simulations with transient greenhouse gas changes. Warming is larger in the Western Equatorial Pacific than in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific over the past century, and we suggest that the increased West-East temperature gradient may have increased the likelihood of strong El Niños, such as those of 1983 and 1998. Comparison of measured sea surface temperatures in the Western Pacific with paleoclimate data suggests that this critical ocean region, and probably the planet as a whole, is approximately as warm now as at the Holocene maximum and within ≈1°C of the maximum temperature of the past million years. We conclude that global warming of more than ≈1°C, relative to 2000, will constitute ‘dangerous’ climate change as judged from likely effects on sea level and extermination of species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - ABSOLUTE sea level change
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY
KW  - climate change
KW  - El Niños
KW  - global warming
KW  - sea level
KW  - species extinctions
N1  - Accession Number: 22705431; Hansen, James 1,2; Email Address: jhansen@giss.nasa.gov Sato, Makiko 1,2 Ruedy, Reto 1,3 Lo, Ken 1,3 Lea, David W. 4 Medina-Elizade, Martin 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies  2: Colombia University Earth lnstitute New York, NY 10025  3: Sigma Space Partners, Inc., 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025  4: Department of Earth Science, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106; Source Info: 9/26/2006, Vol. 103 Issue 39, p14288; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: ABSOLUTE sea level change; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niños; Author-Supplied Keyword: global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea level; Author-Supplied Keyword: species extinctions; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0606291103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morton, Douglas C.
AU  - deFries, Ruth S.
AU  - Shimabukuro, Yosio E.
AU  - Anderson, Liana O.
AU  - Arai, Egidio
AU  - del Bon Espirito-Santo, Fernando
AU  - Freitas, Ramon
AU  - Morisette, Jeff
T1  - Cropland expansion changes deforestation dynamics in the southern Brazilian Amazon.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2006/09/26/
VL  - 103
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 14637
EP  - 14641
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Intensive mechanized agriculture in the Brazilian Amazon grew by >3.6 million hectares (ha) during 2001–2004. Whether this cropland expansion resulted from intensified use of land previously cleared for cattle ranching or new deforestation has not been quantified and has major implications for future deforestation dynamics, carbon fluxes, forest fragmentation, and other ecosystem services. We combine deforestation maps, field surveys, and satellite-based information on vegetation phenology to characterize the fate of large (>25-ha) clearings as cropland, cattle pasture, or regrowing forest in the years after initial clearing in Mato Grosso, the Brazilian state with the highest deforestation rate and soybean production since 2001. Statewide, direct conversion of forest to cropland totaled >540,000 ha during 2001–2004, peaking at 23% of 2003 annual deforestation. Cropland deforestation averaged twice the size of clearings for pasture (mean sizes, 333 and 143 ha, respectively), and conversion occurred rapidly; >90% of clearings for cropland were planted in the first year after deforestation. Area deforested for cropland and mean annual soybean price in the year of forest clearing were directly correlated (R² = 0.72), suggesting that deforestation rates could return to higher levels seen in 2003–2004 with a rebound of crop prices in international markets. Pasture remains the dominant land use after forest clearing in Mato Grosso, but the growing importance of larger and faster conversion of forest to cropland defines a new paradigm of forest loss in Amazonia and refutes the claim that agricultural intensification does not lead to new deforestation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RANCHING
KW  - ANIMAL culture
KW  - DEFORESTATION
KW  - AGRICULTURAL intensification
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL degradation
KW  - CLEARING of land
KW  - agriculture
KW  - carbon
KW  - land use change
KW  - soybean
N1  - Accession Number: 22705491; Morton, Douglas C. 1 deFries, Ruth S. 1,2; Email Address: rdefries@mail.umd.edu Shimabukuro, Yosio E. 3 Anderson, Liana O. 3,4 Arai, Egidio 3 del Bon Espirito-Santo, Fernando 5 Freitas, Ramon 3 Morisette, Jeff 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, 2181 LeFrak Hall, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742  2: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, 2207 Computer and Space Sciences Building, College Park, MD 20742  3: Divisão de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas, 1758 Jardim da Granja, São José dos Campos, SP 12227-010, Brazil  4: Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom  5: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Morse Hall, Durham, NH 03824  6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771; Source Info: 9/26/2006, Vol. 103 Issue 39, p14637; Subject Term: RANCHING; Subject Term: ANIMAL culture; Subject Term: DEFORESTATION; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL intensification; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL degradation; Subject Term: CLEARING of land; Author-Supplied Keyword: agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: land use change; Author-Supplied Keyword: soybean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112130 Dual-Purpose Cattle Ranching and Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112110 Beef cattle ranching and farming, including feedlots; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0606377103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Durgun, E.
AU  - Senger, R. T.
AU  - Mehrez, H.
AU  - Sevinçli, H.
AU  - Ciraci, S.
T1  - Size-dependent alternation of magnetoresistive properties in atomic chains.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2006/09/28/
VL  - 125
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 121102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Spin-polarized electronic and transport properties of carbon atomic chains are investigated when they are capped with magnetic transition-metal (TM) atoms like Cr or Co. The magnetic ground state of the TM-Cn-TM chains alternates between the ferromagnetic (F) and antiferromagnetic (AF) spin configurations as a function of n. In view of the nanoscale spintronic device applications the desirable AF state is obtained for only even-n chains with Cr; conversely only odd-n chains with Co have AF ground states. When connected to appropriate metallic electrodes these atomic chains display a strong spin-valve effect. Analysis of structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of these atomic chains, as well as the indirect exchange coupling of the TM atoms through non-magnetic carbon atoms are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETISM
KW  - METALS -- Transport properties
KW  - ANTIFERROMAGNETISM
KW  - FERROMAGNETISM
KW  - COPPER
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 22567471; Durgun, E. 1 Senger, R. T. 1 Mehrez, H. 2 Sevinçli, H. 1 Ciraci, S. 1; Email Address: ciraci@fen.bilkent.edu.tr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey  2: Center for NanoTechnology and NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: 9/28/2006, Vol. 125 Issue 12, p121102; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: METALS -- Transport properties; Subject Term: ANTIFERROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2354080
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22567471&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodgers, S.D.
AU  - Charnley, S.B.
T1  - Sulfur chemistry in cometary comae
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2006/09/29/
VL  - 38
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1928
EP  - 1931
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We have modelled the chemistry which occurs in cometary comae following the sublimation of sulfuretted parent molecules from the nucleus. Our aim is to determine which of the S-bearing molecules observed in comets must be present in the icy nucleus and which may plausibly be produced in the coma. We find that, although chemical reactions are able to generate considerable amounts of some daughter molecules, they cannot produce the observed abundances. In particular, we demonstrate that previously suggested mechanisms for the formation of S2 in the inner coma are unlikely to be important in comets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFUR
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - COMETS
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - general ( Comets )
KW  - Molecular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 23061015; Rodgers, S.D.; Email Address: rodgers@dusty.arc.nasa.gov Charnley, S.B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p1928; Subject Term: SULFUR; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: COMETS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: general ( Comets ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2005.10.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whitacre, Jay
AU  - Yazami, Rachid
AU  - Hamwi, André
AU  - Smart, Marshall C.
AU  - Bennett, William
AU  - Surya Prakash, G.K.
AU  - Miller, Thomas
AU  - Bugga, Ratnakumar
T1  - Low operational temperature Li–CF x  batteries using cathodes containing sub-fluorinated graphitic materials
JO  - Journal of Power Sources
JF  - Journal of Power Sources
Y1  - 2006/09/29/
VL  - 160
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 577
EP  - 584
SN  - 03787753
AB  - Abstract: Commercial lithium/polycarbon monofluoride batteries [Li–(CF) n ] are typically current-limited and are therefore not implemented in high-rate or low-temperature applications. Recent results suggest, however, that CF-based cathodes that use sub-fluorinated CF x  (SFCF x ) active materials in a thin electrode form factor are able to support very high currents (up to 5C) while still providing a significant fraction of their specific capacity. In this work, the low temperature efficacy of these materials is examined in a −40°C environment. CF0.54 and CF0.65 powders were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy. These materials were then implemented in a spray-deposited electrode using a 1-mil (∼25μm) aluminum foil current collector and PVDF as a binder. Electrochemical tests showed that these materials were able to deliver specific capacity values up to five times greater than commercial CF1.08 powder inserted into identically fabricated test cells tested at −40°C. Testing also indicated that a room-temperature pre-discharge step was necessary to condition the electrode materials before exposure to the low-temperature test environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - CF x  primary batteries
KW  - Electrode passivation
KW  - High rate
KW  - Low temperature
KW  - Sub-fluorinated CF x 
N1  - Accession Number: 22394220; Whitacre, Jay 1; Email Address: whitacre@jpl.nasa.gov Yazami, Rachid 2 Hamwi, André 3 Smart, Marshall C. 1 Bennett, William 4 Surya Prakash, G.K. 5 Miller, Thomas 3 Bugga, Ratnakumar 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasasdena, CA, United States  2: CNRS, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States  3: Université Blaise Pascal de Clermont-Ferrand, 63177 Aubière, France  4: Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  5: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Source Info: Sep2006, Vol. 160 Issue 1, p577; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: CF x  primary batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrode passivation; Author-Supplied Keyword: High rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-fluorinated CF x ; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.01.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BALASUBRAMANIAM, R.
AU  - NAYAGAM, V.
AU  - HASAN, M.M.
AU  - KHAN, L.
T1  - Analysis of Heat and Mass Transfer during Condensation over a Porous Substrate.
JO  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Y1  - 2006/09/30/
VL  - 1077
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 459
EP  - 470
SN  - 00778923
AB  - Condensing heat exchangers are important in many space applications for thermal and humidity control systems. The International Space Station uses a cooled fin surface to condense moisture from humid air that is blown over it. The condensate and the air are “slurped” into a system that separates air and water by centrifugal forces. The use of a cooled porous substrate is an attractive alternative to the fin where condensation and liquid/gas separation can be achieved in a single step. We analyze the heat and mass transfer during condensation of moisture from flowing air over such a cooled, flat, porous substrate. A fully developed regime is investigated for coupled mass, momentum and energy transport in the gas phase, and momentum and energy transport in the condensate layer on the porous substrate and through the porous medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - GASES -- Separation
KW  - boundary layer suction
KW  - condensation heat transfer
KW  - heat exchanger
KW  - porous media
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 23150454; BALASUBRAMANIAM, R. 1; Email Address: bala@grc.nasa.gov NAYAGAM, V. 1 HASAN, M.M. 2 KHAN, L. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: Civil Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 1077 Issue 1, p459; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: GASES -- Separation; Author-Supplied Keyword: boundary layer suction; Author-Supplied Keyword: condensation heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat exchanger; Author-Supplied Keyword: porous media; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1196/annals.1362.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Robotic exploration of the surface and atmosphere of Venus
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 570
EP  - 579
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Venus, the “greenhouse planet,” is a scientifically fascinating place. The US National Academies of Sciences listed a Venus surface in situ explorer as one of the highest priority planetary science missions. A mission concept for a robotic mission to study the surface and atmosphere of Venus has been designed. The mission includes both surface robots, designed with an operational lifetime of 50 days on the surface of Venus, and also solar-powered airplanes to probe the middle atmosphere. At , and with 90 atmospheres of pressure of carbon-dioxide atmosphere, the surface of Venus is a hostile place for operation of a probe. The mission design trade-off looked at three options for surface operation: developing technology to operate at Venus surface temperatures, using an active refrigeration system to lower the temperature inside a “cool electronics enclosure,” or developing a hybrid system, where the computer system and the most temperature-sensitive electronics are on an aerial platform at lower temperature, and less sophisticated surface electronics operate at the ambient surface temperature. This paper presents the mission objectives, discusses the technology options for materials, power systems, electronics, and instruments, and presents a short summary of the mission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - INTERPLANETARY navigation
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - SPACE flight
N1  - Accession Number: 21664065; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.a.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 59 Issue 7, p570; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY navigation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: SPACE flight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.04.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lyver, John W.
AU  - Blaisten-Barojas, Estela
T1  - Computational study of heat transport in compositionally disordered binary crystals
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 4633
EP  - 4639
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The thermal conductivity of compositionally disordered binary crystals with atoms interacting through Lennard-Jones potentials has been studied as a function of temperature. The two species in the crystal differ in mass, hard-core atomic diameter, well depth and relative concentration. The isobaric Monte Carlo was used to equilibrate the samples at near-zero pressure. The isoenergy molecular dynamics combined with the Green–Kubo approach was taken to calculate the heat current time-dependent autocorrelation function and determine the lattice thermal conductivity of the sample. The inverse temperature dependence of the lattice thermal conductivity was shown to fail at low temperatures when the atomic diameters of the two species differ. Instead, the thermal conductivity was nearly a constant across temperatures for species with different atomic diameters. Overall, it is shown that there is a dramatic decrease of the lattice thermal conductivity with increasing atomic radii ratio between species and a moderate decrease due to mass disorder. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - Binary solids
KW  - Compositional disorder
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Monte Carlo
KW  - Thermal conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 22281832; Lyver, John W. 1,2 Blaisten-Barojas, Estela 1; Email Address: blaisten@gmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Computational Materials Science Center, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA  2: Office of Safety and Mission Assurance, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 54 Issue 17, p4633; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Binary solids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compositional disorder; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.05.050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smart, Michael K.
AU  - Hass, Neal E.
AU  - Paull, Allan
T1  - Flight Data Analysis of the HyShot 2 Scramjet Flight Experiment.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 44
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2366
EP  - 2366
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The development of scramjet propulsion for alternative launch and payload delivery capabilities has been composed largely of ground experiments for the last 40 years. With the goal of validating the use of short duration ground test facilities, a ballistic reentry vehicle experiment called HyShot was devised to achieve supersonic combustion in flight above Mach 7.5. It consisted of a double wedge intake and two back-to-back constant area combustors; one supplied with hydrogen fuel at an equivalence ratio of 0.34 and the other unfueled. Of the two flights conducted, HyShot 1 failed to reach the desired altitude due to booster failure, whereas HyShot 2 successfully accomplished both the desired trajectory and satisfactory scramjet operation. Postflight data analysis of HyShot 2 confirmed the presence of supersonic combustion during the approximately 3 s test window at altitudes between 35 and 29 km. Reasonable correlation between flight and some preflight shock tunnel tests was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - SCRAMJET engines
KW  - PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering)
KW  - HYDROGEN as fuel
KW  - COMBUSTION
N1  - Accession Number: 23902970; Smart, Michael K. 1 Hass, Neal E. 1 Paull, Allan 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 44 Issue 10, p2366; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: SCRAMJET engines; Subject Term: PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering); Subject Term: HYDROGEN as fuel; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.20661
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Worden, Simon "Pete"
T1  - AIR & SPACE INTERVIEW.
JO  - Air & Space Smithsonian
JF  - Air & Space Smithsonian
Y1  - 2006/10//Oct/Nov2006
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Interview
SP  - 13
EP  - 13
SN  - 08862257
AB  - The article presents an interview with Simon Worden, director of the Ames Research Center of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in California. He describes the most important contribution of Ames to returning astronauts to the moon. He explains the most significant thing achieved by any country in space since the launch of Sputnik 50 years ago. He comments on the future of space exploration.
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - RUSSIAN artificial satellites
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - AMES Research Center
KW  - WORDEN, Simon -- Interviews
N1  - Accession Number: 22536590; Worden, Simon "Pete" 1; Affiliation:  1: Director, NASA AMES Research Center, California; Source Info: Oct/Nov2006, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p13; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: RUSSIAN artificial satellites; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: WORDEN, Simon -- Interviews; Number of Pages: 3/4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Interview
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sturrock, P.A.
AU  - Caldwell, D.O.
AU  - Scargle, J.D.
T1  - Comparative analysis of GALLEX and GNO solar neutrino data
JO  - Astroparticle Physics
JF  - Astroparticle Physics
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 174
EP  - 185
SN  - 09276505
AB  - Abstract: Since the GALLEX and GNO datasets were derived from closely related experiments, there is a natural tendency to merge them. This is perhaps appropriate for any analysis based on the hypothesis that the solar neutrino flux is constant, but it is not necessarily appropriate for an analysis that allows for possible variability, since the GALLEX and GNO experiments belong to different solar cycles. Moreover, we find significant differences between the GALLEX and GNO datasets. It appears, from inspection of the time series and histograms, that GNO measurements are compatible with the assumption that the solar neutrino flux is constant, but GALLEX measurements are not. Furthermore, power-spectrum analysis yields evidence of rotational modulation in GALLEX data but not in GNO data. We compare our results with those of Pandola, who claims that GALLEX–GNO data show no evidence for variability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - NEUTRINOS
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - 14.60.Pq
KW  - Neutrinos
KW  - Sun
N1  - Accession Number: 22717169; Sturrock, P.A. 1; Email Address: sturrock@stanford.edu Caldwell, D.O. 2 Scargle, J.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, Varian 302, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, United States  2: Physics Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, United States  3: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p174; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: NEUTRINOS; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: 14.60.Pq; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutrinos; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KOMMU, SASHI S.
AU  - ANDREWS, RUSSELL J.
AU  - MAH, ROBERT W.
T1  - THE FUTURE ROLE OF INTELLIGENT PROBES IN DETECTING AND MANAGING PROSTATE CANCER.
JO  - BJU International
JF  - BJU International
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 98
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 717
EP  - 719
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14644096
AB  - The article discusses various studies on the role of intelligent probes (IP) in the management of prostate cancer. A study by J.S. Jones and colleagues found that by using an IP during biopsy it is possible to measure the differences in capacitance thus allowing biopsy of the most suspicious areas of the prostate gland. Another study by M. Johannsen and colleagues reported the coupling of interstitial hyperthermia using magnetic nanoparticles in recurrent prostate cancer.
KW  - PROSTATE cancer
KW  - MEDICAL supplies
KW  - BIOPSY
KW  - FEVER
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - CANCER relapse
N1  - Accession Number: 22227006; KOMMU, SASHI S. 1; Email Address: Sashi.Kommu@icr.ac.uk ANDREWS, RUSSELL J. 2 MAH, ROBERT W. 2; Affiliation:  1: The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 98 Issue 4, p717; Subject Term: PROSTATE cancer; Subject Term: MEDICAL supplies; Subject Term: BIOPSY; Subject Term: FEVER; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: CANCER relapse; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06337.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghose, Sayata
AU  - Watson, Kent A.
AU  - Sun, Keun J.
AU  - Criss, Jim M.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - High temperature resin/carbon nanotube composite fabrication
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 66
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1995
EP  - 2002
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: For the purpose of incorporating multifunctionality into advanced composites, blends of PETI-330 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared, characterized and fabricated into moldings. PETI-330/MWCNT mixtures were prepared at concentrations ranging from 3 to 25wt% by dry mixing the components in a ball mill. The resulting powders were characterized for degree of mixing, thermal and rheological properties. Based on the characterization results, PETI-330/MWCNT samples were scaled up to ∼300g and used to fabricate moldings by injecting the mixtures at 260–280°C into a stainless steel tool followed by curing for 1h at 371°C. The tool was designed to impart a degree of shear during the injection process in an attempt to achieve some alignment of the MWCNTs in the flow direction. Obtained moldings were subsequently characterized for thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. The degree of dispersion and alignment of MWCNTs were investigated using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The preparation and preliminary characterization of PETI-330/MWCNT composites will be discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - Injection molding (E)
KW  - Nanostructures (A)
KW  - Phenylethynyl terminated imides
KW  - Polymer matrix composites (A)
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy (D)
N1  - Accession Number: 21666513; Ghose, Sayata 1; Email Address: fn.s.ghose@larc.nasa.gov Watson, Kent A. 2 Sun, Keun J. 3 Criss, Jim M. 4 Siochi, Emilie J. 3 Connell, John W. 3; Email Address: john.w.connell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  4: M & P Technologies, Inc., Marietta, GA 30068, United States; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 66 Issue 13, p1995; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Injection molding (E); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructures (A); Author-Supplied Keyword: Phenylethynyl terminated imides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer matrix composites (A); Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning electron microscopy (D); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.01.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moisander, Pia H.
AU  - Shiue, Lily
AU  - Steward, Grieg F.
AU  - Jenkins, Bethany D.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Zehr, Jonathan P.
T1  - Application of a nifH oligonucleotide microarray for profiling diversity of N2-fixing microorganisms in marine microbial mats.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1721
EP  - 1735
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Diazotrophic community structure in microbial mats from Guerrero Negro (GN), Baja California, Mexico, was studied using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the nifH gene and a newly developed nifH oligonucleotide microarray. Ninety-six oligonucleotide probes designed for nifH sequences from cultivated isolates and the environment were printed on glass microarrays. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the probes represented all of the main nifH clusters. Specificity was tested by (i) evaluation of cross hybridization using individual targets, and (ii) comparison of the observed hybridization signals and those predicted from the sequences cloned from microbial mats. Signal intensity had a positive relationship with target concentration and the percentage identity between probe and target. Under moderate stringency and high target concentration, specificity of the probes varied from 77% to 100% with the individual targets tested. At the end of a 7-month long nutrient manipulation experiment in GN microbial mats, no expression of nitrogen fixation under nitrogen loading was detected, although a diverse community of diazotrophs was detected. The diversity in diazotrophic population present was higher than in the population expressing the nifH gene, and there were taxa specific differences in response to nutrients. The nifH microarray is a powerful tool for diazotroph community analysis in the marine environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARINE ecology
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - DNA polymerases
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 22165021; Moisander, Pia H. 1; Email Address: pmoisander@pmc.ucsc.edu Shiue, Lily 2 Steward, Grieg F. 3 Jenkins, Bethany D. 4 Bebout, Brad M. 5 Zehr, Jonathan P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Center for Biomolecular Science and Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii, Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 316 Morrill Hall, 45 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA  5: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 8 Issue 10, p1721; Subject Term: MARINE ecology; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: DNA polymerases; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01108.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdel-Fattah, Tarek
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Crooks, Roy E.
T1  - Pyrolytic Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes from Sucrose on a Mesoporous Silicate.
JO  - Fullerenes, Nanotubes & Carbon Nanostructures
JF  - Fullerenes, Nanotubes & Carbon Nanostructures
Y1  - 2006/10//Oct-Dec2006
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 585
EP  - 594
SN  - 1536383X
AB  - Multi‐wall carbon nanotubes were synthesized from sucrose by a pyrolytic technique using mesopourous MCM‐41 silicate templates without transition metal catalysts. The nanotubes were examined in the carbon/silicate composite and after dissolution of the silicate. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy study of the multi‐wall nanotubes showed them to be 15 nm in diameter, 200 nm in length and close‐ended. There was variation in crystallinity with some nanotubes showing disordered wall structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fullerenes, Nanotubes & Carbon Nanostructures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - SUCROSE
KW  - ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry)
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - mesopourous
KW  - multi-wall carbon nanotubes
KW  - pyrolytic synthesis
KW  - templates
N1  - Accession Number: 23173793; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek 1; Email Address: fattah@cnu.edu Siochi, Emilie J. 2 Crooks, Roy E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Science Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Oct-Dec2006, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p585; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: SUCROSE; Subject Term: ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry); Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: mesopourous; Author-Supplied Keyword: multi-wall carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: pyrolytic synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: templates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15363830600811995
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gomes, Rodney S.
AU  - Matese, John J.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - A distant planetary-mass solar companion may have produced distant detached objects
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 184
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 589
EP  - 601
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Most known trans-neptunian objects (TNO''s) are either on low eccentricity orbits or could have been perturbed to their current trajectories via gravitational interactions with known bodies. However, one or two recently-discovered TNO''s are distant detached objects (DDO''s) (perihelion, and semimajor axis, ) whose origins are not as easily understood. We investigate the parameter space of a hypothetical distant planetary-mass solar companion which could detach the perihelion of a Neptune-dominated TNO into a DDO orbit. Perturbations of the giant planets are also included. The problem is analyzed using two models. In the first model, we start with a distribution of undetached, low-inclination TNO''s having a wide range of semimajor axes. The planetary perturbations and the companion perturbation are treated in the adiabatic, secularly averaged tidal approximation. This provides a starting point for a more detailed analysis by providing insights as to the companion parameter space likely to create DDO''s. The second model includes the companion and the planets and numerically integrates perturbations on a sampling that is based on the real population of scattered disk objects (SDO''s). A single calculation is performed including the mutual interactions and migration of the planets. By comparing these models, we distinguish the distant detached population that can be attributable to the secular interaction from those that require additional planetary perturbations. We find that a DDO can be produced by a hypothetical Neptune-mass companion having semiminor axis, or a Jupiter-mass companion with . DDO''s produced by such a companion are likely to have small inclinations to the ecliptic only if the companion''s orbit is significantly inclined. We also discuss the possibility that the tilt of the planets'' invariable plane relative to the solar equatorial plane has been produced by such a hypothetical distant planetary-mass companion. Perturbations of a companion on Oort cloud comets are also considered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - dynamics ( Comets )
KW  - Trans-neptunian belt
N1  - Accession Number: 22593154; Gomes, Rodney S. 1 Matese, John J. 2; Email Address: matese@louisiana.edu Lissauer, Jack J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Observatório Nacional, Rua General José Cristino, 77, 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil  2: Department of Physics, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70504-4210, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 184 Issue 2, p589; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamics ( Comets ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Trans-neptunian belt; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chulmin Han
AU  - Huang, John
AU  - Kai Chang
T1  - Cassegrain Offset Subreflector-Fed X/Ka Dual-Band Reflectarray With Thin Membranes.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2838
EP  - 2844
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - The development of a 0.75-m Cassegrain offset subreflector-fed X/Ka dual-band reflectarray antenna is presented. The subreflector (SR) is fabricated using combinations of prescribed geometric parameters and two left-hand circularly polarized microstrip patch arrays are designed as feed networks with one covering X-band and the other covering Ka-band. The phase corrections in the reflectarray required to form a planar phase front are realized by rotating microstrip ring elements. Low-dielectric constant foam layers are inserted below both the X- and Ka-band membranes to act as support structures and to minimize the degrading effects of thin substrates. It is believed that this is the first Cassegrain offset-fed reflectarray ever been developed. The measured results show efficiencies around 50 % for both frequency bands with room for improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - APERTURE antennas
KW  - PHASE shifters
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - Cassegrain system
KW  - inflatable membrane
KW  - microstrip ring
KW  - reflectarray antenna
KW  - subreflector (SR)
N1  - Accession Number: 22793317; Chulmin Han 1; Email Address: chulmin-han@neo.tamu.edu Huang, John 2; Email Address: jhuang@pop.jpl.nasa.gov Kai Chang 1; Email Address: chang@ee.tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3128 USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 54 Issue 10, p2838; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: APERTURE antennas; Subject Term: PHASE shifters; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassegrain system; Author-Supplied Keyword: inflatable membrane; Author-Supplied Keyword: microstrip ring; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflectarray antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: subreflector (SR); NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2006.882176
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22793317&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Offermann, D.
AU  - Jarisch, M.
AU  - Oberheide, J.
AU  - Gusev, O.
AU  - Wohltmann, I.
AU  - Russell, J.M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
T1  - Global wave activity from upper stratosphere to lower thermosphere: A new turbopause concept
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 68
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1709
EP  - 1729
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: Global temperature measurements are available from CRISTA (CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere) and from SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) up to . Standard deviation from zonal mean temperature is used as a wave activity indicator (proxy). Altitude/latitude plots of these standard deviations or variances show a structure that is dependent on the season. There is also substantial zonal asymmetry. Vertical cuts through the -field show a remarkable transition between 90 and : linear fit curves above have a gradient similar to the amplitude increase of freely (upward) propagating waves. The corresponding gradients below are much flatter and thus indicate considerable wave damping. The intersection of the two fit curves is dubbed the “wave-turbopause” here, and is believed to be near the turbulent or transport turbopause. This wave-turbopause is found in the vicinity of for CRISTA-1, CRISTA-2, and SABER. It is compared to the corresponding cold point mesopause and to the isolines of estimated potential vorticities to show similarities with the tropopause. The height of the wave-turbopause depends on latitude. It also has considerable seasonal variation, which is very different at high and low latitudes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - MIDDLE atmosphere
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - Lower thermosphere
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Turbopause
N1  - Accession Number: 22597528; Offermann, D. 1 Jarisch, M. 1; Email Address: jarisch@uni-wuppertal.de Oberheide, J. 1 Gusev, O. 1 Wohltmann, I. 2 Russell, J.M. 3 Mlynczak, M.G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany  2: Department Climate System/Physical and Chemical Processes in the Atmosphere, Alfred-Wegener-Institute, Potsdam, Germany  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 68 Issue 15, p1709; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: MIDDLE atmosphere; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lower thermosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Middle atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbopause; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2006.01.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22597528&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Preusse, Peter
AU  - Ern, Manfred
AU  - Eckermann, Stephen D.
AU  - Warner, Christopher D.
AU  - Picard, Richard H.
AU  - Knieling, Peter
AU  - Krebsbach, Mac
AU  - Russell, James M.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Riese, Martin
T1  - Tropopause to mesopause gravity waves in August: Measurement and modeling
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 68
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1730
EP  - 1751
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: Global gravity wave (GW) distributions are retrieved from infrared emission limb soundings taken by the CRISTA instrument in August 1997 and by the SABER instrument in August 2003. The investigated altitudes cover the whole middle atmosphere from the tropopause to the mesopause. The data agree semi-quantitatively in their salient features and only small deviations due to the different meteorological conditions in the two years are observed. Of particular interest is the decrease of GW activity at the top of the southern polar vortex and an accompanying shift of GW activity towards the subtropics in the mesosphere. We emulate this feature by two conceptionally different models, the Warner and McIntyre spectral parameterization scheme and the GROGRAT GW ray tracer. Both models indicate that saturation limits and GW breaking are the governing processes in creating this structure. Also, both models can well reproduce the global distributions except for two important points: (1) convectively generated GWs in the northern subtropics are largely underestimated; (2) northern hemisphere high latitude activity is grossly overestimated. These points indicate that GW distribution in general circulation models are not fully realistic. Refined measurements are required to constrain more realistic GW source distributions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - MIDDLE atmosphere
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - PHYSICAL geography
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Ray tracing
KW  - Satellite measurements
KW  - Stratosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 22597529; Preusse, Peter 1; Email Address: p.preusse@fz-juelich.de Ern, Manfred 1 Eckermann, Stephen D. 2 Warner, Christopher D. 3 Picard, Richard H. 4 Knieling, Peter 5 Krebsbach, Mac 1 Russell, James M. 6 Mlynczak, Martin G. 7 Mertens, Christopher J. 7 Riese, Martin 1; Affiliation:  1: ICG-I, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Juelich, Germany  2: E. O. Hulburt Center for Space Research, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA  3: Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK  4: Air Force Research Laboratory, Hanscom Air Force Base, Hanscom, MA, USA  5: Department of Physics, Wuppertal University (BUW), Wuppertal, Germany  6: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 68 Issue 15, p1730; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: MIDDLE atmosphere; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: PHYSICAL geography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ray tracing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2005.10.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22597529&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prevéy, Paul S.
AU  - Ravindranath, Ravi A.
AU  - Shepard, Michael
AU  - Gabb, Timothy
T1  - Case Studies of Fatigue Life Improvement Using Low Plasticity Burnishing in Gas Turbine Engine Applications.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 128
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 865
EP  - 872
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Surface enhancement technologies such as shot peening, laser shock peening, and low plasticity burnishing (LPB) can provide substantial fatigue life improvement. However, to be effective, the compressive residual stresses that increase fatigue strength must be retained in service. For successful integration into turbine design, the process must be affordable and compatible with the manufacturing environment. LPB provides thermally stable compression of comparable magnitude and even greater depth than other methods, and can be performed in conventional machine shop environments on CNC machine tools. LPB provides a means to extend the fatigue lives of both new and legacy aircraft engines and ground-based turbines. Improving fatigue performance by introducing deep stable layers of compressive residual stress avoids the generally cost prohibitive alternative of modifying either material or design. The x-ray diffraction based background studies of thermal and mechanical stability of surface enhancement techniques are briefly reviewed, demonstrating the importance of minimizing cold work. The LPB process, tooling, and control systems are described. An overview of current research programs conducted for engine OEMs and the military to apply LPB to a variety of engine and aging aircraft components are presented. Fatigue performance and residual stress data developed to date for several case studies are presented including the following. (1) The effect of LPB on the fatigue performance of the nickel based super alloy IN718, showing the fatigue benefit of thermal stability at engine temperatures. (2) An order of magnitude improvement in damage tolerance of LPB processed Ti-6-4 fan blade leading edges. (3) Elimination of the fretting fatigue debit for Ti-6-4 with prior LPB. (4) Corrosion fatigue mitigation with LPB in Carpenter 450 steel. (5) Damage tolerance improvement in 17-4 PH steel. Where appropriate, the performance of LPB is compared to conventional shot peening after exposure to engine operating temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Fatigue
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - SHOT peening
KW  - BURNISHING
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - SURFACE hardening
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - METALS -- Cold working
N1  - Accession Number: 24311414; Prevéy, Paul S. 1; Email Address: pprevey@lambda-research.com Ravindranath, Ravi A. 2; Email Address: ravindranara@navair.navy.mil Shepard, Michael 3; Email Address: michael.Shepard@wpafb.af.mil Gabb, Timothy 4; Email Address: timothy.gabb@lerc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Lambda Research, 5521 Fair Lane, Cincinnati, OH 45227  2: NAVAIR, 22195 Elmer Road, Building 106, Room 202-G, Patuxent River, MD 10670-1534  3: Wright Patterson AFB, 2230 Tenth Street, Ste. 1, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7817  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Building 49, Room 231, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 128 Issue 4, p865; Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: SHOT peening; Subject Term: BURNISHING; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: SURFACE hardening; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: METALS -- Cold working; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24311414&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Collin
AU  - Hummel, John E.
T1  - Familiar Interacting Object Pairs Are Perceptually Grouped.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1107
EP  - 1119
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Identification of objects in a scene may be influenced by functional relations among those objects. In this study, observers indicated whether a target object matched a label. Each target was presented with a distractor object, and these were sometimes arranged to interact (as if being used together) and sometimes not to interact. When the distractor was semantically related to the label, identification was more accurate for targets arranged to interact with that distractor. This effect depended on observers' ability to perceptually integrate the stimulus objects, suggesting that it was perceptual in nature. The effect was not attributable to attentional cuing and did not depend on expectation of certain object pairs. These data suggest that familiar functional groupings of objects are perceptually grouped. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL psychology
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - IDENTIFICATION (Psychology)
KW  - SENSORY stimulation
KW  - context effects
KW  - functional group
KW  - object recognition
KW  - perceptual grouping
KW  - scene perception
N1  - Accession Number: 22566460; Green, Collin 1; Email Address: cgreen@arc.nasa.gov Hummel, John E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Human Factors Research & Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000.  2: Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Urbana–Champaign.; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p1107; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL psychology; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: IDENTIFICATION (Psychology); Subject Term: SENSORY stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: context effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: functional group; Author-Supplied Keyword: object recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: perceptual grouping; Author-Supplied Keyword: scene perception; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/0096-1523.32.5.1107
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22566460&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Earl G.
AU  - Valdivia, Nicolas
AU  - Herdic, Peter C.
AU  - Klos, Jacob
T1  - Volumetric acoustic vector intensity imager.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 120
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1887
EP  - 1897
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A new measurement system, consisting of a mobile array of 50 microphones that form a spherical surface of radius 0.2 m, that images the acoustic intensity vector throughout a large volume is discussed. A simultaneous measurement of the pressure field across all the microphones provides time-domain holograms. Spherical harmonic expansions are used to convert the measured pressure into a volumetric vector intensity field on a grid of points ranging from the origin to a maximum radius of 0.4 m. Displays of the volumetric intensity image are used to locate noise sources outside the volume. There is no restriction on the type of noise source that can be studied. An experiment inside a Boeing 757 aircraft in flight successfully tested the ability of the array to locate flow-noise-excited sources on the fuselage. Reference transducers located on suspected noise source locations can also be used to increase the ability of this device to separate and identify multiple noise sources at a given frequency by using the theory of partial field decompositions. The frequency range of operation is 0 to 1400 Hz. This device is ideal for the diagnostic analysis of noise sources in commercial and military transportation vehicles in air, on land, and underwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND measurement
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - LOUDNESS
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
N1  - Accession Number: 22643024; Williams, Earl G. 1; Email Address: earl.williams@nrl.navy.mil Valdivia, Nicolas 1 Herdic, Peter C. 1,2 Klos, Jacob 3; Affiliation:  1: Acoustics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375  2: SFA Inc., Largo, MD 20774  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 120 Issue 4, p1887; Subject Term: SOUND measurement; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: LOUDNESS; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2336762
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22643024&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Bencic, Timothy J.
AU  - Spuckler, Charles M.
AU  - Singh, Jogender
AU  - Wolfe, Douglas E.
T1  - Delamination-Indicating Thermal Barrier Coatings Using YSZ:Eu Sublayers.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 89
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3246
EP  - 3251
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Nondestructive diagnostic tools that can reliably assess thermal barrier coating (TBC) delamination are needed to provide protection against premature TBC failure as well as to reduce the costs associated with unnecessary TBC replacement. A coating design for a TBC that is self-indicating for delamination has been successfully implemented by incorporating a europium-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) luminescent sublayer beneath the overlying undoped YSZ TBC. It was demonstrated that incorporation of the europium-doped YSZ layer could be achieved without disrupting TBC columnar growth by using multiple ingot electron beam physical vapor deposition. Both scanning luminescence mapping as well as luminescence imaging revealed greatly enhanced detected luminescence from scratch-induced delaminated regions. This enhanced detected luminescence arises due to high internal reflectivity of both excitation and emission wavelengths at the interface between the luminescent sublayer and the delamination crack. In particular, imaging of the enhanced luminescence associated with TBC delamination was fast and simple to implement, therefore showing great promise as a practical tool for inspecting for TBC delamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - EUROPIUM
KW  - METAL coating
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
N1  - Accession Number: 22421149; Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.i.eldridge@nasa.gov Bencic, Timothy J. 1 Spuckler, Charles M. 1 Singh, Jogender 2 Wolfe, Douglas E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 89 Issue 10, p3246; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: EUROPIUM; Subject Term: METAL coating; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01211.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22421149&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Singh, Jogender
AU  - Wolfe, Douglas E.
T1  - Erosion-Indicating Thermal Barrier Coatings Using Luminescent Sublayers.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 89
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3252
EP  - 3254
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - A successful approach to producing thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) that are self-indicating for location and depth of erosion is presented. Erosion indication is demonstrated in electron-beam physical vapor-deposited (EB-PVD) TBCs consisting of 7 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) with europium-doped and terbium-doped sublayers. Multiple-ingot deposition was utilized to deposit doped layers with sharp boundaries in dopant concentration without disrupting the columnar growth that gives EB-PVD TBCs their desirable strain tolerance. TBC-coated specimens were subjected to alumina-particle-jet erosion, and the erosion depth was indicated under ultraviolet illumination by the luminescence associated with the sublayers exposed by erosion. Sufficiently distinct luminescent sublayer boundaries were retained to maintain an effective erosion-indicating capability even after annealing free-standing TBCs at 1400°C for 100 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - EROSION
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - EUROPIUM
KW  - TERBIUM
KW  - SURFACE coatings
N1  - Accession Number: 22421150; Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.i.eldridge@nasa.gov Singh, Jogender 2 Wolfe, Douglas E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 89 Issue 10, p3252; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: EUROPIUM; Subject Term: TERBIUM; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01210.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22421150&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - Rhodes, Kevin L.
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
AU  - Ewing, Stephanie A.
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Gómez-Silva, Benito
AU  - Amundson, Ronald
AU  - Friedmann, E. Imre
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Hypolithic Cyanobacteria, Dry Limit of Photosynthesis, and Microbial Ecology in the Hyperarid Atacama Desert.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 398
SN  - 00953628
AB  - The occurrence of hypolithic cyanobacteria colonizing translucent stones was quantified along the aridity gradient in the Atacama Desert in Chile, from less arid areas to the hyperarid core where photosynthetic life and thus primary production reach their limits. As mean rainfall declines from 21 to ≤2 mm year−1, the abundance of hypolithic cyanobacteria drops from 28 to <0.1%, molecular diversity declines threefold, and organic carbon residence times increase by three orders of magnitude. Communities contained a single Chroococcidiopsis morphospecies with heterotrophic associates, yet molecular analysis revealed that each stone supported a number of unique 16S rRNA gene-defined genotypes. A fivefold increase in steady-state residence times for organic carbon within communities in the hyperarid core (3200 years turnover time) indicates a significant decline in biological carbon cycling. Six years of microclimate data suggest that the dry limit corresponds to ≤5 mm year−1 rainfall and/or decadal periods of no rain, with <75 h year−1 of liquid water available to cyanobacteria under light conditions suitable for photosynthesis. In the hyperarid core, hypolithic cyanobacteria are rare and exist in small spatially isolated islands amidst a microbially depauperate bare soil. These findings suggest that photosynthetic life is extremely unlikely on the present-day surface of Mars, but may have existed in the past. If so, such microhabitats would probably be widely dispersed, difficult to detect, and millimeters away from virtually lifeless surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
N1  - Accession Number: 23268469; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 1,2; Email Address: kwarrenrhodes@mail.arc.nasa.gov Rhodes, Kevin L. 3 Pointing, Stephen B. 4 Ewing, Stephanie A. 2 Lacap, Donnabella C. 4 Gómez-Silva, Benito 5 Amundson, Ronald 2 Friedmann, E. Imre 1 McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, Ecosystem Sciences Division, The University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, The University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  4: Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China  5: Departmento de Biomédico and Instituto del Desierto, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p389; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-006-9055-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wareing, C. J.
AU  - Zijlstra, Albert A.
AU  - Speck, Angela K.
AU  - O'Brien, T. J.
AU  - Ueta, Toshiya
AU  - Elitzur, M.
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Herwig, F.
AU  - Izumiura, H.
AU  - Matsuura, M.
AU  - Meixner, M.
AU  - Stencel, R. E.
AU  - Szczerba, R.
T1  - Detached shells as tracers of asymptotic giant branch–interstellar medium bow shocks.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 372
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L63
EP  - L67
SN  - 17453925
AB  - New Spitzer imaging observations have revealed the structure around the Mira variable star R Hya to be a one-sided parabolic arc 100 arcsec to the west, stretching from north to south. We successfully model R Hya and its surroundings in terms of an interaction of the stellar wind from an asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star with the interstellar medium (ISM) the star moves through. Our three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation reproduces the structure as a bow shock into the oncoming ISM. We propose this as another explanation of detached shells around such stars, which should be considered alongside current theories of internal origin. The simulation predicts the existence of a tail of ram-pressure-stripped AGB material stretching downstream. Indications for such a tail behind R Hya are seen in IRAS maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC giant branch stars
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - STARS
KW  - RED giants
KW  - ISM: structure
KW  - stars: AGB and post-AGB
KW  - stars: individual: R Hya
KW  - stars: mass-loss
N1  - Accession Number: 22495089; Wareing, C. J. 1; Email Address: cwareing@jb.man.ac.uk Zijlstra, Albert A. 1 Speck, Angela K. 2 O'Brien, T. J. 1 Ueta, Toshiya 3 Elitzur, M. 4 Gehrz, R. D. 5 Herwig, F. 6 Izumiura, H. 7 Matsuura, M. 8 Meixner, M. 9 Stencel, R. E. 10 Szczerba, R. 11; Affiliation:  1: Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, 223 Physics Building, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center/USRA SOFIA Office, Mail Stop 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Physics & Astronomy Department, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  6: Theoretical Astrophysics Group, LANL, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  7: Okayama Astrophysical Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Kamogata, Asakuchi, Okayama 719-0232, Japan  8: Division of Optical and IR Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa 2-21-1, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan  9: STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  11: N. Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Rabianska 8, 87-100, Torun, Poland; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 372 Issue 1, pL63; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC giant branch stars; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RED giants; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: AGB and post-AGB; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: R Hya; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: mass-loss; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2006.00227.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Ash, Robert L.
T1  - Response to “Comment on ‘Variational approach to the volume viscosity of fluids’” [Phys. Fluids 18, 109101 (2006)].
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 18
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 109102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - We respond to the Comment of Markus Scholle and therewith revise our material entropy constraint to account for the production of entropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - EQUATIONS of state
KW  - EQUATIONS of motion
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - VISCOSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 22988272; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 1; Email Address: a.j.zuckerwar@larc.nasa.gov Ash, Robert L. 2; Email Address: rash@odu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 18 Issue 10, p109102; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of motion; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2361310
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Stephan, K.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
T1  - High-resolution CASSINI-VIMS mosaics of Titan and the icy Saturnian satellites
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1146
EP  - 1155
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the CASSINI spacecraft obtained new spectral data of the icy satellites of Saturn after its arrival at Saturn in June 2004. VIMS operates in a spectral range from 0.35 to 5.2μm, generating image cubes in which each pixel represents a spectrum consisting of 352 contiguous wavebands. As an imaging spectrometer VIMS combines the characteristics of both a spectrometer and an imaging instrument. This makes it possible to analyze the spectrum of each pixel separately and to map the spectral characteristics spatially, which is important to study the relationships between spectral information and geological and geomorphologic surface features. The spatial analysis of the spectral data requires the determination of the exact geographic position of each pixel on the specific surface and that all 352 spectral elements of each pixel show the same region of the target. We developed a method to reproject each pixel geometrically and to convert the spectral data into map projected image cubes. This method can also be applied to mosaic different VIMS observations. Based on these mosaics, maps of the spectral properties for each Saturnian satellite can be derived and attributed to geographic positions as well as to geological and geomorphologic surface features. These map-projected mosaics are the basis for all further investigations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Imaging spectroscopy
KW  - Map projection
KW  - Mosaics
KW  - Saturnian satellites
KW  - VIMS
N1  - Accession Number: 22636582; Jaumann, R. 1; Email Address: ralf.jaumann@dlr.de Stephan, K. 1 Brown, R.H. 2 Buratti, B.J. 3 Clark, R.N. 4 McCord, T.B. 5 Coradini, A. 6 Capaccioni, F. 7 Filacchione, G. 7 Cerroni, P. 7 Baines, K.H. 3 Bellucci, G. 6 Bibring, J.-P. 8 Combes, M. 9 Cruikshank, D.P. 10 Drossart, P. 9 Formisano, V. 6 Langevin, Y. 8 Matson, D.L. 3 Nelson, R.M. 3; Affiliation:  1: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  2: Department Planetary Science and LPL, University of AZ, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: USGS, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA  5: Planetary Science Institute, 22 Fiddler's Rd., Winthrop, WA 98862-0667, USA  6: Istituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy  7: Instituto di Astrofisica Spaziale, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy  8: Universite de Paris Sud-Orsay, IAS, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  9: Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5 Place Jules Jannsen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 54 Issue 12, p1146; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Map projection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mosaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturnian satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: VIMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spilker, Linda J.
AU  - Pilorz, Stuart H.
AU  - Wallis, Brad D.
AU  - Pearl, John C.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Brooks, Shawn M.
AU  - Altobelli, Nicolas
AU  - Edgington, Scott G.
AU  - Showalter, Mark
AU  - Michael Flasar, F.
AU  - Ferrari, Cecile
AU  - Leyrat, Cedric
T1  - Cassini thermal observations of Saturn's main rings: Implications for particle rotation and vertical mixing
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1167
EP  - 1176
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: In late 2004 and 2005 the Cassini composite infrared spectrometer (CIRS) obtained spatially resolved thermal infrared radial scans of Saturn''s main rings (A, B and C, and Cassini Division) that show ring temperatures decreasing with increasing solar phase angle, α, on both the lit and unlit faces of the ring plane. These temperature differences suggest that Saturn''s main rings include a population of ring particles that spin slowly, with a spin period greater than 3.6h, given their low thermal inertia. The A ring shows the smallest temperature variation with α, and this variation decreases with distance from the planet. This suggests an increasing number of smaller, and/or more rapidly rotating ring particles with more uniform temperatures, resulting perhaps from stirring by the density waves in the outer A ring and/or self-gravity wakes. The temperatures of the A and B rings are correlated with their optical depth, τ, when viewed from the lit face, and anti-correlated when viewed from the unlit face. On the unlit face of the B ring, not only do the lowest temperatures correlate with the largest τ, these temperatures are also the same at both low and high α, suggesting that little sunlight is penetrating these regions. The temperature differential from the lit to the unlit side of the rings is a strong, nearly linear, function of optical depth. This is consistent with the expectation that little sunlight penetrates to the dark side of the densest rings, but also suggests that little vertical mixing of ring particles is taking place in the A and B rings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - SUNSHINE
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Cassini composite infrared spectrometer
KW  - Saturn's rings
KW  - Thermal ring measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 22636590; Spilker, Linda J. 1; Email Address: Linda.J.Spilker@jpl.nasa.gov Pilorz, Stuart H. 1 Wallis, Brad D. 1 Pearl, John C. 2 Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 3 Brooks, Shawn M. 1 Altobelli, Nicolas 1 Edgington, Scott G. 1 Showalter, Mark 4 Michael Flasar, F. 2 Ferrari, Cecile 5 Leyrat, Cedric 5; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: Goddard Spaceflight Center  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: SETI Institute  5: AIM, CEA Saclay & University Paris 7; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 54 Issue 12, p1167; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: SUNSHINE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini composite infrared spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn's rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal ring measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Qualls, G.D.
AU  - Singleterry, R.C.
T1  - Modeling of the Martian environment for radiation analysis
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1097
EP  - 1102
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: A model for the radiation environment to be found on the planet Mars due to Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) has been developed. Solar modulated primary particles rescaled for conditions at Mars are transported through the Martian atmosphere down to the surface, with altitude and backscattering patterns taken into account. The altitude to compute the atmospheric thickness profile has been determined by using a model for the topography based on the data provided by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft. The Mars surface composition has been modeled based on averages over the measurements obtained from orbiting spacecraft and at various landing sites, taking into account the possible volatile inventory (e.g. and ices) along with its time variations throughout the Martian year. The Mars Radiation Environment Model has been made available worldwide through the Space Ionizing Radiation Effects and Shielding Tools (SIREST) website, a project of NASA Langley Research Center. This site has been developed to provide the scientific and engineering communities with an interactive site containing a variety of environmental models, shield evaluation codes, and radiation response models to allow a thorough assessment of ionizing radiation risk for current and future space missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
N1  - Accession Number: 23210327; De Angelis, G. 1,2,3; Email Address: giovanni.deangelis@iss.it Wilson, J.W. 2 Clowdsley, M.S. 2 Qualls, G.D. 2 Singleterry, R.C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, USA  3: Istituto Superiore di Sanita’, Rome, Italy; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 41 Issue 9/10, p1097; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.04.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heinbockel, John H.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Qualls, Garry D.
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
T1  - HZE ion fragmentation cross-section sensitivity and propagated errors in HZE exposure estimates
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1103
EP  - 1114
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: It has long been recognized that galactic cosmic rays are of such high energy that they tend to pass through available shielding materials resulting in exposure of astronauts and equipment within space vehicles and habitats. Any protection provided by shielding materials result not so much from stopping such particles but by changing their physical character in interaction with shielding material nuclei forming, hopefully, less dangerous species. Clearly, the fidelity of the nuclear cross-sections is essential to correct specification of shield design and sensitivity to cross-section error is important in guiding experimental validation of cross-section models and database. We examine the Boltzmann transport equation which is used to calculate dose equivalent during solar minimum, with units (cSv/yr), associated with various depths of shielding materials. The dose equivalent is a weighted sum of contributions from neutrons, protons, light ions, medium ions and heavy ions using the ICRP-60 LET dependent quality factors. We investigate the sensitivity of dose equivalent calculations due to errors in nuclear fragmentation cross-sections. We do this error analysis for all possible projectile-fragment combinations (14,365 such combinations) to estimate the sensitivity of the shielding calculations to errors in the nuclear fragmentation cross-sections. Numerical differentiation with respect to the cross-sections will be evaluated in a broad class of materials including polyethylene, aluminum and copper. We will identify the most important cross-sections to ensure adequate experimental study and evaluate their impact on propagated errors in shielding estimates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - GEOLOGICAL cross sections
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 23210328; Heinbockel, John H. 1; Email Address: j.h.heinbockel@larc.nasa.gov/ Wilson, John W. 2 Blattnig, Steve R. 2 Qualls, Garry D. 2 Badavi, Francis F. 3 Cucinotta, Francis A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 41 Issue 9/10, p1103; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL cross sections; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.02.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Myung-Hee Y.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
T1  - Mean occurrence frequency and temporal risk analysis of solar particle events
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1115
EP  - 1122
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: The protection of astronauts from space radiation is required on future exploratory class and long-duration missions. For the accurate projections of radiation doses, a solar cycle statistical model, which quantifies the progression level within the cycle, has been developed. The resultant future cycle projection is then applied to estimate the mean frequency of solar particle events (SPEs) in the near future using a power law function of sunspot number. Detailed temporal behaviors of the recent large event and two historically large events of the August 1972 SPE and the November 1960 SPE are analyzed for dose-rate and cumulative dose equivalent at sensitive organs. Polyethylene shielded “storm shelters” inside spacecraft are studied to limit astronauts’ total exposure at a sensitive site within 10cSv from a large event as a potential goal that fulfills the ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) requirement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RISK assessment
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Radiators
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - RADIATION dosimetry
N1  - Accession Number: 23210329; Kim, Myung-Hee Y. 1; Email Address: myung-hee.y.kim@nasa.gov Cucinotta, Francis A. 2 Wilson, John W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Wyle/HAC/37A, Wyle Laboratories, 1290 Hercules Dr., Houston, TX 77058  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 41 Issue 9/10, p1115; Subject Term: RISK assessment; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Radiators; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: RADIATION dosimetry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.11.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23210329&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saganti, Premkumar B.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Cleghorn, Timothy F.
AU  - Zeitlin, Cary J.
T1  - Model calculations of the particle spectrum of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment: Assessment with ACE/CRIS and MARIE measurements
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1152
EP  - 1157
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: For a given galactic cosmic ray (GCR) environment, understanding the distribution of the particle flux (protons, alpha particles, and heavy ions) in deep-space and on the surface of planetary systems such as Mars are essential for the risk assessment of future human exploration missions. In our model calculations, we make use of the NASA''s HZETRN (High and Energy Transport) code along with the nuclear fragmentation cross sections that are described by the quantum multiple scattering (QMSFRG) model with the time-dependant variation of the GCR environment derived making use of the solar modulation potential, phi. Data from the cosmic ray isotope spectrometer (CRIS) instrument onboard the advanced composition explorer (ACE) has been available from 1998. Data from the CRIS instrument is being analyzed to understand the short term variations in the particle spectrum during the current solar cycle phase. In this report, particle spectrum for December 2002 of the CRIS instrument was compared with the model calculations. Current assessment of the model calculations show very good agreement of the particle flux ( for low and for high ) data from Boron through Nickel nuclei for the energy bins reported by CRIS. Similarly, the model calculated dose–rate calculations are compared with the proton flux measured dose–rate from the Martian Radiation Environment Experiment (MARIE) currently onboard the 2001 Mars Odyssey spacecraft in Martian orbit for the month of August 2003 that is representative of a quiet-time GCR data at Mars. Current model calculations are well within 10% of the measured observations of MARIE. The predictive capabilities of the quiet-time GCR particle flux model calculations are promising for biological and shielding studies and for the radiation risk assessment for future human explorations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - NUCLEAR fragmentation
N1  - Accession Number: 23210335; Saganti, Premkumar B. 1; Email Address: pbsaganti@pvamu.edu Cucinotta, Francis A. 2 Wilson, John W. 3 Cleghorn, Timothy F. 2 Zeitlin, Cary J. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Center for Applied Radiation Research, Prairie View A& M University, TX-77446, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX-77058, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA-23681. USA  4: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA-94720, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 41 Issue 9/10, p1152; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fragmentation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2005.12.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huo, Winifred M.
AU  - Dateo, Christopher E.
AU  - Fletcher, Graham D.
T1  - Molecular data for a biochemical model of DNA damage: Electron impact ionization and dissociative ionization cross sections of DNA bases and sugar-phosphate backbone
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1202
EP  - 1208
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: As part of the database for building up a biochemical model of DNA radiation damage, electron impact ionization cross sections of sugar-phosphate backbone and DNA bases have been calculated using the improved binary-encounter dipole (iBED) model. It is found that the total ionization cross sections of - and -deoxyribose-phosphate, two conformers of the sugar-phosphate backbone, are close to each other. Furthermore, the sum of the ionization cross sections of the separate deoxyribose and phosphate fragments is in close agreement with the - and -deoxyribose-phosphate cross sections, differing by less than 10%, an indication that a building-up principle may be applicable. Of the four DNA bases, the ionization cross section of guanine is the largest, then in decreasing order, adenine, thymine, and cytosine. The order is in accordance with the known propensity of oxidation of the bases by ionizing radiation. Dissociative ionization (DI), a process that both ionizes and dissociates a molecule, is investigated for cytosine. The DI cross section for the formation of H and (cytosine-H1)+, with the cytosine ion losing H at the 1 position, is also reported. The threshold of this process is calculated to be 16.9eV. Detailed analysis of ionization products such as in DI is important to trace the sequential steps in the biochemical process of DNA damage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION injuries
KW  - ELECTRON impact ionization
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - PHOSPHATES
N1  - Accession Number: 23210340; Huo, Winifred M. 1; Email Address: whuo@mail.arc.nasa.gov Dateo, Christopher E. 2 Fletcher, Graham D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 41 Issue 9/10, p1202; Subject Term: RADIATION injuries; Subject Term: ELECTRON impact ionization; Subject Term: DNA damage; Subject Term: PHOSPHATES; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.04.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23210340&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Saganti, Premkumar
AU  - Hu, Xiaodong
AU  - Kim, Myung-Hee Y.
AU  - Cleghorn, Timothy
AU  - Zeitlin, Cary
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
T1  - Isotopic dependence of GCR fluence behind shielding
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2006/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1235
EP  - 1249
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: In this paper we consider the effects of the isotopic composition of the primary galactic cosmic rays (GCR), nuclear fragmentation cross sections, and isotopic-grid on the solution to transport models used for shielding studies. Satellite measurements are used to describe the isotopic composition of the GCR. For the nuclear interaction data-base and transport solution, we use the quantum multiple scattering theory of nuclear fragmentation (QMSFRG) and high-charge and energy (HZETRN) transport code, respectively. The QMSFRG model is shown to accurately describe existing fragmentation data including proper description of the odd–even effects as function of the iso-spin dependence on the projectile nucleus. The principle finding of this study is that large errors will occur in the mass-fluence spectra when comparing transport models that use a complete isotopic-grid ( ions) to ones that use a reduced isotopic-grid, for example the 59 ion-grid used in the HZETRN code in the past; however, less significant errors () occur in the elemental-fluence spectra. Because a complete isotopic-grid is readily handled on small computer workstations and is needed for several applications studying GCR propagation and scattering, it is recommended that they be used for future GCR studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - NUCLEAR fragmentation
KW  - SCATTERING (Mathematics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Nuclear fragmentation
KW  - Space radiation shielding
N1  - Accession Number: 23210344; Cucinotta, Francis A. 1; Email Address: Francis.A.Cucinotta@nasa.gov Wilson, John W. 2 Saganti, Premkumar 3 Hu, Xiaodong 1 Kim, Myung-Hee Y. 1 Cleghorn, Timothy 1 Zeitlin, Cary 4 Tripathi, Ram K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23664, USA  3: Prairie View A&M, Prairie View, TX 94720, USA  4: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 41 Issue 9/10, p1235; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fragmentation; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Mathematics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear fragmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation shielding; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2006.03.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferguson, Dale C.
AU  - Vayner, Boris V.
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
AU  - Hillard, G. Barry
AU  - Vaughn, Jason
AU  - Schneider, Todd
T1  - NASA GRC and MSFC Space Plasma Arc Testing Procedures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2006/10/02/Oct2006 Part 2 Of 4
VL  - 34
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1948
EP  - 1958
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Tests of arcing and current collection in simulated-space-plasma conditions have been performed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, OH, for over 30 years and at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, AL, for almost as long. During this period, proper test conditions for an accurate and meaningful space simulation have been worked out, comparisons with actual space performance in spaceflight tests and with real operational satellites have been made, and NASA has achieved the authors' own internal standards for test protocols. It is the purpose of this paper to communicate the test conditions, test procedures, and types of analysis used at the NASA GRC and MSFC to the space environmental testing community at large, to help with international space-plasma arcing-testing standardization. Discussed herein are the neutral gas conditions, plasma densities and uniformity, vacuum chamber sizes, sample sizes and Debye lengths, biasing samples versus self-generated voltages, floating samples versus grounded samples, test electrical conditions, arc detection, preventing sustained discharges during testing, real samples versus idealized samples, validity of low Earth orbit tests for geosynchronous Earth orbit samples, extracting arc threshold information from an arc rate versus voltage tests, snapover, current collection and glows at the positive sample bias, Kapton pyrolysis, thresholds for trigger arcs, sustained arcs, dielectric breakdown and Paschen discharge, tether arcing and testing in very dense plasmas (i.e., thruster plumes), arc mitigation strategies, charging mitigation strategies, models, and analysis of test results. Finally, the necessity of testing will be emphasized, not to the exclusion of modeling, but as part of a complete strategy for determining when and if arcs will occur, and preventing them from occurring in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PLASMA sheaths
KW  - TESTING
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - arc discharges
KW  - environmental testing
KW  - Index Terms-Aerospace simulation
KW  - plasma measurements
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23838594; Ferguson, Dale C. 1; Email Address: dale.c.ferguson@nasa.gov Vayner, Boris V. 2; Email Address: boris.v.vayner@nasa.gov Galofaro, Joel T. 3 Hillard, G. Barry 3; Email Address: grover.b.hillard@nasa.gov Vaughn, Jason 1 Schneider, Todd 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, OH 44142 USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Oct2006 Part 2 Of 4, Vol. 34 Issue 5, p1948; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PLASMA sheaths; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Author-Supplied Keyword: arc discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: environmental testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Index Terms-Aerospace simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma measurements; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2006.879093
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petukhov, A. G.
AU  - Osipov, V. V.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V. N.
T1  - Electronic control and readout of qubits based on single impurity states in semiconductors.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/10/09/
VL  - 89
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 153127
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The authors demonstrate that a semiconductor n+/i/n+ junction is the most suitable candidate for electronic control and readout of semiconductor qubits based on shallow impurities. Tuning of the doping levels in n+ regions and self-induced interface barriers ensure that an impurity atom placed in i region is populated with one electron in equilibrium. They analyze Li donors in Si and show that a large signal qubit readout can be realized via polarization selective photoexcitation of resonant cotunneling current through an excited impurity state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - ELECTRONIC control
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - ELECTRONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 22752249; Petukhov, A. G. 1; Email Address: andre.petukhov@sdsmt.edu Osipov, V. V. 2 Smelyanskiy, V. N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701  2: Mission Critical Technologies, Inc., El Segundo, California 90245 and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 10/9/2006, Vol. 89 Issue 15, p153127; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC control; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2362584
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22752249&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Udranszky, Ingrid A.
AU  - Kozak, Elena
AU  - Sunga, June
AU  - Kim, Stuart K.
AU  - Jacobson, Lewis A.
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
T1  - Delayed development and lifespan extension as features of metabolic lifestyle alteration in C. elegans under dietary restriction.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Biology
JF  - Journal of Experimental Biology
Y1  - 2006/10/15/
VL  - 209
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 4129
EP  - 4139
SN  - 00220949
AB  - Studies of the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans have almost exclusively utilized growth on a bacterial diet. Such culturing presents a challenge to automation of experimentation and introduces bacterial metabolism as a secondary concern in drug and environmental toxicology studies. Axenic cultivation of C. elegans can avoid these problems, yet past work suggests that axenic growth is unhealthy for C. elegans. Here we employ a chemically defined liquid medium to culture C. elegans and find development slows, fecundity declines, lifespan increases, lipid and protein stores decrease, and gene expression changes relative to that on a bacterial diet. These changes do not appear to be random pathologies associated with malnutrition, as there are no developmental delays associated with starvation, such as L1 or dauer diapause. Additionally, development and reproductive period are fixed percentages of lifespan regardless of diet, suggesting that these alterations are adaptive. We propose that C. elegans can exist as a healthy animal with at least two distinct adult life histories. One life history maximizes the intrinsic rate of population increase, the other maximizes the efficiency of exploitation of the carrying capacity of the environment. Microarray analysis reveals increased transcript levels of daf-16 and downstream targets and past experiments demonstrate that DAF-16 (FOXO) acting on downstream targets can influence all of the phenotypes we see altered in maintenance medium. Thus, life history alteration in response to diet may be modulated by DAF-16. Our observations introduce a powerful system for automation of experimentation on healthy C. elegans and for systematic analysis of the profound impact of diet on animal physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Biology is the property of Company of Biologists Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - BACTERIA -- Metabolism
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - LIPIDS
KW  - NUTRITION
KW  - LIFE spans (Biology)
KW  - aging
KW  - axenic animals
KW  - growth and development
KW  - health
KW  - life style
N1  - Accession Number: 23311025; Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. 1,2; Email Address: nate@alumni.cmu.edu Udranszky, Ingrid A. 3 Kozak, Elena 1 Sunga, June 1 Kim, Stuart K. 4 Jacobson, Lewis A. 2 Conley, Catharine A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA  3: Wyle Laboratories, M/S 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 209 Issue 20, p4129; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: BACTERIA -- Metabolism; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Subject Term: NUTRITION; Subject Term: LIFE spans (Biology); Author-Supplied Keyword: aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: axenic animals; Author-Supplied Keyword: growth and development; Author-Supplied Keyword: health; Author-Supplied Keyword: life style; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1242/jeb.02492
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23311025&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Guofeng
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Tewari, Surendra N.
T1  - Emission spectroscopy analysis for the non-destructive evaluation of the health of thermal barrier coatings.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2006/10/15/
VL  - 41
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 6855
EP  - 6860
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Lithium oxide was selected as an emission spectroscopic marker in yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). The spectral response of excited lithium atoms from dip-coated YSZ containing 5, 3, 1, and 0.3 wt.% lithium oxide and plasma-sprayed YSZ containing 1 wt% lithium oxide was examined under an oxy-acetylene flame. Results showed that the intensity of lithium emission spectrum is a function of the concentration of lithium oxide in the YSZ, the flame temperature, and the degree of TBC degradation. It indicates that an emission spectroscopy can be used to monitor the degradation of TBCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - LITHIUM
KW  - YTTRIUM alloys
KW  - OXYGEN -- Industrial applications
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 23460760; Chen, Guofeng 1; Email Address: gfchen@gmail.com Lee, Kang N. 1,2 Tewari, Surendra N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Chemical Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 41 Issue 20, p6855; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LITHIUM; Subject Term: YTTRIUM alloys; Subject Term: OXYGEN -- Industrial applications; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-006-0945-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, W.
AU  - Shabanov, N.V.
AU  - Huang, D.
AU  - Wang, W.
AU  - Dickinson, R.E.
AU  - Nemani, R.R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Y.
AU  - Myneni, R.B.
T1  - Analysis of leaf area index products from combination of MODIS Terra and Aqua data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2006/10/15/
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 312
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: A prototype product suite, containing the Terra 8-day, Aqua 8-day, Terra–Aqua combined 8- and 4-day products, was generated as part of testing for the next version (Collection 5) of the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) leaf area index (LAI) products. These products were analyzed for consistency between Terra and Aqua retrievals over the following data subsets in North America: single 8-day composite over the whole continent and annual time series over three selected MODIS tiles (1200×1200 km). The potential for combining retrievals from the two sensors to derive improved products by reducing the impact of environmental conditions and temporal compositing period was also explored. The results suggest no significant discrepancies between large area (from continent to MODIS tile) averages of the Terra and Aqua 8-day LAI and surface reflectances products. The differences over smaller regions, however, can be large due to the random nature of residual atmospheric effects. High quality retrievals from the radiative transfer based algorithm can be expected in 90–95% of the pixels with mostly herbaceous cover and about 50–75% of the pixels with woody vegetation during the growing season. The quality of retrievals during the growing season is mostly restricted by aerosol contamination of the MODIS data. The Terra–Aqua combined 8-day product helps to minimize this effect and increases the number of high quality retrievals by 10–20% over woody vegetation. The combined 8-day product does not improve the number of high quality retrievals during the winter period because the extent of snow contamination of Terra and Aqua observations is similar. Likewise, cloud contamination in the single-sensor and combined products is also similar. The LAI magnitudes, seasonal profiles and retrieval quality in the combined 4-day product are comparable to those in the single-sensor 8-day products. Thus, the combined 4-day product doubles the temporal resolution of the seasonal cycle, which facilitates phenology monitoring in application studies during vegetation transition periods. Both Terra and Aqua LAI products show anomalous seasonality in boreal needle leaf forests, due to limitations of the radiative transfer algorithm to model seasonal variations of MODIS surface reflectance data with respect to solar zenith angle. Finally, this study suggests that further improvement of the MODIS LAI products is mainly restricted by the accuracy of the MODIS observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - Aqua
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Terra
N1  - Accession Number: 22474822; Yang, W. 1; Email Address: ywze@crsa.bu.edu Shabanov, N.V. 1 Huang, D. 1 Wang, W. 1 Dickinson, R.E. 2 Nemani, R.R. 3 Knyazikhin, Y. 1 Myneni, R.B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 104 Issue 3, p297; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.04.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, P.
AU  - Gallien, J.-P.
AU  - Khodja, H.
AU  - Daudin, L.
AU  - Berger, M.-H.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Nuclear microprobe local hydrogen measurements in HTPC
JO  - Solid State Ionics
JF  - Solid State Ionics
Y1  - 2006/10/15/
VL  - 177
IS  - 19-25
M3  - Article
SP  - 1655
EP  - 1658
SN  - 01672738
AB  - Abstract: High-temperature protonic conducting ceramics (HTPC) exhibit promising protonic conductivities at intermediate temperatures (400–600 °C), with a potential for a broad range of practical applications: electrolytes in electrochemical cells, batteries, sensors, etc. A balance still has to be found between high protonic conductivity and chemical stability in a wet environment. In addition to bulk conductivity measurements, local investigations of protonic transport are recommended to evidence limitations induced by their microstructure, such as the role of grain boundaries or intergranular secondary phases. Methods for local hydrogen concentration measurement with spatial resolution at the micrometer level are scarce. The nuclear microanalysis meets this demand. We report here the first application of a nuclear microprobe technique to the study of HTPC perovskites, synthesized according to a melt-process developed at NASA GRC. Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) combined with Rutherford back-scattering (RBS) was first exploited for perovskites containing very low hydrogen contents. A less common method has been developed for thin samples which utilized 1H(p,p)1H forward scattering with coincidence detection (ERCS). From the broad compositional and structural range of perovskites, we have limited our efforts to SrCe0.9Y0.1O3−δ  and Sr3Ca1+x Nb1.82O9−δ , compositions which represent simple and complex perovskite structures, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid State Ionics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - OXIDE minerals
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - Forward scattering
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Nuclear microprobe
KW  - Perovskite
N1  - Accession Number: 22833077; Berger, P. 1; Email Address: pascal.berger@cea.fr Gallien, J.-P. 1 Khodja, H. 1 Daudin, L. 1 Berger, M.-H. 2 Sayir, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire Pierre SÜE (CEA/CNRS), CEA/SACLAY 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France  2: Ecole des Mines de Paris, Centre P.M Fourt, BP 87 91003 Evry Cedex, France  3: NASA Glenn Research Center / C.W.R.U. 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 177 Issue 19-25, p1655; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: OXIDE minerals; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forward scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear microprobe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perovskite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.05.050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xi  Liu
AU  - Terry  P. Bigioni
AU  - Yuan  Xu
AU  - Alan  M. Cassell
AU  - Brett  A. Cruden
T1  - Vertically Aligned Dense Carbon Nanotube Growth with Diameter Control by Block Copolymer Micelle Catalyst Templates.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2006/10/19/
VL  - 110
IS  - 41
M3  - Article
SP  - 20102
EP  - 20106
SN  - 15206106
AB  - We have grown a dense array of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a controlled distribution of diameters by using block copolymer micelles to form and pattern catalyst particles. The block copolymer poly(styrene-block-acrylic acid) (PS16500−PAA4500) was dissolved in toluene to form micelles and then loaded with FeCl3. The metal-loaded micelles were spin-coated on Si and then thermally treated to remove the polymer. Using this process, we produced surfaces patterned with iron oxide catalyst particles with particle densities ranging from 1400 m-2to 3800 m-2and a size distribution of (6.9 ± 0.8) nm. CNT growth by thermal chemical vapor deposition was then performed on these samples. The low-density catalyst sample produced unaligned, low-density CNTs, whereas the high-density catalyst sample produced vertically aligned, dense CNTs about 10 m in length. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the CNTs typically had double and triple graphitic layers with normally distributed diameters of (4.5 ± 1.1) nm. For comparison, CNTs grown from the standard approach of blanket Fe films had a wide distribution of diameters between 6 and 21 nm. This catalyst preparation approach dramatically sharpens the size distribution of CNTs, compared to standard approaches, and provides a simple means of controlling the areal density of CNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLOCK copolymers
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 22771327; Xi  Liu 1 Terry  P. Bigioni 1 Yuan  Xu 1 Alan  M. Cassell 1 Brett  A. Cruden 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames University Affiliated Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center,Mail Stop 223-2, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 110 Issue 41, p20102; Subject Term: BLOCK copolymers; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Navarro-Gonzâlez, Rafael
AU  - Navarro, Karma F.
AU  - De la Rosa, José
AU  - Iñiguez, Enrique
AU  - Molina, Paola
AU  - Miranda, Luis D.
AU  - Morales, Pedro
AU  - Cienfuegos, Edith
AU  - Coll, Patrice
AU  - Raulinm, François
AU  - Amils, Ricardo
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - The limitations on organic detection in Mars-like soils by thermal volatilization—gas chromatography—MS and their implications for the Viking results.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2006/10/31/
VL  - 103
IS  - 44
M3  - Article
SP  - 16089
EP  - 16094
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The failure of Viking Lander thermal volatilization (TV) (without or with thermal degradation)-gas chromatography (GC)-MS experiments to detect organics suggests chemical rather than biological interpretations for the reactivity of the martian soil. Here, we report that TV-GC-MS may be blind to low levels of organics on Mars. A comparison between TV-GC-MS and total organics has been conducted for a variety of Mars analog soils. In the Antarctic Dry Valleys and the Atacama and Libyan Deserts we find 10–90 μg of refractory or graphitic carbon per gram of soil, which would have been undetectable by the Viking TV-GC-MS. In iron-containing soils (jarosites from Rio Tinto and Panoche Valley) and the Mars simulant (palogonite), oxidation of the organic material to carbon dioxide (CO2) by iron oxides and/or their salts drastically attenuates the detection of organics. The release of 50–700 ppm of CO2 by TV-GC-MS in the Viking analysis may indicate that an oxidation of organic material took place. Therefore, the martian surface could have several orders of magnitude more organics than the stated Viking detection limit. Because of the simplicity of sample handling, TV-GC-MS is still considered the standard method for organic detection on future Mars missions. We suggest that the design of future organic instruments for Mars should include other methods to be able to detect extinct and/or extant life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS chromatography
KW  - IRON oxides
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - LIBYAN Desert
KW  - LIBYA
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - deserts
KW  - detection of organics
KW  - extreme environments
KW  - search for martian life
N1  - Accession Number: 23258986; Navarro-Gonzâlez, Rafael 1; Email Address: navarro@nucleares.unam.mx Navarro, Karma F. 1 De la Rosa, José 1 Iñiguez, Enrique 1 Molina, Paola 1 Miranda, Luis D. 2 Morales, Pedro 3 Cienfuegos, Edith 3 Coll, Patrice 4 Raulinm, François 4 Amils, Ricardo 5 McKay, Christopher P. 6; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Quimica de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, P.O. Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico  2: Institutos de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, P.O. Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico  3: Institutos de Geologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, P.O. Box 70-543, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico  4: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systëmes Atmosphériques, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7583, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paris 12-Val de Marne and Université Paris 7-Denis Diderot, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle 94010, Créteil Cedex, France  5: Centro de Astrobiología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas/Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, Spain  6: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Source Info: 10/31/2006, Vol. 103 Issue 44, p16089; Subject Term: GAS chromatography; Subject Term: IRON oxides; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Subject Term: LIBYAN Desert; Subject Term: LIBYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: deserts; Author-Supplied Keyword: detection of organics; Author-Supplied Keyword: extreme environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: search for martian life; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0604210103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, Marie-Helene
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Dynys, Fred
AU  - Berger, Pascal
T1  - Microstructural and electrical characterisation of melt grown high temperature protonic conductors
JO  - Solid State Ionics
JF  - Solid State Ionics
Y1  - 2006/10/31/
VL  - 177
IS  - 26-32
M3  - Article
SP  - 2339
EP  - 2345
SN  - 01672738
AB  - Abstract: High temperature protonic conductors of SrCe1−x Y x O3−δ  and Sr3Ca1+x Nb2−x O9−δ  were fabricated by directional solidification to produce model microstructures. Elongated cells exhibited 〈100〉 direction parallel to the growth axis; low degree of disorientation was observed between the cells. In the simple perovskite SrCe1−x Y x O3−δ  aluminum contamination caused the formation of intergranular second phase. Nuclear microprobe revealed that the second phase was enriched with hydrogen. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that the protons at grain boundaries have a lower mobility than within the cells. The cation distribution was not uniform in the complex perovskite. Inverse gradients in Ca2+ and Nb5+ were observed from the core to the shell of the cells. The Nb5+ substitution decreased from x =0.12 at the core to 0.07 at the shell. Higher Nb5+/Ca2+ ratio at the shell decreased the protonic conductivity. Nanodomain were observed in both perovskite compositions; they differentiate by a 90° rotation of the direction of oxygen cage tilting. In the complex perovskite, stoichiometric domains with an ordered distribution of Nb5+ and Ca2+ were surrounded by nonstoichiometric domains with a random distribution of these cations. Further work and analyses are required to understand the mechanism of proton transfer within domains and across domain interfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid State Ionics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - MATTER -- Constitution
KW  - Directional solidification
KW  - High temperature protonic conductors
KW  - Impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Nanodomains
N1  - Accession Number: 22936373; Berger, Marie-Helene 1; Email Address: marie-helene.berger@ensmp.fr Sayir, Ali 2,3 Dynys, Fred 2 Berger, Pascal 4; Affiliation:  1: Ecole des Mines de Paris, Centre des Matériaux, Evry, France  2: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA  4: Laboratoire Pierre Sue, CEA CNRS, Saclay, France; Source Info: Oct2006, Vol. 177 Issue 26-32, p2339; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MATTER -- Constitution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directional solidification; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature protonic conductors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impedance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanodomains; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.04.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Wilson, Jack
AU  - Wernet, Mark P.
AU  - Paxson, Daniel E.
T1  - Vortex Rings Generated by a Shrouded Hartmann--Sprenger Tube.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2706
EP  - 2706
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The pulsed flow emitted from a shrouded Hartmann-Sprenger tube was sampled with high-frequency pressure transducers and with digital particle image velocimetry, and found to consist of a train of vortices. The mass flow was also monitored using an orifice meter. The tube and shroud lengths were altered to give four different operating frequencies. From the data, the radius, velocity, and circulation of the vortex rings were obtained. Each frequency corresponded to a different value of the slug length to diameter ratio. The slug length is the length of the volume of air emitted from the tube on each pulse. A modified version of the slug model of vortex ring formation was used to compare the observations with calculated values. Because the flow exit area is an annulus, vorticity is shed at both the inner and outer edge of the jet. However, the vorticity shed at the inner edge seems not to affect the circulation in the ring. The value of ring circulation obtained from digital particle image velocimetry did not agree with values calculated from the slug model, leading to a discrepancy between measured and calculated vortex ring velocity. The vortex ring radius, which does not depend on the circulation, does agree with a prediction from the slug model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - VORTEX tubes
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement
KW  - RING formation (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 23240554; Wilson, Jack 1,2 Wernet, Mark P. 2,3 Paxson, Daniel E. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p2706; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: VORTEX tubes; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: RING formation (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.2514/1.17560
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Greenblatt, David
T1  - Managing Flap Vortices via Separation Control.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2755
EP  - 2755
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A pilot study was conducted on a flapped semispan model to investigate the concept and viability of near-wake vortex management by means of boundary layer separation control. Passive control was achieved using a simple fairing and active control was achieved via zero mass-flux blowing slots. Vortex sheet strength, estimated by integrating surface pressures, was used to predict vortex characteristics based on inviscid roll-up relations and vortices trailing the flaps were mapped using a seven-hole probe. Separation control was found to have a marked effect on vortex location, strength, tangential velocity, axial velocity, and size over a wide range of angles of attack and control conditions. In general, the vortex trends were well predicted by the inviscid roll-up relations. Manipulation of the separated flow near the flap edges exerted significant control over either outboard or inboard edge vortices while producing small lift and moment excursions. In summary, separation control has the potential for application to time-independent or time-dependent wake alleviation schemes, where the latter can be deployed to minimize adverse effects on ride-quality and dynamic structural loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - SURFACES (Geometry)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 23240566; Greenblatt, David 1,2; Email Address: david.greenblatt@pi.tu-berlin.de; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p2755; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: SURFACES (Geometry); Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.2514/1.19664
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaneko, Hideaki
AU  - Bey, Kim S.
AU  - Hou, Gene J.W.
T1  - Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for parabolic problems
JO  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
JF  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 182
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 388
EP  - 402
SN  - 00963003
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, we develop a time and its corresponding spatial discretization scheme, based upon the assumption of a certain weak singularity of , for the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for one-dimensional parabolic problems. Optimal convergence rates in both time and spatial variables are obtained. A discussion of automatic time-step control method is also included. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Mathematics & Computation is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin method
KW  - Parabolic equations
N1  - Accession Number: 23163993; Kaneko, Hideaki 1; Email Address: hkaneko@odu.edu Bey, Kim S. 2 Hou, Gene J.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0077, United States  2: Thermal Structures Branch Structure Division NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, United States  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA 23529, United States; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 182 Issue 1, p388; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parabolic equations; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.amc.2006.02.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mengshoel, Ole J.
AU  - Wilkins, David C.
AU  - Roth, Dan
T1  - Controlled generation of hard and easy Bayesian networks: Impact on maximal clique size in tree clustering
JO  - Artificial Intelligence
JF  - Artificial Intelligence
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 170
IS  - 16/17
M3  - Article
SP  - 1137
EP  - 1174
SN  - 00043702
AB  - Abstract: This article presents and analyzes algorithms that systematically generate random Bayesian networks of varying difficulty levels, with respect to inference using tree clustering. The results are relevant to research on efficient Bayesian network inference, such as computing a most probable explanation or belief updating, since they allow controlled experimentation to determine the impact of improvements to inference algorithms. The results are also relevant to research on machine learning of Bayesian networks, since they support controlled generation of a large number of data sets at a given difficulty level. Our generation algorithms, called BPART and MPART, support controlled but random construction of bipartite and multipartite Bayesian networks. The Bayesian network parameters that we vary are the total number of nodes, degree of connectivity, the ratio of the number of non-root nodes to the number of root nodes, regularity of the underlying graph, and characteristics of the conditional probability tables. The main dependent parameter is the size of the maximal clique as generated by tree clustering. This article presents extensive empirical analysis using the Hugin tree clustering approach as well as theoretical analysis related to the random generation of Bayesian networks using BPART and MPART. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Intelligence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - REASONING (Logic)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - -ratio
KW  - Bayesian networks
KW  - Controlled experiments
KW  - Maximal clique size
KW  - Probabilistic reasoning
KW  - Random generation
KW  - Tree clustering inference
N1  - Accession Number: 23051146; Mengshoel, Ole J. 1; Email Address: omengshoel@riacs.edu Wilkins, David C. 2; Email Address: dwilkins@stanford.edu Roth, Dan 3; Email Address: danr@cs.uiuc.edu; Affiliation:  1: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  3: Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, 201 N. Goodwin, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 170 Issue 16/17, p1137; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: REASONING (Logic); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: -ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Controlled experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maximal clique size; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic reasoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Random generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tree clustering inference; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.artint.2006.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
AU  - Sankar, Bhavani V.
T1  - Preface
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 66
IS  - 14
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 2381
EP  - 2382
SN  - 02663538
N1  - Accession Number: 21830191; Gates, Thomas S. 1 Sankar, Bhavani V. 2; Email Address: sankar@ufl.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA Tel.: +1 352 392 6749; fax: +1 352 392 7303; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 66 Issue 14, p2381; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.01.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chamis, C.C.
AU  - Abumeri, G.H.
T1  - Simulated data for high temperature composite design
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 66
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2395
EP  - 2401
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: The paper describes an effective formal method that can be used to simulate design properties for composites that is inclusive of all the effects that influence those properties. This effective simulation method is integrated computer codes that include composite micromechanics, composite macromechanics, laminate theory, structural analysis, and multi-factor interaction model. Demonstration of the method includes sample examples for static, thermal, and fracture reliability for a unidirectional metal matrix composite as well as rupture strength and fatigue strength for a high temperature super alloy. Typical results obtained for a unidirectional composite show that the thermal properties are more sensitive to internal local damage, the longitudinal properties degrade slowly with temperature, the transverse and shear properties degrade rapidly with temperature as do rupture strength and fatigue strength for super alloys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - CHROMIUM-cobalt-nickel-molybdenum alloys
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Mechanical
KW  - Rupture
KW  - Static
KW  - Thermal
N1  - Accession Number: 21830193; Chamis, C.C. 1; Email Address: Christos.C.Chamis@nasa.gov Abumeri, G.H. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Research and Technology, 21000 Brookpark Road – MS 49-7, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: QSS Group, Inc. Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 66 Issue 14, p2395; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: CHROMIUM-cobalt-nickel-molybdenum alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rupture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Static; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.03.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
AU  - Su, Xiaofeng
AU  - Abdi, Frank
AU  - Odegard, Gregory M.
AU  - Herring, Helen M.
T1  - Facesheet delamination of composite sandwich materials at cryogenic temperatures
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 66
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2423
EP  - 2435
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: A new, novel test method, associated analysis, and experimental procedures are developed to investigate the toughness of the facesheet-to-core interface of a sandwich material at cryogenic temperatures. The test method is designed to simulate the failure mode associated with facesheet debonding due to high levels of gas pressure in the honeycomb core. The effects of specimen orientation are considered, and the results of toughness measurements are presented. Comparisons are made between room and cryogenic test temperatures. It was determined that the test method is insensitive to specimen facesheet orientation and strain energy release rate increases with a decrease in the test temperature. A reasonable agreement between test and simulation was achieved at both temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - TEST methods
KW  - HONEYCOMBS
KW  - METHODS engineering
KW  - C. Delamination
KW  - Composites
KW  - Cryogenic temperature
KW  - Launch vehicle
KW  - Sandwich material
N1  - Accession Number: 21830197; Gates, Thomas S. 1; Email Address: t.s.gates@larc.nasa.gov Su, Xiaofeng 2 Abdi, Frank 2 Odegard, Gregory M. 3 Herring, Helen M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: Alpha Star Corporation, 5199 East Pacific Coast Highway, Long Beach, CA 90804, United States  3: Michigan Technical University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, United States; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 66 Issue 14, p2423; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: TEST methods; Subject Term: HONEYCOMBS; Subject Term: METHODS engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Launch vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich material; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.01.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, John T.
AU  - Poe, Clarence C.
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
AU  - Sleight, David W.
T1  - Residual strength prediction of damaged composite fuselage panel with R-curve method
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 66
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2557
EP  - 2565
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: This study applies the crack growth resistance curve (R-curve) method to predict the residual strength of a composite fuselage panel with discrete source damage. The R-curve is constructed from the energy release rates computed from cracked tensile plate test specimens at their failure loads. To predict the residual strength of a curved fuselage panel with discrete source damage using the R-curve method, G-curves of the energy release rate of the damaged fuselage panel need to be established. These G-curves are generated for various fuselage pressures over a range of crack lengths. Since this study found that the membrane stiffening effect could significantly reduce the energy release rate at the crack tip of a pressurized fuselage, geometrically nonlinear behavior was considered in the calculations. The residual strength of the damaged fuselage panel was determined by comparing the energy release rates with the “allowable-like” R-curve. The correlation between the crack growth predictions and the damage progression results obtained from experiments is very good. Therefore, the R-curve method has the potential to be a practical engineering method for predicting the residual strength of damaged fuselage panels. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - R-curves
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - A. Composites
KW  - B. Strength
KW  - C. Damage tolerance
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
N1  - Accession Number: 21830211; Wang, John T.; Email Address: john.t.wang@nasa.gov Poe, Clarence C. 1 Ambur, Damodar R. 1 Sleight, David W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 66 Issue 14, p2557; Subject Term: R-curves; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Damage tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.01.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ewing, Stephanie A.
AU  - Sutter, Brad
AU  - Owen, Justine
AU  - Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
AU  - Sharp, Warren
AU  - Cliff, Steven S.
AU  - Perry, Kevin
AU  - Dietrich, William
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Amundson, Ronald
T1  - A threshold in soil formation at Earth’s arid–hyperarid transition
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 70
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 5293
EP  - 5322
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The soils of the Atacama Desert in northern Chile have long been known to contain large quantities of unusual salts, yet the processes that form these soils are not yet fully understood. We examined the morphology and geochemistry of soils on post-Miocene fans and stream terraces along a south-to-north (27° to 24° S) rainfall transect that spans the arid to hyperarid transition (21 to ∼2mm rain y−1). Landform ages are ⩾2 My based on cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations in surface boulders, and Ar isotopes in interbedded volcanic ash deposits near the driest site indicate a maximum age of 2.1My. A chemical mass balance analysis that explicitly accounts for atmospheric additions was used to quantify net changes in mass and volume as a function of rainfall. In the arid (21mmrainy−1) soil, total mass loss to weathering of silicate alluvium and dust (−1030kgm−2) is offset by net addition of salts (+170kgm−2). The most hyperarid soil has accumulated 830kgm−2 of atmospheric salts (including 260kg sulfate m−2 and 90kgchloridem−2), resulting in unusually high volumetric expansion (120%) for a soil of this age. The composition of both airborne particles and atmospheric deposition in passive traps indicates that the geochemistry of the driest soil reflects accumulated atmospheric influxes coupled with limited in-soil chemical transformation and loss. Long-term rates of atmospheric solute addition were derived from the ion inventories in the driest soil, divided by the landform age, and compared to measured contemporary rates. With decreasing rainfall, the soil salt inventories increase, and the retained salts are both more soluble and present at shallower depths. All soils generally exhibit vertical variation in their chemistry, suggesting slow and stochastic downward water movement, and greater climate variability over the past 2My than is reflected in recent (∼100y) rainfall averages. The geochemistry of these soils shows that the transition from arid to hyperarid rainfall levels marks a fundamental geochemical threshold: in wetter soils, the rate and character of chemical weathering results in net mass loss and associated volumetric collapse after 105 to 106 years, while continuous accumulation of atmospheric solutes in hyperarid soils over similar timescales results in dramatic volumetric expansion. The specific geochemistry of hyperarid soils is a function of atmospheric sources, and is expected to vary accordingly at other hyperarid sites. This work identifies key processes in hyperarid soil formation that are likely to be independent of location, and suggests that analogous processes may occur on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL formation
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
N1  - Accession Number: 22944269; Ewing, Stephanie A. 1; Email Address: saewing@nature.berkeley.edu Sutter, Brad 2 Owen, Justine 1 Nishiizumi, Kunihiko 3 Sharp, Warren 4 Cliff, Steven S. 5 Perry, Kevin 6 Dietrich, William 7 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Amundson, Ronald 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Ecosystem Sciences, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Berkeley Geochronology Center, 2455 Ridge Rd., Berkeley, CA 94709, USA  5: Department of Applied Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA  6: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McCone Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 70 Issue 21, p5293; Subject Term: SOIL formation; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2006.08.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schiffman, Peter
AU  - Zierenberg, Robert
AU  - Marks, Naomi
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Dyar, M. Darby
T1  - Acid-fog deposition at Kilauea volcano: A possible mechanism for the formation of siliceous-sulfate rock coatings on Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 34
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 921
EP  - 924
SN  - 00917613
AB  - On the summit of Kilauea volcano, sulfur dioxide, which is continuously emitted from Halemaumau crater and rapidly sequestered into sulfuric-acid-rich aerosol entrained in the prevailing trade winds, is subsequently precipitated as acid fog immediately downwind from Kilauea caldera in the Kau Desert. The characteristic pH of surface tephra deposits is <4.0 in Sand Wash, a region of nearly continuous, acidic aerosol fallout immediately southwest of the caldera. Vertical exposures of unconsolidated tephras of the Keanakakoi Ash found within fissures and small, dry gullies are coated with thin rock coatings of amorphous silica and jarosite. These rock coatings are formed via an evaporative mechanism whereby acidic pore fluids, circulating in the upper few meters within the highly porous tephra, are wicked toward the walls of the gullies. Geochemical modeling of the rock coating formation process implies that the sulfate formation via evaporation occurs subsequent to minimal interaction of acidic pore fluids with the basaltic tephra. This also suggests that the cycle from acid-fog fallout to precipitation of the siliceous-sulfate rock coatings must occur quite rapidly. Acid-fog deposition of sulfate and silica at Kilauea may provide one mechanism for the origin of jarosite-bearing outcrops on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOG
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - SULFUR dioxide
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - VOLCANIC gases
KW  - SILICEOUS rocks
KW  - FORMATIONS (Geology)
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - KILAUEA Volcano (Hawaii)
KW  - HAWAII
KW  - amorphous silica
KW  - jarosite
KW  - Kilauea
KW  - Mars
KW  - rock coatings
KW  - weathering
N1  - Accession Number: 22979823; Schiffman, Peter 1 Zierenberg, Robert 1 Marks, Naomi 1 Bishop, Janice L. 2 Dyar, M. Darby 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, 95616 California, USA  2: The SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, 515 N. Whisman Rd., Mountain View, California, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 34 Issue 11, p921; Subject Term: FOG; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: VOLCANIC gases; Subject Term: SILICEOUS rocks; Subject Term: FORMATIONS (Geology); Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: KILAUEA Volcano (Hawaii); Subject Term: HAWAII; Author-Supplied Keyword: amorphous silica; Author-Supplied Keyword: jarosite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kilauea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: rock coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: weathering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G22620A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quintana, Elisa V.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Terrestrial planet formation surrounding close binary stars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 185
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Most stars reside in binary/multiple star systems; however, previous models of planet formation have studied growth of bodies orbiting an isolated single star. Disk material has been observed around both components of some young close binary star systems. Additionally, it has been shown that if planets form at the right places within such disks, they can remain dynamically stable for very long times. Herein, we numerically simulate the late stages of terrestrial planet growth in circumbinary disks around ‘close’ binary star systems with stellar separations and binary eccentricities . In each simulation, the sum of the masses of the two stars is 1 , and giant planets are included. The initial disk of planetary embryos is the same as that used for simulating the late stages of terrestrial planet formation within our Solar System by Chambers [Chambers, J.E., 2001. Icarus 152, 205–224], and around each individual component of the α Centauri AB binary star system by Quintana et al. [Quintana, E.V., Lissauer, J.J., Chambers, J.E., Duncan, M.J., 2002. Astrophys. J. 576, 982–996]. Multiple simulations are performed for each binary star system under study, and our results are statistically compared to a set of planet formation simulations in the Sun–Jupiter–Saturn system that begin with essentially the same initial disk of protoplanets. The planetary systems formed around binaries with apastron distances are very similar to those around single stars, whereas those with larger maximum separations tend to be sparcer, with fewer planets, especially interior to 1 AU. We also provide formulae that can be used to scale results of planetary accretion simulations to various systems with different total stellar mass, disk sizes, and planetesimal masses and densities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Planetary formation
KW  - Terrestrial planets
N1  - Accession Number: 22595729; Quintana, Elisa V.; Email Address: equintan@pollack.arc.nasa.gov Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 185 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial planets; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.06.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Markus, Thorsten
AU  - Cavalieri, Donald J.
AU  - Gasiewski, Albin J.
AU  - Klein, Marian
AU  - Maslanik, James A.
AU  - Powell, Dylan C.
AU  - Stankov, B. Boba
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne C.
AU  - Sturm, Matthew
T1  - Microwave Signatures of Snow on Sea Ice: Observations.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3081
EP  - 3090
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Part of the Earth Observing System Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) Arctic sea ice validation campaign in March 2003 was dedicated to the validation of snow depth on sea ice and ice temperature products. The difficulty with validating these two variables is that neither can currently be measured other than in situ. For this reason, two aircraft flights on March 13 and 19, 2003, were dedicated to these products, and flight lines were coordinated with in situ measurements of snow and sea ice physical properties. One flight was in the vicinity of Barrow, AK, covering Elson Lagoon and the adjacent Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. The other flight was farther north in the Beaufort Sea (about 730 N, 147.5° W) and was coordinated with a Navy ice camp. The results confirm the AMSR-E snow depth algorithm and its coefficients for first-year ice when it is relatively smooth. For rough first-year ice and for multiyear ice, there is still a relationship between the spectral gradient ratio of 19 and 37 GHz, but a different set of algorithm coefficients is necessary. Comparisons using other AMSR-E channels did not provide a clear signature of sea ice characteristics and, hence, could not provide guidance for the choice of algorithm coefficients. The limited comparison of in situ snow-ice interface and surface temperatures with 6-GHz brightness temperatures, which are used for the retrieval of ice temperature, shows that the 6-GHz temperature is correlated with the snow-ice interface temperature to only a limited extent. For strong temperature gradients within the snow layer, it is clear that the 6-GHz temperature is a weighted average of the entire snow layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE devices
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - ICE navigation
KW  - SNOW
KW  - Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR)
KW  - passive microwave
KW  - sea ice
KW  - snow on sea ice
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 23154478; Markus, Thorsten 1; Email Address: Thorsten.Markus@nasa.gov Cavalieri, Donald J. 2 Gasiewski, Albin J. 3 Klein, Marian 4 Maslanik, James A. 5 Powell, Dylan C. 6,7 Stankov, B. Boba 8 Stroeve, Julienne C. 9 Sturm, Matthew 10; Affiliation:  1: Hydrospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  3: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA  4: Environmental Technology Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305 USA  5: Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA  6: Department of Physics and the Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 20715 USA  7: Earth observing Systems, Lockheed Martin, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA  8: Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305 USA  9: National Show and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA  10: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory-Alaska, Fort Wainwright, AK 99703 USA; Source Info: Nov2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p3081; Subject Term: MICROWAVE devices; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: ICE navigation; Subject Term: SNOW; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR); Author-Supplied Keyword: passive microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: snow on sea ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.883134
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23154478&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stroeve, Julienne C.
AU  - Markus, Thorsten
AU  - Maslanik, James A.
AU  - Cavalieri, Donald J.
AU  - Gasiewski, Albin J.
AU  - Heinrichs, John F.
AU  - Holmgren, Jon
AU  - Perovich, Donald K.
AU  - Sturm, Matthew
T1  - Impact of Surface Roughness on AMSR-E Sea Ice Products.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3103
EP  - 3117
SN  - 01962892
AB  - This paper examines the sensitivity of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) brightness temperatures (Tbs) to surface roughness by a using radiative transfer model to simulate AMSR-E Tbs as a function of incidence angle at which the surface is viewed. The simulated Tbs are then used to examine the influence that surface roughness has on two operational sea ice algorithms, namely: 1) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Team (NT) algorithm and 2) the enhanced NT algorithm, as well as the impact of roughness on the AMSR-E snow depth algorithm. Surface snow and ice data collected during the AMSR-Ice03 field campaign held in March 2003 near Barrow, AK, were used to force the radiative transfer model, and resultant modeled Tbs are compared with airborne passive microwave observations from the Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer. Results indicate that passive microwave Tbs are very sensitive even to small variations in incidence angle, which can cause either an over- or underestimation of the true amount of sea ice in the pixel area viewed. For example, this paper showed that if the sea ice areas modeled in this paper were assumed to be completely smooth, sea ice concentrations were underestimated by nearly 14% using the NT sea ice algorithm and by 7% using the enhanced NT algorithm. A comparison of polarization ratios (PRs) at 10.7, 18.7, and 37 GHz indicates that each channel responds to different degrees of surface roughness and suggests that the PR at 10.7 GHz can be useful for identifying locations of heavily ridged or rubbled ice. Using the PR at 10.7 GHz to derive an "effective" viewing angle, which is used as a proxy for surface roughness, resulted in more accurate retrievals of sea ice concentration for both algorithms. The AMSR-E snow depth algorithm was found to be extremely sensitive to instrument calibration and sensor viewing angle, and it is concluded that more work is needed to investigate the sensitivity of the gradient ratio at 37 and 18.7 GHz to these factors to improve snow depth retrievals from spaceborne passive microwave sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE devices
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY
KW  - ICE navigation
KW  - ICE
KW  - Passive microwave
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - sea ice
N1  - Accession Number: 23154480; Stroeve, Julienne C. 1; Email Address: stroeve@kodiak.colorado.edu Markus, Thorsten 2 Maslanik, James A. 3 Cavalieri, Donald J. 2 Gasiewski, Albin J. 4 Heinrichs, John F. 5 Holmgren, Jon 6 Perovich, Donald K. 7 Sturm, Matthew 6; Affiliation:  1: National Snow and Ice Data Center, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  3: Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA  4: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA  5: Department of Geosciences, Fort Hays State University, Hays, KS 67601 USA  6: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory-Alaska, Fort Wainwright, AK 99703 USA  7: U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755 USA; Source Info: Nov2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p3103; Subject Term: MICROWAVE devices; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ICE navigation; Subject Term: ICE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Passive microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea ice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.880619
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23154480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walter, Bernard
AU  - Cavalieri, Donald J.
AU  - Lee Thornhill, K.
AU  - Gasiewski, Albin J.
T1  - Aircraft Measurements of Heat Fluxes Over Wind-Driven Coastal Polynyas in the Bering Sea.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3118
EP  - 3134
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The first estimates of the average bulk heat transfer coefficient for Arctic sea ice are presented as a function of mean ice thickness. Turbulent heat flux measurements made by the NASA P-3 over the St. Lawrence Island polynya (SLIP) and Kuskokwim Bay in the Bering Sea during AMSR-Ice03 were used to estimate the values of the heat transfer coefficient CH. Estimates of ice thickness were made from the algorithm of Perovich et al. using broadband albedos obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer data. Plots of CH as a function of ice thickness showed a nearly linear relationship for ice thicknesses in the range of 0-14 cm in the polynyas. Previous estimates of CH for different cases over the SLIP were 1.2 × 10-3, but no estimates of ice thickness were available. These results will allow more accurate estimates of heat fluxes from the thin-ice areas of polynyas using satellite retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - ANALYSIS of covariance
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - ICE
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - covariance analysis
KW  - meteorology
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - sea ice
N1  - Accession Number: 23154481; Walter, Bernard 1; Email Address: walter@nwra.com Cavalieri, Donald J. 2; Email Address: Donald.J.Cavalieri@nasa.gov Lee Thornhill, K. 3 Gasiewski, Albin J. 4; Affiliation:  1: NorthWest Research Associates, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA  4: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA; Source Info: Nov2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p3118; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of covariance; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: ICE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: covariance analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea ice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 6 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.883348
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23154481&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li Li
AU  - Sweet, Barbara T.
AU  - Stone, Leland S.
T1  - Active Control With an Isoluminant Displays.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 36
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1124
EP  - 1134
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Humans perceive isoluminant visual stimuli (i.e., stimuli that show little or no luminance variation across space) to move more slowly than their luminance-defined counterparts. To explore whether impaired motion perception at isoluminance also affects visuomotor control tasks, the authors examined the performance as humans actively controlled a moving line. They tested two types of displays matched for an overall salience: a luminant display composed of a luminance-defined Gaussian-blurred horizontal line and an isoluminant display composed of a color-defined line with the same spatial characteristics, but near-zero luminance information. Six subjects were asked to use a joystick to keep the line centered on a cathode ray tube display as its vertical position was perturbed pseudorandomly by a sum of ten sinusoids under two control regimes (velocity and acceleration control). The mean root mean square position error was larger for the isoluminant than for the luminant line (mean across subjects: 22% and 29% larger, for the two regimes, respectively). The describing functions (Bode plots) showed that, compared to the luminant line, the isoluminant line showed a lower open-loop gain (mean decrease: 3.4 and 2.9 dB, respectively) and an increase in phase lag, which can be accounted for by an increase in reaction time (mean increase: 103 and 155 ms, respectively). The performance data are generally well fit by McRuer et al.'s classical crossover model. In conclusion, both our model-independent and model-dependent analyses show that the selective loss of luminance information impairs human active control performance, which is consistent with the preferential loss of information from cortical visual motion processing pathways. Display engineers must therefore be mindful of the importance of luminance-contrast per se (not just total stimulus salience) in the design of effective visual displays for closed-loop active control tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION display systems
KW  - MOTION perception (Vision)
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - CATHODE rays
KW  - OPTICAL computer equipment
KW  - Chromatic Display
KW  - contrast
KW  - manual control
KW  - one-dimensional (1-D) motion
KW  - Speed Perception
N1  - Accession Number: 22941230; Li Li 1; Email Address: lili@hku.hk Sweet, Barbara T. 2; Email Address: bsweet@rnail.arc.nasa.gov Stone, Leland S. 2; Email Address: lstone@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, SAR  2: Human-Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 36 Issue 6, p1124; Subject Term: INFORMATION display systems; Subject Term: MOTION perception (Vision); Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: CATHODE rays; Subject Term: OPTICAL computer equipment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chromatic Display; Author-Supplied Keyword: contrast; Author-Supplied Keyword: manual control; Author-Supplied Keyword: one-dimensional (1-D) motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed Perception; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2006.878951
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22941230&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Viken, Sally A.
AU  - Brooks, Frederick M.
AU  - Johnson, Sally C.
T1  - Overview of the Small Aircraft Transportation System Project Four Enabling Operating Capabilities.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1602
EP  - 1602
SN  - 00218669
AB  - It has become evident that our commercial air transportation system is reaching its peak in terms of capacity, with numerous delays in the system and the demand still steadily increasing. NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the National Consortium for Aviation Mobility have partnered together to aid in increasing the mobility throughout the United States through the Small Aircraft Transportation System project. This project has been a five-year effort to provide the technical and economic basis for further national investment and policy decisions to support a small aircraft transportation system. The project vision has been to enable people and goods to have the convenience of on-demand point-to-point travel, anywhere, anytime for both personal and business travel. The project has focused its efforts on four key operating capabilities that have addressed new emerging technologies, procedures, and concepts to pave the way for small aircraft to operate in near all-weather conditions at virtually any runway in the United States. The focus of this paper is to provide an overview of the technical and operational feasibility of the four operating capabilities and explain how they can enable a small aircraft transportation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AVIATION policy
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics -- United States
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - FINANCE
KW  - AIR travel
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 23632218; Viken, Sally A. 1 Brooks, Frederick M. 2 Johnson, Sally C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: National Consortium for Aviation Mobility, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1602; Subject Term: AVIATION policy; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics -- United States; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: FINANCE; Subject Term: AIR travel; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.20595
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23632218&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Daniel M.
AU  - Murdoch, Jennifer L.
AU  - Adams, Catherine H.
T1  - Small Aircraft Transportation System Higher Volume Operations Flight Experiment.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1613
EP  - 1613
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper summarizes findings from the Small Aircraft Transportation System Higher Volume Operations Flight Experiment. The higher volume operations concept improves efficiency at nontowered, nonradar airports in instrument meteorological conditions. The success of the higher volume operations concept is based on pilot acceptability as determined through objective and subjective assessments when compared with the procedural control operations in use today at nontowered, nonradar-controlled airfields in instrument meteorological conditions. Flight experiment data indicate that the concept is viable. The experiment, flown on a general aviation aircraft, used a subset of the Higher Volume Operations Simulation Experiment scenarios and evaluation pilots to validate the simulation experiment results. Results reveal that all 12 low-time instrument-rated pilots preferred Small Aircraft Transportation System Higher Volume Operations when compared with current procedural separation operations. These pilots also flew the higher volume operations procedures safely and proficiently without additional workload in comparison to today's system. Detailed results of pilot flight technical error and their subjective assessments of workload and situation awareness are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AIR travel
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments
KW  - AIRPORTS
N1  - Accession Number: 23632219; Williams, Daniel M. 1,2 Murdoch, Jennifer L. 1 Adams, Catherine H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1613; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AIR travel; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments; Subject Term: AIRPORTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.20403
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23632219&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, Brett
AU  - Britcher, Colin
AU  - Kassaye, Yenew
AU  - Roy, John
AU  - Krizansky, Michael
AU  - Acheson, Michael
T1  - Trajectory Management Concepts for Future Small Aircraft Transportation Systems.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1643
EP  - 1643
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Methodology for construction and implementation of in-flight trajectory management systems for vehicles participating in future small aircraft transportation systems is considered. The small aircraft transportation systems concept is a modern regional airspace system exploiting integration of key airborne and ground infrastructure technologies to facilitate efficiency and safety improved operations at noncontrolled public-use airports. An area where new trajectory management guidance systems may provide significant benefit is the transition between en route flight and the terminal airspace boundary, or possibly interior terminal airspace navigation fix points, for both approach and departure. Energy state theory and space-time curve geometry are investigated as tools for tailoring time to interface or time to land with traffic constraints. Results imply the trajectory management concepts offer significant design freedom to tailor flight paths and vehicle states for optimum performance and safety in real time. This strategy will also tend to provide practical trajectory profiles while avoiding heavy computational burdens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AVIGATION easements
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Traffic control
N1  - Accession Number: 23632223; Newman, Brett 1,2 Britcher, Colin 1,2 Kassaye, Yenew 1,3,4 Roy, John 1,3,5 Krizansky, Michael 1,3,6 Acheson, Michael 1,3,7; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Member AIAA  4: Structural Analyst, Boeing Integrated Defense Systems, Mail Stop 6M6-31, Renton, WA 98055  5: Performance Analyst, Dynetics, P.O. Box 5500, Huntsville, AL 35814.  6: Airfoils Lead, General Electric Aviation, Princeton Hill, M/D-30, Cincinnat  7: Safety Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 267, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1643; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AVIGATION easements; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Traffic control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.20960
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23632223&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinwolf, Alexander
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - Non-Gaussian Analysis of Turbulent Boundary Layer Fluctuating Pressure on Aircraft Skin Panels.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1662
EP  - 1662
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The purpose of the study is to investigate the probability density function of turbulent boundary layer fluctuating pressures measured on the outer sidewall of a supersonic transport aircraft and to approximate these probability density functions by analytical models. Experimental flight results show that the fluctuating pressure probability density functions differ from the Gaussian distribution even for standard smooth surface conditions. The probability density function tails are wider and longer than those of the Gaussian model. For pressure fluctuations in front of forward-facing step discontinuities, deviations from the Gaussian model are more significant and the probability density functions become asymmetrical. There is a certain spatial pattern of the skewness and kurtosis behavior depending on the distance upstream from the step. All characteristics related to non-Gaussian behavior are highly dependent upon the distance from the step and the step height, less dependent on aircraft speed, and not dependent on the fuselage location. A Hermite polynomial transform model and a piecewise-Gaussian model fit the flight data well both for the smooth and stepped conditions. The piecewise-Gaussian approximation can be additionally regarded for convenience in usage after the model is constructed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Piloting
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
N1  - Accession Number: 23632225; Steinwolf, Alexander 1; Email Address: a.steinwolf@auckland.ac.nz Rizzi, Stephen A. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: University of Auckland, Auckland 1001, New Zealand  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  3: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1662; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Piloting; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.18294
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23632225&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodward, Richard P.
AU  - Hughes, Christopher E.
AU  - Podboy, Gary G.
T1  - Fan Noise Reduction with Increased Bypass Nozzle Area.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1719
EP  - 1719
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A model turbofan was tested in the NASA Glenn 9- by 15-ft low speed wind tunnel to explore far-field acoustic effects of a variable area bypass nozzle using three fixed nozzle flows. The baseline nozzle was sized to produce maximum stage performance at cruise condition. However, wind tunnel testing is conducted near sea level condition. Therefore, to simulate and obtain performance at other operating conditions, two additional nozzles were tested--one with +5% increase in weight flow (+5.4% area increase), sized to simulate the performance at the stage design point (takeoff) condition, and the other with a +7.5% increase in weight flow (+10.9% area increase) sized for maximum weight flow at sea level condition. Measured acoustic benefits with increased nozzle area showed effective perceived noise level reductions of 2 or more dB (for a 1500 ft fan flyover with a 3.35 scale factor) while the stage thrust actually increased by 2 to 3%. Noise reductions, principally in the level of broadband noise, were observed everywhere in the far field. Laser Doppler velocimetry measurements downstream of the rotor showed that the total turbulent velocity decreased with increasing nozzle flow, which may explain the reduced rotor broadband noise levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
N1  - Accession Number: 23632230; Woodward, Richard P. 1,2 Hughes, Christopher E. 1 Podboy, Gary G. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1719; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.19359
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grant, Peter R.
AU  - Yam, Bonnie
AU  - Hosman, Ruud
AU  - Schroeder, Jeffery A.
T1  - Effect of Simulator Motion on Pilot Behavior and Perception.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1914
EP  - 1914
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A set of experiments were conducted on the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies flight research simulator to determine the effects of translational and yaw motion on pilot performance, workload, fidelity, pilot compensation, and motion perception for three helicopter yaw control tasks. The three control tasks were a yaw capture, a disturbance rejection task, and a tracking task. The yaw capture experiment was a duplication of an experiment previously run at a different simulator facility. The results of the yaw capture task were in general agreement with the previous study with the exception that, in the current study, yaw motion had a larger impact on pilot performance than the previous study. The current study found that translational motion improves performance and increases fidelity for all three tasks. Yaw motion increased performance for the yaw capture and disturbance rejection tasks. Translational motion generally improved fidelity and was easier to detect than yaw motion for all three tasks. Finally, if translational motion was present, the addition of yaw motion usually provided little additional benefit to performance, workload, compensation, or fidelity for all three tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Piloting
KW  - JOB performance
KW  - FLIGHT simulators
N1  - Accession Number: 23632251; Grant, Peter R. 1,2 Yam, Bonnie 2,3 Hosman, Ruud 2,4 Schroeder, Jeffery A. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada  2: Member AIAA  3: Atlantis Systems International, Brampton, Ontario L6T 5E6, Canada  4: AMS Consult, 2645 Delfgauw, The Netherlands  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  6: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1914; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Piloting; Subject Term: JOB performance; Subject Term: FLIGHT simulators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.21900
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rocha, Humberto
AU  - Wu Li
AU  - Hahn, Andrew
T1  - Principal Component Regression for Fitting Wing Weight Data of Subsonic Transports.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2006/11//Nov/Dec2006
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1925
EP  - 1925
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper documents the lessons learned from fitting the wing weight data of 41 subsonic transports by a semi-empirical regression model, least polynomial interpolation, radial basis function interpolation, Kriging interpolation, Gaussian process, and principal component regression using radial basis function interpolation. The paper discusses various aspects of fitting data to a wing weight model: data scaling, variable selection, principal component analysis, subjective choice of input variables, interpolation methods, and verification of constructed wing weight models. The numerical results show that principal component regression using multiquadric radial basis function interpolation is capable of capturing physical trends buried in the wing weight data and generates the most useful wing weight model for conceptual design of subsonic transports among the tested data fitting methods. Even though the benefits of principal component regression are only demonstrated by the wing weight data fitting problem, the methodology could have significant advantages in fitting other historical or sparse data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSPORT planes -- Piloting
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - INTERPOLATION
N1  - Accession Number: 23632252; Rocha, Humberto 1 Wu Li 2 Hahn, Andrew 2; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1925; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes -- Piloting; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.21934
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tripathi, Om Prakash
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
AU  - Lefèvre, Franck
AU  - Marchand, Marion
AU  - Pazmiño, Andrea
AU  - Hauchecorne, Alain
AU  - Goutail, Florence
AU  - Schlager, Hans
AU  - Volk, C.
AU  - Johnson, B.
AU  - König-Langlo, G.
AU  - Balestri, Stefano
AU  - Stroh, Fred
AU  - Bui, T. P.
AU  - Jost, H. J.
AU  - Deshler, T.
AU  - von der Gathen, Peter
T1  - High resolution simulation of recent Arctic and Antarctic stratospheric chemical ozone loss compared to observations.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 226
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - Simulations of polar ozone losses were performed using the three-dimensional high-resolution (1∘ × 1∘) chemical transport model MIMOSA-CHIM. Three Arctic winters 1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2002–2003 and three Antarctic winters 2001, 2002, and 2003 were considered for the study. The cumulative ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002–2003 reached around 35% at 475 K inside the vortex, as compared to more than 60% in 1999–2000. During 1999–2000, denitrification induces a maximum of about 23% extra ozone loss at 475 K as compared to 17% in 2002–2003. Unlike these two colder Arctic winters, the 2001–2002 Arctic was warmer and did not experience much ozone loss. Sensitivity tests showed that the chosen resolution of 1∘ × 1∘ provides a better evaluation of ozone loss at the edge of the polar vortex in high solar zenith angle conditions. The simulation results for ozone, ClO, HNO3, N2O, and NO y  for winters 1999–2000 and 2002–2003 were compared with measurements on board ER-2 and Geophysica aircraft respectively. Sensitivity tests showed that increasing heating rates calculated by the model by 50% and doubling the PSC (Polar Stratospheric Clouds) particle density (from 5 × 10−3 to 10−2 cm−3) refines the agreement with in situ ozone, N2O and NO y  levels. In this configuration, simulated ClO levels are increased and are in better agreement with observations in January but are overestimated by about 20% in March. The use of the Burkholder et al. (1990) Cl2O2 absorption cross-sections slightly increases further ClO levels especially in high solar zenith angle conditions. Comparisons of the modelled ozone values with ozonesonde measurement in the Antarctic winter 2003 and with Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement III (POAM III) measurements in the Antarctic winters 2001 and 2002, shows that the simulations underestimate the ozone loss rate at the end of the ozone destruction period. A slightly better agreement is obtained with the use of Burkholder et al. (1990) Cl2O2 absorption cross-sections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE layer depletion
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - POLAR vortex
KW  - DENITRIFICATION
KW  - OZONESONDES
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - ARCTIC regions -- Environmental conditions
KW  - ANTARCTICA -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Comparison with observations
KW  - High-resolution 3-D chemical transport model
KW  - Ozone loss
KW  - Polar ozone
KW  - Sensitivity tests
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 22978684; Tripathi, Om Prakash 1,2; Email Address: ompraka@aero.jussieu.fr; tripathi@tmf.jpl.nasa.gov Godin-Beekmann, Sophie 1 Lefèvre, Franck 1 Marchand, Marion 1 Pazmiño, Andrea 1 Hauchecorne, Alain 1 Goutail, Florence 1 Schlager, Hans 3 Volk, C. 4 Johnson, B. 5 König-Langlo, G. 6 Balestri, Stefano 7 Stroh, Fred 8 Bui, T. P. 9 Jost, H. J. 10 Deshler, T. 11 von der Gathen, Peter 6,12; Affiliation:  1: Service d’Aéronomie – IPSL du CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75252 Paris Cedex 05 France  2: NASA û Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Table Mountain Facility, 24490 Table Mountain Road, P.O. Box: 367, Wrightwood, CA 92397, USA  3: Institute for Atmospheric Physics, DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen Germany  4: Institut für Atmosphäre und Umwelt, J.W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt Germany  5: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder 80305 USA  6: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, D-27515 Bremerhaven Germany  7: Environmental Research & Services, Sesto Fiorentino Italy  8: Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere (ICG-I), Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH 52425 Juelich Germany  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field USA  10: Bay Area Environmental Reserach Institute, Sonoma USA  11: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie USA  12: Research Department Potsdam, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg A43 Germany; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 55 Issue 3, p205; Subject Term: OZONE layer depletion; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: POLAR vortex; Subject Term: DENITRIFICATION; Subject Term: OZONESONDES; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA -- Environmental conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comparison with observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-resolution 3-D chemical transport model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensitivity tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric chemistry; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-006-9028-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luo, Yali
AU  - Krueger, Steven K.
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
T1  - Cloud Properties Simulated by a Single-Column Model. Part II: Evaluation of Cumulus Detrainment and Ice-Phase Microphysics Using a Cloud-Resolving Model.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 63
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2831
EP  - 2847
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This paper is the second in a series in which kilometer-scale-resolving observations from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and output from the University of California, Los Angeles/Colorado State University cloud-resolving model (CRM) are used to evaluate the single-column model (SCM) version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System model. Part I demonstrated that kilometer-scale cirrus properties analyzed by applying the SCM’s assumptions about cloud vertical overlap and horizontal homogeneity to its profiles of cloud water/ice mixing ratio, cloud fraction, and snow flux differed from the cloud radar observations while the CRM simulation reproduced most of the observed cirrus properties. The present study evaluates, through a comparison with the CRM, the SCM’s representation of detrainment from deep cumulus and ice-phase microphysics in an effort to better understand the findings of Part I. This study finds that, although the SCM’s detrainment rate profile averaged over the entire simulation period is comparable to the CRM’s, detrainment in the SCM is comparatively sporadic and vertically localized. Too much detrained ice is sublimated when first detrained. Snow formed from detrained cloud ice falls through too deep of a layer. These aspects of the SCM’s parameterizations may explain many of the differences in the cirrus properties between the SCM and the observations (or between the SCM and the CRM), and suggest several possible improvements for the SCM: 1) allowing multiple coexisting cumulus cloud types as in the original Arakawa–Schubert scheme, 2) prognostically determining the stratiform cloud fraction, and 3) explicitly predicting the snow mixing ratio. These would allow better representation of the detrainment from deep convection, better coupling of the volume of detrained air with cloud fraction, and better representation of snow flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUBLIMATION (Psychology)
N1  - Accession Number: 23276492; Luo, Yali 1; Email Address: yali@nianet.org Krueger, Steven K. 2 Xu, Kuan-Man 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  2: Department of Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 63 Issue 11, p2831; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUBLIMATION (Psychology); Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turon, A.
AU  - Camanho, P.P.
AU  - Costa, J.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
T1  - A damage model for the simulation of delamination in advanced composites under variable-mode loading
JO  - Mechanics of Materials
JF  - Mechanics of Materials
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 38
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1089
SN  - 01676636
SN  - 9780077221409
AB  - Abstract: A thermodynamically consistent damage model is proposed for the simulation of progressive delamination in composite materials under variable-mode ratio. The model is formulated in the context of Damage Mechanics. A novel constitutive equation is developed to model the initiation and propagation of delamination. A delamination initiation criterion is proposed to assure that the formulation can account for changes in the loading mode in a thermodynamically consistent way. The formulation accounts for crack closure effects to avoid interfacial penetration of two adjacent layers after complete decohesion. The model is implemented in a finite element formulation, and the numerical predictions are compared with experimental results obtained in both composite test specimens and structural components. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - Decohesion elements
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Fracture
N1  - Accession Number: 21663954; Turon, A. 1 Camanho, P.P. 2; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt Costa, J. 1 Dávila, C.G. 3; Affiliation:  1: AMADE, Polytechnic School, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain  2: DEMEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 38 Issue 11, p1072; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Decohesion elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2005.10.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia
AU  - Chandrasekharan, Unni M.
AU  - McKay, Terri L.
AU  - Radhakrishnan, Krishnan
AU  - DiCorleto, Paul E.
AU  - Albarran, Brian
AU  - Farr, Andrew G.
T1  - A VEGF165-induced phenotypic switch from increased vessel density to increased vessel diameter and increased endothelial NOS activity
JO  - Microvascular Research
JF  - Microvascular Research
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 100
SN  - 00262862
AB  - Abstract: Although vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165) regulates numerous angiogenic cellular activities, its complex effects on vascular morphology are not highly quantified. By fractal-based, multiparametric branching analysis of 2D vascular pattern in the quail chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), we report that vessel density increased maximally at lower VEGF concentrations, but that vessel diameter and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) increased maximally at higher VEGF concentrations. Following exogenous application of human VEGF165 to the CAM at embryonic day 7, vessel density and diameter were measured after 24 h at arterial end points by the fractal dimension (D f) and generational branching parameters for vessel area density (A v), vessel length density (L v) and vessel diameter (D v) using the computer code VESGEN. The VEGF-dependent phenotypic switch from normal vessels displaying increased vessel density to abnormal, dilated vessels typical of tumor vasculature and other pathologies resulted from an approximate threefold increase in VEGF concentration (1.25 to 5 μg/CAM) and correlated positively with increased eNOS activity. Relative to control specimens, eNOS activity increased maximally to 60% following VEGF treatment at 5 μg/CAM, compared to 10% at 1.25 μg/CAM, and was accompanied by no significant change in activity of inducible NOS. In summary, VEGF165 induced a phenotypic switch from increased vessel density associated with low VEGF concentration, to increased vessel diameter and increased eNOS activity at high VEGF concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Microvascular Research is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VASCULAR endothelial growth factors
KW  - BLOOD-vessels -- Tumors
KW  - CHORIOALLANTOIS
KW  - TRANSFORMING growth factors-beta
KW  - Angiogenesis
KW  - Avian
KW  - basic fibroblast growth factor (fibroblast growth factor-2) ( bFGF )
KW  - CAM
KW  - Chorioallantoic membrane
KW  - chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM )
KW  - Fractal
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - NOS
KW  - Quail
KW  - transforming growth factor beta-1 ( TGF-β1 )
KW  - vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF )
KW  - vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. ( VEGFR )
KW  - VEGF
N1  - Accession Number: 23047543; Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia 1,2; Email Address: patricia.parsons@grc.nasa.gov Chandrasekharan, Unni M. 2 McKay, Terri L. 3 Radhakrishnan, Krishnan 4 DiCorleto, Paul E. 2 Albarran, Brian 5 Farr, Andrew G. 6; Affiliation:  1: Biological Fluid Physics, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Cell Biology, The Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA  3: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: ICOMP/OAI, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  6: Department of Biological Structure, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 72 Issue 3, p91; Subject Term: VASCULAR endothelial growth factors; Subject Term: BLOOD-vessels -- Tumors; Subject Term: CHORIOALLANTOIS; Subject Term: TRANSFORMING growth factors-beta; Author-Supplied Keyword: Angiogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Avian; Author-Supplied Keyword: basic fibroblast growth factor (fibroblast growth factor-2) ( bFGF ); Author-Supplied Keyword: CAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chorioallantoic membrane; Author-Supplied Keyword: chorioallantoic membrane ( CAM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitric oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: NOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quail; Author-Supplied Keyword: transforming growth factor beta-1 ( TGF-β1 ); Author-Supplied Keyword: vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ); Author-Supplied Keyword: vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. ( VEGFR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: VEGF; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mvr.2006.05.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crowther, Paul A.
AU  - Hadfield, L. J.
AU  - Clark, J. S.
AU  - Negueruela, I.
AU  - Vacca, W. D.
T1  - A census of the Wolf–Rayet content in Westerlund 1 from near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2006/11//11/1/2006
VL  - 372
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1407
EP  - 1424
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - New Technology Telescope (NTT)/Son of Isaac (SOFI) imaging and spectroscopy of the Wolf–Rayet population in the massive cluster Westerlund 1 are presented. Narrow-band near-infrared (IR) imaging together with follow up spectroscopy reveals four new Wolf–Rayet stars, of which three were independently identified recently by Groh et al., bringing the confirmed Wolf–Rayet content to 24 (23 excluding source S) – representing 8 per cent of the known Galactic Wolf–Rayet population – comprising eight WC stars and 16 (15) WN stars. Revised coordinates and near-IR photometry are presented, whilst a quantitative near-IR spectral classification scheme for Wolf–Rayet stars is presented and applied to members of Westerlund 1. Late subtypes are dominant, with no subtypes earlier than WN5 or WC8 for the nitrogen and carbon sequences, respectively. A qualitative inspection of the WN stars suggests that most (∼75 per cent) are highly H deficient. The Wolf–Rayet binary fraction is high (≥62 per cent), on the basis of dust emission from WC stars, in addition to a significant WN binary fraction from hard X-ray detections according to Clark et al. We exploit the large WN population of Westerlund 1 to reassess its distance (∼5.0 kpc) and extinction , such that it is located at the edge of the Galactic bar, with an oxygen metallicity ∼60 per cent higher than Orion. The observed ratio of WR stars to red and yellow hypergiants, , favours an age of ∼4.5–5.0 Myr, with individual Wolf–Rayet stars descended from progenitors of initial mass . Qualitative estimates of current masses for non-dusty, H-free WR stars are presented, revealing , such that ∼75 per cent of the initial stellar mass has been removed via stellar winds or close binary evolution. We present a revision to the cluster turn-off mass for other Milky Way clusters in which Wolf–Rayet stars are known, based upon the latest temperature calibration for OB stars. Finally, comparisons between the observed WR population and subtype distribution in Westerlund 1 and instantaneous burst evolutionary synthesis models are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - MILKY Way
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - open clusters and associations: individual: Westerlund 1
KW  - stars: Wolf–Rayet
KW  - stars: Wolf-Rayet
N1  - Accession Number: 22764751; Crowther, Paul A. 1; Email Address: Paul.crowther@sheffield.ac.uk Hadfield, L. J. 1 Clark, J. S. 2 Negueruela, I. 3 Vacca, W. D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Rd, Sheffield S3 7RH  2: Department of Physics & Astronomy, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA  3: Dpto de Fisica, Ingenieria de Sistemas y Teoria de la Senal, Universidad de Alicante, Apdo. 99, E03080 Alicante, Spain  4: SOFIA-URSA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2006, Vol. 372 Issue 3, p1407; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: MILKY Way; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Author-Supplied Keyword: open clusters and associations: individual: Westerlund 1; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: Wolf–Rayet; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: Wolf-Rayet; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10952.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Hazeltine, Eliot
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - What causes residual dual-task interference after practice?
JO  - Psychological Research
JF  - Psychological Research
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 494
EP  - 503
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03400727
AB  - Practice can dramatically reduce dual-task interference, but typically does not eliminate interference entirely. Residual interference after practice is especially large with certain non-preferred modality pairings (e.g., auditory–manual and visual–vocal). Does this residual interference imply the existence of a persistent central-processing bottleneck? To address this question, we transferred participants with previous dual-task practice to a psychological refractory period design. Although we observed residual dual-task costs in all four experiments, there was no evidence for a bottleneck, even with non-preferred modality pairings. We conclude that practice can eliminate the bottleneck limitation, but performance is still subject to other sources of interference, such as competition between central codes of the two tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY -- Research
KW  - PRACTICE (Philosophy)
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - TASKS
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 22657602; Ruthruff, Eric 1,2; Email Address: ruthruff@unm.edu Hazeltine, Eliot 1 Remington, Roger W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA, USA  2: Dept. of Psychology Logan Hall, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131-1161, USA  3: Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa city, IA, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 70 Issue 6, p494; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: PRACTICE (Philosophy); Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00426-005-0012-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hazeltine, Eliot
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
T1  - Modality pairing effects and the response selection bottleneck.
JO  - Psychological Research
JF  - Psychological Research
Y1  - 2006/11//
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 504
EP  - 513
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03400727
AB  - The present experiment examined the effects of input/output modality pairings on dual-task performance using the psychological refractory period (PRP) procedure. Four groups of participants performed two tasks composed of the same sets of inputs (visual and auditory) and the same sets of outputs (manual and vocal), but with different input/output modality pairings. Whereas modality pairings had only small effects on single-task reaction times, they had large effects on dual-task reaction times. The modality pairing effect cannot stem from differences in the difficulty of stimulus classification or response execution, because these task demands were the same across groups. The effect also does not appear to result from changes in stimulus–response compatibility. The present findings suggest dual-task interference arises not only from postponement of central operations (due to a central bottleneck), but also from a slowing of central operations whose magnitude is sensitive to the input/output modality pairings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychological Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY -- Research
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL psychology
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments
KW  - MODALITY (Logic)
KW  - LOGIC
KW  - Central bottleneck
KW  - Dual-task
KW  - Modalities
KW  - Psychological refractory period
KW  - Response selection
N1  - Accession Number: 22657605; Hazeltine, Eliot; Email Address: eliot-hazeltine@uiowa.edu Ruthruff, Eric 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 70 Issue 6, p504; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL psychology; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL experiments; Subject Term: MODALITY (Logic); Subject Term: LOGIC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central bottleneck; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dual-task; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modalities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Psychological refractory period; Author-Supplied Keyword: Response selection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00426-005-0017-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feihua Yang
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - A.-Xing Zhu
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Prediction of Continental-Scale Evapotranspiration by Combining MODIS and AmeriFlux Data Through Support Vector Machine.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2006/11/02/Nov2006 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3452
EP  - 3461
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Application of remote sensing data to extrapolate evapotranspiration (ET) measured at eddy covariance flux towers is a potentially powerful method to estimate continental-scale ET. In support of this concept, we used meteorological and flux data from the AmeriFlux network and an inductive machine learning technique called support vector machine (SVM) to develop a predictive ET model. The model was then applied to the conterminous U.S. In this process, we first trained the SVM to predict 2000-2002 ET measurements from 25 AmeriFlux sites using three remotely sensed variables [land surface temperature, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and land cover] and one ground-measured variable (surface shortwave radiation). Second, we evaluated the model performance by predicting ET for 19 flux sites in 2003. In this independent evaluation, the SVM predicted ET with a root-mean-square error (rmse) of 0.62 mm/day (approximately 23% of the mean observed values) and an R2 of 0.75. The rmse from SVM was significantly smaller than that from neural network and multiple-regression approaches in a cross-validation experiment. Among the explanatory variables, EVI was the most important factor. Indeed, removing this variable induced an rmse increase from 0.54 to 0.77 mm/day. Third, with forcings from remote sensing data alone, we used the SVM model to predict the spatial and temporal distributions of ET for the conterminous U.S. for 2004. The SVM model captured the spatial and temporal variations of ET at a continental scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AmeriFlux
KW  - evapotranspiration (ET)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - support vector machines (SVMs)
N1  - Accession Number: 23593703; Feihua Yang 1,2; Email Address: feihuayang@wisc.edu White, Michael A. 3 Michaelis, Andrew R. 2,4 Ichii, Kazuhito 1,2 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2,4 Votava, Petr 2,4 A.-Xing Zhu 5,6 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  3: Utah State University, Logan, UT 84321 USA  4: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955 USA  5: San Jose State University, San José, CA 95192 USA  6: State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Source Info: Nov2006 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p3452; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AmeriFlux; Author-Supplied Keyword: evapotranspiration (ET); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: support vector machines (SVMs); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 9 Black and White Photographs, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.876297
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGuigan, Megan
AU  - Waite, J. Hunter
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
AU  - Sacks, Richard D.
T1  - Analysis of Titan tholin pyrolysis products by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry
JO  - Journal of Chromatography A
JF  - Journal of Chromatography A
Y1  - 2006/11/03/
VL  - 1132
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 288
SN  - 00219673
AB  - Abstract: The reddish brown haze that surrounds Titan, Saturn''s largest moon, is thought to consist of tholin-like organic aerosols. Tholins are complex materials of largely unknown structure. The very high peak capacity and structured chromatograms obtained from comprehensive two-dimensional GC (GC×GC) are attractive attributes for the characterization of tholin pyrolysis products. In this report, GC×GC with time-of-flight MS detection and a flash pyrolysis inlet is used to characterize tholin pyrolysis products. Identified pyrolysis products include low-molecular-weight nitriles, alkyl substituted pyrroles, linear and branched hydrocarbons, alkyl-substituted benzenes and PAH compounds. The pyrolysis of standards found in tholin pyrolysate showed that little alteration occurred and thus these structures are likely present in the tholin material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chromatography A is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - Gas Chromatography
KW  - GC×GC
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Tholin
KW  - TOF-MS
N1  - Accession Number: 22717923; McGuigan, Megan 1; Email Address: mmcguiga@umich.edu Waite, J. Hunter 1 Imanaka, Hiroshi 2 Sacks, Richard D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, The University of Michigan, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 1132 Issue 1/2, p280; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas Chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: GC×GC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholin; Author-Supplied Keyword: TOF-MS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.07.069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BECKLIN, E. E.
AU  - TIELENS, A. G. G. M.
AU  - CALLIS, H. H. S.
T1  - STRATOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY FOR INFRARED ASTRONOMY (SOFIA).
JO  - Modern Physics Letters A
JF  - Modern Physics Letters A
Y1  - 2006/11/10/
VL  - 21
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 2551
EP  - 2560
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02177323
AB  - The joint U.S. and German SOFIA project to develop and operate a 2.5-meter infrared airborne telescope in a Boeing 747-SP is now in its final stages of development. Flying in the stratosphere, SOFIA allows observations through the infrared and submillimeter region, with an average transmission of ≳ 80%. SOFIA is characterized by a wide instrument complement ranging from broadband imagers, through moderate resolution spectrographs capable of resolving broad features due to dust and large molecules, to high resolution spectrometers suitable for kinematic studies of molecular and atomic gas lines at km/s resolution. This broad range in instruments will enable SOFIA to make unique contributions to a broad array of science topics. First science flights will begin in 2009 and the observatory is expected to operate for over 20 years. The sensitivity, characteristics, science instrument complement, and examples of first light science are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Modern Physics Letters A is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - AIRBORNE warning & control systems
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LARGE astronomical telescopes
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - GERMANY. Space Agency
KW  - airborne astronomy
KW  - infrared
KW  - Submillimeter
N1  - Accession Number: 22988170; BECKLIN, E. E. 1; Email Address: ebecklin@sofia.usra.edu TIELENS, A. G. G. M. 2; Email Address: alexander.g.tielens@nasa.gov CALLIS, H. H. S. 1; Email Address: hscallis@sofia.usra.edu; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Code SST, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-1 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2006, Vol. 21 Issue 34, p2551; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: AIRBORNE warning & control systems; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LARGE astronomical telescopes; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; Subject Term: GERMANY. Space Agency; Author-Supplied Keyword: airborne astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Submillimeter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaneko, Hideaki
AU  - Bey, Kim S.
AU  - Hou, Gene J.W.
T1  - A discontinuous Galerkin Method for parabolic problems with modified hp-finite element approximation technique
JO  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
JF  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
Y1  - 2006/11/15/
VL  - 182
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1405
EP  - 1417
SN  - 00963003
AB  - Abstract: A recent paper [Hideaki Kaneko, Kim S. Bey, Gene J.W. Hou, Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for parabolic problems, preprint November 2000, NASA] is generalized to a case where the spatial region is taken in R 3. The region is assumed to be a thin body, such as a panel on the wing or fuselage of an aerospace vehicle. The traditional h- as well as hp-finite element methods are applied to the surface defined in the x–y variables, while, through the thickness, the technique of the p-element is employed. Time and spatial discretization scheme developed in Kaneko et al. (2000), based upon an assumption of certain weak singularity of ∥u  t ∥2, is used to derive an optimal a priori error estimate for the current method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Mathematics & Computation is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin method
KW  - Modified hp-finite element method
KW  - Parabolic equations
N1  - Accession Number: 23350191; Kaneko, Hideaki 1; Email Address: hkaneko@odu.edu Bey, Kim S. 2 Hou, Gene J.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0077, United States  2: Thermal Structures Branch, Structure Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 182 Issue 2, p1405; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modified hp-finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parabolic equations; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.amc.2006.05.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suzuki, Makoto
AU  - Ominami, Yusuke
AU  - Ngo, Quoc
AU  - Yang, Cary Y.
AU  - Yamada, Toshishige
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Li, Jun
T1  - Bright contrast imaging of carbon nanofiber-substrate interface.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/11/15/
VL  - 100
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 104305
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We present the contrast mechanisms of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for visualizing the interface between carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and the underlying substrate. SEM imaging with electron beam energies higher than a certain threshold provides different image contrasts depending on whether CNFs are in contact with the substrate or suspended above the substrate. CNFs with diameters ranging from 25 to 250 nm are examined with various electron beam energies. It is found that the threshold energy corresponds to the energy required to penetrate the CNF and its dependence on CNF diameter can be understood using the theory of electron range. This knowledge will be quite useful for interface imaging of all nanostructure devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - ELECTRON beams
N1  - Accession Number: 23290551; Suzuki, Makoto 1; Email Address: m1suzuki@scu.edu Ominami, Yusuke 1 Ngo, Quoc 1 Yang, Cary Y. 1 Yamada, Toshishige 2 Cassell, Alan M. 2 Li, Jun 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanostructures, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 11/15/2006, Vol. 100 Issue 10, p104305; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2382718
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Chambers, Lin
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Fan, Alice
T1  - The Effect of Environmental Conditions on Tropical Deep Convective Systems Observed from the TRMM Satellite.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2006/11/15/
VL  - 19
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 5745
EP  - 5761
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study uses measurements of radiation and cloud properties taken between January and August 1998 by three Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) instruments, the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanner, the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI), and the Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS), to evaluate the variations of tropical deep convective systems (DCSs) with sea surface temperature and precipitation. The authors find that DCS precipitation efficiency increases with SST at a rate of ∼2% K-1. Despite increasing rainfall efficiency, the cloud areal coverage rises with SST at a rate of about 7% K-1 in the warm tropical seas. There, the boundary layer moisture supply for deep convection and the moisture transported to the upper troposphere for cirrus anvil cloud formation increase by ∼6.3% and ∼4.0% K-1, respectively. The changes in cloud formation efficiency, along with the increased transport of moisture available for cloud formation, likely contribute to the large rate of increasing DCS areal coverage. Although no direct observations are available, the increase of cloud formation efficiency with rising SST is deduced indirectly from measurements of changes in the ratio of DCS ice water path and boundary layer water vapor amount with SST. Besides the cloud areal coverage, DCS cluster effective sizes also increase with precipitation. Furthermore, other cloud properties, such as cloud total water and ice water paths, increase with SST. These changes in DCS properties will produce a negative radiative feedback for the earth’s climate system due to strong reflection of shortwave radiation by the DCS. These results significantly differ from some previously hypothesized dehydration scenarios for warmer climates, partially support the thermostat hypothesis but indicate a smaller magnitude of the negative feedback, and have great potential in testing current cloud-system-resolving models and convective parameterizations of general circulation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - OCEAN convection
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 23324097; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Minnis, Patrick 1 Chambers, Lin 1 Kuan-Man Xu 1 Yongxiang Hu 1 Fan, Alice 2; Affiliation:  1: Sciences Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: SAIC, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 19 Issue 22, p5745; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: OCEAN convection; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, G. L.
AU  - Mochena, M. D.
AU  - Johnson, E.
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., C. W.
T1  - Dissociative and associative attachment of NO to iron clusters.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2006/11/21/
VL  - 125
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 194312
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Electronic and geometrical structures of iron clusters with associative (FeNO, Fe2NO, Fe3NO, Fe4NO, Fe5NO, and Fe6NO) and dissociative (OFeN, OFe2N, OFe3N, OFe4N, OFe5N, and OFe6N) attachments of NO, as well as the corresponding singly negatively and positively charged ions, are computed using density functional theory with generalized gradient corrections. Both types of isomers are found to be stable and no spontaneous dissociation was observed during the geometry optimizations. The ground states correspond to dissociative attachment of NO for all iron clusters Fen, except for Fe and Fe+. All of the OFenN clusters have ferrimagnetic ground states, except for OFe2N, OFe2N-, OFe4N, and OFe4N-, which prefer the ferromagnetic coupling. In the ferrimagnetic states, the excess spin density at one iron atom couples antiferromagnetically to the excess spin densities of all other iron atoms. Relative to the high-spin Fen ground state, the lowest energy ferrimagnetic state quenches the total magnetic moments of iron clusters by 7, which is to be compared with a reduction in the magnetic moment of one in the lowest energy ferromagnetic states. Dissociation of NO on the iron clusters has a pronounced impact on the energetics of reactions; the FenNO+CO→FenN+CO2 channels are exothermic while the OFe6N+CO→ Fe6N+CO2 channels are nearly thermoneutral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - NUCLEAR isomers
KW  - FERRIMAGNETISM
KW  - ATOMS
N1  - Accession Number: 23250161; Gutsev, G. L. 1; Email Address: gennady.gutsev@famu.edu Mochena, M. D. 1 Johnson, E. 2 Bauschlicher Jr., C. W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307  2: Environmental Sciences Institute, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307  3: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 11/21/2006, Vol. 125 Issue 19, p194312; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: NUCLEAR isomers; Subject Term: FERRIMAGNETISM; Subject Term: ATOMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2378831
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23250161&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, M. A. H.
AU  - Brown, L. R.
AU  - Toth, R. A.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
T1  - Line Mixing in Water Vapor and Methane.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/11/22/
VL  - 874
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 316
EP  - 321
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A multispectrum fitting algorithm has been used to identify line mixing and determine mixing parameters for infrared transitions of H2O and CH4 in the 5–9 μm region. Line mixing parameters at room temperature were determined for two pairs of transitions in the v2 fundamental band of H216O, for self-broadening and for broadening by H2, He, CO2, N2, O2 and air. Line mixing parameters have been determined from air-broadened CH4 spectra, recorded at temperatures between 210 K and 314 K, in selected R-branch manifolds of the v4 band. For both H2O and CH4, the inclusion of line mixing was seen to have a greater effect on the retrieved values of the line shifts than on the retrieved values of other parameters. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Infrared
KW  - line broadening
KW  - line mixing
KW  - line shifts
KW  - methane
KW  - water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 23289407; Smith, M. A. H. 1 Brown, L. R. 2 Toth, R. A. 2 Malathy Devi, V. 3 Benner, D. Chris 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, U. S. A  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, U. S. A  3: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, U. S. A; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 874 Issue 1, p316; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: line broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: line shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: water vapor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2402784
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23289407&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trainer, Melissa G.
AU  - Pavlov, Alexander A.
AU  - DeWitt, H. Langley
AU  - Jimenez, Jose L.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
AU  - Tolbert, Margaret A.
T1  - Organic haze on Titan and the early Earth.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2006/11/28/
VL  - 103
IS  - 48
M3  - Article
SP  - 18035
EP  - 18042
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Recent exploration by the Cassini/Huygens mission has stimulated a great deal of interest in Saturn's moon, Titan. One of Titan's most captivating features is the thick organic haze layer surrounding the moon, believed to be formed from photochemistry high in the CH4/N2 atmosphere. It has been suggested that a similar haze layer may have formed on the early Earth. Here we report laboratory experiments that demonstrate the properties of haze likely to form through photochemistry on Titan and early Earth. We have used a deuterium lamp to initiate particle production in these simulated atmospheres from UV photolysis. Using a unique analysis technique, the aerosol mass spectrometer, we have studied the chemical composition, size, and shape of the particles produced as a function of initial trace gas composition. Our results show that the aerosols produced in the laboratory can serve as analogs for the observed haze in Titan's atmosphere. Experiments performed under possible conditions for early Earth suggest a significant optical depth of haze may have dominated the early Earth's atmosphere. Aerosol size measurements are presented, and implications for the haze layer properties are discussed. We estimate that aerosol production on the early Earth may have been on the order of 1014 g·year-1 and thus could have served as a primary source of organic material to the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - HAZE
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - MOON
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - atmospheric aerosol Archaen
KW  - planetary atmospheres
KW  - tholins
N1  - Accession Number: 23509363; Trainer, Melissa G. 1 Pavlov, Alexander A. 2 DeWitt, H. Langley 3 Jimenez, Jose L. 3 McKay, Christopher P. 4 Toon, Owen B. 5 Tolbert, Margaret A. 3; Email Address: tolbert@cires.colorado.edu; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309  2: Department of Planetary Sciences Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721  3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309  4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309; Source Info: 11/28/2006, Vol. 103 Issue 48, p18035; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric aerosol Archaen; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: tholins; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0608561103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thompson, David E.
AU  - Thirumalainambi, Rajkumar
T1  - LISA Framework for Enhancing Gravitational Wave Signal Extraction Techniques.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/11/29/
VL  - 873
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 498
EP  - 503
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper describes the development of a Framework for benchmarking and comparing signal-extraction and noise-interference-removal methods that are applicable to interferometric Gravitational Wave detector systems. The primary use is towards comparing signal and noise extraction techniques at LISA frequencies from multiple (possibly confused) gravitational wave sources. The Framework includes extensive hybrid learning/classification algorithms, as well as post-processing regularization methods, and is based on a unique plug-and-play (component) architecture. Published methods for signal extraction and interference removal at LISA frequencies are being encoded, as well as multiple source noise models, so that the stiffness of GW Sensitivity Space can be explored under each combination of methods. Furthermore, synthetic datasets and source models can be created and imported into the Framework, and specific degraded numerical experiments can be run to test the flexibility of the analysis methods. The Framework also supports use of full current LISA Testbeds, Synthetic data systems, and Simulators already in existence through plug-ins and wrappers, thus preserving those legacy codes and systems in tact. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - SENSOR networks
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Radio antennas
KW  - SPACE simulators
KW  - PLUG-ins (Computer programs)
KW  - component-based exploration framework
KW  - intelligent systems classification techniques
KW  - LISA signal & noise identification methods
KW  - MLDC
KW  - regularization of time-series patterns
N1  - Accession Number: 23356482; Thompson, David E. 1 Thirumalainambi, Rajkumar 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  2: QSS Group at NASA Ames, MS 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 873 Issue 1, p498; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: SENSOR networks; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Radio antennas; Subject Term: SPACE simulators; Subject Term: PLUG-ins (Computer programs); Author-Supplied Keyword: component-based exploration framework; Author-Supplied Keyword: intelligent systems classification techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: LISA signal & noise identification methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: MLDC; Author-Supplied Keyword: regularization of time-series patterns; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238130 Framing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2405091
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bourke, M.C.
AU  - Balme, M.
AU  - Beyer, R.A.
AU  - Williams, K.K.
AU  - Zimbelman, J.
T1  - A comparison of methods used to estimate the height of sand dunes on Mars
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2006/11/29/
VL  - 81
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 440
EP  - 452
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Abstract: The collection of morphometric data on small-scale landforms from other planetary bodies is difficult. We assess four methods that can be used to estimate the height of aeolian dunes on Mars. These are (1) stereography, (2) slip face length, (3) profiling photoclinometry, and (4) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Results show that there is good agreement among the methods when conditions are ideal. However, limitations inherent to each method inhibited their accurate application to all sites. Collectively, these techniques provide data on a range of morphometric parameters, some of which were not previously available for dunes on Mars. They include dune height, width, length, surface area, volume, and longitudinal and transverse profiles. The utilization of these methods will facilitate a more accurate analysis of aeolian dunes on Mars and enable comparison with dunes on other planetary surfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Aeolian
KW  - Dune
KW  - Mars
KW  - Methods
KW  - Morphometry
KW  - Planetary geology
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 22961886; Bourke, M.C. 1,2; Email Address: mbourke@psi.edu Balme, M. 1; Email Address: mbalms@psi.edu Beyer, R.A. 3; Email Address: rbeyer@arc.nasa.gov Williams, K.K. 4; Email Address: williamskk@si.edu Zimbelman, J. 4; Email Address: zimbelmanj@si.edu; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: Oxford University Centre for the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution Washington, DC 20013, USA; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 81 Issue 3/4, p440; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeolian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dune; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.04.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
T1  - Site preference of ternary alloying additions to AuTi
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2006/11/30/
VL  - 425
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 239
EP  - 244
SN  - 09258388
AB  - Abstract: Atomistic modeling of the site substitution behavior of several alloying additions, namely, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, and Pt in B2 TiAu is reported. The 30 elements can be grouped according to their absolute preference for a specific site, regardless of concentration, or preference for available sites in the deficient sublattice. Results of large scale simulations are also presented, distinguishing between additions that remain in solution from those that precipitate a second phase. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - TERNARY system
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Gold
KW  - Semi-empirical methods
KW  - Shape memory
KW  - Titanium
N1  - Accession Number: 22963323; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: GuillermoBozzolo@oai.org Mosca, Hugo O. 3 Noebe, Ronald D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, UAM, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina; Source Info: Nov2006, Vol. 425 Issue 1/2, p239; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TERNARY system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.04.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22963323&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rummel, J.D.
AU  - Race, M.S.
T1  - Got life? Hours of boredom followed by moments of sheer terror (and that's just with the press)
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 59
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1160
EP  - 1162
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: It may be hoped that an initial discovery of extraterrestrial life and its disclosure will be done by accident. An event of that kind would have its own dynamic, and while communications about the discovery might be strained at times, there would be less likelihood that lines of inquiry and discourse would have already been taken by the participants and the press. In an ideal world (or worlds), the discovery would come ready-made with a picture or pictures that would be useful as an immediate verification of its reality. But such is not the way of the real world (or worlds, apparently). Lessons learned from the publication of the ALH84001 results in Science magazine are indicative of what may be a more likely scenario. Nonetheless, even that publication was held in confidence for much of the time leading up to NASA''s press conference, and the science team doing the work was accordingly insulated from press inquiry while the work was underway. Envisioning a Mars sample return mission, or other, similar sort of endeavor that may involve a dedicated team of scientists—working under continual public scrutiny—it is clear that the circumstances that surround any fundamental discovery about life in the sample would be quite different. Planning for a communications strategy to support the operations of a Mars sample receiving facility (or facilities) must take those circumstances into account. An optimization of the time spent communicating the results of the facility''s work should acknowledge the time and effort required, and make provisions for the work to proceed without extensive interruptions—and without being influenced by the expectations of the press or the public. This paper will discuss some of the initial planning associated with the communications strategy surrounding such a facility. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - DISCOVERIES in science
KW  - VERIFICATION (Logic)
KW  - TRUTH
KW  - PRESS conferences
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 22472254; Rummel, J.D. 1; Email Address: jrummel@hq.nasa.gov Race, M.S. 2; Email Address: mracemom@aol.com; Affiliation:  1: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, 300 E. Street, SW, 20546 Washington, DC 20546, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94303, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 59 Issue 12, p1160; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in science; Subject Term: VERIFICATION (Logic); Subject Term: TRUTH; Subject Term: PRESS conferences; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.04.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22472254&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David H.
AU  - Strauss, Charlie E. M.
AU  - Rajnarayan, Dev
T1  - ADVANCES IN DISTRIBUTED OPTIMIZATION USING PROBABILITY COLLECTIVES.
JO  - Advances in Complex Systems
JF  - Advances in Complex Systems
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 436
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02195259
AB  - Recent work has shown how information theory extends conventional full-rationality game theory to allow bounded rational agents. The associated mathematical framework can be used to solve distributed optimization and control problems. This is done by translating the distributed problem into an iterated game, where each agent's mixed strategy (i.e. its stochastically determined move) sets a different variable of the problem. So the expected value of the objective function of the distributed problem is determined by the joint probability distribution across the moves of the agents. The mixed strategies of the agents are updated from one game iteration to the next so as to converge on a joint distribution that optimizes that expected value of the objective function. Here, a set of new techniques for this updating is presented. These and older techniques are then extended to apply to uncountable move spaces. We also present an extension of the approach to include (in)equality constraints over the underlying variables. Another contribution is that we show how to extend the Monte Carlo version of the approach to cases where some agents have no Monte Carlo samples for some of their moves, and derive an "automatic annealing schedule.". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Complex Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
KW  - GAME theory
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - distributed control
KW  - Distributed optimization
KW  - probability collectives
KW  - probability collectives.
N1  - Accession Number: 23878709; Wolpert, David H. 1 Strauss, Charlie E. M. 2; Email Address: cems@lanl.gov Rajnarayan, Dev 3; Email Address: dgorur@stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA  3: Department of Aeronautics/Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p383; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Subject Term: GAME theory; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: distributed control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability collectives; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability collectives.; Number of Pages: 54p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenblatt, David
AU  - Paschal, Keith B.
AU  - Chung-Sheng Yao
AU  - Harris, Jerome
AU  - Schaeffler, Norman W.
AU  - Washburn, Anthony E.
T1  - Experimental Investigation of Separation Control Part 1: Baseline and Steady Suction.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2820
EP  - 2820
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Low-speed flow separation over a wall-mounted hump, and its control using steady suction, were studied experimentally in order to generate a data set for the development and evaluation of computational methods. The baseline and controlled data sets comprised time-mean and unsteady surface pressure measurements, flowfield measurements using particle image velocimetry, and wall shear stress obtained via oil-film interferometry. In addition to the specific test cases studied, surface pressures for a wide variety of conditions were acquired for different Reynolds numbers and suction rates. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry and oil-film flow visualization indicated that the baseline time-averaged separated flowfield was two-dimensional. With the application of control, mild three-dimensionality was evident in the spanwise variation of pressure recovery, reattachment location, and spanwise pressure fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - FLOW visualization
N1  - Accession Number: 23759101; Greenblatt, David 1; Email Address: david.greenblatt@pi.tu-berlin.de Paschal, Keith B. 1 Chung-Sheng Yao 1 Harris, Jerome 1 Schaeffler, Norman W. 1 Washburn, Anthony E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p2820; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.13817
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23759101&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenblatt, David
AU  - Paschal, Keith B.
AU  - Chung-Sheng Yao
AU  - Harris, Jerome
T1  - Experimental Investigation of Separation Control Part 2: Zero Mass-Flux Oscillatory Blowing.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2831
EP  - 2831
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The control of a separated flow over a wall-mounted hump, by means of two-dimensional zero mass-flux perturbations, was studied experimentally to generate a data set for the development and evaluation of computational methods. The companion paper (Part 1) considered details of the baseline (uncontrolled) case and a steady-suction control case. The data set for a specific zero mass-flux control case comprised static surface pressures together with phase-averaged unsteady surface pressures and particle image velocimetry flowfield measurements. Additional surface pressures were acquired for a variety of control frequencies, control amplitudes and Reynolds numbers. Due consideration was given to characterizing the flow in the vicinity of the control slot, with and without external flow, and to perturbation two-dimensionality. Triple-decomposition of the fluctuating velocity and pressure fields was employed for presenting and analyzing the experimental data. This facilitated an assessment of the mechanism of separation control and the quantification of the coherent and turbulent surface pressures, Reynolds stresses, and energy fluxes. Spanwise surface pressures and phase-averaged stereoscopic particle image velocimetry data revealed an effectively two-dimensional flowfield despite highly three-dimensional instantaneous flow structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 23759110; Greenblatt, David 1; Email Address: david.greenblatt@pi.tu-berlin.de Paschal, Keith B. 1 Chung-Sheng Yao 1 Harris, Jerome 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p2831; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.19324
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaeffler, Norman W.
AU  - Jenkins, Luther N.
T1  - Isolated Synthetic Jet in Crossflow: Experimental Protocols for a Validation Dataset.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2846
EP  - 2846
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An overview of the data acquisition, reduction, and uncertainty estimates of experimental measurements made of the flowfield created by the interaction of an isolated synthetic jet and a turbulent boundary layer is presented. The experimental measurements were undertaken to serve as the second of three computational fluid dynamics validation databases for active flow control. The validation databases were first presented at the NASA Langley Research Center Workshop on CFD Validation of Synthetic Jets and Turbulent Separation Control (CFDVAL2004) in March 2004. Detailed measurements were made to document the boundary conditions for the flow and also for the phase-averaged flowfield itself. Three component laser-Doppler velocimetry, 2-D particle image velocimetry, and stereo particle image velocimetry were used to document the phase-averaged velocity field and the turbulent stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - LASER Doppler velocimeter
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 23759100; Schaeffler, Norman W. 1 Jenkins, Luther N. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p2846; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: LASER Doppler velocimeter; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.13743
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Georgiadis, Nicholas J.
AU  - Yoder, Dennis A.
AU  - Engblom, William A.
T1  - Evaluation of Modified Two-Equation Turbulence Models for Jet Flow Predictions.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3107
EP  - 3107
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Three two-equation turbulence models developed specifically to improve prediction of jet flowfields are investigated. These models are the Tam-Ganesan k-ε formulation, a standard k-ε model with modification for heated jets referred to as the PAB temperature correction, and a standard k-ε model employing variable diffusion for the k and ε equations. Two standard two-equation models are also investigated for comparison with the modified formulations. The standard models are the Chien k-ε and Menter shear stress transport formulations. All of the models were investigated for a reference nozzle producing heated and unheated jets at a low acoustic Mach number of 0.5 to avoid complications of large compressibility effects. The primary deficiency of the standard models was the delayed initial jet mixing rate. All of the modified turbulence model formulations provided improved mean flow predictions relative to the standard models. The improved mixing rate enabled by the Tam-Ganesan model and the variable diffusion correction resulted from increased turbulent diffusion enabled by both models. The Tam-Ganesan model and PAB temperature correction improved predictions of mean axial velocities for the heated jet, but did not improve prediction of the calculated turbulent kinetic energy fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology)
KW  - SPEED
KW  - STOPPING power (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 23759131; Georgiadis, Nicholas J. 1 Yoder, Dennis A. 1 Engblom, William A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida 32114; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p3107; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology); Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: STOPPING power (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.22650
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23759131&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
T1  - Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes/Large Eddy Simulation Approach for Predicting Jet Noise.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3136
EP  - 3136
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Hybrid acoustic prediction methods have an important advantage over the current Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes based methods in that they only involve modeling of the relatively universal subscale motion and not the configuration-dependent larger-scale turbulence. Unfortunately, they are unable to account for the high-frequency sound generated by the turbulence in the initial mixing layers. This paper introduces an alternative approach that directly calculates the sound from a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large eddy simulation flow model (which can resolve the steep gradients in the initial mixing layers near the nozzle lip) and adopts modeling techniques similar to those used in current Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes based noise prediction methods to determine the unknown sources in the equations for the remaining unresolved components of the sound field. The resulting prediction method would then be intermediate between the current noise prediction codes and previously proposed hybrid noise prediction methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - SOUND
KW  - JET planes -- Noise
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 23759133; Goldstein, M. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p3136; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.22852
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chungsheng Yao
AU  - Fang Jenq Chen
AU  - Neuhart, Dan
T1  - Synthetic Jet Flowfield Database for Computational Fluid Dynamics Validation.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3153
EP  - 3153
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses the flowfield database of synthetic jet for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) validation. The Langley Research Center of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration in Hampton, Virginia held a workshop on CFD validation of synthetic jets and turbulent separation control. A single-wire probe was used during hot-wire measurement with a constant-temperature anemometer.
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - HOT-wire anemometer
KW  - HAMPTON (Va.)
KW  - VIRGINIA
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23759102; Chungsheng Yao 1 Fang Jenq Chen 1 Neuhart, Dan 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p3153; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: HOT-wire anemometer; Subject Term: HAMPTON (Va.); Subject Term: VIRGINIA; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.13819
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DECKER, KELLY L. M.
AU  - BOERNER, RALPH E. J.
T1  - Mass loss and nutrient release from decomposing evergreen and deciduous Nothofagus litters from the Chilean Andes.
JO  - Austral Ecology
JF  - Austral Ecology
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 31
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1015
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14429985
AB  - Leaf litter decomposition experiments were conducted on two deciduous ( Nothofagus obliqua (roble)) and Nothofagus pumilio (lenga)) and one evergreen ( Nothofagus dombeyi) Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) species from a single Chilean forest in order to understand how congeneric trees with differing leaf lifespans impact the soil in which they grow. Single-species litter samples were decomposed in a mixed hardwood forest in Ohio and in a deciduous-evergreen Nothofagus forest in Chile. In the Ohio forest, the two deciduous species’ litters decomposed at k ≈ 1.00 per year and the evergreen at k ≈ 0.75 per year. In Chile k ranged from k ≈ 0.06 ( N. obliqua) to k ≈ 0.23 ( N. pumilio) per year. In both experiments, N and P were released faster from the deciduous litters than from evergreen litter. In Ohio, evergreen litter immobilized more N and P for a longer time period than did deciduous litter. As N. dombeyi stands tend to have lower available soil N and P in this particular mixed Nothofagus forest, the increased time of N and P immobilization by N. dombeyi litter suggests a feedback role of the tree itself in perpetuating low N and P soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Austral Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION of forest litter
KW  - NOTHOFAGUS obliqua
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - NOTHOFAGUS pumilio
KW  - PHOSPHORUS
KW  - PLANT nutrients
KW  - FOLIAR diagnosis
KW  - BIODEGRADATION
KW  - OHIO
KW  - CHILE
KW  - Chilean Nothofagus
KW  - leaf lifespan
KW  - litter decomposition
KW  - nitrogen
KW  - phosphorus
N1  - Accession Number: 23037277; DECKER, KELLY L. M. 1; Email Address: kdecker@mail.arc.nasa.gov BOERNER, RALPH E. J. 2; Affiliation:  1: California State University-Monterey Bay, Mail Stop 242-4, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 31 Issue 8, p1005; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION of forest litter; Subject Term: NOTHOFAGUS obliqua; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: NOTHOFAGUS pumilio; Subject Term: PHOSPHORUS; Subject Term: PLANT nutrients; Subject Term: FOLIAR diagnosis; Subject Term: BIODEGRADATION; Subject Term: OHIO; Subject Term: CHILE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chilean Nothofagus; Author-Supplied Keyword: leaf lifespan; Author-Supplied Keyword: litter decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: phosphorus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01670.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Armstrong, J.B.
AU  - Olson, S.L.
AU  - T'ien, J.S.
T1  - Transient model and experimental validation of low-stretch solid-fuel flame extinction and stabilization in response to a step change in gravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 147
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 262
EP  - 277
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: A transient stagnation point numerical model was developed that includes gas-phase and solid-phase radiation and solid-phase coupling to describe the dynamic transition from a flame at higher stretch to a flame at lower stretch. To validate the model, low-stretch experiments using PMMA samples were performed in NASA Glenn''s Zero Gravity Facility. When the final stretch rate is sufficiently low, the flame transitions to extinction. Above the critical stretch rate, the flame reaches a new steady state with larger flame standoff distance. But the transient process is very dynamic. The model captures the transient behavior of the experimental flame. A parametric study of the surface temperature and standoff distance demonstrates that the flame standoff overshoot at the beginning of the drop is the result of the faster response of the gas phase and the slower response of the solid layer immediate beneath the surface sample. The predicted surface energy balance shows that as the feedback from the flame decreases, the importance of the ongoing heat losses becomes greater, and extinction is observed when these losses represent 80% or more of the flame feedback. Extinction is attributable to insufficient heat feedback to the surface to compensate for existing heat losses under these low-stretch conditions. There is good agreement between the model and both the drop tower and previous buoyant low-stretch experiments in terms of a limiting stretch rate. This work supports the hypothesis that buoyant experiments with large burners can be used to evaluate the low-gravity, low-stretch flammability limits of a material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - FLAME
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Heat loss
KW  - Low-stretch flame
KW  - Solid fuel
KW  - Transient response
N1  - Accession Number: 23281891; Armstrong, J.B. 1 Olson, S.L. 2; Email Address: sandra.olson@grc.nasa.gov T'ien, J.S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 147 Issue 4, p262; Subject Term: THERMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-stretch flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transient response; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.09.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yungster, S.
AU  - Radhakrishnan, K.
AU  - Breisacher, K.
T1  - Computational study of NOx formation in hydrogen-fuelled pulse detonation engines.
JO  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
JF  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 981
EP  - 1002
SN  - 13647830
AB  - The formation of NOx in hydrogen-fuelled pulse detonation engines (PDE) is investigated numerically. The computations are based on the axisymmetric Euler equations and a detailed combustion model consisting of 12 species and 27 reactions. A multi-level, dynamically adaptive grid is utilized, in order to resolve the structure of the detonation front. Computed NO concentrations are in good agreement with experimental measurements obtained at two operating frequencies and two equivalence ratios. Additional computations examine the effects of equivalence ratio and residence time on NOx formation at ambient conditions. The results indicate that NOx formation in PDEs is very high for near stoichiometric mixtures. NOx reduction requires use of lean or rich mixtures and the shortest possible detonation tube. NOx emissions for very lean or very rich mixtures are, however, fairly insensitive to residence time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Theory & Modelling is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROGEN oxides
KW  - COMBUSTION products
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - DETONATION waves
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - HYDROGEN as fuel
KW  - Gaseous detonation
KW  - Oxides of nitrogen
KW  - Pulse detonation engine
KW  - Unsteady combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 23332322; Yungster, S. 1; Email Address: shaye.yungster@grc.nasa.gov Radhakrishnan, K. 1 Breisacher, K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Institute for Computational Mechanics in Propulsion, Cleveland, 44135, OH  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, 44135, OH; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 10 Issue 6, p981; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides; Subject Term: COMBUSTION products; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: DETONATION waves; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HYDROGEN as fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaseous detonation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxides of nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulse detonation engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady combustion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13647830600876629
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
T1  - Modeling the elastic modulus of 2D woven CVI SiC composites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 66
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2804
EP  - 2814
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: The use of fiber, interphase, CVI SiC minicomposites as structural elements for 2D-woven SiC fiber-reinforced chemically vapor infiltrated (CVI) SiC matrix composites is demonstrated to be a viable approach to model the elastic modulus of these composite systems when tensile loaded in an orthogonal direction. The 0° (loading direction) and 90° (perpendicular to loading direction) oriented minicomposites as well as the open porosity and excess SiC associated with CVI SiC composites were all modeled as parallel elements using simple Rule of Mixtures techniques. Excellent agreement for a variety of 2D woven Hi-Nicalon™ fiber-reinforced and Sylramic-iBN reinforced CVI SiC matrix composites that differed in numbers of plies, constituent content, thickness, density, and number of woven tows in either direction (i.e, balanced weaves versus unbalanced weaves) was achieved. It was found that elastic modulus was not only dependent on constituent content, but also the degree to which 90° minicomposites carried load. This depended on the degree of interaction between 90° and 0° minicomposites which was quantified to some extent by composite density. The relationships developed here for elastic modulus only necessitated the knowledge of the fractional contents of fiber, interphase and CVI SiC as well as the tow size and shape. It was concluded that such relationships are fairly robust for orthogonally loaded 2D woven CVI SiC composite system and can be implemented by ceramic matrix composite component modelers and designers for modeling the local stiffness in simple or complex parts fabricated with variable constituent contents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - WEAVING
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - A. Ceramic matrix composites
KW  - Elastic modulus
N1  - Accession Number: 22395304; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: Gregory.N.Morscher@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Ceramics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center MS 106-5, Brookpark, Cleveland, OH 44224, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 66 Issue 15, p2804; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: WEAVING; Subject Term: DENSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic modulus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313220 Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.02.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cartinella, Joshua L.
AU  - Cath, Tzahi Y.
AU  - Flynn, Michael T.
AU  - Miller, Glenn C.
AU  - Hunter Jr., Kenneth W.
AU  - Childress, Amy E.
T1  - Removal of Natural Steroid Hormones from Wastewater Using Membrane Contactor Processes.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2006/12//12/1/2006
VL  - 40
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 7381
EP  - 7386
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Growing demands for potable water have strained water resources and increased interest in wastewater reclamation for potable reuse. This interest has brought increased attention to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) as emerging water contaminants. The effect of EDCs, and in particular natural steroid hormones, on humans is of heightened interest in the study of wastewater reuse in advanced life support systems (e.g., space missions) because they are excreted in urine and have high endocrine- disrupting potencies. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and forward osmosis (FU) are being investigated for wastewater treatment in space. Retention of two natural steroid hormones, estrone and 17β-estradiol, by these two processes was evaluated in the current investigation. DCMD provided greater than 99.5% hormone rejection; DCMD also provided constant flux, greater than 99.9% urea and ammonia rejection, and high water recovery. EU provided from 77 to 99% hormone rejection depending on experiment duration and feed solution chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONSERVATION of natural resources
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - STEROID hormones
KW  - ADRENOCORTICAL hormones
KW  - INDUSTRIAL wastes
KW  - HAZARDOUS substances
KW  - FACTORIES -- Environmental aspects
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL management
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 23334932; Cartinella, Joshua L. 1 Cath, Tzahi Y. 2; Email Address: tcath@mines.edu Flynn, Michael T. 3 Miller, Glenn C. 4 Hunter Jr., Kenneth W. 5 Childress, Amy E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557  2: Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, MISS: 239-11, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  4: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557  5: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, Nevada 89557; Source Info: 12/1/2006, Vol. 40 Issue 23, p7381; Subject Term: CONSERVATION of natural resources; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: STEROID hormones; Subject Term: ADRENOCORTICAL hormones; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL wastes; Subject Term: HAZARDOUS substances; Subject Term: FACTORIES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL management; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL engineering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562112 Hazardous Waste Collection; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es060550i
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Claire, M. W.
AU  - Catling, D. C.
AU  - Zahnle, K. J.
T1  - Biogeochemical modelling of the rise in atmospheric oxygen.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 239
EP  - 269
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Understanding the evolution of atmospheric molecular oxygen levels is a fundamental unsolved problem in Earth's history. We develop a quantitative biogeochemical model that simulates the Palaeoproterozoic transition of the Earth's atmosphere from a weakly reducing state to an O2-rich state. The purpose is to gain an insight into factors that plausibly control the timing and rapidity of the oxic transition. The model uses a simplified atmospheric chemistry (parameterized from complex photochemical models) and evolving redox fluxes in the Earth system. We consider time-dependent fluxes that include organic carbon burial and associated oxygen production, reducing gases from metamorphic and volcanic sources, oxidative weathering, and the escape of hydrogen to space. We find that the oxic transition occurs in a geologically short time when the O2-consuming flux of reducing gases falls below the flux of organic carbon burial that produces O2. A short timescale for the oxic transition is enhanced by a positive feedback due to decreasing destruction of O2 as stratospheric ozone forms, which is captured in our atmospheric chemistry parameterization. We show that one numerically self-consistent solution for the rise of O2 involves a decline in flux of reducing gases driven by irreversible secular oxidation of the crust caused by time-integrated hydrogen escape to space in the preoxic atmosphere, and that this is compatible with constraints from the geological record. In this model, the timing of the oxic transition is strongly affected by buffers of reduced materials, particularly iron, in the continental crust. An alternative version of the model, where greater fluxes of reduced hydrothermal cations from the Archean seafloor consume O2, produces a similar history of O2 and CH4. When climate and biosphere feedbacks are included in our model of the oxic transition, we find that multiple ‘Snowball Earth’ events are simulated under certain circumstances, as methane collapses and rises repeatedly before reaching a new steady-state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 23150358; Claire, M. W. 1; Email Address: mclaire@astro.washington.edu Catling, D. C. 2,3 Zahnle, K. J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  2: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351640, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  4: Mail Stop 245-3, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p239; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00084.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, K.
AU  - Claire, M.
AU  - Catling, D.
T1  - The loss of mass-independent fractionation in sulfur due to a Palaeoproterozoic collapse of atmospheric methane.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 283
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - We use a 1-D numerical model to study the atmospheric photochemistry of oxygen, methane, and sulfur after the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis. We assume that mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of sulfur isotopes – characteristic of the Archean – was best preserved in sediments when insoluble elemental sulfur (S8) was an important product of atmospheric photochemistry. Efficient S8 production requires three things: (i) very low levels of tropospheric O2; (ii) a source of sulfur gases to the atmosphere at least as large as the volcanic SO2 source today; and (iii) a sufficiently high abundance of methane or other reduced gas. All three requirements must be met. We suggest that the disappearance of a strong MIF sulfur signature at the beginning of the Proterozoic is better explained by the collapse of atmospheric methane, rather than by a failure of volcanism or the rise of oxygen. The photochemical models are consistent in demanding that methane decline before O2 can rise (although they are silent as to how quickly), and the collapse of a methane greenhouse effect is consistent with the onset of major ice ages immediately following the disappearance of MIF sulfur. We attribute the decline of methane to the growth of the oceanic sulfate pool as indicated by the widening envelope of mass-dependent sulfur fractionation through the Archean. We find that a given level of biological forcing can support either oxic or anoxic atmospheres, and that the transition between the anoxic state and the oxic state is inhibited by high levels of atmospheric methane. Transition from an oxygen-poor to an oxygen-rich atmosphere occurs most easily when methane levels are low, which suggests that the collapse of methane not only caused the end of MIF S and major ice ages, but it may also have enabled the rise of O2. In this story the early Proterozoic ice ages were ended by the establishment of a stable oxic atmosphere, which protected a renewed methane greenhouse with an ozone shield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFUR
KW  - METHANE
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - VOLCANISM
N1  - Accession Number: 23150357; Zahnle, K. 1; Email Address: kevin.j.zahnle@nasa.gov Claire, M. 2 Catling, D. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Astrobiology Program and Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Box 351640, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1640, USA  3: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queen's Road, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p271; Subject Term: SULFUR; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: VOLCANISM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00085.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
AU  - Bell Ill, J.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K.
AU  - Johnson, J.
AU  - Knoll, A.
AU  - McCartney, E.
AU  - McLennan, S.
AU  - Metz, J.
AU  - Moore, J.
AU  - Squyres, S.
AU  - Sullivan, R.
AU  - Ahronson, O.
AU  - Arvidson, R.
AU  - B. Joliff
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Lewis, K.
AU  - Parker, T.
AU  - Soderblom, J.
T1  - Sedimentary textures formed by aqueous processes, Erebus crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1085
EP  - 1088
SN  - 00917613
AB  - New observations at Erebus crater (Olympia outcrop) by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity between sols 671 and 735 (a sol is a martian day) indicate that a diverse suite of primary and penecontemporaneous sedimentary structures is preserved in sulfate-rich bedrock. Centimeter-scale trough (festoon) cross-lamination is abundant, and is better expressed and thicker than previously described examples. Postdepositional shrinkage cracks in the same outcrop are interpreted to have formed in response to desiccation. Considered collectively, this suite of sedimentary structures provides strong support for the involvement of liquid water during accumulation of sedimentary rocks at Meridiani Planum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEDIMENTARY structures
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - METEORITE craters
KW  - CONCRETE -- Expansion & contraction
KW  - SAND
KW  - DIAGENESIS
KW  - OUTCROPS (Geology)
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - cross-lamination
KW  - Mars
KW  - sedimentary structures
KW  - shrinkage cracks
KW  - water
N1  - Accession Number: 23498028; Grotzinger, J. 1 Bell Ill, J. 2 Herkenhoff, K. 3 Johnson, J. 3 Knoll, A. 4 McCartney, E. 2 McLennan, S. 5 Metz, J. 1 Moore, J. 6 Squyres, S. 2 Sullivan, R. 2 Ahronson, O. 1 Arvidson, R. 7 B. Joliff 7 Golombek, M. 8 Lewis, K. 1 Parker, T. 8 Soderblom, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA  3: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA  4: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  5: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2100, USA  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 34 Issue 12, p1085; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY structures; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: METEORITE craters; Subject Term: CONCRETE -- Expansion & contraction; Subject Term: SAND; Subject Term: DIAGENESIS; Subject Term: OUTCROPS (Geology); Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: cross-lamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: sedimentary structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: shrinkage cracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: water; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1 130/G22985A
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoffman, Larry F.
AU  - Ross, Muriel D.
AU  - Varelas, Joseph
AU  - Jones, Sherri M.
AU  - Jones, Timothy A.
T1  - Afferent synapses are present in utricular hair cells from otoconia-deficient mice
JO  - Hearing Research
JF  - Hearing Research
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 222
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 42
SN  - 03785955
AB  - Abstract: The head tilt mouse (het/het, abbr. het) is a naturally occurring mutant whose salient phenotypic traits include the complete absence of otoconia in both the utricle and saccule. Cursory histologic evaluation has indicated that the neuroepithelia exhibit a normal appearance. Though evidence exists indicating that utricular function is severely if not completely compromised in these animals, it is not yet known whether afferent synapses exist within utricular hair cells of otoconia-deficient mutants. The absence of synapses would be suggestive of a trophic relationship between stimulus-evoked hair cell activation and the afferent synapse. To address this question, we have conducted an ultrastructural survey of utricular sensory epithelia from confirmed het mice. The specific objective was to determine whether utricular hair cells made synaptic contact with afferent neurons. We found that both type I and II hair cells from utricles of het mice exhibited afferent synapses that were found at numerous sites distributed throughout the utricle. These results indicate that afferent synapses within vestibular hair cells do not critically depend upon stimulus-evoked activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Hearing Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEURAL circuitry
KW  - NEURAL transmission
KW  - SYNAPSES
KW  - OTOLITHS
KW  - Gravity orientation
KW  - Head-tilt
KW  - Labyrinth
KW  - Synaptic ribbon
KW  - Vestibular
N1  - Accession Number: 23050280; Hoffman, Larry F. 1; Email Address: lfh@ucla.edu Ross, Muriel D. 2 Varelas, Joseph 3 Jones, Sherri M. 4 Jones, Timothy A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Division of Head and Neck Surgery and Brain Research Institute, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Box 951624, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1624, USA  2: Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA  3: BioVIS Technology Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, School of Allied Health Sciences, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 222 Issue 1/2, p35; Subject Term: NEURAL circuitry; Subject Term: NEURAL transmission; Subject Term: SYNAPSES; Subject Term: OTOLITHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Head-tilt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Labyrinth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synaptic ribbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vestibular; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.heares.2006.05.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Rinkle
AU  - Mohan, Ned
AU  - Ayyanar, Rajapandian
AU  - Button, Robert
T1  - A Comprehensive Analysis of Hybrid Phase-Modulated Converter With Current-Doubler Rectifier and Comparison With Its Center-Tapped Counterpart.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1870
EP  - 1880
SN  - 02780046
AB  - A hybrid phase-modulated converter (HPMC) is a recent innovation in the family of soft-switching converters. It is a promising solution to most soft-switching issues. The principal bottleneck in achieving higher efficiency with this topology is the secondary side loss—mainly the losses in the transformer and the rectifier. For low-voltage high-current power supplies, the current-doubler rectification of HPMC addresses both the transformer conduction losses and the rectifier losses. The presence of an additional path for quiescent current in this scheme gives rise to a third mode of operation. There is also the possibility of magnetic integration of all the magnetic components into one, which can cause substantial reduction in magnetic requirements. These facts make the analysis of current doubler important. In this paper, all the operating modes are identified and corresponding equations and equivalent circuits that aid in filter and control design are derived. The zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) characteristics, filter requirement, small-signal transfer characteristics, device ratings, and magnetics size requirement are considered to compare this configuration with its center-tapped counterpart. The current-doubler scheme is found to have superior soft-switching characteristics in that it can achieve ZVS at lighter loads with a much lower peak magnetizing current in the transformer and leakage inductance. Also, a judicious choice of output current ripple can give an overall reduced magnetics requirement. The analyses are verified by simulation and hardware implementation. HPMC is found to be most advantageous for applications with input voltages essentially constant, but the output voltage widely varying, for example in battery chargers and converters with power factor correction front end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuit design
KW  - CASCADE converters
KW  - ELECTRIC inductance
KW  - SWITCHING circuits
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - CONDUCTION electrons
KW  - Current doubler
KW  - phase-modulated converter (PMC)
KW  - zero-voltage switching (ZVS)
N1  - Accession Number: 23627708; Jain, Rinkle 1; Email Address: rinkle.jain@intel.com Mohan, Ned 2; Email Address: mohan@umn.edu Ayyanar, Rajapandian 3; Email Address: rayyanar@asu.edu Button, Robert 4; Email Address: robert.button@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1870; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuit design; Subject Term: CASCADE converters; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inductance; Subject Term: SWITCHING circuits; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: CONDUCTION electrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Current doubler; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase-modulated converter (PMC); Author-Supplied Keyword: zero-voltage switching (ZVS); NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIE.2006.885159
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23627708&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Likar, Justin J.
AU  - Bogorad, Alexander L.
AU  - Malko, Thomas R.
AU  - Goodzeit, Neil E.
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
AU  - Mandell, Myron J.
T1  - Interaction of Charged Spacecraft with Electric Propulsion Plume: On Orbit Data and Ground Test Results.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2006/12//Dec2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3602
EP  - 3606
SN  - 00189499
AB  - On-orbit observations and ground tests demonstrate interaction between charged spacecraft and electrothermal thruster-generated plasma. On-orbit measurements and test results are presented for plasma diagnostics and solar array performance during long-term exposure of flight solar panel. The long-term performance of a flight 70V 2m × 4 m GEO solar array exposed to a 2 kW arcjet plasma environment was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ELECTRIC motors -- Testing
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - GATE array circuits
KW  - LOGIC devices
KW  - LOGIC design
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - Electrostatic discharges
KW  - photovoltaic space power systems
KW  - space vehicle propulsion
KW  - surface charging
N1  - Accession Number: 23689317; Likar, Justin J. 1; Email Address: justin.j.likar@lmco.com Bogorad, Alexander L. 1; Email Address: alexanderi.bogorad@lmco.com Malko, Thomas R. 2; Email Address: thomas.r.malko@lmco.com Goodzeit, Neil E. 1; Email Address: neil.e.goodzeit1@lmco.com Galofaro, Joel T. 3; Email Address: joel.t.galofaro@nasa.gov Mandell, Myron J. 4; Email Address: myron.j.rnandell@saic.com; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems, Newtown, PA 18940 USA  2: Lockheed Martin Commercial Space Systems, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  4: Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121 USA; Source Info: Dec2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p3602; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ELECTRIC motors -- Testing; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: GATE array circuits; Subject Term: LOGIC devices; Subject Term: LOGIC design; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: photovoltaic space power systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: space vehicle propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface charging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2006.885107
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23689317&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuo, Spencer P.
AU  - Rubinraut, Maurice
AU  - Popovic, Svetozar
AU  - Bivolaru, Daniel
T1  - Characteristic Study of a Portable Arc Microwave Plasma Torch.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2006/12//Dec2006 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2537
EP  - 2544
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The development of a plasma torch, which carries desirable features to be an ignition aide within a supersonic cornbustor, is studied. The desirable features include: 1) a microwave adaptor arrangement to couple additional power (from microwave as well as arc discharge) to the plasma torch; 2) an additional port for fuel injection; and 3) compactness (including the power supply), portability, and light weight. The plasma jet generated by this torch is described by the cycle energy of the discharge and by the imaging of its plume under various conditions, supply air pressures, and microwave (on or off) to the torch. This torch system, with its high-voltage discharge, is operated in periodic (60-Hz) mode. The capacitors in the circuit of the power supply are charged at a line frequency of 60 Hz, resulting in a cyclical discharge. The cycle energy reaches up to 12 J. The microwave electric field has a profound effect on the arc discharge. It intensifies the emission and increases the volume of the arc loop region. It also enhances the electron temperature significantly, as shown by the emission spectroscopy of the torch. The spatial distribution of the microwave electric field outside the nozzle of the torch module is not affected by the supersonic crossflow, which is a favorable feature for increasing the penetration depth of the torch plume into the supersonic crossflow in the combustor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA jets
KW  - MICROWAVE devices
KW  - CAPACITORS
KW  - PLASMA devices
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - Fuel injector
KW  - ignition aide
KW  - microwave plasma-torch module
KW  - nonequilibrium plasma at atmospheric pressure
KW  - scramjet
KW  - supersonic combustor
N1  - Accession Number: 23576237; Kuo, Spencer P. 1; Email Address: skuo@duke.poly.edu Rubinraut, Maurice 1; Email Address: mrubinraut@gmail.com Popovic, Svetozar 2; Email Address: popovic@physics.odu.edu Bivolaru, Daniel 3; Email Address: d.bivolaru@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA  2: Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA; Source Info: Dec2006 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p2537; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; Subject Term: MICROWAVE devices; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Subject Term: PLASMA devices; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel injector; Author-Supplied Keyword: ignition aide; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave plasma-torch module; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonequilibrium plasma at atmospheric pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: scramjet; Author-Supplied Keyword: supersonic combustor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2006.884792
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23576237&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Betts, Bradley J.
AU  - Binsted, Kim
AU  - Jorgensen, Charles
T1  - Small-vocabulary speech recognition using surface electromyography
JO  - Interacting with Computers
JF  - Interacting with Computers
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1242
EP  - 1259
SN  - 09535438
AB  - Abstract: We present results of electromyographic (EMG) speech recognition on a small vocabulary of 15 English words. EMG speech recognition holds promise for mitigating the effects of high acoustic noise on speech intelligibility in communication systems, including those used by first responders (a focus of this work). We collected 150 examples per word of single-channel EMG data from a male subject, speaking normally while wearing a firefighter’s self-contained breathing apparatus. The signal processing consisted of an activity detector, a feature extractor, and a neural network classifier. Testing produced an overall average correct classification rate on the 15 words of 74% with a 95% confidence interval of (71%, 77%). Once trained, the subject used a classifier as part of a real-time system to communicate to a cellular phone and to control a robotic device. These tasks were performed under an ambient noise level of approximately 95 decibels. We also describe ongoing work on phoneme-level EMG speech recognition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Interacting with Computers is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPEECH perception
KW  - AUDITORY perception
KW  - LEXICOLOGY
KW  - VOCABULARY
KW  - Bioelectric
KW  - Electromyography
KW  - EMG
KW  - EMG speech recognition
KW  - First responder
KW  - Pattern recognition
KW  - SCBA
N1  - Accession Number: 23049480; Betts, Bradley J. 1; Email Address: bradley.betts@stanfordalumni.org Binsted, Kim 2; Email Address: binsted@hawaii.edu Jorgensen, Charles 3; Email Address: cjorgensen@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: NASA-UH Astrobiology Institute, Information and Computer Sciences Department, University of Hawaii, Post 317, 1680 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96744, USA  3: Neuro-Engineering Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p1242; Subject Term: SPEECH perception; Subject Term: AUDITORY perception; Subject Term: LEXICOLOGY; Subject Term: VOCABULARY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioelectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromyography; Author-Supplied Keyword: EMG; Author-Supplied Keyword: EMG speech recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: First responder; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pattern recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: SCBA; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intcom.2006.08.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23049480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
AU  - Benson, David J.
AU  - DuBois, Paul
AU  - Lee, Ryan
T1  - A phenomenological high strain rate model with failure for ice
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 43
IS  - 25/26
M3  - Article
SP  - 7820
EP  - 7839
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: Modeling the high velocity impact of ice was a requirement in the safety calculations for the return-to-flight of the Space Shuttle on July 26, 2005. Ice, however, is not a common structural material and commercial finite element programs did not have any appropriate models. A phenomenological model with failure was developed to match experimental ballistic tests. The model has a relatively small number of material constants, most of which have been measured experimentally. A description of the model and comparisons of calculations to experiments are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPEED
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - ICE
KW  - MOTION
KW  - Eulerian
KW  - Finite element
KW  - Ice
KW  - Impact
KW  - Plasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 22950318; Carney, Kelly S. 1 Benson, David J. 2; Email Address: dbenson@ucsd.edu DuBois, Paul 3 Lee, Ryan 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Mail Stop 0411, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA  3: Freiligrathstrasse 6, 63071 Offenbach, Germany  4: The Boeing Company, Rotorcraft Division, Structures, Technology, and Prototyping, Industrial Hwy and Stewert Ave., Ridley Park, PA 19078, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 43 Issue 25/26, p7820; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: MOTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eulerian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.04.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22950318&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cress, Cory D.
AU  - Landi, Brian J.
AU  - Raffaelle, Ryne P.
AU  - Wilt, David M.
T1  - InGaP alpha voltaic batteries: Synthesis, modeling, and radiation tolerance.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/12//12/1/2006
VL  - 100
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 114519
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The viability of InGaP diodes coupled with α-particle sources as radioisotope power supplies is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The electrical power output of epitaxially grown InGaP p-type/n-type (p/n) junction diodes coupled with 241Am and 210Po α-particle sources was measured. A theoretical model was developed that determines the α-particle energy deposition profile within an InGaP diode when irradiated by an omnidirectional α-particle source. The results of the model illustrate the dramatic influence the radiation source/diode configuration has on the α-particle energy deposition profile within a device. Progress has been shown towards increasing the radiation tolerance of the InGaP devices, which included utilizing an intrinsic region and reducing the junction thickness. Introduction of the intrinsic region within a conventional n/p diode to form a n-type/intrinsic/p-type diode enabled the device to withstand a ten times greater fluence of 4.2 MeV α particles before decreasing to 50% of its original power output under simulated air mass zero illumination, when compared to an abrupt junction device with the same active region thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR batteries
KW  - RADIATION tolerance
KW  - DIODES
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - METAL organic chemical vapor deposition
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 30106389; Cress, Cory D. 1 Landi, Brian J. 1 Raffaelle, Ryne P. 1 Wilt, David M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NanoPower Research Laboratories and Microsystems Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 12/1/2006, Vol. 100 Issue 11, p114519; Subject Term: NUCLEAR batteries; Subject Term: RADIATION tolerance; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: METAL organic chemical vapor deposition; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2390623
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30106389&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anantram, M. P.
AU  - Svizhenko, A.
AU  - Martinez, A.
T1  - Erratum: “Two-dimensional quantum mechanical modeling of nanotransistors” [J. Appl. Phys. 91, 2343 (2002)].
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2006/12//12/1/2006
VL  - 100
IS  - 11
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 119903
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - A correction to the article “Two-dimensional quantum mechanical modeling of nanotransistors” is presented.
KW  - QUANTUM theory
N1  - Accession Number: 30106417; Anantram, M. P. 1 Svizhenko, A. 1 Martinez, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: EEE Department, Rankine Building, Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8LT, United Kingdom; Source Info: 12/1/2006, Vol. 100 Issue 11, p119903; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1063/1.2393002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30106417&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nhan Nguyen
AU  - Ardema, Mark
T1  - Optimality of Hyperbolic Partial Differential Equations With Dynamically Constrained Periodic Boundary Control—A Flow Control Application.
JO  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
JF  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 128
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 21
SN  - 00220434
AB  - The article discusses the optimal control of distributed-parameter systems regulated by first order, quasilinear hyperbolic partial differential equations arising from an optimal control problem on physical systems. The distributed system is controlled by a boundary control action which is subjected to a dynamic constraint imposed by a lumped-parameter system. The resulting partial differential equations are coupled with ordinary differential equations via periodic boundary condition.
KW  - COUPLED mode theory (Wave-motion)
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - HYPERBOLIC differential equations
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - CALCULUS
N1  - Accession Number: 24100474; Nhan Nguyen 1 Ardema, Mark 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 128 Issue 4, p21; Subject Term: COUPLED mode theory (Wave-motion); Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC differential equations; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: CALCULUS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2362814
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24100474&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walsh, Brian M.
AU  - Barnes, Norman P.
AU  - Reichle, Donald J.
AU  - Jiang, Shibin
T1  - Optical properties of Tm3+ ions in alkali germanate glass
JO  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
JF  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 352
IS  - 50/51
M3  - Article
SP  - 5344
EP  - 5352
SN  - 00223093
AB  - Abstract: Tm-doped alkali germanate glass is investigated for use as a laser material. Spectroscopic investigations of bulk Tm-doped germanate glass are reported for the absorption, emission and luminescence decay. Tm:germanate shows promise as a fiber laser when pumped with 0.792μm diodes because of low phonon energies. Spectroscopic analysis indicates low non-radiative quenching and pulsed laser performance studies confirm this prediction by showing a quantum efficiency of 1.69. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLASS -- Research
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - LASER materials
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Germanates
KW  - Lasers
KW  - Luminescence
KW  - Optical fibers
KW  - Optical spectroscopy
KW  - Rare-earths in glasses
KW  - Thulium
KW  - Upconversion
N1  - Accession Number: 22947216; Walsh, Brian M. 1; Email Address: b.m.walsh@larc.nasa.gov Barnes, Norman P. 1 Reichle, Donald J. 1 Jiang, Shibin 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 5 North Dryden Street, Mail Stop 468, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: NP Photonics, Tucson, AZ 85747, United States; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 352 Issue 50/51, p5344; Subject Term: GLASS -- Research; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: LASER materials; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Germanates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lasers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rare-earths in glasses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thulium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upconversion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.08.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22947216&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hase, F.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Sauval, A.J.
AU  - Toon, G.C.
AU  - Bernath, P.F.
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Hannigan, J.W.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
T1  - An empirical line-by-line model for the infrared solar transmittance spectrum from 700 to 5000cm-1
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 102
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 450
EP  - 463
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: An empirical line-by-line model for the infrared solar transmittance spectrum is presented. The model can be incorporated into radiative transfer codes to allow fast calculation of all relevant emission and absorption features in the solar spectrum in the mid-infrared region from 700 to . The transmittance is modelled as a function of the diameter of the field-of-view centered on the solar disk: the line broadening due to solar rotation as well as center-to-limb variations in strength and width are taken into account for stronger lines. Applications of the model presented here are in the fields of terrestrial remote sensing in the mid-infrared spectral region when the sun is used as radiation source or scattered solar radiation contributes to the measured signal and in the fields of atmospheric radiative transfer algorithms which compute the propagation of infrared solar radiation in the terrestrial atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - Atmospheric trace gases
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Retrieval algorithms
KW  - Solar spectrum
N1  - Accession Number: 22148763; Hase, F. 1; Email Address: frank.hase@imk.fzk.de Demoulin, P. 2 Sauval, A.J. 3 Toon, G.C. 4 Bernath, P.F. 5 Goldman, A. 6 Hannigan, J.W. 7 Rinsland, C.P. 8; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany  2: Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, allée du VI août, 17, bâtiment B5a, B-4000, Liège, Belgium  3: Observatoire Royal de Belgique, avenue circulaire, 3, B-1180, Bruxelles, Belgium  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2L3G1  6: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  7: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 102 Issue 3, p450; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric trace gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retrieval algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar spectrum; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.02.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linfa Zhu
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Multiscale Analysis Including Strain Rate Dependency for Transient Response of Composite Laminated Shells.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 25
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1831
AB  - A multiscale micro-macro numerical procedure has been developed to model the transient responses of polymeric composite shell structures. A micromechanics model which accounts for the transverse shear stress effect, the effect of strain rate dependency, and the effect of inelasticity is used for analyzing the mechanical responses of the fiber and matrix constituents. The accuracy of the micromechanics model under transverse shear loading is verified by comparison with an existing procedure. A higher-order laminated shell theory is extended to capture the inelastic deformations of the composite shell and is implemented using the finite element technique. A detailed parametric study is conducted to investigate the influence of geometry, ply stacking sequence, material models, and loading conditions on the transient response of laminated shell structures under impact loadings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - TRANSIENTS (Dynamics)
KW  - higher-order laminated theory
KW  - micromechanics model
KW  - multiscale numerical simulation
KW  - polymer matrix composites
KW  - transient response
N1  - Accession Number: 23271254; Linfa Zhu 1; Email Address: linfa.zhu@asu.edu Chattopadhyay, Aditi 1 Goldberg, Robert K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 25 Issue 17, p1795; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: TRANSIENTS (Dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: higher-order laminated theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: micromechanics model; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiscale numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient response; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 33 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684406068448
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dingemans, T.
AU  - Knijnenberg, A.
AU  - Iqbal, M.
AU  - Weiser, E.
AU  - Stclair, T.
T1  - All-aromatic liquid crystal thermosets: New high-performance materials for structural applications.
JO  - Liquid Crystals Today
JF  - Liquid Crystals Today
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 24
SN  - 1358314X
AB  - Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in all-aromatic crosslinked liquid crystal (LC) systems for structural, electronics and coatings applications. In this paper we will give a brief overview of our work on oligomeric liquid crystals end-capped with phenylethynyl reactive end-groups. All reactive oligomers were synthesized using standard melt-condensation techniques and the final products form homogeneous nematic melts over a wide temperature range (220-400 °C). The reactive LC oligomers could be cured at elevated temperatures (310-400 °C) to form true rigid-rod nematic networks. As will be demonstrated, this oligomer approach allows us to design all-aromatic nematic networks with a variety of favorable physical, mechanical and processing characteristics. Depending on the backbone chemistry, and end-group concentration, we can access liquid crystal thermosets with Tg's between 110-280 °C and storage moduli (E') of 2-5 GPa. The oligomeric nature of our reactive LCs results in excellent melt processing characteristics (|η*| ≥ 1 Pa.s at 100 rad.s-1) and allows for the processing of complex structures such as fiber-reinforced composites. Based on our current results we are convinced that reactive all-aromatic liquid crystals can be interesting alternatives over existing high-performance polymers such as polyarylether ketones (PEEK and PEKK) polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) and polyetherimides (PEIs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Liquid Crystals Today is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOSETTING composites
KW  - LIQUID crystals
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - COATING processes
N1  - Accession Number: 33401526; Dingemans, T. 1; Email Address: t.j.dingemans@tudelft.nl Knijnenberg, A. 1 Iqbal, M. 1 Weiser, E. 2 Stclair, T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS Delft, The Netherlands  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 15 Issue 4, p19; Subject Term: THERMOSETTING composites; Subject Term: LIQUID crystals; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Subject Term: COATING processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14645180701470371
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Hansen, G.B.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - D’Aversa, E.
AU  - Griffith, C.A.
AU  - Baines, E.K.H.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Dalle Ore, C.M.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Hibbitts, C.A.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Lunine, J.I.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Sotin, C.
T1  - Composition of Titan's surface from Cassini VIMS
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2006/12//
VL  - 54
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1524
EP  - 1539
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Titan''s bulk density along with Solar System formation models indicates considerable water as well as silicates as its major constituents. This satellite''s dense atmosphere of nitrogen with methane is unique. Deposits or even oceans of organic compounds have been suggested to exist on Titan''s solid surface due to UV-induced photochemistry in the atmosphere. Thus, the composition of the surface is a major piece of evidence needed to determine Titan''s history. However, studies of the surface are hindered by the thick, absorbing, hazy and in some places cloudy atmosphere. Ground-based telescope investigations of the integral disk of Titan attempted to observe the surface albedo in spectral windows between methane absorptions by calculating and removing the haze effects. Their results were reported to be consistent with water ice on the surface that is contaminated with a small amount of dark material, perhaps organic material like tholin. We analyze here the recent Cassini Mission''s visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) observations that resolve regions on Titan. VIMS is able to see surface features and shows that there are spectral and therefore likely compositional units. By several methods, spectral albedo estimates within methane absorption windows between 0.75 and 5μm were obtained for different surface units using VIMS image cubes from the Cassini-Huygens Titan Ta encounter. Of the spots studied, there appears to be two compositional classes present that are associated with the lower albedo and the higher albedo materials, with some variety among the brighter regions. These were compared with spectra of several different candidate materials. Our results show that the spectrum of water ice contaminated with a darker material matches the reflectance of the lower albedo Titan regions if the spectral slope from 2.71 to 2.79μm in the poorly understood 2.8-μm methane window is ignored. The spectra for brighter regions are not matched by the spectrum of water ice or unoxidized tholin, in pure form or in mixtures with sufficient ice or tholin present to allow the water ice or tholin spectral features to be discerned. We find that the 2.8-μm methane absorption window is complex and seems to consist of two weak subwindows at 2.7 and 2.8μm that have unknown opacities. A ratio image at these two wavelengths reveals an anomalous region on Titan that has a reflectance unlike any material so far identified, but it is unclear how much the reflectances in these two subwindows pertain to the surface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Cassini
KW  - Composition
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Surface
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 23222026; McCord, T.B. 1; Email Address: mccordtb@aol.com Hansen, G.B. 2 Buratti, B.J. 3 Clark, R.N. 4 Cruikshank, D.P. 5 D’Aversa, E. 6 Griffith, C.A. 7 Baines, E.K.H. 3 Brown, R.H. 7 Dalle Ore, C.M. 5,8 Filacchione, G. 6 Formisano, V. 6 Hibbitts, C.A. 9 Jaumann, R. 10 Lunine, J.I. 6,7 Nelson, R.M. 3 Sotin, C. 11; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Institute NW, 22 Fiddler's Road, Winthrop, WA 98862-0667, USA  2: Department of E. & Sp. Sci, 351310, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: USGS, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Instituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy  7: Department Pl. Sci and LPL, University of AZ, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  8: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  9: Johns Hopkins University Appl. Phys. Laboratory, Columbia, MD, USA  10: DLR, Institute for Planet, Expl. Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  11: University of Nantes, BP 92208, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44072 Nantes Cedex 3, France; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 54 Issue 15, p1524; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.06.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
AU  - Darve, Eric
T1  - A Bayesian Approach to Calculating Free Energies in Chemical and Biological Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2006/12/02/
VL  - 872
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A common objective of molecular simulations in chemistry and biology is to calculate the free energy difference between systems of interest. We propose to improve estimates of these free energies by modeling the underlying probability distribution as a the square of a “wave function”, which is a linear combination of Gram-Charlier polynomials. The number of terms, N, in this expansion is determined by calculating the posterior probability, P(N | X), where X stands for all energy differences sampled in a simulation. The method offers significantly improved free energy estimates when the probability distribution is broad and non-Gaussian, which makes it applicable to challenging problems, such as protein-drug interactions. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - BAYESIAN field theory
KW  - BIOLOGICAL systems
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - DRUG interactions
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - Free energy
KW  - Gram-Charlier polynomials
KW  - Maximum Likelihood
N1  - Accession Number: 23431954; Pohorille, Andrew 1 Darve, Eric 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94025; Source Info: 2006, Vol. 872 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: BAYESIAN field theory; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL systems; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: DRUG interactions; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: Free energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gram-Charlier polynomials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maximum Likelihood; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2423257
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Xuhui
AU  - Yu, Bin
AU  - Ng, Garrick
AU  - Nguyen, Thuc Dinh
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - III-VI compound semiconductor indium selenide (In2Se3) nanowires: Synthesis and characterization.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/12/04/
VL  - 89
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 233121
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The authors report the synthesis of one-dimensional indium selenide nanowire, a III-VI group compound semiconductor nanostructure with potential applications in data storage, solar cells, and optoelectronics. Nanoscale gold particles were used as catalysts and growth was also demonstrated using indium as self-catalyst. The growth mechanism is confirmed to be vapor-liquid-solid process by in situ heating experiments in which In and Se were found to diffuse back into the gold catalyst bead forming a Au–In–Se alloy that was molten at elevated temperatures. The morphology, composition, and crystal structure of the In2Se3 nanowires (NWs) were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SELENIDES
KW  - INDIUM compounds
KW  - COMPOUND semiconductors
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - GOLD
KW  - OPTOELECTRONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 23489746; Sun, Xuhui 1 Yu, Bin 1; Email Address: byu@mail.arc.nasa.gov Ng, Garrick 1 Nguyen, Thuc Dinh 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 12/4/2006, Vol. 89 Issue 23, p233121; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SELENIDES; Subject Term: INDIUM compounds; Subject Term: COMPOUND semiconductors; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: GOLD; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONICS; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2388890
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, C.H.
AU  - Huang, M.Q.
AU  - Foster, John E.
AU  - Monnette, G.
AU  - Middleton, J.
AU  - Higgins, A.
AU  - Liu, S.
T1  - Effect of surface modification on mechanical properties and thermal stability of Sm–Co high temperature magnetic materials
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2006/12/04/
VL  - 201
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3430
EP  - 3437
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: The effects of different surface modifications on the mechanical properties and thermal stability of Sm–Co high temperature magnets are reported in this paper. The fracture toughness was increased by 76% for the specimens modified with the Ni plating from sulfamate electrolyte. Compared to the uncoated magnets, the thermal stability of the modified magnets was improved by 143% in high vacuum condition for aging at 500 °C up to 3000 h and by 761% in air for aging at 500 °C up to 2700 h. Microstructures of the specimens with and without surface modifications were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), showing different fracture patterns. The improvements in mechanical properties were made by closing the infinite crack-origin sites on the surface of the magnets with ductile metal. The striking improvement in thermal stability was achieved by sealing the magnet body with corrosion resistive metal to limit oxidation. The adhesive bond strength between the magnet and the modified surface plays an important role in these improvements. The nickel plating from sulfamate electrolyte provides epitaxial growth of Ni from the surface of the Sm–Co magnet, which results in a stronger bond strength in between the Ni and the base material than that of the Sm–Co base material itself. Improved mechanical properties and thermal stability will benefit the development of compact, high power density electric propulsion devices for NASA''s space missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SOLENOIDS
KW  - MAGNETISM
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - Adhesive bond strength
KW  - Fracture toughness
KW  - High temperature rare earth magnets
KW  - Ni plating from sulfamate electrolyte
KW  - Surface modification
KW  - Thermal stability
N1  - Accession Number: 23163047; Chen, C.H. 1; Email Address: Christina.chen@udri.udayton.edu Huang, M.Q. 2 Foster, John E. 3 Monnette, G. 4 Middleton, J. 4 Higgins, A. 1 Liu, S. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Dayton Magnetics Lab. 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469, USA  2: UES Inc./Wright Patterson Air Force Base Laboratory, Dayton, OH 45431, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Hohman Plating and Mfg., Inc, 814 Hillrose Ave. Dayton, OH 45404, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 201 Issue 6, p3430; Subject Term: HEAT; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SOLENOIDS; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesive bond strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature rare earth magnets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni plating from sulfamate electrolyte; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface modification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal stability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.07.233
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramírez-Rico, J.
AU  - López-Robledo, M.J.
AU  - de Arellano-López, A.R.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, J.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Fabrication and microstructure of directionally solidified SrCe1− x Y x O3− δ  (x =0.1, 0.2) high temperature proton conductors
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2006/12/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 3705
EP  - 3710
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: SrCe1− x Y x O3− δ  (x =0.1, 0.2) high temperature proton conductors (HTPC) have been fabricated by directional solidification using a laser-heated float zone (LHFZ) method. The resulting microstructures have been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The LHFZ method produces a cellular microstructure consisting of crystalline cells embedded in an amorphous matrix, showing a strong biaxial texture. EBSD studies show that all the crystalline cells have their <001> axis as described in the cubic Pm3m prototype unit cell parallel to the growth direction. The observed microstructural features are explained in terms of the fabrication process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - ELECTRONS -- Backscattering
KW  - Fuel cells
KW  - Laser processing
KW  - Perovskites
KW  - Proton conduction
KW  - Sr(Ce, Y)O3
N1  - Accession Number: 22506143; Ramírez-Rico, J. 1; Email Address: jrr@us.es López-Robledo, M.J. 1 de Arellano-López, A.R. 1 Martínez-Fernández, J. 1 Sayir, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada-ICMSE, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Apdo, 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain  2: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field-21000 Brookpark Road-Mail Stop 106-1-Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 26 Issue 16, p3705; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRONS -- Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perovskites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proton conduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sr(Ce, Y)O3; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2005.12.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landi, Brian J.
AU  - Evans, Chris M.
AU  - Worman, James J.
AU  - Castro, Stephanie L.
AU  - Bailey, Sheila G.
AU  - Raffaelle, Ryne P.
T1  - Noncovalent attachment of CdSe quantum dots to single wall carbon nanotubes
JO  - Materials Letters
JF  - Materials Letters
Y1  - 2006/12/15/
VL  - 60
IS  - 29/30
M3  - Article
SP  - 3502
EP  - 3506
SN  - 0167577X
AB  - Abstract: Noncovalent attachment of CdSe quantum dots (QDs) to single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) through an intermediary 1-pyrenebutyric acid N-hydroxy-succinimide ester (PBASE) molecule has been performed. The ligand exchange process from trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO)-capped CdSe to the 4-aminothiophenol (ATP) ligand is supported by solvent solubility, NMR spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy, with an estimated molecular efficiency >50:1. Noncovalent coupling of the PBASE molecule causes a redshift in the SWNT interband electronic transitions, consistent with a π–π interaction that promotes electron delocalization. TEM analysis after chemical coupling of the CdSe–ATP QDs to the PBASE–SWNTs shows an abundant coverage of QDs along the SWNT bundles. Raman spectra (1.96 eV excitation) of PBASE–SWNTs and the noncovalent product demonstrate that each of the major Raman modes (RBM, D-, G-, or G′-bands) is unaltered by the noncovalent interaction with PBASE or attachment of CdSe QDs, indicating that the structural integrity of the SWNTs is maintained. However, upshifts in the Raman modes are observed, the largest being for the G′-band, indicating charge transfer between the SWNTs and attached CdSe QDs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - QUANTUM electronics
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - Nanomaterials
KW  - Quantum dot
KW  - Solar energy materials
N1  - Accession Number: 22948511; Landi, Brian J. 1 Evans, Chris M. 1 Worman, James J. 1 Castro, Stephanie L. 2 Bailey, Sheila G. 3 Raffaelle, Ryne P. 1; Email Address: rprsps@rit.edu; Affiliation:  1: NanoPower Research Laboratories (NPRL), Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United States  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI), Cleveland, OH, 44142, United States  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135, United States; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 60 Issue 29/30, p3502; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: QUANTUM electronics; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanomaterials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum dot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar energy materials; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matlet.2006.03.057
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Aléon, Jérôme
AU  - Alexander, Conet M. O'D.
AU  - Araki, Tohru
AU  - Bajt, Saša
AU  - Baratta, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Borg, Janet
AU  - Bradley, John P.
AU  - Brownlee, Donald E.
AU  - Brucato, John R.
AU  - Burchell, Mark J.
AU  - Busemann, Henner
AU  - Butterworth, Anna
AU  - Clemett, Simon J.
AU  - Cody, George
AU  - Colangeli, Luigi
AU  - Cooper, George
AU  - D'Hendecourt, Louis
AU  - Djouadi, Zahia
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
T1  - Organics Captured from Comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust Spacecraft.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2006/12/15/
VL  - 314
IS  - 5806
M3  - Article
SP  - 1720
EP  - 1724
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Organics found in comet 81P/Wild 2 samples show a heterogeneous and unequilibrated distribution in abundance and composition. Some organics are similar, but not identical, to those in interplanetary dust particles and carbonaceous meteorites. A class of aromatic-poor organic material is also present. The organics are rich in oxygen and nitrogen compared with meteoritic organics. Aromatic compounds are present, but the samples tend to be relatively poorer in aromatics than are meteorites and interplanetary dust particles. The presence of deuterium and nitrogen-is excesses suggest that some organics have an interstellar/protostellar heritage. Although the variable extent of modification of these materials by impact capture is not yet fully constrained, a diverse suite of organic compounds is present and identifiable within the returned samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMETS
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - METEOR trails
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - METEORS
KW  - ACHONDRITES
N1  - Accession Number: 23614965; Sandford, Scott A. 1; Email Address: ssandford@mail.arc.nasa.gov Aléon, Jérôme 2,3 Alexander, Conet M. O'D. 4 Araki, Tohru 5 Bajt, Saša 6 Baratta, Giuseppe A. 7 Borg, Janet 8 Bradley, John P. 6 Brownlee, Donald E. 9 Brucato, John R. 1 Burchell, Mark J. 10 Busemann, Henner 4 Butterworth, Anna 11 Clemett, Simon J. 12 Cody, George 13 Colangeli, Luigi 14 Cooper, George 15 D'Hendecourt, Louis 4 Djouadi, Zahia 8 Dworkin, Jason P. 16; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  2: Glenn T. Seaborg Institute, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550 USA.  3: Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.  4: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA.  5: Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.  6: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.  7: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via Santa Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy.  8: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Campus, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.  9: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.  10: School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CF2 7NH, UK.  11: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA.  12: Expense Reduction Consulting, Inc., NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA.  13: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA.  14: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy.  15: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  16: Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; Source Info: 12/15/2006, Vol. 314 Issue 5806, Special Section p1720; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: METEOR trails; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: METEORS; Subject Term: ACHONDRITES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1135841
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kanevsky, Alex
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
AU  - Hesthaven, Jan S.
T1  - Idempotent filtering in spectral and spectral element methods
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2006/12/20/
VL  - 220
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 58
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The comparison of numerical results for implicit–explicit and fully explicit Runge–Kutta time integration methods for a nozzle flow problem shows that filtering can significantly degrade the accuracy of the numerical solution for long-time integration problems. We demonstrate analytically and numerically that filtering-in-time errors become additive for ∥u  N (x, t + kΔt)− u  N (x, t)∥≪∥u  N (x, t)∥ when nonidempotent filters are used, and suggest the development and implementation of idempotent filters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IDEMPOTENTS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - Idempotent
KW  - Implicit-explicit (IMEX) Runge-Kutta
KW  - Modal filters
KW  - Spectral methods
N1  - Accession Number: 23161500; Kanevsky, Alex 1; Email Address: kanevsky@cims.nyu.edu Carpenter, Mark H. 2; Email Address: Mark.H.Carpenter@nasa.gov Hesthaven, Jan S. 1; Email Address: Jan.Hesthaven@Brown.edu; Affiliation:  1: Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Box F, Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: Aeronautics and Aeroacoustic Methods Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 220 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: IDEMPOTENTS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: ERRORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Idempotent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Implicit-explicit (IMEX) Runge-Kutta; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modal filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2006.05.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Bencic, Timothy J.
T1  - Monitoring delamination of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings by reflectance-enhanced luminescence
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2006/12/20/
VL  - 201
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3926
EP  - 3930
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: Plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) present a challenge for optical diagnostic methods to monitor TBC delamination, because the strong scattering exhibited by plasma-sprayed TBCs severely attenuates light transmitted through the TBC. This paper presents a new approach that indicates delamination in plasma-sprayed TBCs by utilizing a luminescent sublayer that produces significantly greater luminescence intensity from delaminated regions of the TBC. Freestanding coatings were produced with either a Eu-doped or Er-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) luminescent layer below a plasma-sprayed undoped YSZ layer. A NiCr backing layer was added to represent an attached substrate in some sections. For specimens with a Eu-doped YSZ luminescent sublayer, luminescence intensity maps showed excellent contrast between unbacked and NiCr-backed sections. Discernable contrast between unbacked and NiCr-backed sections was not observed for specimens with a Er-doped YSZ luminescent sublayer, because luminescence from Er impurities in the undoped YSZ layer overwhelmed luminescence originating from the Er-doped YSZ sublayer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA spraying
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - Luminescence
KW  - Nondestructive evaluation
KW  - Plasma-spray
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
N1  - Accession Number: 23229017; Eldridge, Jeffrey I.; Email Address: jeffrey.i.eldridge@nasa.gov Bencic, Timothy J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 201 Issue 7, p3926; Subject Term: PLASMA spraying; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nondestructive evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma-spray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gentleman, M.M.
AU  - Eldridge, J.I.
AU  - Zhu, D.M.
AU  - Murphy, K.S.
AU  - Clarke, D.R.
T1  - Non-contact sensing of TBC/BC interface temperature in a thermal gradient
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2006/12/20/
VL  - 201
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3937
EP  - 3941
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: Luminescence lifetimes of rare-earth ions in yttria-stabilized zirconia have been shown to exhibit temperature sensitivity from 500–1150 °C [Gentleman, M.M. and Clarke, D.R. (2005) Surface and Coatings Technology 200, 1264; Gentleman, M.M. and Clarke, D.R. (2004) Surface and Coatings Technology 188–189, 93.]. These doped zirconias can be deposited along with standard thermal barrier coatings to create thin temperature sensing layers within the coating. Of particular interest is the temperature at the coating/bond coat interface as the oxidation life of a TBC system is exponentially dependent on this temperature. In this study, thin (∼ 10 μm) layers of europia-doped yttria-stabilized zirconia were deposited by EB-PVD onto bond-coated CMSX-4 superalloy buttons to achieve sensor layers located next to the TBC/BC interface. These coatings were then used to measure the interface temperature in a thermal gradient. Combined with pyrometric measurements of the coating-surface temperature and metal-surface temperature, the thermal conductivity of the coating (1.5 W/mK) and heat flux (∼ 1 MW/m2) in the tests were calculated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - Luminescence
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
KW  - Thermal gradient
N1  - Accession Number: 23229019; Gentleman, M.M. 1; Email Address: gentmol@engineering.ucsb.edu Eldridge, J.I. 2 Zhu, D.M. 2 Murphy, K.S. 3 Clarke, D.R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5050, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Howmet Research Center, Whitehall, MI 49461-1895, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 201 Issue 7, p3937; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal gradient; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ominami, Yusuke
AU  - Ngo, Quoc
AU  - Suzuki, Makoto
AU  - Austin, Alexander J.
AU  - Yang, Cary Y.
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Li, Jun
T1  - Interface characteristics of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers for interconnect applications.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2006/12/25/
VL  - 89
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 263114
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The authors characterize the detailed interface structure of Ni-catalyzed vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition for interconnect applications. Stacked graphitic layers and cup-shape structures of CNFs around the interface region have been observed using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The interaction between the Ni catalyst and Ti layer dramatically affects the CNF structure during initial growth. The effect of interface nanostructures on contact resistance is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL catalysts
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
KW  - SCANNING transmission electron microscopy
KW  - TITANIUM group
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
N1  - Accession Number: 23624321; Ominami, Yusuke 1 Ngo, Quoc 1 Suzuki, Makoto 1 Austin, Alexander J. 1 Yang, Cary Y. 1; Email Address: cyang@scu.edu Cassell, Alan M. 2 Li, Jun 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanostructures, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 12/25/2006, Vol. 89 Issue 26, p263114; Subject Term: NICKEL catalysts; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Subject Term: SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; Subject Term: TITANIUM group; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2423241
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Engel-Cox, Jill A.
AU  - Hoff, Raymond M.
AU  - Rogers, Raymond
AU  - Dimmick, Fred
AU  - Rush, Alan C.
AU  - Szykman, James J.
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim
AU  - Chu, D. Allen
AU  - Zell, Erica R.
T1  - Integrating lidar and satellite optical depth with ambient monitoring for 3-dimensional particulate characterization
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2006/12/28/
VL  - 40
IS  - 40
M3  - Article
SP  - 8056
EP  - 8067
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: A combination of in-situ PM2.5, sunphotometers, upward pointing lidar and satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) instruments have been employed to better understand variability in the correlation between AOD and PM2.5 at the surface. Previous studies have shown good correlation between these measures, especially in the US east, and encouraged the use of satellite data for spatially interpolating between ground sensors. This work shows that cases of weak correlation can be better understood with knowledge of whether the aerosol is confined to the surface planetary boundary layer (PBL) or aloft. Lidar apportionment of the fraction of aerosol optical depth that is within the PBL can be scaled to give better agreement with surface PM2.5 than does the total column amount. The study has shown that lidar combined with surface and remotely sensed data might be strategically used to improve our understanding of long-range or regionally transported pollutants in multiple dimensions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution standards
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - WASTE products
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Lidar
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Policy
KW  - Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 23212183; Engel-Cox, Jill A. 1; Email Address: engelcoxj@battelle.org Hoff, Raymond M. 2 Rogers, Raymond 2 Dimmick, Fred 3 Rush, Alan C. 3 Szykman, James J. 4 Al-Saadi, Jassim 5 Chu, D. Allen 2 Zell, Erica R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Battelle, 2101 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 800, Arlington, VA 22201, USA  2: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, UMBC CREST and the Physics Department, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  3: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20460, USA  4: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA  5: US National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2006, Vol. 40 Issue 40, p8056; Subject Term: AIR pollution standards; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: WASTE products; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562111 Solid Waste Collection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423930 Recyclable Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562110 Waste collection; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.02.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sudbrack, Chantal K.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Compositional pathways and capillary effects during isothermal precipitation in a nondilute Ni–Al–Cr alloy
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 130
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: For a Ni–5.2Al–14.2Cr at.% alloy with moderate solute supersaturations, the compositional pathways, as measured with atom-probe tomography, during early to later stage γ′(L12)-precipitation (R =0.45–10nm), aged at 873K, are discussed in light of a multi-component coarsening model. Employing nondilute thermodynamics, detailed model analyses during quasi-stationary coarsening of the experimental data establish that the γ/γ′ interfacial free-energy is 22–23±7mJm−2. Additionally, solute diffusivities are significantly slower than model estimates. Strong quantitative evidence indicates that an observed γ′-supersaturation of Al results from the Gibbs–Thomson effect, providing the first experimental verification of this phenomenon. The Gibbs–Thomson relationship for a ternary system, as well as differences in measured phase equilibria with CALPHAD assessments, are considered in great detail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSATURATED solutions
KW  - OSTWALD ripening
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - GIBBS' free energy
KW  - TERNARY system
KW  - Atom-probe tomography
KW  - Capillary phenomena
KW  - Coarsening
KW  - Nanostructure
KW  - Ni–Al–Cr alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 23282667; Sudbrack, Chantal K. 1,2 Noebe, Ronald D. 3 Seidman, David N. 1; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: Argonne National Laboratory, Materials Science Division, Argonne, IL 60439, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p119; Subject Term: SUPERSATURATED solutions; Subject Term: OSTWALD ripening; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: GIBBS' free energy; Subject Term: TERNARY system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom-probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capillary phenomena; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coarsening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni–Al–Cr alloys; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gökçen, Tahir
AU  - Stewart, David A.
T1  - Computational Analysis of Semi-Elliptical Nozzle Arcjet Experiments: Calibration Plate, Wing Leading Edge.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 128
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper reports computational analysis in support of experiments in a high enthalpy arcjet wind tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center. These experiments were conducted in the NASA Ames 60-MW Interaction Heating Facility and include surface temperature measurements of swept-wing leading edge shaped pylon models. Surface temperatures of the arcjet pylon models were measured with thermocouples, an infrared camera, and a pyrometer. During the facility characterization runs, surface pressure and heat flux measurements on a water-cooled calibration plate were obtained. The present analysis comprises computational simulations of the nonequilibrium flowfield in the facility (the nozzle and the test box) and comparisons with the experimental measurements. The value of computational fluid dynamics simulations in planning and analysis of a complex arcjet test configuration is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 23781424; Gökçen, Tahir 1 Stewart, David A. 2; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p128; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.22845
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Hwang, Helen H.
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
T1  - Recommended Collision Integrals for Transport Property Computations Part 2: Mars and Venus Entries.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 281
EP  - 281
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A review of the best-available data for calculating a complete set of binary collision integrals for the computation of the mixture transport properties (viscosity, thermal conductivity, ordinary and thermal diffusion) of 17-species weakly ionized CO2-N2 mixtures is presented. The fidelity of the data varies considerably, but most of the atom-atom interactions are derived from a b initio methods that are estimated to be accurate to within 5%. The remaining important interactions between neutral species are estimated to be accurate to within about 30% over the temperature range of interest (300-20,000 K) to Mars and Venus reentry plasmas. Collision integrals for important ion-neutral interactions are computed using a modified Tang-Toennies potential and have an estimated accuracy of ±25%, whereas those between trace species are approximated via the polarization (Langevin) potential model. The accuracy and valid temperature range for electron-neutral interactions vary considerably due to scarcity of the required cross section data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRALS
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
N1  - Accession Number: 23781439; Wright, Michael J. 1 Hwang, Helen H. 1 Schwenke, David W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p281; Subject Term: INTEGRALS; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.24523
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ford, William F.
AU  - Pennline, James A.
T1  - When Does Convergence in the Mean Imply Uniform Convergence?
JO  - American Mathematical Monthly
JF  - American Mathematical Monthly
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 114
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 58
EP  - 60
SN  - 00029890
AB  - The article presents a discussion about the determination on when does convergence in the mean affect uniform convergence. It analyzes and assesses issues and topics related to uniform convergence and offers basic results for sequences of real functions on a finite closed interval. It also analyzes a University of Texas at Austin Ph. D. qualifying exam which contains a uniformly Lipschitz sequence of functions that converges to a continuous function. It explains that if a sequence Laplace-type transforms of a particular type of sequence converges and the primary sequence is equicontinuous, then the primary sequence converges and the original sequence converges uniformly on compact sets.
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - EXAMINATIONS
KW  - UNIVERSITIES & colleges
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - COMPLEX numbers
KW  - UNIVERSITY of Texas
N1  - Accession Number: 23794717; Ford, William F. 1; Email Address: James.A.Pennline@nasa.gov Pennline, James A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland Ohio; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 114 Issue 1, p58; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: EXAMINATIONS; Subject Term: UNIVERSITIES & colleges; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: COMPLEX numbers; Company/Entity: UNIVERSITY of Texas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lenihan, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Ball, J. Christopher
AU  - Gavalas, Vasilis G.
AU  - Lumpp, Janet K.
AU  - Hines, John
AU  - Daunert, Sylvia
AU  - Bachas, Leonidas G.
T1  - Microfabrication of screen-printed nanoliter vials with embedded surface-modified electrodes.
JO  - Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
JF  - Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 387
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 265
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 16182642
AB  - A self-contained ion-selective sensing system within a nanoliter-volume vial has been developed by integrating screen printing, laser ablation, and molecular imprinting techniques. Screen printing and laser ablation are used in tandem to fabricate nanoliter-volume vials with carbon and Ag/AgCl ring electrodes embedded in the sidewalls. Using multisweep cyclic voltammetry, the surface of the carbon electrode can be modified with a polypyrrole film. By polymerizing pyrrole in the presence of nitrate, pores complementary to the nitrate anion in size, shape, and charge distribution are formed in the resulting film. Electrochemical cells modified with this nitrate-imprinted polypyrrole film show a near-Nernstian response to nitrate, and excellent reproducibility. The integration of molecular recognition and electrochemical response in the nanoliter vials is demonstrated by the detection of as little as 0.36 ng nitrate in nanoliter-volume samples. The integration of tailored molecular recognition within nanoliter vials via established fabrication and imprinting protocols should result in a number of nanosensor devices with applications in BioMEMS and micro total analysis systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - ION selective electrodes
KW  - LASER ablation
KW  - MOLECULAR imprinting
KW  - VOLTAMMETRY
KW  - ELECTRIC batteries
KW  - SCREEN process printing
KW  - BIOMEMS
KW  - Ion-selective sensing
KW  - Microfabrication
KW  - Nanoliter vials
N1  - Accession Number: 23460804; Lenihan, Jeffrey S. 1 Ball, J. Christopher 2 Gavalas, Vasilis G. 1 Lumpp, Janet K. 3 Hines, John 4 Daunert, Sylvia 1 Bachas, Leonidas G. 1; Email Address: bachas@uky.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, American University, Washington, DC 20016-8014, USA  3: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-4055, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 387 Issue 1, p259; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: ION selective electrodes; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: MOLECULAR imprinting; Subject Term: VOLTAMMETRY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC batteries; Subject Term: SCREEN process printing; Subject Term: BIOMEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion-selective sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microfabrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoliter vials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335910 Battery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323113 Commercial Screen Printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313310 Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00216-006-0893-4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23460804&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vincenti, Walter G.
AU  - Boyd, John W.
AU  - Bugos, Glenn E.
T1  - H. Julian Allen: An Appreciation.
JO  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 00664189
AB  - Harvey Allen is best known as the genius behind the blunt-body concept, published in 1953, which enables spacecraft to return safely home through Earth's dense atmosphere. He was also an extraordinary research leader, who led a world-class research program in hypersonics at the NACA Ames Aeronautical Laboratory. This paper reviews his career as one of America's leading theorists and experimenters, including his engineering education at Stanford, his work on the inverse problem of calculating the airfoil profile to obtain a desired pressure distribution, his hand in constructing wind tunnels and experimental facilities at Ames, and his pioneering and wide-ranging work on atmospheric re-entry. It concludes with an appreciation of his uniquely inspirational style of research management, and of his magnetic personality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - biography
KW  - hypersonic aerodynamics
KW  - research management
KW  - theoretical aerodynamics
KW  - ALLEN, Harvey
N1  - Accession Number: 23924646; Vincenti, Walter G. 1; Email Address: sts@stanford.edu Boyd, John W. 2; Email Address: John.W.Boyd@NASA.gov Bugos, Glenn E. 2; Email Address: Glenn.E.Bugos@NASA.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Author-Supplied Keyword: biography; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypersonic aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: research management; Author-Supplied Keyword: theoretical aerodynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; People: ALLEN, Harvey; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev.fluid.39.052506.084853
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan j.
T1  - The Structure of Jupiter, Saturn, and Exoplanets: Key Questions for High-Pressure Experiments.
JO  - Astrophysics & Space Science
JF  - Astrophysics & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 307
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 283
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0004640X
AB  - We give an overview of our current understanding of the structure of gas giant planets, from Jupiter and Saturn to extrasolar giant planets. We focus on addressing what high-pressure laboratory experiments on hydrogen and helium can help to elucidate about the structure of these planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysics & Space Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Planetary systems
KW  - Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 24398572; Fortney, Jonathan j. 1; Email Address: jfortney@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 307 Issue 1-3, p279; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: HELIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10509-006-9224-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crucian, Brian
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Stowe, Raymond
AU  - Jones, Jeff
AU  - Effenhauser, Rainer
AU  - Widen, Raymond
AU  - Sams, Clarence
T1  - Immune system changes during simulated planetary exploration on Devon Island, high arctic.
JO  - BMC Immunology
JF  - BMC Immunology
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 13
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 14712172
AB  - Background: Dysregulation of the immune system has been shown to occur during spaceflight, although the detailed nature of the phenomenon and the clinical risks for exploration class missions have yet to be established. Also, the growing clinical significance of immune system evaluation combined with epidemic infectious disease rates in third world countries provides a strong rationale for the development of field-compatible clinical immunology techniques and equipment. In July 2002 NASA performed a comprehensive immune assessment on field team members participating in the Haughton-Mars Project (HMP) on Devon Island in the high Canadian Arctic. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of mission-associated stressors on the human immune system. To perform the study, the development of techniques for processing immune samples in remote field locations was required. Ten HMP-2002 participants volunteered for the study. A field protocol was developed at NASA-JSC for performing sample collection, blood staining/processing for immunophenotype analysis, wholeblood mitogenic culture for functional assessments and cell-sample preservation on-location at Devon Island. Specific assays included peripheral leukocyte distribution; constitutively activated T cells, intracellular cytokine profiles, plasma cortisol and EBV viral antibody levels. Study timepoints were 30 days prior to mission start, midmission and 60 days after mission completion. Results: The protocol developed for immune sample processing in remote field locations functioned properly. Samples were processed on Devon Island, and stabilized for subsequent analysis at the Johnson Space Center in Houston. The data indicated that some phenotype, immune function and stress hormone changes occurred in the HMP field participants that were largely distinct from pre-mission baseline and post-mission recovery data. These immune changes appear similar to those observed in astronauts following spaceflight. Conclusion: The immune system changes described during the MP field deployment validate the use of the HMP as a ground-based spaceflight/planetary exploration analog for some aspects of human physiology. The sample processing protocol developed for this study may have applications for immune studies in remote terrestrial field locations. Elements of this protocol could possibly be adapted for future in-flight immunology studies conducted during space missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BMC Immunology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMMUNE system
KW  - IMMUNOPHENOTYPING
KW  - VIRAL antibodies
KW  - LEUCOCYTES
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 29362644; Crucian, Brian 1; Email Address: bcrucian@ems.jsc.nasa.gov Lee, Pascal 2; Email Address: pascal.lee@marsinstitute.info Stowe, Raymond 3; Email Address: rpstowe@microgenlabs.com Jones, Jeff 4; Email Address: jeffrey.a.jones@nasa.gov Effenhauser, Rainer 4; Email Address: rainer.k.effenhauser@nasa.gov Widen, Raymond 5; Email Address: rwiden@tgh.org Sams, Clarence 4; Email Address: csams@ems.jsc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Laboratories/NASA-JSC, 1290 Hercules Drive, Houston, Texas, 77058, USA  2: Mars Institute, SETI Institute & NASA Ames Research Center, 515 N. Whisman Road, Moffett Field, CA, 94043, USA  3: Microgen Laboratories, 903 Texas Avenue, La Marque, Texas, 77568, USA  4: NASAJSC, NASA Parkway, Houston, Texas, 77058, USA  5: Tampa General Hospital, PO Box 1289, Tampa, Florida, 33601, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 8, p7; Subject Term: IMMUNE system; Subject Term: IMMUNOPHENOTYPING; Subject Term: VIRAL antibodies; Subject Term: LEUCOCYTES; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1471-2172-8-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Gross, Peggy
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Smith, Marie-Louise
T1  - Net primary productivity of forest stands in New Hampshire estimated from Landsat and MODIS satellite data.
JO  - Carbon Balance & Management
JF  - Carbon Balance & Management
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 19
SN  - 17500680
AB  - Background: A simulation model that relies on satellite observations of vegetation cover from the Landsat 7 sensor and from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate net primary productivity (NPP) of forest stands at the Bartlett Experiment Forest (BEF) in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. Results: Net primary production (NPP) predicted from the NASA-CASA model using 30-meter resolution Landsat inputs showed variations related to both vegetation cover type and elevational effects on mean air temperatures. Overall, the highest predicted NPP from the NASA-CASA model was for deciduous forest cover at low to mid-elevation locations over the landscape. Comparison of the model-predicted annual NPP to the plot-estimated values showed a significant correlation of R² = 0.5. Stepwise addition of 30-meter resolution elevation data values explained no more than 20% of the residual variation in measured NPP patterns at BEF. Both the Landsat 7 and the 250-meter resolution MODIS derived mean annual NPP predictions for the BEF plot locations were within ± 2.5% of the mean of plot estimates for annual NPP. Conclusion: Although MODIS imagery cannot capture the spatial details of NPP across the network of closely spaced plot locations as well as Landsat, the MODIS satellite data as inputs to the NASA-CASA model does accurately predict the average annual productivity of a site like the BEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon Balance & Management is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - BIOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 34994035; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov Gross, Peggy 2; Email Address: pgross@mail.arc.nasa.gov Genovese, Vanessa 2; Email Address: vbrooks@mail.arc.nasa.gov Smith, Marie-Louise 3; Email Address: marielouise.smith@unh.edu; Affiliation:  1: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Earth System Science and Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA  3: US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Durham, NH 03824, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 2, p9; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: BIOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1750-0680-2-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Huete, Alfredo
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
T1  - Terrestrial Carbon Sinks for the United States Predicted from MODIS Satellite Data and Ecosystem Modeling.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States over the period 2001–04. Predicted net ecosystem production (NEP) flux for atmospheric CO2 in the United States was estimated as annual net sink of about +0.2 Pg C in 2004. Regional climate patterns were reflected in the predicted annual NEP flux from the model, which showed extensive carbon sinks in ecosystems of the southern and eastern regions in 2003–04, and major carbon source fluxes from ecosystems in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Northwest regions in 2003–04. As demonstrated through tower site comparisons, net primary production (NPP) modeled with monthly MODIS enhanced vegetation index (EVI) inputs closely resembles both the measured high- and low-season carbon fluxes. Modeling results suggest that the capacity of the NASA Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA) model to use 8-km resolution MODIS EVI data to predict peak growing season uptake rates of CO2 in irrigated croplands and moist temperate forests is strong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - NITROGEN cycle
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - EVI
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 28384243; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Klooster, Steven 2 Huete, Alfredo 3 Genovese, Vanessa 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California  3: The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: NITROGEN cycle; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: EVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/EI228.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, Anil
AU  - Acrivos, Andreas
AU  - Khusid, Boris
AU  - Jacqmin, David
T1  - Electric field-driven formation of particle concentration fronts in suspensions
JO  - Fluid Dynamics Research
JF  - Fluid Dynamics Research
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 192
SN  - 01695983
AB  - Abstract: A distinct front, separating regions enriched with and depleted of particles, was recently observed in suspensions subjected to high-gradient ac electric fields and a set of theoretical model equations for the particle concentration, containing no fitting parameters, were developed [Kumar et al., 2004. Combined negative dielectrophoresis and phase separation in nondilute suspensions subject to a high-gradient ac electric field. Phys. Rev. E 69, 021402-1–10; Bennett et al., 2003. Combined field-induced dielectrophoresis and phase separation for manipulating particles in microfluidics. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 4866–4868]. Although the numerical solutions of these equations were found to be quantitatively consistent with the experimental observations, they did not provide sufficient information for elucidating the mechanism of the front formation due to the complexity of the equations. Here, we examine these equations analytically for the special case in which they admit a similarity solution and establish the existence of shock solutions to these equations. The shocks are shown to arise because of the rapid local growth of the suspension viscosity due to the field-driven particle accumulation in certain areas of the domain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Fluid Dynamics Research is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - ELECTROPHORESIS
KW  - Dielectrophoresis
KW  - Electrohydro-dynamics of suspensions
KW  - Front formation
N1  - Accession Number: 24138196; Kumar, Anil 1 Acrivos, Andreas 1; Email Address: acrivos@sci.ccny.cuny.edu Khusid, Boris 2 Jacqmin, David 3; Affiliation:  1: The Levich Institute, The City College of New York, 140th Street & Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA  2: New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, NJ 07102, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 39 Issue 1-3, p169; Subject Term: EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: ELECTROPHORESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectrophoresis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrohydro-dynamics of suspensions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Front formation; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.fluiddyn.2006.07.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24138196&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - WHITE, MICHAEL A.
AU  - POTTER, CHRISTOPHER
AU  - HUTYRA, LUCY R.
AU  - HUETE, ALFREDO R.
AU  - MYNENI, RANGA B.
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Constraining rooting depths in tropical rainforests using satellite data and ecosystem modeling for accurate simulation of gross primary production seasonality.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 77
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Accurate parameterization of rooting depth is difficult but important for capturing the spatio-temporal dynamics of carbon, water and energy cycles in tropical forests. In this study, we adopted a new approach to constrain rooting depth in terrestrial ecosystem models over the Amazon using satellite data [moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) enhanced vegetation index (EVI)] and Biome-BGC terrestrial ecosystem model. We simulated seasonal variations in gross primary production (GPP) using different rooting depths (1, 3, 5, and 10 m) at point and spatial scales to investigate how rooting depth affects modeled seasonal GPP variations and to determine which rooting depth simulates GPP consistent with satellite-based observations. First, we confirmed that rooting depth strongly controls modeled GPP seasonal variations and that only deep rooting systems can successfully track flux-based GPP seasonality at the Tapajos km67 flux site. Second, spatial analysis showed that the model can reproduce the seasonal variations in satellite-based EVI seasonality, however, with required rooting depths strongly dependent on precipitation and the dry season length. For example, a shallow rooting depth (1–3 m) is sufficient in regions with a short dry season (e. G. 0–2 months), and deeper roots are required in regions with a longer dry season (e. G. 3–5 and 5–10 m for the regions with 3–4 and 5–6 months dry season, respectively). Our analysis suggests that setting of proper rooting depths is important to simulating GPP seasonality in tropical forests, and the use of satellite data can help to constrain the spatial variability of rooting depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROOTS (Botany) -- Development
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Statistics)
KW  - VEGETATION greenness
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - SPATIO-temporal variation
KW  - RAIN forest ecology
KW  - AMAZON River Region
KW  - Amazon
KW  - Biome-BGC
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - gross primary production
KW  - MODIS
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - rooting depth
KW  - seasonal cycle
KW  - terrestrial biosphere model
KW  - tropical forest
KW  - vegetation index
N1  - Accession Number: 23634116; ICHII, KAZUHITO 1 HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 2 WHITE, MICHAEL A. 3 POTTER, CHRISTOPHER 4 HUTYRA, LUCY R. 5 HUETE, ALFREDO R. 6 MYNENI, RANGA B. 7 NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, San Jose State University, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA,  2: †Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, California State University at Monterey Bay, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA,  3: ‡Department of Watershed Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5210, USA,  4: §Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA,  5: ¶Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA,  6: ∥Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA,  7: **Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p67; Subject Term: ROOTS (Botany) -- Development; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: VEGETATION greenness; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: SPATIO-temporal variation; Subject Term: RAIN forest ecology; Subject Term: AMAZON River Region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biome-BGC; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: rooting depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: seasonal cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial biosphere model; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation index; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01277.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23634116&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Tosi, F.
AU  - D'Aversa, E.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bibring, J.P.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Matson, D.L.
T1  - Saturn's icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS: I. Full-disk properties: 350–5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 186
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 290
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Saturn''s icy satellites are among the main scientific objectives of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) experiment. This paper contains a first systematic and comparative analysis of the full-disk spectral properties of Dione, Enceladus, Epimetheus, Hyperion, Iapetus, Mimas, Phoebe, Rhea and Tethys as observed by VIMS from July 2004 to June 2005. The disk integrated properties (350–5100 nm reflectance spectra and phase curves at 550–2232 nm) and images of satellites are reported and discussed in detail together with the observed geometry. In general, the spectra in the visible spectral range are almost featureless and can be classified according to the spectral slopes: from the bluish Enceladus and Phoebe to the redder Iapetus, Hyperion and Epimetheus. In the 1000–1300 nm range the spectra of Enceladus, Tethys, Mimas and Rhea are characterized by a negative slope, consistent with a surface largely dominated by water ice, while the spectra of Iapetus, Hyperion and Phoebe show a considerable reddening pointing out the relevant role played by darkening materials present on the surface. In between these two classes are Dione and Epimetheus, which have a flat spectrum in this range. The main absorption bands identified in the infrared are the 1520, 2020, 3000 nm H2O/OH bands (for all satellites), although Iapetus dark terrains show mostly a deep 3000 nm band while the 1520 and 2020 nm bands are very faint. In this spectral range, the Iapetus spectrum is characterized by a strong reddening. The CO2 band at 4260 nm and the Fresnel ice peak around 3100 nm are evident only on Hyperion, Phoebe and Iapetus. The phase curves at 550 and at 2232 nm are reported for all the available observations in the 0°–144° range; Rhea shows an opposition surge at visible wavelengths in the 0.5°–1.17° interval. The improvement on the retrieval of the full-disk reflectance spectra can be appreciated by a direct comparison with ground-based telescopic data available from literature. Finally, data processing strategies and recent upgrades introduced in the VIMS-V calibration pipeline (flat-field and destriping–despiking algorithm) are discussed in appendices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - CURVES
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - satellites ( Saturn )
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 23348786; Filacchione, G. 1; Email Address: gianrico.filacchione@rm.iasf.cnr.it Capaccioni, F. 1 McCord, T.B. 2,3 Coradini, A. 1,4 Cerroni, P. 1 Bellucci, G. 4 Tosi, F. 4 D'Aversa, E. 4 Formisano, V. 4 Brown, R.H. 5 Baines, K.H. 6 Bibring, J.P. 7 Buratti, B.J. 6 Clark, R.N. 8 Combes, M. 9 Cruikshank, D.P. 10 Drossart, P. 9 Jaumann, R. 11 Langevin, Y. 7 Matson, D.L. 6; Affiliation:  1: INAF-IASF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  2: Bear Fight Center, Space Science Institute, 22 Fiddlers Rd., Winthrop, WA 98862, USA  3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, USA  4: INAF-IFSI Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  5: University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences, Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA  7: Université de Paris Sud-Orsay, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Batiment 120, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  8: United States Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  9: Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, Département de Recherche Spatial, 5 Place Jules Jannsen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  11: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Sensor Technology and Planetary Exploration, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 186 Issue 1, p259; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: CURVES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Saturn ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.08.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23348786&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, Amjad A.
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
AU  - Hejazi, Zuhair M.
AU  - Dib, Nihad
T1  - Design and Measurement of Self-Matched Dual-Frequency Coplanar Waveguide-Fed-Slot Antennas.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 223
EP  - 226
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Two new designs of dual frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed double folded slot antennas are presented. An important advantage of these antennas is that they are self-matched to the feeding CPW without the need for external matching circuit. This reduces the antenna size and simplifies its design. To verify the designs, the return loss and radiation patterns are measured and compared to those obtained using available commercial software with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - SLOT antennas
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - Coplanar waveguide (CPW)
KW  - multiple band antennas
KW  - slot antennas
N1  - Accession Number: 23786429; Omar, Amjad A. 1; Email Address: aomar@yu.edu.jo Scardelletti, Maximilian C. 2; Email Address: Maximilian.C.Scardelletti@nasa.gov Hejazi, Zuhair M. 1; Email Address: zhejazi@ieee.org Dib, Nihad 3; Email Address: nihad@just.edu.jo; Affiliation:  1: Department of Communications Engineering, Hijjawi Faculty of Engineering Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan  2: Microwave Metrology Facility, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p223; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: SLOT antennas; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coplanar waveguide (CPW); Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple band antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: slot antennas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.11 09/TAP.2006.888475
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissenden, Cliff J.
AU  - Doraiswamy, Devaraj
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Experimental investigation of cyclic and time-dependent deformation of titanium alloy at elevated temperature
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
SN  - 07496419
AB  - Abstract: A novel cyclic deformation test program was undertaken to characterize macroscopic time dependent deformation of a titanium alloy for use in viscoplastic model development. All tests were conducted at a high homologous temperature, 650°C, where there are large time dependent and loading rate dependent effects. Uninterrupted constant amplitude tests having zero mean stress or a tensile mean stress were conducted using three different control modes: strain amplitude and strain rate, stress amplitude and stress rate, and a hybrid stress amplitude and strain rate. Strain ratcheting occurred for all cyclic tests having a tensile mean stress and no plastic shakedown was observed. The shape of the strain ratcheting curve as a function of time is analogous to a creep curve having primary, steady state and tertiary regions, but the magnitude of the ratchet strains are higher than creep strains would be for a constant stress equal to the mean stress. Strain cycles interrupted with up to eight 2-h stress relaxation periods around the hysteresis loop, including hold times in each quadrant of the stress–strain diagram, were also conducted. Stress relaxation was path-dependent and in some cases the stress relaxed to zero. The cyclic behavior of these interrupted tests was similar even though each cycle was very complex. These results support constitutive model development by providing exploratory, characterization and validation data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - MAGNETIC induction
KW  - HYSTERESIS loop
KW  - A. Stress relaxation
KW  - B. Cyclic loading
KW  - C. Mechanical testing
KW  - Elastic-viscoplastic material
KW  - Strain ratcheting
N1  - Accession Number: 22473335; Lissenden, Cliff J. 1; Email Address: lissenden@psu.edu Doraiswamy, Devaraj 1,2 Arnold, Steven M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Cummins Engines Inc., Jamestown Engine Plant, Lakewood, NY 14750, USA  3: Life Prediction Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: MAGNETIC induction; Subject Term: HYSTERESIS loop; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Stress relaxation; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Cyclic loading; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Mechanical testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic-viscoplastic material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain ratcheting; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijplas.2006.01.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=22473335&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Owens, Lewis R.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Elzey, Michael B.
AU  - Hamner, Marvine P.
T1  - Reynolds Number Effects on Off-Design Stability and Control Characteristics of Supersonic Transports.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/01//Jan/Feb2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 134
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A high Reynolds number wind-tunnel test was conducted to assess Reynolds number effects on the stability and control characteristics of a realistic, second-generation supersonic transport concept. The testing included longitudinal and lateral/directional studies at transonic and low-speed, high-lift landing conditions across a range of Reynolds numbers from that available in conventional wind tunnels to near-flight conditions. Results presented focus on Reynolds number sensitivities of the stability and control characteristics at Mach 0.30 and 0.95 for a configuration including empennage. The angle of attack where the pitching-moment departure occurred increased with higher Reynolds numbers for both the landing and transonic configurations. Stabilizer effectiveness and directional stability increased with the Reynolds number for both configurations. The landing configuration without forebody chines exhibited a large yawing-moment departure at high angles of attack and zero sideslip that varied with increasing Reynolds numbers. This departure characteristic nearly disappeared when forebody chines were added. The landing configuration's rudder effectiveness also exhibited sensitivities to changes in Reynolds number. This study extends the existing Reynolds number database for supersonic transports operating at subsonic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Flow visualization
KW  - WIND tunnel models
KW  - STABILITY of airplanes
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Handling characteristics
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Landing
N1  - Accession Number: 24133301; Owens, Lewis R. 1 Wahls, Richard A. 1 Elzey, Michael B. 2 Hamner, Marvine P. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Seattle, Washington 98124  3: LeaTech, LLC, Frederick, Maryland 21703; Source Info: Jan/Feb2007, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p134; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Flow visualization; Subject Term: WIND tunnel models; Subject Term: STABILITY of airplanes; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Handling characteristics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes -- Landing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.22519
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24133301&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vargas, Mario
T1  - Current Experimental Basis for Modeling Ice Accretions on Swept Wings.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/01//Jan/Feb2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 274
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This work presents a review of the experimental basis for modeling ice accretions on swept wings. Experimental work related to ice accretion physics on swept wings conducted between 1954 and 2004 is reviewed. Proposed models or explanations of scallop formations are singled out and discussed. Special emphasis is placed on reviewing the work done to determine the basic macroscopic mechanisms of scallop formation. The role of feather growth and its connection to scallop growth is discussed. Conceptual steps in modeling scallop formations are presented. Research elements needed for modeling are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - SWEPT-back wings (Airplanes)
KW  - ICE
KW  - FREEZING precipitation
KW  - DEICING of airplanes
N1  - Accession Number: 24133317; Vargas, Mario 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brook Park, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan/Feb2007, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p274; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: SWEPT-back wings (Airplanes); Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: FREEZING precipitation; Subject Term: DEICING of airplanes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.23323
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behrendt, Andreas
AU  - Wulfmeyer, Volker
AU  - Di Girolamo, Paolo
AU  - Kiemle, Christoph
AU  - Bauer, Hans-Stefan
AU  - Schaberl, Thorsten
AU  - Summa, Donato
AU  - Whiteman, David N.
AU  - Demoz, Belay B.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Kooi, Susan
AU  - Ehret, Gerhard
AU  - Junhong Wang
T1  - Intercomparison of Water Vapor Data Measured with Lidar during IHOP_2002. Part I: Airborne to Ground-Based Lidar Systems and Comparisons with Chilled-Mirror Hygrometer Radiosondes.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 21
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The water vapor data measured with airborne and ground-based lidar systems during the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002), which took place in the Southern Great Plains during 13 May–25 June 2002 were investigated. So far, the data collected during IHOP_2002 provide the largest set of state-of-the-art water vapor lidar data measured in a field campaign. In this first of two companion papers, intercomparisons between the scanning Raman lidar (SRL) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and two airborne systems are discussed. There are 9 intercomparisons possible between SRL and the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), while there are 10 intercomparisons between SRL and the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) of the NASA Langley Research Center. Mean biases of (-0.30 ± 0.25) g kg-1 or -4.3% ± 3.2% for SRL compared to DLR DIAL (DLR DIAL drier) and (0.16 ± 0.31) g kg-1 or 5.3% ± 5.1% for SRL compared to LASE (LASE wetter) in the height range of 1.3–3.8 km above sea level (450–2950 m above ground level at the SRL site) were found. Putting equal weight on the data reliability of the three instruments, these results yield relative bias values of -4.6%, -0.4%, and +5.0% for DLR DIAL, SRL, and LASE, respectively. Furthermore, measurements of the Snow White (SW) chilled-mirror hygrometer radiosonde were compared with lidar data. For the four comparisons possible between SW radiosondes and SRL, an overall bias of (-0.27 ± 0.30) g kg-1 or -3.2% ± 4.5% of SW compared to SRL (SW drier) again for 1.3–3.8 km above sea level was found. Because it is a challenging effort to reach an accuracy of humidity measurements down to the ∼5% level, the overall results are very satisfactory and confirm the high and stable performance of the instruments and the low noise errors of each profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - RADIOSONDES
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - HYGROMETRY
KW  - SEA level
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23785174; Behrendt, Andreas 1; Email Address: behrendt@uni-hohenheim.de Wulfmeyer, Volker 1 Di Girolamo, Paolo 2 Kiemle, Christoph 3 Bauer, Hans-Stefan 1 Schaberl, Thorsten 1 Summa, Donato 3 Whiteman, David N. 4 Demoz, Belay B. 4 Browell, Edward V. 5 Ismail, Syed 5 Ferrare, Richard 5 Kooi, Susan 5 Ehret, Gerhard 3 Junhong Wang 6; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Physik und Meteorologie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany  2: Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy  3: Deutsches Zentrum fûr Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  4: Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  6: Atmospheric Technology Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: RADIOSONDES; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: HYGROMETRY; Subject Term: SEA level; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH1924.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23785174&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Behrendt, Andreas
AU  - Wulfmeyer, Volker
AU  - Kiemle, Christoph
AU  - Ehret, Gerhard
AU  - Flamant, Cyrille
AU  - Schaberl, Thorsten
AU  - Bauer, Hans-Stefan
AU  - Kooi, Susan
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Whiteman, David N.
T1  - Intercomparison of Water Vapor Data Measured with Lidar during IHOP_2002. Part II: Airborne-to-Airborne Systems.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 39
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The dataset of the International H2O Project (IHOP_2002) gives the first opportunity for direct intercomparisons of airborne water vapor lidar systems and allows very important conclusions to be drawn for future field campaigns. Three airborne differential absorption lidar (DIAL) systems were operated simultaneously during some IHOP_2002 missions: the DIAL of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), the Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, and the Lidar Embarque pour l’etude des Aerosols et des Nuages de l’interaction Dynamique Rayonnement et du cycle de l’Eau (LEANDRE II) of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS). Data of one formation flight with DLR DIAL and LEANDRE II were investigated, which consists of 54 independent profiles of the two instruments measured with 10-s temporal average. For the height range of 1.14–1.64 km above sea level, a bias of (-0.41 ± 0.16) g kg-1 or -7.9% ± 3.1% was found for DLR DIAL compared to LEANDRE II (LEANDRE II drier) as well as root-mean-square (RMS) deviations of (0.87 ± 0.18) g kg-1 or 16.9% ± 3.5%. With these results, relative bias values of -9.3%, -1.5%, +2.7%, and +8.1% result for LEANDRE II, DLR DIAL, the scanning Raman lidar (SRL), and LASE, respectively, using the mutual bias values determined in Part I for the latter three sensors. From the three possible profile-to-profile intercomparisons between DLR DIAL and LASE, one case cannot provide information on the system performances due to very large inhomogeneity of the atmospheric water vapor field, while one of the two remaining two cases showed a difference of -4.6% in the height range of 1.4–3.0 km and the other of -25% in 1.3–3.8 km (in both cases DLR DIAL was drier than LASE). The airborne-to-airborne comparisons showed that if airborne water vapor lidars are to be validated down to an accuracy of better than 5% in the lower troposphere, the atmospheric variability of water vapor has to be taken into account down to scales of less than a kilometer unless a sufficiently large number of intercomparison cases is available to derive statistically solid biases and RMS deviations. In conclusion, the overall biases between the water vapor data of all three airborne lidar systems operated during IHOP_2002 are smaller than 10% in the present stage of data evaluation, which confirms the previous estimates of the instrumental accuracies for all the systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - SUNDIALS
KW  - SEA level
KW  - WATER levels
KW  - WATER vapor transport
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
N1  - Accession Number: 23785183; Behrendt, Andreas 1; Email Address: behrendt@uni-hohenheim.de Wulfmeyer, Volker 1 Kiemle, Christoph 2 Ehret, Gerhard 2 Flamant, Cyrille 3 Schaberl, Thorsten 1 Bauer, Hans-Stefan 1 Kooi, Susan 4 Ismail, Syed 4 Ferrare, Richard 4 Browell, Edward V. 4 Whiteman, David N. 5; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Physik und Meteorologie, Universität Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany  2: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  3: CNRS Service Aéronomie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  5: Mesoscale Atmospheric Processes Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p22; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: SUNDIALS; Subject Term: SEA level; Subject Term: WATER levels; Subject Term: WATER vapor transport; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH1925.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldman, A.
AU  - Tipping, R.H.
AU  - Ma, Q.
AU  - Boone, C.D.
AU  - Bernath, P.F.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Hase, F.
AU  - Schneider, M.
AU  - Hannigan, J.W.
AU  - Coffey, M.T.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
T1  - On the line parameters for the (1–0) infrared quadrupolar transitions of 14N2
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 103
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 168
EP  - 174
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Re-examination of the 14N2 (1–0) line parameters in the HITRAN database showed that the vibration–rotation interaction effect on the line intensities has been neglected, and that the halfwidths are not compatible with experimental and theoretical studies. New line parameters have been generated, which improve the consistency and accuracy in individual N2 line retrievals from atmospheric spectra. Unresolved line shape issues require further studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - QUALITATIVE chemical analysis
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - Infrared atmospheric spectra
KW  - N2 quadrupole lines
N1  - Accession Number: 22737415; Goldman, A. 1; Email Address: goldman@acd.ucar.edu Tipping, R.H. 2 Ma, Q. 3 Boone, C.D. 4 Bernath, P.F. 4 Demoulin, P. 5 Hase, F. 6 Schneider, M. 6 Hannigan, J.W. 7 Coffey, M.T. 7 Rinsland, C.P. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208-2238, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0324, USA  3: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont. N2L3G1, Canada  5: Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, allée du VI août, 17, bâtiment B5a, B-4000 Liège, Belgium  6: Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany  7: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences Competency, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 103 Issue 1, p168; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE chemical analysis; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared atmospheric spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: N2 quadrupole lines; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghoshal, A.
AU  - Martin, W. N.
AU  - Schulz, M. J.
AU  - Chattopadhyay, A.
AU  - Prosser, W. H.
AU  - Kim, H. S.
T1  - Health Monitoring of Composite Plates using Acoustic Wave Propagation, Continuous Sensors and Wavelet Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 112
AB  - Health monitoring of aerospace structures can be done passively by listening for acoustic waves generated by cracks, impact damage and delaminations, or actively by propagating diagnostic stress waves and interpreting the parameters that characterize the wave travel. This paper investigates modeling of flexural wave propagation in a plate and the design of sensors to detect damage in plates based on stress wave parameters. To increase understanding of the actual physical process of wave propagation, a simple model is developed to simulate wave propagation in a plate with boundaries. The waves can be simulated by applied forces and moments in the model either to represent passive damage growth or active wave generation using piezoceramic actuators. For active wave generation, the model considers a piezoceramic patch bonded perfectly to a quasi-isotropic glass-epoxy composite plate. Distributed sensors are used on the plate and are modeled as being constructed using active fiber composite and piezoceramic materials. For active wave generation, a moment impulse is generated by the actuation of a piezoceramic patch. The waves generated from the patch are detected by the distributed sensor. For passive sensing of acoustic waves, a step function is used to simulate an acoustic emission from a propagating damage. The resulting acoustic wave is measured by the distributed sensor and produces micro-strains in the sensor nodes. The strains produce a single voltage signal output from the distributed sensor. Computational simulations and animations of acoustic wave propagation in a plate are discussed in the article. A new method to locate the source of an acoustic emission using the time history of the dominant lower frequency components of the flexural wave mode detected by continuous sensors is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLEXURE
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - STRESS waves
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - active wave propagation
KW  - distributed sensor
KW  - health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 23781388; Ghoshal, A. 1 Martin, W. N. 2 Schulz, M. J. 3 Chattopadhyay, A. 4,5 Prosser, W. H. 6 Kim, H. S. 7; Affiliation:  1: United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA  2: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI 02841, USA  3: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  4: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Aerospace Engineering Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  5: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 2368l, USA  7: Inha University, Incheon, South Korea; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p95; Subject Term: FLEXURE; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: STRESS waves; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: active wave propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: distributed sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: health monitoring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684407069965
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23781388&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, C. J.
AU  - Kumar, M. S. N.
AU  - Sandell, G.
AU  - Froebrich, D.
AU  - Smith, M. D.
AU  - Currie, M. J.
T1  - WFCAM, Spitzer/IRAC and SCUBA observations of the massive star-forming region DR21/W75 – I. The collimated molecular jets.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2007/01//1/1/2007
VL  - 374
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 53
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present wide-field near-infrared (IR) images of the DR21/W75 high-mass star-forming region, obtained with the Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) on the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope. Broad-band JHK and narrow-band H2 1-0S(1) images are compared to archival mid-IR images from the Spitzer Space Telescope, and 850-μm dust-continuum maps obtained with the Submillimeter Common User Bolometer Array (SCUBA). Together these data give a complete picture of dynamic star formation across this extensive region, which includes at least four separate star-forming sites in various stages of evolution. The H2 data reveal knots and bow shocks associated with more than 50 individual flows. Most are well collimated, and at least five qualify as parsec-scale flows. Most appear to be driven by embedded, low-mass protostars. The orientations of the outflows, particularly from the few higher mass sources in the region (DR21, DR21(OH), W75N and ERO 1), show some degree of order, being preferentially orientated roughly orthogonal to the chain of dusty cores that runs north–south through DR21. Clustering may inhibit disc accretion and therefore the production of outflows; we certainly do not see enhanced outflow activity from clusters of protostars. Finally, although the low-mass protostellar outflows are abundant and widely distributed, the current generation does not provide sufficient momentum and kinetic energy to account for the observed turbulent motions in the DR21/W75 giant molecular clouds. Rather, multiple epochs of outflow activity are required over the million-year time-scale for turbulent decay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED telescopes
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - PROTOSTARS
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - ISM: individual: DR21
KW  - ISM: individual: DR21(OH)
KW  - ISM: individual: W75
KW  - ISM: jets and outflows
KW  - ISM: kinematics and dynamics
KW  - stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 23481921; Davis, C. J. 1; Email Address: cjd@jach.hawaii.edu Kumar, M. S. N. 2 Sandell, G. 3 Froebrich, D. 4,5 Smith, M. D. 5 Currie, M. J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North A'ohōkūPlace, University Park, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  2: Centro de Astrofisica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas s/n, 4150–762 Porto, Portugal  3: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N211–3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 5 Merrion Square, Dublin 2, Ireland  5: Centre for Astrophysics & Planetary Science, School of Physical Sciences, The University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR  6: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX; Source Info: 1/1/2007, Vol. 374 Issue 1, p29; Subject Term: INFRARED telescopes; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual: DR21; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual: DR21(OH); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual: W75; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: jets and outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: kinematics and dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11163.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cho, Jeongho
AU  - Principe, Jose C.
AU  - Erdogmus, Deniz
AU  - Motter, Mark A.
T1  - Quasi-sliding mode control strategy based on multiple-linear models
JO  - Neurocomputing
JF  - Neurocomputing
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 70
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 960
EP  - 974
SN  - 09252312
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, a multiple discrete quasi-sliding mode (QSM) control scheme is proposed for a general class of nonlinear discrete time systems with unknown dynamical equations, provided that input–output data is available for system identification. The self-organizing map (SOM) is employed to divide the state space into local regions such that it associates the operating region where a local linear model is the winner with a local quasi-sliding mode controller (QSMC). Switching of the controllers is done synchronously with the active local linear model that tracks the different operating conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed controller outperforms tracking the desired trajectory in noisy environments either with a global controller or simpler controllers based on multiple models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Neurocomputing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SLIDING mode control
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - SELF-organizing maps
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - PROGRAMMABLE controllers
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Multiple models
KW  - Self-organizing map
KW  - Sliding mode control
KW  - Unknown nonlinear system
N1  - Accession Number: 23671332; Cho, Jeongho 1; Email Address: jeongho@cnel.ufl.edu Principe, Jose C. 1 Erdogmus, Deniz 2 Motter, Mark A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Computational NeuroEngineering Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  2: Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97006, USA  3: Electronics System Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 70 Issue 4-6, p960; Subject Term: SLIDING mode control; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: SELF-organizing maps; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: PROGRAMMABLE controllers; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-organizing map; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sliding mode control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unknown nonlinear system; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.07.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chandrasekaran, Hema
AU  - Li, Jiang
AU  - Delashmit, W.H.
AU  - Narasimha, P.L.
AU  - Yu, Changhua
AU  - Manry, Michael T.
T1  - Convergent design of piecewise linear neural networks
JO  - Neurocomputing
JF  - Neurocomputing
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 70
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1022
EP  - 1039
SN  - 09252312
AB  - Abstract: Piecewise linear networks (PLNs) are attractive because they can be trained quickly and provide good performance in many nonlinear approximation problems. Most existing design algorithms for piecewise linear networks are not convergent, non-optimal, or are not designed to handle noisy data. In this paper, four algorithms are presented which attack this problem. They are: (1) a convergent design algorithm which builds the PLN one module at a time using a branch and bound technique; (2) two pruning algorithms which eliminate less useful modules from the network; and (3) a sifting algorithm which picks the best networks out of the many designed. The performance of the PLN is compared with that of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) using several benchmark data sets. Numerical results demonstrate that piecewise linear networks are adequate for many approximation problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Neurocomputing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - PERCEPTRONS
KW  - Conjugate gradient method
KW  - Generalization
KW  - Local neural networks
KW  - Multilayer perceptron (MLP)
KW  - Nonlinear networks
KW  - Piecewise linear function approximation
N1  - Accession Number: 23671337; Chandrasekaran, Hema 1; Email Address: hchandrasekaran@mail.arc.nasa.gov Li, Jiang 2; Email Address: Lijiang_ts@yahoo.com Delashmit, W.H. 3 Narasimha, P.L. 2 Yu, Changhua 4 Manry, Michael T. 2; Email Address: manry@uta.edu; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035,USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control, Dallas, TX 75265 21046, USA  4: Fastvdo LLC. Columbia, MD 21046, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 70 Issue 4-6, p1022; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PERCEPTRONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conjugate gradient method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Generalization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Local neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multilayer perceptron (MLP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piecewise linear function approximation; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.neucom.2006.02.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seevaratnam, G. K.
AU  - Suo, Y.
AU  - Ramé, E.
AU  - Walker, L. M.
AU  - Garoff, S.
T1  - Dynamic wetting of shear thinning fluids.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 012103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The impact of non-Newtonian behavior on dynamic wetting is critical since many fluids exhibit such behavior somewhere in the high-shear environment inherent in the wedge flow near a moving contact line. This impact will be different for two broad categories of non-Newtonian behavior, shear thinning, and elasticity. In this paper, we discuss the steady-state wetting of a fluid, aqueous solutions of xanthan gum, dominated by shear thinning but with negligible elasticity. In the shear thinning fluid, viscous bending near the contact line is greatly reduced compared to a Newtonian fluid having the same zero-shear viscosity. Concomitant with this reduction in viscous bending, the effective dynamic contact angle has a much weaker dependence on capillary number, Ca, than is observed in, or predicted for, Newtonian fluids. A simple lubrication model using a constitutive relation with power-law shear thinning at high shear rates and a Newtonian plateau at low shear rates mimics the trends seen in our data and elucidates the origins of the reduced viscous bending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WETTING
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - XANTHAN gum
KW  - STABILIZING agents
KW  - MICROBIAL polysaccharides
N1  - Accession Number: 23923467; Seevaratnam, G. K. 1 Suo, Y. 2 Ramé, E. 3 Walker, L. M. 1 Garoff, S. 4; Email Address: sg2e@andrew.cmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering and Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213  2: Raindance Technologies, Guilford, Connecticut 06437  3: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Center for Complex Fluids Engineering and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p012103; Subject Term: WETTING; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: XANTHAN gum; Subject Term: STABILIZING agents; Subject Term: MICROBIAL polysaccharides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2432107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mahaney, William C.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Cabrol, Nathalie A.
AU  - Grin, Edmond A.
AU  - Berman, Daniel C.
T1  - Rock glaciers on Mars: Earth-based clues to Mars’ recent paleoclimatic history
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 192
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Mars Orbital Camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft, which is currently orbiting about Mars, has revealed hundreds of pristine lobate and tongue-shaped flows that closely display the morphological characteristics of terrestrial rock glaciers, both tongue- and lobe-shaped forms. Generally located between 30°S and 47°S latitude on Mars, these terrestrial-like flows have important paleoenvironmental implications, including marking environmental change from current, present cold and dry desert martian conditions to cold wetter climates in the past. Paleoenvironmental conditions, hypothesized to have significantly influenced the dimensions of the terrestrial-like flows, is supported through a simple dynamic model with the power-law rheology. The presence of periglacial landforms on Mars indicates the possible presence of permafrost and potential caches of water for future exobiological exploration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FROZEN ground
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ROCK glaciers
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - Mars
KW  - Paleoclimatology
KW  - Rock Glacier Rheology
N1  - Accession Number: 23516590; Mahaney, William C. 1; Email Address: arkose@rogers.com Miyamoto, Hideaki 2; Email Address: miyamoto@geosys.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp Dohm, James M. 3; Email Address: jmd@hwr.arizona.edu Baker, Victor R. 3; Email Address: baker@hwr.arizona.edu Cabrol, Nathalie A. 4; Email Address: ncabrol@mail.arc.nasa.gov Grin, Edmond A. 4 Berman, Daniel C. 5; Email Address: bermandc@psi.edu; Affiliation:  1: Quaternary Surveys, 26 Thornhill Avenue, Thornhill, Ont., Canada L4J 1J4  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona and Department of Geosystem Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 55 Issue 1/2, p181; Subject Term: FROZEN ground; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ROCK glaciers; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paleoclimatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock Glacier Rheology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23516590&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Roellig, T. L.
AU  - Werner, M. W.
AU  - Fazio, G. G.
AU  - Houck, J. R.
AU  - Low, F. J.
AU  - Rieke, G. H.
AU  - Soifer, B. T.
AU  - Levine, D. A.
AU  - Romana, E. A.
T1  - The NASA Spitzer Space Telescope.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2007/01//
VL  - 78
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 011302
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility) is the fourth and final facility in the Great Observatories Program, joining Hubble Space Telescope (1990), the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (1991–2000), and the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (1999). Spitzer, with a sensitivity that is almost three orders of magnitude greater than that of any previous ground-based and space-based infrared observatory, is expected to revolutionize our understanding of the creation of the universe, the formation and evolution of primitive galaxies, the origin of stars and planets, and the chemical evolution of the universe. This review presents a brief overview of the scientific objectives and history of infrared astronomy. We discuss Spitzer’s expected role in infrared astronomy for the new millennium. We describe pertinent details of the design, construction, launch, in-orbit checkout, and operations of the observatory and summarize some science highlights from the first two and a half years of Spitzer operations. More information about Spitzer can be found at http://spitzer.caltech.edu/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - INFRARED telescopes
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24601952; Gehrz, R. D. 1 Roellig, T. L. 2 Werner, M. W. 3 Fazio, G. G. 4 Houck, J. R. 5 Low, F. J. 6 Rieke, G. H. 6 Soifer, B. T. 7 Levine, D. A. 7 Romana, E. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 264-767, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138  5: Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6801  6: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85721  7: Spitzer Science Center, MC 220-6, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 78 Issue 1, p011302; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: INFRARED telescopes; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 38p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2431313
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Stofan, E. R.
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Lunine, J. I.
AU  - Lorenz, R. D.
AU  - Stiles, B.
AU  - Mitchell, K. L.
AU  - Ostro, S.
AU  - Soderblom, L.
AU  - Wood, C.
AU  - Zebker, H.
AU  - Wall, S.
AU  - Janssen, M.
AU  - Kirk, R.
AU  - Lopes, R.
AU  - Paganelli, F.
AU  - Radebaugh, J.
AU  - Wye, L.
AU  - Anderson, Y.
AU  - Allison, M.
AU  - Boehmer, R.
T1  - The lakes of Titan.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/01/04/
VL  - 445
IS  - 7123
M3  - Letter
SP  - 61
EP  - 64
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The surface of Saturn’s haze-shrouded moon Titan has long been proposed to have oceans or lakes, on the basis of the stability of liquid methane at the surface. Initial visible and radar imaging failed to find any evidence of an ocean, although abundant evidence was found that flowing liquids have existed on the surface. Here we provide definitive evidence for the presence of lakes on the surface of Titan, obtained during the Cassini Radar flyby of Titan on 22 July 2006 (T16). The radar imaging polewards of 70° north shows more than 75 circular to irregular radar-dark patches, in a region where liquid methane and ethane are expected to be abundant and stable on the surface. The radar-dark patches are interpreted as lakes on the basis of their very low radar reflectivity and morphological similarities to lakes, including associated channels and location in topographic depressions. Some of the lakes do not completely fill the depressions in which they lie, and apparently dry depressions are present. We interpret this to indicate that lakes are present in a number of states, including partly dry and liquid-filled. These northern-hemisphere lakes constitute the strongest evidence yet that a condensable-liquid hydrological cycle is active in Titan’s surface and atmosphere, in which the lakes are filled through rainfall and/or intersection with the subsurface ‘liquid methane’ table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - LIQUID methane
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - LAKES
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
KW  - LOWS (Meteorology)
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 23573859; Stofan, E. R. 1,2; Email Address: estofan@proxemy.com Elachi, C. 3 Lunine, J. I. 4 Lorenz, R. D. 5 Stiles, B. 3 Mitchell, K. L. 3 Ostro, S. 3 Soderblom, L. 6 Wood, C. 7 Zebker, H. 8 Wall, S. 3 Janssen, M. 3 Kirk, R. 6 Lopes, R. 3 Paganelli, F. 3 Radebaugh, J. 4 Wye, L. 8 Anderson, Y. 3 Allison, M. 9 Boehmer, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Proxemy Research, Rectortown, Virginia 20140, USA  2: Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA  5: Space Department, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab, Laurel, Maryland 20723-6099, USA  6: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA  7: Wheeling Jesuit University and Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA  8: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA  9: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration New York, New York 10025, USA; Source Info: 1/4/2007, Vol. 445 Issue 7123, p61; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: LIQUID methane; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: LOWS (Meteorology); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature05438
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rivera, E.
AU  - Haghighipour, N.
T1  - On the stability of test particles in extrasolar multiple planet systems.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2007/01/11/
VL  - 374
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 599
EP  - 613
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We have studied the dynamical evolution of test particles in the planetary systems of υ Andromedae, GJ 876, 47 UMa and 55 Cnc. Using recent radial velocity data of these stars and also utilizing a relatively new radial velocity fitting routine, we have obtained the orbital parameters of the giant planets of these systems, and studied the possibility of their harbouring of terrestrial-class planets and smaller objects. Our results indicate that, unlike the stable orbit of the newly discovered Earth-like planet of GJ 876, the orbit of the recently announced planet of 55 Cnc is unstable. Our simulations also show that the outer planet of 47 UMa may contain Trojan-type asteroids. We present the results of our detailed study of the orbital stability and dynamical behaviour of test particles throughout these systems, and investigate the possibility of stable orbits in their habitable zones. Within the context of the latter, it seems that the two systems of 47 UMa and 55 Cnc are still the only ones with the capability of harbouring habitable planets, although the new influence zones of their giant planets have caused their habitable regions to be different from the ones reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS with planets
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - ANDROMEDA (Constellation)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - celestial mechanics
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: individual: υ Andromedae
KW  - stars: individual: 47 UMa
KW  - stars: individual: 55 Cancri
KW  - stars: individual: GJ 876
KW  - stars: individual: v Andromedae
N1  - Accession Number: 23634526; Rivera, E. 1,2; Email Address: rivera@ucolick.org Haghighipour, N. 3; Email Address: nader@ifa.hawaii.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of California/Lick Observatory, 373 Interdisciplinary Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Institute for Astronomy and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii-Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 98622, USA; Source Info: 1/11/2007, Vol. 374 Issue 2, p599; Subject Term: STARS with planets; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: ANDROMEDA (Constellation); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: υ Andromedae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: 47 UMa; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: 55 Cancri; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: GJ 876; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: v Andromedae; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11172.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kradinov, V.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Combined in-plane and through-the-thickness analysis for failure prediction of bolted composite joints
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2007/01/15/
VL  - 77
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 147
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: Although two-dimensional methods provide accurate predictions of contact stresses and bolt load distribution in bolted composite joints with multiple bolts, they fail to capture the effect of thickness on the strength prediction. This study presents an analysis method to account for the variation of stresses in the thickness direction by augmenting a two-dimensional analysis with a one-dimensional through-the-thickness analysis. The two-dimensional in-plane solution method is based on the combined complex potential and variational formulation. The through-the-thickness analysis is based on the model utilizing a beam on an elastic foundation. The bolt, represented as a short beam while accounting for bending and shear deformations, rests on springs, where the spring coefficients represent the resistance of the composite laminate to bolt deformation. The combined in-plane and through-the-thickness analysis produces the bolt/hole displacement in the thickness direction, as well as the stress state in each ply. The initial ply failure predicted by applying the average stress criterion is followed by a simple progressive failure. Application of the model is demonstrated by considering single- and double-lap joints of metal plates bolted to composite laminates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DIMENSIONAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - Bolt
KW  - Failure
KW  - Laminate
KW  - Lap joints
N1  - Accession Number: 22506302; Kradinov, V. 1 Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Ambur, D.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210119, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 77 Issue 2, p127; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DIMENSIONAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bolt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lap joints; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.06.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kradinov, V.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Ambur, D.R.
T1  - Application of genetic algorithm for optimum design of bolted composite lap joints
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2007/01/15/
VL  - 77
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 148
EP  - 159
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: The genetic algorithm (GA), a powerful optimization technique for multiple extrema functions in multidimensional search spaces, is applied in conjunction with stress analysis to achieve optimum designs of bolted composite lap joints. The objective of the optimization is to ensure the highest strength of the joint. In this study, the laminate thickness, laminate lay-up, bolt location, bolt flexibility, and bolt size are considered as design variables. The contact stresses (bolt loads) are determined by a combined complex potential and variational formulation. In this formulation, the equilibrium equations are satisfied exactly and the boundary conditions are enforced by minimizing the total potential. The contact stresses as well as the contact region are determined through an iterative procedure as part of a solution method that accounts for the effects of finite geometry and by-pass loading. The fitness function for the GA optimization is based on the average stress failure criterion for predicting net-section, shear-out, and bearing failure modes in bolted lap joints. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - Bolt
KW  - Composite
KW  - Design variables
KW  - Lap joints
KW  - Optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 22506303; Kradinov, V. 1 Madenci, E. 2; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Ambur, D.R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Structural Analysis and Design Group, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 77 Issue 2, p148; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bolt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lap joints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2005.06.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bardavid, Rahel
AU  - Ionescu, Danny
AU  - Oren, Aharon
AU  - Rainey, Fred
AU  - Hollen, Becky
AU  - Bagaley, Danielle
AU  - Small, Alanna
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Selective enrichment, isolation and molecular detection of Salinibacter and related extremely halophilic Bacteria from hypersaline environments.
JO  - Hydrobiologia
JF  - Hydrobiologia
Y1  - 2007/01/15/
VL  - 576
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 13
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00188158
AB  - Salinibacter is a genus of red, extremely halophilic Bacteria. Thus far the genus is represented by a single species, Salinibacter ruber, strains of which have been isolated from saltern crystallizer ponds in Spain and on the Balearic Islands. Both with respect to its growth conditions and its physiology, Salinibacter resembles the halophilic Archaea of the order Halobacteriales. We have designed selective enrichment and isolation techniques to obtain Salinibacter and related red extremely halophilic Bacteria from different hypersaline environments, based on their resistance to anisomycin and bacitracin, two antibiotics that are potent inhibitors of the halophilic Archaea. Using direct plating on media containing bacitracin, we found Salinibacter-like organisms in numbers between 1.4×103 and 1.4×106ml−1 in brines collected from the crystallizer ponds of the salterns in Eilat, Israel, being equivalent to 1.8–18% of the total colony counts obtained on identical media without bacitracin. A number of strains from Eilat were subjected to a preliminary characterization, and they proved similar to the type strain of S. ruber. We also report here the isolation and molecular detection of Salinibacter-like organisms from an evaporite crust on the bottom of salt pools at the Badwater site in Death Valley, CA. These isolates and environmental 16S rRNA gene sequences differ in a number of properties from S. ruber, and they may represent a new species of Salinibacter or a new related genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Hydrobiologia is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HALOPHILIC microorganisms
KW  - HALOBACTERIUM
KW  - ARCHAEBACTERIA
KW  - AQUATIC biology
KW  - AQUATIC organisms
KW  - SALINE waters
KW  - Anisomycin
KW  - Bacitracin
KW  - Death Valley
KW  - Enrichment
KW  - Hypersaline
KW  - Salinibacter
KW  - Salterns
N1  - Accession Number: 23512608; Bardavid, Rahel 1 Ionescu, Danny 1 Oren, Aharon 1; Email Address: orena@shum.cc.huji.ac.il Rainey, Fred 2 Hollen, Becky 2 Bagaley, Danielle 2 Small, Alanna 2 McKay, Christopher 3; Affiliation:  1: The Institute of Life Sciences, and The Moshe Shilo Minerva Center for Marine Biogeochemistry , The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Jerusalem 91904 Israel  2: Department of Biological Sciences , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge 70803 USA  3: Space Science Division , NASA-Ames Research Center , Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 576 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: HALOPHILIC microorganisms; Subject Term: HALOBACTERIUM; Subject Term: ARCHAEBACTERIA; Subject Term: AQUATIC biology; Subject Term: AQUATIC organisms; Subject Term: SALINE waters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisomycin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacitracin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Death Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enrichment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersaline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salinibacter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salterns; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10750-006-0288-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23512608&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seol, Jae Hun
AU  - Moore, Arden L.
AU  - Saha, Sanjoy K.
AU  - Zhou, Feng
AU  - Shi, Li
AU  - Ye, Qi Laura
AU  - Scheffler, Raymond
AU  - Mingo, Natalio
AU  - Yamada, Toshishige
T1  - Measurement and analysis of thermopower and electrical conductivity of an indium antimonide nanowire from a vapor-liquid-solid method.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2007/01/15/
VL  - 101
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 023706
EP  - N.PAG
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - It has been suggested by theoretical calculation that indium antimonide (InSb) nanowires can possess improved thermoelectric properties compared to the corresponding bulk crystal. Here we fabricated a device using electron beam lithography to measure the thermopower and electrical conductivity of an individual InSb nanowire grown using a vapor-liquid-solid method. The comparison between the measurement results and transport simulations reveals that the nanowire was unintentionally degenerately doped with donors. Better control of the impurity doping concentration can improve the thermoelectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDIUM
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ELECTRON beam lithography
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 23878072; Seol, Jae Hun 1 Moore, Arden L. 1 Saha, Sanjoy K. 1 Zhou, Feng 1 Shi, Li 1 Ye, Qi Laura 2 Scheffler, Raymond 2 Mingo, Natalio 3 Yamada, Toshishige 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 and Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035 and ELORET, 465 S. Mathilda Avenue, Suite 103, Sunnyvale, California 94086  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 1/15/2007, Vol. 101 Issue 2, p023706; Subject Term: INDIUM; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELECTRON beam lithography; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2430508
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ludwig, Casimir J.H.
AU  - Eckstein, Miguel P.
AU  - Beutter, Brent R.
T1  - Limited flexibility in the filter underlying saccadic targeting
JO  - Vision Research
JF  - Vision Research
Y1  - 2007/01/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 288
SN  - 00426989
AB  - Abstract: The choice of where to look in a visual scene depends on visual processing of information from potential target locations. We examined to what extent the sampling window, or filter, underlying saccadic eye movements is under flexible control and adjusted to the behavioural task demands. Observers performed a contrast discrimination task with systematic variations in the spatial scale and location of the visual signals: small (σ =0.175°) or large (σ =0.8°) Gaussian signals were presented 4.5°, 6°, or 9° away from central fixation. In experiment 1, we measured the accuracy of the first saccade as a function of target contrast. The efficiency of saccadic targeting decreased with increases in both scale and eccentricity. In experiment 2, the filter underlying saccadic targeting was estimated with the classification image method. We found that the filter (1) had a center-surround organisation, even though the signal was Gaussian; (2) was much too small for the large scale items; (3) remained constant up to the largest measured eccentricity of 9°. The filter underlying the decision of where to look is not fixed, and can be adjusted to the task demands. However, there are clear limits to this flexibility. These limits reflect the coding of visual information by early mechanisms, and the extent to which the neural circuitry involved in programming saccadic eye movements is able to appropriately weigh and combine the outputs from these mechanisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Vision Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SACCADIC eye movements
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - NEURAL circuitry
KW  - VISION -- Research
KW  - Contrast
KW  - Decision-making
KW  - Saccadic eye movements
KW  - Spatial vision
KW  - Template-matching
N1  - Accession Number: 23556244; Ludwig, Casimir J.H. 1; Email Address: c.ludwig@bristol.ac.uk Eckstein, Miguel P. 2; Email Address: eckstein@psych.ucsb.edu Beutter, Brent R. 3; Email Address: bbeuter@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol BS8 1TU, UK  2: Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA  3: Human Performance Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2007, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p280; Subject Term: SACCADIC eye movements; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: NEURAL circuitry; Subject Term: VISION -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contrast; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision-making; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saccadic eye movements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial vision; Author-Supplied Keyword: Template-matching; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.visres.2006.09.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23556244&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lüning, Katharina
AU  - Pianetta, Piero
AU  - Wenbing Yun
AU  - Almeida, Eduardo
AU  - van der Meulen, Marjolein
T1  - A High Resolution Full Field Transmission X-ray Microscope at SSRL.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/19/
VL  - 879
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1333
EP  - 1336
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) in collaboration with Xradia Inc., the NASA Ames Research Center and Cornell University is implementing a commercial hard x-ray full field imaging microscope based on zone plate optics on a wiggler beam line on SPEAR3. This facility will provide unprecedented analytical capabilities for a broad range of scientific areas and will enable research on nanoscale phenomena and structures in biology as well as materials science and environmental science. This instrument will provide high resolution x-ray microscopy, tomography, and spectromicroscopy capabilities in a photon energy range between 5–14 keV. The spatial resolution of the TXM microscope is specified as 20 nm exploiting imaging in third diffraction order. This imaging facility will optimally combine the latest imaging technology developed by Xradia Inc. with the wiggler source characteristics at beam line 6-2 at SSRL. This will result in an instrument capable of high speed and high resolution imaging with spectral tunability for spectromicroscopy, element specific and Zernike phase contrast imaging. Furthermore, a scanning microprobe capability will be integral to the system thus allowing elemental mapping and fluorescence yield XANES to be performed with a spatial resolution of about 1 μm without introducing any changes to the optical configuration of the instrument. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - X-ray microscopes
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - ZONE plates
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - Hard X-ray Microscopy
KW  - TXM
N1  - Accession Number: 23923724; Lüning, Katharina 1 Pianetta, Piero 1 Wenbing Yun 2 Almeida, Eduardo 3 van der Meulen, Marjolein 4; Affiliation:  1: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94065  2: Xradia, Inc., 4075A Sprig Drive, Concord, CA 94520  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  4: Cornell University, 219 Upson Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 879 Issue 1, p1333; Subject Term: X-ray microscopes; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: ZONE plates; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hard X-ray Microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: TXM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2436310
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23923724&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaier, James R.
AU  - Jaworske, Donald A.
T1  - Lunar Dust on Heat Rejection System Surfaces: Problems and Prospects.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 34
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Heat rejection from power systems will be necessary for human and robotic activity on the lunar surface. Functional operation of such heat rejection systems is at risk of degradation as a consequence of dust accumulation. The Apollo astronauts encountered marked degradation of performance in heat rejection systems for the lunar roving vehicle, science packages, and other components. Although ground testing of dust mitigation concepts in support of the Apollo mission identified candidate mitigation tools, the brush concept adopted by the Apollo astronauts proved essentially ineffective. A better understanding of the issues associated with the impact of lunar dust on the functional performance of heat rejection systems and its removal is needed as planning gets underway for human and robotic missions to the Moon. Renewed emphasis must also be placed on ground testing of pristine and dust-covered heat rejection system surfaces to quantify degradation and address mitigation concepts. This paper presents a review of the degradation of heat rejection systems encountered on the lunar surface to-date, and discusses current activities underway to evaluate the durability of candidate heat rejection system surfaces and current dust mitigation concepts. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Control systems
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - TEMPERATURE control
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - heat rejection systems
KW  - lunar dust
KW  - optical properties
KW  - thermal control surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 23858065; Gaier, James R. 1; Email Address: James.R.Gaier@nasa.gov Jaworske, Donald A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Control systems; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE control; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat rejection systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal control surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437437
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23858065&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tarau, Calin
AU  - Sarraf, David B.
AU  - Locci, Ivan E.
AU  - Anderson, William G.
T1  - Intermediate Temperature Fluids Life Tests — Theory.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 146
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - There are a number of different applications that could use heat pipes or loop heat pipes (LHPs) in the intermediate temperature range of 450 to 750 K, including space nuclear power system radiators, and high temperature electronics cooling. Potential working fluids include organic fluids, elements, and halides, with halides being the least understood, with only a few life tests conducted. Potential envelope materials for halide working fluids include pure aluminum, aluminum alloys, commercially pure (CP) titanium, titanium alloys, and corrosion resistant superalloys. Life tests were conducted with three halides (AlBr3, SbBr3, and TiCl4) and water in three different envelopes: two aluminum alloys (Al-5052, Al-6061) and CP-2 titanium. The AlBr3 attacked the grain boundaries in the aluminum envelopes, and formed TiAl compounds in the titanium. The SbBr3 was incompatible with the only envelope material that it was tested with, Al-6061. TiCl4 and water were both compatible with CP2-titanium. A theoretical model was developed that uses electromotive force differences to predict the compatibility of halide working fluids with envelope materials. This theory predicts that iron, nickel, and molybdenum are good envelope materials, while aluminum and titanium halides are good working fluids. The model is in good agreement with results from previous life tests, as well as the current life tests. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - NUCLEAR powered space vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - halide working fluids
KW  - Heat pipe life tests
KW  - high temperature electronics cooling
KW  - intermediate temperature heat pipes
KW  - space radiator systems
N1  - Accession Number: 23858052; Tarau, Calin 1 Sarraf, David B. 1 Locci, Ivan E. 2 Anderson, William G. 1; Email Address: Bill.Anderson@1-ACT.com; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc., Lancaster, PA 17601, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p137; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: NUCLEAR powered space vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: halide working fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat pipe life tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature electronics cooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: intermediate temperature heat pipes; Author-Supplied Keyword: space radiator systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437450
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23858052&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gold, Robert E.
AU  - McNutt Jr., Ralph L.
AU  - Napolillo, David H.
AU  - Schaefer, Edward D.
AU  - Tanzman, Jennifer R.
AU  - Fiehler, Douglas I.
AU  - Hartka, Theodore J.
AU  - Mehoke, Douglas S.
AU  - Ostdiek, Paul H.
AU  - Persons, David F.
AU  - Prockter, Louise M.
AU  - Vernon, Steven R.
T1  - Paris to Hektor: A Concept for a Mission to the Jovian Trojan Asteroids.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 223
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents an example of a new class of planetary exploration missions that is been enabled by the combination of the three technologies of advanced radioisotope power systems, electric propulsion, and expendable launch vehicles. These PARIS (Planetary Access with Radioisotope Ion-drive System) missions are optimized for rendezvous with outer solar system bodies in shallow gravity wells. They are low-thrust missions that are launched to a high C3 and use their electric propulsion systems to slow them to enable orbit insertion or landing on the target body. The PARIS spacecraft can be powered by traditional Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs), but will benefit greatly from the improved power-to-mass ratio of Stirling radioisotope generators (SRGs) that results from their high conversion efficiency. These New-Frontiers class missions can carry a significant science payload to the Jovian Trojan asteroids. The Trojans are very primitive bodies located near the Jovian L4 and L5 Lagrange points. The PARIS to Hektor mission can reach the asteroids in less than 5 years, orbit 624 Hektor, the largest of the Jovian Trojans, and go on to orbit at least one other nearby object. There are estimated to be more than 105 Jovian Trojans greater than 1 km in diameter. The PARIS to Hektor spacecraft has a candidate payload that includes wide-field and narrow-field cameras, a UV-Vis-IR spectrograph, gamma-ray and neutron spectrometers, and plasma and energetic particle spectrometers. The power system generates about 900 W and the launch mass is slightly less than 1000 kg. The trip time is 5 years if “classic” GPHS RTGs are used for power. Next generation Stirling radioisotope generators (SRGs), with a demonstrated thermal conversion efficiency of > 30% and an estimated specific power of > 8W/kg would reduce the travel time to about 4 years. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SPACE flight to asteroids
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - THERMOELECTRIC generators
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - ion propulsion
KW  - Jupiter
N1  - Accession Number: 23858044; Gold, Robert E. 1; Email Address: robert.gold@jhuapl.edu McNutt Jr., Ralph L. 1 Napolillo, David H. 1 Schaefer, Edward D. 1 Tanzman, Jennifer R. 1 Fiehler, Douglas I. 2 Hartka, Theodore J. 1 Mehoke, Douglas S. 1 Ostdiek, Paul H. 1 Persons, David F. 1 Prockter, Louise M. 1 Vernon, Steven R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, MD 20723, USA  2: ASRC Aerospace, NASA Glenn Research Center, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p217; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SPACE flight to asteroids; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: ion propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437458
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23858044&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clough, Joshua A.
AU  - Starkey, Ryan P.
AU  - Lewis, Mark J.
AU  - Lavelle, Thomas M.
T1  - Tie Tube Heat Transfer Modeling for Bimodal Nuclear Thermal Rockets.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 281
EP  - 288
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Bimodal nuclear thermal rocket systems have been shown to reduce the weight and cost of space vehicles to Mars and beyond by utilizing the reactor for power generation in the relatively long duration between burns in an interplanetary trajectory. No information, however, is available regarding engine and reactor-level operation of such bimodal systems. The purpose of this project is to generate engine and reactor models with sufficient fidelity and flexibility to accurately study the component-level effects of operating a propulsion-designed reactor at power generation levels. Previous development of a 1-D reactor and tie tube model found that ignoring heat generation inside of the tie tube leads to under-prediction of the temperature change and over-prediction of pressure change across the tie tube. This paper will present the development and results of a tie tube model that has been extended to account for heat generation, specifically in the moderator layer. This model is based on a 1-D distribution of power in the fuel elements and tie tubes, as a precursor to an eventual neutron-driven reactor model. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Control systems
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - NUCLEAR fuel elements
KW  - MARS probes
KW  - Bimodal nuclear thermal rocket
KW  - conduction
KW  - heat transfer
KW  - reactor modeling
KW  - tie tubes
N1  - Accession Number: 23858036; Clough, Joshua A. 1; Email Address: cloughja@umd.edu Starkey, Ryan P. 1 Lewis, Mark J. 1 Lavelle, Thomas M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p281; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Control systems; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fuel elements; Subject Term: MARS probes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bimodal nuclear thermal rocket; Author-Supplied Keyword: conduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: reactor modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: tie tubes; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437466
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23858036&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krause, David L.
AU  - Kalluri, Sreeramesh
AU  - Bowman, Randy R.
T1  - Structural Benchmark Testing for Stirling Converter Heater Heads.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 304
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has identified high efficiency Stirling technology for potential use on long duration Space Science missions such as Mars rovers, deep space missions, and lunar applications. For the long life times required, a structurally significant design limit for the Stirling convertor heater head is creep deformation induced even under relatively low stress levels at high material temperatures. Conventional investigations of creep behavior adequately rely on experimental results from uniaxial creep specimens, and much creep data is available for the proposed Inconel-718 (IN-718) and MarM-247 nickel-based superalloy materials of construction. However, very little experimental creep information is available that directly applies to the atypical thin walls, the specific microstructures, and the low stress levels. In addition, the geometry and loading conditions apply multiaxial stress states on the heater head components, far from the conditions of uniaxial testing. For these reasons, experimental benchmark testing is underway to aid in accurately assessing the durability of Stirling heater heads. The investigation supplements uniaxial creep testing with pneumatic testing of heater head test articles at elevated temperatures and with stress levels ranging from one to seven times design stresses. This paper presents experimental methods, results, post-test microstructural analyses, and conclusions for both accelerated and non-accelerated tests. The Stirling projects use the results to calibrate deterministic and probabilistic analytical creep models of the heater heads to predict their life times. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STIRLING engines
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - Stirling heater head creep deformation life cascade test Inconel 718 MarM 247 superalloy precipitate grain
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23858034; Krause, David L. 1; Email Address: krause@nasa.gov Kalluri, Sreeramesh 2 Bowman, Randy R. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p297; Subject Term: STIRLING engines; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling heater head creep deformation life cascade test Inconel 718 MarM 247 superalloy precipitate grain; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437468
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23858034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schreiber, Jeffrey G.
AU  - Thieme, Lanny G.
T1  - Final Results for the GRC Supporting Technology Development Project for the 110-Watt Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG110).
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 325
EP  - 338
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - From 1999-2006, the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) supported the development of a high-efficiency, nominal 110-We Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG110) for potential use on NASA missions, including deep space missions. Mars rovers, and lunar applications. Lockheed Martin (LM) was the system integrator for the SRG110, under contact to the Department of Energy (DOE). Infinia Corporation (formerly Stirling Technology Company) developed the Stirling converter. First as a contractor to DOE and then under subcontract to LM. The SRG110 development has been redirected, and recent program changes have been made to significantly increase the specific power of the generator. System development of an Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) has now begun, using a lightweight, advanced converter from Sunpower, Inc. This paper summarizes the results of the supporting technology effort that GRC completed for the SRG110. GRC tasks included converter extended-duration testing in air and thermal vacuum environments, heater head life assessment, materials studies, permanent magnet aging characterization, linear alternator evaluations, structural dynamics testing, electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) characterization, organic materials evaluations, reliability studies, and development of an end-to-end system dynamic model. Related efforts are now continuing in many of these areas to support ASRG development. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - STIRLING engines
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC interference in aeronautics
KW  - THERMOELECTRIC generators
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - EMI/EMC
KW  - magnets
KW  - organics
KW  - radioisotope
KW  - reliability
KW  - space power
KW  - Stirling
KW  - structural dynamics
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23858031; Schreiber, Jeffrey G. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.G.Schreiber@nasa.gov Thieme, Lanny G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p325; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: STIRLING engines; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC interference in aeronautics; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: EMI/EMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnets; Author-Supplied Keyword: organics; Author-Supplied Keyword: radioisotope; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: space power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural dynamics; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437471
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23858031&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, W. O.
AU  - Wang, Mike
AU  - Wei Shih
AU  - Ramirez, Rogelio
AU  - Beach, Duane
AU  - Youchison, Dennis
AU  - Lenard, Roger
AU  - Liguori, Justin
AU  - Liguori, Ed
T1  - An Ultra-Lightweight, High Performance Carbon-Carbon Space Radiator.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 429
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Propulsion systems for deep space exploration that rely on nuclear energy require innovative advancements in radiator technology, both materials and construction technique, to meet the demands associated with high rejection temperatures. A five fold reduction in radiator specific mass is achievable and will be needed to meet the demanding challenge of space exploration. Our development of a carbon-carbon (C-C) based radiator design unaffected by long term exposure to high temperature and radiation has wide ranging application, for both small and large power conversion systems. Our results stem from a NASA SBIR program focused on demonstrating thermal performance in a high temperature carbon-carbon (C-C) radiator configured with titanium water- heat pipes, using approximately 500 K water for the working fluid. However, joining strategy and material choices employed are appropriate for very high temperature alkali fluids. Distinct design advantages of carbon-carbon material are its low density, unlimited life, and ability to tailor its physical properties through fiber selection, fiber orientation, and special processing. We will report on our experience in joining of titanium to carbonized materials through direct carbonization and brazing. Results of thermal tests at Sandia National Laboratories on a 1 kW thermal radiator will be presented, along with construction progress and testing of a 2.6 m2 sandwich radiator for NASA Glenn. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Radiators
KW  - CARBON
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - HEAT-transfer media
KW  - BRAZING alloys
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - ENERGY conversion
KW  - Carbon-carbon material
KW  - carbon-carbon radiator sandwich panels
KW  - carbonizing carbon-carbon to metal
KW  - metal to carbon foam brazing
KW  - space radiator
KW  - titanium heat pipe
N1  - Accession Number: 23858020; Miller, W. O. 1; Email Address: bill.miller@allcomp.net Wang, Mike 1 Wei Shih 1 Ramirez, Rogelio 1 Beach, Duane 2 Youchison, Dennis 3 Lenard, Roger 3 Liguori, Justin 4 Liguori, Ed 4; Affiliation:  1: Allcomp Corporation, City of Industry, CA, 91746, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, USA  3: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, 87185, USA  4: Scarrott Metallurgical Corporation, Los Angeles, CA, 90045, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p421; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Radiators; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: HEAT-transfer media; Subject Term: BRAZING alloys; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: ENERGY conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon-carbon material; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon-carbon radiator sandwich panels; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbonizing carbon-carbon to metal; Author-Supplied Keyword: metal to carbon foam brazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: space radiator; Author-Supplied Keyword: titanium heat pipe; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437482
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23858020&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan, Jack
AU  - Wood, J. Gary
AU  - Schreiber, Jeffrey G.
T1  - Development of Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator for Space Exploration.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 615
EP  - 623
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Under the joint sponsorship of the Department of Energy and NASA, a radioisotope power system utilizing Stirling power conversion technology is being developed for potential future space missions. The higher conversion efficiency of the Stirling cycle compared with that of Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) used in previous missions (Viking, Pioneer, Voyager, Galileo, Ulysses, Cassini, and New Horizons) offers the advantage of a four-fold reduction in PuO2 fuel, thereby saving cost and reducing radiation exposure to support personnel. With the advancement of state-of-the-art Stirling technology development under the NASA Research Announcement (NRA) project, the Stirling Radioisotope Generator program has evolved to incorporate the advanced Stirling convertor (ASC), provided by Sunpower, into an engineering unit. Due to the reduced envelope and lighter mass of the ASC compared to the previous Stirling convertor, the specific power of the flight generator is projected to increase from 3.5 We/kg to 7 We/kg, along with a 25% reduction in generator length. Modifications are being made to the ASC design to incorporate features for thermal, mechanical, and electrical integration with the engineering unit. These include the heat collector for hot end interface, cold-side flange for waste heat removal and structural attachment, and piston position sensor for ASC control and power factor correction. A single-fault tolerant, active power factor correction controller is used to synchronize the Stirling convertors, condition the electrical power from AC to DC, and to control the ASCs to maintain operation within temperature and piston stroke limits. Development activities at Sunpower and NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) are also being conducted on the ASC to demonstrate the capability for long life, high reliability, and flight qualification needed for use in future missions. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - RADIONUCLIDE generators
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Controller
KW  - Convertor
KW  - Engine
KW  - Generator
KW  - Power
KW  - Radioisotope
KW  - Stirling
N1  - Accession Number: 23858002; Chan, Jack 1; Email Address: tak.chan@lmco.com Wood, J. Gary 2 Schreiber, Jeffrey G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, 230 Mall Boulevard, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406  2: Sunpower Inc., Athens, OH 45701 USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p615; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: RADIONUCLIDE generators; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Controller; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convertor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Generator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radioisotope; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437500
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23858002&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gabb, Timothy P.
AU  - Gayda, John
AU  - Garg, Anita
T1  - Creep Property Characterization of Potential Brayton Cycle Impeller and Duct Materials.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 640
EP  - 651
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Cast superalloys have potential applications in space as impellers within closed-loop Brayton cycle nuclear power generation systems. Likewise wrought superalloys are good candidates for ducts and heat exchangers transporting the inert working gas in a Brayton-based power plant. Two cast superalloys, Mar-M247LC and IN792, and a NASA GRC powder metallurgy superalloy, LSHR, have been screened to compare their respective capabilities for impeller applications. Mar-M247LC has been selected for additional long term evaluations. Initial tests in helium indicate this inert environment may debit long term creep resistance of this alloy. Several wrought superalloys including Hastelloy® X, Inconel® 617, Inconel® 740, Nimonic® 263, Incoloy® MA956, and Haynes 230 are also being screened to compare their capabilities for duct applications. Haynes 230 has been selected for additional long term evaluations. Initial tests in helium are just underway for this alloy. These proposed applications would require sufficient strength and creep resistance for long term service at temperatures up to 1200 K, with service times to 100,000 h or more. Therefore, long term microstructural stability is also being screened. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - HEAT exchangers
KW  - ELECTRIC power production
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - creep
KW  - Superalloy
N1  - Accession Number: 23857999; Gabb, Timothy P. 1; Email Address: tim.gabb@grc.nasa.gov Gayda, John 1 Garg, Anita 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of Toledo, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p640; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: HEAT exchangers; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power production; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437503
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857999&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bowman, Cheryl L.
AU  - Jaworske, Donald A.
AU  - Stanford, Malcolm K.
AU  - Persinger, Justin A.
AU  - Khorsandi, Behrooz
AU  - Blue, Thomas E.
T1  - Post Irradiation Evaluation of Thermal Control Coatings and Solid Lubricants to Support Fission Surface Power Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 652
EP  - 659
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The development of a nuclear power system for space missions, such as the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter or a lunar outpost, requires substantially more compact reactor design than conventional terrestrial systems. In order to minimize shielding requirements and hence system weight, the radiation tolerance of component materials within the power conversion and heat rejection systems must be defined. Two classes of coatings, thermal control paints and solid lubricants, were identified as material systems for which limited radiation hardness information was available. Screening studies were designed to explore candidate coatings under a predominately fast neutron spectrum. The Ohio State Research Reactor Facility staff performed irradiation in a well characterized, mixed energy spectrum and performed post irradiation analysis of representative coatings for thermal control and solid lubricant applications. Thermal control paints were evaluated for 1 MeV equivalent fluences from 1013 to 1015 n/cm2. No optical degradation was noted although some adhesive degradation was found at higher fluence levels. Solid lubricant coatings were evaluated for 1 MeV equivalent fluences from 1015 to 1016 n/cm2 with coating adhesion and flexibility used for post irradiation evaluation screening. The exposures studied did not lead to obvious property degradation indicating the coatings would have survived the radiation environment for the previously proposed Jupiter mission. The results are also applicable to space power development programs such as fission surface power for future lunar and Mars missions. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SOLID lubricants
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - heat rejection systems
KW  - thermal control surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 23857998; Bowman, Cheryl L. 1; Email Address: Cheryl.L.Bowman@nasa.gov Jaworske, Donald A. 1 Stanford, Malcolm K. 1 Persinger, Justin A. 2 Khorsandi, Behrooz 2 Blue, Thomas E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engr., Nuclear Engr. Program, The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p652; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SOLID lubricants; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat rejection systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal control surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 9 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437504
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857998&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Locci, Ivan E.
AU  - Nesbitt, James A.
AU  - Ritzert, Frank J.
AU  - Bowman, Cheryl L.
T1  - High Temperature Stability of Dissimilar Metal Joints in Fission Surface Power Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 660
EP  - 667
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Future generations of power systems for spacecraft and lunar surface systems will likely require a strong dependence on nuclear power. The design of a space nuclear power plant involves integrating together major subsystems with varying material requirements. Refractory alloys are repeatedly considered for major structural components in space power reactor designs because refractory alloys retain their strength at higher temperatures than other classes of metals. The relatively higher mass and lower ductility of the refractory alloys make them less attractive for lower temperature subsystems in the power plant such as the power conversion system. The power conversion system would consist more likely of intermediate temperature Ni-based superalloys. One of many unanswered questions about the use of refractory alloys in a space power plant is how to transition from the use of the structural refractory alloy to more traditional structural alloys. Because deleterious phases can form when complex alloys are joined and operated at elevated temperatures, dissimilar material diffusion analyses of refractory alloys and superalloys are needed to inform designers about options of joint temperature and operational lifetime. Combinations of four superalloys and six refractory alloys were bonded and annealed at 1150 K and 1300 K to examine diffusional interactions in this study. Joints formed through hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing were compared. Results on newer alloys compared favorably to historical data. Diffusional stability is promising for some combinations of Mo-Re alloys and superalloys at 1150 K, but it appears that lower joint temperatures would be required for other refractory alloy couples. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - LUNAR surface radio communication
KW  - HIGH pressure (Technology)
KW  - diffusion bond
KW  - interface
KW  - interlayers
KW  - joining
KW  - microstructure
KW  - refractory alloys
KW  - Superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 23857997; Locci, Ivan E. 1; Email Address: ivan.e.locci@nasa.gov Nesbitt, James A. 2 Ritzert, Frank J. 2 Bowman, Cheryl L. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Toledo at NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p660; Subject Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: LUNAR surface radio communication; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: diffusion bond; Author-Supplied Keyword: interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: interlayers; Author-Supplied Keyword: joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: refractory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437505
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857997&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Samuel A.
AU  - Bruckner, Robert J.
AU  - DellaCorte, Christopher
AU  - Radil, Kevin C.
T1  - Gas Foil Bearing Technology Advancements for Closed Brayton Cycle Turbines.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 668
EP  - 680
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC) turbine systems are under consideration for future space electric power generation. CBC turbines convert thermal energy from a nuclear reactor, or other heat source, to electrical power using a closed-loop cycle. The operating fluid in the closed-loop is commonly a high pressure inert gas mixture that cannot tolerate contamination. One source of potential contamination in a system such as this is the lubricant used in the turbomachine bearings. Gas Foil Bearings (GFB) represent a bearing technology that eliminates the possibility of contamination by using the working fluid as the lubricant. Thus, foil bearings are well suited to application in space power CBC turbine systems. NASA Glenn Research Center is actively researching GFB technology for use in these CBC power turbines. A power loss model has been developed, and the effects of very high ambient pressure, start-up torque, and misalignment, have been observed and are reported here. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power production
KW  - NUCLEAR engineering
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - HIGH pressure (Science)
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion (Rigid dynamics)
KW  - TURBOMACHINES
KW  - Brayton
KW  - foil gas bearings
KW  - Nuclear power
KW  - turbine
N1  - Accession Number: 23857996; Howard, Samuel A. 1; Email Address: howard@nasa.gov Bruckner, Robert J. 1 DellaCorte, Christopher 1 Radil, Kevin C. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: US Army Vehicle Propulsion Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p668; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power production; Subject Term: NUCLEAR engineering; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Science); Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion (Rigid dynamics); Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brayton; Author-Supplied Keyword: foil gas bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear power; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437506
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857996&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Birchenough, Arthur
AU  - Hervol, David
T1  - Operational Results from a High Power Alternator Test Bed.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 692
EP  - 699
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Alternator Test Unit (ATU) in the Lunar Power System Facility (LPSF) located at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, OH was used to simulate the operating conditions and evaluate the performance of the ATU and its interaction with various LPSF components in accordance with the current Fission Surface Power System (FSPS) requirements. The testing was carried out at the breadboard development level. These results successfully demonstrated excellent ATU power bus characteristics and rectified user load power quality during steady state and transient conditions. Information gained from this work could be used to assist the design and primary power quality considerations for a possible future FSPS. This paper describes the LPSF components and some preliminary test results. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOAD (Electric power)
KW  - INTERCONNECTED electric utility systems -- Automation
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - Conductors and resistors
KW  - Energy conversion
KW  - High-current and high-voltage technology
KW  - Inductors and coils
KW  - wiring
N1  - Accession Number: 23857994; Birchenough, Arthur 1 Hervol, David 2; Email Address: David.S.Hervol@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Electrical Systems Branch, Power and Electric Propulsion Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Mechanical Systems Branch, Glenn Engineering and Scientific Support Organization, Analex Corporation, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p692; Subject Term: LOAD (Electric power); Subject Term: INTERCONNECTED electric utility systems -- Automation; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conductors and resistors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-current and high-voltage technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inductors and coils; Author-Supplied Keyword: wiring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437508
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857994&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, Ruthan
AU  - Micheels, Kurt
AU  - Dankewicz, Cathy
T1  - The Making of a Lunar Outpost — Exploring a Future Case Study.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 703
EP  - 710
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Buildup and development of a lunar outpost / base will be an incremental and alternated process of crew, logistics, hardware, and science payload deliveries. To better plan the resources and technological objectives for each increment, one may examine the operational and technological requirements for a “midterm” phase and project backwards to derive and strategize requirements and resources for each stage of the development. This comprehensive characterization of the midterm phase will ultimately provide the waypoint by which later development phases can be more effectively planned. A unique and critical engineering and architectural view of a midterm waypoint and the roadmap to achieve the goals and capabilities at that milestone was generated. Data to derive the process and midterm outpost design was acquired during a recent comprehensive National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) research project. Current and soon to be state-of-the-art, viable, proven technologies to support an effective and resourceful outpost design including rigidizable, inflatable structures, hybridized in-situ and imported materials utilization, and environmentally-responsive structures considering thermal, radiation, topographical, low-gravity, crew and transport mobility, habitability, and logistics aspects were investigated and applied. Adjacency analyses were performed to optimize the arrangement of spaces. Additionally, an inventive, internal, organizational architectural system that maps and coordinates lunar and Earth contingency planning configurations and activities, and assists fabrication and layout processes and techniques was derived. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR probes
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - inflatable
KW  - lunar architecture
KW  - lunar base
KW  - lunar habitation
KW  - lunar outpost
KW  - space architecture
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23857993; Lewis, Ruthan 1; Email Address: ruthan.lewis@nasa.gov Micheels, Kurt 2 Dankewicz, Cathy 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  2: Nexterra, Inc., Pensacola, FL 32504 USA  3: Swales Aerospace, Inc., Beltsville, MD 20705 USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p703; Subject Term: LUNAR probes; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: inflatable; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar base; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar habitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar outpost; Author-Supplied Keyword: space architecture; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437509
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857993&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woytach, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Linne, Diane L.
AU  - Chambers, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Willis, Brian P.
AU  - Carek, Gerald A.
T1  - Where Space Comes Down to Earth: Test Facilities for Exploration Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 769
EP  - 776
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA Glenn Research Center’s (GRC’s) Plum Brook Station has a complement of unique, highly capable facilities that can test space flight hardware ranging from development testing at the component, subsystem and system levels up to environmental qualification of very large spacecraft and extraterrestrial surface systems. The facilities can simulate the conditions of free space or the surfaces of the Moon or Mars, including atmospheric pressure and content, temperature and day/night cycles. This paper presents information on the facilities at the Plum Brook Station as they apply to the development of space systems that support the Vision for Space Exploration, and cites specific examples of testing to illustrate those capabilities. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Cryogenic Components Laboratory
KW  - Cryogenic Propellant Tank Facility
KW  - Cryogenic Testing Complex
KW  - Exploration
KW  - Moon
KW  - Plum Brook
KW  - regolith
KW  - Space Power Facility
KW  - Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility
N1  - Accession Number: 23857986; Woytach, Jeffrey M. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.M.Woytach@nasa.gov Linne, Diane L. 2 Chambers, Jeffrey A. 1 Willis, Brian P. 1 Carek, Gerald A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Plum Brook Station, 6100 Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, OH 44870 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 5-10, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p769; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic Components Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic Propellant Tank Facility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic Testing Complex; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plum Brook; Author-Supplied Keyword: regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Power Facility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437516
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857986&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iacomini, Christine
AU  - MacCallum, Taber
AU  - Morin, Tom
AU  - Straub-Lopez, Kathrine
AU  - Paul, Heather
T1  - Martian Liquid CO2 and Metabolic Heat Regenerated Temperature Swing Adsorption for Portable Life Support Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 863
EP  - 870
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Two of the fundamental problems facing the development of a Portable Life Support System (PLSS) for use on Mars, are (i) heat rejection (because traditional technologies use sublimation of water, which wastes a scarce resource and contaminates the premises), and (ii) rejection of CO2 in an environment with a ppCO2 of 0.4–0.9 kPa. This paper presents a conceptual system for CO2 collection, compression, and cooling to produce sub-critical (liquid) CO2. A first order estimate of the system mass and energy to condense and store liquid CO2 outside at Mars ambient temperature at 600 kPa is discussed. No serious technical hurdles were identified and it is likely that better overall performance would be achieved if the system were part of an integrated ISRU strategy rather than a standalone system. Patent-pending Metabolic heat regenerated Temperature Swing Adsorption (MTSA) technology for CO2 removal from a PLSS vent loop, where the Martian liquid CO2 is used as the heat sink is developed to utilize the readily available liquid CO2. This paper will describe the technology and present data in support of its design. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER -- Analysis
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR space suits
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL research
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Carbon Dioxide
KW  - Carbon Dioxide Condensation
KW  - Carbon Dioxide Removal
KW  - Mars
KW  - Portable Life Support System
N1  - Accession Number: 23857975; Iacomini, Christine 1; Email Address: ciacomini@paragonsdc.com MacCallum, Taber 1 Morin, Tom 1 Straub-Lopez, Kathrine 1 Paul, Heather 2; Affiliation:  1: Paragon Space Development Corporation, Tucson, AZ 95714, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX77058, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p863; Subject Term: WATER -- Analysis; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR space suits; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL research; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon Dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon Dioxide Condensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon Dioxide Removal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Portable Life Support System; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437527
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857975&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hegde, U.
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Gokoglu, S.
T1  - Development of a Reactor Model for Chemical Conversion of Lunar Regolith.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/01/30/
VL  - 880
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 941
EP  - 950
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Lunar regolith will be used for a variety of purposes such as oxygen and propellant production and manufacture of various materials. The design and development of chemical conversion reactors for processing lunar regolith will require an understanding of the coupling among the chemical, mass and energy transport processes occurring at the length and time scales of the overall reactor with those occurring at the corresponding scales of the regolith particles. To this end, a coupled transport model is developed using, as an example, the reduction of ilmenite-containing regolith by a continuous flow of hydrogen in a flow-through reactor. The ilmenite conversion occurs on the surface and within the regolith particles. As the ilmenite reduction proceeds, the hydrogen in the reactor is consumed, and this, in turn, affects the conversion rate of the ilmenite in the particles. Several important quantities are identified as a result of the analysis. Reactor scale parameters include the void fraction (i.e., the fraction of the reactor volume not occupied by the regolith particles) and the residence time of hydrogen in the reactor. Particle scale quantities include the time for hydrogen to diffuse into the pores of the regolith particles and the chemical reaction time. The paper investigates the relationships between these quantities and their impact on the regolith conversion. Application of the model to various chemical reactor types, such as fluidized-bed, packed-bed, and rotary-bed configurations, are discussed. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TECHNICAL chemistry
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - ILMENITE
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - hydrogen reduction
KW  - ilmenite
KW  - lunar regolith
KW  - shrinking core
N1  - Accession Number: 23857965; Hegde, U. 1; Email Address: uday.hegde@grc.nasa.gov Balasubramaniam, R. 1 Gokoglu, S. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135  2: NASA John H Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 880 Issue 1, p941; Subject Term: TECHNICAL chemistry; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: ILMENITE; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: ilmenite; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: shrinking core; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437537
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23857965&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McNaughton, Cameron S.
AU  - Clarke, Antony D.
AU  - Howell, Steven G.
AU  - Pinkerton, Mitchell
AU  - Anderson, Bruce
AU  - Thornhill, Lee
AU  - Hudgins, Charlie
AU  - Winstead, Edward
AU  - Dibb, Jack E.
AU  - Scheuer, Eric
AU  - Maring, Hal
T1  - Results from the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE): Airborne Versus Surface Sampling of Mineral Dust and Sea Salt Aerosols.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 136
EP  - 159
SN  - 02786826
AB  - During May and June of 2003 NASA conducted the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE). The study was undertaken to quantify the performance of three passive, solid diffuser inlets used aboard the DC-8 aircraft to sample optically effective aerosol sizes. Aerosol optical properties measured behind the University of Hawai'i (UH) and the University of New Hampshire (UNH) inlets were within 10% of the ground based measurements whereas the NASA Langley (LaRC) inlet reduced scattering values for supermicrometer dust by approximately 50%. Based on the DICE results the aerodynamic 50% passing efficiency of the inlets and transport plumbing is determined to be above 5.0 and 4.1 μm for the UH and UNH inlets and 3.6 μm for the LaRC inlet. These aerodynamic sizes correspond to geometric particle diameters of 3.1, 2.5, and 2.0 μm ignoring shape factor and assuming particle densities of 2.6 g cm-3. Sea salt aerosols sampled at high relative humidity revealed that the UH and the UNH inlets performed nearly identically in the marine environment. Aerosol optical properties measured behind the UH inlet were within 30% of measurements made at the NOAA/ESRL Trinidad Head Observatory and in some cases were better than 10%. We conclude that quantitative measurements of optical properties and processes linked to aerosol surface chemistry can be effectively studied aboard the NASA DC-8 using the UH and UNH inlets because aerosol particles less than 4 μm in aerodynamic diameter typically dominate aerosol optical properties and surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24155078; McNaughton, Cameron S. 1 Clarke, Antony D. 1 Howell, Steven G. 1 Pinkerton, Mitchell 1 Anderson, Bruce 2 Thornhill, Lee 3 Hudgins, Charlie 3 Winstead, Edward 4 Dibb, Jack E. 5 Scheuer, Eric 5 Maring, Hal 6; Affiliation:  1: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i. Honolulu, Hawaii. USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center. Hampton, Virginia. USA  3: SAIC. Hampton, Virginia. USA  4: GATS, Inc. Hampton, Virginia. USA  5: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire. Durham, New Hampshire. USA  6: NASA Headquarters. Washington, DC. USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p136; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 7 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820601118406
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24155078&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuzmanoski, M.
AU  - Box, M. A.
AU  - Box, G. P.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Wang, J.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Jonsson, H. H.
AU  - Seinfeld, J. H.
T1  - Aerosol Properties Computed from Aircraft-Based Observations during the ACE-Asia Campaign: 1. Aerosol Size Distributions Retrieved from Optical Thickness Measurements.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 216
SN  - 02786826
AB  - In this article, aerosol size distributions retrieved from aerosol layer optical thickness spectra, derived from the 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14) measurements during the ACE-Asia campaign, are presented. Focusing on distinct aerosol layers (with different particle characteristics) observed in four vertical profiles, we compare the results of two different retrieval methods: constrained linear inversion and a non-linear least squares method. While the former does not use any assumption about the analytical form of the size distribution, the latter was used to retrieve parameters of a bimodal lognormal size distribution. Furthermore, comparison of the retrieved size distributions with those measured in-situ, aboard the same aircraft on which the sunphotometer was flown, was carried out. Results of the two retrieval methods showed good agreement in the radius ranges from ∼0.1 μm to ∼1.2–2.0 μm, close to the range of retrievable size distributions from the AATS-14 measurements. In this radius interval, shapes of retrieved and measured size distributions were similar, in accord with close wavelength dependencies of the corresponding optical thicknesses. Additionally, the effect of a size-resolved refractive index on the retrieved size spectra was investigated in selected cases. Retrieval using a constant refractive index pertaining to particle sizes within the range of retrievable size distributions resulted in a size distribution very close to the one retrieved using a size-resolved refractive index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - QUALITATIVE chemical analysis
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 24155074; Kuzmanoski, M. 1 Box, M. A. 2 Box, G. P. 2 Schmid, B. 3 Wang, J. 4 Russell, P. B. 5 Jonsson, H. H. 6 Seinfeld, J. H. 7; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics, University of New South Wales. Sydney. Australia,Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. Sonoma, California. USA  2: School of Physics, University of New South Wales. Sydney. Australia  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. Sonoma, California. USA,Now at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Richland, Washington. USA  4: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton, New York. USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center. Moffett Field, California. USA  6: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies. Marina, California. USA  7: Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology. Pasadena, California. USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p202; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: QUALITATIVE chemical analysis; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820601126789
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24155074&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - Chen, Y.-K.
T1  - Probabilistic Modeling of Aerothermal and Thermal Protection Material Response Uncertainties.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 399
EP  - 399
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A Monte-Carlo-based methodology is presented for physics-based probabilistic uncertainty analysis of aerothermodynamics and thermal protection system (TPS) material response modeling for aerocapture or direct entry missions. The objective of the methodology is to identify and quantify the most important sources of uncertainty in aeroheating and the resulting thermal protection material selection, design, and sizing based on inaccuracies in current knowledge of the parametric input modeling parameters. The resulting parametric modeling uncertainty would be combined with other uncertainty sources to determine the final aeroheating and TPS response modeling uncertainty for a given application, which can then be used to define appropriate margins and factors of safety that should be applied to the TPS. These techniques facilitate a risk-based probabilistic design approach, whereby the thermal protection system can be designed to a desired risk tolerance, and any remaining risk can be effectively compared to that of other subsystems via a system-level risk mitigation analysis. Modeling sensitivities, which are a byproduct of the uncertainty analysis, can be used to rank input uncertainty drivers. Key input uncertainties can then be prioritized and targeted for further analysis or testing. The strengths and limitations of this technique are discussed. Sample results are presented for two cases: Titan aerocapture and Mars Pathfinder. These cases demonstrate the utility of the methodology to quantify the uncertainty levels, rank sources of input uncertainty, and assist in the identification of structural uncertainties in the models employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 24006161; Wright, Michael J. 1 Bose, Deepak 1 Chen, Y.-K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p399; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segovia-Juarez, Jose L.
AU  - Colombano, Silvano
AU  - Kirschner, Denise
T1  - Identifying DNA splice sites using hypernetworks with artificial molecular evolution
JO  - Biosystems
JF  - Biosystems
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 87
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 124
SN  - 03032647
AB  - Abstract: Identifying DNA splice sites is a main task of gene hunting. We introduce the hyper-network architecture as a novel method for finding DNA splice sites. The hypernetwork architecture is a biologically inspired information processing system composed of networks of molecules forming cells, and a number of cells forming a tissue or organism. Its learning is based on molecular evolution. DNA examples taken from GenBank were translated into binary strings and fed into a hypernetwork for training. We performed experiments to explore the generalization performance of hypernetwork learning in this data set by two-fold cross validation. The hypernetwork generalization performance was comparable to well known classification algorithms. With the best hypernetwork obtained, including local information and heuristic rules, we built a system (HyperExon) to obtain splice site candidates. The HyperExon system outperformed leading splice recognition systems in the list of sequences tested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biosystems is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR evolution
KW  - BIOLOGICAL systems
KW  - DNA
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - Artificial evolution
KW  - DNA splice sites identification
KW  - Hypernetwork learning
KW  - Molecular networks
N1  - Accession Number: 23672984; Segovia-Juarez, Jose L. 1 Colombano, Silvano 2; Email Address: scolombano@mail.arc.nasa.gov Kirschner, Denise 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA  2: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 87 Issue 2/3, p117; Subject Term: MOLECULAR evolution; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL systems; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA splice sites identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypernetwork learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular networks; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.biosystems.2006.09.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Hargens, Alan R.
AU  - Lee, Stuart M.C.
AU  - Macias, Brandon R.
AU  - Watenpaugh, Donald E.
AU  - Tse, Kevin
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Lower body negative pressure treadmill exercise as a countermeasure for bed rest-induced bone loss in female identical twins
JO  - BONE
JF  - BONE
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 529
EP  - 537
SN  - 87563282
AB  - Abstract: Supine weight-bearing exercise within lower body negative pressure (LBNP) alleviates some of the skeletal deconditioning induced by simulated weightlessness in men. We examined this potential beneficial effect in women. Because dietary acid load affected the degree of bone resorption in men during bed rest, we also investigated this variable in women. Subjects were 7 pairs of female identical twins assigned at random to 2 groups, sedentary bed rest (control) or bed rest with supine treadmill exercise within LBNP. Dietary intake was controlled and monitored. Urinary calcium and markers of bone resorption were measured before bed rest and on bed rest days 5/6, 12/13, 19/20, and 26/27. Bone mineral content was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry before and after bed rest. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to define the relationships between diet and markers of bone metabolism and to estimate heritability of markers. During bed rest, all markers of bone resorption and urinary calcium and phosphorus increased (P <0.001); parathyroid hormone (P =0.06), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (P =0.06), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (P =0.09) tended to decrease. LBNP exercise tended to mitigate bone density loss. The ratio of dietary animal protein to potassium was positively correlated with urinary calcium excretion for all weeks of bed rest in the control group, but only during weeks 1 and 3 in the exercise group. Pre-bed rest data suggested that many markers of bone metabolism have strong genetic determinants. Treadmill exercise within LBNP had less of a protective effect on bone resorption during bed rest in women than previously published results had shown for its effect in men, but the same trends were observed for both sexes. Dietary acid load of these female subjects was significantly correlated with calcium excretion but not with other bone resorption markers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of BONE is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPINE position
KW  - ALKALINE phosphatase
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - PARATHYROID hormone
KW  - BONE density
KW  - BONE resorption
KW  - analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA )
KW  - analysis of variance ( ANOVA )
KW  - bed rest ( BR )
KW  - body weight ( BW )
KW  - Bone turnover markers
KW  - bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ( BSAP )
KW  - deoxypyridinoline ( DPD )
KW  - dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DEXA )
KW  - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA )
KW  - Exercise
KW  - General Clinical Research Center ( GCRC )
KW  - helical peptide ( HP )
KW  - International Space Station ( ISS )
KW  - lower body negative pressure ( LBNP )
KW  - n-telopeptide ( NTX )
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA )
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - parathyroid hormone ( PTH )
KW  - pyridinium ( PYD )
KW  - radioimmunoassay ( RIA )
KW  - University of California, San Diego ( UCSD )
KW  - Weightlessness
N1  - Accession Number: 23672295; Zwart, Sara R. 1 Hargens, Alan R. 2 Lee, Stuart M.C. 3 Macias, Brandon R. 2 Watenpaugh, Donald E. 4 Tse, Kevin 2 Smith, Scott M. 5; Email Address: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103, USA  3: Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: Department of Integrative Physiology, University of North Texas Health Sciences Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA  5: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p529; Subject Term: SUPINE position; Subject Term: ALKALINE phosphatase; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: PARATHYROID hormone; Subject Term: BONE density; Subject Term: BONE resorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: analysis of variance ( ANOVA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: bed rest ( BR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: body weight ( BW ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone turnover markers; Author-Supplied Keyword: bone-specific alkaline phosphatase ( BSAP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: deoxypyridinoline ( DPD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DEXA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exercise; Author-Supplied Keyword: General Clinical Research Center ( GCRC ); Author-Supplied Keyword: helical peptide ( HP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station ( ISS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: lower body negative pressure ( LBNP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: n-telopeptide ( NTX ); Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osteoporosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: parathyroid hormone ( PTH ); Author-Supplied Keyword: pyridinium ( PYD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: radioimmunoassay ( RIA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: University of California, San Diego ( UCSD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Weightlessness; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bone.2006.09.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, D. D.
AU  - Vogelmann, A. M.
AU  - Austin, R. T.
AU  - Barnard, J. C.
AU  - Cady-Pereira, K.
AU  - Chiu, J. C.
AU  - Clough, S. A.
AU  - Flynn, C.
AU  - Khaiyer, M. M.
AU  - Liljegren, J.
AU  - Johnson, K.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Long, C.
AU  - Marshak, A.
AU  - Matrosov, S. Y.
AU  - McFarlane, S. A.
AU  - Miller, M.
AU  - Min, Q.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - O'Hirok, W.
T1  - THIN LIQUID WATER CLOUDS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 88
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 190
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article discusses clouds that contain small amounts of liquid water and the retrieval of their micro-physical properties. Information on thin liquid water clouds that have low liquid water path (LWP) and the challenges in identifying their microphysics are discussed. A cloud property retrieval intercomparison exercise and the importance of these results for climate through radiative flux are presented. Also mentioned are the efforts of a focus group called Clouds with Low Optical Water Depth (CLOWD) of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) in cloud parameterization. The article concludes that the large discrepancies in the retrievals highlight the need for further research in understanding the thin liquid water cloud properties.  INSETS: CLOUD MICROPHYSICS AND REMOTE SENSING;CLOUD RADIATIVE SENSITIVITY.
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - CLOUD forecasting
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations
N1  - Accession Number: 24454608; Turner, D. D. 1; Email Address: dturner@ssec.wisc.edu Vogelmann, A. M. 2 Austin, R. T. 3 Barnard, J. C. 4 Cady-Pereira, K. 5 Chiu, J. C. 6 Clough, S. A. 5 Flynn, C. 4 Khaiyer, M. M. 7 Liljegren, J. 8 Johnson, K. 2 Lin, B. 9 Long, C. 4 Marshak, A. 10 Matrosov, S. Y. 11 McFarlane, S. A. 4 Miller, M. 2 Min, Q. 12 Minnis, P. 10 O'Hirok, W. 13; Affiliation:  1: University of Wisconsin&#x2014Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  2: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York  3: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado  4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  5: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts  6: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  7: AS&M, Hampton, Virginia  8: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois  9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  11: CIRES, University of Colorado, and NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  12: State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York  13: University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 88 Issue 2, p177; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: CLOUD forecasting; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-177
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Comstock, Jennifer M.
AU  - d'Entremont, Robert
AU  - DeSlover, Daniel
AU  - Mace, Gerald G.
AU  - Matrosov, Sergey Y.
AU  - McFarlane, Sally A.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Mitchell, David
AU  - Sassen, Kenneth
AU  - Shupe, Matthew D.
AU  - Turner, David D.
AU  - Wang, Zhien
T1  - AN INTERCOMPARISON OF MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVAL ALGORYTHMS FOR UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC ICE CLOUDS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 88
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 204
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article presents a comparison between microphysical retrieval algorithms for the upper-tropospheric ice clouds. Brief details of the cirrus clouds and ice clouds are presented. The basic principles underlying each class of algorithm including spectral infrared and lidar-radar algorithms are discussed. A case study discussing the ability of the state-of-the-art retrievals in retrieving cloud properties is presented. The article discusses the various challenges and potential improvements for the retrieval algorithms.
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 24454609; Comstock, Jennifer M. 1; Email Address: jennifer.comstock@pnl.gov d'Entremont, Robert 2 DeSlover, Daniel 3 Mace, Gerald G. 4 Matrosov, Sergey Y. 5 McFarlane, Sally A. 1 Minnis, Patrick 6 Mitchell, David 7 Sassen, Kenneth 8 Shupe, Matthew D. 5 Turner, David D. 3 Wang, Zhien 9; Affiliation:  1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  2: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, Massachusetts  3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  4: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah  5: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  7: Desert Research Institute, Reno, Nevada  8: University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska  9: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 88 Issue 2, p191; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-88-2-191
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Predoi-Cross, Adriana
AU  - Brawley-Tremblay, Shannon
AU  - Povey, Chad
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - Experimental air-broadened line parameters in the ν2 band of CH3D.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Physics
JF  - Canadian Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 85
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 218
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084204
AB  - In this study, we report the first experimental measurements of air-broadening and air-induced pressure-shift coefficients for approximately 378 transitions in the ν2 fundamental band of CH3D. These results were obtained from analysis of 17 room-temperature laboratory absorption spectra recorded at 0.0056 cm–1 resolution using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located on Kitt Peak, Ariz. Three absorption cells with path lengths of 10.2, 25, and 150 cm were used to record the spectra. The total sample pressures ranged from 0.129 × 10–2 to 52.855 × 10–2 atm with CH3D volume mixing ratios of approximately 0.0109 in air. The spectra were analyzed using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique. We report measurements for air pressure-broadening coefficients for transitions with quantum numbers as high as J′′ = 20 and K = 15, where K′′ = K′ ≡ K (for a parallel band). The measured air-broadening coefficients range from 0.0205 to 0.0835 cm–1atm–1 at 296 K. All the measured pressure-shift coefficients are negative and are found to vary from about –0.0005 to –0.0080 cm–1 atm–1 at the temperature of the spectra. We have examined the dependence of the measured broadening and shift parameters on the J′′, and K quantum numbers and also developed empirical expressions to describe the broadening coefficients in terms of m (m = –J′′, J′′, and J′′ + 1 in the QP-, QQ-, and QR-branch, respectively) and K. On average, the empirical expressions reproduce the measured broadening coefficients to within 4.4%.PACS Nos.: 33.20.Ea, 39.30+w (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Dans cette étude nous présentons les premières mesures expérimentales des coefficients d'étalement et d'élargissement dû à la pression d'air pour approximativement 378 transitions dans la bande fondamentale ν2 de CH3D. Ces résultats sont obtenus de l'analyse de 17 spectres d'absorption pris à la température du laboratoire avec une résolution de 0,0056 cm–1 en utilisant un spectromètre McMath–Pierce à transformée de Fourier situé à Kitt Peak en Arizona. Nous avons utilisé trois cellules d'absorption avec des longueurs de parcours de 10,2, 25 et 150 cm, afin d'enregistrer les spectres. La pression totale des échantillons allait de 0,129 x 10–2 à 52,855 × 10–2 atm, avec un rapport de mélange en volume de CH3D dans l'air de 0,0109 approximativement. Les spectres ont été analysés à l'aide d'une méthode d'ajustement par moindres carrés non linéaire et multispectrale. Nous présentons des mesures de coefficients d'étalement par pression pour des transitions avec nombres quantiques aussi hauts que J′′ = 20 et K = 15, où K = K′ = K′′ (pour bande parallèle). Ces mesures donnent toutes des coefficients négatifs qui varient approximativement de –0,005 à –0,0835 cm–1 atm–1 à la température des spectres. Nous avons examiné la dépendance des paramètres d'étalement et d'élargissement sur les nombres quantiques J′′ et K et avons développé des expressions empiriques pour décrire les coefficients d'étalement en fonction de m (m = –J′, J′′ et J′′ + 1 dans les branches QP, QQ et QR respectivement) et K. En moyenne, les expressions empiriques reproduisent les coefficients mesurés avec une précision de 4,4%.[Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pressure
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - EXCITON theory
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 24961968; Predoi-Cross, Adriana 1; Email Address: Adriana.predoicross@uleth.ca Brawley-Tremblay, Shannon 1 Povey, Chad 1 Smith, Mary Ann H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA.; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 85 Issue 2, p199; Subject Term: AIR pressure; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ngo, Quoc
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Radmilovic, Velimir
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Krishnan, S.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Yang, Cary. Y.
T1  - Palladium catalyzed formation of carbon nanofibers by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 424
EP  - 428
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: A dc plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process is used to obtain vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from palladium catalysts using an ammonia–acetylene process gas mixture. Transmission electron microscopy is used to elucidate the microstructure of the as-grown fibers revealing different growth anomalies such as a new secondary growth phenomenon which we term hybrid tip growth. Also included in our analysis are conventional tip growth derived structures. In a few instances, the conventional tip growth derived structures possess elongated catalyst particles that impart small cone angles to the carbon nanofiber microstructure. Detailed microchemical analysis reveals that hybrid tip grown CNFs using thick Pd films are partially filled with Pd. Analysis of these growth phenomenon and implications for potential use as on-chip interconnects are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - PALLADIUM catalysts
KW  - CHEMICAL inhibitors
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 23352528; Ngo, Quoc 1,2 Cassell, Alan M. 1; Email Address: acassell@mail.arc.nasa.gov Radmilovic, Velimir 3 Li, Jun 1 Krishnan, S. 2 Meyyappan, M. 1 Yang, Cary. Y. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center For Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Center For Nanostructures, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA  3: National Center for Electron Microscopy, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p424; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: PALLADIUM catalysts; Subject Term: CHEMICAL inhibitors; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.08.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Hiatt, Seth
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Gross, Peggy
T1  - Satellite-derived estimates of potential carbon sequestration through afforestation of agricultural lands in the United States.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 80
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 336
SN  - 01650009
AB  - Afforestation of marginal agricultural lands represents a promising option for carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems. An ecosystem carbon model was used to generate new national maps of annual net primary production (NPP), one each for continuous land covers of 'forest', 'crop', and 'rangeland' over the entire U. S. continental area. Direct inputs of satellite "greenness" data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor into the NASA-CASA carbon model at 8-km spatial resolution were used to estimate spatial variability in monthly NPP and potential biomass accumulation rates in a uniquely detailed manner. The model predictions of regrowth forest production lead to a conservative national projection of 0.3 Pg C as potential carbon stored each year on relatively low-production crop or rangeland areas. On a regional level, the top five states for total crop afforestation potential were: Texas, Minnesota, Iowa, Illinois, and Missouri, whereas the top five states for total rangeland afforestation potential are: Texas, California, Montana, New Mexico, and Colorado. Afforestation at this level of intensity has the capacity to offset at least one-fifth of annual fossil fuel emission of carbon in the United States. These projected afforestation carbon gains also match or exceed recent estimates of the annual sink for atmospheric CO2 in currently forested area of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AFFORESTATION
KW  - CARBON sequestration
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - AGRICULTURE
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - SINKS (Atmospheric chemistry)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 24906710; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Klooster, Steven 2 Hiatt, Seth 3 Fladeland, Matthew 1 Genovese, Vanessa 2 Gross, Peggy; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA  3: San Jose State University and Education Associates, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 80 Issue 3/4, p323; Subject Term: AFFORESTATION; Subject Term: CARBON sequestration; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: SINKS (Atmospheric chemistry); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nakano, Aiichiro
AU  - Kalia, Rajiv K.
AU  - Nomura, Ken-ichi
AU  - Sharma, Ashish
AU  - Vashishta, Priya
AU  - Shimojo, Fuyuki
AU  - van Duin, Adri C.T.
AU  - Goddard, William A.
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
T1  - A divide-and-conquer/cellular-decomposition framework for million-to-billion atom simulations of chemical reactions
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 642
EP  - 652
SN  - 09270256
AB  - Abstract: To enable large-scale atomistic simulations of material processes involving chemical reactions, we have designed linear-scaling molecular dynamics (MD) algorithms based on an embedded divide-and-conquer (EDC) framework: first principles-based fast reactive force-field (F-ReaxFF) MD; and quantum-mechanical MD in the framework of the density functional theory (DFT) on adaptive multigrids. To map these O(N) algorithms onto parallel computers with deep memory hierarchies, we have developed a tunable hierarchical cellular-decomposition (THCD) framework, which achieves performance tunability through a hierarchy of parameterized cell data/computation structures and adaptive load balancing through wavelet-based computational-space decomposition. Benchmark tests on 1920 Itanium2 processors of the NASA Columbia supercomputer have achieved unprecedented scales of quantum-mechanically accurate and well validated, chemically reactive atomistic simulations—0.56 billion-atom F-ReaxFF MD and 1.4 million-atom (0.12 trillion grid points) EDC–DFT MD—in addition to 18.9 billion-atom non reactive space–time multiresolution MD. The EDC and THCD frameworks expose maximal data localities, and consequently the isogranular parallel efficiency on 1920 processors is as high as 0.953. Chemically reactive MD simulations have been applied to shock-initiated detonation of energetic materials and stress-induced bond breaking in ceramics in corrosive environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - 02.70.−c
KW  - 02.70.Ns
KW  - Density functional theory
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Parallel computing
KW  - Quantum mechanics
KW  - Reactive force field
N1  - Accession Number: 23740512; Nakano, Aiichiro 1; Email Address: anakano@usc.edu Kalia, Rajiv K. 1 Nomura, Ken-ichi 1 Sharma, Ashish 1 Vashishta, Priya 1 Shimojo, Fuyuki 1,2 van Duin, Adri C.T. 3 Goddard, William A. 3 Biswas, Rupak 4 Srivastava, Deepak 4; Affiliation:  1: Collaboratory for Advanced Computing and Simulations, Department of Computer Science, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0242, USA  2: Department of Physics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan  3: Materials and Process Simulation Center, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p642; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Author-Supplied Keyword: 02.70.−c; Author-Supplied Keyword: 02.70.Ns; Author-Supplied Keyword: Density functional theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive force field; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2006.04.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Rhodes, Kevin L.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Hypolithic community shifts occur as a result of liquid water availability along environmental gradients in China's hot and cold hyperarid deserts.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 424
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Hypolithic cyanobacterial communities occur in hot and cold hyperarid environments but the physical factors determining their diversity are not well understood. Here we report hypolithic diversity and colonization of a common quartz substrate at several hyperarid locations in the ancient deserts of north-western China, that experience varying mean annual temperature, rainfall and concomitant availability of liquid water in soil. Microscopy and enrichment culture resulted only in Chroococcidiopsis morphotypes which were ubiquitous, but community phylogenetic analysis revealed considerable cyanobacterial and heterotrophic bacterial diversity. Species Richness and Shannon's Diversity Index displayed a significant positive linear correlation with availability of liquid water but not temperature or rainfall alone. Several taxonomic groups occurred only in specific climatically defined locations, while for Chroococcidiopsis, Deinococcus and Phormidium location specific lineages within these genera were also evident. Multivariate analysis was used to illustrate pronounced community shifts due to liquid water availability, although these did not significantly affect the predicted functional relationships within any given assemblage in either hot or cold, wet or dry hyperarid deserts. This study clearly demonstrates that availability of liquid water, rather than temperature or rainfall per se is the key determinant of hypolithic diversity in hyperarid locations, and furthermore that functionally similar yet taxonomically distinct communities occur, characterized by the presence of taxa that are specific to defined levels of aridity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - CLADISTIC analysis
KW  - BACTERIAL diversity
KW  - ARID regions ecology
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - WATER
KW  - CHINA
N1  - Accession Number: 23626525; Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Email Address: pointing@hku.hk Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 2 Lacap, Donnabella C. 1 Rhodes, Kevin L. 3 McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, University of Hawaii at Hilo, HI 97620, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p414; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: CLADISTIC analysis; Subject Term: BACTERIAL diversity; Subject Term: ARID regions ecology; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: CHINA; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01153.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steven, Blaire
AU  - Briggs, Geoffrey
AU  - McKay, Chris P.
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
AU  - Greer, Charles W.
AU  - Whyte, Lyle G.
T1  - Characterization of the microbial diversity in a permafrost sample from the Canadian high Arctic using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 513
EP  - 523
SN  - 01686496
AB  - A combination of culture-dependent and culture-independent methodologies ( Bacteria and Archaea 16S rRNA gene clone library analyses) was used to determine the microbial diversity present within a geographically distinct high Arctic permafrost sample. Culturable Bacteria isolates, identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, belonged to the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria with spore-forming Firmicutes being the most abundant; the majority of the isolates (19/23) were psychrotolerant, some (11/23) were halotolerant, and three isolates grew at −5°C. A Bacteria 16S rRNA gene library containing 101 clones was composed of 42 phylotypes related to diverse phylogenetic groups including the Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Cytophaga – Flavobacteria – Bacteroides, Planctomyces and Gemmatimonadetes; the bacterial 16S rRNA gene phylotypes were dominated by Actinobacteria- and Proteobacteria-related sequences. An Archaea 16S rRNA gene clone library containing 56 clones was made up of 11 phylotypes and contained sequences related to both of the major Archaea domains ( Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota); the majority of sequences in the Archaea library were related to halophilic Archaea. Characterization of the microbial diversity existing within permafrost environments is important as it will lead to a better understanding of how microorganisms function and survive in such extreme cryoenvironments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERMAFROST
KW  - MICROBIAL diversity
KW  - MOLECULAR cloning
KW  - CYTOPHAGA
KW  - ARCHAEBACTERIA
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - ARCTIC regions
KW  - CANADA
KW  - culture-dependent
KW  - culture-independent
KW  - microbial diversity
KW  - Permafrost
N1  - Accession Number: 23697551; Steven, Blaire 1 Briggs, Geoffrey 2 McKay, Chris P. 2 Pollard, Wayne H. 3 Greer, Charles W. 4 Whyte, Lyle G. 1; Email Address: lyle.white@mcgill.ca; Affiliation:  1: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  3: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Canada  4: National Research Council of Canada, Biotechnology Research Institute, Montreal, Canada; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p513; Subject Term: PERMAFROST; Subject Term: MICROBIAL diversity; Subject Term: MOLECULAR cloning; Subject Term: CYTOPHAGA; Subject Term: ARCHAEBACTERIA; Subject Term: PHYLOGENY; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions; Subject Term: CANADA; Author-Supplied Keyword: culture-dependent; Author-Supplied Keyword: culture-independent; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial diversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permafrost; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2006.00247.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - Mahan, Shannon A.
AU  - Singhvi, Ashok K.
AU  - Navarro-Aceves, Rafael
AU  - Rajot, Jean-Louis
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Coll, Patrice
AU  - Raulin, François
T1  - Paleoecology reconstruction from trapped gases in a fulgurite from the late Pleistocene of the Libyan Desert.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 174
SN  - 00917613
AB  - When lightning strikes the ground, it heats, melts, and fuses the sand in soils to form glass tubes known as fulgurites. We report here the composition of CO2, CO, and NO contained within the glassy bubbles of a fulgurite from the Libyan Desert. The results show that the fulgurite formed when the ground contained 0.1 wt% organic carbon with a C/N ratio of 10-15 and a δ13C of -13.96‰, compositions similar to those found in the present-day semiarid region of the Sahel, where the vegetation is dominated by C4 plants. Thermoluminescence dating indicates that this fulgurite formed ~15 k.y. ago. These results imply that the semiarid Sahel (at 17°N) reached at least to 24°N at this time, and demonstrate that fulgurite gases and luminescence geochronology can be used in quantitative paleoecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PALEOECOLOGY
KW  - GASES
KW  - FULGURITES
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Pleistocene
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - THERMOLUMINESCENCE dating
KW  - LIBYAN Desert
KW  - fulgurite
KW  - Libyan Desert
KW  - lightning
KW  - paleoenvironment
KW  - Pleistocene
KW  - Sahel
KW  - thermoluminescence
N1  - Accession Number: 24015242; Navarro-González, Rafael 1 Mahan, Shannon A. 2 Singhvi, Ashok K. 3 Navarro-Aceves, Rafael 4 Rajot, Jean-Louis 5 McKay, Christopher P. 6 Coll, Patrice 7 Raulin, François 7; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico OF. 04510, Mexico, and Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systëmes Atmosphériques, UMR CNRS 7583, Universités Paris 12 and Paris 7, CMC, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, F94010 Créteil Cedex, France  2: U.S: Geological Survey, MS 974, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA  3: Planetary and Geoscience Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, India  4: Laboratorio de QuImica de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad lJniversitaria, Apartado Postal 70-543, Mexico OF. 04510, Mexico  5: Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, UR 049, BP 11416 Niamey, Niger  6: Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  7: Laboratoire Inter-Universitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques, UMR CNRS 7583, Universités Paris 12 and Paris 7, CMC, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle F 94010 Créteil Cedex, France; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p171; Subject Term: PALEOECOLOGY; Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: FULGURITES; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Pleistocene; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: THERMOLUMINESCENCE dating; Subject Term: LIBYAN Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: fulgurite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Libyan Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: lightning; Author-Supplied Keyword: paleoenvironment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pleistocene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sahel; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermoluminescence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G23245A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lopes, R.M.C.
AU  - Mitchell, K.L.
AU  - Stofan, E.R.
AU  - Lunine, J.I.
AU  - Lorenz, R.
AU  - Paganelli, F.
AU  - Kirk, R.L.
AU  - Wood, C.A.
AU  - Wall, S.D.
AU  - Robshaw, L.E.
AU  - Fortes, A.D.
AU  - Neish, C.D.
AU  - Radebaugh, J.
AU  - Reffet, E.
AU  - Ostro, S.J.
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Allison, M.D.
AU  - Anderson, Y.
AU  - Boehmer, R.
AU  - Boubin, G.
T1  - Cryovolcanic features on Titan's surface as revealed by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 186
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 412
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper obtained Synthetic Aperture Radar images of Titan''s surface during four fly-bys during the mission''s first year. These images show that Titan''s surface is very complex geologically, showing evidence of major planetary geologic processes, including cryovolcanism. This paper discusses the variety of cryovolcanic features identified from SAR images, their possible origin, and their geologic context. The features which we identify as cryovolcanic in origin include a large (180 km diameter) volcanic construct (dome or shield), several extensive flows, and three calderas which appear to be the source of flows. The composition of the cryomagma on Titan is still unknown, but constraints on rheological properties can be estimated using flow thickness. Rheological properties of one flow were estimated and appear inconsistent with ammonia–water slurries, and possibly more consistent with ammonia–water–methanol slurries. The extent of cryovolcanism on Titan is still not known, as only a small fraction of the surface has been imaged at sufficient resolution. Energetic considerations suggest that cryovolcanism may have been a dominant process in the resurfacing of Titan. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SYNTHETIC aperture radar
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - VOLCANISM
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL volcanism
KW  - Satellites of Saturn
KW  - Titan
KW  - Volcanism
N1  - Accession Number: 23743291; Lopes, R.M.C. 1; Email Address: rosaly.m.lopes@jpl.nasa.gov Mitchell, K.L. 1 Stofan, E.R. 2 Lunine, J.I. 3,4 Lorenz, R. 3 Paganelli, F. 1 Kirk, R.L. 5 Wood, C.A. 6 Wall, S.D. 1 Robshaw, L.E. 7 Fortes, A.D. 8 Neish, C.D. 3 Radebaugh, J. 3 Reffet, E. 3 Ostro, S.J. 1 Elachi, C. 1 Allison, M.D. 9 Anderson, Y. 1 Boehmer, R. 1 Boubin, G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Proxemy Research, Bowie, MD 20715, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: INAF-IFSI, 00133 Rome, Italy  5: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV 26003, USA  7: Environmental Sciences Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK  8: Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK  9: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York, NY 10025, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 186 Issue 2, p395; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SYNTHETIC aperture radar; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: VOLCANISM; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL volcanism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanism; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brenner, Anita C.
AU  - Dimarzio, John P.
AU  - Zwally, H. Jay
T1  - Precision and Accuracy of Satellite Radar and Laser Altimeter Data Over the Continental Ice Sheets.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 331
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The unprecedented accuracy of elevations retrieved from the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimeter is investigated and used to characterize the range errors in the Environmental Satellite (Envisat) and European Remote Sensing 2 Satellite (ERS-2) radar altimeters over the continental ice sheets. Cross-mission crossover analysis between time-coincident ERS-2-, Envisat-, and ICESat-retrieved elevations and comparisons to an ICESat-derived digital elevation map are used to quantify the radar elevation error budget as a function of surface slope and to investigate the effectiveness of a method to account for the radar altimeter slope-induced error. The precision and accuracy of the elevations retrieved from the ICESat Geoscience Laser Altimeter System and the European Space Agency radar altimeters on ERS-2 and Envisat are calculated over the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets using a crossover analysis. As a result of this work, the laser precision is found to vary as a function of surface slope from 14 to 59 cm, and the radar precision varies from 59 cm to 3.7 m for ERS-2 and from 28 cm to 2.06 m for Envisat. Envisat elevation retrievals when compared with ICESat results over regions with less than 0.1° surface slopes show a mean difference of 9 ± 5 cm for Greenland and -40 ± 98 cm over Antarctica. ERS-2 elevation retrievals over these same low surface slope regions differ from ICESat results by -56 ± 72 cm over Greenland and 1.12 ± 1.16 m over Antarctica. At higher surface slopes of 0.7° to 0.8°, the Envisat/ICESat differences increase to -2.27 ± 23 m over Greenland and to 0.05 ± 26 m over Antarctica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALTITUDES -- Measurement
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - TOPOGRAPHICAL surveying
KW  - SYNTHETIC aperture radar
KW  - LASER guide star adaptive optics
KW  - IMAGING systems in geophysics
KW  - ELECTRONIC pulse techniques
KW  - Altimetry
KW  - ice
KW  - laser measurements
KW  - radar altimetry
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 23912879; Brenner, Anita C. 1; Email Address: Anita_Brenner@ssaihq.com Dimarzio, John P. 2; Email Address: john.p.dimarzio@gsfc.nasa.gov Zwally, H. Jay 3; Email Address: H.J.Zwally@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA  2: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p321; Subject Term: ALTITUDES -- Measurement; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: TOPOGRAPHICAL surveying; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC aperture radar; Subject Term: LASER guide star adaptive optics; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in geophysics; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC pulse techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: laser measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: radar altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541370 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.887172
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23912879&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobigeon, Nicolas
AU  - Tourneret, Jean-Yves
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - Joint Segmentation of Multivariate Astronomical Time Series: Bayesian Sampling With a Hierarchical Model.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 55
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 423
SN  - 1053587X
AB  - Astronomy and other sciences often face the problem of detecting and characterizing structure in two or more related time series. This paper approaches such problems using Bayesian priors to represent relationships between signals with various degrees of certainty, and not just rigid constraints. The segmentation is conducted by using a hierarchical Bayesian approach to a piecewise constant Poisson rate model. A Gibbs sampling strategy allows joint estimation of the unknown parameters and hyperparameters. Results obtained with synthetic and real photon counting data illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIVARIATE analysis
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Gibbs sampling
KW  - hierarchical Bayesian analysis
KW  - Markov chain Monte Carlo
KW  - photon counting data
KW  - segmentation
N1  - Accession Number: 23964905; Dobigeon, Nicolas 1; Email Address: Nicolas.Dobigeon@enseeiht.fr Tourneret, Jean-Yves 1; Email Address: Jean-Yves.Toumeret@tesa.prd.fr Scargle, Jeffrey D. 2; Email Address: Jeffrey.D.Scargle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: IRITIENSEEIHT/TéSA, 31071 Toulouse Cedex 7, France  2: Space Science Division, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 55 Issue 2, p414; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gibbs sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: hierarchical Bayesian analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Markov chain Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: photon counting data; Author-Supplied Keyword: segmentation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSP.2006.885768
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ierotheou, C. S.
AU  - Jin, H.
AU  - Matthews, G.
AU  - Johnson, S. P.
AU  - Hood, R.
AU  - Leggett, P. F.
T1  - Using an interactive software environment for the parallelization of real-world scientific applications.
JO  - International Journal of Computer Mathematics
JF  - International Journal of Computer Mathematics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 84
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
EP  - 175
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00207160
AB  - The parallelization of real-world compute intensive Fortran application codes is generally not a trivial task. If the time to complete the parallelization is to be significantly reduced then an environment is needed that will assist the programmer in the various tasks of code parallelization. In this paper the authors present a code parallelization environment where a number of tools that address the main tasks such as code parallelization, debugging and optimization are available. The ParaWise and CAPO parallelization tools are discussed which enable the near automatic parallelization of real-world scientific application codes for shared and distributed memory-based parallel systems. As user involvement in the parallelization process can introduce errors, a relative debugging tool (P2d2) is also available and can be used to perform nearly automatic relative debugging of a program that has been parallelized using the tools. A high quality interprocedural dependence analysis as well as user-tool interaction are also highlighted and are vital to the generation of efficient parallel code and in the optimization of the backtracking and speculation process used in relative debugging. Results of benchmark and real-world application codes parallelized are presented and show the benefits of using the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computer Mathematics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - DEBUGGING in computer science
KW  - COMMUNICATION infrastructure
KW  - CODING theory
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - CODE generators
KW  - DATA compression (Computer science)
KW  - Compiler directives
KW  - Iterative parallelization
KW  - Message passing
KW  - OpenMP
KW  - Software tools and environment
N1  - Accession Number: 25148203; Ierotheou, C. S. 1; Email Address: c.ierotheou@gre.ac.uk Jin, H. 2 Matthews, G. 2 Johnson, S. P. 1 Hood, R. 2 Leggett, P. F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Parallel Processing Research Group, University of Greenwich, London,UK  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 84 Issue 2, p167; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: DEBUGGING in computer science; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION infrastructure; Subject Term: CODING theory; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: CODE generators; Subject Term: DATA compression (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: Compiler directives; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iterative parallelization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Message passing; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software tools and environment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207160601169942
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Berger, Marsha
T1  - HIGH RESOLUTION AEROSPACE APPLICATIONS USING THE NASA COLUMBIA SUPERCOMPUTER.
JO  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
JF  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Y1  - 2007///Spring2007
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 126
SN  - 10943420
AB  - The article presents a study analyzing the parallel performance of two aerodynamic simulation packages used for aerospace design. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques have been used in the aerospace vehicle design process in a limited range of flight conditions. In order to deliver more optimal designs and accelerate the design process using CFD techniques, variable fidelity models were run on the NASA Columbia supercomputer. These multi-grid packages employ both a high-fidelity model to analyze the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Strokes equations (NSU3D) and a lower-fidelity model based on inviscid flow analysis for cut-cell Cartesian meshes (CART3D). Results of the study showed that the combination of these packages enabled high-fidelity analysis of the design performance for the entire flight envelope.
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - computational fluid dynamics
KW  - hybrid programming
KW  - NASA Columbia
KW  - OpenMP
KW  - scalability
KW  - SGI Altix
KW  - unstructured
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24136164; Mavriplis, Dimitri J. 1 Aftosmis, Michael J. 2 Berger, Marsha 3; Email Address: BERGER@CIMS.NYU.EDU; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY 82071, USA  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Computer Science, Courant Institute, NYU, 251 Mercer St. NY, NY 10012, USA; Source Info: Spring2007, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p106; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: INVISCID flow; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Author-Supplied Keyword: computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Columbia; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP; Author-Supplied Keyword: scalability; Author-Supplied Keyword: SGI Altix; Author-Supplied Keyword: unstructured; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1094342006074872
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valavala, P.K.
AU  - Clancy, T.C.
AU  - Odegard, G.M.
AU  - Gates, T.S.
T1  - Nonlinear multiscale modeling of polymer materials
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1161
EP  - 1179
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: In this study, a hyperelastic multiscale modeling technique is used to predict elastic properties of polycarbonate and polyimide polymer systems using a set of widely accepted atomistic force fields. The model incorporates molecular simulations and a nonlinear, continuum mechanics-based, constitutive formulation that incorporates the behavior of the polymer materials as predicted from molecular simulations. The predicted properties of the polymers using multiple force fields are compared to experimentally measured values. Both static and dynamic molecular simulations are performed using molecular mechanics energy minimizations and molecular dynamics simulation techniques, respectively. The results of this study indicate that static molecular simulation is a useful tool to predict the bulk-level nonlinear mechanical behavior of polymers for finite deformations. It is found that the AMBER force field yields the most accurate predicted mechanical and physical properties of the modeled polymer systems compared to the other force fields used in this study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - Computational chemistry
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Multiscale modeling
KW  - Nanotechnology
KW  - Polymers
N1  - Accession Number: 23214243; Valavala, P.K. 1 Clancy, T.C. 2 Odegard, G.M. 1; Email Address: gmodegar@mtu.edu Gates, T.S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, United States  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  3: Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, MS 188E, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 44 Issue 3/4, p1161; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.06.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Su, Wenying
AU  - Loukachine, Konstantin
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Priestley, Kory J.
AU  - Matthews, Grant
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Davies, R.
T1  - Multi-Instrument Comparison of Top-of-Atmosphere Reflected Solar Radiation.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 575
EP  - 591
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Observations from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Sea-Viewing Wide-Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) between 2000 and 2005 are analyzed in order to determine if these data are meeting climate accuracy goals recently established by the climate community. The focus is primarily on top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflected solar radiances and radiative fluxes. Direct comparisons of nadir radiances from CERES, MODIS, and MISR aboard the Terra satellite reveal that the measurements from these instruments exhibit a year-to-year relative stability of better than 1%, with no systematic change with time. By comparison, the climate requirement for the stability of visible radiometer measurements is 1% decade-1. When tropical ocean monthly anomalies in shortwave (SW) TOA radiative fluxes from CERES on Terra are compared with anomalies in Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) from SeaWiFS—an instrument whose radiance stability is better than 0.07% during its first six years in orbit—the two are strongly anticorrelated. After scaling the SeaWiFS anomalies by a constant factor given by the slope of the regression line fit between CERES and SeaWiFS anomalies, the standard deviation in the difference between monthly anomalies from the two records is only 0.2 W m-2, and the difference in their trend lines is only 0.02 ± 0.3 W m-2 decade-1, approximately within the 0.3 W m-2 decade-1 stability requirement for climate accuracy. For both the Tropics and globe, CERES Terra SW TOA fluxes show no trend between March 2000 and June 2005. Significant differences are found between SW TOA flux trends from CERES Terra and CERES Aqua between August 2002 and March 2005. This discrepancy is due to uncertainties in the adjustment factors used to account for degradation of the CERES Aqua optics during hemispheric scan mode operations. Comparisons of SW TOA flux between CERES Terra and the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) radiative flux profile dataset (FD) RadFlux product show good agreement in monthly anomalies between January 2002 and December 2004, and poor agreement prior to this period. Commonly used statistical tools applied to the CERES Terra data reveal that in order to detect a statistically significant trend of magnitude 0.3 W m-2 decade-1 in global SW TOA flux, approximately 10 to 15 yr of data are needed. This assumes that CERES Terra instrument calibration remains highly stable, long-term climate variability remains constant, and the Terra spacecraft has enough fuel to last 15 yr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - GLOBAL radiation
KW  - CLIMATIC normals
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
N1  - Accession Number: 23940642; Loeb, Norman G. 1,2,3; Email Address: n.g.loeb@larc.nasa.gov Wielicki, Bruce A. 4 Su, Wenying 1 Loukachine, Konstantin 5 Sun, Wenbo 1 Wong, Takmeng 4 Priestley, Kory J. 4 Matthews, Grant 6 Miller, Walter F. 5 Davies, R. 7,8; Affiliation:  1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  2: ** Current affiliation: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Corresponding author address: Dr. Norman G. Loeb, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, and Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  5: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  6: Analytical Services and Materials, Hampton, Virginia  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  8: ++ Current affiliation: University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p575; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: GLOBAL radiation; Subject Term: CLIMATIC normals; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kisiel, Zbigniew
AU  - Pszczółkowski, Lech
AU  - Białkowska-Jaworska, Ewa
AU  - Charnley, Steven B.
T1  - The millimeter wave rotational spectrum of pyruvic acid
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 241
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 229
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Abstract: The rotational spectrum of pyruvic acid has been investigated for the first time in the millimeter-wave region, at 160–314GHz, and also in supersonic expansion, at 10–17.4GHz. The analysis of the broadband spectra recorded in this work was carried out with the newly developed AABS software package for Assignment and Analysis of Broadband Spectra, and precise spectroscopic constants are reported for the ground state, the first excited state of the low-frequency skeletal torsional mode ν 24, and the first excited state of the methyl torsional mode ν 23. Limited results have also been obtained for several higher excited states. The dataset for the ground state currently exceeds 1500 lines and for both the A and E internal rotor sublevels spans the complete range of values of K a at the mid values of J for the measured transitions. The results were analysed with three freely available computer programs employing different strategies for dealing with internal rotation and a comparative discussion of their merits is made. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYRUVIC acid
KW  - ORGANIC acids
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INTEGRATED software
KW  - Astrophysics
KW  - Excited vibrational states
KW  - Internal rotation
KW  - Millimeter-wave spectroscopy
KW  - Rotational spetroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 24049242; Kisiel, Zbigniew 1; Email Address: kisiel@ifpan.edu.pl Pszczółkowski, Lech 1 Białkowska-Jaworska, Ewa 1 Charnley, Steven B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 241 Issue 2, p220; Subject Term: PYRUVIC acid; Subject Term: ORGANIC acids; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INTEGRATED software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Excited vibrational states; Author-Supplied Keyword: Internal rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Millimeter-wave spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational spetroscopy; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2006.12.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fleming, aErich D.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Castenholz, Richard W.
T1  - EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND LIGHT INTENSITY ON THE RESUMPTION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN REHYDRATED CYANOBACTERIAL MATS FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA SUR, MEXICO.
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 24
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Lyngbya mats in the intertidal of the Laguna Ojo de Liebre are metabolically active for only a few days every 2 weeks during spring tides, with environmental conditions varying greatly during these periods of hydration. Pulse amplitude modulated fluorometry (PAM) and oxygen measurements were used to measure photosynthetic activity during the first few hours after rehydration under various light intensities and salinities. Upon rehydration, a transitory maximum in respiratory activity (10–30 min) occurred before the resumption of photosynthesis, which could recover in about 2 h. Salinities outside the mats' natural range (35–50 psu) were detrimental to photosynthetic recovery. Both high (100 psu) and low (0–10 psu) salinities slowed recovery as well as lowered the overall photosynthetic yield. Photosynthesis was initiated earlier and recovered more rapidly with increasing light intensity. In addition, the positive effect of light on rates of recovery was disproportionately greater at lower salinities (10–25 psu) where high light (500 W·m−2) counteracted the negative effects of low-salt stress early in recovery. However, higher light intensities became photoinhibitory later in recovery (>2 h). Photosynthesis did not recover uniformly within the mat. Filaments deeper in the mat most likely recovered later than those near the surface due to high light attenuation. The ability of the mats to tolerate desiccation and take advantage of hydration periods even when conditions are suboptimal enables these mats to predominate in the intertidal environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - LYNGBYA
KW  - PULSE amplitude modulation
KW  - FLUORIMETRY
KW  - HYDRATION
KW  - desiccation
KW  - Lyngbya aestuarii
KW  - PAM fluorometry
KW  - photosynthesis
KW  - rehydration
KW  - salt stress
N1  - Accession Number: 23894213; Fleming, aErich D. 1; Email Address: efleming@uoregon.edu Bebout, Brad M. 2 Castenholz, Richard W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p15; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: SALINITY; Subject Term: LYNGBYA; Subject Term: PULSE amplitude modulation; Subject Term: FLUORIMETRY; Subject Term: HYDRATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: desiccation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lyngbya aestuarii; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAM fluorometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: rehydration; Author-Supplied Keyword: salt stress; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2006.00297.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Niu, Jianguo
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Huang, Hung-Lung
AU  - Davies, James E.
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
T1  - A fast infrared radiative transfer model for overlapping clouds
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 103
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 447
EP  - 459
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: A fast infrared radiative transfer model (FIRTM2) appropriate for application to both single-layered and overlapping cloud situations is developed for simulating the outgoing infrared spectral radiance at the top of the atmosphere (TOA). In FIRTM2 a pre-computed library of cloud reflectance and transmittance values is employed to account for one or two cloud layers, whereas the background atmospheric optical thickness due to gaseous absorption can be computed from a clear-sky radiative transfer model. FIRTM2 is applicable to three atmospheric conditions: (1) clear-sky, (2) single-layered ice or water cloud, and (3) two simultaneous cloud layers in a column (e.g., ice cloud overlying water cloud). Moreover, FIRTM2 outputs the derivatives (i.e., Jacobians) of the TOA brightness temperature with respect to cloud optical thickness and effective particle size. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out to assess the performance of FIRTM2 for two spectral regions, namely the longwave (LW) band (587.3–1179.5cm−1) and the short-to-medium wave (SMW) band (1180.1–2228.9cm−1). The assessment is carried out in terms of brightness temperature differences (BTD) between FIRTM2 and the well-known discrete ordinates radiative transfer model (DISORT), henceforth referred to as BTD (F−D). The BTD (F−D) values for single-layered clouds are generally less than 0.8K. For the case of two cloud layers (specifically ice cloud over water cloud), the BTD (F−D) values are also generally less than 0.8K except for the SMW band for the case of a very high altitude (>15km) cloud comprised of small ice particles. Note that for clear-sky atmospheres, FIRTM2 reduces to the clear-sky radiative transfer model that is incorporated into FIRTM2, and the errors in this case are essentially those of the clear-sky radiative transfer model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - Cloud
KW  - Fast code
KW  - Infrared radiative transfer
KW  - Single scattering properties of cloud
N1  - Accession Number: 22947688; Niu, Jianguo 1 Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Huang, Hung-Lung 2 Davies, James E. 2 Li, Jun 2 Baum, Bryan A. 3 Hu, Yong X. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Cooperative Institute of Satellite Study University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 103 Issue 3, p447; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fast code; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single scattering properties of cloud; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.05.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hudy, Laura M.
AU  - Naguib, Ahmed
AU  - Humphreys, William M.
T1  - Stochastic estimation of a separated-flow field using wall-pressure-array measurements.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 024103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Concurrent, surface-pressure and planar, particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were obtained in the separating/reattaching flow region downstream of an axisymmetric, backward-facing step at a Reynolds number of 8081, based on step height. The surface-pressure and PIV measurements were used to investigate the evolution of coherent structures in the flow field by employing proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and multipoint, linear, stochastic estimation (mLSE) analysis techniques. POD was used to determine the dominant modes in the pressure signature, while mLSE was used to estimate the dominant flow structures above the wall from the wall-pressure POD modes over a series of time steps. It was found that a large-scale, coherent structure develops in place (i.e., temporally) at approximately half the reattachment distance. Once this structure reaches a height equivalent to the step, it sheds and accelerates downstream. This growth in place, and then shedding, resembles the evolution of the flow structure in the wake of bluff bodies. Such a “wake mode” has been observed in numerical-simulation studies of long cavities and backward-facing steps, where flow two dimensionality is controllable. The present study shows for the first time evidence for the existence of a wake mode in an experimental study of a backward-facing step. This is believed to relate to the quality of the two dimensionality (i.e., axisymmetry) of the test geometry and the ability to track the temporal evolution of structural features through mLSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - STOCHASTIC approximation
KW  - WALL pressure (Aerodynamics)
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 24246065; Hudy, Laura M. 1 Naguib, Ahmed 1; Email Address: naguib@egr.msu.edu Humphreys, William M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p024103; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC approximation; Subject Term: WALL pressure (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 23 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2472507
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lofthouse, Andrew J.
AU  - Boyd, Iain D.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
T1  - Effects of continuum breakdown on hypersonic aerothermodynamics.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 027105
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Hypersonic vehicles experience different flow regimes during flight due to changes in atmospheric density. Hybrid continuum-particle methods, based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods, are being developed to simulate the flow in different hypersonic regimes. These methods use a breakdown parameter to determine regions of the flow where the CFD physics are no longer valid. The current study investigates the effect of continuum breakdown on surface aerothermodynamic properties (pressure, shear stress, and heat transfer rate) of a cylinder in a Mach 10 flow of argon gas for several different flow regimes, from the continuum to a rarefied gas. CFD and DSMC solutions are obtained at each flow condition. Total drag predictions differ by less than 1% for a continuum flow while CFD predicts a 26% higher drag than DSMC for a rarefied flow. Peak heat transfer rate differences range from less than 1% for a continuum flow to more than 32% for a rarefied flow, again with CFD predicting the higher value. Differences in drag and heat transfer are expected to decrease with the use of velocity slip and temperature jump boundary conditions with the CFD method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC density
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - HEAT transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 24246054; Lofthouse, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: ajloft@umich.edu Boyd, Iain D. 1 Wright, Michael J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2140  2: Reacting Flow Environments Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p027105; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC density; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: GAS flow; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2710289
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuo, Spencer P.
AU  - Bivolaru, Daniel
T1  - The similarity of shock waves generated by a cone-shaped plasma and by a solid cone in a supersonic airflow.
JO  - Physics of Plasmas
JF  - Physics of Plasmas
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 022303
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 1070664X
AB  - A truncated 60° cone with a slender central spike, which protrudes to the tip location of a perfect cone, is designed as a wind tunnel model. It generates a bow shock in a supersonic airflow. This model is featured with an on-board discharge arrangement with the central spike and the truncated cone as two electrodes. When the central electrode is designated as the cathode, a dc pulsed discharge produces a hollow cone-shaped plasma that envelops the spike. The results show that this plasma has changed the original bow shock to a conical shock, equivalent to reinstating the model into a perfect cone and to generate a 70% increase in the body aspect ratio. A significant drag reduction in each discharge is inferred from the pressure measurements; at the discharge maximum, the pressure on the frontal surface of the body decreases by more than 30%, the pressure on the cone surface increases by about 5%, while the pressure on the cylinder surface remains unchanged. The energy loss due to wave drag is reduced to make up for the two-thirds of the energy consumed in the electric discharge for plasma generation. The measurements also show that the plasma effect on shock structure lasts much longer than the discharge period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Plasmas is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - CONES -- Aerodynamics
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
N1  - Accession Number: 24246105; Kuo, Spencer P. 1 Bivolaru, Daniel 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Polytechnic University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p022303; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: CONES -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437747
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Morrison, David
T1  - Debate about science and religion continues.
JO  - Physics Today
JF  - Physics Today
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
M3  - Letter
SP  - 10
EP  - 10
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00319228
AB  - The article presents a letter to the editor in response to an article about science and religion by Murray Peshkin in the July 2006 issue of "Physics Today."
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - RELIGION & science
N1  - Accession Number: 23954808; Morrison, David 1; Email Address: dmorrison@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p10; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: RELIGION & science; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 271
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - López-Robledo, M.J.
AU  - de Arellano-López, A.R.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, J.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Diffusion and creep of Sr3(Ca1.18Nb1.82)O9−δ  mixed Perovskite fabricated by melt processing
JO  - Solid State Ionics
JF  - Solid State Ionics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 178
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 207
EP  - 211
SN  - 01672738
AB  - Abstract: Compressive creep tests of Sr3(Ca1.18Nb1.82)O9−δ  mixed Perovskite fabricated by melt processing were conducted in Ar and air to determine the deformation rate and to estimate the diffusion coefficient. At 1300–1350 °C, the steady-state strain rate (ε˙) could be expressed aswhere A is a constant, σ is the steady-state stress, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. The data and microstructural observations indicated that the mechanism that controls plasticity is grain rotation associated with redistribution of the intercellular phase, accommodated by cell coalescence, due to diffusion and dislocations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid State Ionics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PEROVSKITE
KW  - OXIDE minerals
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - Creep
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Perovskite
KW  - Proton conductor
N1  - Accession Number: 24299526; López-Robledo, M.J. 1 de Arellano-López, A.R. 1 Martínez-Fernández, J. 1; Email Address: martinez@us.es Sayir, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Dpto. Física Materia Condensada-ICMS, University of Seville-CSIC, Spain  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, OH, United States; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 178 Issue 3/4, p207; Subject Term: PEROVSKITE; Subject Term: OXIDE minerals; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perovskite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proton conductor; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.12.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhong, Zhimin
T1  - Stability and conductivity study of the BaCe0.9−x Zr x Y0.1O2.95 systems
JO  - Solid State Ionics
JF  - Solid State Ionics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 178
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 220
SN  - 01672738
AB  - Abstract: Solid oxide components such as protonic separation membranes for the hydrogen purification and electrolyte for solid oxide fuel cell require thermo-chemical stability and high conductance. The perovskite BaCe0.9Y0.1O2.95 exhibits good proton conduction at high temperatures, but shows poor thermo-chemical stability. Substituting Zr for Ce in BaCe0.9Y0.1O2.95 improves the thermo-chemical stability but reduces proton conduction. The objective of this work was to study the optimization of protonic conductance and thermo-chemical stability by changing the ratio of Ce to Zr in BaCe0.9−x Zr x Y0.1O2.95. To elucidate the dopant effect, a coprecipitation and freeze drying method has been developed to produce single phase perovskites of BaCe0.9−x Zr x Y0.1O2.95 (0≤ x ≤0.9). The method has been optimized to yield high purity and homogeneous powders with a particle size of 50–100 nm in diameter. The sintering characteristics were studied in the temperature range of 1400–1650 °C. BaCe0.9Y0.1O2.95, BaCe0.7Zr0.2Y0.1O2.95 and BaCe0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O2.95 can be sintered to high density at 1650 °C. Sintered BaCe0.5Zr0.4Y0.1O2.95 and BaCe0.3Zr0.6Y0.1O2.95 show good chemical stability against water and carbon dioxide. Electric conductivities of sintered samples, which have been measured by impedance spectroscopy, decrease with their Zr content. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid State Ionics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PEROVSKITE
KW  - OXIDE minerals
KW  - BULK solids
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - BaCeO3
KW  - BaZrO3
KW  - Chemical stability
KW  - Proton conduction
KW  - SOFC electrolyte
KW  - Stoichiometry
N1  - Accession Number: 24299527; Zhong, Zhimin 1; Email Address: zhong11135@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 178 Issue 3/4, p213; Subject Term: PEROVSKITE; Subject Term: OXIDE minerals; Subject Term: BULK solids; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: BaCeO3; Author-Supplied Keyword: BaZrO3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proton conduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFC electrolyte; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stoichiometry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssi.2006.12.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Kowalski, Scott M.
AU  - Vining, G. Geoffrey
T1  - Construction of Balanced Equivalent Estimation Second-Order Split-Plot Designs.
JO  - Technometrics
JF  - Technometrics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 65
SN  - 00401706
AB  - Practical restrictions on randomization are commonplace in industrial experiments due to the presence of hard-to-change or costly-to-change factors. Using a split-plot design (SPD) structure reduces the number of times that these hard-to-change factors are reset during the experiment. A class of second-order response surface SPDs has been proposed in which the ordinary least squares estimates of the model are equivalent to the generalized least squares estimates. Equivalent estimation designs provide best linear unbiased estimates that are independent of the variance components and can be obtained with standard statistical software. Moreover, design selection is robust to model misspecification and does not require previous knowledge of the variance components. This article expands the conditions to obtain equivalent estimation designs and outlines two systematic design construction techniques for building balanced versions of the central composite design. In addition, it presents an approach to generating equivalent estimation V-optimal designs. By applying these design construction techniques, a catalog of designs is generated. These methods provide practitioners with the necessary tools to build equivalent estimation SPDs for a wide variety of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Technometrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - Central composite design
KW  - Equivalent estimation design
KW  - Restricted randomization
KW  - Split-plot design
N1  - Accession Number: 23912308; Parker, Peter A. 1; Email Address: peter.a.parker@nasa.gov Kowalski, Scott M. 2; Email Address: SKowalski@minitab.com Vining, G. Geoffrey 3; Email Address: vining@vt.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Hampton, VA 23681  2: Minitab Inc. State College, PA 16801  3: Department of Statistics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg, VA 24061; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p56; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central composite design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent estimation design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restricted randomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Split-plot design; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 11 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1198/004017006000000462
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scarole, Jeffrey
T1  - Fractal-Based Point Processes.
JO  - Technometrics
JF  - Technometrics
Y1  - 2007/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 102
EP  - 102
SN  - 00401706
AB  - The article reviews the book "Fractal-Based Point Processes," by Steven Bradley Lowen and Malvin Carl Teich.
KW  - POINT processes
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - LOWEN, Steven Bradley
KW  - TEICH, Malvin Carl
KW  - FRACTAL-Based Point Processes (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 23912315; Scarole, Jeffrey 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p102; Subject Term: POINT processes; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: FRACTAL-Based Point Processes (Book); People: LOWEN, Steven Bradley; People: TEICH, Malvin Carl; Number of Pages: 3/4p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckstein, Miguel P.
AU  - Beutter, Brent R.
AU  - Pham, Binh T.
AU  - Shimozaki, Steven S.
AU  - Stone, Leland S.
T1  - Similar Neural Representations of the Target for Saccades and Perception during Search.
JO  - Journal of Neuroscience
JF  - Journal of Neuroscience
Y1  - 2007/02/07/
VL  - 27
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1266
EP  - 1270
SN  - 02706474
AB  - Are the body's actions and the mind's perceptions the result of shared neural processing, or are they performed largely independently? The brain has two major processing streams, and some have proposed that this division segregates visual processing for action and perception. The ventral pathway is claimed to support conscious experience (perception), whereas the dorsal pathway is claimed to support the control of movement (action). Others have argued that perception and action share much of their visual processing within the primate cortex. During visual search, the brain performs a sophisticated deployment of eye movements (saccadic actions) to gather information to subserve perceptual judgments. The relationship between the neural mechanisms mediating perception and action in visual search remains unexplored. Here, we investigate the visual representation of target information in the human brain, both for perceptual decisions and for saccadic actions during visual search. We use classification image analysis, a form of reverse correlation, to estimate the behavioral receptive fields of the visual mechanisms responsible for saccadic and perceptual responses during the same visual search task. Results show that the behavioral receptive fields mediating the perceptual decisions are indistinguishable from those driving the oculomotor decisions, suggesting that similar neural mechanisms are responsible for both perception and oculomotor action during search. Diverging target representations would result in an inefficient coupling between eye movement planning and perceptual judgments. Thus, a common target representation would be more optimal and might be expected to have evolved through natural selection in the neural systems responsible for visual search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Society for Neuroscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SACCADIC eye movements
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - CEREBRAL cortex
KW  - BRAIN
KW  - behavioral receptive fields
KW  - decision
KW  - eye movements
KW  - eye position
KW  - perception and action
KW  - visual search
N1  - Accession Number: 24110293; Eckstein, Miguel P. 1; Email Address: eckstein@psych.ucsb.edu Beutter, Brent R. 2 Pham, Binh T. 1 Shimozaki, Steven S. 1 Stone, Leland S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Vision and Image Understanding Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106,  2: Human System-Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 2/7/2007, Vol. 27 Issue 6, p1266; Subject Term: SACCADIC eye movements; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: CEREBRAL cortex; Subject Term: BRAIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: behavioral receptive fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: decision; Author-Supplied Keyword: eye movements; Author-Supplied Keyword: eye position; Author-Supplied Keyword: perception and action; Author-Supplied Keyword: visual search; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3975-06.2007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertram, Timothy H.
AU  - Perring, Anne E.
AU  - Wooldridge, Paul J.
AU  - Crounse, John D.
AU  - Kwan, Alan J.
AU  - Wennberg, Paul O.
AU  - Scheuer, Eric
AU  - Dibb, Jack
AU  - Avery, Melody
AU  - Sachse, Glen
AU  - Vay, Stephanie A.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - McNaughton, Cameron S.
AU  - Clarke, Antony
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Fuelberg, Henry
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Singh, Hanwant B.
AU  - Hall, Samuel R.
T1  - Direct Measurements of the Convective Recycling of the Upper Troposphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/02/09/
VL  - 315
IS  - 5813
M3  - Article
SP  - 816
EP  - 820
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We present a statistical representation of the aggregate effects of deep convection on the chemistry and dynamics of the upper troposphere (UT) based on direct aircraft observations of the chemical composition of the UT over the eastern United States and Canada during summer. These measurements provide unique observational constraints on the chemistry occurring downwind of convection and the rate at which air in the UT is recycled. These results provide quantitative measures that can be used to evaluate global climate and chemistry models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - CANADA
N1  - Accession Number: 24100593; Bertram, Timothy H. 1 Perring, Anne E. 1 Wooldridge, Paul J. 1 Crounse, John D. 2 Kwan, Alan J. 3 Wennberg, Paul O. 3,4 Scheuer, Eric 5 Dibb, Jack 5 Avery, Melody 6 Sachse, Glen 6 Vay, Stephanie A. 6 Crawford, James H. 6 McNaughton, Cameron S. 7 Clarke, Antony 7 Pickering, Kenneth E. 8,9 Fuelberg, Henry 10 Huey, Greg 11 Blake, Donald R. 12 Singh, Hanwant B. 13 Hall, Samuel R. 14; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  7: School of Ocean and Earth Science Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  8: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  10: Department of Meteorology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA  11: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  12: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  13: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  14: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Source Info: 2/9/2007, Vol. 315 Issue 5813, p816; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: UNITED States; Subject Term: CANADA; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Hofman, Gerard
AU  - Rest, Jeffrey
T1  - Role of Si on the Al behavior in the reaction layer of Al/UMo diffusion couples.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/02/12/
VL  - 90
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 074104
EP  - N.PAG
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The basic experimental features characterizing the Al–Si/U–Mo interface are identified in this atomistic modeling effort, such as the formation of interfacial compounds, Si depletion in the Al matrix near the interface, reduced Al diffusion in the UMo solid solution, and the interaction between Mo and Si which inhibits Al and Si diffusion to the UMo bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - URANIUM
KW  - MOLYBDENUM
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
N1  - Accession Number: 24176104; Garcés, Jorge E. 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2 Hofman, Gerard 3 Rest, Jeffrey 3; Affiliation:  1: Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142 and NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Ave., Argonne, Illinois 60439; Source Info: 2/12/2007, Vol. 90 Issue 7, p074104; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: URANIUM; Subject Term: MOLYBDENUM; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2535592
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemeth, N.N.
AU  - Evans, L.J.
AU  - Jadaan, O.M.
AU  - Sharpe, W.N.
AU  - Beheim, G.M.
AU  - Trapp, M.A.
T1  - Fabrication and probabilistic fracture strength prediction of high-aspect-ratio single crystal silicon carbide microspecimens with stress concentration
JO  - Thin Solid Films
JF  - Thin Solid Films
Y1  - 2007/02/12/
VL  - 515
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3283
EP  - 3290
SN  - 00406090
AB  - Abstract: Single crystal silicon carbide micro-sized tensile specimens were fabricated with deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) in order to investigate the effect of stress concentration on the room-temperature fracture strength. The fracture strength was defined as the level of stress at the highest stressed location in the structure at the instant of specimen rupture. Specimens with an elliptical hole, a circular hole, and without a hole (and hence with no stress concentration) were made. The average fracture strength of specimens with a higher stress concentration was larger than the average fracture strength of specimens with a lower stress concentration. Average strength of elliptical-hole, circular-hole, and without-hole specimens was 1.53, 1.26, and 0.66GPa, respectively. Significant scatter in strength was observed with the Weibull modulus ranging between 2 and 6. No fractographic examination was performed but it was assumed that the strength controlling flaws originated from etching grooves along the specimen side-walls. The increase of observed fracture strength with increasing stress concentration was compared to predictions made with the Weibull stress-integral formulation by using the NASA CARES/Life code. In the analysis isotropic material and fracture behavior was assumed — hence it was not a completely rigorous analysis. However, even with these assumptions good correlation was achieved for the circular-hole specimen data when using the specimen data without stress concentration as a baseline. Strength was over predicted for the elliptical-hole specimen data. Significant specimen-to-specimen dimensional variation existed in the elliptical-hole specimens due to variations in the nickel mask used in the etching. To simulate the additional effect of the dimensional variability on the probabilistic strength response for the single crystal specimens the ANSYS Probabilistic Design System (PDS) was used with CARES/Life. The ANSYS-PDS & CARES/Life simulation correlated better to the elliptical-hole specimen data than CARES/Life predictions based on average specimen dimensions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin Solid Films is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
KW  - MEMS
KW  - Silicon carbide
KW  - Strength
KW  - Weibull
N1  - Accession Number: 23806615; Nemeth, N.N. 1; Email Address: Noel.N.Nemeth@grc.nasa.gov Evans, L.J. 2 Jadaan, O.M. 3 Sharpe, W.N. 4 Beheim, G.M. 2 Trapp, M.A. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mechanics and Lifing, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Mail Stop 47-7, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Sensors and Electronics Branch, 21000 Brookpark Rd. Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: University of Wisconsin-Platteville, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Science, Platteville, WI 53818, United States  4: The John Hopkins University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States  5: Carnegie Mellon University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 515 Issue 6, p3283; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRESS concentration; Subject Term: WEIBULL distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tsf.2006.01.041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoon, Kevin E.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Effects of rhenium addition on the temporal evolution of the nanostructure and chemistry of a model Ni–Cr–Al superalloy. I: Experimental observations
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2007/02/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1145
EP  - 1157
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The temporal evolution of the nanostructure and chemistry of a model Ni–8.5at.% Cr–10at.% Al alloy, with the addition of 2 at.% Re, aged at 1073K from 0.25 to 264h, was studied. Transmission electron microscopy and atom-probe tomography were used to measure the number density and mean radius of the γ′ (L12 structure)-precipitates and the chemistry of the γ′-precipitates and the γ (face-centered cubic)-matrix, including the partitioning behavior of all alloying elements between the γ- and γ′-phases and the segregation behavior at γ/γ′ interfaces. The precipitates remained spheroidal for an aging time of up to 264h and, unlike commercial nickel-based superalloys containing Re, there was not confined (nonmonotonic) Re segregation at the γ/γ′ interfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RHENIUM
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - Atom probe tomography
KW  - Nanostructure
KW  - Nickel alloys
KW  - Rhenium
KW  - Segregation
N1  - Accession Number: 23881194; Yoon, Kevin E. 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Seidman, David N. 1; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p1145; Subject Term: RHENIUM; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rhenium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Segregation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoon, Kevin E.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Effects of rhenium addition on the temporal evolution of the nanostructure and chemistry of a model Ni–Cr–Al superalloy. II: Analysis of the coarsening behavior
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2007/02/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1159
EP  - 1169
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The temporal evolution of the nanostructure and chemistry of a model Ni–8.5at.% Cr–10at.% Al alloy with the addition of 2at.% Re was studied using transmission electron microscopy and atom-probe tomography in order to measure the number density and mean radius of the γ′ (L12) precipitates and the chemistry of the γ′-precipitates and the γ (fcc)-matrix. In this article, the coarsening behavior of the γ′-precipitates is discussed in detail and compared with the Umantsev–Olson model for multi-component alloys. In addition, the experimental results are evaluated with PrecipiCalc™ simulations. The results show that the diffusivities of the solute elements play a major role in the coarsening behavior of the γ′-precipitates and that the addition of Re retards the coarsening kinetics and stabilizes the spheroidal morphology of the precipitates by reducing the interfacial energy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - HEAT resistant materials
KW  - RHENIUM
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - Atom probe tomography
KW  - Coarsening
KW  - Nanostructure
KW  - Nickel alloys
KW  - Rhenium
KW  - Umantsev–Olson model
N1  - Accession Number: 23881195; Yoon, Kevin E. 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Seidman, David N. 1; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p1159; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: HEAT resistant materials; Subject Term: RHENIUM; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coarsening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rhenium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Umantsev–Olson model; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2006.08.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sandmann, Thomas
AU  - Girardot, Charles
AU  - Brehme, Marc
AU  - Tongpraist, Waraporn
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Furlong, Eileen E. M.
T1  - A core transcriptional network for early mesoderm development in Drosophila melanogaster.
JO  - Genes & Development
JF  - Genes & Development
Y1  - 2007/02/15/
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 9
SN  - 08909369
AB  - Embryogenesis is controlled by large gene-regulatory networks, which generate spatially and temporally refined patterns of gene expression. Here, we report the characteristics of the regulatory network orchestrating early mesodermal development in the fruitfly Drosophila, where the transcription factor Twist is both necessary and sufficient to drive development. Through the integration of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by microarray analysis (ChIP-on-chip) experiments during discrete time periods with computational approaches, we identified <2000 Twist-bound cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) and almost 500 direct target genes. Unexpectedly, Twist regulates an almost complete cassette of genes required for cell proliferation in addition to genes essential for morophogenesis and cell migration. Twist targets almost 25% of all annotated Drosophila transcription factors, which may represent the entire set of regulators necessary for the early development of this system. By combining in vivo binding data from Twist, Mef2, Tinman, and Dorsal we have constructed an initial transcriptional network of early mesoderm development. The network topology reveals extensive combinatorial binding, feed-forward regulation, and complex logical outputs as prevalent features. In addition to binary activation and repression, we suggest that Twist binds to almost all mesodermal CRMs to provide the competence to integrate inputs from more specialized transcription factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Genes & Development is the property of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - DROSOPHILA melanogaster
KW  - MESODERM
KW  - GENES
KW  - EMBRYOLOGY
KW  - CELL proliferation
KW  - CELL migration
KW  - ChIP-on-chip
KW  - Dorsal
KW  - mesoderm
KW  - temporal regulation
KW  - transcriptional network
KW  - Twist
N1  - Accession Number: 24311187; Sandmann, Thomas 1 Girardot, Charles 1 Brehme, Marc 1 Tongpraist, Waraporn 2 Stolc, Viktor 2 Furlong, Eileen E. M. 1; Email Address: furlong@embl.de; Affiliation:  1: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: Genome Research Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/15/2007, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p9; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA melanogaster; Subject Term: MESODERM; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: EMBRYOLOGY; Subject Term: CELL proliferation; Subject Term: CELL migration; Author-Supplied Keyword: ChIP-on-chip; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dorsal; Author-Supplied Keyword: mesoderm; Author-Supplied Keyword: temporal regulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: transcriptional network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Twist; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu  Liu
AU  - Randy  L. Vander Wal
AU  - Valery  N. Khabashesku
T1  - Functionalization of Carbon Nano-onions by Direct Fluorination.
JO  - Chemistry of Materials
JF  - Chemistry of Materials
Y1  - 2007/02/20/
VL  - 19
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 778
EP  - 786
SN  - 08974756
AB  - Carbon nano-onions (CNO) are made of concentric fullerene-like shells and range from double- and triple- to multilayered structures. They remain the least studied allotrope of carbon yet. In the present study, a one-step process for functionalization of CNO (50−100 nm diameter) by addition of fluorine through direct fluorination at variable temperatures is reported. The reactions of CNO at three different temperatures, 350, 410, and 480 °C, yield fluorinated nano-onions (F-NO) of approximately C10.1F, C3.3F, and C2.3F stoichiometry, respectively, representing a new family of nanoscale fluorocarbon materials. The F-NO were characterized by a set of materials characterization methods including FTIR, Raman, UV−vis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis. SEM and TEM images show that even after breaking of the graphene layers in CNO by fluorine, the F-NO products retain the spherical onion-shaped morphology. The subsequent defluorination of F-NO by hydrazine treatment results in remarkable “healing” of broken graphene layers which rejoin within the sphere to substantially restore the CNO microstructure. In comparison with pristine CNO, fluorinated nano-onions show dramatically improved solubility in organic solvents, e.g., alcohols and DMF, enabling their processing for lubricating coatings, paints, nanocomposites, and biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemistry of Materials is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORINE
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 24395396; Yu  Liu 1 Randy  L. Vander Wal 1 Valery  N. Khabashesku 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Richard E. Smalley Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, RiceUniversity, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, and The National Center for MicrogravityResearch at NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 19 Issue 4, p778; Subject Term: FLUORINE; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, F.
AU  - Sornette, D.
T1  - Electro-magnetic earthquake bursts and critical rupture of peroxy bond networks in rocks
JO  - Tectonophysics
JF  - Tectonophysics
Y1  - 2007/02/20/
VL  - 431
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 47
SN  - 00401951
AB  - Abstract: We propose a mechanism for the low frequency electromagnetic emissions and other electromagnetic and electric phenomena which have been associated with earthquakes. The mechanism combines the critical earthquake concept and the concept of crust acting as a charging electric battery under increasing stress. The electric charges are released by activation of dormant charge carriers in the oxygen anion sublattice, called peroxy bonds or positive hole pairs (PHP), where a PHP represents an O3X/OO\YO3 with X,Y=Si4+,Al3+,…, i.e. O −  in a matrix of O2−  of silicates. We propose that PHP are activated by plastic deformations during the slow cooperative build-up of stress and the increasingly correlated damage culminating in a large “critical” earthquake. Recent laboratory experiments indeed show that stressed rocks form electric batteries which can release their charge when a conducting path closes the equivalent electric circuit. We conjecture that the intermittent and erratic occurrences of EM signals are a consequence of the progressive build-up of the battery charges in the Earth crust and of their release when crack networks percolate through the stressed rock volumes, providing a conductive pathway for the battery currents to discharge. EM signals are thus expected close to the rupture, either slightly before or after, that is, when percolation is most favored. The proposed mechanism should be relevant for the broader understanding of fractoemissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tectonophysics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - ELECTRIC batteries
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - Critical earthquake
KW  - Crust damage
KW  - Electro-magnetic precursors
KW  - Fractoemissions
KW  - Peroxy bonds
N1  - Accession Number: 23865389; Freund, F. 1,2,3; Email Address: ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov Sornette, D. 4,5,6; Email Address: dsornette@ethz.ch; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Carl-Sagan-Center, SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: D-MTEC. ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich), CH-8032 Zurich, Switzerland  5: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  6: Department of Earth and Space Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 431 Issue 1-4, p33; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC batteries; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical earthquake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crust damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electro-magnetic precursors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractoemissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peroxy bonds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335910 Battery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.05.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
AU  - Salgueiro da Silva, Manuel A.
AU  - Lau, Bobby W.S.
AU  - Takeuchi, Akihiro
AU  - Jones, Hollis H.
T1  - Electric currents along earthquake faults and the magnetization of pseudotachylite veins
JO  - Tectonophysics
JF  - Tectonophysics
Y1  - 2007/02/20/
VL  - 431
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 141
SN  - 00401951
AB  - Abstract: Pseudotachylites occur in the form of thin glassy veins quenched from frictional melts along the fault planes of major earthquakes. They contain finely grained magnetite and often exhibit a high natural remanent magnetization (NRM). High NRM values imply strong local electric currents. These currents must persist for some time, while the pseudotachylite veins cool through the Curie temperature of magnetite around 580 °C. There is no generally accepted theory explaining how such powerful, persistent currents may be generated along the fault plane. Data presented here suggest the activation of electronic charge carriers, which are present in igneous rocks in a dormant, inactive form. These charge carriers can be “awakened” by the application of stress. They are electrons and defect electrons, also known as positive holes or p-holes for short. While p-holes are capable of spreading out of the stressed rock volume into adjacent p-type conductive unstressed rocks, electrons require a connection to the hot, n-type conductive lower crust. However, as long as the (downward) electron flow is not connected, the circuit is not closed. Hence, with the outflow of p-holes impeded, no current can be sustained. This situation is comparable to that of a charged battery where one pole remains unconnected. The friction melt that forms coseismically during rupture, provides a conductive path downward, which closes the circuit. This allows a current to flow along the fault plane. Extrapolating from laboratory data, every km3 of stressed igneous rocks adjacent to the fault plane can deliver 103–105 A. Hence, the current along the fault plane will not be limited by the number of charge carriers but more likely by the (electronic) conductivity of the cooling pseudotachylite vein. The sheet current will produce a magnetic field, whose vectors will lie in the fault plane and perpendicular to the flow direction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tectonophysics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - MAGNETIZATION
KW  - MAGNETITE
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - Earthquake physics
KW  - Electric currents
KW  - Friction melt
KW  - Magnetization
KW  - Pseudotachylite
N1  - Accession Number: 23865397; Freund, Friedemann 1,2; Email Address: ffreund@mail.arc.nasa.gov Salgueiro da Silva, Manuel A. 3 Lau, Bobby W.S. 1 Takeuchi, Akihiro 4 Jones, Hollis H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center/SJSU Code SGE, MS 242-4 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Instituto de Física dos Materiais Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 6874169-007 Porto-Portugal  4: Department of Chemistry, Niigata University, 8050 Ikarashi-ninocho, Niigata 950-2181, Japan  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Code 553 Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 431 Issue 1-4, p131; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: MAGNETITE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Friction melt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pseudotachylite; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.05.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duncan Fairlie, T.
AU  - Jacob, Daniel J.
AU  - Park, Rokjin J.
T1  - The impact of transpacific transport of mineral dust in the United States
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/02/21/
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1251
EP  - 1266
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to estimate the impact of transpacific transport of mineral dust on aerosol concentrations in North America during 2001. We have implemented two dust mobilization schemes in the model (GOCART and DEAD) and find that the best simulation of North American surface observations with GEOS-Chem is achieved by combining the topographic source used in GOCART with the entrainment scheme used in DEAD. This combination restricts dust emissions to year-round arid areas but includes a significant wind threshold for dust mobilization. The model captures the magnitude and seasonal cycle of observed surface dust concentrations over the northern Pacific. It simulates the free tropospheric outflow of dust from Asia observed in the TRACE-P and ACE-Asia aircraft campaigns of spring 2001. It reproduces the timing and distribution of Asian dust outbreaks in North America during April–May. Beyond these outbreaks we find persistent Asian fine dust (averaging 1. 2μgm−3) in surface air over the western United States in spring, with much weaker influence (0. 25μgm−3) in summer and fall. Asian influence over the eastern United States is 30–50% lower. We find that transpacific sources accounted for 41% of the worst dust days in the western United States in 2001. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MINERAL dusts
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - TRANSPORTATION geography
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Dust
KW  - Mineral
KW  - Transpacific
KW  - Transport
N1  - Accession Number: 23615230; Duncan Fairlie, T. 1,2; Email Address: t.d.fairlie@larc.nasa.gov Jacob, Daniel J. 2 Park, Rokjin J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Division of Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p1251; Subject Term: MINERAL dusts; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION geography; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transpacific; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chubb, Donald L.
T1  - Light Pipe Thermophotovoltaics (LTPV).
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/02/22/
VL  - 890
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 316
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In a conventional thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy converter the radiation from the emitter to the photovoltaic (PV) array is transmitted in a vacuum or air where the index of refraction, n = 1. The intensity of the radiation is proportional to n2. Therefore, the incident intensity on the PV array could be greatly increase if the medium between the emitter and the PV array had n > 1. This light pipe TPV (LTPV) concept was introduced by The Quantum Group at the Third National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) TPV Conference in 1997. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the LTPV concept. The solution of the one-dimensional energy equation that includes both thermal conduction and radiation yields the temperature distribution through the light pipe. Applying the analysis to a zinc selenide (ZnSe) light pipe yielded the following result. For an emitter temperature of 1000K the convertible radiation(photon energy >PV bandgap energy) that reaches the photovoltaic(PV) cell is 1 W/cm2. At the same emitter temperature, a conventional TPV converter would have 1/8 W/cm2 of convertible radiation. Thus, the LTPV concept makes possible lower temperature operation than current TPV converters. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY conversion
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - REFRACTIVE index
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - ZINC selenide
KW  - energy conversion
KW  - light pipe
KW  - thermophotovoltaics
N1  - Accession Number: 24406062; Chubb, Donald L. 1; Email Address: Donald.L.Chubb@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Glenn Research Center (GRC), 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 302-1, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 890 Issue 1, p297; Subject Term: ENERGY conversion; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: ZINC selenide; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: light pipe; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermophotovoltaics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2711748
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilt, David
AU  - Chubb, Donald
AU  - Wolford, David
AU  - Magari, Patrick
AU  - Crowley, Chris
T1  - Thermophotovoltaics for Space Power Applications.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/02/22/
VL  - 890
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 335
EP  - 345
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion has long been considered a potential replacement for thermoelectrics in radioisotope powered deep space power systems. In this application, TPV offers significant potential improvements in both efficiency and mass specific power (W/kg), performance which is considered mission enabling for a variety of mission concepts. TPV systems powered by concentrated solar energy have also been proposed for inner planetary solar system missions. This concept takes advantage of TPV’s ability to store energy for shadow periods in the form of heat energy rather than as electrical energy (batteries), as is commonly done for photovoltaic power systems. The simplicity and large number of power cycles offered by the thermal energy storage offers potential system benefits compared to a photovoltaic / battery system. Recent efforts in the development of radioisotope TPV (RTPV) at Creare have resulted in the demonstration of converter efficiencies in excess of 19%. Several independent system mass analyses have been performed for the Creare RTPV system and they predict specific powers above 10W/kg at the system level. Trades have suggested increasing the rejection temperature can result in a 50% reduction in radiator area while only suffering a 15% reduction in mass specific power. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY conversion
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS & civilization
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
KW  - energy conversion
KW  - space power
KW  - thermophotovoltaic
N1  - Accession Number: 24406059; Wilt, David 1; Email Address: david.m.wilt@nasa.gov Chubb, Donald 1 Wolford, David 1 Magari, Patrick 2 Crowley, Chris 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Creare, P.O. Box 71, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 890 Issue 1, p335; Subject Term: ENERGY conversion; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS & civilization; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: space power; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermophotovoltaic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2711751
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Sanuki, T.
AU  - Anraku, K.
AU  - Asaoka, Y.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Ikeda, N.
AU  - Imori, M.
AU  - Izumi, K.
AU  - Maeno, T.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Matsui, N.
AU  - Matsukawa, T.
AU  - Matsumoto, H.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, S.
T1  - Erratum to: “Measurements of proton, helium and muon spectra at small atmospheric depths with the BESS spectrometer” [Phys. Lett. B 564 (2003) 8]
JO  - Physics Letters B
JF  - Physics Letters B
Y1  - 2007/02/22/
VL  - 645
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 472
EP  - 475
SN  - 03702693
N1  - Accession Number: 23865790; Abe, K. 1; Email Address: abe@suketto.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp Sanuki, T. 1 Anraku, K. 1 Asaoka, Y. 1 Fuke, H. 1 Haino, S. 1 Ikeda, N. 2 Imori, M. 1 Izumi, K. 1 Maeno, T. 2 Makida, Y. 3 Matsuda, S. 1 Matsui, N. 1 Matsukawa, T. 2 Matsumoto, H. 1 Mitchell, J.W. 4 Moiseev, A.A. 4 Nishimura, J. 1 Nozaki, M. 2 Orito, S. 1; Affiliation:  1: The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  3: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 645 Issue 5/6, p472; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/S0370-2693(03)00676-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kathuroju, Naven
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Symanzik, Jürgen
AU  - Schwartz, Mark D.
AU  - Powell, James A.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - On the use of the advanced very high resolution radiometer for development of prognostic land surface phenology models
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2007/02/24/
VL  - 201
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 156
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Regulation of interannual phenological variability is an important component of climate and ecological models. Prior phenological efforts using the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) as a proxy of vegetation dynamics have often simulated spring events only or failed to simulate interannual variability. Our aim is to address these shortcomings and to use the AVHRR to develop prognostic models for interannual land surface phenology and, critically, to test whether or not the developed models are superior to use of climatological phenology values from the AVHRR. Using datasets for the conterminous United States, we first filtered data to select regions and plant functional types for which the best-possible remotely sensed signal could be obtained. We then used a generalized linear model approach to model the relationship between an integrative productivity index and estimates of the start of season (SOS) and end of season (EOS) derived from the AVHRR, yielding models capable of prognostically predicting SOS/EOS events independently of satellite data. Mean absolute errors between the model-predicted and AVHRR-observed SOS/EOS ranged from 5. 1 to 20. 3 days. SOS errors were uniformly lower than EOS errors. SOS models for the deciduous broadleaf forest and grassland plant functional types produced lower errors than use of the climatological SOS values while all other models produced errors higher than those obtained from the climatological dates. Based on this criterion for success, we suggest that the AVHRR may not be appropriate for further development of prognostic land surface phenology models. However, an intercomparison of phenological dates from an independent spring index model, our model predictions, and the AVHRR observations indicated that interannual predictions from our models may be superior to the satellite data upon which they are based, implying that a further comparison between models based on the AVHRR and newer, superior sensors, should be conducted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANT phenology
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles -- Seasonal variations
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - PLANT variation
KW  - BIOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - VEGETATION dynamics
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Budburst
KW  - Canopy duration
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Fall
KW  - GCM
KW  - Growing season
KW  - Interannual variability
KW  - Leaf out
KW  - Senescence
KW  - Spring
N1  - Accession Number: 23742242; Kathuroju, Naven 1 White, Michael A. 1; Email Address: mikew@cc.usu.edu Symanzik, Jürgen 2 Schwartz, Mark D. 3 Powell, James A. 2 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA  2: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA  3: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2007, Vol. 201 Issue 2, p144; Subject Term: PLANT phenology; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles -- Seasonal variations; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: PLANT variation; Subject Term: BIOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Budburst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy duration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fall; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Growing season; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interannual variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf out; Author-Supplied Keyword: Senescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spring; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Mast, Jeffrey C.
AU  - Winick, Jeremy R.
AU  - Russell, James M.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Evans, David S.
T1  - Ionospheric E-region response to solar-geomagnetic storms observed by TIMED/SABER and application to IRI storm-model development
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 715
EP  - 728
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The large thermospheric infrared radiance enhancements observed from the TIMED/SABER experiment during recent solar storms provide an exciting opportunity to study the influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances on the upper atmosphere and ionosphere. In particular, nighttime enhancements of 4.3μm emission, due to vibrational excitation and radiative emission by NO+, provide an excellent proxy to study and analyze the response of the ionospheric E-region to auroral electron dosing and storm-time enhancements to the E-region electron density. In this paper, we give a status report of on-going work on model and data analysis methodologies of deriving NO+ 4.3μm volume emission rates, a proxy for the storm-time E-region response, and the approach for deriving an empirical storm-time correction to IRI E-region NO+ and electron densities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL disasters
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Ion-neutral chemistry
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Magnetic storms
KW  - Non-LTE
KW  - Radiation transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 25119045; Mertens, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: c.j.mertens@larc.nasa.gov Mast, Jeffrey C. 2 Winick, Jeremy R. 3 Russell, James M. 4 Mlynczak, Martin G. 1 Evans, David S. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: SAIC Inc, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Air Force Research Laboratories, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731-3010, USA  4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton VA 23668, USA  5: NOAA Space Environment Center, Boulder CO 80303, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p715; Subject Term: NATURAL disasters; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion-neutral chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic storms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-LTE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation transfer; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2006.09.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuzmanoski, M.
AU  - Box, M. A.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Box, G. P.
AU  - Wang, J.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Bates, D.
AU  - Jonsson, H. H.
AU  - Welton, E. J.
AU  - Seinfeld, J. H.
T1  - Aerosol Properties Computed from Aircraft-Based Observations During the ACE-Asia Campaign: 2. A Case Study of Lidar Ratio Closure.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 231
EP  - 243
SN  - 02786826
AB  - For a vertical profile with three distinct layers (marine boundary, pollution, and dust layers), observed during the ACE-Asia campaign, we carried out a comparison between the modeled lidar ratio vertical profile and that obtained from co-located airborne NASA AATS-14 sunphotometer and shipborne Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) measurements. The vertically resolved lidar ratio was calculated from two size distribution vertical profiles—one obtained by inversion of sunphotometer-derived extinction spectra, and one measured in-situ—combined with the same refractive index model based on aerosol chemical composition. The aerosol model implies single scattering albedos of 0.78–0.81 and 0.93–0.96 at 0.523 μm (the wavelength of the lidar measurements), in the pollution and dust layers, respectively. The lidar ratios calculated from the two size distribution profiles agree closely in the dust layer; they are however, significantly lower than the lidar ratios derived from combined lidar and sunphotometer measurements. Uncertainties in aerosol size distributions and refractive index only partly explain these differences, suggesting that particle nonsphericity in this layer is an additional explanation. In the pollution layer, the two size distribution profiles yield lidar ratios that agree within the estimated uncertainties. The retrieved size distributions result in a lidar ratio which is in closer agreement with that derived from lidar/sunphotometer measurements in this layer, with still large differences at certain altitudes (the largest relative difference was 46%). We explain these differences by non-uniqueness of the result of the size distribution retrieval, by a lack of information on the mixing state of particles, and the vertical variability of the particle refractive index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - LASER communication systems
KW  - RADAR -- Optical equipment
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - DUST
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 24155086; Kuzmanoski, M. 1 Box, M. A. 2 Schmid, B. 3 Box, G. P. 2 Wang, J. 4 Russell, P. B. 5 Bates, D. 6 Jonsson, H. H. 7 Welton, E. J. 8 Seinfeld, J. H. 9; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics, University of New South Wales. Sydney. Australia,Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. Sonoma, California. USA  2: School of Physics, University of New South Wales. Sydney. Australia  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute. Sonoma, California. USA,Now at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Richland, Washington. USA  4: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton, New York. USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center. Moffett Field, California. USA  6: Physics Department, University of Miami. Coral Gables, Florida. USA  7: CIRPAS. Marina, California. USA  8: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for Atmospheres. Greenbelt, Maryland. USA  9: Department of Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology. Pasadena, California. USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p231; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: LASER communication systems; Subject Term: RADAR -- Optical equipment; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820601146977
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paxson, Daniel E.
AU  - Wernet, Mark P.
AU  - John, Wentworth T.
T1  - Experimental Investigation of Unsteady Thrust Augmentation Using a Speaker-Driven Jet.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 607
EP  - 607
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An experimental investigation is described in which a simple speaker-driven jet was used as a pulsed thrust source (driver) for an ejector configuration. The objectives of the investigation were twofold. The first was to expand the experimental body of evidence showing that an unsteady thrust source, combined with a properly sized ejector generally yields higher thrust augmentation values than a similarly sized, steady driver of equivalent thrust. The second objective was to identify characteristics of the unsteady driver that may be useful for sizing ejectors, and for predicting the thrust augmentation levels that may be achieved. The speaker-driven jet provided a convenient source for the investigation because it is entirely unsteady (i.e., it has no mean velocity component) and because relevant parameters such as frequency, time-averaged thrust, and diameter are easily variable. The experimental setup will be described, as will the two main measurements techniques employed. These are thrust and digital particle imaging velocimetry of the driver. It will be shown that thrust augmentation values as high as 1.8 were obtained, that the diameter of the best ejector scaled with the dimensions of the emitted vortex, and that the so-called formation time serves as a useful dimensionless parameter by which to characterize the jet and predict performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET planes
KW  - SHORT take-off & landing aircraft -- Jet propulsion -- Ejectors
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - JET propulsion
KW  - INTERNAL combustion engines
N1  - Accession Number: 24469247; Paxson, Daniel E. 1 Wernet, Mark P. 1 John, Wentworth T. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p607; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: SHORT take-off & landing aircraft -- Jet propulsion -- Ejectors; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: JET propulsion; Subject Term: INTERNAL combustion engines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336310 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.18449
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charles S.  Cockell
AU  - André  Brack
AU  - David D.  Wynn-Williams
AU  - Pietro  Baglioni
AU  - Franz  Brandstätter
AU  - René  Demets
AU  - Howell G.M.  Edwards
AU  - Aaron L.  Gronstal
AU  - Gero  Kurat
AU  - Pascal  Lee
AU  - Gordon R.  Osinski
AU  - David A.  Pearce
AU  - Judith M.  Pillinger
AU  - Claude-Alain  Roten
AU  - Suzy  Sancisi-Frey
T1  - Interplanetary Transfer of Photosynthesis An Experimental Demonstration of A Selective Dispersal Filter in Planetary Island Biogeography.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 15311074
AB  - We launched a cryptoendolithic habitat, made of a gneissic impactite inoculated with Chroococcidiopsissp., into Earth orbit. After orbiting the Earth for 16 days, the rock entered the Earth's atmosphere and was recovered in Kazakhstan. The heat of entry ablated and heated the rock to a temperature well above the upper temperature limit for life to below the depth at which light levels are insufficient for photosynthetic organisms (∼5 mm), thus killing all of its photosynthetic inhabitants. This experiment shows that atmospheric transit acts as a strong biogeographical dispersal filter to the interplanetary transfer of photosynthesis. Following atmospheric entry we found that a transparent, glassy fusion crust had formed on the outside of the rock. Re-inoculated Chroococcidiopsisgrew preferentially under the fusion crust in the relatively unaltered gneiss beneath. Organisms under the fusion grew approximately twice as fast as the organisms on the control rock. Thus, the biologically destructive effects of atmospheric transit can generate entirely novel and improved endolithic habitats for organisms on the destination planetary body that survive the dispersal filter. The experiment advances our understanding of how island biogeography works on the interplanetary scale. Key Words Microbe–mineral interactions—Spacecraft experiments—Mars—Panspermia—Oxygenic photosynthesis. Astrobiology 7(1), 1–9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - QUARRIES & quarrying
KW  - BIOGEOGRAPHY
KW  - GNEISS
KW  - ORGANISMS
KW  - SWITZERLAND
N1  - Accession Number: 24695454; Charles S.  Cockell 1 André  Brack 2 David D.  Wynn-Williams 3 Pietro  Baglioni 4 Franz  Brandstätter 5 René  Demets 4 Howell G.M.  Edwards 6 Aaron L.  Gronstal 1 Gero  Kurat 5 Pascal  Lee 7 Gordon R.  Osinski 8 David A.  Pearce 3 Judith M.  Pillinger 1 Claude-Alain  Roten 9 Suzy  Sancisi-Frey 1; Affiliation:  1: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research, Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom.  2: Centre de Biophysique Moleculaire, CNRS, Orleans, France.  3: British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom.  4: European Space and Technology Centre, Noordwijk, The Netherlands.  5: Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria.  6: Chemical and Forensic Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, United Kingdom.  7: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  8: Canadian Space Agency, St.-Hubert, Quebec, Canada.  9: Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Microbiennes, Faculté de Médicine, Lausanne, Switzerland.; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: QUARRIES & quarrying; Subject Term: BIOGEOGRAPHY; Subject Term: GNEISS; Subject Term: ORGANISMS; Subject Term: SWITZERLAND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212314 Granite mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212313 Crushed and Broken Granite Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jill C.  Tarter
AU  - Peter R.  Backus
AU  - Rocco L.  Mancinelli
AU  - Jonathan M.  Aurnou
AU  - Dana E.  Backman
AU  - Gibor S.  Basri
AU  - Alan P.  Boss
AU  - Andrew  Clarke
AU  - Drake  Deming
AU  - Laurance R.  Doyle
AU  - Eric D.  Feigelson
AU  - Friedmann  Freund
AU  - David H.  Grinspoon
AU  - Robert M.  Haberle
AU  - Steven A.  Hauck
AU  - Martin J.  Heath
AU  - Todd J.  Henry
AU  - Jeffery L.  Hollingsworth
AU  - Manoj M.  Joshi
AU  - Steven  Kilston
T1  - A Reappraisal of The Habitability of Planets around M Dwarf Stars.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 65
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Stable, hydrogen-burning, M dwarf stars make up about 75 of all stars in the Galaxy. They are extremely long-lived, and because they are much smaller in mass than the Sun (between 0.5 and 0.08 MSun), their temperature and stellar luminosity are low and peaked in the red. We have re-examined what is known at present about the potential for a terrestrial planet forming within, or migrating into, the classic liquid–surface–water habitable zone close to an M dwarf star. Observations of protoplanetary disks suggest that planet-building materials are common around M dwarfs, but N-body simulations differ in their estimations of the likelihood of potentially habitable, wet planets that reside within their habitable zones, which are only about one-fifth to 1/50thof the width of that for a G star. Particularly in light of the claimed detection of the planets with masses as small as 5.5 and 7.5 MEarthorbiting M stars, there seems no reason to exclude the possibility of terrestrial planets. Tidally locked synchronous rotation within the narrow habitable zone does not necessarily lead to atmospheric collapse, and active stellar flaring may not be as much of an evolutionarily disadvantageous factor as has previously been supposed. We conclude that M dwarf stars may indeed be viable hosts for planets on which the origin and evolution of life can occur. A number of planetary processes such as cessation of geothermal activity or thermal and nonthermal atmospheric loss processes may limit the duration of planetary habitability to periods far shorter than the extreme lifetime of the M dwarf star. Nevertheless, it makes sense to include M dwarf stars in programs that seek to find habitable worlds and evidence of life. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute. Key Words: Planets—Habitability—M dwarfs–Stars. Astrobiology 7, 30–65. M dwarf star. Observations of protoplanetary disks suggest that planet-building materials are common around M dwarfs, but N-body simulations differ in their estimations of the likelihood of potentially habitable, wet planets that reside within their habitable zones, which are only about one-fifth to 150thof the width of that for a G star. Particularly in light of the claimed detection of the planets with masses as small as 5.5 and 7.5 MEarthorbiting M stars, there seems no reason to exclude the possibility of terrestrial planets. Tidally locked synchronous rotation within the narrow habitable zone does not necessarily lead to atmospheric collapse, and active stellar flaring may not be as much of an evolutionarily disadvantageous factor as has previously been supposed. We conclude that M dwarf stars may indeed be viable hosts for planets on which the origin and evolution of life can occur. A number of planetary processes such as cessation of geothermal activity or thermal and nonthermal atmospheric loss processes may limit the duration of planetary habitability to periods far shorter than the extreme lifetime of the M dwarf star. Nevertheless, it makes sense to include M dwarf stars in programs that seek to find habitable worlds and evidence of life. This paper presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop (http://mstars.seti.org) sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and convened at the SETI Institute. Key Words: Planets—Habitability—M dwarfs—Stars. Astrobiology 7, 30–65. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - M stars
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - HABITABLE planets
N1  - Accession Number: 24695458; Jill C.  Tarter 1 Peter R.  Backus 1 Rocco L.  Mancinelli 1 Jonathan M.  Aurnou 2 Dana E.  Backman 1 Gibor S.  Basri 3 Alan P.  Boss 4 Andrew  Clarke 5 Drake  Deming 6 Laurance R.  Doyle 1 Eric D.  Feigelson 7 Friedmann  Freund 1 David H.  Grinspoon 8 Robert M.  Haberle 9 Steven A.  Hauck 10 Martin J.  Heath 11 Todd J.  Henry 12 Jeffery L.  Hollingsworth 9 Manoj M.  Joshi 13 Steven  Kilston 14; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  2: University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.  3: University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.  4: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C.  5: British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom.  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.  7: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.  8: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado.  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  10: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.  11: Ecospheres Project, Greenwich, United Kingdom.  12: Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.  13: U.K. Meteorological Office, Reading, United Kingdom.  14: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corporation; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p30; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: M stars; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, Kirk A.
AU  - Ripoll, Jean-François
AU  - Wray, Alan A.
AU  - Joseph, David
AU  - El Hafi, Mouna
T1  - On various modeling approaches to radiative heat transfer in pool fires
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 148
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 279
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Six computational methods for solution of the radiative transfer equation in an absorbing–emitting, nonscattering gray medium were compared for a 2-m JP-8 pool fire. The emission temperature and absorption coefficient fields were taken from a synthetic fire due to the lack of a complete set of experimental data for computing radiation for large and fully turbulent fires. These quantities were generated by a code that has been shown to agree well with the limited quantity of relevant data in the literature. Reference solutions to the governing equation were determined using the Monte Carlo method and a ray-tracing scheme with high angular resolution. Solutions using the discrete transfer method (DTM), the discrete ordinates method (DOM) with both and quadratures, and a moment model using the closure were compared to the reference solutions in both isotropic and anisotropic regions of the computational domain. Inside the fire, where radiation is isotropic, all methods gave comparable results with good accuracy. Predictions of DTM agreed well with the reference solutions, which is expected for a technique based on ray tracing. DOM was shown to be more accurate than the commonly used quadrature scheme, especially in anisotropic regions of the fire domain. On the other hand, DOM gives an accurate source term and, in isotropic regions, correct fluxes. The results agreed well with other solution techniques and were comparable to DOM . This represents the first study where the method was applied to a combustion problem occurring in a complex three-dimensional geometry. Future applications of to fires and similar problems are recommended, considering its similar accuracy and the fact that it has significantly lower computational cost than DOM . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - Discrete ordinates
KW  - Discrete transfer
KW  - Fire
KW  - model
KW  - Monte Carlo
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Ray tracing
N1  - Accession Number: 23868675; Jensen, Kirk A. 1; Email Address: kajens@sandia.gov Ripoll, Jean-François 2 Wray, Alan A. 3 Joseph, David 4 El Hafi, Mouna 4; Affiliation:  1: Fire Science and Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185, USA  2: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  3: Physics Simulation and Modeling Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Ecole des Mines d'Albi, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés des Solides Divisés, 81 013 Albi CT Cedex 09, France; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 148 Issue 4, p263; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete ordinates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ray tracing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.09.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, G.P.
T1  - Development and applications of a large scale fluids/structures simulation process on clusters
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 530
EP  - 539
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: A modular process for efficiently solving large-scale multidisciplinary problems using single-image cluster supercomputers is presented. The process integrates disciplines with diverse physical characteristics while retaining the efficiency of individual disciplines. Computational domain independence of individual disciplines is maintained using a meta programming approach. The process integrates disciplines without affecting the combined performance. The procedure includes an efficient load balancing scheme suitable for parallel computers. Results are demonstrated for large-scale aerospace problems. The super scalability and portability of the approach is demonstrated on several parallel supercomputers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - SYSTEMS design
N1  - Accession Number: 23350384; Guruswamy, G.P. 1; Email Address: guru.p.guruswamy@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p530; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers); Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.03.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mattsson, Ken
AU  - Svärd, Magnus
AU  - Carpenter, Mark
AU  - Nordström, Jan
T1  - High-order accurate computations for unsteady aerodynamics
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 636
EP  - 649
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: A high-order accurate finite difference scheme is used to perform numerical studies on the benefit of high-order methods. The main advantage of the present technique is the possibility to prove stability for the linearized Euler equations on a multi-block domain, including the boundary conditions. The result is a robust high-order scheme for realistic applications. Convergence studies are presented, verifying design order of accuracy and the superior efficiency of high-order methods for applications dominated by wave propagation. Furthermore, numerical computations of a more complex problem, a vortex–airfoil interaction, show that high-order methods are necessary to capture the significant flow features for transient problems and realistic grid resolutions. This methodology is easy to parallelize due to the multi-block capability. Indeed, we show that the speedup of our numerical method scales almost linearly with the number of processors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 23350392; Mattsson, Ken 1,2; Email Address: mattsson@stanford.edu Svärd, Magnus 1,2; Email Address: svard@stanford.edu Carpenter, Mark 3 Nordström, Jan 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford, Stanford University, Building 500, CA 94305-3035, USA  2: Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden  3: Computational Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Computational Physics, Division of Systems Technology, The Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-164 90 Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p636; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.02.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Summers, Richard L.
AU  - Martin, David S.
AU  - Meck, Janice V.
AU  - Coleman, Thomas G.
T1  - Computer systems analysis of spaceflight induced changes in left ventricular mass
JO  - Computers in Biology & Medicine
JF  - Computers in Biology & Medicine
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 37
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 358
EP  - 363
SN  - 00104825
AB  - Abstract: Circulatory adaptations resulting in postflight orthostasis have frequently been observed in response to space travel. It has been postulated that a decrement in left ventricular mass (LVM) found after microgravity exposure may be the central component in this cardiovascular deconditioning. However, a physiologic mechanism responsible for these changes in the myocardium has not been determined. In this study, we examined the sequential alterations in echocardiographic measured LVM from preflight to landing day and 3 days into the postflight recovery period. In a previous study in returning astronauts we found a comparative 9.1% reduction in postflight LVM that returned to preflight values by the third day of recovery. This data was further evaluated in a systems analysis approach using a well-established advanced computer model of circulatory functioning. The computer model incorporates the physiologic responses to changes in pressures, flows and hydraulics within the circulatory system as affected by gravitational forces. Myocardial muscle progression to atrophy or hypertrophy in reaction to the circulatory load conditions is also included in the model. The integrative computer analysis suggests that these variations in LVM could be explained by simple fluid shifts known to occur during spaceflight and can reverse within a few days after reentry into earth''s gravity. According to model predictions, the reductions in LVM found upon exposure to microgravity are a result of a contraction of the myocardial interstitial fluid space secondary to a loss in the plasma volume. This hypothesis was additionally supported by the published ground-based study in which we followed the alterations in LVM and plasma volume in normal subjects in which hypovolemia was induced by simple dehydration. In the hypovolemic state, plasma volume was reduced in these subjects and was significantly correlated with echocardiographic measurements of LVM. Based on these experimental findings and the performance of the computer systems analysis it appears that reductions in LVM observed after spaceflight may be secondary to fluid exchanges produced by common physiologic mechanisms. Reductions in LVM observed after microgravity exposure have been previously postulated to be a central component of spaceflight-induced cardiovascular deconditioning. However, a recent study has demonstrated a return of astronauts’ LVM to preflight values by the third day after landing through uncertain mechanisms. A systems analysis approach using computer simulation techniques allows for a dissection of the complex physiologic control processes and a more detailed examination of the phenomena. From the simulation studies and computer analysis it appears that microgravity induced reductions in LVM may be explained by considering physiologic fluid exchanges rather than cardiac muscle atrophy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers in Biology & Medicine is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEFT heart ventricle
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR fitness
KW  - HYPOVOLEMIC anemia
KW  - BLOOD plasma
KW  - Astronaut
KW  - Computer model
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - System analysis
KW  - Venticular mass
N1  - Accession Number: 23672640; Summers, Richard L. 1; Email Address: rsummers@pol.net Martin, David S. 2 Meck, Janice V. 3 Coleman, Thomas G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA  2: Wyle Laboratories, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  3: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, Space and Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  4: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p358; Subject Term: LEFT heart ventricle; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR fitness; Subject Term: HYPOVOLEMIC anemia; Subject Term: BLOOD plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronaut; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: System analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venticular mass; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2006.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hodapp, Klaus W.
AU  - Aldering, Greg
AU  - Meech, Karen J.
AU  - Cochran, Anita L.
AU  - Antilogus, Pierre
AU  - Pécontal, Emmanuel
AU  - Chickering, William
AU  - Blanc, Nathalie
AU  - Copin, Yannick
AU  - Lynch, David K.
AU  - Rudy, Richard J.
AU  - Mazuk, S.
AU  - Venturini, Catherine C.
AU  - Puetter, Richard C.
AU  - Perry, Raleigh B.
T1  - Visible and near-infrared spectrophotometry of the Deep Impact ejecta of Comet 9P/Tempel 1
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 187
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 198
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We have obtained optical spectrophotometry of the evolution of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 after the impact of the Deep Impact probe, using the Supernova Integral Field Spectrograph (SNIFS) at the UH 2.2-m telescope, as well as simultaneous optical and infrared spectra using the Lick Visible-to-Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (VNIRIS). The spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the “violet band” CN (0–0) emission and of the 630 nm [OI] emission was studied. We found that CN emission centered on the nucleus increased in the 2 h after impact, but that this CN emission was delayed compared to the light curve of dust-scattered sunlight. The CN emission also expanded faster than the cloud of scattering dust. The emission of [OI] at 630 nm rose similarly to the scattered light, but then remained nearly constant for several hours after impact. On the day following the impact, both CN and [OI] emission concentrated on the comet nucleus had returned nearly to pre-impact levels. We have also searched for differences in the scattering properties of the dust ejected by the impact compared to the dust released under normal conditions. Compared to the pre-impact state of the comet, we find evidence that the color of the comet was slightly bluer during the post-impact rise in brightness. Long after the impact, in the following nights, the comet colors returned to their pre-impact values. This can be explained by postulating a change to a smaller particle size distribution in the ejecta cloud, in agreement with the findings from mid-infrared observations, or by postulating a large fraction of clean ice particles, or by a combination of these two. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - Comet Tempel 1
KW  - Comets
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 24049071; Hodapp, Klaus W. 1; Email Address: hodapp@ifa.hawaii.edu Aldering, Greg 2 Meech, Karen J. 3 Cochran, Anita L. 4 Antilogus, Pierre 5 Pécontal, Emmanuel 6 Chickering, William 2 Blanc, Nathalie 7 Copin, Yannick 7 Lynch, David K. 8 Rudy, Richard J. 8 Mazuk, S. 8 Venturini, Catherine C. 8 Puetter, Richard C. 9 Perry, Raleigh B. 10; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 640 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  2: Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Physics Div., MS-50/232, One Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, and NASA Astrobiology Institute, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1402, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA  5: Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, IN2P3 - CNRS, Universités Paris VI et Paris VII, 4 Place Jussieu Tour 33 - Rez des chaussée, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France  6: Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon, 9, av. Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France  7: Institut de Physique Nucleéaire de Lyon, UMR5822, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France  8: The Aerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 92957, MS 266, Los Angeles, CA 90009, USA  9: University of California, San Diego, CASS 0424, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA  10: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 160, Science Support Office, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 187 Issue 1, p185; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet Tempel 1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fernández, Y.R.
AU  - Lisse, C.M.
AU  - Kelley, M.S.
AU  - Dello Russo, N.
AU  - Tokunaga, A.T.
AU  - Woodward, C.E.
AU  - Wooden, D.H.
T1  - Near-infrared light curve of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during Deep Impact
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 187
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 227
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: On UT 2005 July 4 we observed Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during its encounter with the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft and impactor. Using the SpeX near-infrared spectrograph mounted on NASA''s Infrared Telescope Facility, we obtained 0.8-to-2.5 μm flux-calibrated spectral light curves of the comet for 12 min before and 14 min after impact. Our cadence was just 1.1 s. The light curve shows constant flux before the impact and an overall brightening trend after the impact, but not at a constant rate. Within a 0.8-arcsec-radius circular aperture, the comet rapidly-brightened by 0.63 mag at 1.2 μm in the first minute. Thereafter, brightening was more modest, averaging about 0.091 mag/min at 1.2 μm, although apparently not quite constant. In addition we see a bluing in the spectrum over the post-impact period of about 0.07 mag in J–H and 0.35 mag in J–K. The majority of this bluing happened in the first minute, and the dust only marginally blued after that, in stark contrast to the continued brightening. The photometric behavior in the light curve is due to a combination of crater formation effects, expansion of the ejecta cloud, and evolution of liberated dust grains. The bluing is likely due to an icy component on those grains, and the icy grains would have had to have a devolatilization timescale longer than 14 min (unless they were shielded by the optical depth of the cloud). The bluing could also have been caused by the decrease in the “typical” size of the dust grains after impact. Ejecta dominated by submicron grains, as inferred from other observations, would have stronger scattering at shorter wavelengths than the much larger grains observed before impact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHIC methods
KW  - INFRARED telescopes
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photography
KW  - Comet Tempel-1
KW  - Infrared observations
N1  - Accession Number: 24049074; Fernández, Y.R. 1; Email Address: yan@physics.ucf.edu Lisse, C.M. 2 Kelley, M.S. 3 Dello Russo, N. 2 Tokunaga, A.T. 4 Woodward, C.E. 3 Wooden, D.H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2385, USA  2: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  4: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  5: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 187 Issue 1, p220; Subject Term: GRAPHIC methods; Subject Term: INFRARED telescopes; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet Tempel-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tao Tong
AU  - Yang Zhao
AU  - Delzeit, Lance
AU  - Au Kashani
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Majumdar, Arun
T1  - Dense Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Arrays as Thermal Interface Materials.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 100
SN  - 15213331
AB  - Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are being considered as thermal interface materials (TIMs). Using a phase sensitive transient thermo-reflectance technique, we measure the thermal conductance of the two interfaces on each side of a vertically aligned CNT array as well as the CNT array itself. We show that the physically bonded interface by van der Waals adhesion has a conductance ∼10 ∼ W/m²K and is the dominant resistance. We also demonstrate that by bonding the free-end CNT tips to a target surface with the help of a thin layer of indium weld, the conductance can be increased to ,∼106 W/m²K making it attractive as a TIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - SOLDER & soldering
KW  - INDIUM
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - Carbon nanotube (CNT)
KW  - multiwalled
KW  - thermal interface material (TIM)
KW  - thermo-reflectance
N1  - Accession Number: 24685886; Tao Tong 1; Email Address: ttong@me.berkeley.edu Yang Zhao 2 Delzeit, Lance 3 Au Kashani 2 Meyyappan, M. 3 Majumdar, Arun 1,4; Email Address: majumdar@me.berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.  2: Atlas Scientific, Inc., San Jose, CA 95120 USA.  3: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  4: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p92; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: SOLDER & soldering; Subject Term: INDIUM; Subject Term: ADHESION; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube (CNT); Author-Supplied Keyword: multiwalled; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal interface material (TIM); Author-Supplied Keyword: thermo-reflectance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333992 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TCAPT.2007.892079
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phillips, Thomas A.
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - METAL-FERROELECTRIC-SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR NAND GATE SWITCHING TIME ANALYSIS.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 89
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 180
EP  - 188
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Previous research investigated the modeling of a NAND gate constructed of n-channel Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MFSFETs) to obtain voltage transfer curves. This paper investigates the MFSFET NAND gate switching time propagation delay, which is one of the other important parameters required to characterize the performance of a logic gate. Initially, the switching time of an inverter circuit was analyzed. The low-to-high and high-to-low propagation time delays were calculated. The MFSFETs were simulated by using a previously developed model which utilized a partitioned ferroelectric layer. Then the switching time of a 2-input NAND gate was analyzed similarly to the inverter gate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - FERROELECTRICITY
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
KW  - logic gate
KW  - MFSFET
KW  - NAND gate
N1  - Accession Number: 24827274; Phillips, Thomas A. 1; Email Address: Thomas.A.Phillips@nasa.gov MacLeod, Todd C. 1 Ho, Fat D. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center. Huntsville, Alabama, 35812. USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville. Huntsville, Alabama, 35899. USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 89 Issue 1, p180; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: logic gate; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFSFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: NAND gate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580601077765
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Shpargel, T. P.
AU  - Asthana, R.
T1  - Brazing of Stainless Steel to Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Using Gold-Based Brazes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Applications.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 133
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Two gold-base active metal brazes (gold-ABA and gold-ABA-V) were evaluated for oxidation resistance to 850°C, and used to join yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to a corrosion-resistant ferritic stainless steel for possible use in solid oxide fuel cells. Thermogravimetric analysis and optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to evaluate the braze oxidation behavior, and microstructure and composition of the YSZ/braze/steel joints. Both gold-ABA and gold-ABA-V exhibited nearly linear oxidation kinetics at 850°C, with gold-ABA-V showing faster oxidation than gold-ABA. Both brazes produced metallurgically sound YSZ/steel joints due to chemical interactions of Ti and V with the YSZ and steel substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GOLD
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - FERRITIC steel
KW  - STAINLESS steel
N1  - Accession Number: 24594581; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: msingh@grc.nasa.gov Shpargel, T. P. 2 Asthana, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: ASRC Aerospace, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin 54751; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p119; Subject Term: GOLD; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: FERRITIC steel; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2007.02126.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Finley, Tom D.
T1  - Advancements in Aircraft Model Force and Attitude Instrumentation by Integrating Statistical Methods.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 436
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Applying statistical methods in conjunction with instrumentation expertise has resulted in a dramatic reduction in calibration time and expense, while simultaneously improving the calibration quality. In this paper, we illustrate the application of response surface methodology and statistical quality control to two quintessential instruments used in aeronautical wind-tunnel experiments, namely, the force balance and the triaxial accelerometer. We emphasize the benefits that have been achieved by integrating the statistical design with the mechanical calibration system. For both instruments, we discuss the development of an experimental design that accommodates physics-based constraints and highlight an innovative calibration apparatus. As a result of reduced calibration time, the frequency of calibration can be increased, which enables the monitoring of instrument stability over time. Throughout the calibration process, we emphasize efficient allocation of experimental resources to achieve the calibration requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
KW  - STATISTICAL quality control
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
N1  - Accession Number: 25312160; Parker, Peter A. 1 Finley, Tom D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Mar/Apr2007, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p436; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Subject Term: STATISTICAL quality control; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.23060
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
T1  - Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes Analysis of Zero Efflux Flow Control over a Hump Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 444
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The unsteady flow over a hump model with zero efflux oscillatory flow control is modeled computationally using the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. Three different turbulence models produce similar results and do a reasonably good job predicting the general character of the unsteady surface pressure coefficients during the forced cycle. However, the turbulent shear stresses are underpredicted in magnitude inside the separation bubble, and the computed results predict too large a (mean) separation bubble compared with experiment. These missed predictions are consistent with earlier steady-state results using no-flow control and steady suction, from a 2004 CFD validation workshop for synthetic jets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET planes
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - BUBBLE dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 25312161; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Mar/Apr2007, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p444; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: BUBBLE dynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.23514
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Aeromechanics Analysis of a Heavy Lift Slowed-Rotor Compound Helicopter.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/03//Mar/Apr2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 503
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A heavy lift slowed-rotor tandem compound helicopter was designed as a part of the NASA heavy lift rotorcraft systems investigation. The vehicle is required to carry 120 passengers over a range of 1200 nautical miles and cruise at 350 knots at an altitude of 30,000 feet. The basic size of the helicopter was determined by the United States Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate's design code RotorCraft. Then performance, loads, and stability analyses were conducted with the Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Design II. Blade structural design (blade inertial and structural properties) was carried out using the loading condition from the Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Design II. A rotor parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects of the twist, collective, tip speed, and taper on aircraft performance. Designs were also developed for alternate missions to explore the influence of the design condition on performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 25312167; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1; Email Address: hsyeo@mail.arc.nasa.gov Johnson, Wayne 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Mar/Apr2007, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p501; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.23905
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25312167&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McAdams, Daniel A.
AU  - Comella, David
AU  - Tumer, Irem Y.
T1  - Exploring Effective Methods for Simulating Damaged Structures With Geometric Variation: Toward Intelligent Failure Detection.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 74
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 202
SN  - 00218936
AB  - Inaccuracies in the modeling assumptions about the distributional characteristics of the monitored signatures have been shown to cause frequent false positives in vehicle monitoring systems for high-risk aerospace applications. To enable the development of robust fault detection methods, this work explores the deterministic as well as variational characteristics of failure signatures. Specifically, we explore the combined impact of crack damage and manufacturing variation on the vibrational characteristics of beams. The transverse vibration and associated eigenfrequencies of the beams are considered. Two different approaches are used to model beam vibrations with and without crack damage. The first approach uses a finite difference approach to enable the inclusion of both cracks and manufacturing variation. The crack model used with both approaches is based on a localized decrease in the Young's modulus. The second approach uses Myklestad's method to evaluate the effects of cracks and manufacturing variation. Using both beam models, Monte Carlo simulations are used to explore the impacts of manufacturing variation on damaged and undamaged beams. Derivations are presented for both models. Conclusions are presented on the choice of modeling techniques to define crack damage, and its impact on the monitored signal, followed by conclusions about the distributional characteristics of the monitored signatures when exposed to random manufacturing variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - GIRDERS -- Vibration
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 24580981; McAdams, Daniel A. 1; Email Address: dmcadams@umr.edu Comella, David 1 Tumer, Irem Y. 2; Email Address: itumer@maiharc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Missouri--Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409-0050  2: Complex Systems Design Group, Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 74 Issue 2, p191; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: GIRDERS -- Vibration; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2188535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24580981&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiriaco, M.
AU  - Chepfer, H.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Haeffelin, M.
AU  - Platnick, S.
AU  - Baumgardner, D.
AU  - Dubuisson, P.
AU  - McGill, M.
AU  - Noël, V.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Spangenberg, D.
AU  - Sun-Mack, S.
AU  - Wind, G.
T1  - Comparison of CALIPSO-Like, LaRC, and MODIS Retrievals of Ice-Cloud Properties over SIRTA in France and Florida during CRYSTAL-FACE.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 272
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This study compares cirrus-cloud properties and, in particular, particle effective radius retrieved by a Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)-like method with two similar methods using Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS), and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite imagery. The CALIPSO-like method uses lidar measurements coupled with the split-window technique that uses the infrared spectral information contained at the 8.65-, 11.15-, and 12.05-μm bands to infer the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds. The two other methods, using passive remote sensing at visible and infrared wavelengths, are the operational MODIS cloud products (using 20 spectral bands from visible to infrared, referred to by its archival product identifier MOD06 for MODIS Terra) and MODIS retrievals performed by the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) team at Langley Research Center (LaRC) in support of CERES algorithms (using 0.65-, 3.75-, 10.8-, and 12.05-μm bands); the two algorithms will be referred to as the MOD06 and LaRC methods, respectively. The three techniques are compared at two different latitudes. The midlatitude ice-clouds study uses 16 days of observations at the Palaiseau ground-based site in France [Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique (SIRTA)], including a ground-based 532-nm lidar and the MODIS overpasses on the Terra platform. The tropical ice-clouds study uses 14 different flight legs of observations collected in Florida during the intensive field experiment known as the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers–Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE), including the airborne cloud-physics lidar and the MAS. The comparison of the three methods gives consistent results for the particle effective radius and the optical thickness but discrepancies in cloud detection and altitudes. The study confirms the value of an active remote sensing method (CALIPSO like) for the study of subvisible ice clouds, in both the midlatitudes and Tropics. Nevertheless, this method is not reliable in optically very thick tropical ice clouds, because of their particular microphysical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - FIELD work (Research)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - GEOGRAPHICAL positions
KW  - FRANCE
KW  - FLORIDA
N1  - Accession Number: 24580841; Chiriaco, M. 1; Email Address: chiriaco@lmd.polytechnique.fr Chepfer, H. 1 Minnis, P. 2 Haeffelin, M. 1 Platnick, S. 3 Baumgardner, D. 4 Dubuisson, P. 5 McGill, M. 3 Noël, V. 2 Pelon, J. 6 Spangenberg, D. 7 Sun-Mack, S. 8 Wind, G. 9; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, Palaiseau, France.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.  4: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.  5: ELICO, Université du Littoral, Dunkerque, France.  6: Service d’Aéronomie, IPSL, Paris, France.  7: AS&M, Inc., Hampton, Virginia.  8: SAIC, Hampton, Virginia.  9: SSAI, Lanham, Maryland.; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p249; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: FIELD work (Research); Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHICAL positions; Subject Term: FRANCE; Subject Term: FLORIDA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 11 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAM2435.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24580841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maslov, A. V.
AU  - Ning, C. Z.
T1  - Interpretation of distributed-feedback-laser spectrum using reflection properties of Bloch waves.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2007/03//3/1/2007
VL  - 101
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 053117
EP  - N.Pag
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We demonstrate that the phase and amplitude of the reflection coefficient for Bloch waves can be useful tools in understanding and predicting the spectral characteristics of distributed-feedback lasers. We further apply the Bloch wave formalism for engineering the asymmetry of the spectral response with respect to the gap through a judicious termination of the laser facets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - LASERS
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 24422133; Maslov, A. V. 1 Ning, C. Z. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035 and Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287; Source Info: 3/1/2007, Vol. 101 Issue 5, p053117; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2437575
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24422133&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Twigg, M. E.
AU  - Bassim, N. D.
AU  - Mastro, M. A.
AU  - Eddy, C. R.
AU  - Henry, R. L.
AU  - Culbertson, J. C.
AU  - Holm, R. T.
AU  - Neudeck, P.
AU  - Powell, J. A.
AU  - Trunek, A. J.
T1  - Strain relief and dislocation motion in III-nitride films grown on stepped and step-free 4H-SiC mesas.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2007/03//3/1/2007
VL  - 101
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 053509
EP  - N.Pag
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The impetus for dislocation motion in thin films is generally understood in terms of Peach-Koehler forces. For the case of III-nitride films grown on step-free 4H-SiC mesas, however, it is the gradient of the strain energy from the mesa edge that is capable of driving misfit dislocations. Using the strain profile as a function of the distance from the mesa edge and the line tension of the c-plane threading arms, we have calculated the excess stress driving the half loop from the mesa edge into the mesa interior. We have also compared the half-loop excess stress with the excess stress driving the tilt of threading edge dislocations, which has been proposed as one of the principal strain relief mechanisms in III-nitride films. The excess stress driving c-plane half loops ranges from a few 1000 MPa at the mesa edge to few 100 MPa towards the mesa interior, while the excess stress driving the tilt of threading edge dislocations is in excess of 20 000 MPa. The greater excess stress driving dislocation tilt, however, does not dominate strain relief for III-nitride films on step-free SiC mesas due to the difficulty in nucleating threading dislocations in the absence of interfacial steps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITRIDES
KW  - THIN films
KW  - FACTOR analysis
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 24422241; Twigg, M. E. 1 Bassim, N. D. 1 Mastro, M. A. 1 Eddy, C. R. 1 Henry, R. L. 1 Culbertson, J. C. 1 Holm, R. T. 1 Neudeck, P. 2 Powell, J. A. 3 Trunek, A. J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: OAI, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Sest Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 3/1/2007, Vol. 101 Issue 5, p053509; Subject Term: NITRIDES; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: FACTOR analysis; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2435068
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24422241&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Parker, Lindsay
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Branson, Mark
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part II: Tropical Convective Cloud Objects during 1998 El Niño and Evidence for Supporting the Fixed Anvil Temperature Hypothesis.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 819
EP  - 842
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Characteristics of tropical deep convective cloud objects observed over the tropical Pacific during January–August 1998 are examined using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission/Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data. These characteristics include the frequencies of occurrence and statistical distributions of cloud physical properties. Their variations with cloud object size, sea surface temperature (SST), and satellite precession cycle are analyzed in detail. A cloud object is defined as a contiguous patch of the earth composed of satellite footprints within a single dominant cloud-system type. It is found that statistical distributions of cloud physical properties are significantly different among three size categories of cloud objects with equivalent diameters of 100–150 (small), 150–300 (medium), and >300 km (large), except for the distributions of ice particle size. The distributions for the larger-size category of cloud objects are more skewed toward high SSTs, high cloud tops, low cloud-top temperature, large ice water path, high cloud optical depth, low outgoing longwave (LW) radiation, and high albedo than the smaller-size category. As SST varied from one satellite precession cycle to another, the changes in macrophysical properties of cloud objects over the entire tropical Pacific were small for the large-size category of cloud objects, relative to those of the small- and medium-size categories. This evidence supports the fixed anvil temperature hypothesis of Hartmann and Larson for the large-size category. Combined with the result that a higher percentage of the large-size category of cloud objects occurs during higher SST subperiods, this implies that macrophysical properties of cloud objects would be less sensitive to further warming of the climate. On the other hand, when cloud objects are classified according to SST ranges, statistical characteristics of cloud microphysical properties, optical depth, and albedo are not sensitive to the SST, but those of cloud macrophysical properties are dependent upon the SST. This result is related to larger differences in large-scale dynamics among the SST ranges than among the satellite precession cycles. Frequency distributions of vertical velocity from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts model that is matched to each cloud object are used to further understand some of the findings in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - ANVILS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RAINFALL anomalies
KW  - RAINFALL probabilities
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - STUDY & teaching
N1  - Accession Number: 24252614; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov Wong, Takmeng 1 Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Parker, Lindsay 2 Bing Lin 1 Eitzen, Zachary A. 3 Branson, Mark 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  3: NASA Langley Research Center, and Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  4: Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p819; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ANVILS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RAINFALL anomalies; Subject Term: RAINFALL probabilities; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: STUDY & teaching; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332113 Forging; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 12 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI4069.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24252614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bin Chen
AU  - Hou Tee Ng
AU  - Chonglin Chen
T1  - Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy investigations of ZnO nanostructures.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Nanoscience
JF  - Journal of Experimental Nanoscience
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 2
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 62
SN  - 17458080
AB  - We discuss Raman and photoluminescence (PL) studies of ZnO in solid, thin film and nanowire samples. Resonant laser excitations ranging from near-infrared to ultraviolet are used in order to observe and analyse ZnO nanostructures. The changes of optical emission and electronic bandgap response to the vibration modes are studied simultaneously by PL and Raman spectroscopy. Both Raman and PL spectroscopy analyses of nanostructure, electronic bandgaps and photo-emission demonstrate that nanostructure geometry, including its aspect ratio, and phonon-electron interactions play important roles in polar semiconductor structures such as ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Nanoscience is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - THIN films
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - ZINC oxide
KW  - Photoluminescence spectroscopy
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - Thin films
KW  - Zinc oxide nanostructures
N1  - Accession Number: 24404113; Bin Chen 1; Email Address: bchen@mail.arc.nasa.gov Hou Tee Ng Chonglin Chen 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 2 Issue 1/2, p57; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: ZINC oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoluminescence spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zinc oxide nanostructures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/17458080601013512
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24404113&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamakov, V.
AU  - Saether, E.
AU  - Phillips, D. R.
AU  - Glaessgen, E. H.
T1  - Dynamics of nanoscale grain-boundary decohesion in aluminum by molecular-dynamics simulation.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 42
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1466
EP  - 1476
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The dynamics and energetics of intergranular crack growth along a flat grain boundary in aluminum is studied by a molecular-dynamics simulation model for crack propagation under steady-state conditions. Using the ability of the molecular-dynamics simulation to identify atoms involved in different atomistic mechanisms, it was possible to identify the energy contribution of different processes taking place during crack growth. The energy contributions were divided as: elastic energy—defined as the potential energy of the atoms in fcc crystallographic state; and plastically stored energy—the energy of stacking faults and twin boundaries; grain-boundary and surface energy. In addition, monitoring the amount of heat exchange with the molecular-dynamics thermostat gives the energy dissipated as heat in the system. The energetic analysis indicates that the majority of energy in a fast growing crack is dissipated as heat. This dissipation increases linearly at low speed, and faster than linear at speeds approaching 1/3 the Rayleigh wave speed when the crack tip becomes dynamically unstable producing periodic dislocation bursts until the crack is blunted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in metals
N1  - Accession Number: 24207331; Yamakov, V. 1; Email Address: yamakov@nianet.org Saether, E. 2 Phillips, D. R. 3 Glaessgen, E. H. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 42 Issue 5, p1466; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-006-1176-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24207331&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Hannigan, James W.
AU  - Wood, Stephen W.
AU  - Chiou, Linda S.
AU  - Mahieu, Emmanuel
T1  - Long-term trends of tropospheric carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide from analysis of high resolution infrared solar spectra
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 51
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Long-term trend and seasonal variation of the mean free tropospheric volume mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN) have been derived from analysis of a time series of solar absorption spectra recorded from the US National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak (31.9°N, 111.6°W, 2.09km altitude) spanning almost three decades. The results of a fit to the CO 258 daily averages from May 1977 to April 2005 as a function of time with a model that assumes a sinusoidal seasonal cycle and a linear long-term trend with time yield a mean volume mixing ratio of parts per billion ( per unit volume) below 10km altitude, 1 sigma. The CO measurements show a seasonal cycle with a maximum in March and a minimum in September with an amplitude of relative to the mean. The best-fit corresponds to a long-term CO trend of , 1 sigma, relative to the mean. To quantify the possible impact of periods of intense fires, the CO measurements have been compared with the measurements of HCN, a well-documented emission product of biomass burning with a lifetime of months. The best fit to the full HCN time series of 208 daily averages from May 1978 to April 2005 results in a mean volume mixing ratio of below 10km altitude with a similar seasonal cycle, though with a lower relative amplitude than for CO. Although same-day enhancements up to a factor of 1.87 for HCN and 1.24 for CO were measured relative to values predicted by a fit to the time series that accounts for the seasonal cycles and trends of both molecules, excluding time periods of elevated fire emissions has no significant impact on the best-fit long-term free tropospheric CO and HCN trends. Our result of no long-term CO trend since the late 1970s suggests that the global average long-term decline reported from 1990 through 1995 measurements has not continued in the free troposphere. Similarly, a fit to the full time series of 208 HCN free tropospheric daily averages with the same model yields an average 2.09–10km mixing ratio of 0.219ppbv and a long-term trend of , 1 sigma, relative to the mean since 1978, also indicating no significant long-term trend above the lower mid-latitude continental US Kitt Peak station. The results for both molecules suggest the site was not significantly impacted by summer boreal fires during the time span of the measurements that in some years cause widespread pollution above northern higher latitude sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - POISONOUS gases
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Hydrogen cyanide
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 23052495; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Goldman, Aaron 2 Hannigan, James W. 3 Wood, Stephen W. 4 Chiou, Linda S. 5 Mahieu, Emmanuel 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Atmospheric Sciences Competency, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Denver, 2112E. Wesley Ave, Denver, CO 80208, USA  3: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  4: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Lauder, Private Bag 50061, Omakau, Central Otago, New Zealand  5: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, VA, USA  6: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Belgium; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 104 Issue 1, p40; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: POISONOUS gases; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen cyanide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.08.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=23052495&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luo, Yali
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part III: Comparison with Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of Tropical Convective Clouds.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 762
EP  - 785
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The present study evaluates the ability of a cloud-resolving model (CRM) to simulate the physical properties of tropical deep convective cloud objects identified from a Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data product. The emphasis of this study is the comparisons among the small-, medium-, and large-size categories of cloud objects observed during March 1998 and between the large-size categories of cloud objects observed during March 1998 (strong El Niño) and March 2000 (weak La Niña). Results from the CRM simulations are analyzed in a way that is consistent with the CERES retrieval algorithm and they are averaged to match the scale of the CERES satellite footprints. Cloud physical properties are analyzed in terms of their summary histograms for each category. It is found that there is a general agreement in the overall shapes of all cloud physical properties between the simulated and observed distributions. Each cloud physical property produced by the CRM also exhibits different degrees of disagreement with observations over different ranges of the property. The simulated cloud tops are generally too high and cloud-top temperatures are too low except for the large-size category of March 1998. The probability densities of the simulated top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) albedos for all four categories are underestimated for high albedos, while those of cloud optical depth are overestimated at its lowest bin. These disagreements are mainly related to uncertainties in the cloud microphysics parameterization and inputs such as cloud ice effective size to the radiation calculation. Summary histograms of cloud optical depth and TOA albedo from the CRM simulations of the large-size category of cloud objects do not differ significantly between the March 1998 and 2000 periods, consistent with the CERES observations. However, the CRM is unable to reproduce the significant differences in the observed cloud-top height while it overestimates the differences in the observed outgoing longwave radiation and cloud-top temperature between the two periods. Comparisons between the CRM results and the observations for most parameters in March 1998 consistently show that both the simulations and observations have larger differences between the large- and small-size categories than between the large- and medium-size, or between the medium- and small-size categories. However, the simulated cloud properties do not change as much with size as observed. These disagreements are likely related to the spatial averaging of the forcing data and the mismatch in time and space between the numerical weather prediction model from which the forcing data are produced and the CERES observed cloud systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 24483918; Luo, Yali 1,2; Email Address: yali@nianet.org Xu, Kuan-Man 3 Wielicki, Bruce A. 3 Wong, Takmeng 3 Eitzen, Zachary A. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666-6147.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p762; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS3871.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24483918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, Clark
AU  - da Silva, Arlindo
AU  - Chin, Mian
AU  - Ginoux, Paul
AU  - Dubovik, Oleg
AU  - Flittner, Dave
AU  - Zia, Aahmad
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Holben, Brent
AU  - Gregg, Watson
T1  - Direct Insertion of MODIS Radiances in a Global Aerosol Transport Model.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 808
EP  - 826
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - In this paper results are presented from a simple offline assimilation system that uses radiances from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) channels that sense atmospheric aerosols over land and ocean. The MODIS information is directly inserted into the Goddard Chemistry and Aerosol Radiation Transport model (GOCART), which simulates the following five aerosol types: dust, sea salt, black carbon, organic carbon, and sulfate. The goal is to produce three-dimensional fields of these aerosol types for radiative forcing calculations. Products from this assimilation system are compared with ground-based measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). Insertion of MODIS radiances draws the GOCART model closer to the AERONET AOD. However, there are still uncertainties with surface reflectivity over moderately bright surfaces and with the amount of absorbing aerosol. Also described is the assimilation cycle. The forward model takes the aerosol information from the GOCART model and calculates radiances based on optical parameters of the aerosol type, satellite viewing angle, and the particle growth from relative humidity. Because the GOCART model is driven by previously assimilated meteorology, these forward model radiances can be directly compared with the observed MODIS level-2 radiances. The offline assimilation system simply adjusts the aerosol loading in the GOCART model so that the observed minus forward model radiances agree. Minimal change is made to the GOCART aerosol vertical distribution, size distribution, and the ratio of the five different aerosol types. The loading in the GOCART model is updated with new MODIS observations every 6 h. Since the previously assimilated meteorology provides surface wind speed, radiance sensitivity to wind speed over rough ocean is taken into account. Over land the dark target approach, also used by the MODIS–atmosphere group retrieval, is used. If the underlying land surface is deemed dark enough, the surface reflectances at the 0.47- and 0.66-μm wavelengths are constant multiples of the observed 2.13-μm reflectance. Over ocean the assimilation AOD compares well with AERONET, over land less so. The results herein are also compared with AERONET-retrieved single-scattering albedo. This research is part of an ongoing effort at NASA Goddard to integrate aerosols into the Goddard Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - SEA salt aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - DUST
N1  - Accession Number: 24483932; Weaver, Clark 1,2; Email Address: weaver@blueberry.gsfc.nasa.gov da Silva, Arlindo 3 Chin, Mian 4 Ginoux, Paul 5 Dubovik, Oleg 6,7 Flittner, Dave 8 Zia, Aahmad 4 Remer, Lorraine 9 Holben, Brent 6 Gregg, Watson 10; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 613.3, Greenbelt, MD 20771.  3: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  4: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland  5: NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey  6: Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland  7: Laboraitoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France  8: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia  9: Climate and Radiation Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland  10: Ice and Ocean Branch, NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p808; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: WIND speed; Subject Term: SEA salt aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: DUST; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS3838.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24483932&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Smith Sr., William L.
AU  - Liu, Xu
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Mango, Stephen A.
AU  - Huang, Hung-Lung
T1  - Physically Retrieving Cloud and Thermodynamic Parameters from Ultraspectral IR Measurements.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 64
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 969
EP  - 982
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - A physical inversion scheme has been developed dealing with cloudy as well as cloud-free radiance observed with ultraspectral infrared sounders to simultaneously retrieve surface, atmospheric thermodynamic, and cloud microphysical parameters. A fast radiative transfer model, which applies to the clouded atmosphere, is used for atmospheric profile and cloud parameter retrieval. A one-dimensional (1D) variational multivariable inversion solution is used to improve an iterative background state defined by an eigenvector-regression retrieval. The solution is iterated in order to account for nonlinearity in the 1D variational solution. It is shown that relatively accurate temperature and moisture retrievals can be achieved below optically thin clouds. For optically thick clouds, accurate temperature and moisture profiles down to cloud-top level are obtained. For both optically thin and thick cloud situations, the cloud-top height can be retrieved with relatively high accuracy (i.e., error <1 km). National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed Interferometer (NAST-I) retrievals from the The Observing-System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Atlantic Regional Campaign are compared with coincident observations obtained from dropsondes and the nadir-pointing cloud physics lidar (CPL). This work was motivated by the need to obtain solutions for atmospheric soundings from infrared radiances observed for every individual field of view, regardless of cloud cover, from future ultraspectral geostationary satellite sounding instruments, such as the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS). However, this retrieval approach can also be applied to the ultraspectral sounding instruments to fly on polar satellites, such as the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) on the European MetOp satellite, the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) on the NPOESS Preparatory Project, and the follow-on NPOESS series of satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 24483914; Zhou, Daniel K. 1,2; Email Address: daniel.k.zhou@nasa.gov Smith Sr., William L. 3 Liu, Xu 1 Larar, Allen M. 1 Mango, Stephen A. 4 Huang, Hung-Lung 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Corresponding author address: Daniel K. Zhou, Mail Stop 401A, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, and University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  4: NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland  5: University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 64 Issue 3, p969; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS3877.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24483914&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Ruiterkamp, Richard
AU  - Peeters, Zan
AU  - Foing, Bernard
AU  - Salama, Farid
AU  - Martins, Zita
T1  - The ORGANICS experiment on BIOPAN V: UV and space exposure of aromatic compounds
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 400
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We studied the stability of aromatic compounds in low Earth orbit environment and describe the scientific results and successful flight of the ORGANICS experiment on-board the BIOPAN V space exposure facility. This experiment investigated the photo stability of large organic molecules in low Earth orbit. Thin films of selected organic molecules, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the fullerene C60 were subjected to the low Earth orbit environment and the samples were monitored before and after flight. PAHs and fullerenes have been proposed as carriers for a number of astronomical absorption and emission features and are also identified in meteorites. Our experiment on BIOPAN V was exposed to a total fluence of 602.45kJm−2 for photons in the range 170–280nm. The experiment was also intended as a hardware test-flight for a long-term exposure experiment (Survival of organics in space) on the EXPOSE facility on the International Space Station (ISS). For the small fluence that was collected during the BIOPAN V experiment we found little evidence of photo-destruction. The results confirm that PAH molecules are very stable compounds in space. The small differences in destruction rates that are expected to arise among the PAH samples as a function of molecular size and structure will only show after the longer irradiation fluences that are expected in the exposure experiment on the ISS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SPACE ships
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - Biopan
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Interstellar molecules
KW  - Low earth orbit exposure
KW  - PAHs
KW  - Photo-stability
KW  - Space research
N1  - Accession Number: 24047275; Ehrenfreund, Pascale 1; Email Address: p.ehrenfreund@chem.leidenuniv.nl Ruiterkamp, Richard 1 Peeters, Zan 1 Foing, Bernard 2 Salama, Farid 3 Martins, Zita 1; Affiliation:  1: Astrobiology Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  2: ESA Research and Scientific Support Department, P.O. Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p383; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE ships; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biopan; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low earth orbit exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAHs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photo-stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jungeun Lee
AU  - Kun He
AU  - Stoic, Viktor
AU  - Horim Lee
AU  - Figueroa, Pablo
AU  - Ying Gao
AU  - Tongprasit, Warapom
AU  - Hongyu Zhao
AU  - Ilha Lee
AU  - Denga, Xing Wang
T1  - Analysis of Transcription Factor HY5 Genomic Binding Sites Revealed Its Hierarchical Role in Light Regulation of Development.
JO  - Plant Cell
JF  - Plant Cell
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 731
EP  - 749
SN  - 10404651
AB  - The transcription factor LONG HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) acts downstream of multiple families of the photoreceptors and promotes photomorphogenesis. Although it is well accepted that HY5 acts to regulate target gene expression, in vivo binding of HY5 to any of its target gene promoters has yet to be demonstrated. Here, we used a chromatin immunoprecipitation procedure to verify suspected in vivo HY5 binding sites. We demonstrated that in vivo association of HY5 with promoter targets is not altered under distinct light qualities or during light-to-dark transition. Coupled with DNA chip hybridization using a high-density 60-nucleotide oligomer microarray that contains one probe for every 500 nucleotides over the entire Arabidopsis thaliana genome, we mapped genome-wide in vivo HY5 binding sites. This analysis showed that HY5 binds preferentially to promoter regions in vivo and revealed >3000 chromosomal sites as putative HY5 binding targets. HY5 binding targets tend to be enriched in the early light-responsive genes and transcription factor genes. Our data thus support a model in which HY5 is a high hierarchical regulator of the transcriptional cascades for photomorphogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant Cell is the property of American Society of Plant Physiologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - BINDING sites (Biochemistry)
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - HYBRIDIZATION
KW  - GENES
KW  - PLANT photomorphogenesis
N1  - Accession Number: 25329834; Jungeun Lee 1,2 Kun He 3 Stoic, Viktor 1,4 Horim Lee 2 Figueroa, Pablo 1 Ying Gao 1,3 Tongprasit, Warapom 5 Hongyu Zhao 6 Ilha Lee 2; Email Address: ilhalee@snu.ac.kr Denga, Xing Wang 3; Email Address: Xing.wang.deng@yale.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8104  2: Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea  3: Peking-Yale Joint Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, Center for Bioinformatics, National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering and College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China  4: Genome Research Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94087  6: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p731; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: BINDING sites (Biochemistry); Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: HYBRIDIZATION; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: PLANT photomorphogenesis; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mahmoud, Mahmoud A.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Woodall, William H.
AU  - Hawkins, Douglas M.
T1  - A change point method for linear profile data.
JO  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
JF  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 247
EP  - 268
SN  - 07488017
AB  - We propose a change point approach based on the segmented regression technique for testing the constancy of the regression parameters in a linear profile data set. Each sample collected over time in the historical data set consists of several bivariate observations for which a simple linear regression model is appropriate. The change point approach is based on the likelihood ratio test for a change in one or more regression parameters. We compare the performance of this method to that of the most effective Phase I linear profile control chart approaches using a simulation study. The advantages of the change point method over the existing methods are greatly improved detection of sustained step changes in the process parameters and improved diagnostic tools to determine the sources of profile variation and the location(s) of the change point(s). Also, we give an approximation for appropriate thresholds for the test statistic. The use of the change point method is demonstrated using a data set from a calibration application at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality & Reliability Engineering International is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - calibration
KW  - functional data
KW  - likelihood ratio
KW  - panel data
KW  - segmented regression
KW  - simple linear regression
KW  - statistical process control
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24091975; Mahmoud, Mahmoud A. 1 Parker, Peter A. 2 Woodall, William H. 3 Hawkins, Douglas M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, U.S.A.  3: Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0439, U.S.A.  4: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p247; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: functional data; Author-Supplied Keyword: likelihood ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: panel data; Author-Supplied Keyword: segmented regression; Author-Supplied Keyword: simple linear regression; Author-Supplied Keyword: statistical process control; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lutz, Robyn
AU  - Patterson-Hine, Ann
AU  - Nelson, Stacy
AU  - Frost, Chad
AU  - Tal, Doron
AU  - Harris, Robert
T1  - Using obstacle analysis to identify contingency requirements on an unpiloted aerial vehicle.
JO  - Requirements Engineering
JF  - Requirements Engineering
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 54
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09473602
AB  - This paper describes the use of Obstacle Analysis to identify anomaly handling requirements for a safety-critical, autonomous system. The software requirements for the system evolved during operations due to an on-going effort to increase the autonomous system’s robustness. The resulting increase in autonomy also increased system complexity. This investigation used Obstacle Analysis to identify and to reason incrementally about new requirements for handling failures and other anomalous events. Results reported in the paper show that Obstacle Analysis complemented standard safety-analysis techniques in identifying undesirable behaviors and ways to resolve them. The step-by-step use of Obstacle Analysis identified potential side effects and missing monitoring and control requirements. Adding an Availability Indicator and feature-interaction patterns proved useful for the analysis of obstacle resolutions. The paper discusses the consequences of these results in terms of the adoption of Obstacle Analysis to analyze anomaly handling requirements in evolving systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Requirements Engineering is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOFTWARE engineering
KW  - ANOMALY detection (Computer security)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - SYSTEM safety
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - SOFTWARE failures
KW  - Anomaly handling
KW  - Autonomy
KW  - Contingency requirements
KW  - Obstacle analysis
KW  - Requirements evolution
KW  - Safety-critical software
N1  - Accession Number: 22978793; Lutz, Robyn 1; Email Address: rlutz@cs.iastate.edu Patterson-Hine, Ann 2; Email Address: apatterson-hine@mail.arc.nasa.gov Nelson, Stacy 3; Email Address: NelsonConsult@aol.com Frost, Chad 2; Email Address: cfrost@mail.arc.nasa.gov Tal, Doron 4; Email Address: dt97@cornell.edu Harris, Robert 5; Email Address: trebor@trebor.org; Affiliation:  1: JPL/Caltech and Iowa State University , 226 Atanasoff Hall Ames 50011 USA  2: Ames Research Center , Mail Stop 269-4 Moffett Field 94035 USA  3: NelsonConsulting/QSS , Ames Research Center , Moffett Field 94035 USA  4: USRA/RIACS at NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field 94035 USA  5: 255 Group, Inc. at Ames Research Center , Mail Stop 262-2 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: SOFTWARE engineering; Subject Term: ANOMALY detection (Computer security); Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Subject Term: SYSTEM safety; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: SOFTWARE failures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anomaly handling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contingency requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Obstacle analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Requirements evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety-critical software; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00766-006-0039-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishbaugh, Kathryn E.
AU  - Marais, David J.
AU  - Korablev, Oleg
AU  - Lognonne, Philippe
AU  - Raulin, François
T1  - Introduction: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Habitability.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 129
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The article discusses various reports published in the book, including one by Franck Selsis and colleagues on the reassessment of the Habitable Zone's definition around star and another by Philippe Lognonne and colleagues on the two main aspects of life in the universe.
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - LIFE
N1  - Accession Number: 26252840; Fishbaugh, Kathryn E. 1; Email Address: kathryn.fishbaugh@issibern.ch Marais, David J. 2 Korablev, Oleg 3 Lognonne, Philippe 4 Raulin, François 5; Affiliation:  1: International Space Science Institute (ISSI), Hallerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Russian Space Research Institute (IKI), Profsoyuznaya 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia  4: Equipe Etudies Spatiales et Planétologie (IPGP), Université de Paris VII, 4 Avenue Neptune, 94107 Saint Maur des Fossés, France  5: Laboratoire de Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA, UMR CNRS), Université Paris VII et Paris XII, Val de Marne, 61, Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil Cedex, France; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 129 Issue 1-3, p1; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: LIFE; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-007-9208-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Southam, G.
AU  - Rothschild, L. J.
AU  - Westall, F.
T1  - The Geology and Habitability of Terrestrial Planets: Fundamental Requirements for Life.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 129
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 34
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The current approach to the study of the origin of life and to the search for life elsewhere is based on two assumptions. First, life is a purely physical phenomenon closely linked to specific environmental conditions. From this, we hypothesise that when these environmental conditions are met, life will arise and evolve. If these assumptions are valid, the search for life elsewhere should be a matter of mapping what we know about the range of environments in which life can exist, and then simply trying to find these environments elsewhere. Second, life can be clearly distinguished from the non-living world. While a single feature of a living organism left in the rock record is not always sufficient to determine unequivocally whether life was present, life often leaves multiple structural, mineralogical and chemical biomarkers that, in sum, support a conclusion that life was present. Our understanding of the habitats that can sustain or have sustained life has grown tremendously with the characterisation of extremophiles. In this chapter, we highlight the range of environments that are known to harbour life on Earth, describe the environments that existed during the period of time when life originated on Earth, and compare these habitats to the suitable environments that are found elsewhere in our solar system, where life could have arisen and evolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORIGIN of life
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SUSTAINABLE development
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - CONDUCT of life
KW  - Earth
KW  - Extremophiles
KW  - Life requirements
KW  - Origin of life
N1  - Accession Number: 26252842; Southam, G. 1; Email Address: gsoutham@uwo.ca Rothschild, L. J. 2 Westall, F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A5B7  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 129 Issue 1-3, p7; Subject Term: ORIGIN of life; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SUSTAINABLE development; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: CONDUCT of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extremophiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of life; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-007-9148-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26252842&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Arndt, Nick
AU  - Cockell, Charles
AU  - Halliday, Alex
AU  - Nisbet, Euan
AU  - Selsis, Franck
AU  - Sleep, Norman H.
T1  - Emergence of a Habitable Planet.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 129
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 78
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moon-forming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere. It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal blanketing. Tidal heating by the new Moon was a major energy source to the magma ocean. After the mantle solidified geothermal heat became climatologically insignificant, which allowed the steam atmosphere to condense, and left behind a ∼100 bar, ∼500 K CO2 atmosphere. Thereafter cooling was governed by how quickly CO2 was removed from the atmosphere. If subduction were efficient this could have taken as little as 10 million years. In this case the faint young Sun suggests that a lifeless Earth should have been cold and its oceans white with ice. But if carbonate subduction were inefficient the CO2 would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, which would have kept the surface near ∼500 K for many tens of millions of years. Hydrous minerals are harder to subduct than carbonates and there is a good chance that the Hadean mantle was dry. Hadean heat flow was locally high enough to ensure that any ice cover would have been thin (<5 m) in places. Moreover hundreds or thousands of asteroid impacts would have been big enough to melt the ice triggering brief impact summers. We suggest that plate tectonics as it works now was inadequate to handle typical Hadean heat flows of 0.2–0.5 W/m2. In its place we hypothesize a convecting mantle capped by a ∼100 km deep basaltic mush that was relatively permeable to heat flow. Recycling and distillation of hydrous basalts produced granitic rocks very early, which is consistent with preserved >4 Ga detrital zircons. If carbonates in oceanic crust subducted as quickly as they formed, Earth could have been habitable as early as 10–20 Myrs after the Moon-forming impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - MOON
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MAGMAS
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - BOMBARDMENT
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - Hadean Earth
KW  - Late heavy bombardment
KW  - Magma oceans
KW  - Moon-forming impact
KW  - Origin of Earth
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 26252835; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: Kevin.J.Zahnle@nasa.gov Arndt, Nick 2 Cockell, Charles 3 Halliday, Alex 4 Nisbet, Euan 5 Selsis, Franck 6,7 Sleep, Norman H. 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: LGCA, University Joseph Fourier, 1381 rue de la Piscine, 38401 Grenoble, France  3: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK  4: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PR, UK  5: Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK  6: Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon, Cedex 07, France  7: CNRS UMR 5574, Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France  8: Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 129 Issue 1-3, p35; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MAGMAS; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: BOMBARDMENT; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hadean Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Late heavy bombardment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magma oceans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon-forming impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmospheres; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-007-9225-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26252835&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nisbet, Euan
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Gerasimov, M. V.
AU  - Helbert, Jörn
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Hofmann, Beda A.
AU  - Benzerara, Karim
AU  - Westall, Frances
T1  - Creating Habitable Zones, at all Scales, from Planets to Mud Micro-Habitats, on Earth and on Mars.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 129
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 121
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The factors that create a habitable planet are considered at all scales, from planetary inventories to micro-habitats in soft sediments and intangibles such as habitat linkage. The possibility of habitability first comes about during accretion, as a product of the processes of impact and volatile inventory history. To create habitability water is essential, not only for life but to aid the continual tectonic reworking and erosion that supply key redox contrasts and biochemical substrates to sustain habitability. Mud or soft sediment may be a biochemical prerequisite, to provide accessible substrate and protection. Once life begins, the habitat is widened by the activity of life, both by its management of the greenhouse and by partitioning reductants (e.g. dead organic matter) and oxidants (including waste products). Potential Martian habitats are discussed: by comparison with Earth there are many potential environmental settings on Mars in which life may once have occurred, or may even continue to exist. The long-term evolution of habitability in the Solar System is considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - WATER
KW  - GEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - EROSION
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - Fluvial erosion
KW  - Habitable surfaces
KW  - Mars
KW  - Rock cycle
KW  - Water
N1  - Accession Number: 26252834; Nisbet, Euan 1; Email Address: e.nisbet@gl.rhul.ac.uk Zahnle, Kevin 2; Email Address: kzahnle@mail.arc.nasa.gov Gerasimov, M. V. 3; Email Address: mgerasim@mx.iki.rssi.ru Helbert, Jörn 4 Jaumann, Ralf 4 Hofmann, Beda A. 5 Benzerara, Karim 6 Westall, Frances 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Research Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Profsoyuznaya st., 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation  4: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  5: Naturhistorisches Museum Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005 Bern, Switzerland  6: Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés, UMR 7590 CNRS & IPGP, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France  7: Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 129 Issue 1-3, p79; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: GEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluvial erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitable surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; Number of Pages: 43p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-007-9175-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26252834&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bertaux, J.-L.
AU  - Carr, M.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
AU  - Gaidos, E.
T1  - Conversations on the Habitability of Worlds: The Importance of Volatiles.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2007/03//
VL  - 129
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 165
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Our scientific forefathers discuss the interrelationships between water, climate, the atmosphere, and life on Earth and other terrestrial planets at a workshop in Nichtchâtel, Switzerland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORIGIN of life
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - EVOLUTION (Biology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - Biogeochemical cycles
KW  - Biological evolution
KW  - Habitability
KW  - Mars
KW  - Origin of life
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Planetary volatiles
N1  - Accession Number: 26252841; Bertaux, J.-L. 1; Email Address: jean-loup.bertaux@aerovre.jussieu.fr Carr, M. 2; Email Address: carr@usgs.gov Des Marais, D. J. 3; Email Address: david.j.desmarais@nasa.gov Gaidos, E. 4; Email Address: gaidos@hawaii.edu; Affiliation:  1: Service d'Aéronomie, CNRS, Paris, France  2: USGS, Menlo Park, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 129 Issue 1-3, p123; Subject Term: ORIGIN of life; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: EVOLUTION (Biology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Biogeochemical cycles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biological evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary volatiles; Number of Pages: 43p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-007-9193-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26252841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nagai, S.
AU  - Ichii, K.
AU  - Morimoto, H.
T1  - Interannual variations in vegetation activities and climate variability caused by ENSO in tropical rainforests.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/03/10/
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1285
EP  - 1297
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Interannual variations in terrestrial carbon cycle over tropical rainforests affect the global carbon cycle. Terrestrial ecosystem models show the interannual relationship between climate changes due to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and net primary production over tropical rainforests. However, we need an independent analysis using satellite-based vegetation index and climate parameters. In the present study, we extracted the ENSO-related interannual variations from time-series in Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and climate data from 1981 to 2000, and analysed their relevance. We detected relationships among NDVI, ENSO, and climate parameters from long-term data with negative NDVI-ENSO, NDVI-temperature, and positive NDVI-precipitation relations. These correlations suggest that interannual variability in vegetation activities over tropical rainforests could be extracted from NDVI time-series despite noise components in NDVI data, and that interannual changes in precipitation and temperature caused by ENSO play a more important role in vegetation activities over tropical rainforests than in incoming surface solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VEGETATION monitoring
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - BIOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - SOUTHERN oscillation
KW  - RAIN forests
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 24404368; Nagai, S. 1; Email Address: s010116d@mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp Ichii, K. 2 Morimoto, H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan  2: San Jose State University and NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett'Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2007, Vol. 28 Issue 6, p1285; Subject Term: VEGETATION monitoring; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Subject Term: OCEAN-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: BIOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: SOUTHERN oscillation; Subject Term: RAIN forests; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160600904972
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24404368&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buermann, Wolfgang
AU  - Lintner, Benjamin R.
AU  - Koven, Charles D.
AU  - Angert, Alon
AU  - Pinzon, Jorge E.
AU  - Tucker, Compton J.
AU  - Fung, Inez Y.
T1  - The changing carbon cycle at Mauna Loa Observatory.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/03/13/
VL  - 104
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4249
EP  - 4254
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The amplitude of the CO2 seasonal cycle at the Mauna Loa Observatory (MLO) increased from the early 1970s to the early 1990s but decreased thereafter despite continued warming over northern continents. Because of its location relative to the large-scale atmospheric circulation, the MLO receives mainly Eurasian air masses in the northern hemisphere (NH) winter but relatively more North American air masses in NH summer. Consistent with this seasonal footprint, our findings indicate that the MLO amplitude registers North American net carbon uptake during the warm season and Eurasian net carbon release as well as anomalies in atmospheric circulation during the cold season. From the early 1970s to the early 1990s, our analysis was consistent with that of Keeling et al. [Keeling CD, Chin JFS, Whorf TP (1996) Nature 382:146-149], suggesting that the increase in the MLO CO2 amplitude is dominated by enhanced photosynthetic drawdown in North America and enhanced respiration in Eurasia. In contrast, the recent decline in the CO2 amplitude is attributed to reductions in carbon sequestration over North America associated with severe droughts from 1998 to 2003 and changes in atmospheric circulation leading to decreased influence of Eurasian air masses. With the return of rains to the U.S. in 2004, both the normalized difference vegetation index and the MLO amplitude sharply increased, suggesting a return of the North American carbon sink to more normal levels. These findings indicate that atmospheric CO2 measurements at remote sites can continue to play an important role in documenting changes in land carbon flux, including those related to widespread drought, which may continue to worsen as a result of global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - CARBON dioxide sinks
KW  - MAUNA Loa (Hawaii Island, Hawaii)
KW  - HAWAII Island (Hawaii)
KW  - HAWAII
KW  - atmospheric circulation
KW  - atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle
KW  - continental droughts
KW  - terrestrial carbon sinks
N1  - Accession Number: 24570421; Buermann, Wolfgang 1,2; Email Address: buermann@ucla.edu Lintner, Benjamin R. 3,4 Koven, Charles D. 1 Angert, Alon 1,5 Pinzon, Jorge E. 6 Tucker, Compton J. 6 Fung, Inez Y. 1; Email Address: ifung@uclick.berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: Berkeley Atmospheric Sciences Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720  2: Department of Geography, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771  4: UCLA Institute of the Environment, P.O. Box 951496, Los Angeles, CA 90025-1496.  5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095  6: Department of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.; Source Info: 3/13/2007, Vol. 104 Issue 11, p4249; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide sinks; Subject Term: MAUNA Loa (Hawaii Island, Hawaii); Subject Term: HAWAII Island (Hawaii); Subject Term: HAWAII; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric circulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric CO2 seasonal cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: continental droughts; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial carbon sinks; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0611224104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Wyngarden, Annalise L.
AU  - Mar, Kathleen A.
AU  - Boering, Kristie A.
AU  - Lin, Jim J.
AU  - Lee, Yuan T.
AU  - Shi-Ying Lin
AU  - Hua Guo
AU  - Lendvay, Gyorgy
T1  - Nonstatistical Behavior of Reactive Scattering in the 18O+32O2 Isotope Exchange Reaction.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2007/03/14/
VL  - 129
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2866
EP  - 2870
SN  - 00027863
AB  - The recombination of oxygen atoms with oxygen molecules to form ozone exhibits several strange chemical characteristics, including unusually large differences in formation rate coefficients when different isotopes of oxygen participate. Purely statistical chemical reaction rate theories cannot describe these isotope effects, suggesting that reaction dynamics must play an important role. We investigated the dynamics of the 18O + 32O2 → O3* → 16O + 34O2 isotope exchange reaction (which proceeds on the same potential energy surface as ozone formation) using crossed atomic and molecular beams at a collision energy of 7.3 kcal mol-1, providing the first direct experimental evidence that the dissociation of excited ozone exhibits significant nonstatistical behavior. These results are compared with quantum statistical and quasi-classical trajectory calculations in order to gain insight into the potential energy surface and the dynamics of ozone formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - OZONE
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 24466436; Van Wyngarden, Annalise L. 1,2; Email Address: avanwyngarden@arcnasa.gov Mar, Kathleen A. 1 Boering, Kristie A. 1,3; Email Address: boering@berkeley.edu Lin, Jim J. 4 Lee, Yuan T. 4,5 Shi-Ying Lin 6 Hua Guo 6 Lendvay, Gyorgy 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720  2: Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720  4: Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan  5: Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan  6: Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131  7: Chemical Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Source Info: 3/14/2007, Vol. 129 Issue 10, p2866; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/ja0668163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alan  H. Chin
AU  - Tai  S. Ahn
AU  - Hongwei  Li
AU  - Sreeram  Vaddiraju
AU  - Christopher  J. Bardeen
AU  - Cun-Zheng  Ning
AU  - Mahendra  K. Sunkara
T1  - Photoluminescence of GaN Nanowires of Different Crystallographic Orientations.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2007/03/14/
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 626
EP  - 631
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We utilized time-integrated and time-resolved photoluminescence of a-axis and c-axis gallium nitride nanowires to elucidate the origin of the blue-shifted ultraviolet photoluminescence in a-axis GaN nanowires relative to c-axis GaN nanowires. We attribute this blue-shifted ultraviolet photoluminescence to emission from surface trap states as opposed to previously proposed causes such as strain effects or built-in polarization. These results demonstrate the importance of accounting for surface effects when considering ultraviolet optoelectronic devices based on GaN nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALLIUM nitride
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - NANOWIRES
N1  - Accession Number: 24395110; Alan  H. Chin 1 Tai  S. Ahn 1 Hongwei  Li 1 Sreeram  Vaddiraju 1 Christopher  J. Bardeen 1 Cun-Zheng  Ning 1 Mahendra  K. Sunkara 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials and Devices, NASA Ames Research Center,Moffett Field, California 94035; Department of Chemistry, University of California,Riverside, California 92521; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University ofLouisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p626; Subject Term: GALLIUM nitride; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, Ning
AU  - Fay, Patrick
AU  - Sinharoy, Samar
AU  - Forbes, David
AU  - Scheiman, David
T1  - Characterization and modeling of InGaAs/InAsP thermophotovoltaic converters under high illumination intensities.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2007/03/15/
VL  - 101
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 064511
EP  - 6
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Thermophotovoltaic converters based on In0.69Ga0.31As/InAs0.34P0.66 have been fabricated, characterized experimentally, and modeled. Good device performance has been achieved with an open-circuit voltage of 1.46 V, short-circuit current density of 1.06 A/cm2, and a fill factor of 71.3% for a four-junction cell under an optical power density of 3.4 W/cm2. Key material parameters have been extracted from measured device characteristics, providing a detailed quantitative understanding of the dependence of device performance on the electro-optical properties of the InGaAs/InAsP material system. Extracted minority carrier lifetimes of 106 ns in the p-type base and 0.3 ns in the n-type emitter regions were obtained, limited by radiative and Auger recombination, respectively. The recombination velocity for the InGaAs/InAsP interface is found to be below 2000 cm/s. The parameter analysis provides guidance for the design of a high-efficiency monolithically integrated module for use under high illumination intensities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide solar cells
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS -- Recombination
KW  - LIGHTING
N1  - Accession Number: 24580603; Su, Ning 1 Fay, Patrick 1 Sinharoy, Samar 2 Forbes, David 2 Scheiman, David 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556  2: Essential Research Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44142  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 3/15/2007, Vol. 101 Issue 6, p064511; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide solar cells; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS -- Recombination; Subject Term: LIGHTING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2713366
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Jae-Woo
AU  - Choi, Sang H.
AU  - Lillehei, Peter T.
AU  - Chu, Sang-Hyon
AU  - King, Glen C.
AU  - Watt, Gerald D.
T1  - Electrochemically controlled reconstitution of immobilized ferritins for bioelectronic applications
JO  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2007/03/15/
VL  - 601
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 16
SN  - 15726657
AB  - Abstract: Site-specific reconstituted nanoparticles were fabricated via electrochemically controlled biomineralization through the immobilization of biomolecules. The work reported herein includes the immobilization of ferritin with various surface modifications, the electrochemical biomineralization of ferritins with different inorganic cores, and the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen on the reconstituted Pt-cored ferritins. Protein immobilization on the substrate is achieved by anchoring ferritins with dithiobis-N-succinimidyl propionate (DTSP). A reconstitution process of site-specific electrochemical biomineralization with a protein cage loads ferritins with different core materials. The ferritin acts as a nano-scale template, a biocompatible cage, and a separator between the nanoparticles. This first demonstration of electrochemically controlled site-specific reconstitution of biomolecules provides a new tool for biomineralization and opens the way to produce the bio-templated nanoparticles by electrochemical control. The nanosized platinum-cored ferritins on gold displayed good catalytic activity for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen, which is applicable to biofuel cell applications. This results in a smaller catalyst loading on the electrodes for fuel cells or other bioelectronic devices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERRITIN
KW  - ELECTROCATALYSIS
KW  - BIOMINERALIZATION
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - Electrocatalyst
KW  - Ferritin
KW  - Immobilization
KW  - QCM
KW  - Reconstitution
N1  - Accession Number: 24220229; Kim, Jae-Woo 1; Email Address: fn.j.kim@larc.nasa.gov Choi, Sang H. 2 Lillehei, Peter T. 2 Chu, Sang-Hyon 1 King, Glen C. 2 Watt, Gerald D. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 601 Issue 1/2, p8; Subject Term: FERRITIN; Subject Term: ELECTROCATALYSIS; Subject Term: BIOMINERALIZATION; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrocatalyst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferritin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immobilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: QCM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reconstitution; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2006.10.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elizabeth  J. Opila
AU  - Dwight  L. Myers
AU  - Nathan  S. Jacobson
AU  - Ida  M. B. Nielsen
AU  - Dereck  F. Johnson
AU  - Jami  K. Olminsky
AU  - Mark  D. Allendorf
T1  - Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Thermochemistry of CrO2(OH)2(g).
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2007/03/15/
VL  - 111
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1971
EP  - 1980
SN  - 10895639
AB  - In this paper, we report the results of equilibrium pressure measurements designed to identify the volatile species in the Cr−O−H system and to resolve some of the discrepancies in existing experimental data. In addition, ab initio calculations were performed to lend confidence to a theoretical approach for predicting the thermochemistry of chromium-containing compounds. Equilibrium pressure data for CrO2(OH)2were measured by the transpiration technique for the reaction 0.5Cr2O3(s) 0.75O2(g) H2O(g) CrO2(OH)2(g) over a temperature range of 573 to 1173 K at 1 bar total pressure. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to analyze the condensate in order to quantify the concentration of Cr-containing volatile species. The resulting experimentally measured thermodynamic functions are compared to those computed using B3LYP density functional theory and the coupled-cluster singles and doubles method with a perturbative correction for connected triple substitutions CCSD(T). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CHROMIUM
KW  - INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 24395984; Elizabeth  J. Opila 1 Dwight  L. Myers 1 Nathan  S. Jacobson 1 Ida  M. B. Nielsen 1 Dereck  F. Johnson 1 Jami  K. Olminsky 1 Mark  D. Allendorf 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135-3191, East Central University,Ada, Oklahoma 74820-0689, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551-0969, andQSS Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135-3191; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 111 Issue 10, p1971; Subject Term: THERMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CHROMIUM; Subject Term: INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Naud, C.M.
AU  - Baum, B.A.
AU  - Pavolonis, M.
AU  - Heidinger, A.
AU  - Frey, R.
AU  - Zhang, H.
T1  - Comparison of MISR and MODIS cloud-top heights in the presence of cloud overlap
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2007/03/15/
VL  - 107
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 200
EP  - 210
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Coincident MISR and MODIS cloud-top heights retrieved above two vertically pointing radar sites (ARM-SGP and UK-CFARR) are compared for 54 scenes between March 2000 and October 2003. The difference between MODIS and MISR cloud-top heights is assessed in situations where multiple cloud layers are present in a vertical column (i. E. , cloud overlap or multilayered cloud). MISR stereo cloud-top heights are known to be sensitive to low-level clouds of high contrast (between two camera views) even if high clouds with a wide range of optical thicknesses are also present in the scene. MODIS retrieved cloud-top heights do not experience this problem as long as the highest cloud layer has a visible optical thickness greater than approximately 1. Consequently, the difference in cloud-top heights between MODIS and MISR is often large and positive in cloud overlap conditions. In cloud overlap conditions, small differences between MODIS and MISR cloud-top heights can be found where both instruments detect the highest cloud layer or, on the contrary, where they both fail to detect the highest cloud but instead detect some lower level cloud. The comparison with radar cloud-top heights on a 21-scene subset confirmed that large differences are associated with cloud overlap, but also showed that small differences can be found in similar situations if the highest layer is of large contrast (both instruments detect the highest cloud layer) or of extremely small optical thickness (both instruments fail to detect the highest cloud layer). With the use of a cloud-typing technique applied to MODIS data that can also identify areas containing cloud overlap, small differences were found to occur for 60–70% of all overlap pixels examined here, highlighting the weakness of using the MODIS-MISR cloud-top height differences as a sole indicator for automated cloud overlap detection. While the accuracy of the MODIS cloud-top pressure/height algorithm decreases as the cirrus optical thickness becomes less than 1, the MISR approach may still be able to infer an accurate cloud-top height depending on the cloud contrast between two view angles. However, synergy between the difference in MODIS-MISR cloud-top height analysis and the MODIS cloud-typing method could improve overlap detection for thin cirrus over low cloud situations and provide additional information on the cloud-top height of two distinct layers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ALTITUDES -- Measurement
KW  - MULTISENSOR data fusion
KW  - CONTRAST sensitivity (Vision)
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Cloud
KW  - Cloud type
KW  - Cloud-top height
KW  - MISR
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Overlap
N1  - Accession Number: 24142408; Naud, C.M. 1; Email Address: cnaud@giss.nasa.gov Baum, B.A. 2 Pavolonis, M. 3 Heidinger, A. 3 Frey, R. 4 Zhang, H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University/GISS, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  3: NOAA/NESDIS, United States  4: CIMSS, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 107 Issue 1/2, p200; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ALTITUDES -- Measurement; Subject Term: MULTISENSOR data fusion; Subject Term: CONTRAST sensitivity (Vision); Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud type; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-top height; Author-Supplied Keyword: MISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overlap; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.09.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
AU  - Wenze Yang
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Huete, Aifredo R.
AU  - Dickinson, Robert E.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Didan, Kamel
AU  - Fu, Rong
AU  - Negrńn Juárez, Robinson I.
AU  - Saatchi, Sasan S.
AU  - Hashimotoh, Hirofumi
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Tana, Bin
AU  - Ratana, Piyachat
AU  - Privette, Jeffrey L.
AU  - Morisette, Jeffrey T.
AU  - Vermote, Eric F.
AU  - Roy, David P.
AU  - Wolfe, Robert E.
T1  - Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/03/20/
VL  - 104
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4820
EP  - 4823
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Despite early speculation to the contrary, all tropical forests studied to date display seasonal variations in the presence of new leaves, flowers, and fruits. Past studies were focused on the timing of phenological events and their cues but not on the accompanying changes in leaf area that regulate vegetation-atmosphere exchanges of energy, momentum, and mass. Here we report, from analysis of 5 years of recent satellite data, seasonal swings in green leaf area of ≈25% in a majority of the Amazon rainforests. This seasonal cycle is timed to the seasonality of solar radiation in a manner that is suggestive of anticipatory and opportunistic pat- terns of net leaf flushing during the early to mid part of the light-rich dry season and net leaf abscission during the cloudy wet season. These seasonal swings in leaf area may be critical to initiation of the transition from dry to wet season, seasonal carbon balance between photosynthetic gains and respiratory losses, and litterfall nutrient cycling in moist tropical forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - RAIN forests
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - NUTRIENT cycles
KW  - CARBON
KW  - AMAZON River Valley
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - tropical forests phenology
KW  - vegetation climate interaction
N1  - Accession Number: 24594082; Myneni, Ranga B. 1 Wenze Yang 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2 Huete, Aifredo R. 3 Dickinson, Robert E. 4; Email Address: robted@eas.gatech.edu Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Didan, Kamel 3 Fu, Rong 4 Negrńn Juárez, Robinson I. 4 Saatchi, Sasan S. 5 Hashimotoh, Hirofumi 6 Ichii, Kazuhito 7 Shabanov, Nikolay V. 1 Tana, Bin 1 Ratana, Piyachat 4 Privette, Jeffrey L. 8 Morisette, Jeffrey T. 9 Vermote, Eric F. 9,10 Roy, David P. 11 Wolfe, Robert E. 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215.  2: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  3: Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721.  4: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332.  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109.  6: California State University at Monterey Bay and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  7: San Jose State University and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  8: Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771  9: Terrestrial Information Systems Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771.  10: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742.  11: Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Wecota Hall, Box 506B, Brookings, SD 57007.  12: Raytheon Technology Services Corporation at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771.; Source Info: 3/20/2007, Vol. 104 Issue 12, p4820; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: RAIN forests; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: NUTRIENT cycles; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: AMAZON River Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical forests phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation climate interaction; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0611338104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24594082&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Melapudi, Vikram R.
AU  - Nair, Naveen V.
AU  - Udpa, Lalita
AU  - Udpa, Satish S.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - Imaging and Modeling Techniques for Terahertz Inspection of NASA-SOFI.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/03/21/
VL  - 894
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 401
EP  - 407
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Short-pulsed terahertz imaging techniques have found application in recent years especially in the areas of nondestructive evaluation, homeland security and biomedical imaging. One such application involves the inspection of bonding between spray on foam insulation (SOFI) and the external tank in the NASA space shuttle. This work discusses a suite of image enhancement techniques that was developed to improve the probability of detection of voids and disbands SOFI. Physics based defect detection and profiling methods are detailed along with initial results. In addition a ray-tracing model was developed to simulate the inspection process. Results comparing the model and experimental images will also be presented. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERAHERTZ technology
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - NATIONAL security -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Profiling
KW  - Ray Tracing
KW  - Terahertz Imaging
KW  - Windowed Fourier Transform Imaging
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24505352; Melapudi, Vikram R. 1 Nair, Naveen V. 1 Udpa, Lalita 1 Udpa, Satish S. 1 Winfree, William P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NDEL, ECE, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 894 Issue 1, p401; Subject Term: TERAHERTZ technology; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: NATIONAL security -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Profiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ray Tracing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz Imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Windowed Fourier Transform Imaging; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928110 National Security; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2718000
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24505352&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banks, H. T.
AU  - Gibson, N. L.
AU  - Winfree, W. P.
T1  - 2D Modeling of Pulsed THz Interrogation of SOFI with Knit Lines.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/03/21/
VL  - 894
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 408
EP  - 414
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper examines the scattering effect of knit lines and voids in SOFI through simulations of THz interrogation at non-normal angles of incidence using focused single-cycle plane waves. We model the electromagnetic field using the TE mode of the 2D Maxwell’s equations reduced to a wave equation, which are then solved with a finite-element time-domain method. The knit lines are modeled by changing the dielectric constant. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERAHERTZ technology
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - FEM
KW  - knit lines
KW  - SOFI
KW  - THz interrogation
KW  - time domain
N1  - Accession Number: 24505351; Banks, H. T. 1 Gibson, N. L. 1 Winfree, W. P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Research and Scientific Computation, Box 8205, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606-8205.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681-2199.; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 894 Issue 1, p408; Subject Term: TERAHERTZ technology; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: FEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: knit lines; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFI; Author-Supplied Keyword: THz interrogation; Author-Supplied Keyword: time domain; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2718001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24505351&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Seebo, J. P.
AU  - Trinh, L. B.
AU  - Walker, J. L.
AU  - Aldrin, J. C.
T1  - Signal Processing Approaches for Terahertz Data Obtained from Inspection of the Shuttle External Tank Thermal Protection System Foam.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/03/21/
VL  - 894
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 424
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Foam shedding from the shuttle external tank remains a critical problem regarding Shuttle orbiter safety. Flaws present in the foam can result in initiation sites for foam loss, and NASA is continuing to look at improving existing NDE methods for foam inspection as well as developing new methods. Terahertz NDE, greatly enhanced over the last several years with respect to its use for external tank foam inspection, has been a focus for continued improvement through signal and image processing improvements. In this study, results from various signal processing approaches to improve terahertz image flaw resolution for external tank foam are described. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - FOAMED materials
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - TERAHERTZ technology
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC devices
KW  - External Tank
KW  - Signal Processing
KW  - Software
KW  - Space Shuttle
KW  - Sprayed-on Foam Insulation
KW  - Terahertz
KW  - Thermal Protection System
N1  - Accession Number: 24505350; Roth, D. J. 1 Seebo, J. P. 2 Trinh, L. B. 2 Walker, J. L. 3 Aldrin, J. C. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.  2: Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, 13800 Old Gentilly Road, New Orleans, LA 70129-2218.  3: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812.  4: Computational Tools, Inc., Gurnee, IL 60031.; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 894 Issue 1, p415; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: FOAMED materials; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: TERAHERTZ technology; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: External Tank; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal Processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sprayed-on Foam Insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal Protection System; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2718002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24505350&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chien-Ping Chiou
AU  - Thompson, R. Bruce
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
AU  - Seebo, Jeffrey
T1  - Processing Terahertz Ray Data in Space Shuttle Inspection.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/03/21/
VL  - 894
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 425
EP  - 431
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Terahertz ray imaging is one of the most capable techniques to inspect the space shuttle external tank foam insulation. This technique, however, is limited in its current inspection protocol using indirect substrate reflections. An alternate signal processing approach, working directly on the flaw responses, was lately demonstrated to be able to overcome some of these limitations. In this paper, we report recent progresses made by utilizing this alternate signal processing procedure in additional samples to detect flaws that were missed by the current protocol. We also present a new detection approach using the probabilistic neural network in the context of Bayesian classification. Preliminary results showed that the new Bayesian classification approach can achieve even greater improvement over the alternate signal processing approach. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - TERAHERTZ technology
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC devices
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - FOAMED materials
KW  - Bayesian Classification
KW  - Probabilistic Neural Network
KW  - Space Shuttle Foam Inspection
KW  - T-ray Signal Processing
KW  - Terahertz Imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 24505349; Chien-Ping Chiou 1 Thompson, R. Bruce 1 Winfree, William P. 2 Madaras, Eric I. 2 Seebo, Jeffrey 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  3: Lockheed Martin, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 894 Issue 1, p425; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: TERAHERTZ technology; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC devices; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: FOAMED materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian Classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic Neural Network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle Foam Inspection; Author-Supplied Keyword: T-ray Signal Processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz Imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2718003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24505349&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aldrin, John C.
AU  - Roth, Don J.
AU  - Seebo, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - Protocol and Assessment of Signal Processing and Feature Extraction Methods for Terahertz NDE for Spray-On Foam Insulation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/03/21/
VL  - 894
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 432
EP  - 439
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A quantitative assessment protocol was developed to evaluate potential signal processing methods for THz NDE of spray-on foam insulation. Automated feature extraction methods were developed to replicate the important visual classification characteristics used by inspectors and a new merit assessment approach was developed to identify the most promising combination of signal processing algorithms. Through application of the protocol to test data, several signal processing methods were found to improve the discrimination of defects. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - FOAMED materials
KW  - Feature Extraction
KW  - Signal Processing
KW  - Spray-on Foam Insulation
KW  - Terahertz NDE
N1  - Accession Number: 24505348; Aldrin, John C. 1 Roth, Don J. 2 Seebo, Jeffrey P. 3 Winfree, William P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Computational Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031, USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  3: Lockheed Martin, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 894 Issue 1, p432; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: FOAMED materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feature Extraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal Processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spray-on Foam Insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz NDE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2718004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24505348&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prosser, W. H.
T1  - NASA Engineering and Safety Center NDE Super Problem Resolution Team.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/03/21/
VL  - 894
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1915
EP  - 1920
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) is an independent organization, which was charted in the wake of the Space Shuttle Columbia accident to serve as an Agency-wide technical resource focused on engineering excellence. The objective of the NESC is to improve safety by performing in-depth independent engineering assessments, testing, and analysis to uncover technical vulnerabilities and to determine appropriate preventative and corrective actions for problems, trends or issues within NASA’s programs, projects and institutions. Critical to the NESC are teams of experts in a number of core disciplines including nondestructive evaluation (NDE). These teams, designated Super Problem Resolution Teams (SPRTs), draw upon the best engineering expertise from across the Agency and include partnerships with other government agencies, national laboratories, universities and industry. The NESC NDE SPRT provides a ready resource of NDE technical expertise to support NESC Independent Technical Assessments and Investigations. The purpose of this session will be to provide an overview of the NESC and the NDE SPRT along with a few examples of NDE related problems that the team has addressed for NASA Programs. It is hoped that this session will be of interest to the general NDE community and will foster contacts with additional NDE experts that might provide future support to the NASA NESC NDE SPRT. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - SPACE shuttles -- Safety measures
KW  - REUSABLE space vehicles
KW  - ENGINEERING mathematics
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - NDE
KW  - Problem Resolution
KW  - Structural Safely
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24505404; Prosser, W. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, NASA Engineering and Safety Center, Building 1230B, Room 185, Hampton, VA 23681-0001.; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 894 Issue 1, p1915; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles -- Safety measures; Subject Term: REUSABLE space vehicles; Subject Term: ENGINEERING mathematics; Subject Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Problem Resolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural Safely; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2718195
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24505404&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosi, Marzio
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - The functionalization of (5, 5), (9, 0), and (10, 0) single wall carbon nanotubes by CH n  fragments
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/03/22/
VL  - 437
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 103
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: The binding energies of CH3, CH3 +H, CH2, and CH to (5, 5), (9, 0), and (10, 0) carbon nanotubes are determined computationally. The binding energy of a single CH3 is very small because only one adsorbate-tube bond is formed for the loss of one tube π bond. For CH3 +H, CH2 and CH the binding energies are much larger since two adsorbate-tube bonds form for the loss of one tube π bond. For CH2 and CH, which bond with two different tube atoms, for some orientations a strong bonding with the tube occurs that results in the breaking of a tube C–C bond. The calculated IR spectra show that the C–H stretching and H–C–H bending regions offer the possibility of observing these species. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINDING energy
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 24218796; Rosi, Marzio 1; Email Address: marzio@thch.unipg.it Bauschlicher, Charles W. 2; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: CNR ISTM, Department of Chemistry, University of Perugia, I-06100, Perugia, Italy  2: Mail Stop 230-3, Center for Advanced Materials and Devices, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 437 Issue 1-3, p99; Subject Term: BINDING energy; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.02.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24218796&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young Min Rhee
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Gudipati, Murthy S.
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
AU  - Head-Gordont, Martin
T1  - Charged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon clusters and the galactic extended red emission.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/03/27/
VL  - 104
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 5274
EP  - 5278
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The species responsible for the broad extended red emission (ERE). discovered in 1975 and now known to be widespread throughout the Galaxy, still is unidentified. Spanning the range from ∼540 to 900 nm, the ERE is a photoluminescent process associated with a wide variety of different interstellar environments. Over the years, a number of plausible candidates have been suggested, but subsequent observations ruled them out. The objects that present the ERE also emit the infrared features attributed to free polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules, suggesting that closely related materials are plausible ERE carriers. Here, we show that the peculiar spectra and unique properties of closed-shell cationic PAH dimers satisfy the existing observational constraints and suggest that emission from mixtures of charged PAH clusters accounts for much of the ERE. This work provides a view into the structures, stabilities, abundances, and ionization balance of PAH-related species in the emission zones, which, in turn, reflects physical conditions in the emission zones and sheds fundamental light on the nanoscale processes involved in carbon-particle nucleation and growth and carbonaceous dust evolution in the interstellar medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - DIMERS
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - EXCITED state chemistry
KW  - dimer
KW  - excited state
KW  - interstellar medium
KW  - nanoparticles
N1  - Accession Number: 24988349; Young Min Rhee 1 Lee, Timothy J. 2 Gudipati, Murthy S. 2,3 Allamandola, Louis J. 2; Email Address: lallamandola@mail.arc.nasa.gov Head-Gordont, Martin; Email Address: mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720  2: Astrochemistry Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742; Source Info: 3/27/2007, Vol. 104 Issue 13, p5274; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: DIMERS; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: EXCITED state chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: dimer; Author-Supplied Keyword: excited state; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoparticles; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0609396104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24988349&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kiss, John Z.
AU  - Kumar, Prem
AU  - Bowman, Robert N.
AU  - Steele, Marianne K.
AU  - Eodice, Michael T.
AU  - Correll, Melanie J.
AU  - Edelmann, Richard E.
T1  - Biocompatibility studies in preparation for a spaceflight experiment on plant tropisms (TROPI)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/03/29/
VL  - 39
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1154
EP  - 1160
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The interaction among tropisms is important in determining the growth form of a plant. Thus, we have developed a project to study the interaction between two key tropistic responses (i.e., gravitropism and phototropism) to be performed in microgravity on the International Space Station (ISS). Specifically, we are interested in the role of red-light-absorbing phytochrome pigments in modulating tropisms in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana. This project, termed TROPI for tropisms, is to be performed on the European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS), which provides an incubator with atmospheric control, lighting, and high-resolution video. The EMCS has two rotating centrifuge platforms so that our experiments can be performed at microgravity, 1g (control), and fractional g-levels. In order to optimize these spaceflight experiments, we have continued ground-based technical tests as well as basic science experiments. Since the seeds will have to be stored for several months in hardware prior to use on the ISS, we tested the effects of long-term storage of seeds in the TROPI EUE (experimental unique equipment) on germination rates and plant growth. The EUE consists of five seedling cassettes with LED lighting and a water delivery system in an Experimental Container (EC). Preliminary studies showed that there were reduced seed germination and plant growth after several months of storage in the EUE. We determined that the likely source of this biocompatibility problem was the conformal coating of electrical components of the EUE, which was required by NASA for safety reasons. In order to alleviate this problem, carbon filters were added to both the seedling cassettes and to the base of the EC. We expect that these improvements to the hardware will result in healthy plants capable of robust tropistic responses in our spaceflight experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANT physiology
KW  - PHOTOBIOLOGY
KW  - BIOMEDICAL materials
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - EMCS
KW  - Gravitropism
KW  - ISS
KW  - Phototropism
KW  - Plant space biology
KW  - Spaceflight hardware
N1  - Accession Number: 25352249; Kiss, John Z. 1; Email Address: kissjz@muohio.edu Kumar, Prem 1 Bowman, Robert N. 2 Steele, Marianne K. 2 Eodice, Michael T. 2 Correll, Melanie J. 3 Edelmann, Richard E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 39 Issue 7, p1154; Subject Term: PLANT physiology; Subject Term: PHOTOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL materials; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: EMCS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravitropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phototropism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plant space biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight hardware; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ioana  Cozmuta
AU  - Mario  Blanco
AU  - William  A. Goddard III
T1  - Gas Sorption and Barrier Properties of Polymeric Membranes from Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo Simulations.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2007/03/29/
VL  - 111
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3151
EP  - 3166
SN  - 15206106
AB  - It is important for many industrial processes to design new materials with improved selective permeability properties. Besides diffusion, the molecule''s solubility contributes largely to the overall permeation process. This study presents a method to calculate solubility coefficients of gases such as O2, H2O (vapor), N2, and CO2in polymeric matrices from simulation methods (Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo) using first principle predictions. The generation and equilibration (annealing) of five polymer models (polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl dichloride, polyvinyl chloride-trifluoroethylene, and polyethylene terephtalate) are extensively described. For each polymer, the average density and Hansen solubilities over a set of ten samples compare well with experimental data. For polyethylene terephtalate, the average properties between a small (n10) and a large (n100) set are compared. Boltzmann averages and probability density distributions of binding and strain energies indicate that the smaller set is biased in sampling configurations with higher energies. However, the sample with the lowest cohesive energy density from the smaller set is representative of the average of the larger set. Density-wise, low molecular weight polymers tend to have on average lower densities. Infinite molecular weight samples do however provide a very good representation of the experimental density. Solubility constants calculated with two ensembles (grand canonical and Henry''s constant) are equivalent within 20%. For each polymer sample, the solubility constant is then calculated using the faster (10×) Henry''s constant ensemble (HCE) from 150 ps of NPT dynamics of the polymer matrix. The influence of various factors (bad contact fraction, number of iterations) on the accuracy of Henry''s constant is discussed. To validate the calculations against experimental results, the solubilities of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in polypropylene are examined over a range of temperatures between 250 and 650 K. The magnitudes of the calculated solubilities agree well with experimental results, and the trends with temperature are predicted correctly. The HCE method is used to predict the solubility constants at 298 K of water vapor and oxygen. The water vapor solubilities follow more closely the experimental trend of permeabilities, both ranging over 4 orders of magnitude. For oxygen, the calculated values do not follow entirely the experimental trend of permeabilities, most probably because at this temperature some of the polymers are in the glassy regime and thus are diffusion dominated. Our study also concludes large confidence limits are associated with the calculated Henry''s constants. By investigating several factors (terminal ends of the polymer chains, void distribution, etc.), we conclude that the large confidence limits are intimately related to the polymer''s conformational changes caused by thermal fluctuations and have to be regardedat least at microscaleas a characteristic of each polymer and the nature of its interaction with the solute. Reducing the mobility of the polymer matrix as well as controlling the distribution of the free (occupiable) volume would act as mechanisms toward lowering both the gas solubility and the diffusion coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - THERMOPLASTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 24513722; Ioana  Cozmuta 1 Mario  Blanco 1 William  A. Goddard III 1; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Material andProcess Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code BI 139-74,Pasadena, California 91125; Source Info: Mar2007, Vol. 111 Issue 12, p3151; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: THERMOPLASTICS; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiao, X.
AU  - Hassan, H. A.
AU  - Edwards, J. R.
AU  - Gaffney Jr., R. L.
T1  - Role of Turbulent Prandtl Numbers on Heat Flux at Hypersonic Mach Numbers.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 806
EP  - 806
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A new turbulence model suited for calculating the turbulent Prandtl number as part of the solution is presented. Because of the high Reynolds numbers involved, a formulation based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations is developed. The model is based on a set of two equations: one governing the variance of the enthalpy and the other governing its dissipation rate. These equations were derived from the exact energy equation and thus take into consideration compressibility and dissipation terms. The model is used to study three cases involving shockwave/ boundary-layer interaction at Mach numbers of 9.22, 8.18, and 5.0. In general, heat transfer prediction for separated flows showed improvement over traditional turbulence models in which the turbulent Prandtl number is assumed constant. It is concluded that using a model that calculates the turbulent Prandtl number as part of the solution is a key to bridging the gap between theory and experiment for hypersonic flows dominated by strong shockwave/ boundary-layer interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 24974911; Xiao, X. 1 Hassan, H. A. 1 Edwards, J. R. 1 Gaffney Jr., R. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p806; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.21447
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Byrne, S.
AU  - Danehy, P. M.
AU  - Tedder, S. A.
AU  - Cutler, A. D.
T1  - Dual-Pump Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Measurements in a Supersonic Combustor.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 922
EP  - 922
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) method was used to measure temperature and the mole fractions of N2 and O2 in a supersonic combustor. Experiments were conducted in NASA Langley Research Center's Direct-Connect Supersonic Combustion Test Facility. In this facility, H2- and oxygen-enriched air burn to increase the enthalpy of the simulated air test gas. This gas is expanded through a Mach 2 nozzle and into a combustor model consisting of a short constant-area section followed by a small rearward-facing step and another constant-area section. At the end of this straight section, H2 fuel is injected at Mach 2 and at a 30-deg angle with respect to the freestream. One wall of the duct then expands at a 3-deg angle for over 1 m. The ensuing combustion is probed optically through ports in the side of the combustor. Dual-pump CARS measurements were performed at the facility nozzle exit and at four planes downstream of fuel injection. Maps are presented of the mean temperature, as well as N2 and O2 mean mole-fraction fields. Correlations between fluctuations of the different measured parameters are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MOLECULAR spectra
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24974921; O'Byrne, S. 1 Danehy, P. M. 2 Tedder, S. A. 2 Cutler, A. D. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: George Washington University, Newport News, Virginia 23602; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p922; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectra; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26768
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, Jamie
AU  - Singh, Abhay
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn
AU  - Sherman, Louis
T1  - Growth-phase dependent differential gene expression in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 and regulation by a group 2 sigma factor.
JO  - Archives of Microbiology
JF  - Archives of Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 187
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 279
SN  - 03028933
AB  - Cyanobacteria must continually alter their physiological growth state in response to changes in light intensity and their nutritional and physical environment. Under typical laboratory batch growth conditions, cyanobacteria grow exponentially, then transition to a light-limited stage of linear growth before finally reaching a non-growth stationary phase. In this study, we utilized DNA microarrays to profile the expression of genes in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to compare exponential and linear growth. We also studied the importance of SigB, a group 2 sigma factor in this cyanobacterium, during the different growth phases. The transcription of approximately 10% of the genes in the wild type were different in the linear, compared to the exponential phase, and our results showed that: (1) many photosynthesis and regulatory genes had lowered transcript levels; (2) individual genes, such as sigH, phrA, and isiA, which encode a group 4 sigma factor, a DNA photolyase, and a Chl-binding protein, respectively, were strongly induced; and, (3) the loss of SigB significantly impacted the differential expression of genes and modulated the changes seen in the wild type in regard to photosynthesis, regulatory and the unknown genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Archives of Microbiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - GENETIC regulation
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - GENES
KW  - GENETIC transcription
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Gene regulation
KW  - IsiA
KW  - Light-limited growth
KW  - Microarrays
KW  - phrA
KW  - Sigma factors
N1  - Accession Number: 24422427; Foster, Jamie 1,2,3 Singh, Abhay 3,4 Rothschild, Lynn 2 Sherman, Louis 3; Email Address: lsherman@purdue.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Space Life Sciences Lab, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystem, Science and Technology Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 1392 Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  4: Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 187 Issue 4, p265; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: GENETIC regulation; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: GENETIC transcription; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene regulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: IsiA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light-limited growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: phrA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sigma factors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00203-006-0193-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linteris, Gregory T.
AU  - Takahashi, Fumiaki
AU  - Katta, Viswanath R.
T1  - Cup-burner flame extinguishment by CF3Br and Br2
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 149
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 103
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Experiments and calculations have been performed for a methane–air coflow diffusion flame, in the cup-burner configuration, with CF3Br or Br2 added to the air stream. The time-dependent, two-dimensional numerical code, which includes a detailed kinetic model and diffusive transport, has predicted the flame extinction within 4 or 8% for each. Analysis of the flame structure has allowed the mechanisms of flame weakening in the base and trailing flame regions to be compared. The agents CF3Br and Br2 behave very similarly with regard to flame extinguishment: both raise the temperature in the flame everywhere, as well as lower radical volume fractions in the trailing diffusion flame and at the peak reactivity spot (the “reaction kernel”) at the flame base where the flame is stabilized. The mechanism of lowered radical volume fractions is shown primarily to be due to a catalytic cycle involving bromine species in both regions of the flame, with small contributions from radical trapping by fluorinated species in the trailing diffusion flame. In the reaction kernel, the radical volume fractions are reduced more, and the catalytic radical recombination cycles are shown to be more effective as compared to in the trailing diffusion flame. At the latter location, the effectiveness of the agents is reduced because the hydrocarbon species, which are necessary for the regeneration of HBr, are scarce at the location of the peak radical volume fraction (i.e., at the flame zone), a limitation which does not exist in the reaction kernel, where there is good upstream mixing of the fuel and oxidizer because the base is lifted. That is, the premixed character of the reaction kernel actually allows the HBr in the catalytic cycle to be more effective there because of the effective overlap between the Br and the hydrocarbon species, which allows efficient regeneration of HBr. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - THOUGHT experiments
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - FLAME
KW  - CF3Br
KW  - Cup burner
KW  - Fire suppression
KW  - Flame extinction
KW  - Halon replacement
N1  - Accession Number: 24554028; Linteris, Gregory T. 1; Email Address: linteris@nist.gov Takahashi, Fumiaki 2 Katta, Viswanath R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440, USA; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 149 Issue 1/2, p91; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: THOUGHT experiments; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: FLAME; Author-Supplied Keyword: CF3Br; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cup burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halon replacement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2006.12.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finke, Niko
AU  - Hoehler, Tori Michael
AU  - Jørgensen, Bo Barker
T1  - Hydrogen ‘leakage’ during methanogenesis from methanol and methylamine: implications for anaerobic carbon degradation pathways in aquatic sediments.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1060
EP  - 1071
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - The effect of variations in H2 concentrations on methanogenesis from the non-competitive substrates methanol and methylamine (used by methanogens but not by sulfate reducers) was investigated in methanogenic marine sediments. Imposed variations in sulfate concentration and temperature were used to drive systematic variations in pore water H2 concentrations. Specifically, increasing sulfate concentrations and decreasing temperatures both resulted in decreasing H2 concentrations. The ratio of CO2 and CH4 produced from 14C-labelled methylamine and methanol showed a direct correlation with the H2 concentration, independent of the treatment, with lower H2 concentrations resulting in a shift towards CO2. We conclude that this correlation is driven by production of H2 by methylotrophic methanogens, followed by loss to the environment with a magnitude dependent on the extracellular H2 concentrations maintained by hydrogenotrophic methanogens (in the case of the temperature experiment) or sulfate reducers (in the case of the sulfate experiment). Under sulfate-free conditions, the loss of reducing power as H2 flux out of the cell represents a loss of energy for the methylotrophic methanogens while, in the presence of sulfate, it results in a favourable free energy yield. Thus, hydrogen leakage might conceivably be beneficial for methanogens in marine sediments dominated by sulfate reduction. In low-sulfate systems such as methanogenic marine or freshwater sediments it is clearly detrimental – an adverse consequence of possessing a hydrogenase that is subject to externally imposed control by pore water H2 concentrations. H2 leakage in methanogens may explain the apparent exclusion of acetoclastic methanogenesis in sediments dominated by sulfate reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANOBACTERIUM
KW  - METHANOL
KW  - HYDROGENASE
KW  - MARINE sediments
KW  - METHYLAMINES
KW  - CARBON
N1  - Accession Number: 24270538; Finke, Niko 1,2; Email Address: nfinke@web.de Hoehler, Tori Michael 2 Jørgensen, Bo Barker 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Celsiusstraße 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany.  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p1060; Subject Term: METHANOBACTERIUM; Subject Term: METHANOL; Subject Term: HYDROGENASE; Subject Term: MARINE sediments; Subject Term: METHYLAMINES; Subject Term: CARBON; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01248.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parnell, John
AU  - Bowden, Stephen A.
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Green, Paul
AU  - Taylor, Colin
AU  - Baron, Martin
T1  - Organic geochemistry of impactites from the Haughton impact structure, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 71
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1800
EP  - 1819
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Organic matter in impactites from the 24km wide and 39Ma old Haughton impact structure, Canadian High Arctic, is a mixture of fossil and modern biological components. The fossil component represents a conventional oil that was generated from Lower Palaeozoic marine source material before impact and permeates bedrock dolomites. Biomarker maturity parameters record the thermal effect of the mid-Tertiary impact. Maturity-influenced sterane, rearranged hopanoid, and triaromatic steroid ratios all increase towards the centre of the impact structure, where thermal alteration was greatest. The heating was probably dominated by an impact-related hydrothermal system, as such systems last long enough for kinetically-based thermal alteration to occur. Kinetically-related biomarker data suggest that the hydrothermal heating lasted for c. 5000 years. Biomarkers are also preserved in dolomite clasts within impact melt breccia, and indicate strong thermal alteration. Modern biological contamination of the rocks is responsible for the superposition of two geochemical signatures (which could be cyanobacteria, non-marine algae, or higher plant matter) onto the fossil component, but they can be recognized and distinguished. The data show that the impact structure system holds a record of both the pre-impact organic signature and the thermal signature of the impact, and thereby indicates that organic geochemistry is a valuable tool in documenting the response of rocks to impacts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANIC geochemistry
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - FOSSILS
KW  - MARINE phytoplankton
N1  - Accession Number: 24386946; Parnell, John 1; Email Address: j.parnell@abdn.ac.uk Bowden, Stephen A. 1 Osinski, Gordon R. 2 Lee, Pascal 3 Green, Paul 4 Taylor, Colin 1 Baron, Martin 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK  2: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1040 East 4th Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0077, USA  3: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Geotrack International Pty Ltd., 37 Melville Road, Brunswick West, Vic., 3055, Australia; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 71 Issue 7, p1800; Subject Term: ORGANIC geochemistry; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: FOSSILS; Subject Term: MARINE phytoplankton; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2007.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Tchebakova, Nadezda M.
AU  - French, Nancy H.F.
AU  - Flannigan, Michael D.
AU  - Shugart, Herman H.
AU  - Stocks, Brian J.
AU  - Sukhinin, Anatoly I.
AU  - Parfenova, E.I.
AU  - Chapin, F. Stuart
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - Climate-induced boreal forest change: Predictions versus current observations
JO  - Global & Planetary Change
JF  - Global & Planetary Change
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 56
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 296
SN  - 09218181
AB  - Abstract: For about three decades, there have been many predictions of the potential ecological response in boreal regions to the currently warmer conditions. In essence, a widespread, naturally occurring experiment has been conducted over time. In this paper, we describe previously modeled predictions of ecological change in boreal Alaska, Canada and Russia, and then we investigate potential evidence of current climate-induced change. For instance, ecological models have suggested that warming will induce the northern and upslope migration of the treeline and an alteration in the current mosaic structure of boreal forests. We present evidence of the migration of keystone ecosystems in the upland and lowland treeline of mountainous regions across southern Siberia. Ecological models have also predicted a moisture-stress-related dieback in white spruce trees in Alaska, and current investigations show that as temperatures increase, white spruce tree growth is declining. Additionally, it was suggested that increases in infestation and wildfire disturbance would be catalysts that precipitate the alteration of the current mosaic forest composition. In Siberia, 7 of the last 9 yr have resulted in extreme fire seasons, and extreme fire years have also been more frequent in both Alaska and Canada. In addition, Alaska has experienced extreme and geographically expansive multi-year outbreaks of the spruce beetle, which had been previously limited by the cold, moist environment. We suggest that there is substantial evidence throughout the circumboreal region to conclude that the biosphere within the boreal terrestrial environment has already responded to the transient effects of climate change. Additionally, temperature increases and warming-induced change are progressing faster than had been predicted in some regions, suggesting a potential non-linear rapid response to changes in climate, as opposed to the predicted slow linear response to climate change. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Global & Planetary Change is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TAIGAS
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - boreal
KW  - climate change evidence
KW  - fire
KW  - infestation disturbance
KW  - montane
KW  - treeline progression
N1  - Accession Number: 24786473; Soja, Amber J. 1; Email Address: a.j.soja@larc.nasa.gov Tchebakova, Nadezda M. 2 French, Nancy H.F. 3 Flannigan, Michael D. 4 Shugart, Herman H. 5,6 Stocks, Brian J. 4 Sukhinin, Anatoly I. 2 Parfenova, E.I. 2 Chapin, F. Stuart 6 Stackhouse, Paul W. 7; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Resident at NASA Langley Research Center21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  2: Russian Academy of Sciences, Sukachev Institute of Forestry, 660036 Krasnojarsk, Siberia, Russia  3: Altarum Institute (formerly ERIM), PO Box 134001, Ann Arbor, MI 48113-4001, United States  4: Canadian Forest Service, 1219 Queen Street East, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario P6A, Canada 2E5  5: University of Virginia, Global Environmental Change Program, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  6: Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, 99775, United States  7: NASA Langley Research Center21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 56 Issue 3/4, p274; Subject Term: TAIGAS; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Author-Supplied Keyword: boreal; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change evidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: infestation disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: montane; Author-Supplied Keyword: treeline progression; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosier, Kathleen L.
AU  - Sethi, Nikita
AU  - McCauley, Shane
AU  - Khoo, Len
AU  - Orasanu, Judith M.
T1  - What you don't know can hurt you: factors impacting diagnosis in the automated cockpit.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - journal article
SP  - 300
EP  - 310
SN  - 00187208
AB  - <bold>Objective: </bold>We examined the impact of operational variables on diagnosis and decision-making processes, focusing on information search.<bold>Background: </bold>Arguably, the "best" decision-making processes in high-technology cockpits would be those that are both correspondent (objectively accurate) and coherent (rationally sound). In the electronic world, coherence in terms of identification and incorporation of all relevant information is both a prerequisite to and a limiting factor for accurate diagnosis and decision making.<bold>Method: </bold>Regional carrier pilots (N=93) responded to six scenarios by accessing information to determine a diagnosis and decision.<bold>Results: </bold>Time pressure, a common operational variable, had a strong negative effect on information search and diagnosis accuracy, and the presence of noncongruent information heightened these negative effects. Unexpectedly, source of initial information (automated or other) did not impact any of the dependent variables. Diagnosis confidence was unrelated to accuracy and was negatively related to amount of information accessed.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Results confirm both the need for coherence in diagnostic processes and the difficulty of maintaining it under time pressure.<bold>Application: </bold>One implication of the results of this study is that pilots in high-technology cockpits must be trained to utilize coherent diagnostic processes as standard operating procedure. Additionally, because thorough information search for diagnosis in an automated environment is essential, automated systems must be designed to foster coherent, and thus accurate, diagnostic processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - HIGH technology
KW  - COHERENT states
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - STANDARD operating procedure
N1  - Accession Number: 24454856; Mosier, Kathleen L. 1; Email Address: kmosier@sfsu.edu Sethi, Nikita 2 McCauley, Shane 3 Khoo, Len 4 Orasanu, Judith M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Professor and Chair, Psychology Department, San Francisco State University  2: Analyst in Organizational Development, Scios Inc., Fremont, CA  3: Compensation Analyst, Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA  4: Senior Project Manager, Pacific Gas and Electric, San Francisco, CA  5: Principal Investigator, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p300; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: HIGH technology; Subject Term: COHERENT states; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: STANDARD operating procedure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymann, Michael
AU  - Degani, Asaf
T1  - Formal analysis and automatic generation of user interfaces: approach, methodology, and an algorithm.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - journal article
SP  - 311
EP  - 330
SN  - 00187208
AB  - <bold>Objective: </bold>We present a formal approach and methodology for the analysis and generation of user interfaces, with special emphasis on human-automation interaction.<bold>Background: </bold>A conceptual approach for modeling, analyzing, and verifying the information content of user interfaces is discussed.<bold>Methods: </bold>The proposed methodology is based on two criteria: First, the interface must be correct--that is, given the interface indications and all related information (user manuals, training material, etc.), the user must be able to successfully perform the specified tasks. Second, the interface and related information must be succinct--that is, the amount of information (mode indications, mode buttons, parameter settings, etc.) presented to the user must be reduced (abstracted) to the minimum necessary.<bold>Results: </bold>A step-by-step procedure for generating the information content of the interface that is both correct and succinct is presented and then explained and illustrated via two examples.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Every user interface is an abstract description of the underlying system. The correspondence between the abstracted information presented to the user and the underlying behavior of a given machine can be analyzed and addressed formally.<bold>Applications: </bold>The procedure for generating the information content of user interfaces can be automated, and a software tool for its implementation has been developed. Potential application areas include adaptive interface systems and customized/personalized interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - USER interfaces (Computer systems)
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - METHODOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 24454857; Heymann, Michael 1 Degani, Asaf 2; Email Address: adegani@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Professor of Computer Science and Director, Center for Intelligent Systems, Israel Institute of Technology  2: Research Scientist in Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p311; Subject Term: USER interfaces (Computer systems); Subject Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Subject Term: HUMAN-machine systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: journal article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutliff, Daniel L.
T1  - Turbofan duct mode measurements using a continuously rotating microphone rake.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 170
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - An experimental measurement system was developed and implemented at the NASA Glenn Research Center in the 1990s to measure fan duct acoustic modes. The system is a radial array of microphones inserted into the duct that continuously rotates about the duct centerline. This Rotating Rake provides a complete map of the acoustic duct modes at fan harmonics in a ducted fan. It has been used on a variety of test articles: from a low-speed, concept test fan rig, to a fullscale production turbofan engine. The Rotating Rake has been critical in developing and evaluating a number of noise reduction concepts as well as providing experimental databases for verification of several aero-acoustic codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DUCTED fans
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 25161375; Sutliff, Daniel L. 1; Email Address: Daniel.L.Sutliff@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p147; Subject Term: DUCTED fans; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilat, Amos
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
T1  - Strain Rate Sensitivity of Epoxy Resin in Tensile and Shear Loading.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 89
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The mechanical response of E-862 and PR-520 resins is investigated in tensile and shear loadings. At both types of loading the resins are tested at strain rates of about 5×10-5, 2, and 450–700 s-1. In addition, dynamic shear modulus tests are carried out at various frequencies and temperatures, and tensile stress relaxation tests are conducted at room temperature. The results show that the toughened PR-520 resin can carry higher stresses than the untoughened E-862 resin. Strain rate has a significant effect on the response of both resins. In shear, both resins show a ductile response with maximum stress that is increasing with strain rate. In tension, a ductile response is observed at low strain rate (∼5×10-5 s-1), and brittle response is observed at the medium and high strain rates (2 and 700 s-1). The hydrostatic component of the stress in the tensile tests causes premature failure in the E-862 resin. Localized deformation develops in the PR-520 resin when loaded in shear. An internal state variable constitutive model is proposed for modeling the response of the resins. The model includes a state variable that accounts for the effect of the hydrostatic component of the stress on the deformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Epoxy resins
KW  - Laminates
KW  - Strain rate
N1  - Accession Number: 24385349; Gilat, Amos 1; Email Address: gilat.1@osu.edu Goldberg, Robert K. 2 Roberts, Gary D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State Univ., 201 West 19th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p75; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epoxy resins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain rate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2007)20:2(75)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeng, X.
AU  - Agui, J. H.
AU  - Nakagawa, M.
T1  - Wave Velocities in Granular Materials under Microgravity.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 116
EP  - 123
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Velocities of primary (P) and shear (S) waves in granular materials are highly dependent on confining stress. These wave velocities are related to mechanical properties of the materials such as stiffness, density, and stress history. Measurements of the wave velocities using piezoelectric sensors provide scientists and engineers a technique for nonintrusive characterization of those mechanical properties. For aerospace engineering, measuring the wave velocities under microgravity, which simulates low loading and stress conditions, has a number of potential applications. It can help the understanding of the soil mechanics and the development of appropriate materials handling technologies in extraterrestrial environments, which will be crucial to meeting NASA’s future space exploration goals. This paper presents the technique and results of experiments conducted at NASA Glenn Research Center using the 2.2 s drop tower. Velocities of P and S waves in three sizes of glass beads and one size of alumina beads were measured under initially dense or loose compaction states. It was found that under microgravity, the wave signals were significantly weaker and the velocities were much slower. The material that makes up the beads has a strong influence on the wave velocities as well. The initial compaction state also has some influence on the wave velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRANULAR materials
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Granular materials
KW  - Wave measurement
KW  - Wave velocity
N1  - Accession Number: 24385347; Zeng, X. 1 Agui, J. H. 2 Nakagawa, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH 44016-7201  2: Research Scientist, Microgravity Science Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Associate Professor, Dept. of Mining Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401-1887; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p116; Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Granular materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wave measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wave velocity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2007)20:2(116)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banglin Zhang
AU  - Pinker, Rachel T.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
T1  - An Empirical Orthogonal Function Iteration Approach for Obtaining Homogeneous Radiative Fluxes from Satellite Observations.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 444
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Conventional observations of climate parameters are sparse in space and/or time, and the representativeness of such information needs to be optimized. Observations from satellites provide improved spatial coverage over point observations; however, they pose new challenges for obtaining homogeneous coverage. Surface radiative fluxes, the forcing functions of the hydrologic cycle and biogeophysical processes, are now becoming available from global-scale satellite observations. They are derived from independent satellite platforms and sensors that differ in temporal and spatial resolution and in the size of the footprint from which information is derived. Data gaps, degraded spatial resolution near boundaries of geostationary satellites, and different viewing geometries in areas of satellite overlap could result in biased estimates of radiative fluxes. In this study will be discussed issues related to the sources of inhomogeneity in surface radiative fluxes as derived from satellites, development of an approach to obtain homogeneous datasets, and application of the method to the widely used International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project data that currently serve as a source of information for deriving estimates of surface and top-of-the-atmosphere radiative fluxes. Introduced is an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) iteration scheme for homogenizing the fluxes. The scheme is evaluated in several ways, including comparison of the inferred radiative fluxes with ground observations, both before and after the EOF approach is applied. On the average, the latter reduces the RMS error by about 2–3 W m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - WATER vapor transport
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - BIOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 24977697; Banglin Zhang 1 Pinker, Rachel T. 2; Email Address: pinker@atmos.umd.edu Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation, Greenbelt, Maryland  2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p435; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: WATER vapor transport; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: BIOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Illustration, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAM2478.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
AU  - DeGennaro, Alfred
T1  - Digging and pushing lunar regolith: Classical soil mechanics and the forces needed for excavation and traction
JO  - Journal of Terramechanics
JF  - Journal of Terramechanics
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 152
SN  - 00224898
AB  - Abstract: There are many notional systems for excavating lunar regolith in NASA’s Exploration Vision. Quantitative system performance comparisons are scarce in the literature. This paper focuses on the required forces for excavation and traction as quantitative predictors of system feasibility. The rich history of terrestrial soil mechanics is adapted to extant lunar regolith parameters to calculate the forces. The soil mechanics literature often acknowledges the approximate results from the numerous excavation force models in use. An intent of this paper is to examine their variations in the lunar context. Six excavation models and one traction model are presented. The effects of soil properties are explored for each excavation model, for example, soil cohesion and friction, tool–soil adhesion, and soil density. Excavation operational parameters like digging depth, rake angle, gravity, and surcharge are examined. For the traction model, soil, operational, and machine design parameters are varied to probe choices. Mathematical anomalies are noted for several models. One conclusion is that the excavation models yield such disparate results that lunar-field testing is prudent. All the equations and graphs presented have been programmed for design use. Parameter ranges and units are included. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Terramechanics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - SOIL mechanics
KW  - EXCAVATION
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 23950487; Wilkinson, Allen; Email Address: Allen.Wilkinson@grc.nasa.gov DeGennaro, Alfred 1; Affiliation:  1: Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, M.S. 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p133; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: SOIL mechanics; Subject Term: EXCAVATION; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jterra.2006.09.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Augspurger, George L.
AU  - Campanella, Angelo
AU  - Dibazar, Alireza
AU  - Eargle, John M.
AU  - Fulop, Sean A.
AU  - Helffrich, Jerome A.
AU  - Kahrs, Mark
AU  - Preves, David
AU  - Raichel, Daniel R.
AU  - Rosenberg, Carl J.
AU  - Shaw, Neil A.
AU  - Shepherd, Kevin P.
AU  - Thompson Jr., William
AU  - Ungar, Eric E.
AU  - Waag, Robert C.
T1  - Tone generator and probe.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 121
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1825
EP  - 1847
SN  - 00014966
AB  - The article provides information on several acoustical patents. They include a signal processing procedure that allows an active and passive sonar system to operate in both modes, an underwater device with transmitter, a vehicle accessory microphone and an apparatus for converting vibration energy into electric power.
KW  - PATENTS
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - SONAR
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - ULTRASONIC equipment
N1  - Accession Number: 24560926; Augspurger, George L. 1 Campanella, Angelo Dibazar, Alireza 2 Eargle, John M. 3 Fulop, Sean A. 4 Helffrich, Jerome A. 5 Kahrs, Mark 6 Preves, David 7 Raichel, Daniel R. Rosenberg, Carl J. 8 Shaw, Neil A. 9 Shepherd, Kevin P. 10 Thompson Jr., William 11 Ungar, Eric E. 8 Waag, Robert C. 12; Affiliation:  1: Perception, Incorporated, Box 39536, Los Angeles, California 90039  2: Department of BioMed Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089  3: JME Consulting Corporation, 7034 Macapa Drive, Los Angeles, California 90068  4: California State University, Fresno, 5245 N. Backer Avenue M/S PB92, Fresno, California 93740-8001  5: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas 78228  6: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261  7: Starkey Laboratories, 6600 Washington Ave. S., Eden Prarie, Minnesota 55344  8: Acentech Incorporated, 33 Moulton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138  9: Menlo Scientific Acoustics, Inc., Post Office Box 1610, Topanga, California 90290  10: Mail Stop 463, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  11: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802  12: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 121 Issue 4, p1825; Subject Term: PATENTS; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: SONAR; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC equipment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541110 Offices of Lawyers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541199 All Other Legal Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 68 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2723962
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, W. Vernon
AU  - Turner, Kathy
T1  - Fundamental Physics and Particle Astrophysics in Space in the USA
JO  - Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement
JF  - Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 166
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 11
SN  - 09205632
AB  - This paper presents a high level view of some key fundamental physics and particle astrophysics investigations underway or planned by the U.S. This scope precludes some of the highest priorities of the Agencies, and some projects within scope are not discussed because of space limitations or the fact that they were presented independently. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - SPACE
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 24313411; Jones, W. Vernon 1 Turner, Kathy 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Science Mission Directorate, Astrophysics Division, DH-000 Washington, DC 20546  2: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, SC-25 Washington, DC 20585; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 166 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SPACE; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.12.065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - Clem, J.M.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Nealy, J.E.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - Modeling of the Lunar Radiation Environment
JO  - Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement
JF  - Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 166
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 183
SN  - 09205632
AB  - In view of manned missions targeted to the Moon, for which radiation exposure is one of the greatest challenges to be tackled, it is of fundamental importance to have available a tool, which allows the determination of the particle flux and spectra at any time and at any point of the lunar surface. With this goal in mind, a new model of the Moon''s radiation environment due to Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE) has been developed. Primary particles reach the lunar surface, and are transported all throughout the subsurface layers, with backscattering patterns taken into account. The surface itself has been modeled as regolith and bedrock, with composition taken from the results of the instruments flown on the Apollo missions. Subsurface environments like lava tubes have been considered in the analysis. Particle transport has been performed with both deterministic and Monte Carlo codes with an adaptation for planetary surface geometry. Results are given in terms of fluxes, doses and LET, for most kinds of particles for various kinds of soil and rock chemical compositions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
N1  - Accession Number: 24313435; De Angelis, G. 1 Badavi, F.F. 2 Clem, J.M. 3 Blattnig, S.R. 4 Clowdsley, M.S. 4 Nealy, J.E. 5 Tripathi, R.K. 4 Wilson, J.W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Istituto Superiore di Sanitá, Rome, I-00161, Italy  2: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  3: Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 23508, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 166 Issue 1, p169; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.12.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Nealy, J.E.
AU  - Qualls, G.D.
AU  - Singleterry, R.C.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - Modeling of the Martian Environment for Radiation Analysis
JO  - Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement
JF  - Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 166
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 202
SN  - 09205632
AB  - Results for the radiation environment to be found on the planet Mars due to Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE) has been obtained. Primary particle environments computed for Martian conditions are transported within the Mars atmosphere, modeled in a time-dependent way in terms of density, pressure, and temperature vs. altitude, down to the surface, with topography and backscattering patterns taken into account. The atmospheric chemical and isotopic composition has been modeled over results from the in-situ Viking Lander measurements for both major and minor components. The surface topography has been determined by using a model based on the data provided by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) instrument on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft. The surface itself has been modeled in both the dry (‘regolith’) and volatile components. Mars regolith composition has been modeled based on the measurements obtained with orbiter and lander spacecraft from which an average composition has been derived. The volatile inventory properties, both in the regolith and in the seasonal and perennial polar caps, has been taken into account by modeling the deposition of volatiles and its variations with geography and time all throughout the Martian year, from results from imaging data of orbiter spacecraft. Results are given in terms of fluxes, doses and LET, for most kinds of particles, namely protons, neutrons, alpha particles, heavy ions, pions, and muons for various soil compositions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 24313436; De Angelis, G. 1 Badavi, F.F. 2 Blattnig, S.R. 3 Clowdsley, M.S. 3 Nealy, J.E. 4 Qualls, G.D. 3 Singleterry, R.C. 3 Tripathi, R.K. 3 Wilson, J.W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Istituto Superiore di Sanit, Rome, I-00161, Italy  2: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 166 Issue 1, p184; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.12.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, W. Vernon
T1  - Recent Developments in Scientific Research Ballooning
JO  - Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement
JF  - Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 166
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 222
SN  - 09205632
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Balloon Program is committed to meeting the need for extended duration scientific investigations by providing advanced balloon vehicles and support systems. A sea change in ballooning capability occurred with the inauguration of 8 – 20 day flights around Antarctica in the early 1990''s. The attainment of 28 – 31 day flights and a record-breaking 42-day flight in, respectively, two and three circumnavigations of the continent has greatly increased the expectations of the scientific users. A new super-pressure balloon is currently under development for future flights of 60 – 100 days at any latitude, which would bring another sea change in scientific research ballooning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Physics B  Proceedings Supplement is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BALLOONING
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 24313439; Jones, W. Vernon 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, Astrophysics Division, DH-000 Washington, DC 20546; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 166 Issue 1, p217; Subject Term: BALLOONING; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 487990 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nuclphysbps.2006.12.064
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolf, Sebastian
AU  - Moro-Martín, Amaya
AU  - D’Angelo, Gennaro
T1  - Signatures of planets in protoplanetary and debris disks
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 569
EP  - 581
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We discuss selected possibilities to detect planets in circumstellar disks. We consider the search for characteristic signatures in these disks caused by the interaction of giant planets with the disk as the most promising approach. Numerical simulations show that these signatures are usually much larger in size than the planet itself and thus much easier to detect. The particular result of the planet–disk interaction depends on the evolutionary stage of the disk. Primary signatures of planets embedded in disks are gaps in the case of young disks and characteristic asymmetric density patterns in debris disks. We present simulations which demonstrate that high spatial resolution observations performed with instruments/telescopes that will become available in the near future will be able to trace the location and other properties of young and evolved planets. These observations will allow to directly investigate the formation and evolution of planets in protoplanetary and debris disks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - Debris disk
KW  - Planet formation
KW  - Planet–disk interaction
KW  - Protoplanetary disk
KW  - Radiative transfer simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 24386395; Wolf, Sebastian 1; Email Address: swolf@mpia.de Moro-Martín, Amaya 2; Email Address: amaya@astro.princeton.edu D’Angelo, Gennaro 3,4; Email Address: gennaro@astro.ex.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Ivy Lane, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  3: School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field,CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p569; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Debris disk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planet formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planet–disk interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protoplanetary disk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer simulation; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, J. E.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Tang, Y.
AU  - Chai, T.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Choi, Y.-H.
AU  - Sachse, G. W.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Schnoor, J. L.
AU  - Woo, J.
AU  - Vukovich, J. M.
AU  - Streets, D. G.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Stanier, C. O.
T1  - Analysis of anthropogenic CO2 signal in ICARTT using a regional chemical transport model and observed tracers.
JO  - Tellus: Series B
JF  - Tellus: Series B
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 210
PB  - Co-Action Publishing
SN  - 02806509
AB  - Atmospheric CO2 inversion studies infer surface sources and sinks from observations and models. These studies usually require determination of the fossil fuel component of the observation, which can be estimated using anthropogenic tracers such as CO. The objective of this study is to demonstrate a new CO tracer method that accounts for overlapping forest fire and photochemical CO influences, and to quantify several aspects of the uncertainty in the CO tracer technique. Photochemistry model results and observations from the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation experiment are used to quantify changes in the fossil fuel CO2 prediction from the CO tracer method with and without the inclusion of CO from biomass burning and photochemistry. Although the chemical sources and sinks tend to offset each other, there are regions where the chemical reactions change fossil fuel CO2 predictions by up to ±4 ppm. Including biomass burning lowers fossil fuel CO2 by an average of 12 ppm in plumes heavily influenced by long-range transport of forest fire CO. An alternate fossil fuel CO2 calculation is done in a power plant plume using SO2 as a tracer, giving a change in 20 ppm from the CO method, indicative of uncertainty in the assumed CO:CO2 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Tellus: Series B is the property of Co-Action Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - FOSSIL fuels
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 24421629; Campbell, J. E. 1; Email Address: cae@engineering.uiowa.edu Carmichael, G. R. 1 Tang, Y. 1 Chai, T. 1 Vay, S. A. 2 Choi, Y.-H. 2 Sachse, G. W. 2 Singh, H. B. 3 Schnoor, J. L. 1 Woo, J. 4 Vukovich, J. M. 5 Streets, D. G. 6 Huey, L. G. 7 Stanier, C. O. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, Boston, MA, 02114 USA  5: Carolina Environmental Program (CEP), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA  6: Decision & Information Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA  7: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p199; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: FOSSIL fuels; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00239.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - Recent history of trends in vegetation greenness and large-scale ecosystem disturbances in Eurasia.
JO  - Tellus: Series B
JF  - Tellus: Series B
Y1  - 2007/04//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 272
PB  - Co-Action Publishing
SN  - 02806509
AB  - Recent patterns of land cover and vegetation dynamics on the Euasian continent have been linked to changes in the global carbon cycle. Our study was conducted to evaluate patterns in a 19-yr record of global satellite observations of terrestrial vegetation from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) as a means to characterize major trends in both vegetation ‘greenness’ and ecosystem disturbance. The fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) by vegetation canopies worldwide has been computed from the AVHRR at a monthly time interval from 1982 to 2000 and gridded at a spatial resolution of 8 km globally. Unlike previous studies of the AVHRR multiyear time-series of vegetation dynamics, the 8-km spatial resolution makes it possible to compare disturbance events and greenness trends at the same level of spatial detail. Positive trends in FPAR were detected throughout a major greenbelt of central-eastern Europe starting in the mid-1980s. This Eurasian greenbelt extended in a wide swath over the Urals, into the vicinity of Lake Baykal south of the central Siberian plateau, mainly along a latitude belt from 55°N to 65°N. There was also significantly positive greening in relatively large areas of Great Britain, Italy, Greece, Turkey, the Caucasus and southern India. Nonetheless, a strong downward trend in the FPAR time-series over most of Eurasia was observed by the end of the 1990s. Throughout the 19-yr time period, Eurasia was also impacted by many notable droughts and other disturbance events that could have substantially offset decadal carbon gains attributed to satellite-observed greening. Large-scale ecosystems disturbance events were identified in the FPAR time-series by locating anomalously low values (FPAR-LO) that lasted longer than 12 consecutive months at any 8-km pixel. We find verifiable evidence of numerous disturbance types across Eurasia, including regional patterns of severe droughts, forest fires and insect outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Tellus: Series B is the property of Co-Action Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VEGETATION dynamics
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - EUROPE
N1  - Accession Number: 24421626; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Kumar, Vipin 2 Klooster, Steven 3 Nemani, Ramakrishna 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA  3: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p260; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: EUROPE; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00245.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
AU  - Geissler, Paul E.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
T1  - Global warming and climate forcing by recent albedo changes on Mars.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/04/05/
VL  - 446
IS  - 7136
M3  - Letter
SP  - 646
EP  - 649
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - For hundreds of years, scientists have tracked the changing appearance of Mars, first by hand drawings and later by photographs. Because of this historical record, many classical albedo patterns have long been known to shift in appearance over time. Decadal variations of the martian surface albedo are generally attributed to removal and deposition of small amounts of relatively bright dust on the surface. Large swaths of the surface (up to 56 million km2) have been observed to darken or brighten by 10 per cent or more. It is unknown, however, how these albedo changes affect wind circulation, dust transport and the feedback between these processes and the martian climate. Here we present predictions from a Mars general circulation model, indicating that the observed interannual albedo alterations strongly influence the martian environment. Results indicate enhanced wind stress in recently darkened areas and decreased wind stress in brightened areas, producing a positive feedback system in which the albedo changes strengthen the winds that generate the changes. The simulations also predict a net annual global warming of surface air temperatures by ∼0.65 K, enhancing dust lifting by increasing the likelihood of dust devil generation. The increase in global dust lifting by both wind stress and dust devils may affect the mechanisms that trigger large dust storm initiation, a poorly understood phenomenon, unique to Mars. In addition, predicted increases in summertime air temperatures at high southern latitudes would contribute to the rapid and steady scarp retreat that has been observed in the south polar residual ice for the past four Mars years. Our results suggest that documented albedo changes affect recent climate change and large-scale weather patterns on Mars, and thus albedo variations are a necessary component of future atmospheric and climate studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUTRON albedo
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DUST storms
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - MATERIALS -- Appearance
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 24584596; Fenton, Lori K. 1; Email Address: fenton@mintz.arc.nasa.gov Geissler, Paul E. 2; Email Address: pgeissler@usgs.gov Haberle, Robert M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/5/2007, Vol. 446 Issue 7136, p646; Subject Term: NEUTRON albedo; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DUST storms; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Appearance; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature05718
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, Anil
AU  - Acrivos, Andreas
AU  - Khusid, Boris
AU  - James, Conrad D.
AU  - Jacqmin, David
T1  - Conveyor-belt method for assembling microparticles into large-scale structures using electric fields.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/04/09/
VL  - 90
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 154104
EP  - 1
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The authors propose and experimentally demonstrate a conveyor-belt method appropriate for building large-scale microparticle structures by sequentially energizing electrodes to aggregate the particles into predetermined locations and then to translate them collectively to a work area for final assembly. This approach employs collective phenomena in a negatively polarized suspension exposed to a high-gradient strong ac electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVEYOR belts
KW  - BELTS & belting
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 24805004; Kumar, Anil 1 Acrivos, Andreas 1 Khusid, Boris 2 James, Conrad D. 3 Jacqmin, David 4; Affiliation:  1: The Levich Institute, 140th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, New York 10031  2: New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey 07102  3: Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 4/9/2007, Vol. 90 Issue 15, p154104; Subject Term: CONVEYOR belts; Subject Term: BELTS & belting; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: PHYSICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 316998 All Other Leather Good and Allied Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 316990 Other leather and allied product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326220 Rubber and Plastics Hoses and Belting Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2721238
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jun-Yuan Chen
AU  - Schopf, J. William
AU  - Bottjer, David J.
AU  - Chen-Yu Zhang
AU  - Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.
AU  - Tripathi, Abhishek B.
AU  - Xiu-Qiang Wang
AU  - Yong-Hua Yang
AU  - Xiang Gao
AU  - Ying Yang
T1  - Raman spectra of a Lower Cambrian ctenophore embryo from southwestern Shaanxi, China.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/04/10/
VL  - 104
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 6289
EP  - 6292
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The Early Cambrian (≈540 million years old) Meishucun fossil assemblage of Ningqiang County (Shaanxi Province), China, contains the oldest complex skeletonized organisms known in the geological record. We here report the finding in this assemblage of an exquisitely preserved late-stage embryo of a ctenophore (‘comb jelly’), its fine structure documented by confocal laser scanning microscopy and shown by Raman spectroscopy to be composed of carbonaceous kerogen permineralized in apatite. In its spheroidal morphology, the presence of eight comb rows and the absence of tentacles, this embryo resembles an adult ctenophore (Maotianoascus octonarius) known from the immediately younger Chengjiang fauna of Yunnan, China. The oldest ctenophore and the only embryonic comb jelly known from the fossil record, this exceptionally well preserved specimen provides important clues about the early evolution of the phylum Ctenophora and of metazoans in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CTENOPHORA
KW  - FOSSILS
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - SHAANXI Sheng (China)
KW  - CHINA
KW  - comb jelly
KW  - confocal laser scanning microscopy
KW  - Meishucun fossil assemblage
KW  - Ningqiang fossil fauna
N1  - Accession Number: 25010100; Jun-Yuan Chen 1; Email Address: chenjy@nju.edu.cn Schopf, J. William 2,3,4,5; Email Address: schopf@ess.ucla.edu Bottjer, David J. 5 Chen-Yu Zhang 1 Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B. 3,6 Tripathi, Abhishek B. 2,3 Xiu-Qiang Wang 1 Yong-Hua Yang 1 Xiang Gao 1 Ying Yang 1; Affiliation:  1: Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Institute of Evo/Developmental Biology, and State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China  2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095  3: Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life (Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics), University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095  4: Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095  5: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Southern California. Los Angeles, CA 90089  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Source Info: 4/10/2007, Vol. 104 Issue 15, p6289; Subject Term: CTENOPHORA; Subject Term: FOSSILS; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: SHAANXI Sheng (China); Subject Term: CHINA; Author-Supplied Keyword: comb jelly; Author-Supplied Keyword: confocal laser scanning microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meishucun fossil assemblage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ningqiang fossil fauna; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0701246104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia A.
AU  - Vickerman, Mary B.
AU  - McKay, Terri L.
AU  - Gedeon, Dan J.
AU  - Keith, Patricia A.
AU  - Kaiser, Peter K.
AU  - Sears, Jonathan E.
AU  - Ebrahem, Quteba
AU  - Karunamuni, Ganga
AU  - Watanabe, Michiko
T1  - Rapid Quantification of Normal and Abnormal Blood and Lymphatic Vasculature.
JO  - FASEB Journal
JF  - FASEB Journal
Y1  - 2007/04/15/
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - A88
EP  - A88
AB  - Heterogeneous blood and lymphatic vascular trees often develop from homogeneous vascular networks, and within an organ or tissue homogeneous capillary networks often associate closely with their supporting vascular trees. We are analyzing normal and abnormal vasculature within several developmental and pathological contexts that include human retinal disease and experimental perturbations of the mouse retina and avian coronary, yolksac and chorioallantoic (CAM) vessels. To automate and improve quantification of vascular remodeling, we are completing development of the computer program VESGEN as a NASA software plug-in for NIH ImageJ. VESGEN measures critical parameters within vascular trees, networks, and tree-network composites that include vessel length, diameter, branching point and generational branching, as well as the density of these parameters and the fractal dimension. Inhibition or stimulation of blood and lymphatic vascular trees or networks typically result in maximum changes in vessel density or other critical parameters that range from approximately 1.5X to 4.0X. Each cytokine or therapeutic tested such as VEGF-165 or bFGF has induced a unique 'fingerprint' or 'signature' change in vascular patterning within specific sites of the tree or network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FASEB Journal is the property of Federation of American Society for Experimental Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLOOD-vessels
KW  - BLOOD
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - CYTOKINES
KW  - VASCULAR endothelial growth factors
KW  - FIBROBLAST growth factors
N1  - Accession Number: 25631930; Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia A. 1 Vickerman, Mary B. 1 McKay, Terri L. 1 Gedeon, Dan J. 1 Keith, Patricia A. 1 Kaiser, Peter K. 2 Sears, Jonathan E. 2 Ebrahem, Quteba 2 Karunamuni, Ganga 3 Watanabe, Michiko 3; Affiliation:  1: INASA, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135  2: Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195  3: Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 21 Issue 5, pA88; Subject Term: BLOOD-vessels; Subject Term: BLOOD; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: CYTOKINES; Subject Term: VASCULAR endothelial growth factors; Subject Term: FIBROBLAST growth factors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 1/5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia A.
AU  - McKay, Terri L.
AU  - Vickerman, Mary B.
AU  - Wernet, Mark P.
AU  - Myers Jr., Jerry G.
AU  - Radhakrishnan, Krishnan
T1  - Microvascular Branching as a Determinant of Blood Flow by Intravital Particle Imaging Velocimetry.
JO  - FASEB Journal
JF  - FASEB Journal
Y1  - 2007/04/15/
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - A232
EP  - A232
AB  - The effects of microvascular branching on blood flow were investigated in vivo by microscopic particle imaging velocimetry (micro-PIV). We use micro-PIV to measure blood flow by tracking red blood cells (RBC) as the moving particles. Velocity flow fields, including flow pulsatility, were analyzed for the first four branching orders of capillaries, postcapillary venules and small veins of the microvascular network within the developing avian yolksac at embryonic day 5 (E5). Increasing volumetric flowrates were obtained from parabolic laminar flow profiles as the function of increasing vessel diameter and branching order. Maximum flow velocities increased approximately twenty-fold as the function of increasing vessel diameter and branching order compared to flow velocities of 100 - 150 micron/see in the capillaries. Results from our study will be useful for the increased understanding of blood flow within anastomotic, heterogeneous microvascular networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FASEB Journal is the property of Federation of American Society for Experimental Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLOOD-vessels
KW  - BLOOD flow
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - CAPILLARIES
KW  - VEINS
N1  - Accession Number: 25632627; Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia A. 1 McKay, Terri L. 1 Vickerman, Mary B. 1 Wernet, Mark P. 1 Myers Jr., Jerry G. 1 Radhakrishnan, Krishnan 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135  2: University of New Mexico, Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 21 Issue 5, pA232; Subject Term: BLOOD-vessels; Subject Term: BLOOD flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: CAPILLARIES; Subject Term: VEINS; Number of Pages: 1/6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaehyung Ju
AU  - Morgan, Roger J.
AU  - Creasy, Terry S.
AU  - Shin, E. Eugene
T1  - Transverse Cracking of M40J/PMR-II-50 Composites under Thermal-Mechanical Loading: Part I - Characterization of Main and Interaction Effects using Statistical Design of Experiments.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2007/04/15/
VL  - 41
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1009
EP  - 1031
SN  - 00219983
AB  - In this study, a novel conduction heating-based thermal cycling apparatus combined with large deflection bending is developed and utilized to identify the critical controlling parameters for microcracking of [90/0]ls, M40J/PMR-II-50 high modulus carbon fiber/polyimide composite laminate under synergistic environmental conditions. The synergistic test involves four controlling parameters namely, average in-plane mechanical strains (0 and 0.488%), thermal cycling temperature amplitudes (-196-23°C and -196-250°C), number of thermal cycles (1 and 8), and heating rate (1 and 4°C/min). The 2k factorial design is used for the four factors to provide their quantitative primary and interaction effects on crack density with a minimum number of experiments. The experimental results indicate that the number of thermal cycles is the primary controlling factor (41%), while the thermal cycling temperature amplitude (25%) or the in-plane strain (22%) is the secondary factor. The number of thermal cycles also exhibits a significant interaction effect on the development of microcracks when it was combined with either the temperature amplitude of thermal cycling (7%) or mechanical in-plane strain (5%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC cycles
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - design of experiment (DOE)
KW  - M40J/PMR-II-50 (carbon fiber/polyimide composites)
KW  - microcracks
KW  - thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 25225680; Jaehyung Ju 1; Email Address: jaehyung@tamu.edu Morgan, Roger J. 1 Creasy, Terry S. 1 Shin, E. Eugene 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field 21000 Brookpark R., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 41 Issue 8, p1009; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC cycles; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: design of experiment (DOE); Author-Supplied Keyword: M40J/PMR-II-50 (carbon fiber/polyimide composites); Author-Supplied Keyword: microcracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal cycling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998306067259
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abumeri, Galib H.
AU  - Chamis, Christos C.
T1  - Non-deterministic Tailoring of Advanced Composite Structures.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2007/04/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 664
AB  - The probability of survival of a uniformly loaded CMC flange is maximized in the presence of uncertainties in the material properties, fabrication process variables, and loading. The effects of uncertainties in primitive variables on the structural response behavior are quantified. The probabilistic optimization is performed by coupling structural optimization with composite mechanics, finite element analysis, and probabilistic methods. It is demonstrated that probabilistic sensitivities can be used to select a reduced set of design variables for optimization. The flange's first three natural frequencies are considered as behavior constraints. The probability of survival is increased by 12% at the end of the optimization process. The termination of the optimization process is dependent on the lower and upper bounds of design variables and behavior constraints. Those bounds are obtained at specified probabilities defining the optimization feasible region. The computational methodology that is presented in this paper is generic and can be applied to perform reliability and risk assessment of other types of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - composite structures
KW  - non-deterministic optimization
KW  - structural analysis
KW  - structural reliability.
N1  - Accession Number: 25375960; Abumeri, Galib H. 1 Chamis, Christos C. 2; Email Address: Christos.C.Chamis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group Inc., 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p653; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-deterministic optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural reliability.; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684407075571
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Asthana, R.
AU  - Shpargel, T.P.
T1  - Brazing of carbon–carbon composites to Cu-clad molybdenum for thermal management applications
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2007/04/15/
VL  - 452-453
M3  - Article
SP  - 699
EP  - 704
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Advanced carbon–carbon composites were joined to copper-clad molybdenum (Cu/Mo) using four active metal brazes containing Ti (Cu–ABA, Cusin-1 ABA, Ticuni, and Ticusil) for potential use in thermal management applications. The brazed joints were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and Knoop microhardness measurements across the joint region. Metallurgically sound Coints, devoid of interfacial cracks formed in all cases. The joint interfaces were preferentially enriched in Ti, with Cu–ABA joints exhibiting the largest interfacial Ti concentrations. The microhardness measurements revealed hardness gradients across the joint region, with a peak hardness of 300–350KHN in Cusin-1 ABA and Ticusil joints and 200–250KHN in Cu–ABA and Ticuni joints, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - SEALING (Technology)
KW  - MOLYBDENUM
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - Brazing
KW  - Carbon–carbon composites
KW  - Copper-clad molybdenum
KW  - Microhardness
KW  - Microstructure
N1  - Accession Number: 24249398; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: Mrityunjay.Singh@grc.nasa.gov Asthana, R. 2 Shpargel, T.P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Department of Engineering & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, United States  3: Qss Group, Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 452-453, p699; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: SEALING (Technology); Subject Term: MOLYBDENUM; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon–carbon composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper-clad molybdenum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microhardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2006.11.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Pilcher, Carl B.
T1  - Astrobiology and Missions at NASA.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/04/20/
VL  - 316
IS  - 5823
M3  - Letter
SP  - 368
EP  - 368
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Astrobiology Fights for Its Life," by A. Lawler in the January 19, 2007 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - SPACE biology
N1  - Accession Number: 24903095; Pilcher, Carl B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Director, NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: 4/20/2007, Vol. 316 Issue 5823, p368; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Martin, William
AU  - Dagan, Tal
AU  - Koonin, Eugene V.
AU  - Dipippo, Jonathan I.
AU  - Gogarten, J. Peter
AU  - Lake, James A.
T1  - The Evolution of Eukaryotes.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/04/27/
VL  - 316
IS  - 5824
M3  - Letter
SP  - 542
EP  - 543
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Genomics and the irreducible nature of eukaryote cells," by C.G. Kurland in the May 19, 2006 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - EUKARYOTIC cells
N1  - Accession Number: 24987079; Martin, William 1 Dagan, Tal 1 Koonin, Eugene V. 2 Dipippo, Jonathan I. 3 Gogarten, J. Peter 3 Lake, James A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Botany III, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany.  2: National Center for Biotechnology Information, National library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA.  3: University of Connecticut, Biology/Physics Building, 91 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269-3125, USA.  4: Molecular Biology Institute, Departments of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Human Genetics, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.; Source Info: 4/27/2007, Vol. 316 Issue 5824, p542; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: EUKARYOTIC cells; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Xuhui
AU  - Yu, Bin
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Synthesis and nanoscale thermal encoding of phase-change nanowires.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/04/30/
VL  - 90
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 183116
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Low-dimensional phase-change nanostructures provide a valuable research platform for understanding the phase-transition behavior and thermal properties at nanoscale and their potential in achieving superdense data storage. Ge2Sb2Te5 nanowires have been grown using a vapor-liquid-solid technique and shown to exhibit distinctive properties that may overcome the present data storage scaling barrier. Local heating of an individual nanowire with a focused electron beam was used to shape a nano-bar-code on a Ge2Sb2Te5 nanowire. The data encoding on Ge2Sb2Te5 nanowire may promote novel device concepts to implement ultrahigh density, low energy, high speed data storage using phase-change nanomaterials with diverse thermal-programing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - ANTIMONY alloys
KW  - GERMANIUM alloys
KW  - TELLURIUM alloys
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - ELECTRON beams
N1  - Accession Number: 25049777; Sun, Xuhui 1 Yu, Bin 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 4/30/2007, Vol. 90 Issue 18, p183116; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: ANTIMONY alloys; Subject Term: GERMANIUM alloys; Subject Term: TELLURIUM alloys; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2736271
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baer, Lisa
AU  - Wade, Charles
AU  - Ronca, April
T1  - EFFECTS OF CHRONIC PRENATAL STRESS ON ADULT BODY WEIGHT, PERCENT BODY FAT WEIGHT AND PLASMA LEPTIN IN MALE RATS.
JO  - FASEB Journal
JF  - FASEB Journal
Y1  - 2007/04/30/
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - A1420
EP  - A1420
AB  - Chronic stress experienced by the mother during pregnancy increases potential disease states in the offspring, such as type-2 diabetes and obesity (Mueller, 2006) possibly due to 'programming' of the fetus. Rat pups conceived, gestated and born during exposure to chronic stress induced by continuous 20 rpm centrifugation were characterized by low birth weight, adult overweight, and increased adult body fat. Young adult male and female rats were adapted to centrifugation for one week prior to mating. Centrifugation was discontinued at parturition. Centrifuged (CF) and non-centrifuged (nCF) control neonates were fostered to non-manipulated, newly parturient dams. As compared nCF male pups, birth weights of CF male pups were significantly lower (Mean s.e.: nCF, 7.49±0.22gm, CF, 6.30±0.11gm; p<0.01). Body weights remained significantly (p<0.05) lower until Postnatal day (P)12. At P90, body weights of CF males were significantly greater those of nCF males (Mean s.e.: nCF, 487±7 gin; CF, 519±11 gm; p<0.02). Using the Total Body Electrical Conductivity (TOBEC) to determine live body composition, total body fat weight was significantly higher in CF than nCF males (Mean % s.e.: nCF, 44±0.32; CF, 45±0.47; p<0.03). In addition, the appetite hormone, leptin, was significantly (p<0.05) elevated in CF relative to nCF males. Our data suggest that chronic prenatal stress alters the intrauterine milieu, thereby programming adult overweight with correlated changes in body fat and leptin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FASEB Journal is the property of Federation of American Society for Experimental Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRESS (Psychology)
KW  - PREGNANCY
KW  - DIABETES
KW  - OBESITY
KW  - BIRTH weight
KW  - BODY weight
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
N1  - Accession Number: 25600197; Baer, Lisa 1,2 Wade, Charles 1 Ronca, April 3; Affiliation:  1: US Army Institute of Surgical Research, 3400 Rawley E Chambers. BLDG 361 l, Fort Sam Houston, TX, 78234  2: Life Sciences Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA, 94035  3: Obstetrics and Gynechology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston Salem, NC, 27157; Source Info: Apr2007, Vol. 21 Issue 6, pA1420; Subject Term: STRESS (Psychology); Subject Term: PREGNANCY; Subject Term: DIABETES; Subject Term: OBESITY; Subject Term: BIRTH weight; Subject Term: BODY weight; Subject Term: RATS as laboratory animals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 1/4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Ian G.
AU  - Lane, John E.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
T1  - A lunar-based spacecraft propulsion concept—The ion beam sail
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 60
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 834
EP  - 845
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: We describe a concept for spacecraft propulsion by means of an energetic ion beam, with the ion source fixed at the spacecraft starting point (e.g., a lunar-based ion beam generator) and not onboard the vessel. This approach avoids the substantial mass penalty associated with the onboard ion source and power supply hardware, and vastly more energetic ion beam systems can be entertained. We estimate the ion beam parameters required for various scenarios and consider some of the constraints limiting the concept. We find that the “ion beam sail” approach can be viable and attractive for journey distances not too great, for example, within the Earth–Moon system, and could potentially provide support for journeys to the inner planets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - VOYAGES & travels
KW  - Interplanetary travel
KW  - Ion beam thruster
KW  - Ion propulsion
KW  - Spacecraft propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 24139178; Brown, Ian G. 1 Lane, John E. 2; Email Address: John.Lane-1@ksc.nasa.gov Youngquist, Robert C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: ASRC Aerospace Corp., P.O. Box 21087, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32815, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 60 Issue 10/11, p834; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: VOYAGES & travels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary travel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion beam thruster; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.11.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Materials refining on the Moon
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 60
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 906
EP  - 915
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Oxygen, metals, silicon, and glass are raw materials that will be required for long-term habitation and production of structural materials and solar arrays on the Moon. A process sequence is proposed for refining these materials from lunar regolith, consisting of separating the required materials from lunar rock with fluorine. The fluorine is brought to the Moon in the form of potassium fluoride, and is liberated from the salt by electrolysis in a eutectic salt melt. Tetrafluorosilane produced by this process is reduced to silicon by a plasma reduction stage; the fluorine salts are reduced to metals by reaction with metallic potassium. Fluorine is recovered from residual MgF and CaF2 by reaction with K2O. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - METALS
KW  - SILICON
KW  - RAW materials
KW  - POTASSIUM
KW  - LUNAR petrology
KW  - FLUORINE
KW  - In situ resources
KW  - ISRU
KW  - Moon
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Refining
KW  - Silicon
N1  - Accession Number: 24139186; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.a.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, Mailstop 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 60 Issue 10/11, p906; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: RAW materials; Subject Term: POTASSIUM; Subject Term: LUNAR petrology; Subject Term: FLUORINE; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424590 Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.11.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Böttger, U.
AU  - Demircan, A.
AU  - Vanderbilt, V.
T1  - Open water, inundated vegetation and upland vegetation discriminated through a disturbing atmosphere.
JO  - Advances in Radio Science
JF  - Advances in Radio Science
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
EP  - 357
SN  - 16849965
AB  - Methane is an important greenhouse gas. The areal extent of Boreal wetlands, source areas for methane, is poorly known. At times estimates have differed by as much as seven fold, which contributes uncertainty to present day energy and carbon budgets and to projections of future climates. In this research we applied optical remote sensing technology to identify methane source areas in POLDER imagery collected from both aircraft and satellite. Our approach takes advantage of the specular reflecting properties of surface waters in order to differentiate inundated wetlands (with emergent vegetation), open water (without emergent vegetation) and non-inundated cover types. Unlike our previous research, here we account for the affects of the disturbing atmosphere, presenting a radiative transfer model that represents an atmosphere above a mixed pixel that includes various proportions of open water, inundated vegetation and upland vegetation. The results show that our algorithm accurately identified these three cover types in both aircraft and satellite data. The results point to the probable importance of atmospheric correction to the discrimination procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Radio Science is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER
KW  - VEGETATION management
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - METHANE
N1  - Accession Number: 31977805; Böttger, U. 1; Email Address: ute.boettger@dlr.de Demircan, A. 2 Vanderbilt, V. 3; Affiliation:  1: DLR, Institut für Planetenforschung, Berlin, Germany  2: Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt, Ref. 2.5.1, Zweibrückenstr. 5-7, 80297 München, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 5, p353; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: VEGETATION management; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: METHANE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miles, Jeffrey Hilton
T1  - Restricted Modal Analysis Applied to Internal Annular Combustor Autospectra and Cross-Spectra Measurements.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 988
EP  - 988
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A treatment of the modal decomposition of the pressure field in a combustor as determined by two pressure time history measurements is developed herein. It is applied to a Pratt and Whitney PW4098 engine combustor over a range of operating conditions. For modes other than the plane wave the assumption is made that there are distinct frequency bands in which the individual modes, including the plane wave mode, overlap such that if circumferential mode m and circumferential mode m - 1 are present then circumferential mode m - 2 is not. In the analysis used herein at frequencies above the first cutoff mode frequency, only pairs of circumferential modes are individually present at each frequency. Consequently, this is a restricted modal analysis. As part of the analysis one specifies mode cut-on frequencies. This creates a set of frequencies that each mode spans. One finding was the successful use of the same modal span frequencies over a range of operating conditions for this particular engine. This suggests that for this case the cut-on frequencies are in proximity at each operating condition. Consequently, the combustion noise spectrum related to the circumferential modes might not change much with operating condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pressure -- Measurement
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - INTERNAL combustion engines
KW  - MODAL analysis
KW  - RADIO frequency modulation
N1  - Accession Number: 25431742; Miles, Jeffrey Hilton 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p988; Subject Term: AIR pressure -- Measurement; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: INTERNAL combustion engines; Subject Term: MODAL analysis; Subject Term: RADIO frequency modulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336310 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.25179
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norris, Jay P.
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - Quantum-Gravity Based Photon Dispersion in Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Detection Problem.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 906
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 108
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Gamma-ray bursts at cosmological distances offer a time-varying signal that can be used to search for energy-dependent photon dispersion effects. We show that short bursts with narrow pulse structures at high energies will offer the least ambiguous tests for energy-dependent dispersion effects. We discuss quantitative methods to search for such effects in time-tagged photon data. Utilizing observed gamma-ray burst profiles extrapolated to GeV energies, as may expected to be observed by GLAST, we also demonstrate the extent to which these methods can be used as an empirical exploration of quantum gravity formalisms. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM gravity
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - gamma-ray bursts
KW  - Lorentz invariance
KW  - quantum gravity
KW  - temporal analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 24986120; Norris, Jay P. 1 Scargle, Jeffrey D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Denver Research Institute, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208  2: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 906 Issue 1, p99; Subject Term: QUANTUM gravity; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma-ray bursts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz invariance; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantum gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: temporal analysis; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2737411
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D.A.  Gilichinsky
AU  - G.S.  Wilson
AU  - E.I.  Friedmann
AU  - C.P.  McKay
AU  - R.S.  Sletten
AU  - E.M.  Rivkina
AU  - T.A.  Vishnivetskaya
AU  - L.G.  Erokhina
AU  - N.E.  Ivanushkina
AU  - G.A.  Kochkina
AU  - V.A.  Shcherbakova
AU  - V.S.  Soina
AU  - E.V.  Spirina
AU  - E.A.  Vorobyova
AU  - D.G.  Fyodorov-Davydov
AU  - B.  Hallet
AU  - S.M.  Ozerskaya
AU  - V.A.  Sorokovikov
AU  - K.S.  Laurinavichyus
AU  - A.V.  Shatilovich
T1  - Microbial Populations in Antarctic Permafrost Biodiversity, State, Age, and Implication for Astrobiology.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 275
EP  - 311
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Antarctic permafrost soils have not received as much geocryological and biological study as has been devoted to the ice sheet, though the permafrost is more stable and older and inhabited by more microbes. This makes these soils potentially more informative and a more significant microbial repository than ice sheets. Due to the stability of the subsurface physicochemical regime, Antarctic permafrost is not an extreme environment but a balanced natural one. Up to 104viable cellsg, whose age presumably corresponds to the longevity of the permanently frozen state of the sediments, have been isolated from Antarctic permafrost. Along with the microbes, metabolic by-products are preserved. This presumed natural cryopreservation makes it possible to observe what may be the oldest microbial communities on Earth. Here, we describe the Antarctic permafrost habitat and biodiversity and provide a model for martian ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FROZEN ground
KW  - ICE caps
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
N1  - Accession Number: 25016294; D.A.  Gilichinsky 1 G.S.  Wilson 2 E.I.  Friedmann 3 C.P.  McKay 3 R.S.  Sletten 4 E.M.  Rivkina 1 T.A.  Vishnivetskaya 1 L.G.  Erokhina 5 N.E.  Ivanushkina 6 G.A.  Kochkina 6 V.A.  Shcherbakova 6 V.S.  Soina 7 E.V.  Spirina 1 E.A.  Vorobyova 7 D.G.  Fyodorov-Davydov 1 B.  Hallet 4 S.M.  Ozerskaya 6 V.A.  Sorokovikov 1 K.S.  Laurinavichyus 6 A.V.  Shatilovich 1; Affiliation:  1: Institutes of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.  2: Geology Department, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  4: Department of Earth & Space Sciences & Quaternary Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.  5: Institutes of Basic Biological Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.  6: Institutes of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.  7: Department of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p275; Subject Term: FROZEN ground; Subject Term: ICE caps; Subject Term: EXTREME environments; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Teo, Boon K.
AU  - Sun, X. H.
T1  - Silicon-Based Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials and Nanodevices.
JO  - Chemical Reviews
JF  - Chemical Reviews
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 107
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1454
EP  - 1532
SN  - 00092665
AB  - The article studies silicon-based low-dimensional nanomaterials and nanodevices. Silicon-based nanotechnology is very promising since it is compatible with conventional silicon microtechnology. The operating principles and performance of nanodevices and silicon-based nanodevices depend on properties of nanomaterial components.
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - SILICON
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - MOLECULAR electronics
KW  - CHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 25281773; Teo, Boon K. 1; Email Address: boonkteo@uic.edu Sun, X. H. 2,3; Email Address: xsun@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada  3: Center for Nranotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 107 Issue 5, p1454; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: MOLECULAR electronics; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 79p; Illustrations: 80 Diagrams, 27 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/cr030187n
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mary  Ann B. Meador
AU  - Lynn  A. Capadona
AU  - Linda  McCorkle
AU  - Demetrios  S. Papadopoulos
AU  - Nicholas  Leventis
T1  - Structure−Property Relationships in Porous 3D Nanostructures as a Function of Preparation Conditions:  Isocyanate Cross-Linked Silica Aerogels.
JO  - Chemistry of Materials
JF  - Chemistry of Materials
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2247
EP  - 2260
SN  - 08974756
AB  - Sol−gel-derived silica aerogels are attractive candidates for many unique thermal, optical, catalytic, and chemical applications because of their low density and high mesoporosity. However, their inherent fragility has restricted use of aerogel monoliths to applications in which they are not subject to any load. We have previously reported cross-linking of the mesoporous silica structure of aerogels with di-isocyanates, styrenes, or epoxies reacting with amine-decorated silica surfaces. These approaches have been shown to significantly increase the strength of aerogels with only a small effect on density or porosity. Though density is a prime predictor of properties such as strength and thermal conductivity for aerogels, it is becoming clear from previous studies that varying the silica backbone and size of the polymer cross-link independently can give rise to combinations of properties that cannot be predicted from density alone. Herein, we examine the effects of four processing parameters for producing this type of polymer cross-linked aerogel on properties of the resulting monoliths. We focus on the results of 13C CP-MAS NMR, which gives insight to the size and structure of polymer cross-link present in the monoliths and relates the size of the cross-links to microstructure, mechanical properties, and other characteristics of the materials obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemistry of Materials is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - AEROGELS
KW  - SILICON compounds
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - CERAMIC materials
N1  - Accession Number: 25109893; Mary  Ann B. Meador 1 Lynn  A. Capadona 1 Linda  McCorkle 1 Demetrios  S. Papadopoulos 1 Nicholas  Leventis 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p2247; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: AEROGELS; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Kiser, J. Douglas
AU  - Freedman, Marc
AU  - Bhatt, Ram
T1  - Modeling stress-dependent matrix cracking and stress–strain behavior in 2D woven SiC fiber reinforced CVI SiC composites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 67
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1009
EP  - 1017
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: 2D woven Hi-Nicalon and Sylramic-iBN SiC fiber reinforced chemical vapor-infiltrated (CVI) SiC matrix composites were tested at room temperature with modal acoustic emission monitoring in order to determine relationships for stress-dependent matrix cracking. The Hi-Nicalon composites varied in the number of plies (1–36), specimen thickness, and constituent content. The Sylramic-iBN composites were fabricated with balanced and unbalanced 2D weaves in order to vary the fiber volume fraction in the orthogonal directions. Not surprisingly, matrix cracking stresses tended to be, but were not always, higher for composites with higher fiber volume fractions in the loading direction. It was demonstrated that simple relationships for stress-dependent matrix cracking could be related to the stress in the load-bearing CVI SiC matrix. For low-density composites, the 90° minicomposites do not share significant loads and matrix cracking was very similar to single tow minicomposites. For higher-density composites, where significant load is carried by the 0° minicomposites, matrix cracking was dependent on the unbridged “flaw” size, i.e., the 90° tow size or unbridged transverse crack size. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - A. Ceramic-matrix composites
KW  - B. Matrix cracking
KW  - C. Acoustic emission
KW  - D. Stress–strain behavior
N1  - Accession Number: 23869114; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: Gregory.N.Morscher@grc.nasa.gov Singh, Mrityunjay 2 Kiser, J. Douglas 3 Freedman, Marc 3 Bhatt, Ram 4; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  2: QSS Group, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  4: US Army, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 67 Issue 6, p1009; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic-matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Matrix cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Acoustic emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Stress–strain behavior; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.06.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nallasamy, M.
AU  - Hixon, R.
AU  - Sawyer, S.
T1  - Solution of unsteady Euler equations: Gust–cascade interaction tones
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 724
EP  - 741
SN  - 00457930
AB  - The problem of interaction of a vortical gust with a two-dimensional cascade is considered. Full nonlinear time dependent Euler equations governing the flow are solved employing a 6th-order accurate spatial differencing scheme and a 4th-order accurate time marching technique. The vortical gust is represented by a Fourier series which includes three harmonics. The acoustic response of the cascade for single and multi frequency (vortical) excitations are calculated. The solutions show the generation and propagation of modes that are expected from the theory. It is demonstrated that at low amplitudes of excitation, the time domain analysis produces characteristics of the propagating modes such as the complex mode amplitudes, phase variations, axial waveforms, and tangential waveforms that are in very good agreement with those expected from the linear theory. The exponential decay of the cutoff modes of the first harmonic is also clearly observed. The sound pressure levels of the propagating modes obtained from the present nonlinear time domain analysis are compared with the results of a linearized Navier–Stokes solution and a linearized Euler solution (frequency domain analyses) and good agreement between the results is observed for all the propagating modes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GUST loads
KW  - CASCADES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - EULER characteristic
KW  - FOURIER analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - TIME
N1  - Accession Number: 23806725; Nallasamy, M. 1; Email Address: mnallasamy@yahoo.com Hixon, R. 2 Sawyer, S. 3; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc. NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  3: Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p724; Subject Term: GUST loads; Subject Term: CASCADES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: TIME; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.06.002
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Chevalier, Christine T.
T1  - Robust Optimization of High-Frequency Traveling-Wave Tube Slow-Wave Circuits.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 54
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1232
EP  - 1237
SN  - 00189383
AB  - An optimization algorithm has been developed to provide robust designs for slow-wave circuits of high-frequency traveling-wave tubes (TWT5). The algorithm utilizes the optimization method of simulated annealing in a TWT simulation code. By considering the effects of dimensional variations during the optimization, a phase-velocity profile of a slow-wave circuit is generated. A simulated statistical performance test of a robust design for a 94-GHz folded-waveguide circuit shows significantly less sensitivity to dimensional tolerance variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - TRAVELING-wave tubes
KW  - VACUUM-tube amplifiers
KW  - SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics)
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - optimization
KW  - robust design
KW  - simulated annealing
KW  - traveling-wave tube (TWT)
N1  - Accession Number: 25011409; Wilson, Jeffrey D. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.D.Wilson@nasa.gov Chevalier, Christine T. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  2: Analex Corporation, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 54 Issue 5, p1232; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: TRAVELING-wave tubes; Subject Term: VACUUM-tube amplifiers; Subject Term: SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics); Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust design; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulated annealing; Author-Supplied Keyword: traveling-wave tube (TWT); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2007.894613
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Narasimhan, Sriram
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
T1  - Model-Based Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 37
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 348
EP  - 361
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Techniques for diagnosing faults in hybrid systems that combine digital (discrete) supervisory controllers with analog (continuous) plants need to be different from those used for discrete or continuous systems. This paper presents a methodology for online tracking and diagnosis of hybrid systems. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach with experiments conducted on the fuel-transfer system of fighter aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - MILITARY airplanes
KW  - DISCOURSE analysis
KW  - Fault detection and isolation
KW  - hybrid systems
KW  - model-based diagnosis (MBD)
N1  - Accession Number: 24858458; Narasimhan, Sriram 1,2; Email Address: sriram@e-mail.arc.nasa.gov Biswas, Gautam 3; Email Address: gautam.biswas@vanderbilt.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Santa Cruz.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  3: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences and Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235 USA.; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p348; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes; Subject Term: DISCOURSE analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault detection and isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based diagnosis (MBD); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2007.893487
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amador, José J.
T1  - Random projection and orthonormality for lossy image compression
JO  - Image & Vision Computing
JF  - Image & Vision Computing
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 754
EP  - 766
SN  - 02628856
AB  - There exist many lossy image compression techniques, some of which are based on dimensionality reduction. In this paper, a method for lossy image compression is introduced which utilizes the dimensionality reduction technique known as Random Projection. Random Projection has proven itself as an effective technique for reducing the dimensionality of data, particularly when dimensionality d is moderately high (e.g., d <1500). Image columns or rows are treated as vectors in feature space which are thereby reduced in size to a user specified dimension k where k ≪ d. The condition of orthonormality is utilized thereby establishing a technique applicable to image compression. Although the compression is lossy, experiments indicate that the recovered image is effectively restored. Visual data is shown in the form of comparison between original and recovered image. Quantitative data includes the compression ratio achieved, the peak signal-to-noise ratio, and the root mean square error. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Image & Vision Computing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGE compression
KW  - DATA compression (Computer science)
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - COMPUTER vision
KW  - RANDOM projection method
KW  - PROJECTION
KW  - Image compression
KW  - Random projection
KW  - Transform image coding
N1  - Accession Number: 24139926; Amador, José J. 1; Email Address: Jose.J.Amador@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, KSC, FL 32899, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p754; Subject Term: IMAGE compression; Subject Term: DATA compression (Computer science); Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: COMPUTER vision; Subject Term: RANDOM projection method; Subject Term: PROJECTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Random projection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transform image coding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.imavis.2006.05.018
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Basu, Shiladitya
AU  - Waas, Anthony M.
AU  - Ambur, Damodar R.
T1  - Prediction of progressive failure in multidirectional composite laminated panels
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2648
EP  - 2676
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: A mechanism-based progressive failure analyses (PFA) approach is developed for fiber reinforced composite laminates. Each ply of the laminate is modeled as a nonlinear elastic degrading lamina in a state of plane stress according to Schapery theory (ST). In this theory, each lamina degrades as characterized through laboratory scale experiments. In the fiber direction, elastic behavior prevails, however, in the present work, the phenomenon of fiber microbuckling, which is responsible for the sudden degradation of the axial lamina properties under compression, is explicitly accounted for by allowing the fiber rotation at a material point to be a variable in the problem. The latter is motivated by experimental and numerical simulations that show that local fiber rotations in conjunction with a continuously degrading matrix are responsible for the onset of fiber microbuckling leading to kink banding. These features are built into a user defined material subroutine that is implemented through the commercial finite element (FE) software ABAQUS in conjunction with classical lamination theory (CLT) that considers a laminate as a collection of perfectly bonded lamina (Herakovich, C.T., 1998. Mechanics of Fibrous Composites. Wiley, New York). The present model, thus, disbands the notion of a fixed compressive strength, and instead uses the mechanics of the failure process to provide the in situ compression strength of a material point in a lamina, the latter being dictated strongly by the current local stress state, the current state of the lamina transverse material properties and the local fiber rotation. The inputs to the present work are laboratory scale, coupon level test data that provide information on the lamina transverse property degradation (i.e. appropriate, measured, strain–stress relations of the lamina transverse properties), the elastic lamina orthotropic properties, the ultimate tensile strength of the lamina in the fiber direction, the stacking sequence of the laminate and the geometry of the structural panel. The validity of the approach advocated is demonstrated through numerical simulations of the response of two composite structural panels that are loaded to complete failure. A flat, 24-ply unstiffened panel with a cutout subjected to in-plane shear loading, and a double notched 70-ply unstiffened stitched panel subjected to axial compression are selected for study. The predictions of the simulations are compared against experimental data. Good agreement between the present PFA and the experimental data are reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 33881868; Basu, Shiladitya 1 Waas, Anthony M. 2; Email Address: dcw@umich.edu Ambur, Damodar R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Technical Professional – Marine, Granherne Inc., 601 Jefferson Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA  2: Composite Structures Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI-48109, USA  3: Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 44 Issue 9, p2648; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2006.08.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vargas, Mario
AU  - Broughton, Howard
AU  - Sims, James J.
AU  - Bleeze, Brian
AU  - Gaines, Vatanna
T1  - Local and Total Density Measurements in Ice Shapes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/05//May/Jun2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 780
EP  - 780
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Preliminary measurements of local and total densities inside ice shapes were obtained from ice shapes grown in the NASA John H. Glenn Icing Research Tunnel for a range of glaze ice, rime ice, and mixed-phase ice conditions on a NACA 0012 airfoil at 0-deg angle of attack. Prodi's x-ray contact microradiography method was extended using modern imaging techniques to conduct the measurements. The ice shapes were removed from the airfoil and a slice of ice 3-mm thick was obtained using a microtome. The resulting samples were then x-rayed to obtain a microradiograph, the film was digitized, and image processing techniques were used to extract the local and total density values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - GLAZE (Meteorology)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MICRORADIOGRAPHY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 25563646; Vargas, Mario 1 Broughton, Howard 2 Sims, James J. 3 Bleeze, Brian 4 Gaines, Vatanna 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brook Park, Ohio 44135  2: Pace Levy Inc., Westlake, Ohio 44145  3: Universal Imaging Corporation, Downingtown, Pennsylvania 19335  4: ISPA Technology, Inc., Alexandria, Virginia 22314  5: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Marietta, Georgia 30063; Source Info: May/Jun2007, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p780; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: GLAZE (Meteorology); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MICRORADIOGRAPHY; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.23326
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaehyung Ju
AU  - Morgan, Roger J.
AU  - Creasy, Terry S.
AU  - Shin, E. Eugene
T1  - Transverse Cracking of M40J/PMR-II-50 Composites under Thermal-Mechanical Loading: Part II -- Experiment and Analytical Investigation.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1067
EP  - 1086
SN  - 00219983
AB  - In this study, the effects of thermal cycling combined with mechanical loading on the microcracking of M40J/PM R-II-50 are investigated. Characterization of the failure mechanisms are conducted based on the critical parameters which cause composite microcracking, as presented in Part I. Based on the test results in Part I, the tests with intermediate in-plane lamina strain (0.175-0.350%) and an increased number of thermal cycles are added. Elevated temperature thermal cycling (23-250°C) is also added to the original test plan to investigate the thermal cycling temperature amplitude effect on microcracking of the composites. Observations indicate that the elevated temperature exposure under mechanical loads causes an easy fiber/matrix debonding. Subsequent exposure to cryogenic temperatures results in fiber/matrix debonding due to the high thermal stresses associated with fiber/ matrix thermal expansion mismatch. Crack propagation under cryogenic exposures is shown to be dominant with an increasing number of thermal cycles, especially when combined with high temperature exposure associated with high amplitude of cyclic thermal stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS at high temperatures
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - high temperature failure
KW  - interfacial failure
KW  - M40J/PMR-II-50 (carbon fiber/polyimide composites)
KW  - microcracks
KW  - thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 25312141; Jaehyung Ju 1; Email Address: jaehyung@tamu.edu Morgan, Roger J. 1 Creasy, Terry S. 1 Shin, E. Eugene 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p1067; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS at high temperatures; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: interfacial failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: M40J/PMR-II-50 (carbon fiber/polyimide composites); Author-Supplied Keyword: microcracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal cycling; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998306067260
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marvin L.  Illingsworth
AU  - Huixiong  Dai
AU  - Wei  Wang
AU  - Derek  Chow
AU  - Emilie J.  Siochi
AU  - Kenwan  Yang
AU  - Julie M.  Leiston‐Belanger
AU  - Jennifer  Jankauskas
T1  - Pendent polyimides using mellitic acid dianhydride. II. Structure–property relationships for zirconium‐containing pendent polymers.
JO  - Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1641
EP  - 1652
SN  - 0887624X
AB  - Using mellitic acid dianhydride to prepare Zr‐containing pendent copolyimides (co‐PIs) is currently being evaluated as a means of further increasing Zr concentration and atomic oxygen resistance while retaining other desirable film properties. The immediate objectives en route to this ultimate goal are: (1) to address the increased tendency of copolyamic acids (co‐PAAs) to undergo gelation during polymerizations and upon addition of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide during the Zr appending reactions, and (2) for multilayer films, to increase the number of layers that can be applied prior to crack formation. To accomplish these two objectives, a targeted structure–property study has been performed, holding the Zr concentration constant at 10 mol %. The polymer starting materials chosen for this investigation include PMDA and OPDA (dianhydrides), and 4,4′‐ODA, 3,4′‐ODA, and 1,3‐APB (diamines). The spectroscopic data for all polymer products are consistent with the expected amic acid, imide, pendent, and nonpendent structures. Thin‐layer chromatography, viscosity, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results confirm the polymeric nature of the Zr pendent and nonpendent co‐PAA precursors, with intrinsic viscosities (η0) of 0.86–0.46 for the former and 0.76–0.38 for the latter. Weight‐average molecular weights are estimated from GPC to be 115,400–436,000 g/mol for the former and 38,300–111,200 g/mol for the latter. While there was little observable effect of structure change on tendency to form gel, APB‐containing Zr pendent copolyimide had the lowest glass transition temperature and allowed the largest number of layers to be cast in a single film without cracking (10 layers) of the pendent copolyimides in this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1641–1652, 2007 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - ZIRCONIUM
KW  - POLYMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 24584065; Marvin L.  Illingsworth 1 Huixiong  Dai 1 Wei  Wang 1 Derek  Chow 1 Emilie J.  Siochi 2 Kenwan  Yang 1 Julie M.  Leiston‐Belanger 1 Jennifer  Jankauskas 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623‐5603  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681‐2199; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p1641; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM; Subject Term: POLYMERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bos, Wouter J. T.
AU  - Clark, Timothy T.
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Small scale response and modeling of periodically forced turbulence.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 055107
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The response of the small scales of isotropic turbulence to periodic large scale forcing is studied using two-point closures. The frequency response of the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate, and the phase shifts among production, energy, and dissipation are determined as functions of the Reynolds number. It is observed that the amplitude and phase of the dissipation exhibit nontrivial frequency and Reynolds number dependence that reveals a filtering effect of the energy cascade. Perturbation analysis is applied to understand this behavior which is shown to depend on distant interactions between widely separated scales of motion. Finally, the extent to which finite dimensional models (standard two-equation models and various generalizations) can reproduce the observed behavior is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ELECTRICAL engineering
KW  - PHASE shift (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - AXIAL flow
N1  - Accession Number: 25298294; Bos, Wouter J. T. 1 Clark, Timothy T. 2 Rubinstein, Robert 3; Affiliation:  1: LMFA, UMR CNRS 5509, Ecole Centrale de Lyon-Université Lyon 1-INSA de Lyon, 69134 Ecully, France  2: Tau Technologies, Albuquerque, New Mexico  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p055107; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL engineering; Subject Term: PHASE shift (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2728939
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bivolaru, Daniel
AU  - Herring, G. C.
T1  - Focal-plane imaging of crossed beams in nonlinear optics experiments.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 78
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 056102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - An application of focal-plane imaging that can be used as a real time diagnostic of beam crossing in various optical techniques is reported. We discuss two specific versions and demonstrate the capability of maximizing system performance with an example in a combined dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering-interferometric Rayleigh scattering experiment (CARS-IRS). We find that this imaging diagnostic significantly reduces beam alignment time and loss of CARS-IRS signals due to inadvertent misalignments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOCAL planes
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - NONLINEAR optics
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 25684773; Bivolaru, Daniel 1 Herring, G. C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, 18 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 78 Issue 5, p056102; Subject Term: FOCAL planes; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: NONLINEAR optics; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2735581
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Derry, Gregory N.
T1  - Atomistic modeling of segregation and bulk ordering in Ag–Au alloys
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 601
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2038
EP  - 2046
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: The bulk and surface properties of Ag–Au alloys, for the whole range of concentration and as a function of temperature, is studied by means of a simple modeling scheme using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith method for alloys. Evidence for short-range order is found and explained, as well as its relationship with the experimentally observed segregation behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Gold
KW  - Monte Carlo simulations
KW  - Silver
KW  - Surface segregation
N1  - Accession Number: 24862791; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1; Email Address: Guillermo.H.Bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov Garcés, Jorge E. 2 Derry, Gregory N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH and NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina  3: Physics Department, Loyola College, 4501 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 601 Issue 9, p2038; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silver; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface segregation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2007.02.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thacker, W.
AU  - Sarkar, S.
AU  - Gatski, T.
T1  - Analyzing the influence of compressibility on the rapid pressure–strain rate correlation in turbulent shear flows.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2007/05//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 199
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - The influence of compressibility on the rapid pressure–strain rate tensor is investigated using the Green’s function for the wave equation governing pressure fluctuations in compressible homogeneous shear flow. The solution for the Green’s function is obtained as a combination of parabolic cylinder functions; it is oscillatory with monotonically increasing frequency and decreasing amplitude at large times, and anisotropic in wave-vector space. The Green’s function depends explicitly on the turbulent Mach number M  t , given by the root mean square turbulent velocity fluctuations divided by the speed of sound, and the gradient Mach number M  g , which is the mean shear rate times the transverse integral scale of the turbulence divided by the speed of sound. Assuming a form for the temporal decorrelation of velocity fluctuations brought about by the turbulence, the rapid pressure–strain rate tensor is expressed exactly in terms of the energy (or Reynolds stress) spectrum tensor and the time integral of the Green’s function times a decaying exponential. A model for the energy spectrum tensor linear in Reynolds stress anisotropies and in mean shear is assumed for closure. The expression for the rapid pressure–strain correlation is evaluated using parameters applicable to a mixing layer and a boundary layer. It is found that for the same range of M  t  there is a large reduction of the pressure–strain correlation in the mixing layer but not in the boundary layer. Implications for compressible turbulence modeling are also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - WAVE equation
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - MACH number
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - 47
KW  - 47.10.A
KW  - 47.27.eb
KW  - Compressible turbulence
KW  - Supersonic shear flows
KW  - Turbulence theory
N1  - Accession Number: 24732091; Thacker, W. 1 Sarkar, S. 2; Email Address: sarkar@ucsd.edu Gatski, T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Center for Fluids at All Scales , Saint Louis University , St Louis 63103 USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering , University of California at San Diego , La Jolla 92093 USA  3: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p171; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: WAVE equation; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: 47; Author-Supplied Keyword: 47.10.A; Author-Supplied Keyword: 47.27.eb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressible turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic shear flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence theory; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-007-0043-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, G.L.
AU  - Mochena, M.D.
AU  - Bauschlicher, C.W.
T1  - Structure and magnetic properties of (GaAs) n Mn m  and (GaAs) n Fe m  clusters
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/05/04/
VL  - 439
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: The electronic and geometrical structures of (GaAs) n Mn m  and (GaAs) n Fe m  clusters (for m =1, n =2–4, for m =2, n =1–4, and for m =3, n =4) are studied using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. The clusters are found to possess a large number of isomers that are close in total energy. For the clusters with multiple metal atoms, the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic couplings of the excess spin densities at the metal sites are close in energy. (GaAs)2Mn2, (GaAs)3Mn2, and (GaAs)4Mn3 have antiferromagnetic ground states, while all of the Fe n -containing species, GaAsMn2 and (GaAs)4Mn2 have ferromagnetic ground states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
KW  - ISOMERASES
KW  - MAGNETIC properties
N1  - Accession Number: 24866732; Gutsev, G.L. 1; Email Address: gennady.gutsev@famu.edu Mochena, M.D. 1 Bauschlicher, C.W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States  2: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 439 Issue 1-3, p95; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: ISOMERASES; Subject Term: MAGNETIC properties; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.03.050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Aharonson, O.
AU  - Clark, B.C.
AU  - Cohen, B. A.
AU  - Crumpler, L.
AU  - De Souza, P. A.
AU  - Farrand, W. H.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Grotzinger, J. P.
AU  - Haldemann, A. F. C.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
AU  - Klingethöfer, G.
AU  - Lewis, K. W.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - McCoy, T.
AU  - McEwen, A. S.
AU  - McSween, H. V.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
T1  - Pyroclastic Activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/05/04/
VL  - 316
IS  - 5825
M3  - Article
SP  - 738
EP  - 742
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Home Plate is a layered plateau in Gusev crater on Mars. It is composed of clastic rocks of moderately altered alkali basalt composition, enriched in some highly volatile elements. A coarse- grained lower unit lies under a finer-grained upper unit. Textural observations indicate that the lower strata were emplaced in an explosive event, and geochemical considerations favor an explosive volcanic origin over an impact origin. The lower unit likely represents accumulation of pyroclastic materials, whereas the upper unit may represent eolian reworking of the same pyroclastic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLATEAUS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - IGNEOUS rocks
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - NATURAL disasters
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 25111671; Squyres, S. W. 1 Aharonson, O. 2 Clark, B.C. 3 Cohen, B. A. 4 Crumpler, L. 5 De Souza, P. A. 6 Farrand, W. H. 7 Gellert, R. 8 Grant, J. 9 Grotzinger, J. P. 2 Haldemann, A. F. C. 10 Johnson, J. R. 11 Klingethöfer, G. 12 Lewis, K. W. 2 Li, R. 13 McCoy, T. 14 McEwen, A. S. 15 McSween, H. V. 16 Ming, D. W. 17 Moore, J. M. 18; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA  4: Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA  5: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA  6: Vallourec Research Center, F-59260 Aulnoye-Aymeries, France  7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  8: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada  9: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA  10: Jet Propulsion laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  11: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  12: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitãt, Mainz, Germany  13: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Geodetic Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  14: Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA  15: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  16: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  17: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, IX 77058, USA  18: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/4/2007, Vol. 316 Issue 5825, p738; Subject Term: PLATEAUS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: IGNEOUS rocks; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Subject Term: NATURAL disasters; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rouillé, G.
AU  - Arold, M.
AU  - Staicu, A.
AU  - Krasnokutski, S.
AU  - Huisken, F.
AU  - Henning, Th.
AU  - Tan, X.
AU  - Salama, F.
T1  - S1(1A1)←S0(1A1) transition of benzo[g,h,i]perylene in supersonic jets and rare gas matrices.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2007/05/07/
VL  - 126
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 174311
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The study of the S1(1A1)←S0(1A1) transition of benzo[g,h,i]perylene (BghiP, C22H12) in supersonic jets and solid rare gas matrices is reported. In the jet-cooled spectrum, the origin band position is located at 25 027.1±0.2 cm-1, the assignment being supported by the analysis of vibrational shifts and rotational band contours. Except for the origin band, which is weak, all bands are attributed to the fundamental excitation of nontotally symmetric b1 vibrational modes of S1. The intensity pattern is interpreted as a consequence of the weak oscillator strength of the electronic transition combined with intensity-borrowing through vibronic interaction between the S1(1A1) and S2(1B1) states. The spectra of the S1(1A1)←S0(1A1) and S2(1B1)←S0(1A1) transitions have also been measured for BghiP in solid neon and argon matrices. The comparison of the redshifts determined for either transition reveals that the polarizability of BghiP is larger in its S2 than in its S1 state. Bandwidths of 2.7 cm-1 measured in supersonic jets, which provide conditions relevant for astrophysics, are similar to those of most diffuse interstellar bands. The electronic transitions of BghiP are found to lie outside the ranges covered by present databases. From the comparison between experimental spectra and theoretical computations, it is concluded that the accuracy of empirical and ab initio approaches in predicting electronic energies is still not sufficient to identify astrophysically interesting candidates for spectroscopic laboratory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPIN-lattice relaxation
KW  - SPIN excitations
KW  - MOLECULAR theory
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - CHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 27970932; Rouillé, G. 1 Arold, M. 1 Staicu, A. 1 Krasnokutski, S. 1 Huisken, F. 1; Email Address: friedrich.huisken@uni-jena.de Henning, Th. 2 Tan, X. 3 Salama, F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Festkörperphysik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, D-07743 Jena, Germany  2: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: 5/7/2007, Vol. 126 Issue 17, p174311; Subject Term: SPIN-lattice relaxation; Subject Term: SPIN excitations; Subject Term: MOLECULAR theory; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2727467
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knutson, Heather A.
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Allen, Lori E.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Cowan, Nicolas B.
AU  - Showman, Adam P.
AU  - Cooper, Curtis S.
AU  - Megeath, S. Thomas
T1  - A map of the day–night contrast of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/05/10/
VL  - 447
IS  - 7141
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 186
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - ‘Hot Jupiter’ extrasolar planets are expected to be tidally locked because they are close (<0.05 astronomical units, where 1 au is the average Sun–Earth distance) to their parent stars, resulting in permanent daysides and nightsides. By observing systems where the planet and star periodically eclipse each other, several groups have been able to estimate the temperatures of the daysides of these planets. A key question is whether the atmosphere is able to transport the energy incident upon the dayside to the nightside, which will determine the temperature at different points on the planet’s surface. Here we report observations of HD 189733, the closest of these eclipsing planetary systems, over half an orbital period, from which we can construct a ‘map’ of the distribution of temperatures. We detected the increase in brightness as the dayside of the planet rotated into view. We estimate a minimum brightness temperature of 973 ± 33 K and a maximum brightness temperature of 1,212 ± 11 K at a wavelength of 8 μm, indicating that energy from the irradiated dayside is efficiently redistributed throughout the atmosphere, in contrast to a recent claim for another hot Jupiter. Our data indicate that the peak hemisphere-integrated brightness occurs 16 ± 6° before opposition, corresponding to a hotspot shifted east of the substellar point. The secondary eclipse (when the planet moves behind the star) occurs 120 ± 24 s later than predicted, which may indicate a slightly eccentric orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STARS with planets
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 24998180; Knutson, Heather A. 1; Email Address: hknutson@cfa.harvard.edu Charbonneau, David 1 Allen, Lori E. 1 Fortney, Jonathan J. 2,3 Agol, Eric 4 Cowan, Nicolas B. 4 Showman, Adam P. 5 Cooper, Curtis S. 5 Megeath, S. Thomas 6; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA  5: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA; Source Info: 5/10/2007, Vol. 447 Issue 7141, p183; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STARS with planets; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature05782
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
AU  - Murthy, Pappu L. N.
AU  - Mital, Subodh K.
AU  - Palko, Joseph L.
AU  - Cuneo, Jacques C.
AU  - Koenig, John R.
T1  - Development of Design Analysis Methods for Carbon Silicon Carbide Composite Structures.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2007/05/15/
VL  - 41
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1197
EP  - 1215
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The stress-strain behavior at room temperature and at 1100°C (2000°F) is measured for two carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composite materials: a two dimensional (2D) plain-weave quasi-isotropic laminate and a 3D angle interlock woven composite. Previously developed micromechanics-based material models are calibrated by correlating the predicted material property values with the measured values. Four-point beam-bending subelement specimens are fabricated with these two fiber architectures and four-point bending tests are performed at room temperature and at 1100°C. Displacements and strains are measured at the mid-span of the beam and recorded as a function of load magnitude. The calibrated material models are used in concert with a nonlinear finite-element solution using ABAQUS to simulate the structural response of the two materials in the four-point beam bending tests. The structural response predicted by the nonlinear analysis method compared favorably with the measured response for both materials and both test temperatures. Results show that the material models scale-up fairly well from coupons to subcomponent level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - BENDING stresses
KW  - analytical material modeling
KW  - carbon silicon carbide composites
KW  - mechanical properties
KW  - micromechanics
KW  - thermal properties
KW  - UMAT
KW  - user-supplied subroutine
N1  - Accession Number: 25563635; Sullivan, Roy M. 1; Email Address: Roy.M.Sullivan@grc.nasa.gov Murthy, Pappu L. N. 1 Mital, Subodh K. 2 Palko, Joseph L. 3 Cuneo, Jacques C. 4 Koenig, John R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 49-7, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA  3: Connecticut Reserve Technologies, Cleveland, OH, USA  4: Southern Research Institute, 757 Tom Martin Drive Birmingham, AL 35211, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 41 Issue 10, p1197; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: BENDING stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: analytical material modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon silicon carbide composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: UMAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: user-supplied subroutine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998306067305
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Ghosn, L.J.
AU  - Lerch, B.A.
AU  - Hebsur, M.
AU  - Cosgriff, L.M.
AU  - Fedor, J.
T1  - Mechanical properties of 17-4PH stainless steel foam panels
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2007/05/15/
VL  - 456
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 305
EP  - 316
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Rectangular 17-4PH stainless steel sandwiched foam panels were fabricated using a commercial manufacturing technique by brazing two sheets to a foam core. Microstructural observations of the panels revealed large variations in the quality of the brazed areas from one panel to the next as well as within the same panel. Shear tests conducted on specimens machined from the panels exhibited failures either at poorly brazed face sheet–foam core interfaces or within foam cores of well-bonded specimens. Compression tests were conducted on the foam cores to evaluate their elastic and plastic deformation behavior. These data were compared with published data on polymeric and metallic foams, and with theoretical deformation models proposed for open cell foams. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - STEEL alloys
KW  - FOAMED materials
KW  - SOLDER & soldering
KW  - 17-4PH stainless steel
KW  - Fan blades
KW  - Mechanical strength
KW  - Sandwiched foams
N1  - Accession Number: 24460884; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Ghosn, L.J. 2 Lerch, B.A. 1 Hebsur, M. 2 Cosgriff, L.M. 3 Fedor, J. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Cleveland State University, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 456 Issue 1/2, p305; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: STEEL alloys; Subject Term: FOAMED materials; Subject Term: SOLDER & soldering; Author-Supplied Keyword: 17-4PH stainless steel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fan blades; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwiched foams; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333992 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2006.11.142
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bennett, Albert F.
AU  - Lenskit, Richard E.
T1  - An experimental test of evolutionary trade-offs during temperature adaptation.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/05/16/5/15/2007 Supplement
VL  - 104
M3  - Article
SP  - 8649
EP  - 8654
SN  - 00278424
AB  - We used experimental evolution to test directly the important and commonplace evolutionary hypothesis that adaptation, increased fitness within the selective environment, is accompanied by trade-off, a loss of fitness in other nonselective environments. Specifically, we determined whether trade-offs at high temperature generally and necessarily accompany genetic adaptation to low temperature. We measured the relative fitness increment of 24 lineages of the bacterium Escherichia coli evolved for 2,000 generations at 20°C and the relative fitness decrement of these lines at 40°C. Trade-offs at the higher temperature were examined for their generality, universality, quantitative relationship, and historical contingency. Considering all 24 lines as a group, a significant decline in fitness was found at 40°C (mean decline = 9.4%), indicating the generality of the trade-off effect. However, in a lineage-by-lineage analysis, only 15 of 24 showed a significant trade-off, and one lineage increased fitness at high temperature. Thus, although general, trade-offs were not universal. Furthermore, there was no quantitative association between the magnitude of adaptive fitness increment at 20°C and fitness decline at 40°C, and no effect of lineages' historical thermal environment on either their improvement at 20°C or the extent of their trade-off at high temperature. We do not yet know the underlying mechanisms responsible for the trade-off, but they are sufficiently prevalent to drive a general effect. However, approximately one-third of the experimental lineages achieved low-temperature adaptation without detectable high-temperature trade-offs; therefore, it cannot be necessary that every change conferring benefit in cold environments has a negative effect on function in warmer environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - ESCHERICHIA coli
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - EVOLUTION (Biology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Biology)
KW  - bacteria
KW  - evolution
KW  - fitness
N1  - Accession Number: 25267562; Bennett, Albert F. 1,2; Email Address: abennett@uci.edu Lenskit, Richard E. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; Source Info: 5/15/2007 Supplement, Vol. 104, p8649; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: EVOLUTION (Biology); Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Biology); Author-Supplied Keyword: bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: fitness; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0702117104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swanson, R.C.
AU  - Turkel, E.
AU  - Rossow, C.-C.
T1  - Convergence acceleration of Runge–Kutta schemes for solving the Navier–Stokes equations
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2007/05/20/
VL  - 224
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 365
EP  - 388
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The convergence of a Runge–Kutta (RK) scheme with multigrid is accelerated by preconditioning with a fully implicit operator. With the extended stability of the Runge–Kutta scheme, CFL numbers as high as 1000 can be used. The implicit preconditioner addresses the stiffness in the discrete equations associated with stretched meshes. This RK/implicit scheme is used as a smoother for multigrid. Fourier analysis is applied to determine damping properties. Numerical dissipation operators based on the Roe scheme, a matrix dissipation, and the CUSP scheme are considered in evaluating the RK/implicit scheme. In addition, the effect of the number of RK stages is examined. Both the numerical and computational efficiency of the scheme with the different dissipation operators are discussed. The RK/implicit scheme is used to solve the two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) compressible, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations. Turbulent flows over an airfoil and wing at subsonic and transonic conditions are computed. The effects of the cell aspect ratio on convergence are investigated for Reynolds numbers between and . It is demonstrated that the implicit preconditioner can reduce the computational time of a well-tuned standard RK scheme by a factor between 4 and 10. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOKES equations
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - Fourier analysis
KW  - Implicit preconditioning
KW  - Multigrid
KW  - Navier–Stokes
KW  - Runge–Kutta
N1  - Accession Number: 25031938; Swanson, R.C. 1; Email Address: r.c.swanson@nasa.gov Turkel, E. 2 Rossow, C.-C. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Computational Aerosciences Branch, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Tel-Aviv University, Department of Mathematics, Tel-Aviv, Israel  3: DLR, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Lilienthalplatz 7, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 224 Issue 1, p365; Subject Term: STOKES equations; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Implicit preconditioning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multigrid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Runge–Kutta; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25031938&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Pengbei
AU  - Lee, Chonghoon
AU  - Verweij, Henk
AU  - Akbar, Sheikh A.
AU  - Hunter, Gary
AU  - Dutta, Prabir K.
T1  - High temperature sensor array for simultaneous determination of O2, CO, and CO2 with kernel ridge regression data analysis
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2007/05/21/
VL  - 123
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 950
EP  - 963
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: A sensor array comprising of three chemical gas sensors was evaluated to predict the concentrations of O2, CO, and CO2 in a gas stream with the sensors at 600°C. The data analysis involved a non-linear multivariate regression method (kernel ridge regression, KRR) along with a searching algorithm to predict gas concentrations. The sensors in the array included a resistance-based 2% CuO/10% La2O3/TiO2 sensor, and two potentiometric sensors, including a yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) sensor with a metal/metal oxide internal reference electrode, and a lithium phosphate-based sensor. In addition, the possibility of using the KRR algorithm to predict gas concentrations beyond the training data is explored. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - CHEMICAL detectors
KW  - RIDGE regression (Statistics)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - Combustion sensors
KW  - Exhaust analysis
KW  - Fire safety
KW  - Harsh environment
N1  - Accession Number: 24969816; Zhang, Pengbei 1 Lee, Chonghoon 2 Verweij, Henk 2 Akbar, Sheikh A. 2 Hunter, Gary 3 Dutta, Prabir K. 4; Email Address: dutta.1@osu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2015 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1272, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210-1178, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH 43210-178, USA; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 123 Issue 2, p950; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL detectors; Subject Term: RIDGE regression (Statistics); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exhaust analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harsh environment; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2006.11.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Barrett, C.
AU  - Karthikeyan, J.
AU  - Garlick, R.
T1  - Comparison of the cyclic oxidation behavior of cold sprayed CuCrAl-coated and uncoated GRCop-84 substrates for space launch vehicles
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2007/05/21/
VL  - 201
IS  - 16/17
M3  - Article
SP  - 7222
EP  - 7234
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: A newly developed Cu–23 (wt.%) Cr–5% Al (CuCrAl) alloy shown to resist hydridation and oxidation in an as-cast form is currently being considered as a protective coating for GRCop-84, which is an advanced copper alloy containing 8 (at.%) Cr and 4 (at.%) Nb. The coating was deposited on GRCop-84 substrates by the cold spray deposition technique. Cyclic oxidation tests conducted in air on both coated and uncoated substrates between 773 and 1073 K revealed that the coating remained intact and protected the substrate up to 1073 K. No significant weight loss of the coated specimens were observed at 773 and 873 K after cumulative cyclic times of 500 and 250 h, respectively. About a 10% weight loss observed at 973 and 1073 K was attributed to the excessive oxidation of the uncoated sides. In contrast, the uncoated substrate lost as much as 80% of its original weight under similar test conditions. It is concluded that the cold sprayed CuCrAl coating is suitable for protecting GRCop-84 substrates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - Cold spray
KW  - Copper alloy coating
KW  - GRCop-84
KW  - Launch vehicles
KW  - NiCrAlY coating
KW  - Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 24708202; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Barrett, C. 1 Karthikeyan, J. 2 Garlick, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: ASB Industries, Inc., Barberton, OH 44203-1689, United States; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 201 Issue 16/17, p7222; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold spray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper alloy coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: GRCop-84; Author-Supplied Keyword: Launch vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiCrAlY coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.01.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Ghosn, L.J.
AU  - Robinson, C.
AU  - Humphrey, D.
T1  - High heat flux exposures of coated GRCop-84 substrates
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2007/05/25/
VL  - 457
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 300
EP  - 312
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: The performance of several overlay coatings on Cu–8at.%Cr4%Nb alloy (GRCop-84) thermally cycled in a high heat flux hydrogen–oxygen combustion flame are reported. Finite element analyses (FEA) were conducted to evaluate the expected performances of coatings with different thermal conductivities as well as to determine a suitable thickness for coating deposition. Top coats consisting of Cu–26%Cr, NiAl and NiCrAlY along with a Cu–8%Cr bond coat were vacuum plasma sprayed on GRCop-84 thin sheet specimens. It was observed that the Cu–26%Cr coating formed blisters whereas the NiAl and NiCrAlY coatings showed no significant differences between the exposed and unexposed specimens. Water-cooled rectangular specimens specially designed to simulate a rocket engine liner were coated with a NiCrAlY-top coat using either a Cu–8%Cr or a Cu–8%Cr–1%Al bond coat. Preliminary tests conducted on these specimens showed no visible evidence of coating spallation after 40 cycles. The measured temperatures and heat fluxes were used in FEA models to estimate the stresses, strains and temperatures across the coating interfaces in these specimens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATINGS industry
KW  - THIN films
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - STRESS waves
KW  - Coatings
KW  - Copper alloys
KW  - Hydrogen–oxygen test
KW  - Space launch vehicles
KW  - Vacuum plasma spray
N1  - Accession Number: 24545532; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Ghosn, L.J. 2 Robinson, C. 3 Humphrey, D. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, MS 49-7, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: QSS Group, Inc., 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  4: ASRC Aerospace, MS 106-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: May2007, Vol. 457 Issue 1/2, p300; Subject Term: COATINGS industry; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRESS waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen–oxygen test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space launch vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vacuum plasma spray; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2006.12.133
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doty, Michael J.
AU  - Henderson, Brenda S.
AU  - Kinzie, Kevin W.
T1  - Turbulence Measurements of Separate-Flow Nozzles with Pylon Interaction Using Particle Image Velocimetry.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1281
EP  - 1281
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Particle image velocimetry measurements for separate-flow nozzles with bypass ratio five have recently been obtained in the NASA Langley Jet Noise Laboratory. The six configurations tested include a baseline configuration with round core and fan nozzles, an eight-chevron core nozzle at two different clocking positions, and repeats of these configurations with a pylon included. One run condition representative of takeoff was investigated for all cases. The unsteady flowfield measurements complement recent computational, acoustic, and mean flowfield studies performed at NASA Langley for the same nozzle configurations and run condition. The baseline configuration measurements show good agreement with existing mean and turbulent flowfield data. Nonetheless, the baseline configuration turbulence profile indicates an asymmetric flowfield, despite careful attention to concentricity. The presence of the pylon increases the upper shear layer turbulence levels while simultaneously decreasing the turbulence levels in the lower shear layer. In addition, a slightly shorter potential core length is observed with the addition of the pylon. Finally, comparisons of computational results with current measurements are favorable for mean flow, slightly overpredicted for Reynolds shear stress, and underpredicted for Reynolds normal stress components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
N1  - Accession Number: 25453901; Doty, Michael J. 1 Henderson, Brenda S. 1 Kinzie, Kevin W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1281; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.20420
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25453901&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen, Nhan T.
AU  - Bright, Michelle M.
AU  - Culley, Dennis
T1  - Adaptive Feedback Optimal Control of Flow Separation on Stators by Air Injection.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1393
EP  - 1393
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper presents an adaptive flow control approach for controlling flow separation in a stator cascade within a low-speed axial-flow compressor using an air injection technique. Flow separation usually manifests itself as an increase in a total pressure loss across a blade row. A 1-D unsteady flow model based on the Euler equations incorporating a pressure loss parameter is used to design a feedback control of the total pressure at the outlet. The feedback adaptive control strategy relies on a recursive least-square parameter estimation to estimate the effectiveness of air injection. A nonlinear trajectory optimization is developed to determine an optimal air injection gain schedule. Disturbances due to variations in the inlet flow condition at the stator blade row are minimized by a quasi-steady state error-correction feedback optimal control to maintain a desired air injection value. The nonlinear optimization and quasi-steady state feedback optimal control are recently developed based on an adjoint method for the Euler equations. A numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed flow control strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AXIAL flow compressors
KW  - LAGRANGE equations
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
N1  - Accession Number: 25453897; Nguyen, Nhan T. 1 Bright, Michelle M. 2 Culley, Dennis 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1393; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AXIAL flow compressors; Subject Term: LAGRANGE equations; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.18226
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiao, X.
AU  - Hassan, H. A.
AU  - Baurle, R. A.
T1  - Modeling Scramjet Flows with Variable Turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt Numbers.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1415
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A complete turbulence model is presented in which the turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers are calculated as part of the solution and in which averages involving chemical source terms are modeled. The model avoids the use of assumed or evolution probability distribution functions and thus results in a highly efficient algorithm for reacting flows. The predictions from the model are compared with two sets of experiments involving supersonic mixing and one involving supersonic combustion. Two sets of H2/air chemical kinetic mechanisms are considered: one involving 7 species and 7 reactions, the other involving 9 species and 19 reactions, with reaction rates being dependent on both pressure and temperature. The results demonstrate the need for consideration of turbulence/chemistry interactions in supersonic combustion. In general, good agreement with the experiment is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
N1  - Accession Number: 25453917; Xiao, X. 1 Hassan, H. A. 1 Baurle, R. A. 2; Affiliation:  1: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1415; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26382
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25453917&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HALVERSON, J.
AU  - BLACK, M.
AU  - BRAUN, S.
AU  - CECIL, D.
AU  - GOODMAN, M.
AU  - HEYMSFIELD, A.
AU  - HEYMSFIELD, G.
AU  - HOOD, R.
AU  - KRISHNAMURTI, T.
AU  - MCFAROUHAR, G.
AU  - MAHONEY, M.J.
AU  - MOLINARI, J.
AU  - ROGERS, R.
AU  - TURK, J.
AU  - VELDEN, C.
AU  - ZHANG, D.-L.
AU  - ZIPSER, E.
AU  - KAKAR, R.
T1  - NASA'S TROPICAL CLOUD SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES EXPERIMENT: Investigating Tropical Cyclogenesis and Hurricane Intensity Change.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 88
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 867
EP  - 882
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article describes the efforts of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in addressing issues related to tropical cyclone formation and intensification. NASA conducted a field campaign known as the Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes (TCSP) experiment. An outline of some of the key questions related to tropical cyclone genesis and intensity change is presented. A list of TCSP Science Team members is presented. The TCSP experiment examined some of the outstanding questions of tropical cyclone formation over the western Atlantic. TCSP explored the utility of promising new technologies such as the Aerosonde UAV, for providing tropical cyclone environments.
KW  - CYCLONES
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - STORMS
KW  - TYPHOONS
KW  - TORNADOES
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - TROPICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 25809815; HALVERSON, J. 1; Email Address: jeffhalv@umbc.edu BLACK, M. 2 BRAUN, S. 3 CECIL, D. 4 GOODMAN, M. 5 HEYMSFIELD, A. 6 HEYMSFIELD, G. 3 HOOD, R. 5 KRISHNAMURTI, T. 7 MCFAROUHAR, G. 8 MAHONEY, M.J. 9 MOLINARI, J. 10 ROGERS, R. 2 TURK, J. 11 VELDEN, C. 12 ZHANG, D.-L. 13 ZIPSER, E. 14 KAKAR, R. 15; Affiliation:  1: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Baltimore. Maryland  2: NOAA/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  4: Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama. Huntsviile, Huntsville, Alabama  5: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama  6: University Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  7: The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida  8: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Urbana, Iliinois  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  10: University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York  11: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC  12: University of Wisconsin, Madison- Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, Madison, Wisconsin  13: University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  14: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah  15: NASA Headquarters Science Mission Directorate, Washington, DC.; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 88 Issue 6, p867; Subject Term: CYCLONES; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: TYPHOONS; Subject Term: TORNADOES; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: TROPICS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-88-6-867
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25809815&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Emanuelsson, Olof
AU  - Nagalakshmi, Ugrappa
AU  - Deyou Zheng
AU  - Rozowsky, Joel S.
AU  - Urban, Alexander E.
AU  - Jiang Du
AU  - Zheng Lian
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Weissman, Sherman
AU  - Snyder, Michael
AU  - Gerstein, Mark B.
T1  - Assessing the performance of different high-density tiling microarray strategies for mapping transcribed regions of the human genome.
JO  - Genome Research
JF  - Genome Research
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 886
EP  - 897
SN  - 10889051
AB  - Genomic tiling microarrays have become a popular tool for interrogating the transcriptional activity of large regions of the genome in an unbiased fashion. There are several key parameters associated with each tiling experiment (e.g., experimental protocols and genomic tiling density). Here, we assess the role of these parameters as they are manifest in different tiling-array platforms used for transcription mapping. First, we analyze how a number of published tiling-array experiments agree with established gene annotation on human chromosome 22. We observe that the transcription detected from high-density arrays correlates substantially better with annotation than that from other array types. Next, we analyze the transcription-mapping performance of the two main high-density oligonucleotide array platforms in the ENCODE regions of the human genome. We hybridize identical biological samples and develop several ways of scoring the arrays and segmenting the genome into transcribed and nontranscribed regions, with the aim of making the platforms most comparable to each other. Finally, we develop a platform comparison approach based on agreement with known annotation. Overall, we find that the performance improves with more data points per locus, coupled with statistical scoring approaches that properly take advantage of this, where this larger number of data points arises from higher genomic tiling density and the use of replicate arrays and mismatches. While we do find significant differences in the performance of the two high-density platforms, we also find that they complement each other to some extent. Finally, our experiments reveal a significant amount of novel transcription outside of known genes, and an appreciable sample of this was validated by independent experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Genome Research is the property of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENETIC transcription
KW  - GENOMES
KW  - HUMAN gene mapping
KW  - OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
KW  - HUMAN genome
N1  - Accession Number: 25691641; Emanuelsson, Olof 1 Nagalakshmi, Ugrappa 2 Deyou Zheng 1 Rozowsky, Joel S. 1 Urban, Alexander E. 2,3 Jiang Du 4 Zheng Lian 3 Stolc, Viktor 5 Weissman, Sherman 3 Snyder, Michael 2; Email Address: michael.snyder@yale.edu Gerstein, Mark B. 1,4; Email Address: mark.gerstein@yale.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA  2: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA  3: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8005, USA  4: Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8285, USA  5: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p886; Subject Term: GENETIC transcription; Subject Term: GENOMES; Subject Term: HUMAN gene mapping; Subject Term: OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; Subject Term: HUMAN genome; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Euskirchen, Ghia M.
AU  - Rozowsky, Joel S.
AU  - Chia-Lin Wei
AU  - Wah Heng Lee
AU  - Zhengdong D. Zhang
AU  - Hartman, Stephen
AU  - Emanelson, Olof
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Weissman, Sherman
AU  - Gerstein, Mark B.
AU  - Yijun Ruan
AU  - Snyder, Michael
T1  - Mapping of transcription factor binding regions in mammalian cells by ChIP: Comparison of array- and sequencing-based technologies.
JO  - Genome Research
JF  - Genome Research
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 898
EP  - 909
SN  - 10889051
AB  - Recent progress in mapping transcription factor (TF) binding regions can largely be credited to chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) technologies. We compared strategies for mapping TF binding regions in mammalian cells using two different ChIP schemes: ChIP with DNA microarray analysis (ChIP-chip) and ChIP with DNA sequencing (ChIP-PET). We first investigated parameters central to obtaining robust ChIP-chip data sets by analyzing STAT1 targets in the ENCODE regions of the human genome, and then compared ChIP-chip to ChIP-PET. We devised methods for scoring and comparing results among various tiling arrays and examined parameters such as DNA microarray format, oligonucleotide length, hybridization conditions, and the use of competitor Cot-1 DNA. The best performance was achieved with high-density oligonucleotide arrays, oligonucleotides ≥50 bases (b), the presence of competitor Cot-1 DNA and hybridizations conducted in microfluidics stations. When target identification was evaluated as a function of array number, 80%-86% of targets were identified with three or more arrays. Comparison of ChIP-chip with ChIP-PET revealed strong agreement for the highest ranked targets with less overlap for the low ranked targets. With advantages and disadvantages unique to each approach, we found that ChIP-chip and ChIP-PET are frequently complementary in their relative abilities to detect STAT1 targets for the lower ranked targets; each method detected validated targets that were missed by the other method. The most comprehensive list of STAT1 binding regions is obtained by merging results from ChIP-chip and ChIP-sequencing. Overall, this study provides information for robust identification, scoring, and validation of TF targets using ChIP-based technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Genome Research is the property of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - CHROMATIN
KW  - BINDING sites (Biochemistry)
KW  - HUMAN genome
KW  - CELLS
KW  - NUCLEOTIDE sequence
KW  - EXONS (Genetics)
KW  - DNA
N1  - Accession Number: 25691642; Euskirchen, Ghia M. 1 Rozowsky, Joel S. 2 Chia-Lin Wei 3 Wah Heng Lee 3 Zhengdong D. Zhang 2 Hartman, Stephen 1,4 Emanelson, Olof 2 Stolc, Viktor 5 Weissman, Sherman 6 Gerstein, Mark B. 2 Yijun Ruan 3 Snyder, Michael 1,2; Email Address: michael.snyder@yale.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8103, USA  2: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, USA  3: Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore 138672  4: Stockholm Bioinformatics Center, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden  5: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  6: Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8005, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p898; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: CHROMATIN; Subject Term: BINDING sites (Biochemistry); Subject Term: HUMAN genome; Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDE sequence; Subject Term: EXONS (Genetics); Subject Term: DNA; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Carlsson, Ella
AU  - Johansson, Henrik
AU  - Mellon, Michael T.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - Observations of martian gullies and constraints on potential formation mechanisms: II. The northern hemisphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 188
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 324
EP  - 344
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The formation process(es) responsible for creating the observed geologically recent gully features on Mars has remained the subject of intense debate since their discovery. We present new data and analysis of northern hemisphere gullies from Mars Global Surveyor data which is used to test the various proposed mechanisms of gully formation. We located 137 Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images in the northern hemisphere that contain clear evidence of gully landforms and analyzed these images in combination with Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) and Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data to provide quantitative measurements of numerous gully characteristics. Parameters we measured include apparent source depth and distribution, vertical and horizontal dimensions, slopes, orientations, and present-day characteristics that affect local ground temperatures. Northern hemisphere gullies are clustered in Arcadia Planitia, Tempe Terra, Acidalia Planitia, and Utopia Planitia. These gullies form in craters (84%), knobby terrain (4%), valleys (3%), other/unknown terrains (9%) and are found on all slope orientations although the majority of gullies are equator-facing. Most gullies (63%) are associated with competent rock strata, 26% are not associated with strata, and 11% are ambiguous. Assuming thermal conductivities derived from TES measurements as well as modeled surface temperatures, we find that 95% of the gully alcove bases with adequate data coverage lie at depths where subsurface temperatures are greater than 273 K and 5% of the alcove bases lie within the solid water regime. The average alcove length is 470 m and the average channel length is 690 m. Based on a comparison of measured gully features with predictions from the various models of gully formation, we find that models involving carbon dioxide, melting ground ice in the upper few meters of the soil, dry landslide, and surface snowmelt are the least likely to describe the formation of the martian gullies. Although some discrepancies still exist between prediction and observation, the shallow and deep aquifer models remain as the most plausible theories. Interior processes involving subsurface fluid sources are generally favored over exogenic processes such as wind and snowfall for explaining the origin of the martian gullies. These findings gleaned from the northern hemisphere data are in general agreement with analyses of gullies in the southern hemisphere [Heldmann, J.L., Mellon, M.T., 2004. Icarus 168, 285–304]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 25031818; Heldmann, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: jheldmann@mail.arc.nasa.gov Carlsson, Ella 2,3 Johansson, Henrik 2 Mellon, Michael T. 4 Toon, Owen B. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Division of Physics, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden  3: Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Box 812, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden  4: University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  5: University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 188 Issue 2, p324; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scheeres, D.J.
AU  - Abe, M.
AU  - Yoshikawa, M.
AU  - Nakamura, R.
AU  - Gaskell, R.W.
AU  - Abell, P.A.
T1  - The effect of YORP on Itokawa
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 188
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 425
EP  - 429
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The effect of solar radiation on the near-term rotation rate of Asteroid Itokawa via the YORP effect is predicted using the detailed shape model, rotation pole, mass estimate, and optical properties derived from the Hayabusa mission to Itokawa. Based on these estimates Itokawa is decelerating at a rate which will halve its rotation rate in only 50–90 thousand years, a large deceleration that should be detectable in a future appartion. The implications of such a large deceleration for Itokawa''s past history are discussed and related to possible seismic shaking. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation -- Physiological effect
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Rotational dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 25031825; Scheeres, D.J. 1; Email Address: scheeres@umich.edu Abe, M. 2 Yoshikawa, M. 2 Nakamura, R. 3 Gaskell, R.W. 4 Abell, P.A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2140, USA  2: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan  3: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 188 Issue 2, p425; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational dynamics; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.12.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
AU  - Alvarellos, José L.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Lifetimes of small bodies in planetocentric (or heliocentric) orbits
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 188
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 481
EP  - 505
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Stray bodies orbiting a planet or the Sun are removed by collisions with larger objects or by expulsion from the system. However, their rate of removal generally cannot be described by the simple exponential law used to describe radioactive decay, because their effective half-life lengthens with time. Previous studies of planetesimals, comets, asteroids, meteorites, and impact ejecta from planets or satellites have fit the number of survivors S vs elapsed time t using exponential, logarithmic, and power laws, but no entirely satisfactory functional form has been found yet. Herein we model the removal rates of impact ejecta from various moons of Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune. We find that most situations are fit best by stretched exponential decay, of the form . Here is the time when the initial population has declined by a factor of , while the dimensionless exponent β lies between 0 and 1 (often near 1/3). The e-folding time itself grows as the power of t. This behavior is suggestive of a diffusion-like process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - HALF-life (Nuclear physics)
KW  - RADIOACTIVE decay
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - Celestial mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 25031830; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: dobro@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov Alvarellos, José L. 2 Lissauer, Jack J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Lick Observatory, U.C. Santa Cruz, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: MS G-76, Space Systems Loral, 3825 Fabian Way, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 188 Issue 2, p481; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: HALF-life (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE decay; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.11.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen-Vu, T. D. Barbara
AU  - Hua Chen
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Jun Li
T1  - Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Architecture as a Multifunctional 3-D Neural Electrical Interface.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2007/06//Jun2007 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1121
EP  - 1128
SN  - 00189294
AB  - Developing biomaterial constructs that closely mimic the natural tissue microenvironment with its complex chemical and physical cues is essential for improving the function and reliability of implantable devices, especially those that require direct neural-electrical interfaces. Here we demonstrate that free-standing vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) arrays can be used as a multifunctional 3-D brush-like nanoengineered matrix that interpenetrates the neuronal network of PC12 cells. We found that PC12 neuron cells cultured on VACNF substrates can form extended neural network upon proper chemical and biochemical modifications. The soft 3-D VACNF architecture provides a new platform to fine-tune the topographical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical cues at subcellular nanoscale. This new biomaterial platform can be used for both fundamental studies of material-cell interactions and the development of chronically stable implantable neural devices. Micropatterned multiplex VACNF arrays can be selectively controlled by electrical and electrochemical methods to provide localized stimulation with extraordinary spatiotemporal resolution. Further development of this technology may potentially result in a highly multiplex closed-loop system with multifunctions for neuromodulation and neuroprostheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL implants
KW  - BIOMEDICAL materials
KW  - BIOLOGICAL interfaces
KW  - NEURAL networks (Neurobiology)
KW  - BIOMEDICAL engineering
KW  - BIOCOMPATIBILITY
KW  - Neural electrical interface
KW  - neural stimulation
KW  - neurornodulation
KW  - vertically aligned carbon nanofibers
N1  - Accession Number: 25288631; Nguyen-Vu, T. D. Barbara 1; Email Address: bnguyenv@stanford.edu Hua Chen 2; Email Address: hchen@mail.arc.nasa.gov Cassell, Alan M. 3; Email Address: acassell@mail.arc.nasa.gov Andrews, Russell J. 4; Email Address: rja@russelljandrews.org Meyyappan, M. 4; Email Address: mmeyyappan@mail.arc.nasa.gov Jun Li 5; Email Address: jli@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto, CA 94305 USA  2: ELORET, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  3: University of California—Santa Cruz, University Affiliated Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Jun2007 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p1121; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL implants; Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL materials; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL interfaces; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Neurobiology); Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL engineering; Subject Term: BIOCOMPATIBILITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neural electrical interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: neural stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: neurornodulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: vertically aligned carbon nanofibers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2007.891169
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quweider, M. K.
AU  - Scargle, J. D.
AU  - Jackson, B.
T1  - Grey level reduction for segmentation, threshholding and binarisation of images based on optimal partitioning on an interval.
JO  - IET Image Processing
JF  - IET Image Processing
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 1
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 111
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 17519659
AB  - Optimal reduction of the number of grey levels present in an image is a fundamental problem in segmentation, classification, lossy compression, quantisation, inspection and computer vision. We present a new algorithm based on dynamic programming and optimal partitioning of the image data space, or its histogram representation. The algorithm allows the reduction of the number of grey levels for an image in a fine to coarse fashion, starting with the original grey levels present in the image and all the way down to two grey levels that simply create a binarised version of the original image. The algorithm can also be used to find a reduced number of grey levels in a natural way without forcing a specific number ahead of time. Application of the algorithm is demonstrated in image segmentation, multi-level thresholding and binarisation, and is shown to give very good results compared to many of the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IET Image Processing is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - INFORMATION processing
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - GEOMETRIC quantization
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
N1  - Accession Number: 25240942; Quweider, M. K. 1; Email Address: mkquweider@utb.edu Scargle, J. D. 2 Jackson, B. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Texas, Department of CS/CIS, Brownsville, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Space Science Division, Moffett Field, USA  3: San Jose State University, Department of Mathematics, San Jose, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 1 Issue 2, p103; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: INFORMATION processing; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: GEOMETRIC quantization; Subject Term: DYNAMIC programming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/iet-ipr:20050262
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuczmarski, Maria A.
AU  - Gokoglu, Suleyman A.
T1  - Buoyancy suppression in gases at high temperatures
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 496
EP  - 511
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - Abstract: The computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT was used to study Rayleigh instability at large temperature differences in a sealed gas-filled enclosure with a cold top wall and a heated bottom wall (Bénard problem). Both steady state and transient calculations were performed. Instability boundaries depending on the geometry, temperature, and pressure were defined that showed the system tended to become more unstable when the hot-wall temperature increased beyond a certain level, a result of the dampening effect of gas viscosity at higher temperatures. Results also showed that the eventual system stability depended on the final pressure reached at steady state, regardless of how fast the bottom-wall temperature was ramped up to minimize time spent in the unstable region of fluid motion. It was shown that the final system state can differ depending on whether results are obtained via a steady-state or transient calculation, demonstrating that the history of the flow structure development and corresponding temperature fields in this type of system has a profound effect on the final state. Finally, changes in the slope of the pressure-versus-time curve were found to be good indicators of flow pattern changes, and can be a convenient experimental tool for diagnosing the expected changes in flow behavior in such systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - Bénard problem
KW  - Buoyancy
KW  - Natural convection
KW  - Numerical modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 24865654; Kuczmarski, Maria A.; Email Address: Maria.A.Kuczmarski@nasa.gov Gokoglu, Suleyman A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p496; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bénard problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buoyancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Natural convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical modeling; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2006.07.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suzuki, Makoto
AU  - Ominami, Yusuke
AU  - Ngo, Quoc
AU  - Yang, Cary Y.
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Li, Jun
T1  - Current-induced breakdown of carbon nanofibers.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2007/06//6/1/2007
VL  - 101
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 114307
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We present a study of high-field transport in carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and breakdown phenomena due to current stress. In situ measurements with scanning transmission electron microscopy reveal that the failure mode of CNFs is strongly related to the morphology of graphite layers comprising CNFs. Comparison with carbon nanotube (CNT) breakdown is made, demonstrating that the current capacity of CNFs is described by a similar model as that of CNTs with a modification of the current capacity of each graphitic layer. The maximum current density is correlated with resistivity, leading to the conclusion that lower resistivity results in higher current capacity in CNFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - SCANNING transmission electron microscopy
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
N1  - Accession Number: 25484502; Suzuki, Makoto 1 Ominami, Yusuke 1 Ngo, Quoc 1 Yang, Cary Y. 1 Cassell, Alan M. 2 Li, Jun 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanostructures, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 6/1/2007, Vol. 101 Issue 11, p114307; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2743086
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, Sean A.
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
AU  - Lillehei, Peter T.
T1  - Nanoscale subsurface imaging via resonant difference-frequency atomic force ultrasonic microscopy.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2007/06//6/1/2007
VL  - 101
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 114324
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - A scanning probe microscope methodology, called resonant difference-frequency atomic force ultrasonic microscopy (RDF-AFUM), has been developed. It employs an ultrasonic wave launched from the bottom of a sample while the cantilever of an atomic force microscope, driven at a frequency differing from the ultrasonic frequency by one of the contact resonance frequencies of the cantilever, engages the sample top surface. The nonlinear mixing of the oscillating cantilever and the ultrasonic wave in the region defined by the cantilever tip–sample surface interaction force generates difference-frequency oscillations at the cantilever contact resonance. The resonance-enhanced difference-frequency signals are used to create images of nanoscale near-surface and subsurface features. An analytical model is presented for assessing the RDF-AFUM phase signal resulting from near-surface variations in the sample contact stiffness and from the interaction of the bulk wave with subsurface structures. The application of the model to RDF-AFUM phase measurements of a 12.7 μm thick film of LaRC™-CP2 polyimide polymer containing a monolayer of gold nanoparticles embedded 7 μm below the specimen surface reveals variations in the Young modulus of the material of approximately 24% over regions roughly 10–35 nm wide. The magnitude of the modulus variations suggests the occurrence of contiguous amorphous and crystalline phases within the bulk of the polymer. The RDF-AFUM micrograph indicates a preferential growth of the crystalline phase in the vicinity of the gold nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSCIENCE
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - ULTRASONIC imaging
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - THICK films
KW  - POLYIMIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 25484413; Cantrell, Sean A. 1 Cantrell, John H. 1 Lillehei, Peter T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 6/1/2007, Vol. 101 Issue 11, p114324; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC imaging; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: THICK films; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2743908
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bassim, N.D.
AU  - Twigg, M.E.
AU  - Mastro, M.A.
AU  - Eddy, C.R.
AU  - Zega, T.J.
AU  - Henry, R.L.
AU  - Culbertson, J.C.
AU  - Holm, R.T.
AU  - Neudeck, P.
AU  - Powell, J.A.
AU  - Trunek, A.J.
T1  - Dislocations in III-nitride films grown on 4H-SiC mesas with and without surface steps
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 304
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 107
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: Using transmission electron microscopy, we have analyzed dislocations in AlN nucleation layers and GaN films deposited by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy on the (0001) surface of epitaxially grown 4H-SiC mesas with and without steps. For 4H-SiC substrates free of SiC surface steps, half-loop nucleation and glide parallel to the AlN/SiC interfacial plane play the dominant role in strain relief, with no mechanism for generating threading dislocations. In contrast, 4H-SiC mesa surfaces with steps give rise to regions of high stress at the heteroepitaxial interface, thereby providing an environment conducive to the nucleation and growth of threading dislocations, which act to accommodate misfit strain by the tilting of threading edge dislocations. We compare the excess stress associated with strain relief for each mechanism and find that the driving force for plastic flow is much greater for threading dislocation tilt than for half-loop propagation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISLOCATIONS (Anatomy)
KW  - HUMAN abnormalities
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - 61.72.Ff
KW  - 61.72.Lk
KW  - 68.37.Lp
KW  - A1. Interfaces
KW  - A1. Line defects
KW  - A1. Nucleation
KW  - A3. Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
KW  - B1. Nitrides
KW  - B2. Semiconducting gallium compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 24972440; Bassim, N.D. 1 Twigg, M.E. 1; Email Address: twigg@estd.nrl.navy.mil Mastro, M.A. 1 Eddy, C.R. 1 Zega, T.J. 1 Henry, R.L. 1 Culbertson, J.C. 1 Holm, R.T. 1 Neudeck, P. 2 Powell, J.A. 3 Trunek, A.J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Sest Inc., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: OAI, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 304 Issue 1, p103; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS (Anatomy); Subject Term: HUMAN abnormalities; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: 61.72.Ff; Author-Supplied Keyword: 61.72.Lk; Author-Supplied Keyword: 68.37.Lp; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Line defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. Nitrides; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. Semiconducting gallium compounds; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.02.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Zhibo
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Kattawar, George
AU  - (Allen) Huang, Hung-Lung
AU  - Greenwald, Thomas
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - A fast infrared radiative transfer model based on the adding–doubling method for hyperspectral remote-sensing applications
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 105
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 263
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: A fast infrared radiative transfer (RT) model is developed on the basis of the adding–doubling principle, hereafter referred to as FIRTM-AD, to facilitate the forward RT simulations involved in hyperspectral remote-sensing applications under cloudy-sky conditions. A pre-computed look-up table (LUT) of the bidirectional reflection and transmission functions and emissivities of ice clouds in conjunction with efficient interpolation schemes is used in FIRTM-AD to alleviate the computational burden of the doubling process. FIRTM-AD is applicable to a variety of cloud conditions, including vertically inhomogeneous or multilayered clouds. In particular, this RT model is suitable for the computation of high-spectral-resolution radiance and brightness temperature (BT) spectra at both the top-of-atmosphere and surface, and thus is useful for satellite and ground-based hyperspectral sensors. In terms of computer CPU time, FIRTM-AD is approximately 100–250 times faster than the well-known discrete-ordinate (DISORT) RT model for the same conditions. The errors of FIRTM-AD, specified as root-mean-square (RMS) BT differences with respect to their DISORT counterparts, are generally smaller than 0.1K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - Adding–doubling
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Fast model
KW  - Hyperspectral
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 24192553; Zhang, Zhibo 1 Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Kattawar, George 2 (Allen) Huang, Hung-Lung 3 Greenwald, Thomas 3 Li, Jun 3 Baum, Bryan A. 4 Zhou, Daniel K. 5 Hu, Yongxiang 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA  3: CIMSS/University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA  4: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 105 Issue 2, p243; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adding–doubling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fast model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.01.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chamis, Christos C.
T1  - Polymer Composite Mechanics Review -- 1965 to 2006.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 26
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 987
EP  - 1019
AB  - The research and development in composite mechanics are reviewed from 1965 to 2006. The review covers micromechanics, macromechanics failure theories, impact resistance, structural analysis, plate and panel buckling, shell buckling, progressive fracture, containment, and probabilistic composite simulation. A few remarks are included about aerodynamic loads and a new all composite engine concept. Most of the sample cases are from the author's own research since this research covers all aspects of composites and since this avoids the permissions required by other authors when their results are included. References are cited as appropriate so that the reader can further look in any specific area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Research
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - bucking plates/shells
KW  - failure criteria
KW  - local/global impact
KW  - macro
KW  - micro
KW  - other significant developments
KW  - probabilistic design
KW  - progressive fracture
KW  - structural/thermal/aerodynamic analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 26021199; Chamis, Christos C. 1; Email Address: Christos.C.Chamis@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Senior Aerospace Scientist, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 26 Issue 10, p987; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Research; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Author-Supplied Keyword: bucking plates/shells; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure criteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: local/global impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: macro; Author-Supplied Keyword: micro; Author-Supplied Keyword: other significant developments; Author-Supplied Keyword: probabilistic design; Author-Supplied Keyword: progressive fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural/thermal/aerodynamic analysis; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 21 Diagrams, 11 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684407079419
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubin, Robert H.
AU  - Simpson, Janet P.
AU  - Colgan, Sean W. J.
AU  - Dufour, Reginald J.
AU  - Ray, Katherine L.
AU  - Erickson, Edwin F.
AU  - Haas, Michael R.
AU  - Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A.
AU  - Citron, Robert I.
T1  - Spitzer observations of M83 and the hot star, H ii region connection.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2007/06//6/1/2007
VL  - 377
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1407
EP  - 1418
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We have undertaken a programme to observe emission lines of [S iv] 10.51, [Ne ii] 12.81, [Ne iii] 15.56, and [S iii] 18.71 μm in a number of extragalactic H ii regions with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Here we report our results for the nearly face-on spiral galaxy M83. A subsequent paper will present our data and analysis for another substantially face-on spiral galaxy M33. The nebulae selected cover a wide range of galactocentric radii ( RG). The observations were made with the infrared spectrograph in the short wavelength, high dispersion configuration. The above set of four lines is observed cospatially, thus permitting a reliable comparison of the fluxes. From the measured fluxes, we determine the ionic abundance ratios including Ne++/Ne+, S3+/S++ and S++/Ne+ and find that there is a correlation of increasingly higher ionization with larger RG. By sampling the dominant ionization states of Ne and S for H ii regions, we can approximate the Ne/S ratio by (Ne++ Ne++)/(S+++ S3+). Our findings of ratios that significantly exceed the benchmark Orion Nebula value, as well as a decrease in this ratio with increasing RG, are more likely due to other effects than a true gradient in Ne/S. Two effects that will tend to lower these high estimates and to flatten the gradient are first, the method does not account for the presence of S+ and second, S but not Ne is incorporated into grains. Both Ne and S are primary elements produced in α-chain reactions, following C and O burning in stars, making their yields depend very little on the stellar metallicity. Thus, it is expected that Ne/S remains relatively constant throughout a galaxy. We stress that this type of observation and method of analysis does have the potential for accurate measurements of Ne/S, particularly for H ii regions that have lower metallicity and higher ionization than those here, such as those in M33. Our observations may also be used to test the predicted ionizing spectral energy distribution (SED) of various stellar atmosphere models. We compare the ratio of fractional ionizations and versus with predictions made from our photoionization models using several of the state-of-the-art stellar atmosphere model grids. The overall best fit appears to be the nebular models using the supergiant stellar atmosphere models of Pauldrach, Hoffmann & Lennon and Sternberg, Hoffmann & Pauldrach. This result is not sensitive to the electron density and temperature range expected for these M83 nebulae. Considerable computational effort has gone into the comparison between data and models, although not all parameter studies have yet been performed on an ultimate level (e.g. in the present paper the stellar atmosphere model abundances have been fixed to solar values). A future paper, with the benefit of more observational data, will continue these studies to further discriminate how the ionic ratios depend on the SED and the other nebular parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - TRIANGULUM Galaxy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photography
KW  - abundances
KW  - atmospheres
KW  - galaxies
KW  - galaxies: individual: M83
KW  - H  ii regions
KW  - HII regions
KW  - individual
KW  - ISM
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - M83
KW  - stars
KW  - stars: atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 25198461; Rubin, Robert H. 1,2; Email Address: rubin@cygnus.arc.nasa.gov Simpson, Janet P. 1,3; Email Address: simpson@cygnus.arc.nasa.gov Colgan, Sean W. J. 1 Dufour, Reginald J. 4 Ray, Katherine L. 1 Erickson, Edwin F. 1 Haas, Michael R. 1 Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A. 5 Citron, Robert I. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Physics & Astronomy Department, Rice University, MS 61, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA  5: University of Munich, Munich D-81679, Germany; Source Info: 6/1/2007, Vol. 377 Issue 4, p1407; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: TRIANGULUM Galaxy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photography; Author-Supplied Keyword: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: individual: M83; Author-Supplied Keyword: H  ii regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: HII regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: individual; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: M83; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11714.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hill, Chris
AU  - Menemenlis, Dimitris
AU  - Ciotti, Bob
AU  - Henze, Chris
T1  - Investigating solution convergence in a global ocean model using a 2048-processor cluster of distributed shared memory machines.
JO  - Scientific Programming
JF  - Scientific Programming
Y1  - 2007/06//
VL  - 15
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 115
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10589244
AB  - Up to 1920 processors of a cluster of distributed shared memory machines at the NASA Ames Research Center are being used to simulate ocean circulation globally at horizontal resolutions of 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16-degree with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology General Circulation Model, a finite volume code that can scale to large numbers of processors. The study aims to understand physical processes responsible for skill improvements as resolution is increased and to gain insight into what resolution is sufficient for particular purposes. This paper focuses on the computational aspects of reaching the technical objective of efficiently performing these global eddy-resolving ocean simulations. At 1/16-degree resolution the model grid contains 1.2 billion cells. At this resolution it is possible to simulate approximately one month of ocean dynamics in about 17 hours of wallclock time with a model timestep of two minutes on a cluster of four 512-way NUMA Altix systems. The Altix systems' large main memory and I/O subsystems allow computation and disk storage of rich sets of diagnostics during each integration, supporting the scientific objective to develop a better understanding of global ocean circulation model solution convergence as model resolution is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Programming is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTED shared memory
KW  - OCEAN circulation
KW  - PARALLEL computers
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MEMORY management (Computer science)
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - ocean modeling
KW  - parallel computing
N1  - Accession Number: 25551470; Hill, Chris 1; Email Address: cnh@mit.edu Menemenlis, Dimitris 2 Ciotti, Bob 3 Henze, Chris 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Room 54-1515, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Lab, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA  3: NASA Advanced Supercomputing, Ames Research Center, CA, USA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 15 Issue 2, p107; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTED shared memory; Subject Term: OCEAN circulation; Subject Term: PARALLEL computers; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MEMORY management (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: ocean modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: parallel computing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Picard, Y. N.
AU  - Twigg, M. E.
AU  - Caldwell, J. D.
AU  - Eddy, C. R.
AU  - Neudeck, P. G.
AU  - Trunek, A. J.
AU  - Powell, J. A.
T1  - Electron channeling contrast imaging of atomic steps and threading dislocations in 4H-SiC.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/06/04/
VL  - 90
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 234101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Direct imaging of atomic step morphologies and individual threading dislocations in on-axis epitaxial 4H-SiC surfaces is presented. Topographically sensitive electron images of the crystalline surfaces were obtained through forescattered electron detection inside a conventional scanning electron microscope. This technique, termed electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI), has been utilized to reveal the configuration of highly stepped, homoepitaxial 4H-SiC films grown on 4H-SiC mesa structures. Individual threading dislocations have been consistently imaged at the core of spiral atomic step morphologies located on the 4H-SiC surfaces. The ability of ECCI to image atomic steps was verified by atomic force microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopes
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - CHANNELING (Physics)
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - EPITAXY
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 25449142; Picard, Y. N. 1 Twigg, M. E. 1 Caldwell, J. D. 1 Eddy, C. R. 1 Neudeck, P. G. 2 Trunek, A. J. 3 Powell, J. A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Electronics Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: OAI, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Sest Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 6/4/2007, Vol. 90 Issue 23, p234101; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopes; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: CHANNELING (Physics); Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: EPITAXY; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2746075
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dean  M. Tigelaar
AU  - Mary  Ann B. Meador
AU  - William  R. Bennett
T1  - Composite Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries:  Ionic Liquids in APTES Cross-Linked Polymers.
JO  - Macromolecules
JF  - Macromolecules
Y1  - 2007/06/12/
VL  - 40
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4159
EP  - 4164
SN  - 00249297
AB  - Solvent-free polymer electrolytes were made consisting of Liand pyrrolidinium salts of trifluoromethanesulfonimide added to a series of hyperbranched poly(ethylene oxide)s (PEO). The polymers were connected by triazine linkages and cross-linked by a sol−gel process to provide mechanical strength. These electrolytes are more conductive than those made with high molecular weight PEO imbibed with ionic liquids at ambient temperatures, due to the amorphous nature of the polymer. The connecting PEO groups were varied to help understand the effects of polymer structure on electrolyte conductivity in the presence of ionic liquids. Polymers were also made that contain poly(dimethylsiloxane) groups, which provide increased flexibility without interacting with lithium ions. When large amounts of ionic liquid are added, there is little dependence of conductivity on the polymer structure. However, when smaller amounts of ionic liquid are added, the inherent conductivity of the polymer becomes a factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Macromolecules is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ELECTROLYTES
KW  - TRIAZINES
KW  - LITHIUM ions
N1  - Accession Number: 25324455; Dean  M. Tigelaar 1 Mary  Ann B. Meador 1 William  R. Bennett 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 40 Issue 12, p4159; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ELECTROLYTES; Subject Term: TRIAZINES; Subject Term: LITHIUM ions; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, L. Dale
T1  - Selected systems engineering process deficiencies and their consequences
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2007/06/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 1-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 406
EP  - 415
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The systems engineering process is well established and well understood. While this statement could be argued in the light of the many systems engineering guidelines and that have been developed, comparative review of these respective descriptions reveal that they differ primarily in the number of discrete steps or other nuances, and are at their core essentially common. Likewise, the systems engineering textbooks differ primarily in the context for application of systems engineering or in the utilization of evolved tools and techniques, not in the basic method. Thus, failures in systems engineering cannot credibly be attributed to implementation of the wrong systems engineering process among alternatives. However, numerous system failures can be attributed to deficient implementation of the systems engineering process. What may clearly be perceived as a systems engineering deficiency in retrospect can appear to be a well considered system engineering efficiency in real time—an efficiency taken to reduce cost or meet a schedule, or more often both. Typically these efficiencies are grounded on apparently solid rationale, such as reuse of heritage hardware or software. Over time, unintended consequences of a systems engineering process deficiency may begin to be realized, and unfortunately often the consequence is systems failure. This paper describes several actual cases of system failures that resulted from deficiencies in their systems engineering process implementation, including the Ariane 5 and the Hubble Space Telescope. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Systems engineering
KW  - SYSTEMS engineering
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - SYSTEM failures (Engineering)
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - MANAGEMENT information systems
N1  - Accession Number: 25118740; Thomas, L. Dale 1; Email Address: dale.thomas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 61 Issue 1-6, p406; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Systems engineering; Subject Term: SYSTEMS engineering; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: SYSTEM failures (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT information systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.01.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cockrell, Charles E.
AU  - Davis, Stephan R.
AU  - Robinson, Kimberly
AU  - Tuma, Margaret L.
AU  - Sullivan, Greg
T1  - NASA crew launch vehicle flight test options
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2007/06/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 1-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 438
EP  - 449
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Options for development flight testing (DFT) of the Ares I crew launch vehicle (CLV) are discussed. The Ares I CLV is being developed by the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to launch the crew exploration vehicle (CEV) into low Earth orbit (LEO). The Ares I implements one of the components of the vision for space exploration (VSE), providing crew and cargo access to the International Space Station (ISS) after retirement of the space shuttle and, eventually, forming part of the launch capability needed for lunar exploration. The role of DFT is to demonstrate key subsystems, address key technical risks, and provide flight data to validate engineering models in representative flight environments. This is distinguished from certification flight testing, which is designed to formally validate system functionality and achieve flight readiness. Lessons learned from Saturn V, space shuttle, and other flight programs are examined along with key Ares I technical risks in order to provide insight into possible DFT strategies. A strategy for the first test flight of the Ares I, known as Ares I-1, is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 25118744; Cockrell, Charles E. 1; Email Address: Charles.E.Cockrell@nasa.gov Davis, Stephan R. 2 Robinson, Kimberly 2 Tuma, Margaret L. 2 Sullivan, Greg 3; Email Address: gpa@aol.com; Affiliation:  1: Ares Project Implementation Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 176, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Flight and Integrated Test Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, JP10, Huntsville, AL, USA  3: GPS Solutions, Inc., Reno, NV, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 61 Issue 1-6, p438; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.01.051
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ranasinghe, K. S.
AU  - Ray, C. S.
AU  - Day, D. E.
AU  - Rogers, J. R.
AU  - Hyers, R. W.
AU  - Rathz, T.
T1  - Containerless processing of a lithium disilicate glass.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2007/06/15/
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4291
EP  - 4297
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Glasses of Li2O · 2SiO2 (LS2), and LS2 doped with 0.001 wt% platinum (LS2 + 0.001 wt% Pt) compositions were melted, cooled and reheated at controlled rates while levitated (containerless) inside an electrostatic levitator (ESL) furnace at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The experiments were conducted in vacuum using spherical, 2.5–3 mm diameter, glass samples. The measured critical cooling rate for glass formation, R c, for the LS2 and LS2 + 0.001 wt% Pt glasses processed at ESL were 14 ± 2 °C/min and 130 ± 5 °C/min, respectively. The values of R c for the same LS2 and LS2 + 0.001 wt% Pt glasses processed in a container were 62 ± 3 °C/min and 162 ± 5 °C/min, respectively. The effective activation energy for crystallization, E, for this LS2 glass processed without a container at ESL, was higher than that for an identical glass processed in a container. These results suggest that the glass formation tendency for a containerless LS2 melt is significantly increased compared to an identical melt in contact with a container. The absence of heterogeneous nucleation sites that are inherently present in all melts held in containers is believed to be the reason for the increased glass forming tendency of this containerless melt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALKALI metals
KW  - ASTRODYNAMICS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges through gases
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
N1  - Accession Number: 25603002; Ranasinghe, K. S. 1; Email Address: ranasinghk1@nku.edu Ray, C. S. 2 Day, D. E. 3 Rogers, J. R. 2 Hyers, R. W. 4 Rathz, T. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Geology, Northern Kentucky University, Nunn Drive, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA  2: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  3: Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  4: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA  5: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p4291; Subject Term: ALKALI metals; Subject Term: ASTRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges through gases; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-006-1232-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elvidge, C. D.
AU  - Cinzano, P.
AU  - Pettit, D. R.
AU  - Arvesen, J.
AU  - Sutton, P.
AU  - Small, C.
AU  - Nemani, R.
AU  - Longcore, T.
AU  - Rich, C.
AU  - Safran, J.
AU  - Weeks, J.
AU  - Ebener, S.
T1  - The Nightsat mission concept.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/06/20/
VL  - 28
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2645
EP  - 2670
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Nightsat is a concept for a satellite system capable of global observation of the location, extent and brightness of night-time lights at a spatial resolution suitable for the delineation of primary features within human settlements. Based on requirements from several fields of scientific inquiry, Nightsat should be capable of producing a complete cloud-free global map of lights on an annual basis. We have used a combination of high-resolution field spectra of outdoor lighting, moderate resolution colour photography of cities at night from the International Space Station, and high-resolution airborne camera imagery acquired at night to define a range of spatial, spectral, and detection limit options for a future Nightsat mission. The primary findings of our study are that Nightsat should collect data from a near-synchronous orbit in the early evening with 50 to 100 m spatial resolution and have detection limits of 2.5E-8 Watts cm-2sr-1µm-1 or better. Although panchromatic low-light imaging data would be useful, multispectral low-light imaging data would provide valuable information on the type or character of lighting; potentially stronger predictors of variables such as ambient population density and economic activity; and valuable information to predict response of other species to artificial night lighting. The Nightsat mission concept is unique in its focus on observing a human activity, in contrast to traditional Earth observing systems that focus on natural systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - HUMAN settlements
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - LIGHTING
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 25226017; Elvidge, C. D. 1; Email Address: Chris.Elvidge@noaa.gov Cinzano, P. 2,3 Pettit, D. R. 4 Arvesen, J. 5 Sutton, P. 6,7 Small, C. 8 Nemani, R. 9 Longcore, T. 10,11 Rich, C. 10 Safran, J. 12 Weeks, J. 13 Ebener, S. 14; Affiliation:  1: Earth Observation Group, NOAA-NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA  2: Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Padova 2-35122, Italy  3: Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologia dell'Inquinamento Luminoso (ISTIL), Thiene 13-36016, Italy  4: NASA Johnson Spaceflight Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  5: Cirrus Digital Systems, Tiburon, California 94920, USA  6: Department of Geography, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208, USA  7: Department of Geography, Population and Environmental Management, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia  8: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964-8000, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  10: Urban Wildlands Group, P.O. Box 24020, Los Angeles, California 90024-0020, USA  11: Department of Geography, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0255, USA  12: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado 80309, USA  13: International Population Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA  14: World Health Organization, CH-1271 Geneva 27, Switzerland; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 28 Issue 12, p2645; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: HUMAN settlements; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: LIGHTING; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160600981525
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Borra, Ermanno F.
AU  - Seddiki, Omar
AU  - Angel, Roger
AU  - Eisenstein, Daniel
AU  - Hickson, Paul
AU  - Seddon, Kenneth R.
AU  - Worden, Simon P.
T1  - Deposition of metal films on an ionic liquid as a basis for a lunar telescope.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/06/21/
VL  - 447
IS  - 7147
M3  - Letter
SP  - 979
EP  - 981
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - An optical/infrared telescope of 20–100 m aperture located on the Moon would be able to observe objects 100 to 1,000 times fainter than the proposed next generation of space telescopes. The infrared region of the spectrum is particularly important for observations of objects at redshifts z > 7. The apparent simplicity and low mass of a liquid mirror telescope, compared with a traditional pointable glass mirror, suggest that the concept should be considered further. A previously proposed liquid mirror telescope, based upon a spinning liquid metallic alloy, is not appropriate for infrared applications, which will require a liquid below 130 K. Here we report the successful coating of an ionic liquid with silver. The surface is smooth and the silver coating is stable on a timescale of months. The underlying ionic liquid does not evaporate in a vacuum and remains liquid down to a temperature of 175 K. Given that there are ∼106 simple and ∼1018 ternary ionic liquids, it should be possible to synthesize liquids with even lower melting temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - INFRARED telescopes
N1  - Accession Number: 25463767; Borra, Ermanno F. 1; Email Address: borra@phy.ulaval.ca Seddiki, Omar 1 Angel, Roger 2 Eisenstein, Daniel 2 Hickson, Paul 3 Seddon, Kenneth R. 4 Worden, Simon P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Département de Physique, Génie Physique et Optique, Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Lasers, Université Laval, Québec, G1K 7P4, Canada  2: Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 8575, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada  4: QUILL Centre, The Queen's University of Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK  5: Office of the Director, NASA Ames Research Center. Moffett Field, California 9403, USA; Source Info: 6/21/2007, Vol. 447 Issue 7147, p979; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: INFRARED telescopes; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature05909
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
T1  - Effects of doping on thermal conductivity of pyrochlore oxides for advanced thermal barrier coatings
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2007/06/25/
VL  - 459
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 192
EP  - 195
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Pyrochlore oxides of general composition, A2B2O7, where A is a 3+ cation (La to Lu) and B is a 4+ cation (Zr, Hf, Ti, etc.) have high melting point, relatively high coefficient of thermal expansion, and low thermal conductivity which make them suitable for applications as high-temperature thermal barrier coatings. The effect of doping at the A site on the thermal conductivity of a pyrochlore oxide La2Zr2O7, has been investigated. Oxide powders of various compositions La2Zr2O7, La1.7Gd0.3Zr2O7, La1.7Yb0.3Zr2O7 and La1.7Gd0.15Yb0.15Zr2O7 were synthesized by the citric acid sol–gel method. These powders were hot-pressed into discs and used for thermal conductivity measurements using a steady-state laser heat flux test technique. The rare-earth oxide doped pyrochlores La1.7Gd0.3Zr2O7, La1.7Yb0.3Zr2O7 and La1.7Gd0.15Yb0.15Zr2O7 had lower thermal conductivity than the undoped La2Zr2O7. The Gd2O3 and Yb2O3 co-doped composition showed the lowest thermal conductivity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - Doping
KW  - Pyrochlore oxides
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
KW  - Thermal conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 24786439; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: Narottam.P.Bansal@nasa.gov Zhu, Dongming 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 459 Issue 1/2, p192; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrochlore oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daniel J.  Klein
AU  - Crystal C.  Topping
AU  - Robert G.  Bryant
T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of Polyimides Derived From Cyano-Containing 1,4-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene Monomers.
JO  - Polymer Bulletin
JF  - Polymer Bulletin
Y1  - 2007/06/27/
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 01700839
AB  - SummaryÂ Â A series of three new cyano-containing diamines based upon 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene was synthesized and polymerized with six different dianhydrides to yield 18 different polyimides. Due to the high dipole moment of the cyano group, it was believed that these polymers would display differing degrees of electroactivity depending upon the degree and position of cyano substitution. The type of dianhydride bridging group and length are also factors that affect the electroactivity of polyimides. Polyimides based upon 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene were used as reference materials by which the respective cyano-containing analogs were compared. As the degree of cyano group substitution increased, the glass transition temperature increased. As cyano substitution increased, the polymer chain flexibility decreased due to hindered rotation about the phenyl-ether-phenyl linkages in the diamine portion of the polymer. The tensile moduli ranged from 2.97 to 4.57Â GPa and ultimate tensile strengths from 79 to 156Â MPa, which are typical values of aromatic polyimides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer Bulletin is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - DIPOLE moments
N1  - Accession Number: 25726671; Daniel J.  Klein 1 Crystal C.  Topping 2 Robert G.  Bryant 3; Affiliation:  1: Current address: Ashland Performance Materials 5200 Blazer Parkway 43235 Dublin Ohio USA 5200 Blazer Parkway 43235 Dublin Ohio USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center Applied Technologies and Testing Branch 23681-2199 Hampton VA USA 23681-2199 Hampton VA USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center Advanced Materials and Processing Branch 23681-2199 Hampton VA USA 23681-2199 Hampton VA USA; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 59 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gintert, Michael J.
AU  - Jana, Sadhan C.
AU  - Miller, Sandi G.
T1  - A novel strategy for nanoclay exfoliation in thermoset polyimide nanocomposite systems
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2007/06/29/
VL  - 48
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 4166
EP  - 4173
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: A novel method of nanoclay exfoliation in the synthesis of nanocomposites of PMR type thermoset resins was investigated. The method involves nanoclay intercalation by lower molecular weight PMR monomer prior to dispersion in primary, higher molecular weight PMR resin and resin curing to obtain the final composites. The resultant mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated as functions of clay type, degree of clay exfoliation, and clay intercalation strategies. It was found that sonication of clay at the time of intercalation by lower molecular weight PMR resin helps to achieve higher degree of exfoliation. In addition, clays obtained from ion exchange with a 50:50 mixture of N-[4(4-aminobenzyl)phenyl]-5-norborene-2,3-dicarboximide (APND), and dodecylamine (C12) showed better exfoliation than Cloisite® 30B clay. The resultant nanocomposites show higher thermal stability and higher tensile modulus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOSETTING composites
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - GUMS & resins
KW  - CLAY
KW  - SONICATION
KW  - Nanocomposites
KW  - Polyimide
KW  - Polymer composite materials
N1  - Accession Number: 25491489; Gintert, Michael J. 1 Jana, Sadhan C. 1; Email Address: janas@uakron.edu Miller, Sandi G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-0301, United States  2: Polymers Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 49-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jun2007, Vol. 48 Issue 14, p4166; Subject Term: THERMOSETTING composites; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: GUMS & resins; Subject Term: CLAY; Subject Term: SONICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer composite materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.05.053
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Jason M.
AU  - Castro, Hector
AU  - Ogram, Andrew
T1  - Structure and Function of Methanogens along a Short-Term Restoration Chronosequence in the Florida Everglades.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 73
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 4135
EP  - 4141
SN  - 00992240
AB  - The removal of plants and soil to bedrock to eradicate exotic invasive plants within the Hole-in-the-Donut (HID) region, part of the Everglades National Park (Florida), presented a unique opportunity to study the redevelopment of soil and the associated microbial communities in the context of short-term primary succession and ecosystem restoration. The goal of this study was to identify relationships between soil redevelopment and activity and composition of methanogenic assemblages in HID soils. Methane production potentials indicated a general decline in methanogenic activity with restoration age. Microcosm incubations strongly suggested hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis as the most favorable pathway for methane formation in HID soils from all sites. Culture-independent techniques targeting methyl coenzyme M reductase genes (mcrA) were used to assess the dynamics of methanogenic assemblages. Clone libraries were dominated by sequences related to hydrogenotrophic methanogens of the orders Methanobacteriales and Methanococcales and suggested a general decline in the relative abundance of Methanobacteriales mcrA with time since restoration. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis indicated methanogenic assemblages remain relatively stable between wet and dry seasons. Interestingly, analysis of soils across the restoration chronosequence indicated a shift in Methanobacteriales populations with restoration age, suggesting genotypic shifts due to site-specific factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANT-soil relationships
KW  - SOIL chronosequences
KW  - INVASIVE plants
KW  - SOIL microbiology
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - METHANE
KW  - NUCLEOTIDE sequence
KW  - GENETIC polymorphisms
KW  - EVERGLADES National Park (Fla.)
KW  - FLORIDA
N1  - Accession Number: 25847338; Smith, Jason M. 1,2 Castro, Hector 1,3 Ogram, Andrew 1; Email Address: avo@mail.ifas.ufl.edu; Affiliation:  1: Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0290  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  3: Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6038; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 73 Issue 13, p4135; Subject Term: PLANT-soil relationships; Subject Term: SOIL chronosequences; Subject Term: INVASIVE plants; Subject Term: SOIL microbiology; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDE sequence; Subject Term: GENETIC polymorphisms; Subject Term: EVERGLADES National Park (Fla.); Subject Term: FLORIDA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02557-06
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adams, Catherine A.
AU  - Murdoch, Jennifer L.
AU  - Consiglio, Maria C.
AU  - Williams, Daniel M.
T1  - Incorporating data link messaging into a multi-function display to support the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) and the self-separation of general aviation aircraft
JO  - Applied Ergonomics
JF  - Applied Ergonomics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 465
EP  - 471
SN  - 00036870
AB  - Abstract: One objective of the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) Project is to increase the capacity and utilization of small non-towered, non-radar equipped airports by transferring traffic management activities to an automated system and separation responsibilities to general aviation (GA) pilots. This paper describes the development of a research multi-function display (MFD) to support the interaction between pilots and an automated Airport Management Module (AMM). Preliminary results of simulation and flight tests indicate that adding the responsibility of monitoring other traffic for self-separation does not increase pilots’ subjective workload levels. Pilots preferred using the enhanced MFD to execute flight procedures, reporting improved situation awareness (SA) over conventional instrument flight rules (IFR) procedures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Ergonomics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - PRIVATE flying
KW  - Data link and general aviation
KW  - Data link messaging
KW  - MFD and SATS
KW  - SATS Higher Volume Operations
KW  - Small Aircraft Transportation System
N1  - Accession Number: 25344019; Adams, Catherine A.; Email Address: Catherine.A.Adams@nasa.gov Murdoch, Jennifer L. 1 Consiglio, Maria C. 1 Williams, Daniel M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p465; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: PRIVATE flying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data link and general aviation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data link messaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFD and SATS; Author-Supplied Keyword: SATS Higher Volume Operations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Small Aircraft Transportation System; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apergo.2007.01.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Hofman, Gerard
AU  - Rest, Jeffrey
T1  - Modeling of multicomponent systems: Role of Mo and Si on the interaction of Al and γ-UMo
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 40
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 6
EP  - 19
SN  - 09270256
AB  - Abstract: Experimental work based on the analysis of Al/UMo diffusion couples contemplates the addition of other elements for dealing with the known problem of Al diffusion in the γ-UMo solid solution. In this work, we apply an atomistic modeling tool to gain understanding on the interactions that lead to this behavior, and therefore establish a framework for studying the role of additives via their interaction with Al, U, and Mo. As a first step to do this, we examine the interaction of a thin Al film on a γ-UMo substrate. It is found that the model reproduces and provides an explanation for the trends observed experimentally, leading to the conclusion that it might be possible to describe the complex problem of the interaction between several elements in a rather simple and straightforward modeling framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - CHROMIUM group
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Low enrichment fuels
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Molybdenum
KW  - Semiempirical methods
KW  - Silicon
KW  - Uranium
N1  - Accession Number: 25105577; Garcés, Jorge E. 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2,3; Email Address: GuillermoBozzolo@oai.org Hofman, Gerard 4 Rest, Jeffrey 4; Affiliation:  1: Centro Atómico Bariloche, CNEA, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Workforce Enhancement, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 40 Issue 1, p6; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: CHROMIUM group; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low enrichment fuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molybdenum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semiempirical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uranium; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2006.10.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, C.L.
AU  - Schaeffler, N.W.
AU  - Milanovic, I.M.
AU  - Zaman, K.B.M.Q.
T1  - Time-accurate computations of isolated circular synthetic jets in crossflow
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1092
EP  - 1105
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Results from unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computations are described for two different synthetic jet flows issuing into a turbulent boundary layer crossflow through a circular orifice. In one case the jet effect is mostly contained within the boundary layer, while in the other case the jet effect extends beyond the boundary layer edge. Both cases have momentum flux ratios less than 2. Several numerical parameters are investigated, and some lessons learned regarding the CFD methods for computing these types of flow fields are summarized. Results in both cases are compared to experiment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 24610834; Rumsey, C.L. 1; Email Address: C.L.RUMSEY@NASA.GOV Schaeffler, N.W. 2 Milanovic, I.M. 3 Zaman, K.B.M.Q. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Computational Aerosciences Branch, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Flow Physics and Control Branch, Mail Stop 170, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: University of Hartford, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 200 Bloomfield Ave., West Hartford, CT 06117, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Turbomachinery and Propulsion Systems Division, Nozzle Branch, Mail Stop 86-7, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 36 Issue 6, p1092; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2006.09.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turon, A.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
AU  - Camanho, P.P.
AU  - Costa, J.
T1  - An engineering solution for mesh size effects in the simulation of delamination using cohesive zone models
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 74
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1665
EP  - 1682
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Abstract: A methodology to determine the constitutive parameters for the simulation of progressive delamination is proposed. The procedure accounts for the size of a cohesive finite element and the length of the cohesive zone to ensure the correct dissipation of energy. In addition, a closed-form expression for estimating the minimum penalty stiffness necessary for the constitutive equation of a cohesive finite element is presented. It is shown that the resulting constitutive law allows the use of coarser finite element meshes than is usually admissible, which renders the analysis of large-scale progressive delamination problems computationally tractable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - Cohesive elements
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Fracture
N1  - Accession Number: 24427133; Turon, A. 1 Dávila, C.G. 2 Camanho, P.P. 3; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt Costa, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: AMADE, Polytechnic School, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: DEMEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 74 Issue 10, p1665; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2006.08.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24427133&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kouchinsky, Artem
AU  - Bengtson, Stefan
AU  - Pavlov, Vladimir
AU  - Runnegar, Bruce
AU  - Torssander, Peter
AU  - Young, Edward
AU  - Ziegler, Karen
T1  - Carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Precambrian-Cambrian Sukharikha River section, northwestern Siberian platform.
JO  - Geological Magazine
JF  - Geological Magazine
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 144
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 609
EP  - 618
SN  - 00167568
AB  - A high-resolution carbon isotope profile through the uppermost Neoproterozoic-Lower Cambrian part of the Sukharikha section at the northwestern margin of the Siberian platform shows prominent secular oscillations of δ13C with peak-to-peak range of 6-10 ‰. There are six minima, 1n-6n, and seven maxima 1p-7p, in the Sukharikha Formation and a rising trend of δ13C from the minimum 1n of - 8.6 ‰ to maximum 6p of + 6.4 ‰. The trough In probably coincides with the isotopic minimum at the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary worldwide. Highly positive δ13C values of peaks 5p and 6p are typical of the upper portion of the Precambrian-Cambrian transitional beds just beneath the Tommotian Stage in Siberia. A second rising trend of δ13C is observed through the Krasnoporog and lower Shumny formations. It consists of four excursions with four major maxima that can be correlated with Tommotian-Botomian peaks II, IV, V, and VII of the reference profile from the southeastern Siberian platform. According to the chemostratigraphic correlation, the first appearances of the index forms of archaeocyaths are earlier in the Sukharikha section than in the Lena-Aldan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Magazine is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Precambrian
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - MAXIMA & minima
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - SIBERIA (Russia)
KW  - RUSSIA
KW  - Cambrian
KW  - carbon
KW  - isotope ratios
KW  - stratigraphy
N1  - Accession Number: 26135556; Kouchinsky, Artem 1; Email Address: artem.kouchinsky@nrm.se Bengtson, Stefan 1 Pavlov, Vladimir 2 Runnegar, Bruce 3 Torssander, Peter 4 Young, Edward 5 Ziegler, Karen 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden  2: Institute of Physics of the Earth, Bol'shaya Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow 123995, Russia  3: NASA Astrobiology Institute, MS 240-1, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden  5: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, 595 Charles Young Drive East, Box 951567, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 144 Issue 4, p609; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Precambrian; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: MAXIMA & minima; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: SIBERIA (Russia); Subject Term: RUSSIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cambrian; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: isotope ratios; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratigraphy; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0016756807003354
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26135556&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKeegan, Kevin D.
AU  - Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B.
AU  - Schopf, J. William
T1  - Raman and ion microscopic imagery of graphitic inclusions in apatite from older than 3830 Ma Akilia supracrustal rocks, west Greenland.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 35
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 591
EP  - 594
SN  - 00917613
AB  - Three-dimensional molecular-structural images of apatite grains and associated minerals embedded in a banded quartz-pyroxene-magnetite supracrustal rock from Akilia, southern west Greenland, were constructed by using Raman confocal spectroscopy. The rock sample is the same as that from which apatite-hosted isotopically light graphitic inclusions were reported by Mojzsis and colleagues in 1996; the results were challenged in 2005 by Lepland and colleagues who failed to find carbon-bearing inclusions in this and other Akilia samples. Here we demonstrate that inclusions of graphite wholly contained within apatite occur in this rock. The carbon isotopic composition of one such inclusion, its graphitic composition established by Raman spectroscopy, was measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry to be isotopically light (δ13C = -29‰ ± 4‰), in agreement with earlier analyses. Our results are thus consistent with the hypothesis that graphite-containing apatite grains of the older than 3830 Ma Akilia metasediments may represent chemical fossils of early life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APATITE
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - ROCK-forming minerals
KW  - FIELD ion microscopy
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MASS (Physics)
KW  - GREENLAND
KW  - Akilia apatite
KW  - carbon isotopes
KW  - early life
KW  - ion microscope
KW  - three-dimensional Raman spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 25752287; McKeegan, Kevin D. 1 Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B. 2 Schopf, J. William 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, USA  2: Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life (Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095–1567, USA  3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Center for the Study of Evolution and the Origin of Life (Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics), Molecular Biology Institute and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095–1567, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 35 Issue 7, p591; Subject Term: APATITE; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: ROCK-forming minerals; Subject Term: FIELD ion microscopy; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MASS (Physics); Subject Term: GREENLAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: Akilia apatite; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon isotopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: early life; Author-Supplied Keyword: ion microscope; Author-Supplied Keyword: three-dimensional Raman spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212392 Phosphate Rock Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G23465A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Amici, Giovanni
AU  - Layton, Ryan A.
AU  - Brown, Shannon T.
AU  - Kunkee, David
T1  - Stabilization of the Brightness Temperature of a Calibration Warm Load for Spaceborne Microwave Radiometers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul2007 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1921
EP  - 1927
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We present the results of a study that shows that a simple design modification is sufficient to avoid a major short-coming in the layout of external warm loads commonly used in the calibration of spaceborne microwave radiometers. The modification consists of placing a layer of Plastazote, a polyethylene foam, over the opening of the warm load enclosure. The foam is transparent at micrometer and millimeter wavelengths, is opaque in the infrared and visible, and isolates the warm load from the environment, keeping the temperature of the radiometric warm load constant. The proposed solution can be easily implemented and is suitable even for retrofitting on instruments that have already been built but not yet launched, and the material presents no obvious shortcomings that could prevent its intended application in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - POLYETHYLENE
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - Calibration
KW  - microwave
KW  - radiometry
N1  - Accession Number: 25757502; De Amici, Giovanni 1 Layton, Ryan A. 1 Brown, Shannon T. 2 Kunkee, David 3; Affiliation:  1: Northrop Grumman Space Technology, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA  3: Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245- 4691 USA; Source Info: Jul2007 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p1921; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2006.888283
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
T1  - Phase structure and site preference behavior of ternary alloying additions to PdTi and PtTi shape-memory alloys
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 901
EP  - 911
SN  - 09669795
AB  - Abstract: The phase structure and concentration dependence of the lattice parameter and energy of formation of ternary Pd–Ti–X and Pt–Ti–X alloys for a large number of ternary alloying additions X (X=Na, Mg, Al, Si, Sc, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Ag, Cd, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir) are investigated with an atomistic modeling approach. In addition, a detailed description of the site preference behavior of such additions showing that the elements can be grouped according to their absolute preference for a specific site, regardless of concentration, or preference for available sites in the deficient sublattice is provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LATTICE theory
KW  - ABSTRACT algebra
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - PALLADIUM compounds
KW  - TITANIUM compounds
KW  - A. Ternary alloy systems
KW  - B. Alloy design
KW  - D. Site occupancy
KW  - E. Simulations, atomistic
KW  - G. Shape-memory alloy applications
N1  - Accession Number: 24784393; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: GuillermoBozzolo@oai.org Mosca, Hugo O. 3 Noebe, Ronald D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, UA Física, Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (B1650KNA), San Martín, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 15 Issue 7, p901; Subject Term: LATTICE theory; Subject Term: ABSTRACT algebra; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: PALLADIUM compounds; Subject Term: TITANIUM compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ternary alloy systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Alloy design; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Site occupancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Simulations, atomistic; Author-Supplied Keyword: G. Shape-memory alloy applications; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2006.10.049
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24784393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Hui
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Photographic study of high-flux subcooled flow boiling and critical heat flux
JO  - International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 660
SN  - 07351933
AB  - Abstract: This study examines both high-flux flow boiling and critical heat flux (CHF) under highly subcooled conditions using FC-72 as working fluid. Experiments were performed in a horizontal flow channel that was heated along its bottom wall. High-speed video imaging and photomicrographic techniques were used to capture interfacial features and reveal the sequence of events leading to CHF. At about 80% of CHF, bubbles coalesced into oblong vapor patches while sliding along the heated wall. These patches grew in size with increasing heat flux, eventually evolving into a fairly continuous vapor layer that permitted liquid contact with the wall only in the wave troughs between vapor patches. CHF was triggered when this liquid contact was finally halted. These findings prove that the CHF mechanism for subcooled flow boiling is consistent with the interfacial lift-off mechanism proposed previously for saturated flow boiling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Subcooled boiling
N1  - Accession Number: 25320312; Zhang, Hui 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p653; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subcooled boiling; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2007.01.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schultz, Marc R.
AU  - Wilkie, W. Keats
AU  - Bryant, Robert G.
T1  - Investigation of Self-Resetting Active Multistable Laminates.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1069
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Elastically multistable structures, that is, structures possessing more than one elastically stable equilibrium configuration, are particularly attractive for advanced shape changing (morphing) aircraft applications because no control effort is required to maintain the structural shape in any specific stable equilibrium. For example, thin, unsymmetric, fiber-reinforced composite laminates (e.g., [0/90]T) can have multiple equilibrium shapes, and such laminates can be changed from one stable shape to another by a simple snap-through action. Furthermore, previous work by the first author with others demonstrated the use of a planar piezocomposite actuator to snap a bistable laminate from one equilibrium shape to another, but not back again. Such a self-resetting capability is desirable in many practical applications. The present paper describes analytical and experimental efforts to model and demonstrate self-resetting, piezoelectrically controlled, multistable laminates. The work is based on a two-ply, [0/90]T graphite--epoxy laminate that is sandwiched between two piezocomposite actuators. A simplified analytical model of the structure was developed to fine-tune the design of an experimental test article and correlate with results from testing. The simplified model captures the global response of the experimental device and predicts self-resetting actuation. Differences between the analytical and experimental results are identified, and possible reasons for these differences are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - LAMINATED metals
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 26390092; Schultz, Marc R. 1,2 Wilkie, W. Keats 2,3 Bryant, Robert G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Composite Technology Development, Inc., Lafayette, Colorado 80026  2: Member, AIAA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2007, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p1069; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: LAMINATED metals; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.17404
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landman, Drew
AU  - Simpson, Jim
AU  - Vicroy, Dan
AU  - Parker, Peter
T1  - Response Surface Methods for Efficient Complex Aircraft Configuration Aerodynamic Characterization.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1189
EP  - 1189
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A response surface methodology approach to wind-tunnel testing of aircraft with complex configurations is being investigated at the Langley full-scale tunnel as part of a series of tests using design of experiments. An exploratory study was conducted using response surface methodology and a 5% scale blended-wing-body model in an effort to efficiently characterize aerodynamic behavior as a function of attitude and multiple control surface inputs. This paper provides a direct comparison of the design of experiments/response surface methodology and one factor at a time methods for a low-speed wind-tunnel test of a blended-wing-body aircraft configuration with 11 actuated control surfaces. A modified fractional factorial design, augmented with center points and axial points, produced regression models for the characteristic aerodynamic forces and moments over a representative design space as a function of model attitude and control surface inputs. Model adequacy and uncertainty levels were described using robust statistical methods inherent to the response surface methodology practice. Experimental goals included the capture of fundamental stability and control data for simulation models and comparisons to baseline data from recent one factor at a time tests. Optimization is demonstrated for control surface allocation for a desired response. A discussion of highlights and problems associated with the test is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - AIRPLANE control systems
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 26390106; Landman, Drew 1,2 Simpson, Jim 3,4 Vicroy, Dan 5,6,7 Parker, Peter 5,8,9; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310  4: Member AIAA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  6: Senior Research Engineer, Flight Dynamics Branch, MS 308  7: Associate Fellow AIAA  8: Research Scientist, Aeronautics Systems Engineering Branch, MS 238  9: Member, AIAA; Source Info: Jul/Aug2007, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p1189; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: AIRPLANE control systems; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.24810
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Xi
AU  - Shakouri, Ali
AU  - Yu, Bin
AU  - Sun, Xuhui
AU  - Meyyappan, Meyya
T1  - Study of phonon modes in germanium nanowires.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2007/07//7/1/2007
VL  - 102
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 014304
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The observation of pure phonon confinement effect in germanium nanowires is limited due to the illumination sensitivity of Raman spectra. In this paper we measured Raman spectra for different size germanium nanowires with different excitation laser powers and wavelengths. By eliminating the local heating effect, the phonon confinement effect for small size nanowires was clearly identified. We have also fitted the Raman feature changes to estimate the size distribution of nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - GERMANIUM
KW  - PHONONS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 26355363; Wang, Xi 1 Shakouri, Ali 1 Yu, Bin 2 Sun, Xuhui 2 Meyyappan, Meyya 2; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 7/1/2007, Vol. 102 Issue 1, p014304; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: GERMANIUM; Subject Term: PHONONS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2752134
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gonzalez-Cuevas, Juan A.
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Elsayed-Ali, Hani E.
T1  - Calculations of the temperature and alloy composition effects on the optical properties of AlxGa1-xAsySb1-y and GaxIn1-xAsySb1-y in the spectral range 0.5–6 eV.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2007/07//7/1/2007
VL  - 102
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 014504
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - A detailed analysis is presented on the temperature and alloy composition dependence of the optical properties of III-V alloys AlxGa1-xAsySb1-y and GaxIn1-xAsySb1-y in the energy range 0.5–6 eV. Expressions for the complex dielectric function are based on a semiempirical phenomenological model, which takes under consideration indirect and direct transitions below and above the fundamental absorption edge. Dielectric function and absorption coefficient calculations are in satisfactory agreement with available experimental data. Other dielectric related optical data, such as the refractive index, extinction, and reflection coefficients, can also be obtained from the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS -- Testing
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - OPTICAL materials
KW  - ALLOYS
N1  - Accession Number: 26355372; Gonzalez-Cuevas, Juan A. 1 Refaat, Tamer F. 2 Abedin, M. Nurul 3 Elsayed-Ali, Hani E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: Applied Research Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  3: Passive Sensor Systems Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and the Applied Research Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529; Source Info: 7/1/2007, Vol. 102 Issue 1, p014504; Subject Term: ALLOYS -- Testing; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: OPTICAL materials; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2751406
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26355372&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ridley, B.
AU  - Zeng, T.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Atlas, E.
AU  - Browell, E.
AU  - Hess, P.
AU  - Orlando, J.
AU  - Chance, K.
AU  - Richter, A.
T1  - An ozone depletion event in the sub-arctic surface layer over Hudson Bay, Canada.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 280
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - During the Tropospheric Ozone Production about the Spring Equinox (TOPSE) program, aircraft flights during April 7–11, 2000 revealed a large area air mass capped below ∼500 m altitude over Hudson Bay, Canada in which ozone was reduced from normal levels of 30–40 ppbv to as low as 0.5 ppbv. From some of the in-situ aircraft measurements, back-trajectory calculations, the tropospheric column of BrO derived from GOME satellite measurements, and results from a regional model, we conclude that the event did not originate from triggering of reactive halogen release in the sub-Arctic region of Hudson Bay but resulted from such an event occurring at higher latitudes over the islands of the northern Canada Archipelago and nearby Arctic Ocean with subsequent transport over a distance of 1,000–1,500 km to Hudson Bay. BrO x  remained active during this transport despite considerable changes in the conditions of the underlying surface suggesting that chemical recycling during transport dominated any local halogen input from the surface. If all of the tropospheric column density of BrO is distributed uniformly within the surface layer, then the mixing ratio of BrO derived from the satellite measurements is at least a factor of 2–3 larger than derived indirectly from in situ aircraft measurements of the NO/NO2 ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - OZONE layer depletion
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - AIR masses
KW  - BROMINE compounds
KW  - HALOGEN compounds
KW  - ARCTIC Ocean -- Environmental conditions
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - HUDSON Bay
KW  - CANADA
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Bromine
KW  - GOME
KW  - Hudson Bay
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Ozone depletion
KW  - TOPSE
N1  - Accession Number: 25603806; Ridley, B. 1; Email Address: ridley@ucar.edu Zeng, T. 2 Wang, Y. 2 Atlas, E. 3 Browell, E. 4 Hess, P. 1 Orlando, J. 1 Chance, K. 5 Richter, A. 6; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division , NCAR , Boulder 80307 USA  2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta 30332 USA  3: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science , University of Miami , Miami 33149 USA  4: Atmospheric Sciences , NASA Langley Research Center , Hampton 23681 USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics , Cambridge 02138 USA  6: Institute of Environmental Physics , University of Bremen , 28334 Bremen Germany; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p255; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: OZONE layer depletion; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: AIR masses; Subject Term: BROMINE compounds; Subject Term: HALOGEN compounds; Subject Term: ARCTIC Ocean -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: HUDSON Bay; Subject Term: CANADA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bromine; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOME; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hudson Bay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone depletion; Author-Supplied Keyword: TOPSE; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-007-9072-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Chihdar
AU  - Sun, Wenjun
AU  - Tomblin, John S.
AU  - Smeltzer III, Stanley S.
T1  - A Semi-analytical Method for Determining the Strain Energy Release Rate of Cracks in Adhesively-bonded Single-lap Composite Joints.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 41
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1579
EP  - 1602
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A semi-analytical method for determining the strain energy release rates due to a prescribed crack in an adhesively-bonded, single-lap composite joint subjected to axial tension is presented. The field equations in terms of displacements within the joint are formulated by using first-order shear deformable, laminated plate theory together with kinematic relations and force equilibrium conditions. The stress distributions for the adherends and adhesive are determined after the appropriate boundary and loading conditions are applied and the equations for the field displacements are solved. Based on the adhesive stress distributions, the forces at the crack tip are obtained and the strain energy release rates of the crack are determined by using the virtual crack closure technique (VCCT). Additionally. the test specimen geometry from both the ASTM D3165 and D1002 test standards are utilized during the derivation of the field equations in order to correlate analytical models with future test results. The system of second-order differential field equations is solved to provide the adherend and adhesive stress response using the symbolic computation tool, Maple 9. Finite element analyses using J-integral as well as VCCT were performed to verify the developed analytical model. The finite element analyses were conducted using the commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS™. The results determined using the analytical method correlated well with the results from the finite element analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - adhesively-bonded joint
KW  - composite joint
KW  - fracture mechanics
KW  - laminated plate theory
KW  - strain energy release rate
KW  - virtual crack closure technique (VCCT)
N1  - Accession Number: 26070042; Yang, Chihdar 1; Email Address: charles.yang@wichita.edu Sun, Wenjun 1 Tomblin, John S. 1 Smeltzer III, Stanley S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Wichita State University Wichita, KS 67260-0044, USA  2: Mechanics of Structures and Materials Branch, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681-2199. USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 41 Issue 13, p1579; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRESS concentration; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: ADHESIVES; Author-Supplied Keyword: adhesively-bonded joint; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite joint; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: laminated plate theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: strain energy release rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: virtual crack closure technique (VCCT); NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325520 Adhesive Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.77/0021998306069872
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chang, Chih-Hao
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
T1  - A robust and accurate approach to computing compressible multiphase flow: Stratified flow model and AUSM+-up scheme
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 225
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 840
EP  - 873
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, we propose a new approach to compute compressible multifluid equations. Firstly, a single-pressure compressible multifluid model based on the stratified flow model is proposed. The stratified flow model, which defines different fluids in separated regions, is shown to be amenable to the finite volume method. We can apply the conservation law to each subregion and obtain a set of balance equations [1] However, conservative form is lost in these balance equations when considering each individual phase; in fact, the interactions that exist simultaneously in both phases manifest themselves as nonconservative terms. 1 . Secondly, the AUSM+ scheme, which is originally designed for the compressible gas flow, is extended to solve compressible liquid flows. By introducing additional dissipation terms into the numerical flux, the new scheme, called AUSM+-up, can be applied to both liquid and gas flows. Thirdly, the contribution to the numerical flux due to interactions between different phases is taken into account and solved by the exact Riemann solver. We will show that the proposed approach yields an accurate and robust method for computing compressible multiphase flows involving discontinuities, such as shock waves and fluid interfaces. Several one-dimensional test problems are used to demonstrate the capability of our method, including the Ransom’s water faucet problem and the air–water shock tube problem. Finally, several two dimensional problems will show the capability to capture enormous details and complicated wave patterns in flows having large disparities in the fluid density and velocities, such as interactions between water shock wave and air bubble, between air shock wave and water column(s), and underwater explosion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - FINITE volume method
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - 47.11.+j
KW  - AUSM+ scheme
KW  - Multifluid model
KW  - Multiphase flow
KW  - Stratified flow method
N1  - Accession Number: 25746175; Chang, Chih-Hao 1; Email Address: chchang@engineering.ucsb.edu Liou, Meng-Sing 2; Email Address: meng-sing.liou@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Risk Studies and Safety, University of California, Santa Barbara, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  2: Propulsion Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 225 Issue 1, p840; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: 47.11.+j; Author-Supplied Keyword: AUSM+ scheme; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multifluid model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiphase flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratified flow method; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nordström, Jan
AU  - Mattsson, Ken
AU  - Swanson, Charles
T1  - Boundary conditions for a divergence free velocity–pressure formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 225
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 874
EP  - 890
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: New sets of boundary conditions for the velocity–pressure formulation of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are derived. The boundary conditions have the same form on both inflow and outflow boundaries and lead to a divergence free solution. Moreover, the specific form of the boundary condition makes it possible derive a symmetric positive definite equation system for the internal pressure. Numerical experiments support the theoretical conclusions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - COMPLEX variables
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - Boundary conditions
KW  - Divergence
KW  - Incompressible flow
KW  - Navier–Stokes
N1  - Accession Number: 25746176; Nordström, Jan 1,2,3; Email Address: Jan.Nordstrom@foi.se Mattsson, Ken 4 Swanson, Charles 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Information Technology, Scientific Computing, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden  2: Department of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, KTH-The Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden  3: Department of Computational Physics, Division of Systems Technology, The Swedish Defense Research Agency, SE-164 90 Stockholm, Sweden  4: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3035, USA  5: Computational Aero Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VI 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 225 Issue 1, p874; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: COMPLEX variables; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Divergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Incompressible flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Sjögreen, B.
T1  - Development of low dissipative high order filter schemes for multiscale Navier–Stokes/MHD systems
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 225
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 910
EP  - 934
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: Recent progress in the development of a class of low dissipative high order (fourth-order or higher) filter schemes for multiscale Navier–Stokes, and ideal and non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) systems is described. The four main features of this class of schemes are: (a) multiresolution wavelet decomposition of the computed flow data as sensors for adaptive numerical dissipative control, (b) multistep filter to accommodate efficient application of different numerical dissipation models and different spatial high order base schemes, (c) a unique idea in solving the ideal conservative MHD system (a non-strictly hyperbolic conservation law) without having to deal with an incomplete eigensystem set while at the same time ensuring that correct shock speeds and locations are computed, and (d) minimization of the divergence of the magnetic field numerical error. By design, the flow sensors, different choice of high order base schemes and numerical dissipation models are stand-alone modules. A whole class of low dissipative high order schemes can be derived at ease, making the resulting computer software very flexible with widely applicable. Performance of multiscale and multiphysics test cases are illustrated with many levels of grid refinement and comparison with commonly used schemes in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - High order filter methods
KW  - High order methods
KW  - High-speed shock-turbulence interactions
KW  - Multiresolution wavelet analysis of flow data
KW  - Navier–Stokes/MHD
KW  - Richtmyer–Meshkov instability
KW  - Unsteady flows
N1  - Accession Number: 25746178; Yee, H.C. 1; Email Address: yee@nas.nasa.gov Sjögreen, B. 2; Email Address: bjorns@nada.kth.se; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 258-5, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: NADA, Royal Institute of Technology 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 225 Issue 1, p910; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order filter methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-speed shock-turbulence interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiresolution wavelet analysis of flow data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes/MHD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Richtmyer–Meshkov instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady flows; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Svärd, Magnus
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
AU  - Nordström, Jan
T1  - A stable high-order finite difference scheme for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations, far-field boundary conditions
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 225
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1020
EP  - 1038
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: We construct a stable high-order finite difference scheme for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations, that satisfy an energy estimate. The equations are discretized with high-order accurate finite difference methods that satisfy a Summation-By-Parts rule. The boundary conditions are imposed with penalty terms known as the Simultaneous Approximation Term technique. The main result is a stability proof for the full three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations, including the boundary conditions. We show the theoretical third-, fourth-, and fifth-order convergence rate, for a viscous shock, where the analytic solution is known. We demonstrate the stability and discuss the non-reflecting properties of the outflow conditions for a vortex in free space. Furthermore, we compute the three-dimensional vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder in an oblique free stream for Mach number 0.5 and Reynolds number 500. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - COMPLEX variables
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Boundary conditions
KW  - Compressible Navier–Stokes equations
KW  - High-order finite difference methods
KW  - Simultaneous approximation terms
KW  - Stability
KW  - Summation-by-Parts
KW  - Well-posedness
N1  - Accession Number: 25746183; Svärd, Magnus 1; Email Address: magnus.svard@gmail.com Carpenter, Mark H. 2 Nordström, Jan 3,4,5; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Building 500, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3035, USA  2: Computational Methods and Simulation Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Computational Physics Department, Division of Systems Technology, The Swedish Defence Research Agency, SE-164 90 Stockholm, Sweden  4: Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, SE-751 05 Uppsala, Sweden  5: Dept of Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering, KTH-The Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 225 Issue 1, p1020; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: COMPLEX variables; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressible Navier–Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order finite difference methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simultaneous approximation terms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Summation-by-Parts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Well-posedness; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25746183&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobayashi, Takahisa
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
T1  - Hybrid Kalman Filter Approach for Aircraft Engine In-Flight Diagnostics: Sensor Fault Detection Case.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 129
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 746
EP  - 754
SN  - 07424795
AB  - In this paper, a diagnostic system based on a uniquely structured Kalman filter is developed for its application to in-flight fault detection of aircraft engine sensors. The Kalman filter is a hybrid of a nonlinear on-board engine model (OBEM) and piecewise linear models. The utilization of the nonlinear OBEM allows the reference health baseline of the diagnostic system to be updated, through a relatively simple process, to the health condition of degraded engines. Through this health baseline update, the diagnostic effectiveness of the in-fight sensor fault detection system is maintained as the health of the engine degrades over time. The performance of the sensor fault detection system is evaluated in a simulation environment at several operating conditions during the cruise phase of flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - flight safety
KW  - in-flight fault detection
KW  - Kalman filter
KW  - on-board engine model
N1  - Accession Number: 26113590; Kobayashi, Takahisa 1 Simon, Donald L. 2; Affiliation:  1: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 129 Issue 3, p746; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: flight safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: in-flight fault detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: on-board engine model; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2718572
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26113590&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turso, James A.
AU  - Lawrence, Charles
AU  - Litt, Jonathan S.
T1  - Reduced-Order Modeling and Wavelet Analysis of Turbofan Engine Structural Response due to Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Events.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 129
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 814
EP  - 826
SN  - 07424795
AB  - The development of a wavelet-based feature extraction technique specifically targeting FOD-event induced vibration signal changes in gas turbine engines is described. The technique performs wavelet analysis of accelerometer signals from specified locations on the engine and is shown to be robust in the presence of significant process and sensor noise. It is envisioned that the technique will be combined with Kalman filter thermal/ health parameter estimation for FOD-event detection via information fusion from these (and perhaps other) sources. Due to the lack of high-frequency FOD-event test data in the open literature, a reduced-order turbofan structural model (ROM) was synthesized from a finite-element model modal analysis to support the investigation. In addition to providing test data for algorithm development, the ROM is used to determine the optimal sensor location for FOD-event detection. In the presence of significant noise, precise location of the FOD event in time was obtained using the developed wavelet-based feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames -- Models
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 26113599; Turso, James A. 1 Lawrence, Charles 2 Litt, Jonathan S. 3; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 129 Issue 3, p814; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames -- Models; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2718230
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26113599&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kinzel, Paul J.
AU  - Wright, C. Wayne
AU  - Nelson, Jonathan M.
AU  - Burman, Aaron R.
T1  - Evaluation of an Experimental LiDAR for Surveying a Shallow, Braided, Sand-Bedded River.
JO  - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
JF  - Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 133
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 838
EP  - 842
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 07339429
AB  - Reaches of a shallow (<1.0 m), braided, sand-bedded river were surveyed in 2002 and 2005 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL) and concurrently with conventional survey-grade, real-time kinematic, global positioning system technology. The laser pulses transmitted by the EAARL instrument and the return backscatter waveforms from exposed sand and submerged sand targets in the river were completely digitized and stored for postflight processing. The vertical mapping accuracy of the EAARL was evaluated by comparing the ellipsoidal heights computed from ranging measurements made using an EAARL terrestrial algorithm to nearby (<0.5 m apart) ground-truth ellipsoidal heights. After correcting for apparent systematic bias in the surveys, the root mean square error of these heights with the terrestrial algorithm in the 2002 survey was 0.11 m for the 26 measurements taken on exposed sand and 0.18 m for the 59 measurements taken on submerged sand. In the 2005 survey, the root mean square error was 0.18 m for 92 measurements taken on exposed sand and 0.24 m for 434 measurements on submerged sand. In submerged areas the waveforms were complicated by reflections from the surface, water column entrained turbidity, and potentially the riverbed. When applied to these waveforms, especially in depths greater than 0.4 m, the terrestrial algorithm calculated the range above the riverbed. A bathymetric algorithm has been developed to approximate the position of the riverbed in these convolved waveforms and preliminary results are encouraging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Hydraulic Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RIVER surveys
KW  - RIVERS
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - SAND
KW  - Bathymetry
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - River beds
KW  - Riverine bars
KW  - Sand
KW  - Shallow water
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 25448729; Kinzel, Paul J. 1; Email Address: pjkinzel@usgs.gov Wright, C. Wayne 2 Nelson, Jonathan M. 3 Burman, Aaron R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Hydrologist, United States Geological Survey, Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory, 4620 Technology Drive, Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403  2: Physical Scientist, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes, Code 614.6, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Island, VA 23337.  3: Hydrologist, United States Geological Survey, Geomorphology and Sediment Transport Laboratory, 4620 Technology Drive, Suite 400, Golden, CO 80403.; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 133 Issue 7, p838; Subject Term: RIVER surveys; Subject Term: RIVERS; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: SAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bathymetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: River beds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Riverine bars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sand; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shallow water; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:7(838)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25448729&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Nassar, Ray
AU  - Boone, Chris D.
AU  - Bernath, Peter
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Weisenstein, Debra K.
AU  - Mahieu, Emmanuel
AU  - Zander, Rodolphe
T1  - Spectroscopic detection of COClF in the tropical and mid-latitude lower stratosphere
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 105
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 475
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: We report retrievals of COClF (carbonyl chlorofluoride) based on atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) solar occultation spectra recorded at tropical and mid-latitudes during 2004–2005. The COClF molecule is a temporary reservoir of both chlorine and fluorine and has not been measured previously by remote sensing. A maximum COClF mixing ratio of ( per unit volume, 1 sigma) is measured at 28km for tropical and subtropical occultations (latitudes below in both hemispheres) with lower mixing ratios at both higher and lower altitudes. Northern hemisphere mid-latitude mixing ratios (30–50°N) resulted in an average profile with a peak mixing ratio of , 1 sigma, at 27km, also decreasing above and below that altitude. We compare the measured average profiles with the one reported set of in situ lower stratospheric mid-latitude measurements from 1986 and 1987, a previous two-dimensional (2-D) model calculation for 1987 and 1993, and a 2-D-model prediction for 2004. The measured average tropical profile is in close agreement with the model prediction; the northern mid-latitude profile is also consistent, although the peak in the measured profile occurs at a higher altitude (2.5–4.5km offset) than in the model prediction. Seasonal average 2-D-model predictions of the COClF stratospheric distribution for 2004 are also reported. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - Infrared atmospheric remote sounding
KW  - Measurement–model comparisons
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Stratospheric chlorine chemistry
KW  - Stratospheric fluorine chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 24220354; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Nassar, Ray 2; Email Address: ray@io.harvard.edu Boone, Chris D. 3; Email Address: cboone@acebox.uwaterloo.ca Bernath, Peter 3; Email Address: bernath@uwaterloo.ca Chiou, Linda 4; Email Address: l.s.chiou@larc.nasa.gov Weisenstein, Debra K. 5; Email Address: dweisens@aer.com Mahieu, Emmanuel 6; Email Address: Emmanuel.Mahieu@ulg.ac.be Zander, Rodolphe 6; Email Address: R.Zander@ulg.ac.be; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Pierce Hall, 107F, 29 Oxford St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2L 3G1  4: Science Applications International Corporation, Enterprise Parkway, Mail Stop 927, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  5: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA  6: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 105 Issue 3, p467; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared atmospheric remote sounding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement–model comparisons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric chlorine chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric fluorine chemistry; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.11.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24220354&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, Ellis
AU  - Lingenfelser, Gretchen
AU  - Natarajan, Murali
AU  - Gordley, Larry
AU  - Marshall, B.Thomas
AU  - Thompson, Earl
T1  - On the quality of the Nimbus 7 LIMS version 6 ozone for studies of the middle atmosphere
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 105
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 492
EP  - 518
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The Nimbus 7 Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) radiance profile dataset of 1978/79 was reconditioned and reprocessed to Version 6 (V6) profiles of temperature and species that are improved significantly over those from Version 5 (V5). The LIMS V6 dataset was archived for public use in 2002. Improvements for its ozone include: (1) a more accurate accounting for instrument and spacecraft motion effects in the radiances, (2) the use of better spectroscopic line parameters for its ozone forward model, (3) retrievals of all its scans, (4) more accurate and compatible temperature versus pressure profiles (or T(p)) that are needed for the registration of the ozone radiances and for the removal of temperature effects from them, and (5) a better accounting for interfering species in the lower stratosphere. The retrieved V6 ozone profiles extend from near cloud top altitudes to about 80km and from 64S to 84N latitude with better sampling along the orbit than for the V5 dataset. Calculated estimates of the single-profile precision and accuracy are provided; precision estimates based on the data themselves are of order 3% or better from 1 to 30hPa. Estimates of total systematic error are hard to generalize because the separate sources of error may not all be of the same sign, and they depend somewhat on the atmospheric state. It is estimated that the accuracy of the V6 zonal mean ozone distribution is within ±9% from 50–10hPa, improving to ±7% in the uppermost stratosphere. Simulation studies show that the LIMS T(p) retrievals are underestimating slightly the small amplitudes of the atmospheric temperature tides, which affect the retrieved day/night ozone differences. There are also small biases in the middle to lower stratosphere for the ascending versus descending node LIMS ozone, due principally to not accounting for the asymmetric weighting of its radiance within the tangent layer. The total accuracy for the LIMS ozone was assessed by comparing its daily zonal mean, daytime distributions against those from the Nimbus 7 SBUV Version 8 (V8) dataset for the same period. The LIMS V6 ozone agrees well with SBUV, except between 2 and 5hPa where the LIMS ozone is greater. That bias is related to the differing vertical resolutions and forward models for the two experiments. The accuracy for LIMS V6 ozone in the lower stratosphere is improved over that reported for V5, as indicated by a small set of V6 comparisons with ECC ozonesonde profiles. Comparisons of diurnal, photochemical model calculations with the monthly-averaged, upper stratospheric ozone obtained with LIMS V6 indicate only a slight ozone deficit for the model at about 2hPa. However, that deficit exhibits little to no seasonal variation and is in good agreement with similar model comparisons for a seasonal time series of ozone obtained with ground-based microwave instruments. Because the LIMS V6 ozone has improved accuracy and sampling versus that of V5 for the lower stratosphere it should now be possible to conduct quantitative studies of ozone transport and chemistry for the northern hemisphere, polar winter/spring of 1978/79—a time period when the catalytic loss of ozone due to reactive chlorine should not have been a major factor for the Arctic stratosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - OZONE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - Infrared limb-sounder
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Stratosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 24220356; Remsberg, Ellis 1; Email Address: Ellis.E.Remsberg@nasa.gov Lingenfelser, Gretchen 2 Natarajan, Murali 1 Gordley, Larry 3 Marshall, B.Thomas 3 Thompson, Earl 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: SAIC, Incorporated, 1 Enterprise Pkwy., Hampton, VA 23661, USA  3: GATS, Incorporated, 11864 Canon Blvd., Suite 101, Newport News, VA 23606, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 105 Issue 3, p492; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared limb-sounder; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2006.12.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=24220356&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, David
AU  - Nemeth, Michael P.
AU  - Braun, Robert
T1  - Introduction: Solar Sail Propulsion: Demonstration of a System.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 737
EP  - 737
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The article discusses a special edition of the Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (JSR) presented by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) focusing on recent advancements in solar sail technology.
KW  - SOLAR sails
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
N1  - Accession Number: 26407989; Edwards, David 1 Nemeth, Michael P. 2 Braun, Robert 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center  2: NASA Langley Research Center  3: Georgia Institute of Technology; Source Info: Jul/Aug2007, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p737; Subject Term: SOLAR sails; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.32771
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26407989&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaspar, James L.
AU  - Jones, Thomas W.
AU  - Murphy, David M.
T1  - Solar Sail Structural Characterization Test Program.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 783
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The NASA in-space propulsion program sponsored intensive solar-sail technology and systems design, development, and hardware demonstration activities over the past three years. Efforts to validate an ATK Space Systems designed scalable solar sail system by functional demonstration in relevant environments, together with structural test-analysis correlation activities have recently been successfully completed. The tests spanned three phases of the program, with each phase lasting approximately 1 year; phase 1 focused on component tests of a mast segment and sail quadrant, phase 2 focused on a 10-m quadrant with two supporting masts, and phase 3 focused on a 20-m sail system with all four quadrants and masts. These tests were conducted for the purpose of validating analytical models that would be required by a flight test program to predict in-space performance. Specific tests included static shape testing using photogrammetry and modal vibration tests on the sail in a 1 torr vacuum environment using various excitation locations and techniques. The excitation methods were evaluated for their applicability to in-vacuum ground testing and their traceability to the development of on-orbit flight test techniques. The solar-sail masts were modal vibration tested in ambient atmospheric conditions and these results are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR sails
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 26407993; Gaspar, James L. 1 Jones, Thomas W. 1 Murphy, David M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681  2: ATK Space Systems and Sensors, Goleta, California 93117; Source Info: Jul/Aug2007, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p765; Subject Term: SOLAR sails; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 57 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 29 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.22897
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26407993&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Mark C.
AU  - Sim, Alexander G.
AU  - Rhode, Matthew
AU  - Johnson Sr., Kevin D.
T1  - Wind-Tunnel Results of the B-52B with the X-43A Stack.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2007/07//Jul/Aug2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 871
EP  - 877
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A low-speed wind-tunnel test was performed with a 3%-scale model of a booster rocket mated to an X-43A research vehicle, a combination referred to as the Hyper-X launch vehicle. The test was conducted both in freestream air and in the presence of a partial model of the B-52B airplane. The objectives of the test were to obtain force and moment data to generate structural loads affecting the pylon of the B-52B airplane and to determine the aerodynamic influence of the B-52B on the Hyper-X launch vehicle for evaluating launch separation characteristics. The wind-tunnel test was conducted at a low-speed wind tunnel in Hampton, Virginia. All moments and forces reported are based either on the aerodynamic influence of the B-52B airplane or are for the Hyper-X launch vehicle in freestream air. Overall, the test showed that the B-52B airplane imparts a strong downwash onto the Hyper-X launch vehicle, reducing the net lift of the Hyper-X launch vehicle. Pitching and rolling moments are also imparted onto the booster and are a strong function of the launch-drop angle of attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite launching
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 26408002; Davis, Mark C. 1 Sim, Alexander G. 1 Rhode, Matthew 2 Johnson Sr., Kevin D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California 93523  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Analytical Services & Materials Inc., NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California 93523; Source Info: Jul/Aug2007, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p871; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite launching; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.27191
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26408002&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sprofera, Joseph D.
AU  - Cabell, Randolph H.
AU  - Gibbs, Gary P.
AU  - Clark, Robert L.
T1  - Structural acoustic control of plates with variable boundary conditions: Design methodology.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 122
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 279
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A method for optimizing a structural acoustic control system subject to variations in plate boundary conditions is provided. The assumed modes method is used to build a plate model with varying levels of rotational boundary stiffness to simulate the dynamics of a plate with uncertain edge conditions. A transducer placement scoring process, involving Hankel singular values, is combined with a genetic optimization routine to find spatial locations robust to boundary condition variation. Predicted frequency response characteristics are examined, and theoretically optimized results are discussed in relation to the range of boundary conditions investigated. Modeled results indicate that it is possible to minimize the impact of uncertain boundary conditions in active structural acoustic control by optimizing the placement of transducers with respect to those uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - SOUND
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 25638798; Sprofera, Joseph D. 1; Email Address: joe.sprofera@gmail.com Cabell, Randolph H. 2; Email Address: r.h.cabell@larc.nasa.gov Gibbs, Gary P. 3; Email Address: gary@aeqisound.com Clark, Robert L. 1; Email Address: rclark@duke.edu; Affiliation:  1: Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Quiet Aircraft Technology Project, Hampton Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 122 Issue 1, p271; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.2739404
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Touil, H.
AU  - Hussaini, M. Y.
AU  - Gotoh, T.
AU  - Rubinstein, R.
AU  - Woodruff, S. L.
T1  - Development of stochastic models for turbulence.
JO  - New Journal of Physics
JF  - New Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 13672630
AB  - Subgrid scale interactions in forced homogeneous turbulence are decomposed into components correlated and uncorrelated with the resolved velocity field. The correlated part is well known to be equivalent to a spectral eddy viscosity. The mean energy transfer can be predicted even if the uncorrelated remainder is ignored, but statistics pertaining to the fluctuations of the nonlinear term require a model for the remainder, which is found to have a strongly non-Gaussian probability density. Some implications of including these non-Gaussian properties in stochastic models are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of New Journal of Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC models
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 42429949; Touil, H. 1,2 Hussaini, M. Y. 1 Gotoh, T. 3 Rubinstein, R. 4; Email Address: r.rubinstein@nasa.gov Woodruff, S. L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computational Science and Information Technology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA  2: LMM, CNRS UMR 7607, Université de Paris VI, France  3: Department of Computational Physics, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan  4: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  5: Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 9 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC models; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1367-2630/9/7/215
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramé, Enrique
T1  - The stagnation point in Marangoni-thickened Landau-Levich type flows.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2007/07//
VL  - 19
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 078102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Experiments and analyses have shown that, when Marangoni stresses are present, the thickness of the Landau-Levich drawn-out film increases compared to the Marangoni-free classic case. As the Marangoni stress increases from zero, the stagnation point moves from where the interface height is three times the film thickness to infinity in the meniscus region when the film thickness is 22/3 times the classic Landau-Levich value. In this Brief Communication, we examine the fate of the stagnation point as the film thickness increases past this value, and the stagnation point moves into the interior of the fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAGNATION point
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - MARANGONI effect
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - LIQUID-liquid interfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 26054101; Ramé, Enrique 1; Email Address: enrique.rame-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research in Fluids and Combustion, c/o NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 110-3, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p078102; Subject Term: STAGNATION point; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: MARANGONI effect; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: LIQUID-liquid interfaces; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2745728
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Picard, Y. N.
AU  - Twigg, M. E.
AU  - Mastro, M. A.
AU  - Eddy, C. R.
AU  - Henry, R. L.
AU  - Holm, R. T.
AU  - Neudeck, P. G.
AU  - Trunek, A. J.
AU  - Powell, J. A.
T1  - Threading dislocation behavior in AlN nucleation layers for GaN growth on 4H-SiC.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/07/02/
VL  - 91
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 014101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Threading dislocations in thin (<200 nm) AlN nucleation layers (NLs) grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on top of 4H-SiC on-axis mesas with atomic-scale steps were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The AlN NL controlled threading dislocations in an overlying ∼2 μm GaN layer through two identified mechanisms: threading half-loop formation and dislocation bending at V-shaped pits. Threading dislocations in the AlN film could be traced directly to bilayer 4H-SiC steps at the substrate/film interface. These observations reveal several approaches to extended defect reduction in GaN films grown on 4H-SiC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM compounds
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - GALLIUM nitride
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 27971139; Picard, Y. N. 1 Twigg, M. E. 1 Mastro, M. A. 1 Eddy, C. R. 1 Henry, R. L. 1 Holm, R. T. 1 Neudeck, P. G. 2 Trunek, A. J. 3 Powell, J. A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Electronics Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: OAI, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Sest, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 7/2/2007, Vol. 91 Issue 1, p014101; Subject Term: ALUMINUM compounds; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: GALLIUM nitride; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2754638
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manuel  Salas
T1  - The curious events leading to the theory of shock waves.
JO  - Shock Waves
JF  - Shock Waves
Y1  - 2007/07/03/
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 477
EP  - 487
SN  - 09381287
AB  - Abstract  We review the history of the development of the modern theory of shock waves. Several attempts at an early-theory quickly collapsed for lack of foundations in mathematics and thermodynamics. It is not until the works of Rankine and later Hugoniot that a full theory is established. Rankine is the first to show that within the shock a non-adiabatic process must occur. Hugoniot showed that in the absence of viscosity and heat conduction conservation of energy implies conservation of entropy in smooth regions and a jump in entropy across a shock. Even after the theory is fully developed, old notions continue to pervade the literature well into the early part of the twentieth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Shock Waves is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - RANKINE cycle
KW  - ADIABATIC engines
N1  - Accession Number: 25595437; Manuel  Salas 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center Mail Stop 499 Hampton VA 23681-2199 USA Mail Stop 499 Hampton VA 23681-2199 USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 16 Issue 6, p477; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: RANKINE cycle; Subject Term: ADIABATIC engines; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodard, Stanley E.
AU  - Taylor, Bryant D.
T1  - A wireless fluid-level measurement technique
JO  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2007/07/04/
VL  - 137
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 268
EP  - 278
SN  - 09244247
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents the application of a recently developed wireless measurement acquisition system to fluid-level measurement that alleviates many shortcomings of fluid-level measurement methods currently being used, including limited applicability of any one fluid-level sensor design; necessity for power to be supplied to each sensor and for the measurement to be extracted from each sensor via a physical connection to the sensor and needing a data channel and signal conditioning electronics be dedicated to each sensor. Use of wires results in other shortcomings such as logistics needed to add or replace sensors, weight, potential for electrical arcing and wire degradations. The fluid-level sensor design is a simple passive inductor–capacitor circuit that is not subject to mechanical failure that is possible when float and lever-arm systems are used. Oscillating magnetic fields are used to power the sensor. Once electrically excited, the sensor produces a magnetic field response. The response frequency corresponds to the amount of fluid within the capacitor''s electric field. The sensor design can be modified for measuring the level of any fluid or non-gaseous fluid substance that can be stored in a non-conductive reservoir. Methods are presented for using the sensor in caustic, acidic or cryogenic fluids. A method is also presented for calibrating the sensor response with respect to fractional fluid levels for different fluids using only the response when sensor is completely immersed in fluid and with it is not immersed in fluid. Results are presented for measuring the levels of hydrochloric acid, liquid nitrogen, sugar, ground corn, ammonia, bleach, water, salt water, oil, and transmission fluid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - PHYSICS instruments
KW  - CARBON monoxide detector manufacturing
KW  - Cryogenic
KW  - Fluid-level sensor
KW  - Magnetic field response sensor
KW  - Wireless
N1  - Accession Number: 25410675; Woodard, Stanley E.; Email Address: s.e.woodard@larc.nasa.gov Taylor, Bryant D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 137 Issue 2, p268; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Subject Term: PHYSICS instruments; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide detector manufacturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid-level sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic field response sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wireless; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sna.2007.03.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, D. P.
AU  - Dalton, J. B.
AU  - Ore, C. M. Dalle
AU  - Bauer, J.
AU  - Stephan, K.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Hendrix, A. R.
AU  - Hansen, C. J.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Tosi, F.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Brown, R. H.
AU  - Nelson, R. M.
AU  - McCord, T. B.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Nicholson, P. D.
T1  - Surface composition of Hyperion.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/07/05/
VL  - 448
IS  - 7149
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 56
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Hyperion, Saturn’s eighth largest icy satellite, is a body of irregular shape in a state of chaotic rotation. The surface is segregated into two distinct units. A spatially dominant high-albedo unit having the strong signature of H2O ice contrasts with a unit that is about a factor of four lower in albedo and is found mostly in the bottoms of cup-like craters. Here we report observations of Hyperion’s surface in the ultraviolet and near-infrared spectral regions with two optical remote sensing instruments on the Cassini spacecraft at closest approach during a fly-by on 25–26 September 2005. The close fly-by afforded us the opportunity to obtain separate reflectance spectra of the high- and low-albedo surface components. The low-albedo material has spectral similarities and compositional signatures that link it with the surface of Phoebe and a hemisphere-wide superficial coating on Iapetus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 25621574; Cruikshank, D. P. 1; Email Address: Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov Dalton, J. B. 2 Ore, C. M. Dalle 2 Bauer, J. 3 Stephan, K. 4 Filacchione, G. 5 Hendrix, A. R. 3 Hansen, C. J. 3 Coradini, A. 5 Cerroni, P. 5 Tosi, F. 5 Capaccioni, F. 5 Jaumann, R. 4 Buratti, B. J. 3 Clark, R. N. 6 Brown, R. H. 7 Nelson, R. M. 3 McCord, T. B. 8 Baines, K. H. 3 Nicholson, P. D. 9; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6  2: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  4: DLR, Institute for Planetary Exploration, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  5: INAF-IASF Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica,  6: USGS, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA  7: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA  8: Space Science Institute NW, 22 Fiddler’s Road, Winthrop, Washington 98862-0667, USA  9: Cornell University, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Source Info: 7/5/2007, Vol. 448 Issue 7149, p54; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature05948
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S.  Vasavada
AU  - X.  Sun
AU  - M.  Ishii
AU  - W.  Duval
T1  - Study of two-phase flows in reduced gravity using ground based experiments.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2007/07/10/
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 75
SN  - 07234864
AB  - AbstractÂ Â Experimental studies have been carried out to support the development of a framework of the two-fluid model along with an interfacial area transport equation applicable to reduced gravity two-phase flows. The experimental study simulates the reduced gravity condition in ground based facilities by using two immiscible liquids of similar density namely, water as the continuous phase and Therminol 59 as the dispersed phase. We have acquired a total of eleven data sets in the bubbly flow and bubbly to slug flow transition regimes. These flow conditions have area-averaged void (volume) fractions ranging from 3 to 30% and channel Reynolds number for the continuous phase between 2,900 and 8,800. Flow visualization has been performed and a flow regime map developed which is compared with relevant bubbly to slug flow regime transition criteria. The comparison shows that the transition boundary is well predicted by the criterion based on critical void fraction. The value of the critical void fraction at transition was experimentally determined to be approximately 25%. In addition, important two-phase flow local parameters, including the void fraction, interfacial area concentration, droplet number frequency and droplet velocity, have been acquired at two axial locations using state-of-the-art multi-sensor conductivity probe. The radial profiles and axial development of the two-phase flow parameters show that the coalescence mechanism is enhanced by either increasing the continuous or dispersed phase Reynolds number. Evidence of turbulence induced particle interaction mechanism is highlighted. The data presented in this paper clearly show the marked differences in terms of bubble (droplet) size, phase distribution and phase interaction in two-phase flow between normal and reduced gravity conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
N1  - Accession Number: 25856531; S.  Vasavada 1 X.  Sun 2 M.  Ishii 1 W.  Duval 3; Affiliation:  1: Purdue University School of Nuclear Engineering 400 Central Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA 400 Central Drive West Lafayette IN 47907 USA  2: The Ohio State University Department of Mechanical Engineering 201 West 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA 201 West 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center Fluid Physics and Transport Branch 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland OH 44135 USA 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Norris, Jay P.
T1  - Source and Transient Detection Using Data Segmentation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/07/12/
VL  - 921
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 310
EP  - 314
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - GLAST photon data can be viewed as a set of points in a four dimensional space: position on the sky (2D), time (1D), and energy (1D). Many data analysis problems can be solved by studying the structure of photon density as a function of position in this space. We describe a procedure for detecting and characterizing point and transient sources using an algorithm that estimates the density profile in terms of the best-fitting piecewise constant model in space and time. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - GAMMA ray telescopes
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - SPACE
KW  - SKY
KW  - TIME
KW  - Bayesian blocks
KW  - Optimal segmentation
KW  - source detection
KW  - transient detection
N1  - Accession Number: 25774674; Scargle, Jeffrey D. 1 Norris, Jay P. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: University of Denver, Denver CO 80208  3: Stanford University; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 921 Issue 1, p310; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: GAMMA ray telescopes; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: SPACE; Subject Term: SKY; Subject Term: TIME; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian blocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal segmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: source detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: transient detection; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2757331
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edmonds, Y.
AU  - Baltz, E.
AU  - Bloom, E.
AU  - Cohen-Tanugi, J.
AU  - Godfrey, G.
AU  - Wai, L.
AU  - Wang, P.
AU  - Scargle, J.
AU  - Conrad, J.
T1  - Estimate for GLAST LAT Milky Way Dark Matter WIMP Line Sensitivity.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/07/12/
VL  - 921
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 514
EP  - 515
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The LAT Dark Matter and New Physics Working group has been developing approaches for the indirect astrophysical detection of annihilation of dark matter. Our work has assumed that a significant component of dark matter is a new type of Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP). The annihilation of two WIMPs usually results in the production of many high energy gamma rays (>1 GeV) that can be well measured in the GLAST LAT if present. There is also the possibility to observe γ lines from annihilation into γγ and or γZ final states. In popular SUSY theories these line decays occur at the 10-4 to 10-2 branching fraction level. Estimates of LAT sensitivity (at 5σ above background) and upper limits (upper limit at the 95% confidence level) to these WIMP lines will be presented. These sensitivities are given in photons/cm2/sec/sr and so do not depend on the WIMP models. However, they do depend on the diffuse background model. The latter is derived from GALPROP based on EGRET and other data in the EGRET energy range. We use extrapolations, provided by the GALPROP team to the higher energy range of 150 GeV explored in the preliminary line sensitivity study presented here. Comparison with theory depends upon the WIMP model (e.g., line energy and 1 or 2 hues), the DM halo model, and other astrophysics backgrounds. Thus estimates of the ability of the LAT to actually observe WIMP lines can vary over orders of magnitude depending upon which models are chosen. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DARK matter (Astronomy)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - MILKY Way
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - PHYSICS research
KW  - Dark Matter
KW  - Gamma Rays
KW  - GLAST
KW  - WIMP
N1  - Accession Number: 25774576; Edmonds, Y. 1,2 Baltz, E. 1,2 Bloom, E. 1,2 Cohen-Tanugi, J. 1,2 Godfrey, G. 1,2 Wai, L. 1,2 Wang, P. 1,2 Scargle, J. 3 Conrad, J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park, CA 94025  2: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035  4: Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, SE-10691 Stockholm; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 921 Issue 1, p514; Subject Term: DARK matter (Astronomy); Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: MILKY Way; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: PHYSICS research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dark Matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma Rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: GLAST; Author-Supplied Keyword: WIMP; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2757428
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conrad, Jan
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey
AU  - Ylinen, Tomi
T1  - Statistical analysis of detection of, and upper limits on, dark matter lines.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/07/12/
VL  - 921
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 586
EP  - 587
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In this note we present calculations of coverage and power for three different methods which could be used to calculate upper limits and/or claim discovery in a GLAST-LAT search for a dark matter line. The methods considered are Profile Likelihood, Bayesian factors and likelihood ratio confidence intervals and the calculations are done considering a simple benchmark model of two uncorrelated Poissonian measurements. Profile likelihood has the best coverage properties, the standard χ2 test the worst. For the power, the situation is vice-versa. In choosing a method one has to consider the false detection rate (1 - coverage) and counterweigh it to the possible achievable power. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STATISTICAL hypothesis testing
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Bayesian
KW  - coverage
KW  - dark matter
KW  - Feldman-Cousins
KW  - power
KW  - Profile Likelihood
KW  - AMERICAN Institute of Physics
N1  - Accession Number: 25774540; Conrad, Jan 1 Scargle, Jeffrey 2 Ylinen, Tomi 1; Affiliation:  1: Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, Stockholm, Sweden  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 921 Issue 1, p586; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STATISTICAL hypothesis testing; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian; Author-Supplied Keyword: coverage; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feldman-Cousins; Author-Supplied Keyword: power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Profile Likelihood; Company/Entity: AMERICAN Institute of Physics; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2757464
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vanderbilt, Vern C.
AU  - Khanna, Shruti
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
T1  - Impact of pixel size on mapping surface water in subsolar imagery
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2007/07/12/
VL  - 109
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We observed surface water in a wetland, imaging in the subsolar or specular direction the exceptionally bright specular reflection of sunlight at a ground resolution of 0.3 m. We then simulated ground resolutions between 1.7 m and 1.2 km through aggregation of the 0.3 m pixels. Contrary to the expectations of some of our colleagues in the wetlands community, for these data, the accuracy of spectral mixture analysis (SMA) estimates of surface water increases as pixel ground footprint size increases. Our results suggest that regional to global scale assessments of flooded landscapes and wetlands that do not involve issues requiring 1 m resolution per se may be addressed with acceptable accuracy by applying SMA techniques to low resolution imagery. Our results indicate within-pixel estimates of surface water area derived from data measured by subsolar viewing sensors with large ground pixel footprints, such as satellite POLarization and Directionality of Earth Radiance (POLDER) data, may be highly accurate under strong surface wind conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WETLANDS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SPECULAR reflectance
KW  - WATER
KW  - RESOLUTION (Optics)
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis
KW  - SURFACE area
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - Linear spectral unmixing
KW  - Spectral mixture analysis
KW  - Specular reflection
KW  - Subsolar
KW  - Sun glint
KW  - Wetland
N1  - Accession Number: 25186770; Vanderbilt, Vern C. 1; Email Address: Vern.C.Vanderbilt@nasa.gov Khanna, Shruti 2 Ustin, Susan L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 109 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: WETLANDS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SPECULAR reflectance; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Optics); Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis; Subject Term: SURFACE area; Subject Term: WIND speed; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear spectral unmixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral mixture analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Specular reflection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subsolar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun glint; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wetland; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2006.12.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tindjong, R.
AU  - Luchinsky, D. G.
AU  - McClintock, P. V. E.
AU  - Kaufman, I.
AU  - Eisenberg, R. S.
T1  - Effect of charge fluctuations on the permeation of ions through biological ion channels.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/07/13/
VL  - 922
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 647
EP  - 650
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The effect of charge fluctuations at the mouth of an open ion channel on its conduction mechanism is analyzed within the framework of self-consistent Brownian dynamics simulations. It is shown that volume charge fluctuations at the channel mouth can be modelled as a generalized shot noise and result in strong modulation of the potential barrier for an ion at the selectivity site, on a sub-nanosecond time scale. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ION channels
KW  - LANGEVIN equations
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - BROWNIAN motion
KW  - PHYSICS -- Study & teaching
KW  - charge fluctuation
KW  - ion channels
KW  - Langevin equation
KW  - Poisson equation
KW  - self-consistent approach
N1  - Accession Number: 25849689; Tindjong, R. 1 Luchinsky, D. G. 1,2 McClintock, P. V. E. 1 Kaufman, I. 3 Eisenberg, R. S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269–3, Moffett Field, CA, 94035  3: VNII for Metrological Service, Gosstandart, Moscow, 119361, Russia  4: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush Medical college, 1750 West Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 922 Issue 1, p647; Subject Term: ION channels; Subject Term: LANGEVIN equations; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: BROWNIAN motion; Subject Term: PHYSICS -- Study & teaching; Author-Supplied Keyword: charge fluctuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ion channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Langevin equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poisson equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: self-consistent approach; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2759760
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leandro, L.J.
AU  - Szewczyk, N.J.
AU  - Benguría, A.
AU  - Herranz, R.
AU  - Laván, D.
AU  - Medina, F.J.
AU  - Gasset, G.
AU  - van Loon, J.
AU  - Conley, C.A.
AU  - Marco, R.
T1  - Comparative analysis of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans gene expression experiments in the European Soyuz flights to the International Space Station.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/07/15/
VL  - 40
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 506
EP  - 512
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The European Soyuz missions have been one of the main routes for conducting scientific experiments onboard the International Space Station, which is currently in the construction phase. A relatively large number of life and physical sciences experiments as well as technology demonstrations have been carried out during these missions. Included among these experiments are the Gene experiment during the Spanish “Cervantes” Soyuz mission and the ICE-1st experiment during the Dutch “Delta” mission. In both experiments, full genome microarray analyses were carried out on RNA extracted from whole animals recovered from the flight. These experiments indicated relatively large scale changes in gene expression levels in response to spaceflight for two popular model systems, Drosophila melanogaster (Gene) and Caenorabditis elegans (ICE-1st). Here we report a comparative analysis of results from these two experiments. Finding orthologous genes between the fruit fly and the nematode was far from straightforward, reducing the number of genes that we could compare to roughly 20% of the full comparative genome. Within this sub-set of the data (2286 genes), only six genes were found to display identical changes between species (decreased) while 1809 genes displayed no change in either species. Future experiments using ground simulation techniques will allow producing a better, more comprehensive picture of the putative set of genes affected in multicellular organisms by changes in gravity and getting a deeper understanding of how animals respond and adapt to spaceflight. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DROSOPHILA melanogaster
KW  - CAENORHABDITIS elegans
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - Drosophila melanogaster
KW  - Dutch Delta mission
KW  - European Soyuz missions
KW  - Gene expression patterns
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Microarrays
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Spanish Cervantes mission
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 26040272; Leandro, L.J. 1 Szewczyk, N.J. 2,3 Benguría, A. 4 Herranz, R. 1 Laván, D. 1 Medina, F.J. 5 Gasset, G. 6 van Loon, J. 7 Conley, C.A. 2 Marco, R. 1; Email Address: roberto.marco@uam.es; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Bioquímica-I.I. Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (UAM-CSIC), Madrid, Spain  2: Ames Research Center, NASA, M/S 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA  4: Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CSIC), Cantoblanco, E-28041 Madrid, Spain  5: Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain  6: GSBMS, Université “Paul Sabatier”, Toulouse, France  7: Dutch Experiment Support Center, DESC @ OCB-ACTA-Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 40 Issue 4, p506; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA melanogaster; Subject Term: CAENORHABDITIS elegans; Subject Term: GENE expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Caenorhabditis elegans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drosophila melanogaster; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dutch Delta mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: European Soyuz missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene expression patterns; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spanish Cervantes mission; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.070
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Asthana, R.
T1  - Joining of zirconium diboride-based ultra high-temperature ceramic composites using metallic glass interlayers
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2007/07/15/
VL  - 460-461
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 162
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Three zirconium diboride (ZrB2)-based ultra-high-temperature ceramic-matrix composites: ZrB2–SCS9–SiC (ZSS), ZrB2–SiC–C (ZSC), and ZrB2–SiC (ZS), were joined to themselves and to commercially pure Ti using two boron-containing amorphous Ni-base braze alloys (MBF-20 and MBF-30). The SEM and EDS examinations of the joint microstructure and interface composition revealed intimate composite-to-braze contact and metallurgically sound joint interfaces. The dissolution of Ti and ZrB2 in molten braze, and redistribution of Zr, Si, Ti and Cr across the joint region was observed. Fine hairline cracks formed in some of the joints due to thermal stresses from joining. The Knoop microhardness measurements revealed a peak hardness of 1600KHN within the braze region in the ZSS and ZSC composites, and lower (<1000KHN) hardness within the composites. The incomplete densification of ZSS during composite fabrication, and addition of carbon (and the resulting weakening of interfaces) in ZSC led to low hardness values within these composites in spite of the presence of hard ZrB2 and SiC phases. In contrast, the fully dense, hot-pressed ZrB2–SiC (ZS) composites exhibited high hardness (about 2100KHN). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLDER & soldering
KW  - BRAZING
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - Brazing
KW  - CMC's
KW  - EDS
KW  - Interface
KW  - Microhardness
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - SEM
N1  - Accession Number: 24873527; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: msingh@grc.nasa.gov Asthana, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Department of Engineering & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, United States; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 460-461, p153; Subject Term: SOLDER & soldering; Subject Term: BRAZING; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMC's; Author-Supplied Keyword: EDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microhardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: SEM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333992 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Garg, Anita
T1  - Mechanical and microstructural characterization of boron nitride nanotubes-reinforced SOFC seal glass composite
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2007/07/15/
VL  - 460-461
M3  - Article
SP  - 509
EP  - 515
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Barium calcium aluminosilicate G18 glass composite reinforced with 4wt% of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) were fabricated via hot pressing. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the microstructural features of the G18 glass–BNNT composite. Flexure strength, fracture toughness, elastic modulus, and microhardness of the composite were determined at ambient temperature. The strength of the G18 glass–BNNT composite was greater by as much as 90% and fracture toughness by as much as 35% than those of the unreinforced G18 glass. Microscopic examination of the composite fracture surfaces revealed pullout of the BNNTs. Density, elastic modulus, and Vickers microhardness of the composite were a little lower than those of the unreinforced glass. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Fuel cells
KW  - Glass ceramics
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Nanocomposite
N1  - Accession Number: 24873574; Choi, Sung R. 1; Email Address: sung.choi1@navy.mil Bansal, Narottam P. 2 Garg, Anita 2; Affiliation:  1: Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jul2007, Vol. 460-461, p509; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: OPTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposite; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.084
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Becklin, E.E.
AU  - Tielens, A.G.G.M.
AU  - Callis, H.H.S.
T1  - Spectroscopic observations with the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 644
EP  - 648
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The joint US and German SOFIA project to develop and operate a 2.5-meter infrared airborne telescope in a Boeing 747-SP is now in its final stages of development. Flying in the stratosphere, SOFIA allows observations through the infrared and submillimeter region, with an average transmission of greater than 80%. SOFIA is characterized by a wide instrument complement ranging from broadband imagers, through moderate resolution spectrographs capable of resolving broad features due to dust and large molecules, to high-resolution spectrometers suitable for kinematic studies of molecular and atomic gas lines at km/s resolution. This broad range in instruments will enable SOFIA to make unique contributions to a broad array of science topics. First science flights will begin in 2009 and the observatory is expected to operate for over 20 years. The sensitivity, characteristics, science instrument complement, and examples of first light spectroscopic science are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROSCOPIC imaging
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - Airborne astronomy
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Submillimeter
N1  - Accession Number: 26340779; Becklin, E.E. 1; Email Address: becklin@astro.ucla.edu Tielens, A.G.G.M. 2 Callis, H.H.S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Code SST, NASA Ames Research Center,MS 245-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p644; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPIC imaging; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Submillimeter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.05.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ennico, K.A.
AU  - Sandford, S.A.
T1  - Astrobiology explorer mission concepts (ABE/ASPIRE)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 654
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The AstroBiology Explorer (ABE) and the Astrobiology SPace InfraRed Explorer (ASPIRE) Mission Concepts are two missions designed to address the questions (1) “Where do we come from?” and (2) “Are we alone?” as outlined in NASA’s Origins Program. Both concepts use infrared spectroscopy to explore the identity, abundance, and distribution of molecules of astrobiological importance throughout the Universe. The ABE mission’s observational program is focused on investigating the evolution of ice and organics in all phases of the lifecycle of carbon in the universe, from stellar birth through stellar death and exogenous delivery of these compounds to planetary systems. The ASPIRE mission’s observational program expands upon ABE’s core mission and also addresses the role of silicates and gas-phase materials in interstellar organic chemistry. ABE (ASPIRE) achieves these goals using a highly sensitive, cryogenically-cooled telescope in an Earth drift-away heliocentric orbit, armed with a suite of infrared spectrometers that cover the 2.5–20 (40) micron spectral region at moderate spectral resolution (R >2000). ASPIRE’s spectrometer complement also includes a high-resolution (R >25,000) module over the 4–8 micron spectral region. Both missions’ target lists are chosen to observe a statistically significant sample of a large number of objects of varied types in support of the tasks outlined above. The ABE and ASPIRE mission lifetimes are designed to be 14 months and 3 years, respectively, both with significant cryogen and propellant lifetime margins to support an extended observing campaign. The ABE/ASPIRE Science Operations will be carried out at NASA’s Ames Research Center, and the ABE/ASPIRE database will be archived at Caltech/IPAC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Interstellar medium
KW  - Organics
KW  - Space telescope
N1  - Accession Number: 26340780; Ennico, K.A.; Email Address: Kimberly.A.Ennico@nasa.gov Sandford, S.A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p649; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space telescope; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26340780&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beresh, Steven J.
AU  - Heineck, James T.
AU  - Walker, Stephen M.
AU  - Schairer, Edward T.
AU  - Yaste, David M.
T1  - Planar Velocimetry of Jet/Fin Interaction on a Full-Scale Flight Vehicle Configuration.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1827
EP  - 1827
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry has been implemented in a production-scale transonic wind tunnel for studying jet/fin interaction created by exhaust plumes from spin rockets on a full-scale model of a finned body of revolution. Data acquired just upstream of the leading edge of the fin root clearly display the counter-rotating vortex pair that dominates the interaction far field and the remnant of the horseshoe vortex near the vehicle surface. The counter-rotating vortex pair is distinctly asymmetric due to originating from a scarfed nozzle and displays some rotation with respect to the model surface. Velocity fields measured over a range of flowfield conditions and model orientations show that the vortex of negative sign is always closer to the fins than its positive counterpart and does not greatly change location as flowfield parameters are altered. The circulation of this vortex correlates with a reduction in the simultaneously measured vehicle roll torque. Further correlations are hindered by untreatable bias errors in the velocimetry. Instead, a model of the vortex structure derived from the velocimetry data reveals that the angle of attack induced upon the fins by the counter-rotating vortex pair correlates with the roll torque loss. Similar correlations suggest that in level flight this effect is dominant, but at angle of attack the horseshoe vortex on the windward side has an additional influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - TRANSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - STEREOSCOPE
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - VORTEX motion
N1  - Accession Number: 26092871; Beresh, Steven J. 1; Email Address: sjberes@sandia.gov Heineck, James T. 2 Walker, Stephen M. 2 Schairer, Edward T. 2 Yaste, David M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p1827; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: TRANSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: STEREOSCOPE; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26485
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khorrami, Mehdi R.
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan M.
AU  - Lockard, David P.
AU  - Jenkins, Luther N.
AU  - McGinley, Catherine B.
T1  - Unsteady Flowfield Around Tandem Cylinders as Prototype Component Interaction in Airframe Noise.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1930
EP  - 1930
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The current effort characterizes the details of flow interactions and wake interference effects between two cylinders in a tandem configuration. This setup is representative of several component-level flow interactions that occur when air flows over the main landing gear of aircraft. Such interactions are likely to have a significant impact on the noise radiation associated with the undercarriage. This paper focuses on two-dimensional, time-accurate flow simulations of two distinct tandem cylinder flowregimes, associated with short and intermediate separation distances between the two cylinders. Unsteady Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes simulations using a two-equation turbulence model run at a Reynolds number of 1.66 x 1055 and a Mach number of 0.166 are presented. Emphasis is placed on understanding both the time-averaged and unsteady flow features between the two cylinders and in the wake of the rear cylinder. Predicted mean-flow quantities and vortex shedding frequencies show reasonable agreement with measured data for both cylinder spacings. Computations for the short separation distance exhibit a nonphysical decay of flow unsteadiness with time; however, the predicted sensitivity of the mean lift coefficient to small variations in the upstream flow angularity explains the asymmetric flowfield observed in the present and previous measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - CYLINDERS (Engines)
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - NOISE
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - LANDING gear
KW  - AIRPLANES
N1  - Accession Number: 26092861; Khorrami, Mehdi R. 1 Choudhari, Meelan M. 1 Lockard, David P. 1 Jenkins, Luther N. 1 McGinley, Catherine B. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p1930; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: CYLINDERS (Engines); Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: LANDING gear; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.23690
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Inger, George R.
AU  - Moss, James N.
T1  - Comparison of Navier--Stokes and Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Predictions with Separation.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2102
EP  - 2102
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article focuses on a study which compared a Navier-Stokes analytical theory of the separation and reattachment streamline angles with direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) predictions. The study is first derived from a local analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations relationships for the separation and reattachment angles in steady laminar flow on cooled axisymmetric bodies. The use of a finely gridded DSMC code to resolve the detailed physics of near continuum flows is supported by the results of the study.
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 26092879; Inger, George R. 1; Email Address: inger@iastate.edu Moss, James N. 2; Email Address: j.n.moss@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011-2271  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p2102; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.28278
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruiterkamp, R.
AU  - Charnley, S.
AU  - Butner, H.
AU  - Huang, H.-C.
AU  - Rodgers, S.
AU  - Kuan, Y.-J.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
T1  - Organic astrochemistry: observations of interstellar ketene.
JO  - Astrophysics & Space Science
JF  - Astrophysics & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 310
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 188
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0004640X
AB  - We have observed emission from both ortho and para spin states of ketene (CH2CO) towards several deeply-embedded protostars. The low CH2CO fractional abundances (∼10−10) and the rotation temperatures (∼20 K) are consistent with emission from the cooler envelope. We compare our results with previous studies and discuss possible production pathways to interstellar ketene. We suggest that, if low observed excitation temperatures of CH2CO, CH3CHO and H2CO are indicative of their absence from the hot core region, then this may be due to the extensive hydrogenation of pre-existing grain mantles prior to evaporation into the inner envelope, leading to lower abundances of these compounds and to mantles rich in alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysics & Space Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KETENES
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - COSMIC abundances
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - HYDROGENATION
KW  - abundances
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - clouds
KW  - formation
KW  - ISM
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - molecules
KW  - Stars
KW  - Stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 26147507; Ruiterkamp, R. 1 Charnley, S. 2; Email Address: charnley@dusty.arc.nasa.gov Butner, H. 3 Huang, H.-C. 4 Rodgers, S. 2 Kuan, Y.-J. Ehrenfreund, P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Leiden Observatory, 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands  2: Space Science & Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA  3: Department of Physics, James Madison University, 901 Carrier Drive Harrisonburg 22807-7702 USA  4: Department of Earth Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Sec. 4 Ting-Chou Rd. Taipei 116 Taiwan  5: Leiden Institute of Chemistry, 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 310 Issue 3/4, p181; Subject Term: KETENES; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: COSMIC abundances; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: HYDROGENATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: formation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10509-007-9493-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sjostedt, S.J.
AU  - Huey, L.G.
AU  - Tanner, D.J.
AU  - Peischl, J.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Dibb, J.E.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Hutterli, M.A.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.J.
AU  - Blake, N.J.
AU  - Blake, D.R.
AU  - Sueper, D.
AU  - Ryerson, T.
AU  - Burkhart, J.
AU  - Stohl, A.
T1  - Observations of hydroxyl and the sum of peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland during summer 2003
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 41
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 5122
EP  - 5137
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The first measurements of peroxy (HO2+RO2) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals above the arctic snowpack were collected during the summer 2003 campaign at Summit, Greenland. The median measured number densities for peroxy and hydroxyl radicals were 2.2×108 molcm−3 and 6.4×106 molcm−3, respectively. The observed peroxy radical values are in excellent agreement (, ) with highly constrained model predictions. However, calculated hydroxyl number densities are consistently more than a factor of 2 lower than the observed values. These results indicate that our current understanding of radical sources and sinks is in accord with our observations in this environment but that there may be a mechanism that is perturbing the (HO2+RO2)/OH ratio. This observed ratio was also found to depend on meteorological conditions especially during periods of high winds accompanied by blowing snow. Backward transport model simulations indicate that these periods of high winds were characterized by rapid transport (1–2 days) of marine boundary layer air to Summit. These data suggest that the boundary layer photochemistry at Summit may be periodically impacted by halogens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - SNOW
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - WINDS
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - GREENLAND
KW  - Greenland
KW  - HOx
KW  - Hydroxyl radical
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Polar
KW  - Summit
N1  - Accession Number: 25768990; Sjostedt, S.J. 1 Huey, L.G. 1; Email Address: greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu Tanner, D.J. 1 Peischl, J. 1,2 Chen, G. 3 Dibb, J.E. 4 Lefer, B. 5 Hutterli, M.A. 6,7 Beyersdorf, A.J. 8 Blake, N.J. 8 Blake, D.R. 8 Sueper, D. 2 Ryerson, T. 2 Burkhart, J. 9 Stohl, A. 10; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0340, USA  2: NOAA Aeronomy Lab, Boulder, CO 80305-3328, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824-3525, USA  5: Geosciences Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5007, USA  6: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  7: Physical Sciences Division, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK  8: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA  9: School of Engineering, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95344-2039, USA  10: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, P.O. Box 100, 2027 Kjeller, Norway; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 41 Issue 24, p5122; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Subject Term: SNOW; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: WINDS; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: GREENLAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenland; Author-Supplied Keyword: HOx; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Summit; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santa, K. J.
AU  - Sun, Z.
AU  - Chao, B. H.
AU  - Sunderland, P. B.
AU  - Axelbaum, R. L.
AU  - Urban, D. L.
AU  - Stocker, D. P.
T1  - Numerical and experimental observations of spherical diffusion flames.
JO  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
JF  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 639
EP  - 652
SN  - 13647830
AB  - Spherical diffusion flames supported on a porous sphere were studied numerically and experimentally. Experiments were performed in 2.2 s and 5.2 s microgravity facilities. Numerical results were obtained from a Chemkin-based programme. The programme simulates flow from a porous sphere into a quiescent environment, yields both steady state and transient results and accounts for optically thick gas-phase radiation. The low flow velocities and long residence times in these diffusion flames lead to enhanced radiative and diffusive effects. Despite similar adiabatic flame temperatures, the measured and predicted temperatures varied by as much as 700 K. The temperature reduction correlates with flame size but characteristic flow times and Lewis number also influence temperature. The numerical results show that the ambient gas Lewis number would have a strong effect on flame temperature if the flames were steady and nonradiating. For example, a 10% decrease in Lewis number would increase the steady state flame temperature by 200 K. However, for these transient, radiating flames the effect of Lewis number is small. It was also observed that when hydrocarbon fuel is supplied from the ambient the large diffusion distances associated with these flames can lead to unusual steady state compositions near the outer boundary because decomposition products can diffuse to the outer boundary. This results in a loss of chemical enthalpy from the system but the effect on flame temperature is small. Transient predictions of flame sizes are larger than those observed in microgravity experiments. Close agreement could not be obtained without either increasing the model's thermal and mass diffusion properties by 30% or reducing mass flowrate by 25%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Theory & Modelling is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - FLAME
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Laminar spherical diffusion flames
KW  - Lewis number
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Numerical combustion
KW  - Thin-filament pyrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 25727871; Santa, K. J. 1 Sun, Z. 2 Chao, B. H. 1; Email Address: bchao@eng.hawaii.edu Sunderland, P. B. 3 Axelbaum, R. L. 2 Urban, D. L. 4 Stocker, D. P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii, Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA  3: Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p639; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar spherical diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lewis number; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin-filament pyrometry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13647830601161567
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Sandi
AU  - Papadopoulos, Demetrios
AU  - Heimann, Paula
AU  - Inghram, Linda
AU  - McCorkle, Linda
T1  - Graphite sheet coating for improved thermal oxidative stability of carbon fiber reinforced/PMR-15 composites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 67
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2183
EP  - 2190
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: Expanded graphite was compressed into graphite sheets and used as a coating for carbon fiber reinforced PMR-15 composites. BET analysis of the graphite indicated an increase in graphite pore size on compression, however the material was proven to be an effective barrier to oxygen when prepreged with PMR-15 resin. Oxygen permeability of the PMR-15/graphite was an order of magnitude lower than the compressed graphite sheet. By providing a barrier to oxygen permeation, the rate of oxidative degradation of PMR-15 resin was decreased. As a result, the composite thermo-oxidative stability increased by up to 25%. The addition of a graphite sheet as a top ply on the composites yielded little change in the material’s flexural strength or interlaminar shear strength. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NATIVE element minerals
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - COATINGS industry
KW  - A. Coating
KW  - A. Hybrid compounds
KW  - A. Polymer matrix composites
KW  - B. High temperature properties
N1  - Accession Number: 25034883; Miller, Sandi 1; Email Address: Sandi.G.Miller@grc.nasa.gov Papadopoulos, Demetrios 2 Heimann, Paula 3 Inghram, Linda 3 McCorkle, Linda 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Polymers Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 49-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of Akron, Department of Polymer Science, Akron, OH, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 67 Issue 10, p2183; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NATIVE element minerals; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: COATINGS industry; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Hybrid compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. High temperature properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2005.10.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Fan, Chaojun
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Rodriguez, J.A.P.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Fink, Wolfgang
T1  - Exploration of hydrothermal targets on Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 189
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 308
EP  - 324
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Based on various lines of geologic, geomorphic, topographic, geophysical, spectral, and elemental evidence, we conclude that hydrothermal environments have certainly existed on Mars and are likely to still exist. Here, we present candidate targets of endogenic- and exogenic-driven hydrothermal environments on Mars based on a set of selection criteria and suggest strategies for the detection of such targets. This includes a re-evaluation of potential targets using both existing and yet-to-be-released remote information provided by the instruments onboard the Mars orbiters and rovers. We also provide terrestrial analogs for possible martian hydrothermal environments to highlight the implications of these targets for potential martian life. This compilation and synthesis of data from martian localities indicating hydrothermal activity is timely and a first step towards prioritizing candidate targets for further investigation, which will likely add more targets to this list. Future in situ exploration will have to focus on the most promising of the hydrothermal targets and investigate them utilizing a novel integrated multi-tier, multi-agent reconnaissance mission architecture. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - CRATERING
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Mars
KW  - Thermal histories
N1  - Accession Number: 25746004; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 1; Email Address: dirksm@wsu.edu Dohm, James M. 2,3 Fan, Chaojun 1 Fairén, Alberto G. 4,5 Rodriguez, J.A.P. 6 Baker, Victor R. 2,3 Fink, Wolfgang 7; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA  2: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, 94035 CA, USA  5: Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049-Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain  6: Planetary Science Institute, 1700E. Fort Lowell Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  7: Visual and Autonomous Exploration Systems Research Laboratory, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 189 Issue 2, p308; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: CRATERING; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal histories; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.02.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, W.-J.
AU  - Zhang, N.
AU  - Chao, D.-F.
AU  - Torii, S.
T1  - Pool Boiling on Composite Surfaces of Graphite Microfibers Imbedded in Metal Matrix.
JO  - International Journal of Transport Phenomena
JF  - International Journal of Transport Phenomena
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 159
SN  - 10286578
AB  - The composite surfaces of graphite micro-fiber reinforced copper (Gr-Cu) or aluminum (Gr-Al) are manufactured through graphite micro-fibers of 8 to 10 micron diameter imbedded co-axially within a copper or aluminum matrix with certain percentage area fraction. This article presents an overview of pool boiling experiments on such composite surfaces employing micro-fibers in a macro-application. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is employed to examine the topography of these composite surfaces for the characteristics of nucleation sites. The most important finding in pool boiling on the graphite-metal composite surfaces is a significant enhancement in performance over that on pure metal surfaces under the same operating conditions. The unique nature which is unseen in other high flux boiling surfaces has motivated over a decade study on the subject since 1991 by the authors and their associates. Results and discussion presented here include pool boiling performance, nucleation phenomena, bubble departure, hysteresis, critical heat flux, and the effects of micro-gravity conditions. The objective of this article is to utilize these composite surfaces as high heat flux surfaces for the cooling of electronic chips (very large-scale integration, VLSI) and other industrial applications including in space flights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Transport Phenomena is the property of Old City Publishing, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopes
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - bubble departure
KW  - composite surface
KW  - critical heat flux
KW  - hysteresis
KW  - nucleation phenomena
KW  - pool boiling performance
N1  - Accession Number: 26475531; Yang, W.-J. 1; Email Address: wjyang@umich.edu Zhang, N. 2 Chao, D.-F. 2 Torii, S. 3; Email Address: toni@mech.kumamoto-u.ac.jp; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135 U.S.A.  3: Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555 JAPAN; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p149; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopes; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: bubble departure; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: hysteresis; Author-Supplied Keyword: nucleation phenomena; Author-Supplied Keyword: pool boiling performance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juergensmeyer, M. A.
AU  - Nelson, E. S.
AU  - Juergensmeyer, E. A.
T1  - Shaking alone, without concurrent aeration, affects the growth characteristics of Escherichia coli.
JO  - Letters in Applied Microbiology
JF  - Letters in Applied Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 183
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 02668254
AB  - Aims:  This study investigated the effects of linear vibration on cultures grown in both hard- and soft-sided containers to determine whether vibration alone affected the growth rate. Methods and Results:  Cultures of Escherichia coli were exposed to vibrational acceleration with and without access to additional oxygen. Vibrated cultures grown in hard-sided containers exited lag phase earlier and had a higher final yield than identical unshaken cultures, whether or not the cultures had access to ambient air. Cultures grown in soft-sided containers showed no response to vibration. Conclusions:  Vibration in hard-sided containers decreases the length of the lag phase and increases final OD in E. coli, with or without increased oxygenation. Increased mixing and improved suspension, which result from vibration of cultures in hard-sided containers, are the most likely physical mechanisms for the more favorable culture conditions. Significance and Impact of the Study:  This paper demonstrates that growth enhancement of shaken cultures is a function of the rigidity of the vessel even without aeration of the medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Letters in Applied Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ESCHERICHIA coli
KW  - ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - RESERVOIRS -- Aeration
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - clinostat
KW  - E. coli
KW  - modeled microgravity
KW  - oxygenation of media
KW  - vibration
N1  - Accession Number: 25847854; Juergensmeyer, M. A. 1; Email Address: mjuergensmeyer@iitri.org Nelson, E. S. 2 Juergensmeyer, E. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  3: Judson College, Elgin, IL, USA; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p179; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Subject Term: ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: RESERVOIRS -- Aeration; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: clinostat; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. coli; Author-Supplied Keyword: modeled microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxygenation of media; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2007.02172.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Costes, Sylvain V.
AU  - Ponomarev, Artem
AU  - Chen, James L.
AU  - Nguyen, David
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
AU  - Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen
T1  - Image-Based Modeling Reveals Dynamic Redistribution of DNA Damage into Nuclear Sub-Domains.
JO  - PLoS Computational Biology
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 3
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1477
EP  - 1488
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 1553734X
AB  - Several proteins involved in the response to DNA double strand breaks (DSB) form microscopically visible nuclear domains, or foci, after exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced foci (RIF) are believed to be located where DNA damage occurs. To test this assumption, we analyzed the spatial distribution of 53BP1, phosphorylated ATM, and γH2AX RIF in cells irradiated with high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation and low LET. Since energy is randomly deposited along high-LET particle paths, RIF along these paths should also be randomly distributed. The probability to induce DSB can be derived from DNA fragment data measured experimentally by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We used this probability in Monte Carlo simulations to predict DSB locations in synthetic nuclei geometrically described by a complete set of human chromosomes, taking into account microscope optics from real experiments. As expected, simulations produced DNA-weighted random (Poisson) distributions. In contrast, the distributions of RIF obtained as early as 5 min after exposure to high LET (1 GeV/amu Fe) were non-random. This deviation from the expected DNA-weighted random pattern can be further characterized by "relative DNA image measurements." This novel imaging approach shows that RIF were located preferentially at the interface between high and low DNA density regions, and were more frequent than predicted in regions with lower DNA density. The same preferential nuclear location was also measured for RIF induced by 1 Gy of low-LET radiation. This deviation from random behavior was evident only 5 min after irradiation for phosphorylated ATM RIF, while γH2AX and 53BP1 RIF showed pronounced deviations up to 30 min after exposure. These data suggest that DNA damage--induced foci are restricted to certain regions of the nucleus of human epithelial cells. It is possible that DNA lesions are collected in these nuclear sub-domains for more efficient repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS Computational Biology is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - CELL nuclei -- Abnormalities
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - LINEAR energy transfer
KW  - EPITHELIAL cells
N1  - Accession Number: 31929582; Costes, Sylvain V. 1; Email Address: svcostes@lbl.gov Ponomarev, Artem 2,3 Chen, James L. 1 Nguyen, David 1 Cucinotta, Francis A. 2 Barcellos-Hoff, Mary Helen 1; Affiliation:  1: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America  2: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas, United States of America  3: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, United States of America; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 3 Issue 8, p1477; Subject Term: DNA damage; Subject Term: CELL nuclei -- Abnormalities; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: LINEAR energy transfer; Subject Term: EPITHELIAL cells; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pcbi.0030155
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Surface energies of the solid solutions between Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2007/08//
VL  - 601
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 3224
EP  - 3232
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: The surface energy for different surface orientations of the solid solutions as a function of concentration formed by Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W is computed and analyzed using the BFS method for alloys. Similarities and differences among the different binary alloys are examined in terms of strain and chemical effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Monte Carlo simulations
KW  - Surface energy
N1  - Accession Number: 25826122; Mosca, Hugo O. 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2,3; Email Address: GuillermoBozzolo@oai.org; Affiliation:  1: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, U.A. Física, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martín, Pcia. de Bs. As., Argentina  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 601 Issue 15, p3224; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface energy; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2007.05.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mushotzky, Richard
T1  - Plasma Astrophysics — Cosmology and the Growth of Cosmic Structure.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/08/02/
VL  - 926
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 91
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - I will present some of the ways that x-ray spectroscopy can be utilized to determine cosmological parameters focusing on 5 methods : the gas fraction in clusters, the use of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect, the detection of resonance scattering in clusters, the use of resonance absorption and emission in background sources and the growth of structure. All of these techniques except the S-Z effect rely heavily on high resolution x-ray spectroscopy and require the next generation of x-ray spectroscopic missions such as Constellation-X. The promise of these techniques is great and they have the potential for precision cosmology with errors similar to those of other precision techniques such as type Ia supernova. If time permits I will also talk about how we can learn about how active galaxies strongly influence the growth of cosmic structure and how broad band high resolution x-ray spectra are necessary to measure the effects of AGN and how much energy they input into the universe and the role of new atomic physics calculations in interpreting these results. A related discussion can be found in a previously published manuscript. © 2007 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA astrophysics
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - DOUBLE layers (Astrophysics)
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 26147871; Mushotzky, Richard 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 926 Issue 1, p91; Subject Term: PLASMA astrophysics; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: DOUBLE layers (Astrophysics); Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2768838
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Serizawa, H.
AU  - Fujita, D.
AU  - Lewinsohn, C.A.
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Murakawa, H.
T1  - Numerical analysis of mechanical testing for evaluating shear strength of SiC/SiC composite joints
JO  - Journal of Nuclear Materials
JF  - Journal of Nuclear Materials
Y1  - 2007/08/02/Aug2007 Part B
VL  - 367-370
IS  - B
M3  - Article
SP  - 1223
EP  - 1227
SN  - 00223115
AB  - Abstract: As examples of the most typical methods to determine the shear strength of SiC/SiC composite joints, the asymmetrical four point bending test of a butt-joined composite, the tensile test of a lap-joined composite, and the compression test of a double-notched composite joint were analyzed by using a finite element method with the interface element. From the results, it was found that the shear strength in the asymmetrical bending test was controlled by both the surface energy and the shear strength at the interface regardless of their combination while the strength in the tensile test or the compression test was governed by the surface energy when both the surface energy and the shear strength were large. Also, the apparent shear strength of the composite joint obtained experimentally appeared to be affected by the combination of the surface energy and the shear strength at the interface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nuclear Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 25850125; Serizawa, H. 1; Email Address: serizawa@jwri.osaka-u.ac.jp Fujita, D. 1 Lewinsohn, C.A. 2 Singh, M. 3 Murakawa, H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, 11-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan  2: Ceramatec Inc., 2425 South 900 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84119, USA  3: MS 106-5, Ceramics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Aug2007 Part B, Vol. 367-370 Issue B, p1223; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2007.03.223
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
AU  - Ramana, Muvva V.
AU  - Roberts, Gregory
AU  - Kim, Dohyeong
AU  - Corrigan, Craig
AU  - Chul Chung
AU  - Winker, David
T1  - Warming trends in Asia amplified by brown cloud solar absorption.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/08/02/8/2/2007 Supplement
VL  - 448
IS  - 7153
M3  - Letter
SP  - 575
EP  - 578
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Atmospheric brown clouds are mostly the result of biomass burning and fossil fuel consumption. They consist of a mixture of light-absorbing and light-scattering aerosols and therefore contribute to atmospheric solar heating and surface cooling. The sum of the two climate forcing terms—the net aerosol forcing effect—is thought to be negative and may have masked as much as half of the global warming attributed to the recent rapid rise in greenhouse gases. There is, however, at least a fourfold uncertainty in the aerosol forcing effect. Atmospheric solar heating is a significant source of the uncertainty, because current estimates are largely derived from model studies. Here we use three lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles that were vertically stacked between 0.5 and 3 km over the polluted Indian Ocean. These unmanned aerial vehicles deployed miniaturized instruments measuring aerosol concentrations, soot amount and solar fluxes. During 18 flight missions the three unmanned aerial vehicles were flown with a horizontal separation of tens of metres or less and a temporal separation of less than ten seconds, which made it possible to measure the atmospheric solar heating rates directly. We found that atmospheric brown clouds enhanced lower atmospheric solar heating by about 50 per cent. Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends. We propose that the combined warming trend of 0.25 K per decade may be sufficient to account for the observed retreat of the Himalayan glaciers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 25997641; Ramanathan, Veerabhadran 1; Email Address: vramanathan@ucsd.edu Ramana, Muvva V. 1 Roberts, Gregory 1 Kim, Dohyeong 1 Corrigan, Craig 1 Chul Chung 1 Winker, David 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California 92037, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: 8/2/2007 Supplement, Vol. 448 Issue 7153, p575; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature06019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aksak, Burak
AU  - Sitti, Metin
AU  - Cassell, Alan
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Meyyappan, Meyya
AU  - Callen, Phillip
T1  - Friction of partially embedded vertically aligned carbon nanofibers inside elastomers.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/08/06/
VL  - 91
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 061906
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers partially embedded inside polyurethane (eVACNFs) are proposed as a robust high friction fibrillar material with a compliant backing. Carbon nanofibers with 50–150 nm in diameter and 20–30 μm in length are vertically grown on silicon and transferred completely inside an elastomer by vacuum molding. By using time controlled and selective oxygen plasma etching, fibers are partially released up to 5 μm length. Macroscale friction experiments show that eVACNFs exhibit reproducible effective friction coefficients up to 1. Besides high friction, the proposed fabrication method improves fiber-substrate bond strength, and enables uniform height nanofibers with a compliant backing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUBRICATION & lubricants
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - SILICON
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - CARBON
N1  - Accession Number: 26295490; Aksak, Burak 1 Sitti, Metin 1 Cassell, Alan 2 Li, Jun 2 Meyyappan, Meyya 2 Callen, Phillip 3; Affiliation:  1: NanoRobotics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058; Source Info: 8/6/2007, Vol. 91 Issue 6, p061906; Subject Term: LUBRICATION & lubricants; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: CARBON; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2767997
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kanevsky, Alex
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
AU  - Gottlieb, David
AU  - Hesthaven, Jan S.
T1  - Application of implicit–explicit high order Runge–Kutta methods to discontinuous-Galerkin schemes
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2007/08/10/
VL  - 225
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1753
EP  - 1781
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: Despite the popularity of high-order explicit Runge–Kutta (ERK) methods for integrating semi-discrete systems of equations, ERK methods suffer from severe stability-based time step restrictions for very stiff problems. We implement a discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM) along with recently introduced high-order implicit–explicit Runge–Kutta (IMEX-RK) schemes to overcome geometry-induced stiffness in fluid-flow problems. The IMEX algorithms solve the non-stiff portions of the domain using explicit methods, and isolate and solve the more expensive stiff portions using an L-stable, stiffly-accurate explicit, singly diagonally implicit Runge–Kutta method (ESDIRK). Furthermore, we apply adaptive time-step controllers based on the embedded temporal error predictors. We demonstrate in a number of numerical test problems that IMEX methods in conjunction with efficient preconditioning become more efficient than explicit methods for systems exhibiting high levels of grid-induced stiffness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - RUNGE-Kutta formulas
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM)
KW  - High-order
KW  - Implicit–explicit (IMEX) method
KW  - Navier–Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 26034277; Kanevsky, Alex 1; Email Address: kanevsky@dam.brown.edu Carpenter, Mark H. 2; Email Address: Mark.H.Carpenter@nasa.gov Gottlieb, David 1; Email Address: dig@dam.brown.edu Hesthaven, Jan S. 1; Email Address: Jan.Hesthaven@Brown.edu; Affiliation:  1: Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Box F, Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: Aeronautics and Aeroacoustic Methods Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 225 Issue 2, p1753; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: RUNGE-Kutta formulas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DGFEM); Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Implicit–explicit (IMEX) method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26034277&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dillon, Jesse G.
AU  - Fishbain, Susan
AU  - Miller, Scott R.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Habicht, Kirsten S.
AU  - Webb, Samuel M.
AU  - Stahl, David A.
T1  - High Rates of Sulfate Reduction in a Low-Sulfate Hot Spring Microbial Mat Are Driven by a Low Level of Diversity of Sulfate-Respiring Microorganisms.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2007/08/15/
VL  - 73
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5218
EP  - 5226
SN  - 00992240
AB  - The importance of sulfate respiration in the microbial mat found in the low-sulfate thermal outflow of Mushroom Spring in Yellowstone National Park was evaluated using a combination of molecular, microelectrode, and radiotracer studies. Despite very low sulfate concentrations, this mat community was shown to sustain a highly active sulfur cycle. The highest rates of sulfate respiration were measured close to the surface of the mat late in the day when photosynthetic oxygen production ceased and were associated with a Thermodesulfovibrio-like population. Reduced activity at greater depths was correlated with novel populations of sulfate-reducing microorganisms, unrelated to characterized species, and most likely due to both sulfate and carbon limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - MICROELECTRODES
KW  - RADIOACTIVE tracers
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - GEOTHERMAL resources
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 26360117; Dillon, Jesse G. 1; Email Address: jdillon@csulb.edu Fishbain, Susan 2 Miller, Scott R. 3 Bebout, Brad M. 4 Habicht, Kirsten S. 5 Webb, Samuel M. 2 Stahl, David A. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Microbiology and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208  3: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812  4: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 95035  5: Nordic Center for Earth Evolution and Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark  6: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 981956; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 73 Issue 16, p5218; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: MICROELECTRODES; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE tracers; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: GEOTHERMAL resources; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221116 Geothermal Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.00357-07
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26360117&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Draper, S.L.
AU  - Krause, D.
AU  - Lerch, B.
AU  - Locci, I.E.
AU  - Doehnert, B.
AU  - Nigam, R.
AU  - Das, G.
AU  - Sickles, P.
AU  - Tabernig, B.
AU  - Reger, N.
AU  - Rissbacher, K.
T1  - Development and evaluation of TiAl sheet structures for hypersonic applications
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2007/08/25/
VL  - 464
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 330
EP  - 342
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: A cooperative program between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Austrian Space Agency (ASA), Pratt & Whitney, Engineering Evaluation and Design, and Plansee AG was undertaken to determine the feasibility of achieving significant weight reduction of hypersonic propulsion system structures through the utilization of TiAl. A trade study defined the weight reduction potential of TiAl technologies as 25–35% compared to the baseline Ni-base superalloy for a stiffener structure in an inlet, combustor, and nozzle section of a hypersonic scramjet engine. A scramjet engine inlet cowl flap was designed, along with a representative subelement, using design practices unique to TiAl. A subelement was fabricated and tested to assess fabricability and structural performance and validate the design system. The TiAl alloy selected was PLANSEE''s third generation alloy Gamma Met PX, 1 [1] Gamma Met PX is a trademark of PLANSEE AG, Austria. a high temperature, high-strength γ-TiAl alloy with high Nb content. Characterization of Gamma Met PX sheet, including tensile, creep, and fatigue testing was performed. Additionally, design-specific coupons were fabricated and tested in order to improve subelement test predictions. Based on the sheet characterization and results of the coupon tests, the subelement failure location and failure load were accurately predicted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - Fabrication
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Sheet
KW  - Titanium aluminide
N1  - Accession Number: 25106707; Draper, S.L. 1; Email Address: Susan.L.Draper@nasa.gov Krause, D. 1 Lerch, B. 1 Locci, I.E. 1 Doehnert, B. 2 Nigam, R. 2 Das, G. 3 Sickles, P. 4 Tabernig, B. 5 Reger, N. 5 Rissbacher, K. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA—Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  2: Pratt & Whitney, West Palm Beach, FL, United States  3: Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT, United States  4: Engineering Evaluation and Design, Florence, KY, United States  5: Plansee AG, Reutte, Austria; Source Info: Aug2007, Vol. 464 Issue 1/2, p330; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sheet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium aluminide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.02.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25106707&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Picard, Y. N.
AU  - Caldwell, J. D.
AU  - Twigg, M. E.
AU  - Eddy, C. R.
AU  - Mastro, M. A.
AU  - Henry, R. L.
AU  - Holm, R. T.
AU  - Neudeck, P. G.
AU  - Trunek, A. J.
AU  - Powell, J. A.
T1  - Nondestructive analysis of threading dislocations in GaN by electron channeling contrast imaging.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/08/27/
VL  - 91
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 094106
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Threading dislocations in metal-organic chemical-vapor grown GaN films were imaged nondestructively by the electron channeling contrast imaging (ECCI) technique. Comparisons between ECCI and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy indicated that pure edge dislocations can be imaged in GaN by ECCI. Total threading dislocation densities were measured by ECCI for various GaN films on engineered 4H-SiC surfaces and ranged from 107 to 109 cm-2. A comparison between the ultraviolet electroluminescent output measured at 380 nm and the total dislocation density as measured by ECCI revealed an inverse logarithmic dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL organic chemical vapor deposition
KW  - GALLIUM nitride
KW  - THIN films
KW  - ELECTROLUMINESCENCE
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 26520597; Picard, Y. N. 1 Caldwell, J. D. 1 Twigg, M. E. 1 Eddy, C. R. 1 Mastro, M. A. 1 Henry, R. L. 1 Holm, R. T. 1 Neudeck, P. G. 2 Trunek, A. J. 3 Powell, J. A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Electronics Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: OAI, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Sest, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 8/27/2007, Vol. 91 Issue 9, p094106; Subject Term: METAL organic chemical vapor deposition; Subject Term: GALLIUM nitride; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2777151
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeff
T1  - Planets: The first movement.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/08/30/
VL  - 448
IS  - 7157
M3  - Article
SP  - 1003
EP  - 1003
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article looks at how large objects form from the dusty gas that surrounds a young star. It is said that making planets takes several stages because tiny interstellar grains must accrete into mountain-sized objects massive enough to decouple from their cocoon of nebula gas in order to form a complete planet. It cites one popular mechanism, that is magnetorotational instability, wherein low-density, ionized nebula gas couples to ambient magnetic fields strongly enough that tiny velocity fluctuations are amplified. Further, a study indicates that future efforts devoted to developing more complex models of the interactions between particles and gas in the protoplanetary nebula will be a good investment.
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ionization
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERIC physics
KW  - DECOUPLING (Mathematics)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - PROTO-planetary nebulae
N1  - Accession Number: 26383003; Cuzzi, Jeff 1; Email Address: jcuzzi@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/30/2007, Vol. 448 Issue 7157, p1003; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ionization; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: DECOUPLING (Mathematics); Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: PROTO-planetary nebulae; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/4481003a
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26383003&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Piyush
AU  - Raj, Sai V.
AU  - Hemker, K.J.
T1  - Characterization of NiCrAlY coatings for a high strength, high conductivity GRCop-84 copper alloy
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 55
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 5103
EP  - 5113
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: NiCrAlY top coats are currently being considered as environmental protective coatings for copper alloy liners in rocket engine combustion chambers of reusable launch vehicles. The microstructure and mechanical properties of this top coat sprayed on GRCop-84 have been characterized as a function of thermal cycling between 298 and 873K and no obvious degradation was observed. Interfacial microsample tensile tests developed to measure coating adhesion to the substrate revealed that the interfaces were stronger than the substrate in both the as-received and thermal cycled conditions. Finite element modeling was used to analyze the stresses in the microsamples and verify the strength of the interfaces. The formation of depleted zones, devoid of Cr2Nb particles, was associated with plasma arc cleaning in a minority of the samples prepared for this study, and the presence of these depleted zones has been found to significantly decrease the adhesion of the NiCrAlY coating and to change the failure mode in thermal cycled specimens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL coating
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - COPPER alloys
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - CHROMIUM
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - YTTRIUM
KW  - Adhesion
KW  - Coatings
KW  - Finite element modeling
KW  - Tension test
N1  - Accession Number: 26151965; Jain, Piyush 1 Raj, Sai V. 2 Hemker, K.J. 1; Email Address: hemker@jhu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 55 Issue 15, p5103; Subject Term: METAL coating; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: COPPER alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: CHROMIUM; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: YTTRIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tension test; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.05.044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26151965&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khatib, Lina
AU  - Morris, Paul
AU  - Morris, Robert
AU  - Rossi, Francesca
AU  - Sperduti, Alessandro
AU  - Venable, K. Brent
T1  - Solving and learning a tractable class of soft temporal constraints: Theoretical and experimental results.
JO  - AI Communications
JF  - AI Communications
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 209
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 09217126
AB  - Often we need to work in scenarios where events happen over time and preferences are associated with event distances and durations. Soft temporal constraints allow one to describe in a natural way problems arising in such scenarios. In general, solving soft temporal problems requires exponential time in the worst case, but there are interesting subclasses of problems which are polynomially solvable. In this paper we identify one of such subclasses, that is, simple fuzzy temporal problems with semi-convex preference functions, giving tractability results. Moreover, we describe two solvers for this class of soft temporal problems, and we show some experimental results. The random generator used to build the problems on which tests are performed is also described. We also compare the two solvers highlighting the tradeoff between performance and robustness. Sometimes, however, temporal local preferences are difficult to set, and it may be easier instead to associate preferences to some complete solutions of the problem. To model everything in a uniform way via local preferences only, and also to take advantage of the existing constraint solvers which exploit only local preferences, we show that machine learning techniques can be useful in this respect. In particular, we present a learning module based on a gradient descent technique which induces local temporal preferences from global ones. We also show the behavior of the learning module on randomly-generated examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AI Communications is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER scheduling
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - CONSTRAINT programming (Computer science)
KW  - MACHINE theory
KW  - APPROPRIATE technology
KW  - learning constraints
KW  - preferences
KW  - scheduling
KW  - Temporal constraints
N1  - Accession Number: 26888710; Khatib, Lina 1 Morris, Paul 1 Morris, Robert 1 Rossi, Francesca 2 Sperduti, Alessandro 2 Venable, K. Brent 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: University of Padova, Dept. of Pure and Applied Mathematics, Via G.B. Belzoni 7, 35131 Padova, Italy; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p181; Subject Term: COMPUTER scheduling; Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: CONSTRAINT programming (Computer science); Subject Term: MACHINE theory; Subject Term: APPROPRIATE technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: learning constraints; Author-Supplied Keyword: preferences; Author-Supplied Keyword: scheduling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temporal constraints; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan M.
AU  - Khorrami, Medhi R.
T1  - Effect of Three-Dimensional Shear-Layer Structures on Slat Cove Unsteadiness.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2174
EP  - 2186
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Numerical simulations are used to investigate the local and global dynamics of large-scale, three-dimensional vorticity structures within the free shear layer originating from the slat cusp of a multielement airfoil configuration. Results indicate that accounting for the local three-dimensionality of flow fluctuations leads to substantially improved agreement between the computed unsteady near-field solution and wind tunnel measurements based on particle image velocimetry. Analysis of simulation data indicates the potential significance of high intensity turbulent fluctuations near the reattachment location along the slat lower surface toward the generation of broadband slat noise. The computed acoustic characteristics, in terms of the frequency spectrum and spatial distribution within short distances from the slat, resemble the previously reported, subscale measurements of slat noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 27016537; Choudhari, Meelan M. 1 Khorrami, Medhi R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p2174; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.24812
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martinez, Oscar A.
AU  - Sankar, Bhavani V.
AU  - Haftka, Raphael T.
AU  - Bapanapalli, Satish K.
AU  - Blosser, Max L.
T1  - Micromechanical Analysis of Composite Corrugated-Core Sandwich Panels for Integral Thermal Protection Systems.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2323
EP  - 2336
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A composite corrugated-core sandwich panel was investigated as a potential candidate for an integral thermal protection system. This multifunctional integral thermal protection system concept can protect the space vehicle from extreme reentry temperatures, and possess load-carrying capabilities. The corrugated core is composed of two, thin, flat sheets that are separated by two inclined plates. Advantages of this new integral thermal protection system concept are discussed. The sandwich structure is idealized as an equivalent orthotropic thick-plate continuum. The extensional stiffness matrix [A], coupling stiffness matrix [B], bending stiffness [D], and the transverse shear stiffness terms A44 and A55 were calculated using an energy approach. Using the shear-deformable plate theory, a closed-form solution of the plate response was derived. The variation of plate stiffness and maximum plate deflection due to changing the web angle are discussed. The calculated results, which require significantly less computational effort and time, agree well with the three-dimensional finite element analysis. This study indicates that panels with rectangular webs resulted in a weak extensional, bending, and Ass stiffness and that the center plate deflection was minimum for a triangular corrugated core. The micromechanical analysis procedures developed in this study were used to determine the stresses in each component of the sandwich panel (face and web) due to a uniform pressure load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - CONTINUUM (Mathematics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 27016551; Martinez, Oscar A. 1 Sankar, Bhavani V. 1,2 Haftka, Raphael T. 1,3 Bapanapalli, Satish K. 1 Blosser, Max L. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611  2: AIAA Associate Fellow  3: AIAA Fellow  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p2323; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: CONTINUUM (Mathematics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 14 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26779
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wray, A. A.
AU  - Ripoll, J.-F.
AU  - Prabhu, D.
T1  - Computation of Radiation in the Apollo AS-501 Reentry Using Opacity Distribution Functions.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2359
EP  - 2363
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This article discusses findings of a study, which compared the multigroup and multibin methods for the Apollo AS-501 reentry. The study also demonstrated reentry radiation problem with high accuracy for a very low number of bins. The simple arithmetic and the Rosseland means are two obvious possibilities, and these two means were experimented using artificially generated source and opacity functions, and for the unweighted mean opacity, using the Apollo data as well. For this study, the AS-501 flight was chosen because of its flight trajectory.
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - MATERIALS handling
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 27016556; Wray, A. A. 1 Ripoll, J.-F. 2 Prabhu, D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544  3: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p2359; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: MATERIALS handling; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.28520
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stern, J.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Gu, B.
AU  - Newman, J.
T1  - Distribution and turnover of carbon in natural and constructed wetlands in the Florida Everglades
JO  - Applied Geochemistry
JF  - Applied Geochemistry
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 22
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1936
EP  - 1948
SN  - 08832927
AB  - Abstract: Stable and radiocarbon isotopic contents of dissolved organic C (DOC), dissolved inorganic C (DIC), particulate organic C (POC) and plants were used to examine the source and turnover rate of C in natural and constructed wetlands in the Florida Everglades. DOC concentrations decreased, with P concentrations, along a water quality gradient from the agriculturally impacted areas in the northern Everglades to the more pristine Everglades National Park. δ13C values of DOC in the area reflect contributions of both wetland vegetation and sugarcane from agriculture. Radiocarbon ages of DOC, POC and DIC in the Everglades ranged from 2.01ka BP to “>modern”. The old 14C ages of DOC and POC were found in impacted areas near the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in the northern Everglades. In contrast, DOC and POC in pristine marsh areas had near modern or “>modern”14C ages. These data indicate that a major source of POC and DOC in impacted areas is the degradation of historic peat deposits in the EAA. In the pristine areas of the marsh, DOC represents a mix of modern and historic C sources, whereas POC comes from modern primary production as indicated by positive Δ14C values, suggesting that DOC is transported farther away from its source than POC. High Δ14C values of DIC indicate that dissolution of limestone bedrock is not a significant source of DIC in the Everglades wetlands. As a restored wetland moves towards its “original” or “natural” state, the 14C signatures of DOC should approach that of modern atmosphere. In addition, measurements of concentration and C isotopic composition of DOC in two small constructed wetlands (i.e., test cells) indicate that these freshwater wetland systems contain a labile DOC pool with rapid turnover times of 26–39days and that the test cells are overall net sinks of DOC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - WETLANDS
KW  - EVERGLADES (Fla.)
KW  - FLORIDA
N1  - Accession Number: 26335530; Stern, J. 1,2 Wang, Y. 1; Email Address: ywang@magnet.fsu.edu Gu, B. 3 Newman, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Florida State University and National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4100, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Everglades Division, South Florida Water Management District, West Palm Beach, FL 33406, United States; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 22 Issue 9, p1936; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: WETLANDS; Subject Term: EVERGLADES (Fla.); Subject Term: FLORIDA; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.04.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shikaze, Y.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Hams, T.
AU  - Kim, K.C.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, S.
AU  - Ormes, J.F.
AU  - Sanuki, T.
AU  - Sasaki, M.
AU  - Seo, E.S.
AU  - Streitmatter, R.E.
AU  - Suzuki, J.
AU  - Tanaka, K.
T1  - Measurements of 0.2–20GeV/n cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra from 1997 through 2002 with the BESS spectrometer
JO  - Astroparticle Physics
JF  - Astroparticle Physics
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 167
SN  - 09276505
AB  - Abstract: We measured low energy cosmic-ray proton and helium spectra in the kinetic energy range 0.215–21.5GeV/n at different solar activities during a period from 1997 to 2002. The observations were carried out with the BESS spectrometer launched on a balloon at Lynn Lake, Canada. A calculation for the correction of secondary particle backgrounds from the overlying atmosphere was improved by using the measured spectra at small atmospheric depths ranging from 5 through 37g/cm2. The uncertainties including statistical and systematic errors of the obtained spectra at the top of atmosphere are 5–7% for protons and 6–9% for helium nuclei in the energy range 0.5–5GeV/n. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - PHYSICS instruments
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - Atmospheric proton
KW  - Cosmic-ray helium
KW  - Cosmic-ray proton
KW  - Solar modulation
KW  - Superconducting spectrometer
N1  - Accession Number: 26487931; Shikaze, Y. 1 Haino, S. 2; Email Address: haino@post.kek.jp Abe, K. 1 Fuke, H. 3 Hams, T. 4 Kim, K.C. 5 Makida, Y. 2 Matsuda, S. 2 Mitchell, J.W. 4 Moiseev, A.A. 4 Nishimura, J. 6 Nozaki, M. 2 Orito, S. 6 Ormes, J.F. 4 Sanuki, T. 6 Sasaki, M. 4 Seo, E.S. 5 Streitmatter, R.E. 4 Suzuki, J. 2 Tanaka, K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  2: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  3: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  6: The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p154; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: PHYSICS instruments; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric proton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray helium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray proton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconducting spectrometer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2007.05.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brosten, Tyler R.
AU  - Park, Jong M.
AU  - Evans, Allan T.
AU  - Rasmussen, Kristian
AU  - Nellis, Gregory F.
AU  - Klein, Sanford A.
AU  - Feller, Jeffery R.
AU  - Salerno, Louis
AU  - Gianchandani, Yogesh B.
T1  - A numerical flow model and experimental results of a cryogenic micro-valve for distributed cooling applications
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 47
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 509
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes a steady numerical flow model and experimental gas flow results of a self-encapsulated, piezoelectrically actuated, cryogenic micro-valve for distributed cooling applications. Experimental flow data of the prototype micro-valve design is obtained for various gases at room temperature and for helium at near liquid nitrogen temperature. With a pressure differential of 100kPa across the inlet and outlet, a prototype micro-valve is shown to modulate the flow of room temperature helium from 1200 to 0sccm. Numerical flow results and experimental data agree well, with 60% of the data points falling within the range of ±10%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - RADIOACTIVITY
KW  - NITROGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 27051722; Brosten, Tyler R. 1 Park, Jong M. 2 Evans, Allan T. 2 Rasmussen, Kristian 1 Nellis, Gregory F. 1; Email Address: gfnellis@engr.wise.edu Klein, Sanford A. 1 Feller, Jeffery R. 3 Salerno, Louis 3 Gianchandani, Yogesh B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States  2: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 47 Issue 9/10, p501; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVITY; Subject Term: NITROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2007.06.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - Rhodes, Kevin L.
AU  - Linda Ng Boyle
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
AU  - Yong Chen
AU  - Shuangjiang Liu
AU  - Peijin Zhuo
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Cyanobacterial ecology across environmental gradients and spatial scales in China's hot and cold deserts.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 482
SN  - 01686496
AB  - Lithic photoautotrophic communities function as principal primary producers in the world's driest deserts, yet many aspects of their ecology remain unknown. This is particularly true for Asia, where some of the Earth's oldest and driest deserts occur. Using methods derived from plant landscape ecology, we measured the abundance and spatial distribution of cyanobacterial colonization on quartz stony pavement across environmental gradients of rainfall and temperature in the isolated Taklimakan and Qaidam Basin deserts of western China. Colonization within available habitat ranged from 0.37±0.16% to 12.6±1.8%, with cold dry desert sites exhibiting the lowest abundance. Variation between sites was most strongly correlated with moisture-related variables and was independent of substrate availability. Cyanobacterial communities were spatially aggregated at multiple scales in patterns distinct from the underlying rock pattern. Site-level differences in cyanobacterial spatial pattern (e.g. mean inter-patch distance) were linked with rainfall, whereas patchiness within sites was correlated with local geology (greater colonization frequency of large rocks) and biology (dispersal during rainfall). We suggest that cyanobacterial patchiness may also in part be self-organized – that is, an outcome of soil water-biological feedbacks. We propose that landscape ecology concepts and models linking desert vegetation, biological feedbacks and ecohydrological processes are applicable to microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIAL ecology
KW  - DESERTS
KW  - LANDSCAPE ecology
KW  - CYANOBACTERIAL blooms
KW  - QUARRIES & quarrying
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - MOISTURE -- Measurement
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - ASIA
KW  - hyperarid desert
KW  - hypolithic
KW  - landscape ecology
KW  - patchiness
KW  - photoautotrophs
KW  - trigger-transfer-response-pulse framework
KW  - trigger-transferresponse-pulse framework
N1  - Accession Number: 26100409; Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 1; Email Address: kwarren-rhodes@mail.arc.nasa.gov Rhodes, Kevin L. 2 Linda Ng Boyle 3 Pointing, Stephen B. 4 Yong Chen 3 Shuangjiang Liu 5 Peijin Zhuo 5 McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: College of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resource Management, The University of Hawaii at Hilo, HI, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA  4: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China  5: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microbiology, Beijing, China; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p470; Subject Term: BACTERIAL ecology; Subject Term: DESERTS; Subject Term: LANDSCAPE ecology; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIAL blooms; Subject Term: QUARRIES & quarrying; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: MOISTURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: ASIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperarid desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypolithic; Author-Supplied Keyword: landscape ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: patchiness; Author-Supplied Keyword: photoautotrophs; Author-Supplied Keyword: trigger-transfer-response-pulse framework; Author-Supplied Keyword: trigger-transferresponse-pulse framework; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 8 Charts, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00351.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - (Bob) Behringer, R.
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
AU  - Metzger, Philip
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - Granular Matter
JF  - Granular Matter
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 294
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14345021
AB  - The article discusses granular materials in the solar system. These granular materials called regoliths help in better understanding of the earth and other planet's solar system histories. Regoliths are investigated for mineralogy, comminution, agglomeration, transport processes, and inventory of volatiles.
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - GRANULAR materials
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - CRUST
N1  - Accession Number: 26340031; (Bob) Behringer, R. 1; Email Address: bob@phy.duke.edu Wilkinson, Allen 2; Email Address: Allen.Wilkinson@grc.nasa.gov Metzger, Philip 3; Email Address: Philip.T.Metzger@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics , Duke University , Durham 27708-0305 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center , M.S. 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland 44135 USA  3: NASA/KSC Applied Physics Lab, KT-D-1, KSC , Cape Canaveral 32899 USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p293; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: CRUST; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10035-007-0048-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Barlow, Nadine G.
AU  - Anderson, Robert C.
AU  - Williams, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Miyamoto, Hirdy
AU  - Ferris, Justin C.
AU  - Strom, Robert G.
AU  - Taylor, G. Jeffrey
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Keller, John M.
AU  - Kerry, Kris
AU  - Janes, Daniel
AU  - Rodriguez, J.A.P.
AU  - Hare, Trent M.
T1  - Possible ancient giant basin and related water enrichment in the Arabia Terra province, Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 190
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 92
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: A circular albedo feature in the Arabia Terra province was first hypothesized as an ancient impact basin using Viking-era information. To test this unpublished hypothesis, we have analyzed the Viking era-information together with layers of new data derived from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Odyssey (MO) missions. Our analysis indicates that Arabia Terra is an ancient geologic province of Mars with many distinct characteristics, including predominantly Noachian materials, a unique part of the highland–lowland boundary, a prominent paleotectonic history, the largest region of fretted terrain on the planet, outflow channels with no obvious origins, extensive exposures of eroded layered sedimentary deposits, and notable structural, albedo, thermal inertia, gravity, magnetic, and elemental signatures. The province also is marked by special impact crater morphologies, which suggest a persistent volatile-rich substrate. No one characteristic provides definitive answers to the dominant event(s) that shaped this unique province. Collectively the characteristics reported here support the following hypothesized sequence of events in Arabia Terra: (1) an enormous basin, possibly of impact origin, formed early in martian history when the magnetic dynamo was active and the lithosphere was relatively thin, (2) sediments and other materials were deposited in the basin during high erosion rates while maintaining isostatic equilibrium, (3) sediments became water enriched during the Noachian Period, and (4) basin materials were uplifted in response to the growth of the Tharsis Bulge, resulting in differential erosion exposing ancient stratigraphic sequences. Parts of the ancient basin remain water-enriched to the present day. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Tectonics
N1  - Accession Number: 26246342; Dohm, James M. 1,2; Email Address: jmd@hwr.arizona.edu Barlow, Nadine G. 3 Anderson, Robert C. 4 Williams, Jean-Pierre 5 Miyamoto, Hirdy 6,7 Ferris, Justin C. 8 Strom, Robert G. 2 Taylor, G. Jeffrey 9 Fairén, Alberto G. 10,11 Baker, Victor R. 1,2 Boynton, William V. 2 Keller, John M. 2 Kerry, Kris 2 Janes, Daniel 2 Rodriguez, J.A.P. 12 Hare, Trent M. 13; Affiliation:  1: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  8: National Weather Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Palmer, AK 99645, USA  9: Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  10: Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanoc, Madrid, Spain  11: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Ft. Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  13: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 190 Issue 1, p74; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tectonics; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Hui
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - CHF model for subcooled flow boiling in Earth gravity and microgravity
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 50
IS  - 19/20
M3  - Article
SP  - 4039
EP  - 4051
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: This study is the first attempt at extending the Interfacial Lift-off CHF Model to subcooled flow boiling conditions. A new CHF database was generated for FC-72 from ground tests as well as from microgravity tests that were performed in parabolic flight trajectory. These tests also included high-speed video imaging and analysis of the liquid–vapor interface during the CHF transient. Both the CHF data and the video records played a vital role in constructing and validating the extended CHF model. The fundamental difference between the original Interfacial Lift-off Model, which was developed for saturated flow boiling, and the newly extended model is the partitioning of wall energy between sensible and latent heat for subcooled flow boiling. This partitioning is modeled with the aid of a new “heat utility ratio”. Using this ratio, the extended Interfacial Lift-off Model is shown to effectively predict both saturated and subcooled flow boiling CHF in Earth gravity and in microgravity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 25107198; Zhang, Hui 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 50 Issue 19/20, p4039; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.01.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chunill Hah
AU  - Yu-Tai Lee
T1  - Unsteady Tip Leakage Vortex Phenomena in a Ducted Propeller.
JO  - International Journal of Transport Phenomena
JF  - International Journal of Transport Phenomena
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 176
SN  - 10286578
AB  - A detailed numerical study was performed to investigate the flow field near the blade tip in a ducted propeller. The primary objective was to understand the physics of cavitation inception in a ducted propeller. Steady flow analysis does not seem to properly reproduce measured cavitation inception. The flow field near the tip section is unsteady due to interactions between the tip leakage vortex, the trailing edge vortex, and vortex shedding in the wake. To capture relevant flow physics as much as possible, a Large Eddy Simulation was applied in the current investigation. The present study reveals that periodic interaction between the trailing edge vortex and the tip leakage vortex creates stretching and deformation of the tip leakage vortex. This interaction creates a local low-pressure core in the tip leakage vortex. The core pressure in the tip leakage vortex decreases even further when it is stretched and twisted by other nearby vortices. Cavitation inception occurs at about 50% blade chord downstream of the trailing edge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Transport Phenomena is the property of Old City Publishing, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROPELLERS
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - CAVITATION
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - Propeller
KW  - tip vortex
KW  - unsteady flow
KW  - vortex shedding
N1  - Accession Number: 27505639; Chunill Hah 1; Email Address: Chunill.Hah@nasa.gov Yu-Tai Lee 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 5-11, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  2: David Taylor Model Basin, West Bethesda, MD 20817.; Source Info: 2007, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p169; Subject Term: PROPELLERS; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: CAVITATION; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propeller; Author-Supplied Keyword: tip vortex; Author-Supplied Keyword: unsteady flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: vortex shedding; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 10 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lyle, Karen H.
AU  - Stockwell, Alan E.
AU  - Hardy, Robin C.
T1  - Application of Probability Methods to Assess Airframe Crash Modeling Uncertainty.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/09//Sep/Oct2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1568
EP  - 1568
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Full-scale aircraft crash simulations performed with nonlinear, transient dynamic, finite element codes can incorporate structural complexities such as geometrically accurate models, human occupant models, and advanced material models to include nonlinear stress-strain behaviors and material failure. Validation of these crash simulations is difficult due to a lack of sufficient information to adequately determine the uncertainty in the experimental data and the appropriateness of modeling assumptions. This paper evaluates probabilistic approaches to quantify the effects of finite element modeling assumptions on the predicted responses. The application of probabilistic analysis using finite element simulations of a fuselage vertical drop is the focus of this paper. The results indicate that probabilistic methods show promise for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
N1  - Accession Number: 27300750; Lyle, Karen H. 1 Stockwell, Alan E. 2 Hardy, Robin C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Lockheed Martin Mission Services, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2007, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1568; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.27722
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duraisamy, Karthikeyan
AU  - McCroskey, William J.
AU  - Baeder, James D.
T1  - Analysis of Wind Tunnel Wall Interference Effects on Subsonic Unsteady Airfoil Flows.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/09//Sep/Oct2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1683
EP  - 1683
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In this work, the effect of wall interference on steady and oscillating airfoils in a subsonic wind tunnel is studied. A variety of approaches including linear theory, compressible inviscid and viscous computations, and experimental data are considered. Integral transform solutions of the linearized potential equations show an augmentation of the lift magnitude for steady flows when the wall is close to the airfoil surface. For oscillating airfoils, lift augmentation is accompanied by a significant change in the phase of the lift response. Idealized compressible Euler calculations are seen to corroborate the linear theory under conditions that are sufficiently away from acoustic resonance. Further, the theory compares well with compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes calculations and experimental measurements over a wide range of attached flows at subsonic Mach numbers. The present methodology can thus be used to predict wall interference effects and also to help extrapolate linear and nonlinear (dynamic stall) wind tunnel data to free-air conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFERENCE (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - LINEAR systems
KW  - INTEGRAL transforms
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 27300757; Duraisamy, Karthikeyan 1 McCroskey, William J. 2 Baeder, James D. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742  2: U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep/Oct2007, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p1683; Subject Term: INTERFERENCE (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: LINEAR systems; Subject Term: INTEGRAL transforms; Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MACH number; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.28143
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wei, Y.
AU  - Seevaratnam, G.K.
AU  - Garoff, S.
AU  - Ramé, E.
AU  - Walker, L.M.
T1  - Dynamic wetting of Boger fluids
JO  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
JF  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 313
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 280
SN  - 00219797
AB  - Abstract: The impact of fluid elasticity on the dynamic wetting of polymer solutions is important because many polymer solutions in technological use exhibit non-Newtonian behaviors in the high shear environment of the wedge-like flow near a moving contact line. Our former study [G.K. Seevaratnam, Y. Suo, E. Ramé, L.M. Walker, Phys. Fluids 19 (2007) Art. No. 012103] showed that shear thinning induced by a semi-flexible high molecular weight polymer reduces the viscous bending near a moving contact line as compared to a Newtonian fluid having the same zero-shear viscosity. This results in a dramatic reduction of the dependence of the effective dynamic contact angle on contact line speed. In this paper, we discuss dynamic wetting of Boger fluids which exhibit elasticity-dominated rheology with minimal shear thinning. These fluids are prepared by dissolving a dilute concentration of high molecular weight polymer in a “solvent” of the oligomer of the polymer. We demonstrate that elasticity in these fluids increases curvature near the contact line but that the enhancement arises mostly from the weakly non-Newtonian behavior already present in the oligomeric solvent. We present evidence of instabilities on the liquid/vapor interface near the moving contact line. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Colloid & Interface Science is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMER solutions
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - Boger fluid
KW  - Contact angle
KW  - Elastic fluid
KW  - Non-Newtonian
KW  - Polymer solution
KW  - Wetting
N1  - Accession Number: 25745924; Wei, Y. 1,2 Seevaratnam, G.K. 2,3 Garoff, S. 1,2; Email Address: sg2e@andrew.cmu.edu Ramé, E. 4 Walker, L.M. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  2: Center for Complex Fluids Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  3: Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  4: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 313 Issue 1, p274; Subject Term: POLYMER solutions; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boger fluid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic fluid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-Newtonian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer solution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wetting; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcis.2007.04.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Hollist, Brian R.
AU  - Sutton, Kenneth
T1  - Radiative Heating Methodology for the Huygens Probe.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2007/09//Sep/Oct2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 993
EP  - 1002
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The radiative heating environment for the Huygens probe near peak heating conditions for Titan entry is investigated in this paper. The task of calculating the radiation-coupled flowfield, accounting for non-Boltzmann and non-optically thin radiation, is simplified to a rapid yet accurate calculation. This is achieved by using the viscousshock-layer technique for the stagnation-line flowfield calculation and a modified smeared-rotational band model for the radiation calculation. These two methods provide a computationally efficient alternative to a Navier-Stokes flowfield and line-by-line radiation calculation. The results of the viscous-shock-layer technique are shown to provide an excellent comparison with the Navier-Stokes results of previous studies. It is shown that a conventional smeared-rotational band approach is inadequate for the partially optically thick conditions present in the Huygens shock layer around the peak heating trajectory points. A simple modification is proposed to the smeared-rotational band model that improves its accuracy in these partially optically thick conditions. This modified approach, referred to as the smeared-rotational band corrected, is compared throughout this study with a detailed line-by-line calculation and is shown to compare within 5 % in all cases. The smeared-rotational band corrected method requires many orders-of-magnitude less computational time than the line-by-line method, which makes it ideal for coupling to the flowfield. The application of a collisional-radiative model for determining the population of the CN electronic states, which govern the radiation for Huygens entry, is discussed and applied. The nonlocal absorption term in the collisionalradiative model is formulated in terms of an escape factor, which is then curve-fit with temperature. Although the curve fit is an approximation, it is shown to compare well with the exact escape factor calculation, which requires a computationally intensive iteration procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HEATING
KW  - HUYGENS' principle
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VISCOUS flow
N1  - Accession Number: 27400145; Johnston, Christopher O. 1 Hollist, Brian R. 2 Sutton, Kenneth 3; Affiliation:  1: Member AIAA, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member A1AA, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Associate Fellow AIAA, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 24060; Source Info: Sep/Oct2007, Vol. 44 Issue 5, p993; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: HUYGENS' principle; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26424
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abercromby, Andrew F. J.
AU  - Amonette, William E.
AU  - Layne, Charles S.
AU  - Mcfarlin, Brian K.
AU  - Hinman, Martha R.
AU  - Paloski, William H.
T1  - Variation in Neuromuscular Responses during Acute Whole-Body Vibration Exercise.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 39
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1642
EP  - 1650
SN  - 01959131
AB  - The article reflects on the variation in neuromuscular responses during acute whole-body vibration exercise (WBV). The section aims to quantify the effects of postural variation and vibration direction on neuromuscular response to WBV after removing electromyography artifacts by digital filtering. It states that the changes in muscle length voluntarily induced during dynamic squatting would alter intrafusal fiber tension and Ia sensitivity such that responses to WBV would be greater in magnitude during eccentric contractions than during isometric and concentric contractions.
KW  - ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
KW  - ELECTRODIAGNOSIS
KW  - POSTURE
KW  - HUMAN body
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - REFLEXES
KW  - MUSCLES
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system
KW  - ECCENTRICS & eccentricities
KW  - DAMPING
KW  - REFLEX
KW  - STRENGTH
N1  - Accession Number: 26613591; Abercromby, Andrew F. J. 1; Email Address: andrew.abercromby-1@nasa.gov Amonette, William E. 2 Layne, Charles S. 3 Mcfarlin, Brian K. 3 Hinman, Martha R. 4 Paloski, William H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Laboratories, Inc., Houston, TX  2: Human Performance Laboratory, University of Houston, Clear Lake, TX  3: Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, TX  4: Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX  5: Human Adaptations and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p1642; Subject Term: ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ELECTRODIAGNOSIS; Subject Term: POSTURE; Subject Term: HUMAN body; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: REFLEXES; Subject Term: MUSCLES; Subject Term: MUSCULOSKELETAL system; Subject Term: ECCENTRICS & eccentricities; Author-Supplied Keyword: DAMPING; Author-Supplied Keyword: REFLEX; Author-Supplied Keyword: STRENGTH; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1249/mss.0b013e318093f551
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hickel, S.
AU  - Adams, N. A.
AU  - Mansour, N. N.
T1  - Implicit subgrid-scale modeling for large-eddy simulation of passive-scalar mixing.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 095102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Further development of large-eddy simulation (LES) faces as major obstacles the strong coupling between subgrid-scale (SGS) modeling and the truncation error of the numerical discretization. One can exploit this link by developing discretization methods where the truncation error itself functions as an implicit SGS model. The name “implicit LES” is used for approaches that merge the SGS model and numerical discretization. In this paper, the implicit SGS modeling environment provided by the adaptive local deconvolution method is extended to LES of passive-scalar mixing. The resulting adaptive advection algorithm is discussed with respect to its numerical and turbulence-theoretical background. We demonstrate that the new method allows for reliable predictions of the turbulent transport of passive scalars in isotropic turbulence and in turbulent channel flow for a wide range of Schmidt numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - PHYSICS research
N1  - Accession Number: 26911270; Hickel, S. 1; Email Address: sh@tum.de Adams, N. A. 1 Mansour, N. N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Aerodynamics, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p095102; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: PHYSICS research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2770522
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malik, M. R.
AU  - Balakumar, P.
T1  - Acoustic receptivity of Mach 4.5 boundary layer with leading-edge bluntness.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2007/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 342
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - Boundary layer receptivity to two-dimensional slow and fast acoustic waves is investigated by solving Navier–Stokes equations for Mach 4.5 flow over a flat plate with a finite-thickness leading edge. Higher order spatial and temporal schemes are employed to obtain the solution whereby the flat-plate leading edge region is resolved by providing a sufficiently refined grid. The results show that the instability waves are generated in the leading edge region and that the boundary-layer is much more receptive to slow acoustic waves (by almost a factor of 20) as compared to the fast waves. Hence, this leading-edge receptivity mechanism is expected to be more relevant in the transition process for high Mach number flows where second mode instability is dominant. Computations are performed to investigate the effect of leading-edge thickness and it is found that bluntness tends to stabilize the boundary layer. Furthermore, the relative significance of fast acoustic waves is enhanced in the presence of bluntness. The effect of acoustic wave incidence angle is also studied and it is found that the receptivity of the boundary layer on the ‘windward’ side (with respect to the acoustic forcing) decreases by more than a factor of four when the incidence angle is increased from 0° to 45°. However, the receptivity coefficient for the ‘leeward’ side is found to vary relatively weakly with the incidence angle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - ACOUSTIC phonetics
KW  - SONIC coagulation
KW  - ACOUSTIC models
KW  - 47.20Ib
KW  - Bluntness
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - Hypersonic
KW  - Receptivity
KW  - Stability
KW  - Transition
N1  - Accession Number: 26054001; Malik, M. R. 1; Email Address: mujeeb.r.malik@nasa.gov Balakumar, P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 21 Issue 5, p323; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC phonetics; Subject Term: SONIC coagulation; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC models; Author-Supplied Keyword: 47.20Ib; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bluntness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersonic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Receptivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transition; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-007-0050-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evans, Damian
AU  - Pottier, Christophe
AU  - Fletcher, Roland
AU  - Hensley, Scott
AU  - Tapley, Ian
AU  - Milne, Anthony
AU  - Barbetti, Michael
T1  - A comprehensive archaeological map of the world's largest preindustrial settlement complex at Angkor, Cambodia.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/09/04/
VL  - 104
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 14277
EP  - 14282
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The great medieval settlement of Angkor in Cambodia [9th-16th centuries Common Era (CE)] has for many years been understood as a ‘hydraulic city,’ an urban complex defined, sustained, and ultimately overwhelmed by a complex water management network. Since the 1980s that view has been disputed, but the debate has remained unresolved because of insufficient data on the landscape beyond the great temples: the broader context of the monumental remains was only partially understood and had not been adequately mapped. Since the 1990s, French, Australian, and Cambodian teams have sought to address this empirical deficit through archaeological mapping projects by using traditional methods such as ground survey in conjunction with advanced radar remote-sensing applications in partnership with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Here we present a major outcome of that research: a comprehensive archaeological map of greater Angkor, covering nearly 3,000 km2, prepared by the Greater Angkor Project (GAP). The map reveals a vast, low-density settlement landscape integrated by an elaborate water management network covering > 1,000 km2, the most extensive urban complex of the preindustrial world. It is now clear that anthropogenic changes to the landscape were both extensive and substantial enough to have created grave challenges to the long-term viability of the settlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HISTORICAL geography -- Maps
KW  - EXTINCT cities
KW  - ARCHAEOLOGICAL surveying
KW  - RELIGIOUS institutions
KW  - CHURCH architecture
KW  - HUMAN settlements
KW  - ANGKOR (Extinct city)
KW  - CAMBODIA
KW  - archaeology
KW  - geographic information systems
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Southeast Asia
KW  - urbanism
N1  - Accession Number: 26631085; Evans, Damian 1; Email Address: evans@acl.arts.usyd.edu.au Pottier, Christophe 2 Fletcher, Roland 3 Hensley, Scott 4 Tapley, Ian 5 Milne, Anthony 6 Barbetti, Michael 7; Affiliation:  1: Archaeological Computing Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia  2: Ecole Française d'Extrême-Orient, Siem Reap, Cambodia  3: Department of Archaeology, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109  5: Horizon Geoscience Consulting, Perth WA 6020, Australia  6: School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia  7: School of Physical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane OLD 4072, Australia; Source Info: 9/4/2007, Vol. 104 Issue 36, p14277; Subject Term: HISTORICAL geography -- Maps; Subject Term: EXTINCT cities; Subject Term: ARCHAEOLOGICAL surveying; Subject Term: RELIGIOUS institutions; Subject Term: CHURCH architecture; Subject Term: HUMAN settlements; Subject Term: ANGKOR (Extinct city); Subject Term: CAMBODIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: archaeology; Author-Supplied Keyword: geographic information systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Southeast Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: urbanism; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813110 Religious Organizations; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0702525104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Yifat
AU  - Chaban, Galina M.
AU  - Zhou, Jia
AU  - Asmis, Knut R.
AU  - Neumark, Daniel M.
AU  - Benny Gerber, R.
T1  - Vibrational spectroscopy of (SO42-)·(H2O)n clusters, n=1–5: Harmonic and anharmonic calculations and experiment.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2007/09/07/
VL  - 127
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 094305
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The vibrational spectroscopy of (SO42-)·(H2O)n is studied by theoretical calculations for n=1–5, and the results are compared with experiments for n=3–5. The calculations use both ab initio MP2 and DFT/B3LYP potential energy surfaces. Both harmonic and anharmonic calculations are reported, the latter with the CC-VSCF method. The main findings are the following: (1) With one exception (H2O bending mode), the anharmonicity of the observed transitions, all in the experimental window of 540–1850 cm-1, is negligible. The computed anharmonic coupling suggests that intramolecular vibrational redistribution does not play any role for the observed linewidths. (2) Comparison with experiment at the harmonic level of computed fundamental frequencies indicates that MP2 is significantly more accurate than DFT/B3LYP for these systems. (3) Strong anharmonic effects are, however, calculated for numerous transitions of these systems, which are outside the present observation window. These include fundamentals as well as combination modes. (4) Combination modes for the n=1 and n=2 clusters are computed. Several relatively strong combination transitions are predicted. These show strong anharmonic effects. (5) An interesting effect of the zero point energy (ZPE) on structure is found for (SO42-)·(H2O)5: The global minimum of the potential energy corresponds to a Cs structure, but with incorporation of ZPE the lowest energy structure is C2v, in accordance with experiment. (6) No stable structures were found for (OH-)·(HSO4-)·(H2O)n, for n≤=5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - MOLECULAR spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 26554954; Miller, Yifat 1,2 Chaban, Galina M. 3 Zhou, Jia 4,5 Asmis, Knut R. 6 Neumark, Daniel M. 4,5 Benny Gerber, R. 1,2,7; Email Address: benny@fh.huji.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physical Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel  2: Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720  5: Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California  6: Institut für Experimentalphysik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, D-14195 Berlin, Germany and Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany  7: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697; Source Info: 9/7/2007, Vol. 127 Issue 9, p094305; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 12 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2764074
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Yiquan
AU  - Carnell, Lisa A.
AU  - Clark, Robert L.
T1  - Control of electrospun mat width through the use of parallel auxiliary electrodes
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2007/09/10/
VL  - 48
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5653
EP  - 5661
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Electrospinning offers a versatile way to produce one-dimensional micrometer or nanometer materials; however, electrospun fibers are typically collected in a random orientation limiting their applications. In the present study, we have expanded upon a technique used to align fibers for control of the fiber distribution during the spinning process through the use of auxiliary counter electrodes. The electrostatic force imposed by the auxiliary electrodes provides a converged electric field, which affords control over the distribution of the fibers on the rotating collector surface. Experimental results demonstrate that the width of electrospun mats can be decreased dramatically when parallel auxiliary electrodes are employed at the collector. There was no apparent difference in the average diameters of the electrospun fibers as a result of the additional auxiliary electrodes, but the fiber distribution density in terms of mat width was greatly improved. Thus, the use of auxiliary counter electrodes at the rotating collectors provides a viable method of converging and controlling the deposition of electrospun fibers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - Aligned fiber
KW  - Electrospinning
KW  - Poly(ɛ-caprolactone)
N1  - Accession Number: 26489464; Wu, Yiquan 1,2 Carnell, Lisa A. 1,2,3 Clark, Robert L. 1,2; Email Address: rclark@duke.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Biologically Inspired Materials and Material Systems, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA  2: Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 48 Issue 19, p5653; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aligned fiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrospinning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poly(ɛ-caprolactone); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan
T1  - Extrasolar planets: The one that got away.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2007/09/13/
VL  - 449
IS  - 7159
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 147
EP  - 148
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The author reflects on a research regarding a massive extrasolar planet orbiting an old star in a late stage of the star's evolution. He mentions that the researchers have reported that the clincher for the planetary hypothesis is two distinct pulsation modes, each with frequencies around 350 seconds that vary in phase on the same 3.2-year timescale. Meanwhile, he states that the discovery of the star-planet system represents an opportunity to understand both the star and the planet better.
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - GIANT stars
KW  - STARS with planets
N1  - Accession Number: 26547618; Fortney, Jonathan 1; Email Address: jfortney@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/13/2007, Vol. 449 Issue 7159, p147; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Subject Term: GIANT stars; Subject Term: STARS with planets; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1038/449147a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Feihua
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Zhu, A-Xing
AU  - Huete, Alfredo
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Developing a continental-scale measure of gross primary production by combining MODIS and AmeriFlux data through Support Vector Machine approach
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2007/09/14/
VL  - 110
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 109
EP  - 122
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Remote sensing is a potentially powerful technology with which to extrapolate eddy covariance-based gross primary production (GPP) to continental scales. In support of this concept, we used meteorological and flux data from the AmeriFlux network and Support Vector Machine (SVM), an inductive machine learning technique, to develop and apply a predictive GPP model for the conterminous U.S. In the following four-step process, we first trained the SVM to predict flux-based GPP from 33 AmeriFlux sites between 2000 and 2003 using three remotely-sensed variables (land surface temperature, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and land cover) and one ground-measured variable (incident shortwave radiation). Second, we evaluated model performance by predicting GPP for 24 available AmeriFlux sites in 2004. In this independent evaluation, the SVM predicted GPP with a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.87 gC/m2/day and an R 2 of 0.71. Based on annual total GPP at 15 AmeriFlux sites for which the number of 8-day averages in 2004 was no less than 67% (30 out of a possible 45), annual SVM GPP prediction error was 32.1% for non-forest ecosystems and 22.2% for forest ecosystems, while the standard Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer GPP product (MOD17) had an error of 50.3% for non-forest ecosystems and 21.5% for forest ecosystems, suggesting that the regionally tuned SVM performed better than the standard global MOD17 GPP for non-forest ecosystems but had similar performance for forest ecosystems. The most important explanatory factor for GPP prediction was EVI, removal of which increased GPP RMSE by 0.85 gC/m2/day in a cross-validation experiment. Third, using the SVM driven by remote sensing data including incident shortwave radiation, we predicted 2004 conterminous U.S. GPP and found that results were consistent with expected spatial and temporal patterns. Finally, as an illustration of SVM GPP for ecological applications, we estimated maximum light use efficiency (e max), one of the most important factors for standard light use efficiency models, for the conterminous U.S. by integrating the 2004 SVM GPP with the MOD17 GPP algorithm. We found that e max varied from ∼0.86 gC/MJ in grasslands to ∼1.56 gC/MJ in deciduous forests, while MOD17 e max was 0.68 gC/MJ for grasslands and 1.16 gC/MJ for deciduous forests, suggesting that refinements of MOD17 e max may be beneficial. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DETECTORS -- Evaluation
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AmeriFlux
KW  - Gross primary production
KW  - Light use efficiency
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - Support Vector Machines
N1  - Accession Number: 25827542; Yang, Feihua 1,2; Email Address: feihuayang@wisc.edu Ichii, Kazuhito 2,3 White, Michael A. 4 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2,5 Michaelis, Andrew R. 2,5 Votava, Petr 2,5 Zhu, A-Xing 1,6 Huete, Alfredo 7 Running, Steven W. 8 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  3: San Jose State University, USA  4: Utah State University, USA  5: California State University, Monterey Bay, USA  6: State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China  7: University of Arizona, Tucson, USA  8: University of Montana, Missoula, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 110 Issue 1, p109; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DETECTORS -- Evaluation; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AmeriFlux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light use efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Support Vector Machines; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morales-Cruz, Angel L.
AU  - Fachini, Estevão R.
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
AU  - Cabrera, Carlos R.
T1  - Surface analysis monitoring of polyelectrolyte deposition on Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2007/09/15/
VL  - 253
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 8846
EP  - 8857
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Thin films are currently gaining interest in many areas such as integrated optics, sensors, friction, reducing coatings, surface orientation layers, and general industrial applications. Recently, molecular self-assembling techniques have been applied for thin film deposition of electrically conducting polymers, conjugated polymers for light-emitting devices, nanoparticles, and noncentrosymmetric-ordered second order nonlinear optical (NOL) devices. Polyelectrolytes self-assemblies have been used to prepare thin films. The alternate immersion of a charged surface in polyannion and a polycation solution leads usually to the formation of films known as polyelectrolyte multilayers. These polyanion and polycation structures are not neutral. However, charge compensation appears on the surface. This constitutes the building driving force of the polyelectrolyte multilayer films. The present approach consists of two parts: (a) the chemisorption of 11-mercaptoundecylamine (MUA) to construct a self-assembled monolayer with the consequent protonation of the amine, and (b) the deposition of opposite charged polyelectrolytes in a sandwich fashion. The approach has the advantage that ionic attraction between opposite charges is the driving force for the multilayer buildup. For our purposes, the multilayer of polyelectrolytes depends on the quality of the surface needed for the application. In many cases, this approach will be used in a way that the roughness factor defects will be diminished. The polyelectrolytes selected for the study were: polystyrene sulfonate sodium salt (PSS), poly vinylsulfate potassium salt (PVS), and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), as shown in . The deposition of polyelectrolytes was carried out by a dipping procedure with the corresponding polyelectrolyte. Monitoring of the alternate deposition of polyelectrolyte bilayers was done by surface analysis techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), specular reflectance infrared (IR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surface analysis results are presented through the adsorption steps of the polyelectrolytes layer by layer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOLOGICAL interfaces
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - BIOPHYSICS
KW  - BSTO
KW  - Polyallylamine hydrochloride
KW  - Polyelectrolytes
KW  - Polystyrene sulfonate sodium
KW  - Polyvinylsulfate potassium
KW  - Self-assemblies
KW  - XPS
N1  - Accession Number: 26247867; Morales-Cruz, Angel L. 1 Fachini, Estevão R. 1 Miranda, Félix A. 2 Cabrera, Carlos R. 1; Email Address: ccabrera@uprrp.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscale Materials, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3346, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 253 Issue 22, p8846; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL interfaces; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: BIOPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: BSTO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyallylamine hydrochloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyelectrolytes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polystyrene sulfonate sodium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyvinylsulfate potassium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-assemblies; Author-Supplied Keyword: XPS; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.04.071
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jegley, Dawn C.
T1  - Improving strength of postbuckled panels through stitching
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2007/09/15/
VL  - 80
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 306
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: The behavior of blade-stiffened graphite–epoxy panels with impact damage is examined to determine the effect of adding through-the-thickness stitches in the stiffener flange-to-skin interface. The influence of stitches is evaluated by examining buckling and failure for panels with failure loads up to 3.5 times greater than buckling loads. Analytical and experimental results from four configurations of panel specimens are presented. For each configuration, two panels were manufactured with skin and flanges held together with through-the-thickness stitches introduced prior to resin infusion and curing and one panel was manufactured with no stitches holding the flange to the skin. No mechanical fasteners were used for the assembly of any of these panels. Panels with and without low-speed impact damage were loaded to failure in compression. Buckling and failure modes are discussed. Stitching had little effect on buckling loads but increased the failure loads of impact-damaged panels by up to 30%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - CURING
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Composite
KW  - Debond
KW  - Graphite-epoxy
KW  - Postbuckling
KW  - Stitching
N1  - Accession Number: 24313116; Jegley, Dawn C. 1; Email Address: dawn.c.jegley@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 190, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 80 Issue 2, p298; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: CURING; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Debond; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphite-epoxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Postbuckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stitching; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2006.05.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Coheur, P.F.
AU  - Herbin, H.
AU  - Clerbaux, C.
AU  - Boone, C.
AU  - Bernath, P.
AU  - Chiou, L.S.
T1  - Detection of elevated tropospheric hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) mixing ratios in atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) subtropical infrared solar occultation spectra
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2007/09/15/
VL  - 107
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 340
EP  - 348
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: We report measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) profiles from infrared solar occultation spectra recorded at 0.02cm−1 resolution by the atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) during 2004 and 2005. Mixing ratios as high as 1.7ppbv (1ppbv=1×10−9 per unit volume) were measured in the subtropical troposphere. Back trajectories, fire count statistics, and simultaneous measurements of other species from the same occultation provide evidence that the elevated H2O2 mixing ratios originated from a young biomass-burning plume. The ACE time series show only a few cases with elevated H2O2 mixing ratios likely because of the short lifetime of H2O2 and the limited sampling during biomass-burning time periods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - HYDROGEN peroxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 25944652; Rinsland, C.P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Coheur, P.F. 2; Email Address: pfcoheur@ulb.ac.be Herbin, H. 2; Email Address: hherbin@ulb.ac.be Clerbaux, C. 3; Email Address: cathy.clerbaux@aero.jussieu.fr Boone, C. 4; Email Address: cboone@acebox.uwaterloo.ca Bernath, P. 4,5; Email Address: pfb500@york.ac.uk Chiou, L.S. 6; Email Address: l.s.chiou@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 2199, USA  2: Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique CP 160/09, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B 1050 Brussels, Belgium  3: Service d’Aéronomie/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, France  4: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ont., Canada N2L 3G1  5: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK  6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666 USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 107 Issue 2, p340; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: HYDROGEN peroxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.02.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhaohua Wu
AU  - Huang, Norden E.
AU  - Long, Steven R.
AU  - Chung-Kang Peng
T1  - On the trend, detrending, and variability of nonlinear and nonstationary time series.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/09/18/
VL  - 104
IS  - 38
M3  - Article
SP  - 14889
EP  - 14894
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Determining trend and implementing detrending operations are important steps in data analysis. Yet there is no precise definition of "trend" nor any logical algorithm for extracting it. As a result, various ad hoc extrinsic methods have been used to determine trend and to facilitate a detrending operation. In this article, a simple and logical definition of trend is given for any nonlinear and nonstationary time series as an intrinsically determined monotonic function within a certain temporal span (most often that of the data span), or a function in which there can be at most one extremum within that temporal span. Being intrinsic, the method to derive the trend has to be adaptive. This definition of trend also presumes the existence of a natural time scale. All these requirements suggest the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) method as the logical choice of algorithm for extracting various trends from a data set. Once the trend is determined, the corresponding detrending operation can be implemented. With this definition of trend, the variability of the data on various time scales also can be derived naturally. Climate data are used to illustrate the determination of the intrinsic trend and natural variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MONOTONIC functions
KW  - REAL variables
KW  - HILBERT-Huang transform
KW  - TREND analysis
KW  - Empirical Mode Decomposition
KW  - global warming
KW  - intrinsic mode function intrinsic trend
KW  - trend time scale
N1  - Accession Number: 26845530; Zhaohua Wu 1; Email Address: zhwu@cola.iges.org Huang, Norden E. 2 Long, Steven R. 3 Chung-Kang Peng 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Road, Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705  2: Research Center for Adaptive Data Analysis, National Central University, Chungli 32054, Taiwan, Republic of China  3: Ocean Sciences Branch, Code 614.2, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA 23337  4: Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215; Source Info: 9/18/2007, Vol. 104 Issue 38, p14889; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MONOTONIC functions; Subject Term: REAL variables; Subject Term: HILBERT-Huang transform; Subject Term: TREND analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Empirical Mode Decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: intrinsic mode function intrinsic trend; Author-Supplied Keyword: trend time scale; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0701020104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hains, J.C.
AU  - Chen, L.-W.A.
AU  - Taubman, B.F.
AU  - Doddridge, B.G.
AU  - Dickerson, R.R.
T1  - A side-by-side comparison of filter-based PM2.5 measurements at a suburban site: A closure study
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/09/21/
VL  - 41
IS  - 29
M3  - Article
SP  - 6167
EP  - 6184
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Assessing the effects of air quality on public health and the environment requires reliable measurement of PM2.5 mass and its chemical components. This study seeks to evaluate PM2.5 measurements that are part of a newly established national network by comparing them with more versatile sampling systems. Experiments were carried out during 2002 at a suburban site in Maryland, United States, where two samplers from the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Speciation Trends Network: Met One Speciation Air Sampling System—STNS and Thermo Scientific Reference Ambient Air Sampler—STNR, two Desert Research Institute Sequential Filter Samplers—DRIF, and a continuous TEOM monitor (Thermo Scientific Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance, 1400a) sampled air in parallel. These monitors differ not only in sampling configuration but also in protocol-specific laboratory analysis procedures. Measurements of PM2.5 mass and major contributing species (i.e., sulfate, ammonium, organic carbon, and total carbon) were well correlated among the different methods with r-values >0.8. Despite the good correlations, daily concentrations of PM2.5 mass and major contributing species were significantly different at the 95% confidence level from 5% to 100% of the time. Larger values of PM2.5 mass and individual species were generally reported from STNR and STNS. These differences can only be partially accounted for by known random errors. Variations in flow design, face velocity, and sampling artifacts possibly influenced the measurement of PM2.5 speciation and mass closure. Statistical tests indicate that the current uncertainty estimates used in the STN and DRI network may underestimate the actual uncertainty. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR quality -- Research
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL protection -- Research
KW  - PUBLIC health research
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - Aerosol sampling
KW  - Chemical speciation
KW  - Comparison study
KW  - Filter sampling
KW  - PM2.5
KW  - UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 26341857; Hains, J.C. 1; Email Address: jhains@atmos.umd.edu Chen, L.-W.A. 2 Taubman, B.F. 3 Doddridge, B.G. 4,5 Dickerson, R.R. 1,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA  3: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 41 Issue 29, p6167; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Research; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL protection -- Research; Subject Term: PUBLIC health research; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical speciation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comparison study; Author-Supplied Keyword: Filter sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM2.5; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McEwen, A. S.
AU  - Hansen, C. J.
AU  - Delamere, W. A.
AU  - Eliason, E. M.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Keszthelyi, L.
AU  - C. Gulick, V.
AU  - Kirk, R. L.
AU  - Mellon, M. T.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Thomas, N.
AU  - Weitz, C. M.
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Bridges, N. T.
AU  - Murchie, S. L.
AU  - Seelos, F.
AU  - Seelos, K.
AU  - Okubo, C. H.
AU  - Milazzo, M. P.
AU  - Tornabene, L. L.
T1  - A Closer Look at Water-Related Geologic Activity on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/09/21/
VL  - 317
IS  - 5845
M3  - Article
SP  - 1706
EP  - 1709
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Water has supposedly marked the surface of Mars and produced characteristic landforms. To understand the history of water on Mars, we take a close look at key locations with the High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, reaching fine spatial scales of 25 to 32 centimeters per pixel. Boulders ranging up to ∼2 meters in diameter are ubiquitous in the middle to high latitudes, which include deposits previously interpreted as fine-grained ocean sediments or dusty snow. Bright gully deposits identify six locations with very recent activity, but these lie on steep (20° to 35°) slopes where dry mass wasting could occur. Thus, we cannot confirm the reality of ancient oceans or water in active gullies but do see evidence of fluvial modification of geologically recent mid-latitude gullies and equatorial impact craters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BODIES of water
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - BOULDERS
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Pleistocene
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 26850738; McEwen, A. S. 1; Email Address: mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu Hansen, C. J. 2 Delamere, W. A. 3 Eliason, E. M. 1 Herkenhoff, K. E. 4 Keszthelyi, L. 4 C. Gulick, V. 5 Kirk, R. L. 4 Mellon, M. T. 6 Grant, J. A. 7 Thomas, N. 8 Weitz, C. M. 9 Squyres, S. W. 10 Bridges, N. T. 2 Murchie, S. L. 11 Seelos, F. 11 Seelos, K. 11 Okubo, C. H. 1 Milazzo, M. P. 1 Tornabene, L. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Delamere Support Systems, Boulder, CO 80304, USA  4: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  7: Smithsonian Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20650, USA  8: University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland  9: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  10: Cornelt University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  11: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: 9/21/2007, Vol. 317 Issue 5845, p1706; Subject Term: BODIES of water; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: BOULDERS; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Pleistocene; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Bin
AU  - Ju, Sanghyun
AU  - Sun, Xuhui
AU  - Ng, Garrick
AU  - Nguyen, Thuc Dinh
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Janes, David B.
T1  - Indium selenide nanowire phase-change memory.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/09/24/
VL  - 91
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 133119
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Nonvolatile memory device using indium selenide nanowire as programmable resistive element was fabricated and its resistive switching property was studied as functions of electrical pulse width and voltage magnitude. The nanowire memory can be repeatedly switched between high-resistance (∼1011 Ω) and low-resistance (∼6×105 Ω) states which are attributed to amorphous and crystalline states, respectively. Once set to a specific state, the nanowire resistance is stable as measured at voltages up to 2 V. This observation suggests that the nanowire can be programed into two distinct states with a large on-off resistance ratio of ∼105 with significant potential for nonvolatile information storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC storage cells
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR storage devices
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - INDIUM compounds
KW  - SWITCHING circuits
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 26977171; Yu, Bin 1 Ju, Sanghyun 2 Sun, Xuhui 1 Ng, Garrick 1 Nguyen, Thuc Dinh 1 Meyyappan, M. 1 Janes, David B. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Birck Nanotechnology Center, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA; Source Info: 9/24/2007, Vol. 91 Issue 13, p133119; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC storage cells; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR storage devices; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: INDIUM compounds; Subject Term: SWITCHING circuits; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2793505
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Walker, Steven A.
AU  - Tweed, John
T1  - Coupling of multiple Coulomb scattering with energy loss and straggling in HZETRN
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/09/29/
VL  - 40
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1357
EP  - 1367
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The new version of the High Charge and Energy Transport (HZETRN) deterministic transport code based on Green’s function methods, and the incorporation of ground-based laboratory boundary conditions, has lead to the development of analytical and numerical procedures to include off-axis dispersion of primary ion beams due to small-angle multiple Coulomb scattering. In this paper we present the theoretical formulation and computational procedures to compute ion beam broadening and a methodology towards achieving a self-consistent approach to coupling multiple scattering interactions with ionization energy loss and straggling. Our initial benchmark case is a 60MeV proton beam on muscle tissue, for which we can compare various attributes of beam broadening with Monte Carlo simulations reported in the open literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COUPLINGS (Gearing)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - High Charge and Energy (HZE) ions
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - Multiple scattering
KW  - Radiation transport
KW  - Radiobiology
N1  - Accession Number: 27062053; Mertens, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: c.j.mertens@larc.nasa.gov Wilson, John W. 1 Walker, Steven A. 2 Tweed, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Chemistry and Dynamic Branch, 21 Langle Boulevard MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States; Source Info: Sep2007, Vol. 40 Issue 9, p1357; Subject Term: COUPLINGS (Gearing); Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: High Charge and Energy (HZE) ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiobiology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.03.075
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - Dynamic Snap-Through of Thin-Walled Structures by a Reduced-Order Method.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 45
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2510
EP  - 2510
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The goal of this investigation is to further develop nonlinear modal numerical simulation methods for application to geometrically nonlinear response of structures exposed to combined high-intensity random pressure fluctuations and thermal loadings. The study is conducted on a flat aluminum beam, which permits a comparison of results obtained by a reduced-order analysis with those obtained from a numerically intensive simulation in physical degrees of freedom. A uniformly distributed thermal loading is first applied to investigate the dynamic instability associated with thermal buckling. A uniformly distributed random loading is added to investigate the combined thermalacoustic response. In the latter case, three types of response characteristics are considered, namely: 1) smallamplitude vibration around one of the two stable buckling equilibrium positions, 2) intermittent snap-through response between the two equilibrium positions, and 3) persistent snap-through response between the two equilibrium positions. For the reduced-order analysis, four categories of modal basis functions are identified, including those having symmetric transverse, antisymmetric transverse, symmetric in-plane, and antisymmetric in-plane displacements. The effect of basis selection on the quality of results is investigated. It is found that despite symmetric geometry, loading, and boundary conditions, the antisymmetric transverse and symmetric in-plane modes participate in the snap-through behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN-walled structures
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 27222331; Przekop, Adam 1 Rizzi, Stephen A. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 45 Issue 10, p2510; Subject Term: THIN-walled structures; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26351
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spalart, Philippe R.
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
T1  - Effective Inflow Conditions for Turbulence Models in Aerodynamic Calculations.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 45
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2544
EP  - 2544
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The selection of inflow values for one- and two-equation turbulence models at boundaries far upstream of an aircraft is considered. Inflow values are distinguished from the ambient values near the body, which may be much smaller because the long approach can allow a deep decay. Ambient values should be selected first, and inflow values that will lead to them after the decay should be second; this is not always possible, especially for the time scale. The decay of turbulence in two-equation models during the approach to the aircraft is shown; in computational fluid dynamics practice, the time scale has often been set too short for this decay to be calculated accurately on typical grids. A simple remedy for both issues is to arrest decay below the chosen ambient values, either by imposing floor values, or preferably by adding weak source terms. A physical justification for overriding the equations in this manner is proposed. Selecting laminar ambient values is easy if the boundary layers are to be tripped, but it is common to seek ambient values that will cause immediate transition in shear layers. This opens up a wide range of values, and selection criteria are discussed. The turbulent Reynolds number, or ratio of eddy viscosity to laminar viscosity has a huge dynamic range that makes it unwieldy; it has been widely misused, particularly by setting upper limits on it. The value of the complete turbulent kinetic energy in a wind tunnel or the atmosphere is also dubious as an input to the model, because its spectrum contains length scales irrelevant to the turbulence in the boundary and shear layers. Concretely, the ambient eddy viscosity must be small enough to preserve potential cores in small geometry features such as flap gaps. The ambient-frequency scale should also be small enough, compared with shear rates in the boundary layer. Specific ranges of values are recommended and demonstrated for airfoil flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - DYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 27222343; Spalart, Philippe R. 1 Rumsey, Christopher L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Seattle, Washington 98124  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 45 Issue 10, p2544; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.29373
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martinez, D. A.
AU  - Vailas, A. C.
AU  - Vanderby Jr., R.
AU  - Grindeland, R. E.
T1  - Temporal extracellular matrix adaptations in ligament during wound healing and hindlimb unloading.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative & Comparative Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative & Comparative Physiology
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - R1552
EP  - R1560
SN  - 03636119
AB  - Previous data from spaceflight studies indicate that injured muscle and bone heal slowly and abnormally compared with ground controls, strongly suggesting that ligaments or tendons may not repair optimally as well. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the biochemical and molecular gene expression of the collagen extracellular matrix in response to medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury repair in hindlimb unloaded (HLU) rodents. Male rats were assigned to 3- and 7-wk treatment groups with three subgroups each: sham control, ambulatory healing (Amb-healing), and HLU-healing groups. Amb- and HLU-healing animals underwent bilateral surgical transection of their MCLs, whereas control animals were subjected to sham surgeries. All surgeries were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. After 3 wk or 7 wk of HLU, rats were euthanized and MCLs were surgically isolated and prepared for molecular or biochemical analyses. Hydroxyproline concentration and hydroxylysylpyridinoline collagen cross-link contents were measured by HPLC and showed a substantial decrement in surgical groups. MCL tissue cellularity, quantified by DNA content, remained significantly elevated in all HLU-healing groups vs. Amb-healing groups. MCL gene expression of collagen type I, collagen type III, collagen type V, fibronectin, decorin, biglycan, lysyl oxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-2, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1, measured by real-time quantitative PCR, demonstrated differential expression in the HLU-healing groups compared with Amb-healing groups at both the 3- and 7-wk time points. Together, these data suggest that HLU affects dense fibrous connective tissue wound healing and confirms previous morphological and biomechanical data that HLU inhibits the ligament repair processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative & Comparative Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRACELLULAR matrix
KW  - CONNECTIVE tissues
KW  - WOUND healing
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - MEDIAL collateral ligament (Knee)
KW  - BONES -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - collagen
KW  - cross-links
KW  - hindlimb suspension
KW  - rat
KW  - real-time quantitative PCR
N1  - Accession Number: 27148518; Martinez, D. A. 1,2; Email Address: ddam@uh.edu Vailas, A. C. 3 Vanderby Jr., R. 4 Grindeland, R. E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Connective Tissue Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas  2: Biomedical Engineering Program, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas  3: Office of the President, Idaho State University Administration Building, Pocatello, Idaho  4: Orthopedics Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin  5: Life Sciences Research Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 62 Issue 4, pR1552; Subject Term: EXTRACELLULAR matrix; Subject Term: CONNECTIVE tissues; Subject Term: WOUND healing; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: MEDIAL collateral ligament (Knee); Subject Term: BONES -- Wounds & injuries; Author-Supplied Keyword: collagen; Author-Supplied Keyword: cross-links; Author-Supplied Keyword: hindlimb suspension; Author-Supplied Keyword: rat; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time quantitative PCR; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajpregu.00423.2007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gözen  Ertem
AU  - Robert M.  Hazen
AU  - Jason P.  Dworkin
T1  - Sequence Analysis of Trimer Isomers Formed by Montmorillonite Catalysis in the Reaction of Binary Monomer Mixtures.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 715
EP  - 722
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Oligonucleotides are structurally similar to short RNA strands. Therefore, their formation via non-enzymatic reactions is highly relevant to Gilbert's RNA world scenario (1986) and the origin of life. In laboratory synthesis of oligonucleotides from monomers, it is necessary to remove the water molecules from the reaction medium to shift the equilibrium in favor of oligonucleotide formation, which would have been impossible for reactions that took place in dilute solutions on the early Earth. Model studies designed to address this problem demonstrate that montmorillonite, a phyllosilicate common on Earth and identified on Mars, efficiently catalyzes phosphodiester-bond formation between activated mononucleotides in dilute solutions and produces RNA-like oligomers. The purpose of this study was to examine the sequences and regiospecificity of trimer isomers formed in the reaction of 5′-phosphorimidazolides of adenosine and uridine. Results demonstrated that regiospecificity and sequence specificity observed in the dimer fractions are conserved in their elongation products. With regard to regiospecificity, 61 of the linkages were found to be RNA-like 3′,5′-phosphodiester bonds. With regard to sequence specificity, we found that 88 of the linear trimers were hetero-isomers with 61 A-monomer and 39 U-monomer incorporation. These results lend support to Bernal's hypothesis that minerals may have played a significant role in the chemical processes that led to the origin of life by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds in RNA-like oligomers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - RNA
KW  - OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
KW  - MOLECULES
N1  - Accession Number: 27312321; Gözen  Ertem 1,2,3 Robert M.  Hazen 1 Jason P.  Dworkin 2; Affiliation:  1: Geophysical Laboratory and NASA Astrobiology Institute, Washington, DC.  2: Astrochemistry Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p715; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; Subject Term: MOLECULES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mecikalski, John R.
AU  - Feltz, Wayne F.
AU  - Murray, John J.
AU  - Johnson, David B.
AU  - Bedka, Kristopher M.
AU  - Bedka, Sarah T.
AU  - Wimmers, Anthony J.
AU  - Pavolonis, Michael
AU  - Berendes, Todd A.
AU  - Haggerty, Julie
AU  - Minnis, Pat
AU  - Bernstein, Ben
AU  - Williams, Earle
T1  - Aviation Applications for Satellite-Based Observations of Cloud Properties, Convection Initiation, In-Flight Icing, Turbulence, and Volcanic Ash.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 88
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1589
EP  - 1607
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article focuses on the application of aviation weather products safety for observations of meteorological satellites based in the U.S. These satellites include the turbulence, convective storms, and volcanic ash that carried out within national aviation forecasting systems. It is stated that the fundamental objective of the Advanced Satellite Aviation-Weather Products (ASAP) program is to support the existing Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) weather Product Development Teams. These satellites can play an important role in validating current weather products with researchers gaining experience in the use of advanced sensors.
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - STORMS
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 27232831; Mecikalski, John R. 1 Feltz, Wayne F. 2 Murray, John J. 3; Email Address: John.mecikalski@nsstc.uah.edu Johnson, David B. 4 Bedka, Kristopher M. 2 Bedka, Sarah T. 2 Wimmers, Anthony J. 2 Pavolonis, Michael 5 Berendes, Todd A. 1 Haggerty, Julie 4 Minnis, Pat 3 Bernstein, Ben 4 Williams, Earle 6; Affiliation:  1: Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama  2: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin—Madison. Madison. Wisconsin  3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: Research Applications Laboratory. NCAR. Boulder, Colorado  5: Advanced Satellite Products Branch NOAA/NESDIS. Madison, Wisconsin  6: Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge. Massachusetts; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 88 Issue 10, p1589; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-88-10-1589
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Camanho, P.P.
AU  - Maimí, P.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
T1  - Prediction of size effects in notched laminates using continuum damage mechanics
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 67
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2715
EP  - 2727
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: This paper examines the use of a continuum damage model to predict strength and size effects in notched carbon–epoxy laminates. The effects of size and the development of a fracture process zone before final failure are identified in an experimental program. The continuum damage model is described and the resulting predictions of size effects are compared with alternative approaches: the point stress and the inherent flaw models, the Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics approach, and the strength of materials approach. The results indicate that the continuum damage model is the most accurate technique to predict size effects in composites. Furthermore, the continuum damage model does not require any calibration and it is applicable to general geometries and boundary conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONTINUUM damage mechanics
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - C. Continuum damage mechanics
KW  - Fracture mechanics
KW  - Size effect
N1  - Accession Number: 26337088; Camanho, P.P. 1; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt Maimí, P. 2 Dávila, C.G. 3; Affiliation:  1: DEMEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal  2: AMADE, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, Girona, Spain  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 67 Issue 13, p2715; Subject Term: CONTINUUM damage mechanics; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Continuum damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Size effect; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2007.02.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chang, Frank
AU  - Li, Guangchao
AU  - Haws, Maria
AU  - Niu, Tianhua
T1  - Element concentrations in shell of Pinctada margaritifera from French Polynesia and evaluation for using as a food supplement
JO  - Food Chemistry
JF  - Food Chemistry
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 104
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1171
EP  - 1176
SN  - 03088146
AB  - Abstract: Element concentrations in shell of Pinctada margaritifera (black-lip pearl oyster) from Manihi, French Polynesia, were measured with Inductively Coupled Plasma – Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). The respective average concentrations were: calcium (Ca) 396.4mg/g, sodium (Na) 5.536mg/g, magnesium (Mg) 2.136mg/g, strontium (Sr) 890.6ppm, iron (Fe) 67.89ppm, aluminum (Al) 45.74ppm, phosphorus (P) 27.19ppm, boron (B) 12.17ppm, manganese (Mn) 2.308ppm, copper (Cu) 1.050ppm, zinc (Zn) 0.7180ppm; and nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and vanadium (V) were below detection limits with ICP-AES. The above concentrations were normalized and compared to the safety standards for human consumption determined by regulatory agencies of United Nations (UN), the European Union (EU), and the United States (US). Element concentrations detected in this study were all lower than the safety standards promulgated by regulatory agencies. These findings suggest that shells of P. margaritifera from Manihi, French Polynesia, do not raise any significant health concerns for human consumption. The shell of P. margaritifera thus potentially represents an important natural source for calcium-fortified foods, calcium supplement, and even for potential osteogenesis applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Food Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIETARY supplements
KW  - TRANSITION metals
KW  - NATIVE element minerals
KW  - ENRICHED foods
KW  - Human consumption
KW  - ICP-AES
KW  - Pinctada margaritifera
KW  - Trace metal
N1  - Accession Number: 25119130; Chang, Frank 1; Email Address: ftchang@changene.com Li, Guangchao 2 Haws, Maria 3 Niu, Tianhua 4; Affiliation:  1: Changene Lab, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 566, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Department of Geologic and Environmental Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States  3: Pacific Aquaculture and Coastal Resources Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI 96720, United States  4: Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 104 Issue 3, p1171; Subject Term: DIETARY supplements; Subject Term: TRANSITION metals; Subject Term: NATIVE element minerals; Subject Term: ENRICHED foods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human consumption; Author-Supplied Keyword: ICP-AES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pinctada margaritifera; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trace metal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446191 Food (Health) Supplement Stores; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.01.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michael A.  Meador
T1  - Use of Diels-Alder Cyclopolymerizations in the Photocuring of Polymers.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 665
EP  - 683
SN  - 09540083
AB  - Radiation curable polymers are needed for use in space rigidizable inflatable structures (antenna supports, habitats, rovers) for future NASA missions. One approach developed at NASA Glenn utilizes the Diels—Alder trapping of bisdienes (o-xylylenols) generated by the photolysis of o-methylphenyl ketones with bisdienophiles (bismaleimides and bisacrylates). A variety of polyimides and polyesters have been prepared with this chemistry and their properties evaluated. The glass transition temperatures of these resins varied from —27 to over 300°C depending upon monomer structures. Onsets of decomposition, measured by thermogravimetric analysis in air, were in the neighborhood of 300°C and did not vary much with monomer structure. Some monomer systems are liquids at room temperature and have the potential for use in solvent-free UV-cured coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 26842943; Michael A.  Meador 1; Affiliation:  1: Polymeric Materials Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA, michael.a.meador@nasa.gov. Polymeric Materials Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA. Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, Ohio 44142, USA. Abhu Dhabi University, Abhu Dhabi, UAE; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p665; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harker, David E.
AU  - Woodward, Charles E.
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
AU  - Fisher, R. Scott
AU  - Trujillo, Chad A.
T1  - Gemini-N mid-IR observations of the dust properties of the ejecta excavated from Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during Deep Impact
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 190
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 432
EP  - 453
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present mid-infrared spectra and images from the Gemini-N (+MICHELLE) observational campaign of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before, during, and after its encounter with Deep Impact. We use our thermal grain model to probe the 10 μm properties of the dust grains in the coma of the comet. Before impact (3 July 2005 UT), and more than 24 h after impact (5, 16, and 28 July 2005 UT), the comet dust grains were composed mostly of amorphous olivine, and were relatively large (peak of the grain size distribution ). For the night of impact, we extract spectra by centering on the nucleus, and offset 1″ from the nucleus in the direction of the impact ejecta plume. We find small dust grains (∼0.2 μm) of a diverse mineralogy (amorphous olivine, amorphous pyroxene, amorphous carbon, and crystalline olivine) populating the ejecta. The submicron sized dust grains move faster than the other, larger grains (≳0.7 μm), with amorphous olivine and amorphous carbon traveling together, and amorphous pyroxene and crystalline olivine dispersing at a similar rate. Deriving a velocity law from a time-of-flight analysis, we find that the material traveled with a velocity law scaled by and with a power of . This velocity power-law requires a sustained release of grains for the duration of 45–60 min after impact. Since the mineral species are traveling at different speeds, and there was a sustained release of grains due to a possible “gas-plume,” we conclude that the different minerals did not originate from grain aggregates destroyed by the impact, but instead arise from an inhomogeneous nucleus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMETS
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - SPACE
KW  - Comet Tempel-1
KW  - Infrared observations
N1  - Accession Number: 26678227; Harker, David E. 1; Email Address: dharker@ucsd.edu Woodward, Charles E. 2 Wooden, Diane H. 3 Fisher, R. Scott 4 Trujillo, Chad A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Gemini Observatory, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 190 Issue 2, p432; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: SPACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet Tempel-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vancil, Bernard
AU  - Mueller, Robert
AU  - Hawken, Kenneth W.
AU  - Wintucky, Edwin G.
AU  - Kory, Carol L.
AU  - Lockwood, Larry
T1  - A Medium Power Electrostatically Focused Multiple-Beam Klystron.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2582
EP  - 2588
SN  - 00189383
AB  - This paper presents data on a new device, a 7-beam, electrostatically focused klystron oscillator/amplifier with planned output of 2-kW continuous wave (CW) at 5.8 GHz for an RF-excited ion thruster. An abridged presentation of this paper was given at the International Vacuum Electronics Conference/International Vacuum Electron Sources Conference (IVEC/IVESC) 2006 Conference in Monterey, CA. Advantages over conventional magnetic focusing are discussed. A tube was constructed that exhibited expected performance. It produced about 500 W with three beams at saturation and was operated as both an oscillator and an amplifier. DC beam transmission was 99% but degraded rapidly at saturation. We discuss ways to mitigate this problem. Cavity gaps were used as focus lenses by applying a dc voltage across them, and this improved overall beam focusing. A technique for splitting cavities without lowering Q is presented. An unconventional construction technology was Fl employed and is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - KLYSTRONS
KW  - MICROWAVE amplifiers
KW  - CATHODE ray tubes
KW  - CONTINUOUS wave radar
KW  - COLLOID thrusters
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - GIRDERS
KW  - ELECTRIC oscillators
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - Electrostatic focusing
KW  - klystron
KW  - microwave amplifier
KW  - multiple-beam klystron
N1  - Accession Number: 26953908; Vancil, Bernard 1; Email Address: bernie@ebeaminc.com Mueller, Robert 1 Hawken, Kenneth W. 1 Wintucky, Edwin G. 2 Kory, Carol L. 3 Lockwood, Larry; Affiliation:  1: E beam, Inc., Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Beaverton, OR 97007 USA  3: Analex Corporation, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 54 Issue 10, p2582; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: KLYSTRONS; Subject Term: MICROWAVE amplifiers; Subject Term: CATHODE ray tubes; Subject Term: CONTINUOUS wave radar; Subject Term: COLLOID thrusters; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: GIRDERS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC oscillators; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic focusing; Author-Supplied Keyword: klystron; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple-beam klystron; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2007.904586
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farhoomand, Jam
AU  - Sisson, David
AU  - Beeman, Jeff
T1  - A low noise 2×16 Ge:Sb focal-plane array: Paving the way for large format FPAs for far IR astronomy
JO  - Infrared Physics & Technology
JF  - Infrared Physics & Technology
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 112
SN  - 13504495
AB  - Abstract: Future astronomical instruments call for large format and high sensitivity far infrared focal-plane arrays to meet their science objectives. Arrays as large as 128×128 with sensitivities equal to or better than 10−18 W/√Hz are set as targets for the far IR instruments to be developed within the next 10 years. These seemingly modest goals present a not-so-modest quantum leap for far IR detector technology whose progress is hampered by a number of complexities; chief among them the development of low noise readouts operating at deep cryogenic temperatures and a viable hybridization scheme suitable for far IR detectors. In an effort to incrementally develop large-format photoconductor arrays, we have fabricated a 2×16 Ge:Sb array using the SBRC190 readout – a cryogenic 1×32 CTIA readout multiplexer initially developed for SOFIA’s AIRES instrument. In this paper we report the results of the extensive parametric tests performed on this array showing an impressive noise performance of 2.2×10−18 W/√Hz and a DQE of 0.41 despite some design limitations. With such an encouraging performance, this prototype array will serve as a platform for our future developmental effort. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Infrared Physics & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - PHYSICS instruments
KW  - SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments
KW  - CTIA
KW  - Far IR
KW  - FPA
KW  - Germanium
KW  - Photoconductor
KW  - Submillimeter
N1  - Accession Number: 26844111; Farhoomand, Jam 1,2; Email Address: jfarhoomand@mail.arc.nasa.gov Sisson, David 1,2 Beeman, Jeff 3; Affiliation:  1: TechnoScience Corporation, P.O. Box 60658, Palo Alto, CA 94306, United States  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States  3: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p102; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: PHYSICS instruments; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: CTIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Far IR; Author-Supplied Keyword: FPA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Germanium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoconductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Submillimeter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.infrared.2007.02.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobayashi, Takahisa
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
T1  - Integration of On-Line and Off-Line Diagnostic Algorithms for Aircraft Engine Health Management.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 129
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 986
EP  - 993
SN  - 07424795
AB  - This paper investigates the integration of on-line and off-line diagnostic algorithms for aircraft gas turbine engines. The on-line diagnostic algorithm is designed for in-flight fault detection. It continuously monitors engine outputs for anomalous signatures induced by faults. The off-line diagnostic algorithm is designed to track engine health degradation over the lifetime of an engine. It estimates engine health degradation periodically over the course of the engine's life. The estimate generated by the off-line algorithm is used to "update" the on-line algorithm. Through this integration, the on-line algorithm becomes aware of engine health degradation, and its effectiveness to detect faults can be maintained while the engine continues to degrade. The benefit of this integration is investigated in a simulation environment using a nonlinear engine model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - MACHINERY
KW  - in-flight fault detection
KW  - Kalman filter
KW  - on-board engine model
KW  - trend monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 27400264; Kobayashi, Takahisa 1 Simon, Donald L. 2; Affiliation:  1: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 129 Issue 4, p986; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: MACHINERY; Author-Supplied Keyword: in-flight fault detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: on-board engine model; Author-Supplied Keyword: trend monitoring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333999 All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417990 All other machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2747640
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27400264&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Hee Mann Yun
AU  - DiCarlo, James A.
T1  - In-Plane Cracking Behavior and Ultimate Strength for 2D Woven and Braided Melt-Infiltrated SiC/SiC Composites Tensile Loaded in Off-Axis Fiber Directions.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3185
EP  - 3193
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The tensile mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) in directions off the primary axes of the reinforcing fibers are important for the architectural design of CMC components that are subjected to multiaxial stress states. In this study, two-dimensional (2D)-woven melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC composite panels with balanced fiber content in the 0° and 90° directions were tensile loaded in-plane in the 0° direction and at 45° to this direction. In addition, a 2D triaxially braided MI SiC/SiC composite panel with a higher fiber content in the ±67° bias directions compared with the axial direction was tensile loaded perpendicular to the axial direction tows (i.e., 23° from the bias fibers). Stress–strain behavior, acoustic emission, and optical microscopy were used to quantify stress-dependent matrix cracking and ultimate strength in the panels. It was observed that both off-axis-loaded panels displayed higher composite onset stresses for through-thickness matrix cracking than the 2D-woven 0/90 panels loaded in the primary 0° direction. These improvements for off-axis cracking strength can in part be attributed to higher effective fiber fractions in the loading direction, which in turn reduces internal stresses on weak regions in the architecture, e.g., minicomposite tows oriented normal to the loading direction and/or critical flaws in the matrix for a given composite stress. Both off-axis-oriented panels also showed relatively good ultimate tensile strength when compared with other off-axis-oriented composites in the literature, both on an absolute strength basis as well as when normalized by the average fiber strength within the composites. Initial implications are discussed for constituent and architecture design to improve the directional cracking of SiC/SiC CMC components with MI matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ARCHITECTURAL design
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - STRESS waves
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 26612070; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: gmorscher@grc.nasa.gov Hee Mann Yun 2 DiCarlo, James A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio  2: Matech GSM, Irvine, California  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 90 Issue 10, p3185; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ARCHITECTURAL design; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: STRESS waves; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01887.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26612070&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinkelman, Laura M.
AU  - Evans, K. Franklin
AU  - Clothiaux, Eugene E.
AU  - Ackerman, Thomas P.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
T1  - The Effect of Cumulus Cloud Field Anisotropy on Domain-Averaged Solar Fluxes and Atmospheric Heating Rates.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 64
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3499
EP  - 3520
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Cumulus clouds can become tilted or elongated in the presence of wind shear. Nevertheless, most studies of the interaction of cumulus clouds and radiation have assumed these clouds to be isotropic. This paper describes an investigation of the effect of fair-weather cumulus cloud field anisotropy on domain-averaged solar fluxes and atmospheric heating rate profiles. A stochastic field generation algorithm was used to produce 20 three-dimensional liquid water content fields based on the statistical properties of cloud scenes from a large eddy simulation. Progressively greater degrees of x–z plane tilting and horizontal stretching were imposed on each of these scenes, so that an ensemble of scenes was produced for each level of distortion. The resulting scenes were used as input to a three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer model. Domain-averaged transmission, reflection, and absorption of broadband solar radiation were computed for each scene along with the average heating rate profile. Both tilt and horizontal stretching were found to significantly affect calculated fluxes, with the amount and sign of flux differences depending strongly on sun position relative to cloud distortion geometry. The mechanisms by which anisotropy interacts with solar fluxes were investigated by comparisons to independent pixel approximation and tilted independent pixel approximation computations for the same scenes. Cumulus anisotropy was found to most strongly impact solar radiative transfer by changing the effective cloud fraction (i.e., the cloud fraction with respect to the solar beam direction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - FLUX (Metallurgy)
KW  - METALLURGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERICS
KW  - HEATING
KW  - RADIATION
N1  - Accession Number: 27062369; Hinkelman, Laura M. 1; Email Address: l.m.hinkelman@larc.nasa.gov Evans, K. Franklin 2 Clothiaux, Eugene E. 3 Ackerman, Thomas P. 4 Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 5; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado  3: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania  4: Fundamental Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 64 Issue 10, p3499; Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: FLUX (Metallurgy); Subject Term: METALLURGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERICS; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: RADIATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 12 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS4032.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27062369&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maimí, P.
AU  - Camanho, P.P.
AU  - Mayugo, J.A.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
T1  - A continuum damage model for composite laminates: Part I – Constitutive model
JO  - Mechanics of Materials
JF  - Mechanics of Materials
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 897
EP  - 908
SN  - 01676636
SN  - 9780077221409
AB  - Abstract: A continuum damage model for the prediction of the onset and evolution of intralaminar failure mechanisms and the collapse of structures manufactured in fiber-reinforced plastic laminates is proposed. The failure mechanisms occurring in the longitudinal and transverse directions of a ply are represented by a set of scalar damage variables. Crack closure effects under load reversal are taken into account by using damage variables that are established as a function of the sign of the components of the stress tensor. Damage activation functions based on the LaRC04 failure criteria are used to predict the different failure mechanisms occurring at the ply level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - PENETRATION mechanics
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Continuum damage mechanics
KW  - Fracture mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 25567084; Maimí, P. 1 Camanho, P.P. 2; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt Mayugo, J.A. 1 Dávila, C.G. 3; Affiliation:  1: AMADE, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain  2: DEMEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p897; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: PENETRATION mechanics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Continuum damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture mechanics; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2007.03.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25567084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maimí, P.
AU  - Camanho, P.P.
AU  - Mayugo, J.A.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
T1  - A continuum damage model for composite laminates: Part II – Computational implementation and validation
JO  - Mechanics of Materials
JF  - Mechanics of Materials
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 909
EP  - 919
SN  - 01676636
SN  - 9780077221409
AB  - Abstract: This papers describes the computational implementation of a new damage model for laminated composites proposed in a previous paper. The objectivity of the numerical solution is assured by regularizing the energy dissipated at a material point by each failure mechanism. A viscous model is proposed to mitigate the convergence difficulties associated with strain softening constitutive models. To verify the accuracy of the approach, analyses of coupon specimens were performed, and the numerical predictions were compared with experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - CONTINUUM (Mathematics)
KW  - PENETRATION mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Continuum damage mechanics
KW  - Fracture mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 25567085; Maimí, P. 1 Camanho, P.P. 2; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt Mayugo, J.A. 1 Dávila, C.G. 3; Affiliation:  1: AMADE, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain  2: DEMEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p909; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM (Mathematics); Subject Term: PENETRATION mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Continuum damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture mechanics; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2007.03.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=25567085&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abercromby, Andrew F. J.
AU  - Amonette, William B.
AU  - Layne, Charles S.
AU  - McFarlin, Brian K.
AU  - Hinman, Martha R.
AU  - Paloski, William H.
T1  - Vibration Exposure and Biodynamic Responses during Whole-Body Vibration Training.
JO  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
JF  - Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1794
EP  - 1800
SN  - 01959131
AB  - The article reflects on vibration exposure and biodynamic responses during whole-body vibration training. The section attempts to evaluate quantitatively and compare the severity of vibration exposure during typical whole-body vibration training regimens using two different directions of vibration. It examines the excessive, chronic whole-body vibration has several negative side effects on the human body, including disorders of the skeletal, digestive, reproductive, visual, vestibular systems.
KW  - MECHANICAL impedance
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
KW  - MOTION
KW  - SPEED
KW  - TRAINING
KW  - HUMAN body
KW  - HUMAN anatomy
KW  - ESTIMATED VIBFATION DOSE VALUE
KW  - HEAD ACCELERATION
KW  - ISO 2631-1
KW  - MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE
KW  - RISK
N1  - Accession Number: 27074869; Abercromby, Andrew F. J. 1; Email Address: andrew.abercromby-1@nasa.gov. Amonette, William B. 2 Layne, Charles S. 3 McFarlin, Brian K. 2,3 Hinman, Martha R. 4 Paloski, William H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Laboratories, Inc., Houston, TX  2: Human Performance Laboratory, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX  3: Laboratory of Integrated Physiology, University of Houston, Houston, TX  4: Department of Physical Therapy, Hardin-Simmons University, Abilene, TX  5: Human Adaptations and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p1794; Subject Term: MECHANICAL impedance; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: ACCELERATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: MOTION; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: TRAINING; Subject Term: HUMAN body; Subject Term: HUMAN anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: ESTIMATED VIBFATION DOSE VALUE; Author-Supplied Keyword: HEAD ACCELERATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISO 2631-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: MECHANICAL IMPEDANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: RISK; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1249/mss.0b013e3 181 238a0f
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27074869&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hsiang  Tai
T1  - In search of multipeaked reflective spectrum with optic fiber Bragg grating sensor for dynamic strain measurement.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2007/10//
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 10440
EP  - 10440
SN  - 00913286
AB  - In a typical optic fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain measurement, unless made in an ideal static laboratory environment, the presence of vibration or often disturbance always exists, which often creates spurious multiple peaks in the reflected spectrum, resulting in a nonunique determination of strain value. We attempt to investigate the origin of this phenomenon by physical arguments and simple numerical simulation. We postulate that the fiber gratings execute small-amplitude transverse, vibrations changing the optical path in which the reflected light traverses slightly and nonuniformly. Ultimately, this causes the multipeak reflected spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER optics
KW  - BRAGG gratings
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 27415003; Hsiang  Tai 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 3B East Taylor Street, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p10440; Subject Term: FIBER optics; Subject Term: BRAGG gratings; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Polomski, Elisha
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Wooden, D. H.
AU  - Sugerman, B. E. K.
T1  - Multi-Epoch Spitzer Spectroscopy of SN 1987A.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/10/02/
VL  - 937
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 176
EP  - 178
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present multi-epoch Spitzer spectra of the well known supernova remnant, SN 1987A. SN 1987A was the first supernova observed by naked eye in almost 400 years and has been intensely studied at all wavelengths with a wide array of telescopes and instrumentation. HST imaging has shown an equatorial ring (ER) spanning 1.6×1.2″ in diameter [1]. This ring is believed to be material originating in an earlier stellar wind and mass-loss phase of the progenitor star and is now being heated by the supernova shock wave and is slowly increasing in brightness. Our two epochs of Spitzer observations trace the brightness evolution of the ER and reveal the composition of the ring material and the surrounding local interstellar medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS
KW  - dust
KW  - infrared
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - supernova
N1  - Accession Number: 27002821; Polomski, Elisha 1 Woodward, C. E. 1 Gehrz, R. D. 1 Wooden, D. H. 2 Sugerman, B. E. K. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Minnesota, Department of Astronomy, Minneapolis, MN 55455  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218; Source Info: 10/2/2007, Vol. 937 Issue 1, p176; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: supernova; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2803559
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27002821&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milne, Peter A.
AU  - Brown, Peter J.
AU  - Holland, Stephen T.
AU  - Roming, Peter W. A.
AU  - Berk, Dan Vanden
AU  - Immler, Stefan
T1  - Swift UVOT Observations of Type Ia Supernovae.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/10/02/
VL  - 937
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 310
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We review recent UV observations of thermonuclear supernovae (SNe Ia) performed with the Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) during its first two years. The UV light curves are found to have highly homogeneous light curve shapes, with peak dates that are similar to the peak dates in the U band (which is ∼2 days earlier than in the B band). Optically-bright SNe Ia are found to be UV bright, as optically-faint SNe Ia are found to be UV faint. These findings are of interest for the cosmological utilization of SNe Ia as standard candles, and they afford insight into the thermonuclear explosion. The SN 2005ke was observed to feature a UV excess at late times presumably due to the SN shock encountering the circumstellar emission from a red giant donor star in the progenitor system. Collectively, Swift UV/X-ray observations of SNe Ia bear the promise of dramatically improving the understanding of type Ia SNe over the course of the upcoming years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TYPE I supernovae
KW  - GRAPHIC methods
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - Supernovae
KW  - Ultraviolet
N1  - Accession Number: 27002798; Milne, Peter A. 1 Brown, Peter J. 2 Holland, Stephen T. 3,4 Roming, Peter W. A. 2 Berk, Dan Vanden 2 Immler, Stefan 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Arizona  2: Penn State University  3: Goddard Space Flight Center  4: CRESST/USRA; Source Info: 10/2/2007, Vol. 937 Issue 1, p303; Subject Term: TYPE I supernovae; Subject Term: GRAPHIC methods; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supernovae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2803582
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mather, John C.
T1  - Science and Sputnik.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/05/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5847
M3  - Article
SP  - 52
EP  - 53
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience working in the Astrophysics Science Division of the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.
KW  - FIRST person narrative
KW  - ASTROPHYSICISTS
N1  - Accession Number: 27096704; Mather, John C. 1,2; Email Address: john.C.Mather@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Science Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20S46, USA; Source Info: 10/5/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5847, p52; Subject Term: FIRST person narrative; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICISTS; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Guangyoung
AU  - Palazzolo, Alan B.
T1  - Corrigendum to “Rotor drop and following thermal growth simulations using detailed auxiliary bearing and damper models”: [J. Sound Vib. 289 (2006) 334–359]
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2007/10/09/
VL  - 306
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 975
EP  - 975
SN  - 0022460X
N1  - Accession Number: 26254880; Sun, Guangyoung 1 Palazzolo, Alan B. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 100 ENPH Bldg., College Station, TX 77843-3123, USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 306 Issue 3-5, p975; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2005.02.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=26254880&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J. W.
AU  - Ott, C. M.
AU  - zu Bentrup, K. Höner
AU  - Ramamurthy, R.
AU  - Quick, L.
AU  - Porwollik, S.
AU  - Cheng, P.
AU  - McClelland, M.
AU  - Tsaprailis, G.
AU  - Radabaugh, T.
AU  - Hunt, A.
AU  - Fernandez, D.
AU  - Richter, E.
AU  - Shah, M.
AU  - Kilcoyne, M.
AU  - Joshi, L.
AU  - NeIman-Gonzalez, M.
AU  - Hing, S.
AU  - Parra, M.
AU  - Dumars, P.
T1  - Space flight alters bacterial gene expression and virulence and reveals a role for global regulator Hfq.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/10/09/
VL  - 104
IS  - 41
M3  - Article
SP  - 16299
EP  - 16304
SN  - 00278424
AB  - A comprehensive analysis of both the molecular genetic and phenotypic responses of any organism to the space flight environment has never been accomplished because of significant technological and logistical hurdles. Moreover, the effects of space flight on microbial pathogenicity and associated infectious disease risks have not been studied. The bacterial pathogen Salmonella typhimurium was grown aboard Space Shuttle mission STS-115 and compared with identical ground control cultures. Global microarray and proteomic analyses revealed that 167 transcripts and 73 proteins changed expression with the conserved RNA-binding protein Hfq identified as a likely global regulator involved in the response to this environment. Hfq involvement was confirmed with a ground-based microgravity culture model. Space flight samples exhibited enhanced virulence in a murine infection model and extracellular matrix accumulation consistent with a biofilm. Strategies to target Hfq and related regulators could potentially decrease infectious disease risks during space flight missions and provide novel therapeutic options on Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIAL genetics
KW  - MOLECULAR genetics
KW  - SALMONELLA typhimurium
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - CELLULAR control mechanisms
KW  - low shear modeled microgravity
KW  - microgravity
KW  - rotating wall vessel
KW  - Salmonella
KW  - Space Shuttle
N1  - Accession Number: 27219610; Wilson, J. W. 1,2 Ott, C. M. 3 zu Bentrup, K. Höner 2 Ramamurthy, R. 2 Quick, L. 1 Porwollik, S. 4 Cheng, P. 4 McClelland, M. 4 Tsaprailis, G. 5 Radabaugh, T. 5 Hunt, A. 5 Fernandez, D. 1 Richter, E. 1 Shah, M. 6 Kilcoyne, M. 6 Joshi, L. 6 NeIman-Gonzalez, M. 7 Hing, S. 8 Parra, M. 8 Dumars, P. 8; Affiliation:  1: Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287  2: Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112  3: HabitabiIity and Environmental Factors Division, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058  4: Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA 92121  5: Center for Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  6: Center for Glycoscience Technology, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287  7: WyIe Laboratories, Houston, TX 77058  8: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 10/9/2007, Vol. 104 Issue 41, p16299; Subject Term: BACTERIAL genetics; Subject Term: MOLECULAR genetics; Subject Term: SALMONELLA typhimurium; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: CELLULAR control mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: low shear modeled microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: rotating wall vessel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salmonella; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0707155104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27219610&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaidos, Eric
AU  - Haghighipour, Nader
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Latham, David
AU  - Raymond, Sean
AU  - Rayner, John
T1  - New, Worlds on the Horizon: Earth-Sized Planets Close to Other Stars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 213
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The search for habitable planets like Earth around other stars fulfills an ancient imperative to understand our origins and place in the cosmos. The past decade has seen the discovery of hundreds of planets, but nearly all are gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn. Recent advances in instrumentation and new missions are extending searches to planets the size of Earth but closer to their host stars. There are several possible ways such planets could form, and future observations will soon test those theories. Many of these planets we discover may be quite unlike Earth in their surface temperature and composition, but their study will nonetheless inform us about the process of planet formation and the frequency of Earth-like planets around other stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - STARS
KW  - COSMOS satellites
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - PLANETS
N1  - Accession Number: 27182088; Gaidos, Eric 1,2; Email Address: gaidos@hawaii.edu Haghighipour, Nader 2,3 Agol, Eric 4 Latham, David 5 Raymond, Sean 2,6 Rayner, John 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: Astronomy Department, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 9819S, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS 20, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA; Source Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p210; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: COSMOS satellites; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PLANETS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1144358
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27182088&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McComas, D. J.
AU  - Allegrini, F.
AU  - Bagenal, F.
AU  - Crary, F.
AU  - Ebert, R. W.
AU  - Elliott, H.
AU  - Stern, A.
AU  - Valek, P.
T1  - Diverse Plasma Populations and Structures in Jupiter's Magnetotail.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 220
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Jupiter's magnetotail is the largest cohesive structure in the solar system and marks the loss of vast numbers of heavy ions from the Jupiter system. The New Horizons spacecraft traversed the magnetotail to distances exceeding 2500 jovian radii (RJ) and revealed a remarkable diversity of plasma populations and structures throughout its length. Ions evolve from a hot plasma disk distribution at ∼100 RJ to slower, persistent flows down the tail that become increasingly variable in flux and mean energy. The plasma is highly structured-exhibiting sharp breaks, smooth variations, and apparent plasmoids-and contains ions from both lo and Jupiter's ionosphere with intense bursts of H+ and H3+. Quasi-periodic changes were seen in flux at ∼450 and ∼1500 RJ with a 10-hour period. Other variations in flow speed at ∼600 to 1000 RJ with a 3- to 4-day period may be attributable to plasmoids moving down the tail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - MAGNETOTAILS
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - IONOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 27182091; McComas, D. J. 1,2; Email Address: dmccomas@swri.edu Allegrini, F. 1,2 Bagenal, F. 3 Crary, F. 1 Ebert, R. W. 1,2 Elliott, H. 1,2 Stern, A. 4 Valek, P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA  3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p217; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: MAGNETOTAILS; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147393
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27182091&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McNutt Jr., R. L.
AU  - Haggerty, D. K.
AU  - Hill, M. E.
AU  - Krimigis, S. M.
AU  - Livi, S.
AU  - Ho, G. C.
AU  - Gurnee, R. S.
AU  - Mauk, B. H.
AU  - Mitchell, D. G.
AU  - Roelof, E. C.
AU  - McComas, D. J.
AU  - Bagenal, F.
AU  - Elliott, H. A.
AU  - Brown, L. E.
AU  - Kusterer, M.
AU  - Vandegriff, J.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
T1  - Energetic Particles in the Jovian Magnetotail.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 222
SN  - 00368075
AB  - When the solar wind hits Jupiter's magnetic field, it creates a long magnetotail trailing behind the planet that channels material out of the Jupiter system. The New Horizons spacecraft traversed the Length of the jovian magnetotail to >2500 jovian radii (RJ); 1 RJ = 71,400 kilometers), observing a high-temperature, multispecies population of energetic particles. Velocity dispersions, anisotropies, and compositional variation seen in the deep-tail (≳ 500 RJ) with a ∼3-day periodicity are similar to variations seen closer to Jupiter in Galileo data. The signatures suggest plasma streaming away from the planet and injection sites in the near-tail region (∼200 to 400 RJ) that could be related to magnetic reconnection events. The tail structure remains coherent at least until it reaches the magnetosheath at 1655 RJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - MAGNETOTAILS
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SOLAR energetic particles
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
N1  - Accession Number: 27182092; McNutt Jr., R. L. 1; Email Address: ralph.mcnutt@jhuapl.edu Haggerty, D. K. 1 Hill, M. E. 1 Krimigis, S. M. 1,2 Livi, S. 3 Ho, G. C. 1 Gurnee, R. S. 1 Mauk, B. H. 1 Mitchell, D. G. 1 Roelof, E. C. 1 McComas, D. J. 3 Bagenal, F. 4 Elliott, H. A. 3 Brown, L. E. 1 Kusterer, M. 1 Vandegriff, J. 1 Stern, S. A. 5 Weaver, H. A. 1 Spencer, J. R. 6 Moore, J. M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  2: Academy of Athens, 28 Panapistimiou, 10679 Athens, Greece  3: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA  4: Laboratory of Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA  5: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA  6: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p220; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: MAGNETOTAILS; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SOLAR energetic particles; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1148025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27182092&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reuter, D. C.
AU  - Simon-Miller, A. A.
AU  - Lunsford, A.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Cheng, A. F.
AU  - Jennings, D. E.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Young, L. A.
T1  - Jupiter Cloud Composition, Stratification, Convection, and Wave Motion: A View from New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 223
EP  - 225
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Several observations of Jupiter's atmosphere made by instruments on the New Horizons spacecraft have implications for the stability and dynamics of Jupiter's weather layer. Mesoscale waves, first seen by Voyager, have been observed at a spatial resolution of 11 to 45 kilometers. These waves have a 300-kilometer wavelength and phase velocities greater than the local zonal flow by 100 meters per second, much higher than predicted by models. Additionally, infrared spectral measurements over five successive Jupiter rotations at spatial resolutions of 200 to 140 kilometers have shown the development of transient ammonia ice clouds (lifetimes of 40 hours or less) in regions of strong atmospheric upwelling. Both of these phenomena serve as probes of atmospheric dynamics below the visible cloud tops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC waves
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - AMMONIA
N1  - Accession Number: 27182093; Reuter, D. C. 1; Email Address: dennis.c.reuter@nasa.gov Simon-Miller, A. A. 1 Lunsford, A. 1 Baines, K. H. 2 Cheng, A. F. 3,4 Jennings, D. E. 1 Olkin, C. B. 5 Spencer, J. R. 5 Stern, S. A. 4 Weaver, H. A. 3 Young, L. A. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: NASA Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA  5: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Source Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p223; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC waves; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: AMMONIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147618
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27182093&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Simon-Miller, Amy A.
AU  - Orton, Glenn S.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Lunsford, Allen
AU  - Momary, Thomas W.
AU  - Spencer, John
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Reuter, Dennis C.
AU  - Jennings, Donald E.
AU  - Gladstone, G. R.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Throop, Henry
AU  - Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma
AU  - Fisher, Brendan M.
AU  - Hora, Joseph
AU  - Ressler, Michael E.
T1  - Polar Lightning and Decadal-Scale Cloud Variability on Jupiter.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 226
EP  - 229
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Although lightning has been seen on other planets, including Jupiter, polar lightning has been known only on Earth. Optical observations from the New Horizons spacecraft have identified lightning at high latitudes above Jupiter up to 80°N and 74°S. Lightning rates and optical powers were similar at each pole, and the mean optical flux is comparable to that at nonpolar latitudes, which is consistent with the notion that internal heat is the main driver of convection. Both near-infrared and ground-based 5-micrometer thermal imagery reveal that cloud cover has thinned substantially since the 2000 Cassini flyby, particularly in the turbulent wake of the Great Red Spot and in the southern half of the equatorial region, demonstrating that vertical dynamical processes are time-varying on seasonal scales at mid- and low latitudes on Jupiter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHTNING
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - SPACE heaters
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
N1  - Accession Number: 27182094; Baines, Kevin H. 1 Simon-Miller, Amy A. 2 Orton, Glenn S. 1 Weaver, Harold A. 3 Lunsford, Allen 2 Momary, Thomas W. 1 Spencer, John 4 Cheng, Andrew F. 3 Reuter, Dennis C. 2 Jennings, Donald E. 4 Gladstone, G. R. 5 Moore, Jeffrey 6 Stern, S. Alan 7 Young, Leslie A. 4 Throop, Henry 4 Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma 1 Fisher, Brendan M. 1 Hora, Joseph 8 Ressler, Michael E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109, USA  2: NASN/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 1110 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238. USA  6: NASN/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  7: NASA Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA  8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astro- physics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p226; Subject Term: LIGHTNING; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: SPACE heaters; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335210 Small Electrical Appliance Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147912
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Showalter, Mark R.
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Stern, s. Alan
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Throop, Henry B.
AU  - Birath, Emma M.
AU  - Rose, Debi
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Clump Detections and Limits on Moons in Jupiter's Ring System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 232
EP  - 234
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The dusty jovian ring system must be replenished continuously from embedded source bodies. The New Horizons spacecraft has performed a comprehensive search for kilometer-sized moons within the system, which might have revealed the Larger members of this population. No new moons were found, however, indicating a sharp cutoff in the population of jovian bodies smaller than 8-kilometer-radius Adrastea. However, the search revealed two families of clumps in the main ring: one close pair and one cluster of three to five. All orbit within a brighter ringlet just interior to Adrastea. Their properties are very different from those of the few other clumpy rings known; the origin and nonrandom distribution of these features remain unexplained, but resonant confinement by Metis may play a role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - PLANETARY rings
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - MOON
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - CLUMPS (Information retrieval)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - JOHNS Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory
N1  - Accession Number: 27182096; Showalter, Mark R. 1; Email Address: mshowalter@seti.org Cheng, Andrew F. 2,3 Weaver, Harold A. 3,4 Stern, s. Alan 2 Spencer, John R. 5 Throop, Henry B. 5 Birath, Emma M. 5 Rose, Debi 4 Moore, Jeffrey M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA  3: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: Synthsys-D, 1200 South Riverbend Court, Superior, CO 80027, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p232; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: PLANETARY rings; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: CLUMPS (Information retrieval); Subject Term: OUTER space; Company/Entity: JOHNS Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147647
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27182096&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grundy, W. M.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Cheng, A. F.
AU  - Emery, J. P.
AU  - Lunsford, A.
AU  - McKinnon, W. B.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Newman, S. F.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Reuter, D. C.
AU  - Schenk, P. M.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Throop, H. B.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
T1  - New Horizons Mapping of Europa and Ganymede.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 234
EP  - 237
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The New Horizons spacecraft observed Jupiters icy satellites Europa and Ganymede during its flyby in February and March 2007 at visible and infrared wavelengths. Infrared spectral images map H2O ice absorption and hydrated contaminants, bolstering the case for an exogenous source of Europas ‘non-ice’ surface material and filling large gaps in compositional maps of Ganymedes Jupiter-facing hemisphere. Visual wavelength images of Europa extend knowledge of its global pattern of arcuate troughs and show that its surface scatters light more isotropically than other icy satellites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
KW  - GANYMEDE (Satellite)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - CARTOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 27182097; Grundy, W. M. 1; Email Address: w.grundy@lowell.edu Buratti, B. J. 2 Cheng, A. F. 3 Emery, J. P. 4 Lunsford, A. 5 McKinnon, W. B. 6 Moore, J. M. 7 Newman, S. F. 2 Olkin, C. B. 8 Reuter, D. C. 5 Schenk, P. M. 9 Spencer, J. R. 8 Stern, S. A. 10 Throop, H. B. 8 Weaver, H. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Wars HILL Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Washington University, Campus Box 1169, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MD 63130, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 9403S, USA  8: Deparlment of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boufder, CO 80302, USA  9: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA  10: NASA Science Mission Directorate, NASA Head- quarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p234; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Subject Term: GANYMEDE (Satellite); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147623
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27182097&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Cheng, A. F.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Reuter, D. C.
AU  - Retherford, K.
AU  - Lunsford, A.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Abramov, O.
AU  - Lopes, R. M. C.
AU  - Perry, J. E.
AU  - Kamp, L.
AU  - Showalter, M.
AU  - Jessup, K. L.
AU  - Marchis, F.
AU  - Schenk, P. M.
AU  - Dumas, C.
T1  - lo Volcanism Seen by New Horizons: A Major Eruption of the Tvashtar Volcano.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/10/12/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5848
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 243
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Jupiter's moon Io is known to host active volcanoes. In February and March 2007, the New Horizons spacecraft obtained a global snapshot of Io's volcanism. A 350-kilometer-high volcanic plume was seen to emanate from the Tvashtar volcano (62°N, 122°W), and its motion was observed. The plume's morphology and dynamics support nonballistic models of large Io plumes and also suggest that most visible plume particles condensed within the plume rather than being ejected from the source. In images taken in Jupiter eclipse, nonthermal visible-wavelength emission was seen from individual volcanoes near Io's sub-Jupiter and anti-Jupiter points. Near-infrared emission from the brightest volcanoes indicates minimum magma temperatures in the 1150- to 1335-kelvin range, consistent with basaltic composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOON
KW  - PLANETARY volcanoes
KW  - VOLCANISM
KW  - VOLCANIC plumes
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - JOHNS Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory
N1  - Accession Number: 27182099; Spencer, J. R. 1; Email Address: spencer@boulder.swri.edu Stern, S. A. 2 Cheng, A. F. 2 Weaver, H. A. 3 Reuter, D. C. 4 Retherford, K. 5 Lunsford, A. 4 Moore, J. M. 6 Abramov, O. 1 Lopes, R. M. C. 7 Perry, J. E. 8 Kamp, L. 7 Showalter, M. 9 Jessup, K. L. 1 Marchis, F. 9 Schenk, P. M. 10 Dumas, C. 11; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA  3: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, Post Office Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  9: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  10: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA  11: European Southern Observatory, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile; Source Info: 10/12/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5848, p240; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: PLANETARY volcanoes; Subject Term: VOLCANISM; Subject Term: VOLCANIC plumes; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Company/Entity: JOHNS Hopkins University. Applied Physics Laboratory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1147621
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27182099&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Nealy, J.E.
AU  - Dachev, Ts.P.
AU  - Tomov, B.T.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Atwell, W.
AU  - Leutke, N.
T1  - Time serial analysis of the induced LEO environment within the ISS 6A
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/10/15/
VL  - 40
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1562
EP  - 1570
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Anisotropies in the low Earth orbit (LEO) radiation environment were found to influence the thermoluminescence detectors (TLD) dose within the (International Space Station) ISS 7A Service Module. Subsequently, anisotropic environmental models with improved dynamic time extrapolation have been developed including westward and northern drifts using AP8 Min & Max as estimates of the historic spatial distribution of trapped protons in the 1965 and 1970 era, respectively. In addition, a directional dependent geomagnetic cutoff model was derived for geomagnetic field configurations from the 1945 to 2020 time frame. A dynamic neutron albedo model based on our atmospheric radiation studies has likewise been required to explain LEO neutron measurements. The simultaneous measurements of dose and dose rate using four Liulin instruments at various locations in the US LAB and Node 1 has experimentally demonstrated anisotropic effects in ISS 6A and are used herein to evaluate the adequacy of these revised environmental models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Trapped models’ shielding
N1  - Accession Number: 27364060; Wilson, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.wilson@nasa.gov Nealy, J.E. 2 Dachev, Ts.P. 3 Tomov, B.T. 3 Cucinotta, F.A. 4 Badavi, F.F. 5 De Angelis, G. 2,6 Atwell, W. 7 Leutke, N. 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA  3: Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St. Block 3, Sofia, Bulgaria  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  5: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  6: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161, Rome, Italy  7: The Boeing Company, Houston, TX 77058, USA  8: Swales Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23866, USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 40 Issue 11, p1562; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trapped models’ shielding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27364060&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nealy, J.E.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - Dachev, Ts.P.
AU  - Tomov, B.T.
AU  - Walker, S.A.
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Atwell, W.
T1  - Pre-engineering spaceflight validation of environmental models and the 2005 HZETRN simulation code
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/10/15/
VL  - 40
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1593
EP  - 1610
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The HZETRN code has been identified by NASA for engineering design in the next phase of space exploration highlighting a return to the Moon in preparation for a Mars mission. In response, a new series of algorithms beginning with 2005 HZETRN, will be issued by correcting some prior limitations and improving control of propagated errors along with established code verification processes. Code validation processes will use new/improved low Earth orbit (LEO) environmental models with a recently improved International Space Station (ISS) shield model to validate computational models and procedures using measured data aboard ISS. These validated models will provide a basis for flight-testing the designs of future space vehicles and systems of the Constellation program in the LEO environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Measurements
KW  - Models
KW  - Shielding
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 27364065; Nealy, J.E. 1 Cucinotta, F.A. 2 Wilson, J.W. 3; Email Address: john.w.wilson@nasa.gov Badavi, F.F. 4 Dachev, Ts.P. 5 Tomov, B.T. 5 Walker, S.A. 1 De Angelis, G. 1,6 Blattnig, S.R. 3 Atwell, W. 7; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  5: Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., Block 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria  6: Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy  7: The Boeing Company, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 40 Issue 11, p1593; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casolino, M.
AU  - Altamura, F.
AU  - Minori, M.
AU  - Picozza, P.
AU  - Fuglesang, C.
AU  - Galper, A.
AU  - Popov, A.
AU  - Benghin, V.
AU  - Petrov, V.M.
AU  - Nagamatsu, A.
AU  - Berger, T.
AU  - Reitz, G.
AU  - Durante, M.
AU  - Pugliese, M.
AU  - Roca, V.
AU  - Sihver, L.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.
AU  - Semones, E.
AU  - Shavers, M.
AU  - Guarnieri, V.
T1  - The Altcriss project on board the International Space Station
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2007/10/15/
VL  - 40
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1746
EP  - 1753
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The Altcriss project aims to perform a long term survey of the radiation environment on board the International Space Station. Measurements are being performed with active and passive devices in different locations and orientations of the Russian segment of the station. The goal is to perform a detailed evaluation of the differences in particle fluence and nuclear composition due to different shielding material and attitude of the station. The Sileye-3/Alteino detector is used to identify nuclei up to Iron in the energy range above ≃60MeV/n. Several passive dosimeters (TLDs, CR39) are also placed in the same location of Sileye-3 detector. Polyethylene shielding is periodically interposed in front of the detectors to evaluate the effectiveness of shielding on the nuclear component of the cosmic radiation. The project was submitted to ESA in reply to the AO in the Life and Physical Science of 2004 and data taking began in December 2005. Dosimeters and data cards are rotated every 6 months: up to now three launches of dosimeters and data cards have been performed and have been returned with the end of expedition 12 and 13. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Nuclear abundances
KW  - Radiation shielding
N1  - Accession Number: 27364083; Casolino, M. 1; Email Address: casolino@roma2.infn.it Altamura, F. 1 Minori, M. 1 Picozza, P. 1 Fuglesang, C. 2 Galper, A. 3 Popov, A. 3 Benghin, V. 4 Petrov, V.M. 4 Nagamatsu, A. 5 Berger, T. 6 Reitz, G. 6 Durante, M. 7 Pugliese, M. 7 Roca, V. 7 Sihver, L. 8 Cucinotta, F. 9 Semones, E. 9 Shavers, M. 10 Guarnieri, V. 11; Affiliation:  1: INFN and University of Rome Tor Vergata, Department of Physics,Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy  2: European Astronaut Centre, ESA, Cologne, Germany  3: Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia  4: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia  5: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Japan  6: DLR, Aerospace Medicine, Radiation Biology, Cologne, Germany  7: University Federico II, and INFN Napoli, Italy  8: Department of Nuclear Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden  9: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B Johnson Space Centre, Houston, TX, USA  10: Radiation Biophysics Laboratory, Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA  11: Alcatel Alenia Space Italia, Torino, Italy; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 40 Issue 11, p1746; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation shielding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas B.  Gatski
AU  - Christopher L.  Rumsey
AU  - RÃ©mi  Manceau
T1  - Current trends in modelling research for turbulent aerodynamic flows.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2007/10/15/
VL  - 365
IS  - 1859
M3  - Article
SP  - 2389
EP  - 2418
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - The engineering tools of choice for the computation of practical engineering flows have begun to migrate from those based on the traditional Reynolds-averaged NavierâStokes approach to methodologies capable, in theory if not in practice, of accurately predicting some instantaneous scales of motion in the flow. The migration has largely been driven by both the success of Reynolds-averaged methods over a wide variety of flows and the inherent limitations of the method itself. Practitioners, emboldened by their ability to predict a wide variety of statistically steady equilibrium turbulent flows, have now turned their attention to flow control and non-equilibrium flows, i.e. separation control. This review gives some current priorities in traditional Reynolds-averaged modelling research as well as some methodologies being applied to a new class of turbulent flow control problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 26418479; Thomas B.  Gatski 1 Christopher L.  Rumsey 2 RÃ©mi  Manceau 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire d'Ãtudes AÃ©rodynamiques, UMR 6609 CNRS/UniversitÃ© de Poitiers/ENSMA, BP 30179, 86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex, France  2: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Laboratoire d'Ãtudes AÃ©rodynamiques, UMR 6609 CNRS/UniversitÃ© de Poitiers/ENSMA, BP 30179, 86962 Futuroscope Chasseneuil Cedex, France; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 365 Issue 1859, p2389; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - R.E.  Bartels
AU  - A.I.  Sayma
T1  - Computational aeroelastic modelling of airframes and turbomachinery: progress and challenges.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2007/10/15/
VL  - 365
IS  - 1859
M3  - Article
SP  - 2469
EP  - 2499
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - Computational analyses such as computational fluid dynamics and computational structural dynamics have made major advances towards maturity as engineering tools. Computational aeroelasticity (CAE) is the integration of these disciplines. As CAE matures, it also finds an increasing role in the design and analysis of aerospace vehicles. This paper presents a survey of the current state of CAE with a discussion of recent research, success and continuing challenges in its progressive integration into multidisciplinary aerospace design. It approaches CAE from the perspective of the two main areas of application: airframe and turbomachinery design. An overview will be presented of the different prediction methods used for each field of application. Differing levels of nonlinear modelling will be discussed with insight into accuracy versus complexity and computational requirements. Subjects will include current advanced methods (linear and nonlinear), nonlinear flow models, use of order reduction techniques and future trends in incorporating structural nonlinearity. Examples in which CAE is currently being integrated into the design of airframes and turbomachinery will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMPUTER-aided engineering
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - SPACE environment
N1  - Accession Number: 26418477; R.E.  Bartels 1 A.I.  Sayma 2; Affiliation:  1: Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Thermo-Fluid Mechanics Research Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QT, UK; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 365 Issue 1859, p2469; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided engineering; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: SPACE environment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lisse, C. M.
AU  - Sykes, M. V.
AU  - Trilling, D.
AU  - Emery, J.
AU  - Fernandez, Y.
AU  - Hammel, H. B.
AU  - Bhattacharya, B.
AU  - Ryan, E.
AU  - Stansberry, J.
T1  - Planetary Science Goals for the Spitzer Warm Era.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/10/18/
VL  - 943
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 212
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The overarching goal of planetary astronomy is to deduce how the present collection of objects found in our Solar System were formed from the original material present in the proto-solar nebula. As over two hundred exo-planetary systems are now known, and multitudes more are expected, the Solar System represents the closest and best system which we can study, and the only one in which we can clearly resolve individual bodies other than planets. In this White Paper we demonstrate how to use Spitzer Space Telescope InfraRed Array Camera Channels 1 and 2 (3.6 and 4.5 μm) imaging photometry with large dedicated surveys to advance our knowledge of Solar System formation and evolution. There are a number of vital, key projects to be pursued using dedicated large programs that have not been pursued during the five years of Spitzer cold operations. We present a number of the largest and most important projects here; more will certainly be proposed once the warm era has begun, including important observations of newly discovered objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - asteroids
KW  - infrared astronomical observations
KW  - Kuiper Belt objects
KW  - Spitzer Space Telescope
KW  - trans-Neptunian objects
N1  - Accession Number: 27148608; Lisse, C. M. 1 Sykes, M. V. 2 Trilling, D. 3 Emery, J. 4 Fernandez, Y. 5 Hammel, H. B. 6 Bhattacharya, B. 7 Ryan, E. 8 Stansberry, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Exploration Group, Space Department, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723, USA  2: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell Rd, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  3: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL, 32816-2385, USA  6: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  7: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Source Info: 10/18/2007, Vol. 943 Issue 1, p184; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared astronomical observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper Belt objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spitzer Space Telescope; Author-Supplied Keyword: trans-Neptunian objects; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2806779
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunyou Wang
AU  - Huo, Winifred M.
T1  - An eight-degree-of-freedom, time-dependent quantum dynamics study for the H2+C2H reaction on a new modified potential energy surface.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2007/10/21/
VL  - 127
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 154304
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - An eight-dimensional time-dependent quantum dynamics wave packet approach is performed for the study of the H2+C2H→H+C2H2 reaction system on a new modified potential energy surface (PES) [L.-P. Ju et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 409, 249 (2005)]. This new potential energy surface is obtained by modifying Wang and Bowman’s old PES [J. Chem. Phys. 101, 8646 (1994)] based on the new ab initio calculation. This new modified PES has a much lower transition state barrier height at 2.29 kcal/mol than Wang and Bowman’s old PES at 4.3 kcal/mol. This study shows that the reactivity for this diatom-triatom reaction system is enhanced by vibrational excitations of H2, whereas the vibrational excitations of C2H only have a small effect on the reactivity. Furthermore, the bending excitations of C2H, compared to the ground state reaction probability, hinder the reactivity. The comparison of the rate constant between this calculation and experimental results agrees with each other very well. This comparison indicates that the new modified PES corrects the large barrier height problem in Wang and Bowman’s old PES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - CHEMICAL systems
KW  - CHEMICAL structure
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - CHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 27183120; Dunyou Wang 1; Email Address: dunyou.wang@pnl.gov Huo, Winifred M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS-IN: K8-91, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/21/2007, Vol. 127 Issue 15, p154304; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: CHEMICAL systems; Subject Term: CHEMICAL structure; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2794757
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cress, Cory D.
AU  - Hubbard, Seth M.
AU  - Landi, Brian J.
AU  - Raffaelle, Ryne P.
AU  - Wilt, David M.
T1  - Quantum dot solar cell tolerance to alpha-particle irradiation.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2007/10/29/
VL  - 91
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 183108
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The effects of alpha-particle irradiation on an InAs quantum dot (QD) array and GaAs-based InAs QD solar cells were investigated. Using photoluminescence (PL) mapping, the PL intensity at 872 and 1120 nm, corresponding to bulk GaAs and InAs QD emissions, respectively, were measured for a five-layer InAs QD array which had a spatially varying total alpha-particle dose. The spectral response and normalized current-voltage parameters of the solar cells, measured as a function of alpha-particle fluence, were used to investigate the change in device performance between GaAs solar cells with and without InAs QDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - SPECTRAL sensitivity
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide
KW  - INDIUM arsenide
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 27457873; Cress, Cory D. 1 Hubbard, Seth M. 1 Landi, Brian J. 1 Raffaelle, Ryne P. 1 Wilt, David M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NanoPower Research Laboratories and Microsystems Engineering Department, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 10/29/2007, Vol. 91 Issue 18, p183108; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: SPECTRAL sensitivity; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide; Subject Term: INDIUM arsenide; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2803854
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pint, Cary
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
T1  - Atomistic simulation of Fe deposition and alloy formation on Pt substrates
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2007/10/31/
VL  - 254
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 95
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Fe–Pt alloys are of significant importance toward future applications of high-density magnetic recording media. In this work, we apply the BFS method for alloys to study the energetic pathway for subsurface Fe–Pt alloy formation upon deposition of Fe atoms on Pt(100), Pt(111), and vicinal Pt(997) substrates. The simulation results indicate preference for Fe atoms to occupy sites in the Pt subsurface layers and form an ordered alloy phase upon deposition on a low-index Pt surface. This behavior results in Pt surface segregation leading to nucleation of 3D Pt islands. However, the energetics behind deposition of Fe on Pt(997) indicate that Fe atoms prefer decoration of Pt step edges prior to formation of the ordered Fe–Pt surface alloy, where the ordered alloy is observed to form at the edges of the monoatomic surface steps. In each case presented here, the results are in agreement with experiment, and the formation of a Fe–Pt subsurface alloy is explained by a simple analysis emerging from the competition between BFS strain and chemical energy contributions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Semi-empirical methods
KW  - Surface segregation
N1  - Accession Number: 27049567; Pint, Cary 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2,3; Email Address: GuillermoBozzolo@oai.org Garcés, Jorge E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  4: Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 254 Issue 1, p92; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface segregation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.07.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Canzian, Adrian
AU  - Mosca, Hugo
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
T1  - Modeling of the deposition of Ni and Pd on Mo(110)
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2007/10/31/
VL  - 254
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 392
EP  - 396
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Recent experimental work on the deposition of fcc metals on a bcc substrate motivates this atomistic modeling analysis of Ni and Pd deposition on Mo(110). A detailed atom-by-atom analysis of the early stages of growth, focusing on the formation of surface alloys and 3D islands is presented, identifying the interactions leading to each type of behavior. Further analysis describes the growth pattern as a function of coverage. Temperature effects are studied via Monte Carlo simulations using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys for the energetics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS
KW  - CHROMIUM group
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Molybdenum
KW  - Nickel
KW  - Palladium
KW  - Semi-empirical methods
N1  - Accession Number: 27049636; Canzian, Adrian 1 Mosca, Hugo 1,2 Bozzolo, Guillermo 3,4; Email Address: Guillermo.H.Bozzolo@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Grupo de Caracterización y Modelación de Materiales, UTN, FRGP, H. Yrigoyen 288, (B1617FRP) Gral. Pacheco, Argentina  2: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, U.A. Física, Av. Gral Paz 1499, (B1650KNA) San Martín, Argentina  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Oct2007, Vol. 254 Issue 1, p392; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: CHROMIUM group; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molybdenum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.07.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
AU  - Dahl, M. D.
T1  - Noise and Spreading of Subsonic Coannular Jets--Comparison with Single Equivalent Jet.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 45
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2661
EP  - 2661
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The issue of scaling of noise as well as spreading of subsonic coannular jets is revisited. Far-field noise and centerline pitot-static pressure surveys are conducted with concentric, circular nozzles having an outer-to-inner diameter ratio of 1.42. Both the inner nozzle and the outer annular passage are convergent. Outer-to-inner Mach number ratio R is varied over a large range from 0 to about 10. Results are examined on the basis of single equivalent jet parameters calculated by satisfying continuity, momentum, and energy equations. The results confirm that coannular jets with "normal" velocity profiles are noisier than the equivalent jet. Jets with "inverted" velocity profiles are also found to be noisier except in the R range of 1-1.5. There, a few cases exhibit lower intensities (by a fraction of a dB) relative to the intensity at R = 1. However, other run conditions exhibit the lowest intensity at R = 1. Thus, the present data with unheated flow and the given nozzle geometry do not clearly exhibit noise reduction with the inverted velocity profile jets. For the flowfield, the asymptotic Mach number decay rates as well as the potential core lengths are found to be comparable to those of the equivalent jet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SPEED
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - NOISE
N1  - Accession Number: 27555869; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1,2 Dahl, M. D. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 45 Issue 11, p2661; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: NOISE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.29441
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shang, J. S.
AU  - Chang, C. L.
AU  - Surzhikov, S. T.
T1  - Simulating Hypersonic Magnetofluid-Dynamic Compression in Rectangular Inlet.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 45
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2710
EP  - 2710
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The combined effects of an electromagnetic perturbation and viscous-inviscid interaction generate a high-pressure plateau near the hypersonic leading edge surface. The surface pressure induced by magnetofluid-dynamic interaction emulates a movable leading edge strake. This phenomenon has been verified in experimental research, which shows that a direct current surface discharge becomes a virtual compression ramp for flow control. More recently, investigation has extended to a rectangular hypersonic inlet. The present analysis solves the magnetofluid-dynamic equations using weakly ionized gas models, including the formulation based on the drift-diffusion theory. The numerical simulation provides a detailed description of the intriguing magnetofluid-dynamic interacting flowfield. After validation by experimental measurements, the computed results quantify the effectiveness of a magnetofluid-dynamic compression for a hypersonic inlet. Applying a plasma generation power input to a direct current surface discharge of 7.87 W per square centimeter of electrode area, the interaction produces an 11.7% higher compression of a constant cross-section inlet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 27555861; Shang, J. S. 1,2; Email Address: Joseph.shang@wright.edu Chang, C. L. 3,4 Surzhikov, S. T. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435  2: Fellow, AIAA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA  5: Russian Academy of Sciences, 119526, Moscow, Russia; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 45 Issue 11, p2710; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26086
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, N. P.
AU  - Walsh, B. M.
AU  - Reichle, D. J.
AU  - DeYoung, R. J.
AU  - Jiang, Shibin
T1  - Tm:germanate fiber laser: tuning and Q-switching.
JO  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
JF  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 89
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 304
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09462171
AB  - A Tm:germanate fiber laser produced >0.25 mJ/ pulse in a 45 ns pulse. It is capable of producing multiple Q-switched pulses from a single pump pulse. With the addition of a diffraction grating, Tm:germanate fiber lasers produced a wide, but length dependent, tuning range. By selecting the fiber length, the tuning range extends from 1.88 to 2.04 μm. These traits make Tm:germanate lasers suitable for remote sensing of water vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR optics
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - DIFFRACTION gratings
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - LIGHT sources
KW  - LIGHT amplifiers
N1  - Accession Number: 27336827; Barnes, N. P. 1; Email Address: n.p.barnes@larc.nasa.gov Walsh, B. M. 1 Reichle, D. J. 1 DeYoung, R. J. 1 Jiang, Shibin 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NP Photonics, Tucson, AZ, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 89 Issue 2/3, p299; Subject Term: NONLINEAR optics; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: DIFFRACTION gratings; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Subject Term: LIGHT amplifiers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00340-007-2794-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marcy, T.P.
AU  - Popp, P.J.
AU  - Gao, R.S.
AU  - Fahey, D.W.
AU  - Ray, E.A.
AU  - Richard, E.C.
AU  - Thompson, T.L.
AU  - Atlas, E.L.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Wofsy, S.C.
AU  - Park, S.
AU  - Weinstock, E.M.
AU  - Swartz, W.H.
AU  - Mahoney, M.J.
T1  - Measurements of trace gases in the tropical tropopause layer
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 7253
EP  - 7261
SN  - 13522310
AB  - A unique dataset of airborne in situ observations of HCl, O3, HNO3, H2O, CO, CO2 and CH3Cl has been made in and near the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). A total of 16 profiles across the tropopause were obtained at latitudes between 10°N and 3°S from the NASA WB-57F high-altitude aircraft flying from Costa Rica. Few in situ measurements of these gases, particularly HCl and HNO3, have been reported for the TTL. The general features of the trace gas vertical profiles are consistent with the concept of the TTL as distinct from the lower troposphere and lower stratosphere. A combination of the tracer profiles and correlations with O3 is used to show that a measurable amount of stratospheric air is mixed into this region. The HCl measurements offer an important constraint on stratospheric mixing into the TTL because once the contribution from halocarbon decomposition is quantified, the remaining HCl (>60% in this study) must have a stratospheric source. Stratospheric HCl in the TTL brings with it a proportional amount of stratospheric O3. Quantifying the sources of O3 in the TTL is important because O3 is particularly effective as a greenhouse gas in the tropopause region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution -- Measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - HYDROCHLORIC acid
KW  - OZONE
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - Hydrochloric acid
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Tropical
KW  - Tropopause
N1  - Accession Number: 26844125; Marcy, T.P. 1,2; Email Address: tpmarcy@hotmail.com Popp, P.J. 1,2 Gao, R.S. 1 Fahey, D.W. 1,2 Ray, E.A. 1,2 Richard, E.C. 3 Thompson, T.L. 1 Atlas, E.L. 4 Loewenstein, M. 5 Wofsy, S.C. 6 Park, S. 6 Weinstock, E.M. 7 Swartz, W.H. 8 Mahoney, M.J. 9; Affiliation:  1: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: National Institute for Global and Environmental Change, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  7: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 41 Issue 34, p7253; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: HYDROCHLORIC acid; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrochloric acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropopause; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, Xidong
AU  - Tao, Gang
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
T1  - Adaptive actuator failure compensation for nonlinear MIMO systems with an aircraft control application
JO  - Automatica
JF  - Automatica
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1869
EP  - 1883
SN  - 00051098
AB  - Abstract: A direct adaptive approach is developed for control of a class of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems in the presence of uncertain failures of redundant actuators. An adaptive failure compensation controller is designed which is capable of accommodating uncertainties in actuator failure time instants, values and patterns. A realistic situation is studied with fixed grouping of actuators and proportional actuation within actuator groups. The adaptive control system is analyzed, to show its desired stability and asymptotic tracking properties in the presence of actuator failure uncertainties. As an application, such an adaptive controller is used for actuator failure compensation of a twin otter aircraft longitudinal model, with design conditions verified and control structure and adaptive laws developed for a nonlinear aircraft dynamic model. The effectiveness of adaptive failure compensation is demonstrated by simulation results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Automatica is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - RATE gyroscopes
KW  - Actuator failure
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Backstepping
KW  - Multivariable systems
KW  - Nonlinear control
N1  - Accession Number: 27154655; Tang, Xidong 1; Email Address: xidong.tang@gm.com Tao, Gang 2; Email Address: gt9s@virginia.edu Joshi, Suresh M. 3; Email Address: s.m.joshi@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: GM R&D and Planning, Mail Code 480-106-390, Warren, MI 48090, USA  2: Department of ECE, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  3: Mail Stop 308, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 43 Issue 11, p1869; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: RATE gyroscopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuator failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backstepping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariable systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear control; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.automatica.2007.03.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grundy, W.M.
AU  - Stansberry, J.A.
AU  - Noll, K.S.
AU  - Stephens, D.C.
AU  - Trilling, D.E.
AU  - Kern, S.D.
AU  - Spencer, J.R.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Levison, H.F.
T1  - The orbit, mass, size, albedo, and density of (65489) Ceto/Phorcys: A tidally-evolved binary Centaur
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 191
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 286
EP  - 297
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Hubble Space Telescope observations of Uranus- and Neptune-crossing object (65489) Ceto/Phorcys (provisionally designated 2003 FX128) reveal it to be a close binary system. The mutual orbit has a period of days and a semimajor axis of . These values enable computation of a system mass of . Spitzer Space Telescope observations of thermal emission at 24 and 70 μm are combined with visible photometry to constrain the system''s effective radius and geometric albedo . We estimate the average bulk density to be , consistent with ice plus rocky and/or carbonaceous materials. This density contrasts with lower densities recently measured with the same technique for three other comparably-sized outer Solar System binaries (617) Patroclus, (26308) 1998 SM165, and (47171) 1999 TC36, and is closer to the density of the saturnian irregular satellite Phoebe. The mutual orbit of Ceto and Phorcys is nearly circular, with an eccentricity ⩽0.015. This observation is consistent with calculations suggesting that the system should tidally evolve on a timescale shorter than the age of the Solar System. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - 65489 Ceto (Astronomy)
KW  - PHORCYS (Satellite)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - MILKY Way
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - PLANETARY science
KW  - Centaurs
KW  - Kuiper belt
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Trans-neptunian objects
N1  - Accession Number: 27139846; Grundy, W.M. 1; Email Address: w.grundy@lowell.edu Stansberry, J.A. 2 Noll, K.S. 3 Stephens, D.C. 4 Trilling, D.E. 2 Kern, S.D. 3 Spencer, J.R. 5 Cruikshank, D.P. 6 Levison, H.F. 5; Affiliation:  1: Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Rd., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  2: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St. #400, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 191 Issue 1, p286; Subject Term: 65489 Ceto (Astronomy); Subject Term: PHORCYS (Satellite); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: MILKY Way; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: PLANETARY science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centaurs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trans-neptunian objects; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brunetto, Rosario
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Marra, Anna Cinzia
AU  - Orofino, Vincenzo
T1  - Optical characterization of laser ablated silicates
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 191
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 381
EP  - 393
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We perform an optical characterization of UV laser ablated silicates (olivine, pyroxene), starting from their reflectance spectra in the 0.3–2.5 μm spectral range. The goal is to provide useful tools to model space weathering effects on surfaces of asteroids and TNOs (trans-neptunian objects). We determine that the reddening and darkening spectral trend is compatible with the Hapke''s space weathering model, using the optical constants of metallic iron in a silicate matrix. This result is supported by new magnetic susceptibility measurements on laser ablated orthopyroxene. We also investigate the potential contribution of formation of amorphous silicates in the process. Applying our results to silicate-rich surfaces in the Solar System, we investigate the possibility of a weathered olivine component on the surface of Centaur 5145 Pholus. Inclusion of this component slightly decreases the amount of complex organics and water ice from those previously estimated. Thus, the current Pholus spectrum is consistent with the presence of either unweathered or weathered olivine, or potentially both materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ROCK-forming minerals
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Centaurs
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - surfaces ( Asteroids )
N1  - Accession Number: 27139854; Brunetto, Rosario 1,2; Email Address: rosario.brunetto@le.infn.it Roush, Ted L. 3 Marra, Anna Cinzia 1 Orofino, Vincenzo 1; Affiliation:  1: Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Lecce, via Arnesano, I-73100 Lecce, Italy  2: INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 191 Issue 1, p381; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ROCK-forming minerals; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centaurs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces ( Asteroids ); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.04.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Sulima, Oleg V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - 2.4-μm-Cutoff AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb Phototransistors for Shortwave-IR Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 54
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2837
EP  - 2842
SN  - 00189383
AB  - Shortwave-infrared (IR) detectors are critical for several applications, including remote sensing and optical communications. Several detectors are commercially available for this wavelength range, but they lack sufficient gain that limits their detectivity. The characterization results of AlGaAsSb/InGaAsSb phototransistors for shortwave-IR application are reported. The phototransistors are grown using molecular beam epitaxy technique. Spectral-response measurements showed a uniform responsivity between 1.2- and 2.4-μm region with a mean value of 1000 MW. A maximum detectivity of 3.4 × 1011 cm∙Hz½/W was obtained at 2 μm at -20 °C and 1.3 V. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC waves
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - INFRARED technology
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - HETEROJUNCTIONS
KW  - Characterization
KW  - heterojunction
KW  - infrared (IR)
KW  - phototransistor
N1  - Accession Number: 27345949; Refaat, Tamer F. 1; Email Address: trefaat@jlab.org Abedin, M. Nurul 2 Sulima, Oleg V. 3 Ismail, Syed 4 Singh, Upendra N. 5; Affiliation:  1: Applied Research Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23606 USA  2: Remote Sensing Flight Systems Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA  3: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA  4: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA  5: Systems Engineering Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 54 Issue 11, p2837; Subject Term: ELECTRIC waves; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: INFRARED technology; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: HETEROJUNCTIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: heterojunction; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared (IR); Author-Supplied Keyword: phototransistor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2007.907145
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Hui
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Assessment of dimensionless CHF correlations for subcooled flow boiling in microgravity and Earth gravity
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 23/24
M3  - Article
SP  - 4568
EP  - 4580
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: A comprehensive review and analysis of prior subcooled flow boiling CHF correlations was conducted to identify those correlations that provide the most accurate predictions for dielectric working fluids and small rectangular flow passages found in electronics cooling applications in both microgravity and Earth gravity. Since most prior correlations were derived from water databases, only those with dimensionless form were deemed potentially suitable for other working fluids. Only a small fraction of these dimensionless correlations were found to tackle other fluids and more complicated flow and heating configurations with acceptable accuracy. These correlations were ranked relative to mean error, mean absolute error, and root mean square error. Better predictions where achieved when correlations were based on the heated diameter rather than the hydraulic diameter because of the ability of the former to better describe vapor development in subcooled flow. Two previous correlations by Hall and Mudawar provided the best overall CHF predictions for both microgravity and Earth gravity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
KW  - WORKING fluids
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - MASS transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 26841623; Zhang, Hui 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 50 Issue 23/24, p4568; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: WORKING fluids; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.03.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tianshu Liu
AU  - Montefort, J.
AU  - Liou, W.
AU  - Pantula, S. R.
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
T1  - Lift Enhancement by Static Extended Trailing Edge.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2007/11//Nov/Dec2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1939
EP  - 1939
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A static extended trailing edge attached to a NACA0012 airfoil section is studied for achieving lift enhancement at a small drag penalty. It is indicated that the thin extended trailing edge can enhance the lift, whereas the zero-lift drag is not significantly increased. Experiments and calculations are conducted to compare the aerodynamic characteristics of the extended trailing edge with those of the Gurney flap and the conventional flap. The extended trailing edge, as a simple mechanical device added on a wing without altering the basic configuration, has a good potential to improve the cruise flight efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - MODEL airplanes -- Wings
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 28340292; Tianshu Liu 1,2; Email Address: tianshu.liu@wmich.edu Montefort, J. 1 Liou, W. 1 Pantula, S. R. 1 Shams, Qamar A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2007, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p1939; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes -- Wings; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.31995
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Bo-Cai Gao
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
T1  - High Cloud Properties from Three Years of MODIS Terra and Aqua Collection-4 Data over the Tropics.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 46
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1840
EP  - 1856
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This study surveys the optical and microphysical properties of high (ice) clouds over the Tropics (30°S–30°N) over a 3-yr period from September 2002 through August 2005. The analyses are based on the gridded level-3 cloud products derived from the measurements acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard both the NASA Earth Observing System Terra and Aqua platforms. The present analysis is based on the MODIS collection-4 data products. The cloud products provide daily, weekly, and monthly mean cloud fraction, cloud optical thickness, cloud effective radius, cloud-top temperature, cloud-top pressure, and cloud effective emissivity, which is defined as the product of cloud emittance and cloud fraction. This study is focused on high-level ice clouds. The MODIS-derived high clouds are classified as cirriform and deep convective clouds using the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) classification scheme. Cirriform clouds make up more than 80% of the total high clouds, whereas deep convective clouds account for less than 20% of the total high clouds. High clouds are prevalent over the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ), the South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ), tropical Africa, the Indian Ocean, tropical America, and South America. Moreover, land–ocean, morning–afternoon, and summer–winter variations of high cloud properties are also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - RADIOMETERS
N1  - Accession Number: 27883738; Gang Hong 1 Ping Yang 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Bo-Cai Gao 2 Baum, Bryan A. 3 Hu, Yong X. 4 King, Michael D. 5 Platnick, Steven 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  2: Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.  3: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 46 Issue 11, p1840; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAMC1583.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iraci, Laura
AU  - Riffel, Brent
AU  - Robinson, Carly
AU  - Michelsen, Rebecca
AU  - Stephenson, Rachel
T1  - The acid catalyzed nitration of methanol: formation of methyl nitrate via aerosol chemistry.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 253
EP  - 266
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - The aqueous phase acid-catalyzed reaction of methanol (CH3OH) with nitric acid (HNO3) to yield methyl nitrate (CH3ONO2) under atmospheric conditions has been investigated using gas-phase infrared spectroscopy. Reactions were conducted in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions (50.5–63.6 wt.%) with [CH3OH] = 0.00005–0.005 M and [HNO3] = 0.02–0.21 M, at 278.2–328.6 K. Methyl nitrate production rates increased linearly with CH3OH and HNO3 concentrations and exponentially with sulfuric acid weight percent within the regime studied. Rates increased linearly with nitronium ion $$\left( {{\text{NO}}_2^ + } \right)$$ concentration, indicating that the reaction involves $${\text{NO}}_2^ + $$ as the nitrating agent under these conditions. At 298 K, the rate of methyl nitrate production can be calculated from k  obs [CH3OH][HNO3], where k  obs  = 2.337 × 10−13(exp(0.3198*wt.% H2SO4)) when the solubility of CH3ONO2 in acidic solution is approximated by H* for pure water. The temperature dependence of the rate coefficient is related to solution composition, with activation energies of 59 and 49 kJ/mol at 51.1 and 63.6 wt.% H2SO4, respectively, when k is calculated from rate $$\left[ {{\text{NO}}_2^ + } \right]^{ - 1} \left[ {{\text{CH}}_3 {\text{OH}}} \right]^{ - 1} $$ . The temperature dependence has also been parameterized for application to the atmosphere, but the small quantities of $${\text{NO}}_2^ + $$ present in aerosol particles will result in methyl nitrate production rates too small to be of significance under most atmospheric conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANOL -- Environmental aspects
KW  - NITRATION
KW  - METHYL groups
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - NITRIC acid
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SULFURIC acid
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on chemical kinetics
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - Acid-catalyzed
KW  - Aerosol chemistry
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Nitration
KW  - Sulfuric acid
N1  - Accession Number: 28000813; Iraci, Laura 1; Email Address: Laura.T.Iraci@NASA.gov Riffel, Brent Robinson, Carly Michelsen, Rebecca Stephenson, Rachel; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Science Branch , NASA Ames Research Center , Mail Stop 245-5 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p253; Subject Term: METHANOL -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: NITRATION; Subject Term: METHYL groups; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: NITRIC acid; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SULFURIC acid; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on chemical kinetics; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acid-catalyzed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alcohol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfuric acid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-007-9091-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, Paul M.
AU  - Nemeth, Michael P.
T1  - Bounds on Flexural Properties and Buckling Response for Symmetrically Laminated Composite Plates.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 133
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1178
EP  - 1191
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 07339399
AB  - Nondimensional parameters and equations governing the buckling behavior of rectangular symmetrically laminated plates are presented that can be used to represent the buckling resistance, for plates made of all known structural materials, in a very general, insightful, and encompassing manner. In addition, these parameters can be used to assess the degree of plate orthotropy, to assess the importance of anisotropy that couples bending and twisting deformations, and to characterize quasi-isotropic laminates quantitatively. Bounds for these nondimensional parameters are also presented that are based on thermodynamics and practical laminate construction considerations. These bounds provide insight into potential gains in buckling resistance through laminate tailoring and composite-material development. As an illustration of this point, upper bounds on the buckling resistance of long rectangular orthotropic plates with simply supported or clamped edges and subjected to uniform axial compression, uniform shear, or pure in-plane bending loads are presented. The results indicate that the maximum gain in buckling resistance for tailored orthotropic laminates, with respect to the corresponding isotropic plate, is in the range of 26–36% for plates with simply supported edges, irrespective of the loading conditions. For the plates with clamped edges, the corresponding gains in buckling resistance are in the range of 9–12% for plates subjected to compression or pure in-plane bending loads and potentially up to 30% for plates subjected to shear loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Mechanics is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering -- Research
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - FLEXURE
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 27061292; Weaver, Paul M. 1; Email Address: paul.weaver@bristol.ac.uk Nemeth, Michael P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s Building, Univ. of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TR, U.K. (corresponding author)  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA.; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 133 Issue 11, p1178; Subject Term: MECHANICAL engineering -- Research; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: FLEXURE; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2007)133:11(1178)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liechty, Derek S.
T1  - Aeroheating Analysis for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with Comparison to Flight Data.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2007/11//Nov/Dec2007
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1226
EP  - 1231
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The aeroheating environment of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has been analyzed using the direct simulation Monte Carlo and free-molecular techniques. The results of these analyses were used to develop an aeroheating database to be used for the preflight planning and the in-flight operations support for the aerobraking phase of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mission. The aeroheating predictions calculated for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter include the heat transfer coefficient (Ca) over a range of angles of attack, side-slip angles, and number densities. The effects of flow chemistry, surface temperature, and surface grid resolution were also investigated to determine the aeroheating database uncertainties. Flight heat flux data has been calculated from surface temperature sensor data returned to Earth from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in orbit around Mars during the aerobraking phase of its mission. The heat flux data have been compared with the aeroheating database and agree favorably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Atmospheric density
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC density
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - ASTRODYNAMICS
KW  - SPACE flight
N1  - Accession Number: 28350387; Liechty, Derek S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2007, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p1226; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Atmospheric density; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC density; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: ASTRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.25843
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Errico, Ronald M.
AU  - Bauer, Peter
AU  - Mahfouf, Jean-François
T1  - Issues Regarding the Assimilation of Cloud and Precipitation Data.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 64
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3785
EP  - 3798
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The assimilation of observations indicative of quantitative cloud and precipitation characteristics is desirable for improving weather forecasts. For many fundamental reasons, it is a more difficult problem than the assimilation of conventional or clear-sky satellite radiance data. These reasons include concerns regarding nonlinearity of the required observation operators (forward models), nonnormality and large variances of representativeness, retrieval, or observation–operator errors, validation using new measures, dynamic and thermodynamic balances, and possibly limited predictability. Some operational weather prediction systems already assimilate precipitation observations, but much more research and development remains. The apparently critical, fundamental, and peculiar nature of many issues regarding cloud and precipitation assimilation implies that their more careful examination will be required for accelerating progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - PRECIPITATION anomalies
KW  - NUMERICAL weather forecasting
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - GEOPHYSICAL prediction
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 27643085; Errico, Ronald M. 1; Email Address: rerrico@gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov Bauer, Peter 2 Mahfouf, Jean-François 3; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, and Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland  2: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom  3: Environment Canada, Dorval, Quebec, Canada; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 64 Issue 11, p3785; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: PRECIPITATION anomalies; Subject Term: NUMERICAL weather forecasting; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICAL prediction; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2006JAS2044.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamakov, Vesselin I.
AU  - Glaessgen, Edward H.
T1  - Nanoscale fracture: To twin or not to twin.
JO  - Nature Materials
JF  - Nature Materials
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 6
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 795
EP  - 796
SN  - 14761122
AB  - The article focuses on the atomistic simulation of metal fractures through multiscale simulation method to determine its strength. Such method refers to computer simulation, which models the material at the level of atoms and simulates interatomic forces. Computer simulation is aimed at reconciling contradictions between earlier atomistic simulations and experimental studies regarding the formation of dislocations in propagating of cracks in aluminum by providing valuable information.
KW  - NANOCHEMISTRY
KW  - NANOSCIENCE
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - METALS -- Fracture
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL analogies
N1  - Accession Number: 27297132; Yamakov, Vesselin I. 1; Email Address: yamakov@nianet.org Glaessgen, Edward H. 2; Email Address: edward.h.glaessgen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 6 Issue 11, p795; Subject Term: NANOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: METALS -- Fracture; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL analogies; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nmat2041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Soderblom, Laurence A.
AU  - Kirk, Randolph L.
AU  - Lunine, Jonathan I.
AU  - Anderson, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Barrett, Janet M.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Elachi, Charles
AU  - Janssen, Michael A.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Karkoschka, Erich
AU  - Mouélic, Stéphane Le
AU  - Lopes, Rosaly M.
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph D.
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - Nicholson, Philip D.
T1  - Correlations between Cassini VIMS spectra and RADAR SAR images: Implications for Titan's surface composition and the character of the Huygens Probe Landing Site
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2025
EP  - 2036
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Titan''s vast equatorial fields of RADAR-dark longitudinal dunes seen in Cassini RADAR synthetic aperture images correlate with one of two dark surface units discriminated as “brown” and “blue” in Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) color composites of short-wavelength infrared spectral cubes (RGB as 2.0, 1.6, 1.3μm). In such composites bluer materials exhibit higher reflectance at 1.3μm and lower at 1.6 and 2.0μm. The dark brown unit is highly correlated with the RADAR-dark dunes. The dark brown unit shows less evidence of water ice suggesting that the saltating grains of the dunes are largely composed of hydrocarbons and/or nitriles. In general, the bright units also show less evidence of absorption due to water ice and are inferred to consist of deposits of bright fine precipitating tholin aerosol dust. Some set of chemical/mechanical processes may be converting the bright fine-grained aerosol deposits into the dark saltating hydrocarbon and/or nitrile grains. Alternatively the dark dune materials may be derived from a different type of air aerosol photochemical product than are the bright materials. In our model, both the bright aerosol and dark hydrocarbon dune deposits mantle the VIMS dark blue water ice-rich substrate. We postulate that the bright mantles are effectively invisible (transparent) in RADAR synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images leading to lack of correlation in the RADAR images with optically bright mantling units. RADAR images mostly show only dark dunes and the water ice substrate that varies in roughness, fracturing, and porosity. If the rate of deposition of bright aerosol is 0.001–0.01μm/yr, the surface would be coated (to optical instruments) in hundreds-to-thousands of years unless cleansing processes are active. The dark dunes must be mobile on this very short timescale to prevent the accumulation of bright coatings. Huygens landed in a region of the VIMS bright and dark blue materials and about 30km south of the nearest occurrence of dunes visible in the RADAR SAR images. Fluvial/pluvial processes, every few centuries or millennia, must be cleansing the dark floors of the incised channels and scouring the dark plains at the Huygens landing site both imaged by Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC pulse techniques
KW  - RADIO (Medium)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Coatings
KW  - DISR
KW  - Dunes
KW  - Hydrocarbons
KW  - Mantles
KW  - Radar
KW  - SAR
KW  - Substrate
KW  - Tholin
KW  - Titan
KW  - Titriles
KW  - VIMS
KW  - Water ice
N1  - Accession Number: 27154454; Soderblom, Laurence A. 1; Email Address: lsoderblom@usgs.gov Kirk, Randolph L. 1 Lunine, Jonathan I. 2 Anderson, Jeffrey A. 1 Baines, Kevin H. 3 Barnes, Jason W. 2,4 Barrett, Janet M. 1 Brown, Robert H. 2 Buratti, Bonnie J. 3 Clark, Roger N. 5 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Elachi, Charles 3 Janssen, Michael A. 3 Jaumann, Ralf 6 Karkoschka, Erich 2 Mouélic, Stéphane Le 7 Lopes, Rosaly M. 3 Lorenz, Ralph D. 8 McCord, Thomas B. 9 Nicholson, Philip D. 10; Affiliation:  1: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  4: NASA AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: US Geological Survey, Denver, CO, USA  6: DLR Institute for Planetary Exploration, Berlin, Germany  7: University of Nantes, Nantes, France  8: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA  9: HIGP/SOEST, University of Hawaii, HI, USA  10: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 55 Issue 13, p2025; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC pulse techniques; Subject Term: RADIO (Medium); Subject Term: THIN films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dunes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mantles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titriles; Author-Supplied Keyword: VIMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water ice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515111 Radio Networks; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.04.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mukherjee, Avijit
AU  - Hansen, Mark
T1  - A Dynamic Stochastic Model for the Single Airport Ground Holding Problem.
JO  - Transportation Science
JF  - Transportation Science
Y1  - 2007/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 456
PB  - INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research
SN  - 00411655
AB  - In this paper, we present a dynamic stochastic integer programming (IP) model for the single airport ground holding problem, in which ground delays assigned to flights can be revised during different decision stages, based on weather forecasts. The performance gain from our model is particularly significant in the following cases: (1) under stringent ground holding policy, (2) when an early ground delay program (GDP) cancellation is likely, and (3) for airports where the ratio between adverse and fair weather capacities is lower. The choice of ground delay cost component in the objective function strongly affects the allocation policy. When it is linear, the optimal solution involves releasing the long-haul flights at or near their scheduled departure times and using the short-haul flights to absorb delays if low-capacity scenarios eventuate. This policy resembles the current practice of exempting long-distance flights during ground delay programs. For certain convex ground delay cost functions, the spread of ground delay is more or less uniform across all categories of flights, which makes the overall delay assignment more equitable. Finally, we also present a methodology that could enable intra- airline flight substitutions by airlines after our model has been executed and scenario-specific slots have been assigned to all flights, and hence to the airlines that operate them. This makes our model applicable under the collaborative decision making (CDM) paradigm by allowing airlines to perform cancellations and substitutions and hence reoptimize their internal delay cost functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Science is the property of INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - TRANSPORTATION industry
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - FLIGHT delays & cancellations (Airlines)
KW  - air traffic flow management
KW  - collaborative decision makmg
KW  - ground delay programs
KW  - stochastic optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 28031254; Mukherjee, Avijit 1; Email Address: avijit@ucsc.edu Hansen, Mark 2; Email Address: mhansen@ce.berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, California 94035.  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720.; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 41 Issue 4, p444; Subject Term: DYNAMIC programming; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION industry; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: FLIGHT delays & cancellations (Airlines); Author-Supplied Keyword: air traffic flow management; Author-Supplied Keyword: collaborative decision makmg; Author-Supplied Keyword: ground delay programs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kegerise, M.A.
AU  - Cabell, R.H.
AU  - Cattafesta III, L.N.
T1  - Real-time feedback control of flow-induced cavity tones—Part 1: Fixed-gain control
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2007/11/06/
VL  - 307
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 906
EP  - 923
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: A generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm was formulated and applied to the cavity flow-tone problem. The control algorithm demonstrated multiple Rossiter-mode suppression at fixed Mach numbers ranging from 0.275 to 0.38. Controller performance was evaluated with a measure of output disturbance rejection and an input sensitivity transfer function. The results suggest that disturbances entering the cavity flow are collocated with the control input at the cavity leading edge. In that case, only tonal components of the cavity wall-pressure fluctuations can be suppressed and arbitrary broadband pressure reduction is not possible with the present sensor/actuator arrangement. In the control-algorithm development, the cavity dynamics were treated as linear and time invariant for a fixed Mach number. The experimental results lend support to that treatment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 26582758; Kegerise, M.A. 1; Email Address: michael.a.kegerise@nasa.gov Cabell, R.H. 2 Cattafesta III, L.N. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Langley Research Center, Flow Physics and Control Branch, Mail Stop 170, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA-Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: University of Florida, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 307 Issue 3-5, p906; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: PRESSURE; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.063
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kegerise, M.A.
AU  - Cabell, R.H.
AU  - Cattafesta, L.N.
T1  - Real-time feedback control of flow-induced cavity tones—Part 2: Adaptive control
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2007/11/06/
VL  - 307
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 924
EP  - 940
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: An adaptive generalized predictive control (GPC) algorithm was formulated and applied to the cavity flow-tone problem. The algorithm employs gradient descent to update the GPC coefficients at each time step. Past input–output data and an estimate of the open-loop pulse response sequence are all that is needed to implement the algorithm for application at fixed Mach numbers. Transient measurements made during controller adaptation at fixed Mach number revealed that the controller coefficients converged to a steady state in the mean, and this implies that adaptation can be turned off at some point with no degradation in control performance. The control algorithm demonstrated multiple Rossiter mode suppression at fixed Mach numbers of 0.275, 0.32, and 0.38, provided the plant model was updated for each Mach number. However, as in the case of fixed-gain GPC, the adaptive GPC was limited by spillover in sidebands around the suppressed Rossiter modes. The algorithm was also able to maintain suppression of multiple cavity tones as the freestream Mach number was varied over a modest range (0.275–0.29). Beyond this range, stable operation of the control algorithm was not possible due to the fixed plant model in the algorithm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 26582759; Kegerise, M.A. 1; Email Address: michael.a.kegerise@nasa.gov Cabell, R.H. 2 Cattafesta, L.N. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Langley Research Center, Flow Physics and Control Branch, Mail Stop 170, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA-Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: University of Florida, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, P.O. Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 307 Issue 3-5, p924; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tse, M. K.
AU  - Choinsky, J.
AU  - Carbon, D. F.
AU  - Knuth, K. H.
T1  - Estimating Background Spectra.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2007/11/13/
VL  - 954
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 322
EP  - 328
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - All measurements consist of a mixture of the signal of interest and additional signals called the background. Here we focus on the problem of measuring infrared spectra emitted by interstellar clouds. The signals of interest are infrared emissions from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are a class of complex organic molecules. The PAH emissions are characterized by emission bands near 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2, and 15–20 microns. The background consists of a host of associated spectral signals which, in the simplest case, can include emissions from multiple Planck blackbodies as well as broadband and narrowband emissions. To analyze the PAH spectra we must accurately assess this background. To do this, we have developed a Bayesian algorithm based on nested sampling (Skilling 2005, Sivia & Skilling 2006). The spectral model consists of a mixture of Planck functions and Gaussians. We demonstrate this algorithm on both synthetic data and infrared spectra recorded from interstellar clouds. The result shows that the algorithm can accurately identify and remove simple backgrounds. In future work, we plan to incorporate mixtures of PAH spectra and more complex models for the background so that the algorithm will simultaneously estimate both the signals of interest and the background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - GAUSSIAN measures
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - astrophysics
KW  - background
KW  - MCMC
KW  - mixture of Gaussians
KW  - nested sampling
KW  - Planck blackbody
KW  - spectrum
N1  - Accession Number: 27500904; Tse, M. K. 1 Choinsky, J. 1,2 Carbon, D. F. 3 Knuth, K. H. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Univ. at Albany, Dept of Physics, Albany NY USA  2: Univ. at Albany, Dept of Computer Science, Albany NY USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, NAS, Moffett Field CA USA  4: Univ. at Albany, Dept of Informatics, Albany NY USA; Source Info: 11/13/2007, Vol. 954 Issue 1, p322; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN measures; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: background; Author-Supplied Keyword: MCMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: mixture of Gaussians; Author-Supplied Keyword: nested sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planck blackbody; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectrum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2821278
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kinney, A. L.
T1  - National scientific facilities and their science impact on nonbiomedical research.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2007/11/13/
VL  - 104
IS  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 17943
EP  - 17947
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The ‘h index’ proposed by Hirsch [Hirsch JE (2005) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:16569-16573] is a good indicator of the impact of a scientist's research and has the advantage of being objective. When evaluating departments, institutions, or laboratories, the importance of the h index can be further enhanced when it is property calibrated for the size of the group. Particularly acute is the issue of federally funded facilities whose number of actively publishing scientists frequently dwarfs that of academic departments. Recently, Molinari and Molinari [Molinari JF, Molinari A (2008) Scientometrics, in press] developed a methodotogy that shows that the h index has a universal growth rate for large numbers of papers, allowing for meaningful comparisons between institutions. An additional challenge when comparing large institutions is that fields have distinct internal cultures, with different typical rates of publication and citation; biology is more highly cited than physics, for example. For this reason, the present study has focused on the physical sciences, engineering, and technology and has excluded biomedical research. Comparisons between individual disciplines are reported here to provide a framework. Generally, it was found that the universal growth rate of Molinari and Molinari holds well across the categories considered, testifying to the robustness of both their growth law and our results. The goat here is to set the highest standard of comparison for federal investment in science. Comparisons are made of the nation's preeminent private and public institutions. We find that many among the national science facilities compare favorably in research impact with the nation's leading universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEDICAL research
KW  - SCIENCE facilities (Education)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC literature
KW  - PUBLIC institutions
KW  - GROWTH rate
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - federally funded facilities
KW  - physical sciences
KW  - science metrics
N1  - Accession Number: 27870312; Kinney, A. L. 1; Email Address: anne.l.kinney@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771; Source Info: 11/13/2007, Vol. 104 Issue 45, p17943; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Subject Term: SCIENCE facilities (Education); Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC literature; Subject Term: PUBLIC institutions; Subject Term: GROWTH rate; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: federally funded facilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: physical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: science metrics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0704416104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heinrich, Michael N.
AU  - Khare, Bishun N.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Prebiotic organic synthesis in early Earth and Mars atmospheres: Laboratory experiments with quantitative determination of products formed in a cold plasma flow reactor
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/11/15/
VL  - 191
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 778
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The goal of this study was to explore prebiotic chemistry in a range of plausible early Earth and Mars atmospheres. To achieve this laboratory continuous flow plasma irradiation experiments were performed on N2/H2/CO/CO2 gas mixtures chosen to represent mildly reducing early Earth and Mars atmospheres derived from a secondary volcanic outgassing of volatiles in chemical equilibrium with magmas near present day oxidation state. Under mildly reducing conditions (91.79% N2, 5.89% H2, 2.21% CO, and 0.11% CO2), simple nitriles are produced in the gas phase with yield (G in molecules per 100 eV), for the key prebiotic marker molecule HCN at (0.1 nmol J−1). In this atmosphere localized HCN concentrations possibly could approach the 10−2 M needed for HCN oligomerization. Yields under mildly oxidizing conditions (45.5% N2, 0.1% H2, 27.2% CO, 27.2% CO2) are significantly less as expected, with HCN at (). Yields in a Triton atmosphere which can be plausibly extrapolated to represent what might be produced in trace CH4 conditions (99.9% N2, 0.1% CH4) are significant with HCN at (1 nmol J−1) and tholins produced. Recently higher methane abundance atmospheres have been examined for their greenhouse warming potential, and higher abundance hydrogen atmospheres have been proposed based on a low early Earth exosphere temperature. A reducing (64.04% N2, 28.8% H2, 3.60% CO2, and 3.56% CH4), representing a high CH4 and H2 abundance early Earth atmosphere had HCN yields of (0.5 nmol J−1). Tholins generated in high methane hydrogen gas mixtures is much less than in a similar mixture without hydrogen. The same mixture with the oxidizing component CO2 removed (66.43% N2, 29.88% H2, 0% CO2, and 3.69% CH4) had HCN yields of (0.1 nmol J−1) but more significant tholin yields. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - MANURE gases
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - chemistry ( Atmospheres )
KW  - Earth
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Mars
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
KW  - Prebiotic environments
KW  - Triton
N1  - Accession Number: 27228084; Heinrich, Michael N. 1; Email Address: mheinrich@geometricconsulting.com Khare, Bishun N. 2 McKay, Christopher P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Geometric Consulting, 10 Lakeview Avenue, Excelsior, MN 55331, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-212, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 191 Issue 2, p765; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: MANURE gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: chemistry ( Atmospheres ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triton; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.05.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Elaine M.
AU  - Mynatt, Elizabeth D.
AU  - Trimble, Jay P.
T1  - When design just isn’t enough: the unanticipated challenges of the real world for large collaborative displays.
JO  - Personal & Ubiquitous Computing
JF  - Personal & Ubiquitous Computing
Y1  - 2007/11/15/
VL  - 11
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 537
EP  - 547
SN  - 16174909
AB  - Large interactive displays for supporting workgroup collaboration comprise a growing area of ubiquitous computing research and many such systems have been designed and deployed in laboratory studies and research settings. Such displays face difficulties in real-world deployments, as they are often supplemental technologies as opposed to primary tools for work activities. In this work, we investigate the integration and uptake of the NASA MERBoards, shared interactive displays that were deployed to support science tasks in the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions. We examine the hurdles to adoption imposed specifically by the real-world circumstances of the deployment that were external to the design of the system, and explain how these concerns apply to the general deployment of shared ubicomp technologies in the real world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Personal & Ubiquitous Computing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UBIQUITOUS computing
KW  - LABORATORIES
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - ENGINEERS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - CSCW
KW  - Evaluation
KW  - Field studies
KW  - Large displays
KW  - Multi-display environments
N1  - Accession Number: 26884330; Huang, Elaine M. 1,2; Email Address: elaine.m.huang@motorola.com Mynatt, Elizabeth D. 3; Email Address: mynatt@cc.gatech.edu Trimble, Jay P. 4; Email Address: jay.p.trimble@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Motorola Labs, Schaumburg, IL, USA  2: RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany  3: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 11 Issue 7, p537; Subject Term: UBIQUITOUS computing; Subject Term: LABORATORIES; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Subject Term: ENGINEERS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: CSCW; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large displays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-display environments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621511 Medical Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541940 Veterinary Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00779-006-0114-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hodapp, Klaus W.
AU  - Aldering, Greg
AU  - Meech, Karen J.
AU  - Cochran, Anita L.
AU  - Antilogus, Pierre
AU  - Pécontal, Emmanuel
AU  - Chickering, William
AU  - Blanc, Nathalie
AU  - Copin, Yannick
AU  - Lynch, David K.
AU  - Rudy, Richard J.
AU  - Mazuk, S.
AU  - Venturini, Catherine C.
AU  - Puetter, Richard C.
AU  - Perry, Raleigh B.
T1  - Visible and near-infrared spectrophotometry of the Deep Impact ejecta of Comet 9P/Tempel 1
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/11/16/Nov2007 Supplement
VL  - 191
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 402
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We have obtained optical spectrophotometry of the evolution of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 after the impact of the Deep Impact probe, using the Supernova Integral Field Spectrograph (SNIFS) at the UH 2.2-m telescope, as well as simultaneous optical and infrared spectra using the Lick Visible-to-Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (VNIRIS). The spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the “violet band” CN (0–0) emission and of the 630 nm [OI] emission was studied. We found that CN emission centered on the nucleus increased in the 2 h after impact, but that this CN emission was delayed compared to the light curve of dust-scattered sunlight. The CN emission also expanded faster than the cloud of scattering dust. The emission of [OI] at 630 nm rose similarly to the scattered light, but then remained nearly constant for several hours after impact. On the day following the impact, both CN and [OI] emission concentrated on the comet nucleus had returned nearly to pre-impact levels. We have also searched for differences in the scattering properties of the dust ejected by the impact compared to the dust released under normal conditions. Compared to the pre-impact state of the comet, we find evidence that the color of the comet was slightly bluer during the post-impact rise in brightness. Long after the impact, in the following nights, the comet colors returned to their pre-impact values. This can be explained by postulating a change to a smaller particle size distribution in the ejecta cloud, in agreement with the findings from mid-infrared observations, or by postulating a large fraction of clean ice particles, or by a combination of these two. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - INFRARED technology
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - Comet Tempel 1
KW  - Comets
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 27228686; Hodapp, Klaus W. 1; Email Address: hodapp@ifa.hawaii.edu Aldering, Greg 2 Meech, Karen J. 3 Cochran, Anita L. 4 Antilogus, Pierre 5 Pécontal, Emmanuel 6 Chickering, William 2 Blanc, Nathalie 7 Copin, Yannick 7 Lynch, David K. 8 Rudy, Richard J. 8 Mazuk, S. 8 Venturini, Catherine C. 8 Puetter, Richard C. 9 Perry, Raleigh B. 10; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 640 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  2: Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Physics Div., MS-50/232, One Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, and NASA Astrobiology Institute, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1402, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA  5: Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Energies, IN2P3 - CNRS, Universités Paris VI et Paris VII, 4 Place Jussieu Tour 33 - Rez des chaussée, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France  6: Centre de Recherche Astronomique de Lyon, 9, av. Charles André, 69561 Saint Genis Laval Cedex, France  7: Institut de Physique Nucleéaire de Lyon, UMR5822, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France  8: The Aerospace Corporation, P.O. Box 92957, MS 266, Los Angeles, CA 90009, USA  9: University of California, San Diego, CASS 0424, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA  10: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 160, Science Support Office, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2007 Supplement, Vol. 191 Issue 2, p389; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: INFRARED technology; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet Tempel 1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fernández, Y.R.
AU  - Lisse, C.M.
AU  - Kelley, M.S.
AU  - Dello Russo, N.
AU  - Tokunaga, A.T.
AU  - Woodward, C.E.
AU  - Wooden, D.H.
T1  - Near-infrared light curve of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during Deep Impact
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/11/16/Nov2007 Supplement
VL  - 191
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 424
EP  - 431
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: On UT 2005 July 4 we observed Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during its encounter with the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft and impactor. Using the SpeX near-infrared spectrograph mounted on NASA''s Infrared Telescope Facility, we obtained 0.8-to-2.5 μm flux-calibrated spectral light curves of the comet for 12 min before and 14 min after impact. Our cadence was just 1.1 s. The light curve shows constant flux before the impact and an overall brightening trend after the impact, but not at a constant rate. Within a 0.8-arcsec-radius circular aperture, the comet rapidly-brightened by 0.63 mag at 1.2 μm in the first minute. Thereafter, brightening was more modest, averaging about 0.091 mag/min at 1.2 μm, although apparently not quite constant. In addition we see a bluing in the spectrum over the post-impact period of about 0.07 mag in J–H and 0.35 mag in J–K. The majority of this bluing happened in the first minute, and the dust only marginally blued after that, in stark contrast to the continued brightening. The photometric behavior in the light curve is due to a combination of crater formation effects, expansion of the ejecta cloud, and evolution of liberated dust grains. The bluing is likely due to an icy component on those grains, and the icy grains would have had to have a devolatilization timescale longer than 14 min (unless they were shielded by the optical depth of the cloud). The bluing could also have been caused by the decrease in the “typical” size of the dust grains after impact. Ejecta dominated by submicron grains, as inferred from other observations, would have stronger scattering at shorter wavelengths than the much larger grains observed before impact. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED telescopes
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Comet Tempel-1
KW  - Infrared observations
N1  - Accession Number: 27228689; Fernández, Y.R. 1; Email Address: yan@physics.ucf.edu Lisse, C.M. 2 Kelley, M.S. 3 Dello Russo, N. 2 Tokunaga, A.T. 4 Woodward, C.E. 3 Wooden, D.H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2385, USA  2: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  4: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  5: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Nov2007 Supplement, Vol. 191 Issue 2, p424; Subject Term: INFRARED telescopes; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet Tempel-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.09.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27228689&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harker, David E.
AU  - Woodward, Charles E.
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
AU  - Fisher, R. Scott
AU  - Trujillo, Chad A.
T1  - Gemini-N mid-IR observations of the dust properties of the ejecta excavated from Comet 9P/Tempel 1 during Deep Impact
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/11/16/Nov2007 Supplement
VL  - 191
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 432
EP  - 453
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present mid-infrared spectra and images from the Gemini-N (+MICHELLE) observational campaign of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 before, during, and after its encounter with Deep Impact. We use our thermal grain model to probe the 10 μm properties of the dust grains in the coma of the comet. Before impact (3 July 2005 UT), and more than 24 h after impact (5, 16, and 28 July 2005 UT), the comet dust grains were composed mostly of amorphous olivine, and were relatively large (peak of the grain size distribution ). For the night of impact, we extract spectra by centering on the nucleus, and offset 1″ from the nucleus in the direction of the impact ejecta plume. We find small dust grains (∼0.2 μm) of a diverse mineralogy (amorphous olivine, amorphous pyroxene, amorphous carbon, and crystalline olivine) populating the ejecta. The submicron sized dust grains move faster than the other, larger grains (≳0.7 μm), with amorphous olivine and amorphous carbon traveling together, and amorphous pyroxene and crystalline olivine dispersing at a similar rate. Deriving a velocity law from a time-of-flight analysis, we find that the material traveled with a velocity law scaled by and with a power of . This velocity power-law requires a sustained release of grains for the duration of 45–60 min after impact. Since the mineral species are traveling at different speeds, and there was a sustained release of grains due to a possible “gas-plume,” we conclude that the different minerals did not originate from grain aggregates destroyed by the impact, but instead arise from an inhomogeneous nucleus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Comet Tempel-1
KW  - Infrared observations
N1  - Accession Number: 27228690; Harker, David E. 1; Email Address: dharker@ucsd.edu Woodward, Charles E. 2 Wooden, Diane H. 3 Fisher, R. Scott 4 Trujillo, Chad A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Gemini Observatory, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Source Info: Nov2007 Supplement, Vol. 191 Issue 2, p432; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet Tempel-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27228690&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lew, Jiann-Shiun
AU  - Horta, Lucas G.
T1  - Uncertainty quantification using interval modeling with performance sensitivity
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2007/11/20/
VL  - 308
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 330
EP  - 336
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - In this paper an interval modeling approach for uncertainty quantification of a structure with significant parameter variation is presented. Model uncertainty can be categorized as dominant uncertainty due to structural variation, such as joint uncertainty and temperature change, and minor uncertainty associated with other factors. In this paper, a singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is used to decompose parameter variations into principal components that are weighted based on the sensitivity of the performance metric to parameter variations. From this process, parameter bounds in the form of an interval model are generated and each interval corresponds to one identified bounded uncertainty parameter with its associated principal direction. The proposed approach can be used to differentiate between dominant and minor uncertainties. A beam structure with an attached subsystem proposed by Sandia National Laboratories is used to demonstrate this approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY
KW  - PREDICATE calculus
KW  - INTERVAL functions
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - SENSITIVITY theory (Mathematics)
KW  - SANDIA National Laboratories
N1  - Accession Number: 26709494; Lew, Jiann-Shiun 1; Email Address: lew@coe.tsuniv.edu Horta, Lucas G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center of Excellence in Information Systems, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA  2: Structural Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 308 Issue 1/2, p330; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY; Subject Term: PREDICATE calculus; Subject Term: INTERVAL functions; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY theory (Mathematics); Company/Entity: SANDIA National Laboratories; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.06.074
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Huey, L.G.
AU  - Crawford, J.H.
AU  - Olson, J.R.
AU  - Hutterli, M.A.
AU  - Sjostedt, S.
AU  - Tanner, D.
AU  - Dibb, J.
AU  - Lefer, B.
AU  - Blake, N.
AU  - Davis, Douglas
AU  - Stohl, A.
T1  - An assessment of the polar HO x photochemical budget based on 2003 Summit Greenland field observations
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2007/11/21/
VL  - 41
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 7806
EP  - 7820
SN  - 13522310
AB  - An interpretative modeling analysis is conducted to simulate the diurnal variations in OH and HO2+RO2 observed at Summit, Greenland in 2003. The main goal is to assess the HO x budget and to quantify the impact of snow emissions on ambient HO x as well as on CH2O and H2O2. This analysis is based on composite diurnal profiles of HO x precursors recorded during a 3-day period (July 7–9), which were generally compatible with values reported in earlier studies. The model simulations can reproduce the observed diurnal variation in HO2+RO2 when they are constrained by observations of H2O2 and CH2O. By contrast, model predictions of OH were about factor of 2 higher than the observed values. Modeling analysis of H2O2 suggests that its distinct diurnal variation is likely controlled by snow emissions and loss by deposition and/or scavenging. Similarly, deposition and/or scavenging sinks are needed to reproduce the observed diel profile in CH2O. This study suggests that for the Summit 2003 period snow emissions contribute ∼25% of the total CH2O production, while photochemical oxidation of hydrocarbon appears to be the dominant source. A budget assessment of HO x radicals shows that primary production from O(1D)+H2O and photolysis of snow emitted precursors (i.e., H2O2 and CH2O) are the largest primary HO x sources at Summit, contributing 41% and 40%, respectively. The snow contribution to the HO x budget is mostly in the form of emissions of H2O2. The dominant HO x sink involves the HO2+HO2 reaction forming H2O2, followed by its deposition to snow. These results differ from those previously reported for the South Pole (SP), in that primary production of HO x was shown to be largely driven by both the photolysis of CH2O and H2O2 emissions (46%) with smaller contributions coming from the oxidation of CH4 and the O(1D)+H2O reaction (i.e., 27% each). In sharp contrast to the findings at Summit in 2003, due to the much higher levels of NO x , the SP HO x sinks are dominated by HO x –NO x reactions, leading to the formation and deposition of HNO3 and HO2NO2. Thus, a comparison between SP and Summit studies suggests that snow emissions appear to play a prominent role in controlling primary HO x production in both environments. However, as regards to maintaining highly elevated levels of OH, the two environments differ substantially. At Summit the elevated rate for primary production of HO x is most important; whereas, at SP it is the rapid recycling of the more prevalent HO2 radical, through reaction with NO, back to OH that is primarily responsible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - PEROXIDES
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - SNOW
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - GREENLAND
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - HO x budget
KW  - Hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Polar HO x
KW  - Snow emission
N1  - Accession Number: 27364124; Chen, G. 1; Email Address: gao.chen@nasa.gov Huey, L.G. 2 Crawford, J.H. 1 Olson, J.R. 1 Hutterli, M.A. 3,4 Sjostedt, S. 2 Tanner, D. 2 Dibb, J. 5 Lefer, B. 6 Blake, N. 7 Davis, Douglas 2 Stohl, A. 8; Affiliation:  1: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  3: Physical Sciences Division, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK  4: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  5: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, USA  6: Department of Geosciences, University of Houston, TX, USA  7: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA  8: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 41 Issue 36, p7806; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PEROXIDES; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: SNOW; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: GREENLAND; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formaldehyde; Author-Supplied Keyword: HO x budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar HO x; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow emission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.06.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27364124&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cable, Thomas L.
AU  - Sofie, Stephen W.
T1  - A symmetrical, planar SOFC design for NASA's high specific power density requirements
JO  - Journal of Power Sources
JF  - Journal of Power Sources
Y1  - 2007/11/22/
VL  - 174
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 227
SN  - 03787753
AB  - Abstract: Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems for aircraft applications require an order of magnitude increase in specific power density (1.0kWkg−1) and long life. While significant research is underway to develop anode supported cells which operate at temperatures in the range of 650–800°C, concerns about Cr-contamination from the metal interconnect may drive the operating temperature down further, to 750°C and lower. Higher temperatures, 850–1000°C, are more favorable in order to achieve specific power densities of 1.0kWkg−1. Since metal interconnects are not practical at these high temperatures and can account for up to 75% of the weight of the stack, NASA is pursuing a design that uses a thin, LaCrO3-based ceramic interconnect that incorporates gas channels into the electrodes. The bi-electrode supported cell (BSC) uses porous YSZ scaffolds, on either side of a 10–20μm electrolyte. The porous support regions are fabricated with graded porosity using the freeze-tape casting process which can be tailored for fuel and air flow. Removing gas channels from the interconnect simplifies the stack design and allows the ceramic interconnect to be kept thin, on the order of 50–100μm. The YSZ electrode scaffolds are infiltrated with active electrode materials following the high-temperature sintering step. The NASA-BSC is symmetrical and CTE matched, providing balanced stresses and favorable mechanical properties for vibration and thermal cycling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID oxide fuel cells
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - Electrode infiltration
KW  - Electrode supported
KW  - SOFC
KW  - Symmetrical
N1  - Accession Number: 27626683; Cable, Thomas L. 1; Email Address: Thomas.L.Cable@nasa.gov Sofie, Stephen W. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Toledo, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS106-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: QSS at NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS106-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 174 Issue 1, p221; Subject Term: SOLID oxide fuel cells; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrode infiltration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrode supported; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Symmetrical; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.08.110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - H.  Yee
AU  - B.  SjÃ¶green
T1  - Simulation of RichtmyerâMeshkov instability by sixth-order filter methods.
JO  - Shock Waves
JF  - Shock Waves
Y1  - 2007/11/30/
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 193
SN  - 09381287
AB  - AbstractÂ Â Simulation of a 2-D RightmyerâMeshkov instability (RMI), including inviscid, viscous and magnetic field effects was conducted comparing recently developed sixth-order filter schemes with various standard shock-capturing methods. The suppression of the inviscid gas dynamics RMI in the presence of a magnetic field was investigated by Samtaney and Wheatley etÂ al. Numerical results illustrated here exhibit behavior similar to the work of Samtaney. Due to the different amounts and different types of numerical dissipation contained in each scheme, the structures and the growth of eddies for the chaotic-like inviscid gas dynamics RMI case are highly grid size and scheme dependent, even with many levels of refinement. The failure of grid refinement for all studied numerical methods extends to the viscous gas dynamics case for high Reynolds number. For lower Reynolds number, grid convergence has been achieved by all studied methods. To achieve similar resolution, standard shock-capturing methods require more grid points than filter schemes and yet the CPU times using the same grid for all studied methods are comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Shock Waves is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 27314162; H.  Yee 1 B.  SjÃ¶green 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field CA USA  2: KTH NADA Stockholm Sweden; Source Info: Nov2007, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p185; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dyke, R. Eric
AU  - Hrinda, Glenn A.
T1  - Aeroshell design techniques for aerocapture entry vehicles
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 61
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1029
EP  - 1042
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: A major goal of NASA''s In-Space Propulsion Program is to shorten trip times for scientific planetary missions. To meet this challenge arrival speeds will increase, requiring significant braking for orbit insertion, and thus increased deceleration propellant mass that may exceed launch lift capabilities. A technology called aerocapture has been developed to expand the mission potential of exploratory probes destined for planets with suitable atmospheres. Aerocapture inserts a probe into planetary orbit via a single pass through the atmosphere using the probe''s aeroshell drag to reduce velocity. The benefit of an aerocapture maneuver is a large reduction in propellant mass that may result in smaller, less costly missions and reduced mission cruise times. The methodology used to design rigid aerocapture aeroshells will be presented with an emphasis on a new systems tool under development. Current methods for fast, efficient evaluations of structural systems for exploratory vehicles to planets and moons within our solar system have been under development within NASA having limited success. Many systems tools that have been attempted applied structural mass estimation techniques based on historical data and curve fitting techniques that are difficult and cumbersome to apply to new vehicle concepts and missions. The resulting vehicle aeroshell mass may be incorrectly estimated or have high margins included to account for uncertainty. This new tool will reduce the guesswork previously found in conceptual aeroshell mass estimations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 27353479; Dyke, R. Eric 1; Email Address: r.e.dyke@larc.nasa.gov Hrinda, Glenn A. 2; Email Address: g.a.hrinda@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Swales Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 61 Issue 11/12, p1029; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.12.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pater, Ruth H.
AU  - Curto, Paul A.
T1  - Advanced materials for space applications
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 61
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1121
EP  - 1129
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Since NASA was created in 1958, over 6400 patents have been issued to the agency—nearly one in a thousand of all patents ever issued in the United States. A large number of these inventions have focused on new materials that have made space travel and exploration of the moon, Mars, and the outer planets possible. In the last few years, the materials developed by NASA Langley Research Center embody breakthroughs in performance and properties that will enable great achievements in space. The examples discussed below offer significant advantages for use in small satellites, i.e., those with payloads under a metric ton. These include patented products such as LaRC SI, LaRC RP 46, LaRC RP 50, PETI-5, TEEK, PETI-330, LaRC CP, TOR-LM and LaRC LCR (patent pending). These and other new advances in nanotechnology engineering, self-assembling nanostructures and multifunctional aerospace materials are presented and discussed below, and applications with significant technological and commercial advantages are proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 27353489; Pater, Ruth H. 1; Email Address: Ruth.H.Pater@nasa.gov Curto, Paul A. 2; Email Address: pcurto@hq.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Virginia 23681, USA  2: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 61 Issue 11/12, p1121; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.06.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tori M.  Hoehler
AU  - Jan P.  Amend
AU  - Everett L.  Shock
T1  - A “Follow the Energy” Approach for Astrobiology.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 819
EP  - 823
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 28044367; Tori M.  Hoehler 1 Jan P.  Amend 2 Everett L.  Shock 3; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.  3: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and School of Earth & Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 7 Issue 6, p819; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tori M.  Hoehler
T1  - An Energy Balance Concept for Habitability.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 824
EP  - 838
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Habitability can be formulated as a balance between the biological demand for energy and the corresponding potential for meeting that demand by transduction of energy from the environment into biological process. The biological demand for energy is manifest in two requirements, analogous to the voltage and power requirements of an electrical device, which must both be met if life is to be supported. These requirements exhibit discrete (non-zero) minima whose magnitude is set by the biochemistry in question, and they are increased in quantifiable fashion by (i) deviations from biochemically optimal physical and chemical conditions and (ii) energy-expending solutions to problems of resource limitation. The possible rate of energy transduction is constrained by (i) the availability of usable free energy sources in the environment, (ii) limitations on transport of those sources into the cell, (iii) upper limits on the rate at which energy can be stored, transported, and subsequently liberated by biochemical mechanisms (e.g., enzyme saturation effects), and (iv) upper limits imposed by an inability to use “power” and “voltage” at levels that cause material breakdown. A system is habitable when the realized rate of energy transduction equals or exceeds the biological demand for energy. For systems in which water availability is considered a key aspect of habitability (e.g., Mars), the energy balance construct imposes additional, quantitative constraints that may help to prioritize targets in search-for-life missions. Because the biological need for energy is universal, the energy balance construct also helps to constrain habitability in systems (e.g., those envisioned to use solvents other than water) for which little constraint currently exists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MICROBIAL genetics
KW  - GENETIC transduction
N1  - Accession Number: 28044372; Tori M.  Hoehler 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 7 Issue 6, p824; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MICROBIAL genetics; Subject Term: GENETIC transduction; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruth  Globus
T1  - Extracellular Matrix and Integrin Interactions in the Skeletal Responses to Mechanical Loading and Unloading.
JO  - Clinical Reviews in Bone & Mineral Metabolism
JF  - Clinical Reviews in Bone & Mineral Metabolism
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 221
SN  - 15348644
AB  - Abstract  The adaptation of the skeleton to changes in mechanical loading depends on the ability of bone cells first to detect then to convert diverse mechanical forces into chemical signals that regulate cell behavior, a process known as mechanotransduction. A network of interactions between the extracellular matrix, integrin receptors that span the cell membrane, and intracellular cytoskeletal and signaling elements participates in mechanotransduction along with other proteins, most notably ion channels. Integrins are a family of heterodimeric proteins with binding specificity for extracellular matrix proteins, and the ability to influence cell behavior via various key effector functions in addition to mechanotransduction, including adhesion, motility, differentiation, proliferation, survival, and gene expression. The vast majority of what we know now about the relevance of extracellular matrix–integrin interactions for mechanical loading is based on evidence gathered from cells in culture, although the increasing use of animal models confirm the relevance of this network both in health and disease. Dissecting the integrin-extracellular matrix pathway provides mechanistic insight into skeletal changes during loading, distraction osteogenesis, and musculoskeletal disuse, and yields new therapeutic strategies both to inhibit bone resorption and improve the integration and survival of bone and dental implants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Clinical Reviews in Bone & Mineral Metabolism is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BONE mechanics
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - EXTRACELLULAR matrix
KW  - INTEGRINS
KW  - BONE cells
KW  - BONE growth
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - BONE resorption
N1  - Accession Number: 34034417; Ruth  Globus 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center Bone and Signaling Lab, Radiation & Space Biotechnologies Branch Moffett Field CA 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p210; Subject Term: BONE mechanics; Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject Term: EXTRACELLULAR matrix; Subject Term: INTEGRINS; Subject Term: BONE cells; Subject Term: BONE growth; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: BONE resorption; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santa, K.J.
AU  - Chao, B.H.
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
AU  - Stocker, D.P.
AU  - Axelbaum, R.L.
T1  - Radiative extinction of gaseous spherical diffusion flames in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 151
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 665
EP  - 675
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Radiative extinction of spherical diffusion flames was investigated experimentally and numerically. The experiments involved microgravity spherical diffusion flames burning ethylene and propane at 0.98 bar. Both normal (fuel flowing into oxidizer) and inverse (oxidizer flowing into fuel) flames were studied, with nitrogen supplied to either the fuel or the oxygen. Flame conditions were chosen to ensure that the flames extinguished within the 2.2 s of available test time; thus extinction occurred during unsteady flame conditions. Diagnostics included color video and thin-filament pyrometry. The computations, which simulated flow from a porous sphere into a quiescent environment, included detailed chemistry, transport, and radiation and yielded transient results. Radiative extinction was observed experimentally and simulated numerically. Extinction time, peak temperature, and radiative loss fraction were found to be independent of flow rate except at very low flow rates. Radiative heat loss was dominated by the combustion products downstream of the flame and was found to scale with flame surface area, not volume. For large transient flames the heat release rate also scaled with surface area and thus the radiative loss fraction was largely independent of flow rate. Peak temperatures at extinction onset were about 1100 K, which is significantly lower than for kinetic extinction. An important observation of this work is that while radiative heat losses can drive transient extinction, this is not only because radiative losses are increasing with time but also because the heat release rate is falling off as the flame expands away from the burner and the reactant supply to the flame decreases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - CFD
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Laminar diffusion flames
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Thin-filament pyrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 27641105; Santa, K.J. 1 Chao, B.H. 1 Sunderland, P.B. 2 Urban, D.L. 3 Stocker, D.P. 3 Axelbaum, R.L. 4; Email Address: rla@wustl.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 151 Issue 4, p665; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin-filament pyrometry; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.08.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bolton, Matthew L.
AU  - Bass, Ellen J.
AU  - Comstock Jr., James Raymond
AU  - Comstock, James Raymond Jr
T1  - Spatial awareness in synthetic vision systems: using spatial and temporal judgments to evaluate texture and field of view.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - journal article
SP  - 961
EP  - 974
SN  - 00187208
AB  - <bold>Objective: </bold>This work introduced judgment-based measures of spatial awareness and used them to evaluate terrain textures and fields of view (FOVs) in synthetic vision system (SVS) displays.<bold>Background: </bold>SVSs are cockpit technologies that depict computer-generated views of terrain surrounding an aircraft. In the assessment of textures and FOVs for SVSs, no studies have directly measured the three levels of spatial awareness with respect to terrain: identification of terrain, its relative spatial location, and its relative temporal location.<bold>Methods: </bold>Eighteen pilots made four judgments (relative azimuth angle, distance, height, and abeam time) regarding the location of terrain points displayed in 112 noninteractive 5-s simulations of an SVS head-down display. There were two between-subject variables (texture order and FOV order) and five within-subject variables (texture, FOV, and the terrain point's relative azimuth angle, distance, and height).<bold>Results: </bold>Texture produced significant main and interaction effects for the magnitude of error in the relative angle, distance, height, and abeam time judgments. FOV interaction effects were significant for the directional magnitude of error in the relative distance, height, and abeam time judgments.<bold>Conclusion: </bold>Spatial awareness was best facilitated by the elevation fishnet (EF), photo fishnet (PF), and photo elevation fishnet (PEF) textures.<bold>Application: </bold>This study supports the recommendation that the EF, PF, and PEF textures be further evaluated in future SVS experiments. Additionally, the judgment-based spatial awareness measures used in this experiment could be used to evaluate other display parameters and depth cues in SVSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes -- Automation
KW  - ERGONOMICS
KW  - APPLIED psychology
KW  - HUMAN-machine relationship
KW  - EFFECT of environment on human beings
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - AZIMUTH
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 27544069; Bolton, Matthew L. 1 Bass, Ellen J. 1; Email Address: ejb4n@virginia.edu Comstock Jr., James Raymond 2 Comstock, James Raymond Jr; Affiliation:  1: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p961; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes -- Automation; Subject Term: ERGONOMICS; Subject Term: APPLIED psychology; Subject Term: HUMAN-machine relationship; Subject Term: EFFECT of environment on human beings; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: journal article
L3  - 10.1518/001872007X249848
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Jason A.
AU  - Bridgeman, Bruce
AU  - Woods, Tadg
AU  - Welch, Robert
T1  - Global VOR gain adaptation during near fixation to foveal targets
JO  - Human Movement Science
JF  - Human Movement Science
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 787
EP  - 795
SN  - 01679457
AB  - Abstract: Long-term rotational vestibulo-ocular (VOR) adaptation occurs during systematic dysmetria between visual and vestibular afferents, adjusting eye-rotation angular velocity to re-establish retinal stability of the visual field. Due to translational motion of the eyes during head rotation, VOR gain is higher when fixating near objects. The current study measures VOR in humans before and after 6min of exposure to a foveal near-target during sinusoidal whole-body rotation at 0.45Hz. All of six participants showed post-exposure increases in open-loop VOR gain after fixating near targets, demonstrating a mean modulation increase of open-loop VOR gain from 0.86 before adaptation to 1.2 after adaptation. We discuss a number of theoretical and applied implications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Human Movement Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VESTIBULO-ocular reflex
KW  - VISUAL fields
KW  - RETINOIDS
KW  - VISION
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Adaptive plasticity
KW  - Motor processes
KW  - Vergence
KW  - Vestibulo-ocular reflex
N1  - Accession Number: 27530817; Williams, Jason A. 1; Email Address: williamsj@gonzaga.edu Bridgeman, Bruce 2 Woods, Tadg 3 Welch, Robert 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, Gonzaga University, 501 E Boone Ave, AD54, Spokane, WA, United States  2: Departments of Psychology and Psychobiology, University of California, Santa Cruz Social Sciences 1, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  3: Department of Mathematics, Gonzaga University, 501 E Boone Ave, HC308A, Spokane, WA, United States  4: NASA Ames-Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, United States; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p787; Subject Term: VESTIBULO-ocular reflex; Subject Term: VISUAL fields; Subject Term: RETINOIDS; Subject Term: VISION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motor processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vestibulo-ocular reflex; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.humov.2007.06.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
T1  - Spin states and climates of eccentric exoplanets
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 192
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The known extrasolar planets exhibit a wide range of orbital eccentricities e. This has a profound influence on their rotations and climates. Because of tides in their interiors, mostly solid exoplanets are expected eventually to despin to a state of spin-orbit resonance, where the orbital period is some integer or half-integer times the rotation period. The most important of these resonances is the synchronous state, where the planet''s spin period exactly equals its orbital period (like Earth''s Moon, and indeed most of the regular satellites in the Solar System). Such planets seem doomed to roast on one side and freeze on the other. However, synchronous planets rock back and forth by an angle of with respect to the sub-stellar point. For (as for the Moon), this optical libration amounts to only ∼6°; but for a synchronous planet with , for example, it would rise to ∼59°. This greatly expands the temperate “twilight zone” near the terminator and considerably improves the planet''s prospects for habitability. For , the optical libration exceeds 90°; for such planets, the sector of permanent night vanishes, while the sunniest region splits in two. Furthermore, the synchronous state is not the only possible spin resonance. For example, Mercury (with ) has an orbital period exactly 1.5 times its rotation period. A terrestrial exoplanet with , say, is liable to have an orbital period of 2.0, 2.5, or 3.0 times its spin period. The corresponding insolation patterns are generally complicated, and all different from the synchronous state. Yet these non-synchronous resonances also protect certain longitudes from the worst extremes of temperature and solar radiation, and improve the planet''s habitability, compared to non-resonant rotation. These results also have implications for the direct detectability of extrasolar planets, and the interpretation of their thermal emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Resonances
KW  - Resonances, spin–orbit
KW  - Rotational dynamics
KW  - solid body
KW  - spin–orbit
KW  - Tides
KW  - Tides, solid body
N1  - Accession Number: 27629306; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: dobro@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Lick Observatory, U.C. Santa Cruz, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 192 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: RESONANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances, spin–orbit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: solid body; Author-Supplied Keyword: spin–orbit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tides, solid body; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bland, Michael T.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Showman, Adam P.
T1  - Unstable extension of Enceladus' lithosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 192
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 105
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Regions near Enceladus'' equator, Sarandib and Diyar Planitia, contain extensive sets of parallel ridges and troughs that may be diagnostic of the region''s formation conditions. We present photoclinometry profiles across these ridges and troughs, which indicate that they are periodic, low-slope features with dominant wavelengths of 3 to 4 km and amplitudes between 100 and 400 m. The morphology of these terrains is consistent with formation via unstable extension of the lithosphere. Our numerical modeling demonstrates that unstable extension can generate large-scale topography under Enceladus-like conditions. Comparison of our photoclinometry profiles with the dominant wavelengths produced by our numerical model permits estimation of the background heat flow at the time the Sarandib–Diyar province formed. We estimate heat flows of 110 to , suggesting that resurfacing of the planitiae was accompanied by strong, localized heating. The extension necessary to produce the ridges and troughs may have been caused by now-inactive diapirs, internal phase changes, or other mechanisms. Our heat flux estimates imply elastic thickness at the time of resurfacing of 0.4 to 1.4 km, which are sufficient to have allowed satellite reorientation if the province was underlain by a low-density region. It is therefore plausible that Enceladus has experienced multiple heating events, each leading to localized resurfacing and global reorientation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL geology
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - STATISTICAL physics
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - Enceladus
KW  - surfaces ( Satellites )
KW  - Tectonics
N1  - Accession Number: 27629311; Bland, Michael T. 1; Email Address: mbland@lpl.arizona.edu Beyer, Ross A. 2,3 Showman, Adam P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Planetary Science, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 192 Issue 1, p92; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL geology; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: STATISTICAL physics; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enceladus; Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Tectonics; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.06.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - On the negligible surface age of Triton
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 192
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 149
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: New mapping reveals 100 probable impact craters on Triton wider than 5 km diameter. All of the probable craters are within 90° of the apex of Triton''s orbital motion (i.e., all are on the leading hemisphere) and have a cosine density distribution with respect to the apex. This spatial distribution is difficult to reconcile with a heliocentric (Sun-orbiting) source of impactors, be it ecliptic comets, the Kuiper Belt, the scattered disk, or tidally-disrupted temporary satellites in the style of Shoemaker–Levy 9, but it is consistent with head-on collisions, as would be produced if a prograde population of planetocentric (Neptune-orbiting) debris were swept up by retrograde Triton. Plausible sources include ejecta from impact on or disruption of inner/outer moons of Neptune. If Triton''s small craters are mostly of planetocentric origin, Triton offers no evidence for or against the existence of small comets in the Kuiper Belt, and New Horizons observations of Pluto must fill this role. The possibility that the distribution of impact craters is an artifact caused by difficulty in identifying impact craters on the cantaloupe terrain is considered and rejected. The possibility that capricious resurfacing has mimicked the effect of head-on collisions is considered and shown to be unlikely given current geologic constraints, and is no more probable than planetocentrogenesis. The estimated cratering rate on Triton by ecliptic comets is used to put an upper limit of ∼50 Myr on the age of the more heavily cratered terrains, and of ∼6 Myr for the Neptune-facing cantaloupe terrain. If the vast majority of cratering is by planetocentric debris, as we propose, then the surface everywhere is probably less than 10 Myr old. Although the uncertainty in these cratering ages is at least a factor ten, it seems likely that Triton''s is among the youngest surfaces in the Solar System, a candidate ocean moon, and an important target for future exploration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRITON (Satellite)
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Comets
KW  - Cratering
KW  - satellites ( Neptune )
KW  - Triton
N1  - Accession Number: 27629314; Schenk, Paul M. 1; Email Address: schenk@lpi.usra.edu Zahnle, Kevin 2; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 192 Issue 1, p135; Subject Term: TRITON (Satellite); Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Neptune ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Triton; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clausi, David D.
AU  - Aksoy, Selim
AU  - Tilton, James C.
T1  - Guest Editorial Foreword to the Special Issue on Pattern: Recognition in Remote Sensing.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2007/12//Dec2007 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 45
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3855
EP  - 3856
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A foreword to "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing: Pattern Recognition in Remote Sensing" is presented.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - PATTERN perception
N1  - Accession Number: 27823944; Clausi, David D. 1 Aksoy, Selim 2 Tilton, James C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada  2: Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Right Center, Computational and Information Science and Technology Office, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Source Info: Dec2007 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 45 Issue 12, p3855; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: PATTERN perception; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.909915
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wuchina, E.
AU  - Opila, E.
AU  - Opeka, M.
AU  - Fahrenholtz, W.
AU  - Talmy, I.
T1  - UHTCs: Ultra-High Temperature Ceramic Materials for Extreme Environment Applications.
JO  - Interface
JF  - Interface
Y1  - 2007///Winter2007
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 36
SN  - 10648208
AB  - The article studies various ultra-high temperature ceramic materials (UHTC) and their industrial applications under extreme environments. It includes an in-depth analysis of various subject matter relevant to UHTC, as well as a discussion of the issues' implications for the electrochemical and solid-state sciences.
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - HEAT resistant materials
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - SOLID state chemistry
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 28040899; Wuchina, E. 1; Email Address: eric.wuchina@navy.mil Opila, E. 2; Email Address: opila@nasa.gov Opeka, M. 3; Email Address: mark.opeka@navy.mil Fahrenholtz, W. 4; Email Address: billf@umr.edu Talmy, I. 5; Email Address: inna.tamly@navy.mil; Affiliation:  1: Materials research engineer, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD  2: Materials research engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio  3: Research materials engineer, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division, West Bethesda, MD  4: Associate professor of ceramic engineering, University of Missouri-Rolla  5: Senior research ceramist and group leader, Ceramic Science and Technologt Group, NSWCCD; Source Info: Winter2007, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p30; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: HEAT resistant materials; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SOLID state chemistry; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
T1  - Apparent transition behavior of widely-used turbulence models
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 28
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1460
EP  - 1471
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - Abstract: The Spalart–Allmaras and the Menter k–ω SST turbulence models are shown to have the undesirable characteristic that, for fully turbulent external flow computations, a transition region can occur whose extent varies with grid density. Extremely fine two-dimensional grids over the front portion of an airfoil are used to demonstrate the effect. As the grid density is increased, the laminar region near the nose becomes larger. In the Spalart–Allmaras model this behavior is due to convergence to a laminar-behavior fixed point that occurs in practice when freestream turbulence is below some threshold. It is the result of a feature purposefully added to the original model in conjunction with a special trip function. This degenerate fixed point can also cause non-uniqueness regarding where transition initiates on a given grid. Consistent fully turbulent results can easily be achieved by either using a freestream turbulence level higher than the threshold or by making a simple change to one of the model constants. Near the area where turbulence initiates, the SST model exhibits sensitivity to numerical resolution, but its solutions are unique on a given grid. Inconsistent apparent transition behavior with grid refinement in this case does not stem from the presence of a degenerate fixed point. A nullcline analysis is used to visualize the local behavior of the model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - CONVERGENT evolution
KW  - BIOLOGY
KW  - Transition
KW  - Turbulence model
N1  - Accession Number: 27736815; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 28 Issue 6, p1460; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: CONVERGENT evolution; Subject Term: BIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence model; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2007.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PRASAD, NARASIMHA S.
T1  - DEEP-UV BASED ACOUSTO-OPTIC TUNABLE FILTER FOR SPECTRAL SENSING APPLICATIONS.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 857
EP  - 866
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 01291564
AB  - In this paper, recent progress made in the development of quartz and KDP crystal based acousto-optic tunable filters (AOTF) are presented. These AOTFs are developed for operation over deep-UV to near-UV wavelengths of 190 nm to 400 nm. Preliminary output performance measurements of quartz AOTF and design specifications of KDP AOTF are presented. At 355 nm, the quartz AOTF device offered ∼15% diffraction efficiency with a passband full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) of less than 0.0625 nm. Further characterization of quartz AOTF devices at deep-UV wavelengths is progressing. The hermetic packaging of KDP AOTF is nearing completion. The solid-state optical sources being used for excitation include nonlinear optics based high-energy tunable UV transmitters that operate around 320 nm and 308 nm wavelengths, and a tunable deep-UV laser operating over 193 nm to 210 nm. These AOTF devices have been developed as turn-key devices for primarily for space-based chemical and biological sensing applications using laser induced Fluorescence and resonance Raman techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FILTERS & filtration
KW  - ACOUSTOOPTICS
KW  - CHEMICALS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - AOTF
KW  - chem-bio sensing
KW  - Deep-UV wavelengths
N1  - Accession Number: 27265411; PRASAD, NARASIMHA S. 1; Email Address: n.s.prasad@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Nasa Langley Research Center, 5 N. Dryden St., MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p857; Subject Term: FILTERS & filtration; Subject Term: ACOUSTOOPTICS; Subject Term: CHEMICALS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: AOTF; Author-Supplied Keyword: chem-bio sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep-UV wavelengths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Offermann, D.
AU  - Jarisch, M.
AU  - Schmidt, H.
AU  - Oberheide, J.
AU  - Grossmann, K.U.
AU  - Gusev, O.
AU  - Russell III, J.M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
T1  - The “wave turbopause”
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 69
IS  - 17/18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2139
EP  - 2158
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: The “wave turbopause” is defined as the mesospheric altitude level where the temperature fluctuation field indicates a substantial increase in wave amplitudes in the vertical direction. The turbopause altitude is analyzed on the basis of four years of SABER data (2002–2005, Version 1.06). Substantial seasonal and latitudinal variations are found, with some interannual variability also present. Seasonal changes are annual at high latitudes, semi-annual at low latitudes, and a mixture of both at middle latitudes. Southern hemisphere data are similar as in the North if shifted by half a year. Latitudinal variations show a minimum in the tropics and two relative maxima at middle latitudes. The “wave turbopause” is found near to zero-wind lines or low-wind zones (zonal wind). It is compared to rocket and other measurements, and interesting similarities are obtained. The wave turbopause can also be found in the HAMMONIA GCM. A preliminary analysis shows results similar to those of the SABER measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - CHEMOSPHERE
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - and transport of environmentally important species )
KW  - cold point mesopause ( CPMP )
KW  - COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere ( CIRA )
KW  - CRISTA
KW  - CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere ( CRISTA )
KW  - equivalent displacement height ( EHD )
KW  - Ertels potential vorticity ( EPV )
KW  - global circulation model ( GCM )
KW  - Hamburg model of the neutral and ionized atmosphere ( HAMMONIA )
KW  - HAMMONIA
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - SABER
KW  - simulation of chemistry </ce:keyword> ( radiation
KW  - simulation of chemistry </ce:keyword> ( radiation , and transport of environmentally important species )
KW  - SOCRATES
KW  - Sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry ( SABER )
KW  - Turbopause
KW  - turbulent oxygen mixing experiment ( TOMEX )
KW  - UARS reference atmosphere project. ( URAP )
KW  - upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere ( UMLT )
KW  - Wave damping
N1  - Accession Number: 28080912; Offermann, D. 1; Email Address: http://www.atmos.physik.uni-wuppertal.de Jarisch, M. 1 Schmidt, H. 2 Oberheide, J. 1 Grossmann, K.U. 1 Gusev, O. 1 Russell III, J.M. 3 Mlynczak, M.G. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany  2: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany  3: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 69 Issue 17/18, p2139; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: CHEMOSPHERE; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: and transport of environmentally important species ); Author-Supplied Keyword: cold point mesopause ( CPMP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere ( CIRA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: CRISTA; Author-Supplied Keyword: CRyogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere ( CRISTA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: equivalent displacement height ( EHD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ertels potential vorticity ( EPV ); Author-Supplied Keyword: global circulation model ( GCM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hamburg model of the neutral and ionized atmosphere ( HAMMONIA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: HAMMONIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: SABER; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation of chemistry </ce:keyword> ( radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation of chemistry </ce:keyword> ( radiation , and transport of environmentally important species ); Author-Supplied Keyword: SOCRATES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sounding of the atmosphere using broadband emission radiometry ( SABER ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbopause; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulent oxygen mixing experiment ( TOMEX ); Author-Supplied Keyword: UARS reference atmosphere project. ( URAP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: upper mesosphere/lower thermosphere ( UMLT ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Wave damping; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shepherd, M.G.
AU  - Wu, D.L.
AU  - Fedulina, I.N.
AU  - Gurubaran, S.
AU  - Russell, J.M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
AU  - Shepherd, G.G.
T1  - Stratospheric warming effects on the tropical mesospheric temperature field
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 69
IS  - 17/18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2309
EP  - 2337
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: Temperature observations at 20–90km height and 5–15°N during the winter of 1992–1993, 1993–1994 and 2003–2004, from the Wind Imaging Interferometer (WINDII) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) experiments on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) satellite and the Sounding the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment on the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite are analyzed together with MF radar winds and UK Meteorological Office (UKMO) assimilated fields. Mesospheric cooling is observed at the time of stratospheric warming at the tropics correlative with stratospheric warming events at middle and high latitudes. Planetary waves m=1 with periods of 4–5, 6–8, 10 and 12–18 days are found to dominate the period. Westward 7- and 16-day waves at the tropics appear enhanced by stationary planetary waves during sudden stratospheric warming events. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - TROPICS
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Stratospheric warming
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Tropical mesosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 28080922; Shepherd, M.G. 1; Email Address: mshepher@yorku.ca Wu, D.L. 2 Fedulina, I.N. 3 Gurubaran, S. 4 Russell, J.M. 5 Mlynczak, M.G. 6 Shepherd, G.G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto Ont., Canada M3J 1P3  2: Microwave Atmos. Sc., M/S 183-701, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., JPL/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Institute of Ionosphere, Kamenskoe Plato, Almaty 480020, Kazakhstan  4: Equatorial Geophysical Research Laboratory, Indian Institute of Geomagnetism Krishnapuram, Tirunelveli 627 011, India  5: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 69 Issue 17/18, p2309; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Subject Term: TROPICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical mesosphere; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.04.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - López-González, M.J.
AU  - García-Comas, M.
AU  - Rodríguez, E.
AU  - López-Puertas, M.
AU  - Shepherd, M.G.
AU  - Shepherd, G.G.
AU  - Sargoytchev, S.
AU  - Aushev, V.M.
AU  - Smith, S.M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
AU  - Russell, J.M.
AU  - Brown, S.
AU  - Cho, Y.-M.
AU  - Wiens, R.H.
T1  - Ground-based mesospheric temperatures at mid-latitude derived from O2 and OH airglow SATI data: Comparison with SABER measurements
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 69
IS  - 17/18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2379
EP  - 2390
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: Rotational temperatures obtained from the O2 Atmospheric (0–1) nightglow band and from the OH (6–2) band, with a Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) instrument at Sierra Nevada Observatory (, ) are presented. A revision of the temperatures obtained from the Q branch of the (6–2) Meinel band has been undertaken. First, new experimental Einstein coefficients for these lines have been introduced and the temperatures derived from the Q lines (1, 2 and 3) of the (6–2) OH Meinel band have been compared to those deduced from the P lines (2 and 4) of the same band of spectra taken by a spectrograph at Boston University. The new set of SATI data has been used to analyse the seasonal behaviour of the mesospheric and lower thermospheric temperatures. Atmospheric temperatures deduced from SATI and from satellite observations with the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on board the TIMED satellite, have also been compared. SABER temperatures at 95km are slightly warmer (about 2.5K) than SATI temperatures while at 87 km they are slightly colder (about 5.7K). Also, similar patterns of seasonal and day to day variations are found in the temperatures retrieved from both instruments at the latitude of . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL optics
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photography
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - Airglow
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 28080926; López-González, M.J. 1; Email Address: mjlg@iaa.es García-Comas, M. 1 Rodríguez, E. 1 López-Puertas, M. 1 Shepherd, M.G. 2 Shepherd, G.G. 2 Sargoytchev, S. 2 Aushev, V.M. 3 Smith, S.M. 4 Mlynczak, M.G. 5 Russell, J.M. 6 Brown, S. 2 Cho, Y.-M. 2 Wiens, R.H. 7; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, CSIC, P.O. Box 3004, E-18080 Granada, Spain  2: CRESS, York University, 4700 Keele St., North York, Ont., Canada M3J 1P3  3: Institute of Ionosphere, Ministry of Education and Science, Almaty 050020, Kazakhstan  4: Centre for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  6: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  7: Toronto, Ont., Canada; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 69 Issue 17/18, p2379; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL optics; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photography; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airglow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2007.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nyman, Bruce
AU  - Itzler, Mark
AU  - Xudong Jiang
AU  - Krainak, Mike
T1  - High-efficiency 1.06-micron single photon counting avalanche photodiodes.
JO  - Military & Aerospace Electronics
JF  - Military & Aerospace Electronics
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 14
PB  - PennWell Corporation
SN  - 10469079
AB  - The article discusses the applications of a 1.06 microns single photons in a light detection and ranging (lidar) systems for remote sensing and ranging in the U.S. The silicon-based photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) used at this wavelength have a low detection efficiency at 1.06 microns. On the other hand, SPADS which contains a wavelength of 1.5 microns have detection efficiencies of 20%. Moreover, the LIDAR systems for remote sensing and ranging can operate neither free running mode.
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - MICROWAVE detectors
KW  - AVALANCHE diodes
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 27995215; Nyman, Bruce 1 Itzler, Mark 1 Xudong Jiang 1 Krainak, Mike 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 8 Issue 12, p14; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: MICROWAVE detectors; Subject Term: AVALANCHE diodes; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Capadona, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Van Den Berg, Otto
AU  - Capadona, Lynn A.
AU  - Schroeter, Michael
AU  - Rowan, Stuart J.
AU  - Tyler, Dustin J.
AU  - Weder, Christoph
T1  - A versatile approach for the processing of polymer nanocomposites with self-assembled nanofibre templates.
JO  - Nature Nanotechnology
JF  - Nature Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 2
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 769
SN  - 17483387
AB  - The incorporation of nanoparticles into polymers is a design approach that is used in many areas of materials science. The concept is attractive because it enables the creation of materials with new or improved properties by mixing multiple constituents and exploiting synergistic effects. One important technological thrust is the development of structural materials with improved mechanical and thermal characteristics. Equally intriguing is the possibility to design functional materials with unique optical or electronic properties, catalytic activity or selective permeation. The broad technological exploitation of polymer nanocomposites is, however, stifled by the lack of effective methods to control nanoparticle dispersion. We report a simple and versatile process for the formation of homogeneous polymer/nanofibre composites. The approach is based on the formation of a three-dimensional template of well-individualized nanofibres, which is filled with any polymer of choice. We demonstrate that this template approach is broadly applicable and allows for the fabrication of otherwise inaccessible nanocomposites of immiscible components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Nanotechnology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - NANOFIBERS
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
N1  - Accession Number: 32097037; Capadona, Jeffrey R. 1,2,3 Van Den Berg, Otto 1 Capadona, Lynn A. 4 Schroeter, Michael 1,5 Rowan, Stuart J. 1,2,3,6 Tyler, Dustin J. 2,3 Weder, Christoph 1,2,6; Email Address: christoph.weder@case.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA  2: Rehabilitation Research and Development, Louis Stokes Cleveland DVA Medical Center, 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA  3: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA  4: Polymeric Materials Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  5: Institute for Polymer Research, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany  6: Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 2 Issue 12, p765; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: NANOFIBERS; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nnano.2007.379
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Joel
T1  - The SMM model as a boundary value problem using the discrete diffusion equation
JO  - Theoretical Population Biology
JF  - Theoretical Population Biology
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 72
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 539
EP  - 546
SN  - 00405809
AB  - Abstract: A generalized single-step stepwise mutation model (SMM) is developed that takes into account an arbitrary initial state to a certain partial difference equation. This is solved in both the approximate continuum limit and the more exact discrete form. A time evolution model is developed for Y DNA or mtDNA that takes into account the reflective boundary modeling minimum microsatellite length and the original difference equation. A comparison is made between the more widely known continuum Gaussian model and a discrete model, which is based on modified Bessel functions of the first kind. A correction is made to the SMM model for the probability that two individuals are related that takes into account a reflecting boundary modeling minimum microsatellite length. This method is generalized to take into account the general n-step model and exact solutions are found. A new model is proposed for the step distribution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Population Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - Bessel
KW  - Discrete diffusion
KW  - Infinite alleles
KW  - Microsatellite
KW  - n-step
KW  - SMM
KW  - Stepwise mutation
N1  - Accession Number: 27229173; Campbell, Joel 1; Email Address: joel.f.campbell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 488, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 72 Issue 4, p539; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bessel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infinite alleles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microsatellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: n-step; Author-Supplied Keyword: SMM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stepwise mutation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tpb.2007.08.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27229173&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marantidou, O.
AU  - Loukopoulou, L.
AU  - Zervou, E.
AU  - Martinis, G.
AU  - Egglezou, A.
AU  - Fountouli, P.
AU  - Dimoxenous, P.
AU  - Parara, M.
AU  - Gavalaki, M.
AU  - Maniatis, A.
T1  - Factors that motivate and hinder blood donation in Greece.
JO  - Transfusion Medicine
JF  - Transfusion Medicine
Y1  - 2007/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 450
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 09587578
AB  - Donations in Greece are insufficient to cover the high transfusion needs arising from large numbers of thalassaemia and sickle cell anaemia patients and the implementation of new surgical techniques. Efforts to achieve self-sufficiency, and to render blood supplies safer and manageable must focus on recruiting and retaining more volunteer donors and on converting the large pool of replacement donors. The aim of the study was to gain insight into public perception regarding the risks of donation and transfusion and to identify the factors that would motivate more people in Greece to regularly donate blood. Questionnaires were distributed to 1600 donors at the blood bank and visitors to hospitals at 11 locations across the country. Data on demographics, donation behaviour, incentives, risk perception and attitudes towards donation and transfusion were analysed separately for volunteer and replacement donors and non-donors. The results showed that women and young people donate the least in Greece. Also, many donors do not donate because they are not reminded to. A small percentage of donors confessed to having concealed part of the truth to background questions. Overall, incentives to donate were considered important and included future availability of blood for self or family, paid leave from work and free blood tests. Recruitment and retention efforts should include better communication with current donors, and raising awareness among eligible donors. Staff should be educated in soliciting information from potential donors, and incentives should be better aligned to avoid conflict with ethical values and ensure honesty in the prescreening process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transfusion Medicine is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLOOD donors
KW  - GOVERNMENT policy
KW  - BLOOD transfusion
KW  - BLOOD collection
KW  - DIRECTED blood donations
KW  - SAFETY measures
KW  - GREECE
KW  - blood
KW  - incentives
KW  - perception
KW  - replacement
KW  - risk
KW  - volunteer
N1  - Accession Number: 27649750; Marantidou, O.; Email Address: olga_marantidou@hotmail.com Loukopoulou, L. 1 Zervou, E. 2 Martinis, G. 3 Egglezou, A. 4 Fountouli, P. 5 Dimoxenous, P. 6 Parara, M. 7 Gavalaki, M. 8 Maniatis, A. 9; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, CA, USA  2: Blood Bank, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece  3: Blood Bank, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece  4: Blood Bank, Papanikolaou Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece  5: Blood Bank, University Hospital of Hrakleio, Crete, Greece  6: Blood Bank, Mamatseio Hospital, Kozani, Greece  7: Blood Bank, Euaggelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece  8: Blood Bank, Laikon Hospital, Athens, Greece  9: Haematology Clinic, Henry Dunan Hospital, Athens, Greece; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p443; Subject Term: BLOOD donors; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Subject Term: BLOOD transfusion; Subject Term: BLOOD collection; Subject Term: DIRECTED blood donations; Subject Term: SAFETY measures; Subject Term: GREECE; Author-Supplied Keyword: blood; Author-Supplied Keyword: incentives; Author-Supplied Keyword: perception; Author-Supplied Keyword: replacement; Author-Supplied Keyword: risk; Author-Supplied Keyword: volunteer; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-3148.2007.00797.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palinkas, Lawrence A.
AU  - Reedy, Kathleen R.
AU  - Shepanek, Marc
AU  - Smith, Mark
AU  - Anghel, Mihai
AU  - Steel, Gary D.
AU  - Reeves, Dennis
AU  - Case, H. Samuel
AU  - Do, Nhan Van
AU  - Reed, H. Lester
T1  - Environmental influences on hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid function and behavior in Antarctica
JO  - Physiology & Behavior
JF  - Physiology & Behavior
Y1  - 2007/12/05/
VL  - 92
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 790
EP  - 799
SN  - 00319384
AB  - Abstract: We examined the physiological and psychological status of men and women who spent the summer (n =100) and/or winter (n =85) seasons in Antarctica at McMurdo (latitude 78.48 S, elevation 12 m) and South Pole (latitude 90 S, elevation 3880 m) stations to determine whether there were any significant differences by severity of the stations'' physical environment. Physiological measures (body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, tympanic temperature), serum measures of thyroid hormones, cortisol, and lipids and plasma catecholamines were obtained at predeployment (Sep–Oct) and the beginning of the summer (November) and winter (Mar–Apr) seasons. Cognitive performance and mood were assessed using the Automatic Neuropsychological Assessment Metric — Isolated and Confined Environments (ANAM-ICE), a computerized test battery. South Pole residents had a lower body mass index (p <0.05) and body temperature (p <0.01) and higher levels of plasma norepinephrine (p <0.05) in summer and winter than McMurdo residents. Upon deployment from the United States and during the summer, South Pole residents experienced significantly higher thyroid hormone values (free and total T3 and T4) (p <0.01) than McMurdo residents; in summer they also experienced lower levels of triglycerides (p <0.01) cortisol (p <0.05) and LDL (p <0.05). In winter, South Pole residents also experienced a 39% decrease in serum TSH compared with a 31.9% increase in McMurdo (p <0.05). South Pole residents also were significantly more accurate (p <0.05) and efficient (p <0.01) in performance of complex cognitive tasks in summer and winter. Higher thyroid hormone levels, combined with lower BMI and body temperature, may reflect increased metabolic and physiological responses to colder temperatures and/or higher altitude at South Pole with no apparent adverse effect on mood and cognition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physiology & Behavior is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HORMONES
KW  - BLOOD plasma
KW  - BODY temperature regulation
KW  - BODY weight
KW  - Altitude
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cold
KW  - Human
KW  - Mood
KW  - Thermoregulation
KW  - Thyroid hormones
N1  - Accession Number: 27532075; Palinkas, Lawrence A. 1; Email Address: palinkas@usc.edu Reedy, Kathleen R. 2 Shepanek, Marc 3 Smith, Mark 4 Anghel, Mihai 5 Steel, Gary D. 6 Reeves, Dennis 7 Case, H. Samuel 8 Do, Nhan Van 9 Reed, H. Lester 10; Affiliation:  1: School of Social Work, University of Southern California, 669 W. 34th Street, Los Angeles CA, 90089-0411, USA  2: US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C., USA  4: Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20037, USA  5: Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  6: Lincoln University, Christchurch, New Zealand  7: Clinvest, Inc., Springfield, MO 65807, USA  8: Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD 21157, USA  9: Endocrine Service, Department of Medicine, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, WA 98431, USA  10: MultiCare Health System, Tacoma, WA 98415, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p790; Subject Term: HORMONES; Subject Term: BLOOD plasma; Subject Term: BODY temperature regulation; Subject Term: BODY weight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Altitude; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mood; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoregulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thyroid hormones; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.06.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O’Keeffe, James
AU  - Cozmuta, Ioana
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
T1  - A predictive MD-Nernst–Planck model for transport in alpha-hemolysin: Modeling anisotropic ion currents
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2007/12/06/
VL  - 342
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
EP  - 32
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: A multiscale simulation approach, combining molecular dynamics (MD) and Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) models is used to predict voltage-driven KCl current flow through an α-hemolysin channel. I–V characteristics are calculated for salt concentrations ranging from 50mM to 3M. The results show that the fixed charge distribution in the pore walls acts like a macrodipole and introduces a diffusion current component that is responsible for the well-established anisotropic current response. We show that for KCl concentrations in the biological range (50–100mM), where the Debye length is calculated to be ∼4Å, ion currents are dominated by the diffusion component. Conversely, for KCl concentrations in excess of 1M ion currents approach an isotropic, surface chemistry invariant limit. We calculate 0.1M I–V characteristics for a range of protein dielectric constant ε p and show that ε p ∼21, is appropriate to account for protein relaxation and self-energy polarization contributions, and is necessary to avoid overestimating the ion current. We show that a generalize form of the Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz (GHK) current equation, using the calculated channel voltage profile captures the current rectifying nature of the α-hemolysin channel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEMBRANE proteins
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - Alpha-hemolysin
KW  - Conductance
KW  - Ion channels
KW  - Ion currents
KW  - Poisson–Nernst–Planck
N1  - Accession Number: 27742631; O’Keeffe, James; Email Address: jokeeffe@mail.arc.nasa.gov Cozmuta, Ioana 1 Bose, Deepak 1 Stolc, Viktor 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 342 Issue 1-3, p25; Subject Term: MEMBRANE proteins; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alpha-hemolysin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conductance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poisson–Nernst–Planck; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevenson, Tesheka O.
AU  - Mercer, Kristina B.
AU  - Cox, Elisabeth A.
AU  - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - Hardin, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Benian, Guy M.
T1  - unc-94 Encodes a Tropomodulin in Caenorhabditis elegans
JO  - Journal of Molecular Biology
JF  - Journal of Molecular Biology
Y1  - 2007/12/07/
VL  - 374
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 936
EP  - 950
SN  - 00222836
AB  - Abstract: unc-94 is one of about 40 genes in Caenorhabditis elegans that, when mutant, displays an abnormal muscle phenotype. Two mutant alleles of unc-94, su177 and sf20, show reduced motility and brood size and disorganization of muscle structure. In unc-94 mutants, immunofluorescence microscopy shows that a number of known sarcomeric proteins are abnormal, but the most dramatic effect is in the localization of F-actin, with some abnormally accumulated near muscle cell-to-cell boundaries. Electron microscopy shows that unc-94(sf20) mutants have large accumulations of thin filaments near the boundaries of adjacent muscle cells. Multiple lines of evidence prove that unc-94 encodes a tropomodulin, a conserved protein known from other systems to bind to both actin and tropomyosin at the pointed ends of actin thin filaments. su177 is a splice site mutation in intron 1, which is specific to one of the two unc-94 isoforms, isoform a; sf20 has a stop codon in exon 5, which is shared by both isoform a and isoform b. The use of promoter-green fluorescent protein constructs in transgenic animals revealed that unc-94a is expressed in body wall, vulval and uterine muscles, whereas unc-94b is expressed in pharyngeal, anal depressor, vulval and uterine muscles and in spermatheca and intestinal epithelial cells. By Western blot, anti-UNC-94 antibodies detect polypeptides of expected size from wild type, wild-type-sized proteins of reduced abundance from unc-94(su177), and no detectable unc-94 products from unc-94(sf20). Using these same antibodies, UNC-94 localizes as two closely spaced parallel lines flanking the M-lines, consistent with localization to the pointed ends of thin filaments. In addition, UNC-94 is localized near muscle cell-to-cell boundaries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Biology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GREEN fluorescent protein
KW  - FLUORESCENT polymers
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
KW  - C. elegans
KW  - green fluorescent protein ( GFP )
KW  - myofibrils
KW  - myosin heavy chain A ( MHC A )
KW  - RNA-mediated interference ( RNAi )
KW  - single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP )
KW  - striated muscle
KW  - thin filaments
KW  - tropomodulin
N1  - Accession Number: 27433341; Stevenson, Tesheka O. 1,2 Mercer, Kristina B. 1 Cox, Elisabeth A. 3 Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. 4,5 Conley, Catharine A. 4 Hardin, Jeffrey D. 3 Benian, Guy M. 1; Email Address: pathgb@emory.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA  2: Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA  3: Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 374 Issue 4, p936; Subject Term: GREEN fluorescent protein; Subject Term: FLUORESCENT polymers; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. elegans; Author-Supplied Keyword: green fluorescent protein ( GFP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: myofibrils; Author-Supplied Keyword: myosin heavy chain A ( MHC A ); Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA-mediated interference ( RNAi ); Author-Supplied Keyword: single nucleotide polymorphism ( SNP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: striated muscle; Author-Supplied Keyword: thin filaments; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropomodulin; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27433341&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cirtain, J. W.
AU  - Golub, L.
AU  - Lundquist, L.
AU  - van Ballegooijen, A.
AU  - Savcheva, A.
AU  - Shimojo, M.
AU  - DeLuca, E.
AU  - Tsuneta, S.
AU  - Sakao, T.
AU  - Reeves, K.
AU  - Weber, M.
AU  - Kano, R.
AU  - Narukage, N.
AU  - Shibasaki, K.
T1  - Evidence for Alfvén Waves in Solar X-ray Jets.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2007/12/07/
VL  - 318
IS  - 5856
M3  - Article
SP  - 1580
EP  - 1582
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Coronal magnetic fields are dynamic, and field lines may misalign, reassemble, and release energy by means of magnetic reconnection. Giant releases may generate solar flares and coronal mass ejections and, on a smaller scale, produce x-ray jets. Hinode observations of polar coronal holes reveal that x-ray jets have two distinct velocities: one near the Alfvén speed (~800 kilometers per second) and another near the sound speed (200 kilometers per second). Many more jets were seen than have been reported previously; we detected an average of 10 events per hour up to these speeds, whereas previous observations documented only a handful per day with lower average speeds of 200 kilometers per second. The x-ray jets are about 2 × 103 to 2 × 104 kilometers wide and 1 × 105 kilometers long and last from 100 to 2500 seconds. The large number of events, coupled with the high velocities of the apparent outflows, indicates that the jets may contribute to the high-speed solar wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC reconnection
KW  - SOLAR corona
KW  - SPEED
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - SIZE reduction of materials
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - ENGINEERING
N1  - Accession Number: 29380669; Cirtain, J. W. 1,2; Email Address: Jonathan.W.Cirtain@nasa.gov Golub, L. 1 Lundquist, L. 1 van Ballegooijen, A. 1 Savcheva, A. 1 Shimojo, M. 3 DeLuca, E. 1 Tsuneta, S. 4 Sakao, T. 5 Reeves, K. 1 Weber, M. 1 Kano, R. 4 Narukage, N. 5 Shibasaki, K. 3; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) VP62, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  3: Nobeyama Solar Radio Observatory, Nobeyama, Nagano 384-1305, Japan  4: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan  5: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan; Source Info: 12/7/2007, Vol. 318 Issue 5856, p1580; Subject Term: MAGNETIC reconnection; Subject Term: SOLAR corona; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: SIZE reduction of materials; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Slikker Jr., William
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
AU  - Trembly, Bruce
T1  - Preface.
JO  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Y1  - 2007/12/11/
VL  - 1122
M3  - Other
SP  - xi
EP  - xiii
SN  - 00778923
AB  - A preface for the 2007 issue of the "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences" is presented.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - NEUROPROTECTIVE agents
N1  - Accession Number: 27785548; Slikker Jr., William 1 Andrews, Russell J. 2 Trembly, Bruce 3; Affiliation:  1: FDA, National Center for Toxicological Research  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  3: Veterans Affairs Medical Cente,r Togus, Maine; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 1122, pxi; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: NEUROPROTECTIVE agents; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Other
L3  - 10.1196/annals.1403.000
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ANDREWS, RUSSELL J.
T1  - Neuroprotection at the Nanolevel—Part I.
JO  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Y1  - 2007/12/11/
VL  - 1122
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 184
SN  - 00778923
AB  - Nanoneurosurgery demands a departure from the traditional “excise what you can see and touch” role of neurosurgeons. Moreover, there is a conceptual leap necessary for neuroscientists as well as neurosurgeons in developing and applying nanotechniques to neurosurgery at the nanolevel. After introducing the realm of nanotechnology and some unique properties of nanomaterials, I review several of the nanotechniques in development that are most likely to affect neuroprotection at the nanolevel. These techniques include quantum dot “nanobarcode” labeling of cellular and subcellular entities, as well as nanotechniques for following enzymatic reactions in real time. Nanoscaffolds offer mechanical enhancement of neurorepair; carbon nanotube electrode arrays can provide nanolevel electrical and chemical enhancement. Even traditional “cut and sew” surgery is being taken down to the micron, if not nano, level for single axon repair, and the technology can use capillaries to deliver therapeutics to virtually any portion of the nervous system with greater than pinpoint accuracy. In this report, I use these nanotechniques to introduce the multiplex nanodevices under development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - BRAIN stimulation
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - NEUROPROTECTIVE agents
KW  - SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - SPINAL cord -- Diseases
KW  - CENTRAL nervous system -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - BRAIN function localization
KW  - NERVOUS system -- Diseases
KW  - TREATMENT
KW  - carbon nanotubes
KW  - nanoelectrode arrays
KW  - nanoscaffolds
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - neuromodulation
KW  - neuroprotection
KW  - quantum dots
N1  - Accession Number: 27785536; ANDREWS, RUSSELL J. 1; Email Address: rja@russelljandrews.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 1122, p169; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: BRAIN stimulation; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: NEUROPROTECTIVE agents; Subject Term: SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: SPINAL cord -- Diseases; Subject Term: CENTRAL nervous system -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: BRAIN function localization; Subject Term: NERVOUS system -- Diseases; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoelectrode arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoscaffolds; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: neuromodulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: neuroprotection; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantum dots; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1196/annals.1403.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ANDREWS, RUSSELL J.
T1  - Neuroprotection at the Nanolevel—Part II.
JO  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Y1  - 2007/12/11/
VL  - 1122
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 196
SN  - 00778923
AB  - Nanotechniques presented in this article's companion report are being multiplexed into nanodevices that promise to greatly advance our understanding and treatment of many nervous system disorders. Current neuromodulation techniques for deep brain stimulation have major drawbacks, such as large size (in comparison with ideal of small neuron group stimulation), lack of feedback monitoring of brain electrical activity, and high electrical current needs. Carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays address these drawbacks and offer the possibility of monitoring neurotransmitter levels at the synapse/neuronal level in real time. Such arrays can monitor and modulate electrochemical events occurring among neural networks, which should add greatly to our understanding of neuronal communication. A multiplex nanodevice for studying (and enhancing) axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury is also being developed. The nanotechniques described in the companion piece are combined in a micron-sized neural growth tube lined with nanodevices through which the regenerating axon extends—allowing continuous monitoring and modulation of the axon's electrochemical environment plus directional guidance with a biodegradable nanoscaffold. Multifunction nanodevices provide opportunities for neuronal (and subneuronal) monitoring and modulation that will enhance neuroprotection and neurorepair far beyond the micro- and macrolevel techniques used heretofore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - BRAIN stimulation
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - NEUROPROTECTIVE agents
KW  - SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - SPINAL cord -- Diseases
KW  - CENTRAL nervous system -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - BRAIN function localization
KW  - NERVOUS system -- Diseases
KW  - TREATMENT
KW  - carbon nanotubes
KW  - deep brain stimulation
KW  - nanoelectrode arrays
KW  - nanoscaffolds
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - neuromodulation
KW  - neuroprotection
KW  - quantum dots
KW  - spinal cord injury
N1  - Accession Number: 27785535; ANDREWS, RUSSELL J. 1; Email Address: rja@russelljandrews.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 1122, p185; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: BRAIN stimulation; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: NEUROPROTECTIVE agents; Subject Term: SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: SPINAL cord -- Diseases; Subject Term: CENTRAL nervous system -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: BRAIN function localization; Subject Term: NERVOUS system -- Diseases; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep brain stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoelectrode arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoscaffolds; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: neuromodulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: neuroprotection; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantum dots; Author-Supplied Keyword: spinal cord injury; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1196/annals.1403.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prabhu  U. Arumugam
AU  - Hua  Chen
AU  - Alan  M. Cassell
AU  - Jun  Li
T1  - Dielectrophoretic Trapping of Single Bacteria at Carbon Nanofiber Nanoelectrode Arrays.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2007/12/13/
VL  - 111
IS  - 49
M3  - Article
SP  - 12772
EP  - 12777
SN  - 10895639
AB  - We present an ac dielectrophoretic (DEP) technique for single-cell trapping using embedded carbon nanofiber (CNF) nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs). NEAs fabricated by inlaying vertically aligned carbon nanofibers in SiO2matrix are applied as “points-and-lid” DEP devices in aqueous solution. The miniaturization of the electrode size provides a highly focused electrical field with the gradient enhanced by orders of magnitude. This generates extremely large positive DEP forces near the electrode surface and traps small bioparticles against strong hydrodynamic forces. This technology promises new capabilities to perform novel cell biology experiments at the nanoscale. We anticipate that the bottom-up approach of such nano-DEP devices allows the integration of millions of nanolectrodes deterministically in lab-on-a-chip devices and will be generally useful for manipulating submicron particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTROPHORESIS
KW  - FUNGUS-bacterium relationships
KW  - NANOFIBERS
KW  - CYTOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 27791835; Prabhu  U. Arumugam 1 Hua  Chen 1 Alan  M. Cassell 1 Jun  Li 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, University Affiliated ResearchCenter of University of CaliforniaSanta Cruz, Moffett Field, California 94035, and ELORET,Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 111 Issue 49, p12772; Subject Term: DIELECTROPHORESIS; Subject Term: FUNGUS-bacterium relationships; Subject Term: NANOFIBERS; Subject Term: CYTOLOGY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gintert, Michael J.
AU  - Jana, Sadhan C.
AU  - Miller, Sandi G.
T1  - An optimum organic treatment of nanoclay for PMR-15 nanocomposites
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2007/12/13/
VL  - 48
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 7573
EP  - 7581
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: The present study examined ion exchange of layered silicate clay by ammonium ions and investigated thermal dissociation of ammonium ions and the presence of nadic endgroups in ammonium ions on the potential of clay exfoliation in nanocomposites of PMR-15 (an oligomer with molecular weight 1500). A novel method of organoclay exfoliation was used. It involved organoclay intercalation by lower molecular weight PMR-5 oligomer, dispersion of PMR-5/clay mixture in higher molecular weight PMR-15 resin, and curing of the resultant mixtures at approximately 315°C. The PMR-5 resin residing inside the clay galleries underwent crosslinking during curing and produced higher elastic forces to facilitate clay platelets exfoliation against a slower rising viscous force in the matrix PMR-15 resin. It was found that the ammonium ions with nadic endgroups participated in intra-gallery PMR-5 resin crosslinking reactions and promoted better exfoliation compared to non-reactive ammonium ions. Improvements in thermal and mechanical properties were also observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLAY
KW  - AMMONIUM ions
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - CROSSLINKING (Polymerization)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - Layered silicate clay
KW  - Nanocomposites
KW  - Organic treatment
N1  - Accession Number: 27831716; Gintert, Michael J. 1 Jana, Sadhan C. 1; Email Address: janas@uakron.edu Miller, Sandi G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-0301, United States  2: Polymers Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Dec2007, Vol. 48 Issue 26, p7573; Subject Term: CLAY; Subject Term: AMMONIUM ions; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: CROSSLINKING (Polymerization); Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Layered silicate clay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27831716&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Teleoperation from Mars orbit: A proposal for human exploration
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 65
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: An effective program for Mars exploration should proceed in steps. The best strategy for the initial human missions to Mars may be to put the humans into Mars orbit and explore the surface by telerobotic operation. This could provide the benefits of human exploration at greatly reduced risk and cost. Telecontrol of Mars surface robots from a Mars-orbital habitat would give human nearly “real time” virtual presence with minimum time delay, allowing high-fidelity virtual exploration of the surface. It is a cheaper, simpler, and safer way to explore, and hence it will be a faster way to investigate a wide variety of locations, from the polar caps to near-equatorial canyon regions. Teleoperation also enhances planetary protection in both directions, protecting Mars from contamination by Earth life and keeping humans from exposure to possible Mars microbes, and has the potential for valuable spin-off technologies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 27639540; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.a.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p59; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: ORBIT; Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.12.049
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miles, Jeffrey Hilton
T1  - Separating Turbofan Engine Noise Sources Using Autoand Cross Spectra from Four Microphones.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 61
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The study of core noise from turbofan engines has become more important as noise from other sources such as the fan and jet were reduced. A multiple-microphone and acoustic-source modeling method to separate correlated and uncorrelated sources is discussed. The auto- and cross spectra in the frequency range below 1000 Hz are fitted with a noise propagation model based on a source couplet consisting of a single incoherent monopole source with a single coherent monopole source or a source triplet consisting of a single incoherent monopole source with two coherent monopole point sources. Examples are presented using data from a Pratt& Whitney PW4098 turbofan engine. The method separates the low-frequency jet noise from the core noise at the nozzle exit. It is shown that at low power settings, the core noise is a major contributor to the noise. Even at higher power settings, it can be more important than jet noise. However, at low frequencies, uncorrelated broadband noise and jet noise become the important factors as the engine power setting is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - NOISE
KW  - SOUND
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 28633994; Miles, Jeffrey Hilton 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p61; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.25177
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sunderland, Peter B.
AU  - Haylett, James E.
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
T1  - Lengths of laminar jet diffusion flames under elevated gravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 152
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 60
EP  - 68
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: There are two prevalent scaling relationships for lengths of laminar jet diffusion flames on circular burners. Experimental studies of earth-gravity and microgravity flames generally invoke a linear relationship between normalized flame length and Reynolds number. In contrast, most studies conducted at elevated gravity have correlated flame lengths with a function of Reynolds and Froude numbers. An important distinction between these scalings is that the Reynolds scaling indicates that stoichiometric flame length is independent of gravity level, whereas the Reynolds–Froude scaling indicates that length decreases with increased gravity. The present work examines the ability of both approaches to correlate laminar hydrogen, methane, ethane, and propane flame lengths for a range of 1–15 times earth gravity. The Reynolds scaling is shown to accurately correlate the length measurements at both earth gravity and elevated gravity. The Reynolds–Froude scaling also correlates the measurements, but its theoretical basis is less rigorous, it does not account as accurately for variations in fuel flowrate, it does not admit microgravity flames, and past predictions of its behavior at low and high Froude number are not supported even with the present extension of Froude number to over eight orders of magnitude. It is shown that the observed reduction in luminosity length at elevated gravity can be attributed to soot interference and that stoichiometric flame length is independent of gravity except in the approach to microgravity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - Centrifuge
KW  - Flame shape
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Slot burner
KW  - Soot
N1  - Accession Number: 27879347; Sunderland, Peter B. 1; Email Address: pbs@umd.edu Haylett, James E. 2 Urban, David L. 3 Nayagam, Vedha 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 152 Issue 1/2, p60; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centrifuge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slot burner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2007.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lock, Andrew
AU  - Aggarwal, Suresh K.
AU  - Puri, Ishwar K.
AU  - Hegde, Uday
T1  - Suppression of fuel and air stream diluted methane–air partially premixed flames in normal and microgravity
JO  - Fire Safety Journal
JF  - Fire Safety Journal
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 35
SN  - 03797112
AB  - Abstract: The effects of fuel and air stream dilution (ASD) with carbon dioxide on the suppression of normal and microgravity laminar methane–air partially premixed coflow jet flames were experimentally and numerically investigated. Experiments were conducted both in our normal-gravity laboratory and at the NASA Glenn Research Center 2.2s drop tower. Measurements included flame topology and liftoff heights of diluted flames, critical diluent mole fractions for flame blowout, and the radiant heat loss from flames. The flames were also simulated using an axisymmetric unsteady numerical code that utilizes detailed chemistry and transport models. In addition, counterflow flame simulation results were used to examine similitude between the counterflow and coflow flame suppression, and further characterize the effectiveness of fuel stream versus ASD on flame extinction. A smaller relative fuel stream dilution (FSD) extinguishes partially premixed flames (PPFs) with increasing premixing as compared to dilution of the air stream. Conversely, smaller ASD is required to extinguish PPFs as they become less premixed and approach nonpremixed (NP) behavior. Fuel stream diluted PPFs and air stream diluted NP flames extinguish primarily through a reactant dilution effect while fuel stream diluted NP flames and air stream diluted PPF are extinguished primarily by a thermal cooling effect. Normal gravity flames lift off and blow out with a smaller diluent mole fraction than microgravity flames. The difference between the fuel and ASD effectiveness increases as the gravitational acceleration is reduced. Radiation heat losses are observed to increase with increasing diluent mole fraction and decreasing gravity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - Flame suppression
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Liftoff and blowout
KW  - Partially premixed methane flames
N1  - Accession Number: 28404069; Lock, Andrew 1 Aggarwal, Suresh K. 1; Email Address: ska@uic.edu Puri, Ishwar K. 2 Hegde, Uday 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA  2: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p24; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame suppression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liftoff and blowout; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partially premixed methane flames; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.02.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nicholson, Philip D.
AU  - Hedman, Matthew M.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Showalter, Mark R.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - Capaccioni, Fabrizio
AU  - Cerroni, Priscilla
AU  - Hansen, Gary B.
AU  - Sicardy, Bruno
AU  - Drossart, Pierre
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Coradini, Angioletta
T1  - A close look at Saturn's rings with Cassini VIMS
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 193
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 182
EP  - 212
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Soon after the Cassini–Huygens spacecraft entered orbit about Saturn on 1 July 2004, its Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer obtained two continuous spectral scans across the rings, covering the wavelength range 0.35–5.1 μm, at a spatial resolution of 15–25 km. The first scan covers the outer C and inner B rings, while the second covers the Cassini Division and the entire A ring. Comparisons of the VIMS radial reflectance profile at 1.08 μm with similar profiles at a wavelength of 0.45 μm assembled from Voyager images show very little change in ring structure over the intervening 24 years, with the exception of a few features already known to be noncircular. A model for single-scattering by a classical, many-particle-thick slab of material with normal optical depths derived from the Voyager photopolarimeter stellar occultation is found to provide an excellent fit to the observed VIMS reflectance profiles for the C ring and Cassini Division, and an acceptable fit for the inner B ring. The A ring deviates significantly from such a model, consistent with previous suggestions that this region may be closer to a monolayer. An additional complication here is the azimuthally-variable average optical depth associated with “self-gravity wakes” in this region and the fact that much of the A ring may be a mixture of almost opaque wakes and relatively transparent interwake zones. Consistently with previous studies, we find that the near-infrared spectra of all main ring regions are dominated by water ice, with a typical regolith grain radius of 5–20 μm, while the steep decrease in visual reflectance shortward of 0.6 μm is suggestive of an organic contaminant, perhaps tholin-like. Although no materials other than H2O ice have been identified with any certainty in the VIMS spectra of the rings, significant radial variations are seen in the strength of the water–ice absorption bands. Across the boundary between the C and B rings, over a radial range of ∼7000 km, the near-IR band depths strengthen considerably. A very similar pattern is seen across the outer half of the Cassini Division and into the inner A ring, accompanied by a steepening of the red slope in the visible spectrum shortward of 0.55 μm. We attribute these trends—as well as smaller-scale variations associated with strong density waves in the A ring—to differing grain sizes in the tholin-contaminated icy regolith that covers the surfaces of the decimeter-to-meter sized ring particles. On the largest scale, the spectral variations seen by VIMS suggest that the rings may be divided into two larger ‘ring complexes,’ with similar internal variations in structure, optical depth, particle size, regolith texture and composition. The inner complex comprises the C and B rings, while the outer comprises the Cassini Division and A ring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - rings ( Saturn )
N1  - Accession Number: 27901203; Nicholson, Philip D. 1; Email Address: nicholso@astro.cornell.edu Hedman, Matthew M. 1 Clark, Roger N. 2 Showalter, Mark R. 3 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 4 Filacchione, Gianrico 5 Capaccioni, Fabrizio 5 Cerroni, Priscilla 5 Hansen, Gary B. 6 Sicardy, Bruno 7 Drossart, Pierre 7 Brown, Robert H. 8 Buratti, Bonnie J. 9 Baines, Kevin H. 9 Coradini, Angioletta 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: USGS, Mail Stop 964, PO Box 25046, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  3: SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94305, USA  5: Istituto de Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy  6: Department of Earth & Space Sciences, Box 351310, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  7: Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, F-92195, Meudon cedex, France  8: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  10: Istituto de Astrofisica de Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 193 Issue 1, p182; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: rings ( Saturn ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Tosi, F.
AU  - Gavrishin, A.I.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Adriani, A.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Formisano, V.
AU  - D'Aversa, E.
AU  - Lunine, J.I.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Combes, M.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
T1  - Identification of spectral units on Phoebe
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 193
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 233
EP  - 251
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We apply a multivariate statistical method to the Phoebe spectra collected by the VIMS experiment onboard the Cassini spacecraft during the flyby of June 2004. The G-mode clustering method, which permits identification of the most important features in a spectrum, is used on a small subset of data, characterized by medium and high spatial resolution, to perform a raw spectral classification of the surface of Phoebe. The combination of statistics and comparative analysis of the different areas using both the VIMS and ISS data is explored in order to highlight possible correlations with the surface geology. In general, the results by Clark et al. [Clark, R.N., Brown, R.H., Jaumann, R., Cruikshank, D.P., Nelson, R.M., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Lunine, J., Hoefen, T., Curchin, J.M., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Matz, K.-D., Baines, K.H., Bellucci, G., Bibring, J.-P., Capaccioni, F., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Formisano, V., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., 2005. Nature 435, 66–69] are confirmed; but we also identify new signatures not reported before, such as the aliphatic CH stretch at 3.53 μm and the ∼4.4 μm feature possibly related to cyanide compounds. On the basis of the band strengths computed for several absorption features and for the homogeneous spectral types isolated by the G-mode, a strong correlation of CO2 and aromatic hydrocarbons with exposed water ice, where the uniform layer covering Phoebe has been removed, is established. On the other hand, an anti-correlation of cyanide compounds with CO2 is suggested at a medium resolution scale. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOEBE (Satellite)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - composition ( Satellites )
KW  - Irregular satellites
KW  - satellites ( Saturn )
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 27901206; Coradini, A. 1; Email Address: coradini@ifsi-roma.inaf.it Tosi, F. 1 Gavrishin, A.I. 2 Capaccioni, F. 3 Cerroni, P. 3 Filacchione, G. 3 Adriani, A. 1 Brown, R.H. 4 Bellucci, G. 1 Formisano, V. 1 D'Aversa, E. 1 Lunine, J.I. 1,4 Baines, K.H. 5 Bibring, J.-P. 6 Buratti, B.J. 5 Clark, R.N. 7 Cruikshank, D.P. 8 Combes, M. 9 Drossart, P. 9 Jaumann, R. 10; Affiliation:  1: INAF-IFSI, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Area Ricerca Tor Vergata, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy  2: South-Russian State Technical University, Prosveschenia 132, Novocherkassk 346428, Russia  3: INAF-IASF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Area Ricerca Tor Vergata, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Steward Observatory, 1629 University Boulevard, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université de Paris-Sud, Bâtiment 121, F-91405 Orsay, France  7: US Geological Survey, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  9: Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92190 Meudon, France  10: Institute for Planetary Exploration, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 193 Issue 1, p233; Subject Term: PHOEBE (Satellite); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: composition ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Irregular satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Saturn ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.07.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qi Cheng
AU  - Varshney, Pramod K.
AU  - Michels, James H.
AU  - Belcastro, Celeste M.
T1  - Fault Detection in Dynamic Systems via Decision Fusion.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 227
EP  - 242
SN  - 00189251
AB  - Due to the growing demands for system reliability and availability of large amounts of data, efficient fault detection techniques for dynamic systems are desired. In this paper, we consider fault detection in dynamic systems monitored by multiple sensors. Normal and faulty behaviors can be modeled as two hypotheses. Due to communication constraints, it is assumed that sensors can only send binary data to the fusion center. Under the assumption of independent and identically distributed (IID) observations, we propose a distributed fault detection algorithm, including local detector design and decision fusion rule design, based on state estimation via particle filtering. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - COMMUNICATION & technology
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - PROXIMITY detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 32117810; Qi Cheng 1 Varshney, Pramod K. 2; Email Address: varshney@ecs.syr.edu Michels, James H. 3 Belcastro, Celeste M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK  2: Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244  3: JHM Technologies, P0 Box 4142, Ithaca, NY 14852  4: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 130, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p227; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION & technology; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: PROXIMITY detectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kingsley, Nickolas
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - Reconfigurable RF MEMS Phased Array Antenna Integrated Within a Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) System-on-Package.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
EP  - 118
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - For the first time, a fully integrated phased array antenna with radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF MEMS) switches on a flexible, organic substrate is demonstrated above 10 GHz. A low noise amplifier (LNA), MEMS phase shifter, and 2 × 2 patch antenna array are integrated into a system-on-package (SOP) on a liquid crystal polymer substrate. Two antenna arrays are compared; one implemented using a single-layer SOP and the second with a multilayer SOP. Both implementations are low-loss and capable of 12° of beam steering. The design frequency is 14 GHz and the measured return loss is greater than 12 dB for both implementations. The use of an LNA allows for a much higher radiated power level. These antennas can be customized to meet almost any size, frequency, and performance needed. This research furthers the state-of-the-art for organic SOP devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHASED array antennas
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - MECHATRONICS
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - Beam steering
KW  - flexible
KW  - liquid crystal polymer (LCP)
KW  - low noise amplifier (LNA)
KW  - multilayer
KW  - organic
KW  - phase shifter
KW  - phased array antenna
KW  - radio frequency microelectrome- chanical systems (RF MEMS)
KW  - system-on-package (SOP)
N1  - Accession Number: 32894176; Kingsley, Nickolas 1; Email Address: kingsley@gatech.edu Ponchak, George E. 2 Papapolymerou, John 3; Affiliation:  1: Auriga Measurement Systems, Lowell, MA 01854 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  3: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p108; Subject Term: PHASED array antennas; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Subject Term: MECHATRONICS; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beam steering; Author-Supplied Keyword: flexible; Author-Supplied Keyword: liquid crystal polymer (LCP); Author-Supplied Keyword: low noise amplifier (LNA); Author-Supplied Keyword: multilayer; Author-Supplied Keyword: organic; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase shifter; Author-Supplied Keyword: phased array antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio frequency microelectrome- chanical systems (RF MEMS); Author-Supplied Keyword: system-on-package (SOP); NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 19 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2007.913151
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choudhary, Vijay
AU  - Ledezma, Enrique
AU  - Ayyanar, Raja
AU  - Button, Robert M.
T1  - Fault Tolerant Circuit Topology and Control Method for Input-Series and Output-Parallel Modular DC-DC Converters.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 402
EP  - 411
SN  - 08858993
AB  - This paper presents a modular, fault tolerant dc-dc converter topology that utilizes common duty ratio control to ensure equal sharing of input voltage and output current in input-series output-parallel configuration. The input-series connection allows the use of low voltage MOSFET's optimized for very low RDS,ON resulting in lower conduction losses. The common-duty-ratio scheme does not require a dedicated control loop for input voltage or output current sharing. The fault tolerant protection and control scheme accommodates failure of one or more modules, and ensures input voltage and load current sharing among the remaining healthy modules. The design of a new sensing scheme for detection of fault is presented. The analysis of the topology and the underlying principles are presented. The dependence of peak current from the source and in the protection switch in case of failure of a single converter has been analyzed and the various design tradeoff issues are discussed. The theoretical predictions are validated with simulation and experimental results. The proposed method is simple and gives good dynamic response to changes in input, load, and during fault. This topology is especially suited for space applications where a high level of fault tolerance can be achieved through designed redundancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - DC-to-DC converters
KW  - ELECTRIC current converters
KW  - ON-chip charge pumps
KW  - VOLTAGE regulators
KW  - ELECTRIC controllers
KW  - Autonomous control
KW  - common duty ratio
KW  - fault tolerance
KW  - input-series and output-parallel (ISOP)
KW  - input-series connection
KW  - input-voltage sharing
KW  - load-current sharing
KW  - modular dc-dc converters
N1  - Accession Number: 28437333; Choudhary, Vijay 1; Email Address: vijay.choudhary@asu.edu Ledezma, Enrique 1; Email Address: enrique.ledezma@asu.edu Ayyanar, Raja 1; Email Address: rayyanar@asu.edu Button, Robert M. 2; Email Address: robert.button@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-5706 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p402; Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: DC-to-DC converters; Subject Term: ELECTRIC current converters; Subject Term: ON-chip charge pumps; Subject Term: VOLTAGE regulators; Subject Term: ELECTRIC controllers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomous control; Author-Supplied Keyword: common duty ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: input-series and output-parallel (ISOP); Author-Supplied Keyword: input-series connection; Author-Supplied Keyword: input-voltage sharing; Author-Supplied Keyword: load-current sharing; Author-Supplied Keyword: modular dc-dc converters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPEL.2007.911845
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28437333&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Oza, Nikunj C.
AU  - Tumer, Kagan
T1  - Applications of ensemble methods
JO  - Information Fusion
JF  - Information Fusion
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 2
EP  - 3
SN  - 15662535
N1  - Accession Number: 27154277; Oza, Nikunj C. 1; Email Address: oza@email.arc.nasa.gov Tumer, Kagan 2; Email Address: kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Oregon State University, 204, Rogers Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p2; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.inffus.2007.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oza, Nikunj C.
AU  - Tumer, Kagan
T1  - Classifier ensembles: Select real-world applications
JO  - Information Fusion
JF  - Information Fusion
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 20
SN  - 15662535
AB  - Abstract: Broad classes of statistical classification algorithms have been developed and applied successfully to a wide range of real-world domains. In general, ensuring that the particular classification algorithm matches the properties of the data is crucial in providing results that meet the needs of the particular application domain. One way in which the impact of this algorithm/application match can be alleviated is by using ensembles of classifiers, where a variety of classifiers (either different types of classifiers or different instantiations of the same classifier) are pooled before a final classification decision is made. Intuitively, classifier ensembles allow the different needs of a difficult problem to be handled by classifiers suited to those particular needs. Mathematically, classifier ensembles provide an extra degree of freedom in the classical bias/variance tradeoff, allowing solutions that would be difficult (if not impossible) to reach with only a single classifier. Because of these advantages, classifier ensembles have been applied to many difficult real-world problems. In this paper, we survey select applications of ensemble methods to problems that have historically been most representative of the difficulties in classification. In particular, we survey applications of ensemble methods to remote sensing, person recognition, one vs. all recognition, and medicine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Information Fusion is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - SET theory
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SYMMETRIC domains
KW  - Classifier ensembles
KW  - Ensemble applications
N1  - Accession Number: 27154278; Oza, Nikunj C. 1; Email Address: oza@email.arc.nasa.gov Tumer, Kagan 2; Email Address: kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  2: Oregon State University, 204, Rogers Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p4; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: SET theory; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SYMMETRIC domains; Author-Supplied Keyword: Classifier ensembles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ensemble applications; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.inffus.2007.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farhoomand, Jam
AU  - Sisson, David L.
AU  - Beeman, Jeff W.
T1  - Viability of layered-hybrid architecture for far IR focal-plane arrays
JO  - Infrared Physics & Technology
JF  - Infrared Physics & Technology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 152
EP  - 159
SN  - 13504495
AB  - Abstract: The standard planar hybrid architecture, commonly used to construct near and mid-infrared focal-plane arrays, is not suitable for far IR detectors where readout glow, lack of efficient heat dissipation, and thermal mismatch between the detector and the readout could potentially limit their performance. In response, a new layered-hybrid structure was introduced to alleviate these problems and make possible the construction of large format far IR FPAs. To assess the viability of this design, we have fabricated and tested a prototype 2×16 Ge:Sb array coupled to a 1×32 SBRC190 cryogenic readout in a construction similar to the layered-hybrid. In this paper we present the results of our tests which prove the effectiveness of the layered-hybrid structure in blocking the readout glow and providing uniform cooling across the array. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Infrared Physics & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ENGINEERING instruments
KW  - PHYSICS instruments
KW  - DETECTION alarms
KW  - Far IR
KW  - FPA
KW  - Germanium
KW  - Hybrid
KW  - Photoconductor
KW  - Submillimeter
N1  - Accession Number: 28112959; Farhoomand, Jam 1,2; Email Address: jfarhoomand@mail.arc.nasa.gov Sisson, David L. 1,2 Beeman, Jeff W. 3; Affiliation:  1: TechnoScience Corporation, P.O. Box 60658, Palo Alto, CA 94306, United States  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States  3: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p152; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING instruments; Subject Term: PHYSICS instruments; Subject Term: DETECTION alarms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Far IR; Author-Supplied Keyword: FPA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Germanium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoconductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Submillimeter; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.infrared.2007.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phillips, Thomas A.
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - MODELING OF A FERROELECTRIC FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR STATIC RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY CELL.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 96
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 74
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Ferroelectric devices provide many benefits over standard Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) devices. There is considerable interest in the aerospace industry in the reliability and radiation hardening effects that the ferroelectric memory devices provide. The modeling of a Ferroelectric Static Random Access Memory (FeSRAM) cell is to be investigated. The SRAM memory cell under investigation is a standard four transistor cell with the MOS Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) replaced with Ferroelectric Field Effect Transistors (FeFETs). The SRAM FeFETs were simulated by using a previously developed model. Comparisons were made between the FeSRAM and a standard MOSFET SRAM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductors
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
KW  - FERROELECTRIC crystals
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - FeFET
KW  - Ferroelectric Transistor
KW  - FeSRAM
KW  - FFET
KW  - MFSFET
KW  - SRAM
N1  - Accession Number: 32746730; Phillips, Thomas A. 1; Email Address: thomas.a.phillips@nasa.gov Macleod, Todd C. 1 Ho, Fat D. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812, USA  2: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 96 Issue 1, p69; Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC crystals; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectric Transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeSRAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFSFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: SRAM; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580802091813
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kanki, Barbara G.
AU  - Hobbs, Alan
T1  - Maintenance Human Factors: Introduction to the Special Issue.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - The article focuses on the condition of maintenance operation and facility management in the airline industry in the U.S. It mentions how the airline industry in the country managed their operations despite the criticalness to safety and reliability. Meanwhile, maintenance is one of the most expensive in terms of budget allocated by the industry and cites the adversity of maintenance errors and its result including cancellation of flights, flight delays, and even mishaps.
KW  - MAINTENANCE
KW  - FACILITY management
KW  - AIRLINE industry
KW  - INDUSTRIAL management
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 32038551; Kanki, Barbara G. 1; Email Address: barbara.g.kanki@nasa.gov Hobbs, Alan 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: San Jose State University Foundation, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MAINTENANCE; Subject Term: FACILITY management; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL management; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531120 Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410701749332
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32038551&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hobbs, Alan
AU  - Kanki, Barbara G.
T1  - Patterns of Error in Confidential Maintenance Incident Reports.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 16
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Confidential reports of maintenance incidents are a valuable source of information on maintenance errors and the contexts within which they occur. NASA's Aviation Safety Reporting System has been receiving an increasing number of maintenance incident reports since a specialized maintenance reporting form was introduced in 1996. In a series of studies, the database of ASRS maintenance incidents was examined using correspondence analysis, a statistical technique that converts complex data tables into a visual form. The analyses revealed patterns within the ASRS data set that would have otherwise been difficult to detect. The results have implications for a range of purposes including human factors training, the design of procedures, and the identification of improvements in aircraft design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAINTENANCE
KW  - HUMAN error
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - SAFETY
KW  - OCCUPATIONAL training
N1  - Accession Number: 32038550; Hobbs, Alan 1; Email Address: alan.hobbs@nasa.gov Kanki, Barbara G. 2; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University Foundation, Moffett Field, CA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p5; Subject Term: MAINTENANCE; Subject Term: HUMAN error; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: SAFETY; Subject Term: OCCUPATIONAL training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410701749365
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32038550&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lattanzio, Diane
AU  - Patankar, Kirsten
AU  - Kanki, Barbara G.
T1  - Procedural Error in Maintenance: A Review of Research and Methods.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
EP  - 29
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Aviation maintenance procedures have long been of interest to researchers because of their central importance to aviation maintenance and because of problems that seem to resist solution. In this article, we present a review of work that focuses on maintenance procedure incident reports conducted over several years at NASA Ames Research Center. Using 3 different exploratory methodologies, we analyzed relevant reports from a database of 1,046 maintenance reports (from 1998-2002) in the NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System. Analyses revealed that procedural errors in maintenance take a variety of different forms, involve many different types of documents and can be attributed to both document deficiencies and user errors. The objective of these studies was to better characterize procedural errors in maintenance so that more effective solutions can be devised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAINTENANCE
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - FACILITY management
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - ACCIDENT prevention
N1  - Accession Number: 32038549; Lattanzio, Diane 1; Email Address: dlattanzio@hotmail.com Patankar, Kirsten 2 Kanki, Barbara G. 3; Affiliation:  1: QSS Group, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: San Jose State University Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p17; Subject Term: MAINTENANCE; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: FACILITY management; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; Subject Term: ACCIDENT prevention; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531120 Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses); Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410701749381
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32038549&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patankar, Manoj S.
AU  - Taylor, James C.
T1  - MRM Training, Evaluation, and Safety Management.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 71
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Maintenance resource management (MRM) programs started as training programs aimed at increasing the awareness regarding human performance limitations in the aviation maintenance environment. Since their inception in 1989, MRM programs in the United States have undergone 4 generations of development (Taylor & Patankar, 2001) and are currently morphing themselves yet again toward the 5th generation, one that incorporates a Federal Aviation Administration-approved voluntary error-reporting program such as the Aviation Safety Action Program (ASAP) or a generic or internal error-reporting program. This article describes the MRM training, evaluation, and safety management research program as it tracked the evolution of training content as well as the attitudinal, behavioral, and performance changes toward the development of proactive safety management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANAGEMENT science
KW  - OCCUPATIONAL training
KW  - MANAGEMENT research
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 32038545; Patankar, Manoj S. 1; Email Address: patankar@slu.edu Taylor, James C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology Saint Louis University, CA  2: QSS, Inc./NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p61; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT science; Subject Term: OCCUPATIONAL training; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT research; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624310 Vocational Rehabilitation Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410701749449
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32038545&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parke, Bonny
AU  - Kanki, Barbara G.
T1  - Best Practices in Shift Turnovers: Implications for Reducing Aviation Maintenance Turnover Errors as Revealed in ASRS Reports.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 72
EP  - 85
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Effective shift turnover is critical to safety in many work environments, including medicine, the oil industry, and aviation maintenance. To gain insight into aviation maintenance turnover procedures and possible improvements to them, we examined NASA Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) maintenance incident reports involving shift turnover communication problems. We used the Boeing Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) coding system to code 1,182 ASRS maintenance incident reports. We compared the incidents involving shift turnover-related communication problems (n = 46) with incidents involving non-turnover-related communication problems (n = 37) and with other maintenance incidents (n = 1,099). Turnover-related incidents involved a significantly higher proportion of equipment that was classified by ASRS as "critical" than either of the other 2 samples, and had a significantly higher proportion of severe consequences. We suggest improvements to turnover work practices and include a generic checklist for effective turnovers to aid in turnover development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAINTENANCE
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - FACILITY management
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 32038555; Parke, Bonny 1; Email Address: bparke@mail.arc.nasa.gov Kanki, Barbara G. 2; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p72; Subject Term: MAINTENANCE; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: FACILITY management; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531120 Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410701749464
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32038555&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Munro, Pamela A.
AU  - Kanki, Barbara G.
AU  - Jordan, Kevin
T1  - Beyond "Inop": Logbook Communication Between Airline Mechanics and Pilots.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 18
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 103
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - When mechanical discrepancies occur on an aircraft, effective communication between pilots and mechanics can facilitate identification of the problem. A survey of pilots and mechanics was conducted to determine how often they were able to discuss discrepancies directly and to identify factors that influenced the detail they provided about discrepancies in the aircraft logbook. Logistical factors such as short turn times between flights and crew schedules appeared to present barriers to face-to-face meetings between pilots and mechanics. Guidelines for pilot logbook entries appeared to be less clearly defined than for mechanic entries. Pilots reported receiving significantly less training on writing logbook entries and spent significantly less time making individual entries than mechanics. Mechanics indicated greater concern about the Federal Aviation Administration reading their entries than pilots. Mechanics indicated they had little opportunity to follow upwith pilots to clarify a logbook entry once pilots departed the aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAINTENANCE
KW  - TRANSPORTATION
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - FACILITY management
KW  - AIR travel
N1  - Accession Number: 32038554; Munro, Pamela A. 1; Email Address: Pamela.munro@boeing.com Kanki, Barbara G. 2 Jordan, Kevin 3; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Commercial Airlines, Seattle, Washington  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  3: San Jose State University, San Jose, California; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 18 Issue 1, p86; Subject Term: MAINTENANCE; Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: FACILITY management; Subject Term: AIR travel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531120 Lessors of Nonresidential Buildings (except Miniwarehouses); NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410701749563
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32038554&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shukla, Satyajit
AU  - Zhang, Peng
AU  - Cho, Hyoung J.
AU  - Ludwig, Lawrence
AU  - Seal, Sudipta
T1  - Significance of electrode-spacing in hydrogen detection for tin oxide-based MEMS sensor
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 475
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: “Nano-Macro” and “Nano-Micro” integrated sensor-devices have been fabricated via sol–gel dip-coating the nanocrystalline indium oxide -doped tin oxide thin films on the Pyrex glass and the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) substrates. The electrode-spacing for the “Nano-Macro” integrated sensor-device is maintained at 1cm while that for the “Nano-Micro” integrated sensor-device is reduced to 10 and . These sensor-devices with different electrode-spacing are characterized using glancing-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM); and subsequently utilized for sensing 900ppm hydrogen at room temperature under the dynamic test-condition. The “Nano-Macro” and “Nano-Micro” integrated sensor-devices exhibit maximum room temperature sensitivity of and with the response time of 3h and 250–350s (for the room temperature sensitivity of ), respectively. Moreover, the “Nano-Micro” integrated sensor-device with the smaller electrode-spacing shows better response kinetics relative to that of the sensor-device with the larger electrode-spacing . The observed sensor-behavior has been explained based on the effect of electrode-spacing on the kinetics of the sensing mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopes
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - THIN films
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - MEMS
KW  - Nano-Macro integration
KW  - Nano-Micro integration
KW  - Room temperature
KW  - Sensor
KW  - Sol–gel
KW  - Thin film
N1  - Accession Number: 28839635; Shukla, Satyajit 1,2; Email Address: satyajit_shukla@csrrltrd.ren.nic.in Zhang, Peng 2 Cho, Hyoung J. 2 Ludwig, Lawrence 3 Seal, Sudipta 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials & Minerals Division (MMD), National Institute of Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST) (Formerly: Regional Research Laboratory (RRL)) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Industrial Estate P.O., Pappanamcode, Trivandrum 695019, Kerala, India  2: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Mechanical Materials Aerospace Engineering (MMAE) Department Engineering # 381, 4000 Central Florida Blvd. University of Central Florida (UCF), Orlando, FL 32826, USA  3: Kennedy Space Center (KSC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), FL 32899, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p470; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopes; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano-Macro integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano-Micro integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Room temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sol–gel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin film; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.07.043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Welch, Bryan W.
T1  - Regionalized Lunar South Pole Surface Navigation System Analysis.
JO  - International Journal of Navigation & Observation
JF  - International Journal of Navigation & Observation
Y1  - 2008/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 16875990
AB  - The article presents a dilution-of-precision-(DoP)-based stationary surface navigation analysis of multiple lunar satellite constellations, Earth-based deep space network asses and their combinations. It notes that the generalized DoP enables the effects of multiple radiometric measurements to be evaluated in the same manner DoP standard measures are used. It was found out that the impact of multiple radiometric measurements integration in time is assessed to enable the performance of sparse constellations across the moon.
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - MOON
KW  - LUNAR probes
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - NUCLEAR activation analysis
KW  - RADIOCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 37325306; Welch, Bryan W. 1; Email Address: bryan.w.welch@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2008, p1; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: LUNAR probes; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: NUCLEAR activation analysis; Subject Term: RADIOCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 8 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2008/435961
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37325306&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa
T1  - Calculations of High-Temperature Jet Flow Using Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes Formulations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 64
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Two multiscale-type turbulence models are implemented in the PAB3D solver. The models are based on modifying the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The first scheme is a hybrid Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes/large-eddy-simulation model using the two-equation kε model with a Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes/large-eddy-simulation transition function dependent on grid spacing and the computed turbulence length scale. The second scheme is a modified version of the partially averaged Navier-Stokes model in which the unresolved kinetic energy parameter fk is allowed to vary as a function of grid spacing and the turbulence length scale. This parameter is estimated based on a novel two-stage procedure to efficiently estimate the level of scale resolution possible for a given flow on a given grid for partially averaged Navier-Stokes. It has been found that the prescribed scale resolution can play a major role in obtaining accurate flow solutions. The parameter fk varies between zero and one and is equal to one in the viscous sublayer and when the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulent viscosity becomes smaller than the large-eddy-simulation viscosity. The formulation, usage methodology, and validation examples are presented to demonstrate the enhancement of PAB3D's time-accurate turbulence modeling capabilities. The accurate simulations of flow and turbulent quantities will provide a valuable tool for accurate jet noise predictions. Solutions from these models are compared with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes results and experimental data for high-temperature jet flows. The current results show promise for the capability of hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large eddy simulation and partially averaged Navier-Stokes in simulating such flow phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - HEAT
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - GAS dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
N1  - Accession Number: 29386614; Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. 1 Elmiligui, Alaa 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Analytical Services & Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Jan/Feb2008, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p64; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: HEAT; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: GAS dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.18767
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29386614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rivers, S. Melissa B.
AU  - Owens, Lewis R.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
T1  - Investigations for Supersonic Transports at Transonic and Supersonic Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 211
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Several computational studies were conducted as part of NASA's High-Speed Research Program. Results of turbulence model comparisons from two studies on supersonic transport configurations performed during NASA's High-Speed Research program are given. The effects of grid topology and the representation of the actual wind-tunnel model geometry are also investigated. Results are presented for both transonic conditions at Mach 0.90 and supersonic conditions at Mach 2.48. A feature of these two studies was the availability of higher Reynolds number wind-tunnel data with which to compare the computational results. The transonic wind-tunnel data were obtained in the National Transonic Facility at NASA Langley Research Center, and the supersonic data were obtained in the Boeing Company Polysonic Wind Tunnel. The computational data were acquired using a state-of-the-art Navier-Stokes flow solver with a wide range of turbulence models implemented. The results show that the computed forces compare reasonably well with the experimental data, with the Baldwin-Lomax with Degani-Schiff modifications and the Baldwin-Barth models showing the best agreement for the transonic conditions and the Spalart-Allmaras model showing the best agreement for the supersonic conditions. The transonic results were more sensitive to the choice of turbulence model than were the supersonic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 29386636; Rivers, S. Melissa B. 1 Owens, Lewis R. 1 Wahls, Richard A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2008, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p211; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30972
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lan, C. Edward
AU  - Bianchi, Silvia
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
T1  - Effects of Bearing Friction of a Free-to-Roll Rig on Transonic Lateral Aerodynamics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 298
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Tare test data of a free-to-roll test rig with wind off are analyzed for the bearing friction by a method of differential corrections. The resulting data set is extended to transonic wind-on test conditions in oscillation frequency, amplitude, and normal force by assuming the friction coefficient to be inversely proportional to the frequency. The extended set of data is employed to establish a numerical model through a fuzzy logic algorithm. Some results showing the effects of frequency, amplitude, and normal force on the friction torque are illustrated in the paper. The predicted friction torque is then removed from the balance readings of rolling moments in the free-to-roll testing. Results of data analysis for the F-18C and F-16C models indicate that bearing-friction torques have very significant effects on the measured or experimentally determined roll damping. Without friction correction, the measured roll damping would be too small and, in some cases, even incorrect in sign. The effect of friction torque on the dihedral effect tends to be minor. Exceptions to these results appear when the configuration exhibits unstable roll damping in transonic flow. Effects of Bearing Friction of a Free-to-Roll Rig on Transonic Lateral Aerodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 29386634; Lan, C. Edward 1 Bianchi, Silvia 1 Brandon, Jay M. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2008, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p298; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30387
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29386634&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merceret, Francis J.
AU  - Ward, Jennifer G.
AU  - Mach, Douglas M.
AU  - Bateman, Monte G.
AU  - Dye, James E.
T1  - On the Magnitude of the Electric Field near Thunderstorm-Associated Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 248
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Electric-field measurements made in and near clouds during two airborne field programs are presented. Aircraft equipped with multiple electric-field mills and cloud physics sensors were flown near active convection and into thunderstorm anvil and debris clouds. The magnitude of the electric field was measured as a function of position with respect to the cloud edge to provide an observational basis for modifications to the lightning launch commit criteria (LLCC) used by the U.S. space program. These LLCC are used to reduce the risk that an ascending launch vehicle will trigger a lightning strike that could cause the loss of the mission or vehicle. Even with fields of tens of kV m-1 inside electrically active convective clouds, the fields external to these clouds decay to less than 3 kV m-1 within 15 km of cloud edge. Fields that exceed 3 kV m-1 were not found external to anvil and debris clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - THUNDERSTORMS
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 30033600; Merceret, Francis J. 1; Email Address: francis.j.merceret@nasa.gov Ward, Jennifer G. 1 Mach, Douglas M. 2 Bateman, Monte G. 3 Dye, James E. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida.  2: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama.  3: Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, Alabama.  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p240; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: THUNDERSTORMS; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAMC1713.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30033600&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Litt, Jonathan S.
T1  - An Optimal Orthogonal Decomposition Method for Kalman Filter-Based Turbofan Engine Thrust Estimation.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 130
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 07424795
AB  - A new linear point design technique is presented for the determination of tuning parameters that enable the optimal estimation of unmeasured engine outputs, such as thrust. The engine's performance is affected by its level of degradation, generally described in terms of unmeasurable health parameters related to each major engine component. Accurate thrust reconstruction depends on knowledge of these health parameters, but there are usually too few sensors to be able to estimate their values. In this new technique, a set of tuning parameters is determined that accounts for degradation by representing the overall effect of the larger set of health parameters as closely as possible in a least-squares sense. The technique takes advantage of the properties of the singular value decomposition of a matrix to generate a tuning parameter vector of low enough dimension that it can be estimated by a Kalman filter. A concise design procedure to generate a tuning vector that specifically takes into account the variables of interest is presented. An example demonstrates the tuning parameters' ability to facilitate matching of both measured and unmeasured engine outputs, as well as state variables. Additional properties of the formulation are shown to lend themselves well to diagnostics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORTHOGONAL decompositions
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - MATRICES
N1  - Accession Number: 30770781; Litt, Jonathan S. 1; Affiliation:  1: US Army Research Laboratory, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 130 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ORTHOGONAL decompositions; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: MATRICES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2747254
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30770781&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Shpargel, Tarah P.
AU  - Asthana, Rajiv
T1  - Brazing of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to stainless steel using Cu, Ag, and Ti-based brazes.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 32
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Copper and silver-base active metal brazes containing Ti (Cu-ABA, Ticusil, and Ticuni) were tested for oxidation resistance to 750–850 °C, and for their effectiveness in joining yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) to a corrosion-resistant ferritic stainless steel. The braze oxidation behavior was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). Ticusil and Ticuni at 750 °C exhibited sluggish oxidation kinetics whereas Copper-ABA at 850 °C displayed the fastest kinetics and relatively large weight gain. The SEM and EDS examination of the steel/braze and YSZ/braze interfaces showed the dissolution of Y and Zr from YSZ in braze, diffusion of Ag in the YSZ, and formation of a thin Ti-rich interphase between YSZ and Ti-base brazes. These compositional changes and interface reconstruction yielded metallurgically sound joints. The Knoop microhardness profiles showed a rather abrupt discontinuity across the YSZ/braze interfaces and a more uniform distribution across the steel/braze interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAZING
KW  - YTTRIUM
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - COPPER
KW  - SILVER
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 27694084; Singh, Mrityunjay 1; Email Address: msingh@grc.nasa.gov Shpargel, Tarah P. 2 Asthana, Rajiv 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute , NASA Glenn Research Center , Cleveland 44135 USA  2: ASRC Aerospace Corp. , NASA Glenn Research Center , Cleveland 44135 USA  3: Engineering and Technology Department , University of Wisconsin-Stout , Menomonie 54751 USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: BRAZING; Subject Term: YTTRIUM; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: SILVER; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-007-1985-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27694084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apetre, N. A.
AU  - Sankar, B. V.
AU  - Ambur, D. R.
T1  - Analytical Modeling of Sandwich Beams with Functionally Graded Core.
JO  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
JF  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 74
SN  - 10996362
AB  - This study investigates several available sandwich beam theories for their suitability of application to one-dimensional sandwich plates with functionally graded core. Two equivalent single-layer theories based on assumed displacements, a higher-order theory, and the Fourier-Galerkin method are compared. The results are also compared with the finite element analysis. The core of the sandwich panel is functionally graded such that the density, and hence its stiffness, vary through the thickness. The variation of core Young's modulus is represented by a differentiable function in the thickness coordinate, but the Poisson's ratio is kept constant. A very good agreement is found among the Fourier-Galerkin method, the higher-order theory, and the finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - THEORY
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - REAL variables
KW  - functionally graded cores
KW  - functionally graded materials
KW  - sandwich panels
N1  - Accession Number: 29788040; Apetre, N. A. 1 Sankar, B. V. 1; Email Address: sankar@ufl.edu Ambur, D. R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: THEORY; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: REAL variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: functionally graded cores; Author-Supplied Keyword: functionally graded materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich panels; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1099636207081111
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29788040&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Lyons, Daniel T.
T1  - Entry, Descent, and Landing Operations Analysis for the Genesis Entry Capsule.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 32
SN  - 00224650
AB  - On 8 September 2004, the Genesis spacecraft returned to Earth after spending 29 months about the sun-Earth libration point (L1) collecting solar wind particles. Four hours before Earth arrival, the sample return capsule containing the samples was released for entry and subsequent landing at the Utah Test and Training Range. This paper provides an overview of the entry, descent, and landing trajectory analysis that was performed during the mission operations phase leading up to final approach to Earth. The final orbit determination solution produced an inertial entry flight-path angle of -8.002 deg (which was the desired nominal value) with a 3-σ error of ±0.0274 deg (one-third of the requirement). The operations effort accurately delivered the entry capsule to the desired landing site. The final landing location was 8.3 km from the target, and was well within the allowable landing area. Overall, the Earth approach operation procedures worked well, and there were no issues (logistically or performance based) that arose. As a result, the process of targeting a capsule from deep space and accurately landing it on Earth was successfully demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBITAL transfer (Space flight)
KW  - OUTER space
N1  - Accession Number: 30765249; Desai, Prasun N. 1; Email Address: prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov Lyons, Daniel T. 2; Email Address: daniel.t.lyons@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099; Source Info: Jan/Feb2008, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBITAL transfer (Space flight); Subject Term: OUTER space; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30765249&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Qualls, Garry D.
AU  - Schoenenberger, Mark
T1  - Reconstruction of the Genesis Entry.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/01//Jan/Feb2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 38
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An overview of the reconstruction analyses performed for the Genesis capsule entry is described. The results indicate that the actual entry before the drogue deployment failure was very close to the preentry predictions. The capsule landed 8.3 km south of the desired target at the Utah Test and Training Range. Analysis on infrared video footage (obtained from the tracking stations) during the descent estimated the onset of the capsule tumble at Mach 0.9. Frequency analysis on the infrared video data indicates that the aerodynamics generated for the Genesis capsule reasonably predicted the drag and static stability. Observations of the heatshield support the preentry simulation estimates of small hypersonic angles of attack, because there is very little, if any, charring of the shoulder region or the aftbody. Through this investigation, an overall assertion can be made that all the data gathered from the Genesis entry is consistent with flight performance that was close to the nominal preentry prediction. Consequently, the design principles and methodologies used for the flight dynamics, aerodynamics, and aerothermodynamics analyses have been corroborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - DEPLOYMENT (Military strategy)
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ATMOSPHERICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 30765250; Desai, Prasun N. 1; Email Address: prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov Qualls, Garry D. 1; Email Address: garry.d.qualls@nasa.gov Schoenenberger, Mark 1; Email Address: mark.schoenenber-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jan/Feb2008, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p33; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: DEPLOYMENT (Military strategy); Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30042
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30765250&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - John  Lekki
T1  - Quantum entanglement enables low-power optical communication to orbital ranges.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15003
EP  - 15003
SN  - 00913286
AB  - The signal intensity as a function of range is considered for optical communication systems that utilize time-coincident pairs (or larger sets) of photons for information encoding. Two systems are examined: one that generates pairs of photons that have an entangled quantum state, and another where the pairs of photons are generated from a pair of pulsed photon sources. The signal intensity as a function of range is analyzed as a qualitative first-order approximation for these two techniques. For the first time, to this author’s knowledge, it is shown that pairs of photons that share a quantum state, and hence have highly correlated momenta, can produce communication systems that have a high degree of noise immunity and are useful for ranges significantly beyond the collimated range of the transmitter, which up until now has been considered the maximum range. As an example, it is shown that a transmitter with a 1-m aperture and a pair of pulsed photon sources will be effective for about 200 km, while a transmitter with the same aperture and a quantum-entangled photon source will have an effective range greater than 60,000 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - POTENTIAL scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 28865507; John  Lekki 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 77-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Brook Park, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p15003; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: POTENTIAL scattering; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, W.J.
AU  - Whitten, R.C.
T1  - Influence of high abundances of aerosols on the electrical conductivity of the Titan atmosphere
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 26
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Observations of optical depth and scattering by instrumentation onboard the Huygens probe have been used by Tomasko et al. [Tomasko et al., 2005. Rain, winds and haze during Huygens probe''s descent to Titan''s surface. Nature 438 (8), 765–778] to deduce that the size and abundance of Titan aerosols could be nearly independent of altitude. Here we show that by assuming a constant mass flux with altitude and using the measured optical depth as a constraint, we obtain more realistic size and abundance distributions. In particular, the calculated abundance decreases from 3.5×107 m−3 at 100km to 8×106 m−3 near the surface while the particle radius varies from 0.25μm at 150km to 1.1μm at the surface. These distributions are consistent with the reported measurements for these quantities. Our results are then employed to compute electron and ion densities and conductivities for various solar UV photoelectron emission thresholds. Our model shows that to get agreement with the published (preliminary) conductivity measurements, photoemission cannot be an important source of electrons and ions. To get agreement with the electron and ion conductivity observations, both an additional population of aerosol embryos above 50km and a trace amount of an electrophillic molecular species below 50km are needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ELECTRON emission
KW  - CATHODE rays
KW  - Planetary atmosphere
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 28075407; Borucki, W.J. 1; Email Address: william.J.borucki@nasa.gov Whitten, R.C. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p19; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELECTRON emission; Subject Term: CATHODE rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.03.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miyoshi, Kazuhisa
AU  - Sanders, Jeffrey H.
AU  - Hager, Carl H.
AU  - Zabinski, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Vander Wal, Randall L.
AU  - Andrews, Rodney
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
AU  - Lerch, Bradley A.
AU  - Abel, Phillip B.
T1  - Wear behavior of low-cost, lightweight TiC/Ti–6Al–4V composite under fretting: Effectiveness of solid-film lubricant counterparts
JO  - Tribology International
JF  - Tribology International
Y1  - 2008/01//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 33
SN  - 0301679X
AB  - Abstract: The wear behavior of low-cost, lightweight 10wt% titanium carbide (TiC)-particulate-reinforced Ti–6Al–4V matrix composite (TiC/Ti–6Al–4V) was examined under fretting at 296, 423, and 523K in air. Bare 10wt% TiC/Ti–6Al–4V hemispherical pins were used in contact with dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), magnetron-sputtered diamond-like carbon/chromium (DLC/Cr), magnetron-sputtered graphite-like carbon/chromium (GLC/Cr), and magnetron-sputtered molybdenum disulfide/titanium (MoS2/Ti) deposited on Ti–6Al–4V, Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb, and nickel-based superalloy 718. When TiC/Ti–6Al–4V was brought into contact with bare Ti–6Al–4V, bare Ti–48Al–2Cr–2Nb, and bare nickel-based superalloy 718, strong adhesion, severe galling, and severe wear occurred. However, when TiC/Ti–6Al–4V was brought into contact with MWNT, DLC/Cr, GLC/Cr, and MoS2/Ti coatings, no galling occurred in the contact, and relatively minor wear was observed regardless of the coating. All the MWNT, DLC/Cr, GLC/Cr, and MoS2/Ti coatings on Ti–6Al–4V were effective from 296 to 523K, but the effectiveness of the MWNT, DLC/Cr, GLC/Cr, and MoS2/Ti coatings decreased as temperature increased. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tribology International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATINGS industry
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - METALS
KW  - THIN films
KW  - Anti-galling coatings
KW  - Fretting wear
KW  - TiC/Ti–6Al–4V
N1  - Accession Number: 26681642; Miyoshi, Kazuhisa 1; Email Address: Kazuhisa.Miyoshi@nasa.gov Sanders, Jeffrey H. 2 Hager, Carl H. 2 Zabinski, Jeffrey S. 2 Vander Wal, Randall L. 3 Andrews, Rodney 4 Street, Kenneth W. 1 Lerch, Bradley A. 1 Abel, Phillip B. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH 45433, USA  3: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p24; Subject Term: COATINGS industry; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: THIN films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anti-galling coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fretting wear; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiC/Ti–6Al–4V; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.triboint.2007.04.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bigioni, Terry P.
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
T1  - Atomic Force and Optical Microscopy Characterization of the Deformation of Individual Carbon Nanotubes and Nanofibers.
JO  - Journal of Nanomaterials
JF  - Journal of Nanomaterials
Y1  - 2008/01/02/2008 Special Issue 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 16874110
AB  - A popular technique for characterizing the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes is to apply a one-dimension axial compression and measure its response to the compressive force. At some critical compression, a dramatic decrease in the force is observed. This has previously been attributed to Euler buckling, allowing the elastic modulus to be calculated from the Euler buckling force. We have attached individual plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to the apex of an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever to examine this mechanical response. By combining the force measurements and simultaneous video microscopy, we are able to observe the mechanical deformation and correlate points in the force curve with phenomena such as slipping and bending. Analysis of the mechanical response must therefore be interpreted in terms of bending and/or slipping of a tube compressed by an off-normal force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nanomaterials is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - SCANNING probe microscopy
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - NANOFIBERS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors -- Buckling
N1  - Accession Number: 36007296; Bigioni, Terry P. 1,2 Cruden, Brett A. 1; Email Address: brett.a.cruden@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, University Affiliated Research Center (UARC), Moffett Field, California, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; Source Info: 2008 Special Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: SCANNING probe microscopy; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: NANOFIBERS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors -- Buckling; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2008/352109
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Habershon, Scott
AU  - Bowman, Joel M.
T1  - Comparison of quantum, classical, and ring-polymer molecular dynamics infra-red spectra of Cl−(H2O) and H+(H2O)2
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/01/04/
VL  - 450
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 253
EP  - 257
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: We present a comparison of the infra-red spectra of Cl−(H2O) and H+(H2O)2 obtained with classical and ring-polymer molecular dynamics with previous quantum calculations. Full-dimensional ab initio-based potential and dipole-moment surfaces are used in these calculations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - QUALITATIVE chemical analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 28149391; Huang, Xinchuan 1 Habershon, Scott 2 Bowman, Joel M. 3; Email Address: jmbowma@emory.edu; Affiliation:  1: MS 245-6, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK  3: Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 450 Issue 4-6, p253; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE chemical analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.11.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldstein, M.
T1  - Book Review
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2008/01/08/
VL  - 309
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 347
EP  - 348
SN  - 0022460X
N1  - Accession Number: 27228932; Goldstein, M. 1; Email Address: marvin.e.goldstein@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 309 Issue 1/2, p347; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.01.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harris, Rob
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
AU  - Liu, Yen
T1  - Efficient quadrature-free high-order spectral volume method on unstructured grids: Theory and 2D implementation
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2008/01/10/
VL  - 227
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1620
EP  - 1642
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: An efficient implementation of the high-order spectral volume (SV) method is presented for multi-dimensional conservation laws on unstructured grids. In the SV method, each simplex cell is called a spectral volume (SV), and the SV is further subdivided into polygonal (2D), or polyhedral (3D) control volumes (CVs) to support high-order data reconstructions. In the traditional implementation, Gauss quadrature formulas are used to approximate the flux integrals on all faces. In the new approach, a nodal set is selected and used to reconstruct a high-order polynomial approximation for the flux vector, and then the flux integrals on the internal faces are computed analytically, without the need for Gauss quadrature formulas. This gives a significant advantage over the traditional SV method in efficiency and ease of implementation. For SV interfaces, a quadrature-free approach is compared with the Gauss quadrature approach to further evaluate the accuracy and efficiency. A simplified treatment of curved boundaries is also presented that avoids the need to store a separate reconstruction for each boundary cell. Fundamental properties of the new SV implementation are studied and high-order accuracy is demonstrated for linear and non-linear advection equations, and the Euler equations. Several well known inviscid flow test cases are utilized to show the effectiveness of the simplified curved boundary representation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - GAUSSIAN quadrature formulas
KW  - NUMERICAL integration
KW  - 65M60
KW  - 65M70
KW  - Euler equations
KW  - Hyperbolic conservation laws
KW  - Spectral volume method
KW  - Unstructured grid
N1  - Accession Number: 28010041; Harris, Rob 1; Email Address: rharris@iastate.edu Wang, Z.J. 1; Email Address: zjw@iastate.edu Liu, Yen 2; Email Address: liu@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Iowa State University, 2271 Howe Hall, Ames, IA 50011, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 227 Issue 3, p1620; Subject Term: SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Subject Term: GAUSSIAN quadrature formulas; Subject Term: NUMERICAL integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M60; Author-Supplied Keyword: 65M70; Author-Supplied Keyword: Euler equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperbolic conservation laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral volume method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unstructured grid; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.09.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ban-Weiss, George A.
AU  - McLaughlin, John P.
AU  - Harley, Robert A.
AU  - Lunden, Melissa M.
AU  - Kirchstetter, Thomas W.
AU  - Kean, Andrew J.
AU  - Strawa, Anthony W.
AU  - Stevenson, Eric D.
AU  - Kendall, Gary R.
T1  - Long-term changes in emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulate matter from on-road gasoline and diesel vehicles
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2008/01/11/
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 232
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Gas- and particle-phase pollutants were measured separately for (a) light-duty (LD) vehicles and (b) medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. Measurements were made during summer 2006 at the Caldecott Tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area as part of a continuing campaign to track changes in vehicle emissions over time. When normalized to fuel consumption, NO x emission factors were found to be 3.0±0.2 and 40±3gkg−1 for LD vehicles and MD/HD diesel trucks, respectively. Corresponding particulate matter (PM2.5) emission factors were 0.07±0.02 and 1.4±0.3gkg−1. The ratio of particulate black carbon to organic mass (BC/OM) for LD vehicles was 0.71±0.15. For diesel trucks, BC/OM was 2±1, indicating that PM2.5 was dominated by BC. Results from 2006 are compared to similar measurements made at the same site in 1997. For LD vehicles, NO x and PM2.5 emission factors decreased by 67±3% and 36±17%, respectively. Corresponding decreases for diesel trucks were 30±9% for NO x and 48±12% for PM2.5. The ratio of HD to LD emission factor for NO x increased from 6±1 to 13±1 between 1997 and 2006, which indicates an increase in the relative importance of diesel trucks as a source of NO x emissions. The absorption, scattering, and extinction cross-section emission factors parameters relevant to climate change and atmospheric visibility, were an order of magnitude higher for diesel trucks than LD vehicles. Single-scattering albedo, measured at λ=675nm, was 0.31±0.06 and 0.20±0.05 for LD vehicle and diesel truck PM emissions, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOTOR vehicles -- Fuel consumption
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - Aerosol optical properties
KW  - Exhaust particulate matter
KW  - Motor vehicles
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Tunnel study
N1  - Accession Number: 28111259; Ban-Weiss, George A. 1 McLaughlin, John P. 2 Harley, Robert A. 2; Email Address: harley@ce.berkeley.edu Lunden, Melissa M. 3 Kirchstetter, Thomas W. 3 Kean, Andrew J. 4 Strawa, Anthony W. 5 Stevenson, Eric D. 6 Kendall, Gary R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1740, USA  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1710, USA  3: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Department of Atmospheric Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA  5: NASA-AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Bay Area Air Quality Management District, Technical Services Division, 939 Ellis Street, San Francisco, CA 94109, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p220; Subject Term: MOTOR vehicles -- Fuel consumption; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: POWER resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exhaust particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motor vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tunnel study; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.049
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parnell, John
AU  - Bowden, Stephen
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Taylor, Colin W.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
T1  - The transfer of organic signatures from bedrock to sediment
JO  - Chemical Geology
JF  - Chemical Geology
Y1  - 2008/01/15/
VL  - 247
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 242
EP  - 252
SN  - 00092541
AB  - Abstract: A case study in the Canadian Arctic demonstrates how an organic geochemical signature in the regional bedrock can be transferred by erosion and redeposition to younger geological formations and surface sediments. The hydrocarbon composition recorded in Laurentian (Lower Palaeozoic) carbonate bedrock was incorporated into overlying Miocene and Quaternary formations, and modern mass waste, alluvium, snow/ice, and proglacial deposits, and further distant in ice-rafted detritus. The retention of the original geological organic signature is reflected in consistent thermal maturities (hopane ratios) and environmental indicators (sterane distributions). In the modern sediments, the geological signature is variably mixed with a modern microbial organic signature reflected in high values of carbon preference index and diploptene. These data show that hydrocarbon occurrences in bedrock may be detected by the analysis of surface detritus, especially in carbonate terrains. However they also indicate that environmental signatures may be misleading if they are inherited from older geological units. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Geology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANIC geochemistry
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Canadian Arctic
KW  - Haughton impact structure
KW  - Hydrocarbon exploration
KW  - Organic geochemistry
KW  - Sediment recycling
N1  - Accession Number: 28116940; Parnell, John 1; Email Address: J.Parnell@abdn.ac.uk Bowden, Stephen 1 Osinski, Gordon R. 2 Taylor, Colin W. 1 Lee, Pascal 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK  2: Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada J3Y 8Y9  3: Mars Institute, SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 247 Issue 1/2, p242; Subject Term: ORGANIC geochemistry; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canadian Arctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haughton impact structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbon exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic geochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sediment recycling; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2007.10.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Keun J.
AU  - Wincheski, Russell A.
AU  - Park, Cheol
T1  - Magnetic property measurements on single wall carbon nanotube polyimide composites.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2008/01/15/
VL  - 103
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 023908
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field were performed on polyimide nanocomposite samples containing various weight percentages of single wall carbon nanotubes. It was found that the magnetization of the composite, normalized to the mass of nanotube material in the sample, decreased with increasing weight percentage of nanotubes. It is possible that the interfacial coupling between the carbon nanotube (CNT) fillers and the polyimide matrix promotes the diamagnetic response from CNTs and reduces the total magnetization of the composite. The coercivity of the samples, believed to originate from the residual magnetic catalyst particles, was enhanced and had stronger temperature dependence as a result of the composite synthesis. These changes in magnetic properties can form the basis of a new approach to investigate the interfacial properties in the CNT nanocomposites through magnetic property measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIZATION
KW  - MAGNETIC properties
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices
N1  - Accession Number: 28844074; Sun, Keun J. 1 Wincheski, Russell A. 2 Park, Cheol 1; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, Virginia 23666,  2: NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 103 Issue 2, p023908; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: MAGNETIC properties; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTING quantum interference devices; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2832616
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Yang, Feihua
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Satellite-based estimation of surface vapor pressure deficits using MODIS land surface temperature data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 142
EP  - 155
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) is a principle mediator of global terrestrial CO2 uptake and water vapor loss through plant stomata. As such, methods to estimate VPD accurately and efficiently are critical for ecosystem and climate modeling efforts. Based on prior work relating energy partitioning, remotely sensed land surface temperature (LST), and VPD, we developed simple linear models to predict VPD using saturated vapor pressure calculated from MODIS LST at a number of different temporal and spatial resolutions. We developed and assessed the LST–VPD models using three data sets: (1) instantaneous and daytime average ground-based VPD and radiometric temperature from the Soil Moisture Experiments in 2002 (SMEX02); (2) daytime average VPD from AmeriFlux eddy covariance flux tower observations; and (3) estimated daytime average VPD from Global Surface Summary of Day (GSSD) observations. We estimated model parameters for VPD estimation both regionally (MOD11 A2) and globally (MOD11 C2) with RMSE values ranging from .32 to .38 kPa. VPD was overestimated along coastlines and underestimated in arid regions with low vegetation cover. Also, residuals were larger with higher VPDs because of the non-linear function of saturation vapor pressure with LST. Linear relationships were seen at multiple scales and appear useful for estimation purposes within a range of 0 to 2.5 kPa. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - VAPOR pressure
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - SATURATION vapor pressure
KW  - Land surface temperature
KW  - MODIS
KW  - VDP
N1  - Accession Number: 27724200; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 1,2; Email Address: hirofumi.hashimoto@gmail.com Dungan, Jennifer L. 3 White, Michael A. 4 Yang, Feihua 5 Michaelis, Andrew R. 1,3 Running, Steven W. 6 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3; Affiliation:  1: California State University, Monterey Bay, CA, USA  2: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Department of Aquatic, Watershed, and Earth Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA  5: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA  6: NTSG/University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 112 Issue 1, p142; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: VAPOR pressure; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: SATURATION vapor pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: VDP; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.04.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pint, Cary
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Garcés, Jorge E.
T1  - Growth and alloy formation of Fe on flat and stepped Pt substrates
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2008/01/15/
VL  - 602
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 559
EP  - 570
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: Atomistic modeling of subsurface Fe–Pt alloy formation upon deposition of Fe on Pt(100), Pt(111), and vicinal Pt(997) substrates using the BFS method for alloys is presented. The simulation results indicate preference for Fe atoms to occupy sites in the Pt subsurface layers and form an ordered alloy phase upon deposition on a low-index Pt surface. This behavior results in Pt surface segregation leading to nucleation of 3D Pt islands. A similar atom-by-atom analysis of Fe deposition on a stepped Pt(997) substrate indicates that Fe atoms prefer decoration of Pt step edges prior to formation of the ordered Fe–Pt surface alloy, where the ordered alloy is observed to form at the edges of the monoatomic surface steps. The pathway for Fe–Pt subsurface alloy formation is explained by a simple picture emerging from the competition between BFS strain and chemical energy contributions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Computer simulations
KW  - Iron
KW  - Monte Carlo simulations
KW  - Platinum
KW  - Surface segregation
N1  - Accession Number: 28609043; Pint, Cary 1 Bozzolo, Guillermo 2,3; Email Address: GuillermoBozzolo@oai.org Garcés, Jorge E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  4: Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 602 Issue 2, p559; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Platinum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface segregation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2007.11.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28609043&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Semenov, Sergey Y.
AU  - Burke, Kenneth A.
T1  - Titanium Heat Pipe Thermal Plane.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 137
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A 95.3 mm by 95.3 mm by 1.0 mm thick titanium heat pipe thermal plane was constructed and tested. This thermal plane is being considered for passively removing heat from inside a PEM fuel cell stack. Titanium was selected because it is lightweight and is compatible with water, the working fluid inside the thermal plane. The total mass of the thermal plane is 26.3 grams; the effective density of the thermal plane is 2,900 kg/m3. It was tested at heat flux levels as high as 60 W/cm2. The thermal resistance at 40 W/cm2 heat flux input is 0.9 °C/W. It was also shown to operate against gravity. Several samples were fabricated, thermal tested and compared to the performance of identical thermal planes made of solid copper. The thermal performance of the titanium plane exceeded the performance of solid copper. In a weight comparison the titanium plane was three times lighter. Therefore, it is well suited for use in fuel cell thermal management solutions as well as space based applications where lightweight is the key factor in selecting a cooling system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - VAPORS
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - FUEL cells
KW  - HEAT
KW  - fuel cell
KW  - heat pipe
KW  - titanium
KW  - vapor chamber
N1  - Accession Number: 28723821; Semenov, Sergey Y. 1; Email Address: s.y.semenov@thermacore.com Burke, Kenneth A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineering, Thermacore International Inc., 780 Eden Road, Lancaster, PA 17601  2: Electrochemistry Branch, Power and Propulsion Technology Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p131; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: VAPORS; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: FUEL cells; Subject Term: HEAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: fuel cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat pipe; Author-Supplied Keyword: titanium; Author-Supplied Keyword: vapor chamber; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2844959
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723821&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lueck, Dale E.
AU  - Captain, Janine E.
AU  - Gibson, Tracy L.
AU  - Peterson, Barbara V.
AU  - Berger, Cristina M.
T1  - Selection, Development and Results for The RESOLVE Regolith Volatiles Characterization Analytical System.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 156
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The RESOLVE project requires an analytical system to identify and quantitate the volatiles released from a lunar drill core sample as it is crushed and heated to 150 °C. The expected gases and their range of concentrations were used to assess Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (MS), along with specific analyzers for use on this potential lunar lander. The ability of these systems to accurately quantitate water and hydrogen in an unknown matrix led to the selection of a small MEMS commercial process GC for use in this project. The modification, development and testing of this instrument for the specific needs of the project is covered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS chromatography
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds
KW  - MOON
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - LUNAR landing sites
KW  - Gas Chromatography
KW  - GC
KW  - Lunar Volatiles Analysis
KW  - RESOLVE
N1  - Accession Number: 28723819; Lueck, Dale E. 1; Email Address: dale.e.lueck@nasa.gov Captain, Janine E. 1 Gibson, Tracy L. 2 Peterson, Barbara V. 2 Berger, Cristina M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Applied Sciences Division, Applied Technology Directorate, John F. Kennedy Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899  2: Applied Sciences & Technology, Artic Slope Research Corporation Aerospace, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p149; Subject Term: GAS chromatography; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: LUNAR landing sites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas Chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: GC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Volatiles Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: RESOLVE; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2844961
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723819&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Hegde, U.
AU  - Gokoglu, S.
T1  - Carbothermal Processing of Lunar Regolith Using Methane.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 161
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The processing of lunar regolith for the production of oxygen is a key component of the In-Situ Resource Utilization plans currently being developed by NASA. Among various candidate processes, the modeling of oxygen production by hydrogen reduction, molten salt electrolysis, and carbothermal processing are presently being pursued. In the carbothermal process, a portion of the surface of the regolith in a container is heated by exposure to a heat source such as a laser beam or a concentrated solar heat flux, so that a small zone of molten regolith is established. The molten zone is surrounded by solid regolith particles that are poor conductors of heat. A continuous flow of methane is maintained over the molten regolith zone. Our model is based on a mechanism where methane pyrolyzes when it comes in contact with the surface of the hot molten regolith to form solid carbon and hydrogen gas. Carbon is deposited on the surface of the melt, and hydrogen is released into the gas stream above the melt surface. We assume that the deposited carbon mixes in the molten regolith and reacts with metal oxides in a reduction reaction by which gaseous carbon monoxide is liberated. Carbon monoxide bubbles through the melt and is released into the gas stream. Oxygen is produced subsequently by (catalytically) processing the carbon monoxide downstream. In this paper, we discuss the development of a chemical conversion model of the carbothermal process to predict the rate of production of carbon monoxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - METHANE
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - CARBON
KW  - Carbothermal processing
KW  - kinetics
KW  - lunar regolith
KW  - pyrolysis
N1  - Accession Number: 28723818; Balasubramaniam, R. 1; Email Address: bala@grc.nasa.gov Hegde, U. 1 Gokoglu, S. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research (NCSER), NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p157; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: CARBON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbothermal processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: pyrolysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2844962
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723818&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hegde, U.
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Gokoglu, S.
T1  - Analysis of Thermal and Reaction Times for Hydrogen Reduction of Lunar Regolith.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 202
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - System analysis of oxygen production by hydrogen reduction of lunar regolith has shown the importance of the relative time scales for regolith heating and chemical reaction to overall performance. These values determine the sizing and power requirements of the system and also impact the number and operational phasing of reaction chambers. In this paper, a Nusselt number correlation analysis is performed to determine the heat transfer rates and regolith heat up times in a fluidized bed reactor heated by a central heating element (e.g., a resistively heated rod, or a solar concentrator heat pipe). A coupled chemical and transport model has also been developed for the chemical reduction of regolith by a continuous flow of hydrogen. The regolith conversion occurs on the surfaces of and within the regolith particles. Several important quantities are identified as a result of the above analyses. Reactor scale parameters include the void fraction (i.e., the fraction of the reactor volume not occupied by the regolith particles) and the residence time of hydrogen in the reactor. Particle scale quantities include the particle Reynolds number, the Archimedes number, and the time needed for hydrogen to diffuse into the pores of the regolith particles. The analysis is used to determine the heat up and reaction times and its application to NASA's oxygen production system modeling tool is noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ILMENITE
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - MODELING (Sculpture)
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors
KW  - hydrogen reduction
KW  - ilmenite
KW  - lunar regolith
KW  - shrinking core
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28723813; Hegde, U. 1; Email Address: uday.hegde@grc.nasa.gov Balasubramaniam, R. 1 Gokoglu, S. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135  2: NASA John H Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p195; Subject Term: ILMENITE; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: MODELING (Sculpture); Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: ilmenite; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: shrinking core; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2844967
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723813&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linne, Diane L.
AU  - Freeh, Joshua E.
AU  - Abercromby, Andrew F. J.
T1  - Commonality of Electrolysis Sub-Systems for ISRU, Power, and Life Support for a Lunar Outpost.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 252
EP  - 259
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - As details of an eventual lunar outpost evolve, it is clear that the various surface systems will have some common components. For example, fuel cells for nighttime power and long-range rovers, the life support system, and the in-situ resource utilization system will all generate water that will need to be electrolyzed into oxygen and hydrogen. While these various systems may require electrolysis at different rates, there are many benefits to developing a common system. These benefits include reduced development costs, commonality of spares, and the ability to provide critical backup. This paper evaluates the electrolysis sub-system requirements for the four surface systems and the preferred design for each user. We then evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of relying on a single electrolysis sub-system for all four surface systems. We also evaluate whether some or all of the electrolysis functions could be centralized at one surface system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IN situ remediation
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - LUNAR bases
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - ELECTROLYSIS
KW  - Energy Storage
KW  - In-Situ Resource Utilization
KW  - Lunar Bases
KW  - Pressurized Rovers
N1  - Accession Number: 28723805; Linne, Diane L. 1; Email Address: Diane.L.Linne@nasa.gov Freeh, Joshua E. 1 Abercromby, Andrew F. J.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p252; Subject Term: IN situ remediation; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: LUNAR bases; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: ELECTROLYSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy Storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-Situ Resource Utilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Bases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressurized Rovers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2844975
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723805&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Everingham, Matthew R.
AU  - Pelster, Nicholas
AU  - Mueller, Robert P.
AU  - Davidian, Kenneth
T1  - Preparation and Handling Large Quantities of JSC-1A Lunar Regolith Simulant for the 2007 Regolith Excavation Challenge.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 268
EP  - 273
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The 2007 Regolith Excavation Challenge, a NASA Centennial Challenge, was conducted in May 2007 at Santa Maria, California. This lunar analog activity was intended to encourage competitors to design innovative excavation systems that can accommodate the unique properties of lunar regolith while performing within the limitations of operational constraints. For the challenge, the excavation systems were required to be autonomous, weigh less than 40 kilograms, operate on less than 30 watts, and excavate more than 150 kg of regolith in 30 minutes. In order to support the competition event, eight tons of JSC-1A lunar regolith simulant was acquired. A large “sand box” was built to contain the regolith simulant for the competition event. Handling the large quantities of simulant introduced several challenges and several insightful observations (dust, stability, etc.) were made that could potentially benefit other research employing lunar regolith simulant. One of the most challenging aspects of the competition was the attempt to best replicate lunar regolith compaction with the simulant. Due to the size of the “sand box” and the amount of simulant, many methods of densification were considered prior to the event. The results revealed good compaction can be obtained in large test bins of simulant presenting an opportunity for using this analog in other important lunar exploration systems tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - EXCAVATION
KW  - ANALOG data
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - Analog
KW  - Compaction
KW  - Excavation
KW  - ISRU
KW  - JSC-1A
KW  - Lunar
KW  - Moon
KW  - Regolith
KW  - Simulant
N1  - Accession Number: 28723803; Everingham, Matthew R. 1,2; Email Address: matt.everingham@californiaspaceauthority.org Pelster, Nicholas 1,2 Mueller, Robert P. 3 Davidian, Kenneth 4; Affiliation:  1: California Space Authority, 3201 Airpark Drive, Santa Maria, CA 93455  2: California Space Education and Workforce Institute, 150 East Colorado Blvd, Suite 302, Pasadena, CA 91105  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Headquarters, DC 20546; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p268; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: EXCAVATION; Subject Term: ANALOG data; Subject Term: DENSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Excavation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: JSC-1A; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulant; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2844977
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723803&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werner, James
AU  - Mason, Lee
T1  - An Affordable Test Approach for Lunar Fission Surface Power Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 306
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The objective of the Fission Surface Power System (FSPS) development and qualification program is to assure that the components, subsystems and complete power system satisfy all of their mission requirements with a sufficiently high level of confidence. To accomplish this objective, the FSPS program will conduct nuclear and non-nuclear development and testing in compliance with standard NASA practice for all of the reactor, power conversion, and system integration hardware and software items. The anticipated program includes extensive performance and environmental testing of components throughout their predicted operational conditions and possible fault conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR fission
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Auxiliary power supply
KW  - NUCLEAR engineering
KW  - NUCLEAR research
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - fast
KW  - nuclear
KW  - reactors
KW  - space
KW  - test
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28723798; Werner, James 1 Mason, Lee 2; Affiliation:  1: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p301; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fission; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Auxiliary power supply; Subject Term: NUCLEAR engineering; Subject Term: NUCLEAR research; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: fast; Author-Supplied Keyword: nuclear; Author-Supplied Keyword: reactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: space; Author-Supplied Keyword: test; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2844982
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723798&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harmon, B. Alan
AU  - Lavery, David B.
T1  - NASA Radioisotope Power Systems Program Update.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 396
EP  - 402
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The use of Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS) represents a critical capability for exploration of the Solar System. RPS have been used for decades to power deep space missions and sometimes for the operation of landers or rovers on Mars. Modest power needs (<∼1 KWe) for regions relatively far from the Sun (∼>5 AU) make them attractive, and, in most cases, essential for a variety of missions. Even close by, such as on the surface of the Moon or Mars, RPS enhances operational capability. NASA's strategic planning now contemplates more ambitious missions than those of the past, with the likelihood of increasingly severe or more diverse environments in which to contend. We are at a crossroads in the application of radioisotope power, thanks partially to progress made, but also due to the realities of budget constraints and the availability of plutonium-238 fuel. Within a few years, investments in power conversion technologies could yield next generation flight systems with capability for multiple environments, and improved efficiency and specific power. However, for RPS, given the demands on reliability and system longevity (15+years), infusion of any new RPS technology is the challenge. We review progress made during the past year in development of RPS and note applications in NASA's Science Plan (2007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES in aeronautics
KW  - NUCLEAR powered space vehicles
KW  - THERMOELECTRIC generators
KW  - NUCLEAR engineering
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - advanced Stirling radioisotope generator
KW  - ASRG
KW  - radioisotope power system
KW  - radioisotope thermoelectric generator
KW  - RTG
KW  - space nuclear power
KW  - SRG
KW  - Stirling convertor
KW  - Stirling engine
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28723787; Harmon, B. Alan 1,2; Email Address: bruce.a.harmon@nasa.gov Lavery, David B. 2; Affiliation:  1: On detail to Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, from Radioisotope Power Systems Office, U.S. Department of Energy  2: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters 300 E St SW, Washington, DC 20546; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p396; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES in aeronautics; Subject Term: NUCLEAR powered space vehicles; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: NUCLEAR engineering; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: advanced Stirling radioisotope generator; Author-Supplied Keyword: ASRG; Author-Supplied Keyword: radioisotope power system; Author-Supplied Keyword: radioisotope thermoelectric generator; Author-Supplied Keyword: RTG; Author-Supplied Keyword: space nuclear power; Author-Supplied Keyword: SRG; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling convertor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling engine; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2844993
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723787&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ha, Chuong T.
AU  - Fernandez, René
AU  - Cornford, Steven L.
AU  - Feather, Martin S.
T1  - Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator: Design Processes, Reliability Analyses Impacts, and Extended Operation Tests.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 458
EP  - 465
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - NASA is currently funding an effort involving the Department of Energy (DOE), Lockheed Martin (LM), Glenn Research Center (GRC), and Sunpower (SP), Inc. to develop a high specific power Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG). GRC and SP are responsible for providing the Stirling convertor, while LM is responsible for the generator housing, controller, and system integration. GRC also provides supporting technologies for various components as well as extended operation testing, both in air and in a thermal vacuum environment. Because of the 17-year life requirement of the ASRG, reliability considerations are the main design driver. Components such as the heater head, fasteners, magnets, and planar spring have been studied to ensure high reliability. To encompass unique design features, long lifetimes and extreme environmental conditions, both reliability analyses and qualification tests are used to support the design process. This paper presents an overview of the ASRG reliability approach and the impact of the Reliability Working Group (RWG) on the recently finished design effort. It also provides a summary of current and planned extended operation tests, specifically targeted to demonstrate long-life capability and to support further reliability assessment. In the event of no, or minimal failures during these extended tests, a Weibayes approach will be used to create a trend of improving reliability predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - SYSTEM integration
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - DDP
KW  - reliability
KW  - Stirling
KW  - Weibayes
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Energy
N1  - Accession Number: 28723777; Ha, Chuong T. 1; Email Address: chuong.ha@lmco.com Fernandez, René 2 Cornford, Steven L. 3 Feather, Martin S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Sunnyvale, CA 94089  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p458; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: SYSTEM integration; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: DDP; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibayes; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723777&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kerslake, Thomas W.
T1  - Lunar Surface-to-Surface Power Transfer.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 466
EP  - 473
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A human lunar outpost, under NASA study for construction in the 2020's, has potential requirements to transfer electric power up to 50-kW across the lunar surface from 0.1 to 10-km distances. This power would be used to operate surface payloads located remotely from the outpost and/or outpost primary power grid. This paper describes concept designs for state-of-the-art technology power transfer subsystems including AC or DC power via cables, beamed radio frequency power and beamed laser power. Power transfer subsystem mass and performance are calculated and compared for each option. A simplified qualitative assessment of option operations, hazards, costs and technology needs is also described. Based on these concept designs and performance analyses, a DC power cabling subsystem is recommended to minimize subsystem mass and to minimize mission and programmatic costs and risks. Avenues for additional power transfer subsystem studies are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - POWER resources
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - POWER plants
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - lunar surface
KW  - power cables
KW  - power transmission
KW  - radio frequency power
KW  - solid-state laser power
N1  - Accession Number: 28723776; Kerslake, Thomas W. 1; Email Address: thomas.w.kerslake@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mission and Systems Analysis Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p466; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: POWER resources; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: POWER plants; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: power cables; Author-Supplied Keyword: power transmission; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio frequency power; Author-Supplied Keyword: solid-state laser power; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723776&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shin, E. Eugene
AU  - Scheiman, Dan
AU  - Cybulski, Michelle
AU  - Quade, Derek
AU  - Inghram, Linda
AU  - Burke, Chris
T1  - Validation of Organics for Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC).
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 570
EP  - 581
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Organic materials are an essential part of the Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC) construction as adhesives, potting, wire insulation, lubrication coatings, bobbins, bumpers, insulators, thread lockers. Since a long lifetime of such convertors to be used in the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG), sometimes up to 17 years, is required in various space applications such as Mars rovers, deep space missions, and lunar surface power, performance, durability and reliability of those organics should be critically evaluated in every possible material-process-fabrication-service environment relations. The objective of this study was to evaluate, validate, and recommend organics for use in ASCs. Systematic and extensive evaluation methodologies were developed and conducted for various organic materials. The overall efforts dealing with organics materials for the last several years are summarized in the key areas, e.g., process-fabrication optimization, adhesive bonding integrity, outgassing, thermal stability, and durability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - STORAGE facilities
KW  - TEXTILE machinery
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - Bonding
KW  - Durability
KW  - Organics
KW  - Performance
KW  - Process optimization
KW  - Stirling Convertors
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 28723763; Shin, E. Eugene 1 Scheiman, Dan 2 Cybulski, Michelle 3 Quade, Derek 4 Inghram, Linda 1 Burke, Chris 1; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute  2: ASRC  3: University of Dayton  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p570; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: STORAGE facilities; Subject Term: TEXTILE machinery; Subject Term: ADHESIVES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Durability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Process optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling Convertors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325520 Adhesive Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333248 All other industrial machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236220 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723763&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schreiber, Jeffrey G.
AU  - Thieme, Lanny G.
T1  - GRC Supporting Technology for NASA's Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG).
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 582
EP  - 592
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - From 1999–2006, the Glenn Research Center (GRC) supported a NASA project to develop a high-efficiency, nominal 110-We Stirling Radioisotope Generator (SRG110) for potential use on NASA missions. Lockheed Martin was selected as the System Integration Contractor for the SRG110, under contract to the Department of Energy (DOE). The potential applications included deep space missions, and Mars rovers. The project was redirected in 2006 to make use of the Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC) that was being developed by Sunpower, Inc. under contract to GRC, which would reduce the mass of the generator and increase the power output. This change would approximately double the specific power and result in the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG). The SRG110 supporting technology effort at GRC was replanned to support the integration of the Sunpower convertor and the ASRG. This paper describes the ASRG supporting technology effort at GRC and provides details of the contributions in some of the key areas. The GRC tasks include convertor extended-operation testing in air and in thermal vacuum environments, heater head life assessment, materials studies, permanent magnet characterization and aging tests, structural dynamics testing, electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility characterization, evaluation of organic materials, reliability studies, and analysis to support controller development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - RADIOACTIVE substances
KW  - NUCLEAR engineering
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - EMI/EMC
KW  - magnets
KW  - organics
KW  - radioisotope
KW  - reliability
KW  - space power
KW  - Stirling
KW  - structural dynamics
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Energy
N1  - Accession Number: 28723762; Schreiber, Jeffrey G. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.G.Schreiber@nasa.gov Thieme, Lanny G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, MS 301-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p582; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE substances; Subject Term: NUCLEAR engineering; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: EMI/EMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnets; Author-Supplied Keyword: organics; Author-Supplied Keyword: radioisotope; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: space power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural dynamics; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723762&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Birchenough, Arthur
AU  - Hervol, David
T1  - Test Results from a Simulated High Voltage Lunar Power Transmission Line.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 593
EP  - 601
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Alternator Test Unit (ATU) in the Lunar Power System Facility (LPSF) located at the NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) in Cleveland, OH was modified to simulate high voltage transmission capability. The testbed simulated a 1 km transmission cable length from the ATU to the LPSF using resistors and inductors installed between the distribution transformers. Power factor correction circuitry was used to compensate for the reactance of the distribution system to improve the overall power factor. This test demonstrated that a permanent magnet alternator can successfully provide high frequency AC power to a lunar facility located at a distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH voltages
KW  - POWER transmission
KW  - CURRENT transformers (Instrument transformer)
KW  - CLEVELAND (Ohio)
KW  - OHIO
KW  - Energy conversion
KW  - High-current and high-voltage technology
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28723761; Birchenough, Arthur 1 Hervol, David 2; Email Address: David.S.Hervol@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Power Systems Development Branch, Power and Avionics Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Mechanical Systems Branch, Glenn Engineering and Scientific Support Organization, Analex Corporation, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p593; Subject Term: HIGH voltages; Subject Term: POWER transmission; Subject Term: CURRENT transformers (Instrument transformer); Subject Term: CLEVELAND (Ohio); Subject Term: OHIO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-current and high-voltage technology; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723761&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geng, Steven M.
AU  - Mason, Lee S.
AU  - Dyson, Rodger W.
AU  - Penswick, L. Barry
T1  - Overview of Multi-Kilowatt Free-Piston Stirling Power Conversion Research at GRC.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 617
EP  - 624
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - As a step towards development of Stirling power conversion for potential use in Fission Surface Power (FSP) systems, a pair of commercially available 1 kW class free-piston Stirling convertors and a pair of commercially available pressure wave generators (which will be plumbed together to create a high power Stirling linear alternator test rig) have been procured for in-house testing at Glenn Research Center. Delivery of both the Stirling convertors and the linear alternator test rig is expected by October, 2007. The 1 kW class free-piston Stirling convertors will be tested at GRC to map and verify performance. The convertors will later be modified to operate with a NaK liquid metal pumped loop for thermal energy input. The high power linear alternator test rig will be used to map and verify high power Stirling linear alternator performance and to develop power management and distribution (PMAD) methods and techniques. This paper provides an overview of the multi-kilowatt free-piston Stirling power conversion work being performed at GRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PISTONS
KW  - ELECTRIC generators -- Alternating current
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - LIQUID metals
KW  - ALTERNATING current machinery
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - linear alternators
KW  - Stirling cycle
KW  - Stirling engines
KW  - Stirling power convertors
N1  - Accession Number: 28723758; Geng, Steven M. 1; Email Address: Steven.M.Geng@nasa.gov Mason, Lee S. 1 Dyson, Rodger W. 1 Penswick, L. Barry 2; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Energy Conversion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: SEST Inc., 18000 Jefferson Park, Middleburg Hts, OH 44130, USA; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p617; Subject Term: PISTONS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC generators -- Alternating current; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LIQUID metals; Subject Term: ALTERNATING current machinery; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Author-Supplied Keyword: linear alternators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling power convertors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723758&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ravi, V.
AU  - Firdosy, S.
AU  - Caillat, T.
AU  - Lerch, B.
AU  - Calamino, A.
AU  - Pawlik, R.
AU  - Nathal, M.
AU  - Sechrist, A.
AU  - Buchhalter, J.
AU  - Nutt, S.
T1  - Mechanical Properties of Thermoelectric Skutterudites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 656
EP  - 662
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A comprehensive approach to determine the mechanical properties of advanced thermoelectric materials is described. The focus of this paper is the mechanical characterization of skutterudites, i.e., LTN-SKD (n-type doped CoSb3) and LTP-SKD (p-type CeFe3-xRuxSb3). Properties such as the elastic modulii, flexural strengths and fracture toughness, are reported and discussed. A summary table of the key mechanical properties is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - SKUTTERUDITE
KW  - THERMOELECTRIC materials
KW  - ELECTRICAL engineering -- Materials
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - mechanical properties
KW  - power generation
KW  - thermoelectric materials
N1  - Accession Number: 28723753; Ravi, V. 1,2; Email Address: Vilupanur.A.Ravi@jpl.nasa.gov Firdosy, S. 1 Caillat, T. 1 Lerch, B. 3 Calamino, A. 3 Pawlik, R. 3 Nathal, M. 3 Sechrist, A. 4 Buchhalter, J. 4 Nutt, S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109  2: California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801, W. Temple Avenue, Pomona, CA 91768  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  4: University of Southern California, University Park Campus, Los Angeles, CA 90089; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p656; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: SKUTTERUDITE; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL engineering -- Materials; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: power generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermoelectric materials; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723753&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keys, Andrew S.
AU  - Adams, James H.
AU  - Cressler, John D.
AU  - Darty, Ronald C.
AU  - Johnson, Michael A.
AU  - Patrick, Marshall C.
T1  - High-Performance, Radiation-Hardened Electronics for Space and Lunar Environments.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 749
EP  - 756
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Radiation Hardened Electronics for Space Environments (RHESE) project develops advanced technologies needed for high performance electronic devices that will be capable of operating within the demanding radiation and thermal extremes of the space, lunar, and Martian environment. The technologies developed under this project enhance and enable avionics within multiple mission elements of NASA's Vision for Space Exploration, including the Constellation program's Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle, the Lunar Lander project, Lunar Outpost elements, and Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) elements. This paper provides an overview of the RHESE project and its multiple task tasks, their technical approaches, and their targeted benefits as applied to NASA missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AVIONICS
KW  - ELECTRONICS in transportation
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MOON
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Extreme Environments
KW  - FPGA
KW  - High Performance Processors
KW  - Low Temperature
KW  - MEMS
KW  - Radiation-Hardened
KW  - Reconfigurable Computers
KW  - SiGe Electronics
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28723741; Keys, Andrew S. 1 Adams, James H. 1 Cressler, John D. 2 Darty, Ronald C. 1 Johnson, Michael A. 3 Patrick, Marshall C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812  2: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p749; Subject Term: AVIONICS; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS in transportation; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extreme Environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: FPGA; Author-Supplied Keyword: High Performance Processors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation-Hardened; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reconfigurable Computers; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiGe Electronics; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845040
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723741&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schreckenghost, Debra
AU  - Fong, Terrence
AU  - Milam, Tod
T1  - Human Supervision of Robotic Site Surveys.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 776
EP  - 783
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Ground operators will interact remotely with robots on the lunar surface to support site preparation and survey. Astronauts will interact with robots to support outpost buildup and maintenance, as well as mission operations. One mode of interaction required for such operations is the ability to supervise robots performing routine autonomous tasks. Supervision of autonomous robotic activities requires monitoring the robot's performance of tasks with minimal human effort. This includes understanding its progress on tasks, awareness when important milestones are achieved or problems impede tasks, and reconstructing situations after the fact by relating task events to recorded data. We are developing a software framework to support such interaction among distributed human teams and robots. We are evaluating our framework for human supervision of mobile robots performing routine site survey operations. We are prototyping a system that (1) monitors data from the K10 robot performing surveys to determine the depth of permafrost at the Haughton Crater on Devon Island, (2) computes performance measures about how well the survey is going, (3) builds summaries of these performance measures, and (4) notifies to appropriate personnel when milestones are achieved or performance indicates a problem. We will evaluate our prototype using data collected during Operational Readiness Tests for the Haughton Crater field test to be conducted in July 2007. In this paper we describe our approach for human supervision of robotic activities and report the results of our evaluation with the K10 robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - ROBOTS -- Control systems
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - GROUND operators
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - agent-based systems
KW  - human-robot interaction
KW  - supervision of autonomous robots
N1  - Accession Number: 28723738; Schreckenghost, Debra 1 Fong, Terrence 2 Milam, Tod 3; Affiliation:  1: TRACLabs, 1012 Hercules, Houston, TX 77058  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: S&K Aerospace, 201 Flint Ridge Plaza, Ste 102, Houston, TX 77598; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p776; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: ROBOTS -- Control systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: GROUND operators; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: agent-based systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: human-robot interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: supervision of autonomous robots; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845043
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723738&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doggett, William
AU  - Dorsey, John
AU  - Collins, Tim
AU  - King, Bruce
AU  - Mikulas, Martin
T1  - A Versatile Lifting Device for Lunar Surface Payload Handling, Inspection & Regolith Transport Operations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 792
EP  - 808
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Devices for lifting and transporting payloads and material are critical for efficient Earth-based construction operations. Devices with similar functionality will be needed to support lunar-outpost construction, servicing, inspection, regolith excavation, grading and payload placement. Past studies have proposed that only a few carefully selected devices are required for a lunar outpost. One particular set of operations involves lifting and manipulating payloads in the 100 kg to 3,000 kg range, which are too large or massive to be handled by unassisted astronauts. This paper will review historical devices used for payload handling in space and on earth to derive a set of desirable features for a device that can be used on planetary surfaces. Next, an innovative concept for a lifting device is introduced, which includes many of the desirable features. The versatility of the device is discussed, including its application to lander unloading, servicing, inspection, regolith excavation and site preparation. Approximate rules, which can be used to size the device for specific payload mass and reach requirements, are provided. Finally, details of a test-bed implementation of the innovative concept, which will be used to validate the structural design and develop operational procedures, is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering)
KW  - LIVE loads
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Automated Lunar Operations
KW  - Crane
KW  - Inspection
KW  - Lander Unload
KW  - Lifting
KW  - Outpost
KW  - Payload Handling
KW  - Regolith Excavation
N1  - Accession Number: 28723736; Doggett, William 1; Email Address: william.r.doggett@nasa.gov Dorsey, John 1 Collins, Tim 1 King, Bruce Mikulas, Martin 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS-190 Hampton, VA 23681  2: National Institute of Aeronautics; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p792; Subject Term: PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering); Subject Term: LIVE loads; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automated Lunar Operations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inspection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lander Unload; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lifting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Outpost; Author-Supplied Keyword: Payload Handling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regolith Excavation; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845045
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723736&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feather, Martin S.
AU  - Uckun, Serdar
AU  - Hicks, Kenneth A.
T1  - Technology Maturation of Integrated System Health Management.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 827
EP  - 838
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Despite two decades of significant investments in R&D of Integrated System Health Management (ISHM), mission-critical applications of it in aerospace are few and far between. ISHM is subject to the general difficulty of transitioning technologies out of R&D labs and into practical applications. New and unproven methods such as ISHM introduce multiple mission risks (technology, schedule, cost), and may require a transition to unconventional and as-yet-unproven operations concepts in order to be effective. Laboratory and flight demonstrations are necessary but insufficient to adequately reduce those risks. What is needed is a solid business case before a new technology can be considered for fleetwide deployment. To address these problems, we recently applied a technology maturation assessment process developed at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory to study the challenges of ISHM technology maturation. This application resulted in identification of the technologies (and technology maturation activities) that would result in the greatest risk reduction per investment dollar. Our approach and its results are described herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - INVESTMENTS
KW  - ISHM
KW  - risk
KW  - technology maturation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28723733; Feather, Martin S. 1 Uckun, Serdar 2; Email Address: uckun@mail.arc.nasa.gov Hicks, Kenneth A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p827; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: INVESTMENTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISHM; Author-Supplied Keyword: risk; Author-Supplied Keyword: technology maturation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523930 Investment Advice; NAICS/Industry Codes: 523999 Miscellaneous Financial Investment Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723733&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ray, Chandra S.
AU  - Reis, Signo T.
AU  - Sen, Subhayu
T1  - Characterization and Glass Formation of JSC-1 Lunar and Martian Soil Simulants.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 908
EP  - 916
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The space exploration mission of NASA requires human and robotic presence for long duration beyond the low earth orbit (LEO), especially on Moon and Mars. Developing a human habitat or colony on these planets would require a diverse range of materials, whose applications would range from structural foundations, (human) life support, (electric) power generation to components for scientific instrumentations. A reasonable and cost-effective approach for fabricating the materials needed for establishing a self-sufficient human outpost would be to primarily use local (in situ) resources on these planets. Since ancient times, glass and ceramics have been playing a vital role on human civilization. A long term project on studying the feasibility of developing glass and ceramic materials has been undertaken using Lunar and Martian soil simulants (JSC-1) as developed by Johnson Space Center. The first step in this on-going project requires developing a data base on results that fully characterize the simulants to be used for further investigations. The present paper reports characterization data of both JSC-1 Lunar and JSC Mars-1 simulants obtained up to this time via x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis (DTA, TGA) and chemical analysis. The critical cooling rate for glass formation for the melts of the simulants was also measured in order to quantitatively assess the glass forming tendency of these melts. The importance of the glasses and ceramics developed using in-situ resources for constructing human habitats on Moon or Mars is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - ELECTRIC generators
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - DTA and Mossbauer
KW  - Glass formation
KW  - Lunar and Martian soils simulants
KW  - XRD
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28723724; Ray, Chandra S. 1 Reis, Signo T. 1 Sen, Subhayu 2; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Center for Materials Research, University of Missouri-Rolla, Rolla, MO 65409  2: BAE Systems, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL 35812; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p908; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: DTA and Mossbauer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar and Martian soils simulants; Author-Supplied Keyword: XRD; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845057
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723724&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rickman, Doug
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
T1  - Some Expected Mechanical Characteristics of Lunar Dust: A Geological View.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 949
EP  - 955
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The engineering properties of the lunar regolith reflect aspects of the original parent rock and the consequences of hypervelocity meteor bombardment. Compared to the Earth the geologic nature of the lunar regolith is quite distinct. On scales relevant to machinery, heterogeneity with respect to size and composition is much higher. But the total range in composition is much more restricted. Both facts have implications for predictions of properties, such as abrasion, which will be required by design engineers for constructing equipment for lunar use. Abrasion is related to hardness and hardness is a commonly measured property for both minerals and engineering materials. Although different hardness scales are routinely employed for minerals and engineering materials, a significant amount of literature is available relating the two. In this paper we discuss how to relate hardness to abrasion for the design of lunar equipment. We also indicate how abundant the various mineral phases are and typical size distributions for lunar regolith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - HYPERVELOCITY
KW  - HARDNESS
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - CRUST
KW  - abrasion
KW  - engineering materials
KW  - Lunar regolith
KW  - mineralogy
N1  - Accession Number: 28723719; Rickman, Doug 1; Email Address: doug.rickman@nasa.gov Street, Kenneth W. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Space Science and Technology Center, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA  2: Tribology and Surface Science, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p949; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: HYPERVELOCITY; Subject Term: HARDNESS; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: CRUST; Author-Supplied Keyword: abrasion; Author-Supplied Keyword: engineering materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: mineralogy; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845062
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723719&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tweed, John
AU  - Walker, Steven A.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
T1  - Recent Progress in the Development of a Multi-Layer Green's Function Code for Ion Beam Transport.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 969
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 993
EP  - 1001
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - To meet the challenge of future deep space programs, an accurate and efficient engineering code for analyzing the shielding requirements against high-energy galactic heavy radiation is needed. To address this need, a new Green's function code capable of simulating high charge and energy ions with either laboratory or space boundary conditions is currently under development. The computational model consists of combinations of physical perturbation expansions based on the scales of atomic interaction, multiple scattering, and nuclear reactive processes with use of the Neumann-asymptotic expansions with non-perturbative corrections. The code contains energy loss due to straggling, nuclear attenuation, nuclear fragmentation with energy dispersion and downshifts. Previous reports show that the new code accurately models the transport of ion beams through a single slab of material. Current research efforts are focused on enabling the code to handle multiple layers of material and the present paper reports on progress made towards that end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - MULTIPLE scattering (Physics)
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - Ion Beam Transport
KW  - Multi-Layer Green's Function
KW  - Radiation Shielding
N1  - Accession Number: 28723713; Tweed, John 1; Email Address: jtweed@odu.edu Walker, Steven A. 1 Wilson, John W. 2 Tripathi, Ram K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 969 Issue 1, p993; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: MULTIPLE scattering (Physics); Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion Beam Transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-Layer Green's Function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation Shielding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2845068
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28723713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, X.
AU  - Braams, Bastiaan J.
AU  - Bowman, Joel M.
AU  - Kelly, Ross E. A.
AU  - Tennyson, Jonathan
AU  - Groenenboom, Gerrit C.
AU  - van der Avoird, Ad
T1  - New ab initio potential energy surface and the vibration-rotation-tunneling levels of (H2O)2 and (D2O)2.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 128
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 034312
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We report a new full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) for the water dimer, based on fitting energies at roughly 30 000 configurations obtained with the coupled-cluster single and double, and perturbative treatment of triple excitations method using an augmented, correlation consistent, polarized triple zeta basis set. A global dipole moment surface based on Mo\ller-Plesset perturbation theory results at these configurations is also reported. The PES is used in rigorous quantum calculations of intermolecular vibrational frequencies, tunneling splittings, and rotational constants for (H2O)2 and (D2O)2, using the rigid monomer approximation. Agreement with experiment is excellent and is at the highest level reported to date. The validity of this approximation is examined by comparing tunneling barriers within that model with those from fully relaxed calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - SPIN excitations
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 28625888; Huang, X. 1,2 Braams, Bastiaan J. 1 Bowman, Joel M. 1; Email Address: jmbowma@emory.edu Kelly, Ross E. A. 3 Tennyson, Jonathan 3 Groenenboom, Gerrit C. 4 van der Avoird, Ad 4; Email Address: A.vanderAvoird@theochem.ru.nl; Affiliation:  1: Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta Georgia 30322  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT  4: Theoretical Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 128 Issue 3, p034312; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: SPIN excitations; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2822115
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28625888&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kóspál, Á.
AU  - Ábrahám, P.
AU  - Apai, D.
AU  - Ardila, D. R.
AU  - Grady, C. A.
AU  - Henning, Th.
AU  - Juhász, A.
AU  - Miller, D. W.
AU  - Moór, A.
T1  - High-resolution polarimetry of Parsamian 21: revealing the structure of an edge-on FU Ori disc.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2008/01/21/
VL  - 383
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1015
EP  - 1028
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the first high spatial resolution near-infrared direct and polarimetric observations of Parsamian 21, obtained with the Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System-CONICA instrument at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We complemented these measurements with archival infrared observations, such as Hubble Space Telescope ( HST)/Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) imaging, HST/Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) polarimetry, photometry with the Spitzer Space Telescope's Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) and Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS), spectroscopy with Spitzer's Infrared Spectrograph (IRS), as well as Infrared Space Observatory ( ISO) photometry. Our main conclusions are as follows: (1) we argue that Parsamian 21 is probably an FU Orionis-type object (FUor); (2) Parsamian 21 is not associated with any rich cluster of young stars; (3) our measurements reveal a circumstellar envelope, a polar cavity and an edge-on disc; the disc seems to be geometrically flat and extends from approximately 48 to 360 au from the star; (4) the spectral energy distribution (SED) can be reproduced with a simple model of a circumstellar disc and an envelope; (5) within the framework of an evolutionary sequence of FUors proposed by Green et al. and Quanz et al., Parsamian 21 can be classified as an intermediate-aged object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - stars: individual: Parsamian 21
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
KW  - techniques: polarimetric
N1  - Accession Number: 28794002; Kóspál, Á. 1; Email Address: kospal@konkoly.hu Ábrahám, P. 1 Apai, D. 2,3 Ardila, D. R. 4 Grady, C. A. 5 Henning, Th. 6 Juhász, A. 6 Miller, D. W. 7 Moór, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Konkoly Observatory of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary.  2: Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.  3: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Mail Stop 240-1, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  4: Spitzer Science Centre, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.  5: Eureka Scientific and Goddard Space Flight Centre, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  6: Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.; Source Info: 1/21/2008, Vol. 383 Issue 3, p1015; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: Parsamian 21; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: polarimetric; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12557.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carneal, James P.
AU  - Giovanardi, Marco
AU  - Fuller, Chris R.
AU  - Palumbo, Dan
T1  - Re-Active Passive devices for control of noise transmission through a panel
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2008/01/22/
VL  - 309
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 506
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Re-Active Passive devices have been developed to control low-frequency (<1000Hz) noise transmission through a panel. These devices use a combination of active, re-active, and passive technologies packaged into a single unit to control a broad frequency range utilizing the strength of each technology over its best suited frequency range. The Re-Active Passive device uses passive constrained layer damping to cover relatively high-frequency range (>150Hz), reactive distributed vibration absorber to cover the medium-frequency range (50–200 Hz), and active control for controlling low frequencies (<150Hz). The actuator was applied to control noise transmission through a panel mounted in the Transmission Loss Test Facility at Virginia Tech. Experimental results are presented for the bare panel, and combinations of passive treatment, reactive treatment, and active control. Results indicate that three Re-Active Passive devices were able to increase the overall broadband (15–1000Hz) transmission loss by 9.4dB. These three devices added a total of 285g to the panel mass of 6.0kg, or approximately 5%, not including control electronics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE control
KW  - NOISE
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - PASSIVE components
N1  - Accession Number: 27629104; Carneal, James P. 1; Email Address: jcarneal@vt.edu Giovanardi, Marco 2 Fuller, Chris R. 3 Palumbo, Dan 3; Affiliation:  1: Vibration and Acoustics Laboratories, Mechanical Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0238, USA  2: Active Control experts, Inc. 215 First Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23606, USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 309 Issue 3-5, p495; Subject Term: NOISE control; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: PASSIVE components; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pasek, Matthew A.
T1  - Rethinking early Earth phosphorus geochemistry.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2008/01/22/
VL  - 105
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 853
EP  - 858
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Phosphorus is a key biologic element, and a prebiotic pathway leading to its incorporation into biomolecules has been difficult to ascertain. Most potentially prebiotic phosphorylation reactions have relied on orthophosphate as the source of phosphorus. It is suggested here that the geochemistry of phosphorus on the early Earth was instead controlled by reduced oxidation state phosphorus compounds such as phosphite (HPO32-), which are more soluble and reactive than orthophosphates. This reduced oxidation state phosphorus originated from extraterrestrial material that fell during the heavy bombardment period or was produced during impacts, and persisted in the mildly reducing atmosphere. This alternate view of early Earth phosphorus geochemistry provides an unexplored route to the formation of pertinent prebiotic phosphorus compounds, suggests a facile reaction pathway to condensed phosphates, and is consistent with the biochemical usage of reduced oxidation state phosphorus compounds in life today. Possible studies are suggested that may detect reduced oxidation state phosphorus compounds in ancient Archean rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOSPHORUS
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - PHOSPHORUS compounds
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
KW  - CHEMICAL elements
KW  - meteorites
KW  - origins of life
KW  - phosphonates
KW  - prebiotic
KW  - redox chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 29380389; Pasek, Matthew A. 1; Email Address: mpasek@lpl.arizona.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Institute (NAI) LaPlace Center. University of Arizona, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85719; Source Info: 1/22/2008, Vol. 105 Issue 3, p853; Subject Term: PHOSPHORUS; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PHOSPHORUS compounds; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: CHEMICAL elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: origins of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: phosphonates; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotic; Author-Supplied Keyword: redox chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0708205105
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - E.  S. Park
AU  - H.  W. Ro
AU  - C.  V. Nguyen
AU  - R.  L. Jaffe
AU  - D.  Y. Yoon
T1  - Infrared Spectroscopy Study of Microstructures of Poly(silsesquioxane)s.
JO  - Chemistry of Materials
JF  - Chemistry of Materials
Y1  - 2008/01/26/
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1548
EP  - 1554
SN  - 08974756
AB  - Results are presented from theoretical and experimental infrared (IR) spectroscopy studies of the microstructures of poly(silsesquioxane)s (PSSQs) of varying chemical composition. The calculated IR spectra show two distinct asymmetric Si−O−Si stretch vibration bands for models of complete polyhedral cages, incomplete open cages, and short ladder structures. Close analyses of the calculated results indicate that the higher frequency IR band at about 1150 cm −1is derived from the parallel asymmetric Si−O−Si stretch vibration mode in the (Si−O) nring subunit while the lower frequency band at about 1050 cm −1is due to the asymmetric Si−O−Si stretch symmetric with respect to the inversion point at the center of the (Si−O) nring and is absent in highly symmetric cage structures. Experimentally, poly(methylsilsesquioxane) (PMSQ), poly(isobutylsilsesquioxane) (PiBSQ), and poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) (PPhSQ) exhibit a varying tendency of cage-like structures, rather than ladder structures, in as-polymerized samples. When the thermal conversion (curing) temperature is increased to 400 °C, the microstructure of PMSQ in thin solid films transforms from open cage-like structure toward a random network with lower symmetry. This change in microstructure is caused by the secondary condensation reaction and the evaporation of cage structures, and the effect of cage evaporation becomes most pronounced for PiBSQ films, which are mostly comprised of cage-like structures that evaporate around 280 °C. In comparison, PPhSQ films retain cage-like structure upon curing to 400 °C as a result of the high evaporation temperature (ca. 500 °C) of the cages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemistry of Materials is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - EVAPORATION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 31843846; E.  S. Park 1 H.  W. Ro 1 C.  V. Nguyen 1 R.  L. Jaffe 1 D.  Y. Yoon 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea, ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94305, and NASA Ames Research Center, MS 230-1, Moffett Field, California 94305; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p1548; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - V.  Kharuk
AU  - M.  Dvinskaya
AU  - S.  Im
AU  - K.  Ranson
T1  - Tree vegetation of the forest-tundra ecotone in the Western Sayan mountains and climatic trends.
JO  - Russian Journal of Ecology
JF  - Russian Journal of Ecology
Y1  - 2008/01/26/
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 13
SN  - 10674136
AB  - Abstract  Parameters of reproduction of the Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica), including radial and apical tree increments, the age structure of stands, the amount of young growth, and its distribution along an altitudinal gradient, have been studied in the forest-tundra ecotone of the Western Sayan. The results show that, over the past 30 years, P. sibirica undergrowth has expanded to the mountain tundra belt, the apical and radial tree increments and stand density have increased, and the life form of many P. sibirica plants has changed from prostrate to erect (single-or multistemmed). These changes correlate with the dynamics of summer temperatures and monthly (in May and June) and annual precipitation. The rise of summer temperatures by 1°C promotes the expansion of P. sibirica undergrowth for approximately 150 m up the altitudinal gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Russian Journal of Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST management
KW  - STONE pines
KW  - SAYAN Mountains (Russia)
KW  - RUSSIA
N1  - Accession Number: 28715570; V.  Kharuk 1 M.  Dvinskaya 1 S.  Im 1 K.  Ranson 2; Affiliation:  1: Russian Academy of Sciences Akademgorodok Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch Krasnoyarsk 660036 Russia  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Center Maryland USA; Source Info: Jan2008, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p8; Subject Term: FOREST management; Subject Term: STONE pines; Subject Term: SAYAN Mountains (Russia); Subject Term: RUSSIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115310 Support Activities for Forestry; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sudbrack, Chantal K.
AU  - Ziebell, Tiffany D.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Effects of a tungsten addition on the morphological evolution, spatial correlations and temporal evolution of a model Ni–Al–Cr superalloy
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 448
EP  - 463
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The effect of adding 2at.% W to a model Ni–Al–Cr superalloy on the morphological evolution, spatial correlations and temporal evolution of γ′(L12)-precipitates at 1073K is studied with scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Adding W yields a larger microhardness, earlier onset of spheroidal-to-cuboidal precipitate morphological transition, larger volume fraction (from ∼20% to 30%), reduction in coarsening kinetics by one-third and a larger number density (N v) of smaller mean radii (〈R〉) precipitates. The kinetics of 〈R〉 and interfacial area per unit volume obey t 1/3 and t −1/3 relationships, respectively, which is consistent with coarsening driven by interfacial energy reduction. The N v power-law dependencies deviate, however, from model predictions, indicating that a stationary state is not achieved. Quantitative analyses with precipitate size distributions, pair correlation functions and edge-to-edge interprecipitate distance distributions give insight into two-dimensional microstructural evolution, including the elastically driven transition from a uniform γ′-distribution to one-dimensional 〈001〉-strings to eventually clustered packs of γ′-precipitates in the less densely packed Ni–Al–Cr alloy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - Coarsening
KW  - Nanostructure
KW  - Nickel alloys
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Tungsten
N1  - Accession Number: 28405451; Sudbrack, Chantal K. 1,2 Ziebell, Tiffany D. 1,3 Noebe, Ronald D. 4 Seidman, David N. 1,5; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p448; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coarsening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tungsten; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinrichsen, Ronald L.
AU  - Kurtz, Alex G.
AU  - Wang, John T.
AU  - Belcastro, Christine M.
AU  - Parks, Jeffrey L.
T1  - Modeling Projectile Damage in Transport Aircraft Wing Structures.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2.
M3  - Article
SP  - 328
EP  - 328
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The objective of this paper is to quantify the damage caused by a missile impacting aircraft structures, using computational simulations. A three-step approach was taken. The first step was to investigate the effects of a simple body-on-body impact on the aircraft's wing structure. The second step was to simulate the hydrodynamic ram effects due to a high-velocity projectile impacting and traveling through a fluid-filled wing box. The third step was to add an explosive to the projectile model to investigate the combined effects of the kinetic energy of the projectile, hydrodynamic ram, and the explosive blast at various locations and incident angles. This paper presents the results of these steps in which the LS-DYNA code was used for each of the simulations. Results are presented in terms of images of damages as well as area removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROJECTILES
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - GUIDED missiles
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - DAMAGES (Law)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 30768149; Hinrichsen, Ronald L. 1 Kurtz, Alex G. 2 Wang, John T. 3 Belcastro, Christine M. 3 Parks, Jeffrey L. 4; Affiliation:  1: RHAMM Technologies, LLC, Bellbrook, Ohio 45305  2: Aerospace Survivability and Safety Flight, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 46 Issue 2., p328; Subject Term: PROJECTILES; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: GUIDED missiles; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DAMAGES (Law); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.26374
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crespo, Luis G.
AU  - Giesy, Daniel P.
AU  - Kenny, Sean P.
T1  - Robustness Analysis and Robust Design of Uncertain Systems.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2.
M3  - Article
SP  - 388
EP  - 388
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper proposes a methodology for the analysis and design of systems subject to parametric uncertainty in which design requirements are specified via hard inequality constraints. Hard constraints are those that must be satisfied for all parameter realizations within a given uncertainty model. Uncertainty models given by norm-bounded perturbations from a nominal parameter value (i.e., hyperspheres) and by sets of independently bounded uncertain variables (i.e., hyperrectangles) are the focus of this paper. These models, which are also quite practical, allow for a rigorous mathematical treatment within the proposed framework. Hard-constraint feasibility is determined by sizing the largest uncertainty set for which the design requirements are satisfied. Assessments of robustness are attained by comparing this set with the actual uncertainty model. These assessments do not suffer from the numerical deficiencies of sampling-based methods. Strategies that enable the comparison of the robustness characteristics of competing design alternatives, the approximation of the robust design space, and the systematic search for designs with improved robustness are also proposed. Because the problem formulation is generic and the tools derived only require standard optimization algorithms for their implementation, this methodology is applicable to a broad range of engineering problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
N1  - Accession Number: 30768152; Crespo, Luis G. 1; Email Address: Luis.G.Crespo@nasa.gov Giesy, Daniel P. 2; Email Address: Daniel.P.Giesy@nasa.gov Kenny, Sean P. 2; Email Address: Sean.P.Kenny@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 46 Issue 2., p388; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.28683
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, J. P.
AU  - Smith, W. L.
AU  - Cuomo, V.
AU  - Larar, A. M.
AU  - Zhou, D. K.
AU  - Serio, C.
AU  - Maestri, T.
AU  - Rizzi, R.
AU  - Newman, S.
AU  - Antonelli, P.
AU  - Mango, S.
AU  - Di Girolamo, P.
AU  - Esposito, F.
AU  - Grieco, G.
AU  - Summa, D.
AU  - Restieri, R.
AU  - Masiello, G.
AU  - Romano, F.
AU  - Pappalardo, G.
AU  - Pavese, G.
T1  - EAQUATE: An International Experiment For Hyperspectral Atmospheric Sounding Validation.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 218
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The international experiment called the European Aqua Thermodynamic Experiment (EAQUATE) was held in September 2004 in Italy and the United Kingdom to validate Aqua satellite Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) radiance measurements and derived products with certain groundbased and airborne systems useful for validating hyperspectral satellite sounding observations. A range of flights over land and marine surfaces were conducted to coincide with overpasses of the AIRS instrument on the Earth Observing System Aqua platform. Direct radiance evaluation of AIRS using National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) and the Scanning High-Resolution Infrared Sounder has shown excellent agreement. Comparisons of level-2 retrievals of temperature and water vapor from AIRS and NAST-I validated against high-quality lidar and dropsonde data show that the 1-K/1-km and 10%/1-km requirements for temperature and water vapor (respectively) are generally being met. The EAQUATE campaign has proven the need for synergistic measurements from a range of observing systems for satellite calibration/validation and has paved the way for future calibration/validation activities in support of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer on the European Meteorological Operational platform and Gross-Track Infrared Sounder on the NPOESS Prepatory Project platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - SURFACE area
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - GREAT Britain
N1  - Accession Number: 31459524; Taylor, J. P. 1; Email Address: jonathan.p.taylor@metoffice.gov.uk Smith, W. L. 2,3 Cuomo, V. 4 Larar, A. M. 5 Zhou, D. K. 5 Serio, C. 6 Maestri, T. 7 Rizzi, R. 7 Newman, S. 1 Antonelli, P. 8 Mango, S. 9 Di Girolamo, P. 6 Esposito, F. 6 Grieco, G. 6 Summa, D. 6 Restieri, R. 6 Masiello, G. 6 Romano, F. 4 Pappalardo, G. 4 Pavese, G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Met Office, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom  2: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  4: Istituto di Metodologie per I'Analisi Ambientale, CNR, Tito Scalo, Italy  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  6: Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Fisica dell'Ambiente, University of Basiiicata, Potenza, Italy  7: Physics Department, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy  8: Mediterranean Agency for Remote Sensing, Benevento, Italy  9: NPOESS Integrated Program Office, Silver Spring, Maryland; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 89 Issue 2, p203; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: SURFACE area; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: GREAT Britain; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-89-2-203
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stetter, Joseph R.
AU  - Jing Li
T1  - Amperometric Gas Sensors—A Review.
JO  - Chemical Reviews
JF  - Chemical Reviews
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 108
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 352
EP  - 366
SN  - 00092665
AB  - The article examines the fundamental principles and constituents of the amperometric gas sensor (AGS) sensor device and some significant events in the design and development of the AGS technology. AGS belongs to a large and important class of electrochemical gas sensors which play an increasing role in environmental monitoring, medical and health applications, industrial safety, security, surveillance and the automotive industry. Moreover, the article focuses on the low-temperature AGS.
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - GASES
KW  - CONDUCTOMETRIC analysis
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - INDUSTRIAL safety
KW  - AUTOMOBILE industry
N1  - Accession Number: 31140083; Stetter, Joseph R. 1; Email Address: joseph.stetter@sri.com Jing Li 2; Affiliation:  1: SRI International 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, California 94O25-3493  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 108 Issue 2, p352; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: CONDUCTOMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL safety; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423110 Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 415110 New and used automobile and light-duty truck merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336211 Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336111 Automobile Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336110 Automobile and light-duty motor vehicle manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441110 New Car Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Jason M.
AU  - Green, Stefan J.
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl A.
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
T1  - Shifts in methanogen community structure and function associated with long-term manipulation of sulfate and salinity in a hypersaline microbial mat.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 386
EP  - 394
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Methanogenesis was characterized in hypersaline microbial mats from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico both in situ and after long-term manipulation in a greenhouse environment. Substrate addition experiments indicate methanogenesis to occur primarily through the catabolic demethylation of non-competitive substrates, under field conditions. However, evidence for the coexistence of other metabolic guilds of methanogens was obtained during a previous manipulation of sulfate concentrations. To fully characterize methanogenesis in these mats, in the absence of competition for reducing equivalents with sulfate-reducing microorganisms, we maintained microbial mats for longer than 1 year under conditions of lowered sulfate and salinity levels. The goal of this study was to assess whether observed differences in methane production during sulfate and salinity manipulation were accompanied by shifts in the composition of methanogen communities. Culture-independent techniques targeting methyl coenzyme M reductase genes ( mcrA) were used to assess the dynamics of methanogen assemblages. Clone libraries from mats sampled in situ or maintained at field-like conditions in the greenhouse were exclusively composed of sequences related to methylotrophic members of the Methanosarcinales. Increases in pore water methane concentrations under conditions of low sulfate correlated with an observed increase in the abundance of putatively hydrogenotrophic mcrA, related to Methanomicrobiales. Geochemical and molecular data provide evidence of a significant shift in the metabolic pathway of methanogenesis from a methylotroph-dominated system in high-sulfate environments to a mixed community of methylotrophic and hydrogenotrophic methanogens under low sulfate conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANOGENS
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - FUNGUS-bacterium relationships
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - BACTERIOLOGY
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 28326388; Smith, Jason M. 1 Green, Stefan J. 1 Kelley, Cheryl A. 2 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 1 Bebout, Brad M. 1; Email Address: brad.m.bebout@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p386; Subject Term: METHANOGENS; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: SALINITY; Subject Term: FUNGUS-bacterium relationships; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: BACTERIOLOGY; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01459.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Soderlund, K.
AU  - Bauer, J.
AU  - Mosher, J.A.
AU  - Hicks, M.D.
AU  - Simonelli, D.P.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Momary, T.
T1  - Infrared (0.83–5.1 μm) photometry of Phoebe from the Cassini Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 193
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 309
EP  - 322
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Three weeks prior to the commencement of Cassini''s 4 year tour of the saturnian system, the spacecraft executed a close flyby of the outer satellite Phoebe. The infrared channel of the Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) obtained images of reflected light over the 0.83–5.1 μm spectral range with an average spectral resolution of 16.5 nm, spatial resolution up to 2 km, and over a range of solar phase angles not observed before. These images have been analyzed to derive fundamental photometric parameters including the phase curve and phase integral, spectral geometric albedo, bolometric Bond albedo, and the single scattering albedo. Physical properties of the surface, including macroscopic roughness and the single particle phase function, have also been characterized. Maps of normal reflectance show the existence of two major albedo regimes in the infrared, with gradations between the two regimes and much terrain with substantially higher albedos. The phase integral of Phoebe is , with no significant wavelength dependence. The bolometric Bond albedo is . We find that the surface of Phoebe is rough, with a mean slope angle of 33°. The satellite''s surface has a substantial forward scattering component, suggesting that its surface is dusty, perhaps from a history of outgassing. The spectrum of Phoebe is best matched by a composition including water ice, amorphous carbon, iron-bearing minerals, carbon dioxide, and Triton tholin. The characteristics of Phoebe suggest that it originated outside the saturnian system, perhaps in the Kuiper Belt, and was captured on its journey inward, as suggested by . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Photometry
KW  - satellites ( Saturn )
KW  - surfaces ( Satellites )
N1  - Accession Number: 30025761; Buratti, B.J. 1; Email Address: bonnie.burattii@jpl.nasa.gov Soderlund, K. 2 Bauer, J. 1 Mosher, J.A. 1 Hicks, M.D. 1 Simonelli, D.P. Jaumann, R. 3 Clark, R.N. 4 Brown, R.H. 5 Cruikshank, D.P. 6 Momary, T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 183-501, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: University of California, Department of Earth and Space Sci., Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  3: DLR, Institute for Planet. Expl., Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  4: USGS, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  5: University of Arizona, Department of Planet. Sci. and LPL, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  6: NASA/Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 193 Issue 2, p309; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Saturn ); Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces ( Satellites ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Curchin, John M.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Hoefen, Todd M.
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Nicholson, Philip D.
AU  - Nelson, Robert M.
T1  - Compositional mapping of Saturn's satellite Dione with Cassini VIMS and implications of dark material in the Saturn system
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 193
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 372
EP  - 386
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Cassini VIMS has obtained spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy data on numerous satellites of Saturn. A very close fly-by of Dione provided key information for solving the riddle of the origin of the dark material in the Saturn system. The Dione VIMS data show a pattern of bombardment of fine, sub-0.5-μm diameter particles impacting the satellite from the trailing side direction. Multiple lines of evidence point to an external origin for the dark material on Dione, including the global spatial pattern of dark material, local patterns including crater and cliff walls shielding implantation on slopes facing away from the trailing side, exposing clean ice, and slopes facing the trailing direction which show higher abundances of dark material. Multiple spectral features of the dark material match those seen on Phoebe, Iapetus, Hyperion, Epimetheus and the F-ring, implying the material has a common composition throughout the Saturn system. However, the exact composition of the dark material remains a mystery, except that bound water and, tentatively, ammonia are detected, and there is evidence both for and against cyanide compounds. Exact identification of composition requires additional laboratory work. A blue scattering peak with a strong UV–visible absorption is observed in spectra of all satellites which contain dark material, and the cause is Rayleigh scattering, again pointing to a common origin. The Rayleigh scattering effect is confirmed with laboratory experiments using ice and 0.2-μm diameter carbon grains when the carbon abundance is less than about 2% by weight. Rayleigh scattering in solids is also confirmed in naturally occurring terrestrial rocks, and in previously published reflectance studies. The spatial pattern, Rayleigh scattering effect, and spectral properties argue that the dark material is only a thin coating on Dione''s surface, and by extension is only a thin coating on Phoebe, Hyperion, and Iapetus, although the dark material abundance appears higher on Iapetus, and may be locally thick. As previously concluded for Phoebe, the dark material appears to be external to the Saturn system and may be cometary in origin. We also report a possible detection of material around Dione which may indicate Dione is active and contributes material to the E-ring, but this observation must be confirmed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PHOEBE (Satellite)
KW  - composition ( Satellites )
KW  - Ices
KW  - IR spectroscopy ( Ices )
KW  - rings ( Saturn )
KW  - satellites ( Saturn )
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - surfaces ( Satellites )
N1  - Accession Number: 30025767; Clark, Roger N. 1; Email Address: rclark@usgs.gov Curchin, John M. 1 Jaumann, Ralf 2 Cruikshank, Dale P. 3 Brown, Robert H. 4 Hoefen, Todd M. 1 Stephan, Katrin 2 Moore, Jeffrey M. 3 Buratti, Bonnie J. 5 Baines, Kevin H. 5 Nicholson, Philip D. 6 Nelson, Robert M. 5; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  2: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Cornell University, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 193 Issue 2, p372; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PHOEBE (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: composition ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy ( Ices ); Author-Supplied Keyword: rings ( Saturn ); Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Saturn ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces ( Satellites ); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Stephan, K.
AU  - Hansen, G.B.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Newman, S.F.
AU  - Bellucci, G.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Griffith, C.A.
AU  - Hibbitts, C.A.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
AU  - Sotin, C.
AU  - Wagner, R.
T1  - Distribution of icy particles across Enceladus' surface as derived from Cassini-VIMS measurements
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 193
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 407
EP  - 419
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The surface of Enceladus consists almost completely of water ice. As the band depths of water ice absorptions are sensitive to the size of particles, absorptions can be used to map variations of icy particles across the surface. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observed Enceladus with a high spatial resolution during three Cassini flybys in 2005 (orbits EN 003, EN 004 and EN 011). Based on these data we measured the band depths of water ice absorptions at 1.04, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 μm. These band depths were compared to water ice models that represent theoretically calculated reflectance spectra for a range of particle diameters between 2 μm and 1 mm. The agreement between the experimental (VIMS) and model values supports the assumption that pure water ice characterizes the surface of Enceladus and therefore that variations in band depth correspond to variations in water ice particle diameters. Our measurements show that the particle diameter of water ice increases toward younger tectonically altered surface units with the largest particles exposed in relatively “fresh” surface material. The smallest particles were generally found in old densely cratered terrains. The largest particles (∼0.2 mm) are concentrated in the so called “tiger stripes” at the south pole. In general, the particle diameters are strongly correlated with geologic features and surface ages, indicating a stratigraphic evolution of the surface that is caused by cryovolcanic resurfacing and impact gardening. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENCELADUS (Satellite)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - Enceladus
KW  - satellites ( Saturn )
N1  - Accession Number: 30025770; Jaumann, R. 1,2; Email Address: ralf.jaumann@dlr.de Stephan, K. 1 Hansen, G.B. 3 Clark, R.N. 4 Buratti, B.J. 5 Brown, R.H. 6 Baines, K.H. 5 Newman, S.F. 5 Bellucci, G. 7 Filacchione, G. 7 Coradini, A. 7 Cruikshank, D.P. 8 Griffith, C.A. 6 Hibbitts, C.A. 3 McCord, T.B. 3 Nelson, R.M. 5 Nicholson, P.D. 9 Sotin, C. 10 Wagner, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  2: Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geosciences, Free University, Berlin, Germany  3: Bear Fight Center, 22 Fiddler's Rd., Winthrop, WA 98862-0667, USA  4: US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  7: Istituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario, CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, Roma, Italy  8: NASA Ames Research Center, 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  10: University of Nantes, 44072 Nantes Cedex 3, France; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 193 Issue 2, p407; Subject Term: ENCELADUS (Satellite); Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enceladus; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Saturn ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Wenbo Sun
AU  - Qilong Min
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Numerical Studies of Scattering Properties of Leaves and Leaf Moisture Influences on the Scattering at Microwave Wavelengths.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
EP  - 360
SN  - 01962892
AB  - This paper uses a 3-D finite-difference time-domain method to accurately calculate the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented leaves and evaluate the influence of vegetation water content (VWC) on these properties at frequencies of 19.35 and 37.0 GHz. The studied leaves are assumed to be thin elliptical disks with two different sizes and have various VWC values. Although leaf moisture causes considerable absorption in the scattering process, the effective efficiencies of extinction and scattering of leaves essentially linearly increase with VWC, which is critical for forest remote sensing. Calculated asymmetry factors and phase functions also indicate that there is a significant amount of scattered energy at large scattering angles at microwave wavelengths. This paper can improve the modeling of the radiative transfer by vegetation canopies at the higher frequencies of the microwave spectrum, which is important for passive microwave remote sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - MICROWAVE remote sensing
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RADIATION damping
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Microwave propagation
KW  - scattering
KW  - vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 29434069; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov Wenbo Sun 2 Qilong Min 3 Yongxiang Hu 1; Affiliation:  1: Sciences Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA  2: Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23666 USA  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p353; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: MICROWAVE remote sensing; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: RADIATION damping; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.912434
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Lông, David G.
AU  - Njoku, Eni G.
T1  - Stokes Antenna Temperatures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 516
EP  - 527
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The growing importance of polarimetric radiometers has led to the need for a detailed theory for Stokes antenna temperatures. In this paper, we provide a full Stokes vector formulation of an antenna temperature that accounts for the entire antenna pattern, which includes polarization mixing in the main-beam and sidelobe effects. To derive the Stokes antenna temperatures, we follow the conventional methods in the Earth remote sensing literature while relying on a coherency algebra approach from radio astronomy. Connections and parallels to the conventional approaches are noted along the way. We also introduce generalizations of beam efficiency and cross polarization for use with polarimetric radiometers. These provide important metrics in the design of future systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - RADIO astronomy
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - RADIATION measurements -- Instruments
KW  - FREE-space optical technology
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Jones matrix
KW  - Mueller matrix
KW  - polarimetry
KW  - polarization
KW  - radiometry
KW  - Stokes parameters
N1  - Accession Number: 29434084; Piepmeier, Jeffrey R. 1; Email Address: jeff.piepmeier@nasa.gov Lông, David G. 2 Njoku, Eni G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771-0001 USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p516; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: RADIO astronomy; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements -- Instruments; Subject Term: FREE-space optical technology; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jones matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mueller matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stokes parameters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2007.909597
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29434084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Oliker, Leonid
T1  - PREFACE.
JO  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
JF  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Y1  - 2008///Spring2008
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 4
SN  - 10943420
AB  - A preface for the February 2008 issue of "The International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications" is presented.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - COMPUTER systems
N1  - Accession Number: 31170779; Biswas, Rupak 1 Oliker, Leonid 2; Affiliation:  1: NAS DIVISION, NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035  2: CRD/NERSC, LAWRENCE BERKELEY NATIONAL LABORATORY, BERKELEY, CA 94720; Source Info: Spring2008, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1 094342007008501 3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hood, Robert
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Chang, Johnny
AU  - Djomehri, M. Jahed
AU  - Haoqiang Jin
T1  - BENCHMARKING THE COLUMBIA SUPERCLUSTER.
JO  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
JF  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Y1  - 2008///Spring2008
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 112
SN  - 10943420
AB  - The article reports on the study of the performance of the 10,240-processor supercluster and supercomputer called "Columbia" in the Ames Research Center of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in Moffett Field, California. The study examines the performance characteristics of Columbia's production subclusters with 512 to 2048 processors. It also measures the floating-point performance, memory bandwidth, and message passing communication speeds of the Columbia. The study uses the HPC challenge benchmarks, NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) parallel benchmarks, and the computational fluid dynamics application in the performance evaluation of the Columbia.
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - SUPERCLUSTERS
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - SOFTWARE
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - computational fluid dynamics
KW  - HPC Challenge benchmarks
KW  - NAS Parallel Benchmarks
KW  - SGI Altix
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 31170785; Hood, Robert 1; Email Address: RHOOD@MAIL.ARC.NASA.GOV Biswas, Rupak 1 Chang, Johnny 1 Djomehri, M. Jahed 1 Haoqiang Jin 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA ADVANCED SUPERCOMPUTING (NAS) DIVISION, NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035; Source Info: Spring2008, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p97; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: SUPERCLUSTERS; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: SOFTWARE; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPC Challenge benchmarks; Author-Supplied Keyword: NAS Parallel Benchmarks; Author-Supplied Keyword: SGI Altix; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1094342006085021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nakano, Aiichiro
AU  - Kalia, Rajiv K.
AU  - Nomura, Ken-ichi
AU  - Sharma, Ashish
AU  - Vashishta, Priya
AU  - Shimojo, Fuyuki
AU  - Van Duin, Adri C. T.
AU  - Goddard III, William A.
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
AU  - Yang, Lin H.
T1  - DE NOVO ULTRASCALE ATOMISTIC SIMULATIONS ON HIGH-END PARALLEL SUPERCOMPUTERS.
JO  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
JF  - International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications
Y1  - 2008///Spring2008
VL  - 22
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 113
EP  - 128
SN  - 10943420
AB  - The article reports on the de novo hierarchical simulation framework on high-end parallel supercomputers and clusters. The framework contains a high-end chemically reactive and non-reactive molecular dynamics simulations. It also includes an embedded divide-and-conquer algorithmic framework for linear-scaling simulation algorithms with minimal bandwidth complexity and tight error control. The framework also provides an adaptive hierarchical simulation with automated model transitioning aided by graph-based event tracking.
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Software
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - density functional theory
KW  - grid computing
KW  - hierarchical simulation
KW  - molecular dynamics
KW  - parallel computing
KW  - quantum mechanics
KW  - reactive force field
N1  - Accession Number: 31170786; Nakano, Aiichiro 1; Email Address: ANAKANO@USC.EDU Kalia, Rajiv K. 1 Nomura, Ken-ichi 1 Sharma, Ashish 1,2 Vashishta, Priya 1 Shimojo, Fuyuki 1,3 Van Duin, Adri C. T. 4 Goddard III, William A. 4 Biswas, Rupak 5 Srivastava, Deepak 5 Yang, Lin H. 6; Affiliation:  1: COLLABORATORY FOR ADVANCED COMPUTING AND SIMULATIONS, UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES, CA 90089-0242, USA  2: DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS, OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY, COLUMBUS, OH 43210, USA  3: DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS, KUMAMOTO UNIVERSITY, KUMAMOTO 860-8555, JAPAN  4: MATERIALS AND PROCESS SIMULATION CENTER, CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, PASADENA, CA 91125, USA  5: NASA ADVANCED SUPERCOMPUTING (NAS) DIVISION, NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER, MOFFETT FIELD, CA 94035, USA  6: PHYSICS/H DIVISION, LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY, LIVERMORE, CA 94551, USA; Source Info: Spring2008, Vol. 22 Issue 1, p113; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Software; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: density functional theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: grid computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: hierarchical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: parallel computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantum mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: reactive force field; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238130 Framing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1094342007085015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kondragunta, S.
AU  - Lee, P.
AU  - McQueen, J.
AU  - Kittaka, C.
AU  - Prados, A. I.
AU  - Ciren, P.
AU  - Laszlo, I.
AU  - Pierce, R. B.
AU  - Hoff, R.
AU  - Szykman, J. J.
T1  - Air Quality Forecast Verification Using Satellite Data.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 425
EP  - 442
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - NOAA’s operational geostationary satellite retrievals of aerosol optical depths (AODs) were used to verify National Weather Service developmental (research mode) particulate matter (PM2.5) predictions tested during the summer 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation/New England Air Quality Study (ICARTT/NEAQS) field campaign. The forecast period included long-range transport of smoke from fires burning in Canada and Alaska and a regional-scale sulfate event over the Gulf of Mexico and the eastern United States. Over the 30-day time period for which daytime hourly forecasts were compared with observations, the categorical (exceedance defined as AOD > 0.55) forecast accuracy was between 0% and 20%. Hourly normalized mean bias (forecasts - observations) ranged between -50% and +50% with forecasts being positively biased when observed AODs were small and negatively biased when observed AODs were high. Normalized mean errors are between 50% and 100% with the errors on the lower end during the 18–22 July 2004 time period when a regional-scale sulfate event occurred. Spatially, the errors are small over the regions where sulfate plumes were present. The correlation coefficient also showed similar features (spatially and temporally) with a peak value of ∼0.6 during the 18–22 July 2004 time period. The dominance of long-range transport of smoke into the United States during the summer of 2004, neglected in the model predictions, skewed the model forecast performance. Enhanced accuracy and reduced normalized mean errors during the time period when a sulfate event prevailed show that the forecast system has skill in predicting PM2.5 associated with urban/industrial pollution events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Weather Service
N1  - Accession Number: 31549059; Kondragunta, S. 1; Email Address: shobha.kondragunta@noaa.gov Lee, P. 2 McQueen, J. 3 Kittaka, C. 4 Prados, A. I. 5 Ciren, P. 6 Laszlo, I. 1 Pierce, R. B. 1 Hoff, R. 7 Szykman, J. J. 8; Affiliation:  1: NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Camp Springs, Maryland  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Camp Springs, Maryland  3: NOAA/NWS/National Centers for Environmental Prediction, Camp Springs, Maryland  4: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Norfolk, Virginia  6: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  7: QSS, Inc., Camp Springs, Maryland  8: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p425; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Weather Service; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAMC1392.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ohwon Kwon
AU  - Krishnamoorthy, Mahesh
AU  - Cho, Young I.
AU  - Sankovic, John M.
AU  - Banerjee, Rupak K.
T1  - Effect of Blood Viscosity on Oxygen Transport in Residual Stenosed Artery Following Angioplasty.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 130
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 01480731
AB  - The effect of blood viscosity on oxygen transport in a stenosed coronary artery during the postangioplasty scenario is studied. In addition to incorporating varying blood viscosity using different hematocrit (Hct) concentrations, oxygen consumption by the avascular wall and its supply from vasa vasorum, nonlinear oxygen binding capacity of the hemoglobin, and basal to hyperemic flow rate changes are included in the calculation of oxygen transport in both the lumen and the avascular wall. The results of this study show that oxygen transport in the postangioplasty residual stenosed artery is affected by non-Newtonian shear-thinning property of the blood viscosity having variable Hct concentration. As Hct increases from 25% to 65%, the diminished recirculation zone for the increased Hct causes the commencement of pO2 decrease to shift radially outward by ∼20% from the center of the artery for the basal flow, but by ∼10% for the hyperemic flow at the end of the diverging section. Oxygen concentration increases from a minimum value at the core of the recirculation zone to over 90  mm  Hg before the lumen-wall interface at the diverging section for the hyperemic flow, which is attributed to increased shear rate and thinner lumen boundary layer for the hyperemic flow, and below 90  mm  Hg for the basal flow. As Hct increases from 25% to 65%, the average of pO2,min beyond the diverging section drops by ∼25% for the basal flow, whereas it increases by ∼15% for the hyperemic flow. Thus, current results with the moderate stenosed artery indicate that reducing Hct might be favorable in terms of increasing O2 flux and pO2,min, in the medial region of the wall for the basal flow, while higher Hct is advantageous for the hyperemic flow beyond the diverging section. The results of this study not only provide significant details of oxygen transport under varying pathophysiologic blood conditions such as unusually high blood viscosity and flow rate, but might also be extended to offer implications for drug therapy related to blood-thinning medication and for blood transfusion and hemorrhage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanical Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering -- Research
KW  - BIOMEDICAL engineering
KW  - OXYGEN -- Physiological transport
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - EXAMINATION of the blood
KW  - PLASTIC surgery
KW  - ERYTHROCYTES
KW  - BLOOD proteins
N1  - Accession Number: 31122922; Ohwon Kwon 1 Krishnamoorthy, Mahesh 1 Cho, Young I. 2 Sankovic, John M. 3 Banerjee, Rupak K. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104  3: Microgravity Science Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  4: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 130 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MECHANICAL engineering -- Research; Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL engineering; Subject Term: OXYGEN -- Physiological transport; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: EXAMINATION of the blood; Subject Term: PLASTIC surgery; Subject Term: ERYTHROCYTES; Subject Term: BLOOD proteins; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2838029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ripoll, J.-F.
AU  - Wray, A.A.
T1  - A 3-D multiband closure for radiation and neutron transfer moment models
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 227
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2212
EP  - 2237
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: We derive a 3D multi-band moment model and its associated closure for radiation and neutron transfer. The new closure is analytical and nonlinear but very simple. Its derivation is based on the maximum entropy closure and assumes a Wien shape for the intensity when used in the Eddington tensor. In the multi-band approach, the opacity is re-arranged (binned) according to the opacity value. The multi-band model propagates identically all photons/neutrons having the same opacity. This has been found to be a good approximation on average since the transport is mostly determined by the opacities and less by the frequencies. This same concept is used to derive the closure. We prove on two complex test atmospheres (the solar atmosphere and an artificial atmosphere) that the closure we have derived has good accuracy. All approximations made in deriving the model have been carefully numerically checked and quantified. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - ANYONS
KW  - BOOTSTRAP theory (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Maximum entropy closure
KW  - Moment models
KW  - Multi-band models
KW  - Multi-bin models
KW  - Neutron transfer
KW  - ODF
KW  - Radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 28397891; Ripoll, J.-F. 1; Email Address: ripoll@lanl.gov Wray, A.A. 2; Email Address: wray@nas.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 227 Issue 4, p2212; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: ANYONS; Subject Term: BOOTSTRAP theory (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Maximum entropy closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moment models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-band models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-bin models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: ODF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.08.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemec, Marian
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
T1  - Adjoint sensitivity computations for an embedded-boundary Cartesian mesh method
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 227
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2724
EP  - 2742
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: We present a new approach for the computation of shape sensitivities using the discrete adjoint and flow-sensitivity methods on Cartesian meshes with general polyhedral cells (cut-cells) at the wall boundaries. By directly linearizing geometric constructors of the cut-cells, an efficient and robust computation of shape sensitivities is achieved for problems governed by the Euler equations. The accuracy of the linearization is verified by the use of a model problem with an exact solution. Verification studies show that the convergence rate of gradients is second-order for design variables that do not alter the boundary shape, and is reduced to first-order for shape design problems. The approach is applied to several three-dimensional problems, including inverse design and shape optimization of a re-entry capsule in hypersonic flow. The results show that reliable approximations of the gradient are obtained in all cases. The approach is well-suited for geometry control via computer-aided design, and is especially effective for conceptual design studies with complex geometry where fast turn-around time is required. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELLS
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - COMPUTER-aided design
KW  - COMPUTER-aided engineering
KW  - Adjoint
KW  - Aerodynamic shape optimization
KW  - Cartesian mesh
N1  - Accession Number: 28397914; Nemec, Marian 1,2; Email Address: Marian.Nemec@nasa.gov Aftosmis, Michael J. 2; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 227 Issue 4, p2724; Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided design; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adjoint; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerodynamic shape optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cartesian mesh; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.11.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Varela-Feria, Francisco M.
AU  - Ramírez-Rico, Joaquín
AU  - de Arellano-López, Antonio R.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, Julián
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
T1  - Reaction–formation mechanisms and microstructure evolution of biomorphic SiC.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 43
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 933
EP  - 941
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Biomorphic SiC is fabricated by liquid Si infiltration of a carbon preform obtained from pyrolized wood that can be selected for tailored properties. The microstructure and reaction kinetics of biomorphic SiC have been investigated by means of TEM, SEM, EBSD, and partial infiltration experiments. The microstructure of the material consists of SiC and Si and a small fraction of unreacted C. The SiC follows a bimodal size distribution of grains in the micrometer and the nanometer range with no preferential orientation. The infiltration-reaction constant has been determined as 18 × 10−3 s−1. These observations suggest that the main mechanism for SiC formation is solution–precipitation in the first stage of growth. If the pores in the wood are small enough they can be choked by SiC grains that act as a diffusion barrier between Si and C. If that is the case, Si will diffuse through SiC forming SiC grains in the nanometer range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEEPAGE
KW  - GRAINING
KW  - STAINS & staining
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - SOLID solutions
N1  - Accession Number: 28164573; Varela-Feria, Francisco M. 1 Ramírez-Rico, Joaquín 1; Email Address: jrr@us.es de Arellano-López, Antonio R. 1 Martínez-Fernández, Julián 1 Singh, Mrityunjay 2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada-ICMSE, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, P.O. Box 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 43 Issue 3, p933; Subject Term: SEEPAGE; Subject Term: GRAINING; Subject Term: STAINS & staining; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-007-2207-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharpe Jr., William N.
AU  - Beheim, Glenn M.
AU  - Evans, Laura J.
AU  - Nemeth, Noel N.
AU  - Jadaan, Osama M.
T1  - Fracture Strength of Single-Crystal Silicon Carbide Microspecimens at 24 °C and 1000 °C.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 244
EP  - 254
SN  - 10577157
AB  - Three shapes of silicon carbide tensile specimens were tested-curved with a low stress-concentration factor and straight with a circular hole or an elliptical hole. The nominal thickness was 125 µm with a net section that is 100-µm wide; the overall length of these microspecimens was 3.1 mm. They were fabricated by an improved version of deep reactive ion etching, which produced specimens with smooth sidewalls and cross sections having a slightly trapezoidal shape that was exaggerated inside the holes. The novel test setup used a vertical load train extending into a resistance furnace. The specimens had wedge-shaped ends which fit into ceramic grips. The fixed grip was mounted on a ceramic post, and the movable grip was connected to a load cell and actuator outside the furnace with a ceramic-encased nichrome wire. The same arrangement was used for tests at 24 °C and at 1000 °C. The strengths of the curved specimens for two batches of material (made with slightly different processes) were 0.66 ± 0.12 and 0.45 ± 0.20 GPa, respectively, at 24 °C with identical values at 1000 °C. The fracture strengths of the circular-hole and elliptical-hole specimens (computed from the stress-concentration factors and measured loads at failure) were approximately 1.2 GPa with slight decreases at the higher temperature. Fractographic examinations showed failures initiating on the surface-primarily at corners. Weibull predictions of fracture strengths for the hole specimens based on the properties of the curved specimens were reasonably effective for the circular holes but not for the elliptical holes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - FRACTOGRAPHY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - material testing
KW  - silicon carbide (SiC)
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 31156308; Sharpe Jr., William N. 1; Email Address: sharpe@jhu.edu Beheim, Glenn M. 2; Email Address: glenn.m.beheim@nasa.gov Evans, Laura J. 2; Email Address: laura.j.evans@nasa.gov Nemeth, Noel N. 2; Email Address: noel.n.nemeth@nasa.gov Jadaan, Osama M. 3; Email Address: jadaan@uwplatt.edu; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  3: University of Wisconsin, Platteville, WI 53818 USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p244; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: FRACTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: material testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: silicon carbide (SiC); Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2007.912727
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halbig, Michael C.
AU  - McGuffin-Cawley, James D.
AU  - Eckel, Andrew J.
AU  - Brewer, David N.
T1  - Oxidation Kinetics and Stress Effects for the Oxidation of Continuous Carbon Fibers within a Microcracked C/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composite.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 91
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 519
EP  - 526
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (C/SiC) composites have the potential to be utilized in many high-temperature structural applications, particularly in aerospace. However, the susceptibility of the carbon fibers to oxidation has hindered the composite's use in long-term reusable applications. In order to identify the composites limitations, fundamental oxidation studies were conducted to determine the effects of such variables as temperature, environment, and stress. The systematic studies first looked at the oxidation of the plain, uncoated carbon fiber, then when fiber was utilized within a C/SiC composite, and finally when a stress was applied to the C/SiC composite (stressed oxidation). The first study, oxidation of just the carbon fibers, showed that the fiber oxidation kinetics occurs in two primary regimes: chemical reaction control and diffusion control. The second study, oxidation of the C/SiC composite, showed the self-protecting effects from the SiC matrix at elevated temperatures when the composite was not stressed. The final study, stressed oxidation of the C/SiC composite, more closely simulated application conditions in which the material is expected to encounter thermal and mechanical stresses. The applied load and temperature will affect the openings of the as-fabricated cracks, which are an unavoidable characteristic of C/SiC composites. The main objective of the paper was to determine the oxidation kinetic regimes for the oxidation of carbon fibers in a cracked silicon carbide matrix under stressed and unstressed conditions. The studies help to provide insights in to the protective approaches, that could be used to prevent oxidation of the fibers within the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CERAMIC minerals
KW  - CERAMIC engineering
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
N1  - Accession Number: 28793828; Halbig, Michael C. 1; Email Address: Michael.C.Halbig@grc.nasa.gov McGuffin-Cawley, James D. 2 Eckel, Andrew J. 3 Brewer, David N. 1; Affiliation:  1: US Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 91 Issue 2, p519; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CERAMIC minerals; Subject Term: CERAMIC engineering; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02170.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asthana, R.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Joining of partially sintered alumina to alumina, titanium, Hastealloy and C–SiC composite using Ag–Cu brazes
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 617
EP  - 631
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: The joining behavior of polycrystalline alumina sintered at different temperatures (1473–1773K) and times (0.5–4h) to itself and to Ti, Hastealloy and a CVI C–SiC composite using two Ag–Cu active metal brazes (Cusil–ABA and Ticusil) containing Ti has been evaluated. Partial densification and the resulting high porosity content of Al2O3 substrates sintered at low temperatures led to braze infiltration of Al2O3 pores in 20min contact but no penetration occurred in dense Al2O3 substrates sintered at high temperatures. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) examination of the joints showed that chemical reactions between Al2O3 and braze constituents formed a Ti-rich reaction layer at braze/Al2O3 interface regardless of the sintering conditions and degree of densification of the Al2O3. Some redistribution of the substrate and braze constituents across the joint interfaces was observed due to dissolution and interdiffusion. The Knoop microhardness of sintered alumina was consistent with the degree of Al2O3 densification achieved, and microhardness profiles across the joint regions displayed a minimum (∼70–160KHN) in the braze region and a maximum (1900–2012KHN) in the alumina region. The polished CVI C–SiC composites led to better quality Al2O3/C–SiC composite joints and greater segregation of Ti at the composite/braze interface than unpolished composite specimens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - SINTERING
KW  - Ag–Cu brazes
KW  - Al2O3
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Hardness
KW  - Infiltration
KW  - Joining
KW  - Porosity
KW  - Sintering
N1  - Accession Number: 27717644; Asthana, R. 1; Email Address: asthanar@uwstout.edu Singh, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p617; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: SINTERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ag–Cu brazes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al2O3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infiltration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sintering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2007.06.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=27717644&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Talbot, Helen M.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Cockell, Charles S.
AU  - Rohmer, Michel
AU  - Farrimond, Paul
T1  - Cyanobacterial bacteriohopanepolyol signatures from cultures and natural environmental settings
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 232
EP  - 263
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Abstract: Cyanobacteria are ubiquitous, ecologically important and phylogenetically diverse components of the phytoplankton of marine and freshwater environments, as well as some extreme settings such as hot springs, and highly saline and ice covered lakes. They have also been shown to be amongst the most prolific sources of bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs; pentacyclic triterpenoids produced by taxa within the bacterial domain and especially in the proteobacteria) and are considered to be the most environmentally significant source of C-2 methylated hopanoids. The compounds therefore have the potential for wide application in studies of the contemporary marine carbon cycle as well as providing a means of tracking cyanobacteria back through geological history where organic matter is well preserved. Here, we have used liquid chromatography ion-trap mass spectrometry to investigate the intact BHP distributions in cultured cyanobacteria (pure cultures and enrichment cultures) and in a variety of environmental settings. We present data on the detection and characterisation of BHP structures in 26 cultured cyanobacteria (ranging from marine and freshwater species to isolates from hydrothermal systems), 10 of which have not been tested for hopanoid production. Of the 58 strains of cyanobacteria studied to date, 49 have been shown to produce BHPs and 21 of them produce C-2 methylated BHPs. We show that, paradoxically, hopanoid production appears to be absent from the most prolific marine picocyanobacteria, although two important marine nitrogen fixing species, Trichodesmium and Crocosphaera, do produce BHPs. The diversity of BHP distributions in a range of environmental samples, including lake sediments, bacterial mats from lakes and hydrothermal springs, and samples from hot and cold deserts, including endoliths, hypoliths and small stromatolitic structures is also described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROKARYOTES
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - RADIOACTIVE pollution of water
KW  - MASS spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 29960193; Talbot, Helen M. 1; Email Address: h.m.talbot@ncl.ac.uk Summons, Roger E. 2 Jahnke, Linda L. 3 Cockell, Charles S. 4 Rohmer, Michel 5 Farrimond, Paul 1,6; Affiliation:  1: School of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, University of Newcastle, Drummond Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK  2: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary and Space Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue E34-246, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Science, CEPSAR, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK  5: Université Louis Pasteur/CNRS, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg, France  6: Integrated Geochemical Interpretation, Hallsannery, Bideford, Devon EX39 5HE, UK; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p232; Subject Term: PROKARYOTES; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE pollution of water; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2007.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Titus, Timothy N.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Prettyman, Thomas H.
T1  - Introduction to planetary and space science special issue: Mars polar processes
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 147
EP  - 149
SN  - 00320633
N1  - Accession Number: 28753055; Titus, Timothy N. 1; Email Address: ttitus@usgs.gov Colaprete, Anthony 2 Prettyman, Thomas H. 3; Affiliation:  1: USGS, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p147; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Barnes, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Montmessin, Franck
T1  - CO2 clouds, CAPE and convection on Mars: Observations and general circulation modeling
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 150
EP  - 180
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The thermal emission spectrometer (TES) and the radio science (RS) experiment flying on board the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft have made observations of atmospheric temperatures below the saturation temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2). This supersaturated air provides a source of convective available potential energy (CAPE), which, when realized may result in vigorous convective mixing. To this point, most Mars atmospheric models have assumed vertical mixing only when the dry adiabatic lapse rate is exceeded. Mixing associated with the formation of CO2 clouds could have a profound effect on the vertical structure of the polar night, altering the distribution of temperature, aerosols, and gasses. Presented in this work are estimates of the total planetary inventory of CAPE and the potential convective energy flux (PCEF) derived from RS and TES temperature profiles. A new Mars Global Circulation Model (MGCM) CO2 cloud model is developed to better understand the distribution of observed CAPE and its potential effect on Martian polar dynamics and heat exchange, as well as effects on the climate as a whole. The new CO2 cloud model takes into account the necessary cloud microphysics that allow for supersaturation to occur and includes a parameterization for CO2 cloud convection. It is found that when CO2 cloud convective mixing is included, model results are in much better agreement with the observations of the total integrated CAPE as well as total column non-condensable gas concentrations presented by Sprague et al. [2005a, GRS measurements of Ar in Mars’ atmosphere, American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #37, #24.08, and 2005b, Distribution and Abundance of Mars’ Atmospheric Argon, 36th Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, #2085] When the radiative effects of water ice clouds are included the agreement is further improved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Convection
KW  - GCM
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 28753056; Colaprete, Anthony 1; Email Address: tonyc@freeze.arc.nasa.gov Barnes, Jeffrey R. 2 Haberle, Robert M. 1 Montmessin, Franck 3; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Systems Branch, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA  3: Service d'Aeronomie, CNRS/IPSL, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris, France; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p150; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Forget, Francois
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Schaeffer, James
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Kelly, Nora J.
AU  - Chamberlain, Matthew A.
T1  - The effect of ground ice on the Martian seasonal CO2 cycle
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 255
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The mostly carbon dioxide (CO2) atmosphere of Mars condenses and sublimes in the polar regions, giving rise to the familiar waxing and waning of its polar caps. The signature of this seasonal CO2 cycle has been detected in surface pressure measurements from the Viking and Pathfinder landers. The amount of CO2 that condenses during fall and winter is controlled by the net polar energy loss, which is dominated by emitted infrared radiation from the cap itself. However, models of the CO2 cycle match the surface pressure data only if the emitted radiation is artificially suppressed suggesting that they are missing a heat source. Here we show that the missing heat source is the conducted energy coming from soil that contains water ice very close to the surface. The presence of ice significantly increases the thermal conductivity of the ground such that more of the solar energy absorbed at the surface during summer is conducted downward into the ground where it is stored and released back to the surface during fall and winter thereby retarding the CO2 condensation rate. The reduction in the condensation rate is very sensitive to the depth of the soil/ice interface, which our models suggest is about 8cm in the Northern Hemisphere and 11cm in the Southern Hemisphere. This is consistent with the detection of significant amounts of polar ground ice by the Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer and provides an independent means for assessing how close to the surface the ice must be. Our results also provide an accurate determination of the global annual mean size of the atmosphere and cap CO2 reservoirs, which are, respectively, 6.1 and 0.9hPa. They also indicate that general circulation models will need to account for the effect of ground ice in their simulations of the seasonal CO2 cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - CO2 cycle
KW  - Ground ice
KW  - Mars
KW  - Polar caps
N1  - Accession Number: 28753062; Haberle, Robert M. 1; Email Address: Robert.M.Haberle@nasa.gov Forget, Francois 2 Colaprete, Anthony 1 Schaeffer, James 3 Boynton, William V. 4 Kelly, Nora J. 4 Chamberlain, Matthew A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Paris 6 BP99, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France  3: QSSS/Raytheon Corp., Palo Alto, CA, USA  4: Deptartment of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p251; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar caps; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xueyong Li
AU  - Xiangfeng Wang
AU  - Kun He
AU  - Yeqin Ma
AU  - Ning Su
AU  - Hang He
AU  - Stoic, Viktor
AU  - Tongprasit, Waraporn
AU  - Weiwei Jin
AU  - Jiming Jiang
AU  - Terzaghi, William
AU  - Songgang Li
AU  - Xing Wang Deng
T1  - High-Resolution Mapping of Epigenetic Modifications of the Rice Genome Uncovers Interplay between DNA Methylation, Histone Methylation, and Gene Expression.
JO  - Plant Cell
JF  - Plant Cell
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 276
SN  - 10404651
AB  - We present high-resolution maps of DNA methylation and H3K4 di- and trimethylation of two entire chromosomes and two fully sequenced centromeres in rice (Oryza sativa) shoots and cultured cells. This analysis reveals combinatorial interactions between these epigenetic modifications and chromatin structure and gene expression. Cytologically densely stained heterochromatin had less H3K4me2 and H3K4me3 and more methylated DNA than the less densely stained euchromatin, whereas centromeres had a unique epigenetic composition. Most transposable elements had highly methylated DNA but no H3K4 methylation, whereas more than half of protein-coding genes had both methylated DNA and di- and/or trimethylated H3K4. Methylation of DNA but not H3K4 was correlated with suppressed transcription. By contrast, when both DNA and H3K4 were methylated, transcription was only slightly reduced. Transcriptional activity was positively correlated with the ratio of H3K4me3/H3K4me2: genes with predominantly H3K4me3 were actively transcribed, whereas genes with predominantly H3K4me2 were transcribed at moderate levels. More protein-coding genes contained all three modifications, and more transposons contained DNA methylation in shoots than cultured cells. Differential epigenetic modifications correlated to tissue-specific expression between shoots and cultured cells. Collectively, this study provides insights into the rice epigenomes and their effect on gene expression and plant development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant Cell is the property of American Society of Plant Physiologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANT gene mapping
KW  - RICE
KW  - GENETICS
KW  - METHYLATION
KW  - DNA
KW  - HISTONES
KW  - GENE expression
N1  - Accession Number: 31749075; Xueyong Li 1,2 Xiangfeng Wang 1,2,3 Kun He 2,3 Yeqin Ma 2 Ning Su 2 Hang He 1 Stoic, Viktor 4 Tongprasit, Waraporn 4 Weiwei Jin 5 Jiming Jiang 5 Terzaghi, William 2 Songgang Li 3 Xing Wang Deng 1,2,3; Email Address: xingwang.deng@yale.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China  2: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520  3: Peking-Yale Joint Research Center of Plant Molecular Genetics and Agrobiotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  4: Genome Research Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p259; Subject Term: PLANT gene mapping; Subject Term: RICE; Subject Term: GENETICS; Subject Term: METHYLATION; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: HISTONES; Subject Term: GENE expression; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Anderson-Cook, Christine
AU  - Robinson, Timothy J.
AU  - Li Liang
T1  - Robust split-plot designs.
JO  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
JF  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
Y1  - 2008/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 121
SN  - 07488017
AB  - In many experimental situations, practitioners are confronted with costly, time consuming, or hard-to-change (HTC) factors. These practical or economic restrictions on randomization can be accommodated with a split-plot design structure that minimizes the manipulation of the HTC factors. Selecting a good design is a challenging task and requires knowledge of the opportunities and restrictions imposed by the experimental apparatus and an evaluation of statistical performance among competing designs. Building on the well-established evaluation criteria for the completely randomized context, we emphasize the unique qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria for split-plot designs. An example from hypersonic propulsion research is used to demonstrate the consideration of multiple design evaluation criteria. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality & Reliability Engineering International is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - D-optimal
KW  - design evaluation
KW  - IV-optimal
KW  - restricted randomization
KW  - split-plot designs
N1  - Accession Number: 28802234; Parker, Peter A. 1; Email Address: peter.a.parker@nasa.gov Anderson-Cook, Christine 2 Robinson, Timothy J. 3 Li Liang 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, U.S.A.  3: University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, U.S.A.  4: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC 27705, U.S.A.; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p107; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: D-optimal; Author-Supplied Keyword: design evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: IV-optimal; Author-Supplied Keyword: restricted randomization; Author-Supplied Keyword: split-plot designs; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qre.886
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
T1  - Earthquake probabilities and pre-earthquake signals.
JO  - Current Science (00113891)
JF  - Current Science (00113891)
Y1  - 2008/02/10/
VL  - 94
IS  - 3
M3  - Letter
SP  - 311
EP  - 313
PB  - Indian Academy of Sciences
SN  - 00113891
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented about earthquake probabilities and pre-earthquake signals.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
N1  - Accession Number: 29995337; Freund, Friedemann T. 1; Email Address: friedemann.t.freund@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2/10/2008, Vol. 94 Issue 3, p311; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tao  Tong
AU  - Yang  Zhao
AU  - Lance  Delzeit
AU  - Ali  Kashani
AU  - M.  Meyyappan
AU  - Arun  Majumdar
T1  - Height Independent Compressive Modulus of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2008/02/13/
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 511
EP  - 515
SN  - 15306984
AB  - The compressive modulus of dense vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays synthesized by chemical vapor deposition was investigated using an optically probed precision-loading platform. For CNT arrays with heights ranging from 15 to 500 m, the moduli were measured to be about 0.25 MPa and were found to be independent of array height. A continuum mechanics model based on multimode buckling guided by the wavy features of CNT arrays is derived and explains well the measured compressive properties. The measured compressive modulus of the CNT arrays also satisfies the “Dahlquist tack criterion” for pressure sensitive adhesives, which was previously observed for these vertically aligned CNT arrays (Zhao, Y., et al. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B2006, 24, 331−335). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - CONTINUUM (Game)
KW  - CONTINUUM (Mathematics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 31844300; Tao  Tong 1 Yang  Zhao 1 Lance  Delzeit 1 Ali  Kashani 1 M.  Meyyappan 1 Arun  Majumdar 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California,Berkeley, California 94720, Atlas Scientific Inc., 1367 Camino Robles Way,San Jose, California 95120, Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center,Moffett Field, California 94035, and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence BerkeleyNational Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p511; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM (Game); Subject Term: CONTINUUM (Mathematics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M.  C. Strus
AU  - L.  Zalamea
AU  - A.  Raman
AU  - R.  B. Pipes
AU  - C.  V. Nguyen
AU  - E.  A. Stach
T1  - Peeling Force Spectroscopy:  Exposing the Adhesive Nanomechanics of One-Dimensional Nanostructures.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2008/02/13/
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 544
EP  - 550
SN  - 15306984
AB  - The physics of adhesion and stiction of one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanowires, and biopolymers on different material substrates is of great interest for the study of biological adhesion and the development of nanoelectronics and nanocomposites. Here, we combine theoretical models and a new mode in the atomic force microscope to investigate quantitatively the physics of nanomechanical peeling of carbon nanotubes and nanocoils on different substrates. We demonstrate that when an initially straight nanotube is peeled from a surface, small perturbations can trigger sudden transitions between different geometric configurations of the nanotube with vastly different interfacial energies. This opens up the possibility of quantitative comparison and control of adhesion between nanotubes or nanowires on different substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
N1  - Accession Number: 31844307; M.  C. Strus 1 L.  Zalamea 1 A.  Raman 1 R.  B. Pipes 1 C.  V. Nguyen 1 E.  A. Stach 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Mechanical Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center,School of Material Science and Engineering, Schools of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Chemical Engineering, and Material Science and Engineering, Purdue University,West Lafayette, Indiana, and ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center,Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p544; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barrie, R.L.
AU  - Gabb, T.P.
AU  - Telesman, J.
AU  - Kantzos, P.T.
AU  - Prescenzi, A.
AU  - Biles, T.
AU  - Bonacuse, P.J.
T1  - Effectiveness of shot peening in suppressing fatigue cracking at non-metallic inclusions in Udimet® 720
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2008/02/15/
VL  - 474
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 81
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: The fatigue lives of modern powder metallurgy disk alloys can be reduced over an order of magnitude by cracking at inherent non-metallic inclusions. The objective of this work was to study the effectiveness of shot peening in suppressing LCF crack initiation and growth at surface non-metallic inclusions. Inclusions were carefully introduced at elevated levels during powder metallurgy processing of the nickel-base disk superalloy Udimet® 720. Multiple strain-controlled fatigue tests were then performed on machined specimens with and without shot peened test sections at 427 and 650°C. The low cycle fatigue lives and failure initiation sites varied as functions of inclusion content, shot peening, and fatigue conditions. A large majority of the failures in as-machined specimens with the introduced inclusions occurred at cracks initiating from inclusions intersecting the specimen surface. These inclusions reduced fatigue life by up to 100×, when compared to lives of material without inclusions residing at specimen surface. Large inclusions produced the greatest reductions in life for tests at low strain ranges and high strain ratios. Shot peening improved life in many cases by reducing the most severe effects of inclusions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLURGY
KW  - METALS -- Finishing
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - SMELTING
KW  - Disk
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Inclusions
KW  - Shot peening
KW  - Superalloy
N1  - Accession Number: 28404192; Barrie, R.L. 1 Gabb, T.P. 2; Email Address: timothy.p.gabb@nasa.gov Telesman, J. 2 Kantzos, P.T. 3 Prescenzi, A. 4 Biles, T. 5 Bonacuse, P.J. 6; Affiliation:  1: US Army Aviation and Missile Command, Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898-5000, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, United States  3: Honeywell Engine Systems, PO Box 29003, Phoenix, AZ 85038-9003, United States  4: Ohio State University, 2041 College Road. Columbus, OH 43210, United States  5: Alcoa Wheel and Forged Products, 1600 Harvard Ave., Cleveland, OH 44105, United States  6: Army Research Laboratory, NASA GRC, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, United States; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 474 Issue 1/2, p71; Subject Term: METALLURGY; Subject Term: METALS -- Finishing; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: SMELTING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inclusions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shot peening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331492 Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Ghosn, L.J.
T1  - Failure maps for rectangular 17-4PH stainless steel sandwiched foam panels
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2008/02/15/
VL  - 474
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 88
EP  - 95
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: A new and innovative concept is proposed for designing lightweight fan blades for aircraft engines using commercially available 17-4PH precipitation hardened stainless steel. Rotating fan blades in aircraft engines experience a complex loading state consisting of combinations of centrifugal, distributed pressure and torsional loads. Theoretical failure plastic collapse maps, showing plots of the foam relative density versus face sheet thickness, t, normalized by the fan blade span length, L, have been generated for rectangular 17-4PH sandwiched foam panels under these three loading modes assuming three failure plastic collapse modes. These maps show that the 17-4PH sandwiched foam panels can fail by either the yielding of the face sheets, yielding of the foam core or wrinkling of the face sheets depending on foam relative density, the magnitude of t/L and the loading mode. The design envelop of a generic fan blade is superimposed on the maps to provide valuable insights on the probable failure modes in a sandwiched foam fan blade. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOAM
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - STEEL alloys
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - 17-4PH
KW  - Design
KW  - Metallic foams
KW  - Sandwiched foam panel
KW  - Stainless steel
KW  - Theoretical failure maps
N1  - Accession Number: 28404194; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Ghosn, L.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: MS 106-5, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 474 Issue 1/2, p88; Subject Term: FOAM; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: STEEL alloys; Subject Term: DENSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: 17-4PH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metallic foams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwiched foam panel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stainless steel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Theoretical failure maps; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yilmaz, M. Tugrul
AU  - Hunt, E. Raymond
AU  - Goins, Lyssa D.
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
AU  - Vanderbilt, Vern C.
AU  - Jackson, Thomas J.
T1  - Vegetation water content during SMEX04 from ground data and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/02/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 350
EP  - 362
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Vegetation water content is an important parameter for retrieval of soil moisture from microwave data and for other remote sensing applications. Because liquid water absorbs in the shortwave infrared, the normalized difference infrared index (NDII), calculated from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper band 4 (0.76–0.90 μm wavelength) and band 5 (1.55–1.65 μm wavelength), can be used to determine canopy equivalent water thickness (EWT), which is defined as the water volume per leaf area times the leaf area index (LAI). Alternatively, average canopy EWT can be determined using a landcover classification, because different vegetation types have different average LAI at the peak of the growing season. The primary contribution of this study for the Soil Moisture Experiment 2004 was to sample vegetation for the Arizona and Sonora study areas. Vegetation was sampled to achieve a range of canopy EWT; LAI was measured using a plant canopy analyzer and digital hemispherical (fisheye) photographs. NDII was linearly related to measured canopy EWT with an R 2 of 0.601. Landcover of the Arizona, USA, and Sonora, Mexico, study areas were classified with an overall accuracy of 70% using a rule-based decision tree using three dates of Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery and digital elevation data. There was a large range of NDII per landcover class at the peak of the growing season, indicating that canopy EWT should be estimated directly using NDII or other shortwave-infrared vegetation indices. However, landcover classifications will still be necessary to obtain total vegetation water content from canopy EWT and other data, because considerable liquid water is contained in the non-foliar components of vegetation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - PLANT canopies
KW  - DECISION trees
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - SOIL physics
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - ARIZONA
KW  - SONORA (Mexico : State)
KW  - MEXICO
KW  - Decision tree classification
KW  - Equivalent water thickness
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Normalized difference infrared index
KW  - Soil Moisture Experiment 2004
N1  - Accession Number: 28396771; Yilmaz, M. Tugrul 1 Hunt, E. Raymond 1; Email Address: Raymond.Hunt@ars.usda.gov Goins, Lyssa D. 2 Ustin, Susan L. 3 Vanderbilt, Vern C. 4 Jackson, Thomas J. 1; Affiliation:  1: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville MD, USA  2: Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ, USA  3: Department of Land Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis CA, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p350; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: PLANT canopies; Subject Term: DECISION trees; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: SOIL physics; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: ARIZONA; Subject Term: SONORA (Mexico : State); Subject Term: MEXICO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision tree classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent water thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Normalized difference infrared index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil Moisture Experiment 2004; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.03.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
AU  - Riaño, David
AU  - Vanderbilt, Vern C.
T1  - Water content estimation from hyperspectral images and MODIS indexes in Southeastern Arizona
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/02/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
EP  - 374
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Hyperspectral water retrievals from AVIRIS data, equivalent water thickness (EWT), were compared to in situ leaf water content and LAI measurements at a semiarid site in southeastern Arizona. Retrievals of EWT showed good correlation with field canopy water content measurements. Statistical analysis suggested that EWT was significantly different among seven community types, from savanna to agriculture. Four band–ratio indexes (NDVI, EVI, NDWI, and NDII) were derived from MODIS showing strong spatial agreement between maps of AVIRIS EWT and MODIS indexes, and good statistical agreement for the range of habitats at the site. Temporal patterns of these four indexes in all vegetation communities except creosote bush and agriculture showed distinct seasonal patterns that responded to the timing and amount of precipitation. Moreover, these time series captured different ecological responses among the different vegetation communities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CREOSOTE bush
KW  - AIRBORNE Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - AGRICULTURE
KW  - ARIZONA
KW  - AVIRIS
KW  - Equivalent water thickness
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Vegetation index
KW  - Water content
N1  - Accession Number: 28396772; Cheng, Yen-Ben 1; Email Address: ybcheng@cstars.ucdavis.edu Ustin, Susan L. 1 Riaño, David 1,2 Vanderbilt, Vern C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing (CSTARS), Department of Land, Air, and Water Resources (LAWR), University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA  2: Departamento de Geografía, Universidad de Alcalá. Colegios 2., E-28801 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p363; Subject Term: CREOSOTE bush; Subject Term: AIRBORNE Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Subject Term: ARIZONA; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVIRIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent water thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water content; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.01.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cockell, Charles S.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kim
AU  - Horneck, Gerda
T1  - Ultraviolet radiation-induced limitation to epilithic microbial growth in arid deserts – Dosimetric experiments in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert
JO  - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology
JF  - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology
Y1  - 2008/02/27/
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 87
SN  - 10111344
AB  - Abstract: Experiments were conducted during November 2003 in the dry core of the Atacama Desert, Yungay, Chile to test the hypothesis that UV radiation, in environments where liquid water is not available, and thus enzymatic repair of UV-induced damage is inhibited, can prevent epilithic colonization. Novel dosimeters made from the cryptoendolithic, desiccation and radiation-resistant cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis sp. isolated from the dry Negev desert, Israel, showed that monolayers of this organism were killed within one day. The diurnal profile of microbial loss of viability was investigated with dosimeters of Bacillus subtilis, which similarly showed cell death within one day. Soil grains obtained from south of Yungay where liquid water is more abundant and transported to the hyperarid core showed killing of indigenous vegetative organisms within one day. Gypsum and mineral grain coverings of 1mm were sufficient to prevent measurable UV-induced damage of Chroococcidiopsis and B. subtilis after 8d exposure. These results show that under extreme desiccation and an ambient UV flux the surface of rocks can potentially be rendered sterile, but that millimetre thick mineral coverings can protect organisms from UV-induced killing, consistent with the observed patterns of lithophytic colonization in the Atacama Desert. These data further show that UV radiation can be an important limiting factor in surface biological rock weathering in arid regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HYPOTHESIS
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - COLONIZATION
KW  - Atacama
KW  - Chroococcidiopsis
KW  - Desiccation
KW  - Dosimetry
KW  - Weathering
N1  - Accession Number: 29960114; Cockell, Charles S. 1; Email Address: c.s.cockell@open.ac.uk McKay, Christopher P. 2 Warren-Rhodes, Kim 2 Horneck, Gerda 3; Affiliation:  1: PSSRI, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Institute of Aerospace Medicine, DLR, 51170 Cologne, Germany; Source Info: Feb2008, Vol. 90 Issue 2, p79; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HYPOTHESIS; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: COLONIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chroococcidiopsis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desiccation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dosimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weathering; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2007.11.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29960114&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Williams, Phillip
AU  - Simpson, John
T1  - ANALYSIS OF EDDY CURRENT CAPABILITIES FOR THE DETECTION OF OUTER DIAMETER CRACKING IN SMALL BORE METALLIC STRUCTURES.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/02/28/
VL  - 975
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 384
EP  - 391
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The use of eddy current techniques for the detection of outer diameter damage in tubing and many complex aerospace structures often requires the use of an inner diameter probe due to a lack of access to the outside of the part. In small bore structures the probe size and orientation are constrained by the inner diameter of the part, complicating the optimization of the inspection technique. Detection of flaws through a significant remaining wall thickness becomes limited not only by the standard depth of penetration, but also geometrical aspects of the probe. Recently, an orthogonal eddy current probe was developed for detection of such flaws in space shuttle primary reaction control system (PRCS) thrusters. In this case, the detection of deeply buried intergranular cracking by an inner diameter eddy current probe was sought. Probe optimization was performed based upon the limiting spatial dimensions, flaw orientation, and required detection sensitivity. Analysis of the probe/flaw interaction was performed through the use of finite element modeling techniques. Experimental data for the flaw detection capabilities, including a probability of detection study, will be presented along with the simulation data. The results of this work have led to the successful deployment of an inspection system for the detection of intergranular cracking in PRCS thrusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DIMENSIONS
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - Eddy Current
KW  - ID Probe
KW  - Reaction Control System Thrusters
KW  - Space Shuttle
N1  - Accession Number: 31223487; Wincheski, Buzz 1 Williams, Phillip 1 Simpson, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2/28/2008, Vol. 975 Issue 1, p384; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DIMENSIONS; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy Current; Author-Supplied Keyword: ID Probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction Control System Thrusters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2902684
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31223487&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
AU  - Anastasi, Robert F.
AU  - Smith, Stephen W.
AU  - Seebo, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Walker, James L.
AU  - Lomness, Janice K.
AU  - Hintze, Paul E.
AU  - Kammerer, Catherine C.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Russell, Richard W.
T1  - APPLICATION OF TERAHERTZ RADIATION TO THE DETECTION OF CORROSION UNDER THE SHUTTLE'S THERMAL PROTECTION SYSTEM.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/02/28/
VL  - 975
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 428
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - There is currently no method for detecting corrosion under Shuttle tiles except for the expensive process of tile removal and replacement; hence NASA is investigating new NDE methods for detecting hidden corrosion. Time domain terahertz radiation has been applied to corrosion detection under tiles in samples ranging from small lab samples to a Shuttle with positive results. Terahertz imaging methods have been able to detect corrosion at thicknesses of 5 mils or greater under 1” thick Shuttle tiles and 7-12 mils or greater under 2” thick Shuttle tiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERAHERTZ spectroscopy
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - METALS -- Corrosion fatigue
KW  - THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat)
KW  - Hidden Corrosion Detection
KW  - NDE of Thermal Protection Systems
KW  - Terahertz Imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 31223480; Madaras, Eric I. 1 Anastasi, Robert F. 2 Smith, Stephen W. 3 Seebo, Jeffrey P. 4 Walker, James L. 5 Lomness, Janice K. 6 Hintze, Paul E. 6 Kammerer, Catherine C. 7 Winfree, William P. 1 Russell, Richard W. 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, Hampton, VA 23681  2: U. S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, AMSRD-ARL-VT-SM, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Metals & Thermal Structures Branch, Hampton, VA 23681  4: Lockheed Martin, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  5: NASA Marshall Flight Center, Damage Tolerance Assessment Branch, EM20 Huntsville, AL, 35801  6: NASA Kennedy Space Center, Corrosion Technology Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, FL, 32899  7: United Space Alliance, Materials and Processing, Cape Canaveral, FL, 32920  8: NASA Orbiter Project Office, MV7, Kennedy Space Center, FL, 32899; Source Info: 2/28/2008, Vol. 975 Issue 1, p421; Subject Term: TERAHERTZ spectroscopy; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: METALS -- Corrosion fatigue; Subject Term: THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hidden Corrosion Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDE of Thermal Protection Systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz Imaging; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2902691
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31223480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Seebo, J. P.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - SIMULTANEOUS NON-CONTACT PRECISION IMAGING OF MICROSTRUCTUAL AND THICKNESS VARIATION IN DIELECTRIC MATERIALS USING TERAHERTZ ENERGY.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/02/28/
VL  - 975
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
EP  - 436
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This article describes a non-contact single-sided terahertz electromagnetic measurement and imaging method that simultaneously characterizes microstructural (e.g. spatially-lateral density) and thickness variation in dielectric (insulating) materials. The method was demonstrated for Space Shuttle External Tank sprayed-on foam insulation. It is believed that this method can be used for applications where microstructural and/or thickness variation in dielectric materials require precision mapping. Scale-up to more complex shapes such as cylindrical structures and structures with beveled regions would appear to be feasible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - TERAHERTZ spectroscopy
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - Density
KW  - External Tank
KW  - Space Shuttle
KW  - Sprayed-on Foam Insulation
KW  - Terahertz
KW  - Thermal Protection System
KW  - Thickness
KW  - Velocity
N1  - Accession Number: 31223479; Roth, D. J. 1 Seebo, J. P. 2 Winfree, William P. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, 13800 Old Gentilly Road, New Orleans, LA 70129-2218  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2/28/2008, Vol. 975 Issue 1, p429; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: TERAHERTZ spectroscopy; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Density; Author-Supplied Keyword: External Tank; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sprayed-on Foam Insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal Protection System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Velocity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2902692
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31223479&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
AU  - Anastasi, Robert F.
AU  - Seebo, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Studor, George
AU  - McMakin, Douglas L.
AU  - Nellums, Robert
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - THE POTENTIAL FOR IMAGING IN SITU DAMAGE IN INFLATABLE SPACE STRUCTURES.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/02/28/
VL  - 975
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 444
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - NASA is investigating the use of inflatable habitat structures for orbital transfer and planetary applications. Since space structures are vulnerable to damage from micrometeoroid and orbital debris, it is important to investigate means of detecting such damage. This study is an investigation into methods for performing non-destructive evaluation (NDE) on inflatable habitat modules. Results of this work showed that various electromagnetic imaging modalities from microwaves to terahertz imaging have the greatest potential for a viable, portable, NDE tool which could possibly be deployed aboard an inflatable habitat module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPANDABLE space structures
KW  - ORBITAL transfer (Space flight)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - Inflatable Space Structures
KW  - Microwave Imaging
KW  - Millimeter Wave Imaging
KW  - Space NDE
KW  - Terahertz Imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 31223478; Madaras, Eric I. 1 Anastasi, Robert F. 2 Seebo, Jeffrey P. 3 Studor, George 4 McMakin, Douglas L. 5 Nellums, Robert 6 Winfree, William P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, MS 231  2: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, AMSRD-ARL-VT-SM, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681  3: Lockheed Martin, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Structures Branch, ES2, Houston, TX  5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Applied Physics, P.O. Box 999 MSIN:K2-31, Richland, WA, 99354  6: Sandia National Laboratory, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, N.M. 87185; Source Info: 2/28/2008, Vol. 975 Issue 1, p437; Subject Term: EXPANDABLE space structures; Subject Term: ORBITAL transfer (Space flight); Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inflatable Space Structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave Imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Millimeter Wave Imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space NDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terahertz Imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2902693
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31223478&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zalameda, J. N.
AU  - Winfree, W. P.
AU  - Yost, W. T.
T1  - AIR COUPLED ACOUSTIC THERMOGRAPHY (ACAT) INSPECTION TECHNIQUE.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/02/28/
VL  - 975
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 474
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The scope of this effort is to determine the viability of a new heating technique using a noncontact acoustic excitation source. Because of low coupling between air and the structure, a synchronous detection method is employed. Any reduction in the out of plane stiffness improves the acoustic coupling efficiency and as a result, defective areas have an increase in temperature relative to the surrounding area. Hence a new measurement system, based on air-coupled acoustic energy and synchronous detection is presented. An analytical model of a clamped circular plate is given, experimentally tested, and verified. Repeatability confirms the technique with a measurement uncertainty of +/-6.2 percent. The range of frequencies used was 800–2,000 Hertz. Acoustic excitation and consequent thermal detection of flaws in a helicopter blade is examined and results indicate that air coupled acoustic excitation enables the detection of core damage in sandwich honeycomb structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - ACOUSTIC excitation
KW  - HONEYCOMB structures
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - HEATING
KW  - Air Coupled Acoustic Thermography (ACAT)
KW  - Sonic Thermography
KW  - Thermography
N1  - Accession Number: 31223474; Zalameda, J. N. 1 Winfree, W. P. 2 Yost, W. T. 2; Affiliation:  1: US Army Research Laboratory, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681  2: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2/28/2008, Vol. 975 Issue 1, p467; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC excitation; Subject Term: HONEYCOMB structures; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: HEATING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air Coupled Acoustic Thermography (ACAT); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sonic Thermography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2902697
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31223474&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Generazio, E. R.
T1  - DIRECTED DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS FOR VALIDATING PROBABILITY OF DETECTION CAPABILITY OF NDE SYSTEMS (DOEPOD).
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/02/28/
VL  - 975
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1693
EP  - 1700
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The capability of an inspection system is established by applications of various methodologies to determine the probability of detection (POD). One accepted metric of an adequate inspection system is that there is 95% confidence that the POD is greater than 90% (90/95 POD). Directed design of experiments for probability of detection (DOEPOD) has been developed to provide an efficient and accurate methodology that yields observed POD and confidence bounds for both Hit-Miss or signal amplitude testing. Specifically, DOEPOD demands utilization of observance of occurrences. Directed DOEPOD does not assume prescribed POD logarithmic or similar functions with assumed adequacy over a wide range of flaw sizes and inspection system technologies, so that multi-parameter curve fitting or model optimization approaches to generate a POD curve are not required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - TESTING
KW  - MATERIALS -- Deterioration
KW  - ENGINEERING inspection -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - FIX-point estimation
KW  - NDE
KW  - NDI
KW  - NDT
KW  - Nondestructive
KW  - POD
KW  - Probability of Detection
N1  - Accession Number: 31223531; Generazio, E. R. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2/28/2008, Vol. 975 Issue 1, p1693; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Deterioration; Subject Term: ENGINEERING inspection -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: FIX-point estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDI; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nondestructive; Author-Supplied Keyword: POD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability of Detection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2902640
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31223531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
T1  - Liquid Space Lubricants Examined by Vibrational Microspectroscopy.
JO  - Analytical Letters
JF  - Analytical Letters
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 351
EP  - 376
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00032719
AB  - Considerable effort has been expended to develop liquid lubricants for satellites and space exploration vehicles. These lubricants must often perform under a range of harsh conditions such as vacuum, radiation, and temperature extremes while in orbit or in transit and in extremely dusty environments at destinations such as the moon and Mars. Historically, oil development was guided by terrestrial application, which did not provide sufficient space lubricants. Novel fluids such as perfluorinated polyethers provided some relief but are far from ideal. With each new fluid proposed to solve one problem, other problems have arisen. Much of the work performed at National Aeronautics and Space Adminstration's (NASA) Glenn Research Center, in elucidating mechanisms by which chemical degradation of space oils occur, has been done by infrared and Raman microspectroscopy, which this review details. Fundamental lubrication studies are presented as well as actual case studies, in which vibrational spectroscopy led to millions of dollars in savings and potentially prevented loss of mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Analytical Letters is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUBRICATION & lubricants
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - FTIR
KW  - Raman
KW  - space lubricants
KW  - tribology
KW  - Vibrational spectoscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 29377383; Street, Kenneth W. 1; Email Address: kenneth.w.street@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Tribology and Surface Science Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH.; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p351; Subject Term: LUBRICATION & lubricants; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman; Author-Supplied Keyword: space lubricants; Author-Supplied Keyword: tribology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrational spectoscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00032710701872836
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29377383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gu, Lianhong
AU  - Hanson, Paul J.
AU  - Mac Post, W.
AU  - Kaiser, Dale P.
AU  - Yang, Bai
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Pallardy, Stephen G.
AU  - Meyers, Tilden
T1  - The 2007 Eastern US Spring Freeze: Increased Cold Damage in a Warming World?
JO  - BioScience
JF  - BioScience
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 253
EP  - 262
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00063568
AB  - Plant ecologists have long been concerned with a seemingly paradoxical scenario in the relationship between plant growth and climate change: warming may actually increase the risk of plant frost damage. The underlying hypothesis is that mild winters and warm, early springs, which are expected to occur as the climate warms, may induce premature plant development, resulting in exposure of vulnerable plant tissues and organs to subsequent late-season frosts. The 2007 spring freeze in the eastern United States provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate this hypothesis and assess its large-scale consequences. In this article, we contrast the rapid prefreeze phenological advancement caused by unusually warm conditions with the dramatic postfreeze setback, and report complicated patterns of freeze damage to plants. The widespread devastation of crops and natural vegetation occasioned by this event demonstrates the need to consider large fluctuations in spring temperatures a real threat to terrestrial ecosystem structure and functioning in a warming climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BioScience is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - PLANT development
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - climate warming
KW  - extreme temperature fluctuation
KW  - frost damage
KW  - plant phenology
N1  - Accession Number: 31417503; Gu, Lianhong 1; Email Address: lianhong-gu@ornl.gov Hanson, Paul J. 1 Mac Post, W. 1 Kaiser, Dale P. 1 Yang, Bai 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna 2 Pallardy, Stephen G. 3 Meyers, Tilden 4; Affiliation:  1: Environmental Sciences Division of Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee  2: Ecosystem Science and Technology at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California  3: Department of Forestry, University of Missouri in Columbia  4: Air Resources Laboratory, Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division,  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oak Ridge, Tennessee; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p253; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: PLANT development; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: extreme temperature fluctuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: frost damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant phenology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5972
L3  - 10.1641/BS80311
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31417503&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Heer, Martina
AU  - Lee, Stuart M.C.
AU  - Baecker, Natalie
AU  - Meuche, Sabine
AU  - Macias, Brandon R.
AU  - Shackelford, Linda C.
AU  - Schneider, Suzanne
AU  - Hargens, Alan R.
T1  - WISE-2005: Supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure and flywheel resistive exercise as a countermeasure to bed rest-induced bone loss in women during 60-day simulated microgravity
JO  - BONE
JF  - BONE
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 572
EP  - 581
SN  - 87563282
AB  - Abstract: Bone loss associated with disuse during bed rest (BR), an analog of space flight, can be attenuated by exercise. In previous studies, the efficacy of either aerobic or resistive exercise countermeasures has been examined separately. We hypothesized that a regimen of combined resistive and aerobic exercise during BR would prevent bone resorption and promote bone formation. After a 20-day ambulatory adaptation to controlled confinement and diet, 16 women participated in a 60-day, 6° head-down-tilt BR and were assigned randomly to one of the two groups. Control subjects (CON, n =8) performed no countermeasure. Exercise subjects (EX, n =8) participated in an exercise program during BR, alternating between supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure (3–4 d wk−1) and flywheel resistive exercise (2–3 d wk−1). By the last week of BR, excretion of helical peptide (CON, 79%±44 increase; EX, 64%±50, mean±SD) and N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide (CON, 51%±34; EX, 43%±56), markers of bone resorption, were greater than they were before BR in both groups (P <0.05). However, serum concentrations of the bone formation marker procollagen type I N propeptide were greater in EX than CON throughout and after bed rest (P <0.05), while concentrations of the bone formation marker bone alkaline phosphatase tended to be greater in EX than CON. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry results indicated that the exercise treatment significantly (P <0.05) attenuated loss of hip and leg bone mineral density in EX compared to CON. The combination of resistive and aerobic exercise did not prevent bone resorption but did promote bone formation, and helped mitigate the net bone loss associated with simulated microgravity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of BONE is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TREADMILL exercise
KW  - ISOMETRIC exercise
KW  - BONES -- Diseases
KW  - WOMEN -- Physiology
KW  - EXERCISE for women
KW  - alkaline phosphatase ( ALP )
KW  - analysis of variance ( ANOVA )
KW  - Bed rest
KW  - bed rest ( BR )
KW  - body weight ( BW )
KW  - bone mineral density ( BMD )
KW  - Bone turnover markers
KW  - C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen ( CTX )
KW  - Canadian Space Agency ( CSA )
KW  - Centre National d'Études Spatiales ( CNES )
KW  - control ( CON )
KW  - dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DEXA )
KW  - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA )
KW  - European Space Agency ( ESA )
KW  - Exercise
KW  - exercise ( EX )
KW  - French Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology ( MEDES )
KW  - lower body negative pressure ( LBNP )
KW  - N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen ( NTX )
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA )
KW  - parathyroid hormone ( PTH )
KW  - procollagen type I N propeptide ( PINP )
KW  - radioimmunoassay ( RIA )
KW  - resting metabolic rate ( RMR )
KW  - Simulated weightlessness
KW  - Space flight
KW  - University of California, San Diego ( UCSD )
N1  - Accession Number: 30019372; Smith, Scott M. 1; Email Address: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov Zwart, Sara R. 2 Heer, Martina 3 Lee, Stuart M.C. 4 Baecker, Natalie 3 Meuche, Sabine 5,6 Macias, Brandon R. 5 Shackelford, Linda C. 1 Schneider, Suzanne 7 Hargens, Alan R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: DLR (German Aerospace Center)-Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Hoehe, Cologne, Germany  4: Wyle, Houston, TX 77058, USA  5: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, UCSD Medical Center, San Diego, CA 92103, USA  6: Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin - Center for Space Medicine, Berlin, Germany  7: University of New Mexico, Department of Physical Performance and Development, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p572; Subject Term: TREADMILL exercise; Subject Term: ISOMETRIC exercise; Subject Term: BONES -- Diseases; Subject Term: WOMEN -- Physiology; Subject Term: EXERCISE for women; Author-Supplied Keyword: alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: analysis of variance ( ANOVA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bed rest; Author-Supplied Keyword: bed rest ( BR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: body weight ( BW ); Author-Supplied Keyword: bone mineral density ( BMD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone turnover markers; Author-Supplied Keyword: C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen ( CTX ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Canadian Space Agency ( CSA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Centre National d'Études Spatiales ( CNES ); Author-Supplied Keyword: control ( CON ); Author-Supplied Keyword: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DEXA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: European Space Agency ( ESA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exercise; Author-Supplied Keyword: exercise ( EX ); Author-Supplied Keyword: French Institute for Space Medicine and Physiology ( MEDES ); Author-Supplied Keyword: lower body negative pressure ( LBNP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: N-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen ( NTX ); Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: parathyroid hormone ( PTH ); Author-Supplied Keyword: procollagen type I N propeptide ( PINP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: radioimmunoassay ( RIA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: resting metabolic rate ( RMR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulated weightlessness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: University of California, San Diego ( UCSD ); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bone.2007.11.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Welch, Robert. B.
AU  - Sampanes, Anthony. C.
T1  - Adapting to virtual environments: Visual-motor skill acquisition versus perceptual recalibration
JO  - Displays
JF  - Displays
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 152
EP  - 158
SN  - 01419382
AB  - Abstract: Virtual environment (VE) technology exposes users to a variety of intersensory and sensory-motor discordances to which they must adapt for optimal performance. Our research has distinguished two types of adaptation: Visual-motor skill acquisition and perceptual recalibration. The first involves learning a new way to coordinate hand and eye, while the second is an automatic, restricted process of perceptual learning. We conclude that an understanding of the controlling conditions and defining characteristics of these two adaptive mechanisms allows one to predict which is the more likely to occur with a given VE and how best to train its users. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Displays is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY of learning
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - EDUCATION
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Intersensory conflicts
KW  - Sensory-motor conflicts
KW  - Virtual environments
N1  - Accession Number: 28074364; Welch, Robert. B. 1; Email Address: Robert.B.Welch@nasa.gov Sampanes, Anthony. C. 2; Email Address: acsampanes@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: University of California, Santa Cruz Department of Psychology, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p152; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY of learning; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: EDUCATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intersensory conflicts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensory-motor conflicts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual environments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.displa.2007.09.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28074364&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cassady, R. Joseph
AU  - Frisbee, Robert H.
AU  - Gilland, James H.
AU  - Houts, Michael G.
AU  - LaPointe, Michael R.
AU  - Maresse-Reading, Colleen M.
AU  - Oleson, Steven R.
AU  - Polk, James E.
AU  - Russell, Derrek
AU  - Sengupta, Anita
T1  - Recent advances in nuclear powered electric propulsion for space exploration
JO  - Energy Conversion & Management
JF  - Energy Conversion & Management
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 412
EP  - 435
SN  - 01968904
AB  - Abstract: Nuclear and radioisotope powered electric thrusters are being developed as primary in space propulsion systems for potential future robotic and piloted space missions. Possible applications for high-power nuclear electric propulsion include orbit raising and maneuvering of large space platforms, lunar and Mars cargo transport, asteroid rendezvous and sample return, and robotic and piloted planetary missions, while lower power radioisotope electric propulsion could significantly enhance or enable some future robotic deep space science missions. This paper provides an overview of recent US high-power electric thruster research programs, describing the operating principles, challenges, and status of each technology. Mission analysis is presented that compares the benefits and performance of each thruster type for high priority NASA missions. The status of space nuclear power systems for high-power electric propulsion is presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of power and thruster development strategies for future radioisotope electric propulsion systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Energy Conversion & Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Electric propulsion
KW  - Electromagnetic
KW  - Electrostatic
KW  - Nuclear
KW  - Plasma
KW  - Space propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 28768365; Cassady, R. Joseph 1 Frisbee, Robert H. 2 Gilland, James H. 3 Houts, Michael G. 4 LaPointe, Michael R. 4; Email Address: michael.r.lapointe@nasa.gov Maresse-Reading, Colleen M. 2 Oleson, Steven R. 5 Polk, James E. 2 Russell, Derrek 6 Sengupta, Anita 2; Affiliation:  1: Aerojet Corp., Redmond, CA, United States  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, United States  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, United States  4: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, United States  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  6: Northrop Grumman Space Technology, Redondo Beach, CA, United States; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p412; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.10.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28768365&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silk, Eric A.
AU  - Golliher, Eric L.
AU  - Paneer Selvam, R.
T1  - Spray cooling heat transfer: Technology overview and assessment of future challenges for micro-gravity application
JO  - Energy Conversion & Management
JF  - Energy Conversion & Management
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 453
EP  - 468
SN  - 01968904
AB  - Abstract: Advanced on-board flight systems for future NASA space exploration programs consist of components such as laser-diode arrays (LDA’s) and multi-chip modules (MCM’s). Thermal management of these systems require high heat flux cooling capability (⩾100W/cm2), tight temperature control (approx. ±2°C), reliable start-up (on demand) and long term stability. Traditional multiphase thermal control technologies for space flight (e.g., loop heat pipes, capillary pumped loops, etc.) satisfy the temperature control, start-up and stability requirements, but their heat flux removal capabilities are limited. Spray cooling can provide high heat fluxes in excess of 100W/cm2 using fluorinerts and over 1000W/cm2 with water while allowing tight temperature control at low coolant fluid flow rates. Spray cooling has been flight proven in an open loop configuration through the Space shuttle’s flash evaporator system (FES). However, several closed system issues require investigation to further advance the technology to a technology readiness level (TRL) appropriate for closed system space flight application. This paper provides a discussion of the current status of spray cooling technology as well as NASA’s goals, current direction, and challenges associated with the implementation and practice of this technology in the micro-gravity environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Energy Conversion & Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVAPORATORS
KW  - COOLING
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Micro-gravity
KW  - Spray cooling
KW  - Technology development
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 28768367; Silk, Eric A. 1; Email Address: Eric.A.Silk@nasa.gov Golliher, Eric L. 2 Paneer Selvam, R. 3; Email Address: rps@uark.edu; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Engineering Technology Development Group, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Power Electronics Leveling Solutions LLC and Computational Mechanics Laboratory, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p453; Subject Term: EVAPORATORS; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micro-gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spray cooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technology development; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.enconman.2007.07.046
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28768367&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fleming, Erich D.
AU  - Castenholz, Richard W.
T1  - Effects of nitrogen source on the synthesis of the UV-screening compound, scytonemin, in the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 63
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 308
SN  - 01686496
AB  - The effects of nitrogen source (N2, NO3− and NH4+) on scytonemin synthesis were investigated in the heterocystous cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102. With the required UVA radiation included, Nostoc synthesized three to seven times more scytonemin while fixing nitrogen than when utilizing nitrate or ammonium. A similar increase in scytonemin synthesis occurred when nitrate or ammonium became depleted by growth and Nostoc switched to diazotrophic metabolism with the differentiation of heterocysts. In addition, UVA-exposed cultures grown in medium with both NO3− and NH4+ synthesized some scytonemin but synthesis increased when NH4+ was depleted and growth had become dependent on NO3− reduction. Although the mechanism is unclear, these results suggest that the greater the restriction in nitrogen accessibility, the greater the production of scytonemin. Perhaps the entire response may be an interaction between this restriction and a resultant sensitivity to UV radiation that acts as a cue for determining the level of scytonemin synthesis. Scytonemin is a stable UVR screening compound and appears to be synthesized by cyanobacteria as a long-term solution for reducing UVR exposure and damage, but mainly or solely, when metabolic activity is absent. It is likely that during metabolic resurgence, the presence of a dense scytonemin sheath would facilitate the recovery process without the need for active defenses against UV radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - NOSTOC commune
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - AMMONIUM
KW  - METABOLISM
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - nitrogen fixation
KW  - nitrogen source
KW  - Nostoc punctiforme
KW  - scytonemin
KW  - UV radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 28807950; Fleming, Erich D. 1,2; Email Address: erich.fleming@gmail.com Castenholz, Richard W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 63 Issue 3, p301; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: NOSTOC commune; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: AMMONIUM; Subject Term: METABOLISM; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen fixation; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen source; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nostoc punctiforme; Author-Supplied Keyword: scytonemin; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00432.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28807950&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kraal, Erin R.
AU  - Asphaug, Erik
AU  - Moore, Jeffery M.
AU  - Howard, Alan
AU  - Bredt, Adam
T1  - Catalogue of large alluvial fans in martian impact craters
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 194
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 110
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We conducted a systematic, global survey using Thermal Emission Imaging System Infrared (THEMIS IR) coverage (∼100 m/pixel) to search for large alluvial fans in impact craters on Mars. Our survey has focused on large fans (apron areas greater than ∼40 km2, usually located in craters greater than 20 km in diameter) due to the resolution of the THEMIS images and Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) coverage. We find that the host craters are found to have a distinctive diameter range from 30–150 km. The fans generally cluster in three geographic areas—southern Margaritifer Terra, southwestern Terra Sabaea, and southwestern Tyrrhena Terra, however several outliers do exist. The alluvial fans do not form in a particular orientation along the crater rim nor are they associated with the location of current high rim topography. Fan area magnitude and variability increase with crater diameter while fan concavity magnitude and variability increase with decreasing crater diameter. Smaller fan aprons in general have higher, more variable concavity. The source of the water forming these fans is uncertain given the challenges of accommodating the global distribution pattern and formation patterns within the craters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - climate ( Mars )
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - surface ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 30028870; Kraal, Erin R. 1,2; Email Address: ekraal@vt.edu Asphaug, Erik 1 Moore, Jeffery M. 3 Howard, Alan 4 Bredt, Adam 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Geoscience Department, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA  3: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Environmental Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 194 Issue 1, p101; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Mars ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30028870&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sekine, Yasuhito
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
AU  - Matsui, Takafumi
AU  - Khare, Bishun N.
AU  - Bakes, Emma L.O.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Sugita, Seiji
T1  - The role of organic haze in Titan's atmospheric chemistry: I. Laboratory investigation on heterogeneous reaction of atomic hydrogen with Titan tholin
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 194
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 186
EP  - 200
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: In Titan''s atmosphere consisting of N2 and CH4, large amounts of atomic hydrogen are produced by photochemical reactions during the formation of complex organics. This atomic hydrogen may undergo heterogeneous reactions with organic aerosol in the stratosphere and mesosphere of Titan. In order to investigate both the mechanisms and kinetics of the heterogeneous reactions, atomic deuterium is irradiated onto Titan tholin formed from N2 and CH4 gas mixtures at various surface-temperatures of the tholin ranging from 160 to 310 K. The combined analyses of the gas species and the exposed tholin indicate that the interaction mechanisms of atomic deuterium with the tholin are composed of three reactions; (a) abstraction of hydrogen from tholin resulting in gaseous HD formation (HD recombination), (b) addition of D atom into tholin (hydrogenation), and (c) removal of carbon and/or nitrogen (chemical erosion). The reaction probabilities of HD recombination and hydrogenation are obtained as and , respectively. The chemical erosion process is very inefficient under the conditions of temperature range of Titan''s stratosphere and mesosphere. Under Titan conditions, the rates of hydrogenation > HD recombination ≫ chemical erosion. Our measured HD recombination rate is about 10 times (with an uncertainty of a factor of 3–5) the prediction of previous theoretical model. These results imply that organic aerosol can remove atomic hydrogen efficiently from Titan''s atmosphere through the heterogeneous reactions and that the presence of aerosol may affect the subsequent organic chemistry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - ORGANIC chemistry
KW  - HYDROGENATION
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - atmospheres ( Satellites )
KW  - chemistry ( Atmospheres )
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 30028878; Sekine, Yasuhito 1; Email Address: sekine@impact.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp Imanaka, Hiroshi 2,3 Matsui, Takafumi 4 Khare, Bishun N. 5,6 Bakes, Emma L.O. 3,5 McKay, Christopher P. 5 Sugita, Seiji 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA  3: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Department of Complexity Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8562, Japan  5: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  6: The Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 194 Issue 1, p186; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: ORGANIC chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROGENATION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheres ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: chemistry ( Atmospheres ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sekine, Yasuhito
AU  - Lebonnois, Sébastien
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
AU  - Matsui, Takafumi
AU  - Bakes, Emma L.O.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Khare, Bishun N.
AU  - Sugita, Seiji
T1  - The role of organic haze in Titan's atmospheric chemistry: II. Effect of heterogeneous reaction to the hydrogen budget and chemical composition of the atmosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 194
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 211
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: One of the key components controlling the chemical composition and climatology of Titan''s atmosphere is the removal of reactive atomic hydrogen from the atmosphere. A proposed process of the removal of atomic hydrogen is the heterogeneous reaction with organic aerosol. In this study, we investigate the effect of heterogeneous reactions in Titan''s atmospheric chemistry using new measurements of the heterogeneous reaction rate [Sekine, Y., Imanaka, H., Matsui, T., Khare, B.N., Bakes, E.L.O., McKay, C.P., Sugita, S., 2008. Icarus 194, 186–200] in a one-dimensional photochemical model. Our results indicate that 60–75% of the atomic hydrogen in the stratosphere and mesosphere are consumed by the heterogeneous reactions. This result implies that the heterogeneous reactions on the aerosol surface may predominantly remove atomic hydrogen in Titan''s stratosphere and mesosphere. The results of our calculation also indicate that a low concentration of atomic hydrogen enhances the concentrations of unsaturated complex organics, such as C4H2 and phenyl radical, by more than two orders in magnitude around 400 km in altitude. Such an increase in unsaturated species may induce efficient haze production in Titan''s mesosphere and upper stratosphere. These results imply a positive feedback mechanism in haze production in Titan''s atmosphere. The increase in haze production would affect the chemical composition of the atmosphere, which might induce further haze production. Such a positive feedback could tend to dampen the loss and supply cycles of CH4 due to an episodic CH4 release into Titan''s atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - ORGANIC chemistry
KW  - atmospheres ( Satellites )
KW  - chemistry ( Atmospheres )
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 30028879; Sekine, Yasuhito 1; Email Address: sekine@impact.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp Lebonnois, Sébastien 2 Imanaka, Hiroshi 3,4 Matsui, Takafumi 5 Bakes, Emma L.O. 3,6 McKay, Christopher P. 6 Khare, Bishun N. 4,6 Sugita, Seiji 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, CNRS/UPMC, Box 99, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA  4: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Department of Complexity Science & Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 227-8562, Japan  6: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 194 Issue 1, p201; Subject Term: CHEMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: ORGANIC chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheres ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: chemistry ( Atmospheres ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.08.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panciera, Rocco
AU  - Walker, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Kalma, Jetse D.
AU  - Kim, Edward J.
AU  - Hacker, Jorg M.
AU  - Merlin, Olivier
AU  - Berger, Michael
AU  - Skou, Niels
T1  - The NAFE'05/CoSMOS Data Set: Toward SMOS Soil Moisture Retrieval, Downscaling, and Assimilation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 736
EP  - 745
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The National Airborne Field Experiment 2005 (NAFE'05) and the Campaign for validating the Operation of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (CoSMOS) were undertaken in November 2005 in the Goulburn River catchment, which is located in southeastern Australia. The objective of the joint campaign was to provide simulated Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) observations using airborne L-band radiometers supported by soil moisture and other relevant ground data for the following: 1) the development of SMOS soil moisture retrieval algorithms; 2) developing approaches for downscaling the low-resolution data from SMOS; and 3) testing its assimilation into land surface models for root zone soil moisture retrieval. This paper describes the NAFE'05 and CoSMOS airborne data sets together with the ground data collected in support of both aircraft campaigns. The airborne L-band acquisitions included 40 km x 40 km coverage flights at 500-rn and 1-km resolution for the simulation of a SMOS pixel, multiresolution flights with ground resolution ranging from 1 km to 62.5 m, multiangle observations, and specific flights that targeted the vegetation dew and sun glint effect on L-band soil moisture retrieval. The L-band data were accompanied by airborne thermal infrared and optical measurements. The ground data consisted of continuous soil moisture profile measurements at 18 monitoring sites throughout the 40 km x 40 km study area and extensive spatial near-surface soil moisture measurements concurrent with airborne monitoring. Additionally, data were collected on rock coverage and temperature, surface roughness, skin and soil temperatures, dew amount, and vegetation water content and biomass. These data are available at www.nafe.unimelb. edu.au. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - MICROWAVE remote sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - SOIL moisture -- Measurement
KW  - WATERSHEDS
KW  - GOULBURN River Watershed (Vic.)
KW  - AUSTRALIA
KW  - Microwave radiometry
KW  - National Airborne Field Experiment (NAFE)
KW  - passive microwave
KW  - soil moisture
KW  - Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS)
N1  - Accession Number: 32830560; Panciera, Rocco 1; Email Address: rocco@civenv.unimelb.edu.au Walker, Jeffrey P. 1 Kalma, Jetse D. 2 Kim, Edward J. 3 Hacker, Jorg M. 4,5 Merlin, Olivier 1 Berger, Michael 6 Skou, Niels 7,8; Affiliation:  1: The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.  2: The School of Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia.  3: The Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  4: Airborne Research Australia, Salisbury South, 5106, Australia.  5: Flinders University, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.  6: The Science Strategy, Coordination and Planning Office (EOP-SA), European Space Agency Centre for Earth Observation (ESRIN), 00044 Frascati, Italy.  7: The Danish National Space Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.  8: The Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p736; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: MICROWAVE remote sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: SOIL moisture -- Measurement; Subject Term: WATERSHEDS; Subject Term: GOULBURN River Watershed (Vic.); Subject Term: AUSTRALIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Airborne Field Experiment (NAFE); Author-Supplied Keyword: passive microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Chakrapani, Venkatesan
T1  - Assessment of the Visible Channel Calibrations of the VIRS on TRMM and MODIS on Aqua and Terra.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 400
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Several recent research satellites carry self-calibrating multispectral imagers that can be used for calibrating operational imagers lacking complete self-calibrating capabilities. In particular, the visible (VIS, 0.65 μm) channels on operational meteorological satellites are generally calibrated before launch, but require vicarious calibration techniques to monitor the gains and offsets once they are in orbit. To ensure that the self-calibrating instruments are performing as expected, this paper examines the consistencies between the VIS channel (channel 1) reflectances of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on the Terra and Aqua satellites and the version 5a and 6 reflectances of the Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission using a variety of techniques. These include comparisons of Terra and Aqua VIS radiances with coincident broadband shortwave radiances from the well-calibrated Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), time series of deep convective cloud (DCC) albedos, and ray-matching intercalibrations between each of the three satellites. Time series of matched Terra and VIRS data, Aqua and VIRS data, and DCC reflected fluxes reveal that an older version (version 5a, ending in early 2004) of the VIRS calibration produced a highly stable record, while the latest version (version 6) appears to overestimate the sensor gain change by ∼1% yr-1 as the result of a manually induced gain adjustment. Comparisons with the CERES shortwave radiances unearthed a sudden change in the Terra MODIS calibration that caused a 1.17% decrease in the gain on 19 November 2003 that can be easily reversed. After correction for these manual adjustments, the trends in the VIRS and Terra channels are no greater than 0.1% yr-1. Although the results were more ambiguous, no statistically significant trends were found in the Aqua MODIS channel 1 gain. The Aqua radiances are 1% greater, on average, than their Terra counterparts, and after normalization are 4.6% greater than VIRS radiances, in agreement with theoretical calculations. The discrepancy between the two MODIS instruments should be taken into account to ensure consistency between parameters derived from them. With the adjustments, any of the three instruments can serve as references for calibrating other satellites. Monitoring of the calibrations continues in near–real time and the results are available via the World Wide Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - SCIENTIFIC satellites
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - WORLD Wide Web
KW  - INTERNET
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - COSMOS satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 31549034; Minnis, Patrick 1; Email Address: patrick.minnis-1@nasa.gov Doelling, David R. 1 Nguyen, Louis 1 Miller, Walter F. 2 Chakrapani, Venkatesan 3; Affiliation:  1: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  3: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p385; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC satellites; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: WORLD Wide Web; Subject Term: INTERNET; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: COSMOS satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JTECHA1021.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iraci, Laura
AU  - Riffel, Brent
AU  - Robinson, Carly
AU  - Michelsen, Rebecca
AU  - Stephenson, Rachel
T1  - The acid catalyzed nitration of methanol: formation of methyl nitrate via aerosol chemistry.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 237
EP  - 238
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - A correction to the article "The acid catalyzed nitration of methanol: Formation of methyl nitrate via aerosol chemistry," by Laura T. Iraci, Brent G. Riffel and Carly B. Robinson is presented.
KW  - METHANOL
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 33373010; Iraci, Laura 1; Email Address: Laura.T.Iraci@NASA.gov Riffel, Brent Robinson, Carly Michelsen, Rebecca Stephenson, Rachel; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Science Branch , NASA Ames Research Center , Mail Stop 245-5 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p237; Subject Term: METHANOL; Subject Term: RESEARCH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-008-9098-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mehta, Satish K.
AU  - Tyring, Stephen K.
AU  - Gilden, Donald H.
AU  - Cohrs, Randall J.
AU  - Leal, Melanie J.
AU  - Castro, Victoria A.
AU  - Feiveson, Alan H.
AU  - Ott, C. Mark
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
T1  - Varicella-Zoster Virus in the Saliva of Patients with Herpes Zoster.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2008/03//3/1/2008
VL  - 197
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 654
EP  - 657
SN  - 00221899
AB  - Fifty-four patients with herpes zoster were treated with valacyclovir. On treatment days 1, 8, and 15, pain was scored and saliva examined for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA. VZV DNA was found in every patient the day treatment was started and later disappeared in 82%. There was a positive correlation between the presence of VZV DNA and pain and between VZV DNA copy number and pain (P<.0005). VZV DNA was present in 1 patient before rash and in 4 after pain resolved and was not present in any of 6 subjects with chronic pain or in 14 healthy subjects. Analysis of human saliva has potential usefulness in the diagnosis of neurological disease produced by VZV without rash. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HERPESVIRUS diseases
KW  - SHINGLES (Disease) -- Treatment
KW  - VARICELLA-zoster virus
KW  - HERPESVIRUSES
KW  - PAIN
KW  - SALIVA
KW  - CHRONIC pain
KW  - CHRONIC diseases
KW  - SHINGLES (Disease)
KW  - PATIENTS
N1  - Accession Number: 31661044; Mehta, Satish K. 1 Tyring, Stephen K. 2 Gilden, Donald H. 3,4; Email Address: ngilden@uchsc.edu Cohrs, Randall J. 3 Leal, Melanie J. 1 Castro, Victoria A. 1 Feiveson, Alan H. 5 Ott, C. Mark 5 Pierson, Duane L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc.  2: University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston  3: Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver  4: Department of Microbiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver  5: Space Life Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center; Source Info: 3/1/2008, Vol. 197 Issue 5, p654; Subject Term: HERPESVIRUS diseases; Subject Term: SHINGLES (Disease) -- Treatment; Subject Term: VARICELLA-zoster virus; Subject Term: HERPESVIRUSES; Subject Term: PAIN; Subject Term: SALIVA; Subject Term: CHRONIC pain; Subject Term: CHRONIC diseases; Subject Term: SHINGLES (Disease); Subject Term: PATIENTS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1086/527420
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reda, D. C.
AU  - Wilder, M. C.
AU  - Bogdanoff, D. W.
AU  - Prabhu, D. K.
T1  - Transition Experiments on Blunt Bodies with Distributed Roughness in Hypersonic Free Flight.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/03//Mar/Apr2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 215
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Models of hemispherical and blunt large-angle conical geometries were flown in the NASA Ames hypersonic ballistic range to investigate the influence of distributed surface roughness on transition to turbulence. Transitionzone fronts were defined from optically measured global surface temperature distributions. Measurements of preconditioned surface roughness, surface temperature, average transition-front location, and freestream environment were combined with real-gas Navier--Stokes calculations of model flowfields, including laminar boundary-layer development in these flowfields, to transform all data into dimensionless parameters used to correlate transition onset/location on rough blunt bodies in hypersonic flow. A combination of present and previously published results led to the formulation of a transition correlation applicable over all three regimes potentially encountered by an ablating blunt-body heat shield undergoing atmospheric entry: the smooth-wall asymptote, the critical-roughness Reynolds number regime, and the large-roughness/low-Reynolds-number asymptote. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - TRANSITION flow
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - ASYMPTOTES
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 31966718; Reda, D. C. 1,2 Wilder, M. C. 1,3 Bogdanoff, D. W. 3,4 Prabhu, D. K. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Fellow, AIAA  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086; Source Info: Mar/Apr2008, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p210; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: TRANSITION flow; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTES; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30288
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berry, Scott A.
AU  - Horvath, Thomas J.
T1  - Discrete-Roughness Transition for Hypersonic Flight Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/03//Mar/Apr2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 216
EP  - 227
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The importance of discrete roughness and the correlations developed to predict the onset of boundary-layer transition on hypersonic flight vehicles are discussed. The paper is organized by hypersonic vehicle applications characterized in a general sense by the boundary layer: slender with hypersonic conditions at the edge of the boundary layer, moderately blunt with supersonic, and blunt with subsonic. This paper is intended to be a review of recent discrete-roughness-transition work completed at NASA Langley Research Center in support of agency flight test programs. First, a review is provided of discrete-roughness wind-tunnel data and the resulting correlations that were developed. Then results obtained from flight vehicles (in particular, the recently flown Hyper-X and shuttle missions) are discussed and compared with the ground-based correlations. Based on these comparisons, wind-tunnel-derived roughness criteria are shown to provide a reliable means for predicting transition behavior for flight vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 31966719; Berry, Scott A. 1,2 Horvath, Thomas J. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2008, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p216; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30970
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31966719&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Covington, M. A.
AU  - Heinemann, J. M.
AU  - Goldstein, H. E.
AU  - Chen, Y.-K.
AU  - Terrazas-Salinas, I.
AU  - Balboni, J. A.
AU  - Olejniczak, J.
AU  - Martinez, E. R.
T1  - Performance of a Low Density Ablative Heat Shield Material.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/03//Mar/Apr2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 237
EP  - 247
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An evaluation of the Stardust spacecraft forebody heat shield design was conducted to address uncertainties in original development and qualification efforts. Results are reported for additional arc jet tests and analyses done on the ablative and thermal performance of the low density ablative material used in the Stardust design for conditions simulating nominal peak convective heating conditions expected for Stardust sample return capsule Earth entry. Test data were used to adjust iteratively the thermophysical properties in an ablative response computer code to match experimental in-depth temperatures. Ablative recession rates and maximum internal temperatures were satisfactorily predicted by the computer code using derived properties for nominal peak entry heating rates and for rates 37% greater than nominal. Experimental and computer model maximum internal material temperatures were in agreement over a range of conditions and are considered to validate the Stardust heat shield design although measured in-depth temperature data show consistent temperature rise deviations that are not accurately modeled by the computer code. Predicted Stardust heat shield performance based on these results indicates that maximum attachment bond line temperatures will be considerably less than the maximum allowable of 250°C, and total recession will be a small fraction of the as-designed thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - THERMOPHYSICAL properties
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Materials
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
N1  - Accession Number: 31966721; Covington, M. A. 1,2 Heinemann, J. M. 1 Goldstein, H. E. 3,4 Chen, Y.-K. 5 Terrazas-Salinas, I. 5 Balboni, J. A. 5 Olejniczak, J. 2,5 Martinez, E. R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Fellow, AIAA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Mar/Apr2008, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p237; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Materials; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.12403
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Jamie L.
AU  - Mazzoleni, Andre P.
AU  - DeJarnette, Fred R.
AU  - Antol, Jeffrey
AU  - Hajos, Gregory A.
AU  - Strickland, Christopher V.
T1  - Design, Analysis, and Testing of Mars Tumbleweed Rover Concepts.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/03//Mar/Apr2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 370
EP  - 382
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A Mars Tumbleweed rover is a spherical, wind-driven, planetary rover. Compared with conventional rovers, a tumbleweed rover can travel farther faster and gain access to areas such as valleys and chasms that previously were inaccessible. This paper presents design, mathematical modeling, computer simulation, and testing of various tumbleweed rover concepts. In particular, we present wind-tunnel data indicating that a box-kite configuration represents a promising tumbleweed rover design, we show that a working box-kite-type tumbleweed can be constructed, and we show that center of mass variation shows promise as the basis of a tumbleweed rover navigation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 31966734; Wilson, Jamie L. 1,2 Mazzoleni, Andre P. 1,3 DeJarnette, Fred R. 1,4 Antol, Jeffrey 5 Hajos, Gregory A. 5 Strickland, Christopher V. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695  2: Student Member, AIAA  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: Fellow, AIAA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  6: NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia 23337  7: Member, AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2008, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p370; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 11 Black and White Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.31288
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kondrachuk, A. V.
AU  - Sirenko, S. P.
AU  - Boyle, R.
T1  - Effect of difference of cupula and endolymph densities on the dynamics of semicircular canal.
JO  - Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation
JF  - Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 18
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 88
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 09574271
AB  - The effect of different densities of a cupula and endolymph on the dynamics of the semicircular canals is considered within the framework of a simplified one-dimensional mathematical model where the canal is approximated by a torus. If the densities are equal, the model is represented by Steinhausen's phenomenological equation. The difference of densities results in the complex dynamics of the cupulo-endolymphatic system, and leads to a dependence on the orientation of both the gravity vector relative to the canal plane and the axis of rotation, as well as on the distance between the axis of rotation and the center of the semicircular canal. Our analysis focused on two cases of canal stimulation: rotation with a constant velocity and a time-dependent (harmonically oscillating) angular velocity. Two types of spatial orientation of the axis of rotation, the axis of canal symmetry, and the vector of gravity were considered: i) the gravity vector and axis of rotation lie in the canal plane, and ii) the axis of rotation and gravity vector are normal to the canal plane. The difference of the cupula and endolymph densities reveals new features of cupula dynamics, for instance – a shift of the cupula to a new position of equilibrium that depends on the gravity vector and the parameters of head rotation, and the onset of cupula oscillations with multiple frequencies that results in the distortion of cupula dynamics relative to harmonic stimulation. Factors that might influence the density difference effects and the conditions under which these effects occur are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vestibular Research: Equilibrium & Orientation is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICIRCULAR canals
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - VESTIBULAR apparatus -- Physiology
KW  - LABYRINTH (Ear) -- Physiology
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - cupula
KW  - endolymph
KW  - modeling
KW  - Semicircular canal
N1  - Accession Number: 35909620; Kondrachuk, A. V. 1; Email Address: kondr@kondr.kiev.ua Sirenko, S. P. 1 Boyle, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physics, Natl. Acad. Sci., Kiev, Ukraine  2: BioVIS Technology Center, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 18 Issue 2/3, p69; Subject Term: SEMICIRCULAR canals; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: VESTIBULAR apparatus -- Physiology; Subject Term: LABYRINTH (Ear) -- Physiology; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cupula; Author-Supplied Keyword: endolymph; Author-Supplied Keyword: modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semicircular canal; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hane, Carl E.
AU  - Haynes, John A.
AU  - Andra Jr., David L.
AU  - Carr, Frederick H.
T1  - The Evolution of Morning Convective Systems over the U.S. Great Plains during the Warm Season. Part II: A Climatology and the Influence of Environmental Factors.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 136
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 929
EP  - 944
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - Mesoscale convective systems that affect a limited area within the southern plains of the United States during late morning hours during the warm season are investigated. A climatological study over a 5-yr period documents the initiation locations and times, tracks, associated severe weather, and relation to synoptic features over the lifetimes of 145 systems. An assessment is also made of system evolution in each case during the late morning. For a subset of 48 systems, vertical profiles of basic variables from Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) model analyses are used to characterize the environment of each system. Scatter diagrams and discriminant analyses are used to assess which environmental variables are most promising in helping to determine which of two classes of evolutionary character each system will follow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - GREAT Plains -- Economic conditions
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 32401304; Hane, Carl E. 1; Email Address: carl.hane@noaa.gov Haynes, John A. 2,3 Andra Jr., David L. 4 Carr, Frederick H. 2; Affiliation:  1: NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory and Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, Norman, Oklahoma  2: School of Meteorology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C  4: NOAA/National Weather Service, Norman, Oklahoma; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 136 Issue 3, p929; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: GREAT Plains -- Economic conditions; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Graves, S.D.B.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Griffith, C.A.
AU  - Ferri, F.
AU  - Fulchignoni, M.
T1  - Rain and hail can reach the surface of Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 56
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 346
EP  - 357
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We have calculated the condensation and evaporation of ternary CH4–N2–C2H6 liquid drops and solid CH4 hail as they fall through Titan''s lower atmosphere to determine the likelihood that precipitation reaches the ground. Assuming the humidity profile determined by the Huygens probe, binary liquid CH4/N2 condensate grows in the region from ∼8 to 15km in Titan''s atmosphere because the combined humidity of CH4 and N2 exceeds saturation. These drops evaporate below ∼8km. We determine the fate of 10μm seeds composed of ethane, which is expected to provide condensation sites. In addition, we study the fate of already formed raindrops with radii of 1–4.75mm falling out of the growth region. High (50%) and low (0%) ethane relative humidities (RH) are considered in the calculation. We find that drops with radii ∼3mm and smaller dropping from 8km reach the ground in compositional equilibrium with the atmosphere in the high ethane RH case as a result of the stabilizing influence of the ethane, and evaporate in the atmosphere in the low ethane RH case. Large drops (>∼3mm) reach the surface large and cold because the latent heat loss due to the evaporation of methane cools the drop and slows the evaporation rate. Pure methane hail hits the ground if its radius is initially more than 4mm at 16km above the surface and sublimates in the atmosphere if its radius is smaller. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - HAIL
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - Hail
KW  - Huygens
KW  - Methane
KW  - Rain
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 30019408; Graves, S.D.B. 1; Email Address: sdgraves@gps.caltech.edu McKay, C.P. 1 Griffith, C.A. 2 Ferri, F. 3 Fulchignoni, M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett, Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Università di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  4: Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 56 Issue 3/4, p346; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: HAIL; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hail; Author-Supplied Keyword: Huygens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.11.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Furfaro, R.
AU  - Dohm, J.M.
AU  - Fink, W.
AU  - Kargel, J.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, D.
AU  - Fairén, A.G.
AU  - Palmero-Rodriguez, A.
AU  - Baker, V.R.
AU  - Ferré, P.T.
AU  - Hare, T.M.
AU  - Tarbell, M.A.
AU  - Miyamoto, H.
AU  - Komatsu, G.
T1  - The search for life beyond Earth through fuzzy expert systems
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 56
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 448
EP  - 472
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Autonomy will play a key role in future science-driven, tier-scalable robotic planetary reconnaissance to extremely challenging (by existing means), locales on Mars and elsewhere that have the potential to yield significant geological and possibly exobiologic information. The full-scale and optimal deployment of the agents employed by tier-scalable architectures requires the design, implementation, and integration of an intelligent reconnaissance system. Such a system should be designed to enable fully automated and comprehensive characterization of an operational area, as well as to integrate existing information with acquired, “in transit” spatial and temporal sensor data, to identify and home in on prime candidate locales. These may include locales with the greatest potential of containing life. Founded on the premise that water and energy are key to life, we have designed a fuzzy system that can (1) acquire the appropriate past/present water/energy indicators while the tier-scalable mission architecture is deployed (first layer), and (2) evaluate habitability through a specialized fuzzy knowledge-base of the water and energy information (second layer) acquired in (1). The system has been tested through hypothetical deployments at two hypothesized regions on Mars. The fuzzy-based expert''s simulation results corroborate the same conclusions provided by the human expert, and thus highlight the system''s potential capability to effectively and autonomously reason as an interdisciplinary scientist in the quest for life. While the approach is demonstrated for Mars, the methodology is general enough to be extended to other planetary bodies. It can be readily modified and updated as our interdisciplinary understanding of planetary environments improves. We believe this work represents a foundational step toward implementing higher-level intelligence in robotic, tier-scalable planetary reconnaissance within and beyond the solar system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIFE
KW  - WATER
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - FUZZY systems
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Autonomous planetary reconnaissance
KW  - Fuzzy logic
KW  - Robotic planetary exploration
KW  - Search for life
KW  - Tier-scalable mission autonomy
N1  - Accession Number: 30019418; Furfaro, R. 1; Email Address: robertof@email.arizona.edu Dohm, J.M. 2,3 Fink, W. 4 Kargel, J. 2 Schulze-Makuch, D. 5 Fairén, A.G. 6 Palmero-Rodriguez, A. 7 Baker, V.R. 2,3 Ferré, P.T. 2 Hare, T.M. 8 Tarbell, M.A. 4 Miyamoto, H. 9 Komatsu, G. 10; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: California Institute of Technology, Visual and Autonomous Exploration Systems Research Laboratory, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Department of Geology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  8: United States Geologic Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA  9: Department of Geosystem Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan  10: International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, Pescara, Italy; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 56 Issue 3/4, p448; Subject Term: LIFE; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: FUZZY systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomous planetary reconnaissance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuzzy logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotic planetary exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search for life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tier-scalable mission autonomy; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.09.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Almimi, Ashraf A.
AU  - Kulahci, Murat
AU  - Montgomery, Douglas C.
T1  - Estimation of missing observations in two-level split-plot designs.
JO  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
JF  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 152
SN  - 07488017
AB  - Inserting estimates for the missing observations from split-plot designs restores their balanced or orthogonal structure and alleviates the difficulties in the statistical analysis. In this article, we extend a method due to Draper and Stoneman to estimate the missing observations from unreplicated two-level factorial and fractional factorial split-plot (FSP and FFSP) designs. The missing observations, which can either be from the same whole plot, from different whole plots, or comprise entire whole plots, are estimated by equating to zero a number of specific contrast columns equal to the number of the missing observations. These estimates are inserted into the design table and the estimates for the remaining effects (or alias chains of effects as the case with FFSP designs) are plotted on two half-normal plots: one for the whole-plot effects and the other for the subplot effects. If the smaller effects do not point at the origin, then different contrast columns to some or all of the initial ones should be discarded and the plots re-examined for bias. Using examples, we show how the method provides estimates for the missing observations that are very close to their actual values. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality & Reliability Engineering International is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - MISSING data (Statistics)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - MULTIVARIATE analysis
KW  - MULTIPLE imputation (Statistics)
KW  - alias chains of effects
KW  - half-normal plot
KW  - missing observations
KW  - unreplicated two-level factorial and fractional factorial split-plot designs
N1  - Accession Number: 31136034; Almimi, Ashraf A. 1,2 Kulahci, Murat 1,3 Montgomery, Douglas C. 1; Email Address: doug.montgomery@asu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Industrial Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, U.S.A.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.  3: Informatics and Mathematical Modeling, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p127; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: MISSING data (Statistics); Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: MULTIPLE imputation (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: alias chains of effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: half-normal plot; Author-Supplied Keyword: missing observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: unreplicated two-level factorial and fractional factorial split-plot designs; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 34 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qre.871
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zander, R.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Demoulin, P.
AU  - Duchatelet, P.
AU  - Roland, G.
AU  - Servais, C.
AU  - Mazière, M. De
AU  - Reimann, S.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
T1  - Our changing atmosphere: Evidence based on long-term infrared solar observations at the Jungfraujoch since 1950
JO  - Science of the Total Environment
JF  - Science of the Total Environment
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 391
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 195
SN  - 00489697
AB  - The Institute of Astrophysics of the University of Liège has been present at the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, since the late 1940s, to perform spectrometric solar observations under dry and weakly polluted high-mountain conditions. Several solar atlases of photometric quality, extending altogether from the near-ultra-violet to the middle-infrared, were produced between 1956 and 1994, first with grating spectrometers then with Fourier transform instruments. During the early 1970s, scientific concerns emerged about atmospheric composition changes likely to set in as a consequence of the growing usage of nitrogen-containing agricultural fertilisers and the industrial production of chlorine-bearing compounds such as the chlorofluorocarbons and hydro-chlorofluorocarbons. Resulting releases to the atmosphere with ensuing photolysis in the stratosphere and catalytic depletion of the protective ozone layer prompted a worldwide consortium of chemical manufacturing companies to solicit the Liège group to help in clarifying these concerns by undertaking specific observations with its existing Jungfraujoch instrumentation. The following pages evoke the main steps that led from quasi full sun-oriented studies to priority investigations of the Earth''s atmosphere, in support of both the Montreal and the Kyoto Protocols. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes -- Detection
KW  - CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - BELGIUM
KW  - SWITZERLAND
KW  - Atmospheric composition changes
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Infrared remote sensing
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Montreal and Kyoto Protocols
KW  - UNIVERSITE de Liege
N1  - Accession Number: 28137358; Zander, R. 1; Email Address: r.zander@ulg.ac.be Mahieu, E. 1 Demoulin, P. 1 Duchatelet, P. 1 Roland, G. 1 Servais, C. 1 Mazière, M. De 2 Reimann, S. 3 Rinsland, C.P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Belgium  2: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium  3: Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, Switzerland  4: NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 391 Issue 2/3, p184; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Detection; Subject Term: CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: BELGIUM; Subject Term: SWITZERLAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric composition changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Montreal and Kyoto Protocols; Company/Entity: UNIVERSITE de Liege; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28137358&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - An Approach to Searching for Life on Mars, Europa, and Enceladus.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 135
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 54
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Near-term missions may be able to access samples of organic material from Mars, Europa, and Enceladus. The challenge for astrobiology will be to determine if this material is the remains of dead microorganisms or merely abiotic organic material. The remains of life that shares a common origin with life on Earth will be straightforward to detect using sophisticated methods such as DNA amplification. These methods are extremely sensitive but specific to Earth-like life. Detecting the remains of alien life—that does not have a genetic or biochemical commonality with Earth life—will be much more difficult. There is a general property of life that can be used to determine if organic material is of biological origin. This general property is the repeated use of a few specific organic molecules for the construction of biopolymers. For example, Earth-like life uses 20 amino acids to construct proteins, 5 nucleotide bases to construct DNA and RNA, and a few sugars to construct polysaccharides. This selectivity will result in a statistically anomalous distribution of organic molecules distinct from organic material of non-biological origin. Such a distinctive pattern, different from the pattern of Earth-like life, will be persuasive evidence for a second genesis of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
KW  - ENCELADUS (Satellite)
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - POLYSACCHARIDES
KW  - Enceladus
KW  - Europa
KW  - Life
KW  - Mars
KW  - Second genesis
N1  - Accession Number: 32960509; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 135 Issue 1-4, p49; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Subject Term: ENCELADUS (Satellite); Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: POLYSACCHARIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enceladus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Europa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Second genesis; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-007-9229-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32960509&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bada, J. L.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
AU  - Grunthaner, F.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Coleman, M.
AU  - Farrington, A.
AU  - Yen, A.
AU  - Mathies, R.
AU  - Amudson, R.
AU  - Quinn, R.
AU  - Zent, A.
AU  - Ride, S.
AU  - Barron, L.
AU  - Botta, O.
AU  - Clark, B.
AU  - Glavin, D.
AU  - Hofmann, B.
AU  - Josset, J. L.
AU  - Rettberg, P.
AU  - Robert, F.
T1  - Urey: Mars Organic and Oxidant Detector.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2008/03//
VL  - 135
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 269
EP  - 279
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - One of the fundamental challenges facing the scientific community as we enter this new century of Mars research is to understand, in a rigorous manner, the biotic potential both past and present of this outermost terrestrial-like planet in our solar system. Urey: Mars Organic and Oxidant Detector has been selected for the Pasteur payload of the European Space Agency’s (ESA’s) ExoMars rover mission and is considered a fundamental instrument to achieve the mission’s scientific objectives. The instrument is named Urey in recognition of Harold Clayton Urey’s seminal contributions to cosmochemistry, geochemistry, and the study of the origin of life. The overall goal of Urey is to search for organic compounds directly in the regolith of Mars and to assess their origin. Urey will perform a groundbreaking investigation of the Martian environment that will involve searching for organic compounds indicative of life and prebiotic chemistry at a sensitivity many orders of magnitude greater than Viking or other in situ organic detection systems. Urey will perform the first in situ search for key classes of organic molecules using state-of-the-art analytical methods that provide part-per-trillion sensitivity. It will ascertain whether any of these molecules are abiotic or biotic in origin and will evaluate the survival potential of organic compounds in the environment using state-of-the-art chemoresistor oxidant sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - LIFE (Biology)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Life detection instrumentation
KW  - Mars
KW  - Space research
N1  - Accession Number: 32960502; Bada, J. L. 1; Email Address: jbada@ucsd.edu Ehrenfreund, P. 2 Grunthaner, F. 3 Blaney, D. 3 Coleman, M. 3 Farrington, A. 3 Yen, A. 3 Mathies, R. 4 Amudson, R. 4 Quinn, R. 5 Zent, A. 6 Ride, S. 7 Barron, L. 8 Botta, O. 9 Clark, B. 10 Glavin, D. 11 Hofmann, B. 12 Josset, J. L. 13 Rettberg, P. 14 Robert, F. 15; Affiliation:  1: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0212, USA  2: Leiden Institute of Chemistry, PO Box 9502, 2300 Leiden, The Netherlands  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Imaginary Lines, Inc., 9191 Towne Centre Dr, San Diego, CA 92122-122, USA  8: Department of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK  9: International Space Science Institute, 3012 Bern, Switzerland  10: Space Exploration Systems, Lockheed Martin, Denver, CO 80201, USA  11: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 915.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  12: Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, 3005 Bern, Switzerland  13: Space Exploration Institute SPACE-X, Neuchatel, Switzerland  14: Institute of Aerospace Medicine Radiation Biology, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany  15: Muséum National Histoire Naturelle, LEME — NanoAnalyses, 75005 Paris, France; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 135 Issue 1-4, p269; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: LIFE (Biology); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life detection instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space research; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-007-9213-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32960502&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chao Shi
AU  - He Yan
AU  - Gu, Claire
AU  - Ghosh, Debraj
AU  - Seballos, Leo
AU  - Shaowei Chen
AU  - Zhang, Jin Z.
AU  - Bin Chen
T1  - A double substrate “sandwich” structure for fiber surface enhanced Raman scattering detection.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/03/10/
VL  - 92
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 103107
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A double substrate “sandwiching” structure has been designed and tested for molecular detection using surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). With silver (Ag) nanoparticles as SERS substrates and rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a test molecule, the results show that the “sandwich” configuration exhibits significantly higher SERS enhancement compared to just one of the substrates or a simple sum of the signals from the two separate substrates. The improved SERS sensitivity is attributed to a stronger electromagnetic field enhancement by the double substrate sandwich structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 31390238; Chao Shi 1; Email Address: chaoshi@soe.ucsc.edu He Yan 1 Gu, Claire 1; Email Address: claire@soe.ucsc.edu Ghosh, Debraj 2 Seballos, Leo 2 Shaowei Chen 2 Zhang, Jin Z. 2; Email Address: zhang@chemistry.ucsc.edu Bin Chen 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA  2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2008, Vol. 92 Issue 10, p103107; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2883957
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31390238&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hains, Jennifer C.
AU  - Taubman, Brett F.
AU  - Thompson, Anne M.
AU  - Stehr, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Marufu, Lackson T.
AU  - Doddridge, Bruce G.
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - Origins of chemical pollution derived from Mid-Atlantic aircraft profiles using a clustering technique
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2008/03/11/
VL  - 42
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1727
EP  - 1741
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Upwind sources of NO x and SO2 play a crucial role in the amount of O3 and aerosols in the lower troposphere in the Mid-Atlantic US. This paper describes a novel method of clustering trace gas and aerosol profiles allowing for the quantification of the relationship between point sources and pollution levels. This improves our understanding of pollution origins and has the potential for prediction of episodes of poor air quality. A hierarchical clustering method was used to classify distinct chemical and meteorological events from over 200 aircraft vertical profiles in the lower troposphere. Profile measurements included O3, SO2, CO and particle scattering from June to August 1997–2003, in the Mid-Atlantic US (mostly in Maryland, Pennsylvania and Virginia). The clustering technique could discriminate distinct profile shapes including measurements made during the 2002 Canadian forest fires. Forty-eight-hour back trajectories were run for each profile and the integrated NO x and SO2 point source emissions encountered by each trajectory were calculated using data from the EPA Clean Air Market Division''s emissions database. There was a strong correlation between integrated NO x emissions and O3 profiles, indicating that O3 profiles are strongly influenced by and can be predicted with point source emissions. There is a prevalent concentration of SO2 over the eastern US with mixing ratios decreasing smoothly from about 3.5ppb near the surface to 0.2ppb at 2400m. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - NITROGEN oxides -- Environmental aspects
KW  - SULFUR dioxide
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - AIR pollution -- Measurement
KW  - RECONNAISSANCE aircraft
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - FOREST fires
KW  - MIDDLE Atlantic States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Clustering
KW  - Emissions
KW  - Ozone
KW  - SO2
N1  - Accession Number: 30066545; Hains, Jennifer C. 1; Email Address: hains@knmi.nl Taubman, Brett F. 2 Thompson, Anne M. 3 Stehr, Jeffrey W. 4 Marufu, Lackson T. 5 Doddridge, Bruce G. 5 Dickerson, Russell R. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Maryland, MD, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, Appalachian State University, USA  3: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA  4: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, MD, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 42 Issue 8, p1727; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: RECONNAISSANCE aircraft; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: FOREST fires; Subject Term: MIDDLE Atlantic States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO2; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.11.052
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=30066545&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Selch, Florian
AU  - Higashibata, Akira
AU  - Imamizo-Sato, Mari
AU  - Higashitani, Atsushi
AU  - Ishioka, Noriaki
AU  - Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
T1  - Genomic response of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to spaceflight
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 807
EP  - 815
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: On Earth, it is common to employ laboratory animals such as the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to help understand human health concerns. Similar studies in Earth orbit should help understand and address the concerns associated with spaceflight. The “International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment FIRST” (ICE FIRST), was carried out onboard the Dutch Taxiflight in April of 2004 by an international collaboration of laboratories in France, Canada, Japan and the United States. With the exception of a slight movement defect upon return to Earth, the result of altered muscle development, no significant abnormalities were detected in spaceflown C. elegans. Work from Japan revealed apoptosis proceeds normally and work from Canada revealed no significant increase in the rate of mutation. These results suggest that C. elegans can be used to study non-lethal responses to spaceflight and can possibly be developed as a biological sensor. To further our understanding of C. elegans response to spaceflight, we examined the gene transcription response to the 10 days in space using a near full genome microarray analysis. The transcriptional response is consistent with the observed normal developmental timing, apoptosis, DNA repair, and altered muscle development. The genes identified as altered in response to spaceflight are enriched for genes known to be regulated, in C. elegans, in response to altered environmental conditions (Insulin and TGF-β regulated). These results demonstrate C. elegans can be used to study the effects of altered gravity and suggest that C. elegans responds to spaceflight by altering the expression of at least some of the same metabolic genes that are altered in response to differing terrestrial environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENOMES
KW  - CAENORHABDITIS elegans
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - GENOMICS
KW  - C. elegans
KW  - Dauer
KW  - Insulin
KW  - Microarray
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - TGF-β
N1  - Accession Number: 29402659; Selch, Florian 1,2 Higashibata, Akira 3 Imamizo-Sato, Mari 4 Higashitani, Atsushi 5 Ishioka, Noriaki 3 Szewczyk, Nathaniel J. 1,6,7; Email Address: nate@alumni.cmu.edu Conley, Catharine A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, M/S 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Vienna, A-1010 Vienna, Austria  3: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan  4: Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd., Tsukuba Mitsui Building, 1-6-1, Takezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0032, Japan  5: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan  6: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA  7: School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3DT, UK; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p807; Subject Term: GENOMES; Subject Term: CAENORHABDITIS elegans; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: GENOMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. elegans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dauer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insulin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: TGF-β; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=29402659&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
AU  - Ghosn, Louis J.
AU  - Lerch, Bradley A.
T1  - A general tetrakaidecahedron model for open-celled foams
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1754
EP  - 1765
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: A micro-mechanics model for non-isotropic, open-celled foams is developed using an elongated tetrakaidecahedron (Kelvin model) as the repeating unit cell. Assuming the cell edges possess axial and bending rigidity, the mechanics of deformation of the elongated tetrakaidecahedron lead to a set of equations for the Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio and tensile strength of the foam in the principal material directions. These equations are written as a function of the cell edge lengths and cross-section properties, the inclination angle and the strength and stiffness of the solid material. This micro-mechanics model employs an elongated Kelvin model geometry which is more general than that employed by previous authors, as the size and shape of the repeating unit cell are defined by specifying three independent dimensions. As a result, the model accounts for an additional variation in the unit cell shape which is not accounted for in the previous models. The effect of this additional shape parameter on the non-isotropic stiffness and strength behavior is demonstrated and the advantages of this more general micro-mechanics model are illustrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - FOAM
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - Elastic material
KW  - Elongated Kelvin model
KW  - Elongated tetrakaidecahedron
KW  - Energy methods
KW  - Foam material
N1  - Accession Number: 28753817; Sullivan, Roy M.; Email Address: roy.sullivan@grc.nasa.gov Ghosn, Louis J. 1 Lerch, Bradley A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1754; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: FOAM; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elongated Kelvin model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elongated tetrakaidecahedron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foam material; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.10.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28753817&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Killian, Jessica L.
AU  - Zuckerman, Nathaniel B.
AU  - Niemann, Darrell L.
AU  - Ribaya, Bryan P.
AU  - Rahman, Mahmud
AU  - Espinosa, Robert
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
T1  - Field emission properties of carbon nanotube pillar arrays.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 103
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 064312
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Carbon nanotube pillar arrays (CPAs) for cold field emission applications were grown directly on polished 70/30 at. % NiCr alloy surfaces patterned by photolithography. A carbon nanotube (CNT) pillar is a localized, vertically aligned, and well-ordered group of multiwalled CNTs resulting from van der Waals forces within high-density CNT growth. The edge effect, in which the applied electric field is enhanced along the edge of each pillar, is primarily responsible for the excellent emission properties of CPAs. We achieved efficient emission with turn-on fields as low as 0.9 V/μm and stable current densities as high as 10 mA/cm2 at an applied macroscopic field of 5.7 V/μm. We investigated the effects of pillar aspect ratio, density, and spacing on CPA field emission and quantified the edge effect with respect to pillar aspect ratio through modeling. We also investigated the field emission stability and found substantial improvement with CPAs compared to continuous and patterned CNT films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - FIELD emission
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 31506652; Killian, Jessica L. 1,2,3 Zuckerman, Nathaniel B. 1,2,3 Niemann, Darrell L. 2,4 Ribaya, Bryan P. 2,4 Rahman, Mahmud 4 Espinosa, Robert 5 Meyyappan, M. 2 Nguyen, Cattien V. 1; Email Address: cvnguyen@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, USA  4: Electron Devices Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA  5: InXitu Inc., 2551 Casey Avenue Suite A, Mountain View, California 94043, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 103 Issue 6, p064312; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: FIELD emission; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2870931
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Cosgriff, Laura M.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
T1  - Impact resistance of environmental barrier coated SiC/SiC composites
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 476
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 19
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Impact performance of 2D woven SiC/SiC composites coated with 225 and 525μm thick environmental barrier coating (EBC) was investigated. The composites were fabricated by melt infiltration and the EBC was deposited by plasma spray. Impact tests were conducted at room temperature and at 1316°C in air using 1.59mm diameter steel-balls at projectile velocities ranging from 110 to 375m/s. Both microscopy and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods were used to determine the extent of damage in the substrate and coating with increasing projectile velocity. The impacted specimens were tensile tested at room temperature to determine their residual mechanical properties. At projectile velocities less than 125m/s, no detectable internal damage was noticed in the MI SiC/SiC composites coated with 525μm EBC. With increase in projectile velocity beyond this value, spallation of EBC layers, delamination of fiber plies, and fiber fracture were detected. At a fixed projectile velocity, the composites coated with 525μm EBC showed less damage than those coated with 225μm EBC. Both types of coated composites retained a large fraction of the baseline properties of the as-fabricated composites and exhibited non-brittle failure after impact testing. Furnace exposure of impacted specimens in a moisture environment at 1316°C for 500h indicated that the through-the-thickness cracks in the coating and delamination cracks in the substrate generated after impact testing acted as conduits for internal oxidation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - PLASMA spraying
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - EBC coatings
KW  - Impact
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - NDE
KW  - SiC/SiC composites
N1  - Accession Number: 29381919; Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 1; Email Address: Ramakrishna.T.Bhatt@nasa.gov Choi, Sung R. 2 Cosgriff, Laura M. 3 Fox, Dennis S. 4 Lee, Kang N. 5; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670, United States  3: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  5: Rolls-Royce Corporation, Indianapolis, IN 46206, United States; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 476 Issue 1/2, p8; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: PLASMA spraying; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: EBC coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC/SiC composites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.067
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Cosgriff, Laura M.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
T1  - Impact resistance of uncoated SiC/SiC composites
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 476
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 28
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Two-dimensional woven SiC/SiC composites fabricated by melt infiltration method were impact tested at room temperature and at 1316°C in air using 1.59-mm diameter steel-ball projectiles at velocities ranging from 115 to 400m/s. The extent of substrate damage with increasing projectile velocity was imaged and analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods such as pulsed thermography, and computed tomography. The impacted specimens were tensile tested at room temperature to determine their residual mechanical properties. Results indicate that at 115m/s projectile velocity, the composite showed no noticeable surface or internal damage and retained its as-fabricated mechanical properties. As the projectile velocity increased above this value, the internal damage increased and mechanical properties degraded. At velocities >300m/s, the projectile penetrated through the composite, but the composite retained ∼50% of the ultimate tensile strength of the as-fabricated composite and exhibited non-brittle failure. Predominant internal damages are delamination of fiber plies, fiber fracture and matrix shearing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - Impact
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - NDE
KW  - SiC/SiC composite
N1  - Accession Number: 29381920; Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 1; Email Address: Ramakrishna.T.Bhatt@nasa.gov Choi, Sung R. 2 Cosgriff, Laura M. 3 Fox, Dennis S. 4 Lee, Kang N. 5; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670, United States  3: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, United States  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  5: Rolls-Royce Corporation, Indianapolis, IN 46206, United States; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 476 Issue 1/2, p20; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC/SiC composite; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.04.066
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
T1  - Thermal properties of oxides with magnetoplumbite structure for advanced thermal barrier coatings
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2008/03/15/
VL  - 202
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2698
EP  - 2703
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: Oxides having magnetoplumbite structure are promising candidate materials for applications as high temperature thermal barrier coatings because of their high thermal stability, high thermal expansion, and low thermal conductivity. In this study, powders of LaMgAl11O19, GdMgAl11O19, SmMgAl11O19, and Gd0.7Yb0.3MgAl11O19 magnetoplumbite oxides were synthesized by citric acid sol–gel method and hot-pressed into disk specimens. The thermal expansion coefficients (CTE) of these oxide materials were measured from room temperature to 1500 °C. The average CTE value was found to be ∼9.6×10−6/C. Thermal conductivity of these magnetoplumbite-based oxide materials was also evaluated using steady-state laser heat flux test method. The effects of doping on thermal properties were also examined. Thermal conductivity of the doped Gd0.7Yb0.3MgAl11O19 composition was found to be lower than that of the undoped GdMgAl11O19. In contrast, thermal expansion coefficient was found to be independent of the oxide composition and appears to be controlled by the magnetoplumbite crystal structure. Preliminary results of thermal conductivity testing at 1600 °C for LaMgAl11O19 and LaMnAl11O19 magnetoplumbite oxide coatings plasma-sprayed on NiCrAlY/Rene N5 superalloy substrates are also presented. The plasma-sprayed coatings did not sinter even at temperatures as high as 1600 °C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - THIN films
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - Doping
KW  - Magnetoplumbite oxides
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
KW  - Thermal conductivity
KW  - Thermal expansion
N1  - Accession Number: 30016561; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: Narottam.P.Bansal@nasa.gov Zhu, Dongming 2; Affiliation:  1: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 202 Issue 12, p2698; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetoplumbite oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal expansion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2007.09.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Del Castillo, Carlos E.
AU  - Miller, Richard L.
T1  - On the use of ocean color remote sensing to measure the transport of dissolved organic carbon by the Mississippi River Plume
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/03/18/
VL  - 112
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 836
EP  - 844
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We investigated the use of ocean color remote sensing to measure the transport of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by the Mississippi River to the Gulf of Mexico. From 2000 to 2005 we recorded surface measurements of DOC, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), salinity, and water-leaving radiances during five cruises to the Mississippi River Plume. These measurements were used to develop empirical relationships to derive DOC, CDOM, and salinity from monthly composites of SeaWiFS imagery collected from 1998 through 2005. We compared our remote sensing estimates of river flow and DOC transport with data collected by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) from 1998 through 2005. Our remote sensing estimates of river flow and DOC transport correlated well (r 2 ∼0.70) with the USGS data. Our remote sensing estimates and USGS field data showed low variability in DOC concentrations in the river end-member (7–11%), and high seasonal variability in river flow (∼50%). Therefore, changes in river flow control the variability in DOC transport, indicating that the remote sensing estimate of river flow is the most critical element of our DOC transport measurement. We concluded that it is possible to use this method to estimate DOC transport by other large rivers if there are data on the relationship between CDOM, DOC, and salinity in the river plume. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN color
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - SEAWATER -- Organic compound content
KW  - STREAMFLOW
KW  - GEOLOGICAL surveys
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - MISSISSIPPI River
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - CDOM
KW  - DOC
KW  - Mississippi River
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - River transport
KW  - SeaWiFS
N1  - Accession Number: 30789149; Del Castillo, Carlos E. 1; Email Address: carlos.del.castillo@jhuapl.edu Miller, Richard L. 2; Affiliation:  1: The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, USA; Source Info: Mar2008, Vol. 112 Issue 3, p836; Subject Term: OCEAN color; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SALINITY; Subject Term: SEAWATER -- Organic compound content; Subject Term: STREAMFLOW; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL surveys; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: MISSISSIPPI River; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: CDOM; Author-Supplied Keyword: DOC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mississippi River; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean color; Author-Supplied Keyword: River transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: SeaWiFS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2007.06.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hubbard, S. M.
AU  - Cress, C. D.
AU  - Bailey, C. G.
AU  - Raffaelle, R. P.
AU  - Bailey, S. G.
AU  - Wilt, D. M.
T1  - Effect of strain compensation on quantum dot enhanced GaAs solar cells.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/03/24/
VL  - 92
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 123512
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - GaP tensile strain compensation (SC) layers were introduced into GaAs solar cells enhanced with a five layer stack of InAs quantum dots (QDs). One sun air mass zero illuminated current-voltage curves show that SC results in improved conversion efficiency and reduced dark current. The strain compensated QD solar cell shows a slight increase in short circuit current compared to a baseline GaAs cell due to sub-GaAs bandgap absorption by the InAs QD. Quantum efficiency and electroluminescence were also measured and provide further insight to the improvements due to SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide solar cells
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - ELECTROLUMINESCENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 31554084; Hubbard, S. M. 1; Email Address: smhsps@rit.edu Cress, C. D. 1 Bailey, C. G. 1 Raffaelle, R. P. 1 Bailey, S. G. 2 Wilt, D. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Nanopower Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623, USA  2: Photovoltaic and Power Technologies Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 3/24/2008, Vol. 92 Issue 12, p123512; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide solar cells; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2903699
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herring, G. C.
AU  - Popović, S.
T1  - Microwave air breakdown enhanced with metallic initiators.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/03/31/
VL  - 92
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 131501
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We have determined X-band (9.4 GHz) electric field strengths required to obtain air breakdown at atmospheric pressure in the presence of metallic initiators, which are irradiated with repetitive (30 pulses/s) microwave pulses of 3 μs duration and 200 kW peak power. Using a half-wavelength initiator, a factor of 40 reduction (compared to no initiator) was observed in the electric field required to achieve breakdown. The present measurements are compared to a previously published model for air breakdown, which was originally validated with S-band (3 GHz) frequencies and single 40 μs pulses. We find good agreement between this previous model and our present measurements of breakdown with X-band frequencies and repetitive 3 μs pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - PHYSICS research
N1  - Accession Number: 31695985; Herring, G. C. 1; Email Address: gregory.c.herring@nasa.gov Popović, S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  2: Department of Physics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA; Source Info: 3/31/2008, Vol. 92 Issue 13, p131501; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: PHYSICS research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2897308
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dick, Steven
T1  - The postbiological universe
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 62
IS  - 8/9
M3  - Article
SP  - 499
EP  - 504
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The Drake Equation for the number of radio communicative technological civilizations in the Galaxy encompasses three components of cosmic evolution: astronomical, biological and cultural. Of these three, cultural evolution totally dominates in terms of the rapidity of its effects. Yet, SETI scientists do not take cultural evolution into account, perhaps for understandable reasons, since cultural evolution is not well-understood even on Earth and is unpredictable in its outcome. Thus SETI programs typically assume the existence of flesh-and-blood intelligence considerably older than our civilization, a paradigm part of what I have termed the biological universe [S.J. Dick, The Biological Universe: The Twentieth Century Extraterrestrial Life Debate and the Limits of Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996]. Yet, the one certainty for technical civilizations billions, millions, or even thousands of years older than ours is that they will have undergone cultural evolution. Cultural evolution takes place in many directions, but in sorting priorities I adopt what I refer to as the Intelligence Principle: the maintenance, improvement and perpetuation of knowledge and intelligence is the central driving force of cultural evolution, and that to the extent intelligence can be improved, it will be improved. Applying this principle to life in the universe, extraterrestrials will have sought the best way to improve their intelligence, and may have long ago advanced beyond flesh-and-blood to artificial intelligence, constituting a postbiological universe. MacGowan and Ordway [Intelligence in the Universe, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1966], Davies [Are We Alone? Philosophical Implications of the Discovery of Extraterrestrial Life, New York, Basic Books, 1995, pp. 51–55] and Shostak [Sharing the Universe: Perspectives on Extraterrestrial Life, Berkeley Hills, Berkeley, CA, 1998, pp. 103–109] have broached this subject, but it has not been given the attention it is due from its foundation in cultural evolution. Nor has the idea of a postbiological universe been carried to its logical conclusion, including a careful analysis of the implications for SETI. SETI scientists, social scientists, and experts in AI (such as Hans Moravec, who has spoken of a postbiological Earth in the next several generations) should consider the strengths and weaknesses of this new paradigm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO (Medium)
KW  - COMMUNICATION & technology
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - BIOLOGY
KW  - CULTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 31399628; Dick, Steven 1; Email Address: Steven.j.Dick@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Headquarters, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 62 Issue 8/9, p499; Subject Term: RADIO (Medium); Subject Term: COMMUNICATION & technology; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: BIOLOGY; Subject Term: CULTURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515111 Radio Networks; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.01.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palumbo, Dan
T1  - Deriving Lifetime Maps of Coherent Structures in the Turbulent Boundary Layer.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 810
EP  - 810
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The lifetimes of coherent structures are derived from data correlated over a three-sensor array sampling streamwise sidewall pressure at high Reynolds number (>108). The data were acquired at subsonic, transonic, and supersonic speeds aboard a Tupolev Tu-144. The lifetimes are computed from a variant of the correlation length termed the lifelength. Characteristic lifelengths are estimated by fitting a Gaussian distribution to the sensors' cross spectra and are shown to compare favorably with Efimtsov's prediction of correlation space scales. Lifelength distributions are computed in the time/frequency domain using an interval correlation technique on the continuous wavelet transform of the original time data. The median values of the lifelength distributions are found to be very close to the frequency-averaged result. The interval correlation technique is shown to allow the retrieval and inspection of the original time data of each event in the lifelength distributions, thus providing a means to locate and study the nature of the coherent structure in the turbulent boundary layer. The lifelength data are converted to lifetimes using the convection velocity. The lifetime of events in the time/frequency domain are displayed in lifetime maps. The primary purpose of the paper is to validate these new analysis techniques so that they can be used with confidence to further characterize the behavior of coherent structures in the turbulent boundary layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 56632543; Palumbo, Dan 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p810; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30644
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helenbrook, Brian T.
AU  - Atkins, H. L.
T1  - Solving Discontinuous Galerkin Formulations of Poisson's Equation Using Geometric and p Multigrid.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 894
EP  - 894
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Methods for solving discontinuous Galerkin formulations of the Poisson equation by coupling p multigrid to geometric multigrid are investigated. The simple approach of performing iterative relaxation on solution approximations of decreasing polynomial degree p down to p = 0 and then applying geometric multigrid is ineffective. The transition from p = 1 to p = 0 causes the performance of the entire iteration to degrade because the long wavelength eigenfunctions of the p = 1 discontinuous system are not represented well in the p = 0 space. A new approach is proposed that coarsens from the p = 1 discontinuous space to the p = 1 continuous space. This approach eliminates the problems caused by the p = 1 to p = 0 transition. Furthermore, the p = 1 continuous space is a standard finite element space for which geometric multigrid is well-defined. In addition, when the discontinuous Galerkin equations are restricted to a continuous space, one recovers the Galerkin formulation of continuous finite elements. Thus, applying geometric multigrid to this system is straightforward and effective. Numerical tests agree well with the analysis and confirm that the new approach gives rapid convergence rates that are grid-independent and only weakly sensitive to the polynomial order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - POISSON'S equation
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
N1  - Accession Number: 56632544; Helenbrook, Brian T. 1; Email Address: helenbrk@clarkson.edu Atkins, H. L. 2; Email Address: Harold.L.Atkins@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5725  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p894; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: POISSON'S equation; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.31163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryce, Daniel
AU  - Kambhampati, Subbarao
AU  - Smith, David E.
T1  - Sequential Monte Carlo in reachability heuristics for probabilistic planning
JO  - Artificial Intelligence
JF  - Artificial Intelligence
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 172
IS  - 6/7
M3  - Article
SP  - 685
EP  - 715
SN  - 00043702
AB  - Abstract: Some of the current best conformant probabilistic planners focus on finding a fixed length plan with maximal probability. While these approaches can find optimal solutions, they often do not scale for large problems or plan lengths. As has been shown in classical planning, heuristic search outperforms bounded length search (especially when an appropriate plan length is not given a priori). The problem with applying heuristic search in probabilistic planning is that effective heuristics are as yet lacking. In this work, we apply heuristic search to conformant probabilistic planning by adapting planning graph heuristics developed for non-deterministic planning. We evaluate a straight-forward application of these planning graph techniques, which amounts to exactly computing a distribution over many relaxed planning graphs (one planning graph for each joint outcome of uncertain actions at each time step). Computing this distribution is costly, so we apply Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) to approximate it. One important issue that we explore in this work is how to automatically determine the number of samples required for effective heuristic computation. We empirically demonstrate on several domains how our efficient, but sometimes suboptimal, approach enables our planner to solve much larger problems than an existing optimal bounded length probabilistic planner and still find reasonable quality solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Intelligence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - OPERATIONS research
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - Heuristics
KW  - Planning
N1  - Accession Number: 28753348; Bryce, Daniel 1; Email Address: bryce@ai.sri.com Kambhampati, Subbarao 2 Smith, David E. 3; Affiliation:  1: SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA  2: Arizona State University, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Brickyard Suite 501, 699 South Mill Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, MS 269-2 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 172 Issue 6/7, p685; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: OPERATIONS research; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: HEURISTIC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heuristics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.artint.2007.10.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dirk  Schulze-Makuch
AU  - Carol  Turse
AU  - Joop M.  Houtkooper
AU  - Christopher P.  McKay
T1  - Testing the H2O2-H2O Hypothesis for Life on Mars with the TEGA Instrument on the Phoenix Lander.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 214
SN  - 15311074
AB  - ABSTRACTIn the time since the Viking life-detection experiments were conducted on Mars, many missions have enhanced our knowledge about the environmental conditions on the Red Planet. However, the martian surface chemistry and the Viking lander results remain puzzling. Nonbiological explanations that favor a strong inorganic oxidant are currently favored (e.g., Mancinelli, 1989; Plumb et al., 1989; Quinn and Zent, 1999; Klein, 1999; Yen et al., 2000), but problems remain regarding the lifetime, source, and abundance of that oxidant to account for the Viking observations (Zent and McKay, 1994). Alternatively, a hypothesis that favors the biological origin of a strong oxidizer has recently been advanced (Houtkooper and Schulze-Makuch, 2007). Here, we report on laboratory experiments that simulate the experiments to be conducted by the Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer (TEGA) instrument of the Phoenix lander, which is to descend on Mars in May 2008. Our experiments provide a baseline for an unbiased test for chemical versus biological responses, which can be applied at the time the Phoenix lander transmits its first results from the martian surface. Astrobiology 8, 205–214. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - BIOLOGICAL response modifiers
KW  - OXIDATION
N1  - Accession Number: 32786655; Dirk  Schulze-Makuch 1 Carol  Turse 1 Joop M.  Houtkooper 2 Christopher P.  McKay 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington.  2: Center of Psychobiology and Behavioral Medicine, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p205; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL response modifiers; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joel  Levine
AU  - James  Garvin
T1  - Session 5. Astrobiology and the Human Exploration of Mars.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 310
EP  - 312
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786671; Joel  Levine 1 James  Garvin 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p310; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orlando  Santos
T1  - Session 6. Astrobiology Missions on Small Satellites, Sounding Rockets, and Balloons.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 313
EP  - 315
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786670; Orlando  Santos 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p313; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marilyn  Vogel
AU  - Linda  Jahnke
T1  - Session 9. Certified Organic: Astrobiology and the Latest Developments in Organic Geochemistry, Biochemistry, and Organic Assays.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 330
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786649; Marilyn  Vogel 1 Linda  Jahnke 2; Affiliation:  1: Oak Ridge Associated University/NASA Postdoctoral Program, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p327; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrew  Pohorille
T1  - Session 10. Chemical and Biological Determinants of Habitability.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 331
EP  - 334
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786689; Andrew  Pohorille 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p331; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - John  Rummel
AU  - Tori  Hoehler
AU  - Jennifer  Eigenbrode
T1  - Session 14. Earth Analog Studies for Astobiology: ASTEP and Beyond.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 347
EP  - 355
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786690; John  Rummel 1 Tori  Hoehler 2 Jennifer  Eigenbrode 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Headquarters, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p347; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Margaret  Race
AU  - Chris  McKay
AU  - Andrew  Steele
T1  - Session 26. Mars Sample Return Planning Issues.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 420
EP  - 421
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786675; Margaret  Race 1 Chris  McKay 2 Andrew  Steele 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  3: Carnegie Institution of Washington, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p420; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jack  Farmer
AU  - David Des  Marais
T1  - Session 29. The New Mars: Habitability of a Neighbor World.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 431
EP  - 436
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786664; Jack  Farmer 1 David Des  Marais 2; Affiliation:  1: Arizona State University, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p431; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charles  Beichman
AU  - Tom  Greene
T1  - Session 31. Spectra of Asteroid Belts, Kuiper Belts, and Giant Planets.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 442
EP  - 443
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786679; Charles  Beichman 1 Tom  Greene 2; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p442; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David  Deamer
AU  - Andrew  Pohorille
T1  - Session 34. Synthetic Cells and Life's Origins.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 453
EP  - 455
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786647; David  Deamer 1 Andrew  Pohorille 2; Affiliation:  1: University of California Santa Cruz, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p453; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - W.T.  Sullivan
AU  - David  Morrison
T1  - Session 35. Teaching Astrobiology to Undergraduate and Graduate Students.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 456
EP  - 460
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786685; W.T.  Sullivan 1 David  Morrison 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Washington  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p456; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alexander  Pavlov
AU  - Chris  McKay
T1  - Session 36. Water and Life: Redefining the Habitable Zone of Terrestrial Planets.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 461
EP  - 463
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 32786657; Alexander  Pavlov 1 Chris  McKay 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Arizona, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p461; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phillips, Grace
AU  - Sandford, Scott
AU  - Foley, Howard
AU  - Bakich, Michael E.
AU  - Fizbit, Fatima
AU  - Layton, Laura
AU  - Gampetro, Jim
AU  - Dedeo, Simon
AU  - Willis, Patricia
AU  - Williams, James
T1  - ASK ASTRO.
JO  - Astronomy
JF  - Astronomy
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 36
IS  - 4
M3  - Question & Answer
SP  - 56
EP  - 57
PB  - Kalmbach Publishing Co.
SN  - 00916358
AB  - The article presents questions and answers related to astronomy including the mission of the Stardust spacecraft, the purchase of telescope equipment, and the theory of panspermia.
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - ORIGIN of life
N1  - Accession Number: 31141867; Phillips, Grace Sandford, Scott 1 Foley, Howard Bakich, Michael E. Fizbit, Fatima Layton, Laura Gampetro, Jim Dedeo, Simon 2 Willis, Patricia Williams, James 3; Affiliation:  1: Stardust Co-Investigator, NASA-Ames Research Center  2: Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago  3: Stardust Science Team, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 36 Issue 4, p56; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: ORIGIN of life; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Question & Answer; Full Text Word Count: 1005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chambers, L. H.
AU  - Alston, E. J.
AU  - Phelps, C. S.
AU  - Moore, S. W.
AU  - Diones, D. D.
AU  - Oots, P. C.
AU  - Fischer, J. D.
AU  - Mims III, F. M.
T1  - THE MY NASA DATA PROJECT.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 442
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article provides information on MY NASA DATA Project, approach to making exploration of authentic Earth system science data accessible to larger communities. It is said that the growth in users since the inception of the project reaches more than 12,000 distinct users each month. MY NASA DATA provides example lesson plans that illustrate how some specific microsets can be used to teach standards aligned topics in addition to microsets and documentation. A mentor network is available via e-mail for consultation on questions related to MY NASA DATA.
KW  - EARTH sciences -- Study & teaching
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - LESSON planning
KW  - TEACHING
KW  - DOCUMENTATION
KW  - EARTH science projects
KW  - COMMUNITY relations
KW  - COMMUNITY support
N1  - Accession Number: 31967610; Chambers, L. H. 1; Email Address: l.h.chambers@iarc.nasa.gov Alston, E. J. 1 Phelps, C. S. 2 Moore, S. W. 2 Diones, D. D. 2 Oots, P. C. 2 Fischer, J. D. 2 Mims III, F. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  3: Geronimo Creek Observatory, Seguin, Texas; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 89 Issue 4, p437; Subject Term: EARTH sciences -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: INFORMATION services; Subject Term: LESSON planning; Subject Term: TEACHING; Subject Term: DOCUMENTATION; Subject Term: EARTH science projects; Subject Term: COMMUNITY relations; Subject Term: COMMUNITY support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-437
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Creilson, John K.
AU  - Pippin, Margaret R.
AU  - Henderson, Bryana L.
AU  - Ladd, Irene H.
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Votápková, Dana
AU  - Krpcová, Ilona
T1  - SURFACE OZONE MEASURED AT GLOBE SCHOOLS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC: A Demonstration of the Importance of Student Contribution to the Larger Science Picture.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 89
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 505
EP  - 514
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE) is a worldwide, hands-on, primary and secondary school-based education and science program, which is developed to give students a chance to perform real science by making measurements, analyzing data, and participating in research through collaboration with scientists. As part of the GLOBE Surface Ozone Protocol, and with the assistance of the TEREZA Association in the Czech Republic, schools in the Czech Republic have been making and reporting daily measurements of surface ozone and surface meteorological data since 2001. Using a hand-held ozone monitor developed for GLOBE, students at several Czech schools have generated multiyear data records of surface ozone from 2001 to 2005. Analysis of the data shows that surface ozone levels were anomalously high during the summer of 2003 relative to other summers. These findings are consistent with the measurements of the European Environment Agency, which highlight the summer of 2003 as having exceptionally long-lasting and spatially extensive episodes of high surface ozone, especially during the first half of August. Further analysis of the summer's prevailing meteorology shows not only that it was one of the hottest on record, a finding also seen in the student data, but the conditions for production of ozone were ideal. Findings such as these increase student, teacher, and scientist confidence in the utility of the GLOBE data for engaging budding scientists in the collection, analysis, and eventual interpretation of the data for inquiry-based education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDUCATION
KW  - SCHOOLS
KW  - STUDENTS
KW  - OZONE
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Study & teaching
KW  - CZECH Republic
N1  - Accession Number: 31967619; Creilson, John K. 1; Email Address: john.k.creilson@nasa.gov Pippin, Margaret R. 2 Henderson, Bryana L. 3 Ladd, Irene H. 2 Fishman, Jack 2 Votápková, Dana 4 Krpcová, Ilona 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: TEREZA Association, Prague, Czech Republic; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 89 Issue 4, p505; Subject Term: EDUCATION; Subject Term: SCHOOLS; Subject Term: STUDENTS; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: CZECH Republic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611710 Educational Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923110 Administration of Education Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611699 All Other Miscellaneous Schools and Instruction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611110 Elementary and Secondary Schools; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-505
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferrick, M.G.
AU  - Mulherin, N.D.
AU  - Haehnel, R.B.
AU  - Coutermarsh, B.A.
AU  - Durell, G.D.
AU  - Tantillo, T.J.
AU  - Curtis, L.A.
AU  - Clair, T.L. St.
AU  - Weiser, E.S.
AU  - Cano, R.J.
AU  - Smith, T.M.
AU  - Martinez, E.C.
T1  - Evaluation of ice release coatings at cryogenic temperature for the space shuttle
JO  - Cold Regions Science & Technology
JF  - Cold Regions Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 224
EP  - 243
SN  - 0165232X
AB  - Abstract: The brackets that secure the liquid oxygen feed line to the external tank are known locations of frost and ice growth during the pre-launch period following fuel loading. This experimental program quantified the reduction in adhesion that resulted when ice phobic coatings were applied to test coupons that simulated the bracket surface. Double lap shear testing of coated and uncoated coupons provided robust test specimens and consistent load response patterns with exceptional resolution. Ice was grown as strong and consistently as possible for these tests and then subjected to temperature decreases comparable to those of the bracket. All tests were conducted at a constant temperature of −112 °C (−170 °F) and included uncoated controls with each group of samples. The program evolved in three phases. Phase 1 evaluated a wide range of coatings, and showed that Rain-X mixed with MP-55 powdered Teflon (RXM) was an outstanding coating to reduce ice adhesion to Koropon coated aluminum. Coating material retained on the ice surface following each test indicated failure in the coating and the potential for loss of effectiveness with repeated ice formation and release. Phase 2 evaluated modifications to RXM that might enhance durability while maintaining effectiveness. However, the modified mixtures did not improve coating durability or ice release. Phase 3 focused on the effects of mixing method, cure time, wiping off of excess coating, and coating resistance to weathering by water. A progressive coating loss again occurred through repeat test cycles, but performance generally improved. Results also indicated that cure times longer than 1.5 h prior to coating disturbance are needed for optimal performance. The MP-55 remaining on coupon surfaces after 3 cycles of testing and on one untested coupon from the same group was measured with XPS. The tested coupons retained slightly less MP-55 than the untested coupon, confirming the loss of coating. Contact angle analysis of these same coupons showed that the hydrophobic performance of the tested surfaces was largely preserved. Scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectroscopy elemental map indicated that the MP-55 was evenly dispersed throughout the coated surface, and abrasive wiping did not remove a significant portion of the Teflon. Test results suggest follow-up studies to refine the optimal coating formulation, mixing and application procedures, and understanding of reaction processes, cure time, and coating durability. Double lap shear testing and XPS analysis can quantify ice adhesion and coating profile thickness changes with cycling, and is capable of resolving these remaining issues. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cold Regions Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE navigation
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - LIQUID oxygen
KW  - Cryogenic temperatures
KW  - Double lap shear testing
KW  - Ice adhesion
KW  - Ice phobic coatings
KW  - Space shuttle
N1  - Accession Number: 31302856; Ferrick, M.G. 1; Email Address: michael.g.ferrick@erdc.usace.army.mil Mulherin, N.D. 1 Haehnel, R.B. 1 Coutermarsh, B.A. 1 Durell, G.D. 1 Tantillo, T.J. 1 Curtis, L.A. 2 Clair, T.L. St. 3 Weiser, E.S. 4 Cano, R.J. 4 Smith, T.M. 5 Martinez, E.C. 6; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, United States  2: NASA Engineering and Safety Center, MSFC, AL, United States  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, United States  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  5: NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, KSC, FL, United States  6: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, MSFC, AL, United States; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p224; Subject Term: ICE navigation; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: LIQUID oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Double lap shear testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice adhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice phobic coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space shuttle; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.coldregions.2007.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hays, Michael D.
AU  - Beck, Lee
AU  - Barfield, Pamela
AU  - Lavrich, Richard J.
AU  - Yuanji Dong
AU  - Wal, Randy L. Vander
T1  - Physical and Chemical Characterization of Residential Oil Boiler Emissions.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/04//4/1/2008
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2496
EP  - 2502
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - The toxicity of emissions from the combustion of home heating oil coupled with the regional proximity and seasonal use of residential oil boilers (ROB) is an important public health concern. Yet scant physical and chemical information about the emissions from this source is available for climate and air quality modeling and for improving our understanding of aerosol-related human health effects. The gas- and particle-phase emissions from an active ROB firing distillate fuel oil (commonly known as diesel fuel) were evaluated to address this deficiency. Ion chromatography of impactor samples showed that the ultrafine ROB aerosol emissions were ∼45% (w/w) sulfate. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry detected various n-alkanes at trace levels, sometimes in accumulation mode particles, and out of phase with the size distributions of aerosol mass and sulfate. The carbonaceous matter in the ROB aerosol was primarily light-adsorbing elemental carbon. Gas chromatography-atomic emission spectroscopy measured a previously unrecognized organosulfur compound group in the ROB aerosol emissions. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy of ROB soot indicated the presence of a highly ordered primary particle nanostructure embedded in larger aggregates. Organic gas emissions were measured using EPA Methods TO-15 and TO-11A. The ROB emitted volatile oxygenates (8 mg/(kg of oil burned)) and olefins (5 mg/(kg of oil burned)) mostly unrelated to the base fuel composition. In the final analysis, the ROB tested was a source of numerous hazardous air pollutants as defined in the Clean Air Act Amendments. Approximations conducted using emissions data from the ROB tests show relatively low contributions to a regional- level anthropogenic emissions inventory for volitile organic compounds, PM2.5, and SO2 mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - PETROLEUM refining
KW  - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis
KW  - DIESEL fuels
KW  - ATOMIC emission spectroscopy
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - GAS chromatography
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 32130674; Hays, Michael D. 1; Email Address: hays.michael@epa.gov Beck, Lee 1 Barfield, Pamela 1 Lavrich, Richard J. 1 Yuanji Dong 2 Wal, Randy L. Vander 3; Affiliation:  1: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.  2: ARCADIS, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.  3: Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: 4/1/2008, Vol. 42 Issue 7, p2496; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: PETROLEUM refining; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; Subject Term: DIESEL fuels; Subject Term: ATOMIC emission spectroscopy; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: GAS chromatography; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: ALKANES; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 412110 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324190 Other petroleum and coal product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malin, Michael C.
AU  - Calvin, Wendy M.
AU  - Cantor, Bruce A.
AU  - Clancy, R. Todd
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - James, Philip B.
AU  - Thomas, Peter C.
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
AU  - Bell, James F.
AU  - Lee, Steven W.
T1  - Climate, weather, and north polar observations from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Mars Color Imager
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 194
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 512
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter observes Mars from a nearly circular, polar orbit. From this vantage point, the Mars Color Imager extends the ∼5 Mars years record of Mars Global Surveyor global, visible-wavelength multi-color observations of meteorological events and adds measurements at three additional visible and two ultraviolet wavelengths. Observations of the global distribution of ozone (which anti-correlates with water vapor) and water ice and dust clouds allow tracking of atmospheric circulation. Regional and local observations emphasize smaller scale atmospheric dynamics, especially those related to dust lifting and subsequent motion. Polar observations detail variations related to the polar heat budget, including changes in polar frosts and ices, and storms generated at high thermal contrast boundaries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - FROZEN desserts
KW  - NATURAL disasters
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL policy
KW  - atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - polar caps ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 31396974; Malin, Michael C. 1 Calvin, Wendy M. 2 Cantor, Bruce A. 1 Clancy, R. Todd 3 Haberle, Robert M. 4 James, Philip B. 5; Email Address: pjames@cableone.net Thomas, Peter C. 5 Wolff, Michael J. 3 Bell, James F. 6 Lee, Steven W. 3,7; Affiliation:  1: Malin Space Science Systems, P.O. Box 910149, San Diego, CA 92191, USA  2: University of Nevada, Reno, Department of Geological Sciences, Reno, NV 89557, USA  3: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut St., Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Cornell University, Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  6: Cornell University, Department of Astronomy, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  7: Denver Museum of Nature and Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, CO 80205, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 194 Issue 2, p501; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: FROZEN desserts; Subject Term: NATURAL disasters; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: polar caps ( Mars ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311814 Commercial bakeries and frozen bakery product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311520 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.10.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chambers, Lindsey S.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Asphaug, Erik
AU  - Colwell, Joshua
AU  - Sugita, Seiji
T1  - Hydrodynamical and radiative transfer modeling of meteoroid impacts into Saturn's rings
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 194
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 635
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: In a small hypervelocity impact, superheated gas and particles glow brightly with thermal emission for a brief time interval at short wavelengths; this phenomenon is referred to as an impact flash. Over the past decade, impact flashes have been observed on the Moon and in the laboratory in both the IR and visible portions of the spectrum. These phenomena have been used to constrain impactor parameters, such as impact size, velocity and composition. With the arrival of the Cassini spacecraft at Saturn, we embarked on a study of impact flashes in Saturn''s rings. We present results on the feasibility of observing impact flashes and therefore estimating the flux of meteoroids impacting Saturn''s rings using Cassini''s Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS). Our modeling effort is two-fold. We start by simulating impacts using the CTH hydrodynamical code. Impacts involve an icy ring particle and a serpentine meteoroid, modeled with the ANEOS equation of state. The objects are centimeters to meters in diameter and collide at 30 to 50 km s−1. We then use the resulting temperatures and densities of the impact plumes in a radiative transfer calculation. We calculate bound–free, free–free, electron scattering and negative ion opacities along a line-of-sight through the center of each impact plume. Our model has shown that impact flashes will not be seen with the UVIS because (1) the plumes are optically thick when their central temperatures are high, with photosphere temperatures too cool to emit observable UV flux and (2) when the plumes become optically thin, even the hottest region of the plume is too cool to observe in the UV. This corroborates the lack of UVIS impact flash detections to date. Impact flashes are not likely to be seen by other Cassini instruments because of the short lifetimes of the plumes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - COOLING
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 31396982; Chambers, Lindsey S. 1; Email Address: lchambers@pmc.ucsc.edu Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 2 Asphaug, Erik 1 Colwell, Joshua 3 Sugita, Seiji 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2385, USA  4: Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Frontier Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 194 Issue 2, p623; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarellos, José Luis
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
AU  - Hamill, Patrick
T1  - Transfer of mass from Io to Europa and beyond due to cometary impacts
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 194
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 636
EP  - 646
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We simulate the production and orbital evolution of escaping ejecta due to cometary impacts on Io. The model includes the four Galilean satellites, Amalthea, Thebe, Jupiter''s gravitational moments, Saturn and the Sun. Five scenarios are examined: an impact at the apex, the sub-jovian point, the anti-jovian point, the antapex, and at the south pole of Io. We estimate that on average a cometary impact injects thrice its mass (in the form of Io surface material) into jovicentric orbit. The majority of the escaping debris comes back to Io, but a sizeable fraction (between 5.0 and 8.7%) manages to reach Europa, and a smaller fraction Ganymede (between 1.5 and 4.6%). Smaller fractions reached Amalthea Thebe, Callisto, and Jupiter itself. For million year time scales, the mass transfer to Europa is estimated as . The median time for transfer of ejecta from Io to Europa is ∼56 years. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Europa
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Io
N1  - Accession Number: 31396983; Alvarellos, José Luis 1; Email Address: alvarellos.jose@ssd.loral.com Zahnle, Kevin J. 2 Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 3 Hamill, Patrick 4; Affiliation:  1: Space Systems/Loral, 3825 Fabian Way, MS G-76, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Department of Physics, San José State University, San José, CA 95192, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 194 Issue 2, p636; Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Europa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Alvarellos, Jose L.
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony
AU  - Hamill, Patrick
T1  - Secondary and sesquinary craters on Europa
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 194
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 660
EP  - 674
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We address impact cratering on Io and Europa, with the emphasis on the origin of small craters on Europa as secondary to the primary impacts of comets on Io, Europa, and Ganymede. In passing we also address the origin of secondary craters generated by Zunil, a well-studied impact crater on Mars that is a plausible analog to impact craters on Io. At nominal impact rates, and taking volcanic resurfacing into account, we find that there should be 1.3 impact craters on Io, equally likely to be of any diameter between 100 m and 20 km. The corresponding model age of Europa''s surface is between 60 and 100 Ma. This range of ages does not include a factor three uncertainty stemming from the uncertain sizes and numbers of comets. The mass of basaltic impact ejecta from Io to reach Europa is found to meet or exceed the micrometeoroid flux as a source of rock-forming elements to Europa''s ice crust. To describe impact ejecta in more detail we adapt models for impact-generated spalls and Grady–Kipp fragments originally developed by Melosh. Our model successfully reproduces the observed size-number distributions of small craters on both Mars and Europa. However, the model predicts that a significant fraction of the 200–500 m diameter craters on Europa are not traditional secondary craters but are instead sesquinary craters caused by impact ejecta from Io that had gone into orbit about Jupiter. This prediction is not supported by observation, which implies that high speed spalls usually break up into smaller fragments that make smaller sesquinary craters. Iogenic basalts are also interesting because they provide stratigraphic horizons on Europa that in principle could be used to track historic motions of the ice, and they provide materials suitable to radiometric dating of Europa''s surface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - ICE
KW  - CRATERING
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Europa
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Io
KW  - satellites ( Jupiter )
N1  - Accession Number: 31396985; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin.j.zahnle@nasa.gov Alvarellos, Jose L. 2 Dobrovolskis, Anthony 3 Hamill, Patrick 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Space Systems/Loral, 3825 Fabian Way, M/S G76, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA  3: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 194 Issue 2, p660; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: CRATERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Europa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Jupiter ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.10.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, C.M.
AU  - Young, E.F.
AU  - Chanover, N.J.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - HST spectral imaging of Titan's haze and methane profile between 0.6 and 1 μm during the 2000 opposition
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 194
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 721
EP  - 745
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We report on the analysis of high spatial resolution visible to near-infrared spectral images of Titan at in November 2000, obtained with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph instrument on board the Hubble Space Telescope as part of program GO-8580. We employ a radiative transfer fractal particle aerosol model with a Bayesian parameter estimation routine that computes Titan''s absolute reflectivity per pixel for 122 wavelengths by modeling the vertical distribution of the lower atmosphere haze and tropospheric methane. Analysis of these data suggests that Titan''s haze concentration in the lower atmosphere varies in strength with latitude. We find Titan''s tropospheric methane profile to be fairly consistent with latitude and longitude, and we find evidence for local areas of a CH4–N2 binary saturation in Titan''s troposphere. Our results suggest that a methane and haze profile at one location on Titan would not be representative of global conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANURE gases
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - structure ( Atmospheres )
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 31396990; Anderson, C.M. 1; Email Address: carrie.anderson@gsfc.nasa.gov Young, E.F. 2 Chanover, N.J. 3 McKay, C.P. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Department of Space Sciences, Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Box 30001/Dept. 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA  4: NASA/Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 194 Issue 2, p721; Subject Term: MANURE gases; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ALKANES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: structure ( Atmospheres ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nna-Mvondo, Delphine
AU  - Khare, Bishun
AU  - Ishihara, Tomoko
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Experimental impact shock chemistry on planetary icy satellites
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 194
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 822
EP  - 835
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present new experimental results on impact shock chemistry into icy satellites of the outer planets. Icy mixtures of pure water ice with CO2, Na2CO3, CH3OH, and CH3OH/(NH4)2SO4 at 77 K were ablated with a powerful pulsed laser—a new technique used to simulate shock processes which can occur during impacts. New products were identified by GC-MS and FTIR analyses after laser ablation. Our results show that hydrogen peroxide is formed in irradiated H2O/CO2 ices with a final concentration of 0.23%. CO and CH3OH were also detected as main products. The laser ablation of frozen H2O/Na2CO3 generates only CO and CO2 as destruction products from the salt. Pulsed irradiation of water ice containing methanol leads also to the formation of CO and CO2, generates methane and more complex molecules containing carbonyl groups like acetaldehyde, acetone, methyl formate, and a diether, dimethyl formal. The last three compounds are also produced when adding ammonium sulfate to H2O/CH3OH ice, but acetone is more abundant. The formation of two hydrocarbons, CH4 and C2H6 is observed as well as the production of three nitrogen compounds, nitrous oxide, hydrogen cyanide, and acetonitrile. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - FROZEN desserts
KW  - LASERS
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - Ices
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 31396997; Nna-Mvondo, Delphine 1; Email Address: nnamvondod@inta.es Khare, Bishun 1,2 Ishihara, Tomoko 1,2 McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 194 Issue 2, p822; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: FROZEN desserts; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311814 Commercial bakeries and frozen bakery product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311520 Ice Cream and Frozen Dessert Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311813 Frozen Cakes, Pies, and Other Pastries Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31396997&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coyne, Joseph T.
AU  - Baldwin, Carryl L.
AU  - Latorella, Kara A.
T1  - Pilot Weather Assessment: Implications for Visual Flight Rules Flight Into Instrument Meteorological Conditions.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 166
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Visual flight rules flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) account for over 10% of the fatalities in general aviation. Evidence suggests that pilots' assessments of weather conditions are related to their decision to continue. This study investigated pilots' ability to assess ceiling and visibility in a flight simulator. Assessment accuracy did not differ between instrument- and non-instrument-rated pilots for ceiling accuracy, but visibility accuracy was better for non-instrument-rated pilots. The data indicated pilots allowed their estimates of ceiling and visibility to influence each other. That is, pilots tended to judge a ceiling to be higher than it actually was when it was paired with a high visibility. This interaction may play a significant role in pilots' decisions to continue into IMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - SYNTHETIC training devices
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - FLIGHT simulators
KW  - FLIGHT training
N1  - Accession Number: 31563533; Coyne, Joseph T. 1; Email Address: coyne@itd.nrl.navy.mil Baldwin, Carryl L. 2 Latorella, Kara A. 3; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC.  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA.; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p153; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC training devices; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: FLIGHT simulators; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410801926756
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31563533&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, Wenying
AU  - Dutton, Ellsworth
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
AU  - Wiscombe, Warren
T1  - Performance of Commercial Radiometers in Very Low Temperature and Pressure Environments Typical of Polar Regions and of the Stratosphere: A Laboratory Study.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 558
EP  - 569
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Characterizing the performance of ground-based commercial radiometers in cold and/or low-pressure environments is critical for developing accurate flux measurements in the polar regions and in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Commercially available broadband radiometers have a stated operational temperature range of, typically, -20° to +50°C. Within this range, their temperature dependencies of sensitivities change less than 1%. But for deployments on high-altitude platforms or in polar regions, which can be much colder than -20°C, information on temperature dependency of sensitivity is not always available. In this paper, the temperature dependencies of sensitivities of popular pyranometers and pyrgeometers manufactured by Kipp and Zonen were tested in a thermal-vacuum chamber. When their body temperature is lowered to -60°C, pyranometer sensitivity drops by 4%–6% from the factory-default specification. Pyrgeometer sensitivity increases by 13% from the factory-default specification during a similar temperature change. When the chamber pressure is lowered from 830 to 6 hPa, the sensitivity decreases by about 2% for the pyranometer, and increases by about 2% for the pyrgeometer. Note that these temperature and pressure dependencies of sensitivities are specific for the instruments that were tested and should not be applied to others. These findings show that for measurements suitable for climate studies, it is crucial to characterize temperature and/or pressure effects on radiometer sensitivity for deployments on high-altitude platforms and in polar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - LOWS (Meteorology)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - POLAR regions
N1  - Accession Number: 31735691; Su, Wenying 1; Email Address: wenying.su-1@nasa.gov Dutton, Ellsworth 2 Charlock, Thomas P. 3 Wiscombe, Warren 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: Global Monitoring Division, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p558; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: LOWS (Meteorology); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: POLAR regions; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 6 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JTECHA1005.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Parker, Lindsay
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part IV: Boundary Layer Cloud Objects during 1998 El Niño.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 21
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1500
EP  - 1521
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Three boundary layer cloud object types—overcast, stratocumulus, and cumulus—that occurred over the Pacific Ocean during January–August 1998 are identified from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) single scanner footprint data. Characteristics of each cloud object type matched with atmospheric states are examined for large regions in the tropics and subtropics and for different size categories. Stratocumulus cloud objects dominate the entire boundary layer cloud population in all regions and size categories. Overcast cloud objects, which have the largest average size, are more prevalent in the subtropics and near the coastal regions, while cumulus cloud objects are prevalent over the open oceans and the equatorial regions, particularly within the small-size categories. Cloud objects with equivalent diameters less than 75 km are excluded in the analysis. The differences between the tropical and subtropical statistical distributions of cloud properties are small for liquid water path (LWP), cloud optical depth, and top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) albedo, but large for cloud-top temperature and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), for each of the three cloud object types. The larger cloud objects have higher LWPs, cloud optical depths, TOA albedos, and OLRs, but lower SSTs and cloud-top heights for the stratocumulus and overcast types. Lower-tropospheric stability seems to be the primary factor for the differences in the distributions of cloud physical properties between the regions or between the size categories. Atmospheric dynamics also play a role in determining the differences in the distributions of cloud physical properties between the size categories, but not a significant role for those between the types or between the regions. The latter may be due to uncertainties in the matched vertical velocity data. When the three cloud object types are combined in small regions, lower-tropospheric stability determines the transition of boundary layer cloud types along a Pacific transect. The proportion of each type is the most important factor for diagnosing the combined cloud properties along this transect, such as LWP, cloud optical depth, and TOA albedo. Atmospheric dynamics also play complicated roles in determining the combined cloud properties along this transect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Thermodynamics
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - STRATUS clouds
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 31702271; Xu, Kuan-Man 1; Email Address: kuan-man.xu@nasa.gov Wong, Takmeng 1 Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Parker, Lindsay 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 21 Issue 7, p1500; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: STRATUS clouds; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 7 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JCLI1710.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31702271&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nourgaliev, R.R.
AU  - Liou, M.-S.
AU  - Theofanous, T.G.
T1  - Numerical prediction of interfacial instabilities: Sharp interface method (SIM)
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 227
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3940
EP  - 3970
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: We introduce a sharp interface method (SIM) for the direct numerical simulation of unstable fluid–fluid interfaces. The method is based on the level set approach and the structured adaptive mesh refinement technology, endowed with a corridor of irregular, cut-cell grids that resolve the interfacial region to third-order spatial accuracy. Key in that regard are avoidance of numerical mixing, and a least-squares interpolation method that is supported by irregular datasets distinctly on each side of the interface. Results on test problems show our method to be free of the spurious current problem of the continuous surface force method and to converge, on grid refinement, at near-theoretical rates. Simulations of unstable Rayleigh–Taylor and viscous Kelvin–Helmholtz flows are found to converge at near-theoretical rates to the exact results over a wide range of conditions. Further, we show predictions of neutral-stability maps of the viscous Kelvin–Helmholtz flows (Yih instability), as well as self-selection of the most unstable wave-number in multimode simulations of Rayleigh–Taylor instability. All these results were obtained with a simple seeding of random infinitesimal disturbances of interface-shape, as opposed to seeding by a complete eigenmode. For other than elementary flows the latter would normally not be available, and extremely difficult to obtain if at all. Sample comparisons with our code adapted to mimic typical diffuse interface treatments were not satisfactory for shear-dominated flows. On the other hand the sharp dynamics of our method would appear to be compatible and possibly advantageous to any interfacial flow algorithm in which the interface is represented as a discrete Heaviside function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CELLS -- Electric properties
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - Gas–liquid interfaces
KW  - Instability-seeding in numerical simulations
KW  - Interfacial flows
KW  - Interfacial instability
KW  - Rayleigh–Taylor instability
KW  - Sharp-interface treatment
KW  - Viscous Kelvin–Helmholtz instability
KW  - Yih instability
N1  - Accession Number: 31289303; Nourgaliev, R.R. 1; Email Address: robert.nourgaliev@inl.gov Liou, M.-S. 2; Email Address: meng-sing.liou@grc.nasa.gov Theofanous, T.G. 1; Email Address: theo@engr.ucsb.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Risk Studies and Safety, University of California, Santa Barbara, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Aeropropulsion Division, Cleveland, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 227 Issue 8, p3940; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CELLS -- Electric properties; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: PHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas–liquid interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instability-seeding in numerical simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rayleigh–Taylor instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sharp-interface treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscous Kelvin–Helmholtz instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yih instability; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.12.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trunek, Andrew J.
AU  - Neudeck, Philip G.
AU  - Matocha, Kevin
AU  - Dunne, Greg
T1  - Increased nitrogen doping of thin lateral SiC cantilevers
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 310
IS  - 7-9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1794
EP  - 1798
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: We report on a recently-observed difference in nitrogen doping during the growth of homoepitaxial films grown on on-axis 4H-SiC (SiC—silicon carbide) substrates patterned with arrays of mesas. In particular, the doping of webbed cantilevered regions that grew laterally from the tops of mesas free of axial screw dislocations was observed to be significantly greater than solid mesas with screw dislocations that grew vertically along the [0001] c-axis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VAPOR-plating
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - DISLOCATIONS (Anatomy)
KW  - WOUNDS & injuries
KW  - A1. Doping
KW  - A3. Cantilevers
KW  - A3. Chemical vapor deposition
KW  - A3. Mesas
KW  - B2. Silicon carbide
KW  - B3. MOS capacitors
N1  - Accession Number: 31581719; Trunek, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: Andrew.J.Trunek@grc.nasa.gov Neudeck, Philip G. 2 Matocha, Kevin 3 Dunne, Greg 3; Affiliation:  1: OAI, NASA Glenn, 21000 Brookpark Road., M.S. 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Ohio Aerospace Institute, 21000 Brookpark Road., M.S. 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: GE Global Research, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 310 Issue 7-9, p1794; Subject Term: VAPOR-plating; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS (Anatomy); Subject Term: WOUNDS & injuries; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Cantilevers; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Mesas; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: B3. MOS capacitors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2007.11.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31581719&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feng Xue
AU  - Bonissone, Piero
AU  - Varma, Anil
AU  - Weizhong Yan
AU  - Eklund, Neil
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - An Instance-Based Method for Remaining Useful Life Estimation for Aircraft Engines.
JO  - Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention
JF  - Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 206
SN  - 15477029
AB  - Under customer service agreements (CSA), engine operational data are collected and stored for monitoring and analysis. Other data sources provide damage assessments that are either provided post-maintenance or analytically assessed. This paper takes advantage of these data and investigates local fuzzy models to determine the remaining useful life (RUL) of an engine or engine component. Local fuzzy models are related to both kernel regressions and locally weighted learning. The particular local models described in this paper are not based on individual models that consider the track history of a specific engine nor are they based on a global average model that would consider the collective track history of all the engines. Instead, for a given engine or component, this local fuzzy model defines a cluster of peers in which each of these peers is a similar instance to this given engine with comparable operational characteristics; the RUL prediction for this given engine is obtained by a fuzzy aggregation of its peers’ RUL. We combine the fuzzy instance-based approach with an evolutionary framework for model tuning and maintenance. This evolutionary tuning process is repeated periodically to automatically update and improve the fuzzy models such that they can be updated to date with the latest collection of data. This fuzzy instance-based approach is applied to predicting the RUL of a commercial engine validated with post-maintenance assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CUSTOMER satisfaction
KW  - CUSTOMER relations
KW  - CUSTOMER services
KW  - SERVICE contracts
KW  - QUALITY of service
KW  - SERVICE centers
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - LEARNING
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - MAINTENANCE
KW  - Evolutionary algorithm
KW  - Fuzzy
KW  - Instance-based
KW  - Life-cycle
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Remaining useful life (RUL)
N1  - Accession Number: 35075849; Feng Xue 1; Email Address: xue@research.ge.com Bonissone, Piero 1; Email Address: bonissone@research.ge.com Varma, Anil 1; Email Address: varma@research.ge.com Weizhong Yan 1; Email Address: yan@research.ge.com Eklund, Neil 1; Email Address: eklund@research.ge.com Goebel, Kai 2; Email Address: goebel@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: GE Global Research One Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA  2: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p199; Subject Term: CUSTOMER satisfaction; Subject Term: CUSTOMER relations; Subject Term: CUSTOMER services; Subject Term: SERVICE contracts; Subject Term: QUALITY of service; Subject Term: SERVICE centers; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: LEARNING; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: MAINTENANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolutionary algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuzzy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instance-based; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life-cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prognosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remaining useful life (RUL); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11668-008-9118-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Rothman, Laurence S.
AU  - Martin-Torres, F. Javier
AU  - Flaud, Jean-Marie
T1  - Special issue on planetary atmospheres
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 109
IS  - 6
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 881
EP  - 881
SN  - 00224073
N1  - Accession Number: 31411164; Rothman, Laurence S. 1; Email Address: lrothman@cfa.harvard.edu Martin-Torres, F. Javier 2 Flaud, Jean-Marie 3; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, MS50, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138-1516, USA  2: AS&M, Inc. NASA/Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: CNRS and Universities of Paris 12 and 7, LISA, France; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 109 Issue 6, p881; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.02.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31411164&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Blake, T.A.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
AU  - Benner, D.Chris
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
T1  - Low-temperature measurements of HCN broadened by N2 in the 14-μm spectral region
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 109
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 922
EP  - 951
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Half-width and pressure-induced shift coefficients; the temperature-dependence exponents of the half-widths and the temperature-dependence coefficients of pressure-induced shifts have been measured for N2-broadened transitions in the ν 2 band of HCN. Line positions and intensities were also determined. A total of 34 laboratory absorption spectra, recorded at 0.002–0.005cm−1 resolution with two different Fourier transform spectrometers, were used in the determination of the spectral line parameters. The total pressures of the HCN–N2 samples ranged from less than 1torr up to nearly 1atm, and temperatures were between 211 and 300K. A multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique employing a modified Voigt line profile, including speed dependence and line mixing via the off-diagonal relaxation matrix formulation, was used in the analysis. Speed-dependence parameters were determined in the P and R branches of the ν 2 band of H12C14N, and in the ν 2 Q branches of H12C14N and H13C14N the off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements that characterize line mixing were included in the analysis to fit the data. Present results are compared with previous measurements reported in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - EXCITON theory
KW  - HCN
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Lorentz N2-broadening
KW  - N2 pressure-induced shifts
KW  - Relaxation matrix elements
KW  - Speed dependence
KW  - Temperature dependence
N1  - Accession Number: 31411168; Smith, M.A.H. 1; Email Address: Mary.Ann.H.Smith@nasa.gov Rinsland, C.P. 1 Blake, T.A. 2 Sams, R.L. 2 Benner, D.Chris 3 Malathy Devi, V. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Battelle Boulevard, MS K8-88, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA  3: Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 109 Issue 6, p922; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz N2-broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: N2 pressure-induced shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relaxation matrix elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.12.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Blake, T.A.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Kleiner, I.
AU  - Dehayem-Kamadjeu, A.
AU  - Müller, H.S.P.
AU  - Gamache, R.R.
AU  - Niles, D.L.
AU  - Masiello, T.
T1  - Multispectrum analysis of the ν 4 band of CH3CN: Positions, intensities, self- and N2-broadening, and pressure-induced shifts
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 109
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 974
EP  - 994
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: A multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique was applied to measure accurate zero-pressure line center positions, Lorentz self- and nitrogen (N2)-broadened half-width coefficients, and self- and N2-pressure-induced shift coefficients for over 700 transitions in the parallel ν 4 band of CH3CN near 920cm−1. Fifteen high-resolution (0.0016cm−1) laboratory absorption spectra of pure and N2-broadened CH3CN recorded at room temperature using the Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington, USA, were analyzed simultaneously assuming standard Voigt line shapes. Short spectral intervals containing manifolds of transitions from the same value of J were fitted together. In all, high-precision line parameters were obtained for P(44)–P(3) and R(0)–R(46) manifolds. As part of the analysis, quantum assignments were extended, and the total internal partition function sum was calculated for four isotopologs: 12CH312CN, 13CH312CN, 12CH313CN, and 13CH313CN. Measurements of N2 broadening, self-broadening, N2-shift, and self-shift coefficients for transitions with J up to 48 and K up to 12 were measured for the first time in the mid-infrared. Self-broadened half-width coefficients were found to be very large (up to ∼2cm−1 atm−1 at 296K). Ratios of self-broadened half-width coefficients to N2-broadened half-width coefficients show a compact distribution with rotational quantum number in both the P and R branches that range from ∼4.5 to 14 with maxima near ∣m∣=24, where m=−J″, J″, and J″+1 for P, Q, and R lines, respectively. Pressure-induced shifts for N2 are small (few exceed ±0.006cm−1 atm−1 at 294K) and are both positive and negative. In contrast, self-shift coefficients are large (maxima of about ±0.08cm−1 atm−1 at 294K) and are both positive and negative as a function of rotational quantum numbers. The present measured half-widths and pressure shifts in ν 4 were compared with corresponding measurements of rotational transitions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - EXCITON theory
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - Atmosphere of Titan
KW  - CH3CN
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Partition function
KW  - Pressure broadening
KW  - Pressure-induced shifts
KW  - Remote sounding
KW  - Spectral line shape
KW  - Transmission and scattering of radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 31411171; Rinsland, C.P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Malathy Devi, V. 2; Email Address: Malathy.D.Venkataraman@nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 2; Email Address: dcbenn@wm.edu Blake, T.A. 3; Email Address: ta.blake@pnl.gov Sams, R.L. 3; Email Address: robert.sams@pnl.gov Brown, L.R. 4; Email Address: Linda.R.Brown@jpl.nasa.gov Kleiner, I. 5; Email Address: kleiner@lisa.univ-paris12.fr Dehayem-Kamadjeu, A. 5; Email Address: dehayem@lisa.univ-paris12.fr Müller, H.S.P. 6; Email Address: hspm@ph1.uni-koeln.de Gamache, R.R. 7; Email Address: Robert_Gamache@uml.edu Niles, D.L. 7; Email Address: dlniles@gmail.com Masiello, T. 3; Email Address: tony.masiello@nist.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Universités Paris 7 et Paris 12 et CNRS, 61 av. General de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France  6: I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany  7: Department of Environmental, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 109 Issue 6, p974; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere of Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH3CN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partition function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-induced shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sounding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral line shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission and scattering of radiation; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kratz, David P.
T1  - The sensitivity of radiative transfer calculations to the changes in the HITRAN database from 1982 to 2004
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 109
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1060
EP  - 1080
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Over the last quarter century, improvements in the determination of the spectroscopic characteristics of the infrared-active trace species have enhanced our ability to retrieve quantitative distributions of temperatures, clouds, and abundances for various trace species within the Earth''s atmosphere. These improvements have also allowed for refinements in the estimates of climatic effects attributed to changes in the Earth''s atmospheric composition. Modeling efforts, however, have frequently experienced significant delays in assimilating improved spectroscopic information. Such is the case for highly parameterized models, where considerable effort is typically required to incorporate any revisions. Thus, a line-by-line radiative transfer model has been used to investigate the magnitude of the effects resulting from modifications to the spectroscopic information. Calculations from this line-by-line model have demonstrated that recent modifications to the HITRAN (High Resolution Transmission) line parameters, the continuum formulation, and the CO2 line-mixing formulation can significantly affect the interpretation of the high spectral resolution radiance and brightness temperature retrievals. For certain moderate-resolution satellite remote sensing channels, modifications to these spectroscopic parameters and formulations have shown the capacity to induce changes in the calculated radiances equivalent to brightness temperature differences of 1–2K. Model calculations have further shown that modifications of the spectroscopic characteristics tend to have a modest effect on the determination of spectrally integrated radiances, fluxes, and radiative forcing estimates, with the largest differences being of order 1Wm−2 for the total thermal infrared fluxes, and of order 2–3% of the calculated radiative forcing at the tropopause attributed to the combined doubling of CO2, N2O, and CH4. The results from this investigation are intended to function as a guide to differentiate between cases where older parameterizations provide acceptable results, within specified accuracy bounds, and cases where upgrades to the latest spectroscopic database are necessary. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - MIDDLE atmosphere
KW  - Correlated k-distribution
KW  - Fluxes
KW  - HITRAN database
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Line parameters
KW  - Line-by-line calculation
KW  - Radiances
KW  - Radiative forcings
N1  - Accession Number: 31411177; Kratz, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.kratz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 109 Issue 6, p1060; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: MIDDLE atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correlated k-distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: HITRAN database; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line-by-line calculation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative forcings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.10.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yali Luo
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Morrison, Hugh
AU  - McFarquhar, Greg
T1  - Arctic Mixed-Phase Clouds Simulated by a Cloud-Resolving Model: Comparison with ARM Observations and Sensitivity to Microphysics Parameterizations.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 65
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1285
EP  - 1303
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Single-layer mixed-phase stratiform (MPS) Arctic clouds, which formed under conditions of large surface heat flux combined with general subsidence during a subperiod of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE), are simulated with a cloud-resolving model (CRM). The CRM is implemented with either an advanced two-moment [Morrison et al. (MCK)] or a commonly used one-moment [Lin et al. (LFO)] bulk microphysics scheme and a state-of-the-art radiative transfer scheme. The MCK simulation, which uses the two-moment scheme and observed aerosol size distribution and ice nulei (IN) number concentration, reproduces the magnitudes and vertical structures of cloud liquid water content (LWC), total ice water content (IWC), and number concentration and effective radius of cloud droplets as suggested by the MPACE observations. The simulation underestimates ice crystal number concentrations by an order of magnitude and overestimates effective radius of ice crystals by a factor of 2–3. The LFO experiment, which uses the one-moment scheme, produces values of liquid water path (LWP) and ice plus snow water path (ISWP) that were about 30% and 4 times, respectively, those produced by MCK. The vertical profile of IWC exhibits a bimodal distribution in contrast to the constant distribution of IWC produced in MCK and observations. A sensitivity test that uses the same ice–water saturation adjustment scheme as in LFO produces cloud properties that are more similar to the LFO simulation than MCK. The mean value of the intercept parameter of snow size spectra (N0s) from MCK is one order of magnitude smaller than that assumed in LFO. A sensitivity test that prescribes the larger LFO N0s results in 20% less LWP and 5 times larger snow water path than that in MCK. When an exponential ice size distribution replaces the gamma size distribution in MCK, the ISWP decreases by 70% but the LWP increases by 7% versus that in the MCK. Increasing the IN number concentration from the observed value of 0.16 to 3.2 L-1 forces the MPS clouds to become glaciated and dissipate, but the simulated ice number concentration agrees initially with the observations better. Physical explanations for these quantitative differences are provided. It is further shown that the differences between the LFO and MCK results are larger than those due to the estimated uncertainties in the prescribed surface fluxes. Additional observations and simulations of a variety of cases are required to further narrow down uncertainties in the microphysics schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ACTION spectrum
KW  - SPECTRAL sensitivity
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MICROCLUSTERS
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 31802325; Yali Luo 1,2; Email Address: yali@cams.cma.gov.cn Kuan-Man Xu 3 Morrison, Hugh 4 McFarquhar, Greg 5; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  5: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 65 Issue 4, p1285; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ACTION spectrum; Subject Term: SPECTRAL sensitivity; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MICROCLUSTERS; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAS2467.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackenzie, Anne I.
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
AU  - Rao, Sadasiva M.
T1  - New basis functions for the electromagnetic solution of arbitrarily-shaped, three dimensional conducting bodies using method of moments.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1121
EP  - 1124
SN  - 08952477
AB  - In this work, we present a new set of basis functions, defined over a pair of planar triangular patches, for the solution of electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems associated with arbitrarily-shaped surfaces using the method of moments solution procedure. The basis functions are constant over the function subdomain and resemble pulse functions for one and two dimensional problems. Further, another set of basis functions, point-wise orthogonal to the first set, is also defined over the same function space. The primary objective of developing these basis functions is to utilize them for the electromagnetic solution involving conducting, dielectric, and composite bodies. However, in the present work, only the conducting body solution is presented and compared with other data. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1121–1124, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23295 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOMENTS method (Statistics)
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
KW  - electromagnetics
KW  - method of moments
KW  - scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 30080915; Mackenzie, Anne I. 1 Baginski, Michael E. 2 Rao, Sadasiva M. 2; Email Address: rao@eng.auburn.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Department of E & CE, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p1121; Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: method of moments; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.23295
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Witasse, Olivier
AU  - Huber, Lyle
AU  - Zender, Joe
AU  - Lebreton, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Beebe, Reta
AU  - Heather, David
AU  - Matson, Dennis L.
AU  - Zarnecki, John
AU  - Wheadon, Joe
AU  - Trautner, Roland
AU  - Tomasko, Marty
AU  - Leon Stoppato, Piero
AU  - Simoes, Fernando
AU  - See, Chuck
AU  - Perez-Ayucar, Miguel
AU  - Pennanech, Cyril
AU  - Niemann, Hasso
AU  - McFarlane, Lisa
AU  - Leese, Mark
AU  - Kazeminejad, Bobby
T1  - The Huygens scientific data archive: Technical overview
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 56
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 770
EP  - 777
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Cassini/Huygens mission was launched in October 1997, and during the third orbit around Saturn, the Huygens probe was released on course to enter Titan''s atmosphere. During the descent, six science instruments provided in situ and remote sensing measurements of Titan''s atmosphere and surface. Doppler tracking was performed with two Earth-based radio telescopes, and a Very Long Base Interferometry (VLBI) experiment was carried out. Data acquisition began around 1500km altitude and continued throughout the 2h and 30min descent and for 1h and 12min after landing. This unique set of data is available in the ESA Planetary Science Archive (PSA) and mirror imaged in the NASA Planetary Data System (PDS). This paper presents an overview of the process the Huygens Data Archiving Working Group followed to develop and ingest the data set. A description of the data sets is also given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SPACE probes
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS -- Optical communication systems
KW  - RADIO telescopes
KW  - Cassini/Huygens mission
KW  - Data archiving
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 31560506; Witasse, Olivier 1; Email Address: owitasse@rssd.esa.int Huber, Lyle 2 Zender, Joe 1 Lebreton, Jean-Pierre 1 Beebe, Reta 2 Heather, David 1 Matson, Dennis L. 3 Zarnecki, John 4 Wheadon, Joe 5 Trautner, Roland 1 Tomasko, Marty 6 Leon Stoppato, Piero 7 Simoes, Fernando 8 See, Chuck 6 Perez-Ayucar, Miguel 1 Pennanech, Cyril 9 Niemann, Hasso 10 McFarlane, Lisa 6 Leese, Mark 4 Kazeminejad, Bobby 11; Affiliation:  1: ESA Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  2: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MS 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 230-205, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK  5: ESA/ESOC, Robert-Bosch-Str. 5, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany  6: Kuiper LPL, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  7: CISAS “G. Colombo”, Universita` di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  8: CETP/IPSL-CNRS 4, Avenue de Neptune, 94107 Saint Maur, France  9: Service Aeronomie/CNRS, Verrieres-le-Buisson, France  10: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 699, Greenbelt, MD 20117, USA  11: Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), German Space Operations Center (GSOC), 82234 Wesssling, Germany; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p770; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPACE probes; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS -- Optical communication systems; Subject Term: RADIO telescopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini/Huygens mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data archiving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2007.10.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kehrer, Kristen
AU  - Graf, Brian
AU  - Roeder, William P.
T1  - Global Positioning System (GPS) Precipitable Water in Forecasting Lightning at Spaceport Canaveral.
JO  - Weather & Forecasting
JF  - Weather & Forecasting
Y1  - 2008/04//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
EP  - 232
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08828156
AB  - This paper evaluates the use of precipitable water (PW) from the global positioning system (GPS) in lightning prediction. Additional independent verification of an earlier model is performed. This earlier model used binary logistic regression with the following four predictor variables optimally selected from a candidate list of 23 candidate predictors: the current precipitable water value for a given time of the day, the change in GPS PW over the past 9 h, the K index, and the electric field mill value. The K index was used as a measure of atmospheric stability, which, of the traditional stability measures, has been shown to work best in the area and season under study. This earlier model was not optimized for any specific forecast interval, but showed promise for 6- and 1.5-h forecasts. Two new models were developed and verified. These new models were optimized for two operationally significant forecast intervals. The first model was optimized for the 0.5-h lightning advisories issued by the U.S. Air Force’s 45th Weather Squadron. An additional 1.5 h was allowed for sensor dwell, communication, calculation, analysis, and advisory decision by the forecaster. Therefore, the 0.5-h advisory model became a 2-h forecast model for lightning within the 45th Weather Squadron advisory areas. The second model was optimized for major ground processing operations supported by the 45th Weather Squadron, which can require lightning forecasts with a lead time of up to 7.5 h. Using the same 1.5-h lag as in the other new model, this became a 9-h forecast model for lightning within 37 km (20 n mi) of the 45th Weather Squadron advisory areas. The two new models were built using binary logistic regression and a list of 26 candidate predictor variables: the current GPS PW value, the K index, and 24 candidate variables of the change in GPS PW levels over 0.5-h increments up to 12 h. The new 2-h model found the following four predictors to be statistically significant, listed in decreasing order of contribution to the forecast: the 0.5-h change in GPS PW, the 7.5-h change in GPS PW, the current GPS PW value, and the K index. The new 9-h forecast model found the following five independent variables to be statistically significant, listed in decreasing order of contribution to the forecast: the current GPS PW value, the 8.5-h change in GPS PW, the 3.5-h change in GPS PW, the 12-h change in GPS PW, and the K index. In both models, the GPS PW parameters had better correlation to the lightning forecast than did the K index, a widely used thunderstorm index. Possible future improvements to this study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Weather & Forecasting is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - PRECIPITABLE water
KW  - LIGHTNING
KW  - CANAVERAL, Port (Fla.)
KW  - FLORIDA
N1  - Accession Number: 35324609; Kehrer, Kristen 1; Email Address: kristen.c.kehrer@nasa.gov Graf, Brian 1 Roeder, William P. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida  2: 45th Weather Squadron, Patrick Air Force Base, Florida; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p219; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: PRECIPITABLE water; Subject Term: LIGHTNING; Subject Term: CANAVERAL, Port (Fla.); Subject Term: FLORIDA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eisele, Fred
AU  - Davis, Douglas D.
AU  - Helmig, Detlev
AU  - Oltmans, Samuel J.
AU  - Neff, William
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Tanner, David
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Crawford, Jim
AU  - Arimoto, Richard
AU  - Buhr, Martin
AU  - Mauldin, Lee
AU  - Hutterli, Manuel
AU  - Dibb, Jack
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Brooks, Steven B.
AU  - Johnson, Bryan
AU  - Roberts, James M.
AU  - Wang, Yuhang
AU  - Tan, David
T1  - Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI) 2003 overview
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2008/04/11/
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2749
EP  - 2761
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The Antarctic Tropospheric Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI) was carried out from late November to December 2003 with both extended ground-based and tethered balloon studies at Amundsen Scott Station, South Pole. ANTCI 2003 was the first of two Antarctic field studies with the primary goal of further exploring the active photochemistry of the South Pole region that was first identified in the previous Investigation of Sulfur Chemistry in the Antarctic Troposphere (ISCAT) program. Since ISCAT was fully ground-based, ANTCI 2003 goals included expanding chemical studies both vertically upward to investigate mixing and horizontally to better understand large-scale plateau NO x production and transport. Thus, in addition to ground-based experiments at South Pole, Twin Otter aircraft sampling took place out to hundreds of kilometers in several directions from the South Pole. These were designed to specifically address the issue of how representative past South Pole chemical measurements are of the surrounding high plateau region. The Twin Otter was also used to make transects along the coast both north and south of McMurdo Station. The present paper summarizes the overall setting and results of this investigation and highlights the many new findings that were obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - OTTER (Transport planes)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MIXING
KW  - NITROGEN oxides
KW  - SPATIO-temporal variation
KW  - MCMURDO Station (Antarctica)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Antarctic photochemistry
KW  - Hydroxyl radical
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Ozone
KW  - South Pole chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 31410768; Eisele, Fred 1,2; Email Address: eisele@ucar.edu Davis, Douglas D. 2 Helmig, Detlev 3 Oltmans, Samuel J. 4 Neff, William 4 Huey, Greg 2 Tanner, David 2 Chen, Gao 5 Crawford, Jim 5 Arimoto, Richard 6 Buhr, Martin 7 Mauldin, Lee 1 Hutterli, Manuel 8,9 Dibb, Jack 10 Blake, D. 11 Brooks, Steven B. 12 Johnson, Bryan 13 Roberts, James M. 4 Wang, Yuhang 2 Tan, David 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atm. Res., Atm. Chem. Division, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  2: Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atm. Sci., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  3: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR), University of Colorado at Boulder, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: NOAA, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  5: NASA-Langley Research Center, Atm. Sci. Division, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: New Mexico State U, Carlsbad Envir. Monitoring Res. Center, Carlsbad, NM 88220, USA  7: Air Quality Design Inc., Golden, CO 80403, USA  8: British Antarctic Survey, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK  9: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  10: University of New Hampshire, Climate Change Res. Center, Durham, NH 03824, USA  11: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717, USA  12: NOAA Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division, Oak Ridge, TN, USA  13: NOAA System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2749; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: OTTER (Transport planes); Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MIXING; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides; Subject Term: SPATIO-temporal variation; Subject Term: MCMURDO Station (Antarctica); Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitric oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Pole chemistry; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Douglas D.
AU  - Seelig, Jon
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Crawford, Jim
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Wang, Yuhang
AU  - Buhr, Marty
AU  - Helmig, Detlev
AU  - Neff, William
AU  - Blake, Don
AU  - Arimoto, Rich
AU  - Eisele, Fred
T1  - A reassessment of Antarctic plateau reactive nitrogen based on ANTCI 2003 airborne and ground based measurements
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2008/04/11/
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2831
EP  - 2848
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The first airborne measurements of nitric oxide (NO) on the Antarctic plateau have demonstrated that the previously reported elevated levels of this species extend well beyond the immediate vicinity of South Pole. Although the current database is still relatively weak and critical laboratory experiments are still needed, the findings here suggest that the chemical uniqueness of the plateau may be substantially greater than first reported. For example, South Pole ground-based findings have provided new evidence showing that the dominant process driving the release of nitrogen from the snowpack during the spring/summer season (post-depositional loss) is photochemical in nature with evaporative processes playing a lesser role. There is also new evidence suggesting that nitrogen, in the form of nitrate, may undergo multiple recycling within a given photochemical season. Speculation here is that this may be a unique property of the plateau and much related to its having persistent cold temperatures even during summer. These conditions promote the efficient adsorption of molecules like HNO3 (and very likely HO2NO2) onto snow-pack surface ice where we have hypothesized enhanced photochemical processing can occur, leading to the efficient release of NO x to the atmosphere. In addition, to these process-oriented tentative conclusions, the findings from the airborne studies, in conjunction with modeling exercises suggest a new paradigm for the plateau atmosphere. The near-surface atmosphere over this massive region can be viewed as serving as much more than a temporary reservoir or holding tank for imported chemical species. It defines an immense atmospheric chemical reactor which is capable of modifying the chemical characteristics of select atmospheric constituents. This reactor has most likely been in place over geological time, and may have led to the chemical modulation of some trace species now found in ice cores. Reactive nitrogen has played a critical role in both establishing and in maintaining this reactor. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITRIC oxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - AIRBORNE profile recorder
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - SNOW
KW  - PLATEAUS
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Airborne profiles
KW  - Antarctic plateau
KW  - Hydroxyl radicals
KW  - Ice core chemical proxies
KW  - Nitrate
KW  - Nitric oxide
KW  - Oxidizing canopy
KW  - Reactive nitrogen
KW  - Recycling
N1  - Accession Number: 31410774; Davis, Douglas D. 1; Email Address: douglas.davis@eas.gatech.edu Seelig, Jon 1 Huey, Greg 1 Crawford, Jim 2 Chen, Gao 2 Wang, Yuhang 1 Buhr, Marty 3 Helmig, Detlev 4 Neff, William 5 Blake, Don 6 Arimoto, Rich 7 Eisele, Fred 8; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Air Quality Design, Golden, CO 80403, USA  4: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  5: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  6: Chemistry Department, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 921717, USA  7: Carsbad Environmental Monitoring and Research Center, New Mexico State University, Carlsbad, NM 88220, USA  8: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Source Info: Apr2008, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2831; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: AIRBORNE profile recorder; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SNOW; Subject Term: PLATEAUS; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne profiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic plateau; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radicals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice core chemical proxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitric oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidizing canopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recycling; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Makeev, Maxim A.
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
T1  - Hypersonic velocity impact on a-SiC target: A diagram of damage characteristics via molecular dynamics simulations.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/04/14/
VL  - 92
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 151909
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Dynamic damage response characteristics of an amorphous silicon carbide target due to hypersonic velocity impacts of diamond projectiles are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. In a certain range of radii of the projectile, four distinct regimes of damage are uncovered and summarized in a penetration depth diagram. The regimes correspond to shallow crater formation, deep penetration into the target, deep penetration with local melting of the target, and complete disintegration of the projectile. In the third regime, a logarithmic dependence of the penetration depth as a function of the projectile velocity has been found and explained by an analytical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SCIENTIFIC method
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR industry
N1  - Accession Number: 31828273; Makeev, Maxim A. 1; Email Address: mmakeev@mail.arc.nasa.gov Srivastava, Deepak 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/14/2008, Vol. 92 Issue 15, p151909; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC method; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2894188
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Darve, Eric
AU  - Rodríguez-Gómez, David
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
T1  - Adaptive biasing force method for scalar and vector free energy calculations.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2008/04/14/
VL  - 128
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 144120
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - In free energy calculations based on thermodynamic integration, it is necessary to compute the derivatives of the free energy as a function of one (scalar case) or several (vector case) order parameters. We derive in a compact way a general formulation for evaluating these derivatives as the average of a mean force acting on the order parameters, which involves first derivatives with respect to both Cartesian coordinates and time. This is in contrast with the previously derived formulas, which require first and second derivatives of the order parameter with respect to Cartesian coordinates. As illustrated in a concrete example, the main advantage of this new formulation is the simplicity of its use, especially for complicated order parameters. It is also straightforward to implement in a molecular dynamics code, as can be seen from the pseudocode given at the end. We further discuss how the approach based on time derivatives can be combined with the adaptive biasing force method, an enhanced sampling technique that rapidly yields uniform sampling of the order parameters, and by doing so greatly improves the efficiency of free energy calculations. Using the backbone dihedral angles [uppercase_phi_synonym] and Ψ in N-acetylalanyl-N′-methylamide as a numerical example, we present a technique to reconstruct the free energy from its derivatives, a calculation that presents some difficulties in the vector case because of the statistical errors affecting the derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - SCALAR field theory
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
N1  - Accession Number: 31696057; Darve, Eric 1; Email Address: darve@stanford.edu Rodríguez-Gómez, David 2 Pohorille, Andrew 2,3; Email Address: pohorill@max.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-4040, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, California 94143-2280, USA; Source Info: 4/14/2008, Vol. 128 Issue 14, p144120; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SCALAR field theory; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2829861
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, G. L.
AU  - Johnson, E.
AU  - Mochena, M. D.
AU  - Bauschlicher, C. W.
T1  - The structure and energetics of (GaAs)n, (GaAs)n-, and (GaAs)n+ (n=2–15).
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2008/04/14/
VL  - 128
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 144707
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Electronic and geometrical structures of neutral, negatively, and positively charged (GaAs)n clusters are computed using density functional theory with generalized gradient approximation. All-electron computations are performed on (GaAs)2–(GaAs)9 while effective core potentials (ECPs) are used for (GaAs)9–(GaAs)15. Calibration calculations on GaAs and (GaAs)9 species support the use of the ECP for the larger clusters. The ground-state geometries of (GaAs)n- and/or (GaAs)n+ are different from the corresponding neutral ground-state geometry, except for n=7, 9, 12, 14, and 15, where the neutral and ions have similar structures. Beginning with n=6, all atoms are three coordinate, except for (GaAs)10+ and (GaAs)13+. For the larger species, there is a competition between fullerenes built from hexagons and rhombi and geometrical configurations where Ga–Ga and As–As bonds are formed, which results in the formation of pentagons. As expected, the static polarizability varies in the order of anion>neutral>cation, but the values are rather similar for all three charge states. The thermodynamic stability for the loss of GaAs is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
N1  - Accession Number: 31696045; Gutsev, G. L. 1; Email Address: gennady.gutsev@famu.edu Johnson, E. 1 Mochena, M. D. 2 Bauschlicher, C. W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Environmental Sciences Institute, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA  2: Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA  3: Mail Stop 230-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/14/2008, Vol. 128 Issue 14, p144707; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2884860
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parkin, Kevin
T1  - Microwave Thermal Rockets—A Progress Report.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/04/28/
VL  - 997
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 481
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper reviews progress in microwave thermal rocket research since the concept was set forth in this forum 4 years ago. Since then, a microwave thermal thruster has been demonstrated in the laboratory for the first time, albeit at small scale. A numerical model has been developed that captures the behavior of this configuration and can be used to design future experiments, and system point designs have affirmed that a specific impulse of greater than 700 seconds and thrust to weight ratio of greater than 70 is quite possible. In future work, it remains to fully explore the wider design space and relative merits of microwave thermal rockets, delineating the operating regime in which microwave thermal rockets are superior to alternative approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - DIRECT energy conversion
KW  - HEAT exchangers
N1  - Accession Number: 31896738; Parkin, Kevin 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/28/2008, Vol. 997 Issue 1, p470; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: DIRECT energy conversion; Subject Term: HEAT exchangers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2931918
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31896738&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wrasse, C.M.
AU  - Fechine, J.
AU  - Takahashi, H.
AU  - Denardini, C.M.
AU  - Wickert, J.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
AU  - Russell, J.M.
AU  - Barbosa, C.L.
T1  - Temperature comparison between CHAMP radio occultation and TIMED/SABER measurements in the lower stratosphere
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1422
EP  - 1427
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver on the CHAllenging Mini-satellite Payload (CHAMP) and the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument, one of four on board the TIMED satellite, provide middle atmosphere temperature profiles by Radio Occultation (RO) and limb viewing infrared emission measurements, respectively. These temperature profiles retrieved by two different techniques in the stratosphere are compared with each other using more than 1300 correlative profiles in March, September and December 2005. The over-all mean differences averaged over 15 and 35km are approximately −2K and standard deviation is less than 3K. Below 20km of altitude, relatively small mean temperature differences ∼1K are observed in wide latitudinal range except for June (during the SABER nighttime observation). In the middle to low latitudes, between 30°S and 30°N, the temperature difference increases with height from ∼0–1K at 15km, to ∼−4K at 35km of altitude. Large temperature differences about −4 to −6K are observed between 60°S and 30°N and 31–35km of altitude for all months and between 0° and 30°N below 16km during June (nighttime). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - RADIO (Medium)
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - Radio occultation
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Stratosphere
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 31580814; Wrasse, C.M. 1,2; Email Address: cmw@univap.br Fechine, J. 2; Email Address: joaquim@laser.inpe.br Takahashi, H. 2; Email Address: hisaotak@laser.inpe.br Denardini, C.M. 2; Email Address: denardin@dae.inpe.br Wickert, J. 3; Email Address: jens.wickert@gfz-potsdam.de Mlynczak, M.G. 4; Email Address: m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov Russell, J.M. 5; Email Address: james.russell@hamptonu.edu Barbosa, C.L. 1; Email Address: cassio@univap.br; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (IP&D/UNIVAP), Av. Shishima Hifumi 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil  2: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Av. dos Astronautas 1758, 12227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil  3: GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ), Department of Geodesy and Remote Sensing, Telegrafenberg, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany  4: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p1422; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: RADIO (Medium); Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio occultation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515111 Radio Networks; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.073
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fechine, J.
AU  - Wrasse, C.M.
AU  - Takahashi, H.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
AU  - Russell, J.M.
T1  - Lower-mesospheric inversion layers over brazilian equatorial region using TIMED/SABER temperature profiles
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 41
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1446
EP  - 1452
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Lower-mesospheric inversion layers (MILs) were studied using the temperature profiles observed by TIMED/SABER over Cariri (7.5°S, 36.5°W), Brazil, in 2005. A total 175 MILs were identified with the maximum occurrence in April and October and the minimum in January and July. The lower MIL is located in a height region from 70 to 90km, with the peak at around 83±4km with the temperature of 205±5K, and the thickness of 4–10km. The results show large amplitudes of MILs during equinoxes and minimum in solstices, with a clear semiannual variation. A general feature of lower MIL in monthly mean profile was observed twice a year, one from February to May, and the other from August to October with a downward shift of the top level. These results suggest that formation and long persistence of MIL is an important factor to investigate propagation of atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - INVERSION (Geophysics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - BRAZIL
KW  - Atmospheric thermal structure
KW  - Mesospheric inversion layer
KW  - Middle atmosphere
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 31580817; Fechine, J. 1; Email Address: joaquim@laser.inpe.br Wrasse, C.M. 1,2; Email Address: cmw@univap.br Takahashi, H. 1; Email Address: hisaotak@laser.inpe.br Mlynczak, M.G. 3; Email Address: m.g.mlynczak@larc.nasa.gov Russell, J.M. 4; Email Address: james.russell@hamptonu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), Zip Code: 12.227-010, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil  2: Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento – Universidade do Vale do Paraı´ba (UNIVAP/IP&D), São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil  3: Atmospheric Sciences Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 41 Issue 9, p1446; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: INVERSION (Geophysics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: BRAZIL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric thermal structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesospheric inversion layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Middle atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.04.070
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Jaroslaw
T1  - Integrated System-of-Systems Synthesis.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 46
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1072
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper defines a system of systems as an assemblage of components organized in three levels, each level featuring both analysis and optimization. The choice of only three levels is deliberate, based on examination of the nature of a system of systems, a sample of references, and the range of potential applications. The solution methodology introduced in the paper derives as an extension of an existing bilevel integrated system synthesis method for which an application and implementation experience, as well as rigorous proof of correctness, are available. The new method, called trilevel integrated system synthesis, addresses the engineering practice requirements discussed in the paper. It builds on the formal representation of the system-of-systems coupling data known as the data dependency matrix, on the use of surrogate models, and on a recursive similarity of the data coupling among the systems in a system of systems and among the components within the system. The paper defines three variants of trilevel integrated system synthesis and identifies one of the three for implementation by the criteria of computational cost and engineering practicality. The closing discussion points out that because of extraordinary cost development and doubtful utility of simplified test cases, a system-of-systems optimization method ought to be developed in conjunction with a real, full-scale, application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 32066844; Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Jaroslaw 1,2; Email Address: Jarowlaw.Sobieski-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 236811  2: Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 46 Issue 5, p1072; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.27953
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Lane, Melissa D.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Dyar, M. Darby
AU  - King, Penelope L.
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Hyde, Brendt C.
T1  - Mineralogy of the Paso Robles soils on Mars.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 93
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 728
EP  - 739
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - An abstract of the article "Mineralogy of the paso Robles soils on Mars," by Melissa D. Lane, Janice L. Bishop, and Penelope L. King is presented.
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - acid
KW  - Mars
KW  - mineralogy
KW  - Paso Robles
KW  - phosphate
KW  - spectra
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - sulfate
N1  - Accession Number: 32532565; Lane, Melissa D. 1 Bishop, Janice L. 2 Dyar, M. Darby 3 King, Penelope L. 4 Parente, Mario 5 Hyde, Brendt C. 4; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, U.S.A.  2: SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94043, U.S.A.  3: Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, U.S.A.  4: University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada  5: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, U.S.A.; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 93 Issue 5/6, p728; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paso Robles; Author-Supplied Keyword: phosphate; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfate; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mengshoel, Ole J.
T1  - Understanding the role of noise in stochastic local search: Analysis and experiments
JO  - Artificial Intelligence
JF  - Artificial Intelligence
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 172
IS  - 8/9
M3  - Article
SP  - 955
EP  - 990
SN  - 00043702
AB  - Abstract: Stochastic local search (SLS) algorithms have recently been proven to be among the best approaches to solving computationally hard problems. SLS algorithms typically have a number of parameters, optimized empirically, that characterize and determine their performance. In this article, we focus on the noise parameter. The theoretical foundation of SLS, including an understanding of how to the optimal noise varies with problem difficulty, is lagging compared to the strong empirical results obtained using these algorithms. A purely empirical approach to understanding and optimizing SLS noise, as problem instances vary, can be very computationally intensive. To complement existing experimental results, we formulate and analyze several Markov chain models of SLS in this article. In particular, we compute expected hitting times and show that they are rational functions for individual problem instances as well as their mixtures. Expected hitting time curves are analytical counterparts to noise response curves reported in the experimental literature. Hitting time analysis using polynomials and convex functions is also discussed. In addition, we present examples and experimental results illustrating the impact of varying noise probability on SLS run time. In experiments, where most probable explanations in Bayesian networks are computed, we use synthetic problem instances as well as problem instances from applications. We believe that our results provide an improved theoretical understanding of the role of noise in stochastic local search, thereby providing a foundation for further progress in this area. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Intelligence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - NOISE
KW  - SOUND
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - LOUDNESS
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - MALLIAVIN calculus
KW  - Bayesian networks
KW  - Convexity
KW  - Expected hitting times
KW  - Markov chain models
KW  - Most probable explanation
KW  - Noise
KW  - Noise response curves
KW  - Polynomial approximation
KW  - Probabilistic reasoning
KW  - Rational functions
KW  - Stochastic local search
KW  - Systematic experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 31492194; Mengshoel, Ole J. 1; Email Address: omengshoel@riacs.edu; Affiliation:  1: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 172 Issue 8/9, p955; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: LOUDNESS; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: MALLIAVIN calculus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convexity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expected hitting times; Author-Supplied Keyword: Markov chain models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Most probable explanation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise response curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polynomial approximation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic reasoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rational functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic local search; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systematic experiments; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.artint.2007.09.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhowmick, Ranadeep
AU  - Clemens, Bruce M.
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
T1  - Parametric analysis of chirality families and diameter distributions in single-wall carbon nanotube production by the floating catalyst method
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 907
EP  - 922
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: We report a detailed parametric analysis of the production of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by the floating catalyst method in a vertical furnace using an alcohol precursor. From a combined study of Raman and absorption spectroscopies and transmission electron microscopy, we have developed a semi-quantitative way of estimating the diameter and chiral family distribution of the SWCNTs produced. This approach shows that increased residence times and higher concentrations of metal catalyst in the precursor solution (i.e. ferrocene in ethanol) increase the diameter of the tubes produced. Increasing growth temperatures result in the formation of both larger and small diameter SWCNTs, in contrast to previous reports of increasing diameter with temperature. Varying these parameters could be effective in tailoring the size distribution of the SWCNTs to meet the needs of specific applications. Also evidence is presented to show the absence of red shifting of the Raman radial breathing modes, expected due to bundling, of the metallic tubes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - CHIRALITY
KW  - TEMPERATURE
N1  - Accession Number: 31917310; Bhowmick, Ranadeep 1 Clemens, Bruce M. 1 Cruden, Brett A. 2; Email Address: Brett.A.Cruden@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, CA, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mofett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p907; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: CHIRALITY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - The equivalence of the radial return and Mendelson methods for integrating the classical plasticity equations.
JO  - Computational Mechanics
JF  - Computational Mechanics
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 733
EP  - 737
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01787675
AB  - The radial return method is a well-known algorithm for integrating the classical plasticity equations. Mendelson presented an alternative method for integrating these equations in terms of the so-called plastic strain—total strain plasticity relations. In the present communication, it is shown that, although the two methods appear to be unrelated, they are actually equivalent. A table is provided demonstrating the step by step correspondence of the radial return and Mendelson algorithms in the case of isotropic hardening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAIN hardening
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - Classical plasticity
KW  - Mendelson method
KW  - Radial return method
N1  - Accession Number: 28606165; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: bednarcyk@oai.org Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute , Cleveland USA  2: Tel Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv Israel  3: NASA Glenn Research Center , Cleveland USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p733; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAIN hardening; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Classical plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mendelson method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radial return method; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00466-007-0228-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horta, L.G.
AU  - Kenny, S.P.
AU  - Crespo, L.G.
AU  - Elliott, K.B.
T1  - NASA Langley’s approach to the Sandia’s structural dynamics challenge problem
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 197
IS  - 29-32
M3  - Article
SP  - 2607
EP  - 2620
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Abstract: The objective of this challenge is to develop a data-based probabilistic model of uncertainty to predict the acceleration response of subsystems (payloads) by themselves and while coupled to a primary (target) system. Although deterministic analyses of this type are routinely performed and representative of issues faced in real-world system design and integration, there are still several key technical challenges that must be addressed when analyzing the uncertainties of interconnected systems. For example, one key technical challenge is related to the fact that there is limited data on the target configurations. Also, while multiple data sets from experiments conducted at the subsystem level are provided, samples sizes are not sufficient to compute high confidence statistics. Moreover, in this challenge problem, additional constraints, in the form of ground rules, have been added. One such constraint is that mathematical models of the subsystem are limited to linear approximations of the nonlinear physics of the problem at hand. Also, participants are constrained to use these subsystem models and the multiple data sets to make predictions about the target system response under completely different forcing functions. Initially, our approach involved the screening of several different methods to arrive at the three presented herein. The first one is based on a transformation of the structural dynamic data in the modal domain to an orthogonal space where the mean and covariance of the data are matched. The other two approaches worked solutions in physical space where the uncertain parameter set is made of masses, stiffnessess, and damping coefficients; one matches the confidence intervals of low order moments of the statistics via optimization while the second one uses a Kernel density estimation approach. The paper will touch on the approaches, lessons learned, validation metrics and their comparison, data quantity restriction, and assumptions/limitations of each approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - ENGINEERING mathematics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - MODEL validation
KW  - Kernel density
KW  - Model validation
KW  - Probabilistic modeling
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
N1  - Accession Number: 32050150; Horta, L.G. 1; Email Address: lucas.g.horta@nasa.gov Kenny, S.P. 2 Crespo, L.G. 3 Elliott, K.B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Structural Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 230 Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  2: Dynamic Systems and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 308 Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  3: National Institute of Aerospace, MS 308 Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  4: Systems Integration and Test Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 424 Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 197 Issue 29-32, p2607; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: ENGINEERING mathematics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: MODEL validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kernel density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cma.2007.07.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chato, David J.
T1  - Cryogenic fluid transfer for exploration
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 206
EP  - 209
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: This paper discusses current plans and issues for exploration that involve the use of cryogenic transfer. The benefits of cryogenic transfer to exploration missions are examined. The current state of the art of transfer technology is reviewed. Mission concepts of operation for exploration are presented, and used to qualitatively discuss the performance benefits of transfer. The paper looks at the challenges faced to implement a cryogenic transfer system and suggest approaches to address them with advanced development research. Transfer rates required for exploration are shown to have already been achieved in ground test. Cost effective approaches to the required on-orbit demonstration are suggested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - CRYOELECTRONICS
KW  - Fluid acquisition (D)
KW  - Hydrogen (B)
KW  - Oxygen (B)
KW  - Space cryogenics (F)
N1  - Accession Number: 32496082; Chato, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Chato@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Road, Mail Stop 86-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 48 Issue 5/6, p206; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: CRYOELECTRONICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid acquisition (D); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space cryogenics (F); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2008.03.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Chambers, John E.
T1  - Solar and planetary destabilization of the Earth–Moon triangular Lagrangian points
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 195
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 16
EP  - 27
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: In the restricted circular three-body problem, two massive bodies travel on circular orbits about their mutual center of mass and gravitationally perturb the motion of a massless particle. The triangular Lagrange points, and , form equilateral triangles with the two massive bodies and lie in their orbital plane. Provided the primary is at least 27 times as massive as the secondary, orbits near and can remain close to these locations indefinitely. More than 2200 cataloged asteroids librate about the and points of the Sun–Jupiter system, and five bodies have been discovered around the point of the Sun–Neptune system. Small satellites have also been found librating about the and points of two of Saturn''s moons. However, no objects have been discovered around the Earth–Moon and points. Using numerical integrations, we show that orbits near the Earth–Moon and points can survive for over a billion years even when solar perturbations are included, but the further addition of the far smaller perturbations from other planets destabilize these orbits within several million years. Thus, the lack of observed objects in these regions cannot be used as a constraint on Solar System formation, nor on the tidal evolution of the Moon''s orbit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - LAGRANGIAN points
KW  - dynamics ( Satellites )
KW  - Earth
KW  - Moon
KW  - Near-Earth objects
KW  - Trojan asteroids
N1  - Accession Number: 31757307; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Email Address: jack.j.lissauer@nasa.gov Chambers, John E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 195 Issue 1, p16; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN points; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamics ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-Earth objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trojan asteroids; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beer, E.
AU  - Prialnik, D.
AU  - Podolak, M.
T1  - The contribution of grains to the activity of comets: II. The brightness of the coma
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 195
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 340
EP  - 347
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We use the model of grain behavior in the coma developed by Beer et al. [Beer, E.H., Podolak, M., Prialnik, P., 2006. Icarus 180, 473–486] to compute the contribution of ice grains to the brightness of the coma. The motion of an ice grain along the comet–Sun axis is computed, taking into account gas drag, the gravity of the nucleus, and radiation pressure of sunlight. The sublimation of the grains is also included. We assume that the maximum distance that a grain travels along this axis is indicative of the size of the coma, and we compute the resultant brightness as a function of heliocentric distance. The results are then compared to observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - MALT liquors
KW  - coma ( Comets )
KW  - composition ( Comets )
KW  - dust ( Comets )
N1  - Accession Number: 31757324; Beer, E. 1 Prialnik, D. 2 Podolak, M. 2; Email Address: morris@post.tau.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 69978; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 195 Issue 1, p340; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: MALT liquors; Author-Supplied Keyword: coma ( Comets ); Author-Supplied Keyword: composition ( Comets ); Author-Supplied Keyword: dust ( Comets ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 312120 Breweries; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Soderblom, Laurence
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
AU  - Le Mouèlic, Stèphane
AU  - Rodriguez, Sebastien
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Pitman, Karly
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Clark, Roger
AU  - Nicholson, Phil
T1  - Spectroscopy, morphometry, and photoclinometry of Titan's dunefields from Cassini/VIMS
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 195
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 400
EP  - 414
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Fine-resolution (500 m/pixel) Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) T20 observations of Titan resolve that moon''s sand dunes. The spectral variability in some dune regions shows that there are sand-free interdune areas, wherein VIMS spectra reveal the exposed dune substrate. The interdunes from T20 are, variously, materials that correspond to the equatorial bright, 5-μm-bright, and dark blue spectral units. Our observations show that an enigmatic “dark red” spectral unit seen in T5 in fact represents a macroscopic mixture with 5-μm-bright material and dunes as its spectral endmembers. Looking more broadly, similar mixtures of varying amounts of dune and interdune units of varying composition can explain the spectral and albedo variability within the dark brown dune global spectral unit that is associated with dunes. The presence of interdunes indicates that Titan''s dunefields are both mature and recently active. The spectrum of the dune endmember reveals the sand to be composed of less water ice than the rest of Titan; various organics are consistent with the dunes'' measured reflectivity. We measure a mean dune spacing of 2.1 km, and find that the dunes are oriented on the average in an east–west direction, but angling up to 10° from parallel to the equator in specific cases. Where no interdunes are present, we determine the height of one set of dunes photoclinometrically to be between 30 and 70 m. These results pave the way for future exploration and interpretation of Titan''s sand dunes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - atmospheres ( Satellites )
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 31757330; Barnes, Jason W. 1; Email Address: jason@barnesos.net Brown, Robert H. 2 Soderblom, Laurence 3 Sotin, Christophe 4 Le Mouèlic, Stèphane 5 Rodriguez, Sebastien 6 Jaumann, Ralf 7 Beyer, Ross A. 1 Buratti, Bonnie J. 4 Pitman, Karly 4 Baines, Kevin H. 4 Clark, Roger 8 Nicholson, Phil 9; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 85001, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Universite de Nantes, Laboratoire de Planetologie et Geodynamique, 2 rue Houssinere, 44322 Nantes Cedex 03, France  6: Laboratoire AIM, Centre d'ètude de Saclay, DAPNIA/Sap, Centre de l'Orme des Merisiers, bât. 709, 91191 Gif/Yvette Cedex, France  7: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  8: United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 195 Issue 1, p400; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheres ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31757330&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lunine, J.I.
AU  - Elachi, C.
AU  - Wall, S.D.
AU  - Janssen, M.A.
AU  - Allison, M.D.
AU  - Anderson, Y.
AU  - Boehmer, R.
AU  - Callahan, P.
AU  - Encrenaz, P.
AU  - Flamini, E.
AU  - Franceschetti, G.
AU  - Gim, Y.
AU  - Hamilton, G.
AU  - Hensley, S.
AU  - Johnson, W.T.K.
AU  - Kelleher, K.
AU  - Kirk, R.L.
AU  - Lopes, R.M.
AU  - Lorenz, R.
AU  - Muhleman, D.O.
T1  - Titan's diverse landscapes as evidenced by Cassini RADAR's third and fourth looks at Titan
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 195
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 433
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Cassini''s third and fourth radar flybys, T7 and T8, covered diverse terrains in the high southern and equatorial latitudes, respectively. The T7 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) swath is somewhat more straightforward to understand in terms of a progressive poleward descent from a high, dissected, and partly hilly terrain down to a low flat plain with embayments and deposits suggestive of the past or even current presence of hydrocarbon liquids. The T8 swath is dominated by dunes likely made of organic solids, but also contain somewhat enigmatic, probably tectonic, features that may be partly buried or degraded by erosion or relaxation in a thin crust. The dark areas in T7 show no dune morphology, unlike the dark areas in T8, but are radiometrically warm like the dunes. The Huygens landing site lies on the edge of the T8 swath; correlation of the radar and Huygens DISR images allows accurate determination of its coordinates, and indicates that to the north of the landing site sit two large longitudinal dunes. Indeed, had the Huygens probe trajectory been just 10 km north of where it actually was, images of large sand dunes would have been returned in place of the fluvially dissected terrain actually seen—illustrating the strong diversity of Titan''s landscapes even at local scales. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Radar observations
KW  - surfaces ( Satellites )
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 31757331; Lunine, J.I. 1,2,3; Email Address: jlunine@lpl.arizona.edu Elachi, C. 3 Wall, S.D. 3 Janssen, M.A. 3 Allison, M.D. 4 Anderson, Y. 3 Boehmer, R. 3 Callahan, P. 3 Encrenaz, P. 5 Flamini, E. 6 Franceschetti, G. 7 Gim, Y. 3 Hamilton, G. 3 Hensley, S. 3 Johnson, W.T.K. 3 Kelleher, K. 3 Kirk, R.L. 8 Lopes, R.M. 3 Lorenz, R. 2 Muhleman, D.O. 9; Affiliation:  1: INAF-IFSI, 00133 Rome, Italy  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York, NY 10025, USA  5: Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France  6: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, 00131 Rome, Italy  7: Facoltá di Ingegneria, 80125 Naples, Italy  8: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  9: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 195 Issue 1, p415; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31757331&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, Carl H.
AU  - Lee, Richard Q.
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert R.
AU  - Kory, Carol L.
AU  - Lambert, Kevin M.
AU  - Van Keuls, Frederick W.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
T1  - Small-Size X-Band Active Integrated Antenna With Feedback Loop.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 56
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1236
EP  - 1241
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - A small-sized active integrated antenna (AlA), consisting of a transmission feedback oscillator loaded with a microstrip antenna is presented in this paper. The oscillator antenna, which consists of a NEC super low noise high frequency field effect transistor (HF FET) integrated into the center of a segmented patch antenna, was designed for X-band at 8.50 GHz, and occupies a 5 x 6 mm2 area. The active integrated antenna demonstrates stable oscillations and excellent radiation patterns at X-band design frequencies. When biased using a single 1.5 volt battery connected between the source and drain and with the gate terminal open, the antenna effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) and direct current (DC)-to-radiated radio frequency (RF) conversion efficiency are +11.2 dBm and 10.5%, respectively. The radiated power level and directivity are +4.5 dBm and 6.7 dBi, respectively. The phase noise at 100 kHz offset from the carrier is -87.5 dBc/Hz, which is a notable improvement over existing AlA designs. The AlA features compact size and simple geometry, yet provides radiated power levels and radiation efficiencies that are comparable to values typically obtained using circuits that occupy larger areas, and use thicker substrates with much lower dielectric constant values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - MICROSTRIP antennas
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - IMPEDANCE matching
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - ELECTRIC oscillators
KW  - Active integrated antenna (AlA)
KW  - microstrip
KW  - oscillator
KW  - phase noise
N1  - Accession Number: 32064489; Mueller, Carl H. 1 Lee, Richard Q. 2 Romanofsky, Robert R. 2 Kory, Carol L. 1 Lambert, Kevin M. 1 Van Keuls, Frederick W. 3 Miranda, Felix A. 2; Email Address: Felix.A.Miranda@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mission Solutions Group, QinetiQ North America Operations, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  2: Antenna, Microwave and Optical System Branch, Communications Division, NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 22800 USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1236; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: MICROSTRIP antennas; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: IMPEDANCE matching; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: ELECTRIC oscillators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active integrated antenna (AlA); Author-Supplied Keyword: microstrip; Author-Supplied Keyword: oscillator; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase noise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2008.922628
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Janice J.
AU  - Ouellette, Amy L.
AU  - Giovangrandi, Laurent
AU  - Cooper, David E.
AU  - Ricco, Antonio J.
AU  - Kovacs, Gregory T. A.
T1  - Optical Scanner for Immunoassays With Up-Converting Phosphorescent Labels.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1560
EP  - 1571
SN  - 00189294
AB  - A 2-D optical scanner was developed for the imaging and quantification of up-converting phosphor (UCP) labels in immunoassays. With resolution better than 500 μm, a scan rate of 0.4 mm/s, and a 1-2% coefficient of variation for repeatability, this scanner achieved a detection limit of fewer than 100 UCP particles in an 8.8 × 104 μm2 area and a dynamic range that covered more than three orders of magnitude. Utilizing this scanner, a microfluidic chip immunoassay for the cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was developed: concentrations as low as 3 pM (50 pg/mL) were detected from 100 μL samples with a total assay time of under an hour, including the 8 mm readout. For this UCP-based assay, 2-D images of the capture antibody lines were scanned, image processing techniques were employed to extract the UCP emission signals, a response curve that spanned 3-600 pM WN-γ was generated, and a five-parameter logistic mathematical model was fitted to the data for determination of unknown IFN-γ concentrations. Relative to common single-point or 1-D scanning optical measurements, our results suggest that a simple 2-D imaging system can speed assay development, reduce errors, and improve accuracy by characterizing the spatial distribution and uniformity of surface-captured optical labels as a function of assay conditions and device parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - IMMUNOASSAY
KW  - OPTICAL scanners
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - CYTOKINES
KW  - MICROFLUIDICS
KW  - SPATIAL ability
KW  - Cytokine
KW  - immunoassay
KW  - lateral flow
KW  - microfluidics
KW  - optical scanner
KW  - up-converting phosphor (UCP)
N1  - Accession Number: 31836687; Li, Janice J. 1,2; Email Address: janice.li@sri.com Ouellette, Amy L. 3; Email Address: amy.ouellette-comell@yale.edu Giovangrandi, Laurent 1; Email Address: giovan@stanford.edu Cooper, David E. 4; Email Address: david.cooper@sri.com Ricco, Antonio J. 5; Email Address: ajricco@stanford.edu Kovacs, Gregory T. A. 2; Email Address: kovacs@cis.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA  2: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA  3: Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 USA  4: Small Spacecraft Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  5: Departments of Electrical Engineering and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p1560; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: IMMUNOASSAY; Subject Term: OPTICAL scanners; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: CYTOKINES; Subject Term: MICROFLUIDICS; Subject Term: SPATIAL ability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cytokine; Author-Supplied Keyword: immunoassay; Author-Supplied Keyword: lateral flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: microfluidics; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical scanner; Author-Supplied Keyword: up-converting phosphor (UCP); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 12 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2007.914674
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cnockaert, Laurence
AU  - Migeotte, Pierre-François
AU  - Daubigny, Lise
AU  - Prisk, Kim G.
AU  - Grenez, Francis
AU  - Sá, Rui Carlos
T1  - A Method for the Analysis of Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Using Continuous Wavelet Transforms.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1640
EP  - 1642
SN  - 00189294
AB  - A continuous wavelet transform-based method is presented to study the nonstationary strength and phase delay of the respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). The RSA is the cyclic variation of instantaneous heart rate at the breathing frequency. In studies of cardio-respiratory interaction during sleep, paced breathing or postural changes, low respiratory frequencies, and fast changes can occur. Comparison on synthetic data presented here shows that the proposed method outperforms traditional short-time Fourier-transform analysis in these conditions. On the one hand, wavelet analysis presents a sufficient frequency-resolution to handle low respiratory frequencies, for which time frames should be long in Fourier-based analysis. On the other hand, it is able to track fast variations of the signals in both amplitude and phase for which time frames should be short in Fourier-based analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - ARRHYTHMIA
KW  - CARDIOPULMONARY system
KW  - RESPIRATION
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - SLEEP
KW  - POSTURE
KW  - HEART rate monitoring
KW  - PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system
KW  - Cardio-respiratory interaction
KW  - continuous wavelet transform (CWT)
KW  - heart rate variability (HRV)
KW  - respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)
N1  - Accession Number: 31836696; Cnockaert, Laurence 1,2 Migeotte, Pierre-François 3 Daubigny, Lise 4 Prisk, Kim G. 5 Grenez, Francis 1 Sá, Rui Carlos 6; Email Address: rui.carlos.sa@ulb.ac.be; Affiliation:  1: "Laboratoires d'Images, Signaux et Dispositifs de Télécommunications," Faculté des Sciences Appliquées, Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), 1050 Brussels, Belgium  2: Fonds pour la Formation a Ia Recherche dans I'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture, B-1000, Bruxelles, Belgium  3: Signal and Image Center, Royal Military Academy, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium  4: NXP Semiconductors, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  5: Physiology National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0931 USA  6: "Laboratoire de Physique Biomédicale," Université Libre de Bruxelles (U.L.B.), B-1070 Brussels, Belgium; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p1640; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: ARRHYTHMIA; Subject Term: CARDIOPULMONARY system; Subject Term: RESPIRATION; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: SLEEP; Subject Term: POSTURE; Subject Term: HEART rate monitoring; Subject Term: PARASYMPATHETIC nervous system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cardio-respiratory interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: continuous wavelet transform (CWT); Author-Supplied Keyword: heart rate variability (HRV); Author-Supplied Keyword: respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2008.918576
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31836696&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, Guillermo
AU  - Mosca, Hugo O.
AU  - del Grosso, Mariela F.
T1  - Energy of formation, lattice parameter and bulk modulus of (Ni,X)Ti alloys with X=Fe, Pd, Pt, Au, Al, Cu, Zr, Hf
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 16
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 668
EP  - 675
SN  - 09669795
AB  - Abstract: An analysis of the ternary ‘bridge’ Ni50−y XyTi50 alloys with X=Fe, Pd, Pt, Au, Al, Cu, Zr, and Hf was performed using the BFS method for alloys. The lattice parameter, bulk modulus and energy of formation were determined for all the intermediate states in the (B2) transition NiTi to XTi. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - LATTICE dynamics
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - HAFNIUM
KW  - TITANIUM group
KW  - A. Ternary alloy systems
KW  - B. Alloy design
KW  - D. Site occupancy
KW  - E. Simulations, atomistic
KW  - G. Shape memory alloy applications
N1  - Accession Number: 31751465; Bozzolo, Guillermo 1,2; Email Address: guillermobozzolo@oai.org Mosca, Hugo O. 3,4 del Grosso, Mariela F. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, U.A. Física, Av. Gral Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina  4: GCMM, UTN, FRG Pacheco, Av. H. Yrigoyen 288, Gral. Pacheco, Argentina; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p668; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: LATTICE dynamics; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: HAFNIUM; Subject Term: TITANIUM group; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ternary alloy systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Alloy design; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Site occupancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Simulations, atomistic; Author-Supplied Keyword: G. Shape memory alloy applications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.02.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31751465&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Stefan. J.
AU  - Blackford, Cameron
AU  - Bucki, Patricia
AU  - Jahnke, Linda. L .
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Lee
T1  - A salinity and sulfate manipulation of hypersaline microbial mats reveals stasis in the cyanobacterial community structure.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 2
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 457
EP  - 470
SN  - 17517362
AB  - The cyanobacterial community structure and composition of hypersaline mats were characterized in an experiment in which native salinity and sulfate levels were modified. Over the course of approximately 1 year, microbial mats collected from Guerrero Negro (Baja, California Sur, Mexico) were equilibrated to lowered salinity (to 35 p.p.t.) and lowered sulfate (below 1mM) conditions. The structure and composition of the cyanobacterial community in the top 5mm of these mats were examined using a multifaceted cultivation-independent molecular approach. Overall, the relative abundance of cyanobacteria—roughly 20% of the total bacterial community, as assayed with a PCRbased methodology—was not significantly affected by these manipulations. Furthermore, the mat cyanobacterial community was only modestly influenced by the dramatic changes in sulfate and salinity, and the dominant cyanobacteria were unaffected. Community composition analyses confirmed the dominant presence of the cosmopolitan cyanobacterium Microcoleus chthonoplastes, but also revealed the dominance of another Oscillatorian cyanobacterial group, also detected in other hypersaline microbial mats. Cyanobacterial populations increasing in relative abundance under the modified salinity and sulfate conditions were found to be most closely related to other hypersaline microbial mat organisms, suggesting that the development of these mats under native conditions precludes the development of organisms better suited to the less restrictive experimental conditions. These results also indicate that within a significant range of salinity and sulfate concentrations, the cyanobacterial community is remarkably stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - Microcoleus chthonoplastes
KW  - Oscillatoriales
KW  - salinity
KW  - sulfate
N1  - Accession Number: 110628485; Green, Stefan. J. 1,2 Blackford, Cameron 2 Bucki, Patricia 3 Jahnke, Linda. L . 2,4 Prufert-Bebout, Lee 2,4; Email Address: Leslie.E.Bebout@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA.  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.  3: The Agricultural Research Organization of Israel, The Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel.  4: ,; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 2 Issue 5, p457; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microcoleus chthonoplastes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oscillatoriales; Author-Supplied Keyword: salinity; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfate; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2008.6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qi, Chaolong
AU  - Chen, Da-Ren
AU  - Greenberg, Paul
T1  - Performance study of a unipolar aerosol mini-charger for a personal nanoparticle sizer
JO  - Journal of Aerosol Science
JF  - Journal of Aerosol Science
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 450
EP  - 459
SN  - 00218502
AB  - Abstract: We designed and constructed a corona-discharge-based unipolar mini-charger and experimentally evaluated its performance. The simple design and compact size make the prototype mini-charger well suited for use with portable aerosol sizing instruments based on particle electrical mobility techniques. In this work, we optimized the extrinsic charging efficiency of the prototype mini-charger for two different aerosol flow rates (i.e., 0.3 and 1.5lpm). The optimal settings for the prototype operation are: (i) a corona current of and an ion driving voltage of 40V for the 0.3lpm flow rate, and (ii) and 120V for the 1.5lpm flowrate. Both intrinsic and extrinsic charging efficiencies of the prototype mini-charger at the optimal operational conditions were then evaluated for particles in diameters ranging from 10 to 200nm. The intrinsic charging efficiency of the prototype reaches 100% at 20nm for the 0.3lpm flow rate, and 45nm for the 1.5lpm flow rate. The higher intrinsic charging efficiency at the low flowrate is due to the longer residence time of particles in the device. The extrinsic charging efficiency, however, is higher for the 1.5lpm flow rate than for the 0.3lpm flow rate due to charged particle loss in the prototype. Charge distributions of test monodisperse particles of different sizes were also measured by the Tandem-DMA technique. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerosol Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - COMPACTING
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - Corona discharge
KW  - Nanoparticles
KW  - Unipolar aerosol mini-charger
N1  - Accession Number: 31917914; Qi, Chaolong 1 Chen, Da-Ren 1; Email Address: chen@me.wustl.edu Greenberg, Paul 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1180, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  2: Microgravity Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, NASA-Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p450; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: COMPACTING; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corona discharge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unipolar aerosol mini-charger; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2008.01.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sclafani, Anthony J.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Harrison, Neal A.
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Rivers, S. Melissa
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
T1  - CFL3D/OVERFLOW Results for DLR-F6 Wing/Body and Drag Prediction Workshop Wing.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 762
EP  - 762
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A series of overset grids was generated in response to the Third AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW-III) which preceded the 25th Applied Aerodynamics Conference in June 2006. DPW-III focused on accurate drag prediction for wing/body and wing-alone configurations. The grid series built for each configuration consists of a coarse, medium, fine, and extra-fine mesh. The medium mesh is first constructed using the current state of best practices for overset grid generation. The medium mesh is then coarsened and enhanced by applying a factor of 1.5 to each (I, J, K) dimension. The resulting set of parametrically equivalent grids increase in size by a factor of roughly 3.5 from one level to the next denser level. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were performed on the overset grids using two different Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers: CFL3D and OVERFLOW. The results were post-processed using Richardson extrapolation to approximate grid-converged values of lift, drag, pitching moment, and angle of attack at the design condition. This technique appears to work well if the solution does not contain large regions of separated flow (similar to that seen in the DLR-F6 results) and appropriate grid densities are selected. The extra-fine grid data helped to establish asymptotic grid convergence for both the OVERFLOW FX2B wing/body results and the OVERFLOWDPW-W1/W2 wing-alone results. More CFL3D data are needed to establish grid convergence trends. The medium grid was used beyond the grid convergence study by running each configuration at several angles of attack so drag polars and lift/pitching moment curves could be evaluated. The alpha sweep results are used to compare data across configurations as well as across flow solvers. With the exception of the wing/body drag polar, the two codes compare well qualitatively showing consistent incremental trends and similar wing pressure comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR resistance
KW  - SKIN friction (Aerodynamics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 33142755; Sclafani, Anthony J. 1 Vassberg, John C. 2 Harrison, Neal A. 3 Rumsey, Christopher L. 4 Rivers, S. Melissa 5 Morrison, Joseph H. 6; Affiliation:  1: Aerodynamics Engineer 4, Phantom Works, The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647.  2: Aerodynamics Engineer 6, Technical Fellow, Phantom Works, The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647.  3: Aerodynamics Engineer 2, Phantom Works, The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647.  4: Senior Research Scientist, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681.  5: Research Scientist, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681.  6: Research Scientist, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681.; Source Info: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p762; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR resistance; Subject Term: SKIN friction (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Mani, Mori
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Eisfeld, Bernhard
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Zickuhr, Tom
AU  - Laflin, Kelly R.
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
T1  - Abridged Summary of the Third AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 781
EP  - 781
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Third AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW-III) are summarized. The workshop focused on the prediction of both absolute and differential drag levels for wing-body and wing-alone con figurations that are representative of transonic transport aircraft. The baseline DLR-F6 wing-body geometry, previously used in DPWII, is also augmented with a side-of-body fairing to help reduce the complexity of the flow physics in the wing-body juncture region. In addition, two new wing-alone geometries have been developed for DPW-III. Numerical calculations are performed using industry-relevant test cases that include lift-specific and fixed-alpha flight conditions, as well as full drag polars. Drag, lift, and pitching-moment predictions from numerous Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics methods are presented, focused on fully turbulent flows. Solutions are performed on structured, unstructured, and hybrid grid systems. The structured grid sets include point-matched multiblock meshes and overset grid systems. The unstructured and hybrid grid sets are composed of tetrahedral, pyramid, and prismatic elements. Effort was made to provide a high-quality and parametrically consistent family of grids for each grid type about each configuration under study. The wing-body families are composed of a coarse, medium, and fine grid, whereas the wing-alone families also include an extra-fine mesh. These mesh sequences are used to help determine how the provided flow solutions fare with respect to asymptotic grid convergence, and are used to estimate an absolute drag for each configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR resistance
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Longitudinal stability
N1  - Accession Number: 33142756; Vassberg, John C. 1 Tinoco, Edward N. 1 Mani, Mori 1 Brodersen, Olaf P. 2 Eisfeld, Bernhard 2 Wahls, Richard A. 3 Morrison, Joseph H. 4 Zickuhr, Tom 5 Laflin, Kelly R. 5 Mavriplis, Dimitri J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Technical Fellow, The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois 60606-1596.  2: Research Engineer, DLR Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany.  3: Assistant Head, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  4: Research Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  5: Senior Specialist Engineer, Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, Kansas 67218.  6: Professor Mechanical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071.; Source Info: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p781; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR resistance; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Longitudinal stability; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
AU  - Wieseman, Carol D.
T1  - Flutter and Divergence Analysis Using the Generalized Aeroelastic Analysis Method.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 906
EP  - 906
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The generalized aeroelastic analysis method is applied to the analysis of three well-studied check cases: restrained and unrestrained airfoil models and a wing model. An eigenvalue iteration procedure is used for converging upon roots of the complex stability matrix. For the airfoil models, exact root loci are given, which clearly illustrate the nature of the flutter and divergence instabilities. The singularities involved are enumerated, including an additional pole at the origin for the unrestrained airfoil case and the emergence of an additional pole on the positive real axis at the divergence speed for the restrained airfoil case. Inconsistencies and differences among published aeroelastic root loci and the new, exact results are discussed and resolved. The generalization of a doublet lattice method computer code is described, and the code is applied to the calculation of root loci for the wing model for incompressible and for subsonic flow conditions. The error introduced in the reduction of the singular integral equation underlying the unsteady lifting surface theory to a linear algebraic equation is discussed. Acknowledging this inherent error, the solutions of the algebraic equation by generalized aeroelastic analysis method are termed "exact." The singularities of the problem are discussed, and exponential series approximations used in the evaluation of the kernel function are shown to introduce a dense collection of poles and zeroes on the negative real axis. Again, inconsistencies and differences among published aeroelastic root loci and the new, "exact" results are discussed and resolved. In all cases, aeroelastic flutter and divergence speeds and Thus, all points on the computed root loci can be matched-point, consistent solutions without recourse to complex mode tracking logic or dataset interpolation, as in the frequencies are in good agreement with published results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ELASTIC waves
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - MODEL airplanes -- Wings
N1  - Accession Number: 33142765; Edwards, John W. 1 Wieseman, Carol D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, Retired, Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p906; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELASTIC waves; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes -- Wings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lan, C. Edward
AU  - Bianchi, Silvia
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
T1  - Estimation of Nonlinear Aerodynamic Roll Models for Identification of Uncommanded Rolling Motions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 916
EP  - 916
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Detailed analysis of wind-tunnel data in free-to-roll testing of one aircraft model, the preproduction F/A-18E, in a transonic tunnel is presented. The main purpose is to identify possible uncommanded rolling motions of the full-scale aircraft by examining the roll dynamic characteristics of the model in the tunnel. To improve the tunnel balance data, the bearing-friction effect on the balance rolling-moment coefficient was removed. The corrected rolling-moment coefficients are then modeled through a fuzzy-logic algorithm. The resulting aerodynamic models are employed in calculating all roll derivatives by a central-difference scheme. The proposed wing-drop theory relies on the values of the relative aerodynamic stiffness in the rolling equation of motion, which is assumed to be composed of two terms: derivatives with respect to the roll angle alone and second-order derivatives of the rolling-moment coefficient with respect to the roll angle and angle of attack. Wing drop is predicted if the relative aerodynamic stiffness changes sign from that of the overall motion and if the contributions to the rolling-moment coefficient from both the first-order and second-order derivatives are of the same sign and are small in value. This is equivalent to the vanishing of a frequency with damping in the vibration theory. It is found that at a low angle of attack and a transonic Mach number, the dynamic motion is wing rock. As the angle of attack is increased, the wing-drop condition is initially exhibited with a single event, then with multiple occurrences of wing drop at a higher angle of attack, with the magnitude of roll-off angles changing with time. It is also found that wing-rock motion in the tunnel on a free-to-roll test rig is mostly caused by the unstable effect of time rate of sideslip angle, not by the traditional roll damping due to roll rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROLLING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - LATERAL stability of airplanes
KW  - FUZZY logic
KW  - FUZZY systems
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction
N1  - Accession Number: 33142766; Lan, C. Edward 1 Bianchi, Silvia 2 Brandon, Jay M. 3; Affiliation:  1: J. L. Constant Distinguished Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045.  2: Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045.  3: Aerospace Engineer, Flight Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p916; Subject Term: ROLLING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LATERAL stability of airplanes; Subject Term: FUZZY logic; Subject Term: FUZZY systems; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lim, Joon W.
AU  - Strawn, Roger C.
T1  - Computational Modeling of HART II Blade-Vortex Interaction Loading and Wake System.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 923
EP  - 923
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Correlations using a loosely coupled trim methodology of the computational fluid dynamics (OVERFLOW-2) and computational structural dynamics (CAMRAD-II) codes are presented to calculate the helicopter rotor blade-vortex interaction airloads and wake system for the higher-harmonic aeroacoustic rotor test (HART II) rotor at an advance ratio of 0.15. Five different grid models are studied to quantify the effects of grid refinement on rotor-wake resolution. The fine grid model has a total of 113 million grid points and it improves airload predictions compared with the standard grid model for three HART II test cases: baseline, minimum noise, and minimum vibration. The rotorwake positions are well predicted by this fine grid model. The computed vorticity field for a young vortex using the fine grid model is compared with the measured particle image velocimetry data and the results are good. The fine grid model underpredicts the experimental value for the maximum vorticity by 61%. The predicted vortex core radius is 15% in chord for the fine grid while the measured data show about 5% chord length. The predicted swirl velocity is, however, higher than the measured data for this vortex. The results in this paper provide the first quantitative comparisons between the measured and computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics computed flowfield for a helicopter rotor-wake system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Design & construction
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - ROTORS -- Dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 33142767; Lim, Joon W. 1 Strawn, Roger C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), U.S. Army Research, Development and Engineering Command, M/S 215-1, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.; Source Info: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p923; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: ROTORS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Albertani, R.
AU  - Stanford, B.
AU  - DeLoach, R.
AU  - Hubner, J. P.
AU  - Ifju, P.
T1  - Wind-Tunnel Testing and Modeling of a Micro Air Vehicle with Flexible Wings.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1025
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The field of micro air vehicles is relatively immature; consequently, high-fidelity simulations do not yet exist for a generic aircraft. The fidelity of flight dynamic simulations is closely correlated to the reliability of models representing the vehicle's aerodynamic and propulsion characteristics in the entire flight envelope, including the nonlinear region. This paper discusses wind-tunnel experiments performed to investigate the aerodynamic and mechanical characteristics of micro air vehicles with flexible wings in different conditions of propeller type, motor power, and elevator deflections. Visual image correlation was used to measure the deformation of the flexible wings to quantify general features such as variations in aerodynamic and geometric twist angle. Aerodynamic and propulsion results were used to formulate empirical models of the relevant coefficients in the form of multiple linear regressions and to estimate the effectors' functional dependencies and interactions. High-order nonlinear interactions were confirmed between the coefficients of lift, drag, and pitching moment with the independent variables. The rates of the dependencies with elevator deflections and angle of attack were found, to some extent, to be motor voltage and dynamic pressure dependent, evincing a strong coupling with the propeller speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICRO air vehicles
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - FLIGHT
N1  - Accession Number: 33142777; Albertani, R. 1 Stanford, B. 2 DeLoach, R. 3 Hubner, J. P. 4 Ifju, P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Research Assistant Professor, Research and Engineering Education Facility, Shalimar, FL, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.  2: Graduate Research Assistant, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.  3: Senior Research Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681.  4: Assistant Professor, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487.  5: Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.; Source Info: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p1025; Subject Term: MICRO air vehicles; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chang, Chih-Hao
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
T1  - Erratum to “A robust and accurate approach to computing compressible multiphase flow: Stratified flow model and AUSM+-up scheme” [J. Comput. Phys. 225 (2007) 840–873]
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 227
IS  - 10
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 5360
EP  - 5360
SN  - 00219991
N1  - Accession Number: 31564506; Chang, Chih-Hao 1; Email Address: chchang@engineering.ucsb.edu Liou, Meng-Sing 2; Email Address: meng-sing.liou@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Risk Studies and Safety, University of California, Santa Barbara, 6740 Cortona Dr., Goleta, CA 93117, USA  2: Aeropropulsion Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 227 Issue 10, p5360; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.01.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Collier, Arnold S.
T1  - Turbulent Aeroheating Testing of Mars Science Laboratory Entry Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
EP  - 427
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An experimental investigation of turbulent aeroheating on the Mars Science Laboratory entry vehicle heat shield has been conducted in the Arnold Engineering Development Center Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel No. 9. Testing was performed on a 6 in. (0.1524 m) diameter Mars Science Laboratory model in perfect-gas N2 in the tunnel's Mach 8 and Mach 10 nozzles at freestream Reynolds numbers of 4.1 x 106-49 x 106 ft (1.3 x 107-16 x 107 m) and 1.2 x 106-19 x 106 ft (0.39 x 107-62 x 107 m), respectively. These conditions were sufficient to span the regime of boundary-layer flow from completely laminar to fully developed turbulent flow over the entire forebody. A supporting aeroheating test was also conducted in the Langley Research Center 20 Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel at freestream Reynolds numbers of 1 x 106-7 x 106 ft (0.36 x 107-2.2 x 107 m) to help corroborate the Tunnel 9 results. A complementary computational fluid dynamics study was conducted in parallel to the wind-tunnel testing. Laminar and turbulent predictions were generated for the wind-tunnel test conditions and comparisons were performed with the data for the purpose of helping to define uncertainty margins on predictions for aeroheating environments during entry into the Martian atmosphere. Data from both wind-tunnel tests and comparisons with the predictions are presented herein. It was concluded from these comparisons that for perfect-gas conditions, the computational tools could predict fully laminar or fully turbulent heating conditions to within 4± 12 % or better of the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 32989332; Hollis, Brian R. 1 Collier, Arnold S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Arnold Engineering Development Center, White Oak, Silver Spring, Maryland 20901; Source Info: May/Jun2008, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p417; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 26 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.31798
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32989332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gasch, Matthew
AU  - Johnson, Sylvia
AU  - Marschall, Jochen
T1  - Thermal Conductivity Characterization of Hafnium Diboride-Based Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramics.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 91
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1423
EP  - 1432
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - We evaluated the thermal conductivity of HfB2-based ultra-high-temperature ceramics from laser flash diffusivity measurements in the 25°–600°C temperature range. Commercially available powders were used to prepare HfB2 composites containing 20 vol% SiC, some including TaSi2 (5 vol%) and Ir (0.5 or 2 vol%) additions. Samples were consolidated via conventional hot pressing or spark plasma sintering. Processing differences were shown to lead to differences in magnitude and temperature dependence of effective thermal conductivity. We compared results with measured values from heritage materials and analyzed trends using a network model of effective thermal conductivity, incorporating the effects of porosity, grain size, Kapitza resistance, and individual constituent thermal conductivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - HAFNIUM
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - SINTER (Metallurgy)
KW  - ISOSTATIC pressing
KW  - OSMOSIS
N1  - Accession Number: 32000618; Gasch, Matthew 1 Johnson, Sylvia 1 Marschall, Jochen 2; Email Address: jochen.marschall@sri.com; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Protection Materials & Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.  2: Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025.; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p1423; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: HAFNIUM; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: SINTER (Metallurgy); Subject Term: ISOSTATIC pressing; Subject Term: OSMOSIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02364.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Spuckler, Charles M.
T1  - Determination of Scattering and Absorption Coefficients for Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 91
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1603
EP  - 1611
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Prediction of radiative transport through translucent thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) can only be performed if the scattering and absorption coefficients and index of refraction of the TBC are known. To date, very limited information on these coefficients, which depend on both the coating composition and the microstructure, has been available for the very commonly utilized plasma-sprayed 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) TBCs. In this work, the scattering and absorption coefficients of freestanding plasma-sprayed 8YSZ coatings were determined from room-temperature normal-incidence directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance spectra over the wavelength range from 0.8 to 7.5 μm. Spectra were collected over a wide range of coating thickness from 60 to almost 900 μm. From the reflectance and transmittance spectra, the scattering and absorption coefficients as a function of wavelength were obtained by fitting the reflectance and transmittance values predicted by a four flux model to the experimentally measured values at all measured 8YSZ thicknesses. While the combined effects of absorption and scattering were shown in general to exhibit a nonexponential dependence of transmittance on specimen thickness, it was shown that for sufficiently high absorption and optical thickness, an exponential dependence becomes a good approximation. In addition, the implications of the wavelength dependence of the plasma-sprayed 8YSZ scattering and absorption coefficients on (1) obtaining accurate surface-temperature pyrometer measurements and on (2) applying mid-infrared reflectance to monitor TBC delamination are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - MASS attenuation coefficients
KW  - PLASMA spraying
KW  - YTTRIUM
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 32000623; Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.i.eldridge@nasa.gov Spuckler, Charles M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p1603; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: MASS attenuation coefficients; Subject Term: PLASMA spraying; Subject Term: YTTRIUM; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02349.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32000623&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuhn, S. D.
AU  - Sridharan, K.
AU  - Hao, Z.
AU  - Muir, P.
AU  - Suresh, M.
AU  - Singh, A.
AU  - Raj, S. V.
T1  - Biocompatibility of uncoated and diamond-like carbon coated Ti–20%Hf alloy.
JO  - Materials Science & Technology
JF  - Materials Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 575
EP  - 578
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 02670836
AB  - Biocompatibilities of uncoated and diamond like carbon (DLC) coated Ti–20%Hf alloy have been investigated by means of 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell viability quantification using flow cytometry. For comparison, similar tests were performed for pure Ti, Hf, and V as well as a commercial orthopaedic alloy, Ti–6Al–4V. Under the test conditions used, the biocompatibilities of uncoated and DLC coated Ti–20%Hf alloy, pure Hf, and Ti–6Al–4V alloy were comparable to that of pure Ti, a metal known for its superior biocompatibility, while pure V clearly exhibited the lowest biocompatibility of all the materials that were evaluated. The addition of Hf to Ti resulted in significant solid solution strengthening and at 20%Hf concentration the hardness of this alloy was comparable to that of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Ti–Hf alloys and wear resistant, low friction DLC coatings may either be used in conjunction with or may independently hold promise for orthopaedic implants and possibly other biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - ORTHOPEDIC implants
KW  - ARTIFICIAL implants
KW  - FLOW cytometry
KW  - BIOCOMPATIBILITY
KW  - HARDNESS
KW  - Biocompatibility
KW  - Diamond like carbon
KW  - Flow cytometer
KW  - ORTHOPAEDIC
KW  - TI–HF
KW  - Ti-Hf
N1  - Accession Number: 32573070; Kuhn, S. D. 1 Sridharan, K. 1; Email Address: kumar@engr.wisc.edu Hao, Z. 2 Muir, P. 2 Suresh, M. 3 Singh, A. 3 Raj, S. V. 4; Affiliation:  1: College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA  2: Comparative Orthopaedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA  3: Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI 53706, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p575; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: ORTHOPEDIC implants; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL implants; Subject Term: FLOW cytometry; Subject Term: BIOCOMPATIBILITY; Subject Term: HARDNESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biocompatibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diamond like carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow cytometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: ORTHOPAEDIC; Author-Supplied Keyword: TI–HF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ti-Hf; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1179/174328408X281903
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrews, J. C.
AU  - Brennan, S.
AU  - Patty, C.
AU  - Luening, K.
AU  - Pianetta, P.
AU  - Almeida, E.
AU  - van der Meulen, M. C. H.
AU  - Feser, M.
AU  - Gelb, J.
AU  - Rudati, J.
AU  - Tkachuk, A.
AU  - Yun, W. B.
T1  - A High Resolution, Hard X-ray Bio-imaging Facility at SSRL.
JO  - Synchrotron Radiation News
JF  - Synchrotron Radiation News
Y1  - 2008/05//May/Jun2008
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
EP  - 26
SN  - 08940886
AB  - The old saying that seeing is believing has particular resonance for studying biological cells and tissues. Since 1677, when Anton van Leeuwenhoek used a simple light microscope to discover single cell organisms, scientists have relied on structural information obtained from microscopes with improving capabilities to advance the understanding of how biological systems work. Optical and electron microscopes are essential for many of these important discoveries and have been widely employed in biomedical research laboratories. However, various limitations exist in these microscopy techniques. We describe below how the new X-ray imaging facility at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), based on an Xradia nano-XCT full-field transmission X-ray microscope (TXM), can provide complementary and unique capabilities to the current microscopy methods for studying complex biological systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Synchrotron Radiation News is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSCOPY -- Technique
KW  - MEDICAL research
KW  - SYNCHROTRON radiation
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - X-rays
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - MICROSCOPES
KW  - ELECTRON microscopes
KW  - LEEUWENHOEK, Antoni van, 1632-1723
N1  - Accession Number: 33004950; Andrews, J. C. 1 Brennan, S. 1 Patty, C. 1 Luening, K. 1 Pianetta, P. 1 Almeida, E. 2 van der Meulen, M. C. H. 3 Feser, M. 4 Gelb, J. 4 Rudati, J. 4 Tkachuk, A. 4 Yun, W. B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA  4: Xradia, Inc., Concord, CA, USA; Source Info: May/Jun2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p17; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY -- Technique; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRON radiation; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: MICROSCOPES; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; People: LEEUWENHOEK, Antoni van, 1632-1723; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Black and White Photographs, 7 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08940880802123043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Jr., Charles W.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Current–voltage curves for molecular junctions: the issue of the basis set for the metal contacts.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 119
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
EP  - 435
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - We present current–voltage ( I– V) curves for a chain of six Au atoms and for benzene-1,4-dithiol between two Au (111) surfaces computed using a self-consistent, non-equilibrium, Green’s Functions approach in conjunction with a density functional theory (DFT) description of the extended molecule. The solutions are expanded in Gaussian basis sets. In an attempt to improve the description of the molecule-surface bond, we consider one- and two-layer clusters of metal atoms in the extended molecule. To avoid non-physical charging of the bulk metal clusters we add a shift to the diagonal elements of the Fock Matrix of the metal atoms in the DFT treatment; this can be viewed as correcting the self-energies or shifting the Fermi level. The Au6 cluster with the full minimal basis set represents a compromise between accuracy and cost. The Au31(12/19) two-layer cluster results are of about the same quality as the one-layer Au21 cluster, but allows one to study more binding sites. Using a double zeta basis set for three of the top-layer Au atoms of the Au31(12/19) cluster yields result similar to the all minimal basis set, while using all double zeta atoms yields inferior results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - GOLD
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - GAUSSIAN basis sets (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - Current–voltage curves
KW  - Current-voltage curves
KW  - DFT
KW  - Greens Functions
KW  - Molecular electronics
N1  - Accession Number: 31429057; Bauschlicher, Jr., Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Lawson, John W. 1; Email Address: John.W.Lawson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, Center for Advanced Materials and Devices, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 119 Issue 5/6, p429; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: GOLD; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN basis sets (Quantum mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Current–voltage curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Current-voltage curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greens Functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular electronics; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-007-0398-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ene, Nicoleta M.
AU  - Dimofte, Florin
AU  - Keith, Theo G.
T1  - A stability analysis for a hydrodynamic three-wave journal bearing
JO  - Tribology International
JF  - Tribology International
Y1  - 2008/05//
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 442
SN  - 0301679X
AB  - Abstract: The influence of the wave amplitude and oil supply pressure on the dynamic behavior of a hydrodynamic three-wave journal bearing is presented. Both, a transient and a small perturbation technique, were used to predict the threshold to fractional frequency whirl (FFW). In addition, the behavior of the rotor after FFW appeared was determined from the transient analysis. The turbulent effects were also included in the computations. Bearings having a diameter of 30mm, a length of 27.5mm, and a clearance of 35μm were analyzed. Numerical results were compared to experimental results obtained at the NASA GRC. Numerical and experimental results showed that the above-mentioned wave bearing with a wave amplitude ratio of 0.305 operates stably at rotational speeds up to 60,000rpm, regardless of the oil supply pressure. For smaller wave amplitude ratios, a threshold of stability was found. It was observed that the threshold of stability for lower wave amplitude strongly depends on the oil supply pressure and on the wave amplitude. When the FFW occurs, the journal center maintains its trajectory inside the bearing clearance and therefore the rotor can be run safely without damaging the bearing surfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tribology International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - Bearing stability
KW  - Oil inlet pressure
KW  - Wave bearing
N1  - Accession Number: 28753927; Ene, Nicoleta M. 1; Email Address: nene@eng.utoledo.edu Dimofte, Florin 2; Email Address: Forin.Dimofte@grc.nasa.gov Keith, Theo G. 1; Email Address: tkeith@eng.utoledo.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical and Engineering Department, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Road, MS 312, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  2: University of Toledo at NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 23-3, Cleveland, OH 4413, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p434; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FRICTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bearing stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil inlet pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wave bearing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.triboint.2007.10.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=28753927&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orton, Glenn S.
AU  - Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma A.
AU  - Fisher, Brendan M.
AU  - Friedson, A. James
AU  - Parrish, Paul D.
AU  - Nelson, Jesse F.
AU  - Bauermeister, Amber Swenson
AU  - Fletcher, Leigh
AU  - Gezari, Daniel Y.
AU  - Varosi, Frank
AU  - Tokunaga, Alan T.
AU  - Caldwell, John
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Hora, Joseph L.
AU  - Ressler, Michael E.
AU  - Fujiyoshi, Takuya
AU  - Fuse, Tetsuharu
AU  - Hagopian, Hagop
AU  - Martin, Terry Z.
AU  - Bergstralh, Jay T.
T1  - Semi-annual oscillations in Saturn’s low-latitude stratospheric temperatures.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/05/08/
VL  - 453
IS  - 7192
M3  - Article
SP  - 196
EP  - 199
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Observations of oscillations of temperature and wind in planetary atmospheres provide a means of generalizing models for atmospheric dynamics in a diverse set of planets in the Solar System and elsewhere. An equatorial oscillation similar to one in the Earth’s atmosphere has been discovered in Jupiter. Here we report the existence of similar oscillations in Saturn’s atmosphere, from an analysis of over two decades of spatially resolved observations of its 7.8-μm methane and 12.2-μm ethane stratospheric emissions, where we compare zonal-mean stratospheric brightness temperatures at planetographic latitudes of 3.6° and 15.5° in both the northern and the southern hemispheres. These results support the interpretation of vertical and meridional variability of temperatures in Saturn’s stratosphere as a manifestation of a wave phenomenon similar to that on the Earth and in Jupiter. The period of this oscillation is 14.8 ± 1.2 terrestrial years, roughly half of Saturn’s year, suggesting the influence of seasonal forcing, as is the case with the Earth’s semi-annual oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - OSCILLATING chemical reactions
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 31918023; Orton, Glenn S. 1; Email Address: glenn.orton@jpl.nasa.gov Yanamandra-Fisher, Padma A. 1 Fisher, Brendan M. 2 Friedson, A. James 1 Parrish, Paul D. 3 Nelson, Jesse F. 4 Bauermeister, Amber Swenson 5 Fletcher, Leigh 1 Gezari, Daniel Y. 6 Varosi, Frank 7 Tokunaga, Alan T. 8 Caldwell, John 9 Baines, Kevin H. 2 Hora, Joseph L. 10 Ressler, Michael E. 11 Fujiyoshi, Takuya 12 Fuse, Tetsuharu 12 Hagopian, Hagop 13 Martin, Terry Z. 1 Bergstralh, Jay T. 14; Affiliation:  1: MS 169-237, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  2: MS 183-601, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  3: School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Maine, 5709 Bennett Hall, Orono, Maine 04469, USA  5: Astronomy Department, 601 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3411, USA  6: Code 667, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, PO Box 112055, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA  8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2880 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  11: MS 79-5, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  12: Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA  13: Department of Computer Science, 4732 Boelter Hall, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA  14: Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: 5/8/2008, Vol. 453 Issue 7192, p196; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: OSCILLATING chemical reactions; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature06897
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huete, A.R.
AU  - Restrepo-Coupe, N.
AU  - Ratana, P.
AU  - Didan, K.
AU  - Saleska, S.R.
AU  - Ichii, K.
AU  - Panuthai, S.
AU  - Gamo, M.
T1  - Multiple site tower flux and remote sensing comparisons of tropical forest dynamics in Monsoon Asia
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2008/05/15/
VL  - 148
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 748
EP  - 760
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: The spatial and temporal dynamics of tropical forest functioning are poorly understood, partly attributed to a weak seasonality and high tree species diversity at the landscape scale. Recent neotropical rainforest studies with local tower flux measurements have revealed strong seasonal carbon fluxes that follow the availability of sunlight in intact forests, while in areas of forest disturbance, carbon fluxes more closely tracked seasonal water availability. These studies also showed a strong seasonal correspondence of satellite measures of greenness, using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (E VI) with ecosystem carbon fluxes in both intact and disturbed forests, which may enable larger scale extension of tower flux measurements. In this study, we investigated the seasonal patterns and relationships of local site tower flux measures of gross primary productivity (P g) with independent Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite greenness measures across three Monsoon Asia tropical forest types, encompassing drought-deciduous, dry evergreen, and humid evergreen secondary tropical forests. In contrast to neotropical forests, the tropical forests of Monsoon Asia are more extensively degraded and heterogeneous due to intense land use pressures, and therefore, may exhibit unique seasonal patterns of ecosystem fluxes that are more likely water-limited and drought-susceptible. Our results show significant phenologic variability and response to moisture and light controls across the three tropical forest sites and at the regional scale. The drier tropical forests were primarily water-limited, while the wet evergreen secondary forest showed a slight positive trend with light availability. Satellite E VI greenness observations were generally synchronized and linearly related with seasonal and inter-annual tower flux P g measurements at the multiple sites and provided better opportunities for tower extension of carbon fluxes than other satellite products, such as the MODIS P g product. Satellite E VI-derived P g images revealed strong seasonal variations in photosynthetic activity throughout the Monsoon Asia tropical region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TREES
KW  - NURSERY stock
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DROUGHTS
KW  - AsiaFlux
KW  - MODIS E VI
KW  - Phenology
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Tropical forests
N1  - Accession Number: 32073054; Huete, A.R. 1,2; Email Address: ahuete@ag.arizona.edu Restrepo-Coupe, N. 3 Ratana, P. 4 Didan, K. 1 Saleska, S.R. 2,3 Ichii, K. 5 Panuthai, S. 6 Gamo, M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Soil, Water & Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Department of Geotechnology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand  5: San Jose State University and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand  7: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 148 Issue 5, p748; Subject Term: TREES; Subject Term: NURSERY stock; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DROUGHTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: AsiaFlux; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS E VI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical forests; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411130 Nursery stock and plant merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111421 Nursery and Tree Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424930 Flower, Nursery Stock, and Florists' Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.01.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, Carl H.
AU  - Van Keuls, Frederick W.
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert R.
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
T1  - ERROR VECTOR MEASUREMENTS OF BST COUPLED MICROSTRIPLINE PHASE SHIFTERS (CMPS) USING DIFFERENT TYPES OF MODULATION.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2008/05/15/
VL  - 100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 273
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Error vector measurements (EVM) are used to investigate whether the nonlinear properties of a ferroelectric coupled microstrip phase shifter (CMPS) impact the quality of a radio frequency (RF) signal that is modulated, transmitted through the ferroelectric CMPS, and demodulated. Measurements were performed using a variety of phase shift key (PSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats. At RF power levels up to +6 dBm and symbol rates up to 7 megasamples per second (Msps), we observed no degradation in EVM that could be associated with the ferroelectric phase shifter. These preliminary results are encouraging for the suitability of these devices to perform in high power, high bandwidth space communication applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - PHASE shifters
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - BST thin films
KW  - coupled microstripline
KW  - EVM
KW  - ferroelectric
KW  - modulation
KW  - phase shifters
KW  - tunable
N1  - Accession Number: 35731374; Mueller, Carl H. 1; Email Address: carl.mueller@grc.nasa.gov Van Keuls, Frederick W. 2 Romanofsky, Robert R. 3 Miranda, Félix A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Qinetiq North America, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 100 Issue 1, p263; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: PHASE shifters; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: BST thin films; Author-Supplied Keyword: coupled microstripline; Author-Supplied Keyword: EVM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase shifters; Author-Supplied Keyword: tunable; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580802543409
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Yeonjoon
AU  - King, Glen C.
AU  - Choi, Sang H.
T1  - Rhombohedral epitaxy of cubic SiGe on trigonal c-plane sapphire
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2008/05/15/
VL  - 310
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2724
EP  - 2731
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: Highly [111]-oriented rhombohedral hetero-structure epitaxy of cubic SiGe semiconductor on trigonal c-plane sapphire was achieved and characterized with two new advanced X-ray diffraction methods to control the formation of primary-twin crystals. The formation of twin crystals on (111) plane was controlled with growth parameters such that the volume percentage of primary-twin crystal was reduced from 40% to 0.3% compared to the majority single crystal. The control of stacking faults can yield single-crystalline semiconductors without defects or improved thermoelectric materials with twinned crystals for phonon scattering while maintaining electrical integrity. In this study, about 94% of all epitaxial layers were fabricated in a single-crystalline phase. We propose the temperature-dependent alignment model of energetically favored majority single-crystalline SiGe layer on c-plane sapphire. This study shows that nearly single-crystalline cubic semiconductors can be grown in the [111] orientation on the basal (0001) planes of selected trigonal crystal substrates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEMATITE
KW  - EPITAXY
KW  - SAPPHIRES
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - A1. Crystal Structure
KW  - A2. Single-crystal growth
KW  - A3. Polycrystalline deposition
KW  - B2. Semiconducting materials
N1  - Accession Number: 32054752; Park, Yeonjoon 1; Email Address: y.park@nianet.org King, Glen C. 2 Choi, Sang H. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 310 Issue 11, p2724; Subject Term: HEMATITE; Subject Term: EPITAXY; Subject Term: SAPPHIRES; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Crystal Structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: A2. Single-crystal growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Polycrystalline deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. Semiconducting materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.02.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Anderson, Robert C.
AU  - Barlow, Nadine G.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hirdy
AU  - Davies, Ashley G.
AU  - Jeffrey Taylor, G.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Keller, John
AU  - Kerry, Kris
AU  - Janes, Daniel
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Glamoclija, Mihaela
AU  - Marinangeli, Lucia
AU  - Ori, Gian G.
AU  - Strom, Robert G.
AU  - Williams, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Ferris, Justin C.
AU  - Rodríguez, J.A.P.
T1  - Recent geological and hydrological activity on Mars: The Tharsis/Elysium corridor
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2008/05/15/
VL  - 56
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 985
EP  - 1013
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The paradigm of an ancient warm, wet, and dynamically active Mars, which transitioned into a cold, dry, and internally dead planet, has persisted up until recently despite published Viking-based geologic maps that indicate geologic and hydrologic activity extending into the Late Amazonian epoch. This paradigm is shifting to a water-enriched planet, which may still exhibit internal activity, based on a collection of geologic, hydrologic, topographic, chemical, and elemental evidences obtained by the Viking, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Odyssey (MO), Mars Exploration Rovers (MER), and Mars Express (MEx) missions. The evidence includes: (1) stratigraphically young rock materials such as pristine lava flows with few, if any, superposed impact craters; (2) tectonic features that cut stratigraphically young materials; (3) features with possible aqueous origin such as structurally controlled channels that dissect stratigraphically young materials and anastomosing-patterned slope streaks on hillslopes; (4) spatially varying elemental abundances for such elements as hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) recorded in rock materials up to 0.33m depth; and (5) regions of elevated atmospheric methane. This evidence is pronounced in parts of Tharsis, Elysium, and the region that straddles the two volcanic provinces, collectively referred to here as the Tharsis/Elysium corridor. Based in part on field investigations of Solfatara Crater, Italy, recommended as a suitable terrestrial analog, the Tharsis/Elysium corridor should be considered a prime target for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) investigations and future science-driven exploration to investigate whether Mars is internally and hydrologically active at the present time, and whether the persistence of this activity has resulted in biologic activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAVA flows
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - MAGMATISM
KW  - METHANE
KW  - Hydrothermal activity
KW  - Life
KW  - Magmatism
KW  - Mars
KW  - Present Mars
KW  - Tectonism
N1  - Accession Number: 32087878; Dohm, James M. 1,2; Email Address: jmd@hwr.arizona.edu Anderson, Robert C. 3 Barlow, Nadine G. 4 Miyamoto, Hirdy 5 Davies, Ashley G. 3 Jeffrey Taylor, G. 6 Baker, Victor R. 1,2 Boynton, William V. 2 Keller, John 2 Kerry, Kris 2 Janes, Daniel 2 Fairén, Alberto G. 7,8 Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 9 Glamoclija, Mihaela 10 Marinangeli, Lucia 10 Ori, Gian G. 10 Strom, Robert G. 2 Williams, Jean-Pierre 11 Ferris, Justin C. 12 Rodríguez, J.A.P. 13; Affiliation:  1: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721,USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Techonolgy, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA  5: Department of Geosystem Engineering, University of Tokyo, Japan  6: Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822, USA  7: Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain  8: Space Science and Astrobiology, Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA  10: IRSPS, Università d’Annunzio, Pescara, Italy  11: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  12: West Coast and Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Palmer, AK 99645, USA  13: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 56 Issue 7, p985; Subject Term: LAVA flows; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: MAGMATISM; Subject Term: METHANE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrothermal activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magmatism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Present Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tectonism; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.01.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hakkila, Jon
AU  - Giblin, Timothy W.
AU  - Norris, Jay P.
AU  - Fragile, P. Chris
AU  - Bonnell, Jerry T.
AU  - Wells, Mark
T1  - Gamma-Ray Burst Pulse Lags.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/05/22/
VL  - 1000
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 109
EP  - 112
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Gamma-ray burst (GRB) spectral lags are pulse rather than burst characteristics. Most GRB pulses have well-defined properties: short-lag pulses have shorter durations and are brighter than long-lag pulses. These properties are present in the observer's frame, implying that pulse characteristics are intrinsic and are more pronounced than cosmological effects. We show how the GRB lag measured by the cross-correlation function is primarily that of the brightest, shortest-lag pulse, and is insensitive to the presence of longer-lag pulses. The hypothesis that long-lag pulses are related to external shocks is thus placed in doubt because (1) short-lag pulses often precede long-lag ones temporally, and (2) the range of pulse lags seems to span the range of GRB lags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - GAMMA ray astronomy
KW  - X-ray bursts
KW  - gamma-ray bursts
N1  - Accession Number: 32128964; Hakkila, Jon 1 Giblin, Timothy W. 2 Norris, Jay P. 3 Fragile, P. Chris 1 Bonnell, Jerry T. 4 Wells, Mark 1; Affiliation:  1: Dept. Phys. and Astron., College of Charleston, Charleston, SC.  2: Dept. Phys. and Astron., Univ. of North Carolina, Asheville, NC.  3: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.  4: UMCP/CRESST/GSFC - Greenbelt, MD.; Source Info: 5/22/2008, Vol. 1000 Issue 1, p109; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: GAMMA ray astronomy; Subject Term: X-ray bursts; Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma-ray bursts; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2943420
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stamatikos, Michael
AU  - Ukwatta, Tilan N.
AU  - Sakamoto, Takanori
AU  - Barthelmy, Scott D.
AU  - Norris, Jay P.
AU  - Gehrels, Neil
AU  - Dhuga, Kalvir S.
T1  - Investigating the Lag-Luminosity Relation in the Swift Era with the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT).
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/05/22/
VL  - 1000
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 141
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We report on an investigation that confronts the lag-luminosity relation (LLR), i.e. a surrogate redshift parameterization based upon an empirically determined anti-correlation between the observed isotropic luminosity and the temporal lag between the arrivals of photon pulses in low (25–50 keV) and high (100–300 keV) energy bands, with observations of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with Swift's Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Our initial methodology is based upon a cross-correlation function (CCF) analysis of 64 ms BAT light curves (temporal spectra), for a small subset of GRBs with observed spectroscopic redshift (zobs). Our preliminary results span 4 temporal decades and indicate an agreement with LLR, within the margins of error (excluding GRBs 980425 and 060218). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - RED shift
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Gamma-Ray Bursts and Temporal analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 32128956; Stamatikos, Michael 1 Ukwatta, Tilan N. 1,2 Sakamoto, Takanori 1,3 Barthelmy, Scott D. 1 Norris, Jay P. 4 Gehrels, Neil 1 Dhuga, Kalvir S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  2: The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA.  3: CRESST, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.  4: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000.; Source Info: 5/22/2008, Vol. 1000 Issue 1, p137; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma-Ray Bursts and Temporal analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2943428
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norris, Jay P.
AU  - Gehrels, Neil
T1  - Prevalence of Extended Emission in Short GRBs.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/05/22/
VL  - 1000
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 283
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The soft, low-intensity component persisting for tens of seconds after the much more intense initial pulse complex (IPC) in short bursts is apparent in both the BATSE and Swift/BAT samples. This extended emission (EE) component is present in ∼25% of BAT and BATSE short bursts. The average principle properties of IPCs of short bursts with and without EE are indistin-guishable, suggesting that short bursts are “unified”. In most short bursts with EE the ratio of average EE flux to peak IPC flux ranges over R∼10-3-5×10-2. A statistical treatment of the BATSE sample, and calibration of the BAT sensitivity to the EE component, suggest that R∼10-3 may be the lower cutoff—that ∼3/4 of short GRBs are truly short with no EE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - GAMMA ray astronomy
KW  - X-ray bursts
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - gamma-ray bursts
N1  - Accession Number: 32128921; Norris, Jay P. 1 Gehrels, Neil 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000.  2: Astroparticle Physics Division, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.; Source Info: 5/22/2008, Vol. 1000 Issue 1, p280; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: GAMMA ray astronomy; Subject Term: X-ray bursts; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma-ray bursts; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2943463
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32128921&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Falcone, A. D.
AU  - Williams, D. A.
AU  - Baring, M. G.
AU  - Blandford, R.
AU  - Connaughton, V.
AU  - Coppi, P.
AU  - Dermer, C.
AU  - Dingus, B.
AU  - Fryer, C.
AU  - Gehrels, N.
AU  - Granot, J.
AU  - Horan, D.
AU  - Katz, J. I.
AU  - Kuehn, K.
AU  - Mészáros, P.
AU  - Norris, J.
AU  - Parkinson, P. Saz
AU  - Pe'er, A.
AU  - Ramirez-Ruiz, E.
AU  - Razzaque, S.
T1  - The Gamma Ray Burst section of the White Paper on the Status and Future of Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy: A Brief Preliminary Report.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/05/22/
VL  - 1000
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 611
EP  - 615
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This is a short report on the preliminary findings of the gamma ray burst (GRB) working group for the white paper on the status and future of very high energy (VHE;>50 GeV) gamma-ray astronomy. The white paper discusses the status of past and current attempts to observe GRBs at GeV-TeV energies, including a handful of low-significance, possible detections. The white paper concentrates on the potential of future ground-based gamma-ray experiments to observe the highest energy emission ever recorded for GRBs, particularly for those that are nearby and have high Lorentz factors in the GRB jet. It is clear that the detection of VHE emission would have strong implications for GRB models, as well as cosmic ray origin. In particular, the extended emission phase (including both afterglow emission and possible flaring) of nearby long GRBs could provide the best possibility for detection. The difficult-to-obtain observations during the prompt phase of nearby long GRBs and short GRBs could also provide particularly strong constraints on the opacity and bulk Lorentz factors surrounding the acceleration site. The synergy with upcoming and existing observatories will, of course, be critical for both identification of GRBs and for multiwavelength/multimessenger studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA ray astronomy
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - SPACE astronomy
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - GRBs
KW  - VHE Gamma-Rays
N1  - Accession Number: 32128839; Falcone, A. D. 1 Williams, D. A. 2 Baring, M. G. 3 Blandford, R. 4 Connaughton, V. 5 Coppi, P. 6 Dermer, C. 7 Dingus, B. 8 Fryer, C. 8 Gehrels, N. 9 Granot, J. 4 Horan, D. 10 Katz, J. I. 11 Kuehn, K. 12 Mészáros, P. 1 Norris, J. 13 Parkinson, P. Saz 2 Pe'er, A. 14 Ramirez-Ruiz, E. 15 Razzaque, S. 7; Affiliation:  1: Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802.  2: Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064.  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251-1892.  4: KIPAC, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309.  5: National Space Science and Technology Center, Huntsville, AL 35805.  6: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101.  7: US Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook SW, Washington, DC, 20375-5352.  8: Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545.  9: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.  10: Argonne National Lab, Argonne IL 60439.  11: Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130.  12: Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210.  13: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  14: Space Science Telescope Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218.  15: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064.; Source Info: 5/22/2008, Vol. 1000 Issue 1, p611; Subject Term: GAMMA ray astronomy; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: SPACE astronomy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Author-Supplied Keyword: GRBs; Author-Supplied Keyword: VHE Gamma-Rays; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2943545
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Woodcock, Curtis E.
AU  - Allen, Richard
AU  - Anderson, Martha
AU  - Belward, Alan
AU  - Bindschadler, Robert
AU  - Cohen, Warren
AU  - Gao, Feng
AU  - Goward, Samuel N.
AU  - Helder, Dennis
AU  - Helmer, Eileen
AU  - Nemani, Rama
AU  - Oreopoulos, Lazaros
AU  - Schott, John
AU  - Thenkabail, Prasad S
AU  - Vermote, Eric F.
AU  - Vogelmann, James
AU  - Wulder, Michael A.
AU  - Wynne, Randolph
T1  - Free Access to Landsat Imagery.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/05/23/
VL  - 320
IS  - 5879
M3  - Letter
SP  - 1011
EP  - 1011
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented about the release of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)'s new Landsat Data Distribution Policy which provides free access to Landsat images.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 32479977; Woodcock, Curtis E. 1; Email Address: curtis@bu.edu Allen, Richard 2 Anderson, Martha 3 Belward, Alan 4 Bindschadler, Robert 5 Cohen, Warren 6 Gao, Feng 5 Goward, Samuel N. 1 Helder, Dennis 7 Helmer, Eileen 8 Nemani, Rama 9 Oreopoulos, Lazaros 5 Schott, John 10 Thenkabail, Prasad S 11 Vermote, Eric F. 12 Vogelmann, James 13 Wulder, Michael A. 14 Wynne, Randolph 15; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  2: University of Idaho Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, ID B3341, USA  3: USDA-Agricultural Research Service, Hydrology and Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA  4: European Commission Joint Research Center, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Global Environment Monitoring Unit, 21020, Ispra, Varese, Italy  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA  7: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA  8: International Institute of Tropical Forestry, U.S. Forest Service/Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  10: Rochester Institute of Technology, Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester, NY 14623, USA  11: International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 127, Sunil Mawatha, Battaramulla, Colombo, Sri Lanka  12: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  13: SAIC/USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA  14: Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Centre, Victoria, BC VBZ 1M5, Canada  15: Department of Forestry, Virginia Tech University, Bfacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Source Info: 5/23/2008, Vol. 320 Issue 5879, p1011; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Ruff, S.
AU  - Getiert, R.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Crumpter, L.
AU  - Farmer, J. D.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
AU  - Yen, A.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Wang, A.
AU  - McCoy, T. J.
AU  - Schmidt, M. E.
AU  - de Souza Jr., P. A.
T1  - Detection of Silica-Rich Deposits on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/05/23/
VL  - 320
IS  - 5879
M3  - Article
SP  - 1063
EP  - 1067
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Mineral deposits on the martian surface can elucidate ancient environmental conditions on the planet. Opaline silica deposits (as much as 91 weight percent SiO2) have been found in association with volcanic materials by the Mars rover Spirit. The deposits are present both as Light-toned soils and as bedrock. We interpret these materials to have formed under hydrothermal conditions and therefore to be strong indicators of a former aqueous environment. This discovery is important for understanding the past habitability of Mars because hydrothermal environments on Earth support thriving microbial ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL deposits
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SILICA
KW  - OPAL glass
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 32480002; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu Arvidson, R. E. 2 Ruff, S. 3 Getiert, R. 4 Morris, R. V. 5 Ming, D. W. 5 Crumpter, L. 6 Farmer, J. D. 3 Des Marais, D. J. 7 Yen, A. 8 McLennan, S. M. 9 Calvin, W. 10 Bell III, J. F. 1 Clark, B. C. 11 Wang, A. 2 McCoy, T. J. 12 Schmidt, M. E. 12 de Souza Jr., P. A. 13; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada  5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  6: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA  10: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA  11: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA  12: Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA  13: Tasmanian Information and Communication Technology Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Castray Esplanade, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Source Info: 5/23/2008, Vol. 320 Issue 5879, p1063; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL deposits; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: OPAL glass; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1155429
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shreiber, D.
AU  - Gupta, M.
AU  - Cravey, R.
T1  - Microwave nondestructive evaluation of dielectric materials with a metamaterial lens
JO  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2008/05/28/
VL  - 144
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
EP  - 55
SN  - 09244247
AB  - Abstract: A novel microwave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) sensor was developed in an attempt to increase the sensitivity of the microwave NDE method for detection of defects small relative to a wavelength. The sensor was designed on the basis of a negative index material (NIM) lens. Characterization of the lens was performed to determine its resonant frequency, index of refraction, focus spot size, and optimal focusing length (for proper sample location). A sub-wavelength spot size (3dB) of 0.48λ was obtained. The proof of concept for the sensor was achieved when a fiberglass sample with a 3mm diameter through hole (perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wave) was tested. The hole was successfully detected with an 8.2cm wavelength electromagnetic wave. This method is able to detect a defect that is 0.037λ. This method has certain advantages over other far field and near field microwave NDE methods currently in use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLASS fibers
KW  - GLASS fiber sculpture
KW  - GLASS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - Metamaterial lens
KW  - Microwave NDE
KW  - Near field imaging
KW  - Negative index of refraction
KW  - Sub-wavelength focusing
N1  - Accession Number: 31923575; Shreiber, D. 1 Gupta, M. 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu Cravey, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States  2: Electromagnetics and Sensors Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: May2008, Vol. 144 Issue 1, p48; Subject Term: GLASS fibers; Subject Term: GLASS fiber sculpture; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metamaterial lens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave NDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near field imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Negative index of refraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-wavelength focusing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327993 Mineral Wool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326193 Motor vehicle plastic parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sna.2007.12.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Isaac, K. M.
AU  - Rolwes, Jessica
AU  - Colozza, Anthony
T1  - Aerodynamics of a Flapping and Pitching Wing Using Simulations and Experiments.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1505
EP  - 1505
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Computational fluid dynamics simulation results for a thin cambered plate airfoil, and flow visualization and force measurements from experiments conducted in water on a flapping-and-pitching thin flat-plate wing of semi-elliptic planform at low Reynolds numbers are reported. Time-varying force data, measured using a force transducer, provide a means to understand the mechanisms that lead to enhanced performance observed in insect flight compared with fixed-wing aerodynamics. Experimental uncertainties associated with low-level (∼1 N) fluid dynamic force measurements on flapping-and-pitching wings, including inertia effects, are addressed. A previously proposed pitching mode in which the leading-edge and trailing-edge switch roles to allow using cambered airfoils is shown to be feasible. A vortex-trapping model is proposed to explain the aerodynamic advantages of switching. The present results also support the authors' proposed idea that an optimum reduced flapping frequency might exist. The study has applications in micro air vehicle development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - INSECT flight
KW  - VORTEX motion
N1  - Accession Number: 33434350; Isaac, K. M. 1 Rolwes, Jessica 2 Colozza, Anthony 3; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1870 Miner Circle, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409.  2: Graduate Assistant, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 1870 Miner Circle, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409.  3: Project Engineer, Mail Stop 301-3, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1505; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: INSECT flight; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrew D.  Aubrey
AU  - John H.  Chalmers
AU  - Jeffrey L.  Bada
AU  - Frank J.  Grunthaner
AU  - Xenia  Amashukeli
AU  - Peter  Willis
AU  - Alison M.  Skelley
AU  - Richard A.  Mathies
AU  - Richard C.  Quinn
AU  - Aaron P.  Zent
AU  - Pascale  Ehrenfreund
AU  - Ron  Amundson
AU  - Daniel P.  Glavin
AU  - Oliver  Botta
AU  - Laurence  Barron
AU  - Diana L.  Blaney
AU  - Benton C.  Clark
AU  - Max  Coleman
AU  - Beda A.  Hofmann
AU  - Jean-Luc  Josset
T1  - The UreyInstrument: An Advanced In SituOrganic and Oxidant Detector for Mars Exploration.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 583
EP  - 595
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractThe Ureyorganic and oxidant detector consists of a suite of instruments designed to search for several classes of organic molecules in the martian regolith and ascertain whether these compounds were produced by biotic or abiotic processes using chirality measurements. These experiments will also determine the chemical stability of organic molecules within the host regolith based on the presence and chemical reactivity of surface and atmospheric oxidants. Ureyhas been selected for the Pasteur payload on the European Space Agency's (ESA's) upcoming 2013 ExoMars rover mission. The diverse and effective capabilities of Ureymake it an integral part of the payload and will help to achieve a large portion of the mission's primary scientific objective: “to search for signs of past and present life on Mars.” This instrument is named in honor of Harold Urey for his seminal contributions to the fields of cosmochemistry and the origin of life. Astrobiology 8, 583–595. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - CRUST
KW  - EUROPEAN Space Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 33943101; Andrew D.  Aubrey 1 John H.  Chalmers 2 Jeffrey L.  Bada 2 Frank J.  Grunthaner 1 Xenia  Amashukeli 1 Peter  Willis 1 Alison M.  Skelley 3 Richard A.  Mathies 4 Richard C.  Quinn 5 Aaron P.  Zent 6 Pascale  Ehrenfreund 7 Ron  Amundson 4 Daniel P.  Glavin 8 Oliver  Botta 9 Laurence  Barron 10 Diana L.  Blaney 1 Benton C.  Clark 11 Max  Coleman 1 Beda A.  Hofmann 12 Jean-Luc  Josset 13; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.  2: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California.  3: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.  4: University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California.  5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  7: Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands.  8: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.  9: International Space Science Institute, Bern, Switzerland.  10: University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.  11: Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Denver, Colorado.  12: Natural History Museum, Bern, Switzerland.  13: SPACE-X Exploration Institute, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p583; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: CRUST; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Space Agency; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - R.C.  Elphic
AU  - P.  Chu
AU  - S.  Hahn
AU  - M.R.  James
AU  - D.J.  Lawrence
AU  - T.H.  Prettyman
AU  - J.B.  Johnson
AU  - R.K.  Podgorney
T1  - Surface and Downhole Prospecting Tools for Planetary Exploration: Tests of Neutron and Gamma Ray Probes.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 639
EP  - 652
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractThe ability to locate and characterize icy deposits and other hydrogenous materials on the Moon and Mars will help us understand the distribution of water and, therefore, possible habitats at Mars, and may help us locate primitive prebiotic compounds at the Moon's poles. We have developed a rover-borne neutron probe that localizes a near-surface icy deposit and provides information about its burial depth and abundance. We have also developed a borehole neutron probe to determine the stratigraphy of hydrogenous subsurface layers while operating within a drill string segment. In our field tests, we have used a neutron source to “illuminate” surrounding materials and gauge the instruments' efficacy, and we can simulate accurately the observed instrument responses using a Monte Carlo nuclear transport code (MCNPX). An active neutron source would not be needed for lunar or martian near-surface exploration: cosmic-ray interactions provide sufficient neutron flux to depths of several meters and yield better depth and abundance sensitivity than an active source. However, for deep drilling (≥10 m depth), a source is required. We also present initial tests of a borehole gamma ray lithodensity tool and demonstrate its utility in determining soil or rock densities and composition. Astrobiology 8, 639–652. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - RADIATION sources
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 33943088; R.C.  Elphic 1 P.  Chu 2 S.  Hahn 3 M.R.  James 4 D.J.  Lawrence 5 T.H.  Prettyman 6 J.B.  Johnson 7 R.K.  Podgorney 8; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Systems Branch, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Honeybee Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corporation, Houston, Texas.  3: Space Instrumentation and System Engineering Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.  4: Nuclear Design and Risk Analysis, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico.  5: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Space Department, Planetary Exploration Group, Laurel, Maryland.  6: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona.  7: US Army Corps of Engineers, ERDC-Cold Regions and Engineering Laboratory, Ft. Wainwright, Arkansas.  8: Modeling and Measurement Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho.; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p639; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: RADIATION sources; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - B.  Glass
AU  - H.  Cannon
AU  - M.  Branson
AU  - S.  Hanagud
AU  - G.  Paulsen
T1  - DAME: Planetary-Prototype Drilling Automation.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 664
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractWe describe results from the Drilling Automation for Mars Exploration (DAME) project, including those of the summer 2006 tests from an Arctic analog site. The drill hardware is a hardened, evolved version of the Advanced Deep Drill by Honeybee Robotics. DAME has developed diagnostic and executive software for hands-off surface operations of the evolved version of this drill. The DAME drill automation tested from 2004 through 2006 included adaptively controlled drilling operations and the downhole diagnosis of drilling faults. It also included dynamic recovery capabilities when unexpected failures or drilling conditions were discovered. DAME has developed and tested drill automation software and hardware under stressful operating conditions during its Arctic field testing campaigns at a Mars analog site. Astrobiology 8, 653–664. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - DIRECTIONAL drilling
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 33943099; B.  Glass 1 H.  Cannon 1 M.  Branson 1 S.  Hanagud 2 G.  Paulsen 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.  3: Honeybee Robotics, New York, New York.; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p653; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Subject Term: DIRECTIONAL drilling; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - K.  Zacny
AU  - Y.  Bar-Cohen
AU  - M.  Brennan
AU  - G.  Briggs
AU  - G.  Cooper
AU  - K.  Davis
AU  - B.  Dolgin
AU  - D.  Glaser
AU  - B.  Glass
AU  - S.  Gorevan
AU  - J.  Guerrero
AU  - C.  McKay
AU  - G.  Paulsen
AU  - S.  Stanley
AU  - C.  Stoker
T1  - Drilling Systems for Extraterrestrial Subsurface Exploration.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 665
EP  - 706
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractDrilling consists of 2 processes: breaking the formation with a bit and removing the drilled cuttings. In rotary drilling, rotational speed and weight on bit are used to control drilling, and the optimization of these parameters can markedly improve drilling performance. Although fluids are used for cuttings removal in terrestrial drilling, most planetary drilling systems conduct dry drilling with an auger. Chip removal via water-ice sublimation (when excavating water-ice–bound formations at pressure below the triple point of water) and pneumatic systems are also possible. Pneumatic systems use the gas or vaporization products of a high-density liquid brought from Earth, gas provided by an in situcompressor, or combustion products of a monopropellant. Drill bits can be divided into coring bits, which excavate an annular shaped hole, and full-faced bits. While cylindrical cores are generally superior as scientific samples, and coring drills have better performance characteristics, full-faced bits are simpler systems because the handling of a core requires a very complex robotic mechanism. The greatest constraints to extraterrestrial drilling are (1) the extreme environmental conditions, such as temperature, dust, and pressure; (2) the light-time communications delay, which necessitates highly autonomous systems; and (3) the mission and science constraints, such as mass and power budgets and the types of drilled samples needed for scientific analysis. A classification scheme based on drilling depth is proposed. Each of the 4 depth categories (surface drills, 1-meter class drills, 10-meter class drills, and deep drills) has distinct technological profiles and scientific ramifications. Astrobiology 8, 665–706. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BITS (Drilling & boring)
KW  - DRILLING & boring machinery
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - ROTARY drilling
N1  - Accession Number: 33943092; K.  Zacny 1 Y.  Bar-Cohen 2 M.  Brennan 3 G.  Briggs 4 G.  Cooper 5 K.  Davis 1 B.  Dolgin 3 D.  Glaser 1 B.  Glass 4 S.  Gorevan 1 J.  Guerrero 6 C.  McKay 4 G.  Paulsen 1 S.  Stanley 7 C.  Stoker 4; Affiliation:  1: Honeybee Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corporation, New York.  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory JPL/Caltech/NASA, Pasadena, California.  3: Raytheon-UTD, Springfield, Virginia.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  5: University of California, Berkeley, California.  6: ATK Space Systems, Inc. (formerly Swales Aerospace), Pasadena, California.  7: Alliance Spacesystems, LLC, Pasadena, California.; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p665; Subject Term: BITS (Drilling & boring); Subject Term: DRILLING & boring machinery; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: ROTARY drilling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333120 Construction Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332216 Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333130 Mining and oil and gas field machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333515 Cutting Tool and Machine Tool Accessory Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333132 Oil and Gas Field Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333131 Mining Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332210 Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417220 Mining and oil and gas well machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333517 Machine Tool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213111 Drilling Oil and Gas Wells; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213117 Contract drilling (except oil and gas); NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 532412 Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Bowman, Kevin W.
AU  - Burrows, John P.
AU  - Richter, Andreas
AU  - Chance, Kelly W.
AU  - Edwards, David P.
AU  - Martin, Randall V.
AU  - Morris, Gary A.
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Ziemke, Jerald R.
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim A.
AU  - Creilson, John K.
AU  - Schaack, Todd K.
AU  - Thompson, Anne M.
T1  - REMOTE SENSING OF TROPOSPHERIC POLLUTION FROM SPACE.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 89
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 805
EP  - 821
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article reports on remote sensing of tropospheric pollution from space. It is said that the ability to measure air pollution and other chemically reactive trace gases in the lower atmosphere from satellites has a heritage dating back nearly three decades. Tropospheric ozone is said to be the central character that drives the chemistry of the lower atmosphere. The two major sources of O3 are said to be its transport from the huge stratospheric reservoir and its in situ photochemical production from the release of anthropogenic and biogenic precursors that are oxidized in the atmosphere to eventually become ozone. It is stated that from satellites, HCHO, CO, O, and NO2 can be measured.  INSETS: THE NRC REPORT;BASIC TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND WHAT CAN BE OBSERVED FROM SPACE.
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AIR pollution -- Measurement
KW  - AIR pollution forecasting
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - FREE-space optical technology
KW  - AIR analysis
KW  - CONTINUOUS emission monitoring
KW  - EMISSION inventories
N1  - Accession Number: 33064223; Fishman, Jack 1; Email Address: jack.fishman@nasa.gov Bowman, Kevin W. 2 Burrows, John P. 3 Richter, Andreas 3 Chance, Kelly W. 4 Edwards, David P. 5 Martin, Randall V. 6 Morris, Gary A. 7 Pierce, R. Bradley 8 Ziemke, Jerald R. 9 Al-Saadi, Jassim A. 1 Creilson, John K. 1 Schaack, Todd K. 10 Thompson, Anne M. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California  3: University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  6: Dalhousie University, Halifax, NOva Scotia, Canada and Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts  7: Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana  8: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Madison, Wisconsin  9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  10: University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madision, Wisconsin  11: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 89 Issue 6, p805; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: AIR pollution forecasting; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: FREE-space optical technology; Subject Term: AIR analysis; Subject Term: CONTINUOUS emission monitoring; Subject Term: EMISSION inventories; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008BAMS2526.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghose, S.
AU  - Watson, K.A.
AU  - Working, D.C.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
AU  - Smith, J.G.
AU  - Sun, Y.P.
T1  - Thermal conductivity of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/nanofiller blends
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 68
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1843
EP  - 1853
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: To reduce weight and increase mobility, comfort, and performance of future spacesuits, flexible, thermally conductive fabrics and plastic tubes are needed for the Liquid Cooling and Ventilation Garment. As an approach to raise thermal conductivity (TC) of an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (Elvax™ 260), it was compounded with carbon based nanofillers: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), vapor grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs), and expanded graphite (EG) as well as metallized CNFs, nickel nanostrands, boron nitride, and powdered aluminum. Ribbons and tubing of the nanocomposites, in which the nanofillers were aligned in the direction of flow, were extruded. Compression molding was used to fabricate nanocomposites in which the nanofillers were randomly oriented. TC of the samples was measured in the direction of, and perpendicular to, the alignment direction and significant improvement in TC (up to 24-fold) was observed when measurements were made in the direction of alignment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VINYL acetate
KW  - VINYL polymers
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - NITRIDES
KW  - A. Nanostructures
KW  - A. Polymer–matrix composites
KW  - B. Thermal properties
KW  - E. Extrusion
KW  - Elvax™
N1  - Accession Number: 31921898; Ghose, S. 1; Email Address: Sayata.Ghose-1@nasa.gov Watson, K.A. 1 Working, D.C. 2 Connell, J.W. 2 Smith, J.G. 2 Sun, Y.P. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666-6147, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  3: Department of Chemistry, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 26934-0973, United States; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 68 Issue 7/8, p1843; Subject Term: VINYL acetate; Subject Term: VINYL polymers; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: NITRIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer–matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Extrusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elvax™; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.01.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murthy, Pappu L.N.
AU  - Nemeth, Noel N.
AU  - Brewer, David N.
AU  - Mital, Subodh
T1  - Probabilistic analysis of a SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite turbine vane
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 694
EP  - 703
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: To demonstrate the advanced composite materials technology under development within the NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) Program, it was planned to fabricate, test, and analyze a turbine vane made entirely of silicon carbide-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite (SiC/SiC CMC) material. The objective was to utilize a five-harness satin weave melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC composite material to design and fabricate a stator vane that can endure 1000h of engine service conditions. The vane was designed to withstand a maximum temperature of 1315°C (2400°F) within the substrate and the hot surface temperature of 1482°C (2700°F) with the aid of an environmental/thermal barrier coating (EBC/TBC) system. Furthermore, the vane was designed such that the expected maximum stresses to be encountered were kept within the proportional limit strength of the material. Any violation of this design requirement was considered as the failure. This paper presents results of a probabilistic analysis and reliability assessment of the vane. Probability of failure to meet the design requirements was computed using the probabilistic analysis methods embedded in the NESSUS software. In the analysis, material properties, strength, and pressure loading were considered as random variables. The variations in properties and strength were based on the actual experimental data. In the present analysis, the pressure loads were considered normally distributed with a nominal variation. A temperature profile on the vane was obtained by performing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis and was assumed to be deterministic. The results suggest that for the current vane design, the chance of not meeting design requirements is about 1.6%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - Ceramic matrix composite
KW  - CMC vane
KW  - Cumulative distribution function
KW  - Design requirements
KW  - Probabilistic analysis
KW  - Probability density function
KW  - Proportional limit
KW  - Scatter
KW  - Strength
KW  - Weibull distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 31562233; Murthy, Pappu L.N. 1; Email Address: Pappu.L.Murthy@nasa.gov Nemeth, Noel N. 1 Brewer, David N. 2 Mital, Subodh 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: US Army Research Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 39 Issue 4, p694; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMC vane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cumulative distribution function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability density function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proportional limit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scatter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2007.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kiris, Cetin C.
AU  - Kwak, Dochan
AU  - Chan, William
AU  - Housman, Jeffrey A.
T1  - High-fidelity simulations of unsteady flow through turbopumps and flowliners
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 536
EP  - 546
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: High-fidelity computations were carried out to analyze the orbiter liquid hydrogen (LH2) feedline flowliner and the low-pressure-fuel-turbopump (LPFTP). Computations were performed on the Columbia platform which is a 10,240-processor supercluster consisting of 20 Altix nodes with 512 processors each. Various computational models were used to characterize the unsteady flow features in the turbopump, including the orbiter LPFTP inducer, the orbiter manifold and an experimental test article used to represent the manifold. Unsteady flow originating from the orbiter LPFTP inducer is one of the major contributors to the high-frequency cyclic loading that results in high cycle fatigue damage to the gimbal flowliners just upstream of the LPFTP. The flowfields for the orbiter manifold and representative test article are computed and analyzed for similarities and differences. An incompressible Navier–Stokes flow solver INS3D, based on the artificial compressibility method, was used to compute the flow of liquid hydrogen in each test article. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 31389587; Kiris, Cetin C. 1; Email Address: ckiris@mail.arc.nasa.gov Kwak, Dochan 1 Chan, William 1 Housman, Jeffrey A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics, U.C. Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p536; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2007.07.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Sjögreen, B.
T1  - Adaptive filtering and limiting in compact high order methods for multiscale gas dynamics and MHD systems
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 593
EP  - 619
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: The adaptive multistep linear and nonlinear filters for multiscale shock/turbulence gas dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flows of the authors are extended to include compact high order central differencing as the spatial base scheme. The adaptive mechanism makes used of multiresolution wavelet decomposition of the computed flow data as sensors for numerical dissipative control. The objective is to expand the work initiated in [Yee HC, Sjögreen B. Nonlinear filtering in compact high order schemes. In: Proceedings of the 19th ICNSP and 7th APPTC conference; 2005; J Plasma Phys 2006;72:833–36] and compare the performance of adaptive multistep filtering in compact high order schemes with adaptive filtering in standard central (non-compact) schemes for multiscale problems containing shock waves. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 31389591; Yee, H.C. 1; Email Address: yee@nas.nasa.gov Sjögreen, B. 2; Email Address: bjorns@nada.kth.se; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NADA, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p593; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2007.07.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Agogino, A.
AU  - Tumer, K.
T1  - Efficient Evaluation Functions for Evolving Coordination.
JO  - Evolutionary Computation
JF  - Evolutionary Computation
Y1  - 2008///Summer2008
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 288
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10636560
AB  - This paper presents fitness evaluation functions that efficiently evolve coordination in large multi-component systems. In particular, we focus on evolving distributed control policies that are applicable to dynamic and stochastic environments. While it is appealing to evolve such policies directly for an entire system, the search space is prohibitively large in most cases to allow such an approach to provide satisfactory results. Instead, we present an approach based on evolving system components individually where each component aims to maximize its own fitness function. Though this approach sidesteps the exploding state space concern, it introduces two new issues: (1) how to create component evaluation functions that are aligned with the global evaluation function; and (2) how to create component evaluation functions that are sensitive to the fitness changes of that component, while remaining relatively insensitive to the fitness changes of other components in the system. If the first issue is not addressed, the resulting system becomes uncoordinated; if the second issue is not addressed, the evolutionary process becomes either slow to converge or worse, incapable of converging to good solutions. This paper shows how to construct evaluation functions that promote coordination by satisfying these two properties. We apply these evaluation functions to the distributed control problem of coordinating multiple rovers to maximize aggregate information collected. We focus on environments that are highly dynamic (changing points of interest), noisy (sensor and actuator faults), and communication limited (both for observation of other rovers and points of interest) forcing the rovers to evolve generalized solutions. On this difficult coordination problem, the control policy evolved using aligned and component-sensitive evaluation functions outperforms global evaluation functions by up to 400%.More notably, the performance improvements increase when the problems become more difficult (larger, noisier, less communication). In addition we provide an analysis of the results by quantifying the two characteristics (alignment and sensitivity discussed above) leading to a systematic study of the presented fitness functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Evolutionary Computation is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - STOCHASTIC systems
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY computation
KW  - distributed control
KW  - Evolution strategies
KW  - fitness evaluation
N1  - Accession Number: 32632916; Agogino, A. 1; Email Address: Adrian.K.Agogino@nasa.gov Tumer, K. 2; Email Address: kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu; Affiliation:  1: UCSC-NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Oregon State University, 204 Rogers Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Source Info: Summer2008, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p257; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC systems; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY computation; Author-Supplied Keyword: distributed control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolution strategies; Author-Supplied Keyword: fitness evaluation; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kahre, Melinda A.
AU  - Hollingsworth, Jeffery L.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Murphy, James R.
T1  - Investigations of the variability of dust particle sizes in the martian atmosphere using the NASA Ames General Circulation Model
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 195
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 576
EP  - 597
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present a Mars General Circulation Model (GCM) numerical investigation of the physical processes (i.e., wind stress and dust devil dust lifting and atmospheric transport) responsible for temporal and spatial variability of suspended dust particle sizes. Measurements of spatial and temporal variations in airborne dust particles sizes in the martian atmosphere have been derived from Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) spectral and emission phase function data [Wolff, M.J., Clancy, R.T., 2003. J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 108 (E9), doi:10.1029/2003JE002057. 1-1; Clancy, R.T., Wolff, M.J., Christensen, P.R., 2003. J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 108 (E9), doi:10.1029/2003JE002058. 2-1]. The range of dust particle sizes simulated by the NASA Ames GCM is qualitatively consistent with TES-derived observations of effective dust particle size variability. Model results suggest that the wind stress dust lifting scheme (which produces regionally confined dust lifting) is the process responsible for the majority of the dust particle size variability in the martian atmosphere. Additionally, model results suggest that atmospheric transport processes play an important role in the evolution of atmospheric dust particles sizes during substantial dust storms on Mars. Finally, we show that including the radiative effects of a spatially variable particle size distribution significantly influences thermal and dynamical fields during the dissipation phase of the simulated global dust storm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - KOMPLEKSNYI energeticheskii eksperiment
KW  - MIDDLE atmosphere
KW  - SKY
KW  - atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - structure ( Atmospheres )
N1  - Accession Number: 32070080; Kahre, Melinda A. 1; Email Address: kahrema@nmsu.edu Hollingsworth, Jeffery L. 1 Haberle, Robert M. 1 Murphy, James R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MSC 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 195 Issue 2, p576; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: KOMPLEKSNYI energeticheskii eksperiment; Subject Term: MIDDLE atmosphere; Subject Term: SKY; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: structure ( Atmospheres ); Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.01.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Curtis, Daniel B.
AU  - Hatch, Courtney D.
AU  - Hasenkopf, Christa A.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
AU  - Tolbert, Margaret A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Khare, Bishun N.
T1  - Laboratory studies of methane and ethane adsorption and nucleation onto organic particles: Application to Titan's clouds
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 195
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 792
EP  - 801
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Titan, Saturn''s largest moon, has a thick nitrogen/methane atmosphere. The temperature and pressure conditions in Titan''s atmosphere are such that the methane vapor should condense near the tropopause to form clouds. Several ground-based measurements have observed sparse cloud-like features in Titan''s atmosphere, while the Cassini mission to Saturn has provided large scale images of the clouds. However, Titan''s cloud formation conditions remain poorly constrained. Heterogeneous nucleation (from the vapor phase onto a solid or liquid aerosol surface) greatly enhances cloud formation relative to homogeneous nucleation. In order to elucidate the cloud formation mechanism near the tropopause, we have performed laboratory measurements of the adsorption of methane and ethane onto solid organic particles (tholins) representative of Titan''s photochemical haze. We find that monolayers of methane adsorb onto tholin particles at saturation ratios less than unity. We also find that solid methane nucleates onto the adsorbed methane at a saturation ratio of . This implies that Titan''s methane clouds should form easily. This is consistent with recent measurements of the column of methane ruling out excessive methane supersaturation. In addition, we find ethane adsorbs onto tholin particles in a metastable phase prior to nucleation. However, ethane nucleation onto the adsorbed ethane occurs at a relatively high saturation ratio of . These findings are consistent with the recent report of polar ethane clouds in Titan''s lower stratosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - SCIENCE
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences -- Study & teaching
KW  - chemistry ( Atmospheres )
KW  - IR spectroscopy ( Ices )
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 32070097; Curtis, Daniel B. 1,2 Hatch, Courtney D. 1,2 Hasenkopf, Christa A. 2,3 Toon, Owen B. 3,4 Tolbert, Margaret A. 1,2; Email Address: tolbert@cires.colorado.edu McKay, Christopher P. 5 Khare, Bishun N. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  5: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 195 Issue 2, p792; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: SCIENCE; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences -- Study & teaching; Author-Supplied Keyword: chemistry ( Atmospheres ); Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy ( Ices ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.02.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Haoqiang
AU  - Chapman, Barbara
AU  - Huang, Lei
AU  - an Mey, Dieter
AU  - Reichstein, Thomas
T1  - Performance Evaluation of a Multi-Zone Application in Different OpenMP Approaches.
JO  - International Journal of Parallel Programming
JF  - International Journal of Parallel Programming
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 312
EP  - 325
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 08857458
AB  - We describe a performance study of a multi-zone application benchmark implemented in several OpenMP approaches that exploit multi-level parallelism and deal with unbalanced workload. The multi-zone application was derived from the well-known NAS Parallel Benchmarks (NPB) suite that involves flow solvers on collections of loosely coupled discretization meshes. Parallel versions of this application have been developed using the Subteam concept and Workqueuing model as extensions to the current OpenMP. We examine the performance impact of these extensions to OpenMP and compare with hybrid and nested OpenMP approaches on several large parallel systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Parallel Programming is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - TOTAL quality management
KW  - BEST practices
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - TOTAL quality control
KW  - QUALITY assurance
KW  - Multi-level parallelism
KW  - OpenMP extensions
KW  - Performance evaluation
N1  - Accession Number: 31975615; Jin, Haoqiang 1; Email Address: hjin@nas.nasa.gov Chapman, Barbara 2; Email Address: chapman@cs.uh.edu Huang, Lei 2; Email Address: leihuang@cs.uh.edu an Mey, Dieter 3; Email Address: anmey@rz.rwth-aachen.de Reichstein, Thomas 3; Email Address: reichstein@rz.rwth-aachen.de; Affiliation:  1: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 258-1, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Computer Science, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77004 USA  3: Center for Computing and Communication, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 36 Issue 3, p312; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: TOTAL quality management; Subject Term: BEST practices; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: TOTAL quality control; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-level parallelism; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP extensions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance evaluation; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10766-008-0074-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, H.
AU  - Pinker, R. T.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Khaiyer, M. M.
T1  - Experiments with Cloud Properties: Impact on Surface Radiative Fluxes.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 25
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1040
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface provides the primary forcing of the climate system, and thus, information on this parameter is needed at a global scale. Several satellite-based estimates of surface radiative fluxes are available, but they differ from each other in many aspects. The focus of this study is to highlight one aspect of such differences, namely, the way satellite-observed radiances are used to derive information on cloud optical properties and the impact this has on derived parameters such as surface radiative fluxes. Frequently, satellite visible radiance in a single channel is used to infer cloud transmission; at times, several spectral channels are utilized to derive cloud optical properties and use these to infer cloud transmission. In this study, an evaluation of these two approaches will be performed in terms of impact on the accuracy in surface radiative fluxes. The University of Maryland Satellite Radiation Budget (UMD/SRB) model is used as a tool to perform such an evaluation over the central United States. The estimated shortwave fluxes are evaluated against ground observations at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) Central Facility and at four ARM extended sites. It is shown that the largest differences between these two approaches occur during the winter season when snow is on the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - CLOUD forecasting
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - CONDENSATION (Meteorology)
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 32518008; Wang, H. 1 Pinker, R. T. 1; Email Address: pinker@atmos.umd.edu Minnis, P. 2 Khaiyer, M. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 25 Issue 6, p1034; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: CLOUD forecasting; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: CONDENSATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JTECHO546.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baty, Roy S.
AU  - Farassat, F.
AU  - Tucker, Don H.
T1  - Nonstandard analysis and jump conditions for converging shock waves.
JO  - Journal of Mathematical Physics
JF  - Journal of Mathematical Physics
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 063101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00222488
AB  - Nonstandard analysis is an area of modern mathematics that studies abstract number systems containing both infinitesimal and infinite numbers. This article applies nonstandard analysis to derive jump conditions for one-dimensional, converging shock waves in a compressible, inviscid, perfect gas. It is assumed that the shock thickness occurs on an infinitesimal interval and the jump functions in the thermodynamic and fluid dynamic parameters occur smoothly across this interval. Predistributions of the Heaviside function and the Dirac delta measure are introduced to model the flow parameters across a shock wave. The equations of motion expressed in nonconservative form are then applied to derive unambiguous relationships between the jump functions for the flow parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Mathematical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - EQUATIONS of motion
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
N1  - Accession Number: 32970257; Baty, Roy S. 1 Farassat, F. 2 Tucker, Don H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA  3: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0090, USA; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p063101; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of motion; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2939482
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
AU  - Mueller, Carl H.
AU  - Van Keuls, Frederick W.
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert R.
T1  - Ba xSr1− xTiO3 Thin Film Ferroelectric-Coupled Microstripline Phase Shifters with Reduced Device Hysteresis.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 91
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1864
EP  - 1868
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - In this work, we present experimental results on the performance of coupled microstripline phase shifters (CMPS) fabricated using Ba xSr1− xTiO3 (BST) ferroelectric thin films. The CMPS were fabricated using commercially available pulsed laser deposition BST films with Ba:Sr ratios of 30:70 and 20:80. Microwave characterization of these CMPS was performed at upper Ku-band frequencies, particularly at frequencies near 16 and 18 GHz. The quality of performance of the CMPS was studied based on their relative phase shift (Δϕ=ϕ nV−ϕ0V, where n=0–400 V DC) and insertion loss within the DC bias range of 0–400 V (i.e., E-field ranges within 0–53 V/μm). The performance of the CMPS was tested as a function of temperature to investigate their operation in the paraelectric as well as in the ferroelectric state (i.e., above and below the Curie temperature, respectively). It was observed that for the CMPS fabricated with the BST films, with Ba:Sr ratio of 30:70, the performance was very good with Δϕ up to 400° and nominal insertion losses of ∼3 dB. In addition, these devices were hysteresis-free in the paraelectric state and only showed Δϕ hysteresis while performing in the ferroelectric state. In contrast, while the CMPS made with Ba:Sr ratios of 20:80 exhibited very good values of Δϕ, they exhibited a mild hysteresis both in the paraelectric and ferroelectric states. X-ray diffraction studies indicate that the 30:70 films exhibit almost a 1:1 ratio between the in-plane and out-of-plane lattice parameters, suggesting that their cubic structure creates strain-free films conducive to CMPS devices with reduced hysteresis in the paraelectric state. Elimination of Δϕ hysteresis is essential because many practical microwave applications such as voltage-controlled oscillators and beam steerable devices, particularly electronically steerable phased array antennas, rely on accurate phase shift versus tuning voltage profiles required for reliable device operation. Accordingly, the optimization of the interplay between film microstructure, Ba content, and dielectric constant is critical for reliable CMPS devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - FERROELECTRIC crystals
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - HYSTERESIS
KW  - MAGNETIC induction
KW  - LASERS
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - LATTICE dynamics
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 32470691; Miranda, Félix A. 1; Email Address: Felix.A.Miranda@nasa.gov Mueller, Carl H. 2 Van Keuls, Frederick W. 3 Romanofsky, Robert R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  2: Analex Corporation, Brookpark, Ohio 44142.  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brookpark, Ohio 44142.; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 91 Issue 6, p1864; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC crystals; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: HYSTERESIS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC induction; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: LATTICE dynamics; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.02235.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
T1  - Sensitivity of a Large Ensemble of Tropical Convective Systems to Changes in the Thermodynamic and Dynamic Forcings.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 65
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1773
EP  - 1794
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - A two-dimensional cloud-resolving model (CRM) is used to perform five sets of simulations of 68 deep convective cloud objects identified with Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data to examine their sensitivity to changes in thermodynamic and dynamic forcings. The control set of simulations uses observed sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and is forced by advective cooling and moistening tendencies derived from a large-scale model analysis matched to the time and location of each cloud object. Cloud properties, such as albedo, effective cloud height, cloud ice and snow path, and cloud radiative forcing (CRF), are analyzed in terms of their frequency distributions rather than their mean values. Two sets of simulations, F+50% and F-50%, use advective tendencies that are 50% greater and 50% smaller than the control tendencies, respectively. The increased cooling and moistening tendencies cause more widespread convection in the F+50% set of simulations, resulting in clouds that are optically thicker and higher than those produced by the control and F-50% sets of simulations. The magnitudes of both longwave and shortwave CRF are skewed toward higher values with the increase in advective forcing. These significant changes in overall cloud properties are associated with a substantial increase in deep convective cloud fraction (from 0.13 for the F-50% simulations to 0.34 for the F+50% simulations) and changes in the properties of non–deep convective clouds, rather than with changes in the properties of deep convective clouds. Two other sets of simulations, SST+2K and SST-2K, use SSTs that are 2 K higher and 2 K lower than those observed, respectively. The updrafts in the SST+2K simulations tend to be slightly stronger than those of the control and SST-2K simulations, which may cause the SST+2K cloud tops to be higher. The changes in cloud properties, though smaller than those due to changes in the dynamic forcings, occur in both deep convective and non–deep convective cloud categories. The overall changes in some cloud properties are moderately significant when the SST is changed by 4 K. The changes in the domain-averaged shortwave and longwave CRFs are larger in the dynamic forcing sensitivity sets than in the SST sensitivity sets. The cloud feedback effects estimated from the SST-2K and SST+2K sets are comparable to prior studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Thermodynamics
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - COOLING power (Meteorology)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - DYNAMIC meteorology
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
N1  - Accession Number: 33434208; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1,2; Email Address: zachary.a.eitzen@nasa.gov Xu, Kuan-Man 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Mail Stop 420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 65 Issue 6, p1773; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: COOLING power (Meteorology); Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: DYNAMIC meteorology; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2007JAS2446.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hernandez, Oscar
AU  - Haoqiang Jin
AU  - Chapman, Barbara
T1  - A performance tuning methodology with compiler support.
JO  - Scientific Programming
JF  - Scientific Programming
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 153
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10589244
AB  - We have developed an environment, based upon robust, existing, open source software, for tuning applications written using MPI, OpenMP or both. The goal of this effort, which integrates the OpenUH compiler and several popular performance tools, is to increase user productivity by providing an automated, scalable performance measurement and optimization system. In this paper we describe our environment, show how these complementary tools can work together, and illustrate the synergies possible by exploiting their individual strengths and combined interactions. We also present a methodology for performance tuning that is enabled by this environment. One of the benefits of using compiler technology in this context is that it can direct the performance measurements to capture events at different levels of granularity and help assess their importance, which we have shown to significantly reduce the measurement overheads. The compiler can also help when attempting to understand the performance results: it can supply information on how a code was translated and whether optimizations were applied. Our methodology combines two performance views of the application to find bottlenecks. The first is a high level view that focuses on OpenMP/MPI performance problems such as synchronization cost and load imbalances; the second is a low level view that focuses on hardware counter analysis with derived metrics that assess the efficiency of the code. Our experiments have shown that our approach can significantly reduce overheads for both profiling and tracing to acceptable levels and limit the number of times the application needs to be run with selected hardware counters. In this paper, we demonstrate the workings of this methodology by illustrating its use with selected NAS Parallel Benchmarks and a cloud resolving code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Programming is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPEN source software
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - HIGH performance computing
KW  - ROBUST optimization
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - Compiler optimizations
KW  - feedback directed optimizations
KW  - performance tools
KW  - performance tuning methodology
N1  - Accession Number: 33343043; Hernandez, Oscar 1; Email Address: osca@cs.uh.edu Haoqiang Jin 2; Email Address: hjin@nas.nasa.gov Chapman, Barbara 2; Email Address: chapman@cs.uh.edu; Affiliation:  1: Computer Science Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 16 Issue 2/3, p135; Subject Term: OPEN source software; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: HIGH performance computing; Subject Term: ROBUST optimization; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compiler optimizations; Author-Supplied Keyword: feedback directed optimizations; Author-Supplied Keyword: performance tools; Author-Supplied Keyword: performance tuning methodology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3233/SPR-2008-0253
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosca, H.O.
AU  - Bozzolo, G.
AU  - Garcés, J.E.
T1  - Site preference, size effects and segregation in RuAlB alloys
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 58
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1028
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The atomistic modeling of site preference, size effects and segregation behavior of boron additions to RuAl is performed using a quantum approximate method based on first-principles parameterization. The energetics of the site preference behavior are linked to the explanation of the observed size effects. The dependence of the equilibrium lattice parameter and bulk modulus on B concentration is also shown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERMETALLIC compounds
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - METALS
KW  - ZINTL compounds
KW  - Intermetallic compounds
KW  - Lattice defects
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Segregation
KW  - Site preference
N1  - Accession Number: 31493179; Mosca, H.O. 1 Bozzolo, G. 2,3; Email Address: GuillermoBozzolo@oai.org Garcés, J.E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, U.A. Física, Av. Gral Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Argentina  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Centro Atómico Bariloche, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 58 Issue 11, p1025; Subject Term: INTERMETALLIC compounds; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: ZINTL compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermetallic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lattice defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Segregation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Site preference; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.01.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charnley, S. B.
AU  - Rodgers, S. D.
T1  - Interstellar Reservoirs of Cometary Matter.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 138
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 73
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - We review the evidence for the products of interstellar chemistry in volatile cometary matter. We compare the organic inventory of star-forming cores with that measured in various comets and point out the similarities and differences. The conditions necessary to fractionate interstellar molecules in the heavier isotopes of H, C, O and N are summarised and compared to the measured fractionation ratios in cometary ices. We give a list of future measurements that would shed further light on the putative connection between cometary and interstellar molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - COMETS
KW  - STARS
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - Comets
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - Radio lines: solar system
KW  - Solar system: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 34204802; Charnley, S. B. 1; Email Address: charnley@dusty.arc.nasa.gov Rodgers, S. D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science & Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 138 Issue 1-4, p59; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio lines: solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar system: formation; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-008-9331-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wooden, D. H.
T1  - Cometary Refractory Grains: Interstellar and Nebular Sources.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 138
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 108
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Comets are heterogeneous mixtures of interstellar and nebular materials. The degree of mixing of interstellar sources and nebular sources at different nuclear size scales holds the promise of revealing how cometary particles, cometesimals, and cometary nuclei accreted. We can ascribe cometary materials to interstellar and nebular sources and see how comets probe planet-forming process in our protoplanetary disk. Comets and cometary IDPs contain carbonaceous matter that appears to be either similar to poorly-graphitized (amorphous) carbon, a likely ISM source, or highly labile complex organics, with possible ISM or outer disk heritage. The oxygen fugacity of the solar nebula depends on the dynamical interplay between the inward migration of carbon-rich grains and of icy (water-rich) grains. Inside the water dissociation line, OH− reacts with carbon to form CO or CO2, consuming available oxygen and contributing to the canonical low oxygen fugacity. Alternatively, the influx of water vapor and/or oxygen rich dust grains from outer (cooler) disk regions can raise the oxygen fugacity. Low oxygen fugacity of the canonical solar nebula favors the condensation of Mg-rich crystalline silicates and Fe-metal, or the annealing of Fe-Mg amorphous silicates into Mg-rich crystals and Fe-metal via Fe-reduction. High oxygen fugacity nebular conditions favors the condensation of Fe-bearing to Fe-rich crystalline silicates. In the ISM, Fe-Mg amorphous silicates are prevalent, in stark contrast to Mg-rich crystalline silicates that are rare. Hence, cometary Mg-rich crystalline silicates formed in the hot, inner regions of the canonical solar nebula and they are the touchstone for models of the outward radial transport of nebular grains to the comet-forming zone. Stardust samples are dominated by Mg-rich crystalline silicates but also contain abundant Fe-bearing and Fe-rich crystalline silicates that are too large (≫0.1 μm) to be annealed Fe-Mg amorphous silicates. By comparison with asteroids, the Stardust Fe-bearing and Fe-rich crystalline silicates suggests partial aqueous alteration in comet nuclei. However, aqueous alteration transforms Fe-rich olivine to phyllosilicates before Mg-rich olivine, and Stardust has Mg-rich and Fe-rich olivine and no phyllosilicates. Hence, we look to a nebular source for the moderately Fe-rich to nearly pure-Fe crystalline silicates. Primitive matrices have Mg-Fe silicates but no phyllosilicates, supporting the idea that Mg-Fe silicates but not phyllosilicates are products of water-rich shocks. Chondrule-formation is a late stage process in our protoplanetary disk. Stardust samples show comet 81P/Wild 2 formed at least as late to incorporate a few chondrules, requiring radial transport of chondrules out to perhaps >20 AU. By similar radial transport mechanisms, collisional fragments of aqueously altered asteroids, in particular achondrites that formed earlier than chondrules, might reach the comet-forming zones. However, Stardust samples do not have phyllosilicates and chondrules are rare. Hence, the nebular refractory grains in comet 81P/Wild 2, as well as other comets, appear to be pre-accretionary with respect to asteroid parent bodies. By discussing nebular pathways for the formation of Fe-rich crystalline silicates, and also phyllosilicates and carbonates, we put forth the view that comets contain both the interstellar ingredients for and the products of nebular transmutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - COSMIC grains
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Accretion disks
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Comets: general
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - ISM: dust
KW  - Solar system: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 34204809; Wooden, D. H. 1; Email Address: dwooden@mac.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center , MS 245-3 Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 138 Issue 1-4, p75; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: COSMIC grains; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar system: formation; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-008-9424-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaban, Galina M.
AU  - Gerber, R. Benny
T1  - Anharmonic vibrational spectroscopy calculations with electronic structure potentials: comparison of MP2 and DFT for organic molecules.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 120
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 279
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - Density functional theory (DFT) technique is the most commonly used approach when it comes to computation of vibrational spectra of molecular species. In this study, we compare anharmonic spectra of several organic molecules such as allene, propyne, glycine, and imidazole, computed from ab initio MP2 potentials and DFT potentials based on commonly used BLYP and B3LYP functionals. Anharmonic spectra are obtained using the direct vibrational self-consistent field (VSCF) method and its correlation-corrected extension (CC-VSCF). The results of computations are compared with available experimental data. It is shown that the most accurate vibrational frequencies are obtained with the MP2 method, followed by the DFT/B3LYP method, while DFT/BLYP results are often unsatisfactory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - Ab initio calculations
KW  - Density functional calculations
KW  - Electronic structure
KW  - Vibrational anharmonicity
KW  - Vibrational self-consistent field
KW  - Vibrational spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 31811635; Chaban, Galina M. 1; Email Address: gchaban@mail.arc.nasa.gov Gerber, R. Benny 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  2: Department of Physical Chemistry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.  3: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA.; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 120 Issue 1-3, p273; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ab initio calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Density functional calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrational anharmonicity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrational self-consistent field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrational spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-007-0299-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Griffin, Michael D.
T1  - BUILDING NASA'S FUTURE.
JO  - Vital Speeches of the Day
JF  - Vital Speeches of the Day
Y1  - 2008/06//
VL  - 74
IS  - 6
M3  - Speech
SP  - 242
EP  - 246
PB  - Pro Rhetoric, LLC
SN  - 0042742X
AB  - The speech "Building NASA's Future" is presented, delivered by National Aeronautics and Space Administration Administrator Michael D. Griffin to the Second Annual Billig-Croft Lecture at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland on April 17, 2008, discussing engineering education and the importance for engineers of learning from experience.
KW  - GRIFFIN, Michael D. (Michael Douglas), 1949-
N1  - Accession Number: 32197975; Griffin, Michael D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Administrator National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 74 Issue 6, p242; People: GRIFFIN, Michael D. (Michael Douglas), 1949-; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Speech; Full Text Word Count: 4056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Effects of diffraction and dispersion on acoustic radiation-induced static pulses.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/06/09/
VL  - 92
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 231914
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - It is shown that the shapes of acoustic radiation-induced static strain and displacement pulses are defined locally by the energy density of the generating waveform and that diffraction and attenuation produce dramatic changes in the shape of static displacement pulses when using laser detection. The effects of dispersion on static pulses are obtained by including a dispersive term in the phase of the particle velocity solution to the nonlinear wave equation. The dispersion causes an evolutionary change in the shape of the energy density profile that leads to the generation of solitons experimentally observed in fused silica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiation
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - SOLITONS
KW  - NONLINEAR wave equations
N1  - Accession Number: 32763205; Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: 6/9/2008, Vol. 92 Issue 23, p231914; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiation; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: SOLITONS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR wave equations; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2937474
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubin, Robert H.
AU  - Simpson, Janet P.
AU  - Colgan, Sean W. J.
AU  - Dufour, Reginald J.
AU  - Brunner, Gregory
AU  - McNabb, Ian A.
AU  - Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A.
AU  - Erickson, Edwin F.
AU  - Haas, Michael R.
AU  - Citron, Robert I.
T1  - Spitzer observations of M33 and the hot star, H ii region connection.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2008/06/11/
VL  - 387
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 62
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We have observed emission lines of [S iv] 10.51, H(7–6) 12.37, [Ne ii] 12.81, [Ne iii] 15.56 and [S iii] 18.71 μm in a number of extragalactic H ii regions with the Spitzer Space Telescope. A previous paper presented our data and analysis for the substantially face-on spiral galaxy M83. Here we report our results for the Local Group spiral galaxy M33. The nebulae selected cover a wide range of galactocentric radii ( RG). The observations were made with the Infrared Spectrograph with the short wavelength, high-resolution module. The above set of five lines is observed cospatially, thus permitting a reliable comparison of the fluxes. From the measured fluxes, we determine the ionic abundance ratios including Ne++/Ne+, S3+/S++, and S++/Ne+ and find that there is a correlation of increasingly higher ionization with larger RG. By sampling the dominant ionization states of Ne (Ne+, Ne++) and S (S++, S3+) for H ii regions, we can estimate the Ne/H, S/H and Ne/S ratios. We find from linear least-squares fits that there is a decrease in metallicity with increasing RG: and dex kpc−1. There is no apparent variation in the Ne/S ratio with RG. Unlike our previous similar study of M83, where we conjectured that this ratio was an upper limit, for M33 the derived ratios are likely a robust indication of Ne/S. This occurs because the H ii regions have lower metallicity and higher ionization than those in M83. Both Ne and S are primary elements produced in α-chain reactions, following C and O burning in stars, making their yields depend very little on the stellar metallicity. Thus, it is expected that the Ne/S ratio remains relatively constant throughout a galaxy. The median (average) Ne/S ratio derived for H ii regions in M33 is 16.3 (16.9), just slightly higher than the Orion Nebula value of 14.3. The same methodology is applied to Spitzer observations recently published for three massive H ii regions: NGC 3603 (Milky Way), 30 Dor (LMC) and N 66 (SMC) as well as for a group of blue compact dwarf galaxies. We find median Ne/S values of 14.6, 11.4, 10.1, and 14.0, respectively. All of these values are in sharp contrast with the much lower ‘canonical’, but controversial, solar value of ∼5. A recent nucleosynthesis, galactic chemical evolution model predicts an Ne/S abundance of ∼9. Our observations may also be used to test the predicted ionizing spectral energy distribution of various stellar atmosphere models. We compare the ratio of fractional ionizations , and versus with predictions made from our photoionization models using several of the state-of-the-art stellar atmosphere model grids. The trends of the ionic ratios established from the prior M83 study are remarkably similar, but continued to higher ionization with the present M33 objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - SPIRAL galaxies
KW  - TRIANGULUM Galaxy
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - MOLECULAR evolution
KW  - ORION Nebula
KW  - abundances – H II regions – galaxies
KW  - atmospheres – ISM
KW  - galaxies: individual: M33
KW  - H  ii regions
KW  - individual
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - M33
KW  - stars
KW  - stars: atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 32458570; Rubin, Robert H. 1,2; Email Address: rubin@cygnus.arc.nasa.gov Simpson, Janet P. 1,3 Colgan, Sean W. J. 1 Dufour, Reginald J. 4 Brunner, Gregory 4 McNabb, Ian A. 1 Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A. 5 Erickson, Edwin F. 1 Haas, Michael R. 1 Citron, Robert I. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: SETI Institute, 515 N Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Physics & Astronomy Department, Rice University, MS 61, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA  5: University of Munich, Munich D-81679, Germany; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 387 Issue 1, p45; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: SPIRAL galaxies; Subject Term: TRIANGULUM Galaxy; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: MOLECULAR evolution; Subject Term: ORION Nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: abundances – H II regions – galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheres – ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: individual: M33; Author-Supplied Keyword: H  ii regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: individual; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: M33; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13225.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Tasaki, Y.
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, S.
AU  - Ormes, J.F.
AU  - Sasaki, M.
AU  - Seo, E.S.
AU  - Shikaze, Y.
AU  - Streitmatter, R.E.
AU  - Suzuki, J.
AU  - Tanaka, K.
AU  - Yamagami, T.
AU  - Yamamoto, A.
T1  - Search for fractionally charged particles in cosmic rays with the BESS spectrometer
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/06/15/
VL  - 41
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2050
EP  - 2055
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Historically, there are been many searches for fractionally charged particles in the cosmic radiation. However, few searches have been performed near the top of the atmosphere. We performed a search for relativistic charged particles in cosmic rays using data collected during four BESS balloon flights from 1997 to 2000 carried out in northern Canada. The data were analyzed by examining energy deposition in the time-of-flight scintillator hodoscopes. No candidate was found. We derive an upper limit of 4.5×10−7 (cm2 ssr)−1 for the flux of charged particles, at the 90% confidence level. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - BESS
KW  - Cosmic ray
KW  - Fractional charge
KW  - Quark search
KW  - Superconducting spectrometer
N1  - Accession Number: 32096680; Fuke, H. 1; Email Address: fuke@balloon.isas.jaxa.jp Tasaki, Y. 1 Abe, K. 2 Haino, S. 3 Makida, Y. 3 Matsuda, S. 3 Mitchell, J.W. 4 Moiseev, A.A. 4 Nishimura, J. 5 Nozaki, M. 3 Orito, S. 5 Ormes, J.F. 4 Sasaki, M. 4 Seo, E.S. 6 Shikaze, Y. 2 Streitmatter, R.E. 4 Suzuki, J. 3 Tanaka, K. 3 Yamagami, T. 1 Yamamoto, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan  2: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  3: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  6: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 41 Issue 12, p2050; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: BESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic ray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional charge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quark search; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconducting spectrometer; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.02.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Roads, John O.
T1  - Diurnal to Annual Precipitation Sensitivity to Convective and Land Surface Schemes.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2008/06/15/
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - Precipitation’s diurnal to annual variance distribution and atmospheric water cycle component interactions are examined globally for sensitivity to convective and land surface schemes. The main regional features of statistics identified in previous reanalyses are robust in unconstrained continuous simulations corresponding to the reanalyses’ convective and land surface schemes. A change from the simplified Arakawa–Schubert (SAS) to the relaxed Arakawa–Schubert (RAS) convection scheme reorganizes the variance of rainfall at low latitudes to a redder spectrum. Despite the potential increase in soil moisture memory, a change from the Oregon State University (OSU2) to the Noah land surface model does not noticeably affect the variance distribution of precipitation. The competition between dynamic and thermodynamic sources of precipitation’s variability is affected by the choice of both the land surface model and the convective scheme. Noah reduces evaporation’s role over land, with vapor convergence compensating, while RAS/SAS sensitivities result in complex regional redistributions of component covariance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - PUBLIC universities & colleges
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - SOIL infiltration rate
KW  - GROUNDWATER
KW  - OREGON
KW  - Convection
KW  - Land-surface model
KW  - Precipitation
N1  - Accession Number: 47710031; Ruane, Alex C. 1,2; Email Address: aruane@giss.nasa.gov Roads, John O. 2; Affiliation:  1: Oak Ridge Associated Universities/National Aeronautics and Space Administration Postdoctoral Program, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York.  2: Experimental Climate Prediction Center, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: PUBLIC universities & colleges; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Subject Term: SOIL infiltration rate; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER; Subject Term: OREGON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land-surface model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008EI256.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47710031&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaeffer, Blake A.
AU  - Morrison, John M.
AU  - Kamykowski, Daniel
AU  - Feldman, Gene C.
AU  - Xie, Lian
AU  - Liu, Yanyun
AU  - Sweet, William
AU  - McCulloch, Anita
AU  - Banks, Stuart
T1  - Phytoplankton biomass distribution and identification of productive habitats within the Galapagos Marine Reserve by MODIS, a surface acquisition system, and in-situ measurements
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/06/16/
VL  - 112
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3044
EP  - 3054
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) is one of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Phytoplankton are the base of the ecosystem food chain for many higher trophic organisms, so identifying phytoplankton biomass distribution is the first step in understanding the dynamic environment for effective management of the GMR. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and hyperspectral surface acquisition system derived chlorophyll, in-situ chlorophyll fluorescence, nitrate, salinity, and temperature were collected from March 2005 to the onset of a mild El Niño in November 2006. Islands in the eastern GMR, such as San Cristobal and Espanola, are the first to experience impacts of El Niño and southern migration of the Equatorial Front. Productive habitats were defined as surface waters with salinities >34, temperatures <24 °C, and chlorophyll a >0.4 mg m−3. Six temporally variable productive habitats identified were: west of Isabela Island, southwest of Floreana Island, south of Santa Cruz, between Santiago and Santa Cruz Islands, and on the eastern side near San Cristobal Island. Model results coupled with surface acquisition system derived chlorophyll indicated productive habitats may also occur for short periods and at a distance from islands such as when the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) and South Equatorial Current (SEC) collide over the seamounts north of Isabela Island. All productive habitats were related to topographic upwelling from the EUC into surface waters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYTOPLANKTON
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - Biomass
KW  - Chlorophyll a
KW  - El Niño
KW  - Galapagos Marine Reserve
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Phytoplankton
KW  - Productive habitats
KW  - Surface acquisition system
N1  - Accession Number: 32173146; Schaeffer, Blake A. 1; Email Address: BlakeSchaeffer@gmail.com Morrison, John M. 2 Kamykowski, Daniel 3 Feldman, Gene C. 4 Xie, Lian 3 Liu, Yanyun 3 Sweet, William 3 McCulloch, Anita 3 Banks, Stuart 5; Affiliation:  1: US EPA National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Gulf Ecology Division, 1 Sabine Island Drive, Gulf Breeze, FL 32563, USA  2: University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography, Wilmington, NC, USA  3: North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: Charles Darwin Research Station, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 112 Issue 6, p3044; Subject Term: PHYTOPLANKTON; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll a; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niño; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galapagos Marine Reserve; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phytoplankton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Productive habitats; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface acquisition system; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.03.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32173146&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David  Edwards
AU  - William  Cooke
AU  - Danielle  Moser
AU  - Wesley  Swift
T1  - Measurement of Ejecta from Normal Incident Hypervelocity Impact on Lunar Regolith Simulant.
JO  - Earth, Moon & Planets
JF  - Earth, Moon & Planets
Y1  - 2008/06/22/
VL  - 102
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 549
EP  - 553
SN  - 01679295
AB  - AbstractÂ Â The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) continues to make progress toward long-term lunar habitation. Critical to the design of a lunar habitat is an understanding of the lunar surface environment. A subject for further definition is the lunar impact ejecta environment. The document NASA SP-8013 was developed for the Apollo program and is the latest definition of the ejecta environment. There is concern that NASA SP-8013 may over-estimate the lunar ejecta environment. NASAâs Meteoroid Environment Office (MEO) has initiated several tasks to improve the accuracy of our understanding of the lunar surface ejecta environment. This paper reports the results of experiments on projectile impact into powered pumice targets, simulating unconsolidated lunar regolith. The Ames Vertical Gun Range (AVGR) was used to accelerate spherical Pyrex projectiles of 0.29g to velocities ranging between 2.5 and 5.18Â km/s. Impact on the pumice target occurred at normal incidence. The ejected particles were detected by thin aluminum foil targets placed around the pumice target in a 0.5Â Torr vacuum. A simplistic technique to characterize the ejected particles was formulated. Improvements to this technique will be discussed for implementation in future tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth, Moon & Planets is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - MOON
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 31865534; David  Edwards 1 William  Cooke 1 Danielle  Moser 2 Wesley  Swift 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)/Natural Environments Branch/ EV13 MSFC Huntsville AL 35812 USA  2: Morgan, A Stanley Company MSFC Huntsville AL 35812 USA  3: Raytheon MSFC Huntsville AL 35812 USA; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 102 Issue 1-4, p549; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SURFACE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Shpargel, T.P.
AU  - Asthana, R.
T1  - Braze oxidation behavior and joint microstructure in YSZ/steel joints made using palladium brazes for SOFC applications
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2008/06/25/
VL  - 485
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 695
EP  - 702
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Two palladium-base brazes (Palco and Palni), and two silver-base brazes containing palladium as an alloying element (Palcusil-10 and Palcusil-15) were evaluated for oxidation resistance at 750°C, and used in joining yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to a corrosion-resistant ferritic stainless steel for possible use in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnects. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) were used to evaluate the braze oxidation behavior and the microstructure of the YSZ/braze/steel joints. Knoop microhardness testing was used to develop hardness profiles across the joint region. The TGA results showed that Palco and Palni exhibited the fastest and the slowest oxidation kinetics, respectively, with Palcusil-10 and Palcusil-15 exhibiting oxidation kinetics intermediate between Palco and Palni. The EDS analysis revealed the dissolution of YSZ and steel constituents in braze, and of braze constituents in the YSZ and steel, which led to metallurgically sound joints. The microhardness profiles exhibited a sharper discontinuity at the YSZ/braze interface than at the steel/braze interface, with a peak hardness of ∼1000KHN in YSZ and 150–180KHN in the steel substrate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAZING
KW  - PALLADIUM compounds
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - Joining
KW  - Microscopy
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Palladium brazes
KW  - Yttria-stabilized zirconia
N1  - Accession Number: 31753582; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: Mrityunjay.Singh-1@nasa.gov Shpargel, T.P. 2 Asthana, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: ASRC Aerospace, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Engineering and Technology Department, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, United States; Source Info: Jun2008, Vol. 485 Issue 1/2, p695; Subject Term: BRAZING; Subject Term: PALLADIUM compounds; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium brazes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yttria-stabilized zirconia; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.08.032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=31753582&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korsmeyer, David J.
AU  - Landis, Rob R.
AU  - Abell, Paul A.
T1  - Into the beyond: A crewed mission to a near-Earth object
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 220
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Aside from the exploration of Mars, the objects that most capture our interest for a new human visit are the near-Earth objects (NEOs). These objects are ideal candidates for deep-space operations and explorations as we extend the human presence out into the solar system. The notion of a crewed mission to a NEO was first discussed in the Apollo era. The most recent assessment has been undertaken by the Advanced Projects Office within NASA''s Constellation Program. This particular study examined the feasibility of sending NASA''s new Orion spacecraft (also referred to as the crew exploration vehicle, or CEV) to a NEO. Depending on the specifications of spacecraft and integrated components, a mission profile would include two or three astronauts on a 90- to 180-day spaceflight; including a 7- to 14-day stay at the NEO itself. These missions to NEOs provide exploration with an excellent suite of benefits: operational experience beyond cislunar space, risk reduction for space hardware, confidence building for future mission scenarios, in situ resource utilization evaluation, as well as a rich scientific return. This incremental step along the way towards Mars would mark humanity''s first foray beyond the Earth–Moon system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - NEAR-Earth objects
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 32510443; Korsmeyer, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Korsmeyer@nasa.gov Landis, Rob R. 2; Email Address: Rob.R.Landis@nasa.gov Abell, Paul A. 3; Email Address: Paul.A.Abell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Mission Operations Directorate, Houston, TX, USA  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Astromaterials Research & Exploration Science, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 63 Issue 1-4, p213; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: NEAR-Earth objects; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.12.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chaolong Qi
AU  - Da-Ren Chen
AU  - Greenberg, Paul
T1  - Fundamental Study of a Miniaturized Disk-Type Electrostatic Aerosol Precipitator for a Personal Nanoparticle Sizer.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 505
EP  - 512
SN  - 02786826
AB  - We have developed a low-cost, miniaturized disk-type electrostatic aerosol precipitator for a personal nanoparticle sizer, often needed in applications requiring spatially distributed measurement or personal exposure monitoring. The performance of prototype mini-disk precipitator was evaluated in this study. Measurement of particle transmission through the precipitator for both neutral and singly charged particles shows that the compact size of the disk precipitator does not lead to serious particle loss resulting from particle diffusion and/or electrical image force. The transmission of singly charged particles of 10 nm is 64% at an aerosol flowrate of 0.3 lpm. The device consists of two precipitation chambers, separated by a metal disk. The design further allows the device to be configured to precipitate charged particles by establishing electrical fields in one or both precipitation chambers. Both operations work well to precipitate particles by electrical mobility. The operation of dual-chamber precipitation, with electrical field established on both sides of the middle disk, is preferred since it lowers the maximum requirement of applied voltage to precipitate particles with a specific electrical mobility for a given flowrate. Semi-empirical models were also developed to describe the dependence of the particle penetration curves on particle electrical mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC precipitation
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
N1  - Accession Number: 32838361; Chaolong Qi 1 Da-Ren Chen 1; Email Address: chen@seas.wustl.edu Greenberg, Paul 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA  2: Microgravity Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 42 Issue 7, p505; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC precipitation; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786820802203643
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Boriah, Shyam
AU  - Steinbach, Michael
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
AU  - Klooster, Steven
T1  - Terrestrial Vegetation Dynamics and Global Climate Controls in North America: 2001–05.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - Monthly composite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor was used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in response to climate patterns over the period 2001–05 for North America. Results imply that plant growth over extensive land areas were closely coupled to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects on regional climate. Areas strongly tied to recent (2002–03) ENSO climate effects were located mainly in northwestern Canada, interior Alaska, the northern Rocky Mountains of the United States, and throughout northern Mexico. Localized variations in precipitation were detected as the predominant controllers of monthly values for the MODIS fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) over these regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - VEGETATION dynamics
KW  - PLANT variation
KW  - PLANT communities
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
KW  - ACCLIMATIZATION (Plants)
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - NORTH America
KW  - Drought
KW  - El Niño-Southern Oscillation
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Vegetation greenness
N1  - Accession Number: 47710034; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Boriah, Shyam 2 Steinbach, Michael 2 Kumar, Vipin 2 Klooster, Steven 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.  3: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, California.; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: PLANT variation; Subject Term: PLANT communities; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: OCEAN-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: ACCLIMATIZATION (Plants); Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: NORTH America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niño-Southern Oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation greenness; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Graph, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008EI249.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47710034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Samuel C.
AU  - Hook, IV, Loyd R.
T1  - Logic and Computer Design in Nanospace.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Computers
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Computers
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 965
EP  - 977
SN  - 00189340
AB  - Techniques for the advanced logic design of nanodevices and nanoiCs in spatial dimensions are being formulated to incorporate specific topologies that satisfy certain requirements of nanotechnology. One of these topologies, the hypercube, is currently being considered for the design of a network-based combinational logic implementation in the form of a hypercube extension called the N-hypercube. We propose the M-hypercube, using a similar topology to design any sequential logic in spatial dimensions. To reduce the complexity of the M-hypercube design, two methods, a top-down and a bottom-up, are presented. The former uses sequential machine decomposition methods and the latter uses a new hypercube topology, called the MN-cell. The MN-cell, consisting of two closely coupled 2D hypercubes, an M-hypercube and an N-hypercube, is a 3D hypercube. It is shown that MN-cells can implement flip-flops and thus can be used as building blocks for sequential logic design in nanodimensions. The logic design of a basic computer in nanospace using MN-cells and N-hypercubes is also presented using several examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Computers is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER logic
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - NANOSCIENCE
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - HYPERCUBE
KW  - hypercube
KW  - logic design
KW  - nanocomputer
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - Sequential logic
N1  - Accession Number: 32830156; Lee, Samuel C. 1; Email Address: samlee@ou.edu Hook, IV, Loyd R. 2; Email Address: lydhook@hotmail.com; Affiliation:  1: The School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Rm 218 Carson Engineering Center, 202 W. Boyd St., Norman, OK 73019-1023.  2: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Dryden Flight Research Center, M/S 4840D, PO Box 273, Edwards, CA 93523.; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p965; Subject Term: COMPUTER logic; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: COMPUTER science; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: HYPERCUBE; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypercube; Author-Supplied Keyword: logic design; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanocomputer; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sequential logic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Uncertainties Associated With the Surface Texture of Ice Particles in Satellite-Based Retrieval of Cirrus Clouds Part I: Single-Scattering Properties of Ice Crystals With Surface Roughness.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1940
EP  - 1947
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Surface roughness of ice crystals is a morphological parameter important to the scattering characteristics of these particles. The intent of this paper, reported in two parts (hereafter, Parts I and II), is to investigate the accuracy associated with some simplifications in calculating the single-scattering properties of roughened ice crystals and to quantify the effect of surface roughness on the retrieval of the optical and microphysical properties of ice clouds from satellite observations. In Part I, two ray-tracing schemes, a rigorous algorithm and an approximate algorithm with a simplified treatment of surface roughness, are employed to calculate the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented hexagonal ice crystals with size parameters in the geometric optics regime. With the rigorous approach, it requires substantial computational effort to accurately account for the multiple external reflections between various roughness facets and the reentries of outgoing rays into the particles in the ray-tracing computation. With the simplified ray-tracing scheme, the ray-tracing calculation for roughened particles is similar to that for smooth particles except that, in the former case, the normal of the particle surface is statistically perturbed for each reflection-refraction event. The simplified ray-tracing scheme can account for most the effects of surface roughness on particle single-scattering properties without incurring substantial demand on computational resources and, thus, provides an efficient way to compute the single-scattering properties of roughened particles. The effect of ice-crystal surface roughness on the retrieval of the optical thicknesses and effective particle sizes of cirrus clouds is reported in Part II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - light scattering
KW  - ray-tracing
KW  - surface roughness
N1  - Accession Number: 34838897; Ping Yang 1 Kattawar, George W. 2 Gang Hong 1 Minnis, Patrick 3 Yongxiang Hu 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences,Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.  2: Kattawar is with the Department of Physics, Texas A&M Universit College Station, TX 77843 USA.  3: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA.; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p1940; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing -- Atmospheric effects; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: ray-tracing; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface roughness; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Uncertainties Associated With the Surface Texture of Ice Particles in Satellite-Based Retrieval of Cirrus Clouds: Part II Effect of Particle Surface Roughness on Retrieved Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Particle Size.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1948
EP  - 1957
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The simplified ray-tracing technique reported in Part I of this paper is employed to compute the single-scattering properties of hexagonal columns with maximum dimensions ranging from 2 to 3500 μm with a size-bin resolution of 2 μm at wave-lengths of 0.86 and 2.13 μm. For small ice crystals, the current treatment of surface roughness may not be adequate because the applicability of the principles of geometric optics breaks down for small roughness scale. However, for ice crystals smaller than 40 μm, the aspect ratios of these particles are close to one, and the effect of surface roughness is quite small. In this paper, the diffraction is accounted for in the same way as in the case of smooth particles. It is essentially unfeasible to incorporate the effect of surface roughness into the numerical computation of the diffraction contribution. The scattering properties of individual ice crystals are then averaged over 18 particle size distributions whose effective particle radii (re) range from 5 to 90 μm. The single-scattering properties of ice clouds are strongly sensitive to surface roughness condition. Lookup tables that are built for the correlation between the bidirectional reflectances at wavelengths of 0.86 and 2.13 μm with different roughness conditions are used to retrieve ice cloud optical thickness and effective particle size over oceans. Pronounced differences are noticed for the retrieved cirrus cloud optical thickness and effective particle sizes in conjunction with different surface roughness conditions. The values of the retrieved cirrus cloud optical thickness in the case of the rough surface are generally smaller than their counterparts associated with smooth surface conditions. The effect of surface roughness on the retrieved effective particle radii is not pronounced for slight and moderate roughness conditions. However, when the surfaces of ice crystals are substantially rough, the retrieved effective radii associated with roughened particles are larger and smaller than their smooth surface counterparts for large (re > 50 μm) and small (re < 35 μm) ice crystals, respectively, whereas the effect of surface roughness on the retrieved effective radii shows a nonmonotonic feature for moderate particle sizes (35 μm < re < 50 μm). In general, the dominant effect of surface roughness on cloud property retrievals is to decrease the retrieved optical thickness and to increase the retrieved effective particle size in comparison with their counterparts in the case of smooth ice particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - SMOOTHING (Numerical analysis)
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - Effective particle size
KW  - ice crystals
KW  - optical depth
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - scattering
KW  - surface roughness
N1  - Accession Number: 34838898; Ping Yang 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Gang Hong 1 Kattawar, George W. 2 Minnis, Patrick 3 Yongxiang Hu 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.  2: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.  3: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p1948; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: SMOOTHING (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: ICE crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Effective particle size; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface roughness; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Approximation of Nonlinear Unloading Effects in the Strain Rate Dependent Deformation Analysis of Polymer Matrix Materials Utilizing a State Variable Approach.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 131
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - An experimental and analytical program is carried out to explore key behaviors in the loading and unloading behavior of polymers. Specifically, the effects of strain rate and hydrostatic stresses on the nonlinear portions of the deformation response are examined. Tension, compression, and shear load only and load/unload tests are conducted on a representative polymer across a range of strain rates, and key features of the experimental results are identified. To conduct a preliminary exploration of how the key features of the deformation response could be simulated analytically, a previously developed set of constitutive equations, which were developed to analyze the strain rate dependent, nonlinear deformation of polymers including the effects of hydrostatic stresses, were modified in order to approximate key features of the nonlinear unloading behavior observed in the polymer. The constitutive relations are based on state variable constitutive equations originally developed for metals. The nonlinear unloading observed in the experiments is approximated by reducing the unloading modulus of the material as the effective inelastic strain is increased. The effects of the hydrostatic stress state on the unloading modulus are also simulated analytically. To examine the revised formulation, the loading and load/unload responses of the representative polymer in tension, compression, and shear are examined at several strain rates. Results computed using the developed constitutive equations were found to correlate reasonably well with the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - LOADING & unloading
KW  - MATERIALS handling
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - HYDROSTATICS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Constitutive equations
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Strain rate
KW  - Viscoplasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 32634931; Goldberg, Robert K. 1; Email Address: robert.k.goldberg@nasa.gov Roberts, Gary D. 2 Littell, Justin D. 3 Binienda, Wieslaw K. 4; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Materials Research Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Civil Engineering Dept., Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325  4: Professor, Civil Engineering Dept., Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p119; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: LOADING & unloading; Subject Term: MATERIALS handling; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: HYDROSTATICS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Constitutive equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscoplasticity; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:3(119)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiahua Zheng
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Rate-Dependent Shell Element Composite Material Model Implementation in LS-DYNA.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 151
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A previously developed constitutive model has been modified in order to incorporate the rate dependence of elastic modulus of the polymer matrix constituent into the nonlinear, strain-rate-dependent deformation analysis of polymer matrix composites. To compute the inelastic strains in the polymer matrix, state-variable-based viscoplastic equations originally developed for metals are modified in order to account for the effects of hydrostatic stresses, which are significant in polymers. The polymer constitutive equations are implemented within the strength of a material-based micromechanics method in order to predict the nonlinear, strain-rate-dependent deformation of the polymer matrix composite. The polymer and the composite models are implemented into a commercially available explicit finite-element code, LS-DYNA, as user defined materials (UMATs). The deformation behaviors of several representative polymers and two polymer matrix composites of various fiber configurations are simulated in LS-DYNA with the UMATs for a wide range of strain rates, and the numerical results agree well with the experimental data. UMAT is applied for simulations of braiding/weaving composites using the modified through-thickness integration points method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Constitutive models
KW  - Fiber reinforced polymers
KW  - Shells
KW  - Strain rate
N1  - Accession Number: 32634935; Xiahua Zheng 1 Binienda, Wieslaw K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Professor, National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p140; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constitutive models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber reinforced polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain rate; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:3(140)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Ruggeri, Charles R.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Arnold, William A.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Measurement of Epoxy Resin Tension, Compression, and Shear Stress–Strain Curves over a Wide Range of Strain Rates Using Small Test Specimens.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
EP  - 173
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The next generation aircraft engines are designed to be lighter and stronger than engines currently in use by using carbon fiber composites. In order to certify these engines, ballistic impact tests and computational analyses must be completed, which will simulate a “blade out” event in a catastrophic engine failure In order to computationally simulate the engine failure, properties of the carbon fiber and resin matrix must be known. When conducting computer simulations using a micromechanics approach, experimental tensile, compressive, and shear data are needed for constitutive modeling of the resin matrix material. The material properties of an Epon E862 epoxy resin will be investigated because it is a commercial 176°C (350°F) cure resin currently being used in these aircraft engines. These properties will be measured using optical measurement techniques. The epoxy specimens will be tested in tension, compression and torsional loadings under various strain rates ranging from 10-5 to 10-1 s-1 and temperatures ranging from room temperature to 80°C. To test the specimens at high temperatures, a specialized clear temperature chamber was used. The results show that the test procedure developed can accurately and quickly categorize the material response characteristics of an epoxy resin. In addition, the results display clear strain rate and temperature dependencies in the material response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SYNTHETIC gums & resins
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - Constitutive models
KW  - Epoxy resins
KW  - Material properties
KW  - Material tests
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Strain rate
KW  - Temperature effects
N1  - Accession Number: 32634933; Littell, Justin D. 1; Email Address: justin.d.littell@nasa.gov Ruggeri, Charles R. 2 Goldberg, Robert K. 3 Roberts, Gary D. 4 Arnold, William A. 5 Binienda, Wieslaw K. 6; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Student, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325  2: Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325  3: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  4: Materials Research Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  5: Adjunct Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325  6: Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p162; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC gums & resins; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constitutive models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epoxy resins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature effects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325991 Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2008)21:3(162)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Wu
AU  - Shields, Elwood
AU  - Le, Daniel
T1  - Interactive Inverse Design Optimization of Fuselage Shape for Low-Boom Supersonic Concepts.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/07//Jul/Aug2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1381
EP  - 1381
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper introduces a tool for boom optimization using smoothest shape modifications. This tool allows interactive inverse design optimization to develop a fuselage shape that yields a low-boom aircraft configuration. A fundamental reason for developing this boom optimization tool is the need to generate feasible low-boom conceptual designs that are appropriate for further refinement using computational-fluid-dynamics-based preliminary design methods. The boom optimization tool was not developed to provide a numerical solution to the inverse design problem. Instead, it was intended to help designers find the right configuration among an infinite number of possible configurations that are equally good using any numerical figure of merit. This boom optimization tool uses the smoothest shape modification strategy for modifying the fuselage radius distribution at 100 or more longitudinal locations to find a smooth fuselage shape, which reduces the discrepancies between the design and target equivalent area distributions over any specified range of effective distance. For any given supersonic concept (with wing, fuselage, nacelles, tails, and/or canards), a designer can examine the differences between the design and target equivalent areas, decide which part of the design equivalent area curve needs to be modified, choose a desirable rate for the reduction of the discrepancies over the specified range, and select a parameter for smoothness control of the fuselage shape. The boom optimization tool will then generate a fuselage shape based on the designer's inputs in a matter of seconds. Using this tool, within a few hours, a designer can either generate a realistic fuselage shape that yields a supersonic configuration with a low-boom ground signature or quickly eliminate any configuration that cannot achieve low-boom characteristics with fuselage shaping alone. A conceptual design case study is documented to demonstrate how this boom optimization tool can be used to develop a low-boom supersonic concept from a low-drag supersonic concept. The paper also contains a study on how perturbations in the equivalent area distribution affect the ground signature shape and how new target area distributions for low-boom signatures can be constructed using superposition of equivalent area distributions derived from the Seebass-George-Darden theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIZE reduction of materials
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - OPERATIONS research
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - SOFTWARE
N1  - Accession Number: 33983358; Li, Wu 1; Email Address: w.li@nasa.gov Shields, Elwood 2 Le, Daniel 3; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch.  2: Senior System Engineer, Space Division.  3: Graduate Research Assistant, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering; currently NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 442, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: Jul/Aug2008, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p1381; Subject Term: SIZE reduction of materials; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: OPERATIONS research; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: SOFTWARE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Luo, Ming
AU  - Shephard, Mark W.
AU  - Clerbaux, Cathy
AU  - Boone, Chris D.
AU  - Bernath, Peter F.
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Coheur, P.F.
T1  - Tropospheric emission spectrometer (TES) and atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) measurements of tropospheric chemistry in tropical southeast Asia during a moderate El Niño in 2006
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 109
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1931
EP  - 1942
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: High spectral resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) distributions show mixing ratios over Indonesia during October 2006 of ∼200ppbv (10−9 per unit volume) in the middle troposphere. The elevated emissions were caused by intense and widespread Indonesian peat and forest fire emissions elevated compared to other years by the impact of a moderate El Niño/Soutern Oscillation (ENSO) event, which delayed that year''s monsoon season and produced very dry conditions. Moderate resolution imaging spectrometer (MODIS) fire counts, atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) measurements of elevated mixing ratios of fire emission products and near infrared extinction, and back trajectory calculations for a sample measurement location near the time of maximum emissions provide additional evidence that the elevated 2006 emissions resulted primarily from the Indonesia fires. Lower CO mixing ratios measured by ACE and fewer MODIS fire counts in Indonesia during October 2005 indicate lower emissions than during 2006. Coincident profiles from the ACE agree within the uncertainties with those from the tropospheric emission spectrometer (TES) for pressure ranges and time periods with good TES sensitivity after accounting for its lower vertical sensitivity compared with the ACE FTS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Pollution
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 32077718; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Luo, Ming 2; Email Address: ming.luo@jpl.nasa.gov Shephard, Mark W. 3; Email Address: mshephar@aer.com Clerbaux, Cathy 4; Email Address: catherine.clerbaux@aero.jussieu.fr Boone, Chris D. 5; Email Address: cboone@acebox.uwaterloo.ca Bernath, Peter F. 5,6; Email Address: pfb500@york.ac.uk Chiou, Linda 7; Email Address: linda.s.chiou@nasa.gov Coheur, P.F. 8; Email Address: pfcoheur@ulb.ac.be; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA  3: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), 131 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421-3126, USA  4: Service d’Aéronomie/IPSL, CNRS, Université Paris6, BP102, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France  5: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1  6: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom  7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 1 Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666 USA  8: Spectroscopie de l’Atmosphère, Chimie Quantique et Photophysique CP 160/09, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue, F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 109 Issue 10, p1931; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric chemistry; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.12.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Covington, M. A.
AU  - Heinemann, J. M.
AU  - Goldstein, H. E.
AU  - Y.-K. Chen
AU  - Terrazas-Salinas, I.
AU  - Balboni, J. A.
AU  - Olejniczak, J.
AU  - Martinez, E. R.
T1  - Performance of a Low Density Ablative Heat Shield Material.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/07//Jul/Aug2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 854
EP  - 864
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An evaluation of the Stardust spacecraft forebody heat shield design was conducted to address uncertainties in original development and qualification efforts. Results are reported for additional arc jet tests and analyses done on the ablative and thermal performance of the low density ablative material used in the Stardust design for conditions simulating nominal peak convective heating conditions expected for Stardust sample return capsule Earth entry. Test data were used to adjust iteratively the thermophysical properties in an ablative response computer code to match experimental in-depth temperatures. Ablative recession rates and maximum internal temperatures were satisfactorily predicted by the computer code using derived properties for nominal peak entry heating rates and for rates 37% greater than nominal. Experimental and computer model maximum internal material temperatures were in agreement over a range of conditions and are considered to validate the Stardust heat shield design although measured in-depth temperature data show consistent temperature rise deviations that are not accurately modeled by the computer code. Predicted Stardust heat shield performance based on these results indicates that maximum attachment bond line temperatures will be considerably less than the maximum allowable of 250°C, and total recession will be a small fraction of the as-designed thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - THERMOPHYSICAL properties
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - HEAT resistant materials
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat)
KW  - THERMAL shielding
N1  - Accession Number: 34078705; Covington, M. A. 1 Heinemann, J. M. 1 Goldstein, H. E. 2 Y.-K. Chen 3 Terrazas-Salinas, I. 3 Balboni, J. A. 3 Olejniczak, J. 3 Martinez, E. R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086  2: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul/Aug2008, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p854; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: HEAT resistant materials; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat); Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.38249
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conway, Erik M.
T1  - The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism.
JO  - Journal of the History of Biology
JF  - Journal of the History of Biology
Y1  - 2008///Summer2008
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 398
EP  - 400
SN  - 00225010
AB  - The article reviews the book "The Humboldt Current: Nineteenth-Century Exploration and the Roots of American Environmentalism," by Aaron Sachs.
KW  - ENVIRONMENTALISM
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - SACHS, Aaron
KW  - HUMBOLDT Current: 19th-Century Exploration & the Roots of American Environmentalism, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 33317555; Conway, Erik M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Summer2008, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p398; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTALISM; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: HUMBOLDT Current: 19th-Century Exploration & the Roots of American Environmentalism, The (Book); People: SACHS, Aaron; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sen, S.K.
AU  - Agarwal, Ravi P.
AU  - Ali Shaykhian, Gholam
T1  - Golden ratio versus pi as random sequence sources for Monte Carlo integration
JO  - Mathematical & Computer Modelling
JF  - Mathematical & Computer Modelling
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 48
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 178
SN  - 08957177
AB  - Abstract: The algebraic irrational number golden ratio  = one of the two roots of the algebraic equation and the transcendental number  = the ratio of the circumference and the diameter of any circle both have infinite number of digits with no apparent pattern. We discuss here the relative merits of these numbers as possible random sequence sources. The quality of these sequences is not judged directly based on the outcome of all known tests for the randomness of a sequence. Instead, it is determined implicitly by the accuracy of the Monte Carlo integration in a statistical sense. Since our main motive of using a random sequence is to solve real-world problems, it is more desirable if we compare the quality of the sequences based on their performances for these problems in terms of quality/accuracy of the output. We also compare these sources against those generated by a popular pseudo-random generator, viz., the Matlab rand and the quasi-random generator halton both in terms of error and time complexity. Our study demonstrates that consecutive blocks of digits of each of these numbers produce a good random sequence source. It is observed that randomly chosen blocks of digits do not have any remarkable advantage over consecutive blocks for the accuracy of the Monte Carlo integration. Also, it reveals that is a better source of a random sequence than when the accuracy of the integration is concerned. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mathematical & Computer Modelling is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - TRANSCENDENTAL numbers
KW  - REAL numbers
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
N1  - Accession Number: 32074567; Sen, S.K. 1; Email Address: sksen@fit.edu Agarwal, Ravi P. 1; Email Address: agarwal@fit.edu Ali Shaykhian, Gholam 2; Email Address: ali.shaykhian@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6975, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Engineering Directorate, NE-C1, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 48 Issue 1/2, p161; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: TRANSCENDENTAL numbers; Subject Term: REAL numbers; Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mcm.2007.09.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David H.
T1  - Physical limits of inference
JO  - Physica D
JF  - Physica D
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 237
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1257
EP  - 1281
SN  - 01672789
AB  - Abstract: We show that physical devices that perform observation, prediction, or recollection share an underlying mathematical structure. We call devices with that structure “inference devices”. We present a set of existence and impossibility results concerning inference devices. These results hold independent of the precise physical laws governing our universe. In a limited sense, the impossibility results establish that Laplace was wrong to claim that even in a classical, non-chaotic universe the future can be unerringly predicted, given sufficient knowledge of the present. Alternatively, these impossibility results can be viewed as a non-quantum-mechanical “uncertainty principle”. The mathematics of inference devices has close connections to the mathematics of Turing Machines (TMs). In particular, the impossibility results for inference devices are similar to the Halting theorem for TMs. Furthermore, one can define an analog of Universal TMs (UTMs) for inference devices. We call those analogs “strong inference devices”. We use strong inference devices to define the “inference complexity” of an inference task, which is the analog of the Kolmogorov complexity of computing a string. A task-independent bound is derived on how much the inference complexity of an inference task can differ for two different inference devices. This is analogous to the “encoding” bound governing how much the Kolmogorov complexity of a string can differ between two UTMs used to compute that string. However no universe can contain more than one strong inference device. So whereas the Kolmogorov complexity of a string is arbitrary up to specification of the UTM, there is no such arbitrariness in the inference complexity of an inference task. We informally discuss the philosophical implications of these results, e.g., for whether the universe “is” a computer. We also derive some graph-theoretic properties governing any set of multiple inference devices. We also present an extension of the framework to address physical devices used for control. We end with an extension of the framework to address probabilistic inference. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physica D is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - HARMONIC functions (Mathematics)
KW  - TURING machines
KW  - 02.70.-c
KW  - Automata
KW  - Kolmogorov complexity
KW  - Multiverse
KW  - Observation
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Turing machine
N1  - Accession Number: 32492963; Wolpert, David H. 1; Email Address: http://ti.arc.nasa.gov/people/dhw; Affiliation:  1: MS 269-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 237 Issue 9, p1257; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: HARMONIC functions (Mathematics); Subject Term: TURING machines; Author-Supplied Keyword: 02.70.-c; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automata; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kolmogorov complexity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiverse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Observation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turing machine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physd.2008.03.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vesper, Stephen J.
AU  - Wong, Wing
AU  - Kuo, C. Mike
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
T1  - Mold species in dust from the International Space Station identified and quantified by mold-specific quantitative PCR
JO  - Research in Microbiology
JF  - Research in Microbiology
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 159
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 432
EP  - 435
SN  - 09232508
AB  - Abstract: Dust was collected over a period of several weeks in 2007 from HEPA filters in the U.S. Laboratory Module of the International Space Station (ISS). The dust was returned on the Space Shuttle Atlantis, mixed, sieved and the DNA was extracted. Using a DNA-based method called mold-specific quantitative PCR (MSQPCR), 39 molds were measured in the dust. Potential opportunistic pathogens Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger and potential moderate toxin producers Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium brevicompactum were noteworthy. No cells of the potential opportunistic pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus terreus, Fusarium solani or Candida albicans were detected. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Research in Microbiology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASPERGILLUS fumigatus
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - DNA
KW  - Aspergillus
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Mold-specific quantitative PCR
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 33996779; Vesper, Stephen J. 1; Email Address: vesper.stephen@epa.gov Wong, Wing 2 Kuo, C. Mike 3 Pierson, Duane L. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), United States (US) Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West M.L. King Avenue, M.L. 314, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA  2: Enterprise Advisory Services Inc., Houston, TX, USA  3: WYLE Laboratories Inc., Houston, TX, USA  4: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 159 Issue 6, p432; Subject Term: ASPERGILLUS fumigatus; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: DNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aspergillus; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mold-specific quantitative PCR; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.resmic.2008.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Cuy, Michael D.
T1  - Moisture-induced delamination video of an oxidized thermal barrier coating
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 70
SN  - 13596462
AB  - Physical vapor deposited thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were thermally cycled to near-failure at 1150°C. Normal failure occurred after 200–300 1h cycles with only moderate weight gains (0.5mgcm−2). Delamination and buckling was often delayed until well after cooldown (desktop spallation), but could be instantly induced by the application of water drops, as shown in an accompanying video-recording. Moisture therefore plays a primary role in delayed desktop TBC failure. Hydrogen embrittlement is proposed as the underlying mechanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - METALS -- Hydrogen embrittlement
KW  - Alumina scales
KW  - Hydrogen embrittlement
KW  - Moisture effects
KW  - Nickel alloys
KW  - Spallation
N1  - Accession Number: 31924964; Smialek, James L.; Email Address: James.L.Smialek@grc.nasa.gov Zhu, Dongming 1 Cuy, Michael D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 59 Issue 1, p67; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Hydrogen embrittlement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alumina scales; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen embrittlement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moisture effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spallation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.02.055
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Robert D.
AU  - Liu, Chung-Chiun
AU  - Adler, Stuart B.
T1  - Carbon dioxide reduction on gadolinia-doped ceria cathodes
JO  - Solid State Ionics
JF  - Solid State Ionics
Y1  - 2008/07//
VL  - 179
IS  - 17/18
M3  - Article
SP  - 647
EP  - 660
SN  - 01672738
AB  - Abstract: AC impedance spectroscopy has been performed on 40 mol% gadolinia-doped ceria electrodes on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) at 700–950 °C in reducing CO/CO2 atmospheres. Area-specific-resistance (ASR) values for this electrode were in the range of 0.8–37 Ω-cm2, about two orders of magnitude lower than measurements on Pt electrodes and slightly lower than data on Ni-YSZ electrodes in the literature under similar temperature and partial pressure of oxygen (P O2) conditions. A continuum-based model of this electrode is described and an analysis performed to extract the vacancy diffusion coefficient (D  v ) and surface exchange rate coefficient () as a function of temperature and P O2, from the impedance results. The Dv data agree reasonably well with published measurements of the tracer diffusion coefficient (D ⁎) based on isotope profiling by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and conductivity measurements on 40 mol% GDC. The values are a factor of 3 lower than the published measurements of the surface reaction rate (k) obtained from isothermal thermogravimetric relaxation, and decrease with increasing P O2. Values of the thermodynamic factor (A) calculated from the fitted model parameters matched well with those calculated from oxygen non-stoichiometry data in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid State Ionics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - IMPEDANCE spectroscopy
KW  - Carbon dioxide electrolysis
KW  - Exchange rate
KW  - Impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Porous electrode model
KW  - Thermodynamic factor
KW  - Vacancy diffusion coefficient
N1  - Accession Number: 32731249; Green, Robert D. 1; Email Address: Robert.D.Green@nasa.gov Liu, Chung-Chiun 2 Adler, Stuart B. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 77-5, 21000 Brookpark, Road, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-7217, USA  3: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Box 351750, Seattle, WA 98195-1750, USA; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 179 Issue 17/18, p647; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: IMPEDANCE spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide electrolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exchange rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impedance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous electrode model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermodynamic factor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vacancy diffusion coefficient; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssi.2008.04.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Atmospheric chemistry: Her dark materials.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/07/03/
VL  - 454
IS  - 7200
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 42
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article focuses on the Gaia concept of sulphur isotopes which could imply that methane emitted by the ancient biosphere created a high-altitude photochemical air pollution. The change of the photochemistry of the atmosphere is indicated in the sulphur isotopes and the cold climate suggests that a major greenhouse gas had been removed. The history of oxygen can be tracked in the history of the high susceptibility of sulphur to reduction and oxidation. The small mass-independent fractionation (MIF) signatures created is abolished through the high levels of oxygen in the environment eventually oxidize essentially all sulphur to form sulphate.
KW  - GAIA hypothesis
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - STABLE isotopes
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - PHOTOCHEMICAL smog
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC deposition
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sulfur compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 32955109; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin.j.zahnle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/3/2008, Vol. 454 Issue 7200, p41; Subject Term: GAIA hypothesis; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: STABLE isotopes; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMICAL smog; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC deposition; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sulfur compounds; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/454041a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaefer, Mark
AU  - Baker, D. James
AU  - Gibbons, John H.
AU  - Groat, Charles G.
AU  - Kennedy, Donald
AU  - Kennel, Charles F.
AU  - Rejeski, David
T1  - An Earth Systems Science Agency.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/07/04/
VL  - 321
IS  - 5885
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 45
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article profiles Earth Systems Science Agency, a joint program by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Geological Survey. The establishment of the new organization is part of the United States effort in addressing serious environmental and economic challenges. Earth Systems Science Agency is a science-based agency responsible for studying and overseeing activities in the U.S. which concern climate change, sea-level rise, as well as altered weather pattern.
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - GOVERNMENT agencies
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - STATISTICAL weather forecasting
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
KW  - GEOLOGICAL Survey (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 33406876; Schaefer, Mark 1 Baker, D. James 2; Email Address: djamesbaker@comcast.net Gibbons, John H. 3; Email Address: jackgibbons@hughes.net Groat, Charles G. 4; Email Address: cgroat@mail.utexas.ed Kennedy, Donald 5; Email Address: kennedy@stanford.edu Kennel, Charles F. 6; Email Address: ckennel@ucsd.edu Rejeski, David 7; Email Address: david.rejeski@wilsoncenter.org; Affiliation:  1: Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Acting Director of the U.S. Geological Survey  2: Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association  3: Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Science Adviser to the President  4: Director, U.S. Geological Survey, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Director of Mission to Planet Earth  5: Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Director of Mission to Planet Earth  6: Associate Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Director of Mission to Planet Earth  7: Office of Science and Technology Policy and Council on Environmental Quality; Source Info: 7/4/2008, Vol. 321 Issue 5885, p44; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT agencies; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: STATISTICAL weather forecasting; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration Company/Entity: GEOLOGICAL Survey (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1160192
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33406876&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lei, Shuliang
AU  - Palazzolo, Alan
T1  - Control of flexible rotor systems with active magnetic bearings
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2008/07/08/
VL  - 314
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 38
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: An approach is presented for the analysis and design of magnetic suspension systems with large flexible rotordynamics models including dynamics, control, and simulation. The objective is to formulate and synthesize a large-order, flexible shaft rotordynamics model for a flywheel supported with magnetic bearings. A finite element model of the rotor system is assembled and then employed to develop a magnetic suspension compensator to provide good reliability and disturbance rejection. Stable operation over the complete speed range and optimization of the closed-loop rotordynamic properties are obtained via synthesis of eigenvalue analysis, Campbell plots, waterfall plots, and mode shapes. The large order of the rotor model and high spin speed of the rotor present a challenge for magnetic suspension control. A flywheel system is studied as an example for realizing a physical controller that provides stable rotor suspension and good disturbance rejection in all operating states. The baseline flywheel system control is determined from extensive rotordynamics synthesis and analysis for rotor critical speeds, mode shapes, frequency responses, and time responses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC suspension
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - FLYWHEELS
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
N1  - Accession Number: 31757905; Lei, Shuliang 1; Email Address: slei26@gmail.com Palazzolo, Alan 2; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University at NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 301-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 314 Issue 1/2, p19; Subject Term: MAGNETIC suspension; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: FLYWHEELS; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.12.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Asis, Edward D.
AU  - Li, You
AU  - Ohta, Riichiro
AU  - Austin, Alex
AU  - Leung, Joseph
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
T1  - Length dependent behavior of a carbon nanotube interacting at liquid-air interface.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/07/14/
VL  - 93
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 023129
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We report the irreversible structural failure of individual multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) tips after water submersion. We used 11 individual MWNTs with varying geometries and showed length dependent MWNT failure with scanning electron microscopy. Shorter MWNTs are more likely to survive penetration of the water-air interface. We observed the bending of MWNT probes on the water surface using optical microscopy. Surface tension force acting on MWNTs at the water-air interface was calculated. Compared to shorter MWNTs, the calculations suggest that longer MWNTs exert a smaller bending restoring force with respect to surface tension force, leading to MWNT bending until failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures -- Investigation
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 33361109; de Asis, Edward D. 1,2 Li, You 1,3 Ohta, Riichiro 4,5 Austin, Alex 3 Leung, Joseph 5 Nguyen, Cattien V. 1; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 229-1 Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA  3: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA  4: University Affiliated Research Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA and NASA Ames Research Park, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 7/14/2008, Vol. 93 Issue 2, p023129; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures -- Investigation; Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2953688
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaneko, Hideaki
AU  - Bey, Kim S.
AU  - Lenbury, Yongwimon
AU  - Toghaw, Puntip
T1  - Numerical experiments using hierarchical finite element method for nonlinear heat conduction in plates
JO  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
JF  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
Y1  - 2008/07/15/
VL  - 201
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 430
SN  - 00963003
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, we consider a nonlinear hierarchical finite element method for heat conduction problems over two- or three-dimensional plates. Problems considered are nonlinear because the heat conductivity parameter depends upon the temperature itself. This paper explores a new technique recently proposed by the first author which transforms a nonlinear parabolic problem to a linear problem at the discrete level. We present several numerical examples which demonstrate the efficiency of the current technique. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Mathematics & Computation is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin method
KW  - Nonlinear parabolic equations
N1  - Accession Number: 32639042; Kaneko, Hideaki 1; Email Address: hkaneko@odu.edu Bey, Kim S. 2 Lenbury, Yongwimon 3 Toghaw, Puntip 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529-0077, United States  2: Thermal Structure Branch, Structure Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  3: Department of Mathematics, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 201 Issue 1/2, p414; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear parabolic equations; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.amc.2007.12.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Murchie, S. L.
AU  - Pelkey, S. M.
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Milliken, R. E.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Bibring, J.-P.
AU  - Poulet, F.
AU  - Bishop, J.
AU  - Dobrea, E. Noe
AU  - Roach, L.
AU  - Seelos, F.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Wiseman, S.
AU  - Green, R.
AU  - Hash, C.
AU  - Humm, D.
AU  - Malaret, E.
AU  - McGovern, J. A.
AU  - Seelos, K.
T1  - Hydrated silicate minerals on Mars observed by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM instrument.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/07/17/
VL  - 454
IS  - 7202
M3  - Article
SP  - 305
EP  - 309
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Phyllosilicates, a class of hydrous mineral first definitively identified on Mars by the OMEGA (Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, L’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activitié) instrument1,2, preserve a record of the interaction of water with rocks on Mars. Global mapping showed that phyllosilicates are widespread but are apparently restricted to ancient terrains and a relatively narrow range of mineralogy (Fe/Mg and Al smectite clays). This was interpreted to indicate that phyllosilicate formation occurred during the Noachian (the earliest geological era of Mars³), and that the conditions necessary for phyllosilicate formation (moderate to high pH and high water activity) were specific to surface environments during the earliest era of Mars’s history4. Here we report results from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM)5 of phyllosilicate-rich regions. We expand the diversity of phyllosilicate mineralogy with the identification of kaolinite, chlorite and illite or muscovite, and a new class of hydrated silicate (hydrated silica). We observe diverse Fe/Mg-OH phyllosilicates and find that smectites such as nontronite and saponite are the most common, but chlorites are also present in some locations. Stratigraphic relationships in the Nili Fossae region show olivine-rich materials overlying phyllosilicate-bearing units, indicating the cessation of aqueous alteration before emplacement of the olivine-bearing unit. Hundreds of detections of Fe/Mg phyllosilicate in rims, ejecta and central peaks of craters in the southern highland Noachian cratered terrain indicate excavation of altered crust from depth. We also find phyllosilicate in sedimentary deposits clearly laid by water. These results point to a rich diversity of Noachian environments conducive to habitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WATER
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - KAOLINITE
KW  - MUSCOVITE
KW  - CHLORITE minerals
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 33189631; Mustard, John F. 1 Murchie, S. L. 2 Pelkey, S. M. 1 Ehlmann, B. L. 1 Milliken, R. E. 3 Grant, J. A. 4 Bibring, J.-P. 5 Poulet, F. 5 Bishop, J. 6 Dobrea, E. Noe 3 Roach, L. 1 Seelos, F. 2 Arvidson, R. E. 7 Wiseman, S. 7 Green, R. 3 Hash, C. 8 Humm, D. 2 Malaret, E. 8 McGovern, J. A. 2 Seelos, K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA  2: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  4: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Independence Avenue at 6th Street SW, Washington, DC 20560, USA  5: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, Missouri 63130, USA  8: Applied Coherent Technology, 112 Elden Street Suite K, Herndon, Virginia 22070, USA; Source Info: 7/17/2008, Vol. 454 Issue 7202, p305; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: KAOLINITE; Subject Term: MUSCOVITE; Subject Term: CHLORITE minerals; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Graph, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature07097
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Booth-Morrison, Christopher
AU  - Zugang Mao
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Chromium and tantalum site substitution patterns in Ni3Al (L12) γ′-precipitates.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/07/21/
VL  - 93
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 033103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The site substitution behavior of Cr and Ta in the Ni3Al (L12)-type γ′-precipitates of a Ni–Al–Cr–Ta alloy is investigated by atom-probe tomography (APT) and first-principles calculations. Measurements of the γ′-phase composition by APT suggest that Al, Cr, and Ta share the Al sublattice sites of the γ′-precipitates. The calculated substitutional energies of the solute atoms at the Ni and Al sublattice sites indicate that Ta has a strong preference for the Al sites, while Cr has a weak Al site preference. Furthermore, Ta is shown to replace Cr at the Al sublattice sites of the γ′-precipitates, altering the elemental phase partitioning behavior of the Ni–Al–Cr–Ta alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHROMIUM compounds
KW  - TANTALUM oxide
KW  - TRANSITION metals
KW  - MEDICAL radiography
KW  - PHASE partition
KW  - LATTICE dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 33520189; Booth-Morrison, Christopher 1; Email Address: c-booth@northwestern.edu Zugang Mao 1; Email Address: z-mao2@northwestern.edu Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Seidman, David N. 1,3; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3108, USA; Source Info: 7/21/2008, Vol. 93 Issue 3, p033103; Subject Term: CHROMIUM compounds; Subject Term: TANTALUM oxide; Subject Term: TRANSITION metals; Subject Term: MEDICAL radiography; Subject Term: PHASE partition; Subject Term: LATTICE dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2956398
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gutsev, G. L.
AU  - Mochena, M. D.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Zheng, W.-J.
AU  - Thomas, O. C.
AU  - Bowen, Kit H.
T1  - Electronic and geometrical structure of Mn13 anions, cations, and neutrals.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2008/07/28/
VL  - 129
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 044310
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We have computed the electronic and geometrical structures of thirteen atom manganese clusters in all three charge states, Mn13-, Mn13+, and Mn13 by using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. Our results for Mn13- are compared with our anion photoelectron spectrum of Mn13-, published in this paper. Our results for Mn13+ are compared with the previously published photoionization results of Knickelbein [J. Chem. Phys. 106, 9810 (1997)]. There is a good agreement between theoretical and experimental values of ionization and electron attachment energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - MANGANESE
KW  - MICROCLUSTERS
KW  - PHOTOELECTRONS
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
N1  - Accession Number: 33520269; Gutsev, G. L. 1; Email Address: gennady.gutsev@famu.edu Mochena, M. D. 1 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 2 Zheng, W.-J. 3 Thomas, O. C. 3 Bowen, Kit H. 3; Email Address: kbowen@jbu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA  2: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA; Source Info: 7/28/2008, Vol. 129 Issue 4, p044310; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: MANGANESE; Subject Term: MICROCLUSTERS; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRONS; Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2956494
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - A procedure for computing accurate ab initio quartic force fields: Application to HO2+ and H2O.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2008/07/28/
VL  - 129
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 044312
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A procedure for the calculation of molecular quartic force fields (QFFs) is proposed and investigated. The goal is to generate highly accurate ab initio QFFs that include many of the so-called “small” effects that are necessary to achieve high accuracy. The small effects investigated in the present study include correlation of the core electrons (core correlation), extrapolation to the one-particle basis set limit, correction for scalar relativistic contributions, correction for higher-order correlation effects, and inclusion of diffuse functions in the one-particle basis set. The procedure is flexible enough to allow for some effects to be computed directly, while others may be added as corrections. A single grid of points is used and is centered about an initial reference geometry that is designed to be as close as possible to the final ab initio equilibrium structure (with all effects included). It is shown that the least-squares fit of the QFF is not compromised by the added corrections, and the balance between elimination of contamination from higher-order force constants while retaining energy differences large enough to yield meaningful quartic force constants is essentially unchanged from the standard procedures we have used for many years. The initial QFF determined from the least-squares fit is transformed to the exact minimum in order to eliminate gradient terms and allow for the use of second-order perturbation theory for evaluation of spectroscopic constants. It is shown that this step has essentially no effect on the quality of the QFF largely because the initial reference structure is, by design, very close to the final ab initio equilibrium structure. The procedure is used to compute an accurate, purely ab initio QFF for the H2O molecule, which is used as a benchmark test case. The procedure is then applied to the ground and first excited electronic states of the HO2+ molecular cation. Fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants from these highly accurate QFFs are compared and contrasted with previous experiment and theory. It is concluded that the spectroscopic constants determined for the X3A″ and A1A′ states of HO2+ are the most accurately available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - MOLECULAR orbitals
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 33520256; Xinchuan Huang 1; Email Address: xinchuan.huang-1@nasa.gov Lee, Timothy J. 2; Email Address: timothy.j.lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 7/28/2008, Vol. 129 Issue 4, p044312; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: MOLECULAR orbitals; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 10 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2957488
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Gago-Duport, Luis
AU  - Stoker, Carol
AU  - Amils, Ricardo
AU  - Bonaccorsi, Rosalba
AU  - Zavaleta, Jhony
AU  - Lim, Darlene
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Subsurface formation of oxidants on Mars and implications for the preservation of organic biosignatures
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2008/07/30/
VL  - 272
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 456
EP  - 463
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide can form through the interaction of pyrite and anoxic water. The oxidation of pyrite results in the precipitation of sulfates and iron oxides, high redox potentials (~1000 mV) and acidic pH (3–4). The oxidative potential of the resultant solution may be responsible for the oxidation of organic compounds, as observed in the subsurface of the Rio Tinto Mars analog. On Mars subsurface migration of groundwater interacting with volcanogenic massive pyrite deposits would have mobilized acidic and oxidizing fluids through large portions of the crust, resulting in the widespread deposition of sulfates and iron oxides. This groundwater could have leached substantial volumes of aquifer material and crustal rocks, thereby erasing any organic compounds possibly down to depths of hundreds of meters. Therefore, the preservation of organic biosignatures must have been severely constrained in the portions of the ancient Martian crust that were exposed to aqueous processes, calling for a redefinition of the future targets in the search for biomolecular traces of life on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - PYRITES
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ANOXIC zones
KW  - aqueous oxidation
KW  - hydrogen peroxide
KW  - Mars
KW  - organic compounds
KW  - pyrite
N1  - Accession Number: 33388759; Davila, Alfonso F. 1; Email Address: afernandez-davila@arc.nasa.gov Fairén, Alberto G. 1 Gago-Duport, Luis 2 Stoker, Carol 1 Amils, Ricardo 3 Bonaccorsi, Rosalba 1 Zavaleta, Jhony 1 Lim, Darlene 1 Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 4 McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Dpto. de Geociencias Marinas, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas Marcosende 36200 Vigo, Spain  3: Centro de Astrobiologia, (CSIC-INTA) Torrejón de Ardoz 28850 Madrid, Spain  4: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University Pullman, WA 99163, USA; Source Info: Jul2008, Vol. 272 Issue 1/2, p456; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: PYRITES; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ANOXIC zones; Author-Supplied Keyword: aqueous oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: organic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: pyrite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Brown, R. H.
AU  - Soderblom, L. A.
AU  - Soderblom, J. M.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Barnes, J. W.
AU  - Sotin, C.
AU  - Buratti, B.
AU  - Baines, K. H.
AU  - Nicholson, P. D.
T1  - The identification of liquid ethane in Titan’s Ontario Lacus.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/07/31/
VL  - 454
IS  - 7204
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 607
EP  - 610
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Titan was once thought to have global oceans of light hydrocarbons on its surface, but after 40 close flybys of Titan by the Cassini spacecraft, it has become clear that no such oceans exist. There are, however, features similar to terrestrial lakes and seas, and widespread evidence for fluvial erosion, presumably driven by precipitation of liquid methane from Titan’s dense, nitrogen-dominated atmosphere. Here we report infrared spectroscopic data, obtained by the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on board the Cassini spacecraft, that strongly indicate that ethane, probably in liquid solution with methane, nitrogen and other low-molecular-mass hydrocarbons, is contained within Titan’s Ontario Lacus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - LIQUEFIED gases
KW  - LAKE hydrology
KW  - CARTOGRAPHY
KW  - METHANE
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 33380586; Brown, R. H. 1; Email Address: rhb@lpl.arizona.edu Soderblom, L. A. 2 Soderblom, J. M. 1 Clark, R. N. 3 Jaumann, R. 4 Barnes, J. W. 5 Sotin, C. 6 Buratti, B. 6 Baines, K. H. 6 Nicholson, P. D. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA  2: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA  3: US Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA  4: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 12489 Berlin, Germany  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91107, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Source Info: 7/31/2008, Vol. 454 Issue 7204, p607; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: LIQUEFIED gases; Subject Term: LAKE hydrology; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1038/nature07100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herring, G. C.
T1  - Mach-Number Measurement with Laser and Pressure Probes in Humid Supersonic Flow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2107
EP  - 2107
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article focuses on the use of laser and pressure probes to measure Mach numbers in humid supersonic flows. It states that laser-based vapor screen is used commonly to visualize flow in some high-speed wind tunnels. It mentions that the addition of water to the wind tunnel circuit results in the condensation of water vapor into small water droplets or ice crystals, which are illuminated through a laser light sheet. It states that laser-induced thermal acoustics can measure Mach number in supersonic flows without seeding the supersonic flow with water vapor.
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - MACH number
KW  - LASERS
KW  - STATIC pressure probes
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - WATER
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HUMIDITY
N1  - Accession Number: 33968682; Herring, G. C. 1; Email Address: gregory.c.herring@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p2107; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: STATIC pressure probes; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David J.  Des Marais
AU  - Joseph A.  Nuth
AU  - Louis J.  Allamandola
AU  - Alan P.  Boss
AU  - Jack D.  Farmer
AU  - Tori M.  Hoehler
AU  - Bruce M.  Jakosky
AU  - Victoria S.  Meadows
AU  - Andrew  Pohorille
AU  - Bruce  Runnegar
AU  - Alfred M.  Spormann
T1  - The NASA Astrobiology Roadmap.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 715
EP  - 730
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractThe NASA Astrobiology Roadmap provides guidance for research and technology development across the NASA enterprises that encompass the space, Earth, and biological sciences. The ongoing development of astrobiology roadmaps embodies the contributions of diverse scientists and technologists from government, universities, and private institutions. The Roadmap addresses three basic questions: how does life begin and evolve, does life exist elsewhere in the universe, and what is the future of life on Earth and beyond? Seven Science Goals outline the following key domains of investigation: understanding the nature and distribution of habitable environments in the universe, exploring for habitable environments and life in our own Solar System, understanding the emergence of life, determining how early life on Earth interacted and evolved with its changing environment, understanding the evolutionary mechanisms and environmental limits of life, determining the principles that will shape life in the future, and recognizing signatures of life on other worlds and on early Earth. For each of these goals, Science Objectives outline more specific high priority efforts for the next three to five years. These eighteen objectives are being integrated with NASA strategic planning. Astrobiology 8, 715–730. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 34682762; David J.  Des Marais 1 Joseph A.  Nuth 2 Louis J.  Allamandola 1 Alan P.  Boss 3 Jack D.  Farmer 4 Tori M.  Hoehler 1 Bruce M.  Jakosky 5 Victoria S.  Meadows 6 Andrew  Pohorille 1 Bruce  Runnegar 7 Alfred M.  Spormann 8; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.  3: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.  4: Department of Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.  5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics and Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.  7: Institute of Geophysics, U.C.L.A., Los Angeles, California.  8: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California.; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p715; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Boriah, Shyam
AU  - Steinbach, Michael
AU  - Kumar, Vipin
AU  - Klooster, Steven
T1  - Terrestrial vegetation dynamics and global climate controls.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 31
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 78
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - Monthly data from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) and its predecessor satellite sensors was used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in response to climate patterns over the period 1983–2005. Results suggest that plant growth over extensive land areas of southern Africa and Central Asia were the most closely coupled of any major land area to El Niño–southern oscillation (ENSO) effects on regional climate. Others land areas strongly tied to recent ENSO climate effects were in northern Canada, Alaska, western US, northern Mexico, northern Argentina, and Australia. Localized variations in precipitation were the most common controllers of monthly values for the fraction absorbed of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR) over these regions. In addition to the areas cited above, seasonal FPAR values from MODIS were closely coupled to rainfall patterns in grassland and cropland areas of the northern and central US. Historical associations between global vegetation FPAR and atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) anomalies suggest that the terrestrial biosphere can contribute major fluxes of CO2 during major drought events, such as those triggered by 1997–1998 El Niño event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VEGETATION dynamics
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - EL Nino Current
N1  - Accession Number: 32014214; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Boriah, Shyam 2 Steinbach, Michael 2 Kumar, Vipin 2 Klooster, Steven 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.  2: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.  3: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA.; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p67; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: EL Nino Current; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-007-0339-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krishnan, S. S.
AU  - Abshire, J. M.
AU  - Sunderland, P. B.
AU  - Yuan, Z. -G.
AU  - Gore, J. P.
T1  - Analytical predictions of shapes of laminar diffusion flames in microgravity and earth gravity.
JO  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
JF  - Combustion Theory & Modelling
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 605
EP  - 620
SN  - 13647830
AB  - Flame shape is an important observed characteristic of flames that can be used to scale flame properties such as heat release rates and radiation. Flame shape is affected by fuel type, oxygen levels in the oxidiser, inverse burning and gravity. The objective of this study is to understand the effect of high oxygen concentrations, inverse burning, and gravity on the predictions of flame shapes. Flame shapes are obtained from recent analytical models and compared with experimental data for a number of inverse and normal ethane flame configurations with varying oxygen concentrations in the oxidiser and under earth gravity and microgravity conditions. The Roper flame shape model was extended to predict the complete flame shapes of laminar gas jet normal and inverse diffusion flames on round burners. The Spalding model was extended to inverse diffusion flames. The results show that the extended Roper model results in reasonable predictions for all microgravity and earth gravity flames except for enhanced oxygen normal diffusion flames under earth gravity conditions. The results also show trends towards cooler flames in microgravity that are in line with past experimental observations. Some key characteristics of the predicted flame shapes and parameters needed to describe the flame shape using the extended Roper model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion Theory & Modelling is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAME
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - flame shapes
KW  - inverse diffusion flames
KW  - microgravity
KW  - oxygen enhanced
KW  - Roper model
N1  - Accession Number: 33245278; Krishnan, S. S. 1 Abshire, J. M. 2 Sunderland, P. B. 3 Yuan, Z. -G. 4 Gore, J. P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue School of Engineering and Technology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN  2: Lockheed Martin Corp., Manassas, VAt  3: Department of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  5: School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p605; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: flame shapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxygen enhanced; Author-Supplied Keyword: Roper model; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/13647830801966146
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - VERCE, MATTHEW F.
AU  - JAYARAMAN, BUVANESWARI
AU  - FORD, TIMOTHY D.
AU  - FISHER, SCOTT E.
AU  - GADGIL, ASHOK J.
AU  - CARLSEN, TINA M.
T1  - Minimizing Decomposition of Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide for Biological Decontamination of Galvanized Steel Ducting.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/08//8/1/2008
VL  - 42
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 5765
EP  - 5771
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - The behavior of vaporous hydrogen peroxide (VHP) was examined in clean, room-scale galvanized steel (GS) and polyvinylchloride-coated steel air ducts, to understand how it might be used to decontaminate larger ventilation systems. VHP injected into the GS duct decreased in concentration along the length of the duct, whereas VHP concentrations in the polyvinylchloride coated duct remained essentially constant, suggesting that VHP decomposed at the GS surface. However, decomposition was reduced at lower temperatures (∼22 °C) and higher flow rates (∼80 actual cubic meter per hour). A computational fluid dynamics model incorporating reactive transport was used to estimate surface VHP concentrations where bioaerosol contamination is likely to reside, and also showed that VHP decomposition was enhanced at bends within the duct, compared to straight sections. Use of 6. stearothermophilus indicators, in conjunction with model estimates, indicated that a concentration-contact time of ∼100 mg/L H2O2(g)·min was required to achieve a 6 log reduction of indicator spores in clean GS duct, at 30 °C. When VHP is selected for building decontamination, this work suggests the most efficacious strategy may be to decontaminate GS ducting separately from the rest of the building, as opposed to a single decontamination event in which the ventilation system is used to distribute VHP throughout the entire building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - HYDROGEN peroxide
KW  - POLYVINYL chloride
KW  - GALVANIZED steel
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VENTILATION
KW  - AIR ducts
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
N1  - Accession Number: 34061557; VERCE, MATTHEW F. 1,2; Email Address: mfverce@comcast.net JAYARAMAN, BUVANESWARI 3,4 FORD, TIMOTHY D. 1,2 FISHER, SCOTT E. 1,2 GADGIL, ASHOK J. 3 CARLSEN, TINA M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Environmental Restoration, Livermore, California 94551.  2: National Security Engineering, Livermore, California 94551.  3: Biosciences and Biotechnology Divisions, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551.  4: Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720.  5: ELORET Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 215-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000.; Source Info: 8/1/2008, Vol. 42 Issue 15, p5765; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: HYDROGEN peroxide; Subject Term: POLYVINYL chloride; Subject Term: GALVANIZED steel; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VENTILATION; Subject Term: AIR ducts; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amundson, Ronald
AU  - Ewing, Stephanie
AU  - Dietrich, William
AU  - Sutter, Brad
AU  - Owen, Justine
AU  - Chadwick, Oliver
AU  - Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
AU  - Walvoord, Michelle
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - On the in situ aqueous alteration of soils on Mars
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 72
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 3845
EP  - 3864
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Early (>3Gy) wetter climate conditions on Mars have been proposed, and it is thus likely that pedogenic processes have occurred there at some point in the past. Soil and rock chemistry of the Martian landing sites were evaluated to test the hypothesis that in situ aqueous alteration and downward movement of solutes have been among the processes that have transformed these portions of the Mars regolith. A geochemical mass balance shows that Martian soils at three landing sites have lost significant quantities of major rock-forming elements and have gained elements that are likely present as soluble ions. The loss of elements is interpreted to have occurred during an earlier stage(s) of weathering that may have been accompanied by the downward transport of weathering products, and the salts are interpreted to be emplaced later in a drier Mars history. Chemical differences exist among the sites, indicating regional differences in soil composition. Shallow soil profile excavations at Gusev crater are consistent with late stage downward migration of salts, implying the presence of small amounts of liquid water even in relatively recent Martian history. While the mechanisms for chemical weathering and salt additions on Mars remain unclear, the soil chemistry appears to record a decline in leaching efficiency. A deep sedimentary exposure at Endurance crater contains complex depth profiles of SO4, Cl, and Br, trends generally consistent with downward aqueous transport accompanied by drying. While no model for the origin of Martian soils can be fully constrained with the currently available data, a pedogenic origin is consistent with observed Martian geology and geochemistry, and provides a testable hypothesis that can be evaluated with present and future data from the Mars surface. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPOTHESIS
KW  - EROSION
KW  - SALTS
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 33345197; Amundson, Ronald 1; Email Address: earthy@nature.berkeley.edu Ewing, Stephanie 1 Dietrich, William 2 Sutter, Brad 3 Owen, Justine 1 Chadwick, Oliver 4 Nishiizumi, Kunihiko 5 Walvoord, Michelle 6 McKay, Christopher 7; Affiliation:  1: Division of Ecosystem Sciences, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, McCone Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Jacobs NASA/Johnson Space Center, MC JE23, 2224 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  5: Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS-413, Lakewood, CO 80225-0046, USA  7: NASA-Ames Research Center, Building 245, Room 212, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 72 Issue 15, p3845; Subject Term: HYPOTHESIS; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: SALTS; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2008.04.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dever, Joyce A.
AU  - Miller, Sharon K.
AU  - Sechkar, Edward A.
AU  - Wittberg, Thomas N.
T1  - Space Environment Exposure of Polymer Films on the Materials International Space Station Experiment: Results from MISSE 1 and MISSE 2.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 371
EP  - 387
SN  - 09540083
AB  - A total of thirty-one samples were included in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) Polymer Film Thermal Control (PFTC) and Gossamer Materials experiments, which were exposed to the low Earth orbit environment for nearly 4 years on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) as part of the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE 1 and MISSE 2). This paper describes objectives, materials, and characterizations for the MISSE 1 and MISSE 2 GRC PFTC and Gossamer Materials samples. Samples included films of polyimides, fluorinated polyimides, and Teflon® fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with and without second-surface metalized layers and/or surface coatings. Films of polyphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) and a polyarylene ether benzimidazole (TOR-LMTM) were also included. Polymer film samples were examined post-flight for changes in mechanical and optical properties. The environment in which the samples were located was characterized through analysis of sapphire contamination witness samples and samples dedicated to atomic oxygen (AO) erosion measurements. Results of the analyses of the PFTC and Gossamer Materials experiments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - POLYPHENYLENE oxide
KW  - THIN films
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - polymer films
KW  - Space environment
KW  - spacecraft thermal control
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 34930865; Dever, Joyce A. 1 Miller, Sharon K. 1 Sechkar, Edward A. 2 Wittberg, Thomas N. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., M.S. 106-1 Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: ASRC Aerospace Corp., Cleveland, OH, USA  3: University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 20 Issue 4/5, p371; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: POLYPHENYLENE oxide; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: spacecraft thermal control; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0954008308089704
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34930865&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Groh, Kim K.
AU  - Banks, Bruce A.
AU  - Catherine E. Mccarthy
AU  - Rochelle N. Rucker
AU  - Lily M. Roberts
AU  - Lauren A. Berger
T1  - MISSE 2 PEACE Polymers Atomic Oxygen Erosion Experiment on the International Space Station.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 388
EP  - 409
SN  - 09540083
AB  - Forty-one different polymer samples, collectively called the Polymer Erosion and Contamination Experiment (PEACE) Polymers, were exposed to the low Earth orbit (LEO) environment on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) for nearly 4 years as part of Materials International Space Station Experiment 2 (MISSE 2). The objective of the PEACE Polymers experiment was to determine the atomic oxygen erosion yield of a wide variety of polymeric materials after long-term exposure to the space environment. The polymers range from those commonly used for spacecraft applications, such as Teflon® FEP, to more recently developed polymers, such as high temperature polyimide PMR (polymerization of monomer reactants). Additional polymers were included to explore erosion yield dependence upon chemical composition. The MISSE PEACE Polymers experiment was flown in MISSE Passive Experiment Carrier 2 (PEC 2), tray 1, attached to the exterior of the ISS Quest Airlock. It was exposed to atomic oxygen along with solar and charged particle radiation. MISSE 2 was successfully retrieved during a space walk on July 30, 2005 during Discovery's STS-114 Return to Flight mission. Details on the specific polymers flown, flight sample fabrication, pre-flight and post-flight characterization techniques, and atomic oxygen fluence calculations are discussed along with a summary of the atomic oxygen erosion yield results. The MISSE 2 PEACE Polymers experiment is unique because it has the widest variety of polymers flown in LEO for a long duration and was exposed to an unusually clean LEO spacecraft environment. This experiment provides extremely valuable erosion yield data for spacecraft design purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 34930866; De Groh, Kim K. 1 Banks, Bruce A. 2 Catherine E. Mccarthy 3 Rochelle N. Rucker 3 Lily M. Roberts 3 Lauren A. Berger 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., M.S. 309-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Alphaport, Inc. at NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Hathaway Brown School, Shaker Heights, OH, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 20 Issue 4/5, p388; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0954008308089705
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34930866&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Groh, Kim K.
AU  - Aaron Snyder
AU  - Katherine A. Finlay
T1  - Degradation of Hubble Space Telescope Aluminized-Teflon Bi-Stem Thermal Shields.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 410
EP  - 428
SN  - 09540083
AB  - A section of retrieved Hubble Space Telescope (HST) bi-stem thermal shields (BSTS), which experienced 8.25 years of space exposure, was analyzed for space environmental durability. The shields were comprised of 2 mil (0.051 mm) aluminized-Teflon fluorinated ethylene propylene (Al-FEP) rings fused together into a circular bellows shape. As the circular thermal shields had solar, anti-solar and solar-grazing surfaces and were exposed to the space environment for a long duration, it provided a unique opportunity to study solar effects on the environmental degradation of Al-FEP, a commonly used spacecraft thermal control material. Therefore, the objective of this research was to characterize the degradation of retrieved HST BSTS Al-FEP with particular emphasis on solar effects. Data obtained included tensile properties, density (as-retrieved and after 200 °C heating), solar absorptance, and surface morphology and chemistry. The solar-facing surfaces of the thermal shields were found to be extremely embrittled and contained numerous through-thickness cracks. Tensile testing verified that near solar-facing surfaces lost their mechanical strength and elasticity, whereas the anti-solar-facing surfaces maintained their ductility. The density of the as-retrieved BSTS insulation was similar to pristine FEP. Heating at 200 °C resulted in significant increases in density for the solar-facing BSTS indicating chain scission damage, consistent with the loss of mechanical strength and elongation. The solar absorptance of the solar-grazing and the antisolar-facing surfaces were found to be similar to pristine BSTS, whereas the solar-facing surfaces were found to have significantly increased solar absorptance. Both solar- and anti-solar-facing surfaces were microscopically textured from sweeping atomic oxygen erosion with the solar-facing surface appearing to have a more pronounced texture in spite of being exposed to a lower atomic oxygen fluence indicating a possible solar/atomic oxygen synergistic effect. These results provide valuable information on space environmental degradation of Al-FEP, particularly with respect to solar radiation effects on embrittlement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYTEF
KW  - PLASTIC coating
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - FLUOROPOLYMERS
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 34930867; De Groh, Kim K. 1 Aaron Snyder 2 Katherine A. Finlay 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., M.S. 309-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Plum Brook Station, Sandusky, OH, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 20 Issue 4/5, p410; Subject Term: POLYTEF; Subject Term: PLASTIC coating; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: FLUOROPOLYMERS; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0954008308089706
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34930867&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Waters, Deborah L.
AU  - Banks, Bruce A.
AU  - De Groh, Kim K.
AU  - Miller, Sharon K. R.
AU  - Thorson, Stephen D.
T1  - The Atomic Oxygen Erosion Depth and Cone Height of Various Materials at Hyperthermal Energy.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 512
EP  - 522
SN  - 09540083
AB  - Atomic oxygen readily reacts with most spacecraft polymer materials exposed to the low Earth orbital (LEO) environment. If the atomic oxygen arrival comes from a fixed angle of impact, the resulting erosion will foster the development of a change in surface morphology as material thickness decreases. Hydrocarbon and halopolymer materials, as well as graphite, are easily oxidized and textured by directed atomic oxygen in LEO at energies of ~4.5 eV. What has been curious is that the ratio of cone height to erosion depth is quite different for different materials. The formation of cones under fixed direction atomic oxygen attack may contribute to a reduction in material tensile strength in excess of that which would occur if the cone height to erosion depth ratio was very low because of greater opportunities for crack initiation. In an effort to understand how material composition affects the ratio of cone height to erosion depth, an experimental investigation was conducted on 18 different materials exposed to a hyperthermal energy directed atomic oxygen source (~70 eV). The materials were first salt-sprayed to provide microscopic local areas that would be protected from atomic oxygen. This allowed erosion depth measurements to be made by scanning microscopy inspection. The polymers were then exposed to atomic oxygen produced by an end Hall ion source that was operated on pure oxygen. Samples were exposed to an atomic oxygen effective fluence of 1.0 × 1020 atoms cm-2 based on Kapton H polyimide erosion. The average erosion depth and average cone height were determined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The experimental ratio of average cone height to erosion depth is compared to polymer composition and other properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - Atomic Oxygen
KW  - Cone Height
KW  - Erosion Depth
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Space Environment
N1  - Accession Number: 34930873; Waters, Deborah L. 1 Banks, Bruce A. 2 De Groh, Kim K. 2 Miller, Sharon K. R. 2 Thorson, Stephen D. 3; Affiliation:  1: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, US  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, US  3: University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1633 Monroe Street, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 20 Issue 4/5, p512; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cone Height; Author-Supplied Keyword: Erosion Depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Environment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0954008308089712
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34930873&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Sharon K. R.
AU  - Banks, Bruce A.
AU  - Waters, Deborah L.
T1  - Investigation into the Differences Between Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yields of Materials in Ground-Based Facilities and LEO.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 523
EP  - 534
SN  - 09540083
AB  - The atomic oxygen erosion yields of various materials, measured in terms of volume of material oxidized per incident oxygen atom, are sometimes very different for materials exposed in ground-based atomic oxygen facilities compared to those exposed in low Earth orbit (LEO) for the same materials. This difference has often been attributed to a synergistic reaction between atomic oxygen and vacuum ultraviolet radiation present in many ground-based atomic oxygen facilities. Energy and presence of charged species has also been thought to play a role in this observed difference in erosion yield. Using an isotropic thermal energy atomic oxygen source and a hyperthermal atomic oxygen directed beam, an attempt was made to isolate each of these factors for polyimide Kapton HN, polyethylene, and FEP Teflon to determine the sensitivity of the erosion yield to each factor. It was found that each polymer appears to have atomic oxygen synergistic effects with different components of the environment. Isolating each environmental component to determine the important component for a particular material is an important step in enabling better durability prediction using ground-based facilities. Ground testing using the expected space environment components and the development of correlation factors to better relate the ground test to a particular mission environment are important to project in-space material durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - atomic oxygen
KW  - FEP teflon
KW  - low Earth orbit
KW  - polyethylene
KW  - synergistic effects
KW  - ultraviolet radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 34930874; Miller, Sharon K. R. 1 Banks, Bruce A. 1 Waters, Deborah L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd MS 309-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, US  2: QSS Group, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd MS 309-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, US; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 20 Issue 4/5, p523; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: atomic oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: FEP teflon; Author-Supplied Keyword: low Earth orbit; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyethylene; Author-Supplied Keyword: synergistic effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0954008308089711
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zent, Aaron
T1  - A historical search for habitable ice at the Phoenix landing site
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 196
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 408
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: A time-resolved energy balance model in the latitude range targeted by Phoenix, and extending back in time over the past 10 Ma, has been developed and used to predict the time-varying temperature field in ground ice over scales ranging from minutes to millions of years. The temperature history is compared to the population doubling times of terrestrial psychrophiles as a function of temperature, and the lifetime of analog microbe spores against de-activation by galactic cosmic rays (GCR), in order to assess the habitability of ground ice and surrounding materials that may be sampled by Phoenix. Metrics are derived to quantify “habitability” and compare different model configurations, including total and maximum continuous time, per year, that ground ice temperatures exceed various thresholds, maximum and average dormancy periods, and maximum and average consecutive growing seasons. The key unknowns in assessing the position, and hence the temperature, of the ground ice table at high northern latitude is the fate of the perennial north polar cap at high obliquity. If enough H2O ice can persist at polar latitudes to buffer at least the high-latitude atmosphere at all orbital configurations, ground ice is found to be relatively shallow over much of the past 10 Ma, and regularly achieves temperatures in excess of those required for the growth of terrestrial psychrophiles. The dry overburden expected at the landing site can easily be sampled by Phoenix, and includes the “sweet spot” that is characterized by the optimal habitability metrics over the past 10 Ma. If the atmosphere is buffered only by low-latitude ice deposits at obliquities greater than about 30°, the frequency and duration of habitable ice is considerably diminished, and the intervening dormancy periods, during which cosmic ray damage accumulates, are correspondingly longer. In all cases, the maximum dormancy period that must be survived by putative martian psychrophiles is at least an order of magnitude greater than the amount of time required to reduce terrestrial psychrophile spore viability by 10−6 ( years). Depending on the fate of high-obliquity polar ice, the maximum dormancy period can exceed years, a factor of 60 longer than terrestrial psychrophile spore lifetimes. Habitability of martian ground ice is therefore dependent on putative martian psychrophiles developing robustness against GCR deactivation at least an order of magnitude greater than their terrestrial counterparts. Simulations of ground ice throughout the 65° N–72° N latitude range accessible to Phoenix suggest that higher-latitude ground ice has better habitability metrics, although the discrepancy is less than an order of magnitude for all metrics and across the entire latitude range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - climate ( Mars )
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - polar caps ( Mars )
KW  - polar geology ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 33346941; Zent, Aaron 1; Email Address: aaron.p.zent@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 196 Issue 2, p385; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: polar caps ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: polar geology ( Mars ); Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Adrian J.
AU  - Byrne, Shane
AU  - Tornabene, Livio L.
AU  - Roush, Ted
T1  - Louth crater: Evolution of a layered water ice mound
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 196
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 433
EP  - 445
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We report on observations made of the ∼36 km diameter crater, Louth, in the north polar region of Mars (at 70° N, 103.2° E). High-resolution imagery from the instruments on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) spacecraft has been used to map a 15 km diameter water ice deposit in the center of the crater. The water ice mound has surface features that include roughened ice textures and layering similar to that found in the North Polar Layered Deposits. Features we interpret as sastrugi and sand dunes show consistent wind patterns within Louth over recent time. CRISM spectra of the ice mound were modeled to derive quantitative estimates of water ice and contaminant abundance, and associated ice grain size information. These morphologic and spectral results are used to propose a stratigraphy for this deposit and adjoining sand dunes. Our results suggest the edge of the water ice mound is currently in retreat. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - IR spectroscopy ( Ices )
KW  - Mars
KW  - polar geology ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 33346944; Brown, Adrian J. 1,2; Email Address: abrown@seti.org Byrne, Shane 3 Tornabene, Livio L. 3 Roush, Ted 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Rd, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 196 Issue 2, p433; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy ( Ices ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: polar geology ( Mars ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33346944&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, K.E.
AU  - Toon, O.B.
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Mellon, M.T.
T1  - Stability of mid-latitude snowpacks on Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 196
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 565
EP  - 577
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Christensen [2003. Nature 422, 45–48] suggested that runoff from melting snowpacks on martian slopes might be responsible for carving gullies. He also suggested that snowpacks currently exist on Mars, for example on the walls of Dao Valles (approximately 33° S). Such snowpacks were presumably formed during the last obliquity cycle, which occurred about 70,000 years ago. In this paper we investigate a specific scenario under conditions we believe are favorable for snowpack melting. We model the rate at which a snowpack located at 33° S on a poleward-facing slope sublimates and melts on Mars, as well as the temperature profile within the snowpack. Our model includes the energy and mass balance of a snowpack experiencing diurnal variations in insolation. Our results indicate that a dirty snowpack would quickly sublimate and melt under current martian climate conditions. For example a 1 m thick dusty snowpack of moderate density (550 kg/m3) and albedo (0.39) would sublimate in less than two seasons, producing a small amount of meltwater runoff. Similarly, a cleaner snowpack (albedo 0.53) would disappear in less than 9 seasons. These results suggest that the putative snowpack almost certainly could not have survived for 70,000 years. For most of the parameter settings snowpack interior temperatures at this latitude and slope do reach the melting point. Under most conditions melting occurs when the snowpack is less than 10 cm thick. The modeled snowpack will not melt if it is covered by a 1 cm dust lag. In general, these findings raise interesting possibilities regarding gully formation, but perhaps mostly during a past climate regime when snowfall was expected to have occurred. If there currently are exposed snowpacks on martian mid-latitude slopes, then these ice sheets cannot last long. Hence they might be time variable features on Mars and should be searched for. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - ICE caps
KW  - GEODYNAMICS
KW  - Ices
KW  - surface ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 33346953; Williams, K.E. 1; Email Address: kaj.williams@colorado.edu Toon, O.B. 1 Heldmann, J.L. 2 McKay, C. 2 Mellon, M.T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP UCB 392), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 196 Issue 2, p565; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: ICE caps; Subject Term: GEODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Mars ); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.03.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33346953&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scully, R. C.
T1  - Predicted Ku-Band Attenuation by Twisted Nonshielded Cable and Twisted Shielded, Controlled Impedance Cable.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
Y1  - 2008/08//Aug2008 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 542
EP  - 546
SN  - 00189375
AB  - Increasingly, the latest spacecraft designs utilize partially conducting composite materials such as graphite epoxy or carbon-loaded Kevlar panels. These materials provide significant weight and mechanical advantages compared to conventional metallic structures, but their radio-frequency (RF) shielding properties are not well understood. In order to maintain a specified level of electromagnetic shielding on the spacecraft, it is necessary to use these composites and other materials to construct complex electromagnetic interference closeouts where harnesses, propulsion lines, RF cables, and waveguides penetrate the spacecraft Faraday cage. Shielding effectiveness measurements of these composite materials with standard seams and penetrations were performed. Closeout methodology was based on best commercial practices and included materials such as metallic mesh screen, double-sided metal-clad dielectric, conductive thermal blankets, and metallic foil tape with conductive adhesive. The test was conducted using standard methods inside a MIL-STD-461E anechoic chamber. Results demonstrated that the spacecraft composite structure with closeouts typical for commercial spacecraft can provide greater than 40 dB of shielding effectiveness from 200 MHz to 10 GHz and greater than 30 dB of shielding effectiveness from 10 to 40 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - Attenuation
KW  - electromagnetic coupling
KW  - traveling wave antennas (TWAs)
KW  - twisted pair cables
N1  - Accession Number: 34263960; Scully, R. C. 1; Email Address: robert.c.scully@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 USA; Source Info: Aug2008 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p542; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetic coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: traveling wave antennas (TWAs); Author-Supplied Keyword: twisted pair cables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/EMC.2008.927734
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wenbo Sun
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Zhenhui Wang
AU  - Yunfei Fu
AU  - Qian Feng
AU  - Ping Yang
T1  - Side-Face Effect of a Dielectric Strip on Its Optical Properties.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2337
EP  - 2344
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Light scattering by horizontally oriented platelike particles under normal incidence, such as ice plates or tree leaves under spaceborne lidar or radar waves, needs to be investigated for remote sensing of cirrus clouds or vegetation canopies. The solutions from the conventional geometrical ray tracing method for the scattering of electromagnetic waves by these particles are quite inaccurate because of-the singularity problem that is inherent to this method. The scattering properties of large horizontally oriented platelike particles are usually approximated by using physical optics or electromagnetic wave theory while ignoring the side-face effect of the plates. In this paper, to examine the effect of side faces on light scattering by platelike particles, a 2-D finite-difference time-domain technique is applied to calculate light scattering by horizontally oriented ice and leaf strips under normal or quasi-normal incidence. It is found that for moderate-sized strips, the side faces of the particles scatter a significant amount of energy, resulting in strong maxima in the scattering phase function at certain scattering angles. By ignoring the effect of side faces, the scattering phase functions derived from electromagnetic wave theory have significant errors for small or moderate-sized strips. However, the ratio of the amount of energy scattered by the side faces to the total scattered energy decreases with the increase of strip width. When the size parameter of the strip is in the limit of geometric optics, the side-face effect is reduced to a negligible amount. However, even in this case, the polarization degrees from the approximation solutions of physical optics or electromagnetic wave theory ignoring the side-face effect still have large errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ELECTRONIC pulse techniques
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - REFRACTION (Optics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - Finite-difference time domain (FDTD)
KW  - scattering
KW  - side-face effect
KW  - strip
N1  - Accession Number: 34045886; Wenbo Sun 1,2; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov Bing Lin 3 Yongxiang Hu 3 Zhenhui Wang 4 Yunfei Fu 5 Qian Feng 6 Ping Yang 6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668 USA.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 USA.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA.  4: School of Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.  5: School of Earth and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.  6: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA.; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p2337; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC pulse techniques; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: REFRACTION (Optics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-difference time domain (FDTD); Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: side-face effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: strip; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - d'Humières, Dominique
AU  - Krafczyk, Manfred
AU  - Luo, Li-Shi
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Dedication to Pierre Lallemand on the occasion of his retirement.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 22
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 439
SN  - 10618562
AB  - The article reports that a tribute to Pierre Lallemand on the occasion of his retirement was given during the fourth international conference for mesoscopic methods in engineering and science in Munich, Germany from July 16 to 20, 2007. Lallemand retired from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) after more than 40 years of service. Information on Lallemand's educational background and professional career and achievements is provided.
KW  - RETIREES
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - CENTRE national de la recherche scientifique (France) -- Officials & employees
KW  - LALLEMAND, Pierre
N1  - Accession Number: 33299583; d'Humières, Dominique 1; Email Address: dominiq@lps.ens.fr Krafczyk, Manfred 2; Email Address: kraft@cab.bau.tu-bs.de Luo, Li-Shi 3; Email Address: lluo@odu.edu Rubinstein, Robert 4; Email Address: r.rubinstein@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'École Normale Supérieure 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cédex 05, France  2: Institut für rechnergestützte Modellierung im Bauingenieurwesen  3: Technische Universität Carola-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig Pockelsstraβe 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany  4: Department of Mathematics and Statistics and Center for Computational Sciences Old Dominion University, Computational Aerosciences Branch Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 22 Issue 7, p437; Subject Term: RETIREES; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Subject Term: OLDER people; Subject Term: CENTRE national de la recherche scientifique (France) -- Officials & employees; People: LALLEMAND, Pierre; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560802305439
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finke, Niko
AU  - Jørgensen, Bo Barker
T1  - Response of fermentation and sulfate reduction to experimental temperature changes in temperate and Arctic marine sediments.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 2
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 815
EP  - 829
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Anaerobic degradation of organic material generally proceeds through a sequence of steps, including polymer hydrolysis, fermentation and respiration or methanogenesis. The intermediates, such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) or H2, are generally maintained at low concentration, showing a close coupling of the terminal oxidation to fermentation. We exposed marine sediments to extreme temperature perturbations to study the nature and robustness of this coupling. Bacterial sulfate reduction and its dependence on fermentation were studied experimentally over a broad temperature range of −0.3 to 40 °C in sediments from temperate and permanently cold environments. In an Arctic sediment from Svalbard, the apparent optimum temperature for sulfate reduction decreased with prolonged incubation, whereas sulfate reduction rates increased. In a temperate sediment from the North Sea, the apparent optimum temperature was higher and did not change with incubation time. Up to a critical temperature, the concentrations of VFA remained low, <3 μM for acetate and <1 μM for the other VFA, the H2 concentration showed thermodynamic control by sulfate-reducing bacteria, revealing a close coupling of fermentation and sulfate reduction. Above the critical temperature, the concentrations of VFA and H2 increased transiently by 100–1000-fold. According to the different in situ temperatures of the samples, the critical temperature was lower for sediments from the Arctic than from the North Sea. The H2 concentrations decreased again upon prolonged incubation to values typical for sulfate-depleted methanogenic sediments. This suggests that fermentative bacteria and methanogenic archaea in both sediments tolerated higher temperatures than the sulfate-reducing community.The ISME Journal (2008) 2, 815–829; doi:10.1038/ismej.2008.20; published online 28 February 2008 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERMENTATION
KW  - FATTY acids
KW  - ANAEROBIC bacteria
KW  - MARINE sediments -- Microbiology
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - hydrogen
KW  - marine sediments
KW  - sulfate reduction
KW  - temperature response
KW  - volatile fatty acids
N1  - Accession Number: 34216540; Finke, Niko 1,2; Email Address: nfinke@web.de Jørgensen, Bo Barker 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biogeochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 2 Issue 8, p815; Subject Term: FERMENTATION; Subject Term: FATTY acids; Subject Term: ANAEROBIC bacteria; Subject Term: MARINE sediments -- Microbiology; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: marine sediments; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfate reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature response; Author-Supplied Keyword: volatile fatty acids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2008.20
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, Marie-Hélène
AU  - Sayir, Ali
T1  - Directional solidification of Al2O3–Al2TiO5 system
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 28
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2411
EP  - 2419
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Directional solidification of Al2O3–Al2TiO5 eutectic system was investigated to design in situ composites that could exhibit optimized properties of strength and toughness. Directional solidification of an alumina rich melt was expected to produce primary Al2O3 dendrites, these would act as load bearing component of the structure, separated by a Al2O3–Al2TiO5 eutectic matrix and. Additional aim was to utilize the differential expansion coefficient between the two phases to produce microcracks and thus weak interfaces for load deflection. Three different melt compositions were investigated; two off-eutectic compositions, at 11, 26mol% TiO2, and one eutectic at 43.9mol% TiO2. The crystallized phases were different than as one would expect from the published phase diagram. Off-eutectics were composed of Al2O3 dendrites separated by a Al6Ti2O13 matrix. Eutectic structure was composed of Al2TiO5 lamellae in an aluminum titanate matrix. This matrix consisted of a superstructure made of 5 cells of Al6Ti2O13 for one cell of Al2TiO5 along [001] direction. Al6TiO13 phase decomposed by a eutectoid reaction into Al2O3 and Al2TiO5. Eutectoid reaction occurred during post heat treatment at 1400°C and decomposition of Al6Ti2O13 was completed after 10h of annealing at 1500°C. Based on these observations, a modification of the alumina rich part of Al2O3–TiO2 phase diagram was proposed. A second intermediate compound, Al6Ti2O13 is introduced as a high temperature phase. Two invariant points, a peritectic (L+Al2O3 →Al6Ti2O13) and a eutectic (L→Al6Ti2O13 +Al2TiO5) are also added between Al6Ti2O13 and Al2TiO5. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIRECTIONAL solidification
KW  - SOLIDIFICATION
KW  - MELTING points
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - Al2O3
KW  - Al2TiO5
KW  - Directional solidification
KW  - Electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 32877914; Berger, Marie-Hélène 1 Sayir, Ali 2; Email Address: ali.sayir-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Centre des Matériaux, Mines Paris, ParisTech, CNRS UMR 7633, BP 87, 91003 Evry Cedex, France  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, CWRU, MS 106, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 28 Issue 12, p2411; Subject Term: DIRECTIONAL solidification; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: MELTING points; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al2O3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al2TiO5; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directional solidification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.03.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S.  Raj
T1  - Comparison of the Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of As-Cast Cu–17%Cr and Cu–17%Cr–5%Al Part I: Oxidation Kinetics.
JO  - Oxidation of Metals
JF  - Oxidation of Metals
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 70
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
EP  - 102
SN  - 0030770X
AB  - Abstract  The isothermal oxidation kinetics of as-cast Cu–17%Cr and Cu–17%Cr–5%Al in air were studied between 773 and 1,173 K under atmospheric pressure. These observations reveal that Cu–17%Cr–5%Al oxidizes at significantly slower rates than Cu–17%Cr. The rate constants for the alloys were determined from generalized analyses of the data without an a priori assumption of the nature of the oxidation kinetics. Detailed analyses of the isothermal thermogravimetric weight change data revealed that Cu–17%Cr exhibited parabolic oxidation kinetics with an activation energy of 165.9 ± 9.5 kJ/mol. In contrast, the oxidation kinetics for the Cu–17%Cr–5%Al alloy exhibited a parabolic oxidation kinetics during the initial stages followed by a quartic relationship in the later stages of oxidation. Alternatively, the oxidation behavior of Cu–17%Cr–5%Al could be better represented by a logarithmic relationship. The parabolic rate constants and activation energy data for the two alloys are compared with literature data to gain insights on the nature of the oxidation mechanisms dominant in these alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oxidation of Metals is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - GRAVIMETRIC analysis
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - ALLOYS
N1  - Accession Number: 33649611; S.  Raj 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 70 Issue 1/2, p85; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: GRAVIMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S.  Raj
T1  - Comparison of the Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of As-Cast Cu–17%Cr and Cu–17%Cr–5%Al. Part II: Scale Microstructures.
JO  - Oxidation of Metals
JF  - Oxidation of Metals
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 70
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 119
SN  - 0030770X
AB  - Abstract  The isothermal oxidation kinetics of as-cast Cu–17%Cr and Cu–17%Cr–5%Al in air were studied between 773 and 1,173 K under atmospheric pressure. Details of the oxidation kinetics of these alloys were discussed in Part I. This paper analyzes the microstructures of the scale and its composition in an attempt to elucidate the oxidation mechanisms in these alloys. The scales formed on Cu–17%Cr specimens oxidized between 773 and 973 K consisted of external CuO and subsurface Cu2O layers. The total thickness of these scales varied from about 10 μm at 773 K to about 450 μm at 973 K. In contrast, thin scales formed on Cu–17%Cr–5%Al alloys oxidized between 773 and 1,173 K. The exact nature of these scales could not be determined by X-ray diffraction but energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses were used to construct a scale composition map. Phenomenological oxidation mechanisms are proposed for the two alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oxidation of Metals is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 33649614; S.  Raj 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 70 Issue 1/2, p103; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Georgiadis, Nicholas J.
T1  - Large-eddy simulation—Current capabilities and areas of needed research
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 379
EP  - 380
SN  - 03760421
N1  - Accession Number: 34200416; Georgiadis, Nicholas J. 1; Email Address: Georgiadis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p379; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2008.07.001
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bugos, Glenn E.
AU  - Boyd, John W.
T1  - Accelerating entrepreneurial space: The case for an NACA-style organization
JO  - Space Policy
JF  - Space Policy
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 147
SN  - 02659646
AB  - Abstract: The entrepreneurial space industry today faces challenges similar to those facing the commercial aircraft industry in the early part of the last century. At that time the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) helped develop many of the key technologies that enabled air travel to become effective, economical and safe. Today, in discussing how best to support the realization of a commercial space economy, we suggest revisiting what an NACA-style organization can contribute. This paper outlines the key concepts that made the NACA so successful: a committee structure, open source publication, a willingness to try any useful experimental method, and a focus on problem definition. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Space Policy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
N1  - Accession Number: 33538219; Bugos, Glenn E.; Email Address: Glenn.E.Bugos@nasa.gov Boyd, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames History Office, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 207-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p140; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.spacepol.2008.06.003
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stern, S.
T1  - The New Horizons Pluto Kuiper Belt Mission: An Overview with Historical Context.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 140
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 21
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - NASA’s New Horizons (NH) Pluto–Kuiper Belt (PKB) mission was selected for development on 29 November 2001 following a competitive selection resulting from a NASA mission Announcement of Opportunity. New Horizons is the first mission to the Pluto system and the Kuiper belt, and will complete the reconnaissance of the classical planets. New Horizons was launched on 19 January 2006 on a Jupiter Gravity Assist (JGA) trajectory toward the Pluto system, for a 14 July 2015 closest approach to Pluto; Jupiter closest approach occurred on 28 February 2007. The ∼400 kg spacecraft carries seven scientific instruments, including imagers, spectrometers, radio science, a plasma and particles suite, and a dust counter built by university students. NH will study the Pluto system over an 8-month period beginning in early 2015. Following its exploration of the Pluto system, NH will go on to reconnoiter one or two 30–50 kilometer diameter Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) if the spacecraft is in good health and NASA approves an extended mission. New Horizons has already demonstrated the ability of Principal Investigator (PI) led missions to use nuclear power sources and to be launched to the outer solar system. As well, the mission has demonstrated the ability of non-traditional entities, like the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) and the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) to explore the outer solar system, giving NASA new programmatic flexibility and enhancing the competitive options when selecting outer planet missions. If successful, NH will represent a watershed development in the scientific exploration of a new class of bodies in the solar system—dwarf planets, of worlds with exotic volatiles on their surfaces, of rapidly (possibly hydrodynamically) escaping atmospheres, and of giant impact derived satellite systems. It will also provide other valuable contributions to planetary science, including: the first dust density measurements beyond 18 AU, cratering records that shed light on both the ancient and present-day KBO impactor population down to tens of meters, and a key comparator to the puzzlingly active, former dwarf planet (now satellite of Neptune) called Triton which is in the same size class as the small planets Eris and Pluto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Kuiper belt
KW  - Mission
KW  - New Horizons
KW  - Pluto
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35622855; Stern, S. 1; Email Address: alan.stern@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Science Mission Directorate , 300 E Street SW Washington 20546 USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 140 Issue 1-4, p3; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: New Horizons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-007-9295-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, Leslie
AU  - Stern, S.
AU  - Weaver, Harold
AU  - Bagenal, Fran
AU  - Binzel, Richard
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie
AU  - Cheng, Andrew
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale
AU  - Gladstone, G.
AU  - Grundy, William
AU  - Hinson, David
AU  - Horanyi, Mihaly
AU  - Jennings, Donald
AU  - Linscott, Ivan
AU  - McComas, David
AU  - McKinnon, William
AU  - McNutt, Ralph
AU  - Moore, Jeffery
AU  - Murchie, Scott
AU  - Olkin, Catherine
T1  - New Horizons: Anticipated Scientific Investigations at the Pluto System.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 140
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 127
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The New Horizons spacecraft will achieve a wide range of measurement objectives at the Pluto system, including color and panchromatic maps, 1.25–2.50 micron spectral images for studying surface compositions, and measurements of Pluto’s atmosphere (temperatures, composition, hazes, and the escape rate). Additional measurement objectives include topography, surface temperatures, and the solar wind interaction. The fulfillment of these measurement objectives will broaden our understanding of the Pluto system, such as the origin of the Pluto system, the processes operating on the surface, the volatile transport cycle, and the energetics and chemistry of the atmosphere. The mission, payload, and strawman observing sequences have been designed to achieve the NASA-specified measurement objectives and maximize the science return. The planned observations at the Pluto system will extend our knowledge of other objects formed by giant impact (such as the Earth–moon), other objects formed in the outer solar system (such as comets and other icy dwarf planets), other bodies with surfaces in vapor-pressure equilibrium (such as Triton and Mars), and other bodies with N2:CH4 atmospheres (such as Titan, Triton, and the early Earth). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Charon
KW  - Hydra
KW  - New Horizons
KW  - Nix
KW  - Pluto
N1  - Accession Number: 35622847; Young, Leslie 1; Email Address: layoung@boulder.swri.edu Stern, S. 1 Weaver, Harold 2 Bagenal, Fran 3 Binzel, Richard 4 Buratti, Bonnie 5 Cheng, Andrew 2 Cruikshank, Dale 6 Gladstone, G. 7 Grundy, William 8 Hinson, David 9 Horanyi, Mihaly 3 Jennings, Donald 10 Linscott, Ivan 9 McComas, David 7 McKinnon, William 11 McNutt, Ralph 2 Moore, Jeffery 6 Murchie, Scott 2 Olkin, Catherine 1; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute , Boulder USA  2: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab. , Laurel USA  3: University of Colorado , Boulder USA  4: Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field USA  7: Southwest Research Institute , San Antonio USA  8: Lowell Observatory , Flagstaff USA  9: Stanford University , Stanford USA  10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt USA  11: Washington University , Saint Louis USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 140 Issue 1-4, p93; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydra; Author-Supplied Keyword: New Horizons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Number of Pages: 35p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-008-9462-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35622847&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reuter, Dennis
AU  - Stern, S.
AU  - Scherrer, John
AU  - Jennings, Donald
AU  - Baer, James
AU  - Hanley, John
AU  - Hardaway, Lisa
AU  - Lunsford, Allen
AU  - McMuldroch, Stuart
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey
AU  - Olkin, Cathy
AU  - Parizek, Robert
AU  - Reitsma, Harold
AU  - Sabatke, Derek
AU  - Spencer, John
AU  - Stone, John
AU  - Throop, Henry
AU  - Cleve, Jeffrey
AU  - Weigle, Gerald
AU  - Young, Leslie
T1  - Ralph: A Visible/Infrared Imager for the New Horizons Pluto/Kuiper Belt Mission.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2008/08//
VL  - 140
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 154
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The New Horizons instrument named Ralph is a visible/near infrared multi-spectral imager and a short wavelength infrared spectral imager. It is one of the core instruments on New Horizons, NASA’s first mission to the Pluto/Charon system and the Kuiper Belt. Ralph combines panchromatic and color imaging capabilities with SWIR imaging spectroscopy. Its primary purpose is to map the surface geology and composition of these objects, but it will also be used for atmospheric studies and to map the surface temperature. It is a compact, low-mass (10.5 kg) power efficient (7.1 W peak), and robust instrument with good sensitivity and excellent imaging characteristics. Other than a door opened once in flight, it has no moving parts. These characteristics and its high degree of redundancy make Ralph ideally suited to this long-duration flyby reconnaissance mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - Hyperspectral imager
KW  - Infrared spectral imager
KW  - Kuiper Belt
KW  - Multi-spectral imager
KW  - New Horizons
KW  - Pluto/Charon
KW  - Ralph
KW  - TDI
KW  - Wedged filter
N1  - Accession Number: 35622852; Reuter, Dennis 1; Email Address: dennis.c.reuter@nasa.gov Stern, S. 2 Scherrer, John 3 Jennings, Donald 1 Baer, James 4 Hanley, John 3 Hardaway, Lisa 4 Lunsford, Allen 1 McMuldroch, Stuart 5 Moore, Jeffrey 6 Olkin, Cathy 7 Parizek, Robert 4 Reitsma, Harold 4 Sabatke, Derek 4 Spencer, John 7 Stone, John 3 Throop, Henry 7 Cleve, Jeffrey 4 Weigle, Gerald 3 Young, Leslie 7; Affiliation:  1: Code 693 , NASA/GSFC , Greenbelt 20771 USA  2: Space Sciences and Engineering Division , Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) , 1050 Walnut St., Suite 400 Boulder 80302 USA  3: SwRI , 6220 Culebra Rd. San Antonio 78228 USA  4: Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation (BATC) , 1600 Commerce St. Boulder 80301 USA  5: SSG Precision Optronics , 65 Jonspin Rd. Wilmington 01887 USA  6: MS 245-3 , NASA/Ames Research Center , Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA  7: Dept. of Space Studies , Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) , 1050 Walnut St., Suite 400 Boulder 80302 USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 140 Issue 1-4, p129; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral imager; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectral imager; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper Belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-spectral imager; Author-Supplied Keyword: New Horizons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto/Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ralph; Author-Supplied Keyword: TDI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wedged filter; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-008-9375-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levine, B. D.
AU  - Stray-Gundersen, J.
AU  - Mehta, R. D.
T1  - Effect of altitude on football performance.
JO  - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
JF  - Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
Y1  - 2008/08/02/Aug2008 Supplement 1
VL  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 76
EP  - 84
SN  - 09057188
AB  - Altitude will impact football performance through two separate and parallel pathways related to the hypobaric (physical) and hypoxic (physiological) components of terrestrial altitude: (a) the decrease in partial pressure of oxygen reduces maximal oxygen uptake and impairs “aerobic” performance by reducing maximal aerobic power, increasing the relative intensity of any given absolute level of work, and delaying recovery of high-energy phosphates between high-intensity “interval” type efforts; (b) the decrease in air density reduces air resistance which will facilitate high-velocity running, but will also alter drag and lift thereby impairing sensorimotor skills. These effects appear to have their greatest impact very early in the altitude exposure, and their physiological/neurosensory consequences are ameliorated by acclimatization, though the extent of restoration of sea level type performance depends on the absolute magnitude of the competing and living altitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFLUENCE of altitude
KW  - EFFECT of environment on human beings
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Physiological effect
KW  - MEDICAL climatology
KW  - ACCLIMATIZATION
KW  - ANOXEMIA
KW  - exercise
KW  - hypobaria
KW  - hypoxia
KW  - soccer
N1  - Accession Number: 34546533; Levine, B. D. 1 Stray-Gundersen, J. 2 Mehta, R. D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute For Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas  2: Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas, USA;  3: Fluid Mechanics Laboratory NASA Ames Research Center, Consultant in Sports Aerodynamics, Mountain View, California, USA; Source Info: Aug2008 Supplement 1, Vol. 18, p76; Subject Term: INFLUENCE of altitude; Subject Term: EFFECT of environment on human beings; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: MEDICAL climatology; Subject Term: ACCLIMATIZATION; Subject Term: ANOXEMIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: exercise; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypobaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypoxia; Author-Supplied Keyword: soccer; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00835.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sasaki, M.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Hams, T.
AU  - Kim, K.C.
AU  - Lee, M.H.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, S.
AU  - Ormes, J.F.
AU  - Sanuki, T.
AU  - Seo, E.S.
AU  - Shikaze, Y.
AU  - Streitmatter, R.E.
AU  - Suzuki, J.
T1  - Search for antihelium: Progress with BESS
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/08/05/
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 450
EP  - 454
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, we report searches for antihelium in cosmic rays using two recently flown magnetic rigidity spectrometers. BESS-TeV had extended rigidity with an MDR of 1.4TV and had a flight duration of one day. BESS-Polar was optimized for collecting power. It was flown for 8.5 days and had an MDR of 240GV. The former flight allows us to explore a previously unexplored rigidity band and the latter flight yields a factor of three improvement in the overall BESS limit. No antihelium candidate was found in the rigidity ranges of 1–500GV, and 0.6–20GV, among 7×104 events taken with BESS-TeV, and 8×106 events taken with BESS-Polar, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - RADIOACTIVITY
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - Antihelium
KW  - Antimatter
KW  - BESS
KW  - BESS-Polar
KW  - BESS-TeV
KW  - Cosmic ray
N1  - Accession Number: 32645500; Sasaki, M. 1; Email Address: sasaki@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Haino, S. 2 Abe, K. 3 Fuke, H. 4 Hams, T. 1 Kim, K.C. 5 Lee, M.H. 5 Makida, Y. 2 Matsuda, S. 2 Mitchell, J.W. 1 Moiseev, A.A. 1 Nishimura, J. 6 Nozaki, M. 2 Orito, S. 6 Ormes, J.F. 7 Sanuki, T. 6 Seo, E.S. 5 Shikaze, Y. 3 Streitmatter, R.E. 1 Suzuki, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  3: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  4: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan  5: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  6: The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  7: University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p450; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVITY; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antihelium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antimatter; Author-Supplied Keyword: BESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: BESS-Polar; Author-Supplied Keyword: BESS-TeV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic ray; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nobuhiko  P. Kobayashi
AU  - R.  Stanley Williams
T1  - Two-Stage Atomic Layer Deposition of Aluminum Oxide on Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers Using n-Propanol and Water as Oxygen Sources.
JO  - Chemistry of Materials
JF  - Chemistry of Materials
Y1  - 2008/08/05/
VL  - 20
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 5356
EP  - 5360
SN  - 08974756
AB  - Aluminum oxide (AlO x) was deposited onto strong hydrophobic surfaces of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by a two-stage atomic layer deposition (ALD) process; the first stage utilized n-propanol as the oxygen source, and the second stage proceeded with water. The resulting AlO xlayers were characterized with spectroscopic ellipsometry, reflection−absorption infrared spectroscopy, low-energy X-ray emission spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The optimized two-step ALD process significantly improved the surface morphology of AlO xlayers and effectively protected the structural integrities of underlying SAMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemistry of Materials is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - MONOMOLECULAR films
N1  - Accession Number: 34441160; Nobuhiko  P. Kobayashi 1 R.  Stanley Williams 1; Affiliation:  1: Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, Information and Quantum Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, California 94304, and Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 20 Issue 16, p5356; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: MONOMOLECULAR films; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Eldar Z. Noe6Dobrea
AU  - McKeown, Nancy K.
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Ehlmann, Bethany L.
AU  - Michalski, Joseph R.
AU  - Milliken, Ralph E.
AU  - Poulet, Francois
AU  - Swayze, Gregg A.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Bibring, Jean-Pierre
T1  - Phyllosilicate Diversity and Past Aqueous Activity Revealed at Mawrth Vallis, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/08/08/
VL  - 321
IS  - 5890
M3  - Article
SP  - 830
EP  - 833
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Observations by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter/Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars in the Mawrth Vallis region show several phyllosilicate species, indicating a wide range of past aqueous activity. Iron/magnesium (Fe/Mg)-smectite is observed in light-toned outcrops that probably formed via aqueous alteration of basalt of the ancient cratered terrain. This unit is overlain by rocks rich in hydrated silica, montmorillonite, and kaolinite that may have formed via subsequent leaching of Fe and Mg through extended aqueous events or a change in aqueous chemistry. A spectral feature attributed to an Fe2+ phase is present in many locations in the Mawrth Vallis region at the transition from Fe/Mg-smectite to aluminum/silicon (Al/Si)-rich units. Fe2+-bearing materials in terrestrial sediments are typically associated with microorganisms or changes in pH or cations and could be explained here by hydrothermal activity. The stratigraphy of Fe/Mg-smectite overlain by a ferrous phase, hydrated silica, and then Al-phyllosilicates implies a complex aqueous history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - IRON
KW  - MAGNESIUM
KW  - SMECTITE
KW  - KAOLINITE
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL deposits
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 34049576; Bishop, Janice L. 1; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org Eldar Z. Noe6Dobrea 2 McKeown, Nancy K. 3 Parente, Mario 4 Ehlmann, Bethany L. 5 Michalski, Joseph R. 6 Milliken, Ralph E. 2 Poulet, Francois 6 Swayze, Gregg A. 7 Mustard, John F. 5 Murchie, Scott L. 8 Bibring, Jean-Pierre 6; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  6: lnstitut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Orsay, 91405, France  7: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA  8: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: 8/8/2008, Vol. 321 Issue 5890, p830; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: MAGNESIUM; Subject Term: SMECTITE; Subject Term: KAOLINITE; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL deposits; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1159699
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Funk, Chris
AU  - Dettinger, Michael D.
AU  - Michaelsen, Joel C.
AU  - Verdin, James P.
AU  - Brown, Molly E.
AU  - Barlow, Mathew
AU  - Hoell, Andrew
T1  - Warming of the Indian Ocean threatens eastern and southern African food security but could be mitigated by agricultural development.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2008/08/12/
VL  - 105
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 11081
EP  - 11086
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Since 1980, the number of undernourished people in eastern and southern Africa has more than doubled. Rural development stalled and rural poverty expanded during the 1990s. Population growth remains very high, and declining per-capita agricultural capacity retards progress toward Millennium Development goals. Analyses of in situ station data and satellite observations of precipitation have identified another problematic trend: main growing-season rainfall receipts have diminished by ≈15% in food-insecure countries clustered along the western rim of the Indian Ocean. Occurring during the main growing seasons in poor countries dependent on rain-fed agriculture, these declines are societally dangerous. Will they persist or intensify? Tracing moisture deficits upstream to an anthropogenically warming Indian Ocean leads us to conclude that further rainfall declines are likely. We present analyses suggesting that warming in the central Indian Ocean disrupts onshore moisture transports, reducing continental rainfall. Thus, late 20th-century anthropogenic Indian Ocean warming has probably already produced societally dangerous climate change by creating drought and social disruption in some of the world's most fragile food economies. We quantify the potential impacts of the observed precipitation and agricultural capacity trends by modeling "millions of undernourished people" as a function of rainfall, population, cultivated area, seed, and fertilizer use. Persistence of current tendencies may result in a 50% increase in undernourished people by 2030. On the other hand, modest increases in per-capita agricultural productivity could more than offset the observed precipitation declines. Investing in agricultural development can help mitigate climate change while decreasing rural poverty and vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - FOOD supply
KW  - AGRICULTURAL development
KW  - INDIAN Ocean
KW  - AFRICA
KW  - climate change
KW  - drought
KW  - famine
KW  - precipitation
N1  - Accession Number: 34222146; Funk, Chris 1; Email Address: chris@geog.ucsb.edu Dettinger, Michael D. 2 Michaelsen, Joel C. 1 Verdin, James P. 3 Brown, Molly E. 4 Barlow, Mathew 5 Hoell, Andrew 5; Affiliation:  1: United States Geological Survey, Geography Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-1120  2: United States Geological Survey, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA 92093-0224  3: United States Geological Survey, Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science, SD 57 198-0001  4: Science Systems and Applications, Code 614.4, National Aeronautics and Space Administration—Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771  5: Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854; Source Info: 8/12/2008, Vol. 105 Issue 32, p11081; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: FOOD supply; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL development; Subject Term: INDIAN Ocean; Subject Term: AFRICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: famine; Author-Supplied Keyword: precipitation; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0708196105
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Booth-Morrison, Christopher
AU  - Weninger, Jessica
AU  - Sudbrack, Chantal K.
AU  - Mao, Zugang
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Effects of solute concentrations on kinetic pathways in Ni–Al–Cr alloys
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2008/08/15/
VL  - 56
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 3422
EP  - 3438
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The kinetic pathways resulting from the formation of coherent γ′-precipitates from the γ-matrix are studied for two Ni–Al–Cr alloys with similar γ′-precipitate volume fractions at 873K. The details of the phase decompositions of Ni–7.5Al–8.5Cr at.% and Ni–5.2Al–14.2Cr at.% for aging times from 1/6 to 1024h are investigated by atom-probe tomography, and are found to differ significantly from a mean-field description of coarsening. The morphologies of the γ′-precipitates of the alloys are similar, though the degrees of γ′-precipitate coagulation and coalescence differ. Quantification within the framework of classical nucleation theory reveals that differences in the chemical driving forces for phase decomposition result in differences in the nucleation behavior of the two alloys. The temporal evolution of the γ′-precipitate average radii and the γ-matrix supersaturations follow the predictions of classical coarsening models. The compositional trajectories of the γ-matrix phases of the alloys are found to follow approximately the equilibrium tie-lines, while the trajectories of the γ′-precipitates do not, resulting in significant differences in the partitioning ratios of the solute elements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Atom-probe tomography
KW  - Nanostructures
KW  - Nickel-based superalloys
KW  - Temporal evolution
N1  - Accession Number: 33534558; Booth-Morrison, Christopher 1 Weninger, Jessica 1 Sudbrack, Chantal K. 1 Mao, Zugang 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Seidman, David N. 1,3; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 56 Issue 14, p3422; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom-probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel-based superalloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temporal evolution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.03.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhong, Y.
AU  - Hu, W.
AU  - Eldridge, J.I.
AU  - Chen, H.
AU  - Song, J.
AU  - Gottstein, G.
T1  - Fiber push-out tests on Al2O3 fiber-reinforced NiAl-composites with and without hBN-interlayer at room and elevated temperatures
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2008/08/15/
VL  - 488
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 372
EP  - 380
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Fiber push-out tests were performed on continuous Al2O3 fiber-reinforced NiAl-composites with and without hBN-interlayer at room temperature (RT) and elevated temperature (900°C). The average interfacial shear stress was 248±42MPa and 72±28MPa for NiAl/Al2O3 and NiAl/BN/Al2O3 composites at room temperature, respectively. At 900°C, the push-out tests were aborted for NiAl/Al2O3 composites because of fiber fracture and cracking owing to mechanical twinning on rhombohedral planes in single crystalline Al2O3 fibers, whereas the average interfacial shear stress was 13±7MPa for NiAl/BN/Al2O3 composites. The debonding position along the interface as well as the initiation of debonding on the top surface of NiAl/Al2O3 and NiAl/BN/Al2O3 composites were determined and discussed. Frictional coefficients of 0.29 and 0.11 for fiber sliding after interface debonding were obtained for NiAl/Al2O3 and NiAl/BN/Al2O3 composites at room temperature, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - NICKEL-aluminum alloys
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - Al2O3 fiber
KW  - Composites
KW  - Interfacial shear strength
KW  - Push-out test
N1  - Accession Number: 32172664; Zhong, Y. 1; Email Address: Yunlong.zhong@imf.fzk.de Hu, W. 1 Eldridge, J.I. 2 Chen, H. 1 Song, J. 1 Gottstein, G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physical Metallurgy and Metal Physics, RWTH Aachen University Kopernikusstrasse 14, D-52056 Aachen, Germany  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 488 Issue 1/2, p372; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: NICKEL-aluminum alloys; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Al2O3 fiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial shear strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Push-out test; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Craig E.
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Xia, Z.H.
T1  - Monitoring damage accumulation in ceramic matrix composites using electrical resistivity
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2008/08/15/
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 463
EP  - 466
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The electric resistance of woven SiC fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites were measured under tensile loading conditions. The results show that the electrical resistance is closely related to damage and that real-time information about the damage state can be obtained through monitoring of the resistance. Such self-sensing capability provides the possibility of on-board/in situ damage detection and accurate life prediction for high-temperature ceramic matrix composites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - Ceramic matrix composites (CMC)
KW  - Electrical properties
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Non-destructive testing
N1  - Accession Number: 32663183; Smith, Craig E. 1 Morscher, Gregory N. 2 Xia, Z.H. 1; Email Address: zxia@uakron.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Ceramics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44224, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p463; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic matrix composites (CMC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-destructive testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.04.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Przekop, Adam
T1  - System identification-guided basis selection for reduced-order nonlinear response analysis
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2008/08/19/
VL  - 315
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 485
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Reduced-order nonlinear simulation is often times the only computationally efficient means of calculating the extended time response of large and complex structures under severe dynamic loading. This is because the structure may respond in a geometrically nonlinear manner, making the computational expense of direct numerical integration in physical degrees of freedom prohibitive. As for any type of modal reduction scheme, the quality of the reduced-order solution is dictated by the modal basis selection. The techniques for modal basis selection currently employed for nonlinear simulation are ad hoc and are strongly influenced by the analyst''s subjective judgment. This work develops a reliable and rigorous procedure through which an efficient modal basis can be chosen. The method employs proper orthogonal decomposition to identify nonlinear system dynamics, and the modal assurance criterion to relate proper orthogonal modes to the normal modes that are eventually used as the basis functions. The method is successfully applied to the analysis of a planar beam and a shallow arch over a wide range of nonlinear dynamic response regimes. The error associated with the reduced-order simulation is quantified and related to the computational cost. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - NUMERICAL integration
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 32560511; Rizzi, Stephen A. 1; Email Address: stephen.a.rizzi@nasa.gov Przekop, Adam 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Aug2008, Vol. 315 Issue 3, p467; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL integration; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.12.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scholes, R. J.
AU  - Mace, G. M.
AU  - Turner, W.
AU  - GeIIer, G. N.
AU  - Jürgens, N.
AU  - Larigauderie, A.
AU  - Muchoney, D.
AU  - Walther, B. A.
AU  - Mooney, H. A.
T1  - Toward a Global Biodiversity Observing System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/08/22/
VL  - 321
IS  - 5892
M3  - Article
SP  - 1044
EP  - 1045
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses the development of an integrated biodiversity observation system to improve understanding about biodiversity in the U.S. The author stated that tracking biodiversity change is increasingly important in sustaining ecosystems and ultimately human well-being. In addition, the proposed Group on Earth Observations Biodiversity Observation Network (GEO BON) launched in 2002 is in response to the need for adequate information to support environmental decision making. Moreover, the initiative emphasized that importance of reliable biodiversity information for other international conventions.
KW  - BIOLOGICAL monitoring
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - POPULATION biology
KW  - HUMAN ecology
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL management
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 34260276; Scholes, R. J. 1; Email Address: bscholes@csir.co.za Mace, G. M. 2 Turner, W. 3 GeIIer, G. N. 4 Jürgens, N. 5 Larigauderie, A. 6 Muchoney, D. 7 Walther, B. A. 6 Mooney, H. A. 8; Affiliation:  1: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Natural Resources and Environment, Post Office Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa  2: Centre for Population Biology, National Environment Research Council, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK  3: Earth Science Division, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, 300 E Street S.W., Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA  4: NASA Ecological Forecasting Program, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS171-264, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA  5: University of Hamburg, BioCentre Klein Flottbek and Botanical Garden, Ohnhorststrasse 18, 22609 Hamburg, Germany  6: DIVERSITAS, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Maison Buffon, 57, rue Cuvier-Case Postale 41, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France  7: Group on Earth Observations (GEO), 7 bis, avenue de Ia Paix, Case Postale 2300, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland  8: Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: 8/22/2008, Vol. 321 Issue 5892, p1044; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL monitoring; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: POPULATION biology; Subject Term: HUMAN ecology; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL management; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Dunyou
AU  - Huo, Winifred M.
T1  - An eight-degree-of-freedom quantum dynamics study of the isotopic effect on the reaction: HD+C2H.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2008/08/28/
VL  - 129
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 084303
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - An eight-dimensional time-dependent quantum dynamics calculation is reported to study the isotopic reaction, HD+C2H, on a new modified potential energy surface. Initial-state-selected reaction probability, integral cross section, and rate constants are presented in this isotopic reaction study. Initial-state-selected reaction probability is obtained by summing over all the possible product’s arrangements in this isotopic reaction study. This study shows that vibrational excitations of HD enhance the reactivity, whereas stretching excitations of C2H only have a small effect on the reactivity. Furthermore, the bending excitations of C2H, compared to the ground-state reaction probability, hinder the reactivity. The present results are consistent with those obtained for the H2+C2H reaction. The comparison of these two reactions also shows the isotopic effect in the initial-state-selected reaction probability, integral cross section, and rate constants. The rate constant comparison shows that the HD+C2H reaction has a smaller reactivity than the H2+C2H reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - REACTIVITY (Chemistry)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
N1  - Accession Number: 34169329; Wang, Dunyou 1; Email Address: dunyou.wang@pnl.gov Huo, Winifred M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS-IN: K8-91, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/28/2008, Vol. 129 Issue 8, p084303; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: REACTIVITY (Chemistry); Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.2971184
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harari, Danielle
AU  - Iuffe, Steve
AU  - Kharicha, Kalpa
AU  - Egger, Matthias
AU  - Gillmann, Gerhard
AU  - von Renteln-Kruse, W.
AU  - Beck, John
AU  - Swift, Cameron
AU  - Stuck, Andreas
T1  - Promotion of health in older people: a randomised controlled trial of health risk appraisal in British general practice.
JO  - Age & Ageing
JF  - Age & Ageing
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 271
SN  - 00020729
AB  - Background: there is inadequate evidence to support currently formulated NHS strategies to achieve health promotion and preventative care in older people through broad-based screening and assessment in primary care. The most extensively evaluated delivery instrument for this purpose is Health Risk Appraisal (HRA). This article describes a trial using HRA to evaluate the effect on health behaviour and preventative-care uptake in older people in NHS primary care. Methods: a randomised controlled trial was undertaken in three London primary care group practices. Functionally independent community-dwelling patients older than 65 years (n = 2,503) received a self-administered Health Risk Appraisal for Older Persons (HRA-O) questionnaire leading to computer-generated individualised written feedback to participants and general practitioners (GPs), integrated into practice information-technology (IT) systems. All primary care staff received training in preventative health in older people. The main outcome measures were self-reported health behaviour and preventative care uptake at 1-year follow-up. Results: of 2,503 individuals randomised, 2,006 respondents (80.1%) (intervention, n = 940, control n = 1,066) were available for analysis. Intervention group respondents reported slightly higher pneumococcal vaccination uptake and equivocal improvement in physical activity levels compared with controls. No significant differences were observed for any other categories of health behaviour or preventative care measures at 1-year follow-up. Conclusions: HRA-O implemented in this way resulted in minimal improvement of health behaviour or uptake of preventative care measures in older people. Supplementary reinforcement involving contact by health professionals with patients over and above routine clinical encounters may be a prerequisite to the effectiveness of IT-based delivery systems for health promotion in older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Age & Ageing is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEALTH promotion
KW  - OLDER people
KW  - RANDOMIZED controlled trials
KW  - PRIMARY care (Medicine)
KW  - GREAT Britain
KW  - elderly
KW  - health promotion
KW  - health risk appraisal
KW  - older
KW  - primar/ care
N1  - Accession Number: 34617604; Harari, Danielle 1; Email Address: danielle.harari@kcl.ac.uk Iuffe, Steve 2 Kharicha, Kalpa 2 Egger, Matthias 3 Gillmann, Gerhard 3 von Renteln-Kruse, W. 4 Beck, John 5 Swift, Cameron 6 Stuck, Andreas 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Ageing and Health, Guys and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE! 7EH, UK  2: Department of Primary-Care and Population Sciences, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK  3: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, CH-30 12 Bern, Switzerland  4: Albertinen-Haus Geriatrics Centre, Sellhopsweg I 8-22, D-22459 Hamburg, Germany  5: Langley Research Center, Los Angeles, CA 90272, USA  6: Department of Health Care of the Elderly, Kings College London, Clinical Age Research Unit, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9PJ, UK  7: Department of Geriatrics, University of Bern, Insel und Ziegler Hospital, Bern, CH-300 I Bern, Switzerland; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p265; Subject Term: HEALTH promotion; Subject Term: OLDER people; Subject Term: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject Term: PRIMARY care (Medicine); Subject Term: GREAT Britain; Author-Supplied Keyword: elderly; Author-Supplied Keyword: health promotion; Author-Supplied Keyword: health risk appraisal; Author-Supplied Keyword: older; Author-Supplied Keyword: primar/ care; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/ageing/afn150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meng-Sing Liou
AU  - Chih-Hao Chang
AU  - Nguyen, Loc
AU  - Theofanous, Theo G.
T1  - How to Solve Compressible Multifluid Equations: A Simple, Robust, and Accurate Method.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Solving multifluid equations of compressible multiphase flows has proven extremely demanding because of some peculiar mathematical properties such as nonhyperbolicity, nonconservative form, and stiffness due to disparity in fluid properties and flow scales. This paper gives several new contributions toward addressing difficulties arising from these properties. We first consider the mathematical issues concerning nonhyperbolicity and nonconservative form and establish their effects on the stability and convergence of numerical solutions. Then we present a new numerical method that is simple to implement without the need of employing the eigenstructure of the equations, which would be difficult to find for a general class of fluids. We show that our method properly removes numerical difficulties associated with the multifluid equations and it is capable of robustly and accurately calculating phenomena involving material and shock discontinuities and interactions between them for a range of typical multiphase problems of one and two space dimensions. Finally, the paper is completed with new information for ensuring hyperbolicity by an interfacial-pressure representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 34158524; Meng-Sing Liou 1; Email Address: Meng-Sing.Liou@grc.nasa.gov Chih-Hao Chang 2; Email Address: chchang@engr.ucsb.edu Nguyen, Loc 2; Email Address: loc@engr.ucsb.edu Theofanous, Theo G. 2; Email Address: theo@engr.ucsb.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  2: University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106.; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, Paul M.
AU  - Nemeth, Michael P.
T1  - Improved Design Formulas for Buckling of Orthotropic Plates Under Combined Loading.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article focuses on design formulas to predict the buckling of orthotropic plates under the effect of combined loading. It states that small weight savings for aircraft skin materials can result in a significant savings in fuel consumption over the lifetime of an aircraft. It mentions that data for buckling interaction and simple design formula don't exist for most laminated-composite plates that are subjected to combined loads. It presents formulas for refined buckling interaction utilizing accurate Rayleigh-Ritz analysis as well as bounds on stiffness properties of composite materials for long orthotropic rectangular plates that are subjected to combined loads.
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - RAYLEIGH-Ritz method
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Analysis
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - FUEL
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 34158536; Weaver, Paul M. 1 Nemeth, Michael P. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Bristol, Bristol, England BS8 1TR, United Kingdom.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: RAYLEIGH-Ritz method; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Analysis; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: FUEL; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tielens, A. G. G. M.
T1  - Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Molecules.
JO  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
JF  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 289
EP  - 337
SN  - 00664146
AB  - Large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules carry the infrared (IR) emission features that dominate the spectra of most galactic and extragalactic sources. This review surveys the observed mid-IR characteristics of these emission features and summarizes laboratory and theoretical studies of the spectral characteristics of PAHs and the derived intrinsic properties of emitting interstellar PAHs. Dedicated experimental studies have provided critical input for detailed astronomical models that probe the origin and evolution of interstellar PAHs and their role in the universe. The physics and chemistry of PAHs are discussed, emphasizing the contribution of these species to the photoelectric heating and the ionization balance of the interstellar gas and to the formation of small hydrocarbon radicals and carbon chains. Together, these studies demonstrate that PAHs are abundant, ubiquitous, and a dominant force in the interstellar medium of galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - infrared emission features
KW  - infrared spectroscopy
KW  - interstellar chemistry
KW  - interstellar medium
KW  - interstellar molecules
N1  - Accession Number: 34892041; Tielens, A. G. G. M. 1; Email Address: tielens@astro.rug.nl; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p289; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared emission features; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar molecules; Number of Pages: 49p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev.astro.46.060407.145211
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fried, A.
AU  - Diskin, G.
AU  - Weibring, P.
AU  - Richter, D.
AU  - Walega, J.G.
AU  - Sachse, G.
AU  - Slate, T.
AU  - Rana, M.
AU  - Podolske, J.
T1  - Tunable infrared laser instruments for airborne atmospheric studies.
JO  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
JF  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 92
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 409
EP  - 417
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09462171
AB  - Tunable infrared laser-based instruments on airborne platforms have provided invaluable contributions to atmospheric studies over the past several decades. This paper presents an overview of some recent studies and developments using this approach that were presented at the 2007 Field Laser Applications in Industry and Research (FLAIR, http://www.inoa.it/flair/) conference in Florence, Italy. The present overview only covers select in situ absorption-based instruments that were presented in the airborne session at this conference. In no case are comprehensive details presented. These details can be found in the numerous references given. Additional approaches based upon cavity-enhanced and photoacoustic measurements, which are also making invaluable contributions in airborne atmospheric studies, are not discussed in this brief overview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASERS -- Industrial applications
KW  - LASER materials
KW  - INFRARED equipment
KW  - FLORENCE (Italy)
KW  - ITALY
N1  - Accession Number: 33991449; Fried, A. 1; Email Address: fried@ucar.edu Diskin, G. 2 Weibring, P. 1 Richter, D. 1 Walega, J.G. 1 Sachse, G. 3 Slate, T. 4 Rana, M. 4 Podolske, J. 5; Affiliation:  1: The Earth Observing Laboratory at the National Center for Atmospheric Research , Boulder 80301 USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center , Hampton USA  3: Atmospheric Sensing Technologies (through the National Institute of Aerospace) , Hampton USA  4: ATK Aerospace , Hampton USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 92 Issue 3, p409; Subject Term: LASERS -- Industrial applications; Subject Term: LASER materials; Subject Term: INFRARED equipment; Subject Term: FLORENCE (Italy); Subject Term: ITALY; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00340-008-3136-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kleinhenz, Julie
AU  - Feier, Ioan I.
AU  - Hsu, Sheng-Yen
AU  - T'ien, James S.
AU  - Ferkul, Paul V.
AU  - Sacksteder, Kurt R.
T1  - Pressure modeling of upward flame spread and burning rates over solids in partial gravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 154
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 637
EP  - 643
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Pressure–gravity modeling is proposed as a means to simulate upward flame spread and burning rates over vertical solid samples in partial gravity environments, such as on the Moon and on Mars. Based on experimental results in reduced gravity, the upward flame spread rate data over thin solids can be correlated by the expression (where p is the ambient pressure and g is the gravity level). This is close to the theoretical factor in preserving the Grashof number and is also supported by detailed numerical simulations. Since the flame size, shape and standoff distance are preserved in this simulation, it is expected that combustion properties controlled chiefly by convective heat transfer are properly accounted for by the present technique. This includes upward flame spread rates, growth rates, and burning rates over thin and thick solids in both laminar and turbulent flames. In flames where the heat transfer is dominated by soot emission, more studies are needed to verify the validity of this correlation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - SOLIDS
KW  - DX centers (Solid state physics)
KW  - LONG range order (Solid state physics)
KW  - Partial gravity
KW  - Pressure modeling
KW  - Solid burning
KW  - Upward flame spread
N1  - Accession Number: 33998161; Kleinhenz, Julie 1 Feier, Ioan I. 1 Hsu, Sheng-Yen 1 T'ien, James S. 1; Email Address: jst2@case.edu Ferkul, Paul V. 2 Sacksteder, Kurt R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 154 Issue 4, p637; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Subject Term: DX centers (Solid state physics); Subject Term: LONG range order (Solid state physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Partial gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upward flame spread; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.05.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sidebotham, George W.
AU  - Olson, Sandra L.
T1  - Microgravity opposed-flow flame spread in polyvinyl chloride tubes
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 154
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 789
EP  - 801
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: The effects of gravity on opposed-flow flame spread in a confined geometry were investigated experimentally in the 2.2-s drop tower at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Pure oxygen flowed through samples of 0.64-cm-inner-diameter polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing held either horizontally or vertically in a combustion chamber filled with nitrogen. The sample was ignited in normal gravity with a hot wire, and once a flame was established, the apparatus was dropped to observe microgravity effects. Flame spread rate was measured in normal and microgravity at pressures of 1.0 and 0.5 atm. A low-flow ignition limit was observed at an opposed-flow velocity of 1.36 cm/s, at which point the horizontal, vertical, and microgravity flame spread rates were 0.40, 0.30, and 0.16 cm/s, respectively. For flow velocities above approximately 5.2 cm/s, there was no difference in the flame spread rates for normal and microgravity and the flame spread rate increased with a nearly square root dependence with respect to opposed-flow velocity. Buoyant flow velocities of 2.5 and 1.5 cm/s were estimated for horizontal and vertical flames, respectively. Vertical tests conducted at 0.5 atm pressure demonstrated no difference in flame spread rate between normal and microgravity. These results suggest that the fire risk associated with the use of PVC tubes during general anesthesia in either space or ground applications may be reduced if the application of a high-energy surgical tool is prevented during an active phase of the breathing cycle (inhale or exhale). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYVINYL chloride
KW  - VINYL chloride polymers
KW  - HALOALKANES
KW  - POLYMER clay
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - Buoyancy
KW  - Flame spread
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Polyvinyl chloride
KW  - Tubing
N1  - Accession Number: 33998232; Sidebotham, George W. 1; Email Address: sidebo@cooper.edu Olson, Sandra L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering Department, The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, 51 Astor Place, New York, NY 10003, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 154 Issue 4, p789; Subject Term: POLYVINYL chloride; Subject Term: VINYL chloride polymers; Subject Term: HALOALKANES; Subject Term: POLYMER clay; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buoyancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame spread; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyvinyl chloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tubing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.05.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Makeev, Maxim A.
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
T1  - Molecular dynamics simulations of hypersonic velocity impact protection properties of CNT/a-SiC composites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 68
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2451
EP  - 2455
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: The hypersonic velocity impact protection properties of carbon-nanotube-reinforced amorphous silicon carbide composites are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. The projectile-impact-induced damage to target materials is analyzed for composite targets having perpendicular and parallel alignments of carbon nanotubes with respect to impact direction, and compared to that of pristine amorphous silicon carbide target. It was found that, in the considered range of impact velocities, the penetration depth is approximately the same for both CNT-reinforced composites and pristine a-SiC target. At short time-scales, damage to a target is defined by penetration depth of projectile and density rearrangements taking place in the target material. In the composite with carbon nanotubes aligned parallel to the impact direction, a channeling of damage to deeper regions of the target occurs. In the case of perpendicular alignment, the damage is confined to a narrow region underneath the penetrating projectile. For both considered composite samples, we found that a significant damping of the amplitudes of compressive shock-waves takes place, thus reducing the special extent of damage in composites as compared to that in the pristine a-SiC target. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - MOLECULAR beams
KW  - MOLECULAR rotation
KW  - B. Impact behavior
KW  - C. Damage tolerance
KW  - Nano-reinforced composites
N1  - Accession Number: 34443012; Makeev, Maxim A.; Email Address: mmakeev@mail.arc.nasa.gov Srivastava, Deepak 1; Email Address: dsrivastava@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 68 Issue 12, p2451; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: MOLECULAR beams; Subject Term: MOLECULAR rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Impact behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Damage tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano-reinforced composites; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.04.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luchinsky, D. G.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V. N.
AU  - Millonas, M.
AU  - McClintock, P. V. E.
T1  - Dynamical inference of hidden biological populations.
JO  - European Physical Journal B -- Condensed Matter
JF  - European Physical Journal B -- Condensed Matter
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 65
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 377
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 14346028
AB  - Population fluctuations in a predator-prey system are analyzed for the case where the number of prey could be determined, subject to measurement noise, but the number of predators was unknown. The problem of how to infer the unmeasured predator dynamics, as well as the model parameters, is addressed. Two solutions are suggested. In the first of these, measurement noise and the dynamical noise in the equation for predator population are neglected; the problem is reduced to a one-dimensional case, and a Bayesian dynamical inference algorithm is employed to reconstruct the model parameters. In the second solution a full-scale Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation is used to infer both the unknown predator trajectory, and also the model parameters, using the one-dimensional solution as an initial guess. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Physical Journal B -- Condensed Matter is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POPULATION dynamics
KW  - PREDATION (Biology)
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - 02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics
KW  - 02.50.Ng Distribution theory and Monte Carlo studies
KW  - 02.50.Tt Inference methods
KW  - 87.23.Cc Population dynamics and ecological pattern formation
N1  - Accession Number: 34771537; Luchinsky, D. G. 1,2,3; Email Address: d.luchinsky@lancaster.ac.uk Smelyanskiy, V. N. 1 Millonas, M. 3 McClintock, P. V. E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK  3: Mission Critical Technologies Inc., 2041 Rosecrans Ave. Suite 225 El Segundo, CA 90245, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 65 Issue 3, p369; Subject Term: POPULATION dynamics; Subject Term: PREDATION (Biology); Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: 02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: 02.50.Ng Distribution theory and Monte Carlo studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: 02.50.Tt Inference methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: 87.23.Cc Population dynamics and ecological pattern formation; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1140/epjb/e2008-00340-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mengshoel, Ole J.
AU  - Goldberg, David E.
T1  - The Crowding Approach to Niching in Genetic Algorithms.
JO  - Evolutionary Computation
JF  - Evolutionary Computation
Y1  - 2008///Fall2008
VL  - 16
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 354
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10636560
AB  - A wide range of niching techniques have been investigated in evolutionary and genetic algorithms. In this article,we focus on niching using crowding techniques in the context of what we call local tournament algorithms. In addition to deterministic and probabilistic crowding, the family of local tournament algorithms includes the Metropolis algorithm, simulated annealing, restricted tournament selection, and parallel recombinative simulated annealing. We describe an algorithmic and analytical framework which is applicable to a wide range of crowding algorithms. As an example of utilizing this framework, we present and analyze the probabilistic crowding niching algorithm. Like the closely related deterministic crowding approach, probabilistic crowding is fast, simple, and requires no parameters beyond those of classical genetic algorithms. In probabilistic crowding, subpopulations are maintained reliably, and we show that it is possible to analyze and predict how this maintenance takes place. We also provide novel results for deterministic crowding, show how different crowding replacement rules can be combined in portfolios, and discuss population sizing. Our analysis is backed up by experiments that further increase the understanding of probabilistic crowding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Evolutionary Computation is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - CROWDS
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY computation
KW  - SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - crowding
KW  - deterministic crowding
KW  - Genetic algorithms
KW  - local tournaments
KW  - niching
KW  - population sizing
KW  - portfolios
KW  - probabilistic crowding
N1  - Accession Number: 34602436; Mengshoel, Ole J. 1; Email Address: omengshoel@riacs.edu Goldberg, David E. 2; Email Address: deg@uiuc.edu; Affiliation:  1: RIACS, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Illinois Genetic Algorithms Laboratory, Department of General Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Source Info: Fall2008, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p315; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: CROWDS; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY computation; Subject Term: SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics); Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: crowding; Author-Supplied Keyword: deterministic crowding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetic algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: local tournaments; Author-Supplied Keyword: niching; Author-Supplied Keyword: population sizing; Author-Supplied Keyword: portfolios; Author-Supplied Keyword: probabilistic crowding; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orphan, V. J.
AU  - Jahnke, L. L.
AU  - Embayer, T.
AU  - Turk, K. A.
AU  - Pernthaler, A.
AU  - Summons, E.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
T1  - Characterization and spatial distribution of methanogens and methanogenic biosignatures in hypersaline microbial mats of Baja California.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 393
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Well-developed hypersaline cyanobacterial mats from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, sustain active methanogenesis in the presence of high rates of sulfate reduction. Very little is known about the diversity and distribution of the microorganisms responsible for methane production in these unique ecosystems. Applying a combination of 16S rRNA and metabolic gene surveys, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and lipid biomarker analysis, we characterized the diversity and spatial relationships of methanogens and other archaea in the mat incubation experiments stimulated with methanogenic substrates. The phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic diversity established within mat microcosms was compared with the archaeal diversity and lipid biomarker profiles associated with different depth horizons in the in situ mat. Both archaeal 16S rRNA and methyl coenzyme M reductase gene (mcrA) analysis revealed an enrichment of diverse methanogens belonging to the Methanosarcinales in response to trimethylamine addition. Corresponding with DNA-based detection methods, an increase in lipid biomarkers commonly synthesized by methanogenic archaea was observed, including archaeol and sn-2-hydroxyarchaeol polar lipids, and the free, irregular acyclic isoprenoids, 2,6,10,15,19-pentamethylicosene (PMI) and 2,6,11,15-tetramethylhexadecane (crocetane). Hydrogen enrichment of a novel putative archaeal polar C30 isoprenoid, a dehydrosqualane, was also documented. Both DNA and lipid biomarker evidence indicate a shift in the dominant methanogenic genera corresponding with depth in the mat. Specifically, incubations of surface layers near the photic zone predominantly supported Methanolobus spp. and PMI, while Methanococcoides and hydroxyarchaeol were preferentially recovered from microcosms of unconsolidated sediments underlying the mat. Together, this work supports the existence of small but robust methylotrophic methanogen assemblages that are vertically stratified within the benthic hypersaline mat and can be distinguished by both their DNA signatures and unique isoprenoid biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - LIPIDS
KW  - BIOMOLECULES
KW  - BAJA California Sur (Mexico)
KW  - MEXICO
N1  - Accession Number: 33533391; Orphan, V. J. 1; Email Address: vorphan@gps.caltech.edu Jahnke, L. L. 2 Embayer, T. 2 Turk, K. A. 3 Pernthaler, A. 1 Summons, E. 4 Des Marais, D. J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Exobiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Department of Environmental, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA 02319, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p376; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Subject Term: BIOMOLECULES; Subject Term: BAJA California Sur (Mexico); Subject Term: MEXICO; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2008.00166.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jahnke, L. L.
AU  - Orphan, V. J.
AU  - Embaye, T.
AU  - Turk, K. A.
AU  - Kubo, M. D.
AU  - Summons, R. E.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
T1  - Lipid biomarker and phylogenetic analyses to reveal archaeal biodiversity and distribution in hypersaline microbial mat and underlying sediment.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 394
EP  - 410
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - This study has utilized the tools of lipid biomarker chemistry and molecular phylogenetic analyses to assess the archaeal contribution to diversity and abundance within a microbial mat and underlying sediment from a hypersaline lagoon in Baja California. Based on abundance of ether-linked isoprenoids, archaea made up from 1 to 4% of the cell numbers throughout the upper 100 mm of mat and sediment core. Below this depth archaeal lipid was two times more abundant than bacterial. Archaeol was the primary archaeal lipid in all layers. Relatively small amounts of caldarchaeol (dibiphytanyl glyceroltetraether) were present at most depths with phytanyl to biphytanyl molar ratios lowest (~10 : 1) in the 4–17 mm and 100–130 mm horizons, and highest (132 : 1) in the surface 0–2 mm. Lipids with cyclic biphytanyl cores were only detected below 100 mm. A novel polar lipid containing a C30 isoprenoid (squalane) moiety was isolated from the upper anoxic portion of the core and partially characterized. Hydrocarbon biomarker lipids included pentamethylicosane (2–10 mm) and crocetane (primarily below 10 mm). Archaeal molecular diversity varied somewhat with depth. With the exception of samples at 0–2 mm and 35–65 mm, Thermoplasmatales of marine benthic group D dominated clone libraries. A significant number of phylotypes representing the Crenarchaeota from marine benthic group B were generally present below 17 mm and dominated the 35–65 mm sample. Halobacteriaceae family made up 80% of the clone library of the surface 2 mm, and consisted primarily of sequences affiliated with the haloalkaliphilic Natronomonas pharaonis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIPIDS
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - ISOPENTENOIDS
KW  - BENTHIC animals
N1  - Accession Number: 33533392; Jahnke, L. L. 1,2; Email Address: linda.l.jahnke@nasa.gov Orphan, V. J. 3,4 Embaye, T. 5 Turk, K. A. 5 Kubo, M. D. 5 Summons, R. E. 2,6 Des Marais, D. J. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, and  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center  4: Division of Geology and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p394; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: ISOPENTENOIDS; Subject Term: BENTHIC animals; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2008.00165.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manning, Curtis V.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - The nitrogen cycle on Mars: Impact decomposition of near-surface nitrates as a source for a nitrogen steady state
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 197
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 60
EP  - 64
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Nitrogen isotopes appear to be escaping from Mars at approximately the primordial ratio 14N/15N ≈ 275 and to have an atmospheric nitrogen depletion time scale of about 800 Myr. For the standard model of a progressive decline of an initial inventory of atmospheric nitrogen, having no source of N, the agreement of the isotopic ratio of escaping N with primitive nitrogen would be coincidental. Here we propose a steady state model in which nitrates, produced early in Mars'' history, are later decomposed by the current impact flux. The detection of near-surface nitrates can discriminate between the standard and the steady state models. Based on current estimates of N loss to space, we predict a quantity of nitrates equivalent to 60 ± 30 mbars for a steady state, or a global layer of about 3 m of pure NaNO3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - NITROGEN isotopes
KW  - NITROGEN cycle
KW  - CHEMICAL weathering
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen compounds
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - evolution ( Atmospheres )
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - surface ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 34002099; Manning, Curtis V.; Email Address: cmanning@arc.nasa.gov McKay, Christopher P. 1 Zahnle, Kevin J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 197 Issue 1, p60; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: NITROGEN isotopes; Subject Term: NITROGEN cycle; Subject Term: CHEMICAL weathering; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen compounds; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution ( Atmospheres ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Mars ); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.04.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mastrapa, R.M.
AU  - Bernstein, M.P.
AU  - Sandford, S.A.
AU  - Roush, T.L.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Ore, C.M. Dalle
T1  - Optical constants of amorphous and crystalline H2O-ice in the near infrared from 1.1 to 2.6 μm
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 197
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 307
EP  - 320
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Using new laboratory spectra, we have calculated the real and imaginary parts of the index of refraction of amorphous and crystalline H2O-ice from 20 to 150 K in the frequency range 9000–3800 cm−1 (1.1–2.6 μm) at a spectral resolution of 1 cm−1. These optical constants can be used to create model spectra for comparison to spectra from Solar System objects. We also analyzed the differences between the amorphous and crystalline H2O-ice spectra, including weakening of bands and shifting of bands to shorter wavelength in amorphous H2O-ice spectra. We have also observed two spectrally distinct phases of amorphous H2O-ice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR spectra
KW  - OPTICAL constants
KW  - ICE
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - PHYSICAL constants
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Ices
KW  - IR spectroscopy ( Ices )
N1  - Accession Number: 34002120; Mastrapa, R.M. 1,2; Email Address: rachel.m.mastrapa@nasa.gov Bernstein, M.P. 2 Sandford, S.A. 2 Roush, T.L. 2 Cruikshank, D.P. 2 Ore, C.M. Dalle 1,2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 197 Issue 1, p307; Subject Term: SOLAR spectra; Subject Term: OPTICAL constants; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL constants; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy ( Ices ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.04.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yong Xie
AU  - Xiaoxiong Xiong
AU  - Qu, John J.
AU  - Nianzeng Che
AU  - Lingli Wang
T1  - MODIS On-Orbit Spatial Characterization Using Ground Targets.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2666
EP  - 2674
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor is currently being operated on both Terra and Aqua spacecrafts. MODIS uses 36 bands arranged in four focal plane assemblies (FPAs)-visible, near infrared, short- and middle-wavelength infrared, and long-wavelength infrared. Misregistrations between spectral bands and FPAs and changes of spatial characterization on-orbit could impact the quality of science data products generated with multiple bands located on different FPAs. In this paper, an approach is presented to compute the MODIS band-to-band registration (BBR) using ground measurements. A special ground scene with unique features is selected to calculate the spatial registration along-scan and along-track. The monthly and yearly spatial deviations are calculated for the bands of both Terra and Aqua MODIS except for some ocean bands, cloud bands, and the Aqua MODIS band 6. The comparison with results derived from the spectroradiometric calibration assembly, a device operated on-orbit to track the BBR shift between any two of the spectral bands, generally shows good agreement. The measured differences between these two approaches are typically less than 100 m in the scan direction and 200 m in the track direction. This approach can provide more frequent characterization of the MODIS BBR and is extremely useful for other sensors that do not have an onboard spatial characterization device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - Band-to-band registration (BBR)
KW  - BBR shift
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - spatial characterization
KW  - spectroradiometric calibration assembly (SRCA)
N1  - Accession Number: 34262517; Yong Xie 1; Email Address: yxie2@gmu.edu Xiaoxiong Xiong 2; Email Address: Xiaoxiong.Xiong.1@gsfc.nasa.gov Qu, John J. 1; Email Address: jqu@cos.gmu.edu Nianzeng Che 3; Email Address: nianzengche@ssaihq.com Lingli Wang 1; Email Address: lwang2@gmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Geoinformation Sciences, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  3: Science Systems and Application, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p2666; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Band-to-band registration (BBR); Author-Supplied Keyword: BBR shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroradiometric calibration assembly (SRCA); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Sweitzer, Karl A.
T1  - An investigation of high-cycle fatigue models for metallic structures exhibiting snap-through response
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 30
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1579
EP  - 1598
SN  - 01421123
AB  - Abstract: A study is undertaken to develop a methodology for determining the suitability of various high-cycle fatigue models for metallic structures subjected to combined thermal-acoustic loadings. Two features of this problem differentiate it from the fatigue of structures subject to acoustic loading alone. Potentially large mean stresses associated with the thermally pre- and post-buckled states require models capable of handling those conditions. Additionally, snap-through motion between multiple post-buckled equilibrium positions introduces very high alternating stress. An aluminum beam structure is chosen as the computational test article, with its geometric and material nonlinear response determined via numerical simulation. A cumulative damage model is employed using a rainflow cycle counting scheme and fatigue life estimates are made for 2024-T3 aluminum using various non-zero mean stress fatigue models, including Walker, Morrow, Morrow with true fracture strength, and MMPDS. A baseline zero-mean stress model is additionally considered. It is shown that for this material, the Walker model produces the most conservative fatigue life estimates when the stress response has a tensile mean introduced by geometric nonlinearity, but remains in the linear elastic range. However, when the loading level is sufficiently high to produce plasticity, the response becomes more fully reversed and the baseline, Morrow, and Morrow with true fracture strength models produce the most conservative fatigue life estimates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - High-cycle thermal-acoustic fatigue
KW  - Mean stress
KW  - Nonlinear random response
N1  - Accession Number: 32172324; Przekop, Adam 1; Email Address: adam@nianet.org Rizzi, Stephen A. 2 Sweitzer, Karl A. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: ITT Corporation, Space Systems Division, Rochester, NY 14606, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 30 Issue 9, p1579; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: STRESS concentration; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: High-cycle thermal-acoustic fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mean stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear random response; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2007.11.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HEAPS, WILLIAM S.
AU  - WILSON, EMILY L.
AU  - GEORGIEVA, ELENA M.
T1  - PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC TRACE CONSTITUENTS USING A COMPACT FABRY-PEROT RADIOMETER.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 601
EP  - 612
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 01291564
AB  - To address the problem of sources and sinks of atmospheric CO2, measurements are needed on a global scale. Satellite instruments show promise, but typically measure the total column. Since sources and sinks at the surface represent a small perturbation to the total column, a precision of better than 1% is required. No species has ever been measured from space at this level. Over the last three years, we have developed a small instrument based upon a Fabry-Perot interferometer that is highly sensitive to atmospheric CO2. We have tested this instrument in a ground based configuration and from aircraft platforms simulating operation from a satellite. The instrument is characterized by high signal to noise ratio, fast response and great specificity. We have performed simulations and instrument designs for systems to detect, H2O, CO, 13CO2, CH4, CH2O, NH3, SO2, N2O, NO2, and O3. The high resolution and throughput, and small size of this instrument make it adaptable to many other atmospheric species. We present results and discuss ways this instrument can be used for ground, aircraft or space based surveillance and the detection of pollutants, toxics and industrial effluents in a variety of scenarios including battlefields, industrial monitoring, or pollution transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - SINKS (Atmospheric chemistry)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - FABRY-Perot interferometers
KW  - absorption
KW  - atmospheric composition
KW  - Fabry-Perot
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - interferometry
KW  - measurement
KW  - metrology
KW  - optical instruments
KW  - remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 35643157; HEAPS, WILLIAM S. 1; Email Address: William.S.Heaps@nasa.gov WILSON, EMILY L. 2; Email Address: Emily.L.Wilson@nasa.gov GEORGIEVA, ELENA M. 3; Email Address: egeorgie@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Laser and Electro-Optics Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 550, Building 19, Room S1, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771, United States of America  2: Laser and Electro-Optics Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 554, Building 19, Room N1, Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771, United States of America  3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, 5523 Research Park Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21228, United States of America; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p601; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: SINKS (Atmospheric chemistry); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: FABRY-Perot interferometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabry-Perot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: metrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Zhang, Zhibo
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Warren, Stephen G.
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Huang, Hung-Lung
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Iaquinta, Jean
T1  - Effect of Cavities on the Optical Properties of Bullet Rosettes: Implications for Active and Passive Remote Sensing of Ice Cloud Properties.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 47
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2311
EP  - 2330
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Bullet rosette particles are common in ice clouds, and the bullets may often be hollow. Here the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented hollow bullet rosette ice particles are investigated. A bullet, which is an individual branch of a rosette, is defined as a hexagonal column attached to a hexagonal pyramidal tip. For this study, a hollow structure is included at the end of the columnar part of each bullet branch and the shape of the hollow structure is defined as a hexagonal pyramid. A hollow bullet rosette may have between 2 and 12 branches. An improved geometric optics method is used to solve for the scattering of light in the particle. The primary optical effect of incorporating a hollow end in each of the bullets is to decrease the magnitude of backscattering. In terms of the angular distribution of scattered energy, the hollow bullets increase the scattering phase function values within the forward scattering angle region from 1° to 20° but decrease the phase function values at side- and backscattering angles of 60°–180°. As a result, the presence of hollow bullets tends to increase the asymmetry factor. In addition to the scattering phase function, the other elements of the phase matrix are also discussed. The backscattering depolarization ratios for hollow and solid bullet rosettes are found to be very different. This may have an implication for active remote sensing of ice clouds, such as from polarimetric lidar measurements. In a comparison of solid and hollow bullet rosettes, the effect of the differences on the retrieval of both the ice cloud effective particle size and optical thickness is also discussed. It is found that the presence of hollow bullet rosettes acts to decrease the inferred effective particle size and to increase the optical thickness in comparison with the use of solid bullet rosettes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - OPTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 34388030; Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Zhang, Zhibo 1 Kattawar, George W. 2 Warren, Stephen G. 3 Baum, Bryan A. 4 Huang, Hung-Lung 4 Hu, Yong X. 5 Winker, David 5 Iaquinta, Jean 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  2: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  4: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  6: Transport Research Laboratory, Wokingham, Berkshire, United Kingdom; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 47 Issue 9, p2311; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: OPTICS; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAMC1905.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34388030&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
AU  - Rutan, David A.
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
T1  - Cloud Effects on the Meridional Atmospheric Energy Budget Estimated from Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 4223
EP  - 4241
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The zonal mean atmospheric cloud radiative effect, defined as the difference between the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) and surface cloud radiative effects, is estimated from 3 yr of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data. The zonal mean shortwave effect is small, though it tends to be positive (warming). This indicates that clouds increase shortwave absorption in the atmosphere, especially in midlatitudes. The zonal mean atmospheric cloud radiative effect is, however, dominated by the longwave effect. The zonal mean longwave effect is positive in the tropics and decreases with latitude to negative values (cooling) in polar regions. The meridional gradient of the cloud effect between midlatitude and polar regions exists even when uncertainties in the cloud effect on the surface enthalpy flux and in the modeled irradiances are taken into account. This indicates that clouds increase the rate of generation of the mean zonal available potential energy. Because the atmospheric cooling effect in polar regions is predominately caused by low-level clouds, which tend to be stationary, it is postulated here that the meridional and vertical gradients of the cloud effect increase the rate of meridional energy transport by the dynamics of the atmosphere from the midlatitudes to the polar region, especially in fall and winter. Clouds then warm the surface in the polar regions except in the Arctic in summer. Clouds, therefore, contribute toward increasing the rate of meridional energy transport from the midlatitudes to the polar regions through the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC waves
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - POLAR regions
N1  - Accession Number: 34654737; Kato, Seiji 1 Rose, Fred G. 1 Rutan, David A. 1 Charlock, Thomas P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 21 Issue 17, p4223; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC waves; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Subject Term: POLAR regions; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JCLI1982.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34654737&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saini, Subhash
AU  - Ciotti, Robert
AU  - Gunney, Brian T.N.
AU  - Spelce, Thomas E.
AU  - Koniges, Alice
AU  - Dossa, Don
AU  - Adamidis, Panagiotis
AU  - Rabenseifner, Rolf
AU  - Tiyyagura, Sunil R.
AU  - Mueller, Matthias
T1  - Performance evaluation of supercomputers using HPCC and IMB Benchmarks
JO  - Journal of Computer & System Sciences
JF  - Journal of Computer & System Sciences
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 74
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 965
EP  - 982
SN  - 00220000
AB  - Abstract: The HPC Challenge (HPCC) Benchmark suite and the Intel MPI Benchmark (IMB) are used to compare and evaluate the combined performance of processor, memory subsystem and interconnect fabric of five leading supercomputers—SGI Altix BX2, Cray X1, Cray Opteron Cluster, Dell Xeon Cluster, and NEC SX-8. These five systems use five different networks (SGI NUMALINK4, Cray network, Myrinet, InfiniBand, and NEC IXS). The complete set of HPCC Benchmarks are run on each of these systems. Additionally, we present Intel MPI Benchmarks results to study the performance of 11 MPI communication functions on these systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computer & System Sciences is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - HPCC
KW  - IMB
KW  - Interconnect performance
KW  - Performance evaluation
KW  - Supercomputer architectures
N1  - Accession Number: 33532624; Saini, Subhash 1; Email Address: ssaini@nas.nasa.gov Ciotti, Robert 1; Email Address: ciotti@nas.nasa.gov Gunney, Brian T.N. 2; Email Address: gunney@llnl.gov Spelce, Thomas E. 2 Koniges, Alice 2; Email Address: koniges@llnl.gov Dossa, Don 2; Email Address: dossa1@llnl.gov Adamidis, Panagiotis 3; Email Address: adamidis@dkrz.de Rabenseifner, Rolf 4; Email Address: rabenseifner@hlrs.de Tiyyagura, Sunil R. 4; Email Address: sunil@hlrs.de Mueller, Matthias 5; Email Address: matthias.mueller@tu-dresden.de; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA  3: German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany  4: High-Performance Computing-Center (HLRS), University of Stuttgart, Nobelstr. 19, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany  5: ZIH, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 12, D-01069 Dresden, Germany; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 74 Issue 6, p965; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPCC; Author-Supplied Keyword: IMB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interconnect performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supercomputer architectures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcss.2007.07.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33532624&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Sutton, Kenneth
T1  - Spectrum Modeling for Air Shock-Layer Radiation at Lunar-Return Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/09//Sep/Oct2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 865
EP  - 878
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A new air-radiation model is presented for the calculation of the radiative flux from lunar-return shock layers. For modeling atomic lines, the data from a variety of theoretical and experimental sources are compiled and reviewed. A line model is chosen that consists of oscillator strengths from the National Institute of Standards and Technology database and the Opacity Project (for many lines not listed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology), as well as Stark broadening widths obtained from the average of available values. Uncertainties for the oscillator strengths and Stark broadening widths are conservatively chosen from the reviewed data, and for the oscillator strengths, the chosen uncertainties are found to be larger than those listed in the National Institute of Standards and Technology database. This new atomic line model is compared with previous models for equilibrium constant-property layers chosen to approximately represent a lunar-return shock layer. It is found that the new model increases the emission resulting from the 1-6-eV spectral range by up to 50 %. This increase is due to both the increase in oscillator strengths for some important lines and to the addition of lines from the Opacity Project, which are not commonly treated in shock-layer radiation predictions. Detailed theoretical atomic bound--free cross sections obtained from the Opacity Project's TOPbase are applied for nitrogen and oxygen. An efficient method of treating these detailed cross sections is presented. The emission from negative ions is considered and shown to contribute up to 10% to the total radiative flux. The modeling of the molecular-band systems using the smeared-rotational-band approach is reviewed. The validity of the smeared-rotational-band approach for both emitting and absorbing-band systems is shown through comparisons with the computationally intensive line-by -line approach. The absorbing-band systems are shown to reduce the radiative flux by up to 10%, whereas the emitting-band systems are shown to contribute less than a 5% increase in the flux. The combined models chosen for the atomic line, atomic bound--free, negative-ion, and molecular-band components result in a computationally efficient model that is ideal for coupled solutions with a Navier--Stokes flowfield. It is recommended that the notable increases shown, relative to previous models, for the atomic line and negative-ion continuum should be included in future radiation predictions for lunar-return vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATOMIC spectra
KW  - ATOMIC mass
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 34878655; Johnston, Christopher O. 1,2 Hollis, Brian R. 1,3 Sutton, Kenneth 4,5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Member AIAA  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 24060  5: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2008, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p865; Subject Term: ATOMIC spectra; Subject Term: ATOMIC mass; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.33004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34878655&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Sutton, Kenneth
T1  - Non-Boltzmann Modeling for Air Shock-Layer Radiation at Lunar-Return Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/09//Sep/Oct2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 879
EP  - 890
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper investigates the non-Boltzmann modeling of the radiating atomic and molecular electronic states present in lunar-return shock layers. The master equation is derived for a general atom or molecule while accounting for a variety of excitation and deexcitation mechanisms. A new set of electronic-impact excitation rates is compiled for N, O, and N2+, which are the main radiating species for most lunar-return shock layers. Based on these new rates, a novel approach of curve-fitting the non-Boltzmann populations of the radiating atomic and molecular states is developed. This new approach provides a simple and accurate method for calculating the atomic and molecular non-Boltzmann populations while avoiding the matrix inversion procedure required for the detailed solution of the master equation. The radiative-flux values predicted by the present detailed non-Boltzmann model and the approximate curve-fitting approach are shown to agree within 5% for the Fire II 1634-s case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - MOLECULAR electronics
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - CURVE fitting
N1  - Accession Number: 34878656; Johnston, Christopher O. 1,2 Hollis, Brian R. 1,3 Sutton, Kenneth 4,5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Member AIAA  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 24060  5: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2008, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p879; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR electronics; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Subject Term: CURVE fitting; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 12 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.33006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34878656&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finkbeiner, Joshua R.
AU  - Dunlap Jr., Patrick H.
AU  - Steinetz, Bruce M.
AU  - Daniels, Christopher C.
T1  - Review of Seal Designs on the Apollo Spacecraft.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/09//Sep/Oct2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 900
EP  - 910
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Apollo spacecraft required a variety of seal designs to support human spaceflight to the moon and to return the crews safely to Earth. High-temperature seals were required for gaps in the thermal protection system to protect the underlying structures from the high heating environment of superorbital reentry. Reliable pressure seals were also required to prevent the loss of habitable atmosphere during missions to the moon. A review is presented of some of the seals used on the Apollo spacecraft, including the seal in the gap between the heat shield and back shell and seals for penetrations through the heat shield, docking hatches, windows, and the capsule pressure hull. A brief discussion of seal requirements for the Orion spacecraft is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - MOON
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - SEALS (Closures)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 34878658; Finkbeiner, Joshua R. 1,2 Dunlap Jr., Patrick H. 1,2 Steinetz, Bruce M. 1,3 Daniels, Christopher C. 2,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Member AIAA  3: Fellow AIAA  4: The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325-3901; Source Info: Sep/Oct2008, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p900; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: SEALS (Closures); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 31 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.27188
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34878658&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
AU  - Keller, Donald F.
AU  - Schuster, David M.
AU  - Piatak, David J.
AU  - Rausch, Russ D.
AU  - Bartels, Robert E.
AU  - Ivanco, Thomas G.
T1  - Aeroelastic Response and Protection of Space Shuttle External Tank Cable Trays.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/09//Sep/Oct2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 988
EP  - 998
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Sections of the space shuttle external tank liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen cable trays are shielded from potentially damaging air loads with foam protuberance aerodynamic load ramps. Flight standard design liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen cable tray sections were tested with and without protuberance aerodynamic load ramp models in the United States Air Force Arnold Engineering Development Center's 16T transonic wind tunnel to obtain experimental data on the aeroelastic stability and response characteristics of the trays and as part of the larger effort to determine whether the protuberance aerodynamic load ramps can be safely modified or removed. Computational fluid dynamic simulations of the full-stack shuttle launch configuration were used to investigate the flow characteristics around and under the cable trays without the protective protuberance aerodynamic load ramps and to define maximum crossflow Mach numbers and dynamic pressures experienced during launch. These crossflow conditions were used to establish wind-tunnel test conditions, which also included conservative margins. For all of the conditions and configurations tested, no aeroelastic instabilities or unacceptable dynamic response levels were encountered and no visible structural damage was experienced by any of the tested cable tray sections. Based upon this aeroelastic characterization test, three potentially acceptable alternatives are available for the liquid oxygen cable tray protuberance aerodynamic load ramps: miniramps, tray fences, or no ramps. All configurations were tested to maximum conditions, except the liquid hydrogen trays at -15 deg crossflow angle. This exception is the only caveat preventing the proposal of acceptable alternative configurations for the liquid hydrogen trays as well. Structural assessment of all tray loads and tray response measurements from launches following the shuttle return-to-flight with the existing protuberance aerodynamic load ramps will determine the acceptability of these protuberance aerodynamic load ramp alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - MACH number
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 34878667; Edwards, John W. 1,2 Keller, Donald F. 1 Schuster, David M. 1,3 Piatak, David J. 1 Rausch, Russ D. 1,4 Bartels, Robert E. 1 Ivanco, Thomas G. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Fellow AIAA  3: Associate Fellow AIAA  4: Member AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2008, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p988; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30077
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34878667&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
AU  - Jackson, Karen E.
AU  - Lyle, Karen H.
AU  - Jones, Lisa E.
AU  - Hardy, Robin C.
AU  - Kellas, Sotiris
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
AU  - Melis, Matthew E.
T1  - Dynamic Impact Tolerance of Space Shuttle Orbiter Wing Leading-Edge Panels.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/09//Sep/Oct2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1042
EP  - 1052
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper describes a research program conducted to enable accurate prediction of the impact tolerance of the shuttle Orbiter leading-edge wing panels using physics-based codes such as LS-DYNA, a nonlinear explicit transient dynamic finite element code. The shuttle leading-edge panels are constructed of reinforced carbon--carbon composite material, which is used because of its thermal properties to protect the shuttle during reentry into the Earth's atmosphere. Accurate predictions of impact damage from insulating foam and other debris strikes that occur during launch require materials characterization of expected debris, including strain-rate effects. First, analytical models of individual foam and reinforced carbon-carbon materials were validated. Next, analytical models of foam cylinders impacting 6 x 6 in. reinforced carbon--carbon flat plates were developed and validated. LS-DYNA pretest models of the reinforced carbon--carbon flat-plate specimens established the impact velocity of the test for three damage levels: no detectable damage, nondestructive-evaluation-detectable damage, or visible damage such as a through-the-thickness crack or hole. Finally, the threshold of impact damage for reinforced carbon--carbon on representative Orbiter wing panels was predicted for both a small through-the-thickness crack and for nondestructive-evaluation-detectable damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - LEADING edges (Aerodynamics)
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - REUSABLE space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 34878672; Fasanella, Edwin L. 1,2 Jackson, Karen E. 1,2 Lyle, Karen H. 1 Jones, Lisa E. 1 Hardy, Robin C. 1,3 Kellas, Sotiris 1 Carney, Kelly S. 4,5 Melis, Matthew E. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  5: Member AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2008, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p1042; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: LEADING edges (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: REUSABLE space vehicles; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 18 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.31373
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34878672&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chauncey Wu, K.
AU  - Cruz, Jonathan N.
AU  - Antol, Jeffrey
AU  - Sasamoto, Washito A.
T1  - Systems Analysis and Structural Design of an Unpressurized Cargo Delivery Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/09//Sep/Oct2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1061
EP  - 1069
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The International Space Station will require a continuous supply of replacement parts for ongoing maintenance and repair after the planned retirement of the space shuttle in 2010. These parts are existing line-replaceable items collectively called orbital replacement units, and include heavy and oversized items such as control moment gyroscopes and stowed radiator arrays originally intended for delivery aboard the space shuttle. Current resupply spacecraft have limited to no capability to deliver these external logistics. In support of NASA's Exploration Systems Architecture Study, a team at Langley Research Center designed an unpressurized cargo delivery vehicle to deliver bulk cargo to the space station. This vehicle was required to deliver at least 13,200 lb of cargo mounted on at least 18 flight releasable attachment mechanisms. The crew launch vehicle design recommended in the Exploration Systems Architecture Study would be used to launch one annual resupply flight to the International Space Station. The baseline vehicle design has a cargo capacity of 16,000 lb mounted on up to 20 flight releasable attachment mechanisms. Major vehicle components are an 18.0 ft-diam cargo module containing two detachable pallets with the payload, a service module to provide propulsion and power, and a jettisonable nose cone. To reduce cost and risk, the service module is identical to the one used for the crew exploration vehicle design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 34878674; Chauncey Wu, K. 1 Cruz, Jonathan N. 1 Antol, Jeffrey 1 Sasamoto, Washito A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Sep/Oct2008, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p1061; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 14 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.32661
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sehirlioglu, Alp
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Dynys, Fred
T1  - Microstructure–Property Relationships in Liquid Phase-Sintered High-Temperature Bismuth Scandium Oxide-Lead Titanate Piezoceramics.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 91
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2910
EP  - 2916
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - High-temperature piezoelectrics are necessary for aeronautic and aerospace applications. The principal challenge for the insertion of piezoelectric materials is their limitation for upper use temperature, which is due to low Curie temperature and increasing conductivity at high temperatures. We investigated processing, microstructure, and property relationships of (1− x)BiScO3−( x)PbTiO3 composition as a promising high-temperature piezoelectric. The effects of excess PbO and Bi2O3 and their partitioning in grain boundaries were studied using impedance spectroscopy, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric measurement techniques. Excess Pb addition increased the grain-boundary conduction and the grain-boundary area resulting in ceramics with higher AC-conductivity (tan δ=0.9 and 1.7 for 0 and 5 at.% excess Pb at 350°C and at 10 kHz) that were not resistive enough to pole. Excess Bi addition increased the resistivity (tan δ=0.9 and 0.1 for 0 and 5 at.% excess Pb at 350°C and at 10 kHz), improved poling, and increased the piezoelectric coefficient from 354 to 408 pC/N for 5 at.% excess Bi addition. Thus, excess Bi2O3 proved to be a successful liquid phase forming additive to improve the 0.37BiScO3–0.63PbTiO3 piezoceramics for high-temperature applications, as a result of increased resistivity and enhanced piezoelectric activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TITANATES
KW  - BISMUTH trioxide
KW  - MATERIALS at high temperatures
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
N1  - Accession Number: 34137468; Sehirlioglu, Alp 1,2,3; Email Address: alp.sehirlioglu@case.edu Sayir, Ali 1,2,3 Dynys, Fred 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Member, The American Ceramic Society  2: NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 91 Issue 9, p2910; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TITANATES; Subject Term: BISMUTH trioxide; Subject Term: MATERIALS at high temperatures; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02555.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ounaies, Zoubeida
AU  - Cheol Park
AU  - Harrison, Jocelyn
AU  - Lillehei, Peter
T1  - Evidence of Piezoelectricity in SWNT-Polyimide and SWNT-PZT-Polyimide Composites.
JO  - Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
EP  - 409
SN  - 08927057
AB  - Nanotechnology offers opportunities to reenergize the area of smart materials by addressing their current shortfalls and expanding their application range. For example, sensors based on polymer nanocomposites would provide a new paradigm for lightweight structural health monitoring for broad aeronautics and space applications. Deployable structures such as inflatable antennae and space mirrors will benefit from the incorporation of multifunctional lenses employing smart, articulating materials. In this paper, an approach to enhance the piezoelectricity of polyimides through the addition of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) particles and single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) is presented. The dielectric and electrical properties of the composites are investigated as a function of SWNT volume content. The dynamic and static mechanical properties are presented to assess the effect of the inclusions on the macro-scale properties of the nanocomposites. It is found that the SWNTs increase the dielectric, piezoelectric, and mechanical properties of the polyimide matrix. Addition of the SWNT in the PZT/polyimide composites facilitates poling and results in an increase of the piezoelectric properties of the three-phase composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOPLASTIC composites
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - TITANATES
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - lead zirconate titanate
KW  - nanocomposite
KW  - piezoelectric polyimide
KW  - single-wall carbon nanotube
N1  - Accession Number: 34447708; Ounaies, Zoubeida 1; Email Address: zounaies@tamu.edu Cheol Park 2 Harrison, Jocelyn 3 Lillehei, Peter 3; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 21 Issue 5, p393; Subject Term: THERMOPLASTIC composites; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: TITANATES; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: lead zirconate titanate; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-wall carbon nanotube; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0892705708089483
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ADAMS, J. L.
AU  - HARTLEY, T. T.
AU  - LORENZO, C. F.
T1  - Identification of Complex Order-distributions.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2008/09//Sep/Oct2008
VL  - 14
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1375
EP  - 1388
SN  - 10775463
AB  - This article discusses the identification of fractional systems using the concepts of complex order distribution. Based on the ability to define systems using complex order-distributions, it is shown that system identification in the frequency domain using a least-squares approach can be performed. A mesh is created to cover an area in the complex-order plane. The weighting of each block in the order-plane is selected to minimize the square-error between the frequency response of the system and the identified system. The identified systems have real time responses. Four examples, including both pure real-order systems and pure complex-order systems, are presented to demonstrate the utility of the identification method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTIONAL calculus
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Electrical engineering)
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - complex order-distributions
KW  - Fractional calculus
KW  - fractional-order systems
KW  - system identification
N1  - Accession Number: 34514513; ADAMS, J. L. 1; Email Address: jla36@uakron.edu HARTLEY, T. T. 1 LORENZO, C. F. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron OH 44325 USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Source Info: Sep/Oct2008, Vol. 14 Issue 9/10, p1375; Subject Term: FRACTIONAL calculus; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: FREQUENCY response (Electrical engineering); Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: complex order-distributions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional calculus; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractional-order systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: system identification; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Venkatachari, Balaji Shankar
AU  - Cheng, Gary C.
AU  - Soni, Bharat K.
AU  - Chang, S.C.
T1  - Validation and verification of Courant number insensitive CE/SE method for transient viscous flow simulations
JO  - Mathematics & Computers in Simulation
JF  - Mathematics & Computers in Simulation
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 78
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 670
SN  - 03784754
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, we report an extension of the space–time conservation element–solution element (CE/SE) framework-based viscous flow solver. With the accuracy of solution obtained through the use of a CE/SE-based solver closely related to the CFL number disparity across the mesh, a new formulation to make the solution insensitive to CFL number disparity is herein presented. The capability of the developed solver is then validated through simulation of 2D problems such as driven cavity, external flow over a flat plate, laminar flow over a square cylinder, etc. Investigations are also conducted to verify the sensitivity of results to grid spacing and mesh structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mathematics & Computers in Simulation is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - CE/SE
KW  - CFD
KW  - Unsteady flows
N1  - Accession Number: 32982452; Venkatachari, Balaji Shankar 1; Email Address: balaji@uab.edu Cheng, Gary C. 1; Email Address: gcheng@uab.edu Soni, Bharat K. 1; Email Address: bsoni@uab.edu Chang, S.C. 2; Email Address: sin-chung.chang@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 78 Issue 5/6, p653; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: CE/SE; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady flows; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matcom.2008.04.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phillips, Jonathan A.
AU  - Almeida, Eduardo A.C.
AU  - Hill, Esther L.
AU  - Aguirre, J. Ignacio
AU  - Rivera, Mercedes F.
AU  - Nachbandi, Inaam
AU  - Wronski, Thomas J.
AU  - van der Meulen, Marjolein C.H.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
T1  - Role for β1 integrins in cortical osteocytes during acute musculoskeletal disuse
JO  - Matrix Biology
JF  - Matrix Biology
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 27
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 609
EP  - 618
SN  - 0945053X
AB  - Abstract: The mammalian skeleton adjusts bone structure and strength in response to changes in mechanical loading, however the molecular and cellular mechanisms governing this process in vivo are unknown. Terminally differentiated osteoblasts, the osteocytes, are presumptive mechanosensory cells for bone, and cell culture studies demonstrate that β1 integrins participate in mechanical signaling. To determine the role of β1 integrins in osteoblasts in vivo, we used the Cre-lox system to delete β1 integrin from cells committed to the osteoblast lineage. While pCol2.3 Cre-mediated recombination was widespread in bones from Colα1(I)-Cre+ /β1  fl/fl  conditional knockout mice (cKO), β1 integrin protein was depleted from cortical osteocytes, but not from cancellous osteocytes or cells lining bone surfaces in adults. Bones from cKO mice that were normally loaded were similar in structure to WT littermates. However, hindlimb unloading of adult cKO mice for one week intended to cause bone loss (disuse osteopenia), resulted in unexpected, rapid changes in the geometry of cortical bone; hindlimb unloading increased the cross-sectional area, marrow area, and moments of inertia in cKO, but not WT mice. Furthermore, these hindlimb unloading-induced geometric changes in cortical bone of cKO mice resulted in increased whole bone bending stiffness and strength of the femur. Together, these results confirmed the concept that osteocytes are mechanosensory cells and showed β1 integrins in cortical osteocytes limited changes in cortical geometry in response to disuse, thus providing the first in vivo evidence that β1 integrins on osteocytes mediate specific aspects of mechanotransduction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Matrix Biology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRINS
KW  - OSTEOCYTES
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - OSTEOPENIA
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Diseases
KW  - Biomechanics
KW  - Bone
KW  - Integrin
KW  - Mechanotransduction
KW  - Microcomputed tomography
KW  - Osteoblast
N1  - Accession Number: 34979933; Phillips, Jonathan A. 1 Almeida, Eduardo A.C. 1 Hill, Esther L. 2 Aguirre, J. Ignacio 3 Rivera, Mercedes F. 3 Nachbandi, Inaam 4,5 Wronski, Thomas J. 3 van der Meulen, Marjolein C.H. 6 Globus, Ruth K. 1; Email Address: Ruth.K.Globus@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL  4: Institute for Immunology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany  5: Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute for Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany  6: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 27 Issue 7, p609; Subject Term: INTEGRINS; Subject Term: OSTEOCYTES; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; Subject Term: OSTEOPENIA; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanotransduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microcomputed tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osteoblast; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matbio.2008.05.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackenzie, Anne I.
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
AU  - Rao, Sadasiva M.
T1  - An alternate set of basis functions for the electromagnetic solution of arbitrarily shaped, three-dimensional, closed, conducting bodies using method of moments.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2354
EP  - 2357
SN  - 08952477
AB  - In this work, we present an alternate set of basis functions, each defined over a pair of planar triangular patches, for the method of moments solution of electromagnetic scattering and radiation problems associated with arbitrarily shaped, closed, conducting surfaces. The present basis functions are point-wise orthogonal to the pulse basis functions previously defined. The prime motivation to develop the present set of basis functions is to utilize them for the electromagnetic solution of dielectric bodies using a surface integral equation formulation which involves both electric and magnetic currents. However, in the present work, only the conducting body solution is presented and compared with other data. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2354–2357, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23681 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - INTEGRAL equations
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - MOMENTS method (Statistics)
KW  - electromagnetic scattering
KW  - integral equations
KW  - method of moments
KW  - numerical methods
N1  - Accession Number: 32750316; Mackenzie, Anne I. 1 Baginski, Michael E. 2 Rao, Sadasiva M. 2; Email Address: rao@eng.auburn.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Department of E & CE, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 50 Issue 9, p2354; Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: INTEGRAL equations; Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetic scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: integral equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: method of moments; Author-Supplied Keyword: numerical methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811412 Appliance Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335990 All other electrical equipment and component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.23681
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howell, Patricia A.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Cramer, K. Elliott
T1  - On-orbit passive thermography.
JO  - Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation
JF  - Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation
Y1  - 2008/09//
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 210
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10589759
AB  - On July 12, 2006, British-born astronaut Piers Sellers became the first person to conduct thermal nondestructive evaluation experiments in space, demonstrating the feasibility of a new tool for detecting damage to the reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) structures of the Shuttle. This new tool was an extravehicular activity (EVA, or spacewalk) compatible infrared camera developed by NASA engineers. Data was collected both on the wing leading edge of the orbiter and on pre-damaged samples mounted in the Shuttle's cargo bay. A total of 10 infrared movies were collected during the EVA totaling over 250 MB of data. Images were downloaded from the orbiting Shuttle to Johnson Space Center for analysis and processing. Results are shown to be comparable to ground-based thermal inspections performed in the laboratory with the same type of camera and simulated solar heating. The EVA camera system detected flat-bottom holes as small as 2.54 cm in diameter with 50% material loss from the back (hidden) surface in RCC during this first test of the EVA IR Camera. Data for the time history of the specimen temperature and the capability of the inspection system for imaging impact damage are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nondestructive Testing & Evaluation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight)
KW  - INFRARED detectors
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Composites
KW  - Impact damage
KW  - RCC
KW  - Shuttle
KW  - Thermography
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SELLERS, Piers J., 1955-2016
N1  - Accession Number: 33902634; Howell, Patricia A. 1; Email Address: p.a.howell@nasa.gov Winfree, William P. 1 Cramer, K. Elliott 1; Affiliation:  1: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, MS 231 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p195; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight); Subject Term: INFRARED detectors; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: RCC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shuttle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermography; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: SELLERS, Piers J., 1955-2016; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 7 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10589750701855171
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Hoogenboom, Gerrit
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
AU  - Hoell, James M.
T1  - Evaluation of NASA satellite- and assimilation model-derived long-term daily temperature data over the continental US
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2008/09/03/
VL  - 148
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1574
EP  - 1584
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: Agricultural research increasingly is expected to provide precise, quantitative information with an explicit geographic coverage. Limited availability of daily meteorological records often constrains efforts to provide such information through use of simulation models, spatial analysis, and related decision support tools. The Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources (NASA/POWER) project at the NASA Langley Research Center provides daily data globally for maximum and minimum temperatures and other weather variables on a 1° latitude–longitude grid. The data are assembled from a range of products derived from satellite imagery, ground observations, windsondes, modeling and data assimilation. Daily temperature data from NASA/POWER for 1983 to 2004 for the continental US were compared with data of 855 individual ground stations from the National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program (COOP). Additionally, a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) simulation model was used to compare predicted time to anthesis using the two data sources. Comparisons of daily maximum temperatures (T max) gave an r 2-value of 0.88 (P <0.001) and root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of 4.1°C. For minimum temperature (T min), the r 2-value was 0.88 (P <0.001) and RMSE, 3.7°C. Mean values of T max, and T min from NASA/POWER were, respectively, 2.4°C cooler and 1.1°C warmer than the COOP data. Differences in temperature were least during summer months. When data were aggregated over periods of 8 days or more, the RMSE values declined to below 2.7°C for T max and T min. Simulations of time to anthesis with the two data sources were also strongly correlated (r 2 =0.92, P <0.001, RMSE=14.5 d). Anthesis dates of winter wheat regions showed better agreement than southern, winter-grown spring wheat regions. The differences between the data sources were associated with differences in elevation, which in large part resulted from NASA/POWER data being based on mean elevations over a 1° grid cells vs. COOP data corresponding to the elevation of specific stations. Additional sources of variation might include proximity to coastlines and differences in observation time, although these factors were not quantified. Overall, if mountainous and coastal regions are excluded, the NASA/POWER data appeared promising as a source of continuous daily temperature data for the USA for research and management applications concerned with scales appropriate to the 1° coordinate grid. It further appeared that the POWER data could be improved by adjusting for elevation (lapse rate) effects, reducing seasonal bias, and refining estimation of actual maximum and minimum temperatures in diurnal cycles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Study & teaching
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - AGRICULTURAL ecology
KW  - AGRICULTURE -- Research
KW  - daily maximum temperature ( T max )
KW  - daily minimum temperature ( T min )
KW  - Decision support systems
KW  - NASA Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources ( NASA/POWER )
KW  - NOAA National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program ( COOP )
KW  - Phenology
KW  - root-mean-squared error ( RMSE )
KW  - time of observation bias ( TOB )
KW  - Triticum aestivum
N1  - Accession Number: 33991908; White, Jeffrey W. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.white@ars.usda.gov Hoogenboom, Gerrit 2 Stackhouse, Paul W. 3 Hoell, James M. 4; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85239, United States  2: University of Georgia, Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, GA 30223-1797, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681–2199, United States  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666-5845, United States; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 148 Issue 10, p1574; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL ecology; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: daily maximum temperature ( T max ); Author-Supplied Keyword: daily minimum temperature ( T min ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision support systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Prediction Of Worldwide Energy Resources ( NASA/POWER ); Author-Supplied Keyword: NOAA National Weather Service Cooperative Observer Program ( COOP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: root-mean-squared error ( RMSE ); Author-Supplied Keyword: time of observation bias ( TOB ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Triticum aestivum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.05.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - Clusters of hafnium, Hf n  n =2–8
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/09/10/
VL  - 462
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 187
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: Small Hf n  clusters are studied using density functional theory. The clusters tend to have high symmetry with multiple metal bonds. The atomization energy converges slowly toward the bulk value. All of the vibrational modes are computed to be very weak in the infrared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAFNIUM
KW  - METAL bonding
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - HYDRAULICS
N1  - Accession Number: 34092090; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 462 Issue 4-6, p183; Subject Term: HAFNIUM; Subject Term: METAL bonding; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: HYDRAULICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.07.100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - P.G.  Young
AU  - T.B.H.  Beresford-West
AU  - S.R.L.  Coward
AU  - B.  Notarberardino
AU  - B.  Walker
AU  - A.  Abdul-Aziz
T1  - An efficient approach to converting three-dimensional image data into highly accurate computational models.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2008/09/13/
VL  - 366
IS  - 1878
M3  - Article
SP  - 3155
EP  - 3173
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - Image-based meshing is opening up exciting new possibilities for the application of computational continuum mechanics methods (finite-element and computational fluid dynamics) to a wide range of biomechanical and biomedical problems that were previously intractable owing to the difficulty in obtaining suitably realistic models. Innovative surface and volume mesh generation techniques have recently been developed, which convert three-dimensional imaging data, as obtained from magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, micro-CT and ultrasound, for example, directly into meshes suitable for use in physics-based simulations. These techniques have several key advantages, including the ability to robustly generate meshes for topologies of arbitrary complexity (such as bioscaffolds or composite micro-architectures) and with any number of constituent materials (multi-part modelling), providing meshes in which the geometric accuracy of mesh domains is only dependent on the image accuracy (image-based accuracy) and the ability for certain problems to model material inhomogeneity by assigning the properties based on image signal strength. Commonly used mesh generation techniques will be compared with the proposed enhanced volumetric marching cubes (EVoMaCs) approach and some issues specific to simulations based on three-dimensional image data will be discussed. A number of case studies will be presented to illustrate how these techniques can be used effectively across a wide range of problems from characterization of micro-scaffolds through to head impact modelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOLOGICAL membranes -- Mechanical properties
KW  - TOPOLOGY
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
N1  - Accession Number: 33940770; P.G.  Young 1 T.B.H.  Beresford-West 1 S.R.L.  Coward 1 B.  Notarberardino 1 B.  Walker 2 A.  Abdul-Aziz 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK  2: ARUP Campus, Blythe Valley Business Park, Solihull, West Midlands B90 8AE, UK  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Road MS 6-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 366 Issue 1878, p3155; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL membranes -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: TOPOLOGY; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
T1  - Electrostatic space radiation shielding
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/09/15/
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1043
EP  - 1049
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: For the success of NASA’s new vision for space exploration to Moon, Mars and beyond, exposures from the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is ‘a must solve’ problem. The payload penalty demands a very stringent requirement on the design of the spacecrafts for human deep space missions. The exploration beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) to enable routine access of space will require protection from the hazards of the accumulated exposures of space radiation, Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) and Solar Particle Events (SPE), and minimizing the production of secondary radiation is a great advantage. There is a need to look to new horizons for newer technologies. The present investigation revisits electrostatic active radiation shielding and explores the feasibility of using the electrostatic shielding in concert with the state-of-the-art materials shielding and protection technologies. The full space radiation environment has been used, for the first time, to explore the feasibility of electrostatic shielding. The goal is to repel enough positive charge ions so that they miss the spacecraft without attracting thermal electrons. Conclusions are drawn for the future directions of space radiation protection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE ships -- Shielding (Radiation)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - Active radiation shielding
KW  - Electrostatic space radiation shielding
KW  - Human space missions
KW  - Radiation shielding and protection
KW  - Space radiation exposure
N1  - Accession Number: 33888261; Tripathi, Ram K. 1; Email Address: ram.k.tripathi@nasa.gov Wilson, John W. 1 Youngquist, Robert C. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA, The John F. Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1043; Subject Term: SPACE ships -- Shielding (Radiation); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active radiation shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic space radiation shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human space missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation shielding and protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation exposure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2007.09.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Szewczyk, N.J.
AU  - Tillman, J.
AU  - Conley, C.A.
AU  - Granger, L.
AU  - Segalat, L.
AU  - Higashitani, A.
AU  - Honda, S.
AU  - Honda, Y.
AU  - Kagawa, H.
AU  - Adachi, R.
AU  - Higashibata, A.
AU  - Fujimoto, N.
AU  - Kuriyama, K.
AU  - Ishioka, N.
AU  - Fukui, K.
AU  - Baillie, D.
AU  - Rose, A.
AU  - Gasset, G.
AU  - Eche, B.
AU  - Chaput, D.
T1  - Description of International Caenorhabditis elegans Experiment first flight (ICE-FIRST).
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/09/15/
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1079
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Traveling, living and working in space is now a reality. The number of people and length of time in space is increasing. With new horizons for exploration it becomes more important to fully understand and provide countermeasures to the effects of the space environment on the human body. In addition, space provides a unique laboratory to study how life and physiologic functions adapt from the cellular level to that of the entire organism. Caenorhabditis elegans is a genetic model organism used to study physiology on Earth. Here we provide a description of the rationale, design, methods, and space culture validation of the ICE-FIRST payload, which engaged C. elegans researchers from four nations. Here we also show C. elegans growth and development proceeds essentially normally in a chemically defined liquid medium on board the International Space Station (10.9 day round trip). By setting flight constraints first and bringing together established C. elegans researchers second, we were able to use minimal stowage space to successfully return a total of 53 independent samples, each containing more than a hundred individual animals, to investigators within one year of experiment concept. We believe that in the future, bringing together individuals with knowledge of flight experiment operations, flight hardware, space biology, and genetic model organisms should yield similarly successful payloads. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - CAENORHABDITIS elegans
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Axenic culture
KW  - Caenorhabditis elegans
KW  - Development
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 33888265; Szewczyk, N.J. 1,2; Email Address: nate@alumni.cmu.edu Tillman, J. 3 Conley, C.A. 4 Granger, L. 5 Segalat, L. 5 Higashitani, A. 6 Honda, S. 7 Honda, Y. 7 Kagawa, H. 8 Adachi, R. 8 Higashibata, A. 9 Fujimoto, N. 9 Kuriyama, K. 9 Ishioka, N. 9 Fukui, K. 10 Baillie, D. 11 Rose, A. 11 Gasset, G. 12 Eche, B. 12 Chaput, D. 13; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA  2: School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham, Derby City Hospital, Derby DE22 3DT, UK  3: Lockheed Martin, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: CGMC, CNRS-UMR 5534, Universite Lyon1, 43 bld du 11 Novembre, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France  6: Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8557, Japan  7: Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan  8: Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, 3-1-1, Tsushima Naka, Okayama City 700-8530, Japan  9: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba 305-8505, Japan  10: Japan Space Forum, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan  11: University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada  12: Groupement Scientifique en Biologie et Medecine Spatiales, Universite Paul Sabatier, 31062 Toulouse Cedex, France  13: Centre National d’Estudes Spatiales, Paris Cedex 01, France; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1072; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: CAENORHABDITIS elegans; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Axenic culture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Caenorhabditis elegans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2008.03.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Race, Margaret S.
AU  - Kminek, Gerhard
AU  - Rummel, John D.
T1  - Planetary protection and humans on Mars: NASA/ESA workshop results
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/09/15/
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1128
EP  - 1138
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Planetary protection requirements for future human missions to Mars will strongly influence mission and spacecraft designs, particularly those related to the operation of advanced life support systems (ALS), extravehicular activity (EVA), laboratory and in situ sampling operations, and associated environmental monitoring and control systems. In order to initiate communication, understanding and working relations among the ALS, EVA, and planetary protection communities in NASA and ESA, a workshop was held (May 2005; ESA/ESTEC; Nordwijk, The Netherlands) to focus on mission-specific planetary protection issues associated with future human missions to Mars. The “Mars Planetary Protection and Human Systems Research and Technology Joint NASA/ESA Workshop” considered the range of knowledge and information necessary to establish planetary protection requirements with respect to ALS and EVA systems, including the identification of potential contaminants, contamination pathways, and potential off-nominal events typical of such systems and of space exploration. The top-level workshop goal was to determine how compliance with planetary protection requirements should be implemented before, during, and after human Mars missions, and what standards of contamination control should apply to human explorers. Workshop discussions considered operations and technology concerns, science operations, backward contamination prevention requirements, and the protection of both the human habitat on Mars and the Earth upon crew return. A list of future research and development needs were also identified for ALS, EVA and Mars robotic missions, including specific precursor mission information necessary to understand and prepare for human support systems and science operations on long duration Mars missions. This paper summarizes the findings and recommendations of the workshop including an overall approach to contamination control, waste and consumable management, and off-nominal events, as well as the research and development necessary to cope with planetary protection requirements during future human missions to Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Human missions
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary protection
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - EUROPEAN Space Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 33888272; Race, Margaret S. 1; Email Address: mracemom@aol.com Kminek, Gerhard 2 Rummel, John D. 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 N.Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: European Space Agency, Human Spaceflight, Microgravity and Exploration Directorate, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  3: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1128; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary protection; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Space Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2008.03.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Ishkhanova, Galina
AU  - Henson, Joan
T1  - Defoliation effects on enzyme activities of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus granulatus in a Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) stand in Yellowstone National Park.
JO  - Oecologia
JF  - Oecologia
Y1  - 2008/09/15/
VL  - 158
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 83
SN  - 00298549
AB  - Ectomycorrhizal (EM) basidiomycete fungi are obligate mutualists of pines and hardwoods that receive fixed C from the host tree. Though they often share most recent common ancestors with wood-rotting fungi, it is unclear to what extent EM fungi retain the ability to express enzymes that break down woody substrates. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the dominant EM fungus in a pure pine system retains the ability to produce enzymes that break down woody substrates in a natural setting, and that this ability is inducible by reduction of host photosynthetic potential via partial defoliation. To achieve this, pines in replicate blocks were defoliated 50% by needle removal, and enzyme activities were measured in individual EM root tips that had been treated with antibiotics to prevent possible bacterial activity. Results indicate that the dominant EM fungal species ( Suillus granulatus) expressed all enzymes tested (endocellulase D-glucosidase, laccase, manganese peroxidase, lignin peroxidase, phosphatase and protease), and that activities of these enzymes increased significantly ( P < 0.001) in response to defoliation. Thus, this EM fungus (one of the more specialized mutualists of pine) has the potential to play a significant role in C, N and P cycling in this forested ecosystem. Therefore, many above-ground factors that reduce photosynthetic potential or divert fixed C from roots may have wide-reaching ecosystem effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oecologia is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFOLIATION
KW  - PLANT phenology
KW  - ECTOMYCORRHIZAS
KW  - MYCORRHIZAS
KW  - ENZYMES
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - Defoliation
KW  - Ectomycorrhizae
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Suillus granulatus
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 34631173; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: cullings1@earthlink.net Ishkhanova, Galina 1 Henson, Joan 2; Email Address: jhenson@montana.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, MoVett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Microbiology, Montana State University Bozeman, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 158 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: DEFOLIATION; Subject Term: PLANT phenology; Subject Term: ECTOMYCORRHIZAS; Subject Term: MYCORRHIZAS; Subject Term: ENZYMES; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Defoliation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhizae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Suillus granulatus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00442-008-1119-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Zhonghai
AU  - Charlock, Thomas P.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Xie, Yu
AU  - Miller, Walter
T1  - Snow optical properties for different particle shapes with application to snow grain size retrieval and MODIS/CERES radiance comparison over Antarctica
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/09/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3563
EP  - 3581
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: We investigated the single scattering optical properties of snow for different ice particle shapes and degrees of microscopic scale roughness. These optical properties were implemented and tested in a coupled atmosphere-snow radiative transfer model. The modeled surface spectral albedo and radiance distribution were compared with surface measurements. The results show that the reflected radiance and irradiance over snow are sensitive to the snow grain size and its vertical profile. When inhomogeneity of the particle size distribution in the vertical is taken into account, the measured spectral albedo can be matched, regardless of the particle shapes. But this is not true for the modeled radiance distribution, which depends a lot on the particle shape. The usual “equivalent spheres” assumption significantly overestimates forward reflected radiances, and underestimates backscattering radiances, around the principal plane. On average, the aggregate shape assumption has the best agreement with the measured radiances to a mean bias within 2%. The snow optical properties with the aggregate assumption were applied to the retrieval of snow grain size over the Antarctic plateau. The retrieved grain sizes of the top layer showed similar and large seasonal variation in all years, but only small year to year variation. Using the retrieved snow grain sizes, the modeled spectral and broadband radiances showed good agreements with MODIS and CERES measurements over the Antarctic plateau. Except for the MODIS 2.13 μm channel, the mean relative model-observation differences are within few percent. The modeled MODIS radiances using measured surface reflectance at Dome C also showed good agreement in visible channels, where radiation is not sensitive to snow grain size and the measured surface bidirectional reflectance is applicable over the Antarctic plateau. But modeled radiances using local, surface-measured reflectance in the near infrared yielded large errors because of the high sensitivity to the snow grain size, which varies spatially and temporally. The CERES broadband shortwave radiance is moderately sensitive to the snow grain size, comparable to the MODIS 0.86 μm channel. The variation of broadband snow reflectance due to the seasonal variation in snow grain size is about 5% in a year over the Antarctic plateau. CERES broadband radiances simulated with grain sizes retrieved using MODIS are about 2% larger than those observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR infrared reflectance spectroscopy
KW  - SEAWATER -- Optical properties
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - SNOW -- Measurement
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - PLATEAUS
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Radiance
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Snow
KW  - Snow grain size retrieval
N1  - Accession Number: 33529190; Jin, Zhonghai 1; Email Address: Zhonghai.Jin@nasa.gov Charlock, Thomas P. 2 Yang, Ping 3 Xie, Yu 3 Miller, Walter 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., One Enterprise PKWY, STE 200, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  2: Mail Stop 420, Climate Science Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, United States  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 112 Issue 9, p3563; Subject Term: NEAR infrared reflectance spectroscopy; Subject Term: SEAWATER -- Optical properties; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: SNOW -- Measurement; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: PLATEAUS; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow grain size retrieval; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.04.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33529190&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yokoi, Nobumitsu
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Yoshizawa, Akira
AU  - Hamba, Fujihiro
T1  - A turbulence model for magnetohydrodynamic plasmas.
JO  - Journal of Turbulence
JF  - Journal of Turbulence
Y1  - 2008/09/20/
VL  - 9
IS  - 37
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
SN  - 14685248
AB  - The statistical theory of inhomogeneous turbulence is applied to develop a system of model equations for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The statistical descriptors of MHD turbulence are taken to be the turbulent MHD energy, its dissipation rate, the turbulent cross helicity (velocity-magnetic field correlation), turbulent MHD residual energy (difference between the kinetic and magnetic energies), and turbulent residual helicity (difference between the kinetic and current helicities). Evolution equations for these statistical quantities are coupled to the mean-field dynamics. The model is applied to two MHD-plasma phenomena: turbulence evolution with prescribed mean velocity and magnetic fields in the solar wind, and mean flow generation in the presence of a mean magnetic field and cross helicity in tokamak plasmas. These applications support the validity of the turbulence model. In the presence of a mean magnetic field, turbulence dynamics should be subject to combined effects of nonlinearity and Alfven waves; consequences for the dissipation rate of MHD residual energy are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Turbulence is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) -- Helicity
KW  - STOPPING power (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - eddy viscosity
KW  - magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
KW  - solar wind
KW  - tokamak plasma
KW  - turbulence model
N1  - Accession Number: 44615777; Yokoi, Nobumitsu 1; Email Address: nobyokoi@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp Rubinstein, Robert 2 Yoshizawa, Akira Hamba, Fujihiro 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.  2: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 9 Issue 37, p1; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) -- Helicity; Subject Term: STOPPING power (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: eddy viscosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetohydrodynamic turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar wind; Author-Supplied Keyword: tokamak plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence model; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14685240802433057
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44615777&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Guangyoung
AU  - Palazzolo, Alan
AU  - Provenza, A.
AU  - Lawrence, C.
AU  - Carney, K.
T1  - Long duration blade loss simulations including thermal growths for dual-rotor gas turbine engine
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2008/09/23/
VL  - 316
IS  - 1-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 163
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - This paper presents an approach for blade loss simulation including thermal growth effects for a dual-rotor gas turbine engine supported on bearing and squeeze film damper. A nonlinear ball bearing model using the Hertzian formula predicts ball contact load and stress, while a simple thermal model estimates the thermal growths of bearing components during the blade loss event. The modal truncation augmentation method combined with a proposed staggered integration scheme is verified through simulation results as an efficient tool for analyzing a flexible dual-rotor gas turbine engine dynamics with the localized nonlinearities of the bearing and damper, with the thermal growths and with a flexible casing model. The new integration scheme with enhanced modeling capability reduces the computation time by a factor of 12, while providing a variety of solutions with acceptable accuracy for durations extending over several thermal time constants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - DAMPERS (Mechanical devices)
N1  - Accession Number: 32648549; Sun, Guangyoung 1; Email Address: dr.gysun@gmail.com Palazzolo, Alan 2; Email Address: a-palazzolo@neo.tamu.edu Provenza, A. 3 Lawrence, C. 3 Carney, K. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 301-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Texas A&M University, 100 ENPH Building, MS 3123, College Station, TX 77840-3123, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 316 Issue 1-5, p147; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: DAMPERS (Mechanical devices); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2008.02.045
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=32648549&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obirai, Joseph C.
AU  - Hunter, Gary
AU  - Dutta, Prabir K.
T1  - Multi-walled carbon nanotubes as high temperature carbon monoxide sensors
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2008/09/25/
VL  - 134
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 640
EP  - 646
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: Heat treatment of acid-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) produces profound changes in their electrical properties. Below 600°C the resistance of a thick film of MWCNT (∼100μm) was below 200Ω while at 700°C, the resistance increased to over 20MΩ. This process was irreversible. TEM showed that for a heat treatment ≤600°C, the tube nature prevailed, but above 600°C, nanoparticles of carbon materials with graphitic layers as well as tubes are present. The resistance changes upon interaction with carbon monoxide were monitored for materials heated at 600 and 700°C. For materials heated at temperatures ≤600°C, the largest changes in resistances (p-type) were observed at 400°C with CO, with no measureable resistance changes at 100 and 600°C. For materials heated to 700°C, p-type resistance changes were observed for both CO and O2 between 600 and 700°C, with no changes at 800°C, and background resistances approaching 95MΩ at 500°C. MWCNTs are demonstrated as potential materials for carbon monoxide sensing over the temperature range of 600–700°C, but not very suitable for sensing between 100 and 400°C, primarily because of the drift in the background. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - CO sensors
KW  - Combustion sensors
KW  - Harsh environment sensors
N1  - Accession Number: 34435752; Obirai, Joseph C. 1 Hunter, Gary 2 Dutta, Prabir K. 1; Email Address: dutta.1@osu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Center for Industrial Sensors and Measurements, 100 West 18th Avenue, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1178, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Sep2008, Vol. 134 Issue 2, p640; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harsh environment sensors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2008.06.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34435752&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Summers, Richard
AU  - Coleman, Thomas
AU  - Steven, Platts
AU  - Martin, David
T1  - Systems analysis of the mechanisms of cardiac diastolic function changes after microgravity exposure
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 63
IS  - 7-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 722
EP  - 726
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Detailed information concerning cardiac function was collected by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography at 10 days before flight and after landing in astronauts returning from shuttle missions. A comparative analysis of this data suggests that cardiac diastolic function is reduced after microgravity exposure with little or no change in systolic function as measured by ejection fraction However, the mechanisms responsible for these adaptations have not been determined. In this study, an integrative computer model of human physiology that forms the framework for the Digital Astronaut Project (Guyton/Coleman/Summers Model) was used in a systems analysis of the echocardiographic data in the context of general cardiovascular physiologic functioning. The physiologic mechanisms involved in the observed changes were then determined by a dissection of model interrelationships. The systems analysis of possible physiologic mechanisms involved reveals that a loss of fluid from the myocardial interstitial space may lead to a stiffening of the myocardium and could potentially result in some of the cardiac diastolic dysfunction seen postflight. The cardiovascular dynamics may be different during spaceflight. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - Diastolic function
KW  - Digital Astronaut
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 33629521; Summers, Richard 1; Email Address: rsummers@pol.net Coleman, Thomas 1 Steven, Platts 2 Martin, David 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  3: Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 63 Issue 7-10, p722; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diastolic function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital Astronaut; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33629521&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scheuring, Richard
AU  - Conkin, Johnny
AU  - Jones, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Gernhardt, Michael L.
T1  - Risk assessment of physiological effects of atmospheric composition and pressure in Constellation vehicles
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 63
IS  - 7-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 727
EP  - 739
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Introduction: To limit the risk of fire and reduce denitrogenation time to prevent decompression sickness to support frequent extravehicular activities on the Moon, a hypobaric and mildly hypoxic (, 32% living environment is considered for the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM). With acute change in from at standard vehicular operating pressure to less than at desired lunar surface vehicular operating pressures, there is the possibility that some crewmembers may develop symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS). The signs and symptoms of AMS (headache plus nausea, dizziness, fatigue, or sleeplessness) could impact crew health and performance on lunar surface missions. Methods: We performed a literature review on the topic of the physiological effects of reduced and absolute pressure. The results of nine studies were evaluated. Results: There is evidence for an absolute pressure effect per se on AMS, so the higher the altitude for a given hypoxic alveolar oxygen partial pressure , the greater the AMS response is. Between 7% and 25% of adults may experience mild AMS near 2000m altitude following a rapid ascent from sea level while breathing air (6500 ft, acute . The operational experience with the Shuttle staged denitrogenation protocol at (3048m) while breathing 26.5% (acute in astronauts adapting to microgravity suggests a similar likely experience in the proposed CEV environment. Conclusions: We believe the risk of mild AMS is greater given a of at 4876m altitude while breathing 32% than at 1828m altitude while breathing 21% . Only susceptible astronauts would develop mild and transient AMS with prolonged exposure to 414mmHg (4876m) while breathing 32% (acute ). So the following may be employed for operational risk reduction: (1) develop procedures to increase as needed in the CEV, and use a gradual or staged reduction in cabin pressure during lunar outbound; (2) train crews for symptoms of hypoxia, to allow early recognition and consider pre-adaptation of crews to a hypoxic environment prior to launch; (3) consider prophylactic acetazolamide for acute pressure changes and be prepared to treat any AMS associated symptoms early with both carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and supplemental oxygen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - INVESTMENT analysis
KW  - RISK management in business
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - Acute Mountain Sickness
KW  - Blood viscosity
KW  - Hypoxia
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Spacecraft atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 33629523; Scheuring, Richard 1; Email Address: richard.a.scheuring@nasa.gov Conkin, Johnny 2 Jones, Jeffrey A. 1 Gernhardt, Michael L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway/SD4, Houston, TX, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 63 Issue 7-10, p727; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: INVESTMENT analysis; Subject Term: RISK management in business; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acute Mountain Sickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blood viscosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypoxia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft atmospheres; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.02.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33629523&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Summers, Richard
AU  - Coleman, Thomas
AU  - Meck, Janice
T1  - Development of the Digital Astronaut Project for the analysis of the mechanisms of physiologic adaptation to microgravity: Validation of the cardiovascular system module
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 63
IS  - 7-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 758
EP  - 762
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The physiologic adaptation of humans to the microgravity environment is complex and requires an integrative perspective to fully understand the mechanisms involved. A large computer model of human systems physiology provides the framework for the development of the Digital Astronaut to be used by NASA in the analysis of adaptive mechanisms. While project expansion is ongoing to include all relevant systems, we describe the validation results of the cardiovascular phase of model development. The cardiovascular aspects of the model were validated by benchmark comparisons to published literature findings of changes in left ventricular mass, right atrial pressure and plasma volumes. Computer simulations using the model predicted microgravity induced changes in the target endpoints within statistical validity of experimental findings. Therefore, the current cardiovascular portion of the Digital Astronaut Project computer model appears to accurately predict observed microgravity induced physiologic adaptations. The ongoing process of model development to include all spaceflight relevant systems will require similar validations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR system
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Computer model
KW  - Digital Astronaut
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 33629526; Summers, Richard 1; Email Address: rsummers@pol.net Coleman, Thomas 1 Meck, Janice 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 North State Street, Jackson, MS, USA  2: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Office, Space and Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 63 Issue 7-10, p758; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR system; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital Astronaut; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.12.054
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33629526&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scheuring, Richard A.
AU  - Jones, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Novak, Joseph D.
AU  - Polk, James D.
AU  - Gillis, David B.
AU  - Schmid, Josef
AU  - Duncan, James M.
AU  - Davis, Jeffrey R.
T1  - The Apollo Medical Operations Project: Recommendations to improve crew health and performance for future exploration missions and lunar surface operations
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 63
IS  - 7-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 980
EP  - 987
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Introduction: Medical requirements for the future crew exploration vehicle (CEV), lunar surface access module (LSAM), advanced extravehicular activity (EVA) suits, and Lunar habitat are currently being developed within the exploration architecture. While much is known about the vehicle and lunar surface activities during Apollo, relatively little is known about whether the hardware, systems, or environment impacted crew health or performance during these missions. Also, inherent to the proposed aggressive surface activities is the potential risk of injury to crewmembers. The Space Medicine Division at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) requested a study in December 2005 to identify Apollo mission issues relevant to medical operations impacting crew health and/or performance during a lunar mission. The goals of this project were to develop or modify medical requirements for new vehicles and habitats, create a centralized database for future access, and share relevant Apollo information with various working groups participating in the exploration effort. Methods: A review of medical operations during Apollo missions 7–17 was conducted. Ten categories of hardware, systems, or crew factors were identified during preliminary data review generating 655 data records which were captured in an database. The preliminary review resulted in 285 questions. The questions were posed to surviving Apollo crewmembers using mail, face-to-face meetings, phone communications, or online interactions. Results: Fourteen of 22 surviving Apollo astronauts (64%) participated in the project. This effort yielded 107 recommendations for future vehicles, habitats, EVA suits, and lunar surface operations. Conclusions: To date, the Apollo Medical Operations recommendations are being incorporated into the exploration mission architecture at various levels and a centralized database has been developed. The Apollo crewmember''s input has proved to be an invaluable resource. We will continue soliciting input from this group as we continue to evolve and refine requirements for the future exploration missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - ELECTRONIC information resources
KW  - DATABASE marketing
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - Apollo
KW  - Astronauts
KW  - EVA
KW  - Lunar surface operations
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 33629553; Scheuring, Richard A. 1; Email Address: richard.a.scheuring@nasa.gov Jones, Jeffrey A. 1 Novak, Joseph D. 2 Polk, James D. 1 Gillis, David B. 1 Schmid, Josef 1 Duncan, James M. 1 Davis, Jeffrey R. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway/SD, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: University of Chicago, Pritzker School of Medicine, 924 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 63 Issue 7-10, p980; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC information resources; Subject Term: DATABASE marketing; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apollo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronauts; Author-Supplied Keyword: EVA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar surface operations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541619 Other management consulting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541613 Marketing Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.12.065
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=33629553&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - Rummel, John D.
T1  - Planetary protection for humans in space: Mars and the Moon
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 63
IS  - 7-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1030
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: When searching for life beyond Earth, the unique capabilities provided by human astronauts will only be advantageous if the biological contamination associated with human presence is monitored and minimized. Controlling biological contamination during planetary exploration is termed ‘planetary protection,’ and will be a critical element in the human exploration of other solar system bodies. To ensure the safety and health of the astronauts and the Earth, while preserving science value, planetary protection considerations must be incorporated from the earliest stages of mission planning and development. Issues of concern to planetary protection involve both ‘forward contamination,’ which is the contamination of other solar system bodies by Earth microbes and organic materials, and ‘backward contamination,’ which is the contamination of Earth systems by potential alien life. Forward contamination concerns include contamination that might invalidate current or future scientific exploration of a particular solar system body, and that may disrupt the planetary environment or a potential endogenous (alien) ecosystem. Backward contamination concerns include both immediate and long-term effects on the health of the astronaut explorers from possible biologically active materials encountered during exploration, as well as the possible contamination of the Earth. A number of national and international workshops held over the last seven years have generated a consensus regarding planetary protection policies and requirements for human missions to Mars, and a 2007 workshop held by NASA has considered the issues and benefits to planetary protection that might be offered by a return to the Moon. Conclusions from these workshops recognize that some degree of forward contamination associated with human astronaut explorers is inevitable. Nonetheless, the principles and policies of planetary protection, developed by COSPAR in conformance with the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, can and should be followed when humans are exploring space. Implementation guidelines include documenting and minimizing contamination of the exploration targets, protection at the most stringent levels for any target locations in which Earth life might grow, protection of humans from exposure to untested planetary materials, and preventing harmful contamination of the Earth as the highest priority for all missions. These considerations should be incorporated in planning for future human exploration missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
N1  - Accession Number: 33629558; Conley, Catharine A.; Email Address: cassie.conley@nasa.gov Rummel, John D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate 3X63, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 63 Issue 7-10, p1025; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.03.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duncan, J.M.
AU  - Bogomolov, V.V.
AU  - Castrucci, F.
AU  - Koike, Y.
AU  - Comtois, J.M.
AU  - Sargsyan, A.E.
T1  - Organization and management of the International Space Station (ISS) multilateral medical operations
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 63
IS  - 7-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1137
EP  - 1147
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The goal of this work is to review the principles, design, and function of the ISS multilateral medical authority and the medical support system of the ISS Program. Multilateral boards and panels provide operational framework for, direct, and supervise the ISS joint medical operational activities. The integrated medical group (IMG) provides front-line medical support of the crews. Results of ongoing activities are reviewed weekly by physician managers. A broader status review is conducted monthly to project the state of crew health and medical support for the following month. All boards, panels, and groups function effectively and without interruptions. Consensus prevails as the primary nature of decisions made by all ISS medical groups, including the ISS medical certification board. The sustained efforts of all partners have resulted in favorable medical outcomes of the initial 15 long-duration expeditions. The medical support system appears to be mature and ready for further expansion of the roles of all Partners, and for the anticipated increase in the size of ISS crews. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - INTERNATIONAL agencies
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - SPACE medicine
KW  - Aerospace medicine
KW  - Certification
KW  - Extraterrestrial environment
KW  - International cooperation
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - Weightlessness countermeasure
N1  - Accession Number: 33629575; Duncan, J.M. 1 Bogomolov, V.V. 2 Castrucci, F. 3 Koike, Y. 4 Comtois, J.M. 5 Sargsyan, A.E. 6; Email Address: asargsyan@wylehou.com; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, State Research Center of the Russian Federation, 76-A Khoroshevskoye sh., Moscow 123007, Russia  3: European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany  4: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba Space Center, 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan  5: Canadian Space Agency, 6767 route de l’Aeroport, Saint-Hubert, Que., Canada J3Y 8Y9  6: Wyle, 1290 Hercules Dr. Ste 103, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 63 Issue 7-10, p1137; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL agencies; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: SPACE medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Certification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: International cooperation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weightlessness countermeasure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911410 Foreign affairs; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.12.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Driver, David M.
AU  - Drake, Aaron
T1  - Skin-Friction Measurements Using Oil-Film Interferometry in NASA's 11-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2401
EP  - 2401
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Skin-friction measurements were obtained on two laminar flow airfoils in the NASA Ames 11-ft transonic wind tunnel using oil-film interferometry. Improvements in the experimental technique allowed skin-friction measurements at two conditions per run in conjunction with performance testing, thus reducing the impact on the run schedule. Quantitative measurements of skin friction were used to determine transition location and the extent of separation (if any) on the airfoils providing much more insight into the flow than flow viz. The technique has been extended to obtain a quantitative measure of shear in the reversed flow region. The effects of various disturbances to the boundary layer were also investigated. Laminar flow was found as far back as 60% chord at a Reynolds number of 4:5 × 106. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - TRANSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - LIQUID films
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 34609668; Driver, David M. 1; Email Address: M.Driver@nasa.gov Drake, Aaron 2; Email Address: Drake@ngc.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.  2: Northrop Grumman Corporation, El Segundo, California 90245.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p2401; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: TRANSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: LIQUID films; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, Travis L.
AU  - Cabell, Randolph H.
AU  - Cano, Roberto J.
AU  - Silcox, Richard J.
T1  - Development of a Preliminary Model-Scale Adaptive Jet Engine Chevron.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2545
EP  - 2545
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Reduction of jet noise continues to be an important research topic. Exhaust-nozzle chevrons have been shown to reduce jet noise, but parametric effects, including immersion amount and azimuthal distribution, are not well understood. Additionally, thrust loss due to static chevrons at cruise suggests a significant benefit from deployable chevrons. The focus of this study is the development of an adaptive-chevron concept for the primary purpose of parametric studies for jet noise reduction in the laboratory and secondarily for development of technology that can be leveraged for full-scale systems. The adaptive-chevron concept employed in this work consists of a laminated composite structure with embedded shape memory alloy actuators. The actuators are embedded on one side of the middle surface such that joule heating of the actuators causes them to attempt recovery of prestrain, thereby generating a moment and deflecting the structure. A brief description of the chevron design is given followed by details of the fabrication approach. Results from bench-top tests are presented and correlated with numerical predictions from a model for such structures that was previously implemented in MSC.Nastran and ABAQUS. Excellent performance and agreement with predictions is demonstrated. Results from tests in a representative flow environment are also presented. Excellent performance is again achieved for both open- and closed-loop tests, the latter demonstrating control of deflection to a specified immersion into the flow. The actuation authority and immersion performance is shown to be relatively insensitive to nozzle pressure ratio. Very repeatable immersion control with modest power requirements is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET engines
KW  - JET nozzles
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - HEATING
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 34609681; Turner, Travis L. 1; Email Address: t.l.turner@nasa.gov Cabell, Randolph H. 2 Cano, Roberto J. 2 Silcox, Richard J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Structural Acoustics Branch, Building 1208, Room 110, Mail Stop 463, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p2545; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: JET nozzles; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: PRESSURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jack J. McNamara
AU  - Peretz P. Friedmann
AU  - Kenneth G. Powell
AU  - Biju J. Thuruthimattam
AU  - Robert E. Bartels
T1  - Aeroelastic and Aerothermoelastic Behavior in Hypersonic Flow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2591
EP  - 2591
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The testing of aeroelastically and aerothermoelastically scaled wind-tunnel models in hypersonic flow is not feasible; thus, computational aeroelasticity and aerothermoelasticity are essential to the development of hypersonic vehicles. Several fundamental issues in this area are examined by performing a systematic computational study of the hypersonic aeroelastic and aerothermoelastic behavior of a three-dimensional configuration. Specifically, the flutter boundary of a low-aspect-ratio wing, representative of a fin or control surface on a hypersonic vehicle, is studied over a range of altitudes using third-order piston theory and Euler and Navier-Stokes aerodynamics. The sensitivity of the computational-fluid-dynamics-based aeroelastic analysis to grid resolution and parameters governing temporal accuracy are considered. In general, good agreement at moderate-to-high altitudes was observed for the three aerodynamic models. However, the wing flutters at unrealistic Machnumbers in the absence of aerodynamic heating. Therefore, because aerodynamic heating is an inherent feature of hypersonic flight and the aeroelastic behavior of a vehicle is sensitive to structural variations caused by heating, an aerothermoelastic methodology is developed that incorporates the heat transfer between the fluid and structure based on computational-fluid-dynamics-generated aerodynamic heating. The aerothermoelastic solution procedure is then applied to the low-aspect-ratio wing operating on a representative hypersonic trajectory. In the latter study, the sensitivity of the flutter margin to perturbations in trajectory angle of attack and Mach number is considered. Significant reductions in the flutter boundary of the heated wing are observed. The wing is also found to be susceptible to thermal buckling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - THERMOELASTICITY
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 34609685; Jack J. McNamara 1 Peretz P. Friedmann 2 Kenneth G. Powell 3 Biju J. Thuruthimattam 4 Robert E. Bartels 5; Affiliation:  1: Currently Assistant Professor, Aerospace Engineering Department, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.  2: François-Xavier Bagnoud Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.  3: Arthur F. Thurnau Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109.  4: Postdoctoral Scholar, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109  5: Currently Associate, Portfolio Management Group, BlackRock, Inc., New York, NY, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.00; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p2591; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shvedova, A. A.
AU  - Kisin, E.
AU  - Murray, A. R.
AU  - Johnson, V. J.
AU  - Gorelik, O.
AU  - Arepalli, S.
AU  - Hubbs, A. F.
AU  - Mercer, R. R.
AU  - Keohavong, P.
AU  - Sussman, N.
AU  - Jin, J.
AU  - Yin, J.
AU  - Stone, S.
AU  - Chen, B. T.
AU  - ' G. Deye
AU  - Maynard, A.
AU  - Castranova, V.
AU  - Baron, P. A.
AU  - Kagan, V. E.
T1  - Inhalation vs. aspiration of single-walled carbon nanotubes in C57BL/6 mice: inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and mutagenesis.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - L552
EP  - L565
SN  - 10400605
AB  - Nanomaterials are frontier technological products used in different manufactured goods. Because of their unique physicochernical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are finding numerous applications in electronics, aerospace devices, computers, and chemical, polymer, and pharmaceutical industries. SWCNT are relatively recently discovered members of the carbon allotropes that are similar in structure to fullerenes and graphite. Previously, we (47) have reported that pharyngeal aspiration of purified SWCNT by C57BL/6 mice caused dose-dependent granulomatous pneumonia, oxidative stress, acute inflammatory/cytokine responses, fibrosis, and decrease in pulmonary function. To avoid potential artifactual effects due to instillation/agglomeration associated with SWCNT, we conducted inhalation exposures using stable and uniform SWCNT dispersions obtained by a newly developed aerosolization technique (2). The inhalation of nonpurified SWCNT (iron content of 17.7% by weight) at 5 mg/m², 5 h/day for 4 days was compared with pharyngeal aspiration of varying doses (5-20 µg per mouse) of the same SWCNT. The chain of pathological events in both exposure routes was realized through synergized interactions of early inflammatory response and oxidative stress culminating in the development of multifocal granulornatous pneumonia and interstitial fibrosis. SWCNT inhalation was more effective than aspiration in causing inflammatory response, oxidative stress, collagen deposition, and fibrosis as well as mutations of K-ras gene locus in the lung of C57BL/6 mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - FIBROSIS
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - MUTAGENESIS
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - lung disease
KW  - nanoparticles
N1  - Accession Number: 34989083; Shvedova, A. A. 1,2; Email Address: ats1@cdc.gov Kisin, E. 1 Murray, A. R. 1 Johnson, V. J. 3 Gorelik, O. 4,5 Arepalli, S. 4,5 Hubbs, A. F. 1 Mercer, R. R. 1,2 Keohavong, P. 6 Sussman, N. 6 Jin, J. 6 Yin, J. 6 Stone, S. 1 Chen, B. T. 1 ' G. Deye 7 Maynard, A. 8 Castranova, V. 1,2,6 Baron, P. A. 7 Kagan, V. E. 6; Affiliation:  1: Pathology and Physiology Research Branch  2: Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia  3: Toxicology and Molecular Biology Branch, Health Effects Laboratory Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)  4: Lockheed Martin, Engineering Directorate, Materials and Processes Branch  5: Nanotube Team, GB Tech, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  6: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania  7: Monitoring Research and Statistical Activity, Division of Applied Research and Technology, NIOSH, Cincinnati, Ohio  8: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Washington, District of Columbia; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 39 Issue 4, pL552; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: FIBROSIS; Subject Term: OXIDATIVE stress; Subject Term: MUTAGENESIS; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: lung disease; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoparticles; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajplung.90287.2008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jonathan I.  Lunine
AU  - Debra  Fischer
AU  - H.B.  Hammel
AU  - Thomas  Henning
AU  - Lynne  Hillenbrand
AU  - James  Kasting
AU  - Greg  Laughlin
AU  - Bruce  Macintosh
AU  - Mark  Marley
AU  - Gary  Melnick
AU  - David  Monet
AU  - Charley  Noecker
AU  - Stan  Peale
AU  - Andreas  Quirrenbach
AU  - Sara  Seager
AU  - Joshua N.  Winn
T1  - Worlds Beyond: A Strategy for the Detection and Characterization of Exoplanets Executive Summary of a Report of the ExoPlanet Task Force Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee Washington, DC June 23, 2008.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 875
EP  - 881
SN  - 15311074
N1  - Accession Number: 35873577; Jonathan I.  Lunine 1 Debra  Fischer 2 H.B.  Hammel 3 Thomas  Henning 4 Lynne  Hillenbrand 5 James  Kasting 6 Greg  Laughlin 7 Bruce  Macintosh 8 Mark  Marley 9 Gary  Melnick 10 David  Monet 11 Charley  Noecker 12 Stan  Peale 13 Andreas  Quirrenbach 14 Sara  Seager 15 Joshua N.  Winn 15; Affiliation:  1: The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.  2: San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California.  3: Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado.  4: Max Planck Institute, Heidelberg, Germany.  5: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.  6: Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.  7: University of California, Santa Cruz, California.  8: Lawrence Livermore Laboratories, Livermore, California.  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts.  11: United States Naval Observatory, Flagstaff, Arizona.  12: Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation, Boulder, Colorado.  13: University of California, Santa Barbara, California.  14: Landessternwarte Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.  15: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p875; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christopher P.  McKay
AU  - Carolyn C.  Porco
AU  - Travis  Altheide
AU  - Wanda L.  Davis
AU  - Timothy A.  Kral
T1  - The Possible Origin and Persistence of Life on Enceladus and Detection of Biomarkers in the Plume.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 909
EP  - 919
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractThe jets of icy particles and water vapor issuing from the south pole of Enceladus are evidence for activity driven by some geophysical energy source. The vapor has also been shown to contain simple organic compounds, and the south polar terrain is bathed in excess heat coming from below. The source of the ice and vapor, and the mechanisms that accelerate the material into space, remain obscure. However, it is possible that a liquid water environment exists beneath the south polar cap, which may be conducive to life. Several theories for the origin of life on Earth would apply to Enceladus. These are (1) origin in an organic-rich mixture, (2) origin in the redox gradient of a submarine vent, and (3) panspermia. There are three microbial ecosystems on Earth that do not rely on sunlight, oxygen, or organics produced at the surface and, thus, provide analogues for possible ecologies on Enceladus. Two of these ecosystems are found deep in volcanic rock, and the primary productivity is based on the consumption by methanogens of hydrogen produced by rock reactions with water. The third ecosystem is found deep below the surface in South Africa and is based on sulfur-reducing bacteria consuming hydrogen and sulfate, both of which are ultimately produced by radioactive decay. Methane has been detected in the plume of Enceladus and may be biological in origin. An indicator of biological origin may be the ratio of non-methane hydrocarbons to methane, which is very low (0.001) for biological sources but is higher (0.1–0.01) for nonbiological sources. Thus, Cassini's instruments may detect plausible evidence for life by analysis of hydrocarbons in the plume during close encounters. Astrobiology 8, 909–919. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANURE gases
KW  - BIOGAS
KW  - METHANE
KW  - BIOTIC communities
N1  - Accession Number: 35873575; Christopher P.  McKay 1 Carolyn C.  Porco 2 Travis  Altheide 3 Wanda L.  Davis 1 Timothy A.  Kral 3; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations, Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado.  3: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p909; Subject Term: MANURE gases; Subject Term: BIOGAS; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carol R.  Stoker
AU  - Howard N.  Cannon
AU  - Stephen E.  Dunagan
AU  - Lawrence G.  Lemke
AU  - Brian J.  Glass
AU  - David  Miller
AU  - Javier  Gomez-Elvira
AU  - Kiel  Davis
AU  - Jhony  Zavaleta
AU  - Alois  Winterholler
AU  - Matt  Roman
AU  - Jose Antonio  Rodriguez-Manfredi
AU  - Rosalba  Bonaccorsi
AU  - Mary Sue  Bell
AU  - Adrian  Brown
AU  - Melissa  Battler
AU  - Bin  Chen
AU  - George  Cooper
AU  - Mark  Davidson
AU  - David  Fernández-Remolar
T1  - The 2005 MARTE Robotic Drilling Experiment in Río Tinto, Spain: Objectives, Approach, and Results of a Simulated Mission to Search for Life in the Martian Subsurface.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 921
EP  - 945
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractThe Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) simulated a robotic drilling mission to search for subsurface life on Mars. The drill site was on Peña de Hierro near the headwaters of the Río Tinto river (southwest Spain), on a deposit that includes massive sulfides and their gossanized remains that resemble some iron and sulfur minerals found on Mars. The mission used a fluidless, 10-axis, autonomous coring drill mounted on a simulated lander. Cores were faced; then instruments collected color wide-angle context images, color microscopic images, visible–near infrared point spectra, and (lower resolution) visible–near infrared hyperspectral images. Cores were then stored for further processing or ejected. A borehole inspection system collected panoramic imaging and Raman spectra of borehole walls. Life detection was performed on full cores with an adenosine triphosphate luciferin-luciferase bioluminescence assay and on crushed core sections with SOLID2, an antibody array-based instrument. Two remotely located science teams analyzed the remote sensing data and chose subsample locations. In 30 days of operation, the drill penetrated to 6 m and collected 21 cores. Biosignatures were detected in 12 of 15 samples analyzed by SOLID2. Science teams correctly interpreted the nature of the deposits drilled as compared to the ground truth. This experiment shows that drilling to search for subsurface life on Mars is technically feasible and scientifically rewarding. Astrobiology 8, 921–945. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE robotics
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - RAMAN effect
N1  - Accession Number: 35873569; Carol R.  Stoker 1 Howard N.  Cannon 1 Stephen E.  Dunagan 1 Lawrence G.  Lemke 1 Brian J.  Glass 1 David  Miller 2 Javier  Gomez-Elvira 3 Kiel  Davis 4 Jhony  Zavaleta 1 Alois  Winterholler 2 Matt  Roman 2 Jose Antonio  Rodriguez-Manfredi 3 Rosalba  Bonaccorsi 1 Mary Sue  Bell 5 Adrian  Brown 6 Melissa  Battler 7 Bin  Chen 6 George  Cooper 8 Mark  Davidson 9 David  Fernández-Remolar 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: School of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.  3: Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC/INTA, Madrid, Spain.  4: Honeybee Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corporation, New York, New York.  5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  7: University of New Brunswick, Canada.  8: Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California.  9: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p921; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David P.  Miller
AU  - Rosalba  Bonaccorsi
AU  - Kiel  Davis
T1  - Design and Practices for Use of Automated Drilling and Sample Handling in MARTE While Minimizing Terrestrial and Cross Contamination.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 947
EP  - 965
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractMars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) investigators used an automated drill and sample processing hardware to detect and categorize life-forms found in subsurface rock at Río Tinto, Spain. For the science to be successful, it was necessary for the biomass from other sources—whether from previously processed samples (cross contamination) or the terrestrial environment (forward contamination)—to be insignificant. The hardware and practices used in MARTE were designed around this problem. Here, we describe some of the design issues that were faced and classify them into problems that are unique to terrestrial tests versus problems that would also exist for a system that was flown to Mars. Assessment of the biomass at various stages in the sample handling process revealed mixed results; the instrument design seemed to minimize cross contamination, but contamination from the surrounding environment sometimes made its way onto the surface of samples. Techniques used during the MARTE Río Tinto project, such as facing the sample, appear to remove this environmental contamination without introducing significant cross contamination from previous samples. Astrobiology 8, 947–965. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - MASS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 35873567; David P.  Miller 1 Rosalba  Bonaccorsi 2 Kiel  Davis 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.  2: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  3: Honeybee Robotics Spacecraft Mechanisms Corporation, New York.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p947; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: MASS (Physics); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosalba  Bonaccorsi
AU  - Carol R.  Stoker
T1  - Science Results from a Mars Drilling Simulation (Río Tinto, Spain) and Ground Truth for Remote Science Observations.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 967
EP  - 985
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractScience results from a field-simulated lander payload and post-mission laboratory investigations provided “ground truth” to interpret remote science observations made as part of the 2005 Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) drilling mission simulation. The experiment was successful in detecting evidence for life, habitability, and preservation potential of organics in a relevant astrobiological analogue of Mars.Science results. Borehole 7 was drilled near the Río Tinto headwaters at Peña de Hierro (Spain) in the upper oxidized remnant of an acid rock drainage system. Analysis of 29 cores (215 cm of core was recovered from 606 cm penetrated depth) revealed a matrix of goethite- (42–94) and hematite-rich (47–87) rocks with pockets of phyllosilicates (47–74) and fine- to coarse-grained loose material. Post-mission X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the range of hematite:goethite mixtures that were visually recognizable (∼1:1, ∼1:2, and ∼1:3 mixtures displayed a yellowish-red color whereas 3:1 mixtures displayed a dark reddish-brown color). Organic carbon was poorly preserved in hematite/goethite–rich materials (Corg<0.05 wt ) beneath the biologically active organic-rich soil horizon (Corg∼3–11 wt ) in contrast to the phyllosilicate-rich zones (Corg∼0.23 wt ).Ground truth vs. remote science analysis. Laboratory-based analytical results were compared to the analyses obtained by a Remote Science Team (RST) using a blind protocol. Ferric iron phases, lithostratigraphy, and inferred geologic history were correctly identified by the RST with the exception of phyllosilicate-rich materials that were misinterpreted as weathered igneous rock. Adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) luminometry, a tool available to the RST, revealed ATP amounts above background noise, i.e., 278–876 Relative Luminosity Units (RLUs) in only 6 cores, whereas organic carbon was detected in all cores. Our manned vs. remote observations based on automated acquisitions during the project provide insights for the preparation of future astrobiology-driven Mars missions. Astrobiology 8, 967–985. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDE minerals
KW  - IRON ores
KW  - HYDRAULIC engineering
KW  - SOIL horizons
N1  - Accession Number: 35873574; Rosalba  Bonaccorsi 1 Carol R.  Stoker 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p967; Subject Term: OXIDE minerals; Subject Term: IRON ores; Subject Term: HYDRAULIC engineering; Subject Term: SOIL horizons; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213117 Contract drilling (except oil and gas); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Víctor  Parro
AU  - Patricia  Fernández-Calvo
AU  - José A.  Rodríguez Manfredi
AU  - Mercedes  Moreno-Paz
AU  - Luis A.  Rivas
AU  - Miriam  García-Villadangos
AU  - Rosalba  Bonaccorsi
AU  - José Eduardo  González-Pastor
AU  - Olga  Prieto-Ballesteros
AU  - Andrew C.  Schuerger
AU  - Mark  Davidson
AU  - Javier  Gómez-Elvira
AU  - Carol R.  Stoker
T1  - SOLID2: An Antibody Array-Based Life-Detector Instrument in a Mars Drilling Simulation Experiment (MARTE).
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 987
EP  - 999
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractA field prototype of an antibody array-based life-detector instrument, Signs Of LIfe Detector (SOLID2), has been tested in a Mars drilling mission simulation called MARTE (Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment). As one of the analytical instruments on the MARTE robotic drilling rig, SOLID2 performed automatic sample processing and analysis of ground core samples (0.5 g) with protein microarrays that contained 157 different antibodies. Core samples from different depths (down to 5.5 m) were analyzed, and positive reactions were obtained in antibodies raised against the Gram-negative bacterium Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, a species of the genus Acidithiobacillus(both common microorganisms in the Río Tinto area), and extracts from biofilms and other natural samples from the Río Tinto area. These positive reactions were absent when the samples were previously subjected to a high-temperature treatment, which indicates the biological origin and structural dependency of the antibody-antigen reactions. We conclude that an antibody array-based life-detector instrument like SOLID2 can detect complex biological material, and it should be considered as a potential analytical instrument for future planetary missions that search for life. Astrobiology 8, 987–999. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMMUNOGLOBULINS
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SPACE robotics
KW  - BIOFILMS
N1  - Accession Number: 35873576; Víctor  Parro 1 Patricia  Fernández-Calvo 1 José A.  Rodríguez Manfredi 1 Mercedes  Moreno-Paz 1 Luis A.  Rivas 1 Miriam  García-Villadangos 1 Rosalba  Bonaccorsi 2 José Eduardo  González-Pastor 1 Olga  Prieto-Ballesteros 1 Andrew C.  Schuerger 3 Mark  Davidson 4 Javier  Gómez-Elvira 1 Carol R.  Stoker 2; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  3: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, Florida.  4: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p987; Subject Term: IMMUNOGLOBULINS; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Subject Term: BIOFILMS; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adrian J.  Brown
AU  - Brad  Sutter
AU  - Stephen  Dunagan
T1  - The MARTE VNIR Imaging Spectrometer Experiment: Design and Analysis.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1001
EP  - 1011
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractWe report on the design, operation, and data analysis methods employed on the VNIR imaging spectrometer instrument that was part of the Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE). The imaging spectrometer is a hyperspectral scanning pushbroom device sensitive to VNIR wavelengths from 400–1000 nm. During the MARTE project, the spectrometer was deployed to the Río Tinto region of Spain. We analyzed subsets of three cores from Río Tinto using a new band modeling technique. We found most of the MARTE drill cores to contain predominantly goethite, though spatially coherent areas of hematite were identified in Core 23. We also distinguished non Fe-bearing minerals that were subsequently analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and found to be primarily muscovite. We present drill core maps that include spectra of goethite, hematite, and non Fe-bearing minerals. Astrobiology 8, 1001–1011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - OXIDE minerals
KW  - IRON ores
KW  - SPACE biology
N1  - Accession Number: 35873568; Adrian J.  Brown 1,2 Brad  Sutter 2 Stephen  Dunagan 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p1001; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: OXIDE minerals; Subject Term: IRON ores; Subject Term: SPACE biology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213119 Other support activities for mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213117 Contract drilling (except oil and gas); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olga  Prieto-Ballesteros
AU  - Jesús  Martínez-Frías
AU  - John  Schutt
AU  - Brad  Sutter
AU  - Jennifer L.  Heldmann
AU  - Mary Sue  Bell
AU  - Melissa  Battler
AU  - Howard  Cannon
AU  - Javier  Gómez-Elvira
AU  - Carol R.  Stoker
T1  - The Subsurface Geology of Río Tinto: Material Examined During a Simulated Mars Drilling Mission for the Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE).
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1013
EP  - 1021
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractThe 2005 Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) project conducted a simulated 1-month Mars drilling mission in the Río Tinto district, Spain. Dry robotic drilling, core sampling, and biological and geological analytical technologies were collectively tested for the first time for potential use on Mars. Drilling and subsurface sampling and analytical technologies are being explored for Mars because the subsurface is the most likely place to find life on Mars. The objectives of this work are to describe drilling, sampling, and analytical procedures; present the geological analysis of core and borehole material; and examine lessons learned from the drilling simulation. Drilling occurred at an undisclosed location, causing the science team to rely only on mission data for geological and biological interpretations. Core and borehole imaging was used for micromorphological analysis of rock, targeting rock for biological analysis, and making decisions regarding the next day's drilling operations. Drilling reached 606 cm depth into poorly consolidated gossan that allowed only 35 of core recovery and contributed to borehole wall failure during drilling. Core material containing any indication of biology was sampled and analyzed in more detail for its confirmation. Despite the poorly consolidated nature of the subsurface gossan, dry drilling was able to retrieve useful core material for geological and biological analysis. Lessons learned from this drilling simulation can guide the development of dry drilling and subsurface geological and biological analytical technologies for future Mars drilling missions. Astrobiology 8, 1013–1021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - CORE materials
KW  - MOLDING materials
KW  - SPACE robotics
N1  - Accession Number: 35873573; Olga  Prieto-Ballesteros 1 Jesús  Martínez-Frías 1 John  Schutt 2 Brad  Sutter 3 Jennifer L.  Heldmann 4 Mary Sue  Bell 5 Melissa  Battler 6 Howard  Cannon 4 Javier  Gómez-Elvira 1 Carol R.  Stoker 4; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.  2: Mars Institute, NASA Research Park, Moffett Field, California.  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  5: Johnson Space Center, NASA, Houston, Texas.  6: University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p1013; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: CORE materials; Subject Term: MOLDING materials; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David C.  Fernández-Remolar
AU  - Olga  Prieto-Ballesteros
AU  - Nuria  Rodríguez
AU  - Felipe  Gómez
AU  - Ricardo  Amils
AU  - Javier  Gómez-Elvira
AU  - Carol R.  Stoker
T1  - Underground Habitats in the Río Tinto Basin: A Model for Subsurface Life Habitats on Mars.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1023
EP  - 1047
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractA search for evidence of cryptic life in the subsurface region of a fractured Paleozoic volcanosedimentary deposit near the source waters of the Río Tinto River (Iberian pyrite belt, southwest Spain) was carried out by Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) project investigators in 2003 and 2004. This conventional deep-drilling experiment is referred to as the MARTE ground truth drilling project. Boreholes were drilled at three sites, and samples from extracted cores were analyzed with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Core leachates were analyzed with ion chromatography, and borehole fluids were analyzed with ion and gas chromatography. Key variables of the groundwater system (e.g., pO2, pH, and salinity) exhibit huge ranges probably due to surficial oxygenation of overall reducing waters, physical mixing of waters, and biologically mediated water-rock interactions. Mineral distribution is mainly driven by the pH of subsurface solutions, which range from highly acidic to neutral. Borehole fluids contain dissolved gases such as CO2, CH4, and H2. SEM-EDS analyses of core samples revealed evidence of microbes attacking pyrite. The Río Tinto alteration mechanisms may be similar to subsurface weathering of the martian crust and provide insights into the possible (bio)geochemical cycles that may have accompanied underground habitats in extensive early Mars volcanic regions and associated sulfide ores. Astrobiology 8, 1023–1047. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis
KW  - PERMEABILITY
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 35873570; David C.  Fernández-Remolar 1 Olga  Prieto-Ballesteros 1 Nuria  Rodríguez 1 Felipe  Gómez 1 Ricardo  Amils 1,2 Javier  Gómez-Elvira 1 Carol R.  Stoker 3; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.  2: Centro de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p1023; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brad  Sutter
AU  - Adrian J.  Brown
AU  - Carol R.  Stoker
T1  - Visible–Near Infrared Point Spectrometry of Drill Core Samples from Río Tinto, Spain: Results from the 2005 Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) Drilling Exercise.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1049
EP  - 1060
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractSampling of subsurface rock may be required to detect evidence of past biological activity on Mars. The Mars Astrobiology Research and Technology Experiment (MARTE) utilized the Río Tinto region, Spain, as a Mars analog site to test dry drilling technologies specific to Mars that retrieve subsurface rock for biological analysis. This work examines the usefulness of visible–near infrared (VNIR) (450–1000 nm) point spectrometry to characterize ferric iron minerals in core material retrieved during a simulated Mars drilling mission. VNIR spectrometry can indicate the presence of aqueously precipitated ferric iron minerals and, thus, determine whether biological analysis of retrieved rock is warranted. Core spectra obtained during the mission with T1 (893–897 nm) and T2 (644–652 nm) features indicate goethite-dominated samples, while relatively lower wavelength T1 (832–880 nm) features indicate hematite. Hematite/goethite molar ratios varied from 0 to 1.4, and within the 880–898 nm range, T1 features were used to estimate hematite/goethite molar ratios. Post-mission X-ray analysis detected phyllosilicates, which indicates that examining beyond the VNIR (e.g., shortwave infrared, 1000–2500 nm) will enhance the detection of other minerals formed by aqueous processes. Despite the limited spectral range of VNIR point spectrometry utilized in the MARTE Mars drilling simulation project, ferric iron minerals could be identified in retrieved core material, and their distribution served to direct core subsampling for biological analysis. Astrobiology 8, 1049–1060. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - MOLDING materials
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 35873572; Brad  Sutter 1 Adrian J.  Brown 1,2 Carol R.  Stoker 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p1049; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: MOLDING materials; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - The gas-phase catalytic formation of H2 by cations
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 463
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 329
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: We study the catalytic formation of H2 by using high levels of theory. The first step involves the addition of an H atom to form . The second H addition reaction yields , which has the form . Both of these reactions are exothermic and have no reaction barriers. The final step is the loss of H2, which has no barrier in excess of the reaction energy. Because the reaction of is significantly more exothermic than the loss of H2 from is endothermic, the loss of H2 will not be a bottleneck to the catalytic formation of H2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHASE rule & equilibrium
KW  - CATALYSIS
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - ADDITION reactions
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing)
N1  - Accession Number: 34534076; Ricca, Alessandra 1; Email Address: Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov Bauschlicher, Charles W. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  2: Space Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 463 Issue 4-6, p327; Subject Term: PHASE rule & equilibrium; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: ADDITION reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: BOTTLENECKS (Manufacturing); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.08.069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Gross, Peggy
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
T1  - Storage of carbon in U.S. forests predicted from satellite data, ecosystem modeling, and inventory summaries.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 269
EP  - 282
SN  - 01650009
AB  - A plant and soil simulation model based on satellite observations of vegetation and climate data was used to estimate the potential carbon pools in standing wood biomass across all forest ecosystems of the conterminous United States up to the year 1997. These modeled estimates of vegetative carbon potential were compared to aggregated measurements of standing wood biomass from the U. S. Forest Service’s national Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) data set and the Carbon Online Estimator (COLE) to understand: 1) predominant geographic variations in tree growth rate and 2) local land cover and land use history including the time since the last stand-replacing disturbance (e.g., from wildfire or harvest). Results suggest that although wood appears to be accumulating at high rates in many areas of the U.S. (Northwest and Southeast), there are still extensive areas of relatively low biomass forest in the late 1990s according to FIA records. We attribute these low biomass accumulation levels to the high frequency of disturbances, which can be observed even in high production areas such as the Southeast due to frequent forest harvests. Ecosystem models like the one presented in this study have been coupled with satellite observations of land cover and green plant density to uniquely differentiate areas with a high potential for vegetative carbon storage at relatively fine spatial resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Forest Service
N1  - Accession Number: 35076751; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: cpotter@mail.arc.nasa.gov Gross, Peggy 2 Klooster, Steven 2 Fladeland, Matthew 1 Genovese, Vanessa 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 90 Issue 3, p269; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Forest Service; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10584-008-9462-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Takahashi, Fumiaki
AU  - Linteris, Gregory T.
AU  - Katta, Viswanath R.
T1  - Extinguishment of methane diffusion flames by carbon dioxide in coflow air and oxygen-enriched microgravity environments
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 155
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 37
EP  - 53
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Microgravity experiments and computations have been conducted to elucidate stabilization and extinguishment mechanisms of methane diffusion flames, in the cup-burner configuration, with CO2 added gradually to a coflowing air or oxygen-enriched stream. The minimum extinguishing concentration of CO2 under low oxidizer velocities (<20 cm/s) was measured in microgravity achieved by parabolic flights of the NASA Reduced Gravity Aircraft. Transient computations with full chemistry and a gray-gas radiation model were performed to reveal the detailed flame structure and extinguishment processes. To compensate for the overestimation of radiative heat losses at high concentrations of radiating CO2, the Planck mean absorption coefficient was multiplied by a correction factor (). The fuel-lean peak reactivity spot (the so-called reaction kernel) at the flame base stabilized the trailing diffusion flame. The calculated temperature along the trailing flame decreased downstream due to radiative cooling, leading to local extinction at <1300 K and flame tip opening. As CO2 was added to the oxidizer: (1) the calculated maximum flame temperature decreased toward a threshold (≈1600 K); (2) the reaction kernel weakened (i.e., lower heat release rate) but nonetheless remained at a nearly constant temperature (≈1450 K); (3) the flame base stabilized increasingly higher above the burner rim, parallel to the axis; until finally, (4) blowoff-type extinguishment occurred. In the lifted flame, the broadened reaction kernel supported a super-lean reaction branch on the oxidizer side as well as the trailing diffusion flame on the fuel-rich side (no triple flame structure was formed). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - METHANE
KW  - FIRE extinction
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Diffusion flame stabilization
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Reaction kernel
KW  - Spacecraft fire suppression
N1  - Accession Number: 34650494; Takahashi, Fumiaki 1; Email Address: fxt13@case.edu Linteris, Gregory T. 2 Katta, Viswanath R. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research on Fluids and Combustion, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Fire Research Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA  3: Innovative Scientific Solutions Inc., 2766 Indian Ripple Road, Dayton, OH 45440, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 155 Issue 1/2, p37; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flame stabilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction kernel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft fire suppression; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.03.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sako, T.
AU  - Sekiguchi, T.
AU  - Sasaki, M.
AU  - Okajima, K.
AU  - Abe, F.
AU  - Bond, I.
AU  - Hearnshaw, J.
AU  - Itow, Y.
AU  - Kamiya, K.
AU  - Kilmartin, P.
AU  - Masuda, K.
AU  - Matsubara, Y.
AU  - Muraki, Y.
AU  - Rattenbury, N.
AU  - Sullivan, D.
AU  - Sumi, T.
AU  - Tristram, P.
AU  - Yanagisawa, T.
AU  - Yock, P.
T1  - MOA-cam3: a wide-field mosaic CCD camera for a gravitational microlensing survey in New Zealand.
JO  - Experimental Astronomy
JF  - Experimental Astronomy
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 22
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 66
SN  - 09226435
AB  - We have developed a wide-field mosaic CCD camera, MOA-cam3, mounted at the prime focus of the Microlensing Observations in Astrophysics (MOA) 1.8-m telescope. The camera consists of ten E2V CCD4482 chips, each having 2k×4k pixels, and covers a 2.2 deg2 field of view with a single exposure. The optical system is well optimized to realize uniform image quality over this wide field. The chips are constantly cooled by a cryocooler at − 80° C, at which temperature dark current noise is negligible for a typical 1–3 min exposure. The CCD output charge is converted to a 16-bit digital signal by the GenIII system (Astronomical Research Cameras Inc.) and readout is within 25 s. Readout noise of 2–3 ADU (rms) is also negligible. We prepared a wide-band red filter for an effective microlensing survey and also Bessell V, I filters for standard astronomical studies. Microlensing studies have entered into a new era, which requires more statistics, and more rapid alerts to catch exotic light curves. Our new system is a powerful tool to realize both these requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Astronomy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - CHARGE coupled devices
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - ELECTRIC noise
KW  - RATITES
KW  - NEW Zealand
KW  - CCD cameras
KW  - Gravitational microlensing
KW  - Wide-field survey telescope
N1  - Accession Number: 36169372; Sako, T. 1; Email Address: sako@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp Sekiguchi, T. 1 Sasaki, M. 1 Okajima, K. 1 Abe, F. 1 Bond, I. 2 Hearnshaw, J. 3 Itow, Y. 1 Kamiya, K. 1 Kilmartin, P. 3 Masuda, K. 1 Matsubara, Y. 1 Muraki, Y. 1 Rattenbury, N. 4 Sullivan, D. 5 Sumi, T. 1 Tristram, P. 3 Yanagisawa, T. 6,7 Yock, P. 8; Affiliation:  1: Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory , Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8601 Japan  2: Institute for Information and Mathematical Sciences , Massey University , Auckland New Zealand  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of Canterbury , Christchurch New Zealand  4: Jodrell Bank Observatory , The University of Manchester , Macclesfield UK  5: School of Chemical and Physical Sciences , Victoria University , Wellington New Zealand  6: Advanced Space Technology Research Group, Institute of Aerospace Technology, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tokyo, Japan  7: Orbital Debris Program Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Washington, DC, USA  8: Department of Physics , University of Auckland , Auckland New Zealand; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 22 Issue 1/2, p51; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: CHARGE coupled devices; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: ELECTRIC noise; Subject Term: RATITES; Subject Term: NEW Zealand; Author-Supplied Keyword: CCD cameras; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravitational microlensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wide-field survey telescope; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112390 Other Poultry Production; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10686-007-9082-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Soderblom, Larry A.
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
AU  - Le Mouélic, Stephané
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Soderblom, Jason
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Wagner, Roland
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - Rodriguez, Sebastien
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Nicholson, Phil D.
AU  - Griffith, Caitlin A.
AU  - Langhans, Mirjam
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph D.
T1  - Fluvial erosion and post-erosional processes on Titan
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 197
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 526
EP  - 538
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The surface of Titan has been revealed by Cassini observations in the infrared and radar wavelength ranges as well as locally by the Huygens lander instruments. Sand seas, recently discovered lakes, distinct landscapes and dendritic erosion patterns indicate dynamic surface processes. This study focus on erosional and depositional features that can be used to constrain the amount of liquids involved in the erosional process as well as on the compositional characteristics of depositional areas. Fluvial erosion channels on Titan as identified at the Huygens landing site and in RADAR and Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observations have been compared to analogous channel widths on Earth yielding average discharges of up to 1600 m3/s for short recurrence intervals that are sufficient to move centimeter-sized sediment and significantly higher discharges for long intervals. With respect to the associated drainage areas, this roughly translates to 1–150 cm/day runoff production rates with 10 years recurrence intervals and by assuming precipitation this implies 0.6–60 mm/h rainfall rates. Thus the observed surface erosion fits with the methane convective storm models as well as with the rates needed to transport sediment. During Cassini''s T20 fly-by, the VIMS observed an extremely eroded area at 30° W, 7° S with resolutions of up to 500 m/pixel that extends over thousands of square kilometers. The spectral characteristics of this area change systematically, reflecting continuous compositional and/or particle size variations indicative of transported sediment settling out while flow capacities cease. To account for the estimated runoff production and widespread alluvial deposits of fine-grained material, release of area-dependent large fluid volumes are required. Only frequent storms with heavy rainfall or cryovolcanic induced melting can explain these erosional features. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EROSION
KW  - POLYWATER
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Ices
KW  - satellites ( Saturn )
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - surfaces ( Satellites )
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 34446405; Jaumann, Ralf 1,2; Email Address: ralf.jaumann@dlr.de Brown, Robert H. 3 Stephan, Katrin 1 Barnes, Jason W. 3 Soderblom, Larry A. 4 Sotin, Christophe 5 Le Mouélic, Stephané 5 Clark, Roger N. 6 Soderblom, Jason 3 Buratti, Bonnie J. 7 Wagner, Roland 1 McCord, Thomas B. 8 Rodriguez, Sebastien 5 Baines, Kevin H. 7 Cruikshank, Dale P. 9 Nicholson, Phil D. 10 Griffith, Caitlin A. 3 Langhans, Mirjam 1 Lorenz, Ralph D. 11; Affiliation:  1: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  2: Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Geosciences, Free University, Berlin, Germany  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA  5: University of Nantes, 44072 Nantes Cedex 3, France  6: US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: Bear Fight Center, 22 Fiddler's Rd., Winthrop, WA 98862-0667, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  10: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  11: Space Department, John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 197 Issue 2, p526; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: POLYWATER; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites ( Saturn ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces ( Satellites ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.06.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anagnostou, Marios N.
AU  - Nystuen, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Anagnostou, Emmanouil N.
AU  - Nikolopoulos, Efthymios I.
AU  - Amitai, Eyal
T1  - Evaluation of Underwater Rainfall Measurements During the Ionian Sea Rainfall Experiment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/10//Oct2008 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2936
EP  - 2946
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Rainfall on the sea surface generates a loud and distinctive sound underwater. This sound propagates downward and attenuates, producing an effective listening area or an equivalent "catchment basin" for a listening device that is a function of depth and frequency. Acoustical measurements of rainfall are reported from four passive aquatic listeners (PALs) at 60-, 200-, 1000-, and 2000-m depths from a mooring in the Ionian Sea off the southwestern coast of Greece (37N, 21.5E) from January to April 2004. These measurements are compared to colocated high-resolution X-band dual-polarization (XPOL) radar rainfall measurements. The XPOL radar reports the spatial distribution of rainfall variability over the listening areas of the PALs. Four quality-controlled rainfall events, including drizzle, squall line, and heavy rainfall, are presented in this study. The radar rainfall is spatially averaged over the mooring and compared with the four different acoustic measurements at different depths. To understand the issue of spatial averaging, quantitative comparisons are presented, showing a high correlation between the acoustic measurements and the area-averaged radar estimates at corresponding resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADAR
KW  - SQUALL lines
KW  - FRONTS (Meteorology)
KW  - STORMS
KW  - HYDROMETEOROLOGY
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - Radar measurements
KW  - rainfall
KW  - sound level
KW  - underwater acoustical measurements
KW  - X-band dual-polarization (XPOL) radar
N1  - Accession Number: 35294148; Anagnostou, Marios N. 1; Email Address: managnostou@ath.hcmr.gr Nystuen, Jeffrey A. 2 Anagnostou, Emmanouil N. 1,3 Nikolopoulos, Efthymios I. 1,3 Amitai, Eyal 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Inland Waters, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, 19013 Anavissos, Greece.  2: Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98 105-6698 USA.  3: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-2037 USA.  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Canter, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  5: Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866 USA.; Source Info: Oct2008 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p2936; Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: SQUALL lines; Subject Term: FRONTS (Meteorology); Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: HYDROMETEOROLOGY; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: rainfall; Author-Supplied Keyword: sound level; Author-Supplied Keyword: underwater acoustical measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-band dual-polarization (XPOL) radar; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holland, Donald E.
AU  - Berglund, Judith A.
AU  - Spruce, Joseph P.
AU  - McKellip, Rodney D.
T1  - Derivation of Effective Aerodynamic Surface Roughness in Urban Areas from Airborne Lidar Terrain Data.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 47
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2614
EP  - 2626
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - An automated technique was developed that uses only airborne lidar terrain data to derive the necessary parameters for calculation of effective aerodynamic surface roughness in urban areas. The technique provides parameters for geometric models that have been used over the past 40+ years by automatically deriving the relevant geometry, orientation, and spacing of buildings and trees. In its prototypical form, this technique subsequently calculates an effective surface roughness for 1-km2 parcels of land for each of five geometric models. The user can define several constraints to guide processing based on a priori knowledge of the urban area or lidar data characteristics. Any given wind direction (or range of directions) can be selected to simulate conditions of variable wind flow and the impact on effective surface roughness. The operation, capabilities, and limitations of the technique were demonstrated using lidar terrain data from Broward County, Florida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - METROPOLITAN areas
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - FLORIDA
N1  - Accession Number: 34951579; Holland, Donald E. 1; Email Address: donald.e.holland@nasa.gov Berglund, Judith A. 1 Spruce, Joseph P. 1 McKellip, Rodney D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 47 Issue 10, p2614; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: METROPOLITAN areas; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: FLORIDA; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAMC1751.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Livingston, J. M.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Russell, P. B.
AU  - Redemann, J.
AU  - Podolske, J. R.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
T1  - Comparison of Water Vapor Measurements by Airborne Sun Photometer and Diode Laser Hygrometer on the NASA DC-8.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 25
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1733
EP  - 1743
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - In January–February 2003, the 14-channel NASA Ames airborne tracking sun photometer (AATS) and the NASA Langley/Ames diode laser hygrometer (DLH) were flown on the NASA DC-8 aircraft. The AATS measured column water vapor on the aircraft-to-sun path, while the DLH measured local water vapor in the free stream between the aircraft fuselage and an outboard engine cowling. The AATS and DLH measurements have been compared for two DC-8 vertical profiles by differentiating the AATS column measurement and/or integrating the DLH local measurement over the altitude range of each profile (7.7–10 km and 1.1–12.5 km). These comparisons extend, for the first time, tests of AATS water vapor retrievals to altitudes >∼6 km and column contents <0.1 g cm-2. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time suborbital spectroscopic water vapor measurements using the 940-nm band have been tested in conditions so high and dry. Values of layer water vapor (LWV) calculated from the AATS and DLH measurements are highly correlated for each profile. The composite dataset yields r 2 0.998, rms difference 7.7%, and bias (AATS minus DLH) 1.0%. For water vapor densities AATS and DLH had r 2 0.968, rms difference 27.6%, and bias (AATS minus DLH) -4.2%. These results for water vapor density compare favorably with previous comparisons of AATS water vapor to in situ results for altitudes <∼6 km, columns ∼0.1 to 5 g cm-2, and densities ∼0.1 to 17 g m-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - DIODES
KW  - LASERS
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - VAPOR density
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35324665; Livingston, J. M. 1,2; Email Address: john.livingston@sri.com Schmid, B. 3 Russell, P. B. 4 Redemann, J. 5 Podolske, J. R. 4 Diskin, G. S. 6; Affiliation:  1: SRI International, Menlo Park, California  2: Corresponding author address: John M. Livingston, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025.  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 25 Issue 10, p1733; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: DIODES; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: VAPOR density; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JTECHA1047.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
T1  - Analysis of Space Shuttle External Tank Spray On Foam Insulation With Internal Pore Pressure.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
JF  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 130
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 051
EP  - 0516
SN  - 00944289
AB  - The polymer spray-on foam insulation used on NASA'S Space Shuttle external fuel tank is analyzed via the high-fidelity generalized method of cells micromechanical model. This model has been enhanced to include internal pore pressure, which is applied as a boundary condition on the internal faces of the foam pores. The pore pressure arises due to both ideal gas expansion during a temperature change as well as outgassing of species from the foam polymer material. Material creep and elastic stiffening are also incorporated via appropriate constitutive models. Due to the lack of reliable properties for the in situ foam polymer material, these parameters are backed out from foam thermomechanical test data. Parametric studies of the effects of key variables (both property-related and microstructural) are presented as is a comparison of model predictions for the thermal expansion behavior of the foam with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel tanks
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical properties
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - LIQUID oxygen
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
N1  - Accession Number: 34961366; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: brett.a.bednarcyk@nasa.gov Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 1 Sullivan, Roy M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 2 1000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 130 Issue 4, p051; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel tanks; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical properties; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: LIQUID oxygen; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 9 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2969247
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vettraino, L.
AU  - Heelan, J.
AU  - Faconti, C.
AU  - Walley, J.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Groza, J.
AU  - Gibeling, J.
T1  - Influence of processing on the microstructure of Cu–8Cr–4Nb.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 43
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 6546
EP  - 6555
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The particle-strengthened Cu–8 at.%Cr–4 at.%Nb alloy is processed by consolidation of atomized powders followed by extrusion to obtain bars and rolling to produce sheets. Comparison of copper matrix grain and second-phase particle structures in both extruded and rolled Cu–8Cr–4Nb was performed. Extruded material displayed locally banded arrangements of Cr2Nb particles, while the distribution of particles was more uniform in rolled material. Mean Cr2Nb particle sizes were found to be essentially the same for both processing methods. Non-spherical particles in the extruded alloy showed some preferred orientation, whereas the rolled material displayed a more uniform particle orientation distribution. Extruded material exhibited a dual grain size distribution with smaller grains in banded regions. The mean grain size of 1.36 μm in extruded material was larger than the 0.65 μm grain size of rolled material. A [101] texture was evident in extruded material, whereas the rolled material was only slightly textured along the [001] and [111] directions. The processing differences for the rolled and extruded forms give rise to different microstructures and hence higher creep strength for the extruded material in the temperature range of 773–923 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRUSION process
KW  - BULK solids
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - MATERIALS -- Research
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - MATERIALS -- Texture
N1  - Accession Number: 34614544; Vettraino, L. 1 Heelan, J. 1 Faconti, C. 1 Walley, J. 1 Garg, A. 2 Groza, J. 1 Gibeling, J. 1; Email Address: jcgibeling@ucdavis.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of California , One Shields Ave. Davis 95616 USA  2: Glenn Research Center , NASA , 21000 Brookpark Rd. 49-1 Cleveland 44135 USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 43 Issue 19, p6546; Subject Term: EXTRUSION process; Subject Term: BULK solids; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Research; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Texture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-008-2802-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34614544&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Blake, Thomas A.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
AU  - Sharpe, Steven
AU  - Chiou, Linda
T1  - Quantitative measurement of integrated band intensities of benzene vapor in the mid-infrared at 278, 298, and 323K
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 109
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2511
EP  - 2522
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Pressure broadened (1atm. N2) laboratory spectra of benzene vapor (in natural abundance) were recorded at 278, 298, and 323K, covering 600–6500cm−1. The spectra were recorded at a resolution of 0.112cm−1 using a commercial Fourier transform spectrometer. The pressure of each benzene vapor sample was measured using high-precision capacitance manometers, and a minimum of nine sample pressures were recorded for each temperature. The samples were introduced into a temperature-stabilized static cell (19.94(1)cm pathlength) that was hard-mounted into the spectrometer. From these data a fit composite spectrum was calculated for each temperature. The number density for the three composite spectra was normalized to 296K. The spectra give the absorption coefficient (cm2 molecule−1, naperian units) as a function of wavenumber. From these spectra integrated band intensities (cmmolecule−1 and atm−1 cm−2) for intervals corresponding to the stronger benzene bands were calculated and were compared with previously reported values. We discuss and quantify error sources and estimate our systematic (NIST Type-B) errors to be 3% for the stronger bands. The measured absorption coefficients and integrated band intensities are useful for remote sensing applications such as measurements of planetary atmospheres and assessment of the environmental impact of terrestrial oil fire emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENZENE -- Spectra
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - PRESSURE broadening
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - QUASIELASTIC light scattering
KW  - RADIATIVE transitions
KW  - REMOTE sensing -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - Absorption cross section
KW  - C6H6
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Laboratory spectroscopy
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Remote sounding
KW  - Saturn
KW  - Titan
KW  - Transmission and scattering of radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 33999889; Rinsland, C.P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Devi, V. Malathy 2; Email Address: malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov Blake, Thomas A. 3; Email Address: ta.blake@pnl.gov Sams, R.L. 3; Email Address: robert.sams@pnl.gov Sharpe, Steven 3; Email Address: sw.sharpe@pnl.gov Chiou, Linda 4; Email Address: l.s.chiou@larc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 1 Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 109 Issue 15, p2511; Subject Term: BENZENE -- Spectra; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: PRESSURE broadening; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: QUASIELASTIC light scattering; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transitions; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing -- Equipment & supplies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption cross section; Author-Supplied Keyword: C6H6; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laboratory spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sounding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission and scattering of radiation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.04.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hong, Gang
AU  - Feng, Qian
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Hu, Yong X.
T1  - Optical properties of ice particles in young contrails
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 109
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2635
EP  - 2647
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The single-scattering properties of four types of ice crystals (pure ice crystals, ice crystals with an internal mixture of ice and black carbon, ice crystals coated with black carbon, and soot coated with ice) in young contrails are investigated at wavelengths 0.65 and 2.13μm using Mie codes for coated spheres. The four types of ice crystals show differences in their single-scattering properties because of the embedded black carbon whose volume ratio is assumed to be 5%. The bulk-scattering properties of young contrails consisting of the four types of ice crystals are further investigated by averaging their single-scattering properties over a typical ice particle size distribution found in young contrails. The effect of the radiative properties of the four types of ice particles on the Stokes parameters I, Q, U, and V is also investigated for different viewing zenith angles and relative azimuth angles with a solar zenith angle of 30° using a vector radiative transfer model based on the adding-doubling technique. The Stokes parameters at a wavelength of 0.65μm show pronounced differences for the four types of ice crystals, whereas the counterparts at a wavelength of 2.13μm show similar variations with the viewing zenith angle and relative azimuth angle. However, the values of the results for the two wavelengths are noticeably different. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - CONDENSATION trails
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - Contrails
KW  - Ice particles
KW  - Optical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 33999899; Hong, Gang 1; Email Address: hong@ariel.met.tamu.edu Feng, Qian 1 Yang, Ping 1 Kattawar, George W. 1 Minnis, Patrick 2 Hu, Yong X. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 109 Issue 15, p2635; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: CONDENSATION trails; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contrails; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.06.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shepherd, Kevin P.
T1  - HIGH-VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER COIL WITH ACOUSTIC WAVE GUIDING FUNCTION.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 124
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1899
EP  - 1899
SN  - 00014966
AB  - The article reviews the acoustical patent High-Voltage Transformer Coil With Acoustic Wave Guide Function filed to the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office by Jiann-Fuh Chen et al, assignors to Unelectra International Corp., in December 1, 2005 and approved on March 4, 2008. The patent involves a waveguide made of a nonconducting material attached to cast resin transformer coil. In this patent, an acoustic transducer is attached at the end of extension which is suitable distance from high voltages that may be present in coils.
KW  - PATENTS -- United States
KW  - HIGH voltages
KW  - ELECTRIC transformers
KW  - ELECTRIC coils
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Patent & Trademark Office
N1  - Accession Number: 34772096; Shepherd, Kevin P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 463, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 124 Issue 4, p1899; Subject Term: PATENTS -- United States; Subject Term: HIGH voltages; Subject Term: ELECTRIC transformers; Subject Term: ELECTRIC coils; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Patent & Trademark Office; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335311 Power, Distribution, and Specialty Transformer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wallace, James M.
AU  - Ong, Lawrence
T1  - Local isotropy of the velocity and vorticity fields in a boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 20
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 101506
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Measurements of the velocity and vorticity field with a 12-sensor hot-wire probe were carried out in the boundary layer of the test section ceiling of the NASA Ames 80×120 ft2 wind tunnel at a turbulence Reynolds number of Rλ≈875. Tests of local isotropy were applied to the data obtained at y/δ=0.1. In the inertial subrange, which extended over a decade of wave numbers for this experiment, both the velocity and vorticity component one-dimensional kx spectra agree well with the isotropic spectra of Kim and Antonia [J. Fluid Mech. 251, 219 (1993)]. This agreement extends into the dissipation range up to wave numbers at which the accuracy of the measurements is limited because of spatial resolution and other sources of error. Additional tests of local isotropy, from the characteristics of the Reynolds shear stress correlation coefficient cospectrum and from the isotropic relationships between the kx spectra of the streamwise velocity and vorticity components with the kx spectra of the respective cross-stream components, also show evidence of local isotropy at these higher wave numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - SPEED
KW  - PROBES (Electronic instruments)
N1  - Accession Number: 35103147; Wallace, James M. 1 Ong, Lawrence 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Burgers Program for Fluid Dynamics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Code 614.4, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/ Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 20 Issue 10, p101506; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: PROBES (Electronic instruments); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3005842
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parro, Rocco J.
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
AU  - Varaljay, Nicholas C.
AU  - Zimmerman, Sloan
AU  - Zorman, Christian A.
T1  - Amorphous SiC as a structural layer in microbridge-based RF MEMS switches for use in software-defined radio
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 52
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1647
EP  - 1651
SN  - 00381101
AB  - Abstract: This paper reports an effort to develop amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) films for use in shunt capacitor RF MEMS microbridge-based switches. The films were deposited using methane and silane as the precursor gases. Switches were fabricated using 500nm and 300nm-thick a-SiC films to form the microbridges. Switches made from metallized 500nm-thick SiC films exhibited favorable mechanical performance but poor RF performance. In contrast, switches made from metallized 300nm-thick SiC films exhibited excellent RF performance but poor mechanical performance. Load-deflection testing of unmetallized and metallized bulk micromachined SiC membranes indicates that the metal layers have a small effect on the Young’s modulus of the 500nm and 300nm-thick SiC MEMS. As for residual stress, the metal layers have a modest effect on the 500nm-thick structures, but a significant affect on the residual stress in the 300nm-thick structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SWITCHING circuits
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - MICROELECTRONICS
KW  - ELECTRICAL engineering
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - Microbridge
KW  - PECVD silicon carbide
KW  - Residual stress
KW  - RF MEMS
KW  - Young’s modulus
N1  - Accession Number: 34202191; Parro, Rocco J. 1; Email Address: rocco.parro@case.edu Scardelletti, Maximilian C. 2 Varaljay, Nicholas C. 2 Zimmerman, Sloan 3 Zorman, Christian A. 1; Email Address: christian.zorman@case.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, 715A Glennan Building, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  2: Electron and Optical Device Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, USA  3: Solon High School, Solon, OH, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 52 Issue 10, p1647; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SWITCHING circuits; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: MICROELECTRONICS; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL engineering; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbridge; Author-Supplied Keyword: PECVD silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: RF MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Young’s modulus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sse.2008.06.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ribaya, Bryan P.
AU  - Niemann, Darrell L.
AU  - Makarewicz, Joseph
AU  - Gunther, Norman G.
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
AU  - Rahman, Mahmud
T1  - An empirical study of dynamic properties of an individual carbon nanotube electron source system
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2008/10//
VL  - 52
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1680
EP  - 1686
SN  - 00381101
AB  - Abstract: In this paper we present an empirical study of some dynamic properties of an individual carbon nanotube (CNT) field emission electron source system. We propose a circuit model that represents the CNT cathode to anode diode as a capacitor in parallel with a voltage-controlled variable resistor. The transient response of the CNT electron source system to the falling edge of a voltage step input was evaluated. For input voltages below the threshold voltage for field emission, the nanotube loop is effectively open and the circuit response is consistent with a discharging capacitor. On the other hand, for input voltages above field emission threshold, the nanotube loop conducts and now the capacitor discharges to a certain extent through the nanotube loop as well. Field emission current versus voltage data also shows that the resistance across the CNT cathode to anode diode varies as a function of applied voltage. Below turn-on voltage, the diode behaves as an open circuit (4TΩ at the ammeter noise floor). Above turn-on voltage, resistance falls exponentially, as expected from the Fowler–Nordheim equation for cold field emission current. Experimental current–voltage data is presented for a simple emitter array consisting of two CNTs with equal lengths. Despite the similarity in their lengths the turn-on voltages of the nanotubes varied significantly, viz. 26V versus 109V. This large difference in the turn-on voltages can be attributed to tip imperfections. For advanced array applications such as high-throughput parallel e-beam lithography, in which precise dose control is necessary, the diode circuit model will be useful for controlling individually addressed nanotubes to account for dissimilar field emission properties. The model may also be applied to optimize the design of a SEM incorporating a single CNT electron source. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - FIELD emission
KW  - ELECTRIC resistors
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - MICROELECTRONICS
KW  - ELECTRICAL engineering
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - Circuit model
KW  - Dynamic properties
KW  - Emitter array
KW  - Field emission
KW  - Voltage-controlled variable resistor
N1  - Accession Number: 34202196; Ribaya, Bryan P. 1,2 Niemann, Darrell L. 1,2 Makarewicz, Joseph 2 Gunther, Norman G. 1 Nguyen, Cattien V. 2,3 Rahman, Mahmud 1; Email Address: mrahman@scu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Electron Devices Laboratory, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: ELORET Corporation, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 52 Issue 10, p1680; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: FIELD emission; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: MICROELECTRONICS; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL engineering; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circuit model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emitter array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voltage-controlled variable resistor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sse.2008.06.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34202196&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vayner, Boris
AU  - Ferguson, Dale C.
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
T1  - Emission Spectra of Arc Plasmas.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2219
EP  - 2227
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Emission spectra of arc plasmas contain valuable information regarding arc sites, plasma parameters and composition, and temporal dynamics of plasma expansion. Emission spectra within the range of 200-800 nm were measured for trigger arcs on triple junctions and sustained arcs between solar array strings. Spectra were recorded from arcs on several different brands of conventionally designed solar array samples immersed in simulated low-Earth-orbit plasma. The arc sites and cathode materials were determined for plasmas generated by primary discharges and sustained arcs. Comparative analysis of temporal dynamics of arc current pulse waveforms with spectral line intensities allowed obtaining estimates for plasma expansion rates. Statistical processing of spectral line intensities resulted in calculations of arc plasma electron temperatures and surface densities of some atomic species. The presence of a flux of energetic electrons (above 100 eV) was confirmed by analysis of the structure of the excited atom and ion energy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - STATICS
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - QUALITATIVE chemical analysis
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - Arc current
KW  - arc plasma
KW  - arc spectrum
KW  - cathode material
KW  - sustained arc
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 35735569; Vayner, Boris 1; Email Address: boris.v.vayner@nasa.gov Ferguson, Dale C. 2; Email Address: Dale.C.Ferguson-1@nasa.gov Galofaro, Joel T. 3; Email Address: joel.t.galofaro@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142 USA  2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA  3: Photovoltaic and Space Environments Branch, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191 USA; Source Info: Oct2008 Part 2 of 4, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p2219; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE chemical analysis; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arc current; Author-Supplied Keyword: arc plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: arc spectrum; Author-Supplied Keyword: cathode material; Author-Supplied Keyword: sustained arc; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2008.2001424
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35735569&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandell, Myron J.
AU  - Davis, Victoria A.
AU  - Pencil, Eric J.
AU  - Patterson, Michael J.
AU  - McEwen, Heather K.
AU  - Foster, John E.
AU  - Snyder, John Steve
T1  - Modeling the NEXT Multithruster Array Test With Nascap-2k.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2309
EP  - 2318
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Tests of up to three simultaneously firing 40-cm NASA's Evolutionary Xenon Thrusters took place at NASA Glenn Research Center. In addition to numerous engineering tests, the experiment was instrumented to measure plasma properties in the interacting plumes, charge exchange return current to the active and dormant thrusters, and current and plasma properties at various locations. This paper describes the use of Nascap-2k to calculate plume potentials and charge exchange ion return currents to active and dormant ion optics and to diagnostic probes. Calculations were performed varying the numbers of active thrusters, thruster power levels, and gimbaling. The results were extrapolated to space conditions. Despite several simplifying assumptions, we obtained good agreement with experimental results. No major problems associated with multiple thruster operation were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - FIELD theory (Physics)
KW  - MANAGEMENT science
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - ROCKETRY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Ion engines
KW  - plasma measurements
KW  - space vehicle propulsion
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35735579; Mandell, Myron J. 1; Email Address: myron.j.mandell@saic.com Davis, Victoria A. 1 Pencil, Eric J. 2 Patterson, Michael J. 2 McEwen, Heather K. 2 Foster, John E. 3 Snyder, John Steve 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA 92121 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  3: Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA  4: Electric Propulsion Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Source Info: Oct2008 Part 2 of 4, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p2309; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Subject Term: MANAGEMENT science; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ROCKETRY; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: space vehicle propulsion; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2008.2003534
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35735579&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
AU  - Vayner, Boris V.
AU  - Hillard, G. Barry
AU  - Ferguson, Dale C.
T1  - SSTE-4 Program Advanced Photovoltaic Cell Technologies: Ground Chamber Test Results.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2008/10/02/Oct2008 Part 2 of 4
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2425
EP  - 2433
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Plasma ground-testing results, obtained at the John H. Glenn Research Center National Plasma Interaction Facility, are presented for a number of thin-film photovoltaic cells. The cells represent a mix of promising new technologies identified by the Air Force Research Laboratory under the Space Science Technology Experiment (SSTE-4) Program. The current ground-testing efforts are aimed at characterizing both the performance and survivability of thin-film technologies in the harsh Low Earth Orbit space environment where they are intended to be flown. Measurements of parasitic currents and arc threshold voltages were performed in situ under strictly controlled charging conditions for both amorphous silicon (a-Si) and copper indium gallium selenide cells. Surface flashing on the large-area a-Si cells revealed that microdischarges in the dielectric surface do not appear to cause any apparent degradation to the cells. Catastrophic arc testing between adjacent cells resulted in no sustained arcs. Similar catastrophic arc tests between adjacent strings resulted in self-extinguished nonsustained arc extensions on time scales of approximately 100 μs in length. All cell efficiency measurements were performed in the Solar Cell Calibration Laboratory prior to plasma testing and then once again after the completion of the plasma tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - THIN films
KW  - COPPER
KW  - Photovoltaic cells
KW  - photovoltaic space power systems
KW  - plasma measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 35735591; Galofaro, Joel T. 1; Email Address: Joel.T.Galofaro@nasa.gov Vayner, Boris V. 2; Email Address: boris.v.vayner@nasa.gov Hillard, G. Barry 1 Ferguson, Dale C. 3; Email Address: dale.c.ferguson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, OH 44142 USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA; Source Info: Oct2008 Part 2 of 4, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p2425; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: COPPER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaic cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: photovoltaic space power systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2008.2002956
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35735591&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen, Nhan T.
T1  - Adjoint optimization of one-dimensional hyperbolic equations with constrained periodic boundary conditions
JO  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
JF  - Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering
Y1  - 2008/10/15/
VL  - 197
IS  - 51/52
M3  - Article
SP  - 4683
EP  - 4691
SN  - 00457825
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents a continuous adjoint-based optimization theory for a general closed-loop transport hyperbolic model controlled via a periodic boundary control to minimize a cost functional. The periodic boundary control is subject to a nonlinear differential equation constraint, thus resulting in a coupling between the hyperbolic equation and the ordinary differential equation. Variational principles are used to derive the Pontryagin’s minimum principle for optimality that results in a dual adjoint system. A numerical optimization method is implemented using the adjoint-based second-order gradient method to solve for the optimal trajectory of the control. Numerical methods for solving the hyperbolic equation using an explicit scheme, wave splitting method and for solving the adjoint equation using an implicit scheme and a quasi-steady state method are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics & Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR differential equations
KW  - HYPERBOLIC differential equations
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - CALCULUS
KW  - Adjoint optimization
KW  - Closed-loop flow
KW  - Hyperbolic equation
N1  - Accession Number: 34743218; Nguyen, Nhan T. 1; Email Address: Nhan.T.Nguyen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, M/S 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 197 Issue 51/52, p4683; Subject Term: NONLINEAR differential equations; Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC differential equations; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: CALCULUS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adjoint optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Closed-loop flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperbolic equation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cma.2008.06.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34743218&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ellis, David L.
AU  - Hastings, Brian K.
T1  - Hydrogen embrittlement resistance of GRCop-84
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2008/10/15/
VL  - 33
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 5661
EP  - 5671
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: GRCop-84 contains approximately 5.5wt% Nb. Nb can react with hydrogen and embrittle easily. Previous work had indicated the thermodynamic possibility that Cr2Nb could react with hydrogen and form niobium hydrides in the presence of high pressure hydrogen. In this study, samples were charged with hydrogen and tested in both high pressure gaseous H2 and He environments to determine if measurable differences existed which indicate that hydrogen embrittlement occurs in GRCop-84. Tensile, notched tensile, stress rupture and low cycle fatigue properties were surveyed. High pressure H2 environment stress rupture testing resulted in a lower reduction in area than a high pressure He environment, and the LCF lives at high strain ranges fall below the lower 95% confidence interval for the baseline data, but in general no significant differences were noted either between H2 and He environment tests or between H charged materials and the baseline, uncharged extruded GRCop-84 data sets. There was also no discernable evidence of the formation of hydrides or changes in fracture morphology indicating hydrogen embrittlement occurred. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - COPPER alloys
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - EMBRITTLEMENT
KW  - Copper alloy
KW  - Hydrogen embrittlement
KW  - Mechanical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 34772356; Ellis, David L. 1; Email Address: david.l.ellis@nasa.gov Hastings, Brian K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, M.S. 49-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: ERC/Jacobs Sverdrup Technology, Marshall Space Flight Center, Building 4628, Room 101, Huntsville, AL 35812, United States; Source Info: Oct2008, Vol. 33 Issue 20, p5661; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: COPPER alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: EMBRITTLEMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen embrittlement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.05.057
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=34772356&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merlin, Olivier
AU  - Walker, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Kalma, Jetse D.
AU  - Kim, Edward J.
AU  - Hacker, Jorg
AU  - Panciera, Rocco
AU  - Young, Rodger
AU  - Summerell, Gregory
AU  - Hornbuckle, John
AU  - Hafeez, Mohsin
AU  - Jackson, Thomas
T1  - The NAFE’06 data set: Towards soil moisture retrieval at intermediate resolution
JO  - Advances in Water Resources
JF  - Advances in Water Resources
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 31
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1444
EP  - 1455
SN  - 03091708
AB  - Abstract: The National Airborne Field Experiment 2006 (NAFE’06) was conducted during a three week period of November 2006 in the Murrumbidgee River catchment, located in southeastern Australia. One objective of NAFE’06 was to explore the suitability of the area for SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) calibration/validation and develop downscaling and assimilation techniques for when SMOS does come on line. Airborne L-band brightness temperature was mapped at 1km resolution 11 times (every 1–3 days) over a 40 by 55km area in the Yanco region and 3 times over a 40 by 50km area that includes Kyeamba Creek catchment. Moreover, multi-resolution, multi-angle and multi-spectral airborne data including surface temperature, surface reflectance (green, read and near infrared), lidar data and aerial photos were acquired over selected areas to develop downscaling algorithms and test multi-angle and multi-spectral retrieval approaches. The near-surface soil moisture was measured extensively on the ground in eight sampling areas concurrently with aircraft flights, and the soil moisture profile was continuously monitored at 41 sites. Preliminary analyses indicate that (i) the uncertainty of a single ground measurement was typically less than 5% vol. (ii) the spatial variability of ground measurements at 1km resolution was up to 10% vol. and (iii) the validation of 1km resolution L-band data is facilitated by selecting pixels with a spatial soil moisture variability lower than the point-scale uncertainty. The sensitivity of passive microwave and thermal data is also compared at 1km resolution to illustrate the multi-spectral synergy for soil moisture monitoring at improved accuracy and resolution. The data described in this paper are available at www.nafe.unimelb.edu.au. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Water Resources is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - FIELD work (Research)
KW  - WATERSHEDS
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - MURRUMBIDGEE River (N.S.W.)
KW  - AUSTRALIA
KW  - Airborne experiment
KW  - Assimilation
KW  - Calibration/validation
KW  - Downscaling
KW  - L-band radiometry
KW  - Multi-spectral
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Synergy
N1  - Accession Number: 35074705; Merlin, Olivier 1; Email Address: omerlin@unimelb.edu.au Walker, Jeffrey P. 1 Kalma, Jetse D. 2 Kim, Edward J. 3 Hacker, Jorg 4 Panciera, Rocco 1 Young, Rodger 1 Summerell, Gregory 5 Hornbuckle, John 6 Hafeez, Mohsin 7 Jackson, Thomas 8; Affiliation:  1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia  2: School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Australia  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, USA  4: Flinders University/Airborne, Research Australia, Australia  5: Department of Environment and Climate Change, Australia  6: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Land and Water, Australia  7: International Centre of Water for Food Security, Australia  8: United States Department of Agriculture, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 31 Issue 11, p1444; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: FIELD work (Research); Subject Term: WATERSHEDS; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: MURRUMBIDGEE River (N.S.W.); Subject Term: AUSTRALIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne experiment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration/validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Downscaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: L-band radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-spectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synergy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.01.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chabalko, Christopher C.
AU  - Hajj, Muhammad R.
AU  - Silva, Walter A.
T1  - Interrogative Testing for Nonlinear Identification of Aeroelastic Systems.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 46
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2657
EP  - 2657
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article describes a method for testing and analyzing data from aeroelastic systems. As compared to conventional procedures, the approach described more effectively yields information about aeroelastics under differing flow conditions, with special emphasis on variations in nonlinear response characteristics for a civil transport flexible semispan model..
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ELASTIC waves
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 35126872; Chabalko, Christopher C. 1 Hajj, Muhammad R. 1 Silva, Walter A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 46 Issue 11, p2657; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELASTIC waves; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Asthana, R.
T1  - Characterization of brazed joints of Cte to Cu-clad-Molybdenum
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 68
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 3010
EP  - 3019
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: Carbon–carbon composites with either CVI matrix or resin-derived matrix were joined to copper-clad-molybdenum using two active braze alloys, Cusil-ABA (1.75% Ti) and Ticusil (4.5% Ti). The brazed joints revealed good interfacial bonding, preferential precipitation of Ti at the composite/braze interface, and a tendency toward de-lamination in resin-derived Cte due to its low inter-laminar shear strength. Extensive braze penetration of the inter-fiber channels in the CVI Ctes was observed. The relatively low brazing temperatures (<950°C) precluded melting of the clad layer and restricted the redistribution of alloying elements but led to metallurgically sound composite joints. The Knoop microhardness (HK) distribution across the joint interfaces revealed sharp gradients at the Cu-clad-Mo/braze interface and higher hardness in Ticusil (∼85–250 HK) than in Cusil-ABA (∼50–150 HK). These C-Mo joints with relatively low thermal resistance may be promising for thermal management applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLYBDENUM
KW  - CHROMIUM group
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - Carbon–carbon composite
KW  - Hardness testing (D)
KW  - Metals (A)
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy (D)
KW  - Welding/joining (E)
N1  - Accession Number: 34897144; Singh, M. 1 Asthana, R. 2; Email Address: asthanar@uwstout.edu; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, MS 106-5, Ceramics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 68 Issue 14, p3010; Subject Term: MOLYBDENUM; Subject Term: CHROMIUM group; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon–carbon composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hardness testing (D); Author-Supplied Keyword: Metals (A); Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning electron microscopy (D); Author-Supplied Keyword: Welding/joining (E); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.06.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hrinda, Glenn A.
AU  - Nguyen, Duc T.
T1  - Optimization of stability-constrained geometrically nonlinear shallow trusses using an arc length sparse method with a strain energy density approach
JO  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
JF  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 44
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 933
EP  - 950
SN  - 0168874X
AB  - Abstract: A technique for the optimization of stability-constrained geometrically nonlinear shallow trusses with snap-through behavior is demonstrated using the arc length method and a strain energy density approach within a discrete finite-element formulation. The optimization method uses an iterative scheme that evaluates the performance of the design variables and then updates them according to a recursive formula that is controlled by the arc length method. A minimum weight design is achieved when a uniform nonlinear strain energy density is found in all members. This minimal condition places the design load just below the critical-limit load that causes snap-through of the structure. The optimization scheme is programmed into a nonlinear finite-element algorithm to find the large strain energy at critical-limit loads. Examples of highly nonlinear trusses that are found in literature are presented to verify the method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Finite Elements in Analysis & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
KW  - TRUSSES
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Arc length
KW  - Geometrically nonlinear
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Sparse
KW  - Stability constrained
KW  - Strain energy density
KW  - Trusses
N1  - Accession Number: 34890992; Hrinda, Glenn A. 1; Email Address: glenn.a.hrinda@nasa.gov Nguyen, Duc T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 44 Issue 15, p933; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Subject Term: TRUSSES; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arc length; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometrically nonlinear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sparse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability constrained; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain energy density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trusses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 321214 Truss Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238130 Framing Contractors; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.finel.2008.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milliken, R. E.
AU  - Swayze, G. A.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Bishop, J. L.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Green, R. O.
AU  - Grotzinger, J. P.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Murchie, S. L.
AU  - Mustard, J. F.
AU  - Weitz, C.
T1  - Opaline silica in young deposits on Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 36
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 847
EP  - 850
SN  - 00917613
AB  - High spatial and spectral resolution reflectance data acquired by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument reveal the presence of H2O- and SiOH-bearing phases on the Martian surface. The spectra are most consistent with opaline silica and glass altered to various degrees, confirming predictions based on geochemical experiments and models that amorphous silica should be a common weathering product of the basaltic Martian crust. These materials are associated with hydrated Fe sulfates, including H3O-bearing jarosite, and are found in finely stratified deposits exposed on the floor of and on the plains surrounding the Valles Marineris canyon system. Stratigraphic relationships place the formation age of these deposits in the late Hesperian or possibly the Amazonian, implying that aqueous alteration continued to be an important and regionally extensive process on Mars during that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICA
KW  - SILICON compounds
KW  - SILICON
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SULFATE minerals
N1  - Accession Number: 34992934; Milliken, R. E. 1; Email Address: ralph.milliken@jpl.nasa.gov Swayze, G. A. 2 Arvidson, R. E. 3 Bishop, J. L. 4 Clark, R. N. 2 Ehlmann, B. L. 5 Green, R. O. 1 Grotzinger, J. P. 6 Morris, R. V. 7 Murchie, S. L. 8 Mustard, J. F. 5 Weitz, C. 9; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  2: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA  4: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA  6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  7: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  8: Applied Physics Lab, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA  9: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 36 Issue 11, p847; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SULFATE minerals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G24967A
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KUMAR, M. JAGADESH
AU  - REED, MARK A.
AU  - AMARATUNGA, GEHAN A. J.
AU  - COHEN, GUY M.
AU  - JANES, DAVID B.
AU  - LIEBER, CHARLES M.
AU  - MEYYAPPAN, M.
AU  - WERNERSSON, LARS-ERIK
AU  - WANG, KANG L.
AU  - CHAU, ROBERT S.
AU  - KAMINS, THEODORE I.
AU  - LUNDSTROM, MARK
AU  - BIN YU
AU  - CHONGWU ZHOU
T1  - Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Nanowire Transistors: Modeling, Device Design, and Technology.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2813
EP  - 2819
SN  - 00189383
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including "Real Time, Label Free Detection of Biological Entities Using Nanowire Based Field Effect Transistors," and "Chemical Sensors and Electronic Noses Based on One-Dimensional Metal Oxide Nanostructures."
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - DETECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 35406030; KUMAR, M. JAGADESH 1; Email Address: mamidala@ieee.org REED, MARK A. 2; Email Address: mark.reed@yale.edu AMARATUNGA, GEHAN A. J. 3; Email Address: gajl@cam.ac.uk COHEN, GUY M. 4; Email Address: guycohen@us.ibm.com JANES, DAVID B. 5; Email Address: janes@ecn.purdue.edu LIEBER, CHARLES M. 6; Email Address: cml@cmliris.harvard.edu MEYYAPPAN, M. 7; Email Address: mmeyyappan@mail.arc.nasa.gov WERNERSSON, LARS-ERIK 8; Email Address: Lars-Erik.wernersson@ftf.Ith.se WANG, KANG L. 9; Email Address: wang@ee.ucla.edu CHAU, ROBERT S. 10; Email Address: robert.s.chau@intel.com KAMINS, THEODORE I. 11; Email Address: kamins@hp.com LUNDSTROM, MARK 5; Email Address: lundstro@purdue.edu BIN YU 12; Email Address: byu@mail.arc.nasa.gov CHONGWU ZHOU 13; Email Address: chongwuz@usc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110 016, India.  2: Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-1942 USA.  3: University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, U.K.  4: IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA.  5: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.  6: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.  7: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  8: University of Lund, Lund 221 00, Sweden.  9: University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.  10: Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95054-1549 USA.  11: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Bristol, BS34 8QZ, U.K.  12: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  13: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 55 Issue 11, p2813; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Xuhui
AU  - Bin Yu
AU  - Ng, Garrick
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Sanghyun Ju
AU  - Janes, David B.
T1  - Germanium Antimonide Phase-Change Nanowires for Memory Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3131
EP  - 3135
SN  - 00189383
AB  - GeSh nanowires (NWs) have been grown using a vapor-liquid-solid approach for the fabrication of electrically operated phase-change random access memory device. The NWs are 40-100 nm in diameter and have approximately 90% Sb for fast crystallization. Memory devices show an on/off resistance ratio of 104, reset programming current of 0.7 mA, and set programming current of 60 nA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - GERMANIUM
KW  - ANTIMONY
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - CHALCOGENIDES
KW  - FLASH memories (Computers)
KW  - Chalcogenide
KW  - Flash memory
KW  - nanowire
KW  - phase change material (PCM)
KW  - phase change memory
KW  - random access memory (RAM)
N1  - Accession Number: 35406061; Sun, Xuhui 1; Email Address: xsun@arc.nasa.gov Bin Yu 1; Email Address: bin.yu@nasa.gov Ng, Garrick Meyyappan, M. 1; Email Address: m.meyyappant@nasa.gov Sanghyun Ju 2 Janes, David B. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  2: Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon 442-760, Korea.  3: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 55 Issue 11, p3131; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: GERMANIUM; Subject Term: ANTIMONY; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: CHALCOGENIDES; Subject Term: FLASH memories (Computers); Author-Supplied Keyword: Chalcogenide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flash memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase change material (PCM); Author-Supplied Keyword: phase change memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: random access memory (RAM); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - del Grosso, M.F.
AU  - Mosca, H.O.
AU  - Bozzolo, G.
T1  - Atomistic modeling of Pt additions to NiAl
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 16
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1305
EP  - 1309
SN  - 09669795
AB  - Abstract: Modeling of the behavior of Pt additions to NiAl alloys is performed using a quantum approximate technique suitable for the study of site preference, phase structure, bulk properties and the coefficient of thermal expansion for the B2 NiAlPt phase field. An atom-by-atom analysis yields insight into the quantitative and qualitative changes in these properties as a function of Pt concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-aluminum alloys
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - PLATINUM
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PHASE rule & equilibrium
KW  - A. Nickel aluminides, based on NiAl
KW  - B. Thermal properties
KW  - D. Site occupancy
KW  - E. Simulations, atomistic
KW  - G. Aero-engine components
N1  - Accession Number: 35202464; del Grosso, M.F. 1,2 Mosca, H.O. 1,2 Bozzolo, G. 3,4; Email Address: guillermobozzolo@oai.org; Affiliation:  1: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, U.A. Física, Av. Gral Paz 1499, B1650KNA San Martín, Argentina  2: GCMM, UTN, FRG Pacheco, Av. H. Yrigoyen 288, Gral. Pacheco, Argentina  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 16 Issue 11/12, p1305; Subject Term: NICKEL-aluminum alloys; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: PLATINUM; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PHASE rule & equilibrium; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Nickel aluminides, based on NiAl; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Site occupancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Simulations, atomistic; Author-Supplied Keyword: G. Aero-engine components; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2008.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponomarev, Artem L.
AU  - Costes, Sylvain V.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
T1  - Stochastic properties of radiation-induced DSB: DSB distributions in large scale chromatin loops, the HPRT gene and within the visible volumes of DNA repair foci.
JO  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
JF  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 84
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 916
EP  - 929
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 09553002
AB  - Purpose: We computed probabilities to have multiple double-strand breaks (DSB), which are produced in DNA on a regional scale, and not in close vicinity, in volumes matching the size of DNA damage foci, of a large chromatin loop, and in the physical volume of DNA containing the HPRT (human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase) locus. Materials and methods: The model is based on a Monte Carlo description of DSB formation by heavy ions in the spatial context of the entire human genome contained within the cell nucleus, as well as at the gene sequence level. Results: We showed that a finite physical volume corresponding to a visible DNA repair focus, believed to be associated with one DSB, can contain multiple DSB due to heavy ion track structure and the DNA supercoiled topography. A corrective distribution was introduced, which was a conditional probability to have excess DSB in a focus volume, given that there was already one present. The corrective distribution was calculated for 19.5 MeV/amu N ions, 3.77 MeV/amu α-particles, 1000 MeV/amu Fe ions, and X-rays. The corrected initial DSB yield from the experimental data on DNA repair foci was calculated. The DSB yield based on the corrective function converts the focus yield into the DSB yield, which is comparable with the DSB yield based on the earlier PFGE experiments. The distribution of DSB within the physical limits of the HPRT gene was analyzed by a similar method as well. Conclusion: This corrective procedure shows the applicability of the model and empowers the researcher with a tool to better analyze focus statistics. The model enables researchers to analyze the DSB yield based on focus statistics in real experimental situations that lack one-to-one focus-to-DSB correspondance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Radiation Biology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOBIOLOGY
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - DNA
KW  - MODELING (Sculpture)
KW  - DNA repair
KW  - LESCH-Nyhan syndrome
KW  - DNA loops
KW  - DNA modeling
KW  - DNA repair foci
KW  - DSB
KW  - heavy ion
KW  - High-LET radiation
KW  - HPRT gene
N1  - Accession Number: 35275789; Ponomarev, Artem L. 1,2; Email Address: artem.l.ponomarev@nasa.gov Costes, Sylvain V. 3 Cucinotta, Francis A. 2; Affiliation:  1: The Universities Space Research Association, Division of Space Life Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Human Adaptations and Countermeasures Division, Houston, Texas, USA  3: Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 84 Issue 11, p916; Subject Term: RADIOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: MODELING (Sculpture); Subject Term: DNA repair; Subject Term: LESCH-Nyhan syndrome; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA loops; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA repair foci; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSB; Author-Supplied Keyword: heavy ion; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-LET radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPRT gene; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09553000802499212
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baxley, Brian T.
AU  - Williams, Daniel
AU  - Consiglio, Maria
AU  - Adams, Cathy
AU  - Abbott, Terence
T1  - Small Aircraft Transportation System, Higher Volume Operations Concept and Research Summary.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1825
EP  - 1825
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The ability to conduct concurrent, multiple aircraft operations in poor weather at virtually any airport offers an opportunity to increase the rate of flight operations, an improvement in passenger convenience, and the potential to foster the growth of small airports. The small aircraft transportation system, higher volume operations concept will increase capacity at the 3400 nonradar, nontowered airports in the United States where operations are currently restricted to a "one-in, one-out" procedural separation during low visibility or ceilings. The concept's key feature is that pilots maintain their own separation from other aircraft using the air-to-air data link and onboard software within the self-controlled area, an area of flight operations established during poor visibility and low ceilings around an airport without Air Traffic Control services. While pilots self-separate within the self-controlled area, an airport management module located at the airport assigns arriving pilots their sequence based on aircraft performance, position, and Air Traffic Control intent. The higher volume operations concept uses distributed decision making and safe procedures designed to minimize pilot and controller workload and integrates with today's Air Traffic Control environment. This paper summarizes the higher volume operations concept, procedures, research, and results, as well as outlines areas in which future higher volume operations research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Management
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Dispatching
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Traffic control
KW  - OPERATIONS research
N1  - Accession Number: 35664828; Baxley, Brian T. 1 Williams, Daniel 1 Consiglio, Maria 1 Adams, Cathy 1 Abbott, Terence 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  2: Booz—Allen and Hamilton, McLean, Virginia 22102.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1825; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Management; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Dispatching; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Traffic control; Subject Term: OPERATIONS research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
T1  - Calculated Viscous and Scale Effects on Transonic Aeroelasticty.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1863
EP  - 1863
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A viscous-inviscid interactive coupling method is used for the computation of unsteady transonic flows. A lag-entrainment integral boundary layer method is used with a transonic small-disturbance potential code to compute the transonic aeroelastic response for two wing flutter models. By varying the modeled length scale, viscous effects may be studied as the Reynolds number per reference chord length varies. Appropriate variation of modeled frequencies and generalized masses then allows comparison of responses for varying scales or Reynolds number. Two wing flutter models are studied: one a 4% thick swept wing and the other a transport aircraft wing. Calculations for both wings show limit cycle oscillation behavior at transonic speeds in the vicinity of minimum flutter speed indices with amplitudes which are affected by Reynolds number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - TRANSONIC planes
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - WINGS
N1  - Accession Number: 35664831; Edwards, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1863; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC planes; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: WINGS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - An, Jungeun
AU  - Acar, Erdem
AU  - Haftka, Raphael T.
AU  - Kim, Nam H.
AU  - Ifju, Peter G.
AU  - Johnson, Theodore F.
T1  - Being Conservative with a Limited Number of Test Results.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1969
EP  - 1969
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In aircraft structural design, failure stresses are obtained from coupon tests and then used to predict failure under combined loads in structural elements. Structural element tests are next used to update the failure envelope for combined loads. It is a common practice to repeat the element tests and then select the lowest test result as a conservative estimate of the mean failure stress. This practice is equivalent to reducing the average test failure stress by a knockdown factor (one that is quite variable). Instead, we propose using the average test result with an explicit knockdown factor obtained from statistical distribution of the test data. We show reductions in the variability of the estimated mean failure stress as well as the likelihood of unconservative estimate. In addition, when the initial distribution or confidence interval of the mean failure stresses is available, we can further decrease the chance of unconservative estimate using Bayesian updating. We demonstrate the gains associated with Bayesian updating when the upper and lower bounds of errors in the analytical predictions are available. Examples with uniform and lognormal distributions of failure stresses compare the lowest-result approach with the two alternatives with the explicit knockdown factor. Both approaches significantly reduce the likelihood of unconservative estimates of the mean failure stress. The average approach reduced this likelihood by about a half and the Bayesian approach by up to an order of magnitude (from 12.5 to 1%). We also examine scenarios in which estimates of error and variability are substantially inaccurate. We show that, even then, the likelihood of unconservative estimates reduces significantly. Remarkably, an underestimate of variability also results in about a 2% higher average of the estimated mean failure stress. T [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - LOGNORMAL distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 35664841; An, Jungeun 1; Email Address: jean@ufl.edu Acar, Erdem 1; Email Address: acar@etu.edu.tr Haftka, Raphael T. 1; Email Address: haftka@ufl.edu Kim, Nam H. 1; Email Address: nkim@ufl.edu Ifju, Peter G. 1; Email Address: ifju@ufl.edu Johnson, Theodore F. 2; Email Address: Theodore.F.Johnson@nasa.gov.; Affiliation:  1: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1969; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: LOGNORMAL distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paielli, Russell A.
T1  - Tactical Conflict Resolution Using Vertical Maneuvers in En Route Airspace.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2111
EP  - 2111
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An algorithm is presented for computing vertical resolution maneuvers to resolve imminent air traffic conflicts in which loss of separation could occur within two minutes. Several procedures are used, including rejection of altitude amendments that could cause a conflict, temporary altitudes, step altitudes, and critical-level-off confirmation. These methods are tested on archived data from 100 actual operational errors (loss of separation due to controller error), which tend to be more difficult to detect and resolve than routine conflicts that get resolved successfully. Successful resolution was achieved in simulation for 84 of them using vertical maneuvers only. Augmented altitude amendments are then added to the input files to simulate altitude amendments that should have been entered by the controller but were not, or to correct amendments to make them consistent with the pilot's understanding. The number of successful resolutions increased to 94 of the 100 cases. The reasons for the failures are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRCRAFT separation
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Collision avoidance
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - PREVENTION
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 35664855; Paielli, Russell A. 1; Email Address: Russ.Paieli@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p2111; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT separation; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Collision avoidance; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Mahieu, Emmanuel
AU  - Zander, Rodolphe
AU  - Boone, Chris D.
AU  - Bernath, Peter F.
T1  - Measurements of long-term changes in atmospheric OCS (carbonyl sulfide) from infrared solar observations
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 109
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 2679
EP  - 2686
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Multi-decade atmospheric OCS (carbonyl sulfide) infrared measurements have been analyzed with the goal of quantifying long-term changes and evaluating the consistency of the infrared atmospheric OCS remote-sensing measurement record. Solar-viewing grating spectrometer measurements recorded in April 1951 at the Jungfraujoch station (46.5°N latitude, 8.0°E longitude, 3.58km altitude) show evidence for absorption by lines of the strong ν 3 band of OCS at 2062cm−1. The observation predates the earliest previously reported OCS atmosphere remote-sensing measurement by two decades. More recent infrared ground-based measurements of OCS have been obtained primarily with high-resolution solar-viewing Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs). Long-term trends derived from this record span more than two decades and show OCS columns that have remained constant or have decreased slightly with time since the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, though retrievals assuming different versions of public spectroscopic databases have been impacted by OCS ν 3 band line intensity differences of ∼10%. The lower stratospheric OCS trend has been inferred assuming spectroscopic parameters from the high-resolution transmission (HITRAN) 2004 database. Volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles measured near 30°N latitude with high-resolution solar-viewing FTSs operating in the solar occultation mode over a 22 years time span were combined. Atmospheric Trace MOlecucle Spectroscopy (ATMOS) version 3 FTS measurements in 1985 and 1994 were used with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) measurements during 2004–2007. Trends were calculated by referencing the measured OCS VMRs to those of the long-lived constituent N2O to account for variations in the dynamic history of the sampled airmasses. Means and 1-sigma standard deviations of VMRs (in ppbv, or 10−9 per unit air volume) averaged over 30–100hPa from measurements at 25–35°N latitude are 0.334±0.089ppbv from 1985 (ATMOS Spacelab 3 measurements), 0.297±0.094ppbv from 1994 ATLAS 3 measurements, 0.326±0.074ppbv from ACE 2004 measurements, 0.305±0.096ppbv from ACE 2005 measurements, 0.328±0.074 from ACE 2006 measurements, and 0.305±0.090ppbv from ACE measurements through August 2007. Assuming these parameters, we conclude that there has been no statistically significant trend in lower stratospheric OCS over the measurement time span. We discuss past measurement sets, quantify the impact of changes in infrared spectroscopic parameters on atmospheric retrievals and trend measurements, and discuss OCS spectroscopic uncertainties of the current ν 3 band parameters in public atmospheric databases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFIDES
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nitrous oxide
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Long-term lower stratospheric trend
N1  - Accession Number: 34299662; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Chiou, Linda 2; Email Address: linda.s.chiou@nasa.gov Mahieu, Emmanuel 3; Email Address: Emmanuel.Mahieu@ulg.ac.be Zander, Rodolphe 3; Email Address: R.Zander@ulg.ac.be Boone, Chris D. 4; Email Address: cboone@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca Bernath, Peter F. 4,5; Email Address: pfb500@york.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 1 Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août , 17 (B5a /P44B), B-4000 LIEGE (Sart-Tilman), Belgium  4: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1  5: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 109 Issue 16, p2679; Subject Term: SULFIDES; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nitrous oxide; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-term lower stratospheric trend; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.07.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hwang, Soon Muk
AU  - Kojima, Jun N.
AU  - Nguyen, Quang-Viet
AU  - Rabinowitz, Martin J.
T1  - Measurement of collision broadening of the P1(5) line of (0,0) band of OH A2Σ+←X2Π transition at high temperatures
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 109
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 2715
EP  - 2724
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Even for the well-studied and ubiquitous species, OH, the current state of theoretical development of broadening theory does not allow extrapolation from low-temperature laboratory measurements to the range of practical combustion devices. We performed a series of experiments at typical combustion conditions to determine the collision broadening of the P1(5) line of the (0,0) band of OH A2Σ+←X2Π transition by Ar in shock-heated H2–O2–Ar mixtures and by air in H2–air flames over a wide range of stoichiometry (φ=0.01–10.0), temperature (T=780–2440K), and pressure (p=0.7–10.0atm). The values of the collision width, ΔνC, were acquired by fitting Voigt profiles to the measured spectral line shapes in flames and to the peak absorption coefficients (kν0) in shock tube experiments. Collision broadening parameters (2γ Ar, , and ) were then calculated assuming the linear dependence of ΔνC with pressure—the and values were inferred from 2γ Air and the equilibrium concentration of N2 and H2O of a given flame. The temperature dependences of 2γi in our temperature range are, respectively, 1.0, 0.75, and 0.87 for Ar, N2, and H2O. The collision broadening cross sections (σ) deduced from 2γi values are expressed with an assumed form, σi (T)=σi ,0(T 0/T) k , T 0=1000K: for Ar, σ Ar,0=63.3 (Å2), k=0.50; for N2, (Å2), k=0.25; for H2O, (Å2), k=0.37. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLISION broadening
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - Collision broadening cross sections
KW  - Collision broadening widths
KW  - Intermolecular potentials
KW  - OH
KW  - UV absorption spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 34299666; Hwang, Soon Muk 1 Kojima, Jun N. 2 Nguyen, Quang-Viet 3 Rabinowitz, Martin J. 3; Email Address: martin.j.rabinowitz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  2: The Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brook Park Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 109 Issue 16, p2715; Subject Term: COLLISION broadening; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collision broadening cross sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collision broadening widths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermolecular potentials; Author-Supplied Keyword: OH; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV absorption spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weltz, Mark A.
AU  - Jolley, Leonard
AU  - Nearing, Mark
AU  - Stone, Jeff
AU  - Goodrich, Dave
AU  - Spaeth, Ken
AU  - Kiniry, Jim
AU  - Arnold, Jeff
AU  - Bubenheim, David
AU  - Hernandez, Mariano
AU  - Haiyan Wei
T1  - Assessing the benefits of grazing land conservation practices.
JO  - Journal of Soil & Water Conservation
JF  - Journal of Soil & Water Conservation
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 63
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 214A
EP  - 217A
SN  - 00224561
AB  - The article reports on the benefits of the Grazing Land conservation practices included in the Conservation Effects Assessment Project (CEAP). CEAP which is initiated by United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Grazing Land assessment focuses on rangeland, pastureland, and grazed forestland. Its benefits include the development of site-specific risk assessment designed for rangelands. Other benefits are invasive species management through remote sensing and understanding the effect of natural hazards such as wildfire and drought. Furthermore, CEAP also plans to examine several grazing lands resource concerns including plant community status, water quality, soil quality, water conservation, and wildlife habitat.
KW  - CONSERVATION projects (Natural resources)
KW  - GRAZING
KW  - RANGELANDS
KW  - RANGE management
KW  - CONSERVATION of natural resources
KW  - WATER quality
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Agriculture
KW  - UNITED States. Natural Resources Conservation Service
N1  - Accession Number: 35564859; Weltz, Mark A. 1 Jolley, Leonard 2 Nearing, Mark 3 Stone, Jeff 4 Goodrich, Dave 5 Spaeth, Ken 6 Kiniry, Jim 7 Arnold, Jeff 8 Bubenheim, David 9 Hernandez, Mariano 10 Haiyan Wei 11; Affiliation:  1: Rangeland hydrologist, USDA Agricuttural Research Service (ARS), Reno, Nevada  2: Rangeland ecologist, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), Beltsville, Maryland  3: Agricultural engineer, USDA ARS, Tucson, Arizona  4: Hydrologist, USDA ARS, Tucson, Arizona  5: Hydraulic engineer, USDA ARS, Tucson, Arizona  6: Hydrologist, USDA ARS, Boise, Idaho  7: Rangeland hydrologist, USDA NRCS, Ft Worth, Texas  8: Agronomist, USDA ARS, Temple, Texas  9: Agricultural engineer, USDA ARS, Temple, Texas  10: Plant physiologist, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California  11: Hydrologists, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 63 Issue 6, p214A; Subject Term: CONSERVATION projects (Natural resources); Subject Term: GRAZING; Subject Term: RANGELANDS; Subject Term: RANGE management; Subject Term: CONSERVATION of natural resources; Subject Term: WATER quality; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Agriculture Company/Entity: UNITED States. Natural Resources Conservation Service; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2489/swc.63.63.214A
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, Karen T.
AU  - Greene, Frank A.
AU  - Kimmel, Roger
AU  - Alba, Christopher
AU  - Johnson, Heath
T1  - Aerothermodynamic Testing and Boundary-Layer Trip Sizing of the HIFiRE Flight 1 Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1117
EP  - 1124
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An experimental wind-tunnel test was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center's 20 in. Mach 6 air tunnel in support of the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation Program. The information in this paper focuses on the flight 1 configuration, the first in a series of flight experiments. The paper documents the experimental measurements made over Reynolds numbers ranging from 2.1 to 5.6 x 106/ft and angles of attack from -5 to +5 deg on several scaled ceramic heat-transfer models of the flight 1 configuration. Global heal transfer was measured using phosphor thermography, and the resulting images and beat4ransfer distributions were used to infer the state of the boundary layer on the vehicle wind- and it, e-side surfaces. Boundary-layer trips were used to obtain turbulent heating information, and the experimental data highlighted in this paper were used to size and place the boundary-layer trip for the flight vehicle. The required height of the flight boundary-layer trip was determined to be 0.079 in., and the trip was moved from the design location of 7.87 to 20.47 in. to ensure that augmented heating would not impact the laminar side of the vehicle. The allowable roughness was selected to be 3.2 x 10-3 in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - EARTHWORK
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - MINING engineering
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 36002663; Berger, Karen T. 1 Greene, Frank A. 1 Kimmel, Roger 2 Alba, Christopher 3 Johnson, Heath 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433  3: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1117; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EARTHWORK; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: MINING engineering; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.38722
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alba, Christopher R.
AU  - Johnson, Heath B.
AU  - Bartkowicz, Matthew D.
AU  - Candler, Graham V.
AU  - Berger, Karen T.
T1  - Boundary-Layer Stability Calculations for the HIFiRE-1 Transition Experiment.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1125
EP  - 1133
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Boundary-layer stability analysis is performed by computational fluid dynamic simulation of experiments conducted in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center 2g-in. Mach 6 Air Tunnel in support of the first flight of the Hypersonic International Flight Research Experimentation program. From the laminar computational flow solutions, disturbances are calculated using the linear parabolized stability equations to obtain integrated disturbance growth rates. Comparisons are made between the experimentally observed transition locations and the results of the stability analysis. The stability results from the NASA Langley Research Center Air Tunnel are combined with previous work done far the Calspan University at Buffalo Research Center Large-Energy National Shock Tunnel to show excellent correlation between predicted and observed boundary-layer transition locations. Roughness calculations are also performed and a Reynolds number based on trip height is tabulated with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - EARTHWORK
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 36002664; Alba, Christopher R. 1 Johnson, Heath B. 1 Bartkowicz, Matthew D. 1 Candler, Graham V. 1 Berger, Karen T. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455  2: NASA Langley, Research Center, Hampton Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1125; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: EARTHWORK; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.37445
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Sutton, Kenneth
T1  - Nonequilibrium Stagnation-Line Radiative Heating for Fire II.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1185
EP  - 1195
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper presents a detailed analysis of the shock-layer radiative heating to the Fire II vehicle using a new air-radiation model and a viscous shock-layer flowfield model. This new air-radiation model contains the most up-to-date properties for modeling the atomic-line, atomic photoionization, molecular band, and non-Boltzmann processes. The applied viscous shock-layer flowfield analysis contains the same thermophysical properties and nonequilibrium models as the LAURA Navier-Stokes code. Radiation-flowfield coupling, or radiation cooling, is accounted for in detail in this study. It is shown to reduce the radiative heating by about 30% for the peak radiative heating points, although reducing the convective heating only slightly. A detailed review of past Fire II radiative heating studies is presented. It is observed that the scatter in the radiation predicted by these past studies is mostly a result of the different flowfield chemistry models and the treatment of the electronic state populations. The present predictions provide, on average throughout the trajectory, a better comparison with Fire II flight data than any previous study. The magnitude of the vacuum ultraviolet contribution to the radiative flux is estimated from the calorimeter measurements. This is achieved using the radiometer measurements and the predicted convective heating. The vacuum ultraviolet radiation predicted by the present model agrees well with the vacuum ultraviolet contribution inferred from the Fire II calorimeter measurement, although only when radiation-flowfield coupling is accounted for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - RADIATION
N1  - Accession Number: 36002669; Johnston, Christopher O. 1 Hollis, Brian R. 1 Sutton, Kenneth 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 24060; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1185; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: RADIATION; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.33008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36002669&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Lyons, Dan T.
AU  - Tooley, Jeff
AU  - Kangas, Julie
T1  - Entry, Descent, and Landing Operations Analysis for the Stardust Entry Capsule.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1262
EP  - 1268
SN  - 00224650
AB  - On the morning of 15 January 2006, the Stardust capsule successfully landed at the Utah Test and Training Range in northwest Utah, returning cometary, samples from the comet Wild-2. An overview of the entry, descent, and landing trajectory analysis that was performed for targeting during the mission operations phase upon final approach to Earth is described. The final orbit determination solution produced an inertial entry flight-path angle of -8.21 deg (the desired nominal value) with a 3-σ uncertainty of ±0.0017 deg 12% of the requirement). The navigation and entry, descent, and landing operations effort accurately delivered the entry capsule to the desired landing site. The final landing location was 8.1 km from the target, which was well within the allowable landing area. Overall, the Earth approach operation procedures worked welt and there were no issues (logistically or performance-based) that arose. As a result, the process of targeting a capsule from an interplanetary trajectory and accurately landing it on Earth was successfully demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - NAVIGATION
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - COMETS
KW  - UTAH
N1  - Accession Number: 36002677; Desai, Prasun N. 1; Email Address: prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov Lyons, Dan T. 2; Email Address: daniel.t.lyons@jpl.nasa.gov Tooley, Jeff 2; Email Address: jeffrey.tooley@jpl.nasa.gov Kangas, Julie 2; Email Address: julie.a.kangas@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1262; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: NAVIGATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: UTAH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.37090
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Covington, M. A.
AU  - Heinemann, J. M.
AU  - Golstein, H. E.
AU  - Chen, Y.-K.
AU  - Terrazas-Salinas, I.
AU  - Balboni, J. A.
AU  - Olejniczak, J.
AU  - Martinez, E. R.
T1  - Erratum on Performance of a Low Density Ablative Heat Shield Material.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 1330
EP  - 1330
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A correction to the article about the performance of a low density ablative heat shield material, that was published in the July-August 2008 issue is presented.
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 36002686; Covington, M. A. 1 Heinemann, J. M. 1 Golstein, H. E. 2 Chen, Y.-K. 3 Terrazas-Salinas, I. 3 Balboni, J. A. 3 Olejniczak, J. 3 Martinez, E. R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Eloret Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086  2: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1330; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.2514/1.40598
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yuekui Yang
AU  - Marshak, Alexander
AU  - Chiu, J. Christine
AU  - Wiscombe, Warren J.
AU  - Palm, Stephen P.
AU  - Davis, Anthony B.
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
AU  - Spinhirne, James D.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - Retrievals of Thick Cloud Optical Depth from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) by Calibration of Solar Background Signal.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 65
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3513
EP  - 3526
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Laser beams emitted from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), as well as other spaceborne laser instruments, can only penetrate clouds to a limit of a few optical depths. As a result, only optical depths of thinner clouds (< about 3 for GLAS) are retrieved from the reflected lidar signal. This paper presents a comprehensive study of possible retrievals of optical depth of thick clouds using solar background light and treating GLAS as a solar radiometer. To do so one must first calibrate the reflected solar radiation received by the photon-counting detectors of the GLAS 532-nm channel, the primary channel for atmospheric products. Solar background radiation is regarded as a noise to be subtracted in the retrieval process of the lidar products. However, once calibrated, it becomes a signal that can be used in studying the properties of optically thick clouds. In this paper, three calibration methods are presented: (i) calibration with coincident airborne and GLAS observations, (ii) calibration with coincident Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) and GLAS observations of deep convective clouds, and (iii) calibration from first principles using optical depth of thin water clouds over ocean retrieved by GLAS active remote sensing. Results from the three methods agree well with each other. Cloud optical depth (COD) is retrieved from the calibrated solar background signal using a one-channel retrieval. Comparison with COD retrieved from GOES during GLAS overpasses shows that the average difference between the two retrievals is 24%. As an example, the COD values retrieved from GLAS solar background are illustrated for a marine stratocumulus cloud field that is too thick to be penetrated by the GLAS laser. Based on this study, optical depths for thick clouds will be provided as a supplementary product to the existing operational GLAS cloud products in future GLAS data releases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER beams
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - ALTIMETERS
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
KW  - METEOROLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 35334014; Yuekui Yang 1; Email Address: yuekui@umbc.edu Marshak, Alexander 2 Chiu, J. Christine 3 Wiscombe, Warren J. 2 Palm, Stephen P. 4 Davis, Anthony B. 5 Spangenberg, Douglas A. 4 Nguyen, Louis 6 Spinhirne, James D. 2 Minnis, Patrick 6; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  3: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland  5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 65 Issue 11, p3513; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: ALTIMETERS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAS2744.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saini, Viney
AU  - Biris, Alexandru S.
AU  - Dervishi, Enkeleda
AU  - Li, Zhongrui
AU  - Biris, Alexandru R.
AU  - Lupu, Dan
AU  - Little, Reginald B.
AU  - Trigwell, Steve
AU  - Rahman, Zia
AU  - Saini, Divey
T1  - Carbon Nanotubes Grown by RF Heating and Their Morphological and Structural Properties.
JO  - Particulate Science & Technology
JF  - Particulate Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/11//Nov/Dec2008
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 521
EP  - 528
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 02726351
AB  - Multiwall and single-wall carbon nanotubes were synthesized on Fe-Co/CaCO3 and a Fe-Co/MgO catalyst system, respectively, by using two different catalytic chemical vapor deposition methods, external furnace (EF) heating and radio frequency (RF) excitation. The carbon nanotubes synthesized with radio frequency excitation have a smaller outer diameter, fewer layers (smaller outer/inner diameter ratio), and better crystalline properties than the nanotubes grown with external furnace heating. The radio frequency process was found to be responsible for a faster growth rate of the carbon nanotubes over longer periods of time due to a higher localized heating. These findings can be explained by the skin currents induced in the metallic catalytic clusters, which keep the catalysts active for longer periods of time and diminish the amount of noncrystalline carbon formed in the synthesis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Particulate Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - KILNS
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - VAPOR-plating
KW  - carbon nanotubes
KW  - chemical vapor deposition
KW  - gas analysis
KW  - magnetic catalysts
KW  - radio frequency
KW  - solid-gas interface
N1  - Accession Number: 35383591; Saini, Viney 1; Email Address: vxsaini@ualr.edu Biris, Alexandru S. 1; Email Address: asbiris@ualr.edu Dervishi, Enkeleda 1 Li, Zhongrui 1 Biris, Alexandru R. 2 Lupu, Dan 2 Little, Reginald B. 3 Trigwell, Steve 4 Rahman, Zia 5 Saini, Divey 6; Affiliation:  1: Applied Science Department and Arkansas Nanotechnology Center, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA  2: National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania  3: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA  4: U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA  5: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA  6: Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2008, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p521; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: KILNS; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Subject Term: VAPOR-plating; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic catalysts; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: solid-gas interface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236210 Industrial Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02726350802498681
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jonathan M.
AU  - Ellis, Stephen R.
AU  - Hasser, Christopher J.
AU  - Stern, John D.
T1  - Effect of reduced stereoscopic camera separation on ring placement with a surgical telerobot.
JO  - Surgical Endoscopy
JF  - Surgical Endoscopy
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 22
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2396
EP  - 2400
SN  - 09302794
AB  - A custom, stereoscopic video camera was built to study the impact of decreased camera separation on a stereoscopically viewed, visual–manual task resembling some aspects of surgery. Twelve naïve subjects and one of the experimenters were first trained in a ring placement task using the stereo-laparoscope and subsequently switched to the stereo-camera, which was used with differing camera separations ranging from 100% of the laparoscope’s separation to a biocular view corresponding to no separation (2D). The results suggest firstly, that stereopsis (i.e., use of 3D laparoscopes) improves surgical performance over conventional 2D laparoscopes, and secondly that camera separation may be reduced 20–35% without appreciably degrading user performance. Even a 50% reduction in separation resulted in stereoscopically supported performance far superior compared to the 2D condition. The results suggest that existing 3D laparoscopes which use 5-mm camera separation may well be significantly miniaturized without causing substantial performance degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surgical Endoscopy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENDOSCOPES
KW  - LAPAROSCOPES
KW  - SURGICAL instruments & apparatus
KW  - SURGERY
KW  - THERAPEUTICS
KW  - Human factors
KW  - Intercamera distance
KW  - Laparoscopic surgery
KW  - Stereoscopic display
N1  - Accession Number: 34748856; Fishman, Jonathan M. 1,2; Email Address: jfishman@doctors.org.uk Ellis, Stephen R. 2 Hasser, Christopher J. 3 Stern, John D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 22 Issue 11, p2396; Subject Term: ENDOSCOPES; Subject Term: LAPAROSCOPES; Subject Term: SURGICAL instruments & apparatus; Subject Term: SURGERY; Subject Term: THERAPEUTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intercamera distance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laparoscopic surgery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stereoscopic display; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00464-008-0032-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bol’shakov, A. A.
AU  - Cruden, B. A.
T1  - Diagnostics of the inductively coupled plasma by diode laser absorption spectroscopy.
JO  - Technical Physics
JF  - Technical Physics
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1423
EP  - 1432
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 10637842
AB  - A vertical-cavity surface-emitting diode laser is used as a tunable emission source to measure the radius-integrated gas temperature in an inductively coupled plasma reactor. Relevant data are obtained by profiling the Doppler-broadened absorption of metastable Ar atoms at 763.51 nm in argon and argon-nitrogen (3, 45, and 90% N2 in Ar) plasmas in the pressure range 0.5–70.0 Pa and at an inductive power of 100 and 300 W. The results are compared with the rotational temperature of molecular nitrogen. The difference between the integrated rotational and Doppler temperatures is attributed to the nonuniform spatial distributions of the temperature and thermometric atomic and molecular species (Ar* and N*2). These distributions are computed in terms of the nonequilibrium hydrodynamic model of plasma. The objective of this work is to develop a contactless (nonintrusive) technique for measuring the temperature and concentration of different particles in the reactor with a microsensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Technical Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA diagnostics
KW  - LASERS
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR diodes
KW  - DOPPLER effect
N1  - Accession Number: 35176557; Bol’shakov, A. A. 1; Email Address: alexandb@mail.ru Cruden, B. A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Fock Institute of Physics , St. Petersburg State University , ul. Ul’yanovskaya 1 St. Petersburg 198504 Russia  2: NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 53 Issue 11, p1423; Subject Term: PLASMA diagnostics; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR diodes; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1134/S1063784208110054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manning, R. M.
T1  - The relationship between the solutions of the parabolic equation method and first Rytov approximation in stochastic wave propagation theory.
JO  - Waves in Random & Complex Media
JF  - Waves in Random & Complex Media
Y1  - 2008/11//
VL  - 18
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 615
EP  - 621
SN  - 17455030
AB  - The source of the curious exact agreement between the predictions of the disparate approaches of weak and strong fluctuation theory for the mutual coherence functions of plane and spherical wave propagation is identified. It is found that the linear approximation of the Ricatti equation that results within the Rytov method reduces to the parabolic equation of strong fluctuation theory only for the plane and spherical wave cases. Such a reduction does not prevail for the general beam wave case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Waves in Random & Complex Media is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - PARABOLIC differential equations
KW  - WEBER functions
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - BEAM dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 34727719; Manning, R. M. 1; Email Address: Robert.M.Manning@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Communications Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p615; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: PARABOLIC differential equations; Subject Term: WEBER functions; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: BEAM dynamics; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/17455030802232737
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Trepte, Qing Z.
AU  - Szedung Sun-Mack
AU  - Yan Chen
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Young, David F.
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Brown, Ricky R.
AU  - Gibson, Sharon C.
AU  - Geier, Erika B.
T1  - Cloud Detection in Nonpolar Regions for CERES Using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/11/02/Nov2008 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 46
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3857
EP  - 3884
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Objective techniques have been developed to consistently identify cloudy pixels over nonpolar regions in multispectral imager data coincident with measurements taken by the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Terra, and Aqua satellites. The daytime method uses the 0.65-, 3.8-, 10.8-, and 12.0-μm channels on the TRMM Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and the Terra and Aqua MODIS. The VIRS and Terra 1.6-μm channel and the Aqua 1.38- and 2.1-μm channels are used secondarily. The primary nighttime radiances are from the 3.8-, 10.8-, and 12.0-μm channels. Significant differences were found between the VIRS and Terra 1.6-μm and the Terra and Aqua 3.8-μm channels' calibrations. Cascading threshold tests provide clear or cloudy classifications that are qualified according to confidence levels or other conditions, such as sunglint, that affect the classification. The initial infrared threshold test classifies ∼43% of the pixels as clouds. The next level seeks consistency in three (two) different channels during daytime (nighttime) and accounts for roughly 40% (25%) of the pixels. The third tier uses refined thresholds to classify remaining pixels. For cloudy pixels, ∼4% yield no retrieval when analyzed with a cloud retrieval algorithm. The techniques were applied to data between 1998 and 2006 to yield average nonpolar cloud amounts of ∼0.60. Averages among the platforms differ by < 0.01 and are comparable to surface climatological values, but roughly 0.07 less than means from two other satellite analyses, primarily as a result of missing small subpixel and thin clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - CLOUDS -- Photographs from space
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - Cloud
KW  - cloud detection
KW  - cloud mask
KW  - Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS)
N1  - Accession Number: 35693694; Minnis, Patrick 1 Trepte, Qing Z. 2 Szedung Sun-Mack 2 Yan Chen 2 Doelling, David R. 1 Young, David F. 1 Spangenberg, Douglas A. 2 Miller, Walter F. 2 Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Brown, Ricky R. 2 Gibson, Sharon C. 2 Geier, Erika B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 USA.  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666 USA.; Source Info: Nov2008 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 46 Issue 11, p3857; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Photographs from space; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud mask; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gençağa, Deniz
AU  - Carbon, Duane F.
AU  - Knuth, Kevin H.
T1  - Characterization of Interstellar Organic Molecules.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/11/07/
VL  - 1073
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 286
EP  - 293
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Understanding the origins of life has been one of the greatest dreams throughout history. It is now known that star-forming regions contain complex organic molecules, known as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), each of which has particular infrared spectral characteristics. By understanding which PAH species are found in specific star-forming regions, we can better understand the biochemistry that takes place in interstellar clouds. Identifying and classifying PAHs is not an easy task: we can only observe a single superposition of PAH spectra at any given astrophysical site, with the PAH species perhaps numbering in the hundreds or even thousands. This is a challenging source separation problem since we have only one observation composed of numerous mixed sources. However, it is made easier with the help of a library of hundreds of PAH spectra. In order to separate PAH molecules from their mixture, we need to identify the specific species and their unique concentrations that would provide the given mixture. We develop a Bayesian approach for this problem where sources are separated from their mixture by Metropolis Hastings algorithm. Separated PAH concentrations are provided with their error bars, illustrating the uncertainties involved in the estimation process. The approach is demonstrated on synthetic spectral mixtures using spectral resolutions from the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). Performance of the method is tested for different noise levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Astropliysics
KW  - Bayesian Source Separation
KW  - Spectral Estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 35178510; Gençağa, Deniz 1 Carbon, Duane F. 2 Knuth, Kevin H. 1; Affiliation:  1: University at Albany, Department of Physics, Albany, NY, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 11/7/2008, Vol. 1073 Issue 1, p286; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astropliysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian Source Separation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral Estimation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3039011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - BAKER, D. JAMES
AU  - SCHAEFER, MARK
AU  - KENNEL, CHARLES F.
AU  - GIBBONS, JOHN H.
AU  - GROAT, CHARLES G.
AU  - KENNEDY, DONALD
AU  - REJESKI, DAVID
T1  - Environmental Agencies: Lessons Learned.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/11/07/
VL  - 322
IS  - 5903
M3  - Letter
SP  - 855
EP  - 856
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor in response to a previous letter about the creation of a federal research agency is presented.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 35580607; BAKER, D. JAMES 1; Email Address: djamesbaker@comcast.net SCHAEFER, MARK 2; Email Address: markschaefer24@msn.com KENNEL, CHARLES F. 3; Email Address: ckennel@ucsd.edu GIBBONS, JOHN H. 4; Email Address: jackgibbons@hughes.net GROAT, CHARLES G. 5; Email Address: cgroat@mail.utexas.edu KENNEDY, DONALD 6; Email Address: kennedyd@stanford.edu REJESKI, DAVID; Email Address: david.rejeski@wilsoncenter.org; Affiliation:  1: Administrator, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association  2: Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Interior, Acting Director of the U.E. Geological Survey  3: Associate Administrator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Director of Mission to Planet Earth  4: Director, White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, Science Adviser to the President  5: Director, U.S. Geological Survey  6: Commissioner, Food and Drug Administration; Source Info: 11/7/2008, Vol. 322 Issue 5903, p855; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shariff, Karim
AU  - Leonard, Anthony
AU  - Ferziger, Joel H.
T1  - A contour dynamics algorithm for axisymmetric flow
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2008/11/10/
VL  - 227
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 9044
EP  - 9062
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The method of contour dynamics, developed for two-dimensional vortex patches by Zabusky et al. [N.J. Zabusky, M.H. Hughes, K.V. Roberts, Contour dynamics for the Euler equations in two-dimensions, J. Comp. Phys. 30 (1979) 96–106] is extended to vortex rings in which the vorticity distribution varies linearly with normal distance from the symmetry axis. The method tracks the motion of the boundaries of the vorticity regions and hence reduces the dimensionality of the problem by one. We discuss the formulation and implementation of the scheme, verify its accuracy and convergence, and present illustrative examples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - STATICS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - Contour dynamics
KW  - Vortex rings
KW  - Vorticity dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 34446455; Shariff, Karim 1; Email Address: kshariff@mail.arc.nasa.gov Leonard, Anthony 2; Email Address: tony@galcit.caltech.edu Ferziger, Joel H. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Graduate Aeronautical Laboratories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States  3: Flow Physics and Computation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 227 Issue 21, p9044; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Contour dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vortex rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vorticity dynamics; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.10.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, J. E.
AU  - Carmichael, G. R.
AU  - Mena-Carrasco, M.
AU  - Chai, T.
AU  - Tang, Y.
AU  - Blake, D. R.
AU  - Blake, N. J.
AU  - Vay, S. A.
AU  - Collatz, G. J.
AU  - Baker, I.
AU  - Berry, J. A.
AU  - Montzka, S. A.
AU  - Sweeney, C.
AU  - Schnoor, J. L.
AU  - Stanier, C. O.
T1  - Photosynthetic Control of Atmospheric Carbonyl Sulfide During the Growing Season.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/11/14/
VL  - 322
IS  - 5904
M3  - Article
SP  - 1085
EP  - 1088
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Climate models incorporate photosynthesis-climate feedbacks, yet we lack robust tools for large-scale assessments of these processes. Recent work suggests that carbonyl sulfide (COS), a trace gas consumed by plants, could provide a valuable constraint on photosynthesis. Here we analyze airborne observations of COS and carbon dioxide concentrations during the growing season over North America with a three-dimensional atmospheric transport model. We successfully modeled the persistent vertical drawdown of atmospheric COS using the quantitative relation between COS and photosynthesis that has been measured in plant chamber experiments. Furthermore, this drawdown is driven by plant uptake rather than other continental and oceanic fluxes in the model. These results provide quantitative evidence that COS gradients in the continental growing season may have broad use as a measurement-based photosynthesis tracer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONYL compounds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SULFIDES
KW  - CLIMATE research
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- Research
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AIR pollution monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 35781366; Campbell, J. E. 1,2; Email Address: ecampbell3@ucmerced.edu Carmichael, G. R. 3 Mena-Carrasco, M. 4,5 Chai, T. 6 Tang, Y. 3 Blake, D. R. 7 Blake, N. J. 7 Vay, S. A. 8 Collatz, G. J. 9 Baker, I. 10 Berry, J. A. 11 Montzka, S. A. 12 Sweeney, C. 13 Schnoor, J. L. 1 Stanier, C. O. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA  2: College of Engineering, University of California, Merced, CA 95344, USA  3: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA  4: Department of Environmental Engineering, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile  5: Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  7: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Ca, 92697, USA  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  9: Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  10: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA  11: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  12: Global Monitoring Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  13: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80304, USA; Source Info: 11/14/2008, Vol. 322 Issue 5904, p1085; Subject Term: CARBONYL compounds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SULFIDES; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- Research; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AIR pollution monitoring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
AU  - Roth, Don J.
AU  - Rauser, Richard W.
AU  - Cawley, James D.
AU  - Curry, Donald M.
T1  - Oxidation through coating cracks of SiC-protected carbon/carbon
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2008/11/25/
VL  - 203
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 372
EP  - 383
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: The oxidation of SiC-protected carbon/carbon through machined slots and naturally occurring craze cracks in the SiC was studied. The slot and crack geometries were characterized, and the subsurface oxidation of the carbon/carbon substrate at temperatures of 1000 to 1300 °C in air was assessed using weight change, X-ray computed tomography, and optical microscopy of sections. Rate constants were derived from these measurements and compared with a two-step diffusion control model of carbon oxidation. This model included gas phase diffusion in the channel through the SiC coating and in the growing oxidation cavity within the substrate. Oxidation measurements from sections were the most accurate and also agreed well with the model. Oxidation measurements from weight loss were higher than the model which is likely due to other contributions to net weight loss besides oxidation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
KW  - Carbon/carbon
KW  - Coatings
KW  - Non-destructive evaluation
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Silicon carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 35069718; Jacobson, Nathan S. 1; Email Address: nathan.s.jacobson@nasa.gov Roth, Don J. 1 Rauser, Richard W. 2 Cawley, James D. 3 Curry, Donald M. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States  3: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, United States; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 203 Issue 3/4, p372; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon/carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-destructive evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2008.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - Exoplanets---Seeing Is Believing.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/11/28/
VL  - 322
IS  - 5906
M3  - Article
SP  - 1335
EP  - 1337
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses the two main methodologies of discovering extrasolar planets, radial velocity surveys which detect the motion of a star induced by its orbiting partner and searches for planets that transit their primary stars. This latter methodology provides radii densities and atmospheric properties inferred partly from absorption of the star's light. Two studies provide images of the glow of faint planetary companions that are clearly orbiting stars. One presents images from the Hubble Space Telescope, while the other presents a series of infrared images.
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - LIGHT absorption
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 36183040; Marley, Mark S. 1; Email Address: mark.s.marley@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/28/2008, Vol. 322 Issue 5906, p1335; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: LIGHT absorption; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Post, Robert B.
AU  - Welch, Robert B.
AU  - Whitney, David
T1  - Egocentric and allocentric localization during induced motion.
JO  - Experimental Brain Research
JF  - Experimental Brain Research
Y1  - 2008/11/30/
VL  - 191
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 504
SN  - 00144819
AB  - This research examined motor measures of the apparent egocentric location and perceptual measures of the apparent allocentric location of a target that was being seen to undergo induced motion (IM). In Experiments 1 and 3, subjects fixated a stationary dot (IM target) while a rectangular surround stimulus (inducing stimulus) oscillated horizontally. The inducing stimulus motion caused the IM target to appear to move in the opposite direction. In Experiment 1, two dots (flashed targets) were flashed above and below the IM target when the surround had reached its leftmost or rightmost displacement from the subject’s midline. Subjects pointed open-loop at either the apparent egocentric location of the IM target or at the bottom of the two flashed targets. On separate trials, subjects made judgments of the Vernier alignment of the IM target with the flashed targets at the endpoints of the surround’s oscillation. The pointing responses were displaced in the direction of the previously seen IM for the IM target and to a lesser degree for the bottom flashed target. However, the allocentric Vernier judgments demonstrated no perceptual displacement of the IM target relative to the flashed targets. Thus, IM results in a dissociation of egocentric location measures from allocentric location measures. In Experiment 2, pointing and Vernier measures were obtained with stationary horizontally displaced surrounds and there was no dissociation of egocentric location measures from allocentric location measures. These results indicate that the Roelofs effect did not produce the pattern of results in Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, pointing and Vernier measures were obtained when the surround was at the midpoint of an oscillation. In this case, egocentric pointing responses were displaced in the direction of surround motion (opposite IM) for the IM target and to a greater degree for the bottom flashed target. However, there was no apparent displacement of the IM target relative to the flashed targets in the allocentric Vernier judgments. Therefore, in Experiment 3 egocentric location measures were again dissociated from allocentric location measures. The results of this experiment also demonstrate that IM does not generate an allocentric displacement illusion analogous to the “flash-lag” effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Brain Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EGOISM
KW  - MOTION
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - VERNIERS
KW  - LOCALIZATION theory
KW  - Induced motion
KW  - Localization
KW  - Motion perception
N1  - Accession Number: 34950944; Post, Robert B. 1; Email Address: rbpost@ucdavis.edu Welch, Robert B. 2 Whitney, David 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MoVett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  3: Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Source Info: Nov2008, Vol. 191 Issue 4, p495; Subject Term: EGOISM; Subject Term: MOTION; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: VERNIERS; Subject Term: LOCALIZATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Induced motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Localization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motion perception; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00221-008-1550-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, James L.
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
T1  - Toward Verification of Unstructured-Grid Solvers.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 46
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3070
EP  - 3070
SN  - 00011452
AB  - New methodology for verification of finite volume computational methods using unstructured grids is presented. The discretization-order properties are studied in computational windows, easily constructed within a collection of grids or a single grid. Tests are performed within each window and address a combination of problem-, solution-, and discretization/grid-related features affecting discretization-error convergence. The windows can be adjusted to isolate particular elements of the computational scheme, such as the interior discretization, the boundary discretization, or singularities. Studies can use traditional grid-refinement computations within a fixed window or downscaling, a recently introduced technique in which computations are made within windows contracting toward a focal point of interest. Grids within the windows are constrained to be consistently refined, allowing a meaningful assessment of asymptotic error convergence on unstructured grids. Demonstrations of the method are shown, including a comparative accuracy assessment of commonly used schemes on general mixed grids and the identification of local accuracy deterioration at boundary intersections. Recommendations to enable attainment of design-order discretization errors for large-scale computational simulations are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - SINGULARITIES (Mathematics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - FINITE volume method
N1  - Accession Number: 35533798; Thomas, James L. 1; Email Address: James.L.Thomas@nasa.gov Diskin, Boris 2; Email Address: bdiskin@nianet.org Rumsey, Christopher L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666.; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 46 Issue 12, p3070; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: SINGULARITIES (Mathematics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nichols, Robert H.
AU  - Trame, Robert W.
AU  - Buning, Pieter G.
T1  - Evaluation of Two High-Order Weighted Essentially Nonoscillatory Schemes.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 46
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3090
EP  - 3090
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Two fifth-order spatial weighted essentially nonoscillatory schemes for the convective terms were added to the OVERFLOW 2 implicit overset Navier—Stokes flow solver. The method used to incorporate the schemes is similar to a monotone upstream-centered scheme for conservation laws and requires no modification of the viscous terms, transport equations, or turbulence models in the code. The new flux calculation schemes were applied to problems involving vortex convection, strong shocks, and large scale unsteady flows. The weighted essentially nonoscillatory schemes were found to have much lower numerical dissipation/dispersion than traditional third-order spatial monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws. Both weighted essentially nonoscillatory schemes were numerically robust over a wide range of Mach numbers when solved using the existing implicit schemes within OVERFLOW 2. The weighted essentially nonoscillatory schemes also provided improved numerical accuracy over traditional third-order spatial monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws on the same computational grid for all the applications examined here. The weighted essentially nonoscillatory schemes are 10- 30% more expensive than the third-order spatial monotone upstream-centered schemes for conservation laws depending on choice of implicit solver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 35533800; Nichols, Robert H. 1 Trame, Robert W. 2 Buning, Pieter G. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Alabama, Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294.  2: Digital Fusion, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama 35806.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 46 Issue 12, p3090; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Subject Term: MACH number; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jun Kojima
AU  - Quang-Viet Nguyen
T1  - Observation of Turbulent Mixing in Lean-Direct-Injection Combustion at Elevated Pressure.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 46
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3116
EP  - 3116
SN  - 00011452
AB  - We report the first quantitative single-shot multiscalar data obtained from a realistic air-fed lean-direct-injection burner operating on gaseous methane (CH4) fuel at elevated pressure (5 atm) using single-shot spontaneous Raman spectroscopy. From a statistical analysis of the multiscalar data, we present spatially mapped probability density functions of the concentration of CH4 and O2, and the instantaneous temperature. The measured three-scalar correlations and probability density functions provide insights into the nature and extent of the mixing process and its impact on the subsequent combustion process. The data will also be useful for comparison with the various turbulence—chemistry interaction models such as large-eddy simulation. The swirl-stabilized flame investigated in this paper was characterized as operating in a partially premixed combustion regime that was dominated by turbulent mixing provided by the lean-direct-injection configuration. Although a majority of the single-shot data indicated complete or near-complete reactions including stoichiometric combustion, a considerable number of the data points exhibited incomplete combustion characterized by a substantial amount of residual fuel at intermediate temperatures or were simply unreacted with little or no preheating of the mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - MIXING
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - HIGH pressure (Technology)
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - METHANE
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - EDDIES
N1  - Accession Number: 35533802; Jun Kojima 1 Quang-Viet Nguyen 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142.  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 46 Issue 12, p3116; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: MIXING; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Technology); Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: EDDIES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osipov, V. V.
AU  - Muratov, C. B.
T1  - Dynamic condensation blocking in cryogenic refueling.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/12//12/1/2008
VL  - 93
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 224105
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We demonstrate that a negative feedback between vapor pressure and condensation rate may be established in two-phase systems during vapor compression with rates of practical importance. As a result, dynamic condensation blocking occurs. The effect is studied numerically in the case of filling a no-vent insulated tank by liquid hydrogen. It is shown that the filling dynamics quite sensitively depends on the filling rate, and for sufficiently fast filling rates consist of a fast stage dominated by gas compression and a slow stage governed by heat conduction in the liquid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VAPOR pressure
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - OXYGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 35763834; Osipov, V. V. 1 Muratov, C. B. 2; Email Address: muratov@njit.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mission Critical Technologies, Inc., 2041 Rosecrans Avenue, Suite 225, El Segundo, California 90245, USA and Intelligent Systems Division, D&SH Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2008, Vol. 93 Issue 22, p224105; Subject Term: VAPOR pressure; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: OXYGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3025674
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - E.M.  Hausrath
AU  - A.H.  Treiman
AU  - E.  Vicenzi
AU  - D.L.  Bish
AU  - D.  Blake
AU  - P.  Sarrazin
AU  - T.  Hoehler
AU  - I.  Midtkandal
AU  - A.  Steele
AU  - S.L.  Brantley
T1  - Short- and Long-Term Olivine Weathering in Svalbard: Implications for Mars.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1079
EP  - 1092
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractLiquid water is essential to life as we know it on Earth; therefore, the search for water on Mars is a critical component of the search for life. Olivine, a mineral identified as present on Mars, has been proposed as an indicator of the duration and characteristics of water because it dissolves quickly, particularly under low-pH conditions. The duration of olivine persistence relative to glass under conditions of aqueous alteration reflects the pH and temperature of the reacting fluids. In this paper, we investigate the utility of 3 methodologies to detect silicate weathering in a Mars analog environment (Sverrefjell volcano, Svalbard). CheMin, a miniature X-ray diffraction instrument developed for flight on NASA''s upcoming Mars Science Laboratory, was deployed on Svalbard and was successful in detecting olivine and weathering products. The persistence of olivine and glass in Svalbard rocks was also investigated via laboratory observations of weathered hand samples as well as an in situburial experiment. Observations of hand samples are consistent with the inference that olivine persists longer than glass at near-zero temperatures in the presence of solutions at pH ∼7–9 on Svalbard, whereas in hydrothermally altered zones, glass has persisted longer than olivine in the presence of fluids at similar pH at ∼50°C. Analysis of the surfaces of olivine and glass samples, which were buried on Sverrefjell for 1 year and then retrieved, documented only minor incipient weathering, though these results suggest the importance of biological impacts. The 3 types of observations (CheMin, laboratory observations of hand samples, burial experiments) of weathering of olivine and glass at Svalbard show promise for interpretation of weathering on Mars. Furthermore, the weathering relationships observed on Svalbard are consistent with laboratory-measured dissolution rates, which suggests that relative mineral dissolution rates in the laboratory, in concert with field observations, can be used to yield valuable information regarding the pH and temperature of reacting martian fluids. Astrobiology 8, 1079–1092. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EROSION
KW  - HYDROSTATICS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - PERMEABILITY
N1  - Accession Number: 36372955; E.M.  Hausrath 1,2 A.H.  Treiman 3 E.  Vicenzi 4 D.L.  Bish 5 D.  Blake 6 P.  Sarrazin 7 T.  Hoehler 6 I.  Midtkandal 8 A.  Steele 9 S.L.  Brantley 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  3: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas.  4: Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  7: inXitu, Inc., Mountain View, California.  8: Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.  9: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p1079; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: HYDROSTATICS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Ojard, Greg
AU  - Miller, Robert
AU  - Gowayed, Yasser
AU  - Santhosh, Unni
AU  - Ahmad, Jalees
AU  - John, Reji
T1  - Tensile creep and fatigue of Sylramic-iBN melt-infiltrated SiC matrix composites: Retained properties, damage development, and failure mechanisms
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 68
IS  - 15/16
M3  - Article
SP  - 3305
EP  - 3313
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: An understanding of the elevated temperature tensile creep, fatigue, rupture, and retained properties of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) envisioned for use in gas turbine engine applications is essential for component design and life-prediction. In order to quantify the effect of stress, time, temperature, and oxidation for a state-of-the-art composite system, a wide variety of tensile creep, dwell fatigue, and cyclic fatigue experiments were performed in air at 1204°C for the SiC/SiC CMC system consisting of Sylramic-iBN SiC fibers, BN fiber interphase coating, and slurry-cast melt-infiltrated (MI) SiC-based matrix. Tests were either taken to failure or interrupted. Interrupted tests were then mechanically tested at room temperature to determine the residual properties. The retained properties of most of the composites subjected to tensile creep or fatigue were usually within 20% of the as-produced strength and 10% of the as-produced elastic modulus. It was observed that during creep, residual stresses in the composite are altered to some extent which results in an increased compressive stress in the matrix upon cooling and a subsequent increased stress required to form matrix cracks. Microscopy of polished sections and the fracture surfaces of specimens which failed during stressed-oxidation or after the room-temperature retained property test was performed on some of the specimens in order to quantify the nature and extent of damage accumulation that occurred during the test. It was discovered that the distribution of stress-dependent matrix cracking at 1204°C was similar to the as-produced composites at room temperature; however, matrix crack growth occurred over time and typically did not appear to propagate through-the-thickness except at the final failure crack. Failure of the composites was due to either oxidation-induced unbridged crack growth, which dominated the higher stress regime (⩾179MPa) or controlled by degradation of the fibers, probably caused by intrinsic creep-induced flaw growth of the fibers or internal attack of the fibers via Si diffusion through the CVI SiC and/or microcracks at the lower stress regime (⩽165MPa). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC-matrix composites
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - A. Ceramic matrix composites
KW  - B. Creep
KW  - B. Fatigue
KW  - B. Matrix cracking
KW  - D. Acoustic emission
N1  - Accession Number: 35204855; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: gmorscher@sbcglobal.net Ojard, Greg 2 Miller, Robert 2 Gowayed, Yasser 3 Santhosh, Unni 4 Ahmad, Jalees 4 John, Reji 5; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Pratt and Whitney, East Hartford, CT, USA  3: Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  4: Research Applications Inc., San Diego, CA, USA  5: Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXLMN, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 68 Issue 15/16, p3305; Subject Term: CERAMIC-matrix composites; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Matrix cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Acoustic emission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.08.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carlson, Anders E.
AU  - Oppo, Delia W.
AU  - Came, Rosemarie E.
AU  - LeGrande, Allegra N.
AU  - Keigwin, Lloyd D.
AU  - Curry, William B.
T1  - Subtropical Atlantic salinity variability and Atlantic meridional circulation during the last deglaciation.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 36
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 991
EP  - 994
SN  - 00917613
AB  - During the last deglaciation (ca. 21-10 ka), freshening of the North Atlantic surface likely caused reductions in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC); the mechanisms related to AMOC recovery remain poorly understood. Here we present three new deglacial surface temperature and δ18Oseawater (δ18Osw) reconstructions from the western subtropical North and South Atlantic. Similarities to tropical Caribbean and western Atlantic δ18Osw records suggest that a salty surface water mass accumulated in the western Atlantic from 27°S to 33°N during periods of reduced AMOC. However, δ18Osw decreases led deep AMOC resumption by hundreds of years. We suggest that the northward export of salt previously trapped in the western Atlantic resulted in the early establishment of a shallow overturning circulation that eventually culminated in deep AMOC resumption, implying that AMOC may constitute a self-limiting system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MERIDIONAL overturning circulation
KW  - OCEAN circulation
KW  - SEAWATER
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - DIFFERENCES
KW  - SALINE waters
KW  - SALT
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ATLANTIC Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 35434240; Carlson, Anders E. 1; Email Address: acarlson@geology.wisc.edu Oppo, Delia W. 2 Came, Rosemarie E. 3 LeGrande, Allegra N. 4 Keigwin, Lloyd D. 2 Curry, William B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.  2: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA.  3: Department of Geological Sciences, Jackson School of Geoscience, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78713, USA.  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, New York 10025, USA.; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 36 Issue 12, p991; Subject Term: MERIDIONAL overturning circulation; Subject Term: OCEAN circulation; Subject Term: SEAWATER; Subject Term: SALINITY; Subject Term: DIFFERENCES; Subject Term: SALINE waters; Subject Term: SALT; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ATLANTIC Ocean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G25080A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith Jr., J. G.
AU  - Connell, J. W.
AU  - Delozier, D. M.
AU  - Watson, K. A.
AU  - Bekyarova, E.
AU  - Yu, A.
AU  - Haddon, R. C.
T1  - Preparation and Properties of Nanocomposites from Pristine and Modified SWCNTs of Comparable Average Aspect Ratios.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 20
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 567
EP  - 587
SN  - 09540083
AB  - Low color, flexible, space-durable polyimide films with inherent and robust electrical conductivity to dissipate electrostatic charge (ESC) have been under investigation as part of a materials development activity for future NASA space missions. The use of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is one means of achieving this goal. Even though the concentration of SWCNTs needed to achieve ESC dissipation is typically low, it is dependent upon purity, size, dispersion and functionalization. In this study, SWCNTs prepared by the electric arc discharge method were used to synthesize nanocomposites using the LaRC™ CP2 backbone as the matrix. Pristine and functionalized SWCNTs were mixed with an alkoxysilane terminated amide acid of LaRC™ CP2 and the soluble imide form of the polymer and the resultant nanocomposites evaluated for mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Due to the preparative conditions for the pristine and functionalized SWCNTs, the average aspect ratio for both was comparable. This permitted the assessment of SWCNT functionalization with respect to various interactions (e.g. van der Waals, hydrogen bonding, covalent bond formation, etc.) with the matrix and the macroscopic effects upon nanocomposite properties. The results of the study are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - ALKOXYSILANES
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - HYDROGEN bonding
KW  - alkoxysilane terminated polyimides
KW  - electrical conductivity
KW  - nanocomposites
KW  - polyimide
N1  - Accession Number: 35233542; Smith Jr., J. G. 1; Email Address: joseph.g.smith@nasa.gov Connell, J. W. 1 Delozier, D. M. 2 Watson, K. A. 2 Bekyarova, E. 3 Yu, A. 3 Haddon, R. C. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666-6147, USA  3: University of California, Riverside, Department of Chemistry, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 20 Issue 6, p567; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: ALKOXYSILANES; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: alkoxysilane terminated polyimides; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrical conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyimide; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0954008307085009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGuire, Patrick C.
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
AU  - Smith, Michael D.
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Clancy, R. Todd
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Cull, Selby C.
AU  - Lichtenberg, Kim A.
AU  - Wiseman, Sandra M.
AU  - Green, Robert O.
AU  - Martin, Terry Z.
AU  - Milliken, Ralph E.
AU  - Cavender, Peter J.
AU  - Humm, David C.
AU  - Seelos, Frank P.
AU  - Seelos, Kim D.
AU  - Taylor, Howard W.
AU  - Ehlmann, Bethany L.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
T1  - MRO/CRISM Retrieval of Surface Lambert Albedos for Multispectral Mapping of Mars With DISORT-Based Radiative Transfer Modeling: Phase 1 - Using Historical Climatology for Temperatures, Aerosol Optical Depths, and Atmospheric Pressures.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 46
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4020
EP  - 4040
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We discuss the DISORT-based radiative transfer pipeline ("CRISM-LambertAlb") for atmospheric and thermal correction of MRO/CRISM data acquired in multispectral mapping mode (∼200 m/pixel, 72 spectral channels). Currently, in this phase-one version of the system, we use aerosol optical depths, surface temperatures, and lower atmospheric temperatures, all from climatology derived from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS-TES) data and from surface altimetry derived from MGS Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). The DISORT-based model takes the dust and ice aerosol optical depths (scaled to the CRISM wavelength range), the surface pressures (computed from MOLA altimetry, MGS-TES lower atmospheric thermometry, and Viking-based pressure climatology), the surface temperatures, the reconstructed instrumental photometric angles, and the measured I/F spectrum as inputs, and then a Lambertian albedo spectrum is computed as the output. The Lambertian albedo spectrum is valuable geologically because it allows the mineralogical composition to be estimated. Here, I/F is defined as the ratio of the radiance measured by CRISM to the solar irradiance at Mars divided by π; if there was no martian atmosphere, I/F divided by the cosine of the incidence angle would be equal to the Lambert albedo for a Lambertian surface. After discussing the capabilities and limitations of the pipeline software system, we demonstrate its application on several multispectral data cubes—particularly, the outer reaches of the northern ice cap of Mars, the Tyrrhena Terra area that is northeast of the Hellas basin, and an area near the landing site for the Phoenix mission in the northern plains. For the icy spectra near the northern polar cap, aerosols need to be included in order to properly correct for the CO2 absorption in the H2O ice bands at wavelengths near 2.0 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Atmospheric propagation
KW  - infrared spectroscopy
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - software verification and validation
N1  - Accession Number: 35937224; McGuire, Patrick C. 1 Wolff, Michael J. 2 Smith, Michael D. 3 Arvidson, Raymond E. 1 Murchie, Scott L. 4 Clancy, R. Todd 2 Roush, Ted L. 5 Cull, Selby C. 1 Lichtenberg, Kim A. 1 Wiseman, Sandra M. 1 Green, Robert O. 6 Martin, Terry Z. 6 Milliken, Ralph E. 6 Cavender, Peter J. 7 Humm, David C. 4 Seelos, Frank P. 4 Seelos, Kim D. 4 Taylor, Howard W. 4 Ehlmann, Bethany L. 8 Mustard, John F. 8; Affiliation:  1: McDonnell Center for Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA.  2: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301 USA.  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  4: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723 USA.  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA.  7: Comtech Mobile Datacom Corporation, Germantown, MD 20874 USA.  8: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA.; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 46 Issue 12, p4020; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: software verification and validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrison, Carlos R.
AU  - Siebert, Mark W.
AU  - Ho, Eric J.
T1  - Electromagnetic Forces in a Hybrid Magnetic-Bearing Switched-Reluctance Motor.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4626
EP  - 4638
SN  - 00189464
AB  - We have performed analysis and experimental measurement of the electromagnetic force loads on the hybrid rotor in a novel hybrid magnetic-bearing switched-reluctance motor (MBSRM). An MBSRM has the combined characteristics of a switched-reluctance motor and a magnetic bearing. The MBSRM discussed in this paper has an eight-pole stator and a six-pole hybrid rotor, which is composed of circular and scalloped lamination segments. The hybrid rotor is levitated with only one set of four stator poles, while a second set of four stator poles imparts torque to the scalloped portion of the rotor, which is driven in a traditional switched reluctance manner by a processor. We performed static torque and radial force analysis of rotor poles oriented to achieve maximum and minimum radial force loads on the rotor. The objective was to assess whether simple one-dimensional magnetic circuit analysis is sufficient for preliminary evaluation of this machine, which may exhibit strong three-dimensional electromagnetic field behavior. We employed two magnetic circuit geometries, approximating the complex topology of the magnetic fields in and around the hybrid rotor, in formulating the electro-magnetic radial force equations. The experimental and the theoretical radial force load predictions agreed reasonably well with typical magnetic bearing derating factors applied to the predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - MOTORS
KW  - MAGNETIC bearings
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - MAGNETIC circuits
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - Bearingless motor
KW  - electromagnetic device
KW  - hybrid motor
KW  - magnetic field calculation
KW  - switched-reluctance motor
N1  - Accession Number: 36332077; Morrison, Carlos R. 1; Email Address: Carlos.R.Morrison@nasa.gov Siebert, Mark W. 2 Ho, Eric J. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  2: University of Toledo, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  3: University of Texas, Arlington, TX 76001 USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 44 Issue 12, p4626; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: MOTORS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bearings; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bearingless motor; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetic device; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid motor; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic field calculation; Author-Supplied Keyword: switched-reluctance motor; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMAG.2008.2002891
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36332077&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bo Pan
AU  - Yuan Li
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - A Low-Loss Substrate-Independent Approach for 60-GHz Transceiver Front-End Integration Using Micromachining Technologies.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2008/12//Dec2008 Part 1 of 2
VL  - 56
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2779
EP  - 2788
SN  - 00189480
AB  - This paper presents a low-loss, substrate-independent approach to integrate transceiver front-ends for 60-GHz wireless applications. Dielectric loss is eliminated by using polymer and bulk silicon micromachining technologies to create a cavity-based duplexer and a horn antenna in the air, above the substrate. A coplanar waveguide input is used for easy integration of the low-noise amplifier and power amplifier of the receiver and transmitter, respectively, with the micromachined passive module. A prototype is designed, fabricated, and characterized, with the transmit band (TX) set between 58.7-59.5 GHz and the receive band (RX) as 60.6-61.4 GHz. The proposed method offers an easy integration of both planar components and 3-D integrated modules on top of the substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMACHINING
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - POWER amplifiers
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - SILICON
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - 60-GHz
KW  - Cavity resonator filter
KW  - millimeter wave
KW  - on-wafer pattern measurement
KW  - silicon bulk micromachining
KW  - SU-8
KW  - surface micromachining
N1  - Accession Number: 36081627; Bo Pan 1; Email Address: bo.pan@realtek.com Yuan Li 2; Email Address: yuanli@ece.gatech.edu Ponchak, George E. 3; Email Address: george.ponchak@ieee.org Tentzeris, Manos M. 2; Email Address: etentze@ece.gatech.edu Papapolymerou, John 2; Email Address: papapol@ece.gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Realtek Semiconductor, Irvine, CA 92602 USA  2: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA  3: theNASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, 01-144135 USA; Source Info: Dec2008 Part 1 of 2, Vol. 56 Issue 12, p2779; Subject Term: MICROMACHINING; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: POWER amplifiers; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: 60-GHz; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cavity resonator filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: on-wafer pattern measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: silicon bulk micromachining; Author-Supplied Keyword: SU-8; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface micromachining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2008.2007358
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36081627&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giannakopoulou, D.
AU  - Păs#x0103;reanu, C. S.
AU  - Blundell, C.
T1  - Assume-guarantee testing for software components.
JO  - IET Software
JF  - IET Software
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 2
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 547
EP  - 562
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 17518806
AB  - Integration issues of component-based systems tend to be targeted at the later phases of the software development, mostly after components have been assembled to form an executable system. However, errors discovered at these phases are typically hard to localise and expensive to fix. To address this problem, the authors introduce assume-guarantee testing, a technique that establishes key properties of a component-based system before component assembly, when the cost of fixing errors is smaller. Assume-guarantee testing is based on the (automated) decomposition of system-level requirements into local component requirements at design time. The local requirements are in the form of assumptions and guarantees that each component makes on, or provides to the system, respectively. Checking requirements is performed during testing of individual components (i.e. unit testing) and it may uncover system-level violations prior to system testing. Furthermore, assume-guarantee testing may detect such violations with a higher probability than traditional testing. The authors also discuss an alternative technique, namely predictive testing, that uses the local component assumptions and guarantees to test assembled systems: given a non-violating system run, this technique can predict violations by alternative system runs without constructing those runs. The authors demonstrate the proposed approach and its benefits by means of two NASA case studies: a safety-critical protocol for autonomous rendez-vous and docking and the executive subsystem of the planetary rover controller K9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IET Software is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPONENT software
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - PREDICTIVE tests
KW  - COMPUTER science
N1  - Accession Number: 35680618; Giannakopoulou, D. 1; Email Address: dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov Păs#x0103;reanu, C. S. 1 Blundell, C. 2; Affiliation:  1: CMU, NASA Ames Research Center, N269-230, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Comp. and Inf. Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 2 Issue 6, p547; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: COMPONENT software; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: PREDICTIVE tests; Subject Term: COMPUTER science; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 11 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/iet-sen:20080012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35680618&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kriangkrai Lerdthusnee
AU  - Nigro, Joseph
AU  - Taweesak Monkanna
AU  - Warisa Leepitakrat
AU  - Surachai Leepitakrat
AU  - Sucheera Insuan
AU  - Weerayut Charoensongsermkit
AU  - Nittaya Khlaimanee
AU  - Wilasinee Akkagraisee
AU  - Kwanta Chayapum
AU  - Jones, James W.
T1  - Surveys of rodent-borne disease in Thailand with a focus on scrub typhus assessment.
JO  - Integrative Zoology
JF  - Integrative Zoology
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
EP  - 273
SN  - 17494869
AB  - The epidemiology of many rodent-borne diseases in South-East Asia remains ill-defined. Scrub typhus and lep-tospirosis are common and medically significant, while other zoonotic diseases, such as spotted fever group Rickettsiae have been identified, but their overall medical significance is unknown. Rodent surveillance was conducted from June 2002 to July 2004 in 18 provinces from Thailand. Traps were set up for one to three nights. Blood and serum samples and animal tissue samples (liver, spleen, kidney and urinary bladder) were collected. Chiggermites, ticks and fleas were removed from captured rodents. A total of 4536 wild-caught rodents from 27 species were captured over two years of animal trapping. Rattus rattus was the dominant species, followed by Rattus exulans and Bandicota indica. Almost 43 000 ectoparasites were removed from the captured animals. Approximately 98% of the ectoparasites were chigger-mites, of which 46% belonged to the genus Leptotrombidium (scrub typhus vector). Other genera included Schoengastia and Blankaartia. Tick and flea specimens together comprised less than 1% of the sample. Among the five species of ticks collected, Haemaphysalis bandicota was the predominant species caught, followed by Ixodes granulatus other Haemaphysalis spp., Rhipicephalus spp. and Dermacentor spp. Only two species of fleas were collected and Xenopsylla cheopis (rat flea) was the predominant species. Using both commercial diagnostic kits and in-house molecular assays, animal tissue samples were examined and screened for zoonotic diseases. Seven zoonotic diseases were detected: scrub typhus, leptospirosis, murine typhus, tick typhus, bartonella, babesiosis and trypanosomiasis. Most samples were positive for scrub typhus. Other zoonotic diseases still under investigation include borrelosis, ehrlichiosis, the plague, and other rickettsial diseases. Using geographic information systems, global positioning systems and remote sensing technology, epidemiological and environmental data were combined to assess the relative risk in different biotopes within highly endemic areas of scrub typhus in Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrative Zoology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RODENTS
KW  - LEPTOSPIROSIS
KW  - ZOONOSES
KW  - RICKETTSIAS
KW  - SPIROCHAETOSIS
KW  - FLEAS
KW  - RATTUS rattus
KW  - GIS model
KW  - rodent-borne diseases
KW  - scrub typhus
KW  - surveillance surveys
N1  - Accession Number: 35711849; Kriangkrai Lerdthusnee 1; Email Address: kriangkrail@afrims.org Nigro, Joseph 2 Taweesak Monkanna 1 Warisa Leepitakrat 1 Surachai Leepitakrat 1 Sucheera Insuan 1 Weerayut Charoensongsermkit 1 Nittaya Khlaimanee 1 Wilasinee Akkagraisee 1 Kwanta Chayapum 1 Jones, James W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Entomology, United States Army Medical Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand  2: Science Systems and Applications, National Aeronautics and Space Administration -- Goddard Space Flight Center NASA-GSFC, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 3 Issue 4, p267; Subject Term: RODENTS; Subject Term: LEPTOSPIROSIS; Subject Term: ZOONOSES; Subject Term: RICKETTSIAS; Subject Term: SPIROCHAETOSIS; Subject Term: FLEAS; Subject Term: RATTUS rattus; Author-Supplied Keyword: GIS model; Author-Supplied Keyword: rodent-borne diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: scrub typhus; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveillance surveys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1749-4877.2008.00100.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35711849&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Mlynczak, Pamela E.
AU  - Rutan, David A.
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
T1  - Comparison of the Diurnal Cycle of Outgoing Longwave Radiation from a Climate Model with Results from ERBE.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 47
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3188
EP  - 3201
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - The diurnal cycle of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) computed by a climate model provides a powerful test of the numerical description of various physical processes. Diurnal cycles of OLR computed by version 3 of the Hadley Centre Atmospheric Model (HadAM3) are compared with those observed by the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) for the boreal summer season (June–August). The ERBS observations cover the domain from 55°S to 55°N. To compare the observed and modeled diurnal cycles, the principal component (PC) analysis method is used over this domain. The analysis is performed separately for the land and ocean regions. For land over this domain, the diurnal cycle computed by the model has a root-mean-square (RMS) of 11.4 W m-2, as compared with 13.3 W m-2 for ERBS. PC-1 for ERBS observations and for the model are similar, but the ERBS result has a peak near 1230 LST and decreases very slightly during night, whereas the peak of the model result is an hour later and at night the OLR decreases by 7 W m-2 between 2000 and 0600 LST. Some of the difference between the ERBS and model results is due to the computation of convection too early in the afternoon by the model. PC-2 describes effects of morning/afternoon cloudiness on OLR, depending on the sign. Over ocean in the ERBS domain, the model RMS of the OLR diurnal cycle is 2.8 W m-2, as compared with 5.9 W m-2 for ERBS. Also, for the model, PC-1 accounts for 66% of the variance, while for ERBS, PC-1 accounts for only 16% of the variance. Thus, over ocean, the ERBS results show a greater variety of OLR diurnal cycles than the model does. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - DIURNAL variations in meteorology
KW  - SOLAR heating
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 36092275; Smith, G. Louis 1; Email Address: george.l.smith@nasa.gov Mlynczak, Pamela E. 2 Rutan, David A. 2 Wong, Takmeng 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 47 Issue 12, p3188; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: DIURNAL variations in meteorology; Subject Term: SOLAR heating; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAMC1924.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36092275&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suzuki, Makoto
AU  - Kumagai, Kazuhiro
AU  - Sekiguchi, Takashi
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Saito, Tsutomu
AU  - Yang, Cary Y.
T1  - Secondary electron emission from freely supported nanowires.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 104
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 114306
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We present secondary electron (SE) emission results from freely supported carbon/silicon nitride (Si3N4) hybrid nanowires using scanning electron microscopy. We found that, contrary to bulk materials, the SE emission from insulating or electrically isolated metallic nanowires is strongly suppressed by the penetrating beam. A mechanism of the SE suppression by the positive specimen charging is proposed, which is based on a total emission yield calculation using the Monte Carlo technique. This finding provides an important basis for studying low-energy electron emission from nanostructures under a penetrating electron beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SECONDARY electron emission
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - ELECTRON beams
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 35733280; Suzuki, Makoto 1 Kumagai, Kazuhiro 1 Sekiguchi, Takashi 1 Cassell, Alan M. 2 Saito, Tsutomu 3 Yang, Cary Y. 3; Affiliation:  1: Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577,  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  3: Center for Nanostructures, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053,; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 104 Issue 11, p114306; Subject Term: SECONDARY electron emission; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3032910
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35733280&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamakov, V.
AU  - Saether, E.
AU  - Glaessgen, E.
T1  - Multiscale modeling of intergranular fracture in aluminum: constitutive relation for interface debonding.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 43
IS  - 23/24
M3  - Article
SP  - 7488
EP  - 7494
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Intergranular fracture is a dominant mode of failure in ultrafine grained materials. In the present study, the atomistic mechanisms of grain-boundary debonding during intergranular fracture in aluminum are modeled using a coupled molecular dynamics—finite element simulation. Using a statistical mechanics approach, a cohesive-zone law in the form of a traction–displacement constitutive relationship, characterizing the load transfer across the plane of a growing edge crack, is extracted from atomistic simulations and then recast in a form suitable for inclusion within a continuum finite element model. The cohesive-zone law derived by the presented technique is free of finite size effects and is statistically representative for describing the interfacial debonding of a grain boundary (GB) interface examined at atomic length scales. By incorporating the cohesive-zone law in cohesive-zone finite elements, the debonding of a GB interface can be simulated in a coupled continuum–atomistic model, in which a crack starts in the continuum environment, smoothly penetrates the continuum–atomistic interface, and continues its propagation in the atomistic environment. This study is a step toward relating atomistically derived decohesion laws to macroscopic predictions of fracture and constructing multiscale models for nanocrystalline and ultrafine grained materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Fracture
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALUMINUM -- Metallurgy
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - STATISTICAL mechanics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - KIRKENDALL effect
N1  - Accession Number: 35814254; Yamakov, V. 1; Email Address: yamakov@nianet.org Saether, E. 2 Glaessgen, E. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace , Hampton 23666 USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center , Hampton 23681 USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 43 Issue 23/24, p7488; Subject Term: METALS -- Fracture; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ALUMINUM -- Metallurgy; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: STATISTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: KIRKENDALL effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-008-2823-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35814254&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Xun
AU  - Yee, Jeng-Hwa
AU  - Talaat, E. R.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
T1  - Diagnostic Analysis of Tidal Winds and the Eliassen–Palm Flux Divergence in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from TIMED/SABER Temperatures.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 65
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3840
EP  - 3859
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - For migrating tides or fast-moving planetary waves, polarization relations derived from the linear wave equations are required to accurately derive the wind components from the temperature field. A common problem in diagnosing winds from the measured temperature is the error amplification associated with apparent singularities in the wave polarization relations. The authors have developed a spectral module that accurately derives tidal winds from the measured tidal temperature field and effectively eliminates the error amplification near the apparent singularities. The algorithm is used to perform a diagnostic analysis of tidal winds and the Eliassen–Palm (EP) flux divergence in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) based on the zonal mean and tidal temperature fields derived from 6 yr of temperature measurements made by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. The derived zonal mean wind and diurnal tidal amplitude reveal new insights into the mesospheric biennial oscillation (MBO) that exists in the MLT at both equatorial and midlatitude regions. The equatorial MBO in the zonal mean wind is present in the entire mesosphere from 50 to 90 km. The equatorial MBO in the temperature amplitude of the diurnal tide occurs near the mesopause region between 80 and 90 km and is largely coincident with the downward phase propagation of the equatorial MBO in the zonal mean wind, indicating a possible mechanism of wave–mean flow interaction between the two. On the other hand, the newly discovered midlatitude MBOs in zonal mean wind and the meridional wind in diurnal tide occur at different altitudes, suggesting possibly a remote forcing–response relationship. The acceleration or deceleration of the zonal mean wind due to EP flux divergence that is contributed by the migrating tides peaks at midlatitudes with a typical value of 10–20 m s-1 day-1 around 95 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN waves
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 35731982; Zhu, Xun 1; Email Address: xun.zhu@jhuapl.edu Yee, Jeng-Hwa 1 Talaat, E. R. 1 Mlynczak, M. 2 Russell III, J. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 65 Issue 12, p3840; Subject Term: OCEAN waves; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAS2801.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35731982&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, James W.
AU  - Ott, C. Mark
AU  - Quick, Laura
AU  - Davis, Richard
AU  - zu Bentrup, Kerstin Höner
AU  - Crabbé, Aurélie
AU  - Richter, Emily
AU  - Sarker, Shameema
AU  - Barrila, Jennifer
AU  - Porwollik, Steffen
AU  - Pui Cheng
AU  - McClelland, Michael
AU  - Tsaprailis, George
AU  - Radabaugh, Timothy
AU  - Hunt, Andrea
AU  - Shah, Miti
AU  - Nelman-Gonzalez, Mayra
AU  - Hing, Steve
AU  - Parra, Macarena
AU  - Dumars, Paula
T1  - Media Ion Composition Controls Regulatory and Virulence Response of Salmonella in Spaceflight.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2008/12//
VL  - 3
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - The spaceflight environment is relevant to conditions encountered by pathogens during the course of infection and induces novel changes in microbial pathogenesis not observed using conventional methods. It is unclear how microbial cells sense spaceflight-associated changes to their growth environment and orchestrate corresponding changes in molecular and physiological phenotypes relevant to the infection process. Here we report that spaceflight-induced increases in Salmonella virulence are regulated by media ion composition, and that phosphate ion is sufficient to alter related pathogenesis responses in a spaceflight analogue model. Using whole genome microarray and proteomic analyses from two independent Space Shuttle missions, we identified evolutionarily conserved molecular pathways in Salmonella that respond to spaceflight under all media compositions tested. Identification of conserved regulatory paradigms opens new avenues to control microbial responses during the infection process and holds promise to provide an improved understanding of human health and disease on Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIRULENCE (Microbiology)
KW  - SALMONELLA
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - BACTERIAL diseases
KW  - PHENOTYPE
KW  - INFECTION
KW  - PROTEOMICS
KW  - MOLECULAR pathology
KW  - HEALTH
N1  - Accession Number: 55637212; Wilson, James W. 1,2 Ott, C. Mark 3 Quick, Laura 1,2 Davis, Richard 1 zu Bentrup, Kerstin Höner 4 Crabbé, Aurélie 1,5,6 Richter, Emily 1 Sarker, Shameema 1 Barrila, Jennifer 1 Porwollik, Steffen 7 Pui Cheng 7 McClelland, Michael 7 Tsaprailis, George 8 Radabaugh, Timothy 8 Hunt, Andrea 8 Shah, Miti 9 Nelman-Gonzalez, Mayra 10 Hing, Steve 11 Parra, Macarena 11 Dumars, Paula 11; Affiliation:  1: The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America  2: Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States of America  3: Habitability and Environmental Factors Division, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America  4: Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America  5: Flanders Institute of Biotechnology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium  6: Belgian Nuclear Research Center, Mol, Belgium  7: Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, California, United States of America,  8: Center for Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America  9: The Biodesign Institute, Center for Glycoscience Technology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America  10: Wyle Laboratories, Houston, Texas, United States of America  11: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America; Source Info: 2008, Vol. 3 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: VIRULENCE (Microbiology); Subject Term: SALMONELLA; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: BACTERIAL diseases; Subject Term: PHENOTYPE; Subject Term: INFECTION; Subject Term: PROTEOMICS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR pathology; Subject Term: HEALTH; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0003923
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lawson, John W.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Toulouse, Julien
AU  - Filippi, Claudia
AU  - Umrigar, C.J.
T1  - Quantum Monte Carlo study of the cooperative binding of NO2 to fragment models of carbon nanotubes
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2008/12/04/
VL  - 466
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 170
EP  - 175
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: Previous calculations on model systems for the cooperative binding of two NO2 molecules to carbon nanotubes using density functional theory and second order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory gave results differing by 30kcal/mol. Quantum Monte Carlo calculations are performed to study the role of electronic correlations in these systems and resolve the discrepancy between these previous calculations. Compared to QMC binding energies, MP2 and LDA are shown to overbind, while B3LYP and BPW91 underbind. PW91 gives the best agreement with QMC with a binding energy differing by only 3kcal/mol. Basis set effects are also shown to be important. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - COOPERATIVE binding (Biochemistry)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NITROGEN dioxide
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
KW  - BINDING energy
N1  - Accession Number: 35621831; Lawson, John W. 1; Email Address: John.W.Lawson@nasa.gov Bauschlicher, Charles W. 2 Toulouse, Julien 3 Filippi, Claudia 4,5 Umrigar, C.J. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Technology, Mail Stop 229-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Laboratoire de Chimie Theorique, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie and CNRS, Paris, France  4: Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, P.O. Box 9506, NL-2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands  5: Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Research Institute, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands  6: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 466 Issue 4-6, p170; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: COOPERATIVE binding (Biochemistry); Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: NITROGEN dioxide; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Subject Term: BINDING energy; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.10.066
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - An accurate global potential energy surface, dipole moment surface, and rovibrational frequencies for NH3.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2008/12/07/
VL  - 129
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 214304
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A global potential energy surface (PES) that includes short and long range terms has been determined for the NH3 molecule. The singles and doubles coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbational estimate of connected triple excitations and the internally contracted averaged coupled-pair functional electronic structure methods have been used in conjunction with very large correlation-consistent basis sets, including diffuse functions. Extrapolation to the one-particle basis set limit was performed and core correlation and scalar relativistic contributions were included directly, while the diagonal Born–Oppenheimer correction was added. Our best purely ab initio PES, denoted “mixed,” is constructed from two PESs which differ in whether the ic-ACPF higher-order correlation correction was added or not. Rovibrational transition energies computed from the mixed PES agree well with experiment and the best previous theoretical studies, but most importantly the quality does not deteriorate even up to 10 300 cm-1 above the zero-point energy (ZPE). The mixed PES was improved further by empirical refinement using the most reliable J=0–2 rovibrational transitions in the HITRAN 2004 database. Agreement between high-resolution experiment and rovibrational transition energies computed from our refined PES for J=0–6 is excellent. Indeed, the root mean square (rms) error for 13 HITRAN 2004 bands for J=0–2 is 0.023 cm-1 and that for each band is always ≤=0.06 cm-1. For J=3–5 the rms error is always ≤=0.15 cm-1. This agreement means that transition energies computed with our refined PES should be useful in the assignment of new high-resolution NH3 spectra and in correcting mistakes in previous assignments. Ideas for further improvements to our refined PES and for extension to other isotopolog are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
N1  - Accession Number: 35643619; Xinchuan Huang 1; Email Address: xinchuan.huang-1@nasa.gov Schwenke, David W. 1; Email Address: david.w.schwenke@nasa.gov Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: timothy.j.lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 12/7/2008, Vol. 129 Issue 21, p214304; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3025885
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deming, Drake
T1  - Astrophysics: Quest for a habitable world.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/12/11/
VL  - 456
IS  - 7223
M3  - Article
SP  - 714
EP  - 715
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article discusses a technique which can identify water vapor signatures in a planet's atmosphere. Topics include a brief overview of the discovery of exoplanets, which are planets outside of Earth's solar system, research by scientists Grillmair and colleagues who used the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Spitzer Space Telescope, to detect water vapor on exoplanet HD 189733b, and how the biomarkers of other planets are used to determine its habitability.
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
N1  - Accession Number: 35642402; Deming, Drake 1; Affiliation:  1: Drake Deming is in the Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA. leo.d.deming@nasa.gov; Source Info: 12/11/2008, Vol. 456 Issue 7223, p714; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/456714a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Hams, T.
AU  - Itazaki, A.
AU  - Kim, K.C.
AU  - Kumazawa, T.
AU  - Lee, M.H.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Matsumoto, K.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Myers, Z.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, R.
AU  - Ormes, J.F.
AU  - Sasaki, M.
AU  - Seo, E.S.
T1  - Measurement of the cosmic-ray low-energy antiproton spectrum with the first BESS-Polar Antarctic flight
JO  - Physics Letters B
JF  - Physics Letters B
Y1  - 2008/12/11/
VL  - 670
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 108
SN  - 03702693
AB  - Abstract: The BESS-Polar spectrometer had its first successful balloon flight over Antarctica in December 2004. During the 8.5-day long-duration flight, almost 0.9 billion events were recorded and 1,520 antiprotons were detected in the energy range 0.1–4.2 GeV. In this Letter, we report the antiproton spectrum obtained, discuss the origin of cosmic-ray antiprotons, and use antiproton data to probe the effect of charge-sign-dependent drift in the solar modulation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Physics Letters B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTORS
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ANTIPROTONS
KW  - AERIAL exploration
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - POLAR regions
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Cosmic-ray antiproton
KW  - Solar modulation
KW  - Superconducting spectrometer
N1  - Accession Number: 35502733; Abe, K. 1 Fuke, H. 2 Haino, S. 3; Email Address: haino@post.kek.jp Hams, T. 4 Itazaki, A. 1 Kim, K.C. 5 Kumazawa, T. 3 Lee, M.H. 5 Makida, Y. 3 Matsuda, S. 3 Matsumoto, K. 3 Mitchell, J.W. 4 Moiseev, A.A. 4 Myers, Z. 5 Nishimura, J. 6 Nozaki, M. 3 Orito, R. 1 Ormes, J.F. 7 Sasaki, M. 4 Seo, E.S. 5; Affiliation:  1: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  2: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan  3: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  6: The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  7: University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 670 Issue 2, p103; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTORS; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ANTIPROTONS; Subject Term: AERIAL exploration; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: POLAR regions; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray antiproton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconducting spectrometer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physletb.2008.10.053
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernstein, Max
T1  - Book Review
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 2045
EP  - 2046
SN  - 02731177
N1  - Accession Number: 35329163; Bernstein, Max 1; Email Address: Max.Bernstein@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division NASA Ames and NASA Science Mission Directorate, NASA HQ, Mail Suite 3C26, 300 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p2045; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
T1  - Statistical Analyses of Satellite Cloud Object Data from CERES. Part V: Relationships between Physical Properties of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 21
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 6668
EP  - 6688
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Relationships between physical properties are studied for three types of marine boundary layer cloud objects identified with the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) footprint data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite between 30°S and 30°N. Each cloud object is a contiguous region of CERES footprints that have cloud-top heights below 3 km, and cloud fractions of 99%–100% (overcast type), 40%–99% (stratocumulus type), or 10%–40% (shallow cumulus type). These cloud fractions represent the fraction of ∼2 km × 2 km Visible/Infrared Scanner pixels that are cloudy within each ∼10 km × 10 km footprint. The cloud objects have effective diameters that are greater than 300 km for the overcast and stratocumulus types, and greater than 150 km for the shallow cumulus type. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient is calculated between many microphysical/optical [effective radius (re), cloud optical depth (τ), albedo, liquid water path, and shortwave cloud radiative forcing (SW CRF)] and macrophysical [outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), cloud fraction, cloud-top temperature, longwave cloud radiative forcing (LW CRF), and sea surface temperature (SST)] properties for each of the three cloud object types. When both physical properties are of the same category (microphysical/optical or macrophysical), the magnitude of the correlation tends to be higher than when they are from different categories. The magnitudes of the correlations also change with cloud object type, with the correlations for overcast and stratocumulus cloud objects tending to be higher than those for shallow cumulus cloud objects. Three pairs of physical properties are studied in detail, using a k-means cluster analysis: re and τ, OLR and SST, and LW CRF and SW CRF. The cluster analysis of re and τ reveals that for each of the cloud types, there is a cluster of cloud objects with negative slopes, a cluster with slopes near zero, and two clusters with positive slopes. The joint OLR and SST probability plots show that the OLR tends to decrease with SST in regions with boundary layer clouds for SSTs above approximately 298 K. When the cloud objects are split into “dry” and “moist” clusters based on the amount of precipitable water above 700 hPa, the associated OLRs increase with SST throughout the SST range for the dry clusters, but the OLRs are roughly constant with SST for the moist cluster. An analysis of the joint PDFs of LW CRF and SW CRF reveals that while the magnitudes of both LW and SW CRFs generally increase with cloud fraction, there is a cluster of overcast cloud objects that has low values of LW and SW CRF. These objects are generally located near the Sahara Desert, and may be contaminated with dust. Many of these overcast objects also appear in the re and τ cluster with negative slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - DUST -- Environmental aspects
KW  - SAHARA
N1  - Accession Number: 36003436; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1,2; Email Address: zachary.a.eitzen@nasa.gov Xu, Kuan-Man 3 Wong, Takmeng 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: Corresponding author address: Dr. Zachary A. Eitzen, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 21 Issue 24, p6668; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: DUST -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: SAHARA; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 11 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Schull, Mitchell A.
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Generating vegetation leaf area index Earth system data record from multiple sensors. Part 2: Implementation, analysis and validation
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4318
EP  - 4332
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The evaluation of a new global monthly leaf area index (LAI) data set for the period July 1981 to December 2006 derived from AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data is described. The physically based algorithm is detailed in the first of the two part series. Here, the implementation, production and evaluation of the data set are described. The data set is evaluated both by direct comparisons to ground data and indirectly through inter-comparisons with similar data sets. This indirect validation showed satisfactory agreement with existing LAI products, importantly MODIS, at a range of spatial scales, and significant correlations with key climate variables in areas where temperature and precipitation limit plant growth. The data set successfully reproduced well-documented spatio-temporal trends and inter-annual variations in vegetation activity in the northern latitudes and semi-arid tropics. Comparison with plot scale field measurements over homogeneous vegetation patches indicated a 7% underestimation when all major vegetation types are taken into account. The error in mean values obtained from distributions of AVHRR LAI and high-resolution field LAI maps for different biomes is within 0.5 LAI for six out of the ten selected sites. These validation exercises though limited by the amount of field data, and thus less than comprehensive, indicated satisfactory agreement between the LAI product and field measurements. Overall, the inter-comparison with short-term LAI data sets, evaluation of long term trends with known variations in climate variables, and validation with field measurements together build confidence in the utility of this new 26 year LAI record for long term vegetation monitoring and modeling studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - AVHRR LAI
KW  - Climate data
KW  - CYCLOPES
KW  - Data uncertainties
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Long term data record
KW  - MODIS LAI
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Recollision probability
KW  - Scaling
KW  - Single scattering albedo
KW  - Spectral invariants
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 34896406; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sganguly@bu.edu Samanta, Arindam 1 Schull, Mitchell A. 1 Shabanov, Nikolay V. 2 Milesi, Cristina 3 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3 Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  2: NOAA/NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd., Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA  3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Mofett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 112 Issue 12, p4318; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVHRR LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate data; Author-Supplied Keyword: CYCLOPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data uncertainties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long term data record; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recollision probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single scattering albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral invariants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Schull, Mitchell A.
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Shabanov, Nikolay V.
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Generating vegetation leaf area index earth system data record from multiple sensors. Part 1: Theory
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2008/12/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4333
EP  - 4343
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The generation of multi-decade long Earth System Data Records (ESDRs) of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) from remote sensing measurements of multiple sensors is key to monitoring long-term changes in vegetation due to natural and anthropogenic influences. Challenges in developing such ESDRs include problems in remote sensing science (modeling of variability in global vegetation, scaling, atmospheric correction) and sensor hardware (differences in spatial resolution, spectral bands, calibration, and information content). In this paper, we develop a physically based approach for deriving LAI and FPAR products from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data that are of comparable quality to the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI and FPAR products, thus realizing the objective of producing a long (multi-decadal) time series of these products. The approach is based on the radiative transfer theory of canopy spectral invariants which facilitates parameterization of the canopy spectral bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF). The methodology permits decoupling of the structural and radiometric components and obeys the energy conservation law. The approach is applicable to any optical sensor, however, it requires selection of sensor-specific values of configurable parameters, namely, the single scattering albedo and data uncertainty. According to the theory of spectral invariants, the single scattering albedo is a function of the spatial scale, and thus, accounts for the variation in BRF with sensor spatial resolution. Likewise, the single scattering albedo accounts for the variation in spectral BRF with sensor bandwidths. The second adjustable parameter is data uncertainty, which accounts for varying information content of the remote sensing measurements, i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, low information content), vs. spectral BRF (higher information content). Implementation of this approach indicates good consistency in LAI values retrieved from NDVI (AVHRR-mode) and spectral BRF (MODIS-mode). Specific details of the implementation and evaluation of the derived products are detailed in the second part of this two-paper series. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - AVHRR
KW  - Data uncertainties
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Long-term data record
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Recollision probability
KW  - Scaling
KW  - Single scattering albedo
KW  - Spectral invariant
N1  - Accession Number: 34896407; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sganguly@bu.edu Schull, Mitchell A. 1 Samanta, Arindam 1 Shabanov, Nikolay V. 2 Milesi, Cristina 3 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3 Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  2: NOAA/NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd., Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA  3: Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Mofett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 112 Issue 12, p4333; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVHRR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data uncertainties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-term data record; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recollision probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single scattering albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral invariant; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prather, Michael J.
AU  - Xin Zhu
AU  - Strahan, Susan E.
AU  - Steenrod, Stephen D.
AU  - Rodriguez, Jose M.
T1  - Quantifying errors in trace species transport modeling.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2008/12/16/
VL  - 105
IS  - 50
M3  - Article
SP  - 19617
EP  - 19621
SN  - 00278424
AB  - One expectation when computationally solving an Earth system model is that a correct answer exists, that with adequate physical approximations and numerical methods our solutions will converge to that single answer. With such hubris, we performed a controlled numerical test of the atmospheric transport of CO[sub2] using 2 models known for accurate transport of trace species. Resulting differences were unexpectedly large, indicating that in some cases, scientific conclusions may err because of lack of knowledge of the numerical errors in tracer transport models. By doubling the resolution, thereby reducing numerical error, both models show some convergence to the same answer. Now, under realistic conditions, we identify a practical approach for finding the correct answer and thus quantifying the advection error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - UNCERTAINTY
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - biogeochemical cycles
KW  - model errors
KW  - source inversions
KW  - uncertainties
N1  - Accession Number: 35912262; Prather, Michael J. 1; Email Address: mprather@uci.edu Xin Zhu 1 Strahan, Susan E. 2 Steenrod, Stephen D. 2 Rodriguez, Jose M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Earth System Science Department, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  2: Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 12/16/2008, Vol. 105 Issue 50, p19617; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeochemical cycles; Author-Supplied Keyword: model errors; Author-Supplied Keyword: source inversions; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liston, Dorion B.
AU  - Stone, Leland S.
T1  - Effects of Prior Information and Reward on Oculomotor and Perceptual Choices.
JO  - Journal of Neuroscience
JF  - Journal of Neuroscience
Y1  - 2008/12/17/
VL  - 28
IS  - 51
M3  - Article
SP  - 13866
EP  - 13875
SN  - 02706474
AB  - Expectations about the environment influence motor behavior. In simple tasks, for example, prior knowledge about which stimulus event will likely occur or which response will likely be rewarded induces a tendency to take the favored action (i.e., a motor or response bias), especially when sensory information is sparse or ambiguous. Models of choice behavior account for this bias by weighting decision alternatives unequally, either at an early sensory-input stage or at a downstream motor-output stage. These two alternatives can be distinguished empirically; the former predicts an altered percept that correlates with motor bias, the latter predicts no perceptual effect. By varying the prior probability of target or reward location, we induced biased oculomotor responses in a brightness selection task with human subjects. We found that the induced motor bias was correlated with an amplification of both the sensory signals and internal noise underlying brightness perception, without a systematic change in perceived overall brightness. We also found that the magnitude of the sensory amplification was correlated with the amount of noise in the brightness percept, consistent with a multiplicative weighting factor located downstream from the limiting internal sensory noise. Our data demonstrate that prior knowledge (about target location or reward) shapes visual signals for perception and action in parallel but does not improve the quality (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio) of sensory processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Neuroscience is the property of Society for Neuroscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - BRIGHTNESS perception
KW  - AFFERENT pathways
KW  - BRAIN stimulation
KW  - attention
KW  - basal ganglia
KW  - frontal eye field
KW  - lateral intraparietal area
KW  - saccade
KW  - superior colliculus
N1  - Accession Number: 35835413; Liston, Dorion B. 1,2; Email Address: dorion.b.liston@nasa.gov Stone, Leland S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: San José State University, San José, California 95192; Source Info: 12/17/2008, Vol. 28 Issue 51, p13866; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS perception; Subject Term: AFFERENT pathways; Subject Term: BRAIN stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: basal ganglia; Author-Supplied Keyword: frontal eye field; Author-Supplied Keyword: lateral intraparietal area; Author-Supplied Keyword: saccade; Author-Supplied Keyword: superior colliculus; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3120-08.2008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
T1  - Finding of unusual soil on Mars could stem from tools used.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2008/12/18/
VL  - 456
IS  - 7224
M3  - Letter
SP  - 870
EP  - 870
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article “Phoenix fades away,” about soil on Mars in a 2008 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 35775200; Fairén, Alberto G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA afairen@arc.nasa.gov; Source Info: 12/18/2008-12/25/2008, Vol. 456 Issue 7224, p870; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/456870c
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehlmann, Bethany L.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Poulet, Francois
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Brown, Adrian J.
AU  - Calvin, Wendy M.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Milliken, Ralph E.
AU  - Roach, Leah H.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Swayze, Gregg A.
AU  - Wray, James J.
T1  - Orbital Identification of Carbonate-Bearing Rocks on Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2008/12/19/
VL  - 322
IS  - 5909
M3  - Article
SP  - 1828
EP  - 1832
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Geochemical models for Mars predict carbonate formation during aqueous alteration. Carbonate-bearing rocks had not previously been detected on Mars' surface, but Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapping reveals a regional rock layer with near-infrared spectral characteristics that are consistent with the presence of magnesium carbonate in the Nili Fossae region. The carbonate is closely associated with both phyllosilicate-bearing and olivine-rich rock units and probably formed during the Noachian or early Hesperian era from the alteration of olivine by either hydrothermal fluids or near-surface water. The presence of carbonate as well as accompanying clays suggests that waters were neutral to alkaline at the time of its formation and that acidic weathering, proposed to be characteristic of Hesperian Mars, did not destroy these carbonates and thus did not dominate all aqueous environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONATE rocks
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - CARBONATES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GEOCHEMICAL modeling
KW  - MAGNESIUM carbonate
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 36183138; Ehlmann, Bethany L. 1 Mustard, John F. 1 Murchie, Scott L. 2 Poulet, Francois 3 Bishop, Janice L. 4,5 Brown, Adrian J. 4,5 Calvin, Wendy M. 6 Clark, Roger N. 7 Des Marais, David J. 8 Milliken, Ralph E. 9 Roach, Leah H. 1 Roush, Ted L. 8 Swayze, Gregg A. 7 Wray, James J. 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  3: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris Sud 11., 91405 Orsay, France  4: SETI Institute  5: NASA Ames Research Center, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: Department of Geological Sciences and Engineering, University of Nevada, MS 172, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV 89557, USA  7: U.S. Geological Survey, MS 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  10: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 610 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: 12/19/2008, Vol. 322 Issue 5909, p1828; Subject Term: CARBONATE rocks; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: CARBONATES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GEOCHEMICAL modeling; Subject Term: MAGNESIUM carbonate; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Asthana, R.
AU  - Shpargel, T.P.
T1  - Brazing of ceramic-matrix composites to Ti and Hastealloy using Ni-base metallic glass interlayers
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2008/12/20/
VL  - 498
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 30
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Carbon–carbon, carbon–silicon carbide, and silicon carbide–silicon carbide composites were vacuum brazed to Ti and Hastealloy X using Ni-base metallic glass braze foils (MBF-20 and MBF-30). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the joints showed that compositional changes due to substrate dissolution led to secondary-phase precipitation which aided interfacial bonding although inter-laminar shear failure occurred within some composites. Residual thermal stresses in the joint led to hardness gradients; however, stress accommodation by the brazes prevented interfacial cracking. The peak Knoop microhardness in the joints was as high as 1165–1294KHN. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC-matrix composites
KW  - BRAZING
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - METALLIC glasses
KW  - CORROSION resistant alloys
KW  - THERMAL stresses
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - Brazing
KW  - C–C composite
KW  - C–SiC composite
KW  - Energy dispersive spectroscopy
KW  - Knoop microhardness
KW  - Metallic glass
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy
KW  - SiC–SiC composite
N1  - Accession Number: 34998029; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: Mrityunjay.Singh-1@grc.nasa.gov Asthana, R. 2 Shpargel, T.P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Department of Engineering & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751,United States  3: ASRC Aerospace, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 498 Issue 1/2, p19; Subject Term: CERAMIC-matrix composites; Subject Term: BRAZING; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: METALLIC glasses; Subject Term: CORROSION resistant alloys; Subject Term: THERMAL stresses; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: C–C composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: C–SiC composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knoop microhardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metallic glass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC–SiC composite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Shpargel, Tarah P.
AU  - Asthana, Rajiv
T1  - Active metal brazing of titanium to high-conductivity carbon-based sandwich structures
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2008/12/20/
VL  - 498
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 36
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Reactive brazing technology was developed and processing parameters were optimized for the bonding of titanium tubes, graphite foam, and high-conductivity carbon–carbon composite face sheets using the active braze Cusil-ABA paste and foils. The microstructure and composition of the joints, examined using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, showed good bonding and braze penetration in all systems when braze paste was used. The hardness values of the brazed joints were consistent for the different specimen stacking configurations. Mechanical testing of Ti tube/foam/C–C composite structures both in tension and shear showed that failure always occurred in the foam material demonstrating that the brazed joint was sufficient for these types of sandwich structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAZING
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - Brazing
KW  - C–C composite
KW  - Carbon foam
KW  - Energy-dispersive spectroscopy
KW  - Knoop microhardness
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy
KW  - Shear stress
N1  - Accession Number: 34998030; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: Mrityunjay.Singh@grc.nasa.gov Morscher, Gregory N. 1 Shpargel, Tarah P. 2 Asthana, Rajiv 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, MS 106-5, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: ASRC Aerospace, MS 106-5, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, United States; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 498 Issue 1/2, p31; Subject Term: BRAZING; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: C–C composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy-dispersive spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knoop microhardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear stress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.11.151
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Froese Fischer, C.
AU  - Rubin, R. H.
AU  - Rodríguez, M.
T1  - Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock energy levels and transition probabilities for 3 d5 in Fe iv.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2008/12/21/
VL  - 391
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1828
EP  - 1837
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) transition probabilities are reported for transitions between levels of in [Fe iv]. The accuracy of the ab initio energy levels and the agreement in the length and velocity forms of the line strength for the E2 transitions are used as indicators of accuracy. The present E2 and M1 transition probabilities are compared with earlier Breit–Pauli results and other theories. An extensive set of transition probabilities with indicators of accuracy are reported in Appendices A and B. Recommended values of A(E2) + A(M1) are listed in Appendix C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC dipoles
KW  - ATOMIC transition probabilities
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - atomic data
KW  - atomic processes
N1  - Accession Number: 35641391; Froese Fischer, C. 1; Email Address: charlotte.fischer@nist.gov Rubin, R. H. 2,3,4 Rodríguez, M. 5; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8422, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000,USA  4: Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  5: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Apdo Postal 51 y 216, 72000 Puebla, Mexico; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 391 Issue 4, p1828; Subject Term: MAGNETIC dipoles; Subject Term: ATOMIC transition probabilities; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: atomic data; Author-Supplied Keyword: atomic processes; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13997.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helling, Ch.
AU  - Ackerman, A.
AU  - Allard, F.
AU  - Dehn, M.
AU  - Hauschildt, P.
AU  - Homeier, D.
AU  - Lodders, K.
AU  - Marley, M.
AU  - Rietmeijer, F.
AU  - Tsuji, T.
AU  - Woitke, P.
T1  - A comparison of chemistry and dust cloud formation in ultracool dwarf model atmospheres.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2008/12/21/
VL  - 391
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1854
EP  - 1873
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The atmospheres of substellar objects contain clouds of oxides, iron, silicates and other refractory condensates. Water clouds are expected in the coolest objects. The opacity of these ‘dust’ clouds strongly affects both the atmospheric temperature–pressure profile and the emergent flux. Thus, any attempt to model the spectra of these atmospheres must incorporate a cloud model. However, the diversity of cloud models in atmospheric simulations is large and it is not always clear how the underlying physics of the various models compare. Likewise, the observational consequences of different modelling approaches can be masked by other model differences, making objective comparisons challenging. In order to clarify the current state of the modelling approaches, this paper compares five different cloud models in two sets of tests. Test case 1 tests the dust cloud models for a prescribed L-, L-T and T-dwarf atmospheric (temperature T, pressure p, convective velocity vconv) structures. Test case 2 compares complete model atmosphere results for given (effective temperature Teff, surface gravity ). All models agree on the global cloud structure but differ in opacity relevant details such as grain size, amount of dust, dust and gas-phase composition. These models can loosely be grouped into high- and low-altitude cloud models whereas the first appears generally redder in near-infrared colours than the latter. Comparisons of synthetic photometric fluxes translate into a modelling uncertainty in apparent magnitudes for our L-dwarf (T-dwarf) test case of ), taking into account the Two-Micron All Sky Survey, the UKIRT WFCAM, the Spitzer IRAC and VLT VISIR filters with UKIRT WFCAM being the most challenging for the models. Future developments will need closer links with laboratory astrophysics, and a consistent treatment of the cloud chemistry and turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - stars: atmospheres
KW  - stars: low-mass
KW  - stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 35641392; Helling, Ch. 1; Email Address: Christiane.Helling@st-and.ac.uk Ackerman, A. 2 Allard, F. 3,4 Dehn, M. 5 Hauschildt, P. 5 Homeier, D. 6 Lodders, K. 7 Marley, M. 8 Rietmeijer, F. 9 Tsuji, T. 10 Woitke, P. 11; Affiliation:  1: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS  2: NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies, New York, NY, USA  3: Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, CNRS, UMR5574, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 47 Allée d'Italie, F-69634 Lyon, France  4: Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France  5: Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany  6: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Astrophysik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz, 137077 Göttingen, Germany  7: Planetary Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 254-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MSC03-2040, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA  10: Institute of Astronomy, The University of Tokyo, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan  11: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ; Source Info: Dec2008, Vol. 391 Issue 4, p1854; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass, brown dwarfs; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13991.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liechty, Derek S.
T1  - Modifications to Axially Symmetric Simulations Using New DSMC (2007) Algorithms.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/12/31/
VL  - 1084
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 256
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Several modifications aimed at improving physical accuracy are proposed for solving axially symmetric problems building on the DSMC (2007) algorithms introduced by Bird. Originally developed to solve nonequilibrium, rarefied flows, the DSMC method is now regularly used to solve complex problems over a wide range of Knudsen numbers. These new algorithms include features such as nearest neighbor collisions excluding the previous collision partners, separate collision and sampling cells, automatically adaptive variable time steps, a modified no-time counter procedure for collisions, and discontinuous and event-driven physical processes. Axially symmetric solutions require radial weighting for the simulated molecules since the molecules near the axis represent fewer real molecules than those farther away from the axis due to the difference in volume of the cells. In the present methodology, these radial weighting factors are continuous, linear functions that vary with the radial position of each simulated molecule. It is shown that how one defines the number of tentative collisions greatly influences the mean collision time near the axis. The method by which the grid is treated for axially symmetric problems also plays an important role near the axis, especially for scalar pressure. A new method to treat how the molecules are traced through the grid is proposed to alleviate the decrease in scalar pressure at the axis near the surface. Also, a modification to the duplication buffer is proposed to vary the duplicated molecular velocities while retaining the molecular kinetic energy and axially symmetric nature of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - CELLS
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - COLLISIONS (Physics)
KW  - Monte Carlo
KW  - nonequilibrium fluid
KW  - particle methods
N1  - Accession Number: 36053989; Liechty, Derek S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aerothermodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 12/31/2008, Vol. 1084 Issue 1, p251; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonequilibrium fluid; Author-Supplied Keyword: particle methods; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3076481
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldstein, D. B.
AU  - Summy, D.
AU  - Colaprete, A.
AU  - Varghese, P. L.
AU  - Trafton, L. M.
T1  - Modeling the Vapor and Dust Dynamics Due to the Impact of the LCROSS Spacecraft on the Moon.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2008/12/31/
VL  - 1084
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1061
EP  - 1066
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The implications of possibly large volatile reservoirs on the Moon are significant for the future of manned activity there and for space science and exploration in general. In autumn of 2008 NASA will launch the LCROSS mission to impact two spacecraft into a permanently shadowed crater—a cold trap—at the south pole of the Moon. The lead spacecraft will excavate its own several meter crater. The process will be observed by the following smaller vehicle and by orbiting and Earth-based instruments in hopes of observing the release of volatiles—predominantly water—from the lunar soil. The following vehicle will then impact as well. We examine the plausible vapor dynamics following the impacts and concentrate on the observability of the gas from Earth or lunar orbit. In the free-molecular computational model of the vapor motion, water and OH molecules move ballistically, have a temperature-dependent surface residence time, and are subject to photo-dissociation and ionization losses. Sunlight shadowing, separation of the vapor from the dust grains, dust thermodynamics and different impact plume models are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VAPORS
KW  - DUST
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - MOON
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - Collisionless atmosphere
KW  - exosphere
KW  - lunar atmosphere
KW  - lunar impact
N1  - Accession Number: 36054031; Goldstein, D. B. 1 Summy, D. 1 Colaprete, A. 2 Varghese, P. L. 1 Trafton, L. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: U. Texas at Austin, TX  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 12/31/2008, Vol. 1084 Issue 1, p1061; Subject Term: VAPORS; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collisionless atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar impact; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3076439
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bozzolo, G.
AU  - Mosca, H.O.
AU  - del Grosso, M.F.
T1  - Surface structure and composition of Ni–Ti alloys and their influence on the temperature-dependent segregation behavior
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2008/12/31/Dec2008 Part 2
VL  - 255
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 3004
EP  - 3010
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Atomistic modeling of segregation in Ni–Ti alloys is performed using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys. It is found that Ti segregation to the surface decreases rapidly even for small increases in Ni concentration. A competing process is identified in the vicinity of surface defects, leading to excess Ti coverage of the exposed surface and the creation of Ti-covered pits. A simple explanation based on an atom-by-atom energy analysis is found to satisfactorily explain the observed effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SEGREGATION (Metallurgy)
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis
KW  - Computer simulation
KW  - Ni–Ti alloys
KW  - Semi-empirical methods
KW  - Surface Segregation
N1  - Accession Number: 35611740; Bozzolo, G. 1,2; Email Address: GuillermoBozzolo@oai.org Mosca, H.O. 3,4 del Grosso, M.F. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, U.A. Física, Av. Gral Paz 1499, (B1650KNA), San Martín, Argentina  4: GCMM, UTN, FRG Pacheco, Av. H. Yrigoyen 288, Gral. Pacheco, Argentina; Source Info: Dec2008 Part 2, Vol. 255 Issue 5, p3004; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SEGREGATION (Metallurgy); Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni–Ti alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semi-empirical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface Segregation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.08.060
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - Fluid Mechanics in Disks Around Young Stars.
JO  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
EP  - 315
SN  - 00664189
AB  - This article reviews hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic processes in disks around young stars, encompassing the epochs of molecular-cloud turbulence, dense core collapse, disk formation, disk evolution, and planetesimal formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - accretion disks
KW  - astrophysical fluid dynamics
KW  - planetesimal formation
KW  - protoplanetary disks
N1  - Accession Number: 36464267; Shariff, Karim 1; Email Address: Karim.R.Shariff@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p283; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrophysical fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetesimal formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev.fluid.010908.165144
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dodhia, Rahul M.
AU  - Dismukes, Robert K.
T1  - Interruptions create prospective memory tasks.
JO  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
JF  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 89
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 08884080
AB  - When the theory of prospective memory is brought to bear on the ubiquitous experience of failing to resume interrupted tasks, the cognitive reasons for these failures may be understood and addressed. We examine three features of interruptions that may account for these failures: (1) Interruptions often abruptly divert attention, which may prevent adequate encoding of an intention to resume and forming an implementation plan, (2) New task demands after an interruption's end reduce opportunity to interpret resumption cues, (3) The transition after an interruption to new ongoing task demands is not distinctive because it is defined conceptually, rather than by a single perceptual cue. Hypotheses based on these three features receive support from two experiments that respectively manipulate encoding and retrieval conditions. The data support our contention that interrupted tasks are a special case of prospective memory, and allow us to suggest practical ways of reducing vulnerability to resumption failure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Cognitive Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - INTERRUPTION (Psychology)
KW  - MOTIVATION (Psychology)
KW  - INTELLECT
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 35485594; Dodhia, Rahul M. 1,2; Email Address: rahul@ravenanalytics.com Dismukes, Robert K. 3; Email Address: robert.k.dismukes@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University Foundation, USA  2: Raven Analytics, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p73; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: INTERRUPTION (Psychology); Subject Term: MOTIVATION (Psychology); Subject Term: INTELLECT; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/acp.1441
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laan, E.C.
AU  - Volten, H.
AU  - Stam, D.M.
AU  - Muñoz, O.
AU  - Hovenier, J.W.
AU  - Roush, T.L.
T1  - Scattering matrices and expansion coefficients of martian analogue palagonite particles
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 199
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
EP  - 230
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present measurements of ratios of elements of the scattering matrix of martian analogue palagonite particles for scattering angles ranging from 3° to 174° and a wavelength of 632.8 nm. To facilitate the use of these measurements in radiative transfer calculations we have devised a method that enables us to obtain, from these measurements, a normalized synthetic scattering matrix covering the complete scattering angle range from 0° to 180°. Our method is based on employing the coefficients of the expansions of scattering matrix elements into generalized spherical functions. The synthetic scattering matrix elements and/or the expansion coefficients obtained in this way, can be used to include multiple scattering by these irregularly shaped particles in (polarized) radiative transfer calculations, such as calculations of sunlight that is scattered in the dusty martian atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - S-matrix theory
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - PALAGONITE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - climate ( Mars )
KW  - Polarimetry
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - surface ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 35710655; Laan, E.C. 1,2; Email Address: erik.laan@tno.nl Volten, H. 1 Stam, D.M. 3,4 Muñoz, O. 5 Hovenier, J.W. 1 Roush, T.L. 6; Affiliation:  1: Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek,’ University of Amsterdam, Kruislaan 403, 1098 SJ Amsterdam, The Netherlands  2: TNO Science and Industry, Stieltjesweg 1, 2600 AD, Delft, The Netherlands  3: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, 3584 CA Utrecht, The Netherlands  4: DEOS, Aerospace Engineering, Technical University Delft, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands  5: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), C/ Camino Bajo de Huétor, 50, 18008 Granada, Spain  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 199 Issue 1, p219; Subject Term: S-matrix theory; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: PALAGONITE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: climate ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Mars ); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kempler, Steven
AU  - Lynnes, Christopher
AU  - Voilmer, Bruce
AU  - Alcott, Gary
AU  - Berrick, Stephen
T1  - Evolution of Information Management at the GSFC Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC): 2006-2007.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 28
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Increasingly sophisticated National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth science missions have driven their associated data and data management systems from providing simple point-to-point archiving and retrieval to performing user-responsive distributed multisensor information extraction. To fully maximize the use of remote-sensor-generated Earth science data, NASA recognized the need for data systems that provide data access and manipulation capabilities responsive to research brought forth by advancing scientific analysis and the need to maximize the use and usability of the data. The decision by NASA to purposely evolve the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC) and other information management facilities was timely and appropriate. The GES DISC evolution was focused on replacing the EOSDIS Core System (ECS) by reusing the in-house developed disk-based Simple, Scalable, Script-based Science Product Archive (S4PA) data management system and migrating data to the disk archives. Transition was completed in December 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - INFORMATION resources
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Data management
KW  - Earth science data systems
KW  - information management (IM)
KW  - information technology
KW  - online archives
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37382787; Kempler, Steven 1; Email Address: Steven.J.Kempler@nasa.gov Lynnes, Christopher 1 Voilmer, Bruce 1 Alcott, Gary 1 Berrick, Stephen 1; Affiliation:  1: The Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p21; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources management; Subject Term: INFORMATION technology; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: INFORMATION services; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth science data systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: information management (IM); Author-Supplied Keyword: information technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: online archives; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lynnes, Christopher
AU  - Strub, Richard
AU  - Seiler, Edward
AU  - Joshi, Tilak
AU  - MacHarrie, Peter
T1  - Mirador: A Simple Fast Search Interface for Global Remote Sensing Data Sets.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 96
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A major challenge for remote sensing researchers is searching and acquiring relevant data files for their research projects based on content, space, and time constraints. Several structured query (SQ) and hierarchical navigation (HN) search interfaces have been developed to satisfy this requirement. However, the popularity of free-text (FT) search in the general domain led the Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center to develop an FT search interface named Mirador that supports space-time queries, including a gazetteer and geophysical event gazetteer. In order to compensate for a slightly reduced search precision relative to SQ and HN methods, Mirador uses several search optimizations to return results quickly, enabling iterative search strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEARCH engines
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - DATABASE searching
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - WORLD Wide Web
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - Database searching
KW  - information retrieval
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - search methods
N1  - Accession Number: 37382794; Lynnes, Christopher 1; Email Address: Chris.Lynnes@nasa.gov Strub, Richard 1 Seiler, Edward 1 Joshi, Tilak 1 MacHarrie, Peter 2; Email Address: PeterMacHarrie@noaa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  2: The Perot Systems, Suitland, MD 20746 USA.; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p92; Subject Term: SEARCH engines; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: INFORMATION services; Subject Term: DATABASE searching; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: WORLD Wide Web; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Database searching; Author-Supplied Keyword: information retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: search methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berrick, Stephen W.
AU  - Leptoukh, Gregory
AU  - Farley, John D.
AU  - Rui, Hualan
T1  - Giovanni: A Web Service Workflow-Based Data Visualization and Analysis System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 113
SN  - 01962892
AB  - NASA's Goddard Earth Sciences Data and Information Services Center has developed the Goddard Interactive Online Visualization ANd aNalysis Infrastructure or "Giovanni," an asynchronous Web-service-based workflow management system for Earth science data. Giovanni has been providing an intuitive and responsive interface for visualizing, analyzing, and intercomparing multisensor data using only a Web browser to scientists and other users. Giovanni supports many types of single-and multiparameter visualizations and statistical analyses. The interface also provides users with capabilities for downloading images and data in multiple formats. Giovanni supports open and standard data protocols and formats. Finally, Giovanni provides users with a data lineage that describes, in detail, the algorithms used in processing the data including caveats and other scientifically pertinent information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEB services
KW  - WORKFLOW software
KW  - INFORMATION visualization
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - DATA flow computing
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - data flow computing
KW  - data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 37382796; Berrick, Stephen W. 1; Email Address: Stephen.W.Berrick@nasa.gov Leptoukh, Gregory 1; Email Address: Gregory.G.Leptoukh@nasa.gov Farley, John D. 2; Email Address: johnfarley@ssaihq.com Rui, Hualan 3; Email Address: Hualan.Rui-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  2: SSAI, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA.  3: ADNET Systems, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA.; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p106; Subject Term: WEB services; Subject Term: WORKFLOW software; Subject Term: INFORMATION visualization; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: DATA flow computing; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: data flow computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: data processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halem, Milton
AU  - Most, Neal
AU  - Tilmes, Curt A.
AU  - Stewart, Kevin
AU  - Yesha, Yelena
AU  - Chapman, David
AU  - Phuong Nguyen
T1  - Service-Oriented Atmospheric Radiance s (SOAR): Gridding and Analysis Services for Multisensor Aqua IR Radiance Data for Climate Studies.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 114
EP  - 122
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Aqua spacecraft, launched on May 4, 2002, carries two well-calibrated independent infrared (IR) grating spectrometers Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS), which have been continuously returning upwelling IR spectral radiance measurements for over five years. Based on an Aqua Sr. Project Review, estimates of available flight fuel, power, and orbital projections assess the life span of the Aqua satellite, and these two instruments, to be reliable to 2013. Since launch, these instruments have generated petabytes of data, which are managed and made available by the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Earth Science Data and Information Services Center and GSFC MODAPS. Agencies such as NOAA, DOD, EPA, and USGS use the AIRS data mostly for weather-related applications, whereas MODIS data are used, in addition to some climate-related studies, for studies of weather, oceans, and land processes, aerosols, natural and man-made disasters, and earth ecology. The Science Investigator-led Processing Systems (SIPS) teams have made many of the desired products derived from these data sets available either as level 2 products and/or level 3 gridded product fields. However, no gridded level 3 data products of radiances, either averaged for a grid element, max, min, or as brightness temperatures (BTs), are provided directly by the SIPS. Thus, one impediment that the general community faces in accessing these MODIS produced petabytes of data is storing such large data sets, interpreting the multiformatted data, and transforming it into helpful data sets for climate-research needs. The Service-Oriented Atmospheric Radiance (SOAR) system has been designed to bridge these gaps and overcome the challenges of bringing this rich data source to the science community, by delivering applications that process these valuable radiance data into standard spatial-temporal grids as well as user-defined criteria on demand. SOAR can serve this community with aggregated, enriched, and thinned gridded data sets provided with access to the data on demand, with query and subsetting capabilities across many dimensions. In addition, SOAR provides online user-specified visualization and analysis requests, all accessible via a Web browser. The utility of SOAR is exposed via Web-service routines, using the Simple Object Access Protocol. The Web-service library and supporting technologies (Axis, PostgreSQL, and Tomcat) reside on a University of Maryland Baltimore Campus client server, which interfaces to and invokes algorithms on the process server, a high-performance computer cluster and storage system. These servers are connected to the sensor data stores at the GSFC via a high-speed fiber-optic network connection [10 Gb/s], providing reliable and fast on-demand access to a vast online library of AIRS and current monthly MODIS source data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SERVICE-oriented architecture (Computer science)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - FIBER optics
KW  - SIMPLE Object Access Protocol (Computer network protocol)
KW  - BROWSERS (Computer programs)
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - DIGITAL libraries
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Data conversion
KW  - on-demand data processing
KW  - service-oriented computing
KW  - Web services
N1  - Accession Number: 37382797; Halem, Milton 1 Most, Neal 1; Email Address: nmost@innovim.com Tilmes, Curt A. 2; Email Address: curt.tilmes@nasa.gov Stewart, Kevin 1; Email Address: kstewart@innovim.com Yesha, Yelena 3; Email Address: yeyesha@umbc.edu Chapman, David 4; Email Address: dchapm2@umbc.edu Phuong Nguyen 4; Email Address: phuong3@umbc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Innovim LLC, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA.  2: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  3: The Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.  4: The University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA.; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p114; Subject Term: SERVICE-oriented architecture (Computer science); Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: INFORMATION services; Subject Term: FIBER optics; Subject Term: SIMPLE Object Access Protocol (Computer network protocol); Subject Term: BROWSERS (Computer programs); Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: DIGITAL libraries; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Data conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: on-demand data processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: service-oriented computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Web services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519120 Libraries and Archives; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511210 Software Publishers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duerr, Ruth E.
AU  - Cao, Peter
AU  - Crider, Jonathan
AU  - Folk, Mike
AU  - Lynnes, Christopher
AU  - Mu Qun Yang
T1  - Ensuring Long-Term Access to Remotely Sensed Data With Layout Maps.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 129
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) has been a data format standard in National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA)'s Earth Observing System Data and Information System since the 1990s. Its rich structure, platform independence, full-featured application programming interface (API), and internal compression make it very useful for archiving science data and utilizing them with a rich set of software tools. However, a key drawback for long-term archiving is the complex internal byte layout of HDF files, requiring one to use the API to access HDF data. This makes the long-term readability of HDF data for a given version dependent on long-term allocation of resources to support that version. Much of the data from NASA's Earth Observing System have been archived in HDF Version 4 (HDF4) format. To address the long-term archival issues for these data, a collaborative study between The HDF Group and NASA's Earth Science Data Centers (ESDC5) is underway. One of the first activities was an assessment of the range of HDF4-formatted data held by NASA to determine the capabilities inherent in the HDF format that were used in practice and for use in estimating the effort for full implementation across NASA's ESDCs. Based on the results of this assessment, methods for producing a map of the layout of the HDF4 files held by NASA were prototyped using a markup-language-based HDF tool. The resulting maps allow a separate program to read the file without recourse to the HDF API. To verify this, two independent tools based solely on the map files were developed and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DATA converters & converting
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - DATA structures (Computer science)
KW  - DIGITAL preservation
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - INFORMATION resources
KW  - RESOURCE allocation
KW  - DATA libraries
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Archiving
KW  - data conversion
KW  - data management
KW  - data structures
KW  - preservation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37382798; Duerr, Ruth E. 1; Email Address: rduerr@nsidc.org Cao, Peter 2; Email Address: xcao@hdfgroup.org Crider, Jonathan 3; Email Address: jonathan.crider@nsidc.org Folk, Mike 2; Email Address: mfolk@hdfgroup.org Lynnes, Christopher 4; Email Address: Chris.Lynnes@nasa.gov Mu Qun Yang 2; Email Address: ymuqun@hdfgroup.org; Affiliation:  1: The National Snow and Ice Data Center, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.  2: The HDF Group, Champaign, IL 61820 USA.  3: The University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.  4: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p123; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DATA converters & converting; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources management; Subject Term: DATA structures (Computer science); Subject Term: DIGITAL preservation; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources; Subject Term: RESOURCE allocation; Subject Term: DATA libraries; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Archiving; Author-Supplied Keyword: data conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: data management; Author-Supplied Keyword: data structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: preservation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519120 Libraries and Archives; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PHILLIPS, THOMAS A.
AU  - MACLEOD, TODD C.
AU  - HO, FAT D.
T1  - FERROELECTRIC FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT ANALYSIS.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 105
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 117
SN  - 10584587
AB  - This paper investigates the use of FeFETs in a common analog circuit, the differential amplifier. The two input Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) transistors in a general MOS differential amplifier circuit are replaced with FeFETs. Resistors are used in place of the other three MOS transistors. Because of the FeFET hysteresis, the FeFET differential amplifier has several different operating modes depending on the FeFETs' prepolarization. Experimental results of the FeFET differential amplifier operation were obtained. Comparisons were made between the FeFET differential amplifier and the standard MOS differential amplifier. The experimental results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR industry
KW  - MAGNETIC induction
KW  - Differential Amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - Ferroelectric Transistor
KW  - FFET
N1  - Accession Number: 43881344; PHILLIPS, THOMAS A. 1; Email Address: thomas.a.phillips@nasa.gov MACLEOD, TODD C. 1 HO, FAT D. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812, U.S.A.  2: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 105 Issue 1, p107; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR industry; Subject Term: MAGNETIC induction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Differential Amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectric Transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580903139909
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Wickens, Christopher D.
T1  - Preface.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2009/01//Jan-Mar2009
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - A preface to the January 2009 issue of "The International Journal of Aviation Psychology" is presented.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - AVIATION psychology
N1  - Accession Number: 36244086; Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 1; Email Address: Lawrence.J.Prinzel@nasa.gov Wickens, Christopher D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Alion Sciences, Boulder, and University of Illinois, Colorado; Source Info: Jan-Mar2009, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: AVIATION psychology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410802597382
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36244086&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hill, Geoffrey A.
AU  - Kandil, Osama A.
AU  - Hahn, Andrew S.
T1  - Aerodynamic Investigations of an Advanced Over-the-Wing Nacelle Transport Aircraft Configuration.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
EP  - 25
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The transonic aerodynamics of an advanced, over-the-wing nacelle, subsonic transport configuration are assessed using both Euler and Navier—Stokes computational fluid dynamics and results are compared to a similar configuration with an under-the-wing nacelle installation and a similar wing—body configuration. The over-the-wing nacelle configuration is designed with a novel inboard wing channel section between the nacelle and the fuselage that produces favorable aerodynamic interference and reduces the overall drag. Qualitative observations and quantitative drag computations are performed for the three configurations at a cruise Mach number of 0.78. It was found that, at the cruise point, the inboard wing channel section of the over-the-wing nacelle configuration effectively produces a favorable pressure distribution but that the overall drag, compared to the under-the-wing nacelle configuration, is higher, This excess drag, however, was found to be largely localized in the nacelle interior. Euler and Navier—Stokes computational fluid dynamics solutions were obtained for additional Mach numbers to assess the transonic drag—rise characteristics. The computational fluid dynamics solutions showed that the over-the-wing nacelle configuration has higher drag at lower Mach numbers than the under-the-wing nacelle configuration but experiences a milder overall drag rise and has lower drag at higher Mach numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - EULER characteristic
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - MACH number
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - NACELLES
N1  - Accession Number: 36673354; Hill, Geoffrey A. 1 Kandil, Osama A. 1 Hahn, Andrew S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: Jan/Feb2009, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NACELLES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
T1  - National Transonic Facility Model and Tunnel Vibrations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 46
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Since coming online in 1984, the National Transonic Facility cryogenic wind tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center has provided unique high Reynolds number testing capability. Although turbulence levels in the tunnel, expressed in terms of percent of dynamic pressure, are typical of other transonic wind tunnels, the significantly increased load levels used to achieve flight Reynolds numbers, in conjunction with the unique structural design requirements for cryogenic operation, have brought forward the issue of model and model support-structure vibrations. This paper reports computational results and experimental measurements documenting aerodynamic and structural dynamics processes involved in such vibrations experienced in the National Transonic Facility. In particular, evidence of local unsteady airloads developed about the model support strut is shown and related to well-documented acoustic features known as Parker modes. Two-dimensional unsteady viscous computations illustrate this model support-structure loading mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - AIRFRAMES
N1  - Accession Number: 36673356; Edwards, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-0001.; Source Info: Jan/Feb2009, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p46; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Czabaj, Michael W.
AU  - Zehnder, Alan T.
AU  - Chuang, Kathy C.
T1  - Blistering of Moisture Saturated Graphite/Polyimide Composites Due to Rapid Heating.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 174
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Polyimide matrices extend the role of composite materials to applications in extreme temperature environments. However, composites can be susceptible to damage under extreme hygrothermal environments such as rapid heating of moisture saturated materials. Here, rapid is defined as reaching high temperature in less than the drying time at that temperature. A new method to predict initiation of steam-pressure induced damage for rapidly heated neat resin and graphite/polyimide composites is proposed. This method entails comparing the calculated, available steam pressure within the laminate to an experimentally determined critical pressure-temperature envelope. Through experiments performed in a thermal mechanical analyzer it is shown that the onset of steam-induced damage can be detected by measuring the expansion of moisture-saturated specimens subjected to a rapid temperature ramp. Optical microscopy of damaged samples shows that the process of initiation and evolution of damage in neat resin and laminates begins with void growth and coalescence in the polyimide resin matrix. Data from tests performed over a range of heating rates and initial moisture saturations are used to develop a critical pressure-temperature envelope. With this envelope we show the dependence of damage on initial moisture content and heating rate and propose an application of this envelope to failure prediction and design of laminated structures subjected to rapid heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EFFECT of environment on composite materials
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - blistering
KW  - hygrothermal performance
KW  - polyimide
KW  - steam pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 36006710; Czabaj, Michael W. 1; Email Address: mwc35@cornell.edu Zehnder, Alan T. 1 Chuang, Kathy C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Cornell University, 212 Kimball Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 49-3 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p153; Subject Term: EFFECT of environment on composite materials; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: blistering; Author-Supplied Keyword: hygrothermal performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: steam pressure; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998308099323
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36006710&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dykas, Brian
AU  - Bruckner, Robert
AU  - DellaCorte, Christopher
AU  - Edmonds, Brian
AU  - Prahl, Joseph
T1  - Design, Fabrication, and Performance of Foil Gas Thrust Bearings for Microturbomachinery Applications.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 131
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3011
EP  - 3018
SN  - 07424795
AB  - A methodology for the design and construction of simple foil thrust bearings intended for parametric performance testing and low marginal costs is presented. Features drawn from a review of the open literature are discussed as they relate to bearing performance. The design of fixtures and tooling required to fabricate foil thrust bearings is presented, using conventional machining processes where possible. A prototype bearing with dimensions drawn from literature is constructed, with all fabrication steps described. A load-deflection curve for the bearing is presented to illustrate structural stiffness characteristics. Start-stop cycles are performed on the bearing at a temperature of 4250 C to demonstrate early-life wear patterns. A test of bearing load capacity demonstrates useful performance when compared with data obtained from the open literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery) -- Design & construction
KW  - TURBOMACHINES
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - METALLURGY
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - MACHINE design
KW  - MACHINING
KW  - ENGINEERING design
N1  - Accession Number: 36167190; Dykas, Brian 1 Bruckner, Robert 2 DellaCorte, Christopher 2 Edmonds, Brian 2 Prahl, Joseph 3; Affiliation:  1: US Army Research Laboratory, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Case Western Reserve University 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 131 Issue 1, p3011; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery) -- Design & construction; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Subject Term: METALLURGY; Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Subject Term: MACHINE design; Subject Term: MACHINING; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333999 All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2966418
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36167190&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Kala, Geeta
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Body Iron Stores and Oxidative Damage in Humans Increased during and after a 10- to 12-Day Undersea Dive.
JO  - Journal of Nutrition
JF  - Journal of Nutrition
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 139
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 95
SN  - 00223166
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) underwater habitat is a useful analogue for spaceflight. However, the increased air pressure in the habitat exposes crewmembers to higher oxygen pressures, which increases their risk for oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids. Studies from a previous NEEMO mission suggested that DNA oxidation occurs at an increased level, similar to that in smokers and astronauts returning from space. Astronauts in space and NEEMO crewmembers also have similar changes in iron metabolism. Newly formed RBC are destroyed and body iron stores are elevated. Because excess iron can act as an oxidant and cause tissue damage, we investigated aspects of oxidative damage and tested whether toxic forms of iron were present when iron stores increased during NEEMO missions. Subjects (n = 12) participated in 10-to 1 2-d saturation dives, and blood and 24-h urine samples were collected twice before, twice during, and twice after the dive. During the dive, ferritin was higher (P < 0.001), transferrin was lower (P < 0.001), and transferrin receptors were lower (P < 0.01). Serum iron was higher during and immediately after the dive (P < 0.001). Total homocysteine (P < 0.001) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.05) activity were affected by time; homocysteine increased during the dive and SOD decreased during and after the dive. Labile plasma iron was measurable only during the dive. These data indicate that the NEEMO environment increases body iron stores and labile forms of iron, which may contribute to oxidative damage. J. Nutr. 139: 90-95, 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - PHYSIOLOGICAL oxidation
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - IRON in the body
KW  - IRON metabolism disorders
KW  - HOMOCYSTEINE
KW  - DIAGNOSIS
KW  - UNDERWATER exploration
KW  - PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35979646; Zwart, Sara R. 1; Email Address: sara.zwart-1@nasa.gov Kala, Geeta 2 Smith, Scott M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058  2: Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc., Houston, TX 77058  3: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 139 Issue 1, p90; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGICAL oxidation; Subject Term: DNA damage; Subject Term: IRON in the body; Subject Term: IRON metabolism disorders; Subject Term: HOMOCYSTEINE; Subject Term: DIAGNOSIS; Subject Term: UNDERWATER exploration; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3945/jn.108.097592
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35979646&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Wurster, Kathryn E.
AU  - Mills, Janelle C.
T1  - Entry Trajectory and Aeroheating Environment Definition for Capsule-Shaped Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 86
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Crew Exploration Vehicle presently being developed to return humans from lunar missions will typically experience entry environments far more severe than those for return from low-Earth orbit. Certification of the thermal protection system materials for these environments, and ultimately for Mars return, will require extensive testing. As part of an effort to bound the required testing capability, trajectories and the associated aeroheating environments were generated for more than 60 unique entry cases. Using the Apollo Command Module as the baseline entry system, trajectories for a range of lunar and Mars return Earth-entry scenarios were developed using 3-degree of freedom trajectory simulation. For direct entry, a matrix of cases that reflects expected minimum and maximum values of vehicle ballistic coefficient, inertial velocity, and flight-path angle at entry interface was considered. For aerocapture, a range of values of initial velocity and ballistic coefficient was examined that, when combined with appropriate initial flight-path angles, enable the vehicle to achieve low-Earth orbit by employing either a full-lift-vector-up or full-lift-vector-down attitude. For each trajectory, aeroheating environments, intended to bound the thermal protection material system requirements for likely concepts, were generated using engineering methods. The trades examined in this study distinguished the classes of missions/concepts that will require ablative systems as well as those for which reusable systems may be feasible. Results highlight those entry conditions and modes suitable for human flight, considering vehicle deceleration levels experienced during entry. The aeroheating environments generatedin this study can be used by the vehicle designer to assess the material testing limits and facility requirements for a broad range of concepts and missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - SPEED
KW  - ORBIT
N1  - Accession Number: 36979538; Robinson, Jeffrey S. 1 Wurster, Kathryn E. 1 Mills, Janelle C. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23691  2: ViGYAN, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Jan/Feb2009, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p74; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: ORBIT; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 31 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30998
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36979538&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Danehy, P. M.
AU  - Inman, J. A.
AU  - Brauckmann, G. J.
AU  - Alderfer, D. W.
AU  - Jones, S. B.
AU  - Patry, D. P.
T1  - Visualization of a Capsule Entry Vehicle Reaction-Control System Thruster.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 102
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Planar laser-induced fluorescence was used to visualize the reaction-control system jet flow emanating from the aft body of an Apollo-geometry capsule test article in NASA Langley Research Center's 31 in. Mach 10 Tunnel. The reaction-control system jet was oriented normal to the aft surface of the model and had a nominal Mach number of 2.94. The composition of the jet gas by mass was 95 % nitrogen (N2) and 5 % nitric oxide (NO). The reaction-control system jet flow rate varied between 0 and 0.5 standard liters per minute, and the angle of attack and tunnel stagnation pressure were also varied. Planar laser-induced fluorescence was used to excite the NO molecules for flow visualization. These flow visualization images were processed to determine the trajectory and to quantify the flapping of the reaction-control system jet. The jet flapping, measured by the standard deviation of the jet centerline position, was as large as 0.9 mm, whereas the jet was 1.5-4 mm in diameter (full width at half-maximum). Schlieren flow visualization images were obtained for comparison with the planar laser-induced fluorescence. Surface pressures were also measured and presented. Virtual diagnostics interface technology, developed at NASA Langley Research Center, was used to superimpose and visualize the data sets. The measurements demonstrate some of the capabilities of the planar laser-induced fluorescence method and provide a test case for computational fluid dynamics validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - STATISTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 36979540; Danehy, P. M. 1 Inman, J. A. 1 Brauckmann, G. J. 1 Alderfer, D. W. 1 Jones, S. B. 1 Patry, D. P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Swales Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jan/Feb2009, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p93; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.34846
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36979540&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Theodore F.
AU  - Card, Michael F.
T1  - Stiffening and Mechanical Load Effects on Thermal Buckling of Stiffened Cylindrical Shells.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/01//Jan/Feb2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 209
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A study of combined thermal and mechanical buckling of stiffened cylindrical shells using the structural geometry of a preliminary supersonic transport fuselage design from 1970 is presented. The buckling analysis is performed using BOSOR4, a nonlinear axisymmetric shell-of-revolution analysis code. The mechanical load is from axial compression and internal pressure and the thermal loading is from heated skins. Results indicate that the location of longitudinal eccentric stiffening has a significant effect On the thermal and axial buckling strength of longitudinally stiffened shells with and without ring frames. Buckling-interaction curves of the results with the associated mode shapes and a surface plot of the results are presented in which the eccentricity of the stringer, axial load, and temperature load are varied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - SUPERSONIC transport planes
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
N1  - Accession Number: 36979553; Johnson, Theodore F. 1; Email Address: Theodore.F.Johnson@nasa.gov Card, Michael F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2291; Source Info: Jan/Feb2009, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p203; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC transport planes; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.24575
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36979553&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
T1  - Evaluation of Cloud Physical Properties of ECMWF Analysis and Re-Analysis (ERA) against CERES Tropical Deep Convective Cloud Object Observations.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 137
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 207
EP  - 223
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - This study presents an approach that converts the vertical profiles of grid-averaged cloud properties from large-scale models to probability density functions (pdfs) of subgrid-cell cloud physical properties measured at satellite footprints. Cloud physical and radiative properties, rather than just cloud and precipitation occurrences, of assimilated cloud systems by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis (EOA) and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) are validated against those obtained from Earth Observing System satellite cloud object data for the January–August 1998 and March 2000 periods. These properties include the ice water path (IWP), cloud-top height and temperature, cloud optical depth, and solar and infrared radiative fluxes. Each cloud object, a contiguous region with similar cloud physical properties, is temporally and spatially matched with EOA and ERA-40 data. Results indicate that most pdfs of EOA and ERA-40 cloud physical and radiative properties agree with those of satellite observations of the tropical deep convective cloud object type for the January–August 1998 period. There are, however, significant discrepancies in selected ranges of the cloud property pdfs such as the upper range of EOA cloud-top height. A major discrepancy is that the dependence of the pdfs on the cloud object size for both EOA and ERA-40 is not as strong as in the observations. Modifications to the cloud parameterization in ECMWF that occurred in October 1999 eliminate the clouds near the tropopause but shift power of the pdf to lower cloud-top heights and greatly reduce the ranges of IWP and cloud optical depth pdfs. These features persist in ERA-40 due to the use of the same cloud parameterizations. The less sophisticated data assimilation technique and the lack of snow water content information in ERA-40, not the larger horizontal grid spacing, are also responsible for the disagreements with observed pdfs of cloud physical properties, although the detection rates of cloud object occurrence are improved for small-size categories. A possible improvement to the convective parameterization is to introduce a stronger dependence of updraft penetration heights on grid-cell dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - CLOUD forecasting
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 36435554; Xu, Kuan-Man 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 137 Issue 1, p207; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: CLOUD forecasting; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008MWR2633.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36435554&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koch, David
AU  - DeVore, Edna K.
AU  - Gould, Alan
AU  - Harman, Pamela
T1  - Take Off With NASA's Kepler Mission!
JO  - Science Teacher
JF  - Science Teacher
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 76
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 46
SN  - 00368555
AB  - The article reports on the Kepler aperture microscope launching into space in 2009 and its applications to science education. The National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) mission will seek extra-solar planets and habitable planets by searching for planet transits that effect the brightness of stars. Other topics include classroom activities, mission design, and expected discoveries.  INSET: Johannes Kepler and the International Year of Astronomy..
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
N1  - Accession Number: 36117670; Koch, David 1; Email Address: d.koch@NASA.gov DeVore, Edna K. 2,3; Email Address: edevore@seti.org Gould, Alan 4,5; Email Address: agould@berkeley.edu Harman, Pamela 6; Email Address: pharman@seti.org; Affiliation:  1: Deputy principal investigator, NASA's Kepler Mission, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: Director of education and public outreach (EPO) SETI Institute, Mountain View, California  3: Co-investigator for the Kepler EPO Program  4: Director, William Knox Holt Planetarium, Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley  5: Co-investigator for the Kepler EPO program  6: Manager of EPO, SETI Institute, Mountain View, California; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 76 Issue 1, p42; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36117670&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Ciftcioglu, Neva
AU  - Schmid, Josef F.
AU  - Barr, Yael R.
AU  - Griffith, Donald
T1  - Calcifying Nanoparticles (Nanobacteria): An Additional Potential Factor for Urolithiasis in Space Flight Crews
JO  - Urology
JF  - Urology
Y1  - 2009/01//
VL  - 73
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 210
SN  - 00904295
AB  - Spaceflight-induced microgravity appears to be a risk factor for the development of urinary calculi, resulting in urolithiasis during and after spaceflight. Calcifying nanoparticles, or nanobacteria, multiply more rapidly in simulated microgravity and create external shells of calcium phosphate. The question arises whether calcifying nanoparticles are nidi for calculi and contribute to the development of clinically significant urolithiasis in those who are predisposed to the development of urinary calculi because of intrinsic or extrinsic factors. This case report describes a calculus recovered after flight from an astronaut that, on morphologic and immunochemical analysis (including specific monoclonal antibody staining), demonstrated characteristics of calcifying nanoparticles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Urology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - URINARY calculi
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - DISEASES
KW  - CALCIUM phosphate
KW  - MONOCLONAL antibodies
KW  - RISK factors
KW  - THERAPEUTIC use
N1  - Accession Number: 36049134; Jones, Jeffrey A. 1,2,3; Email Address: jeffrey.a.jones@nasa.gov Ciftcioglu, Neva 1 Schmid, Josef F. 1 Barr, Yael R. 4 Griffith, Donald 2,3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  2: Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas  3: Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas  4: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 73 Issue 1, p210; Subject Term: URINARY calculi; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: DISEASES; Subject Term: CALCIUM phosphate; Subject Term: MONOCLONAL antibodies; Subject Term: RISK factors; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.urology.2008.01.033
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36049134&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coll, César
AU  - Hook, Simon J.
AU  - Galve, Joan M.
T1  - Land Surface Temperature From the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer: Validation Over Inland Waters and Vegetated Surfaces.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/01/02/Jan2009 Part 2
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 350
EP  - 360
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The land surface temperature (LST) product of the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) was validated with ground measurements at the following two thermally homogeneous sites: Lake Tahoe, CA/NV, USA, and a large rice field close to Valencia, Spain. The AATSR LST product is based on the split-window technique using the 11- and 12- mum channels. The algorithm coefficients are provided for 13 different land-cover classes plus one lake class (index i). Coefficients are weighted by the vegetation-cover fraction (f). In the operational implementation of the algorithm, i and f are assigned from a global classification and monthly fractional vegetation-cover maps with spatial resolutions of 0.5deg times 0.5deg. Since the validation sites are smaller than this, they are misclassified in the LST product and treated incorrectly despite the fact that the higher resolution AATSR data easily resolve the sites. Due to this problem, the coefficients for the correct cover types were manually applied to the AATSR standard brightness temperature at sensor product to obtain the LST for the sites assuming they had been correctly classified. The comparison between the ground-measured and the AATSR-derived LSTs showed an excellent agreement for both sites, with nearly zero average biases and standard deviations les 0.5degC. In order to produce accurate and precise estimates of LST, it is necessary that the land-cover classification is revised and provided at the same resolution as the AATSR data, i.e., 1 km rather than the 0.5deg resolution auxiliary data currently used in the LST product. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - RADIATION measurements -- Instruments
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - GROUND vegetation cover
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - AATSR LST algorithm
KW  - Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer
KW  - Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR)
KW  - brightness temperature
KW  - CA-NV
KW  - inland waters
KW  - Lake Tahoe
KW  - lakes
KW  - land surface temperature
KW  - land surface temperatures (LSTs)
KW  - land-cover classification
KW  - operational implementation
KW  - radiometers
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - resolution auxiliary data
KW  - rice field
KW  - Spain
KW  - split window
KW  - split-window technique
KW  - standard deviations
KW  - USA
KW  - Valencia
KW  - validation
KW  - vegetated surfaces
KW  - vegetation
KW  - vegetation-cover fraction
KW  - wavelength 11 mum
KW  - wavelength 12 mum
N1  - Accession Number: 52130031; Coll, César 1; Email Address: cesar.coll@uv.es Hook, Simon J. 2; Email Address: simon.j.hook@jpl.nasa.gov Galve, Joan M. 1; Email Address: joan.galve@uv.es; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Physics and Thermodynamics, Faculty of Physics, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA; Source Info: Jan2009 Part 2, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p350; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements -- Instruments; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: GROUND vegetation cover; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: AATSR LST algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR); Author-Supplied Keyword: brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: CA-NV; Author-Supplied Keyword: inland waters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Tahoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: lakes; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface temperatures (LSTs); Author-Supplied Keyword: land-cover classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: operational implementation; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: resolution auxiliary data; Author-Supplied Keyword: rice field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spain; Author-Supplied Keyword: split window; Author-Supplied Keyword: split-window technique; Author-Supplied Keyword: standard deviations; Author-Supplied Keyword: USA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Valencia; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetated surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation-cover fraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: wavelength 11 mum; Author-Supplied Keyword: wavelength 12 mum; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 7 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2002912
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52130031&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Russell III, James M.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - She, Chiao-Yao
AU  - Schmidlin, Francis J.
AU  - Goldberg, Richard A.
AU  - López-Puertas, Manuel
AU  - Wintersteiner, Peter P.
AU  - Picard, Richard H.
AU  - Winick, Jeremy R.
AU  - Xu, Xiaojing
T1  - Kinetic temperature and carbon dioxide from broadband infrared limb emission measurements taken from the TIMED/SABER instrument
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/01/05/
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 27
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment is one of four instruments on NASA’s Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. SABER measures broadband infrared limb emission and derives vertical profiles of kinetic temperature (Tk) from the lower stratosphere to approximately 120km, and vertical profiles of carbon dioxide (CO2) volume mixing ratio (vmr) from approximately 70km to 120km. In this paper we report on SABER Tk/CO2 data in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region from the version 1.06 dataset. The continuous SABER measurements provide an excellent dataset to understand the evolution and mechanisms responsible for the global two-level structure of the mesopause altitude. SABER MLT Tk comparisons with ground-based sodium lidar and rocket falling sphere Tk measurements are generally in good agreement. However, SABER CO2 data differs significantly from TIME-GCM model simulations. Indirect CO2 validation through SABER-lidar MLT Tk comparisons and SABER-radiation transfer comparisons of nighttime 4.3μm limb emission suggest the SABER-derived CO2 data is a better representation of the true atmospheric MLT CO2 abundance compared to model simulations of CO2 vmr. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Carbon dioxide (CO2)
KW  - Infrared remote sensing
KW  - Non-LTE
KW  - SABER
KW  - Temperature
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35770531; Mertens, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov Russell III, James M. 2; Email Address: james.russell@hamptonu.edu Mlynczak, Martin G. 3; Email Address: Martin.G.Mlynczak@nasa.gov She, Chiao-Yao 4; Email Address: joeshe@lamar.colostate.edu Schmidlin, Francis J. 5; Email Address: fjs@osb.wff.nasa.gov Goldberg, Richard A. 6; Email Address: Richard.A.Goldberg@nasa.gov López-Puertas, Manuel 7; Email Address: puertas@iaa.es Wintersteiner, Peter P. 8; Email Address: winters@arcon.com Picard, Richard H. 9; Email Address: richard.picard@hanscom.af.mil Winick, Jeremy R. 9; Email Address: jeremy.winick@hanscom.af.mil Xu, Xiaojing 10; Email Address: xiaojing_xu@ssaihq.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Hampton University, 23 Tyler Street, Hampton, VA 23668, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  4: Colorado State University, 200 West Lake Street, Fort Collions, CO 80523-1875, USA  5: NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Code 972, Wallops Island, VA 23337, USA  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 690.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  7: Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Apdo. 3004, Granada 18080, Spain  8: ARCON Corporation, 260 Bear Hill Road, Waltham, MA 02451, USA  9: Air Force Research Laboratories, Hanscom Air Force Base, Hanscom, MA 01731-3010, USA  10: SSAI, Inc., 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p15; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide (CO2); Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-LTE; Author-Supplied Keyword: SABER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2008.04.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35770531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pines, Vladimir
AU  - Zlatkowski, Marianna
AU  - Chait, Arnon
T1  - Interactions of solar wind plasma with dust grains: Effects of strong plasma anisotropy
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/01/05/
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 152
EP  - 163
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: In this paper we re-examined the fundamental physics of charging of a dust particle in the moon environment by tenuous anisotropic solar wind plasma. The majority of work on dusty (complex) plasmas is largely concerns with laboratory plasmas, in which charging process of dust grains is very fast, thus making practical the working concept of dynamically equilibrium floating potential and grain charge. However, solar wind plasma parameters are considerably different at the moon orbit, and we found the characteristic charging time of lunar dust grains to be considerably longer, ranging from 3 to 4.6min for micron size particles, and up to 7.6h for 10-nm grains, depending on the value of plasma streaming velocity. These findings make it clear that the transient stage of charging process is important in the moon environment, and equilibrium floating potential and grain charge could be considered as long time asymptotic values. For this reason we re-formulated the moon dust charging process as an inherently time-dependent problem and derived the time-dependent charging equation for the grain potential for general case of anisotropic solar wind plasma. Using the results of our kinetics analysis we found that the distribution of charge density over grain surface submerged into solar wind plasma is highly anisotropic, thus making the OML model, which is based on the assumption of isotropic distribution of surface charge density, not applicable to the grain charging problem by the solar wind plasma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - Dusty plasma
KW  - Moon environment
KW  - Solar wind plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 35770548; Pines, Vladimir; Email Address: vpines@oh.rr.com Zlatkowski, Marianna 1 Chait, Arnon 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 444135, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p152; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dusty plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind plasma; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2008.07.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35770548&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stambler, Arielle H.
AU  - Inoshita, Karen E.
AU  - Roberts, Lily M.
AU  - Barbagallo, Claire E.
AU  - de Groh, Kim K.
AU  - Banks, Bruce A.
T1  - Ground-Laboratory to In-Space Atomic Oxygen Correlation for the PEACE Polymers.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/01/05/
VL  - 1087
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 66
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Materials International Space Station Experiment 2 (MISSE 2) Polymer Erosion and Contamination Experiment (PEACE) polymers were exposed to the environment of low Earth orbit (LEO) for 3.95 years from 2001 to 2005. There were forty-one different PEACE polymers, which were flown on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) in order to determine their atomic oxygen erosion yields. In LEO, atomic oxygen is an environmental durability threat, particularly for long duration mission exposures. Although space flight experiments, such as the MISSE 2 PEACE experiment, are ideal for determining LEO environmental durability of spacecraft materials, ground-laboratory testing is often relied upon for durability evaluation and prediction. Unfortunately, significant differences exist between LEO atomic oxygen exposure and atomic oxygen exposure in ground-laboratory facilities. These differences include variations in species, energies, thermal exposures and radiation exposures, all of which may result in different reactions and erosion rates. In an effort to improve the accuracy of ground-based durability testing, ground-laboratory to in-space atomic oxygen correlation experiments have been conducted. In these tests, the atomic oxygen erosion yields of the PEACE polymers were determined relative to Kapton H using a radio-frequency (RF) plasma asher (operated on air). The asher erosion yields were compared to the MISSE 2 PEACE erosion yields to determine the correlation between erosion rates in the two environments. This paper provides a summary of the MISSE 2 PEACE experiment; it reviews the specific polymers tested as well as the techniques used to determine erosion yield in the asher, and it provides a correlation between the space and ground-laboratory erosion yield values. Using the PEACE polymers’ asher to in-space erosion yield ratios will allow more accurate in-space materials performance predictions to be made based on plasma asher durability evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 36332240; Stambler, Arielle H. 1 Inoshita, Karen E. 1 Roberts, Lily M. 1 Barbagallo, Claire E. 1 de Groh, Kim K. 2; Email Address: kim.k.degroh@nasa.gov Banks, Bruce A. 3; Email Address: bruce.a.banks@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Hathaway Brown School 19600 North Park Blvd., Shaker Heights, OH, USA 44122  2: NASA Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Rd., M.S. 309-2, Cleveland, OH, USA 44135  3: Consultant to Alphaport, Inc. at NASA Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Rd., M.S. 309-2, Cleveland, OH, USA 44135; Source Info: 1/5/2009, Vol. 1087 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3076865
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36332240&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenkins, Phillip P.
AU  - Walters, Robert J.
AU  - Krasowski, Michael J.
AU  - Chapman, John J.
AU  - Ballard, Perry G.
AU  - Vasquez, John A.
AU  - Mahony, Denis R.
AU  - LaCava, Susie N.
AU  - Braun, William R.
AU  - Skalitzky, Robert
AU  - Prokop, Norman F.
AU  - Flatico, Joseph M.
AU  - Greer, Lawrence C.
AU  - Gibson, Karen B.
AU  - Kinard, William H.
AU  - Pippin, H. Gary
T1  - MISSE7: Building a Permanent Environmental Testbed for the International Space Station.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/01/05/
VL  - 1087
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 276
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Materials on the International Space Station Experiments (MISSE) provide low-cost material exposure experiments on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS). The original concept for a suitcase-like box bolted to the ISS to passively expose materials to space has grown to include increasingly complex in situ characterization. As the ISS completes construction, the facilities available to MISSE experiments will increase dramatically. MISSE7 is the first MISSE to take advantage of this new infrastructure. In addition to material exposure, MISSE7 will include characterization of single-event radiation effects on electronics and solar cell performance in LEO. MISSE7 will exploit the ISS Express Logistics Carrier power and data capabilities and will leave behind a MISSE specific infrastructure for future missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
KW  - RESEARCH -- Methodology
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 36332215; Jenkins, Phillip P. 1 Walters, Robert J. 1 Krasowski, Michael J. 2 Chapman, John J. 3 Ballard, Perry G. 4 Vasquez, John A. 1 Mahony, Denis R. 5 LaCava, Susie N. 1 Braun, William R. 1 Skalitzky, Robert 1 Prokop, Norman F. 2 Flatico, Joseph M. 6 Greer, Lawrence C. 2 Gibson, Karen B. 3 Kinard, William H. 3 Pippin, H. Gary 7; Affiliation:  1: US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Space Test Program, Houston, TX, USA  5: Praxis Inc. Alexandria  6: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, OH, USA  7: Boeing Phantom Works, Seattle, WA, USA; Source Info: 1/5/2009, Vol. 1087 Issue 1, p273; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Methodology; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3076840
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36332215&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Sharon K. R.
AU  - Banks, Bruce A.
AU  - Tollis, Greg
T1  - MISSE Results used for RF Plasma Ground Testing-to-space-exposure Correlation for Coated Kapton.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/01/05/
VL  - 1087
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
EP  - 290
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The ability to predict the durability of materials in the low Earth orbit (LEO) environment by exposing them in ground-based facilities is important because one can achieve test results sooner, expose more types of materials, and do it much more cost effectively than to test them in flight. However, flight experiments to determine the durability of groups or classes of materials that behave similarly are needed in order to provide correlations of how much time in ground-based facilities represents certain durations in LEO for the material type of interest. An experiment was designed and flown on the Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) 2 (3.95 years in LEO) and MISSE 4 (1.04 years in LEO) in order to develop this type of correlation between ground-based RF plasma exposure and LEO exposure for coated Kapton. The experiment consisted of a sample of Kapton H® (DuPont) polyimide coated with 1300 Angstroms of silicon dioxide by Sheldahl Inc. The samples were exposed to atomic oxygen in a radio frequency (RF) generated atomic oxygen plasma. Mass change was measured for the samples and then the same samples were exposed in flight on MISSE and the mass change was again recorded post-flight. After documentation, the samples were exposed again in the ground-based RF plasma in order to determine if the erosion would be the same as it had been in the same facility pre-flight which would indicate whether or not the sample had been damaged during flight and if the defects on the surface were those that were there pre-flight. The slopes of the mass change versus fluence plots were then used to develop a correlation factor that can be used to help predict the durability of coated Kapton in ground-based isotropic atomic oxygen plasma systems. This paper describes the experiment and presents the correlation factor results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL unit
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 36332216; Miller, Sharon K. R. 1; Email Address: sharon.k.miller@nasa.gov Banks, Bruce A. 2 Tollis, Greg 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Consultant to Alphaport Supporting NASA Glenn Research Center  3: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: 1/5/2009, Vol. 1087 Issue 1, p277; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL unit; Subject Term: ORBIT; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3076841
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36332216&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watson, K. A.
AU  - Ghose, S.
AU  - Lillehei, P. T.
AU  - Smith, J. G.
AU  - Connell, J. W.
T1  - Effect of LEO Exposure on Aromatic Polymers Containing Phenylphosphine Oxide Groups.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/01/05/
VL  - 1087
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 291
EP  - 299
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - As part of the Materials on The International Space Station Experiment (MISSE), aromatic polymers containing phenylphosphine oxide groups were exposed to low Earth orbit for ∼4 years. All of the aromatic polymers containing phenylphosphine oxide groups survived the exposure despite the high fluence of atomic oxygen that completely eroded other polymer films such as Kapton® and Mylar® of comparable or greater thickness. The samples were characterized for changes in physical properties, thermal/optical properties surface chemistry, and surface topography. The data from the polymer samples on MISSE were compared to samples from the same batch of material stored under ambient conditions on Earth. In addition, comparisons were made between the MISSE samples and those subjected to shorter term space flight exposures. The results of these analyses will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 36332217; Watson, K. A. 1 Ghose, S. 1 Lillehei, P. T. 2 Smith, J. G. 2 Connell, J. W. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace 100 Exploration Way Hampton VA 23666  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Hampton VA 23681-2199; Source Info: 1/5/2009, Vol. 1087 Issue 1, p291; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; Subject Term: OXIDES; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3076842
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banks, Bruce A.
AU  - de Groh, Kim K.
AU  - Miller, Sharon K.
AU  - Waters, Deborah L.
T1  - Lessons Learned from Atomic Oxygen Interaction with Spacecraft Materials in Low Earth Orbit.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/01/05/
VL  - 1087
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 312
EP  - 325
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - There have been five Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) passive experiment carriers (PECs) (MISSE 1–5) to date which have been launched, exposed in space on the exterior of International Space Station (ISS) and then returned to Earth for analysis. An additional four MISSE PECs (MISSE 6A, 6B, 7A & 7B) are in various stages of completion. The PECs are two-sided suitcase size sample carriers that are intended to provide information on the effects of the low Earth orbital environment on a wide variety of materials and components. As a result of post retrieval analyses of the retrieved MISSE 2 experiments and numerous prior space experiments, there have been valuable lessons learned and needs identified that are worthy of being documented so that planning, design, and analysis of future space environment experiments can benefit from the experience in order to maximize the knowledge gained. Some of the lessons learned involve the techniques, concepts, and issues associated with measuring atomic oxygen erosion yields. These are presented along with several issues to be considered when designing experiments, such as the uncertainty in mission duration, scattering and contamination effects on results, and the accuracy of measuring atomic oxygen erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 36332220; Banks, Bruce A. 1; Email Address: Bruce.A.Banks@nasa.gov de Groh, Kim K. 2 Miller, Sharon K. 2 Waters, Deborah L. 3; Affiliation:  1: Consultant to Alphaport supporting NASA Glenn Research Center  2: NASA Glenn Research Center  3: Arctic Slope Regional Corporation (ASRC); Source Info: 1/5/2009, Vol. 1087 Issue 1, p312; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3076845
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, David L.
AU  - Cooke, William
AU  - Suggs, Rob
AU  - Moser, Danielle E.
T1  - Analysis of Regolith Simulant Ejecta Distributions from Normal Incident Hypervelocity Impact.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/01/05/
VL  - 1087
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 559
EP  - 566
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has established the Constellation Program. The Constellation Program has defined one of its many goals as long-term lunar habitation. Critical to the design of a lunar habitat is an understanding of the lunar surface environment; of specific importance is the primary meteoroid and subsequent ejecta environment. The document, NASA SP-8013 “Meteoroid Environment Model Near Earth to Lunar Surface,” was developed for the Apollo program in 1969 and contains the latest definition of the lunar ejecta environment. There is concern that NASA SP-8013 may overestimate the lunar ejecta environment. NASA’s Meteoroid Environment Office (MEO) has initiated several tasks to improve the accuracy of our understanding of the lunar surface ejecta environment. This paper reports the results of experiments on projectile impact into powdered pumice and unconsolidated JSC-1A Lunar Mare Regolith simulant targets. Projectiles were accelerated to velocities between 2.45 and 5.18 km/s and impacted the targets at normal incidence using the Ames Vertical Gun Range (AVGR). The ejected particles were detected by thin aluminum foil targets strategically placed around the impact site and angular ejecta distributions were determined. Assumptions were made to support the analysis which include; assuming ejecta spherical symmetry resulting from normal impact and all ejecta particles were of mean target particle size. This analysis produces a hemispherical flux density distribution of ejecta with sufficient velocity to penetrate the aluminum foil detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOON
KW  - LUNAR geography
KW  - APOLLO lunar surface experiments package
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - MARE Crisium (Moon)
N1  - Accession Number: 36332245; Edwards, David L. 1 Cooke, William 1 Suggs, Rob 1 Moser, Danielle E. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, M/S EV44 MSFC, AL 35812 USA  2: Stanley/MSFC, AL 35812 USA; Source Info: 1/5/2009, Vol. 1087 Issue 1, p559; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: LUNAR geography; Subject Term: APOLLO lunar surface experiments package; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: MARE Crisium (Moon); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3076870
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36332245&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yost, William T.
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Anomalous nonlinearity parameters of solids at low acoustic drive amplitudes.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/01/12/
VL  - 94
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - N.PAG
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Measurements of the nonlinearity parameter β as a function of acoustic drive amplitude are reported for polycrystalline aluminum alloy 2024, IN100 nickel-base superalloy, and monocrystalline Al[110]. The measurements show that the variations in β reported by [Barnard, Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 2447 (1999)] result from the influence of the Peierls barrier on dislocation motion in the material. The dislocation motion is responsible not only for the hooklike behavior at the low drive amplitudes reported by Barnard but also for an oscillatory dependence of β at larger drive amplitudes not previously reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in crystals
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
N1  - Accession Number: 36258474; Yost, William T. 1; Email Address: william.t.yost@nasa.gov Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: 1/12/2009, Vol. 94 Issue 2, pN.PAG; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in crystals; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3068490
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Logeeswaran VJ
AU  - Nobuhiko P.  Kobayashi
AU  - M. Saif  Islam
AU  - Wei  Wu
AU  - Pratik  Chaturvedi
AU  - Nicholas X.  Fang
AU  - Shih Yuan  Wang
AU  - R. Stanley  Williams
T1  - Ultrasmooth Silver Thin Films Deposited with a Germanium Nucleation Layer.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2009/01/14/
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 178
EP  - 182
SN  - 15306984
AB  - We demonstrate an effective method for depositing smooth silver (Ag) films on SiO2/Si(100) substrates using a thin seed layer of evaporated germanium (Ge). The deposited Ag films exhibit smaller root-mean-square surface roughness, narrower peak-to-valley surface topological height distribution, smaller grain-size distribution, and smaller sheet resistance in comparison to those of Ag films directly deposited on SiO2/Si(100) substrates. Optically thin (∼10−20 nm) Ag films deposited with ∼1−2 nm Ge nucleation layers show more than an order of magnitude improvement in the surface roughness. The presence of the thin layer of Ge changes the growth kinetics (nucleation and evolution) of the electron-beam-evaporated Ag, leading to Ag films with smooth surface morphology and high electrical conductivity. The demonstrated Ag thin films are very promising for large-scale applications as molecular anchors, optical metamaterials, plasmonic devices, and several areas of nanophotonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLIC films
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - SILICA
KW  - GERMANIUM
KW  - SURFACE roughness
N1  - Accession Number: 36166933; Logeeswaran VJ 1 Nobuhiko P.  Kobayashi 1 M. Saif  Islam 1 Wei  Wu 1 Pratik  Chaturvedi 1 Nicholas X.  Fang 1 Shih Yuan  Wang 1 R. Stanley  Williams 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Kemper Hall, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, Information and Quantum Systems Laboratories, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, California 94304, and Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana−Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p178; Subject Term: METALLIC films; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: GERMANIUM; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephen  Whitelam
AU  - Carl  Rogers
AU  - Andrea  Pasqua
AU  - Chad  Paavola
AU  - Jonathan  Trent
AU  - Phillip L.  Geissler
T1  - The Impact of Conformational Fluctuations on Self-Assembly: Cooperative Aggregation of Archaeal Chaperonin Proteins.
JO  - Nano Letters
JF  - Nano Letters
Y1  - 2009/01/14/
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 297
SN  - 15306984
AB  - Protein complexes called rosettasomes self-assemble in solution to form large-scale filamentous and planar structures. The relative abundance of these aggregates varies abruptly with environmental conditions and sample composition. Our simulations of a model of patchy nanoparticles can reproduce this sharp crossover, but only if particles are allowed to switch between two internal states favoring different geometries of local binding. These results demonstrate how local conformational adaptivity can fundamentally influence the cooperativity of pattern-forming dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nano Letters is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR chaperones
KW  - PROTEIN structure
KW  - MOLECULAR self-assembly
KW  - CLUSTERING of particles
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 36166871; Stephen  Whitelam 1 Carl  Rogers 1 Andrea  Pasqua 1 Chad  Paavola 1 Jonathan  Trent 1 Phillip L.  Geissler 1; Affiliation:  1: Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K., Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, Bioengineering Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-15, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Materials Sciences, Physical Biosciences, and Chemical Sciences Divisions, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p292; Subject Term: MOLECULAR chaperones; Subject Term: PROTEIN structure; Subject Term: MOLECULAR self-assembly; Subject Term: CLUSTERING of particles; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Meteoritic steel as a construction resource on Mars
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2009/01/15/
VL  - 64
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 187
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: In the long term, settlement of Mars will require local refining of industrial and construction materials. One of the most significant industrial materials is steel. It is proposed that steel can be harvested on Mars in the form of reduced iron available on the surface from meteoric nickel–iron. This may be one of the most easily available resources on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - STEEL
KW  - BUILDING materials -- Environmental aspects
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - ISRU
KW  - Mars
KW  - Meteorite
KW  - Space resources
KW  - Steel
N1  - Accession Number: 35527058; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.a.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, m/s 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 64 Issue 2/3, p183; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: STEEL; Subject Term: BUILDING materials -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Steel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416310 General-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331221 Rolled Steel Shape Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.07.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35527058&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valavala, P.K.
AU  - Clancy, T.C.
AU  - Odegard, G.M.
AU  - Gates, T.S.
AU  - Aifantis, E.C.
T1  - Multiscale modeling of polymer materials using a statistics-based micromechanics approach
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2009/01/15/
VL  - 57
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 525
EP  - 532
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: A large number of possible polymer chain conformations exist for a given volume of an amorphous polymer. The prediction of elastic properties of a polymer must therefore consider more than a single combination of chain conformations. A multiscale modeling approach is proposed to predict the bulk elastic properties of polymer materials using a series of molecular models of individual polymer microstates and a statistics-based micromechanical modeling method. The method is applied to polyimide and polycarbonate systems. It is shown that individual microstates can yield a wide range of predicted elastic properties, whereas the consideration of multiple microstates yield predicted properties that agree more closely with experimentally determined values of Young’s modulus. Additionally, the upper and lower limits of possible elastic constants are also established based on the consideration of multiple microstates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - POLYCARBONATES
KW  - Conformation space
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Multiscale modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 36033057; Valavala, P.K. 1 Clancy, T.C. 2 Odegard, G.M. 1; Email Address: gmodegar@mtu.edu Gates, T.S. 3 Aifantis, E.C. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA  2: National Institutive of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: College of Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 57 Issue 2, p525; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: POLYCARBONATES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conformation space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale modeling; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.09.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BAUSCHLICHER, JR., CHARLES W.
T1  - Convergence of the binding energy of oxygen on Cu(100): A cautionary tale for computational chemists using periodic bound conditions.
JO  - International Journal of Quantum Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Quantum Chemistry
Y1  - 2009/01/15/
VL  - 109
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 357
EP  - 361
SN  - 00207608
AB  - The convergence of the binding energy of oxygen on Cu(100) as a function of the k-points, energy cutoff for the inclusion of plane waves, surface model, and oxygen coverage is studied. Overall the convergence is good, with an accuracy of 0.1 eV obtained for an affordable level of treatment. Published 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Quantum Chemistry is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINDING energy
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - binding energies
KW  - convergence
KW  - density functional theory
KW  - periodic boundary conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 35288441; BAUSCHLICHER, JR., CHARLES W. 1; Email Address: charles.w.bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Technology Division, Mail Stop 2303, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 109 Issue 2, p357; Subject Term: BINDING energy; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: ATOMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: binding energies; Author-Supplied Keyword: convergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: density functional theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: periodic boundary conditions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qua.21761
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Czabaj, Michael W.
AU  - Zehnder, Alan T.
AU  - Chuang, Kathy C.
T1  - Blistering of Moisture Saturated Graphite/Polyimide Composites Due to Rapid Heating.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2009/01/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 174
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Polyimide matrices extend the role of composite materials to applications in extreme temperature environments. However, composites can be susceptible to damage under extreme hygrothermal environments such as rapid heating of moisture saturated materials. Here, rapid is defined as reaching high temperature in less than the drying time at that temperature. A new method to predict initiation of steam-pressure induced damage for rapidly heated neat resin and graphite/polyimide composites is proposed. This method entails comparing the calculated, available steam pressure within the laminate to an experimentally determined critical pressure-temperature envelope. Through experiments performed in a thermal mechanical analyzer it is shown that the onset of steam-induced damage can be detected by measuring the expansion of moisture-saturated specimens subjected to a rapid temperature ramp. Optical microscopy of damaged samples shows that the process of initiation and evolution of damage in neat resin and laminates begins with void growth and coalescence in the polyimide resin matrix. Data from tests performed over a range of heating rates and initial moisture saturations are used to develop a critical pressure-temperature envelope. With this envelope we show the dependence of damage on initial moisture content and heating rate and propose an application of this envelope to failure prediction and design of laminated structures subjected to rapid heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EFFECT of environment on composite materials
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - blistering
KW  - hygrothermal performance
KW  - polyimide
KW  - steam pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 36006719; Czabaj, Michael W. 1; Email Address: mwc35@cornell.edu Zehnder, Alan T. 1 Chuang, Kathy C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Cornell University, 212 Kimball Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 49-3 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p153; Subject Term: EFFECT of environment on composite materials; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: blistering; Author-Supplied Keyword: hygrothermal performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: steam pressure; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998308099323
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36006719&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenberg, J.A.
AU  - Dobrowski, S.Z.
AU  - Vanderbilt, V.C.
T1  - Limitations on maximum tree density using hyperspatial remote sensing and environmental gradient analysis
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/01/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 94
EP  - 101
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: We present a novel approach for performing environmental gradient analysis to address the question: is maximum potential tree density in eastern Lake Tahoe Basin, NV limited by water, temperature/energetic constraints, or both? To address this question we fuse continuous tree density estimates derived from hyperspatial remote sensing imagery (pixels smaller than trees) with two topographically derived environmental gradients: elevation and yearly potential relative radiation (PRR). We based our analysis on the maximum tree density found in each of over 200 environmental gradient combinations found with our area of interest, drawing from a dataset consisting of over 300,000 30 m plots and over 3 million individual trees. At a given elevation, sites in which maximum tree density increases as a function of increasing yearly PRR were considered to be temperature or energy limited. Conversely, sites in which maximum tree density decreased as a function of increasing yearly PRR were considered water limited. We found that eastern Lake Tahoe appears to be a landscape which is both water limited (at lower elevation and brighter, south-facing slopes) and temperature/energy limited (at higher elevations and darker, north-facing slopes). We discuss how fusing accurate and ecologically relevant remote sensing outputs with direct and indirect continuous microclimate surfaces can provide a powerful tool for addressing major questions of tree distributions and life history parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - PLANTS -- Population biology
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - PLANT ecology
KW  - EFFECT of radiation on plants
KW  - BASINS (Geology)
KW  - TAHOE, Lake (Calif. & Nev.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - NEVADA
KW  - Ecological niche
KW  - Environmental gradients
KW  - Forests
KW  - Hyperspatial remote sensing
KW  - Lake Tahoe
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Topography
KW  - Tree density
N1  - Accession Number: 35560607; Greenberg, J.A. 1; Email Address: greenberg@ucdavis.edu Dobrowski, S.Z. 2 Vanderbilt, V.C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing (CSTARS), University of California, Davis, United States  2: Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 113 Issue 1, p94; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: PLANTS -- Population biology; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: PLANT ecology; Subject Term: EFFECT of radiation on plants; Subject Term: BASINS (Geology); Subject Term: TAHOE, Lake (Calif. & Nev.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Subject Term: NEVADA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecological niche; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental gradients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspatial remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Tahoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tree density; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.08.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35560607&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anyamba, Assaf
AU  - Chretien, Jean-Paul
AU  - Small, Jennifer
AU  - Tucker, Compton J.
AU  - Formenty, Pierre B.
AU  - Richardsond, Jason H.
AU  - Britch, Seth C.
AU  - SchnabeI, David C.
AU  - Erickson, Ralph L.
AU  - Linthicum, Kenneth J.
T1  - Prediction of a Rift Valley fever outbreak.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2009/01/20/
VL  - 106
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 955
EP  - 959
SN  - 00278424
AB  - El Niño/Southern Oscillation related climate anomalies were analyzed by using a combination of satellite measurements of elevated sea-surface temperatures and subsequent elevated rainfall and satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index data. A Rift Valley fever (RVF) risk mapping model using these climate data predicted areas where outbreaks of RVF in humans and animals were expected and occurred in the Horn of Africa from December 2006 to May 2007. The predictions were subsequently confirmed by entomological and epidemiological field investigations of virus activity in the areas identified as at risk. Accurate spatial and temporal predictions of disease activity, as it occurred first in southern Somalia and then through much of Kenya before affecting northern Tanzania, provided a 2 to 6 week period of warning for the Horn of Africa that facilitated disease outbreak response and mitigation activities. To our knowledge, this is the first prospective prediction of a RVF outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RIFT Valley fever
KW  - VIRUS diseases -- Transmission
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - EL Nino Current
KW  - HORN of Africa
KW  - El Niño
KW  - Horn of Africa
KW  - risk mapping
KW  - vegetation index
KW  - zoonotic disease
N1  - Accession Number: 36329703; Anyamba, Assaf 1; Email Address: asaph.anyamba-1@nasa.gov Chretien, Jean-Paul 2,3 Small, Jennifer 1 Tucker, Compton J. 1 Formenty, Pierre B. 4 Richardsond, Jason H. 5,6 Britch, Seth C. 7 SchnabeI, David C. 8 Erickson, Ralph L. 2 Linthicum, Kenneth J. 7; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771  2: Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System, Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Avenue, Silver Spring, MD 20910  3: Division of Preventive Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, 503 Robert Grant Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20910  4: Biorisk Reduction for Dangerous Pathogens, Communicable Diseases Cluster/Department of Epidemic and Pandemic Alert and Response, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, CH-1211, Geneva 27, Switzerland  5: Department of Entomology and Vector-borne Disease, United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, APO AE 09831-4109  6: Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, United States Army Medical Component, 31S/6 Rajvithi Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand  7: United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, 1600 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608  8: United States Army Medical Research Unit-Kenya, Unit 64109 Box 401 APO AE 09831-4109; Source Info: 1/20/2009, Vol. 106 Issue 3, p955; Subject Term: RIFT Valley fever; Subject Term: VIRUS diseases -- Transmission; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: EL Nino Current; Subject Term: HORN of Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niño; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horn of Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: risk mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation index; Author-Supplied Keyword: zoonotic disease; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0806490106
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36329703&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Seongkyu
AU  - Brentner, Kenneth S.
AU  - Farassat, F.
AU  - Morris, Philip J.
T1  - Analytic formulation and numerical implementation of an acoustic pressure gradient prediction
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2009/01/23/
VL  - 319
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1200
EP  - 1221
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Two new analytical formulations of the acoustic pressure gradient have been developed and implemented in the PSU-WOPWOP rotor noise prediction code. The pressure gradient can be used to solve the boundary condition for scattering problems and it is a key aspect to solve acoustic scattering problems. The first formulation is derived from the gradient of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW–H) equation. This formulation has a form involving the observer time differentiation outside the integrals. In the second formulation, the time differentiation is taken inside the integrals analytically. This formulation avoids the numerical time differentiation with respect to the observer time, which is computationally more efficient. The acoustic pressure gradient predicted by these new formulations is validated through comparison with available exact solutions for a stationary and moving monopole sources. The agreement between the predictions and exact solutions is excellent. The formulations are applied to the rotor noise problems for two model rotors. A purely numerical approach is compared with the analytical formulations. The agreement between the analytical formulations and the numerical method is excellent for both stationary and moving observer cases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - ACTIVE noise & vibration control
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - ROTORS -- Dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 35164374; Lee, Seongkyu 1; Email Address: sxl348@psu.edu Brentner, Kenneth S. 1; Email Address: ksbrentner@psu.edu Farassat, F. 2; Email Address: feri.farassat@nasa.gov Morris, Philip J. 1; Email Address: pjmaer@engr.psu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2009, Vol. 319 Issue 3-5, p1200; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ACTIVE noise & vibration control; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: ROTORS -- Dynamics; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2008.06.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Booth-Morrison, Christopher
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Effects of tantalum on the temporal evolution of a model Ni–Al–Cr superalloy during phase decomposition
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 909
EP  - 920
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The effects of a 2.0 at.% addition of Ta to a model Ni–10.0Al–8.5Cr (at.%) superalloy aged at 1073K are assessed using scanning electron microscopy and atom-probe tomography. The γ′(L12)-precipitate morphology that develops as a result of γ-(fcc)matrix phase decomposition is found to evolve from a bimodal distribution of spheroidal precipitates, to {001}-faceted cuboids and parallelepipeds aligned along the elastically soft 〈001〉-type directions. The phase compositions and the widths of the γ′-precipitate/γ-matrix heterophase interfaces evolve temporally as the Ni–Al–Cr–Ta alloy undergoes quasi-stationary state coarsening after 1h of aging. Tantalum is observed to partition preferentially to the γ′-precipitate phase, and suppresses the mobility of Ni in the γ-matrix sufficiently to cause an accumulation of Ni on the γ-matrix side of the γ′/γ interface. Additionally, computational modeling, employing Thermo-Calc, Dictra and PrecipiCalc, is employed to elucidate the kinetic pathways that lead to phase decomposition in this concentrated Ni–Al–Cr–Ta alloy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHASE partition
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - TANTALUM
KW  - NICKEL-aluminum alloys
KW  - CHROMIUM alloys
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - Atom-probe tomography
KW  - Nanostructures
KW  - Nickel-based superalloys
KW  - Tantalum
N1  - Accession Number: 36017526; Booth-Morrison, Christopher 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Seidman, David N. 1,3; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p909; Subject Term: PHASE partition; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: TANTALUM; Subject Term: NICKEL-aluminum alloys; Subject Term: CHROMIUM alloys; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom-probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel-based superalloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tantalum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2008.10.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36017526&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Yihua
AU  - Walker, John
AU  - Schwede, Donna
AU  - Peters-Lidard, Christa
AU  - Dennis, Robin
AU  - Robarge, Wayne
T1  - A new model of bi-directional ammonia exchange between the atmosphere and biosphere: Ammonia stomatal compensation point
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 149
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 280
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: A new multi-layer canopy resistance model of bi-directional NH3 exchange is presented. This new model, which is based on the Multi-Layer BioChemical deposition (MLBC) model [Wu, Y., Brashers, B., Finkelstein, P.L., Pleim, J.E., 2003a. A multiplayer biochemical dry deposition model. I. Model formulation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D1; Wu, Y., Brashers, B., Finkelstein, P.L., Pleim, J.E., 2003b. A multiplayer biochemical dry deposition model. II. Model evaluation. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D1], incorporates a parameterization for the ammonia stomatal compensation point that is theoretically derived to consider the effects of leaf temperature and apoplastic concentrations of NH4+ and H+. The new ammonia stomatal compensation point scheme accounts for the effects of deposition, emission and leaf temperature on the dynamics of apoplast [NH4+] and [H+]. The new model is evaluated against bidirectional NH3 fluxes measured over fertilized soybean. The general patterns of observed deposition and emission are successfully reproduced when the ammonia stomatal compensation point is included. Driven by the effects of deposition, emission and leaf temperature, modeled apoplastic [NH4+] and [H+] display significant diurnal variation when the buffer effect of the underlying metabolic processes generating or consuming NH4+ were ignored. Model predictive capability is improved slightly by incorporating the feedback into a dynamic stomatal compensation point. A simple implementation of the feedback mechanism in the current model provides opportunities for improvement. While the stomatal flux is shown to be an important process in the regulation of canopy-scale fluxes, it appears that exchange with leaf surface water and soil may also be important. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESPIRATION in plants
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - LEAF temperature
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - STOMATA
KW  - PLANT canopies
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Bi-directional flux
KW  - Compensation point
KW  - Deposition
KW  - Emission
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Soybean
N1  - Accession Number: 35934816; Wu, Yihua 1; Email Address: Yihua.Wu@noaa.gov Walker, John 2 Schwede, Donna 3 Peters-Lidard, Christa 4 Dennis, Robin 3 Robarge, Wayne 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, The Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  2: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States  3: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, United States  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  5: North Carolina State University, Department of Soil Science, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 149 Issue 2, p263; Subject Term: RESPIRATION in plants; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: LEAF temperature; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: STOMATA; Subject Term: PLANT canopies; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ammonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bi-directional flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compensation point; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soybean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2008.08.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35934816&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folk, Charles
AU  - Remington, Roger
AU  - Wu, Shu-Chieh
T1  - Additivity of abrupt onset effects supports nonspatial distraction, not the capture of spatial attention.
JO  - Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
JF  - Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 71
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 308
EP  - 313
SN  - 19433921
AB  - In a recent article, Schreij, Owens, and Theeuwes (2008) reported that abruptly onsetting distractors produce costs in performance even when spatial-cuing effects confirm the presence of a top-down set for color. The authors argued that these results show that abruptly onsetting new objects capture attention independent of a top-down set and, thus, provide conclusive evidence against the theory that attentional capture is contingent on top-down attentional control settings (Folk, Remington, & Johnston, 1992). In the following article, we argue that, contrary to the conclusion drawn by Schreij et al., their own data (1) disconfirm the claim that their abrupt onsets captured spatial attention and (2) are consistent with nonspatial interference accounts of singleton-distractor effects. In support of the nonspatial account, we show that in a paradigm similar to Schreij et al.'s, distractors that do not capture attention can nonetheless influence responses to a target. We conclude that the results of Schreij et al. do not represent a challenge to contingent capture theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Attention, Perception & Psychophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRACTION (Psychology)
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - INTEREST (Psychology)
KW  - PERCEPTION
N1  - Accession Number: 62291117; Folk, Charles 1; Email Address: charles.folk@villanova.edu Remington, Roger 2 Wu, Shu-Chieh 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, Villanova University, 19085 Villanova  2: University of Queensland, Brisbane Australia  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 71 Issue 2, p308; Subject Term: DISTRACTION (Psychology); Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: SPACE perception; Subject Term: INTEREST (Psychology); Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3758/APP.71.2.308
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
AU  - Hua Chen
AU  - Cassell, Alan
AU  - Gang-yu Liu
AU  - Jun Li
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Arrays of carbon nanofibers as a platform for biosensing at the molecular level and for tissue engineering and implantation.
JO  - Bio-Medical Materials & Engineering
JF  - Bio-Medical Materials & Engineering
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 19
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 43
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 09592989
AB  - Arrays of Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) harness the advantages of individual CNF as well the collective property of assemblies, which made them promising materials in biosensing and tissue engineering or implantation. Here, we report two studies to explore the applications of vertically aligned CNFs. First, a nanoelectrode array (NEA) based on vertically aligned CNFs embedded in SiO2 is used for ultrasensitive DNA detection. Oligonucleotide probes are selectively functionalized at the open ends of the CNFs and specifically hybridized with oligonucleotide targets. The guanine groups are employed as the signal moieties in the electrochemical measurements. Ru(bpy)32+ mediator is used to further amplify the guanine oxidation signal. The hybridization of less than ~1000 molecules of PCR amplified DNA targets are detected electrochemically by combining the CNF nanoelectrode array with the Ru(bpy)32+ amplification mechanism. Second, the SiO2 matrix was etched back to produce needle-like protruding nanoelectrode arrays to be used as cell interfacing fibers for investigating gene transfection, electrical stimulation and detection of cellular processes. Our goal is to take advantage of the nanostructure of CNFs for unconventional biomolecular studies requiring ultrahigh sensitivity, high-degree of miniaturization and selective biofunctionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bio-Medical Materials & Engineering is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOFIBERS
KW  - TISSUE engineering
KW  - DENTAL implants
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - GENETIC transformation
KW  - Carbon nanofibers
KW  - cell scaffold
KW  - DNA sensors
KW  - vertically aligned nanoelectrode array
N1  - Accession Number: 39983974; Koehne, Jessica E. 1,2; Email Address: Jessica.E.Koehne@nasa.gov Hua Chen 3 Cassell, Alan 4 Gang-yu Liu 2 Jun Li 1,5 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.  2: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.  3: ELORET Corporation, Moffett Field, CA, USA.  4: University of California, Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA, USA.  5: Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA.; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p35; Subject Term: NANOFIBERS; Subject Term: TISSUE engineering; Subject Term: DENTAL implants; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: GENETIC transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanofibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: cell scaffold; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: vertically aligned nanoelectrode array; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3233/BME-2009-0561
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peterson, Stephen D.
AU  - Axholt, Magnus
AU  - Ellis, Stephen R.
T1  - Objective and subjective assessment of stereoscopically separated labels in augmented reality
JO  - Computers & Graphics
JF  - Computers & Graphics
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 33
SN  - 00978493
AB  - Abstract: We present a new technique for managing visual clutter caused by overlapping labels in complex information displays. This technique, label layering, utilizes stereoscopic disparity as a means to segregate labels in depth for increased legibility and clarity. By distributing overlapping labels in depth, we have found that selection time during a visual search task in situations with high levels of visual overlap is reduced by 4s or 24%. Our data show that the stereoscopically based depth order of the labels must be correlated with the distance order of their corresponding objects, for practical benefits. An algorithm using our label layering technique accordingly could be an alternative to traditional label placement algorithms that avoid label overlap at the cost of distracting view plane motion, symbology dimming or label size reduction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Graphics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION display systems
KW  - STEREOSCOPIC views
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - USER interfaces (Computer systems)
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - Augmented reality
KW  - Label placement
KW  - User interfaces
KW  - Visual clutter
N1  - Accession Number: 36390451; Peterson, Stephen D. 1; Email Address: stepe@itn.liu.se Axholt, Magnus 1; Email Address: magax@itn.liu.se Ellis, Stephen R. 2; Email Address: sellis@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-601 74 Norrköping, Sweden  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: INFORMATION display systems; Subject Term: STEREOSCOPIC views; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: USER interfaces (Computer systems); Author-Supplied Keyword: Air traffic control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Augmented reality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Label placement; Author-Supplied Keyword: User interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual clutter; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cag.2008.11.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36390451&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milazzo, M. P.
AU  - Keszthelyi, L. P.
AU  - Jaeger, W. L.
AU  - Rosiek, M.
AU  - Mattson, S.
AU  - Verba, C.
AU  - Beyer, R. A.
AU  - Geissler, P. E.
AU  - McEwen, A. S.
T1  - Discovery of columnar jointing on Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 37
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 174
SN  - 00917613
AB  - We report on the discovery of columnar jointing in Marte Valles, Mars. These columnar lavas were discovered in the wall of a pristine, 16-km-diameter impact crater and exhibit the features of terrestrial columnar basalts. There are discontinuous outcrops along the entire crater wall, suggesting that the columnar rocks covered a surface area of at least 200 km2, assuming that the rocks obliterated by the impact event were similarly jointed. We also see columns in the walls of other fresh craters in the nearby volcanic plains of Elysium Planitia-Amazonis Planitia, which include Marte Vallis, and in a well-preserved crater in northeast Hellas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLUMNAR structure (Metallurgy)
KW  - OUTCROPS (Geology)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - BASALT
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - AMAZONIS Planitia (Mars)
N1  - Accession Number: 36511991; Milazzo, M. P. 1; Email Address: moses@usgs.gov Keszthelyi, L. P. 1 Jaeger, W. L. 1 Rosiek, M. 1 Mattson, S. 2 Verba, C. 1 Beyer, R. A. 3,4 Geissler, P. E. 1 McEwen, A. S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Astrogeology Team, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA  2: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA  3: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 37 Issue 2, p171; Subject Term: COLUMNAR structure (Metallurgy); Subject Term: OUTCROPS (Geology); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: BASALT; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: AMAZONIS Planitia (Mars); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G25187A.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36511991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manning, Curtis V.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Impact processing of nitrogen on early Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 199
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 273
EP  - 285
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: An intense impact flux upon a planet having a CO2 + N2 atmosphere, such as Mars, provides energy to synthesize nitric oxide, NO, which is likely converted into nitrate minerals. The same impact flux can decompose nitrate minerals if present in the crust. We build a numerical model to study the effects of early impact processes on the evolution of nitrogen in a dominantly CO2 atmosphere. We model the period of intense post-accretionary bombardment, the roughly 500 Myr period after crustal stabilization that locks in previously accreted volatiles. A best-guess, “fiducial” set of parameters is chosen, with a fixed “veneer” of post-accretionary impactors ( thick), assumed to contain carbon at 1 wt% (), with a molar C/N ratio of 18, an initial atmospheric pressure of 1 bar (with CO2/N2 =36), and a power law impactor mass distribution slope . This model produces a nitrate reservoir , equivalent to ∼30 mbars of N2, during the intense impact phase. Starting with 1 bar, the atmosphere grows to 2.75 bars. Results of models with variations of parameter values show that responds sluggishly to changes in parameter values. To significantly limit the size of this reservoir, one is required to limit the initial total atmospheric pressure be less than about 0.5 bars, and the impactor volatile content to be less than 0.003. The value of substantially determines whether the atmosphere grows or not; when , the atmosphere gains about 1.7 bars, while for , the atmosphere gains less than 200 mbars, and for , it loses about 400 mbars. Impact erosion is a minor sink of N, constituting generally less than 10% of the total supply. The loss of impactor volatile plumes can take almost 50% of incoming N and C under fiducial parameters, when atmospheric pressures are low. This nitrogen does not significantly interact with Mars, and hence is not properly delivered. When the initial N is greater than the delivered N, most of the nitrogen ends up as nitrates; when delivered N is larger, most nitrogen ends up in the atmosphere. The reason for this dichotomy seems to be that initial nitrogen is present during the whole bombardment, while delivered N, on average, only experiences half the bombardment. The operating caveat here is that the above results are all conditioned on the assumption that impact processes dominate this period of Mars atmospheric evolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - NITRATE minerals
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - evolution ( Atmospheres )
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - surface ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 36343136; Manning, Curtis V.; Email Address: cmanning@arc.nasa.gov Zahnle, Kevin J. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Building 245, Room 212, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 199 Issue 2, p273; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: NITRATE minerals; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution ( Atmospheres ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Mars ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36343136&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Hubickyj, Olenka
AU  - D'Angelo, Gennaro
AU  - Bodenheimer, Peter
T1  - Models of Jupiter's growth incorporating thermal and hydrodynamic constraints
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 199
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 338
EP  - 350
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We model the growth of Jupiter via core nucleated accretion, applying constraints from hydrodynamical processes that result from the disk–planet interaction. We compute the planet''s internal structure using a well tested planetary formation code that is based upon a Henyey-type stellar evolution code. The planet''s interactions with the protoplanetary disk are calculated using 3-D hydrodynamic simulations. Previous models of Jupiter''s growth have taken the radius of the planet to be approximately one Hill sphere radius, . However, 3-D hydrodynamic simulations show that only gas within remains bound to the planet, with the more distant gas eventually participating in the shear flow of the protoplanetary disk. Therefore in our new simulations, the planet''s outer boundary is placed at the location where gas has the thermal energy to reach the portion of the flow not bound to the planet. We find that the smaller radius increases the time required for planetary growth by ∼5%. Thermal pressure limits the rate at which a planet less than a few dozen times as massive as Earth can accumulate gas from the protoplanetary disk, whereas hydrodynamics regulates the growth rate for more massive planets. Within a moderately viscous disk, the accretion rate peaks when the planet''s mass is about equal to the mass of Saturn. In a less viscous disk hydrodynamical limits to accretion are smaller, and the accretion rate peaks at lower mass. Observations suggest that the typical lifetime of massive disks around young stellar objects is . To account for the dissipation of such disks, we perform some of our simulations of Jupiter''s growth within a disk whose surface gas density decreases on this timescale. In all of the cases that we simulate, the planet''s effective radiating temperature rises to well above soon after hydrodynamic limits begin to control the rate of gas accretion and the planet''s distended envelope begins to contract. According to our simulations, proto-Jupiter''s distended and thermally-supported envelope was too small to capture the planet''s current retinue of irregular satellites as advocated by Pollack et al. [Pollack, J.B., Burns, J.A., Tauber, M.E., 1979. Icarus 37, 587–611]. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL models
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - Accretion
KW  - interior ( Jupiter )
KW  - Jovian planets
KW  - Planet–disk interaction
KW  - Planetary formation
N1  - Accession Number: 36343143; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Email Address: jack.lissauer@nasa.gov Hubickyj, Olenka 1,2 D'Angelo, Gennaro 1 Bodenheimer, Peter 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 199 Issue 2, p338; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL models; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: interior ( Jupiter ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Jovian planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planet–disk interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary formation; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36343143&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Jordan, Jennifer L.
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
T1  - High Temperature Characteristics Of Coplanar Waveguide on R-Plane Sapphire and Alumina.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 151
SN  - 15213323
AB  - This paper presents the characteristics of coplanar waveguide transmission lines on R-plane sapphire and alumina over the temperature range of 25 °C-400 ° C and the frequency range of 45 MHz-50 GHz. A thru-reflect-line calibration technique and open circuited terminated stubs are used to extract the attenuation and effective permittivity. It is shown that the effective permittivity of the transmission lines and, therefore, the relative dielectric constant of the two substrates increase linearly with temperature. The attenuation of the coplanar waveguide varies linearly with temperature through 200°C, and increases at a greater rate above 200 ° C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Advanced Packaging is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - SAPPHIRES
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - PERMITTIVITY
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - Alumina
KW  - attenuation
KW  - coplanar waveguide
KW  - effective permittivity
KW  - high temperature
KW  - sapphire
N1  - Accession Number: 45660886; Ponchak, George E. 1; Email Address: george.ponchak@ieee.org Jordan, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: jennifer.I.jordan@nasa.gov Scardelletti, Maximilian C. 1; Email Address: maximilian.c.scardelletti@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p146; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: SAPPHIRES; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: PERMITTIVITY; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alumina; Author-Supplied Keyword: attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: effective permittivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: sapphire; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TADVP.2008.2009123
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45660886&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Inan, Omer T.
AU  - Etemadi, Mozziyar
AU  - Sanchez, Max E.
AU  - Marcu, Oana
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
AU  - Kovacs, Gregory T. A.
T1  - A Miniaturized Video System for Monitoring the Locomotor Activity of Walking Drosophila Melanogaster in Space and Terrestrial Settings.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 522
EP  - 524
SN  - 00189294
AB  - A novel method is presented for monitoring movement of Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly) in space. Transient fly movements were captured by a $60, 2.5-cm-cubed monochrome video camera imaging flies illuminated by a uniform light source. The video signal from this camera was bandpass filtered (0.3-10 Hz) and amplified by an analog circuit to extract the average light changes as a function of time. The raw activity signal output of this circuit was recorded on a computer and digitally processed to extract the fly movement "events" from the waveform. These events corresponded to flies entering and leaving the image and were used for extracting activity parameters such as interevent duration. The efficacy of the system in quantifying locomotor activity was evaluated by varying environmental temperature and measuring the activity level of the flies. The results of this experiment matched those reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOCOMOTION -- Regulation
KW  - DROSOPHILA melanogaster
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - VOLTAGE regulators
KW  - BANDPASS filters
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - LIGHT sources
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - Activity monitor
KW  - Drosophila mnelanogaster
KW  - locomotor behavior
KW  - space bIology
N1  - Accession Number: 38896702; Inan, Omer T. 1; Email Address: omeri@stanford.edu Etemadi, Mozziyar 1 Sanchez, Max E. 2 Marcu, Oana 3 Bhattacharya, Sharmila 3 Kovacs, Gregory T. A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035 USA  4: Departments of Electrical Engineering and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p522; Subject Term: LOCOMOTION -- Regulation; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA melanogaster; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: VOLTAGE regulators; Subject Term: BANDPASS filters; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activity monitor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drosophila mnelanogaster; Author-Supplied Keyword: locomotor behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: space bIology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TBME.2008.2006018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38896702&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saha, Bhaskar
AU  - Goebel, Kai
AU  - Poll, Scott
AU  - Christophersen, Jon
T1  - Prognostics Methods for Battery Health Monitoring Using a Bayesian Framework.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 291
EP  - 296
SN  - 00189456
AB  - This paper explores how the remaining useful life (RUL) can be assessed for complex systems whose internal state variables are either inaccessible to sensors or hard to measure under operational conditions. Consequently, inference and estimation techniques need to be applied on indirect measurements, anticipated operational conditions, and historical data for which a Bayesian statistical approach is suitable. Models of electrochemical processes in the form of equivalent electric circuit parameters were combined with statistical models of state transitions, aging processes, and measurement fidelity in a formal framework. Relevance vector machines (RVMs) and several different particle filters (PFs) are examined for remaining life prediction and for providing uncertainty bounds. Results are shown on battery data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - PROGNOSTIC tests
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - Battery health
KW  - Bayesian learning
KW  - particle filter
KW  - prognostics
KW  - relevance vector machine
KW  - remaining useful life
N1  - Accession Number: 39148027; Saha, Bhaskar 1; Email Address: bhaskar.saha-1@nasa.gov Goebel, Kai 2; Email Address: kai.goebel@nasa.gov Poll, Scott 2; Email Address: scott.poll@nasa.gov Christophersen, Jon 3; Email Address: Jon.Christophersen@inl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mission Critical Technologies, Inc. (NASA ARC), El Segundo. CA 90245 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  3: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p291; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: PROGNOSTIC tests; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Battery health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: particle filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: relevance vector machine; Author-Supplied Keyword: remaining useful life; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2008.2005965
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bin Zhang
AU  - Khawaja, Taimoor
AU  - Patrick, Romano
AU  - Vachtsevanos, George
AU  - Orchard, Marcos E.
AU  - Saxena, Abhinav
T1  - Application of Blind Deconvolution Denoising in Failure Prognosis.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 310
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Fault diagnosis and failure prognosis are essential techniques in improving the safety of many mechanical systems. However, vibration signals are often corrupted by noise; therefore, the performance of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms is degraded. In this paper, a novel denoising structure is proposed and applied to vibration signals collected from a testbed of the helicopter main gearbox subjected to a seeded fault. The proposed structure integrates a denoising algorithm, feature extraction, failure prognosis, and vibration modeling into a synergistic system. Performance indexes associated with the quality of the extracted features and failure prognosis are addressed, before and after denoising, for validation purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FEATURE extraction (Data processing)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Deconvolution
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - ELECTRICAL engineering
KW  - Blind deconvolution
KW  - decision support system
KW  - deconvolution
KW  - denoising
KW  - failure prognosis
KW  - fault diagnosis
KW  - gearbox vibration signal
KW  - signal processing
N1  - Accession Number: 39148029; Bin Zhang 1; Email Address: bin.zhang@gatech.edu Khawaja, Taimoor 1 Patrick, Romano 2; Email Address: romano.patrick@impact-tek.com Vachtsevanos, George 2,3; Email Address: gjv@ece.gatech.edu Orchard, Marcos E. 4; Email Address: morchard@ing.uchile.cl Saxena, Abhinav 5; Email Address: abhinav.saxena@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA  2: Impact Technologies, LLC, Rochester, NY 14623 USA  3: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA  4: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago 837-0451, Chile  5: Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Prognostics Center of Excellence, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p303; Subject Term: FEATURE extraction (Data processing); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Deconvolution; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: ELECTRICAL engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blind deconvolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: decision support system; Author-Supplied Keyword: deconvolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: denoising; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure prognosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: gearbox vibration signal; Author-Supplied Keyword: signal processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2008.2005963
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39148029&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
AU  - Das, Santanu
T1  - Detection and Prognostics on Low-Dimensional Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 54
SN  - 10946977
AB  - This paper describes the application of known and novel prognostic algorithms on systems that can be described by low-dimensional, potentially nonlinear dynamics. The methods rely on estimating the conditional probability distribution of the output of the system at a future time given knowledge of the current state of the system. We show how to estimate these conditional probabilities using a variety of techniques, including bagged neural networks and kernel methods such as Gaussian process regression (GPR). The results are compared with standard method such as the nearest neighbor algorithm. We demonstrate the algorithms on a real-world dataset and a simulated dataset. The real-world dataset consists of the intensity of an NH3 laser. The laser dataset has been shown by other authors to exhibit low-dimensional chaos with sudden drops in intensity. The simulated dataset is generated from the Lorenz attractor and has known statistical characteristics. On these datasets, we show the evolution of the estimated conditional probability distribution, the way it can act as a prognostic signal, and its use as an early warning system. We also review a novel approach to perform GPR with large numbers of data points. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - LOW-dimensional semiconductors
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - LORENZ equations
KW  - Anomaly detection
KW  - bagged neural networks
KW  - conditional probability distribution
KW  - Gaussian process regression
KW  - Gaussian process regression (GPR)
KW  - Gaussian processes
KW  - k-nearest neighbor
KW  - kernel method
KW  - log-likelihood function
KW  - Lorenz attractor
KW  - Lorenz model
KW  - low-dimensional chaos
KW  - low-dimensional potentially nonlinear dynamics
KW  - low-dimensional systems detection
KW  - low-dimensional systems prognostics
KW  - nearest neighbor algorithm
KW  - NH_3 laser system
KW  - NH3 laser system
KW  - nonlinear dynamical systems
KW  - prediction
KW  - prognosis
KW  - prognostic signal
KW  - regression analysis
KW  - simulated dataset
KW  - statistical characteristics
KW  - statistical distributions
N1  - Accession Number: 52168343; Srivastava, Ashok N. 1,2; Email Address: ashok.n.srivastava@nasa.gov Das, Santanu 3,4; Email Address: sdas@arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Member, IEEE  2: Intelligent Systems Division and the Intelligent Data Understanding Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  3: Research Center, University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC), Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA  4: Intelligent Data Understanding Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p44; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: LOW-dimensional semiconductors; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: LORENZ equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anomaly detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: bagged neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: conditional probability distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian process regression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian process regression (GPR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: k-nearest neighbor; Author-Supplied Keyword: kernel method; Author-Supplied Keyword: log-likelihood function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorenz attractor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorenz model; Author-Supplied Keyword: low-dimensional chaos; Author-Supplied Keyword: low-dimensional potentially nonlinear dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: low-dimensional systems detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: low-dimensional systems prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: nearest neighbor algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: NH_3 laser system; Author-Supplied Keyword: NH3 laser system; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonlinear dynamical systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostic signal; Author-Supplied Keyword: regression analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulated dataset; Author-Supplied Keyword: statistical characteristics; Author-Supplied Keyword: statistical distributions; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2008.2006988
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52168343&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Budalakoti, Suratna
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
AU  - Otey, Matthew E.
T1  - Anomaly Detection and Diagnosis Algorithms for Discrete Symbol Sequences with Applications to Airline Safety.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 113
SN  - 10946977
AB  - We present a set of novel algorithms which we call sequenceMiner that detect and characterize anomalies in large sets of high-dimensional symbol sequences that arise from recordings of switch sensors in the cockpits of commercial airliners. While the algorithms that we present are general and domain-independent, we focus on a specific problem that is critical to determining the system-wide health of a fleet of aircraft. The approach taken uses unsupervised clustering of sequences using the normalized length of the longest common subsequence as a similarity measure, followed by detailed outlier analysis to detect anomalies. In this method, an outlier sequence is defined as a sequence that is far away from the cluster center. We present new algorithms for outlier analysis that provide comprehensible indicators as to why a particular sequence is deemed to be an outlier. The algorithms provide a coherent description to an analyst of the anomalies in the sequence when compared to more normal sequences. In the final section of the paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of sequenceMiner for anomaly detection on a real set of discrete-sequence data from a fleet of commercial airliners. We show that sequenceMiner discovers actionable and operationally significant safety events. We also compare our innovations with standard hidden Markov models, and show that our methods are superior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Maintenance & repair
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - OUTLIERS (Statistics)
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - aerospace safety
KW  - aircraft system-wide health
KW  - airline safety
KW  - anomaly detection
KW  - commercial airliners
KW  - diagnosis
KW  - diagnosis algorithms
KW  - discrete symbol sequences
KW  - discrete symbols
KW  - discrete-sequence data
KW  - fault detection
KW  - health and safety
KW  - high-dimensional symbol sequences
KW  - integrated system health management (ISHM)
KW  - sequenceMiner
KW  - sequences
KW  - switch sensors
KW  - travel industry
KW  - unsupervised clustering
N1  - Accession Number: 52168340; Budalakoti, Suratna 1,2; Email Address: suratna@mail.utexas.edu Srivastava, Ashok N. 3,4; Email Address: ashok.n.srivastava@nasa.gov Otey, Matthew E. 3,5; Email Address: otey@google.com; Affiliation:  1: Student Member, IEEE  2: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA  3: Member, IEEE  4: Intelligent Systems Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  5: Google, Inc., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p101; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Maintenance & repair; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: OUTLIERS (Statistics); Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerospace safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft system-wide health; Author-Supplied Keyword: airline safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: anomaly detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: commercial airliners; Author-Supplied Keyword: diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: diagnosis algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: discrete symbol sequences; Author-Supplied Keyword: discrete symbols; Author-Supplied Keyword: discrete-sequence data; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: health and safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-dimensional symbol sequences; Author-Supplied Keyword: integrated system health management (ISHM); Author-Supplied Keyword: sequenceMiner; Author-Supplied Keyword: sequences; Author-Supplied Keyword: switch sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: travel industry; Author-Supplied Keyword: unsupervised clustering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488190 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2008.2007248
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52168340&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anand, Saswat
AU  - Păsăreanu, Corina
AU  - Visser, Willem
T1  - Symbolic execution with abstraction.
JO  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
JF  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 67
SN  - 14332779
AB  - We address the problem of error detection for programs that take recursive data structures and arrays as input. Previously we proposed a combination of symbolic execution and model checking for the analysis of such programs: we put a bound on the size of the program inputs and/or the search depth of the model checker to limit the search state space. Here we look beyond bounded model checking and consider state matching techniques to limit the state space. We describe a method for examining whether a symbolic state that arises during symbolic execution is subsumed by another symbolic state. Since the number of symbolic states may be infinite, subsumption is not enough to ensure termination. Therefore, we also consider abstraction techniques for computing and storing abstract states during symbolic execution. Subsumption checking determines whether an abstract state is being revisited, in which case the model checker backtracks—this enables analysis of an under-approximation of the program behaviors. We illustrate the technique with abstractions for lists and arrays. We also discuss abstractions for more general data structures. The abstractions encode both the shape of the program heap and the constraints on numeric data. We have implemented the techniques in the Java PathFinder tool and we show their effectiveness on Java programs. This paper is an extended version of Anand et al. (Proceedings of SPIN, pp. 163–181, 2006). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSTRACT thought
KW  - JAVA (Computer program language)
KW  - FILE organization (Computer science)
KW  - DATA structures (Computer science)
KW  - COMPUTERS
N1  - Accession Number: 36145988; Anand, Saswat 1; Email Address: saswat@gatech.edu Păsăreanu, Corina 2; Email Address: pcorina@email.arc.nasa.gov Visser, Willem 3; Email Address: willem@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: College of Computing , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field Mountain View 94035 USA  3: SEVEN Networks , Redwood City USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: ABSTRACT thought; Subject Term: JAVA (Computer program language); Subject Term: FILE organization (Computer science); Subject Term: DATA structures (Computer science); Subject Term: COMPUTERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 12 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10009-008-0090-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36145988&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Keyes, Dennis F.
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Manalo-Smith, Natividad
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
T1  - Toward Optimal Closure of the Earth's Top-of-Atmosphere Radiation Budget.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 748
EP  - 766
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Despite recent improvements in satellite instrument calibration and the algorithms used to determine reflected solar (SW) and emitted thermal (LW) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes, a sizeable imbalance persists in the average global net radiation at the TOA from satellite observations. This imbalance is problematic in applications that use earth radiation budget (ERB) data for climate model evaluation, estimate the earth's annual global mean energy budget, and in studies that infer meridional heat transports. This study provides a detailed error analysis of TOA fluxes based on the latest generation of Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) gridded monthly mean data products [the monthly TOA/surface averages geostationary (SRBAVG-GEO)] and uses an objective constrainment algorithm to adjust SW and LW TOA fluxes within their range of uncertainty to remove the inconsistency between average global net TOA flux and heat storage in the earth–atmosphere system. The 5-yr global mean CERES net flux from the standard CERES product is 6.5 W m-2, much larger than the best estimate of 0.85 W m-2 based on observed ocean heat content data and model simulations. The major sources of uncertainty in the CERES estimate are from instrument calibration (4.2 W m-2) and the assumed value for total solar irradiance (1 W m-2). After adjustment, the global mean CERES SW TOA flux is 99.5 W m-2, corresponding to an albedo of 0.293, and the global mean LW TOA flux is 239.6 W m-2. These values differ markedly from previously published adjusted global means based on the ERB Experiment in which the global mean SW TOA flux is 107 W m-2 and the LW TOA flux is 234 W m-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - HEAT storage
KW  - CLIMATE research
N1  - Accession Number: 36842541; Loeb, Norman G. 1 Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Doelling, David R. 1 Smith, G. Louis 2 Keyes, Dennis F. 3 Kato, Seiji 1 Manalo-Smith, Natividad 3 Wong, Takmeng 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p748; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: HEAT storage; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cline, Don
AU  - Yueh, Simon
AU  - Chapman, Bruce
AU  - Stankov, Boba
AU  - Gasiewski, Al
AU  - Masters, Dallas
AU  - Elder, Kelly
AU  - Kelly, Richard
AU  - Painter, Thomas H.
AU  - Miller, Steve
AU  - Katzberg, Steve
AU  - Mahrt, Larry
T1  - NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Airborne Remote Sensing.
JO  - Journal of Hydrometeorology
JF  - Journal of Hydrometeorology
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 338
EP  - 346
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 1525755X
AB  - This paper describes the airborne data collected during the 2002 and 2003 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). These data include gamma radiation observations, multi- and hyperspectral optical imaging, optical altimetry, and passive and active microwave observations of the test areas. The gamma observations were collected with the NOAA/National Weather Service Gamma Radiation Detection System (GAMMA). The CLPX multispectral optical data consist of very high-resolution color-infrared orthoimagery of the intensive study areas (ISAs) by TerrainVision. The airborne hyperspectral optical data consist of observations from the NASA Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS). Optical altimetry measurements were collected using airborne light detection and ranging (lidar) by TerrainVision. The active microwave data include radar observations from the NASA Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AIRSAR), the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Polarimetric Ku-band Scatterometer (POLSCAT), and airborne GPS bistatic radar data collected with the NASA GPS radar delay mapping receiver (DMR). The passive microwave data consist of observations collected with the NOAA Polarimetric Scanning Radiometer (PSR). All of the airborne datasets described here and more information describing data collection and processing are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Hydrometeorology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - GAMMA ray detectors
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - MICROWAVE measurements
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 36793367; Cline, Don 1; Email Address: donald.cline@noaa.gov Yueh, Simon 2 Chapman, Bruce 2 Stankov, Boba 3 Gasiewski, Al 3 Masters, Dallas 3 Elder, Kelly 4 Kelly, Richard 5 Painter, Thomas H. 6 Miller, Steve 7 Katzberg, Steve 8 Mahrt, Larry 9; Affiliation:  1: NOAA/NWS/National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center, Chanhassen, Minnesota  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California  3: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado  4: Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Fort Collins, Colorado  5: University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada  6: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah  7: Johnson, Kunkel & Associates, Eagle, Colorado  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, Virginia  9: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p338; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: GAMMA ray detectors; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: MICROWAVE measurements; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JHM883.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36793367&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Discussion–“Response surface design evaluation and comparison” by Christine M. Anderson-Cook, Connie M. Borror, Douglas C. Montgomery
JO  - Journal of Statistical Planning & Inference
JF  - Journal of Statistical Planning & Inference
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 139
IS  - 2
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 645
EP  - 646
SN  - 03783758
N1  - Accession Number: 35072282; Parker, Peter A. 1; Email Address: peter.a.parker@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 139 Issue 2, p645; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.jspi.2008.04.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35072282&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Mechanical properties of Hi-Nicalon fiber-reinforced celsian composites after high-temperature exposures in air
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 29
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 525
EP  - 535
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: BN/SiC-coated Hi-Nicalon fiber-reinforced celsian matrix composites (CMCs) were annealed for 100h in air at various temperatures to 1200°C, followed by flexural strength measurements at room temperature. Values of yield stress and strain, ultimate strength, and composite modulus remain almost unchanged for samples annealed up to 1100°C. A thin porous layer formed on the surface of the 1100°C annealed sample and its density decreased from 3.09 to 2.90g/cm3. The specimen annealed at 1200°C gained 0.43% weight, was severely deformed, and was covered with a porous layer of thick shiny glaze which could be easily peeled off. Some gas bubbles were also present on the surface. This surface layer consisted of elongated crystals of monoclinic celsian and some amorphous phase(s). The fibers in this surface ply of the CMC had broken into small pieces. The fiber–matrix interface strength was characterized through fiber push-in technique. Values of debond stress, σ d, and frictional sliding stress, τ f, for the as-fabricated CMC were 0.31±0.14GPa and 10.4±3.1MPa, respectively. These values compared with 0.53±0.47GPa and 8.33±1.72MPa for the fibers in the interior of the 1200°C annealed sample, indicating hardly any change in fiber–matrix interface strength. The effects of thermal aging on microstructure were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Only the surface ply of the 1200°C annealed specimens had degraded from oxidation whereas the bulk interior part of the CMC was unaffected. A mechanism is proposed explaining the various steps involved during the degradation of the CMC on annealing in air at 1200°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - FLEXURAL vibrations (Mechanics)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - Barium aluminosilicate
KW  - Ceramic composites
KW  - Fiber–matrix interface
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - SiC fibers
N1  - Accession Number: 35503151; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: narottam.p.bansal@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p525; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: FLEXURAL vibrations (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Barium aluminosilicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber–matrix interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC fibers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2008.06.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=35503151&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Batki, Steven L.
AU  - Meszaros, Zsuzsa S.
AU  - Strutynski, Katherine
AU  - Dimmock, Jacqueline A.
AU  - Leontieva, Luba
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Canfield, Kelly
AU  - Drayer, Rebecca A.
T1  - Medical comorbidity in patients with schizophrenia and alcohol dependence
JO  - Schizophrenia Research
JF  - Schizophrenia Research
Y1  - 2009/02//
VL  - 107
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
EP  - 146
SN  - 09209964
AB  - Abstract: Background: Schizophrenia and alcohol dependence are major risk factors for a variety of medical problems, yet there has been little research on the medical status of patients in whom both conditions coexist. Methods: We assessed the prevalence and severity of medical illness in 80 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and comorbid alcohol use disorders who entered a controlled trial of monitored naltrexone treatment, and analyzed the relationship between medical illness burden and demographic variables, alcohol and other substance use, and psychosis. Participants underwent physical examination, laboratory tests, medical record review and standardized assessments of medical illness burden, alcohol and other substance use, and psychosis. Nested block multiple regression analyses were used to assess the contribution to illness burden made by demographic variables, alcohol and substance use, and psychosis severity. Results: 83% of participants had at least one chronic medical illness, hypertension being the most common (43%). Medical comorbidity in this cohort was more severe than for schizophrenia patients in the CATIE trial (Chwastiak, L., Rosenheck, R., McEvoy, J.P., Keefe, R.S., Swartz, M.S., Lieberman, J.A., 2006. Interrelationships of Psychiatric Symptom Severity, Medical Comorbidity, and Functioning in Schizophrenia. Psychiatr. Serv., 57(8), 1102–1109.); the prevalence of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and coronary artery disease, was more than twice greater. Medical illness burden correlated with alcohol use severity, but appeared to be independent of other substance use or psychosis severity. Conclusions: Patients with co-occurring alcohol use disorder may have significantly more medical illness burden than patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder alone. Interventions to reduce alcohol use may be necessary to lessen medical morbidity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Schizophrenia Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCHIZOPHRENIA -- Risk factors
KW  - COMORBIDITY
KW  - DISEASE prevalence
KW  - SCHIZOPHRENICS
KW  - ALCOHOLICS
KW  - MULTIPLE regression analysis
KW  - Alcohol
KW  - Comorbidity
KW  - Medical illness
KW  - Schizophrenia
KW  - Substance abuse
N1  - Accession Number: 36192703; Batki, Steven L. 1,2,3; Email Address: steven.batki@ucsf.edu Meszaros, Zsuzsa S. 2 Strutynski, Katherine 2 Dimmock, Jacqueline A. 2 Leontieva, Luba 2 Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 4 Canfield, Kelly 2 Drayer, Rebecca A. 3,5; Affiliation:  1: UCSF Department of Psychiatry and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco, California, United States  2: Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, United States  3: VA Center for Integrated Healthcare Syracuse, New York, United States  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas, United States  5: Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 107 Issue 2/3, p139; Subject Term: SCHIZOPHRENIA -- Risk factors; Subject Term: COMORBIDITY; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: SCHIZOPHRENICS; Subject Term: ALCOHOLICS; Subject Term: MULTIPLE regression analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alcohol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comorbidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medical illness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Schizophrenia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substance abuse; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.schres.2008.10.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Chen-Chia
AU  - Trivedi, Sudhir
AU  - Jin, Feng
AU  - Swaminathan, V.
AU  - Rodriguez, Ponciano
AU  - Prasad, Narasimha S.
T1  - High sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer and its application as a laser microphone.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/02/02/
VL  - 94
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - N.PAG
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We experimentally demonstrate a high sensitivity pulsed laser vibrometer that is capable of detecting optically rough surfaces vibrating with the displacement value of 75 pm as well as its application as a laser microphone. By directing the probe light beam repeatedly onto the vibrating diaphragm and/or pressure sensing interface, the sensitivity of the pulsed laser vibrometer in detecting the displacement of the vibrating diaphragm is significantly improved down to an estimated value of less than 4 pm In this paper, we present the principles of operation of this new kind of laser microphone together with experimental validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASERS
KW  - ELECTRIC displacement
KW  - BEAM splitters
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 36534159; Wang, Chen-Chia 1; Email Address: ccwang@brimrose.com Trivedi, Sudhir 1 Jin, Feng 1 Swaminathan, V. 2 Rodriguez, Ponciano 3 Prasad, Narasimha S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Brimrose Corporation of America, 7720 Belair Road, Baltimore, Maryland 21236, USA  2: US Army, RDECOM-ARDEC, Picatinny, New Jersey 07806-5000, USA  3: INAOE, A.P. 52, Puebla 7200, Mexico  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 468, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: 2/2/2009, Vol. 94 Issue 5, pN.PAG; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC displacement; Subject Term: BEAM splitters; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3078520
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Biologically Reversible Exploration.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/02/06/
VL  - 323
IS  - 5915
M3  - Article
SP  - 718
EP  - 718
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article examines planetary science policy dictated by the international Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) mandating that other worlds of the Solar System not be contaminated in such a way that would jeopardize the conduct of future scientific investigations. The author discusses how bacteria from earth could pose a threat to other planets and contemplates the process of discovering life on Mars.
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - GOVERNMENT policy
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE pollution -- Law & legislation
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 36624264; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: christopher.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/6/2009, Vol. 323 Issue 5915, p718; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE pollution -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MILLET, DYLAN B.
AU  - ATLAS, ELLIOT L.
AU  - BLAKE, DONALD R.
AU  - BLAKE, NICOLA J.
AU  - DISKIN, GLENN S.
AU  - HOLLOWAY, JOHN S.
AU  - HUDMAN, RYNDA C.
AU  - MEINARDI, SIMONE
AU  - RYERSON, THOMAS B.
AU  - SACHSE, GLEN W.
T1  - Halocarbon Emissions from the United States and Mexico and Their Global Warming Potential.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2009/02/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1060
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We use recent aircraft measurements of a comprehensive suite of anthropogenic halocarbons, carbon monoxide (CO), and related tracers to place new constraints on North American halocarbon emissions and quantify their global warming potential. Using a chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) we find that the ensemble of observations are consistent with our prior best estimate of the U.S. anthropogenic CO source, but suggest a 30% underestimate of Mexican emissions. We develop an optimized CO emission inventory on this basis and quantify halocarbon emissions from their measured enhancements relative to CO. Emissions continue for many compounds restricted under the Montreal Protocol, and we show that halocarbons make up an important fraction of the total greenhouse gas source for both countries: our best estimate is 9% (uncertainty range 6-12%) and 32% (21-52%) of equivalent CO2 emissions for the U.S. and Mexico, respectively, on a 20 year time scale. Performance of bottom-up emission inventories is variable, with underestimates for some compounds and overestimates for others. Ongoing methylchloroform emissions are significant in the U.S. (2.8 Gg/y in 2004-2006), in contrast to bottom-up estimates (<0.05 Gg), with implications for tropospheric OH calculations. Mexican methylchloroform emissions are minor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HALOCARBONS
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - EMISSION inventories
KW  - TRICHLOROETHANE
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - MEXICO
N1  - Accession Number: 36864025; MILLET, DYLAN B. 1; Email Address: dbm@umn.edu ATLAS, ELLIOT L. 2 BLAKE, DONALD R. 3 BLAKE, NICOLA J. 3 DISKIN, GLENN S. 4 HOLLOWAY, JOHN S. 5 HUDMAN, RYNDA C. 6 MEINARDI, SIMONE 3 RYERSON, THOMAS B. 6 SACHSE, GLEN W. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108.  2: University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149.  3: University of California, Irvine, California 92697.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  5: NOAA CSD, Boulder, Colorado 80305.  6: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720.; Source Info: 2/15/2009, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p1055; Subject Term: HALOCARBONS; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: EMISSION inventories; Subject Term: TRICHLOROETHANE; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: UNITED States; Subject Term: MEXICO; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Nonlinear dislocation dynamics at ultrasonic frequencies.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2009/02/15/
VL  - 105
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - N.PAG
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - An analytical model of the effects of the Peierls–Nabarro barrier stress on the nonlinear dynamics of dislocation motion in crystalline solids resulting from a perturbative ultrasonic wave is derived. The nonlinearity is quantified by a material nonlinearity parameter β extracted from measurements of the amplitudes of the fundamental and harmonically generated ultrasonic waveforms. The β parameter is found to be functionally dependent on the magnitude of the Peierls–Nabarro barrier stress, the dislocation loop length, the shear modulus, and the Burgers vector of the crystal. The parameter is shown to exhibit a Bessel function oscillatory dependence on the stress amplitude of the fundamental ultrasonic wave resulting directly from the Peierls–Nabarro barrier stress. A sharp increase in the magnitude of β is shown to occur at low ultrasonic amplitudes where the dislocation motion is confined between adjacent lattice planes bounding the unperturbed dislocation. The generalization of the model to polycrystalline solids predicts a significant reduction in the β oscillations that results in a dramatic hooklike shape of the β versus stress amplitude curve at small values of the ultrasonic stress amplitude. Experimental observations of the hooklike shape (known as the Buck hook) have been reported in literature but the phenomenon has been previously unexplained. The present model shows that the Buck hook is a consequence of dislocation dynamics at low ultrasonic drive amplitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - BESSEL functions
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - HARMONICS (Electric waves)
KW  - LATTICE dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 36823227; Cantrell, John H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 105 Issue 4, pN.PAG; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: BESSEL functions; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: HARMONICS (Electric waves); Subject Term: LATTICE dynamics; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3081972
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gregory, S. G.
AU  - Matt, S. P.
AU  - Donati, J.-F.
AU  - Jardine, M.
T1  - The magnetic fields of accreting T Tauri stars.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/02/16/
VL  - 1094
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 76
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Models of magnetospheric accretion on to classical T Tauri stars often assume that the stellar magnetic field is a simple dipole. Recent Zeeman-Doppler imaging studies of V2129 Oph and BP Tau have shown however that their magnetic fields are more complex. V2129 Oph is a high mass T Tauri star and despite its young age is believed to have already developed a radiative core. In contrast to this, the lower mass BP Tau is likely to be completely convective. As the internal structure and therefore the magnetic field generation process is different in both stars, it is of particular interest to compare the structure of their magnetic fields obtained by field extrapolation from magnetic surface maps. We compare both field structures to mulitpole magnetic fields, and calculate the disk truncation radius for both systems. We find that by considering magnetic fields with a realistic degree of complexity, the disk is truncated at, or within, the radius obtained for dipole fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Magnetic fields
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM -- Maps
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - Stars: pre-main sequence-Stars: magnetic fields-Stars: individual: BP Tau
KW  - V2129 Oph
N1  - Accession Number: 36638813; Gregory, S. G. 1 Matt, S. P. 2,3 Donati, J.-F. 4 Jardine, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, Univ. of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK  2: Dept. of Astronomy, Univ. of Virginia, P.O. Box 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4325, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: LATT-CNRS/Université de Toulouse, 14 Av. E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France; Source Info: 2/16/2009, Vol. 1094 Issue 1, p71; Subject Term: STARS -- Magnetic fields; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM -- Maps; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: pre-main sequence-Stars: magnetic fields-Stars: individual: BP Tau; Author-Supplied Keyword: V2129 Oph; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3099215
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephens, D. C.
AU  - Leggett, S. K.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Saumon, D.
AU  - Cushing, Michael C.
AU  - Geballe, T. R.
AU  - Golimowski, D. A.
AU  - Xiaohui Fan
AU  - Noll, K. S.
T1  - The 0.8 to 14.5 μm Spectral Energy Distributions of Mid-L to Mid-T Dwarfs.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/02/16/
VL  - 1094
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 172
EP  - 177
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We fit theoretical model atmospheres to the spectral energy distribution of 21 L and T dwarfs recently observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope to identify and isolate four key physical parameters used in the model characterization of their atmospheres. The wide range of wavelengths observed (∼0.6 to 14.5 μm) lets us constrain almost independently the four model parameters used to describe these photospheres: effective temperature (Teff), grain sedimentation (fsed), vertical gas transport efficiency (Kzz), and gravity. We find that the ratio of the mid-infrared to near-infrared flux is a good indicator of Teff, while the slope in the near-infrared is strongly dependent on fsed. The CH4 bands found at 2, 3 and 8 μm are sensitive to the timescale for vertical mixing, and gravity will influence the flux at 2 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - STELLAR photospheres
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - STARS
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - stars:fundamental parameters
KW  - stars:low-mass
N1  - Accession Number: 36638940; Stephens, D. C. 1 Leggett, S. K. 2 Marley, Mark S. 3 Saumon, D. 4 Cushing, Michael C. 5 Geballe, T. R. 2 Golimowski, D. A. 6 Xiaohui Fan 7 Noll, K. S. 6; Affiliation:  1: BYU Department of Physics and Astronomy, N486 ESC, Provo, UT 84602  2: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035  4: Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545  5: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822  6: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218  7: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; Source Info: 2/16/2009, Vol. 1094 Issue 1, p172; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: STELLAR photospheres; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars:fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars:low-mass; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3099088
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reiners, Ansgar
AU  - Scholz, Alexander
AU  - Eislöffel, Jochen
AU  - Hallinan, Gregg
AU  - Berger, Edo
AU  - Browning, Matthew
AU  - Irwin, Jonathan
AU  - Küker, Manfred
AU  - Matt, Sean
T1  - The rotation-magnetic field relation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/02/16/
VL  - 1094
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 250
EP  - 257
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Today, the generation of magnetic fields in solar-type stars and its relation to activity and rotation can coherently be explained, although it is certainly not understood in its entirety. Rotation facilitates the generation of magnetic flux that couples to the stellar wind, slowing down the star. There are still many open questions, particularly at early phases (young age), and at very low mass. It is vexing that rotational braking becomes inefficient at the threshold to fully convective interiors, although no threshold in magnetic activity is seen, and the generation of large scale magnetic fields is still possible for fully convective stars. This article briefly outlines our current understanding of the rotation-magnetic field relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS
KW  - STARS -- Magnetic fields
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - COSMIC magnetic fields
KW  - stars: activity
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars:magnetic fields
N1  - Accession Number: 36638929; Reiners, Ansgar 1 Scholz, Alexander 2 Eislöffel, Jochen 3 Hallinan, Gregg 4 Berger, Edo 5 Browning, Matthew 6,7 Irwin, Jonathan 8 Küker, Manfred 9 Matt, Sean 10,11; Affiliation:  1: Universität Göttingen  2: University of St Andrews  3: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg  4: National University of Ireland Galway  5: Princeton University  6: University of California at Berkeley  7: The University of Chicago  8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics  9: Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam  10: The University of Virginia  11: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: 2/16/2009, Vol. 1094 Issue 1, p250; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: STARS -- Magnetic fields; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars:magnetic fields; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3099099
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aarnio, Alicia N.
AU  - Stassun, Keivan G.
AU  - Matt, Sean P.
T1  - T Tauri Angular Momentum Loss via Large Scale Eruptive Flaring Events.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/02/16/
VL  - 1094
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 337
EP  - 340
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project observed hundreds of T Tauri stars undergoing highly energetic X-ray flare events. Analysis of the X-ray flare decay slopes of the most energetic flares resulted in the suprising result that the magnetic loop structures involved in the flare are on the order of tens of stellar radii in length. Do these large loops represent magnetospheric accretion structures or, using a solar analogue, do they represent the eruptive flare predecessors of extreme “coronal mass ejections” (CMEs)? We have modeled the spectral energy distributions of this sample and find that the majority lack circumstellar disk material: these are weak-lined T Tauri stars with extremely large flares. This surprising result is the impetus for detailed analysis of the mass and angular momentum shed during events of this magnitude. Work is in progress to model a wider distribution of reconnection event energies and place the results into context with observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - T Tauri stars
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics)
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - Stars: mass-loss
KW  - Stars: pre-main sequence
N1  - Accession Number: 36638914; Aarnio, Alicia N. 1 Stassun, Keivan G. 1 Matt, Sean P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 2/16/2009, Vol. 1094 Issue 1, p337; Subject Term: T Tauri stars; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics); Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: mass-loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: pre-main sequence; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3099114
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36638914&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matt, Sean P.
AU  - Pudritz, Ralph E.
T1  - New Calculations of Stellar Wind Torques.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/02/16/
VL  - 1094
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 372
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Using numerical simulations of magnetized stellar winds, we carry out a parameter study to find the dependence of the stellar wind torque on observable parameters. We find that the power-law dependencies of the torque on parameters is significantly different than what has been used in all spin evolution models to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - SPACE plasmas
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - MHD
KW  - outflows
KW  - stars: magnetic fields
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars: winds
N1  - Accession Number: 36638906; Matt, Sean P. 1,2 Pudritz, Ralph E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400325, Charlottesville, VA 22904  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  3: Physics & Astronomy Department, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada; Source Info: 2/16/2009, Vol. 1094 Issue 1, p369; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: SPACE plasmas; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: MHD; Author-Supplied Keyword: outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: winds; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3099122
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grady, C. A.
AU  - Schneider, G.
AU  - Sitko, M. L.
AU  - Williger, G. M.
AU  - Hamaguchi, K.
AU  - Brittain, S. D.
AU  - Ablordeppey, K.
AU  - Apai, D.
AU  - Beerman, L.
AU  - Carpenter, W. J.
AU  - Collins, K. A.
AU  - Fukagawa, M.
AU  - Hammel, H. B.
AU  - Henning, Th.
AU  - Hines, D.
AU  - Kimes, R.
AU  - Lynch, D. K.
AU  - Pearson, R.
AU  - Russell, R. W.
AU  - Ménard, F.
T1  - The Disk and Environment of a Young Altair Analog: SAO 206462.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/02/16/
VL  - 1094
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 388
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Proto-planetary and transitional disks which are detected in scattered light provide a critical test of the interpretation of circumstellar disks based on the IR spectral energy distribution (SED) alone. The disk inclination to the line-of-sight, outter radius, and surface brightness (SB) maps or radial SB distributions provided by spatially resolved imaging remove most of the degeneracies inherent in fitting IR SEDs without such observational constraints. We have imaged the disk of SAO 206462 (HD 135344 B) in 1.1 and 1.6 μm scattered light with HST/NICMOS and can trace the essentially face-on disk out to 1.05”. The cavity detected in sub-mm observations lies entirely under the NICMOS coronagraphic spot, a result consistent with the SED fitting if the star is at d = 140 pc. The SED had previously been classified as a Meeus Group I SED and interpreted as arising in a flared disk. Neither the 1.1 nor the 1.6 μm radial surface brightness profiles are consistent with a flared disk. A FUSE FUV spectrum demonstrates the presence of excess light in this system, confirming the accretion rate estimated from Brγ. Collectively, these data strengthen the interpretation of this system as a transitional disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - stars: accretion
KW  - stars: protoplanetary disks
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars: transitional disks
KW  - stars:individual:S AO 206462
N1  - Accession Number: 36638902; Grady, C. A. 1,2 Schneider, G. 3 Sitko, M. L. 4,5,6 Williger, G. M. 7,8 Hamaguchi, K. 2,9 Brittain, S. D. 10 Ablordeppey, K. 5 Apai, D. 3 Beerman, L. 5 Carpenter, W. J. 5 Collins, K. A. 7,11 Fukagawa, M. 12 Hammel, H. B. 4,6 Henning, Th. 13 Hines, D. 4 Kimes, R. 5 Lynch, D. K. 6,14 Pearson, R. 6,14 Russell, R. W. 6,14 Ménard, F. 15; Affiliation:  1: Eureka Scientific  2: Goddard Space Flight Center  3: Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona  4: Space Science Institute  5: University of Cincinnati  6: Visiting Astronomer, NASA Infrared Telescope Facility  7: University of Louisville  8: The Johns Hopkins University  9: CRESST and University of Maryland, Baltimore County  10: Clemson University, President  11: supported by the Kentucky Space Grant Consortium and NASA  12: Osaka University  13: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie  14: The Aerospace Corporation  15: Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Grenoble; Source Info: 2/16/2009, Vol. 1094 Issue 1, p385; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: transitional disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars:individual:S AO 206462; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3099126
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leggett, S. K.
AU  - Burningham, Ben
AU  - Cushing, Michael C.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Pinfield, D. J.
AU  - Saumon, D.
AU  - Smart, Richard L.
AU  - Warren, S. J.
T1  - The 600 K T9 Dwarfs: Analysis of the Spectral Energy Distributions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/02/16/
VL  - 1094
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 541
EP  - 544
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present 8–15 μm spectra of ULAS J003402.77-005206.7, an extremely late-type T dwarf. We fit synthetic spectra to the near- through mid-infrared energy distribution of this dwarf, as well as to the near-infrared spectra of two similar dwarfs, ULAS J133553.45+113005.2 and CFBDS J005910.82-011401.3. The fit to ULAS J133553.45+113005.2 is constrained using mid-infrared photometry. We derive effective temperatures of 550–600 K for all three of these T9 dwarfs; ULAS J003402.77-005206.7 appears to be the least massive (5–30 MJup), and CFBDS J005910.82-011401.3 the most massive (30–50 MJup). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - Stars: atmospheres
KW  - Stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - Stars: low-mass
N1  - Accession Number: 36638860; Leggett, S. K. 1 Burningham, Ben 2 Cushing, Michael C. 3 Marley, M. S. 4 Pinfield, D. J. 2 Saumon, D. 5 Smart, Richard L. 6 Warren, S. J. 7; Affiliation:  1: Gemini Observatory Northern Operations, Hawaii, USA  2: University of Hertfordshire, UK  3: University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, California, USA  5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, USA  6: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Italy  7: Imperial College London, UK; Source Info: 2/16/2009, Vol. 1094 Issue 1, p541; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: low-mass; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3099168
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - R. L. Ameri  David
AU  - Ming-Hsin  Wei
AU  - David  Liu
AU  - Brett F.  Bathel
AU  - Jan P.  Plog
AU  - Albert  Ratner
AU  - Julia A.  Kornfield
T1  - Effects of Pairwise, Self-Associating Functional Side Groups on Polymer Solubility, Solution Viscosity, and Mist Control.
JO  - Macromolecules
JF  - Macromolecules
Y1  - 2009/02/24/
VL  - 42
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1380
EP  - 1391
SN  - 00249297
AB  - Solution properties are reported for homologous series of narrowly distributed polymers with systematically varied content of self-associating groups. Anionically polymerized polybutadienes of two lengths (510 and 1250 kg/mol) serve as prepolymers that are modified by incorporation of carboxylic acid side groups using thiol−ene coupling to pendant vinyl groups. Carboxylic acid groups strongly reduce polymer solubility in hydrocarbon solvents, restricting the extent of functionalization that can be examined in single-phase solutions (e.g., in chlorododecane, functionalization must be kept <1.8 mol % even for the shorter of the two backbones). In the single-phase regime, addition of hydrogen bond “stickers” weakly affects solution viscosity. Even at concentrations that produce overlap at the scale of strand length between stickers, viscosity increases are less than 1 order of magnitude. These controlled studies (using functionalized and unmodified polymer homologues of matched, well-defined length) challenge the pre-existing understanding of the rheology of self-associating polymers. The results indicate that effects of intrachain pairing are important beyond the dilute regimebehavior unaccounted for in earlier experimental and theoretical studies. The implications for mist control of aviation fuel are that self-associating polymers of acceptable solubility in the fuel are not superior to nonassociating polymers even at concentrations several times above overlap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Macromolecules is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS -- Viscosity
KW  - VISCOSITY solutions
KW  - FUNCTIONAL groups
KW  - SOLUBILITY
KW  - POLYBUTADIENE
KW  - CARBOXYLIC acids
KW  - MOLECULAR self-assembly
N1  - Accession Number: 36596206; R. L. Ameri  David 1 Ming-Hsin  Wei 1 David  Liu 1 Brett F.  Bathel 1 Jan P.  Plog 1 Albert  Ratner 1 Julia A.  Kornfield 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125; Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; and Thermo Fisher Scientific, 76227 Karlsruhe, Germany; Source Info: Feb2009, Vol. 42 Issue 4, p1380; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Viscosity; Subject Term: VISCOSITY solutions; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL groups; Subject Term: SOLUBILITY; Subject Term: POLYBUTADIENE; Subject Term: CARBOXYLIC acids; Subject Term: MOLECULAR self-assembly; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spudis, Paul
AU  - Nozette, Stewart
AU  - Bussey, Ben
AU  - Raney, Keith
AU  - Winters, Helene
AU  - Lichtenberg, Christopher L.
AU  - Marinelli, William
AU  - Crusan, Jason C.
AU  - Gates, Michele M.
T1  - Mini-SAR: an imaging radar experiment for the Chandrayaan-1 mission to the Moon.
JO  - Current Science (00113891)
JF  - Current Science (00113891)
Y1  - 2009/02/25/
VL  - 96
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 533
EP  - 539
PB  - Indian Academy of Sciences
SN  - 00113891
AB  - Mini-SAR is a single frequency (S-band; 13-cm wavelength) Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in a lightweight (~9 kg) package. Previous Earth- and space-based radar observations of the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar poles have measured areas of high circular polarization ratio consistent with volume scattering from water ice buried at shallow (0.1-1 m) depths. This detection is not definitive because of poor viewing geometry and a limited number of observations. Mini-SAR utilizes a unique hybrid polarization architecture, which allows determination of the Stokes parameters of the reflected signal, intended to distinguish volume scattering (caused by the presence of ice) from other scattering mechanisms (e.g. sub-wavelength scale surface roughness). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Current Science (00113891) is the property of Indian Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SYNTHETIC apertures
KW  - RADAR
KW  - ELECTRONIC pulse techniques
KW  - HYBRID power systems
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - Ice
KW  - Moon
KW  - poles
KW  - radar
KW  - SAR
N1  - Accession Number: 36670259; Spudis, Paul 1; Email Address: spudis@lpi.usra.edu Nozette, Stewart 1 Bussey, Ben 2 Raney, Keith 2 Winters, Helene 2 Lichtenberg, Christopher L. 3 Marinelli, William 4 Crusan, Jason C. 4 Gates, Michele M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel MD 20723, USA  3: Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, CA 93555, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: 2/25/2009, Vol. 96 Issue 4, p533; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC apertures; Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC pulse techniques; Subject Term: HYBRID power systems; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: poles; Author-Supplied Keyword: radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAR; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paul C.W.  Davies
AU  - Steven A.  Benner
AU  - Carol E.  Cleland
AU  - Charles H.  Lineweaver
AU  - Christopher P.  McKay
AU  - Felisa  Wolfe-Simon
T1  - Signatures of a Shadow Biosphere.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 249
SN  - 15311074
AB  - AbstractAstrobiologists are aware that extraterrestrial life might differ from known life, and considerable thought has been given to possible signatures associated with weird forms of life on other planets. So far, however, very little attention has been paid to the possibility that our own planet might also host communities of weird life. If life arises readily in Earth-like conditions, as many astrobiologists contend, then it may well have formed many times on Earth itself, which raises the question whether one or more shadow biospheres have existed in the past or still exist today. In this paper, we discuss possible signatures of weird life and outline some simple strategies for seeking evidence of a shadow biosphere. Astrobiology 9, 241–249. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - HABITABLE planets
N1  - Accession Number: 37833257; Paul C.W.  Davies 1 Steven A.  Benner 2 Carol E.  Cleland 3 Charles H.  Lineweaver 4 Christopher P.  McKay 5 Felisa  Wolfe-Simon 6; Affiliation:  1: BEYOND: Center for Fundamental Concepts in Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.  2: Foundation for Applied Molecular Evolution, Gainesville, Florida.  3: Department of Philosophy and the Center for Astrobiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.  4: Planetary Science Institute, Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics & Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.  5: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  6: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p241; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conklin, Daniel J.
AU  - Lillywhite, Harvey B.
AU  - Bishop, Barbara
AU  - Hargens, Alan R.
AU  - Olson, Kenneth R.
T1  - Rhythmic contractility in the hepatic portal “corkscrew” vein of the rat snake
JO  - Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
JF  - Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 152
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 397
SN  - 10956433
AB  - Abstract: Terrestrial, but not aquatic, species of snakes have hepatic portal veins with a corkscrew morphology immediately posterior of the liver. Relatively large volumes of venous blood are associated with this region, and the corkscrew vein has been proposed to function as a bidirectional valve that impedes gravitational shifts of intravascular volume. To better understand the functional significance of the corkscrew anatomy, we investigated the histology and contractile mechanisms in isolated corkscrew segments of the hepatic portal vein of a yellow rat snake (Pantherophis obsoletus). Morphologically, the corkscrew portal vein is here shown to have two distinct layers of smooth muscle – an inner circular layer, and an outer longitudinal layer, separated by a layer of collagen, – whereas only a single circular layer of smooth muscle is present in the adjacent posterior caval vein. Low frequency (~0.3 cycles*min−1) spontaneous and catecholamine-induced rhythms were observed in 11% and 89% of portal vein segments, respectively, but neither spontaneous nor agonist-induced cycling was observed in adjacent posterior (non-corkscrew) caval veins. Catecholamines, angiotensin II, or stretch increased the amplitude and/or frequency of contractile cycles. Ouabain, verapamil or indomethacin, but not tetrodotoxin, α-, or ß-adrenergic receptor antagonists, inhibited cyclical contractions indicating a dependence of these cycles on Na+/K+ ATPase, extracellular Ca2+ and prostanoid(s). These data suggest that the rhythmic contractility of the corkscrew segment of the ophidian portal vein may act in conjunction with its morphological features to improve venous return and to prevent retrograde shifts of blood that might otherwise pool in posterior veins. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACETYLCHOLINE
KW  - ANGIOTENSIN II
KW  - VASCULAR smooth muscle
KW  - RAT snakes
KW  - COLUBRIDAE
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - VEINS
KW  - HISTOLOGY
KW  - CATECHOLAMINES
KW  - 80 mM potassium Mackenzie's solution ( HI K+ )
KW  - acetylcholine ( ACh )
KW  - amplitude of cyclical contraction ( Ampl. )
KW  - angiotensin II, salmon ( ANG II )
KW  - arginine vasotocin ( AVT )
KW  - epinephrine ( EPI )
KW  - frequency in cycles*min−1 ( Freq. )
KW  - Gravity
KW  - hematoxylin and eosin ( H&E )
KW  - indomethacin ( INDO )
KW  - norepinephrine
KW  - pD2 =−log [EC50] ( NEPI )
KW  - phentolamine ( PHEN )
KW  - prazosin ( PRAZ )
KW  - propranolol ( PROP )
KW  - Snake
KW  - tetrodotoxin ( TTX )
KW  - Vascular smooth muscle
KW  - Vasomotion
KW  - Vein
KW  - Venous return
KW  - verapamil ( VR )
KW  - [M] ( EC50 )
N1  - Accession Number: 36392464; Conklin, Daniel J. 1,2 Lillywhite, Harvey B. 1,3; Email Address: hbl@zoo.ufl.edu Bishop, Barbara 2 Hargens, Alan R. 1,4 Olson, Kenneth R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Life Sciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA  3: Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA  4: UCSD Medical Center, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103-8894, USA  5: Indiana University School of Medicine — South Bend, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 152 Issue 3, p389; Subject Term: ACETYLCHOLINE; Subject Term: ANGIOTENSIN II; Subject Term: VASCULAR smooth muscle; Subject Term: RAT snakes; Subject Term: COLUBRIDAE; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: VEINS; Subject Term: HISTOLOGY; Subject Term: CATECHOLAMINES; Author-Supplied Keyword: 80 mM potassium Mackenzie's solution ( HI K+ ); Author-Supplied Keyword: acetylcholine ( ACh ); Author-Supplied Keyword: amplitude of cyclical contraction ( Ampl. ); Author-Supplied Keyword: angiotensin II, salmon ( ANG II ); Author-Supplied Keyword: arginine vasotocin ( AVT ); Author-Supplied Keyword: epinephrine ( EPI ); Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency in cycles*min−1 ( Freq. ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: hematoxylin and eosin ( H&E ); Author-Supplied Keyword: indomethacin ( INDO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: norepinephrine; Author-Supplied Keyword: pD2 =−log [EC50] ( NEPI ); Author-Supplied Keyword: phentolamine ( PHEN ); Author-Supplied Keyword: prazosin ( PRAZ ); Author-Supplied Keyword: propranolol ( PROP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Snake; Author-Supplied Keyword: tetrodotoxin ( TTX ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Vascular smooth muscle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vasomotion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vein; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venous return; Author-Supplied Keyword: verapamil ( VR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: [M] ( EC50 ); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wimmer, G.
AU  - Schuecker, C.
AU  - Pettermann, H.E.
T1  - Numerical simulation of delamination in laminated composite components – A combination of a strength criterion and fracture mechanics
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 165
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: An approach for the numerical treatment of delamination in laminated composite components is presented. A first ply failure criterion is employed to predict delamination initiation, while delamination propagation is analyzed using linear elastic fracture mechanics. The combination of initiation and propagation criteria yields a conservative estimation of the load earring capacity of a structure. Furthermore, the growth stability, the sensitivity of the results with respect to a change in the interface properties, and the non-linear structural response caused by the delamination growth process are determined. Two structures are investigated, which show the capability of the proposed approach, a curved laminate and a double lap shear test specimen. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - A. Layered structures
KW  - B. Delamination
KW  - C. Finite element analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 36340797; Wimmer, G. 1; Email Address: wimmer@ilsb.tuwien.ac.at Schuecker, C. 2 Pettermann, H.E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Austrian Aeronautics Research (AAR)/Network for Materials and Engineering at the Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Gusshausstrasse 27-29, 1040 Vienna, Austria  2: NASA Postdoctoral Program, MS 188E NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23618, United States; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p158; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Layered structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2008.10.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Kwak, Dochan
T1  - CFD activities at NASA Ames Research Center – Review of selected topics
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 481
EP  - 481
SN  - 00457930
N1  - Accession Number: 35925214; Kwak, Dochan 1; Email Address: Dochan.Kwak@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p481; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.10.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holst, Terry L.
T1  - Transonic flow potential method development at Ames research center
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 482
EP  - 490
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes selected developments in transonic flow simulation technology that have utilized nonlinear potential methods for external aerodynamic applications. In particular, the research efforts in this field at Ames Research Center are highlighted. Included are a review of the various potential equation forms, the pertinent characteristics associated with key potential equation numerical algorithms, and a variety of numerical results for various aerodynamic applications to highlight key discussion points. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 35925215; Holst, Terry L. 1; Email Address: Terry.L.Holst@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p482; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.06.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pulliam, T.H.
T1  - Early development of implicit methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics at NASA Ames
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 491
EP  - 495
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: The development of implicit finite-difference methods at the Computational Fluid Dynamics Branch (NASA Ames Research Center) in the 1970 to early 1980s timeframe is presented. The seminal work of Drs. Robert F. Warming and Richard M. Beam is highlighted. Their contribution (along with that of others in the Ames CFD Branch) paved the way for modern large scale application codes. The focus will be on a few of the significant developments (e.g., approximate factorization) and results from those early pioneering days. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35925216; Pulliam, T.H. 1; Email Address: Thomas.H.Pulliam@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p491; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.06.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan, William M.
T1  - Overset grid technology development at NASA Ames Research Center
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 496
EP  - 503
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: The idea of overset grids arose from the need to model complex multi-component systems where an optimum body-fitted grid is used for each component. One of the main motivations behind the overset grid development work at NASA originated from the requirement to perform simulations involving multiple bodies in relative motion. This article traces the development of overset grid technologies at NASA Ames Research Center, including: data format and visualization software; and algorithms and software tools for surface grid generation, volume grid generation, domain connectivity, forces and moments calculation, and flow solution computation. Examples of the use of overset grids for NASA aerospace applications are given, and current and future work to improve overset grid technologies are summarized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35925217; Chan, William M. 1; Email Address: William.M.Chan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p496; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.06.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kwak, Dochan
AU  - Kiris, Cetin
T1  - CFD for incompressible flows at NASA Ames
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 504
EP  - 510
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: Over the past 30 years, numerical methods and simulation tools for incompressible flows have been advanced as a subset of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) discipline. Although incompressible flows are encountered in many areas of engineering, the simulation of compressible flows has driven most of the development of computational algorithms and tools at NASA Ames Research Center. This is due to the stringent requirements for predicting aerodynamic performances of flight vehicles. Conversely, low-speed incompressible flow through or past flow devices did not require the same numerical accuracy. This practice of tolerating relatively low-fidelity solutions in engineering applications has changed, as the design of low-speed flow devices have become more sophisticated, along with more strict efficiency requirements. Accurate and robust CFD tools have become increasingly important in fluid engineering for incompressible and low-speed flow. This paper reviews advances in computational technologies for incompressible flow simulation developed at Ames, and some engineering successes brought about by these advances made during the same period. Additionally, some of the current challenges faced in computing incompressible flows are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 35925218; Kwak, Dochan; Email Address: Dochan.Kwak@nasa.gov Kiris, Cetin 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p504; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.06.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee-Rausch, E.M.
AU  - Frink, N.T.
AU  - Mavriplis, D.J.
AU  - Rausch, R.D.
AU  - Milholen, W.E.
T1  - Transonic drag prediction on a DLR-F6 transport configuration using unstructured grid solvers
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 511
EP  - 532
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: A second international AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop (DPW-II) was organized and held in Orlando Florida on June 21–22, 2003. The primary purpose was to investigate the code-to-code uncertainty, address the sensitivity of the drag prediction to grid size and quantify the uncertainty in predicting nacelle/pylon drag increments at a transonic cruise condition. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the DPW-II computational results from three state-of-the-art unstructured grid Navier-Stokes flow solvers exercised on similar families of tetrahedral grids. The flow solvers are USM3D – a tetrahedral cell-centered upwind solver, FUN3D – a tetrahedral node-centered upwind solver, and NSU3D – a general element node-centered central-differenced solver. Overall, grid refinement did not consistently improve the correlation with experimental data for either the wing/body or the wing/body/nacelle pylon configuration. Although, the range in total drag for the wing/body fine grids was only 5 counts, a code-to-code comparison of surface pressures and surface restricted streamlines indicated that the three solvers were not all converging to the same flow solutions– different shock locations and separation patterns were evident. Similarly, the wing/body/nacelle/pylon solutions did not appear to be converging to the same flow solutions. Although the absolute values of total drag predicted by two of the solvers for the medium and fine grids did not compare well with the experiment, the incremental drag predictions were within ±3 counts of the experimental data. Although, the sources of code-to-code variation in force and moment predictions for the three unstructured grid codes have not yet been identified, the current study reinforces the necessity of applying multiple codes to the same application to assess uncertainty. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRIDS (Cartography)
KW  - ONTOLOGY
KW  - COMPUTERS
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 35925219; Lee-Rausch, E.M. 1; Email Address: E.Lee-Rausch@nasa.gov Frink, N.T. 1 Mavriplis, D.J. 2 Rausch, R.D. 1 Milholen, W.E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Computational AeroSciences Branch, 100 NASA Road, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: University of Wyoming, College of Engineering, Dept. 3295, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p511; Subject Term: GRIDS (Cartography); Subject Term: ONTOLOGY; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.02.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tielens, A. G. G. M.
T1  - INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF INTERSTELLAR DUST.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 56
SN  - 16334760
AB  - IR spectroscopy is the premier tool to study the composition of interstellar dust. Broad absorption and emission bands provide direct identification of the solid compounds present in space and allow measurement of accurate abundances. Systematic studies of large samples of sources allow then inferences on the origin and evolution of dust in space. Overall, the observed infrared spectra of interstellar and circumstellar dust reveals an incredibly rich and varied composition. This chapter briefly reviews the principles of infrared spectroscopy. This is then applied to the composition of circumstellar oxides and minerals and interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
N1  - Accession Number: 36666525; Tielens, A. G. G. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: MS 245-3, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 35, p33; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/0935003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Galán, Severino F.
AU  - Mengshoel, Ole J.
T1  - Constraint Handling Using Tournament Selection: Abductive Inference in Partly Deterministic Bayesian Networks.
JO  - Evolutionary Computation
JF  - Evolutionary Computation
Y1  - 2009///Spring2009
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 88
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10636560
AB  - Constraints occur in many application areas of interest to evolutionary computation. The area considered here is Bayesian networks (BNs), which is a probability-based method for representing and reasoning with uncertain knowledge. This work deals with constraints in BNs and investigates how tournament selection can be adapted to better process such constraints in the context of abductive inference. Abductive inference in BNs consists of finding the most probable explanation given some evidence. Since exact abductive inference is NP-hard, several approximate approaches to this inference task have been developed. One of them applies evolutionary techniques in order to find optimal or close-to-optimal explanations. A problem with the traditional evolutionary approach is this: As the number of constraints determined by the zeros in the conditional probability tables grows, performance deteriorates because the number of explanations whose probability is greater than zero decreases. To minimize this problem, this paper presents and analyzes a new evolutionary approach to abductive inference in BNs. By considering abductive inference as a constraint optimization problem, the novel approach improves performance dramatically when a BN's conditional probability tables contain a significant number of zeros. Experimental results are presented comparing the performances of the traditional evolutionary approach and the approach introduced in this work. The results show that the new approach significantly outperforms the traditional one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Evolutionary Computation is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONSTRAINT satisfaction (Artificial intelligence)
KW  - TOURNAMENTS (Graph theory)
KW  - INFERENCE (Logic)
KW  - GRAPHICAL modeling (Statistics)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY computation
KW  - approximate abductive inference
KW  - Bayesian network
KW  - Constraint optimization problem
KW  - genetic algorithm
KW  - most probable explanation
N1  - Accession Number: 36560256; Galán, Severino F. 1; Email Address: seve@dia.uned.es Mengshoel, Ole J. 2; Email Address: ole.j.mengshoel@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Artificial Intelligence, UNED, Madrid, 28040, Spain  2: CMU, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: Spring2009, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: CONSTRAINT satisfaction (Artificial intelligence); Subject Term: TOURNAMENTS (Graph theory); Subject Term: INFERENCE (Logic); Subject Term: GRAPHICAL modeling (Statistics); Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY computation; Author-Supplied Keyword: approximate abductive inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constraint optimization problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: genetic algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: most probable explanation; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 8 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis
T1  - Algae: A Panacea Crop?
JO  - Futurist
JF  - Futurist
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 29
PB  - World Future Society
SN  - 00163317
AB  - The article discusses the significance of algae. It is practical, utilizes mostly cheap and abundant resources like saltwater and wasteland, and has the ability to lessen global carbon-dioxide output tremendously. It is stated that biofuel from algae could be a direct petroleum replacement and is an extremely practical fuel source from a production standpoint. Algae are a renewable and carbon dioxide-neutral power source.
KW  - ALGAE
KW  - BIODIESEL fuels
KW  - NATURAL resources
KW  - AQUATIC resources
KW  - WASTE lands
KW  - PETROLEUM
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - MARINE algae
N1  - Accession Number: 36400456; Bushnell, Dennis 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 43 Issue 2, p29; Subject Term: ALGAE; Subject Term: BIODIESEL fuels; Subject Term: NATURAL resources; Subject Term: AQUATIC resources; Subject Term: WASTE lands; Subject Term: PETROLEUM; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: MARINE algae; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112519 Other Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112510 Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114113 Salt water fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114114 Freshwater fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 486110 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424720 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); NAICS/Industry Codes: 424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 412110 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eke, V.R.
AU  - Teodoro, L.F.A.
AU  - Elphic, R.C.
T1  - The spatial distribution of polar hydrogen deposits on the Moon
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 200
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 18
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: A new analysis of the Lunar Prospector epithermal neutron data is presented, providing an improved map of the distribution of hydrogen near to the lunar poles. This is achieved using a specially developed pixon image reconstruction algorithm to deconvolve the instrumental response of the Lunar Prospector''s neutron spectrometer from the observed data, while simultaneously suppressing the statistical noise. The results show that these data alone require the hydrogen to be concentrated into the cold traps at up to 1 wt% water-equivalent hydrogen. This combination of localisation and high concentration suggests that the hydrogen is present either in the form of a volatile compound or as solar wind protons implanted into small regolith grains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - IMAGE reconstruction
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - MOON
KW  - LUNAR geography
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Data reduction techniques
KW  - Image processing
KW  - surface ( Moon )
N1  - Accession Number: 36607436; Eke, V.R. 1; Email Address: v.r.eke@durham.ac.uk Teodoro, L.F.A. 2 Elphic, R.C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Physics Department, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  2: Astronomy and Astrophysics Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK  3: Planetary Systems Branch, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS: 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 200 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: IMAGE reconstruction; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: LUNAR geography; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data reduction techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Moon ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.10.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GUOQING ZHOU
AU  - AMBROSIA, VINCE
AU  - GASIEWSKI, ALBIN J.
AU  - BLAND, GEOFF
T1  - Foreword to the Special Issue on Unmanned Airborne Vehicle (UAV) Sensing Systems for Earth Observations.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 687
EP  - 689
SN  - 01962892
AB  - This article discusses the topic of Unmanned Airborne Vehicles (UAVs) covered in the seven papers found in this issue. Five of the papers discuss UAV sensors and sensor systems.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - REMOTELY piloted vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 36932404; GUOQING ZHOU 1 AMBROSIA, VINCE 2 GASIEWSKI, ALBIN J. 3 BLAND, GEOFF 4; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University Norfolk, 23529 VA.  2: NASA-Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA.  3: NOAA-CU Center for Environmental Technology University of Colorado UCB 0425 Boulder, 80309 CO.  4: NASA—Goddard Space Flight Center Wallops Flight Facility 23337 VA.; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p687; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: REMOTELY piloted vehicles; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaoxiong Xiong
AU  - Wenny, Brian N.
AU  - Aisheng Wu
AU  - Barnes, William L.
AU  - Salomonson, Vincent V.
T1  - Aqua MODIS Thermal Emissive Band On-Orbit Calibration, Characterization, and Performance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 803
EP  - 814
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The NASA's Earth Observing System Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) has continued to operate with satisfactory performance since its launch in May 2002, exceeding its nominal six-year design lifetime. Its continuous Earth observations have been used to generate many science data products for studies of the Earth's system. MODIS has 36 spectral bands: 20 reflective solar bands and 16 thermal emissive bands (TEBs). All TEB observations are made at 1-km nadir spatial resolution with spectral wavelengths from 3.7 to 14.4 μm. Primary applications of MODIS TEB include surface, cloud, and atmospheric temperatures, water vapor, and cloud top altitude. MODIS TEB on-orbit calibration uses a quadratic algorithm with its calibration coefficients derived using an on- board blackbody (BB). This paper will present Aqua MODIS TEB on-orbit calibration, characterization, and performance over its six-year mission. Examples of instrument thermal behavior, RB temperature stability, detector short-term stability, and changes in long-term response (or system gain) will be presented. Comparisons will also be made with Terra MODIS, launched in December 1999. On-orbit results show that Aqua MODIS and its focal plane temperatures have behaved normally. BB temperature has remained extremely stable with typical scan-to-scan variations of less than ±0.15 mK. Most TEB detectors continue to exceed their specified signal-to-noise ratio requirements, exhibiting excellent short-term stability and calibration accuracy. Excluding a few noisy detectors, either identified prelaunch or occurring postlaunch, on-orbit changes in TEB responses have been less than 0.5% on an annual basis. By comparison, the overall Aqua TEB performance has been better than that of Terra MODIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - BLACKBODY radiation
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Aqua
KW  - blackbody (BB)
KW  - calibration
KW  - detector
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - radiometer
KW  - thermal emissive bands (TEBs)
N1  - Accession Number: 36932414; Xiaoxiong Xiong 1; Email Address: Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov Wenny, Brian N. 2; Email Address: brianwenny@ssaihq.com Aisheng Wu 2; Email Address: aishengwu@ssaihq.com Barnes, William L. 3 Salomonson, Vincent V. 3; Affiliation:  1: The Sciences and Exploration Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA.  2: The Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706 USA.  3: ). W. L. Barnes is with the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Balti- more, MD 21250 USA (e-mail: Williani.L.Barnes@nasa.gov). V. V. Salomonson is with the University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA (e-mail: vincent.v.salomonson@nasa.gov).; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p803; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: BLACKBODY radiation; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua; Author-Supplied Keyword: blackbody (BB); Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: detector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal emissive bands (TEBs); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simons, Rainee N.
AU  - Wintucky, Edwin G.
AU  - Wilson, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Force, Dale A.
T1  - Ultra-High Power and Efficiency Space Traveling-Wave Tube Amplifier Power Combiner With Reduced Size and Mass for NASA Missions.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 582
EP  - 588
SN  - 00189480
AB  - In the 2008 IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society International Microwave Symposium Digest version of our paper, recent advances in high power and efficiency space traveling-wave tube amplifiers for NASA's space-to-Earth communications are presented. The RF power and efficiency of a new K-band amplifier are 40W and 50% and that of a new Ka-band amplifier are 200 Wand 60%. An important figure-of-merit, which is defined as the ratio of the RF power output to the mass (W/kg) of a traveling-wave tube (TWT), has improved by a factor of 10 over the previous generation Ka-band devices. In this paper, a high power high efficiency Ka-band combiner for multiple TWTs, based on a novel hybrid magic-T waveguide circuit design, is presented. The measured combiner efficiency is as high as 90%. In addition, at the design frequency of 32.05 GHz, error-free uncoded binary phase-shift keying/quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) data transmission at 8 Mb/s, which is typical for deep-space communications, is demonstrated. Furthermore, QPSK data transmission at 622 Mb/s is demonstrated with a low bit error rate of 2.4 x 10-8, which exceeds the deep-space state-of-the-art data rate transmission capability by more than two orders of magnitude. A potential application of the TWT combiner is in deep-space communication systems for planetary exploration requiring transmitter power on the order of a kilowatt or higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - MILLIMETER wave devices
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - LUNAR surface vehicles
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuit design
KW  - AUDIO amplifiers
KW  - Amplifiers
KW  - magic-T
KW  - microwave power amplifiers
KW  - millimeter wave power amplifiers
KW  - millimeter wave tubes
KW  - power combiner
KW  - power conditioning
KW  - satellite communication
KW  - space technology
KW  - traveling-wave tubes (TWTs)
KW  - waveguide
N1  - Accession Number: 37014641; Simons, Rainee N. 1; Email Address: Rainee.N.Simons@nasa.gov Wintucky, Edwin G. 1; Email Address: Edwin.G.Wintucky@nasa.gov Wilson, Jeffrey D. 1; Email Address: Jeffrey.D.Wilson@nasa.gov Force, Dale A. 1; Email Address: Dale.A.Force@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p582; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: MILLIMETER wave devices; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: LUNAR surface vehicles; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuit design; Subject Term: AUDIO amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: magic-T; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave power amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave power amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave tubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: power combiner; Author-Supplied Keyword: power conditioning; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: space technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: traveling-wave tubes (TWTs); Author-Supplied Keyword: waveguide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2008.2012298
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF A FeFET-BASED ANALOG AMPLIFIER.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 107
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 42
SN  - 10584587
AB  - The use of ferroelectric field-effect transistors (FeFETs) to create simple amplifiers is not completely understood and has not been extensively studied. This paper summarizes the results of behavioral characterization of a FeFET-based analog amplifier. The characterization incorporates several variables that affect the amplifier's output, including frequency, load resistance, and gate-to-source voltage. More specifically, the relationship between the frequency of the input signal and each of the peak output voltage, phase shift of the output signal, and voltage gain is examined. Also analyzed is the effect of load resistance on each of these three output parameters. These relationships are noted in actual oscilloscope outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - OSCILLOSCOPES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - analog amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
N1  - Accession Number: 44746809; Sayyah, Rana 1 Hunt, Mitchell 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Email Address: ho@ece.uah.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, USA.; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 107 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: OSCILLOSCOPES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: analog amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334515 Instrument Manufacturing for Measuring and Testing Electricity and Electrical Signals; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584580903324311
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Asthana, Rajiv
T1  - Joining of ZrB2-Based Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramic Composites to Cu–Clad–Molybdenum for Advanced Aerospace Applications.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 113
EP  - 133
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Three hot-pressed ZrB2-based ultra-high-temperature ceramic composites (UHTCC), ZrB2–SiCp (ZS), ZrB2–SiCp–C (ZSC), and ZrB2–SCS9A (SiC fiber)–SiCp (ZSS), were joined to Cu–clad–Mo using AgCuTi brazes ( TL∼1073–1173K) and Pd-base brazes ( TL∼1493–1513K). More extensive chemical interactions occurred in Pd-base joints than in AgCuTi-base joints. The Pd-braze region displayed higher hardness in joints made using ZS than ZSS and ZSC. Residual stress calculations point toward negative strain energy up to ∼23% clad layer thickness because αCu–clad–Mo<αZS (α=coefficients of thermal expansion). Above this thickness, αCu–clad–Mo>αZS, strain energy is positive, and it increases with increasing thickness. Projected reductions in the thermal resistance highlight the benefits of joining the UHTCC to Cu–clad–Mo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - TOXICOLOGICAL interactions
KW  - METALS
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ALLOYS
N1  - Accession Number: 36857410; Singh, Mrityunjay 1; Email Address: mrityunjay.singh-1@nasa.gov Asthana, Rajiv 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, MS 106-5, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin 54751; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p113; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: TOXICOLOGICAL interactions; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ALLOYS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2008.02291.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lamar, John E.
T1  - Prediction of F-16XL Flight-Flow Physics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 354
EP  - 354
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This article presents information about the articles included in the special section of the "Journal of Aircraft" that is devoted to the testing of the F-16XL-1 jet aircraft and the project entitled Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project. The project dealt primarily with vortical flows using actual aircraft geometry from the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The article also thanks all of the researchers, including graduate students, who participated in the project.
KW  - JET planes
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37551640; Lamar, John E. 1; Email Address: johnelamar@verizon.net; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p354; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obara, Clifford J.
AU  - Lamart, John E.
T1  - Overview of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 355
EP  - 355
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper provides a brief history of the F-16XL-1 aircraft, its role in the High-Speed Research Program, and how it was morphed into the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project. Various flight, wind-tunnel, and computational fluid dynamics data sets were generated as part of the project. These unique and open flight data sets for surface pressures, boundary-layer profiles, and skin-friction distributions, along with surface flow data, are described and sample data comparisons are given. This is followed by a description of how the project became internationally known as Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International and is concluded by an introduction to the results of a four-year computational predictive study of data collected at flight conditions by participating researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - JET planes
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 37551641; Obara, Clifford J. 1 Lamart, John E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p355; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boelens, O. J.
AU  - Badcock, K. J.
AU  - Görtz, S.
AU  - Morton, S.
AU  - Fritz, W.
AU  - Karman, Jr, S. L.
AU  - Michal, T.
AU  - Lamar, J. E.
T1  - F-16XL Geometry and Computational Grids Used in Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 369
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The objective of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International was to allow a comprehensive validation of computational fluid dynamics methods against the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project flight database. A major part of this work involved the generation of high-quality computational grids. Before the grid generation, an airtight geometry of the F-16XL aircraft was generated by a cooperation of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International partners. Based on this geometry description, both structured and unstructured grids have been generated. The baseline structured (multiblock) grid (and a family of derived grids) has been generated by the National Aerospace Laboratory. Although the algorithms used by the National Aerospace Laboratory had become available just before the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International and thus only a limited experience with their application to such a complex configuration had been gained, a grid of good quality was generated well within four weeks. This time compared favorably with that required to produce the unstructured grids in the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International. The baseline all-tetrahedral and hybrid unstructured grids have been generated at NASA Langley Research Center and the U.S. Air Force Academy, respectively. To provide more geometrical resolution, trimmed unstructured grids have been generated at the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company's Military Air Systems, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga SimCenter, Boeing Phantom Works, Royal Institute of Technology, and the Swedish Defence Research Agency. All grids generated within the framework of the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International will be discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37551642; Boelens, O. J. 1; Email Address: boelens@nlr.nl. Badcock, K. J. 2; Email Address: K.J.Badcock@liverpool.ac.uk Görtz, S. 3; Email Address: Stefan.Goertz@dlr.de. Morton, S. 4; Email Address: Scott.Morton@eglin.af.mil Fritz, W. 5; Email Address: willy.fritz@eads.com Karman, Jr, S. L. 6; Email Address: Steve-Karman@utc.edu Michal, T. 7; Email Address: todd.r.michal@boeing.com Lamar, J. E. 8; Email Address: johnelamar@verizon.net; Affiliation:  1: National Aerospace Laboratory/NLR, 1006 BM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.  2: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England L69 7BZ United Kingdom.  3: Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.  4: U.S. Air Force, Eglin Air Force Base, Florida 32542.  5: European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company, 81633 Munich, Germany.  6: University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37403.  7: The Boeing Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0516.  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p369; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boelens, O. J.
AU  - Badcock, K. J.
AU  - Elmilgui, A.
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, K. S.
AU  - Massey, S. J.
T1  - Comparison of Measured and Block Structured Simulation Results for the F-16XL Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 377
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents a comparison of the predictions of three Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes codes for flight conditions of the F-16XL aircraft that feature vortical flow. The three codes, ENSOLV, parallel multiblock, and propulsion aerodynamics branch 3-D unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes, solve on structured multiblock grids. Flight data for comparison were available in the form of surface pressures, skin friction, boundary-layer data, and photographs of tufts. The three codes provided predictions that were consistent with expectations based on the turbulence modelling used, which was k-ϵ, k-ω with vortex corrections, and an algebraic stress model. The agreement with flight data was good, with the exception of the outer wing primary vortex strength. The confidence in the application of the computational fluid dynamics codes to complex fighter configurations increased significantly through this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - VORTEX generators
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 37551643; Boelens, O. J. 1; Email Address: boelens@nlr.nl Badcock, K. J. 2; Email Address: K.J.Badcock@liverpool.ac.uk Elmilgui, A. 3 Abdol-Hamid, K. S. 4 Massey, S. J. 5; Affiliation:  1: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1006 BMAmsterdam, The Netherlands  2: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England L69 7BZ, United Kingdom.  3: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  5: Eagle Aeronautics, Hampton, Virginia 23666.; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p377; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Görtz, Stefan
AU  - Jirásek, A.
AU  - Morton, Scott. A.
AU  - McDaniel, David R.
AU  - Cummings, Russell M.
AU  - Lamar, John E.
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
T1  - Standard Unstructured Grid Solutions for Cranked Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International F-16XL.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 385
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Steady and unsteady viscous flow simulations of a full-scale, semispan, and full-span model of the F-16XL-1 aircraft are performed with three different computational fluid dynamics codes using a common unstructured grid. Six different flight conditions are considered. They represent Reynolds and Mach number combinations at subsonic speeds, with and without sideslip. The steady computations of the flow at these flight conditions are made with several Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes turbulence models of different complexity. Detached-eddy simulation, delayed detached-eddy simulation, and an algebraic hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes/large-eddy simulation model are used to quantify unsteady effects at the same flight conditions. The computed results are compared with flight-test data in the form of surface pressures, skin friction, and boundary-layer velocity profiles. The focus of the comparison is on turbulence modeling effects and effects of unsteadiness. The overall agreement with flight data is good, with no clear trend as to which physical modeling approach is superior for this class of flow. The Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes turbulence models perform well in predicting the flow in an average sense. However, some of the flow conditions involve locally unsteady flow over the aircraft, which are held responsible for the scatter between the different turbulence modeling approaches. The detached-eddy simulations are able to quantify the unsteady effects, although they are not consistently better than the Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes turbulence models in predicting the flow in an average sense in these flow regions. Detached-eddy simulation fails to predict boundary-layer profiles consistently over a range of flow regimes, with delayed detached-eddy simulation and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes/large-eddy simulation models offering a remedy to recover some of the predictive capabilities of the underlying Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes turbulence model. Nonetheless, the confidence in the predictive capabilities of the computational fluid dynamics codes with regard to complex vortical flowfields around high-performance aircraft of this planform increased significantly during this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - UNSTEADY viscous flow
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 37551644; Görtz, Stefan 1 Jirásek, A. 2 Morton, Scott. A. 3 McDaniel, David R. 4 Cummings, Russell M. 4 Lamar, John E. 5 Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. 5; Affiliation:  1: Royal Institute of Technology, KTH, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.  2: Swedish Defence Research Agency, FOI, 164 90 Stockholm, Sweden.  3: U.S. Air Force SEEK EAGLE Office, Eglin AFB, Florida 32542.  4: U.S. Air Force Academy, USAF Academy, Colorado 80840.  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p385; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: UNSTEADY viscous flow; Subject Term: MACH number; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rizzi, Arthur
AU  - Jirásek, Adam
AU  - Lamar, John E.
AU  - Crippa, Simone
AU  - Badcock, Kenneth J.
AU  - Boelens, Okko J.
T1  - Lessons Learned from Numerical Simulations of the F-16XL Aircraft at Flight Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 423
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Nine organizations participated in the Cranked-Arrow Wing Aerodynamics Project International study and have contributed steady and unsteady viscous simulations of a full-scale semispan model of the F-16XL aircraft. Three different categories of flight Reynolds/Mach number combinations are computed and compared with flight-test measurements for the purpose of code validation and improved understanding of the flight physics. Steady-state simulations are done with several turbulence models (of different complexity, with no topology information required) that overcome Boussinesq-assumption problems in vortical flows. Detached-eddy simulation and its successor, delayed detached-eddy simulation, are used to compute the time-accurate flow development. Common structured and unstructured grids as well as individually adapted unstructured grids were used. Although discrepancies are observed in the comparisons, overall reasonable agreement is demonstrated for surface pressure distribution, local skin friction, and boundary velocity profiles at subsonic speeds. The physical modeling, be it steady or unsteady flow, and the grid resolution both contribute to the discrepancies observed in the comparisons with flight data, but at this time, how much each part contributes to the whole cannot be determined. Overall, it can be said that the technology readiness of computational fluid dynamics simulation technology for the study of vehicle performance has matured since 2001, such that it can be used today with a reasonable level of confidence for complex configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIGHTER planes
KW  - MILITARY jets
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SKIN friction (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 37551646; Rizzi, Arthur 1 Jirásek, Adam 2 Lamar, John E. 3 Crippa, Simone 1 Badcock, Kenneth J. 4 Boelens, Okko J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden.  2: Swedish Defence Research Agency, 164 90 Stockholm, Sweden.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  4: University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England L69 3GH, United Kingdom.  5: National Aerospace Laboratory/NLR, 1059 CM Amsterdam, The Netherlands.; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p423; Subject Term: FIGHTER planes; Subject Term: MILITARY jets; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SKIN friction (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Housman, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Kiris, Cetin C.
AU  - Hafez, Mohamed H.
T1  - Time-Derivative Preconditioning Methods for Multicomponent Flows Part I: Riemann Problems.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 76
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 021210-1
EP  - 021210-13
SN  - 00218936
AB  - A time-derivative preconditioned system of equations suitable for the numerical simulation of inviscid multicomponent and multiphase flows at all speeds is described. The system is shown to be hyperbolic in time and remains well conditioned in the incompressible limit, allowing time marching numerical methods to remain an efficient solution strategy. It is well known that the application of conservative numerical methods to multicomponent flows containing sharp fluid interfaces will generate nonphysical pressure and velocity oscillations across the component interface. These oscillations may lead to stability problems when the interface separates fluids with large density ratio, such as water and air. The effect of which may lead to the requirement of small physical time steps and slow subiteration convergence for implicit time marching numerical methods. At low speeds the use of nonconservative methods may be considered In this paper a characteristic-based preconditioned nonconservative method is described. This method preserves pressure and velocity equilibrium across fluid interfaces, obtains density ratio independent stability and convergence, and remains well conditioned in the incompressible limit of the equations. To extend the method to transonic and supersonic flows containing shocks, a hybrid formulation is described, which combines a conservative preconditioned Roe method with the nonconservative preconditioned characteristic-based method. The hybrid method retains the pressure and velocity equilibrium at component interfaces and converges to the physically correct weak solution. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the nonconservative and hybrid approaches, a series of one-dimensional multicomponent Riemann problems is solved with each of the methods. The solutions are compared with the exact solution to the Riemann problem, and stability of the numerical methods are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - RIEMANN-Hilbert problems
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations -- Oscillation theory
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - dual time stepping
KW  - hybrid conservative/nonconservative method
KW  - split coefficient matrix (SCM) method
KW  - time-derivative preconditioning methods
N1  - Accession Number: 37035033; Housman, Jeffrey A. 1 Kiris, Cetin C. 2 Hafez, Mohamed H. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of California Davis, 2132 Bainer Hall, One Sheilds Avenue, Davis, CA 95616  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing(NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 76 Issue 2, p021210-1; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: INVISCID flow; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: RIEMANN-Hilbert problems; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations -- Oscillation theory; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual time stepping; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid conservative/nonconservative method; Author-Supplied Keyword: split coefficient matrix (SCM) method; Author-Supplied Keyword: time-derivative preconditioning methods; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.3072905
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37035033&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chu, Xinzhao
AU  - Yamashita, Chihoko
AU  - Espy, Patrick J.
AU  - Nott, Graeme J.
AU  - Jensen, Eric J.
AU  - Liu, Han-Li
AU  - Huang, Wentao
AU  - Thayer, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Responses of polar mesospheric cloud brightness to stratospheric gravity waves at the South Pole and Rothera, Antarctica
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 71
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 445
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: We present the first observational proof that polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) brightness responds to stratospheric gravity waves (GWs) differently at different latitudes by analyzing the Fe Boltzmann lidar data collected from the South Pole and Rothera (67.5°S, 68.0°W), Antarctica. Stratospheric GW strength is characterized by the root-mean-square (RMS) relative density perturbation in the 30–45km region and PMC brightness is represented by the total backscatter coefficient (TBC) in austral summer from November to February. The linear correlation coefficient (LCC) between GW strength and PMC brightness is found to be +0.09 with a 42% confidence level at the South Pole and −0.49 with a 98% confidence level at Rothera. If a PMC case potentially affected by a space shuttle exhaust plume is removed from the Rothera dataset, the negative correlation coefficient and confidence level increase to −0.61 and 99%, respectively. The Rothera negative correlation increases when shorter-period waves are included while no change is observed in the South Pole correlation. Therefore, observations show statistically that Rothera PMC brightness is negatively correlated with the stratospheric GW strength but no significant correlation exists at the South Pole. A positive correlation of +0.74 with a confidence level of 99.98% is found within a distinct subset of the South Pole data but the rest of the dataset exhibits a random distribution, possibly indicating different populations of ice particles at the South Pole. Our data show that these two locations have similar GW strength and spectrum in the 30–45km region during summer. The different responses of PMC brightness to GW perturbations are likely caused by the latitudinal differences in background temperatures in the ice crystal growth region between the PMC altitude and the mesopause. At Rothera, where temperatures in this region are relatively warm and supersaturations are not as large, GW-induced temperature perturbations can drive subsaturation in the warm phase. Thus, GWs can destroy growing ice crystals or limit their growth, leading to negative correlation at Rothera. Because the South Pole temperatures in the mesopause region are much colder, GW-perturbed temperature may never be above the frost point and have less of an impact on crystal growth and PMC brightness. The observed phenomena and proposed mechanisms above need to be understood and verified through future modeling of GW effects on PMC microphysics and ray modeling of GW propagation over the South Pole and Rothera. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOCTILUCENT clouds
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Polar mesospheric clouds
KW  - Stratosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 37162271; Chu, Xinzhao 1; Email Address: Xinzhao.Chu@Colorado.edu Yamashita, Chihoko 1 Espy, Patrick J. 2 Nott, Graeme J. 3 Jensen, Eric J. 4 Liu, Han-Li 5 Huang, Wentao 1 Thayer, Jeffrey P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences and Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, USA  2: Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway  3: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 71 Issue 3/4, p434; Subject Term: NOCTILUCENT clouds; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar mesospheric clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2008.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Samuel A.
T1  - Misalignment in Gas Foil Journal Bearings: An Experimental Study.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 131
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 22501
EP  - 22501
SN  - 07424795
AB  - As gas foil journal bearings become more prevalent in production machines, such as small gas turbine propulsion systems and microturbines, system level performance issues must be identified and quantified in order to provide for successful design practices. Several examples of system level design parameters that are not fully understood in foil bearing systems are thermal management schemes, alignment requirements, balance requirements, thrust load balancing, and others. in order to address some of these deficiencies and begin to develop guidelines, this paper presents a preliminary experimental investigation of the misalignment tolerance of gas foil journal bearing systems. Using a notional gas foil bearing supported rotor and a laser-based shaft alignment systems, increasing levels of misalignment are imparted to the bearing supports while monitoring temperature at the bearing edges. The amount of misalignment that induces bearing failure is identified and compared with other conventional bearing types such as cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings. Additionally, the dynamic response of the rotor indicates that the gas foil bearing force coefficients may be affected by misalignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS-lubricated journal bearings
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BALL bearings
KW  - ROTORS -- Bearings
KW  - ROLLER bearings
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - LASERS -- Industrial applications
KW  - bearing
KW  - foil bearing
KW  - gas bearing
KW  - rotordynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 36451925; Howard, Samuel A. 1; Email Address: samuekahoward@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Brook Park, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 131 Issue 2, p22501; Subject Term: GAS-lubricated journal bearings; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BALL bearings; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Bearings; Subject Term: ROLLER bearings; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: LASERS -- Industrial applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: bearing; Author-Supplied Keyword: foil bearing; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas bearing; Author-Supplied Keyword: rotordynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10:1115/1.2966392
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36451925&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delgado, Irebert R.
AU  - Steinertz, Bruce M.
AU  - Rimnac, Clare M.
AU  - Lewandowski, John J.
T1  - Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior Evaluation of Grainex Mar-M 247 for NASA's High Temperature High Speed Turbine Seal Test Rig.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 131
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 22504
EP  - 22504
SN  - 07424795
AB  - The fatigue crack growth behavior of Grainex Mar-M 247 is evaluated for NASA's turbine seal test facility. The facility is used to test air-to-air seals primarily for use in advanced jet engine applications. Because of extreme seal test conditions of temperature, pressure, and surface speeds, surface cracks may develop over time in the disk bolt holes. An inspection interval is developed to preclude catastrophic disk failure by using experimental fatigue crack growth data. By combining current fatigue crack growth results with previous fatigue strain-life experimental work, an inspection interval is determined for the test disk. The fatigue crack growth life of NASA disk bolt holes is found to he 367 cycles at a crack depth of 0.501 mm using a factor of 2 on life at maximum operating conditions. Combining this result with previous fatigue strain-life experimental work gives a total fatigue life of 1032 cycles at a crack depth of 0.501 mm. Eddy-current inspections are suggested starting at 665 cycles since eddy current detection thresholds are currently at 0.381 mm. inspection intervals are recommended every 50 cycles when operated at maximum operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - TESTING laboratories
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Air locks -- Hatch cover seals
KW  - ROTATING disks
KW  - JET engines
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 36451928; Delgado, Irebert R. 1; Email Address: rebert.r.deIgado@r!asa.gov Steinertz, Bruce M. 1 Rimnac, Clare M. 2 Lewandowski, John J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 21 000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 131 Issue 2, p22504; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: TESTING laboratories; Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Air locks -- Hatch cover seals; Subject Term: ROTATING disks; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621511 Medical Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 12 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.2980058
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36451928&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Wood, William A.
T1  - Heating Augmentation for Short Hypersonic Protuberances.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 284
EP  - 291
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Computational aeroheating analyses of the Space Shuttle Orbiter plug-repair models are validated against data collected in the Calspan--University of Buffalo Research Center 48 in. shock tunnel. The comparison shows that the average difference between computed heat transfer results and the data is about 9.5%. Using computational fluid dynamics and wind-tunnel data, an empirical correlation for estimating heating augmentation on short hypersonic protuberances (κ/δ < 0.3) is proposed. This proposed correlation is compared with several computed flight simulation cases and good agreement is achieved. Accordingly, this correlation is proposed for further investigation on other short hypersonic protuberances for estimating heating augmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles -- Accidents
KW  - SHOCK tunnels
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 38998431; Mazaheri, Alireza 1,2; Email Address: Ali.R.Mazaheri@nasa.gov Wood, William A. 2; Email Address: William.A.Wood@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Virginia 23681; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p284; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles -- Accidents; Subject Term: SHOCK tunnels; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.39992
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38998431&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prince, Jill L.
AU  - Dec, John A.
AU  - Tolson, Robert H.
T1  - Autonomous Aerobraking Using Thermal Response Surface Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 298
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Aerobraking is a proven method of significantly increasing the science payload that can be placed into low Mars orbits when compared to an all propulsive capture. However, the aerobraking phase is long and has mission cost and risk implications. The main cost benefit is that aerobraking permits the use of a smaller and cheaper launch vehicle, but additional operational costs are incurred during the long aerobraking phase. Risk is increased due to the repeated thermal loading of spacecraft components and the multiple attitude and propulsive maneuvers required for successful aerobraking. Both the cost and risk burdens can be significantly reduced by automating the aerobraking operations phase. All of the previous Mars orbiter missions that have used aerobraking have increasingly relied on onboard calculations during aerobraking. Even though the temperature of spacecraft components has been the limiting factor, operational methods have relied on using a surrogate variable for mission control. This paper describes several methods, based directly on spacecraft component maximum temperature, for autonomously predicting the subsequent aerobraking orbits and prescribing apoapsis propulsive maneuvers to maintain the spacecraft within specified temperature limits. Specifically, this paper describes the use of thermal response surface analysis in predicting the temperature of the spacecraft components and the corresponding uncertainty in this temperature prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - ORBIT
N1  - Accession Number: 38998432; Prince, Jill L. 1 Dec, John A. 1 Tolson, Robert H. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: North Carolina State University, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p292; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: ORBIT; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.32793
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38998432&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
AU  - Ghosn, Louis J.
AU  - Lerch, Bradley A.
T1  - Application of an Elongated Kelvin Model to Space Shuttle Foams.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 411
EP  - 418
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The space shuttle foams are rigid closed-cell polyurethane foams. The two foams used most extensively on the space shuttle external tank are BX-265 and NCFI24-124. Because of the foaming and rising process, the foam microstructures are elongated in the rise direction. As a result, these two foams exhibit a nonisotropic mechanical behavior. A detailed microstructural characterization of the two foams is presented. Key features of the foam cells are described and the average cell dimensions in the two foams are summarized. Experimental studies are also conducted to measure the room temperature mechanical response of the two foams in the two principal material directions (parallel to the rise and perpendicular to the rise). The measured elastic modulus, proportional limit stress, ultimate tensile strength, and Poisson's ratios are reported. The generalized elongated Kelvin foam model previously developed by the authors is reviewed and the equations which result from this model are summarized. Using the measured microstructural dimensions and the measured stiffness ratio, the foam tensile strength ratio and Poisson's ratios are predicted for both foams and are compared with the experimental data. The predicted tensile strength ratio is in close agreement with the measured strength ratio for both BX-265 and NCFI24-124. The comparison between the predicted Poisson's ratios and the measured values is not as favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - POLYURETHANES
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - POISSON'S ratio
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 38998444; Sullivan, Roy M. 1 Ghosn, Louis J. 1 Lerch, Bradley A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p411; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: POLYURETHANES; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: POISSON'S ratio; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.37555
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38998444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, Karen T.
AU  - Greene, Frank A.
AU  - Kimmel, Roger
AU  - Alba, Christopher
AU  - Johnson, Heath
T1  - Aerothermodynamic Testing and Boundary-Layer Trip Sizing of the HIFiRE Flight 1 Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 473
EP  - 480
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A correction to the article "Aerothermodynamic Testing and Boundary-Layer Trip Sizing of the HIFiRE Flight 1 Vehicle" is presented.
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 38998452; Berger, Karen T. 1 Greene, Frank A. 1 Kimmel, Roger 2 Alba, Christopher 3 Johnson, Heath 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433  3: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p473; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.2514/1.43927
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38998452&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paoli, Roberto
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - Turbulent Condensation of Droplets: Direct Simulation and a Stochastic Model.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 66
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 723
EP  - 740
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The effect of turbulent mixing on droplet condensation is studied via direct numerical simulations of a population of droplets in a periodic box of homogeneous isotropic turbulence. Each droplet is tracked as a fluid particle whose radius grows by condensation of water vapor. Forcing of the small wavenumbers is used to sustain velocity, vapor, and temperature fluctuations. Temperature and vapor fluctuations lead to supersaturation fluctuations, which are responsible for broadening the droplet size distribution in qualitative agreement with in situ measurements. A model for the condensation of a population of cloud droplets in a homogeneous turbulent flow is presented. The model consists of a set of Langevin (stochastic) equations for the droplet area, supersaturation, and temperature surrounding the droplets. These equations yield corresponding ordinary differential equations for various moments and correlations. The statistics predicted by the model, for instance, the droplet area–supersaturation correlation, reproduce the simulations well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION (Meteorology)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - LANGEVIN equations
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - STOCHASTIC models
N1  - Accession Number: 37212716; Paoli, Roberto 1; Email Address: paoli@cerfacs.fr Shariff, Karim 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California, and European Centre for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computation, Toulouse, France  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 66 Issue 3, p723; Subject Term: CONDENSATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: LANGEVIN equations; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC models; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JAS2734.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Oliker, Leonid
AU  - Vetter, Jeffrey
T1  - Revolutionary technologies for acceleration of emerging petascale applications
JO  - Parallel Computing
JF  - Parallel Computing
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 117
EP  - 118
SN  - 01678191
N1  - Accession Number: 36765905; Biswas, Rupak 1; Email Address: rupak.biswas@nasa.gov Oliker, Leonid 2 Vetter, Jeffrey 3; Affiliation:  1: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. Tel.: +1 650 604 4411; fax: +1 650 604 3957.  2: CRD/NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: CSM Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p117; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.parco.2009.01.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36765905&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Ash, Robert L.
T1  - Volume viscosity in fluids with multiple dissipative processes.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 033105
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The variational principle of Hamilton is applied to derive the volume viscosity coefficients of a reacting fluid with multiple dissipative processes. The procedure, as in the case of a single dissipative process, yields two dissipative terms in the Navier–Stokes equation: The first is the traditional volume viscosity term, proportional to the dilatational component of the velocity; the second term is proportional to the material time derivative of the pressure gradient. Each dissipative process is assumed to be independent of the others. In a fluid comprising a single constituent with multiple relaxation processes, the relaxation times of the multiple processes are additive in the respective volume viscosity terms. If the fluid comprises several relaxing constituents (each with a single relaxation process), the relaxation times are again additive but weighted by the mole fractions of the fluid constituents. A generalized equation of state is derived, for which two special cases are considered: The case of “low-entropy production,” where entropy variation is neglected, and that of “high entropy production,” where the progress variables of the internal molecular processes are neglected. Applications include acoustical wave propagation, Stokes flow around a sphere, and the structure and thickness of a normal shock. Finally, it is shown that the analysis presented here resolves several misconceptions concerning the volume viscosity of fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - STOKES equations
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - VISCOELASTICITY
KW  - TRANSITION flow
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 37258801; Zuckerwar, Allan J. 1; Email Address: ajzuckerwar@yahoo.com Ash, Robert L. 2; Email Address: rash@odu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238 Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23508, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p033105; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: STOKES equations; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: VISCOELASTICITY; Subject Term: TRANSITION flow; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3085814
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37258801&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Rodríguez, Alexis P.
AU  - Fink, Wolfgang
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Uceda, Esther R.
AU  - Furfaro, Roberto
AU  - Amils, Ricardo
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Evidence for Amazonian acidic liquid water on Mars—A reinterpretation of MER mission results
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 276
EP  - 287
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Mars Exploration Rover (MER) missions have confirmed aqueous activity on Mars. Here we review the analyses of the field-based MER data, and conclude that some weathering processes in Meridiani Planum and Gusev crater are better explained by late diagenetic water-rock interactions than by early diagenesis only. At Meridiani, the discovery of jarosite by MER-1 Opportunity indicates acidic aqueous activity, evaporation, and desiccation of rock materials. MER-based information, placed into the context of published data, point to local and limited aqueous activity during geologically recent times in Meridiani. Pre-Amazonian environmental changes (including important variations in the near-surface groundwater reservoirs, impact cratering, and global dust storms and other pervasive wind-related erosion) are too extreme for pulverulent jarosite to survive over extended time periods, and therefore we argue instead that jarosite deposits must have formed in a climatically more stable period. Any deposits of pre-existent concretionary jarosite surviving up to the Amazonian would not have reached completion in the highly saline and acidic brines occurring at Meridiani. MER-2 Spirit has also revealed evidence for local and limited Amazonian aqueous environmental conditions in Gusev crater, including chemical weathering leading to goethite and hematite precipitation, rock layering, and chemical enhancement of Cl, S, Br, and oxidized iron in rocks and soils. The estimated relative age of the impact crater materials in Gusev indicates that these processes have taken place during the last 2 billion years. We conclude that minor amounts of shallow acidic liquid water have been present on the surface of Mars at local scales during the Amazonian Period. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - CHEMICAL weathering
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Amazonian
KW  - Gusev crater
KW  - Liquid water
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars Exploration Rovers
KW  - Meridiani Planum
N1  - Accession Number: 36899724; Fairén, Alberto G. 1; Email Address: afairen@arc.nasa.gov Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 2 Rodríguez, Alexis P. 3 Fink, Wolfgang 4 Davila, Alfonso F. 1 Uceda, Esther R. 5 Furfaro, Roberto 6 Amils, Ricardo 7 McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA  3: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  4: California Institute of Technology, Visual and Autonomous Exploration Systems Research Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  7: Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC–INTA). 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p276; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: CHEMICAL weathering; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazonian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gusev crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Exploration Rovers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meridiani Planum; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.11.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36899724&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Catalyzed chemical vapor deposition of one-dimensional nanostructures and their applications
JO  - Progress in Crystal Growth & Characterization of Materials
JF  - Progress in Crystal Growth & Characterization of Materials
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
SN  - 09608974
AB  - Abstract: This article reviews progress in the growth of one-dimensional nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and inorganic nanowires. Catalyzed chemical vapor deposition has been the preferred method to grow these materials for various applications requiring controlled growth on patterned and unpatterned substrates. Both thermal and plasma chemical vapor deposition techniques have been widely used in the case of carbon nanotubes. In addition to the discussion on growth, a review of applications for one-dimensional nanostructures and future directions is provided. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Crystal Growth & Characterization of Materials is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - CATALYSIS
KW  - LOW temperature plasmas
KW  - 81.15.Gh
KW  - A1. Catalyzed growth
KW  - A1. Low temperature plasma
KW  - A1. Nanostructures
KW  - A1. One-dimensional nanomaterials
KW  - A2. Vapor–liquid–solid technique
KW  - A3. Chemical vapor deposition
N1  - Accession Number: 37347567; Meyyappan, M. 1; Email Address: m.meyyappan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 55 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Subject Term: LOW temperature plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: 81.15.Gh; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Catalyzed growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Low temperature plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. One-dimensional nanomaterials; Author-Supplied Keyword: A2. Vapor–liquid–solid technique; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Chemical vapor deposition; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pcrysgrow.2009.01.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37347567&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kurtoglu, Tolga
AU  - Campbell, Matthew
T1  - An evaluation scheme for assessing the worth of automatically generated design alternatives.
JO  - Research in Engineering Design
JF  - Research in Engineering Design
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 76
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09349839
AB  - This paper introduces a tool called the designer preference modeler (DPM) that analyzes the designer’s decision making during concept evaluation, and constructs a designer preference model to be used for evaluation of automatically generated design alternatives. The method is based on establishing an interaction between a designer and a computational synthesis tool during conceptual design. The synthesis software generates design alternatives using a catalog of design knowledge formulated as grammar rules which describe how electromechanical designs are built. DPM carefully selects a set from these alternatives and presents it to the designer for evaluation. The designer’s evaluations are translated into a preference model that is subsequently used to search the solution space for best designs. Application of the method to the design of a consumer product shows DPM’s range of capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Research in Engineering Design is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - DESIGNERS
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL technology
KW  - CONSUMER goods
KW  - Concept generation
KW  - Design automation
KW  - Design selection
N1  - Accession Number: 36638255; Kurtoglu, Tolga 1; Email Address: Tolga.Kurtoglu@nasa.gov Campbell, Matthew 2; Email Address: mc1@mail.utexas.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mission Critical Technologies, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-3 Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: Automated Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78712 USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p59; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: DESIGNERS; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL technology; Subject Term: CONSUMER goods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Concept generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design automation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design selection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 532299 All Other Consumer Goods Rental; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 12 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00163-008-0062-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36638255&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Backman, Dana
AU  - Hoette, Vivian
T1  - Idea Bank.
JO  - Science Teacher
JF  - Science Teacher
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 67
SN  - 00368555
AB  - The article presents information on two educational sources that are designed to allow student who are vision or hearing impaired greater access to astronomy and the physical sciences. The Space Exploration and Experience Project and the Yerkes Astrophysics Academy for Young Scientists, both run out of the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory are intended to increase participation in the 2009 International Year of Astronomy experience among students with vision or hearing disabilities.
KW  - PEOPLE with disabilities -- Education
KW  - ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences -- Study & teaching
KW  - HEARING impaired
KW  - DEAF students
KW  - BLIND -- Education
N1  - Accession Number: 36934924; Backman, Dana 1; Email Address: dbackman@sofia.usra.edu Hoette, Vivian 2; Email Address: vhoette@yerkes.uchicago.edu; Affiliation:  1: Works at the Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California and is employed by the SETI Institute as director of outreach for NASA's SOFIA  2: Director of education and public outreach for the University of Chicago's Yerkes Observatory in Williams Bay, Wisconsin; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p64; Subject Term: PEOPLE with disabilities -- Education; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: HEARING impaired; Subject Term: DEAF students; Subject Term: BLIND -- Education; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swanson, Alan
AU  - Shengli Huang
AU  - Crabtree, Robert
T1  - Using a LIDAR Vegetation Model to Predict UHF SAR Attenuation in Coniferous Forests.
JO  - Sensors (14248220)
JF  - Sensors (14248220)
Y1  - 2009/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1559
EP  - 1573
SN  - 14248220
AB  - Attenuation of radar signals by vegetation can be a problem for target detection and GPS reception, and is an important parameter in models describing vegetation backscatter. Here we first present a model describing the 3D distribution of stem and foliage structure based on small footprint scanning LIDAR data. Secondly we present a model that uses ray-tracing methodology to record detailed interactions between simulated radar beams and vegetation components. These interactions are combined over the SAR aperture and used to predict two-way attenuation of the SAR signal. Accuracy of the model is demonstrated using UHF SAR observations of large trihedral corner reflectors in coniferous forest stands. Our study showed that the model explains between 66% and 81% of the variability in observed attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors (14248220) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - RAY tracing algorithms
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - Attenuation
KW  - Forest
KW  - Lidar
KW  - SAR
N1  - Accession Number: 43937571; Swanson, Alan 1; Email Address: swanson@yellowstoneresearch.org Shengli Huang 1,2; Email Address: huang@yellowstoneresearch.org Crabtree, Robert 1; Email Address: crabtree@yellowstoneresearch.org; Affiliation:  1: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite B, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p1559; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: RAY tracing algorithms; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAR; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/s90301559
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43937571&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frank, Daniel N.
AU  - Wysocki, Annette
AU  - Specht-Glick, Dee Dee
AU  - Rooney, Alejandro
AU  - Feldman, Robert A.
AU  - St. Amand, Allison L.
AU  - Pace, Norman R.
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - Microbial diversity in chronic open wounds.
JO  - Wound Repair & Regeneration
JF  - Wound Repair & Regeneration
Y1  - 2009/03//Mar/Apr2009
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 172
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 10671927
AB  - Chronic wounds expose the dermal matrix and underlying tissue to a diversity of microbes from the body and surrounding environment. We determined the microbial diversity of 19 chronic wounds using both molecular methods (sequence analysis of rRNA genes) and routine clinical culturing methods using swab samples. We identified 93 phylotypes in 2,653 rRNA clone sequences and found that compared with other environments, the microbial diversity of chronic wounds is relatively well characterized, i.e., 95% of sequences have ≥97% identity with known human commensals. In total, 75% of sequences belonged to four well-known wound-associated phylotypes: Staphylococcus (25%), Corynebacterium (20%), Clostridiales (18%), and Pseudomonas (12%). Approximately 0.5% of sequences (seven phylotypes) belonged to potentially new species. Individual wound samples contained four to 22 phylotypes, but in all wounds only a few (one to three) phylotypes were dominant. In more than half the wound specimens, polymerase chain reaction and culturing methods gave different diversity and dominance information about the microbes present. This exploratory study suggests that combining molecular and culturing methods provides a more complete characterization of the microbial diversity of chronic wounds, and can thereby expand our understanding of how microbiology impacts chronic wound pathology and healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Wound Repair & Regeneration is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WOUNDS & injuries -- Microbiology
KW  - MICROBIAL diversity
KW  - STAPHYLOCOCCUS
KW  - CORYNEBACTERIUM
KW  - CLOSTRIDIUM
KW  - PSEUDOMONAS
N1  - Accession Number: 36923014; Frank, Daniel N. 1,2 Wysocki, Annette 3,4 Specht-Glick, Dee Dee 5 Rooney, Alejandro 6 Feldman, Robert A. 7 St. Amand, Allison L. 1 Pace, Norman R. 1 Trent, Jonathan D. 8; Email Address: jtrent@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado  2: Mucosal and Vaccine Research Program, Colorado  3: School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS  4: Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS  5: St. Patrick Hospital Wound Care Center, Missoula, Montana  6: USDA Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, Peoria, Illinois  7: SymBio Corporation, Menlo Park, California  8: Bioengineering Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Mar/Apr2009, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p163; Subject Term: WOUNDS & injuries -- Microbiology; Subject Term: MICROBIAL diversity; Subject Term: STAPHYLOCOCCUS; Subject Term: CORYNEBACTERIUM; Subject Term: CLOSTRIDIUM; Subject Term: PSEUDOMONAS; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2009.00472.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36923014&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF METAL FATIGUE USING NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/03/
VL  - 1096
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 32
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Safe-life and damage-tolerant design philosophies of high performance structures have driven the development of various methods to evaluate nondestructively the accumulation of damage in such structures resulting from cyclic loading. Although many techniques have proven useful, none has been able to provide an unambiguous, quantitative assessment of damage accumulation at each stage of fatigue from the virgin state to fracture. A method based on nonlinear acoustics is shown to provide such a means to assess the state of metal fatigue. The salient features of an analytical model are presented of the microelastic-plastic nonlinearities resulting from the interaction of an acoustic wave with fatigue-generated dislocation substructures and cracks that predictably evolve during the metal fatigue process. The interaction is quantified by the material (acoustic) nonlinearity parameter β extracted from acoustic harmonic generation measurements. The β parameters typically increase monotonically by several hundred percent over the fatigue life of the metal, thus providing a unique measure of the state of fatigue. Application of the model to aluminum alloy 2024-T4 and 410 Cb stainless steel specimens fatigued using different loading conditions yields good agreement between theory and experiment. Application of the model and measurement technique to the on-site inspection of steam turbine blades is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - METALS -- Fatigue
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - TURBINES -- Blades
KW  - HYDRAULIC motors
KW  - TURBOMACHINES
KW  - Dislocation Substructures
KW  - Metal Fatigue
KW  - Microelastic-Plastic Nonlinearity
KW  - Nonlinear Acoustics
N1  - Accession Number: 37043884; Cantrell, John H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 3/3/2009, Vol. 1096 Issue 1, p19; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: TURBINES -- Blades; Subject Term: HYDRAULIC motors; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dislocation Substructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microelastic-Plastic Nonlinearity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear Acoustics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3114205
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37043884&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - ACOUSTIC RECTIFICATION IN DISPERSIVE MEDIA.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/03/
VL  - 1096
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 223
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - It is shown that the shapes of acoustic radiation-induced static strain and displacement pulses (rectified acoustic pulses) are defined locally by the energy density of the generating waveform. Dispersive properties are introduced analytically by assuming that the rectified pulses are functionally dependent on a phase factor that includes both dispersive and nonlinear terms. The dispersion causes an evolutionary change in the shape of the energy density profile that leads to the generation of solitons experimentally observed in fused silica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FUSED silica
KW  - Dispersive Media
KW  - Radiation-Induced Static Pulses
KW  - Solitons
N1  - Accession Number: 37043881; Cantrell, John H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 3/3/2009, Vol. 1096 Issue 1, p217; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FUSED silica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dispersive Media; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation-Induced Static Pulses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solitons; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3114208
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37043881&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Simpson, John
AU  - Hall, George
T1  - EDDY CURRENT SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF CRACKING BENEATH BRAIDING IN CORRUGATED METAL HOSE.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/03/
VL  - 1096
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 371
EP  - 377
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In this paper an eddy current system for the detection of partially-through-the-thickness cracks in corrugated metal hose is presented. Design criteria based upon the geometry and conductivity of the part are developed and applied to the fabrication of a prototype inspection system. Experimental data are used to highlight the capabilities of the system and an image processing technique is presented to improve flaw detection capabilities. A case study for detection of cracking damage in a space shuttle radiator retract flex hoses is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - EDDY current testing
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - RADIATORS
KW  - STEAM heating
KW  - Corrugated Metal Hose
KW  - Eddy Current
KW  - Fatigue Crack
KW  - Flex Hose
KW  - Space Shuttle
N1  - Accession Number: 37043860; Wincheski, Buzz 1 Simpson, John 2 Hall, George 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Hampton, VA 23681  3: George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052; Source Info: 3/3/2009, Vol. 1096 Issue 1, p371; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: EDDY current testing; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: RADIATORS; Subject Term: STEAM heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corrugated Metal Hose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy Current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue Crack; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flex Hose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3114243
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37043860&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Tokars, R. P.
AU  - Martin, R. E.
AU  - Rauser, R. W.
AU  - Aldrin, J. C.
T1  - ULTRASONIC PHASED ARRAY SIMULATIONS OF WELDED COMPONENTS AT NASA.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/03/
VL  - 1096
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1190
EP  - 1197
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Comprehensive and accurate inspections of welded components have become of increasing importance as NASA develops new hardware such as Ares rocket segments for future exploration missions. Simulation and modeling will play an increasing role in the future for nondestructive evaluation in order to better understand the physics of the inspection process, to prove or disprove the feasibility for an inspection method or inspection scenario, for inspection optimization, for better understanding of experimental results, and for assessment of probability of detection. This study presents simulation and experimental results for an ultrasonic phased array inspection of a critical welded structure important for NASA future exploration vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - WELDED steel structures
KW  - FEASIBILITY studies
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Computational Simulation
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Nondestructive Evaluation
KW  - Phased Array
KW  - Ultrasonics
KW  - Weld
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37043999; Roth, D. J. 1 Tokars, R. P. 1 Martin, R. E. 2 Rauser, R. W. 3 Aldrin, J. C. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115  3: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 2368143606  4: Computational Tools, Inc., Gurnee, IL 60031; Source Info: 3/3/2009, Vol. 1096 Issue 1, p1190; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: WELDED steel structures; Subject Term: FEASIBILITY studies; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nondestructive Evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phased Array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrasonics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weld; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 6 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3114090
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37043999&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aldrin, John C.
AU  - Williams, Phillip A.
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
T1  - MODELS IN THE DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF EDDY CURRENT INSPECTION FOR CRACKING IN THE SHUTTLE REACTION CONTROL SYSTEM THRUSTER.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/03/
VL  - 1096
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1862
EP  - 1869
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A case study is presented for using models in eddy current NDE design for crack detection in Shuttle Reaction Control System thruster components. Numerical methods were used to address the complex geometry of the part and perform parametric studies of potential transducer designs. Simulations were found to show agreement with experimental results. Accurate representation of the coherent noise associated with the measurement and part geometry was found to be critical to properly evaluate the best probe designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC testing
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - COLLOID thrusters
KW  - Cracks
KW  - Eddy Current
KW  - Finite Element Method
KW  - Model-Assisted POD
KW  - Volume Element Method
N1  - Accession Number: 37043903; Aldrin, John C. 1 Williams, Phillip A. 2 Wincheski, Buzz 2; Affiliation:  1: Computational Tools, Gurnee, IL 60031, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 3/3/2009, Vol. 1096 Issue 1, p1862; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC testing; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: COLLOID thrusters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy Current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite Element Method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-Assisted POD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volume Element Method; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3114186
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37043903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, P. H.
T1  - ADDRESSING THE LIMIT OF DETECTABILITY OF RESIDUAL OXIDE DISCONTINUITIES IN FRICTION STIR BUTT WELDS OF ALUMINUM USING PHASED ARRAY ULTRASOUND.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/03/
VL  - 1096
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1902
EP  - 1909
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This activity seeks to estimate a theoretical upper bound of detectability for a layer of oxide embedded in a friction stir weld in aluminum. The oxide is theoretically modeled as an ideal planar layer of aluminum oxide, oriented normal to an interrogating ultrasound beam. Experimentally-measured grain scattering level is used to represent the practical noise floor. Echoes from naturally-occurring oxides will necessarily fall below this theoretical limit, and must be above the measurement noise to be potentially detectable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDE electrodes
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Physics)
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - Friction Stir Weld
KW  - Residual Oxide Discontinuity
KW  - Ultrasonic NDE
N1  - Accession Number: 37043898; Johnston, P. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 3/3/2009, Vol. 1096 Issue 1, p1902; Subject Term: OXIDE electrodes; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Physics); Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Friction Stir Weld; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual Oxide Discontinuity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrasonic NDE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3114191
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37043898&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kar, Ayan
AU  - Stroscio, Michael A.
AU  - Dutta, Mitra
AU  - Kumari, Jyoti
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Observation of ultraviolet emission and effect of surface states on the luminescence from tin oxide nanowires.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/03/09/
VL  - 94
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - N.PAG
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Ultraviolet (UV) and orange emissions have been observed from vapor-liquid-solid grown SnO2 nanowires. From the luminescence, the donor and acceptor binding energies have been estimated. The dependence of the orange luminescence on the diameters of tin oxide nanowires has been observed and the wavelength of the UV luminescence is found to depend on the laser power. Both the shift in the UV and the intensity of the orange luminescence is found to be dependent on the surface states of the tin oxide nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - TIN
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 37043741; Kar, Ayan 1 Stroscio, Michael A. 1,2,3 Dutta, Mitra 1,2; Email Address: dutta@ece.uic.edu Kumari, Jyoti 4 Meyyappan, M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607,  2: Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607,  3: Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607,  4: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: 3/9/2009, Vol. 94 Issue 10, pN.PAG; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: TIN; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3097011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37043741&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Xu Liu
AU  - Smith, William L.
T1  - Select Methodology for Validating Advanced Satellite Measurement Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/11/
VL  - 1100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 275
EP  - 278
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global measurements of the Earth’s atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring capability, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns including satellite under-flights with well-calibrated FTS sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of the validation task. This manuscript focuses on an overview of validation methodology developed for assessment of high spectral resolution infrared systems, and includes results of preliminary studies performed to investigate the performance of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) instrument aboard the MetOp-A satellite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC measurements
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - INFRARED detectors
KW  - COMPUTER software -- Validation
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - airborne sensors
KW  - FTIR
KW  - NAST-I
KW  - passive infrared
KW  - satellite systems
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 37044285; Larar, Allen M. 1 Zhou, Daniel K. 1 Xu Liu 1 Smith, William L. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: 3/11/2009, Vol. 1100 Issue 1, p275; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC measurements; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: INFRARED detectors; Subject Term: COMPUTER software -- Validation; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: airborne sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: NAST-I; Author-Supplied Keyword: passive infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3116968
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37044285&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu Liu
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Larar, Allen
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Schluessel, Peter
T1  - Radiative Transfer and Retrieval in EOF Domain.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/11/
VL  - 1100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
EP  - 286
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) is a hyperspectral sensor with 8461 spectral channels. It is computationally intensive to perform radiative transfer calculations and inversions using all these channels. We will present a Principal Component-based Radiative Transfer Model (PCRTM) and a retrieval algorithm, which perform all the necessary calculations in EOF domain. Since the EOFs are orthogonal to each other, only about 100 principal components are needed to represent the information content of the 8461 channels. The PCRTM provides the EOF coefficients and associated derivatives with respect to atmospheric and surface parameters needed by the inversion algorithm. The inversion algorithm is based on a non-linear Levenberg-Marquardt method with climatology covariance and a priori information as constraints. The retrieved parameters include atmospheric temperature, moisture and ozone profiles, cloud parameters, surface skin temperature, and surface emissivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - SURFACES (Physics)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 37044282; Xu Liu 1; Email Address: Xu.Liu-1@nasa.gov Zhou, Daniel K. 1 Larar, Allen 1 Smith, William L. 2 Schluessel, Peter 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS401A, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Hampton University, VA 23668, USA and University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706  3: EUMETSAT, Am Kavalleriesand 31, 64 295 Darmstadt, Germany; Source Info: 3/11/2009, Vol. 1100 Issue 1, p283; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: SURFACES (Physics); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3116971
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37044282&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heck, Patrick W.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Fu-Lung Chang
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
AU  - Arduini, Robert F.
AU  - Sun-Mack, Sunny
T1  - Retrieval of Ice Cloud Properties Using Variable Phase Functions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/11/
VL  - 1100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 384
EP  - 387
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - An enhancement to NASA Langley’s Visible Infrared Solar-infrared Split-window Technique (VISST) is developed to identify and account for situations when errors are induced by using smooth ice crystals. The retrieval scheme incorporates new ice cloud phase functions that utilize hexagonal crystals with roughened surfaces. In some situations, cloud optical depths are reduced, hence, cloud height is increased. Cloud effective particle size also changes with the roughened ice crystal models which results in varied effects on the calculation of ice water path. Once validated and expanded, the new approach will be integrated in the CERES MODIS algorithm and real-time retrievals at Langley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37044255; Heck, Patrick W. 1 Minnis, Patrick 2 Ping Yang 3 Fu-Lung Chang 4 Palikonda, Rabindra 5 Arduini, Robert F. 5 Sun-Mack, Sunny 5; Affiliation:  1: CIMSS, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA  2: Climate Sciences Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA  4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: 3/11/2009, Vol. 1100 Issue 1, p384; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3116998
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37044255&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fan, Alice
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Gupta, Shashi
T1  - Cloud Radiation Heating on the Atmosphere from the Aqua Satellite.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/11/
VL  - 1100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 529
EP  - 532
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Clouds have tremendous effect on the radiation flux at top-of-atmosphere (TOA), surface (SFC), and atmosphere (ATM). This study calculates the difference of ATM radiation heat flux between cloudy and nearby clear sky (cloud ATM heating) over four low cloud and nine high cloud areas. The radiation fluxes used in this study are from the Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) data product of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project. CERES instruments fly onboard the Tropic Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM), Terra, and Aqua satellites since 1997, 2000, and 2002 respectively. They measure the solar-reflected and earth-emitted radiation at TOA and estimate the surface shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation fluxes using cloud and aerosol information from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and climatology parameters. The data used here are from the Aqua satellite for 2003–2005. The statistics results show the similarity of cloud heating (cooling) effects on the atmosphere for the same type of clouds during the same season even when they are over different regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - cloud radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 37044215; Fan, Alice 1 Lin, Bing 2 Gupta, Shashi 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 3/11/2009, Vol. 1100 Issue 1, p529; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud radiation; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3117038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37044215&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
T1  - Validation and Analysis of the Release 3.0 of the NASA GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget Dataset.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/11/
VL  - 1100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 597
EP  - 600
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Release 3.0 of the NASA GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) dataset is described and validated against the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) data, the World Radiation Data Centre (WRDC) data, and the Global Energy Balance Archive (GEBA) data. The validation shows generally good agreement. The EOF analysis of the dataset shows that signals of large scale climate variations, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), can be identified from the GEWEX SRB dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATA libraries
KW  - OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - BSRN
KW  - climate
KW  - ENSO
KW  - EOF
KW  - GEBA
KW  - GEWEX
KW  - radiation
KW  - satellite
KW  - SRB
KW  - WRDC
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37044196; Taiping Zhang 1 Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Cox, Stephen J. 2 Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 936, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 936, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: 3/11/2009, Vol. 1100 Issue 1, p597; Subject Term: DATA libraries; Subject Term: OCEAN-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: BSRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: ENSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: EOF; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEBA; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEWEX; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: SRB; Author-Supplied Keyword: WRDC; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519120 Libraries and Archives; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3117057
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37044196&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Tom X.-P.
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Laszlo, Istvan
AU  - Mi Zhou
T1  - Study of Global Component Aerosol Direct Radiative Effect by Combining Satellite Measurement and Model Simulations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/11/
VL  - 1100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 601
EP  - 604
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The two-step approach of combing CERES/MODIS shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55 μm with the component AOT fractions from the GSFC/GOCART model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed in Zhao et al. [2007] has been extended to over cloud-free land areas for a global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing our ADRE computation with a calculation from a Fu-Liou radiative transfer model for the global AERONET sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed from AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE)
KW  - Aerosol optical thickness (AOT)
N1  - Accession Number: 37044195; Zhao, Tom X.-P. 1,2 Loeb, Norman 3 Laszlo, Istvan 2 Mi Zhou 4; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Climate Study, ESSIC, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20743, USA  2: Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: I. M. System Group, Inc., 3401 Boxhill Place, Kensington, MD 20895, USA; Source Info: 3/11/2009, Vol. 1100 Issue 1, p601; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: OCEAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol optical thickness (AOT); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3117058
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37044195&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shim, Changsub
AU  - Li, Qinbin
AU  - Luo, Ming
AU  - Kulawik, Susan
AU  - Worden, Helen
AU  - Worden, John
AU  - Eldering, Annmarie
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Sachse, Glen
AU  - Weinheimer, Andy
AU  - Knapp, David
AU  - Montzca, Deedee
AU  - Campos, Teresa
T1  - Satellite observations of Mexico City pollution outflow from the Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES)
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2009/03/11/
VL  - 43
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1540
EP  - 1547
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Concurrent tropospheric O3 and CO vertical profiles from the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) during the MILAGRO/INTEX-B aircraft campaigns over the Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) and its surrounding regions were used to examine Mexico City pollution outflow on a regional scale. The pollution outflow from the MCMA occurred predominantly at 600–800hPa as evident in O3, CO, and NO x enhancements in the in situ aircraft observations. TES O3 and CO are sensitive to the MCMA pollution outflow due to their relatively high sensitivities at 600–800hPa. We examined O3, CO, and their correlation at 600–800hPa from TES retrievals, aircraft measurements, and GEOS-Chem model results. TES captures much of the spatial and day-to-day variability of O3 seen in the in situ data. TES CO, however, shows much less spatial and day-to-day variability compared with the in situ observations. The ΔO3/ΔCO slope is significantly higher in the TES data (0.43) than the in situ data (0.28) due partly to the lack of variability in TES CO. Extraordinarily high ΔO3/ΔCO slope (0.81) from TES observations at 618hPa over the Eastern U.S. was previously reported by Zhang et al. [Zhang, L., Jacob, D.J., Bowman, K.W., et al., 2006. Ozone–CO correlations determined by the TES satellite instrument in continental outflow regions. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33, L18804. 10.1029/2006GL026399.]. Thus the application of TES CO–O3 correlation to map continental pollution outflow needs further examination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - URBAN pollution
KW  - POLLUTION -- Research
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - OZONE
KW  - CARBON monoxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - NITROUS oxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - MEXICO City (Mexico) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - MEXICO City (Mexico)
KW  - MEXICO
KW  - INTEX-B
KW  - Mega-city pollution
KW  - Mexico city
KW  - O3–CO correlation
KW  - TES
N1  - Accession Number: 36398653; Shim, Changsub 1; Email Address: cshim@jpl.nasa.gov Li, Qinbin 1,2 Luo, Ming 1 Kulawik, Susan 1 Worden, Helen 3 Worden, John 1 Eldering, Annmarie 1 Diskin, Glenn 4 Sachse, Glen 4 Weinheimer, Andy 3 Knapp, David 3 Montzca, Deedee 3 Campos, Teresa 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), CO, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 43 Issue 8, p1540; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: URBAN pollution; Subject Term: POLLUTION -- Research; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: NITROUS oxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: MEXICO City (Mexico) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: MEXICO City (Mexico); Subject Term: MEXICO; Author-Supplied Keyword: INTEX-B; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mega-city pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mexico city; Author-Supplied Keyword: O3–CO correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: TES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.11.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36398653&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SCOTT C. HERNDON
AU  - WOOD, EZRA C.
AU  - NORTHWAY, MEGAN J.
AU  - MIAKE-LYE, RICHARD
AU  - THORNHILL, LEE
AU  - BEYERSDORF, ANDREAS
AU  - ANDERSON, BRUCE E.
AU  - DOWLIN, RENEE
AU  - DODDS, WILLARD
AU  - KNIGHTON, W. BERK
T1  - Aircraft Hydrocarbon Emissions at Oakland International Airport.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2009/03/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1730
EP  - 1736
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - To help airports improve emission inventory data, speciated hydrocarbon emission indices have been measured from in-use commercial, airfreight and general aviation aircraft at Oakland International Airport. The compounds reported here include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethene, propene, and benzene. At idle, the magnitude of hydrocarbon emission indices was variable and reflected differences in engine technology, actual throttle setting, and ambient temperature. Scaling the measured emission indices to the simultaneously measured formaldehyde (HCHO) emission index eliminated most of the observed variability. This result supports a uniform hydrocarbon emissions profile across engine types when the engine is operating near idle, which can greatly simplify how speciated hydrocarbons are handled in emission inventories. The magnitude of the measured hydrocarbon emission index observed in these measurements (ambient temperature range 12-22 °C) is a factor of 1.5-2.2 times larger than the certification benchmarks. Using estimates of operational fuel flow rates at idle, this analysis suggests that current emission inventories at the temperatures encountered at this airport underestimate hydrocarbon emissions from the idle phase of operation by 16-45%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSION inventories
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Environmental aspects
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - FORMALDEHYDE
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Environmental aspects
KW  - JET planes -- Fuel
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 37132419; SCOTT C. HERNDON 1; Email Address: herndon@aerodyne.com WOOD, EZRA C. 1 NORTHWAY, MEGAN J. 1 MIAKE-LYE, RICHARD 1 THORNHILL, LEE 2 BEYERSDORF, ANDREAS 2 ANDERSON, BRUCE E. 2 DOWLIN, RENEE 3 DODDS, WILLARD 4 KNIGHTON, W. BERK 5; Affiliation:  1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts.  2: NASA Langley Research Center.  3: Port of Portland, Portland, Oregon.  4: General Electric Aviation, Cincinnati, Ohio.  5: Montana State University.; Source Info: 3/15/2009, Vol. 43 Issue 6, p1730; Subject Term: EMISSION inventories; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: FORMALDEHYDE; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: JET planes -- Fuel; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reysenbach, Anna-Louise
AU  - Hamamura, N.
AU  - Podar, M.
AU  - Griffiths, E.
AU  - Ferreira, S.
AU  - Hochstein, R.
AU  - Heidelberg, J.
AU  - Johnson, J.
AU  - Mead, D.
AU  - Pohorille, A.
AU  - Sarmiento, M.
AU  - Schweighofer, K.
AU  - Seshadri, R.
AU  - Voytek, M. A.
T1  - Complete and Draft Genome Sequences of Six Members of the Aquificales.
JO  - Journal of Bacteriology
JF  - Journal of Bacteriology
Y1  - 2009/03/15/
VL  - 191
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1992
EP  - 1993
SN  - 00219193
AB  - The Aquificales are widespread in marine and terrestrial hydrothermal environments. Here, we report the complete and draft genome sequences of six new members of the Aquificales: two marine species, Persephonella marina strain EX-H1 and Hydrogenivirga strain 128-5-R1 (from the East Pacific Rise, 9°50.3′N, 104°17.5′W, and the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, 176°11.5′W, 20°45.8′S, respectively), and four terrestrial isolates, Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense strain Az-Fu1, Sulfurihydrogenibium yellowstonense strain SS-5, and Sulfurihydrogenibium strain Y03AOP1 (from Furnas, Azores, Portugal, and Calcite Springs and Obsidian Pool in Yellowstone National Park, United States, respectively), and the only thermoacidophilic isolate, Hydrogenobaculum strain Y04AAS1 (from a stream adjacent to Obsidian Pool). Significant differences among the different species exist that include nitrogen metabolism, hydrogen utilization, chemotaxis, and signal transduction, providing insights into their ecological niche adaptations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Bacteriology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEOTIDE sequence
KW  - CELLULAR signal transduction
KW  - MICROBIAL genetics
KW  - GENETIC transformation
KW  - MICROBIAL mutation
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 37014768; Reysenbach, Anna-Louise 1; Email Address: reysenbacha@pdx.edu Hamamura, N. 1 Podar, M. 2 Griffiths, E. 3 Ferreira, S. 4 Hochstein, R. 5 Heidelberg, J. 6 Johnson, J. 4 Mead, D. 7 Pohorille, A. 8 Sarmiento, M. 4 Schweighofer, K. 9 Seshadri, R. 10 Voytek, M. A. 11; Affiliation:  1: Biology Department, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201  2: Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, One Bethel Valley Road, P.O. Box 2008, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6164  3: Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada  4: J. Craig Venter Institute, 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850  5: Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59715  6: Department of Biological Sciences, Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Southern California, P.O. Box 5069, Avalon, California 90704-5069  7: Lucigen Corp., 2120 W. Greenview Dr., Middleton, Wisconsin 53562  8: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94025  9: Affymetrix Corporation, 3420 Central Expressway, Santa Clara, California 95051  10: Synthetic Genomics, Inc., 11149 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037  11: U.S. Geological Survey, 430 National Center, Reston, Virginia 20192; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 191 Issue 6, p1992; Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDE sequence; Subject Term: CELLULAR signal transduction; Subject Term: MICROBIAL genetics; Subject Term: GENETIC transformation; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mutation; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/JB.01645-08
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carnell, Lisa S.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Wincheski, Russell A.
AU  - Holloway, Nancy M.
AU  - Clark, Robert L.
T1  - Electric field effects on fiber alignment using an auxiliary electrode during electrospinning
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2009/03/15/
VL  - 60
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 361
SN  - 13596462
AB  - Control of electrospun fiber placement and distribution was investigated by examining the effect of electric field parameters on the electrospinning of fibers. The experimental set-up used in this study eliminated the bending instability and whipping, allowing the jet to be modeled as a stable trajectory. Coupling of experimental and computational results suggests the potential for predicting aligned fiber distribution in electrospun mats. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYESTER fibers
KW  - ELECTROSPINNING
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ENGINEERING models
KW  - FLEXURE
KW  - Electrospinning
KW  - Fibers
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Polymer processing
KW  - Theory
N1  - Accession Number: 36300918; Carnell, Lisa S. 1; Email Address: lisa.a.scottcarnell@nasa.gov Siochi, Emilie J. 1 Wincheski, Russell A. 2 Holloway, Nancy M. 3 Clark, Robert L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 226, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Fabrication Technology Development Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 60 Issue 6, p359; Subject Term: POLYESTER fibers; Subject Term: ELECTROSPINNING; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ENGINEERING models; Subject Term: FLEXURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrospinning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313110 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2008.09.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elston, Levi J.
AU  - Yerkes, Kirk L.
AU  - Thomas, Scott K.
AU  - McQuillen, John
T1  - Qualitative Evaluation of a Liquid-Vapor Separator Concept in Micro-Gravity Conditions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/03/16/
VL  - 1103
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 13
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - An innovative liquid-vapor separator design has been incorporated into a spray cooling experiment, which was flown recently on the NASA C-9 reduced gravity aircraft. This design is the latest in a series of designs that have been flown in microgravity and elevated gravity in relation to an experimental investigation into spray cooling performance with regard to possible application to high-performance aircraft undergoing combat maneuvers. Initially, significant problems occurred during flight testing due to the inability of the reservoir to separate the liquid coolant from the vapor under microgravity conditions, which resulted in a loss of coolant to the simulated electronic device that was being spray cooled. Improvements in the design of the liquid-vapor separator are described in this paper, and experimental data showing the performance of several generations of liquid-vapor separators are presented. The final separator design went through more rigorous evaluation to compare performance at multiple fill levels, each with a higher percentage of vapor space within the reservoir. It was found that, using the final reservoir design, stable flow operation was achieved in micro-gravity for mass flowrates of m = 14, 17.5, and 21 [g/s]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - Liquid-Vapor Separator
KW  - Micro-Gravity Fluid Physics
KW  - Phase Separator
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37044422; Elston, Levi J. 1; Email Address: levi.elston@us.af.mil Yerkes, Kirk L. 1 Thomas, Scott K. 2 McQuillen, John 3; Affiliation:  1: US Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433  2: Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 3/16/2009, Vol. 1103 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid-Vapor Separator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micro-Gravity Fluid Physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase Separator; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3115546
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loh, Ching Y.
AU  - Jorgenson, Philip C.E.
T1  - Multi-dimensional dissipation for cure of pathological behaviors of upwind scheme
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2009/03/20/
VL  - 228
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1343
EP  - 1346
SN  - 00219991
KW  - Compressible flow
KW  - Multi-dimensional dissipation
KW  - Pathological behaviors
KW  - Upwind finite volume scheme
N1  - Accession Number: 36249330; Loh, Ching Y.; Email Address: Ching.Y.Loh@grc.nasa.gov Jorgenson, Philip C.E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 228 Issue 5, p1343; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressible flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-dimensional dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pathological behaviors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upwind finite volume scheme; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.10.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chato, David J.
T1  - Phase field modeling of liquid jets in low gravity
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2009/03/20/
VL  - 228
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1521
EP  - 1540
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: An axisymmetric phase field model is developed and used to model surface tension forces on liquid jets in microgravity. The previous work in this area is reviewed and a baseline drop tower experiment selected for model comparison. The model is solved numerically with a compact fourth order stencil on an equally spaced axisymmetric grid. After grid convergence studies, a grid is selected and all drop tower tests modeled. Agreement was assessed by comparing predicted and measured free surface rise. Trend wise agreement is good but agreement in magnitude is only fair. Suspected sources of disagreement are the simple turbulence model and the existence of slosh baffles in the experiment that were not included in the model. Parametric investigation was conducted to study the influence of key parameters on the geysers formed by jets in microgravity. Investigation of the contact angle showed the expected trend of increasing contact angle increasing geyser height. Investigation of the tank radius showed some interesting effects and demonstrated the zone of free surface deformation is quite large. Variation of the surface tension with a laminar jet showed clearly the evolution of free surface shape with Weber number. A breakthrough Weber number of 1 was predicted by the variation of the surface tension model which is close to the experimentally measured Weber number of 1.5 found in prior experimental work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - MEASUREMENT-model comparison
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - DEFORMATION of surfaces
KW  - WEBER functions
KW  - Incompressible flow
KW  - Liquid jets
KW  - Low gravity
KW  - Surface tension
N1  - Accession Number: 36249342; Chato, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Chato@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Mail Stop 301-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 228 Issue 5, p1521; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT-model comparison; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: DEFORMATION of surfaces; Subject Term: WEBER functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Incompressible flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid jets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface tension; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.10.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dean M.  Tigelaar
AU  - Allyson E.  Palker
AU  - Christine M.  Jackson
AU  - Kellina M.  Anderson
AU  - Jesse  Wainright
AU  - Robert F.  Savinell
T1  - Synthesis and Properties of Novel Proton-Conducting Aromatic Poly(ether sulfone)s That Contain Triazine Groups.
JO  - Macromolecules
JF  - Macromolecules
Y1  - 2009/03/24/
VL  - 42
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1888
EP  - 1896
SN  - 00249297
AB  - A series of novel fully aromatic poly(arylene ether sulfone)s that contain 1,3,5-s-triazine groups were synthesized by the reaction of triazine-containing bisphenols with bis(4-fluorophenylsulfone) to study the effects of branching groups on solubility as well as thermal and mechanical properties. Polymers had inherent viscosities from 0.43 to 1.10 dL/g, thermal stabilities >500 °C in air, glass transition temperatures from 136 to 289 °C, and good film forming abilities. The polymer with pendant diphenylamine groups on the triazine ring were further investigated for use in proton exchange membranes based on solubility, thermo-oxidative stability, and ease of monomer synthesis. A series of copolymers made from 4,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N,N-diphenyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-amine and 4,4′-biphenol were sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid to achieve ion exchange capacities up to 2.62 mmol/g. The homopolymer was sulfonated exclusively on the diphenylamine branch and had the highest proton conductivity (0.11 S/cm at 95 °C and 100% relative humidity), even though it had the lowest water uptake and ion exchange capacity. Unsulfonated polymers and sulfonated copolymers showed little uptake of phosphoric acid. However, the sulfonated homopolymer with pendant diphenylamine groups had a 200−250 wt % uptake when soaked in 85% H3PO4at 90 °C, but the proton conductivity of this polymer was lower than the hydrated polymer without H3PO4added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Macromolecules is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDUCTING polymers
KW  - SULFONES
KW  - ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry)
KW  - TRIAZINES
KW  - BISPHENOL A
KW  - SOLUBILITY
KW  - POLYMERS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - POLYMERS -- Thermal properties
N1  - Accession Number: 44636638; Dean M.  Tigelaar 1 Allyson E.  Palker 1 Christine M.  Jackson 1 Kellina M.  Anderson 1 Jesse  Wainright 1 Robert F.  Savinell 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Source Info: Mar2009, Vol. 42 Issue 6, p1888; Subject Term: CONDUCTING polymers; Subject Term: SULFONES; Subject Term: ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry); Subject Term: TRIAZINES; Subject Term: BISPHENOL A; Subject Term: SOLUBILITY; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Thermal properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watkins, A. Neal
AU  - Buck, Gregory M.
AU  - Leighty, Bradley D.
AU  - Lipford, William E.
AU  - Oglesby, Donald M.
T1  - Using Pressure- and Temperature-Sensitive Paint on the Aftbody of a Capsule Vehicle.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 821
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Pressure-sensitive and temperature-sensitive paint were used to visualize and quantify the surface interactions of reaction control system jets on the aftbody of capsule reentry vehicle shapes. The first model tested was an Apollo-like configuration and was used to focus primarily on the effects of the forward facing roll and yaw jets. The second model tested was an early Orion crew module configuration blowing only out of its forward-most yaw jet, which was expected to have the most intense aerodynamic heating augmentation on the model surface. This paper will present the results from the experiments, which show that with proper system design, both pressure-sensitive and temperature-sensitive paint are effective tools for studying these types of interaction in hypersonic testing environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PAINT -- Research
KW  - PRESSURE-sensitive paint
KW  - HEAT resistant paint
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite re-entry
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
N1  - Accession Number: 37355952; Watkins, A. Neal 1 Buck, Gregory M. 2 Leighty, Bradley D. 3 Lipford, William E. 3 Oglesby, Donald M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Technologist, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, Mail Stop 493, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  2: Aerospace Technologist, Aerothermodynamics Branch, Mail Stop 408A, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  3: Engineering Technician, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, Mail Stop 493, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.  4: Research Chemist, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 493, ATK Aerospace Company, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p821; Subject Term: PAINT -- Research; Subject Term: PRESSURE-sensitive paint; Subject Term: HEAT resistant paint; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite re-entry; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444120 Paint and Wallpaper Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424950 Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mielke, Amy F.
AU  - Elam, Kristie A.
AU  - Chih-Jen Sung
T1  - Multiproperty Measurements at High Sampling Rates Using Rayleigh Scattering.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 850
EP  - 850
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A molecular Rayleigh scattering technique is developed to measure gas velocity, temperature, and density in unseeded gas flows at sampling rates up to 32 kHz. A high-power continuous-wave laser beam is focused at a point in an air flowfield, and Rayleigh scattered light is collected and fiber-optically transmitted to a Fabry-Perot interferometer for spectral analysis. Photomultiplier tubes operated in the photon-counting mode allow highfrequency sampling of the total signal level and the circular interference pattern to provide density, temperature, and velocity measurements. Mean and root-mean-square fluctuation measurements in both an electrically heated jet facility with a 10-mm-diam nozzle and in a hydrogen-combustor-heated-jet facility with a 50.8-mm-diam nozzle at NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field are presented. Measurements are compared with hot-wire anemometry, cold-wire thermometry, and temporally resolved particle image velocimetry to validate the Rayleigh technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - SAMPLING (Process)
KW  - GAS research
KW  - SPEED
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - DENSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 37355955; Mielke, Amy F. 1 Elam, Kristie A. 2 Chih-Jen Sung 3; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, Optical Instrumentation and Nondestructive Evaluation Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 77-1, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  2: Optics Technician, Jacobs Sverdrup, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  3: Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p850; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: SAMPLING (Process); Subject Term: GAS research; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: DENSITY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Spalart, Philippe R.
T1  - Turbulence Model Behavior in Low Reynolds Number Regions of Aerodynamic Flowfields.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 982
EP  - 982
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The behaviors of the widely used Spalart-Allmaras and Menter shear-stress transport turbulence models at low Reynolds numbers and under conditions conducive to relaminarization are documented. The flows used in the investigation include 2-D zero-pressure-gradient flow over a flat plate from subsonic to hypersonic Mach numbers, 2- D airfoil flow from subsonic to supersonic Mach numbers, 2-D subsonic sink flow, and 3-D subsonic flow over an infinite swept wing (particularly its leading-edge region). Both models exhibit a range over which they behave "transitionally" even with inflow values set to cause immediate growth of the turbulence quantities, in the sense that the flow is neither laminar nor fully turbulent, but these behaviors are different: the shear-stress transport model typically has a well-defined transition location, whereas the Spalart-Allmaras model does not. Both models are predisposed to delayed activation of turbulence with increasing freestream Mach number. Also, both models can be made to achieve earlier activation of turbulence by increasing their freestream levels, but too high a level can disturb the turbulent solution behavior. The technique of maintaining freestream levels of turbulence without decay in the shear-stress transport model, introduced elsewhere, is shown here to be useful in reducing grid dependence of the model's transitional behavior. Both models are demonstrated to be incapable of predicting relaminarization; eddy viscosities remain weakly turbulent in accelerating or laterally strained boundary layers for which experiment and direct simulations indicate turbulence suppression. The main conclusion is that these models are intended for fully turbulent high Reynolds number computations, and using them for transitional (e.g., low Reynolds number) or relaminarizing flows is not appropriate. Competing models which fare better in these areas have not been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - FLOW meters
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 37355968; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1 Spalart, Philippe R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Computational Aerosciences Branch, Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199.  2: Boeing Senior Technical Fellow, Mail Stop 67-LM, Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Seattle, Washington 98124.; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p982; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: FLOW meters; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: MACH number; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blum, Jodi Switzer
AU  - Han, Sukkyun
AU  - Lanoil, Brian
AU  - Saltikov, Chad
AU  - Witte, Brian
AU  - Tabita, F. Robert
AU  - Langley, Sean
AU  - Beveridge, Terry J.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda
AU  - Oremland, Ronald S.
T1  - Ecophysiology of "Halarsenatibacter silvermanii" Strain SLAS-1T, gen. nov., sp. nov., a Facultative Chemoautotrophic Arsenate Respirer from Salt-Saturated Searles Lake, California.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 75
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1950
EP  - 1960
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Searles Lake occupies a closed basin harboring salt-saturated, alkaline brines that have exceptionally high concentrations of arsenic oxyanions. Strain SLAS-1T was previously isolated from Searles Lake (R. S. Orem. land, T. R. KuIp, J. Switzer Blum, S. E. Hoeft, S. Baesman, L. G. Miller, and J. F. Stolz, Science 308:1305-1308, 2005). We now describe this extremophile with regard to its substrate affinities, its unusual mode of motility, sequenced arrABD gene cluster, cell envelope lipids, and its phylogenetic alignment within the order Halanaero- bacteriales, assigning it the name "Halarsenatibacter silvermanii" strain SLAS-1T. We also report on the substrate dynamics of an anaerobic enrichment culture obtained from Seárles Lake that grows under condi- tions of salt saturation and whose members include a novel sulfate reducer of the order Desulfovibriales, the archaeon Halorhabdus utahensis, as well as a close homolog of strain SLAS-1T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC bacteria
KW  - ARSENATES
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - BACTERIAL ecology
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 38510189; Blum, Jodi Switzer 1 Han, Sukkyun 2 Lanoil, Brian 3 Saltikov, Chad 4 Witte, Brian 5 Tabita, F. Robert 5 Langley, Sean 6 Beveridge, Terry J. 7 Jahnke, Linda 8 Oremland, Ronald S. 1; Email Address: roremlan@usgs.gov; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California 94025  2: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 925212  3: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada  4: Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064  5: Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210  6: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontano K1N 6N5, Canada  7: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 75 Issue 7, p1950; Subject Term: ECOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: CHEMOAUTOTROPHIC bacteria; Subject Term: ARSENATES; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: BACTERIAL ecology; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02614-08
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dillon, Jesse G.
AU  - Miller, Scott
AU  - Bebout, Brad
AU  - Hullar, Meredith
AU  - Pinel, Nicolás
AU  - Stahl, David A.
T1  - Spatial and temporal variability in a stratified hypersaline microbial mat community.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 68
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 58
SN  - 01686496
AB  - Hypersaline microbial mat communities have recently been shown to be more diverse than once thought. The variability in community composition of hypersaline mats, both in terms of spatial and temporal dimensions, is still poorly understood. Because this information is essential to understanding the complex biotic and abiotic interactions within these communities, terminal restriction fragment analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to characterize the near-surface community of a hypersaline microbial mat in Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Core samples were analyzed to assay community variability over large regional scales (centimeter to kilometer) and to track depth-related changes in population distribution at 250-μm intervals over a diel period. Significant changes in total species diversity were observed at increasing distances across the mat surface; however, key species (e.g. Microcoleus sp.) were identified throughout the mat. The vertical position and abundance of >50% of the 60 peaks detected varied dramatically over a diel cycle, including Beggiatoa sp., cyanobacteria, Chloroflexus sp., Halochromatium sp., Bacteroidetes sp. and several as-yet-identified bacteria. Many of these migrations correlated strongly with diel changes in redox conditions within the mat, contributing to strong day–night community structure differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - RESTRICTION fragment length polymorphisms
KW  - CELL migration
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - BAJA California Sur (Mexico)
KW  - MEXICO
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - Guerrero Negro
KW  - hypersaline
KW  - microbial mat
KW  - migration
KW  - T-RFLP
N1  - Accession Number: 36816743; Dillon, Jesse G. 1; Email Address: jdillon@csulb.edu Miller, Scott 2 Bebout, Brad 3 Hullar, Meredith 4 Pinel, Nicolás 1 Stahl, David A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Microbiology & NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA  2: Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 68 Issue 1, p46; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: RESTRICTION fragment length polymorphisms; Subject Term: CELL migration; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: BAJA California Sur (Mexico); Subject Term: MEXICO; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guerrero Negro; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypersaline; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial mat; Author-Supplied Keyword: migration; Author-Supplied Keyword: T-RFLP; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2009.00647.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36816743&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, K.E.
AU  - Toon, O.B.
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
AU  - Mellon, M.T.
T1  - Ancient melting of mid-latitude snowpacks on Mars as a water source for gullies
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 200
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 418
EP  - 425
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We hypothesize that during past epochs of high obliquity seasonal snowfields at mid-latitudes melted to produce springtime sediment-rich surface flows resulting in gully formation. Significant seasonal mid-latitude snowfall does not occur on Mars today. General Circulation Model (GCM) results, however, suggest that under past climate conditions there may have been centimeters of seasonal mid-latitude snowfall [Mischna, M.A., Richardson, M.I., Wilson, R.J., McCleese, D.J., 2003. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002051. 5062]. Gully locations have been tabulated by several researchers (e.g. [Heldmann, J.L., Mellon, M.T., 2004. Icarus 168, 285–304; Heldmann, J.L., Carlsson, E., Johansson, H., Mellon, M.T., Toon, O.B., 2007. Icarus 188, 324–344; Malin, M.C., Edgett, K.S., 2000. Science 288, 2330–2335]) and found to correspond to mid-latitude bands. A natural question is whether the latitudinal bands where the gullies are located correspond to areas where the ancient snowfalls may have melted, producing runoff which may have incised gullies. In this study we model thin snowpacks with thicknesses similar to those predicted by [Mischna, M.A., Richardson, M.I., Wilson, R.J., McCleese, D.J., 2003. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002051. 5062]. We model these snowpacks under past climate regimes in order to determine whether snowmelt runoff could have occurred, and whether significant amounts of warm soil () existed on both poleward and equatorward slopes in the regions where gullies exist. Both warm soil and water amounts are modeled because soil and water may have mixed to form a sediment-rich flow. We begin by applying the snowpack model of Williams et al. [Williams, K.E., Toon, O.B., Heldmann, J.E., Mellon, M., 2008. Icarus 196, 565–577] to past climate regimes characterized by obliquities of 35° (600 ka before present) and 45° (5.5 ma before present), and to all latitudes between 70° N and 70° S. We find that the regions containing significant snowmelt runoff correspond to the regions identified by Heldmann and Mellon [Heldmann, J.L., Mellon, M.T., 2004. Icarus 168, 285–304], Heldmann et al. [Heldmann, J.L., Carlsson, E., Johansson, H., Mellon, M.T., Toon, O.B., 2007. Icarus 188, 324–344] and Malin and Edgett [Malin, M.C., Edgett, K.S., 2000. Science 288, 2330–2335] as containing large numbers of gullies. We find that the snowmelt runoff (>1 mm, with equivalent rainfall rates of 0.25 mm/h) and warm soil (>1 cm depth) would have occurred on slopes within the gullied latitudinal bands. The snowfall amounts modeled are predicted to be seasonal [Mischna, M.A., Richardson, M.I., Wilson, R.J., McCleese, D.J., 2003. J. Geophys. Res. Planets 108, doi:10.1029/2003JE002051. 5062], and our modeling finds that under the previous climate regimes there would have been meltwater present on the slopes in question for brief periods of time, on the order of days, each year. Our model provides a simple explanation for the latitudinal distribution of the gullies, and also suggests that the gullies date to times when water migrated away from the present poles to the mid-latitudes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE mechanics
KW  - FUSION (Phase transformation)
KW  - ARROYOS
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Seasons
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Ices
KW  - surface ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 36967883; Williams, K.E. 1,2; Email Address: kaj.e.williams@nasa.gov Toon, O.B. 1 Heldmann, J.L. 3 Mellon, M.T. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA  2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, UCB 392, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Mail Stop 245, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 200 Issue 2, p418; Subject Term: ICE mechanics; Subject Term: FUSION (Phase transformation); Subject Term: ARROYOS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Seasons; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Mars ); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kennedy, Timothy F.
AU  - Fink, Patrick W.
AU  - Chu, Andrew W.
AU  - Champagne II, Nathan J.
AU  - Lin, Gregory Y.
AU  - Khayat, Michael A.
T1  - Body-Worn E-Textile Antennas: The Good, the Low-Mass, and the Conformal.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 910
EP  - 918
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Support of ever increasing applications for wireless data and communications on a body-centric platform requires novel antenna systems that can be integrated with the body-worn environment, while maintaining free-range of movement and minimal mass impact. E-textile antennas show great promise due to their ease of integration with other textile materials, and they are inherently low-mass and flexible relative to conventional antenna materials. Much attention has been given recently to multiple-antenna communication systems due to the increased performance compared to conventional single-antenna systems. For body-centric applications, the low-mass, flexibility, and integration simplicity of e-textile antennas can enable multiple-antenna systems, which otherwise would be precluded by the rigidity and mass of conventional antenna materials. Several examples of this are considered here with e-textile antennas in an array environment. A conventional microstrip array constructed with e-textiles is shown to have robust performance with moderate amounts of bending, similar to that which might be seen with body-worn arrays. In addition to the conventional array, a wide-band multiple-antenna system to support a variety of wireless communication protocols, while maintaining polarization diversity and excellent coverage over a majority of the radian sphere is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - TEXTILE industry
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves
KW  - INDUCED polarization
KW  - Antenna arrays
KW  - beamforming
KW  - conformal antennas
KW  - diversity methods
KW  - e-textile antennas
N1  - Accession Number: 39060520; Kennedy, Timothy F. 1; Email Address: timothy.f.kennedy@nasa.gov Fink, Patrick W. 1 Chu, Andrew W. 1 Champagne II, Nathan J. 1 Lin, Gregory Y. 1 Khayat, Michael A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, TX 77058 USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 57 Issue 4, p910; Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: TEXTILE industry; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: INDUCED polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: beamforming; Author-Supplied Keyword: conformal antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: diversity methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: e-textile antennas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424310 Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414130 Piece goods, notions and other dry goods merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2014602
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolff, Ran
AU  - Bhaduri, Kanishka
AU  - Kargupta, Hillol
T1  - A Generic Local Algorithm for Mining Data Streams in Large Distributed Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 465
EP  - 478
SN  - 10414347
AB  - In a large network of computers or wireless sensors, each of the components (henceforth, peers) has some data about the global state of the system. Much of the system's functionality such as message routing, information retrieval, and load sharing relies on modeling the global state. We refer to the outcome of the function (e.g., the load experienced by each peer) as the model of the system. Since the state of the system is constantly changing, it is necessary to keep the models up to date. Computing global data mining models, e.g., decision trees, κ-means clustering in large distributed systems may be very costly due to the scale of the system and due to communication cost, which may be high. The cost further increases in a dynamic scenario when the data changes rapidly. In this paper, we describe a two-step approach for dealing with these costs. First, we describe a highly efficient local algorithm that can be used to monitor a wide class of data mining models. Then, we use this algorithm as a feedback loop for the monitoring of complex functions of the data such as its κ-means clustering. The theoretical claims are corroborated with a thorough experimental analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NETWORK computers
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Distributed data mining
KW  - local algorithms
KW  - peer-to-peer
N1  - Accession Number: 37146026; Wolff, Ran 1; Email Address: rwolff@mis.haifa.il Bhaduri, Kanishka 2; Email Address: kbhaduri@mail.arc.nasa.gov Kargupta, Hillol 3,4; Email Address: hillol@cs.umbc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Management Information Systems, Haifa University, Haifa-31905, Israel  2: Mission Critical Technologies Inc., IDU Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250  4: AGNIK LLC, Columbia, MD 21045; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p465; Subject Term: NETWORK computers; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed data mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: local algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: peer-to-peer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TKDE.2008.169
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37146026&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Wickens, Christopher D.
T1  - Preface.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2009/04//Apr-Jun2009
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 104
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - A preface for the "International Journal of Aviation Psychology" is presented.
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - AVIATION psychology
N1  - Accession Number: 37265301; Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 1; Email Address: awrence.J.Prinzel@nasa.gov Wickens, Christopher D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Alion Science and Technology, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: Apr-Jun2009, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p99; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: AVIATION psychology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410902766069
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37265301&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alexander, Amy L.
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Wickens, Christopher D.
AU  - Kramer, Lynda J.
AU  - Arthur, Jarvis J.
AU  - Bailey, Randall E.
T1  - Evaluating the Effects of Dimensionality in Advanced Avionic Display Concepts for Synthetic Vision Systems.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2009/04//Apr-Jun2009
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 130
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Synthetic vision systems provide an in-cockpit view of terrain and other hazards via a computer-generated display representation. Two simulator-based experiments examined several display concepts for synthetic vision and evaluated how such displays modulate pilot performance. Experiment 1 (24 general aviation pilots) compared 3 navigational display (ND) concepts: 2D coplanar, 3D, and dual-perspective. Experiment 2 (12 commercial airline pilots) evaluated baseline “blue sky-brown ground” or synthetic-vision-enabled primary flight displays (PFDs) and 3 ND concepts: 2D coplanar with and without synthetic vision and a dynamic multimode rotatable exocentric format. In general, the results pointed to an overall advantage for a dual-perspective format, whether it be stand-alone (Experiment 1) or available via rotatable viewpoints (Experiment 2). Furthermore, Experiment 2 revealed benefits associated with utilizing synthetic vision in both the PFD and ND representations and the value of combined ego- and exocentric presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIMENSIONS
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments -- Display systems
KW  - INFORMATION display systems
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AVIONICS
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
N1  - Accession Number: 37265300; Alexander, Amy L. 1; Email Address: aalexander@aptima.com Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 2 Wickens, Christopher D. 3 Kramer, Lynda J. 2 Arthur, Jarvis J. 2 Bailey, Randall E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aptima, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Alion Science and Technology, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: Apr-Jun2009, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p105; Subject Term: DIMENSIONS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments -- Display systems; Subject Term: INFORMATION display systems; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AVIONICS; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410902766192
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37265300&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kramer, Lynda J.
AU  - Bailey, Randall E.
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
T1  - Commercial Flight Crew Decision Making During Low-Visibility Approach Operations Using Fused Synthetic and Enhanced Vision Systems.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2009/04//Apr-Jun2009
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 157
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - The use of an enhanced vision (EV) system in civil aircraft is projected to increase rapidly as the Federal Aviation Administration recently changed the aircraft operating rules under Part 91, revising the flight visibility requirements for conducting operations to civil airports. Operators conducting straight-in instrument approach procedures may now operate below the published approach minimums when using an approval EV system that shows the required visual references on the pilot's Head-Up Display (HUD). An experiment was conducted to evaluate the complementary use of synthetic vision (SV) and EV technologies, focusing on new techniques for integration and/or fusion of synthetic and enhanced vision technologies under the newly adopted FAA rules. The current paper describes a fixed-based simulation experiment that evaluated several display concepts located on the pilot-flying HUD and pilot-not-flying auxiliary display. Results specific to flight crew response, during non-normal events and below minimum visibility, using the fused synthetic/enhanced vision system are discussed here. The results demonstrated that the integrated SV/EV display did not adversely impact detection of lateral navigational solution errors on runway incursions. Additionally, flight crews were able to effectively use existing EV system procedures in their decision-making but found the visual transition from an excellent EV image to natural vision by 100 ft height above touchdown to be awkward. Finally, the addition of scene-linked symbology significantly enhanced flight crew go-around decision-making and reduced the number of illegal landings during approaches in which the required visual references to continue the landing were unavailable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics -- Employees
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
KW  - AIRPORTS -- Visibility
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments -- Display systems
KW  - HEAD-up displays
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 37265299; Kramer, Lynda J. 1; Email Address: lynda.j.kramer@nasa.gov Bailey, Randall E. 1 Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Apr-Jun2009, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p131; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics -- Employees; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Subject Term: AIRPORTS -- Visibility; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments -- Display systems; Subject Term: HEAD-up displays; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410902766440
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37265299&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arthur III, Jarvis J.
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Shelton, Kevin J.
AU  - Kramer, Lynda J.
AU  - Williams, Steven P.
AU  - Bailey, Randall E.
AU  - Norman, Robert M.
T1  - Synthetic Vision Enhanced Surface Operations With Head-Worn Display for Commercial Aircraft.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2009/04//Apr-Jun2009
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 181
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Efficiency and safety of airport surface operations can be enhanced by using synthetic vision and associated technologies, employed on a head-up display (HUD) combined with a head-down display electronic moving map. Past research has noted that 2 major limitations of HUDs during ground operations were its monochrome form and its limited, fixed field of regard. These limitations can be overcome with the use of a head-worn display (HWD). This article describes the results of a simulation experiment that showed that a fully integrated HWD concept provided significantly improved path performance compared to using paper charts alone. When comparing the HWD and HUD concepts, there were no differences found for path performance or subjective ratings of workload and marginally significant differences found for reported situation awareness and pilot comments of perceived system safety. Implications and directions for future research are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAD-up displays
KW  - SYSTEM safety
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - AERONAUTICAL charts
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - MANAGEMENT
N1  - Accession Number: 37265298; Arthur III, Jarvis J. 1; Email Address: Trey.arthur@nasa.gov Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 1 Shelton, Kevin J. 1 Kramer, Lynda J. 1 Williams, Steven P. 1 Bailey, Randall E. 1 Norman, Robert M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Apr-Jun2009, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p158; Subject Term: HEAD-up displays; Subject Term: SYSTEM safety; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL charts; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410902766507
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37265298&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
AU  - Swanson, R. C.
T1  - Turbulence modelling for active flow control applications.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2009/04//Apr/May2009
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 317
EP  - 326
SN  - 10618562
AB  - Steady and unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) computations are commonly performed for active flow control applications. This article reviews several recent results, and describes both numerics and physics-related issues. Specific turbulence modelling needs are pointed out that must be addressed in order for RANS to remain competitive with eddy-resolving simulations for flow control applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - STOKES equations
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - circulation control
KW  - flow control
KW  - separated flow
KW  - synthetic jet
KW  - turbulence modelling
KW  - unsteady flow
N1  - Accession Number: 39567175; Rumsey, C. L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov Swanson, R. C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Apr/May2009, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p317; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: STOKES equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: circulation control; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow control; Author-Supplied Keyword: separated flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: synthetic jet; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: unsteady flow; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618560902776794
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39567175&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, Amjad A.
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
AU  - Dib, Nihad
AU  - Shubair, Raed
T1  - Cylindrical CPW-fed and CPS-fed slot antennas.
JO  - International Journal of Electronics
JF  - International Journal of Electronics
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 96
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 397
EP  - 407
SN  - 00207217
AB  - Cylindrical antennas are needed in applications which require mounting on curved surfaces. This article presents two new designs of antennas printed on cylindrical substrates. The first antenna is a dual frequency coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed double folded slot antenna operating at 5 and 7 GHz. This antenna is matched to the feed line without external matching circuitry and exhibits a gain of about 3.2 dBi. It has a bidirectional pattern in the E-plane and a more omnidirectional pattern in the H-plane. The second antenna is a coplanar strips (CPS)-fed folded slot antenna operating at 7 GHz. Its gain is about 2.56 dBi. The experimental and numerical results are provided for the return loss and radiation patterns with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Electronics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - RADIO technology -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - ADAPTIVE antennas
KW  - antennas
KW  - CAD
KW  - electromagnetic analysis
KW  - frequency analysis
KW  - microwave
N1  - Accession Number: 37154761; Omar, Amjad A. 1; Email Address: aomar@yu.edu.jo Scardelletti, Maximilian C. 2 Dib, Nihad 3 Shubair, Raed 4; Affiliation:  1: Hijjawi Faculty of Engineering Technology, Department of Communications Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan  4: Communications Engineering Department, Khalifa University of Science, Technology and Research, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 96 Issue 4, p397; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: RADIO technology -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAD; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443143 Appliance, television and other electronics stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207210802654455
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37154761&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vasavada, S.
AU  - Sun, X.
AU  - Ishii, M.
AU  - Duval, W.
T1  - Benchmarking of the one-dimensional one-group interfacial area transport equation for reduced-gravity bubbly flows
JO  - International Journal of Multiphase Flow
JF  - International Journal of Multiphase Flow
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 334
SN  - 03019322
AB  - Abstract: In order to properly design and safely operate two-phase flow systems, especially those deployed on future space missions, it is necessary to have accurate predictive capabilities. The application of a novel predictive method, the interfacial area transport equation (IATE), to dynamically predict the change of interfacial area concentration for reduced-gravity two-phase flows is described in this paper. Fluid particle interaction mechanisms such as coalescence and breakup that are present in reduced-gravity two-phase flows have been studied experimentally as reported in a previous paper by the current authors [Vasavada et al., 2007]. These mechanisms represent the source and sink terms in the IATE and their mechanistic models are benchmarked using experimental data obtained in a 25mm inner diameter ground-based test section wherein reduced-gravity conditions were simulated. The comparison of the predictions from the model against experimental data shows good agreement. It has been found that, in contrast to the hypothesis extended in the literature, the wake entrainment based coalescence mechanism is present in reduced-gravity two-phase flows and in some cases is more important than coalescence due to random collision. Physics based arguments are extended to support this conclusion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Multiphase Flow is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUBBLES
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - DIFFERENTIABLE dynamical systems
KW  - Coalescence
KW  - Disintegration
KW  - Interfacial area
KW  - Liquid-liquid flow
KW  - Reduced gravity
KW  - Two-phase flow
N1  - Accession Number: 37161658; Vasavada, S. 1; Email Address: sxv@eri-world.com Sun, X. 2; Email Address: sun.200@osu.edu Ishii, M. 1; Email Address: ishii@purdue.edu Duval, W. 3; Email Address: Walter.M.Duval@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, 400 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, 201 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  3: Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p323; Subject Term: BUBBLES; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIABLE dynamical systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coalescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disintegration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial area; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid-liquid flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-phase flow; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2009.01.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37161658&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liao, Liang
AU  - Meneghini, Robert
T1  - Validation of TRMM Precipitation Radar through Comparison of Its Multiyear Measurements with Ground-Based Radar.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 804
EP  - 817
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - A procedure to accurately resample spaceborne and ground-based radar data is described and then is applied to the measurements taken from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) and the ground-based Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D or WSR) for the validation of the PR measurements and estimates. Through comparisons with the well-calibrated, nonattenuated WSR at Melbourne, Florida, for the period 1998–2007, the calibration of the PR aboard the TRMM satellite is checked using measurements near the storm top. Analysis of the results indicates that the PR, after taking into account differences in radar reflectivity factors between the PR and WSR, has a small positive bias of 0.8 dB relative to the WSR, implying a soundness of the PR calibration in view of the uncertainties involved in the comparisons. Comparisons between the PR and WSR reflectivities are also made near the surface for evaluation of the attenuation-correction procedures used in the PR algorithms. It is found that the PR attenuation is accurately corrected in stratiform rain but is underestimated in convective rain, particularly in heavy rain. Tests of the PR estimates of rainfall rate are conducted through comparisons in the overlap area between the TRMM overpass and WSR scan. Analyses of the data are made both on a conditional basis, in which the instantaneous rain rates are compared only at those pixels at which both the PR and WSR detect rain, and an unconditional basis, in which the area-averaged rain rates are estimated independently for the PR and WSR. Results of the conditional rain comparisons show that the PR-derived rain is about 9% greater and 19% less than the WSR estimates for stratiform and convective storms, respectively. Overall, the PR tends to underestimate the conditional mean rain rate by 8% for all rain categories, a finding that conforms to the results of the area-averaged rain (unconditional) comparisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology) -- Measurement
KW  - STORMS
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 38812184; Liao, Liang 1; Email Address: liang.liao-1@nasa.gov Meneghini, Robert 2; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Sciences & Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Greenbelt, Maryland  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p804; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology) -- Measurement; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nehrir, Amin R.
AU  - Repasky, Kevin S.
AU  - Carlsten, John L.
AU  - Obland, Michael D.
AU  - Shaw, Joseph A.
T1  - Water Vapor Profiling Using a Widely Tunable, Amplified Diode-Laser-Based Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL).
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 733
EP  - 745
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument for automated profiling of water vapor in the lower troposphere has been designed, tested, and is in routine operation at Montana State University. The laser transmitter for the DIAL instrument uses a widely tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL) to injection seed two cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) to produce a laser transmitter that accesses the 824–841-nm spectral range. The DIAL receiver utilizes a 28-cm-diameter Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope; an avalanche photodiode (APD) detector; and a narrowband optical filter to collect, discriminate, and measure the scattered light. A technique of correcting for the wavelength-dependent incident angle upon the narrowband optical filter as a function of range has been developed to allow accurate water vapor profiles to be measured down to 225 m above the surface. Data comparisons using the DIAL instrument and collocated radiosonde measurements are presented demonstrating the capabilities of the DIAL instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - LASER transitions
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - LASERS
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - DETECTION alarms
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - RADIOSONDES
N1  - Accession Number: 38812169; Nehrir, Amin R. 1 Repasky, Kevin S. 1; Email Address: repasky@ece.montana.edu Carlsten, John L. 2 Obland, Michael D. 2,3 Shaw, Joseph A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana  2: Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana  3: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p733; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: LASER transitions; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: DETECTION alarms; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: RADIOSONDES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JTECHA1201.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38812169&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, Leslie
AU  - Waagen, Alex
AU  - Aijaz, Nabeela
AU  - Hurley, Michael
AU  - Luis, Apolonio
AU  - Rinsky, Joel
AU  - Satyavolu, Chandrika
AU  - Way, Michael J.
AU  - Gazis, Paul
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok
T1  - Stable and Efficient Gaussian Process Calculations.
JO  - Journal of Machine Learning Research
JF  - Journal of Machine Learning Research
Y1  - 2009/04//4/1/2009
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 857
EP  - 882
SN  - 15324435
AB  - The use of Gaussian processes can be an effective approach to prediction in a supervised learning environment. For large data sets, the standard Gaussian process approach requires solving very large systems of linear equations and approximations are required for the calculations to be practical. We will focus on the subset of regressors approximation technique. We will demonstrate that there can be numerical instabilities in a well known implementation of the technique. We discuss alternate implementations that have better numerical stability properties and can lead to better predictions. Our results will be illustrated by looking at an application involving prediction of galaxy redshift from broadband spectrum data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Machine Learning Research is the property of Microtome Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - SUPERVISED learning (Machine learning)
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - Gaussian processes
KW  - low rank approximations
KW  - numerical stability
KW  - photometric redshift
KW  - subset of regressors method
N1  - Accession Number: 58617880; Foster, Leslie 1; Email Address: FOSTER@MATH.SJSU.EDU Waagen, Alex 1; Email Address: AWAAGEN@MAILBOLT.COM Aijaz, Nabeela 1; Email Address: NABBOA@YAHOO.COM Hurley, Michael 1; Email Address: MHURLEY@GMAIL.COM Luis, Apolonio 1; Email Address: JPOLOROLU@GMAIL.COM Rinsky, Joel 1; Email Address: JOELRINSKY@YAHOO.COM Satyavolu, Chandrika 1; Email Address: CHANDRIKAS84@YAHOO.COM Way, Michael J. 2; Email Address: M ICHAEL.J.WAY@NASA.GOV Gazis, Paul 3; Email Address: PGAZIS@MAIL.ARC.NASA.GOV Srivastava, Ashok 3; Email Address: ASHOK@EMAIL.ARC.NASA.GOV; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, 10025, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, MS 269-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/1/2009, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p857; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: SUPERVISED learning (Machine learning); Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: low rank approximations; Author-Supplied Keyword: numerical stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: photometric redshift; Author-Supplied Keyword: subset of regressors method; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramé, Enrique
AU  - Weislogel, Mark M.
T1  - Gravity effects on capillary flows in sharp corners.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 042106
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - We analyze the effect of gravity on capillary flows in sharp corners. We consider gravity perpendicular and parallel to the channel axis. We analyze both steady and unsteady flows. In the steady analysis the main result is a closed form expression for the flow rate as a function of the two gravity components. Good agreement with steady experiments is offered as support of the model. The unsteady analysis is restricted to “small” values of the two gravity parameters and is accomplished using a similarity formulation. The similarity coefficients of the gravity corrections are fully determined by the coefficients of the gravityless problem. The main result of the unsteady analysis is the gravity corrections to the flow rate (or rate of advance) of the liquid in the channel. In addition, we obtain corrections for the liquid height as a function of position and time. We address in detail unsteady problems with select boundary conditions that are representative of typical flow types. In Appendix A we present a new exact solution to one of the gravityless similarity cases, which is analogous to a nonlinear heat conduction equation. In Appendix B we offer dimensional formulas for all the unsteady flow results, which are valuable for systems design and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - TRANSITION flow
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 38611455; Ramé, Enrique 1 Weislogel, Mark M. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research in Fluids and Combustion, c/o NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 110-3, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p042106; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: TRANSITION flow; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3109685
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mancini, R. C.
AU  - Bailey, J. E.
AU  - Hawley, J. F.
AU  - Kallman, T.
AU  - Witthoeft, M.
AU  - Rose, S. J.
AU  - Takabe, H.
T1  - Accretion disk dynamics, photoionized plasmas, and stellar opacities.
JO  - Physics of Plasmas
JF  - Physics of Plasmas
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 041001
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 1070664X
AB  - We present a brief review on the atomic kinetics, modeling and interpretation of astrophysical observations, and laboratory astrophysics experiments. The emphasis is on benchmarking of opacity calculations relevant for solar structure models, photoionized plasmas research, the magnetohydrodynamic numerical simulation of accretion disk dynamics, and a connection between radiation transport effects and plasma source geometry details. Specific cases of application are discussed with relevance to recent and proposed laboratory astrophysics experiments as well as Chandra and X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission Newton observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Plasmas is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - PLASMA astrophysics
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC instabilities
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 38611520; Mancini, R. C. 1 Bailey, J. E. 2 Hawley, J. F. 3 Kallman, T. 4 Witthoeft, M. 4 Rose, S. J. 5 Takabe, H. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA  2: Pulse Power Science Center, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87545, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA  4: Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  5: Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2BZ, United Kingdom  6: Institute of Laser Engineering, University of Osaka, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p041001; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: PLASMA astrophysics; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC instabilities; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3101819
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Engines for the 21st century.
JO  - Physics Today
JF  - Physics Today
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Letter
SP  - 10
EP  - 10
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00319228
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Research Needs for Future Internal Combustion Engines," by Dawn Manley, Andrew McIlroy and Craig Taatjes in the November 2008 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - INTERNAL combustion engines
N1  - Accession Number: 38028196; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.a.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p10; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: INTERNAL combustion engines; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336310 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Letter; Full Text Word Count: 327
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Rachel T.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Montgomery, Douglas C.
AU  - Cutler, Andrew D.
AU  - Danehy, Paul M.
AU  - Rhew, Ray D.
T1  - Design strategies for response surface models for the study of supersonic combustion.
JO  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
JF  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 365
EP  - 377
SN  - 07488017
AB  - An application of a classical design approach to an experiment involving the study of supersonic combustion is described in this paper. The case study described is that of an experiment whose objective is to create response surfaces of the mean and variance of several flow parameters as a function of location within a supersonic jet flow field. The approach demonstrated in this paper involves the use of a classic response surface methodology design in a unique manner. Additionally a unique application involving the sub-sampling and replication strategies is developed in a similar manner to those of robust parameter design. The sub-sampling and replication techniques allow for the ability to systematically account for the precision in mean and variance models of the output response variables. The final design prescribed met the experimental objectives of the project by creating the ability to fit response surfaces and allowing for the experimenters to understand the relative precision of their estimates based on the final sub-sampling and replication techniques. Results from one section of the region of interest are used to illustrate two different modeling approaches. The performance of both modeling approaches in prediction of new data is illustrated. The conclusions also include a discussion of the future work that will follow. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality & Reliability Engineering International is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - design of experiments
KW  - replication
KW  - response surface methodology
KW  - robust parameter design
KW  - sub-sampling
N1  - Accession Number: 36925195; Johnson, Rachel T. 1; Email Address: rachel.t.johnson@asu.edu Parker, Peter A. 2 Montgomery, Douglas C. 1 Cutler, Andrew D. 3 Danehy, Paul M. 2 Rhew, Ray D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Industrial Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, U.S.A.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.  3: The George Washington University, Newport News, VA 23602, U.S.A.; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p365; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: design of experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: replication; Author-Supplied Keyword: response surface methodology; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust parameter design; Author-Supplied Keyword: sub-sampling; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qre.983
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gotsis, P.K.
AU  - Chamis, C.C.
AU  - David, K.
AU  - Abdi, F.
T1  - Progressive fracture of laminated composite stiffened plate
JO  - Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2009/04//
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 147
SN  - 01678442
AB  - Abstract: Laminated fiber-reinforced composite stiffened plate with [0/90/±45]S plies made of S-Glass/epoxy are evaluated via computational simulation to study damage and fracture progression. The loads are pressure and temperature which varies from 21 to 65.5°C (case I) and from 143.3 to 21°C (case II). An integrated computer code is used for the simulation of the damage progression. Results show that damage initiation begins at low load level, with matrix cracking at the 0° (bottom and top) plies, fiber fracture at the bottom (0°) ply and interply delamination at the top (0°) ply. Increasing the applied pressure, the damage growth is expended resulting in fracture through the thickness of the structure. At this stage, 90% of the plies damage at applied pressure 15.306MPa for the case I and 15.036MPa for the case II. After this stage, the cracks propagate rapidly and the structure collapses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Applied Fracture Mechanics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Composites
KW  - Degradation
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Laminates
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Stiffened panel
N1  - Accession Number: 40631393; Gotsis, P.K. 1; Email Address: pkgotsis@teiser.gr Chamis, C.C. 2; Email Address: Christos.C.Chamis@grc.nasa.gov David, K. 1; Email Address: david@teiser.gr Abdi, F. 3; Email Address: fabdi@alphastarcorp.com; Affiliation:  1: Technological Educational Institute, Terma Magnisias, Serres 62120, Greece  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Alpha STAR Corporation, 5199 East Pacific Coast Highway, Suite 410, Long Beach, CA 90804, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p144; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stiffened panel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tafmec.2009.04.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bo Pan
AU  - Yuan Li
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - A 60-GHz CPW~Fed High-Gain and Broadband Integrated Horn Antenna.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2009/04/02/Apr2009 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1050
EP  - 1056
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - An integrated horn antenna is presented for 60-GHz WPAN applications. Compared with other types of antenna for 60-GHz WPAN applications, an integrated horn antenna features wide bandwidth and high gain. This integrated H-plane horn is elevated on the top of the substrate using CMOS-compatible microfabrication steps. Antenna efficiency is greatly improved after eliminating dielectric loss. This antenna is excited using an integrated vertical current probe connected with a coplanar-wave-guide (CPW) by surface micromachining technologies. The lower part of the horn is constructed by rows of metallized pillars. The upper part and the top wall are built by stacking two layers of micromachined silicon wafers. The horn bottom is formed by metalizing the substrate's top surface. A prototype antenna is designed, fabricated, and characterized. Simulation and measurement results have shown wide input matching bandwidth and radiation bandwidth. The measured radiation pattern agrees well with the simulated one, demonstrating a gain as high as 14.6 dBi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HORN antennas
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - DIELECTRIC loss
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR wafers
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - ELECTRIC networks
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - Co planar waveguide
KW  - integrated horn
KW  - microma- chining
KW  - millimeter wave
KW  - V-band
N1  - Accession Number: 39148115; Bo Pan 1; Email Address: bo.pan@ieee.org Yuan Li 2 Ponchak, George E. 3 Papapolymerou, John; Email Address: papapol@ece.gatech.edu Tentzeris, Manos M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA  2: GEDC, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Apr2009 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 57 Issue 4, p1050; Subject Term: HORN antennas; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC loss; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR wafers; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: ELECTRIC networks; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Co planar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: integrated horn; Author-Supplied Keyword: microma- chining; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: V-band; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2015815
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
T1  - Enrichment of the amino acid ∟-isovaline by aqueous alteration on Cl and CM meteorite parent bodies.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2009/04/07/
VL  - 106
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 5487
EP  - 5492
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The distribution and enantiomeric composition of the 5-carbon (C5) amino acids found in CI-, CM-, and CR-type carbonaceous meteorites were investigated by using liquid chromatography fluorescence detection/TOF-MS coupled with o-phthaldialdehyde/N-acetyl-l-cysteine derivatization. A large l-enantiomeric excess (ee) of the a-methyl amino acid isovaline was found in the CM meteorite Murchison (∟ee = 18.5 ± 2.6%) and the CI meteorite Orgueil (∟ee = 15.2 ± 4.0%). The measured value for Murchison is the largest enantiomeric excess in any meteorite reported to date, and the Orgueil measurement of an isovaline excess has not been reported previously for this or any CI meteorite. The ∟-isovaline enrichments in these two carbonaceous meteorites cannot be the result of interference from other C5 amino acid isomers present in the samples, analytical biases, or terrestrial amino acid contamination. We observed no ∟-isovaline enrichment for the most primitive unaltered Antarctic CR meteorites EET 92042 and QUE 99177. These results are inconsistent with UV circularly polarized light as the primary mechanism for ∟-isovaline enrichment and indicate that amplification of a small initial isovaline asymmetry in Murchison and Orgueil occurred during an extended aqueous alteration phase on the meteorite parent bodies. The large asymmetry in isovaline and other α-dialkyl amino acids found in altered CI and CM meteorites suggests that amino acids delivered by asteroids, comets, and their fragments would have biased the Earth's prebiotic organic inventory with left-handed molecules before the origin of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - ORGANIC acids
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - LIQUID chromatography
KW  - carbonaceous chondrite
KW  - enantiomeric excess
KW  - homochirality
KW  - origin of life
N1  - Accession Number: 38699553; Glavin, Daniel P. 1; Email Address: daniel.p.glavin@nasa.gov Dworkin, Jason P. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771; Source Info: 4/7/2009, Vol. 106 Issue 14, p5487; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: ORGANIC acids; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbonaceous chondrite; Author-Supplied Keyword: enantiomeric excess; Author-Supplied Keyword: homochirality; Author-Supplied Keyword: origin of life; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0811618106
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, G. E.
AU  - Scardelletti, M. C.
AU  - Jordan, J. L.
T1  - 270°C, 1 GHz oscillator-type active antenna.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2009/04/09/
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 386
EP  - 387
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 00135194
AB  - Reported is the first demonstration of an active antenna operating at 1 GHz and at temperatures above 200°C. A Clapp oscillator integrated with a slot-ring antenna generated and transmitted a 1 GHz signal from 25 to 270°C. The oscillation frequency varied by less than 4% over the temperature range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - RADIO lines
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - TRANSISTOR oscillators
KW  - METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors
N1  - Accession Number: 37381136; Ponchak, G. E. 1; Email Address: george.ponchak@ieee.org Scardelletti, M. C. 1 Jordan, J. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA; Source Info: 4/9/2009, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p386; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: RADIO lines; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: TRANSISTOR oscillators; Subject Term: METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2009.0615
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Konhauser, Kurt O.
AU  - Pecoits, Ernesto
AU  - Lalonde, Stefan V.
AU  - Papineau, Dominic
AU  - Nisbet, Euan G.
AU  - Barley, Mark E.
AU  - Arndt, Nicholas T.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Kamber, Balz S.
T1  - Oceanic nickel depletion and a methanogen famine before the Great Oxidation Event.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/04/09/
VL  - 458
IS  - 7239
M3  - Letter
SP  - 750
EP  - 753
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - It has been suggested that a decrease in atmospheric methane levels triggered the progressive rise of atmospheric oxygen, the so-called Great Oxidation Event, about 2.4 Gyr ago. Oxidative weathering of terrestrial sulphides, increased oceanic sulphate, and the ecological success of sulphate-reducing microorganisms over methanogens has been proposed as a possible cause for the methane collapse, but this explanation is difficult to reconcile with the rock record. Banded iron formations preserve a history of Precambrian oceanic elemental abundance and can provide insights into our understanding of early microbial life and its influence on the evolution of the Earth system. Here we report a decline in the molar nickel to iron ratio recorded in banded iron formations about 2.7 Gyr ago, which we attribute to a reduced flux of nickel to the oceans, a consequence of cooling upper-mantle temperatures and decreased eruption of nickel-rich ultramafic rocks at the time. We measured nickel partition coefficients between simulated Precambrian sea water and diverse iron hydroxides, and subsequently determined that dissolved nickel concentrations may have reached ∼400 nM throughout much of the Archaean eon, but dropped below ∼200 nM by 2.5 Gyr ago and to modern day values (∼9 nM) by ∼550 Myr ago. Nickel is a key metal cofactor in several enzymes of methanogens and we propose that its decline would have stifled their activity in the ancient oceans and disrupted the supply of biogenic methane. A decline in biogenic methane production therefore could have occurred before increasing environmental oxygenation and not necessarily be related to it. The enzymatic reliance of methanogens on a diminishing supply of volcanic nickel links mantle evolution to the redox state of the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - METHANOGENS
N1  - Accession Number: 37380603; Konhauser, Kurt O. 1 Pecoits, Ernesto 1 Lalonde, Stefan V. 1 Papineau, Dominic 2 Nisbet, Euan G. 3 Barley, Mark E. 4 Arndt, Nicholas T. 5 Zahnle, Kevin 6 Kamber, Balz S. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E3, Canada  2: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington DC 20015, USA  3: Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK  4: School of Earth and Environment, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia  5: Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaîne Alpines, Maison de Géosciences, Université Joseph Fourier, 1381 rue de la piscine, Grenoble 38041, France  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  7: Department of Earth Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Source Info: 4/9/2009, Vol. 458 Issue 7239, p750; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: METHANOGENS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature07858
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37380603&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lovell, Conrad S.
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
AU  - Kim, Jae-Woo
AU  - Lillehei, Peter T.
AU  - Harrison, Joycelyn S.
AU  - Park, Cheol
T1  - Thermodynamic approach to enhanced dispersion and physical properties in a carbon nanotube/polypeptide nanocomposite
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2009/04/09/
VL  - 50
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1925
EP  - 1932
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: A high molecular weight synthetic polypeptide has been designed which exhibits favorable interactions with single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). The enthalpic and entropic penalties of mixing between these two molecules are reduced due to the polypeptide''s aromatic sidechains and helical secondary structure, respectively. These enhanced interactions result in a well dispersed SWCNT/Poly (l-Leucine-ran-l-Phenylalanine) nanocomposite with enhanced mechanical and electrical properties using only shear mixing and sonication. At 0.5wt% loading of SWCNT filler, the nanocomposite exhibits simultaneous increases in the Young''s modulus, failure strain, and toughness of 8%, 120%, and 144%, respectively. At 1kHz, the same nanotube loading level also enhances the dielectric constant from 2.95 to 22.81, while increasing the conductivity by four orders of magnitude. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - POLYPEPTIDES
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Electric properties
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Copolypeptide
KW  - Nanotube/polymer interactions
KW  - Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT)
N1  - Accession Number: 37230258; Lovell, Conrad S. 1,2 Wise, Kristopher E. 2,3 Kim, Jae-Woo 2 Lillehei, Peter T. 3 Harrison, Joycelyn S. 3 Park, Cheol 2,4; Email Address: cheol.park-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  3: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, 6 W. Taylor Street, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 50 Issue 8, p1925; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: POLYPEPTIDES; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Electric properties; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copolypeptide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanotube/polymer interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37230258&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bamsey, M.
AU  - Berinstain, A.
AU  - Auclair, S.
AU  - Battler, M.
AU  - Binsted, K.
AU  - Bywaters, K.
AU  - Harris, J.
AU  - Kobrick, R.
AU  - McKay, C.
T1  - Four-month Moon and Mars crew water utilization study conducted at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station, Devon Island, Nunavut
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/04/15/
VL  - 43
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1256
EP  - 1274
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: A categorized water usage study was undertaken at the Flashline Mars Arctic Research Station on Devon Island, Nunavut in the High Canadian Arctic. This study was conducted as part of a long duration four-month Mars mission simulation during the summer of 2007. The study determined that the crew of seven averaged 82.07L/day over the expedition (standard deviation 22.58L/day). The study also incorporated a Mars Time Study phase which determined that an average of 12.12L/sol of water was required for each crewmember. Drinking, food preparation, hand/face, oral, dish wash, clothes wash, shower, shaving, cleaning, engineering, science, plant growth and medical water were each individually monitored throughout the detailed study phases. It was determined that implementing the monitoring program itself resulted in an approximate water savings of 1.5L/day per crewmember. The seven person crew averaged 202 distinct water draws a day (standard deviation 34) with high water use periods focusing around meal times. No statistically significant correlation was established between total water use and EVA or exercise duration. Study results suggest that current crew water utilization estimates for long duration planetary surface stays are more than two times greater than that required. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER use
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - MOON
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - DEVON Island (Nunavut)
KW  - NUNAVUT
KW  - Moon/Mars exploration
KW  - Space analogue studies
KW  - Space life support
KW  - Water utilization
N1  - Accession Number: 37231737; Bamsey, M. 1; Email Address: mbamsey@uoguelph.ca Berinstain, A. 1,2 Auclair, S. 3 Battler, M. 3 Binsted, K. 4 Bywaters, K. 5 Harris, J. 6 Kobrick, R. 7 McKay, C. 8; Affiliation:  1: University of Guelph, Department of Environmental Biology, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ont., Canada N1G 2W1  2: Canadian Space Agency, Space Science, 6767 route de l’aeroport, Longueuil, Que., Canada J3Y 8Y9  3: University of Western Ontario, Department of Earth Sciences, London, Ont., Canada N6A 5B7  4: University of Hawaii, UH-NASA Astrobiology Institute, Information and Computer Sciences Department, Honolulu, HI 96744, USA  5: California State University San Marcos, 333 S. Twin Oaks Valley Rd., San Marcos, CA 92096, USA  6: Austin Community College, Department of Computer Information Systems, 11928 Stonehollow Dr., Austin, TX 78724, USA  7: University of Colorado at Boulder, Aerospace Engineering Sciences Department, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 43 Issue 8, p1256; Subject Term: WATER use; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: DEVON Island (Nunavut); Subject Term: NUNAVUT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon/Mars exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space analogue studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space life support; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water utilization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.01.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37231737&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sundaresan, Alamelu
AU  - Pellis, Neal R.
T1  - Cellular and Genetic Adaptation in Low-gravity Environments.
JO  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Y1  - 2009/04/15/
VL  - 1161
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 146
SN  - 00778923
AB  - Genetic response suites in human lymphocytes in response to microgravity are important to identify and study further to augment physiological adaptation to new milieus. Human peripheral blood from normal donors was used to isolate peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Blood traverses through most organs and hence is a suitable overall physiological predictor. The cells were cultured in 1 g (T flask) and modeled microgravity for 24 and 72 h. Cell samples were collected and subjected to gene array analysis. Data were collected and subjected to a two-way analysis of variance. Different groups of genes related to the immune response, cardiovascular system, and stress response were then analyzed. These three groups focused on human adaptation to new environments. Many molecules related to T cell activation and second messengers, located both in the cell membrane and cytoplasm, were significantly altered (positive or negative regulation) in modeled microgravity. Cardiovascular biomarker expression and stress response gene expression also presented an aberrant response in analog microgravity. Previous findings in our laboratory showed lymphocyte activation and locomotion to be significantly suppressed in microgravity. Further analysis at the protein levels of genes involved in these responses could lead to development of prophylactic and countermeasure steps to augment human physiology for long-term space travel. Detailed results from the genetic analyses are presented in this study, including differential responses in stress response genes, cardiovascular and atherogenic genes, and T cell activation genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONONUCLEOSIS
KW  - IMMUNE response
KW  - LYMPHOCYTES
KW  - CELL membranes
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR system
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - acute coronary syndrome
KW  - copy ribonucleic acid
KW  - microgravity
KW  - microgravity analog culture system
KW  - modeled microgravity
KW  - placental growth factor
KW  - RNA
KW  - T cell activation
KW  - three-dimensional cell growth
KW  - threedimensional cell growth
KW  - vascular endothelial growth factor
N1  - Accession Number: 37815219; Sundaresan, Alamelu 1; Email Address: sundaresana@tsu.edu Pellis, Neal R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 1161, p135; Subject Term: MONONUCLEOSIS; Subject Term: IMMUNE response; Subject Term: LYMPHOCYTES; Subject Term: CELL membranes; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR system; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: acute coronary syndrome; Author-Supplied Keyword: copy ribonucleic acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity analog culture system; Author-Supplied Keyword: modeled microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: placental growth factor; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: T cell activation; Author-Supplied Keyword: three-dimensional cell growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: threedimensional cell growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: vascular endothelial growth factor; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04085.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37815219&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gatewood, Anne G.
AU  - Liebman, Kelly A.
AU  - Vourc'h, Gwenaël
AU  - Bunikis, Jonas
AU  - Hamer, Sarah A.
AU  - Cortinas, Roberto
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Cislo, Paul
AU  - Kitron, Uriel
AU  - Tsao, Jean
AU  - Barbour, Alan G.
AU  - Fish, Durland
AU  - Diuk-Wasser, Maria A.
T1  - Climate and Tick Seasonality Are Predictors of Borrelia burgdorferi Genotype Distribution.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/04/15/
VL  - 75
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2476
EP  - 2483
SN  - 00992240
AB  - The blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, is of significant public health importance as a vector of Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme borreliosis. The timing of seasonal activity of each immature I. scapularis life stage relative to the next is critical for the mainteyance of B. burgdorferi because larvae must feed after an infected nymph to efficiently acquire the infection from reservoir hosts. Recent studies have shown that some strains of B. burgdorferi do not persist in the primary reservoir host for more than a few weeks, thereby shortening the window of opportunity between nymphal and larval feeding that sustains their enzootic maintenance. We tested the hypothesis that climate is predictive of geographic variation in the seasonal activity of I. scapularis, which in turn differentially influen9es the distribution of B. burgdorferi genotypes within the geographic range of L scapularis. We analyzed the relationships between climate, seasonal activity of I. scapularis, and B. burgdorferi genotype frequency in 30 geographically diverse sites in the northeastern and midwestern United States. We found that the magnitude of the difference between summer and winter daily temperature maximums was positively correlated with the degree of seasonal synchrony of the two immature stages of I. scapularis. Genotyping revealed an enjlchment of 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism sequence type 1 strains relative to others at sites with lower seasonal synchrony. We conclude that climate-associated variability in the timing of I. scapularis host seeking contributes to geographic heterogeneities in the frequencies of B. burgdorferi genotypes, with potential consequences for Lyme borreliosis morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORRELIA burgdorferi
KW  - IXODES scapularis
KW  - LYME disease
KW  - LARVAE
KW  - GENETIC polymorphisms
KW  - HETEROGENEITY
KW  - GENOTYPE-environment interaction
N1  - Accession Number: 39882984; Gatewood, Anne G. 1 Liebman, Kelly A. 1 Vourc'h, Gwenaël 2 Bunikis, Jonas 3 Hamer, Sarah A. 4 Cortinas, Roberto 5 Melton, Forrest 6,7 Cislo, Paul 1 Kitron, Uriel 8 Tsao, Jean 4,9 Barbour, Alan G. 3 Fish, Durland 1 Diuk-Wasser, Maria A. 1; Email Address: maria.diuk@yale.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA  2: National Institute for Agricultural Research, UR346 Animal Epidemiology, F-63122 Saint Genes Champanelle, France  3: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, lrvine, 3046 Hewitt Hall, lrvine, California 92697, USA  4: Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA  5: Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, 12BA Entomology Hall, East Campus, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA  6: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, California 93955, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  8: Department of Environmental Studies, Emory University, 400 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA  9: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 75 Issue 8, p2476; Subject Term: BORRELIA burgdorferi; Subject Term: IXODES scapularis; Subject Term: LYME disease; Subject Term: LARVAE; Subject Term: GENETIC polymorphisms; Subject Term: HETEROGENEITY; Subject Term: GENOTYPE-environment interaction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02633-08
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39882984&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schafer, J.
AU  - Lyons, W.
AU  - Tong, W. G.
AU  - Danehy, P. M.
T1  - Kinetic temperature and electron density measurement in an inductively coupled plasma torch using degenerate four-wave mixing.
JO  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
JF  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
Y1  - 2009/04/15/
VL  - 95
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 168
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09462171
AB  - Laser wave mixing is presented as an effective technique for spatially resolved kinetic temperature measurements in an atmospheric-pressure radio-frequency inductively coupled plasma. Measurements are performed in a 1 kW, 27 MHz radio-frequency plasma using a continuous-wave, tunable 811.5 nm diode laser to excite the 4s3P2→4p3D3 argon transition. Kinetic temperature measurements are made at five radial steps from the center of the torch and at four different torch heights. The kinetic temperature is determined by measuring simultaneously the line shape of the sub-Doppler backward phase-conjugate degenerate four-wave mixing and the Doppler broadened forward-scattering degenerate four-wave mixing. The temperature measurements result in a range of 3,500 to 14,000±150 K. Electron densities measured range from 6.1 (±0.3)×1015 cm−3 to 10.1 (±0.3)×1015 cm−3. The experimental spectra are analyzed using a perturbative treatment of the backward phase-conjugate and forward-geometry wave-mixing theory. The Stark width is determined from the collisional broadening measured in the phase-conjugate geometry. Electron density measurements are made based on the Stark width. The kinetic temperature of the plasma was found to be more than halved by adding deionized water through the nebulizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - ELECTRON distribution
KW  - LASERS
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - DIODES
KW  - 78.47.nj
N1  - Accession Number: 37031029; Schafer, J. 1 Lyons, W. 1 Tong, W. G. 1; Email Address: william.tong@sdsu.edu Danehy, P. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego 92182 USA  2: Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681-2199 USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 95 Issue 1, p161; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: DIODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: 78.47.nj; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00340-009-3440-0
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37031029&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aghara, S.K.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Norbury, J.W.
AU  - Singleterry, R.C.
T1  - Monte Carlo analysis of pion contribution to absorbed dose from Galactic cosmic rays
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2009/04/15/
VL  - 267
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1115
EP  - 1124
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Abstract: Accurate knowledge of the physics of interaction, particle production and transport is necessary to estimate the radiation damage to equipment used on spacecraft and the biological effects of space radiation. For long duration astronaut missions, both on the International Space Station and the planned manned missions to Moon and Mars, the shielding strategy must include a comprehensive knowledge of the secondary radiation environment. The distribution of absorbed dose and dose equivalent is a function of the type, energy and population of these secondary products. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) comprised of protons and heavier nuclei have energies from a few MeV per nucleon to the ZeV region, with the spectra reaching flux maxima in the hundreds of MeV range. Therefore, the MeV–GeV region is most important for space radiation. Coincidentally, the pion production energy threshold is about 280MeV. The question naturally arises as to how important these particles are with respect to space radiation problems. The space radiation transport code, HZETRN (High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport), currently used by NASA, performs neutron, proton and heavy ion transport explicitly, but it does not take into account the production and transport of mesons, photons and leptons. In this paper, we present results from the Monte Carlo code MCNPX (Monte Carlo N-Particle eXtended), showing the effect of leptons and mesons when they are produced and transported in a GCR environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIONS
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - NEUTRON flux
KW  - Absorbed dose
KW  - GCR
KW  - Heavy ions
KW  - Mesons
KW  - Monte Carlo
KW  - Neutron flux
KW  - Photon flux
KW  - Pions
KW  - Space
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 37812524; Aghara, S.K. 1; Email Address: Sukesh.K.Aghara@nasa.gov Blattnig, S.R. 2 Norbury, J.W. 2 Singleterry, R.C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Prairie View A&M University, Chemical Engineering (Nuclear Program), P.O. Box 519, MS 2505, Prairie View, TX 77446, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 267 Issue 7, p1115; Subject Term: PIONS; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: NEUTRON flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorbed dose; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heavy ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photon flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.01.136
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37812524&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norbury, John W.
T1  - Total cross section parameterizations for pion production in nucleon–nucleon collisions
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2009/04/15/
VL  - 267
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1209
EP  - 1212
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Abstract: Total cross section parameterizations for neutral and charged pion production in nucleon–nucleon collisions are compared to experimental data over the projectile momentum range from threshold to 300GeV. Both proton–proton and proton–neutron reactions are considered. Overall excellent agreement between parameterizations and experiment is found, except for some disagreements near threshold. This gives much greater confidence to previously developed pion cross section formulas for nucleon–nucleon, proton–nucleus, and nucleus–nucleus reactions. These results are useful for particle transport. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIONS
KW  - NUCLEON-nucleon interactions
KW  - NUCLEAR reactions
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - 13.85.Ni
KW  - 95.30.Cq
KW  - 98.70.Sa
KW  - Cross section
KW  - Nuclear reactions
KW  - Pion production
N1  - Accession Number: 37812540; Norbury, John W. 1; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 267 Issue 7, p1209; Subject Term: PIONS; Subject Term: NUCLEON-nucleon interactions; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactions; Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: 13.85.Ni; Author-Supplied Keyword: 95.30.Cq; Author-Supplied Keyword: 98.70.Sa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cross section; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pion production; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.02.067
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Jr., Charles W.
T1  - Fe+- and Mg+-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon complexes.
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2009/04/20/
VL  - 107
IS  - 8-12
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 818
SN  - 00268976
AB  - The interactions of Fe+ and Mg+ with coronene (C24H12) and Fe+ with circumcoronene (C54H18) are studied. The binding energies are more than an eV. The IR spectra of the complexes are compared with those of the parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), both neutral and cationic. The 3.3 μm C-H stretching band and the 11.2 μm out-of-plane C-H bending band are more similar to the parent PAH cation than to the neutral molecule, while the 6.2 μm C-C stretching band and the 7.7 μm in-plane C-H bending bands are more similar to the neutral PAH parent than to the cation. The allowed electronic transitions in the Mg-coronene+ complex are at lower energies than for neutral coronene, but not as low as those found for coronene+. The total UV cross section for all excitations below 4.8 eV is similar for coronene, coronene+, and the Mg-coronene+ complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - BINDING energy
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - QUASIPARTICLES (Physics)
KW  - DFT
KW  - Fe+
KW  - Fe+
KW  - IR spectra
KW  - Mg+
KW  - Mg+
KW  - PAHs
N1  - Accession Number: 40738725; Bauschlicher, Jr., Charles W. 1; Email Address: charles.w.bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: 4/20/2009, Vol. 107 Issue 8-12, p809; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: BINDING energy; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: QUASIPARTICLES (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fe+; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fe+; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mg+; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mg+; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAHs; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268970802649609
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Dateo, Christopher E.
T1  - The effect of approximating some molecular integrals in coupled-cluster calculations: fundamental frequencies and rovibrational spectroscopic constants for isotopologues of cyclopropenylidene.
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2009/04/20/
VL  - 107
IS  - 8-12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1139
EP  - 1152
SN  - 00268976
AB  - The effect of approximating the three- and four-virtual molecular orbital integrals in single and double coupled-cluster theory including a perturbational correction for connected triple excitations [CCSD(T)] is investigated for the calculation of higher-order properties, specifically the calculation of a molecular quartic force field and spectroscopic constants. The approach was proposed previously, but investigated for only second- and lower-order properties. It is shown that the conclusions reached previously are essentially unchanged on moving to higher-order properties. That is, approximating the selected integrals has essentially no effect on the accuracy of CCSD(T) calculations, and the error due to approximating integrals is much smaller than the residual error due to one-particle basis set deficiencies. The advantage of this approach is that it significantly reduces the amount of data needed to perform CCSD(T) calculations, thereby reducing computational requirements associated with input/output operations and message passing in massively parallel, distributed memory algorithms. These savings are particularly important for large basis set calculations where the reduction in data can be as high as three orders of magnitude for ∼1000 unoccupied molecular orbitals. The approach was tested by computing the quartic force field, vibrational frequencies, and spectroscopic constants of cyclopropenylidene and isotopologues. Comparison of our best results with available experimental data shows excellent agreement between theory and experiment. It is hoped that the theoretical spectroscopic data presented herein for cyclopropenylidene and isotopologues is useful in the interpretation of future laboratory experiments and astronomical observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTEGRALS
KW  - MOLECULAR orbitals
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - anharmonic analysis
KW  - approximate integrals
KW  - coupled-cluster theory
KW  - cyclopropenylidene
KW  - fundamental vibrational frequencies
N1  - Accession Number: 40738694; Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: timothy.j.lee@nasa.gov Xinchuan Huang 1 Dateo, Christopher E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 4/20/2009, Vol. 107 Issue 8-12, p1139; Subject Term: INTEGRALS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR orbitals; Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: anharmonic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: approximate integrals; Author-Supplied Keyword: coupled-cluster theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyclopropenylidene; Author-Supplied Keyword: fundamental vibrational frequencies; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 10 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268970902769455
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duggento, A.
AU  - Luchinsky, D. G.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V. N.
AU  - Millonas, M.
AU  - McClintock, P. V. E.
T1  - Applications of dynamical inference to the analysis of noisy biological time series with hidden dynamical variables.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/04/23/
VL  - 1129
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 531
EP  - 534
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present a Bayesian framework for parameter inference in noisy, non-stationary, nonlinear, dynamical systems. The technique is implemented in two distinct ways: (i) Lightweight implementation to be used for on-line analysis, allowing multiple parameter estimation, optimal compensation for dynamical noise, and reconstruction by integration of the hidden dynamical variables, but with some limitations on how the noise appears in the dynamics; (ii) Full scale implementation of the technique with extensive numerical simulations (MCMC), allowing for more sophisticated reconstruction of hidden dynamical trajectories and dealing better with sources of noise external to the dynamics (measurements noise). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN field theory
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - STOCHASTIC systems
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - coupled oscillators
KW  - dynamical inference
KW  - hidden variables
KW  - nonlinear time-series analysis
KW  - stochastic methods
N1  - Accession Number: 38811829; Duggento, A. 1 Luchinsky, D. G. 1,2 Smelyanskiy, V. N. 2 Millonas, M. 3 McClintock, P. V. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Mission Critical Technologies Inc., 2041 Rosecrans Ave. Suite 225 El Segundo, CA 90245, USA; Source Info: 4/23/2009, Vol. 1129 Issue 1, p531; Subject Term: BAYESIAN field theory; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC systems; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: coupled oscillators; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamical inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: hidden variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonlinear time-series analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic methods; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3140527
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tindjong, R.
AU  - Luchinsky, D. G.
AU  - McClintock, P. V. E.
AU  - Kaufman, I.
AU  - Eisenberg, R. S.
T1  - Charge Fluctuations and Boundary Conditions of Biological Ion Channels: Effect on the Ionic Transition Rate.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/04/23/
VL  - 1129
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 535
EP  - 538
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A self-consistent solution is derived for the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equation, valid both inside a biological ion channel and in the adjacent bulk fluid. An iterative procedure is used to match the two solutions together at the channel mouth. Charge fluctuations at the mouth are modeled as shot noise flipping the height of the potential barrier at the selectivity site. The resultant estimates of the conductivity of the ion channel are in good agreement with Gramicidin experimental measurements and they reproduce the observed current saturation with increasing concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POISSON'S equation
KW  - PARTITION coefficient (Chemistry)
KW  - GRAMICIDINS
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - IONIC columns
KW  - IONIC structure
KW  - charge fluctuation
KW  - ion channels
KW  - Langevin equation
KW  - Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation
KW  - self-consistent approach
N1  - Accession Number: 38811828; Tindjong, R. 1 Luchinsky, D. G. 1,2 McClintock, P. V. E. 1 Kaufman, I. 3 Eisenberg, R. S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  3: VNII for Metrological Service, Gosstandart, Moscow, 119361, Russia  4: Department of Molecular Biophysics and Physiology, Rush Medical college, 1750 West Harrison, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Source Info: 4/23/2009, Vol. 1129 Issue 1, p535; Subject Term: POISSON'S equation; Subject Term: PARTITION coefficient (Chemistry); Subject Term: GRAMICIDINS; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: IONIC columns; Subject Term: IONIC structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: charge fluctuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ion channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Langevin equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poisson-Nernst-Planck equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: self-consistent approach; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3140528
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steven L.  Mielke
AU  - David W.  Schwenke
AU  - George C.  Schatz
AU  - Bruce C.  Garrett
AU  - Kirk A.  Peterson
T1  - Functional Representation for the Born−Oppenheimer Diagonal Correction and Born−Huang Adiabatic Potential Energy Surfaces for Isotopomers of H3†.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2009/04/23/
VL  - 113
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4479
EP  - 4488
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations of the Born−Oppenheimer diagonal correction (BODC) for H3were performed at 1397 symmetry-unique configurations using the Handy−Yamaguchi−Schaefer approach; isotopic substitution leads to 4041 symmetry-unique configurations for the DH2mass combination. These results were then fit to a functional form that permits calculation of the BODC for any combination of isotopes. Mean unsigned fitting errors on a test grid of configurations not included in the fitting process were 0.14, 0.12, and 0.65 cm−1for the H3, DH2, and MuH2isotopomers, respectively. This representation can be combined with any Born−Oppenheimer potential energy surface (PES) to yield Born−Huang (BH) PESs; herein, we choose the CCI potential energy surface, the uncertainties of which (∼0.01 kcal/mol) are much smaller than the magnitude of the BODC. Fortran routines to evaluate these BH surfaces are provided. Variational transition state theory calculations are presented comparing thermal rate constants for reactions on the BO and BH surfaces to provide an initial estimate of the significance of the diagonal correction for the dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - CONFIGURATION space
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - TECHNICAL chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 37832879; Steven L.  Mielke 1 David W.  Schwenke 1 George C.  Schatz 1 Bruce C.  Garrett 1 Kirk A.  Peterson 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, Chemical and Materials Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 113 Issue 16, p4479; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: CONFIGURATION space; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: TECHNICAL chemistry; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, R.L.
AU  - Hunter, G.W.
AU  - Xu, J.C.
AU  - Kulis, M.J.
AU  - Berger, G.M.
AU  - Ticich, T.M.
T1  - Metal-oxide nanostructure and gas-sensing performance
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2009/04/24/
VL  - 138
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 113
EP  - 119
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: A comparison of nanostructured one-dimensional sensing elements is presented. Advantages and limitations of synthesis and incorporation of these elements fabricated via thermal evaporative condensation and electrospinning are discussed. These single-crystal or polycrystalline elements are tested in a chemiresistor configuration. Catalyst nanoparticles are surface applied to enhance response. Response magnitude, rate and operating temperature form the basis for comparative evaluation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - ELECTROSPINNING
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - Chemiresistor
KW  - Electrospinning
KW  - Metal-oxide
KW  - Nanostructure
N1  - Accession Number: 37573716; Vander Wal, R.L. 1; Email Address: ruv12@psu.edu Hunter, G.W. 2 Xu, J.C. 2 Kulis, M.J. 3 Berger, G.M. 3 Ticich, T.M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: National Center for Space Exploration Research c/o NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Centenary College, Shreveport, LA 71134, USA; Source Info: Apr2009, Vol. 138 Issue 1, p113; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: ELECTROSPINNING; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemiresistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrospinning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal-oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2009.02.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gounelle, Matthieu
AU  - Chaussidon, Marc
AU  - Morbidelli, Alessandro
AU  - Barrat, Jean-Alix
AU  - Engrand, Cécile
AU  - Zolensky, Michael E.
AU  - McKeegan, Kevin D.
T1  - A unique basaltic micrometeorite expands the inventory of solar system planetary crusts.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2009/04/28/
VL  - 106
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 6904
EP  - 6909
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Micrometeorites with diameter ≈ 100-200 μm dominate the flux of extraterrestrial matter on Earth. The vast majority of micrometeorites are chemically, mineralogically, and isotopically related to carbonaceous chondrites, which amount to only 2.5% of meteorite falls. Here, we report the discovery of the first basaltic micrometeorite (MM4O). This micrometeorite is unlike any other basalt known in the solar system as revealed by isotopic data, mineral chemistry, and trace element abundances. The discovery of a new basaltic asteroidal surface expands the solar system inventory of planetary crusts and underlines the importance of micrometeorites for sampling the asteroids' surfaces in a way complementary to meteorites, mainly because they do not suffer dynamical biases as meteorites do. The parent asteroid of MM40 has undergone extensive metamorphism, which ended no earlier than 7.9 Myr after solar system formation. Numerical simulations of dust transport dynamics suggest that MM40 might originate from one of the recently discovered basaltic asteroids that are not members of the Vesta family. The ability to retrieve such a wealth of information from this tiny (a few micrograms) sample is auspicious some years before the launch of a Mars sample return mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISCOVERIES in science
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - VESTA (Asteroid)
KW  - BASALT
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - CRUST
KW  - asteroids
KW  - cosmic dust
KW  - differentiation
N1  - Accession Number: 40309081; Gounelle, Matthieu 1; Email Address: gounelle@mnhn.fr Chaussidon, Marc 2 Morbidelli, Alessandro 3 Barrat, Jean-Alix 4 Engrand, Cécile 5 Zolensky, Michael E. 6 McKeegan, Kevin D. 7; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Mineralogie et de Cosmochimie du Museum, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Unite Mixte de Recherche Centre National de Recherche Scientifique-7202, CP52, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France  2: Centre de Recherches Petrographiques et Geochimiques-Nancy Université-Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique, UPR 2300, 15 Rue Notre-Dame des Pauvres, France  3: Qbsevatoire de Ia Côte d'Azur, Boulevard de I'Observatoire, B.P. 4229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France  4: Universite de Bretagne Occidentale-Institut Universitaire Europeen de Ia Mer, Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 6538 (Domaines Océaniques), Place Nicolas Copernic, 29280 Plouzane Cedex, France  5: Centre de Spectrometrie Nucléaire et de Spectrométrie de Masse, Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique-Universite Paris-Sud, Bãtiment 104, 91 405 Orsay Campus, France  6: SN2, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  7: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1 567, USA; Source Info: 4/28/2009, Vol. 106 Issue 17, p6904; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in science; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: VESTA (Asteroid); Subject Term: BASALT; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: CRUST; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmic dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: differentiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Winick, Jeremy R.
AU  - Picard, Richard H.
AU  - Evans, David S.
AU  - López-Puertas, Manuel
AU  - Wintersteiner, Peter P.
AU  - Xu, Xiaojing
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Russell, James M.
T1  - Influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances on SABER measurements of 4.3μm emission and the retrieval of kinetic temperature and carbon dioxide
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1325
EP  - 1336
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Thermospheric infrared radiance at 4.3μm is susceptible to the influence of solar-geomagnetic disturbances. Ionization processes followed by ion-neutral chemical reactions lead to vibrationally excited NO+ (i.e., NO+(v)) and subsequent 4.3μm emission in the ionospheric E-region. Large enhancements of nighttime 4.3μm emission were observed by the TIMED/SABER instrument during the April 2002 and October–November 2003 solar storms. Global measurements of infrared 4.3μm emission provide an excellent proxy to observe the nighttime E-region response to auroral dosing and to conduct a detailed study of E-region ion-neutral chemistry and energy transfer mechanisms. Furthermore, we find that photoionization processes followed by ion-neutral reactions during quiescent, daytime conditions increase the NO+ concentration enough to introduce biases in the TIMED/SABER operational processing of kinetic temperature and CO2 data, with the largest effect at summer solstice. In this paper, we discuss solar storm enhancements of 4.3μm emission observed from SABER and assess the impact of NO+(v) 4.3μm emission on quiescent, daytime retrievals of Tk/CO2 from the SABER instrument. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC storms
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - THERMOSPHERE
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
KW  - E-Region Ion-Neutral Chemistry
KW  - Infrared remote sensing
KW  - Ionosphere E-Region
KW  - Magnetic Storms
KW  - Non-LTE
KW  - Radiation Transfer
KW  - SABER
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 37577220; Mertens, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov Winick, Jeremy R. 2; Email Address: jeremy.winick@hanscom.af.mil Picard, Richard H. 2; Email Address: richard.picard@hanscom.af.mil Evans, David S. 3; Email Address: David.S.Evans@noaa.gov López-Puertas, Manuel 4; Email Address: puertas@iaa.es Wintersteiner, Peter P. 5; Email Address: winters@arcon.com Xu, Xiaojing 6; Email Address: xiaojing_xu@ssaihq.com Mlynczak, Martin G. 7; Email Address: Martin.G.Mlynczak@nasa.gov Russell, James M. 8; Email Address: james.russell@hamptonu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, MS 401B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Air Force Research Laboratories, Hanscom Air Force Base, Hanscom, MA 01731-3010, USA  3: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303-0000, USA  4: Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia, CSIC, Apdo. 3004, Granada 18080, Spain  5: ARCON Corporation, 260 Bear Hill Road, Waltham, MA 02451, USA  6: SSAI, Inc., 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton VA 23666, USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  8: Hampton University, 23 Tyler Street, Hampton VA 23668, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 43 Issue 9, p1325; Subject Term: MAGNETIC storms; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: THERMOSPHERE; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon Dioxide (CO2); Author-Supplied Keyword: E-Region Ion-Neutral Chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere E-Region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic Storms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-LTE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation Transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: SABER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37577220&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balakumar, P.
T1  - Receptivity of a Supersonic Boundary Layer to Acoustic Disturbances.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1069
EP  - 78
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The boundary layer receptivity process generated by the interaction of 3-1) slow and fast acoustic disturbances with a blunted Hat plate, is numerically investigated at a freestream Mach number of 3.5, and at a high Reynolds number of 39 * 106/m. The computations are performed with and without a 2-D isolated roughness element located near the leading edge. Both the steady and unsteady solutions are obtained by solving the full Navier-Stokes equal ions using the fifth-order accurate weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme for space discretization and using the third-order total-variation-diminishing Runge-Kutta scheme for time integration. The simulations showed that the linear instability waves are generated very close to the leading edge. The wavelength of the disturbances inside the boundary layer first increases gradually and becomes longer than the wavelength for the instability waves within a short distance from the leading edge. The wavelength then decreases gradually and merges with the wavelength for the Tollmien-Schlichting wave. The initial amplitudes of the instability waves near the neutral points, the receptivity coefficients, are about 1.20 and 0.07 times the amplitude of the freestream disturbances for the slow and fast waves, respectively. It was also revealed that a small isolated roughness element does not enhance the receptivity process for given nose bluntness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer noise
KW  - SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - SHEAR flow -- Stability
N1  - Accession Number: 73467326; Balakumar, P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p1069; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer noise; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: SHEAR flow -- Stability; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.33395
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73467326&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mascarenhas, Brendan S.
AU  - Helenbrook, Brian T.
AU  - Atkins, Harold L.
T1  - Application of p-Multigrid to Discontinuous Galerkin Formulations of the Euler Equations.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1200
EP  - 1208
SN  - 00011452
AB  - We have investigated the p-multigrid iterative method for solving p = 1, 2, and 4 discontinuous Galerkin approximations to the Euler equations where is the degree of the approximating polynomial. For comparison, we have also investigated agglomeration multigrid for p = 0 approximations. Block diagonal, line, and sweeping relaxation schemes were examined. The convergence rate to a uniform flow on a structured mesh was analyzed as a function of the flow angle relative to the mesh, grid resolution, underrelaxation factor used, and Mach number. The results show that, even for this simplified problem, many of these schemes do not perform well. For p = 0, which corresponds to a conventional finite volume discretization, only the block symmetric Gauss-Seidel line relaxation and the Gauss-Seidel alternate direction line relaxation performed well under all conditions. For > 0, all schemes converged slower than the corresponding p = 0 case. Furthermore, all of the schemes were more sensitive to flow angle and Mach number than with p = 0. We also found that two-level p-multigrid performs anomalously for p = 1 to 0. This behavior is illustrated and explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - EULER characteristic
KW  - FLUID dynamics -- Mathematical models
N1  - Accession Number: 73467338; Mascarenhas, Brendan S. 1; Email Address: mascarbs@clarkson.edu Helenbrook, Brian T. 1; Email Address: helenbrk@clarkson.edu Atkins, Harold L. 2; Email Address: harold.l.atkins@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5725  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p1200; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: EULER characteristic; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics -- Mathematical models; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.39765
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73467338&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
T1  - Perceived vs. measured effects of advanced cockpit systems on pilot workload and error: Are pilots' beliefs misaligned with reality?
JO  - Applied Ergonomics
JF  - Applied Ergonomics
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 40
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 448
EP  - 456
SN  - 00036870
AB  - Abstract: Four types of advanced cockpit systems were tested in an in-flight experiment for their effect on pilot workload and error. Twelve experienced pilots flew conventional cockpit and advanced cockpit versions of the same make and model airplane. In both airplanes, the experimenter dictated selected combinations of cockpit systems for each pilot to use while soliciting subjective workload measures and recording any errors that pilots made. The results indicate that the use of a GPS navigation computer helped reduce workload and errors during some phases of flight but raised them in others. Autopilots helped reduce some aspects of workload in the advanced cockpit airplane but did not appear to reduce workload in the conventional cockpit. Electronic flight and navigation instruments appeared to have no effect on workload or error. Despite this modest showing for advanced cockpit systems, pilots stated an overwhelming preference for using them during all phases of flight. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Ergonomics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - NAVIGATION computer (Aeronautical instrument)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL instruments
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Advanced cockpit systems
KW  - Automation
KW  - Error
KW  - Workload
N1  - Accession Number: 36566335; Casner, Stephen M. 1; Email Address: casner@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 40 Issue 3, p448; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: NAVIGATION computer (Aeronautical instrument); Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL instruments; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced cockpit systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Workload; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apergo.2008.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bloem, Michael
AU  - Alpcan, Tansu
AU  - Başar, Tamer
T1  - Optimal and robust epidemic response for multiple networks
JO  - Control Engineering Practice
JF  - Control Engineering Practice
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 17
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 525
EP  - 533
SN  - 09670661
AB  - Abstract: This paper studies the optimization of malicious software removal or patch deployment processes across multiple networks. The well-known classical epidemic model is adapted to model malware propagation in this multi-network framework. The trade-off between the infection spread and the patching costs is captured in a cost function, leading to an optimal control problem. In the single network case the optimal feedback controller is found by solving an associated Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation. This control law is numerically compared to the proportional response strategy typically assumed by the epidemic model. In the higher dimensional multiple-networks case, the system is linearized to derive feedback controllers using pole-placement, linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal control, and optimal control, where the measurement errors in the number of infected clients are explicitly modeled. The resulting patching strategies are analyzed numerically and their results are compared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Control Engineering Practice is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - MALWARE (Computer software)
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - Epidemic response
KW  - LQR
KW  - Optimal control
KW  - robust control
N1  - Accession Number: 37347160; Bloem, Michael 1; Email Address: michael.bloem@nasa.gov Alpcan, Tansu 2; Email Address: tansu.alpcan@telekom.de Başar, Tamer 3; Email Address: tbasar@control.csl.uiuc.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Deutsche Telekom Laboratories (T-Labs), D-10587 Berlin, Germany  3: Coordinated Science Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 17 Issue 5, p525; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: COMPUTER networks; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: MALWARE (Computer software); Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemic response; Author-Supplied Keyword: LQR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.conengprac.2008.10.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37347160&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, John A.
AU  - Willard, Scott A.
AU  - Smith, Stephen W.
AU  - Piascik, Robert S.
T1  - Replica-based crack inspection
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 76
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 898
EP  - 910
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Abstract: Surface replication has been proposed as a method for crack detection in space-shuttle main engine flowliner slots. The results of a feasibility study show that examination of surface replicas with a scanning electron microscope can result in the detection of cracks as small as 0.005 inch, and surface flaws as small as 0.001 inch, for the flowliner material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects
KW  - FAULT location (Engineering)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - INCONEL
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopes
KW  - Crack inspection
KW  - Inconel 718
KW  - Small crack
KW  - Surface replica
N1  - Accession Number: 37576054; Newman, John A. 1; Email Address: john.a.newman@nasa.gov Willard, Scott A. 2 Smith, Stephen W. 1 Piascik, Robert S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 76 Issue 7, p898; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects; Subject Term: FAULT location (Engineering); Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: INCONEL; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack inspection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inconel 718; Author-Supplied Keyword: Small crack; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface replica; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2008.12.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37576054&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Preston, Christina M.
AU  - Marin III, Roman
AU  - Jensen, Scott D.
AU  - Feldman, Jason
AU  - Birch, James M.
AU  - Massion, Eugene I.
AU  - DeLong, Edward F.
AU  - Suzuki, Marcelino
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin
AU  - Scholin, Christopher A.
T1  - Near real-time, autonomous detection of marine bacterioplankton on a coastal mooring in Monterey Bay, California, using rRNA-targeted DNA probes.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1168
EP  - 1180
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - A sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) was developed to detect 16S rRNAs indicative of phylogenetically distinct groups of marine bacterioplankton in a 96-well plate format as well as low-density arrays printed on a membrane support. The arrays were used in a field-deployable instrument, the Environmental Sample Processor (ESP). The SHA employs a chaotropic buffer for both cell homogenization and hybridization, thus target sequences are captured directly from crude homogenates. Capture probes for seven of nine different bacterioplankton clades examined reacted specifically when challenged with target and non-target 16S rRNAs derived from in vitro transcribed 16S rRNA genes cloned from natural samples. Detection limits were between 0.10–1.98 and 4.43– 12.54 fmole ml−1 homogenate for the 96-well plate and array SHA respectively. Arrays printed with five of the bacterioplankton-specific capture probes were deployed on the ESP in Monterey Bay, CA, twice in 2006 for a total of 25 days and also utilized in a laboratory time series study. Groups detected included marine alphaproteobacteria, SAR11, marine cyanobacteria, marine group I crenarchaea, and marine group II euryarchaea. To our knowledge this represents the first report of remote in situ DNA probe-based detection of marine bacterioplankton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARINE plankton
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sampling
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Detection
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - MONTEREY Bay (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 38218873; Preston, Christina M. 1; Email Address: preston@mbari.org Marin III, Roman 1 Jensen, Scott D. 1 Feldman, Jason 1,2 Birch, James M. 1 Massion, Eugene I. 1 DeLong, Edward F. 3 Suzuki, Marcelino 4 Wheeler, Kevin 1,5 Scholin, Christopher A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Massachussets Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Division of Biological Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  4: Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland, Solomons, MD  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p1168; Subject Term: MARINE plankton; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sampling; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Detection; Subject Term: PHYLOGENY; Subject Term: MONTEREY Bay (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01848.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Melchiorri, R.
AU  - Encrenaz, T.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Fouchet, T.
AU  - Forget, F.
AU  - Titov, D.
AU  - Maltagliati, L.
AU  - Altieri, F.
AU  - Vincendon, M.
AU  - Langevin, Y.
AU  - Bibring, J.P.
T1  - OMEGA/Mars Express: South Pole Region, water vapor daily variability
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 201
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 112
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Polar regions on Mars are the most suitable places to observe water vapor daily variability because in any observation crossing the Pole we can observe very different local time and because the poles are considered to be the main permanent and seasonal water reservoir of the planet. We report on a daily variability of water vapor in the South Pole Region (SPR), observed by OMEGA/Mars Express during the south spring–summer period () outside the CO2 ice cap, that has never been observed before by other instruments. We have been able to estimate an increase of few precipitable microns during the day. A possible scenario includes the presence of regolith, or another component that could gather water from the atmosphere, adsorbing the water into the surface during the night time and desorbing it as soon as the Sun reaches sufficient height to heat the ground. This hypothesis is even more plausible considering the presence of observed local enhancements in the morning sections associated with the illumination of the Sun and the total absence in the data for water ice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRECIPITABLE water
KW  - ICE caps
KW  - SPECTROSCOPE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - POLAR regions
KW  - OBSERVATIONS
KW  - atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - polar caps ( Mars )
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 37571213; Melchiorri, R. 1,2; Email Address: riccardo.melchiorri-1@nasa.gov Encrenaz, T. 1 Drossart, P. 1 Fouchet, T. 1 Forget, F. 3 Titov, D. 4 Maltagliati, L. 4 Altieri, F. 5 Vincendon, M. 6 Langevin, Y. 6 Bibring, J.P. 6; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris Section de Meudon, France  2: ORAU NASA Postdoctoral Program at Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Laboratoire de Métheorologie Dynamique, Paris, France  4: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  5: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio e del Mezzo Interstellare, Roma, Italy  6: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Orsay, France; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 201 Issue 1, p102; Subject Term: PRECIPITABLE water; Subject Term: ICE caps; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: POLAR regions; Subject Term: OBSERVATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: polar caps ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Soderblom, Jason M.
AU  - Soderblom, Laurence A.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Jackson, Brian
AU  - Le Mouélic, Stéphane
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Pitman, Karly M.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Nicholson, Phillip D.
AU  - Turtle, Elizabeth P.
AU  - Perry, Jason
T1  - Shoreline features of Titan's Ontario Lacus from Cassini/VIMS observations
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 201
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 225
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We analyze observations of Titan''s south polar lake Ontario Lacus obtained by Cassini''s Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer during the 38th flyby of Titan (T38; 2007 December 5). These near-closest-approach observations have the highest signal-to-noise, the finest spatial resolution, and the least atmospheric influence of any near-infrared lake observation to date. We use the large, spatially flat, and low-albedo interior of Ontario Lacus as a calibration target allowing us to derive an analytical atmospheric correction for emission angle. The dark lake interior is surrounded by two separate annuli that follow the lake interior''s contours. The inner annulus is uniformly dark, but not so much as the interior lake, and is generally 5–10 kilometers wide at the lake''s southeastern margin. We propose that it represents wet lakebed sediments exposed by either tidal sloshing of the lake or seasonal methane loss leading to lower lake-volume. The exterior annulus is bright and shows a spectrum consistent with a relatively low water-ice content relative to the rest of Titan. It may represent fine-grained condensate deposits from a past era of higher lake level. Together, the annuli seem to indicate that the lake level for Ontario Lacus has changed over time. This hypothesis can be tested with observations scheduled for future Titan flybys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHORELINES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 37571223; Barnes, Jason W. 1,2; Email Address: jason@barnesos.net Brown, Robert H. 3 Soderblom, Jason M. 3 Soderblom, Laurence A. 4 Jaumann, Ralf 5 Jackson, Brian 3 Le Mouélic, Stéphane 6 Sotin, Christophe 7 Buratti, Bonnie J. 7 Pitman, Karly M. 7 Baines, Kevin H. 7 Clark, Roger N. 8 Nicholson, Phillip D. 9 Turtle, Elizabeth P. 10 Perry, Jason 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Engineering-Physics Building, Moscow, ID 83844, USA  3: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489, Berlin, Germany  6: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, CNRS UMR6112, Université de Nantes, France  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: United States Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  10: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 201 Issue 1, p217; Subject Term: SHORELINES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Andrew W.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Orbital stability of systems of closely-spaced planets
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 201
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 381
EP  - 394
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: An investigation of the stability of systems of 1 (Earth-mass) bodies orbiting a Sun-like star has been conducted for virtual times reaching 10 billion years. For the majority of the tests, a symplectic integrator with a fixed timestep of between 1 and 10 days was employed; however, smaller timesteps and a Bulirsch–Stoer integrator were also selectively utilized to increase confidence in the results. In most cases, the planets were started on initially coplanar, circular orbits, and the longitudinal initial positions of neighboring planets were widely separated. The ratio of the semimajor axes of consecutive planets in each system was approximately uniform (so the spacing between consecutive planets increased slowly in terms of distance from the star). The stability time for a system was taken to be the time at which the orbits of two or more planets crossed. Our results show that, for a given class of system (e.g., three 1 planets), orbit crossing times vary with planetary spacing approximately as a power law over a wide range of separation in semimajor axis. Chaos tests indicate that deviations from this power law persist for changed initial longitudes and also for small but non-trivial changes in orbital spacing. We find that the stability time increases more rapidly at large initial orbital separations than the power-law dependence predicted from moderate initial orbital separations. Systems of five planets are less stable than systems of three planets for a specified semimajor axis spacing. Furthermore, systems of less massive planets can be packed more closely, being about as stable as 1 planets when the radial separation between planets is scaled using the mutual Hill radius. Finally, systems with retrograde planets can be packed substantially more closely than prograde systems with equal numbers of planets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - INTEGRATORS
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Planetary dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 37571232; Smith, Andrew W. 1; Email Address: awsmith@stanford.edu Lissauer, Jack J. 2; Email Address: Jack.J.Lissauer@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: Space Science Division, MS 245-3, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 201 Issue 1, p381; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: INTEGRATORS; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary dynamics; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2008.12.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carney, K.S.
AU  - Pereira, J.M.
AU  - Revilock, D.M.
AU  - Matheny, P.
T1  - Jet engine fan blade containment using an alternate geometry
JO  - International Journal of Impact Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Impact Engineering
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 720
EP  - 728
SN  - 0734743X
AB  - Abstract: With a goal of reducing jet engine weight, simulations of a fan blade containment system with an alternate geometry were tested and analyzed. A projectile simulating a fan blade was shot at two alternate geometry containment case configurations using a gas gun. The first configuration was a flat plate representing a standard case configuration. The second configuration was a flat plate with a radially convex curve section at the impact point. The curved surface was designed to force the blade to deform plastically, dissipating energy before the full impact of the blade is received by the plate. The curved case was able to tolerate a higher impact velocity before failure. The computational model was developed and correlated with the tests and a weight savings assessment was performed. For the particular test configuration used in this study the ballistic impact velocity of the curved plate was approximately 60m/s (200ft/s) greater than that of the flat plate. For the computational model to successfully duplicate the test, the very high strain rate behavior of the materials had to be incorporated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Impact Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET engines
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - Blade off
KW  - Containment
KW  - Fan case
KW  - Turbine engine
KW  - Very high strain rate material behavior
N1  - Accession Number: 36477221; Carney, K.S. 1; Email Address: kelly.s.carney@nasa.gov Pereira, J.M. 1 Revilock, D.M. 1 Matheny, P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Florida Turbine Technology, West Palm Beach, FL, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p720; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blade off; Author-Supplied Keyword: Containment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fan case; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Very high strain rate material behavior; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2008.10.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36477221&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, Jamie S.
AU  - Green, Stefan J.
AU  - Ahrendt, Steven R.
AU  - Golubic, Stjepko
AU  - Reid, R. Pamela
AU  - Hetherington, Kevin L.
AU  - Bebout, Lee
T1  - Molecular and morphological characterization of cyanobacterial diversity in the stromatolites of Highborne Cay, Bahamas.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 573
EP  - 587
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Stromatolites are sedimentary deposits that are the direct result of interactions between microbes and their surrounding environment. Once dominant on ancient Earth, actively forming stromatolites now occur in just a few remote locations around the globe, such as the island of Highborne Cay, Bahamas. Although the stromatolites of Highborne Cay contain a wide range of metabolically diverse organisms, photosynthetic cyanobacteria are the driving force for stromatolite development. In this study, we complement previous morphological data by examining the cyanobacterial phylogenetic and physiological diversity of Highborne Cay stromatolites. Molecular analysis of both clone and culture libraries identified 33 distinct phylotypes within the stromatolites. Culture libraries exhibited several morphologically similar but genetically distinct ecotypes, which may contribute to ecosystem stability within the stromatolites. Several of the cultured isolates exhibited both a positive phototactic response and light-dependent extracellular polymeric secretions production, both of which are critical phenotypes for stromatolite accretion and development. The results of this study reveal that the genetic diversity of the cyanobacterial populations within the Highborne Cay stromatolites is far greater than previous estimates, indicating that the mechanisms of stromatolite formation and accretion may be more complex than had been previously assumed.The ISME Journal (2009) 3, 573–587; doi:10.1038/ismej.2008.129; published online 15 January 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - MICROBIAL diversity
KW  - SEDIMENTARY structures
KW  - PHENOTYPE
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - BAHAMAS
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - microbial diversity
KW  - stromatolites
N1  - Accession Number: 37820922; Foster, Jamie S. 1; Email Address: jfoster@ufl.edu Green, Stefan J. 2 Ahrendt, Steven R. 1,3 Golubic, Stjepko 4 Reid, R. Pamela 5 Hetherington, Kevin L. 1 Bebout, Lee 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, University of Florida, Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA  2: Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA  3: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA  4: Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA  5: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA  6: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 3 Issue 5, p573; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: MICROBIAL diversity; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY structures; Subject Term: PHENOTYPE; Subject Term: PHYLOGENY; Subject Term: BAHAMAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial diversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: stromatolites; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 11 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2008.129
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37820922&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dick, Steven J.
T1  - TRANSITS OF VENUS IN VICTORIAN TIMES.
JO  - Journal for the History of Astronomy
JF  - Journal for the History of Astronomy
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 232
EP  - 233
SN  - 00218286
AB  - The article reviews the book "The Transit of Venus Enterprise in Victorian Britain," by Jessica Ratcliff.
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - RATCLIFF, Jessica
KW  - TRANSIT of Venus Enterprise in Victorian Britain, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 40515717; Dick, Steven J. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p232; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: TRANSIT of Venus Enterprise in Victorian Britain, The (Book); People: RATCLIFF, Jessica; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jardin, Matt R.
AU  - Mueller, Eric R.
T1  - Optimized Measurements of Unmanned-Air-Vehicle Mass Moment of Inertia with a Bifilar Pendulum.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 763
EP  - 775
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A bifilar (two-wire) pendulum is a torsional pendulum consisting of a test object suspended by two thin parallel wires. The pendulum oscillates about the vertical axis. The restoring torque of the bifilar pendulum is provided by the gravitational force as rotations from the rest state cause the test object to raise slightly. The mass moment of inertia is computed using dynamic modeling, measurements of the oscillation period, and the physical dimensions of the bifilar pendulum such as the length and separation displacement of the pendulum wires. A simulation technique is described that improves estimates of the mass moment of inertia by considering the nonlinear effects of damping and large angular displacements. An analysis of the error variance of mass moment of inertia measurements is also described. The resulting expression for the error variance is used to optimize the physical parameters of the bifilar pendulum to obtain the moment of inertia measurement with the minimum error variance. Monte Carlo simulations were used to validate the parameter optimization technique. Experimental results are presented for a uniform-density test object for which the moment of inertia is straightforward to compute from geometric considerations. Results are also presented for a small unmanned air vehicle, which was the intended application for this moment of inertia measurement technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PENDULUMS
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - MOMENTS of inertia
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 43251717; Jardin, Matt R. 1 Mueller, Eric R. 2; Affiliation:  1: The MathWorks, Inc., Natick MA 01760  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p763; Subject Term: PENDULUMS; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: MOMENTS of inertia; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 19 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.34015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Mani, Mori
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Eisfeld, Bernhard
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Zickuhr, Tom
AU  - Levy, David
AU  - Murayamat, Mitsuhiro
T1  - Grid Quality and Resolution Issues from the Drag Prediction Workshop Series.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 935
EP  - 950
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The drag prediction workshop series, held over the last six years and sponsored by the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Committee, has been extremely useful in providing an assessment of the state of the art in computationally based aerodynamic drag prediction. An emerging consensus from the three-workshop series has been the identification of spatial discretization errors as a dominant error source in absolute as well as incremental drag prediction. This paper provides an overview of the collective experience from the workshop series regarding the effect of grid-related issues on overall drag prediction accuracy. Examples based on workshop results are used to illustrate the effect of grid resolution and grid quality on drag prediction, and grid convergence behavior is examined in detail. For fully attached flows, various accurate and successful workshop results are demonstrated, and anomalous behavior is identified for a number of cases involving substantial regions of separated flow. Based on collective workshop experiences, recommendations for improvements in mesh generation technology that have the potential to impact the state of the art of aerodynamic drag prediction are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - GRIDS (Crisscross patterns)
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - DRAGS (Hydrography)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 43251733; Mavriplis, Dimitri J. 1 Vassberg, John C. 2 Tinoco, Edward N. 3 Mani, Mori 4 Brodersen, Olaf P. 5 Eisfeld, Bernhard 5 Wahls, Richard A. 6 Morrison, Joseph H. 6 Zickuhr, Tom 7 Levy, David 7 Murayamat, Mitsuhiro 8; Affiliation:  1: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071  2: The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647  3: The Boeing Company, Seattle Washington 98124  4: The Boeing Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63301  5: DLR, German Aerospace Center, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  7: Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, Kansas 67218  8: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8522, Japan; Source Info: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p935; Subject Term: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: GRIDS (Crisscross patterns); Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: DRAGS (Hydrography); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.39201
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Herring, G. C.
T1  - Noninvasive Measurement of Velocity, Pressure, and Temperature in Unseeded Supersonic Air Vortices.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1074
EP  - 1076
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The article presents Stimulated Raman gain spectroscopy (SRGS) measurements that profile offbody flow parameters in the vortex of a delta wing. SRGS is a laser method being developed for different noninvasive diagnostic applications. Coherent Raman scattering from nitrogen in unseeded air is being used in the SRGS method. The potential of the SRGS laser diagnostics for noninvasive and quantitative offbody flow measurements for several applications is illustrated which include vortex and other flowfield studies, validation of computational fluid dynamics, and wind-tunnel optimization.
KW  - RAMAN effect
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Triangular wings
KW  - FLOW meters
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 43251749; Herring, G. C. 1; Email Address: Gregory.C.Herring@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p1074; Subject Term: RAMAN effect; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Triangular wings; Subject Term: FLOW meters; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.42004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Housman, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Kiris, Cetin C.
AU  - Hafez, Mohamed M.
T1  - Time-Derivative Preconditioning Methods for Multicomponent Flows--Part I1: Two-Dimensional Applications.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 031013-1
EP  - 031013-12
SN  - 00218936
AB  - A time-derivative preconditioned system of equations suitable for the numerical simulation of multicomponent/multiphase inviscid flows at all speeds was described in Part I of this paper. The system was shown to be hyperbolic in time and remain well conditioned in the incompressible limit, allowing time marching numerical methods to remain an efficient solution strategy. Application of conservative numerical methods to multicomponent flows containing sharp fluid interfaces was shown to generate nonphysical pressure and velocity oscillations across the contact surface, which separates the fluid components. It was demonstrated using the one-dimensional Riemann problem that these oscillations may lead to stability problems when the interface separates fluids with large density ratios, such as water and air. The effect of which leads to the requirement of small physical time steps and slow subiteration convergence for the implicit time marching numerical method. Alternatively, the nonconservative and hybrid formulations developed by the present authors were shown to eliminate this nonphysical behavior. While the nonconservative method did not converge to the correct weak solution for flow containing shocks, the hybrid method was able to capture the physically correct entropy solution and converge to the exact solution of the Riemann problem as the grid is refined. In Part II of this paper, the conservative, nonconservative, and hybrid formulations described in Part I are implemented within a two-dimensional structured body-fitted overset grid solver, and a study of two unsteady flow applications is reported. In the first application, a multiphase cavitating flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil contained in a channel is solved, and sensitivity to the cavitation number and the spatial order of accuracy of the discretization are discussed. Next, the interaction of a shock moving in air with a cylindrical bubble of another fluid is analyzed. In the first case, the cylindrical bubble is filled with helium gas, and both the conservative and hybrid approaches perform similarly. In the second case, the bubble is filled with water and the conservative method fails to maintain numerical stability. The performance of the hybrid method is shown to be unchanged when the gas is replaced with a liquid, demonstrating the robustness and accuracy of the hybrid approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - SPEED
KW  - EXPONENTIAL functions
KW  - dual time stepping
KW  - hybrid conservative/nonconservative method
KW  - split coefficient matrix (SCM) method
KW  - time-derivative preconditioning
N1  - Accession Number: 50486863; Housman, Jeffrey A. 1 Kiris, Cetin C. 2 Hafez, Mohamed M. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of California Davis, 2132 Bainer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p031013-1; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: INVISCID flow; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: EXPONENTIAL functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual time stepping; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid conservative/nonconservative method; Author-Supplied Keyword: split coefficient matrix (SCM) method; Author-Supplied Keyword: time-derivative preconditioning; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.3086592
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roithmayr, Carlos M.
AU  - Hodges, Dewey H.
T1  - An Argument Against Augmenting the Lagrangean for Nonholonomic Systems.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 034501-1
EP  - 034501-3
SN  - 00218936
AB  - Although it is known that correct dynamical equations of motion for a nonholonomic system cannot be obtained from a Lagrangean that has been augmented with a sum of the nonholonomic constraint equations weighted with multipliers, previous publications suggest otherwise. One published example that was proposed in support of augmentation purportedly demonstrates that an accepted method fails to produce correct equations of motion whereas augmentation leads to correct equations. This present paper shows that, in fact, the apposite is true. The correct equations, previously discounted on the basis of a flawed application of the Newton-Euler method, are verified by using Kane's method together with a new approach for determining the directions of constraint forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS of motion
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - LAGRANGE equations
KW  - constraint forces
KW  - holonomic constraint equations
KW  - Kane's method
KW  - Lagrangean
KW  - nonholonomic constraint equations
N1  - Accession Number: 50486868; Roithmayr, Carlos M. 1; Email Address: c.m.roithmayr@larc.nasa.gov Hodges, Dewey H. 2; Email Address: dhodges@gatach.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Professor, School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p034501-1; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of motion; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: LAGRANGE equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: constraint forces; Author-Supplied Keyword: holonomic constraint equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kane's method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lagrangean; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonholonomic constraint equations; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.3086435
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
AU  - Di Sciuva, Marco
AU  - Gherlone, Marco
T1  - A Refined Zigzag Beam Theory for Composite and Sandwich Beams.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1051
EP  - 1081
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A new refined theory for laminated composite and sandwich beams that contains the kinematics of the Timoshenko Beam Theory as a proper baseline subset is presented. This variationally consistent theory is derived from the virtual work principle and employs a novel piecewise linear zigzag function that provides a more realistic representation of the deformation states of transverse-shear flexible beams than other similar theories. This new zigzag function is unique in that it vanishes at the top and bottom bounding surfaces of a beam. The formulation does not enforce continuity of the transverse shear stress across the beam's cross-section, yet is robust. Two major shortcomings that are inherent in the previous zigzag theories, shear-force inconsistency and difficulties in simulating clamped boundary conditions, and that have greatly limited the utility of these previous theories are discussed in detail. An approach that has successfully resolved these shortcomings is presented herein. Exact solutions for simply supported and cantilevered beams subject to static loads are derived and the improved modelling capability of the new 'zigzag' beam theory is demonstrated. In particular, extensive results for thick beams with highly heterogeneous material lay-ups are discussed and compared with corresponding results obtained from elasticity solutions, two other 'zigzag' theories, and high-fidelity finite element analyses. Comparisons with the baseline Timoshenko Beam Theory are also presented. The comparisons clearly show the improved accuracy of the new, refined 'zigzag' theory presented herein over similar existing theories. This new theory can be readily extended to plate and shell structures, and should be useful for obtaining relatively low-cost, accurate estimates of structural response needed to design an important class of high-performance aerospace structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - BUILDING materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - composite beams
KW  - sandwich beams
KW  - shear deformation
KW  - virtual work principle
KW  - zigzag kinematics
N1  - Accession Number: 39773730; Tessler, Alexander 1 Di Sciuva, Marco 2 Gherlone, Marco 2; Email Address: marco.gherlone@polito.it; Affiliation:  1: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch - NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Aeronautics and Space Engineering - Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 43 Issue 9, p1051; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: BUILDING materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite beams; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich beams; Author-Supplied Keyword: shear deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: virtual work principle; Author-Supplied Keyword: zigzag kinematics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416310 General-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 19 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998308097730
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39773730&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamaleev, Nail K.
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
T1  - Third-order Energy Stable WENO scheme
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 228
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3025
EP  - 3047
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: A new third-order Energy Stable Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (ESWENO) finite difference scheme for scalar and vector hyperbolic equations with piecewise continuous initial conditions is developed. The new scheme is proven to be linearly stable in the energy norm for both continuous and discontinuous solutions. In contrast to the existing high-resolution shock-capturing schemes, no assumption that the reconstruction should be total variation bounded (TVB) is explicitly required to prove stability of the new scheme. We also present new weight functions which drastically improve the accuracy of the third-order ESWENO scheme. Based on a truncation error analysis, we show that the ESWENO scheme is design-order accurate for smooth solutions with any number of vanishing derivatives, if its tuning parameters satisfy certain constraints. Numerical results show that the new ESWENO scheme is stable and significantly outperforms the conventional third-order WENO scheme of Jiang and Shu in terms of accuracy, while providing essentially non-oscillatory solutions near strong discontinuities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - HYPERBOLIC differential equations
KW  - SCALAR field theory
KW  - VECTOR fields
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Artificial dissipation
KW  - Energy estimate
KW  - High-order finite difference methods
KW  - Numerical stability
KW  - Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes
N1  - Accession Number: 36894056; Yamaleev, Nail K. 1; Email Address: nkyamale@ncat.edu Carpenter, Mark H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA  2: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 228 Issue 8, p3025; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC differential equations; Subject Term: SCALAR field theory; Subject Term: VECTOR fields; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy estimate; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order finite difference methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.01.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=36894056&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Gnoffo, Peter A.
AU  - Sutton, Kenneth
T1  - Influence of Ablation on Radiative Heating for Earth Entry.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 481
EP  - 491
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Using the coupled ablation and radiation capability recently included in the LAURA flowfield solver, this paper investigates the influence of ablation on the shock-layer radiative heating for Earth entry. The extension of the HARA radiation model, which provides the radiation predictions in LAURA, to treat a gas consisting of the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen is discussed. It is shown that the absorption coefficient of air is increased with the introduction of the carbon and hydrogen elements. A simplified shock-layer model is studied to show the impact of temperature, as well as the abundance of carbon and hydrogen, on the net absorption or emission from an ablation contaminated boundary layer. It is found that the ablation species reduce the radiative flux in the vacuum ultraviolet, through increased absorption, for all temperatures. However, in the infrared region of the spectrum, the ablation species increase the radiative flux, through strong emission, for temperatures above 3000 K. Thus, depending on the temperature and abundance of ablation species, the contaminated boundary layer may either provide a net increase or decrease in the radiative flux reaching the wall. To assess the validity of the coupled ablation and radiation LAURA analysis, a previously analyzed Mars-return case (15.24 km/s), which contains significant ablation and radiation coupling, is studied. Exceptional agreement with previous viscous-shock-layer results is obtained. A 40% decrease in the radiative flux is predicted for ablation rates equal to 20% of the freestream mass flux. The Apollo 4 peak-heating case (10.24 km/s) is also studied. For ablation rates up to 3.4% of the freestream mass flux, the radiative heating is reduced by up to 19%, whereas the convective heating is reduced by up to 87 %. Good agreement with the Apollo 4 radiometer data is obtained by considering absorption in the radiometer cavity. For both the Mars-return and the Apollo 4 cases, coupled radiation alone is found to reduce the radiative heating by 30-60% and the convective heating by less than 5%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HEATING
KW  - CARBON
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 43039977; Johnston, Christopher O. 1,2 Gnoffo, Peter A. 2,3 Sutton, Kenneth 4,5,6; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Member AIAA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Aerospace Engineer, Fellow AIAA  4: Senior Research Fellow  5: Associate Fellow AIAA  6: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 24060; Source Info: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p481; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40290
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43039977&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Everhart, Joel L.
T1  - Supersonic/Hypersonic Laminar Heating Correlations for Rectangular and Impact-Induced Open and Closed Cavities.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 545
EP  - 560
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An analysis of existing baseline, zero-pressure-gradient, idealized, rectangular-geometry cavity-heating data is presented, yielding new laminar correlations for the floor-averaged heating, peak cavity endwall heating, and downstream decay rate. Correlation parameters are derived in terms of cavity geometry and local flow conditions. Prediction-limit uncertainty values are provided at the 95, 99, and 99.9% levels of significance. Nonbaseline conditions, including nonrectangular geometries and flows with known pressure gradients, are used to assess the range of applicability of the new correlations. All data variations fall within the 99% prediction-limit uncertainty bounds. Both open-flow and closed-flow cavity heating are combined into a single-curve parameterization of the heating predictions and provide a concise mathematical model of the laminar heating flowfield of stream-aligned cavities with known uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - HEATING
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - CAVITIES (Airplanes)
KW  - PARAMETERS (Statistics)
KW  - MATHEMATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 43039982; Everhart, Joel L. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p545; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: CAVITIES (Airplanes); Subject Term: PARAMETERS (Statistics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.36830
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43039982&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squire, T. H.
AU  - Milos, F. S.
AU  - Hartlieb, G. C.
T1  - Aerospace Materials Property Database (TPSX).
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/05//May/Jun2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 733
EP  - 736
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The article focuses on TPSX Material Properties Database, a Web-based system for storing, organizing and accessing all pertinent information about thermal protection system (TPS) materials. The database has over 4500 registered users. A brief overview of the history of TPSX is presented. The article cites the four individual material databases included in the TPSX. It discusses the Web site functionality of the database. Each TPSX user can create an account by completing the online registration form on the Web site.
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems
KW  - THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles)
KW  - ONLINE databases
KW  - WEBSITES
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 43040004; Squire, T. H. 1,2 Milos, F. S. 1,3 Hartlieb, G. C. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Member AIAA  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale California 94086-7607; Source Info: May/Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p733; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems; Subject Term: THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles); Subject Term: ONLINE databases; Subject Term: WEBSITES; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.43777
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, Norman P.
AU  - Walsh, Brian M.
AU  - Reichle, Donald J.
AU  - DeYoung, Russell J.
T1  - Tm:fiber lasers for remote sensing
JO  - Optical Materials
JF  - Optical Materials
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 31
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1061
EP  - 1064
SN  - 09253467
AB  - Abstract: Tm:fiber lasers are an attractive choice for remote sensing of water under arid conditions, such as found on Mars. Renewed interest in Martian exploration and discovery of huge deposits of water at the Martian south pole fuel interest in a water vapor lidar. The potential for high efficiency and the robust and compact nature of fiber lasers are very attractive features. Laser diodes, suitable for pumping Tm:fiber lasers, operate around 0.8μm. Tm:fiber lasers operate around 1.9μm, in a strong water vapor absorption region. For the laser to be highly efficient, Tm:fiber lasers must operate with a quantum efficiency of two. That is, two laser photons are produced for one absorbed pump photon. The role the fiber material plays and the dynamics of the Tm self quenching process must be understood to optimize this device. Both the physics and experimental results will be presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - THULIUM
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - QUANTUM efficiency (Physics)
KW  - LASERS in physics
KW  - WATER vapor transport
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 38319574; Barnes, Norman P.; Email Address: norman.p.barnes@nasa.gov Walsh, Brian M. 1 Reichle, Donald J. 1 DeYoung, Russell J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 31 Issue 7, p1061; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: THULIUM; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: QUANTUM efficiency (Physics); Subject Term: LASERS in physics; Subject Term: WATER vapor transport; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.optmat.2007.11.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blank, J.G.
AU  - Green, S.J.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Valley, J.W.
AU  - Kita, N.T.
AU  - Treiman, A.
AU  - Dobson, P.F.
T1  - An alkaline spring system within the Del Puerto Ophiolite (California, USA): A Mars analog site
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 57
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 533
EP  - 540
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Mars appears to have experienced little compositional differentiation of primitive lithosphere, and thus much of the surface of Mars is covered by mafic lavas. On Earth, mafic and ultramafic rocks present in ophiolites, oceanic crust and upper mantle that have been obducted onto land, are therefore good analogs for Mars. The characteristic mineralogy, aqueous geochemistry, and microbial communities of cold-water alkaline springs associated with these mafic and ultramafic rocks represent a particularly compelling analog for potential life-bearing systems. Serpentinization, the reaction of water with mafic minerals such as olivine and pyroxene, yields fluids with unusual chemistry (Mg–OH and Ca–OH waters with pH values up to ∼12), as well as heat and hydrogen gas that can sustain subsurface, chemosynthetic ecosystems. The recent observation of seeps from pole-facing crater and canyon walls in the higher Martian latitudes supports the hypothesis that even present conditions might allow for a rock-hosted chemosynthetic biosphere in near-surface regions of the Martian crust. The generation of methane within a zone of active serpentinization, through either abiogenic or biogenic processes, could account for the presence of methane detected in the Martian atmosphere. For all of these reasons, studies of terrestrial alkaline springs associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks are particularly timely. This study focuses on the alkaline Adobe Springs, emanating from mafic and ultramafic rocks of the California Coast Range, where a community of novel bacteria is associated with the precipitation of Mg–Ca carbonate cements. The carbonates may serve as a biosignature that could be used in the search for evidence of life on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPRINGS
KW  - OPHIOLITES
KW  - AQUATIC microbiology
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology -- Earth analogs
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Alkaline springs
KW  - Biosignature
KW  - Dolomite
KW  - Mars analog
N1  - Accession Number: 39352749; Blank, J.G. 1,2; Email Address: jblank@seti.org Green, S.J. 2 Blake, D. 2 Valley, J.W. 3 Kita, N.T. 3 Treiman, A. 4 Dobson, P.F. 5; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA  4: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  5: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 57 Issue 5/6, p533; Subject Term: SPRINGS; Subject Term: OPHIOLITES; Subject Term: AQUATIC microbiology; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology -- Earth analogs; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkaline springs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosignature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dolomite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars analog; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.11.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39352749&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Ferris, Justin C.
AU  - Finch, Michael
AU  - Furfaro, Roberto
AU  - Hare, Trent M.
AU  - Janes, Daniel M.
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Karunatillake, Suniti
AU  - Keller, John
AU  - Kerry, Kris
AU  - Kim, Kyeong J.
AU  - Komatsu, Goro
AU  - Mahaney, William C.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Marinangeli, Lucia
AU  - Ori, Gian G.
AU  - Ruiz, Javier
T1  - GRS evidence and the possibility of paleooceans on Mars
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 57
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 664
EP  - 684
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Gamma Ray Spectrometer (Mars Odyssey spacecraft) has revealed elemental distributions of potassium (K), thorium (Th), and iron (Fe) on Mars that require fractionation of K (and possibly Th and Fe) consistent with aqueous activity. This includes weathering, evolution of soils, and transport, sorting, and deposition, as well as with the location of first-order geomorphological demarcations identified as possible paleoocean boundaries. The element abundances occur in patterns consistent with weathering in situ and possible presence of relict or exhumed paleosols, deposition of weathered materials (salts and clastic minerals), and weathering/transport under neutral to acidic brines. The abundances are explained by hydrogeology consistent with the possibly overlapping alternatives of paleooceans and/or heterogeneous rock compositions from diverse provenances (e.g., differing igneous compositions). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA ray spectrometry
KW  - PALEOCEANOGRAPHY
KW  - HYDROGEOLOGY
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - CHEMICAL elements
KW  - PALEOWEATHERING
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Elemental
KW  - Gamma-ray spectrometer
KW  - Hydrogeology
KW  - Mars
KW  - Oceans
KW  - Water
N1  - Accession Number: 39352762; Dohm, James M. 1,2; Email Address: jmd@hwr.arizona.edu Baker, Victor R. 1,2 Boynton, William V. 2 Fairén, Alberto G. 3 Ferris, Justin C. 4 Finch, Michael 2 Furfaro, Roberto 5 Hare, Trent M. 6 Janes, Daniel M. 2 Kargel, Jeffrey S. 1 Karunatillake, Suniti 7 Keller, John 8 Kerry, Kris 2 Kim, Kyeong J. 9 Komatsu, Goro 10 Mahaney, William C. 11,12 Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 13 Marinangeli, Lucia 10 Ori, Gian G. 10 Ruiz, Javier 14; Affiliation:  1: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: California Water Science Center, US Geological Survey, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA  5: Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  7: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  8: Department of Physics, California Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, CA 9340, USA  9: Geological and Environmental Hazards Division, Korea Institute of Geosciences and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, South Korea  10: International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, Pescara, Italy  11: Geomorphology and Pedology Laboratory, York University, Atkinson College, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3  12: Quaternary Surveys, Thornhill, Ontario, Canada L4J 1J4  13: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA  14: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 57 Issue 5/6, p664; Subject Term: GAMMA ray spectrometry; Subject Term: PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; Subject Term: HYDROGEOLOGY; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: CHEMICAL elements; Subject Term: PALEOWEATHERING; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elemental; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma-ray spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogeology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oceans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.10.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watson, Andrew
AU  - Ramirez, Cesar V.
AU  - Salud, Ellen
T1  - Predicting Visibility of Aircraft.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2009/05//
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Visual detection of aircraft by human observers is an important element of aviation safety. To assess and ensure safety, it would be useful to be able to be able to predict the visibility, to a human observer, of an aircraft of specified size, shape, distance, and coloration. Examples include assuring safe separation among aircraft and between aircraft and unmanned vehicles, design of airport control towers, and efforts to enhance or suppress the visibility of military and rescue vehicles. We have recently developed a simple metric of pattern visibility, the Spatial Standard Observer (SSO). In this report we examine whether the SSO can predict visibility of simulated aircraft images. We constructed a set of aircraft images from threedimensional computer graphic models, and measured the luminance contrast threshold for each image from three human observers. The data were well predicted by the SSO. Finally, we show how to use the SSO to predict visibility range for aircraft of arbitrary size, shape, distance, and coloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - REMOTELY piloted vehicles
KW  - AIRPORT control towers
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - COMPUTER graphics
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 55980033; Watson, Andrew 1; Email Address: Andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov Ramirez, Cesar V. 1 Salud, Ellen 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Virginia, United States of America; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: REMOTELY piloted vehicles; Subject Term: AIRPORT control towers; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: COMPUTER graphics; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0005594
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rhoderick, George C.
AU  - Thorn III, William J.
AU  - Miller Jr., Walter R.
AU  - Guenther, Franklin R.
AU  - Gore, Eric J.
AU  - Fish, Timothy O.
T1  - Gas Standards Development in Support of NASA's Sensor Calibration Program Around the Space Shuttle.
JO  - Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Analytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2009/05/15/
VL  - 81
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3809
EP  - 3815
SN  - 00032700
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center (KSC) requires accurate gas mixtures containing argon (Ar), helium (He), hydrogen (H2), and oxygen (O2) in a balance of nitrogen (N2) to calibrate mass spectrometer-based sensors used around their manned and unmanned space vehicles. This also indudes space shuttle monitoring around the hunch area and inside the shuttle cabin. NASA was in need of these gas mixtures to ensure the safety of the shuttle cabin and the launch system. In 1993, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) was contracted by NASA to develop a suite of primary standard mixtures (PSMs) containing helium, hydrogen, argon, and oxygen in a balance gas of nitrogen. NIST proceeded to develop a suite of 20 new gravimetric primary PSMs. At the same time NIST contracted Scott Specialty Gases (Plumstead- vine, PA) to prepare 18 cylinder gas mixtures which were then sent to NIST. NIST used their newly prepared PSMs to assign concentration values ranging from 100 to 10 000 μmol/mol with relative expanded uncertainties (95% confidence interval) of 0.8-10% to the 18 Scott Specialty Gases prepared mixtures. A total of 12 of the mixtures were sent to NASA as NIST traceable standards for calibration of their mass spectrometers. The remaining 6 AIRGAS mixtures were retained at NIST. In 2006, these original 12 gas standards at NASA bad become low in pressure and additionally NASA needed a lower concentration level; therefore, NIST was contracted to certify three new sets of gas standards. NIST prepared a new suite of 22 PSMs with weighing uncertainties of <0.1%. These 22 PSMs were compared to some of the original 20 PSMs developed in 1993 and with the NIST valued assigned Scott Specialty Gas mixtures that NIST had retained. Results between the two suites of primary standards and the 1993 NASA mixtures agreed, verifying their stability. At the same time, NASA contracted AIR-GAS (Chicago, Illinois) to prepare 45 cylinder gas mixtures which were then sent to NIST. Each of the 3 sets of standards contained 15 cylinder gas mixtures: set no. 1, He at 12 000 μmol/mol, H2 at 600 μmol/mol, Ar at 100 μmol/mol, and O2 at 600 μmol/mol; set no. 2, He at 15 000 μmol/mol, H2 at 5000 μmol/mol, Ar at 1000 μmol/mol, O2 at 5000 μmol/mol; and set no. 3, He at 50 μmol/mol, H2, Ar, and O2 each at 25 μmol/mol with a balance gas of N2. NIST used their newly prepared primary standards to assign concentration values to each component in these three new mixture sets to relative expanded uncertainties of 0.5-2.2%. The NIST certified AIRGAS prepared mixtures were then sent to NASA to use as "working standards" to calibrate their mass spectrometers (MSs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COAL gas
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 41245452; Rhoderick, George C. 1; Email Address: george.rhoderick@nist.gov Thorn III, William J. 1 Miller Jr., Walter R. 1 Guenther, Franklin R. 1 Gore, Eric J. 2 Fish, Timothy O. 2; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Chemistry Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-8393  2: and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Hazardous Warning Systems, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899; Source Info: 5/15/2009, Vol. 81 Issue 10, p3809; Subject Term: COAL gas; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arumugam, Prabhu U.
AU  - Chen, Hua
AU  - Siddiqui, Shabnam
AU  - Weinrich, Jarret A.P.
AU  - Jejelowo, Ayodeji
AU  - Li, Jun
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Wafer-scale fabrication of patterned carbon nanofiber nanoelectrode arrays: A route for development of multiplexed, ultrasensitive disposable biosensors
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2009/05/15/
VL  - 24
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2818
EP  - 2824
SN  - 09565663
AB  - Abstract: One of the major limitations in the development of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors based on one-dimensional nanostructures is the difficulty involved with reliably fabricating nanoelectrode arrays (NEAs). In this work, we describe a simple, robust and scalable wafer-scale fabrication method to produce multiplexed biosensors. Each sensor chip consists of nine individually addressable arrays that uses electron beam patterned vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) as the sensing element. To ensure nanoelectrode behavior with higher sensitivity, VACNFs were precisely grown on 100nm Ni dots with 1μm spacing on each micro pad. Pretreatments by the combination of soaking in 1.0M HNO3 and electrochemical etching in 1.0M NaOH dramatically improved the electrode performance, indicated by the decrease of redox peak separation in cyclic voltammogram (ΔE p) to ∼100mV and an approximately 200% increase in steady-state currents. The electrochemical detection of the hybridization of DNA targets from E. coli O157:H7 onto oligonucleotide probes were successfully demonstrated. The 9 arrays within the chip were divided into three groups with triplicate sensors for positive control, negative control and specific hybridization. The proposed method has the potential to be scaled up to N × N arrays with N up to 10, which is ideal for detecting a myriad of organisms. In addition, such sensors can be used as a generic platform for many electroanalysis applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - BIOSENSORS -- Design & construction
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors
KW  - DNA
KW  - Biosensor
KW  - Multiplexed electrochemical detection
KW  - Nanoelectrode array
KW  - Ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection
KW  - Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers
N1  - Accession Number: 37813932; Arumugam, Prabhu U. 1; Email Address: prabhu.u.arumugam@nasa.gov Chen, Hua 1; Email Address: hua.chen-1@nasa.gov Siddiqui, Shabnam 1 Weinrich, Jarret A.P. 2 Jejelowo, Ayodeji 3 Li, Jun 4 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: University of Miami, FL, United States  3: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States  4: Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, United States; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 24 Issue 9, p2818; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS -- Design & construction; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors; Subject Term: DNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiplexed electrochemical detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoelectrode array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bios.2009.02.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, M.E.
AU  - Farrand, W.H.
AU  - Johnson, J.R.
AU  - Schröder, C.
AU  - Hurowitz, J.A.
AU  - McCoy, T.J.
AU  - Ruff, S.W.
AU  - Arvidson, R.E.
AU  - Des Marais, D.J.
AU  - Lewis, K.W.
AU  - Ming, D.W.
AU  - Squyres, S.W.
AU  - de Souza, P.A.
T1  - Spectral, mineralogical, and geochemical variations across Home Plate, Gusev Crater, Mars indicate high and low temperature alteration
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2009/05/15/
VL  - 281
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 258
EP  - 266
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Over the last ~3 years in Gusev Crater, Mars, the Spirit rover observed coherent variations in color, mineralogy, and geochemistry across Home Plate, an ~80 m-diameter outcrop of basaltic tephra. Observations of Home Plate from orbit and from the summit of Husband Hill reveal clear differences in visible/near-infrared (VNIR) colors between its eastern and western regions that are consistent with mineralogical compositions indicated by Mössbauer spectrometer (MB) and by Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES). Pyroxene and magnetite dominate the east side, while olivine, nanophase Fe oxide (npOx) and glass are more abundant on the western side. Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) observations reveal that eastern Home Plate has higher Si/Mg, Al, Zn, Ni, and K, while Cl and Br are higher in the west. We propose that these variations are the result of two distinct alteration regimes that may or may not be temporally related: a localized, higher temperature recrystallization and alteration of the east side of Home Plate and lower temperature alteration of the western side that produced npOx. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - MOSSBAUER spectroscopy
KW  - PYROXENE
KW  - MAGNETITE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - GUSEV Crater (Mars)
KW  - Gusev Crater
KW  - hydrothermal alteration
KW  - Mars geology
N1  - Accession Number: 37816091; Schmidt, M.E. 1; Email Address: schmidtm@si.edu Farrand, W.H. 2 Johnson, J.R. 3 Schröder, C. 4 Hurowitz, J.A. 5 McCoy, T.J. 1 Ruff, S.W. 6 Arvidson, R.E. 7 Des Marais, D.J. 8 Lewis, K.W. 9 Ming, D.W. 10 Squyres, S.W. 11 de Souza, P.A. 12; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, United States  2: Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States  3: Astrogeology Team, United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, United States  4: Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  6: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, United States  7: Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States  8: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  9: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States  10: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, United States  11: Dept. of Astronomy, Space Sciences Bldg., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States  12: Tasmanian ICT Center, CSIRO, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 281 Issue 3/4, p258; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: MOSSBAUER spectroscopy; Subject Term: PYROXENE; Subject Term: MAGNETITE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: GUSEV Crater (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gusev Crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrothermal alteration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars geology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.02.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, Wuyin
AU  - Zhang, Minghua
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
T1  - Seasonal Variation of the Physical Properties of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds off the California Coast.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/05/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2624
EP  - 2638
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds can significantly regulate the sensitivity of climate models, yet they are currently poorly simulated. This study aims to characterize the seasonal variations of physical properties of these clouds and their associated processes by using multisatellite data. Measurements from several independent satellite datasets [International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System–Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (CERES–MODIS), Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS), and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)], in conjunction with balloon soundings from the mobile facility of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program at Point Reyes and reanalysis products, are used to characterize the seasonal variations of MBL cloud-top and cloud-base heights, cloud thickness, the degree of decoupling between clouds and MBL, and inversion strength off the California coast. The main results from this study are as follows: (i) MBL clouds over the northeast subtropical Pacific in the summer are more prevalent and associated with a larger in-cloud water path than in winter. The cloud-top and cloud-base heights are lower in the summer than in the winter. (ii) Although the lower-tropospheric stability of the atmosphere is higher in the summer, the MBL inversion strength is only weakly stronger in the summer because of a negative feedback from the cloud-top altitude. Summertime MBL clouds are more homogeneous and are associated with lower surface latent heat flux than those in the winter. (iii) Seasonal variations of low-cloud properties from summer to winter resemble the downstream stratocumulus-to-cumulus transition of MBL clouds in terms of MBL depth, cloud-top and cloud-base heights, inversion strength, and spatial homogeneity. The “deepening–warming” mechanism of Bretherton and Wyant for the stratocumulus-to-trade-cumulus transition downstream of the cold eastern ocean can also explain the seasonal variation of low clouds from the summer to the winter, except that warming of the sea surface temperature needs to be taken as relative to the free-tropospheric air temperature, which occurs in the winter. The observed variation of low clouds from summer to winter is attributed to the much larger seasonal cooling of the free-tropospheric air temperature than that of the sea surface temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - LONG-range weather forecasting
KW  - CLIMATE research
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 39984176; Lin, Wuyin 1,2; Email Address: wlin@atmsci.msrc.sunysb.edu Zhang, Minghua 1 Loeb, Norman G. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York  2: Corresponding author address: Dr. Wuyin Lin, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 22 Issue 10, p2624; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: LONG-range weather forecasting; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Markham, Brian L.
AU  - Helder, Dennis L.
T1  - Summary of current radiometric calibration coefficients for Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+, and EO-1 ALI sensors
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/05/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 893
EP  - 903
SN  - 00344257
AB  - This paper provides a summary of the current equations and rescaling factors for converting calibrated Digital Numbers (DNs) to absolute units of at-sensor spectral radiance, Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance, and at-sensor brightness temperature. It tabulates the necessary constants for the Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+), and Advanced Land Imager (ALI) sensors. These conversions provide a basis for standardized comparison of data in a single scene or between images acquired on different dates or by different sensors. This paper forms a needed guide for Landsat data users who now have access to the entire Landsat archive at no cost. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - THEMATIC maps
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - At-sensor brightness temperature
KW  - At-sensor spectral radiance
KW  - EO-1 ALI
KW  - Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+
KW  - Radiometric characterization & calibration
KW  - Top-of-atmosphere reflectance
N1  - Accession Number: 37575621; Chander, Gyanesh 1; Email Address: gchander@usgs.gov Markham, Brian L. 2 Helder, Dennis L. 3; Affiliation:  1: SGT, Inc. 1 contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD 57198-0001, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA; Source Info: May2009, Vol. 113 Issue 5, p893; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: THEMATIC maps; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: At-sensor brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: At-sensor spectral radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: EO-1 ALI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometric characterization & calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Top-of-atmosphere reflectance; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.01.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Shindell, Drew
T1  - Protecting the environment can boost the economy.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/05/21/
VL  - 459
IS  - 7245
M3  - Letter
SP  - 321
EP  - 321
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented concerning the role of environmental economics within the parameters of sustaining natural ecosystems.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL economics
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 39987358; Shindell, Drew 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York 10025, USA drew.t.shindell@nasa.gov; Source Info: 5/21/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7245, p321; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL economics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/459321b
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
T1  - Earth science: Life battered but unbowed.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/05/21/
VL  - 459
IS  - 7245
M3  - Article
SP  - 335
EP  - 336
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article discusses research pertaining to the emergence of sustained life on Earth. Conventional theories on this subject postulate that any life existing on the planet’s surface was eradicated 100 million years after its formation due to the impact of lunar debris such as asteroids during a period known as the late heavy bombardment (LHB). While this theory has used the lineage of life stemming from prokaryotic and eukaryotic life, as well as the discovery of zircons in ancient rocks, to support its legitimacy, the present study suggests that these criteria are incorrect. Using numerical models of impact-generated heat in the Earth’s crust, the researchers posit that only 37% of the Earth’s surface was sterilized in the LHB.
KW  - LIFE (Biology)
KW  - HISTORY
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - TERRESTRIAL heat flow
KW  - IMPACT of asteroids with Earth
KW  - PROKARYOTES
KW  - EUKARYOTIC cells
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CRUST
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 39987350; Rothschild, Lynn J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Lynn J. Rothschild is at the NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA. lynn.j.rothschild@nasa.gov; Source Info: 5/21/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7245, p335; Subject Term: LIFE (Biology); Subject Term: HISTORY; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL heat flow; Subject Term: IMPACT of asteroids with Earth; Subject Term: PROKARYOTES; Subject Term: EUKARYOTIC cells; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CRUST; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/459335a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Gago-Duport, Luis
AU  - Amils, Ricardo
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Stability against freezing of aqueous solutions on early Mars.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/05/21/
VL  - 459
IS  - 7245
M3  - Article
SP  - 401
EP  - 404
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Many features of the Martian landscape are thought to have been formed by liquid water flow and water-related mineralogies on the surface of Mars are widespread and abundant. Several lines of evidence, however, suggest that Mars has been cold with mean global temperatures well below the freezing point of pure water. Martian climate modellers considering a combination of greenhouse gases at a range of partial pressures find it challenging to simulate global mean Martian surface temperatures above 273 K, and local thermal sources cannot account for the widespread distribution of hydrated and evaporitic minerals throughout the Martian landscape. Solutes could depress the melting point of water in a frozen Martian environment, providing a plausible solution to the early Mars climate paradox. Here we model the freezing and evaporation processes of Martian fluids with a composition resulting from the weathering of basalts, as reflected in the chemical compositions at Mars landing sites. Our results show that a significant fraction of weathering fluids loaded with Si, Fe, S, Mg, Ca, Cl, Na, K and Al remain in the liquid state at temperatures well below 273 K. We tested our model by analysing the mineralogies yielded by the evolution of the solutions: the resulting mineral assemblages are analogous to those actually identified on the Martian surface. This stability against freezing of Martian fluids can explain saline liquid water activity on the surface of Mars at mean global temperatures well below 273 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - CRYOSCOPY
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - CLIMATE research
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases -- Research
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 39987372; Fairén, Alberto G. 1 Davila, Alfonso F. 1 Gago-Duport, Luis 2 Amils, Ricardo 3 McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Departamento de Geociencias Marinas, Universidad de Vigo, Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36200, Spain  3: [1] Centro de Astrobiología, CSIC-INTA, Torrejón de Ardoz 28850, Madrid, Spain [2] Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco 28049, Madrid, Spain; Source Info: 5/21/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7245, p401; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CRYOSCOPY; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases -- Research; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature07978
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squyres, S. W.
AU  - Knoll, H.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Ashley, J. W.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Calvin, W. M.
AU  - Christensen, P. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Cohen, B. A.
AU  - de Souza Jr., P. A.
AU  - Edgar, L.
AU  - Farrand, W. H.
AU  - Fleischer, I.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Golombek, M. P.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
AU  - Hayes, A.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Johnson, J. R.
T1  - Exploration of Victoria Crater by the Mars Rover Opportunity.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/05/22/
VL  - 324
IS  - 5930
M3  - Article
SP  - 1058
EP  - 1061
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars rover Opportunity has explored Victoria crater, a -750-meter eroded impact crater formed in sulfate-rich sedimentary rocks. Impact-related stratigraphy is preserved in the crater walls, and meteoritic debris is present near the crater rim. The size of hematite-rich concretions decreases up-section, documenting variation in the intensity of groundwater processes. Layering in the crater walls preserves evidence of ancient wind-blown dunes. Compositional variations with depth mimic those -6 kilometers to the north and demonstrate that water-induced alteration at Meridiani Planum was regional in scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSPACECRAFT
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 40922511; Squyres, S. W. 1; Email Address: squyres@astro.cornell.edu Knoll, H. 2 Arvidson, R. E. 3 Ashley, J. W. 4 Bell III, J. F. 1 Calvin, W. M. 5 Christensen, P. R. 4 Clark, B. C. 6 Cohen, B. A. 7 de Souza Jr., P. A. 8 Edgar, L. 9 Farrand, W. H. 10 Fleischer, I. 11 Gellert, R. 12 Golombek, M. P. 13 Grant, J. 14 Grotzinger, J. 9 Hayes, A. 9 Herkenhoff, K. E. 15 Johnson, J. R. 15; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02338, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63031, USA  4: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  5: University of Nevada, Reno, Geological Sciences, Reno, NV 89557, USA  6: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Littleton, CO 80127, USA  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Right Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  8: Tasmanian Information and Communication Technologies Centre, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Castray Esplanade, Hobart TAS 7000, Australia  9: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  10: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  11: Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Mainz, Germany  12: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada  13: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  14: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA  15: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; Source Info: 5/22/2009, Vol. 324 Issue 5930, p1058; Subject Term: MICROSPACECRAFT; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blair, William P.
AU  - Oliveira, Cristina M.
AU  - LaMassa, Stephanie M.
AU  - Sankrit, Ravi
AU  - Danforth, Charles W.
T1  - FUSE Observations of O VI Absorption in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/05/24/
VL  - 1135
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 42
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We have embarked on a project to characterize the global properties of OVI absorption toward stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud observed with FUSE. OVI ISM absorption in LMC stellar spectra shows a wide range of appearances, depending on the stellar spectral type and luminosity class as well as the presence or absence of galactic or intermediate velocity absorption. We have performed a careful spectral morphology classification of the sight lines, finding 57 useful targets for measuring OVI. We also identified at least nine sight lines for which upper limits can be determined. By grouping the sight lines based on their spatial morphological characteristics (e.g. field sight lines versus targets within emission structures of various kinds), we find a) evidence for a patchy but generally distributed component of OVI, and b) significant evidence for excess OVI from nebular sub-structures associated with active star formation and superbubbles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - MAGELLANIC clouds
KW  - Far Ultraviolet
KW  - interstellar matter
KW  - Magellanic Clouds
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 40418480; Blair, William P. 1 Oliveira, Cristina M. 1 LaMassa, Stephanie M. 1 Sankrit, Ravi 2 Danforth, Charles W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.  2: SOFIA NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  3: CASA, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.; Source Info: 5/24/2009, Vol. 1135 Issue 1, p40; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: MAGELLANIC clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Far Ultraviolet; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magellanic Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3154081
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blair, William P.
AU  - Oliveira, Cristina M.
AU  - LaMassa, Stephanie M.
AU  - Gutman, Serah
AU  - Danforth, Charles W.
AU  - Fullerton, Alex W.
AU  - Sankrit, Ravi
AU  - Gruendl, Robert A.
AU  - Levay, Karen
T1  - The FUSE/MAST Magellanic Clouds Legacy Project: A New Resource for Magellanic Clouds Researchers.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/05/24/
VL  - 1135
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 45
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We announce the availability of a new online resource through the High Level Science Products program at the Multi-Mission Archive at Space Telescope (MAST). We have reprocessed the entire far-ultraviolet database of sight lines toward stars observed with the FUSE satellite in both Magellanic Clouds (187 in the LMC, 100 in the SMC) using the final version of the FUSE calibration pipeline, CalFUSE 3.2. We have made these data and various sight line summary plots and ancillary supporting information available online at the MAST site http://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/fuse_mc. We describe briefly the products available through this web site, and how they can be used to provide a summary assessment of each sight line for use in a wide range of science investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - DWARF galaxies
KW  - STARS
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - MAGELLANIC clouds
KW  - Far Ultraviolet
KW  - interstellar matter
KW  - Magellanic Clouds
KW  - OB Stars
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 40418479; Blair, William P. 1 Oliveira, Cristina M. 1 LaMassa, Stephanie M. 1 Gutman, Serah 1 Danforth, Charles W. 2 Fullerton, Alex W. 3 Sankrit, Ravi 4 Gruendl, Robert A. 5 Levay, Karen 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.  2: CASA University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA.  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.  4: SOFIA NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA.  5: University of Illinois, Dept. of Astronomy, 1002 West Green St., Urbana, IL 61801 USA.; Source Info: 5/24/2009, Vol. 1135 Issue 1, p43; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: DWARF galaxies; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: MAGELLANIC clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Far Ultraviolet; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magellanic Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: OB Stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3154082
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Dyke Dixon, W.
AU  - Sankrit, Ravi
T1  - The FUSE Survey of Diffuse O VI Emission from the Interstellar Medium.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/05/24/
VL  - 1135
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 106
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present recent results from our survey of diffuse O VI-emitting gas in the interstellar medium with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE). These observations reveal the large-scale structure of the O VI-bearing gas in the quadrant of the sky centered on the Magellanic Clouds. The most prominent feature is a layer of low-velocity O VI emission extending more than 70° from the Galactic plane. At low latitudes (|b|<30°), the emission comes from narrow, high-density interfaces in the local ISM. At high latitudes, the emission is from extended, low-density regions in the Galactic halo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - DWARF galaxies
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - Galaxy: structure
KW  - ISM: general
KW  - ISM: structure
KW  - Magellanic Clouds
KW  - ultraviolet: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 40418536; Van Dyke Dixon, W. 1 Sankrit, Ravi 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035.; Source Info: 5/24/2009, Vol. 1135 Issue 1, p102; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: DWARF galaxies; Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; Subject Term: DENSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxy: structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magellanic Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet: ISM; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3154025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boissé, P.
AU  - Rollinde, E.
AU  - Hébrard, G.
AU  - Hily-Blant, P.
AU  - Pety, J.
AU  - Federman, S. R.
AU  - Sheffer, Y.
AU  - Andersson, B. G.
AU  - Marmin, G.
AU  - des Forêts, G. Pineau
AU  - Roueff, E.
T1  - A Multiwavelength Study of the Close Environment of HD 34078.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/05/24/
VL  - 1135
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 109
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present 12CO(2–1) emission line observations of the region surrounding HD 34078, together with new optical and FUSE spectra of this runaway star. CO(2–1) emission peaks close to the star position and correlates well with IR thermal dust emission. Our follow-up of CH and CH+ optical absorption lines confirms the reality of marked time variations while FUSE spectra indicate no such changes for H2. These results are consistent with a picture in which all absorption lines in HD 34078’s spectrum originate from material located close to the star, in a dense inhomogeneous shell formed at the stellar wind/ambient cloud interface where CH and CH+ are overabundant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STARS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ISM structure
KW  - Molecular clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 40418535; Boissé, P. 1 Rollinde, E. 1 Hébrard, G. 1 Hily-Blant, P. 2 Pety, J. 2,3 Federman, S. R. 4 Sheffer, Y. 4 Andersson, B. G. 5 Marmin, G. 1 des Forêts, G. Pineau 6 Roueff, E. 7; Affiliation:  1: Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), UMR 7095 CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France.  2: IRAM, Domaine Universitaire, 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France.  3: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique, Observatoire de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.  5: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  6: IAS, Université d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.  7: LUTH, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France.; Source Info: 5/24/2009, Vol. 1135 Issue 1, p107; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: RADIATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular clouds; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3154026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stamatikos, Michael
AU  - Ukwatta, Tilan N.
AU  - Sakamoto, Takanori
AU  - Dhuga, Kalvir S.
AU  - Toma, Kenji
AU  - Pe'er, Asaf
AU  - Mészáros, Peter
AU  - Band, David L.
AU  - Norris, Jay P.
AU  - Barthelmy, Scott D.
AU  - Gehrels, Neil
T1  - The Correlation of Spectral Lag Evolution with Prompt Optical Emission in GRB 080319B.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/05/25/
VL  - 1133
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 356
EP  - 361
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We report on observations of correlated behavior between the prompt γ-ray and optical emission from GRB 080319B, which confirm that (i) they occurred within the same astrophysical source region and (ii) their respective radiation mechanisms were dynamically coupled. Our results, based upon a new cross-correlation function (CCF) methodology for determining the time-resolved spectral lag, are summarized as follows. First, the evolution in the arrival offset of prompt γ-ray photon counts between Swift-BAT 15–25 keV and 50–100 keV energy bands (intrinsic γ-ray spectral lag) appears to be anti-correlated with the arrival offset between prompt 15–350 keV γ-rays and the optical emission observed by TORTORA (extrinsic optical/γ-ray spectral lag), thus effectively partitioning the burst into two main episodes at ∼T+28±2 sec. Second, the rise and decline of prompt optical emission at ∼T+10±1 sec and ∼T+50±1 sec, respectively, both coincide with discontinuities in the hard to soft evolution of the photon index for a power law fit to 15–150 keV Swift-BAT data at ∼T+8±2 sec and ∼T+48±1 sec. These spectral energy changes also coincide with intervals whose time-resolved spectral lag values are consistent with zero, at ∼T+12±2 sec and ∼T+50±2 sec. These results, which are robust across heuristic permutations of Swift-BAT energy channels and varying temporal bin resolution, have also been corroborated via independent analysis of Konus-Wind data. This potential discovery may provide the first observational evidence for an implicit connection between spectral lags and GRB emission mechanisms in the context of canonical fireball phenomenology. Future work includes exploring a subset of bursts with prompt optical emission to probe the unique or ubiquitous nature of this result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - gamma rays: bursts
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
KW  - temporal analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 41139283; Stamatikos, Michael 1; Email Address: michael.stamatikos-1@nasa.gov Ukwatta, Tilan N. 2 Sakamoto, Takanori 1,3 Dhuga, Kalvir S. 2 Toma, Kenji 4 Pe'er, Asaf 5 Mészáros, Peter 4 Band, David L. 1,3 Norris, Jay P. 6 Barthelmy, Scott D. 1 Gehrels, Neil 1; Affiliation:  1: Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, Code 661, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  2: George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052 USA  3: CRESST, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA  4: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802 USA  5: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA  6: Space Science Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: 5/25/2009, Vol. 1133 Issue 1, p356; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma rays: bursts; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; Author-Supplied Keyword: temporal analysis; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3155918
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41139283&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arcioni, Marco
AU  - Daehler, Erik
AU  - Mueller, Robert P.
AU  - van der Meulen, Wencke
T1  - S@tMax—A space-based system enabling mobile IP applications in vehicles
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 64
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1167
EP  - 1179
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: As personal mobility increases, people spend more time in their vehicles. Furthermore, a large segment of today''s workforce is part of a growing mobile service industry. This mobile society creates opportunities to increase productivity which do not yet exist. Today''s commuting time could be better utilized and mobile business transactions could be more efficiently conducted, by integrating mobile IP wireless services in vehicles. By means of a direct to mobile user Internet access, and total IP services, integrated into automobiles, S@tMax services can empower the mobile business movement therefore improving productivity. This paper presents a commercial system architecture that will deliver an optimized solution for direct to mobile user Internet access, through an integration of a ground based network infrastructure, use of existing communications satellites and the development of a proprietary satellite system. As a result of a detailed systems engineering process, the architectures of the space, ground and infrastructures segments will be presented. Furthermore, the benefits of on-orbit servicing were examined in the S@tMax context. The approach proposed is considered as an important step towards enforcing main roadway IP coverage in the US, for near-continuous communications and services. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - MOBILE commerce
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication -- Systems engineering
KW  - INTERNET protocols
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 37572782; Arcioni, Marco 1; Email Address: marco.arcioni@esa.int Daehler, Erik 2; Email Address: erik.s.daehler@boeing.com Mueller, Robert P. 3; Email Address: rob.mueller@nasa.gov van der Meulen, Wencke 4; Email Address: w.vandermeulen@nivr.nl; Affiliation:  1: European Space Agency (ESA)/European Space Technology Centre (ESTEC) TEC-SWM, Keplerlaan, 1, 2200AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  2: The Boeing Company, 2600 Westminster Blvd. (MS: 110-SK80), Seal Beach, CA 90740-1515, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), MS: KT-C-H1, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  4: Netherlands Agency for Aerospace Programmes (NIVR), Kluyverweg 1, 2629, HS Delft, The Netherlands; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 64 Issue 11/12, p1167; Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: MOBILE commerce; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication -- Systems engineering; Subject Term: INTERNET protocols; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 454111 Electronic Shopping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454110 Electronic shopping and mail-order houses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.01.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37572782&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rummel, John D.
T1  - Special regions in Mars exploration: Problems and potential
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 64
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1293
EP  - 1297
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: “Special regions” on Mars are areas designated in the COSPAR planetary protection policy as areas that may support Earth microbes inadvertently introduced to Mars, or that may have a high probability of supporting indigenous martian life. Since absolutely nothing is known about martian life, the operational definition of a special region is a place that may allow the formation and maintenance of liquid water, on or under the surface of Mars. This paper will review the special-regions concept, the implications of recent recommendations on avoiding them, and the work of the Mars science community in providing an operational definition of those areas on Mars that are “non-special.” [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS probes
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - WATER
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 37572790; Rummel, John D. 1; Email Address: rummelj@ecu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 64 Issue 11/12, p1293; Subject Term: MARS probes; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.01.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=37572790&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daso, Endwell O.
AU  - Pritchett, Victor E.
AU  - Ten-See Wang
AU  - Ota, Dale K.
AU  - Blankson, Isaiah M.
AU  - Auslender, Aaron H.
T1  - Dynamics of Shock Dispersion and Interactions in Supersonic Freestreams with Counterflowing Jets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1313
EP  - 1326
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This study describes an active flow control concept that uses counterflowing jets to significantly modify external flowfields and strongly disperse the shock waves of supersonic and hypersonic vehicles to reduce aerothermal loads and wave drag. The potential aerothermal and aerodynamic benefits of the concepts were investigated by conducting experiments on a 2.6%-scale Apollo capsule model in Mach 3.48 and 4.0 freestreams in a trisonic blowdown wind tunnel, as well as pretest computational fluid dynamics analyses of the flowfields, with and without counterflowing jets. The model employed three sonic and two supersonic (with design Mach numbers of 2.44 and 2.94) jet nozzles with exit diameters ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 in. The schlieren images were consistent with the pretest computational fluid dynamics predictions, showing a long penetration mode jet interaction at low jet flow rates of 0.05 and 0.1 Ibm/s, whereas a short penetration mode jet was revealed at higher flow rates. The long penetration mode jet appeared to be almost fully expanded and was unsteady, with the bow shock becoming so dispersed that it was no longer discernible. High-speed camera schlieren data revealed the bow shock to be dispersed into striations of compression waves, which suddenly coalesced to a weaker bow shock with a larger standoff distance as the flow rate reached a critical value. Heat transfer results showed a significant reduction in heat flux, even giving negative heat flux for some short penetration mode interactions, indicating that the flow wetting the model had a cooling effect, instead of heating, which could significantly impact thermal protection system requirements and design. The findings suggest that high-speed vehicle design and performance can benefit from the application of counterflowing jets as an active flow control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 43347614; Daso, Endwell O. 1 Pritchett, Victor E. 1 Ten-See Wang 1 Ota, Dale K. 2 Blankson, Isaiah M. 3 Auslender, Aaron H. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812  2: HyPerComp, Inc., Westlake Village, California 91362  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p1313; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30084
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43347614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Wolf, Megan
AU  - Rogers, Ann
AU  - Rodgers, Shanna
AU  - Gillman, Patti L.
AU  - Hitchcox, Kristen
AU  - Ericson, Karen L.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Stability of analytes related to clinical chemistry and bone metabolism in blood specimens after delayed processing
JO  - Clinical Biochemistry
JF  - Clinical Biochemistry
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 42
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 907
EP  - 910
SN  - 00099120
AB  - Abstract: Objectives: We investigated the stability of 36 analytes related to clinical chemistry in a controlled storage study. Design and methods: Blood was collected from 11 subjects and was maintained for 45 min, 2.5 h, 5 h, or 24 h after phlebotomy before centrifugation. Results: Statistically significant changes were observed only for parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, zinc, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, and homocysteine. Conclusions: These studies indicate that many analytes in clinical chemistry are stable for 24 h before centrifugation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Clinical Biochemistry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CLINICAL chemistry
KW  - CLINICAL pathology
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - Centrifugation
KW  - Clinical chemistry
KW  - Nutrition assessment
KW  - Nutritional status
KW  - Space flight
N1  - Accession Number: 39783568; Zwart, Sara R. 1; Email Address: sara.zwart-1@nasa.gov Wolf, Megan 2 Rogers, Ann 3 Rodgers, Shanna 3 Gillman, Patti L. 3 Hitchcox, Kristen 4 Ericson, Karen L. 5 Smith, Scott M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX, USA  2: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA  3: Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc., Houston, TX, USA  4: Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA  5: Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN, USA  6: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 42 Issue 9, p907; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CLINICAL chemistry; Subject Term: CLINICAL pathology; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centrifugation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clinical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutrition assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutritional status; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space flight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39783568&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olson, S.L.
AU  - Miller, F.J.
AU  - Jahangirian, S.
AU  - Wichman, I.S.
T1  - Flame spread over thin fuels in actual and simulated microgravity conditions
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 156
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1214
EP  - 1226
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Most previous research on flame spread over solid surfaces has involved flames in open areas. In this study, the flame spreads in a narrow gap, as occurs in fires behind walls or inside electronic equipment. This geometry leads to interesting flame behaviors not typically seen in open flame spread, and also reproduces some of the conditions experienced by microgravity flames. Two sets of experiments are described, one involving flame spread in a Narrow Channel Apparatus (NCA) in normal gravity, and the others taking place in actual microgravity. Three primary variables are considered: flow velocity, oxygen concentration, and gap size (or effect of heat loss). When the oxidizer flow is reduced at either gravity level, the initially uniform flame front becomes corrugated and breaks into separate flamelets. This breakup behavior allows the flame to keep propagating below standard extinction limits by increasing the oxidizer transport to the flame, but has not been observed in other microgravity experiments due to the narrow samples employed. Breakup cannot be studied in typical (i.e., “open”) normal gravity test facilities due to buoyancy-induced opposed flow velocities that are larger than the forced velocities in the flamelet regime. Flammability maps are constructed that delineate the uniform regime, the flamelet regime, and extinction limits for thin cellulose samples. Good agreement is found between flame and flamelet spread rate and flamelet size between the two facilities. Supporting calculations using FLUENT suggest that for small gaps buoyancy is suppressed and exerts a negligible influence on the flow pattern for inlet velocities ⩾5 cm/s. The experiments show that in normal gravity the flamelets are a fire hazard since they can persist in small gaps where they are hard to detect. The results also indicate that the NCA quantitatively captures the essential features of the microgravity tests for thin fuels in opposed flow. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAME spread
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - FIRE extinction
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - Flame spread
KW  - Flamelet
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Narrow channel
KW  - Near-limit
KW  - Thin fuel
N1  - Accession Number: 38806371; Olson, S.L. 1; Email Address: Sandra.L.Olson@nasa.gov Miller, F.J. 2 Jahangirian, S. 3 Wichman, I.S. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 77-5, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: San Diego State University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego, CA 92182, USA  3: Michigan State University, 2555 Engineering Bldg., East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 156 Issue 6, p1214; Subject Term: FLAME spread; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame spread; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flamelet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Narrow channel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-limit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin fuel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.01.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38806371&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
AU  - Kowalik, Robert W.
AU  - Alexander, Donald J.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Elevated-temperature stress rupture in interlaminar shear of a Hi-Nic SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 69
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 890
EP  - 897
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: Assessments of stress rupture in a gas-turbine grade, melt-infiltrated Hi-NicalonTM SiC continuous fiber-reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) were made in interlaminar shear at 1316°C in air. The composite exhibited appreciable life limiting behavior with a life susceptibility parameter of ns =22–24, estimated based on a proposed phenomenological life prediction model together with experimental data. The phenomenological life model was in good agreement in prediction between the stress rupture and the constant stress-rate data, validating its appropriateness in describing the life limiting phenomenon of the CMC coupons subjected to interlaminar shear. The results of this work also indicated that the governing mechanism(s) associated with failure in interlaminar shear would have remained almost unchanged, regardless of the type of loading configurations, either in stress rupture or in constant stress rate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics)
KW  - A. Ceramic matrix composite
KW  - A. MI SiC/SiC
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
KW  - C. Life prediction
KW  - D. Interlaminar shear
KW  - D. Stress rupture
N1  - Accession Number: 38322826; Choi, Sung R. 1; Email Address: sung.choi1@navy.mil Kowalik, Robert W. 1 Alexander, Donald J. 1 Bansal, Narottam P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Naval Air Systems Command, 48066 Shaw Road, Patuxent River, MD 20670, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 69 Issue 7/8, p890; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. MI SiC/SiC; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Life prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Interlaminar shear; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Stress rupture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2008.12.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=38322826&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marion, G.M.
AU  - Crowley, J.K.
AU  - Thomson, B.J.
AU  - Kargel, J.S.
AU  - Bridges, N.T.
AU  - Hook, S.J.
AU  - Baldridge, A.
AU  - Brown, A.J.
AU  - Ribeiro da Luz, B.
AU  - de Souza Filho, C.R.
T1  - Modeling aluminum–silicon chemistries and application to Australian acidic playa lakes as analogues for Mars
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 73
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3493
EP  - 3511
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Recent Mars missions have stimulated considerable thinking about the surficial geochemical evolution of Mars. Among the major relevant findings are the presence in Meridiani Planum sediments of the mineral jarosite (a ferric sulfate salt) and related minerals that require formation from an acid–salt brine and oxidizing environment. Similar mineralogies have been observed in acidic saline lake sediments in Western Australia (WA), and these lakes have been proposed as analogues for acidic sedimentary environments on Mars. The prior version of the equilibrium chemical thermodynamic FREZCHEM model lacked Al and Si chemistries that are needed to appropriately model acidic aqueous geochemistries on Earth and Mars. The objectives of this work were to (1) add Al and Si chemistries to the FREZCHEM model, (2) extend these chemistries to low temperatures (<0°C), if possible, and (3) use the reformulated model to investigate parallels in the mineral precipitation behavior of acidic Australian lakes and hypothetical Martian brines. FREZCHEM is an equilibrium chemical thermodynamic model parameterized for concentrated electrolyte solutions using the Pitzer approach for the temperature range from <−70 to 25°C and the pressure range from 1 to 1000 bars. Aluminum chloride and sulfate mineral parameterizations were based on experimental data. Aluminum hydroxide and silicon mineral parameterizations were based on Gibbs free energy and enthalpy data. New aluminum and silicon parameterizations added 12 new aluminum/silicon minerals to this Na–K–Mg–Ca–Fe(II)–Fe(III)–Al–H–Cl–Br–SO4–NO3–OH–HCO3–CO3–CO2–O2–CH4–Si–H2O system that now contain 95 solid phases. There were similarities, differences, and uncertainties between Australian acidic, saline playa lakes and waters that likely led to the Burns formation salt accumulations on Mars. Both systems are similar in that they are dominated by (1) acidic, saline ground waters and sediments, (2) Ca and/or Mg sulfates, and (3) iron precipitates such as jarosite and hematite. Differences include: (1) the dominance of NaCl in many WA lakes, versus the dominance of Fe–Mg–Ca–SO4 in Meridiani Planum, (2) excessively low K+ concentrations in Meridiani Planum due to jarosite precipitation, (3) higher acid production in the presence of high iron concentrations in Meridiani Planum, and probably lower rates of acid neutralization and hence, higher acidities on Mars owing to colder temperatures, and (4) lateral salt patterns in WA lakes. The WA playa lakes display significant lateral variations in mineralogy and water chemistry over short distances, reflecting the interaction of acid ground waters with neutral to alkaline lake waters derived from ponded surface runoff. Meridiani Planum observations indicate that such lateral variations are much less pronounced, pointing to the dominant influence of ground water chemistry, vertical ground water movements, and aeolian processes on the Martian surface mineralogy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOCHEMICAL modeling
KW  - PLAYAS
KW  - JAROSITE
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WESTERN Australia
N1  - Accession Number: 39353535; Marion, G.M. 1; Email Address: giles.marion@dri.edu Crowley, J.K. 2 Thomson, B.J. 3 Kargel, J.S. 4 Bridges, N.T. 5 Hook, S.J. 5 Baldridge, A. 5 Brown, A.J. 6 Ribeiro da Luz, B. 2 de Souza Filho, C.R. 7; Affiliation:  1: Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA  2: US Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA  3: The Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 73 Issue 11, p3493; Subject Term: GEOCHEMICAL modeling; Subject Term: PLAYAS; Subject Term: JAROSITE; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WESTERN Australia; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2009.03.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39353535&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pompilio, Loredana
AU  - Pedrazzi, Giuseppe
AU  - Sgavetti, Maria
AU  - Cloutis, Edward A.
AU  - Craig, Michael A.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
T1  - Exponential Gaussian approach for spectral modeling: The EGO algorithm I. Band saturation
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 201
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 781
EP  - 794
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Curve fitting techniques are a widespread approach to spectral modeling in the VNIR range [Burns, R.G., 1970. Am. Mineral. 55, 1608–1632; Singer, R.B., 1981. J. Geophys. Res. 86, 7967–7982; Roush, T.L., Singer, R.B., 1986. J. Geophys. Res. 91, 10301–10308; Sunshine, J.M., Pieters, C.M., Pratt, S.F., 1990. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 6955–6966]. They have been successfully used to model reflectance spectra of powdered minerals and mixtures, natural rock samples and meteorites, and unknown remote spectra of the Moon, Mars and asteroids. Here, we test a new decomposition algorithm to model VNIR reflectance spectra and call it Exponential Gaussian Optimization (EGO). The EGO algorithm is derived from and complementary to the MGM of Sunshine et al. [Sunshine, J.M., Pieters, C.M., Pratt, S.F., 1990. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 6955–6966]. The general EGO equation has been especially designed to account for absorption bands affected by saturation and asymmetry. Here we present a special case of EGO and address it to model saturated electronic transition bands. Our main goals are: (1) to recognize and model band saturation in reflectance spectra; (2) to develop a basic approach for decomposition of rock spectra, where effects due to saturation are most prevalent; (3) to reduce the uncertainty related to quantitative estimation when band saturation is occurring. In order to accomplish these objectives, we simulate flat bands starting from pure Gaussians and test the EGO algorithm on those simulated spectra first. Then we test the EGO algorithm on a number of measurements acquired on powdered pyroxenes having different compositions and average grain size and binary mixtures of orthopyroxenes with barium sulfate. The main results arising from this study are: (1) EGO model is able to numerically account for the occurrence of saturation effects on reflectance spectra of powdered minerals and mixtures; (2) the systematic dilution of a strong absorber using a bright neutral material is not responsible for band deformation. Further work is still required in order to analyze the behavior of the EGO algorithm with respect to the saturation phenomena using more complex band shapes than pyroxene bands. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL models
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - CURVE fitting
KW  - SUNSHINE
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 39359912; Pompilio, Loredana 1; Email Address: loredana.pompilio@unipr.it Pedrazzi, Giuseppe 2 Sgavetti, Maria 1 Cloutis, Edward A. 3 Craig, Michael A. 3 Roush, Ted L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, University of Parma, Via Usberti n. 157A, Parma, I-43100, Italy  2: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Fisica, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, I-43100, Italy  3: Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave., Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 201 Issue 2, p781; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL models; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: CURVE fitting; Subject Term: SUNSHINE; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.01.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39359912&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - lyomoto, N.
AU  - Bandler, S. R.
AU  - Brekosky, R. P.
AU  - Brown, A.-D.
AU  - Chervenak, J. A.
AU  - Eckart, M. E.
AU  - Finkbeiner, F. M.
AU  - Kelley, R. L.
AU  - Kilbourne, C. A.
AU  - Porter, F. S.
AU  - Sadleir, J. E.
AU  - Smith, S. J.
T1  - Heat Sinking, Crosstalk, and Temperature Uniformity for Large Close-Packed Microcalorimeter Arrays.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Y1  - 2009/06//Jun2009 Part 1 of 3
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 557
EP  - 560
SN  - 10518223
AB  - In a large close-packed array of x-ray microcalorimeters, sufficient heat sinking is important to minimize thermal crosstalk between pixels and to make the bath temperature of all the pixels uniform. We have measured crosstalk in our 8 x 8 pixel arrays. The shapes of the thermal crosstalk pulses are reproduced well as a convolution of heat input from the source pixel and the thermal decay in the receiver pixel. The amount of the thermal crosstalk is clearly dependent on the degree of electrothermal feedback. We have compared the magnitude of thermal crosstalk with and without a heat-sinking copper layer on the backside of the silicon frame as a function of distance between the source and receiver pixels. Using the results obtained, we have estimated the degradation of energy resolution that is expected as a function of count rate. We have also studied the temperature distribution within an array due to continuous heating from the TES bias to estimate impacts on the uniformity of the pixel performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT sinks (Electronics)
KW  - CROSSTALK
KW  - CALORIMETERS
KW  - RESOLUTION (Optics)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - Microcalorimeters
KW  - transition-edge sensors
KW  - x-ray spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 43868762; lyomoto, N. 1,2; Email Address: iyomoto@n.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp Bandler, S. R. 2; Email Address: sbandler@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Brekosky, R. P. 2; Email Address: regis@lheapop.gsfc.nasa.gov Brown, A.-D. 2; Email Address: abrown@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov Chervenak, J. A. 2; Email Address: jcherven@pop500.gsfc.nasa.gov Eckart, M. E. 2; Email Address: eckart@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Finkbeiner, F. M. 2; Email Address: fmf@mitkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Kelley, R. L. 2; Email Address: kelley@lheapop.gsfc.nasa.gov Kilbourne, C. A. 2; Email Address: cak@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Porter, F. S. 2; Email Address: porter@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Sadleir, J. E. 2; Email Address: sadleir@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov Smith, S. J. 2; Email Address: sjs@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Nuclear Engineering and Management Department, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Source Info: Jun2009 Part 1 of 3, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p557; Subject Term: HEAT sinks (Electronics); Subject Term: CROSSTALK; Subject Term: CALORIMETERS; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Optics); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microcalorimeters; Author-Supplied Keyword: transition-edge sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: x-ray spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017704
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43868762&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hui Zhang
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Application of Flow Boiling for Thermal Management of Electronics in Microgravity and Reduced-Gravity Space Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 466
EP  - 477
SN  - 15213331
AB  - Large density differences between liquid and vapor create buoyancy effects in the presence of a gravitational field. Such effects can play an important role in two-phase fluid flow and heat transfer, especially critical heat flux (CHF). CHF poses significant risk to electronic devices, and the ability to predict its magnitude is crucial to both the safety and reliability of these devices. Variations in the gravitational field perpendicular to a flow boiling surface can take several forms, from flows at different orientations at 19e to the microgravity environment of planetary orbit, to the reduced gravity on the Moon and Mars, and the high g's encountered in fighter aircraft during fast aerial maneuvers. While high coolant velocities can combat the detrimental effects of reduced gravity, limited power budget in space systems imposes stringent constraints on coolant flow rate. Thus, the task of dissipating the heat must be accomplished with the lowest possible flow velocity while safely avoiding CHF. In this paper, flow-boiling CHF is investigated on Earth as well as in reduced gravity parabolic flight experiments using FC-72 as working fluid. CHF showed sensitivity to gravity at low velocities, with microgravity yielding significantly lower CHF values compared to those at lge. Differences in CHF value decreased with increasing flow velocity until a velocity limit was reached above which the effects of gravity became inconsequential. This proves existing data, correlations, and models developed from 19e studies can be employed with confidence to design reduced gravity thermal management systems, provided the flow velocity is maintained above this limit. This paper discusses two powerful predictive tools. The first, which consist of three dimensionless criteria, centers on determination of the velocity limit. The second is a theoretically based model for flow boiling CHF in reduced gravity below this velocity limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Components & Packaging Technologies is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL fields
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances -- Cooling
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Electronic cooling
KW  - microgravity
KW  - phase change
N1  - Accession Number: 43927204; Hui Zhang 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL) and Purdue University International Electronic Cooling Alliance (PUIECA), West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p466; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL fields; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances -- Cooling; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic cooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase change; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Cartoon or Caricatures; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TCAPT.2008.2004413
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43927204&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, Stuart A.
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
T1  - The Retrieval of Profiles of Particulate Extinction from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) Data: Algorithm Description.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1105
EP  - 1119
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - This work describes the algorithms used for the fully automated retrieval of profiles of particulate extinction coefficients from the attenuated backscatter data acquired by the lidar on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft. The close interaction of the Hybrid Extinction Retrieval Algorithms (HERA) with the preceding processes that detect and classify atmospheric features (i.e., cloud and aerosol layers) is described within the context of the analysis of measurements from scenes of varying complexity. Two main components compose HERA: a top-level algorithm that selects the analysis pathway, the order of processing, and the analysis parameters, depending on the nature and spatial extent of the atmospheric features to be processed; and a profile solver or “extinction engine,” whose task it is to retrieve profiles of particulate extinction and backscatter coefficients from specified sections of an atmospheric scene defined by the top-level algorithm. The operation of these components is described using synthetic data derived from Lidar In Space Technology Experiment (LITE) measurements. The performance of the algorithms is illustrated using CALIPSO measurements acquired during the mission on 1 January 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 42321479; Young, Stuart A. 1; Email Address: stuart.young@csiro.au Vaughan, Mark A. 2; Affiliation:  1: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p1105; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JTECHA1221.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=42321479&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ohwon Kwon
AU  - Tranter, Michael
AU  - Jones, W. Keith
AU  - Sankovic, John M.
AU  - Banerjee, Rupak K.
T1  - Differential Translocation of Nuclear Factor-KappaB in a Cardiac Muscle Cell Line Under Gravitational Changes.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 131
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 18
SN  - 01480731
AB  - Microgravity (micro-g) environments have been shown to elicit dysregulation of specific genes in a wide assay of cell types. It is known that the activation of transcription factors and molecular signaling pathways influence various physiological outcomes associated with stress and adaptive responses. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the most prevailing oxidation-sensitive transcription factors. It is hypothesized that simulated microgravity would activate NF-κB and its downstream transcriptional networks, thus suggesting a role for NF-κB in microgravity induced muscle atrophy. To investigate the activation of NF-κB in a rat cardiac cell line (H9c2) under micro-g, rotating wall vessel bioreactors were used to simulate micro-g conditions. Western blotting revealed that mean nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit was 69% for micro-g and 46% for unit-g dynamic control as compared with a 30 min TNF-α positive control (p<0.05, n=3). The results from western blots were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which showed 66% for micro-g and 45% for dynamic control as compared with positive control (p<0.05, n=3). These results show significant differential translocation of NF-κB p65 under simulated micro-g. These results may be expanded upon to explain physiological changes such as muscle atrophy and further identify the regulatory pathways and effector molecules activated under exposure to micro-g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanical Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MYOCARDIUM
KW  - CELL lines
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - NF-kappa B (DNA-binding protein)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - biomechanics
KW  - cardiology
KW  - cellular biophysics
KW  - enzymes
KW  - genetics
KW  - molecular biophysics
KW  - muscle
KW  - zero gravity experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 43386575; Ohwon Kwon 1 Tranter, Michael 2 Jones, W. Keith 2 Sankovic, John M. 3 Banerjee, Rupak K. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221  2: Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221  3: Microgravity Science Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 131 Issue 6, p18; Subject Term: MYOCARDIUM; Subject Term: CELL lines; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: NF-kappa B (DNA-binding protein); Subject Term: OXIDATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: cellular biophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular biophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: muscle; Author-Supplied Keyword: zero gravity experiments; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.3128718
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43386575&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ohwon Kwon
AU  - Tranter, Michael
AU  - Jones, W. Keith
AU  - Sankovic, John M.
AU  - Banerjee, Rupak K.
T1  - Differential Translocation of Nuclear Factor-KappaB in a Cardiac Muscle Cell Line Under Gravitational Changes.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 131
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 19
SN  - 00221481
AB  - Microgravity (micro-g) environments have been shown to elicit dysregulation of specific genes in a wide assay of cell types. It is known that the activation of transcription factors and molecular signaling pathways influence various physiological outcomes associated with stress and adaptive responses. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the most prevailing oxidation-sensitive transcription factors. It is hypothesized that simulated microgravity would activate NF-κB and its downstream transcriptional networks, thus suggesting a role for NF-κB in microgravity induced muscle atrophy. To investigate the activation of NF-κB in a rat cardiac cell line (H9c2) under micro-g, rotating wall vessel bioreactors were used to simulate micro-g conditions. Western blotting revealed that mean nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunit was 69% for micro-g and 46% for unit-g dynamic control as compared with a 30 min TNF-α positive control (p<0.05, n=3). The results from western blots were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which showed 66% for micro-g and 45% for dynamic control as compared with positive control (p<0.05, n=3). These results show significant differential translocation of NF-κB p65 under simulated micro-g. These results may be expanded upon to explain physiological changes such as muscle atrophy and further identify the regulatory pathways and effector molecules activated under exposure to micro-g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Heat Transfer is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NF-kappa B (DNA-binding protein)
KW  - MYOCARDIUM
KW  - MUSCLE cells
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - GENES
KW  - TRANSCRIPTION factors
KW  - HEART cells
KW  - BIOREACTORS
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects
KW  - biomechanics
KW  - cardiology
KW  - cellular biophysics
KW  - enzymes
KW  - genetics
KW  - molecular biophysics
KW  - muscle
KW  - zero gravity experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 43386557; Ohwon Kwon 1 Tranter, Michael 2 Jones, W. Keith 2 Sankovic, John M. 3 Banerjee, Rupak K. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221  2: Department of Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221  3: Microgravity Science Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  4: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 131 Issue 6, p19; Subject Term: NF-kappa B (DNA-binding protein); Subject Term: MYOCARDIUM; Subject Term: MUSCLE cells; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: GENES; Subject Term: TRANSCRIPTION factors; Subject Term: HEART cells; Subject Term: BIOREACTORS; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: cellular biophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular biophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: muscle; Author-Supplied Keyword: zero gravity experiments; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.3128718
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43386557&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
T1  - Multispectrum analysis of 12CH4 in the ν 4 band: I.: Air-broadened half widths, pressure-induced shifts, temperature dependences and line mixing
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 110
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 639
EP  - 653
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Lorentz air-broadened half widths, pressure-induced shifts and their temperature dependences have been measured for over 430 transitions (allowed and forbidden) in the ν 4 band of 12CH4 over the temperature range 210–314K. A multispectrum non linear least squares fitting technique was used to simultaneously fit a large number of high-resolution (0.006–0.01cm−1) absorption spectra of pure methane and mixtures of methane diluted with dry air. Line mixing was detected for pairs of A-, E-, and F-species transitions in the P- and R-branch manifolds and quantified using the off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements formalism. The measured parameters are compared to air- and N2-broadened values reported in the literature for the ν 4 and other bands. The dependence of the various spectral line parameters upon the tetrahedral symmetry species and rotational quantum numbers of the transitions is discussed. All data used in the present work were recorded using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE -- Spectra
KW  - RADIATIVE transitions
KW  - PRESSURE broadening
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - KITT Peak (Ariz.)
KW  - ARIZONA
KW  - Air broadening
KW  - FTIR spectroscopy
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Methane
KW  - Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements
KW  - Pressure-induced shifts
KW  - Temperature dependence
N1  - Accession Number: 37817978; Smith, M.A.H. 1; Email Address: Mary.Ann.H.Smith@nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 2 Predoi-Cross, A. 3 Devi, V. Malathy 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Department of Physics, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 110 Issue 9/10, p639; Subject Term: METHANE -- Spectra; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transitions; Subject Term: PRESSURE broadening; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: KITT Peak (Ariz.); Subject Term: ARIZONA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTIR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-induced shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asnani, Vivake
AU  - Delap, Damon
AU  - Creager, Colin
T1  - The development of wheels for the Lunar Roving Vehicle
JO  - Journal of Terramechanics
JF  - Journal of Terramechanics
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 46
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 103
SN  - 00224898
AB  - Abstract: The Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) was developed for NASA’s Apollo program so astronauts could cover a greater range on the lunar surface, carry more science instruments, and return more soil and rock samples than by foot. Because of the unique lunar environment, the creation of flexible wheels was the most challenging and time consuming aspect of the LRV development. Wheels developed for previous lunar systems were not sufficient for use with this manned vehicle; therefore, several new designs were created and tested. Based on criteria set by NASA, the choices were narrowed down to two: the wire mesh wheel developed by General Motors, and the hoop spring wheel developed by the Bendix Corporation. Each of these underwent intensive mechanical, material, and terramechanical analyses, and in the end, the wire mesh wheel was chosen for the LRV. Though the wire mesh wheel was determined to be the best choice for its particular application, it may be insufficient towards achieving the objectives of future lunar missions that could require higher tractive capability, increased weight capacity, or extended life. Therefore lessons learned from the original LRV wheel development and suggestions for future Moon wheel projects are offered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Terramechanics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHEELS
KW  - LUNAR surface vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 39785143; Asnani, Vivake 1; Email Address: vivake.m.asnani@nasa.gov Delap, Damon 2 Creager, Colin 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 23-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 86-12, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 46 Issue 3, p89; Subject Term: WHEELS; Subject Term: LUNAR surface vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jterra.2009.02.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGuire, Patrick C.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Brown, Adrian J.
AU  - Fraeman, Abigail A.
AU  - Marzo, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Frank Morgan, M.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Pelkey, Shannon M.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Seelos, Frank P.
AU  - Smith, Michael D.
AU  - Wendt, Lorenz
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
T1  - An improvement to the volcano-scan algorithm for atmospheric correction of CRISM and OMEGA spectral data
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 57
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 815
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The observations of Mars by the CRISM and OMEGA hyperspectral imaging spectrometers require correction for photometric, atmospheric and thermal effects prior to the interpretation of possible mineralogical features in the spectra. Here, we report on a simple, yet non-trivial, adaptation to the commonly-used volcano-scan correction technique for atmospheric CO2, which allows for the improved detection of minerals with intrinsic absorption bands at wavelengths between 1.9 and 2.1μm. This volcano-scan technique removes the absorption bands of CO2 by ensuring that the Lambert albedo is the same at two wavelengths: 1.890 and 2.011μm, with the first wavelength outside the CO2 gas bands and the second wavelength deep inside the CO2 gas bands. Our adaptation to the volcano-scan technique moves the first wavelength from 1.890μm to be instead within the gas bands at 1.980μm, and for CRISM data, our adaptation shifts the second wavelength slightly, to 2.007μm. We also report on our efforts to account for a slight ∼0.001μm shift in wavelengths due to thermal effects in the CRISM instrument. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL spectrometers
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Correction for atmospheric CO2
KW  - Hyperspectral imaging
KW  - Mars
KW  - Surface Hydration
N1  - Accession Number: 40115905; McGuire, Patrick C. 1; Email Address: mcguirep@uchicago.edu Bishop, Janice L. 2,3 Brown, Adrian J. 2 Fraeman, Abigail A. 4 Marzo, Giuseppe A. 3 Frank Morgan, M. 5 Murchie, Scott L. 5 Mustard, John F. 4 Parente, Mario 2 Pelkey, Shannon M. 4 Roush, Ted L. 3 Seelos, Frank P. 5 Smith, Michael D. 6 Wendt, Lorenz 1 Wolff, Michael J. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Planetary Science and Remote Sensing, Freie Universitaet, Malteserstr. 74, D-12249 Berlin, Germany  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, USA  5: Applied Physics Lab, John Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA  6: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p809; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectrometers; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correction for atmospheric CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface Hydration; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2009.03.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wesley, Wayne R.
AU  - Simpson, James R.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Pignatiello Jr., Joseph J.
T1  - Prediction variance and G-criterion location for split-plot designs.
JO  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
JF  - Quality & Reliability Engineering International
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 381
EP  - 395
SN  - 07488017
AB  - Prediction variance properties for completely randomized designs (CRD) are fairly well covered in the response surface literature for both spherical and cuboidal designs. This paper evaluates the impact of changes in the variance ratio on the prediction properties of second-order split-plot designs (SPD). It is shown that the variance ratio not only influences the value of the G-criterion but also its location, in contrast with the G-criterion tendencies in CRD. An analytical method, rather than a heuristic optimization algorithm, is used to compute the prediction variance properties, which include the maximum, minimum and integrated variances for second-order SPD. The analytical equations are functions of the design parameters, radius and variance ratio. As a result, the exact values for these quantities are reported along with the location of the maximum prediction variance used in the G-criterion. The two design spaces of the whole plot and the subplot are studied and as a result, relative efficiency values for these distinct spaces are suggested. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quality & Reliability Engineering International is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORECASTING
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
KW  - GRAPHIC methods in statistics
KW  - design optimality
KW  - G-criterion
KW  - prediction variance
KW  - response surface designs
KW  - split-plot designs
N1  - Accession Number: 39557221; Wesley, Wayne R. 1; Email Address: wwesley3@hotmail.com Simpson, James R. 2 Parker, Peter A. 3 Pignatiello Jr., Joseph J. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Engineering, University of Technology, Jamaica, 237 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6, Jamaica  2: Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, U.S.A.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p381; Subject Term: FORECASTING; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Subject Term: GRAPHIC methods in statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: design optimality; Author-Supplied Keyword: G-criterion; Author-Supplied Keyword: prediction variance; Author-Supplied Keyword: response surface designs; Author-Supplied Keyword: split-plot designs; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 15 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qre.975
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yan, W. Z.
AU  - Li, J. C.
AU  - Goebel, K. F.
T1  - On improving performance of aircraft engine gas path fault diagnosis.
JO  - Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control
JF  - Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 31
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 275
EP  - 291
PB  - Sage Publications, Ltd.
SN  - 01423312
AB  - Aircraft engine fault diagnosis plays a crucial role in cost-effective operations of aircraft engines. However, designing an engine fault diagnostic system with the desired performance is a challenging task, because of several characteristics associated with aircraft engines. Geared towards achieving the highest possible performance of fault diagnosis, this paper explores strategies on improving diagnosis performance. Specifically, we introduce flight regime mapping and a two-level multiple classifier system as means to improve classification performance. By designing a real-world aircraft fault diagnostic system, we demonstrate that the strategies adopted in this study are effective in improving the performance of aircraft engine fault diagnostic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - PERFORMANCE standards
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - aircraft engines
KW  - classification
KW  - classifier fusion
KW  - diagnostics
KW  - gas path diagnosis
KW  - multiple classifier systems
KW  - neural networks
KW  - support vector machine
N1  - Accession Number: 42989099; Yan, W. Z. 1; Email Address: yan@crd.ge.com Li, J. C. 2 Goebel, K. F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Industrial Artificial Intelligence Lab, GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA  2: Department of MANE, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12181, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 31 Issue 3/4, p275; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE standards; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: classifier fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas path diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple classifier systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: support vector machine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 8 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saha, Bhaskar
AU  - Goebel, Kai
AU  - Christophersen, Jon
T1  - Comparison of prognostic algorithms for estimating remaining useful life of batteries.
JO  - Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control
JF  - Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control
Y1  - 2009/06//
VL  - 31
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 308
PB  - Sage Publications, Ltd.
SN  - 01423312
AB  - The estimation of remaining useful life (RUL) of a faulty component is at the centre of system prognostics and health management. It gives operators a potent tool in decision making by quantifying how much time is left until functionality is lost. RUL prediction needs to contend with multiple sources of errors, like modelling inconsistencies, system noise and degraded sensor fidelity, which leads to unsatisfactory performance from classical techniques like autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and extended Kalman filtering (EKF). The Bayesian theory of uncertainty management provides a way to contain these problems. The relevance vector machine (RVM), the Bayesian treatment of the well known support vector machine (SVM), a kernel-based regression/classification technique, is used for model development. This model is incorporated into a particle filter (PF) framework, where statistical estimates of noise and anticipated operational conditions are used to provide estimates of RUL in the form of a probability density function (pdf). We present here a comparative study of the above-mentioned approaches on experimental data collected from Li-ion batteries. Batteries were chosen as an example of a complex system whose internal state variables are either inaccessible to sensors or hard to measure under operational conditions. In addition, battery performance is strongly influenced by ambient environmental and load conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ELECTRIC batteries
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - autoregressive integrated moving average
KW  - battery prognostics
KW  - extended Kalman filtering
KW  - particle filter
KW  - relevance vector machine
KW  - remaining useful life
KW  - uncertainty management
N1  - Accession Number: 42989100; Saha, Bhaskar 1; Email Address: bhaskar.saha1@nasa.gov Goebel, Kai 2 Christophersen, Jon 3; Affiliation:  1: Mission Critical Technologies, Inc. (NASA ARC), 2041 Rosecrans Ave., Ste. 354, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 31 Issue 3/4, p293; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC batteries; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: autoregressive integrated moving average; Author-Supplied Keyword: battery prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: extended Kalman filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: particle filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: relevance vector machine; Author-Supplied Keyword: remaining useful life; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty management; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335910 Battery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luongo, Cesar A.
AU  - Masson, Philippe J.
AU  - Nam, Taewoo
AU  - Mavris, Dimitri
AU  - Kim, Hyun D.
AU  - Brown, Gerald V.
AU  - Waters, Mark
AU  - Hall, David
T1  - Next Generation More-Electric Aircraft: A Potential Application for HTS Superconductors.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Y1  - 2009/06/02/Jun2009 Part 2 of 3
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1068
SN  - 10518223
AB  - Sustainability in the aviation industry calls for aircraft that are significantly quieter and more fuel efficient than today's fleet. Achieving this will require revolutionary new concepts, in particular, electric propulsion. Superconducting machines offer the only viable path to achieve the power densities needed in airborne applications. This paper outlines the main issues involved in using superconductors for aeropropulsion. We review our investigation of the feasibility of superconducting electric propulsion, which integrate for the first time, the multiple disciplines and areas of expertise needed to design electric aircraft. It is shown that superconductivity is clearly the enabling technology for the more efficient turbo-electric aircraft of the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRLINE industry
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTING composites
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - electric propulsion
KW  - superconducting motor
N1  - Accession Number: 43923669; Luongo, Cesar A. 1; Email Address: luongo@magnet.fsu.edu Masson, Philippe J. 2; Email Address: pmasson@magnetlab.com Nam, Taewoo 3; Email Address: taewoo.nam@asdl.gatech.edu Mavris, Dimitri 3 Kim, Hyun D. 4; Email Address: Hyun.D.Kim@nasa.gov Brown, Gerald V. 4 Waters, Mark 5; Email Address: mwaters@asdl.gatech.edu Hall, David 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florida A&M-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA  2: Center for Advanced Power Systems, Tallahassee, FL, USA  3: Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory, Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland OH, USA  5: DHC Engineering, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2009 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p1055; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTING composites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: superconducting motor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 11 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TASC.2009.2019021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Makida, Yasuhiro
AU  - Yamamoto, Akira
AU  - Yoshimura, Koji
AU  - Tanaka, Ken-ichi
AU  - Suzuki, Jun'ichi
AU  - Matsuda, Shinya
AU  - Hasegawa, Masata
AU  - Horikoshi, Atsushi
AU  - Shinoda, Ryoko
AU  - Sakai, Kenichi
AU  - Mizumaki, Shoichi
AU  - Onto, Reiko
AU  - Matsukawa, Yousuke
AU  - Kusumoto, Akira
AU  - Mitchell, John W.
AU  - Streitmatter, Robert E.
AU  - Hams, Thomas
AU  - Sasaki, Makoto
AU  - Thakur, Neeharika
T1  - he BESS-Polar Ultra-Thin Superconducting Solenoid Magnet and Its Operational Characteristics During Long-Duration Scientific Ballooning Over Antarctica.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Y1  - 2009/06/02/Jun2009 Part 2 of 3
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1315
EP  - 1319
SN  - 10518223
AB  - An ultra-thin superconducting solenoid has been developed for a cosmic-ray spectrometer ballooning over Antarctica, which is named BESS-Polar II. The coil with a diameter of 0.9 m, a length of 1.4 m and a thickness of 3.5 mm, is wound with high-strength aluminum stabilized superconductor and provides 0.8 T in the spectrometer. Based on the experience at the BESS-Polar-I solenoid flight for nine days in 2004, the BESS-Polar-Il solenoid, which was cryogenically improved, realized a persistent current mode operation for 25 days in the second flight campaign in December 2007 though January 2008. It has contributed to accumulate the cosmic-ray observation data with 4700 million events and 16 terabyte in a hard disk unit. This report will describe the second solenoid performance during the flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLENOIDS
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - DATA disk drives
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - HARD disks (Computer science)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Aluminum stabilized superconductor
KW  - balloon-borne experiment
KW  - BESS
KW  - detector magnet
KW  - thin solenoid
N1  - Accession Number: 43923723; Makida, Yasuhiro 1; Email Address: yasuhiro.rnakida@kek.jp Yamamoto, Akira 1 Yoshimura, Koji 1 Tanaka, Ken-ichi 1 Suzuki, Jun'ichi 1 Matsuda, Shinya 1 Hasegawa, Masata 1 Horikoshi, Atsushi 1 Shinoda, Ryoko 2 Sakai, Kenichi 2 Mizumaki, Shoichi 3 Onto, Reiko 4 Matsukawa, Yousuke 4 Kusumoto, Akira 4 Mitchell, John W. 5 Streitmatter, Robert E. 5 Hams, Thomas 5 Sasaki, Makoto 5 Thakur, Neeharika 6; Affiliation:  1: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  2: University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  3: Toshiba, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan  4: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center (NASAIGSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  6: University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208 USA; Source Info: Jun2009 Part 2 of 3, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p1315; Subject Term: SOLENOIDS; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: DATA disk drives; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: HARD disks (Computer science); Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum stabilized superconductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: balloon-borne experiment; Author-Supplied Keyword: BESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: detector magnet; Author-Supplied Keyword: thin solenoid; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TASC.2009.2017946
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Rodriguez, Sébastien
AU  - Le Mouélic, Stéphane
AU  - Rannou, Pascal
AU  - Tobie, Gabriel
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Griffith, Caitlin A.
AU  - Hirtzig, Mathieu
AU  - Pitman, Karly M.
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Nicholson, Phil D.
T1  - Global circulation as the main source of cloud activity on Titan.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/06/04/
VL  - 459
IS  - 7247
M3  - Letter
SP  - 678
EP  - 682
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Clouds on Titan result from the condensation of methane and ethane and, as on other planets, are primarily structured by circulation of the atmosphere. At present, cloud activity mainly occurs in the southern (summer) hemisphere, arising near the pole and at mid-latitudes from cumulus updrafts triggered by surface heating and/or local methane sources, and at the north (winter) pole, resulting from the subsidence and condensation of ethane-rich air into the colder troposphere. General circulation models predict that this distribution should change with the seasons on a 15-year timescale, and that clouds should develop under certain circumstances at temperate latitudes (∼40°) in the winter hemisphere. The models, however, have hitherto been poorly constrained and their long-term predictions have not yet been observationally verified. Here we report that the global spatial cloud coverage on Titan is in general agreement with the models, confirming that cloud activity is mainly controlled by the global circulation. The non-detection of clouds at latitude ∼40° N and the persistence of the southern clouds while the southern summer is ending are, however, both contrary to predictions. This suggests that Titan’s equator-to-pole thermal contrast is overestimated in the models and that its atmosphere responds to the seasonal forcing with a greater inertia than expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 40831290; Rodriguez, Sébastien 1,2 Le Mouélic, Stéphane 1 Rannou, Pascal 3,4 Tobie, Gabriel 1 Baines, Kevin H. 5 Barnes, Jason W. 6 Griffith, Caitlin A. 7 Hirtzig, Mathieu 8 Pitman, Karly M. 5 Sotin, Christophe 1,5 Brown, Robert H. 7 Buratti, Bonnie J. 5 Clark, Roger N. 9 Nicholson, Phil D. 10; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, CNRS, UMR 6112, Université de Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44000 Nantes, France  2: Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris 7, CNRS UMR-7158, CEA-Saclay/DSM/IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France  3: Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, CNRS UMR-6089, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France  4: LATMOS, CNRS UMR-7620, Université Versailles-St-Quentin, 91371 Verrières-le-Buisson, France  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8099, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  7: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0092, USA  8: AOSS, PSL, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA  9: USGS, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225, USA  10: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Source Info: 6/4/2009, Vol. 459 Issue 7247, p678; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/nature08014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clancy, T.C.
AU  - Frankland, S.J.V.
AU  - Hinkley, J.A.
AU  - Gates, T.S.
T1  - Molecular modeling for calculation of mechanical properties of epoxies with moisture ingress
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2009/06/05/
VL  - 50
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2736
EP  - 2742
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Atomistic models of epoxy structures were built in order to assess the effect of crosslink degree, moisture content and temperature on the calculated properties of a typical representative generic epoxy. Each atomistic model had approximately 7000 atoms and was contained within a periodic boundary condition cell with edge lengths of about 4nm. Four atomistic models were built with a range of crosslink degree and moisture content. Each of these structures was simulated at three temperatures: 300K, 350K, and 400K. Elastic constants were calculated for these structures by monitoring the stress tensor as a function of applied strain deformations to the periodic boundary conditions. The mechanical properties showed reasonably consistent behavior with respect to these parameters. The moduli decreased with decreasing crosslink degree and with increasing temperature. The moduli generally decreased with increasing moisture content, although this effect was not as consistent as that seen for temperature and crosslink degree. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - CROSSLINKED polymers
KW  - CHEMICAL structure
KW  - MOLECULAR models
KW  - Epoxy
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 40115943; Clancy, T.C. 1; Email Address: Thomas.C.Clancy@nasa.gov Frankland, S.J.V. 1 Hinkley, J.A. 2 Gates, T.S. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 50 Issue 12, p2736; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: CROSSLINKED polymers; Subject Term: CHEMICAL structure; Subject Term: MOLECULAR models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epoxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.04.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Alexandrov, Natalia
T1  - Essay competition winner: Your virtual twin.
JO  - New Scientist
JF  - New Scientist
Y1  - 2009/06/06/
VL  - 202
IS  - 2711
M3  - Essay
SP  - 28
EP  - 28
PB  - Reed Business Information Limited (New Scientist)
SN  - 02624079
AB  - An essay analyzing the possible use of a virtual twin to assess the medication needed by humans is presented. It cites the case of Peter who was born in December 2010 and undergoes medical check-ups, inoculations, and treatment for a broken arm and colds--information that makes his virtual twin grow. It notes that a computational representation of an individual would yield quantifiable measurements of the model's reactions. The essay also discusses the concern about the integration of subsystem models into one systemic model.
KW  - ESSAY (Literary form)
KW  - VIRTUAL machine systems
KW  - HUMAN beings
KW  - DRUG utilization
KW  - MEDICINE
N1  - Accession Number: 41772854; Alexandrov, Natalia 1; Affiliation:  1: Researcher, NASA's Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: 6/6/2009, Vol. 202 Issue 2711, p28; Subject Term: ESSAY (Literary form); Subject Term: VIRTUAL machine systems; Subject Term: HUMAN beings; Subject Term: DRUG utilization; Subject Term: MEDICINE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Essay; Full Text Word Count: 682
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian-Bing Xu
AU  - Guerreiro, Nelson
AU  - Hubbard, James
AU  - Jin Ho Kang
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Harrison, Joycelyn
T1  - One-dimensional contact mode interdigitated center of pressure sensor.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/06/08/
VL  - 94
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 233503
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A one-dimensional contact mode interdigitated center of pressure sensor (CMIPS) has been developed. The experimental study demonstrated that the CMIPS has the capability to measure the overall pressure as well as the center of pressure in one dimension simultaneously. A theoretical model for the CMIPS is established here based on the equivalent circuit of the configuration of the CMIPS as well as the material properties of the sensor. The experimental results match well with theoretical modeling predictions. A system mapped with two or more pieces of the CMIPS can be used to obtain information from the pressure distribution in multidimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement -- Instruments
KW  - INTERDIGITAL transducers
KW  - SYSTEMS development
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 41573060; Tian-Bing Xu 1; Email Address: tbxu@nianet.org Guerreiro, Nelson 1,2 Hubbard, James 1,2 Jin Ho Kang 1 Park, Cheol 1,3 Harrison, Joycelyn 4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA  2: University of Maryland, 3181 Martin Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, 6A West Taylor Street, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: 6/8/2009, Vol. 94 Issue 23, p233503; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement -- Instruments; Subject Term: INTERDIGITAL transducers; Subject Term: SYSTEMS development; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3152010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunkley, J.
AU  - Amblard, A.
AU  - Baccigalupi, C.
AU  - Betoule, M.
AU  - Chuss, D.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Delabrouille, J.
AU  - Dickinson, C.
AU  - Dobler, G.
AU  - Dotson, J.
AU  - Eriksen, H. K.
AU  - Finkbeiner, D.
AU  - Fixsen, D.
AU  - Fosalba, P.
AU  - Fraisse, A.
AU  - Hirata, C.
AU  - Kogut, A.
AU  - Kristiansen, J.
AU  - Lawrence, C.
AU  - Magalhães, A. M.
T1  - Prospects for polarized foreground removal.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/06/09/
VL  - 1141
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 222
EP  - 264
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In this report we discuss the impact of polarized foregrounds on a future CMBPol satellite mission. We review our current knowledge of Galactic polarized emission at microwave frequencies, including synchrotron and thermal dust emission. We use existing data and our understanding of the physical behavior of the sources of foreground emission to generate sky templates, and start to assess how well primordial gravitational wave signals can be separated from foreground contaminants for a CMBPol mission. At the estimated foreground minimum of ∼100 GHz, the polarized foregrounds are expected to be lower than a primordial polarization signal with tensor-to-scalar ratio r = 0.01, in a small patch (∼1%) of the sky known to have low Galactic emission. Over 75% of the sky we expect the foreground amplitude to exceed the primordial signal by about a factor of eight at the foreground minimum and on scales of two degrees. Only on the largest scales does the polarized foreground amplitude exceed the primordial signal by a larger factor of about 20. The prospects for detecting an r = 0.01 signal including degree-scale measurements appear promising, with 5σr∼0.003 forecast from multiple methods. A mission that observes a range of scales offers better prospects from the foregrounds perspective than one targeting only the lowest few multipoles. We begin to explore how optimizing the composition of frequency channels in the focal plane can maximize our ability to perform component separation, with a range of typically 40<=ν<=300 GHz preferred for ten channels. Foreground cleaning methods are already in place to tackle a CMBPol mission data set, and further investigation of the optimization and detectability of the primordial signal will be useful for mission design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYNCHROTRON radiation
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - GALACTIC dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 41889233; Dunkley, J. 1,2,3; Email Address: j.dunkley@physics.ox.ac.uk Amblard, A. 4 Baccigalupi, C. 5 Betoule, M. 6 Chuss, D. 7 Cooray, A. 4 Delabrouille, J. 6 Dickinson, C. 8,9 Dobler, G. 10 Dotson, J. 11 Eriksen, H. K. 12 Finkbeiner, D. 10 Fixsen, D. 7 Fosalba, P. 13 Fraisse, A. 3 Hirata, C. 14 Kogut, A. 7 Kristiansen, J. 12 Lawrence, C. 9 Magalhães, A. M. 15; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK  2: Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA  3: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA  4: Center for Cosmology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  5: SISSA, Via Beirut, Trieste 34014, Italy  6: Laboratoire AstroParticule et Cosmologie, UMR 7164, CNRS and Observatoire de Paris, 10, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France  7: Code 665, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  8: Infrared Processing & Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, MC 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St.-MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  11: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 240-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  12: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway  13: Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai, IEEC-CSIC, F. de Ciencies, Torre C5 par-2, Barcelona 08193, Spain  14: Division of Physics, Mathematics, & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 130-33, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  15: IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil; Source Info: 6/9/2009, Vol. 1141 Issue 1, p222; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRON radiation; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: GALACTIC dynamics; Number of Pages: 43p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 7 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3160888
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fraisse, Aurélien A.
AU  - Brown, Jo-Anne C.
AU  - Dobler, Gregory
AU  - Dotson, Jessie L.
AU  - Draine, Bruce T.
AU  - Frisch, Priscilla C.
AU  - Haverkorn, Marijke
AU  - Hirata, Christopher M.
AU  - Jansson, Ronnie
AU  - Lazarian, Alex
AU  - Magalhães, Antonio Mario
AU  - Waelkens, André
AU  - Wolleben, Maik
T1  - Foreground Science Knowledge and Prospects.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/06/09/
VL  - 1141
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 310
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Detecting “B-mode” (i.e., divergence free) polarization in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) would open a new window on the very early Universe. However, the polarized microwave sky is dominated by polarized Galactic dust and synchrotron emissions, which may hinder our ability to test inflationary predictions. In this paper, we report on our knowledge of these “Galactic foregrounds,” as well as on how a CMB satellite mission aiming at detecting a primordial B-mode signal (“CMBPol”) will contribute to improving it. We review the observational and analysis techniques used to constrain the structure of the Galactic magnetic field, whose presence is responsible for the polarization of Galactic emissions. Although our current understanding of the magnetized interstellar medium is somewhat limited, dramatic improvements in our knowledge of its properties are expected by the time CMBPol flies. Thanks to high resolution and high sensitivity instruments observing the whole sky at frequencies between 30 GHz and 850 GHz, CMBPol will not only improve this picture by observing the synchrotron emission from our galaxy, but also help constrain dust models. Polarized emission form interstellar dust indeed dominates over any other signal in CMBol’s highest frequency channels. Observations at these wavelengths, combined with ground-based studies of starlight polarization, will therefore enable us to improve our understanding of dust properties and of the mechanism(s) responsible for the alignment of dust grains with the Galactic magnetic field. CMBPol will also shed new light on observations that are presently not well understood. Morphological studies of anomalous dust and synchrotron emissions will indeed constrain their natures and properties, while searching for fluctuations in the emission from heliospheric dust will test our understanding of the circumheliospheric interstellar medium. Finally, acquiring more information on the properties of extra-Galactic sources will be necessary in order to maximaize the cosmological constrainsts extracted from CMBPol’s observations of CMB lensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC background radiation
KW  - POLARIZATION microscopy
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - GALACTIC dynamics
KW  - SYNCHROTRON radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 41889232; Fraisse, Aurélien A. 1; Email Address: fraisse@astro.princeton.edu Brown, Jo-Anne C. 2 Dobler, Gregory 3 Dotson, Jessie L. 4 Draine, Bruce T. 1 Frisch, Priscilla C. 5 Haverkorn, Marijke 6,7,8 Hirata, Christopher M. 9 Jansson, Ronnie 10 Lazarian, Alex 11 Magalhães, Antonio Mario 12 Waelkens, André 13 Wolleben, Maik 14; Affiliation:  1: Princeton University Observatory, Peyton Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  2: Centre for Radio Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  5: University of Chicago, 5460 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  6: Jansky Fellow, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  7: Astronomy Department, UC Berkeley, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  8: ASTRON, P.O. Box 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands  9: Caltech, Mail Code 130-33, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  10: Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, NYU, NY, NY 10003, USA  11: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA  12: IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil  13: Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Garching 85741, Germany  14: Covington Fellow, NRC Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, DRAO, Penticton, BV V2A 6J9, Canada; Source Info: 6/9/2009, Vol. 1141 Issue 1, p265; Subject Term: COSMIC background radiation; Subject Term: POLARIZATION microscopy; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: GALACTIC dynamics; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRON radiation; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3160889
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalton, J. B.
AU  - Palmer-Moloney, L. J.
AU  - Rogoff, D.
AU  - Hlavka, C.
AU  - Duncan, C.
T1  - Remote monitoring of hypersaline environments in San Francisco Bay, CA, USA.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/06/10/
VL  - 30
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2933
EP  - 2949
SN  - 01431161
AB  - As part of a historic remediation project, approximately 61 km2 of salt evaporation ponds in the southern portion of San Francisco Bay, CA (USA) are scheduled for restoration to natural tidal marsh habitat over the next several decades. We have investigated the correlation of remotely sensed infrared spectral information with in situ field measurements and sampling, and evaluated the usefulness of a remote sensing approach to monitor salinity and population distributions of microbial communities in the hypersaline ponds. The Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) instrument operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory has created a ten-year archive of spectral information concerning these ponds. We utilized spectral signatures of microbial populations that are sensitive to salinity, and trained a supervised classification algorithm to identify physical parameters from an AVIRIS scene based upon microbe spectra gathered in the field using a portable visible to near-infrared (VNIR) spectrometer. Our results indicate that automated analyses of hyperspectral observations are capable of detecting variations in microbial populations and discriminating corresponding salinity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring -- Remote sensing
KW  - SALINE waters
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - PONDS
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL remediation
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SAN Francisco Bay (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - JET Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 42120517; Dalton, J. B. 1,2,3; Email Address: dalton@jpl.nasa.gov Palmer-Moloney, L. J. 2,4 Rogoff, D. 1,2 Hlavka, C. 2 Duncan, C. 5; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 515 Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena CA 91109, USA  4: Barton College, PO Box 5000, Wilson, NC 27893-7000, USA  5: Oregon State University, 202 Strand Agricultural Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 30 Issue 11, p2933; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: SALINE waters; Subject Term: SALINITY; Subject Term: PONDS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL remediation; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SAN Francisco Bay (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: JET Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160802558642
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
AU  - Mathai, Sagi
AU  - Li, Xuema
AU  - Logeeswaran, V. J.
AU  - Islam, M. Saif
AU  - Lohn, Andrew
AU  - Onishi, Takehiro
AU  - Straznicky, Joseph
AU  - Wang, Shih-Yuan
AU  - Williams, R. Stanley
T1  - Ensembles of indium phosphide nanowires: physical properties and functional devices integrated on non-single crystal platforms.
JO  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
JF  - Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing
Y1  - 2009/06/15/
VL  - 95
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1013
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09478396
AB  - A new route to grow an ensemble of indium phosphide single-crystal semiconductor nanowires is described. Unlike conventional epitaxial growth of single-crystal semiconductor films, the proposed route for growing semiconductor nanowires does not require a single-crystal semiconductor substrate. In the proposed route, instead of using single-crystal semiconductor substrates that are characterized by their long-range atomic ordering, a template layer that possesses short-range atomic ordering prepared on a non-single-crystal substrate is employed. On the template layer, epitaxial information associated with its short-range atomic ordering is available within an area that is comparable to that of a nanowire root. Thus the template layer locally provides epitaxial information required for the growth of semiconductor nanowires. In the particular demonstration described in this paper, hydrogenated silicon was used as a template layer for epitaxial growth of indium phosphide nanowires. The indium phosphide nanowires grown on the hydrogenerated silicon template layer were found to be single crystal and optically active. Simple photoconductors and pin-diodes were fabricated and tested with the view towards various optoelectronic device applications where group III–V compound semiconductors are functionally integrated onto non-single-crystal platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR films
KW  - EPITAXY
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - INDIUM phosphide
KW  - 78.55.Cr
KW  - 78.66.Ed
KW  - 81.05.Ea
KW  - 81.15.Gh
N1  - Accession Number: 39564101; Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Email Address: nobby@soe.ucsc.edu Mathai, Sagi 3 Li, Xuema 3 Logeeswaran, V. J. 4 Islam, M. Saif 4 Lohn, Andrew 1,2 Onishi, Takehiro 1,2 Straznicky, Joseph 3 Wang, Shih-Yuan 3 Williams, R. Stanley 3; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, Univ. of California Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Information and Quantum Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94034, USA  4: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 95 Issue 4, p1005; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR films; Subject Term: EPITAXY; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: INDIUM phosphide; Author-Supplied Keyword: 78.55.Cr; Author-Supplied Keyword: 78.66.Ed; Author-Supplied Keyword: 81.05.Ea; Author-Supplied Keyword: 81.15.Gh; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00339-009-5110-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balk, Melike
AU  - Bose, Milton
AU  - Ertem, Gözen
AU  - Rogoff, Dana A.
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
T1  - Oxidation of water to hydrogen peroxide at the rock–water interface due to stress-activated electric currents in rocks
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2009/06/15/
VL  - 283
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 92
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Common igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks contain dormant defects, which release electronic charge carriers when stressed. Rocks thereby behave like a battery. The charge carriers of interest are defect electrons h•, e.g. electronic states associated with O− in a matrix of O2−. Known as “positive holes” or pholes for short, the h• travel along stress gradients over distances on the order of meters in the laboratory and kilometers in the field. At rock–water interfaces the h• turn into •O radicals, e.g. highly reactive oxygen species, which oxidize H2O to H2O2. For every two h• charge carriers one H2O2 molecule is formed. In the laboratory the battery circuit is closed by running a Cu wire from the stressed to the unstressed rock. In the field closure of the circuit may be provided through the electrolytical conductivity of water. The discovery of h• charge carriers, their stress-activation, and their effect on Earth''s surface environment may help better understand the oxidation of the early Earth and the evolution of early life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - ELECTRIC properties
KW  - ROCK deformation
KW  - CHARGE transfer
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - WATER
KW  - HYDROGEN peroxide
KW  - SOLID-liquid interfaces
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - METAMORPHIC rocks
KW  - IGNEOUS rocks
KW  - early Earth
KW  - early life
KW  - electric currents
KW  - hydrogen peroxide
KW  - oxidation
KW  - rock battery
KW  - rock–water interface
N1  - Accession Number: 40116410; Balk, Melike 1; Email Address: M.Balk@nioo.knaw.nl Bose, Milton 2; Email Address: milton.bose@gmail.com Ertem, Gözen 3; Email Address: gozen1ertem@gmail.com Rogoff, Dana A. 4; Email Address: drogoff@mail.arc.nasa.gov Rothschild, Lynn J. 1; Email Address: Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov Freund, Friedemann T. 1,2,4; Email Address: friedemann.T.freund@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Code SSX, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 515 N Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 283 Issue 1-4, p87; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC properties; Subject Term: ROCK deformation; Subject Term: CHARGE transfer; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: HYDROGEN peroxide; Subject Term: SOLID-liquid interfaces; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: METAMORPHIC rocks; Subject Term: IGNEOUS rocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: early Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: early life; Author-Supplied Keyword: electric currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: rock battery; Author-Supplied Keyword: rock–water interface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.03.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Wu
AU  - Nahak, Chandal
T1  - Regularized gap function as penalty term for constrained minimization problems
JO  - Journal of Mathematical Analysis & Applications
JF  - Journal of Mathematical Analysis & Applications
Y1  - 2009/06/15/
VL  - 354
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 575
EP  - 583
SN  - 0022247X
AB  - Abstract: By using the regularized gap function for variational inequalities, Li and Peng introduced a new penalty function for the problem of minimizing a twice continuously differentiable function in closed convex subset of the n-dimensional space . Under certain assumptions, they proved that the original constrained minimization problem is equivalent to unconstrained minimization of . The main purpose of this paper is to give an in-depth study of those properties of the objective function that can be extended from the feasible set to the whole by . For example, it is proved that the objective function has bounded level sets (or is strongly coercive) on the feasible set if and only if has bounded level sets (or is strongly coercive) on . However, the convexity of the objective function does not imply the convexity of when the objective function is not quadratic, no matter how small α is. Instead, the convexity of the objective function on the feasible set only implies the invexity of on . Moreover, a characterization for the invexity of is also given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Mathematical Analysis & Applications is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VARIATIONAL inequalities (Mathematics)
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - MAXIMA & minima
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - DIFFERENTIABLE functions
KW  - CONVEX sets
KW  - CONVEX domains
KW  - Bounded level set
KW  - Constrained optimization
KW  - Exact penalty function
KW  - Invexity
KW  - Merit function
KW  - Regularized gap function
KW  - Strong coerciveness
KW  - Unconstrained reformulation
N1  - Accession Number: 36607622; Li, Wu 1; Email Address: w.li@nasa.gov Nahak, Chandal 2; Email Address: cnahak@maths.iitkgp.ernet.in; Affiliation:  1: Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 442, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 354 Issue 2, p575; Subject Term: VARIATIONAL inequalities (Mathematics); Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: MAXIMA & minima; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIABLE functions; Subject Term: CONVEX sets; Subject Term: CONVEX domains; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bounded level set; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constrained optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exact penalty function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Invexity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Merit function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regularized gap function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strong coerciveness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unconstrained reformulation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jmaa.2008.12.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - AIlwood, Abigail C.
AU  - Grotzinger, John P.
AU  - Knoll, Andrew H.
AU  - Burch, Ian W.
AU  - Anderson, Mark S.
AU  - Coleman, Max L.
AU  - Kanik, Isik
T1  - Controls on development and diversity of Early Archean stromatolites.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2009/06/16/
VL  - 106
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 9548
EP  - 9555
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The ≈3,450-million-year-old Strelley Pool Formation in Western Australia contains a reef-like assembly of laminated sedimentary accretion structures (stromatolites) that have macroscale characteristics suggestive of biological influence. However, direct microscale evidence of biology-namely organic microbial remains or biosedimentary fabrics-has to date eluded discovery in the extensively-recrystallized rocks. Recently-identified outcrops with relatively good textural preservation record microscale evidence of primary sedimentary processes, including some that indicate probable microbial mat formation. Furthermore, we find relict fabrics and organic layers that covary with stromatolite morphology, linking morphologic diversity to changes in sedimentation, sea-floor mineral precipitation, and inferred microbial mat development. Thus, the most direct and compelling signatures of life in the Strelley Pool Formation are those observed at the microscopic scale. By examining spatiotemporal changes in microscale characteristics it is possible not only to recognize the presence of probable microbial mats during stromatolite development, but also to infer aspects of the biological inputs to stromatolite morphogenesis. The persistence of an inferred biological signal through, changing environmental circumstances and stromatolite types indicates that benthic microbial populations adapted to shifting environmental conditions in early oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Archaean
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology
KW  - WESTERN Australia
KW  - biosignature carbonate
KW  - microbe paleontology
KW  - reef
N1  - Accession Number: 43225181; AIlwood, Abigail C. 1,2; Email Address: abigail.c.allwood@jpl.nasa.gov Grotzinger, John P. 3; Email Address: grotz@gps.coltech.edu Knoll, Andrew H. 4 Burch, Ian W. 2 Anderson, Mark S. 1 Coleman, Max L. 1 Kanik, Isik 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109  2: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia  3: Department of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125  4: Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138; Source Info: 6/16/2009, Vol. 106 Issue 24, p9548; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Archaean; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology; Subject Term: WESTERN Australia; Author-Supplied Keyword: biosignature carbonate; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbe paleontology; Author-Supplied Keyword: reef; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0903323106
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamaleev, Nail K.
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
T1  - A systematic methodology for constructing high-order energy stable WENO schemes
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2009/06/20/
VL  - 228
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4248
EP  - 4272
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: A third-order Energy Stable Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (ESWENO) finite difference scheme developed by the authors of this paper [N.K. Yamaleev, M.H. Carpenter, Third-order energy stable WENO scheme, J. Comput. Phys. 228 (2009) 3025–3047] was proven to be stable in the energy norm for both continuous and discontinuous solutions of systems of linear hyperbolic equations. Herein, a systematic approach is presented that enables “energy stable” modifications for existing WENO schemes of any order. The technique is demonstrated by developing a one-parameter family of fifth-order upwind-biased ESWENO schemes including one sixth-order central scheme; ESWENO schemes up to eighth order are presented in the . We also develop new weight functions and derive constraints on their parameters, which provide consistency, much faster convergence of the high-order ESWENO schemes to their underlying linear schemes for smooth solutions with arbitrary number of vanishing derivatives, and better resolution near strong discontinuities than the conventional counterparts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - MATHEMATICAL programming
KW  - EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - Artificial dissipation
KW  - Energy estimate
KW  - High-order finite difference methods
KW  - Numerical stability
KW  - Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes
N1  - Accession Number: 37571347; Yamaleev, Nail K. 1; Email Address: nkyamale@ncat.edu Carpenter, Mark H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA  2: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 228 Issue 11, p4248; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL programming; Subject Term: EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy estimate; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order finite difference methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairlie, T. Duncan
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Gilliland, Alice
AU  - Bradley Pierce, R.
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
AU  - Weber, Stephanie
AU  - Engel-Cox, Jill
AU  - Rogers, Raymond R.
AU  - Tikvart, Joe
AU  - Scheffe, Rich
AU  - Dimmick, Fred
T1  - Lagrangian sampling of 3-D air quality model results for regional transport contributions to sulfate aerosol concentrations at Baltimore, MD, in summer 2004
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2009/06/21/
VL  - 43
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 3275
EP  - 3288
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We use ensemble-mean Lagrangian sampling of a 3-D Eulerian air quality model, CMAQ, together with ground-based ambient monitors data from several air monitoring networks and satellite (MODIS) observations to provide source apportionment and regional transport vs. local contributions to sulfate aerosol and PM2.5 concentrations at Baltimore, MD, for summer 2004. The Lagrangian method provides estimates of the chemical and physical evolution of air arriving in the daytime boundary layer at Baltimore. Study results indicate a dominant role for regional transport contributions on those days when sulfate air pollution is highest in Baltimore, with a principal transport pathway from the Ohio River Valley (ORV) through southern Pennsylvania and Maryland, consistent with earlier studies. Thus, reductions in sulfur emissions from the ORV under the EPA''s Clean Air Interstate Rule may be expected to improve particulate air quality in Baltimore during summer. The Lagrangian sampling of CMAQ offers an inexpensive and complimentary approach to traditional methods of source apportionment based on multivariate observational data analysis, and air quality model emissions separation. This study serves as a prototype for the method applied to Baltimore. EPA is establishing a system to allow air quality planners to readily produce and access equivalent results for locations of their choice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR quality -- Research
KW  - LAGRANGIAN functions
KW  - SULFATES -- Environmental aspects
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - SUMMER
KW  - AIR pollution -- Research
KW  - BALTIMORE (Md.) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - BALTIMORE (Md.)
KW  - MARYLAND
KW  - Air quality
KW  - CAIR
KW  - CMAQ
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Source apportionment modeling
KW  - Sulfate
N1  - Accession Number: 39893947; Fairlie, T. Duncan 1; Email Address: t.d.fairlie@larc.nasa.gov Szykman, James 2 Gilliland, Alice 2 Bradley Pierce, R. 3 Kittaka, Chieko 4 Weber, Stephanie 5 Engel-Cox, Jill 6 Rogers, Raymond R. 4 Tikvart, Joe 7 Scheffe, Rich 7 Dimmick, Fred 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA  3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Services, Madison, WI 53706, USA  4: Science Applications International Corporation (SSAI), Hampton, VA 23666, USA  5: Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, OH 43201, USA  6: Battelle Memorial Institute, Arlington, VA 22201, USA  7: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 43 Issue 20, p3275; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Research; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN functions; Subject Term: SULFATES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: SUMMER; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Research; Subject Term: BALTIMORE (Md.) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: BALTIMORE (Md.); Subject Term: MARYLAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Source apportionment modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfate; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wohl, Christopher J.
AU  - Belcher, Marcus A.
AU  - Ghose, Sayata
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - Modification of the surface properties of polyimide films using polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane deposition and oxygen plasma exposure
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2009/06/30/
VL  - 255
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 8135
EP  - 8144
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Topographically rich surfaces were generated by spray-coating organic solutions of a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, octakis(dimethylsilyloxy)silsesquioxane (POSS), on Kapton® HN films and exposing them to radio frequency generated oxygen plasma. Changes in both surface chemistry and topography were observed. High-resolution scanning electron microscopy indicated substantial modification of the POSS-coated polyimide surface topographies as a result of oxygen plasma exposure. Water contact angles varied from 104° for unexposed POSS-coated surfaces to ∼5° for samples exposed for 5h. Modulation of the dispersive and polar contributions to the surface energy was determined using van Oss Good Chaudhury theory. Changes in surface energy are related to potential adhesive interactions with lunar dust simulant particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - PLASTIC films
KW  - POLYHEDRA
KW  - CONTACT angle
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Oxygen plasma
KW  - Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane
KW  - Polyimide
N1  - Accession Number: 42962694; Wohl, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: christopher.j.wohl@nasa.gov Belcher, Marcus A. 2 Ghose, Sayata 2 Connell, John W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Fellow at NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666-6147, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Jun2009, Vol. 255 Issue 18, p8135; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: PLASTIC films; Subject Term: POLYHEDRA; Subject Term: CONTACT angle; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326114 Plastic film and sheet manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326113 Unlaminated Plastics Film and Sheet (except Packaging) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326112 Plastics Packaging Film and Sheet (including Laminated) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.05.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Venkatapathy, E.
AU  - Laub, B.
AU  - Hartman, G.J.
AU  - Arnold, J.O.
AU  - Wright, M.J.
AU  - Allen, G.A.
T1  - Thermal protection system development, testing, and qualification for atmospheric probes and sample return missions: Examples for Saturn, Titan and Stardust-type sample return
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 138
EP  - 150
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The science community has continued to be interested in planetary entry probes, aerocapture, and sample return missions to improve our understanding of the Solar System. As in the case of the Galileo entry probe, such missions are critical to the understanding not only of the individual planets, but also to further knowledge regarding the formation of the Solar System. It is believed that Saturn probes to depths corresponding to 10 bars will be sufficient to provide the desired data on its atmospheric composition. An aerocapture mission would enable delivery of a satellite to provide insight into how gravitational forces cause dynamic changes in Saturn’s ring structure that are akin to the evolution of protoplanetary accretion disks. Heating rates for the “shallow” Saturn probes, Saturn aerocapture, and sample Earth return missions with higher re-entry speeds (13–15km/s) from Mars, Venus, comets, and asteroids are in the range of 1–6KW/cm2. New, mid-density thermal protection system (TPS) materials for such probes can be mission enabling for mass efficiency and also for use on smaller vehicles enabled by advancements in scientific instrumentation. Past consideration of new Jovian multiprobe missions has been considered problematic without the Giant Planet arcjet facility that was used to qualify carbon phenolic for the Galileo probe. This paper describes emerging TPS technologies and the proposed use of an affordable, small 5MW arcjet that can be used for TPS development, in test gases appropriate for future planetary probe and aerocapture applications. Emerging TPS technologies of interest include new versions of the Apollo Avcoat material and a densified variant of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA). Application of these and other TPS materials and the use of other facilities for development and qualification of TPS for Saturn, Titan, and Sample Return missions of the Stardust class with entry speeds from 6.0 to 28.6km/s are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Thermodynamics
KW  - PROBES (Electronic instruments)
KW  - PLANETARY engineering
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Thermal protection system
N1  - Accession Number: 39784180; Venkatapathy, E. 1; Email Address: Ethiraj.Venkatapathy-1@nasa.gov Laub, B. 2 Hartman, G.J. 3 Arnold, J.O. 4; Email Address: James.O.Arnold@nasa.gov Wright, M.J. 5 Allen, G.A. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center (Retired), MS229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: University of California, Santa Cruz/NASA ARC, MS229-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS230-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: ELORET Corporation, 465 S. Mathilda Ave., Suite 103, Sunnyale, CA 94086, USA; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p138; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: PROBES (Electronic instruments); Subject Term: PLANETARY engineering; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal protection system; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2008.12.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baran, Oleh
AU  - DeGennaro, Alfred
AU  - Ramé, Enrique
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
T1  - DEM Simulation of a Schulze Ring Shear Tester.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/07//7/1/2009
VL  - 1145
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 409
EP  - 412
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Schulze ring shear tester allows measurement of yield loci for bulk granular solids and of the friction between the solids and the container wall material. These measurements are required inputs in a systematic design method for hoppers. The measurements are subject to test-to-test variations caused by the combined effects of several factors, such as cell filling technique, sampling technique, particle size and shape distribution of the loaded sample and cell size relative to the particle size. One difficulty for the experimenter is to decide which factors are most important in the shear test outcome. In this paper, we validate Discrete Element Model (DEM) simulation parameters with physical measurements of the JSC-1A lunar soil simulant, and inform about the relative impact of the various parameters to the shear test outcome. Specific tests will include sensitivity studies using DEM simulations that probe the effects of particle-to-cell size ratio, particle size distribution, particle shape, shear modulus and inter-particle adhesion and friction on shear failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BULK solids
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - SOLIDS
KW  - GRANULAR materials
KW  - DEM
KW  - EDEM
KW  - granular flow
KW  - Schulze ring shear test
N1  - Accession Number: 42961414; Baran, Oleh 1 DeGennaro, Alfred 2 Ramé, Enrique 2 Wilkinson, Allen 2; Affiliation:  1: DEM Solutions Inc, Lebanon, NH, USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.; Source Info: 7/1/2009, Vol. 1145 Issue 1, p409; Subject Term: BULK solids; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Subject Term: SOLIDS; Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: DEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: EDEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: granular flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Schulze ring shear test; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3179948
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
T1  - EARTH OBSERVATIONS FROM SPACE: THE FIRST 50 YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC ACHIEVEMENTS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 90
IS  - 7
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 1019
EP  - 1021
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article reviews the book "Earth Observations from Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements."
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - EARTH Observations From Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 43810557; Fishman, Jack 1; Affiliation:  1: Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 90 Issue 7, p1019; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: EARTH Observations From Space: The First 50 Years of Scientific Achievements (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackenzie, Anne I.
AU  - Rao, Sadasiva M.
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
T1  - Electromagnetic Scattering From Arbitrarily Shaped Dielectric Bodies Using Paired Pulse Vector Basis Functions and Method of Moments.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2076
EP  - 2083
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - A pair of orthogonal pulse vector basis functions is demonstrated for the calculation of electromagnetic scattering from arbitrarily-shaped material bodies. The basis functions are intended for use with triangular surface patch modeling applied to a method of moments (MoM) solution. For modeling the behavior of dielectric materials, several authors have used the same set of basis functions to represent equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents. This practice can result in zero-valued or very small diagonal terms in the moment matrix and an unstable numerical solution. To provide a more stable solution, we have developed orthogonally placed, pulse basis vectors: one for the electric surface current and one for the magnetic surface current. This combination ensures strongly diagonal moment matrices. The basis functions are suitable for electric field integral equation (EFIE), magnetic field integral equation (HFIE), and combined field formulations. In this work, we describe the implementations for EFIE and HFLE formulations and show example results for canonical figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOMENTS method (Statistics)
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - INTEGRAL equations
KW  - VECTOR analysis
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
KW  - Basis functions
KW  - boundary integral equations
KW  - conducting materials
KW  - dielectric materials
KW  - electromagnetic scattering
KW  - method of moments (MoM)
N1  - Accession Number: 43426415; Mackenzie, Anne I. 1; Email Address: anne.mackenzie-1@nasa.gov Rao, Sadasiva M. 2 Baginski, Michael E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Electromagnetics and Sensors Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 USA  2: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5201 USA; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p2076; Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Subject Term: INTEGRAL equations; Subject Term: VECTOR analysis; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Basis functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: boundary integral equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: conducting materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: dielectric materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetic scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: method of moments (MoM); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2021891
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
T1  - A theoretical basis for identifying the sound sources in a turbulent flow.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
EP  - 299
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - A space-time filtering approach is used to divide an unbounded turbulent flow into its radiating and non-radiating components. The result is then used to clarify a number of issues including the possibility of identifying the sources of the sound in such flows. It is also used to investigate the efficacy of some of the more recent computational approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE & time
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - AIR flow
N1  - Accession Number: 36659031; Goldstein, M. E. 1; Email Address: marvin.e.goldstein@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p283; Subject Term: SPACE & time; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: AIR flow; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burian, Barbara K.
AU  - Feldman, Jolene
T1  - Certified Flight Instructor Weather Training: Perspectives and Practices.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul-Sep2009
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 234
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Although weather-related accidents in general aviation continue to claim many lives every year, what pilots are taught about weather during their earliest training is largely unknown. Certified flight instructors were surveyed regarding the weather training they provide to primary student pilots. Participants typically report spending 10 to 12 hr on weather instruction with their primary students. Instrument instructors (CFIIs) report placing significantly greater emphasis on 17 of 34 weather topics when instructing primary student pilots than instructors who are only rated to instruct primary student pilots (CFIs). Similarly, participants who instruct under FAR Part 141 or in academic settings state that they place significantly more emphasis on almost all of the weather topics than those participants who only instruct under FAR Part 61. Generally, all participants report that their own mastery of weather content is significantly better than the quality of the instruction they provide on that content to primary student pilots. Implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - PRIVATE flying
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Piloting
N1  - Accession Number: 42746605; Burian, Barbara K. 1; Email Address: Barbara.K.Burian@nasa.gov Feldman, Jolene 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: San Jose State University, San Jose, California.; Source Info: Jul-Sep2009, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p217; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: PRIVATE flying; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Piloting; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508410902983870
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=42746605&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panzarella, Charles
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
T1  - One-dimensional model of evaporation and condensation in the presence of a noncondensable gas with applications to cryogenic fluid storage
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 15/16
M3  - Article
SP  - 3767
EP  - 3777
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: This paper considers the one-dimensional flow of vapor between two liquid surfaces due to evaporation and condensation taking into account diffusion through a noncondensable gas and nonequilibrium interfacial kinetics. An explicit relationship is developed for the mass flux J as a function of the characteristic mole ratio of noncondensable gas X, and several simplifications are made to arrive at an effective heat transfer coefficient. A characteristic mole ratio is also identified that demarcates the transition to a kinetically-limited regime when from a diffusively-limited regime when . Numerical results obtained over a wide range of parameters show that even with a small amount of noncondensable gas, the interfacial temperature drop can be quite significant primarily because of diffusional resistance, an observation that has important practical implications, especially in the field of cryogenic fluid storage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVAPORATION (Chemistry)
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Cryogenic storage
KW  - Evaporation
KW  - Noncondensable
KW  - Two-phase flow
KW  - Zero boil off
N1  - Accession Number: 39783885; Panzarella, Charles 1 Kassemi, Mohammad 2; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Equity Engineering Group, 20600 Chagrin Blvd. Suite 1200, Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Mailstop 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 52 Issue 15/16, p3767; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaporation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noncondensable; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-phase flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zero boil off; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2009.02.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=39783885&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Ballistic Impact and Crashworthiness Response of Aerospace Structures.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 200
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue including "Multiterrain Earth Landing Systems Applicable for Manned Space Capsules," "Orion Crew Member Injury Predictions During Land and Water Landings," and "Shuttle Debris Impact Analysis: Post Return to Flight Real-Time Mission Support."
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - SPACE shuttles
N1  - Accession Number: 41573753; Goldberg, Robert K. 1; Email Address: Robert.K.Goldberg@nasa.gov Binienda, Wieslaw K. 2; Email Address: wbinienda@uakron.edu; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Professor, Dept. Of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3905; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p199; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(199)
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
T1  - Multiterrain Earth Landing Systems Applicable for Manned Space Capsules.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 213
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A key element of the President’s Vision for Space Exploration is the development of a new space transportation system to replace Shuttle that will enable manned exploration of the moon, Mars, and beyond. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has created the Constellation Program to develop this architecture, which includes the Ares launch vehicle and Orion manned spacecraft. The Orion spacecraft must carry six astronauts and its primary structure should be reusable, if practical. These requirements led the Constellation Program to consider a baseline land landing on return to earth. To assess the landing system options for Orion, a review of current operational parachute landing systems such as those used for the F-111 escape module and the Soyuz is performed. In particular, landing systems with airbags and retrorockets that would enable reusability of the Orion capsule are investigated. In addition, Apollo tests and analyses conducted in the 1960s for both water and land landings are reviewed. Finally, test data and dynamic finite-element simulations are presented to understand land landings for the Orion spacecraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Space shuttle orbiter
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 41573752; Fasanella, Edwin L. 1; Email Address: edwin.l.fasanella@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Structural Dynamic Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, 12 West Bush Rd., Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p201; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space shuttle orbiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(201)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41573752&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lawrence, Charles
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
AU  - Tabiei, Ala
T1  - Orion Crew Member Injury Predictions during Land and Water Landings.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 214
EP  - 221
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A review of astronaut whole body impact tolerance is discussed for land or water landings of the next generation manned space capsule named Orion. LS-DYNA simulations of Orion capsule landings are performed to produce a low, moderate, and high probability of injury. The paper evaluates finite-element (FE) seat and occupant simulations for assessing injury risk for the Orion crew and compares these simulations to whole body injury models commonly referred to as the Brinkley criteria. The FE seat and crash dummy models allow for varying the occupant restraint systems, cushion materials, side constraints, flailing of limbs, and detailed seat/occupant interactions to minimize landing injuries to the crew. The FE crash test dummies used in conjunction with the Brinkley criteria provides a useful set of tools for predicting potential crew injuries during vehicle landings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Piloting
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - LANDING of airplanes
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Injuries
KW  - Predictions
KW  - Safety
KW  - Space exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 41573741; Lawrence, Charles 1; Email Address: lawrence@nasa.gov Littell, Justin D. 2; Email Address: justin.d.littell@grc.nasa.go Fasanella, Edwin L. 3; Email Address: edwin.l.fasanella@nasa.gov Tabiei, Ala 4; Email Address: atabiei@aol.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  2: Univ. of Akron, Akron, Ohio  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  4: Multi-Physics Simulation Engineering, Mason, OH; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p214; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Piloting; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: LANDING of airplanes; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Injuries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(214)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41573741&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Firko, Jason L.
AU  - Albert, Jeremie J.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Boyer, Alexander M.
AU  - Gabrys, Jonathan W.
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
T1  - Shuttle Debris Impact Analysis: Postreturn to Flight Real-Time Mission Support.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 222
EP  - 228
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Prior to the Columbia accident, quantitative impact assessment tools were not available to analyze debris impacts onto the Shuttle’s thermal protection system. Following the accident, the Columbia Accident Investigation Board recommended changes to increase the safety of future shuttle flights; one component was the development of physics-based analytical capabilities to evaluate damage due to debris impacts. This paper will present an overview of real time debris assessment impact analysis conducted by the Boeing Philadelphia Advanced Structural Analysis Impact Analysis Team in support of Space Shuttle missions since Return to Flight, the first mission after the Columbia accident. Specifically, analyses performed in support of missions STS-114, 121 and 117 will be presented. For each of these cases, an overview of the structural and material model development will be provided, and results of each analysis will be presented followed by a discussion of how the results lead into real time mission decisions. This work illustrates the importance of maintaining a physics-based real-time analysis capability as a vital instrument in supporting the safety of future spaceflight missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents -- Investigation
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Debris
KW  - Impact
KW  - NASA
KW  - Space shuttle orbiter
N1  - Accession Number: 41573745; Firko, Jason L. 1; Email Address: jasonl.firko@boeing.com Albert, Jeremie J. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 1 Boyer, Alexander M. 1 Gabrys, Jonathan W. 1 Carney, Kelly S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Structural Analyst, The Boeing Company, P.O. Box 16858, MC P24- 25, Philadelphia, PA 19142  2: Research Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p222; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents -- Investigation; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Debris; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space shuttle orbiter; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 11 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(222)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41573745&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, Karen E.
AU  - Fuchs, Yvonne T.
AU  - Kellas, Sotiris
T1  - Overview of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Subsonic Rotary Wing Aeronautics Research Program in Rotorcraft Crashworthiness.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 239
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - This paper provides an overview of rotorcraft crashworthiness research being conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center under sponsorship of the Subsonic Rotary Wing aeronautics program. The research is focused in two areas: development of an externally deployable energy attenuating concept and improved prediction of rotorcraft crashworthiness. The deployable energy absorber (DEA) is a composite honeycomb structure, with a unique flexible hinge design that allows the honeycomb to be packaged and remain flat until needed for deployment. The capabilities of the DEA have been demonstrated through component crush tests and vertical drop tests of a retrofitted fuselage section onto different surfaces or terrain. The research on improved prediction of rotorcraft crashworthiness is focused in several areas including simulating occupant responses and injury risk assessment, predicting multiterrain impact, and utilizing probabilistic analysis methods. A final task is to perform a system-integrated simulation of a full-scale helicopter crash test onto a rigid surface. A brief description of each research task is provided along with a summary of recent accomplishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - NASA
KW  - Research
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 41573750; Jackson, Karen E. 1; Email Address: karen.e.jackson-l@nasa.gov Fuchs, Yvonne T. 1; Email Address: yvonne.t.fachs@nasa.gov Kellas, Sotiris 1; Email Address: sotiris.kellas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 495, 12 West Bush Rd., Hampton, VA 23681-2199; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p229; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 10 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(229)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41573750&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pereira, J. Michael
AU  - Revilock Jr, Duane M.
T1  - Ballistic Impact Response of Kevlar 49 and Zylon under Conditions Representing Jet Engine Fan Containment.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 248
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A ballistic impact test program was conducted to provide validation data for the development of numerical models of blade out events in fabric containment systems. The impact response of two different fiber materials—Kevlar 49 (E.I. DuPont Nemours and Company) and Zylon AS (Toyobo Co., Ltd.) was studied by firing metal projectiles into dry woven fabric specimens using a gas gun. The shape, mass, orientation, and velocity of the projectile were varied and recorded. In most cases the tests were designed such that the projectile would perforate the specimen, allowing measurement of the energy absorbed by the fabric. The results for both Zylon and Kevlar presented here represent a useful set of data for the purposes of establishing and validating numerical models for predicting the response of fabrics under conditions simulating those of a jet engine blade release situation. In addition some useful empirical observations were made regarding the effects of projectile orientation and the relative performance of the different materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - BALLISTIC fabrics
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - TEXTILES
KW  - BALLISTICS
KW  - FLIGHT engineering
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Containment
KW  - Engines
KW  - Impact
N1  - Accession Number: 41573740; Pereira, J. Michael 1; Email Address: mike.pereira@nasa.gov Revilock Jr, Duane M. 2; Email Address: duane.m.revilock@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Research Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p240; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: BALLISTIC fabrics; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: TEXTILES; Subject Term: BALLISTICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Containment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424310 Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414130 Piece goods, notions and other dry goods merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(240)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41573740&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Littell, Justin D.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Characterization of Damage in Triaxial Braided Composites under Tensile Loading.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 270
EP  - 279
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Carbon fiber composites that utilize flattened, large tow yarns in woven or braided forms are being used in many aerospace applications. The complex fiber architecture and large unit cell size in these materials present challenges for both understanding the deformation process and measuring reliable material properties. In this paper composites made using flattened 12k and 24k (referring to the number of fibers in the fiber tow) standard modulus carbon fiber yarns in a 0°/+60°/-60° triaxial braided architecture are examined. Standard straight-sided tensile coupons were tested with the 0° axial braid fibers either parallel to (axial tensile test) or perpendicular to (transverse tensile test) the applied tensile load. The nonuniform surface strain resulting from the triaxial braided architecture was examined using photogrammetry. Local regions of high strain concentration were examined to identify where failure initiates and to determine the local strain at the time of failure initiation. Splitting within fiber bundles was the first failure mode observed at low to intermediate strains. For axial tensile tests the splitting was primarily in the ±60° bias fibers, which were oriented 60° to the applied load. At higher strains in the axial tensile test, out-of-plane deformation associated with localized delamination between fiber bundles or damage within fiber bundles was observed. For transverse tensile tests, the splitting was primarily in the 0° axial fibers, which were oriented transverse to the applied load. The initiation and accumulation of local damage caused the global transverse stress-strain curves to become nonlinear and caused failure to occur at a reduced ultimate strain for both the axial and transverse tensile tests. Extensive delamination at the specimen edges was also observed. Modifications to the standard straight-sided coupon geometry are needed to minimize these edge effects when testing the large unit cell type of material examined in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Damage
KW  - Epoxy resins
KW  - Imaging techniques
KW  - Material tests
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Static tests
KW  - Tensile loads
N1  - Accession Number: 41573743; Littell, Justin D. 1; Email Address: justin.d.littell@nasa.gov Binienda, Wieslaw K. 2; Email Address: wbinienda@uakron.edu Roberts, Gary D. 3; Email Address: gary.d.roberts@nasa.gov Goldberg, Robert K. 4; Email Address: Robert.K.Goldberg@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Student, Univ. of Akron, 302 Buchtel Mall, Akron, OH 44325  2: Professor, Univ. of Akron, 302 Buchtel Mall, Akron, OH 44325  3: Research Materials Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland OH 44135  4: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland OH 44135; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p270; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epoxy resins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Static tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tensile loads; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 10 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(270)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41573743&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
AU  - DuBois, Paul A.
AU  - Buyuk, Murat
AU  - Kan, Steve
T1  - Generalized, Three-Dimensional Definition, Description, and Derived Limits of the Triaxial Failure of Metals.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 286
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Metal failure in many applications, such as ballistic impact, containment, shielding, metal forming, and crashworthiness, occurs while the material is in a three-dimensional state of stress. Many previous definitions of triaxiality use two invariants to define the relative stress state in a virtual element, leading to a characterization that can be better thought of as biaxial. In this paper, an additional parameter based upon the third stress invariant is defined, which extends the characterization of the state of stress to three dimensions and to true triaxiality. The relation of the two parameters is explored and limits are found in the failure surface, which is used in defining the critical failure regions. Standard tests are examined to determine if they can provide enough data to construct these regions of interest and new tests are proposed, which envelope the limits and thus define this failure surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness
KW  - METALS
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - Material failures
KW  - Metal
KW  - Stress
N1  - Accession Number: 41573746; Carney, Kelly S. 1; Email Address: kelly.s.carney@nasa.gov DuBois, Paul A. 2 Buyuk, Murat 3 Kan, Steve 4; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Consulting Engineer, Freiligrathstrasse 6, 63071 Offenbach, Germany  3: Research Fellow, FHwA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center, George Washington Univ., 20101 Academic Way, Ashburn, VA 20147  4: Associate Research Professor of Engineering and Applied ScienceFHwA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center, George Washington Univ., 20101 Academic Way, Ashburn, VA 20147; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p280; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Crashworthiness; Subject Term: METALS; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Material failures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)0893-1321(2009)22:3(280)
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41573746&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, John W.
AU  - Spain, Charles V.
AU  - Keller, Donald F.
AU  - Moses, Robert W.
AU  - Schuster, David M.
T1  - Transport Wing Flutter Model Transonic Limit Cycle Oscillation Test.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The model for aeroelastic validation research involving computation semispan wind-tunnel model, a transport wing-fuselage flutter model, was tested in NASA Langley's Transonic Dynamics Tunnel with the goal of obtaining experimental limit cycle oscillation behavior data at transonic separation onset conditions. This research model is notable for its inexpensive construction and instrumentation installation procedures. Unsteady pressures and wing responses were obtained for three wing-tip configurations: clean, tip store, and winglet. Traditional flutter boundaries were measured over the range of M = 0.6-0.9, and maps of limit cycle oscillation behavior were made in the range of M = 0.85-0.95. The effects of dynamic pressure and angle of attack were measured. Testing in both R134a heavy gas and air provided unique data on the Reynolds number, transition effects, and the effect of speed of sound on limit cycle oscillation behavior. This report gives an overview of the test results, including experimental flutter boundaries, and the conditions involving shock-induced transonic flow separation onset at low wing angles, including maps of limit cycle oscillation behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
N1  - Accession Number: 44411773; Edwards, John W. 1 Spain, Charles V. 1 Keller, Donald F. 1 Moses, Robert W. 1 Schuster, David M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: NASA Engineering and Safety Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30079
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44411773&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - Nonlinear Reduced-Order Analysis with Time-Varying Spatial Loading Distributions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 10
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Oscillating shocks acting in combination with high-intensity acoustic loadings present a challenge to the design of resilient hypersonic-flight vehicle structures. This paper addresses some features of this loading condition and certain aspects of a nonlinear reduced-order analysis with emphasis on system identification, leading to the formation of a robust modal basis. The nonlinear dynamic response of a composite structure subject to the simultaneous action of locally strong oscillating pressure gradients and high-intensity acoustic loadings is considered. The reduced-order analysis used in this work has been previously demonstrated to be both computationally efficient and accurate for time-invariant spatial loading distributions, provided that an appropriate modal basis is used. The challenge of the present study is to identify a suitable basis for loadings with time-varying spatial distributions. Using a proper orthogonal decomposition and modal expansion, it is shown that such a basis can be developed. The basis is made more robust by incrementally expanding it to account for changes in the location, frequency, and span of the oscillating pressure gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SOUND pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 44411782; Przekop, Adam 1 Rizzi, Stephen A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p10; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.39790
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44411782&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coppenbarger, Richard A.
AU  - Mead, Rob W.
AU  - Sweet, Douglas N.
T1  - Field Evaluation of the Tailored Arrivals Concept for Datalink-Enabled Continuous Descent Approach.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 11
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Allowing aircraft to descend uninterrupted at low engine power, continuous descent operations promise to maximize fuel efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. Tailored arrivals is a concept for enabling continuous descents under constrained airspace conditions by integrating advanced air and ground automation through digital datalink. Operational trials were completed in January 2007 involving transpacific flights into San Francisco during early morning hours. Leveraging newly deployed Federal Aviation Administration automation in the oceanic environment, trajectory-based clearances were transmitted by datalink to Boeing 777 aircraft equipped with future air navigation system avionics. NASA's prototype ground-based automation for high-density arrival management tailored trajectory clearances to accommodate artificially imposed metering constraints. Upon sharing wind and descent-speed-intent data, ground-based and airborne automation were found to predict meter-fix arrival times to within a mean accuracy of 3 s over a 25 min prediction horizon. Corresponding mean altitude and along-track prediction errors of ground-based automation were -500 ft and -1.3 n mile, respectively, in comparison with surveillance truth. A benefits analysis suggests Boeing 777 fuel savings of between 200 and 3000 lb per flight (depending highly upon baseline traffic conditions) together with a corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions of between 700 and 10,000 lb per flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 44411783; Coppenbarger, Richard A. 1 Mead, Rob W. 2 Sweet, Douglas N. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94043  2: The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois 60606  3: Sensis Corporation, Campbell, California 95008; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p11; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.39795
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44411783&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Optimum Design of a Compound Helicopter.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 12
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A design and aeromechanics investigation was conducted for a 100,000 lb compound helicopter with a single main rotor that will cruise at a condition of 250 kt at 4000 ft/95°F. Performance, stability, and control analyses were conducted with the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD II. Wind-tunnel test measurements of the performance of the H-34 and UH-1D rotors at high advance ratios were compared with calculations to assess the accuracy of the analysis for the design of a high-speed helicopter. In general, good correlation was obtained with the test data. An assessment of various design parameters (disk loading, blade loading, wing loading) on the performance of the compound helicopter was made. Lower wing loading (larger wing area) and higher design blade loading (smaller blade chord) increased the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio. However, disk loading has a small influence on the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio. A rotor parametric study showed that most of the benefit of slowing the rotor occurred at the initial 20-30% reduction of the advancing blade tip Mach number. No stability issues were observed with the current design, and the control derivatives did not change much with speed, but did exhibit significant coupling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 44411784; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1 Johnson, Wayne 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p12; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40101
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44411784&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Performance and Design Investigation of Heavy Lift Tilt-Rotor with Aerodynamic Interference Effects.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 13
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Performance calculations were conducted for 146,600 lb conventional and quad tilt-rotors, which are to cruise at 300 kt at a 4000 ft/95°F condition. Aerodynamic interference effects on the aircraft cruise performance were quantified. Aerodynamic interference improves the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio of the baseline conventional tilt-rotor. However, interference degrades the aircraft performance of the baseline quad tilt-rotor, mostly due to the unfavorable effects from the front wing to the rear wing. A parametric study was conducted to understand the effects of design parameters on the performance of the aircraft. A reduction in rotor tip speed increased the aircraft lift-to-drag ratio the most among the design parameters investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TILT rotor aircraft
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - VERTICALLY rising aircraft
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - AIRPLANES
N1  - Accession Number: 44411785; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1 Johnson, Wayne 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p13; Subject Term: TILT rotor aircraft; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: VERTICALLY rising aircraft; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44411785&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutliff, Daniel L.
AU  - Jones, Michael G.
T1  - Low-Speed Fan Noise Attenuation from a Foam-Metal Liner.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 29
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A foam-metal liner for attenuation of fan noise was developed for and tested on a low-speed fan. This type of liner represents a significant advance over traditional liners, due to the possibility of placement in close proximity to the rotor. An advantage of placing treatment in this region is that the acoustic near field is modified, thereby inhibiting the noise-generation mechanism. This can result in higher attenuation levels than could be achieved by liners located in the nacelle inlet. In addition, foam-metal liners could potentially replace the fan rub strip and containment components, ultimately reducing engine components and thus weight, which can result in a systematic increase in noise reduction and engine performance. Foam-metal liners have the potential to reduce fan noise by 4 dB based on this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - FANS (Machinery)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Parts
KW  - NOISE generators (Electronics)
N1  - Accession Number: 44411801; Sutliff, Daniel L. 1 Jones, Michael G. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland Ohio 44135  2: NASA Langley Research Center Research, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p29; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: FANS (Machinery); Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Parts; Subject Term: NOISE generators (Electronics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41369
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44411801&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sehirlioglu, Alp
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Dynys, Fred
T1  - High temperature properties of BiScO3–PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 106
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 14102
EP  - 14109
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Smart actuators and intelligent structures are sought after for aeronautical applications. As a result of high Curie temperature (430 °C) and piezoelectric coefficient (>200 pC/N), BiScO3–PbTiO3 (BS-PT) ceramics are prospective materials for high temperature actuators. This paper reports on the temperature dependent electrical, ferroelectric, and electromechanical properties of liquid phase sintered BS-PT ceramics. Compared to solid state sintered BS-PT, liquid phase sintered BS-PT with Bi2O3 showed improved electrical performance: (1) threefold reduction in loss tangent at elevated temperatures, (2) fivefold increase in dc resistivity at high electrical fields, and (3) 15% increase in high field piezoelectric coefficient. Hysteresis loops of the highly resistive ceramics were saturated and showed no major dependence on the magnitude and the frequency of the applied field. BS-PT ceramics exhibit depoling behavior at temperatures below (>350 °C) the Curie temperature (430 °C). Liquid phase sintering using excess Bi2O3 is shown to be a promising approach to produce superior BS-PT ceramics for high temperature actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SINTERING
KW  - HYSTERESIS loop
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - SMART structures
KW  - CURIE temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 43211995; Sehirlioglu, Alp 1,2 Sayir, Ali 1,2 Dynys, Fred 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135,  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 106 Issue 1, p14102; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC ceramics; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SINTERING; Subject Term: HYSTERESIS loop; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: SMART structures; Subject Term: CURIE temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3158542
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43211995&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Makeev, Maxim A.
AU  - Sundaresh, Suman
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
T1  - Shock-wave propagation through pristine a-SiC and carbon-nanotube-reinforced a-SiC matrix composites.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 106
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 14311
EP  - 14319
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We report on the results of a large-scale molecular dynamics simulation study of shock-wave propagation in pristine amorphous silicon carbide and carbon-nanotube-reinforced amorphous silicon carbide matrix composites. We seek to understand the effects of ensembles of aligned nanotubes, both transversely and longitudinally oriented, on the shock-wave structure and dynamics and structural rearrangements taking place in the shock-loaded composite materials. It is found that the presence of aligned nanotubes in amorphous silicon carbide matrix leads to a reduction of shock-wave velocity and modifies the shock-wave front structure in a wide range of impact velocities. The temporal evolution of density profiles behind the shock-wave front is studied and conclusions are drawn regarding the effects of carbon nanotubes on the structural rearrangements in the shock-loaded composite materials. The mechanisms of carbon nanotube failure under shock loadings and their implications for energy dissipation rates in composite material systems are discussed for both considered cases of carbon nanotube alignments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
N1  - Accession Number: 43211914; Makeev, Maxim A. 1 Sundaresh, Suman 1 Srivastava, Deepak 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 106 Issue 1, p14311; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3152587
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43211914&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
AU  - Getzewich, Brian
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Powell, Kathleen
AU  - Trepte, Charles
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
T1  - The CALIPSO Lidar Cloud and Aerosol Discrimination: Version 2 Algorithm and Initial Assessment of Performance.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1198
EP  - 1213
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite was launched in April 2006 to provide global vertically resolved measurements of clouds and aerosols. Correct discrimination between clouds and aerosols observed by the lidar aboard the CALIPSO satellite is critical for accurate retrievals of cloud and aerosol optical properties and the correct interpretation of measurements. This paper reviews the theoretical basis of the CALIPSO lidar cloud and aerosol discrimination (CAD) algorithm, and describes the enhancements made to the version 2 algorithm that is used in the current data release (release 2). The paper also presents a preliminary assessment of the CAD performance based on one full day (12 August 2006) of expert manual classification and on one full month (July 2006) of the CALIOP 5-km cloud and aerosol layer products. Overall, the CAD algorithm works well in most cases. The 1-day manual verification suggests that the success rate is in the neighborhood of 90% or better. Nevertheless, several specific layer types are still misclassified with some frequency. Among these, the most prevalent are dense dust and smoke close to the source regions. The analysis of the July 2006 data showed that the misclassification of dust as cloud occurs for <1% of the total tropospheric cloud and aerosol features found. Smoke layers are misclassified less frequently than are dust layers. Optically thin clouds in the polar regions can be misclassified as aerosols. While the fraction of such misclassifications is small compared with the number of aerosol features found globally, caution should be taken when studies are performed on the aerosol in the polar regions. Modifications will be made to the CAD algorithm in future data releases, and the misclassifications encountered in the current data release are expected to be reduced greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SMOKE
KW  - DUST
KW  - POLAR regions
N1  - Accession Number: 43523352; Liu, Zhaoyan 1; Email Address: zhaoyan.liu-1@nasa.gov Vaughan, Mark 2 Winker, David 2 Kittaka, Chieko 3 Getzewich, Brian 3 Kuehn, Ralph 3 Omar, Ali 2 Powell, Kathleen 2 Trepte, Charles 2 Hostetler, Chris 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p1198; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SMOKE; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: POLAR regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JTECHA1229.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43523352&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunt, William H.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Powell, Kathleen A.
AU  - Lucker, Patricia L.
AU  - Weimer, Carl
T1  - CALIPSO Lidar Description and Performance Assessment.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1214
EP  - 1228
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - This paper provides background material for a collection of Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) algorithm papers that are to be published in the Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. It provides a brief description of the design and performance of CALIOP, a three-channel elastic backscatter lidar on the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite. After more than 2 yr of on-orbit operation, CALIOP performance continues to be excellent in the key areas of laser energy, signal-to-noise ratio, polarization sensitivity, and overall long-term stability, and the instrument continues to produce high-quality data products. There are, however, some areas where performance has been less than ideal. These include short-term changes in the calibration coefficients at both wavelengths as the satellite passes between dark and sunlight, some radiation-induced effects on both the detectors and the laser when passing through the South Atlantic Anomaly, and slow transient recovery on the 532-nm channels. Although these issues require some special treatment in data analysis, they do not seriously detract from the overall quality of the level 2 data products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - ANOMALY detection (Computer security)
KW  - JOURNAL of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 43523353; Hunt, William H. 1; Email Address: william.h.hunt@nasa.gov Winker, David M. 2 Vaughan, Mark A. 2 Powell, Kathleen A. 2 Lucker, Patricia L. 1 Weimer, Carl 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia  3: Ball Aerospace and Technology Corporation, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p1214; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: ANOMALY detection (Computer security); Reviews & Products: JOURNAL of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology (Periodical); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JTECHA1223.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43523353&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lebassi, Bereket
AU  - González, Jorge
AU  - Fabris, Drazen
AU  - Maurer, Edwin
AU  - Miller, Norman
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Switzer, Paul
AU  - Bornstein, Robert
T1  - Observed 1970–2005 Cooling of Summer Daytime Temperatures in Coastal California.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 22
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3558
EP  - 3573
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study evaluated 1950–2005 summer [June–August (JJA)] mean monthly air temperatures for two California air basins: the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA). The study focuses on the more rapid post-1970 warming period, and its daily minima temperature Tmin and maxima temperature Tmax values were used to produce average monthly values and spatial distributions of trends for each air basin. Additional analyses included concurrent SSTs, 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) sea level coastal pressure gradients, and GCM-downscaled average temperature Tave values. Results for all 253 California National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Observer Program (COOP) sites together showed increased Tave values (0.23°C decade-1); asymmetric warming, as Tmin values increase faster than Tmax values (0.27° versus 0.04°C decade-1) and thus decreased daily temperature range (DTR) values (0.15°C decade-1). The spatial distribution of observed SoCAB and SFBA Tmax values exhibited a complex pattern, with cooling (-0.30°C decade-1) in low-elevation coastal areas open to marine air penetration and warming (0.32°C decade-1) in inland areas. Results also showed that decreased DTR values in the basins arose from small increases at inland sites (0.16°C decade-1) combined with large decreases (-0.58°C decade-1) at coastal sites. It is also possible that some of the current observed temperature trends could be associated with low-frequency decadal variability, expected even with a constant radiative forcing. Previous studies suggest that cooling JJA Tmax values in coastal California were a result of increased irrigation, coastal upwelling, or cloud cover. The current hypothesis is that they arise (as a possible “reverse reaction”) from the global warming of inland areas, which results in increased sea-breeze flow activity. GCM model Tave warming decreased from 0.13°C decade-1 at inland sites to 0.08°C decade-1 in coastal areas. Sea level pressure increased in the Pacific high and decreased in the thermal low. The corresponding gradient thus showed a trend of 0.04 hPa 100 km-1 decade-1, supportive of the hypothesis of increased sea-breeze activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUMMER
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - GLOBAL cooling
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 43276947; Lebassi, Bereket 1 González, Jorge 1; Email Address: gonzalez@me.ccny.cuny.edu Fabris, Drazen 1 Maurer, Edwin 2 Miller, Norman 3 Milesi, Cristina 4 Switzer, Paul 5 Bornstein, Robert 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California  2: Department of Civil Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California  3: Climate Science Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California  4: University Corporation at Monterey Bay, Seaside, and NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California  5: Department of Statistics, and Department of Environmental and Earth Systems Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California  6: Department of Meteorology, San José State University, San José, California; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 22 Issue 13, p3558; Subject Term: SUMMER; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: GLOBAL cooling; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2008JCLI2111.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43276947&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Satyaprakash, Anita K.
AU  - Tremaine, Anne Marie
AU  - Stelter, Arwen A.
AU  - Creed, Rosella
AU  - Ravanfar, Parisa
AU  - Mendoza, Natalia
AU  - Mehta, Satish K.
AU  - Rady, Peter L.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Tyring, Stephen K.
T1  - Viremia in Acute Herpes Zoster.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2009/07//7/1/2009
VL  - 200
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
EP  - 32
SN  - 00221899
AB  - Background. A phase 2 trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a topical antiviral, sorivudine, as an adjuvant to valacyclovir for the treatment of acute herpes zoster. Methods. In this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, 25 patients were treated with either sorivudine or placebo cream. All patients began 7 days of valacyclovir treatment on day 3. Zoster lesion swab samples and samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected periodically throughout the study and were analyzed for varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA by use of both qualitative and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples collected periodically throughout the study were analyzed for VZV DNA by use of real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results. VZV DNA was detected in all 3 sample types, and the number of viral copies correlated with the progression of herpes zoster. No statistically significant differences were seen between the placebo- and sorivudine-treated groups with respect to clinical characteristics or laboratory test results. Conclusion. The detection of VZV DNA in the serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of all 25 zoster patients documents that viremia is a common manifestation of herpes zoster. Sorivudine cream appears to be a safe and well-tolerated adjuvant therapy; however, further phase 2 studies are needed to determine its clinical efficacy for the treatment of herpes zoster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIREMIA
KW  - VARICELLA-zoster virus
KW  - VIRUS diseases
KW  - SHINGLES (Disease)
KW  - DNA
KW  - SERUM
KW  - MACROPHAGES
KW  - HERPESVIRUS diseases
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
N1  - Accession Number: 43008372; Satyaprakash, Anita K. 1 Tremaine, Anne Marie 1 Stelter, Arwen A. 1 Creed, Rosella 1 Ravanfar, Parisa 1 Mendoza, Natalia 1,2 Mehta, Satish K. 3 Rady, Peter L. 4 Pierson, Duane L. 5 Tyring, Stephen K. 1,4; Email Address: styring@ccstexas.com; Affiliation:  1: Center for Clinical Studies, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas  2: Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia  3: Enterprise Advisory Services, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas  4: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas; Source Info: 7/1/2009, Vol. 200 Issue 1, p26; Subject Term: VIREMIA; Subject Term: VARICELLA-zoster virus; Subject Term: VIRUS diseases; Subject Term: SHINGLES (Disease); Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: SERUM; Subject Term: MACROPHAGES; Subject Term: HERPESVIRUS diseases; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1086/599381
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43008372&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berger, Karen T.
T1  - Aerothermodynamic Testing of the Crew Exploration Vehicle at Mach 6 and Mach 10.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 758
EP  - 765
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An experimental wind-tunnel program is being conducted in support of a NASA wide effort to develop a Space Shuttle replacement and to support the agency's long-term objective of returning to the moon and Mars. This paper documents experimental measurements made on several scaled ceramic heat transfer models of the proposed Project Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle. The experimental data highlighted in this paper will be used to assess numerical tools that will be used to generate the flight aerothermodynamic database. Global heat transfer images and centerline heat transfer distributions were obtained over a range of freestream Reynolds numbers and angles of attack with the phosphor thermography technique. Temperature data were measured on the forebody and afterbody and were used to compute the heating on the vehicle as well as the boundary-layer state on the forebody surface. Several model support configurations were assessed to minimize potential aftbody support interference. Although naturally fully developed turbulent levels were not obtained on the forebody, the use of boundary-layer trips generated fully developed turbulent flow. Laminar and turbulent computational results are shown to be in good agreement with the data. In addition, the ability of the global phosphor thermography method to provide quantitative heating measurements in the low-temperature environment of the capsule base region was assessed and the lack of significant model support hardware influence on heating was shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY (Copying process)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 44226382; Berger, Karen T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p758; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY (Copying process); Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.39247
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44226382&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Berger, Karen T.
AU  - Horva, Thomas J.
AU  - Coblish, Joseph J.
AU  - Norris, Joseph D.
AU  - Lillard, Randolph P.
AU  - Kirk, Benjamin S.
T1  - Aeroheating Testing and Predictions for Project Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 766
EP  - 780
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An investigation of the aeroheating environment of the Project Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle was performed in the Arnold Engineering Development Center Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel 9 Mach 8 and Mach 10 nozzles and in the NASA Langley Research Center 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel. Heating data were obtained using a thermocouple- instrumented ~ 0.035-scale model [0.1778 m (7 in.) diameter] of the flight vehicle. Runs were performed in the Tunnel 9 Mach 10 nozzle at freestream unit Reynolds numbers of 1 x 106 to 20 x 106/f t, in the Tunnel 9 Mach 8 nozzle at freestream unit Reynolds numbers of 8 x 106 to 48 x 106/f t, and in the 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel at freestream unit Reynolds numbers of 1 x 106 to 7 x 106/ft. In both facilities, enthalpy levels were low and the test gas (N2 in Tunnel 9 and air in the 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel) behaved as a perfect gas. These test conditions produced laminar, transitional, and turbulent data in the Tunnel 9 Mach 10 nozzle; transitional and turbulent data in the Tunnel 9 Mach 8 nozzle; and laminar and transitional data in the 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel. Laminar and turbulent predictions were generated for all wind-tunnel test conditions, and comparisons were performed with the experimental data to help define the accuracy of the computational method. In general, it was found that both laminar data and predictions and turbulent data and predictions agreed to within less than the estimated ± 12% experimental uncertainty estimate. Laminar heating distributions from all three data sets were shown to correlate well and demonstrated Reynolds numbers independence when expressed in terms of the Stanton number based on adiabatic-wall-recovery enthalpy. Transition-onset locations on the lee-side centerline were determined from the data and correlated in terms of boundary-layer parameters. Finally, turbulent heating augmentation ratios were determined for several body-point locations and correlated in terms of the boundary-layer momentum Reynolds number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - MOTOR vehicles
KW  - TESTING
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 44226383; Hollis, Brian R. 1 Berger, Karen T. 1 Horva, Thomas J. 1 Coblish, Joseph J. 2 Norris, Joseph D. 2 Lillard, Randolph P. 3 Kirk, Benjamin S. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Arnold Engineering Development Center, White Oak, Maryland 20901  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p766; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: MOTOR vehicles; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.38579
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44226383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
T1  - Dynamic Simulations of Atmospheric-Entry Capsules.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/07//Jul/Aug2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 829
EP  - 835
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Viscous free-oscillation simulations with the OVERFLOW solver are used to predict the aerodynamic behavior of nonlifting capsule shapes in the supersonic-speed regime. Computations using hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes turbulence models are examined for two novel atmospheric-entry capsule configurations: an idealized inflatable decelerator concept and the Orion crew module. The simulation results are validated against nonlinear aerodynamic models determined from free-flight ballistic-range data analysis. For the Orion crew module, two separate methods of reducing identical range data, along with common models tested in separate range facilities, are included. The computations demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of dynamic simulations for developing a nonlinear aerodynamic performance database. Analysis indicates that the typical nonlinear bluff-body behavior is characterized by a rate-dependent dynamic response, which is not currently accounted for in common aerodynamic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPACE cabin simulators
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Aerodynamics
KW  - FREE earth oscillations
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 44226389; Murman, Scott M. 1; Email Address: Scott.M.Murman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul/Aug2009, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p829; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPACE cabin simulators; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: FREE earth oscillations; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41078
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z.
AU  - Crosson, William L.
AU  - Limaye, Ashutosh S.
AU  - Rickman, Douglas L.
AU  - Quattrochi, Dale A.
AU  - Estes, Jr., Maurice G.
AU  - Qualters, Judith R.
AU  - Sinclair, Amber H.
AU  - Tolsma, Dennis D.
AU  - Adeniyi, Kafayat A.
AU  - Niskar, Amanda Sue
T1  - Methods for Characterizing Fine Particulate Matter Using Ground Observations and Remotely Sensed Data: Potential Use for Environmental Public Health Surveillance.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 865
EP  - 881
PB  - Air & Waste Management Association
SN  - 10962247
AB  - This study describes and demonstrates different techniques for surface fitting daily environmental hazards data of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) for the purpose of integrating respiratory health and environmental data for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) pilot study of Health and Environment Linked for Information Exchange (HELIX)-Atlanta. It presents a methodology for estimating daily spatial surfaces of ground-level PM2.5 concentrations using the B-Spline and inverse distance weighting (IDW) surface-fitting techniques, leveraging National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data to complement U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ground observation data. The study used measurements of ambient PM2.5 from the EPA database for the year 2003 as well as PM2.5 estimates derived from NASA's satellite data. Hazard data have been processed to derive the surrogate PM2.5 exposure estimates. This paper shows that merging MODIS remote sensing data with surface observations of PM2.5 not only provides a more complete daily representation of PM2.5 than either dataset alone would allow, but it also reduces the errors in the PM2.5- estimated surfaces. The results of this study also show that although the IDW technique can introduce some numerical artifacts that could be due to its interpolating nature, which assumes that the maxima and minima can occur only at the observation points, the daily IDW PM2.5 surfaces had smaller errors in general, with respect to observations, than those of the B-Spline surfaces. Finally, the methods discussed in this paper establish a foundation for environmental public health linkage and association studies for which determining the concentrations of an environmental hazard such as PM2.5 with high accuracy is critical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association) is the property of Air & Waste Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL protection
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 43406118; Al-Hamdan, Mohammad Z. 1; Email Address: mohammad.alhamdan@nasa.gov Crosson, William L. 1 Limaye, Ashutosh S. 1 Rickman, Douglas L. 2 Quattrochi, Dale A. 2 Estes, Jr., Maurice G. 1 Qualters, Judith R. 3 Sinclair, Amber H. 4 Tolsma, Dennis D. 4 Adeniyi, Kafayat A. 5 Niskar, Amanda Sue 6; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Space Science and Technology Center, Global Hydrology and Climate Center, Huntsville, AL  2: Earth Science Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Space Science and Technology Center, Global Hydrology and Climate Center, Huntsville, AL  3: National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA  4: Center for Health Research/Southeast (Kaiser Permanente), Atlanta, GA  5: Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA  6: Fusion Cell, Office of Preparedness and Emergency Operations, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 59 Issue 7, p865; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL protection; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 15 Graphs, 9 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3155/1047-3289.59.7.865
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43406118&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shebalin, John V.
T1  - Plasma relaxation and the turbulent dynamo.
JO  - Physics of Plasmas
JF  - Physics of Plasmas
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 16
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 072301
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 1070664X
AB  - Ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence may be represented by finite Fourier series whose independent coefficients form a canonical ensemble described by a Gaussian probability density function containing a Hermitian covariance matrix with positive eigenvalues. When the eigenvalues at lowest wave number are very small, a large-scale coherent structure appears: a turbulent dynamo, which is seen in computations. A theoretical explanation is given and contains Taylor’s theory of force-free states. Numerical effects are examined and it is shown that larger grid sizes and smaller time steps provide for better resolution of coherent structure. Ideal hydrodynamic (HD) turbulence is examined and the results are compared and contrasted with those of ideal MHD turbulence. In particular, coherent structure appears in ideal MHD turbulence at the lowest wave number, but can occur in ideal HD turbulence only at the highest wave numbers in a simulation. In the case of real, i.e., dissipative flows, coherent structure and broken ergodicity are expected to occur in MHD turbulence at the largest scale. However, real HD turbulence at all scales and real MHD turbulence at all scales but the largest are expected to be ergodic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Plasmas is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FOURIER series
KW  - BINOMIAL coefficients
KW  - HYPERGEOMETRIC series
KW  - EIGENVALUES
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 43493838; Shebalin, John V. 1; Affiliation:  1: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Office, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas 77058-3696, USA.; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p072301; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FOURIER series; Subject Term: BINOMIAL coefficients; Subject Term: HYPERGEOMETRIC series; Subject Term: EIGENVALUES; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3159866
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crespo, Luis G.
AU  - Giesy, Daniel P.
AU  - Kenny, Sean P.
T1  - Reliability-based analysis and design via failure domain bounding
JO  - Structural Safety
JF  - Structural Safety
Y1  - 2009/07//
VL  - 31
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
EP  - 315
SN  - 01674730
AB  - Abstract: This paper proposes a methodology for bounding and approximating failure probabilities for systems with parametric uncertainty that are subject to multiple design requirements. The two fundamental developments in this work are (1) a method to explicitly compute upper bounds on failure probability based on solving an optimization problem, and (2) a hybrid method, utilizing the upper bounds together with conditional sampling, to achieve highly accurate estimates of failure probabilities. The computation of failure probability bounds is accomplished by the deformation of hyper-spherical or hyper-rectangular sets in the standard normal space and utilizes a combination of numerical optimization and analytic tools. The methods for calculating these bounds are applicable to systems having multiple limit state functions and are not subject to difficulties when there are multiple critical parameter points. Numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate that the gains in accuracy and efficiency of the method are considerable when compared to alternative methods. The tools proposed are especially suited for design optimization due to their efficiency and the resulting continuity of the upper bounds. Since only standard optimization algorithms are required for implementation, these strategies are easily applicable to a variety of complex engineering problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Structural Safety is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - BOUNDING
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - Bounds
KW  - Failure probability
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Reliability
N1  - Accession Number: 37812703; Crespo, Luis G. 1; Email Address: lgcrespo@nianet.org Giesy, Daniel P. 2; Email Address: daniel.p.giesy@nasa.gov Kenny, Sean P. 2; Email Address: sean.p.kenny@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 308, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 31 Issue 4, p306; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: BOUNDING; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reliability; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.strusafe.2008.09.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boynton, W. V.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Kounaves, S. P.
AU  - Young, S. M. M.
AU  - Arvidson, R. E.
AU  - Hecht, M. H.
AU  - Hoffman, J.
AU  - Niles, P. B.
AU  - Hamara, D. K.
AU  - Quinn, R. C.
AU  - Smith, P. H.
AU  - Sutter, B.
AU  - Catling, D. C.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
T1  - Evidence for Calcium Carbonate at the Mars Phoenix Landing Site.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/07/03/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5936
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 64
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Carbonates are generally products of aqueous processes and may hold important dues about the history of liquid water on the surface of Mars. Calcium carbonate (approximately 3 to 5 weight percent) has been identified in the soils around the Phoenix landing site by scanning calorimetry showing an endothermic transition beginning around 725°C accompanied by evolution of carbon dioxide and by the ability of the soil to buffer pH against acid addition. Based on empirical kinetics, the amount of calcium carbonate is most consistent with formation in the past by the interaction of atmospheric carbon dioxide with liquid water films on particle surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALCIUM carbonate
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - WATER
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - CALORIMETRY
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 43518114; Boynton, W. V. 1; Email Address: wboynton@LPL.Arizona.edu Ming, D. W. 2 Kounaves, S. P. 3 Young, S. M. M. 4 Arvidson, R. E. 5 Hecht, M. H. 6 Hoffman, J. 7 Niles, P. B. 8 Hamara, D. K. 1 Quinn, R. C. 8 Smith, P. H. 1 Sutter, B. 9 Catling, D. C. 10,11 Morris, R. V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA  5: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75083, USA  8: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Jacobs Engineering and Science Contract Group, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  10: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK  11: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Source Info: 7/3/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5936, p61; Subject Term: CALCIUM carbonate; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: CALORIMETRY; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hecht, M. H.
AU  - Kounaves, S. P.
AU  - Quinn, R. C.
AU  - West, S. J.
AU  - Young, S. M. M.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Catling, D. C.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Boynton, W. V.
AU  - Hoffman, J.
AU  - DeFlores, L. P.
AU  - Gospodinova, K.
AU  - Kapit, J.
AU  - Smith, P. H.
T1  - Detection of Perchlorate and the Soluble Chemistry of Martian Soil at the Phoenix Lander Site.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/07/03/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5936
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 67
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Wet Chemistry Laboratory on the Phoenix Mars Lander performed aqueous chemical analyses of martian soil from the polygon-patterned northern plains of the Vastitas Borealis. The solutions contained ∼10 mM of dissolved salts with 0.4 to 0.6% perchlorate (ClO4) by mass leached from each sample. The remaining anions included small concentrations of chloride, bicarbonate, and possibly sulfate. Cations were dominated by Mg2+ and Na+, with small contributions from K+ and Ca2+. A moderately alkaline pH of 7.7 ± 0.5 was measured, consistent with a carbonate-buffered solution. Samples analyzed from the surface and the excavated boundary of the ∼5-centimeter- deep ice table showed no significant difference in soluble chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERCHLORATES
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - SOIL leaching
KW  - CARBONATES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 43518115; Hecht, M. H. 1; Email Address: michael.h.hecht@jpl.nasa.gov Kounaves, S. P. 2 Quinn, R. C. 3 West, S. J. 4 Young, S. M. M. 2,5 Ming, D. W. 6 Catling, D. C. 7,8 Clark, B. C. 9 Boynton, W. V. 10 Hoffman, J. 11 DeFlores, L. P. 1 Gospodinova, K. 2 Kapit, J. 2 Smith, P. H. 10; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA  3: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Ca, 94035, USA  4: Invensys Process Systems, Foxboro, MA 02035, USA  5: Chemistry Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA  6: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  7: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK  8: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  9: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  10: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  11: Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 95080, USA; Source Info: 7/3/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5936, p64; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: SOIL leaching; Subject Term: CARBONATES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whiteway, J. A.
AU  - Komguem, L.
AU  - Dickinson, C.
AU  - Cook, C.
AU  - Illnicki, M.
AU  - Seabrook, J.
AU  - Popovici, V.
AU  - Duck, T. J.
AU  - Davy, R.
AU  - Taylor, P. A.
AU  - Pathak, J.
AU  - Fisher, D.
AU  - Carswell, A. I.
AU  - Daly, M.
AU  - Hipkin, V.
AU  - Zent, A. P.
AU  - Hecht, M. H.
AU  - Wood, S. E.
AU  - Tamppari, L. K.
AU  - Renno, N.
T1  - Mars Water-Ice Clouds and Precipitation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/07/03/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5936
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 70
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The light detection and ranging instrument on the Phoenix mission observed water-ice clouds in the atmosphere of Mars that were similar to cirrus clouds on Earth. Fall streaks in the cloud structure traced the precipitation of ice crystals toward the ground. Measurements of atmospheric dust indicated that the planetary boundary layer (PBL) on Mars was well mixed, up to heights of around 4 kilometers, by the summer daytime turbulence and convection. The water-ice clouds were detected at the top of the PBL and near the ground each night in late summer after the air temperature started decreasing. The interpretation is that water vapor mixed upward by daytime turbulence and convection forms ice crystal clouds at night that precipitate back toward the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SPACE vehicles research
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - DUST -- Research
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 43518116; Whiteway, J. A. 1; Email Address: whiteway@yorku.ca Komguem, L. 1 Dickinson, C. 1 Cook, C. 1 Illnicki, M. 1 Seabrook, J. 1 Popovici, V. 1 Duck, T. J. 2 Davy, R. Taylor, P. A. 1 Pathak, J. 1 Fisher, D. 3 Carswell, A. I. 4 Daly, M. 5 Hipkin, V. 6 Zent, A. P. 7 Hecht, M. H. 8 Wood, S. E. 9 Tamppari, L. K. 8 Renno, N. 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  2: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia  3: National Glaciology Group, Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada  4: Optech, Vaughan, Ontario, Canada  5: MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates (MDA), Brampton, Ontario, Canada  6: Canadian Space Agency (CSA), St-Hubert, Quebec, Canada  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  9: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA  10: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Source Info: 7/3/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5936, p68; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles research; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: DUST -- Research; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lunetta, Ross S.
AU  - Knight, Joseph F.
AU  - Paerl, Hans W.
AU  - Streicher, John J.
AU  - Peierls, Benjamin L.
AU  - Gallo, Tom
AU  - Lyon, John G.
AU  - Mace, Thomas H.
AU  - Buzzelli, Christopher P.
T1  - Measurement of water colour using AVIRIS imagery to assess the potential for an operational monitoring capability in the Pamlico Sound Estuary, USA.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/07/10/
VL  - 30
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3291
EP  - 3314
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The monitoring of water colour parameters can provide an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of aquatic ecosystem condition. Remote sensing has long been used to effectively monitor chlorophyll concentrations in open ocean systems; however, operational monitoring in coastal and estuarine areas has been limited because of the inherent complexities of coastal systems, and the coarse spectral and spatial resolutions of available satellite systems. Data were collected using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Advanced Visible-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) flown at an altitude of approximately 20 000 m to provide hyperspectral imagery and simulate both MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data. AVIRIS data were atmospherically corrected using a radiative transfer modelling approach and analysed using band ratio and linear regression models. Regression analysis was performed with simultaneous field measurements data in the Neuse River Estuary (NRE) and Pamlico Sound on 15 May 2002. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations were optimally estimated using AVIRIS bands (9.5 nm) centred at 673.6 and 692.7 nm, resulting in a coefficient of determination (R 2) of 0.98. Concentrations of Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Fixed Suspended Solids (FSS) were also estimated, resulting in coefficients of determination of R 2 = 0.90, 0.59 and 0.64, respectively. Ratios of AVIRIS bands centred at or near those corresponding to the MERIS and MODIS sensors indicated that relatively good satellite-based estimates could potentially be derived for water colour constituents at a spatial resolution of 300 and 500 m, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNDERWATER imaging systems
KW  - ESTUARIES
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - INFRARED technology
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - PAMLICO River (N.C.)
KW  - NORTH Carolina
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 43388589; Lunetta, Ross S. 1; Email Address: lunetta.ross@epa.gov Knight, Joseph F. 2 Paerl, Hans W. 3 Streicher, John J. 4 Peierls, Benjamin L. 3 Gallo, Tom 3 Lyon, John G. 5 Mace, Thomas H. 6 Buzzelli, Christopher P. 3; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.  2: University of Minnesota, Department of Forest Resources, St Paul, MN 55108, USA.  3: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.  4: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, On assignment to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.  5: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Exposure Research Laboratory, 944 E. Harmon, Las Vegas, NV 89193, USA.  6: U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of the Associate Director for Operations, Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA 93523, USA.; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 30 Issue 13, p3291; Subject Term: UNDERWATER imaging systems; Subject Term: ESTUARIES; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Subject Term: INFRARED technology; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: PAMLICO River (N.C.); Subject Term: NORTH Carolina; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160802552801
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murray, Georgia L.D.
AU  - Kimball, Kenneth
AU  - Bruce Hill, L.
AU  - Allen, George A.
AU  - Wolfson, Jack M.
AU  - Pszenny, Alex
AU  - Seidel, Thomas
AU  - Doddridge, Bruce G.
AU  - Boris, Alexandra
T1  - A comparison of fine particle and aerosol strong acidity at the interface zone (1540 m) and within (452 m) the planetary boundary layer of the Great Gulf and Presidential-Dry River Class I Wildernesses on the Presidential Range, New Hampshire USA
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2009/07/11/
VL  - 43
IS  - 22/23
M3  - Article
SP  - 3605
EP  - 3613
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Mount Washington, NH in the White Mountain National Forest, is flanked to the north-northeast and south by two Class I Wilderness areas, the Great Gulf and Presidential Range-Dry River Wildernesses, respectively. The Clean Air Act protects Class I Area natural resource values from air pollution. Aerosol sulfate, a fine particulate component that is often transported long distances, is a known contributor to visibility degradation and acidic deposition. We examined summertime fine particulate aerosol mass and sulfate, strong acidity and ammonium concentrations from 1988 to 2007 on Mount Washington at two elevations, 452 and 1540 m (msl). The former site is often within, and the latter at the interface of, the planetary boundary layer. Comparisons of sampling interval durations (10 and 24 h) and site vs. site are made. We also examine the extent to which aerosol sulfate is neutralized. Ten hour (daytime) compared to 24 h samples have higher mass and aerosol sulfate concentrations, however paired samples are well correlated. Fine mass concentrations compared between the 452 m and 1540 m sites (standard temperature and pressure corrected) show a weak positive linear relationship with the later being approximately 32% lower. We attribute the lack of a strong correlation to the facts that the 1540 m site is commonly at the interface of and even above the regional planetary boundary layer in summer and that it can intercept different air masses relative to the 452 m site. Sulfate is ∼18% lower at the higher elevation site, but comprises a greater percentage of total fine mass; 42% compared to 37% for the high and low elevation site, respectively. Aerosol strong acidity was found to increase with increasing sulfate concentrations at both sites. Further the ratio of hydrogen to sulfate ion was greater in 24 h than 10 h samples at the higher elevation site likely due to overnight transport of fresh acidic aerosols. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - POLLUTION -- Law & legislation
KW  - Aerosol acidity
KW  - Class I Areas
KW  - Fine particulates
KW  - Planetary boundary layer
N1  - Accession Number: 41428644; Murray, Georgia L.D. 1; Email Address: gmurray@outdoors.org Kimball, Kenneth 1 Bruce Hill, L. 2 Allen, George A. 3 Wolfson, Jack M. 4 Pszenny, Alex 5,6 Seidel, Thomas 6 Doddridge, Bruce G. 7 Boris, Alexandra 6; Affiliation:  1: Appalachian Mountain Club, Research Department, 361 Route 16, Gorham, NH 03581, USA  2: Clean Air Task Force, 18 Tremont Street, Suite 530 Boston, MA 02108, USA  3: Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management, 101 Merrimac St., 10th Floor Boston, MA 02114, USA  4: Harvard School of Public Health, Rm 417 Landmark Center West-419C, 401 Park Drive, Boston, MA 02215, USA  5: Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA  6: Mount Washington Observatory, P.O. Box 2310, North Conway, NH 03860, USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 43 Issue 22/23, p3605; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: POLLUTION -- Law & legislation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol acidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Class I Areas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fine particulates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary boundary layer; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.03.060
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - Xapsos, M.A.
AU  - Wilson, J.W.
T1  - An analytical model for the prediction of a micro-dosimeter response function
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 201
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: A rapid analytical procedure for the prediction of a micro-dosimeter response function in low Earth orbit (LEO), correlated with the Space Transportation System (STS, shuttle) Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter (TEPC) measurements is presented. The analytical model takes into consideration the energy loss straggling and chord length distribution of the detector, and is capable of predicting energy deposition fluctuations in a cylindrical micro-volume of arbitrary aspect ratio (height/diameter) by incoming ions through both direct and indirect (δ ray) events. At any designated (ray traced) target point within the vehicle, the model accepts the differential flux spectrum of Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and/or trapped protons at LEO as input. On a desktop PC, the response function of TEPC for each ion in the GCR/trapped field is computed at the average rate of 30s/ion. The ionizing radiation environment at LEO is represented by O’Neill’s GCR model (2004), covering charged particles in the 1⩽ Z ⩽28 range. O’Neill’s free space GCR model is coupled with the Langley Research Center (LaRC) angular dependent geomagnetic cutoff model to compute the transmission coefficient in LEO. The trapped proton environment is represented by a LaRC developed time dependent procedure which couples the AP8MIN/AP8MAX, Deep River Neutron Monitor (DRNM) and F10.7 solar radio frequency measurements. The albedo neutron environment is represented by the extrapolation of the Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation (AIR) measurements. The charged particle transport calculations correlated with STS 51 and 114 flights are accomplished by using the most recent version (2005) of the LaRC deterministic High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) code. We present the correlations between the TEPC model predictions (response function) and TEPC measured differential/integral spectra in the lineal energy (y) domain for both GCR and trapped protons, with the conclusion that the model correctly accounts for the increase in flux at low y values where energetic ions are the primary contributor. We further discuss that, even with the incorporation of angular dependency in the cutoffs, comparison of the GCR differential/integral flux between STS 51 and 114 TEPC measured data and current calculations indicates that there still exists an underestimation by the simulations at low to mid range y values. This underestimation is partly related the exclusion of the secondary pion particle production from the current version of HZETRN. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DOSIMETERS
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - ION traps
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - STS dosimetry
KW  - TEPC
N1  - Accession Number: 40636217; Badavi, F.F. 1; Email Address: francis.f.badavi@nasa.gov Xapsos, M.A. 2; Email Address: Michael.A.Xapsos@nasa.gov Wilson, J.W. 3; Email Address: jwilson61@cox.net; Affiliation:  1: Christopher Newport University, Physics, 1 University Place, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p190; Subject Term: DOSIMETERS; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: ION traps; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: STS dosimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: TEPC; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valdivia-Silva, Julio E.
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Thermally evolved gas analysis (TEGA) of hyperarid soils doped with microorganisms from the Atacama Desert in southern Peru: Implications for the Phoenix mission
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 254
EP  - 266
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: TEGA, one of several instruments on board of the Phoenix Lander, performed differential scanning calorimetry and evolved gas analysis of soil samples and ice, collected from the surface and subsurface at a northern landing site on Mars. TEGA is a combination of a high temperature furnace and a mass spectrometer (MS) that was used to analyze samples delivered to the instrument via a robotic arm. The samples were heated at a programmed ramp rate up to 1000°C. The power required for heating can be carefully and continuously monitored (scanning calorimetry). The evolved gases generated during the process can be analyzed with the evolved gas analyzer (a magnetic sector mass spectrometer) in order to determine the composition of gases released as a function of temperature. Our laboratory has developed a sample characterization method using a pyrolyzer integrated to a quadrupole mass spectrometer to support the interpretations of TEGA data. Here we examine the evolved gas properties of six types of hyperarid soils from the Pampas de La Joya in southern Peru (a possible analog to Mars), to which we have added with microorganisms (Salmonella typhimurium, Micrococcus luteus, and Candida albicans) in order to investigate the effect of the soil matrix on the TEGA response. Between 20 and 40mg of soil, with or without ∼5mg of lyophilized microorganism biomass (dry weight), were placed in the pyrolyzer and heated from room temperature to 1200°C in 1h at a heating rate of 20°C/min. The volatiles released were transferred to a MS using helium as a carrier gas. The quadrupole MS was ran in scan mode from 10 to 200m/z. In addition, ∼20mg of each microorganism without a soil matrix were analyzed. As expected, there were significant differences in the gases released from microorganism samples with or without a soil matrix, under similar heating conditions. Furthermore, samples from the most arid environments had significant differences compared with less arid soils. Organic carbon released in the form of CO2 (ion 44m/z) from microorganisms evolved at temperatures of ∼326.0±19.5°C, showing characteristic patterns for each one. Others ions such as 41, 78 and 91m/z were also found. Interestingly, during the thermal process, the release of CO2 increased and ions previously found disappeared, demonstrating a high-oxidant activity in the soil matrix when it was subjected to high temperature. Finally, samples of soil show CO2 evolved up to 650°C consistent with thermal decomposition of carbonates. These results indicate that organics mixed with these hyperarid soils are oxidized to CO2. Our results suggest the existence of at least two types of oxidants in these soils, a thermolabile oxidant which is highly oxidative and other thermostable oxidant which has a minor oxidative activity and that survives the heat-treatment. Furthermore, we find that the interaction of biomass added to soil samples gives a different set of breakdown gases than organics resident in the soil. The nature of oxidant(s) present in the soils from Pampas de La Joya is still unknown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS analysis -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - ARID soils
KW  - SOIL microbiology
KW  - MARS surface samples
KW  - MASS spectrometers
KW  - FURNACES
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - PERU
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Hyperarid soils
KW  - Pampas de La Joya
KW  - Phoenix mission
KW  - TEGA
KW  - Thermal analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 40636225; Valdivia-Silva, Julio E. 1; Email Address: jvaldiviasilva@hotmail.com Navarro-González, Rafael 1; Email Address: navarro@nucleares.unam.mx McKay, Christopher 2; Email Address: christopher.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico, Distrito Federal, C.P. 04510, Mexico  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p254; Subject Term: GAS analysis -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: ARID soils; Subject Term: SOIL microbiology; Subject Term: MARS surface samples; Subject Term: MASS spectrometers; Subject Term: FURNACES; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: PERU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperarid soils; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pampas de La Joya; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phoenix mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: TEGA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416120 Plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423720 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236210 Industrial Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.02.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Reinsch, Sigrid
AU  - Conway, Greg C.
T1  - En passant transcription factor activation controls axon pathfinding decisions
JO  - Developmental Biology
JF  - Developmental Biology
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 331
IS  - 2
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 473
EP  - 473
SN  - 00121606
N1  - Accession Number: 43024558; Reinsch, Sigrid 1 Conway, Greg C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 331 Issue 2, p473; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1016/j.ydbio.2009.05.323
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Pawlik, R.
AU  - Loewenthal, W.
T1  - Young's moduli of cold and vacuum plasma sprayed metallic coatings
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 513-514
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Monolithic metallic copper alloy and NiCrAlY coatings were fabricated by either the cold spray (CS) or the vacuum plasma spray (VPS) deposition processes. Dynamic elastic modulus property measurements were conducted on these monolithic coating specimens between 300 and 1273K using the impulse excitation technique. The Young''s moduli decreased almost linearly with increasing temperature at all temperatures except in the case of the CS Cu–23%Cr–5%Al and VPS NiCrAlY, where deviations from linearity were observed above a critical temperature. It was observed that the Young''s moduli for VPS Cu–8%Cr were larger than the literature data compiled for Cu. The addition of 1%Al to Cu–8%Cr significantly increased its Young''s modulus by 12–17% presumably due to a solid solution effect. Comparisons of the Young''s moduli data between two different measurements on the same CS Cu–23%Cr–5%Al specimen revealed that the values measured in the first run were about 10% higher than those in the second run. It is suggested that this observation is due to annealing of the initial cold work microstructure resulting form the cold spray deposition process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL coating
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - PLASMA spraying
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - COPPER alloys
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on metals
KW  - Cold sprayed coatings
KW  - Copper alloys
KW  - Launch vehicles
KW  - NiCrAlY
KW  - Vacuum plasma sprayed coatings
KW  - Young's modulus
N1  - Accession Number: 38910852; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Pawlik, R. 2 Loewenthal, W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, United States  3: H.C. Starck, Inc., 21801 Tungsten Road, Cleveland, OH 44117, United States; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 513-514, p59; Subject Term: METAL coating; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: PLASMA spraying; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: COPPER alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold sprayed coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Launch vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiCrAlY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vacuum plasma sprayed coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Young's modulus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2009.01.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crabtree, Robert
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Mullen, Randall
AU  - Sheldon, Jennifer
AU  - Huang, Shengli
AU  - Harmsen, Joshua
AU  - Rodman, Ann
AU  - Jean, Cathie
T1  - A modeling and spatio-temporal analysis framework for monitoring environmental change using NPP as an ecosystem indicator
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1486
EP  - 1496
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present and describe a modeling and analysis framework for monitoring protected area (PA) ecosystems with net primary productivity (NPP) as an indicator of health. It brings together satellite data, an ecosystem simulation model (NASA–CASA), spatial linear models with autoregression, and a GIS to provide practitioners a low-cost, accessible ecosystem monitoring and analysis system (EMAS) at landscape resolutions. The EMAS is evaluated and assessed with an application example in Yellowstone National Park aimed at identifying the causes and consequences of drought. Utilizing five predictor covariates (solar radiation, burn severity, soil productivity, temperature, and precipitation), spatio-temporal analysis revealed how landscape controls and climate (summer vegetation moisture stress) affected patterns of NPP according to vegetation functional type, species cover type, and successional stage. These results supported regional and national trends of NPP in relation to carbon fluxes and lag effects of climate. Overall, the EMAS provides valuable decision support for PAs regarding informed land use planning, conservation programs, vital sign monitoring, control programs (fire fuels, invasives, etc.), and restoration efforts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring -- Remote sensing
KW  - SPATIO-temporal variation
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Statistics)
KW  - GLOBAL environmental change -- Research
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology) -- Measurement
KW  - BIOINDICATORS
KW  - AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics)
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - Ecosystem indicators
KW  - MODIS
KW  - NASA–CASA
KW  - NPP
KW  - Spatio-temporal analysis
KW  - Vegetation moisture stress
N1  - Accession Number: 40115959; Crabtree, Robert 1,2; Email Address: crabtree@yellowstoneresearch.org Potter, Christopher 3 Mullen, Randall 1 Sheldon, Jennifer 1 Huang, Shengli 1 Harmsen, Joshua 1 Rodman, Ann 4 Jean, Cathie 4; Affiliation:  1: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, 2048 Analysis Drive, Bozeman, MT 59718, United States  2: Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: Yellowstone Center for Resources, Yellowstone National Park, WY 821990, United States; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 113 Issue 7, p1486; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: SPATIO-temporal variation; Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: GLOBAL environmental change -- Research; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology) -- Measurement; Subject Term: BIOINDICATORS; Subject Term: AUTOREGRESSION (Statistics); Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem indicators; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA–CASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: NPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatio-temporal analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation moisture stress; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.12.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew
AU  - Mutch, Linda
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Hiatt, Sam
AU  - White, Michael
T1  - Monitoring and forecasting ecosystem dynamics using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS)
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/07/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1497
EP  - 1509
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present an approach for monitoring and forecasting landscape level indicators of the condition of protected area (PA) ecosystems including changes in snowcover, vegetation phenology and productivity using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS). TOPS is a modeling framework that integrates operational satellite data, microclimate mapping, and ecosystem simulation models to characterize ecosystem status and trends. We have applied TOPS to investigate trends and patterns in landscape indicators using test cases at both national and park-level scales to demonstrate the potential utility of TOPS for supporting efforts by the National Park Service to develop standardized indicators for protected area monitoring. Our analysis of coarse resolution satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measurements for North America from 1982–2006 indicates that all but a few PAs are located in areas that exhibited a sustained decline in vegetation condition. We used Yosemite National Park as our park-level test case, and while no significant trends in NDVI were detected during the same period, evidence of drought-induced vegetation mortality and recovery patterns dominated the 25-year record. In our Yosemite analysis, we show that analyzing MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) products (vegetation indices, absorbed radiation, land surface temperature and gross primary production) in conjunction with ground-based measurements, such as runoff, lends additional utility to satellite-based monitoring of ecosystems indicators, as together they provide a comprehensive view of ecosystem condition. Analyses of MODIS products from 2001–2006 show that year-to-year changes in the onset of spring at Yosemite were as large as 45 days, and this signal in the satellite data record is corroborated by observed changes in spring runoff patterns. Finally, we applied TOPS to assess long-term climate impacts on ecosystem condition at the scale of an individual park. When driven by projected climatic changes at Yosemite of 4–6 °C warming by 2100 with no changes in precipitation patterns, TOPS predicts significantly reduced winter snowpack and an earlier onset of the growing season, resulting in prolonged summer drought and reduced vegetation productivity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring -- Remote sensing
KW  - GLOBAL environmental change -- Research
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SNOW cover
KW  - PLANT phenology
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in earth sciences
KW  - MICROCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - YOSEMITE National Park (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Ecological forecasting
KW  - Ecosystem modeling
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Protected areas monitoring
KW  - Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS)
KW  - Yosemite National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 40115960; Nemani, Ramakrishna 1; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2 Votava, Petr 2 Melton, Forrest 2 Wang, Weile 2 Michaelis, Andrew 2 Mutch, Linda 3 Milesi, Cristina 2 Hiatt, Sam 2 White, Michael 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, United States  3: Sierra Nevada Network, National Park Service, Three Rivers, CA 93271, United States  4: Utah State University, Logan, UT 84231, United States; Source Info: Jul2009, Vol. 113 Issue 7, p1497; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: GLOBAL environmental change -- Research; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SNOW cover; Subject Term: PLANT phenology; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in earth sciences; Subject Term: MICROCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: YOSEMITE National Park (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecological forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protected areas monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Yosemite National Park; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2008.06.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornby, Gregory S.
AU  - Kurtoglu, Tolga
T1  - Toward a Smarter Web.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/07/17/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5938
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
EP  - 278
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses the application of optimization techniques known as evolutionary algorithms to promote computational intelligence that will lead to adaptive Web sites. Beginning in the 1990s, evolutionary algorithms have been applied to architectural problems, as well as to industrial and engineering designs. While they have been applied to computer and Internet technologies only recently, these algorithms have been used to generate three-dimensional shapes, create architectural forms, and enable musical synthesis and composition. The development of GenJam, an interactive evolutionary algorithm for real-time jazz improvisation, is referenced.
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence -- Research
KW  - ASSISTIVE computer technology
KW  - WEB design
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPOSITION (Musical composition)
N1  - Accession Number: 43608590; Hornby, Gregory S. 1; Email Address: gregory.s.hornby@nasa.gov Kurtoglu, Tolga 2; Email Address: tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of California at Santa Cruz, University Affiliated Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Mission Critical Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/17/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5938, p277; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence -- Research; Subject Term: ASSISTIVE computer technology; Subject Term: WEB design; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPOSITION (Musical composition); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wei, Chenyu
AU  - PohoriIIe, Andrew
T1  - Permeation of Membranes by Ribose and Its Diastereomers.
JO  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
JF  - Journal of the American Chemical Society
Y1  - 2009/07/29/
VL  - 131
IS  - 29
M3  - Article
SP  - 10237
EP  - 10245
SN  - 00027863
AB  - It was recently found that ribose permeates membranes an order of magnitude faster than its diastereomers arabinose and xylose (Sacerdote, M. G.; Szostak, J. W. Proc. Nat!. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2005, 102, 6004). On this basis it was hypothesized that differences in membrane permeability to aldopentoses provide a mechanism for preferential delivery of ribose to primitive cells for subsequent selective incorporation into nucleotides and their polymers. However, the origins of these unusually large differences have not been well understood. We address this issue in molecular dynamics simulations combined with free energy calculations. It is found that the free energy of transferring ribose from water to the bilayer is lower by 1.5-2 kcal/mol than the barrier for transferring the other two aldopentoses. The calculated and measured permeability coefficients are in excellent agreement. The sugar structures that permeate the membrane are β-pyranoses, with a possible contribution of the α-anomer for arabinose. The furanoid form of ribose is not substantially involved in permeation, even though it is non-negligibly populated in aqueous solution. The differences in free energy of transfer between ribose and arabinose or xylose are attributed, at least in part, to stronger highly cooperative, intramolecular interactions between consecutive exocyclic hydroxyl groups, which are stable in nonpolar media but rare in water. Water/hexadecane partition coefficients of the sugars obtained from separate molecular dynamics simulations correlate with the calculated permeability coefficients, in qualitative agreement with the Overton rule. The relevance of our calculations to understanding the origins of life is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Chemical Society is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERMEABILITY
KW  - RIBOSE
KW  - DIASTEREOISOMERS
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - HYDROXYL group
N1  - Accession Number: 43797163; Wei, Chenyu 1,2; Email Address: chenyu.wei@nasa.gov PohoriIIe, Andrew 2,3; Email Address: pohorill@raphael.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stops 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-2280  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stops 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 7/29/2009, Vol. 131 Issue 29, p10237; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Subject Term: RIBOSE; Subject Term: DIASTEREOISOMERS; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaul, Upender K.
T1  - New Dissipative Leapfrog Finite Difference Scheme for Elastodynamic Simulation in Noninertial Frames.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 47
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1916
EP  - 1925
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A new approach to numerically solving problems of the elastodynamics of arbitrarily shaped bodies with nonuniform material properties in rotation has been proposed in the present study. The present approach is based on first principles and is well suited to the study of problems of fluid-structure interaction and wave-based structural health monitoring. The governing hyperbolic partial differential equations of elastodynamics are cast in strong conservation form in the noninertial frame of reference and in generalized curvilinear coordinates. The results are obtained directly in the time domain. No special boundary treatment is required at material interfaces, and predictions can be made with and without material damage in a given structure for damage detection of the structure. The effect on the dynamics of a rotating annulus due to centrifugal force and, additionally, Coriolis force at high rates of rotation is studied. The partial differential equations are solved using a new dissipative time-centered leapfrog scheme presented here. A one-dimensional theoretical analysis of the numerical scheme shows that the new scheme has well-defined stability and dissipation characteristics. A comparison of the new scheme with a conventional dissipative time-centered leapfrog scheme shows that much larger time steps can be taken with the new scheme than allowed by the existing scheme. A dissipation-dependence study demonstrates that as the dissipation parameter is decreased, the steady-state solution uniformly approaches the exact solution. For larger values of this parameter, although the natural frequency of the system is not altered, the system vibrations damp too quickly, and the steady-state solution deviates from the exact steady-state solution. The larger the dissipation parameter, the larger this deviation from the exact steady state. The present scheme is very simple to incorporate in a finite difference simulation of elastodynamics in generalized curvilinear coordinates, and it has been used in the software FIDDLE, which solves the velocity-stress system of elastodynamic partial differential equations. It will be used in simulating fluid-elastodynamic interaction of the Mars Science Laboratory canopies and other decelerators such as inflatable aerodynamic devices as well as in wave-based structural health monitoring of these systems. Other applications include elastodynamics of turbomachinery blades, computer disk drive, and cutting-tool industry applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - FLUID-structure interaction
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 43828259; Kaul, Upender K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 47 Issue 8, p1916; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: FLUID-structure interaction; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41393
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diez, F.J.
AU  - Aalburg, C.
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
AU  - Yuan, Z.-G.
AU  - Faeth, G.M.
T1  - Soot properties of laminar jet diffusion flames in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 156
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1514
EP  - 1524
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: The soot properties of round, non-buoyant, laminar jet diffusion flames are described, based on experiments carried out in microgravity conditions during three flights of the Space Shuttle Columbia (Flights STS-83, 94 and 107). Experimental conditions included ethylene- and propane-fueled flames burning in still air at an ambient temperature of 298K and ambient pressures of 35–100kPa. Measurements included soot volume fraction distributions using deconvolved laser extinction imaging and soot temperature distributions using deconvolved multiline emission imaging. Mixture fractions were estimated from the temperature measurements. Flow field modeling based on the work of Spalding is presented. It is shown that most of the volume of these flames is inside the dividing streamline and thus should follow residence time state relationships. Most streamlines from the fuel supply to the surroundings exhibit nearly the same maximum soot volume fraction and maximum temperature. The present work studies whether soot properties of these flames are universal functions of mixture fraction, i.e., whether they satisfy soot state relationships. Soot state relationships were observed, i.e., soot volume fraction was found to correlate reasonably well with estimated mixture fraction for each fuel/pressure selection. These results support the existence of soot property state relationships in steady non-buoyant laminar diffusion flames, and thus in a large class of practical turbulent diffusion flames through the application of the laminar flamelet concept. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOOT
KW  - FLAME
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - Laminar flamelets
KW  - Non-buoyant flames
KW  - Non-premixed flames
KW  - Soot
N1  - Accession Number: 43035575; Diez, F.J. 1 Aalburg, C. 2 Sunderland, P.B. 3 Urban, D.L. 4; Email Address: david.l.urban@nasa.gov Yuan, Z.-G. 4 Faeth, G.M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA  2: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  3: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 156 Issue 8, p1514; Subject Term: SOOT; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar flamelets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-buoyant flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-premixed flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.04.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strus, Mark C.
AU  - Cano, Camilo I.
AU  - Byron Pipes, R.
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
AU  - Raman, Arvind
T1  - Interfacial energy between carbon nanotubes and polymers measured from nanoscale peel tests in the atomic force microscope
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 69
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1580
EP  - 1586
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: The future development of polymer composite materials with nanotubes or nanoscale fibers requires the ability to understand and improve the interfacial bonding at the nanotube–polymer matrix interface. In recent work [Strus MC, Zalamea L, Raman A, Pipes RB, Nguyen CV, Stach EA. Peeling force spectroscopy: exposing the adhesive nanomechanics of one-dimensional nanostructures. Nano Lett 2008;8(2):544–50], it has been shown that a new mode in the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), peeling force spectroscopy, can be used to understand the adhesive mechanics of carbon nanotubes peeled from a surface. In the present work, we demonstrate how AFM peeling force spectroscopy can be used to distinguish between elastic and interfacial components during a nanoscale peel test, thus enabling the direct measurement of interfacial energy between an individual nanotube or nanofiber and a given material surface. The proposed method provides a convenient experimental framework to quickly screen different combinations of polymers and functionalized nanotubes for optimal interfacial strength. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - NANOFIBERS
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - CHEMICAL peel
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - A. Nanoscale peeling
KW  - B. Carbon nanotubes
KW  - C. Polymer nanocomposites
KW  - D. Interfacial fracture energy
KW  - E. Atomic force microscope
KW  - F. Surface energy
N1  - Accession Number: 41586254; Strus, Mark C. 1 Cano, Camilo I. 2 Byron Pipes, R. 2,3,4 Nguyen, Cattien V. 5 Raman, Arvind 1; Email Address: raman@purdue.edu; Affiliation:  1: Birck Nanotechnology Center and School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA  2: School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA  3: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA  4: School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA  5: ELORET Corp, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 69 Issue 10, p1580; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: NANOFIBERS; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: CHEMICAL peel; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Nanoscale peeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Polymer nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Interfacial fracture energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Atomic force microscope; Author-Supplied Keyword: F. Surface energy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.02.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Housman, Jeffrey
AU  - Kiris, Cetin
AU  - Hafez, Mohamed
T1  - Preconditioned methods for simulations of low speed compressible flows
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 38
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1411
EP  - 1423
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: A time-derivative preconditioned system of equations suitable for the numerical simulation of inviscid compressible flow at low speeds is formulated. The preconditioned system of equations are hyperbolic in time and remain well-conditioned in the incompressible limit. The preconditioning formulation is easily generalized to multicomponent/multiphase mixtures. When applying conservative methods to multicomponent flows with sharp fluid interfaces, nonphysical solution behavior is observed. This stimulated the authors to develop an alternative solution method based on the nonconservative form of the equations which does not generate the aforementioned nonphysical behavior. Before the results of the application of the nonconservative method to multicomponent flow problems is reported, the accuracy of the method on single component flows will be demonstrated. In this report a series of steady and unsteady inviscid flow problems are simulated using the nonconservative method and a well-known conservative scheme. It is demonstrated that the nonconservative method is both accurate and robust for smooth low speed flows, in comparison to its conservative counterpart. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - FLUIDS
N1  - Accession Number: 38318398; Housman, Jeffrey 1; Email Address: jhousman@ucdavis.edu Kiris, Cetin 2; Email Address: ckiris@mail.arc.nasa.gov Hafez, Mohamed 1; Email Address: mhafez@ucdavis.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Davis, CA 95616, United States  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 38 Issue 7, p1411; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: FLUIDS; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.01.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salas, Manuel D.
AU  - Atkins, Harold L.
T1  - On problems associated with grid convergence of functionals
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 38
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1445
EP  - 1454
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: The current use of functionals to evaluate order-of-convergence of a numerical scheme can lead to incorrect values. The problem comes about because of interplay between the errors from the evaluation of the functional, e.g. quadrature error, and from the numerical scheme discretization. Alternative procedures for deducing the order property of a scheme are presented. The problems are studied within the context of the inviscid supersonic flow over a blunt body; however, the problems and solutions presented are not unique to this example. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FUNCTION spaces
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
KW  - CALCULUS of variations
KW  - FUNCTIONALS (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 38318401; Salas, Manuel D.; Email Address: m.d.salas@nasa.gov Atkins, Harold L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 499, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 38 Issue 7, p1445; Subject Term: FUNCTION spaces; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: CALCULUS of variations; Subject Term: FUNCTIONALS (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.01.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paletz, Susannah B. F.
AU  - Bearman, Christopher
AU  - Orasanu, Judith
AU  - Holbrook, Jon
T1  - Socializing the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System: Incorporating Social Psychological Phenomena Into a Human Factors Error Classification System.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 445
SN  - 00187208
AB  - Objective: The presence of social psychological pressures on pilot decision making was assessed using qualitative analyses of critical incident interviews. Background: Social psychological phenomena have long been known to influence attitudes and behavior but have not been highlighted in accident investigation models. Method: Using a critical incident method, 28 pilots who flew in Alaska were interviewed. The participants were asked to describe a situation involving weather when they were pilot in command and found their skills challenged. They were asked to describe the incident in detail but were not explicitly asked to identify social pressures. Pressures were extracted from transcripts in a bottom-up manner and then clustered into themes. Results: Of the 28 pilots, 16 described social psychological pressures on their decision making, specifically, informational social influence, the foot-in-the-door persuasion technique, normalization of deviance, and impression management and self-consistency motives. Conclusion: We believe accident and incident investigations can benefit from explicit inclusion of common social psychological pressures. Application: We recommend specific ways of incorporating these pressures into the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOCIAL psychology
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - QUALITATIVE research
KW  - SOCIAL influence
KW  - SOCIAL pressure
KW  - PERSUASION (Psychology)
N1  - Accession Number: 44482802; Paletz, Susannah B. F. 1; Email Address: sbfpaletz@gmail.com Bearman, Christopher 2 Orasanu, Judith 3 Holbrook, Jon 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  4: San Jose State University Research Foundation, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p435; Subject Term: SOCIAL psychology; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE research; Subject Term: SOCIAL influence; Subject Term: SOCIAL pressure; Subject Term: PERSUASION (Psychology); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0018720809343588
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Sanford S.
T1  - An analytical model for a transient vapor plume on the Moon
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 202
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 392
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Naturally occurring lunar transients have been observed for many centuries. Artificially induced impacts on airless near-Earth objects are now being used as a test bed to study a wide range of geomorphic phenomena. In this paper an analytical theory is used to predict the flash event that signals the initial phase of a surface impact. The model predicts the wave form, duration, and radiated energy content of the vapor plume starting only with the mass and kinetic energy of the impactor. The theory is applied to the planned 2009 LCROSS lunar impact where the impact flash event is predicted. The transient radiation emitted by the impact can be used to obtain some relevant impact parameters, and it is predicted to be energetic enough to possibly be captured by terrestrial observers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - LUNAR geology
KW  - NEAR-Earth objects
KW  - MOON
KW  - MOON -- Observations
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Collisional physics
KW  - Photometry
KW  - surface ( Moon )
N1  - Accession Number: 43178904; Davis, Sanford S. 1; Email Address: sanford.s.davis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 202 Issue 2, p383; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: LUNAR geology; Subject Term: NEAR-Earth objects; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: MOON -- Observations; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collisional physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Moon ); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolaou, Symeon
AU  - Kingsley, Nickolas D.
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
AU  - Tentzeris, Manos M.
T1  - UWB Elliptical Monopoles With a Reconfigurable Band Notch Using MEMS Switches Actuated Without Bias Lines.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 57
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2242
EP  - 2251
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Two CPW-fed elliptical monopoles were fabricated on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) with reconfigurable rejection band (band-notch) characteristics in the frequency range between S and 6 GHz. The first antenna uses a λ/2 long, U-shaped slot and the second antenna uses two symmetrically placed λ/4 long, inverted L-shaped stubs as resonating elements. Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switches are used to activate and deactivate the resonating elements without the need of dc bias lines due to a novel design of the switch geometry. Transmission line models and surface current distributions are used to explain the effect of the added resonating elements. Reflection coefficient radiation pattern and gain measurements are presented to verify the design concepts featuring a very satisfactory performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - MAGNETIC monopoles
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - Band-notch
KW  - microelectromechanical system (MEMS)
KW  - reconfigurable
KW  - ultrawideband (UWB)
N1  - Accession Number: 44060741; Nikolaou, Symeon 1; Email Address: s.nikolaou@frederick.ac.cy Kingsley, Nickolas D. 2 Ponchak, George E. 3 Papapolymerou, John 4 Tentzeris, Manos M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Frederick University, Nicosia 1036, Cyprus  2: Auriga Measurement Systems, Lowell, MA 01854 USA  3: NASA - Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH USA  4: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 57 Issue 8, p2242; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Subject Term: MAGNETIC monopoles; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Band-notch; Author-Supplied Keyword: microelectromechanical system (MEMS); Author-Supplied Keyword: reconfigurable; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultrawideband (UWB); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2024450
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muratov, Cyrill B.
AU  - Osipov, Viatcheslav V.
T1  - Bit Storage by 360° Domain Walls in Ferromagnetic Nanorings.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 45
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3207
EP  - 3209
SN  - 00189464
AB  - We propose a theoretical design for a magnetic memory cell, based on thin-film ferromagnetic nanorings, that can efficiently store, record, and read out information. An information bit is represented by the polarity of a stable 360° domain wall introduced into the ring. Switching between the two magnetization states is done by a current applied to a wire passing through the ring, whereby the 360° domain wall splits into two charged 180° walls, which then move to the opposite extreme of the ring to recombine into a 360° wall of the opposite polarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SWITCHING theory
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - DOMAIN structure
KW  - GEOMAGNETIC reversals
KW  - Current-induced switching
KW  - ferromagnetic rings
KW  - magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM)
KW  - micromagnetic modeling
KW  - topological domain walls
N1  - Accession Number: 43729033; Muratov, Cyrill B. 1; Email Address: muratov@njit.edu Osipov, Viatcheslav V. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA  2: Mission Critical Technologies, Inc., El Segundo, CA 90245 USA  3: Intelligent Systems Division, D&SH Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 45 Issue 8, p3207; Subject Term: SWITCHING theory; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: DOMAIN structure; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETIC reversals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Current-induced switching; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferromagnetic rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM); Author-Supplied Keyword: micromagnetic modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: topological domain walls; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2020329
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stepanyan, Vahram
AU  - Kurdila, Andrew
T1  - Asymptotic Tracking of Uncertain Systems With Continuous Control Using Adaptive Bounding.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1329
SN  - 10459227
AB  - This paper presents a robust adaptive control design method for a class of multiple-input-multiple-output uncertain nonlinear systems in the presence of parametric and nonparametric uncertainties and bounded disturbances. Using the approximation properties of the unknown continuous nonlinearities and the adaptive bounding technique, the developed controller achieves asymptotic convergence of the tracking error to zero, while ensuring boundedness of parameter estimation errors. The algorithm does not assume the knowledge of any bound on the unknown quantities in designing the controller. It is based on an integral technique involving the filtered tracking error and produces a continuous control. Theoretical developments are illustrated via simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC expansions
KW  - ASYMPTOTES
KW  - SYSTEMS theory -- Asymptotic theory
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - Asymptotic tracking
KW  - disturbance rejection
KW  - neural network approximation
KW  - nonlinear uncertain systems
N1  - Accession Number: 44111455; Stepanyan, Vahram 1,2; Email Address: vahram.stepanyan@nasa.gov Kurdila, Andrew 1,3; Email Address: kurdila@vt.edu; Affiliation:  1: Member, IEEE  2: Mission Critical Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0203 USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 20 Issue 8, p1320; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC expansions; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTES; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory -- Asymptotic theory; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: ROBUST control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asymptotic tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: disturbance rejection; Author-Supplied Keyword: neural network approximation; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonlinear uncertain systems; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNN.2009.2023214
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, John A.
AU  - Smith, Stephen W.
AU  - Piascik, Robert S.
T1  - K max effects on the near-threshold fatigue crack growth of powder-metallurgy aluminum alloys
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 31
IS  - 8/9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1237
EP  - 1245
SN  - 01421123
AB  - Abstract: Fatigue crack growth (FCG) research conducted in the near-threshold regime has identified a room-temperature creep crack growth damage mechanism for a fine-grain powder-metallurgy aluminum alloy (8009). At very low ΔK, an abrupt acceleration in room-temperature FCG rate occurs at high stress ratio and is exacerbated by increased levels of K max (K max ⩾0.4K Ic). Detailed crack-surface analysis correlates accelerated FCG with the formation of crack-tip process zone micro-void damage. Experimental results show that the near-threshold and K max influenced accelerated crack growth is time and temperature dependent. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys -- Fatigue
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - GRANULAR materials
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys -- Metallurgy
KW  - METAL powders
KW  - Aluminum alloys
KW  - Fatigue crack growth
KW  - Fine-grain
KW  - K max
KW  - Room-temperature creep
KW  - Threshold
N1  - Accession Number: 40115403; Newman, John A. 1; Email Address: andynewman@cox.net Smith, Stephen W. 1 Piascik, Robert S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Durability, Damage Tolerance and Reliability Branch, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: NASA Engineering and Safety Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 31 Issue 8/9, p1237; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys -- Fatigue; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys -- Metallurgy; Subject Term: METAL powders; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fine-grain; Author-Supplied Keyword: K max; Author-Supplied Keyword: Room-temperature creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Threshold; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331492 Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.01.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pineda, Evan J.
AU  - Waas, Anthony M.
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Collier, Craig S.
AU  - Yarrington, Phillip W.
T1  - Progressive damage and failure modeling in notched laminated fiber reinforced composites.
JO  - International Journal of Fracture
JF  - International Journal of Fracture
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 158
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 143
SN  - 03769429
AB  - A novel progressive damage and failure model for fiber reinforced laminated composites is presented in this work. The model uses the thermodynamically based Schapery Theory (ST) to model progressive microdamage in the matrix phase. Matrix failure is not governed with a matrix failure criterion, but rather matrix failure occurs naturally through the evolution of microdamage. A maximum strain criterion is used to dictate tensile failure in the fiber direction, while compressive failure is automatically accounted for by allowing local fiber rotations and tracking the evolution of rotation. The results of this model are compared to a previously developed model that used ST at the lamina level to calculate matrix microdamage, but used the Generalized Method of Cells to resolve the lamina level strains into constituent level stresses and strains and determines constituent failure by evaluating failure criteria at the micro, fiber/matrix level. Results for global load versus displacement and local strain from both models are compared to experimental data for notched laminates loaded in uniaxial tension. The results show remarkable agreement qualitatively, and in many cases the quantitative agreement is good. Accurate damage contours and failure paths are predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fracture is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - QUALITATIVE research
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
N1  - Accession Number: 43751067; Pineda, Evan J. 1 Waas, Anthony M. 2; Email Address: dcw@umich.edu Bednarcyk, Brett A. 3 Collier, Craig S. 4 Yarrington, Phillip W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  4: Collier Research Corporation, Hampton, VA, USA.; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 158 Issue 2, p125; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: QUALITATIVE research; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 11 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10704-009-9370-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dávila, Carlos
AU  - Rose, Cheryl A.
AU  - Camanho, Pedro P.
T1  - A procedure for superposing linear cohesive laws to represent multiple damage mechanisms in the fracture of composites.
JO  - International Journal of Fracture
JF  - International Journal of Fracture
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 158
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 223
SN  - 03769429
AB  - The relationships between a resistance curve (R-curve), the corresponding fracture process zone length, the shape of the traction-displacement softening law, and the propagation of fracture are examined in the context of the through-the-thickness fracture of composite laminates. A procedure for superposing linear cohesive laws to approximate an experimentally-determined R-curve is proposed. Simple equations are developed for determining the separation of the critical energy release rates and the strengths that define the independent contributions of each linear softening law in the superposition. The proposed procedure is demonstrated for the longitudinal fracture of a fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composite. It is shown that the R-curve measured with a Compact Tension Specimen test cannot be predicted using a linear softening law, but can be reproduced by superposing two linear softening laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fracture is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - R-curves
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - Cohesive elements
KW  - Composites
KW  - Crack propagation
KW  - Damage
KW  - Failure
KW  - Fracture
N1  - Accession Number: 43751076; Dávila, Carlos 1; Email Address: carlos.g.davila@nasa.gov Rose, Cheryl A. 1 Camanho, Pedro P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.  2: DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 158 Issue 2, p211; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: R-curves; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10704-009-9366-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43751076&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeMange, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Prakash, Vikas
AU  - Pereira, J. Michael
T1  - Effects of material microstructure on blunt projectile penetration of a nickel-based super alloy
JO  - International Journal of Impact Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Impact Engineering
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 36
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1027
EP  - 1043
SN  - 0734743X
AB  - Abstract: Engine fan-blade containment systems, required in many aviation applications, are frequently manufactured from high-temperature superalloys, such as Inconel-718. As in many other applications, there is an incessant desire to maximize mechanical properties of the containment component while minimizing its weight. However, a thorough understanding of the impact behavior of the various heat treatments of these alloys in engine fan-blade containment applications does not currently exist. Due to this incomplete state of knowledge, a combined experimental–analytical investigation was conducted at CWRU in collaboration with researchers at NASA GRC. As a part of this investigation, thin plates of Inconel-718, in both annealed and precipitation hardened conditions were subjected to semi-quantitative high speed penetration tests. Dynamic compression and top hat shear localization tests using a split Hopkinson pressure bar were also conducted as part of a more fundamental assessment of this material. The measured dynamic material response in compression was used to develop a material model which adequately described the dynamic behavior of IN-718 in both the annealed and precipitation hardened states. Moreover, a transient large deformation thermo-elastic-viscoplastic finite element code is used to understand the local thermo-mechanical fields during impact in both the annealed and precipitation hardened microstructures. The results from these studies show that the annealed material demonstrated superior penetration resistance when compared with the hardened material. The annealed IN-718 absorbed more energy through multiple deformation modes and did not show any susceptibility to shear localization, which was in contrast to the precipitation hardened material. These results, therefore, suggest a precipitation hardened condition may not be optimal for impact energy absorption applications, such as, in engine fan-blade containment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Impact Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - STEREOLOGY
KW  - PHOTOGRAPHIC interpretation
KW  - PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
KW  - Constitutive modeling
KW  - Dynamic compression
KW  - Dynamic shear localization
KW  - High-speed penetration
KW  - Inconel-718
N1  - Accession Number: 38320173; DeMange, Jeffrey J. 1 Prakash, Vikas 1; Email Address: vikas.prakash@case.edu Pereira, J. Michael 2; Affiliation:  1: Case Western Reserve University, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Glennan 616B, Cleveland, OH 44106-7222, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 36 Issue 8, p1027; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: STEREOLOGY; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAPHIC interpretation; Subject Term: PHOTOMICROGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constitutive modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic shear localization; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-speed penetration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inconel-718; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2009.01.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Păsăreanu, Corina
AU  - Visser, Willem
T1  - A survey of new trends in symbolic execution for software testing and analysis.
JO  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
JF  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 11
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 339
EP  - 353
SN  - 14332779
AB  - Symbolic execution is a well-known program analysis technique which represents program inputs with symbolic values instead of concrete, initialized, data and executes the program by manipulating program expressions involving the symbolic values. Symbolic execution has been proposed over three decades ago but recently it has found renewed interest in the research community, due in part to the progress in decision procedures, availability of powerful computers and new algorithmic developments. We provide here a survey of some of the new research trends in symbolic execution, with particular emphasis on applications to test generation and program analysis. We first describe an approach that handles complex programming constructs such as input recursive data structures, arrays, as well as multithreading. Furthermore, we describe recent hybrid techniques that combine concrete and symbolic execution to overcome some of the inherent limitations of symbolic execution, such as handling native code or availability of decision procedures for the application domain. We follow with a discussion of techniques that can be used to limit the (possibly infinite) number of symbolic configurations that need to be analyzed for the symbolic execution of looping programs. Finally, we give a short survey of interesting new applications, such as predictive testing, invariant inference, program repair, analysis of parallel numerical programs and differential symbolic execution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software -- Verification
KW  - JAVA (Computer program language)
KW  - HEURISTIC programming
KW  - COMPUTER logic
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits -- Verification
KW  - BOOLEAN algebra
N1  - Accession Number: 44709044; Păsăreanu, Corina 1; Email Address: Corina.S.Pasareanu@nasa.gov Visser, Willem 2; Email Address: willem@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: Department of Computer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch South Africa; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 11 Issue 4, p339; Subject Term: COMPUTER software -- Verification; Subject Term: JAVA (Computer program language); Subject Term: HEURISTIC programming; Subject Term: COMPUTER logic; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits -- Verification; Subject Term: BOOLEAN algebra; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10009-009-0118-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44709044&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zibordi, Giuseppe
AU  - Holben, Brent
AU  - Slutsker, Ilya
AU  - Giles, David
AU  - D'Alimonte, Davide
AU  - Mélin, Frédéric
AU  - Berthon, Jean-François
AU  - Vandemark, Doug
AU  - Hui Feng
AU  - Schuster, Gregory
AU  - Fabbri, Bryan E.
AU  - Kaitala, Seppo
AU  - Seppälä, Jukka
T1  - AERONET-OC: A Network for the Validation of Ocean Color Primary Products.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1634
EP  - 1651
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The ocean color component of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET-OC) has been implemented to support long-term satellite ocean color investigations through cross-site consistent and accurate measurements collected by autonomous radiometer systems deployed on offshore fixed platforms. The AERONET-OC data products are the normalized water-leaving radiances determined at various center wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. These data complement atmospheric AERONET aerosol products, such as optical thickness, size distribution, single scattering albedo, and phase function. This work describes in detail this new AERONET component and its specific elements including measurement method, instrument calibration, processing scheme, quality assurance, uncertainties, data archive, and products accessibility. Additionally, the atmospheric and bio-optical features of the sites currently included in AERONET-OC are briefly summarized. After illustrating the application of AERONET-OC data to the validation of primary satellite products over a variety of complex coastal waters, recommendations are then provided for the identification of new deployment sites most suitable to support satellite ocean color missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN color
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - SPECTRAL irradiance
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 43653522; Zibordi, Giuseppe 1; Email Address: giuseppe.zibordi@jrc.it Holben, Brent 2 Slutsker, Ilya 3 Giles, David 3 D'Alimonte, Davide 4 Mélin, Frédéric 1 Berthon, Jean-François 1 Vandemark, Doug 5 Hui Feng 5 Schuster, Gregory 6 Fabbri, Bryan E. 6 Kaitala, Seppo 7 Seppälä, Jukka 7; Affiliation:  1: Global Environment Monitoring Unit, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  4: Centro de Inteligência Artificial, Universitade Nova de Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal  5: OPAL, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  7: Finnish Environment Institute, Marine Centre, Helsinki, Finland; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p1634; Subject Term: OCEAN color; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTRAL irradiance; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JTECHO654.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43653522&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tangdong Qu
AU  - Shan Gao
AU  - Fukumori, Ichiro
AU  - Fine, Rana A.
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric J.
T1  - Origin and Pathway of Equatorial 13°C Water in the Pacific Identified by a Simulated Passive Tracer and Its Adjoint.
JO  - Journal of Physical Oceanography
JF  - Journal of Physical Oceanography
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 39
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1836
EP  - 1853
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00223670
AB  - The origin and pathway of the thermostad water in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, often referred to as the equatorial 13°C Water, are investigated using a simulated passive tracer and its adjoint, based on circulation estimates of a global general circulation model. Results demonstrate that the source region of the 13°C Water lies well outside the tropics. In the South Pacific, some 13°C Water is formed northeast of New Zealand, confirming an earlier hypothesis on the water’s origin. The South Pacific origin of the 13°C Water is also related to the formation of the Eastern Subtropical Mode Water (ESTMW) and the Sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW). The portion of the ESTMW and SAMW that eventually enters the density range of the 13°C Water (25.8 < σθ < 26.6 kg m-3) does so largely by mixing. Water formed in the subtropics enters the equatorial region predominantly through the western boundary, while its interior transport is relatively small. The fresher North Pacific ESTMW and Central Mode Water (CMW) are also important sources of the 13°C Water. The ratio of the southern versus the northern origins of the water mass is about 2 to 1 and tends to increase with time elapsed from its origin. Of the total volume of initially tracer-tagged water in the eastern equatorial Pacific, approximately 47.5% originates from depths above σθ = 25.8 kg m-3 and 34.6% from depths below σθ = 26.6 kg m-3, indicative of a dramatic impact of mixing on the route of subtropical water to becoming the 13°C Water. Still only a small portion of the water formed in the subtropics reaches the equatorial region, because most of the water is trapped and recirculates in the subtropical gyre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Oceanography is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOSTAT
KW  - WATER masses
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY
KW  - GENERAL circulation model
KW  - PACIFIC Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 43743450; Tangdong Qu 1; Email Address: tangdong@hawaii.edu Shan Gao 1,2 Fukumori, Ichiro 3 Fine, Rana A. 4 Lindstrom, Eric J. 5; Affiliation:  1: International Pacific Research Center, SOEST, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii  2: Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  4: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida  5: Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 39 Issue 8, p1836; Subject Term: THERMOSTAT; Subject Term: WATER masses; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY; Subject Term: GENERAL circulation model; Subject Term: PACIFIC Ocean; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JPO4045.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43743450&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fu, Dejian
AU  - Boone, Chris D.
AU  - Bernath, Peter F.
AU  - Weisenstein, Debra K.
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Manney, Gloria L.
AU  - Walker, Kaley A.
T1  - First global observations of atmospheric COClF from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment mission
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 110
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 974
EP  - 985
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Carbonyl chlorofluoride (COClF) is an important reservoir of chlorine and fluorine in the Earth''s atmosphere. Satellite-based remote sensing measurements of COClF, obtained by the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) for a time period spanning February 2004 through April 2007, have been used in a global distribution study. There is a strong source region for COClF in the tropical stratosphere near 27km. A layer of enhanced COClF spans the low- to mid-stratosphere over all latitudes, with volume mixing ratios of 40–100 parts per trillion by volume, largest in the tropics and decreasing toward the poles. The COClF volume mixing ratio profiles are nearly zonally symmetric, but they exhibit a small hemispheric asymmetry that likely arises from a hemispheric asymmetry in the parent molecule CCl3F. Comparisons are made with a set of in situ stratospheric measurements from the mid-1980s and with predictions from a 2-D model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - FLUORIDES
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - CARBONYL compounds
KW  - CCl3F
KW  - COClF
KW  - Infrared atmospheric remote sounding
KW  - Measurement-model comparisons
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Stratospheric chemistry
KW  - Stratospheric chlorine chemistry
KW  - Stratospheric fluorine chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 40637413; Fu, Dejian 1,2; Email Address: dfu@scisat.ca Boone, Chris D. 1 Bernath, Peter F. 1,3 Weisenstein, Debra K. 4 Rinsland, Curtis P. 5 Manney, Gloria L. 2,6 Walker, Kaley A. 1,7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada ON N2L 3G1  2: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK  4: Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA  7: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada ON M5S 1A7; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 110 Issue 12, p974; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: FLUORIDES; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: CARBONYL compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: CCl3F; Author-Supplied Keyword: COClF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared atmospheric remote sounding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement-model comparisons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric chlorine chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric fluorine chemistry; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.02.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=40637413&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoff, Raymond
AU  - Hai Zhang
AU  - Jordan, Nikisa
AU  - Prados, Ana
AU  - Engel-Cox, Jill
AU  - Huff, Amy
AU  - Weber, Stephanie
AU  - Zell, Erica
AU  - Kondragunta, Shobha
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Johns, Brad
AU  - Dimmick, Fred
AU  - Wimmers, Anthony
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jay
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
T1  - Applications of the Three-Dimensional Air Quality System to Western U.S. Air Quality: IDEA, Smog Blog, Smog Stories, AirQuest, and the Remote Sensing Information Gateway.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association)
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 59
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 980
EP  - 989
PB  - Air & Waste Management Association
SN  - 10962247
AB  - A system has been developed to combine remote sensing and ground-based measurements of aerosol concentration and aerosol light scattering parameters into a threedimensional view of the atmosphere over the United States. Utilizing passive and active remote sensors from space and the ground, the system provides tools to visualize particulate air pollution in near real time and archive the results for retrospective analyses. The main components of the system (Infusing satellite Data into Environmental Applications [IDEA], the U.S. Air Quality Weblog [Smog Blog], Smog Stories, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's AIRQuest decision support system, and the Remote Sensing Information Gateway [RSIG]) are described, and the relationship of how data move from one system to another is outlined. To provide examples of how the results can be used to analyze specific pollution episodes, three events (two fires and one wintertime low planetary boundary layer haze) are discussed. Not all tools are useful at all times, and the limitations, including the sparsity of some data, the interference caused by overlying clouds, etc., are shown. Nevertheless, multiple sources of data help a state, local, or regional air quality analyst construct a more thorough picture of a daily air pollution situation than what one would obtain with only surface-based sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Air & Waste Management Association) is the property of Air & Waste Management Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - AIR analysis
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - ENVIRONMENTALISM
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 43589879; Hoff, Raymond 1; Email Address: hoff@umbc.edu Hai Zhang 1 Jordan, Nikisa 1 Prados, Ana 1 Engel-Cox, Jill 2 Huff, Amy 2 Weber, Stephanie 2 Zell, Erica 2 Kondragunta, Shobha 3 Szykman, James 4 Johns, Brad 4 Dimmick, Fred 4 Wimmers, Anthony 5 Al-Saadi, Jay 6 Kittaka, Chieko 7; Affiliation:  1: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD  2: Battelle Memorial Institute, Arlington, VA  3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service, Camp Springs, MD  4: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI  5: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 59 Issue 8, p980; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: AIR analysis; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTALISM; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 3 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3155/1047-3289.59.8.980
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43589879&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anning Cheng
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
T1  - A PDF-Based Microphysics Parameterization for Simulation of Drizzling Boundary Layer Clouds.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 66
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2317
EP  - 2334
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - Formulating the contribution of subgrid-scale (SGS) variability to microphysical processes in boundary layer and deep convective cloud parameterizations is a challenging task because of the complexity of microphysical processes and the lack of subgrid-scale information. In this study, a warm-rain microphysics parameterization that is based on a joint double-Gaussian distribution of vertical velocity, liquid water potential temperature, total water mixing ratio, and perturbation of rainwater mixing ratio is developed to simulate drizzling boundary layer clouds with a single column model (SCM). The probability distribution function (PDF) is assumed, but its parameters evolve according to equations that invoke higher-order turbulence closure. These parameters are determined from the first-, second-, and third-order moments and are then used to derive analytical expressions for autoconversion, collection, and evaporation rates. The analytical expressions show that correlation between rainwater and liquid water mixing ratios of the Gaussians enhances the collection rate whereas that between saturation deficit and rainwater mixing ratios of the Gaussians enhances the evaporation rate. Cases of drizzling shallow cumulus and stratocumulus are simulated with large-eddy simulation (LES) and SCM runs (SCM-CNTL and SCM-M): LES explicitly resolves SGS variability, SCM-CNTL parameterizes SGS variability with the PDF-based scheme, but SCM-M uses the grid-mean profiles to calculate the conversion rates of microphysical processes. SCM-CNTL can well reproduce the autoconversion, collection, and evaporation rates from LES. Comparisons between the two SCM experiments showed improvements in mean profiles of potential temperature, total water mixing ratio, liquid water, and cloud amount in the simulations considering SGS variability. A 3-week integration using the PDF-based microphysics scheme indicates that the scheme is stable for long-term simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - EVAPORATION (Meteorology)
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
N1  - Accession Number: 43552485; Anning Cheng 1; Email Address: anning-cheng@ssaihq.com Kuan-Man Xu 2; Affiliation:  1: AS&M, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 66 Issue 8, p2317; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAS2944.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ford, William F.
AU  - Pennline, James A.
T1  - Singular non-linear two-point boundary value problems: Existence and uniqueness
JO  - Nonlinear Analysis
JF  - Nonlinear Analysis
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 71
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1059
EP  - 1072
SN  - 0362546X
AB  - Abstract: A general approach is presented for proving existence and uniqueness of solutions to the singular boundary value problem The proof is constructive in nature, and could be used for numerical generation of the solution. The only restriction placed on is that it not be a singular function of the independent variable ; singularities in are easily avoided. Solutions are found in finite regions where , using an integral equation whose Green’s function contains an adjustable parameter that secures convergence of the Picard iterative sequence. Methods based on the theory are developed and applied to a set of problems that have appeared previously in published works. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nonlinear Analysis is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIXED point theory
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - SINGULARITIES (Mathematics)
KW  - EXISTENCE theorems
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - INTEGRAL equations
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - Constructive existence, uniqueness
KW  - Green’s function
KW  - Integral equation
KW  - Picard sequence
KW  - Singular boundary value problem
N1  - Accession Number: 39347706; Ford, William F. 1 Pennline, James A.; Email Address: James.A.Pennline@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 71 Issue 3/4, p1059; Subject Term: FIXED point theory; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: SINGULARITIES (Mathematics); Subject Term: EXISTENCE theorems; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: INTEGRAL equations; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constructive existence, uniqueness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Green’s function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integral equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Picard sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Singular boundary value problem; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.na.2008.11.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Michael S.
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
T1  - The composition of dust in Jupiter-family comets inferred from infrared spectroscopy
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 57
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1133
EP  - 1145
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We review the composition of Jupiter-family comet (JFC) dust as inferred from infrared spectroscopy. We find that JFCs have silicate emission features with fluxes roughly 20–25% over the dust continuum (emission strength 1.20–1.25), similar to the weakest silicate features in Oort Cloud (OC) comets. We discuss the grain properties that alter the silicate emission feature (composition, size, and structure/shape), and emphasize that thermal emission from the comet nucleus can have significant influence on the derived silicate emission strength. Recent evidence suggests that grain porosity is the is different between JFCs and OC comets, but more observations and models of silicates in JFCs are needed to determine if a consistent set of grain parameters can explain their weak silicate emission features. Models of 8m telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope observations have shown that JFCs have crystalline silicates with abundances similar to or less than those found in OC comets, although the crystalline silicate mineralogy of comets 9P/Tempel and C/1995 O1 (Hale-Bopp) differ from each other in Mg and Fe content. The heterogeneity of comet nuclei can also be assessed with mid-infrared spectroscopy, and we review the evidence for heterogeneous dust properties in the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel. Models of dust formation, mixing in the solar nebula, and comet formation must be able to explain the observed range of Mg and Fe content and the heterogeneity of comet 9P/Tempel, although more work is needed in order to understand to what extent do comets 9P/Tempel and Hale-Bopp represent comets as a whole. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - COMETS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - Comets
KW  - Comets: dust
KW  - Spectra: infrared
N1  - Accession Number: 43412247; Kelley, Michael S. 1; Email Address: msk@physics.ucf.edu Wooden, Diane H. 2; Email Address: Diane.H.Wooden@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2385, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 57 Issue 10, p1133; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets: dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectra: infrared; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2008.11.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asthana, R.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Joining of ZrB2-based ultra-high-temperature ceramic composites using Pd-based braze alloys
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2009/08//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 260
SN  - 13596462
AB  - Hot-pressed ZrB2–SiC and composites with carbon (ZSC) or SCS-9a SiC fibers (ZSS) were joined using Pd-base brazes, Palco (65% Pd–35% Co) and Palni (60% Pd–40% Ni). Joint integrity was exhibited by the defect-free ZS/Palco/ZS joints with large interaction zones. The ZSS/Palco and ZSC/Palco joints revealed substantial chemical interaction and interfacial cracking due to residual stresses. The joints with Palni exhibited either poor wetting/bonding or cracking. The ZS/Palco joints displayed high Knoop hardness within the ZS region and lower hardness within the Palco interlayer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC-matrix composites
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - BRAZING alloys
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - BRAZED joints
KW  - ZIRCONIUM compounds
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - Brazing
KW  - Ceramic matrix composites (CMC)
KW  - Hardness
KW  - Interface structure
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
N1  - Accession Number: 39784913; Asthana, R. 1 Singh, M. 2; Email Address: mrityunjay.singh-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, MS 106-5, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p257; Subject Term: CERAMIC-matrix composites; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: BRAZING alloys; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: BRAZED joints; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM compounds; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic matrix composites (CMC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interface structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM); NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2009.03.053
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andersson, B.-G.
AU  - Potter, S. B.
T1  - The Magnetic Field in the Local Bubble Wall towards l,b∼300,0.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/08/03/
VL  - 1156
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 150
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Magnetic fields are thought to play important roles in many areas of interstellar medium dynamics by providing pressure terms as well as resisting the flow of charged particles across field lines. Observationally probably the easiest tracer of the magnetic field is the interstellar polarization, induced by asymmetric dust grains aligned with the magnetic field. Using the well-known Chadrasekhar-Fermi method we can use the dispersion in the polarization angles to derive an estimate of the plane-of-the-sky field component. Complementary measurements of Zeeman splitting in the H I or OH lines, or Faraday rotation of the emission from a background radio source, can provide the line-of-sight component. Here we use polarization of a set of stars with known distances to estimate a magnetic field strength in the wall of the Local Bubble, in a region towards l,b∼(300,0), of ∼8 μG, equivalent to a thermal pressure of ∼18,000 K cm-3. As the bubble wall likely constitutes swept-up material, we argue that this plane-of-the-sky field is fully consistent with a weak, or non-detected, line-of-sight field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC magnetic fields
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - COSMIC ripples
KW  - Polarization - magnetic fields
N1  - Accession Number: 43644809; Andersson, B.-G. 1 Potter, S. B. 2; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Center/USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  2: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa.; Source Info: 8/3/2009, Vol. 1156 Issue 1, p146; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: COSMIC ripples; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization - magnetic fields; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3211808
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, W. J
AU  - Koch, D.
AU  - Jenkins, J.
AU  - Sasselov, D.
AU  - Gilliland, R.
AU  - Batalha, N.
AU  - Latham, D. W.
AU  - Caldwell, D.
AU  - Basri, G.
AU  - Brown, T.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, j.
AU  - Cochran, W. D.
AU  - De Vor, E.
AU  - Dunham, E.
AU  - Dupree, A. K.
AU  - Gautier, T.
AU  - Geary, J.
AU  - Gould, A.
AU  - Howell, S.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
T1  - Kepler's Optical Phase Curve of the Exoplanet HAT-P-7b.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2009/08/07/
VL  - 325
IS  - 5941
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 709
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses the Kepler mission, which was launched on March 6, 2009 to detect exoplanets that are the size of Earth. Researchers collected photometric data on stars during the commissioning phase of the mission. Some of this data pertained to the exoplanet HAT-P-7b, including its optical phase curve, the makeup of its atmosphere, and its dayside temperature.
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STARS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DATA analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 43944202; Borucki, W. J 1; Email Address: william.j.borucki@nasa.gov Koch, D. 1 Jenkins, J. 2 Sasselov, D. 3 Gilliland, R. 4 Batalha, N. 5 Latham, D. W. 3 Caldwell, D. 2 Basri, G. 6 Brown, T. 7 Christensen-Dalsgaard, j. 8 Cochran, W. D. 9 De Vor, E. 2 Dunham, E. 10 Dupree, A. K. 3 Gautier, T. 11 Geary, J. 3 Gould, A. 12 Howell, S. 13 Kjeldsen, H. 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 81218, USA  5: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95198, USA  6: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  7: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  8: Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark  9: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  10: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  12: Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  13: National Optical Astronomy Observatoru, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: 8/7/2009, Vol. 325 Issue 5941, p709; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steinbrecht, W.
AU  - Claude, H.
AU  - Schönenborn, F.
AU  - McDermid, I. S.
AU  - Leblanc, T.
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, S.
AU  - Keckhut, P.
AU  - Hauchecorne, A.
AU  - Van Gijsel, J. A. E.
AU  - Swart, D. P. J.
AU  - Bodeker, G. E.
AU  - Parrish, A.
AU  - Boyd, I. S.
AU  - Kämpfer, N.
AU  - Hocke, K.
AU  - Stolarski, R. S.
AU  - Frith, S. M.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Remsberg, E. E.
AU  - Von Savigny, C.
T1  - Ozone and temperature trends in the upper stratosphere at five stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/08/10/
VL  - 30
IS  - 15/16
M3  - Article
SP  - 3875
EP  - 3886
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Upper stratospheric ozone anomalies from the satellite-borne Solar Backscatter Ultra-Violet (SBUV), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II), Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE), Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS), and Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instruments agree within 5% or better with ground-based data from lidars and microwave radiometers at five stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), from 45°S to 48°N. From 1979 until the late 1990s, all available data show a clear decline of ozone near 40 km, by 10%-15%. This decline has not continued in the last 10 years. At some sites, ozone at 40 km appears to have increased since 2000, consistent with the beginning decline of stratospheric chlorine. The phaseout of chlorofluorocarbons after the International Montreal Protocol in 1987 has been successful, and is now showing positive effects on ozone in the upper stratosphere. Temperature anomalies near 40 km altitude from European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecast reanalyses (ERA-40), from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational analyses, and from HALOE and lidar measurements show good consistency at the five stations, within about 3 K. Since about 1985, upper stratospheric temperatures have been fluctuating around a constant level at all five NDACC stations. This non-decline of upper stratospheric temperatures is a significant change from the more or less linear cooling of the upper stratosphere up until the mid-1990s, reported in previous trend assessments. It is also at odds with the almost linear 1 K per decade cooling simulated over the entire 1979-2010 period by chemistry-climate models (CCMs). The same CCM simulations, however, track the historical ozone anomalies quite well, including the change of ozone tendency in the late 1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - OZONE
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - CHEMOSPHERE
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 43494511; Steinbrecht, W. 1; Email Address: wolfgang.steinbrecht@dwd.de Claude, H. 1 Schönenborn, F. 1 McDermid, I. S. 2 Leblanc, T. 2 Godin-Beekmann, S. 3 Keckhut, P. 3 Hauchecorne, A. 3 Van Gijsel, J. A. E. 4 Swart, D. P. J. 4 Bodeker, G. E. 5 Parrish, A. 6 Boyd, I. S. 6 Kämpfer, N. 7 Hocke, K. 7 Stolarski, R. S. 8 Frith, S. M. 8 Thomason, L. W. 9 Remsberg, E. E. 10 Von Savigny, C. 11; Affiliation:  1: Meteorological Observatory, Deutscher Wetterdienst, D-82383, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany.  2: Table Mountain Observatory, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wrightwood, CA, USA.  3: Service d'Aéronomie, CNRS, Verrie`res-le-Buisson, 91370 Paris, France.  4: Laboratory for Environmental Monitoring, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.  5: National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New Zealand.  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA.  7: Institut für angewandte Physik, Universität, Bern, Switzerland.  8: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.  9: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.  10: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.  11: Institut für Umweltphysik und Fernerkundung, Universität, Bremen, Germany.; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 30 Issue 15/16, p3875; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: CHEMOSPHERE; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160902821841
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Williams, Jean-Pierre
AU  - Anderson, Robert C.
AU  - Ruiz, Javier
AU  - McGuire, Patrick C.
AU  - Komatsu, Goro
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Ferris, Justin C.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Boynton, William V.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Hare, Trent M.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hirdy
AU  - Tanaka, Kennth L.
AU  - Wheelock, Shawn J.
T1  - New evidence for a magmatic influence on the origin of Valles Marineris, Mars
JO  - Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
JF  - Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
Y1  - 2009/08/10/
VL  - 185
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 27
SN  - 03770273
AB  - Abstract: In this paper, we show that the complex geological evolution of Valles Marineris, Mars, has been highly influenced by the manifestation of magmatism (e.g., possible plume activity). This is based on a diversity of evidence, reported here, for the central part, Melas Chasma, and nearby regions, including uplift, loss of huge volumes of material, flexure, volcanism, and possible hydrothermal and endogenic-induced outflow channel activity. Observations include: (1) the identification of a new >50 km-diameter caldera/vent-like feature on the southwest flank of Melas, which is spatially associated with a previously identified center of tectonic activity using Viking data; (2) a prominent topographic rise at the central part of Valles Marineris, which includes Melas Chasma, interpreted to mark an uplift, consistent with faults that are radial and concentric about it; (3) HiRISE-identified landforms along the floor of the southeast part of Melas Chasma that are interpreted to reveal a volcanic field; (4) CRISM identification of sulfate-rich outcrops, which could be indicative of hydrothermal deposits; (5) GRS K/Th signature interpreted as water–magma interactions and/or variations in rock composition; and (6) geophysical evidence that may indicate partial compensation of the canyon and/or higher density intrusives beneath it. Long-term magma, tectonic, and water interactions (Late Noachian into the Amazonian), albeit intermittent, point to an elevated life potential, and thus Valles Marineris is considered a prime target for future life detection missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGMATISM
KW  - CANYONS
KW  - LAVA flows
KW  - PLATE tectonics
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Volcanism
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - canyon system
KW  - life
KW  - magma
KW  - Mars
KW  - plume
KW  - superplume
KW  - Tharsis
KW  - Valles Marineris
KW  - water
N1  - Accession Number: 43307192; Dohm, James M. 1,2; Email Address: jmd@hwr.arizona.edu Williams, Jean-Pierre 3 Anderson, Robert C. 3,4 Ruiz, Javier 5 McGuire, Patrick C. 6,7 Komatsu, Goro 8 Davila, Alfonso F. 9 Ferris, Justin C. 10 Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 11 Baker, Victor R. 1,2 Boynton, William V. 2 Fairén, Alberto G. 9 Hare, Trent M. 12 Miyamoto, Hirdy 13 Tanaka, Kennth L. 12 Wheelock, Shawn J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA  3: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA  5: Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain  6: McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, 63130, USA  7: McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, 63130, USA  8: International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d’Annunzio, 65421 Pescara, Italy  9: Space Sciences and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, California, 95819, USA  11: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA  12: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86001, USA  13: University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 185 Issue 1/2, p12; Subject Term: MAGMATISM; Subject Term: CANYONS; Subject Term: LAVA flows; Subject Term: PLATE tectonics; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Volcanism; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Author-Supplied Keyword: canyon system; Author-Supplied Keyword: life; Author-Supplied Keyword: magma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: plume; Author-Supplied Keyword: superplume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tharsis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Valles Marineris; Author-Supplied Keyword: water; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.11.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43307192&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ishikawa, Sascha T.
AU  - Nakajima, Takahito
T1  - The reaction of N2O5 with H3O+: A first-principles direct molecular dynamics study of acid-catalyzed reactive uptake of N2O5.
JO  - International Journal of Quantum Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Quantum Chemistry
Y1  - 2009/08/15/
VL  - 109
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2143
EP  - 2148
SN  - 00207608
AB  - Direct molecular dynamics simulations of N2O5 + H3O+ collision were conducted; (1) to assess the importance of acid-catalyzed N2O5 decomposition paths expected to play a significant role in the chemistry of stratospheric ozone depletion and (2) for their potential to identify unexpected decomposition paths. A single H3O+-catalyzed N2O5 decomposition path was observed. Products formed are H2O, NO<STACK>2+</STACK>, HNO3, and complexes of the decomposition products, (H2O)(NO<STACK>2+</STACK>), (H2O)(HNO3), and (HNO3)(NO<STACK>2+</STACK>). All decompositions were barrierless, including complex formations of the products. Reaction exothermicities, which were characterized with a QCISD(T)/6-311++G(d,p)//MP2/6-311++G(d,p) model, ranged from 5.9 to 32.0 kcal/mol. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Quantum Chemistry is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - REACTION mechanisms (Chemistry)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - CHEMICAL tests & reagents
KW  - Ab initio direct molecular dynamics
KW  - acid-catalyzed N
KW  - acid-catalyzed N2O5 decomposition
N1  - Accession Number: 38419559; Ishikawa, Sascha T. 1 Nakajima, Takahito 2; Email Address: nakajima@qcl.t.utokyo.ac.jp; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 109 Issue 10, p2143; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: REACTION mechanisms (Chemistry); Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: CHEMICAL tests & reagents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ab initio direct molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: acid-catalyzed N; Author-Supplied Keyword: acid-catalyzed N2O5 decomposition; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qua.22071
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gehrz, R.D.
AU  - Becklin, E.E.
AU  - de Pater, I.
AU  - Lester, D.F.
AU  - Roellig, T.L.
AU  - Woodward, C.E.
T1  - A new window on the cosmos: The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/08/17/
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 432
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is a joint US/German Project to develop and operate a gyrostabilized 2.5-m telescope in a Boeing 747-SP. This observatory will allow astronomical observations from 0.3μm to sub-millimeter wavelengths at stratospheric altitudes as high as 45,000ft where the atmosphere is not only cloud-free, but largely transparent at infrared wavelengths. The dynamics and chemistry of interstellar matter, and the details of embedded star formation will be key science goals. In addition, SOFIA’s unique portability will enable large-telescope observations at sites required to observe transient phenomena and location specific events. SOFIA will offer the convenient accessibility of a ground-based telescope for servicing, maintenance, and regular technology upgrades, yet will also have many of the performance advantages of a space-based telescope. Initially, SOFIA will fly with nine first-generation focal plane instruments that include broad-band imagers, moderate resolution spectrographs that will resolve broad features from dust and large molecules, and high resolution spectrometers capable of studying the chemistry and detailed kinematics of molecular and atomic gas. First science flights will begin in 2010, leading to a full operations schedule of about 120 8–10h flights per year by 2014. The next call for instrument development that can respond to scientifically exciting new technologies will be issued in 2010. We describe the SOFIA facility and outline the opportunities for observations by the general scientific community with cutting edge focal plane technology. We summarize the operational characteristics of the first-generation instruments and give specific examples of the types of fundamental scientific studies these instruments are expected to make. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED telescopes
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - GYROSTABILIZERS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - Airborne astronomy
KW  - Infrared astronomy
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - NASA
KW  - SOFIA
KW  - Sub-millimeter astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 43413423; Gehrz, R.D. 1; Email Address: gherz@astro.umn.edu Becklin, E.E. 2 de Pater, I. 3 Lester, D.F. 4 Roellig, T.L. 5 Woodward, C.E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Astronomy Department, University of California Berkeley, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p413; Subject Term: INFRARED telescopes; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: GYROSTABILIZERS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-millimeter astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.04.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43413423&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, K.T.
AU  - Wilson, T.L.
T1  - Space-radiation-induced photon luminescence of the Moon
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/08/17/
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 478
EP  - 482
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We report on the results of a continuing study of the photon luminescence of the Moon induced by Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and space radiation from the Sun, using the Monte Carlo program FLUKA. Understanding the space radiation environment is critical to future exploration of the Moon, and this includes photons. The model of the lunar surface is taken to be the chemical composition of soils found at various landing sites during the Apollo and Luna programs, averaged over all such sites to define a generic regolith for the present analysis. This surface model then becomes the target that is bombarded by Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs) and Solar Energetic Particles (SEPs) or Solar Particle Events (SPEs) above 1keV in FLUKA to determine the photon fluence albedo produced by the Moon’s surface when there is no sunlight and Earthshine. The result is to be distinguished from the gamma-ray spectrum produced by the radioactive decay of radiogenic constituents lying in the surface and interior of the Moon. From the photon fluence we derive the spectrum which can be utilized to examine existing lunar spectral data and to aid future orbiting instrumentation in the measurement of various components of the space-radiation-induced photon luminescence present on the Moon. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - MONTE Carlo method -- Software
KW  - SOLAR energetic particles
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - MOON
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Monte Carlo physics
KW  - Moon
KW  - Photoluminescence
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 43413431; Lee, K.T. 1 Wilson, T.L. 2; Email Address: thomas.l.wilson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Mission Services, 1300 Hercules Suite 100, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Astromaterials Research & Exploration Science (ARES), 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p478; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method -- Software; Subject Term: SOLAR energetic particles; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: MOON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoluminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43413431&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitsuzawa, Shigenobu
AU  - Kagawa, Hiromi
AU  - Li, Yifen
AU  - Chan, Suzanne L.
AU  - Paavola, Chad D.
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - The rosettazyme: A synthetic cellulosome
JO  - Journal of Biotechnology
JF  - Journal of Biotechnology
Y1  - 2009/08/20/
VL  - 143
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
EP  - 144
SN  - 01681656
AB  - Abstract: Cellulose is an attractive feedstock for biofuel production because of its abundance, but the cellulose polymer is extremely stable and its constituent sugars are difficult to access. In nature, extracellular multi-enzyme complexes known as cellulosomes are among the most effective ways to transform cellulose to useable sugars. Cellulosomes consist of a diversity of secreted cellulases and other plant cell-wall degrading enzymes bound to a protein scaffold. These scaffold proteins have cohesin modules that bind conserved dockerin modules on the enzymes. It is thought that the localization of these diverse enzymes on the scaffold allows them to function synergistically. In order to understand and harness this synergy smaller, simplified cellulosomes have been constructed, expressed, and reconstituted using truncated cohesin-containing scaffolds. Here we show that an 18-subunit protein complex called a rosettasome can be genetically engineered to bind dockerin-containing enzymes and function like a cellulosome. Rosettasomes are thermostable, group II chaperonins from the hyperthermo-acidophilic archaeon Sulfolobus shibatae, which in the presence of ATP/Mg2+ assemble into 18-subunit, double-ring structures. We fused a cohesin module from Clostridium thermocellum to a circular permutant of a rosettasome subunit, and we demonstrate that the cohesin–rosettasomes: (1) bind dockerin-containing endo- and exo-gluconases, (2) the bound enzymes have increased cellulose-degrading activity compared to their activity free in solution, and (3) this increased activity depends on the number and ratio of the bound glucanases. We call these engineered multi-enzyme structures rosettazymes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biotechnology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOMASS energy
KW  - CELLULOSE decomposition
KW  - EXTRACELLULAR enzymes
KW  - CELLULASE
KW  - PLANT cell walls
KW  - MOLECULAR chaperones
KW  - GENETIC engineering
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - Cellulose
KW  - Cellulosome
KW  - Chaperonin
KW  - Rosettasome
N1  - Accession Number: 43765933; Mitsuzawa, Shigenobu 1,2 Kagawa, Hiromi 3 Li, Yifen 3 Chan, Suzanne L. 3 Paavola, Chad D. 4 Trent, Jonathan D. 1,4; Email Address: Jonathan.D.Trent@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Biomolecular Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka 237-0061, Japan  3: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2009, Vol. 143 Issue 2, p139; Subject Term: BIOMASS energy; Subject Term: CELLULOSE decomposition; Subject Term: EXTRACELLULAR enzymes; Subject Term: CELLULASE; Subject Term: PLANT cell walls; Subject Term: MOLECULAR chaperones; Subject Term: GENETIC engineering; Subject Term: GENE expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellulose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellulosome; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chaperonin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rosettasome; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.06.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43765933&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Schaefer, Henry F.
T1  - Are isomers of the vinyl cyanide ion missing links for interstellar pyrimidine formation?
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2009/08/21/
VL  - 131
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 074303
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - In the interstellar medium (ISM) there are many regions where the formation of molecules is kinetically driven rather than thermochemically, which can lead to the formation of many isomers even though some may be fairly higher in energy relative to the molecular global minimum. Recent laboratory experiments where noble gas cations are reacted with pyrimidine favored the formation of C3H3N+, but the molecular structure(s) of this fragment was not determined. Microscopic reversibility means that pyrimidine could form under interstellar conditions should the required C3H3N+ reactant be detected in the ISM. Hence C3H3N+ could be a strong candidate for involvement in the formation of heterocyclic biomolecules such as pyrimidine in the ISM. In this study, we have investigated the low energy isomers of the acrylonitrile ion (C3H3N+) using density functional theory as well as high levels of ab initio theory, namely, the singles and doubles coupled-cluster theory that includes a perturbational correction for connected triple excitations, denoted as CCSD(T). An automated stochastic search procedure, Kick, has been employed to find isomers on the ground state doublet potential energy surface. Several new structures, along with all the previously reported minima, have been found. The global minimum H2CCCNH+ is energetically much lower than either H2CC(H)CN+, the acrylonitrile ion, or HCC(H)NCH+, the most likely intermediate of the reaction between HCCH+ and HCN. These isomers are connected to the global minimum via several transition states and intermediates. The results indicate that not only the global minimum but also several higher energy isomers of the C3H3N+ ion could be important in interstellar pyrimidine formation. The isomeric molecules have the necessary CCNC backbone needed for the reaction with HCN to form the cyclic pyrimidine framework. The structural and rotational parameters of all the isomers studied in this work have been predicted at the CCSD(T) level of theory with the anticipation that it will expedite their laboratory as well as astronomical identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL isomers
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - ACRYLONITRILE
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - PYRIMIDINE nucleotides
KW  - THERMOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 43887506; Bera, Partha P. 1,2; Email Address: partha.p.bera@nasa.gov Lee, Timothy J. 3 Schaefer, Henry F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS:245-6 Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS:245-1 Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/21/2009, Vol. 131 Issue 7, p074303; Subject Term: OPTICAL isomers; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ACRYLONITRILE; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINE nucleotides; Subject Term: THERMOCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3206298
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43887506&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quadrelli, Marco B.
AU  - Mettler, Edward
AU  - Soloway, Don
AU  - Kelkar, Atul
T1  - Controls structure interaction on the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 65
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 766
EP  - 786
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The baseline Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) spacecraft presented challenging controls–structure interactions caused by having to accurately and simultaneously point the existing multiple articulated payloads (high-gain antenna, scan platform) which are mounted on a large flexible base. Sensitivity analyses and simulation studies were carried out using complex finite element models describing the vehicle''s dynamics. The results of these studies indicate that: (1) the attitude controller bandwidth (BW) should be less than 0.01Hz for stable pointing control at the end of a slew with fine thrusters; (2) to achieve a slew maneuver in 2h the attitude controller BW should be greater than 0.0001Hz with coarse thrusters; and (3) the first natural frequency of the flexible vehicle should be in the range of 1Hz, to avoid potential interactions with other flexible modes. A dissipative controller ensures the stability robustness during large-angle maneuvers of the articulated payloads at high speeds when linearity assumptions are likely to be incorrect and nonlinearity in dynamics may be significant. An advantage of the proposed controller is that the closed-loop stability is not only robust to unmodeled dynamics but also to actuator nonlinearities as expected in the proposed gimbals for JIMO. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Dynamics
KW  - PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering)
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Attitude control systems
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Attitude control
KW  - Flexible spacecraft
KW  - Pointing
KW  - Spacecraft dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 41582706; Quadrelli, Marco B. 1; Email Address: Marco.B.Quadrelli@jpl.nasa.gov Mettler, Edward 1 Soloway, Don 2 Kelkar, Atul 3; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 198-326, Guidance and Control Analysis Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department, 2018 Black, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 65 Issue 5/6, p766; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Dynamics; Subject Term: PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering); Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Attitude control systems; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attitude control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flexible spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pointing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft dynamics; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.03.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41582706&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tumer, Kagan
AU  - Agogino, Adrian
T1  - MULTIAGENT LEARNING FOR BLACK BOX SYSTEM REWARD FUNCTIONS.
JO  - Advances in Complex Systems
JF  - Advances in Complex Systems
Y1  - 2009/09//Sep/Oct2009
VL  - 12
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
EP  - 492
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02195259
AB  - In large, distributed systems composed of adaptive and interactive components (agents), ensuring the coordination among the agents so that the system achieves certain performance objectives is a challenging proposition. The key difficulty to overcome in such systems is one of credit assignment: How to apportion credit (or blame) to a particular agent based on the performance of the entire system. In this paper, we show how this problem can be solved in general for a large class of reward functions whose analytical form may be unknown (hence "black box" reward). This method combines the salient features of global solutions (e.g. "team games") which are broadly applicable but provide poor solutions in large problems with those of local solutions (e.g. "difference rewards") which learn quickly, but can be computationally burdensome. We introduce two estimates for local rewards for a class of problems where the mapping from the agent actions to system reward functions can be decomposed into a linear combination of nonlinear functions of the agents' actions. We test our method's performance on a distributed marketing problem and an air traffic flow management problem and show a 44% performance improvement over team games and a speedup of order n for difference rewards (for an n agent system). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Complex Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AGENCY theory
KW  - CREDIT
KW  - TRAFFIC flow
KW  - TRANSPORTATION engineering
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics)
KW  - black box reward functions
KW  - multiagent coordination
KW  - Multiagent learning
N1  - Accession Number: 44340332; Tumer, Kagan 1; Email Address: kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu Agogino, Adrian 2; Email Address: adrian@email.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Oregon State University, 204 Rogers Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA  2: UCSC, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 269-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2009, Vol. 12 Issue 4/5, p475; Subject Term: AGENCY theory; Subject Term: CREDIT; Subject Term: TRAFFIC flow; Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION engineering; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: black box reward functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiagent coordination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiagent learning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 522390 Other Activities Related to Credit Intermediation; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Agogino, Adrian
AU  - Tumer, Kagan
T1  - LEARNING INDIRECT ACTIONS IN COMPLEX DOMAINS:: ACTION SUGGESTIONS FOR AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL.
JO  - Advances in Complex Systems
JF  - Advances in Complex Systems
Y1  - 2009/09//Sep/Oct2009
VL  - 12
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 512
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02195259
AB  - Providing intelligent algorithms to manage the ever-increasing flow of air traffic is critical to the efficiency and economic viability of air transportation systems. Yet, current automated solutions leave existing human controllers "out of the loop" rendering the potential solutions both technically dangerous (e.g. inability to react to suddenly developing conditions) and politically charged (e.g. role of air traffic controllers in a fully automated system). Instead, this paper outlines a distributed agent-based solution where agents provide suggestions to human controllers. Though conceptually pleasing, this approach introduces two critical research issues. First, the agent actions are now filtered through interactions with other agents, human controllers and the environment before leading to a system state. This indirect action-to-effect process creates a complex learning problem. Second, even in the best case, not all air traffic controllers will be willing or able to follow the agents' suggestions. This partial participation effect will require the system to be robust to the number of controllers that follow the agent suggestions. In this paper, we present an agent reward structure that allows agents to learn good actions in this indirect environment, and explore the ability of those suggestion agents to achieve good system level performance. We present a series of experiments based on real historical air traffic data combined with simulation of air traffic flow around the New York city area. Results show that the agents can improve system-wide performance by up to 20% over that of human controllers alone, and that these results degrade gracefully when the number of human controllers that follow the agents' suggestions declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Complex Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - TRAFFIC flow
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - NEW York (N.Y.)
KW  - NEW York (State)
KW  - Air traffic control
KW  - learning indirect actions
KW  - multiagent learning
KW  - suggestion agents
N1  - Accession Number: 44340333; Agogino, Adrian 1; Email Address: adrian@email.arc.nasa.gov Tumer, Kagan 2; Email Address: kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu; Affiliation:  1: UCSC, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 269-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Oregon State University, 204 Rogers Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2009, Vol. 12 Issue 4/5, p493; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: TRAFFIC flow; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: NEW York (N.Y.); Subject Term: NEW York (State); Author-Supplied Keyword: Air traffic control; Author-Supplied Keyword: learning indirect actions; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiagent learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: suggestion agents; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jung-Il Choi
AU  - Edwards, Jack R.
AU  - Baurle, Robert A.
T1  - Compressible Boundary-Layer Predictions at High Reynolds Number Using Hybrid LES/RANS Methods.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 47
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2179
EP  - 2193
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Simulations of compressible boundary-layer flow at three different Reynolds numbers (Reδ = 5.59 x 104, 1.78 x 105, and 1.58 x 106) are performed using a hybrid large-eddy simulation/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes method. Variations in the recycling/rescaling method, the higher order extension, the choice of primitive variables, the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes to large eddy simulation transition parameters, and the mesh resolution are considered in order to assess the model. The results indicate that the present model can provide good predictions of the mean-flow properties, second-moment statistics, and structural features of the boundary layers considered. Normalized turbulent statistics in the outer layer are found to be independent of Reynolds number, similar to incompressible turbulent boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
N1  - Accession Number: 44283164; Jung-Il Choi 1; Email Address: jungil_choi@ncsu.edu Edwards, Jack R. 1; Email Address: jredward@ncsu.edu Baurle, Robert A. 2; Email Address: robert.a.baurle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 47 Issue 9, p2179; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41598
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Greenblatt, David
T1  - Flow Control Predictions Using Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Modeling: A Parametric Study.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 47
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2259
EP  - 2262
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article presents a summary of a study on the effectiveness of steady or unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS or URANS) and computational fluid dynamics in flow control predictions. The study found that the three turbulence models performed similarly. CFD appeared capable of predicting the effects of Reynolds number qualitatively. Steady RANS is reportedly deficient for predicting controlled separated flows mostly due to the inability of inaccurately modeling turbulence in the separation/reattachment regions.
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 44283172; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1 Greenblatt, David 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Technion--lsrael Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, Israel; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 47 Issue 9, p2259; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41855
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Diffusion flames over a melting polymer disk in von kármán swirling flows
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 156
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1698
EP  - 1704
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: A laminar diffusion flame that is established over a spinning, thermoplastic, polymer fuel disk in a quiescent, oxidizing environment under microgravity is analyzed theoretically. The conservation equations for the polymer melt layer coupled to the gas-phase equations are solved numerically using similarity transformations. The polymer melting rate, the thickness of the melt layer, and the fraction of melted fuel that is burned in the gas-phase are predicted as functions of the ambient conditions and polymer property values. In these calculations the melt viscosity is assumed to vary with temperature in an Arrhenius form. Results are presented for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) disks burning in air at atmospheric pressure and compared against earlier experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - FLAME
KW  - FUSION (Phase transformation)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - THERMOPLASTICS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Physics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - Diffusion flame
KW  - Polymer combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 43618408; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov Balasubramaniam, R. 1 Williams, Forman A. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 156 Issue 9, p1698; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: FUSION (Phase transformation); Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: THERMOPLASTICS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Physics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer combustion; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.06.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - d’Humières, Dominique
AU  - Krafczyk, Manfred
AU  - Luo, Li-Shi
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Dedication to Pierre Lallemand on the occasion of his retirement
JO  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
JF  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 58
IS  - 5
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 821
EP  - 822
SN  - 08981221
N1  - Accession Number: 43410240; d’Humières, Dominique 1; Email Address: dominiq@lps.ens.fr Krafczyk, Manfred 2 Luo, Li-Shi 3; Email Address: lluo@odu.edu Rubinstein, Robert 4; Email Address: r.rubinstein@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l’École Normale Supérieure, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cédex 05, France  2: Institut für rechnergestützte Modellierung im Bauingenieurwesen, Technische Universität Carola-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, Pockelsstraße 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany  3: Department of Mathematics & Statistics and Center for Computational Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  4: Computational Aerosciences Branch, Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 58 Issue 5, p821; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.02.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - House, Christopher H.
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
AU  - Turk, Kendra A.
AU  - Thomas, Burt
AU  - Pernthaler, Annelie
AU  - Vrentas, Jennifer M.
AU  - Joye, Samantha B.
T1  - Extensive carbon isotopic heterogeneity among methane seep microbiota.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2207
EP  - 2215
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - To assess and study the heterogeneity of δ13C values for seep microorganisms of the Eel River Basin, we studied two principally different sample sets: sediments from push cores and artificial surfaces colonized over a 14 month in situ incubation. In a single sediment core, the δ13C compositions of methane seep-associated microorganisms were measured and the relative activity of several metabolisms was determined using radiotracers. We observed a large range of archaeal δ13C values (> 50‰) in this microbial community. The δ13C of ANME-1 rods ranged from −24‰ to −87‰. The δ13C of ANME-2 sarcina ranged from −18‰ to −75‰. Initial measurements of shell aggregates were as heavy as −19.5‰ with none observed to be lighter than −57‰. Subsequent measurements on shell aggregates trended lighter reaching values as 13C-depleted as −73‰. The observed isotopic trends found for mixed aggregates were similar to those found for shell aggregates in that the initial measurements were often enriched and the subsequent analyses were more 13C-depleted (with values as light as −56‰). The isotopic heterogeneity and trends observed within taxonomic groups suggest that ANME-1 and ANME-2 sarcina are capable of both methanogenesis and methanotrophy. In situ microbial growth was investigated by incubating a series of slides and silicon (Si) wafers for 14 months in seep sediment. The experiment showed ubiquitous growth of bacterial filaments (mean δ13C = −38 ± 3‰), suggesting that this bacterial morphotype was capable of rapid colonization and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - SALINE seep
KW  - EEL River (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 44016238; House, Christopher H. 1; Email Address: chouse@geosc.psu.edu Orphan, Victoria J. 2 Turk, Kendra A. 3 Thomas, Burt 1 Pernthaler, Annelie 4 Vrentas, Jennifer M. 1 Joye, Samantha B. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 220 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA.  2: NASA/Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.  4: Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.  5: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p2207; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: SALINE seep; Subject Term: EEL River (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01934.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lecakes Jr., George D.
AU  - Morris, Jonathan A.
AU  - Schmalzel, John L.
AU  - Mandayam, Shreekanth
T1  - Virtual Reality Environments for Integrated Systems Health Management of Rocket Engine Tests.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 58
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3050
EP  - 3057
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM) consists of processes managing erroneous conditions that systems may encounter during their operational life by either designing out failures early on or defending and mitigating any possible failures. A successful implementation of ISHM consists of the following four components: data sensors, computations, data sinks, and visualization modules. In this paper, we explore the use of virtual reality (VR) platforms as a candidate for developing ISHM visualization modules. VR allows for a complete and spatially accurate 3-D model of a system to be displayed in real time. It provides a medium for improved data assimilation and analysis through its core tenants of immersion, interaction, and navigation. Furthermore, VR allows for integrating graphical, functional, and measurement data in the same platform-providing for the development of subsequent risk-analysis modules. The research objectives of this paper are focused on creating a detailed visual model of a multisensor rocket engine test facility inside a VR platform and demonstrating the capability of the VR platform in integrating graphical, measurement, and health data in an immersive, navigable, and interactive manner. A human-based performance evaluation of the VR platform is also presented. These research objectives are addressed using an example of a multisensor rocket-engine portable test stand at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Stennis Space Center's E-3 test facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEM integration
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - IMMERSIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - Automated test and diagnostic systems
KW  - human-computer interface
KW  - virtual measurement systems
N1  - Accession Number: 44167033; Lecakes Jr., George D. 1 Morris, Jonathan A. 2 Schmalzel, John L. 2 Mandayam, Shreekanth 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Stennis Space Center, Stennis Space Center, MS 39529 USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 58 Issue 9, p3050; Subject Term: SYSTEM integration; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: IMMERSIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automated test and diagnostic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: human-computer interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: virtual measurement systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2009.2016823
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - COLE, M. W.
AU  - TOONEN, R. C.
AU  - HIRSCH, S. G.
AU  - NGO, E.
AU  - ROMANOFSKY, R. R.
AU  - VAN KEULS, FRED
AU  - HUBBARD, C.
AU  - IVILL, M.
AU  - DEMAREE, D.
T1  - Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 THIN FILMS FOR MICROWAVE PHASE SHIFTER DEVICES: THE INFLUENCE OF CRYSTALLIZATION TEMPERATURE ON THE ELECTRIC FIELD DEPENDENT PHASE SHIFT RESPONSE.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 111
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 79
SN  - 10584587
AB  - We present the correlation between film fabrication conditions (crystallization temperatures), microstructure, and dielectric phase shift of Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) thin films synthesized by metal organic solution deposition (MOSD) on sapphire substrates. The structure, microstructure, surface morphology, and composition of the films were assessed by glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS). The dielectric phase shift measurements were carried out using coplanar waveguide (CPW) test circuits over a frequency range of 2-18 GHz. Our results indicate that BST processed at 950°C achieved large relative phase shift response with low attenuation of the microwave signal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films
KW  - MICROWAVE devices
KW  - PHASE shifters
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - BST
KW  - microwave devices
KW  - phase shifter
KW  - thin film processing
N1  - Accession Number: 48675424; COLE, M. W. 1; Email Address: mel.cole@us.army.mil TOONEN, R. C. 1 HIRSCH, S. G. 1 NGO, E. 1 ROMANOFSKY, R. R. 2 VAN KEULS, FRED 3 HUBBARD, C. 1 IVILL, M. 1 DEMAREE, D. 1; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, U.S.A.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 111 Issue 1, p68; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: MICROWAVE devices; Subject Term: PHASE shifters; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: BST; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase shifter; Author-Supplied Keyword: thin film processing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584581003591023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Humphreys Jr., William M.
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
T1  - Noise spectra and directivity for a scale-model landing gear.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 409
EP  - 443
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - An extensive experimental study has been conducted to acquire detailed noise spectra and directivity data for a high-fidelity, 6.3%-scale, Boeing 777 main landing gear. The measurements were conducted in the NASA Langley Quiet Flow Facility using a 41-microphone directional array system positioned at a range of polar and azimuthal observer angles with respect to the model. DAMAS (Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources) array processing as well as straightforward individual microphone processing were employed to compile unique flyover and sideline directivity databases for a range of freestream Mach numbers (0.11 - 0.17) covering typical approach conditions. Comprehensive corrections were applied to the test data to account for shear layer ray path and amplitude variations. This allowed proper beamforming at different measurement orientations, as well as directivity presentation in free-field emission coordinates. Four different configurations of the landing gear were tested: a baseline configuration with and without an attached side door, and a noise reduction concept "toboggan" truck fairing with and without side door. Spectral analyses demonstrated that individual microphones could establish model spectra. This finding permitted the determination of unique, spatially-detailed directivity contours of spectral band levels over a hemispherical surface. Spectral scaling for the baseline model confirmed that the acoustic intensity scaled with the expected sixth-power of the Mach number. A comparison of spectra and directivity between the baseline gear and the gear with an attached toboggan indicated that the toboggan fairing may be of some value in reducing gear noise over particular frequency ranges. Finally, spectrum results were scaled quantitatively to data obtained from flyover tests of a full-scale 777 aircraft. The comparison showed good agreement in frequency and level, suggesting the general applicability of the model-scale noise results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - JET transports -- Landing
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 41424319; Humphreys Jr., William M. 1; Email Address: william.m.humphreys@nasa.gov Brooks, Thomas F. 1; Email Address: thomas.f.brooks@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p409; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: JET transports -- Landing; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 35p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Black and White Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burley, Casey L.
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
AU  - Humphreys Jr., William M.
AU  - Rawls Jr., John W.
T1  - ANOPP landing-gear noise prediction with comparison to model-scale data.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 475
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The NASA Aircraft NOise Prediction Program (ANOPP) offers two empirically based methods to predict landing gear noise: the "Fink" method and the "Guo" method. The "Guo" method is the most recent and was developed almost exclusively using Boeing full-scale landing gear data. The "Fink" method was developed over 25 years ago, using both model and full-scale data. The details of the two methods are compared and contrasted. The Fink method is found to follow Strouhal scaling, and hence predictions are made with the scale model geometry as input. The Guo method was found not to scale for arbitrary sized landing gear and hence the method required full-scale geometry inputs and the resulting predictions required scaling in order to compare with the measured model results. Application of these methods to a model-scale landing gear is investigated by comparing predicted results from each method with measured acoustic data obtained for a high-fidelity, 6.3%-scale, Boeing 777 main landing gear. The measurements were obtained in the NASALangley Quiet Flow Facility for a range of Mach numbers at a large number of observer angles. Noise spectra and contours as a function of polar and azimuthal angle characterize the directivity of landing gear noise. The measured spectra and contours are compared to predictions made using the Fink method and to scaled predictions from the Guo method. This is the first time an extensive set of landing gear noise directivity data are available to compare and assess predictive capabilities. Both methods predict comparable amplitudes and trends for the flyover locations, but deviate at sideline locations. Neither method fully captures the measured noise directivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET transports -- Landing
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - BOEING airplanes
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - JET transports
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 41424320; Burley, Casey L. 1; Email Address: Casey.L.Burley@nasa.gov Brooks, Thomas F. 1; Email Address: Thomas.F.Brooks@nasa.gov Humphreys Jr., William M. 2; Email Address: William.M.Humphreys@nasa.gov Rawls Jr., John W. 1; Email Address: John.W.Rawls@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations Langley Program Office Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p445; Subject Term: JET transports -- Landing; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: BOEING airplanes; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: JET transports; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, Amjad A.
AU  - Dib, Nihad I.
AU  - Hettak, Khelifa
AU  - Scardelletti, Maximilian C.
AU  - Shubair, Raed M.
T1  - Design of coplanar waveguide elliptic low pass filters.
JO  - International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering
JF  - International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 540
EP  - 548
SN  - 10964290
AB  - This article proposes three design topologies of coplanar waveguide elliptic low pass filters. The design procedure is simple and explained in detail for the first topology. Numerical results are provided using the commercially available simulation softwares IE3D and HFSS to show the validity of the design with very good agreement. The proposed filters yield less than 0.1 dB attenuation in the passband (0–2 GHz), with a controllable slope of the transition between passband and stopband. The width of the rejection band is increased by simple filter cascading resulting in a passband to stopband ratio of up to 1:6. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of RF & Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVE-guide filters
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - MICROWAVE filters
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - coplanar waveguide
KW  - elliptic filters
KW  - low pass filters
N1  - Accession Number: 43595839; Omar, Amjad A. 1 Dib, Nihad I. 2; Email Address: nihad@just.edu.jo Hettak, Khelifa 3 Scardelletti, Maximilian C. 4 Shubair, Raed M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Communications Engineering, Hijjawi Faculty of Engineering Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan  3: Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada  4: Microwave Metrology Facility, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  5: Department of Communication Engineering, Khalifa University of Science, Technology, and Research (KUSTAR), Sharjah, U.A.E; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p540; Subject Term: WAVE-guide filters; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: MICROWAVE filters; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Author-Supplied Keyword: coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: elliptic filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: low pass filters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mmce.20376
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duda, David P.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - Basic Diagnosis and Prediction of Persistent Contrail Occurrence Using High-Resolution Numerical Weather Analyses/Forecasts and Logistic Regression. Part I: Effects of Random Error.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1780
EP  - 1789
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Straightforward application of the Schmidt–Appleman contrail formation criteria to diagnose persistent contrail occurrence from numerical weather prediction data is hindered by significant bias errors in the upper-tropospheric humidity. Logistic models of contrail occurrence have been proposed to overcome this problem, but basic questions remain about how random measurement error may affect their accuracy. A set of 5000 synthetic contrail observations is created to study the effects of random error in these probabilistic models. The simulated observations are based on distributions of temperature, humidity, and vertical velocity derived from Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) weather analyses. The logistic models created from the simulated observations were evaluated using two common statistical measures of model accuracy: the percent correct (PC) and the Hanssen–Kuipers discriminant (HKD). To convert the probabilistic results of the logistic models into a dichotomous yes/no choice suitable for the statistical measures, two critical probability thresholds are considered. The HKD scores are higher (i.e., the forecasts are more skillful) when the climatological frequency of contrail occurrence is used as the critical threshold, whereas the PC scores are higher (i.e., the forecasts are more accurate) when the critical probability threshold is 0.5. For both thresholds, typical random errors in temperature, relative humidity, and vertical velocity are found to be small enough to allow for accurate logistic models of contrail occurrence. The accuracy of the models developed from synthetic data is over 85% for the prediction of both contrail occurrence and nonoccurrence, although, in practice, larger errors would be anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - MOISTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 44216820; Duda, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.duda@nasa.gov Minnis, Patrick 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p1780; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: MOISTURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAMC2056.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duda, David P.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - Basic Diagnosis and Prediction of Persistent Contrail Occurrence Using High-Resolution Numerical Weather Analyses/Forecasts and Logistic Regression. Part II: Evaluation of Sample Models.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1790
EP  - 1802
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - A probabilistic forecast to accurately predict contrail formation over the conterminous United States (CONUS) is created by using meteorological data based on hourly meteorological analyses from the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS) and the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) combined with surface and satellite observations of contrails. Two groups of logistic models were created. The first group of models (SURFACE models) is based on surface-based contrail observations supplemented with satellite observations of contrail occurrence. The most common predictors selected for the SURFACE models tend to be related to temperature, relative humidity, and wind direction when the models are generated using RUC or ARPS analyses. The second group of models (OUTBREAK models) is derived from a selected subgroup of satellite-based observations of widespread persistent contrails. The most common predictors for the OUTBREAK models tend to be wind direction, atmospheric lapse rate, temperature, relative humidity, and the product of temperature and humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - CONDENSATION trails
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 44216819; Duda, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.duda@nasa.gov Minnis, Patrick 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p1790; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: CONDENSATION trails; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAMC2057.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dongyeon Lee
AU  - Tippur, Hareesh
AU  - Kirugulige, Madhu
AU  - Bogert, Phillip
T1  - Experimental Study of Dynamic Crack Growth in Unidirectional Graphite/Epoxy Composites using Digital Image Correlation Method and High-speed Photography.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 43
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 2081
EP  - 2108
SN  - 00219983
AB  - In this work, fracture behavior of multilayered unidirectional graphite/epoxy composite (T800/3900-2) materials is investigated. Rectangular coupons with a single-edged notch are studied under geometrically symmetric loading configurations and impact loading conditions. The notch orientation parallel to or at an angle to the fiber orientation is considered to produce mode-I or mixed-mode (mode-I and -II) fracture. Feasibility of studying stress-wave induced crack initiation and rapid crack growth in fiber-reinforced composites using the digital image correlation method and high-speed photography is demonstrated. Analysis of photographed random speckles on specimen surface provides information pertaining to crack growth history as well as surface deformations in the crack-tip vicinity. Measured deformation fields are used to estimate mixed-mode fracture parameters and examine the effect of fiber orientation (β) on crack initiation and growth behaviors. The samples show differences in fracture responses depending upon the orientation of fibers. The maximum crack speed observed is the highest for mode-I dominant conditions and it decreases with fiber orientation angle. With increasing fiber orientation angle, crack takes longer to attain the maximum speed upon initiation. Continuous reduction of dynamic stress intensity factors after crack initiation under mode-I conditions is attributed to crack bridging. The crack initiation toughness values decrease with the degree-of-anisotropy or increase with fiber orientation angle. A rather good agreement between crack initiation toughness values and the ones from previous investigations is observed. There is also a good experimental correlation between dynamic stress intensity factor and crack-tip velocity histories for shallow fiber orientations of β=0, 15, and 30°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - DIGITAL images
KW  - HIGH-speed photography
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - digital speckle correlation
KW  - dynamic fracture
KW  - fiber reinforced composites
KW  - high-speed photography
KW  - mixed-mode crack growth
KW  - optical metrology
KW  - stress intensity factors
N1  - Accession Number: 44051881; Dongyeon Lee 1 Tippur, Hareesh 1; Email Address: htippur@eng.auburn.edu Kirugulige, Madhu 1 Bogert, Phillip 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 43 Issue 19, p2081; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: DIGITAL images; Subject Term: HIGH-speed photography; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: digital speckle correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: fiber reinforced composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-speed photography; Author-Supplied Keyword: mixed-mode crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical metrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: stress intensity factors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998309342139
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maghami, Peiman G.
AU  - Lim, Kyong B.
T1  - Synthesis and Control of Flexible Systems With Component-Level Uncertainties.
JO  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
JF  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 131
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 4
SN  - 00220434
AB  - An efficient and computationally robust method for synthesis of component dynamics is developed. The method defines the interface forces/moments as feasible vectors in transformed coordinates to ensure that connectivity requirements of the combined structure are met. The synthesized system is then defined in a transformed set of feasible coordinates. The simplicity of form is exploited to effectively deal with modeling parametric and nonparametric uncertainties at the substructure level. Uncertainty models of reasonable size and complexity are synthesized for the combined structure from those in the substructure models. In particular, we address frequency and damping uncertainties at the component level. The approach first considers the robustness of synthesized flexible systems. It is then extended to deal with nonsynthesized dynamic models with component-level uncertainties by projecting uncertainties to the system level. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - FLEXIBLE structures
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - UNCERTAINTY
KW  - control system synthesis
KW  - damping
KW  - flexible structures
KW  - structural engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 44475153; Maghami, Peiman G. 1 Lim, Kyong B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Attitude Control Systems Engineering Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771  2: Guidance and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 131 Issue 5, p4; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: FLEXIBLE structures; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY; Author-Supplied Keyword: control system synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: flexible structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural engineering; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.3155010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rishi Raj
AU  - Jungho Kim
AU  - McQuillen, John
T1  - Subcooled Pool Boiling in Variable Gravity Environments.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 131
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 6
EP  - 6
SN  - 00221481
AB  - Virtually all data to date regarding parametric effects of gravity on pool boiling have been inferred from experiments performed in low-g, 1g, or 1.8g conditions. The current work is based on observations of boiling heat transfer obtained over a continuous range of gravity levels (0g-1.8g) under subcooled liquid conditions (n-perfluorohexane, Δ Tsub=26°C, and 1 atm), two gas concentrations (220 ppm and 1216 ppm), and three heater sizes (full heater-7×7 mm2, half heater-7×3.5 mm2, and quarter heater-3.5×3.5 mm2). As the gravity level changed, a sharp transition in the heat transfer mechanism was observed at a threshold gravity level. Below this threshold (low-g regime), a nondeparting primary bubble governed the heat transfer and the effect of residual gravity was small. Above this threshold (high-g regime), bubble growth and departure dominated the heat transfer and gravity effects became more important. An increase in noncondensable dissolved gas concentration shifted the threshold gravity level to lower accelerations. Heat flux was found to be heater size dependent only in the low-g regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Heat Transfer is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - WATER -- Boiling
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - THERMAL boundary layer
KW  - boiling
KW  - bubbles
KW  - capillarity
KW  - convection
KW  - nucleation
KW  - organic compounds
KW  - surface tension
KW  - zero gravity experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 48424090; Rishi Raj 1 Jungho Kim 1 McQuillen, John 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 131 Issue 9, p6; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: WATER -- Boiling; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: THERMAL boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: bubbles; Author-Supplied Keyword: capillarity; Author-Supplied Keyword: convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: organic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface tension; Author-Supplied Keyword: zero gravity experiments; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.3122782
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richard  Boyle
T1  - Efferent Control of Hair Cell and Afferent Responses in the Semicircular Canals.
JO  - Journal of Neurophysiology
JF  - Journal of Neurophysiology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 102
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1513
EP  - 1525
SN  - 00223077
AB  - The sensations of sound and motion generated by the inner ear are controlled by the brain through extensive centripetal innervation originating within the brain stem. In the semicircular canals, brain stem efferent neurons make synaptic contacts with mechanosensory hair cells and with the dendrites of afferent neurons. Here, we examine the relative contributions of efferent action on hair cells and afferents. Experiments were performed in vivo in the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. The efferent system was activated via electrical pulses to the brain stem and sensory responses to motion stimuli were quantified by simultaneous voltage recording from afferents and intracellular current- and/or voltage-clamp recordings from hair cells. Results showed synaptic inputs to both afferents and hair cells leading to relatively long-latency intracellular signaling responses: excitatory in afferents and inhibitory in hair cells. Generally, the net effect of efferent action was an increase in afferent background discharge and a simultaneous decrease in gain to angular motion stimuli. Inhibition of hair cells was likely the result of a ligand-gated opening of a major basolateral conductance. The reversal potential of the efferent-evoked current was just below the hair cell resting potential, thus resulting in a small hyperpolarization. The onset latency averaged about 90 ms and latency to peak response was 150–400 ms. Hair cell inhibition often outlasted afferent excitation and, in some cases, latched hair cells in the "off" condition for >1 s following cessation of stimulus. These features endow the animal with a powerful means to adjust the sensitivity and dynamic range of motion sensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Neurophysiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EFFERENT pathways
KW  - CELLULAR control mechanisms
KW  - HAIR cells
KW  - AFFERENT pathways
KW  - SEMICIRCULAR canals
KW  - LABYRINTH (Ear)
KW  - BRAIN stem
KW  - BRAIN function localization
N1  - Accession Number: 44738456; Richard  Boyle 1; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 102 Issue 3, p1513; Subject Term: EFFERENT pathways; Subject Term: CELLULAR control mechanisms; Subject Term: HAIR cells; Subject Term: AFFERENT pathways; Subject Term: SEMICIRCULAR canals; Subject Term: LABYRINTH (Ear); Subject Term: BRAIN stem; Subject Term: BRAIN function localization; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Boone, Chris
AU  - Bernath, Peter
AU  - Mahieu, Emmanuel
AU  - Zander, Rodolphe
T1  - Trend of lower stratospheric methane (CH4) from atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) and atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy (ATMOS) measurements
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 110
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1066
EP  - 1071
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The long-term trend of methane (CH4) in the lower stratosphere has been estimated for the 1985–2008 time period by combining spaceborne solar occultation measurements recorded with high spectral resolution Fourier transform spectrometers (FTSs). Volume mixing ratio (VMR) FTS measurements from the ATMOS (atmospheric trace molecule spectroscopy) FTS covering 120–10hPa (∼16–30km altitude) at 25°N–35°N latitude from 1985 and 1994 have been combined with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) SCISAT-1 FTS measurements covering the same latitude and pressure range from 2004 to 2008. The CH4 trend was estimated by referencing the VMRs to those measured for the long-lived constituent N2O to account for the dynamic history of the sampled airmasses. The combined measurement set shows that the VMR increase measured by ATMOS has been replaced by a leveling off during the ACE measurement time period. Our conclusion is consistent with both remote sensing and in situ measurements of the CH4 trend obtained over the same time span. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Composition
KW  - Methane
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Trends
N1  - Accession Number: 41587135; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Chiou, Linda 2; Email Address: linda.s.chiou@nasa.gov Boone, Chris 3; Email Address: cboone@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca Bernath, Peter 3,4; Email Address: pfb500@york.ac.uk Mahieu, Emmanuel 5; Email Address: Emmanuel.Mahieu@ulg.ac.be Zander, Rodolphe 5; Email Address: R.Zander@ulg.ac.be; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1  4: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK  5: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Allée du 6 Août, 17, B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 110 Issue 13, p1066; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trends; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.03.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41587135&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ding, Shouguo
AU  - Xie, Yu
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Weng, Fuzhong
AU  - Liu, Quanhua
AU  - Baum, Bryan
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Estimates of radiation over clouds and dust aerosols: Optimized number of terms in phase function expansion
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 110
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1190
EP  - 1198
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The bulk-scattering properties of dust aerosols and clouds are computed for the community radiative transfer model (CRTM) that is a flagship effort of the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA). The delta-fit method is employed to truncate the forward peaks of the scattering phase functions and to compute the Legendre expansion coefficients for re-constructing the truncated phase function. Use of more terms in the expansion gives more accurate re-construction of the phase function, but the issue remains as to how many terms are necessary for different applications. To explore this issue further, the bidirectional reflectances associated with dust aerosols, water clouds, and ice clouds are simulated with various numbers of Legendre expansion terms. To have relative numerical errors smaller than 5%, the present analyses indicate that, in the visible spectrum, 16 Legendre polynomials should be used for dust aerosols, while 32 Legendre expansion terms should be used for both water and ice clouds. In the infrared spectrum, the brightness temperatures at the top of the atmosphere are computed by using the scattering properties of dust aerosols, water clouds and ice clouds. Although small differences of brightness temperatures compared with the counterparts computed with 4, 8, 128 expansion terms are observed at large viewing angles for each layer, it is shown that 4 terms of Legendre polynomials are sufficient in the radiative transfer computation at infrared wavelengths for practical applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - DUST
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Truncation of phase function
N1  - Accession Number: 41587145; Ding, Shouguo 1 Xie, Yu 1 Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Weng, Fuzhong 2 Liu, Quanhua 3,4 Baum, Bryan 5 Hu, Yongxiang 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division, Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA  3: QSS Group, Incorporated, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA  4: Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation, NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746, USA  5: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 110 Issue 13, p1190; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Truncation of phase function; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.03.032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=41587145&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korzun, Ashley M.
AU  - Braun, Robert D.
AU  - Cruz, Juan R.
T1  - Survey of Supersonic Retropropulsion Technology for Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/09//Sep/Oct2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 929
EP  - 937
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This article presents a survey of the literature on the effects of retropropulsion on blunt body entry vehicles in an opposing supersonic freestream. Particular focus is given to the point design in U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) 1998 Mars Design Reference Mission. Included is a graph that shows the relationship between the required descent propellant mass fraction and vehicle ballistic coefficient. The results of studies on central and peripheral nozzle configurations are also provided.
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SUPERSONIC nozzles
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 44994808; Korzun, Ashley M. 1 Braun, Robert D. 1 Cruz, Juan R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0150  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Sep/Oct2009, Vol. 46 Issue 5, p929; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC nozzles; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41161
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44994808&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
AU  - Soto, Hector L.
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
T1  - Contribution of crosstalk to the uncertainty of electrostatic actuator calibrations.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 126
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1107
EP  - 1110
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Crosstalk in electrostatic actuator calibrations is defined as the ratio of the microphone response to the actuator excitation voltage at a given frequency with the actuator polarization voltage turned off to the response, at the excitation frequency, with the polarization voltage turned on. It consequently contributes to the uncertainty of electrostatic actuator calibrations. Two sources of crosstalk are analyzed: the first attributed to the stray capacitance between the actuator electrode and the microphone backplate, and the second to the ground resistance appearing as a common element in the actuator excitation and microphone input loops. Measurements conducted on 1/4, 1/2, and 1 in. air condenser microphones reveal that the crosstalk has no frequency dependence up to the membrane resonance frequency and that the level of crosstalk lies at about -60 dB for all three microphones—conclusions that are consistent with theory. The measurements support the stray capacitance model. The contribution of crosstalk to the measurement standard uncertainty of an electrostatic actuator calibration is therewith 0.01 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROSSTALK
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NUCLEAR excitation
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Dynamics)
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC microphone
N1  - Accession Number: 44114939; Shams, Qamar A. 1 Soto, Hector L. 1 Zuckerwar, Allan J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Analytical Services and Materials, 107 Research Drive, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p1107; Subject Term: CROSSTALK; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR excitation; Subject Term: FREQUENCY response (Dynamics); Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC microphone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.3167483
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44114939&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aguirre de Carcer, I.
AU  - Correcher, V.
AU  - Barboza-Flores, M.
AU  - D’Antoni, H.L.
AU  - Jaque, F.
T1  - Preliminary results on the identification of ultraviolet and beta radiation exposure in KCl:Eu2+ single crystals by thermoluminescence
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 267
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 2870
EP  - 2873
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Abstract: The thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity to ionising (beta source) and non-ionising (UV) radiation on KCl:Eu2+ single crystals has been investigated. The different shapes of the TL glow curves allow us to detect specific peaks (over 220–250°C) due to UV exposure that exhibit a negligible contribution associated with ionising radiation. The UV-induced TL emission could be deconvoluted into five groups of components peaked at about 120, 150, 210, 250 and 330°C assuming first order kinetic processes. Dose saturation and linearity region have been determined for a wavelength of 254.7nm. The effect of several cycles of UV irradiation processes on the linearity of the high energy ultraviolet KCl:Eu2+ dosimeter has been also studied to determine the potential reusability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - HALIDES
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - BETA rays
KW  - THERMOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - POTASSIUM chloride
KW  - RELAXATION phenomena
KW  - Halides
KW  - Luminescence
KW  - UV
N1  - Accession Number: 43870029; Aguirre de Carcer, I. 1 Correcher, V. 2; Email Address: v.correcher@ciemat.es Barboza-Flores, M. 3 D’Antoni, H.L. 4 Jaque, F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Dpto. Física de Materiales, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain  2: CIEMAT, Av Complutense 22, 28040 Madrid, Spain  3: Centro de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, AP 5-088, Hermosillo 83190, Sonora, Mexico  4: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 267 Issue 17, p2870; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: HALIDES; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: BETA rays; Subject Term: THERMOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: POTASSIUM chloride; Subject Term: RELAXATION phenomena; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.06.103
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43870029&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rahman, Zia-ur
AU  - Jobson, Daniel J.
AU  - Woodell, Glenn A.
T1  - Adaptive two-scale edge detection for visual pattern processing.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 097006-1
EP  - 097006-9
SN  - 00913286
AB  - Adaptive methods are defined and experimentally studied for a two-scale edge detection process that mimics human visual perception of edges and is inspired by the parvocellular (P) and magnocellular (M) physiological subsystems of natural vision. This two-channel processing consists of a high spatial acuity/coarse contrast channel (P) and a coarse acuity/fine contrast (M) channel. We perform edge detection after a very strong nonlinear image enhancement that uses smart Retinex image processing. Two conditions that arise from this enhancement demand adaptiveness in edge detection. These conditions are the presence of random noise further exacerbated by the enhancement process and the equally random occurrence of dense textural visual information. We examine how to best deal with both phenomena with an automatic adaptive computation that treats both high noise and dense textures as too much information and gracefully shifts from small-scale to medium-scale edge pattern priorities. This shift is accomplished by using different edge-enhancement schemes that correspond with the P- and M-channels of the human visual system. We also examine the case of adapting to a third image condition--namely, too little visual information--and automatically adjust edge-detection sensitivities when sparse feature information is encountered. When this methodology is applied to a sequence of images of the same scene but with varying exposures and lighting conditions, this edge-detection process produces pattern constancy that is very useful for several imaging applications that rely on image classification in variable imaging conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION processing
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - COMPUTER graphics
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - RANDOM noise theory
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - adaptive edge detection
KW  - edge detection
N1  - Accession Number: 61252204; Rahman, Zia-ur 1; Email Address: zrahman@odu.edu Jobson, Daniel J. 2 Woodell, Glenn A. 2; Affiliation:  1: MEMBER SPIE, Old Dominion University, Virginia Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 231B Kaufman Hall, Norfolk, Virginia 23529,  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, MS 473/RM 123 Sensors Research Branch, 8 North Dryden Street, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p097006-1; Subject Term: INFORMATION processing; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: COMPUTER graphics; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: RANDOM noise theory; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive edge detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: edge detection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1117/1.3231534
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61252204&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Shengli
AU  - Crabtree, Robert L.
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Gross, Peggy
T1  - Estimating the quantity and quality of coarse woody debris in Yellowstone post-fire forest ecosystem from fusion of SAR and optical data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 113
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1926
EP  - 1938
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The Coarse Woody Debris (CWD) quantity, defined as biomass per unit area (t/ha), and the quality, defined as the proportion of standing dead logs to the total CWD quantity, greatly contribute to many ecological processes such as forest nutrient cycling, tree regeneration, wildlife habitat, fire dynamics, and carbon dynamics. However, a cost-effective and time-saving method to determine CWD is not available. Very limited literature could be found that applies remote sensing technique to CWD inventory. In this paper, we fused the wall-to-wall multi-frequency and multi-polarization Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AirSAR) and optical Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to estimate the quantity and quality of CWD in Yellowstone post-fire forest ecosystem, where the severe 1988 fire event resulted in high spatial heterogeneity of dead logs. To relate backscatter values to CWD metrics, we first reduced the terrain effect to remove the interference of topography on AirSAR backscatter. Secondly, we removed the influence of regenerating sapling by quadratic polynomial fitting between AVIRIS Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) and different channels backscatters. The quantity of CWD was derived from P hh and P hv, and the quality of CWD was derived from P hh aided by the ratio of L hv and P hh. Two maps of Yellowstone post-fire CWD quantity and quality were produced. The calculated CWD quantity and quality were validated by extensive field surveys. Regarding CWD quantity, the correlation coefficient between measured and predicted CWD is only 0.54 with mean absolute error up to 29.1 t/ha. However, if the CWD quantity was discretely classified into three categories of “≤60”, “60–120”, and “≥120”, the overall accuracy is 65.6%; if classified into two categories of “≤90” and “≥90”, the overall accuracy is 73.1%; if classified into two categories of “≤60” and “≥60”, the overall accuracy is 84.9%. This indicates our attempt to map CWD quantity spatially and continuously achieved partial success; however, the general and discrete categories are reasonable. Regarding CWD quality, the overall accuracy of 5 types (Type 1—standing CWD ratio ≥40%; Type 2—15%≤standing CWD ratio <40%; Type 3—7%≤standing CWD ratio<15%; Type 4—3%≤standing CWD ratio <7%; Type 5—standing CWD ratio <3%) is only 40.32%. However, when type 1, 2, 3 are combined into one category and type 4 and 5 are combined into one category, the overall accuracy is 67.74%. This indicates the partial success of our initial results to map CWD quality into detailed categories, but the result is acceptable if solely very coarse CWD quality is considered. Bias can be attributed to the complex influence of many factors, such as field survey error, sapling compensation, terrain effect reduction, surface properties, and backscatter mechanism understanding. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COARSE woody debris
KW  - WOOD -- Quality
KW  - FOREST fires
KW  - FOREST ecology
KW  - SYNTHETIC aperture radar
KW  - MULTISENSOR data fusion
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - FOREST biomass
KW  - FOREST regeneration
KW  - NUTRIENT cycles
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
KW  - Coarse woody debris
KW  - Data fusion
KW  - Forest fire
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - SAR
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 43310306; Huang, Shengli 1,2; Email Address: huang@yellowstoneresearch.org Crabtree, Robert L. 2,3 Potter, Christopher 1 Gross, Peggy 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Yellowstone Ecological Research Centre, 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite B, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA  3: HyPerspectives Inc., 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite C, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA  4: California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 113 Issue 9, p1926; Subject Term: COARSE woody debris; Subject Term: WOOD -- Quality; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Subject Term: FOREST ecology; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC aperture radar; Subject Term: MULTISENSOR data fusion; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: FOREST biomass; Subject Term: FOREST regeneration; Subject Term: NUTRIENT cycles; Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coarse woody debris; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43310306&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Rui
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Lin, Bing
T1  - Estimation of evapotranspiration in a mid-latitude forest using the Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI)
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 113
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2011
EP  - 2018
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: We developed an algorithm to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) from dense vegetation covered area from the first principle of surface energy balance model by using satellite retrieved Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI). This algorithm can be used under both clear sky and cloudy sky conditions. Long term seasonal trend of EDVI is linked to variance of canopy resistance due to the interrelationship among leaf development, environmental condition and microwave radiation. Short term changes of EDVI caused by synoptic scale weather variations is used to parameterize the responds of vegetation resistance to the quick changes of environmental factors including water vapor deficit, water potential and others. The performance of this algorithm was test at the Harvard forest site by using satellite measurements from the SSM/I F13 and F14 sensors. Validation at the site with 169 samples shows that the correlation coefficient (R 2) between estimated and observed ETs is 0.83 with a mean bias of 3.31 Wm−2 and a standard deviation of 79.63 Wm−2. The overall uncertainty of our ET retrieval is ~30%, which is within the uncertainty of current ground based ET measurements. Furthermore, the estimated ET in different local times (up to 4 times per day) successfully captured the diurnal cycle of ET. It is the first time that the diurnal variations of vegetation–atmosphere interactions were directly monitored from space. This study demonstrates that the technique reported here extends the current satellite capability of vegetation property and ET flux remote sensing from daytime, clear-sky conditions to day and night times and from intermediate leaf area index (LAI) to all range of vegetation states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - FOREST plants
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in forestry
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - HARVARD Forest (Mass. : Forest)
KW  - MASSACHUSETTS
KW  - Diurnal variations
KW  - Evapotranspiration
KW  - Forest
KW  - Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI)
N1  - Accession Number: 43310313; Li, Rui 1 Min, Qilong 1; Email Address: min@asrc.cestm.albany.edu Lin, Bing 2; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203, United States  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 113 Issue 9, p2011; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: FOREST plants; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in forestry; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: HARVARD Forest (Mass. : Forest); Subject Term: MASSACHUSETTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diurnal variations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evapotranspiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave Emissivity Difference Vegetation Index (EDVI); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
AU  - Deamer, David
T1  - Self-assembly and function of primitive cell membranes
JO  - Research in Microbiology
JF  - Research in Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/09//
VL  - 160
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 449
EP  - 456
SN  - 09232508
AB  - Abstract: We describe possible pathways for separating amphiphilic molecules from organic material on the early earth to form membrane-bound structures required for the start of cellular life. We review properties of the first membranes and their function as permeability barriers. Finally, we discuss the emergence of protein-mediated ion transport across membranes, which facilitated many other cellular functions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Research in Microbiology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELL membranes
KW  - MOLECULAR self-assembly
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - ORIGIN of life
KW  - ION channels
KW  - PERMEABILITY
KW  - BIOLOGICAL transport
KW  - CELL physiology
KW  - MOLECULAR evolution
KW  - Amphiphile self-assembly
KW  - Membrane permeability
KW  - Origin of ion channels
KW  - Origins of cellular life
N1  - Accession Number: 44829566; Pohorille, Andrew 1,2; Email Address: deamer@chemistry.ucsc.edu Deamer, David 3; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th St., CA 94158, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 160 Issue 7, p449; Subject Term: CELL membranes; Subject Term: MOLECULAR self-assembly; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: ORIGIN of life; Subject Term: ION channels; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL transport; Subject Term: CELL physiology; Subject Term: MOLECULAR evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amphiphile self-assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Membrane permeability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin of ion channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origins of cellular life; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.resmic.2009.06.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Thornton, Peter E.
AU  - Law, Beverly E.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - A hierarchical analysis of terrestrial ecosystem model Biome-BGC: Equilibrium analysis and model calibration
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2009/09/10/
VL  - 220
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 2009
EP  - 2023
SN  - 03043800
AB  - The increasing complexity of ecosystem models represents a major difficulty in tuning model parameters and analyzing simulated results. To address this problem, this study develops a hierarchical scheme that simplifies the Biome-BGC model into three functionally cascaded tiers and analyzes them sequentially. The first-tier model focuses on leaf-level ecophysiological processes; it simulates evapotranspiration and photosynthesis with prescribed leaf area index (LAI). The restriction on LAI is then lifted in the following two model tiers, which analyze how carbon and nitrogen is cycled at the whole-plant level (the second tier) and in all litter/soil pools (the third tier) to dynamically support the prescribed canopy. In particular, this study analyzes the steady state of these two model tiers by a set of equilibrium equations that are derived from Biome-BGC algorithms and are based on the principle of mass balance. Instead of spinning-up the model for thousands of climate years, these equations are able to estimate carbon/nitrogen stocks and fluxes of the target (steady-state) ecosystem directly from the results obtained by the first-tier model. The model hierarchy is examined with model experiments at four AmeriFlux sites. The results indicate that the proposed scheme can effectively calibrate Biome-BGC to simulate observed fluxes of evapotranspiration and photosynthesis; and the carbon/nitrogen stocks estimated by the equilibrium analysis approach are highly consistent with the results of model simulations. Therefore, the scheme developed in this study may serve as a practical guide to calibrate/analyze Biome-BGC; it also provides an efficient way to solve the problem of model spin-up, especially for applications over large regions. The same methodology may help analyze other similar ecosystem models as well. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MULTILEVEL models (Statistics)
KW  - ASSOCIATION schemes (Combinatorics)
KW  - ECOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - Biome-BGC
KW  - Equilibrium analysis
KW  - Hierarchical analysis
KW  - Model calibration
KW  - Terrestrial ecosystem
N1  - Accession Number: 43176814; Wang, Weile 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com Ichii, Kazuhito 3 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 1,2 Michaelis, Andrew R. 1,2 Thornton, Peter E. 4 Law, Beverly E. 5 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliation:  1: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Japan  4: Oak Ridge National Lab, Oak Ridge, TN, USA  5: Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 220 Issue 17, p2009; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MULTILEVEL models (Statistics); Subject Term: ASSOCIATION schemes (Combinatorics); Subject Term: ECOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biome-BGC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equilibrium analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hierarchical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial ecosystem; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.04.051
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Accurate ab initio quartic force fields for NH2- and CCH- and rovibrational spectroscopic constants for their isotopologs.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2009/09/14/
VL  - 131
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 104301
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A series of high-quality, purely ab initio, quartic force fields (QFFs), computed using a procedure we recently proposed, is reported for NH2- and CCH-. The singles and doubles coupled-cluster method with a perturbational estimate of the effects of connected triple excitations, denoted CCSD(T), was used with TZ, QZ, and 5Z quality basis sets and was combined with extrapolation to the one-particle basis-set limit, core-correlation effects, scalar relativistic effects, and higher-order correlation effects to yield accurate QFFs. A “best-guess” reference geometry was determined at the CCSD(T)/5Z level of theory. Analytical transformation removes nonzero gradients to facilitate a second-order perturbation theory spectroscopic analysis. The QFF is transformed into Morse/cosine coordinates in order to perform exact vibrational configuration interaction computations. Equilibrium structures, vibrational frequencies, rotational constants, and selected spectroscopic constants are reported in comparison with experimental values and previous theoretical studies. Higher-order correlation effects are found comparable to core-correlation effects in magnitude, e.g., ∼10 cm-1 for fundamentals, but are of opposite sign. For CCH-, a thorough discussion is presented on effective rotational constants B0. It is concluded that the “best” QFF should incorporate all the small corrections mentioned above. Correspondingly, the best vibrational fundamentals of CCH- are estimated at 502.0 cm-1 (ν2), 1800.9 cm-1 (ν3), and 3204.3 cm-1 (ν1), while the best vibrational fundamentals of NH2- are at 3118.5 cm-1 (ν1), 1447.8 cm-1 (ν2), and 3186.5 cm-1 (ν3). Excellent agreement with high-resolution experiments has been obtained for fundamentals—e.g., 1–3 cm-1 deviation for the symmetric and antisymmetric stretches of NH2-, 3121.93 cm-1 (ν1) and 3190.29 cm-1 (ν3), respectively. Isotopic effects are studied and presented to aid future experimental analyses. The present study should facilitate future characterizations of NH2- and CCH- from astronomical observations or other high-resolution laboratory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR orbitals
KW  - ATOMIC orbitals
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 44169316; Xinchuan Huang 1 Lee, Timothy J. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043,  2: MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: 9/14/2009, Vol. 131 Issue 10, p104301; Subject Term: MOLECULAR orbitals; Subject Term: ATOMIC orbitals; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 10 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3212560
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Molaro, Jamie L.
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
T1  - High-frequency rock temperature data from hyper-arid desert environments in the Atacama and the Antarctic Dry Valleys and implications for rock weathering
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2009/09/15/
VL  - 110
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 182
EP  - 187
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Abstract: In desert environments with low water and salt contents, rapid thermal variations may be an important source of rock weathering. We have obtained temperature measurements of the surface of rocks in hyper-arid hot and cold desert environments at a rate of 1/s over several days. The values of temperature change over 1-second intervals were similar in hot and cold deserts despite a 30 °C difference in absolute rock surface temperature. The average percentage of the time dT/dt>2 °C/min was ~8±3%, >4 °C/min was 1±0.9%, and >8 °C/min was 0.02±0.03%. The maximum change over a 1-second interval was ~10 °C/min. When sampled to simulate data taken over intervals longer than 1 s, we found a reduction in time spent above the 2 °C/min temperature gradient threshold. For 1-minute samples, the time spent above any given threshold was about two orders of magnitude lower than the corresponding value for 1-second sampling. We suggest that a rough measure of efficacy of weathering as a function of frequency is the product of the percentage of time spent above a given threshold value multiplied by the damping depth for the corresponding frequency. This product has a broad maximum for periods between 3 and 10 s. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - DESERTS
KW  - VALLEYS
KW  - WEATHERING
KW  - ROCK mechanics
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - ROCKS -- Analysis
KW  - SAMPLING (Process)
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Arid
KW  - Atacama
KW  - Beacon
KW  - Cracking
KW  - Damping depth
KW  - Desert
KW  - Dry Valleys
KW  - Flaking
KW  - Fryxell
KW  - Grain-scale
KW  - Rock
KW  - Rock weather
KW  - Rock weathering
KW  - Spalling
KW  - Stress
KW  - Stress gradient
KW  - Surface weather
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Thermal
KW  - Thermal shock
KW  - Thermal stress fatigue
N1  - Accession Number: 43524561; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: christopher.mckay@nasa.gov Molaro, Jamie L. 1 Marinova, Margarita M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035, United States  2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 110 Issue 3/4, p182; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: DESERTS; Subject Term: VALLEYS; Subject Term: WEATHERING; Subject Term: ROCK mechanics; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: ROCKS -- Analysis; Subject Term: SAMPLING (Process); Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beacon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damping depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dry Valleys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flaking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fryxell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain-scale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock weather; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock weathering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spalling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress gradient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface weather; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal shock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal stress fatigue; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.04.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doney, Robert L.
AU  - Agui, Juan H.
AU  - Sen, Surajit
T1  - Energy partitioning and impulse dispersion in the decorated, tapered, strongly nonlinear granular alignment: A system with many potential applications.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2009/09/15/
VL  - 106
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 064905-1
EP  - 064905-13
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Rapid absorption of impulses using light-weight, small, reusable systems is a challenging problem. An axially aligned set of progressively shrinking elastic spheres, a “tapered chain,” has been shown to be a versatile and scalable shock absorber in earlier simulational, theoretical, and experimental works by several authors. We have recently shown (see R. L. Doney and S. Sen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 155502 (2006)) that the shock absorption ability of a tapered chain can be dramatically enhanced by placing small interstitial grains between the regular grains in the tapered chain systems. Here we focus on a detailed study of the problem introduced in the above mentioned letter, present extensive dynamical simulations using parameters for a titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy Ti6Al4V, derive attendant hard-sphere analyses based formulae to describe energy dispersion, and finally discuss some preliminary experimental results using systems with chrome spheres and small Nitinol interstitial grains to present the underlying nonlinear dynamics of this so-called decorated tapered granular alignment. We are specifically interested in small systems, comprised of several grains. This is because in real applications, mass and volume occupied must inevitably be minimized. Our conclusion is that the decorated tapered chain offers enhanced energy dispersion by locking in much of the input energy in the grains of the tapered chain rather than in the small interstitial grains. Thus, the present study offers insights into how the shock absorption capabilities of these systems can be pushed even further by improving energy absorption capabilities of the larger grains in the tapered chains. We envision that these scalable, decorated tapered chains may be used as shock absorbing components in body armor, armored vehicles, building applications and in perhaps even in applications in rehabilitation science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK absorbers -- Dynamics
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - TITANIUM-aluminum-vanadium alloys
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
N1  - Accession Number: 44388091; Doney, Robert L. 1 Agui, Juan H. 2 Sen, Surajit 3; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland 21005,  2: NASA-Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135,  3: Department of Physics, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-1500,; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 106 Issue 6, p064905-1; Subject Term: SHOCK absorbers -- Dynamics; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: TITANIUM-aluminum-vanadium alloys; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3190485
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44388091&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
T1  - Interannual Variability of the Global Radiation Budget.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/09/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 4893
EP  - 4907
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Interannual variability of the global radiation budget, regions that contribute to its variability, and what limits albedo variability are investigated using Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) data taken from March 2000 through February 2004. Area-weighted mean top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflected shortwave, longwave, and net irradiance standard deviations computed from monthly anomalies over a 1° × 1° region are 9.6, 7.6, and 7.6 W m-2, respectively. When standard deviations are computed from global monthly anomalies, they drop to 0.5, 0.4, and 0.4 W m-2, respectively. Clouds are mostly responsible for the variation. Regions with a large standard deviation of TOA shortwave and longwave irradiance at TOA are the tropical western and central Pacific, which is caused by shifting from La Niña to El Niño during this period. However, a larger standard deviation of 300–1000-hPa thickness anomalies occurs in the polar region instead of the tropics. The correlation coefficient between atmospheric net irradiance anomalies and 300–1000-hPa thickness anomalies is negative. These indicate that temperature anomalies in the atmosphere are mostly a result of anomalies in longwave and dynamical processes that transport energy poleward, instead of albedo anomalies by clouds directly affecting temperature anomalies in the atmosphere. With simple zonal-mean thermodynamic energy equations it is demonstrated that temperature anomalies decay exponentially with time by longwave emission and by dynamical processes. As a result, the mean meridional temperature gradient is maintained. Therefore, mean meridional circulations are not greatly altered by albedo anomalies on an annual time scale, which in turn provides small interannual variability of the global mean albedo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - GLOBAL radiation
KW  - CHARACTERISTIC functions
KW  - STATISTICAL reliability
N1  - Accession Number: 44151014; Kato, Seiji 1; Email Address: seiji.kato@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2009, Vol. 22 Issue 18, p4893; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: GLOBAL radiation; Subject Term: CHARACTERISTIC functions; Subject Term: STATISTICAL reliability; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kitiashvili, I. N.
AU  - Jacoutot, L.
AU  - Kosovichev, A. G.
AU  - Wray, A. A.
AU  - Mansour, N. N.
T1  - Numerical Modeling of Solar Convection and Oscillations in Magnetic Regions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/09/16/
VL  - 1170
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 569
EP  - 573
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Solar observations show that the spectra of turbulent convection and oscillations significantly change in magnetic regions, resulting in interesting phenomena, such as high-frequency “acoustic halos” around active regions. In addition, recent observations from SOHO/MDI revealed significant changes of the wave properties in inclined magnetic field regions of sunspots, which affect helioseismic inferences. We use realistic 3D radiative MHD numerical simulations to investigate properties of solar convection and excitation and propagation of oscillations in magnetic regions. A new feature of these simulations is implementation of a dynamic sub-grid turbulence model, which allows more accurate description of turbulent dissipation and wave excitation. We present the simulation results for a wide range of the field strength and inclination in the top 6 Mm layer of the convection zone. The results show interesting and unexpected effects in the dynamics and large-scale organization of the magnetoconvection (including traveling waves and shearing flows), and also changes in the excitation properties and spectrum of oscillations, suggesting an explanation of the acoustic “halos” observed above the acoustic cut-off frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL models
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - SUNSPOTS
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
KW  - convection
KW  - oscillations
KW  - Sun: MHD simulations
KW  - sunspots
N1  - Accession Number: 44292453; Kitiashvili, I. N. 1 Jacoutot, L. 1 Kosovichev, A. G. 2 Wray, A. A. 3 Mansour, N. N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, 488 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA  2: W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/16/2009, Vol. 1170 Issue 1, p569; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL models; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: SUNSPOTS; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: MHD simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: sunspots; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3246564
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silan, Jeremy L.
AU  - Niemann, Darrell L.
AU  - Ribaya, Bryan P.
AU  - Rahman, Mahmud
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
T1  - Carbon nanotube pillar arrays for achieving high emission current densities.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/09/28/
VL  - 95
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 133111
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We introduce an innovative geometry carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitter array capable of achieving stable and high current densities. Arrays of toroid CNT pillars were grown directly on bulk metal alloy substrates and on patterned metal catalyst on silicon substrates. Compared to a solid CNT pillar array (CPA), this toroid CPA (tCPA) provides a larger edge area for achieving a higher stable current density of 50 mA/cm2 at an applied dc field of less than 8 V/μm. Electrostatic simulation data confirming the field enhancement at the inner and outer edges of the tCPA are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - TOROIDAL magnetic circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 44449140; Silan, Jeremy L. 1,2 Niemann, Darrell L. 1,2 Ribaya, Bryan P. 1,2 Rahman, Mahmud 2 Meyyappan, M. 1 Nguyen, Cattien V. 3; Email Address: cattien.v.nguyen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Electron Devices Laboratory, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA  3: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/28/2009, Vol. 95 Issue 13, p133111; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: TOROIDAL magnetic circuits; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3216584
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, J.
AU  - Palumbo, D.
T1  - Damping of Structural Vibration Using Lightweight Granular Materials.
JO  - Experimental Mechanics
JF  - Experimental Mechanics
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 697
EP  - 705
SN  - 00144851
AB  - An investigation of the vibration damping capability of granular treatments is presented. Cavities in aluminum and sandwich beams were filled with the lightweight particles made of polyimide. For analysis of vibration damping, the complex stiffness of structures before and after damping treatment was measured. Particles of different sizes, weights and polymer composition were used in the damping treatments. Large, frequency-dependent variations in structural loss factor depending on the types of particles were observed. This behavior was predicted by the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The frame wave propagation characteristics of the particles were measured and used in the numerical simulation. The acoustic–structure interaction between particles and structures enhances the dissipation of vibration energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics) -- Research
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - GRANULAR materials
KW  - LIGHTWEIGHT construction
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Acoustic–structure interaction
KW  - Acoustic-structure interaction
KW  - Particle damping
KW  - Sandwich structures
KW  - Vibration control
N1  - Accession Number: 43596947; Park, J. 1; Email Address: parkj@hanyang.ac.kr Palumbo, D. 2; Email Address: daniel.l.palumbo@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu Seoul 133-791 South Korea  2: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681-2199 USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p697; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics) -- Research; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: GRANULAR materials; Subject Term: LIGHTWEIGHT construction; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic–structure interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic-structure interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibration control; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11340-008-9181-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=43596947&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amy  Mielke
AU  - Kristie  Elam
T1  - Dynamic measurement of temperature, velocity, and density in hot jets using Rayleigh scattering.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 47
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 673
EP  - 688
SN  - 07234864
AB  - Abstract  A molecular Rayleigh scattering technique is utilized to measure gas temperature, velocity, and density in unseeded gas flows at sampling rates up to 10 kHz, providing fluctuation information up to 5 kHz based on the Nyquist theorem. A high-power continuous-wave laser beam is focused at a point in an air flow field and Rayleigh scattered light is collected and fiber-optically transmitted to a Fabry–Perot interferometer for spectral analysis. Photomultiplier tubes operated in the photon counting mode allow high-frequency sampling of the total signal level and the circular interference pattern to provide dynamic density, temperature, and velocity measurements. Mean and root mean square velocity, temperature, and density, as well as power spectral density calculations, are presented for measurements in a hydrogen-combustor heated jet facility with a 50.8-mm diameter nozzle at NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field. The Rayleigh measurements are compared with particle image velocimetry data and computational fluid dynamics predictions. This technique is aimed at aeronautics research related to identifying noise sources in free jets, as well as applications in supersonic and hypersonic flows where measurement of flow properties, including mass flux, is required in the presence of shocks and ionization occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - LASER beams
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
N1  - Accession Number: 44839570; Amy  Mielke 1 Kristie  Elam 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 77-1 Cleveland OH 44135 USA  2: Jacobs Sverdrup 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 77-3 Cleveland OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 47 Issue 4/5, p673; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: GAS flow; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cardace, Dawn
AU  - Morris, Julie D.
T1  - Geochemical evidence for sediment accretion in the Costa Rica Frontal Prism.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 37
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 891
EP  - 894
SN  - 00917613
AB  - We report new geochemical data for marine sediments sampled in the frontal prism associated with the Costa Rica subduction zone during Leg 205 of the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP). We describe variation in sediment geochemistry with depth as the décollement zone, the interface between overriding and downgoing tectonic plates, is approached. This variation can be explained by three-component mixing of ash, lower plate sediments (LPS), and frontal prism or upper plate sediments (UPS). We detect in-mixing of LPS in localized sediment intervals, amounting to tens of vertical meters of LPS incorporation; no persuasive evidence of LPS transfer into the prism has been shown until this contribution. This inference of fi ne structure in the prism provides new insight into how tectonic kneading of sediments occurs in décollement zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARINE sediments
KW  - PLATE tectonics
KW  - DRILLING platforms
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - STRUCTURAL geology
KW  - COSTA Rica
N1  - Accession Number: 44622495; Cardace, Dawn 1 Morris, Julie D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  2: Ocean Sciences Division, National Science Foundation, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, Virginia 22230, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 37 Issue 10, p891; Subject Term: MARINE sediments; Subject Term: PLATE tectonics; Subject Term: DRILLING platforms; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL geology; Subject Term: COSTA Rica; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336611 Ship Building and Repairing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G25631A.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WHITE, MICHAEL A.
AU  - de BEURS, KIRSTEN M.
AU  - DIDAN, KAMEL
AU  - INOUYE, DAVID W.
AU  - RICHARDSON, ANDREW D.
AU  - JENSEN, OLAF P.
AU  - O'KEEFE, JOHN
AU  - GONG ZHANG
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
AU  - van LEEUWEN, WILLEM J. D.
AU  - BROWN, JESSLYN F.
AU  - de WIT, ALLARD
AU  - SCHAEPMAN, MICHAEL
AU  - XIOAMAO LIN
AU  - DETTINGER, MICHAEL
AU  - BAILEY, AMEY S.
AU  - KIMBALL, JOHN
AU  - SCHWARTZ, MARK D.
AU  - BALDOCCHI, DENNIS D.
AU  - LEE, JOHN T.
T1  - Intercomparison, interpretation, and assessment of spring phenology in North America estimated from remote sensing for 1982–2006.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 15
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2335
EP  - 2359
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Shifts in the timing of spring phenology are a central feature of global change research. Long-term observations of plant phenology have been used to track vegetation responses to climate variability but are often limited to particular species and locations and may not represent synoptic patterns. Satellite remote sensing is instead used for continental to global monitoring. Although numerous methods exist to extract phenological timing, in particular start-of-spring (SOS), from time series of reflectance data, a comprehensive intercomparison and interpretation of SOS methods has not been conducted. Here, we assess 10 SOS methods for North America between 1982 and 2006. The techniques include consistent inputs from the 8 km Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer NDVIg dataset, independent data for snow cover, soil thaw, lake ice dynamics, spring streamflow timing, over 16 000 individual measurements of ground-based phenology, and two temperature-driven models of spring phenology. Compared with an ensemble of the 10 SOS methods, we found that individual methods differed in average day-of-year estimates by ±60 days and in standard deviation by ±20 days. The ability of the satellite methods to retrieve SOS estimates was highest in northern latitudes and lowest in arid, tropical, and Mediterranean ecoregions. The ordinal rank of SOS methods varied geographically, as did the relationships between SOS estimates and the cryospheric/hydrologic metrics. Compared with ground observations, SOS estimates were more related to the first leaf and first flowers expanding phenological stages. We found no evidence for time trends in spring arrival from ground- or model-based data; using an ensemble estimate from two methods that were more closely related to ground observations than other methods, SOS trends could be detected for only 12% of North America and were divided between trends towards both earlier and later spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOLOGY
KW  - GLOBAL environmental change
KW  - PLANT phenology
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - SPECIES
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL mapping
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - ECOLOGICAL regions
KW  - NORTH America
KW  - bloom
KW  - budburst
KW  - climate change
KW  - flower
KW  - growing season
KW  - land surface phenology
KW  - seasonality
N1  - Accession Number: 44076767; WHITE, MICHAEL A. 1; Email Address: mikew.usu@gmail.com de BEURS, KIRSTEN M. 2 DIDAN, KAMEL 3 INOUYE, DAVID W. 4 RICHARDSON, ANDREW D. 5 JENSEN, OLAF P. 6 O'KEEFE, JOHN 7 GONG ZHANG 1 NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 8 van LEEUWEN, WILLEM J. D. 9 BROWN, JESSLYN F. 10 de WIT, ALLARD 11 SCHAEPMAN, MICHAEL 11 XIOAMAO LIN 12 DETTINGER, MICHAEL 13 BAILEY, AMEY S. 14 KIMBALL, JOHN 15 SCHWARTZ, MARK D. 16 BALDOCCHI, DENNIS D. 17 LEE, JOHN T. 18; Affiliation:  1: Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA  2: Department of Geography, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA  3: Institute for the Study of Planet Earth, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  4: Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  5: Complex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA  6: Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA  7: Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  9: Office of Arid Lands Studies & Department of Geography and Regional Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  10: Land Sciences Division, U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA  11: Centre for Geo-information, Wageningen-UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands  12: Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT, USA  13: US Geological Survey, Scripps Institute Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA  14: Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, Campton, NH, USA  15: Flathead Lake Biological Station, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Polson, MT, USA  16: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA  17: Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA  18: Environmental Physics Group, University of Maine, Dept. PSE, Orono, ME, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 15 Issue 10, p2335; Subject Term: PHENOLOGY; Subject Term: GLOBAL environmental change; Subject Term: PLANT phenology; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: SPECIES; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL mapping; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL regions; Subject Term: NORTH America; Author-Supplied Keyword: bloom; Author-Supplied Keyword: budburst; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: flower; Author-Supplied Keyword: growing season; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: seasonality; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01910.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghose, Sayata
AU  - Watson, Kent A.
AU  - Cano, Roberto J.
AU  - Britton, Sean M.
AU  - Jensen, Brian J.
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Herring, Helen M.
AU  - Lineberry, Quentin J.
T1  - High Temperature VARTM of Phenylethynyl Terminated Imides.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 21
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 672
SN  - 09540083
AB  - Depending on the part type and quantity, fabrication of composite structures using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) can be more affordable than conventional autoclave techniques. Recent efforts have focused on adapting VARTM for the fabrication of high temperature composites. Due to their low melt viscosity and long melt stability, certain phenylethynyl terminated imides (PETI) can be processed into composites using high temperature VARTM (HT-VARTM). However, one of the disadvantages of the current HT-VARTM resin systems has been the high porosity of the resultant composites. For aerospace applications, the desired void fraction of less than 2% has not yet been achieved. In the current study, two PETI resins, LaRC PETI-330 and LaRC PETI-8 have been used to make test specimens using HT-VARTM. The resins were infused into ten layers of IM7-6K carbon fiber 5-harness satin fabric at 260 or 280 °C and cured at temperature up to 371 °C. Initial runs yielded composites with high void content, typically greater than 7% by weight. A thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopic study was conducted to determine the source of volatiles leading to high porosity. It was determined that under the thermal cycle used for laminate fabrication, the phenylethynyl endcap was undergoing degradation leading to volatile evolution. This finding was unexpected as high quality composite laminates have been fabricated under higher pressures using these resin systems. The amount of weight loss experienced during the thermal cycle was only about 1% by weight, but this led to a significant amount of volatiles in a closed system. By modifying the thermal cycle used in laminate fabrication, the void content was significantly reduced (typically ∼3% or less). The results of this work are presented herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - AUTOCLAVES
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - acid digestion
KW  - phenylethynyl terminated imides
KW  - VARTM
KW  - voids
N1  - Accession Number: 44909114; Ghose, Sayata 1; Email Address: sayata.ghose-1@nasa.gov Watson, Kent A. 1 Cano, Roberto J. 2 Britton, Sean M. 2 Jensen, Brian J. 2 Connell, John W. 2 Herring, Helen M. 3 Lineberry, Quentin J. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666-6147, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Engineering & Sciences Company, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  4: NASA GSRP at Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 21 Issue 5, p653; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: AUTOCLAVES; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Author-Supplied Keyword: acid digestion; Author-Supplied Keyword: phenylethynyl terminated imides; Author-Supplied Keyword: VARTM; Author-Supplied Keyword: voids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332420 Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0954008309339935
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wickens, Christopher D.
AU  - Hooey, Becky L.
AU  - Gore, Brian F.
AU  - Sebok, Angelia
AU  - Koenicke, Corey S.
T1  - Identifying Black Swans in NextGen: Predicting Human Performance in Off-Nominal Conditions.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 638
EP  - 651
SN  - 00187208
AB  - Objective: The objective is to validate a computational model of visual attention against empirical data-derived from a meta-analysis-of pilots' failure to notice safety-critical unexpected events. Background: Many aircraft accidents have resulted, in part, because of failure to notice nonsalient unexpected events outside of foveal vision, illustrating the phenomenon of change blindness. A model of visual noticing, N-SEEV (noticing- salience, expectancy, effort, and value), was developed to predict these failures. Method: First, 25 studies that reported objective data on miss rate for unexpected events in high-fidelity cockpit simulations were identified, and their miss rate data pooled across five variables (phase of flight, event expectancy, event location, presence of a head-up display, and presence of a highway-in-the-sky display). Second, the parameters of the N-SEEV model were tailored to mimic these dichotomies. Results: The N-SEEV model output predicted variance in the obtained miss rate (r = .73). The individual miss rates of all six dichotomous conditions were predicted within 14%, and four of these were predicted within 7%. Conclusion: The N-SEEV model, developed on the basis of an independent data set, was able to successfully predict variance in this safety-critical measure of pilot response to abnormal circumstances, as collected from the literature. Applications: As new technology and procedures are envisioned for the future airspace, it is important to predict if these may compromise safety in terms of pilots' failing to notice unexpected events. Computational models such as N-SEEV support cost-effective means of making such predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERFORMANCE technology
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - COMPROMISE (Ethics)
KW  - PREDICTIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 47790981; Wickens, Christopher D. 1; Email Address: cwickens@alionscience.com Hooey, Becky L. 2 Gore, Brian F. 2 Sebok, Angelia 1 Koenicke, Corey S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Alion Science Corporation, Boulder, Colorado  2: San Jose State University Research Foundation at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p638; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE technology; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: COMPROMISE (Ethics); Subject Term: PREDICTIONS; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0018720809349709
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, P.C.
AU  - James, P.B.
AU  - Calvin, W.M.
AU  - Haberle, R.
AU  - Malin, M.C.
T1  - Residual south polar cap of Mars: Stratigraphy, history, and implications of recent changes
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 203
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 352
EP  - 375
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The residual south polar cap (RSPC) of Mars includes a group of different depositional units of CO2 ice undergoing a variety of erosional processes. Complete summer coverage of the RSPC by ∼6-m/pixel data of the Context Imager (CTX) on Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has allowed mapping and inventory of the units in the RSPC. Unit maps and estimated thicknesses indicate the total volume of the RSPC is currently <380km3, and represents less than 3% of the total mass of the current Mars atmosphere. Scarp retreat rates in the CO2 ice derived from comparison of High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) data with earlier images are comparable to those obtained for periods up to 3 Mars years earlier. These rates, combined with sizes of depressions suggest that the oldest materials were deposited more than 125 Mars years ago. Most current erosion is by backwasting of scarps 1–12m in height. This backwasting is initiated by a series of scarp-parallel fractures. In the older, thicker unit these fractures form about every Mars year; in thinner, younger materials they form less frequently. Some areas of the older, thicker unit are lost by downwasting rather than by the scarp retreat. A surprising finding from the HiRISE data is the scarcity of visible layering of RSPC materials, a result quite distinct from previous interpretations of layers in lower resolution images. Layers ∼0.1m thick are exposed on the upper surfaces of some areas, but their timescale of deposition is not known. Late summer albedo changes mapped by the CTX images indicate local recycling of ice, although the amounts may be morphologically insignificant. Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) data show that the primary material of all the different forms of the RSPC is CO2 ice with only small admixtures of water ice and dust. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC surveillance
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - POLAR regions
KW  - Atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - Climate ( Mars )
KW  - Polar caps ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 44188884; Thomas, P.C. 1; Email Address: pct2@cornell.edu James, P.B. 2 Calvin, W.M. 3 Haberle, R. 4 Malin, M.C. 5; Affiliation:  1: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89577, USA  4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Malin Space Science Systems, P.O. Box 910148, San Diego, CA 92191, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 203 Issue 2, p352; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC surveillance; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: POLAR regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar caps ( Mars ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parente, M.
AU  - Bishop, J.L.
AU  - Bell, J.F.
T1  - Spectral unmixing for mineral identification in pancam images of soils in Gusev crater, Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 203
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 436
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The objective of this work is to propose an automated unmixing technique for the analysis of 11-channel Mars Exploration Rover Panoramic Camera (MER/Pancam) spectra. Our approach is to provide a screening tool for identifying unique/distinct reflectance spectra. We demonstrate the utility of this unmixing technique in a study of the mineralogy of the bright salty soils exposed by the rover wheels in images of Gusev crater regions known as Paso Robles (Sols 400,426), Arad (Sol 721), and Tyrone (Sol 790). The unmixing algorithm is based on a novel derivation of the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization technique and includes added features that preclude the adverse effects of low abundance materials that would otherwise skew the unmixing. In order to create a full 11-channel spectrum out of the left and right eye stereo pairs, we also developed a new registration procedure that includes rectification and disparity calculation of the images. We identified two classes of endmember spectra for the bright soils imaged on Sols 426 and 790. One of these endmember classes is also observed for soils imaged on Sols 400 and 721 and has a unique spectral shape that is distinct from most iron oxide, sulfate and silicate spectra and differs from typical martian surface spectra. Instead, its unique spectral character resembles the spectral shape of the ferric sulfate minerals fibroferrite (Fe3+(SO4)(OH)·5H2O) and ferricopiapite and the phosphate mineral ferristrunzite . The other endmember class is less consistent with specific minerals and is likely a mixture of altered volcanic material and some bright salts. Further analyses of data from Sols 400 and 790 using an anomaly detection algorithm as a tool for detecting low abundance materials additionally suggests the identification of the sulfate mineral paracoquimbite (Fe2(SO4)3 ·9H2O). This spectral study of Pancam images of the bright S- and P-enriched soils of Gusev crater identifies specific ferric sulfate and ferric phosphate minerals that are consistent with the unique spectral properties observed here in the 0.4–1μm range. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PANORAMIC cameras
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - NONNEGATIVE matrices
KW  - FACTORIZATION method (Quantum theory)
KW  - SURFACE active agents -- Spectra
KW  - SULFATE minerals
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Data reduction techniques
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 44188888; Parente, M. 1; Email Address: mario.parente@stanford.edu Bishop, J.L. 2 Bell, J.F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Packard Electrical Engineering Building, Stanford University, Room #260, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 203 Issue 2, p421; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PANORAMIC cameras; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: NONNEGATIVE matrices; Subject Term: FACTORIZATION method (Quantum theory); Subject Term: SURFACE active agents -- Spectra; Subject Term: SULFATE minerals; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data reduction techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DiSanti, Michael A.
AU  - Villanueva, Geronimo L.
AU  - Milam, Stefanie N.
AU  - Zack, Lindsay N.
AU  - Bonev, Boncho P.
AU  - Mumma, Michael J.
AU  - Ziurys, Lucy M.
AU  - Anderson, William M.
T1  - A multi-wavelength study of parent volatile abundances in Comet C/2006 M4 (SWAN)
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 203
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 589
EP  - 598
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Volatile organic emissions were detected post-perihelion in the long-period Comet C/2006 M4 (SWAN) in October and November 2006. Our study combines target-of-opportunity infrared observations using the Cryogenic Echelle Spectrometer (CSHELL) at the NASA-IRTF 3-m telescope, and millimeter wavelength observations using the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) 12-m telescope. Five parent volatiles were measured with CSHELL (H2O, CO, CH3OH, CH4, and C2H6), and two additional species (HCN and CS) were measured with the ARO 12-m. These revealed highly depleted CO and somewhat enriched CH3OH compared with abundances observed in the dominant group of long-period (Oort cloud) comets in our sample and similar to those observed recently in Comet 8P/Tuttle. This may indicate highly efficient H-atom addition to CO at very low temperature (∼10–20K) on the surfaces of interstellar (pre-cometary) grains. Comet C/2006 M4 had nearly “normal” C2H6 and CH4, suggesting a processing history similar to that experienced by the dominant group. When compared with estimated water production at the time of the millimeter observations, HCN was slightly depleted compared with the normal abundance in comets based on IR observations but was consistent with the majority of values from the millimeter. The ratio CS/HCN in C/2006 M4 was within the range measured in ten comets at millimeter wavelengths. The higher apparent H-atom conversion efficiency compared with most comets may indicate that the icy grains incorporated into C/2006 M4 were exposed to higher H-atom densities, or alternatively to similar densities but for a longer period of time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - COMETARY orbits
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - OORT Cloud
KW  - Comets, Composition
KW  - Comets, Origin
N1  - Accession Number: 44188901; DiSanti, Michael A. 1; Email Address: michael.a.disanti@nasa.gov Villanueva, Geronimo L. 1,2 Milam, Stefanie N. 3 Zack, Lindsay N. 4 Bonev, Boncho P. 1,2 Mumma, Michael J. 1 Ziurys, Lucy M. 4 Anderson, William M. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  2: Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, United States  3: SETI Institute and NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: Department of Chemistry, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 203 Issue 2, p589; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: COMETARY orbits; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: OORT Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, Origin; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, Rory
AU  - Quinn, Thomas R.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Richardson, Derek C.
T1  - N-Body simulations of growth from 1km planetesimals at 0.4AU
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 203
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 626
EP  - 643
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present N-body simulations of planetary accretion beginning with 1km radius planetesimals in orbit about a 1 M ⊙ star at 0.4AU. The initial disk of planetesimals contains too many bodies for any current N-body code to integrate; therefore, we model a sample patch of the disk. Although this greatly reduces the number of bodies, we still track in excess of 105 particles. We consider three initial velocity distributions and monitor the growth of the planetesimals. The masses of some particles increase by more than a factor of 100. Additionally, the escape speed of the largest particle grows considerably faster than the velocity dispersion of the particles, suggesting impending runaway growth, although no particle grows large enough to detach itself from the power law size-frequency distribution. These results are in general agreement with previous statistical and analytical results. We compute rotation rates by assuming conservation of angular momentum around the center of mass at impact and that merged planetesimals relax to spherical shapes. At the end of our simulations, the majority of bodies that have undergone at least one merger are rotating faster than the breakup frequency. This implies that the assumption of completely inelastic collisions (perfect accretion), which is made in most simulations of planetary growth at sizes 1km and above, is inappropriate. Our simulations reveal that, subsequent to the number of particles in the patch having been decreased by mergers to half its initial value, the presence of larger bodies in neighboring regions of the disk may limit the validity of simulations employing the patch approximation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - Earth
KW  - Origin, Solar system
KW  - Planetary formation
KW  - Planetesimals
N1  - Accession Number: 44188904; Barnes, Rory 1,2,3; Email Address: rory@astro.washington.edu Quinn, Thomas R. 1 Lissauer, Jack J. 4 Richardson, Derek C. 5; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blud., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Virtual Planetary Laboratory, USA  4: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 203 Issue 2, p626; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin, Solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetesimals; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Mueller, Carl H.
AU  - Van Keuls, Frederick W.
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert R.
AU  - Subramanyam, Guru
T1  - TUNABLE MICROSTRIP FILTERS USING SELECTIVELY ETCHED FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILM VARACTORS FOR COUPLING.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 112
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 23
SN  - 10584587
AB  - We report on the use of patterned ferroelectric films to fabricate proof of concept tunable one-pole microstrip filters with excellent transmission and mismatch/reflection properties at frequencies up to 24 GHz. By controlling the electric field distribution within the coupling region between the resonator and input/output lines, sufficiently high loaded and unloaded Q values are maintained so as to be useful for microstrip filter design, with low mismatch loss. In the 23-24 GHz region, the filter was tunable over a 100 MHz range, the loaded and unloaded Q values were 29 and 68, respectively, and the reflection losses were below -16 dB, which demonstrates the suitability of these films for practical microwave applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRIP transmission lines
KW  - FERROELECTRIC thin films
KW  - VARACTORS
KW  - COUPLINGS (Gearing)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR diodes
N1  - Accession Number: 51454945; miranda, Felix A. 1; Email Address: Felix.A.Miranda@nasa.gov Mueller, Carl H. 2 Van Keuls, Frederick W. 3 Romanofsky, Robert R. 1 Subramanyam, Guru 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  2: Qinetiq North America, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  4: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469-0226, USA.; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 112 Issue 1, p8; Subject Term: STRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC thin films; Subject Term: VARACTORS; Subject Term: COUPLINGS (Gearing); Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR diodes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2009.484662
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
AU  - Ghosn, Louis J.
T1  - Shear moduli for non-isotropic, open cell foams using a general elongated Kelvin foam model
JO  - International Journal of Engineering Science
JF  - International Journal of Engineering Science
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 47
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 990
EP  - 1001
SN  - 00207225
AB  - Abstract: Equations for calculating the shear modulus of non-isotropic, open cell foams in the plane perpendicular to the rise direction and in a plane parallel to the rise direction are derived using an elongated Kelvin foam model. This Kelvin foam model is more general than that employed by previous authors as the size and shape of the unit cell are defined by specifying three independent cell dimensions. The equations for the shear compliances are derived as a function of three unit cell dimensions and the section properties of the cell edges. From the compliance equations, the shear modulus equations are obtained and written as a function of the relative density and two unit cell shape parameters. The dependence of the two shear moduli on the relative density and the two shape parameters is demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - FOAM
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - HONEYCOMB structures
KW  - SPECIFIC gravity
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - Elastic constants
KW  - Elongated cell
KW  - Foams
KW  - Kelvin foam model
KW  - Shear modulus
N1  - Accession Number: 43413048; Sullivan, Roy M. 1; Email Address: Roy.m.sullivan@nasa.gov Ghosn, Louis J. 2; Email Address: Louis.j.ghosn@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 47 Issue 10, p990; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: FOAM; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: HONEYCOMB structures; Subject Term: SPECIFIC gravity; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic constants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elongated cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kelvin foam model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear modulus; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2009.05.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, Ali H.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Kittaka, Chieko
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Rogers, Raymond R.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Lee, Kam-Pui
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph E.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
T1  - The CALIPSO Automated Aerosol Classification and Lidar Ratio Selection Algorithm.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1994
EP  - 2014
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Descriptions are provided of the aerosol classification algorithms and the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (lidar ratio) selection schemes for the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) aerosol products. One year of CALIPSO level 2 version 2 data are analyzed to assess the veracity of the CALIPSO aerosol-type identification algorithm and generate vertically resolved distributions of aerosol types and their respective optical characteristics. To assess the robustness of the algorithm, the interannual variability is analyzed by using a fixed season (June–August) and aerosol type (polluted dust) over two consecutive years (2006 and 2007). The CALIPSO models define six aerosol types: clean continental, clean marine, dust, polluted continental, polluted dust, and smoke, with 532-nm (1064 nm) extinction-to-backscatter ratios Sa of 35 (30), 20 (45), 40 (55), 70 (30), 65 (30), and 70 (40) sr, respectively. This paper presents the global distributions of the CALIPSO aerosol types, the complementary distributions of integrated attenuated backscatter, and the volume depolarization ratio for each type. The aerosol-type distributions are further partitioned according to surface type (land/ocean) and detection resolution (5, 20, and 80 km) for optical and spatial context, because the optically thick layers are found most often at the smallest spatial resolution. Except for clean marine and polluted continental, all the aerosol types are found preferentially at the 80-km resolution. Nearly 80% of the smoke cases and 60% of the polluted dust cases are found over water, whereas dust and polluted continental cases are found over both land and water at comparable frequencies. Because the CALIPSO observables do not sufficiently constrain the determination of the aerosol, the surface type is used to augment the selection criteria. Distributions of the total attenuated color ratios show that the use of surface type in the typing algorithm does not result in abrupt and artificial changes in aerosol type or extinction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar in atmospheric chemistry
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - CLIMATIC changes -- Detection
N1  - Accession Number: 44539803; Omar, Ali H. 1,2; Email Address: ali.h.omar@nasa.gov Winker, David M. 1 Kittaka, Chieko 3 Vaughan, Mark A. 1 Liu, Zhaoyan 4 Hu, Yongxiang 1 Trepte, Charles R. 1 Rogers, Raymond R. 3 Ferrare, Richard A. 1 Lee, Kam-Pui 1 Kuehn, Ralph E. 3 Hostetler, Chris A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Corresponding author address: Ali H. Omar, NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: Science Systems and Applications International, Hampton, Virginia  4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 26 Issue 10, p1994; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar in atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Detection; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Powell, Kathleen A.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph E.
AU  - Hunt, William H.
AU  - Lee, Kam-Pui
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Rogers, Raymond R.
AU  - Young, Stuart A.
AU  - Winker, David M.
T1  - CALIPSO Lidar Calibration Algorithms. Part I: Nighttime 532-nm Parallel Channel and 532-nm Perpendicular Channel.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2015
EP  - 2033
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) mission was launched in April 2006 and has continuously acquired collocated multisensor observations of the spatial and optical properties of clouds and aerosols in the earth’s atmosphere. The primary payload aboard CALIPSO is the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), which makes range-resolved measurements of elastic backscatter at 532 and 1064 nm and linear depolarization ratios at 532 nm. CALIOP measurements are important in reducing uncertainties that currently limit understanding of the global climate system, and it is essential that these measurements be accurately calibrated. This work describes the procedures used to calibrate the 532-nm measurements acquired during the nighttime portions of the CALIPSO orbits. Accurate nighttime calibration of the 532-nm parallel-channel data is fundamental to the success of the CALIOP measurement scheme, because the nighttime calibration is used to infer calibration across the day side of the orbits and all other channels are calibrated relative to the 532-nm parallel channel. The theoretical basis of the molecular normalization technique as applied to space-based lidar measurements is reviewed, and a comprehensive overview of the calibration algorithm implementation is provided. Also included is a description of a data filtering procedure that detects and removes spurious high-energy events that would otherwise introduce large errors into the calibration. Error estimates are derived and comparisons are made to validation data acquired by the NASA airborne high–spectral resolution lidar. Similar analyses are also presented for the 532-nm perpendicular-channel calibration technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 44539801; Powell, Kathleen A. 1,2; Email Address: kathleen.a.powell@nasa.gov Hostetler, Chris A. 1 Liu, Zhaoyan 3 Vaughan, Mark A. 1 Kuehn, Ralph E. 4 Hunt, William H. 4 Lee, Kam-Pui 1 Trepte, Charles R. 1 Rogers, Raymond R. 1 Young, Stuart A. 5 Winker, David M. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia  2: Corresponding author address: Kathleen A. Powell, MS 475, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  5: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 26 Issue 10, p2015; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Powell, Kathleen A.
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph E.
AU  - Young, Stuart A.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Hunt, William H.
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - McGill, Matthew J.
AU  - Getzewich, Brian J.
T1  - Fully Automated Detection of Cloud and Aerosol Layers in the CALIPSO Lidar Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2034
EP  - 2050
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Accurate knowledge of the vertical and horizontal extent of clouds and aerosols in the earth’s atmosphere is critical in assessing the planet’s radiation budget and for advancing human understanding of climate change issues. To retrieve this fundamental information from the elastic backscatter lidar data acquired during the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission, a selective, iterated boundary location (SIBYL) algorithm has been developed and deployed. SIBYL accomplishes its goals by integrating an adaptive context-sensitive profile scanner into an iterated multiresolution spatial averaging scheme. This paper provides an in-depth overview of the architecture and performance of the SIBYL algorithm. It begins with a brief review of the theory of target detection in noise-contaminated signals, and an enumeration of the practical constraints levied on the retrieval scheme by the design of the lidar hardware, the geometry of a space-based remote sensing platform, and the spatial variability of the measurement targets. Detailed descriptions are then provided for both the adaptive threshold algorithm used to detect features of interest within individual lidar profiles and the fully automated multiresolution averaging engine within which this profile scanner functions. The resulting fusion of profile scanner and averaging engine is specifically designed to optimize the trade-offs between the widely varying signal-to-noise ratio of the measurements and the disparate spatial resolutions of the detection targets. Throughout the paper, specific algorithm performance details are illustrated using examples drawn from the existing CALIPSO dataset. Overall performance is established by comparisons to existing layer height distributions obtained by other airborne and space-based lidars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPATIAL variation
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OPTICAL radar in atmospheric chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 44539804; Vaughan, Mark A. 1,2; Email Address: mark.a.vaughan@nasa.gov Powell, Kathleen A. 1 Kuehn, Ralph E. 3 Young, Stuart A. 4 Winker, David M. 1 Hostetler, Chris A. 1 Hunt, William H. 3 Liu, Zhaoyan 5 McGill, Matthew J. 6 Getzewich, Brian J. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia  2: Mail Stop 475, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199.  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  4: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia  5: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 26 Issue 10, p2034; Subject Term: SPATIAL variation; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar in atmospheric chemistry; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Wei
AU  - Shu, Chi-Wang
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Sjögreen, Björn
T1  - High-order well-balanced schemes and applications to non-equilibrium flow
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 228
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 6682
EP  - 6702
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The appearance of the source terms in modeling non-equilibrium flow problems containing finite-rate chemistry or combustion poses additional numerical difficulties beyond that for solving non-reacting flows. A well-balanced scheme, which can preserve certain non-trivial steady state solutions exactly, may help minimize some of these difficulties. In this paper, a simple one-dimensional non-equilibrium model with one temperature is considered. We first describe a general strategy to design high-order well-balanced finite-difference schemes and then study the well-balanced properties of the high-order finite-difference weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme, modified balanced WENO schemes and various total variation diminishing (TVD) schemes. The advantages of using a well-balanced scheme in preserving steady states and in resolving small perturbations of such states will be shown. Numerical examples containing both smooth and discontinuous solutions are included to verify the improved accuracy, in addition to the well-balanced behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - STATISTICAL physics
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - VARIATIONAL principles
KW  - Chemical reactions
KW  - Non-equilibrium flow
KW  - Nozzle flow
KW  - TVD schemes
KW  - Well-balanced schemes
KW  - WENO schemes
N1  - Accession Number: 43531273; Wang, Wei 1 Shu, Chi-Wang 2; Email Address: shu@dam.brown.edu Yee, H.C. 3 Sjögreen, Björn 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States  2: Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, United States; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 228 Issue 18, p6682; Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: STATISTICAL physics; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: VARIATIONAL principles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-equilibrium flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nozzle flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: TVD schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Well-balanced schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO schemes; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.05.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - Remington, Roger W.
T1  - How Strategic Is the Central Bottleneck: Can It Be Overcome by Trying Harder?
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 35
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1368
EP  - 1384
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Recent dual-task studies suggest that a bottleneck prevents central mental operations from working on more than one task at a time, especially at relatively low practice levels. It remains highly controversial, however, whether this bottleneck is structural (inherent to human cognitive architecture) or merely a strategic choice. If the strategic hypothesis is testable, it ought to predict that, under sufficiently strong incentives, people could choose to bypass the bottleneck and perform both tasks in parallel. Because the incentives for parallel processing in previous studies have been modest, the authors introduced a novel dual-task paradigm with much greater incentives, induced by strict time deadlines for each task. With this paradigm, bottleneck delays would cause participants to frequently miss the time deadline or make errors, triggering immediate negative consequences (failure feedback). Nevertheless, participants had little success performing central operations in parallel; severe dual-task performance costs were observed, even with relatively easy tasks. These results greatly strengthen the case that the central bottleneck reflects a structural limitation that, at least at modest practice levels, cannot be avoided merely by trying harder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - CHOICE (Psychology)
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY
KW  - PROTOCOL analysis (Cognition)
KW  - INDIVIDUALS' preferences
N1  - Accession Number: 74756308; Ruthruff, Eric 1; Email Address: ruthruff@unm.edu Johnston, James C. 2 Remington, Roger W. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of New Mexico  2: NASA Ames Research Center  3: The University of Queensland; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 35 Issue 5, p1368; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: CHOICE (Psychology); Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY; Subject Term: PROTOCOL analysis (Cognition); Subject Term: INDIVIDUALS' preferences; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/a0015784
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palumbo, Dan
T1  - Estimating sound power radiated from rectangular baffled panels using a radiation factor.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 126
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1827
EP  - 1837
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A method is introduced which is shown to predict radiated sound power from rectangular baffled panels. The method employs a filtered wavenumber transform to extract the power in the supersonic wavenumbers on the panel and a radiation factor to scale the supersonic power to match the actual radiated sound power. Although empirically derived, the radiation factor is shown to be related to the radiation efficiency of an infinite panel. The radiation factor is simple, depending only on the ratio of the wavenumbers of the panel to the radiation medium, and the method is straightforward to use, requiring only the panel normal velocities. The computation is efficient, as much as two orders of magnitude faster than a Rayleigh integration, thus providing a means of combining sound power predictions with finite element optimizations. A formula is derived which predicts the lowest frequency for which the method is valid as a function of the bin width of the wavenumber transform. The radiation factor method is shown to produce radiated sound power estimates which favorably compare to estimates derived from intensity measurements of physical test specimens and to Rayleigh integral estimates computed using both simulated and measured velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUNDS
KW  - VOCAL tract
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - AUDITORY adaptation
KW  - HEARING
N1  - Accession Number: 44483689; Palumbo, Dan 1; Email Address: d.l.palumbo@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 463, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 126 Issue 4, p1827; Subject Term: SOUNDS; Subject Term: VOCAL tract; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: AUDITORY adaptation; Subject Term: HEARING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 512290 Other Sound Recording Industries; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.3203930
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Spuckler, Charles M.
AU  - Markham, James R.
T1  - Determination of Scattering and Absorption Coefficients for Plasma-Sprayed Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thermal Barrier Coatings at Elevated Temperatures.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 92
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2276
EP  - 2285
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The temperature dependence of the scattering and absorption coefficients for a set of freestanding plasma-sprayed 8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) was determined at temperatures up to 1360°C in a wavelength range from 1.2 μm up to the 8YSZ absorption edge. The scattering and absorption coefficients were determined by fitting the directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance values calculated by a four-flux Kubelka–Munk method to the experimentally measured hemispherical-directional reflectance and transmittance values obtained for five 8YSZ thicknesses. The scattering coefficient exhibited a continuous decrease with increasing wavelength and showed no significant temperature dependence. The scattering is primarily attributed to the relatively temperature-insensitive refractive index mismatch between the 8YSZ and its internal voids. The absorption coefficient was very low (<1 cm−1) at wavelengths between 2 μm and the absorption edge and showed a definite temperature dependence that consisted of a shift of the absorption edge to shorter wavelengths and an increase in the weak absorption below the absorption edge with increasing temperature. The shift in the absorption edge with temperature is attributed to strongly temperature-dependent multiphonon absorption. While TBC hemispherical transmittance beyond the absorption edge can be predicted by a simple exponential decrease with thickness, below the absorption edge, typical TBC thicknesses are well below the thickness range where a simple exponential decrease in hemispherical transmittance with TBC thickness is expected. [Correction added after online publication August 11, 2009: “edge to a shorter wavelengths” has been updated as “edge to shorter wavelengths.”] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - REFRACTIVE index
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - PESTICIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 44337142; Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.i.eldridge@nasa.gov Spuckler, Charles M. 1 Markham, James R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  2: Advanced Fuel Research Inc., East Hartford, Connecticut 06108.; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 92 Issue 10, p2276; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: PESTICIDES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424910 Farm Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2009.03217.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Azúa-Bustos, A.
AU  - González-Silva, C.
AU  - Mancilla, R. A.
AU  - Salas, L.
AU  - Palma, R. E.
AU  - Wynne, J. J.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Vicuña, R.
T1  - Ancient Photosynthetic Eukaryote Biofilms in an Atacama Desert Coastal Cave.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 485
EP  - 496
SN  - 00953628
AB  - Caves offer a stable and protected environment from harsh and changing outside prevailing conditions. Hence, they represent an interesting habitat for studying life in extreme environments. Here, we report the presence of a member of the ancient eukaryote red algae Cyanidium group in a coastal cave of the hyperarid Atacama Desert. This microorganism was found to form a seemingly monospecific biofilm growing under extremely low photon flux levels. Our work suggests that this species, Cyanidium sp. Atacama, is a new member of a recently proposed novel monophyletic lineage of mesophilic “cave” Cyanidium sp., distinct from the remaining three other lineages which are all thermo-acidophilic. The cave described in this work may represent an evolutionary island for life in the midst of the Atacama Desert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CAVES
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - RED algae
KW  - CYANIDIUM
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
N1  - Accession Number: 44206728; Azúa-Bustos, A. 1,2; Email Address: ajazua@uc.cl González-Silva, C. 3 Mancilla, R. A. 1 Salas, L. 1 Palma, R. E. 4 Wynne, J. J. 5 McKay, C. P. 6 Vicuña, R. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile  2: Millennium Institute for Fundamental and Applied Biology, Santiago, Chile  3: Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceúticas, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique, Chile  4: Departamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile  5: USGS, Southwest Biological Science Center, and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA  6: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p485; Subject Term: CAVES; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: RED algae; Subject Term: CYANIDIUM; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-009-9500-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Azúa-Bustos, A.
AU  - González-Silva, C.
AU  - Mancilla, R.
AU  - Salas, L.
AU  - Palma, R.
AU  - Wynne, J.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Vicuña, R.
T1  - Ancient Photosynthetic Eukaryote Biofilms in an Atacama Desert Coastal Cave.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 58
IS  - 3
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 497
EP  - 497
SN  - 00953628
AB  - A correction to the article "Ancient Photosynthetic Eukaryote Biofilms in an Atacama Desert Coastal Cave," by A. Azüa-Bustos and colleagues, published online on May 7, 2009 is presented.
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
N1  - Accession Number: 44206719; Azúa-Bustos, A.; Email Address: ajazua@uc.cl González-Silva, C. 1 Mancilla, R. 2 Salas, L. 2 Palma, R. Wynne, J. 3 McKay, C. 4 Vicuña, R.; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Farmaceúticas, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique Chile  2: Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad, de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340 Santiago Chile  3: USGS, Southwest Biological Science Center, and Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff 86011 USA  4: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 58 Issue 3, p497; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-009-9521-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Courty, Pierre-Emmanuel
T1  - Saprotrophic capabilities as functional traits to study functional diversity and resilience of ectomycorrhizal community.
JO  - Oecologia
JF  - Oecologia
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 161
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 661
EP  - 664
SN  - 00298549
AB  - In an accompanying editorial Dr Petr Baldrian made a case casting doubt on our recent work addressing the saprophytic potential of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. Dr Baldrian’s statements illustrate a very valid truth: the book is still very much open on this subject. The point he raised that the only logical reason for these fungi to be responding to high carbon demand or decreased host photosynthetic capacity by up-regulating enzymes is for the purpose of carbon acquisition is valid as well. Despite this, he makes the case that there is no compelling evidence that EM fungi exhibit saprophytic activity. The concept central to Dr Baldrian’s conclusion is that even though some EM fungi possess the genes necessary for saprophytic behaviour and may even express these genes, EM fungi do not inhabit a position in the soil column that provides access to usable substrate. In this paper we present both previously published and newly obtained data that demonstrate that this assumption is erroneous, and we present arguments that place the saprophytic potential of EM fungi within a broad ecological context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oecologia is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECTOMYCORRHIZAL fungi
KW  - FUNGI
KW  - ECTOMYCORRHIZAS
KW  - SAPROPHYTISM
KW  - ENZYMES
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - Ecosystem function
KW  - Ectomycorrhizae
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Saprophytic
N1  - Accession Number: 44190691; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: cullings1@earthlink.net Courty, Pierre-Emmanuel 2; Email Address: pierre.courty@unibas.ch; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, MoVett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Botanical Institute, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 161 Issue 4, p661; Subject Term: ECTOMYCORRHIZAL fungi; Subject Term: FUNGI; Subject Term: ECTOMYCORRHIZAS; Subject Term: SAPROPHYTISM; Subject Term: ENZYMES; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhizae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saprophytic; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00442-009-1434-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howes, Andrew
AU  - Lewis, Richard L.
AU  - Vera, Alonso
T1  - Rational Adaptation Under Task and Processing Constraints: Implications for Testing Theories of Cognition and Action.
JO  - Psychological Review
JF  - Psychological Review
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 116
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 717
EP  - 751
SN  - 0033295X
AB  - The authors assume that individuals adapt rationally to a utility function given constraints imposed by their cognitive architecture and the local task environment. This assumption underlies a new approach to modeling and understanding cognition-cognitively bounded rational analysis-that sharpens the predictive acuity of general, integrated theories of cognition and action. Such theories provide the necessary computational means to explain the flexible nature of human behavior but in doing so introduce extreme degrees of freedom in accounting for data. The new approach narrows the space of predicted behaviors through analysis of the payoff achieved by alternative strategies, rather than through fitting strategies and theoretical parameters to data. It extends and complements established approaches, including computational cognitive architectures, rational analysis, optimal motor control, bounded rationality, and signal detection theory. The authors illustrate the approach with a reanalysis of an existing account of psychological refractory period (PRP) dual-task performance and the development and analysis of a new theory of ordered dual-task responses. These analyses yield several novel results, including a new understanding of the role of strategic variation in existing accounts of PRP and the first predictive, quantitative account showing how the details of ordered dual-task phenomena emerge from the rational control of a cognitive system subject to the combined constraints of internal variance, motor interference, and a response selection bottleneck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychological Review is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UTILITY functions
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - RATIONALISM
KW  - HUMAN behavior
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SIGNAL detection (Psychology)
KW  - VARIANCES
KW  - bounded optimality
KW  - cognitive architecture
KW  - dual task
KW  - rational adaptation
KW  - response ordering
KW  - theory comparison
N1  - Accession Number: 45279525; Howes, Andrew 1; Email Address: Andrew.Howes@mbs.ac.uk Lewis, Richard L. 2 Vera, Alonso 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Manchester, United Kingdom  2: University of Michigan, Michigan  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 116 Issue 4, p717; Subject Term: UTILITY functions; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: RATIONALISM; Subject Term: HUMAN behavior; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SIGNAL detection (Psychology); Subject Term: VARIANCES; Author-Supplied Keyword: bounded optimality; Author-Supplied Keyword: cognitive architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual task; Author-Supplied Keyword: rational adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: response ordering; Author-Supplied Keyword: theory comparison; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/a0017187
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45279525&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, Randy L.
AU  - Berger, Gordon M.
AU  - Kulis, Michael J.
AU  - Hunter, Gary W.
AU  - Xu, Jennifer C.
AU  - Evans, Laura
T1  - Synthesis Methods, Microscopy Characterization and Device Integration of Nanoscale Metal Oxide Semiconductors for Gas Sensing.
JO  - Sensors (14248220)
JF  - Sensors (14248220)
Y1  - 2009/10//
VL  - 9
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 7866
EP  - 7902
SN  - 14248220
AB  - A comparison is made between SnO2, ZnO, and TiO2 single-crystal nanowires and SnO2 polycrystalline nanofibers for gas sensing. Both nanostructures possess a one-dimensional morphology. Different synthesis methods are used to produce these materials: thermal evaporation-condensation (TEC), controlled oxidation, and electrospinning. Advantages and limitations of each technique are listed. Practical issues associated with harvesting, purification, and integration of these materials into sensing devices are detailed. For comparison to the nascent form, these sensing materials are surface coated with Pd and Pt nanoparticles. Gas sensing tests, with respect to H2, are conducted at ambient and elevated temperatures. Comparative normalized responses and time constants for the catalyst and noncatalyst systems provide a basis for identification of the superior metal-oxide nanostructure and catalyst combination. With temperature-dependent data, Arrhenius analyses are made to determine activation energies for the catalyst-assisted systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors (14248220) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductors
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - NANOFIBERS
KW  - CRYSTALLINE electric field
KW  - CRYSTAL texture
KW  - SYNTHESIS gas
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - NANOSCIENCE
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - catalyst
KW  - gas analysis
KW  - gas detector
KW  - gas sensor
KW  - integration
KW  - metal oxide
KW  - nanorods
KW  - nanostructure
N1  - Accession Number: 45446334; Vander Wal, Randy L. 1; Email Address: RandyVW@psu.edu Berger, Gordon M. 2; Email Address: Gordon.M.Berger@grc.nasa.gov Kulis, Michael J. 2; Email Address: Michael.J.Kulis@grc.nasa.gov Hunter, Gary W. 3; Email Address: Gary.W.Hunter@grc.nasa.gov Xu, Jennifer C. 3; Email Address: Jennifer.C.Xu@grc.nasa.gov Evans, Laura 3; Email Address: Laura.Evans@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Penn State University, Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering, The Energy Institute and The Penn State Institutes of Energy and The Environment (PSIEE), 203 Hosler Bldg. University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research (NCSER), 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p7866; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: NANOFIBERS; Subject Term: CRYSTALLINE electric field; Subject Term: CRYSTAL texture; Subject Term: SYNTHESIS gas; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: catalyst; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas detector; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: metal oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanorods; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanostructure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 19 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/s91007866
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45446334&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper, George
AU  - Sant, Minakshi
AU  - Asiyo, Cynthia
T1  - Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry resolution of sugar acid enantiomers on a permethylated β-cyclodextrin stationary phase
JO  - Journal of Chromatography A
JF  - Journal of Chromatography A
Y1  - 2009/10/02/
VL  - 1216
IS  - 40
M3  - Article
SP  - 6838
EP  - 6843
SN  - 00219673
AB  - Analysis of compounds in meteorites revealed a need to simultaneously characterize multiple enantiomers of sugar acids (aldonic acids) present in trace amounts. Analyses by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry demonstrated that all but two of the three-carbon through six-carbon straight-chained sugar acid enantiomer pairs could be resolved using a single derivatization procedure and one set of GC parameters. Compounds were analyzed as their ethyl ester/O-triflouroacetyl, isopropyl ester/O-triflouroacetyl and isopropyl ester/O-pentafluoropropionyl derivatives on a capillary column containing permethylated β-cyclodextrin (Chirasil-Dex CB) as the stationary phase. Characteristic mass fragments are related to the ester groups while several ions are also common to derivatized monosaccharides. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chromatography A is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
KW  - RESOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - CYCLODEXTRINS
KW  - CARBOXYLIC acids
KW  - SUGARS
KW  - ENANTIOMERS
KW  - METHYLATION
KW  - STATIONARY phase (Chromatography)
KW  - MONOSACCHARIDES
KW  - Aldonic acid
KW  - Chiralsil-Dex CB
KW  - Cyclodextrin
KW  - Enantiomers
KW  - Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
KW  - Sugar acid
N1  - Accession Number: 44177580; Cooper, George; Email Address: gcooper@mail.arc.nasa.gov Sant, Minakshi 1 Asiyo, Cynthia 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 1216 Issue 40, p6838; Subject Term: GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CYCLODEXTRINS; Subject Term: CARBOXYLIC acids; Subject Term: SUGARS; Subject Term: ENANTIOMERS; Subject Term: METHYLATION; Subject Term: STATIONARY phase (Chromatography); Subject Term: MONOSACCHARIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aldonic acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chiralsil-Dex CB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyclodextrin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enantiomers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sugar acid; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.07.073
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44177580&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qiu, S.
AU  - Krishnan, V. B.
AU  - Padula II, S. A.
AU  - Noebe, R. D.
AU  - Brown, D. W.
AU  - Clausen, B.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - Measurement of the lattice plane strain and phase fraction evolution during heating and cooling in shape memory NiTi.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/10/05/
VL  - 95
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 141906
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We report on in situ neutron diffraction measurements during heating and cooling through the phase transformation in shape memory NiTi. The lattice plane specific strain evolution remains linear with temperature and is not influenced by intergranular stresses, enabling the determination of the thermal expansion tensor of B19′ NiTi. The neutron measurements are consistent with macroscopic dilatometric measurements and a 30 000 grain polycrystalline self-consistent model. The accommodative nature of B19′ NiTi results in macroscopic shape changes being offset (with temperature) from the start and finish of the transformation. The texture does not evolve in the absence of biasing stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - NEUTRON diffraction
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
N1  - Accession Number: 44539706; Qiu, S. 1 Krishnan, V. B. 1 Padula II, S. A. 2 Noebe, R. D. 2 Brown, D. W. 3 Clausen, B. 3 Vaidyanathan, R. 1; Email Address: raj@mail.ucf.edu; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA; Source Info: 10/5/2009, Vol. 95 Issue 14, p141906; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: NEUTRON diffraction; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3245308
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gayon-Markt, Julie
AU  - Bois, Eric
T1  - On fitting planetary systems in counter-revolving configurations.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2009/10/11/
VL  - 399
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L137
EP  - L140
SN  - 17453925
AB  - In Gayon & Bois and Gayon, Bois & Scholl, (i) we studied the theoretical feasibility and efficiency of retrograde mean motion resonances (i.e. two planets are both in orbital resonance and in counter-revolving configuration), (ii) we showed that retrograde resonances can generate interesting mechanisms of stability and (iii) we obtained a dynamical fit involving a counter-revolving configuration that is consistent with the observations of the HD 73526 planetary system. In the present Letter, we present and analyse data reductions assuming counter-revolving configurations for eight compact multiplanetary systems detected through the radial velocity method. In each case, we select the best fit leading to a dynamically stable solution. The resulting data reductions obtained in rms and values for counter-revolving configurations are of the same order, and sometimes slightly better than for prograde configurations. In the end, these fits tend to show that, over the eight studied multiplanetary systems, six of them could be regulated by a mechanism involving a counter-revolving configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONFIGURATION space
KW  - DATA reduction
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - techniques: radial velocities
N1  - Accession Number: 44415551; Gayon-Markt, Julie 1,2; Email Address: julie.gayon@oca.eu Bois, Eric 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, B.P. 4229, F-06304 Nice, Cedex 4, France  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 399 Issue 1, pL137; Subject Term: CONFIGURATION space; Subject Term: DATA reduction; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: radial velocities; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00740.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Asis, Edward D.
AU  - Leung, Joseph
AU  - Wood, Sally
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
T1  - High spatial resolution single multiwalled carbon nanotube electrode for stimulation, recording, and whole cell voltage clamping of electrically active cells.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/10/12/
VL  - 95
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 153701
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We report the stimulation, recording, and voltage clamp of muscle fibers using a 30 nm diameter single multiwalled carbon nanotube electrode (sMWNT electrode) tip. Because of the lower access resistance, the sMWNT electrode conducts extracellular and intracellular stimulation more efficiently compared to glass micropipettes. The sMWNT electrode records field potentials and action potentials and performs whole cell voltage clamping of single fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - MICROPIPETTES
KW  - VOLTAGE-clamp techniques (Electrophysiology)
KW  - ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY -- Technique
N1  - Accession Number: 44665204; de Asis, Edward D. 1 Leung, Joseph 2 Wood, Sally 1 Nguyen, Cattien V. 3; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053,  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,  3: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Source Info: 10/12/2009, Vol. 95 Issue 15, p153701; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: MICROPIPETTES; Subject Term: VOLTAGE-clamp techniques (Electrophysiology); Subject Term: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY -- Technique; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3247885
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nicolau, Eduardo
AU  - González-González, Ileana
AU  - Flynn, Michael
AU  - Griebenow, Kai
AU  - Cabrera, Carlos R.
T1  - Bioelectrochemical degradation of urea at platinized boron doped diamond electrodes for bioregenerative systems
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/10/15/
VL  - 44
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 965
EP  - 970
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The recovery of potable water from space mission wastewater is critical for the life support and environmental health of crew members in long-term missions. NASA estimates reveal that at manned space missions 1.91kg/person day of urine is produced, with urea and various salts as its main components. In this research we explore the utilization of urease (EC 3.5.1.5, 15,000U/g) along with a platinized boron doped diamond electrode (Pt-BDD) to degrade urea. Urea is directly degraded to nitrogen by the in situ utilization of the reaction products as a strategy to increase the amount of clean water in future space expeditions. The biochemical reaction of urease produces ammonia and carbon dioxide from urea. Thereafter, ammonia is electrooxidized at the interface of the Pt-BDD producing molecular nitrogen. The herein presented system has been proven to have 20% urea conversion efficiency. This research has potential applications for future long-term space missions since the reaction byproducts could be used for a biomass subsystem (in situ resource recovery), while generating electricity from the same process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIODEGRADATION
KW  - UREA
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - DIAMONDS
KW  - BORON
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - Bioelectrochemistry
KW  - Bioreactor
KW  - Boron-doped diamond
KW  - Urea
KW  - Urease
KW  - Wastewater
N1  - Accession Number: 44012409; Nicolau, Eduardo 1 González-González, Ileana 1 Flynn, Michael 2 Griebenow, Kai 1; Email Address: kai.griebenow@gmail.com Cabrera, Carlos R. 1; Email Address: ccabrera@uprrp.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and NASA Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Bioengineering Branch, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 44 Issue 8, p965; Subject Term: BIODEGRADATION; Subject Term: UREA; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: DIAMONDS; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioelectrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioreactor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boron-doped diamond; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urease; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wastewater; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414410 Jewellery and watch merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.04.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44012409&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - La Duc, Myron T.
AU  - Osman, Shariff
AU  - Vaishampayan, Parag
AU  - Piceno, Yvette
AU  - Andersen, Gary
AU  - Spry, J. A.
AU  - Venkateswaranh, Kasthuri
T1  - Comprehensive Census of Bacteria in Clean Rooms by Using DNA Microarray and Cloning Methods.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2009/10/15/
VL  - 75
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 6559
EP  - 6567
SN  - 00992240
AB  - A census of clean room surface-associated bacterial populations was derived from the results of both the cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and DNA microarray (PhyloChip) analyses. Samples from the Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Multiple Testing Facility (LMA-MTF), the Kennedy Space Center Payload Hazard and Servicing Facility (KSC-PHSF), and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory Spacecraft Assembly Facility (JPL-SAF) clean rooms were collected during the various assembly phases of the Phoenix and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) spacecraft. Clone library-derived analyses detected a larger bacterial diversity prior to the arrival of spacecraft hardware in these clean room facilities. PhyloChip results were in agreement with this trend but also unveiled the presence of anywhere from 9- to 70-fold more bacterial taxa than cloning approaches. Among the facilities sampled, the JPL-SAF (MSL mission) housed a significantly less diverse bacterial population than either the LMA-MTF or KSC-PHSF (Phoenix mission). Bacterial taxa known to thrive in arid conditions were frequently detected in MSL-associated JPL-SAF samples, whereas proteobacterial lineages dominated Phoenix-associated KSC-PHSF samples. Comprehensive bacterial censuses, such as that reported here, will help space-faring nations preemptively identify contaminant biomatter that may compromise extraterrestrial life detection experiments. The robust nature and high sensitivity of DNA microarray technologies should prove beneficial to a wide range of scientific, electronic, homeland security, medical, and pharmaceutical applications and to any other ventures with a vested interest in monitoring and controlling contamination in exceptionally clean environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLEAN rooms -- Microbiology
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - CLONING
KW  - CENSUS
KW  - BACTERIAL diversity
KW  - MICROBIAL contamination
KW  - PREVENTION
KW  - LOCKHEED Martin Aeronautical Systems (Company)
KW  - JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center
KW  - JET Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 47178224; La Duc, Myron T. 1 Osman, Shariff 2 Vaishampayan, Parag 1 Piceno, Yvette 2 Andersen, Gary 2 Spry, J. A. 1 Venkateswaranh, Kasthuri 1; Email Address: kjvenkat@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 857212; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 75 Issue 20, p6559; Subject Term: CLEAN rooms -- Microbiology; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: CLONING; Subject Term: CENSUS; Subject Term: BACTERIAL diversity; Subject Term: MICROBIAL contamination; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Company/Entity: LOCKHEED Martin Aeronautical Systems (Company) Company/Entity: JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center Company/Entity: JET Propulsion Laboratory (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.01073-09
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fike, David A.
AU  - Finke, Niko
AU  - Zha, Jessica
AU  - Blake, Garrett
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
T1  - The effect of sulfate concentration on (sub)millimeter-scale sulfide δ34S in hypersaline cyanobacterial mats over the diurnal cycle
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2009/10/15/
VL  - 73
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 6187
EP  - 6204
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Substantial isotopic fractionations are associated with many microbial sulfur metabolisms and measurements of the bulk δ34S isotopic composition of sulfur species (predominantly sulfates and/or sulfides) have been a key component in developing our understanding of both modern and ancient biogeochemical cycling. However, the interpretations of bulk δ34S measurements are often non-unique, making reconstructions of paleoenvironmental conditions or microbial ecology challenging. In particular, the link between the μm-scale microbial activity that generates isotopic signatures and their eventual preservation as a bulk rock value in the geologic record has remained elusive, in large part because of the difficulty of extracting sufficient material at small scales. Here we investigate the potential for small-scale (∼100μm–1cm) δ34S variability to provide additional constraints for environmental and/or ecological reconstructions. We have investigated the impact of sulfate concentrations (0.2, 1, and 80mM SO4) on the δ34S composition of hydrogen sulfide produced over the diurnal (day/night) cycle in cyanobacterial mats from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Sulfide was captured as silver sulfide on the surface of a 2.5cm metallic silver disk partially submerged beneath the mat surface. Subsequent analyses were conducted on a Cameca 7f-GEO secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) to record spatial δ34S variability within the mats under different environmental conditions. Isotope measurements were made in a 2-dimensional grid for each incubation, documenting both lateral and vertical isotopic variation within the mats. Typical grids consisted of ∼400–800 individual measurements covering a lateral distance of ∼1mm and a vertical depth of ∼5–15mm. There is a large isotopic enrichment (∼10–20‰) in the uppermost mm of sulfide in those mats where [SO4] was non-limiting (field and lab incubations at 80mM). This is attributed to rapid recycling of sulfur (elevated sulfate reduction rates and extensive sulfide oxidation) at and above the chemocline. This isotopic gradient is observed in both day and night enrichments and suggests that, despite the close physical association between cyanobacteria and select sulfate-reducing bacteria, photosynthetic forcing has no substantive impact on δ34S in these cyanobacterial mats. Perhaps equally surprising, large, spatially-coherent δ34S oscillations (∼20–30‰ over 1mm) occurred at depths up to ∼1.5cm below the mat surface. These gradients must arise in situ from differential microbial metabolic activity and fractionation during sulfide production at depth. Sulfate concentrations were the dominant control on the spatial variability of sulfide δ34S. Decreased sulfate concentrations diminished both vertical and lateral δ34S variability, suggesting that small-scale variations of δ34S can be diagnostic for reconstructing past sulfate concentrations, even when original sulfate δ34S is unknown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - SULFIDES
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - METABOLISM
KW  - SULFUR isotopes
KW  - HYDROGEN sulfide
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - BAJA California (Mexico : Peninsula)
KW  - MEXICO
N1  - Accession Number: 44178358; Fike, David A. 1,2; Email Address: dfike@levee.wustl.edu Finke, Niko 3,4 Zha, Jessica 5 Blake, Garrett 6 Hoehler, Tori M. 3 Orphan, Victoria J. 1; Email Address: vorphan@gps.caltech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States  2: Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences & McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark  5: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States  6: Pitzer College, Claremont, CA 91711, United States; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 73 Issue 20, p6187; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: SULFIDES; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: METABOLISM; Subject Term: SULFUR isotopes; Subject Term: HYDROGEN sulfide; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: BAJA California (Mexico : Peninsula); Subject Term: MEXICO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muniz, Andre R.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Maroudas, Dimitrios
T1  - On the hydrogen storage capacity of carbon nanotube bundles.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/10/19/
VL  - 95
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 163111
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - An analytical model is presented to describe the effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) swelling upon hydrogenation on the hydrogen storage capacity of single-walled CNT bundles; the model is properly parameterized using atomistic calculations for the relationship between CNT swelling and the degree of hydrogenation as measured by the coverage of the CNTs by chemisorbed atomic H. The model generates experimentally testable hypotheses, which can be used to explain the lower H storage capacities reported for CNT bundles and the experimentally observed nonuniformity of hydrogenation of CNT bundles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - HYDROGENATION
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - NONMETALS
N1  - Accession Number: 44837240; Muniz, Andre R. 1 Meyyappan, M. 2 Maroudas, Dimitrios 1; Email Address: maroudas@ecs.umass.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-3110, USA.  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 10/19/2009, Vol. 95 Issue 16, p163111; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: HYDROGENATION; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: NONMETALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3253711
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HUAGUO HUANG
AU  - MIN CHEN
AU  - QINHUO LIU
AU  - QIANG LIU
AU  - YANG ZHANG
AU  - LIQIONG ZHAO
AU  - WENHAN QIN
T1  - A realistic structure model for large-scale surface leaving radiance simulation of forest canopy and accuracy assessment.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2009/10/20/
VL  - 30
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 5421
EP  - 5439
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The radiosity-graphics model (RGM) is an important branch of computer simulation modelling for the vegetation bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). As the radiosity method is based on a global solving technique, the RGM can only deal with limited numbers of polygons, and has only been used for small-scale flat terrain scenes. However, the land surface is generally rugged, so it is necessary to extend the RGM to simulate the surface leaving radiance of the forest canopy at a large scale with complex topography. The methodology adopted in this paper is: (1) virtual forest scene generation combined with a digital elevation model; (2) scene division method, shadowing effect correction and multiple scattering calculation; (3) merging the simulated sub-scene bidirectional reflectance factors (BRFs) to get the whole-scene BRF. The paper compares this new method with other models by choosing a large-scale conifer forest scene with a GAUSS terrain from RAMI3 (http://rami-benchmark.jrc.it). Multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) data are used to validate the extended RGM in a Picea crassifolia forest area at a satellite pixel scale in the field campaign in Gansu Province, China. The root mean square error and correlation coefficient between the simulated BRF and the MISR BRF are 0.018 and 0.98, respectively. The uncertainty and error sources of the large-scale RGM model are thoroughly analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
N1  - Accession Number: 44398104; HUAGUO HUANG 1,2 MIN CHEN 2,3 QINHUO LIU 2; Email Address: qhliu@irsa.ac.cn QIANG LIU 2 YANG ZHANG 2 LIQIONG ZHAO 1 WENHAN QIN 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, People's Republic of China.  2: State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Beijing Normal University, 100101, Beijing, People's Republic of China.  3: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.  4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 30 Issue 20, p5421; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160903130911
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xinchuan  Huang
AU  - David W.  Schwenke
AU  - Timothy J.  Lee
T1  - An Approach to Include the Effects of Diffuse Functions in Potential Energy Surface Calculationsâ.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2009/10/29/
VL  - 113
IS  - 43
M3  - Article
SP  - 11954
EP  - 11962
SN  - 10895639
AB  - A new approach is proposed and investigated for approximately including the effects of diffuse functions in one-particle basis sets when high accuracy is desired. The method is cost-effective for use in computing quartic force fields (QFFs), global potential energy surfaces (PESs), or other situations when a large part of the PES is needed. It is conservatively estimated that the use of this approximation leads to a computational savings of a factor of five, and it is argued that this could be significantly larger if input/output wait times are considered. It can be used when extrapolation to the one-particle basis set limit is performed, or it can be used simply to approximate the effect of diffuse functions for a larger basis set. The new approach is based on scaling the diffuse function effect for a smaller basis set to approximate the effect for a larger basis or an extrapolated energy in which larger basis set(s) are used. The scale factor is written as a function of the geometrical coordinates of the molecule and thus it includes a geometry dependence. We report results where the scale factor is a constant, includes through gradient terms, includes through second derivative terms, and includes through diagonal second and third derivative terms. The method has been tested in the calculation of accurate QFFs, equilibrium structures, and harmonic and fundamental vibrational frequencies for NH2â, OHâ, H2O, and CH3OH. It is found that including up through diagonal second derivative terms leads to reliable fundamental vibrational frequencies and is cost-effective. It is also concluded that the use of a 5Z-quality basis set is essential if high accuracy is desired for these properties, even with extrapolation to the one-particle basis set limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - QUANTUM field theory
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - CHEMICAL structure
N1  - Accession Number: 44864459; Xinchuan  Huang 1 David W.  Schwenke 1 Timothy J.  Lee 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Oct2009, Vol. 113 Issue 43, p11954; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: QUANTUM field theory; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: CHEMICAL structure; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clancey, William J.
AU  - Sierhuis, Maarten
AU  - Chin Seah
T1  - Workflow agents versus expert systems: Problem solving methods in work systems design.
JO  - AI EDAM
JF  - AI EDAM
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 357
EP  - 371
SN  - 08900604
AB  - During the 1980s, a community of artificial intelligence researchers became interested in formalizing problem solving methods (PSMs) as part of an effort called "second-generation expert systems." We provide an example of how we are applying second-generation expert systems concepts in an agent-based system for space flight operations, the orbital communications adapter mirroring system (OCAMS), which was developed in the Brahms multiagent framework. Brahms modeling language provides an ontology for simulating work practices, including groups, agents, activities, communications, movements, and geographic areas. Activities are a behavioral unit of analysis to be contrasted with tasks, a functional unit of analysis. Problem solving occurs in the context of activities in the service of tasks; appropriate PSMs depend on the context: which people/roles are participating, what tools are available, how the results will be evaluated, and so forth. A work practice simulation facilitates designing workflow tools that appropriately interact with the physical and organizational context in which work occurs. OCAMS was developed using a simulation-to-implementation methodology, in which a prototype workflow tool was embedded in a Brahms simulation of how people would use the tool. The reusable components in a workflow system like OCAMS include entire "problem solvers" (e.g., a planning subsystem), interoperability frameworks, and agents that inspect and change the world. Thus, a tool kit for building workflow tools requires more than a library of PSMs, which play a relatively small role in the overall multiagent, systems-integration architecture. Our research concern has shifted to situations that may arise that are outside the OCAMS' capability. In practical decision making, people must reflect on the validity of their models. As programs becoming actors in the workplace, we need to develop systems that help people to understand the limitations of the models that drive the automated operations, which means in part detecting when the formalizations in the system are inadequate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AI EDAM is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERT systems (Computer science)
KW  - WORK design
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software)
KW  - WORKFLOW software
KW  - Model-Based Automation
KW  - Problem Solving Agent
KW  - Situated Cognition
KW  - Work Practice Simulation
KW  - Work Systems Design
N1  - Accession Number: 44965512; Clancey, William J. 1,2; Email Address: william.j.clancey@nasa.gov Sierhuis, Maarten 3 Chin Seah 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA  3: Carnegie Mellon University Silicon Valley, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  4: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p357; Subject Term: EXPERT systems (Computer science); Subject Term: WORK design; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software); Subject Term: WORKFLOW software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-Based Automation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Problem Solving Agent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Situated Cognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Work Practice Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Work Systems Design; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0890060409990059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berg, Larry K.
AU  - Berkowitz, Carl M.
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Dubey, Manvendra K.
AU  - Andrews, Elisabeth
AU  - Coulter, Richard L.
AU  - Hair, Johnathan W.
AU  - Hubbe, John M.
AU  - Yin-Nan Lee
AU  - Mazzoleni, Claudio
AU  - Olfert, Jason
AU  - Springston, Stephen R.
T1  - OVERVIEW OF THE CUMULUS HUMILIS AEROSOL PROCESSING STUDY.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 90
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1653
EP  - 1667
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article offers information various studies concerning the positive effect of cumulus humilis aerosol. Based on the conclusion of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global radiative forcing caused aerosols is large and in general cools down the planet. It also mentions the general purpose of Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study (CHAPS) which is to provide concurrent observations of the chemical composition of the activated and non activated aerosols.
KW  - RESEARCH & development
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Research
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change
N1  - Accession Number: 47054631; Berg, Larry K. 1; Email Address: larry.berg@pnl.gov Berkowitz, Carl M. 1 Ogren, John A. 2 Hostetler, Chris A. 3 Ferrare, Richard A. 3 Dubey, Manvendra K. 4 Andrews, Elisabeth 5 Coulter, Richard L. 6 Hair, Johnathan W. 3 Hubbe, John M. 1 Yin-Nan Lee 7 Mazzoleni, Claudio 4 Olfert, Jason 7 Springston, Stephen R. 7; Affiliation:  1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland. Washington  2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Boulder. Colorado  3: NASA Langley Research Center. Hampton, Virginia  4: Los Alamos National Laboratory. Los Alamos, New Mexico  5: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado  6: Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne. Illinois  7: Brookhaven National Laboratory. Upton, New York; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 90 Issue 11, p1653; Subject Term: RESEARCH & development; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Research; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Company/Entity: INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009BAMS2760.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
T1  - Insolation patterns on synchronous exoplanets with obliquity
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 204
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: A previous paper [Dobrovolskis, A.R., 2007. Icarus 192, 1–23] showed that eccentricity can have profound effects on the climate, habitability, and detectability of extrasolar planets. This complementary study shows that obliquity can have comparable effects. The known exoplanets exhibit a wide range of orbital eccentricities, but those within several million kilometers of their suns are generally in near-circular orbits. This fact is widely attributed to the dissipation of tides in the planets. Tides in a planet affect its spin even more than its orbit, and such tidally evolved planets often are assumed to be in synchronous rotation, so that their rotation periods are identical to their orbital periods. The canonical example of synchronous spin is the way that our Moon always keeps nearly the same hemisphere facing the Earth. Tides also tend to reduce the planet’s obliquity (the angle between its spin and orbital angular velocities). However, orbit precession can cause the rotation to become locked in a “Cassini state”, where it retains a nearly constant non-zero obliquity. For example, our Moon maintains an obliquity of about 6.7° with respect to its orbit about the Earth. In comparison, stable Cassini states can exist for practically any obliquity up to ∼90° or more for planets of binary stars, or in multi-planet systems with high mutual inclinations, such as are produced by scattering or by the Kozai mechanism. This work considers planets in synchronous rotation with circular orbits, but arbitrary obliquity ; this affects the distribution of insolation over the planet’s surface, particularly near its poles. For , one hemisphere bakes in perpetual sunshine, while the opposite hemisphere experiences eternal darkness. As increases, the region of permanent daylight and the antipodal realm of endless night both shrink, while a more temperate area of alternating day and night spreads in longitude, and especially in latitude. The regions of permanent day or night disappear at . The insolation regime passes through several more transitions as continues to increase toward 180°, but the surface distribution of insolation remains non-uniform in both latitude and longitude. Thus obliquity, like eccentricity, can protect certain areas of the planet from the worst extremes of temperature and solar radiation, and can improve the planet’s habitability. These results also have implications for the direct detectability of extrasolar planets, and for the interpretation of their thermal emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - ECCENTRIC loads
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Resonances
KW  - Rotational dynamics
KW  - Spin-orbit
N1  - Accession Number: 44578308; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: dobro@cosmic.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Lick Observatory, U. C. Santa Cruz, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 204 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Subject Term: ECCENTRIC loads; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spin-orbit; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.06.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sui Ruan
AU  - Yunkai Zhou
AU  - Feili Yu
AU  - Pattipati, Krishna R.
AU  - Willett, Peter
AU  - Patterson-Hine, Ann
T1  - Dynamic Multiple-Fault Diagnosis With Imperfect Tests.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 39
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1224
EP  - 1236
SN  - 10834427
AB  - In this paper, we consider a model for the dynamic multiple-fault diagnosis (DMFD) problem arising in online monitoring of complex systems and present a solution. This problem involves real-time inference of the most likely set of faults and their time-evolution based on blocks of unreliable test outcomes over time. In the DMFD problem, there is a finite set of mutually independent fault states, and a finite set of sensors (tests) is used to monitor their status. We model the dependence of test outcomes on the fault states via the traditional D-matrix (fault dictionary). The tests are imperfect in the sense that they can have missed detections, false alarms, or may be available asynchronously. Based on the imperfect observations over time, the problem is to identify the most likely evolution of fault states over time. The DMFD problem is an intractable NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem. Consequently, we decompose the DMFD problem into a series of decoupled subproblems, one for each sample epoch. For a single-epoch MFD, we develop a fast and high-quality deterministic simulated annealing method. Based on the sequential inferences, a local search-and-update scheme is applied to further improve the solution. Finally, we discuss how the method can be extended to dependent faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPLEXITY (Philosophy)
KW  - REAL-time computing
KW  - SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics)
KW  - FAULT location (Engineering)
KW  - HIDDEN Markov models
KW  - LAGRANGIAN functions
KW  - COMPUTER system failures
KW  - Approximate Bayesian revision
KW  - determinisitic simulated annealing
KW  - dynamic fault diagnosis
KW  - functional HMMMs
KW  - hidden Markov models (HMMs)
KW  - Lagrangian relaxation
KW  - multiple faults
KW  - LAGRANGIAN & Hamiltonian Mechanics (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 45323099; Sui Ruan 1,2 Yunkai Zhou 3; Email Address: yzhou@smu.edu Feili Yu 1; Email Address: yu02001@engr.uconn.edu Pattipati, Krishna R. 1; Email Address: krishna@engr.uconn.edu Willett, Peter 1; Email Address: willett@engr.uconn.edu Patterson-Hine, Ann 4; Email Address: apatterson-hine@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-1157 USA  2: Department of Revenue Management and Planning, American Airlines, TX 76155 USA  3: Department of Mathematics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275-0156 USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 39 Issue 6, p1224; Subject Term: COMPLEXITY (Philosophy); Subject Term: REAL-time computing; Subject Term: SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics); Subject Term: FAULT location (Engineering); Subject Term: HIDDEN Markov models; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN functions; Subject Term: COMPUTER system failures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Approximate Bayesian revision; Author-Supplied Keyword: determinisitic simulated annealing; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic fault diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: functional HMMMs; Author-Supplied Keyword: hidden Markov models (HMMs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lagrangian relaxation; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple faults; Reviews & Products: LAGRANGIAN & Hamiltonian Mechanics (Book); Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 7 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2009.2025572
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45323099&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oza, Nikunj
AU  - Castle, J. Patrick
AU  - Stutz, John
T1  - Classification of Aeronautics System Health and Safety Documents.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part C - Applications & Reviews
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 39
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 670
EP  - 680
SN  - 10946977
AB  - The article discusses the classification of Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) and Aviation Safety Action Plan (ASAP) documents. It notes that problem categorizations were developed for ASRS and ASAP to help identify system problems. It discusses the results of two classification algorithms implemented to classify both ASRS and ASAP documents, including a support vector machine (SVP) called Mariana and the classification that were designed on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF).
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - RECORDS management
KW  - CLASSIFICATION of nonbook materials
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Evaluation
KW  - NONNEGATIVE matrices
KW  - SUPPORT vector machines
KW  - Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF)
KW  - support vector machines (SVMs)
KW  - text classification
N1  - Accession Number: 44816035; Oza, Nikunj 1; Email Address: nikunj.c.oza@nasa.gov Castle, J. Patrick 2 Stutz, John 1; Email Address: john.c.stutz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA  2: Mission Control Technologies, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 39 Issue 6, p670; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: RECORDS management; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION of nonbook materials; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Evaluation; Subject Term: NONNEGATIVE matrices; Subject Term: SUPPORT vector machines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF); Author-Supplied Keyword: support vector machines (SVMs); Author-Supplied Keyword: text classification; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561490 Other business support services; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 9 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCC.2009.2020788
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44816035&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF A COMMON-DRAIN AMPLIFIER USING A FERROELECTRIC TRANSISTOR.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 113
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 62
SN  - 10584587
AB  - This paper presents a mathematical model characterizing the behavior of a common-drain amplifier using a FeFET. The model is based on empirical data and incorporates several variables that affect the output, including frequency, load resistance, and gate-to-source voltage. Since the amplifier is the basis of many circuit configurations, a mathematical model that describes the behavior of a FeFET-based amplifier will help in the integration of FeFETs into many other circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - analog amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
KW  - model
N1  - Accession Number: 51454955; Sayyah, Rana 1 Hunt, Mitchell 1 MacLeod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Email Address: ho@ece.uah.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama, 35899, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812, USA.; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 113 Issue 1, p49; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: analog amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2009.490191
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51454955&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
AU  - Smith, Mark S.
T1  - Real-Time Dynamic Modeling: Data Information Requirements and Flight-Test Results.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1894
EP  - 1918
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Practical aspects of identifying dynamic models for aircraft in real time were studied. Topics included the formulation of an equation-error method in the frequency domain to estimate nondimensional stability and control derivatives in real time, data information content for accurate modeling results, speed of convergence, and data information management techniques such as data forgetting, incorporating prior information, and optimized excitation. Real-time dynamic modeling was applied to simulation data and flight-test data from a modified F-15B fighter aircraft and to operational flight data from a subscale jet transport aircraft. Estimated parameter standard errors, prediction cases, and comparisons with results from postflight analysis using the output-error method in the time domain were used to demonstrate the accuracy of the identified real-time models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DYNAMO (Computer program language)
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - INFORMATION resources management
KW  - FLIGHT control
N1  - Accession Number: 47799328; Morelli, Eugene A. 1 Smith, Mark S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: NASA Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards Air Force Base, California 93523; Source Info: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1894; Subject Term: DYNAMO (Computer program language); Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: INFORMATION resources management; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40764
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47799328&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwarz, Jordan B.
AU  - Dowell, Earl H.
AU  - Thomas, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Hall, Kenneth C.
AU  - Rausch, Russ D.
AU  - Bartels, Robert E.
T1  - Improved Flutter Boundary Prediction for an Isolated Two-Degree-of-Freedom Airfoil.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2069
EP  - 2076
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A novel method of computing the flutter boundary for an isolated airfoil based on a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics model reveals unusual behavior in a critical transonic range. Inviscid and viscous predictions of the flutter boundary for the two airfoils examined differ substantially in this critical region and become sensitive to Mach number and grid topology due to complicated shock/boundary-layer interactions. Computational fluid dynamics predictions of the flutter boundary for a NACA 0012 section airfoil are also compared with previous experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 47799342; Schwarz, Jordan B. 1 Dowell, Earl H. 1 Thomas, Jeffrey P. 1 Hall, Kenneth C. 1 Rausch, Russ D. 2 Bartels, Robert E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0300  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p2069; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.30703
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Ultrasonic harmonic generation from fatigue-induced dislocation substructures in planar slip metals and assessment of remaining fatigue life.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 106
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 093516-1
EP  - 093516-6
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - An analytical model is presented of the microelastic-plastic nonlinearities resulting from the interactions of a stress perturbation with dislocation substructures and cracks that evolve during cyclic fatigue of planar slip metals. The interactions are quantified by a material nonlinearity parameter β extracted from acoustic (ultrasonic) harmonic generation measurements. The β parameter for a given fatigue state is highly sensitive to the volume fractions of active persistent Luders bands (PLBs) and PLB internal stresses, as well as to the densities, loop lengths, and dipole heights of the dislocation monopoles and dipoles that form the PLBs. The β parameter is predicted to increase monotonically with the increase in the hardness of the metal during cyclic loading, thus allowing an unambiguous assessment of the remaining life of the material. The model is applied to the calculation of β as a function of percent full fatigue life of IN100 nickel-base superalloy. The theoretical predictions are in good agreement with experimental measurements reported in the literature of IN100 samples fatigued in strain-controlled, low cycle, fully reversed loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Fatigue
KW  - LUDERS bands
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in metals
KW  - BETA functions
KW  - NONLINEAR mechanics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing
N1  - Accession Number: 45248894; Cantrell, John H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 106 Issue 9, p093516-1; Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: LUDERS bands; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; Subject Term: BETA functions; Subject Term: NONLINEAR mechanics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3254223
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Trepte, Charles
AU  - Flittner, David
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Nasiri, Shaima L.
AU  - Baum, Bryan
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Wang, Zhien
AU  - Young, Stuart
AU  - Stamnes, Knut
AU  - Huang, Jianping
AU  - Kuehn, Ralph
AU  - Holz, Robert
T1  - CALIPSO/CALIOP Cloud Phase Discrimination Algorithm.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 26
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2293
EP  - 2309
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The current cloud thermodynamic phase discrimination by Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) is based on the depolarization of backscattered light measured by its lidar [Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)]. It assumes that backscattered light from ice crystals is depolarizing, whereas water clouds, being spherical, result in minimal depolarization. However, because of the relationship between the CALIOP field of view (FOV) and the large distance between the satellite and clouds and because of the frequent presence of oriented ice crystals, there is often a weak correlation between measured depolarization and phase, which thereby creates significant uncertainties in the current CALIOP phase retrieval. For water clouds, the CALIOP-measured depolarization can be large because of multiple scattering, whereas horizontally oriented ice particles depolarize only weakly and behave similarly to water clouds. Because of the nonunique depolarization–cloud phase relationship, more constraints are necessary to uniquely determine cloud phase. Based on theoretical and modeling studies, an improved cloud phase determination algorithm has been developed. Instead of depending primarily on layer-integrated depolarization ratios, this algorithm differentiates cloud phases by using the spatial correlation of layer-integrated attenuated backscatter and layer-integrated particulate depolarization ratio. This approach includes a two-step process: 1) use of a simple two-dimensional threshold method to provide a preliminary identification of ice clouds containing randomly oriented particles, ice clouds with horizontally oriented particles, and possible water clouds and 2) application of a spatial coherence analysis technique to separate water clouds from ice clouds containing horizontally oriented ice particles. Other information, such as temperature, color ratio, and vertical variation of depolarization ratio, is also considered. The algorithm works well for both the 0.3° and 3° off-nadir lidar pointing geometry. When the lidar is pointed at 0.3° off nadir, half of the opaque ice clouds and about one-third of all ice clouds have a significant lidar backscatter contribution from specular reflections from horizontally oriented particles. At 3° off nadir, the lidar backscatter signals for roughly 30% of opaque ice clouds and 20% of all observed ice clouds are contaminated by horizontally oriented crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 45062771; Hu, Yongxiang 1,2; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov Winker, David 1 Vaughan, Mark 1 Lin, Bing 1 Omar, Ali 1 Trepte, Charles 1 Flittner, David 1 Yang, Ping 3 Nasiri, Shaima L. 3 Baum, Bryan 4 Sun, Wenbo 5 Liu, Zhaoyan 6 Wang, Zhien 7 Young, Stuart 8 Stamnes, Knut 9 Huang, Jianping 10 Kuehn, Ralph 10 Holz, Robert 4; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Corresponding author address: Yongxiang Hu, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  4: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  6: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  7: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming  8: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia  9: Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey  10: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p2293; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 14 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Powell, Kathleen A.
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Hunt, William H.
AU  - Young, Stuart A.
T1  - Overview of the CALIPSO Mission and CALIOP Data Processing Algorithms.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 26
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2310
EP  - 2323
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) is a two-wavelength polarization lidar that performs global profiling of aerosols and clouds in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. CALIOP is the primary instrument on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite, which has flown in formation with the NASA A-train constellation of satellites since May 2006. The global, multiyear dataset obtained from CALIOP provides a new view of the earth’s atmosphere and will lead to an improved understanding of the role of aerosols and clouds in the climate system. A suite of algorithms has been developed to identify aerosol and cloud layers and to retrieve a variety of optical and microphysical properties. CALIOP represents a significant advance over previous space lidars, and the algorithms that have been developed have many innovative aspects to take advantage of its capabilities. This paper provides a brief overview of the CALIPSO mission, the CALIOP instrument and data products, and an overview of the algorithms used to produce these data products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 45062770; Winker, David M. 1,2; Email Address: david.m.winker@nasa.gov Vaughan, Mark A. 1 Omar, Ali 1 Hu, Yongxiang 1 Powell, Kathleen A. 1 Liu, Zhaoyan 3 Hunt, William H. 4 Young, Stuart A. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Corresponding author address: David M. Winker, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  4: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia  5: CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Victoria, Australia; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p2310; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Priestley, Kory J.
AU  - Hess, Phillip C.
AU  - Currey, Chris
AU  - Spence, Peter
T1  - Validation of Geolocation of Measurements of the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Scanning Radiometers aboard Three Spacecraft.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2009/11//
VL  - 26
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2379
EP  - 2391
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument is a scanning radiometer for measuring Earth-emitted and -reflected solar radiation to understand Earth’s energy balance. One CERES instrument was placed into orbit aboard the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) in 1997; two were aboard the Terra spacecraft, launched in 1999; and two were aboard the Aqua spacecraft, launched in 2002. These measurements are used together with data from higher-resolution instruments to generate a number of data products. The nominal footprint size of the pixel at Earth’s surface is 16 km in the cross-scan direction and 23 km in the scan direction for the TRMM platform and 36 km in the cross-scan direction and 46 km in the scan direction for the Terra and Aqua platforms. It is required that the location on Earth of each pixel be known to 1–2 km to use the CERES data with the higher-resolution instruments on a pixel basis. A technique has been developed to validate the computed geolocation of the measurements by use of coastlines. Scenes are chosen in which the reflected solar radiation changes abruptly from the land surface to the darker ocean surface and the Earth-emitted radiation changes from the warm land to the cool ocean, or vice versa, so that scenes can be detected both day and night. The computed coastline location is then compared with the World Bank II map. The method has been applied to data from the three spacecraft and shows that the pixel geolocations are accurate to within 10% of the pixel size and that the geolocation is adequate for current scientific investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 45062778; Smith, G. Louis 1,2; Email Address: george.l.smith@larc.nasa.gov Priestley, Kory J. 3 Hess, Phillip C. 4 Currey, Chris 3 Spence, Peter 5,6; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia  2: Corresponding author address: G. Louis Smith, Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: Space Systems Application, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  5: Science Applications International Corporation, Hampton, Virginia  6: * Current affiliation: Planning Systems, Inc., Long Beach, Mississippi.; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p2379; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milos, F. S.
AU  - Chen, Y.-K.
T1  - Two-Dimensional Ablation, Thermal Response, and Sizing Program for Pyrolyzing Ablators.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1089
EP  - 1099
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to describe and demonstrate new capabilities in the two-dimensional implicit thermal response and ablation program. These expanded capabilities include grid options for flight and arcjet geometries, a sizing algorithm for the flight-type geometry, and an orthotropic thermal conductivity model: Applications to analysis of an orthotropic low-density carbon-phenolic material in arcjet and flight environments relevant to the Orion crew module are presented. For the arcjet environment, multidimensional conduction effects strongly influence the in-depth thermal response. For a lunar return flight environment, in the shoulder region of the crew module (where the radius of curvature is smallest), the thermal response is influenced by multidimensional conduction and by the orientation of the orthotropic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ARC-jet rocket engines
KW  - ORTHOTROPY (Mechanics)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 47560122; Milos, F. S. 1,2,3 Chen, Y.-K. 1,2,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Aerospace Engineer, Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch, Mail Stop 234-1.  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1089; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ARC-jet rocket engines; Subject Term: ORTHOTROPY (Mechanics); Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.36575
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47560122&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palmer, Grant E.
AU  - Chun Tang
AU  - Pulsonetti, Maria
AU  - Wood, William A.
AU  - Alter, Steve
AU  - Gnoffo, Peter
T1  - Computational Assessment of Thermal Protection System Damage Experienced During STS-118.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1110
EP  - 1116
SN  - 00224650
AB  - In response to thermal protection system tile damage that occurred during the ascent portion of space shuttle mission STS-118, rapid turnaround computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed on the damage site during the mission. The purpose of the computational effort was to provide insight into the flow physics and determine heating augmentation bump factors in and around the damage site. Damage analysis teams at the NASA Ames and NASA Langley Research Centers used automated local cavity simulation procedures to generate 12 three-dimensional simulations in less than 18 h during the mission. The computational fluid dynamic results compared closely with the engineering results used as inputs to the vehicle thermal analysis models and supported the recommendation of the damage assessment team to fly the Orbiter back as is without requiring the astronauts to perform a damage site repair in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles)
KW  - SPACE shuttles -- Thermodynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 47560124; Palmer, Grant E. 1,2,3 Chun Tang 2,3,4 Pulsonetti, Maria 5,6,7 Wood, William A. 5,6,7 Alter, Steve 5,6,7 Gnoffo, Peter 5,6,8; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086  2: Senior Research Scientist, Reacting Flow Environments Branch, Mail Stop 230-2.  3: Associate Fellow AIAA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  6: Senior Research Scientist, Aerothermodynamics Branch, Mail Stop 408-A.  7: Senior Member AIAA  8: Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1110; Subject Term: THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles); Subject Term: SPACE shuttles -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40478
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47560124&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sengupta, Anita
AU  - Kelsch, Richard
AU  - Roeder, James
AU  - Wernet, Mark
AU  - Witkowski, Allen
AU  - Kandis, Mike
T1  - Supersonic Performance of Disk-Gap-Band Parachutes Constrained to a 0-Degree Trim Angle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1155
EP  - 1163
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Supersonic wind-tunnel tests of 0.813 m disk-gap-band parachutes were conducted in a 10 x 10 ft cross section of a closed-loop wind tunnel. Four-percent-scale parachutes were attached to a 4%-scale Mars Science Laboratory (Viking-type) entry vehicle to simulate the free-flight configuration. The parachutes were tested from Mach 2 to 2.5 over a Reynolds number Re range of 2 x 105 to 1.3 x 106, representative of the Mars flight deployment envelope. A constrained parachute configuration was investigated to quantify the effect of parachute trim angle with respect to alignment with the entry-vehicle wake. In the constrained configuration, the parachutes were supported at the vent, using a rod that restricted parachute translation along a single axis. This was investigated for fixed trim angles of 0 and 10 degrees from the velocity vector. In the unconstrained configuration, the parachute was permitted to translate as well as trim and cone, in a manner similar to free flight. Nonintrusive test diagnostics were selected. An in-line load cell provided measurement of unsteady and mean parachute normal force. High-speed shadowgraph video of the upstream parachute flowfield was used to capture bow-shock motion and standoff distance. Stereo particle image velocimetry of the flowfield upstream of the parachute provided spatially resolved measurements of all three velocity components. Multiple high-speed-video views were used to document the supersonic inflation, parachute trim angle, projected area, and frequency of area oscillations. In addition, reflective targets placed in the interior of the canopy enabled photogrammetric reconstruction of the canopy-fabric motion (in both time and space) from the high-speedvideo data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - PARACHUTES -- Aerodynamics
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - FREE flight (Air traffic control)
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
N1  - Accession Number: 47560129; Sengupta, Anita 1,2,3 Kelsch, Richard 4,5 Roeder, James 4,6 Wernet, Mark 4,7,8 Witkowski, Allen 9,10,11 Kandis, Mike 9,11,12; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  2: Senior Engineer, Entry, Descent and Landing, Advanced Technologies, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Mail Stop T1723-118.  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  5: Aerospace Engineer, Applied Structural Mechanics Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road.  6: Mechanical Facility Engineer, Aeropower and Propulsion Test Engineering Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road.  7: Senior Research Engineer, Optical Instrumentation, 21000 Brookpark Road.  8: Associate Fellow AIAA.  9: Pioneer Aerospace Corporation, South Windsor, Connecticut 06074  10: Director Engineering Operations, 45 South Satellite Road.  11: Member AIAA  12: Lead Engineering Analyst, 45 South Satellite Road.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1155; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: PARACHUTES -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: FREE flight (Air traffic control); Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 14 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41223
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47560129&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bilimoria, Karl D.
T1  - Effects of Control Power and Guidance Cues on Lunar Lander Handling Qualities.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1261
EP  - 1271
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A piloted simulation was conducted to study handling qualities for a precision lunar landing task from final approach to touchdown. The experiment variables were control power and guidance cues. A dynamics and control model was derived from Apollo Lunar Module data, and new feedback guidance laws were designed to help the pilot follow a reference trajectory. The experiment was conducted on the large motion base Vertical Motion Simulator at the NASA Ames Research Center. Six pilot astronauts served as evaluation pilots, providing Cooper-Harper ratings, Task Load Index ratings, and qualitative comments. The piloting task was to fly a final approach profile from 500 ft altitude located 1350 ft up range of the designated landing site with a 250 ft lateral offset, and touch down with a position accuracy of 15 ft. Following guidance cues presented on cockpit displays, the pilots were able to accomplish this task for control powers ranging from 100 to 15% of the nominal (Apollo) value. The handling qualities were satisfactory (Level 1) at nominal control power, and degraded nonlinearly as control power decreased. Without guidance cues, in the limited time available for this experiment, the evaluation pilots were unable to develop a flying technique for the precision landing task with lateral offset approach. This highlights the need for guidance cues in future lunar operations that may require precision landing capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MOON
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AMES Research Center
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47560139; Bilimoria, Karl D. 1,2; Email Address: Karl.Bilimoria@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Flight Trajectory Dynamics and Controls Branch, Mail Stop 210-10, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1261; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: AMES Research Center Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40187
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47560139&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, Eric
AU  - Bilimoria, Karl D.
AU  - Frost, Chad
T1  - Dynamic Coupling and Control Response Effects on Spacecraft Handling Qualities During Docking.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2009/11//Nov/Dec2009
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1288
EP  - 1297
SN  - 00224650
AB  - NASA is developing a new generation of spacecraft to replace the Space Shuttle and return astronauts to the moon. These spacecraft will have a manual control capability for several mission tasks, and the ease and precision with which pilots can execute these tasks will have an important effect on mission risk and training costs. A simulation evaluated the handling qualifies of a generic space vehicle based on dynamics similar to one of these spacecraft, NASA's Crew Exploration Vehicle, during the last segment of the docking task with a space station. This handling qualities evaluation looked at four different translational control systems, called response types, that map pilot inputs to thruster firings in a way that gives predictable and useful vehicle responses. These response types were flown with three levels of translation-into-rotation dynamic coupling arising from a longitudinal offset between the reaction control system thrusters and the vehicle's center of mass. The results indicate that greater translation-into-rotation coupling is strongly correlated with degraded handling qualities, but that different response types do not have a major effect on pilot workload, final docking performance, or handling qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Docking
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47560141; Mueller, Eric 1,2; Email Address: eric.mueller@nasa.gov Bilimoria, Karl D. 3,4; Email Address: karl.bilimoria@nasa.gov Frost, Chad 4,5; Email Address: chad.r.frost@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Flight Trajectory Dynamics and Controls Branch, Mail Stop 210-10, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Research Scientist, Flight Trajectory Dynamics and Controls Branch, Mail Stop 210-10, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Associate Fellow AIAA  5: Deputy, Autonomous Systems and Robotics, Intelligent Systems Division, Mail Stop 269-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Nov/Dec2009, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1288; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Docking; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41924
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47560141&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Makeev, Maxim A.
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
T1  - Thermal properties of char obtained by pyrolysis: A molecular dynamics simulation study.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/11/02/
VL  - 95
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 181908
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The thermal conductivity of pyrolytic char obtained by ultrahigh temperature decomposition of polyethylene specimen via molecular dynamics simulations is investigated as a function of temperature and microstructural characteristics. We find that the simulated thermal conductivity dependence on the average coordination number is modified by formation of graphene-like microtopological features in carbonaceous char. The dependence of thermal conductivity on temperature and average coordination number is explained in terms of an analytical model, based on the Einstein’s theory of heat transport. The deviations due to the formation of graphene sheet-like units are taken into consideration by introducing corresponding corrections in the elastic properties of char. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - CHAR
KW  - POLYETHYLENE
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - HEAT transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 45036546; Makeev, Maxim A. 1 Srivastava, Deepak 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: 11/2/2009, Vol. 95 Issue 18, p181908; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: CHAR; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3249632
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45036546&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Yang, Feihua
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew R.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Refinement of rooting depths using satellite-based evapotranspiration seasonality for ecosystem modeling in California
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2009/11/03/
VL  - 149
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1907
EP  - 1918
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: Accurate determination of rooting depths in terrestrial biosphere models is important for simulating terrestrial water and carbon cycles. In this study, we developed a method for optimizing rooting depth using satellite-based evapotranspiration (ET) seasonality and an ecosystem model by minimizing the differences between satellite-based and simulated ET. We then analyzed the impacts of rooting depth optimization on the simulated ET and gross primary production (GPP) seasonality in California, USA. First, we conducted a point-based evaluation of the methods against flux observations in California and tested the sensitivities of the simulated ET seasonality to the rooting depth settings. We then extended it spatially by estimating spatial patterns of rooting depth and analyzing the sensitivities of the simulated ET and GPP seasonalities to the rooting depth settings. We found large differences in the optimized and soil survey (STATSGO)-based rooting depths over the northern forest regions. In these regions, the deep rooting depths (>3m) estimated in the study successfully reproduced the satellite-based ET seasonality, which peaks in summer, whereas the STATSGO-based rooting depth (<1.5m) failed to sustain a high ET in summer. The rooting depth refinement also has large effects on simulated GPP; the annual GPP in these regions is increased by 50–100% due to sufficient soil water during the summer. In the grassy and shrubby regions of central and southern California, the estimated rooting depths are similar to those of STATSGO, probably due to the shallow rooting depth in these ecosystems. Our analysis suggests that setting a rooting depth is important for terrestrial ecosystem modeling and that satellite-based data could help both to estimate the spatial variability of rooting depths and to improve water and carbon cycle modeling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROOTS (Botany)
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in biology
KW  - ECOLOGY -- Mathematical models
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - SEASONS
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Regional modeling
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Rooting depth
KW  - Terrestrial ecosystem modeling
KW  - Water cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 44173109; Ichii, Kazuhito 1,2; Email Address: kazuhito.ichii@gmail.com Wang, Weile 2,3 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2,3 Yang, Feihua 4 Votava, Petr 2,3 Michaelis, Andrew R. 2,3 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: University Corporation at Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA  4: Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 149 Issue 11, p1907; Subject Term: ROOTS (Botany); Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in biology; Subject Term: ECOLOGY -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: SEASONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rooting depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial ecosystem modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water cycle; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.06.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44173109&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhibin Yu
AU  - Wei Yuan
AU  - Brochu, Paul
AU  - Bin Chen
AU  - Zhitian Liu
AU  - Qibing Pei
T1  - Large-strain, rigid-to-rigid deformation of bistable electroactive polymers.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2009/11/09/
VL  - 95
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 192904
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Thermoplastic poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PTBA) is reported as an electroactive polymer that is rigid at ambient conditions and turns into a dielectric elastomer above a transition temperature. In the rubbery state, a PTBA thin film can be electrically actuated to strains up to 335% in area expansion. The calculated actuation pressure is 3.2 MPa. The actuation is made bistable by cooling to below glass transition temperature. The PTBA represents the bistable electroactive polymer (BSEP) that can be actuated to various largely strained, rigid shapes. The application of the BSEP for refreshable Braille display, an active tactile display, is also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOPLASTICS
KW  - ACRYLATES
KW  - CONDUCTING polymers
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
KW  - ELASTOMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 45249177; Zhibin Yu 1 Wei Yuan 1 Brochu, Paul 1 Bin Chen 2 Zhitian Liu 1 Qibing Pei 1; Email Address: qpei@seas.ucla.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science and California Nanosystems Institute, University of California-Los Angeles, California 90095-1595, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/9/2009, Vol. 95 Issue 19, p192904; Subject Term: THERMOPLASTICS; Subject Term: ACRYLATES; Subject Term: CONDUCTING polymers; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3263729
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45249177&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sankrit, Ravi
AU  - Williams, Brian J.
AU  - Borkowski, Kazimierz J.
AU  - Raymond, John C.
AU  - Gaetz, Terrance J.
AU  - Blair, William P.
AU  - Ghavamian, Parviz
AU  - Long, Knox S.
AU  - Reynolds, Stephen P.
T1  - Dust Destruction in a Nonradiative Shock in the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/11/11/
VL  - 1183
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present 24 μm and 70 μm images of a non-radiative shock in the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, obtained with the Multiband Imaging Photometer on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The observed emission is from dust grains heated in the post-shock region. The 70 μm to 24 μm flux ratio depends on the dust heating and the dust destruction rates, and thereby it is a sensitive tracer of the gas density and temperature in the shocked plasma. We model the dust emission and grain destruction in the post-shock flow, and find that the observed 70 μm to 24 μm flux ratios are produced for post-shock densities, nH∼2.0 cm-3 and electron temperatures of about 0.20 keV. We find that about 35% of the dust has been destroyed in the shock, and that non-thermal sputtering (i.e. sputtering due to bulk motion of the grains relative to the gas) contributes significantly to the dust destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - SPUTTERING (Physics)
KW  - Dust
KW  - Shocks
KW  - Supernova Remnants
N1  - Accession Number: 45127175; Sankrit, Ravi 1 Williams, Brian J. 2 Borkowski, Kazimierz J. 2 Raymond, John C. 3 Gaetz, Terrance J. 3 Blair, William P. 4 Ghavamian, Parviz Long, Knox S. Reynolds, Stephen P. 2; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94041.  2: North Carolina State University.  3: Smithsonian Astronomical Observatory.  4: Johns Hopkins University.; Source Info: 11/11/2009, Vol. 1183 Issue 1, p95; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: SPUTTERING (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supernova Remnants; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3266789
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Partha P.  Bera
AU  - Joseph S.  Francisco
AU  - Timothy J.  Lee
T1  - Identifying the Molecular Origin of Global Warming†.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2009/11/12/
VL  - 113
IS  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 12694
EP  - 12699
SN  - 10895639
AB  - We have investigated the physical characteristics of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to assess which properties are most important in determining the efficiency of a GHG. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), nitrogen fluorides, and various other known atmospheric trace molecules have been included in this study. Compounds containing the halogens F or Cl have in common very polar X−F or X−Cl bonds, particularly the X−F bonds. It is shown that as more F atoms bond to the same central atom the bond dipoles become larger as a result of the central atom becoming more positive. This leads to a linear increase in the total or integrated X−F bond dipole derivatives for the molecule, which leads to a nonlinear (quadratic) increase in infrared (IR) intensity. Moreover, virtually all of the X−F bond stretches occur in the atmospheric IR window as opposed to X−H stretches, which do not occur in the atmospheric window. It is concluded that molecules possessing several F atoms will always have a large radiative forcing parameter in the calculation of their global warming potential. Some of the implications for global warming and climate change are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - HYDROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - TRACE elements
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - NITROGEN compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 45081549; Partha P.  Bera 1 Joseph S.  Francisco 1 Timothy J.  Lee 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, and Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1393; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 113 Issue 45, p12694; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: TRACE elements; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: NITROGEN compounds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Takmeng Wong
T1  - Cloud and Radiative Characteristics of Tropical Deep Convective Systems in Extended Cloud Objects from CERES Observations.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/11/15/
VL  - 22
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 5983
EP  - 6000
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The physical and radiative properties of tropical deep convective systems for the period from January to August 1998 are examined with the use of Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System Single-Scanner Footprint (SSF) data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. Deep convective (DC) cloud objects are contiguous regions of satellite footprints that fulfill the DC criteria (i.e., overcast footprints with cloud optical depths >10 and cloud-top heights >10 km). Extended cloud objects (ECOs) start with the original cloud object but include all other cloudy footprints within a rectangular box that completely covers the original cloud object. Most of the non-DC footprints are overcast but have optical depths and/or cloud-top heights that are too low to fit the DC criteria. The histograms of cloud physical and radiative properties are analyzed according to the size of the ECO and the SST of the underlying ocean. Larger ECOs are associated with greater magnitudes of large-scale upward motion, which supports stronger convection for larger sizes of ECOs. This leads to shifts toward higher values in the DC distributions of cloud-top height, albedo, condensate water path, and cloud optical depth. However, non-DC footprints become less reflective with increasing ECO size, as the longer-lived large convective systems have more time to develop thin cirrus anvils. The proportion of DC footprints remains fairly constant with size. The proportion of DC footprints also remains nearly constant with SST within a given size class, although the number of footprints per object increases with SST for large objects. As SSTs increase, there is a decrease in the proportion of updraft water that goes into detrainment, causing the non-DC distributions of albedo, condensate water path, and cloud optical depth to shift toward lower values. The all-cloud distributions of cloud-top temperature and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) shift toward lower values as SST increases owing to the increase in convective instability with SST. Both the DC and non-DC distributions of cloud-top temperature do not change much with satellite precession cycle, supporting the fixed anvil temperature hypothesis of Hartmann and Larson. When a joint histogram is formed from the cloud-top pressures and cloud optical depths of the ECOs, it is very similar to the corresponding histogram of the deep convective weather state obtained by cluster analysis of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - CIRCULATION models
KW  - ANVILS
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - WEATHER
N1  - Accession Number: 45162705; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1; Email Address: zachary.a.eitzen@nasa.gov Kuan-Man Xu 2 Takmeng Wong 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Nov2009, Vol. 22 Issue 22, p5983; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: CIRCULATION models; Subject Term: ANVILS; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: WEATHER; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332113 Forging; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JCLI3038.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45162705&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Rob R.
AU  - Abell, Paul A.
AU  - Korsmeyer, David J.
AU  - Jones, Thomas D.
AU  - Adamo, Daniel R.
T1  - Piloted operations at a near-Earth object (NEO)
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 65
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1689
EP  - 1697
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: In late 2006, NASA''s Constellation Program sponsored a study to examine the feasibility of sending a piloted Orion spacecraft to a near-Earth object. NEOs are asteroids or comets that have perihelion distances less than or equal to 1.3 astronomical units, and can have orbits that cross that of the Earth. Therefore, the most suitable targets for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) are those NEOs in heliocentric orbits similar to Earth''s (i.e. low inclination and low eccentricity). One of the significant advantages of this type of mission is that it strengthens and validates the foundational infrastructure of the United States Space Exploration Policy and is highly complementary to NASA''s planned lunar sortie and outpost missions circa 2020. A human expedition to a NEO would not only underline the broad utility of the Orion CEV and Ares launch systems, but would also be the first human expedition to an interplanetary body beyond the Earth–Moon system. These deep space operations will present unique challenges not present in lunar missions for the onboard crew, spacecraft systems, and mission control team. Executing several piloted NEO missions will enable NASA to gain crucial deep space operational experience, which will be necessary prerequisites for the eventual human missions to Mars. Our NEO team will present and discuss the following: [•] new mission trajectories and concepts; [•] operational command and control considerations; [•] expected science, operational, resource utilization, and impact mitigation returns; and [•] continued exploration momentum and future Mars exploration benefits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR-Earth objects
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Constellation program
KW  - Deep space
KW  - Human spaceflight
KW  - NASA
KW  - Near-Earth asteroid
KW  - NEO
KW  - Orion spacecraft
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 44581399; Landis, Rob R. 1; Email Address: rob.r.landis@nasa.gov Abell, Paul A. 2; Email Address: paul.a.abell@nasa.gov Korsmeyer, David J. 1; Email Address: david.j.korsmeyer@nasa.gov Jones, Thomas D. 3; Email Address: skywalking@comcast.net Adamo, Daniel R. 4; Email Address: adamod@earthlink.net; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Code TI, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, Code KR, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Association of Space Explorers, 1150 Gemini Avenue, Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: 4203 Moonlight Shadow Court, Houston, TX 77059, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 65 Issue 11/12, p1689; Subject Term: NEAR-Earth objects; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics); Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constellation program; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-Earth asteroid; Author-Supplied Keyword: NEO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orion spacecraft; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.04.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huebner, Lawrence D.
AU  - Smith, R. Marshall
AU  - Campbell, John R.
AU  - Taylor, Terry L.
T1  - Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle similitude to the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 65
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1706
EP  - 1716
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle is the first in a series of flight test vehicles that will take the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle design from development to operational capability. Ares I–X is scheduled for a 2009 flight date, early enough in the Ares I design and development process so that data obtained from the flight can impact the design of Ares I before its Critical Design Review. Decisions on Ares I–X scope, flight test objectives, and FTV fidelity were made prior to the Ares I systems requirements being baselined. This was necessary in order to achieve a development flight test to impact the Ares I design. Differences between the Ares I–X and the Ares I configurations are artifacts of formulating this experimental project at an early stage and the natural maturation of the Ares I design process. This paper describes the similarities and differences between the Ares I–X Flight Test Vehicle and the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle. Areas of comparison include the outer mold line geometry, aerosciences, trajectory, structural modes, flight control architecture, separation sequence, and relevant element differences. Most of the outer mold line differences present between Ares I and Ares I–X are minor and will not have a significant effect on overall vehicle performance. The most significant impacts are related to the geometric differences in Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle at the forward end of the stack. These physical differences will cause differences in the flow physics in these areas. Even with these differences, the Ares I–X flight test is poised to meet all five primary objectives and six secondary objectives. Knowledge of what the Ares I–X flight test will provide in similitude to Ares I—as well as what the test will not provide—is important in the continued execution of the Ares I–X mission leading to its flight and the continued design and development of Ares I. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - ENGINEERING models
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Launch vehicle development
KW  - Similitude
N1  - Accession Number: 44581401; Huebner, Lawrence D. 1; Email Address: Lawrence.D.Huebner@nasa.gov Smith, R. Marshall 1; Email Address: Marshall.Smith@nasa.gov Campbell, John R. 2; Email Address: Ricky.Campbell@nasa.gov Taylor, Terry L. 2; Email Address: Terry.L.Taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 65 Issue 11/12, p1706; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: ENGINEERING models; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Launch vehicle development; Author-Supplied Keyword: Similitude; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.04.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, T.L.
AU  - Blome, H.-J.
T1  - The Pioneer anomaly and a rotating Gödel universe
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 44
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1345
EP  - 1353
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Based upon a simple cosmological model with no expansion, we find that the rotational terms appearing in the Gödel universe are too small to explain the Pioneer anomaly. Following a brief summary of the anomaly, cosmological effects on the dynamics of local systems are addressed – including a derivation of the equations of motion for an accelerated Pioneer-type observer in a rotating universe. The rotation or vorticity present in such a cosmological model is then subjected to astrophysical limits set by observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation. Although it contributes, universal rotation is not the cause of the Pioneer effect. In view of the related fly-by anomalies, frame-dragging is also discussed. The virial theorem is used to demonstrate the non-conservation of energy during transfers from bound to hyperbolic trajectories. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SUN
KW  - INTERPLANETARY magnetic fields
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - VIRIAL theorem
KW  - COSMIC background radiation
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - Cosmic expansion and interplanetary spaceflight
KW  - Cosmology and local physics
KW  - Frame-dragging
KW  - Virial theorem
N1  - Accession Number: 44830711; Wilson, T.L. 1; Email Address: thomas.l.wilson@nasa.gov Blome, H.-J. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: University of Applied Sciences, Hohenstaufenallee 6, 52064 Aachen, Germany; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 44 Issue 11, p1345; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY magnetic fields; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: VIRIAL theorem; Subject Term: COSMIC background radiation; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic expansion and interplanetary spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmology and local physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frame-dragging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virial theorem; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.07.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44830711&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alperin, Marc J.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
T1  - ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION BY ARCHAEA/SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA AGGREGATES: 1. THERMODYNAMIC AND PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS.
JO  - American Journal of Science
JF  - American Journal of Science
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 309
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 869
EP  - 957
SN  - 00029599
AB  - Aggregates of archaea and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) recently discovered in methane-seep sediments are widely assumed to engage in anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO), but the reaction mechanism remains poorly understood. We used a spherical diffusion-reaction model that incorporates thennodynamic controls, realistic aggregate morphology, and essential elements of cell structure to quantify maximum reaction rates and energy yields for competing mechanisms, to determine how cellular energy yields are affected by aggregate size and morphology, and to investigate the impact of organic-matter remineralization on archaea and SRB in the aggregate. The model provides the following insights: (a) syntrophic AMO is thennodynamically and physically possible for a variety of intermediate compounds (including H2, fonnate, and acetate); (b) the energy yield for synirophic AMO is low but compatible with the maintenance needs of non- or slowly-growing cells; (c) archaea and SRB engaged in syntrophic AMO face a substantial energetic cost for aggregating (d) direct contact between archaea and SRB provides only a modest energetic advantage compared to a loose association; and (e) sulfidogenic-methanogenic aggregates that take advantage of fermentation products released during organic-matter decay have a substantial energetic advantage over aggregates that rely exclusively on syntrophic AMO. Moreover, the model calls attention to a discrepancy between the observed sulfate-reduction rate at a well-characterized methane- seep site and the theoretical upper-limit rate of syntrophic AMO by a mechanism involving interspecies transfer of H2, formate, acetate, or other chemical intennediates. An analysis of possible errors, ambiguities, and artifacts in modeling and experimental techniques leads us to a surprising conclusion: that archaea/SRB aggregates in methane-seep sediments may be methanogenic rather than methanotrophic. In contrast, AMO in non-seep (diffusion-dominated) sediments is best explained by a consortium involving methano- genic archaea (that oxidize methane and release H2) and hydrogenotrophic SRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Science is the property of Kline Geology Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - ARCHAEBACTERIA
KW  - SULFATE-reducing bacteria
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - DIFFUSION
N1  - Accession Number: 48404459; Alperin, Marc J. 1; Email Address: alperin@email.unc.edu Hoehler, Tori M. 2; Email Address: tori.m.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Marine Sciences Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3300, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 309 Issue 10, p869; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: ARCHAEBACTERIA; Subject Term: SULFATE-reducing bacteria; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 89p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2475/10.2009.01
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alperin, Marc J.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
T1  - ANAEROBIC METHANE OXIDATION BY ARCHAEA/SULFATE-REDUCING BACTERIA AGGREGATES: 2. ISOTOPIC CONSTRAINTS.
JO  - American Journal of Science
JF  - American Journal of Science
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 309
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 958
EP  - 984
SN  - 00029599
AB  - Recent studies employing novel analytical tools provide detailed, microscopic portraits of archaea/sulfate-reducing bacteria aggregates in sediments from methane seep and vent sites. One of the most striking features of these aggregates is that lipid and cell carbon are highly depleted in 13C (δ13C < -60%0). Biogemc methane, with δ13C values of -50 to -110 permil, is a logical candidate for carbon source of these aggregates. Accordingly, it is widely assumed that the archaea oxidize and assimilate methane, and that methane-derived carbon is transferred to the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) symbionts as CO2 or as a partially oxidized intermediate. However, methane is not the only possible source of 13C-depleted carbon in archaea/SRB aggregates. ΣCO2 in sediments at seep and vent sites tends to be isotopically "light" due to decomposition of organic matter derived from chemoautotrophic organisms. In addition, CO2 is depleted in 13C by ∼10 permil compared to ΣCO2 owing to the equilibrium isotope effect. Assimilation of this "light" CO2 by methanogemc archaea and autotrophic SRB, combined with enzymatic isotope effects, could also yield lipid and biomass that are highly depleted in 13C. We derive general equations based on isotope mass-balance and calibrated with laboratory and field data to predict the isotopic composition of archaeal cell carbon and lipids derived from autotrophic methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation. The calculations show that observed δ13C values for archaeal biomass and lipids at methane seep and vent sites are readily accounted for by isotope fractionation during methane production from CO2, and that biomass produced during anaerobic methane oxidation is only slightly depleted in 13C relative to methane unless the enzymatic isotope effect associated with the anabolic arm of the assimilation-dissimilation branch point is considerably larger than the isotope effect associated with the catabolic ann. We also apply an isotope diffusion-reaction model to demonstrate that micro-gradients in δ13C-CO2 cannot be maintained within archaea/SRB aggregates. However, 13C-depleted carbon in SRB members of the aggregate is readily explained by autotrophic sulfate-reduction with bulk porewater CO2 as carbon source. These results illustrate that 13C-depleted biomass and lipids observed in sediments from methane seep and vent sites may be derived from CO2-reducing archaea and autotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria. The inference of anaerobic methanotrophy based on 13C depletion in archaeal and sulfate-reducing bacterial cell carbon and/or lipids should be considered tentative unless corroborated by independent, concordant evidence of net methane consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Science is the property of Kline Geology Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - ARCHAEBACTERIA
KW  - SULFATE-reducing bacteria
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - CARBON
KW  - LIPIDS
N1  - Accession Number: 48404460; Alperin, Marc J. 1; Email Address: alperin@email.unc.edu Hoehler, Tori M. 2; Email Address: tori.rn.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Marine Sciences Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3300, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 309 Issue 10, p958; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: ARCHAEBACTERIA; Subject Term: SULFATE-reducing bacteria; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: LIPIDS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2475/10.2009.02
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilbert, Andrea M.
AU  - Vacca, William D.
T1  - The formation and evolution of massive stellar clusters in IC4662.
JO  - Astrophysics & Space Science
JF  - Astrophysics & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 324
IS  - 2-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 154
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0004640X
AB  - We present a multiwavelength study of the formation of massive stellar clusters, their emergence from cocoons of gas and dust, and their feedback on surrounding matter. Using data that span from radio to optical wavelengths, including Spitzer and Hubble Space Telescope ACS observations, we examine the population of young star clusters in the central starburst region of the irregular Wolf–Rayet galaxy IC4662. We model the radio-to-infrared (IR) spectral energy distributions of embedded clusters to determine the properties of their H ii regions and dust cocoons (sizes, masses, densities, temperatures), and use near-IR and optical data with mid-IR spectroscopy to constrain the properties of the embedded clusters themselves (mass, age, extinction, excitation, abundance). The two massive star-formation regions in IC4662 are excited by stellar populations with ages of ∼4 Myr and masses of ∼3×105 M⊙ (assuming a Kroupa initial mass function). They have high excitation and subsolar abundances, and they may actually be comprised of several massive clusters rather than the single monolithic massive compact objects known as ‘super star clusters’ (SSCs). Mid-IR spectra reveal that these clusters have very high extinction values, A V∼20–25 mag, and that the dust in IC4662 is well mixed with the emitting gas, not in a foreground screen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysics & Space Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - HST
KW  - IC4662
KW  - Spitzer
KW  - Super star clusters
KW  - Ultradense H ii Regions
KW  - Ultradense HII Regions
KW  - Wolf–Rayet galaxies
KW  - Wolf-Rayet galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 45362887; Gilbert, Andrea M. 1,2; Email Address: andrea.m.gilbert@aero.org Vacca, William D. 3; Email Address: wvacca@sofia.usra.edu; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA.  2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA.  3: USRA-SOFIA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 324 Issue 2-4, p147; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: HST; Author-Supplied Keyword: IC4662; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spitzer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Super star clusters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultradense H ii Regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultradense HII Regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wolf–Rayet galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wolf-Rayet galaxies; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10509-009-0120-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HURRELL, JAMES
AU  - MEEHL, GERALD A.
AU  - BADER, DAVID
AU  - DELWORTH, THOMAS L.
AU  - KIRTMAN, BEN
AU  - WIELICKI, BRUCE
T1  - A UNIFIED MODLING APPROACH TO CLIMATE SYSTEM PREDICTION.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 90
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1819
EP  - 1832
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article offers information on unified modeling approach to climate systems. It informs that Intergovernment Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) class should be combined with climate models for predictions on time scales. It informs that after modifying the changing account of radiative forcing, use Numerical Weather Predictions (NWP) class models for seasons to decades prediction. It states that these approaches are aimed at clearing the distinction between climate and weather.
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - CLIMATIC classification
KW  - FORECASTING
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change
N1  - Accession Number: 47776134; HURRELL, JAMES 1; Email Address: jhurrell@ucar.eitu MEEHL, GERALD A. 1 BADER, DAVID 2 DELWORTH, THOMAS L. 3 KIRTMAN, BEN 4,5 WIELICKI, BRUCE 6; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado.  2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California.  3: NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey.  4: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.  5: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland.  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 90 Issue 12, p1819; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: CLIMATIC classification; Subject Term: FORECASTING; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Company/Entity: INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009BAMS2752.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asthana, R.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Evaluation of Pd-based brazes to join silicon nitride to copper-clad-molybdenum
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 35
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3511
EP  - 3515
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Abstract: Si3N4 (SN-281)/Cu-clad-Mo joints, brazed using a soft (YS: 341MPa) and ductile (43% elongation) Pd–Co braze were sound and exhibited an interaction zone comprised of Pd66Mo14Cu10Co6Si3 and Pd74Mo11Co8Cu6Si. Similar joints made using a less ductile and stronger Pd–Ni braze led to cracking from large CTE mismatch-induced strain energy (∼64mJ to 348mJ). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PALLADIUM
KW  - BRAZED joints
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - MOLYBDENUM
KW  - DUCTILITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - Cu-clad-Mo
KW  - Energy dispersive spectroscopy
KW  - Knoop microhardness
KW  - Pd–Co braze
KW  - Pd–Ni braze
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy
KW  - Silicon nitride
N1  - Accession Number: 44418364; Asthana, R. 1; Email Address: asthanar@uwstout.edu Singh, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering & Technology, 326 Fryklund Hall, University of Wisconsin-Stout, P.O. Box 790, Menomonie, WI 54751, United States  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 35 Issue 8, p3511; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: BRAZED joints; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: MOLYBDENUM; Subject Term: DUCTILITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cu-clad-Mo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy dispersive spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knoop microhardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pd–Co braze; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pd–Ni braze; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitride; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.05.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swanson, R.C.
AU  - Rumsey, C.L.
T1  - Computation of circulation control airfoil flows
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 38
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1925
EP  - 1942
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: The compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved for circulation control (CC) airfoil flows. Three turbulence models are considered for closure, including the Spalart–Allmaras model with and without a curvature correction and the shear stress transport model of Menter. Numerical solutions are computed with a structured grid solver. The effect of mesh density on the solutions is examined. We also address two important issues that have emerged in simulations of CC airfoil flows. One is the validity of incompressible simulations with the presence of a transonic wall jet. The other issue concerns the occurrence of nonphysical solutions for CC airfoil flows. In the present work we consider circulation control flows for a range of jet momentum coefficients. Comparisons are made between computed and experimental pressure distributions, velocity profiles, Reynolds stress profiles, and streamline patterns. Including curvature effects yields the closest agreement with the measured data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 44009475; Swanson, R.C.; Email Address: r.c.swanson10@gmail.com Rumsey, C.L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Computational AeroSciences Branch, 15 Langley Blvd., Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 38 Issue 10, p1925; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2009.05.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BRADY, A. L.
AU  - SLATER, G.
AU  - LAVAL, B.
AU  - LIM, D. S.
T1  - Constraining carbon sources and growth rates of freshwater microbialites in Pavilion Lake using 14C analysis.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 544
EP  - 555
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - This study determined the natural abundance isotopic compositions (13C, 14C) of the primary carbon pools and microbial communities associated with modern freshwater microbialites located in Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, Canada. The Δ14C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was constant throughout the water column and consistent with a primarily atmospheric source. Observed depletions in DIC 14C values compared with atmospheric CO2 indicated effects due either to DIC residence time and/or inputs of 14C-depleted groundwater. Mass balance comparisons of local and regional groundwater indicate that groundwater DIC could contribute a maximum of 9–13% of the DIC. 14C analysis of microbial phospholipid fatty acids from microbialite communities had Δ14C values comparable with lake water DIC, demonstrating that lake water DIC was their primary carbon source. Microbialite carbonate was also primarily derived from DIC. However, some depletion in microbialite carbonate 14C relative to lake water DIC occurred, due either to residence time or mixing with a 14C-depleted carbon source. A detrital branch covered with microbialite growth was used to estimate a microbialite growth rate of 0.05 mm year−1 for the past 1000 years, faster than previous estimates for this system. These results demonstrate that the microbialites are actively growing and that the primary carbon source for both microbial communities and recent carbonate is DIC originating from the atmosphere. While these data cannot conclusively differentiate between abiotic and biotic formation mechanisms, the evidence for minor inputs of groundwater-derived DIC is consistent with the previously hypothesized biological origin of the Pavilion Lake microbialites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - BRITISH Columbia
N1  - Accession Number: 45064513; BRADY, A. L. 1 SLATER, G. 1; Email Address: gslater@mcmaster.ca LAVAL, B. 2 LIM, D. S. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada  2: Faculty of Applied Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada  3: NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p544; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: BRITISH Columbia; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2009.00215.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chow, Derek
AU  - Wei Cheng
AU  - Huixiong Dai
AU  - Wagner, Shawn R.
AU  - Luzzi, Scott D.
AU  - Landi, Brian J.
AU  - Liling He
AU  - Illingsworth, Marvin L.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
T1  - Pendent Polyimides using Mellitic Acid Dianhydride. IV. Effect of Increased Zirconium-Pendent Group Content on Polymer Properties.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 21
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 744
EP  - 764
SN  - 09540083
AB  - For co-polyimides (PIs) of mellitic acid dianhydride, 1,3-aminophenoxybenzene and 4,4′- oxydiphthalic anhydride, Zr-pendent group content could be increased to 50% (mol) improving atomic oxygen (AO) resistance while retaining good film properties. Spectral data are consistent with expected structures. Intrinsic viscosities of 0.54-0.60 dL g-1 and average molecular weights of 111 000-122 000 gmol-1 estimated from gel permeation chromatography confirm the polymeric nature of co-polyamic acid precursors. Nuclear magnetic resonance integrations and amounts of thermogravimetric analysis residue verify pendent group concentrations. Increasing Zr-pendent group concentration from 10 to 50% (mol) caused glass transition temperatures to increase (198-245 °C), decomposition temperatures to decrease (518-455 °C), and the number of film layers able to be fabricated prior to crack formation to decrease (10 to 8). These numbers of layers were much higher than those for other PIs with comparable Zr-pendent group concentrations. Increased pendent group concentration caused the amount of protective oxide layer formed upon AO exposure to increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - POLYMERS -- Analysis
KW  - HYDRIDES
KW  - ZIRCONIUM -- Spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - atomic oxygen
KW  - films
KW  - Functionalization of polymers
KW  - polyimide
KW  - zirconium
N1  - Accession Number: 47596280; Chow, Derek 1 Wei Cheng 1 Huixiong Dai 1 Wagner, Shawn R. 1 Luzzi, Scott D. 1 Landi, Brian J. 1 Liling He 1 Illingsworth, Marvin L. 1; Email Address: mlisch@rit.edu Siochi, Emilie J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, 14623-5603, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 21 Issue 6, p744; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Analysis; Subject Term: HYDRIDES; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM -- Spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: atomic oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: films; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functionalization of polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: zirconium; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0954008308097490
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chung-Sheng Yao
AU  - Lin, John C.
AU  - Allan, Brian G.
T1  - Flow-Field Measurement of Embedded Streamwise Vortex Generated from Passive Flow-Control Devices.
JO  - International Journal of Flow Control
JF  - International Journal of Flow Control
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 270
SN  - 17568250
AB  - Detailed flow-field measurements were performed downstream of a single vortex generator (VG) using a Stereo Digital Particle Image Velocimetry system. The passive flow-control devices examined consisted of a low-profile VG with a device height, h, approximately equal to 20 percent of the boundary-layer thickness, δ, and a conventional VG with h ≈ δ. Flow-field data were taken at twelve cross-flow planes downstream of the VG to document and quantify the evolution of embedded streamwise vortex. Key parameters including vorticity, circulation, trajectory, and half-life radius—describing concentration, strength, path, and size, respectively—of the device-induced streamwise vortex were extracted from the flow-field data. Peak vorticity and circulation for the low-profile VG decayed exponentially to the distance downstream from the device. The device-height normalized vortex trajectories for the low-profile VG, especially in the lateral direction, followed the general trends of the conventional VG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Flow Control is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLOW control (Data transmission systems)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - VORTEX generators
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - FLOW meters
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - CIRCULATION models
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - DATA flow computing
N1  - Accession Number: 48881859; Chung-Sheng Yao 1; Email Address: c.s.yao@nasa.gov Lin, John C. 1 Allan, Brian G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Flow Physics and Control Branch, Mail Stop 170, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p255; Subject Term: FLOW control (Data transmission systems); Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: FLOW meters; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: CIRCULATION models; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: DATA flow computing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David H.
T1  - Trembling hand perfection for mixed quantal/best response equilibria.
JO  - International Journal of Game Theory
JF  - International Journal of Game Theory
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 539
EP  - 551
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00207276
AB  - The quantal response equilibrium (QRE) is a powerful alternative to full rationality equilibrium concepts. At a QRE, all joint moves have non-zero probability. However in “mixed scenarios”, where some players use quantal response and some use best response, equilibrium strategy profiles can have joint moves with zero probability. This raises the question of applying the trembling hand refinement to such mixed scenarios. To address this I first show how to reformulate the QRE as a “best response” equilibrium where expected utilities are replaced by more general objective functions. I then show that under this reformulation the two popular types of trembling hand perfection can differ when some players use quantal response and some use best response. I end by showing that one of those types of trembling hand perfection cannot be used to remove certain troubling kinds of equilibrium in such mixed scenarios, while the other type can. The conclusion is that only the one type of trembling hand perfection should be applied when we allow some players to be quantal response and some to be best response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Game Theory is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAME theory
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - COMBINATIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Entropy
KW  - Quantal response equilibrium
KW  - Trembling hand perfection
N1  - Accession Number: 45363186; Wolpert, David H. 1; Email Address: david.h.wolpert@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: 2009, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p539; Subject Term: GAME theory; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: COMBINATIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantal response equilibrium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trembling hand perfection; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00182-009-0169-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
AU  - Kulahci, Ipek G.
AU  - Cyr, Gary
AU  - Ling, Julia
AU  - Winnick, Matthew
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy
AU  - Freund, Minoru M.
T1  - Air ionization at rock surfaces and pre-earthquake signals
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 71
IS  - 17/18
M3  - Article
SP  - 1824
EP  - 1834
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: Pre-earthquake signals have been widely reported, including perturbations in the ionosphere. These precursory signals, though highly diverse, may be caused by just one underlying physical process: activation of highly mobile electronic charge carriers in rocks that are subjected to ever increasing levels of stress. The charge carriers are defect electrons associated with O− in a matrix of O2−. Known as positive holes or pholes h, they flow out of the stressed rock into the unstressed rock volume, traveling meters in the laboratory, probably kilometers in the field. At the rock–air interface they cause: (i) positive surface potential, (ii) field-ionization of air molecules, (iii) corona discharges. The rate of formation of airborne ions can exceed 109 cm−2 s−1. Massive air ionization prior to major earthquakes increases the electrical conductivity in the air column and may cause ionospheric perturbations, earthquake lights, and unusual animal behavior as well as infrared emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ionization
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - ANIMAL behavior
KW  - ELECTRIC charge & distribution
KW  - INFRARED radiation -- Atmospheric effects
KW  - IONOSPHERE
KW  - Air ionization
KW  - Animal behavior
KW  - Corona discharges
KW  - Earthquake lights
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Pre-earthquake phenomena
KW  - Thermal infrared anomalies
N1  - Accession Number: 45220188; Freund, Friedemann T. 1,2,3; Email Address: friedemann.t.freund@nasa.gov Kulahci, Ipek G. 2 Cyr, Gary 4 Ling, Julia 5,6 Winnick, Matthew 3,7 Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy 2,8 Freund, Minoru M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Department of Physics, REU Summer 2008, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  4: San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, CA 95192-5569, USA  5: NASA Academy 2007, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94025-1000, USA  6: Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604-0745, USA  8: Department of Physics, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 71 Issue 17/18, p1824; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ionization; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: ANIMAL behavior; Subject Term: ELECTRIC charge & distribution; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation -- Atmospheric effects; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air ionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corona discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake lights; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pre-earthquake phenomena; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal infrared anomalies; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.07.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
T1  - Parameterization of Shortwave and Longwave Radiative Properties of Ice Clouds for Use in Climate Models.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 22
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 6287
EP  - 6312
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Climate modeling and prediction require that the parameterization of the radiative effects of ice clouds be as accurate as possible. The radiative properties of ice clouds are highly sensitive to the single-scattering properties of ice particles and ice cloud microphysical properties such as particle habits and size distributions. In this study, parameterizations for shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiative properties of ice clouds are developed for three existing schemes using ice cloud microphysical properties obtained from five field campaigns and broadband-averaged single-scattering properties of nonspherical ice particles as functions of the effective particle size De (defined as 1.5 times the ratio of total volume to total projected area), which include hexagonal solid columns and hollow columns, hexagonal plates, six-branch bullet rosettes, aggregates, and droxtals. A combination of the discrete ordinates radiative transfer model and a line-by-line model is used to simulate ice cloud radiative forcing (CRF) at both the surface and the top of the atmosphere (TOA) for the three redeveloped parameterization schemes. The differences in CRF for different parameterization schemes are in the range of -5 to 5 W m-2. In general, the large differences in SW and total CRF occur for thick ice clouds, whereas the large differences in LW CRF occur for ice clouds with small ice particles (De less than 20 μm). The redeveloped parameterization schemes are then applied to the radiative transfer models used for climate models. The ice cloud optical and microphysical properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud product over a granule and the collocated atmospheric profiles from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) product are input into these radiative transfer models to compare the differences in CRF between the redeveloped and existing parameterization schemes. Although differences between these schemes are small in the LW CRF, the differences in the SW CRF are quite large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - CLOUDS -- Thermodynamics
KW  - SHORTWAVE radio
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - RADIOACTIVITY measurements
KW  - DETECTION of radioactive substances
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
N1  - Accession Number: 45427505; Gang Hong 1; Email Address: hong@ariel.met.tamu.edu Ping Yang 1 Baum, Bryan A. 2 Heymsfield, Andrew J. 3 Kuan-Man Xu 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  2: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 22 Issue 23, p6287; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: SHORTWAVE radio; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVITY measurements; Subject Term: DETECTION of radioactive substances; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JCLI2844.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walsh, Brian M.
AU  - Barnes, Norman P.
T1  - Nonstoichiometric laser materials: Designer wavelengths in neodymium-doped garnets
JO  - Journal of Luminescence
JF  - Journal of Luminescence
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 129
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1401
EP  - 1406
SN  - 00222313
AB  - Abstract: The tunable nature of lasers provides for a wide range of applications. Most applications rely on finding available laser wavelengths to meet the needs of the research. This article presents the concept of compositional tuning, whereby the laser wavelength is designed by exploiting nonstoichiometry. For research where precise wavelengths are required, such as remote sensing, this is highly advantageous. A theoretical basis for the concept is presented and experimental results in spectroscopic measurements support the theoretical basis. Laser operation nicely demonstrates the validity of the concept of designer lasers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Luminescence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - LASER materials
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - NEODYMIUM
KW  - GARNET
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - 0.94μm lasers
KW  - Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE)
KW  - Compositional tuning
KW  - Nd lasers
KW  - Voigt lineshape
KW  - Water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 44814915; Walsh, Brian M.; Email Address: brian.m.walsh@nasa.gov Barnes, Norman P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 129 Issue 12, p1401; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Subject Term: LASER materials; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: NEODYMIUM; Subject Term: GARNET; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: 0.94μm lasers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE); Author-Supplied Keyword: Compositional tuning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nd lasers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voigt lineshape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jlumin.2009.01.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ellis, Stephen R.
AU  - Adelstein, Bernard D.
T1  - Kinesthetic Compensation for Sensorimotor Rearrangements.
JO  - Journal of Motor Behavior
JF  - Journal of Motor Behavior
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 518
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00222895
AB  - The authors report a new sensorimotor phenomenon in which participants use hand-sensed kinesthetic information to compensate for rotational sensorimotor rearrangements. This compensation benefits from conscious awareness and is related to hand posture. The technique can reduce control inefficiency with some misalignments by as much as 64%. The results support Y. Guiard's (1987) suggestion that in bimanual tasks one hand provides an operational frame of reference for the other hand as in a closed kinematic chain. Results with right-handed participants show that the right and left hands are equally effective at providing such a cue. A constant-angular-targeting-error model, similar to that used for hand movements by H. Cunningham and I. Vardi (1990) and for walking by S. K. Rushton, J. M. Harris, M. R. Lloyd, and J. P. Wann (1998), is used to model the trajectories of targeting hand movements demonstrating the phenomenon. The model provides a natural parameter of the error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Motor Behavior is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN information processing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SENSORIMOTOR integration
KW  - PERCEPTUAL-motor processes
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - MOTOR ability
KW  - EYE-hand coordination
KW  - kinesthetic cue
KW  - manual control
KW  - sensorimotor rearrangement
KW  - telerobotics
N1  - Accession Number: 45007805; Ellis, Stephen R. 1 Adelstein, Bernard D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p501; Subject Term: HUMAN information processing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SENSORIMOTOR integration; Subject Term: PERCEPTUAL-motor processes; Subject Term: TASK performance; Subject Term: MOTOR ability; Subject Term: EYE-hand coordination; Author-Supplied Keyword: kinesthetic cue; Author-Supplied Keyword: manual control; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensorimotor rearrangement; Author-Supplied Keyword: telerobotics; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Boone, Chris
AU  - Bernath, Peter
AU  - Mahieu, Emmanuel
T1  - First measurements of the HCFC-142b trend from atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) solar occultation spectra
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 110
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2127
EP  - 2134
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The first measurement of the HCFC-142b (CH3CClF2) trend near the tropopause has been derived from volume mixing ratio (VMR) measurements at northern and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes for the 2004–2008 time period from spaceborne solar occultation observations recorded at 0.02cm−1 resolution with the ACE (atmospheric chemistry experiment) Fourier transform spectrometer. The HCFC-142b molecule is currently the third most abundant HCFC (hydrochlorofluorocarbon) in the atmosphere and ACE measurements over this time span show a continuous rise in its volume mixing ratio. Monthly average measurements at northern and southern hemisphere mid-latitudes have similar increase rates that are consistent with surface trend measurements for a similar time span. A mean northern hemisphere profile for the time span shows a near constant VMR at 8–20km altitude range, consistent on average for the same time span with in situ results. The nearly constant vertical VMR profile also agrees with model predictions of a long lifetime in the lower atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Composition
KW  - Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
KW  - Ozone depletion
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Trends
N1  - Accession Number: 44108661; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Chiou, Linda 2; Email Address: linda.s.chiou@nasa.gov Boone, Chris 3; Email Address: cboone@sciborg.uwaterloo.ca Bernath, Peter 4; Email Address: pfb500@york.ac.uk Mahieu, Emmanuel 5; Email Address: emmanuel.mahieu@ulg.ac.be; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1  4: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK  5: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 110 Issue 18, p2127; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone depletion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trends; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.05.011
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosario-Castro, Belinda I.
AU  - Contés, Enid J.
AU  - Lebrón-Colón, Marisabel
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
AU  - Sánchez-Pomales, Germarie
AU  - Cabrera, Carlos R.
T1  - Combined electron microscopy and spectroscopy characterization of as-received, acid purified, and oxidized HiPCO single-wall carbon nanotubes
JO  - Materials Characterization
JF  - Materials Characterization
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 60
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1442
EP  - 1453
SN  - 10445803
AB  - Abstract: Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are very important materials due to their combination of unique structure, dimension, strength, chemical stability, and electronic properties. Nevertheless, SWCNTs from commercial sources usually contain several impurities, which are usually removed by a purification process that includes reflux in acids and strong oxidation. This strong chemical procedure may alter the nanotube properties and it is thus important to control the extent of functionalization and oxidation during the purification procedure. In this report, we provide a comprehensive study of the structure and physical composition of SWCNTs during each step of the purification process. Techniques such as Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Infrared spectroscopy were used to track the SWCNTs structure, in terms of length and diameter distribution, and surface chemical modifications during each purification stage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Characterization is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - Scanning electron microscopy
KW  - Single-wall carbon nanotubes
KW  - SWCNTs chemical oxidation
KW  - SWCNTs purification
KW  - Thermogravimetric analysis
KW  - Transmission electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 45069729; Rosario-Castro, Belinda I. 1,2 Contés, Enid J. 1,2 Lebrón-Colón, Marisabel 3 Meador, Michael A. 3 Sánchez-Pomales, Germarie 1,2 Cabrera, Carlos R. 1,2; Email Address: carlos.cabrera2@upr.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Department of Chemistry, PO Box 23346, San Juan, 00931-3346, Puerto Rico  2: University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials, PO Box 23346, San Juan, 00931-3346, Puerto Rico  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 60 Issue 12, p1442; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-wall carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: SWCNTs chemical oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: SWCNTs purification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermogravimetric analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matchar.2009.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heidmann, James D.
T1  - NASA Turbomachinery Technical Working Group Technology Assessment.
JO  - Mechanical Engineering
JF  - Mechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 131
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 52
PB  - American Society of Mechanical Engineers
SN  - 00256501
AB  - The article reports on the technological assessment conducted by the Turbomachinery Technical Working Group headed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in the U.S. It states that the group formation was propelled by the Subsonic Fixed Wing (SFW) Project of NASA which need working groups emphasizing on the technologies in turbomachinery. It also mentions several members of the group including Jim Heidmann, chairperson of NASA, Aspi Wadia of General Electric (GE) Aircraft Engines and Steve Wellborn of Rolls-Royce PLC. It also presents a table which summarizes the results of the research depicting the performance, noise and emissions of turbomachineries.
KW  - TURBOMACHINES
KW  - TURBINES -- Aerodynamics
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - ROLLS-Royce PLC
KW  - GENERAL Electric Aircraft Engines (Company)
KW  - HEIDMANN, Jim
KW  - WADIA, Aspi
KW  - WELLBORN, Steve
N1  - Accession Number: 46795710; Heidmann, James D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Senior Technical Advisor, Subsonic Fixed Wing Project, NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 131 Issue 12, p51; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES; Subject Term: TURBINES -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: ROLLS-Royce PLC Company/Entity: GENERAL Electric Aircraft Engines (Company); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: HEIDMANN, Jim; People: WADIA, Aspi; People: WELLBORN, Steve; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1567
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - James  Smialek
T1  - Moisture-Induced Delayed Alumina Scale Spallation on a Ni(Pt)Al Coating.
JO  - Oxidation of Metals
JF  - Oxidation of Metals
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 72
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 278
SN  - 0030770X
AB  - Abstract  Delayed interfacial scale failure takes place after cooling for samples of a Ni(Pt)Al-coated CMSX4 single crystal superalloy, cycled at 1150 °C for up to 2000 h. One sample exhibited premature coating grain boundary wrinkling, alumina scale spallation to bare metal, and a final weight loss of 3.3 mg/cm2. Spallation under ambient conditions was monitored with time after cooldown and was found to continue for 24 h. This produced up to 0.05 mg/cm2 additional loss for each hold, accumulating 0.7 mg/cm2 (20% of the total) over the course of the test. After test termination, water immersion produced an additional 0.15 mg/cm2 loss (a duplicate sample produced much less wrinkling and time dependent spalling, maintaining a net weight gain). The results are consistent with the general phenomena of moisture-induced delayed spallation (MIDS) of mature, distressed alumina scales formed on oxidation resistant M-Al alloys. Relative ambient humidity is discussed as the factor controlling adsorbed moisture, reaction with the substrate, and hydrogen effects on interface strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oxidation of Metals is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - METAL coating
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - METAL crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 44864701; James  Smialek 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland OH 44135 USA; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 72 Issue 5/6, p259; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: METAL coating; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: METAL crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Griffith, C.A.
AU  - Ferri, F.
AU  - Fulchignoni, M.
T1  - Comparing methane and temperature profiles on Titan in 1980 and 2005
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 57
IS  - 14/15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1996
EP  - 2000
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Huygens Probe data provided a direct measurement of CH4, temperature, and pressure in Titan''s atmosphere. This data can be used to compare to the Voyager data in which the effects of CH4, temperature, and pressure were mixed together. Comparison with Huygens data indicates that values of the surface relative humidity of CH4 at the Voyager ingress and egress were between 20% and 45%, and values above 60% are inconsistent with this comparison. The most parsimonious explanation for the Voyager data is that the temperature and CH4 surface humidity at the Voyager ingress and egress profiles were identical to the Huygens values; a surface temperature of 93.65±0.25K, and a surface relative humidity of 43%. Thus, it is likely that these values have characterized the equatorial region of Titan from 1980 until 2005. The small reduction of 1K, between the tropopause temperatures of the Voyager profiles and the tropopause temperature of the Huygens profile is explainable by a change in the antigreenhouse flux from the stratosphere from 0.13 to 0.1 of the total average solar flux. This could result from a small seasonal change in the optical properties of the stratospheric haze. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC methane
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - SPACE probes
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Huygens
KW  - Methane
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Titan
KW  - Voyager
N1  - Accession Number: 45418609; McKay, C.P. 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov Griffith, C.A. 2 Ferri, F. 3 Fulchignoni, M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States  3: Università di Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  4: Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 57 Issue 14/15, p1996; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC methane; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: SPACE probes; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Huygens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voyager; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2009.08.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45418609&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rowland, Teri
AU  - Chambers, Lin
AU  - Holzer, Missy
AU  - Moore, Susan
T1  - SOLAR RADIATION: Harnessing the Power.
JO  - Science Teacher
JF  - Science Teacher
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 76
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 35
SN  - 00368555
AB  - The article presents a lesson plan that can be used in teaching solar energy, electricity, and electromagnetic spectrum to middle and high school students.
KW  - LESSON planning
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - ELECTRICITY -- Study & teaching
KW  - ACTIVITY programs in middle school education
KW  - ACTIVITY programs in secondary education
KW  - STUDY & teaching
N1  - Accession Number: 45651605; Rowland, Teri 1; Email Address: rowlandt@scsd2.com Chambers, Lin 2; Email Address: lin.h.chambers@nasa.gov Holzer, Missy 3; Email Address: mholzer@monmouth.com Moore, Susan 4; Email Address: susan.w.moore@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science teacher, Sheridan High School, Sheridan, Wyoming  2: Physical scientist, NASA Langley Research Center, Climate Science Branch, Hampton, Virginia  3: Sience teacher, Chatham High School, Chatham, New Jersey  4: Education specialist, SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 76 Issue 9, p31; Subject Term: LESSON planning; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: ELECTRICITY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: ACTIVITY programs in middle school education; Subject Term: ACTIVITY programs in secondary education; Subject Term: STUDY & teaching; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611110 Elementary and Secondary Schools; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oliver, Dawn L.
T1  - Landing a Legal Job in the Federal Government.
JO  - Young Lawyer
JF  - Young Lawyer
Y1  - 2009/12//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 4
SN  - 10906878
AB  - The article focuses on the job apportunities available with the federal government for attorneys and also on the benefits of working with it. It states that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) is expecting 4,000 job vacancies for new positions among attorneys, correctional officers and law enforcement personnels. It highlights that from among various benfits, federal government employees are also provided with skill enhancing opportunities, and also derive health and retirement benefits.
KW  - JOB vacancies
KW  - FEDERAL government
KW  - EMPLOYEE fringe benefits
KW  - RETIREMENT benefits
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 45724339; Oliver, Dawn L. 1; Email Address: dawn.l.oliver@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Assistant chief counsel with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) at Kennedy Space Center in Florida; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 14 Issue 3, p2; Subject Term: JOB vacancies; Subject Term: FEDERAL government; Subject Term: EMPLOYEE fringe benefits; Subject Term: RETIREMENT benefits; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525190 Other Insurance Funds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 674
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - In Retrospect: Kepler's Astronomia Nova.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2009/12/10/
VL  - 462
IS  - 7274
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 725
EP  - 725
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article reviews the book "Astronomia Nova," by Johannes Kepler.
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - KEPLER, Johannes, 1571-1630
KW  - ASTRONOMIA Nova (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 45679820; Lissauer, Jack J. 1,2; Email Address: Jack.J.Lissauer@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Scientist, NASA's Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Visiting Fellow, Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, UK; Source Info: 12/10/2009, Vol. 462 Issue 7274, p725; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: ASTRONOMIA Nova (Book); People: KEPLER, Johannes, 1571-1630; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1038/462725a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sen, S.K.
AU  - Shaykhian, Gholam Ali
T1  - MatLab tutorial for scientific and engineering computations: International Federation of Nonlinear Analysts (IFNA); 2008 World Congress of Nonlinear Analysts (WCNA)
JO  - Nonlinear Analysis
JF  - Nonlinear Analysis
Y1  - 2009/12/15/
VL  - 71
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - e1005
EP  - e1020
SN  - 0362546X
AB  - Abstract: The computing scenario over centuries/millenniums has been changing based on the tools/power of tools–often innovative–available to mankind. We discuss here in tutorial form various features of MatLab and their usage to solve problems. MatLab is one of the most widely used, very high level programming languages for scientific and engineering computations. It is very user-friendly and needs practically no formal programming knowledge. Presented here are MatLab programming aspects and not just the MatLab commands for scientists and engineers who do not have formal programming training and also have no significant time to spare for learning programming to solve their real world problems. Specifically provided are programs for visualization. Also, stated are the current limitations of the MatLab, which possibly can be taken care of by Mathworks Inc. in a future version to make MatLab more versatile. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nonlinear Analysis is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - MEETINGS
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers)
KW  - INFORMATION visualization
KW  - Graphical functions
KW  - MatLab
KW  - Matrix manipulations
KW  - Symbolic calculations
KW  - MATHWORKS Inc.
N1  - Accession Number: 45216295; Sen, S.K. 1; Email Address: sksen@fit.edu Shaykhian, Gholam Ali 2; Email Address: ali.shaykhian@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901-6975, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 71 Issue 12, pe1005; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: MEETINGS; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: PROGRAMMING languages (Electronic computers); Subject Term: INFORMATION visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphical functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: MatLab; Author-Supplied Keyword: Matrix manipulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Symbolic calculations; Company/Entity: MATHWORKS Inc. DUNS Number: 131142747; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 511210 Software Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.na.2009.01.069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
T1  - Prospects for Probing Feedback from the First Black Holes and Stars During Reionization.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2009/12/19/
VL  - 1201
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 157
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The feasibility of making highly redshifted HI 21-cm (rest frame) measurements from an early epoch of the Universe between the Dark Ages and Reionization (i.e., z>6 and v<200 MHz) to probe the effects of feedback from the first stars and quasars is assessed in this paper. It may be possible to determine the distribution of hydrogen through the Universe and to constrain the birth of the first stars and black holes via HI tomography. Such observations may also place limits on the properties of Inflation and any exotic heating mechanisms before the first star formation begins (e.g., dark matter decay). The global (all-sky) HI signal after Recombination has distinct features at different frequencies between 30 and 200 MHz that change as the relative balance between the CMB and spin temperatures changes due to the expansion of the Universe and the ignition of stars and/or black holes. A technology roadmap to approach these observations beginning with ground-based arrays and ending with a low frequency radio array on the lunar farside is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERMASSIVE black holes
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL collapse
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - 21-cm measurements
KW  - cosmology
KW  - dark ages
KW  - epoch of reionization
KW  - first AGNs
KW  - first stars
N1  - Accession Number: 52414159; Burns, Jack O. 1,2,3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics & Space Astronomy, 389 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA.  3: Lunar University Network for Astrophysics Research (LUNAR).; Source Info: 12/19/2009, Vol. 1201 Issue 1, p154; Subject Term: SUPERMASSIVE black holes; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL collapse; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: 21-cm measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark ages; Author-Supplied Keyword: epoch of reionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: first AGNs; Author-Supplied Keyword: first stars; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3293022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gordon, Keith
AU  - Sannigrahi, Biswajit
AU  - Mcgeady, Paul
AU  - Wang, X. Q.
AU  - Mendenhall, Juana
AU  - Khan, Ishrat M.
T1  - Synthesis of Optically Active Helical Poly(2-methoxystyrene). Enhancement of HeLa and Osteoblast Cell Growth on Optically Active Helical Poly(2-methoxystyrene) Surfaces.
JO  - Journal of Biomaterials Science -- Polymer Edition
JF  - Journal of Biomaterials Science -- Polymer Edition
Y1  - 2009/12/20/
VL  - 20
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2055
EP  - 2072
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 09205063
AB  - Poly(2-methoxystyrene)s (P2MS) were synthesized using n-BuLi in THF and toluene at various temperatures. At -20°C and higher temperatures, toluene was an effective polymerization solvent for synthesizing poly(2-methoxystyrene). Under these conditions, polymers with good yields and reasonable molecular weight distributions were obtained. Polymers synthesized under all conditions were isotactic; the most highly isotactic polymer was obtained in toluene at -20°C. The m (isotactic dyad) content of the polymers synthesized in toluene at 0°C and -20°C was 0.65 and 0.74, respectively. Optically active helical (+) and (-) P2MS were synthesized by asymmetric polymerization utilizing (+) or (-) [2,3-dimethoxy1,4(dimethylamino)butane] (DDB)/tolyl lithium initiating complex in toluene. Asymmetric polymerizations were also carried out at 0°C to synthesize optically active polymers. The optical rotations of the polymers were found to be dynamic and reversible, strongly suggesting contribution of the chiral higher ordered structure to the overall optical rotation. Geometry optimization carried out using various force fields such as MM+, AMBER and CHARMM suggests that isotactic P2MS form low energy stable helical conformations. HeLa cells showed better growth on surfaces prepared using chiral polymers compared to the surfaces prepared with achiral polymers. Similarly, chiral P2MS surfaces were also more effective as supports for mouse and human osteoblast cells. The cell attachment and growth data demonstrate that chiral P2MS surfaces were better supports compared to achiral P2MS surfaces. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies on surfaces prepared using chiral poly(2-methoxystyrene) showed more discrete topography features compared to surfaces prepared with achiral polymers. Thus, the surface topography may play a role in determining polymer–cell interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomaterials Science -- Polymer Edition is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - TOLUENE
KW  - POLYMERIZATION
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - CELL membranes
KW  - ASYMMETRIC POLYMERIZATION
KW  - BIOCOMPATIBILITY
KW  - optically active
KW  - Poly(2-methoxystyrene)
N1  - Accession Number: 44759766; Gordon, Keith 1; Email Address: ikhan@cau.edu Sannigrahi, Biswajit 2 Mcgeady, Paul 2 Wang, X. Q. 3 Mendenhall, Juana 2 Khan, Ishrat M. 2; Email Address: ikhan@cau.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.  2: Department of Chemistry, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.  3: Department of Physics, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Drive, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.; Source Info: Dec2009, Vol. 20 Issue 14, p2055; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: TOLUENE; Subject Term: POLYMERIZATION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: CELL membranes; Author-Supplied Keyword: ASYMMETRIC POLYMERIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: BIOCOMPATIBILITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: optically active; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poly(2-methoxystyrene); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1163/156856208X399116
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zambrano, H. A.
AU  - Walther, J. H.
AU  - Jaffe, R. L.
T1  - Thermally driven molecular linear motors: A molecular dynamics study.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2009/12/28/
VL  - 131
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 241104
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We conduct molecular dynamics simulations of a molecular linear motor consisting of coaxial carbon nanotubes with a long outer carbon nanotube confining and guiding the motion of an inner short, capsulelike nanotube. The simulations indicate that the motion of the capsule can be controlled by thermophoretic forces induced by thermal gradients. The simulations find large terminal velocities of 100–400 nm/ns for imposed thermal gradients in the range of 1–3 K/nm. Moreover, the results indicate that the thermophoretic force is velocity dependent and its magnitude decreases for increasing velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CONJUGATE gradient methods
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC interactions
N1  - Accession Number: 47244607; Zambrano, H. A. 1 Walther, J. H. 1; Email Address: jhw@mek.dtu.dk Jaffe, R. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 12/28/2009, Vol. 131 Issue 24, p241104; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: CONJUGATE gradient methods; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC interactions; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3281642
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47244607&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Uhran, Mark L.
T1  - Progress toward establishing a US national laboratory on the International Space Station
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 66
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 156
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The International Space Station (ISS) is rapidly approaching the long-awaited completion of assembly. All United States (US) core elements have been integrated and tested on-orbit and the principle elements of the European and Japanese laboratories were successfully deployed in 2008. The fully envisioned configuration is on schedule to be completed as planned by the end of US government fiscal year 2010. Section 507 of the NASA Authorization Act of 2005 designated the US segment of the ISS as a “national laboratory”, thereby opening up its use to other US government agencies, US private firms and US non-profit institutions. This paper reports on progress toward identifying and entering into agreements with entities outside of NASA that plan to use the ISS in the post-assembly timeframe. The original 1984 vision of a robust, multi-mission space station serving as a platform for the advancement of US science, technology and industry will soon be achieved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - LABORATORIES
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Space laboratories
KW  - Space stations
KW  - Space utilization
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 45215723; Uhran, Mark L. 1; Email Address: mark.l.uhran@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: International Space Station Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 300 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20003, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 66 Issue 1/2, p149; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: LABORATORIES; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space laboratories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space stations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space utilization; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621511 Medical Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541940 Veterinary Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.05.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45215723&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kanas, N.
AU  - Sandal, G.
AU  - Boyd, J.E.
AU  - Gushin, V.I.
AU  - Manzey, D.
AU  - North, R.
AU  - Leon, G.R.
AU  - Suedfeld, P.
AU  - Bishop, S.
AU  - Fiedler, E.R.
AU  - Inoue, N.
AU  - Johannes, B.
AU  - Kealey, D.J.
AU  - Kraft, N.
AU  - Matsuzaki, I.
AU  - Musson, D.
AU  - Palinkas, L.A.
AU  - Salnitskiy, V.P.
AU  - Sipes, W.
AU  - Stuster, J.
T1  - Erratum to “Psychology and culture during long-duration space missions” [Acta Astron. 64 (2009) 659–677]
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 66
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 331
EP  - 331
SN  - 00945765
N1  - Accession Number: 45215772; Kanas, N. 1; Email Address: nick.kanas@ucsf.edu Sandal, G. 2 Boyd, J.E. 3 Gushin, V.I. 4 Manzey, D. 5 North, R. 6 Leon, G.R. 7 Suedfeld, P. 8 Bishop, S. 9 Fiedler, E.R. 10 Inoue, N. 11 Johannes, B. 12 Kealey, D.J. 13 Kraft, N. 14 Matsuzaki, I. 15 Musson, D. 16 Palinkas, L.A. 17 Salnitskiy, V.P. 4 Sipes, W. 6 Stuster, J. 18; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychiatry, University of California/San Francisco, VAMC (116A), 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA  2: University of Bergen, Norway  3: University of California/San Francisco, and VA Medical Center, San Francisco, USA  4: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russia  5: Berlin University of Technology, Germany  6: NASA Johnson Space Center, USA  7: University of Minnesota, USA  8: University of British Columbia, Canada  9: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, USA  10: National Space Biomedical Research Institute, USA  11: JAXA Tsukuba Space Center, Japan  12: DLR, Germany  13: Centre for Intercultural Learning, Canada  14: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  15: University of Tsukuba, Japan  16: McMaster University, Canada  17: University of Southern California, USA  18: Anacapa Sciences, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 66 Issue 1/2, p331; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.12.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45215772&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martinez, Oscar A.
AU  - Sharma, Anurag
AU  - Sankar, Bhavani V.
AU  - Haftka, Raphael T.
AU  - Blosser, Max L.
T1  - Thermal Force and Moment Determination of an Integrated Thermal Protection System.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 128
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper is concerned with homogenization of a corrugated-core sandwich panel, which is a candidate structure for integral thermal protection systems for space vehicles. The focus was on determination of thermal stresses in the face sheets and the web caused by through-the-thickness temperature variation. A micromechanical method was developed to homogenize the sandwich panel as an equivalent orthotropic plate and calculate the equivalent thermal forces and moments for a given temperature distribution. The same method was again used to calculate the stresses in the face sheets and the core. The method was demonstrated by calculating stresses in a sandwich panel subjected to a temperature distribution described by a quartic polynomial in the thickness direction. Both constrained and unconstrained boundary conditions were considered. In the constrained case the plate boundaries are constrained such that there are no deformations in the macroscale sense. The unconstrained case assumes that there are no force and moment resultants in the macroscale. The results for stresses are compared with that from a three-dimensional finite element analysis of the representative volume element of the sandwich structure, and the comparison was found to be within 5% difference. The micromechanical analysis; which is less time consuming, will be useful in the design and optimization of integral thermal protection system structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 47935751; Martinez, Oscar A. 1 Sharma, Anurag 1 Sankar, Bhavani V. 1 Haftka, Raphael T. 1 Blosser, Max L. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p119; Subject Term: THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles); Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 6 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40678
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47935751&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
AU  - Bridges, James E.
AU  - Brown, C. A.
T1  - Excess Broadband Noise Observed with Overexpanded Jets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 214
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Results of an experiment on the characteristics of an excess noise occurring with convergent-divergent nozzles in the overexpanded regime are presented in this paper. Data are obtained with five convergent-divergent nozzles and a convergent nozzle, all having the same exit diameter. The results clearly establish that, relative to the convergent case and at same pressure ratios, the convergent-divergent nozzles are noisier in the low Mach number range of the overexpanded regime. This is evidenced from the directivity patterns as well as the overall radiated sound power. The excess noise is broadband in nature and is found to be more pronounced with nozzles having a higher design Mach number or larger half angle of the divergent section. It appears to occur when a shock resides within the divergent section and results from random unsteady motion of the shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - NOZZLES
N1  - Accession Number: 47935759; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1 Bridges, James E. 1 Brown, C. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p202; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: NOZZLES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.43383
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corke, Thomas C.
AU  - Enloe, C. Lon
AU  - Wilkinson, Stephen P.
T1  - Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Actuators for Flow Control.
JO  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 505
EP  - 529
SN  - 00664189
AB  - The term plasma actuator has now been a part of the fluid dynamics flow- control vernacular for more than a decade. A particular type of plasma actuator that has gained wide use is based on a single-dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) mechanism that has desirable features for use in air at atmospheric pressures. For these actuators, the mechanism of flow control is through a generated body-force vector field that couples with the momentum in the external flow. The body force can be derived from first principles, and the effect of plasma actuators can be easily incorporated into flow solvers so that their placement and operation can be optimized. They have been used in a wide range of internal and external flow applications. Although initially considered useful only at low speeds, plasma actuators are effective in a number of applications at high subsonic, transonic, and supersonic Mach numbers, owing largely to more optimized actuator designs that were developed through better understanding and modeling of the actuator physics. New applications continue to appear through a growing number of pro- grams in the United States, Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, Russia, Australia, Japan, and China. This review provides an overview of the physics and modeling of SDBD plasma actuators. It highlights some of the capabilities of plasma actuators through examples from experiments and simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTRICS -- Research
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - aerodynamic controi
KW  - body force
KW  - ionized gasses
N1  - Accession Number: 48237590; Corke, Thomas C. 1; Email Address: tcorke@nd.edu Enloe, C. Lon 2 Wilkinson, Stephen P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Flow Physics and Control, Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556  2: Department of Physics, U.S. Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado 80840  3: Flow Physics and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p505; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS -- Research; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: MACH number; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerodynamic controi; Author-Supplied Keyword: body force; Author-Supplied Keyword: ionized gasses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-fluid-121108-145550
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
T1  - Quasi-steady flame standoff ratios during methanol droplet combustion in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 157
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 204
EP  - 205
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Recently, Aharon and Shaw developed a simplified analytical expression to predict quasi-steady flame stand-off ratios for alkane fuels. Their analysis is strictly valid only for alkane-type fuels where there is no reabsorption of flame generated species back into the droplet. In this note we show that Aharon and Shaw’s analysis can be extended to methanol droplet combustion where water generated at the flame-sheet is absorbed back into the droplet. The model predictions are shown to compare well with available experimental results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 45545434; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Microgravity Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 157 Issue 1, p204; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.09.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saunders, W.
AU  - Lawrence, J. S.
AU  - Storey, J. W. V.
AU  - Ashley, M. C. B.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Liu, G.
AU  - Kulesa, C.
T1  - THE BEST SITE ON EARTH?
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 40
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 96
SN  - 16334760
AB  - We compare the merits of potential observatory sites on the Antarctic Plateau, in regard to the boundary layer, cloud cover, free atmosphere seeing, aurorae, airglow, and precipitable water vapour. We find that (a) all Antarctic sites are likely compromised for optical work by airglow and aurorae; (b) Dome A is the best existing site in almost all respects; (c) there is an even better site ("Ridge A") 150 kms SW of Dome A; (d) Dome F is a remarkably good site except for aurorae; (e) Dome C probably has the least cloud cover of any of the sites, and might be able to use a predicted 'OH hole' in the Spring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - AIRGLOW
KW  - PRECIPITABLE water
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 47408576; Saunders, W. 1 Lawrence, J. S. 1 Storey, J. W. V. 1 Ashley, M. C. B. 1 Kato, S. 2 Minnis, P. 3 Winker, D. M. 3 Liu, G. 3 Kulesa, C. 4; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics, University of New South Wales, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  3: Space Sciences Lab., University of California Berkeley, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 40, p89; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: AIRGLOW; Subject Term: PRECIPITABLE water; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1040011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - MELTON, FORREST
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - MILESI, CRISTINA
AU  - WEILE WANG
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Evaluating the impacts of climate and elevated carbon dioxide on tropical rainforests of the western Amazon basin using ecosystem models and satellite data.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 271
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Forest inventories from the intact rainforests of the Amazon indicate increasing rates of carbon gain over the past three decades. However, such estimates have been questioned because of the poor spatial representation of the sampling plots and the incomplete understanding of purported mechanisms behind the increases in biomass. Ecosystem models, when used in conjunction with satellite data, are useful in examining the carbon budgets in regions where the observations of carbon flows are sparse. The purpose of this study is to explain observed trends in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using climate observations and ecosystem models of varying complexity in the western Amazon basin for the period of 1984–2002. We first investigated trends in NDVI and found a positive trend during the study period, but the positive trend in NDVI was observed only in the months from August to December. Then, trends in various climate parameters were calculated, and of the climate variables considered, only shortwave radiation was found to have a corresponding significant positive trend. To compare the impact of each climate component, as well as increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, on evergreen forests in the Amazon, we ran three ecosystem models (CASA, Biome-BGC, and LPJ), and calculated monthly net primary production by changing a climate component selected from the available climate datasets. As expected, CO2 fertilization effects showed positive trends throughout the year and cannot explain the positive trend in NDVI, which was observed only for the months of August to December. Through these simulations, we demonstrated that the positive trend in shortwave radiation can explain the positive trend in NDVI observed for the period from August to December. We conclude that the positive trend in shortwave radiation is the most likely driver of the increasing trend in NDVI and the corresponding observed increases in forest biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAIN forests
KW  - FOREST productivity -- Climatic factors
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - FOREST biomass
KW  - FERTILIZATION of forest soils
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL indicators
KW  - EFFECT of radiation on plants
KW  - BIOCOMPLEXITY
KW  - AMAZON River Valley
KW  - Amazon
KW  - ecosystem model
KW  - NDVI
KW  - NPP
N1  - Accession Number: 45546426; HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 1,2; Email Address: hirofumi.hashimoto@gmail.com MELTON, FORREST 1,2 ICHII, KAZUHITO 3 MILESI, CRISTINA 1,2 WEILE WANG 1,2 NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 2; Affiliation:  1: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima, Japan; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p255; Subject Term: RAIN forests; Subject Term: FOREST productivity -- Climatic factors; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: FOREST biomass; Subject Term: FERTILIZATION of forest soils; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL indicators; Subject Term: EFFECT of radiation on plants; Subject Term: BIOCOMPLEXITY; Subject Term: AMAZON River Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecosystem model; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: NPP; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01921.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45546426&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McEwen, Alfred S.
AU  - Banks, Maria E.
AU  - Baugh, Nicole
AU  - Becker, Kris
AU  - Boyd, Aaron
AU  - Bergstrom, James W.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Bortolini, Edward
AU  - Bridges, Nathan T.
AU  - Byrne, Shane
AU  - Castalia, Bradford
AU  - Chuang, Frank C.
AU  - Crumpler, Larry S.
AU  - Daubar, Ingrid
AU  - Davatzes, Alix K.
AU  - Deardorff, Donald G.
AU  - DeJong, Alaina
AU  - Alan Delamere, W.
AU  - Dobrea, Eldar Noe
AU  - Dundas, Colin M.
T1  - The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) during MRO’s Primary Science Phase (PSP)
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 205
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 37
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) acquired 8terapixels of data in 9137 images of Mars between October 2006 and December 2008, covering ∼0.55% of the surface. Images are typically 5–6km wide with 3-color coverage over the central 20% of the swath, and their scales usually range from 25 to 60cm/pixel. Nine hundred and sixty stereo pairs were acquired and more than 50 digital terrain models (DTMs) completed; these data have led to some of the most significant science results. New methods to measure and correct distortions due to pointing jitter facilitate topographic and change-detection studies at sub-meter scales. Recent results address Noachian bedrock stratigraphy, fluvially deposited fans in craters and in or near Valles Marineris, groundwater flow in fractures and porous media, quasi-periodic layering in polar and non-polar deposits, tectonic history of west Candor Chasma, geometry of clay-rich deposits near and within Mawrth Vallis, dynamics of flood lavas in the Cerberus Palus region, evidence for pyroclastic deposits, columnar jointing in lava flows, recent collapse pits, evidence for water in well-preserved impact craters, newly discovered large rayed craters, and glacial and periglacial processes. Of particular interest are ongoing processes such as those driven by the wind, impact cratering, avalanches of dust and/or frost, relatively bright deposits on steep gullied slopes, and the dynamic seasonal processes over polar regions. HiRISE has acquired hundreds of large images of past, present and potential future landing sites and has contributed to scientific and engineering studies of those sites. Warming the focal-plane electronics prior to imaging has mitigated an instrument anomaly that produces bad data under cold operating conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - ALLUVIUM
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - PERIGLACIAL processes
KW  - CANDOR Chasma (Mars)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - climate
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Mars
KW  - polar geology
KW  - surface
N1  - Accession Number: 47184838; McEwen, Alfred S. 1; Email Address: mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu Banks, Maria E. 1 Baugh, Nicole 1 Becker, Kris 2 Boyd, Aaron 1 Bergstrom, James W. 3 Beyer, Ross A. 4 Bortolini, Edward 3 Bridges, Nathan T. 5 Byrne, Shane 1 Castalia, Bradford 1 Chuang, Frank C. 6 Crumpler, Larry S. 7 Daubar, Ingrid 1 Davatzes, Alix K. 8 Deardorff, Donald G. 4 DeJong, Alaina 1 Alan Delamere, W. 9 Dobrea, Eldar Noe 5 Dundas, Colin M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  3: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., 1600 Commerce St., Boulder, CO 80301, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center and SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  7: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, 1901 Mountain Road NW, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA  8: Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, 1901 N. 13th St. Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA  9: Delamere Support Systems, 525 Mapleton Ave., Boulder, CO 80304, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 205 Issue 1, p2; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: ALLUVIUM; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: PERIGLACIAL processes; Subject Term: CANDOR Chasma (Mars); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: polar geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grant, John A.
AU  - Wilson, Sharon A.
AU  - Noe Dobrea, Eldar
AU  - Fergason, Robin L.
AU  - Griffes, Jennifer L.
AU  - Moore, Jeffery M.
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
T1  - HiRISE views enigmatic deposits in the Sirenum Fossae region of Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 205
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 63
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: HiRISE images together with other recent orbital data from Mars define new characteristics of enigmatic Hesperian-aged deposits in Sirenum Fossae that are mostly 100–200m thick, drape kilometers of relief, and often display generally low relief surfaces. New characteristics of the deposits, previously mapped as the “Electris deposits,” include local detection of meter-scale beds that show truncating relationships, a generally light-toned nature, and a variably blocky, weakly indurated appearance. Boulders shed by erosion of the deposits are readily broken down and contribute little to talus. Thermal inertia values for the deposits are ∼200Jm−2 K−1 s−1/2 and they may incorporate hydrated minerals derived from weathering of basalt. The deposits do not contain anomalous amounts of water or water ice. Deflation may dominate degradation of the deposits over time and points to an inventory of fine-grained sediment. Together with constraints imposed by the regional setting on formation processes, these newly resolved characteristics are most consistent with an eolian origin as a loess-like deposit comprised of redistributed and somewhat altered volcanic ash. Constituent sediments may be derived from airfall ash deposits in the Tharsis region. An origin directly related to airfall ash or similar volcanic materials is less probable and emplacement by alluvial/fluvial, impact, lacustrine, or relict polar processes is even less likely. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - BOULDERS
KW  - BASALT
KW  - WEATHERING
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - EOLIAN processes
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 47184840; Grant, John A. 1; Email Address: grantj@si.edu Wilson, Sharon A. 1; Email Address: purdys@si.edu Noe Dobrea, Eldar 2; Email Address: eldar@caltech.edu Fergason, Robin L. 3; Email Address: rfergason@usgs.gov Griffes, Jennifer L. 4; Email Address: griffes@gps.caltech.edu Moore, Jeffery M. 5; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov Howard, Alan D. 6; Email Address: ah6p@virginia.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: United States Geologic Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1698, USA  4: Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 205 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: BOULDERS; Subject Term: BASALT; Subject Term: WEATHERING; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: EOLIAN processes; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.04.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newsom, Horton E.
AU  - Lanza, Nina L.
AU  - Ollila, Ann M.
AU  - Wiseman, Sandra M.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Marzo, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Tornabene, Livio L.
AU  - Okubo, Chris H.
AU  - Osterloo, Mikki M.
AU  - Hamilton, Victoria E.
AU  - Crumpler, Larry S.
T1  - Inverted channel deposits on the floor of Miyamoto crater, Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 205
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 72
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Morphological features on the western floor of Miyamoto crater in southwestern Meridiani Planum, Mars, are suggestive of past fluvial activity. Imagery from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) gives a detailed view of raised curvilinear features that appear to represent inverted paleochannel deposits. The inverted terrain appears to be capped with a resistant, dark-toned deposit that is partially covered by unconsolidated surficial materials. Subsequent to deposition of the capping layer, erosion of the surrounding material has left the capping materials perched on pedestals of uneroded basal unit material. Neither the capping material nor the surrounding terrains show any unambiguous morphological evidence of volcanism or glaciation. The capping deposit may include unconsolidated or cemented stream deposits analogous to terrestrial inverted channels in the Cedar Mountain Formation near Green River, Utah. In addition to this morphological evidence for fluvial activity, phyllosilicates have been identified in the basal material on the floor of Miyamoto crater by orbital spectroscopy, providing mineralogical evidence of past aqueous activity. Based on both the morphological and mineralogical evidence, Miyamoto crater represents an excellent site for in situ examination and sampling of a potentially habitable environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Volcanism
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - SPECTRA
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Geologic processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 47184841; Newsom, Horton E. 1; Email Address: newsom@unm.edu Lanza, Nina L. 1 Ollila, Ann M. 1 Wiseman, Sandra M. 2 Roush, Ted L. 3 Marzo, Giuseppe A. 4 Tornabene, Livio L. 5 Okubo, Chris H. 6 Osterloo, Mikki M. 7 Hamilton, Victoria E. 8 Crumpler, Larry S. 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2050, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0063, USA  6: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  7: Hawai’i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  8: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  9: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Albuquerque, NM 87104, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 205 Issue 1, p64; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Volcanism; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: ORBIT; Subject Term: SPECTRA; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geologic processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chuang, Frank C.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Bridges, Nathan T.
T1  - Modification of martian slope streaks by eolian processes
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 205
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 164
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Recent images from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera have shown that slope streaks have relief on the order of a meter or less. This study presents observations of transverse bedforms and infill deposits within slope streak beds that were not previously identified or were uncommon from earlier analyses of HiRISE images. Transverse bedforms are linear to slightly arcuate features oriented transverse to the slope streak bed which may be analogous to terrestrial splash or coarse-grained ripples based on their morphology, wavelength, and amplitude. In addition to the bedforms, there is also evidence that slope streak beds gradually shallow over time by infilling of material. The presence of ripples within slope streaks implies that saltation-capable material is available on the surface today and/or was available in the recent past. Although airfall dust is not a capable saltation source material, aggregates of electrostatically-bound dust that are possibly later cemented by salts may serve as a source. From the results of this study, we hypothesize a sequence of events in a slope streak formation and modification cycle where grains saltate to form ripples along the bed of a slope streak, airfall dust mantling causes gradual fading of the streak, and infill material buries the ripples, eventually reaching the pre-avalanche surface that removes all traces of relief. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EOLIAN processes
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - AVALANCHES
KW  - COSMIC ripples
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - SPECTRA
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Surface ( Mars )
N1  - Accession Number: 47184846; Chuang, Frank C. 1; Email Address: chuang@psi.edu Beyer, Ross A. 2 Bridges, Nathan T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E Fort Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 205 Issue 1, p154; Subject Term: EOLIAN processes; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: AVALANCHES; Subject Term: COSMIC ripples; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: SPECTRA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface ( Mars ); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henderson, Brenda
T1  - Fifty years of fluidic injection for jet noise reduction.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 122
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The paper reviews 50 years of research investigating jet noise reduction through fluidic injection. Both aqueous and gaseous injection concepts for supersonic and subsonic jet exhausts are discussed. Aqueous injection reduces jet noise by reducing main jet temperature through evaporation and main jet velocity through momentum transfer between water droplets and the main jet. In the launch vehicle environment where large quantities of fluid do not have to be carried with the vehicle, water injection is very effective at reducing excess overpressures. For in-flight use, aqueous injection is problematic as most studies show that either large quantities of water or high injection pressures are required to achieve noise reduction. The most effective noise reduction injection systems require water pressures above 2000 kPa (290 psi) and water-to-mainjet mass flow rates above 10% to achieve overall sound pressure level reductions of roughly 6 dB in the peak jet noise direction. Injection at lower pressure (roughly 1034 kPa or 150 psi) has resulted in a 1.6 EPNdb reduction in effective perceived noise level. Gaseous injection reduces noise through jet plume modifications resulting from the introduction of streamwise vorticity in the main jet. In subsonic single-stream jets, air injection usually produces the largest overall sound pressure level reductions (roughly 2 dB) in the peak jet noise direction. In dual-stream jets, properly designed injection systems can reduce overall sound pressure levels and effective perceived noise levels but care must be taken to choose injector designs that limit sound pressure level increases at high frequencies. A reduction of 1.0 EPNdB has been achieved with injection into the fan and core streams. However, air injection into dual-stream subsonic jets has received little attention and the potential for noise reduction is uncertain at this time. For dual-stream supersonic jets, additional research needs to be conducted to determine if reductions can be achieved with injection pressures available from current aircraft engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - INJECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 47782466; Henderson, Brenda 1; Email Address: Brenda.S.Henderson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 54-3, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 9 Issue 1/2, p91; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: INJECTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richards, Erin E.
AU  - Masuoka, Penny
AU  - Brett-Major, David
AU  - Smith, Matthew
AU  - Klein, Terry A.
AU  - Heung Chul Kim
AU  - Anyamba, Assaf
AU  - Grieco, John
T1  - The relationship between mosquito abundance and rice field density in the Republic of Korea.
JO  - International Journal of Health Geographics
JF  - International Journal of Health Geographics
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 32
EP  - 41
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 1476072X
AB  - Background: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis (JE), is endemic to the Republic of Korea (ROK) where unvaccinated United States (U.S.) military Service members, civilians and family members are stationed. The primary vector of the JEV in the ROK is Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The ecological relationship between Culex spp. and rice fields has been studied extensively; rice fields have been shown to increase the prevalence of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. This research was conducted to determine if the quantification of rice field land cover surrounding U.S. military installations in the ROK should be used as a parameter in a larger risk model that predicts the abundance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations. Mosquito data from the U.S. Forces Korea (USFK) mosquito surveillance program were used in this project. The average number of female Cx. tritaeniorhynchus collected per trap night for the months of August and September, 2002-2008, was calculated. Rice fields were manually digitized inside 1.5 km buffer zones surrounding U.S. military installations on high-resolution satellite images, and the proportion of rice fields was calculated for each buffer zone. Results: Mosquito data collected from seventeen sample sites were analyzed for an association with the proportion of rice field land cover. Results demonstrated that the linear relationship between the proportion of rice fields and mosquito abundance was statistically significant (R² = 0.62, r = .79, F = 22.72, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The analysis presented shows a statistically significant linear relationship between the two parameters, proportion of rice field land cover and log10 of the average number of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus collected per trap night. The findings confirm that agricultural land cover should be included in future studies to develop JE risk prediction models for non-indigenous personnel living at military installations in the ROK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Health Geographics is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOSQUITOES
KW  - FARMS
KW  - ENCEPHALITIS
KW  - KOREA (South)
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 52840185; Richards, Erin E. 1; Email Address: erin.e.richards@us.army.mil Masuoka, Penny 1 Brett-Major, David 1,2 Smith, Matthew 3 Klein, Terry A. 4 Heung Chul Kim 5 Anyamba, Assaf 3 Grieco, John 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.  2: Military Tropical Medicine Course, Navy Medicine Manpower Personnel Training and Education Command, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.  3: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA.  4: Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine. 65th Medical Brigade/MEDDAC-Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.  5: 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Medical Battalion. 65th Medical Brigade, Seoul, Republic of Korea.; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 9, p32; Subject Term: MOSQUITOES; Subject Term: FARMS; Subject Term: ENCEPHALITIS; Subject Term: KOREA (South); Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1476-072X-9-32
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Strawa, A.W.
AU  - Kirchstetter, T.W.
AU  - Puxbaum, H.
T1  - Special Issue for the 9th International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the Atmosphere
JO  - Journal of Aerosol Science
JF  - Journal of Aerosol Science
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 00218502
N1  - Accession Number: 47611524; Strawa, A.W. 1; Email Address: Anthony.W.Strawa@nasa.gov Kirchstetter, T.W. 2 Puxbaum, H. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA—Ames Research Center Earth Sciences Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA  3: Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p1; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.09.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strawa, A.W.
AU  - Kirchstetter, T.W.
AU  - Hallar, A.G.
AU  - Ban-Weiss, G.A.
AU  - McLaughlin, J.P.
AU  - Harley, R.A.
AU  - Lunden, M.M.
T1  - Optical and physical properties of primary on-road vehicle particle emissions and their implications for climate change
JO  - Journal of Aerosol Science
JF  - Journal of Aerosol Science
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 50
SN  - 00218502
AB  - Abstract: During the summers of 2004 and 2006, extinction and scattering coefficients of particle emissions inside a San Francisco Bay Area roadway tunnel were measured using a combined cavity ring-down and nephelometer instrument. Particle size distributions and humidification were also measured, as well as several gas phase species. Vehicles in the tunnel traveled up a 4% grade at a speed of approximately 60kmh−1. The traffic situation in the tunnel allows the apportionment of emission factors between light duty gasoline vehicles and diesel trucks. Cross-section emission factors for optical properties were determined for the apportioned vehicles to be consistent with gas phase and particulate matter emission factors. The absorption emission factor (the absorption cross-section per mass of fuel burned) for diesel trucks (4.4±0.79m2 kg−1) was 22 times larger than for light-duty gasoline vehicles (0.20±0.05m2 kg−1). The single scattering albedo of particles—which represents the fraction of incident light that is scattered as opposed to absorbed—was 0.2 for diesel trucks and 0.3 for light duty gasoline vehicles. These facts indicate that particulate matter from motor vehicles exerts a positive (i.e., warming) radiative climate forcing. Average particulate mass absorption efficiencies for diesel trucks and light duty gasoline vehicles were and , respectively. Particle size distributions and optical properties were insensitive to increases in relative humidity to values in excess of 90%, reinforcing previous findings that freshly emitted motor vehicle particulate matter is hydrophobic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerosol Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - TUNNELS
KW  - HUMIDITY control
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - SAN Francisco Bay Area (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Aerosol optical properties
KW  - Size distribution
KW  - Tunnel
KW  - Vehicle
N1  - Accession Number: 47611528; Strawa, A.W. 1; Email Address: Anthony.W.Strawa@nasa.gov Kirchstetter, T.W. 2 Hallar, A.G. 1,3 Ban-Weiss, G.A. 4 McLaughlin, J.P. 5 Harley, R.A. 5 Lunden, M.M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Atmospheric Science Department, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Desert Research Institute, Storm Peak Laboratory, Steamboat Spring, CO 80488, USA 1  4: University of California, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: University of California, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p36; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: TUNNELS; Subject Term: HUMIDITY control; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: SAN Francisco Bay Area (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Size distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tunnel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vehicle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2009.08.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ratvasky, Thomas P.
AU  - Barnhart, Billy P.
AU  - Lee, Sam
T1  - Current Methods Modeling and Simulating Icing Effects on Aircraft Performance, Stability, Control.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 201
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Icing alters the shape and surface characteristics of aircraft components, which results in altered aerodynamic forces and moments caused by air flow over those iced components. The typical effects of icing are increased drag, reduced stall angle of attack, and reduced maximum lift. In addition to the performance changes, icing can also affect control surface effectiveness, hinge moments, and damping. These effects result in altered aircraft stability and control and flying qualities. Over the past 80 years, methods have been developed to understand how icing affects performance, stability, and control. Emphasis has been on wind-tunnel testing of two-dimensional subscale airfoils with various ice shapes to understand their effect on the flowfield and ultimately the aerodynamics. This research has led to wind-tunnel testing of subscale complete aircraft models to identify the integrated effects of icing on the aircraft system in terms of performance, stability, and control. Data sets of this nature enable pilot-in-the-loop simulations to be performed for pilot training or engineering evaluation of system failure impacts or control system design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODELS & modelmaking
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 48549106; Ratvasky, Thomas P. 1 Barnhart, Billy P. 2 Lee, Sam 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Bihrle Applied Research, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  3: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan/Feb2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p201; Subject Term: MODELS & modelmaking; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.44650
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Bragg, Michael B.
AU  - Addy Jr., Harold E.
AU  - Lee, Sam
AU  - Moens, Frédéric
AU  - Guffond, Didier
T1  - Effect of High-Fidelity Ice-Accretion Simulations on Full-Scale Airfoil Performance.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 240
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The simulation of ice accretion on a wing or other surface is often required for aerodynamic evaluation, particularly at small scale or low Reynolds number. Although there are commonly accepted practices for ice simulation, there are no established and validated guidelines. The purpose of this paper is to report the results of an experimental study establishing a high-fidelity, full-scale, iced-airfoil aerodynamic performance database. This research was conducted as a part of a larger program with the goal of developing subscale aerodynamic simulation methods for iced airfoils. Airfoil performance testing was carried out at the ONERA F1 pressurized wind tunnel using a 72 in. (1828.8 mm) chord NACA 23012 airfoil over a Reynolds number range of 4:5 x 106 to 16:0 x 106 and a Mach number range of 0.10 to 0.28. The high-fidelity ice-casting simulations had a significant impact on the aerodynamic performance. A spanwise-ridge ice shape resulted in a maximum lift coefficient of 0.56 compared with the clean value of 1.85 at Re = 15:9 x 106 and M = 0:20. Two roughness and streamwise shapes yielded maximum lift values in the range of 1.09 to 1.28, which was a relatively small variation compared with the differences in the ice geometry. The stalling characteristics of the two roughness ice simulations and one streamwise ice simulation maintained the abrupt leading-edge stall type of the clean NACA 23012 airfoil, despite the significant decrease in maximum lift. Changes in Reynolds and Mach numbers over the large range tested had little effect on the iced-airfoil performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 48549110; Broeren, Andy P. 1 Bragg, Michael B. 1 Addy Jr., Harold E. 2 Lee, Sam 3 Moens, Frédéric 4 Guffond, Didier 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: ONERA, 92190 Meudon, France  5: ONERA, 92322 Châtillon, France; Source Info: Jan/Feb2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p240; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45203
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - De Young, Russell
AU  - Chu, D. Allen
T1  - A Study of Air Quality in the Southeastern Hampton–Norfolk–Virginia Beach Region with Airborne Lidar Measurements and MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 19
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - A study of air quality was performed using a compact, aircraft aerosol lidar designed in the Science Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals. Five flights of lidar measurements conducted in the Hampton–Norfolk–Virginia Beach, Virginia, region showed complex regional aerosol distributions. Comparisons with MODIS AOD at 10 km × 10 km and 5 km × 5 km resolutions show good agreement, with correlation R2 values of 0.82 and 0.88, respectively. Linear regressions of particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) and AOD within the ranges of 5–40 μg m-3 and 0.05–0.7, respectively, result in R2 values of ∼0.64 and ∼0.82 for MODIS and the Compact Aerosol Lidar, respectively. The linear regressions reflect approximately 51 μg m-3 to 1 AOD. These relationships are in agreement with previous findings for air pollution aerosols in the eastern United States and in northern Italy. However, large vertical variation is seen case by case, with planetary boundary layer heights ranging between 0.7 and 2 km and uncertainties ranging between 0.1 and 0.4 km. The results of the case studies suggest that AOD can be used as an indicator of surface measurements of PM2.5 but with larger uncertainties associated with small aerosol loading (AOD < 0.3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution -- Measurement
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 48008371; Lewis, Jasper 1; Email Address: jasper.r.lewis@nasa.gov De Young, Russell 2 Chu, D. Allen 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Atmospheric Science, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAMC2119.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48008371&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Wilber, Anne C.
AU  - Sothcott, Victor E.
T1  - Validation of the CERES Edition 2B Surface-Only Flux Algorithms.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 164
EP  - 180
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project uses two shortwave (SW) and two longwave (LW) algorithms to derive surface radiative fluxes on an instantaneous footprint basis from a combination of top-of-atmosphere fluxes, ancillary meteorological data, and retrieved cloud properties. Since the CERES project examines the radiative forcings and feedbacks for Earth’s entire climate system, validation of these models for a wide variety of surface conditions is paramount. The present validation effort focuses upon the ability of these surface-only flux algorithms to produce accurate CERES Edition 2B single scanner footprint data from the Terra and Aqua spacecraft measurements. To facilitate the validation process, high-quality radiometric surface observations have been acquired that were coincident with the CERES-derived surface fluxes. For both SW models, systematic errors range from -20 to -12 W m-2 (from -2.8% to -1.6%) for global clear-sky cases, while for the all-sky SW model, the systematic errors range from 14 to 21 W m-2 (3.2%–4.8%) for global cloudy-sky cases. Larger systematic errors were seen for the individual surface types, and significant random errors where observed, especially for cloudy-sky cases. While the SW models nearly achieved the 20 W m-2 accuracy requirements established for climate research, further improvements are warranted. For the clear-sky LW model, systematic errors were observed to fall within ±5.4 W m-2 (±1.9%) except for the polar case in which systematic errors on the order from -15 to -11 W m-2 (from -13% to -7.2%) occurred. For the all-sky LW model, systematic errors were less than ±9.2 W m-2 (±7.6%) for both the clear-sky and cloudy-sky cases. The random errors were less than 17 W m-2 (6.2%) for clear-sky cases and 28 W m-2 (13%) for cloudy-sky cases, except for the desert cases in which very high surface skin temperatures caused an overestimation in the model-calculated surface fluxes. Overall, however, the LW models met the accuracy requirements for climate research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - CLIMATE research
N1  - Accession Number: 48008364; Kratz, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.kratz@nasa.gov Gupta, Shashi K. 2 Wilber, Anne C. 2 Sothcott, Victor E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Systems Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p164; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAMC2246.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48008364&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murray, Benjamin J.
AU  - Jensen, Eric J.
T1  - Homogeneous nucleation of amorphous solid water particles in the upper mesosphere
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 72
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 61
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: Condensed water particles are known to exist in the high latitude upper mesosphere during the summer months. However, the mechanism or mechanisms through which they nucleate remains uncertain. It is postulated here that particles of amorphous solid water (ASW, condensed water with a non-crystalline structure) may nucleate homogeneously in the summer mesosphere. Using classical nucleation theory and a one-dimensional model, it is shown that more than 105 cm−3 amorphous solid water particles can nucleate homogeneously under mesopause conditions. Furthermore, it is shown that homogeneous nucleation competes with heterogeneous nucleation on meteoric smoke particles when the cooling rate is >0.5K/h. The homogeneous nucleation of amorphous solid water could provide an explanation for the high density of ice particles (many thousands per cm3) thought to be required for electron depletions in the upper mesosphere. A parameterisation for homogeneous nucleation is presented which can be used in other mesospheric cloud models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - WATER
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - CONDENSED matter
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - MESOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - Amorphous ice and gravity waves
KW  - Amorphous solid water
KW  - Homogeneous nucleation
KW  - Mesopause
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Mesospheric clouds
KW  - NLC
KW  - Noctilucent clouds
KW  - PMC
KW  - PMSE
N1  - Accession Number: 47061230; Murray, Benjamin J. 1 Jensen, Eric J. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Chemistry, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 72 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: CONDENSED matter; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: MESOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amorphous ice and gravity waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amorphous solid water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homogeneous nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesopause; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesospheric clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: NLC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noctilucent clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMSE; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2009.10.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47061230&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
T1  - Compressibility Considerations for k-ω Turbulence Models in Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Applications.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 20
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The ability of k-ω models to predict compressible turbulent skin friction in hypersonic boundary layers is investigated. Although uncorrected two-equation models can agree well with correlations for hot-wall cases, they tend to perform progressively worse (particularly for cold walls) as the Mach number is increased in the hypersonic regime. Simple algebraic models such as Baldwin-Lomax perform better compared to experiments and correlations in these circumstances. Many of the compressibility corrections described in the literature are summarized here. These include corrections that have only a small influence for k-ω models or that apply only in specific circumstances. The most widely used general corrections were designed for use with jet or mixing-layer free-shear flows. A less-well-known dilatation-dissipation correction intended for boundary-layer flows is also tested and is shown to agree reasonably well with the Baldwin-Lomax model at cold-wall conditions. It exhibits a less dramatic influence than the free-shear type of correction. There is clearly a need for improved understanding and better overall physical modeling for turbulence models applied to hypersonic boundary-layer flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 48576575; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jan/Feb2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p11; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45350
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48576575&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, S. M.
T1  - High-Temperature Spectrometer for Thermal Protection System Radiation Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 28
SN  - 00224650
AB  - To better characterize the response of thermal protection system materials to predicted near-infrared shock layer radiation, a new experimental system was developed to extend the measurement range of radiation transport parameters to high-temperature environments and relatively high-radiation fluxes. A portable research-grade spectrometer was coupled with fiber optics in order to operate in a variety of harsh operating environments. Experimental results are presented from tests performed at the solar tower, which provided broadband nonpulsed visible and infrared radiation at relatively high-flux levels. Data from three low-density porous refractory fibrous materials are presented, including two shuttle the materials (fibrous refractory composite insulation and Lockheed International) and one carbon fiber material. The results showed that thin 1 and 2 mm specimens of the ceramic tile materials acted as robust high-temperature gray filters in the near infrared, whereas thicker tile specimens (and 1 mm and thicker porous carbon fiber matrix samples tested) absorbed the incident radiation strongly and exhibited only thermal radiation spectral profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - FIBER optics
KW  - NEUTRAL density filters
KW  - CARBON fibers
N1  - Accession Number: 48576576; White, S. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p21; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: FIBER optics; Subject Term: NEUTRAL density filters; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45222
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48576576&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaier, James R.
AU  - Siamidis, John
AU  - Larkin, Elizabeth M. G.
T1  - Effect of Simulated Lunar Dust on the Properties of Thermal Control Surfaces.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 152
SN  - 00224650
AB  - NASA Johnson Space Center's lunar simulant JSC-1AF has been applied to a white thermal control paint and a second-surface mirror thermal control surfaces on aluminum or composite substrates in a simulated lunar environment. The temperature of these surfaces was monitored as they were heated with a solar simulator and cooled in a 30 K cold box. Thermal modeling was used to determine the absorptivity (α) and emissivity (ε) of the thermal control surfaces in both their clean and dusted states. Then, a known amount of power was applied to the samples while in the cold box and the steady-state temperatures measured. It was found that even a submonolayer of simulated lunar dust can significantly degrade the performance of both white paint and second-surface mirror type radiators under simulated lunar conditions. Contrary to earlier studies, dust was found to affect ε as well as α. Dust lowered the emissivity by as much as 16 % in the case of the white thermal control paint and raised it by as much as 11% in the case of the second-surface mirror. The degradation of thermal control surface by dust as measured by alpha;/ε rose monotonically regardless of the thermal control coating or substrate, and extrapolated to degradation by a factor 3 at full coverage by dust. Submonolayer coatings of dust were found to not significantly change the steady-state temperature at which a shadowed thermal control surface will radiate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - TEMPERATURE control
KW  - PAINT
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - EMISSIVITY
N1  - Accession Number: 48576587; Gaier, James R. 1 Siamidis, John 1 Larkin, Elizabeth M. G. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106; Source Info: Jan/Feb2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p147; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE control; Subject Term: PAINT; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424950 Paint, Varnish, and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444120 Paint and Wallpaper Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41785
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48576587&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scott, James R.
AU  - Martini, Michael C.
T1  - High-Speed Solution of Spacecraft Trajectory Problems Using Taylor Series Integration.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/01//Jan/Feb2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 202
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors on the reliability and speed of using Taylor series (TS) in analysis of spacecraft trajectory problems versus Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF). It provides an overview on the equations used to derive spacecraft motion and Taylor series. It has found that TS is 16.6 faster than RKF in terms of central processing unit (CPU) times. TS was also accurate in 87.5% of the cases than RKF.
KW  - STATISTICAL reliability
KW  - TAYLOR'S series
KW  - RUNGE-Kutta formulas
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Aerodynamics
KW  - COPROCESSORS
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - EQUATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 48576592; Scott, James R. 1 Martini, Michael C. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Analex Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan/Feb2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p199; Subject Term: STATISTICAL reliability; Subject Term: TAYLOR'S series; Subject Term: RUNGE-Kutta formulas; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: COPROCESSORS; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.43459
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48576592&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Usabiaga, Jorge
AU  - Erol, Ali
AU  - Bebis, George
AU  - Boyle, Richard
AU  - Twombly, Xander
T1  - Global hand pose estimation by multiple camera ellipse tracking.
JO  - Machine Vision & Applications
JF  - Machine Vision & Applications
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09328092
AB  - Immersive virtual environments with life-like interaction capabilities have very demanding requirements including high-precision motion capture and high-processing speed. These issues raise many challenges for computer vision-based motion estimation algorithms. In this study, we consider the problem of hand tracking using multiple cameras and estimating its 3D global pose (i.e., position and orientation of the palm). Our interest is in developing an accurate and robust algorithm to be employed in an immersive virtual training environment, called “Virtual GloveboX” (VGX) (Twombly et al. in J Syst Cybern Inf 2:30–34, 2005), which is currently under development at NASA Ames. In this context, we present a marker-based, hand tracking and 3D global pose estimation algorithm that operates in a controlled, multi-camera, environment built to track the user’s hand inside VGX. The key idea of the proposed algorithm is tracking the 3D position and orientation of an elliptical marker placed on the dorsal part of the hand using model-based tracking approaches and active camera selection. It should be noted that, the use of markers is well justified in the context of our application since VGX naturally allows for the use of gloves without disrupting the fidelity of the interaction. Our experimental results and comparisons illustrate that the proposed approach is more accurate and robust than related approaches. A byproduct of our multi-camera ellipse tracking algorithm is that, with only minor modifications, the same algorithm can be used to automatically re-calibrate (i.e., fine-tune) the extrinsic parameters of a multi-camera system leading to more accurate pose estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Machine Vision & Applications is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - PATTERN recognition systems
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Ellipse tracking
KW  - Hand pose estimation
KW  - Model-based tracking
KW  - Virtual environments
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 44580578; Usabiaga, Jorge 1; Email Address: usabiaga@cse.unr.edu Erol, Ali 1; Email Address: aerol@cse.unr.edu Bebis, George 1; Email Address: bebis@cse.unr.edu Boyle, Richard 2; Email Address: rboyle@mail.arc.nasa.gov Twombly, Xander 2; Email Address: xtwombly@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computer Vision Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno 89557 USA  2: BioVis Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: PATTERN recognition systems; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ellipse tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hand pose estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-based tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual environments; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00138-008-0137-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44580578&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martinez, Javier
AU  - Erol, Ali
AU  - Bebis, George
AU  - Boyle, Richard
AU  - Twombly, Xander
T1  - Integrating perceptual level of detail with head-pose estimation and its uncertainty.
JO  - Machine Vision & Applications
JF  - Machine Vision & Applications
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 21
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 83
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09328092
AB  - Immersive virtual environments with life-like interaction capabilities can provide a high fidelity view of the virtual world and seamless interaction methods to the user. High demanding requirements, however, raise many challenges in the development of sensing technologies and display systems. The focus of this study is on improving the performance of human–computer interaction by rendering optimizations guided by head pose estimates and their uncertainties. This work is part of a larger study currently being under investigation at NASA Ames, called “Virtual GloveboX” (VGX). VGX is a virtual simulator that aims to provide advanced training and simulation capabilities for astronauts to perform precise biological experiments in a glovebox aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Our objective is to enhance the virtual experience by incorporating information about the user’s viewing direction into the rendering process. In our system, viewing direction is approximated by estimating head orientation using markers placed on a pair of polarized eye-glasses. Using eye-glasses does not pose any constraints in our operational environment since they are an integral part of a stereo display used in VGX. During rendering, perceptual level of detail methods are coupled with head-pose estimation to improve the visual experience. A key contribution of our work is incorporating head pose estimation uncertainties into the level of detail computations to account for head pose estimation errors. Subject tests designed to quantify user satisfaction under different modes of operation indicate that incorporating uncertainty information during rendering improves the visual experience of the user. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Machine Vision & Applications is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Head-pose estimation
KW  - Perceptual level of detail
KW  - Uncertainty estimation
KW  - Virtual environments
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 44580579; Martinez, Javier 1; Email Address: javier@cse.unr.edu Erol, Ali 1; Email Address: aerol@cse.unr.edu Bebis, George 1; Email Address: bebis@cse.unr.edu Boyle, Richard 2; Email Address: rboyle@mail.arc.nasa.gov Twombly, Xander 2; Email Address: xtwombly@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computer Vision Laboratory, University of Nevada, Reno 89557 USA  2: BioVis Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p69; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Head-pose estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perceptual level of detail; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virtual environments; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 9 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00138-008-0142-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=44580579&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woudt, P. A.
AU  - Warner, B.
AU  - O'Donoghue, D.
AU  - Buckley, D. A. H.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Romero-Colemero, E.
AU  - Väisänen, P.
T1  - Dwarf nova oscillations and quasi-periodic oscillations in cataclysmic variables – VIII. VW Hyi in outburst observed with the Southern African Large Telescope.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 401
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 500
EP  - 506
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We analyse four light curves obtained at high time resolution (∼0.1 s) with the 11-m Southern African Large Telescope, at the ends of two normal outbursts and one superoutburst of the dwarf nova VW Hyi. All of these contain at least some Dwarf Nova Oscillations (DNOs), which, when at their highest amplitudes, are seen in unprecedented detail. In addition to the expected DNOs with periods >20 s, we find a previously unknown modulation at 13.39 s, but none at shorter periods. The various DNOs and their interaction with the longer period quasi-periodic oscillations are interpreted in terms of the model of magnetically controlled flow from an accretion disc proposed earlier in this series of papers. Our observations include rare DNOs very late in outburst; we find that the fundamental period does not increase beyond ∼90 s, which is the same value that the independent ‘longer period DNOs’ converge on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF novae
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - accretion
KW  - accretion discs
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - cataclysmic variables
KW  - novae
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: dwarf novae
KW  - stars: individual: VW Hyi
KW  - stars: oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 46804672; Woudt, P. A. 1; Email Address: Patrick.Woudt@uct.ac.za Warner, B. 1,2 O'Donoghue, D. 3 Buckley, D. A. H. 3 Still, M. 3,4 Romero-Colemero, E. 3 Väisänen, P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa.  2: School of Physics and Astronomy, Southampton University, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ.  3: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 401 Issue 1, p500; Subject Term: DWARF novae; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: dwarf novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: VW Hyi; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15666.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diver, D. A.
AU  - da Costa, A. A.
AU  - Laing, E. W.
AU  - Stark, C. R.
AU  - Teodoro, L. F. A.
T1  - On the surface extraction of electrons in a pulsar.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 401
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 613
EP  - 620
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present a novel description of how energetic electrons may be ejected from the pulsar interior into the atmosphere, based on the collective electrostatic oscillations of interior electrons confined to move parallel to the magnetic field. The size of the interior magnetic field influences the interior plasma frequency, via the associated matter density compression. The plasma oscillations occur close to the regions of maximum magnetic field curvature, that is close to the magnetic poles where the majority of magnetic flux emerges. Given that these oscillations have a density-dependent maximum amplitude before wavebreaking occurs, such waves can eject energetic electrons using only the self-field of the electron population in the interior. Moreover, photons emitted by electrons in the bulk of the oscillation can escape along the field lines by virtue of the lower opacity there (and the fact that they are emitted predominantly in this direction), leading to features in the spectra of pulsars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSARS
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - RADIATION sources
KW  - EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment
KW  - MAGNETIC pole
KW  - acceleration of particles
KW  - plasmas
KW  - pulsars: general
N1  - Accession Number: 46804657; Diver, D. A. 1; Email Address: diver@astro.gla.ac.uk da Costa, A. A. 1,2 Laing, E. W. 1 Stark, C. R. 1,3 Teodoro, L. F. A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ.  2: Secção de Telecomunicaç ões, DEEC, Instituto Superior Técnico-UTL, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.  3: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Mathematical Institute, St Andrews KY16 9SS.  4: ELORET Corp., Space Sciences and Astrobiology Division, MS 254-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94935-1000, USA.; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 401 Issue 1, p613; Subject Term: PULSARS; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: RADIATION sources; Subject Term: EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment; Subject Term: MAGNETIC pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: acceleration of particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsars: general; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15684.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemeth, Noel N.
AU  - Bratton, Robert L.
T1  - Overview of statistical models of fracture for nonirradiated nuclear-graphite components
JO  - Nuclear Engineering & Design
JF  - Nuclear Engineering & Design
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 240
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 29
SN  - 00295493
AB  - Abstract: Nuclear-grade (low-impurity) graphite for the fuel element and moderator material for Next Generation (Gen IV) Reactors displays large scatter in strength and a nonlinear stress–strain response from damage accumulation. This response can be characterized as quasi-brittle. In this review, relevant statistical failure models for various brittle and quasi-brittle material systems are discussed with regard to strength distribution, size effect, multiaxial strength, and damage accumulation. This includes descriptions of the Weibull, Batdorf, and Burchell models as well as models that describe the strength response of composite materials, which involves distributed damage. Results from lattice simulations are included for a physics-based description of material breakdown. Consideration is given to the predicted transition between brittle and quasi-brittle damage behavior versus the density of damage (level of disorder) within the material system. The literature indicates that weakest-link-based failure modeling approaches appear to be reasonably robust in that they can be applied to materials that display distributed damage, provided that the level of disorder in the material is not too large. The Weibull distribution is argued to be the most appropriate statistical distribution to model the stochastic strength response of graphite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Engineering & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STATISTICAL physics
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - NUCLEAR fuel elements
KW  - NUCLEAR reactors
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
N1  - Accession Number: 46752819; Nemeth, Noel N. 1; Email Address: Noel.N.Nemeth@nasa.gov Bratton, Robert L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 240 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STATISTICAL physics; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fuel elements; Subject Term: NUCLEAR reactors; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2009.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Booth-Morrison, Christopher
AU  - Zhou, Yang
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - On the nanometer scale phase separation of a low-supersaturation Ni-Al-Cr alloy.
JO  - Philosophical Magazine
JF  - Philosophical Magazine
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 90
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
EP  - 235
SN  - 14786435
AB  - The phase separation of a Ni-6.5 Al-9.5 Cr at. % alloy aged at 873 K was studied by atom-probe tomography and compared to the predictions of classical precipitation models. Phase separation in this alloy occurs in four distinct regimes: (i) quasi-stationary-state γ'(L12)-precipitate nucleation; (ii) concomitant precipitate nucleation, growth and coagulation and coalescence; (iii) concurrent growth and coarsening, wherein coarsening occurs via both γ'-precipitate coagulation and coalescence and by the classical evaporation-condensation mechanism; and (iv) quasi-stationary-state coarsening of γ'-precipitates, once the equilibrium volume fraction of precipitates is achieved. The predictions of classical nucleation and growth models are not validated experimentally, likely due to the complexity of the atomistic kinetic pathways involved in precipitation. During coarsening, the temporal evolution of the γ'-precipitate average radius, number density and the γ(fcc)-matrix and γ'-precipitate supersaturations follow the predictions of classical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - PHASE rule & equilibrium
KW  - atom probe tomography
KW  - nanostructure
KW  - nickel-based superalloy
KW  - phase decomposition
KW  - temporal evolution
N1  - Accession Number: 49146822; Booth-Morrison, Christopher 1 Zhou, Yang 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Seidman, David N. 1,3; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  3: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA.; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 90 Issue 1-4, p219; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: PHASE rule & equilibrium; Author-Supplied Keyword: atom probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: nickel-based superalloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: temporal evolution; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14786430902806660
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldblatt, C.
AU  - Zahnle, K. J.
AU  - Sleep, N. H.
AU  - Nisbet, E. G.
T1  - The Eons of Chaos and Hades.
JO  - Solid Earth
JF  - Solid Earth
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
SN  - 18699510
AB  - The article focuses on the use of Chaotian Eon to define the geological time from the formation of the Solar System to the origin of the moon. It states that the formation of moon started with the major impact between the proto-Earth and Mars-size body. It also mentions the proposal of Hadean Eon, which is divided into three eras such as Palaeo-, Meso-, and Neohadean, and began when Theia, the moon-forming impact and Roman Earth Goddess collided forming the Earth-Moon System.
KW  - GEOCHRONOMETRY
KW  - MOON
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - CHRONOLOGY
KW  - ORIGIN
N1  - Accession Number: 51300699; Goldblatt, C. 1; Email Address: colin.goldblatt@nasa.gov Zahnle, K. J. 1 Sleep, N. H. 2 Nisbet, E. G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: School of Earth Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  3: Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GEOCHRONOMETRY; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: CHRONOLOGY; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, M.
AU  - Brylow, S.
AU  - Tschimmel, M.
AU  - Humm, D.
AU  - Lawrence, S.
AU  - Thomas, P.
AU  - Denevi, B.
AU  - Bowman-Cisneros, E.
AU  - Zerr, J.
AU  - Ravine, M.
AU  - Caplinger, M.
AU  - Ghaemi, F.
AU  - Schaffner, J.
AU  - Malin, M.
AU  - Mahanti, P.
AU  - Bartels, A.
AU  - Anderson, J.
AU  - Tran, T.
AU  - Eliason, E.
AU  - McEwen, A.
T1  - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Instrument Overview.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 150
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 124
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and Narrow Angle Cameras (NACs) are on the NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). The WAC is a 7-color push-frame camera (100 and 400 m/pixel visible and UV, respectively), while the two NACs are monochrome narrow-angle linescan imagers (0.5 m/pixel). The primary mission of LRO is to obtain measurements of the Moon that will enable future lunar human exploration. The overarching goals of the LROC investigation include landing site identification and certification, mapping of permanently polar shadowed and sunlit regions, meter-scale mapping of polar regions, global multispectral imaging, a global morphology base map, characterization of regolith properties, and determination of current impact hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - MULTISPECTRAL imaging
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Camera
KW  - Instrument
KW  - LRO
KW  - LROC
KW  - Lunar
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 48731974; Robinson, M. 1; Email Address: mrobinson@ser.asu.edu Brylow, S. 2 Tschimmel, M. 1 Humm, D. 3 Lawrence, S. 1 Thomas, P. 4 Denevi, B. 1 Bowman-Cisneros, E. 1 Zerr, J. 2 Ravine, M. 2 Caplinger, M. 2 Ghaemi, F. 5 Schaffner, J. 2 Malin, M. 2 Mahanti, P. 1 Bartels, A. 6 Anderson, J. 7 Tran, T. 1 Eliason, E. 8 McEwen, A. 8; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.  2: Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA, USA.  3: Space Instrument Calibration Consulting, Annapolis, MD, USA.  4: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.  5: Tony Ghaemi Optical Engineering, San Diego, CA, USA.  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.  7: Astrogeology Branch, United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ, USA.  8: Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 150 Issue 1-4, p81; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: MULTISPECTRAL imaging; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Camera; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrument; Author-Supplied Keyword: LRO; Author-Supplied Keyword: LROC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 9 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-010-9634-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nozette, Stewart
AU  - Spudis, Paul
AU  - Bussey, Ben
AU  - Jensen, Robert
AU  - Raney, Keith
AU  - Winters, Helene
AU  - Lichtenberg, Christopher L.
AU  - Marinelli, William
AU  - Crusan, Jason
AU  - Gates, Michele
AU  - Robinson, Mark
T1  - The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) Technology Demonstration.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2010/01//
VL  - 150
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 285
EP  - 302
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) system is manifested on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) as a technology demonstration and an extended mission science instrument. Mini-RF represents a significant step forward in spaceborne RF technology and architecture. It combines synthetic aperture radar (SAR) at two wavelengths (S-band and X-band) and two resolutions (150 m and 30 m) with interferometric and communications functionality in one lightweight (16 kg) package. Previous radar observations (Earth-based, and one bistatic data set from Clementine) of the permanently shadowed regions of the lunar poles seem to indicate areas of high circular polarization ratio (CPR) consistent with volume scattering from volatile deposits (e.g. water ice) buried at shallow (0.1–1 m) depth, but only at unfavorable viewing geometries, and with inconclusive results. The LRO Mini-RF utilizes new wideband hybrid polarization architecture to measure the Stokes parameters of the reflected signal. These data will help to differentiate “true” volumetric ice reflections from “false” returns due to angular surface regolith. Additional lunar science investigations (e.g. pyroclastic deposit characterization) will also be attempted during the LRO extended mission. LRO’s lunar operations will be contemporaneous with India’s Chandrayaan-1, which carries the Forerunner Mini-SAR (S-band wavelength and 150-m resolution), and bistatic radar (S-Band) measurements may be possible. On orbit calibration, procedures for LRO Mini-RF have been validated using Chandrayaan 1 and ground-based facilities (Arecibo and Greenbank Radio Observatories). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - OPTICAL measurements
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - Lunar poles
KW  - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
KW  - Mini RF
N1  - Accession Number: 48731971; Nozette, Stewart 1 Spudis, Paul 1 Bussey, Ben 2; Email Address: Ben.Bussey@jhuapl.edu Jensen, Robert 2 Raney, Keith 2 Winters, Helene 2 Lichtenberg, Christopher L. 3 Marinelli, William 4 Crusan, Jason 4 Gates, Michele 4 Robinson, Mark 5; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058, USA.  2: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.  3: Naval Air Warfare Center, China Lake, CA 93555, USA.  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, USA.  5: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 150 Issue 1-4, p285; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: OPTICAL measurements; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar poles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mini RF; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 11 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-009-9607-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Haque, Obaidul
AU  - Micijevic, Esad
AU  - Barsi, Julia A.
T1  - A Procedure for Radiometric Recalibration of Landsat 5 TM Reflective-Band Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2010/01/02/Jan2010 Part 2 of 2
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 574
SN  - 01962892
AB  - From the Landsat program's inception in 1972 to the present, the Earth science user community has been benefiting from a historical record of remotely sensed data. The multispectral data from the Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM) sensor provide the backbone for this extensive archive. Historically, the radiometric calibration procedure for the L5 TM imagery used the detectors' response to the internal calibrator (IC) on a scene-by-scene basis to determine the gain and offset for each detector. The IC system degraded with time, causing radiometric calibration errors up to 20%. In May 2003, the L5 TM data processed and distributed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center through the National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS) were updated to use a lifetime lookup-table (LUT) gain model to radiometrically calibrate TM data instead of using scene-specific IC gains. Further modification of the gain model was performed in 2007. The L5 TM data processed using IC prior to the calibration update do not benefit from the recent calibration revisions. A procedure has been developed to give users the ability to recalibrate their existing level-1 products. The best recalibration results are obtained if the work-order report that was included in the original standard data product delivery is available. However, if users do not have the original work-order report, the IC trends can be used for recalibration. The IC trends were generated using the radiometric gain trends recorded in the NLAPS database. This paper provides the details of the recalibration procedure for the following: 1) data processed using IC where users have the work-order file; 2) data processed using IC where users do not have the work-order file; 3) data processed using prelaunch calibration parameters; and 4) data processed using the previous version of the LUT (e.g., LUT03) that was released before April 2, 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Bias
KW  - calibration
KW  - gain
KW  - internal calibrator (IC)
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM)
KW  - Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)
KW  - lookup table (LUT)
KW  - National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS)
KW  - recalibration
KW  - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
KW  - GEOLOGICAL Survey (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 48041771; Chander, Gyanesh 1; Email Address: gchander@usgs.gov Haque, Obaidul 1 Micijevic, Esad 1 Barsi, Julia A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies (SGT), Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Source Info: Jan2010 Part 2 of 2, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p556; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bias; Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: gain; Author-Supplied Keyword: internal calibrator (IC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat 5 (L5) Thematic Mapper (TM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+); Author-Supplied Keyword: lookup table (LUT); Author-Supplied Keyword: National Landsat Archive Production System (NLAPS); Author-Supplied Keyword: recalibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); Company/Entity: GEOLOGICAL Survey (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2009.2026166
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48041771&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lambin, Juliette
AU  - Morrow, Rosemary
AU  - Lee-Lueng Fu
AU  - Willis, Josh K.
AU  - Bonekamp, Hans
AU  - Lillibridge, John
AU  - Perbos, Jacqueline
AU  - Zaouche, Gérard
AU  - Vaze, Parag
AU  - Bannoura, Walid
AU  - Parisot, François
AU  - Thouvenot, Eric
AU  - Coutin-Faye, Sophie
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric
AU  - Mignogno, Mike
T1  - The OSTM/Jason-2 Mission.
JO  - Marine Geodesy
JF  - Marine Geodesy
Y1  - 2010/01/02/
VL  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 25
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01490419
AB  - The Ocean Surface Topography Mission/Jason-2 (OSTM/Jason-2) satellite altimetry mission was successfully launched on June 20, 2008, as a cooperative mission between CNES, EUMETSAT, NASA, and NOAA. OSTM/Jason-2 will continue to precisely measure the surface topography of the oceans and continental surface waters, following on the same orbit as its predecessors, TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1. To maintain the high-accuracy measurements, the mission carries a dual-frequency altimeter, a three-frequency microwave radiometer, and three precise positioning systems. The objectives of the mission are both operational and scientific. The mission will provide near-real time high-precision altimetric measurements for integration into ocean forecasting models and other products. The mission will also extend the precise surface topography time series started by TOPEX/Poseidon in 1992 over two decades in order to study long-term ocean variations such as mean sea level variations and interannual and decadal oscillations. The measurement system has been adapted to provide quality data nearer to the coasts, and over lakes and rivers. This paper provides an overview of the OSTM/Jason-2 mission in terms of the system design and a brief introduction to the science objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Geodesy is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUBMARINE topography
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - ALTIMETERS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - operational oceanography
KW  - Satellite altimetry
KW  - sea level
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 52815373; Lambin, Juliette 1 Morrow, Rosemary 2; Email Address: Rosemary.Morrow@legos.obs-mip.fr Lee-Lueng Fu 3 Willis, Josh K. 3 Bonekamp, Hans 4 Lillibridge, John 5 Perbos, Jacqueline 1 Zaouche, Gérard 1 Vaze, Parag 3 Bannoura, Walid 5 Parisot, François 4 Thouvenot, Eric 1 Coutin-Faye, Sophie 1 Lindstrom, Eric 6 Mignogno, Mike 5; Affiliation:  1: Centre National des Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France.  2: Laboratoire des Etudes en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale (LEGOS), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, Toulouse, France.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.  4: European Organization for Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Darmstadt, Germany.  5: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington, D.C., USA.; Source Info: Supplement 2010, Vol. 33, p4; Subject Term: SUBMARINE topography; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: ALTIMETERS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: operational oceanography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea level; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01490419.2010.491030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52815373&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wintucky, E. G.
AU  - Simons, R. N.
AU  - Chevalier, C. T.
AU  - Freeman, J. C.
T1  - Ka-band high efficiency asymmetric MMIC power combiner for space communications.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2010/01/07/
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 93
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 00135194
AB  - A novel Ka-band (32.05±0.25 GHz) high efficiency asymmetric waveguide four-port combiner for coherent combining of two monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers having unequal outputs has been successfully designed, fabricated and characterised. The measured combiner efficiency is greater than 90%, the return loss greater than 18 dB and isolation greater than 22 dB. Applications considered are NASA's space communications systems needing 8–15 W of RF power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - POWER amplifiers
KW  - MICROWAVE circuits
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
N1  - Accession Number: 47416332; Wintucky, E. G. 1; Email Address: Edwin.G.Wintucky@nasa.gov Simons, R. N. 1 Chevalier, C. T. 2 Freeman, J. C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  2: QinetiQ North America, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: 1/7/2010, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p91; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: POWER amplifiers; Subject Term: MICROWAVE circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2010.2742
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47416332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, M. S.
T1  - THE ATMOSPHERES OF EXTRASOLAR PLANETS.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2010/01/08/
VL  - 41
M3  - Article
SP  - 411
EP  - 428
SN  - 16334760
AB  - The characteristics of irradiated solar system planetary atmospheres have been studied for decades. Modern planetary science benefits from an exhaustive body of ground- and space-based data. The study of extrasolar planetary atmospheres, by contrast, is in its infancy and currently rests on a few score of datapoints, mostly of the transiting planets. As the study of exoplanetary atmospheres blossoms, it is well worth remembering lessons learned from the solar system. In this contribution, based on my Les Houches lecture on exoplanet atmospheres, I briefly review a few of the key concepts relevant to understanding planetary atmospheres and point to examples both in our own solar system and among the exoplanets. This short survey aims not to review the field but rather stresses the importance of understanding the structure, dynamics, cloud processes and photochemistry of planetary atmospheres and points the reader towards useful reference works. Here I particularly explain the importance of cloud and photochemical processes in controlling the spectra and albedos of extrasolar planets and urge that care be taken in the interpretation of exoplanet colors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ORIGIN
N1  - Accession Number: 102444522; Marley, M. S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 41, p411; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1041034
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102444522&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chamoire, A.
AU  - Gascoin, F.
AU  - Estournès, C.
AU  - Caillat, T.
AU  - Tédenac, J.-C.
T1  - High-temperature transport properties of complex antimonides with anti-Th3P4structure.
JO  - Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
JF  - Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
Y1  - 2010/01/11/
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1118
EP  - 1123
SN  - 14779226
AB  - Polycrystalline samples of R4Sb3(R = La, Ce, Sm and Yb) and Yb4−xR′xSb3(R′ = Sm and La) have been quantitatively synthesized by high-temperature reaction. They crystallize in the anti-Th3P4structure type (I43d, no. 220). Structural and chemical characterizations have been performed by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Powders have been densified by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at 1300 °C under 50 MPa of pressure. Transport property measurements show that these compounds are n-type with low Seebeck coefficient except for Yb4Sb3that shows a typical metallic behavior with hole conduction. By partially substituting Yb by a trivalent rare earth we successfully improved the thermoelectric figure of merit of Yb4−xR′xSb3up to 0.75 at 1000 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Dalton Transactions: An International Journal of Inorganic Chemistry is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL complexes
KW  - METALS -- Transport properties
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - ANTIMONY compounds
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 47528097; Chamoire, A. 1 Gascoin, F. 2 Estournès, C. 2 Caillat, T. 3 Tédenac, J.-C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier  2: CIRIMAT  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 39 Issue 4, p1118; Subject Term: METAL complexes; Subject Term: METALS -- Transport properties; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: ANTIMONY compounds; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47528097&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, S.M.
AU  - Baumgardner, J.
AU  - Mertens, C.J.
AU  - Russell, J.M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
AU  - Mendillo, M.
T1  - Mesospheric OH temperatures: Simultaneous ground-based and SABER OH measurements over Millstone Hill
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/01/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 239
EP  - 246
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We present rotational temperature measurements of the mesospheric OH emission layer using a meridional imaging spectrograph at Millstone Hill (42.6°N, 72.5°W). The system is equipped with a state-of-the-art bare-CCD detector and can yield simultaneous quasi-meridional images of the mesospheric OH and O2 intensity and temperature fields at 87 and 94km altitude during the course of each night. A cross-validation study of the rotational OH temperature measurements obtained on 61 nights during the autumnal months of 2005–2007 was undertaken with near-simultaneous kinetic temperature measurements made by the SABER instrument aboard the NASA TIMED satellite during overpasses of Millstone Hill. Excellent agreement was obtained between the two datasets with the small differences being attributable to differences in the spatial and temporal averaging inherent between the two datasets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - OH airglow
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Hydroxyl
KW  - Mesosphere
KW  - Nightglow
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Spectrograph
KW  - Temperatures
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47466228; Smith, S.M. 1; Email Address: smsm@bu.edu Baumgardner, J. 1 Mertens, C.J. 2 Russell, J.M. 3 Mlynczak, M.G. 2 Mendillo, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, United States; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p239; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: OH airglow; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nightglow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectrograph; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperatures; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.09.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47466228&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malone, Jessica L.
AU  - Castro, M. Clara
AU  - Hall, Chris M.
AU  - Doran, Peter T.
AU  - Kenig, Fabien
AU  - McKay, Chris P.
T1  - New insights into the origin and evolution of Lake Vida, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica — A noble gas study in ice and brines
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2010/01/15/
VL  - 289
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 122
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Unlike other lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica, Lake Vida has a thick (~19m) ice cover sealing a liquid brine body of unusually high salinity (~245g/L) from the atmosphere. To constrain the conditions under which the atypical Lake Vida ice cover formed and evolved, 19 ice samples were collected down to a depth of ~14m, together with three brine samples trapped in the ice at ~16m for analysis of helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon concentrations. The broad pattern of noble gas concentrations for Lake Vida samples is fundamentally different from that of air saturated water (ASW) at 0°C and an elevation of 340m for salinities of 0 (ice) and 245g/L (brine). Overall, ice samples are enriched in He and depleted in Ne with saturation relative to ASW averages of 1.38 and 0.82, respectively, and strongly depleted in Ar, Kr, and Xe with relative saturations of 0.10, 0.06, and 0.05, respectively. By contrast, brine samples are generally depleted in He and Ne (relative saturation averages of 0.33 and 0.27, respectively) but enriched in Ar, Kr, and Xe, with relative saturation averages of 1.45, 3.15, and 8.86, respectively. A three-phase freezing partitioning model generating brine, ice and bubble concentrations for all stable noble gases was tested and compared with our data. Measured brine values are best reproduced for a salinity value of 175g/L, a pressure of 1.1atm, and a bubble volume of 20cm3 kg−1. Sensitivity tests for ice+bubble samples show an ideal fit for bubble volumes of ~1–2cm3 kg−1. Our results show that the conditions under which ice and brine formed and evolved at Lake Vida are significantly different from other ice-covered lakes in the area. Our brine data suggest that Lake Vida may be transitioning from a wet to a dry-based lake, while the ice+bubble data suggest at least partial re-equilibration of residual liquid with the atmosphere as ice forms at the top of Lake Vida ice cover. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAKES
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EVOLUTION (Biology)
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - MICROBIAL sensitivity tests
KW  - GEOTHERMAL brines
KW  - KRYPTON
KW  - MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Lake Vida
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys
KW  - noble gases
KW  - three-phase partitioning model
N1  - Accession Number: 47361870; Malone, Jessica L. 1; Email Address: maloneje@umich.edu Castro, M. Clara 1; Email Address: mccastro@umich.edu Hall, Chris M. 1; Email Address: cmhall@umich.edu Doran, Peter T. 2; Email Address: pdoran@uic.edu Kenig, Fabien 2; Email Address: fkenig@uic.edu McKay, Chris P. 3; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Michigan, Department of Geological Sciences, 1100 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1063, USA  2: University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7059, USA  3: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 289 Issue 1/2, p112; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EVOLUTION (Biology); Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: MICROBIAL sensitivity tests; Subject Term: GEOTHERMAL brines; Subject Term: KRYPTON; Subject Term: MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lake Vida; Author-Supplied Keyword: McMurdo Dry Valleys; Author-Supplied Keyword: noble gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: three-phase partitioning model; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.10.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vogel, Marilyn B.
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Parenteau, Mary N.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Turk, Kendra A.
AU  - Kubo, Michael D.Y.
T1  - Biological influences on modern sulfates: Textures and composition of gypsum deposits from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico
JO  - Sedimentary Geology
JF  - Sedimentary Geology
Y1  - 2010/01/15/
VL  - 223
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 280
SN  - 00370738
AB  - Abstract: Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) deposits from a range of sedimentary environments at Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico were investigated for microscale texture and composition in order to differentiate features formed under substantial microbial influence from those for which microbial effects were relatively minor or absent. Gypsum deposits were classified according to their sedimentary environment, textures, crystal habit, brine composition and other geochemical factors. The environments studied included subaqueous sediments in anchialine pools and in solar salterns, as well as subsurface sediments of mudflats and saltpans. Gypsum that developed in the apparent absence of biofilms included crystals precipitated in the water column and subsedimentary discs that precipitated from phreatic brines. Subsedimentary gypsum developed in sabkha environments exhibited a sinuous microtexture and poikilitically enclosed detrital particles. Water column precipitates had euhedral prismatic habits and extensive penetrative twinning. Gypsum deposits influenced by biofilms included bottom nucleated crusts and gypsolites developing in anchialine pools and saltern ponds. Gypsum precipitating within benthic biofilms, and in biofilms within subaerial sediment surfaces provided compelling evidence of biological influences on crystal textures and habits. This evidence included irregular, high relief surface textures, accessory minerals (S°, Ca-carbonate, Sr/Ca-sulfate and Mg-hydroxide) and distinctive crystal habits such as equant forms and crystals having distorted prism faces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sedimentary Geology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - ROCKS -- Texture
KW  - GYPSUM
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - BIOFILMS
KW  - SALT pans (Geology)
KW  - GUERRERO (Mexico : State)
KW  - BAJA California Sur (Mexico)
KW  - MEXICO
KW  - Biofilm–mineral interactions
KW  - Biological influence
KW  - Carbonate replacement
KW  - Gypsum
KW  - Sabkha
KW  - Sulfates
N1  - Accession Number: 47826697; Vogel, Marilyn B. 1; Email Address: Marilyn.B.Vogel@nasa.gov Des Marais, David J. 2 Parenteau, Mary N. 3 Jahnke, Linda L. 2 Turk, Kendra A. 1 Kubo, Michael D.Y. 1; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 415 N. Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrobiology Branch N239-4, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, United States  3: Oak Ridge Associated Universities NPP, NASA/ARC Astrobiology Branch, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, United States; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 223 Issue 3/4, p265; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: ROCKS -- Texture; Subject Term: GYPSUM; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: BIOFILMS; Subject Term: SALT pans (Geology); Subject Term: GUERRERO (Mexico : State); Subject Term: BAJA California Sur (Mexico); Subject Term: MEXICO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofilm–mineral interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biological influence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbonate replacement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gypsum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sabkha; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212395 Gypsum mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2009.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zambrano, H. A.
AU  - Walther, J. H.
AU  - Jaffe, R. L.
T1  - Publisher’s Note: “Thermally driven molecular linear motors: A molecular dynamics study” [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 241104 (2009)].
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2010/01/21/
VL  - 132
IS  - 3
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 039901
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A correction to the article "Thermally Driven Molecular Linear Motors: A Molecular Dynamics Study," by J. H. Walther, R. L. Jaffe, and H. A. Zambrano, that was published in the December 29, 2009 issue of "Journal of Chemical Physics" is presented.
KW  - JOURNAL of Chemical Physics (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 47680150; Zambrano, H. A. 1 Walther, J. H. 1 Jaffe, R. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby,  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: 1/21/2010, Vol. 132 Issue 3, p039901; Reviews & Products: JOURNAL of Chemical Physics (Periodical); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1063/1.3298779
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47680150&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper, O. R.
AU  - Parrish, D. D.
AU  - Stohl, A.
AU  - Trainer, M.
AU  - Nédélec, P.
AU  - Thouret, V.
AU  - Cammas, J. P.
AU  - Oltmans, S. J.
AU  - Johnson, B. J.
AU  - Tarasick, D.
AU  - Leblanc, T.
AU  - McDermid, I. S.
AU  - Jaffe, D.
AU  - Gao, R.
AU  - Stith, J.
AU  - Ryerson, T.
AU  - Aikin, K.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Avery, M. A.
T1  - Increasing springtime ozone mixing ratios in the free troposphere over western North America.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2010/01/21/
VL  - 463
IS  - 7279
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
EP  - 348
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - In the lowermost layer of the atmosphere—the troposphere—ozone is an important source of the hydroxyl radical, an oxidant that breaks down most pollutants and some greenhouse gases. High concentrations of tropospheric ozone are toxic, however, and have a detrimental effect on human health and ecosystem productivity. Moreover, tropospheric ozone itself acts as an effective greenhouse gas. Much of the present tropospheric ozone burden is a consequence of anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors resulting in widespread increases in ozone concentrations since the late 1800s. At present, east Asia has the fastest-growing ozone precursor emissions. Much of the springtime east Asian pollution is exported eastwards towards western North America. Despite evidence that the exported Asian pollution produces ozone, no previous study has found a significant increase in free tropospheric ozone concentrations above the western USA since measurements began in the late 1970s. Here we compile springtime ozone measurements from many different platforms across western North America. We show a strong increase in springtime ozone mixing ratios during 1995–2008 and we have some additional evidence that a similar rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio has occurred since 1984. We find that the rate of increase in ozone mixing ratio is greatest when measurements are more heavily influenced by direct transport from Asia. Our result agrees with previous modelling studies, which indicate that global ozone concentrations should be increasing during the early part of the twenty-first century as a result of increasing precursor emissions, especially at northern mid-latitudes, with western North America being particularly sensitive to rising Asian emissions. We suggest that the observed increase in springtime background ozone mixing ratio may hinder the USA’s compliance with its ozone air quality standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - OZONESONDES
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - EAST Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 47623652; Cooper, O. R. 1,2; Email Address: owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov Parrish, D. D. 2 Stohl, A. 3 Trainer, M. 2 Nédélec, P. 4 Thouret, V. 4 Cammas, J. P. 4 Oltmans, S. J. 2 Johnson, B. J. 2 Tarasick, D. 5 Leblanc, T. 6 McDermid, I. S. 6 Jaffe, D. 7 Gao, R. 2 Stith, J. 8 Ryerson, T. 2 Aikin, K. 1,2 Campos, T. 9 Weinheimer, A. 9 Avery, M. A. 10; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA  2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA  3: Department of Regional and Global Pollution Issues, Norwegian Institute for Air Research, PO Box 100, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway  4: Laboratoire d'Aérologie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, 14 Avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France  5: Experimental Studies Research Division, Meteorological Service of Canada, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street, Downsview, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada  6: Table Mountain Facility, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 24490 Table Mountain Road, Wrightwood, California 92397-0367, USA  7: Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Chemistry, University of Washington-Bothell, 18115 Campus Way NE, Bothell, Washington 98011-8246, USA  8: NCAR Research Aviation Facility, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 10802 Airport Court, Broomfield, Colorado 80021, USA  9: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80305-3000, USA  10: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: 1/21/2010, Vol. 463 Issue 7279, p344; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: OZONESONDES; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: EAST Asia; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature08708
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yi, Wenhui
AU  - Malkovskiy, Andrey
AU  - Xu, Yongqian
AU  - Wang, Xiao-Qian
AU  - Sokolov, Alexei P.
AU  - Lebron-Colon, Marisabel
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
AU  - Pang, Yi
T1  - Polymer conformation-assisted wrapping of single-walled carbon nanotube: The impact of cis-vinylene linkage
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2010/01/21/
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
EP  - 481
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: A soluble π-conjugated polymer cis-PmPV is found to be twice as effective as its trans-PmPV isomer in dispersing SWNTs into organic solvents. The improved efficiency is related to the specific conformation of cis-vinylene-enriched PmPV, which facilitates a planar π–π interaction with SWNT surface and leads to improved nanotube dispersion. 1H NMR spectra indicate that the cis-CHare partially converted to the trans-CHby providing necessary conformational cavity for SWNT wrapping. Irradiation triggers a precipitation from SWNT dispersion, providing a purified SWNT/conjugated polymer composite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONJUGATED polymers
KW  - POLYENES
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CONFORMATIONAL analysis
KW  - OPTICAL isomers
KW  - ORGANIC solvents
KW  - NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - Conjugated polymer
KW  - Fluorescence
N1  - Accession Number: 47611095; Yi, Wenhui 1 Malkovskiy, Andrey 2 Xu, Yongqian 1 Wang, Xiao-Qian 3 Sokolov, Alexei P. 2 Lebron-Colon, Marisabel 4 Meador, Michael A. 4 Pang, Yi 1; Email Address: yp5@uakron.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, OH 44325, USA  2: Department of Polymer Science, University of Akron, OH 44325, USA  3: Department of Physics and Center for Functional, Nanoscale Materials, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA  4: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p475; Subject Term: CONJUGATED polymers; Subject Term: POLYENES; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: CONFORMATIONAL analysis; Subject Term: OPTICAL isomers; Subject Term: ORGANIC solvents; Subject Term: NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conjugated polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescence; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.11.052
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arentz, Robert
AU  - Reitsema, Harold
AU  - Van Cleve, Jeffrey
AU  - Linfield, Roger
T1  - NEO Survey: An Efficient Search for Near-Earth Objects by an IR Observatory in a Venus-like Orbit.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/01/28/
VL  - 1208
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 418
EP  - 429
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In 2003 NASA commissioned a Science Definition Team (SDT) (Stokes, et al., 2003) to study the threats posed by Near-Earth Objects (NEOs), recommend efficient methods for detecting NEOs down to 140 meters in diameter, and suggest conceptual mitigation techniques. In this same time frame, Congress set the goal of cataloguing 90% of all NEOs down to 140 meters diameter by 2020. The SDT concluded that the infrared passband from ∼5 to ∼11 microns is the best for finding NEOs; that an aperture of 50 centimeters is sufficient; and that locating a NEO-finding observatory in a Venus-like orbit is ideal. Since then, NASA and its industrial partners (such as Ball Aerospace) have flown two very NEO-relevant deep-space missions—the Spitzer Space Telescope and Kepler. Herein, a high-reliability, credibly-costed design is presented based on Spitzer and Kepler that meets the 90%/140-m/2020 requirements for about $600 M. This design will also detect about 85% of all >100 meter NEOs, about 70% of all >65 meter NEOs, and about 50% of all >50 meter NEOs. These smaller NEOs constitute a newly recognized threat regime that cannot be efficiently found from the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - NEAR-Earth objects
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Infrared NEO Detection
KW  - Low-Altitude Airbursts
KW  - Near-Earth Objects
KW  - PDC in Grenada
KW  - Planetary Defense
KW  - Requirements of the George E. Brown Bill
KW  - Spacebased NEO Survey
KW  - Spain
KW  - Venus-Like Orbits for NEO Detection
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47860136; Arentz, Robert 1; Email Address: rarentz@ball.com Reitsema, Harold 1; Email Address: hreitsema@aol.com Van Cleve, Jeffrey 2 Linfield, Roger 1; Email Address: rlinfiel@ball.com; Affiliation:  1: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., 1600 Commerce St., Boulder, CO 80301.  2: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, NS 244-30, Room 107G, Moffett Field, CA 94035.; Source Info: 1/28/2010, Vol. 1208 Issue 1, p418; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: NEAR-Earth objects; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared NEO Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-Altitude Airbursts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-Earth Objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: PDC in Grenada; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary Defense; Author-Supplied Keyword: Requirements of the George E. Brown Bill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacebased NEO Survey; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus-Like Orbits for NEO Detection; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3326270
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mohajeri, Nahid
AU  - T-Raissi, Ali
AU  - Bokerman, Gary
AU  - Captain, Janine E.
AU  - Peterson, Barbara V.
AU  - Whitten, Mary
AU  - Trigwell, Steve
AU  - Berger, Cristina
AU  - Brenner, James
T1  - TEM–XRD analysis of PdO particles on TiO2 support for chemochromic detection of hydrogen
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2010/01/29/
VL  - 144
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 208
EP  - 214
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: Safety is always a concern in all applications that utilize hydrogen (H2) in one form or another. Hydrogen leaks are invisible and odorless. In addition, blending odorants or additives into hydrogen in a manner similar to natural gas is generally undesirable for certain applications, including proton exchange membrane fuel cells. To facilitate detection of the location of hydrogen leaks, a special nonreversible chemochromic H2 sensing material that employs titania (TiO2) supported palladium oxide (PdO) pigments encapsulated within a special silicone matrix has been developed at the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) and field tested at National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center. Several batches of PdO hydrogen gas sensing pigments were synthesized using various TiO2 supports, and their hydrogen detection activity was determined. TEM and particle size distribution analysis showed that smaller particles with a hemispherical, crystalline structure produced faster coloration kinetics when exposed to H2 gas. However, agglomerated PdO particles on the TiO2 surface displayed greater color contrast. XRD analysis indicated that the crystalline phase of TiO2 had no effect on the chemochromic performance of the pigments in a laboratory environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - TITANIUM dioxide
KW  - LEAD oxides
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - NATURAL gas
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - Chemochromic hydrogen sensor
KW  - Pigment
KW  - Transmission Electron Microscope
KW  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 47950128; Mohajeri, Nahid 1; Email Address: nmohajeri@fsec.ucf.edu T-Raissi, Ali 1 Bokerman, Gary 1 Captain, Janine E. 2 Peterson, Barbara V. 3 Whitten, Mary 4 Trigwell, Steve 3 Berger, Cristina 4 Brenner, James 5; Affiliation:  1: Florida Solar Energy Center, University of Central Florida, 1679 Clearlake Rd., Cocoa, FL 32922, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, KT-D-2, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States  3: ASRC Aerospace, ASRC-15, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States  4: University of Central Florida, 12443 Research Parkway, Suite 302, Orlando, FL 32826, United States  5: Florida Institute of Technology, National Center for Hydrogen Research, Department of Chemical Engineering, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, United States; Source Info: Jan2010, Vol. 144 Issue 1, p208; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: TITANIUM dioxide; Subject Term: LEAD oxides; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: NATURAL gas; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemochromic hydrogen sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pigment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission Electron Microscope; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221210 Natural Gas Distribution; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2009.10.064
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47950128&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, George R.
AU  - Manzella, David H.
AU  - Kamhawi, Hani
AU  - Kremic, Tibor
AU  - Oleson, Steven R.
AU  - Dankanich, John W.
AU  - Dudzinski, Leonard A.
T1  - Radioisotope electric propulsion (REP): A near-term approach to nuclear propulsion
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 66
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 507
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Studies over the last decade have shown radioisotope-based nuclear electric propulsion to be enhancing and, in some cases, enabling for many potential robotic science missions. Also known as radioisotope electric propulsion (REP), the technology offers the performance advantages of traditional reactor-powered electric propulsion (i.e., high specific impulse propulsion at large distances from the Sun), but with much smaller, affordable spacecraft. Future use of REP requires development of radioisotope power sources with system specific powers well above that of current systems. The US Department of Energy and NASA have developed an advanced Stirling radioisotope generator (ASRG) engineering unit, which was subjected to rigorous flight qualification-level tests in 2008, and began extended lifetime testing later that year. This advancement, along with recent work on small ion thrusters and life extension technology for Hall thrusters, could enable missions using REP sometime during the next decade. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES in astronautics
KW  - NUCLEAR propulsion
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - advanced Stirling converter ( ASC )
KW  - advanced Stirling radioisotope generator ( ASRG )
KW  - astronomical unit ( AU )
KW  - Electric propulsion
KW  - engineering unit ( EU )
KW  - general purpose heat source ( GPHS )
KW  - Jupiter icy Moons orbiter ( JIMO )
KW  - multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator ( MMRTG )
KW  - NEP
KW  - Nuclear electric propulsion
KW  - nuclear electric propulsion (reactor-powered electric propulsion) ( NEP )
KW  - Nuclear power
KW  - power processing unit ( PPU )
KW  - Propulsion
KW  - Radioisotope electric propulsion
KW  - radioisotope electric propulsion ( REP )
KW  - Radioisotope power
KW  - radioisotope power system ( RPS )
KW  - radioisotope thermoelectric generator ( RTG )
KW  - REP
KW  - solar electric propulsion ( SEP )
KW  - specific impulse ( Isp )
KW  - technology readiness level ( TRL )
KW  - US Department of Energy ( DOE )
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Energy
N1  - Accession Number: 45414168; Schmidt, George R. 1; Email Address: George.Schmidt@nasa.gov Manzella, David H. 1; Email Address: David.Manzella@nasa.gov Kamhawi, Hani 1; Email Address: Hani.Kamhawi-1@nasa.gov Kremic, Tibor 1; Email Address: Tibor.Kremic@nasa.gov Oleson, Steven R. 1; Email Address: Steven.R.Oleson@nasa.gov Dankanich, John W. 2; Email Address: John.Dankanich@nasa.gov Dudzinski, Leonard A. 3; Email Address: Leonard.Dudzinski@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  2: Gray Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  3: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 66 Issue 3/4, p501; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES in astronautics; Subject Term: NUCLEAR propulsion; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: advanced Stirling converter ( ASC ); Author-Supplied Keyword: advanced Stirling radioisotope generator ( ASRG ); Author-Supplied Keyword: astronomical unit ( AU ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: engineering unit ( EU ); Author-Supplied Keyword: general purpose heat source ( GPHS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter icy Moons orbiter ( JIMO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: multi-mission radioisotope thermoelectric generator ( MMRTG ); Author-Supplied Keyword: NEP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: nuclear electric propulsion (reactor-powered electric propulsion) ( NEP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear power; Author-Supplied Keyword: power processing unit ( PPU ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radioisotope electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: radioisotope electric propulsion ( REP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Radioisotope power; Author-Supplied Keyword: radioisotope power system ( RPS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: radioisotope thermoelectric generator ( RTG ); Author-Supplied Keyword: REP; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar electric propulsion ( SEP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: specific impulse ( Isp ); Author-Supplied Keyword: technology readiness level ( TRL ); Author-Supplied Keyword: US Department of Energy ( DOE ); Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.07.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kurtoglu, Tolga
AU  - Swantner, Albert
AU  - Campbell, Matthew I.
T1  - Automating the conceptual design process: "From black box to component selection".
JO  - AI EDAM
JF  - AI EDAM
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 62
SN  - 08900604
AB  - Conceptual design is a vital part of the design process during which designers first envision new ideas and then synthesize them into physical configurations that meet certain design specifications. In this research, a suite of computational tools is developed that assists the designers in performing this nontrivial task of navigating the design space for creating conceptual design solutions. The methodology is based on automating the function-based synthesis paradigm by combining various computational methods. Accordingly, three nested search algorithms are developed and integrated to capture different design decisions at various stages of conceptual design. The implemented system provides a method for automatically generating novel alternative solutions to real design problems. The application of the approach to the design of an electromechanical device shows the method's range of capabilities and how it serves as a comparison to human conceptual design generation and as a tool suite to complement the skills of a designer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AI EDAM is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CAD/CAM systems -- Software
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - ARCHITECTURAL design
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - DESIGNERS
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL technology
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - Automated Design
KW  - Concept Generation
KW  - Functional Design
KW  - Graph Grammars
N1  - Accession Number: 47907076; Kurtoglu, Tolga 1; Email Address: tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov Swantner, Albert 2 Campbell, Matthew I. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mission Critical Technologies, NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: Automated Design Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p49; Subject Term: CAD/CAM systems -- Software; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: ARCHITECTURAL design; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: DESIGNERS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL technology; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automated Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Concept Generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional Design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graph Grammars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0890060409990163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mauldin, Roy
AU  - Kosciuch, Edward
AU  - Eisele, Fred
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Tanner, David
AU  - Sjostedt, Steve
AU  - Blake, Don
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Crawford, Jim
AU  - Davis, Douglas
T1  - South Pole Antarctica observations and modeling results: New insights on HOx radical and sulfur chemistry
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 572
EP  - 581
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Measurements of OH, H2SO4, and MSA at South Pole (SP) Antarctica were recorded as a part of the 2003 Antarctic Chemistry Investigation (ANTCI 2003). The time period 22 November, 2003–2 January, 2004 provided a unique opportunity to observe atmospheric chemistry at SP under both natural conditions as well as those uniquely defined by a solar eclipse event. Results under natural solar conditions generally confirmed those reported previously in the year 2000. In both years the major chemical driver leading to large scale fluctuations in OH was shifts in the concentration levels of NO. Like in 2000, however, the 2003 observational data were systematically lower than model predictions. This can be interpreted as indicating that the model mechanism is still missing a significant HOx sink reaction(s); or, alternatively, that the OH calibration source may have problems. Still a final possibility could involve the integrity of the OH sampling scheme which involved a fixed building site. As expected, during the peak in the solar eclipse both NO and OH showed large decreases in their respective concentrations. Interestingly, the observational OH profile could only be approximated by the model mechanism upon adding an additional HOx radical source in the form of snow emissions of CH2O and/or H2O2. This would lead one to think that either CH2O and/or H2O2 snow emissions represent a significant HOx radical source under summertime conditions at SP. Observations of H2SO4 and MSA revealed both species to be present at very low concentrations (e.g., 5 × 105 and 1 × 105 molec cm−3, respectively), but similar to those reported in 2000. The first measurements of SO2 at SP demonstrated a close coupling with the oxidation product H2SO4. The observed low concentrations of MSA appear to be counter to the most recent thinking by glacio-chemists who have suggested that the plateau''s lower atmosphere should have elevated levels of MSA. We speculate here that the absence of MSA may reflect efficient atmospheric removal mechanisms for this species involving either dynamical and/or chemical processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - HYDROGEN peroxide
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - SULFUR dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - HYDROXIDES
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Antarctic
KW  - ANTCI
KW  - H2SO4
KW  - Hydroxyl
KW  - MSA
KW  - OH
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Pole
KW  - SO2
KW  - Sulfuric
N1  - Accession Number: 47466730; Mauldin, Roy 1; Email Address: mauldin@ucar.edu Kosciuch, Edward 1 Eisele, Fred 1 Huey, Greg 2 Tanner, David 2 Sjostedt, Steve 2 Blake, Don 3 Chen, Gao 4 Crawford, Jim 4 Davis, Douglas 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, 1850 Table Mesa, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  3: University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p572; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROGEN peroxide; Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: HYDROXIDES; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: ANTCI; Author-Supplied Keyword: H2SO4; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSA; Author-Supplied Keyword: OH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfuric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.07.058
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gafiychuk, V.
AU  - Datsko, B.
T1  - Mathematical modeling of different types of instabilities in time fractional reaction-diffusion systems
JO  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
JF  - Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1101
EP  - 1107
SN  - 08981221
AB  - Abstract: In this article we investigate possible scenarios of pattern formations in reaction-diffusion systems with time fractional derivatives. Linear stability analysis is performed for different values of derivative orders. Results of qualitative analysis are confirmed by numerical simulations of specific partial differential equations. Most attention is paid to two models: a fractional order reaction diffusion system with Bonhoeffer–van der Pol kinetics and to the Brusselator model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Mathematics with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FRACTIONAL calculus
KW  - REACTION-diffusion equations
KW  - PARABOLIC differential equations
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - QUALITATIVE research
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - Dissipative structures
KW  - Fractional differential equations
KW  - Inhomogeneous oscillations
KW  - Reaction-diffusion system
N1  - Accession Number: 47646733; Gafiychuk, V. 1,2; Email Address: vagaf@yahoo.com Datsko, B. 3; Email Address: b_datsko@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: SGT Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Rd Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: Institute of Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Street 3 B, Lviv, 79053, Ukraine; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p1101; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FRACTIONAL calculus; Subject Term: REACTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: PARABOLIC differential equations; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE research; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissipative structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inhomogeneous oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction-diffusion system; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.05.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tayon, W.
AU  - Crooks, R.
AU  - Domack, M.
AU  - Wagner, J.
AU  - Elmustafa, A.
T1  - EBSD Study of Delamination Fracture in Al–Li Alloy 2090.
JO  - Experimental Mechanics
JF  - Experimental Mechanics
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 143
SN  - 00144851
AB  - Aluminum–lithium (Al–Li) alloys offer attractive combinations of high strength and low density for aerospace structural applications. However, a tendency for delamination fracture has limited their use. Identification of the metallurgical mechanisms controlling delamination may suggest processing modifications to minimize the occurrence of this mode of fracture. In the current study of Al–Li alloy 2090 plate, high quality electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) information has been used to evaluate grain boundary types exhibiting delamination fracture and characterize microtexture variations between surrounding grains. Delamination was frequently observed to occur between variants of the brass texture component, along near-Σ3, incoherent twin boundaries. EBSD analyses indicated a tendency for intense deformation along one side of the fractured boundary. A through-thickness plot of grain-specific Taylor factors showed that delaminations occurred along boundaries with the greatest difference in Taylor factors. Together, these suggest a lack of slip accommodation across the boundary, which promotes significantly higher deformation in one grain, and stress concentrations that result in delamination fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - ALLOYS -- Testing
KW  - METALLIC composites -- Fracture
KW  - STEEL -- Fracture
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - COMBINATORIAL analysis
KW  - Al–Li alloy
KW  - Al-Li alloy. EBSD
KW  - Delamination
KW  - EBSD
KW  - KAM
KW  - Kernel average misorientation
KW  - Kernel average misorientation .KAM
KW  - Taylor factor
KW  - Twin-related variants
N1  - Accession Number: 47410863; Tayon, W. 1; Email Address: wtayo001@odu.edu Crooks, R. 2 Domack, M. 3 Wagner, J. 3 Elmustafa, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Applied Research Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk 23529 USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton 23666 USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p135; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: ALLOYS -- Testing; Subject Term: METALLIC composites -- Fracture; Subject Term: STEEL -- Fracture; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al–Li alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Al-Li alloy. EBSD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: EBSD; Author-Supplied Keyword: KAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kernel average misorientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kernel average misorientation .KAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Taylor factor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Twin-related variants; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11340-008-9202-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Emery, Joshua P.
AU  - Kornei, Katherine A.
AU  - Bellucci, Giancarlo
AU  - d’Aversa, Emiliano
T1  - Eclipse reappearances of Io: Time-resolved spectroscopy (1.9–4.2μm)
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 205
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 516
EP  - 527
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We obtained time-resolved, near-infrared spectra of Io during the 60–90min following its reappearance from eclipse by Jupiter on five occasions in 2004. The purpose was to search for spectral changes, particularly in the well-known SO2 frost absorption bands, that would indicate surface–atmosphere exchange of gaseous SO2 induced by temperature changes during eclipse. These observations were a follow-on to eclipse spectroscopy observations in which Bellucci et al. [Bellucci et al., 2004. Icarus 172, 141–148] reported significant changes in the strengths of two strong SO2 bands in data acquired with the VIMS instrument aboard the Cassini spacecraft. One of the bands (4.07μm [ν 1 + ν 3]) observed by Bellucci et al. is visible from ground-based observatories and is included in our data. We detected no changes in Io’s spectrum at any of the five observed events during the approximately 60–90min during which spectra were obtained following Io’s emergence from Jupiter’s shadow. The areas of the three strongest SO2 bands in the region 3.5–4.15μm were measured for each spectrum; the variation of the band areas with time does not exceed that which can be explained by the Io’s few degrees of axial rotation during the intervals of observation, and in no case does the change in band strength approach that seen in the Cassini VIMS data. Our data are of sufficient quality and resolution to show the weak 2.198μm (4549.6cm−1) 4ν 1 band of SO2 frost on Io for what we believe is the first time. At one of the events (June 22, 2004), we began the acquisition of spectra ∼6min before Io reappeared from Jupiter’s shadow, during which time it was detected through its own thermal emission. No SO2 bands were superimposed on the purely thermal spectrum on this occasion, suggesting that the upper limit to condensed SO2 in the vertical column above Io’s surface was ∼4×10−5 gcm−2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sulfur dioxide
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - Io
KW  - IR spectroscopy ( Ices )
KW  - Surfaces ( Satellites )
N1  - Accession Number: 47832542; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov Emery, Joshua P. 2 Kornei, Katherine A. 3 Bellucci, Giancarlo 4 d’Aversa, Emiliano 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  3: Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  4: INAF-IFSI, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Area Ricerca Tor Vergata, Via Fosso del, Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 205 Issue 2, p516; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sulfur dioxide; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy ( Ices ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces ( Satellites ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.05.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackenzie, Anne I.
AU  - Rao, Sadasiva M.
AU  - Baginski, Michael E.
T1  - Method of Moments Solution of Electromagnetic Scattering Problems Involving Arbitrarily-Shaped Conducting/Dielectric Bodies Using Triangular Patches and Pulse Basis Functions.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 488
EP  - 493
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - We present a new method of moments solution procedure for calculating electromagnetic scattering and radiation from conductor/dielectric composite structures. The solution is obtained using triangular patch modeling and a recently developed pair of mutually orthogonal pulse basis functions to represent the equivalent currents J and M. The pulse basis functions are defined with respect to the edges in the triangulated model and partially spread over the triangles connected to the edge. The orthogonality of the basis functions allows the development of stable solutions for all formulations and configurations investigated. A set of numerical results is presented that illustrates the efficacy of the present approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOMENTS method (Statistics)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - Basis functions
KW  - conducting bodies
KW  - dielectric bodies
KW  - electromagnetic scattering
KW  - scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 48573695; Mackenzie, Anne I. 1; Email Address: anne.mackenzie-1@nasa.gov Rao, Sadasiva M. 2 Baginski, Michael E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Electromagnetics & Sensors Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001 USA  2: Electrical & Computer Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849-5201; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 58 Issue 2, p488; Subject Term: MOMENTS method (Statistics); Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Basis functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: conducting bodies; Author-Supplied Keyword: dielectric bodies; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetic scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2009.2037839
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dan Simon
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
T1  - Constrained Kalman filtering via density function truncation for turbofan engine health estimation.
JO  - International Journal of Systems Science
JF  - International Journal of Systems Science
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
EP  - 171
SN  - 00207721
AB  - Kalman filters are often used to estimate the state variables of a dynamic system. However, in the application of Kalman filters some known signal information is often either ignored or dealt with heuristically. For instance, state variable constraints (which may be based on physical considerations) are often neglected because they do not fit easily into the structure of the Kalman filter. This article develops an analytic method of incorporating state variable inequality constraints in the Kalman filter. The resultant filter truncates the probability density function (PDF) of the Kalman filter estimate at the known constraints and then computes the constrained filter estimate as the mean of the truncated PDF. The incorporation of state variable constraints increases the computational effort of the filter but also improves its estimation accuracy. The improvement is demonstrated via simulation results obtained from a turbofan engine model. It is also shown that the truncated Kalman filter may provide a more accurate way of incorporating inequality constraints than other constrained filters (e.g. the projection approach to constrained filtering). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Systems Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - AUTOMOBILE engines
KW  - constrained filtering
KW  - estimation
KW  - gas turbine engines
KW  - health monitoring
KW  - Kalman filter
KW  - optimal filtering
KW  - probability density function
KW  - state constraints
N1  - Accession Number: 49144025; Dan Simon 1 Simon, Donald L. 2; Email Address: d.j.simon@csuohio.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 41 Issue 2, p159; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: constrained filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas turbine engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimal filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability density function; Author-Supplied Keyword: state constraints; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423120 Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 415290 Other new motor vehicle parts and accessories merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207720903042970
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mei-Ching Lien
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Johnston, James C.
T1  - Attentional Capture With Rapidly Changing Attentional Control Settings.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 36
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 00961523
AB  - The classic theory of spatial attention hypothesized 2 modes, voluntary and involuntary. Folk, Remington, and Johnston (1992) reported that even involuntary attention capture by stimuli requires a match between stimulus properties and what the observer is looking for. This surprising conclusion has been confirmed by many subsequent studies. In these studies, however, the observer typically looks for the same property throughout an entire session. Real-world behavior, in contrast, often requires frequent shifts in attentional set. The present study examined whether such shifts weaken attentional settings, allowing task-irrelevant objects to capture attention. Surprisingly, fluctuating control settings did not increase vulnerability to capture by salient stimuli (color singletons and abrupt onsets). We conclude that the attention control system is remarkably flexible, able to rapidly and fully adopt new settings and abandon old settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - INTEREST (Psychology)
KW  - SPATIAL ability
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - attentional capture
KW  - attentional control
KW  - spatial attention
KW  - task switching
N1  - Accession Number: 63534448; Mei-Ching Lien 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu Ruthruff, Eric 2 Johnston, James C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Oregon State University  2: University of New Mexico  3: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 36 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: INTEREST (Psychology); Subject Term: SPATIAL ability; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: attentional capture; Author-Supplied Keyword: attentional control; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: task switching; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/a0015875
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdelmessih, Amanie N.
AU  - Horn, Thomas J.
T1  - Experimental and Computational Characterization of High Heat Fluxes During Transient Blackbody Calibrations.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 132
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 2
SN  - 00221481
AB  - High heat fluxes are encountered in numerous applications, such as on the surfaces of hypersonic vehicles in flight, in fires, and within engines. The calibration of heat flux gauges may be performed in a dual cavity cylindrical blackbody. Insertion of instruments into the cavity disturbs the thermal equilibrium resulting in a transient calibration environment. To characterize the transient heat fluxes, experiments were performed on a dual cavity cylindrical blackbody at nominal temperatures varying from 800°C to 1900°C in increments of 100°C. The pre-insertion, steady state, axial temperature profile is compared experimentally and numerically. Detailed transient thermal models have been developed to simulate the heat flux calibration process at two extreme fluxes: the high flux is 1 MW/m2 and the relatively low is 70 kW/m2. Based on experiments and numerical analysis, the optimum heat flux sensor insertion location as measured from the center partition was determined. The effect of convection (natural and forced) in the blackbody cavity during the insertion is calculated and found to be less than 2% at high temperatures but reaches much higher values at relatively lower temperatures. The transient models show the effect of inserting a heat flux gauge at room temperature on the thermal equilibrium of the blackbody at 1800°C and 800°C nominal temperatures. Also, heat flux sensor outputs are derived from computed sensor temperature distributions and compared with experimental results. The numerical heat flux agreed with the experimental results to within 5%, which indicates that the numerical models captured the transient thermal physics during the calibration. Based on numerical models and all experimental runs the heat transfer mechanisms are explained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Heat Transfer is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - blackbody radiation
KW  - calibration
KW  - heat transfer
KW  - space vehicles
KW  - temperature measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 48440924; Abdelmessih, Amanie N. 1 Horn, Thomas J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saint Martin's University, 5300 Pacific Avenue, S.E. Lacey, WA 98503-1297  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Dryden Flight Research Center, P.O. Box 273, MS 48202A Edwards, CA 93523;; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 132 Issue 2, p2; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: blackbody radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature measurement; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4000187
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48440924&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Goldman, Aaron
AU  - Hannigan, James W.
T1  - Multi-decade measurements of the long-term trends of atmospheric species by high-spectral-resolution infrared solar absorption spectroscopy
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 111
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 383
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Solar absorption spectra were recorded for the first time in 5 years with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer at the US National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak in southern Arizona, USA (31.91°N latitude, 111.61°W longitude, 2.09km altitude). The solar absorption spectra cover 750–1300 and 1850–5000cm−1 and were recorded on 20 days during March–June 2009. The measurements mark the continuation of a long-term record of atmospheric chemical composition measurements that have been used to quantify seasonal cycles and long-term trends of both tropospheric and stratospheric species from observations that began in 1977. Fits to the measured spectra have been performed, and they indicate the spectra obtained since return to operational status are nearly free of channeling and the instrument line shape function is well reproduced taking into account the measurement parameters. We report updated time series measurements of total columns for six atmospheric species and their analysis for seasonal cycles and long-term trends. As an example, the time series fit shows a decrease in the annual increase rate in Montreal-Protocol-regulated chlorofluorocarbon CCl2F2 from 1.51±0.38%yr−1 at the beginning of the time span to −1.54±1.28%yr−1 at the end of the time span, 1 sigma, and hence provides evidence for the impact of those regulations on the trend. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - RESOLUTION (Optics)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheric remote sensing
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Long-term trends
N1  - Accession Number: 45684364; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: c.p.rinsland@larc.nasa.gov Chiou, Linda 2 Goldman, Aaron 3 Hannigan, James W. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, 21 Langley Boulevard, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-3142, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Road, Suite 600, Latham, MD 20706, USA  3: University of Denver, Department of Physics, 2112 East Wesley Avenue, Denver, CO 80208, USA  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80305, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 111 Issue 3, p376; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Optics); Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-term trends; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.09.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45684364&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rinsland, Curtis P.
AU  - Chiou, Linda
AU  - Boone, Chris
AU  - Bernath, Peter
AU  - Mahieu, Emmanuel
T1  - Erratum to “First measurements of the HCFC-142b trend from atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) solar occultation spectra” [JQSRT 110 (2009) 2127–2134]
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 111
IS  - 3
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 520
EP  - 520
SN  - 00224073
N1  - Accession Number: 45684379; Rinsland, Curtis P. 1; Email Address: curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov Chiou, Linda 2 Boone, Chris 3 Bernath, Peter 4 Mahieu, Emmanuel 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L3G1  4: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO105DD, UK  5: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 111 Issue 3, p520; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.05.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45684379&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Durkin, Gabriel A.
T1  - Preferred measurements: optimality and stability in quantum parameter estimation.
JO  - New Journal of Physics
JF  - New Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 13672630
AB  - We explore precision in a measurement process incorporating pure probe states, unitary dynamics and complete measurements via a simple formalism. The concept of 'information complement' is introduced. It undermines measurement precision and its minimization reveals the optimal system properties. Maximally precise measurements can exhibit independence from the true value of the estimated parameter, but demanding this severely restricts the type of viable probe and dynamics, including the requirement that the Hamiltonian be block diagonal in a basis of preferred measurements. The curvature of the information complement near a globally optimal point provides a new quantification of measurement stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of New Journal of Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICS research
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - HAMILTONIAN systems
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 48953437; Durkin, Gabriel A. 1; Email Address: gabriel.durkin@qubit.org; Affiliation:  1: Quantum Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PHYSICS research; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: HAMILTONIAN systems; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1367-2630/12/2/023010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48953437&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaba, T.C.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Aghara, S.K.
AU  - Townsend, L.W.
AU  - Handler, T.
AU  - Gabriel, T.A.
AU  - Pinsky, L.S.
AU  - Reddell, B.
T1  - Coupled neutron transport for HZETRN
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2010/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 173
EP  - 182
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: Exposure estimates inside space vehicles, surface habitats, and high altitude aircrafts exposed to space radiation are highly influenced by secondary neutron production. The deterministic transport code HZETRN has been identified as a reliable and efficient tool for such studies, but improvements to the underlying transport models and numerical methods are still necessary. In this paper, the forward–backward (FB) and directionally coupled forward–backward (DC) neutron transport models are derived, numerical methods for the FB model are reviewed, and a computationally efficient numerical solution is presented for the DC model. Both models are compared to the Monte Carlo codes HETC-HEDS, FLUKA, and MCNPX, and the DC model is shown to agree closely with the Monte Carlo results. Finally, it is found in the development of either model that the decoupling of low energy neutrons from the light ion transport procedure adversely affects low energy light ion fluence spectra and exposure quantities. A first order correction is presented to resolve the problem, and it is shown to be both accurate and efficient. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUTRONS
KW  - NEUTRON transport theory
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - CODING theory
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - Dose
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - Neutron transport
KW  - Radiation constraints
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Space radiation transport
N1  - Accession Number: 48894169; Slaba, T.C. 1; Email Address: Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov Blattnig, S.R. 2 Aghara, S.K. 3 Townsend, L.W. 4 Handler, T. 4 Gabriel, T.A. 5 Pinsky, L.S. 6 Reddell, B. 6; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23505, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Prairie View A&M University, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA  4: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  5: Scientific Investigation and Development, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA  6: University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p173; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: NEUTRON transport theory; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: CODING theory; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dose; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation constraints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation transport; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2010.01.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48894169&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morris, Philip J.
AU  - Zaman, K.B.M.Q.
T1  - Velocity measurements in jets with application to noise source modeling
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2010/02/15/
VL  - 329
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 394
EP  - 414
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes an experimental investigation of the statistical properties of turbulent velocity fluctuations in an axisymmetric jet. The focus is on those properties that are relevant to the prediction of noise. Measurements are performed using two single hot-wire anemometers as well as a two-component anemometer. Two-point cross correlations of the axial velocity fluctuations and of the fluctuations in the square of the axial velocity fluctuations are presented. Several reference locations in the jet are used including points on the jet lip and centerline. The scales of the turbulence and the convection velocity are determined, both in an overall sense as well as a function of frequency. The relationship between the second and fourth order correlations is developed and compared with the experimental data. The implications of the use of dimensional as well as non-dimensional correlations are considered. Finally, a comparison is made between the length scales deduced from the flow measurements and a RANS CFD calculation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - NOISE generators (Electronics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - HOT-wire anemometer
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - FLOW meters
N1  - Accession Number: 45426032; Morris, Philip J. 1; Email Address: pjm@psu.edu Zaman, K.B.M.Q. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Inlet & Nozzle Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 329 Issue 4, p394; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: NOISE generators (Electronics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: HOT-wire anemometer; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: FLOW meters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.09.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45426032&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
T1  - Corrigendum to “Effects of doping on thermal conductivity of pyrochlore oxides for advanced thermal barrier coatings” [Mater. Sci. Eng. A 459 (2007) 192–195]
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2010/02/15/
VL  - 527
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 1281
EP  - 1281
SN  - 09215093
N1  - Accession Number: 47058635; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: Narottam.P.Bansal@nasa.gov Zhu, Dongming 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 527 Issue 4/5, p1281; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2007.01.069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mélin, F.
AU  - Clerici, M.
AU  - Zibordi, G.
AU  - Holben, B.N.
AU  - Smirnov, A.
T1  - Validation of SeaWiFS and MODIS aerosol products with globally distributed AERONET data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2010/02/15/
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 230
EP  - 250
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The validation of aerosol products derived from ocean color missions is required for the assessment of their uncertainties and as a diagnostic for the atmospheric correction schemes used for determining the ocean apparent optical properties. A comprehensive validation of the aerosol products obtained from the ocean color missions SeaWiFS and MODIS is presented; it relies on the field observations collected at 85 AERONET sites and is completed by preliminary results obtained with the data of the maritime AERONET component. A robust match-up selection protocol yields approximately 7000 match-ups for each sensor. The median absolute relative difference for the aerosol optical thickness τ  a  increases from 20–22% at 443nm to 45–48% in the near-infrared. The validation statistics are comparable for both sensors but MODIS results appear degraded particularly for sites located on isolated islands. The median absolute difference is approximately 0.03 at all wavelengths. Results are further analyzed for specific geographic regions or groups of sites selected to represent oceanic, continental, or desert dust conditions. Importantly, the match-up sets appear generally representative of the regional natural variability in τ  a  amplitude and spectral shape, with the notable exception of high τ  a  conditions that are excluded. An important finding is the underestimate by the atmospheric correction of the Ångström exponent α, with a median bias of −0.52. This underestimate is apparent even at low α values and regularly increases with α. This discrepancy in τ  a  spectral shape might result from an inappropriate set of candidate aerosol models and/or uncertainties in the calibration at the near-infrared bands. As the validation data base is expanded and updated in relation to new versions of the processing chains, this work provides a benchmark for the assessment of the aerosol products derived from the SeaWiFS and MODIS ocean color missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - OCEAN color
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Atmospheric correction
KW  - MODIS
KW  - SeaWiFS
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 46750517; Mélin, F. 1; Email Address: frederic.melin@jrc.ec.europa.eu Clerici, M. 1 Zibordi, G. 1 Holben, B.N. 2 Smirnov, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: European Commission — Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Global Environment Monitoring Unit, TP272, ISPRA, 21027, Italy  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 114 Issue 2, p230; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: OCEAN color; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric correction; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: SeaWiFS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Shengli
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Crabtree, Robert L.
AU  - Hager, Stacey
AU  - Gross, Peggy
T1  - Fusing optical and radar data to estimate sagebrush, herbaceous, and bare ground cover in Yellowstone
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2010/02/15/
VL  - 114
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 264
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The arid and semi-arid sagebrush–grass ecosystem occupies a substantial portion of rangelands in the western United States. Using remote sensing techniques to map the percent of sagebrush, grass/forb, and bare ground components is necessary for forage production estimation and natural resource management over large areas. However optical data have significant deficiencies in these ecosystems because of exposed bright soil, spectrally-indeterminate vegetation, and a large dead vegetation component. Radar data also have deficiencies caused by factors such as antenna pattern calibration, local incidence angle (LIA), soil moisture, and surface roughness. With the complementary vegetation information gained from optical data and radar data, these two datasets were fused to estimate 10-m sagebrush, grass, and bare ground percent cover in the non-forested areas of Yellowstone National Park, which is a representative native western rangeland ecosystem of the US. The datasets were processed to resolve the issues of antenna pattern calibration and LIA effect. Peak green Landsat, late fall Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), and Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (AirSAR) data were fused in this analysis. AVIRIS, Landsat, AirSAR and elevation data were used to segment the study area into two main subcategories of “pure grass” and “mixed sagebrush and grass”. Landsat Tasseled Cap Greenness (LTCG) was used to retrieve bare land and grass percentages in pure grass areas. In the areas with mixed grass and sagebrush, standardized LTCG and radar C vv were used to derive the vegetation cover percentage, and the ratio of standardized LTCG and radar L hv was further used to calculate the relative abundance of sagebrush and grass. Comparison between the field and remote sensing estimations shows the correlation coefficients were 0.838, 0.746, and 0.830 for bare land, grass, and sagebrush, respectively. When grouped into three discrete categories of “low”, “medium”, and “high”, the overall accuracies were 79.4%, 75.9%, and 77.6%, respectively. Our study shows the potential for application of global spaceborne C- and L-band radar and optical data fusion for large-area rangeland monitoring. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH sciences -- Remote sensing
KW  - MULTISENSOR data fusion
KW  - SAGEBRUSH
KW  - SYNTHETIC apertures
KW  - RADAR in aeronautics
KW  - AIRBORNE Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - INFORMATION processing
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
KW  - Data fusion
KW  - Percentage cover
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Sagebrush
KW  - SAR
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 46750518; Huang, Shengli 1,2; Email Address: huang@yellowstoneresearch.org Potter, Christopher 1 Crabtree, Robert L. 2,3 Hager, Stacey 3 Gross, Peggy 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite B, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA  3: HyPerspectives Inc., 2048 Analysis Drive, Suite C, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA  4: California State University, Monterey Bay, 100 Campus Center, Seaside, CA 93955, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 114 Issue 2, p251; Subject Term: EARTH sciences -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: MULTISENSOR data fusion; Subject Term: SAGEBRUSH; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC apertures; Subject Term: RADAR in aeronautics; Subject Term: AIRBORNE Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Subject Term: INFORMATION processing; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data fusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Percentage cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sagebrush; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2009.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Koch, David
AU  - Basri, Gibor
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Brown, Timothy
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas
AU  - Caldwell, John
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - DeVore, Edna
AU  - Dunham, Edward W.
AU  - Dupree, Andrea K.
AU  - Gautier III, Thomas N.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald
AU  - Gould, Alan
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Kondo, Yoji
AU  - Latham, David W.
T1  - Kepler Planet-Detection Mission: Introduction and First Results.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/02/19/
VL  - 327
IS  - 5968
M3  - Article
SP  - 977
EP  - 980
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Kepler mission was designed to determine the frequency of Earth-sized planets in and near the habitable zone of Sun-like stars. The habitable zone is the region where planetary temperatures are suitable for water to exist on a planet's surface. During the first 6 weeks of observations, Kepler monitored 156,000 stars, and five new exoplanets with sizes between 0.37 and 1.6 Jupiter radii and orbital periods from 3.2 to 4.9 days were discovered. The density of the Neptune-sized Kepler-4b is similar to that of Neptune and GJ 436b, even though the irradiation level is 800,000 times higher. Kepler-7b is one of the lowest-density planets (∼0.17 gram per cubic centimeter) yet detected. Kepler-5b, -6b, and -8b confirm the existence of planets with densities lower than those predicted for gas giant planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles research
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - ORBITING astronomical observatories
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - DATA analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 48570165; Borucki, William J. 1; Email Address: William.J.Borucki@nasa.gov Koch, David 1 Basri, Gibor 2 Batalha, Natalie 3 Brown, Timothy 4 Caldwell, Douglas 5 Caldwell, John 6 Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jorgen 7 Cochran, William D. 8 DeVore, Edna 5 Dunham, Edward W. 9 Dupree, Andrea K. 10 Gautier III, Thomas N. 11 Geary, John C. 10 Gilliland, Ronald 12 Gould, Alan 13 Howell, Steve B. 14 Jenkins, Jon M. 5 Kondo, Yoji 15 Latham, David W. 10; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  4: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: York University, North York, M3) 1P3 Ontario, Canada  7: Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark  8: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  9: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  12: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  13: Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  14: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  15: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20025, USA; Source Info: 2/19/2010, Vol. 327 Issue 5968, p977; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles research; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: ORBITING astronomical observatories; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: DATA analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
T1  - Compact upwind schemes on adaptive octrees
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2010/02/20/
VL  - 229
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1167
EP  - 1180
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: Compact high-order upwind schemes using reconstruction from cell-averages are derived for application with the compressible three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. An adaptive-octree mesh, combined with the Adams–Bashforth–Moulton family of predictor–corrector schemes, provides a conservative high-order time-integration platform supporting localized h-refinement and timestep sub-cycling. Numerical examples for smooth flows demonstrate the improvement over explicit upwind schemes and formal accuracy of the schemes, as well as the behavior in wall-bounded regions, and the resolution of a broad wavenumber spectrum. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPACTIFICATION (Mathematics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - DIMENSIONAL analysis
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FINITE volume method
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - Finite-volume
KW  - High-order
KW  - Navier–Stokes
KW  - Predictor–corrector
N1  - Accession Number: 47095394; Murman, Scott M. 1; Email Address: Scott.M.Murman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 229 Issue 4, p1167; Subject Term: COMPACTIFICATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: DIMENSIONAL analysis; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictor–corrector; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.10.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnsen, Eric
AU  - Larsson, Johan
AU  - Bhagatwala, Ankit V.
AU  - Cabot, William H.
AU  - Moin, Parviz
AU  - Olson, Britton J.
AU  - Rawat, Pradeep S.
AU  - Shankar, Santhosh K.
AU  - Sjögreen, Björn
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Zhong, Xiaolin
AU  - Lele, Sanjiva K.
T1  - Assessment of high-resolution methods for numerical simulations of compressible turbulence with shock waves
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2010/02/20/
VL  - 229
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1213
EP  - 1237
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: Flows in which shock waves and turbulence are present and interact dynamically occur in a wide range of applications, including inertial confinement fusion, supernovae explosion, and scramjet propulsion. Accurate simulations of such problems are challenging because of the contradictory requirements of numerical methods used to simulate turbulence, which must minimize any numerical dissipation that would otherwise overwhelm the small scales, and shock-capturing schemes, which introduce numerical dissipation to stabilize the solution. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the performance of several numerical methods capable of simultaneously handling turbulence and shock waves. A comprehensive range of high-resolution methods (WENO, hybrid WENO/central difference, artificial diffusivity, adaptive characteristic-based filter, and shock fitting) and suite of test cases (Taylor–Green vortex, Shu–Osher problem, shock-vorticity/entropy wave interaction, Noh problem, compressible isotropic turbulence) relevant to problems with shocks and turbulence are considered. The results indicate that the WENO methods provide sharp shock profiles, but overwhelm the physical dissipation. The hybrid method is minimally dissipative and leads to sharp shocks and well-resolved broadband turbulence, but relies on an appropriate shock sensor. Artificial diffusivity methods in which the artificial bulk viscosity is based on the magnitude of the strain-rate tensor resolve vortical structures well but damp dilatational modes in compressible turbulence; dilatation-based artificial bulk viscosity methods significantly improve this behavior. For well-defined shocks, the shock fitting approach yields good results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH resolution spectroscopy
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - INERTIAL confinement fusion
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - 47.11.−j
KW  - Adaptive characteristic-based filters
KW  - Artificial diffusivity methods
KW  - Compressible turbulence
KW  - Direct numerical simulation
KW  - High-resolution methods
KW  - Hybrid methods
KW  - Large-eddy simulation
KW  - Shock fitting
KW  - Shock-capturing
N1  - Accession Number: 47095397; Johnsen, Eric 1; Email Address: johnsen@stanford.edu Larsson, Johan 1; Email Address: jola@stanford.edu Bhagatwala, Ankit V. 2 Cabot, William H. 3 Moin, Parviz 1 Olson, Britton J. 2 Rawat, Pradeep S. 4 Shankar, Santhosh K. 2 Sjögreen, Björn 3 Yee, H.C. 5 Zhong, Xiaolin 4 Lele, Sanjiva K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States  2: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States  3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, United States  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 229 Issue 4, p1213; Subject Term: HIGH resolution spectroscopy; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: INERTIAL confinement fusion; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: 47.11.−j; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive characteristic-based filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial diffusivity methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressible turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Direct numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-resolution methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large-eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock fitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock-capturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2009.10.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47095397&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Stephen B.
AU  - Buckley, David A. H.
AU  - O'Donoghue, Darragh
AU  - Romero-Colmenero, Encarni
AU  - O'Connor, James
AU  - Fourie, Piet
AU  - Evans, Geoff
AU  - Sass, Craig
AU  - Crause, Lisa
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Butters, O. W.
AU  - Norton, A. J.
AU  - Mukai, Koji
T1  - Polarized QPOs from the INTEGRAL polar IGRJ14536-5522 (=Swift J1453.4-5524).
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/02/21/
VL  - 402
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1161
EP  - 1170
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We report optical spectroscopy and high-speed photometry and polarimetry of the INTEGRAL source IGRJ14536-5522 (=Swift J1453.4-5524). The photometry, polarimetry and spectroscopy are modulated on an orbital period of h. Orbital circularly polarized modulations are seen from ∼0 to per cent, unambiguously identifying IGRJ14536-5522 as a polar. The negative circular polarization is seen over ∼95 per cent of the orbit, which is consistent (as viewed from the Earth) with a single-pole accretor. We estimate some of the system parameters by modelling the polarimetric observations. Some of the high-speed photometric data show modulations that are consistent with quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) on the order of 5–6 min. Furthermore, for the first time, we detect the (5–6) min QPOs in the circular polarimetry. We discuss the possible origins of these QPOs. In addition, we note that the source undergoes frequent changes between different accretion states. We also include details of HIgh-speed Photo-POlarimeter (HIPPO), a new high-speed photo-polarimeter, used for some of our observations. This instrument is capable of high-speed, multi-filtered, simultaneous all-Stokes observations. It is therefore ideal for investigating rapidly varying astronomical sources such as magnetic cataclysmic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
KW  - ELLIPSOMETRY
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - accretion
KW  - accretion discs
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - cataclysmic variables
KW  - methods: analytical
KW  - novae
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - techniques: polarimetric
KW  - X-rays: stars
N1  - Accession Number: 47842128; Potter, Stephen B. 1; Email Address: sbp@saao.ac.za Buckley, David A. H. 1 O'Donoghue, Darragh 1 Romero-Colmenero, Encarni 1 O'Connor, James 1 Fourie, Piet 1 Evans, Geoff 1 Sass, Craig 1 Crause, Lisa 1 Still, Martin 2,3 Butters, O. W. 4,5 Norton, A. J. 4 Mukai, Koji 6,7; Affiliation:  1: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa.  2: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA.  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH.  6: CRESST and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  7: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore county, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 402 Issue 2, p1161; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: ELLIPSOMETRY; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: analytical; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: polarimetric; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-rays: stars; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15944.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Howell, Patricia A.
AU  - Burke, Eric R.
T1  - SIMULATIONS OF THE THERMOGRAPHIC RESPONSE OF NEAR SURFACE FLAWS IN REINFORCED CARBON-CARBON PANELS.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/02/22/
VL  - 1211
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 450
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Thermographic inspection is a viable technique for detecting in-service damage in reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) composites that are used for thermal protection in the leading edge of the shuttle orbiter. A thermographic technique for detection of near surface flaws in RCC composite structures is presented. A finite element model of the heat diffusion in structures with expected flaw configurations is in good agreement with the experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - Composites
KW  - Simulations
KW  - Thermography
N1  - Accession Number: 48429393; Winfree, William P. 1 Howell, Patricia A. 1 Burke, Eric R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.  2: United Space Alliance, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899.; Source Info: 2/22/2010, Vol. 1211 Issue 1, p443; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermography; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3362427
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeHaven, S. L.
T1  - MICROSTRUCTURED OPTICAL FIBER FOR X-RAY DETECTION.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/02/22/
VL  - 1211
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 541
EP  - 548
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A novel scintillating optical fiber is presented using a composite micro-structured quartz optical fiber. Scintillating materials are introduced into the multiple inclusions of the fiber. This creates a composite optical fiber having quartz as a cladding with an organic scintillating material core. X-ray detection using these fibers is compared to a collimated cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector over an energy range from 10 to 40 keV. Results show a good correlation between the fiber count rate trend and that of the CdTe detector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL fibers
KW  - FIBER optics
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - X-rays
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - Fiber Optic
KW  - Scintillator
KW  - X-ray Detector
N1  - Accession Number: 48429379; DeHaven, S. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.; Source Info: 2/22/2010, Vol. 1211 Issue 1, p541; Subject Term: OPTICAL fibers; Subject Term: FIBER optics; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber Optic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scintillator; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray Detector; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3362441
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Tokars, R. P.
AU  - Martin, R. E.
AU  - Rauser, R. W.
AU  - Aldrin, J. C.
AU  - Schumacher, E. J.
T1  - ULTRASONIC PHASED ARRAY INSPECTION EXPERIMENTS AND SIMULATIONS FOR AN ISOGRID STRUCTURAL ELEMENT WITH CRACKS.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/02/22/
VL  - 1211
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 910
EP  - 917
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In this investigation, a T-shaped aluminum alloy isogrid stiffener element used in aerospace applications was inspected with ultrasonic phased array methods. The isogrid stiffener element had various crack configurations emanating from bolt holes. Computational simulation methods were used to mimic the experiments in order to help understand experimental results. The results of this study indicate that it is at least partly feasible to interrogate this type of geometry with the given flaw configurations using phased array ultrasonics. The simulation methods were critical in helping explain the experimental results and, with some limitation, can be used to predict inspection results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - ULTRASONIC testing
KW  - ISOGRIDS
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Computational Simulation
KW  - Isogrid
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Nondestructive Evaluation
KW  - Phased Array
KW  - Stiffener Element
KW  - Ultrasonics
N1  - Accession Number: 48429328; Roth, D. J. 1 Tokars, R. P. 1 Martin, R. E. 2 Rauser, R. W. 3 Aldrin, J. C. 4 Schumacher, E. J. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.  2: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115.  3: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 2368143606.  4: Computational Tools, Inc., Gurnee, IL 60031.  5: Magsoft Corporation, Ballston Spa, New York 12020.; Source Info: 2/22/2010, Vol. 1211 Issue 1, p910; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC testing; Subject Term: ISOGRIDS; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isogrid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nondestructive Evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phased Array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stiffener Element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrasonics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3362522
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48429328&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meng-Chou Wu
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - FIBER OPTIC THERMOGRAPHIC DETECTION OF FLAWS IN COMPOSITES.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/02/22/
VL  - 1211
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2015
EP  - 2022
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Optical fibers with multiple Bragg gratings bonded to surfaces of structures were used for thermographic detection of subsurface defects in structures. The investigated structures included a 10-ply composite specimen with subsurface delaminations of various sizes and depths. Both during and following the application of a thermal heat flux to the surface, the individual Bragg grating sensors measured the temporal and spatial temperature variations. The obtained data were analyzed with thermal modeling to reveal particular characteristics of the interested areas. These results were found to be consistent with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - DEMODULATION (Electronics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - OPTICAL materials
KW  - Composite
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Fiber Bragg Grating
KW  - Temperature Sensor
KW  - Thermography
N1  - Accession Number: 48429443; Meng-Chou Wu 1 Winfree, William P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA, USA 23681-2199.; Source Info: 2/22/2010, Vol. 1211 Issue 1, p2015; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: DEMODULATION (Electronics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: OPTICAL materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber Bragg Grating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature Sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermography; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3362365
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48429443&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Unger, Nadine
AU  - Bond, Tami C.
AU  - Wang, James S.
AU  - Koch, Dorothy M.
AU  - Menon, Surabi
AU  - Shindell, Drew T.
AU  - Bauer, Susanne
T1  - Attribution of climate forcing to economic sectors.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/02/23/
VL  - 107
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3382
EP  - 3387
SN  - 00278424
AB  - A much-cited bar chart provided by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change displays the climate impact, as expressed by radiative forcing in watts per meter squared, of individual chemical species. The organization of the chart reflects the history of atmospheric chemistry, in which investigators typically focused on a single species of interest. However, changes in pollutant emissions and concentrations are a symptom, not a cause, of the primary driver of anthropogenic climate change: human activity. In this paper, we suggest organizing the bar chart according to drivers of change—that is, by economic sector. Climate impacts of tropospheric ozone, fine aerosols, aerosol-cloud interactions, methane, and long-lived greenhouse gases are considered. We quantify the future evolution of the total radiative forcing due to perpetual constant year 2000 emissions by sector, most relevant for the development of climate policy now, and focus on two specific time points, near-term at 2020 and long-term at 2100. Because sector profiles differ greatly, this approach fosters the development of smart climate policy and is useful to identify effective opportunities for rapid mitigation of anthropogenic radiative forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - CARBON dioxide mitigation
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - OZONE
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - aerosols
KW  - air pollution
KW  - global warming
KW  - mitigation
KW  - ozone
KW  - INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change
N1  - Accession Number: 48439747; Unger, Nadine 1,2; Email Address: nunger@giss.nasa.gov Bond, Tami C. 3 Wang, James S. 4 Koch, Dorothy M. 1,2 Menon, Surabi 5 Shindell, Drew T. 1 Bauer, Susanne 1,2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025  2: Center for Climate Systems Research at Columbia University, New York, NY 10025  3: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801  4: Environmental Defense Fund, New York, NY 10010  5: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720; Source Info: 2/23/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 8, p3382; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide mitigation; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone; Company/Entity: INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0906548107
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48439747&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rabbitt, Richard D.
AU  - Boyle, Richard
AU  - Highstein, Stephen M.
T1  - Mechanical amplification by hair cells in the semicircular canals.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/02/23/
VL  - 107
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3864
EP  - 3869
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Sensory hair cells are the essential mechanotransducers of the inner ear, responsible not only for the transduction of sound and motion stimuli but also, remarkably, for nanomechanical amplification of sensory stimuli. Here we show that semicircular canal hair cells generate a mechanical nonlinearity in vivo that increases sensitivity to angular motion by amplification at low stimulus strengths. Sensitivity at high stimulus strengths is linear and shows no evidence of amplification. Results suggest that the mechanical work done by hair cells contributes ∼97 zJ/cell of amplification per stimulus cycle, improving sensitivity to angular velocity stimuli below ∼5°/s (0.3-Hz sinusoidal motion). We further show that mechanical amplification can be inhibited by the brain via activation of efferent synaptic contacts on hair cells. The experimental model was the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau. Physiological manifestation of mechanical amplification and efferent control in a teleost vestibular organ suggests the active motor process in sensory hair cells is ancestral. The biophysical basis of the motor(s) remains hypothetical, but a key discriminating question may involve how changes in somatic electrical impedance evoked by efferent synaptic action alter function of the motor(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAIR cells
KW  - MECHANORECEPTORS
KW  - SEMICIRCULAR canals
KW  - VESTIBULAR apparatus
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - active process
KW  - auditory
KW  - hair bundle
KW  - inner ear
KW  - motor
N1  - Accession Number: 48439829; Rabbitt, Richard D. 1,2; Email Address: r.rabbitt@utah.edu Boyle, Richard 3 Highstein, Stephen M. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84013  2: Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543  3: BioVIS Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 2/23/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 8, p3864; Subject Term: HAIR cells; Subject Term: MECHANORECEPTORS; Subject Term: SEMICIRCULAR canals; Subject Term: VESTIBULAR apparatus; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: active process; Author-Supplied Keyword: auditory; Author-Supplied Keyword: hair bundle; Author-Supplied Keyword: inner ear; Author-Supplied Keyword: motor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0906765107
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48439829&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katar, Sri Lakshmi
AU  - Hernandez, Dionne
AU  - Biaggi Labiosa, Azlin
AU  - Mosquera-Vargas, Edgar
AU  - Fonseca, Luis
AU  - Weiner, Brad
AU  - Morell, Gerardo
T1  - SiN/bamboo like carbon nanotube composite electrodes for lithium ion rechargeable batteries
JO  - Electrochimica Acta
JF  - Electrochimica Acta
Y1  - 2010/02/28/
VL  - 55
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2269
EP  - 2274
SN  - 00134686
AB  - Abstract: A dual stage technique employing hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) and radio frequency sputtering was used to synthesize SiN/BCNTs (bamboo like carbon nanotubes) on copper substrates. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Electron field emission studies (EFE), charge–discharge, and cyclic voltammetry. The comprehensive characterization is consistent with a nanolayer of amorphous SiN on BCNTs. Field emission experiments confirm the excellent contact of the SiN nanolayer with the surface of the BCNTs necessary for fabrication of a coin cell. Electrochemical testing shows that SiN/BCNT electrode can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 2000mAhg−1 which is higher than the capacity of graphite and the reversible capacity after ten cycles is 300mAhg−1. The cyclic voltammetry results suggest good reversibility with Li during cycling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - LITHIUM-ion batteries
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - SPUTTERING (Physics)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - Alloying
KW  - Dealloying
KW  - SiN/BCNTs
N1  - Accession Number: 48148390; Katar, Sri Lakshmi 1,2; Email Address: srilakshmikatar@yahoo.com Hernandez, Dionne 1,2 Biaggi Labiosa, Azlin 3 Mosquera-Vargas, Edgar 4 Fonseca, Luis 1,4 Weiner, Brad 1,2 Morell, Gerardo 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA  3: Sensors and Electronics Branch, Instrumentation and Controls Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, P.O. Box 23343, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, USA; Source Info: Feb2010, Vol. 55 Issue 7, p2269; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: LITHIUM-ion batteries; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: SPUTTERING (Physics); Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dealloying; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiN/BCNTs; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.11.070
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48148390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - Rummel, John D.
T1  - Planetary protection for human exploration of Mars
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 66
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 792
EP  - 797
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Human astronauts have unique capabilities that could greatly facilitate scientific exploration of other planets. However, when searching for life beyond Earth, these capabilities can be utilized effectively only if the biological contamination associated with human presence is monitored and minimized. This is termed planetary protection, and is a critical element in human exploration beyond Earth. Planetary protection must be incorporated from the earliest stages of mission planning and development, to ensure proper implementation. Issues involve both “forward contamination”, the contamination of other solar system bodies by Earth microbes and organic materials, and “backward contamination”, the contamination of Earth systems, including astronauts, by biological hazards or potential alien life. Conclusions from a number of international workshops held over the last six years recognize that some degree of forward contamination associated with human astronaut explorers is inevitable. Nevertheless, when humans are exploring space the principles and policies of planetary protection, developed by COSPAR in accordance with the 1967 Outer Space Treaty, still apply. Implementation guidelines include documenting and minimizing contamination of the exploration targets, control at the most stringent levels for locations in which Earth life might grow, and protection of humans from exposure to untested planetary materials. Preventing harmful contamination of the Earth must be of the highest priority for all missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Exploration
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - CONTAMINATION (Technology)
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Astronaut health
KW  - Backward contamination
KW  - Forward contamination
KW  - Human exploration
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary protection
N1  - Accession Number: 47149109; Conley, Catharine A. 1; Email Address: cassie.conley@nasa.gov Rummel, John D. 2; Email Address: rummelj@ecu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, Washington, DC 20546, USA  2: Institute for Coastal Science and Policy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 66 Issue 5/6, p792; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Exploration; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: CONTAMINATION (Technology); Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronaut health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backward contamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forward contamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.08.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47149109&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Philip J.
AU  - Veith, Eric M.
AU  - Hurlbert, Eric A.
AU  - Jimenez, Rafael
AU  - Smith, Timothy D.
T1  - 445N (100-lbf) LO2/LCH4 reaction control engine technology development for future space vehicles
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 66
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 836
EP  - 843
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have identified liquid oxygen (LO2)/liquid methane (LCH4) propulsion systems as promising options for some future space vehicles. NASA issued a contract to Aerojet to develop a 445N (100-lbf) LO2/LCH4 Reaction Control Engine (RCE) aimed at reducing the risk of utilizing a cryogenic reaction control system (RCS) on a space vehicle. Aerojet utilized innovative design solutions to develop an RCE that can ignite reliably over a broad range of inlet temperatures, perform short minimum impulse bits (MIB) at small electrical pulse widths (EPW), and produce excellent specific impulse (Isp) across a range of engine mixture ratios (MR). These design innovations also provide a start transient with a benign mixture ratio (MR), ensuring good thrust chamber compatibility and long life. In addition, this RCE can successfully operate at MRs associated with main engines, enabling the RCE to provide emergency backup propulsion to minimize vehicle propellant load and overall system mass. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - LIQUEFIED gases
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aerojet
KW  - LCH4 liquid methane
KW  - LO2 liquid oxygen
KW  - NASA
KW  - Reaction control engine
KW  - Technology Development Program
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47149113; Robinson, Philip J. 1; Email Address: Philip.Robinson@Aerojet.com Veith, Eric M. 1; Email Address: Eric.Veith@Aerojet.com Hurlbert, Eric A. 2; Email Address: Eric.A.Hurlbert@nasa.gov Jimenez, Rafael 2; Email Address: Rafael.Jimenez-1@nasa.gov Smith, Timothy D. 3; Email Address: Timothy.D.Smith@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Aerojet, Sacramento, CA, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 66 Issue 5/6, p836; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: LIQUEFIED gases; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerojet; Author-Supplied Keyword: LCH4 liquid methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: LO2 liquid oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction control engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technology Development Program; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.08.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47149113&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baurle, R. A.
AU  - Edwards, J. R.
T1  - Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged/Large-Eddy Simulations of a Coaxial Supersonic Freejet Experiment.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 551
EP  - 571
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Reynolds-averaged and hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulations have been applied to a supersonic coaxial jet flow experiment. The experiment was designed to study compressible mixing flow phenomenon under conditions that are representative of those encountered in scram jet combust ors. The experiment used either helium or argon as the inner jet nozzle fluid, and the outer jet nozzle fluid consisted of laboratory air. The inner and outer nozzles were designed and operated to produce nearly pressure-matched Mach 1.8 flow conditions at the jet exit. The purpose of the computational effort was to assess the state of the art for each modeling approach and to use the hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulations to gather insight into the deficiencies of the Reynolds-averaged closure models. The Reynolds-averaged simulations displayed a strong sensitivity to choice of turbulent Schmidt number. The initial value chosen for this parameter resulted in an overprediction of the mixing layer spreading rate for the helium case, but the opposite trend was observed when argon was used as the injectant. A larger turbulent Schmidt number greatly improved the comparison of the results with measurements for the helium simulations, but variations in the Schmidt number did not improve the argon comparisons. The hybrid Reynolds-averaged/largeeddy simulations also overpredicted the mixing layer spreading rate for the helium case, while underpredicting the rate of mixing when argon was used as the injectant. The primary reason conjectured for the discrepancy between the hybrid simulation results and the measurements centered around issues related to the transition from a Reynolds-averaged state to one with resolved turbulent content. Improvements to the inflow conditions were suggested as a remedy to this dilemma. Second-order turbulence statistics were also compared with their modeled Reynolds-averaged counterparts to evaluate the effectiveness of common turbulence closure assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - JET planes
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 48561711; Baurle, R. A. 1 Edwards, J. R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p551; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.43771
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruyten, Wim
AU  - Bell, James H.
T1  - Bridging the Gap between Pressure-Sensitive Paint and Balance Measurements.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 591
EP  - 597
SN  - 00011452
AB  - We consider the question of how to reconcile integrated forces and moments from a pressure-sensitive paint measurement with measured forces and moments from a balance. We show that it is possible to compute the smallest change in pressure distribution that would be required to bring the two sets of data into agreement. We refer to this as the gap distribution and show that it can be expressed in terms of a set of basis functions that are determined by the geometry of the test article. The use of these gap basis functions allows discrepancies in forces and moments to be expressed in terms of a common unit of measure, namely the magnitude of the implied gap distribution. We apply this gap analysis to data from a wind-tunnel test of the NASA Orion command module, for which both pressure-sensitive paint data and balance data are available. Results of the analysis confirm earlier suspicions that there was a problem with the normal component of force of the balance. Still, it is shown that application of the gap correction leads to improved pressure-sensitive paint data, as determined by the level of agreement with pressure tap data. The analysis procedure involving a pressure-gap distribution should be applicable to the comparison of balance data to integrated forces and moments from computational fluid dynamics calculations and other techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE-sensitive paint
KW  - AIR pressure -- Measurement -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 48561714; Ruyten, Wim 1 Bell, James H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Euclidean Optics Inc., Tullahoma, Tennessee 37388  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p591; Subject Term: PRESSURE-sensitive paint; Subject Term: AIR pressure -- Measurement -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.38376
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48561714&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loh, Ching Y.
AU  - Jorgenson, Philip C. E.
T1  - Nearly All-Speed, Stabilized Time-Accurate Upwind Scheme on Unstructured Grid.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 644
EP  - 653
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A time-accurate, upwind, finite volume method for computing compressible flows on unstructured grids is presented. The method is second-order-accurate in space and time and yields high resolution in the presence of discontinuities. In the basic Euler and Navier-Stokes upwind scheme, many concepts of high-order upwind schemes are adopted: the surface flux integrals are carefully treated, a Cauchy-Kowalewski time-stepping scheme is used in the time-marching stage, and a multidimensional limiter is applied in the reconstruction stage. However, even with these up-to-date improvements, the basic upwind scheme is still plagued by the so-called pathological behaviors (for example, the carbuncle, the expansion shock, etc.), which are mostly triggered due to some undesirable local numerical instability. A simple multidimensional dissipation model is used to systematically suppress such behaviors and stabilize the scheme for flows at high Mach numbers, whereas for flows at very low Mach number (for example, M = 0.02), it is found that computation can be directly carried out without invoking preconditioning. The modified, stabilized scheme is referred to as the enhanced time-accurate upwind scheme (Loh, C. Y., and Jorgenson, P. C. E., "A Time Accurate Upwind Unstructured Finite Volume Method for Compressible Flow with Cure of Pathological Behaviors," AIAA Paper 2007-4463, 2007.) in this paper. The unstructured grid capability renders flexibility for use in complex geometry, and the present enhanced time-accurate upwind Euler and Navier-Stokes scheme is capable of handling a broad spectrum of flow regimes from high supersonic to subsonic at very low Mach number, appropriate for both computational fluid dynamics and computational aeroacoustics. Numerous examples are included to demonstrate the robustness of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 48561719; Loh, Ching Y. 1; Email Address: ching.y.loh@grc.nasa.gov Jorgenson, Philip C. E. 1; Email Address: jorgenson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p644; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.43453
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48561719&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
T1  - Notes on accuracy of finite-volume discretization schemes on irregular grids
JO  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
JF  - Applied Numerical Mathematics
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 60
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 224
EP  - 226
SN  - 01689274
AB  - Abstract: These notes rebut some overreaching conclusions of Svärd et al., 2008 concerning relations between truncation and discretization errors on irregular grids. Convergence of truncation errors severely degrades on general irregular grids. Such degradation does not necessarily imply a less than design-order convergence of discretization errors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Numerical Mathematics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE volume method
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - Accuracy analysis
KW  - Discretization error
KW  - Irregular grids
KW  - Truncation error
N1  - Accession Number: 48776336; Diskin, Boris 1,2; Email Address: bdiskin@nianet.org Thomas, James L. 3; Email Address: James.L.Thomas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace (NIA), 100 Exploration Way., Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22902, United States  3: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 60 Issue 3, p224; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accuracy analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discretization error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irregular grids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Truncation error; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apnum.2009.12.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48776336&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Asis Jr., Edward D.
AU  - Leung, Joseph
AU  - Wood, Sally
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
T1  - Four probe architecture using high spatial resolution single multi-walled carbon nanotube electrodes for electrophysiology and bioimpedance monitoring of whole tissue.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2010/03//3/1/2010
VL  - 96
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 093701
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We report the application of a sensor with a multielectrode architecture consisting of four single multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes (sMWNT electrodes) with nanotube tip diameters of approximately 30 nm to stimulation, recording, and bioimpedance characterization of whole muscle. Parallel pairs of sMWNT electrodes achieve improved stimulation efficiency from a reduction in electrode impedance and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio by detecting endogenic signals from a larger population of electrically active cells. The sensor with a four sMWNT electrode configuration can monitor changes in whole tissue bioimpedance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - BIOELECTRIC impedance
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
N1  - Accession Number: 48428991; de Asis Jr., Edward D. 1,2 Leung, Joseph 3 Wood, Sally 1 Nguyen, Cattien V. 2; Email Address: cattien.v.nguyen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, California 95053, USA  2: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 3/1/2010, Vol. 96 Issue 9, p093701; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: BIOELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3292216
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48428991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norbury, John W.
AU  - Dick, Frank
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
AU  - Khin Maung Maung
T1  - Cross-sections from scalar field theory.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Physics
JF  - Canadian Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 88
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 156
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084204
AB  - A scalar quantum field theory method is used to calculate differential and total cross-sections for elastic and inelastic scattering in proton–proton collisions. When Mandelstam variables are used, the resulting formulas are simple and can be written in closed form. They display features very typical of elastic and inelastic scattering. The results show good agreement with total cross-section data for η meson production. Thus for this particular example, a simple scalar model can be used in place of a more complicated field theory with spin. Nous utilisons une théorie de champ quantique scalaire pour calculer les sections efficaces différentielles et totales de diffusion élastique et inélastique dans les collisions proton-proton. Lorsque nous utilisons les variables de Mandelstam, les formules qui en résultent sont simples et peuvent s’écrire sous forme fermée. Elles présentent des caractéristiques typiques de diffusion élastique et inélastique. Les résultats sont en bon accord avec la section efficace totale pour la production de mésons η. Ainsi, dans cet exemple particulier, un simple modèle scalaire peut être utilisé à la place d’un modèle plus compliqué de théorie du champ avec spin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Physics is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCALAR field theory
KW  - QUANTUM field theory
KW  - PROTONS -- Scattering
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - MATERIALS science
N1  - Accession Number: 50356591; Norbury, John W. 1; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov Dick, Frank 2 Norman, Ryan B. 3 Khin Maung Maung 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA 01609,USA  3: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  4: University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 88 Issue 3, p149; Subject Term: SCALAR field theory; Subject Term: QUANTUM field theory; Subject Term: PROTONS -- Scattering; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/P10-002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50356591&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Zhen-Ting
AU  - Hsu, Huan-Chun
AU  - Chang, Chau-Lyan
AU  - Wu, Chin-Tien
AU  - Jiang, T.F.
T1  - Momentum–time flux conservation method for one-dimensional wave equations
JO  - Computer Physics Communications
JF  - Computer Physics Communications
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 181
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 480
SN  - 00104655
AB  - Abstract: We present a conservation element and solution element method in time and momentum space. Several paradigmatic wave problems including simple wave equation, convection–diffusion equation, driven harmonic oscillating charge and nonlinear Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation are solved with this method and calibrated with known solutions to demonstrate its use. With this method, time marching scheme is explicit, and the nonreflecting boundary condition is automatically fulfilled. Compared to other solution methods in coordinate space, this method preserves the complete information of the wave during time evolution which is an useful feature especially for scattering problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Physics Communications is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KORTEWEG-de Vries equation
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Physics)
KW  - WAVE equation
KW  - REACTION-diffusion equations
KW  - HARMONIC oscillators
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
N1  - Accession Number: 47555578; Huang, Zhen-Ting 1 Hsu, Huan-Chun 2 Chang, Chau-Lyan 3 Wu, Chin-Tien 1 Jiang, T.F. 2,4; Email Address: tfjiang@faculty.nctu.edu.tw; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Mathematical Modeling and Scientific Computing, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan  2: Institute of Physics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan  3: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  4: Center for Quantum Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 181 Issue 3, p473; Subject Term: KORTEWEG-de Vries equation; Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Physics); Subject Term: WAVE equation; Subject Term: REACTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: HARMONIC oscillators; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cpc.2009.10.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47555578&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, John A.
AU  - Baughman, James M.
AU  - Wallace, Terryl A.
T1  - Investigation of cracks found in helicopter longerons
JO  - Engineering Failure Analysis
JF  - Engineering Failure Analysis
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 416
EP  - 430
SN  - 13506307
AB  - Abstract: Four cracked longerons, containing a total of eight cracks, were provided for study. Cracked regions were cut from the longerons. Load was applied to open the cracks, enabling crack surface examination. Examination revealed that crack propagation was driven by fatigue loading in all eight cases. Fatigue crack initiation appears to have occurred on the top edge of the longerons near geometric changes that affect component bending stiffness. Additionally, metallurgical analysis has revealed a local depletion in alloying elements in the crack initiation regions that may be a contributing factor. Fatigue crack propagation appeared to be initially driven by opening-mode loading, but at a crack length of approximately 0.5in. (12.7mm), there is evidence of mixed-mode crack loading. For the longest cracks studied, shear-mode displacements destroyed crack-surface features of interest over significant portions of the crack surfaces. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Failure Analysis is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - AIRFRAMES -- Fatigue
KW  - STIFFNESS (Engineering)
KW  - METALLURGICAL analysis
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - Aluminum alloy 7075
KW  - Crack
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Fatigue striation
KW  - Helicopter
N1  - Accession Number: 47362209; Newman, John A. 1; Email Address: john.a.newman@nasa.gov Baughman, James M. 2 Wallace, Terryl A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p416; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES -- Fatigue; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Engineering); Subject Term: METALLURGICAL analysis; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum alloy 7075; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue striation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helicopter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2009.08.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parnell, John
AU  - Boyce, Adrian
AU  - Thackrey, Scott
AU  - Muirhead, David
AU  - Lindgren, Paula
AU  - Mason, Charles
AU  - Taylor, Colin
AU  - Still, John
AU  - Bowden, Stephen
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
T1  - Sulfur isotope signatures for rapid colonization of an impact crater by thermophilic microbes.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 38
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 274
SN  - 00917613
AB  - In the 23-km-diameter Haughton impact structure, Canadian High Arctic, in sulfate-rich bedrock, widespread hydrothermal sulfide mineralization occurred in breccias formed during the impact. The sulfides exhibit extreme sulfur isotopic fractionation relative to the original sulfate, requiring microbial sulfate reduction by thermophiles throughout the crater. This evidence of widespread microbial activity demonstrates that colonization could occur within the lifetime of a moderately sized, impact-induced hydrothermal system. The pyrite was subsequently oxidized to jarosite, which may also have been microbially mediated. The successful detection of evidence for microbial life suggests that it would be a valuable technique to deploy in sulfate-rich impact terrain on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFUR isotopes
KW  - SHIELDS (Geology)
KW  - SULFATE minerals
KW  - THERMOPHILIC microorganisms
KW  - BRECCIA
N1  - Accession Number: 49192653; Parnell, John 1; Email Address: J.Parnell@abdn.ac.uk Boyce, Adrian 2 Thackrey, Scott 1 Muirhead, David 1 Lindgren, Paula 3 Mason, Charles 4 Taylor, Colin 1 Still, John 1 Bowden, Stephen 1 Osinski, Gordon R. 5 Lee, Pascal 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK  2: Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, Glasgow G75 0QF, UK  3: Department of Geology and Geochemistry, Stockholm University, SE10691 Sweden  4: Morehead State University, Morehead, Kentucky 40351, USA  5: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, Ontario N6A 4B8, Canada  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 90143, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 38 Issue 3, p271; Subject Term: SULFUR isotopes; Subject Term: SHIELDS (Geology); Subject Term: SULFATE minerals; Subject Term: THERMOPHILIC microorganisms; Subject Term: BRECCIA; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G30615.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roach, Leah H.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Swayze, Gregg
AU  - Milliken, Ralph E.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Lichtenberg, Kim
T1  - Hydrated mineral stratigraphy of Ius Chasma, Valles Marineris
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 206
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 253
EP  - 268
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: New high-resolution spectral and morphologic imaging of deposits on walls and floor of Ius Chasma extend previous geomorphic mapping, and permit a new interpretation of aqueous processes that occurred during the development of Valles Marineris. We identify hydrated mineralogy based on visible-near infrared (VNIR) absorptions. We map the extents of these units with CRISM spectral data as well as morphologies in CTX and HiRISE imagery. Three cross-sections across Ius Chasma illustrate the interpreted mineral stratigraphy. Multiple episodes formed and transported hydrated minerals within Ius Chasma. Polyhydrated sulfate and kieserite are found within a closed basin at the lowest elevations in the chasma. They may have been precipitates in a closed basin or diagenetically altered after deposition. Fluvial or aeolian processes then deposited layered Fe/Mg smectite and hydrated silicate on the chasma floor, postdating the sulfates. The smectite apparently was weathered out of Noachian-age wallrock and transported to the depositional sites. The overlying hydrated silicate is interpreted to be an acid-leached phyllosilicate transformed from the underlying smectite unit, or a smectite/jarosite mixture. The finely layered smectite and massive hydrated silicate units have an erosional unconformity between them, that marks a change in surface water chemistry. Landslides transported large blocks of wallrock, some altered to contain Fe/Mg smectite, to the chasma floor. After the last episode of normal faulting and subsequent landslides, opal was transported short distances into the chasma from a few m-thick light-toned layer near the top of the wallrock, by sapping channels in Louros Valles. Alternatively, the material was transported into the chasma and then altered to opal. The superposition of different types of hydrated minerals and the different fluvial morphologies of the units containing them indicate sequential, distinct aqueous environments, characterized by alkaline, then circum-neutral, and finally very acidic surface or groundwater chemistry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - ASTROMINERALOGY
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - CANYONS
KW  - SMECTITE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Mars, Surface
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 48120275; Roach, Leah H. 1; Email Address: leah_roach@brown.edu Mustard, John F. 1 Swayze, Gregg 2 Milliken, Ralph E. 3 Bishop, Janice L. 4 Murchie, Scott L. 5 Lichtenberg, Kim 6; Affiliation:  1: Dept. Geological Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: US Geological Survey, Branch of Geophysics, Box 25046, MS 964, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 183-30, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: The SETI Institute and NASA-Ames Research Center, Carl Sagan Center, 515 N. Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723, USA  6: Dept. Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr., Box 1169, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 206 Issue 1, p253; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: ASTROMINERALOGY; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: CANYONS; Subject Term: SMECTITE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dzik, Justin
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Ignition and combustion of n-heptane droplets in carbon dioxide enriched environments
JO  - International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 37
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 225
SN  - 07351933
AB  - Abstract: The ignition process and burning characteristics of fiber-supported n-heptane fuel droplets in carbon dioxide enriched and varying pressure environments have been studied under normal gravity. Measured values of droplet burning rates, flame dimensions, broad-band radiant emission, and ignition times were compared to droplets burning in standard air conditions. The burning rate constants increased with increasing carbon dioxide concentration or pressure. For 21% ambient oxygen concentration ignition was achieved for carbon dioxide concentrations up to 46% with the remaining being nitrogen. The experimental burning rates were compared to existing theoretical models. A flammability map for n-heptane burning under normal gravity as a function of carbon dioxide concentration and pressure was also developed using these results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Communications in Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMOBILE ignition
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - EMISSION control
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - NUCLEAR liquid drop model
KW  - Carbon dioxide enriched combustion
KW  - Droplet combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 47825324; Dzik, Justin 1 Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov Williams, Forman A. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 37 Issue 3, p221; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE ignition; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: EMISSION control; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: NUCLEAR liquid drop model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide enriched combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2009.10.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HWANG, S. M.
AU  - COOKE, J. A.
AU  - DE WITT, K. J.
AU  - RABINOWITZ, M. J.
T1  - Determination of the rate coefficients of the SO2 + O + M → SO3 + M reaction.
JO  - International Journal of Chemical Kinetics
JF  - International Journal of Chemical Kinetics
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 42
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 168
EP  - 180
SN  - 05388066
AB  - Rate coefficients of the title reaction R31 (SO2 + O + M → SO3 + M) and R56 (SO2 + HO2→ SO3 + OH), important in the conversion of S(IV) to S(VI), were obtained at T = 970–1150 K and ρave = 16.2 μmol cm-3 behind reflected shock waves by a perturbation method. Shock-heated H2/O2/Ar mixtures were perturbed by adding small amounts of SO2 (1%, 2%, and 3%) and the OH temporal profiles were then measured using laser absorption spectroscopy. Reaction rate coefficients were elucidated by matching the characteristic reaction times acquired from the individual experimental absorption profiles via simultaneous optimization of k31 and k56 values in the reaction modeling (for satisfactory matches to the observed characteristic times, it was necessary to take into account R56). In the experimental conditions of this study, R31 is in the low-pressure limit. The rate coefficient expressions fitted using the combined data of this study and the previous experimental results are k31,0/[Ar] = 2.9 × 1035 T-6.0 exp(-4780 K/T) + 6.1 × 1024 T-3.0 exp(-1980 K/T) cm6 mol-2 s-1 at T = 300–2500 K; k56 = 1.36 × 1011 exp(-3420 K/T) cm3 mol-1 s-1 at T = 970–1150 K. Computer simulations of typical aircraft engine environments, using the reaction mechanism with the above k31,0 and k56 expressions, gave the maximum S(IV) to S(VI) conversion yield of ca. 3.5% and 2.5% for the constant density and constant pressure flow condition, respectively. Moreover, maximum conversions occur at rather higher temperatures (∼1200 K) than that where the maximum k31,0 value is located (∼800 K). This is because the conversion yield is dependent upon not only the k31,0 and k56 values (production flux) but also the availability of H, O, and HO2 in the system (consumption flux). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<NOTER>*</NOTER><NOTE>This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America. </NOTE> Int J Chem Kinet 42: 168–180, 2010 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Chemical Kinetics is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ABSORPTION
N1  - Accession Number: 47927298; HWANG, S. M. 1 COOKE, J. A. 1 DE WITT, K. J. 1 RABINOWITZ, M. J. 2; Email Address: rabinowitz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606  2: Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Mail Stop 5-10, Brook Park, OH 44135; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 42 Issue 3, p168; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/kin.20472
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47927298&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salem, J.
AU  - Tandon, R.
T1  - Test method variability in slow crack growth properties of sealing glasses
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 557
EP  - 564
SN  - 01421123
AB  - Abstract: The crack growth properties of several sealing glasses were measured by using constant stress rate testing in ∼2% and 95% RH (relative humidity). Crack growth parameters measured in high humidity are systematically smaller (n and B) than those measured in low humidity, and crack velocities for dry environments are ∼100× lower than for wet environments. The crack velocity is very sensitivity to small changes in RH at low RH. Biaxial and uniaxial stress states produced similar parameters. Confidence intervals on crack growth parameters that were estimated from propagation of errors solutions were comparable to those from Monte Carlo simulation. Use of scratch-like and indentation flaws produced similar crack growth parameters when residual stresses were considered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEST methods
KW  - GLASS -- Fracture
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Connectors
KW  - Crack growth
KW  - Fracture toughness
KW  - Glass
N1  - Accession Number: 45417364; Salem, J. 1; Email Address: jonathan.a.salem@nasa.gov Tandon, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p557; Subject Term: TEST methods; Subject Term: GLASS -- Fracture; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Connectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2009.07.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, John C.
AU  - Jones, Gregory S.
AU  - Allan, Brian G.
AU  - Westra, Bryan W.
AU  - Collins, Scott W.
AU  - Zeune, Cale H.
T1  - Wake Measurement Downstream of a Hybrid Wing Body Model with Blown Flaps.
JO  - International Journal of Flow Control
JF  - International Journal of Flow Control
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 2
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 17568250
AB  - Flow-field measurements were obtained in the wake of a full-span Hybrid Wing Body model featuring steady blowing through internally blown flaps. The test was performed at the NASA Langley 14 × 22 Foot Subsonic Tunnel at low speeds. Off-body measurements were obtained with a 7-hole probe rake survey system. Three model configurations were investigated. At 0° angle of attack the surveys were completed with 0° and 60° flap deflections. At 10° angle of attack the wake surveys were completed with a slat and a 60° flap deflection. The 7-hole probe results further quantified two known swirling regions (downstream of the outboard flap edge and the inboard/outboard flap juncture) for the 60° flap cases with blowing at both angles of attack. Flow-field results and the general trends are very similar for the two blowing cases at nozzle pressure ratios of 1.37 and 1.56. High downwash velocities correlated with the enhanced lift for the 60° flap cases with blowing. Jet-induced effects are the largest at the most inboard station for all (three) velocity components due in part to the larger inboard slot height. The experimental data are being used for the validation of computational tools for high-lift wings with integrated powered-lift technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Flow Control is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPEED
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 52292608; Lin, John C. 1 Jones, Gregory S. 1 Allan, Brian G. 1 Westra, Bryan W. 2 Collins, Scott W. 2 Zeune, Cale H. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681, USA  2: Northrop Grumman Corporation, El Segundo, California, 90245, USA  3: Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio, 45433, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 2 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Manikandan
AU  - Wilson, Jacob S.
AU  - Martin, Preston B.
T1  - Interaction of Synthetic Jet with Boundary Layer Using Microscopic Particle Image Velocimetry.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 404
EP  - 404
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The aerodynamic interaction between an unsteady, inclined synthetic jet and a crossflow boundary layer was studied as a precursor toward applying active flow control concepts for rotor applications, such as dynamic stall control and fuselage drag reduction. Because the flowfield offered numerous challenges from a measurement perspective, several experiments were carried out using a phase-locked, two-dimensional microscopic particle image velocity technique in a building block approach, by adding one complexity after another. The procedure began with boundary layer measurements made on a simple flat plate using the microscopic particle image velocity technique. Velocity measurements were made deep in the viscous sublayer, as close as 20µm from the surface. Following this, the synthetic jet actuator was characterized while operating in quiescent air as well as in crossflow. The results showed that the evolution of the synthetic jet in crossflow was substantially different from its evolution in quiescent air, suggesting that any flow physics or performance prediction (for example, the depth of penetration of the jet into the boundary layer) made based on the quiescent flow conditions may not be applicable in crossflow. All the momentum added to the boundary layer had its source from the synthetic jet actuator, and the penetration of the jet was limited to the viscous sublayer and log layer; the outer layer was unaffected, despite using a jet to freestream velocity ratio of four. Significant effort was also made to validate the microscopic particle image velocity technique and evaluate its capability to accurately resolve such a complex flowfield. To this end, microscopic particle image velocity measurements were compared with hot-wire measurements made on a simple steady jet, as well as an unsteady, periodic synthetic jet. Excellent correlation was found between the two techniques, validating microscopic particle image velocity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HEMI engine
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - JET planes
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 49759750; Ramasamy, Manikandan 1; Email Address: mani.ramasamy@us.army.mil Wilson, Jacob S. 2; Email Address: jacob.s.wilson@us.army.mil Martin, Preston B. 2; Email Address: preston.b.martin@us.army.mil; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p404; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HEMI engine; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45794
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49759750&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
AU  - Massey, Steven J.
AU  - Pao, S. Paul
T1  - Numerical Study of Flow Past Circular Cylinder Using Hybrid Turbulence Formulations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 434
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Two multiscale-type turbulence models are implemented in the PAB3D solver. The models are based on modifying Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The first scheme is a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large eddy simulation model using the two-equation kε model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes and large eddy simulation transition function dependent on grid spacing and the computed turbulence length scale. The second scheme is a modified version of the partially averaged Navier-Stokes model, where the unresolved kinetic energy parameter fk is allowed to vary as a function of grid spacing and the turbulence length scale. Solutions from these models are compared to Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes results and experimental data for a stationary and rotating cylinder. The parameter fk varies between zero and one and has the characteristic to be equal to one in the viscous sublayer, and when the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulent viscosity becomes smaller than the large eddy simulation viscosity. The formulation, usage methodology, and validation example are presented to demonstrate the enhancement of PAB3D's time-accurate and turbulence modeling capabilities. The models are compared to Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes results and experimental data for turbulent separated flows and laminar separated flows around stationary and rotating cylinders. For a stationary cylinder, the turbulent separated case is accurately simulated using the general two-equation kε turbulence model (eddy-viscosity model). PAB3D accurately predicts the drag coefficient CD, lift coefficient CL, and the Strouhal number St. The laminar separated case was a challenge for the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computation with an eddy-viscosity turbulence model. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes with large eddy simulation and partially averaged Navier-Stokes performed well and showed marked improvements over the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solution. The modified partially averaged Navier-Stokes model was the most accurate. For the rotating cylinder, the spin ratio varied from zero to one, and the partially averaged Navier-Stokes results were in good agreement with published experimental data. Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes with large eddy simulation and partially averaged Navier-Stokes capture both temporal and spatial fluctuations and produce large-scale structures that do not occur in the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation. The current results show promise for the capability of partially averaged Navier-Stokes in simulating unsteady and complex flow phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 49759724; Elmiligui, Alaa 1 Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. 1 Massey, Steven J. 2 Pao, S. Paul 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Eagle Aeronautics, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23669; Source Info: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p434; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.18765
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49759724&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Jones, William T.
T1  - Adjoint-Based Design of Rotors in a Noninertial Reference Frame.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 638
EP  - 638
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Optimization of rotorcraft flowfields using an adjoint method generally requires a time-dependent implementation of the equations. The current study examines an intermediate approach in which a subset of rotor flowfields are cast as steady problems in a noninertial reference frame. This technique permits the use of an existing steady-state adjoint formulation with minor modifications to perform sensitivity analyses. The formulation is valid for isolated rigid rotors in hover or where the freestream velocity is aligned with the axis of rotation. Discrete consistency of the implementation is demonstrated by using comparisons with a complex-variable technique, and a number of single and multipoint optimizations for the rotorcraft figure of merit function are shown for varying blade collective angles. Design trends are shown to remain consistent as the grid is refined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - SPEED
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 49759758; Nielsen, Eric J. 1 Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M. 1 Jones, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p638; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238130 Framing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49759758&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, Rodger A.
T1  - Optimizing the Performance of Pilot Control Loaders at NASA Vertical Motion Simulator.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 682
EP  - 682
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Vertical Motion Simulator at NASA Ames Research Center uses a large array of pilot control loaders to simulate the cockpit control interfaces for a range of current and proposed future aircraft, from fixed-wing transports and fighters to rotorcraft. To meet the evolving pilot control force cueing requirements of researchers, we have provided a wider dynamic range, improved frequency response, and created smoother motion results. These improvements have focused on fine-tuning the pilot control loader's analog controller and transducers as well as defining better procedures for optimizing frequency response characteristics. Using the pitch axis on a McFadden wheel and column-type controller as an example, this paper details the optimization procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 49759741; Mueller, Rodger A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p682; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45073
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49759741&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
AU  - Garg, Sanjay
T1  - Optimal Tuner Selection for Kalman Filter-Based Aircraft Engine Performance Estimation.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 132
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 316011
EP  - 3160110
SN  - 07424795
AB  - A linear point design methodology for minimizing the error in on-line Kalman filter-based aircraft engine performance estimation applications is presented. This technique specifically addresses the underdetermined estimation problem, where there are more unknown parameters than available sensor measurements. A systematic approach is applied to produce a model tuning parameter vector of appropriate dimension to enable estimation by a Kalman fllter while minimizing the estimation error in the parameters of interest. Tuning parameter selection is performed using a multivariable iterative search routine that seeks to minimize the theoretical mean-squared estimation error. This paper derives theoretical Kalman filter estimation error bias and variance values at steady-state operating conditions, and presents the tuner selection routine applied to minimize these values. Results from the application of the technique to an aircraft engine simulation are presented and compared with the conventional approach of tuner selection. Experimental simulation results are found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions. The new methodology is shown to yield a significant improvement in on-line engine performance estimation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - PREVENTION
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
N1  - Accession Number: 47843507; Simon, Donald L. 1 Garg, Sanjay 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 77-1 Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 132 Issue 3, p316011; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.3157096
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gnoffo, Peter A.
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Thompson, Richard A.
T1  - Implementation of Radiation, Ablation, and Free Energy Minimization in Hypersonic Simulations.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 257
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A description of models and boundary conditions required for loose coupling of radiation and ablation physics to a hypersonic flow simulation is provided. Chemical equilibrium routines for varying elemental mass fractions are required in the flow solver to integrate with the equilibrium chemistry assumption employed in the ablation models. The capability also enables an equilibrium catalytic wall boundary condition in the nonablating case. The paper focuses on numerical implementation issues using FIRE II, Mars return, and Apollo 4 applications to provide context for discussion. Variable relaxation factors applied to the Jacobian elements of partial equilibrium relations required for convergence are defined. Challenges of strong radiation coupling in a shock capturing algorithm are addressed. Results are presented to show how the current suite of models responds to a wide variety of conditions involving coupled radiation and ablation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - JACOBIAN matrices
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
N1  - Accession Number: 50242239; Gnoffo, Peter A. 1 Johnston, Christopher O. 1 Thompson, Richard A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p251; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: JACOBIAN matrices; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.44916
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50242239&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hickman, Joseph W.
AU  - Wilhite, Alan
AU  - Stanley, Douglas
AU  - Komar, David R.
T1  - Optimization of the Mars Ascent Vehicle for Human Space Exploration.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/03//Mar/Apr2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 361
EP  - 370
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper presents an analysis of the ascent stage to be used in future human missions to Mars, commonly known as the Mars Ascent Vehicle. The focus of the analysis is to minimize the initial mass, which must be delivered to low-- Earth orbit to have a fully functioning Mars Ascent Vehicle. At the end of the surface mission, the Mars Ascent Vehicle takes the astronauts from the Martian surface to the orbiting Earth Return Vehicle. Systems analysis tools are used to help identify the most influential mass drivers. The main focus of the analysis is on the optimization of the propulsion system, including the type of propellant, oxidizer-to-fuel ratio, type of feed system, nozzle area ratio, and initial thrust-to-weight ratio of the system. A full factorial analysis shows that oxygen/hydrogen, pump-fed engines with a two-stage cryocooler are the best option for a mission scenario for propellant brought from Earth. If in-situ resource utilization is used to produce the necessary propellant on the Martian surface, oxygen/methane pump-fed engines become the best option in terms of minimizing the initial mass in low Earth orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Fuel
KW  - FACTOR analysis
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - ORBIT
N1  - Accession Number: 50242250; Hickman, Joseph W. 1 Wilhite, Alan 1 Stanley, Douglas 1 Komar, David R. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Mar/Apr2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p361; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Fuel; Subject Term: FACTOR analysis; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: ORBIT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Anning Cheng
AU  - Minghua Zhang
T1  - Cloud-Resolving Simulation of Low-Cloud Feedback to an Increase in Sea Surface Temperature.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 67
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 730
EP  - 748
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This study investigates the physical mechanisms of the low cloud feedback through cloud-resolving simulations of cloud-radiative equilibrium response to an increase in sea surface temperature (SST). Six pairs of perturbed and control simulations are performed to represent different regimes of low clouds in the subtropical region by specifying SST differences (ΔSST) in the range of 4 and 14 K between the warm tropical and cool subtropical regions. The SST is uniformly increased by 2 K in the perturbed set of simulations. Equilibrium states are characterized by cumulus and stratocumulus cloud regimes with variable thicknesses and vertical extents for the range of specified ΔSSTs, with the perturbed set of simulations having higher cloud bases and tops and larger geometric thicknesses. The cloud feedback effect is negative for this ΔSST range (−0.68 to −5.22 W m−2 K−1) while the clear-sky feedback effect is mostly negative (−1.45 to 0.35 W m−2 K−1). The clear-sky feedback effect contributes greatly to the climate sensitivity parameter for the cumulus cloud regime whereas the cloud feedback effect dominates for the stratocumulus regime. The increase of liquid water path (LWP) and cloud optical depth is related to the increase of cloud thickness and liquid water content with SST. The rates of change in surface latent heat flux are much higher than those of saturation water vapor pressure in the cumulus simulations. The increase in surface latent heat flux is the primary mechanism for the large change of cloud physical properties with +2 K SST, which leads to the negative cloud feedback effects. The changes in cloud fraction also contribute to the negative cloud feedback effects in the cumulus regime. Comparison of these results with prior modeling studies is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - CUMULUS clouds
KW  - STRATUS clouds
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - Cloud-radiative effects
KW  - Cloud-resolving models
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Sea surface temperature
KW  - Stratiform clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 52009504; Kuan-Man Xu 1; Email Address: kuan-man.xu@nasa.gov Anning Cheng 2 Minghua Zhang 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  3: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 67 Issue 3, p730; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: OCEAN-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: CUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: STRATUS clouds; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-radiative effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-resolving models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cumulus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratiform clouds; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAS3239.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52009504&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SANDFORD, Scott A.
AU  - BAJT, Saša
AU  - CLEMETT, Simon J.
AU  - CODY, George D.
AU  - COOPER, George
AU  - DEGREGORIO, Bradley T.
AU  - De VERA, Vanessa
AU  - DWORKIN, Jason P.
AU  - ELSILA, Jamie E.
AU  - FLYNN, George J.
AU  - GLAVIN, Daniel P.
AU  - LANZIROTTI, Antonio
AU  - LIMERO, Thomas
AU  - MARTIN, Mildred P.
AU  - SNEAD, Christopher J.
AU  - SPENCER, Maegan K.
AU  - STEPHAN, Thomas
AU  - WESTPHAL, Andrew
AU  - WIRICK, Sue
AU  - ZARE, Richard N.
T1  - Assessment and control of organic and other contaminants associated with the Stardust sample return from comet 81P/Wild 2.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 406
EP  - 433
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - Numerous potential sources of organic contaminants could have greatly complicated the interpretation of the organic portions of the samples returned from comet 81P/Wild 2 by the Stardust spacecraft. Measures were taken to control and assess potential organic (and other) contaminants during the design, construction, and flight of the spacecraft, and during and after recovery of the sample return capsule. Studies of controls and the returned samples suggest that many of these potential sources did not contribute any significant material to the collectors. In particular, contamination from soils at the recovery site and materials associated with the ablation of the heatshield do not appear to be significant problems. The largest source of concern is associated with the C present in the original aerogel. The relative abundance of this carbon can vary between aerogel tiles and even within individual tiles. This C was fortunately not distributed among a complex mixture of organics, but was instead largely present in a few simple forms (mostly as Si-CH3 groups). In most cases, the signature of returned cometary organics can be readily distinguished from contaminants through their different compositions, nonterrestrial isotopic ratios, and/or association with other cometary materials. However, some conversion of the carbon indigenous to the flight aerogel appears to have happened during particle impact, and some open issues remain regarding how this C may be processed into new forms during the hypervelocity impact collection of the comet dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLLUTANTS -- Environmental aspects
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Contamination
KW  - ORGANIC water pollutants
KW  - COMETS
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - AEROGELS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 65005609; SANDFORD, Scott A. 1; Email Address: scott.a.sandford@nasa.gov BAJT, Saša 2 CLEMETT, Simon J. 3 CODY, George D. 4 COOPER, George 5 DEGREGORIO, Bradley T. 6 De VERA, Vanessa 7 DWORKIN, Jason P. 8 ELSILA, Jamie E. 8 FLYNN, George J. 9 GLAVIN, Daniel P. 8 LANZIROTTI, Antonio 10 LIMERO, Thomas 7 MARTIN, Mildred P. 8,11 SNEAD, Christopher J. 12 SPENCER, Maegan K. 13 STEPHAN, Thomas 14 WESTPHAL, Andrew 15 WIRICK, Sue 16 ZARE, Richard N. 17; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Astrophysics Branch, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  2: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA #Present address: DESY Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany  3: ERC, Inc./NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  4: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA  5: NASA-Ames Research Center, Astrobiology Branch, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  6: Naval Research Lab., Code 6366, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, D.C. 20375-5320, USA  7: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  8: Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  9: Physics Department, SUNY Plattsburgh, 101 Broad Street, Plattsburgh, New York 12901, USA  10: CARS, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA  11: The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA  12: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, UCLA, California 90095-1567, USA  13: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA Present address: Sawtooth Labs, Inc., Redwood City, California 94063, USA  14: Department of the Geophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA  15: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA  16: Physics and Astronomy Department, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA  17: Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p406; Subject Term: POLLUTANTS -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Contamination; Subject Term: ORGANIC water pollutants; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: AEROGELS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01031.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Wanda L.
AU  - de Pater, Imke
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Rain infiltration and crust formation in the extreme arid zone of the Atacama Desert, Chile
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 616
EP  - 622
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: A key question in understanding life on Mars under dry(ing) conditions is how arid soils respond to small levels of liquid water. We have conducted a series of simulated rain experiments in the hyperarid core region of the Atacama Desert. Rain amounts from 0.24 to 3.55mm were applied in the early evening to the soil. We conclude that rain events of less than 1mm do not saturate the surface, and the soil humidity at the surface remains below 100%. Rain events of 2mm or more generate free water in the pore space of the soil surface, which may be necessary to support biological activity in the soil. The crust on the surface of the soil is a strong barrier to the diffusion of subsurface moisture and subsequent evaporation. Our results show that once the relative humidity in hyperarid soils begins to fall below 100% the rate of decrease is quite rapid. Thus, the precise value assumed for the limits of life or water activity, do not appreciably change the time of water availability resulting from small desert rains. The Atacama Desert results may be applied to models of (H2O) wetting in the upper soils of Mars due to light rains, melting snow and heavy precipitating fog. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - SOIL crusting
KW  - RAINWATER
KW  - WATER purification
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology -- Earth analogs
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Experimental rainwater infiltration
KW  - Hyperarid
KW  - Mars analogue
KW  - Soil crust
KW  - Soil moisture
N1  - Accession Number: 48148346; Davis, Wanda L. 1,2,3; Email Address: Wanda.L.Davis@nasa.gov de Pater, Imke 2; Email Address: idepater@astron.berkeley.edu McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: Christopher.P.McKay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Earth & Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94270, USA  3: Carl Sagan Center for Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, Ca 94043, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p616; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: SOIL crusting; Subject Term: RAINWATER; Subject Term: WATER purification; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology -- Earth analogs; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental rainwater infiltration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperarid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars analogue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil crust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2009.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Cockell, Charles S.
AU  - Snook, Kelly
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.S.
AU  - Braham, Stephen
T1  - Field geology on the Moon: Some lessons learned from the exploration of the Haughton impact structure, Devon Island, Canadian High Arctic
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/03//
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 646
EP  - 657
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: With the prospect of humans returning to Moon by the end of the next decade, considerable attention is being paid to technologies required to transport astronauts to the lunar surface and then to be able to carry out surface science. Recent and ongoing initiatives have focused on scientific questions to be asked. In contrast, few studies have addressed how these scientific priorities will be achieved. In this contribution, we provide some of the lessons learned from the exploration of the Haughton impact structure, an ideal lunar analogue site in the Canadian Arctic. Essentially, by studying how geologists carry out field science, we can provide guidelines for lunar surface operations. Our goal in this contribution is to inform the engineers and managers involved in mission planning, rather than the field geology community. Our results show that the exploration of the Haughton impact structure can be broken down into 3 distinct phases: (1) reconnaissance; (2) systematic regional-scale mapping and sampling; and (3) detailed local-scale mapping and sampling. This break down is similar to the classic scientific method practiced by field geologists of regional exploratory mapping followed by directed mapping at a local scale, except that we distinguish between two different phases of exploratory mapping. Our data show that the number of stops versus the number of samples collected versus the amount of data collected varied depending on the mission phase, as does the total distance covered per EVA. Thus, operational scenarios could take these differences into account, depending on the goals and duration of the mission. Important lessons learned include the need for flexibility in mission planning in order to account for serendipitous discoveries, the highlighting of key “science supersites” that may require return visits, the need for a rugged but simple human-operated rover, laboratory space in the habitat, and adequate room for returned samples, both in the habitat and in the return vehicle. The proposed set of recommendations ideally should be tried and tested in future analogue missions at terrestrial impact sites prior to planetary missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR geology
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - MOON
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - DEVON Island (Nunavut)
KW  - NUNAVUT
KW  - Analogues
KW  - Apollo
KW  - Human exploration
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 48148350; Osinski, Gordon R. 1; Email Address: gosinski@uwo.ca Lee, Pascal 2 Cockell, Charles S. 3 Snook, Kelly 3,4 Lim, Darlene S.S. 5 Braham, Stephen 6; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Earth Sciences/Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7  2: Mars Institute, SETI Institute, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Centre for Earth, Planetary, Space and Astronomical Research, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  6: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada V5A 1S6; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p646; Subject Term: LUNAR geology; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: DEVON Island (Nunavut); Subject Term: NUNAVUT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analogues; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apollo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2009.10.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Chris
T1  - Is there anybody out there?
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2010/03/04/
VL  - 464
IS  - 7285
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 34
EP  - 34
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article reviews the book "The Eerie Silence: Renewing Our Search for Alien Intelligence/Are We Alone In The Universe?," by Paul Davies.
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - DAVIES, Paul
KW  - EERIE Silence: Renewing Our Search for Alien Intelligence, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 48371146; McKay, Chris 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.; Source Info: 3/4/2010, Vol. 464 Issue 7285, p34; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: EERIE Silence: Renewing Our Search for Alien Intelligence, The (Book); People: DAVIES, Paul; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1038/464034a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pines, Vladimir
AU  - Zlatkowski, Marianna
AU  - Chait, Arnon
T1  - Charging of dust grains by anisotropic solar wind multi-component plasma
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/03/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 812
EP  - 822
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: In this paper we study the charging process of small grain particles by anisotropic multi-component solar wind plasmas (electrons, protons and heavy ions), versus two-component (electron/proton) plasmas. We are focusing attention on the important characteristics of the charging process, namely the charging time, floating potential and current content as functions of plasma parameters such as He++/H+ (α/p) number density and Tα /T p temperature ratios of alpha particles to protons, as well as plasma streaming velocity v 0. Measured statistical properties of solar wind plasma parameters at 1AU show considerable variations in α/p-temperature ratios from 1 to 10, in α/p-number density ratio from 0.01 to 0.35, as well as in values of streaming velocity v 0 from 200km/s to 1000km/s and more. Periods of these variations could last for several days each, leading to significant variability in the charging process, according to newly derived general analytical expressions. Numerical calculations performed for protons/alphas plasmas showed large disparity in the charging characteristics. For example, in anisotropic plasma, grain charging time varies up to 90% depending on α/p-particles temperature and number density ratios, whereas changes in floating potential are up to 40%. In contrast, in isotropic plasma, charging characteristic for grains do not change very much for the same plasma parameters variations, with charging time varying about 12% and floating potential only varying about 4%. It is also shown that in highly anisotropic plasma, with all ballistic electrons and ions, dust grains could not hold their charges, and characteristic discharged time is calculated. We note that the analysis is equally applicable to any sized body immersed in solar wind plasma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - BALLISTICS
KW  - MOON
KW  - Dusty plasma
KW  - Moon environment
KW  - Solar wind plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 48259422; Pines, Vladimir; Email Address: vpines@oh.rr.com Zlatkowski, Marianna 1 Chait, Arnon 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p812; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: BALLISTICS; Subject Term: MOON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dusty plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind plasma; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.10.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, J. N.
AU  - Burns, J. A.
AU  - Charnoz, S.
AU  - Clark, R. N.
AU  - Colwell, J. E.
AU  - Dones, L.
AU  - Esposito, L. W.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - French, R. G.
AU  - Hedman, M. M.
AU  - Kempf, S.
AU  - Marouf, E. A.
AU  - Murray, C. D.
AU  - Nicholson, P. D.
AU  - Porco, C. C.
AU  - Schmidt, J.
AU  - Showalter, M. R.
AU  - Spilker, L. J.
AU  - Spitale, J. N.
AU  - Srama, R.
T1  - An Evolving View of Saturn's Dynamic Rings.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/03/19/
VL  - 327
IS  - 5972
M3  - Article
SP  - 1470
EP  - 1475
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We review our understanding of Saturn's rings after nearly 6 years of observations by the Cassini spacecraft. Saturn's rings are composed mostly of water ice but also contain an undetermined reddish contaminant. The rings exhibit a range of structure across many spatial scales; some of this involves the interplay of the fluid nature and the self-gravity of innumerable orbiting centimeter- to meter-sized particles, and the effects of several peripheral and embedded moonlets, but much remains unexplained. A few aspects of ring structure change on time scales as short as days. It remains unclear whether the vigorous evolutionary processes to which the rings are subject imply a much younger age than that of the solar system. Processes on view at Saturn have parallels in circumstellar disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - WATER -- Research
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Orbits
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ORIGIN
N1  - Accession Number: 48969970; Cuzzi, J. N. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.cuzzi@nasa.gov Burns, J. A. 2 Charnoz, S. 3 Clark, R. N. 4 Colwell, J. E. 5 Dones, L. 6 Esposito, L. W. 7 Filacchione, G. 8 French, R. G. 9 Hedman, M. M. 2 Kempf, S. 10 Marouf, E. A. 11 Murray, C. D. 12 Nicholson, P. D. 2 Porco, C. C. 13 Schmidt, J. 14 Showalter, M. R. 15 Spilker, L. J. 16 Spitale, J. N. 13 Srama, R. 10; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, NASA, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  3: Laboratoire Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Université Paris Diderot/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique/CNRS, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France  4: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA  6: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  7: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA  8: Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Rome 00133, Italy  9: Astronomy Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA  10: Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany  11: Electrical Engineering Department, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  12: Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK  13: Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS), Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  14: Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Germany  15: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  16: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: 3/19/2010, Vol. 327 Issue 5972, p1470; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in remote sensing; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: WATER -- Research; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Orbits; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Margaret B.
AU  - Michelsen, Rebecca R.H.
AU  - Axson, Jessica L.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
T1  - Uptake of acetone, acetaldehyde and ethanol in cold sulfuric acid solutions containing organic material: Carbon accretion mechanisms
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/03/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1145
EP  - 1151
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: The solubilities of acetone, ethanol and acetaldehyde in cold ternary solutions composed of 38.4–75.0 wt% sulfuric acid in water with additional dissolved organic material have been measured over the temperature range 214.4–238.5 K using a Knudsen cell reactor. The solubility of acetaldehyde in H2SO4/H2O is enhanced by an order of magnitude by the presence of ethanol or acetone. The reactive uptake of acetaldehyde is enhanced by the presence of formaldehyde in acid solution. No significant formation of acetals from ethanol with carbonyl partners was observed. The solubility of acetone is unaffected by the presence of ethanol in solution and vice versa. Only polymerization of small aldehydes offers a potentially significant route to the accretion of organic material into acidic particles in the upper troposphere. The acid-catalyzed polymerization of aldehydes, RC(H)#xa0;R′C(H)ds through the hydrated forms of the aldehydes, is optimized at acidities around 40 wt% H2SO4, and can potentially accumulate significant amounts (>20%) of organic material by mass in upper tropospheric particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACETONE
KW  - ACETALDEHYDE
KW  - ALCOHOL
KW  - SULFURIC acid
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - Acid-catalyzed
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Carbonyl
KW  - Liquid-phase reaction
KW  - Organic
N1  - Accession Number: 48349010; Williams, Margaret B. 1 Michelsen, Rebecca R.H. 2 Axson, Jessica L. 2 Iraci, Laura T. 1; Email Address: Laura.T.Iraci@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Science Branch, MS 245-5, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, VA 23005, USA; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 44 Issue 9, p1145; Subject Term: ACETONE; Subject Term: ACETALDEHYDE; Subject Term: ALCOHOL; Subject Term: SULFURIC acid; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acid-catalyzed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbonyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid-phase reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.12.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bochsler, Peter
AU  - Lee, Martin A.
AU  - Karrer, Reto
AU  - Popecki, Mark A.
AU  - Galvin, Antoinette B.
AU  - Kistler, Lynn M.
AU  - Möbius, Eberhard
AU  - Farrugia, Charles J.
AU  - Kucharek, Harald
AU  - Simunac, Kristin D. C.
AU  - Blush, Lisa M.
AU  - Daoudi, Hagar
AU  - Wurz, Peter
AU  - Klecker, Berndt
AU  - Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.
AU  - Thompson, Barbara
AU  - Luhmann, Janet G.
AU  - Jian, Lan K.
AU  - Russell, Christopher T.
AU  - Opitz, Andrea
T1  - Kinetic temperatures of iron ions in the solar wind observed with STEREO/PLASTIC.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/03/25/
VL  - 1216
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 260
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - STEREO/PLASTIC provides detailed information on the three-dimensional velocity distributions of solar wind iron ions with a time resolution of 5 minutes. In general the distributions at 1 AU contain complicated structures showing persistence over several records, i.e., over intervals of up to 30 minutes, but no clear correlation of the properties of these distributions with the direction of the ambient magnetic field is evident. We have performed a statistical analysis using nearly 9000 observations. Iron ions follow the same trends as protons, alpha particles, and electrons: The ratio T⊥/T| seems to be limited by the ion cyclotron instability, whereas T|/T⊥ is bounded by the firehose instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - SOLAR corona
KW  - IONS
KW  - minor ions
KW  - Solar wind plasma
KW  - velocity distributions
N1  - Accession Number: 48944151; Bochsler, Peter 1,2 Lee, Martin A. 1 Karrer, Reto 3 Popecki, Mark A. 1 Galvin, Antoinette B. 1 Kistler, Lynn M. 1 Möbius, Eberhard 1 Farrugia, Charles J. 1 Kucharek, Harald 1 Simunac, Kristin D. C. 1 Blush, Lisa M. 3 Daoudi, Hagar 3 Wurz, Peter 3 Klecker, Berndt 4 Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F. 5 Thompson, Barbara 6 Luhmann, Janet G. 7 Jian, Lan K. 8 Russell, Christopher T. 8 Opitz, Andrea 9; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.  2: Bahnhofstrasse 54, CH-3127 Mühlethurnen, Switzerland.  3: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.  4: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, D-85471 Garching, Germany.  5: Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Leibnizstrasse 11, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  7: Space Science Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.  8: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.  9: Centre d'Etude Spatiale des Rayonnements (CNRS-UPS), F-31028 Toulouse, France.; Source Info: 3/25/2010, Vol. 1216 Issue 1, p257; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: SOLAR corona; Subject Term: IONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: minor ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: velocity distributions; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3395850
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Palczer, A.
T1  - Thermal expansion of vacuum plasma sprayed coatings
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2010/03/25/
VL  - 527
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2129
EP  - 2135
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Metallic Cu–8%Cr, Cu–26%Cr, Cu–8%Cr–1%Al, NiAl and NiCrAlY monolithic coatings were fabricated by vacuum plasma spray deposition processes for thermal expansion property measurements between 293 and 1223K. The corrected thermal expansion, (ΔL/L 0)thermal, varies with the absolute temperature, T, as where A, B, C and D are regression constants. Excellent reproducibility was observed for all of the coatings except for data obtained on the Cu–8%Cr and Cu–26%Cr coatings in the first heat-up cycle, which deviated from those determined in the subsequent cycles. This deviation is attributed to the presence of residual stresses developed during the spraying of the coatings, which are relieved after the first heat-up cycle. In the cases of Cu–8%Cr and NiAl, the thermal expansion data were observed to be reproducible for three specimens. The linear expansion data for Cu–8%Cr and Cu–26%Cr agree extremely well with rule of mixture (ROM) predictions. Comparison of the data for the Cu–8%Cr coating with literature data for Cr and Cu revealed that the thermal expansion behavior of this alloy is determined by the Cu-rich matrix. The data for NiAl and NiCrAlY are in excellent agreement with published results irrespective of composition and the methods used for processing the materials. The implications of these results on coating GRCop-84 copper alloy combustor liners for reusable launch vehicles are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA spraying
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - CHEMICAL systems
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - MIXTURES
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Copper alloy coatings
KW  - Launch vehicles
KW  - NiAl coating
KW  - NiCrAlY coating
KW  - Thermal expansion
KW  - Vacuum plasma sprayed coatings
N1  - Accession Number: 47956682; Raj, S.V.; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Palczer, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2010, Vol. 527 Issue 7/8, p2129; Subject Term: PLASMA spraying; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: CHEMICAL systems; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper alloy coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Launch vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiAl coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiCrAlY coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal expansion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vacuum plasma sprayed coatings; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2009.11.064
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allner, Matthew
AU  - McKay, Chris
AU  - Coe, Liza
AU  - Rask, Jon
AU  - Paradise, Jim
AU  - Judson Wynne, J.
T1  - NASA's explorer school and spaceward bound programs: Insights into two education programs designed to heighten public support for space science initiatives
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 66
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1280
EP  - 1284
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Introduction: NASA has played an influential role in bringing the enthusiasm of space science to schools across the United States since the 1980s. The evolution of this public outreach has led to a variety of NASA funded education programs designed to promote student interest in science, technology, engineering, math, and geography (STEM-G) careers. Purpose: This paper investigates the educational outreach initiatives, structure, and impact of two of NASA''s largest educational programs: the NASA Explorer School (NES) and NASA Spaceward Bound programs. Results: Since its induction in 2003 the NES program has networked and provided resources to over 300 schools across the United States. Future directions include further development of mentor schools for each new NES school selected, while also developing a longitudinal student tracking system for NES students to monitor their future involvement in STEM-G careers. The Spaceward Bound program, now in its third year of teacher outreach, is looking to further expand its teacher network and scientific collaboration efforts, while building on its teacher mentorship framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - PUBLIC support
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Community of Partners (CoPs)
KW  - Field documentation methodologies
KW  - Lockheed Martin
KW  - Mars analog sites
KW  - NASA Explorer School program (NES)
KW  - NASA Spaceward Bound program
KW  - Science education outreach
KW  - STEM
KW  - STEM-G
KW  - LOCKHEED Martin
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 47824396; Allner, Matthew 1; Email Address: mjallner@msn.com McKay, Chris 2; Email Address: cmckay@mail.arc.nasa.gov Coe, Liza 2; Email Address: lcoe@mail.arc.nasa.gov Rask, Jon 2; Email Address: jon.c.rask@nasa.gov Paradise, Jim 3; Email Address: jparadise@comcast.net Judson Wynne, J. 4; Email Address: jut.wynne@nau.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of North Dakota, Space Studies Department, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  3: Lockheed Martin, USA  4: USGS-Southwest Biological Science Center and Northern Arizona University, Department of Biological Sciences, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 66 Issue 7/8, p1280; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: PUBLIC support; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community of Partners (CoPs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Field documentation methodologies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lockheed Martin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars analog sites; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Explorer School program (NES); Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Spaceward Bound program; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science education outreach; Author-Supplied Keyword: STEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: STEM-G; Company/Entity: LOCKHEED Martin DUNS Number: 834951691 Ticker: LMT Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration DUNS Number:  Ticker: ; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.09.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - AGOGINO, ADRIAN
AU  - TUMER, KAGAN
T1  - A MULTIAGENT COORDINATION APPROACH TO ROBUST CONSENSUS CLUSTERING.
JO  - Advances in Complex Systems
JF  - Advances in Complex Systems
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 197
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02195259
AB  - In many distributed modeling, control or information processing applications, clustering patterns that share certain similarities is the critical first step. However, many traditional clustering algorithms require centralized processing, reliable data collection and the availability of all the raw data in one place at one time. None of these requirement can be met in many complex real world problems. In this paper, we present an agent-based method for combining multiple base clusterings into a single unified "consensus" clustering that is robust against many types of failures and does not require spatial/temporal synchronization. In this approach, agents process clusterings coming from separate sources and pool them to produce a unified consensus. The first contribution of this work is to provide an adaptive method by which the agents update their selections to maximize an objective function based on the quality of the consensus clustering. The second contribution of this work is in providing intermediate agent-specific objective functions that significantly improve the quality of the consensus clustering process. Our results show that this agent-based method achieves comparable or better performance than traditional non-agent consensus clustering methods in fault-free conditions, and remains effective under a wide range of failure scenarios that paralyze the traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Complex Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Statistics)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Personality trait)
KW  - Consensus clustering
KW  - distributed clustering
KW  - multiagent clustering
N1  - Accession Number: 50356056; AGOGINO, ADRIAN 1; Email Address: adrian.k.agogino@nasa.gov TUMER, KAGAN 2; Email Address: kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu; Affiliation:  1: UCSC, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 269-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Oregon State University, 204 Rogers Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p165; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Personality trait); Author-Supplied Keyword: Consensus clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: distributed clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiagent clustering; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1142/S0219525910002499
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Myung-Hee Y.
AU  - Qualls, Garry D.
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
T1  - Comparison of organ dose and dose equivalent for human phantoms of CAM vs. MAX
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 850
EP  - 857
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: For the evaluation of organ dose and dose equivalent of astronauts on space shuttle and the International Space Station (ISS) missions, the CAMERA models of CAM (Computerized Anatomical Male) and CAF (Computerized Anatomical Female) of human tissue shielding have been implemented and used in radiation transport model calculations at NASA. One of new human geometry models to meet the “reference person” of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is based on detailed Voxel (volumetric and pixel) phantom models denoted for male and female as MAX (Male Adult voXel) and FAX (Female Adult voXel), respectively. We compared the CAM model predictions of organ doses to those of MAX model, since the MAX model represents the male adult body with much higher fidelity than the CAM model currently used at NASA. Directional body-shielding mass was evaluated for over 1500 target points of MAX for specified organs considered to be sensitive to the induction of stochastic effects. Radiation exposures to solar particle event (SPE), trapped protons, and galactic cosmic ray (GCR) were assessed at the specific sites in the MAX phantom by coupling space radiation transport models with the relevant body-shielding mass. The development of multiple-point body-shielding distributions at each organ made it possible to estimate the mean and variance of organ doses at the specific organ. For the estimate of doses to the blood forming organs (BFOs), data on active marrow distributions in adult were used to weight the bone marrow sites over the human body. The discrete number of target points of MAX organs resulted in a reduced organ dose and dose equivalent compared to the results of CAM organs especially for SPE, and should be further investigated. Differences of effective doses between the two approaches were found to be small (<5%) for GCR. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION dosimetry
KW  - PHANTOMS (Radiology)
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - HUMAN anatomy
KW  - Galactic cosmic ray
KW  - Human tissue models
KW  - Organ dose and dose equivalent
KW  - Radiation protection
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - Solar particle events
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 48404590; Kim, Myung-Hee Y. 1; Email Address: myung-hee.y.kim@nasa.gov Qualls, Garry D. 2; Email Address: garry.d.qualls@nasa.gov Slaba, Tony C. 3; Email Address: tony.c.slaba@nasa.gov Cucinotta, Francis A. 4; Email Address: francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Old Dominion University, E&CS Building, Elkhorn Ave., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p850; Subject Term: RADIATION dosimetry; Subject Term: PHANTOMS (Radiology); Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: HUMAN anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic ray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human tissue models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organ dose and dose equivalent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Risk assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar particle events; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.09.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaba, T.C.
AU  - Qualls, G.D.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Walker, S.A.
AU  - Simonsen, L.C.
T1  - Utilization of CAM, CAF, MAX, and FAX for space radiation analyses using HZETRN
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 866
EP  - 883
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: To estimate astronaut health risk due to space radiation, one must have the ability to calculate various exposure-related quantities that are averaged over specific organs and tissue types. Such calculations require computational models of the ambient space radiation environment, particle transport, nuclear and atomic physics, and the human body. While significant efforts have been made to verify, validate, and quantify the uncertainties associated with many of these models and tools, relatively little work has focused on the uncertainties associated with the representation and utilization of the human phantoms. In this study, we first examine the anatomical properties of the Computerized Anatomical Man (CAM), Computerized Anatomical Female (CAF), Male Adult voXel (MAX), and Female Adult voXel (FAX) models by comparing the masses of various model tissues used to calculate effective dose to the reference values specified by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The MAX and FAX tissue masses are found to be in good agreement with the reference data, while major discrepancies are found between the CAM and CAF tissue masses and the reference data for almost all of the effective dose tissues. We next examine the distribution of target points used with the deterministic transport code HZETRN (High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport) to compute mass averaged exposure quantities. A numerical algorithm is presented and used to generate multiple point distributions of varying fidelity for many of the effective dose tissues identified in CAM, CAF, MAX, and FAX. The point distributions are used to compute mass averaged dose equivalent values under both a galactic cosmic ray (GCR) and solar particle event (SPE) environment impinging isotropically on three spherical aluminum shells with areal densities of 0.4g/cm2, 2.0g/cm2, and 10.0g/cm2. The dose equivalent values are examined to identify a recommended set of target points for each of the tissues and to further assess the differences between CAM, CAF, MAX, and FAX. It is concluded that the previously published CAM and CAF point distributions were significantly under-sampled and that the set of point distributions presented here should be adequate for future studies involving CAM, CAF, MAX, or FAX. It is also found that the errors associated with the mass and location of certain tissues in CAM and CAF have a significant impact on the mass averaged dose equivalent values, and it is concluded that MAX and FAX are more accurate than CAM and CAF for space radiation analyses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - HUMAN anatomy
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - PHANTOMS (Radiology)
KW  - Dose
KW  - Dose equivalent
KW  - Human phantoms
KW  - Radiation exposure
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Whole body effective dose
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Commission on Radiological Protection
N1  - Accession Number: 48404592; Slaba, T.C. 1; Email Address: Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov Qualls, G.D. 2; Email Address: Garry.D.Qualls@nasa.gov Clowdsley, M.S. 2; Email Address: Martha.S.Clowdsley@nasa.gov Blattnig, S.R. 2; Email Address: Steve.R.Blattnig@nasa.gov Walker, S.A. 1; Email Address: Steven.A.Walker@nasa.gov Simonsen, L.C. 2; Email Address: Lisa.C.Simonsen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, E&CS Building, Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid Street, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p866; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: HUMAN anatomy; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PHANTOMS (Radiology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dose equivalent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human phantoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Whole body effective dose; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Commission on Radiological Protection; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48404592&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Moyers, Michael F.
AU  - Walker, Steven A.
AU  - Tweed, John
T1  - Proton lateral broadening distribution comparisons between GRNTRN, MCNPX, and laboratory beam measurements
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 884
EP  - 891
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Recent developments in NASA’s deterministic High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) code have included lateral broadening of primary ion beams due to small-angle multiple Coulomb scattering, and coupling of the ion-nuclear scattering interactions with energy loss and straggling. This new version of HZETRN is based on Green function methods, called GRNTRN, and is suitable for modeling transport with both space environment and laboratory boundary conditions. Multiple scattering processes are a necessary extension to GRNTRN in order to accurately model ion beam experiments, to simulate the physical and biological-effective radiation dose, and to develop new methods and strategies for light-ion radiation therapy. In this paper we compare GRNTRN simulations of proton lateral broadening distributions with beam measurements taken at Loma Linda University Proton Therapy Facility. The simulated and measured lateral broadening distributions are compared for a 250MeV proton beam on aluminum, polyethylene, polystyrene, bone substitute, iron, and lead target materials. The GRNTRN results are also compared to simulations from the Monte Carlo MCNPX code for the same projectile-target combinations described above. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - RADIOBIOLOGY
KW  - MULTIPLE scattering (Physics)
KW  - GRNTRN
KW  - Ion beam measurements
KW  - Multiple scattering
KW  - Radiation transport
KW  - Radiobiology
N1  - Accession Number: 48404594; Mertens, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov Moyers, Michael F. 2 Walker, Steven A. 3 Tweed, John 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, 21 Langley Blvd., Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Proton Therapy, Inc., Colton, CA 92324, USA  3: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p884; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: RADIOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: MULTIPLE scattering (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: GRNTRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion beam measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiobiology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.08.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48404594&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, Harry W.
AU  - Kliss, Mark H.
T1  - Exploration life support technology challenges for the Crew Exploration Vehicle and future human missions
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 917
EP  - 928
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: As NASA implements the U.S. Space Exploration Policy, life support systems must be provided for an expanding sequence of exploration missions. NASA has implemented effective life support for Apollo, the Space Shuttle, and the International Space Station (ISS) and continues to develop advanced systems. This paper provides an overview of life support requirements, previously implemented systems, and new technologies being developed by the Exploration Life Support Project for the Orion Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) and Lunar Outpost and future Mars missions. The two contrasting practical approaches to providing space life support are (1) open loop direct supply of atmosphere, water, and food, and (2) physicochemical regeneration of air and water with direct supply of food. Open loop direct supply of air and water is cost effective for short missions, but recycling oxygen and water saves costly launch mass on longer missions. Because of the short CEV mission durations, the CEV life support system will be open loop as in Apollo and Space Shuttle. New life support technologies for CEV that address identified shortcomings of existing systems are discussed. Because both ISS and Lunar Outpost have a planned 10-year operational life, the Lunar Outpost life support system should be regenerative like that for ISS and it could utilize technologies similar to ISS. The Lunar Outpost life support system, however, should be extensively redesigned to reduce mass, power, and volume, to improve reliability and incorporate lessons learned, and to take advantage of technology advances over the last 20years. The Lunar Outpost design could also take advantage of partial gravity and lunar resources. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - LAW & legislation
KW  - Command Module (Apollo), Crew Module (CEV) ( CM )
KW  - condensing heat exchanger ( CHX )
KW  - Crew Exploration Vehicle
KW  - Crew Exploration Vehicle ( CEV )
KW  - crewmember ( CM )
KW  - day ( d )
KW  - electrochemical depolarized concentrator ( EDC )
KW  - exploration systems architecture study ( ESAS )
KW  - extra vehicular activity ( EVA )
KW  - four bed molecular sieve ( 4BMS )
KW  - gas chromatograph mass spectrometer ( GCMS )
KW  - human systems integration requirements ( HSIR )
KW  - International Space Station ( ISS )
KW  - Life support systems
KW  - Life support technologies
KW  - lithium hydroxide ( LiOH )
KW  - low earth orbit ( LEO )
KW  - Lunar Architecture Study ( LAS )
KW  - Lunar Module ( LM )
KW  - Lunar Outpost
KW  - Mars Transfer Vehicle ( MTV )
KW  - orbital replaceable unit ( ORU )
KW  - Service Module ( SM )
KW  - solid polymer water electrolysis ( SPWE )
KW  - sorbent-based atmosphere revitalization ( SBAR )
KW  - Space life support
KW  - space station freedom ( SSF )
KW  - static feed water electrolysis ( SFWE )
KW  - thermoelectric integrated membrane evaporation system ( TIMES )
KW  - total organic carbon ( TOC )
KW  - trace contaminant control system ( TCCS )
KW  - two bed molecular sieve ( 2BMS )
KW  - vapor compression distillation ( VCD )
KW  - vapor phase catalytic ammonia removal ( VPCAR )
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 48404597; Jones, Harry W. 1; Email Address: Harry.Jones@nasa.gov Kliss, Mark H. 2; Email Address: Mark.Kliss@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: N239-8, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: N239-15, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p917; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: LAW & legislation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Command Module (Apollo), Crew Module (CEV) ( CM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: condensing heat exchanger ( CHX ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Crew Exploration Vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crew Exploration Vehicle ( CEV ); Author-Supplied Keyword: crewmember ( CM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: day ( d ); Author-Supplied Keyword: electrochemical depolarized concentrator ( EDC ); Author-Supplied Keyword: exploration systems architecture study ( ESAS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: extra vehicular activity ( EVA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: four bed molecular sieve ( 4BMS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: gas chromatograph mass spectrometer ( GCMS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: human systems integration requirements ( HSIR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station ( ISS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Life support systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life support technologies; Author-Supplied Keyword: lithium hydroxide ( LiOH ); Author-Supplied Keyword: low earth orbit ( LEO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Architecture Study ( LAS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Module ( LM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Outpost; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Transfer Vehicle ( MTV ); Author-Supplied Keyword: orbital replaceable unit ( ORU ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Service Module ( SM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: solid polymer water electrolysis ( SPWE ); Author-Supplied Keyword: sorbent-based atmosphere revitalization ( SBAR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space life support; Author-Supplied Keyword: space station freedom ( SSF ); Author-Supplied Keyword: static feed water electrolysis ( SFWE ); Author-Supplied Keyword: thermoelectric integrated membrane evaporation system ( TIMES ); Author-Supplied Keyword: total organic carbon ( TOC ); Author-Supplied Keyword: trace contaminant control system ( TCCS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: two bed molecular sieve ( 2BMS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: vapor compression distillation ( VCD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: vapor phase catalytic ammonia removal ( VPCAR ); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2009.10.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48404597&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Das, Santanu
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
T1  - Classifying Induced Damage in Composite Plates Using One-Class Support Vector Machines.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 705
EP  - 718
SN  - 00011452
AB  - For many engineering and aerospace applications, detection and quantification of multiscale damage in fiber-reinforced composite structures is increasing in importance. Consequently, the development of an efficient and cost-effective diagnosis scheme that can accurately sense, characterize, and evaluate the existence of any form of damage will offer significant potential for improving the performance, reliability, and extending the operational life of these complex systems. We present an approach to characterize and classify different damage states in composite laminates by measuring the change in the signature of the resultant wave that propagates through the anisotropic media under forced excitation. The wave propagation is measured using surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers. Sensor signals collected from test specimens with various forms of induced damage are analyzed using a pattern-recognition algorithm known as the one-class support vector machines. The one-class support-vector-machine algorithm performs automatic anomaly detection and classification of damage signatures using various features from the sensor readings. The results obtained suggest that the one-class support-vector-machine algorithm, along with appropriate preprocessing techniques, can often achieve better accuracy than the popular k-nearest-neighbor method in detecting and classifying anomalies caused by structural defects, even when the perturbations caused in the sensor signals due to different damage states are minimal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC transducers
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 49189165; Das, Santanu 1; Email Address: santanu.das-1@arc.nasa.gov Chattopadhyay, Aditi 2; Email Address: aditi@asu.edu Srivastava, Ashok N. 3; Email Address: ashok.n.srivastava@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064  2: Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p705; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC transducers; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 11 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.37282
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49189165&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shah, P. N.
AU  - Mobed, D.
AU  - Spakovszky, Z. S.
AU  - Brooks, T. F.
AU  - Humphreys Jr., W. M.
T1  - Aeroacoustics of Drag-Generating Swirling Exhaust Flows.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 719
EP  - 727
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Aircraft on approach in high-drag, high-lift configurations create inherently noisy flow structures. For flaps, slats, and undercarriage, the strong correlation between overall noise and drag suggests that future quiet aircraft will need to generate drag at low noise levels. This paper presents a novel noise-reduction concept based on the idea that appreciable pressure drag can be generated by a relatively quiet swirling exhaust flow. A first aeroacoustic assessment Of ram-pressure-driven swirling exhaust flows and their associated vortex breakdown instability is presented. The technical approach combines 1) an in-depth aerodynamic analysis, 2) qualitative acoustic source descriptions via plausibility arguments, and 3) detailed quantitative phased microphone-array measurements of a model-scale engine nacelle with stationary swirl vanes at a full-scale approach Mach number of 0.17. The analysis shows an acoustic signature composed of 1) quadrupole-type turbulent mixing noise in the swirling core flow and 2) scattering noise from vane boundary layers and turbulent eddies of the burst vortex structure near the nacelle, pylon, and vane centerbody trailing edges. The highest stable swirl-angle setting yields a nacelle-area-based drag coefficient of 0.83 with a full-scale overall sound pressure level of about 40 dBA at the International Civil Aviation Organization approach certification point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXHAUST systems
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NOISE control
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - NACELLES
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Civil Aviation Organization
N1  - Accession Number: 49189166; Shah, P. N. 1 Mobed, D. 1 Spakovszky, Z. S. 1 Brooks, T. F. 2 Humphreys Jr., W. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p719; Subject Term: EXHAUST systems; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NOISE control; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: NACELLES; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Civil Aviation Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.37249
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49189166&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nishikawa, Hiroaki
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
T1  - Critical Study of Agglomerated Multigrid Methods for Diffusion.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 839
EP  - 847
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Agglomerated multigrid techniques used in unstructured-grid methods are studied critically for a model problem representative of laminar diffusion in the incompressible limit. The studied target-grid discretizations and discretizations used on agglomerated grids are typical of current node-centered formulations. Agglomerated multigrid convergence rates are presented using a range of two- and three-dimensional randomly perturbed unstructured grids for simple geometries with isotropic and stretched grids. Two agglomeration techniques are used within an overall topology-preserving agglomeration framework. The results show that a multigrid with an inconsistent coarse-grid scheme using only the edge derivatives (also referred to in the literature as a thin-layer formulation) provides considerable speedup over single-grid methods, but its convergence can deteriorate on highly skewed grids. A multigrid with a Galerkin coarse-grid discretization using piecewise-constant prolongation and a heuristic correction factor is slower and also can be grid dependent. In contrast, nearly grid-independent convergence rates are demonstrated for a multigrid with consistent coarse-grid discretizations. Convergence rates of multigrid cycles are verified with quantitative analysis methods in which parts of the two-grid cycle are replaced by their idealized counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
N1  - Accession Number: 49189177; Nishikawa, Hiroaki 1; Email Address: hiro@nianet.org Diskin, Boris 1; Email Address: bdiskin@nianet.org Thomas, James L. 2; Email Address: James.L.Thomas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p839; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 11 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050055
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49189177&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
T1  - A powerful toolkit for synthetic biology: Over 3.8 billion years of evolution.
JO  - BioEssays
JF  - BioEssays
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 32
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 304
EP  - 313
SN  - 02659247
AB  - The article focuses on the potential use of various tools of evolution for the approaches in synthetic biology. It states that since evolution has made the complexity and diversity of life, it has provided a tested tool of genetic materials and principles in synthetic biology. It mentions that the genetic novelty includes various evolution processes including mutation, gene regulation and sex. Moreover, it suggests examining all of the tools of evolution even though some are already being used.
KW  - EVOLUTION (Biology)
KW  - SYNTHETIC biology
KW  - GENETIC regulation
KW  - VARIATION (Biology)
KW  - MUTATION (Biology)
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - constraints on evolution
KW  - evolution
KW  - evolutionary mechanism
KW  - exobiology
KW  - origin of novelty
KW  - synthetic biology
N1  - Accession Number: 49571836; Rothschild, Lynn J. 1; Email Address: Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Biospheric Science Branch, Mail Stop 239-20, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 32 Issue 4, p304; Subject Term: EVOLUTION (Biology); Subject Term: SYNTHETIC biology; Subject Term: GENETIC regulation; Subject Term: VARIATION (Biology); Subject Term: MUTATION (Biology); Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: constraints on evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolutionary mechanism; Author-Supplied Keyword: exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: origin of novelty; Author-Supplied Keyword: synthetic biology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/bies.200900180
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49571836&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ping Yang
AU  - Gang Hong
AU  - Dessler, Andrew E.
AU  - Ou, Steve S. C.
AU  - Kuo-Nan Liou
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - CONTRAILS AND INDUCED CIRRUS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 91
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 478
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article presents studies on the radiative impact of contrails and contrail cirrus. Researchers used satellite data in investigating the evolution of contrail cluster's radiative properties and indicated that the shape of ice crystal might exert significant impacts on contrail radiative forcing. Another study reveals that contrail ice crystals showed several ice habits from in situ samples.
KW  - CONDENSATION trails
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - ICE crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 54457960; Ping Yang 1; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu Gang Hong 1 Dessler, Andrew E. 1 Ou, Steve S. C. 2 Kuo-Nan Liou 2 Minnis, Patrick 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, and Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 91 Issue 4, p473; Subject Term: CONDENSATION trails; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: ICE crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/3009BAMS2837.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54457960&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palinkas, Lawrence A.
AU  - Reedy, Kathleen R.
AU  - Shepanek, Marc
AU  - Reeves, Dennis
AU  - Samuel Case, H.
AU  - Van Do, Nhan
AU  - Lester Reed, H.
T1  - A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of thyroxine and triiodothyronine and short-term exposure to bright light in prevention of decrements in cognitive performance and mood during prolonged Antarctic residence.
JO  - Clinical Endocrinology
JF  - Clinical Endocrinology
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 72
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 543
EP  - 550
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 03000664
AB  - Objective  We examined the effects of a combined levothyroxine/liothyronine supplement and exposure to bright (10,000 lux) light in euthyroid men and women who spent the austral summer ( n = 43) and/or winter ( n = 42) in Antarctica. Methods  Subjects were randomized to receive 64 nmol of levothyroxine and 16 nmol of liothyronine supplement or a placebo capsule for 93·2 ± 3·0 days in summer and/or 149·5 ± 2·2 days in winter. Subjects were further randomized to receive 10,000 lux bright white light or 50 lux dim red light for 14 days at the end of summer and/or winter. Cognitive performance and mood were assessed using the Automatic Neuropsychological Assessment Metric – Isolated and Confined Environments. Results  In winter, bright light exposure was associated with a significantly greater reduction in TSH and anger ( P < 0·05), a significantly greater increase in fT3 ( P < 0·05), and a significantly smaller increase in depressive symptoms ( P < 0·001), when compared with dim light. The T4/T3 supplement also led to a significantly greater reduction in TSH ( P < 0·05), but a greater reduction in cognitive task efficiency ( P < 0·05) as well, when compared with placebo. Conclusion  Administration of bright light leads to a significant reduction in serum TSH and prevents increases in anger and depressive symptoms in winter. However, these associations were not observed in summer, suggesting a seasonal influence of photoperiod over temperature upon this intervention in the polar environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Clinical Endocrinology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRIIODOTHYRONINE
KW  - RANDOMIZED controlled trials
KW  - THYROID hormones
KW  - PLACEBOS (Medicine)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 48368268; Palinkas, Lawrence A. 1; Email Address: palinkas@usc.edu Reedy, Kathleen R. 2 Shepanek, Marc 3 Reeves, Dennis 4 Samuel Case, H. 5 Van Do, Nhan 6 Lester Reed, H. 7; Affiliation:  1: School of Social Work and Departments of Anthropology and Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.  2: US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA.  4: Clinvest, Inc., Springfield, MO, USA.  5: Department of Exercise Science and Physical Education, McDaniel College, Westminster, MD, USA.  6: Tricare Management Activity, Falls Church, VA, USA.  7: MultiCare Health System, Tacoma, WA, USA.; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 72 Issue 4, p543; Subject Term: TRIIODOTHYRONINE; Subject Term: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject Term: THYROID hormones; Subject Term: PLACEBOS (Medicine); Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2009.03669.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shin, Kwang Min
AU  - Watt, Richard K.
AU  - Watt, Gerald D.
AU  - Choi, Sang H.
AU  - Kim, Hyug-Han
AU  - Kim, Sun I.
AU  - Kim, Seon Jeong
T1  - Characterization of ferritin core on redox reactions as a nanocomposite for electron transfer
JO  - Electrochimica Acta
JF  - Electrochimica Acta
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 55
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3486
EP  - 3490
SN  - 00134686
AB  - Abstract: The kinetics of the change in mass related to the release from and deposition onto the cavities of a ferritin in the SWCNT nanocomposite by electrochemical redox reactions, and the effects of the SWCNT on the kinetics of the variation in mass of the ferritin nanocomposite were characterized using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The change in mass of reconstituted ferritin in the SWCNT nanocomposite shows reversible variation and stability of the ferritin/SWCNT nanocomposite on redox reactions was confirmed by using a coreless apoferritin and a Fe2+ chelating agent. The ferritin/SWCNT nanocomposite is a good candidate for applications based on electron transfer, such as biosensor, biobatteries and electrodes for biofuel cell. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERRITIN
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - CHARGE exchange
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - ELECTROLYSIS
KW  - OXIDATION-reduction reaction
KW  - QUARTZ crystal microbalances
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - Core stability
KW  - Ferritin
KW  - Nanocomposite
KW  - Redox reaction
KW  - SWCNT
N1  - Accession Number: 48605140; Shin, Kwang Min 1 Watt, Richard K. 2 Watt, Gerald D. 2 Choi, Sang H. 3 Kim, Hyug-Han 4 Kim, Sun I. 1 Kim, Seon Jeong 1; Email Address: sjk@hanyang.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Center for Bio-Artificial Muscle and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea  2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA  3: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Science, Dankook University, Chonan 330-180, Republic of Korea; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p3486; Subject Term: FERRITIN; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: ELECTROLYSIS; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Subject Term: QUARTZ crystal microbalances; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Core stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferritin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Redox reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: SWCNT; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.086
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KOUNAVES, SAMUEL P.
AU  - STROBLE, SHANNON T.
AU  - ANDERSON, RACHEL M.
AU  - MOORE, QUINCY
AU  - CATLING, DAVID C.
AU  - DOUGLAS, SUSANNE
AU  - MCKAY, CHRISTOPHER P.
AU  - MING, DOUGLAS W.
AU  - SMITH, PETER H.
AU  - TAMPPARI, LESLIE K.
AU  - ZENT, AARON P.
T1  - Discovery of Natural Perchlorate in the Antarctic Dry Valleys and Its Global Implications.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2010/04//4/1/2010
VL  - 44
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2360
EP  - 2364
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - In the past few years, it has become increasingly apparent that perchlorate (ClO4-) is present on all continents, except the polar regions where it had not yet been assessed, and that it may have a significant natural source. Here, we report on the discovery of perchlorate in soil and ice from several Antarctic Dry Valleys (ADVs) where concentrations reach up to 1100 μg/kg. In the driest ADV, perchlorate correlates with atmospherically deposited nitrate. Far from anthropogenic activity, ADV perchlorate provides unambiguous evidence that natural perchlorate is ubiquitous on Earth. The discovery has significant implications for the origin of perchlorate, its global biogeochemical interactions, and possible interactions with the polar ice sheets. The results support the hypotheses that perchlorate is produced globally and continuously in the Earth's atmosphere, that it typically accumulates in hyperarid areas, and that it does not build up in oceans or other wet environments most likely because of microbial reduction on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERCHLORATES -- Environmental aspects
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry -- Research
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC deposition
KW  - NITRATES -- Environmental aspects
KW  - VALLEYS
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - ANTARCTICA -- Environmental conditions
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 49103108; KOUNAVES, SAMUEL P. 1; Email Address: samuel.kounaves@tufts.edu STROBLE, SHANNON T. 1 ANDERSON, RACHEL M. 1 MOORE, QUINCY 1 CATLING, DAVID C. 2 DOUGLAS, SUSANNE 3 MCKAY, CHRISTOPHER P. 4 MING, DOUGLAS W. 5 SMITH, PETER H. 6 TAMPPARI, LESLIE K. 3 ZENT, AARON P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155.  2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035.  5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058.  6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721.; Source Info: 4/1/2010, Vol. 44 Issue 7, p2360; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry -- Research; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC deposition; Subject Term: NITRATES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: VALLEYS; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bearman, Christopher
AU  - Paletz, Susannah B. F.
AU  - Orasanu, Judith
AU  - Thomas, Matthew J. W.
T1  - The Breakdown of Coordinated Decision Making in Distributed Systems.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 173
EP  - 188
SN  - 00187208
AB  - Objective: This article aims to explore the nature and resolution of breakdowns in coordinated decision making in distributed safety-critical systems. Background: In safety-critical domains, people with different roles and responsibilities often must work together to make coordinated decisions while geographically distributed. Although there is likely to be a large degree of overlap in the shared mental models of these people on the basis of procedures and experience, subtle differences may exist. Method: Study 1 involves using Aviation Safety Reporting System reports to explore the ways in which coordinated decision making breaks down between pilots and air traffic controllers and the way in which the breakdowns are resolved. Study 2 replicates and extends those findings with the use of transcripts from the Apollo 13 National Aeronautics and Space Administration space mission. Results: Across both studies, breakdowns were caused in part by different types of lower-level breakdowns (or disconnects), which are labeled as operational, informational, or evaluative. Evaluative disconnects were found to be significantly harder to resolve than other types of disconnects. Conclusion: Considering breakdowns according to the type of disconnect involved appears to capture useful information that should assist accident and incident investigators. The current trend in aviation of shifting responsibilities and providing increasingly more information to pilots may have a hidden cost of increasing evaluative disconnects. Application: The proposed taxonomy facilitates the investigation of breakdowns in coordinated decision making and draws attention to the importance of considering subtle differences between participants' mental models when considering complex distributed systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Factors is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - GROUP problem solving
KW  - MENTAL models theory (Communication)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - PROBLEM solving
N1  - Accession Number: 53739538; Bearman, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.bearman@unisa.edu.au Paletz, Susannah B. F. 2 Orasanu, Judith 2 Thomas, Matthew J. W. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p173; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: GROUP problem solving; Subject Term: MENTAL models theory (Communication); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0018720810372104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Todd Bradley, E.
AU  - Colwell, Joshua E.
AU  - Esposito, Larry W.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Tollerud, Heather
AU  - Chambers, Lindsey
T1  - Far ultraviolet spectral properties of Saturn’s rings from Cassini UVIS
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 206
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 458
EP  - 466
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Spectra taken by the Cassini Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) of Saturn’s C ring, B ring, Cassini Division, and A ring have been analyzed in order to characterize ring particle surface properties and water ice abundance in the rings. UVIS spectra sense the outer few microns of the ring particles. Spectra of the normalized reflectance (I/F) in all four regions show a characteristic water ice absorption feature near 165nm. Our analysis shows that the fractional abundance of surface water ice is largest in the outer B ring and decreases by over a factor of 2 across the inner C ring. We calculate the mean path length of UV photons through icy ring particle regolith and the scattering asymmetry parameter using a Hapke reflectance model and a Shkuratov reflectance model to match the location of the water ice absorption edge in the data. Both models give similar retrieved values of the photon mean length, however the retrieved asymmetry (g) values are different. The photon mean path lengths are nearly uniform across the B and A rings. Shortward of 165nm the rings exhibit a slope that turns up towards shorter wavelengths, while the UV slope of 180/150nm (reflectance outside the water absorption ratioed to that inside the absorption band) tracks I/F with maxima in the outer B ring and in the central A ring. Retrieved values of the scattering asymmetry parameter show the regolith grains to be highly backscattering in the FUV spectral regime. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VACUUM ultraviolet spectroscopy
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Ices, UV spectroscopy
KW  - Saturn, Rings
KW  - Ultraviolet observations
N1  - Accession Number: 48465156; Todd Bradley, E. 1; Email Address: tbradley@physics.ucf.edu Colwell, Joshua E. 1 Esposito, Larry W. 2 Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 3 Tollerud, Heather 4 Chambers, Lindsey 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2385, USA  2: LASP, University of Colorado, 392 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 24503, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California – Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 206 Issue 2, p458; Subject Term: VACUUM ultraviolet spectroscopy; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, UV spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet observations; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.12.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Cuzzi, J.N.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Tosi, F.
AU  - Nelson, R.M.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Stephan, K.
T1  - Saturn’s icy satellites investigated by Cassini–VIMS: II. Results at the end of nominal mission
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 206
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 507
EP  - 523
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We report the detailed analysis of the spectrophotometric properties of Saturn’s icy satellites as derived by full-disk observations obtained by visual and infrared mapping spectrometer (VIMS) experiment aboard Cassini. In this paper, we have extended the coverage until the end of the Cassini’s nominal mission (June 1st 2008), while a previous paper (, hereby referred to as Paper I) reported the preliminary results of this study. During the four years of nominal mission, VIMS has observed the entire population of Saturn’s icy satellites allowing us to make a comparative analysis of the VIS–NIR spectral properties of the major satellites (Mimas, Enceladus, Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Hyperion, Iapetus) and irregular moons (Atlas, Prometheus, Pandora, Janus, Epimetheus, Telesto, Calypso, Phoebe). The results we discuss here are derived from the entire dataset available at June 2008 which consists of 1417 full-disk observations acquired from a variety of distances and inclinations from the equatorial plane, with different phase angles and hemispheric coverage. The most important spectrophotometric indicators (as defined in Paper I: I/F continua at 0.55μm, 1.822μm and 3.547μm, visible spectral slopes, water and carbon dioxide bands depths and positions) are calculated for each observation in order to investigate the disk-integrated composition of the satellites, the distribution of water ice respect to “contaminants” abundances and typical regolith grain properties. These quantities vary from the almost pure water ice surfaces of Enceladus and Calypso to the organic and carbon dioxide rich Hyperion, Iapetus and Phoebe. Janus visible colors are intermediate between these two classes having a slightly positive spectral slope. These results could help to decipher the origins and evolutionary history of the minor moons of the Saturn’s system. We introduce a polar representation of the spectrophotometric parameters as function of the solar phase angle (along radial distance) and of the effective longitude interval illuminated by the Sun and covered by VIMS during the observation (in azimuth) to better investigate the spatial distribution of the spectrophotometric quantities across the regular satellites hemispheres. Finally, we report the observed spectral positions of the 4.26μm band of the carbon dioxide present in the surface material of three outermost moons Hyperion, Iapetus and Phoebe. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - MIMAS (Satellite)
KW  - ENCELADUS (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 48465160; Filacchione, G. 1; Email Address: gianrico.filacchione@iasf-roma.inaf.it Capaccioni, F. 1 Clark, R.N. 2 Cuzzi, J.N. 3 Cruikshank, D.P. 3 Coradini, A. 4 Cerroni, P. 1 Nicholson, P.D. 5 McCord, T.B. 6 Brown, R.H. 7 Buratti, B.J. 8 Tosi, F. 4 Nelson, R.M. 8 Jaumann, R. 9 Stephan, K. 9; Affiliation:  1: INAF-IASF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Area di Ricerca di Tor Vergata, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy  2: US Geological Survey, Federal Center, Denver, CO, 80228, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: INAF-IFSI, Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, Area di Ricerca di Tor Vergata, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133, Rome, Italy  5: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  6: Bear Fight Center, 22 Fiddlers Rd., Winthrop, WA 98862, USA  7: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, AZ 85721, USA  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Groove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: Institute for Planetary Exploration, DLR, Rutherfordstaße 2,12489, Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 206 Issue 2, p507; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: MIMAS (Satellite); Subject Term: ENCELADUS (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Meyer, Allan W.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Hibbitts, Charles A.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Mastrapa, Rachel M.E.
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - Ore, Cristina M. Dalle
AU  - Nicholson, Philip D.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - Nelson, Robert M.
AU  - Dalton, J. Brad
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Matson, Dennis L.
T1  - Carbon dioxide on the satellites of Saturn: Results from the Cassini VIMS investigation and revisions to the VIMS wavelength scale
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 206
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 561
EP  - 572
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Several of the icy satellites of Saturn show the spectroscopic signature of the asymmetric stretching mode of C–O in carbon dioxide (CO2) at or near the nominal solid-phase laboratory wavelength of 4.2675μm (2343.3cm−1), discovered with the Visible-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on the Cassini spacecraft. We report here on an analysis of the variation in wavelength and width of the CO2 absorption band in the spectra of Phoebe, Iapetus, Hyperion, and Dione. Comparisons are made to laboratory spectra of pure CO2, CO2 clathrates, ternary mixtures of CO2 with other volatiles, implanted and adsorbed CO2 in non-volatile materials, and ab initio theoretical calculations of CO2 * nH2O. At the wavelength resolution of VIMS, the CO2 on Phoebe is indistinguishable from pure CO2 ice (each molecule’s nearby neighbors are also CO2) or type II clathrate of CO2 in H2O. In contrast, the CO2 band on Iapetus, Hyperion, and Dione is shifted to shorter wavelengths (typically ∼4.255μm (∼2350.2cm−1)) and broadened. These wavelengths are characteristic of complexes of CO2 with different near-neighbor molecules that are encountered in other volatile mixtures such as with H2O and CH3OH, and non-volatile host materials like silicates, some clays, and zeolites. We suggest that Phoebe’s CO2 is native to the body as part of the initial inventory of condensates and now exposed on the surface, while CO2 on the other three satellites results at least in part from particle or UV irradiation of native H2O plus a source of C, implantation or accretion from external sources, or redistribution of native CO2 from the interior. The analysis presented here depends on an accurate VIMS wavelength scale. In preparation for this work, the baseline wavelength calibration for the Cassini VIMS was found to be distorted around 4.3μm, apparently as a consequence of telluric CO2 gas absorption in the pre-launch calibration. The effect can be reproduced by convolving a sequence of model detector response profiles with a deep atmospheric CO2 absorption profile, producing distorted detector profile shapes and shifted central positions. In a laboratory blackbody spectrum used for radiance calibration, close examination of the CO2 absorption profile shows a similar deviation from that expected from a model. These modeled effects appear to be sufficient to explain the distortion in the existing wavelength calibration now in use. A modification to the wavelength calibration for 13 adjacent bands is provided. The affected channels span about 0.2μm centered on 4.28μm. The maximum wavelength change is about 10nm toward longer wavelength. This adjustment has implications for interpretation of some of the spectral features observed in the affected wavelength interval, such as from CO2, as discussed in this paper. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - PLANETS -- Spectra
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Ices
KW  - Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 48465163; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: dale.p.cruikshank@nasa.gov Meyer, Allan W. 2 Brown, Robert H. 3 Clark, Roger N. 4 Jaumann, Ralf 5 Stephan, Katrin 5 Hibbitts, Charles A. 6 Sandford, Scott A. 1 Mastrapa, Rachel M.E. 1 Filacchione, Gianrico 7 Ore, Cristina M. Dalle 8 Nicholson, Philip D. 9 Buratti, Bonnie J. 10 McCord, Thomas B. 11 Nelson, Robert M. 10 Dalton, J. Brad 10 Baines, Kevin H. 10 Matson, Dennis L. 10; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Lab., University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  5: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Sensor Technology and Planetary Exploration, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  6: JHU-APL, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723, USA  7: INAF-IASF via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  8: SETI Institute, 515 N., Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  9: Cornell University, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  11: Bear Fight Center, P.O. Box 667, Winthrop, WA 98862, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 206 Issue 2, p561; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Spectra; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48465163&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Wagner, Roland
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Hibbitts, Charles A.
AU  - Roatsch, Thomas
AU  - Hoffmann, Harald
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Filiacchione, G.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Hansen, Gary B.
AU  - McCord, Tom B.
AU  - Nicholson, Phil D.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
T1  - Dione’s spectral and geological properties
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 206
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 631
EP  - 652
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present a detailed analysis of the variations in spectral properties across the surface of Saturn’s satellite Dione using Cassini/VIMS data and their relationships to geological and/or morphological characteristics as seen in the Cassini/ISS images. This analysis focuses on a local region on Dione’s anti-saturnian hemisphere that was observed by VIMS with high spatial resolution during orbit 16 in October 2005. The results are incorporated into a global context provided by VIMS data acquired within Cassini’s first 50 orbits. Our results show that Dione’s surface is dominated by at least one global process. Bombardment by magnetospheric particles is consistent with the concentration of dark material and enhanced CO2 absorption on the trailing hemisphere of Dione independent of the geology. Local regions within this terrain indicate a special kind of resurfacing that probably is related to large-scale impact process. In contrast, the enhanced ice signature on the leading side is associated with the extended ejecta of the fresh impact crater Creusa (∼49°N/76°W). Although no geologically active regions could be identified, Dione’s tectonized regions observed with high spatial resolution partly show some clean H2O ice implying that tectonic processes could have continued into more recent times. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - PLANETS -- Spectra
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERIC physics
KW  - DIONE (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Saturn
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 48465169; Stephan, Katrin 1; Email Address: Katrin.Stephan@dlr.de Jaumann, Ralf 1,2 Wagner, Roland 1 Clark, Roger N. 3 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Hibbitts, Charles A. 5 Roatsch, Thomas 1 Hoffmann, Harald 1 Brown, Robert H. 6 Filiacchione, G. 7 Buratti, Bonnie J. 8 Hansen, Gary B. 9 McCord, Tom B. 10 Nicholson, Phil D. 11 Baines, Kevin H. 8; Affiliation:  1: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  2: Freie Universität, FR Planetologie und Fernerkundung, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany  3: US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver CO 80225, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA  6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  7: INAF-IASF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: University of Washington, Seattle, USA  10: Space Science Institute, Winthrop, WA, USA  11: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, NY, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 206 Issue 2, p631; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Spectra; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: DIONE (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.07.036
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48465169&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
AU  - Conley, C.A.
AU  - Brown, A.J.
AU  - Fletcher, L.
AU  - Bishop, J.L.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - Possible liquid water origin for Atacama Desert mudflow and recent gully deposits on Mars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 206
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 685
EP  - 690
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Evidence of recent gully activity on Mars has been reported based on the formation of new light toned deposits within the past decade, the origin of which remains controversial. Analogous recent light toned gully features have formed by liquid water activity in the Atacama Desert on Earth. These terrestrial deposits leave no mineralogical trace of water activity but rather show an albedo difference due to particle size sorting within a fine-grained mudflow. Therefore, spectral differences indicating varying mineralogy between a recent gully deposit and the surrounding terrain may not be the most relevant criteria for detecting water flow in arid environments. Instead, variation in particle size between the deposit and surrounding terrain is a possible discriminator to identify a water-based flow. We show that the Atacama deposit is similar to the observed Mars gully deposits, and both are consistent with liquid water activity. The light-toned Mars gully deposits could have formed from dry debris flows, but a liquid water origin cannot be ruled out because not all liquid water flows leave hydrated minerals behind on the surface. Therefore, the Mars deposits could be remnant mudflows that formed on Mars within the last decade. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MUDFLOWS
KW  - MINERALOGICAL chemistry
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - HYDRAULICS
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 48465173; Heldmann, J.L. 1; Email Address: Jennifer.Heldmann@nasa.gov Conley, C.A. 1,2 Brown, A.J. 1,3 Fletcher, L. 1 Bishop, J.L. 1,3 McKay, C.P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 206 Issue 2, p685; Subject Term: MUDFLOWS; Subject Term: MINERALOGICAL chemistry; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: HYDRAULICS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.09.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48465173&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trainer, Melissa G.
AU  - Tolbert, Margaret A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - Enhanced CO2 trapping in water ice via atmospheric deposition with relevance to Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 206
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 707
EP  - 715
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: It has been suggested that inclusions of CO2 or CO2 clathrate hydrates may comprise a portion of the polar deposits on Mars. Here we present results from an experimental study in which CO2 molecules were trapped in water ice deposited from CO2/H2O atmospheres at temperatures relevant for the polar regions of Mars. Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy was used to monitor the phase of the condensed ice, and temperature programmed desorption was used to quantify the ratio of species in the generated ice films. Our results show that when H2O ice is deposited at 140–165K, CO2 is trapped in large quantities, greater than expected based on lower temperature studies in amorphous ice. The trapping occurs at pressures well below the condensation point for pure CO2 ice, and therefore this mechanism may allow for CO2 deposition at the poles during warmer periods. The amount of trapped CO2 varied from 3% to 16% by mass at 160K, depending on the substrate studied. Substrates studied were a tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O) base clathrate and Fe–montmorillonite clay, an analog for Mars soil. Experimental evidence indicates that the ice structures are likely CO2 clathrate hydrates. These results have implications for the CO2 content, overall composition, and density of the polar deposits on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC deposition
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - GAS hydrates
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - ICE caps
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Ices
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Polar caps
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 48465175; Trainer, Melissa G. 1; Email Address: melissa.trainer@nasa.gov Tolbert, Margaret A. 2,3 McKay, Christopher P. 4 Toon, Owen B. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 699, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  3: Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  6: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 206 Issue 2, p707; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC deposition; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: GAS hydrates; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: ICE caps; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Polar caps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.09.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48465175&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Düstegör, Dilek
AU  - Poroseva, Svetlana V.
AU  - Hussaini, M. Yousuff
AU  - Woodruff, Stephen
T1  - Automated Graph-Based Methodology for Fault Detection and Location in Power Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 638
EP  - 646
SN  - 08858977
AB  - This study investigates how the model-based fault detection and location approach of structural analysis can be adapted to meet the needs of power systems, where challenges associated with increased system complexity make conventional protection schemes impractical. With a global view of the protected system and the systematic and automated use of the system's analytical redundancy, faults are detected and located by more than one means. This redundancy can be used as a confirmation mechanism within a wide-area protection scheme to avoid unnecessary or false tripping due to protection component failure or disturbance. Furthermore, this redundancy turns the sensor configuration problem into an optimization problem with regard to fault detection and location. The effectiveness of different system topologies can then be compared on the basis of the optimal number of sensors they require. The principle of structural analysis is described in detail and illustrated on a simple power system model. Pertinence of the approach is demonstrated through simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power systems -- Protection
KW  - PROTECTIVE relays
KW  - ASSOCIATION schemes (Combinatorics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - ELECTRIC power distribution
KW  - ELECTRIC power transmission
KW  - Fault diagnosis
KW  - power system protection
KW  - structural analysis
KW  - wide-area protection
N1  - Accession Number: 50995255; Düstegör, Dilek 1,2; Email Address: dustegor@caps.fsu.edu Poroseva, Svetlana V. 2; Email Address: poroseva@caps.fsu.edu Hussaini, M. Yousuff 3; Email Address: yousuff@fsu.edu Woodruff, Stephen 4; Email Address: stephen.l.woodruff@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Member, IEEE  2: Center for Advanced Power Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA  3: Mathematics Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p638; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems -- Protection; Subject Term: PROTECTIVE relays; Subject Term: ASSOCIATION schemes (Combinatorics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power transmission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: power system protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: wide-area protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2037005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50995255&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dahai Liu
AU  - Goodrich, Kenneth
AU  - Peak, Bob
T1  - Effects of a Velocity-Vector-Based Command Augmentation System and Synthetic Vision System Terrain Portrayal and Guidance Symbology Concepts on Single-Pilot Performance.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2010/04//Apr-Jun2010
VL  - 20
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 160
EP  - 182
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - This study investigated the effects of synthetic vision system (SVS) concepts and advanced flight controls on the performance of pilots flying a light, single-engine general-aviation airplane. We evaluated the effects and interactions of 2 levels of terrain portrayal, guidance symbology, and flight control response type on pilot performance during the conduct of a relatively complex instrument approach procedure. The terrain and guidance presentations were evaluated as elements of an integrated primary flight display system. The approach procedure used in the study included a steeply descending, curved segment as might be encountered in emerging, required-navigation-performance-based procedures. Pilot performance measures consisted of flight technical performance, perceived workload, perceived situational awareness, and subjective preference. The results revealed that an elevation-based generic terrain portrayal significantly improved perceived situation awareness without adversely affecting flight technical performance or workload. Other factors (pilot instrument rating, control response type, and guidance symbology) were not found to significantly affect the performance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Piloting
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - NAVIGATION
N1  - Accession Number: 48944380; Dahai Liu 1; Email Address: dahai.liu@erau.edu Goodrich, Kenneth 2 Peak, Bob 3; Affiliation:  1: Human Factors and Systems Department, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.  3: Cogent Corporation International, Steilacoom, Washington.; Source Info: Apr-Jun2010, Vol. 20 Issue 2, p160; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Piloting; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: NAVIGATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508411003617854
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48944380&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - He, Chunmei
AU  - Oravec, Heather
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
AU  - Agui, Juan
AU  - Asnani, Vivake
T1  - Geotechnical Properties of JSC-1A Lunar Soil Simulant.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 23
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 116
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - For the success of planned missions to the moon in the near future, it is essential to have a thorough understanding of the geotechnical behavior of lunar soil. However, only a limited amount of information is available about geotechnical properties of lunar soils. In addition, the amount of lunar soils brought back to Earth is small. To help the development of new regolith moving machines and vehicles that will be used in future missions, a new lunar soil similant JSC-1A has been developed. A group of conventional geotechnical laboratory tests was conducted to characterize the geotechnical properties of the simulant, such as particle size distribution, maximum and minimum bulk densities, compaction characteristics, shear strength parameters, and compressibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - MOON
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - LUNAR regolith simulants
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Geotechnical
KW  - Lunar soil
KW  - Simulant
N1  - Accession Number: 48591518; Zeng, Xiangwu 1; Email Address: xxz16@cwru.edu He, Chunmei 2 Oravec, Heather 2 Wilkinson, Allen 3 Agui, Juan 3 Asnani, Vivake 3; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201 (corresponding author)  2: Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201.  3: Research Scientist, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 23 Issue 2, p111; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: LUNAR regolith simulants; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geotechnical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar soil; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulant; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48591518&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forbes, David
AU  - Hubbard, Seth
AU  - Raffaelle, Ryne
AU  - McNatt, Jeremiah S.
T1  - Au-catalyst-free epitaxy of InAs nanowires
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 312
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1391
EP  - 1395
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: Semiconducting nanowires have been intensively studied in order to exploit unique optical and electrical properties that develop at the nano-scale. Commonly, nanowires are produced using Au nanoparticles (∼50nm diameter) as seed particles on the surface applied prior to epitaxy. The Au particle acts as a preferred nucleation site for nanowire growth. This report demonstrates InAs nanowire epitaxy on GaAs(100) and GaAs(111) substrates without the use of Au nanoparticles. InAs nanowires are formed by using in-situ generated metallic droplets via decomposition of the metalorganic source during OMVPE. The InAs nanowires grow preferentially in the [111] direction, although evidence of [100] growth is observed. InAs nanowires in excess of 0.5μm in length have been observed on GaAs(100) substrates. The effect of OMVPE conditions such as substrate orientation, V/III ratio, and growth temperature on the InAs nanowire structure is described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDIUM arsenide
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS -- Optical properties
KW  - METAL catalysts
KW  - COLLOIDAL gold
KW  - MATERIALS -- Electric properties
KW  - METAL organic chemical vapor deposition
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - A1. Nanostructures
KW  - A3. Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
KW  - B1. InAs
KW  - B1. Nanomaterials
KW  - B2. Semiconducting III-V materials
N1  - Accession Number: 48895207; Forbes, David 1; Email Address: dvfsps@rit.edu Hubbard, Seth 1 Raffaelle, Ryne 1 McNatt, Jeremiah S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Rochester Institute of Technology, 85 Lomb Memorial Dr, Gosnell Bldg 3330, Rochester, NY 14623, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 312 Issue 8, p1391; Subject Term: INDIUM arsenide; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS -- Optical properties; Subject Term: METAL catalysts; Subject Term: COLLOIDAL gold; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Electric properties; Subject Term: METAL organic chemical vapor deposition; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. InAs; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. Nanomaterials; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. Semiconducting III-V materials; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2009.12.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48895207&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kirchner, Florent
AU  - Muñoz, César
T1  - The proof monad
JO  - Journal of Logic & Algebraic Programming
JF  - Journal of Logic & Algebraic Programming
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 79
IS  - 3-5
M3  - Article
SP  - 264
EP  - 277
SN  - 15678326
AB  - Abstract: A formalism for expressing the operational semantics of proof languages used in procedural theorem provers is proposed. It is argued that this formalism provides an elegant way to describe the computational features of proof languages, such as side effects, exception handling, and backtracking. The formalism, called proof monads, finds its roots in category theory, and in particular satisfies the monad laws. It is shown that the framework’s monadic operators are related to fundamental tactics and strategies in procedural theorem provers. Finally, the paper illustrates how proof monads can be used to implement semantically clean control structure mechanisms in actual proof languages. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Logic & Algebraic Programming is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROOF theory
KW  - MONADS (Mathematics)
KW  - SEMANTIC computing
KW  - CATEGORIES (Mathematics)
KW  - SYMBOLIC & mathematical logic
KW  - MATHEMATICAL programming
KW  - Category theory
KW  - Deductive strategies
KW  - Monadic structures
KW  - Proof languages
N1  - Accession Number: 50371919; Kirchner, Florent 1; Email Address: florent.kirchner@lix.polytechnique.fr Muñoz, César 2; Email Address: cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: LIX, INRIA and SRI International, Menlo Park CA 94025, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 79 Issue 3-5, p264; Subject Term: PROOF theory; Subject Term: MONADS (Mathematics); Subject Term: SEMANTIC computing; Subject Term: CATEGORIES (Mathematics); Subject Term: SYMBOLIC & mathematical logic; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Category theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deductive strategies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monadic structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proof languages; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jlap.2010.03.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50371919&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Kooi, Susan A.
AU  - Dunion, Jason P.
AU  - Heymsfield, Gerry
AU  - Notari, Anthony
AU  - Butler, Carolyn F.
AU  - Burton, Sharon
AU  - Fenn, Marta
AU  - Krishnamurti, T. N.
AU  - Biswas, Mrinal K.
AU  - Gao Chen
AU  - Anderson, Bruce
T1  - LASE Measurements of Water Vapor, Aerosol, and Cloud Distributions in Saharan Air Layers and Tropical Disturbances.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 67
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1026
EP  - 1047
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The Lidar Atmospheric Sensing Experiment (LASE) on board the NASA DC-8 measured high-resolution profiles of water vapor and aerosols, and cloud distributions in 14 flights over the eastern North Atlantic during the NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) field experiment. These measurements were used to study African easterly waves (AEWs), tropical cyclones (TCs), and the Saharan air layer (SAL). These LASE measurements represent the first simultaneous water vapor and aerosol lidar measurements to study the SAL and its interactions with AEWs and TCs. Three case studies were selected for detailed analysis: (i) a stratified SAL, with fine structure and layering (unlike a well-mixed SAL), (ii) a SAL with high relative humidity (RH), and (iii) an AEW surrounded by SAL dry air intrusions. Profile measurements of aerosol scattering ratios, aerosol extinction coefficients, aerosol optical thickness, water vapor mixing ratios, RH, and temperature are presented to illustrate their characteristics in the SAL, convection, and clear air regions. LASE extinction-to-backscatter ratios for the dust layers varied from 35 ± 5 to 45 ± 5 sr, well within the range of values determined by other lidar systems. LASE aerosol extinction and water vapor profiles are validated by comparison with onboard in situ aerosol measurements and GPS dropsonde water vapor soundings, respectively. An analysis of LASE data suggests that the SAL suppresses low-altitude convection. Midlevel convection associated with the AEW and transport are likely responsible for high water vapor content observed in the southern regions of the SAL on 20 August 2008. This interaction is responsible for the transfer of about 7 × 1015 J (or 8 × 103 J m−2) latent heat energy within a day to the SAL. Initial modeling studies that used LASE water vapor profiles show sensitivity to and improvements in model forecasts of an AEW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Africa
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Tropics
KW  - Water vapor
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 52009521; Ismail, Syed 1; Email Address: syed.ismail-1@nasa.gov Ferrare, Richard A. 1 Browell, Edward V. 1 Kooi, Susan A. 2 Dunion, Jason P. 3 Heymsfield, Gerry 4 Notari, Anthony 2 Butler, Carolyn F. 2 Burton, Sharon 2 Fenn, Marta 2 Krishnamurti, T. N. 5 Biswas, Mrinal K. 5 Gao Chen 1 Anderson, Bruce 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia  3: NOAA/AOML/Hurricane Research Division, Miami, Florida  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, College Park, Maryland  5: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 67 Issue 4, p1026; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 10 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2009JAS3136.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52009521&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zou, Linhua
AU  - Wali, Natalie
AU  - Yang, Jenn-Ming
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Microstructural development of a Cf/ZrC composite manufactured by reactive melt infiltration
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1527
EP  - 1535
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: The microstructural development of a carbon fibre reinforced ZrC matrix composite, Cf/ZrC, manufactured by reactive melt infiltration (RMI) was investigated. The microstructural features of the composite were revealed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the carbon fibre bundles are surrounded by continuous ZrC layers, while the composite matrix is composed of island-like ZrC particles dispersed within an α-Zr–ZrC eutectic phase. Nanosized inclusions were found inside some ZrC particles and it was demonstrated that they were α-Zr or α-Zr–ZrC. A formation mechanism of the unique matrix microstructure is proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - FUSION (Phase transformation)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM carbide
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - EUTECTICS
KW  - Carbon (D)
KW  - Composites (B)
KW  - Microstructure (B)
KW  - Reactive melt infiltration
KW  - ZrC
N1  - Accession Number: 47955263; Zou, Linhua 1; Email Address: linhua_zou@hotmail.edu Wali, Natalie 1 Yang, Jenn-Ming 1 Bansal, Narottam P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1595, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1527; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: FUSION (Phase transformation); Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM carbide; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: EUTECTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon (D); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure (B); Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive melt infiltration; Author-Supplied Keyword: ZrC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2009.10.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=47955263&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
AU  - Glenar, David A.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Richard, Denis T.
T1  - Optical scattering processes observed at the Moon: Predictions for the LADEE Ultraviolet Spectrometer
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 58
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 830
EP  - 837
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft will orbit the Moon at an altitude of ≈50km with a payload that includes the Ultraviolet Spectrometer (UVS) instrument, which will obtain high spectral resolution measurements at near-ultraviolet and visible wavelengths (≈231–826nm). When LADEE/UVS observes the lunar limb from within the shadow of the Moon it is anticipated that it will detect a lunar horizon glow (LHG) due to sunlight scattered from submicron exospheric dust, as well as emission lines from exospheric gases (particularly sodium), in the presence of the bright coronal and zodiacal light (CZL) background. A modularized code has been developed at NMSU for simulations of scattered light sources as observed by orbiting instruments in lunar shadow. Predictions for the LADEE UVS and star tracker cameras indicate that LHG, sodium (Na) emission lines, and CZL can be distinguished based on spatial morphology and spectral characteristics, with LHG dominant at blue wavelengths (∼250–450nm) and small tangent heights. If present, LHG should be readily detected by LADEE/UVS and distinguishable from other sources of optical scattering. Observations from UVS and the other instruments aboard LADEE will significantly advance our understanding of how the Moon interacts with the surrounding space environment; these new insights will be applicable to the many other airless bodies in the solar system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectrometry
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - MOON -- Observations
KW  - Horizon glow
KW  - LADEE
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Lunar exosphere
KW  - Moon
KW  - Optical scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 48728424; Stubbs, Timothy J. 1,2,3; Email Address: Timothy.J.Stubbs@nasa.gov Glenar, David A. 3,4,5 Colaprete, Anthony 3,6 Richard, Denis T. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 695, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Astronomy Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA  5: Emeritus, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  7: San José State University Research Foundation, San José, CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 58 Issue 5, p830; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectrometry; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: MOON -- Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horizon glow; Author-Supplied Keyword: LADEE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical scattering; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.01.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48728424&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Curtis
AU  - Kelly, Dana
AU  - Dezfuli, Homayoon
T1  - Probability-informed testing for reliability assurance through Bayesian hypothesis methods
JO  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
JF  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 95
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 361
EP  - 368
SN  - 09518320
AB  - Abstract: Bayesian inference techniques play a central role in modern risk and reliability evaluations of complex engineering systems. These techniques allow the system performance data and any relevant associated information to be used collectively to calculate the probabilities of various types of hypotheses that are formulated as part of reliability assurance activities. This paper proposes a methodology based on Bayesian hypothesis testing to determine the number of tests that would be required to demonstrate that a system-level reliability target is met with a specified probability level. Recognizing that full-scale testing of a complex system is often not practical, testing schemes are developed at the subsystem level to achieve the overall system reliability target. The approach uses network modeling techniques to transform the topology of the system into logic structures consisting of series and parallel subsystems. The paper addresses the consideration of cost in devising subsystem level test schemes. The developed techniques are demonstrated using several examples. All analyses are carried out using the Bayesian analysis tool WinBUGS, which uses Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation methods to carry out inference over the network. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Reliability Engineering & System Safety is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - STATISTICAL hypothesis testing
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - ELECTRIC network topology
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - Cost
KW  - Hypothesis testing
KW  - MCMC
KW  - Probability level
KW  - Reliability
KW  - System analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 48221033; Smith, Curtis 1; Email Address: Curtis.Smith@inl.gov Kelly, Dana 1 Dezfuli, Homayoon 2; Affiliation:  1: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-3850, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 95 Issue 4, p361; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: STATISTICAL hypothesis testing; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: ELECTRIC network topology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypothesis testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: MCMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability level; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: System analysis; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ress.2009.11.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48221033&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jorgensen, Charles
AU  - Dusan, Sorin
T1  - Speech interfaces based upon surface electromyography
JO  - Speech Communication
JF  - Speech Communication
Y1  - 2010/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 354
EP  - 366
SN  - 01676393
AB  - Abstract: This paper discusses the use of surface electromyography (EMG) to recognize and synthesize speech. The acoustic speech signal can be significantly corrupted by high noise in the environment or impeded by garments or masks. Such situations occur, for example, when firefighters wear pressurized suits with self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or when astronauts perform operations in pressurized gear. In these conditions it is important to capture and transmit clear speech commands in spite of a corrupted or distorted acoustic speech signal. One way to mitigate this problem is to use surface electromyography to capture activity of speech articulators and then, either recognize spoken commands from EMG signals or use these signals to synthesize acoustic speech commands. We describe a set of experiments for both speech recognition and speech synthesis based on surface electromyography and discuss the lessons learned about the characteristics of the EMG signal for these domains. The experiments include speech recognition in high noise based on 15 commands for firefighters wearing self-contained breathing apparatus, a sub-vocal speech robotic platform control experiment based on five words, a speech recognition experiment testing recognition of vowels and consonants, and a speech synthesis experiment based on an articulatory speech synthesizer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Speech Communication is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPEECH perception
KW  - ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
KW  - ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - ARTICULATION (Speech)
KW  - BREATHING apparatus
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - SPEECH synthesis
KW  - Articulatory synthesis
KW  - Bioelectric control
KW  - Electromyography
KW  - EMG
KW  - Speech recognition
KW  - Speech synthesis
N1  - Accession Number: 48378994; Jorgensen, Charles 1; Email Address: Charles.Jorgensen@nasa.gov Dusan, Sorin 2; Affiliation:  1: Computational Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: MCT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p354; Subject Term: SPEECH perception; Subject Term: ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: ARTICULATION (Speech); Subject Term: BREATHING apparatus; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: SPEECH synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Articulatory synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioelectric control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromyography; Author-Supplied Keyword: EMG; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speech recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speech synthesis; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.specom.2009.11.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48378994&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Riesco, M. E.
AU  - McLean, C. H.
AU  - Mills, G. L.
AU  - Buerger, S.
AU  - Meyer, M. L.
T1  - VENTING AND HIGH VACUUM PERFORMANCE OF LOW DENSITY MULTILAYER INSULATION.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/04/09/
VL  - 1218
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 796
EP  - 803
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA Exploration Program is currently studying the use liquid oxygen, liquid methane and liquid hydrogen for propulsion in future spacecraft for Exploration of the Moon and Mars. This will require the efficient long term, on-orbit storage of these cryogenic propellants. Multilayer Insulation (MLI) will be critical to achieving the required thermal performance since it has much lower heat transfer than any other insulation when used in a vacuum. MLI with a low density (<=10 layers/cm) has been shown in previous work to be the most mass efficient. The size and mass constraints of these propulsion systems will not allow a structural shell to be used to provide vacuum for the MLI during ground hold and launch. The baseline approach is to purge the MLI during ground hold with an inert gas which is then vented during launch ascent and on-orbit. This paper presents the results on experimental tests and modeling performed by Ball Aerospace on low density, non-perforated MLI used to insulate a cryogenic tank simulating an Exploration cryogenic propellant storage vessel. These include measurements of the rate of venting and of the heat transfer of gas filled insulation, fully evacuated insulation and during the transition in between. Results of transient computer modeling of the MLI venting and heat transfer process are also presented. Previous work by some of the authors performed vent testing using MLI with perforations and slits and a slow pump down rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - SIZE reduction of materials
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - LIQUEFIED gases
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Cryogenic Propellants
KW  - Multilayer Insulation
KW  - Vacuum Insulation
N1  - Accession Number: 49807082; Riesco, M. E. 1 McLean, C. H. 1 Mills, G. L. 1 Buerger, S. 1 Meyer, M. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado 80301 USA.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA.; Source Info: 4/9/2010, Vol. 1218 Issue 1, p796; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: SIZE reduction of materials; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: LIQUEFIED gases; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic Propellants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multilayer Insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vacuum Insulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3422433
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49807082&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feller, J. R.
AU  - Kashani, A.
AU  - Helvensteijn, B. P. M.
AU  - Salerno, L. J.
T1  - CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ACTIVELY COOLED METAL FOIL THERMAL RADIATION SHIELD.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/04/09/
VL  - 1218
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1187
EP  - 1194
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Zero boil-off (ZBO) or reduced boil-off (RBO) systems that involve active cooling of large cryogenic propellant tanks will most likely be required for future space exploration missions. For liquid oxygen or methane, such systems could be implemented using existing high technology readiness level (TRL) cryocoolers. However, for liquid hydrogen temperatures (∼20 K) no such coolers exist. In order to partially circumvent this technology gap, the concept of broad area cooling (BAC) has been developed, whereby a low mass thermal radiation shield could be maintained at temperatures around 100 K by steady circulation of cold pressurized gas through a network of narrow tubes. By this method it is possible to dramatically reduce the radiative heat leak to the 20 K tank. A series of experiments, designed to investigate the heat transfer capabilities of BAC systems, have been conducted at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC). Results of the final experiment in this series, investigating heat transfer from a metal foil film to a distributed cooling line, are presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL foils
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - LIQUEFIED gases
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - Cryocooler
KW  - Cryogen Storage
KW  - Heat Exchanger
KW  - Heat Transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 49807230; Feller, J. R. 1 Kashani, A. 2 Helvensteijn, B. P. M. 2 Salerno, L. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA.  2: Atlas Scientific, San Jose, CA, 95120, USA.; Source Info: 4/9/2010, Vol. 1218 Issue 1, p1187; Subject Term: METAL foils; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: LIQUEFIED gases; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryocooler; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogen Storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat Exchanger; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat Transfer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332999 All Other Miscellaneous Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3422283
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiang, C. Y.
AU  - Done, Chris
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Godet, O.
T1  - An additional soft X-ray component in the dim low/hard state of black hole binaries.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/04/11/
VL  - 403
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1102
EP  - 1112
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We test the truncated disc models using multiwavelength (optical/ultraviolet/X-ray) data from the 2005 hard state outburst of the black hole Swift J1753.5−0127. This system is both fairly bright and has fairly low interstellar absorption, so gives one of the best data sets to study the weak, cool disc emission in this state. We fit these data using models of an X-ray illuminated disc to constrain the inner disc radius throughout the outburst. Close to the peak, the observed soft X-ray component is consistent with being produced by the inner disc, with its intrinsic emission enhanced in temperature and luminosity by reprocessing of hard X-ray illumination in an overlap region between the disc and corona. This disc emission provides the seed photons for Compton scattering to produce the hard X-ray spectrum, and these hard X-rays also illuminate the outer disc, producing the optical emission by reprocessing. However, the situation is very different as the outburst declines. The optical is probably cyclo-synchrotron radiation, self-generated by the flow, rather than tracing the outer disc. Similarly, limits from reprocessing make it unlikely that the soft X-rays are directly tracing the inner disc radius. Instead they appear to be from a new component. This is seen more clearly in a similarly dim low/hard state spectrum from XTE J1118+480, where the 10 times lower interstellar absorption allows a correspondingly better view of the ultraviolet/extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission. The very small emitting area implied by the relatively high temperature soft X-ray component is completely inconsistent with the much larger, cooler, ultraviolet component which is well fit by a truncated disc. We speculate on the origin of this component, but its existence as a clearly separate spectral component from the truncated disc in XTE J1118+480 shows that it does not simply trace the inner disc radius, so cannot constrain the truncated disc models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLACK holes (Astronomy)
KW  - X-rays
KW  - EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment
KW  - STARS
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - accretion
KW  - accretion discs
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - X-rays: binaries
N1  - Accession Number: 48942482; Chiang, C. Y. 1; Email Address: cychiang@ast.cam.ac.uk Done, Chris 1 Still, M. 2,3 Godet, O. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE.  2: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 93045, USA.  4: X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH.; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 403 Issue 3, p1102; Subject Term: BLACK holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: EINSTEIN-Podolsky-Rosen experiment; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-rays: binaries; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.16129.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Dunyou
AU  - Huo, Winifred M.
T1  - Eight-dimensional, quantum reaction dynamics, study of the isotopic reaction D2 +C2H
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2010/04/16/
VL  - 490
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 8
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: Time-dependent quantum reaction dynamics calculations using eight degrees of freedom are reported in a study of the isotopic reaction, D2 +C2H, on a new modified potential energy surface. It shows that vibrational excitations of D2 enhance the reactivity, whereas the bending excitations of C2H hinder the reactivity. The comparison of the three isotopic reactions also shows the isotopic effect in the initial-state-selected reaction probability, integral cross section and rate constants. The rate constant comparison shows that the D2 +C2H reaction has the smallest reactivity among the three isotopic reactions D2/HD/H2 +C2H reaction, then HD+C2H, and H2 +C2H has the largest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - SPIN excitations
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
N1  - Accession Number: 50225800; Wang, Dunyou 1; Email Address: dywang@sdnu.edu.cn Huo, Winifred M. 2; Affiliation:  1: College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, 88 East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Apr2010, Vol. 490 Issue 1-3, p4; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: SPIN excitations; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.03.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swartz, Douglas A.
AU  - Wolk, Scott J.
AU  - Fruscione, Antonella
T1  - Chandra's first decade of discovery.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/04/20/
VL  - 107
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 7127
EP  - 7134
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one by Carles Badenes on Chandra's X-ray Observatory images of the supernova remnants (SNR), one by Sangwook Park on the measurement of the SN's radial expansion, and one by Craig Heinke on the alternative model for the neutron star atmosphere that is composed of carbon instead of helium.
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - NEUTRON stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - review
KW  - X-rays
N1  - Accession Number: 50505355; Swartz, Douglas A. 1; Email Address: doug.swartz@nasa.gov Wolk, Scott J. 2 Fruscione, Antonella 2; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35805  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138; Source Info: 4/20/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 16, p7127; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: NEUTRON stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: review; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-rays; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weisskopf, Martin C.
T1  - The making of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory: The project scientist's perspective.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/04/20/
VL  - 107
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 7135
EP  - 7140
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The article presents the author's insights on the development of the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. The author states that the development of Chandra was motivated by the discovery of the first extrasolar x-ray source Scorpius X-1 by Riccardo Giacconi and colleagues. He mentions that the Technology Mirror Assembly-2 (TMA-2) reflected the potential creation of Chandra optics. He says that the active galactic nucleus (AGN) in x-ray images served as a forerunner in the discoveries made by Chandra.
KW  - X-rays -- Research
KW  - SOLAR x-rays
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - historical perspective
KW  - x-ray astronomy
KW  - CHANDRA X-ray Observatory (U.S.)
KW  - GIACCONI, Riccardo
N1  - Accession Number: 50505356; Weisskopf, Martin C. 1; Email Address: martin.c.weisskopf@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35805; Source Info: 4/20/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 16, p7135; Subject Term: X-rays -- Research; Subject Term: SOLAR x-rays; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: historical perspective; Author-Supplied Keyword: x-ray astronomy; Company/Entity: CHANDRA X-ray Observatory (U.S.); People: GIACCONI, Riccardo; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, T.
AU  - Nefian, A. V.
AU  - Broxton, M. J.
T1  - Photometric recovery of Apollo metric imagery with Lunar-Lambertian reflectance.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2010/04/29/
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 631
EP  - 633
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 00135194
AB  - The scene radiance of the lunar surface, the reflectance of which depends on the topographical configuration is reconstructed from Apollo orbital imagery. The pixel value is determined by the camera response of sensor exposure which is proportional to scene radiance, lunar reflectance and exposure time. Based on the Lunar-Lambertian reflectance model, the point-wise reflectance is pre-calculated from the Apollo metadata and digital elevation models. The surface radiance, exposure time and camera response are estimated by the maximum likelihood method for sensor exposure which follows a continuous Poisson distribution with the mean of surface radiance. An alternating parameter scheme is proposed to determine the one family of parameters from the others. The photometric recovery of ortho-images derived from Apollo 15 metric camera imagery is presented to show the validity of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - POISSON distribution
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - METADATA
KW  - CAMERAS
N1  - Accession Number: 49807593; Kim, T. 1; Email Address: tmkim@kaist.ac.kr Nefian, A. V. 2 Broxton, M. J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.  2: Intelligent Robotics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: 4/29/2010, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p631; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: POISSON distribution; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: METADATA; Subject Term: CAMERAS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423410 Photographic Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414430 Photographic equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443145 Camera and photographic supplies stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2010.0032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campins, Humberto
AU  - Hargrove, Kelsey
AU  - Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi
AU  - Howell, Ellen S.
AU  - Kelley, Michael S.
AU  - Licandro, Javier
AU  - Mothé-Diniz, T.
AU  - Fernández, Y.
AU  - Ziffer, Julie
T1  - Water ice and organics on the surface of the asteroid 24 Themis.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2010/04/29/
VL  - 464
IS  - 7293
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1321
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - It has been suggested that Earth’s current supply of water was delivered by asteroids, some time after the collision that produced the Moon (which would have vaporized any of the pre-existing water). So far, no measurements of water ice on asteroids have been made, but its presence has been inferred from the comet-like activity of several small asteroids, including two members of the Themis dynamical family. Here we report infrared spectra of the asteroid 24 Themis which show that ice and organic compounds are not only present on its surface but also prevalent. Infrared spectral differences between it and other asteroids make 24 Themis unique so far, and our identification of ice and organics agrees with independent results that rule out other compounds as possible sources of the observed spectral structure. The widespread presence of surface ice on 24 Themis is somewhat unexpected because of the relatively short lifetime of exposed ice at this distance (∼3.2 au) from the Sun. Nevertheless, there are several plausible sources, such as a subsurface reservoir that brings water to the surface through ‘impact gardening’ and/or sublimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - COMETS
KW  - GARDENING
N1  - Accession Number: 49787333; Campins, Humberto 1; Email Address: campins@physics.ucf.edu Hargrove, Kelsey 1 Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi 2 Howell, Ellen S. 3 Kelley, Michael S. 4 Licandro, Javier 5,6 Mothé-Diniz, T. 7 Fernández, Y. 1 Ziffer, Julie 8; Affiliation:  1: University of Central Florida, PO Box 162385, Orlando, Florida 32816-2385, USA  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: NAIC-Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00612  4: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA  5: Instituto de Astrofi'sica de Canarias, Calle Vi'a La'ctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain  6: Department of Astrophysics, University of La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain  7: Universidade Federal Do Rio De Janeiro, RJ 20080-090, Brazil  8: University of Southern Maine, Department of Physics, Portland, Maine 04104, USA; Source Info: 4/29/2010, Vol. 464 Issue 7293, p1320; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: GARDENING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561730 Landscaping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature09029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pirzadeh, Shahyar Z.
T1  - Advanced Unstructured Grid Generation for Complex Aerodynamic Applications.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 904
EP  - 915
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A new approach for the distribution of grid points on the surface and in the volume has been developed. In addition to the point and line sources of previous works, the new approach uses surface and volume sources for automatic curvature-based grid sizing and convenient point distribution in the volume. A new exponential growth function produces smoother and more efficient grids and provides superior control over the distribution of grid points in the field. All types of sources support anisotropic grid stretching, which not only improves the grid economy but also provides more accurate solutions for certain aerodynamic applications. The new approach does not require a three-dimensional background grid as in the previous methods. Instead, it makes use of an efficient bounding-box auxiliary medium for storing grid parameters defined by surface sources. The new approach is less memory intensive and more efficient computationally. The grids generated with the new method either eliminate the need for adaptive grid refinement for certain class of problems or provide high-quality initial grids that would enhance the performance of many adaptation methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CURVATURE
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - GEOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 50606259; Pirzadeh, Shahyar Z. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton Virginia 23681; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p904; Subject Term: CURVATURE; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 17 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41355
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - El-Gabry, Lamyaa
AU  - Heidmann, James
AU  - Ameri, Ali
T1  - Penetration Characteristics of Film-Cooling Jets at High Blowing Ratio.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1020
EP  - 1024
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article focuses on a study which utilized Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques to analyze film cooling at high blowing ratios. The study also compared the numerical predictions with experimental data to identify the shortcomings of such techniques in predicting film-cooling flows. It examined the ability of CFD to predict high-blowing-ratio, low-blowing-ratio and intermediate blowing ratio. Study authors concluded that the wake of jet poses challenge for RANS-based CFD techniques.
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - COOLING
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 50606270; El-Gabry, Lamyaa 1 Heidmann, James 2 Ameri, Ali 3; Affiliation:  1: American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835 Arab Republic of Egypt  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p1020; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.42611
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
AU  - Segura, Teresa
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - The Formation of Martian River Valleys by Impacts.
JO  - Annual Review of Earth & Planetary Sciences
JF  - Annual Review of Earth & Planetary Sciences
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 38
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 322
SN  - 00846597
AB  - We explore the role of large impacts in creating the Martian valley networks. Recent dating shows that some large impact basins are contemporaneous with the valley networks. The mass deposited (and volatiles released) by impacts is large, and comparable with the mass from the Tharsis volcanic construct. Steam atmospheres formed after large impacts can produce more than 600 m of rainfall, followed by rainfall from water-vapor greenhouse atmospheres, and snowmelt. The erosion rates from impacts that created the currently visible craters are somewhat less than the erosion rates suggested for the Noachian (4.2 to 3.82 Gya). There are several possible explanations for this difference, and it is possible that erosion rates are overestimated because the burial of small craters by global debris layers from impacts has not been considered. Rainfall after the Noachian was low because the impact rate and CO2 pressure declined. We suggest tests of the hypothesis that impacts caused the river valleys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Earth & Planetary Sciences is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - VALLEYS
KW  - SOIL erosion
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - climate change
KW  - erosion
KW  - greenhouse
KW  - Mars
KW  - rainfall
N1  - Accession Number: 51315835; Toon, Owen B. 1; Email Address: toon@lasp.colorado.edu Segura, Teresa 2; Email Address: Teresa.Segura@ngc.com Zahnle, Kevin 3; Email Address: kzahnle@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309  2: Civil Systems, Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, California 90278  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 38 Issue 1, p303; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: VALLEYS; Subject Term: SOIL erosion; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: greenhouse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: rainfall; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-earth-040809-152354
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51315835&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenks, Kate
AU  - Roederer, Ian U.
AU  - Norris, Kyle
AU  - Chaple, Glenn
AU  - Vorrias, Alexandros
AU  - Faure, Cécile
AU  - Altug, Aykut
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeff
T1  - Ask Astro.
JO  - Astronomy
JF  - Astronomy
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 38
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 63
PB  - Kalmbach Publishing Co.
SN  - 00916358
AB  - In the article, a group of several astronomers including Kate Jenks, Ian U. Roederer, and Kyle Norris answer questions sent in by readers. Topics addressed include the neutron-capture process involved in the creation of atoms heavier than iron, advice for beginning astronomers that include finding a mentor and starting out slowly, and shape, magnification, and position factors that are indicative of observing an authentic gravitational lens.
KW  - ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching
KW  - NEUTRON capture
KW  - MOLE (Chemistry)
KW  - ASTRONOMERS
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL lenses
KW  - TRAINING of
N1  - Accession Number: 48625046; Jenks, Kate Roederer, Ian U. 1 Norris, Kyle Chaple, Glenn Vorrias, Alexandros Faure, Cécile 2 Altug, Aykut Cuzzi, Jeff 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Texas, Austin  2: Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland  3: NASA's Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 38 Issue 5, p62; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: NEUTRON capture; Subject Term: MOLE (Chemistry); Subject Term: ASTRONOMERS; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL lenses; Subject Term: TRAINING of; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1353
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Perring, A. E.
AU  - Bertram, T. H.
AU  - Flocke, F. M.
AU  - Roberts, J. M.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
AU  - Huey, L. G.
AU  - Thornton, J. A.
AU  - Wolfe, G. M.
AU  - Murphy, J. G.
AU  - Fry, J. L.
AU  - Rollins, A. W.
AU  - LaFranchi, B.W.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - Total Peroxy Nitrates (ΣPNs) in the atmosphere: the Thermal Dissociation-Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) technique and comparisons to speciated PAN measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 593
EP  - 607
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study on the peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) measurement and detection via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) technique, developed at the University of California, Berkeley. It says that PAN was formed in the atmosphere from the reaction of peroxy radicals and can be a temporary reservoirs for NOx (=NO+NO2). It also says that thermal dissociation-chemical ionization mass spectrometric (TD-CIMS) techniques are implemented for field measurements in the past few years.
KW  - PEROXYACETYL nitrate
KW  - MEASURING instruments
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - UNIVERSITY of California, Berkeley
N1  - Accession Number: 52410459; Wooldridge, P. J. 1; Email Address: pjwool@berkeley.edu Perring, A. E. 1 Bertram, T. H. 2 Flocke, F. M. 3 Roberts, J. M. 4 Singh, H. B. 5 Huey, L. G. 6 Thornton, J. A. 7 Wolfe, G. M. 7 Murphy, J. G. 8 Fry, J. L. 9 Rollins, A. W. 1 LaFranchi, B.W. 1 Cohen, R. C. 1,10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA  2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA  3: NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division, Boulder, CO, USA  4: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  6: School of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  7: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA  8: Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  9: Department of Chemistry, Reed College, Portland, OR, USA  10: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 3, p593; Subject Term: PEROXYACETYL nitrate; Subject Term: MEASURING instruments; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Company/Entity: UNIVERSITY of California, Berkeley; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-3-593-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kleb, M. M.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Flocke, F. M.
AU  - Brown, C. C.
T1  - An overview of measurement comparisons from the INTEX-B/MILAGRO airborne field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2275
EP  - 2316
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article offers information on the 140 intercomparisons of data collected during U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-B (INTEX-B) mission. It says that the INTEX-B, part of the NASA-led INTEX-NA mission, was the second major airborne field mission aiming to investigate the transport and transportation of pollution over the North American continent. It notes that it operates in coordination with MILAGRO and IMPEX missions.
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 52408208; Kleb, M. M. 1; Email Address: mary.m.kleb@nasa.gov Chen, G. 1 Crawford, J. H. 1 Flocke, F. M. 2 Brown, C. C. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 3, p2275; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 42p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 6 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-3-2275-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wunch, D.
AU  - Toon, G. C.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Wofsy, S. C.
AU  - Stephens, B. B.
AU  - Fischer, M. L.
AU  - Uchino, O.
AU  - Abshire, J. B.
AU  - Bernath, P.
AU  - Biraud, S. C.
AU  - Blavier, J.-F. L.
AU  - Boone, C.
AU  - Bowman, K. P.
AU  - Browell, E. V.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Connor, B. J.
AU  - Daube, B. C.
AU  - Deutscher, N. M.
AU  - Diao, M.
AU  - Elkins, J. W.
T1  - Calibration of the total carbon column observing network using aircraft profile data.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2603
EP  - 2632
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study which evaluates the importance of Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) which was calibrated by World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in situ trace gas measurement scales. It states that the network is designed for aircraft campaigns for Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport 2008 (START-08) included a profile over the Lamont and Lauder sites. The global calibration factor of gas captures the TCCON data is also evaluated.
KW  - TRACE gases
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - CARBON
KW  - WORLD Meteorological Organization
N1  - Accession Number: 52408217; Wunch, D. 1; Email Address: dwunch@gps.caltech.edu Toon, G. C. 1,2 Wennberg, P. O. 1,2 Wofsy, S. C. 3 Stephens, B. B. 4 Fischer, M. L. 5 Uchino, O. 6 Abshire, J. B. 7 Bernath, P. 8,9 Biraud, S. C. 5 Blavier, J.-F. L. 2 Boone, C. 8 Bowman, K. P. 10 Browell, E. V. 11 Campos, T. 4 Connor, B. J. 12 Daube, B. C. 3 Deutscher, N. M. 13 Diao, M. 14 Elkins, J. W. 15; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA  3: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  5: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA, USA  6: National Insitute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  8: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada  9: York University, York, UK  10: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA  11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  12: BC Consulting Limited, Alexandra, New Zealand  13: Center for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia  14: Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA  15: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 3, p2603; Subject Term: TRACE gases; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: CARBON; Company/Entity: WORLD Meteorological Organization; Number of Pages: 30p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 7 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-3-2603-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lien, Mei-Ching
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
AU  - Kouchi, Scott
AU  - Lachter, Joel
T1  - Even frequent and expected words are not identified without spatial attention.
JO  - Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
JF  - Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 72
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 973
EP  - 988
SN  - 19433921
AB  - Previous studies have disagreed about the extent to which people extract meaning from words presented outside the focus of spatial attention. The present study examined a possible explanation for such discrepancies inspired by attenuation theory: Unattended words can be read more automatically when they are expected within a given context (e.g., due to frequent repetition). We presented a brief prime word in lowercase, followed by a target word in uppercase. Participants indicated whether the target word belonged to a particular category (e.g., 'sports'). When we used a visual cue to draw attention to the location of the prime word, it produced substantial priming effects on target responses (i.e., especially fast responses when the prime and target words were identical or from the same category). When prime words were not attended, however, they produced no priming effects. This finding replicated even when there were only four words, each repeated 160 times during the experiment. It appears that very little word processing is possible without spatial attention, even for words that are expected and frequently presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Attention, Perception & Psychophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - SPATIAL behavior
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - READING
KW  - PRIMING (Psychology)
KW  - ASSOCIATION of ideas
KW  - MEMORY
N1  - Accession Number: 62290503; Lien, Mei-Ching 1; Email Address: mei.lien@oregonstate.edu Ruthruff, Eric 2 Kouchi, Scott 1 Lachter, Joel 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, Oregon State University, 97331-5303 Corvallis  2: University of New Mexico, Albuquerque  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 72 Issue 4, p973; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: SPATIAL behavior; Subject Term: SPACE perception; Subject Term: READING; Subject Term: PRIMING (Psychology); Subject Term: ASSOCIATION of ideas; Subject Term: MEMORY; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3758/APP.72.4.973
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gough, Raina V.
AU  - Tolbert, Margaret A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - Methane adsorption on a martian soil analog: An abiogenic explanation for methane variability in the martian atmosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 207
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 174
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Recent observations suggest methane in the martian atmosphere is variable on short spatial and temporal scales. However, to explain the variability by loss reactions requires production rates much larger than expected. Here, we report results of laboratory studies of methane adsorption onto JSC-Mars-1, a martian soil simulant, and suggest that this process could explain the observations. Uptake coefficient (γ) values were measured as a function of temperature using a high-vacuum Knudsen cell able to simulate martian temperature and pressure conditions. Values of γ were measured from 115 to 135K, and the data were extrapolated to higher temperatures with more relevance to Mars. Adsorptive uptake was found to increase at lower temperatures and larger methane partial pressures. Although only sub-monolayer methane surface coverage is likely to exist under martian conditions, a very large mineral surface area is available for adsorption as atmospheric methane can diffuse meters into the regolith. As a result, significant methane may be temporarily lost to the regolith on a seasonal time scale. As this weak adsorption is fully reversible, methane will be re-released into the atmosphere when surface and subsurface temperatures rise and so no net loss of methane occurs. Heterogeneous interaction of methane with martian soil grains is the only process proposed thus far which contains both rapid methane loss and rapid methane production mechanisms and is thus fully consistent with the reported variability of methane on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SOIL absorption & adsorption
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Surface
KW  - Regoliths
N1  - Accession Number: 49120956; Gough, Raina V. 1; Email Address: raina.gough@colorado.edu Tolbert, Margaret A. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Toon, Owen B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP), Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (ATOC), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 207 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SOIL absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delitsky, M.L.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - The photochemical products of benzene in Titan’s upper atmosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 207
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 477
EP  - 484
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The Cassini spacecraft detected benzene high in Titan’s atmosphere as well as the presence of large mass positive and negative ions. Previous work has suggested that these large mass ions could be composed of fused-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds. These fused-ring PAHs, such as naphthalene and anthracene, are usually the result of high temperature processes that may not occur in Titan’s thin, cold, upper thermosphere. Here we suggest that a different class of aromatic compounds, polyphenyls, may be a better explanation of the data. Polyphenyls can grow to be large polymeric structures and could condense to form the aerosols seen in Titan’s cloud and hazes. They have similar properties to fused-ring PAHs (for example, electron affinity, ionization potential) and could be the negative ion species seen in the CAPS instrument data from the Cassini spacecraft. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ORGANIC chemistry
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheres, Chemistry
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 49120977; Delitsky, M.L. 1; Email Address: cal_specialty@yahoo.com McKay, C.P. 2; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: California Specialty Engineering, P.O. Box 1522, Flintridge, CA 91012, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 207 Issue 1, p477; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ORGANIC chemistry; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - DiCarlo, James A.
AU  - Kiser, James D.
AU  - Hee Mann Yun
T1  - Effects of Fiber Architecture on Matrix Cracking for Melt-Infiltrated SiC/SiC Composites.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 276
EP  - 290
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - The matrix cracking behavior of slurry cast melt-infiltrated SiC matrix composites consisting of Sylramic-iBN fibers with a wide variety of fiber architectures were compared. The fiber architectures included 2D woven, braided, 3D orthogonal, and angle interlock architectures. Acoustic emission was used to monitor in-plane matrix cracking during unload–reload tensile tests. Two key parameters were found to control matrix-cracking behavior: the fiber volume fraction in the loading direction and the area of the weakest portion of the structure, that is, the largest tow in the architecture perpendicular to the loading direction. Empirical models that support these results are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
N1  - Accession Number: 50210953; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: gregory.n.morscher@nasa.gov DiCarlo, James A. 2 Kiser, James D. 2 Hee Mann Yun 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44142  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Matech GSM, 31304 Via Colinas, Suite 102, Westlake Village, California 91362; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p276; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02422.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roithmayr, Carlos M.
AU  - Hodges, Dewey H.
T1  - Forces associated with non-linear non-holonomic constraint equations
JO  - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
JF  - International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 357
EP  - 369
SN  - 00207462
AB  - Abstract: A concise method has been formulated for identifying a set of forces needed to constrain the behavior of a mechanical system, modeled as a set of particles and rigid bodies, when it is subject to motion constraints described by non-holonomic equations that are inherently non-linear in velocity. An expression in vector form is obtained for each force; a direction is determined, together with the point of application. This result is a consequence of expressing constraint equations in terms of dot products of vectors rather than in the usual way, which is entirely in terms of scalars and matrices. The constraint forces in vector form are used together with two new analytical approaches for deriving equations governing motion of a system subject to such constraints. If constraint forces are of interest they can be brought into evidence in explicit dynamical equations by employing the well-known non-holonomic partial velocities associated with Kane''s method; if they are not of interest, equations can be formed instead with the aid of vectors introduced here as non-holonomic partial accelerations. When the analyst requires only the latter, smaller set of equations, they can be formed directly; it is not necessary to expend the labor first to form the former, larger set and subsequently perform matrix multiplications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONHOLONOMIC dynamical systems
KW  - CONSTRAINT satisfaction (Artificial intelligence)
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - MULTIPLIERS (Mathematical analysis)
KW  - LAGRANGE equations
KW  - VECTOR analysis
KW  - Constraint forces
KW  - Constraint torques
KW  - Kane's method
KW  - Lagrange multipliers
KW  - Non-holonomic constraint equations
KW  - Undetermined multipliers
N1  - Accession Number: 48404258; Roithmayr, Carlos M. 1; Email Address: c.m.roithmayr@larc.nasa.gov Hodges, Dewey H. 2; Email Address: dhodges@gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Vehicle Analysis Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 451, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p357; Subject Term: NONHOLONOMIC dynamical systems; Subject Term: CONSTRAINT satisfaction (Artificial intelligence); Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: MULTIPLIERS (Mathematical analysis); Subject Term: LAGRANGE equations; Subject Term: VECTOR analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constraint forces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constraint torques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kane's method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lagrange multipliers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-holonomic constraint equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Undetermined multipliers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2009.12.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48404258&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rozier, Kristin Y.
AU  - Vardi, Moshe Y.
T1  - LTL satisfiability checking.
JO  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
JF  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 137
SN  - 14332779
AB  - We report here on an experimental investigation of LTL satisfiability checking via a reduction to model checking. By using large LTL formulas, we offer challenging model-checking benchmarks to both explicit and symbolic model checkers. For symbolic model checking, we use CadenceSMV, NuSMV, and SAL-SMC. For explicit model checking, we use SPIN as the search engine, and we test essentially all publicly available LTL translation tools. Our experiments result in two major findings. First, most LTL translation tools are research prototypes and cannot be considered industrial quality tools. Second, when it comes to LTL satisfiability checking, the symbolic approach is clearly superior to the explicit approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEARCH engines
KW  - INTERNET searching
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - INFORMATION services
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - Benchmark
KW  - Linear temporal logic
KW  - LTL satisfiability
KW  - LTL translation
KW  - LTL-to-automata
KW  - Model checking
KW  - Sanity check
N1  - Accession Number: 50259084; Rozier, Kristin Y. 1; Email Address: Kristin.Y.Rozier@nasa.gov Vardi, Moshe Y. 2; Email Address: vardi@cs.rice.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA.  2: Rice University, Houston 77005 USA.; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p123; Subject Term: SEARCH engines; Subject Term: INTERNET searching; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: INFORMATION services; Subject Term: DATA mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benchmark; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear temporal logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: LTL satisfiability; Author-Supplied Keyword: LTL translation; Author-Supplied Keyword: LTL-to-automata; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sanity check; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519190 All Other Information Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10009-010-0140-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50259084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lopes, Leonard V.
AU  - Brentner, Kenneth S.
AU  - Morris, Philip J.
T1  - Framework for a Landing-Gear Model and Acoustic Prediction.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 763
EP  - 774
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A new system has been developed at Pennsylvania State University for the prediction of landing-gear noise. The system is designed to handle the complex landing-gear geometry of current aircraft, as well as provide predictions for future aircraft landing-gear designs. The gear is represented by a collection of subassemblies and simple components that are modeled using acoustic elements. These acoustic elements are generic but generate noise representative of the physical components on landing gear. The method sums the noise radiation from each component of the landing gear in isolation, accounting for interference with adjacent components through an estimate of the local upstream and downstream flows and turbulence intensities. The acoustic calculations are made using the landing-gear-model-and- acoustic-prediction code, which computes the sound pressure levels at specified observer locations. The method can calculate the noise from the landing gear in isolation or installed on an aircraft for any type of landing gear (main or nose). This paper presents an introduction to the system and initial calibrations by using wind-tunnel experiments and the Aircraft Noise Prediction Program prediction formulas. Noise predictions using the landing-gear model and acoustic prediction are compared with wind-tunnel data for model landing gears of various levels of fidelity and Mach numbers. The initial landing-gear-model-and-acoustic-prediction predictions for dressed configurations show an increase in noise in the frequency range representative of the added landing-gear components. The landing-gear model and acoustic prediction is also compared with wind-tunnel measurements for much larger landing-gear geometry, measured in the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University acoustic wind tunnel. Predictions show the ability of the landing-gear model and acoustic prediction to predict the contribution of each component to the overall values. Although the landing-gear model and acoustic prediction is in an early stage of development, the present agreement between the calculations and measurements suggests the method has promise for future application in the prediction of airframe noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Landing gear
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - PENNSYLVANIA
KW  - PENNSYLVANIA State University
N1  - Accession Number: 52330861; Lopes, Leonard V. 1; Email Address: leonard.v.lopes@nasa.gov Brentner, Kenneth S. 2; Email Address: ksbrentner@psu.edu Morris, Philip J. 2; Email Address: pjm@psu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p763; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Landing gear; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: PENNSYLVANIA; Company/Entity: PENNSYLVANIA State University; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.36925
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52330861&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, G. P.
T1  - Computational-Fluid-Dynamics- and Computational-Structural-Dynamics-Based Time-Accurate Aeroelasticity of Helicopter Rotor Blades.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 858
EP  - 863
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A modular capability tocompute dynamic aeroelastic characteristics of rotor blades using the Euler/Navier-Stokes flow equations and finite element structural equations is presented. The approach is based on a time-accurate analysis procedure that is suitable for nonlinear fluid-structure interaction problems. Fluids and structural solvers are time-accurately coupled in the C++ environment. Unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic results are validated with experimental data for nonrotating and rotating isolated blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPRESSORS -- Blades
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TURBOJET plane engines -- Blades
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 52330870; Guruswamy, G. P. 1; Email Address: guru.p.guruswarny@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p858; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPRESSORS -- Blades; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TURBOJET plane engines -- Blades; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45744
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52330870&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Whalen, Edward A.
AU  - Busch, Greg T.
AU  - Bragg, Michael B.
T1  - Aerodynamic Simulation of Runback Ice Accretion.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 924
EP  - 939
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents the results of recent investigations into the aerodynamics of simulated runback ice accretion on airfoils. Aerodynamic testing was performed on a full-scale, 72-in.-chord (1828.8-mm-chord), NACA 23012 airfoil model over a Reynolds number range of 4.7 × 106 to 16.0 × 106 and a Mach number range of 0.10 to 0.28. A high-fidelity ice-casting simulation of a runback ice accretion was attached to the model leading edge. For Re = 16.0 × 106 and M = 0.20, the artificial ice shape decreased the maximum lift coefficient from 1.82 to 1.51 and decreased the stalling angle of attack from 18.1 to 15.0 deg. In general, the iced-airfoil performance was insensitive to Reynolds and Mach number changes over the range tested. Aerodynamic testing was also conducted on a quarter-scale NACA 23012 model [18 in. (457.2 mm) chord] at Re = 1.8 × 106 and M = 0.18, using low-fidelity geometrically scaled simulations of the full-scale casting. It was found that simple two-dimensional simulations of the upper- and lower-surface runback ridges provided the best representation of the full-scale, high-Reynolds-number, iced-airfoil aerodynamics. Higher-fidelity simulations of the runback ice accretion that included geometrically scaled three-dimensional features resulted in larger performance degradations than those measured on the full-scale model. Based upon this research, a new subclassification of spanwise-ridge ice is proposed that distinguishes between short and tall ridges. This distinction is made in terms of the fundamental aerodynamic characteristics as described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 52330877; Broeren, Andy P. 1 Whalen, Edward A. 2 Busch, Greg T. 3 Bragg, Michael B. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Boeing Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63166  3: University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Source Info: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p924; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46475
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52330877&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rossow, Vernon J.
AU  - Brownt, Anthony P.
T1  - Effect of Jet-Exhaust Streams on Structure of Vortex Wakes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1076
EP  - 1083
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The article explores the effect of jet-exhaust streams from the engines on structure of vortex wakes. It suggests that aircraft at cruise altitudes not only have energetic jet-engine-exhaust streams, but also often provide flow visualization of their lift-generated and exhaust-driven wakes at large distances behind the wake-generating aircraft. This study supports the efforts underway to increase airport capacity for aircraft landing and takeoff operations by use of closely spaced parallel runways.
KW  - WAKES (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics)
KW  - LANDING of airplanes
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Takeoff
KW  - RUNWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
N1  - Accession Number: 52330895; Rossow, Vernon J. 1 Brownt, Anthony P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: National Research Council, Uplands, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6 Canada; Source Info: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p1076; Subject Term: WAKES (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: LANDING of airplanes; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Takeoff; Subject Term: RUNWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.47427
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52330895&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhai, Peng-Wang
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Chowdhary, Jacek
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Lucker, Patricia L.
AU  - Josset, Damien B.
T1  - A vector radiative transfer model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems with a rough interface
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 111
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1025
EP  - 1040
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: We report on an exact vector (polarized) radiative transfer (VRT) model for coupled atmosphere and ocean systems. This VRT model is based on the successive order of scattering (SOS) method, which virtually takes all the multiple scattering processes into account, including atmospheric scattering, oceanic scattering, reflection and transmission through the rough ocean surface. The isotropic Cox–Munk wave model is used to derive the ref and transmission matrices for the rough ocean surface. Shadowing effects are included by the shadowing function. We validated the SOS results by comparing them with those calculated by two independent codes based on the doubling/adding and Monte Carlo methods. Two error analyses related to the ocean color remote sensing are performed in the coupled atmosphere and ocean systems. One is the scalar error caused by ignoring the polarization in the whole system. The other is the error introduced by ignoring the polarization of the light transmitted through the ocean interface. Both errors are significant for the cases studied. This code fits for the next generation of ocean color study because it converges fast for absorbing medium as, for instance, ocean. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - Atmospheric and ocean optics
KW  - Attenuation
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Propagation
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Scattering
KW  - Transmission
N1  - Accession Number: 48406156; Zhai, Peng-Wang 1; Email Address: Pengwang.zhai-1@nasa.gov Hu, Yongxiang 2 Chowdhary, Jacek 3 Trepte, Charles R. 2 Lucker, Patricia L. 1 Josset, Damien B. 4; Affiliation:  1: SSAI 1 Enterprise Parkway Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA  4: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 111 Issue 7/8, p1025; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric and ocean optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.12.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48406156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
AU  - Vayner, Boris V.
AU  - Hillard, Grover B.
T1  - Experimental Charging Behavior of Orion UltraFlex Array Designs.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 521
EP  - 532
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The present ground-based investigations give the first definitive look, describing the charging behavior of Orion UltraFlex arrays in both the low-Earth-orbital and geosynchronous environments. Note the low-Earth-orbital charging environment also applies to the International Space Station. The geosynchronous charging environment includes the bounding case for all lunar mission environments. The UltraFlex photovoltaic array technology is targeted to become the sole power system for life support and onorbit power for the manned Orion crew exploration vehicle. The purpose of the experimental tests is to gain an understanding of the complex charging behavior to answer some of the basic performance and survivability issues to ascertain if a single UltraFlex array design will be able to cope with the projected worst-case low-Earth-orbital and geosynchronous charging environments. Stage 1 low-Earth-orbital plasma testing revealed that all four arrays successfully passed arc threshold bias tests down to -240 V. Stage 2 geosynchronous electron-gun-charging tests revealed that only the front-side area of indium-tin-oxide-coated array designs successfully passed the arc frequency tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 51949170; Galofaro, Joel T. 1 Vayner, Boris V. 1,2 Hillard, Grover B. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135  2: Member AIAA; Source Info: May/Jun2010, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p521; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 9 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.47285
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51949170&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chatterjee, Anuran
AU  - Angela Wang
AU  - Lera, Matthew
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
T1  - Lunar Soil Simulant Uptake Produces a Concentration-Dependent Increase in Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression in Murine RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells.
JO  - Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A
JF  - Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 73
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 626
SN  - 15287394
AB  - One of NASA's long-term objectives is to be able to stay on the moon for extended periods, and to provide a stepping-stone for future Mars explorations. The lunar soil simulant JSC-1 has been developed by NASA from volcanic ash found in Arizona to facilitate testing of toxicity and system requirements for lunar exploration. A concentration-response study of JSC-1 was undertaken on the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Results demonstrated concentrations of 50-2000 μ g/ml JSC-1 induced enhanced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Data suggest that extraterrestrial regolith has the potential to induce an inflammatory response, and that future development of anti-inflammatory mitigative strategies may be necessary to counteract lunar dust-associated cellular toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Toxicology & Environmental Health: Part A is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOON
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - LUNAR regolith simulants
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 49144143; Chatterjee, Anuran 1 Angela Wang 1 Lera, Matthew 2 Bhattacharya, Sharmila 1; Email Address: sharmila.bhattacharya@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Radiation and Space Biotechnologies Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Howard & Houston Engineering, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 73 Issue 9, p623; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: LUNAR regolith simulants; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15287390903578182
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49144143&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mayugo, J. A.
AU  - Camanho, P. P.
AU  - Maimí, P.
AU  - Dávila, C. G.
T1  - Analytical Modelling of Transverse Matrix Cracking of {±θ/90n}s Composite Laminates under Multiaxial Loading.
JO  - Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures
JF  - Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2010/05//May/Jun2010
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 237
EP  - 245
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 15376494
AB  - An analytical model based on the analysis of a cracked unit cell of a composite laminate subjected to multiaxial loads is proposed to predict the onset and accumulation of transverse matrix cracks in the 90n plies of uniformly stressed {±θ/90n}s laminates. The model predicts the effect of matrix cracks on the stiffness of the laminate, as well as the ultimate failure of the laminate, and it accounts for the effect of the ply thickness on the ply strength. Several examples describing the predictions of laminate response, from damage onset up to final failure under both uniaxial and multiaxial loads, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYTICAL biochemistry
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - MULTIAXIAL Diagnostic Inventory
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - CONCRETE -- Cracking
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - damage
KW  - failure criteria
KW  - fracture
KW  - multiaxial loading
KW  - transverse cracking
N1  - Accession Number: 50441948; Mayugo, J. A. 1; Email Address: ja.mayugo@udg.edu Camanho, P. P. 2 Maimí, P. 1 Dávila, C. G. 3; Affiliation:  1: AMADE, Escola Politècnica Superior, Universitat de Girona, Campus Montilivi, Spain.  2: DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA.; Source Info: May/Jun2010, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p237; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL biochemistry; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: MULTIAXIAL Diagnostic Inventory; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: CONCRETE -- Cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure criteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiaxial loading; Author-Supplied Keyword: transverse cracking; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15376490903056577
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CLEMETT, Simon J.
AU  - SANDFORD, Scott A.
AU  - NAKAMURA-MESSENGER, Keiko
AU  - HÖRZ, Friedrich
AU  - McKAY, David S.
T1  - Complex aromatic hydrocarbons in Stardust samples collected from comet 81P/Wild 2.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 45
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 701
EP  - 722
SN  - 10869379
AB  - -  The successful return of the Stardust spacecraft provides a unique opportunity to investigate the nature and distribution of organic matter in cometary dust particles collected from comet 81P/Wild 2. Analysis of individual cometary impact tracks in silica aerogel using the technique of two-step laser mass spectrometry demonstrates the presence of complex aromatic organic matter. While concerns remain as to the organic purity of the aerogel collection medium and the thermal effects associated with hypervelocity capture, the majority of the observed organic species appear indigenous to the impacting particles and are hence of cometary origin. While the aromatic fraction of the total organic matter present is believed to be small, it is notable in that it appears to be N rich. Spectral analysis in combination with instrumental detection sensitivies suggest that N is incorporated predominantly in the form of aromatic nitriles (R-C≡N). While organic species in the Stardust samples do share some similarities with those present in the matrices of carbonaceous chondrites, the closest match is found with stratospherically collected interplanetary dust particles. These findings are consistent with the notion that a fraction of interplanetary dust is of cometary origin. The presence of complex organic N containing species in comets has astrobiological implications as comets are likely to have contributed to the prebiotic chemical inventory of both the Earth and Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - SILICA
KW  - AEROGELS
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - AROMATICITY (Chemistry)
KW  - COMETS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
N1  - Accession Number: 65028333; CLEMETT, Simon J. 1; Email Address: simon.j.clemett@jsc.nasa.gov SANDFORD, Scott A. 2 NAKAMURA-MESSENGER, Keiko 3 HÖRZ, Friedrich 4 McKAY, David S. 4; Affiliation:  1: ERC, Inc., Houston, Texas 77058, USA  2: Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94305, USA  3: Jacobs, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 45 Issue 5, p701; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: AEROGELS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: AROMATICITY (Chemistry); Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01062.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - González-Sánchez, Alejandro
AU  - Teodoro, Luís F. A.
T1  - Drag-gravity torques on galaxies in clusters: radial small-scale alignment effects.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 404
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L11
EP  - L15
SN  - 17453925
AB  - We calculate the torque on galaxies in clusters due to gravity and to dynamical friction forces in order to study the possible origin of small-scale alignment effects as the result of interactions with their environment. The equation of motion for the position angle of a galaxy is derived by using a simple model. We find that weak radial alignment effects can be produced by this mechanism involving only the most massive galaxies. We also introduce a dependence on the cluster eccentricity to our equations in order to explore the alignment of galaxies with the cluster's major axis. We find that in the inner regions of high eccentricity clusters, alignments of massive galaxies with the cluster's major axis dominate over the radial ones. This mechanism could account for the observed alignment effects of the most massive galaxies with the major axis of their host cluster. Our results suggest that dynamical friction is a viable generator of alignment only for the most massive cluster galaxies. For the observed alignments of normal galaxies a primordial origin has to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NUCLEAR structure
KW  - galaxies: clusters: general
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - galaxies: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 49208184; González-Sánchez, Alejandro 1,2; Email Address: a.gonzales@physics.gla.ac.uk Teodoro, Luís F. A. 3,4; Email Address: luis@astro.gla.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Investigación, División Académica de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Tabasco, México  2: Unidad Académica de Física, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ  4: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 404 Issue 1, pL11; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: clusters: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: formation; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00824.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baecker, Natalie
AU  - Frings-Meuthen, Petra
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
AU  - Heer, Martina
T1  - Short-term high dietary calcium intake during bedrest has no effect on markers of bone turnover in healthy men
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 522
EP  - 527
SN  - 08999007
AB  - Abstract: Objective: Immobilization and space flight are causes of disuse osteoporosis. Increasing calcium intake may counteract this disuse-induced bone loss. Methods: We conducted two bedrest experiments (crossover design: bedrest versus ambulatory control) in a metabolic ward, studying the effect of 1000mg/d of calcium intake (study A, length of intervention 14 d) compared with that of a high calcium intake of 2000mg/d (study B, 6 d) on markers of bone turnover. Both studies were randomized, controlled studies with the subjects staying under well-controlled environmental conditions (study A, 9 male subjects, age 23.6±3.0 y; study B, 8 male subjects, age 25.5±2.9 y). Blood was drawn to analyze serum calcium, parathyroid hormone, procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide, and bone alkaline phosphatase. Urine (24-h) was collected for analysis of calcium, C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I, and N-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I. Results: In both studies, serum calcium levels remained unchanged. Procollagen type I C-terminal propeptide was lower (P =0.03) in the bedrest phase than in the ambulatory phase in study A and tended to be lower (P =0.08) in bedrest in study B, whereas bone alkaline phosphatase was not affected in either study. Urinary calcium excretion was greater during bedrest than during the ambulatory phase (study A, P =0.005; study B, P =0.002). C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I excretion was also greater during bedrest in both studies (study A, P <0.001; study B, P <0.001). Conclusion: Doubling calcium intake to 2000mg/d does not prevent increased bone resorption induced by bedrest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nutrition is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALCIUM in human nutrition
KW  - BED rest
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - OSTEOPOROSIS
KW  - BONE resorption
KW  - PARATHYROID hormone
KW  - RANDOMIZED controlled trials
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - Bedrest
KW  - Bone resorption
KW  - Calcium
KW  - Diet
KW  - Osteoporosis
KW  - Space flight
N1  - Accession Number: 50243595; Baecker, Natalie 1; Email Address: natalie.baecker@dlr.de Frings-Meuthen, Petra 1 Smith, Scott M. 2 Heer, Martina 1; Affiliation:  1: Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Hoehe, Cologne, Germany  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 26 Issue 5, p522; Subject Term: CALCIUM in human nutrition; Subject Term: BED rest; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: OSTEOPOROSIS; Subject Term: BONE resorption; Subject Term: PARATHYROID hormone; Subject Term: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bedrest; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone resorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calcium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osteoporosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space flight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nut.2009.06.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lim, D.S.S.
AU  - Warman, G.L.
AU  - Gernhardt, M.L.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Fong, T.
AU  - Marinova, M.M.
AU  - Davila, A.F.
AU  - Andersen, D.
AU  - Brady, A.L.
AU  - Cardman, Z.
AU  - Cowie, B.
AU  - Delaney, M.D.
AU  - Fairén, A.G.
AU  - Forrest, A.L.
AU  - Heaton, J.
AU  - Laval, B.E.
AU  - Arnold, R.
AU  - Nuytten, P.
AU  - Osinski, G.
AU  - Reay, M.
T1  - Scientific field training for human planetary exploration
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 58
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 920
EP  - 930
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Forthcoming human planetary exploration will require increased scientific return (both in real time and post-mission), longer surface stays, greater geographical coverage, longer and more frequent EVAs, and more operational complexities than during the Apollo missions. As such, there is a need to shift the nature of astronauts’ scientific capabilities to something akin to an experienced terrestrial field scientist. To achieve this aim, the authors present a case that astronaut training should include an Apollo-style curriculum based on traditional field school experiences, as well as full immersion in field science programs. Herein we propose four Learning Design Principles (LDPs) focused on optimizing astronaut learning in field science settings. The LDPs are as follows: [(1)] LDP#1: Provide multiple experiences: varied field science activities will hone astronauts’ abilities to adapt to novel scientific opportunities [(2)] LDP#2: Focus on the learner: fostering intrinsic motivation will orient astronauts towards continuous informal learning and a quest for mastery [(3)] LDP#3: Provide a relevant experience—the field site: field sites that share features with future planetary missions will increase the likelihood that astronauts will successfully transfer learning [(4)] LDP#4: Provide a social learning experience—the field science team and their activities: ensuring the field team includes members of varying levels of experience engaged in opportunities for discourse and joint problem solving will facilitate astronauts’ abilities to think and perform like a field scientist. The proposed training program focuses on the intellectual and technical aspects of field science, as well as the cognitive manner in which field scientists experience, observe and synthesize their environment. The goal of the latter is to help astronauts develop the thought patterns and mechanics of an effective field scientist, thereby providing a broader base of experience and expertise than could be achieved from field school alone. This will enhance their ability to execute, explore and adapt as in-field situations require. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Exploration
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - GEOGRAPHY
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - NONFORMAL education
KW  - Astronaut
KW  - Field science
KW  - Pavilion lake
KW  - Planetary exploration
KW  - Training
N1  - Accession Number: 49854100; Lim, D.S.S. 1,2; Email Address: darlene.lim@nasa.gov Warman, G.L. 3 Gernhardt, M.L. 4 McKay, C.P. 1 Fong, T. 1 Marinova, M.M. 5 Davila, A.F. 1,2 Andersen, D. 2 Brady, A.L. 6 Cardman, Z. 7 Cowie, B. 8 Delaney, M.D. 9 Fairén, A.G. 1,2 Forrest, A.L. 10 Heaton, J. 11 Laval, B.E. 10 Arnold, R. 4 Nuytten, P. 11 Osinski, G. 12 Reay, M. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, 94035 CA, USA  2: SETI Institute, 515N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, 94043 CA, USA  3: ExperiencePoint, 800 West El Camino Real, Ste 180, Mountain View, 94025 CA, USA  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA  5: Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, MC 150-12, Pasadena, CA, USA  6: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada  7: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Marine Sciences, 340 Chapman Hall, CB 3300, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3300, USA  8: Applied Geochemistry Group, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada  9: The Edge Diving Centre, 973 Marine Drive, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada  10: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada  11: Nuytco Research, 241A East 1st Street, North Vancouver, B.C., Canada  12: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 58 Issue 6, p920; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Exploration; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: GEOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: NONFORMAL education; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronaut; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pavilion lake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Training; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.02.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, C. O.
AU  - Luhmann, J. G.
AU  - de Pater, I.
AU  - Mason, G. M.
AU  - Haggerty, D.
AU  - Richardson, I. G.
AU  - Cane, H. V.
AU  - Jian, L. K.
AU  - Russell, C. T.
AU  - Desai, M. I.
T1  - Organization of Energetic Particles by the Solar Wind Structure During the Declining to Minimum Phase of Solar Cycle 23.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2010/05//
VL  - 263
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 239
EP  - 261
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
AB  - We investigate the organization of the low energy energetic particles (≤1 MeV) by solar wind structures, in particular corotating interaction regions (CIRs) and shocks driven by interplanetary coronal mass ejections, during the declining-to-minimum phase of Solar Cycle 23 from Carrington rotation 1999 to 2088 (January 2003 to October 2009). Because CIR-associated particles are very prominent during the solar minimum, the unusually long solar minimum period of this current cycle provides an opportunity to examine the overall organization of CIR energetic particles for a much longer period than during any other minimum since the dawn of the Space Age. We find that the particle enhancements associated with CIRs this minimum period recurred for many solar rotations, up to 30 at times, due to several high-speed solar wind streams that persisted. However, very few significant CIR-related energetic particle enhancements were observed towards the end of our study period, reflecting the overall weak high-speed streams that occurred at this time. We also contrast the solar minimum observations with the declining phase when a number of solar energetic particle events occurred, producing a mixed particle population. In addition, we compare the observations from this minimum period with those from the previous solar cycle. One of the main differences we find is the shorter recurrence rate of the high-speed solar wind streams (∼10 solar rotations) and the related CIR energetic particle enhancements for the Solar Cycle 22 minimum period. Overall our study provides insight into the coexistence of different populations of energetic particles, as well as an overview of the large-scale organization of the energetic particle populations approaching the beginning of Solar Cycle 24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - SOLAR corona
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - Energetic particles
KW  - Magnetic fields: interplanetary
KW  - Solar activity cycle
KW  - Solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 50035061; Lee, C. O. 1,2; Email Address: clee@ssl.berkeley.edu Luhmann, J. G. 1 de Pater, I. 2 Mason, G. M. 3 Haggerty, D. 3 Richardson, I. G. 4,5 Cane, H. V. 4,6 Jian, L. K. 7 Russell, C. T. 7 Desai, M. I. 8,9; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.  3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA.  4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA.  5: CRESST and Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.  6: School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.  7: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.  8: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA.  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA.; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 263 Issue 1/2, p239; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: SOLAR corona; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energetic particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic fields: interplanetary; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar activity cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-010-9556-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Design strategies to minimize the radiative efficiency of global warming molecules.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/05/18/
VL  - 107
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 9049
EP  - 9054
SN  - 00278424
AB  - A strategy is devised to screen molecules based on their radiative efficiency. The methodology should be useful as one additional constraint when determining the best molecule to use for an industrial application. The strategy is based on the results of a recent study where we examined molecular properties of global warming molecules using ab initio electronic structure methods to determine which fundamental molecular properties are important in assessing the radiative efficiency of a molecule. Six classes of perfluorinated compounds are investigated. For similar numbers of fluorine atoms, their absorption of radiation in the IR window decreases according to perfluoroethers > perfluorothioethers ≈ sulfur/carbon compounds > perfluorocarbons > perfluoroolefins > carbon/nitrogen compounds. Perfluoroethers and hydrofluorethers are shown to possess a large absorption in the IR window due to (i) the C-O bonds are very polar, (ii) the C-O stretches fall within the IR window and have large IR intensity due to their polarity, and (iii) the IR intensity for C-F stretches in which the fluorine atom is bonded to the carbon that is bonded to the oxygen atom is enhanced due to a larger C-F bond polarity. Lengthening the carbon chain leads to a larger overall absorption in the IR window, though the IR intensity per bond is smaller. Finally, for a class of partially fluorinated compounds with a set number of electronegative atoms, the overall absorption in the IR window can vary significantly, as much as a factor of 2, depending on how the fluorine atoms are distributed within the molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - HEART cells
KW  - NECROSIS
KW  - APOPTOSIS
KW  - climate change
KW  - fluorocarbons
KW  - infrared absorption
KW  - quantum chemistry calculations
KW  - vibrational frequency
N1  - Accession Number: 51110852; Bera, Partha P. 1 Francisco, Joseph S. 2; Email Address: francisc@purdue.edu Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  2: Department of Chemistry and Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-1393; Source Info: 5/18/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 20, p9049; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: HEART cells; Subject Term: NECROSIS; Subject Term: APOPTOSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: fluorocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantum chemistry calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibrational frequency; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0913590107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mascarenhas, Brendan S.
AU  - Helenbrook, Brian T.
AU  - Atkins, Harold L.
T1  - Coupling p-multigrid to geometric multigrid for discontinuous Galerkin formulations of the convection–diffusion equation
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2010/05/20/
VL  - 229
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3664
EP  - 3674
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: An improved p-multigrid algorithm for discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretizations of convection–diffusion problems is presented. The general p-multigrid algorithm for DG discretizations involves a restriction from the to discontinuous polynomial solution spaces. This restriction is problematic and has limited the efficiency of the p-multigrid method. For purely diffusive problems, Helenbrook and Atkins have demonstrated rapid convergence using a method that restricts from a discontinuous to continuous polynomial solution space at . It is shown that this method is not directly applicable to the convection–diffusion (CD) equation because it results in a central-difference discretization for the convective term. To remedy this, ideas from the streamwise upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) formulation are used to devise a transition from the discontinuous to continuous space at that yields an upwind discretization. The results show that the new method converges rapidly for all Peclet numbers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - REACTION-diffusion equations
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - Convection–diffusion equation
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin
KW  - Geometric multigrid
KW  - p-Multigrid
N1  - Accession Number: 48614413; Mascarenhas, Brendan S. 1; Email Address: bmascarenhas@optiwind.com Helenbrook, Brian T. 2; Email Address: helenbrk@clarkson.edu Atkins, Harold L. 3; Email Address: harold.l.atkins@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Optiwind LLC, 59 Fields St., Torrington, CT 06790, USA  2: Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699-5725, USA  3: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 128, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: May2010, Vol. 229 Issue 10, p3664; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: REACTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection–diffusion equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometric multigrid; Author-Supplied Keyword: p-Multigrid; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.01.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=48614413&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Long Cao
AU  - Bala, Govindasamy
AU  - Caldeira, Ken
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Ban-Weiss, George
T1  - Importance of carbon dioxide physiological forcing to future climate change.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/05/25/
VL  - 107
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 9513
EP  - 9518
SN  - 00278424
AB  - An increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration influences climate both directly through its radiative effect (i.e., trapping longwave radiation) and indirectly through its physiological effect (i.e.. reducing transpiration of land plants). Here we compare the climate response to radiative and physiological effects of increased CO2 using the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) coupled Community Land and Community Atmosphere Modet. In response to a doubling of CO2. the radiative effect of CO2 causes mean surface air temperature over land to increase by 2.86 ± 0.02 K (±1 standard error), whereas the physiological effects of CO2 on land plants alone causes air temperature over land to increase by 0.42 ± 0.02 K. Combined, these two effects cause a land surface warming of 3.33 ± 0.03 K. The radiative effect of doubling CO2 increases global runoff by 5.2 ± 0.6%, primarily by increasing precipitation over the continents. The physiological effect increases runoff by 8.4 ± 0.6%, primarily by diminishing evapotranspiration from the continents. Combined, these two effects cause a 14.9 ± 0.7% increase in runoff. Relative humidity remains roughly constant in response to CO2-radiative forcing, whereas relative humidity over land decreases in response to CO2-physiological forcing as a result of reduced plant transpiration. Our study points to an emerging consensus that the physiological effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on land plants will increase global warming beyond that caused by the radiative effects of CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - PLANT-atmosphere relationships
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - evapotranspiration
KW  - global warming
KW  - hydrological cycle
KW  - plant stomata
KW  - runoff
KW  - NATIONAL Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 51604478; Long Cao 1; Email Address: Iongcao@stanford.edu. Bala, Govindasamy 2,3 Caldeira, Ken 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna 4 Ban-Weiss, George 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305  2: Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India  3: Divecha Center for Climate Change, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore-560012, India  4: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS242-4 Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 5/25/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 21, p9513; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: PLANT-atmosphere relationships; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: evapotranspiration; Author-Supplied Keyword: global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrological cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant stomata; Author-Supplied Keyword: runoff; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.0913000107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fletcher, Alan
AU  - Gupta, Mool C.
AU  - Dudley, Kenneth L.
AU  - Vedeler, Erik
T1  - Elastomer foam nanocomposites for electromagnetic dissipation and shielding applications
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 953
EP  - 958
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: A novel elastomer foamed nanocomposite has been developed with high electromagnetic dissipation and shielding properties. This light weight foamed fluorocarbon incorporates multi-walled carbon nanotubes at low loading concentrations to achieve levels of conductivity and energy shielding that surpass the requirements for electromagnetic static discharge (ESD) and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. Foaming the elastomer reduces that weight by 30% with minimal impact on ESD or EMI characteristics. The percolation threshold is at about 2% carbon nanotubes and the saturation conductivity occurs at 8% carbon nanotubes by weight. Combining the good electrical properties with the flexibility and fluid resistance of fluorocarbon yields a very versatile yet light weight material for a variety of ESD and EMI applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - FLUOROCARBONS
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - LIGHTWEIGHT construction
KW  - FOAM
KW  - A. Carbon nanotubes
KW  - A. Nano composites
KW  - B. Electrical properties
KW  - Polymers
N1  - Accession Number: 49111268; Fletcher, Alan 1 Gupta, Mool C. 2; Email Address: mg9re@m.mail.virginia.edu Dudley, Kenneth L. 3 Vedeler, Erik 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States  3: Electromagnetics Research Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 70 Issue 6, p953; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC shielding; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: FLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: LIGHTWEIGHT construction; Subject Term: FOAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Nano composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Electrical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.02.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49111268&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mijajlovic, Milan
AU  - Biggs, Mark J.
AU  - Djurdjevic, Dusan P.
T1  - On Potential Energy Models for EA-based Ab Initio Protein Structure Prediction.
JO  - Evolutionary Computation
JF  - Evolutionary Computation
Y1  - 2010///Summer2010
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 275
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10636560
AB  - Ab initio protein structure prediction involves determination of the three-dimensional (3D) conformation of proteins on the basis of their amino acid sequence, a potential energy (PE) model that captures the physics of the interatomic interactions, and a method to search for and identify the global minimum in the PE (or free energy) surface such as an evolutionary algorithm (EA). Many PE models have been proposed over the past three decades and more. There is currently no understanding of how the behavior of an EA is affected by the PE model used. The study reported here shows that the EA behavior can be profoundly affected: the EA performance obtained when using the ECEPP PE model is significantly worse than that obtained when using the Amber, OPLS, and CVFF PE models, and the optimal EA control parameter values for the ECEPP model also differ significantly fromthose associated with the othermodels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Evolutionary Computation is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - AMINO acid sequence
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - biomaterials
KW  - biomedical engineering
KW  - bionanotechnology
KW  - EAadaptivity
KW  - nanotechnology
KW  - surface binding proteins
N1  - Accession Number: 49226480; Mijajlovic, Milan 1 Biggs, Mark J. 2; Email Address: mark.biggs@adelaide.edu.au Djurdjevic, Dusan P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia  3: P&G Technical Centres Ltd., Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Source Info: Summer2010, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p255; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: AMINO acid sequence; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomaterials; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomedical engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: bionanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: EAadaptivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotechnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface binding proteins; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kahre, Melinda A.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
T1  - Mars CO2 cycle: Effects of airborne dust and polar cap ice emissivity
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 207
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 648
EP  - 653
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Mars General Circulation Model (GCM) simulations are presented to illustrate the importance of the ice emissivity of the seasonal CO2 polar caps in regulating the effects of airborne dust on the martian CO2 cycle. Simulated results show that atmospheric dust suppresses CO2 condensation when the CO2 ice emissivity is high but enhances it when the CO2 ice emissivity is low. This raises the possibility that the reason for the repeatable nature of the CO2 cycle in the presence of a highly variable dust cycle is that the CO2 ice emissivity is “neutral” – the value that leads to no change in CO2 condensation with changing atmospheric dust. For this GCM, the “neutral” emissivity is approximately 0.55, which is low compared to observed cap emissivities. This inconsistency poses a problem for this hypothesis. However, it is clear that the CO2 ice emissivity is a critical physical parameter in determining how atmospheric dust affects the CO2 cycle on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - ICE
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - GENERAL circulation model
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Polar caps
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 50395284; Kahre, Melinda A. 1,2; Email Address: melinda.a.kahre@nasa.gov Haberle, Robert M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 207 Issue 2, p648; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: GENERAL circulation model; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Polar caps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.12.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roach, Leah H.
AU  - Mustard, John F.
AU  - Lane, Melissa D.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
T1  - Diagenetic haematite and sulfate assemblages in Valles Marineris
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 207
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 659
EP  - 674
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Previous orbital mapping of crystalline gray haematite, ferric oxides, and sulfates has shown an association of this mineralogy with light-toned, layered deposits on the floor of Valles Marineris, in chaos terrains in the canyon’s outflow channels, and in Meridiani Planum. The exact nature of the relationship between ferric oxides and sulfates within Valles Marineris is uncertain. The Observatoire pour la Mineralogie, l’Eau, les Glaces et l’Activite (OMEGA) spectrometer initially identified sulfate and ferric oxides in the layered deposits of Valles Marineris. The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) has also mapped coarse (gray) haematite in or at the base of these deposits. We use Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) spectra and Context Camera (CTX) and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) imagery from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) to explore the mineralogy and morphology of the large layered deposit in central Capri Chasma, part of the Valles Marineris canyon system that has large, clear exposures of sulfate and haematite. We find kieserite (MgSO4·H2O) and ferric oxide (often crystalline red haematite) in the lower bedrock exposures and a polyhydrated sulfate without ferric oxides in the upper bedrock. This stratigraphy is duplicated in many other basinal chasmata, suggesting a common genesis. We propose the haematite and monohydrated sulfate formed by diagenetic alteration of a sulfate-rich sedimentary deposit, where the upper polyhydrated sulfate-rich, haematite-poor layers either were not buried sufficiently to convert to a monohydrated sulfate or were part of a later depositional phase. Based on the similarities between the Valles Marineris assemblages and the sulfate and haematite-rich deposits of Meridiani Planum, we hypothesize a common evaporite and diagenetic formation process for the Meridiani Planum sediments and the sulfate-bearing basinal Interior Layered Deposits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEMATITE
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - FERRIC oxide
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - Mars, Surface
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 50395286; Roach, Leah H. 1; Email Address: leah_roach@brown.edu Mustard, John F. 1 Lane, Melissa D. 2 Bishop, Janice L. 3 Murchie, Scott L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Dept. Geological Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook St., Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  3: The SETI Institute & NASA-Ames Research Center, Carl Sagan Center, 515 N. Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 207 Issue 2, p659; Subject Term: HEMATITE; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: FERRIC oxide; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marion, G.M.
AU  - Catling, D.C.
AU  - Zahnle, K.J.
AU  - Claire, M.W.
T1  - Modeling aqueous perchlorate chemistries with applications to Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 207
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 675
EP  - 685
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: NASA’s Phoenix lander identified perchlorate and carbonate salts on Mars. Perchlorates are rare on Earth, and carbonates have largely been ignored on Mars following the discovery by NASA’s Mars Exploration Rovers of acidic precipitated minerals such as jarosite. In light of the Phoenix results, we updated the aqueous thermodynamic model FREZCHEM to include perchlorate chemistry. FREZCHEM models the Na–K–Mg–Ca–Fe(II)–Fe(III)–Al–H–Cl–Br–SO4–NO3–OH–HCO3–CO3–CO2–O2–CH4–Si–H2O system, with 95 solid phases. We added six perchlorate salts: NaClO4·H2O, NaClO4·2H2O, KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2·6H2O, Mg(ClO4)2·8H2O, and Ca(ClO4)2·6H2O. Modeled eutectic temperatures for Na, Mg, and Ca perchlorates ranged from 199K (−74°C) to 239K (−34°C) in agreement with experimental data. We applied FREZCHEM to the average solution chemistry measured by the Wet Chemistry Laboratory (WCL) experiment at the Phoenix site when soil was added to water. FREZCHEM was used to estimate and alkalinity concentrations that were missing from the WCL data. The amount of is low compared to estimates from elemental abundance made by other studies on Mars. In the charge-balanced solution, the dominant cations were Mg2+ and Na+ and the dominant anions were , and alkalinity. The abundance of calcite measured at the Phoenix site has been used to infer that the soil may have been subject to liquid water in the past, albeit not necessarily locally; so we used FREZCHEM to evaporate (at 280.65K) and freeze (from 280.65 to 213.15K) the WCL-measured solution to provide insight into salts that may have been in the soil. Salts that precipitated under both evaporation and freezing were calcite, hydromagnesite, gypsum, KClO4, and Mg(ClO4)2·8H2O. Epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O) and NaClO4·H2O were favored by evaporation at temperatures >0°C, while meridianite (MgSO4·11H2O), MgCl2·12H2O, and NaClO4·2H2O were favored at subzero temperatures. Incongruent melting of such highly hydrated salts could be responsible for vug formation elsewhere on Mars. All K+ precipitated as insoluble KClO4 during both evaporation and freezing simulations, accounting for 15.8% of the total perchlorates. During evaporation, 35.8% of perchlorates precipitated with Na+ and 48.4% with Mg2+. During freezing, 58.4% precipitated with Na+ and 24.8% with Mg2+. Given its low eutectic temperature, the existence of Mg(ClO4)2 in either case allows for the possibility of liquid brines on Mars today. FREZCHEM also showed that Ca(ClO4)2 would likely not have precipitated at the Phoenix landing site due to the strong competing sinks for Ca as calcite and gypsum. Overall, these results help constrain the salt mineralogy of the soil. Differences between evaporites and cryogenites suggest ways to discriminate between evaporation and freezing during salt formation. Future efforts, such as sample return or in situ X-ray diffraction, may make such a determination possible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERCHLORATES
KW  - PERCHLORIC acid
KW  - CARBONATES
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Cosmochemistry
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars, Surface
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 50395287; Marion, G.M. 1; Email Address: giles.marion@dri.edu Catling, D.C. 2 Zahnle, K.J. 3 Claire, M.W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA  2: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 207 Issue 2, p675; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES; Subject Term: PERCHLORIC acid; Subject Term: CARBONATES; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.12.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50395287&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vernazza, P.
AU  - Carry, B.
AU  - Emery, J.
AU  - Hora, J.L.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Jackson, J.
AU  - Helbert, J.
AU  - Maturilli, A.
T1  - Mid-infrared spectral variability for compositionally similar asteroids: Implications for asteroid particle size distributions
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 207
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 800
EP  - 809
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We report an unexpected variability among mid-infrared spectra (IRTF and Spitzer data) of eight S-type asteroids for which all other remote sensing interpretations (e.g. VNIR spectroscopy, albedo) yield similar compositions. Compositional fitting making use of their mid-IR spectra only yields surprising alternative conclusions: (1) these objects are not “compositionally similar” as the inferred abundances of their main surface minerals (olivine and pyroxene) differ from one another by 35% and (2) carbonaceous chondrite and ordinary chondrite meteorites provide an equally good match to each asteroid spectrum. Following the laboratory work of Ramsey and Christensen (Ramsey, M.S., Christensen, P.R. [1998]. J. Geophys. Res. 103, 577–596), we interpret this variability to be physically caused by differences in surface particle size and/or the effect of space weathering processes. Our results suggest that the observed asteroids must be covered with very fine (<5μm) dust that masks some major and most minor spectral features. We speculate that the compositional analysis may be improved with a spectral library containing a wide variety of well characterized spectra (e.g., olivine, orthopyroxene, feldspar, iron, etc.) obtained from very fine powders. In addition to the grain size effect, space weathering processes may contribute as well to the reduction of the spectral contrast. This can be directly tested via new laboratory irradiation experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - Asteroids, Surfaces
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 50395296; Vernazza, P. 1; Email Address: pierre.vernazza@esa.int Carry, B. 2,3 Emery, J. 4 Hora, J.L. 5 Cruikshank, D. 6 Binzel, R.P. 7 Jackson, J. 8 Helbert, J. 9 Maturilli, A. 9; Affiliation:  1: Research and Scientific Support Department, European Space Agency, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands  2: Laboratoire d’Etudes Spatiales et d’Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, Meudon F-92195, France  3: European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago de Chile, Chile  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  8: Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  9: Institute for Planetary Research, DLR, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 207 Issue 2, p800; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids, Surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50395296&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hasenkopf, Christa A.
AU  - Beaver, Melinda R.
AU  - Trainer, Melissa G.
AU  - Langley Dewitt, H.
AU  - Freedman, Miriam A.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Tolbert, Margaret A.
T1  - Optical properties of Titan and early Earth haze laboratory analogs in the mid-visible
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 207
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 903
EP  - 913
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Scattering and absorption of sunlight by aerosols are integral to understanding the radiative balance of any planetary atmosphere covered in a haze, such as Titan and possibly the early Earth. One key optical parameter of an aerosol is its refractive index. We have simulated both Titan and early Earth organic haze aerosols in the laboratory and measured the real and imaginary portion of their refractive index at λ =532nm using cavity ringdown aerosol extinction spectroscopy. This novel technique allows analysis on freely-floating particles minutes after formation. For our Titan analog particles, we find a real refractive index of n =1.35±0.01 and an imaginary refractive index k =0.023±0.007, and for the early Earth analog particles we find n =1.81±0.02 and k =0.055±0.020. The Titan analog refractive index has a smaller real and similar imaginary refractive index compared to most previous laboratory measurements of Titan analog films, including values from Khare et al. (Khare, B.N., Sagan, C., Arakawa, E.T., Suits, F., Callcott, T.A., Williams, M.W. [1984]. Icarus 60, 127–137). These newly measured Titan analog values have implications for spacecraft retrievals of aerosol properties on Titan. The early Earth analog has a significantly higher real and imaginary refractive index than Titan analogs reported in the literature. These differences suggest that, for a given amount of aerosol, the early Earth analog would act as a stronger anti-greenhouse agent than the Titan analog. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - SUNSHINE
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - HAZE
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 50395302; Hasenkopf, Christa A. 1,2; Email Address: Christa.Hasenkopf@colorado.edu Beaver, Melinda R. 2,3 Trainer, Melissa G. 4 Langley Dewitt, H. 2,3 Freedman, Miriam A. 2 Toon, Owen B. 1,5 McKay, Christopher P. 6 Tolbert, Margaret A. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States  6: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94503, United States; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 207 Issue 2, p903; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: SUNSHINE; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2009.12.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skuza, J. R.
AU  - Clavero, C.
AU  - Yang, K.
AU  - Wincheski, B.
AU  - Lukaszew, R. A.
T1  - Microstructural, Magnetic Anisotropy, and Magnetic Domain Structure Correlations in Epitaxial FePd Thin Films With Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Magnetics
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1886
EP  - 1889
SN  - 00189464
AB  - L10 order was optimized in FePd epitaxial thin films prepared using dc magnetron sputter deposition on MgO(001) substrates by investigating various growth temperatures. A series of films was grown at the optimal temperature with varying thickness and degree of chemical order to investigate the interplay between the microstructure, magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic domain structure. The experimentally measured magnetic domain size/period and magnetic anisotropy in this high perpendicular anisotropy system were found to be correlated following the analytical energy model proposed by Kooy and Enz that considers a delicate balance between the domain wall energy and the demagnetizing stray field energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Magnetics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DOMAIN structure
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - MAGNETICS
KW  - MAGNETIC recorders & recording
KW  - THIN films
KW  - MAGNETIC bubbles
KW  - Magnetic domains
KW  - perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA)
KW  - perpendicular magnetic recording
KW  - thin films
N1  - Accession Number: 51117725; Skuza, J. R. 1; Email Address: jrskuza@wm.edu Clavero, C. 2 Yang, K. 2 Wincheski, B. 3 Lukaszew, R. A. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 USA  2: Department of Applied Science, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795 USA  3: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199 USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1886; Subject Term: DOMAIN structure; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: MAGNETICS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC recorders & recording; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bubbles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic domains; Author-Supplied Keyword: perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA); Author-Supplied Keyword: perpendicular magnetic recording; Author-Supplied Keyword: thin films; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMAG.2009.2039923
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51117725&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Dan
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
T1  - Analytic Confusion Matrix Bounds for Fault Detection and Isolation Using a Sum-of-Squared-Residuals Approach.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 296
SN  - 00189529
AB  - Given a system which can fail in 1 of different ways, a fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithm uses sensor data to determine which fault is the most likely to have occurred. The effectiveness of an FDI algorithm can be quantified by a confusion matrix, also called a diagnosis probability matrix, which indicates the probability that each fault is isolated given that each fault has occurred. Confusion matrices are often generated with simulation data, particularly for complex systems. In this paper, we perform FDI using sum-of-squared residuals (SSRs). We assume that the sensor residuals are s-independent and Gaussian, which gives the SSRs chi-squared distributions. We then generate analytic lower, and upper bounds on the confusion matrix elements. This approach allows for the generation of optimal sensor sets without numerical simulations. The confusion matrix bounds are verified with simulated aircraft engine data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - TURBOJET plane engines
KW  - CHI-square distribution
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - CHI-squared test
KW  - Aircraft turbofan engine
KW  - chi-squared distribution
KW  - confusion matrix
KW  - diagnosis probability matrix
KW  - fault detection and isolation
N1  - Accession Number: 51308444; Simon, Dan 1,2; Email Address: d.j.simon@csuohio.edu Simon, Donald L. 3; Email Address: donald.l.simon@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Senior Member, IEEE  2: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p287; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: TURBOJET plane engines; Subject Term: CHI-square distribution; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: CHI-squared test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft turbofan engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: chi-squared distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: confusion matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: diagnosis probability matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault detection and isolation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2010.2046772
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GIANNAKOPOULOU, DIMITRA
AU  - PASĂREĂNU, CORINA S.
T1  - Editorial: Automated compositional verification.
JO  - IET Software
JF  - IET Software
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 179
EP  - 180
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 17518806
AB  - The article discusses various reports published within the issue, including one on compositional verification, and another on environment generation in terms of component verification for Java programs.
KW  - JAVA (Computer program language)
KW  - COMPUTER software
N1  - Accession Number: 51414190; GIANNAKOPOULOU, DIMITRA 1 PASĂREĂNU, CORINA S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Robust Software Engineering group, NASA Ames Research Center  2: Senior researcher, NASA Ames Research Center, in the Robust Software Engineering Group; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p179; Subject Term: JAVA (Computer program language); Subject Term: COMPUTER software; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/iet-sen.2010.9053
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51414190&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponomarev, Artem L.
AU  - Huff1,2, Janice
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
T1  - The analysis of the densely populated patterns of radiation-induced foci by a stochastic, Monte Carlo model of DNA double-strand breaks induction by heavy ions.
JO  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
JF  - International Journal of Radiation Biology
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 86
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 507
EP  - 515
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 09553002
AB  - Purpose: To resolve the difficulty in counting merged DNA damage foci in high-LET (linear energy transfer) ion-induced patterns. Materials and methods: The analysis of patterns of RIF (radiation-induced foci) produced by high-LET Fe and Ti ions were conducted by using a Monte Carlo model that combines the heavy ion track structure with characteristics of the human genome on the level of chromosomes. The foci patterns were also simulated in the maximum projection plane for flat nuclei. Results: The model predicts the spatial and genomic distributions of DNA DSB (double-strand breaks) in a cell nucleus for a particular dose of radiation. We used the model to do analyses for three irradiation scenarios: (i) The ions were oriented perpendicular to the flattened nuclei in a cell culture monolayer; (ii) the ions were parallel to that plane; and (iii) round nucleus. In the parallel scenario we found that the foci appeared to be merged due to their high density, while, in the perpendicular scenario, the foci appeared as one bright spot per hit. The statistics and spatial distribution of regions of densely arranged foci, termed DNA foci chains, were predicted numerically using this model. Another analysis was done to evaluate the number of ion hits per nucleus, which were visible from streaks of closely located foci. Conclusions: We showed that DSB clustering needs to be taken into account to determine the true DNA damage foci yield, which helps to determine the DSB yield. Using the model analysis, a researcher can refine the DSB yield per nucleus per particle. We showed that purely geometric artifacts, present in the experimental images, can be analytically resolved with the model, and that the quantisation of track hits and DSB yields can be provided to the experimentalists who use enumeration of radiation-induced foci in immunofluorescence experiment using proteins that detect DNA damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Radiation Biology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DNA
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - CELL nuclei
KW  - DNA damage foci
KW  - DSB
KW  - image segmentation
KW  - Monte Carlo method
KW  - NASARadiationTrackImage model
KW  - radiation of human cells
N1  - Accession Number: 50520614; Ponomarev, Artem L. 1,2; Email Address: artem.l.ponomarev@nasa.gov Huff1,2, Janice Cucinotta, Francis A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Houston, USA.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA.; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 86 Issue 6, p507; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: CELL nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA damage foci; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSB; Author-Supplied Keyword: image segmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo method; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASARadiationTrackImage model; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation of human cells; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3109/09553001003717175
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50520614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Komatsu, Hikaru
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Kume, Tomonori
AU  - Tanaka, Nobuaki
AU  - Yoshifuji, Natsuko
AU  - Otsuki, Kyoichi
AU  - Suzuki, Masakazu
AU  - Kumagai, Tomo'omi
T1  - Modeling Seasonal Changes in the Temperature Lapse Rate in a Northern Thailand Mountainous Area.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1233
EP  - 1246
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Temperature data in the mountain forest regions are often extrapolated from temperature data recorded at base stations at lower elevation. Such extrapolation is often based on elevation differences between target regions and base stations at low elevation assuming a constant temperature lapse rate throughout the year. However, this assumption might be problematic where slope circulation is active and decoupled from the regional circulation. To model the seasonal change in the lapse rate, the authors compared daily maximum ( Tmax) and minimum temperatures ( Tmin) observed at a mountain forest site (Kog–Ma; 1300-m altitude) with those observed at the bottom of the basin (Chiang–Mai; 314-m altitude) in northern Thailand, where slope circulation is active and decoupled from the regional circulation. The difference in Tmax between Kog–Ma and Chiang–Mai (Δ Tmax; Kog–Ma minus Chiang–Mai) was relatively unchanged throughout the year. However, the difference in Tmin between Kog–Ma and Chiang–Mai (Δ Tmin) changed seasonally. Thus, assuming a constant lapse rate throughout the year could cause large errors in extrapolating Tmin data in mountainous areas in northern Thailand. The difference Δ Tmin was related to nighttime net radiation (Rn), suggesting that nocturnal drainage flow affects the determination of Δ Tmin. This relationship would be useful in formulating seasonal changes in the lapse rate for Tmin. As Rn data are generally unavailable for meteorological stations, an index that relates to the lapse rate for Tmin and is calculated from Tmax and Tmin data is proposed. This index might be useful for accurately estimating Tmin values in mountainous regions in northern Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE lapse rate
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL stations
KW  - TRANSPIRATION of plants
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - THAILAND
KW  - Mountain meteorology
KW  - Seasonal cycle
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 52680689; Komatsu, Hikaru 1; Email Address: komatsu@forest.kyushu-u.ac.jp Hashimoto, Hirofumi 2,3 Kume, Tomonori 4 Tanaka, Nobuaki 5 Yoshifuji, Natsuko 1 Otsuki, Kyoichi 1 Suzuki, Masakazu 6 Kumagai, Tomo'omi 1; Affiliation:  1: Kasuya Research Forest, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan  2: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, California  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  4: School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan  5: University Forests in Aichi, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan  6: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1233; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE lapse rate; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL stations; Subject Term: TRANSPIRATION of plants; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: THAILAND; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mountain meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasonal cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JAMC2297.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Priestley, Kory J.
AU  - Thomas, Susan
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
T1  - Validation of Point Spread Functions of CERES Radiometers by the Use of Lunar Observations.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 27
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1011
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) scanning radiometers have been operating to make raster scans of the moon on a quarterly basis to validate the point response function for the three channels of flight models 1–4 aboard the Terra and Aqua spacecraft. Instrument pointing accuracy was verified by this method to 0.2° for the total channel of FM-3. The point response functions were computed from the lunar observations and were found to be nominal with the exception of the FM-2 window channel, which was found to have a region of high sensitivity. This anomaly is attributed to a delamination of the detector flake from the heat sink in that region. The influence of this anomaly is accounted for by the in-flight calibration and has no adverse effect on the application of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SOLAR radio emission
KW  - HEAT sinks (Electronics)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - Radiances
KW  - Satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 52009866; Priestley, Kory J. 1 Thomas, Susan 2 Smith, G. Louis 3; Email Address: g.louis.smith@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Systems Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  3: National Institute for Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 27 Issue 6, p1005; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SOLAR radio emission; Subject Term: HEAT sinks (Electronics); Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JTECHA1322.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52009866&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holdeman, J. D.
AU  - Clisset, J. R.
AU  - Moder, J. P.
T1  - Spreadsheet Calculations for Jets in Crossflow From Single and Opposed Rows With Alternating Hole Sizes.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 132
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 0645021
EP  - 0645027
SN  - 07424795
AB  - The primary purpose of this study was to show the expected results for cases of single and opposed rows of jets from alternating large and small round holes. Previous publications demonstrated that the NASA empirical model gave results that were an excellent representation of mean experimental scalar results and that the model could confidently be used to investigate configurations for which results have not been published in the open literature. Calculations for cases of opposed rows of jets that would overpenetrate slightly in an inline configuration showed that better mixing was attained when one row was shifted to make a staggered configuration so that a small hole was opposite from a larger one. However the result was no better than for an optimum inline configuration with all the holes of the same size. Staggering the rows does not make much difference in an optimum inline configuration. For all cases investigated, the dimensionless variance of the mixture fraction decreased significantly with increasing downstream distance, but, at a given downstream location, the variation between cases was small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HEMI engine
KW  - ROWING machines
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - SCALAR field theory
KW  - INNER product spaces
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 51208533; Holdeman, J. D. 1; Email Address: jjdholdeman@aol.com Clisset, J. R. 2 Moder, J. P. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611  3: Aerospace Engineer Combustion Branch, Propulsion Systems Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 132 Issue 6, p0645021; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HEMI engine; Subject Term: ROWING machines; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SCALAR field theory; Subject Term: INNER product spaces; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4000129
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51208533&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
T1  - Multispectrum analysis of 12CH4 in the ν4 spectral region: II. Self-broadened half widths, pressure-induced shifts, temperature dependences and line mixing
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 111
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1152
EP  - 1166
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Accurate values for line positions, absolute line intensities, self-broadened half width and self-pressure-induced shift coefficients have been measured for over 400 allowed and forbidden transitions in the ν4 band of methane (12CH4). Temperature dependences of half width and pressure-induced shift coefficients were also determined for many of these transitions. The spectra used in this study were recorded at temperatures between 210 and 314K using the National Solar Observatory''s 1m Fourier transform spectrometer at the McMath-Pierce solar telescope. The complete data set included 60 high-resolution (0.006–0.01cm−1) absorption spectra of pure methane and methane mixed with dry air. The analysis was performed using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares curve fitting technique where a number of spectra (20 or more) were fit simultaneously in spectral intervals 5–15cm−1 wide. In addition to the line broadening and shift parameters, line mixing coefficients (using the off-diagonal relaxation matrix element formalism) were determined for more than 50 A-, E-, and F-species transition pairs in J manifolds of the P- and R-branches. The measured self-broadened half width and self-shift coefficients, their temperature dependences and the line mixing parameters are compared to self-broadening results available in the literature and to air-broadened parameters determined for these transitions from the same set of spectra. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - METHANE
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - SOLAR telescopes
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - Line broadening
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Methane
KW  - Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements
KW  - Pressure-induced shifts
KW  - Temperature dependence
KW  - Widths
N1  - Accession Number: 49112067; Smith, M.A.H. 1; Email Address: Mary.Ann.H.Smith@NASA.gov Chris Benner, D. 2 Predoi-Cross, A. 3 Malathy Devi, V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, T1K 3M4 Canada; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 111 Issue 9, p1152; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: SOLAR telescopes; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-induced shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Widths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.01.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49112067&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
AU  - Blake, T.A.
T1  - Multispectrum analysis of the ν 9 band of 12C2H6: Positions, intensities, self- and N2-broadened half-width coefficients
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 111
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1234
EP  - 1251
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Line positions, intensities, Lorentz self- and N2-broadened half-width coefficients have been measured for PQ3, PQ2, PQ1, RQ0, RQ1, RQ2, and RQ3 sub-band transitions in the ν 9 fundamental band of 12C2H6. A multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique was used to fit up to 17 high-resolution (∼0.00156cm−1), room temperature absorption spectra of pure (99.99% chemical purity) natural sample of ethane and lean mixtures of the high-purity ethane diluted with N2. A Bruker IFS 120HR Fourier transform spectrometer located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), in Richland, Washington was used to record the data. A standard Voigt line shape was assumed to fit all the data since no line mixing or other non Voigt line shapes were required to fit any of the spectra used in the analysis. Short spectral intervals (∼2–2.5cm−1) of all 17 spectra covering a specific PQ or RQ sub-band were fit simultaneously. For the first time in an ethane band, pressure-broadened half-width coefficients were determined for the torsional-split components. However, for better reliability of the retrieved coefficients for the weaker components (transitions with large intensity ratios of 4:1 or 3:1 for most K levels between the strong and weak components), constraints were used such that the half-width coefficients of both torsional-split components for a given J were identical for a specific broadening gas. No pressure-induced shift coefficients were necessary to fit the spectra to their noise level. The present study revealed for the first time the dependence of self- and N2-broadened half-width coefficients upon the J, K quantum numbers of the transitions in ethane. A number of transitions belonging to the ν 9+ν 4−ν 4 and the ν 9+2ν 4−2ν 4 hot bands were also observed in the fitted regions and measurements were made when possible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - HYDROGEN isotopes
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - 33.20.Ea
N1  - Accession Number: 49112074; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: malathyv@hotmail.com Rinsland, C.P. 2 Chris Benner, D. 1 Sams, R.L. 3 Blake, T.A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 111 Issue 9, p1234; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: HYDROGEN isotopes; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: 33.20.Ea; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2009.10.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOU, T. H.
AU  - BOSTON, K. G.
AU  - BAUGHMAN, J. M.
AU  - WALKER, S.
AU  - JOHNSTON, W. M.
T1  - Composite-to-composite Bonding using Scotch-Weld AF-555M Structural Adhesive.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 29
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1702
EP  - 1711
AB  - Processing and properties of composite-to-composite bonding using Scotch-Weld™ AF-555M structural adhesive were investigated. Bonding surfaces of T800H/3900-2 composite were prepared by co-curing the dry and wet peel-plies. Surface topologies of the peel-plies and the co-cured composite surfaces were examined by microscopy, contour mapping using a coordinate measuring machine equipped with a ruby sphere probe, and contact angle goniometry. Curing of the adhesive was conducted in an autoclave or vacuum press at 177°C (350°F) for 2 h under 310 KPa (45 psi). Common bagging practices for composite fabrication in an autoclave were followed. It was found that a prolonged vacuum application (i.e., overnight) prior to the application of temperature and pressure was a critical element to produce porosity-free, high-quality bonds with this adhesive system. Following this procedure, a strong bond line was consistently produced, which routinely provided a single-lap shear strength more than 10% higher than the nominal value of the adhesive (i.e., 35.9MPa or 5200 psi) when tested at room temperature. An adhesive failure mode at the interface was noted on the fractured surfaces of specimens with strong bonds whereas a premature cohesive failure mode was more evident for the specimens with weaker bonds, probably due to porosities in the bond lines. Photomicrographs showed that the weak single-lap shear strengths occurred on specimens with significant porosity in the bond line, apparently caused by entrapped air from insufficient vacuum application prior to curing. The results of this study are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MECHANICAL heat treatment
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - AF-555M adhesive
KW  - composite-to-composite adhesive bonding
KW  - single-lap shear strength
KW  - T800H/3900-2 composite
N1  - Accession Number: 51197356; HOU, T. H. 1; Email Address: tan-hung.hou-1@nasa.gov BOSTON, K. G. 1 BAUGHMAN, J. M. 2 WALKER, S. 2 JOHNSTON, W. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Engineering & Services Co., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 29 Issue 11, p1702; Subject Term: ADHESIVES; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MECHANICAL heat treatment; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: POROSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: AF-555M adhesive; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite-to-composite adhesive bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-lap shear strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: T800H/3900-2 composite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325520 Adhesive Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684409341679
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sehirlioglu, Alp
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Dynys, Fred
T1  - Doping of BiScO3–PbTiO3 Ceramics for Enhanced Properties.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 93
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1718
EP  - 1724
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Compositional modification of ferroelectric BiScO3–PbTiO3 (BS–PT) ceramics was investigated by ZrSc• doping as a function of temperature and electric field. Zr doping decreased the Curie temperature; yet depoling temperature was higher as determined from the weak field measurements. Weight change measurements explain the difference in sintering behavior, emphasizing the effects of sacrificial powder on the defect structure. Possible mechanisms are discussed in collaboration with the crystal structure analysis. Pb′Bi replacement was shown as a possible charge balance mechanism. Pb′Bi is supported by the weight loss data, crystal structure analysis and the weak-field electrical and electromechanical measurements. However, high field measurements contradicted the postulated Pb′Bi mechanism. Unipolar and bipolar high field polarization, strain and dielectric constant measurements indicated that the donor doping creates A-site vacancies; a similar observation to Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT)-based ceramics. At higher temperatures, the property dependence on the composition decreased suggesting that thermally assisted domain motion eliminated the dependence of the domain wall mobility on the extrinsic contributions (i.e., defect structure induced by doping). Effect of ZrSc• doping on electrical and electromechanical properties are reported and discussed as a function of temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - SINTERING
KW  - CHEMICAL engineering
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ISOSTATIC pressing
KW  - CURIE temperature
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - LEAD
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - SILICON
KW  - IONS
N1  - Accession Number: 51126471; Sehirlioglu, Alp 1; Email Address: alp.sehirlioglu@case.edu Sayir, Ali 2 Dynys, Fred 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.  2: NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 93 Issue 6, p1718; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: SINTERING; Subject Term: CHEMICAL engineering; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ISOSTATIC pressing; Subject Term: CURIE temperature; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: LEAD; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: IONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03648.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51126471&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HUNG, Ching-Cheh
AU  - McNATT, Jeremiah
T1  - Synthesis and stability of iron nanoparticles for lunar environment studies.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 965
EP  - 972
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - Simulants of lunar dust are needed when researching the lunar environment. However, unlike the true lunar dust, today's simulants do not contain nanophase iron. Two different processes have been developed to fabricate nanophase iron to be used as part of a lunar dust simulant. (1) The first is to sequentially treat a mixture of ferric chloride, fluorinated carbon, and soda lime glass beads at about 300 °C in nitrogen, at room temperature in air, and then at 1050 °C in nitrogen. The product includes glass beads that are gray in color, can be attracted by a magnet, and contains α-iron nanoparticles (which seem to slowly lose their lattice structure in ambient air during a period of 12 months). This product may have some similarity to the lunar glassy agglutinate, which contains FeO. (2) The second is to heat a mixture of carbon black and a lunar simulant (a mixed metal oxide that includes iron oxide) at 1050 °C in nitrogen. This process simulates lunar dust reactions with the carbon in a micrometeorite at the time of impact. The product contains a chemically modified simulant that can be attracted by a magnet and has a surface layer whose iron concentration increased during the reaction. The iron was found to be α-iron and Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which appear to grow after the fabrication process. This growth became undetectable after 6 months of ambient air storage, but may last for several years or longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - GLASS beads
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - CEMENTATION (Petrology)
KW  - METEORITES
N1  - Accession Number: 65028346; HUNG, Ching-Cheh; Email Address: ching-cheh.hung-1@nasa.gov McNATT, Jeremiah 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 309-2, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p965; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: GLASS beads; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: CEMENTATION (Petrology); Subject Term: METEORITES; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01075.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHABAN, Galina M.
AU  - PIZZARELLO, Sandra
T1  - Ab initio calculations of 6- and 7-carbon meteoritic amino acids and their diastereomers.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1053
EP  - 1060
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - To better explain the unusual distribution and relative abundances of several 6- and 7-carbon amino acids found in meteorites, their thermodynamic properties were studied using accurate ab initio techniques. In addition to optimized structures and relative energies, vibrational frequency and thermochemical analysis of different diastereomers were performed at temperatures relevant to conditions of synthesis of these amino acids in meteorites. The results of calculations were compared with the measured content of the amino acids in the Murchison meteorite. The distribution of several longer chain amino acids in meteorites seems to point to at least some thermodynamic control in their formation. For diastereomeric compounds, on the other hand, the comparison suggests that their synthetic conditions, or those of their precursors, were far from thermodynamic equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - DIASTEREOISOMERS
KW  - STEREOISOMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 65028349; CHABAN, Galina M. 1; Email Address: galina.m.chaban@nasa.gov PIZZARELLO, Sandra 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, California 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1604, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1053; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DIASTEREOISOMERS; Subject Term: STEREOISOMERS; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01083.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghoshal, Anindya
AU  - Prosser, William H.
AU  - Kim, Heung Soo
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Copeland, Ben
T1  - Development of embedded piezoelectric acoustic sensor array architecture
JO  - Microelectronics Reliability
JF  - Microelectronics Reliability
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 857
EP  - 863
SN  - 00262714
AB  - Abstract: This paper examines development of novel piezoelectric acoustic sensors, which are capable of sensing high frequency acoustic emissions in a composite/metallic plate. The fabrication of the piezoelectric acoustic sensors, made from piezoceramic ribbons, is described in the paper. An attempt was made to build directionality into the sensing system itself. Continuous sensors placed at right angles on a plate are discussed as a new approach to measure and locate the source of the acoustic waves. Novel signal processing algorithms based on bio-inspired neural systems for spatial filtering of large numbers of embedded sensor arrays in laminated composite media are presented. It is expected that the present work would help in the development of microelectronic sensing aiding diagnostics and prognostics techniques for highly efficient health monitoring of integrated aerospace vehicles and structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Microelectronics Reliability is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 50708852; Ghoshal, Anindya 1; Email Address: anindo_ghoshal@yahoo.com Prosser, William H. 2 Kim, Heung Soo 3 Chattopadhyay, Aditi 4 Copeland, Ben 5; Affiliation:  1: United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, MS 129-73, East Hartford, CT 06108, USA  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681, USA  3: Department of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, 26 Pil-dong 3-Ga Jung-Gu, Seoul 100715, South Korea  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  5: Materials Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p857; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.microrel.2010.01.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Furlanetto, Steven R.
AU  - Stoever, Samuel Johnson
T1  - Secondary ionization and heating by fast electrons.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 404
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1869
EP  - 1878
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We examine the fate of fast electrons (with energies ) in a thermal gas of primordial composition. To follow their interactions with the background gas, we construct a Monte Carlo model that includes: (1) electron–electron scattering (which transforms the electron kinetic energy into heat), (2) collisional ionization of hydrogen and helium (which produces secondary electrons that themselves scatter through the medium) and (3) collisional excitation (which produces secondary photons, whose fates we also follow approximately). For the last process, we explicitly include all transitions to upper levels , together with a well-motivated extrapolation to higher levels. In all cases, we use recent calculated cross-sections at and the Bethe approximation to extrapolate to higher energies. We compute the fractions of energy deposited as heat, ionization (tracking H i and the helium species separately) and excitation (tracking H i Lyα separately) under a broad range of conditions appropriate to the intergalactic medium. The energy deposition fractions depend on both the background ionized fraction and the electron energy but are nearly independent of the background density. We find good agreement with some, but not all, previous calculations at high energies. Electronic tables of our results are available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - CATHODE rays
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - RADIOACTIVITY
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - atomic processes
KW  - diffuse radiation
KW  - intergalactic medium
N1  - Accession Number: 50785197; Furlanetto, Steven R. 1,2; Email Address: sfurlane@astro.ucla.edu Stoever, Samuel Johnson 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA.  3: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 610 Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 404 Issue 4, p1869; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CATHODE rays; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVITY; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: atomic processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffuse radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: intergalactic medium; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16401.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raulin, François
AU  - Hand, Kevin
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Viso, Michel
T1  - Exobiology and Planetary Protection of icy moons.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2010/06//
VL  - 153
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 511
EP  - 535
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The outer solar system is an important area of investigation for exobiology, the study of life in the universe. Several moons of the outer planets involve processes and structures comparable to those thought to have played an important role in the emergence of life on Earth, such as the formation and exchange of organic materials between different reservoirs. The study of these prebiotic processes on, and in, outer solar system moons is a key goal for exobiology, together with the question of habitability and the search for evidence of past or even present life. This chapter reviews the aspects of prebiotic chemistry and potential presence of life on Europa, Enceladus and Titan, based on the most recent data obtained from space missions as well as theoretical and experimental laboratory models. The habitability of these extraterrestrial environments, which are likely to include large reservoirs of liquid water in their internal structure, is discussed as well as the particular case of Titan's hydrocarbon lakes. The question of planetary protection, especially in the case of Europa, is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - PREBIOTICS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Enceladus liquid water reservoir
KW  - Europa's ocean
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Extraterrestrial life
KW  - Habitability
KW  - Planetary protection
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 54080134; Raulin, François 1; Email Address: Francois.Raulin@lisa.univ-paris12.fr Hand, Kevin 2; Email Address: khand@jpl.nasa.gov McKay, Christopher 3; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov Viso, Michel 4; Email Address: michel.viso@cnes.fr; Affiliation:  1: LISA CNRS & University Paris 7 and Paris 12, Créteil France  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-3 Moffett Field USA  4: CNES/DSP/EU, Paris France; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 153 Issue 1-4, p511; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: PREBIOTICS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enceladus liquid water reservoir; Author-Supplied Keyword: Europa's ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-009-9610-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Yoshida, Yasuko
AU  - Olson, Jennifer R.
AU  - Sillman, Sanford
AU  - Martin, Randall V.
AU  - Lamsal, Lok
AU  - Hu, Yongtao
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Retscher, Christian
AU  - Allen, Dale J.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
T1  - Application of OMI observations to a space-based indicator of NOx and VOC controls on surface ozone formation
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/06/11/
VL  - 44
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2213
EP  - 2223
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: We investigated variations in the relative sensitivity of surface ozone formation in summer to precursor species concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) as inferred from the ratio of the tropospheric columns of formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide (the “Ratio”) from the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). Our modeling study suggests that ozone formation decreases with reductions in VOCs at Ratios <1 and NOx at Ratios >2; both NOx and VOC reductions may decrease ozone formation for Ratios between 1 and 2. Using this criteria, the OMI data indicate that ozone formation became: 1. more sensitive to NOx over most of the United States from 2005 to 2007 because of the substantial decrease in NOx emissions, primarily from stationary sources, and the concomitant decrease in the tropospheric column of NO2, and 2. more sensitive to NOx with increasing temperature, in part because emissions of highly reactive, biogenic isoprene increase with temperature, thus increasing the total VOC reactivity. In cities with relatively low isoprene emissions (e.g., Chicago), the data clearly indicate that ozone formation became more sensitive to NOx from 2005 to 2007. In cities with relatively high isoprene emissions (e.g., Atlanta), we found that the increase in the Ratio due to decreasing NOx emissions was not obvious as this signal was convolved with variations in the Ratio associated with the temperature dependence of isoprene emissions and, consequently, the formaldehyde concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - OZONE -- Physiological effect
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL indicators
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - NITROGEN oxides
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Mathematical models
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - Air quality indicator
KW  - HCHO
KW  - NO2
KW  - OMI
KW  - Surface ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 50421140; Duncan, Bryan N. 1; Email Address: Bryan.N.Duncan@nasa.gov Yoshida, Yasuko 1,2 Olson, Jennifer R. 3 Sillman, Sanford 4 Martin, Randall V. 5,6 Lamsal, Lok 5 Hu, Yongtao 7 Pickering, Kenneth E. 1 Retscher, Christian 1,2 Allen, Dale J. 8 Crawford, James H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA  3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA  5: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada  6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA  7: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  8: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 44 Issue 18, p2213; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: OZONE -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL indicators; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality indicator; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCHO; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: OMI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface ozone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Creilson, John K.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Ainsworth, Elizabeth A.
AU  - Vining, G. Geoffrey
AU  - Szarka, John
AU  - Booker, Fitzgerald L.
AU  - Xu, Xiaojing
T1  - An investigation of widespread ozone damage to the soybean crop in the upper Midwest determined from ground-based and satellite measurements
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/06/11/
VL  - 44
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2248
EP  - 2256
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Elevated concentrations of ground-level ozone (O3) are frequently measured over farmland regions in many parts of the world. While numerous experimental studies show that O3 can significantly decrease crop productivity, independent verifications of yield losses at current ambient O3 concentrations in rural locations are sparse. In this study, soybean crop yield data during a 5-year period over the Midwest of the United States were combined with ground and satellite O3 measurements to provide evidence that yield losses on the order of 10% could be estimated through the use of a multiple linear regression model. Yield loss trends based on both conventional ground-based instrumentation and satellite-derived tropospheric O3 measurements were statistically significant and were consistent with results obtained from open-top chamber experiments and an open-air experimental facility (SoyFACE, Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment) in central Illinois. Our analysis suggests that such losses are a relatively new phenomenon due to the increase in background tropospheric O3 levels over recent decades. Extrapolation of these findings supports previous studies that estimate the global economic loss to the farming community of more than $10 billion annually. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - SOYBEAN
KW  - SCIENTIFIC satellites
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - ILLINOIS
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Crop damage
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Soybean
KW  - Yield
N1  - Accession Number: 50421144; Fishman, Jack 1; Email Address: jack.fishman@nasa.gov Creilson, John K. 1,2 Parker, Peter A. 3 Ainsworth, Elizabeth A. 4 Vining, G. Geoffrey 5 Szarka, John 5 Booker, Fitzgerald L. 6 Xu, Xiaojing 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Dept. of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA  3: Systems Engineering Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: USDA-ARS Photosynthesis Research Unit and Dep. of Plant Biology, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA  5: Department of Statistics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ., Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA  6: USDA-ARS Plant Science Research Unit and Dept. of Crop Science, North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 44 Issue 18, p2248; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: SOYBEAN; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC satellites; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: UNITED States; Subject Term: ILLINOIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soybean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yield; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111110 Soybean Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.01.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bonaccorsi, Rosalba
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Chen, Bin
T1  - Biomass and habitability potential of clay minerals- and iron-rich environments: Testing novel analogs for Mars Science Laboratory landing sites candidates.
JO  - Philosophical Magazine
JF  - Philosophical Magazine
Y1  - 2010/06/14/
VL  - 90
IS  - 17/18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2309
EP  - 2327
SN  - 14786435
AB  - The landing site of the next mission to Mars (the US 2011 Mars Science Laboratory) will include phyllosilicate outcrops as targets for investigating the geological and biological history of the planet. In this context, we present a preliminary study assessing the living biomass and habitability potential in mineralogical Mars analogs by means of multi-component investigations (X-ray diffraction, microRaman spectroscopy and SEM\EDX). Phyllosilicate and hematite-rich deposits from the Atacama Desert (Chile), Death Valley (CA), and the California Coast, encompassing a broad arid to hyper-arid climate range (annual rainfall <0.2 to ∼700 mm/year), were analyzed for total and viable Gram-negative biomass, i.e. adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assays. Basic observations were: (1) there is no systematic pattern in biomass content of clay-rich versus non-clay (oxidized) materials; (2) Atacama desiccation polygons (6.0 × 104 cells/g) and contiguous hematite-rich deposits contain the lowest biomass (1.2 × 105 cells/g), which is even lower than that of coarse-grained soil nearby (3.3-5.0 × 105 cells/g); (3) the Atacama clay-rich samples (illite-muscovite and kaolinite) are three orders of magnitude lower than surface clay (montmorillonite, illite, and chlorite) from Death Valley; and (4) finally, and unexpectedly, the Gram-negative content (∼6.4 × 107 cells/g) of clay mineral-rich materials from the arid Death Valley region is up to six times higher than that (∼1.5 to ∼3.0 × 107 cells/g) of water-saturated massive clays (kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite) from the California Coast (wetter end-member). MicroRaman spectroscopy investigation on a Death Valley sample indicates that gypsum (1008, 618, and 414 cm-1 Raman shift), and inferred associated organic (scytonemin) biosignatures (1281 cm-1) for the measured Gram-negatives (cyanobacteria) were successfully captured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLAY minerals
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - HEMATITE
KW  - GRAM-negative bacteria
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Gram-negative biomass
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory
KW  - organic biosignatures
KW  - phyllosilicates
KW  - phyllosilicates; Mars Science Laboratory; Gram-negative biomass; organic biosignatures
N1  - Accession Number: 51096173; Bonaccorsi, Rosalba 1,2,3; Email Address: rosalba.bonaccorsi-1@nasa.gov McKay, Christopher P. 1 Chen, Bin 1,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 90 Issue 17/18, p2309; Subject Term: CLAY minerals; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: HEMATITE; Subject Term: GRAM-negative bacteria; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gram-negative biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: organic biosignatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: phyllosilicates; Author-Supplied Keyword: phyllosilicates; Mars Science Laboratory; Gram-negative biomass; organic biosignatures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14786435.2010.486374
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brady, A.L.
AU  - Slater, G.F.
AU  - Omelon, C.R.
AU  - Southam, G.
AU  - Druschel, G.
AU  - Andersen, D.T.
AU  - Hawes, I.
AU  - Laval, B.
AU  - Lim, D.S.S.
T1  - Photosynthetic isotope biosignatures in laminated micro-stromatolitic and non-laminated nodules associated with modern, freshwater microbialites in Pavilion Lake, B.C.
JO  - Chemical Geology
JF  - Chemical Geology
Y1  - 2010/06/15/
VL  - 274
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 67
SN  - 00092541
AB  - Abstract: The influence of microbial activity on carbonate precipitation was investigated within micro-stromatolitic nodules associated with modern, freshwater microbialites located in Pavilion Lake, B.C. Observed carbonate δ 13C values enriched by up to +3.6‰ as compared to predicted abiotic carbonate δ 13C values from measured dissolved inorganic carbon (mean −1.2‰, n =13) were consistent with microbial photosynthetic influence on in situ precipitation within the nodule microenvironment. Estimated carbonate precipitation temperatures within the nodules based on δ 18O were consistent with recorded summertime temperatures, indicative of precipitation during the period of highest levels of photosynthetic activity. Low δ 13C values of organic matter within the nodules (−30.6 to −21.1‰) and an average inorganic to organic carbon Δδ 13C value of 26.8‰ reflected the preferential uptake of 12C during non-CO2 limited photosynthesis, supporting the generation of 13C-enriched DIC. Microelectrode profiles through the nodules showed oxygen supersaturation of up to ∼275%, elevated pH compared to ambient water and a lack of any observable dissolved sulphide, Mn or Fe further indicated that photosynthetic activity was the predominant metabolic process within the nodule during light exposure. Microbial phospholipid fatty acid profiles of the nodule communities were indicative of bacteria rather than eukaryotes and PLFA δ 13C values were depleted relative to the bulk cell by 2.6–6.6‰, consistent with a predominance of photosynthetic microbes. Scanning electron microscopy images of the relationship between carbonate minerals and filaments indicated that carbonate precipitation had occurred in situ due to microbial influences on the geochemistry within the nodule microenvironment rather than due to cell surface effects or trapping and binding. The observation of photosynthetically induced 13C-enrichment of in situ precipitated carbonate within the nodule microenvironment is thus a biosignature of the activity of these surface communities and is consistent with the hypothesized role of biology in the formation of microbialites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Geology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - LAKES
KW  - CARBONATE rocks
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - BRITISH Columbia
KW  - Biosignature
KW  - Carbon isotope
KW  - Microbialite
KW  - Photosynthesis
N1  - Accession Number: 51151013; Brady, A.L. 1 Slater, G.F. 2; Email Address: gslater@mcmaster.ca Omelon, C.R. 3 Southam, G. 3 Druschel, G. 4 Andersen, D.T. 5 Hawes, I. 6 Laval, B. 7 Lim, D.S.S. 5,8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4  2: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1  3: Department of Earth Sciences, Biology and Geological Sciences Building, The University of Western Ontario 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7  4: Department of Geology, Delehanty Hall, University of Vermont, Trinity Campus, 180 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405-1758, United States  5: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  6: Aquatic Research Solutions Ltd., Cambridge, New Zealand  7: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Civil and Mechanical Engineering Building, 2002-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, B.C. Canada V6T 1Z4  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 274 Issue 1/2, p56; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: CARBONATE rocks; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: BRITISH Columbia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosignature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon isotope; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbialite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photosynthesis; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.03.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wuyin Lin
AU  - Minghua Zhang
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
T1  - Reply to Comments on “Seasonal Variation of the Physical Properties of Marine Boundary Layer Clouds off the California Coast”.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2010/06/15/
VL  - 23
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3421
EP  - 3423
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - A response by Wuyin Lin, Minghua Zhang, and Norman G. Loeb to a letter to the editor about the comments on the article "Seasonal variation of the physical properties of marine boundary layer clouds off the California coast" that was published in the issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Marine boundary layer
KW  - North America
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Seasonal variability
N1  - Accession Number: 52175199; Wuyin Lin 1; Email Address: wlin@bnl.gov Minghua Zhang 1 Loeb, Norman G. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 23 Issue 12, p3421; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: North America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasonal variability; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3483.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOU, T. H.
AU  - BOSTON, K. G.
AU  - BAUGHMAN, J. M.
AU  - WALKER, S.
AU  - JOHNSTON, W. M.
T1  - Composite-to-composite Bonding using Scotch-Weld AF-555M Structural Adhesive.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2010/06/15/
VL  - 29
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1702
EP  - 1711
AB  - Processing and properties of composite-to-composite bonding using Scotch-Weld™ AF-555M structural adhesive were investigated. Bonding surfaces of T800H/3900-2 composite were prepared by co-curing the dry and wet peel-plies. Surface topologies of the peel-plies and the co-cured composite surfaces were examined by microscopy, contour mapping using a coordinate measuring machine equipped with a ruby sphere probe, and contact angle goniometry. Curing of the adhesive was conducted in an autoclave or vacuum press at 177°C (350°F) for 2 h under 310 KPa (45 psi). Common bagging practices for composite fabrication in an autoclave were followed. It was found that a prolonged vacuum application (i.e., overnight) prior to the application of temperature and pressure was a critical element to produce porosity-free, high-quality bonds with this adhesive system. Following this procedure, a strong bond line was consistently produced, which routinely provided a single-lap shear strength more than 10% higher than the nominal value of the adhesive (i.e., 35.9MPa or 5200 psi) when tested at room temperature. An adhesive failure mode at the interface was noted on the fractured surfaces of specimens with strong bonds whereas a premature cohesive failure mode was more evident for the specimens with weaker bonds, probably due to porosities in the bond lines. Photomicrographs showed that the weak single-lap shear strengths occurred on specimens with significant porosity in the bond line, apparently caused by entrapped air from insufficient vacuum application prior to curing. The results of this study are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - AF-555M adhesive
KW  - composite-to-composite adhesive bonding
KW  - single-lap shear strength
KW  - T800H/3900-2 composite
N1  - Accession Number: 51344258; HOU, T. H. 1; Email Address: tan-hung.hou-1@nasa.gov BOSTON, K. G. 1 BAUGHMAN, J. M. 2 WALKER, S. 2 JOHNSTON, W. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Engineering & Services Co., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 29 Issue 12, p1702; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: ADHESIVES; Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: AF-555M adhesive; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite-to-composite adhesive bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-lap shear strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: T800H/3900-2 composite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325520 Adhesive Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0731684409341679
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jan  ZÌabka
AU  - Claire L.  Ricketts
AU  - Detlef  SchroÌder
AU  - Jana  RoithovaÌ
AU  - Helmut  Schwarz
AU  - Roland  Thissen
AU  - Odile  Dutuit
AU  - Stephen D.  Price
AU  - Zdenek  Herman
T1  - Crossed-Beam Scattering Studies of Electron-Transfer Processes between the Dication CO22橷 Neutral CO2: Electronic States of Reactants and Products Involved.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2010/06/17/
VL  - 114
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 6463
EP  - 6471
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Crossed-beam scattering experiments were carried out at collision energies of 4.51 and 2.71 eV to elucidate the electronic states involved in the nondissociative and dissociative electron-transfer reactions observed following CO22ﰣ뙲襥諈ꢞ. Specifically, we focus on the observation that, in the dissociative electron-transfer reaction, forming CO, the majority of the COꚺᶹ ions are formed via electron capture by the CO22궫慺 than via ejection of an electron from the neutral CO2reaction partner. The main channels resulting in nondissociative electron transfer are reactions of the ground (X3Î£gâ) and excited states of CO22 give different combinations of the ground and excited states of the product pair of CO2誉 in which the combination AA appears to be significant. The CO誉 appear mainly to arise from slow dissociation of CO2(b4Î u) formed following electron capture by the ground state of the dication reactant (X3Î£gâ), with possible contributions from electron capture by higher triplet excited states of the dication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHARGE exchange
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - ELECTRON capture
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - FORCE & energy
N1  - Accession Number: 51410324; Jan  ZÌabka 1 Claire L.  Ricketts 1 Detlef  SchroÌder 1 Jana  RoithovaÌ 1 Helmut  Schwarz 1 Roland  Thissen 1 Odile  Dutuit 1 Stephen D.  Price 1 Zdenek  Herman 1; Affiliation:  1: V. CÌermaÌk Laboratory, J. HeyrovskyÌ Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, DolejsÌkova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo naÌm. 2, 166â10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, 12083 Prague 2, Czech Republic, Institut fuÌr Chemie der Technischen UniversitaÌt Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany, Laboratoire de PlaneÌtologie de Grenoble, CNRS UMR 5109, UJF, 38041 St. Martin dâHeÌres, France, and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gor; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 114 Issue 23, p6463; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ELECTRON capture; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Öz, Hayrani
AU  - Ramsey, John K.
T1  - Time modes and nonlinear systems
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2010/06/21/
VL  - 329
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2565
EP  - 2602
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: A vector-space implementation of the equation that has been known as Hamilton''s Law of Varying Action is used with a non-virtual perspective to generate direct solutions to nonlinear initial value response problems in the time domain. This novel vector-space perspective unleashes the power of linear algebra to provide new capabilities with Hamilton''s Law of Varying Action and new insights into nonlinear dynamics. In particular, this perspective permits the use of unconstrained temporal-basis-functions without the need to augment Hamilton''s Law of Varying Action with Lagrange multipliers, and provides a linearly independent set of spatiotemporal functions spanning the solution space of the response. These spatiotemporal functions are descriptively denoted as fundamental-time-modes. By providing this basis of fundamental-time-modes, the concepts of linear algebra can be taken advantage of to accomplish model reduction and superposition for nonlinear systems. In particular, classical model reduction techniques are used to eliminate non-dominant fundamental-time-modes from the solution process, resulting in model reduction in the time domain. In addition, using the novel concept of eigen-direction iteration, linearly independent fundamental-time-mode response trajectories along eigen-directions are superposed to yield new response trajectories for nonlinear systems. These capabilities of the vector-space approach are demonstrated for nonlinear systems exhibiting nonlinear normal mode response. The article concludes with an Appendix A entitled “The Law of Evolutionary Energy, Hamilton''s Law of Varying Action and the Principle of Virtual Work”, providing essential insight to the non-virtual working equation of the authors’ previous articles and the current article, referred to as Hamilton''s Law of Varying Action, to distinguish it from virtual concepts and virtual variational principles of classical dynamics. It is shown that this particular equation referred to as Hamilton''s Law of Varying Action is a special case of the Law of Evolutionary Energy which inherently encompasses the First Law of Thermodynamics involving quantifiable real changes (alterations) along the real dynamic path, the application of which to mechanical systems yields both the current non-virtual working form of Hamilton''s Law of Varying Action and the original form of the only enunciated (non-virtual) “law of varying action” by Hamilton which are not the same expressions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - TIME measurements
KW  - VECTOR-space models (Information retrieval)
KW  - TIME-domain analysis
KW  - LAGRANGE equations
KW  - LINEAR algebras
KW  - TEMPORAL automata
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - VARIATIONAL principles
N1  - Accession Number: 48380826; Öz, Hayrani 1; Email Address: oz.1@osu.edu Ramsey, John K. 2; Email Address: john.k.ramsey@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, Department of Aerospace Engineering, 328 Bolz Hall, 2036 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1276, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 86-10, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 329 Issue 13, p2565; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: TIME measurements; Subject Term: VECTOR-space models (Information retrieval); Subject Term: TIME-domain analysis; Subject Term: LAGRANGE equations; Subject Term: LINEAR algebras; Subject Term: TEMPORAL automata; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: VARIATIONAL principles; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.12.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Teodoro, Luís
AU  - Johnston, Russell
AU  - Hendry, Martin
T1  - Completeness – II. A signal-to-noise ratio approach for completeness estimators applied to galaxy magnitude–redshift surveys.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/06/21/
VL  - 405
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1187
EP  - 1194
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - This is the second paper in our completeness series, which addresses some of the issues raised in the previous article by Johnston, Teodoro & Hendry, in which we developed statistical tests for assessing the completeness in apparent magnitude of magnitude–redshift surveys defined by two flux limits. The statistics, Tc and Tv, associated with these tests are non-parametric and defined in terms of the observed cumulative distribution function of sources; they represent powerful tools for identifying the true flux limit and/or characterizing systematic errors in magnitude–redshift data. In this paper, we present a new approach to constructing these estimators that resembles an ‘adaptive smoothing’ procedure – i.e. by seeking to maintain the same amount of the information, as measured by the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), allocated to each galaxy. For consistency with our previous work, we apply our improved estimators to the Millennium Galaxy Catalogue and the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey data, and demonstrate that one needs to use an S/N appropriately tailored for each individual catalogue to optimize the performance of the completeness estimators. Furthermore, unless such an adaptive procedure is employed, the assessment of completeness may result in a spurious outcome if one uses other estimators present in the literature which have not been designed taking into account ‘shot-noise’ due to sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED shift
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - astronomical data bases: miscellaneous
KW  - galaxies: statistics
KW  - large-scale structure of Universe
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - methods: statistical
N1  - Accession Number: 51374691; Teodoro, Luís 1,2; Email Address: luis@astro.gla.ac.uk Johnston, Russell 2,3; Email Address: rjohnston@uwc.ac.za Hendry, Martin 2; Email Address: martin@astro.gla.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corp., Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS: 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, USA.  3: Department of Physics, University of Western Cape, Belville, Cape Town, South Africa.; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 405 Issue 2, p1187; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: astronomical data bases: miscellaneous; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale structure of Universe; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16580.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrews, Joy C.
AU  - Pianetta, Piero
AU  - Meirer, Florian
AU  - Jie Chen
AU  - Almeida, Eduardo
AU  - van der Meulen, Marjolein C. H.
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Lee, Cathy
AU  - Jia Zhu
AU  - Yi Cui
T1  - Hard X-ray Full Field Nano-imaging of Bone and Nanowires at SSRL.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/06/24/
VL  - 1234
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 82
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A hard X-ray full field microscope from Xradia Inc. has been installed at SSRL on a 54-pole wiggler end station at beam line 6-2. It has been optimized to operate from 5–14 keV with resolution as high as 30 nm. High quality images are achieved using a vertical beam stabilizer and condenser scanner with high efficiency zone plates with 30 nm outermost zone width. The microscope has been used in Zernike phase contrast, available at 5.4 keV and 8 keV, as well as absorption contrast to image a variety of biological, environmental and materials samples. Calibration of the X-ray attenuation with crystalline apatite enabled quantification of bone density of plate-like and rod-like regions of mouse bone trabecula. 3D tomography of individual lacuna revealed the surrounding cell canaliculi and processes. 3D tomography of chiral branched PbSe nanowires showed orthogonal branches around a central nanowire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - OPTICAL instruments
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - MEDICAL radiography
KW  - bone
KW  - nanowires
KW  - trabecula
KW  - X-ray Microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 51975370; Andrews, Joy C. 1; Email Address: jandrews@slac.stanford.edu Pianetta, Piero 1 Meirer, Florian 2 Jie Chen 3 Almeida, Eduardo 4 van der Meulen, Marjolein C. H. 5 Alwood, Joshua S. 6 Lee, Cathy 7 Jia Zhu 8 Yi Cui 8; Affiliation:  1: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laborator, 2575 Sand Hill Rd, Menlo Park CA 94025 USA.  2: Atomic Institute of the Austrian Universities, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria.  3: National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035.  5: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca NY 14853.  6: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305.  7: Department of Biological Science, San Jose State University, San Jose CA 95192.  8: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.; Source Info: 6/24/2010, Vol. 1234 Issue 1, p79; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: MEDICAL radiography; Author-Supplied Keyword: bone; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanowires; Author-Supplied Keyword: trabecula; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray Microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3463334
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, T.
T1  - Histogram equalisation by Gaussian particle diffusion.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2010/06/24/
VL  - 46
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 911
EP  - 913
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 00135194
AB  - Greyscale histogram equalisation is formulated by particle diffusion, which is extendable to any dimension. A histogram is approximated by a Gaussian mixture and its potential energy function is defined by its disparity from the uniform distribution. As a mechanical analogy, the equivalent dynamic system, corresponding to this potential, can be derived as a second-order ordinary differential equation. Adding viscosity terms to the dynamic system, we can acquire the stability which is validated by experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - DIMENSIONS
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - VISCOSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 51599965; Kim, T. 1; Email Address: taemin.kim@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Intelligent Robotics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: 6/24/2010, Vol. 46 Issue 13, p911; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: DIMENSIONS; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2010.0332
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Palczer, A.
T1  - Corrigendum to “Thermal expansion of vacuum plasma sprayed coatings” [Mater. Sci. Eng. A 527 (2010) 2129–2135]
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2010/06/25/
VL  - 527
IS  - 16/17
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 4523
EP  - 4523
SN  - 09215093
N1  - Accession Number: 50701221; Raj, S.V.; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Palczer, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 527 Issue 16/17, p4523; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2009.11.064
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
T1  - Neuromodulation.
JO  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Y1  - 2010/06/30/
VL  - 1199
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 204
EP  - 211
SN  - 00778923
AB  - Neuromodulation (deep brain stimulation; DBS) has become an established treatment for movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease), and is in trials for refractory epilepsy, headache, and certain mood disorders. Two main themes will advance DBS significantly in the next five years: closed-loop DBS, that is, feedback from brain electrical activity to direct the stimulation; and computational analysis (CA)—electrophysiological modeling to enhance DBS. Closed-loop DBS is currently in clinical trials for refractory epilepsy. New imaging techniques offer preoperative modeling for DBS surgery, including nerve fiber tracts (diffusion tensor imaging), and imaging of volume of tissue activated by a specific electrode. CA techniques for DBS include mathematical models of the abnormally synchronized electrical activity which underlies epilepsy, movement disorders, and likely many mood disorders as well. By incorporating feedback loops and multiple recording and/or stimulating sites, the abnormally synchronized brain electrical activity can be desynchronized, then “unlearned” (“unkindling” in epilepsy). Characteristics of DBS utilizing CA include low frequency rather than high frequency stimulation; multiple stimulation and/or recording sites; likely 10-fold or more reduction in electrical current needs (much smaller “pulse generators”); more focused and less disruptive stimulation—fewer unwanted side effects; and potential to “cure” certain disorders by resetting abnormal firing patterns back to normal. These advantages of more sophisticated DBS techniques bring the following challenges, which may require a decade of research before reaching clinical practice because many brain disorders involve neurotransmitter abnormalities (e.g., dopamine in Parkinson's disease and certain mood disorders). Namely, how do we monitor and modulate neurotransmitters in addition to electrical activity? How do we get multiple microelectrodes into the brain in a minimally invasive manner? In the accompanying article, I address these two issues and offer some potential solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAIN stimulation
KW  - BRAIN diseases
KW  - MEDICAL experimentation on humans
KW  - BRAIN function localization
KW  - CLINICAL trials
KW  - computational analysis
KW  - deep brain stimulation
KW  - depression
KW  - epilepsy
KW  - mood disorders
KW  - movement disorders
KW  - neuromodulation
N1  - Accession Number: 51482020; Andrews, Russell J. 1; Email Address: rja@russelljandrews.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center (Smart Systems & Nanotechnology), Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 1199 Issue 1, p204; Subject Term: BRAIN stimulation; Subject Term: BRAIN diseases; Subject Term: MEDICAL experimentation on humans; Subject Term: BRAIN function localization; Subject Term: CLINICAL trials; Author-Supplied Keyword: computational analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep brain stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: depression; Author-Supplied Keyword: epilepsy; Author-Supplied Keyword: mood disorders; Author-Supplied Keyword: movement disorders; Author-Supplied Keyword: neuromodulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05379.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
T1  - Neuromodulation.
JO  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
JF  - Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Y1  - 2010/06/30/
VL  - 1199
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 212
EP  - 220
SN  - 00778923
AB  - Many nervous system disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, mood disorders) involve neurotransmitters as well as electrical activity. Pharmacologic treatment does not target the precise location(s) where neurotransmitter imbalances occur. Additionally, non-neuronal cells in the brain—notably astrocytes—influence neuronal activity through both electrical and neurochemical modulation of nearby neurons. Precise monitoring/recording and modulating/stimulating (both electrical and neurochemical) can optimize therapy in specific disorders and specific patients. Carbon-fiber microelectrodes (5 μm diameter) in freely moving rodents have shown that dopamine release is heterogeneous within various regions in the nucleus accumbens, a region involved in many mood disorders. Because neurons are only several microns in diameter (axons, dendrites, and synaptic clefts smaller still), ultramicroelectrodes will be essential to selectively monitor/modulate the cell body, the axon, or at the intracellular level. Nanoelectrode arrays can monitor both electrical activity and dopamine in real time with submicron resolution, and stimulate neurons with equal precision. Computational models indicate that precise monitoring/modulating (electrically and neurochemically) at the subnucleus or neuron level will be necessary to restore normal firing patterns and neurotransmitter levels in many brain disorders. Endovascular techniques can introduce ultramicroelectrodes (0.5 micron or smaller) into the brain via capillaries; such electrodes can stimulate/record neuronal tissue with a response virtually identical to extra-vascular microelectrodes. Within the next decade, hundreds if not thousands of submicron-sized monitoring/modulating electrodes can be placed wherever needed to restore brain function to normal. The term “neuromodulation” will likely replace deep brain stimulation (DBS) as both neurochemistry and electrical activity are included in the therapeutic modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NERVOUS system -- Diseases
KW  - PARKINSON'S disease
KW  - BRAIN diseases
KW  - BRAIN function localization
KW  - NEUROSCIENCES
KW  - carbon nanotubes
KW  - carbonnanotubes
KW  - deep brain stimulation
KW  - dopamine
KW  - mood disorders
KW  - movement disorders
KW  - nanoelectrode arrays
KW  - neuromodulation
KW  - neurotransmitters
N1  - Accession Number: 51482019; Andrews, Russell J. 1; Email Address: rja@russelljandrews.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center (Smart Systems & Nanotechnology), Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Jun2010, Vol. 1199 Issue 1, p212; Subject Term: NERVOUS system -- Diseases; Subject Term: PARKINSON'S disease; Subject Term: BRAIN diseases; Subject Term: BRAIN function localization; Subject Term: NEUROSCIENCES; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbonnanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep brain stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dopamine; Author-Supplied Keyword: mood disorders; Author-Supplied Keyword: movement disorders; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoelectrode arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: neuromodulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: neurotransmitters; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05380.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51482019&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Faierson, Eric J.
AU  - Logan, Kathryn V.
AU  - Stewart, Brian K.
AU  - Hunt, Michael P.
T1  - Demonstration of concept for fabrication of lunar physical assets utilizing lunar regolith simulant and a geothermite reaction
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 67
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 45
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: NASA''s anticipated return to the Moon by 2020 and subsequent establishment of a lunar base will necessitate the development of methods to utilize lunar resources for various construction and resource extraction applications. In this study the design of a lunar physical asset utilizing in-situ resources available at the lunar surface was examined. The design incorporated a voussoir dome type of architecture that has been in use for centuries on Earth. Production of the desired dome elements was accomplished by initiating a geothermite reaction in a mixture of lunar regolith simulant and aluminum powder. Shaping of voussoir elements was accomplished during the reaction using a custom fabricated silica-slip crucible to contain the geothermite reactant mixture. The product of the reaction retained the shape of the crucible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - LUNAR bases
KW  - ALUMINUM powder
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MOON
KW  - CRUST
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Dome
KW  - Habitat
KW  - ISRU
KW  - Moon
KW  - Regolith
KW  - SHS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 49810905; Faierson, Eric J. 1; Email Address: faierson@vt.edu Logan, Kathryn V. 1 Stewart, Brian K. 2 Hunt, Michael P. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace - Virginia Tech, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 67 Issue 1/2, p38; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: LUNAR bases; Subject Term: ALUMINUM powder; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: CRUST; Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dome; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitat; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: SHS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.12.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=49810905&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leeghim, Henzeh
AU  - Choi, Yoonhyuk
AU  - Jaroux, Belgacem A.
T1  - Uncorrelated unscented filtering for spacecraft attitude determination
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 67
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 144
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Spacecraft attitude estimation based on the nonlinear unscented filter is addressed to fully utilize capabilities of the unscented transformation. To overcome significant computational load, an efficient technique is proposed by appropriately eliminating correlation between random variables. This modification leads to a considerable reduction of computational burden in matrix square-root calculation for most nonlinear systems. The unscented filter makes use of a set of sample points to predict mean and covariance. For attitude estimation based on quaternions, an approach to computing quaternion means from sampled quaternions with guarantee of the normalization constraint is described by using a constrained optimization technique. Finally, the performance of the new approach is demonstrated by attitude determination using a star tracker and rate-gyro measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Attitude control systems
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - RANDOM variables
KW  - QUATERNIONS
KW  - STAR trackers
KW  - Attitude estimation
KW  - Quaternion normalization
KW  - Uncorrelated unscented filter
N1  - Accession Number: 49810914; Leeghim, Henzeh 1; Email Address: h.leeghim@gmail.com Choi, Yoonhyuk 2; Email Address: yhchoi@ascl.kaist.ac.kr Jaroux, Belgacem A. 1; Email Address: Belgacem.A.Jaroux@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 67 Issue 1/2, p135; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Attitude control systems; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: RANDOM variables; Subject Term: QUATERNIONS; Subject Term: STAR trackers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attitude estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quaternion normalization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncorrelated unscented filter; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.12.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Nishikawa, Hiroaki
AU  - White, Jeffery A.
T1  - Comparison of Node-Centered and Cell-Centered Unstructured Finite-Volume Discretizations: Viscous Fluxes.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 48
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1326
EP  - 1338
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Finite-volume discretization schemes for viscous fluxes on general grids are compared using node-centered and cell-centered approaches. The grids range from regular grids to highly irregular grids, including random perturbations of the grid nodes. Accuracy and complexity are studied for four nominally second-order accurate schemes: a node-centered scheme and three cell-centered schemes (a node-averaging scheme and two schemes using least-squares face-gradient reconstruction). The two least-squares schemes use either a nearest-neighbor or an adaptive-compact stencil at a face. The node-centered and least-squares schemes have similarly low levels of complexity. The node-averaging scheme has the highest complexity and can fail to converge to the exact solution when clipping of the node-averaged values is used. On highly anisotropic grids, typical of those encountered in grid adaptation, the least-squares schemes, the node-averaging scheme without clipping, and the node-centered scheme demonstrate similar second-order accuracies per degree of freedom. On anisotropic grids over a curved body, typical of turbulent flow simulations, the node-centered scheme is second-order accurate. The node-averaging scheme may degenerate on mixed-element grids. The least-squares schemes have to be amended to maintain second-order accuracy by either introducing a local approximate mapping or modifying the stencil to reflect the direction of strong coupling. Overall, the accuracies of the node-centered and the best cell-centered schemes are comparable at an equivalent number of degrees of freedom on isotropic and curved anisotropic grids. On stretched, randomly perturbed grids in a rectangular geometry, both gradient and discretization errors for all schemes are orders of magnitude higher than corresponding errors on regular grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 52252684; Diskin, Boris 1; Email Address: bdiskin@nianet.org Thomas, James L. 2; Email Address: James.L.Thomas@nasa.gov Nielsen, Eric J. 2; Email Address: Eric.J.Nielsen@nasa.gov Nishikawa, Hiroaki 1 White, Jeffery A. 2; Email Address: Jeffery.A.White@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 48 Issue 7, p1326; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.44940
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Micromechanics Modeling of Composites Subjected to Multiaxial Progressive Damage in the Constituents.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 48
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1367
EP  - 1378
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The high-fidelity generalized method of cells composite micromechanics model is extended to include constituent-scale progressive damage via a proposed damage model. The damage model assumes that all material nonlinearity is due to damage in the form of reduced stiffness, and it uses six scalar damage variables (three for tension and three for compression) to track the damage. Damage strains are introduced that account for interaction among the strain components and that also allow the development of the damage evolution equations based on the constituent material uniaxial stress--train response. Local final-failure criteria are also proposed based on mode-specific strain energy release rates and total dissipated strain energy. The coupled micromechanics-damage model described herein is applied to a unidirectional E-glass/epoxy composite and a proprietary polymer matrix composite. Results illustrate the capability of the coupled model to capture the vastly different character of the monolithic (heat) resin matrix and the composite in response to far-field tension, compression, and shear loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - SOLID state physics
N1  - Accession Number: 52252688; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: Brett.A.Bednarcyk@nasa.gov Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Ramat-Aviv, Israel; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 48 Issue 7, p1367; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45671
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52252688&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boles, John A.
AU  - Edwards, Jack R.
AU  - Baurle, Robert A.
T1  - Large-Eddy/Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of Sonic Injection into Mach 2 Crossflow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 48
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1444
EP  - 1456
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Computational predictions of transverse injection of air, helium, and ethylene into a Mach 1.98 crossflow of air are presented. A hybrid large-eddy simulation/Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model is used. A blending function, dependent on modeled turbulence variables, is used to shift the turbulence closure from the Menter k-w model near solid surfaces to a Smagorinsky subgrid model in the outer part of the incoming boundary layer and in the jet mixing zone. The results show reasonably good agreement with time-averaged Mie-scattering images of the plume structure for both helium and air injection and with experimental surface pressure distributions, even though the penetration of the jet into the crossflow is slightly overpredicted. Predictions of ethylene mole fraction at several transverse stations within the plume are in good agreement with time-averaged Raman-scattering mole-fraction data. The model results are used to examine the validity of the commonly used assumption of the constant turbulent Schmidt number in the intense mixing zone downstream of the injection location. The assumption of a constant turbulent Schmidt is shown to be inadequate for jet mixing dominated by large-scale entrainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 52252694; Boles, John A. 1 Edwards, Jack R. 1 Baurle, Robert A. 2; Affiliation:  1: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 48 Issue 7, p1444; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050066
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52252694&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Laat, A. T. J.
AU  - Gloudemans, A. M. S.
AU  - Schrijver, H.
AU  - Aben, I.
AU  - Nagahama, Y.
AU  - Suzuki, K.
AU  - Mahieu, E.
AU  - Jones, N. B.
AU  - Paton-Walsh, C.
AU  - Deutscher, N. M.
AU  - Griffith, D. W. T.
AU  - De Mazière, M.
AU  - Mittelmeier, R.
AU  - Fast, H.
AU  - Notholt, J.
AU  - Palm, M.
AU  - Hawat, T.
AU  - Blumenstock, T.
AU  - Rinsland, C.
AU  - Dzhola, A. V.
T1  - Validation of five years (2003-2007) of SCIAMACHY CO total column measurements using ground-based spectrometer observations.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2891
EP  - 2930
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a validation of five-year SCIAMACHY CO observations from the iterative maximum likelihood method (IMLM) algorithm using 20 ground based spectrometer (GBS) stations. It mentions that the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography provides over five years of carbon monoxide data based on reflected sunlight measurements in the short-wave infrared. Further, the article discusses the IMLM retrieval algorithm, GBS measurements and the TM4 model.
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Methodology
N1  - Accession Number: 52408227; de Laat, A. T. J. 1,2; Email Address: laatdej@knmi.nl Gloudemans, A. M. S. 2 Schrijver, H. 2 Aben, I. 2 Nagahama, Y. 3 Suzuki, K. 4 Mahieu, E. 5 Jones, N. B. 6 Paton-Walsh, C. 6 Deutscher, N. M. 6 Griffith, D. W. T. 6 De Mazière, M. 7 Mittelmeier, R. 8 Fast, H. 8 Notholt, J. 9 Palm, M. 9 Hawat, T. 10 Blumenstock, T. 11 Rinsland, C. 12 Dzhola, A. V. 13; Affiliation:  1: KNMI Royal Netherlands Meteorology Institute, de Bilt, The Netherlands  2: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands  3: Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan  4: Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama University, Yokohama, Japan  5: Institute of Astrophysics and Geophysics, University of Li `ege, Li `ege, Belgium  6: School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia  7: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB), Brussels, Belgium  8: Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada  9: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Denver University, Denver, CO, USA  11: IMK-ASF, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany  12: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  13: Physial Faculty, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 4, p2891; Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Methodology; Number of Pages: 40p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 10 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-3-2891-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52408227&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, Aaron S.
AU  - Su, Yu-Ping
AU  - Begun, Dana L.
AU  - Miller, Joshua D.
AU  - Alford, Andrea I.
AU  - Goldstein, Steven A.
T1  - The effects of axial displacement on fracture callus morphology and MSC homing depend on the timing of application
JO  - BONE
JF  - BONE
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 48
SN  - 87563282
AB  - Abstract: The local mechanical environment and the availability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have both been shown to be important factors in bone fracture healing. This study was designed to investigate how the timing of an applied axial displacement across a healing fracture affects callus properties as well as the migration of systemically introduced MSC. Bilateral osteotomies were created in male, Sprague–Dawley rats. Exogenous MSC were injected via the tail vein, and a controlled micro-motion was applied to one defect starting 0, 3, 10, or 24days after surgery. The results showed that fractures stimulated 10days after surgery had more mineral, less cartilage, and greater mechanical properties at 48days than other groups. Populations of MSC were found in osteotomies 48days after surgery, with the exception of the group that was stimulated 10days after surgery. These results demonstrate that the timing of mechanical stimulation affects the physical properties of the callus and the migration of MSC to the fracture site. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of BONE is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WOUND healing
KW  - BONES -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - CALLUS
KW  - STEM cells
KW  - CELL migration
KW  - OSTEOTOMY
KW  - BONE surgery
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - TREATMENT
KW  - Fracture healing
KW  - Mechanical strain
KW  - Mesenchymal stem cells
KW  - MSC homing
KW  - Rat model
N1  - Accession Number: 51401916; Weaver, Aaron S. 1,2 Su, Yu-Ping 1,3 Begun, Dana L. 1 Miller, Joshua D. 1 Alford, Andrea I. 1 Goldstein, Steven A. 1; Email Address: stevegld@umich.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of Michigan, Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Ann Arbor, MI, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Taipei, Taiwan; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: WOUND healing; Subject Term: BONES -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: CALLUS; Subject Term: STEM cells; Subject Term: CELL migration; Subject Term: OSTEOTOMY; Subject Term: BONE surgery; Subject Term: RATS as laboratory animals; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture healing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesenchymal stem cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSC homing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rat model; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bone.2010.03.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldsby, J.C.
T1  - Effects of variable aspect ratio inclusions on the electrical impedance of an alumina zirconia composite at intermediate temperatures
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1719
EP  - 1723
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Abstract: A series of alumina–yttria-stabilized zirconia composites containing either a high aspect ratio (5 and 30mol%) hexagonal platelet alumina or an alumina low aspect ratio (5 and 30mol%) spherical particulate was used to determine the effect of the aspect ratio on the temperature-dependent impedance of the composite material. The highest impedance across the temperature range of 373–1073K is attributed to the grain boundary of the hexagonal platelet second phase in this alumina zirconia composite. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC-matrix composites
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry)
KW  - AC impedance
KW  - B. Composite
KW  - Ceramic
KW  - Zirconia
N1  - Accession Number: 50704807; Goldsby, J.C. 1; Email Address: Jon.C.Goldsby@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, United States; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 36 Issue 5, p1719; Subject Term: CERAMIC-matrix composites; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: AC impedance; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zirconia; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2010.02.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50704807&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hobbs, Alan
AU  - Williamson, Ann
AU  - Van Dongen, Hans P. A.
T1  - A CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN SKILL-BASED ERRORS IN AVIATION MAINTENANCE.
JO  - Chronobiology International: The Journal of Biological & Medical Rhythm Research
JF  - Chronobiology International: The Journal of Biological & Medical Rhythm Research
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 27
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1304
EP  - 1316
SN  - 07420528
AB  - In workplaces where activity continues around the clock, human error has been observed to exhibit a circadian rhythm, with a characteristic peak in the early hours of the morning. Errors are commonly distinguished by the nature of the underlying cognitive failure, particularly the level of intentionality involved in the erroneous action. The Skill-Rule-Knowledge (SRK) framework of Rasmussen is used widely in the study of industrial errors and accidents. The SRK framework describes three fundamental types of error, according to whether behavior is under the control of practiced sensori-motor skill routines with minimal conscious awareness; is guided by implicit or explicit rules or expertise; or where the planning of actions requires the conscious application of domain knowledge. Up to now, examinations of circadian patterns of industrial errors have not distinguished between different types of error. Consequently, it is not clear whether all types of error exhibit the same circadian rhythm. A survey was distributed to aircraft maintenance personnel in Australia. Personnel were invited to anonymously report a safety incident and were prompted to describe, in detail, the human involvement (if any) that contributed to it. A total of 402 airline maintenance personnel reported an incident, providing 369 descriptions of human error in which the time of the incident was reported and sufficient detail was available to analyze the error. Errors were categorized using a modified version of the SRK framework, in which errors are categorized as skill-based, rule-based, or knowledge-based, or as procedure violations. An independent check confirmed that the SRK framework had been applied with sufficient consistency and reliability. Skill-based errors were the most common form of error, followed by procedure violations, rule-based errors, and knowledge-based errors. The frequency of errors was adjusted for the estimated proportion of workers present at work/each hour of the day, and the 24 h pattern of each error type was examined. Skill-based errors exhibited a significant circadian rhythm, being most prevalent in the early hours of the morning. Variation in the frequency of rule-based errors, knowledge-based errors, and procedure violations over the 24 h did not reach statistical significance. The results suggest that during the early hours of the morning, maintenance technicians are at heightened risk of “absent minded” errors involving failures to execute action plans as intended. (Author correspondence: ) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chronobiology International: The Journal of Biological & Medical Rhythm Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - HUMAN error
KW  - BIOLOGICAL rhythms
KW  - MOTOR ability
KW  - AUSTRALIA
KW  - Airline
KW  - Circadian rhythm
KW  - Cognitive performance
KW  - Human error
KW  - Skill-based error
N1  - Accession Number: 52475594; Hobbs, Alan 1; Email Address: alan.hobbs@nasa.gov Williamson, Ann 2 Van Dongen, Hans P. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  2: Department of Aviation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.  3: Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington, USA.; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 27 Issue 6, p1304; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: HUMAN error; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL rhythms; Subject Term: MOTOR ability; Subject Term: AUSTRALIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circadian rhythm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skill-based error; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3109/07420528.2010.484890
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52475594&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Sandi G.
AU  - Bauer, Jonathan L.
AU  - Maryanski, Michael J.
AU  - Heimann, Paula J.
AU  - Barlow, Jeremy P.
AU  - Gosau, Jan-Michael
AU  - Allred, Ronald E.
T1  - Characterization of epoxy functionalized graphite nanoparticles and the physical properties of epoxy matrix nanocomposites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 70
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1120
EP  - 1125
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: This work presents a novel approach to the functionalization of graphite nanoparticles. The technique provides a mechanism for covalent bonding between the filler and matrix, with minimal disruption to the sp2 hybridization of the pristine graphene sheet. Functionalization proceeded by covalently bonding an epoxy monomer to the surface of expanded graphite, via a coupling agent, such that the epoxy concentration was measured as approximately 4wt.%. The impact of dispersing this material into an epoxy resin was evaluated with respect to the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the graphite–epoxy nanocomposite. At a loading as low as 0.5wt.%, the electrical conductivity was increased by five orders of magnitude relative to the base resin. The material yield strength was increased by 30% and Young’s modulus by 50%. These results were realized without compromise to the resin toughness. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - GRAPHITE composites
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - FILLERS (Materials)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - A. Nanocomposites
KW  - A. Polymer
KW  - B. Electrical properties
KW  - B. Mechanical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 50704744; Miller, Sandi G. 1; Email Address: Sandi.G.Miller@nasa.gov Bauer, Jonathan L. 2 Maryanski, Michael J. 3 Heimann, Paula J. 4 Barlow, Jeremy P. 5 Gosau, Jan-Michael 5 Allred, Ronald E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Polymers Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States  3: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States  4: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  5: Adherent Technologies, Inc., Albuquerque, NM 87111, United States; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 70 Issue 7, p1120; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: GRAPHITE composites; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: FILLERS (Materials); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Electrical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Mechanical properties; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.02.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=50704744&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian, Feng
AU  - Claire, Mark W.
AU  - Haqq-Misra, Jacob D.
AU  - Smith, Megan
AU  - Crisp, David C.
AU  - Catling, David
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Kasting, James F.
T1  - Photochemical and climate consequences of sulfur outgassing on early Mars
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 295
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 412
EP  - 418
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Ancient Mars might have been warm and wet compared to today, but climate models have trouble reproducing this warmth, partly because of the faintness of the young Sun and partly because of inherent limitations to CO2–H2O greenhouse warming. In particular, Rayleigh scattering of incoming sunlight by a dense, CO2-rich atmosphere leads to a high planetary albedo, thereby reducing the amount of sunlight absorbed by the planet. It has been recently suggested that the presence of 1–100ppmv SO2 in Mars'' early atmosphere might have provided enough additional greenhouse warming to maintain a warm, wet early Mars. We show, however, that this warming should have been more than offset by cooling from sulfate and sulfur aerosols in early martian atmosphere. Hence, the paradox of Mars'' early climate remains unresolved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - SULFUR dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - early Mars climate sulfur photochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 51437236; Tian, Feng 1; Email Address: tian@colorado.edu Claire, Mark W. 2 Haqq-Misra, Jacob D. 3 Smith, Megan 3 Crisp, David C. 4 Catling, David 5 Zahnle, Kevin 6 Kasting, James F. 7; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Virtual Planetary Laboratory and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  4: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  5: Dept. of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Box 351310, Seattle WA 98195, USA  6: Mail Stop 245-3, Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 295 Issue 3/4, p412; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: early Mars climate sulfur photochemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.04.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51437236&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Anderson, Bruce T.
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Physical Climate Response to a Reduction of Anthropogenic Climate Forcing.
JO  - Earth Interactions
JF  - Earth Interactions
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 10873562
AB  - Recent research indicates that the warming of the climate system resulting from increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the next century will persist for many centuries after the cessation of these emissions, principally because of the persistence of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and their attendant radiative forcing. However, it is unknown whether the responses of other components of the climate system—including those related to Greenland and Antarctic ice cover, the Atlantic thermohaline circulation, the West African monsoon, and ecosystem and human welfare—would be reversed even if atmospheric CO2 concentrations were to recover to 1990 levels. Here, using a simple set of experiments employing a current-generation numerical climate model, the authors examine the response of the physical climate system to decreasing CO2 concentrations following an initial increase. Results indicate that many characteristics of the climate system, including global temperatures, precipitation, soil moisture, and sea ice, recover as CO2 concentrations decrease. However, other components of the Earth system may still exhibit nonlinear hysteresis. In these experiments, for instance, increases in stratospheric water vapor, which initially result from increased CO2 concentrations, remain present even as CO2 concentrations recover. These results suggest that identification of additional threshold behaviors in response to human-induced global climate change should focus on subcomponents of the full Earth system, including cryosphere, biosphere, and chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth Interactions is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - MONSOONS
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - Climate
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Forcing
N1  - Accession Number: 52009644; Samanta, Arindam 1; Email Address: arindam.sam@gmail.com Anderson, Bruce T. 1 Ganguly, Sangram 2 Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 3 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts.  2: BAERI/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 14 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: MONSOONS; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forcing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010EI325.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52009644&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David H.
T1  - Why income comparison is rational
JO  - Games & Economic Behavior
JF  - Games & Economic Behavior
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 69
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 458
EP  - 474
SN  - 08998256
AB  - Abstract: A major factor affecting a person''s happiness is the gap between their income and their neighbors'', independent of their own income. This effect is strongest when the neighbor has moderately higher income. In addition a person''s lifetime happiness often follows a “U” shape. Previous models have explained subsets of these phenomena, typically assuming the person has limited ability to assess their own (hedonic) utility. Here I present a model that explains all the phenomena, without such assumptions. In this model greater income of your neighbor is statistical data that, if carefully analyzed, would recommend that you explore for a new income-generating strategy. This explains unhappiness that your neighbor has greater income, as an emotional “prod” that induces you to explore, in accord with careful statistical analysis. It explains the “U” shape of happiness similarly. Another benefit of this model is that it makes many falsifiable predictions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Games & Economic Behavior is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOCIAL comparison
KW  - DECISION theory
KW  - PARADOX
KW  - UTILITY theory
KW  - ECONOMIC models
KW  - INCOME
KW  - Decision theory
KW  - Easterlin paradox
KW  - Hedonic utility
KW  - Herding
KW  - Income comparison
KW  - Keep up with the Joneses
KW  - Search algorithm
KW  - Social comparison
KW  - U-shaped lifetime curve
N1  - Accession Number: 51400939; Wolpert, David H. 1; Email Address: david.h.wolpert@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 69 Issue 2, p458; Subject Term: SOCIAL comparison; Subject Term: DECISION theory; Subject Term: PARADOX; Subject Term: UTILITY theory; Subject Term: ECONOMIC models; Subject Term: INCOME; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Easterlin paradox; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hedonic utility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Herding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Income comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Keep up with the Joneses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Social comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: U-shaped lifetime curve; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geb.2009.12.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51400939&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banks, Eric D.
AU  - Taylor, Nicholas M.
AU  - Gulley, Jason
AU  - Lubbers, Brad R.
AU  - Giarrizo, Juan G.
AU  - Bullen, Heather A.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Barton, Hazel A.
T1  - Bacterial Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in Cave Environments: A Function of Calcium Homeostasis.
JO  - Geomicrobiology Journal
JF  - Geomicrobiology Journal
Y1  - 2010/07//Jul/Aug2010
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 454
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01490451
AB  - To determine if microbial species play an active role in the development of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) deposits (speleothems) in cave environments, we isolated 51 culturable bacteria from a coralloid speleothem and tested their ability to dissolve and precipitate CaCO3. The majority of these isolates could precipitate CaCO3 minerals; scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractrometry demonstrated that aragonite, calcite and vaterite were produced in this process. Due to the inability of dead cells to precipitate these minerals, this suggested that calcification requires metabolic activity. Given growth of these species on calcium acetate, but the toxicity of Ca2+ ions to bacteria, we created a loss-of-function gene knock-out in the Ca2+ ion efflux protein ChaA. The loss of this protein inhibited growth on media containing calcium, suggesting that the need to remove Ca2+ ions from the cell may drive calcification. With no carbonate in the media used in the calcification studies, we used stable isotope probing with C13O2 to determine whether atmospheric CO2 could be the source of these ions. The resultant crystals were significantly enriched in this heavy isotope, suggesting that extracellular CO2 does indeed contribute to the mineral structure. The physiological adaptation of removing toxic Ca2+ ions by calcification, while useful in numerous environments, would be particularly beneficial to bacteria in Ca2+-rich cave environments. Such activity may also create the initial crystal nucleation sites that contribute to the formation of secondary CaCO3 deposits within caves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geomicrobiology Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - CALCIUM carbonate
KW  - HOMEOSTASIS
KW  - SPELEOTHEMS
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - calcite
KW  - calcium caves
KW  - coralloids
KW  - homeostasis
KW  - speleothems
N1  - Accession Number: 51312177; Banks, Eric D. 1 Taylor, Nicholas M. 1 Gulley, Jason 1 Lubbers, Brad R. 1 Giarrizo, Juan G. 1 Bullen, Heather A. 2 Hoehler, Tori M. 3 Barton, Hazel A. 1; Email Address: bartonh@nku.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky.  2: Department of Chemistry, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, Kentucky.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Jul/Aug2010, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p444; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: CALCIUM carbonate; Subject Term: HOMEOSTASIS; Subject Term: SPELEOTHEMS; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: calcite; Author-Supplied Keyword: calcium caves; Author-Supplied Keyword: coralloids; Author-Supplied Keyword: homeostasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: speleothems; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01490450903485136
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51312177&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
T1  - A cold and wet Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 208
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 175
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Water on Mars has been explained by invoking controversial and mutually exclusive solutions based on warming the atmosphere with greenhouse gases (the “warm and wet” Mars) or on local thermal energy sources acting in a global freezing climate (the “cold and dry” Mars). Both have critical limitations and none has been definitively accepted as a compelling explanation for the presence of liquid water on Mars. Here is considered the hypothesis that cold, saline and acidic liquid solutions have been stable on the sub-zero surface of Mars for relatively extended periods of time, completing a hydrogeological cycle in a water-enriched but cold planet. Computer simulations have been developed to analyze the evaporation processes of a hypothetical martian fluid with a composition resulting from the acid weathering of basalt. This model is based on orbiter- and lander-observed surface mineralogy of Mars, and is consistent with the sequence and time of deposition of the different mineralogical units. The hydrological cycle would have been active only in periods of dense atmosphere, as having a minimum atmospheric pressure is essential for water to flow, and relatively high temperatures (over ∼245K) are required to trigger evaporation and snowfall; minor episodes of limited liquid water on the surface could have occurred at lower temperatures (over ∼225K). During times with a thin atmosphere and even lesser temperatures (under ∼225K), only transient liquid water can potentially exist on most of the martian surface. Assuming that surface temperatures have always been maintained below 273K, Mars can be considered a “cold and wet” planet for a substantial part of its geological history. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 51158273; Fairén, Alberto G. 1; Email Address: alberto.g.fairen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, 94035 CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 208 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trainer, Melissa G.
AU  - Tolbert, Margaret A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - Limits on the trapping of atmospheric CH4 in martian polar ice analogs
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 208
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 192
EP  - 197
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Recent detection of methane (CH4) on Mars has generated interest in possible biological or geological sources, but the factors responsible for the reported variability are not understood. Here we explore one potential sink that might affect the seasonal cycling of CH4 on Mars – trapping in ices deposited on the surface. Our apparatus consisted of a high-vacuum chamber in which three different Mars ice analogs (water, carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide clathrate hydrates) were deposited in the presence of CH4 gas. The ices were monitored for spectroscopic evidence of CH4 trapping using transmission Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and during subsequent sublimation of the ice films the vapor composition was measured using mass spectrometry (MS). Trapping of CH4 in water ice was confirmed at deposition temperatures <100K which is consistent with previous work, thus validating the experimental methods. However, no trapping of CH4 was observed in the ice analogs studied at warmer temperatures (140K for H2O and CO2 clathrate, 90K for CO2 snow) with approximately 10mTorr CH4 in the chamber. From experimental detection limits these results provide an upper limit of 0.02 for the atmosphere/ice trapping ratio of CH4. If it is assumed that the trapping mechanism is linear with CH4 partial pressure and can be extrapolated to Mars, this upper limit would indicate that less than 1% is expected to be trapped from the largest reported CH4 plume, and therefore does not represent a significant sink for CH4. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC methane
KW  - ICE caps
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - POLAR regions
KW  - SPECTRA
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Atmospheres, Chemistry
KW  - Ices
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Polar caps
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 51158275; Trainer, Melissa G. 1; Email Address: melissa.trainer@nasa.gov Tolbert, Margaret A. 2,3 McKay, Christopher P. 4 Toon, Owen B. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 699, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  3: Department for Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  6: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, UCB 392, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 208 Issue 1, p192; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC methane; Subject Term: ICE caps; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: POLAR regions; Subject Term: SPECTRA; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Polar caps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.02.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orofino, V.
AU  - Blanco, A.
AU  - D’Elia, M.
AU  - Licchelli, D.
AU  - Fonti, S.
AU  - Marzo, G.A.
T1  - Study of terrestrial fossils in phyllosilicate-rich soils: Implication in the search for biosignatures on Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 208
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 206
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The search for biosignatures in the soil of Mars is a major objective of the planet exploration, but the detection of such structures is not straightforward due to the degradation of the organic material. In a previous work our group has analyzed the spectral reaction to thermal processing of biomineral carbonate samples including fresh and fossil shells. We found that two terrestrial fossil shells collected from clay deposits preserve their biomineral characteristics much better than coeval fossils not embedded in clay layers. In the present paper we extend our analysis to a set of fossils found in three different terrestrial clay deposits. Our results confirm that the level of degradation may be much lower than the standard values if fossils are surrounded by clay minerals. As a result these fossils have a spectroscopic response to thermal treatment which make them much more distinguishable from their abiotic counterparts than coeval fossils not collected from clay deposits. This result implies that the phyllosilicates regions recently discovered on Mars may represent very interesting environments that can provide conditions favorable to preserve evidence of biomarkers, and hence can be regarded as good candidate locations for their detection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOSSILS
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - SOIL composition
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SPECTRA
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Mars
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 51158277; Orofino, V. 1; Email Address: vincenzo.orofino@le.infn.it Blanco, A. 1 D’Elia, M. 1 Licchelli, D. 1 Fonti, S. 1 Marzo, G.A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 208 Issue 1, p202; Subject Term: FOSSILS; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: SOIL composition; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SPECTRA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.02.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fletcher, Leigh N.
AU  - Orton, G.S.
AU  - Mousis, O.
AU  - Yanamandra-Fisher, P.
AU  - Parrish, P.D.
AU  - Irwin, P.G.J.
AU  - Fisher, B.M.
AU  - Vanzi, L.
AU  - Fujiyoshi, T.
AU  - Fuse, T.
AU  - Simon-Miller, A.A.
AU  - Edkins, E.
AU  - Hayward, T.L.
AU  - De Buizer, J.
T1  - Thermal structure and composition of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot from high-resolution thermal imaging
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 208
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
EP  - 328
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Thermal-IR imaging from space-borne and ground-based observatories was used to investigate the temperature, composition and aerosol structure of Jupiter’s Great Red Spot (GRS) and its temporal variability between 1995 and 2008. An elliptical warm core, extending over 8° of longitude and 3° of latitude, was observed within the cold anticyclonic vortex at 21°S. The warm airmass is co-located with the deepest red coloration of the GRS interior. The maximum contrast between the core and the coldest regions of the GRS was 3.0–3.5K in the north–south direction at 400mbar atmospheric pressure, although the warmer temperatures are present throughout the 150–500mbar range. The resulting thermal gradients cause counter-rotating flow in the GRS center to decay with altitude into the lower stratosphere. The elliptical warm airmass was too small to be observed in IRTF imaging prior to 2006, but was present throughout the 2006–2008 period in VLT, Subaru and Gemini imaging. Spatially-resolved maps of mid-IR tropospheric aerosol opacity revealed a well-defined lane of depleted aerosols around the GRS periphery, and a correlation with visibly-dark jovian clouds and bright 4.8-μm emission. Ammonia showed a similar but broader ring of depletion encircling the GRS. This narrow lane of subsidence keeps red aerosols physically separate from white aerosols external to the GRS. The visibility of the 4.8-μm bright periphery varies with the mid-IR aerosol opacity of the upper troposphere. Compositional maps of ammonia, phosphine and para-H2 within the GRS interior all exhibit north–south asymmetries, with evidence for higher concentrations north of the warm central core and the strongest depletions in a symmetric arc near the southern periphery. Small-scale enhancements in temperature, NH3 and aerosol opacity associated with localized convection are observed within the generally-warm and aerosol-free South Equatorial Belt (SEB) northwest of the GRS. The extent of 4.8-μm emission from the SEB varied as a part of the 2007 ‘global upheaval,’ though changes during this period were restricted to pressures greater than 500mbar. Finally, a region of enhanced temperatures extended southwest of the GRS during the survey, restricted to the 100–400mbar range and with no counterpart in visible imaging or compositional mapping. The warm airmass was perturbed by frequent encounters with the cold airmass of Oval BA, but no internal thermal or compositional effects were noted in either vortex during the close encounters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - HIGH resolution spectroscopy
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - OBSERVATIONS
KW  - Atmospheres, Composition
KW  - Atmospheres, Structure
KW  - Jupiter
N1  - Accession Number: 51158284; Fletcher, Leigh N. 1,2; Email Address: fletcher@atm.ox.ac.uk Orton, G.S. 1 Mousis, O. 3,4 Yanamandra-Fisher, P. 1 Parrish, P.D. 1,5 Irwin, P.G.J. 2 Fisher, B.M. 1 Vanzi, L. 6 Fujiyoshi, T. 7 Fuse, T. 7 Simon-Miller, A.A. 8 Edkins, E. 9 Hayward, T.L. 10 De Buizer, J. 11; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK  3: Institut UTINAM, CNRS-UMR 6213, Observatoire de Besançon, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA  5: School of GeoScience, University of Edinburgh, Crew Building, King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, UK  6: Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Department of Electrical Engineering, Av. Vicuna Makenna 4860, Santiago, Chile  7: Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 650 North A’ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA  8: NASA/Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  9: University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  10: Gemini Observatory, Southern Operations Center, c/o AURA, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  11: SOFIA – USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 208 Issue 1, p306; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: HIGH resolution spectroscopy; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: OBSERVATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeMeo, Francesca E.
AU  - Dumas, Christophe
AU  - de Bergh, Catherine
AU  - Protopapa, Silvia
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Geballe, Thomas R.
AU  - Alvarez-Candal, Alvaro
AU  - Merlin, Frédéric
AU  - Barucci, Maria A.
T1  - A search for ethane on Pluto and Triton
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 208
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 412
EP  - 424
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present here a search for solid ethane, C2H6, on the surfaces of Pluto and Triton, based on near-infrared spectral observations in the H and K bands (1.4–2.45μm) using the Very Large Telescope (VLT) and the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT). We model each surface using a radiative transfer model based on Hapke theory (Hapke, B. [1993]. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK) with three basic models: without ethane, with pure ethane, and with ethane diluted in nitrogen. On Pluto we detect weak features near 2.27, 2.405, 2.457, and 2.461μm that match the strongest features of pure ethane. An additional feature seen at 2.317μm is shifted to longer wavelengths than ethane by at least 0.002μm. The strength of the features seen in the models suggests that pure ethane is limited to no more than a few percent of the surface of Pluto. On Triton, features in the H band could potentially be explained by ethane diluted in , however, the lack of corresponding features in the K band makes this unlikely (also noted by Quirico et al. (Quirico, E., Doute, S., Schmitt, B., de Bergh, C., Cruikshank, D.P., Owen, T.C., Geballe, T.R., Roush, T.L. [1999]. Icarus 139, 159–178)). While Cruikshank et al. (Cruikshank, D.P., Mason, R.E., Dalle Ore, C.M., Bernstein, M.P., Quirico, E., Mastrapa, R.M., Emery, J.P., Owen, T.C. [2006]. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 38, 518) find that the 2.406-μm feature on Triton could not be completely due to 13CO, our models show that it could not be accounted for entirely by ethane either. The multiple origin of this feature complicates constraints on the contribution of ethane for both bodies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - PLANETS -- Spectra
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - TRITON (Satellite)
KW  - Pluto, Surface
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Triton
N1  - Accession Number: 51158292; DeMeo, Francesca E. 1; Email Address: francesca.demeo@obspm.fr Dumas, Christophe 2 de Bergh, Catherine 1 Protopapa, Silvia 3 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Geballe, Thomas R. 5 Alvarez-Candal, Alvaro 2 Merlin, Frédéric 6 Barucci, Maria A. 1; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, 5, Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon Principal Cedex, France  2: ESO, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile  3: Max-Planck-Institute for Solar System Research, Max-Planck-Str. 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: Gemini Observatory, 670 North A’ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA  6: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 208 Issue 1, p412; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Spectra; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: TRITON (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triton; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.01.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McLaughlin, Dennis K.
AU  - Bridges, James
AU  - Ching-Wen Kuo
T1  - On the scaling of small, heat simulated jet noise measurements to moderate size exhaust jets.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 627
EP  - 654
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Modern military aircraft jet engines are designed with variable geometry nozzles to provide optimum thrust in different operating conditions, depending on the flight envelope. However, the acoustic measurements for such nozzles are scarce, due to the cost involved in making full scale measurements and the lack of details about the exact geometry of these nozzles. Thus the present effort at The Pennsylvania State University and the NASA Glenn Research Center in partnership with GE Aviation is aiming to study and characterize the acoustic field produced by supersonic jets issuing from converging-diverging military style nozzles. An equally important objective is to validate methodology for using data obtained from small and moderate scale experiments to reliably predict the most important components of full scale engine noise. The experimental results presented show reasonable agreement between small scale and moderate scale jet acoustic data, as well as between heated jets and heat-simulated ones. Unresolved issues however are identified that are currently receiving our attention, in particular the effect of the small bypass ratio airflow. Future activities will identify and test promising noise reduction techniques in an effort to predict how well such concepts will work with full scale engines in flight conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - JET engines
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - ATOMIZERS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 51212524; McLaughlin, Dennis K. 1; Email Address: dkm2@psu.edu Bridges, James 2 Ching-Wen Kuo 3; Affiliation:  1: Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Penn State University, University Park, PA 168; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 9 Issue 4/5, p627; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: ATOMIZERS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parnell, John
AU  - Taylor, Colin W.
AU  - Thackrey, Scott
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
T1  - Permeability data for impact breccias imply focussed hydrothermal fluid flow
JO  - Journal for Geochemical Exploration
JF  - Journal for Geochemical Exploration
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 106
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 175
SN  - 03756742
AB  - Abstract: New measurements of permeability from 14 samples of impact breccia in meteorite impact craters all indicate values of 1mD or lower. These values are low and suggest that fluid flow through impact craters, evidenced by hydrothermal systems in numerous craters, is predominantly through fracture systems. Mineral precipitation by circulating fluids would eventually seal the fractures. The focussing of hydrothermal fluid flow in fractures emphasizes their importance as potential sites for microbial colonization, and suggests that the sealing minerals are good targets to search for evidence of life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal for Geochemical Exploration is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKS -- Permeability
KW  - BRECCIA
KW  - FLUID inclusions
KW  - METEORITE craters
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - IMPACT craters
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Hydrothermal systems
KW  - Impact crater
KW  - Permeability
N1  - Accession Number: 51435418; Parnell, John 1; Email Address: J.Parnell@abdn.ac.uk Taylor, Colin W. 1 Thackrey, Scott 1 Osinski, Gordon R. 2 Lee, Pascal 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, UK  2: Department of Earth Sciences/Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 106 Issue 1-3, p171; Subject Term: ROCKS -- Permeability; Subject Term: BRECCIA; Subject Term: FLUID inclusions; Subject Term: METEORITE craters; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: IMPACT craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrothermal systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permeability; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gexplo.2009.12.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Wilber, Anne C.
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Sothcott, Victor E.
T1  - Improvement of Surface Longwave Flux Algorithms Used in CERES Processing.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1579
EP  - 1589
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - An improvement was developed and tested for surface longwave flux algorithms used in the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System processing based on lessons learned during the validation of global results of those algorithms. The algorithms involved showed significant overestimation of downward longwave flux for certain regions, especially dry–arid regions during hot times of the day. The primary cause of this overestimation was identified and the algorithms were modified to (i) detect meteorological conditions that would produce an overestimation, and (ii) apply a correction when the overestimation occurred. The application of this correction largely eliminated the positive bias that was observed in earlier validation studies. Comparisons of validation results before and after the application of correction are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - GLOBAL radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ionization
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Fluxes
KW  - Longwave radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 53135280; Gupta, Shashi K. 1; Email Address: shashi.k.gupta@nasa.gov Kratz, David P. 2 Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 2 Wilber, Anne C. 1 Taiping Zhang 1 Sothcott, Victor E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 49 Issue 7, p1579; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: GLOBAL radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Longwave radiation; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JAMC2463.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Everhart, Joel L.
AU  - Greene, Francis A.
T1  - Turbulent Supersonic/Hypersonic Heating Correlations for Open and Closed Cavities.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/07//Jul/Aug2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 545
EP  - 553
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An analysis of existing supersonic/hypersonic zero-pressure-gradient rectangular-geometry cavity heating data is presented, yielding new turbulent open-flow and closed-flow correlations for the floor-averaged heating and the peak endwall heating. Limited data recently acquired from the Space Shuttle Return-to-Flight Program were used to develop the closed-flow correlations. Historical data obtained from the literature, covering an extremely wide range of flow conditions and test facilities, were used to develop the open-cavity heating correlations. The correlations were developed using new parameters derived in terms of cavity geometry and local flow conditions. These parameters are linearly related with a linear correlation coefficient R², which exceeds 0.97 in all cases. Confidence-limit and prediction-limit uncertainty values are provided at the 99% level of significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HEATING
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 53385740; Everhart, Joel L. 1 Greene, Francis A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2010, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p545; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 9 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46877
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - TEITLER, Seth A.
AU  - PAQUE, Julie M.
AU  - CUZZI, Jeffrey N.
AU  - HOGAN, Robert C.
T1  - Statistical tests of chondrule sorting.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 45
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1124
EP  - 1135
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - The variation in sizes of chondrules from one chondrite to the next is thought to be due to some sorting process in the early solar nebula. Hypotheses for the sorting process include chondrule sorting by mass and sorting by some aerodynamic mechanism; one such aerodynamic mechanism is the process of turbulent concentration (TC). We present the results of a series of statistical tests of chondrule data from several different chondrites. The data do not clearly distinguish between various options for the sorting parameter, but we find that the data are inconsistent with being drawn from lognormal or (three-parameter) Weibull distributions in chondrule radius. We also find that all but one of the chondrule data sets tested are consistent with being drawn from the TC distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHONDRULES
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DATA
KW  - LOGNORMAL distribution
KW  - RADIUS (Geometry)
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 64992620; TEITLER, Seth A. 1,2; Email Address: setht@uchicago.edu PAQUE, Julie M. 3 CUZZI, Jeffrey N. 4 HOGAN, Robert C. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA  3: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  4: Space Science Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  5: BAER, Inc., Sonoma, California 95476, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 45 Issue 7, p1124; Subject Term: CHONDRULES; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DATA; Subject Term: LOGNORMAL distribution; Subject Term: RADIUS (Geometry); Subject Term: WEIBULL distribution; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01072.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lian, Yongsheng
AU  - Oyama, Akira
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
T1  - Progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms for aerodynamic problems
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 46
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 199
EP  - 223
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are useful tools in design optimization. Due to their simplicity, ease of use, and suitability for multi-objective design optimization problems, EAs have been applied to design optimization problems from various areas. In this paper we review the recent progress in design optimization using evolutionary algorithms to solve real-world aerodynamic problems. Examples are given in the design of turbo pump, compressor, and micro-air vehicles. The paper covers the following topics that are deemed important to solve a large optimization problem from a practical viewpoint: (1) hybridized approaches to speed up the convergence rate of EAs; (2) the use of surrogate model to reduce the computational cost stemmed from EAs; (3) reliability based design optimization using EAs; and (4) data mining of Pareto-optimal solutions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY computation
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - MICRO air vehicles
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - Data mining
KW  - Evolutionary algorithms
KW  - Multi-objective design optimization
KW  - NASA rotor 67 blade
KW  - Robust and reliability-based design
KW  - Surrogate model
N1  - Accession Number: 50391419; Lian, Yongsheng 1 Oyama, Akira 2 Liou, Meng-Sing 3; Email Address: meng-sing.liou@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA  2: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan  3: MS 5-11, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 46 Issue 5/6, p199; Subject Term: MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY computation; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: DATA mining; Subject Term: MICRO air vehicles; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolutionary algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-objective design optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA rotor 67 blade; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robust and reliability-based design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surrogate model; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2009.08.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Ishkhanova, Galina
AU  - Ishkhanov, George
AU  - Henson, Joan
T1  - Induction of saprophytic behavior in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus granulatus by litter addition in a Pinus contorta (Lodgepole pine) stand in Yellowstone
JO  - Soil Biology & Biochemistry
JF  - Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Y1  - 2010/07//
VL  - 42
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1176
EP  - 1178
AB  - Abstract: In a previous study, we demonstrated that Suillus granulatus exhibits positive growth responses to added litter. From this, we hypothesized that this positive growth response (increased number of EM root tips) would be accompanied by increased activities of enzymes that enable EM fungi to utilize litter as a nutrient source. We tested this hypothesis by adding sterile litter in replicate treatment/control blocks, and assaying cellulase, laccase and phosphatase activities in the dominant fungal species, S. granulatus. We used healthy, growing EM roots for both treatment and control assays. Activities of all enzymes increased significantly in response to litter addition (P < 0.05 laccase; P < 0.01 cellulase; P < 0.001 phosphatase). Hence, litter accumulation apparently causes functional as well as structural changes to the EM fungal community that would significantly affect carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Soil Biology & Biochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SAPROPHYTISM
KW  - ECTOMYCORRHIZAS
KW  - FOREST litter
KW  - LODGEPOLE pine
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - PHOSPHATASES
KW  - LACCASE
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
KW  - Ectomycorrhiza
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Litter addition
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 50396718; Cullings, Ken 1; Email Address: cullings1@earthlink.net Ishkhanova, Galina 1 Ishkhanov, George 1 Henson, Joan 2; Email Address: jhenson@montana.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Microbiology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 42 Issue 7, p1176; Subject Term: SAPROPHYTISM; Subject Term: ECTOMYCORRHIZAS; Subject Term: FOREST litter; Subject Term: LODGEPOLE pine; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: PHOSPHATASES; Subject Term: LACCASE; Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhiza; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Litter addition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Zehe, Michael
AU  - L. Jaffe, Richard
T1  - Theoretical Calculation of Jet Fuel Thermochemistry. 1. Tetrahydrodicylopentadiene (JP10) Thermochemistry Using the CBS-QB3 and G3(MP2)//B3LYP Methods.
JO  - Journal of Organic Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Organic Chemistry
Y1  - 2010/07/02/
VL  - 75
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 4387
EP  - 4391
SN  - 00223263
AB  - High-level ab initio calculations have been performed on the exo and endo isomers of gas-phase tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (THDCPD), a principal component of the jet fuel JPIO, using the Gaussian Gx and Gx(MPx) composite methods, as well as the CBS-QB3 method, and using a variety of isodesmic and homodesmotic reaction schemes. The impetus for this work is to help resolve large discrepancies existing between literature measurements of the formation enthalpy ΔfH°(298) for exo-THDCPD. We find that use of the isodesmic bond separation reaction C15H16 + I 4CH4 → 12C2H6 yields results for the exo isomer (JP 10) in between the two experimentally accepted values, for the composite methods G3(MP2), G3(MP2)//B3LYP, and CBS-QB3. Application of this same isodesmic bond separation scheme togas-phase adamantane yields a value for AfH°(298) within 5 kJ/mol of experiment. lsodesmic bond separation calculations for the endo isomer give a heat of formation in excellent agreement with the experimental measurement. Combining our calculated values for the gas-phase heat of formation with recent measurements of the heat of vaporization yields recommended values for AfH°(298)Iiq of -126.4 and -114.7 kJ/mol for the exo and endo isomers, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Organic Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT of formation
KW  - JET planes -- Fuel
KW  - GAUSSIAN measures
KW  - ADAMANTANE
KW  - HEATS of vaporization
N1  - Accession Number: 52237547; J. Zehe, Michael 1; Email Address: michae.j.zehe@nasa.gov L. Jaffe, Richard 2; Email Address: richard.l.jaffe@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 7/2/2010, Vol. 75 Issue 13, p4387; Subject Term: HEAT of formation; Subject Term: JET planes -- Fuel; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN measures; Subject Term: ADAMANTANE; Subject Term: HEATS of vaporization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/jo100050w
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alberto G. Fair&#00E9;n
AU  - Vincent Chevrier
AU  - Oleg Abramov
AU  - Giuseppe A. Marzo
AU  - Patricia Gavin
AU  - Alfonso F. Davila
AU  - Livio L. Tornabene
AU  - Janice L. Bishop
AU  - Ted L. Roush
AU  - Christoph Gross
AU  - Thomas Kneissl
AU  - Esther R. Uceda
AU  - James M. Dohm
AU  - Dirk Schulze-Makuch
AU  - J. Alexis P. Rodr&#00ED;guez
AU  - Ricardo Amils
AU  - Christopher P. McKay
T1  - Noachian and more recent phyllosilicates in impact craters on Mars.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/07/06/
VL  - 107
IS  - 27
M3  - Article
SP  - 12095
EP  - 12100
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Hundreds of impact craters on Mars contain diverse phyllosilicates, interpreted as excavation products of preexisting subsurface deposits following impact and crater formation. This has been used to argue that the conditions conducive to phyllosilicate synthesis, which require the presence of abundant and long-lasting liquid water, were only met early in the history of the planet, during the Noachian period (> 3.6 Gy ago), and that aqueous environments were widespread then. Here we test this hypothesis by examining the excavation process of hydrated minerals by impact events on Mars and analyzing the stability of phyllosilicates against the impact-induced thermal shock. To do so, we first compare the infrared spectra of thermally altered phyllosilicates with those of hydrated minerals known to occur in craters on Mars and then analyze the postshock temperatures reached during impact crater excavation. Our results show that phyllosilicates can resist the postshock temperatures almost everywhere in the crater, except under particular conditions in a central area in and near the point of impact. We conclude that most phyllosilicates detected inside impact craters on Mars are consistent with excavated preexisting sediments, supporting the hypothesis of a primeval and long-lasting global aqueous environment. When our analyses are applied to specific impact craters on Mars, we are able to identify both pre- and post-impact phyllosilicates, therefore extending the time of local phyllosilicate synthesis to post-Noachian times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - IMPACT craters
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - hydrothermal activity
KW  - impact cratering
KW  - Martian clays
N1  - Accession Number: 52462804; Alberto G. Fair&#00E9;n 1,2; Email Address: alberto.g.fairen@nasa.gov Vincent Chevrier 3 Oleg Abramov 4 Giuseppe A. Marzo 2,5 Patricia Gavin 3 Alfonso F. Davila 1,2 Livio L. Tornabene 6 Janice L. Bishop 1,2 Ted L. Roush 2 Christoph Gross 7 Thomas Kneissl 7 Esther R. Uceda 2 James M. Dohm 8 Dirk Schulze-Makuch 9 J. Alexis P. Rodr&#00ED;guez 10 Ricardo Amils 11 Christopher P. McKay 2; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043;  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035;  3: W. M. Keck Laboratory for Space and Planetary Simulation, Arkansas Space Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701  4: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476  6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  7: Institute for Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Freie Universität Berlin, Malteserstrasse 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany  8: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  9: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164  10: Planetary Science Institute, 1700E Fort Lowell, Tucson, AZ 85719  11: Centro de Astrobiolog&#00ED;a, 28850-Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain; Source Info: 7/6/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 27, p12095; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: IMPACT craters; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrothermal activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martian clays; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1002889107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carballido, Augusto
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Hogan, Robert C.
T1  - Relative velocities of solids in a turbulent protoplanetary disc.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/07/11/
VL  - 405
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2339
EP  - 2344
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations to measure relative speeds of solids in a protoplanetary disc with turbulence generated by the magnetorotational instability. Relative velocities are calculated as functions of particle Stokes number St, which measures the aerodynamic coupling to the gas. When relative velocities are calculated between two particles i and j such that and , the data matches the analytical model of Ormel & Cuzzi. However, if corresponds to two particles with the same St, only the data for the more loosely coupled solids (i.e. those with large St) follow the model. The discrepancy at the low- St end can be attributed to: (i) the numerical disc model's coarse resolution, which is unable to probe smaller turbulent eddies and, therefore, the dominant contribution to the particle relative velocities is given by the interpolation of the gas velocity inside the grid cells; (ii) the sparse particle sampling, which prevents the measurement of relative velocities between two particles in the same place at the same time. The distribution of turbulence-induced relative speeds can have a wide spread of values, which may lead to particle shattering, subject to the turbulent gas velocity. Codes such as the one used in this work, in general, underestimate relative velocities in turbulence for particles with because they lack energy on short time-scales (relative to a Kolmogorov spectrum). In making comparisons with theory, it is important to use the exact numerical energy spectrum instead of assuming a Kolmogorov inertial range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - diffusion
KW  - MHD
KW  - protoplanetary discs
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 51877787; Carballido, Augusto 1; Email Address: augusto@astroscu.unam.mx Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 2 Hogan, Robert C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-264, Cd. Universitaria, México D. F. 04510, Mexico.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA.; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 405 Issue 4, p2339; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: MHD; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16653.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harker, Geraint
AU  - Zaroubi, Saleem
AU  - Bernardi, Gianni
AU  - Brentjens, Michiel A.
AU  - de Bruyn, A. G.
AU  - Ciardi, Benedetta
AU  - Jelié, Vibor
AU  - Koopmans, Leon V. E.
AU  - Labropoulos, Panagiotis
AU  - Mellema, Garrelt
AU  - Offringa, André
AU  - Pandey, V. N.
AU  - Pawlik, Andreas H.
AU  - Schaye, Joop
AU  - Thomas, Rajat M.
AU  - Yatawatta, Sarod
T1  - Power spectrum extraction for redshifted 21-cm Epoch of Reionization experiments: the LOFAR case.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/07/11/
VL  - 405
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2492
EP  - 2504
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - One of the aims of the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) Epoch of Reionization (EoR) project is to measure the power spectrum of variations in the intensity of redshifted 21-cm radiation from the EoR. The sensitivity with which this power spectrum can be estimated depends on the level of thermal noise and sample variance, and also on the systematic errors arising from the extraction process, in particular from the subtraction of foreground contamination. We model the extraction process using realistic simulations of the cosmological signal, the foregrounds and noise, and so estimate the sensitivity of the LOFAR EoR experiment to the redshifted 21-cm power spectrum. Detection of emission from the EoR should be possible within 360 h of observation with a single station beam. Integrating for longer, and synthesizing multiple station beams within the primary (tile) beam, then enables us to extract progressively more accurate estimates of the power at a greater range of scales and redshifts. We discuss different observational strategies which compromise between depth of observation, sky coverage and frequency coverage. A plan in which lower frequencies receive a larger fraction of the time appears to be promising. We also study the nature of the bias which foreground fitting errors induce on the inferred power spectrum and discuss how to reduce and correct for this bias. The angular and line-of-sight power spectra have different merits in this respect, and we suggest considering them separately in the analysis of LOFAR data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - RED shift
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - cosmology: theory
KW  - diffuse radiation
KW  - diffuse radiation -methods: statistical
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - radio lines: general
N1  - Accession Number: 51877808; Harker, Geraint 1,2; Email Address: geraint.harker@colorado.edu Zaroubi, Saleem 3 Bernardi, Gianni 4 Brentjens, Michiel A. 3 de Bruyn, A. G. 3,5 Ciardi, Benedetta 6 Jelié, Vibor 3 Koopmans, Leon V. E. 3 Labropoulos, Panagiotis 3 Mellema, Garrelt 7 Offringa, André 3 Pandey, V. N. 3 Pawlik, Andreas H. 8,9 Schaye, Joop 8 Thomas, Rajat M. 10 Yatawatta, Sarod 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA.  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700AV Groningen, the Netherlands.  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.  5: ASTRON, Postbus 2, 7990AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands.  6: Max-Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straßse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.  7: Department of Astronomy and Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.  8: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300RA Leiden, the Netherlands.  9: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA.  10: Institute for Mathematics and Physics of Universe (IPMU), University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan.; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 405 Issue 4, p2492; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffuse radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffuse radiation -methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio lines: general; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16628.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - García-Lorenzo, B.
AU  - Eff-Darwich, A.
AU  - Castro-Almazán, J.
AU  - Pinilla-Alonso, N.
AU  - Muñoz-Tuñón, C.
AU  - Rodríguez-Espinosa, J. M.
T1  - Infrared astronomical characteristics of the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory: precipitable water vapour statistics.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/07/11/
VL  - 405
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2683
EP  - 2696
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present measurements of the atmospheric water vapour content above the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory (ORM) obtained using the Global Positioning System (GPS). The GPS measurements have been evaluated by comparison with 940-nm radiometer observations. A statistical analysis of the GPS measurements points to the ORM as an observing site with suitable conditions for infrared observations, with a median column of precipitable water vapour (PWV) of 3.8 mm. PWV presents a clear seasonal behaviour, with winter and spring being the best seasons for infrared observations. The percentage of nights showing PWV values less than 3 mm is over 60 per cent in February, March and April. We have also estimated the temporal variability of water vapour content at the ORM. We present a summary of PWV statistical results at different astronomical sites, noting that these values are not directly comparable as a result of the differences in the techniques used to recorded the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - infrared: general
KW  - instrumentation: miscellaneous
KW  - site testing
N1  - Accession Number: 51877790; García-Lorenzo, B. 1,2; Email Address: bgarcia@iac.es Eff-Darwich, A. 3 Castro-Almazán, J. 1 Pinilla-Alonso, N. 4 Muñoz-Tuñón, C. 1,2 Rodríguez-Espinosa, J. M. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Via Lactea S/N, 38305-La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.  2: Dept. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, C/Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain.  3: Dept. Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, C/ Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffet Field, 94035-1000, CA, USA.; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 405 Issue 4, p2683; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumentation: miscellaneous; Author-Supplied Keyword: site testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16649.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - P.  Vítek
T1  - Microbial colonization of halite from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert studied by Raman spectroscopy.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2010/07/13/
VL  - 368
IS  - 1922
M3  - Article
SP  - 3205
EP  - 3221
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - The hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert (Chile) is the driest place on Earth and is considered a close analogue to the extremely arid conditions on the surface of Mars. Microbial life is very rare in soils of this hyper-arid region, and autotrophic micro-organisms are virtually absent. Instead, photosynthetic micro-organisms have successfully colonized the interior of halite crusts, which are widespread in the Atacama Desert. These endoevaporitic colonies are an example of life that has adapted to the extreme dryness by colonizing the interior of rocks that provide enhanced moisture conditions. As such, these colonies represent a novel example of potential life on Mars. Here, we present non-destructive Raman spectroscopical identification of these colonies and their organic remnants. Spectral signatures revealed the presence of UV-protective biomolecules as well as light-harvesting pigments pointing to photosynthetic activity. Compounds of biogenic origin identified within these rocks differed depending on the origins of specimens from particular areas in the desert, with differing environmental conditions. Our results also demonstrate the capability of Raman spectroscopy to identify biomarkers within rocks that have a strong astrobiological potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLONIZATION
KW  - SALT
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
N1  - Accession Number: 51345660; P.  Vítek 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral Resources,  Charles University in Prague, , Albertov 6, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic.  Centre for Astrobiology and Extremophiles Research, School of Life Sciences,  University of Bradford, , Bradford BD7 1DP, UK.  Instituto de Recursos Naturales,  CCMA, CSIC, , c/Serrano 115, 28006 Madrid, Spain.  Area Geodinamica Interna, Facultad de Humanidades y Educacion,  Universidad de Burgos, , c/Villadiego s/n, 09001 Burgos, Spain.  SETI Institute—NASA Ames Research Center, , MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 368 Issue 1922, p3205; Subject Term: COLONIZATION; Subject Term: SALT; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richards, J. L.
AU  - Max-Moerbeck, W.
AU  - Pavlidou, V.
AU  - Pearson, T. J.
AU  - Readhead, A. C. S.
AU  - Stevenson, M. A.
AU  - Healey, S. E.
AU  - Romani, R. W.
AU  - Shaw, M. S.
AU  - Fuhrmann, L.
AU  - Angelakis, E.
AU  - Zensus, J. A.
AU  - Grainge, K.
AU  - Taylor, G. B.
AU  - Scargle, J. D.
T1  - 15 GHz Monitoring of Gamma-ray Blazars with the OVRO 40 Meter Telescope in Support of Fermi.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/07/15/
VL  - 1248
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 504
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Since mid-2007, we have been monitoring ∼1200 sources at 15 GHz with the 40 M Telescope at the Owens Valley Radio Observatory. Our sample, mostly blazars, is monitored at least twice per week, yielding densely-sampled light curves. A large fraction of the sources in our sample exhibit significant variation in 15 GHz flux density, enabling variability studies and cross-correlations with other bands. Additionally, many have been detected by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We compare our data with gamma-ray data from Fermi and find a statistically significant flux density correlation after accounting for red shift and selection biases using a new Monte Carlo method. The OVRO program is a part of the F-GAMMA project, which also obtains monthly 2.6–270 GHz radio spectra for a smaller, overlapping blazar sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - RED shift
KW  - TELESCOPES
N1  - Accession Number: 52413891; Richards, J. L. 1 Max-Moerbeck, W. 1 Pavlidou, V. 1 Pearson, T. J. 1 Readhead, A. C. S. 1 Stevenson, M. A. 1 Healey, S. E. 2 Romani, R. W. 2 Shaw, M. S. 2 Fuhrmann, L. 3 Angelakis, E. 3 Zensus, J. A. 3 Grainge, K. 4 Taylor, G. B. 5 Scargle, J. D. 6; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.  2: Department of Physics/KIPAC, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.  3: Max-Planck-Institut-für-Radioastronomie, Bonn 53121, Germany.  4: Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: 7/15/2010, Vol. 1248 Issue 1, p503; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3475321
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
AU  - Yost, William T.
T1  - Shape profile of acoustic radiation-induced static displacement pulses in solids.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2010/07/15/
VL  - 108
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 013512
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - In a recent article Narasimha et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 105, 073506 (2009)] claim to show that the shape of static displacement pulses generated by ultrasonic tone-bursts in nondispersive solids is that of a growing trapezoid in the spatial domain that leads to a flat-topped pulse shape in the time domain for a fixed spatial position. Flaws in their theoretical arguments are corrected to show that their model actually predicts a right-triangular pulse shape for nondispersive monocrystals in both the spatial and time domains as originally reported by Yost and Cantrell [Phys. Rev. B 30, 3221 (1984)] and Cantrell et al. [Phys. Rev. B 35, 9780 (1987)]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiation
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - STATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 52235343; Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov Yost, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681 USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 108 Issue 1, p013512; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiation; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: STATICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3457850
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BROWNING, GRANT
AU  - CARLSSON, LEIF A.
AU  - RATCLIFFE, JAMES G.
T1  - Redesign of the ECT Test for Mode III Delamination Testing. Part I: Finite Element Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2010/07/15/
VL  - 44
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1867
EP  - 1881
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A series of finite element analyses (Part I) and tests (Part II) on various modifications of the edge crack torsion (ECT) test have been conducted in an effort to render the test more suitable for characterizing mode III delamination in laminated composites. To this end, two ECT specimen configurations were considered. The first configuration involves loading the specimen at a single location, and the second configuration involves a symmetric double load point application. Investigations were conducted on the effect of specimen overhang, along the length and width direction, on the inferred strain energy release rate distributions across the delamination front. Stress distributions in the vicinity of the delamination front were used to infer the corresponding modes I, II, and III strain energy release rate distributions. Results indicate the single and double loading configurations exhibiting similar stress distributions along the delamination front. Specimens with short crack lengths and small amounts of overhang yielded the most uniform distribution of mode III loading along the delamination front. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - TEST methods
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - composite laminates
KW  - delamination
KW  - finite element analysis
KW  - mode III
KW  - test method
N1  - Accession Number: 51995949; BROWNING, GRANT 1 CARLSSON, LEIF A. 2 RATCLIFFE, JAMES G. 2; Email Address: james.g.ratcliffe@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Resident at NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 44 Issue 15, p1867; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: TEST methods; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: STRESS concentration; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: composite laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: mode III; Author-Supplied Keyword: test method; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0021998309356606
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alperin, Marc
AU  - Hoehler, Tori
T1  - The Ongoing Mystery of Sea-Floor Methane.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/07/16/
VL  - 329
IS  - 5989
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 289
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses sea-floor methane which is produced in the ocean sediments. According to the authors, much of the methane is consumed by anaerobic microorganisms as it diffuses up through oxygen-poor (anoxic) sediments. The process, which is called anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO), is poorly understood and little is known about its reaction mechanism or the factors controlling oxidation rates. Topics include an overview of AMO studies that have focused on dynamic seep sediments, which are areas where rapid advection of methane-rich fluids is able to support dense populations of microorganisms, and a discussion on the similarity between microbial mechanisms and processes in quiescent sediments and dynamic seeps.
KW  - METHANOTROPHS
KW  - REACTION mechanisms (Chemistry)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - METHANE
KW  - MARINE sediments -- Microbiology
KW  - ANAEROBIC bacteria -- Molecular aspects
KW  - OXIDATION-reduction reaction
KW  - ANOXIC zones
KW  - OCEAN bottom
N1  - Accession Number: 52621732; Alperin, Marc 1; Email Address: alperin@email.unc.edu Hoehler, Tori 2; Email Address: tori.m.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/16/2010, Vol. 329 Issue 5989, p288; Subject Term: METHANOTROPHS; Subject Term: REACTION mechanisms (Chemistry); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: MARINE sediments -- Microbiology; Subject Term: ANAEROBIC bacteria -- Molecular aspects; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Subject Term: ANOXIC zones; Subject Term: OCEAN bottom; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1189966
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamaleev, Nail K.
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
T1  - Local-in-time adjoint-based method for design optimization of unsteady flows
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2010/07/20/
VL  - 229
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 5394
EP  - 5407
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: We present a new local-in-time discrete adjoint-based methodology for solving design optimization problems arising in unsteady aerodynamic applications. The new methodology circumvents storage requirements associated with the straightforward implementation of a global adjoint-based optimization method that stores the entire flow solution history for all time levels. This storage cost may quickly become prohibitive for large-scale applications. The key idea of the local-in-time method is to divide the entire time interval into several subintervals and to approximate the solution of the unsteady adjoint equations and the sensitivity derivative as a combination of the corresponding local quantities computed on each time subinterval. Since each subinterval contains relatively few time levels, the storage cost of the local-in-time method is much lower than that of the global methods, thus making the time-dependent adjoint optimization feasible for practical applications. Another attractive feature of the new technique is that the converged solution obtained with the local-in-time method is a local extremum of the original optimization problem. The new method carries no computational overhead as compared with the global implementation of adjoint-based methods. The paper presents a detailed comparison of the global- and local-in-time adjoint-based methods for design optimization problems governed by the unsteady compressible 2-D Euler equations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - DISCRETE-time systems
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - CONJUGATE gradient methods
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - Design optimization
KW  - Discrete adjoint equations
KW  - Euler equations
KW  - Gradient methods
KW  - Time-dependent optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 50714990; Yamaleev, Nail K. 1; Email Address: nkyamale@ncat.edu Diskin, Boris 2,3 Nielsen, Eric J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  4: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2010, Vol. 229 Issue 14, p5394; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: DISCRETE-time systems; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: CONJUGATE gradient methods; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete adjoint equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Euler equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gradient methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-dependent optimization; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.03.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Georgiadis, Nicholas J.
AU  - Rizzetta, Donald P.
AU  - Fureby, Christer
T1  - Large-Eddy Simulation: Current Capabilities, Recommended Practices, and Future Research.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 48
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1772
EP  - 1784
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Usage of large-eddy simulation (LES) methods for calculation of turbulent flows has increased substantially in recent years. This paper attempts to 1) provide an assessment of the current capabilities of LES, 2) outline some recommended practices for using LES, and 3) identify future research needs. The assessment considers flow problems for which LES can be successfully applied today and flow problems for which LES still has limitations. The availability of LES and hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)/LES in general-purpose codes is discussed. Several important issues for which the LES community has not yet reached a consensus are discussed. These include grid sensitivity studies, application of unstructured grid methods, upwind-biased solvers, and turbulence (subgrid) modeling including continuous hybrid RANS/LES approaches. A section on recommended practices and key considerations tries to provide guidance on some of the important items that need to be addressed in using LES. The paper concludes with a discussion of future research directions, with a focus on work needed to advance the capabilities and reliability of LES for analysis of turbulent flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 52939727; Georgiadis, Nicholas J. 1,2 Rizzetta, Donald P. 1,3 Fureby, Christer 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Associate Fellow AIAA  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433  4: Swedish Defense Research Agency--FOI, 147 25 Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 48 Issue 8, p1772; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050232
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bortnik, J.
AU  - Bleier, T. E.
AU  - Dunson, C.
AU  - Freund, F.
T1  - Estimating the seismotelluric current required for observable electromagnetic ground signals.
JO  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
JF  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 28
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1615
EP  - 1624
SN  - 09927689
AB  - We use a relatively simple model of an underground current source co-located with the earthquake hypocenter to estimate the magnitude of the seismotelluric current required to produce observable ground signatures. The Alum Rock earthquake of 31 October 2007, is used as an archetype of a typical California earthquake, and the effects of varying the ground conductivity and length of the current element are examined. Results show that for an observed 30 nT pulse at 1 Hz, the expected seismotelluric current magnitudes fall in the range ~10-100 kA. By setting the detectability threshold to 1 pT, we show that even when large values of ground conductivity are assumed, magnetic signals are readily detectable within a range of 30 km from the epicenter. When typical values of ground conductivity are assumed, the minimum current required to produce an observable signal within a 30 km range was found to be ~1 kA, which is a surprisingly low value. Furthermore, we show that deep nulls in the signal power develop in the non-cardinal directions relative to the orientation of the source current, indicating that a magnetometer station located in those regions may not observe a signal even though it is well within the detectable range. This result underscores the importance of using a network of magnetometers when searching for preseismic electromagnetic signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annales Geophysicae (09927689) is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC devices
KW  - ALUNITE
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - NATURAL disasters
KW  - MAGNETOMETERS
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Electromagnetics (Wave propagation)
N1  - Accession Number: 55424318; Bortnik, J. 1; Email Address: jbortnik@gmail.com Bleier, T. E. 2 Dunson, C. 2 Freund, F. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Room 7115 Math Sciences Bldg., UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA  2: QuakeFinder LLC., 250 Cambridge Ave., Suite 204, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 28 Issue 8, p1615; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC devices; Subject Term: ALUNITE; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: NATURAL disasters; Subject Term: MAGNETOMETERS; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetics (Wave propagation); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/angeo-28-1615-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55424318&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mengshoel, Ole J.
T1  - Understanding the scalability of Bayesian network inference using clique tree growth curves
JO  - Artificial Intelligence
JF  - Artificial Intelligence
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 174
IS  - 12/13
M3  - Article
SP  - 984
EP  - 1006
SN  - 00043702
AB  - Abstract: One of the main approaches to performing computation in Bayesian networks (BNs) is clique tree clustering and propagation. The clique tree approach consists of propagation in a clique tree compiled from a BN, and while it was introduced in the 1980s, there is still a lack of understanding of how clique tree computation time depends on variations in BN size and structure. In this article, we improve this understanding by developing an approach to characterizing clique tree growth as a function of parameters that can be computed in polynomial time from BNs, specifically: (i) the ratio of the number of a BN''s non-root nodes to the number of root nodes, and (ii) the expected number of moral edges in their moral graphs. Analytically, we partition the set of cliques in a clique tree into different sets, and introduce a growth curve for the total size of each set. For the special case of bipartite BNs, there are two sets and two growth curves, a mixed clique growth curve and a root clique growth curve. In experiments, where random bipartite BNs generated using the BPART algorithm are studied, we systematically increase the out-degree of the root nodes in bipartite Bayesian networks, by increasing the number of leaf nodes. Surprisingly, root clique growth is well-approximated by Gompertz growth curves, an S-shaped family of curves that has previously been used to describe growth processes in biology, medicine, and neuroscience. We believe that this research improves the understanding of the scaling behavior of clique tree clustering for a certain class of Bayesian networks; presents an aid for trade-off studies of clique tree clustering using growth curves; and ultimately provides a foundation for benchmarking and developing improved BN inference and machine learning algorithms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Intelligence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCALABILITY (Systems engineering)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - INFERENCE (Logic)
KW  - TREE graphs
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - -ratio
KW  - Bayesian networks
KW  - Clique tree clustering
KW  - Clique tree growth
KW  - Continuous approximation
KW  - Controlled experiments
KW  - Gompertz growth curves
KW  - Probabilistic reasoning
KW  - Regression
N1  - Accession Number: 51845831; Mengshoel, Ole J. 1; Email Address: Ole.Mengshoel@sv.cmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Carnegie Mellon University, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 174 Issue 12/13, p984; Subject Term: SCALABILITY (Systems engineering); Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: INFERENCE (Logic); Subject Term: TREE graphs; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Author-Supplied Keyword: -ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clique tree clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clique tree growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Continuous approximation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Controlled experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gompertz growth curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic reasoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regression; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.artint.2010.05.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51845831&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alwood, J.S.
AU  - Yumoto, K.
AU  - Mojarrab, R.
AU  - Limoli, C.L.
AU  - Almeida, E.A.C.
AU  - Searby, N.D.
AU  - Globus, R.K.
T1  - Heavy ion irradiation and unloading effects on mouse lumbar vertebral microarchitecture, mechanical properties and tissue stresses
JO  - BONE
JF  - BONE
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 47
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 248
EP  - 255
SN  - 87563282
AB  - Abstract: Astronauts are exposed to both musculoskeletal disuse and heavy ion radiation in space. Disuse alters the magnitude and direction of forces placed upon the skeleton causing bone remodeling, while energy deposited by ionizing radiation causes free radical formation and can lead to DNA strand breaks and oxidative damage to tissues. Radiation and disuse each result in a net loss of mineralized tissue in the adult, although the combined effects, subsequent consequences for mechanical properties and potential for recovery may differ. First, we examined how a high dose (2Gy) of heavy ion radiation (56Fe) causes loss of mineralized tissue in the lumbar vertebrae of skeletally mature (4months old), male, C57BL/6 mice using microcomputed tomography and determined the influence of structural changes on mechanical properties using whole bone compression tests and finite element analyses. Next, we tested if a low dose (0.5Gy) of heavy particle radiation prevents skeletal recovery from a 14-day period of hindlimb unloading. Irradiation with a high dose of 56Fe (2Gy) caused bone loss (−14%) in the cancellous-rich centrum of the fourth lumbar vertebra (L4) 1month later, increased trabecular stresses (+27%), increased the propensity for trabecular buckling and shifted stresses to the cortex. As expected, hindlimb unloading (14days) alone adversely affected microarchitectural and mechanical stiffness of lumbar vertebrae, although the reduction in yield force was not statistically significant (−17%). Irradiation with a low dose of 56Fe (0.5Gy) did not affect vertebrae in normally loaded mice, but significantly reduced compressive yield force in vertebrae of unloaded mice relative to sham-irradiated controls (−24%). Irradiation did not impair the recovery of trabecular bone volume fraction that occurs after hindlimb unloaded mice are released to ambulate normally, although microarchitectural differences persisted 28days later (96% increase in ratio of rod- to plate-like trabeculae). In summary, 56Fe irradiation (0.5Gy) of unloaded mice contributed to a reduction in compressive strength and partially prevented recovery of cancellous microarchitecture from adaptive responses of lumbar vertebrae to skeletal unloading. Thus, irradiation with heavy ions may accelerate or worsen the loss of skeletal integrity triggered by musculoskeletal disuse. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of BONE is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION -- Physiological effect
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - BONE mechanics
KW  - BONE remodeling
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - Finite element analysis
KW  - Hindlimb unloading
KW  - Mechanical testing
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 52206899; Alwood, J.S. 1,2; Email Address: alwood@gmail.com Yumoto, K. 2,3; Email Address: kenjiyum@umich.edu Mojarrab, R. 2; Email Address: rose_moj@yahoo.com Limoli, C.L. 3; Email Address: climoli@uci.edu Almeida, E.A.C. 2; Email Address: e.almeida@nasa.gov Searby, N.D. 2; Email Address: nancy.d.searby@nasa.gov Globus, R.K. 2; Email Address: ruth.k.globus@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: Bone and Signaling Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 47 Issue 2, p248; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: BONE mechanics; Subject Term: BONE remodeling; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hindlimb unloading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bone.2010.05.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Andrew
AU  - Lissauer, Jack
T1  - Orbital stability of systems of closely-spaced planets, II: configurations with coorbital planets.
JO  - Celestial Mechanics & Dynamical Astronomy
JF  - Celestial Mechanics & Dynamical Astronomy
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 107
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 487
EP  - 500
SN  - 09232958
AB  - We numerically investigate the stability of systems of 1 $${{\rm M}_{\oplus}}$$ planets orbiting a solar-mass star. The systems studied have either 2 or 42 planets per occupied semimajor axis, for a total of 6, 10, 126, or 210 planets, and the planets were started on coplanar, circular orbits with the semimajor axes of the innermost planets at 1 AU. For systems with two planets per occupied orbit, the longitudinal initial locations of planets on a given orbit were separated by either 60° (Trojan planets) or 180°. With 42 planets per semimajor axis, initial longitudes were uniformly spaced. The ratio of the semimajor axes of consecutive coorbital groups in each system was approximately uniform. The instability time for a system was taken to be the first time at which the orbits of two planets with different initial orbital distances crossed. Simulations spanned virtual times of up to 1 × 108, 5 × 105, and 2 × 105 years for the 6- and 10-planet, 126-planet, and 210-planet systems, respectively. Our results show that, for a given class of system (e.g., five pairs of Trojan planets orbiting in the same direction), the relationship between orbit crossing times and planetary spacing is well fit by the functional form log( t c/ t0) = b β + c, where t c is the crossing time, t0 = 1 year, β is the separation in initial orbital semimajor axis (in terms of the mutual Hill radii of the planets), and b and c are fitting constants. The same functional form was observed in the previous studies of single planets on nested orbits (Smith and Lissauer 2009). Pairs of Trojan planets are more stable than pairs initially separated by 180°. Systems with retrograde planets (i.e., some planets orbiting in the opposite sense from others) can be packed substantially more closely than can systems with all planets orbiting in the same sense. To have the same characteristic lifetime, systems with 2 or 42 planets per orbit typically need to have about 1.5 or 2 times the orbital separation as orbits occupied by single planets, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Celestial Mechanics & Dynamical Astronomy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - STARS
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - MASS (Physics)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - Coorbital planets
KW  - Planetary systems
KW  - Stability
N1  - Accession Number: 52057463; Smith, Andrew 1; Email Address: awsmith@alumni.stanford.edu Lissauer, Jack 2; Affiliation:  1: Deptartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 107 Issue 4, p487; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: MASS (Physics); Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coorbital planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10569-010-9288-0
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bala, Govindasamy
AU  - Caldeira, K.
AU  - Nemani, R.
T1  - Fast versus slow response in climate change: implications for the global hydrological cycle.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 434
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - Recent studies have shown that changes in global mean precipitation are larger for solar forcing than for CO2 forcing of similar magnitude. In this paper, we use an atmospheric general circulation model to show that the differences originate from differing fast responses of the climate system. We estimate the adjusted radiative forcing and fast response using Hansen’s “fixed-SST forcing” method. Total climate system response is calculated using mixed layer simulations using the same model. Our analysis shows that the fast response is almost 40% of the total response for few key variables like precipitation and evaporation. We further demonstrate that the hydrologic sensitivity, defined as the change in global mean precipitation per unit warming, is the same for the two forcings when the fast responses are excluded from the definition of hydrologic sensitivity, suggesting that the slow response (feedback) of the hydrological cycle is independent of the forcing mechanism. Based on our results, we recommend that the fast and slow response be compared separately in multi-model intercomparisons to discover and understand robust responses in hydrologic cycle. The significance of this study to geoengineering is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 52391000; Bala, Govindasamy 1; Email Address: bala.gov@gmail.com Caldeira, K. 2 Nemani, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Divecha Center for Climate Change & Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.  2: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Santa Clara, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 35 Issue 2/3, p423; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 1 Graph, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-009-0583-y
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Methanol droplet extinction in carbon-dioxide-enriched environments in microgravity
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 157
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1439
EP  - 1445
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Diffusive extinction of methanol droplets with initial diameters between 1.25mm and 1.72mm, burning in a quiescent microgravity environment at one atmosphere pressure, was obtained experimentally for varying levels of ambient carbon-dioxide concentrations with a fixed oxygen concentration of 21% and a balance of nitrogen. These experiments serve as precursors to those which are beginning to be performed on the International Space Station and are motivated by the need to understand the effectiveness of carbon-dioxide as a fire suppressant in low-gravity environments. In these experiments, the flame standoff distance, droplet diameter, and flame radiation are measured as functions of time. The results show that the droplet extinction diameter depends on both the initial droplet diameter and the ambient concentration of carbon dioxide. Increasing the initial droplet diameter leads to an increased extinction diameter, while increasing the carbon-dioxide concentration leads to a slight decrease in the extinction diameter. These results are interpreted using a critical Damköhler number for extinction as predicted by an earlier theory, which is extended here to be applicable in the presence of effects of heat conduction along the droplet support fibers and of the volume occupied by the support beads. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANOL as fuel
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - FLAME
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - Carbon-dioxide enriched combustion
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Methanol droplet
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 51811889; Hicks, Michael C. 1 Nayagam, Vedha 2; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov Williams, Forman A. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 157 Issue 8, p1439; Subject Term: METHANOL as fuel; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon-dioxide enriched combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanol droplet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Hogan, Robert C.
AU  - Bottke, William F.
T1  - Towards initial mass functions for asteroids and Kuiper Belt Objects
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 208
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 518
EP  - 538
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Our goal is to understand primary accretion of the first planetesimals. Some examples are seen today in the asteroid belt, providing the parent bodies for the primitive meteorites. The primitive meteorite record suggests that sizeable planetesimals formed over a period longer than a million years, each of which being composed entirely of an unusual, but homogeneous, mixture of millimeter-size particles. We sketch a scenario that might help explain how this occurred, in which primary accretion of 10–100km size planetesimals proceeds directly, if sporadically, from aerodynamically-sorted millimeter-size particles (generically “chondrules”). These planetesimal sizes are in general agreement with the currently observed asteroid mass peak near 100km diameter, which has been identified as a “fossil” property of the pre-erosion, pre-depletion population. We extend our primary accretion theory to make predictions for outer Solar System planetesimals, which may also have a preferred size in the 100km diameter range. We estimate formation rates of planetesimals and explore parameter space to assess the conditions needed to match estimates of both asteroid and Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) formation rates. For parameters that satisfy observed mass accretion rates of Myr-old protoplanetary nebulae, the scenario is roughly consistent with not only the “fossil” sizes of the asteroids, and their estimated production rates, but also with the observed spread in formation ages of chondrules in a given chondrite, and with a tolerably small radial diffusive mixing during this time between formation and accretion. As previously noted, the model naturally helps explain the peculiar size distribution of chondrules within such objects. The optimum range of parameters, however, represents a higher gas density and fractional abundance of solids, and a smaller difference between Keplerian and pressure-supported orbital velocities, than “canonical” models of the solar nebula. We discuss several potential explanations for these differences. The scenario also produces 10–100km diameter primary KBOs, and also requires an enhanced abundance of solids to match the mass production rate estimates for KBOs (and presumably the planetesimal precursors of the ice giants themselves). We discuss the advantages and plausibility of the scenario, outstanding issues, and future directions of research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - STARS -- Initial mass function
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - PROTO-planetary nebulae
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Disks
KW  - Kuiper Belt
KW  - Origin, Solar System
KW  - Planetesimals
N1  - Accession Number: 52213514; Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.cuzzi@nasa.gov Hogan, Robert C. 2 Bottke, William F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, 245-3 Moffett Field, United States  2: Bay Area Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, United States  3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, United States; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 208 Issue 2, p518; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: STARS -- Initial mass function; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: PROTO-planetary nebulae; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper Belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin, Solar System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetesimals; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.005
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marzo, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Tornabene, Livio L.
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Gross, Christoph
AU  - Kneissl, Thomas
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - McKay, Chris P.
T1  - Evidence for Hesperian impact-induced hydrothermalism on Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 208
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 667
EP  - 683
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Several hydrated silicate deposits on Mars are observed within craters and are interpreted as excavated Noachian material. Toro crater (71.8°E, 17.0°N), located on the northern edge of the Syrtis Major Volcanic Plains, shows spectral and morphologic evidence of impact-induced hydrothermal activity. Spectroscopic observations were used to identify extensive hydrated silicate deposits, including prehnite, chlorites, smectites, and opaline material, a suite of phases that frequently results from hydrothermal alteration in terrestrial craters and also expected on Mars from geochemical modeling of hydrothermal environments. When combined with altimetry and high-resolution imaging data, these deposits appear associated predominantly with the central uplift and with portions of the northern part of the crater floor. Detailed geologic mapping of these deposits reveals geomorphic features that are consistent with hydrothermal activity that followed the impact event, including vent-like and conical mound structures, and a complex network of tectonic structures caused by fluid interactions such as fractures and joints. The crater age has been calculated from the cumulative crater size–frequency distributions and is found to be Early Hesperian. The evidence presented here provides support for impact-induced hydrothermal activity in Toro crater, that extends phyllosilicate formation processes beyond the Noachian era. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - SILICATE minerals
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL alteration
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL deposits
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - SIDRA, Gulf of (Libya)
KW  - LIBYA
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Surface
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 52213526; Marzo, Giuseppe A. 1; Email Address: giuseppe.marzo@nasa.gov Davila, Alfonso F. 1,2 Tornabene, Livio L. 3 Dohm, James M. 4 Fairén, Alberto G. 1 Gross, Christoph 5 Kneissl, Thomas 5 Bishop, Janice L. 2 Roush, Ted L. 1 McKay, Chris P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geosciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 208 Issue 2, p667; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SILICATE minerals; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL alteration; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL deposits; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: SIDRA, Gulf of (Libya); Subject Term: LIBYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52213526&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pompilio, Loredana
AU  - Pedrazzi, Giuseppe
AU  - Cloutis, Edward A.
AU  - Craig, Michael A.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
T1  - Exponential Gaussian approach for spectral modelling: The EGO algorithm II. Band asymmetry
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 208
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 811
EP  - 823
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The present investigation is complementary to a previous paper which introduced the EGO approach to spectral modelling of reflectance measurements acquired in the visible and near-IR range (Pompilio, L., Pedrazzi, G., Sgavetti, M., Cloutis, E.A., Craig, M.A., Roush, T.L. [2009]. Icarus, 201 (2), 781–794). Here, we show the performances of the EGO model in attempting to account for temperature-induced variations in spectra, specifically band asymmetry. Our main goals are: (1) to recognize and model thermal-induced band asymmetry in reflectance spectra; (2) to develop a basic approach for decomposition of remotely acquired spectra from planetary surfaces, where effects due to temperature variations are most prevalent; (3) to reduce the uncertainty related to quantitative estimation of band position and depth when band asymmetry is occurring. In order to accomplish these objectives, we tested the EGO algorithm on a number of measurements acquired on powdered pyroxenes at sample temperature ranging from 80 up to 400K. The main results arising from this study are: (1) EGO model is able to numerically account for the occurrence of band asymmetry on reflectance spectra; (2) the returned set of EGO parameters can suggest the influence of some additional effect other than the electronic transition responsible for the absorption feature; (3) the returned set of EGO parameters can help in estimating the surface temperature of a planetary body; (4) the occurrence of absorptions which are less affected by temperature variations can be mapped for minerals and thus used for compositional estimates. Further work is still required in order to analyze the behaviour of the EGO algorithm with respect to temperature-induced band asymmetry using powdered pyroxene spanning a range of compositions and grain sizes and more complex band shapes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - GAUSSIAN measures
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - GEOLOGICAL modeling
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Thermal histories
N1  - Accession Number: 52213536; Pompilio, Loredana 1; Email Address: loredana.pompilio@gmail.com Pedrazzi, Giuseppe 2 Cloutis, Edward A. 3 Craig, Michael A. 4 Roush, Ted L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Strada Inzani, 29, Parma I-43125, Italy  2: Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Fisica, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma I-43100, Italy  3: Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave., Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3B 2E9  4: University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 208 Issue 2, p811; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN measures; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL modeling; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal histories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salem, Jonathan
AU  - Ghosn, Louis
T1  - Measuring Crack Length in Coarse Grain Ceramics.
JO  - International Journal of Fracture
JF  - International Journal of Fracture
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 164
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 319
EP  - 323
SN  - 03769429
AB  - Due to a coarse grain structure, crack lengths in precracked magnesium aluminate (MgAlO4) spinel specimens could not be measured optically, so the crack lengths and fracture toughness were estimated by strain gage measurements. An expression was developed via finite element analysis to correlate the measured strain with crack length in four-point flexure. The fracture toughness estimated by the strain gaged samples and another standardized method were in agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fracture is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - MAGNESIUM group
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SPINEL group
KW  - STRAIN gages
KW  - crack length
KW  - fracture toughness
KW  - Spinel
KW  - strain
N1  - Accession Number: 51521399; Salem, Jonathan 1; Email Address: jsalem@GRC.NASA.gov Ghosn, Louis 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 164 Issue 2, p319; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: MAGNESIUM group; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SPINEL group; Subject Term: STRAIN gages; Author-Supplied Keyword: crack length; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spinel; Author-Supplied Keyword: strain; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10704-010-9461-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51521399&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diaz, Jorge Andres
AU  - Pieri, David
AU  - Arkin, C. Richard
AU  - Gore, Eric
AU  - Griffin, Timothy P.
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Bland, Geoff
AU  - Soto, Carlomagno
AU  - Madrigal, Yetty
AU  - Castillo, Daniel
AU  - Rojas, Edgar
AU  - Achí, Sergio
T1  - Utilization of in situ airborne MS-based instrumentation for the study of gaseous emissions at active volcanoes
JO  - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
JF  - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 295
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 112
SN  - 13873806
AB  - Abstract: A small, 24V powered, portable mass spectrometer system, named ULISSES, for the study and visualization of gaseous volcanic emission is described. First deployments of the system have focused on both ground and airborne in situ measurement to monitor the awakening of the Turrialba Volcano in Costa Rica. Key gas measurements were acquired prior and after its eruption on 5 January 2010, confirming the presence of gas chemistry precursors typical of volcanic eruptions. Ground and airborne measurements were acquired to gain volcanological insight and as the first step towards the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as future airborne platforms and to confirm its unique capability to serve as a calibration/validation tool for satellite remote sensing data. Low parts per million (ppm) levels of helium and a large concentration of sulfur dioxide were measured in situ after the initial eruption. In particular, the SO2 data correlated with satellite remote sensing data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - VOLCANOES
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - SULFUR dioxide
KW  - COSTA Rica
KW  - In situ mass spectrometry
KW  - Portable mass spectrometer
KW  - Remote sensing calibration/validation
KW  - Volcanic monitoring
KW  - Volcano plume analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 53571400; Diaz, Jorge Andres 1; Email Address: jorge.andres.diaz@gmail.com Pieri, David 2 Arkin, C. Richard 3 Gore, Eric 4 Griffin, Timothy P. 4 Fladeland, Matthew 5 Bland, Geoff 6 Soto, Carlomagno 7 Madrigal, Yetty 1 Castillo, Daniel 1 Rojas, Edgar 1 Achí, Sergio 1; Affiliation:  1: Universidad de Costa Rica, Gas Sensing Lab, CICANUM, Physics School, San José, Costa Rica  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA, USA  3: ASRC Aerospace Corp., Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL, USA  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center. CA, USA  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, VA, USA  7: Organization for Tropical Studies, GIS Lab, La Selva, Sarapiqui, Costa Rica; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 295 Issue 3, p105; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: VOLCANOES; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide; Subject Term: COSTA Rica; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Portable mass spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing calibration/validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanic monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcano plume analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.04.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53571400&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Crawford, T.J.
AU  - Devi, V.M.
AU  - Benner, D.C.
T1  - Cryogenic absorption cells operating inside a Bruker IFS-125HR: First results for 13CH4 at 7μm
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 262
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 122
EP  - 134
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Abstract: New absorption cells designed specifically to achieve stable temperatures down to 66K inside the sample compartment of an evacuated Bruker IFS-125HR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) were developed at Connecticut College and tested at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The temperature stabilized cryogenic cells with path lengths of 24.29 and 20.38cm were constructed of oxygen free high conductivity (OFHC) copper and fitted with wedged ZnSe windows using vacuum tight indium seals. In operation, the temperature-controlled cooling by a closed-cycle helium refrigerator achieved stability of ±0.01K. The unwanted absorption features arising from cryodeposits on the cell windows at low temperatures were eliminated by building an internal vacuum shroud box around the cell which significantly minimized the growth of cryodeposits. The effects of vibrations from the closed-cycle helium refrigerator on the FTS spectra were characterized. Using this set up, several high-resolution spectra of methane isotopologues broadened with nitrogen were recorded in the 1200–1800cm−1 spectral region at various sample temperatures between 79.5 and 296K. Such data are needed to characterize the temperature dependence of spectral line shapes at low temperatures for remote sensing of outer planets and their moons. Initial analysis of a limited number of spectra in the region of the R(2) manifold of the ν 4 fundamental band of 13CH4 indicated that an empirical power law used for the temperature dependence of the N2-broadened line widths would fail to fit the observed data in the entire temperature range from 80 to 296K; instead, it follows a temperature-dependence similar to that reported by Mondelain et al. . The initial test was very successful proving that a high precision Fourier transform spectrometer with a completely evacuated optical path can be configured for spectroscopic studies at low temperatures relevant to the planetary atmospheres. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Cold cell
KW  - Fourier transform spectra
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Line broadening
KW  - Methane
KW  - Temperature dependence
KW  - Titan atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 52861716; Sung, K. 1; Email Address: Keeyoonsung@yahoo.com Mantz, A.W. 2 Smith, M.A.H. 3 Brown, L.R. 1 Crawford, T.J. 1 Devi, V.M. 4 Benner, D.C. 4; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Dept. of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 262 Issue 2, p122; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan atmosphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2010.05.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52861716&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhai, Peng-Wang
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Lucker, Patricia L.
AU  - Josset, Damien B.
T1  - Decoupling error for the atmospheric correction in ocean color remote sensing algorithms
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 111
IS  - 12/13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1958
EP  - 1963
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: This paper studies the decoupling error associated with the atmospheric correction procedures in the ocean color remote sensing algorithms. The decoupling error is caused by the lack of proper consideration of multiple scattering between the atmospheric and ocean components. In other words, the atmosphere and ocean are not coupled properly. A vector radiative transfer model for the coupled atmosphere and ocean (CAO) system based on the successive order of scattering (SOS) method is used to study the error. The inherent optical properties (IOPs) of the ocean are provided by the most updated bio-optical models. Two wavelengths are used in the study, 412 and 555nm. For a detector located just above the ocean interface, the decoupling errors range from 0.3% to 7% at 412nm; and from 0.3% to 3 % at 555nm for zenith viewing angles smaller than 70°. The decoupling errors are significantly larger for larger zenith viewing angles for this detector. For a detector at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), it is hard to separate the decoupling error from the error introduced by the diffuse transmittance. If we assume the upwelling radiance is uniform just below the ocean surface when estimating the diffuse transmittance, the decoupling errors are from −4% to 8% for zenith viewing angles smaller than 70°; and negative decoupling errors show up at mainly large zenith viewing angles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OCEAN color
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - ATTENUATION of light
KW  - Atmospheric and ocean optics
KW  - Attenuation
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Propagation
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Scattering
KW  - Transmission
N1  - Accession Number: 51438089; Zhai, Peng-Wang 1; Email Address: Pengwang.zhai-1@nasa.gov Hu, Yongxiang 2 Trepte, Charles R. 2 Lucker, Patricia L. 1 Josset, Damien B. 3; Affiliation:  1: SSAI, 1 Enterprise Parkway Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 111 Issue 12/13, p1958; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OCEAN color; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: ATTENUATION of light; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric and ocean optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.03.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51438089&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nealy, John E.
AU  - Chang, C.K.
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Adamczyk, Anne M.
T1  - A deterministic computational procedure for space environment electron transport
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2010/08//
VL  - 268
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2415
EP  - 2425
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Abstract: A deterministic computational procedure for describing the transport of electrons in condensed media is formulated to simulate the effects and exposures from spectral distributions typical of electrons trapped in planetary magnetic fields. The primary purpose for developing the procedure is to provide a means of rapidly performing numerous repetitive transport calculations essential for electron radiation exposure assessments for complex space structures. The present code utilizes well-established theoretical representations to describe the relevant interactions and transport processes. A combined mean free path and average trajectory approach is used in the transport formalism. For typical space environment spectra, several favorable comparisons with Monte Carlo calculations are made which have indicated that accuracy is not compromised at the expense of the computational speed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON transport
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Absorbed dose
KW  - Electrons
KW  - LEO
KW  - Planetary environments
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 51434875; Nealy, John E. 1 Chang, C.K. 2 Norman, Ryan B. 3; Email Address: Ryan.B.Norman@nasa.gov Blattnig, Steve R. 3 Badavi, Francis F. 2 Adamczyk, Anne M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion Research Foundation, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA  2: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 268 Issue 15, p2415; Subject Term: ELECTRON transport; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorbed dose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: LEO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.04.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - German, C. R.
AU  - Bowena, A.
AU  - Coleman, M. L.
AU  - Honig, D. L.
AU  - Huber, J. A.
AU  - Jakub, M. V.
AU  - Kinsey, J. C.
AU  - Kurz, M. D.
AU  - Leroy, S.
AU  - McDermott, J. M.
AU  - Mercier de Lépinay, B.
AU  - Nakamura, K.
AU  - Seewald, J. S.
AU  - Smith, J. L.
AU  - Sylva, S. P.
AU  - Van Dover, C. L.
AU  - Whitcomb, L. L.
AU  - Yoerger, D. R.
T1  - Diverse styles of submarine venting on the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/08/10/
VL  - 107
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 14020
EP  - 14025
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Thirty years after the first discovery of high-temperature submarine venting, the vast majority of the global mid-ocean ridge remains unexplored for hydrothermal activity, Of particular interest are the world's ultraslow spreading ridges that were the last to be demonstrated to host high-temperature venting but may host systems particularly relevant to prebiotic chemistry and the origins of life. Here we report evidence for previously unknown, diverse, and very deep hydrothermal vents along the ∼110 km long, ultra-slow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise (MCR). Our data indicate that the MCR hosts at least three discrete hydrothermal sites, each representing a different type of water-rock interaction, including both mafic and ultramafic systems and, at ∼5,000 m, the deepest known hydrothermal vent. Although submarine hydrothermal circulation, in which seawater percolates through and reacts with host lithologies, occurs on all mid-ocean ridges, the diversity of vent types identified here and their relative geographic isolation make the MCR unique in the oceans. These new sites offer prospects for an expanded range of vent-fluid compositions, varieties of abiotic organic chemical synthesis and extremophile microorganisms, and unparalleled faunal biodiversity-all in close proximity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MID-ocean ridges
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL vents
KW  - WATER-rock interaction
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL circulation (Oceanography)
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - hydrothermal activity
KW  - microbiology ocean chemistry
KW  - mid-ocean ridge
N1  - Accession Number: 53273895; German, C. R. 1; Email Address: cgerman@whoi.edu. Bowena, A. 1 Coleman, M. L. 2 Honig, D. L. 3 Huber, J. A. 4 Jakub, M. V. 5 Kinsey, J. C. 1 Kurz, M. D. 1 Leroy, S. 6 McDermott, J. M. 1 Mercier de Lépinay, B. 7 Nakamura, K. 8 Seewald, J. S. 1 Smith, J. L. 4 Sylva, S. P. 1 Van Dover, C. L. 3 Whitcomb, L. L. 9 Yoerger, D. R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute and Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109  3: Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516  4: Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543  5: Australian Centre for Field Robotics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia  6: Institut des Sciences de Ia Terre de Paris, Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique, Unite Mixte de Recherche 7193, Paris, France  7: Centre National de Ia Recherche Scientifique-GeoAzur, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Valbonne, France  8: National Institute of Advanced Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8567, Japan  9: Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2681; Source Info: 8/10/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 32, p14020; Subject Term: MID-ocean ridges; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL vents; Subject Term: WATER-rock interaction; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL circulation (Oceanography); Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrothermal activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbiology ocean chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: mid-ocean ridge; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Breeveld, A. A.
AU  - Curran, P. A.
AU  - Hoversten, E. A.
AU  - Koch, S.
AU  - Landsman, W.
AU  - Marshall, F. E.
AU  - Page, M. J.
AU  - Poole, T. S.
AU  - Roming, P.
AU  - Smith, P. J.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Yershov, V.
AU  - Blustin, A. J.
AU  - Brown, P. J.
AU  - Gronwall, C.
AU  - Holland, S. T.
AU  - Kuin, N. P. M.
AU  - McGowan, K.
AU  - Rosen, S.
AU  - Boyd, P.
T1  - Further calibration of the Swift ultraviolet/optical telescope.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/08/11/
VL  - 406
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1687
EP  - 1700
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) is one of three instruments onboard the Swift observatory. The photometric calibration has been published, and this paper follows up with details on other aspects of the calibration including a measurement of the point spread function with an assessment of the orbital variation and the effect on photometry. A correction for large-scale variations in sensitivity over the field of view is described, as well as a model of the coincidence loss which is used to assess the coincidence correction in extended regions. We have provided a correction for the detector distortion and measured the resulting internal astrometric accuracy of the UVOT, also giving the absolute accuracy with respect to the International Celestial Reference System. We have compiled statistics on the background count rates, and discuss the sources of the background, including instrumental scattered light. In each case, we describe any impact on UVOT measurements, whether any correction is applied in the standard pipeline data processing or whether further steps are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - COMPUTERS in astrometry
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - astrometry
KW  - instrumentation: detectors
KW  - instrumentation: photometers
KW  - ultraviolet: general
N1  - Accession Number: 52648705; Breeveld, A. A. 1; Email Address: aab@mssl.ucl.ac.uk Curran, P. A. 1 Hoversten, E. A. 2 Koch, S. 2 Landsman, W. 3 Marshall, F. E. 3 Page, M. J. 1 Poole, T. S. 1 Roming, P. 2 Smith, P. J. 1 Still, M. 1,4 Yershov, V. 1 Blustin, A. J. 1,5 Brown, P. J. 2,6 Gronwall, C. 2 Holland, S. T. 3,7,8 Kuin, N. P. M. 1 McGowan, K. 1,9 Rosen, S. 1,10 Boyd, P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT.  2: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Penn State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA.  3: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  5: Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA.  6: Department of Phyiscs and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.  7: Universities Space Research Association, 10211 Wincopin Circle, Suite 500, Columbia, MD 21044, USA.  8: Centre for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  9: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ.  10: Department of Phyiscs and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH.; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 406 Issue 3, p1687; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: COMPUTERS in astrometry; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumentation: detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumentation: photometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet: general; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16832.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kovarik, L.
AU  - Yang, F.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Diercks, D.
AU  - Kaufman, M.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
T1  - Structural analysis of a new precipitate phase in high-temperature TiNiPt shape memory alloys
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2010/08/15/
VL  - 58
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 4660
EP  - 4673
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: Aging of the high-temperature shape memory alloy Ti50Ni30Pt20 (at.%) results in precipitation of a previously unidentified phase, which plays a key role in achieving desirable shape memory properties. The precipitate phase has been analyzed with electron diffraction, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and three-dimensional atom probe tomography. The experimental observations show that the precipitates have unique crystallography due to their non-periodic character along one of the primary crystallographic directions. It will be shown that the structure can be explained in terms of crystal intergrowth of three variants of a monoclinic crystal. The monoclinic crystal structure is closely related to the high-temperature cubic B2 phase; the departure of the structure from the B2 phase can be attributed to ordering of Pt atoms on the Ni sublattice and relaxation of the atoms (shuffle displacements) from the B2 sites. The shuffle displacements and the overall structural refinement were deduced from ab initio calculations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - TERNARY alloys
KW  - ELECTRON diffraction
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - SCANNING transmission electron microscopy
KW  - Ab initio electron theory
KW  - Crystal structure
KW  - High-angle annular dark field (HAADF)
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory alloys (SMAs)
N1  - Accession Number: 51867610; Kovarik, L. 1; Email Address: libor.kovarik@pnl.gov Yang, F. 1 Garg, A. 2,3 Diercks, D. 4 Kaufman, M. 5 Noebe, R.D. 3 Mills, M.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 44145, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76207, USA  5: Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 58 Issue 14, p4660; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: TERNARY alloys; Subject Term: ELECTRON diffraction; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ab initio electron theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-angle annular dark field (HAADF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys (SMAs); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2010.04.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asthana, Rajiv
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Sobczak, Natalia
T1  - Wetting behavior and interfacial microstructure of palladium- and silver-based braze alloys with C–C and SiC–SiC composites.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2010/08/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4276
EP  - 4290
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - High-temperature sessile-drop wettability tests were conducted on unpolished C–C and SiC–SiC composite substrates using commercial braze alloys Palco (Pd-35Co), Palni (Pd-40Ni), Cusil-ABA (63Ag–35.3Cu–1.75Ti), and Ticusil (68.8Ag–26.7Cu–4.5Ti). Observations revealed non-uniform, anisotropic spreading, copious braze infiltration of the composite substrates, particularly C–C composite, and Ti enrichment at the composite/braze interface together with dissolution of Si (from SiC–SiC composite) in braze and diffusion of Co (from Palco) in the composite. The droplet/composite contact region near the droplet center revealed intimate and microstructurally sound bonding. However, inter-laminar shear cracking within the SiC–SiC composite in contact with Ticusil, Palco, and Palni, and partial substrate/droplet de-cohesion near the edge of the droplet were also observed. In Palco and Palni droplets, fiber tows in the contact region de-laminated from the main body of the composite via inter-laminar shear cracking resulting in fiber flotation, segregation, and surface degradation. The study is one of the first empirical enquiries into the complex wetting and spreading behavior of brazes on commercial C–C and SiC–SiC composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PALLADIUM alloys
KW  - SILVER alloys
KW  - WETTING
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 51397693; Asthana, Rajiv 1; Email Address: asthanar@uwstout.edu Singh, Mrityunjay 2 Sobczak, Natalia 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Center for High-Temperature Studies, Foundry Research Institute, 30-418 Krakow, Poland; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 45 Issue 16, p4276; Subject Term: PALLADIUM alloys; Subject Term: SILVER alloys; Subject Term: WETTING; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 9 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-010-4647-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Asthana, R.
T1  - Joining and integration of ZrB2-based ultra-high temperature ceramic composites using advanced brazing technology.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2010/08/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4308
EP  - 4320
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Zirconium diboride–SiC (ZS) particulate ceramic-matrix composites containing either carbon powder (termed ZSC composite) or SCS-9a silicon carbide fibers (termed ZSS composite) were joined to titanium and Inconel 625 using Pd-base brazes, Palco and Palni ( TL ~ 1492–1513 K). The joints exhibited intimate contact and evidence of interdiffusion of Zr, Si, Pd, and Co, with the Palni joints exhibiting most extensive chemical interaction, greater propensity toward cracking, and partial melting of the Inconel substrate. The joint region comprised of braze-plus-interaction zone exhibited comparable Knoop hardness in Palni and Palco joints. The fully dense ZS had the highest (2000–2600 HK200) and ZSC the lowest (300–750 HK200) Knoop hardness. The ZSS composites displayed a large dispersion in hardness because of incomplete densification (~30% porosity) and transversal cracking from the CTE mismatch between SCS-9a fibers and the ZS matrix. Steady-state thermal calculations reveal that for joined assemblies (~0.51 cm total thickness in the study), joining Ti or Inconel to ZS shall decrease the thermal resistance by nearly 33–43% relative to the metal substrate, thus enhancing the heat dissipation capability in advanced components made using such joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - BRAZING
N1  - Accession Number: 51397706; Singh, M. 1 Asthana, R. 1; Email Address: asthanar@uwstout.edu; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 45 Issue 16, p4308; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: BRAZING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 8 Color Photographs, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-010-4510-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Squire, Thomas H.
AU  - Marschall, Jochen
T1  - Material property requirements for analysis and design of UHTC components in hypersonic applications
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2010/08/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2239
EP  - 2251
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Analytical modeling of thermal and mechanical response is a fundamental step in the design process for ultra-high-temperature ceramic components, such as nose tips and wing leading edges for hypersonic applications. The purpose of the analyses is to understand the response of test articles to high-enthalpy flows in ground tests and to predict component performance in particular flight environments. Performing these analyses and evaluating the results require comprehensive and accurate physical, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this paper, we explain the nature of the analyses, highlight the essential material properties that are required and why they are important, and describe the impact of property accuracy and uncertainty on the design process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - THERMOPHYSICAL properties
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - Borides
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Thermal properties
KW  - Ultra-high-temperature ceramics
N1  - Accession Number: 51402918; Squire, Thomas H. 1 Marschall, Jochen 2; Email Address: jochen.marschall@sri.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-234, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, United States; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 30 Issue 11, p2239; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Borides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultra-high-temperature ceramics; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.01.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gasch, Matthew
AU  - Johnson, Sylvia
T1  - Physical characterization and arcjet oxidation of hafnium-based ultra high temperature ceramics fabricated by hot pressing and field-assisted sintering
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2010/08/15/
VL  - 30
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2337
EP  - 2344
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: For this study, HfB2-based ultra high temperature ceramic (UHTC) samples were prepared by hot pressing and field-assisted sintering (FAS) with 10–20vol.% SiC (baseline), 5vol.% TaSi2, and 5vol.% iridium. Dense billets were tested for hardness and mechanical strength. When compared, the FAS method consistently yielded materials with a grain size 1.5–2 times finer than samples processed via hot pressing. In general, room temperature flexural strengths of these materials were found to be lower (∼400MPa) than similar fully dense HfB2–SiC materials, with strengths between 500 and 700MPa. Oxidation resistance testing of flat-face models was conducted in a simulated re-entry environment, at Q Cold Wall ∼250W/cm2 for 5min. Samples processed by FAS had reduced oxide thickness and SiC depletion zones compared to the baseline HfB2–20SiC material. In all cases oxide thickness was reduced by ∼3× and SiC depletion zone thickness was reduced ∼3× over the baseline. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC-matrix composites
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - HAFNIUM compounds
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SINTERING
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Composites
KW  - Hafnium diboride
KW  - Hot pressing
KW  - Oxidation resistance
KW  - Sintering
N1  - Accession Number: 51402927; Gasch, Matthew; Email Address: matthew.j.gasch@nasa.gov Johnson, Sylvia 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 30 Issue 11, p2337; Subject Term: CERAMIC-matrix composites; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: HAFNIUM compounds; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SINTERING; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hafnium diboride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hot pressing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sintering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.04.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Friedl, Mark A.
AU  - Tan, Bin
AU  - Zhang, Xiaoyang
AU  - Verma, Manish
T1  - Land surface phenology from MODIS: Characterization of the Collection 5 global land cover dynamics product
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2010/08/16/
VL  - 114
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1805
EP  - 1816
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Information related to land surface phenology is important for a variety of applications. For example, phenology is widely used as a diagnostic of ecosystem response to global change. In addition, phenology influences seasonal scale fluxes of water, energy, and carbon between the land surface and atmosphere. Increasingly, the importance of phenology for studies of habitat and biodiversity is also being recognized. While many data sets related to plant phenology have been collected at specific sites or in networks focused on individual plants or plant species, remote sensing provides the only way to observe and monitor phenology over large scales and at regular intervals. The MODIS Global Land Cover Dynamics Product was developed to support investigations that require regional to global scale information related to spatio-temporal dynamics in land surface phenology. Here we describe the Collection 5 version of this product, which represents a substantial refinement relative to the Collection 4 product. This new version provides information related to land surface phenology at higher spatial resolution than Collection 4 (500-m vs. 1-km), and is based on 8-day instead of 16-day input data. The paper presents a brief overview of the algorithm, followed by an assessment of the product. To this end, we present (1) a comparison of results from Collection 5 versus Collection 4 for selected MODIS tiles that span a range of climate and ecological conditions, (2) a characterization of interannual variation in Collections 4 and 5 data for North America from 2001 to 2006, and (3) a comparison of Collection 5 results against ground observations for two forest sites in the northeastern United States. Results show that the Collection 5 product is qualitatively similar to Collection 4. However, Collection 5 has fewer missing values outside of regions with persistent cloud cover and atmospheric aerosols. Interannual variability in Collection 5 is consistent with expected ranges of variance suggesting that the algorithm is reliable and robust, except in the tropics where some systematic differences are observed. Finally, comparisons with ground data suggest that the algorithm is performing well, but that end of season metrics associated with vegetation senescence and dormancy have higher uncertainties than start of season metrics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOLOGY
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - INFORMATION processing
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - PLANT species
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Land cover dynamics
KW  - MODIS Collection 5
KW  - MODIS phenology
KW  - Vegetation dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 51294893; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com Friedl, Mark A. 2 Tan, Bin 3 Zhang, Xiaoyang 4 Verma, Manish 2; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Geography & Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  3: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., 10810 Guilford Road, Suite 105, Annapolis Junction, MD 20701, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 114 Issue 8, p1805; Subject Term: PHENOLOGY; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: INFORMATION processing; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: PLANT species; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land cover dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS Collection 5; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation dynamics; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2010.04.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51294893&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaul, Upender K.
T1  - Three-dimensional elliptic grid generation with fully automatic boundary constraints
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2010/08/20/
VL  - 229
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 5966
EP  - 5979
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: A new procedure for generating smooth uniformly clustered three-dimensional structured elliptic grids is presented here which formulates three-dimensional boundary constraints by extending the two-dimensional counterpart [1] US patent 7231329. 1 presented by the author earlier. This fully automatic procedure obviates the need for manual specification of decay parameters over the six bounding surfaces of a given volume grid. The procedure has been demonstrated here for the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) geometries such as aeroshell and canopy, as well as the Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (IAD) geometry and a 3D analytically defined geometry. The new procedure also enables generation of single-block grids for such geometries because the automatic boundary constraints permit the decay parameters to evolve as part of the solution to the elliptic grid system of equations. These decay parameters are no longer just constants, as specified in the conventional approach, but functions of generalized coordinate variables over a given bounding surface. Since these decay functions vary over a given boundary, orthogonal grids around any arbitrary simply-connected boundary can be clustered automatically without having to break up the boundaries and the corresponding interior or exterior domains into various blocks for grid generation. The new boundary constraints are not limited to the simply-connected regions only, but can also be formulated around multiply-connected and isolated regions in the interior. The proposed method is superior to other methods of grid generation such as algebraic and hyperbolic techniques in that the grids obtained here are C 2 continuous, whereas simple elliptic smoothing of algebraic or hyperbolic grids to enforce C 2 continuity destroys the grid clustering near the boundaries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - SMOOTHING (Numerical analysis)
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - BOUNDARY element methods
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - Aeroshell
KW  - Canopy
KW  - Decay functions
KW  - Enhanced elliptic grid generation
KW  - Grid clustering
KW  - Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (IAD)
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)
KW  - Orthogonal grids
KW  - Single-zone grids
KW  - Three-dimensional boundary constraints
N1  - Accession Number: 51304296; Kaul, Upender K. 1; Email Address: Upender.Kaul@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 258-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 229 Issue 17, p5966; Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: SMOOTHING (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY element methods; Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroshell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decay functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enhanced elliptic grid generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grid clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator (IAD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory (MSL); Author-Supplied Keyword: Orthogonal grids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-zone grids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three-dimensional boundary constraints; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.04.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51304296&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Sivakumar
AU  - Tewari, Surendra N.
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
T1  - EBC development for hot-pressed Y2O3/Al2O3 doped silicon nitride ceramics
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2010/08/20/
VL  - 527
IS  - 21/22
M3  - Article
SP  - 5492
EP  - 5498
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Multilayer EBCs of alcohol and sol-based slurries containing (a) 45% SiO2–34% Y2O3–%Al2O3, (b) mullite/Gd2SiO5 (88/12wt.%) with and without B2O3 addition, (c) mullite/rare-earth silicates (94/6wt.%, (Gd2SiO5, Lu2SiO5, Er2SiO5, and HfSiO4)), and (d) only mullite, were applied on hot pressed Y2O3/Al2O3 doped Si3N4 substrates. Of the four major EBC systems studied, only mullite/Gd2SiO5 (88/12wt.%) EBCs sintered in air at 1400°C for 3h showed good bonding with the substrate. In all other EBC systems studied, the Y2O3/Al2O3 additives present in Si3N4 reacted with silica and rare-earth silicates to form low melting point constituents during sintering causing bubble formation and/or de-bonding at the substrate/coating interface. Thermal cyclic resistance of silicon nitride coupons coated with mullite/Gd2SiO5 (88/12wt.%) EBC was investigated in a moisture containing environment (90% H2O–10% O2) for 100 cycles from 1350°C to room temperature (1h hot and 15min cold). Moisture exposure resulted in accumulation of large pores in the coating, mostly aligned along the substrate/coating interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC metals
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC cycles
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - CERAMIC coating
KW  - SINTER (Metallurgy)
KW  - Coating
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Silicon nitride ceramics
KW  - Sintering
KW  - Thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 52306248; Ramasamy, Sivakumar 1; Email Address: rshiku@gmail.com Tewari, Surendra N. 1 Lee, Kang N. 2 Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 3 Fox, Dennis S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland State University, Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Rolls-Royce Corporation, P.O. Box 420, Indianapolis, IN, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Rd., Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 527 Issue 21/22, p5492; Subject Term: CERAMIC metals; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC cycles; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: CERAMIC coating; Subject Term: SINTER (Metallurgy); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitride ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sintering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal cycling; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2010.05.067
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watters, Thomas R.
AU  - Robinson, Mark S.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Banks, Maria E.
AU  - Bell III, James F.
AU  - Pritchard, Matthew E.
AU  - Hiesinger, Harald
AU  - van der Bogert, Carolyn H.
AU  - Thomas, Peter C.
AU  - Turtle, Elizabeth P.
AU  - Williams, Nathan R.
T1  - Evidence of Recent Thrust Faulting on the Moon Revealed by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/08/20/
VL  - 329
IS  - 5994
M3  - Article
SP  - 936
EP  - 940
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera images reveal previously undetected lobate thrust-fault scarps and associated meter-scale secondary tectonic landforms that include narrow extensional troughs or graben, splay faults, and multiple low-relief terraces. Lobate scarps are among the youngest landforms on the Moon, based on their generally crisp appearance, lack of superposed large-diameter impact craters, and the existence of crosscut small-diameter impact craters. Identification of previously known scarps was limited to high-resolution Apollo Panoramic Camera images confined to the equatorial zone. Fourteen lobate scarps were identified, seven of which are at latitudes greater than ±60°, indicating that the thrust faults are globally distributed. This detection, coupled with the very young apparent age of the faults, suggests global late-stage contraction of the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY -- Research
KW  - LUNAR geology
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - SLOPES (Physical geography)
KW  - LUNAR Orbiter (Artificial satellite)
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - MOON
N1  - Accession Number: 53448522; Watters, Thomas R. 1; Email Address: watterst@si.edu Robinson, Mark S. 2 Beyer, Ross A. 3,4 Banks, Maria E. 1 Bell III, James F. 5 Pritchard, Matthew E. 6 Hiesinger, Harald 7,8 van der Bogert, Carolyn H. 7 Thomas, Peter C. 9 Turtle, Elizabeth P. 10 Williams, Nathan R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA  2: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85251, USA  3: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  6: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  7: Institut fur Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, 48149 Münster, Germany  8: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA  9: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  10: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2010, Vol. 329 Issue 5994, p936; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: LUNAR geology; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: SLOPES (Physical geography); Subject Term: LUNAR Orbiter (Artificial satellite); Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: MOON; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1189590
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Amorphous carbon and its surfaces
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2010/08/23/
VL  - 374
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 82
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: We have investigated bulk amorphous carbon at three densities (3.2, 2.6, and 2.0g/cm3) using density functional theory (DFT). The variation in the structure with density is discussed. The bulk structures are used to create surface structures. If the surfaces are relaxed at 700K, the surface structures, as a function of density, are more similar than the analogous bulk structures. The relaxed surfaces appear to be graphene sheets with defects, sizable distortions, and have covalently bonded carbon chains holding the sheets together. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - CARBON
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - ELECTRIC distortion
KW  - Amorphous carbon
KW  - DFT
KW  - Surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 53307845; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Lawson, John W. 2; Email Address: John.W.Lawson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Mail Stop 234-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 374 Issue 1-3, p77; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: ELECTRIC distortion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amorphous carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2010.06.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valentini, Paolo
AU  - Schwartzentruber, Thomas E.
AU  - Cozmuta, Ioana
T1  - Molecular dynamics simulation of O2 sticking on Pt(111) using the ab initio based ReaxFF reactive force field.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2010/08/28/
VL  - 133
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 084703
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The molecular dynamics technique with the ab initio based classical reactive force field ReaxFF is used to study the adsorption dynamics of O2 on Pt(111) for both normal and oblique impacts. Overall, good quantitative agreement with the experimental data is found at low incident energies. Specifically, our simulations reproduce the characteristic minimum of the trapping probability at kinetic incident energies around 0.1 eV. This feature is determined by the presence of a physisorption well in the ReaxFF potential energy surface (PES) and the progressive suppression of a steering mechanism when increasing the translational kinetic energy (or the molecule’s rotational energy) because of steric hindrance. In the energy range between 0.1 and 0.4 eV, the sticking probability increases, similar to molecular beam sticking data. For very energetic impacts (above 0.4 eV), ReaxFF predicts sticking probabilities lower than experimental sticking data by almost a factor of 3 due to an overall less attractive ReaxFF PES compared to experiments and density functional theory. For oblique impacts, the trapping probability is reduced by the nonzero parallel momentum because of the PES corrugation and does not scale with the total incident kinetic energy. Furthermore, our simulations predict quasispecular (slightly supraspecular) distributions of angles of reflection, in accordance with molecular beam experiments. Increasing the beam energy (between 1.2 and 1.7 eV) causes the angular distributions to broaden and to exhibit a tail toward the surface normal because molecules have enough momentum to get very near the surface and thus probe more corrugated repulsive regions of the PES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - PHYSISORPTION
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - PLATINUM
N1  - Accession Number: 53421834; Valentini, Paolo 1; Email Address: vale@aem.umn.edu Schwartzentruber, Thomas E. 1; Email Address: schwartz@aem.umn.edu Cozmuta, Ioana 2; Email Address: ioana.cozmuta@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA  2: Eloret Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/28/2010, Vol. 133 Issue 8, p084703; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: PHYSISORPTION; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: PLATINUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3469810
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gregory, Otto J.
AU  - Busch, Eike
AU  - Fralick, Gustave C.
AU  - Chen, Ximing
T1  - Preparation and characterization of ceramic thin film thermocouples
JO  - Thin Solid Films
JF  - Thin Solid Films
Y1  - 2010/08/31/
VL  - 518
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 6093
EP  - 6098
SN  - 00406090
AB  - Abstract: Indium tin oxide (ITO), alumina doped zinc oxide (ZnO) and NiCrCoAlY/alumina nanocomposites were systematically investigated as thermoelements. These ceramic thermoelements were initially tested relative to a platinum reference electrode and the resulting thermoelectric properties were evaluated. Bi-ceramic junctions comprised of the most stable and responsive ceramic thermoelements, i.e. those thermoelements with the largest and most stable Seebeck coefficients relative to platinum, were fabricated and tested. A bi-ceramic junction based on nitrogen-doped ITO:oxygen-doped ITO exhibited excellent high temperature stability and reproducibility, however, this thermocouple pair had a relatively low Seebeck coefficient (6μV/°C). Alumina doped ZnO:ITO thermocouples generated a very large electromotive force at low temperatures but lacked high temperature stability. When nitrogen-doped ITO was combined with a NiCoCrAlY/alumina nanocomposite, a very large and stable Seebeck coefficient (375μV/°C) was realized. Ceramic thermocouples based on several candidate materials were demonstrated at temperatures up to 1200°C and the potential of using these materials in other thermoelectric devices including those for energy harvesting is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin Solid Films is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - ZINC oxide
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - THIN films
KW  - THERMOCOUPLES
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - INDIUM
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - Alumina doped zinc oxide
KW  - Ceramic thermocouple
KW  - Indium tin oxide (ITO)
KW  - NiCoCrAlY/alumina nanocomposite
N1  - Accession Number: 52484759; Gregory, Otto J. 1; Email Address: gregory@egr.uri.edu Busch, Eike 1 Fralick, Gustave C. 2 Chen, Ximing 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2010, Vol. 518 Issue 21, p6093; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: ZINC oxide; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: THERMOCOUPLES; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: INDIUM; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alumina doped zinc oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic thermocouple; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indium tin oxide (ITO); Author-Supplied Keyword: NiCoCrAlY/alumina nanocomposite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tsf.2010.05.102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Olivas, J.D.
AU  - Wright, M.C.
AU  - Christoffersen, R.
AU  - Cone, D.M.
AU  - McDanels, S.J.
T1  - Crystallographic oxide phase identification of char deposits obtained from space shuttle Columbia window debris
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 67
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 553
EP  - 560
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Char deposits on recovered fragments of space shuttle Columbia windowpanes were analyzed to further understand the events that occurred during orbiter reentry and breakup. The TEM analysis demonstrated that oxides of aluminum and titanium mixed with silicon oxides to preserve a history of thermal conditions to which portions of the vehicle were exposed. The presence of Ti during the beginning of the deposition process, along with the thermodynamic phase precipitation upon cool down, indicated that temperatures well above the Ti melt point were experienced. The stratified observations implied that additional exothermic reactions, expectedly metal combustion of a Ti–6Al–4V structure, had to occur for oxide formation. Results are significant for aerospace vehicles, where thermal protection system (TPS) breaches could cause material originally designed for substructural applications to be in direct path with reentry plasma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - SILICON oxide
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - FOCUSED ion beams
KW  - COAL -- Combustion
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Focused ion beam (FIB)
KW  - Space shuttle
KW  - Titanium
KW  - Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)
N1  - Accession Number: 51435136; Olivas, J.D. 1 Wright, M.C. 2; Email Address: m.clara.wright@nasa.gov Christoffersen, R. 3 Cone, D.M. 4 McDanels, S.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL, United States  3: Science Applications International Corporation, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, White Sands Test Facility, NM, United States; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 67 Issue 5/6, p553; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: SILICON oxide; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: FOCUSED ion beams; Subject Term: COAL -- Combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Focused ion beam (FIB); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space shuttle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titanium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.04.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51435136&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Michael A.
AU  - Darmofal, David L.
T1  - Validation of an Output-Adaptive, Tetrahedral Cut-Cell Method for Sonic Boom Prediction.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1928
EP  - 1945
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A cut-cell approach to computational fluid dynamics that uses the median dual of a tetrahedral background grid is described. The discrete adjoint is also calculated for an adaptive method to control error in a specified output. The adaptive method is applied to sonic boom prediction by specifying an integral of off body pressure signature as the output. These predicted signatures are compared to wind-tunnel measurements to validate the method for sonic boom prediction. Accurate midfield sonic boom pressure signatures are calculated with the Euler equations without the use of hybrid grid or signature propagation methods. Highly refined, shock-aligned anisotrupic grids are produced by this method from coarse isotropic grids created without prior knowledge of shock locations. A heuristic reconstruction limiter provides stable flow and adjoint solution schemes while producing similar signatures to Barth-Jespersen and Venkatakrishnan limiters. The use of cut cells with an output-based adaptive scheme automates the volume grid generation task after a triangular mesh is generated for the cut surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 54072888; Park, Michael A. 1,2 Darmofal, David L. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Senior Member AIAA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virgnia 23681  3: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p1928; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 15 Diagrams, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050111
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54072888&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Byung Joon Lee
AU  - Meng-Sing Liou
AU  - Chongam Kim
T1  - Optimizing a Boundary-Layer-Ingestion Offset Inlet by Discrete Adjoint Approach.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2008
EP  - 2016
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A large amount of low-momentum boundary-layer flow ingesting into a flush-mounted inlet can cause significant total pressure loss and distortion to the extent beyond operability of a fan/compressor. To improve the quality of incoming flow into the engine, shape optimization of the surface geometry at the inlet entrance has been carried out using the discrete adjoint method; the inlet-floor shape is parameterized by the use of control points on B-spline surface patches. To resolve the complicated geometry flexibly and wall-bounded turbulent flow accurately, an overset mesh system is well-suited for integrating the flow analysis code, sensitivity analysis code, and grid modification tools. To enhance the convergence characteristics of the sensitivity analysis code, additional numerical dissipation for the discrete adjoint formulation is introduced. After using this optimization procedure, the new inlet yields a significant improvement in performance: a more than 50% reduction in flow distortion and a 3% increase in total pressure recovery. High performance at off-design conditions is also realized with only slight degradation, confirming the capability of the adjoint method for a practical design problem. Finally, the physical meaning and implication of the performance improvement are elaborated upon in relation to the flow characteristics resulting from the new design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Compressors
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - COMPRESSORS
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - FANS (Machinery)
N1  - Accession Number: 54072894; Byung Joon Lee 1,2 Meng-Sing Liou 2,3 Chongam Kim 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Member AIAA  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Associate Fellow AIAA  4: Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p2008; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Compressors; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: COMPRESSORS; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: FANS (Machinery); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333910 Pump and compressor manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333912 Air and Gas Compressor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 7 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050222
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nishino, Takafumi
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - Numerical Study of Wind-Tunnel Sidewall Effects on Circulation Control Airfoil Flows.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2123
EP  - 2132
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations are performed of the flow around a circulation control airfoil (using a Coanda jet blowing over a rounded trailing edge) placed in a rectangular wind-tunnel test section. The airfoil model spans the entire tunnel and the span-to-chord ratio of the model is 3.26. The objective of this numerical study, in which we solve the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations in a time-resolved manner (but the solutions eventually converge to steady states), is to investigate the physical mechanisms of wind-tunnel sidewall effects on the flow, especially in the midspan region. The three-dimensional simulations predict that the Coanda jet flow is quasi-two-dimensional until the flow separates from the trailing edge of the airfoil; however, the spanwise ends of this Coanda jet sheet then three-dimensionally roll up on the side walls of the wind tunnel to form two large streamwise vortices downstream. Careful comparisons between the two- and three-dimensional simulations reveal that the wind-tunnel stream goes below the airfoil more in the three-dimensional cases than in the two-dimensional cases due to the presence of these two streamwise vortices downstream. This results in smaller lift and larger drag being produced at the midspan of the airfoil in the three-dimensional cases than in the two-dimensional cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnel walls
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 54072903; Nishino, Takafumi 1,2 Shariff, Karim 2; Affiliation:  1: Member AIAA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p2123; Subject Term: WIND tunnel walls; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050328
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54072903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassianov, E.
AU  - Ovchinnikov, M.
AU  - Berg, L. K.
AU  - McFarlane, S. A.
AU  - Flynn, C.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Hostetler, C.
AU  - Alexandrov, M.
T1  - Retrieval of aerosol optical depth in vicinity of broken clouds from reflectance ratios: case study.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1333
EP  - 1349
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a case study on the retrieval of aerosol optical depth (AOD) within broken clouds using reflectance ratio (RR) method. It notes on the development of RR method used for the retrieval of AOD which is assessed using extensive airborne and ground-based data gathered during the Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign (CLASIC). It also mentions the detailed study performed for a field of single-layer shallow cumuli which was observed on June 12, 2007.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - CLIMATE research
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - CASE studies
N1  - Accession Number: 55399801; Kassianov, E. 1; Email Address: evgueni.kassianov@pnl.gov Ovchinnikov, M. 1 Berg, L. K. 1 McFarlane, S. A. 1 Flynn, C. 1 Ferrare, R. 2 Hostetler, C. 2 Alexandrov, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, 99352, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 23681, USA  3: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, 10025, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 5, p1333; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: CASE studies; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-3-1333-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wunch, D.
AU  - Toon, G. C.
AU  - Wennberg, P. O.
AU  - Wofsy, S. C.
AU  - Stephens, B. B.
AU  - Fischer, M. L.
AU  - Uchino, O.
AU  - Abshire, J. B.
AU  - Bernath, P.
AU  - Biraud, S. C.
AU  - Blavier, J.-F. L.
AU  - Boone, C.
AU  - Bowman, K. P.
AU  - Browell, E. V.
AU  - Campos, T.
AU  - Connor, B. J.
AU  - Daube, B. C.
AU  - Deutscher, N. M.
AU  - Diao, M.
AU  - Elkins, J. W.
T1  - Calibration of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network using aircraft profile data.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1351
EP  - 1362
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article discusses the calibration of the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) with World Meteorological Organization (WMO)-scale aircraft profile data. It notes that the TCCON develops accurate measurements of the column average dry-air mole fractions of chemical elements and gases in different sites worldwide. It mentions the consistency of the calibration curves shown between the different TCCON sites which can be described by a single calibration factor for each molecule.
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - CHEMICAL elements -- Spectra
KW  - CALIBRATION gases
KW  - CARBON
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - STANDARDIZATION
KW  - WORLD Meteorological Organization
N1  - Accession Number: 55399802; Wunch, D. 1; Email Address: dwunch@gps.caltech.edu Toon, G. C. 1,2 Wennberg, P. O. 1 Wofsy, S. C. 3 Stephens, B. B. 4 Fischer, M. L. 5 Uchino, O. 6 Abshire, J. B. 7 Bernath, P. 8,9 Biraud, S. C. 5 Blavier, J.-F. L. 1,2 Boone, C. 8 Bowman, K. P. 10 Browell, E. V. 11 Campos, T. 4 Connor, B. J. 12 Daube, B. C. 3 Deutscher, N. M. 13 Diao, M. 14 Elkins, J. W. 15; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  3: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  5: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA, USA  6: National Insitute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  8: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada  9: York University, York, UK  10: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA  11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  12: BC Consulting Limited, Alexandra, New Zealand  13: Center for Atmospheric Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia  14: 15Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA  15: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 5, p1351; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: CHEMICAL elements -- Spectra; Subject Term: CALIBRATION gases; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: STANDARDIZATION; Company/Entity: WORLD Meteorological Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 8 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-3-1351-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roesch, A.
AU  - Wild, M.
AU  - Ohmura, A.
AU  - Dutton, E. G.
AU  - Long, C. N.
AU  - Zhang, T.
T1  - Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 4423
EP  - 4457
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study which investigates the extent of the differences that can be caused by various potential data filling methodologies for surface radiation quantities. In here, the issues of monthly mean estimates caused by missing observational data are being demonstrated. It presents and investigates the completeness of the current available of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN). It shows the significance of the monthly mean estimates to the selected averaging algorithm.
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - ESTIMATES
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - GEOPHYSICS -- Observations
N1  - Accession Number: 55382550; Roesch, A. 1; Email Address: andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch Wild, M. 1 Ohmura, A. 1 Dutton, E. G. 2 Long, C. N. 3 Zhang, T. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland  2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory GMD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  3: Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 902 Batelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 5, p4423; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: ESTIMATES; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS -- Observations; Number of Pages: 35p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-3-4423-2010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55382550&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fromm, Michael
AU  - Lindsey, Daniel T.
AU  - Servranckx, Ren
AU  - Yue, Glenn
AU  - Trickl, Thomas
AU  - Sica, Robert
AU  - Doucet, Paul
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
T1  - The Untold Story of Pyrocumulonimbus.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 91
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1193
EP  - 1209
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Wildfire is becoming the focus of increasing attention. It is now realized that changes in the occurrence frequency and intensity of wildfires has important significant consequences for a variety of important problems, including atmospheric change and safety in the urban-wildland interface. One important but poorly understood aspect of wildfire behavior-pyrocumulonimbus firestorm dynamics and atmospheric impact-has a curious history of theory and observation. The 'pyroCb' is a fire-started or fire-augmented thunderstorm that in its most extreme manifestation injects huge abundances of smoke and other biomass-burning emissions into the lower stratosphere. The observed hemispheric spread of smoke and other biomass-burning emissions could have important climate consequences. PyroCbs have been spawned naturally and through anthropogenesis, and they are hypothesized as being part of the theoretical 'Nuclear nuclear winter' work. However, direct attribution of the stratospheric aerosols to the pyroCb only occurred in the last decade. Such an extreme injection by thunderstorms was previously judged to be unlikely because the extratopical tropopause is considered to be a strong barrier to convection. Two recurring themes have developed as pyroCb research unfolds. First, some 'mystery layer' events-puzzling stratospheric aerosol-layer observations-and other layers reported as volcanic aerosol, can now be explained in terms of pyroconvection. Second, pyroCb events occur surprisingly frequently, and they are likely a relevant aspect of several historic wildfires. Here we show that pyroCbs offer a plausible alternate explanation for phenomena that were previously assumed to involve volcanic aerosols in 1989-1991. In addition, we survey the Canada/U.S. fire season of 2002 and identify 17 pyroCbs, some of which are associated with newsworthy fires, such as the Hayman, Rodeo/Chediski, and Biscuit Fires. Some of these pyroCbs injected smoke into the lowermost stratosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WILDFIRES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AEROSOL propellants
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Research
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - FIRE -- Research
KW  - FIRE ecology
KW  - RODEO-Chediski Fire, Ariz., 2002
N1  - Accession Number: 59820355; Fromm, Michael 1; Email Address: mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil Lindsey, Daniel T. 2 Servranckx, Ren 3 Yue, Glenn 4 Trickl, Thomas 5 Sica, Robert 6 Doucet, Paul 6 Godin-Beekmann, Sophie 7; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.  2: NOAA, Fort Collins, Colorado  3: Canadian Meteorological Centre, Dorval, Québec, Canada  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  5: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, IMK-IFU, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada  7: Laboratoire Atmosphère, Milieux, Observations Spatiale, UPMC-CNRS, Paris, France; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 91 Issue 9, p1193; Subject Term: WILDFIRES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROSOL propellants; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Research; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: FIRE -- Research; Subject Term: FIRE ecology; Subject Term: RODEO-Chediski Fire, Ariz., 2002; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010BAMS3004.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Coakley, J. A.
AU  - Ackerman, S. A.
AU  - Charlson, R. J.
AU  - Colarco, P. R.
AU  - Flamant, P.
AU  - Fu, Q.
AU  - Hoff, R. M.
AU  - Kittaka, C.
AU  - Kubar, T. L.
AU  - Le Treut, H.
AU  - McCormick, M. P.
AU  - Mégie, G.
AU  - Poole, L.
AU  - Powell, K.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Wielicki, B. A.
T1  - The CALIPSO Mission: A Global 3D View of Aerosols and Clouds.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 91
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1229
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Aerosols and clouds have important effects on Earth's climate through their effects on the radiation budget and the cycling of water between the atmosphere and Earth's surface. Limitations in our understanding of the global distribution and properties of aerosols and clouds are partly responsible for the current uncertainties in modeling the global climate system and predicting climate change. The CALIPSO satellite was developed as a joint project between NASA and the French space agency CNES to provide needed capabilities to observe aerosols and clouds from space. CALIPSO carries CALIOP, a two-wavelength, polarization-sensitive lidar, along with two passive sensors operating in the visible and thermal infrared spectral regions. CALIOP is the first lidar to provide long-term atmospheric measurements from Earth's orbit. Its profiling and polarization capabilities offer unique measurement capabilities. Launched together with the CloudSat satellite in April 2006 and now flying in formation with the A-train satellite constellation, CALIPSO is now providing information on the distribution and properties of aerosols and clouds, which is fundamental to advancing our understanding and prediction of climate. This paper provides an overview of the CALIPSO mission and instruments, the data produced, and early results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 59820360; Winker, D. M. 1; Email Address: david.m.winker@nasa.gov Pelon, J. 2 Coakley, J. A. 3 Ackerman, S. A. 4 Charlson, R. J. 5 Colarco, P. R. 6 Flamant, P. 7 Fu, Q. 5 Hoff, R. M. 8 Kittaka, C. 9 Kubar, T. L. 10 Le Treut, H. 11 McCormick, M. P. 12 Mégie, G. 2 Poole, L. 9 Powell, K. 1 Trepte, C. 1 Vaughan, M. A. 1 Wielicki, B. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS-INSU, IPSL, LATMOS, Paris, France  3: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon  4: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  7: École Polytechnique, LMD, IPSL, Palaiseau, France  8: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  9: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  11: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, ENS, École Polytechnique, CNRS-INSU, IPSL, LMD, Paris, France  12: Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 91 Issue 9, p1211; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010BAMS3009.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McAllister, Sara
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, Carlos
AU  - Urban, David
AU  - Ruff, Gary
T1  - The combined effect of pressure and oxygen concentration on piloted ignition of a solid combustible
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 157
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1753
EP  - 1759
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: There are a number of situations when fires may occur at low pressures and oxygen concentrations that are different than standard atmospheric conditions, such as in buildings at high elevation, airplanes, and spacecraft. The flammability of materials may be affected by these environmental conditions. Since ignition delay is a measure of material flammability and directly influences whether a fire will occur, experiments were conducted to assess the variation of the ignition delay of PMMA in sub-atmospheric pressures and elevated oxygen concentrations. Three sets of experiments were performed at different pressures and in air, in an atmosphere having 30% oxygen/70% nitrogen by volume, and in a “normoxic” atmosphere (constant oxygen partial pressure). It was observed that as the pressure is reduced, the ignition time decreased, reached a minimum, and then increased until ignition did not occur. Several mechanisms were considered to explain the “U-shaped” dependence of ignition time on pressure, and three regimes were identified each having a different controlling mechanism: the transport regime where the ignition delay is controlled by changes in convection heat losses and critical mass flux for ignition; the chemical kinetic regime where the ignition delay is controlled by gas-phase chemical kinetics; and an overlap region where both the transport and chemistry effects are seen. The results provide further insight about the effect of the environmental conditions on the flammability of materials, and guidance about fire safety in low pressure environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW pressure (Science)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - FLAMMABILITY
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Elevated oxygen
KW  - Hypobaric
KW  - Material flammability
KW  - Piloted ignition
KW  - Reduced pressure
KW  - Solid ignition
N1  - Accession Number: 52207697; McAllister, Sara 1; Email Address: smcallister@fs.fed.us Fernandez-Pello, Carlos 1 Urban, David 2 Ruff, Gary 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 157 Issue 9, p1753; Subject Term: LOW pressure (Science); Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: FLAMMABILITY; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Elevated oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypobaric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material flammability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piloted ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid ignition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.02.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Dongyeon
AU  - Tippur, Hareesh
AU  - Bogert, Phillip
T1  - Quasi-static and dynamic fracture of graphite/epoxy composites: An optical study of loading-rate effects
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 41
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 462
EP  - 474
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: Strain-rate effects on fracture behavior of unidirectional composite materials are studied. Single-edge notched multi-layered unidirectional graphite composites (T800/3900-2) are investigated to examine fracture responses under static and dynamic loading conditions using a digital speckle correlation method. The fracture parameters for growing cracks are extracted as a function of fiber orientation. A 2D digital image correlation (DIC) method is used to obtain time-resolved full-field in-plane surface displacements when specimens are subjected to quasi-static and impact loading. Stress intensity factor and crack extension histories for pure mode-I and mixed mode cases are extracted from the full-field displacements. When compared to the dynamic stress intensity factors at crack initiation, the static values are found to be consistently lower. The stress intensity factor histories exhibit a monotonic reduction under dynamic loading conditions whereas an increasing trend is seen after crack initiation under quasi-static loading cases. This is potentially due to dominant crack face fiber bridging effects in the latter cases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHITE composites
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - DIGITAL images
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - IMPACT (Mechanics)
KW  - A. Polymer-matrix Composites (PMCs)
KW  - B. Fracture
KW  - B. Impact behavior
KW  - D. Mechanical testing digital image correlation
N1  - Accession Number: 52307393; Lee, Dongyeon 1 Tippur, Hareesh 1; Email Address: htippur@eng.auburn.edu Bogert, Phillip 2; Affiliation:  1: Dept of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 44313, United States; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 41 Issue 6, p462; Subject Term: GRAPHITE composites; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: DIGITAL images; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: IMPACT (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer-matrix Composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Impact behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Mechanical testing digital image correlation; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zimmerli, Gregory A.
AU  - Asipauskas, Marius
AU  - Van Dresar, Neil T.
T1  - Empirical correlations for the solubility of pressurant gases in cryogenic propellants
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 560
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: We have analyzed data published by others reporting the solubility of helium in liquid hydrogen, oxygen, and methane, and of nitrogen in liquid oxygen, to develop empirical correlations for the mole fraction of these pressurant gases in the liquid phase as a function of temperature and pressure. The data, compiled and provided by NIST, are from a variety of sources and covers a large range of liquid temperatures and pressures. The correlations were developed to yield accurate estimates of the mole fraction of the pressurant gas in the cryogenic liquid at temperature and pressures of interest to the propulsion community, yet the correlations developed are applicable over a much wider range. The mole fraction solubility of helium in all these liquids is less than 0.3% at the temperatures and pressures used in propulsion systems. When nitrogen is used as a pressurant for liquid oxygen, substantial contamination can result, though the diffusion into the liquid is slow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - SOLUBILITY
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - LIQUEFIED gases
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - METHANE
KW  - Cryogenic propellants
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Helium
KW  - Solubility
N1  - Accession Number: 53307583; Zimmerli, Gregory A. 1; Email Address: Gregory.A.Zimmerli@nasa.gov Asipauskas, Marius 2 Van Dresar, Neil T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 50 Issue 9, p556; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: SOLUBILITY; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: LIQUEFIED gases; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: METHANE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic propellants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solubility; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53307583&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bourke, Mary C.
AU  - Lancaster, Nick
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
AU  - Parteli, Eric J.R.
AU  - Zimbelman, James R.
AU  - Radebaugh, Jani
T1  - Extraterrestrial dunes: An introduction to the special issue on planetary dune systems
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 121
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Abstract: Aeolian dune fields have been described on Earth, Mars, Venus and Titan. The plethora of data returned from recent planetary missions has enabled a new era in planetary geomorphic studies. Much of our understanding of planetary dune systems comes from the application of Earth analogs, wind tunnel experiments and modeling studies. Despite the range of atmospheric pressures, composition and gravity, many of the dune forms on extraterrestrial surfaces are similar to those on Earth, although some have notable differences in bedform scale and composition. As an introduction to the special issue on planetary dune systems this paper summarizes the current state of knowledge of planetary dune studies and highlights outstanding questions that require further investigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - ASTROGEOLOGY
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - EOLIAN processes
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Aeolian
KW  - Dune
KW  - Earth
KW  - Mars
KW  - Titan
KW  - Venus
N1  - Accession Number: 51809981; Bourke, Mary C. 1,2; Email Address: mbourke@psi.edu Lancaster, Nick 3 Fenton, Lori K. 4 Parteli, Eric J.R. 5 Zimbelman, James R. 6 Radebaugh, Jani 7; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E Ft Lowell, #106, Tucson AZ, USA  2: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom  3: Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512, USA  4: Carl Sagan Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60455-900 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil  6: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, MRC 315, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013-7012, USA  7: Department of Geological Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 121 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: ASTROGEOLOGY; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: EOLIAN processes; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeolian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dune; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2010.04.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=51809981&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
AU  - Hayward, Rosalyn K.
T1  - Southern high latitude dune fields on Mars: Morphology, aeolian inactivity, and climate change
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 121
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 121
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Abstract: In a study area spanning the martian surface poleward of 50° S., 1190 dune fields have been identified, mapped, and categorized based on dune field morphology. Dune fields in the study area span ∼ 116400km2, leading to a global dune field coverage estimate of ∼904000km2, far less than that found on Earth. Based on distinct morphological features, the dune fields were grouped into six different classes that vary in interpreted aeolian activity level from potentially active to relatively inactive and eroding. The six dune field classes occur in specific latitude zones, with a sequence of reduced activity and degradation progressing poleward. In particular, the first signs of stabilization appear at ∼60° S., which broadly corresponds to the edge of high concentrations of water-equivalent hydrogen content (observed by the Neutron Spectrometer) that have been interpreted as ground ice. This near-surface ground ice likely acts to reduce sand availability in the present climate state on Mars, stabilizing high latitude dunes and allowing erosional processes to change their morphology. As a result, climatic changes in the content of near-surface ground ice are likely to influence the level of dune activity. Spatial variation of dune field classes with longitude is significant, suggesting that local conditions play a major role in determining dune field activity level. Dune fields on the south polar layered terrain, for example, appear either potentially active or inactive, indicating that at least two generations of dune building have occurred on this surface. Many dune fields show signs of degradation mixed with crisp-brinked dunes, also suggesting that more than one generation of dune building has occurred since they originally formed. Dune fields superposed on early and late Amazonian surfaces provide potential upper age limits of ∼100My on the south polar layered deposits and ∼3Ga elsewhere at high latitudes. No craters are present on any identifiable dune fields, which can provide a lower age limit through crater counting: assuming all relatively stabilized dune fields represent a single noncontiguous surface of uniform age, their estimated crater retention age is <∼10000years. An average-sized uncratered dune field (94km2) has a crater retention age <∼8My. This apparent youth suggests that present-day climate conditions are responsible for the observed degradation and reduced level of aeolian activity. A lack of observed transport pathways and the absence of large dune fields in the largest basins (Hellas and Argyre Planitiae) are consistent with the previously proposed idea that dune sands are not typically transported far from their source regions on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - EOLIAN processes
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - WIND erosion
KW  - GEOGRAPHICAL positions
KW  - ASTROGEOLOGY
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Aeolian
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Dunes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary geomorphology
N1  - Accession Number: 51809988; Fenton, Lori K. 1; Email Address: lfenton@carlsagancenter.org Hayward, Rosalyn K. 2; Email Address: rhayward@usgs.gov; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Astrogeology, U. S. Geological Survey, 2255 North Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ, 86001, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 121 Issue 1/2, p98; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: EOLIAN processes; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: WIND erosion; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHICAL positions; Subject Term: ASTROGEOLOGY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeolian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dunes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary geomorphology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2009.11.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Mengshoel, Ole J.
AU  - Chavira, Mark
AU  - Cascio, Keith
AU  - Poll, Scott
AU  - Darwiche, Adnan
AU  - Uckun, Serdar
T1  - Probabilistic Model-Based Diagnosis: An Electrical Power System Case Study.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 874
EP  - 885
SN  - 10834427
AB  - We present in this paper a case study of the probabilistic approach to model-based diagnosis. Here, the diagnosed system is a real-world electrical power system (EPS), i.e., the Advanced Diagnostic and Prognostic Testbed (ADAPT) located at the NASA Ames Research Center. Our probabilistic approach is formally well founded and based on Bayesian networks (BNs) and arithmetic circuits (ACs). We pay special attention to meeting two of the main challenges often associated with real-world application of model-based diagnosis technologies: model development and real-time reasoning. To address the challenge of model development, we develop a systematic approach to representing EPSs as BNs, supported by an easy-to-use specification language. To address the real-time reasoning challenge, we compile BNs into ACs. AC evaluation (ACE) supports real-time diagnosis by being predictable, fast, and exact. In experiments with the ADAPT BN, which contains 503 discrete nodes and 579 edges and produces accurate results, the time taken to compute the most probable explanation using ACs has a mean of 0.2625 ms and a standard deviation of 0.2028 ms. In comparative experiments, we found that, while the variable elimination and join tree propagation algorithms also perform very well in the ADAPT setting, ACE was an order of magnitude or more faster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - ELECTRIC power systems
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - REAL-time computing
KW  - REASONING (Logic)
KW  - Adaptation model
KW  - Aerospace
KW  - arithmetic circuits (ACs)
KW  - Batteries
KW  - Bayesian networks (BNs)
KW  - domain modeling
KW  - electrical power systems (EPSs)
KW  - Inference algorithms
KW  - Integrated circuit modeling
KW  - knowledge engineering
KW  - model-based diagnosis
KW  - Probabilistic logic
KW  - real-time systems
KW  - Relays
KW  - Sensors
KW  - uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 53047345; Mengshoel, Ole J. 1,2; Email Address: Ole.Mengshoel@sv.cmu.edu Chavira, Mark 3; Email Address: chavira@cs.ucla.edu Cascio, Keith 3; Email Address: keith@cs.ucla.edu Poll, Scott 4; Email Address: Scott.Poll@nasa.gov Darwiche, Adnan 3; Email Address: darwiche@cs.ucla.edu Uckun, Serdar 1,5; Email Address: Serdar.Uckun@parc.com; Affiliation:  1: Member, IEEE  2: Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA  3: Department of Computer Science, University of California, Los Angeles , CA, USA  4: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Embedded Reasoning Area, Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p874; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power systems; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: REAL-time computing; Subject Term: REASONING (Logic); Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace; Author-Supplied Keyword: arithmetic circuits (ACs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian networks (BNs); Author-Supplied Keyword: domain modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrical power systems (EPSs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Inference algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated circuit modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: knowledge engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 7 Charts; Document Type: Case Study
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2052037
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53047345&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Roychoudhury, Indranil
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
AU  - Koutsoukos, Xenofon D.
AU  - Patterson-Hine, Ann
AU  - Poll, Scott
T1  - A Comprehensive Diagnosis Methodology for Complex Hybrid Systems: A Case Study on Spacecraft Power Distribution Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 917
EP  - 931
SN  - 10834427
AB  - The application of model-based diagnosis schemes to real systems introduces many significant challenges, such as building accurate system models for heterogeneous systems with complex behaviors, dealing with noisy measurements and disturbances, and producing valuable results in a timely manner with limited information and computational resources. The Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed (ADAPT), which was deployed at the NASA Ames Research Center, is a representative spacecraft electrical power distribution system that embodies a number of these challenges. ADAPT contains a large number of interconnected components, and a set of circuit breakers and relays that enable a number of distinct power distribution configurations. The system includes electrical dc and ac loads, mechanical subsystems (such as motors), and fluid systems (such as pumps). The system components are susceptible to different types of faults, i.e., unexpected changes in parameter values, discrete faults in switching elements, and sensor faults. This paper presents Hybrid TRANSCEND, which is a comprehensive model-based diagnosis scheme to address these challenges. The scheme uses the hybrid bond graph modeling language to systematically develop computational models and algorithms for hybrid state estimation, robust fault detection, and efficient fault isolation. The computational methods are implemented as a suite of software tools that enable diagnostic analysis and testing through simulation, diagnosability studies, and deployment on the experimental testbed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - HYBRID systems
KW  - ELECTRIC power distribution
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - BOND graphs
KW  - Adaptation model
KW  - Circuit faults
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Distributed diagnosis
KW  - electrical power distribution systems
KW  - hybrid bond graphs (HBGs)
KW  - hybrid systems
KW  - Integrated circuit modeling
KW  - Junctions
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - model-based diagnosis
KW  - Switches
N1  - Accession Number: 53047342; Daigle, Matthew J. 1,2; Email Address: matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov Roychoudhury, Indranil 1,3; Email Address: indranil.roychoudhury@nasa.gov Biswas, Gautam 4,5; Email Address: gautam.biswas@vanderbilt.edu Koutsoukos, Xenofon D. 4,6; Email Address: xenofon.koutsoukos@vanderbilt.edu Patterson-Hine, Ann 4,7; Email Address: ann.patterson-hine@nasa.gov Poll, Scott 7; Email Address: scott.poll@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Member, IEEE  2: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  3: SGT, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: Senior Member, IEEE  5: Institute for Software Integrated Systems and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA  6: Institute for Software Integrated Systems and the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p917; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: HYBRID systems; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Subject Term: BOND graphs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circuit faults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrical power distribution systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid bond graphs (HBGs); Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated circuit modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Junctions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Switches; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Case Study
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2052038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kurien, James
AU  - R.-Moreno, María D.
T1  - Intrinsic Hurdles in Applying Automated Diagnosis and Recovery to Spacecraft.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 945
EP  - 958
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Experience developing and deploying model-based diagnosis (MBD) and recovery and other model-based technologies on a variety of testbeds and flight experiments led us to explore why our expectations about the impact of MBD on spacecraft operations have not been matched by effective benefits in the field. By MBD, we mean the problem of observing a mechanical, software, or other system and determining what failures its internal components have suffered using a generic inference algorithm and a model of the system's components and interconnections. These techniques are very attractive, suggesting a vision of machines that repair themselves, reduced costs for all kinds of endeavors, spacecraft that continue their missions even when failing, and so on. This promise inspired a broad range of activities, including our involvement over several years in flying the Livingstone and L2 onboard MBD and recovery systems as experiments on Deep Space 1 and Earth Observer 1 spacecraft. Yet, in the end, no spacecraft project adopted the technology in operations nor flew additional flight experiments. To our knowledge, no spacecraft project has adopted any other MBD technology in operations. In this paper, we present a cost/benefit analysis for MBD using expectations and experiences with Livingstone as an example. We provide an overview of common techniques for making spacecraft robust, citing fault protection schemes from recent missions. We lay out the cost, benefit, and risk advantages associated with onboard MBD and use the examples to probe each expected advantage in turn. We suggest a method for evaluating a mission that has already been flown and providing a rough estimate of the maximum value that a perfect onboard diagnosis and recovery system would have provided. By unpacking the events that must occur in order to provide value, we also identify the factors needed to compute the expected value that would be provided by a real diagnosis and recovery system. We then discuss the expected value we would estimate that such a system would have had for the Mars Exploration Rover mission. This has allowed us to identify the specific assumptions that made our expectations for MBD in this domain incorrect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - INFERENCE (Logic)
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - Benefits
KW  - cost
KW  - Engines
KW  - expected value
KW  - fault protection (FP)
KW  - Hardware
KW  - model-based diagnosis (MBD)
KW  - Propulsion
KW  - Software
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - spacecraft
KW  - Switches
KW  - Valves
N1  - Accession Number: 53047344; Kurien, James 1; Email Address: James.A.Kurien@nasa.gov R.-Moreno, María D. 2; Email Address: mdolores@aut.uah.es; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field , CA, USA  2: Departamento de Automática, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p945; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: INFERENCE (Logic); Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Benefits; Author-Supplied Keyword: cost; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: expected value; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault protection (FP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hardware; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based diagnosis (MBD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Switches; Author-Supplied Keyword: Valves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2010.2052035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guggilla, Vidya Sagar
AU  - Akyurtlu, Jale
AU  - Akyurtlu, Ates
AU  - Blankson, Isaiah
T1  - Steam Reforming of n-Dodecane over RuâNi-Based Catalysts.
JO  - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
JF  - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 49
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 8164
EP  - 8173
SN  - 08885885
AB  - Steam reforming of n-dodecane has been carried out with the goal of development of new and highly active catalysts for hydrogen production. Newly designed RuO-NiO-CeO2-Al2O3catalysts have been successfully prepared with various loadings of Ni by solâgel method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2TPD, BET surface area, temperature-programmed reduction (TPR), and temperature-programmed desorption of CO2(TPD of CO2) were used to characterize the prepared catalysts. The coke formation was studied by temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The reforming of n-dodecane was carried out in a microreactor and investigated at different reaction temperatures, space velocity, steam/carbon ratio, and time-on-stream. Characterization results reveal that the presence of Ru and CeO2enhances the catalyst reducibility. H2TPD and CO2TPD data indicate that 1 wt % Ru/2.5 wt % Ni/3 wt % CeO2/Al2O3(1R2.5N3CA) catalyst exhibits larger nickel surface area and higher basicity compared to all the other catalysts. The activity and hydrogen yield of the 1R2.5N3CA catalyst are significantly higher than those of the other nickel catalysts under the same experimental conditions. Catalytic stability is also enhanced by the presence of ruthenium in nickel catalysts. Such improvement indicates that ruthenium plays an important role in the catalytic action of nickel. Overall, the bimetallic 1R2.5N3CA may be an effective catalyst for the production of hydrogen from n-dodecane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL catalysts
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SURFACE area
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - RUTHENIUM
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - CERIUM oxides
N1  - Accession Number: 53380055; Guggilla, Vidya Sagar 1 Akyurtlu, Jale 1 Akyurtlu, Ates 1 Blankson, Isaiah 1; Affiliation:  1: Chemical Engineering Department, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, and NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 49 Issue 17, p8164; Subject Term: NICKEL catalysts; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SURFACE area; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ALKANES; Subject Term: RUTHENIUM; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: CERIUM oxides; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, Don J.
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
AU  - Rauser, Richard W.
AU  - Wincheski, Russell A.
AU  - Walker, James L.
AU  - Cosgriff, Laura A.
T1  - Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) for Characterizing Oxidation Damage in Cracked Reinforced Carbon-Carbon.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 652
EP  - 661
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - In this study, coated reinforced carbon-carbon (RCC) samples of similar structure and composition as that from the NASA space shuttle orbiter's thermal protection system were fabricated with slots in their coating simulating craze cracks. These specimens were used to study oxidation damage detection and characterization using nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. These specimens were heat treated in air at 1143°C and 1200°C to create cavities in the carbon substrate underneath the coating as oxygen reacted with the carbon and resulted in its consumption. The cavities varied in diameter from approximately 1 to 3 mm. Single-sided NDE methods were used because they might be practical for on-wing inspection, while X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) was used to measure cavity sizes in order to validate oxidation models under development for carbon-carbon materials. An RCC sample having a naturally cracked coating and subsequent oxidation damage was also studied with X-ray micro-CT. This effort is a follow-on study to one that characterized NDE methods for assessing oxidation damage in an RCC sample with drilled holes in the coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - METAL coating
N1  - Accession Number: 66324828; Roth, Don J. 1 Jacobson, Nathan S. 1 Rauser, Richard W. 2 Wincheski, Russell A. 3 Walker, James L. 4 Cosgriff, Laura A. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812  5: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio 44115; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p652; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: METAL coating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02372.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clancy, T.C.
AU  - Frankland, S.J.V.
AU  - Hinkley, J.A.
AU  - Gates, T.S.
T1  - Multiscale modeling of thermal conductivity of polymer/carbon nanocomposites
JO  - International Journal of Thermal Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Thermal Sciences
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1555
EP  - 1560
SN  - 12900729
AB  - Abstract: Molecular dynamics simulation was used to estimate the interfacial thermal (Kapitza) resistance between nanoparticles and amorphous and crystalline polymer matrices. Bulk thermal conductivities of the nanocomposites were then estimated using an established effective medium approach. To study functionalization, oligomeric ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymers were chemically bonded to a single wall carbon nanotube. The results, in a poly(ethylene–vinyl acetate) matrix, are similar to those obtained previously for grafted linear hydrocarbon chains. To study the effect of non-covalent functionalization, two types of polyethylene matrices. -- aligned (extended-chain crystalline) vs. amorphous (random coils) were modeled. Both matrices produced the same interfacial thermal resistance values. Finally, functionalization of edges and faces of plate-like graphite nanoparticles was found to be only modestly effective in reducing the interfacial thermal resistance and improving the composite thermal conductivity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Thermal Sciences is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - VINYL acetate
KW  - ETHYLENE
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - Nanocomposite
KW  - Polymer
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Thermal conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 52330035; Clancy, T.C. 1; Email Address: tclancy@nianet.org Frankland, S.J.V. 1 Hinkley, J.A. 2 Gates, T.S. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 49 Issue 9, p1555; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: VINYL acetate; Subject Term: ETHYLENE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2010.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banks, H. T.
AU  - Boudreaux, Brittany
AU  - Criner, Amanda Keck
AU  - Foster, Krista
AU  - Uttal, Cerena
AU  - Vogel, Thomas
AU  - Winfree, William P.
T1  - Thermal-based damage detection in porous materials.
JO  - Inverse Problems in Science & Engineering
JF  - Inverse Problems in Science & Engineering
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 835
EP  - 851
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 17415977
AB  - We report here on the use of the heat equation to simulate a thermal interrogation method for detecting damage in a heterogeneous porous material. We first use probability schemes to randomly generate pores in a sample material; then we simulate flash heating of the compartment along one of its boundaries. Temperature data along the source and back boundaries are recorded and then analysed to distinguish differences between the undamaged and damaged materials. These results suggest that it is possible to detect damage of a certain size within a porous medium using thermal interrogation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Inverse Problems in Science & Engineering is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - computational methods
KW  - damage detection
KW  - material with porosity
KW  - random porosity
KW  - thermal interrogation
N1  - Accession Number: 52815659; Banks, H. T. 1; Email Address: htbanks@ncsu.edu Boudreaux, Brittany 1 Criner, Amanda Keck 1 Foster, Krista 2 Uttal, Cerena 3 Vogel, Thomas 4 Winfree, William P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA  2: Department of Mathematics, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, OH, USA  3: Department of Mathematics, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA, USA  4: Department of Mathematics, University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK  5: Nondestructive Evaluation Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p835; Subject Term: HEAT equation; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: POROSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: computational methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: material with porosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: random porosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal interrogation; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/17415977.2010.498912
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palopo, Kee
AU  - Windhorst, Robert D.
AU  - Suharwardy, Salman
AU  - Hak-Tae Lee
T1  - Wind-Optimal Routing in the National Airspace System.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1584
EP  - 1592
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A study analyzing the economic cost and benefit impacts of different flight routing methods in the National Airspace System is presented. It compares wind-optimal routes and filed flight routes for 365 days of traffic, from 2005 to 2007, in class A airspace. Routing differences are measured by flight time, fuel burn, sector loading, conflict counts, and airport arrival rates. From the results, wind-optimal routes exhibit an average per-flight time saving of 2.7 min and an average fuel saving of 210 lb, compared to filed flight routes. In addition, the airport arrival rates at the top 73 U.S. domestic airports do not show notable differences between wind-optimal routing and filed flight routing. The study shows an average of 29% fewer conflicts. Finally, wind-optimal routes have, at most, one high-altitude sector with increased sector workload than filed flight routes at any time instance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - AIR traffic capacity
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRSPACE (Law)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel consumption
KW  - AIRLINE industry -- Timetables
N1  - Accession Number: 55793246; Palopo, Kee 1 Windhorst, Robert D. 1 Suharwardy, Salman 2 Hak-Tae Lee 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: University Affiliated Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p1584; Subject Term: AIRWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: AIR traffic capacity; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRSPACE (Law); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel consumption; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry -- Timetables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 12 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C000208
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kontinos, Dean A.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
T1  - Introduction: Atmospheric Entry of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 705
EP  - 707
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The article offers information on the atmospheric entry of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule (SRC). It relates the successful delivery of SRC of its cargo of cometary ejecta particles to the awaiting recovery team at the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) on January 15, 2006. It describes the Stardust SRC, which was constructed by the Lockheed Martin Space Systems Co. The specific aspects of the flight data sources are elaborated.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - LOCKHEED Martin Space Systems Co.
N1  - Accession Number: 54736391; Kontinos, Dean A. 1 Wright, Michael J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p705; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Company/Entity: LOCKHEED Martin Space Systems Co.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.51522
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boyd, Iain D.
AU  - Trumble, Kerry A.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
T1  - Modeling of Stardust Entry at High Altitude, Part 1: Flowfield Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 708
EP  - 717
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Stardust sample return capsule entered the Earth's atmosphere at a very energetic velocity of 12.6 km/s. In the present study, both continuum (computational fluid dynamics) and particle (direct simulation Monte Carlo) methods are used to analyze the forebody flow of the Stardust sample return capsule at altitudes of 81 and 71 km, where the flow is in the near-continuum regime. At the higher altitude, direct comparisons between baseline computational fluid dynamics and direct simulation Monte Carlo models give enormous differences in basic flowfield properties. To study the discrepancy between the solutions, a modified approach for determining the temperature used by computational fluid dynamics to control the dissociation and ionization reactions is investigated. The modified computational fluid dynamics and direct simulation Monte Carlo results are in significantly better agreement with each other, illustrating the strong sensitivity to chemistry modeling under these highly energetic conditions. Significant differences persist in temperatures near the capsule surface and in surface heat flux. Evaluation of local Knudsen numbers indicates that the flow experiences noncontinuum behavior in the shock front and at the capsule surface that explains the smaller heat flux predicted by direct simulation Monte Carlo. At the lower altitude, the flowfield results become less sensitive to details of the chemistry modeling, although noncontinuum effects are again predicted at the stagnation point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - GAMES of chance (Mathematics)
KW  - COMETS
N1  - Accession Number: 54736392; Boyd, Iain D. 1 Trumble, Kerry A. 2 Wright, Michael J. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2140  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p708; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: GAMES of chance (Mathematics); Subject Term: COMETS; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 23 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.37360
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Qualls, Garry D.
T1  - Stardust Entry Reconstruction.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 736
EP  - 740
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An overview of the reconstruction analyses performed for the Stardust capsule entry is described. The results indicate that the actual entry was very close to the preentry predictions. The capsule landed 8.1 km north-northwest of the desired target at the Utah Test and Training Range. Analyses of infrared video footage and radar range data (obtained from tracking stations) during the descent show that the drogue parachute deployment was 4.8 s later than the preentry prediction, whereas the main parachute deployment was 19.3 s earlier than the preset timer, indicating that the main deployment was actually triggered by the backup baroswitch. Reconstruction of a best estimated trajectory revealed that the aerodynamic drag experienced by the capsule during hypersonic flight was within 1% of preentry predictions. Observations of the heatshield support the preentry estimates of small hypersonic angles of attack, because there was very little, if any, charring of the shoulder region or the aftbody. Through this investigation, an overall assertion can be made that all the data gathered from the Stardust capsule entry were consistent with flight performance close to nominal preentry predictions. Consequently, the design principles and methodologies used for the flight dynamics, aerodynamics, and aerothermodynamics analyses have been corroborated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PARACHUTING
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 54736394; Desai, Prasun N. 1; Email Address: prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov Qualls, Garry D. 1; Email Address: garry.d.qualls@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p736; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PARACHUTING; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.37679
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54736394&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yen Liu
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh
AU  - Trumble, Kerry A.
AU  - Saunders, David
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - Radiation Modeling for the Reentry of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 741
EP  - 752
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A high-fidelity three-dimensional approach is developed to simulate emission signatures from the shock layer around the Stardust sample return capsule at several points on its best-estimated trajectory. Calculations are performed with various gas chemistry, thermodynamic, and radiation models. Results are compared against calibrated imaging data acquired by a slitless echelle spectrometer. The present analysis is based on flowfields computed without the inclusion of ablation products, and the comparison is focused on radiation from atomic oxygen and nitrogen lines. The purpose is to apply and improve, if necessary, the current models used in nonequilibrium atmospheric entry simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM statistical mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 54736395; Yen Liu 1; Email Address: yen.liu@nasa.gov Prabhu, Dinesh 2 Trumble, Kerry A. 1 Saunders, David 2 Jenniskens, Peter 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p741; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM statistical mechanics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.37813
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54736395&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trumble, Kerry A.
AU  - Cozmuta, Ioana
AU  - Sepka, Steve
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Winter, Michael
T1  - Postflight Aerothermal Analysis of Stardust Sample Return Capsule.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 774
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The reentry of the Stardust sample return capsule was captured by several optical instruments through an observation campaign aboard the NASA DC-8 airborne observatory. Flow environments obtained from computational fluid dynamics solutions are loosely coupled with material response modeling to predict the surface temperature and the observed continuum emission of Stardust throughout the reentry. The calculated surface temperatures are compared with the data from several spectral instruments onboard the airborne observatory, including the ECHELLE (echelle-based spectrograph for the crisp and high efficient detection of low light emission) camera and conventional spectrometer in Czerny-Turner configuration. The ECHELLE camera recorded spectral intensity at a period in the trajectory before peak heating. The graybody curves corresponding to the average and area-averaged surface temperatures predicted by the computational fluid dynamics and material response coupled simulation have excellent agreement with the recorded data at altitudes lower than 74 km. At these altitudes, the computational fluid dynamics and material response coupling agrees with the surface temperature to within 50 K. The computational fluid dynamics calculation without the material response modeling overestimates surface temperatures because it does not take into account such things as ablation. The overprediction of the computational fluid dynamics and material response simulated surface temperature early in the trajectory coincides with high-emission intensity lines corresponding to thermal paint products. The presence of paint on the heat shield could have contributed to the lower observed surface temperatures and could explain the overprediction by the simulated data, which does not account for the paint. The average surface temperatures resulting from the spectrometer in Czerny-Turner configuration telescope analysis agree to within less than 5% with the average surface temperatures predicted by the material response. This observation period included the point of peak heating. The calculated flux based on the surface temperature agrees well with the observed flux. Surface temperature is one of the critical parameters used in the design of thermal protection systems, because it is an indicator of material performance. The coupled computational fluid dynamics and material response approach employed in the present analysis increases confidence for future missions such as the crew exploration vehicle Orion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OPTICAL instruments
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 54736398; Trumble, Kerry A. 1 Cozmuta, Ioana 2 Sepka, Steve 2 Jenniskens, Peter 3 Winter, Michael 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p765; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OPTICAL instruments; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446130 Optical Goods Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.41514
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54736398&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yih-Kanq Chen
AU  - Milos, Frank S.
AU  - Görkçen, Tahir
T1  - Loosely Coupled Simulation for Two-Dimensional Ablation and Shape Change.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 775
EP  - 785
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The central focus of this study is to demonstrate that time-accurate solutions for multidimensional ablation and shape change of thermal protection system materials may be obtained by loose coupling of a high-fidelity flow solver with a material thermal response code. In this study, the flow code solves the nonequilibrium Navier-Stokes equations using the data-parallel line-relaxation (DPLR) method. The material response code is the latest version of the Two-dimensional Implicit Thermal Response and Ablation Program (TITAN). In TITAN, the governing equations, which include a three-component decomposition model and a surface energy balance with thermochemical ablation, are solved with a robust moving-grid scheme to predict the shape change caused by surface recession. Coupling between the material response and flow codes is required for many multidimensional ablation simulations, because the magnitude and distribution of the surface heat flux are very sensitive to shape change. This paper demonstrates the application of the TITAN-DPLR system to problems with large-scale recession and shape change. Ablation and thermal response simulations are presented for iso-q and flat-faced arc-jet test models and also for a wedge with a cylindrical leading edge exposed to hypersonic flow at various angles of attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SURFACE energy
N1  - Accession Number: 54736399; Yih-Kanq Chen 1 Milos, Frank S. 1 Görkçen, Tahir 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p775; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.39667
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54736399&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milos, F. S.
AU  - Chen, Y.-K.
T1  - Ablation and Thermal Response Property Model Validation for Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 786
EP  - 805
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Phenolic impregnated carbon ablator was the heat-shield material for the Stardust probe and was considered as a candidate heat-shield material for the Orion Crew Module. As part of the heat-shield qualification for Orion, physical and thermal properties were measured for newly manufactured material, including emissivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, elemental composition, and thermal decomposition rates. Based on these properties, an ablation and thermal-response model was developed for temperatures up to 3500 K and pressures up to 100 kPa. The model includes transversely isotropic and pressure-dependent thermal conductivity. In this work, model validation is accomplished by comparison of predictions with data from many arcjet tests conducted over a range of stagnation heat flux and pressure from 107 W/cm² at 2.3 kPa to 1100 W/cm² at 84 kPa. Over the entire range of test conditions, model predictions compare well with measured recession, maximum surface temperatures, in-depth temperatures, and char depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 54736400; Milos, F. S. 1 Chen, Y.-K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p786; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.42949
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54736400&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reda, D. C.
AU  - Wilder, M. C.
AU  - Prabhu, D. K.
T1  - Transition Experiments on Blunt Bodies with Isolated Roughness Elements in Hypersonic Flight.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/09//Sep/Oct2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 828
EP  - 835
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Smooth titanium hemispheres with isolated three-dimensional surface-roughness elements were flown in the NASA Ames Research Center hypersonic ballistic range through quiescent CO2 and air environments. Global surface intensity (temperature) distributions were optically measured and thermal wakes behind individual roughness elements were analyzed to define tripping effectiveness. Real-gas Navier-Stokes calculations of model flowfields, including laminar boundary-layer development in these flowfields, were conducted to predict key dimensionless parameters used to correlate transition on blunt bodies in hypersonic flow. For isolated roughness elements totally immersed within the laminar boundary layer, critical roughness Reynolds numbers for flights in air were found to be higher than those measured for flights in CO2; i.e., it was easier to trip the CO2 boundary layer to turbulence. Tripping effectiveness was found to be dependent on trip location within the subsonic region of the blunt-body flowfield, with effective tripping being most difficult to achieve for elements positioned closest to the stagnation point. Direct comparisons of critical roughness Reynolds numbers for three-dimensional isolated versus three-dimensional distributed roughness elements for flights in air showed that distributed roughness patterns were significantly more effective at tripping the blunt-body laminar boundary layer to turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM group
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 54736403; Reda, D. C. 1 Wilder, M. C. 1 Prabhu, D. K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086-7607; Source Info: Sep/Oct2010, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p828; Subject Term: TITANIUM group; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.49112
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54736403&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen-Nan Sun
AU  - Gupta, Mool C.
AU  - Taminger, Karen M. B.
T1  - Electron Beam Sintering of Zirconium Diboride.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 93
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2484
EP  - 2486
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Electron beam sintering of ultra-high-temperature ceramic material of zirconium diboride (ZrB2) was successfully carried out. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the sintered layer had smooth surface morphology. Significant grain growth was observed by increasing the electron beam current density. More uniform and finer microstructures could be obtained using high beam currents and short dwell times. Chemical composition analysis confirmed that sintering in a vacuum environment could minimize boron loss. X-ray diffraction results revealed that the sintered layer mainly preserved the crystalline phase from the starting powder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - ZIRCONIUM
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - SINTERING
N1  - Accession Number: 53418683; Chen-Nan Sun 1 Gupta, Mool C. 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu Taminger, Karen M. B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681.; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 93 Issue 9, p2484; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: SINTERING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03832.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53418683&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salem, Jonathan A.
AU  - Ghosn, Louis J.
T1  - Back-Face Strain for Monitoring Stable Crack Extension in Precracked Flexure Specimens.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 93
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2804
EP  - 2813
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Calibrations relating back-face strain (BFS) to crack length in precracked flexure specimens were developed for different strain gage sizes. The functions were verified via experimental compliance measurements of notched and precracked ceramic beams. Good agreement between the functions and experiments occurred, and fracture toughness was calculated using several operational methods: maximum test load and optically measured precrack length; load at 2% crack extension and optical precrack length; and maximum load and BFS crack length. All the methods gave comparable results. The initiation toughness, KIi, was also estimated from the initial compliance and load. The results demonstrate that the stability of precracked ceramic specimens tested in four-point flexure is a common occurrence, and that methods such as remotely monitored load-point displacement are only adequate for detecting stable extension of relatively deep cracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - BUILDING materials
KW  - FLEXURE
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 53418751; Salem, Jonathan A. 1; Email Address: jonathan.a.salem@nasa.gov Ghosn, Louis J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio.; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 93 Issue 9, p2804; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: BUILDING materials; Subject Term: FLEXURE; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416310 General-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03753.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53418751&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCandless, David
AU  - McCandless, Jeffrey
T1  - Gene therapy for epilepsy.
JO  - Metabolic Brain Disease
JF  - Metabolic Brain Disease
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 363
EP  - 366
SN  - 08857490
KW  - GENE therapy
KW  - EPILEPSY
KW  - ANTICONVULSANTS
KW  - NEUROPEPTIDE Y
KW  - HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain)
KW  - NEUROTRANSMITTERS
KW  - NEUROPEPTIDES
KW  - PILOCARPINE
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - Antiepileptic drugs
KW  - Epilepsy
KW  - Gene therapy
KW  - Hippocampus
KW  - Neuropeptide Y
KW  - Viral vectors
N1  - Accession Number: 54940805; McCandless, David 1; Email Address: David.McCandless@rosalindfranklin.edu McCandless, Jeffrey 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p363; Subject Term: GENE therapy; Subject Term: EPILEPSY; Subject Term: ANTICONVULSANTS; Subject Term: NEUROPEPTIDE Y; Subject Term: HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain); Subject Term: NEUROTRANSMITTERS; Subject Term: NEUROPEPTIDES; Subject Term: PILOCARPINE; Subject Term: RATS as laboratory animals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiepileptic drugs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epilepsy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene therapy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hippocampus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neuropeptide Y; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral vectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11011-010-9209-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54940805&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shan, Hongzhang
AU  - Blagojević, Filip
AU  - Min, Seung-Jai
AU  - Hargrove, Paul
AU  - Jin, Haoqiang
AU  - Fuerlinger, Karl
AU  - Koniges, Alice
AU  - Wright, Nicholas J.
T1  - A programming model performance study using the NAS parallel benchmarks.
JO  - Scientific Programming
JF  - Scientific Programming
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 167
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10589244
AB  - Harnessing the power of multicore platforms is challenging due to the additional levels of parallelism present. In this paper we use the NAS Parallel Benchmarks to study three programming models, MPI, OpenMP and PGAS to understand their performance and memory usage characteristics on current multicore architectures. To understand these characteristics we use the Integrated Performance Monitoring tool and other ways to measure communication versus computation time, as well as the fraction of the run time spent in OpenMP. The benchmarks are run on two different Cray XT5 systems and an Infiniband cluster. Our results show that in general the three programming models exhibit very similar performance characteristics. In a few cases, OpenMP is significantly faster because it explicitly avoids communication. For these particular cases, we were able to re-write the UPC versions and achieve equal performance to OpenMP. Using OpenMP was also the most advantageous in terms of memory usage. Also we compare performance differences between the two Cray systems, which have quad-core and hex-core processors. We show that at scale the performance is almost always slower on the hex-core system because of increased contention for network resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Programming is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - UPC (Computer program language)
KW  - COMPUTER storage devices
KW  - COMPUTER networks
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - memory usage
KW  - MPI
KW  - OpenMP
KW  - performance study
KW  - Programming model
KW  - UPC
N1  - Accession Number: 57434652; Shan, Hongzhang 1; Email Address: hshan@lbl.gov Blagojević, Filip 1 Min, Seung-Jai 1 Hargrove, Paul 1 Jin, Haoqiang 2 Fuerlinger, Karl 3 Koniges, Alice 4 Wright, Nicholas J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Future Technology Group, Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA  2: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: University of California at Berkeley, EECS Department, Computer Science Division, Berkeley, CA, USA  4: NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 18 Issue 3/4, p153; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: UPC (Computer program language); Subject Term: COMPUTER storage devices; Subject Term: COMPUTER networks; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: memory usage; Author-Supplied Keyword: MPI; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP; Author-Supplied Keyword: performance study; Author-Supplied Keyword: Programming model; Author-Supplied Keyword: UPC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3233/SPR-2010-0306
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57434652&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lei Huang
AU  - Haoqiang Jin
AU  - Liqi Yi
AU  - Chapman, Barbara
T1  - Enabling locality-aware computations in OpenMP.
JO  - Scientific Programming
JF  - Scientific Programming
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 181
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10589244
AB  - Locality of computation is key to obtaining high performance on a broad variety of parallel architectures and applications. It is moreover an essential component of strategies for energy-efficient computing. OpenMP is a widely available industry standard for shared memory programming. With the pervasive deployment of multi-core computers and the steady growth in core count, a productive programming model such as OpenMP is increasingly expected to play an important role in adapting applications to this new hardware. However, OpenMP does not provide the programmer with explicit means to program for locality. Rather it presents the user with a 'flat' memory model. In this paper, we discuss the need for explicit programmer control of locality within the context of OpenMP and present some ideas on how this might be accomplished. We describe potential extensions to OpenMP that would enable the user to manage a program's data layout and to align tasks and data in order to minimize the cost of data accesses. We give examples showing the intended use of the proposed features, describe our current implementation and present some experimental results. Our hope is that this work will lead to efforts that would help OpenMP to be a major player on emerging, multi- and many-core architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Programming is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - COMPUTER storage devices
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - Locality of computation
KW  - memory programming
KW  - OpenMP
KW  - programming models
N1  - Accession Number: 57434646; Lei Huang 1 Haoqiang Jin 2 Liqi Yi 1 Chapman, Barbara 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center , Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 18 Issue 3/4, p169; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: COMPUTER storage devices; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Locality of computation; Author-Supplied Keyword: memory programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP; Author-Supplied Keyword: programming models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334112 Computer Storage Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3233/SPR-2010-0307
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57434646&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jespersen, Dennis C.
T1  - Acceleration of a CFD code with a GPU.
JO  - Scientific Programming
JF  - Scientific Programming
Y1  - 2010/09//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 193
EP  - 201
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 10589244
AB  - The Computational Fluid Dynamics code OVERFLOW includes as one of its solver options an algorithm which is a fairly small piece of code but which accounts for a significant portion of the total computational time. This paper studies some of the issues in accelerating this piece of code by using a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). The algorithm needs to be modified to be suitable for a GPU and attention needs to be given to 64-bit and 32-bit arithmetic. Interestingly, the work done for the GPU produced ideas for accelerating the CPU code and led to significant speedup on the CPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Programming is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - GRAPHICS processing units (Computers)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - acceleration
KW  - CUDA
KW  - GPU
KW  - OVERFLOW code
N1  - Accession Number: 57434647; Jespersen, Dennis C. 1; Email Address: Dennis.Jespersen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 18 Issue 3/4, p193; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: GRAPHICS processing units (Computers); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: acceleration; Author-Supplied Keyword: CUDA; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPU; Author-Supplied Keyword: OVERFLOW code; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3233/SPR-2010-0309
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57434647&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - Milam, Stefanie N.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Mechanism for the abiotic synthesis of uracil via UV-induced oxidation of pyrimidine in pure H2O ices under astrophysical conditions.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2010/09/14/
VL  - 133
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 104303
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The UV photoirradiation of pyrimidine in pure H2O ices has been explored using second-order Mo\ller-Plesset perturbation theory and density functional theory methods, and compared with experimental results. Mechanisms studied include those starting with neutral pyrimidine or cationic pyrimidine radicals, and reacting with OH radical. The ab initio calculations reveal that the formation of some key species, including the nucleobase uracil, is energetically favored over others. The presence of one or several water molecules is necessary in order to abstract a proton which leads to the final products. Formation of many of the photoproducts in UV-irradiated H2O:pyrimidine=20:1 ice mixtures was established in a previous experimental study. Among all the products, uracil is predicted by quantum chemical calculations to be the most favored, and has been identified in experimental samples by two independent chromatography techniques. The results of the present study strongly support the scenario in which prebiotic molecules, such as the nucleobase uracil, can be formed under abiotic processes in astrophysically relevant environments, namely in condensed phase on the surface of icy, cold grains before being delivered to the telluric planets, like Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - URACIL
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - PYRIMIDINES
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 53711359; Bera, Partha P. 1; Email Address: partha.p.bera@nasa.gov Nuevo, Michel 1 Milam, Stefanie N. 1,2,3 Sandford, Scott A. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: timothy.j.lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrochemistry Lab, Code 691.0, Greenbelt, MD 20771; Source Info: 9/14/2010, Vol. 133 Issue 10, p104303; Subject Term: URACIL; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINES; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3478524
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53711359&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Adams, Daniel O.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
T1  - On the validity of the aluminum equivalent approximation in space radiation shielding applications
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/09/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 719
EP  - 727
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The origin of the aluminum equivalent shield approximation in space radiation analysis can be traced back to its roots in the early years of the NASA space programs (Mercury, Gemini and Apollo) wherein the primary radiobiological concern was the intense sources of ionizing radiation causing short term effects which was thought to jeopardize the safety of the crew and hence the mission. Herein, it is shown that the aluminum equivalent shield approximation, although reasonably well suited for that time period and to the application for which it was developed, is of questionable usefulness to the radiobiological concerns of routine space operations of the 21st century which will include long stays onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and perhaps the moon. This is especially true for a risk based protection system, as appears imminent for deep space exploration where the long-term effects of Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) exposure is of primary concern. The present analysis demonstrates that sufficiently large errors in the interior particle environment of a spacecraft result from the use of the aluminum equivalent approximation, and such approximations should be avoided in future astronaut risk estimates. In this study, the aluminum equivalent approximation is evaluated as a means for estimating the particle environment within a spacecraft structure induced by the GCR radiation field. For comparison, the two extremes of the GCR environment, the 1977 solar minimum and the 2001 solar maximum, are considered. These environments are coupled to the Langley Research Center (LaRC) deterministic ionized particle transport code High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN), which propagates the GCR spectra for elements with charges (Z) in the range 1⩽ Z ⩽28 (H–Ni) and secondary neutrons through selected target materials. The coupling of the GCR extremes to HZETRN allows for the examination of the induced environment within the interior of an idealized spacecraft as approximated by a spherical shell shield, and the effects of the aluminum equivalent approximation for a good polymeric shield material such as generic polyethylene (PE). The shield thickness is represented by a 25g/cm2 spherical shell. Although, one could imagine the progression to greater thickness, the current range will be sufficient to evaluate the qualitative usefulness of the aluminum equivalent approximation. Upon establishing the inaccuracies of the aluminum equivalent approximation through numerical simulations of the GCR radiation field attenuation for PE and aluminum equivalent PE spherical shells, we further present results for a limited set of commercially available, hydrogen rich, multifunctional polymeric constituents to assess the effect of the aluminum equivalent approximation on their radiation attenuation response as compared to the generic PE. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aluminum equivalent approximation
KW  - GCR
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - ISS
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 52877409; Badavi, Francis F. 1; Email Address: francis.f.badavi@nasa.gov Adams, Daniel O. 2; Email Address: adams@mech.utah.edu Wilson, John W. 3; Email Address: jwilson61@cox.net; Affiliation:  1: Christopher Newport University, 1 University Place, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  2: University of Utah, 50S. Central Campus Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p719; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum equivalent approximation; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISS; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.04.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52877409&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaba, T.C.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Clowdsley, M.S.
AU  - Walker, S.A.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
T1  - An improved neutron transport algorithm for HZETRN
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/09/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 800
EP  - 810
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Long-term human presence in space requires the inclusion of radiation constraints in mission planning and the design of shielding materials, structures and vehicles. It is necessary to expose the numerical tools commonly used in radiation analyses to extensive verification, validation and uncertainty quantification. In this paper, the numerical error associated with energy discretization in HZETRN is addressed. An inadequate numerical integration scheme in the transport algorithm is shown to produce large errors in the low energy portion of the neutron and light ion fluence spectra. It is further shown that the errors result from the narrow energy domain of the neutron elastic cross section spectral distributions and that an extremely fine energy grid is required to resolve the problem under the current formulation. Since adding a sufficient number of energy points will render the code computationally inefficient, we revisit the light ion and neutron transport theory developed for HZETRN and focus on neutron elastic interactions. Two numerical methods (average value and collocation) are developed to provide adequate resolution in the energy domain and more accurately resolve the neutron elastic interactions. An energy grid convergence study is conducted to demonstrate the improved stability of the new methods. Based on the results of the convergence study and the ease of implementation, the average value method with a 100 point energy grid is found to be suitable for future use in HZETRN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUTRON transport theory
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - ELASTIC cross sections
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Dose
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - Neutron transport
KW  - Radiation constraints
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Space radiation transport
N1  - Accession Number: 52877419; Slaba, T.C. 1; Email Address: Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov Blattnig, S.R. 2; Email Address: Steve.R.Blattnig@nasa.gov Clowdsley, M.S. 2; Email Address: Martha.S.Clowdsley@nasa.gov Walker, S.A. 1; Email Address: Steven.A.Walker@nasa.gov Badavi, F.F. 3; Email Address: Francis.F.Badavi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, E&CS Building, Elkhorn Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid St., MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Christopher Newport University, 1 University Pl., Newport News, VA 23607, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p800; Subject Term: NEUTRON transport theory; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: ELASTIC cross sections; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dose; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation constraints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation transport; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.03.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52877419&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kminek, G.
AU  - Rummel, J.D.
AU  - Cockell, C.S.
AU  - Atlas, R.
AU  - Barlow, N.
AU  - Beaty, D.
AU  - Boynton, W.
AU  - Carr, M.
AU  - Clifford, S.
AU  - Conley, C.A.
AU  - Davila, A.F.
AU  - Debus, A.
AU  - Doran, P.
AU  - Hecht, M.
AU  - Heldmann, J.
AU  - Helbert, J.
AU  - Hipkin, V.
AU  - Horneck, G.
AU  - Kieft, T.L.
AU  - Klingelhoefer, G.
T1  - Report of the COSPAR mars special regions colloquium.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/09/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 811
EP  - 829
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: In this paper we present the findings of a COSPAR Mars Special Regions Colloquium held in Rome in 2007. We review and discuss the definition of Mars Special Regions, the physical parameters used to define Mars Special Regions, and physical features on Mars that can be interpreted as Mars Special Regions. We conclude that any region experiencing temperatures>−25°C for a few hours a year and a water activity>0.5 can potentially allow the replication of terrestrial microorganisms. Physical features on Mars that can be interpreted as meeting these conditions constitute a Mars Special Region. Based on current knowledge of the martian environment and the conservative nature of planetary protection, the following features constitute Mars Special regions: Gullies and bright streaks associated with them, pasted-on terrain, deep subsurface, dark streaks only on a case-by-case basis, others to be determined. The parameter definition and the associated list of physical features should be re-evaluated on a regular basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - GEOLOGICAL surveys
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Forward contamination
KW  - Low temperature
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary protection
KW  - Special regions
KW  - Water activity
N1  - Accession Number: 52877420; Kminek, G. 1 Rummel, J.D. 2 Cockell, C.S. 3; Email Address: c.s.cockell@open.ac.uk Atlas, R. 4 Barlow, N. 5 Beaty, D. 6 Boynton, W. 7 Carr, M. 8 Clifford, S. 9 Conley, C.A. 10 Davila, A.F. 11 Debus, A. 12 Doran, P. 13 Hecht, M. 6 Heldmann, J. 11 Helbert, J. 14 Hipkin, V. 15 Horneck, G. 16 Kieft, T.L. 17 Klingelhoefer, G. 18; Affiliation:  1: ESA-ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 Noordwijk, The Netherlands  2: East Carolina University, East Fifth Street, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA  3: Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK  4: University of Louisville, Louiseville, KY 40292, USA  5: Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-6010, USA  6: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, CA 91109-8001, USA  7: Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  8: United States Geological Survey Pacific Science Center, 400 Natural, Bridges Drive, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA  9: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd, Houston, TX 77058, USA  10: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA  11: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  12: CNES, Agence Française de l’Espace, 18, Avenue Edouard Belin 31 401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France  13: University of Illinois in Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL 60607, USA  14: DLR, Inst. fuer Planetenforschung, Berlin, Germany  15: Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Route de l’Aéroport, Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada J3Y 8Y9  16: DLR, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany  17: New Mexico Tech, 801 Leroy Pl., Socorro, NM 87801, USA  18: University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p811; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL surveys; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forward contamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Special regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water activity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.04.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crochet, Amanda P.
AU  - Kabir, Mohiuddin M.
AU  - Francis, Matthew B.
AU  - Paavola, Chad D.
T1  - Site-selective dual modification of periplasmic binding proteins for sensing applications
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2010/09/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 61
SN  - 09565663
AB  - Abstract: We have developed three sensitive and specific amino acid sensors based on bacterial periplasmic solute binding proteins. A site-specific amino-terminal transamination reaction provides a useful complement to cysteine chemistry for the covalent modification of biomolecules in this application. We demonstrate this combination to attach two different chromophores to a single biomolecule in two locations. The periplasmic glutamine binding protein from E. coli was modified with a pair of dyes suitable for fluorescence resonance energy transfer, and this conjugate exhibited an l-glutamine dependent optical response. Two periplasmic binding proteins from the thermophilic organism Thermotoga maritima, for arginine and aliphatic amino acids, were modified and evaluated similarly. All three conjugates manifested signal changes mediated by resonant energy transfer upon binding their respective ligands, with nanomolar dissociation constants and stereochemical specificity. This represents a readily generalizable method for construction of reagentless biosensors. The double-labeling strategy was also exploited for the surface attachment of a dye-labeled glutamine binding protein via a biotin–streptavidin interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARRIER proteins
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - BACTERIAL proteins
KW  - GLUTAMINE
KW  - AMINATION
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)
KW  - Glutamine binding protein
KW  - Periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs)
KW  - Reagentless sensor
KW  - Transamination
N1  - Accession Number: 53572283; Crochet, Amanda P. 1,2 Kabir, Mohiuddin M. 3 Francis, Matthew B. 1,2 Paavola, Chad D. 4; Email Address: Chad.Paavola@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA  2: Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: SETI Institute, 515N Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-15, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: CARRIER proteins; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: BACTERIAL proteins; Subject Term: GLUTAMINE; Subject Term: AMINATION; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET); Author-Supplied Keyword: Glutamine binding protein; Author-Supplied Keyword: Periplasmic binding proteins (PBPs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Reagentless sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transamination; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bios.2010.05.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Gokoglu, S.
AU  - Hegde, U.
T1  - The reduction of lunar regolith by carbothermal processing using methane
JO  - International Journal of Mineral Processing
JF  - International Journal of Mineral Processing
Y1  - 2010/09/15/
VL  - 96
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 61
SN  - 03017516
AB  - Abstract: The processing of lunar regolith for the production of oxygen is a key component of the In-Situ Resource Utilization plans currently being developed by NASA. In the carbothermal process, a portion of the surface of the regolith in a container is heated by exposure to a heat source so that a small zone of molten regolith is established. A continuous flow of methane is maintained over the molten regolith zone. In this paper, we discuss the development of a chemical conversion model of the carbothermal process to predict the rate of production of carbon monoxide. Our model is based on a mechanism where methane pyrolyzes when it comes in contact with the surface of the hot molten regolith to form solid carbon and hydrogen gas. Carbon is deposited on the surface of the melt, and hydrogen is released into the gas stream above the melt surface. We assume that the deposited carbon mixes in the molten regolith and reacts with metal oxides in a reduction reaction by which gaseous carbon monoxide is liberated. Carbon monoxide bubbles through the melt and is released into the gas stream. It is further processed downstream to ultimately produce oxygen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Mineral Processing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - METHANE
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Carbothermal processing
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Lunar regolith
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 53051242; Balasubramaniam, R. 1; Email Address: bala@grc.nasa.gov Gokoglu, S. 2; Email Address: suleyman.gokoglu@nasa.gov Hegde, U. 1; Email Address: uday.g.hegde@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research (NCSER), Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 96 Issue 1-4, p54; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbothermal processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrolysis; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.minpro.2010.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldsby, Jon C.
T1  - Temperature-dependent electrical and micromechanical properties of lanthanum titanate with additions of yttria
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: B
Y1  - 2010/09/15/
VL  - 172
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 248
EP  - 252
SN  - 09215107
AB  - Abstract: Temperature-dependent elastic properties were determined by establishing continuous flexural vibrations in the material at its lowest resonance frequency of 3kHz. The imaginary part of the complex impedance plotted as a function of frequency and temperature reveals a thermally activated peak, which decreases in magnitude as the temperature increases. Additions of yttria do not degrade the electromechanical in particularly the elastic and anelastic properties of lanthanum titanate. Y2O3/La2Ti2O7 exhibits extremely low internal friction and hence may be more mechanical fatigue-resistant at low strains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - LANTHANUM
KW  - TITANATES
KW  - YTTRIUM
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Electron states
KW  - Grain boundary
KW  - Ionic conduction
KW  - Oxides
N1  - Accession Number: 52306339; Goldsby, Jon C. 1; Email Address: Jon.C.Goldsby@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Sep2010, Vol. 172 Issue 3, p248; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: LANTHANUM; Subject Term: TITANATES; Subject Term: YTTRIUM; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron states; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundary; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionic conduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxides; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mseb.2010.05.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52306339&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glotch, Timothy D.
AU  - Lucey, Paul G.
AU  - Bandfield, Joshua L.
AU  - Greenhagen, Benjamin T.
AU  - Thomas, Ian R.
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Bowles, Neil
AU  - Wyatt, Michael B.
AU  - Allen, Carlton C.
AU  - Hanna, Kerri Donaldson
AU  - Paige, David A.
T1  - Highly Silicic Compositions on the Moon.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/09/17/
VL  - 329
IS  - 5998
M3  - Article
SP  - 1510
EP  - 1513
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Using data from the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment, we show that four regions of the Moon previously described as "red spots" exhibit mid-infrared spectra best explained by quartz, silica-rich glass, or alkali feldspar. These lithologies are consistent with evolved rocks similar to lunar granites in the Apollo samples. The spectral character of these spots is distinct from surrounding mare and highlands material and from regions composed of pure plagioclase feldspar. The variety of landforms associated with the silicic spectral character suggests that both extrusive and intrusive silicic magmatism occurred on the Moon. Basaltic underplating is the preferred mechanism for silicic magma generation, leading to the formation of extrusive landforms. This mechanism or silicate liquid immiscibility could lead to the formation of intrusive bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR petrology
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - RESEARCH -- Methodology
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - LUNAR geology
N1  - Accession Number: 54056071; Glotch, Timothy D. 1; Email Address: tglotch@notes.cc.sunysb.edu Lucey, Paul G. 2 Bandfield, Joshua L. 3 Greenhagen, Benjamin T. 4 Thomas, Ian R. 5 Elphic, Richard C. 6 Bowles, Neil 5 Wyatt, Michael B. 7 Allen, Carlton C. 8 Hanna, Kerri Donaldson 6 Paige, David A. 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA  2: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, HI, USA  3: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  7: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rl, USA  8: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  9: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Source Info: 9/17/2010, Vol. 329 Issue 5998, p1510; Subject Term: LUNAR petrology; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Methodology; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: LUNAR geology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1192148
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barth, Timothy J.
T1  - Exploiting Properties of Entropy Symmetrization Variables to Simplify the Software Implementation of the Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Conservation Laws.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/09/30/
VL  - 1281
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 770
EP  - 773
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A mathematical construction is presented that simplifies the calculation of upwind numerical fluxes in the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method when entropy symmetrization variables are used. The construction obviates the need for the explicit calculation of left eigenvectors of the flux Jacobian matrices that usually appear in the calculation of upwind fluxes. This construction has been implemented in a finite element software library for general systems of conservation laws. The library is used in the software development of a general space-time discontinuous Galerkin method for compressible flow. This implementation permits both the primal analysis of compressible fluid flow as well as dual analysis for use in a posteriori error analysis and adaptive error control. Primal and dual computations of compressible flow are presented to demonstrate actual applications of the library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - EIGENVECTORS
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin
KW  - Entropy Variables
KW  - Finite Element Methods
KW  - Numerical Flux Functions
N1  - Accession Number: 53768804; Barth, Timothy J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035 USA; Source Info: 9/30/2010, Vol. 1281 Issue 1, p770; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: EIGENVECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy Variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite Element Methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical Flux Functions; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3498597
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doarn, Charles R.
AU  - Nicogossian, Arnauld E.
AU  - Grigoriev, Anatoly I.
AU  - Tverskaya, Galina
AU  - Orlov, Oleg I.
AU  - Ilyin, Eugene A.
AU  - Souza, Kenneth A.
T1  - A summary of activities of the US/Soviet-Russian joint working group on space biology and medicine
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 67
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 658
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The very foundation of cooperation between the United States (US) and Russia (former Soviet Union) in space exploration is a direct result of the mutual desire for scientific understanding and the creation of a collaborative mechanism—the Joint Working Group (JWG) on Space Biology and Medicine. From the dawn of the space age, it has been the quest of humankind to understand its place in the universe. While nations can and do solve problems independently, it takes nations, working together, to accomplish great things. The formation of the JWG provided an opportunity for the opening of a series of productive relationships between the superpowers, the US and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR); and served as a justification for continued relationship for medical assistance in spaceflight, and to showcase Earth benefits from space medicine research. This relationship has been played out on an international scale with the construction and operation of the International Space Station. The fundamental reason for this successful endeavor is a direct result of the spirit and perseverance of the men and women who have worked diligently side-by-side to promote science and move our understanding of space forward. This manuscript provides a historical perspective of the JWG; how it came about; its evolution; what it accomplished; and what impact it has had and continues to have in the 21st century with regard to human spaceflight and space life sciences research. It captures the spirit of this group, which has been in continuous existence for over 40 years, and provides a never before reported summary of its activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - INTERNATIONAL cooperation
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in biology
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - RUSSIA
KW  - Biosatellite
KW  - Internation collaboration
KW  - Joint working group
KW  - Space life sciences
KW  - Spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 53302574; Doarn, Charles R. 1,2; Email Address: charles.doarn@uc.edu Nicogossian, Arnauld E. 2,3 Grigoriev, Anatoly I. 4 Tverskaya, Galina 5 Orlov, Oleg I. 4 Ilyin, Eugene A. 4 Souza, Kenneth A. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA  2: George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA  3: Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA  4: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia  5: Lockheed Martin Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  6: Logyx, LLC, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 67 Issue 7/8, p649; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL cooperation; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in biology; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Subject Term: RUSSIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosatellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Internation collaboration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joint working group; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.05.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pines, Vladimir
AU  - Zlatkowski, Marianna
AU  - Chait, Arnon
T1  - Kinetic theory of sheath formation in solar wind plasma
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 46
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 942
EP  - 959
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We present a general self-consistent kinetic theory for plasma sheath formation in solar wind plasma. The theory could be applied to anisotropic, as well as to isotropic collisionless plasma without resorting to any simplifications, limitations, or assumptions, such as the necessary existence of a ‘pre-sheath’ region of ions acceleration to ensure the Bohm criterion. The kinetic framework is first applied to sheath formation around an arbitrary oriented planar absorbing surface, charged by solar wind anisotropic plasma, under the condition of negligible photoelectric effect. We then make use of our kinetic approach for the plane geometry in isotropic collisionless plasma, as a particular case of a planar electrode orientation parallel to plasma streaming velocity, also analyzing the sheath structure around spherical and cylindrical absorbing electrodes submerged in isotropic collisionless plasma. Obtained results demonstrate principal differences in spatial charge distributions in sheath regions between spherical or cylindrical electrodes of large size and an unbound planar surface submerged in isotropic plasma. In the case of a planar electrode, we directly compare results obtained in our kinetic and hydrodynamic theories and conventional hydrodynamic theory of plasma sheath formation. The outcome from the present study have direct implications to the analysis of plasma sheath structure and associated distribution in space of charged dust grains, which is relevant to the moon exploration near the optical terminator region or in shadowed craters in the moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KINETIC theory of gases
KW  - PLASMA sheaths
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - PHOTOELECTRICITY
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Dusty plasma
KW  - Moon environment
KW  - Solar wind plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 53051967; Pines, Vladimir; Email Address: vpines@oh.rr.com Zlatkowski, Marianna 1 Chait, Arnon 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 444135, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 46 Issue 7, p942; Subject Term: KINETIC theory of gases; Subject Term: PLASMA sheaths; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dusty plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind plasma; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53051967&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frost, S.A.
AU  - Balas, M.J.
T1  - Evolving systems: Adaptive key component control and inheritance of passivity and dissipativity
JO  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
JF  - Applied Mathematics & Computation
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 217
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1044
SN  - 00963003
AB  - Abstract: We propose a new framework called Evolving Systems to describe the self-assembly, or autonomous assembly, of actively controlled dynamical subsystems into an Evolved System with a higher purpose. Autonomous assembly of large, complex flexible structures in space is a target application for Evolving Systems. A critical requirement for autonomous assembling structures is that they remain stable during and after assembly. The fundamental topic of inheritance of stability, dissipativity, and passivity in Evolving Systems is the primary focus of this research. In this paper, we develop an adaptive key component controller to restore stability in Nonlinear Evolving Systems that would otherwise fail to inherit the stability traits of their components. We provide sufficient conditions for the use of this novel control method and demonstrate its use on an illustrative example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Mathematics & Computation is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - PASSIVITY-based control
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - SELF-organizing systems
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Dissipativity
KW  - Evolving systems
KW  - Passivity
KW  - Stability
N1  - Accession Number: 53968867; Frost, S.A. 1; Email Address: susan.a.frost@nasa.gov Balas, M.J. 2; Email Address: mbalas@uwyo.edu; Affiliation:  1: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 217 Issue 3, p1034; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: PASSIVITY-based control; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: SELF-organizing systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissipativity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolving systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Passivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.amc.2010.04.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunham, D. W.
AU  - Genova, A. L.
T1  - Using Venus for locating space observatories to discover potentially hazardous asteroids.
JO  - Cosmic Research
JF  - Cosmic Research
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 424
EP  - 429
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00109525
AB  - The paper outlines the history of space missions for discovery and observation of near-earth objects, whose orbits are within that of the Earth, with using Venus gravity to enter the orbits advantageous for observing the Atira asteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cosmic Research is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - IMPACT of asteroids with Earth
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - NEAR-Earth objects
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 54394445; Dunham, D. W. 1 Genova, A. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Kinet X, Inc., 7913 Kara Ct., Greenbelt, Maryland 20770-3016, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p424; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: IMPACT of asteroids with Earth; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: NEAR-Earth objects; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1134/S0010952510050084
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weikl, M. C.
AU  - Tedder, S. A.
AU  - Seeger, T.
AU  - Leipertz, A.
T1  - Investigation of porous media combustion by coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 775
EP  - 781
SN  - 07234864
AB  - High efficiency, marginal pollutant emissions and low fuel consumption are desirable standards for modern combustion devices. The porous burner technology is a modern type of energy conversion with a strong potential to achieve these standards. However, due to the solid ceramic framework investigation of the thermodynamic properties of combustion, for example temperature, is difficult. The combustion process inside the ceramic structure of a porous burner was experimentally investigated by coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS). In this work, we present measurements using dual-pump dual-broadband CARS (DP-DBB-CARS) of temperature and species concentrations inside the reaction and flue gas zone of a porous media burner. Improvements to the setup and data evaluation procedure in contrast to previous measurements are discussed in detail. The results at varied thermal power and stoichiometry are presented. In addition, measurements at a range of radial positions inside a pore are conducted and correlated with the solid structure of the porous foam, which was determined by X-ray computer tomography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - COMBUSTION engineering
KW  - FLUE gases
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - ENGINEERING -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 53912918; Weikl, M. C. 1,2 Tedder, S. A. 1 Seeger, T. 3; Email Address: ts@ltt.uni-erlangen.de Leipertz, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Lehrstuhl für Technische Thermodynamik (LTT), Am Weichselgarten 8, 91058 Erlangen, Germany  2: Linde AG, Engineering Division, Research and Development, 82049 Pullach, Germany  3: Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, 18 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p775; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: COMBUSTION engineering; Subject Term: FLUE gases; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Subject Term: ENGINEERING -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00348-010-0903-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiedinmyer, C.
AU  - Akagi, S. K.
AU  - Yokelson, R. J.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Al-Saadi, J. A.
AU  - Orlando, J. J.
AU  - Soja, A. J.
T1  - The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN) - a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning.
JO  - Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
JF  - Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 3
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2439
EP  - 2476
SN  - 19919611
AB  - The article discusses a research study which examines the Fire Inventory from National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) version 1.0 (FINNv1). It FINNv1 provides global estimates of trace gas emissions from open biomass burning such as wildfires. Moreover, it offers global estimates for key organic compounds including formaldehyde and methanol.
KW  - TRACE gases
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - FORMALDEHYDE
KW  - METHANOL
KW  - NATIONAL Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 70104760; Wiedinmyer, C. 1; Email Address: christin@ucar.edu Akagi, S. K. 2 Yokelson, R. J. 2 Emmons, L. K. 1 Al-Saadi, J. A. 3 Orlando, J. J. 1 Soja, A. J. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  2: University of Montana, Department of Chemistry, Missoula, MT, USA  3: NASA Headquarters, Washington DC, USA  4: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 4, p2439; Subject Term: TRACE gases; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: FORMALDEHYDE; Subject Term: METHANOL; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 38p; Illustrations: 9 Charts, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/gmdd-3-2439-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, K.E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Toon, O.B.
AU  - Head, James W.
T1  - Do ice caves exist on Mars?
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 209
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 358
EP  - 368
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We have developed a numerical model for assessing the lifetime of ice deposits in martian caves that are open to the atmosphere. Our model results and sensitivity tests indicate that cave ice would be stable over significant portions of the surface of Mars. Ice caves on Earth commonly occur in lava tubes, and Mars has been significantly resurfaced by volcanic activity during its history, including the two main volcanic provinces, the Tharsis and Elysium rises. These areas, known or suspected of having subsurface caves and related voids are among the most favorable regions for the occurrence of ice stability. The martian ice cave model predicts regions which, if caves occur, would potentially be areas of astrobiological importance as well as possible water sources for future human missions to Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE caves
KW  - LAVA tubes
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Ices
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 53411348; Williams, K.E. 1; Email Address: kaj.williams@gmail.com McKay, Christopher P. 1 Toon, O.B. 2 Head, James W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, LASP UCB 392, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA  3: Dept. of Geological Sciences, Brown University, 324 Brook Street, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02906, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 209 Issue 2, p358; Subject Term: ICE caves; Subject Term: LAVA tubes; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.03.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Luise, F.
AU  - Dotto, E.
AU  - Fornasier, S.
AU  - Barucci, M.A.
AU  - Pinilla-Alonso, N.
AU  - Perna, D.
AU  - Marzari, F.
T1  - A peculiar family of Jupiter Trojans: The Eurybates
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 209
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 586
EP  - 590
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The Eurybates family is a compact core inside the Menelaus clan, located in the L4 swarm of Jupiter Trojans. Fornasier et al. (Fornasier, S., Dotto, E., Hainaut, O., Marzari, F., Boehnhardt, H., De Luise, F., Barucci, M.A. [2007]. Icarus 190, 622–642) found that this family exhibits a peculiar abundance of spectrally flat objects, similar to Chiron-like Centaurs and C-type main belt asteroids. On the basis of the visible spectra available in literature, Eurybates family’s members seemed to be good candidates for having on their surfaces water/water ice or aqueous altered materials. To improve our knowledge of the surface composition of this peculiar family, we carried out an observational campaign at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG), obtaining near-infrared spectra of 7 members. Our data show a surprisingly absence of any spectral feature referable to the presence of water, ices or aqueous altered materials on the surface of the observed objects. Models of the surface composition are attempted, evidencing that amorphous carbon seems to dominate the surface composition of the observed bodies and some amount of silicates (olivine) could be present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - INFRARED telescopes
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - composition ( Asteroids )
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - surface ( Asteroids )
KW  - Trojan asteroids
N1  - Accession Number: 53411367; De Luise, F. 1,2; Email Address: deluise@oa-teramo.inaf.it Dotto, E. 1 Fornasier, S. 3,4 Barucci, M.A. 3 Pinilla-Alonso, N. 5,6 Perna, D. 1,3,7 Marzari, F. 8; Affiliation:  1: INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monteporzio Catone (Roma), Italy  2: INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania-Teramo, Via Mentore Maggini, s.n.c., 64100 Teramo (TE), Italy  3: LESIA, Paris Observatory, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  4: University of Paris VII “Denis Diderot”, 4 rue Elsa Morante, 75013 Paris, France  5: Fundación Galileo Galilei & Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, PO Box 565, 38700 S/C de La Palma, Tenerife, Spain  6: Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) – NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  7: University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy  8: Dipartimento di Fisica – University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 209 Issue 2, p586; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: INFRARED telescopes; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: composition ( Asteroids ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface ( Asteroids ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Trojan asteroids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.04.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Movshovitz, Naor
AU  - Bodenheimer, Peter
AU  - Podolak, Morris
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Formation of Jupiter using opacities based on detailed grain physics
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 209
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 616
EP  - 624
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Numerical simulations, based on the core-nucleated accretion model, are presented for the formation of Jupiter at 5.2AU in three primordial disks with three different assumed values of the surface density of solid particles. The grain opacities in the envelope of the protoplanet are computed using a detailed model that includes settling and coagulation of grains and that incorporates a recalculation of the grain size distribution at each point in time and space. We generally find lower opacities than the 2% of interstellar values used in previous calculations (Hubickyj, O., Bodenheimer, P., Lissauer, J.J. [2005]. Icarus 179, 415–431; Lissauer, J.J., Hubickyj, O., D’Angelo, G., Bodenheimer, P. [2009]. Icarus 199, 338–350). These lower opacities result in more rapid heat loss from and more rapid contraction of the protoplanetary envelope. For a given surface density of solids, the new calculations result in a substantial speedup in formation time as compared with those previous calculations. Formation times are calculated to be 1.0, 1.9, and 4.0Myr, and solid core masses are found to be 16.8, 8.9, and 4.7 M ⊕, for solid surface densities, σ, of 10, 6, and 4gcm−2, respectively. For σ =10 and σ =6gcm−2, respectively, these formation times are reduced by more than 50% and more than 80% compared with those in a previously published calculation with the old approximation to the opacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Accretion
KW  - Jovian planets
KW  - Jupiter, Interior
KW  - Planetary formation
N1  - Accession Number: 53411370; Movshovitz, Naor 1,2; Email Address: nmovshov@ucsc.edu Bodenheimer, Peter 3 Podolak, Morris 2 Lissauer, Jack J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Department of Geophysics and Planetary Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel  3: UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 209 Issue 2, p616; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jovian planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter, Interior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary formation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
T1  - Subsonic jet noise reduction by microjets - a parametric study.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 705
EP  - 732
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The effect of injecting tiny secondary jets ('μjets') on the radiated noise from a subsonic primary jet is studied experimentally. The μjets are injected on to the primary jet near the nozzle exit with variable port geometry, working fluid and driving pressure. Aclear reduction in the overall sound pressure level in the direction of peak noise radiation is observed that improves with increasing μjet pressure. It is found that smaller diameter ports with higher driving pressure, but involving less thrust and mass fraction, can produce better noise reduction. A collection of data from the present as well as past experiments is examined in an attempt to correlate the noise reduction with the operating parameters. The results indicate that the OASPL reduction, as monitored at a shallow angle, correlates with the ratio of μjet to primary jet driving pressures normalized by the ratio of corresponding diameters ( pμd/pjD). With gaseous injection, the spectral amplitudes decrease at lower frequencies while an increase is noted at higher frequencies. The amplitude 'crossover' is thought to be at least partly due to shock-associated noise from the underexpanded μjets themselves. Such crossover is not seen with water injection apparently because the flow in that case is incompressible and there is no shock-associated noise. Centerline velocity data show that larger noise reduction is accompanied by faster jet decay as well as significant reduction in turbulence intensities. While a physical understanding of the dependence of the noise reduction on pμd/pjD remains unclear, given this correlation, an analysis explains the observed dependence of the effect on various other parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VERY light jets
KW  - JET planes -- Noise
KW  - PREVENTION
KW  - WORKING fluids
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 52551422; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1; Email Address: Khairul.B.Zaman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p705; Subject Term: VERY light jets; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: WORKING fluids; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
T1  - Why Don't Pilots Submit More Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs)?
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2010/10//Oct-Dec2010
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 347
EP  - 374
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Pilot weather reports (PIREPs) are voluntary reports of actual weather conditions encountered by pilots during flight. Pilot weather reports are an ideal complement to observational and forecast weather products when they are submitted in sufficient quantity and detail. To determine the extent to which the pilot weather reporting system is being utilized, an archive containing all pilot weather reports submitted during the period from 2003 to 2008 was analyzed to assess the volume and content of PIREPs submitted. A total of 189 general aviation pilots were then asked to complete a survey designed to test the influence of 15 factors on the number of PIREPs they had submitted over the previous 12 months. The results help explain why pilots submit the number of PIREPs they do, and suggest steps that might help increase the volume of pilot weather reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Piloting
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL services
N1  - Accession Number: 54330294; Casner, Stephen M. 1; Email Address: stephen.casner@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Oct-Dec2010, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p347; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Piloting; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 15 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2010.487015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHAMIS, CHRISTOS C.
T1  - DYNAMIC BUCKLING AND POSTBUCKLING OF A COMPOSITE SHELL.
JO  - International Journal of Structural Stability & Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Structural Stability & Dynamics
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 791
EP  - 805
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02194554
AB  - A computationally effective method for evaluating the dynamic buckling and postbuckling of thin composite shells is described. It is a judicious combination of available computer codes for finite element, composite mechanics and incremental structural analysis. The solution method is an incrementally updated Lagrangian. It is illustrated by applying it to a thin composite cylindrical shell subjected to dynamic loads. Buckling loads are evaluated to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. A universal plot is obtained for the specific shell that can be used to approximate buckling loads for different dynamic loading rates. Results from this plot show that the faster the rate, the higher the buckling load and the shorter the time. They also show that the updated solution can be carried out in the postbuckling regime until the shell collapses completely. Comparisons with published literature indicate reasonable agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Structural Stability & Dynamics is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - LATTICE theory
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - LAGRANGIAN functions
KW  - accelerations
KW  - displacements
KW  - Finite element
KW  - updated Lagrangian
KW  - velocities
N1  - Accession Number: 52931454; CHAMIS, CHRISTOS C. 1; Email Address: Christos.C.Chamis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p791; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: LATTICE theory; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: accelerations; Author-Supplied Keyword: displacements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: updated Lagrangian; Author-Supplied Keyword: velocities; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1142/S0219455410003749
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - He, Chunmei
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
T1  - Geotechnical Properties of NT-LHT-2M Lunar Highland Simulant.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 218
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Future lunar explorations require a thorough understanding of the geotechnical properties of lunar soils. However, the small amount of lunar soil that was brought back to earth cannot satisfy the needs. A new lunar soil simulant, NU-LHT-2M, has been developed to simulate lunar regolith in the lunar highlands region. It is characterized to help the development of regolith-moving machines and vehicles that will be used in future missions to the moon. The simulant's particle size distribution, specific gravity, maximum and minimum densities, compaction characteristics, shear strength parameters and compressibility have been studied; and the results are compared with the information about lunar regolith provided in the Lunar Sourcebook. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Geotechnical engineering
KW  - Moon
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 53711925; Zeng, Xiangwu 1; Email Address: xxz16@cwru.edu He, Chunmei 2 Wilkinson, Allen 3; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201 (corresponding author)  2: Graduate Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201.  3: Research Scientist, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p213; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geotechnical engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53711925&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kennedy, Aaron D.
AU  - Xiquan Dong
AU  - Baike Xi
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Del Genio, Anthony D.
AU  - Wolf, Audrey B.
AU  - Khaiyer, Mandana M.
T1  - Evaluation of the NASA GISS Single-Column Model Simulated Clouds Using Combined Surface and Satellite Observations.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 23
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5175
EP  - 5192
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Three years of surface and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) data from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site are used to evaluate the NASA GISS Single Column Model (SCM) simulated clouds from January 1999 to December 2001. The GOES-derived total cloud fractions for both 0.5° and 2.5° grid boxes are in excellent agreement with surface observations, suggesting that ARM point observations can represent large areal observations. Low (<2 km), middle (2-6 km), and high (>6 km) levels of cloud fractions, however, have negative biases as compared to the ARM results due to multilayer cloud scenes that can either mask lower cloud layers or cause misidentifications of cloud tops. Compared to the ARM observations, the SCM simulated most midlevel clouds, overestimated low clouds (4%), and underestimated total and high clouds by 7% and 15%, respectively. To examine the dependence of the modeled high and low clouds on the large-scale synoptic patterns, variables such as relative humidity (RH) and vertical pressure velocity (omega) from North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data are included. The successfully modeled and missed high clouds are primarily associated with a trough and ridge upstream of the ARM SGP, respectively. The PDFs of observed high and low occurrence as a function of RH reveal that high clouds have a Gaussian-like distribution with mode RH values of ∼40%-50%, whereas low clouds have a gammalike distribution with the highest cloud probability occurring at RH ∼75%-85%. The PDFs of modeled low clouds are similar to those observed; however, for high clouds the PDFs are shifted toward higher values of RH. This results in a negative bias for the modeled high clouds because many of the observed clouds occur at RH values below the SCM-specified stratiform parameterization threshold RH of 60%. Despite many similarities between PDFs derived from the NARR and ARM forcing datasets for RH and omega, differences do exist. This warrants further investigation of the forcing and reanalysis datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CLOUD forecasting
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)
KW  - Cloud cover
KW  - Cloud resolving models
KW  - Forcing
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Single column models
N1  - Accession Number: 54375373; Kennedy, Aaron D. 1; Email Address: aaron.kennedy@und.edu Xiquan Dong 1 Baike Xi 1 Minnis, Patrick 2 Del Genio, Anthony D. 3 Wolf, Audrey B. 4 Khaiyer, Mandana M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies, New York, New York  4: Columbia University, New York, New York  5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 23 Issue 19, p5175; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CLOUD forecasting; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud resolving models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Humidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single column models; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3353.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Wenying Su
T1  - Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing Uncertainty Based on a Radiative Perturbation Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 23
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5288
EP  - 5293
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - To provide a lower bound for the uncertainty in measurement-based clear- and all-sky direct aerosol radiative forcing (DARF), a radiative perturbation analysis is performed for the ideal case in which the perturbations in global mean aerosol properties are given by published values of systematic uncertainty in Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol measurements. DARF calculations for base-state climatological cloud and aerosol properties over ocean and land are performed, and then repeated after perturbing individual aerosol optical properties (aerosol optical depth, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, scale height, and anthropogenic fraction) from their base values, keeping all other parameters fixed. The total DARF uncertainty from all aerosol parameters combined is 0.5-1.0 W m−2, a factor of 2-4 greater than the value cited in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC's) Fourth Assessment Report. Most of the total DARF uncertainty in this analysis is associated with single-scattering albedo uncertainty. Owing to the greater sensitivity to single-scattering albedo in cloudy columns, DARF uncertainty in all-sky conditions is greater than in clear-sky conditions, even though the global mean clear-sky DARF is more than twice as large as the all-sky DARF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Radiation budgets
KW  - Radiative forcing
KW  - Surface observations
N1  - Accession Number: 54375363; Loeb, Norman G. 1; Email Address: norman.g.loeb@nasa.gov Wenying Su 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 23 Issue 19, p5288; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budgets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface observations; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3543.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ray, C.S.
AU  - Reis, S.T.
AU  - Sen, S.
AU  - O'Dell, J.S.
T1  - JSC-1A lunar soil simulant: Characterization, glass formation, and selected glass properties
JO  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
JF  - Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 356
IS  - 44-49
M3  - Article
SP  - 2369
EP  - 2374
SN  - 00223093
AB  - Abstract: The chemical composition of a volcanic ash deposited near Flagstaff, Arizona, USA closely resembles that of the soil from the Maria geological terrain of the Moon. After mining and processing, this volcanic ash was designated as JSC-1A lunar simulant, and made available by NASA to the scientific research community in support of its future exploration programs on the lunar surface. The present paper describes characterization of the JSC-1A lunar simulant using DTA, TGA, XRD, chemical analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy and the feasibility of developing glass and ceramic materials using in-situ resources on the surface of the Moon. The overall chemical composition of the JSC-1A lunar simulant is close to that of the actual lunar soil collected by Apollo 17 mission, and the total iron content in the simulant and the lunar soil is nearly the same. The JSC-1A lunar simulant contains both Fe2+ (∼76%) and Fe3+ (∼24%) ions as opposed to the actual lunar soil which contains only Fe2+ ions, as expected. The glass forming characteristics of the melt of this simulant as determined by measuring its critical cooling rate for glass formation suggests that the simulant easily forms glass when melted and cooled at nominal rates between 50 and 55°C/min. The coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass measured by dilatometry is in close agreement with that of alumina or YSZ, which makes the glass suitable for use as a coating and sealing material on these ceramics. Potential applications envisaged up to this time of these glass/ceramics on the surface of the Moon are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - ANALYTICAL chemistry
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - GLASS
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - DTA
KW  - Glass formation
KW  - Lunar soil simulant
KW  - Mössbauer
KW  - XRD
N1  - Accession Number: 55334773; Ray, C.S. 1 Reis, S.T. 1; Email Address: reis@mst.edu Sen, S. 2 O'Dell, J.S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Materials Research Center, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA  2: BAE System, Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  3: Plasma Processes Inc., 4914 Moores Mill Road, Huntsville, Al 35811, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 356 Issue 44-49, p2369; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: DTA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar soil simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mössbauer; Author-Supplied Keyword: XRD; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2010.04.049
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schiller, Noah H.
AU  - Cabell, Randolph H.
AU  - Fuller, Chris R.
T1  - Decentralized control of sound radiation using iterative loop recovery.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 128
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1729
EP  - 1737
SN  - 00014966
AB  - A decentralized model-based control strategy is designed to reduce low-frequency sound radiation from periodically stiffened panels. While decentralized control systems tend to be scalable, performance can be limited due to modeling error introduced by the unmodeled interaction between neighboring control units. Since bounds on modeling error are not known in advance, it is difficult to ensure the decentralized control system will be robust without making the controller overly conservative. Therefore an iterative approach is suggested, which utilizes frequency-shaped loop recovery. The approach accounts for modeling error introduced by neighboring control loops, requires no communication between subsystems, and is relatively simple. The control strategy is evaluated numerically using a model of a stiffened aluminum panel that is representative of the sidewall of an aircraft. Simulations demonstrate that the iterative approach can achieve significant reductions in radiated sound power from the stiffened panel without destabilizing neighboring control units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - AUDIO frequency
KW  - SOUND
KW  - STRUCTURAL control (Engineering)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 54471701; Schiller, Noah H. 1; Email Address: noah.h.schiller@nasa.gov Cabell, Randolph H. 1 Fuller, Chris R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, 131 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 128 Issue 4, p1729; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: AUDIO frequency; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL control (Engineering); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.3479541
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang Tan
AU  - Longtin, Jon P.
AU  - Sampath, Sanjay
AU  - Dongming Zhu
T1  - Temperature-Gradient Effects in Thermal Barrier Coatings: An Investigation Through Modeling, High Heat Flux Test, and Embedded Sensor.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 93
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3418
EP  - 3426
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The harsh thermal environment in gas turbines, including elevated temperatures and high heat fluxes, induces significant thermal gradients in ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), which are used to protect metallic components. However, the thermal conductivity of plasma-sprayed TBC increases with exposure at high temperatures mainly due to sintering phenomena and possible phase transformation, resulting in coating performance degradation and potential thermal runaway issues. An analytical thermal model and experimentally obtained coating thermal conductivity data are used to determine the coating through-thickness temperature profile and effective thermal conductivity under gradient conditions at high temperatures. High heat flux tests are then performed on TBCs to evaluate coating thermal behavior under temperature gradients close to service conditions. Coating internal temperature during the tests was also measured by thermally sprayed embedded thermocouples within the top coat. This combined approach provides a sintering map with a new model and allows for the assessment of temperature-gradient effects on the thermal performance of plasma-sprayed TBCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - THERMOCOUPLES
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 54286851; Yang Tan 1,2 Longtin, Jon P. 2 Sampath, Sanjay 1,2 Dongming Zhu 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Thermal Spray Research, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2300  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 93 Issue 10, p3418; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: THERMOCOUPLES; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.03889.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZOLENSKY, Michael
AU  - HERRIN, Jason
AU  - MIKOUCHI, Takashi
AU  - OHSUMI, Kazumasa
AU  - FRIEDRICH, Jon
AU  - STEELE, Andrew
AU  - RUMBLE, Douglas
AU  - FRIES, Marc
AU  - SANDFORD, Scott
AU  - MILAM, Stefanie
AU  - HAGIYA, Kenji
AU  - TAKEDA, Hiroshi
AU  - SATAKE, Wataru
AU  - KURIHARA, Taichi
AU  - COLBERT, Matthew
AU  - HANNA, Romy
AU  - MAISANO, Jessie
AU  - KETCHAM, Richard
AU  - GOODRICH, Cyrena
AU  - LE, Loan
T1  - Mineralogy and petrography of the Almahata Sitta ureilite.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 45
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1618
EP  - 1637
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - We performed a battery of analyses on 17 samples of the Almahata Sitta meteorite, identifying three main lithologies and several minor ones present as clasts. The main lithologies are (1) a pyroxene-dominated, very porous, highly reduced lithology, (2) a pyroxene-dominated compact lithology, and (3) an olivine-dominated compact lithology. Although it seems possible that all three lithologies grade smoothly into each other at the kg-scale, at the g-scale this is not apparent. The meteorite is a polymict ureilite, with some intriguing features including exceptionally variable porosity and pyroxene composition. Although augite is locally present in Almahata Sitta, it is a minor phase in most (but not all) samples we have observed. Low-calcium pyroxene (<5 mole% wollastonite) is more abundant than compositionally defined pigeonite; however, we found that even the low-Ca pyroxene in Almahata Sitta has the monoclinic pigeonite crystal structure, and thus is properly termed pigeonite. As the major pyroxene in Almahata Sitta is pigeonite, and the abundance of pigeonite is generally greater than that of olivine, this meteorite might be called a pigeonite-olivine ureilite, rather than the conventional olivine-pigeonite ureilite group. The wide variability of lithologies in Almahata Sitta reveals a complex history, including asteroidal igneous crystallization, impact disruption, reheating and partial vaporization, high-temperature reduction and carbon burning, and re-agglomeration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - AUGITE
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - AGGLOMERATION (Materials)
N1  - Accession Number: 65028370; ZOLENSKY, Michael 1; Email Address: michael.e.zolensky@nasa.gov HERRIN, Jason 2 MIKOUCHI, Takashi 3 OHSUMI, Kazumasa 4 FRIEDRICH, Jon 5 STEELE, Andrew 6 RUMBLE, Douglas 6 FRIES, Marc 7 SANDFORD, Scott 8 MILAM, Stefanie 9 HAGIYA, Kenji 10 TAKEDA, Hiroshi 3 SATAKE, Wataru 3 KURIHARA, Taichi 3 COLBERT, Matthew 11 HANNA, Romy 11 MAISANO, Jessie 11 KETCHAM, Richard 11 GOODRICH, Cyrena 12 LE, Loan 2; Affiliation:  1: ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  2: ESCG Jacobs, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  4: JASRI, Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan  5: Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, Bronx, New York 10458; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA  6: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, District of Columbia 20015, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, M/S 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  10: Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Hyogo, Kamigori-cho, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan  11: University of Texas High-Resolution X-ray CT Facility, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA  12: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 45 Issue 10/11, p1618; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: AUGITE; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: AGGLOMERATION (Materials); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 11 Color Photographs, 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01128.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CLOUTIS, E. A.
AU  - HUDON, Pierre
AU  - ROMANEK, Christopher S.
AU  - BISHOP, Janice L.
AU  - REDDY, Vishnu
AU  - GAFFEY, Michael J.
AU  - HARDERSEN, Paul S.
T1  - Spectral reflectance properties of ureilites.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 45
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1668
EP  - 1694
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - The 0.35-2.6 μm reflectance spectra of 18 ureilites have been examined in order to improve our understanding of the spectral reflectance properties of this meteorite class. Across this spectral range, ureilite spectra are characterized by a steep rise in reflectance over the 0.3 to approximately 0.7 μm range, low overall reflectance (<25%) and weak mafic iron silicate absorption bands in the 1 and 2 μm region. The weakness of these bands and the low reflectance are attributed to the presence of dispersed graphite and related carbonaceous phases, metal, and possibly shock. Wavelength positions of the mafic silicate absorption bands span a range of values, but are consistent with the presence of pyroxene and olivine. Ureilite spectra generally exhibit blue slopes across the 0.7-2.6 μm interval and exhibit many overall similarities to some carbonaceous chondrites. The weak features and spectral diversity of ureilites make reflectance spectroscopy-based identification of a ureilite parent body challenging. As terrestrial alteration of ureilites is prevalent, spectral studies of falls are most useful for determining the spectral properties of likely parent bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACHONDRITES
KW  - ULTRABASIC rocks
KW  - SPECTRAL reflectance
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - PYROXENE
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - PETROGENESIS
N1  - Accession Number: 65028368; CLOUTIS, E. A. 1; Email Address: e.cloutis@uwinnipeg.ca HUDON, Pierre 2,3 ROMANEK, Christopher S. 4 BISHOP, Janice L. 5 REDDY, Vishnu 6 GAFFEY, Michael J. 6 HARDERSEN, Paul S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3B 2E9  2: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Office, NASA Johnson Space Center, Mail Code KR, 2101 NASA Road 1, Houston, Texas, 77058-3696 USA  3: Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, M. H. Wong Building, Room 2270, 3610 rue Université, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 2B2  4: Department of Geology and Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina 29802, USA  5: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  6: Department of Space Studies, Box 9008, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 45 Issue 10/11, p1668; Subject Term: ACHONDRITES; Subject Term: ULTRABASIC rocks; Subject Term: SPECTRAL reflectance; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: PYROXENE; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: PETROGENESIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01065.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SANDFORD, Scott A.
AU  - MILAM, Stefanie N.
AU  - NUEVO, Michel
AU  - JENNISKENS, Peter
AU  - SHADDAD, Muawia H.
T1  - The mid-infrared transmission spectra of multiple stones from the Almahata Sitta meteorite.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 45
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1821
EP  - 1835
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - On October 7, 2008, the asteroid 2008 TC3 entered Earth's atmosphere, exploded at 37 km altitude, and created a strewn field of stones, the Almahata Sitta meteorite, in Sudan. A preliminary analysis of one of these stones (#7) showed it to be a unique polymict ureilite (). Here we report 39 mid-infrared (mid-IR) (4000-450 cm−1; 2.5-22.2 μm) transmission spectra taken from 26 different stones collected from the strewn field. The ureilite spectra show a number of absorption bands including a complex feature centered near 1000 cm−1 (10 μm) due to Si-O stretching vibrations. The profiles of the silicate features fall along a mixing line with endmembers represented by Mg-rich olivines and pyroxenes, and no evidence is seen for the presence of phyllosilicates. The relative abundances of olivine and pyroxene show substantial variation from sample to sample and sometimes differ between multiple samples taken from the same stone. Analysis of a mass normalized coaddition of all our ureilite spectra yields an olivine-to-pyroxene ratio of 74:26, a value that falls in the middle of the range inferred from the infrared spectra of other ureilites. Both the predominance of olivine and the variable olivine-to-pyroxene ratio are consistent with the known composition and heterogeneity of other ureilites. Variations in the colors of the samples and the intensities of the silicate feature relative to the mass of the samples indicate a significant contribution from additional materials having no strong absorption bands, most likely graphitized carbon, diamonds, and/or metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - PYROXENE
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - SUDAN
N1  - Accession Number: 65028360; SANDFORD, Scott A. 1; Email Address: Scott.A.Sandford@nasa.gov MILAM, Stefanie N. 1,2,3 NUEVO, Michel 1 JENNISKENS, Peter 2 SHADDAD, Muawia H. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: Present address: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 691, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 321, Khartoum 11115, Sudan; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 45 Issue 10/11, p1821; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: PYROXENE; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: SUDAN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.001096.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
AU  - Humphrey, Donald L.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
T1  - Comparative Oxidation Kinetics of a NiPtTi High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy.
JO  - Oxidation of Metals
JF  - Oxidation of Metals
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 74
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 144
SN  - 0030770X
AB  - high temperature shape memory alloy, Ni–30Pt–50Ti (at.%), with an M near 600 °C, was isothermally oxidized in air for 100 h over the temperature range of 500–900 °C. Nearly parabolic kinetics were observed in log–log and parabolic plots, with no indication of initial fast transient oxidation. On average the rates were about a factor of 4 lower than values measured here for a binary Ni–49Ti commercial SMA. The overall behavior could be best described by the Arrhenius relationships:The activation energy was consistent with literature values for TiO scale growth measured for elemental Ti and some NiTi alloys, at ~210–260 kJ/mol. However, a number of other studies produced activation energies in the range of 135–150 kJ/mol. This divergence may be related to various complex scale layers and depletion zones, however, no specific correlation can be identified at present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oxidation of Metals is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - PLATINUM
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - Activation energy
KW  - Isothermal oxidation
KW  - Ni–Ti alloys
KW  - Ni-Ti alloys
KW  - NiO scales
KW  - Parabolic rate constants
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - TiO scales
KW  - TiO2 scales
N1  - Accession Number: 53504774; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: james.l.smialek@nasa.gov Humphrey, Donald L. 2 Noebe, Ronald D. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 74 Issue 3/4, p125; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: PLATINUM; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isothermal oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni–Ti alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni-Ti alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiO scales; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parabolic rate constants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiO scales; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiO2 scales; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11085-010-9202-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan
AU  - Hull, David
T1  - Characterization and Oxidation Behavior of Rayon-Derived Carbon Fibers.
JO  - Oxidation of Metals
JF  - Oxidation of Metals
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 74
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 193
EP  - 203
SN  - 0030770X
AB  - Rayon-derived fibers are the central constituent of reinforced carbon/carbon (RCC) composites. Optical, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the as-fabricated fibers and the fibers after oxidation. Oxidation rates were measured with weight loss techniques in air and oxygen. The as-received fibers are ~10 μm in diameter and characterized by grooves or crenulations around the edges. Below 800 °C, in the reaction-controlled region, preferential attack began in the crenulations and appeared to occur down fissures in the fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oxidation of Metals is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAYON
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - Carbon
KW  - Carbon/carbon
KW  - Composite
KW  - Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 53504768; Jacobson, Nathan 1; Email Address: nathan.s.jacobson@nasa.gov Hull, David 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 74 Issue 3/4, p193; Subject Term: RAYON; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon/carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313110 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11085-010-9208-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kurtoglu, Tolga
AU  - Tumer, Irem Y.
AU  - Jensen, David C.
T1  - A functional failure reasoning methodology for evaluation of conceptual system architectures.
JO  - Research in Engineering Design
JF  - Research in Engineering Design
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 234
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09349839
AB  - In this paper, we introduce a new methodology for reasoning about the functional failures during early design of complex systems. The proposed approach is based on the notion that a failure happens when a functional element in the system does not perform its intended task. Accordingly, a functional criticality is defined depending on the role of functionality in accomplishing designed tasks. A simulation-based failure analysis tool is then used to analyze functional failures and reason about their impact on overall system functionality. The analysis results are then integrated into an early stage system architecture analysis framework that analyzes the impact of functional failures and their propagation to guide system-level architectural design decisions. With this method, a multitude of failure scenarios can be quickly analyzed to determine the effects of architectural design decisions on overall system functionality. Using this framework, design teams can systematically explore risks and vulnerabilities during the early (functional design) stage of system development prior to the selection of specific components. Application of the presented method to the design of a representative aerospace electrical power system (EPS) testbed demonstrates these capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Research in Engineering Design is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - COMPLEXITY (Philosophy)
KW  - ARCHITECTURAL design
KW  - Behavioral simulation
KW  - Conceptual design
KW  - Failure-informed trade-off analysis
KW  - Functional failure reasoning
KW  - Model-based reasoning
KW  - System architecture design
N1  - Accession Number: 53913513; Kurtoglu, Tolga 1; Email Address: tolga.kurtoglu@nasa.gov Tumer, Irem Y. 2; Email Address: irem.tumer@oregonstate.edu Jensen, David C. 2; Email Address: jensend@onid.orst.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mission Critical Technologies, Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Complex Engineering Systems Design Lab, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p209; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: COMPLEXITY (Philosophy); Subject Term: ARCHITECTURAL design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavioral simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conceptual design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure-informed trade-off analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional failure reasoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-based reasoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: System architecture design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 14 Diagrams, 7 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00163-010-0086-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Walkowicz, Lucianne M.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Sasselov, Dimitar D.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Koch, David G.
T1  - Kepler-9: A System of Multiple Planets Transiting a Sun-Like Star, Confirmed by Timing Variations.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10//10/1/2010
VL  - 330
IS  - 6000
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 54
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Kepler spacecraft is monitoring more than 150,000 stars for evidence of planets transiting those stars. We report the detection of two Saturn-size planets that transit the same Sun-like star, based on 7 months of Kepler observations. Their 19.2- and 38.9-day periods are presently increasing and decreasing at respective average rates of 4 and 39 minutes per orbit; in addition, the transit times of the inner body display an alternating variation of smaller amplitude. These signatures are characteristic of gravitational interaction of two planets near a 2:1 orbital resonance. Six radial-velocity observations show that these two planets are the most massive objects orbiting close to the star and substantially improve the estimates of their masses. After removing the signal of the two confirmed giant planets, we identified an additional transiting super-Earth-size planet candidate with a period of 1.6 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL fields
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 54424353; Holman, Matthew J. 1; Email Address: mholman@cfa.harvard.edu Fabrycky, Daniel C. 1 Ragozzine, Darin 1 Ford, Eric B. 2 Steffen, Jason H. 3 Welsh, William F. 4 Lissauer, Jack J. 5,6 Latham, David W. 1 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7 Walkowicz, Lucianne M. 7 Batalha, Natalie M. 8 Jenkins, Jon M. 5,9 Rowe, Jason F. 5 Cochran, William D. 10 Fressin, Francois 1 Torres, Guillermo 1 Buchhave, Lars A. 1,11 Sasselov, Dimitar D. 1 Borucki, William J. 5 Koch, David G. 5; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  3: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  4: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  7: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  8: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  9: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  10: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  11: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Source Info: 10/1/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6000, p51; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL fields; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1195778
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nishimura, Y.
AU  - Bortnik, J.
AU  - Li, W.
AU  - Thorne, R. M.
AU  - Lyons, L. R.
AU  - Angelopoulos, V.
AU  - Mende, S. B.
AU  - Bonnell, J. W.
AU  - Le Contel, O.
AU  - Cully, C.
AU  - Ergun, R.
AU  - Auster, U.
T1  - Identifying the Driver of Pulsating Aurora.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10//10/1/2010
VL  - 330
IS  - 6000
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 84
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Pulsating aurora, a spectacular emission that appears as blinking of the upper atmosphere in the polar regions, is known to be excited by modulated, downward-streaming electrons. Despite its distinctive feature, identifying the driver of the electron precipitation has been a long-standing problem. Using coordinated satellite and ground-based all-sky imager observations from the THEMIS mission, we provide direct evidence that a naturally occurring electromagnetic wave, lower-band chorus, can drive pulsating aurora. Because the waves at a given equatorial location in space correlate with a single pulsating auroral patch in the upper atmosphere, our findings can also be used to constrain magnetic field models with much higher accuracy than has previously been possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AURORAS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - AURORAL electrons
KW  - ELECTRONS -- Research
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 54424361; Nishimura, Y. 1,2; Email Address: toshi@atmos.ucla.edu Bortnik, J. 1 Li, W. 1 Thorne, R. M. 1 Lyons, L. R. 1 Angelopoulos, V. 3,4,5 Mende, S. B. 4 Bonnell, J. W. 4 Le Contel, O. 6 Cully, C. 7 Ergun, R. 8 Auster, U. 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  2: Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan  3: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  4: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique/UPMC/Paris-Sud 11, F-94107 St Maur-des-Fossé's, France  7: Swedish Institute of Space Physics, SE-98128 Uppsala, Sweden  8: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303-7814, USA  9: Institut fur Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik, Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig D-38106, Germany; Source Info: 10/1/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6000, p81; Subject Term: AURORAS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: AURORAL electrons; Subject Term: ELECTRONS -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1193186
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Koutsoukos, Xenofon D.
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
T1  - An event-based approach to integrated parametric and discrete fault diagnosis in hybrid systems.
JO  - Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control
JF  - Transactions of the Institute of Measurement & Control
Y1  - 2010/10//
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 487
EP  - 510
PB  - Sage Publications, Ltd.
SN  - 01423312
N1  - Accession Number: 54289477; Daigle, Matthew J. 1 Koutsoukos, Xenofon D. 2 Biswas, Gautam 2; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA, matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov  2: Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Dept. of EECS, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p487; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 10427
L3  - 10.1177/0142331208097840
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lopes, C. G.
AU  - Satorius, E. H.
AU  - Estabrook, P.
AU  - Sayed, A. H.
T1  - Adaptive Carrier Tracking for Mars to Earth Communications During Entry, Descent, and Landing.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2010/10/02/
VL  - 46
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1865
EP  - 1879
SN  - 00189251
AB  - We propose a robust and low complexity scheme to estimate and track carrier frequency from signals traveling under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions in highly nonstationary channels. These scenarios arise in planetary exploration missions subject to high dynamics, such as the Mars exploration rover missions. The method comprises a bank of adaptive linear predictors (ALP) supervised by a convex combiner that dynamically aggregates the individual predictors. The adaptive combination is able to outperform the best individual estimator in the set, which leads to a universal scheme for frequency estimation and tracking. A simple technique for bias compensation considerably improves the ALP performance. It is also shown that retrieval of frequency content by an fast Fourier transform (FFT)-search method, instead of only inspecting the angle of a particular root of the error predictor filter, enhances performance, particularly at very low SNR levels. Simple techniques that enforce frequency continuity improve further the overall performance. In summary we illustrate by extensive simulations that adaptive linear prediction methods render a robust and competitive frequency tracking technique. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Frequency estimation
KW  - Frequency shift keying
KW  - Mars
KW  - Robustness
KW  - Signal to noise ratio
KW  - Target tracking
N1  - Accession Number: 57254496; Lopes, C. G. 1 Satorius, E. H. 2 Estabrook, P. 2 Sayed, A. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: UCLA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: 10/02/2010, Vol. 46 Issue 4, p1865; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency shift keying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robustness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal to noise ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Target tracking; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAES.2010.5595600
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
T1  - On the calculation of the vibrational frequencies of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2010/10/10/
VL  - 108
IS  - 19/20
M3  - Article
SP  - 2647
EP  - 2654
SN  - 00268976
AB  - The basis set dependence of the B3LYP approach for the calculation of the vibrational frequencies of naphthalene is shown. The dependence of the accuracy of the vibrational frequencies on the choice of functional is shown for naphthalene and naphthalene cation. Ten functionals are applied to large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); for the closed-shell neutral molecule, all of the methods perform well, while for two of the open-shell cations, all of the hybrid functionals tested fail, while all of the functionals using the generalized gradient approximation work. The implications on how best to study the vibrational frequencies of PAH molecules are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - FUNCTIONALS (Mathematics)
KW  - FUNCTION spaces
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - NAPHTHALENE
KW  - DFT
KW  - PAHs
KW  - vibrational frequencies
N1  - Accession Number: 55028530; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: charles.w.bauschlicher@nasa.gov Ricca, Alessandra 2; Email Address: alessandra.ricca-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  2: SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.; Source Info: 10/10/2010, Vol. 108 Issue 19/20, p2647; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: FUNCTIONALS (Mathematics); Subject Term: FUNCTION spaces; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: NAPHTHALENE; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAHs; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibrational frequencies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268976.2010.518979
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
T1  - A new paradigm for determining one electron basis sets: core-valence basis sets for C, N and O.
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2010/10/10/
VL  - 108
IS  - 19/20
M3  - Article
SP  - 2751
EP  - 2758
SN  - 00268976
AB  - Using a new method, exponential parameters are developed to add to the Dunning type correlation consistent basis sets to describe core-valence correlation. Compared with existing core-valence basis sets, the new basis sets are larger, but have vastly improved convergence characteristics, especially for low-lying electronic states. The new method is very general in that it allows the explicit inclusion of electronic excited states as well as ionic states in the basis set determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATOMIC orbitals
KW  - MOLECULAR orbitals
KW  - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - core-valence correlation
KW  - electronically excited states
KW  - gaussian basis sets
N1  - Accession Number: 55028531; Schwenke, David W. 1; Email Address: david.w.schwenke@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS T27B-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA.; Source Info: 10/10/2010, Vol. 108 Issue 19/20, p2751; Subject Term: ATOMIC orbitals; Subject Term: MOLECULAR orbitals; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: core-valence correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: electronically excited states; Author-Supplied Keyword: gaussian basis sets; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268976.2010.523712
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Green, E. M.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Marsh, T. R.
AU  - Laird, J. B.
AU  - Morris, M.
AU  - Moriyama, E.
AU  - Oreiro, R.
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - Aerts, C.
AU  - Vučković, M.
AU  - Degroote, P.
AU  - Telting, J. H.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Gilliland, R. L.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Koch, D.
T1  - 2M1938+4603: a rich, multimode pulsating sdB star with an eclipsing dM companion observed with Kepler.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2010/10/11/
VL  - 408
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L51
EP  - L55
SN  - 17453925
AB  - 2M1938+4603 (KIC 9472174) displays a spectacular light curve dominated by a strong reflection effect and rather shallow, grazing eclipses. The orbital period is 0.126 d, the second longest period yet found for an eclipsing sdB+dM, but still close to the minimum 0.1-d period among such systems. The phase-folded Kepler light curve was used to detrend the orbital effects from the data set. The amplitude spectrum of the residual light curve reveals a rich collection of pulsation peaks spanning frequencies from ∼50 to 4500 μHz. The presence of a complex pulsation spectrum in both the p- and g-mode regions has never before been reported in a compact pulsator. Eclipsing sdB+dM stars are very rare, with only seven systems known and only one with a pulsating primary. Pulsating stars in eclipsing binaries are especially important since they permit masses derived from seismological model fits to be cross-checked with orbital mass constraints. We present a first analysis of this star based on the Kepler 9.7-d commissioning light curve and extensive ground-based photometry and spectroscopy that allow us to set useful bounds on the system parameters. We derive a radial-velocity amplitude , inclination angle , and find that the masses of the components are and . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries -- Light curves
KW  - Binaries: close
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - stars: individual: 2M1938+4603
KW  - stars: variables: general
KW  - subdwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 54121232; Østensen, R. H. 1; Email Address: roy@ster.kuleuven.be Green, E. M. 2 Bloemen, S. 1 Marsh, T. R. 3 Laird, J. B. 2 Morris, M. 2 Moriyama, E. 2 Oreiro, R. 4 Reed, M. D. 5 Kawaler, S. D. 6 Aerts, C. 1,7 Vučković, M. 8 Degroote, P. 1 Telting, J. H. 9 Kjeldsen, H. 10 Gilliland, R. L. 11 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 10 Borucki, W. J. 12 Koch, D. 12; Affiliation:  1: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  2: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL  4: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain  5: Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA.  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA,  7: Department of Astrophysics, IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.  8: European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile.  9: Nordic Optical Telescope, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain.  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.  11: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.  12: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 408 Issue 1, pL51; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries -- Light curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: 2M1938+4603; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: subdwarfs; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00926.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fernandez, J.R.
AU  - Mertens, C.J.
AU  - Bilitza, D.
AU  - Xu, X.
AU  - Russell, J.M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
T1  - Feasibility of developing an ionospheric E-region electron density storm model using TIMED/SABER measurements
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/10/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1070
EP  - 1077
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We present a new technique for improving ionospheric models of nighttime E-region electron densities under geomagnetic storm conditions using TIMED/SABER measurements of broadband 4.3μm limb radiance. The response of E-region electron densities to geomagnetic activity is characterized by SABER-derived NO+(v) 4.3μm Volume Emission Rates (VER). A storm-time E-region electron density correction factor is defined as the ratio of storm-enhanced NO+(v) VER to a quiet-time climatological average NO+(v) VER, which will be fit to a geomagnetic activity index in a future work. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of our technique in two ways. One, we compare storm-to-quiet ratios of SABER-derived NO+(v) VER with storm-to-quiet ratios of electron densities measured by Incoherent Scatter Radar. Two, we demonstrate that NO+(v) VER can be parameterized by widely available geomagnetic activity indices. The storm-time correction derived from NO+(v) VER is applicable at high-latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FEASIBILITY studies
KW  - IONOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - E region (Ionosphere)
KW  - IONOSPHERIC electron density
KW  - STORMS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - E-region
KW  - Infrared remote sensing
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Magnetic storm
KW  - SABER
N1  - Accession Number: 53408159; Fernandez, J.R. 1 Mertens, C.J. 1; Email Address: c.j.mertens@larc.nasa.gov Bilitza, D. 2 Xu, X. 3 Russell, J.M. 4 Mlynczak, M.G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA  3: SSAI, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  4: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p1070; Subject Term: FEASIBILITY studies; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: E region (Ionosphere); Subject Term: IONOSPHERIC electron density; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: E-region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic storm; Author-Supplied Keyword: SABER; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Sivakumar
AU  - Tewari, Surendra N.
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
T1  - Slurry based multilayer environmental barrier coatings for silicon carbide and silicon nitride ceramics — I. Processing
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2010/10/15/
VL  - 205
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 258
EP  - 265
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: Multilayer mullite/gadolinium silicate (Gd2SiO5) environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) were deposited on α-SiC (Hexaloy) and Si3N4 (SN282) substrates through cost-effective slurry based dip-coat processing. Coatings applied by two approaches, alcohol and sol-based slurries, were examined and optimized in terms of their recipes and air sintering temperatures. A significant increase in densification rates was found for the sol-based EBCs applied on both SiC and SN282 substrates due to the fine mullite particles formed during reaction sintering of well-mixed silica and alumina sols. Mechanical alloying of the starting powder mixtures instead of their simple rotary-blending was found to be beneficial in terms of enhanced coat sintering kinetics. Dense thick coatings that were well-bonded to the substrate were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SLURRY
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - MULLITE
KW  - GADOLINIUM
KW  - MECHANICAL alloying
KW  - Dip coating
KW  - Environmental barrier coating (EBC)
KW  - Gadolinium silicate
KW  - Mechanical alloying
KW  - Mullite
KW  - Silicon carbide
KW  - Silicon nitride
N1  - Accession Number: 53562589; Ramasamy, Sivakumar 1; Email Address: rshiku@yahoo.com Tewari, Surendra N. 1 Lee, Kang N. 2 Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 3 Fox, Dennis S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  2: Rolls-Royce Corporation, P.O. Box 420, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook park Rd., Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 205 Issue 2, p258; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SLURRY; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: MULLITE; Subject Term: GADOLINIUM; Subject Term: MECHANICAL alloying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dip coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coating (EBC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gadolinium silicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical alloying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mullite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitride; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.06.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Sivakumar
AU  - Tewari, Surendra N.
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
T1  - Slurry based multilayer environmental barrier coatings for silicon carbide and silicon nitride ceramics — II. Oxidation resistance
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2010/10/15/
VL  - 205
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 266
EP  - 270
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: In part I of this study, the dip-coat processing of mullite/gadolinium silicate (Gd2SiO5) environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) applied on α-SiC and SN282™ Si3N4 through alcohol based and sol based slurries was presented. Here, the performance of selected EBCs by evaluating their oxidation resistances during thermal cycling in simulated combustion (90% H2O–balance O2) environment between 1350°C and RT for up to 400cycles is being reported. Oxidation of un-coated α-SiC was severe, leading to aligned and layered porous silica scale formation (~17μm thick) on its surface with frequent scale spallation when exposed to 100cycles. Mullite/Gd2SiO5/B2O3 (83.5/11.5/5wt.%) EBCs remained adherent to α-SiC substrate with an underlying porous silica layer formed at substrate/coating interface, which was ~12μm after 100cycles, ~16μm after 200cycles, and ~25μm after 400cycles. In contrast, α-SiC substrate coated with mullite/Gd2SiO5 (88/12wt.%) EBC had only limited oxidation of ~10μm even after 1350°C/400cycles. The sol based mullite/Gd2SiO5 (88/12wt.%) EBC on α-SiC substrate after 400cycles was adherent, but showed more interfacial damages (~20μm after 400cycles) though it had increased coating density. However, the mullite/Gd2SiO5 (88/12wt.%) EBC (alcohol based) delaminated from the SN282™ Si3N4 substrate after 1350°C/100cycles, because of the formation of interconnected interfacial voids and hairline cracks. Parabolic growth kinetics for the underlying silica was observed for both the alcohol and sol based coated samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SLURRY
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - GADOLINIUM
KW  - ALCOHOL
KW  - Dip coating
KW  - Environmental barrier coating (EBC)
KW  - Gadolinium silicate
KW  - Mullite
KW  - Oxidation resistance
KW  - Silicon carbide
KW  - Silicon nitride
KW  - Thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 53562590; Ramasamy, Sivakumar 1; Email Address: rshiku@yahoo.com Tewari, Surendra N. 1 Lee, Kang N. 2 Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 3 Fox, Dennis S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  2: Rolls-Royce Corporation, P.O. Box 420, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Rd., Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 205 Issue 2, p266; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SLURRY; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: GADOLINIUM; Subject Term: ALCOHOL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dip coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coating (EBC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gadolinium silicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mullite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal cycling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.07.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Shuang
AU  - Ren, Xinrong
AU  - Mao, Jingqiu
AU  - Chen, Zhong
AU  - Brune, William H.
AU  - Lefer, Barry
AU  - Rappenglück, Bernhard
AU  - Flynn, James
AU  - Olson, Jennifer
AU  - Crawford, James H.
T1  - A comparison of chemical mechanisms based on TRAMP-2006 field data
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/10/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 4116
EP  - 4125
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: A comparison of a model using five widely known mechanisms (RACM, CB05, LaRC, SAPRC-99, SAPRC-07, and MCMv3.1) has been conducted based on the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP-2006) field data in 2006. The concentrations of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals were calculated by a zero-dimensional box model with each mechanism and then compared with the OH and HO2 measurements. The OH and HO2 calculated by the model with different mechanisms show similarities and differences with each other and with the measurements. First, measured OH and HO2 are generally greater than modeled for all mechanisms, with the median modeled-to-measured ratios ranging from about 0.8 (CB05) to about 0.6 (SAPRC-99). These differences indicate that either measurement errors, the effects of unmeasured species or chemistry errors in the model or the mechanisms, with some errors being independent of the mechanism used. Second, the modeled and measured ratios of HO2/OH agree when NO is about 1 ppbv, but the modeled ratio is too high when NO was less and too low when NO is more, as seen in previous studies. Third, mechanism–mechanism HO x differences are sensitive to the environmental conditions – in more polluted conditions, the mechanism–mechanism differences are less. This result suggests that, in polluted conditions, the mechanistic details are less important than in cleaner conditions, probably because of the dominance of reactive nitrogen chemistry under polluted conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - REACTIVE nitrogen species
KW  - HYDROXIDES
KW  - AIR pollution -- Measurement
KW  - FIELD work (Research)
KW  - Atmospheric chemistry
KW  - Chemical mechanisms
KW  - Hydroperoxy radical
KW  - Hydroxyl radical
KW  - Model intercomparison
N1  - Accession Number: 53721068; Chen, Shuang 1; Email Address: suc185@psu.edu Ren, Xinrong 1 Mao, Jingqiu 1 Chen, Zhong 1 Brune, William H. 1 Lefer, Barry 2 Rappenglück, Bernhard 2 Flynn, James 2 Olson, Jennifer 3 Crawford, James H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 44 Issue 33, p4116; Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: REACTIVE nitrogen species; Subject Term: HYDROXIDES; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: FIELD work (Research); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroperoxy radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model intercomparison; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53721068&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flynn, James
AU  - Lefer, Barry
AU  - Rappenglück, Bernhard
AU  - Leuchner, Michael
AU  - Perna, Ryan
AU  - Dibb, Jack
AU  - Ziemba, Luke
AU  - Anderson, Casey
AU  - Stutz, Jochen
AU  - Brune, William
AU  - Ren, Xinrong
AU  - Mao, Jingqiu
AU  - Luke, Winston
AU  - Olson, Jennifer
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Crawford, James
T1  - Impact of clouds and aerosols on ozone production in Southeast Texas
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/10/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 33
M3  - Article
SP  - 4126
EP  - 4133
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: A radiative transfer model and photochemical box model are used to examine the effects of clouds and aerosols on actinic flux and photolysis rates, and the impacts of changes in photolysis rates on ozone production and destruction rates in a polluted urban environment like Houston, Texas. During the TexAQS-II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project the combined cloud and aerosol effects reduced j(NO2) photolysis frequencies by nominally 17%, while aerosols reduced j(NO2) by 3% on six clear sky days. Reductions in actinic flux due to attenuation by clouds and aerosols correspond to reduced net ozone formation rates with a nearly one-to-one relationship. The overall reduction in the net ozone production rate due to reductions in photolysis rates by clouds and aerosols was approximately 8 ppbv h−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - OZONE
KW  - URBAN pollution
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - TEXAS
KW  - Ozone production
KW  - Photochemical box model
KW  - Photolysis rates
KW  - Radiative transfer model
KW  - TexAQS-II
KW  - TRAMP
N1  - Accession Number: 53721069; Flynn, James 1 Lefer, Barry 1; Email Address: blefer@uh.edu Rappenglück, Bernhard 1 Leuchner, Michael 1 Perna, Ryan 1 Dibb, Jack 2 Ziemba, Luke 2 Anderson, Casey 2 Stutz, Jochen 3 Brune, William 4 Ren, Xinrong 4 Mao, Jingqiu 4 Luke, Winston 5 Olson, Jennifer 6 Chen, Gao 6 Crawford, James 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204-5007, USA  2: Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 131 Main Street, Durham, NH 03824, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  4: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 201 Shields Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA  6: NASA Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 44 Issue 33, p4126; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: URBAN pollution; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: TEXAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemical box model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photolysis rates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer model; Author-Supplied Keyword: TexAQS-II; Author-Supplied Keyword: TRAMP; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.09.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53721069&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Schultz, Peter
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Wooden, Diane
AU  - Shirley, Mark
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Hermatyn, Brendan
AU  - Marshall, William
AU  - Ricco, Antonio
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Goldstein, David
AU  - Summy, Dustin
AU  - Bart, Gwendolyn D.
AU  - Asphaug, Erik
AU  - Korycansky, Don
AU  - Landis, David
AU  - Sollitt, Luke
T1  - Detection of Water in the LCROSS Ejecta Plume.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10/22/
VL  - 330
IS  - 6003
M3  - Article
SP  - 463
EP  - 468
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Several remote observations have indicated that water ice may be presented in permanently shadowed craters of the Moon. The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission was designed to provide direct evidence (1). On 9 October 2009, a spent Centaur rocket struck the persistently shadowed region within the lunar south pole crater Cabeus, ejecting debris, dust, and vapor. This material was observed by a second "shepherding" spacecraft, which carried nine instruments, including cameras, spectrometers, and a radiometer. Near-infrared absorbance attributed to water vapor and ice and ultraviolet emissions attributable to hydroxyl radicals support the presence of water in the debris. The maximum total water vapor and water ice within the instrument field of view was 155 ± 12 kilograms. Given the estimated total excavated mass of regolith that reached sunlight, and hence was observable, the concentration of water ice in the regolith at the LCROSS impact site is estimated to be 5.6 ± 2.9% by mass. In addition to water, spectral bands of a number of other volatile compounds were observed, including tight hydrocarbons, sulfur-bearing species, and carbon dioxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - ICE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - MOON
KW  - PLANETARY water
KW  - LUNAR geology
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - LUNAR exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 55008530; Colaprete, Anthony 1; Email Address: Anthony.Cotaprete-l@nasa.gov Schultz, Peter 2 Heldmann, Jennifer 1 Wooden, Diane 1 Shirley, Mark 1 Ennico, Kimberly 1 Hermatyn, Brendan 2 Marshall, William 1,3 Ricco, Antonio 1 Elphic, Richard C. 1 Goldstein, David 4 Summy, Dustin 4 Bart, Gwendolyn D. 5 Asphaug, Erik 6 Korycansky, Don 6 Landis, David 7 Sollitt, Luke 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  3: Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  5: University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA  6: University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  7: Aurora Design and Technology, Palm Harbor, FL 34685, USA  8: The Citadel, Charleston, SC 29409, USA; Source Info: 10/22/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6003, p463; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: PLANETARY water; Subject Term: LUNAR geology; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1186986
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55008530&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schultz, Peter H.
AU  - Hermalyn, Brendan
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Shirley, Mark
AU  - Marshall, William S.
T1  - The LCROSS Cratering Experiment.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10/22/
VL  - 330
IS  - 6003
M3  - Article
SP  - 468
EP  - 472
SN  - 00368075
AB  - As its detached upper-stage launch vehicle collided with the surface, instruments on the trailing Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) Shepherding Spacecraft monitored the impact and ejecta. The faint impact flash in visible wavelengths and thermal signature imaged in the mid-infrared together indicate a low-density surface layer. The evolving spectra reveal not only OH within sunlit ejecta but also other volatile species. As the Shepherding Spacecraft approached the surface, it imaged a 25- to-30-meter-diameter crater and evidence of a high-angle ballistic ejecta plume still in the process of returning to the surface~an evolution attributed to the nature of the impactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR geology
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - MOON
KW  - INFRARED detectors
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - HYDROXYL group
N1  - Accession Number: 55008531; Schultz, Peter H. 1; Email Address: peter_schultz@brown.edu Hermalyn, Brendan 1 Colaprete, Anthony 2 Ennico, Kimberly 2 Shirley, Mark 2 Marshall, William S. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 10/22/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6003, p468; Subject Term: LUNAR geology; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: INFRARED detectors; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1187454
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55008531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gladstone, G. Randall
AU  - Hurley, Dana M.
AU  - Retherford, Kurt D.
AU  - Feldman, Paul D.
AU  - Pryor, Wayne R.
AU  - Chaufray, Jean-Yves
AU  - Versteeg, Maarten
AU  - Greathouse, Thomas K.
AU  - Steffl, Andrew J.
AU  - Throop, Henry
AU  - Parker, Joel Wm.
AU  - Kaufmann, David E.
AU  - Egan, Anthony F.
AU  - Davis, Michael W.
AU  - Slater, David C.
AU  - Mukherjee, Joey
AU  - Miles, Paul F.
AU  - Hendrix, Amanda R.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
T1  - LRO-LAMP Observations of the LCROSS Impact Plume.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/10/22/
VL  - 330
IS  - 6003
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 476
SN  - 00368075
AB  - On 9 October 2009, the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) sent a kinetic impactor to strike Cabeus crater, on a mission to search for water ice and other volatiles expected to be trapped in lunar polar soils. The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) ultraviolet spectrograph onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) observed the plume generated by the LCROSS impact as far-ultraviolet emissions from the fluorescence of sunlight by molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide, plus resonantly scattered sunlight from atomic mercury, with contributions from calcium and magnesium. The observed light curve is well simulated by the expansion of a vapor cloud at a temperature of -1000 kelvin, containing -570 kilograms (kg) of carbon monoxide, -140 kg of molecular hydrogen, -160 kg of calcium, -120 kg of mercury, and -40 kg of magnesium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - LUNAR geology
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - MOON
KW  - LUNAR Orbiter (Artificial satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 55008532; Gladstone, G. Randall 1; Email Address: rgladstone@swri.edu Hurley, Dana M. 2 Retherford, Kurt D. 1 Feldman, Paul D. 3 Pryor, Wayne R. 4 Chaufray, Jean-Yves 1 Versteeg, Maarten 1 Greathouse, Thomas K. 1 Steffl, Andrew J. 5 Throop, Henry 5 Parker, Joel Wm. 5 Kaufmann, David E. 5 Egan, Anthony F. 5 Davis, Michael W. 1 Slater, David C. 1 Mukherjee, Joey 1 Miles, Paul F. 1 Hendrix, Amanda R. 6 Colaprete, Anthony 7 Stern, S. Alan 5; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA  2: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  3: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: Central Arizona College, Coolidge, AZ 85228, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/22/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6003, p472; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: LUNAR geology; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: LUNAR Orbiter (Artificial satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1186474
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55008532&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Rinsland, C. P.
AU  - Smith, M. A. H.
AU  - Sams, R. L.
AU  - Blake, T. A.
AU  - Flaud, J.-M.
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Brown, L. R.
AU  - Mantz, A. W.
T1  - Spectral Line Parameters for the ν9 Band of Ethane.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2010/10/29/
VL  - 1290
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 188
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Ethane is a prominent contributor to the spectrum of Titan, particularly in the region of the ν9 band at 12 μm. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting program was applied to laboratory spectra of ethane to measure accurate positions, absolute intensities, N2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients and their temperature dependences for a large number transitions. These measurements include several pQ and rQ sub-bands (and other sub-bands such as pP, rR) in the ν9 fundamental band of 12C2H6 centered near 822 cm-1. Positions and intensities were measured for 3771 transitions. N2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients were determined for over 1700 transitions while temperature dependence exponents were retrieved for over 1350 of those transitions. Of these, many measurements (mostly line positions and intensities) belong to the 12C2H6ν9+ν4-ν4 and the ν9+2ν4-2ν4 hot bands, 13C12CH6 ν9 band and unidentified transitions. Forty-three high resolution (0.0016-0.005 cm-1) infrared laboratory absorption spectra recorded at temperatures between ∼150 and 298 K were fitted simultaneously to retrieve these parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - ENERGY bands
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 54858627; Devi, V. Malathy 1 Benner, D. Chris 1 Rinsland, C. P. 2 Smith, M. A. H. 2 Sams, R. L. 3 Blake, T. A. 3 Flaud, J.-M. 4 Sung, K. 5 Brown, L. R. 5 Mantz, A. W. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA  4: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systems atmospheriques, C.N.R.S., UMR 7583, Universités Paris Est and Paris 7, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: 10/29/2010, Vol. 1290 Issue 1, p184; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Subject Term: ENERGY bands; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3517552
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54858627&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arumugam, Prabhu U.
AU  - Yu, Edmond
AU  - Riviere, Roger
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Vertically aligned carbon nanofiber electrode arrays for nucleic acid detection
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2010/10/29/
VL  - 499
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 246
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: We present electrochemical detection of DNA targets that corresponds to Escherichia coli O157:H7 16S rRNA gene using a nanoelectrode array consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanofiber (VACNF) electrodes. Parylene C is used as gap filling ‘matrix’ material to avoid high temperature processing in electrode construction. This easy to deposit film of several micron heights provides a conformal coating between the high aspect ratio VACNFs with negligible pin-holes. The low background currents show the potential of this approach for ultra-sensitive detection. Consistent and reproducible electrochemical-signals are achieved using a simple electrode preparation. This simple, reliable and low-cost approach is a forward step in developing practical sensors for applications like pathogen detection, early cancer diagnosis and environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON electrodes
KW  - NANOFIBERS
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - CHEMICAL detectors
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - GENE targeting
KW  - HIGH temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 54484083; Arumugam, Prabhu U.; Email Address: auprabhu@yahoo.com Yu, Edmond 1 Riviere, Roger 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2010, Vol. 499 Issue 4-6, p241; Subject Term: CARBON electrodes; Subject Term: NANOFIBERS; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: CHEMICAL detectors; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: GENE targeting; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.09.048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54484083&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Christopher L.
T1  - Technology development for human exploration of Mars
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 67
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1170
EP  - 1175
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Current plans call for the first human missions to Mars to be launched perhaps as early as 2035. The recently completed “Mars Design Reference Architecture 5.0” study defines a conceptual mission architecture and identifies enabling technologies. NASA is beginning long range development on key technologies needed for these missions because it will take many years for them to reach maturity. The ISS and the lunar outpost will be used as test beds for these technologies to reduce risk and prepare for human exploration of Mars. NASA’s Exploration Technology Development Program is maturing technologies and demonstrating operational scenarios for lunar exploration that are extensible to future human missions to Mars. These include entry, descent, and landing systems for large payloads; fission surface power systems; liquid oxygen–liquid methane propulsion systems; cryogenic fluid management; closed-loop life support; small pressurized rovers for surface mobility; in-situ resource utilization; radiation shielding; and optical communications. Advanced technologies will enable more affordable and sustainable Mars exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Human factors
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Mars exploration
KW  - Technology
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 53302774; Moore, Christopher L. 1; Email Address: christopher.moore@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Suite 7V20, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 67 Issue 9/10, p1170; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Human factors; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technology; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.06.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53302774&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fong, Terrence
AU  - Abercromby, Andrew
AU  - Bualat, Maria G.
AU  - Deans, Matthew C.
AU  - Hodges, Kip V.
AU  - Hurtado, José M.
AU  - Landis, Rob
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Schreckenghost, Debra
T1  - Assessment of robotic recon for human exploration of the Moon
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 67
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1176
EP  - 1188
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Robotic reconnaissance (“recon”) has the potential to significantly improve scientific and technical return from lunar surface exploration. In particular, robotic recon can be used to improve traverse planning, reduce operational risk, and increase crew productivity. To study how robotic recon can benefit human exploration, we recently conducted a field experiment at Black Point Lava Flow (BPLF), Arizona. In our experiment, a simulated ground control team at NASA Ames teleoperated a planetary rover to scout geology traverses at BPLF. The recon data were then used to plan revised traverses. Two-man crews subsequently performed both types of traverses using the NASA “Lunar Electric Rover” (LER) and simulated extra-vehicular activity (EVA) suits. This paper describes the design of our experiment, presents our results, and discusses directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Human factors
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - MOON
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Planetary rovers
KW  - Robotic exploration
KW  - Scouting
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 53302775; Fong, Terrence 1; Email Address: terrence.fong@nasa.gov Abercromby, Andrew 2; Email Address: andrew.f.abercromby@nasa.gov Bualat, Maria G. 1; Email Address: maria.g.bualat@nasa.gov Deans, Matthew C. 1; Email Address: matthew.c.deans@nasa.gov Hodges, Kip V. 3; Email Address: kvhodges@asu.edu Hurtado, José M. 4; Email Address: jhurtado@utep.edu Landis, Rob 1; Email Address: rob.r.landis@nasa.gov Lee, Pascal 5; Email Address: pascal.lee@marsinstitute.net Schreckenghost, Debra 6; Email Address: schreck@traclabs.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Wyle Laboratories, Houston, TX, USA  3: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA  4: University of Texas, El Paso, TX, USA  5: Mars Institute, Moffett Field, CA, USA  6: TRACLabs, Inc., Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 67 Issue 9/10, p1176; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Human factors; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rovers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotic exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scouting; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.06.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53302775&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peeters, Z.
AU  - Vos, D.
AU  - ten Kate, I.L.
AU  - Selch, F.
AU  - van Sluis, C.A.
AU  - Sorokin, D.Yu.
AU  - Muijzer, G.
AU  - Stan-Lotter, H.
AU  - van Loosdrecht, M.C.M.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
T1  - Survival and death of the haloarchaeon Natronorubrum strain HG-1 in a simulated martian environment
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 46
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1149
EP  - 1155
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Halophilic archaea are of interest to astrobiology due to their survival capabilities in desiccated and high salt environments. The detection of remnants of salty pools on Mars stimulated investigations into the response of haloarchaea to martian conditions. Natronorubrum sp. strain HG-1 is an extremely halophilic archaeon with unusual metabolic pathways, growing on acetate and stimulated by tetrathionate. We exposed Natronorubrum strain HG-1 to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, similar to levels currently prevalent on Mars. In addition, the effects of low temperature (4, −20, and −80°C), desiccation, and exposure to a Mars soil analogue from the Atacama desert on the viability of Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cultures were investigated. The results show that Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cannot survive for more than several hours when exposed to UV radiation equivalent to that at the martian equator. Even when protected from UV radiation, viability is impaired by a combination of desiccation and low temperature. Desiccating Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cells when mixed with a Mars soil analogue impaired growth of the culture to below the detection limit. Overall, we conclude that Natronorubrum strain HG-1 cannot survive the environment currently present on Mars. Since other halophilic microorganisms were reported to survive simulated martian conditions, our results imply that survival capabilities are not necessarily shared between phylogenetically related species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HALOPHILIC organisms
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - EXTREME environments -- Microbiology
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology -- Earth analogs
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Halophiles
KW  - Mars simulation
KW  - Mars soil analogue
KW  - Natronorubrum
KW  - Survival
N1  - Accession Number: 53574861; Peeters, Z. 1 Vos, D. 1 ten Kate, I.L. 2 Selch, F. 3 van Sluis, C.A. 1,4 Sorokin, D.Yu. 4 Muijzer, G. 4 Stan-Lotter, H. 5 van Loosdrecht, M.C.M. 4 Ehrenfreund, P. 1,6; Email Address: p.ehrenfreund@chem.leidenuniv.nl; Affiliation:  1: Leiden University, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Astrobiology Group, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Carnegie Mellon University, West Campus, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA  4: Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Julianalaan 67, 2628 BC Delft, The Netherlands  5: University of Salzburg, Division of Molecular Biology, Department of Microbiology, Billrothstr. 11, 5020 Salzburg, Austria  6: Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 46 Issue 9, p1149; Subject Term: HALOPHILIC organisms; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: EXTREME environments -- Microbiology; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology -- Earth analogs; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Halophiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars soil analogue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Natronorubrum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survival; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.05.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53574861&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosario-Castro, Belinda I.
AU  - Contés-de-Jesús, Enid J.
AU  - Lebrón-Colón, Marisabel
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
AU  - Scibioh, M. Aulice
AU  - Cabrera, Carlos R.
T1  - Single-wall carbon nanotube chemical attachment at platinum electrodes
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 257
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 340
EP  - 353
SN  - 01694332
AB  - Abstract: Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) techniques were used to adsorb 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP) on platinum electrodes in order to obtain an amino-terminated SAM as the base for the chemical attachment of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A physico-chemical, morphological and electrochemical characterizations of SWCNTs attached onto the modified Pt electrodes was done by using reflection-absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and cyclic voltammetry (CV) techniques. The SWNTs/4-ATP/Pt surface had regions of small, medium, and large thickness of carbon nanotubes with heights of 100–200nm, 700nm to 1.5μm, and 1.0–3.0μm, respectively. Cyclic voltammetries (CVs) in sulfuric acid demonstrated that attachment of SWNTs on 4-ATP/Pt is markedly stable, even after 30 potential cycles. CV in ruthenium hexamine was similar to bare Pt electrodes, suggesting that SWNTs assembly is similar to a closely packed microelectrode array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - PLATINUM electrodes
KW  - MOLECULAR self-assembly
KW  - MONOMOLECULAR films
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - 4-Aminothiophenol
KW  - Atomic force microscopy
KW  - Platinum electrodes
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - Self-assembled monolayers
KW  - Single-wall carbon nanotubes
KW  - Transmission electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 53301233; Rosario-Castro, Belinda I. 1 Contés-de-Jesús, Enid J. 1 Lebrón-Colón, Marisabel 2 Meador, Michael A. 2 Scibioh, M. Aulice 1 Cabrera, Carlos R. 1; Email Address: ccabrera@uprrp.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 257 Issue 2, p340; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: PLATINUM electrodes; Subject Term: MOLECULAR self-assembly; Subject Term: MONOMOLECULAR films; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Author-Supplied Keyword: 4-Aminothiophenol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic force microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Platinum electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-assembled monolayers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-wall carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.06.072
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53301233&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taha, G.
AU  - Rault, D. F.
AU  - Loughman, R. P.
AU  - Bourassa, A. E.
AU  - von Savigny, C.
T1  - SCIAMACHY stratospheric aerosol extinction profile retrieval.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 3
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 5343
EP  - 5374
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study on the use of Ozone Mapper and Profiler Suite Limp Profiler (OMPS/LP) algorithm to retrieve aerosol profiles using the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric cartography (SCIAMACHY) limb measurements. The goal of the study is to determine the capability of the OMPS/LP retrieval algorithm to retrieve stratospheric aerosol. Results show that retrieved aerosol profiles agree with the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE II) measurements.
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 67495014; Taha, G. 1; Email Address: ghassan.taha-1@nasa.gov Rault, D. F. 2 Loughman, R. P. 3 Bourassa, A. E. 4 von Savigny, C. 5; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc. Lanham, MD, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada  5: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 3 Issue 6, p5343; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-3-5343-2010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pizzarello, Sandra
AU  - Wang, Yi
AU  - Chaban, Galina M.
T1  - A comparative study of the hydroxy acids from the Murchison, GRA 95229 and LAP 02342 meteorites
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 74
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 6206
EP  - 6217
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The hydroxy acid suites extracted from the Murchison (MN), GRA 95229 (GRA) and LAP 02342 (LAP) meteorites have been investigated for their molecular, chiral and isotopic composition. Substantial amounts of the compounds have been detected in all three meteorites, with a total abundance that is lower than that of the amino acids in the same stones. Overall, their molecular distributions mirror closely that of the corresponding amino acids and most evidently so for the LAP meteorite. A surprising l-lactic acid enantiomeric excess was found present in all three stones, which cannot be easily accounted by terrestrial contamination; all other compounds of the three hydroxy acid suites were found racemic. The branched-chain five carbon and the diastereomer six-carbon hydroxy acids were also studied vis-a-vis the corresponding amino acids and calculated ab initio thermodynamic data, with the comparison allowing the suggestion that meteoritic hydroxyacid at these chain lengths formed under thermodynamic control and, possibly, at a later stage than the corresponding amino acids. 13C and D isotopic enrichments were detected for many of the meteoritic hydroxy acids and found to vary between molecular species with trends that also appear to correlate to those of amino acids; the highest δD value (+3450‰) was displayed by GRA 2-OH-2-methylbutyric acid. The data suggest that, while the amino- and hydroxy acids likely relate to common presolar precursor, their final distribution in meteorites was determined to large extent by the overall composition of the environments that saw their formation, with ammonia being the determining factor in their final abundance ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROXY acids
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - LACTIC acid
KW  - DIASTEREOISOMERS
KW  - CHIRALITY
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 53793976; Pizzarello, Sandra 1; Email Address: pizzar@asu.edu Wang, Yi 2 Chaban, Galina M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA  2: ZymaX Forensics, 600 South Andreasen Drive B, Escondido, CA 92029, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 74 Issue 21, p6206; Subject Term: HYDROXY acids; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: LACTIC acid; Subject Term: DIASTEREOISOMERS; Subject Term: CHIRALITY; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2010.08.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
AU  - Alvarellos, José Luis
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Exchange of ejecta between Telesto and Calypso: Tadpoles, horseshoes, and passing orbits
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 210
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 445
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We have numerically integrated the orbits of ejecta from Telesto and Calypso, the two small Trojan companions of Saturn’s major satellite Tethys. Ejecta were launched with speeds comparable to or exceeding their parent’s escape velocity, consistent with impacts into regolith surfaces. We find that the fates of ejecta fall into several distinct categories, depending on both the speed and direction of launch. The slowest ejecta follow suborbital trajectories and re-impact their source moon in less than one day. Slightly faster debris barely escape their parent’s Hill sphere and are confined to tadpole orbits, librating about Tethys’ triangular Lagrange points L 4 (leading, near Telesto) or L 5 (trailing, near Calypso) with nearly the same orbital semi-major axis as Tethys, Telesto, and Calypso. These ejecta too eventually re-impact their source moon, but with a median lifetime of a few dozen years. Those which re-impact within the first 10years or so have lifetimes near integer multiples of 348.6 days (half the tadpole period). Still faster debris with azimuthal velocity components ≳10m/s enter horseshoe orbits which enclose both L 4 and L 5 as well as L 3, but which avoid Tethys and its Hill sphere. These ejecta impact either Telesto or Calypso at comparable rates, with median lifetimes of several thousand years. However, they cannot reach Tethys itself; only the fastest ejecta, with azimuthal velocities ≳40m/s, achieve “passing orbits” which are able to encounter Tethys. Tethys accretes most of these ejecta within several years, but some 1% of them are scattered either inward to hit Enceladus or outward to strike Dione, over timescales on the order of a few hundred years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Dynamics
KW  - CRATERING
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - ATMOSPHERES
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Satellites, Dynamics
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 54098467; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1,2; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov Alvarellos, José Luis 3 Zahnle, Kevin J. 2 Lissauer, Jack J. 2; Affiliation:  1: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  2: Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: Space Systems/Loral, 3825 Fabian Way, MS G-76, Palo Alto, CA 94303, United States; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 210 Issue 1, p436; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Dynamics; Subject Term: CRATERING; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: ORBIT; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.06.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Zante, Dale
T1  - Large-scale simulations for turbine engine core noise.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 87
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - As turbofan engine bypass ratios continue to increase, the contribution of the turbine to the engine and aircraft noise signature is receiving more attention. Understanding the relative importance of the various turbine noise generation mechanisms and the characteristics of the turbine acoustic transmission loss are essential ingredients in developing robust reduced-order models for predicting the turbine noise signature. A computationally based investigation has been undertaken to help guide the development of a turbine noise prediction capability that does not rely on empiricism. Under the auspices of the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, NASA is currently funding core noise research focused on the generation and propagation mechanisms of combustor and turbine noise in the combustor-turbine-nozzle system. Highly detailed numerical simulations of the unsteady flow field inside the first stage of a modern high-pressure turbine were carried out using TURBO. Spectral and modal analysis of the unsteady pressure data from the numerical simulation of the turbine stage show a circumferential modal distribution that is consistent with the Tyler-Sofrin rule, which gives confidence in the approach. Additionally, initial steps have been taken in determining the source strength hierarchy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - JET engines
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NOISE -- Research
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - AIR engines
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 54565796; Van Zante, Dale 1; Email Address: Dale.E.VanZante@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Acoustics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2010, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p75; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NOISE -- Research; Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: AIR engines; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Thomas H.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
AU  - Landman, Drew
T1  - Calibration Modeling of Nonmonolithic Wind-Tunnel Force Balances.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1860
EP  - 1866
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Experimental designs and regression models for calibrating nonmonolithic (multiple piece) internal wind-tunnel force balances were investigated through a case study that demonstrated fundamental deficiencies with a typical test schedule. It was found that the current calibration point selection method, which swept the design space two factors at a time, introduced a degree of correlation among model terms, depending on the model form. While using the statistical design of experiment performance metrics to analyze the deficiencies in the experimental design, it was also found that there were problems inherent to the model form itself that were independent of the design. An analysis of the calibration model, endorsed by the AIAA recommended practices document for nonmonolithic balances, lead to correlated response model terms due to overparameterization. Four new modeling strategies are proposed to overcome these challenges for nonmonolithic force balances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - STATISTICAL hypothesis testing
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 57826865; Johnson, Thomas H. 1 Parker, Peter A. 2 Landman, Drew 1; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p1860; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: STATISTICAL hypothesis testing; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46356
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Robert
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Chopra, Inderjit
T1  - Examination of Rotor Loads due to On-Blade Active Controls for Performance Enhancement.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2049
EP  - 2066
SN  - 00218669
AB  - On-blade active controls with trailing-edge deflection, leading-edge deflection, and active-twist are studied for improvements in rotor aerodynamic efficiency and their influence on structural loads. A full-seale UH-60A Blackhawk rotor at two key flight conditions (high-speed forward flight and high-thrust forward flight) is studied using coupled computational fluid dynamics and computational structural dynamics simulations. A simulation- based trade study is carried out comprising parametric variations of geometric sizing and deployment schedules of the blade morphing. The study shows that active controls improve rotor performance and reduce rotor loads at the same time with careful selection of deployment schedule and design. In high-speed forward flight, using trailing-edge deflection, an improvement of 7.3% in performance and a reduction in the hub vibratory loads of up to 54% is achieved, and using active-twist an improvement of 7.0% in performance and up to 22% reduction in hub vibratory loads is achieved. In high-thrust forward flight, a 15.0% improvement in performance and up to 40% reduction in huh vibratory loads is achieved using leading-edge deflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 57826883; Jain, Robert 1 Hyeonsoo Yeo 2 Chopra, Inderjit 3; Affiliation:  1: HyPerComp, Inc., Westlake Village, California 91361  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Source Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p2049; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C000306
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yagun Zhao
AU  - Qian Cheng
AU  - Menglu Qian
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Phase image contrast mechanism in intermittent contact atomic force microscopy.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 108
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 094311
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - A model is presented showing that phase variations in intermittent contact atomic force microscopy (IC-AFM) (tapping mode) result from variations in both conservative and dissipative forces. It is shown that when operating with constant cantilever oscillation amplitude, however, conservative forces drive the phase contrast. The equations of cantilever tip-sample surface contact are solved analytically for constant amplitude IC-AFM operation. Solutions are obtained for the tip-sample contact time, maximum sample indentation depth, and phase shift in the cantilever oscillations. The model equations are applied to the calculation of the phase contrast, defined as the difference in phase shift between two points in the image, for a diamond-graphite nanocomposite sample having a heterogeneous variation in graphite porosity ranging from approximately 30 vol % to roughly 60 vol %. The phase contrast predicted from the model equations, using only conservative forces in the model, is calculated to be approximately 69° for 30 vol % porosity and roughly 79° for 60% porosity. The model predictions are in very good agreement with the measured range of values from 69.4° to 78.5° obtained from a IC-AFM phase image of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
N1  - Accession Number: 55200356; Yagun Zhao 1 Qian Cheng 1 Menglu Qian 1; Email Address: mlqian@tongji.edu.cn Cantrell, John H. 2; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 108 Issue 9, p094311; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3503478
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55200356&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nurge, Mark A.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
T1  - Mass Conservation in Modeling Moisture Diffusion in Multi-layer Composite and Sandwich Structures.
JO  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
JF  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
Y1  - 2010/11//11/01/2010
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 755
EP  - 763
SN  - 10996362
AB  - Moisture diffusion in multi-layer composite and sandwich structures is difficult to model using finite-difference methods due to the discontinuity in moisture concentration between adjacent layers of differing materials. Applying a mass-conserving approach at these boundaries proved to be effective at accurately predicting moisture uptake for a sample exposed to a fixed temperature and relative humidity. Details of the model developed are presented and compared with actual moisture uptake data gathered over 130 days from a graphite/epoxy composite sandwich coupon with a Rohacell® foam core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - COMPOSITE construction
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - finite difference modeling
KW  - graphite/epoxy composites
KW  - moisture diffusion
KW  - Rohacell®
N1  - Accession Number: 55532613; Nurge, Mark A. 1 Youngquist, Robert C. 2 Starr, Stanley O. 2; Affiliation:  1: Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899, USA, mark.a.nurge@nasa.gov  2: Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899, USA; Source Info: 11/01/2010, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p755; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: COMPOSITE construction; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite difference modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: graphite/epoxy composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: moisture diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rohacell®; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2578
L3  - 10.1177/1099636210363339
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55532613&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kontinos, Dean A.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
T1  - Introduction: Atmospheric Entry of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 865
EP  - 867
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An introduction to the November 2010 issue of "Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets," which focuses on the atmospheric entry of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - SPACE trajectories
N1  - Accession Number: 57403725; Kontinos, Dean A. 1 Wright, Michael J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p865; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.52887
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57403725&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harms, Franziska
AU  - Wolf, Juergen
AU  - Raiche, George
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - Imaging and Slitless Spectroscopy of the Stardust Capsule Reentry Radiation.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 868
EP  - 872
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Observations were made during the reentry of the Stardust sample return capsule on 15 January 2006 in order to calibrate the level of radiation from the capsule surface, from the bow shock, and from its wake. A sensitive cooled charge-coupled device camera was used, equipped with a grating to simultaneously record the first-order spectrum of the capsule and that of the background stars. The radiation of the capsule was dominated by the graybody radiation from the hot surface. This graybody radiation was calibrated against the known radiation of background stars. The purpose of this calibration was to provide a cross check for other instruments participating in the airborne Stardust Entry Observing Campaign. In addition, eight short-exposed images were obtained that show the development of billowing and the distortion induced by winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 57403726; Harms, Franziska 1 Wolf, Juergen 2 Raiche, George 3 Jenniskens, Peter 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Kayser-Threde, GmbH, 81379 Munich, Germany  2: University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043  5: Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p868; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.38054
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57403726&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wercinski, Patti F.
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - Digital Still Snapshots of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule Entry.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 889
EP  - 894
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The 15 January 2006 reentry of the Stardust Sample Return capsule was photographed from 11.2-km altitude onboard NASA's DC-8 Airborne Laboratory in a series of brief 1/320 s exposures with a Nikon D70 digital still camera. The entry was detected from 09:57:13.5 to 09:57:53.5 UTC. Other instruments have demonstrated that most of the observed broadband flux is due to gray body radiation from the hot surface of the thermal protection system, except in the very beginning when strong emission lines of zinc from an ablating paint layer contributed significantly to the blue band. The measured flux in the green band was used to measure the surface-averaged temperature variation during flight, and the corresponding flux in the blue and red bands were used to verify the expected wavelength dependence of the gray body emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photography
KW  - NIKON digital cameras
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 57403730; Wercinski, Patti F. 1,2; Email Address: Paul.F.Wercinski@nasa.gov Jenniskens, Peter 2,3; Email Address: Petrus.M.Jenniskens@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Member AIAA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043; Source Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p889; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photography; Subject Term: NIKON digital cameras; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40248
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57403730&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lachaud, Jean
AU  - Cozmuta, Ioana
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
T1  - Multiscale Approach to Ablation Modeling of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablators.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 910
EP  - 921
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A multiscale approach is used to model and analyze the ablation of porous materials. Models are developed for the oxidation of a carbon preform and of the char layer of two phenolic impregnated carbon ablators with the same chemical composition but with different structures. Oxygen diffusion through the pores of the materials and in depth oxidation and mass loss are first modeled at the microscopic scale. The microscopic model is then averaged to yield a set of partial differential equations describing the macroscopic behavior of the material. Microscopic and macroscopic approaches are applied with progressive degrees of complexity to gain a comprehensive understanding of the ablation process. Porous medium ablation is found to occur in a zone of the char layer that we call the ablation zone. The thickness of the ablation zone is a decreasing function of the Thiele number. The studied materials are shown to display different ablation behaviors, a fact not captured by current models that are based on chemical composition only. Applied to Stardust's phenolic impregnated carbon ablator, the models explain and reproduce the unexpected drop in density measured in the char layer during Stardust postflight analyses [Stackpoole, M., Sepka, S., Cozmuta, I., and Kontinos, D., "Post-Flight Evaluation of Stardust Sample Return Capsule Forebody Heat-Shield Material," AIAA Paper 2008-1202, Jan. 2008]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - PHENOLIC acids
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - OXYGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 57403733; Lachaud, Jean 1 Cozmuta, Ioana 1 Mansour, Nagi N. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p910; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: PHENOLIC acids; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: OXYGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 5 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.42681
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57403733&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berry, Scott
AU  - Daryabeigi, Kamran
AU  - Wurster, Kathryn
AU  - Bittner, Robert
T1  - Boundary-Layer Transition on X-43A.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 922
EP  - 934
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The successful Mach 7 and 10 flights of the first fully integrated scramjet propulsion systems by the Hyper-X (X-43A) program have provided the means with which to verify the original design methodologies and assumptions. As part of Hyper-X's propulsion-airframe integration, the forebody was designed to include a spanwise array of vortex generators to promote boundary-layer transition ahead of the engine. Turbulence at the inlet is thought to provide the most reliable engine design and allows direct scaling of flight results to ground-based data. Preflight estimations of boundary-layer transition, for both Mach 7 and 10 flight conditions, suggested that forebody boundary-layer trips were required to ensure fully turbulent conditions upstream of the inlet. This paper presents the results of an analysis of the thermocouple measurements used to infer the dynamics of the transition process during the trajectories for both flights, on both the lower surface (to assess trip performance) and the upper surface (to assess natural transition). The approach used in the analysis of the thermocouple data is outlined, along with a discussion of the calculated local flow properties that correspond to the transition events as identified in the flight data. The present analysis has confirmed that the boundary-layer trips performed as expected for both flights, providing turbulent flow ahead of the inlet during critical portions of the trajectory, while the upper surface was laminar as predicted by the preflight analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - VORTEX generators
N1  - Accession Number: 57403734; Berry, Scott 1,2 Daryabeigi, Kamran 1,3 Wurster, Kathryn 1,2 Bittner, Robert 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: ATK Space Division, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p922; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 26 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.45889
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57403734&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakhtian, Noël M.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
T1  - Parametric Study of Peripheral Nozzle Configurations for Supersonic Retropropulsion.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2010/11//Nov/Dec2010
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 935
EP  - 950
SN  - 00224650
AB  - With sample-return and manned missions on the horizon for Mars exploration, the ability to decelerate high-mass systems to the planet's surface has become a research priority. This paper explores the use of supersonic retropropulsion, the application of jets facing into the freestream, as a means of achieving drag augmentation. Numerical studies of retropropulsion flows were conducted using a Cartesian Euler solver with adjoint-driven mesh refinement. After first validating this simulation tool with existing experimental data, a series of three broad parametric studies comprising 181 total runs was conducted using tri- and quad-nozzle capsule configurations. These studies chronicle the effects of nozzle location, orientation, and jet strength over Mach numbers from two to eight and angles of attack ranging from -5 to 10°. Although many simulations in these studies actually produced negative drag augmentation, some simulations displayed local overpressures 60 % higher than that possible behind a normal shock and produced drag augmentation on the order of 20%. Examination of these cases leads to the development of an aerodynamic model for significant drag augmentation in which the retrojets are viewed as oblique shock generators and flow approaching the capsule face is decelerated and compressed by multiple oblique shocks. By avoiding the massive stagnation pressure losses associated with the bow shock in typical entry systems, this approach achieves significant overpressure on the capsule face and strong drag amplification. With a fundamental physical mechanism for drag augmentation identified, follow-on studies are planned to exploit this feature and to understand its impact on potential entry trajectories and delivered mass limits for future Mars missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC nozzles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 57403735; Bakhtian, Noël M. 1,2 Aftosmis, Michael J. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305  2: Student Member AIAA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p935; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC nozzles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 13 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.48887
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Southworth, John
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Novati, S. Calchi
AU  - Dominik, M.
AU  - Glitrup, M.
AU  - Hinse, T. C.
AU  - Jørgensen, U. G.
AU  - Mathiasen, M.
AU  - Ricci, D.
AU  - Maier, G.
AU  - Zimmer, F.
AU  - Bozza, V.
AU  - Browne, P.
AU  - Bruni, I.
AU  - Burgdorf, M.
AU  - Dall'Ora, M.
AU  - Finet, F.
AU  - Harpsøe, K.
AU  - Hundertmark, M.
AU  - Liebig, C.
T1  - High-precision photometry by telescope defocusing - III. The transiting planetary system WASP-2 High-precision photometry by telescope defocusing - III. The transiting planetary system WASP-2 J. Southworth et al. High-precision defocused photometry of WASP-2
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 408
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1680
EP  - 1688
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present high-precision photometry of three transits of the extrasolar planetary system WASP-2, obtained by defocusing the telescopes, and achieving scatters of between 0.42 and 0.73 mmag versus the best-fitting model. These data are modelled using the code, and taking into account the light from the recently discovered faint star close to the system. The physical properties of the WASP-2 system are derived using tabulated predictions from five different sets of stellar evolutionary models, allowing both statistical and systematic error bars to be specified. We find the mass and radius of the planet to be and . It has a low equilibrium temperature of  K, in agreement with a recent finding that it does not have an atmospheric temperature inversion. The first of our transit data sets has a scatter of only 0.42 mmag with respect to the best-fitting light-curve model, which to our knowledge is a record for ground-based observations of a transiting extrasolar planetary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - binaries
KW  - eclipsing - stars
KW  - individual
KW  - WASP-2 - planetary systems
N1  - Accession Number: 54503207; Southworth, John 1; Email Address: jkt@astro.keele.ac.uk Mancini, L. 2,3,4,5 Novati, S. Calchi 3,4,5 Dominik, M. 6 Glitrup, M. 7 Hinse, T. C. 8,9 Jørgensen, U. G. 9,10 Mathiasen, M. 9 Ricci, D. 11 Maier, G. 12 Zimmer, F. 12 Bozza, V. 3,4,5 Browne, P. 13 Bruni, I. 14 Burgdorf, M. 15,16 Dall'Ora, M. 17 Finet, F. 11 Harpsøe, K. 9 Hundertmark, M. 18 Liebig, C. 12; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Newcastle-under Lyme, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  2: Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Sannio, Corso Garibaldi 107, 82100-Benevento, Italy  3: Dipartimento di Fisica 'E. R. Caianiello', Università di Salerno, Via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084-Fisciano (SA), Italy  4: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Italy  5: Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), 84019 Vietri Sul Mare (SA), Italy  6: Royal Society University Research Fellow.  7: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  8: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG  9: Niels Bohr Institute and Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark  10: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Geological Museum, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  11: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium  12: Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie, Universitt Heidelberg, Mönchhofstraße 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany  13: SUPA, University of St Andrews, School of Physics & Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS  14: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy  15: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany  16: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  17: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiarello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy  18: Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 408 Issue 3, p1680; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: PLANETS; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries; Author-Supplied Keyword: eclipsing - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: individual; Author-Supplied Keyword: WASP-2 - planetary systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17238.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54503207&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barrila, Jennifer
AU  - Radtke, Andrea L.
AU  - Crabbé, Aurélie
AU  - Sarker, Shameema F.
AU  - Herbst-Kralovetz, Melissa M.
AU  - Ott, C. Mark
AU  - Nickerson, Cheryl A.
T1  - Organotypic 3D cell culture models: using the rotating wall vessel to study host-pathogen interactions.
JO  - Nature Reviews Microbiology
JF  - Nature Reviews Microbiology
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 8
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 791
EP  - 801
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17401526
AB  - Appropriately simulating the three-dimensional (3D) environment in which tissues normally develop and function is crucial for engineering in vitro models that can be used for the meaningful dissection of host-pathogen interactions. This Review highlights how the rotating wall vessel bioreactor has been used to establish 3D hierarchical models that range in complexity from a single cell type to multicellular co-culture models that recapitulate the 3D architecture of tissues observed in vivo. The application of these models to the study of infectious diseases is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Reviews Microbiology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOST-parasite relationships
KW  - CELL culture
KW  - COMMUNICABLE diseases
KW  - BIOREACTORS
KW  - TISSUES -- Physiology
N1  - Accession Number: 54419995; Barrila, Jennifer 1 Radtke, Andrea L. 1 Crabbé, Aurélie 2 Sarker, Shameema F. 2 Herbst-Kralovetz, Melissa M. 3 Ott, C. Mark 3 Nickerson, Cheryl A. 2; Email Address: cheryl.nickerson@asu.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of Life Sciences, The Biodesign Institute, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, Arizona 85287, U.S.A.  2: University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, 550 East Van Buren Street, Phoenix, Arizona 85004-2230, U.S.A.  3: Habitability and Environmental Factors Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, Texas 77058-3696, U.S.A.; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 8 Issue 11, p791; Subject Term: HOST-parasite relationships; Subject Term: CELL culture; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases; Subject Term: BIOREACTORS; Subject Term: TISSUES -- Physiology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nrmicro2423
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Yu, Feng
AU  - Simpon, John
AU  - Williams, Phillip
AU  - Rackow, Kirk
T1  - Development of SDT sensor based eddy current probe for detection of deep fatigue cracks in multi-layer structure
JO  - NDT & E International
JF  - NDT & E International
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 43
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 718
EP  - 725
SN  - 09638695
AB  - Abstract: The detection and characterization of deeply buried fatigue damage in thick, multi-layer airframe components pose significant technical challenges to the aviation safety community. Currently, no nondestructive evaluation technique is available to reliably detect such potential damage from the exterior of the airframe, which is highly desirable in light of inspection cost as well as avoidance of structure damage. Recent technological advances in high-sensitivity magnetic sensors, i.e., spin-dependent tunneling (SDT) sensors, make it feasible to employ electromagnetic inspection techniques for deep fatigue crack inspection. In this work, we report on the development and fabrication of a low frequency eddy current probe based on a magnetically shielded SDT pickup sensor concentrically located in the interior of an induction drive coil to enable localized deep diffusion of the electromagnetic field into the part under test. Simulation studies were conducted to demonstrate the deep penetration capability of this probe configuration and to understand inspection sensitivity based on magnetic field perturbation due to subsurface cracking. Experimental results obtained using this SDT sensor on samples with induced flaws demonstrate its potential for practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of NDT & E International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - Crack
KW  - Eddy current
KW  - Multi-layer
KW  - Spin-dependent tunneling sensor
N1  - Accession Number: 54101122; Wincheski, Buzz 1 Yu, Feng 2; Email Address: yufeng632006@yahoo.com Simpon, John 3 Williams, Phillip 1 Rackow, Kirk 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, KS, USA  3: Lockheed Martin, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 43 Issue 8, p718; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spin-dependent tunneling sensor; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ndteint.2010.08.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54101122&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Gwo-Shing
AU  - Tou, Janet C.
AU  - Liittschwager, Kurt
AU  - Herrera, Anna M.
AU  - Hill, Esther L.
AU  - Girten, Beverly
AU  - Reiss-Bubenheim, Debra
AU  - Vasques, Marilyn
T1  - Evaluation of the nutrient-upgraded rodent food bar for rodent spaceflight experiments
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 26
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1163
EP  - 1169
SN  - 08999007
AB  - Objective: Selection of an appropriate diet for rodent spaceflight experiments is critical and may have significant effects on mission results. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) rodent food bar (RFB) was reformulated and designated as the nutrient-upgraded RFB (NuRFB). The objectives of this study were to determine whether the NuRFB nutrient formulation meets the 1995 National Research Council (NRC) nutrient recommendations and whether the NuRFB can be used for short-term (45-d) and long-term (90-d) spaceflight experiments. Methods: Nutrient and moisture analyses of the NuRFB were performed. Young (age 13–14 wk) male Sprague-Dawley rats (n =16/group) were individually caged and fed a diet treatment consisting of 1) NuRFB, 2) RFB, or 3) modified AIN-93G containing 4% instead of the 7% fat for 45- or 90-d. At the end of the study, organs were weighted, and serum clinical chemistry indicators of organ function and hematologic measurements were determined. Results: Chemical analysis of the diet ingredients showed that the NuRFB met the 1995 NRC nutrient recommendations for rats. Subsequent animal feeding studies showed that NuRFB was comparable to RFB and modified AIN-93G for supporting rat growth and body weight maintenance. In addition, the safety of the NuRFB for use as a spaceflight diet was indicated by the absence of changes in organ weight or function. Conclusion: Based on the study results, the NuRFB performed similarly to the RFB and met the criteria necessary for short-term and long-term rodent spaceflight experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nutrition is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - ANIMAL nutrition
KW  - RATS as laboratory animals
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - ANIMAL experimentation
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - DIET
KW  - FOOD
KW  - NUTRITION -- Requirements
KW  - RICE
KW  - RODENTS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - REPEATED measures design
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Growth
KW  - Nutrient upgraded
KW  - Rodent food bar
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 54488036; Sun, Gwo-Shing 1; Email Address: gwo-shing.sun-1@nasa.gov Tou, Janet C. 2 Liittschwager, Kurt 1 Herrera, Anna M. 3 Hill, Esther L. 1 Girten, Beverly 4 Reiss-Bubenheim, Debra 4 Vasques, Marilyn 4; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Space and Science Solutions, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA  3: San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Californian, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 26 Issue 11/12, p1163; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Subject Term: ANIMAL nutrition; Subject Term: RATS as laboratory animals; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: ANIMAL experimentation; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: DIET; Subject Term: FOOD; Subject Term: NUTRITION -- Requirements; Subject Term: RICE; Subject Term: RODENTS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: REPEATED measures design; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutrient upgraded; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rodent food bar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111160 Rice Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nut.2009.09.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allen, Michelle A.
AU  - Neilan, Brett A.
AU  - Burns, Brendan P.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
T1  - Lipid biomarkers in Hamelin Pool microbial mats and stromatolites
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1207
EP  - 1218
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Abstract: Comprehensive lipid biomarker profiles were determined for extant intertidal columnar stromatolites and non-lithified smooth and pustular microbial mats from Hamelin Pool, Shark Bay, Western Australia. Hydrocarbons, alkyl (wax) esters, sterols, fatty acids, triterpenoids and ether-linked hydrocarbons were analysed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and triterpenoids were analysed using high temperature GC–MS. Cyanobacterial markers were abundant in each sample and lipids diagnostic of heterotrophic bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, anoxygenic phototropic bacteria and archaea were also detected. Limited input from higher plants and diatoms was observed. For the first time, 2-methylhopanoids were detected in Hamelin Pool microbial communities. The overall lipid profiles of the three sediment types were similar, suggesting that extant non-lithified microbial mats and stromatolites can comprise similar microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - LIPIDS
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - WESTERN Australia
N1  - Accession Number: 54483484; Allen, Michelle A. 1,2 Neilan, Brett A. 1,2; Email Address: b.neilan@unsw.edu.au Burns, Brendan P. 1,2 Jahnke, Linda L. 3,4 Summons, Roger E. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia  2: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p1207; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: WESTERN Australia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.07.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delory, Gregory T.
AU  - Laver, Conor
AU  - de Pater, Imke
AU  - Pitman, Joe
AU  - Duncan, Alan
T1  - High resolution remote sensing observations for missions to the Jovian system: Io as a case study
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 58
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1699
EP  - 1707
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We present modeled images of Io at a variety of distances from the surface as a function of imager aperture size and wavelength. We consider the science objectives that could be achieved from missions engaged in long range remote-sensing of Io during the approach to the Jovian system and subsequently from orbit around Europa or Ganymede, in both the visible and near infrared wavelength ranges. We find that basic global mapping objectives in the visible can be met with a traditional 0.5m telescope design. A more ambitious 1.5m telescope could accomplish much more detailed objectives such as topographical measurements, and determination of flow patterns and thermal sources for individual active regions on Io. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments
KW  - GANYMEDE (Satellite)
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
KW  - CASE studies
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Io
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 54483911; Delory, Gregory T. 1,2; Email Address: gdelory@ssl.berkeley.edu Laver, Conor 3 de Pater, Imke 3 Pitman, Joe 4 Duncan, Alan 5; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, 601 Campbell Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Exploration Sciences, P.O. Box 24, Pine, CO 80470, USA  5: Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 58 Issue 13, p1699; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments; Subject Term: GANYMEDE (Satellite); Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Subject Term: CASE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.08.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cullings, Ken
AU  - Hanely, Julia
T1  - Dwarf mistletoe effects on soil basidiomycete community structure, soil fungal functional diversity, and soil enzyme function: Implications for climate change
JO  - Soil Biology & Biochemistry
JF  - Soil Biology & Biochemistry
Y1  - 2010/11//
VL  - 42
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1976
EP  - 1981
AB  - Abstract: We used a combination of molecular, culture and biochemical methods to test the hypothesis that severe infection of pine by dwarf mistletoe (genus Arceuthobium) has significant effects on structure and function of soil fungal communities, and on carbon cycling in soils. PCR and DNA sequencing of the basidiomycete communities in paired blocks of uninfected and infected trees revealed: (1) that the top, organic soil layer in this system is inhabited almost exclusively by ectomycorrhizal fungi; (2) no difference in species richness (6 species core−1 in both) or Shannon–Wiener evenness (0.740 and 0.747 in uninfected and infected blocks respectively), however Shannon–Wiener diversity was significantly greater in infected blocks (1.19 vs 1.94 in uninfected and infected blocks respectively, P < 0.05); (3) significant differences in basidiomycete species composition, with nearly complete absence of two system co-dominant Russula species in infected blocks, and replacement of one co-dominant Piloderma species with another in infected plots, indicating physiological variability within the genus. Soil fungal physiological diversity measured using the Fungilog system was significantly greater in terms of both number of carbon substrates used by culturable soil fungi (both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes) in infected blocks, and the rate at which these substrates were used. Soil enzyme assays revealed greater laccase, peroxidase, and cellulase activities in soils associated with infected trees. Thus, event cascades associated with severe dwarf mistletoe infection not only significantly affected soil fungal species composition and increased species diversity, but also impacted on carbon-related function and functional diversity. Given the geographic range of this pathogen, and forecasts that epidemics of this disease will increase in range in severity with global climate change, these effects have the potential to significantly impact local and global carbon budgets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Soil Biology & Biochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF mistletoes
KW  - ECTOMYCORRHIZAS
KW  - SOIL enzymology
KW  - NUCLEOTIDE sequence
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - SOIL fungi
KW  - Climate change
KW  - DNA sequencing
KW  - Dwarf mistletoe
KW  - Ectomycorrhizae
KW  - PCR
KW  - Soil enzymes
KW  - Soil Fungi
N1  - Accession Number: 53793703; Cullings, Ken 1 Hanely, Julia; Email Address: cullings1@earthlink.net; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 42 Issue 11, p1976; Subject Term: DWARF mistletoes; Subject Term: ECTOMYCORRHIZAS; Subject Term: SOIL enzymology; Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDE sequence; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: SOIL fungi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA sequencing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dwarf mistletoe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ectomycorrhizae; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil Fungi; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Russian; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.07.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53793703&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MLYNCZAK, MARTIN G.
AU  - HUNT, LINDA A.
AU  - KOZYRA, JANET U.
AU  - RUSSELL, JAMES M.
T1  - Short-term periodic features observed in the infrared cooling of the thermosphere and in solar and geomagnetic indexes from 2002 to 2009.
JO  - Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2010/11/08/
VL  - 466
IS  - 2123
M3  - Article
SP  - 3409
EP  - 3419
SN  - 13645021
AB  - We report derivations of short-term periodic features observed in time series of the radiative cooling of the Earth's thermosphere. In particular, we diagnose observations of the infrared emission from nitric oxide (NO) at 5.3 mm to reveal periodicities equal to the solar rotation period (27 days) and its next three harmonics. From 2002 to 2009 we observe 27 day, 13.5 day, 9 day and (occasionally) 6.75 day periods in the thermospheric NO cooling, the solar wind speed and the Kp geomagnetic index. Periodic features shorter than 27 days are absent in the time series of the 10.7 cm radio flux (F10.7) over this same time period. The periodic features in the NO cooling are found to occur throughout the depth of the thermosphere and are strongest at high latitudes. These results confirm the persistent coupling between the solar corona, the solar wind and the energy budget of the thermosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERIODIC functions
KW  - THERMOSPHERE
KW  - GEOMAGNETIC indexes
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - energy balance
KW  - infrared cooling
KW  - solar-terrestrial coupling
KW  - thermosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 83171443; MLYNCZAK, MARTIN G. 1; Email Address: m.g.mlynczak@nasa.gov HUNT, LINDA A. 2 KOZYRA, JANET U. 3 RUSSELL, JAMES M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications Inc., 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: University of Michigan, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, 2455 Hayward Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 466 Issue 2123, p3409; Subject Term: PERIODIC functions; Subject Term: THERMOSPHERE; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETIC indexes; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared cooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar-terrestrial coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermosphere; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1098/rspa.2010.0077
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pechony, O.
AU  - Shindell, D. T.
T1  - Driving forces of global wildfires over the past millennium and the forthcoming century.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/11/09/
VL  - 107
IS  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 19167
EP  - 19170
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Recent bursts in the incidence of large wildfires worldwide have raised concerns about the influence climate change and humans might have on future fire activity. Comparatively little is known, however, about the relative importance of these factors in shaping global fire history. Here we use fire and climate modeling, combined with land cover and population estimates, to gain a better understanding of the forces driving global fire trends. Our model successfully reproduces global fire activity record over the last millennium and reveals distinct regimes in global fire behavior. We find that during the preindustrial period, the global fire regime was strongly driven by precipitation (rather than temperature), shifting to an anthropogenic-driven regime with the Industrial Revolution. Our future projections indicate an impending shift to a temperature-driven global fire regime in the 21st century, creating an unprecedentedly fire-prone environment. These results suggest a possibility that in the future climate will play a consider- ably stronger role in driving global fire trends, outweighing direct human influence on fire (both ignition and suppression), a reversal from the situation during the last two centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WILDFIRES
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - INDUSTRIAL revolution
KW  - TWENTIETH century
KW  - ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature
KW  - biomass burning
KW  - fire modeling
KW  - human-environment interactions
KW  - paleoclirnate
N1  - Accession Number: 57843344; Pechony, O. 1; Email Address: opechony@giss.nasa.gov Shindell, D. T. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025.; Source Info: 11/9/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 45, p19167; Subject Term: WILDFIRES; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL revolution; Subject Term: TWENTIETH century; Subject Term: ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomass burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: human-environment interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: paleoclirnate; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1003669 107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - De Young, Russell
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Allen Chu, D.
T1  - Comparison of summer and winter California central valley aerosol distributions from lidar and MODIS measurements
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/11/11/
VL  - 44
IS  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 4510
EP  - 4520
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Aerosol distributions from two aircraft lidar campaigns conducted in the California Central Valley are compared in order to identify seasonal variations. Aircraft lidar flights were conducted in June 2003 and February 2007. While the ground PM2.5 (particulate matter with diameter≤2.5μm) concentration was highest in the winter, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured from the MODIS and lidar instruments was highest in the summer. A multiyear seasonal comparison shows that PM2.5 in the winter can exceed summer PM2.5 by 68%, while summer AOD from MODIS exceeds winter AOD by 29%. Warmer temperatures and wildfires in the summer produce elevated aerosol layers that are detected by satellite measurements, but not necessarily by surface particulate matter monitors. Temperature inversions, especially during the winter, contribute to higher PM2.5 measurements at the surface. Measurements of the mixing layer height from lidar instruments provide valuable information needed to understand the correlation between satellite measurements of AOD and in situ measurements of PM2.5. Lidar measurements also reflect the ammonium nitrate chemistry observed in the San Joaquin Valley, which may explain the discrepancy between the MODIS AOD and PM2.5 measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - California
KW  - Lidar
KW  - MODIS
KW  - San Joaquin Valley
N1  - Accession Number: 54010239; Lewis, Jasper 1; Email Address: jasper.r.lewis@nasa.gov De Young, Russell 2 Ferrare, Richard 2 Allen Chu, D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Atmospheric Science, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Goddard Earth Science and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 44 Issue 35, p4510; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin Valley; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.07.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=54010239&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Catalanotti, G.
AU  - Camanho, P.P.
AU  - Xavier, J.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
AU  - Marques, A.T.
T1  - Measurement of resistance curves in the longitudinal failure of composites using digital image correlation
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2010/11/15/
VL  - 70
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1986
EP  - 1993
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents a new methodology to measure the crack resistance curves associated with fiber-dominated failure modes in polymer–matrix composites. The crack resistance curves not only characterize the fracture toughness of the material, but are also the basis for the identification of the parameters of the softening laws used in the numerical simulation of fracture in composite materials. The proposed method is based on the identification of the crack tip location using Digital Image Correlation and the calculation of the J-integral directly from the test data using a simple expression derived for cross-ply composite laminates. It is shown that the results obtained using the proposed methodology yield crack resistance curves similar to those obtained using Finite Element based methods for compact tension carbon–epoxy specimens. However, it is also shown that, while the Digital Image Correlation based technique mitigates the problems resulting from Finite Element based data reduction schemes applied to compact compression tests, the delamination that accompanies the propagation of a kink-band renders compact compression test specimens unsuitable to measure resistance curves associated with fiber kinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - R-curves
KW  - LONGITUDINAL method
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs)
KW  - B. Fracture toughness
N1  - Accession Number: 53971234; Catalanotti, G. 1 Camanho, P.P. 1; Email Address: pcamanho@fe.up.pt Xavier, J. 2 Dávila, C.G. 3 Marques, A.T. 1; Affiliation:  1: DEMec, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal  2: CITAB/UTAD, Engenharias I, Apartado 1013 5001, 801 Vila Real, Portugal  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 70 Issue 13, p1986; Subject Term: R-curves; Subject Term: LONGITUDINAL method; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fracture toughness; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.07.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Rinsland, C.P.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Sams, R.L.
AU  - Blake, T.A.
AU  - Flaud, Jean-Marie
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Multispectrum measurements of spectral line parameters including temperature dependences of N2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients in the region of the ν9 band of 12C2H6
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2010/11/15/
VL  - 111
IS  - 17/18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2481
EP  - 2504
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Ethane is a prominent contributor to the spectrum of Titan, particularly in the ν9 region centered near 822cm−1. To improve the spectroscopic line parameters at 12μm, 41 high-resolution (0.0016–0.005cm−1) absorption spectra of C2H6 were obtained at sample temperatures between 211 and 298K with the Bruker IFS 120HR at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington. Two additional spectra were later recorded at ∼150K using a new temperature-stabilized cryogenic cell designed for the sample compartment of the Bruker IFS 125HR at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. A multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting program was applied simultaneously to all 43 spectra to measure the line positions, intensities, N2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients and their temperature dependences. Reliable pressure-induced shift coefficients could not be obtained, however, because of the high congestion of spectral lines (due to torsional-split components, hot-band transitions as well as blends). Existing theoretical modeling of this very complicated ν9 region permitted effective control of the multispectrum fitting technique; some constraints were applied using predicted intensity ratios, doublet separations, half-width coefficients and their temperature dependence exponents in order to determine reliable parameters for each of the two torsional-split components. For 12C2H6, the resulting retrievals included 17 pQ and rQ sub-bands of ν9 (as well as some pP, rR sub-bands). Positions and intensities were measured for 3771 transitions, and a puzzling difference between previously measured ν9 intensities was clarified. In addition, line positions and intensities were obtained for two 12C2H6 hot bands (ν9+ν4−ν4, ν9+2ν4−2ν4) and the ν9 band of 13C12CH6, as well as several hundred presently unidentified transitions. N2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients were determined for over 1700 transitions, along with 1350 corresponding temperature dependence exponents. Similar to N2- and self-broadened half-width coefficients, their temperature dependence exponents were also found to follow distinctively different patterns. However, while the self- and N2-broaded widths differed by 40%, the temperature dependence exponents of the two broadening gases were similar. The variations of the observed half-width coefficients and their temperature dependences with respect to J, K quantum numbers were modeled with a set of linear equations for each K. The present broadening coefficients compared well with some of the prior measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - SPECTRAL line formation
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Ethane
KW  - Fourier transform spectra
KW  - Intensities
KW  - Line shapes
KW  - Nitrogen broadening
KW  - Positions
KW  - Pressure-broadened widths
KW  - Self broadening
KW  - Temperature dependence
KW  - PACIFIC Northwest National Laboratory (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 53721107; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: malathyv@hotmail.com Chris Benner, D. 1 Rinsland, C.P. 2 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Sams, R.L. 3 Blake, T.A. 3 Flaud, Jean-Marie 4 Sung, Keeyoon 5 Brown, L.R. 5 Mantz, A.W. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, WA 99352, USA  4: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systems atmospheriques, C.N.R.S., UMR 7583, Universités Paris Est and Paris 7, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 111 Issue 17/18, p2481; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line formation; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line shapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-broadened widths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Company/Entity: PACIFIC Northwest National Laboratory (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.07.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Hu, Yong-Xiang
AU  - Feng, Qian
T1  - The impact of ice particle roughness on the scattering phase matrix
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2010/11/15/
VL  - 111
IS  - 17/18
M3  - Article
SP  - 2534
EP  - 2549
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The goal of this study is to explore the influence of ice particle habit (or shape) and surface roughness on the scattering phase matrix. As an example, reported here are the results for two wavelengths: 0.67 and 1.61μm. For this effort, a database of single-scattering properties has been computed for a set of habits including hexagonal plates, hollow and solid columns, hollow and solid 3D bullet rosettes, droxtals, aggregates of solid columns, and aggregates of plates. The database provides properties for each of the habits at 101 wavelengths between 0.45 and 2.24μm for smooth, moderately roughened, and severely roughened particles. At each wavelength, the scattering properties are provided at 233 discrete particle diameters ranging from 2 to 10,000μm. A single particle size distribution from a very cold ice cloud sampled during the CRYSTAL-FACE field campaign (T cld=–76°C) is used to illustrate the influence of habit and roughness on the phase matrix. In all, four different habit mixtures are evaluated. The nonzero elements of the phase matrix are shown to be quite sensitive to the assumed habit, particularly in the case of −P 12/P 11 that is associated with the degree of linear polarization of scattered radiation. Surface roughness is shown to smooth out maxima in the scattering phase function and in the other elements of the phase matrix, consistent with other studies. To compare with the theoretical simulations of the phase matrix for smooth and roughened particles, a full year of cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIOP) data from 2008 is analyzed to provide global statistics on the values of P 11 and P 22/P 11 in the backscattering direction. In a comparison of two of the habit mixtures (one used for MODIS Collection 5 and another that incorporates new habits including hollow bullet rosettes and aggregates of plates) with the CALIOP data, the values for P 11 are higher regardless of the degree of particle surface roughness, and the values for P 22/P 11 are lower than those for CALIOP. Further investigation is warranted to better understand this discrepancy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - S-matrix theory
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Polarized reflectance
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 53721112; Baum, Bryan A. 1; Email Address: bryan.baum@ssec.wisc.edu Yang, Ping 2 Hu, Yong-Xiang 3 Feng, Qian 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 W. Dayton Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA  2: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 111 Issue 17/18, p2534; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: S-matrix theory; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarized reflectance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.07.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53721112&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeFries, R.
AU  - Rosenzweig, C.
T1  - Toward a whole-landscape approach for sustainable land use in the tropics.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2010/11/16/
VL  - 107
IS  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 19627
EP  - 19632
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Increasing food production and mitigating climate change are two primary but seemingly contradictory objectives for tropical landscapes. This special feature examines synergies and trade-offs among these objectives. Four themes emerge from the papers: the important roles of both forest and agriculture sectors for climate mitigation in tropical countries; the minor contribution from deforestation-related agricultural expansion to overall food production at global and continental scales; the opportunities for synergies between improved food production and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through diversion of agricultural expansion to already-cleared lands, improved soil, crop, and livestock management, and agroforestry; and the need for targeted policy and management interventions to make these synergistic opportunities a reality. We conclude that agricultural intensification is a key factor to meet dual objectives of food production and climate mitigation, but there is no single panacea for balancing these objectives in all tropical landscapes. Place-specific strategies for sustainable land use emerge from assessments of current land use, demographics, and other biophysical and socioeconomic characteristics. using a whole-landscape, multisector perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAND use
KW  - ECONOMICS
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - AGRICULTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 57412364; DeFries, R. 1; Email Address: rd2402@columbía.edu Rosenzweig, C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Deparment of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute of Space Studies, New York, NY 10025.; Source Info: 11/16/2010, Vol. 107 Issue 46, p19627; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: ECONOMICS; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/prias.1011163107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, H.B.
AU  - Anderson, B.E.
AU  - Brune, W.H.
AU  - Cai, C.
AU  - Cohen, R.C.
AU  - Crawford, J.H.
AU  - Cubison, M.J.
AU  - Czech, E.P.
AU  - Emmons, L.
AU  - Fuelberg, H.E.
AU  - Huey, G.
AU  - Jacob, D.J.
AU  - Jimenez, J.L.
AU  - Kaduwela, A.
AU  - Kondo, Y.
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Olson, J.R.
AU  - Sachse, G.W.
AU  - Vay, S.A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
T1  - Pollution influences on atmospheric composition and chemistry at high northern latitudes: Boreal and California forest fire emissions
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/11/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 4553
EP  - 4564
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: We analyze detailed atmospheric gas/aerosol composition data acquired during the 2008 NASA ARCTAS (Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites) airborne campaign performed at high northern latitudes in spring (ARCTAS-A) and summer (ARCTAS-B) and in California in summer (ARCTAS-CARB). Biomass burning influences were widespread throughout the ARCTAS campaign. MODIS data from 2000 to 2009 indicated that 2008 had the second largest fire counts over Siberia and a more normal Canadian boreal forest fire season. Near surface arctic air in spring contained strong anthropogenic signatures indicated by high sulfate. In both spring and summer most of the pollution plumes transported to the Arctic region were from Europe and Asia and were present in the mid to upper troposphere and contained a mix of forest fire and urban influences. The gas/aerosol composition of the high latitude troposphere was strongly perturbed at all altitudes in both spring and summer. The reactive nitrogen budget was balanced with PAN as the dominant component. Mean ozone concentrations in the high latitude troposphere were only minimally perturbed (<5ppb), although many individual pollution plumes sampled in the mid to upper troposphere, and mixed with urban influences, contained elevated ozone (ΔO3/ΔCO=0.11±0.09v/v). Emission and optical characteristics of boreal and California wild fires were quantified and found to be broadly comparable. Greenhouse gas emission estimates derived from ARCTAS-CARB data for the South Coast Air Basin of California show good agreement with state inventories for CO2 and N2O but indicate substantially larger emissions of CH4. Simulations by multiple models of transport and chemistry were found to be broadly consistent with observations with a tendency towards under prediction at high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST fires
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - WILDFIRES -- Environmental aspects
KW  - GREENHOUSE gas mitigation
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Arctic pollution
KW  - Greenhouse gases
KW  - Models
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Wild fires
N1  - Accession Number: 54010246; Singh, H.B. 1; Email Address: hanwant.b.singh@nasa.gov Anderson, B.E. 2 Brune, W.H. 3 Cai, C. 4 Cohen, R.C. 5 Crawford, J.H. 2 Cubison, M.J. 6 Czech, E.P. 1 Emmons, L. 7 Fuelberg, H.E. 8 Huey, G. 9 Jacob, D.J. 10 Jimenez, J.L. 6 Kaduwela, A. 4 Kondo, Y. 11 Mao, J. 10 Olson, J.R. 2 Sachse, G.W. 2 Vay, S.A. 2 Weinheimer, A. 7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA  4: California Environmental Protection Agency, Sacramento, CA, USA  5: University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA  6: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  7: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  8: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA  9: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  10: Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA  11: University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 44 Issue 36, p4553; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: WILDFIRES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gas mitigation; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arctic pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenhouse gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wild fires; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Swanson, Aaron
AU  - Meinardi, Simone
AU  - Rowland, F.S.
AU  - Davis, Douglas
T1  - Abundances and variability of tropospheric volatile organic compounds at the South Pole and other Antarctic locations
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/11/21/
VL  - 44
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 4565
EP  - 4574
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Multiyear (2000–2006) seasonal measurements of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, halogenated species, dimethyl sulfide, carbonyl sulfide and C1–C4 alkyl nitrates at the South Pole are presented for the first time. At the South Pole, short-lived species (such as the alkenes) typically were not observed above their limits of detection because of long transit times from source regions. Peak mixing ratios of the longer lived species with anthropogenic sources were measured in late winter (August and September) with decreasing mixing ratios throughout the spring. In comparison, compounds with a strong oceanic source, such as bromoform and methyl iodide, had peak mixing ratios earlier in the winter (June and July) because of decreased oceanic production during the winter months. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS), which is also oceanically emitted but has a short lifetime, was rarely measured above 5 pptv. This is in contrast to high DMS mixing ratios at coastal locations and shows the importance of photochemical removal during transport to the pole. Alkyl nitrate mixing ratios peaked during April and then decreased throughout the winter. The dominant source of the alkyl nitrates in the region is believed to be oceanic emissions rather than photochemical production due to low alkane levels. Sampling of other tropospheric environments via a Twin Otter aircraft included the west coast of the Ross Sea and large stretches of the Antarctic Plateau. In the coastal atmosphere, a vertical gradient was found with the highest mixing ratios of marine emitted compounds at low altitudes. Conversely, for anthropogenically produced species the highest mixing ratios were measured at the highest altitudes, suggesting long-range transport to the continent. Flights flown through the plume of Mount Erebus, an active volcano, revealed that both carbon monoxide and carbonyl sulfide are emitted with an OCS/CO molar ratio of 3.3 × 10−3 consistent with direct observations by other investigators within the crater rim. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - EFFECT of human beings on weather
KW  - DIMETHYL sulfide
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - COASTS
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - ANTARCTIC Ocean
KW  - Airborne measurements
KW  - ANTCI
KW  - Alkyl nitrate production
KW  - Antarctic troposphere
KW  - Mount Erebus
KW  - VOC seasonal variability
N1  - Accession Number: 54010247; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 1; Email Address: andreas.j.beyersdorf@nasa.gov Blake, Donald R. 2 Swanson, Aaron 3 Meinardi, Simone 2 Rowland, F.S. 2 Davis, Douglas 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23662, USA  2: University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  3: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, Redondo Beach, CA 90278, USA  4: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 44 Issue 36, p4565; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: EFFECT of human beings on weather; Subject Term: DIMETHYL sulfide; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: COASTS; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Subject Term: ANTARCTIC Ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: ANTCI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkyl nitrate production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic troposphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mount Erebus; Author-Supplied Keyword: VOC seasonal variability; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Russian; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ibar, Edo
AU  - Ivison, R. J.
AU  - Cava, A.
AU  - Rodighiero, G.
AU  - Buttiglione, S.
AU  - Temi, P.
AU  - Frayer, D.
AU  - Fritz, J.
AU  - Leeuw, L.
AU  - Baes, M.
AU  - Rigby, E.
AU  - Verma, A.
AU  - Serjeant, S.
AU  - Müller, T.
AU  - Auld, R.
AU  - Dariush, A.
AU  - Dunne, L.
AU  - Eales, S.
AU  - Maddox, S.
AU  - Panuzzo, P.
T1  - H-ATLAS: PACS imaging for the Science Demonstration Phase E. Ibar et al. PACS data reduction.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/11/21/
VL  - 409
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 47
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We describe the reduction of data taken with the PACS instrument on board the Herschel Space Observatory in the Science Demonstration Phase of the Herschel-ATLAS ( H-ATLAS) survey, specifically data obtained for a deg region using Herschel's fast-scan (60 arcsec s) parallel mode. We describe in detail a pipeline for data reduction using customized procedures within from data retrieval to the production of science-quality images. We found that the standard procedure for removing cosmic ray glitches also removed parts of bright sources and so implemented an effective two-stage process to minimize these problems. The pronounced noise is removed from the timelines using 3.4- and 2.5-arcmin boxcar high-pass filters at 100 and 160 μm. Empirical measurements of the point spread function (PSF) are used to determine the encircled energy fraction as a function of aperture size. For the 100- and 160-μm bands, the effective PSFs are ∼9 and ∼13 arcsec (FWHM), and the 90-per cent encircled energy radii are 13 and 18 arcsec. Astrometric accuracy is good to ≲2 arcsec. The noise in the final maps is correlated between neighbouring pixels and rather higher than advertised prior to launch. For a pair of cross-scans, the 5σ point-source sensitivities are 125-165 mJy for 9-13 arcsec radius apertures at 100 μm and 150-240 mJy for 13-18 arcsec radius apertures at 160 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - PHYSICAL sciences
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - surveys
KW  - techniques: image processing
N1  - Accession Number: 55088501; Ibar, Edo 1; Email Address: ibar@roe.ac.uk Ivison, R. J. 1,2 Cava, A. 3 Rodighiero, G. 4 Buttiglione, S. 5 Temi, P. 6 Frayer, D. 7 Fritz, J. 8 Leeuw, L. 6 Baes, M. 8 Rigby, E. 9 Verma, A. 10 Serjeant, S. 11 Müller, T. 12 Auld, R. 13 Dariush, A. 13 Dunne, L. 9 Eales, S. 13 Maddox, S. 9 Panuzzo, P. 14; Affiliation:  1: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ.  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ.  3: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias and Departamento de Astrofísica de la Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.  4: University of Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova, Italy.  5: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy.  6: Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  7: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.  8: Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium.  9: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD.  10: Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH.  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA.  12: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, 85748 Garching, Germany.  13: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA.  14: CEA, Laboratoire AIM, Irfu/SAp, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 409 Issue 1, p38; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: PHYSICAL sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: image processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17620.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tam, Christopher K.W.
AU  - Ju, H.
AU  - Jones, M.G.
AU  - Watson, W.R.
AU  - Parrott, T.L.
T1  - A computational and experimental study of resonators in three dimensions
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2010/11/22/
VL  - 329
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 5164
EP  - 5193
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: In a previous work by the present authors, a computational and experimental investigation of the acoustic properties of two-dimensional slit resonators was carried out. The present paper reports the results of a study extending the previous work to three dimensions. This investigation has two basic objectives. The first is to validate the computed results from direct numerical simulations of the flow and acoustic fields of slit resonators in three dimensions by comparing with experimental measurements in a normal incidence impedance tube. The second objective is to study the flow physics of resonant liners responsible for sound wave dissipation. Extensive comparisons are provided between computed and measured acoustic liner properties with both discrete frequency and broadband sound sources. Good agreements are found over a wide range of frequencies and sound pressure levels. Direct numerical simulation confirms the previous finding in two dimensions that vortex shedding is the dominant dissipation mechanism at high sound pressure intensity. However, it is observed that the behavior of the shed vortices in three dimensions is quite different from those of two dimensions. In three dimensions, the shed vortices tend to evolve into ring (circular in plan form) vortices, even though the slit resonator opening from which the vortices are shed has an aspect ratio of 2.5. Under the excitation of discrete frequency sound, the shed vortices align themselves into two regularly spaced vortex trains moving away from the resonator opening in opposite directions. This is different from the chaotic shedding of vortices found in two-dimensional simulations. The effect of slit aspect ratio at a fixed porosity is briefly studied. For the range of liners considered in this investigation, it is found that the absorption coefficient of a liner increases when the open area of the single slit is subdivided into multiple, smaller slits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - VORTEX shedding
KW  - ACOUSTICAL engineering
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
N1  - Accession Number: 52825242; Tam, Christopher K.W. 1; Email Address: tam@math.fsu.edu Ju, H. 1 Jones, M.G. 2 Watson, W.R. 2 Parrott, T.L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department o Mathematics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4510, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Nov2010, Vol. 329 Issue 24, p5164; Subject Term: SOUND -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: VORTEX shedding; Subject Term: ACOUSTICAL engineering; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2010.06.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Globus, Al
T1  - NASA/NSS SPACE SETTLEMENT CONTEST ATTRACTS OVER 1,000 STUDENTS.
JO  - Ad Astra
JF  - Ad Astra
Y1  - 2010///Winter2010
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 36
SN  - 1041102X
AB  - The article discusses the U.S. National Aeronautic Space Administration (NASA) Ames/National Space Society Student Space Settlement Design Contest in 2010. Over 1,000 students from all over the world reportedly submitted their ideas on paper on living and working in space, with the Grand Prize going to a 14-student team from Durango High School in Colorado, which looked into the strategic use of Mars' orbit in large-scale operations in that planet. Another contest within the school year with submissions due on March 15, 2011 is also announced.
KW  - CONTESTS
KW  - STUDENTS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - NATIONAL Space Society (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 55749802; Globus, Al 1; Affiliation:  1: Contractor, San Jose State University, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Winter2010, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p36; Subject Term: CONTESTS; Subject Term: STUDENTS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration DUNS Number:  Company/Entity: NATIONAL Space Society (U.S.) DUNS Number: 074827429; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morris, Philip J.
AU  - Miller, Steven A. E.
T1  - Prediction of Broadband Shock-Associated Noise Using Reynolds-Averaged Navier--Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 48
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2931
EP  - 2944
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Broadband shock-associated noise is a component of jet noise generated by supersonic jets operating offdesign. It is characterized by multiple broadband peaks and dominates the total noise at large angles to the jet downstream axis. A new model is introduced for the prediction of broadband shock-associated noise that uses the solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The noise model is an acoustic analogy based on the linearized Euler equations. The equivalent source terms depend on the product of the fluctuations associated with the jet's shock-cell structure and the turbulent velocity fluctuations in the jet shear layer. The former are deterministic and are obtained from the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solution. A statistical model is introduced to describe the properties of the turbulence. Only the geometry and operating conditions of the nozzle need to be known to make noise predictions. This overcomes the limitations and empiricism present in previous broadband shock-associated noise models. Results for various axisymmetric circular nozzles and a rectangular nozzle operating at various conditions are compared with experimental data to validate the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
N1  - Accession Number: 56632491; Morris, Philip J. 1,2 Miller, Steven A. E. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Fellow AIAA  2: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16803  3: Member AIAA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 48 Issue 12, p2931; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050560
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MERLO, JAMES L.
AU  - DULEY, AARON R.
AU  - HANCOCK, PETER A.
T1  - Cross-modal congruency benefits for combined tactile and visual signaling.
JO  - American Journal of Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Psychology
Y1  - 2010///Winter2010
VL  - 123
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 424
SN  - 00029556
AB  - This series of experiments tested the assimilation and efficacy of tactile messages that were created based on five common military arm and hand signals. We compared the response times and accuracy rates for these tactile representations against responses to equivalent visual representations of the same messages. Experimentally, such messages were displayed in either tactile or visual forms alone, or using both modalities in combination. There was a performance benefit for concurrent message presentations, which showed superior response times and improved accuracy rates when compared with individual presentations in either modality alone. Such improvement was due largely to a reduction in premotor response time. These improvements occurred equally in military and nonmilitary samples. Potential reasons for this multimodal facilitation are discussed. On a practical level, these results confirm the utility of tactile messaging to augment visual messaging, especially in challenging and stressful environments where visual messaging is not feasible or effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Psychology is the property of University of Illinois Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOUCH
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - STRESS (Psychology)
KW  - EMOTIONS (Psychology)
KW  - MENTAL health
N1  - Accession Number: 57278113; MERLO, JAMES L. 1 DULEY, AARON R. 2 HANCOCK, PETER A. 3; Affiliation:  1: United States Military Academy, West Point  2: NASA Ames Research Center  3: University of Central Florida, Orlando; Source Info: Winter2010, Vol. 123 Issue 4, p413; Subject Term: TOUCH; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: STRESS (Psychology); Subject Term: EMOTIONS (Psychology); Subject Term: MENTAL health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621330 Offices of Mental Health Practitioners (except Physicians); Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurrell, James W.
AU  - Meehl, Gerald A.
AU  - Bader, Dave
AU  - Delworth, Thomas L.
AU  - Kirtman, Ben
AU  - Wielick, Bruce
T1  - Reply.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 91
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1702
EP  - 1703
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - No Abstract available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes -- Detection
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations
KW  - LAST Glacial Maximum
KW  - GEOLOGICAL modeling
KW  - PIELKE, Roger A., 1946-
N1  - Accession Number: 60882776; Hurrell, James W. 1 Meehl, Gerald A. 1 Bader, Dave 2 Delworth, Thomas L. 3 Kirtman, Ben 4 Wielick, Bruce 5; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  2: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee  3: NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey  4: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, and Center for Ocean--Land--Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, Maryland  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 91 Issue 12, p1702; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Detection; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations; Subject Term: LAST Glacial Maximum; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL modeling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; People: PIELKE, Roger A., 1946-; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010BAMS3118.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Kletetschka, G.
AU  - Horikawa, D.
AU  - Mikula, V.
AU  - Parsons, A.
AU  - Bodnarik, J.
AU  - Chervenak, J.
T1  - 32. Sub-Kelvin resistance, impact resistance, and neutron dose of the tardigrade: Ramazzottius varieoranatus
JO  - Cryobiology
JF  - Cryobiology
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 371
EP  - 372
SN  - 00112240
N1  - Accession Number: 55488664; Kletetschka, G. 1,2,3 Horikawa, D. 4 Mikula, V. 1,2 Parsons, A. 1 Bodnarik, J. 1 Chervenak, J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Astrochemistry, GSFC/NASA, Code 691, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  2: Department of Physics, Catholic University of America, 200 Hannan Hall, DC 20064, United States  3: Institute of Geology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rozvojova 269, 16500 Prague 6, Czech Republic  4: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  5: Cryogenic Detector Systems, GSFC/NASA, Code 553, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p371; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2010.10.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loftus, D. J.
AU  - Rask, J. C.
AU  - McCrossin, C. G.
AU  - Tranfield, E. M.
T1  - The Chemical Reactivity of Lunar Dust: From Toxicity to Astrobiology.
JO  - Earth, Moon & Planets
JF  - Earth, Moon & Planets
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 107
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 105
SN  - 01679295
AB  - The chemical reactivity of lunar dust is an important topic of inquiry, of fundamental scientific value and of practical relevance to human exploration of the Moon. Lunar specimens brought back to Earth by the Apollo astronauts provide a key resource for ground-based studies which help to define the initial avenues of inquiry. Even among the limited samples obtained from equatorial exploration sites, however, chemical reactivity analyses indicates that lunar dust is heterogeneous, a finding that parallels heterogeneity revealed by remote sensing studies. The region-to-region variability of lunar dust argues that a full understanding of its chemical reactivity will require in situ analysis, on a region-to-region basis. The data from such investigations will help to shape our understanding of the potential for lunar dust toxicity, and will provide insight into the types of reactions that may occur with when lunar dust interacts with organic molecules on the surface of the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth, Moon & Planets is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - FREE radical reactions
KW  - Chemical reactivity
KW  - Free radical
KW  - Hydroxyl radical
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Moon
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Ultraviolet light
N1  - Accession Number: 59181586; Loftus, D. J. 1; Email Address: David.j.loftus@nasa.gov Rask, J. C. 1 McCrossin, C. G. 1 Tranfield, E. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 107 Issue 1, p95; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: FREE radical reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical reactivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Free radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl radical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet light; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11038-010-9376-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59181586&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merlin, F.
AU  - Barucci, M.A.
AU  - de Bergh, C.
AU  - DeMeo, F.E.
AU  - Alvarez-Candal, A.
AU  - Dumas, C.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
T1  - Chemical and physical properties of the variegated Pluto and Charon surfaces
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 210
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 930
EP  - 943
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present new photometric and spectroscopic observations of the Pluto–Charon system carried out at the VLT-ESO (Chile) with two 8-m telescopes equipped with the FORS2, ISAAC and SINFONI instruments. The spectra were obtained in the 0.6–2.45μm range with a spectral resolution from 300 to 1500. The SINFONI data were obtained using adaptive optics, allowing a complete separation of the two bodies. We derive both objects’ magnitudes in the near infrared and convert them into albedo values. These first near infrared photometric data allow to adjust the different parts of Pluto’s spectrum, provided by the three instruments. We run spectral models in order to give chemical and physical constraints on the surface of Pluto and Charon. We discuss the dilution properties of the methane ice and its implications on Pluto’s surface. The heterogeneities of the pure and diluted methane ice on Pluto’s surface is also investigated. The high signal-to-noise level of the data and our analyses may support the presence of ethane ice on the surface of Pluto, which is one of the main products of the methane irradiation and photolysis. The analyses of the spectra of Charon suggest that the water ice is almost completely in its crystalline form and that the ammonia compound is hydrated on the surface of this satellite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - METHANE
KW  - AMMONIUM compounds
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - Charon
KW  - Ices
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 55054437; Merlin, F. 1,2; Email Address: merlin@astro.umd.edu Barucci, M.A. 1 de Bergh, C. 1 DeMeo, F.E. 1 Alvarez-Candal, A. 3 Dumas, C. 3 Cruikshank, D.P. 4; Affiliation:  1: LESIA/Observatoire de Paris, 5, Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  3: ESO, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 210 Issue 2, p930; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: AMMONIUM compounds; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55054437&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Phebus, Bruce D.
AU  - Stone, Bradley M.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
T1  - Water ice cloud formation on Mars is more difficult than presumed: Laboratory studies of ice nucleation on surrogate materials
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 210
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 985
EP  - 991
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The role of water ice clouds in the martian water cycle and climate depends on cloud properties such as particle size and number distribution. These properties, in turn, depend on heterogeneous nucleation parameters which are poorly understood. Here we report laboratory experiments performed under martian temperature and water partial pressure conditions (158–185K, 9×10−7–1×10−4 Torr H2O) to determine the critical saturation ratio for ice onset, S crit, as a function of temperature and dust composition. Using infrared spectroscopy to monitor ice nucleation and growth, we find a significant barrier to ice formation, with a pronounced temperature dependence. Even on clay minerals which show uptake of non-crystalline water before ice nucleation, we find a saturation ratio of 2.5 or more (RHice >250%) is needed to begin ice growth at temperatures near 160K. These results could lead to changes of four orders of magnitude in the nucleation rate relative to the presumptions used currently in Mars microphysical models, which commonly set the contact parameter, m, to a single value of 0.95. Our results range from m =0.84 to m =0.98. For ice nucleation on Arizona Test Dust, the temperature dependence is described by m =0.0046* T nucl +0.1085, while m =0.0055* T nucl +0.0003 on a smectite-rich clay sample. Our findings suggest that cloud formation will be more difficult than previously thought, potentially leading to areas of increased near-surface humidity but generally drier conditions in the atmosphere of Mars, overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - WATER bikes
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SATURATION vapor pressure
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheres, Composition
KW  - Ices
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 55054441; Iraci, Laura T. 1; Email Address: laura.t.iraci@nasa.gov Phebus, Bruce D. 1,2 Stone, Bradley M. 2 Colaprete, Anthony 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: San Jose State University, Department of Chemistry, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192, United States; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 210 Issue 2, p985; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: WATER bikes; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SATURATION vapor pressure; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.07.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55054441&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodard, Stanley E.
T1  - Functional Electrical Sensors as Single Component Electrically Open Circuits Having No Electrical Connections.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2010/12//12/01/2010
VL  - 59
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3206
EP  - 3213
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Closed circuits have been used in electrical systems since Alessandro Volta's invention of the modern battery in 1800 made the first closed electrical circuits possible. Even though a capacitor in a circuit could be considered as an open circuit, its use requires electrical connections to a circuit. This paper reports successful measurement of fluid level using a self-resonating planar pattern of electrically conductive material that is an open-circuit single-component sans electrical connections that is wirelessly powered using external oscillating magnetic fields. The circuit responded with its own magnetic harmonic that changed monotonically with the fluid level. The same external antenna received the circuit response providing a means of interrogating the sensor. By eliminating electrical connections, there is no single point that, if damaged, prevents the circuit from being powered and interrogated, thus, eliminating a key failure mode of electrical devices. Sensors used for the initial fluid-level measurements have portions of their circuits severed from the other portions. The damaged sensors were then successfully used to measure the fluid level. Although the results for fluid-level measurement are presented herein, theoretically, many electrical devices whose functions depend on the use of electric fields, magnetic fields or resistance could be developed as open circuits. The applications are far-reaching, from safer damage-resilient self-sensing human-implanted medical sensors to applications with vehicle systems, buildings, food processing and storage, package tamper detection and other measurements that can be related to capacitance, inductance or resistance. Furthermore, this work lays the foundation for developing other electrical components that can be designed without the use of closed circuits or electrical connections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - MAGNETIC circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC inductance
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - CAPACITORS
KW  - Capacitance
KW  - Fluid-level sensor
KW  - Inductance
KW  - Magnetic circuits
KW  - magnetic field response sensor
KW  - Magnetic sensors
KW  - Magnetomechanical effects
KW  - open-circuit sensor
KW  - SansEC
KW  - self-health monitoring sensor
KW  - Sensor systems and applications
KW  - Telemetry
KW  - wireless passive sensor
N1  - Accession Number: 55090166; Woodard, Stanley E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 12/01/2010, Vol. 59 Issue 12, p3206; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: MAGNETIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inductance; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capacitance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid-level sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inductance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic field response sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetomechanical effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: open-circuit sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: SansEC; Author-Supplied Keyword: self-health monitoring sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor systems and applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: wireless passive sensor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2010.2047546
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55090166&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Neill, Patrick M.
T1  - Badhwar–O'Neill 2010 Galactic Cosmic Ray Flux Model—Revised.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2010/12//12/1/2010 Part 1
VL  - 57
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3148
EP  - 3153
SN  - 00189499
AB  - The Badhwar–O'Neill galactic cosmic ray (GCR) model has been revised to model all balloon and satellite GCR measurements since 1955. This includes the newer 1997–2010 Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) measurements and spans six solar cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics)
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - SUNSPOTS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - Advanced composition explorer
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - galactic cosmic rays (GCRs)
KW  - heliosphere
KW  - radiation environment
KW  - single-event effect
KW  - solar modulation
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - sunspot number
N1  - Accession Number: 57254233; O'Neill, Patrick M. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Avionic Systems Division, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2010 Part 1, Vol. 57 Issue 6, p3148; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: SUNSPOTS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced composition explorer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: galactic cosmic rays (GCRs); Author-Supplied Keyword: heliosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-event effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: sunspot number; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2010.2083688
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57254233&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mikellides, Ioannis G.
AU  - Goebel, Dan M.
AU  - Snyder, John Steven
AU  - Katz, Ira
AU  - Herman, Daniel A.
T1  - The discharge plasma in ion engine neutralizers: Numerical simulations and comparisons with laboratory data.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 108
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 113308
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Numerical simulations of neutralizer hollow cathodes at various operating conditions and orifice sizes are presented. The simulations were performed using a two-dimensional axisymmetric model that solves numerically an extensive system of conservation laws for the partially ionized gas in these devices. The results for the plasma are compared directly with Langmuir probe measurements. The computed keeper voltages are also compared with the observed values. Whenever model inputs and/or specific physics of the cathode discharge were uncertain or unknown additional sensitivity calculations have been performed to quantify the uncertainties. The model has also been employed to provide insight into recent ground test observations of the neutralizer cathode in NASA's evolutionary xenon thruster. It is found that a likely cause of the observed keeper voltage drop in a long duration test of the engine is cathode orifice erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - ELECTRON tubes
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - NEUTRALIZATION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 55830621; Mikellides, Ioannis G. 1; Email Address: ioannis.g.mikellides@jpl.nasa.gov Goebel, Dan M. 1 Snyder, John Steven 1 Katz, Ira 1 Herman, Daniel A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 108 Issue 11, p113308; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: ELECTRON tubes; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: NEUTRALIZATION (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3514560
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55830621&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryan, Frank O.
AU  - Tomas, Robert
AU  - Dennis, John M.
AU  - Chelton, Dudley B.
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - McClean, Julie L.
T1  - Frontal Scale Air--Sea Interaction in High-Resolution Coupled Climate Models.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 23
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 6277
EP  - 6291
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The emerging picture of frontal scale air--sea interaction derived from high-resolution satellite observations of surface winds and sea surface temperature (SST) provides a unique opportunity to test the fidelity of high-resolution coupled climate simulations. Initial analysis of the output of a suite of Community Climate System Model (CCSM) experiments indicates that characteristics of frontal scale ocean--atmosphere interaction, such as the positive correlation between SST and surface wind stress, are realistically captured only when the ocean component is eddy resolving. The strength of the coupling between SST and surface stress is weaker than observed, however, as has been found previously for numerical weather prediction models and other coupled climate models. The results are similar when the atmospheric component model grid resolution is doubled from 0.5°° to 0.25°°, an indication that shortcomings in the representation of subgrid scale atmospheric planetary boundary layer processes, rather than resolved scale processes, are responsible for the weakness of the coupling. In the coupled model solutions the response to mesoscale SST features is strongest in the atmospheric boundary layer, but there is a deeper reaching response of the atmospheric circulation apparent in free tropospheric clouds. This simulated response is shown to be consistent with satellite estimates of the relationship between mesoscale SST and all-sky albedo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - THERMOCLINES (Oceanography)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - Airndashsea interaction
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Coupled models
KW  - Mesoscale systems
KW  - Sea surface temperature
KW  - Wind stress
N1  - Accession Number: 59526832; Bryan, Frank O. 1; Email Address: bryan@ucar.edu Tomas, Robert 1 Dennis, John M. 1 Chelton, Dudley B. 2 Loeb, Norman G. 3 McClean, Julie L. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  2: College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 23 Issue 23, p6277; Subject Term: OCEAN-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: THERMOCLINES (Oceanography); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airndashsea interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coupled models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesoscale systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind stress; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3665.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59526832&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oravec, H.A.
AU  - Zeng, X.
AU  - Asnani, V.M.
T1  - Design and characterization of GRC-1: A soil for lunar terramechanics testing in Earth-ambient conditions
JO  - Journal of Terramechanics
JF  - Journal of Terramechanics
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 361
EP  - 377
SN  - 00224898
AB  - Abstract: Earth experiments must be carried out on terrain that deforms similarly to the lunar terrain to assess the tractive performances of lunar vehicles. Most notably, terrain compaction and shear response underneath the lunar vehicle wheels must represent that of the Moon. This paper discusses the development of a new lunar soil simulant, Glenn Research Center lunar soil simulant #1 (GRC-1), which meets this need. A semi-empirical design approach was followed in which the soil was created by mixing readily available manufactured sands to a particle size distribution similar to the coarse fraction of lunar soil. By varying terrain density, a broad range of in situ cone penetration measurements collected by the Apollo mission astronauts can be replicated. An extensive set of characterization data is provided in this article to facilitate the use of this material. For reference, the index and geotechnical properties of GRC-1 are compared to the lunar soil and existing lunar soil simulants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Terramechanics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR surface vehicles
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - PENETROMETERS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MOON
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Apollo
KW  - Lunar soil simulant
KW  - Moon wheels
KW  - NASA
KW  - Penetrometer
KW  - Roving vehicle
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 53336424; Oravec, H.A. 1 Zeng, X. 1 Asnani, V.M. 2; Email Address: vivake.m.asnani@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 23-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p361; Subject Term: LUNAR surface vehicles; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: PENETROMETERS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apollo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar soil simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon wheels; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Penetrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Roving vehicle; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jterra.2010.04.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=53336424&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Xiaoyu
AU  - Huang, Yong
AU  - Nguyen, Nhan
T1  - Robustness quantification of recurrent neural network using unscented transform
JO  - Neurocomputing
JF  - Neurocomputing
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 74
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 354
EP  - 361
SN  - 09252312
AB  - Abstract: Artificial recurrent neural network has been proved to be a valuable tool in modeling nonlinear dynamical systems. Robustness study of recurrent neural network is critical to its successful implementation. The goal of robustness study is to reduce the sensitivity of modeling capability to parametric uncertainties or make the network fault tolerant. In this study, an uncertainty propagation analysis is performed to quantify the robustness of a recurrent neural network output due to perturbations in its trained weights. An uncertainty propagation analysis-based robustness measure has been proposed accordingly and further compared with available performance loss-based and sensitivity matrix-based approaches. Results show that the proposed robustness measure approach is more efficient, generic, and flexible to quantify the robustness of a recurrent neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Neurocomputing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - PREDICATE calculus
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - NEURAL computers
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - Recurrent neural network
KW  - Robustness
KW  - Uncertainty propagation
KW  - Unscented transform
N1  - Accession Number: 55499472; Wang, Xiaoyu 1 Huang, Yong 1; Email Address: yongh@clemson.edu Nguyen, Nhan 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634-0921, USA  2: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 74 Issue 1-3, p354; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: PREDICATE calculus; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: NEURAL computers; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: Recurrent neural network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robustness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unscented transform; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.neucom.2010.03.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stramel, A.A.
AU  - Gupta, M.C.
AU  - Lee, H.R.
AU  - Yu, J.
AU  - Edwards, W.C.
T1  - Pulsed laser deposition of carbon nanotube and polystyrene–carbon nanotube composite thin films
JO  - Optics & Lasers in Engineering
JF  - Optics & Lasers in Engineering
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 48
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1291
EP  - 1295
SN  - 01438166
AB  - Abstract: In this work, we report on the fabrication of carbon nanotube thin films via pulsed laser deposition using a pulsed, diode pumped, Tm:Ho:LuLF laser with 2μm wavelength. The thin films were deposited on silicon substrates using pure carbon nanotube targets and polystyrene–carbon nanotube composite targets. Raman spectra, scanning electron micrographs, and transmission electron micrographs show that carbon nanotubes are present in the deposited thin films, and that the pulsed laser deposition process causes minimal degradation to the quality of the nanotubes when using pure carbon nanotube targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optics & Lasers in Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSED laser deposition
KW  - THIN films
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - POLYSTYRENE
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - LASER ablation
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - CNT
KW  - Laser ablation
KW  - Thin films
N1  - Accession Number: 53574748; Stramel, A.A. 1 Gupta, M.C. 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu Lee, H.R. 2 Yu, J. 3 Edwards, W.C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 48 Issue 12, p1291; Subject Term: PULSED laser deposition; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: POLYSTYRENE; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: CNT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser ablation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin films; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326140 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2010.06.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BROOKS, KEVIN R.
AU  - STONE, LELAND S.
T1  - ACCURACY OF STEREOMOTION SPEED PERCEPTION WITH PERSISTING AND DYNAMIC TEXTURES.
JO  - Perceptual & Motor Skills
JF  - Perceptual & Motor Skills
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 111
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 921
EP  - 935
SN  - 00315125
AB  - It has been established that the motion in depth of stimuli visible to both eyes may be signalled binocularly either by a change of disparity over time or by the difference in the velocity of the images projected on each retina, known as an interocular velocity difference. A two-interval forced-choice stereomotion speed discrimination experiment was performed on four participants to ascertain the relative speed of a persistent random dot stereogram (RDS) and a dynamic RDS undergoing directly approaching or receding motion in depth. While the persistent RDS pattern involved identical dot patterns translating in opposite directions in each eye, and hence included both changing disparity and interocular velocity difference cues, the dynamic RDS pattern (which contains no coherent monocular motion signals) specified motion in depth through changing disparity, but no motion through interocular velocity difference. Despite an interocular velocity difference speed signal of zero motion in depth, the dynamic RDS stimulus appeared to move more rapidly. These observations are consistent with a scheme in which cues that rely on coherent monocular motion signals (such as looming and the interocular velocity difference cue) are less influential in dynamic stimuli due to their lack of reliability (i.e., increased noise). While dynamic RDS stimuli may be relatively unaffected by the contributions of such cues when they signal that the stimulus did not move in depth, the persistent RDS stimulus may retain a significant and conflicting contribution from the looming cue, resulting in a lower perceived speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Perceptual & Motor Skills is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEPTH perception
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - SENSORY stimulation
KW  - VISION
KW  - TASK performance
N1  - Accession Number: 57483207; BROOKS, KEVIN R. 1; Email Address: kevin.brooks@mq.edu.au STONE, LELAND S. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University  2: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 111 Issue 3, p921; Subject Term: DEPTH perception; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: SENSORY stimulation; Subject Term: VISION; Subject Term: TASK performance; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2466/15.24.27.PMS.111.6.921-935
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nishino, Takafumi
AU  - Hahn, Seonghyeon
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - Large-eddy simulations of a turbulent Coanda jet on a circulation control airfoil.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 22
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 125105
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Large-eddy simulations are performed of a turbulent Coanda jet separating from a rounded trailing edge of a simplified circulation control airfoil model. The freestream Reynolds number based on the airfoil chord is 0.49×106, the jet Reynolds number based on the jet slot height is 4470, and the ratio of the peak jet velocity to the freestream velocity is 3.96. Three different grid resolutions are used to show that their effect is very small on the mean surface pressure distribution, which agrees very well with experiments, as well as on the mean velocity profiles over the Coanda surface. It is observed that the Coanda jet becomes fully turbulent just downstream of the jet exit, accompanied by asymmetric alternating vortex shedding behind a thin (but blunt) jet blade splitting the jet and the external flow. A number of 'backward-tilted' hairpin vortices (i.e., the head of each hairpin being located upstream of the legs) are observed around the outer edge of the jet over the Coanda surface. These hairpins create strong upwash between the legs and weak downwash around them, contributing to turbulent mixing of the high-momentum jet below the hairpins and the low-momentum external flow above them. The probability density distribution of velocity fluctuations is shown to be highly asymmetric in this region, consistent with the observation that the hairpin vortices create strong upwash and weak downwash. Turbulent structures inside the jet, its spreading rate, and self-similarity are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - COANDA effect
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - VORTEX shedding
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - SELF-similar processes
N1  - Accession Number: 56911747; Nishino, Takafumi 1 Hahn, Seonghyeon 2 Shariff, Karim 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  2: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305,; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 22 Issue 12, p125105; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: COANDA effect; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: VORTEX shedding; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: SELF-similar processes; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3526757
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=56911747&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Xuan
AU  - Tanaka, Zuki
AU  - Newhouse, Rebecca
AU  - Xu, Qiao
AU  - Chen, Bin
AU  - Chen, Shaowei
AU  - Zhang, Jin Z.
AU  - Gu, Claire
T1  - Portable fiber sensors based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 81
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 123103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - Two portable molecular sensing systems based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) have been experimentally demonstrated using either a tip-coated multimode fiber (TCMMF) or a liquid core photonic crystal fiber (LCPCF) as the SERS probe. With Rhodamine 6G as a test molecule, the TCMMF-portable SERS system achieved 2-3 times better sensitivity than direct sampling (focusing the laser light directly into the sample without the fiber probe), and a highly sensitive LCPCF-portable SERS system reached a sensitivity up to 59 times that of direct sampling, comparable to the sensitivity enhancement achieved using fiber probes in the bulky Renishaw system. These fiber SERS probes integrated with a portable Raman spectrometer provide a promising scheme for a compact and flexible molecular sensing system with high sensitivity and portability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - SURFACE enhanced Raman effect
KW  - CRYSTAL whiskers
KW  - SAMPLING (Statistics)
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - MOLECULES
N1  - Accession Number: 65091181; Yang, Xuan 1,2 Tanaka, Zuki 1,2 Newhouse, Rebecca 3 Xu, Qiao 3 Chen, Bin 1,2 Chen, Shaowei 3 Zhang, Jin Z. 3 Gu, Claire 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064,  2: Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064,; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 81 Issue 12, p123103; Subject Term: FIBERS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: SURFACE enhanced Raman effect; Subject Term: CRYSTAL whiskers; Subject Term: SAMPLING (Statistics); Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: MOLECULES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3518957
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okraku, E.W.
AU  - Gupta, M.C.
AU  - Wright, K.D.
T1  - Pulsed laser annealing of P3HT/PCBM organic solar cells
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 94
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2013
EP  - 2017
SN  - 09270248
AB  - Abstract: A pulsed laser heating method has been investigated as a thermal annealing process for the improvement of P3HT/PCBM organic solar cell performance. We have shown that pulsed laser annealing can be used as an alternative to hot-plate annealing and produces comparable photovoltaic properties in P3HT/PCBM organic solar cells. Performance improvements can be achieved by irradiating either the ITO or aluminum electrodes. The increases in efficiency with laser annealing are due to increases in short circuit current density. Also, we have shown that morphology changes induced by rapid laser heating and cooling are similar to slower hot-plate annealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSED laser deposition
KW  - ANNEALING of crystals
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - ALUMINUM electrodes
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - Laser annealing
KW  - Organic solar cells
KW  - P3HT
KW  - PCBM
N1  - Accession Number: 54101712; Okraku, E.W. 1 Gupta, M.C. 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu Wright, K.D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Charles L. Brown Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 94 Issue 12, p2013; Subject Term: PULSED laser deposition; Subject Term: ANNEALING of crystals; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: ALUMINUM electrodes; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser annealing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic solar cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: P3HT; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCBM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2010.06.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silan, Jeremy L.
AU  - Niemann, Darrell L.
AU  - Ribaya, Bryan P.
AU  - Rahman, Mahmud
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
T1  - Investigation of carbon nanotube field emitter geometry for increased current density
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 54
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1543
EP  - 1548
SN  - 00381101
AB  - Abstract: In this work we present field emission characteristics of four geometrically distinct carbon nanotube pillar arrays. Each cathode has a unique geometric configuration with different structural parameters such as number of edges and vertices. We present experimental data demonstrating a carbon nanotube cold field emitter with an emitted current density of 31.8mA/cm2 at an applied field of 11V/μm. The performance of these cathodes can be directly attributed to the electric field being enhanced along the edges and vertices of the structures. We investigated this phenomenon experimentally by changing the geometry of the carbon nanotube pillar structure. We show that by increasing the number of edges and vertices of a structure to keep the electric field screening to a minimum, the emission current can be increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - FIELD emission
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - PATHS & cycles (Graph theory)
KW  - Carbon nanotube
KW  - Edge effect
KW  - Emitter array
KW  - Field emission
N1  - Accession Number: 53970707; Silan, Jeremy L. 1,2 Niemann, Darrell L. 1,2 Ribaya, Bryan P. 1,2 Rahman, Mahmud 2; Email Address: mrahman@scu.edu Meyyappan, M. 1 Nguyen, Cattien V. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Electron Devices Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, United States  3: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Park, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 54 Issue 12, p1543; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: FIELD emission; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: PATHS & cycles (Graph theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Edge effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emitter array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field emission; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sse.2010.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Medina, Maricel
AU  - Sherry, Lance
AU  - Feary, Michael
T1  - Automation for task analysis of next generation air traffic management systems
JO  - Transportation Research: Part C
JF  - Transportation Research: Part C
Y1  - 2010/12//
VL  - 18
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 921
EP  - 929
SN  - 0968090X
AB  - Abstract: The increasing span of control of Air Traffic Control enterprise automation (e.g. Flight Schedule Monitor, Departure Flow Management), along with lean-processes and pay-for-performance business models, has placed increased emphasis on operator training time and error rates. There are two traditional approaches to the design of human–computer interaction (HCI) to minimize training time and reduce error rates: (1) experimental user testing provides the most accurate assessment of training time and error rates, but occurs too late in the development cycle and is cost prohibitive, (2) manual review methods (e.g. cognitive walkthrough) can be used earlier in the development cycle, but suffer from poor accuracy and poor inter-rater reliability. Recent development of “affordable” human performance models provide the basis for the automation of task analysis and HCI design to obtain low cost, accurate, estimates of training time and error rates early in the development cycle. This paper describes a usability/HCI analysis tool that this intended for use by design engineers in the course of their software engineering duties. The tool computes estimates of trials-to-mastery (i.e. time to competence for training) and the probability of failure-to-complete for each task. The HCI required to complete a task on the automation under development is entered into the web-based tool via a form. Assessments of the salience of visual cues to prompt operator actions for the proposed design are used to compute training time and error rates. The web-based tool enables designers in multiple locations to review and contribute to the design. An example analysis is provided along with a discussion of the limitations of the tool and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part C is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - TASK analysis
KW  - ERROR rates
KW  - JOB analysis
KW  - USER-centered system design
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - INDUSTRIAL engineering
KW  - Human–computer interaction
KW  - Probability of failure-to-complete a task
KW  - Task analysis
KW  - Trials-to-mastery
KW  - Usability analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 53303751; Medina, Maricel 1; Email Address: mmedinam@gmu.edu Sherry, Lance 1; Email Address: lsherry@gmu.edu Feary, Michael 2; Email Address: Michael.feary@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Air Transportation System Research, George Mason University, VA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 18 Issue 6, p921; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: TASK analysis; Subject Term: ERROR rates; Subject Term: JOB analysis; Subject Term: USER-centered system design; Subject Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human–computer interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability of failure-to-complete a task; Author-Supplied Keyword: Task analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trials-to-mastery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Usability analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trc.2010.03.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaba, T.C.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
T1  - Faster and more accurate transport procedures for HZETRN
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2010/12/10/
VL  - 229
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 9397
EP  - 9417
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The deterministic transport code HZETRN was developed for research scientists and design engineers studying the effects of space radiation on astronauts and instrumentation protected by various shielding materials and structures. In this work, several aspects of code verification are examined. First, a detailed derivation of the light particle (A ⩽4) and heavy ion (A >4) numerical marching algorithms used in HZETRN is given. References are given for components of the derivation that already exist in the literature, and discussions are given for details that may have been absent in the past. The present paper provides a complete description of the numerical methods currently used in the code and is identified as a key component of the verification process. Next, a new numerical method for light particle transport is presented, and improvements to the heavy ion transport algorithm are discussed. A summary of round-off error is also given, and the impact of this error on previously predicted exposure quantities is shown. Finally, a coupled convergence study is conducted by refining the discretization parameters (step-size and energy grid-size). From this study, it is shown that past efforts in quantifying the numerical error in HZETRN were hindered by single precision calculations and computational resources. It is determined that almost all of the discretization error in HZETRN is caused by the use of discretization parameters that violate a numerical convergence criterion related to charged target fragments below 50AMeV. Total discretization errors are given for the old and new algorithms to 100g/cm2 in aluminum and water, and the improved accuracy of the new numerical methods is demonstrated. Run time comparisons between the old and new algorithms are given for one, two, and three layer slabs of 100g/cm2 of aluminum, polyethylene, and water. The new algorithms are found to be almost 100 times faster for solar particle event simulations and almost 10 times faster for galactic cosmic ray simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - Particle transport
KW  - Radiation exposure
KW  - Radiation transport
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 54390690; Slaba, T.C. 1; Email Address: Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov Blattnig, S.R. 1; Email Address: Steve.R.Blattnig@nasa.gov Badavi, F.F. 2; Email Address: Francis.F.Badavi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid St., MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Christopher Newport University, 1 University Pl., Newport News, VA 23607, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 229 Issue 24, p9397; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.09.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Kolláth, Z.
AU  - Molnár, L.
AU  - Kolenberg, K.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Bryson, S. T.
AU  - Benkő, J. M.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Koch, D.
AU  - Twicken, J. D.
AU  - Chadid, M.
AU  - Di Criscienzo, M.
AU  - Jeon, Y-B.
AU  - Moskalik, P.
AU  - Nemec, J. M.
AU  - Nuspl, J.
T1  - Does Kepler unveil the mystery of the Blazhko effect? First detection of period doubling in Kepler Blazhko RR Lyrae stars.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/12/11/
VL  - 409
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1244
EP  - 1252
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The first detection of the period doubling phenomenon is reported in the Kepler RR Lyrae stars RR Lyr, V808 Cyg and V355 Lyr. Interestingly, all these pulsating stars show Blazhko modulation. The period doubling manifests itself as alternating maxima and minima of the pulsational cycles in the light curve, as well as through the appearance of half-integer frequencies located halfway between the main pulsation period and its harmonics in the frequency spectrum. The effect was found to be stronger during certain phases of the modulation cycle. We were able to reproduce the period-doubling bifurcation in our non-linear RR Lyrae models computed by the Florida-Budapest hydrocode. This enabled us to trace the origin of this instability in RR Lyrae stars to a resonance, namely a 9:2 resonance between the fundamental mode and a high-order (ninth) radial overtone showing strange-mode characteristics. We discuss the connection of this new type of variation to the mysterious Blazhko effect and argue that it may give us fresh insights into solving this century-old enigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RR Lyrae stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - FREQUENCY spectra
KW  - MODULATION theory
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 55532002; Szabó, R. 1 Kolláth, Z. 1 Molnár, L. 1 Kolenberg, K. 2 Kurtz, D. W. 3 Bryson, S. T. 4 Benkő, J. M. 1 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 5 Kjeldsen, H. 5 Borucki, W. J. 4 Koch, D. 4 Twicken, J. D. 6 Chadid, M. 7 Di Criscienzo, M. 8 Jeon, Y-B. 9 Moskalik, P. 10 Nemec, J. M. 11 Nuspl, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  2: Institut für Astronomie, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  3: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  6: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Nice, Sophia-Antipolis, UMR 6525, parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France  8: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Roma, Italy  9: Korea Astronomy and Space Institute, Daejeon 305-346, Korea  10: Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716, Warsaw, Poland  11: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Camosun College, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5J2, Canada; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 409 Issue 3, p1244; Subject Term: RR Lyrae stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: FREQUENCY spectra; Subject Term: MODULATION theory; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17386.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rehak, Pavel
AU  - Carini, Gabriella
AU  - Chen, Wei
AU  - De Geronimo, Gianluigi
AU  - Fried, Jack
AU  - Li, Zheng
AU  - Pinelli, Donald A.
AU  - Peter Siddons, D.
AU  - Vernon, Emerson
AU  - Gaskin, Jessica A.
AU  - Ramsey, Brian D.
T1  - Arrays of silicon drift detectors for an extraterrestrial X-ray spectrometer
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A
Y1  - 2010/12/11/
VL  - 624
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 264
SN  - 01689002
AB  - Abstract: Arrays of Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) were designed, produced and tested. These arrays are the central part of an X-Ray Spectrometer (XRS) for measuring the abundances of light surface elements (C–Fe) fluoresced by ambient radiation on the investigated celestial object. The basic building element (or cell) of the arrays consists of a single hexagonal SDD. Signal electrons drift toward the center of the hexagon where a very low capacitance anode is located. The hexagonal shape of an individual SDD allows for a continuous covering of large detection areas of various shapes. To match the number of SDD cells with the external Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), two arrays, one with 16 and another with 64 cells were developed. One side of SDDs, called the window side, is a continuous thin rectifying junction through which the X-ray radiation enters the detector. The opposite side, called the device side contains electron collecting anodes as well as all other electrodes needed to generate the drift field and to sink leakage current produced on Si–SiO2 interface. On both sides of the detector array there is a system of guard rings, which smoothly adjusts the voltage of the boundary cells to the ground potential of the silicon outside the sensitive volume. The drift voltage inside the detector is generated by an implanted rectifying contact, which forms a hexagonal spiral. This spiral produces the main valley where signal electrons drift as well as the voltage divider to produce the drift field. System performance is shown by a spectrum of Mn X-rays produced by the decay of 55Fe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON diodes
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - Array
KW  - ASIC
KW  - Detector
KW  - Drift
KW  - Field
KW  - Hexagonal
KW  - Junction
KW  - SDD
KW  - Silicon
KW  - Spectrometer
KW  - Spiral
KW  - X-ray
N1  - Accession Number: 55379994; Rehak, Pavel 1 Carini, Gabriella 1 Chen, Wei 1; Email Address: weichen@bnl.gov De Geronimo, Gianluigi 1 Fried, Jack 1 Li, Zheng 1 Pinelli, Donald A. 1 Peter Siddons, D. 1 Vernon, Emerson 1 Gaskin, Jessica A. 2 Ramsey, Brian D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 624 Issue 2, p260; Subject Term: SILICON diodes; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Array; Author-Supplied Keyword: ASIC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hexagonal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Junction; Author-Supplied Keyword: SDD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spiral; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nima.2010.05.058
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZHENHONG YU
AU  - LISCINSKY, DAVID S.
AU  - WINSTEAD, EDWARD L.
AU  - TRUE, BRUCE S.
AU  - TIMKO, MICHAEL T.
AU  - BHARGAVA, ANUJ
AU  - HERNDON, SCOTT C.
AU  - MIAKE-LYE, RICHARD C.
AU  - ANDERSON, BRUCE E.
T1  - Characterization of Lubrication Oil Emissions from Aircraft Engines.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2010/12/15/
VL  - 44
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 9530
EP  - 9534
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - In this first ever study, particulate matter (PM) emitted from the lubrication system overboard breather vent for two different models of aircraft engines has been systematically characterized. Lubrication oil was confirmed as die predominant component of the emitted particulate matter based upon the characteristic mass spectrum of the pure oil. Total particulate mass and size distributions of the emitted oil are also investigated by several high-sensitivity aerosol characterization instruments. The emission index (EI) of lubrication oil at engine idle is in the range of 2-12 mg kg-1 and increases with engine power. The chemical composition of the oil droplets is essentially independent of engine thrust suggesting that engine oil does not undergo thermally driven chemical transformations during the ∼4 h test window. Volumetric mean diameter is around 250-350 nm for all engine power conditions with a slight power dependence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUBRICATION & lubricants
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - VOLUMETRIC analysis
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 57229834; ZHENHONG YU 1 LISCINSKY, DAVID S. 2 WINSTEAD, EDWARD L. 3 TRUE, BRUCE S. 2 TIMKO, MICHAEL T. 1 BHARGAVA, ANUJ 4 HERNDON, SCOTT C. 1 MIAKE-LYE, RICHARD C. 1 ANDERSON, BRUCE E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States.  2: United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, United States.  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States.  4: Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, United States.  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States.; Source Info: 12/15/2010, Vol. 44 Issue 24, p9530; Subject Term: LUBRICATION & lubricants; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: VOLUMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es102145z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57229834&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bing Lin
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Tai-Fang Fan
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Wenbo Sun
T1  - Radiation characteristics of low and high clouds in different oceanic regions observed by CERES and MODIS.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2010/12/20/
VL  - 31
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 6473
EP  - 6492
SN  - 01431161
AB  - Radiative properties measured by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua spacecraft are evaluated for the same types of clouds in selected areas. Individual measurements are analysed statistically to take advantage of both gridded and individual cloud characteristics. The seasonal variations of radiative fluxes for the same types of clouds from different areas are remarkably similar. Although cloud liquid water paths (LWPs) or ice water paths (IWPs) vary considerably for the same types of clouds, their statistical distributions are very stable for different periods and areas, suggesting that the regional differences in dynamics and thermodynamics primarily cause changes in the cloud frequency or coverage and only secondarily in the cloud macrophysical characteristics such as IWPs or LWPs. These results establish a systematic approach of observations for testing modelled cloud statistics and for improving cloud model parameterizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - OCEANIA -- Economic conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 56043532; Bing Lin 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov Minnis, Patrick 1 Tai-Fang Fan 2 Yongxiang Hu 1 Wenbo Sun 2; Affiliation:  1: Climate Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: SSAI, One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 12/20/2010, Vol. 31 Issue 24, p6473; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: OCEANIA -- Economic conditions; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 11 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160903548005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=56043532&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Quint, A. C.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Silvotti, R.
AU  - Baran, A. S.
AU  - Charpinet, S.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Telting, J.
AU  - Handler, G.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Koch, D. G.
T1  - First Kepler results on compact pulsators - II. KIC 010139564, a new pulsating subdwarf B (V361 Hya) star with an additional low-frequency mode.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/12/21/
VL  - 409
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1487
EP  - 1495
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the discovery of non-radial pulsations in a hot subdwarf B star based on 30.5 d of nearly continuous time series photometry using the Kepler spacecraft. KIC 010139564 is found to be a short-period pulsator of the V361 Hya (EC 14026) class with more than 10 independent pulsation modes whose periods range from 130 to 190 s. It also shows one periodicity at a period of 3165 s. If this periodicity is a high-order -mode, then this star may be the hottest member of the hybrid DW Lyn stars. In addition to the resolved pulsation frequencies, additional periodic variations in the light curve suggest that a significant number of additional pulsation frequencies may be present. The long duration of the run, the extremely high duty cycle and the well-behaved noise properties allow us to explore the stability of the periodic variations, and to place strong constraints on how many of them are independent stellar oscillation modes. We find that most of the identified periodicities are indeed stable in phase and amplitude, suggesting a rotation period of 2-3 weeks for this star, but further observations are needed to confirm this suspicion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - B stars
KW  - DISCOVERIES in science
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - PULSATING stars
N1  - Accession Number: 55594898; Kawaler, S. D. 1 Reed, M. D. 2 Quint, A. C. 2 Østensen, R. H. 3 Silvotti, R. 4 Baran, A. S. 1,5 Charpinet, S. 6 Bloemen, S. 3 Kurtz, D. W. 7 Telting, J. 8 Handler, G. 9 Kjeldsen, H. 10 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 10 Borucki, W. J. 11 Koch, D. G. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  2: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, 901 S. National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada dell'Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  5: Krakow Pedagogical University, ul. Podchora̧żych 2,30-084 Kraków, Poland  6: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France  7: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  8: Nordic Optical Telescope, 38700 Santa Cruze de La Palma, Spain  9: Institute für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Wien, Austria  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  11: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 409 Issue 4, p1487; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: B stars; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in science; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17528.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55594898&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Baran, A.
AU  - Telting, J. H.
AU  - Silvotti, R.
AU  - Charpinet, S.
AU  - Quint, A. C.
AU  - Handler, G.
AU  - Gilliland, R. L.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Koch, D. G.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
T1  - First Kepler results on compact pulsators - III. Subdwarf B stars with V1093 Her and hybrid (DW Lyn) type pulsations.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/12/21/
VL  - 409
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1496
EP  - 1508
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the discovery of non-radial pulsations in five hot subdwarf B (sdB) stars based on 27 d of nearly continuous time series photometry using the Kepler spacecraft. We find that every sdB star cooler than  K that Kepler has observed (seven so far) is a long-period pulsator of the V1093 Her (PG 1716) class or a hybrid star with both short and long periods. The apparently non-binary long-period and hybrid pulsators are described here. The V1093 Her periods range from 1 to 4.5 h and are associated with -mode pulsations. Three stars also exhibit short periods indicative of -modes with periods of 2-5 min and in addition, these stars exhibit periodicities between both classes from 15 to 45 min. We detect the coolest and longest-period V1093 Her-type pulsator to date, KIC010670103 ( K,  h) as well as a suspected hybrid pulsator, KIC002697388, which is extremely cool ( K) and for the first time hybrid pulsators which have larger -mode amplitudes than -mode ones. All of these pulsators are quite rich with many frequencies and we are able to apply asymptotic relationships to associate periodicities with modes for KIC010670103. Kepler data are particularly well suited for these studies as they are long duration, extremely high duty cycle observations with well-behaved noise properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - B stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 55594918; Reed, M. D. 1 Kawaler, S. D. 2 Østensen, R. H. 3 Bloemen, S. 3 Baran, A. 2,4 Telting, J. H. 5 Silvotti, R. 6 Charpinet, S. 7 Quint, A. C. 1 Handler, G. 8 Gilliland, R. L. 9 Borucki, W. J. 10 Koch, D. G. 10 Kjeldsen, H. 11 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, 901 S. National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: Krakow Pedagogical University, ul. Podchora̧żych 2,30-084 Kraków, Poland  5: Nordic Optical Telescope, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain  6: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada dell'Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  7: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France  8: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Wien, Austria  9: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  10: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Department of Physics, and Astronomy, Building 1520, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 409 Issue 4, p1496; Subject Term: B stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17423.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55594918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Quint, A. C.
AU  - Silvotti, R.
AU  - Baran, A. S.
AU  - Green, E. M.
AU  - Charpinet, S.
AU  - Telting, J.
AU  - Aerts, C.
AU  - Handler, G.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Koch, D. G.
T1  - First Kepler results on compact pulsators - V. Slowly pulsating subdwarf B stars in short-period binaries.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/12/21/
VL  - 409
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1509
EP  - 1517
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The survey phase of the Kepler Mission includes a number of hot subdwarf B (sdB) stars to search for non-radial pulsations. We present our analysis of two sdB stars that are found to be -mode pulsators of the V1093 Her class. These two stars also display the distinct irradiation effect typical of sdB stars with a close M-dwarf companion with orbital periods of less than half a day. Because the orbital period is so short, the stars should be in synchronous rotation, and if so, the rotation period should imprint itself on the multiplet structure of the pulsations. However, we do not find clear evidence for such rotational splitting. Though the stars do show some frequency spacings that are consistent with synchronous rotation, they also display multiplets with splittings that are much smaller. Longer-duration time series photometry will be needed to determine if those small splittings are in fact rotational splitting, or caused by slow amplitude or phase modulation. Further data should also improve the signal-to-noise ratio, perhaps revealing lower-amplitude periodicities that could confirm the expectation of synchronous rotation. The pulsation periods seen in these stars show period spacings that are suggestive of high-overtone -mode pulsations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - B stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - PHASE modulation
KW  - BINARY stars
N1  - Accession Number: 55594887; Kawaler, S. D. 1 Reed, M. D. 2 Østensen, R. H. 3 Bloemen, S. 3 Kurtz, D. W. 4 Quint, A. C. 2 Silvotti, R. 5 Baran, A. S. 1,6 Green, E. M. 7 Charpinet, S. 8 Telting, J. 9 Aerts, C. 3 Handler, G. 10 Kjeldsen, H. 11 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 11 Borucki, W. J. 12 Koch, D. G. 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  2: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, 901 S. National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  5: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada dell'Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  6: Krakow Pedagogical University, ul. Podchora̧żych 2,30-084 Kraków, Poland  7: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  8: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France  9: Nordic Optical Telescope, 38700 Santa Cruze de La Palma, Spain  10: Institute für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Wien, Austria  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  12: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 409 Issue 4, p1509; Subject Term: B stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: PHASE modulation; Subject Term: BINARY stars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17475.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benkő, J. M.
AU  - Kolenberg, K.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Bryson, S.
AU  - Bregman, J.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Smolec, R.
AU  - Nuspl, J.
AU  - Nemec, J. M.
AU  - Moskalik, P.
AU  - Kopacki, G.
AU  - Kolláth, Z.
AU  - Guggenberger, E.
AU  - Di Criscienzo, M.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Koch, D.
AU  - Jenkins, J. M.
T1  - Flavours of variability: 29 RR Lyrae stars observed with Kepler.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2010/12/21/
VL  - 409
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1585
EP  - 1593
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present our analysis of Kepler observations of 29 RR Lyrae stars, based on 138 d of observation. We report precise pulsation periods for all stars. Nine of these stars had incorrect or unknown periods in the literature. 14 of the stars exhibit both amplitude and phase Blazhko modulations, with Blazhko periods ranging from 27.7 to more than 200 d. For V445 Lyr, a longer secondary variation is also observed in addition to its 53.2-d Blazhko period. The unprecedented precision of the Kepler photometry has led to the discovery of the the smallest modulations detected so far. Moreover, additional frequencies beyond the well-known harmonics and Blazhko multiplets have been found. These frequencies are located around the half-integer multiples of the main pulsation frequency for at least three stars. In four stars, these frequencies are close to the first and/or second overtone modes. The amplitudes of these periodicities seem to vary over the Blazhko cycle. V350 Lyr, a non-Blazhko star in our sample, is the first example of a double-mode RR Lyrae star that pulsates in its fundamental and second overtone modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RR Lyrae stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - DISCOVERIES in science
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
N1  - Accession Number: 55594920; Benkő, J. M. 1 Kolenberg, K. 2 Szabó, R. 1 Kurtz, D. W. 3 Bryson, S. 4 Bregman, J. 4 Still, M. 4 Smolec, R. 2 Nuspl, J. 1 Nemec, J. M. 5 Moskalik, P. 6 Kopacki, G. 7 Kolláth, Z. 1 Guggenberger, E. 2 Di Criscienzo, M. 8 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 9 Kjeldsen, H. 9 Borucki, W. J. 4 Koch, D. 4 Jenkins, J. M. 10; Affiliation:  1: Konkoly Observatory, H-1525 Budapest, PO Box 67, Hungary  2: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  3: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Camosun College, Victoria, BC V8P 5J2, Canada  6: Copernicus Astronomical Centre, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland  7: Instytut Astronomiczny Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego, Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wrocław, Poland  8: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via Frascati 33, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 409 Issue 4, p1585; Subject Term: RR Lyrae stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in science; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17401.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
T1  - Generating an Atmosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2010/12/24/
VL  - 330
IS  - 6012
M3  - Article
SP  - 1755
EP  - 1756
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses research reported elsewhere in the issue by Teolis et al. on a diffuse atmosphere of carbon dioxide and oxygen that surrounds Rhea, an icy moon of Saturn. The underlying data reportedly were recorded using the Ion Neutral Mass Spectrometer housed in the Cassini spacecraft that passed Rhea in March 2010.
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry -- Research
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - RHEA (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERES
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 57405523; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: dale.p.cruikshank@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 12/24/2010, Vol. 330 Issue 6012, p1755; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry -- Research; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: RHEA (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1200473
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chatfield, Robert B.
AU  - Ren, Xinrong
AU  - Brune, William
AU  - Schwab, James
T1  - Controls on urban ozone production rate as indicated by formaldehyde oxidation rate and nitric oxide
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2010/12/28/
VL  - 44
IS  - 40
M3  - Article
SP  - 5395
EP  - 5406
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Several strong statistical relationships quantifying local ozone generation are found which use only easily measured variables: nitrogen oxides (NO x ), formaldehyde (HCHO), its photolysis (i.e., UV), and temperature (T). A parameterized regression developed for rural air was adapted to central Queens, New York City, i.e., considerable fresh emissions. Measurements of the radicals [HO2] and [OH] were available. These provided explicit reference estimates of the predominant terms for chemical ozone production, P o(O3)= k[HO2][NO], of the predominant chemical loss of nitrogen oxides, L(NO2)= k[OH][NO2], and also their ratio. (This is termed a production efficiency for O3.) Chemical modeling supports a robust extension from P o(O3) to total chemical production, P(O3). The two regression variables, [NO] and j HCHO⇒rads ×[HCHO], which best explain P o(O3), have low correlation, R ∼0.2 (variable, interacting urban plumelets?). In our analysis, R 2 for P o(O3) (and an estimate for its rate-determining [HO2]) was in the range 0.48–0.81. Signally, the method suggests a quantitative and very local application of descriptions of “VOC limitation” or “NO x limitation” to P(O3) and L(NO2), expressed as dimensionless sensitivity variables. Unexpected sources, transport, or chemistry may be highlighted using only HCHO, NO x , and UV radiation. More complex relationships are needed in a focused analysis of intermediate polluted situations, where timescales or individual sources may give trouble. Here, we find that T is informative, and cooperates with j ×[HCHO] in defining [HO2]. Sensitivities for radicals and NO for P o(O3) are similar ∼0.4, but sensitivities for radicals and NO2 for L(NO2) emphasize NO2. Remaining variability in the statistical estimates of P o(O3) and L(NO2) is modulated by incompletely understood, slowly varying gain factors. Understanding of these gain factors promises a better empirical indicator for P o(O3)/L(NO2). Complete 3-d simulations are not replaced, but this view helps separate sub-problems in the estimation of HO2 and P(O3). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - PHOTOCHEMICAL smog
KW  - NITROGEN oxides -- Environmental aspects
KW  - FORMALDEHYDE
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - NEW York (N.Y.)
KW  - Atmospheric chemical mechanisms
KW  - New York City
KW  - Ozone abatement
KW  - Smog
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 55477438; Chatfield, Robert B. 1; Email Address: robert.b.chatfield@nasa.gov Ren, Xinrong 2 Brune, William 3 Schwab, James 4; Affiliation:  1: Earth Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmos. Science, Univ. of Miami, Miami, FL 33149, USA  3: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  4: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12203, USA; Source Info: Dec2010, Vol. 44 Issue 40, p5395; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMICAL smog; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: FORMALDEHYDE; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: NEW York (N.Y.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric chemical mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: New York City; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone abatement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric ozone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.08.056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Valeev, Edward F.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Comparison of one-particle basis set extrapolation to explicitly correlated methods for the calculation of accurate quartic force fields, vibrational frequencies, and spectroscopic constants: Application to H2O, N2H+, NO2+, and C2H2.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2010/12/28/
VL  - 133
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 244108
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - One-particle basis set extrapolation is compared with one of the new R12 methods for computing highly accurate quartic force fields (QFFs) and spectroscopic data, including molecular structures, rotational constants, and vibrational frequencies for the H2O, N2H+, NO2+, and C2H2 molecules. In general, agreement between the spectroscopic data computed from the best R12 and basis set extrapolation methods is very good with the exception of a few parameters for N2H+ where it is concluded that basis set extrapolation is still preferred. The differences for H2O and NO2+ are small and it is concluded that the QFFs from both approaches are more or less equivalent in accuracy. For C2H2, however, a known one-particle basis set deficiency for C-C multiple bonds significantly degrades the quality of results obtained from basis set extrapolation and in this case the R12 approach is clearly preferred over one-particle basis set extrapolation. The R12 approach used in the present study was modified in order to obtain high precision electronic energies, which are needed when computing a QFF. We also investigated including core-correlation explicitly in the R12 calculations, but conclude that current approaches are lacking. Hence core-correlation is computed as a correction using conventional methods. Considering the results for all four molecules, it is concluded that R12 methods will soon replace basis set extrapolation approaches for high accuracy electronic structure applications such as computing QFFs and spectroscopic data for comparison to high-resolution laboratory or astronomical observations, provided one uses a robust R12 method as we have done here. The specific R12 method used in the present study, CCSD(T)R12, incorporated a reformulation of one intermediate matrix in order to attain machine precision in the electronic energies. Final QFFs for N2H+ and NO2+ were computed, including basis set extrapolation, core-correlation, scalar relativity, and higher-order correlation and then used to compute highly accurate spectroscopic data for all isotopologues. Agreement with high-resolution experiment for 14N2H+ and 14N2D+ was excellent, but for 14N16O2+ agreement for the two stretching fundamentals is outside the expected residual uncertainty in the theoretical values, and it is concluded that there is an error in the experimental quantities. It is hoped that the highly accurate spectroscopic data presented for the minor isotopologues of N2H+ and NO2+ will be useful in the interpretation of future laboratory or astronomical observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 56912440; Huang, Xinchuan 1 Valeev, Edward F. 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  2: Department of Chemistry, 107 Davidson Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061,  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Source Info: 12/28/2010, Vol. 133 Issue 24, p244108; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3506341
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dyke, G.
AU  - Gill, S.
AU  - Davies, R.
AU  - Betorz, F.
AU  - Andalsvik, Y.
AU  - Cackler, J.
AU  - Dos Santos, W.
AU  - Dunlop, K.
AU  - Ferreira, I.
AU  - Kebe, F.
AU  - Lamboglia, E.
AU  - Matsubara, Y.
AU  - Nikolaidis, V.
AU  - Ostoja-Starzewski, S.
AU  - Sakita, M.
AU  - Verstappen, N.
T1  - Dream project: Applications of earth observations to disaster risk management
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 68
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 315
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The field of disaster risk management is relatively new and takes a structured approach to managing uncertainty related to the threat of natural and man-made disasters. Disaster risk management consists primarily of risk assessment and the development of strategies to mitigate disaster risk. This paper will discuss how increasing both Earth observation data and information technology capabilities can contribute to disaster risk management, particularly in Belize. The paper presents the results and recommendations of a project conducted by an international and interdisciplinary team of experts at the 2009 session of the International Space University in NASA Ames Research Center (California, USA). The aim is to explore the combination of current, planned and potential space-aided, airborne, and ground-based Earth observation tools, the emergence of powerful new web-based and mobile data management tools, and how this combination can support and improve the emerging field of disaster risk management. The starting point of the project was the World Bank’s Comprehensive Approach to Probabilistic Risk Assessment (CAPRA) program, focused in Central America. This program was used as a test bed to analyze current space technologies used in risk management and develop new strategies and tools to be applied in other regions around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - EMERGENCY management
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - EARTH sciences -- Remote sensing
KW  - RISK management in business
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - CAPRA
KW  - Disaster risk management
KW  - Disasters
KW  - Earth observation
KW  - International space university
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Space studies program
KW  - World Bank
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 54482304; Dyke, G. 1; Email Address: george@georgedyke.com Gill, S. 2; Email Address: sgill@worldbank.org Davies, R. 3; Email Address: davies@westerndisastercenter.org Betorz, F. 4 Andalsvik, Y. 4 Cackler, J. 4 Dos Santos, W. 4 Dunlop, K. 4 Ferreira, I. 4 Kebe, F. 4 Lamboglia, E. 4 Matsubara, Y. 4 Nikolaidis, V. 4 Ostoja-Starzewski, S. 4 Sakita, M. 4 Verstappen, N. 4; Affiliation:  1: Symbios Communications, Australia  2: The World Bank, Washington DC, USA  3: Western Disaster Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA  4: International Space University, SSP09, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 68 Issue 1/2, p301; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: EMERGENCY management; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: EARTH sciences -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: RISK management in business; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAPRA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disaster risk management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disasters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth observation; Author-Supplied Keyword: International space university; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space studies program; Author-Supplied Keyword: World Bank; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911290 Other federal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912190 Other provincial protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913190 Other municipal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.06.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wal, Randy L. Vander
AU  - Street Jr., Kenneth W.
AU  - Miyoshi, Kazuhisa
T1  - Transfer Layers: A Comparison across SWNTs, DWNTs, Graphite, and an Ionic Fluid.
JO  - Advances in Tribology
JF  - Advances in Tribology
Y1  - 2011/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 16875915
AB  - Lubrication is the science of friction at moving interfaces. Nanomaterials acting as interfacial modifiers can minimize friction and thereby improve energy efficiency. To test this hypothesis, single- (SWNT) and double-walled (DWNT) carbon nanotubes and an ionic fluid are tested individually and compared to SWNTs and graphite as additives within the ionic fluid. The minimum coefficient of friction is correlated with the longest lifetime using a ball-on-disc tribometer, in air, at atmospheric pressure. Results are interpreted in terms of the nanotubes' mechanical properties and the formation of transfer layers upon the tribosurfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Tribology is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - LUBRICATION & lubricants
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - IONIC liquids
KW  - DOUBLE walled carbon nanotubes
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 71099081; Wal, Randy L. Vander 1; Email Address: ruv12@psu.edu Street Jr., Kenneth W. 2 Miyoshi, Kazuhisa 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and The EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: The Tribology and Mechanical Components Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2011, p1; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: LUBRICATION & lubricants; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: IONIC liquids; Subject Term: DOUBLE walled carbon nanotubes; Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2011/929642
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71099081&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, S.
AU  - Loth, E.
AU  - Georgiadis, N. J.
AU  - DeBonis, J. R.
T1  - Effect of Mach Number on Flow Past Microramps.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 110
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Micro vortex generators have the ability to alter the near-wall structure of compressible turbulent boundary layers to provide increased mixing of high-speed fluid, such that the boundary layer remains healthy even with some disturbance imparted to the flow. Because of their small size, micro vortex generators are embedded in the boundary layer and may provide reduced drag when compared with traditional vortex generators. To examine their potential, a detailed computational study was undertaken of microramps with a height of h ~ 0.5σ in a supersonic boundary layer at M = 1.4, 2.2, and 3.0. The large eddy simulation results indicate that microramps have a greater impact at lower Mach number near the device, but this influence decays faster than at the higher Mach numbers. This may be due to the additional dissipation caused by the primary vortices with smaller effective diameter at the lower Mach number, such that their coherency is easily lost, causing the streamwise vorticity and the turbulent kinetic energy to decay quickly. The normal distance between the vortex core and the wall had similar growth, indicating weak correlation with the Mach number; however, the spanwise distance between the two counter-rotating cores further increases with lower Mach number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - VORTEX generators
N1  - Accession Number: 57456119; Lee, S. 1 Loth, E. 1 Georgiadis, N. J. 2 DeBonis, J. R. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of lllinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p97; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Blinzler, Brina J.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Investigation of a Macromechanical Approach to Analyzing Triaxially-Braided Polymer Composites.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 215
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A macro-level finite element-based model has been developed to simulate the mechanical and impact response of triaxially-braided polymer matrix composites. In the analytical model, the triaxial-braid architecture is simulated by using four parallel shell elements, each of which is modeled as a laminated composite. The commercial transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA is used to conduct the simulations, and a continuum damage mechanics model internal to LS-DYNA is used as the material constitutive model. The material stiffness and strength values required for the constitutive model are determined based on coupon-level tests on the braided composite. Simulations of quasi-static coupon tests of a representative braided composite are conducted. Varying the strength values that are input to the material model is found to have a significant influence on the effective material response predicted by the finite element analysis, ,sometimes in ways that at first glance appear nonintuitive. A parametric study involving the input strength parameters provides guidance on how the analysis model can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 57456129; Goldberg, Robert K. 1 Blinzler, Brina J. 2 Binienda, Wieslaw K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p205; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 23 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050675
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57456129&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A. E.
AU  - Veltin, Jérémy
T1  - Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Flow Properties of Supersonic Helium--Air Jets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 235
EP  - 246
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Heated high-speed subsonic and supersonic jets operating on- or off-design are a source of noise that is not yet fully understood. Helium-air mixtures can be used to simulate the total temperature ratio of heated jets and hence have the potential to provide inexpensive and reliable flow and acoustic measurements. Accurate knowledge of the mean flow is a crucial initial step for a complete understanding of the noise generation mechanisms. This study focuses on providing close comparisons between measured mean flow properties of helium-air mixture jets and results from simulations of similar mixed jets as well as heated air jets. Axisymmetric supersonic jets issuing from convergent and convergent-divergent nozzles are investigated, and the results show good agreement with heated air jet measurements. The flow properties are examined in detail to demonstrate the validity of simulating heat with the addition of helium. Excellent agreement is obtained in the presented data between the numerical predictions and the experiments, further justifying the helium addition methodology, as well as validating the frozen chemistry model used in the numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - AIR jets
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - AIRPLANE sounds
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 57456131; Miller, Steven A. E. 1; Email Address: s.miller@nasa.gov Veltin, Jérémy 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p235; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: AIR jets; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: AIRPLANE sounds; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 512290 Other Sound Recording Industries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050720
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SimonWedlund, C.
AU  - Gronoff, G.
AU  - Lilensten, J.
AU  - H. Ménager
AU  - Barthélemy, M.
T1  - Comprehensive calculation of the energy per ion pair or W values for five major planetary upper atmospheres.
JO  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
JF  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 187
EP  - 195
SN  - 09927689
AB  - The mean energy W expended in a collision of electrons with atmospheric gases is a useful parameter for fast aeronomy computations. Computing this parameter in transport kinetic models with experimental values can tell us more about the number of processes that have to be taken into account and the uncertainties of the models. We present here computations for several atmospheric gases of planetological interest (CO2, CO, N2, O2, O, CH4, H, He) using a family of multi-stream kinetic transport codes. Results for complete atmospheres for Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter and Titan are also shown for the first time. A simple method is derived to calculate W of gas mixtures from single-component gases and is conclusively checked against the W values of these planetary atmospheres. Discrepancies between experimental and theoretical values show where improvements can be made in the measurement of excitation and dissociation cross-sections of specific neutral species, such as CO2 and CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annales Geophysicae (09927689) is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Ionospheres
KW  - SPACE plasmas
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ionization
KW  - UPPER atmosphere -- Observations
KW  - PLANETS -- Magnetospheres
KW  - Ionosphere (Planetary ionospheres)
KW  - Space plasma physics (Ionization processes
KW  - Transport processes)
N1  - Accession Number: 70105495; SimonWedlund, C. 1; Email Address: cyril.simon@aeronomie.be Gronoff, G. 2 Lilensten, J. 3 H. Ménager 3 Barthélemy, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, IPAG, Grenoble, France; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p187; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Ionospheres; Subject Term: SPACE plasmas; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ionization; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere -- Observations; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Magnetospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere (Planetary ionospheres); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space plasma physics (Ionization processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport processes); Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/angeo-29-187-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SCHNEIDER, VIVIAN I.
AU  - HEALY, ALICE F.
AU  - BARSHI, IMMANUEL
AU  - KOLE, JAMES A.
T1  - Following navigation instructions presented verbally or spatially: Effects on training, retention and transfer.
JO  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
JF  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
Y1  - 2011/01//Jan/Feb2011
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 67
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 08884080
AB  - Two experiments investigated participants' ability to follow navigation instructions in a situation simulating communication between air traffic controllers and aircrews. A verbal condition, in which instructions were given orally, was compared with a spatial condition, in which commands were shown on a computer display as simulated movements, with the presentation times in the two conditions equated. Retention and transfer were studied a week later when participants performed in either the same or the other condition. In both sessions, participants' initial proportion correct was much higher in the spatial than in the verbal condition, but after three blocks, accuracy in the two conditions was equivalent. Retention was perfect when training and test conditions matched. Training in the verbal condition transferred to the spatial condition but not vice versa. Thus, there is evidence that participants' representations of the movements in the verbal and spatial conditions were not equivalent. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Cognitive Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - VERBAL conditioning
KW  - CONDITIONED response
KW  - SPACE & time
N1  - Accession Number: 57240536; SCHNEIDER, VIVIAN I. 1; Email Address: vivian.schneider@colorado.edu HEALY, ALICE F. 1 BARSHI, IMMANUEL 2 KOLE, JAMES A. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado, Boulder , USA  2: NASA, Ames Research Center , USA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: VERBAL conditioning; Subject Term: CONDITIONED response; Subject Term: SPACE & time; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/acp.1642
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57240536&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kleb, M. M.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Flocke, F. M.
AU  - Brown, C. C.
T1  - An overview of measurement comparisons from the INTEX-B/MILAGRO airborne field campaign.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 27
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article provides an overview of 140 intercomparisons of collected data and record of measurement consistency presented during the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment-B (INTEX-B) airborne field campaign in North America. It mentions its aim towards the investigation on pollution transport and transformation over the continent. It also notes its coordination with the Mega-city Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) program.
KW  - AIR pollution -- Research
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - INVESTIGATIONS
KW  - NORTH America
N1  - Accession Number: 70104582; Kleb, M. M. 1; Email Address: mary.m.kleb@nasa.gov Chen, G. 1 Crawford, J. H. 1 Flocke, F. M. 2 Brown, C. C. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p9; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Research; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: INVESTIGATIONS; Subject Term: NORTH America; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 19 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-4-9-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70104582&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornbrook, R. S.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Edwards, G. D.
AU  - Goyea, O.
AU  - Mauldin III, R. L.
AU  - Olson, J. S.
AU  - Cantrell, C. A.
T1  - Measurements of tropospheric HO2 and RO2 by oxygen dilution modulation and chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 442
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study which focuses on the development of a method for the measurement of hydroperoxy (HO2) and organic peroxy radicals (RO2). The method combines the process of oxygen dilution modulation and chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) peroxy radical measurement techniques. A comparison of the peroxy radical measurements with the photochemical box model is highlighted.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - RADICALS
KW  - CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 67515961; Hornbrook, R. S. 1; Email Address: rsh@ucar.edu Crawford, J. H. 2 Edwards, G. D. 1 Goyea, O. 1 Mauldin III, R. L. 1,3 Olson, J. S. 2 Cantrell, C. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p385; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: RADICALS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Number of Pages: 58p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-4-385-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67515961&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - John, Reji
AU  - Zawada, Larry
AU  - Brewer, David
AU  - Ojard, Greg
AU  - Calomino, Anthony
T1  - Creep in vacuum of woven Sylramic-iBN melt-infiltrated composites
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 52
EP  - 59
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: In order to better understand the effect of stressed-oxidation, the performance of woven Sylramic-iBN fiber-reinforced slurry cast melt-infiltrated (MI) composites were tested in creep and fatigue under non-oxidizing conditions. Initially creep and fatigue tests were performed at 1204°C in an argon atmosphere; however, it was observed that sufficient oxidizing species existed in the environment to degrade the composites in a manner similar to air environments. Therefore, creep and fatigue tests were performed at 1204°C in a vacuum environment which showed no evidence of oxidation and superior properties to composites subjected to stressed-oxidation conditions. The mechanical results and microscopy of the vacuum and argon are compared to the behavior of these composites tested in air. It was found that the stress-rupture properties of the vacuum-tested composites could be predicted from single fiber creep rupture data assuming reasonable values for the Weibull modulus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - STRETCH woven textiles
KW  - VACUUM metallurgy
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
KW  - A. Ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs)
KW  - B. Environmental degradation
KW  - B. Thermomechanical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 55502238; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: gm33@uakron.edu John, Reji 2 Zawada, Larry 2 Brewer, David 3 Ojard, Greg 4 Calomino, Anthony 5; Affiliation:  1: The University of Akron, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Akron, OH, United States  2: Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXL, Wright–Patterson AFB, OH, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, VA, United States  4: Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT, United States  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p52; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Subject Term: STRETCH woven textiles; Subject Term: VACUUM metallurgy; Subject Term: OXIDATIVE stress; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: WEIBULL distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Environmental degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Thermomechanical properties; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.10.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sgambitterra, G.
AU  - Adumitroaie, A.
AU  - Barbero, E.J.
AU  - Tessler, A.
T1  - A robust three-node shell element for laminated composites with matrix damage
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 42
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 50
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: A constitutive model for laminated composite shells with transverse matrix damage and its associated shell constitutive equations in three-dimensional space are developed. A single, physically relevant state variable is used in each lamina to track the state of transverse damage. The state variable also defines a physically relevant, solution dependent, characteristic length for the problem. Therefore, the constitutive model does not introduce constitutive mesh dependency on the solution. The model predicts crack initiation and evolution in good agreement with published experimental results for several materials and many different laminate stacking sequences. Input material parameters are limited to elastic properties and fracture toughness in modes I and II. Unlike continuum damage mechanics models, no adjustable parameters are needed to describe the initiation and evolution of damage. That is, the material parameters needed for the analysis are limited to invariant material properties that can be measured with standard test methods. The excellent predictive capabilities of the model and its versatility of application to a variety of materials and laminate configurations hinges upon computation of energy release rate for the entire laminate as a results of cracks propagating in any one lamina. Such computation requires knowledge about the state variables in all laminae when computing damage evolution in any one lamina, which in turn requires implementation of the constitutive equations directly into the element formulation. Therefore, the constitutive model is integrated into a shell element based on 1,2-order shell theory, and further implemented as a user element into commercial finite element analysis software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - CONTINUUM damage mechanics
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - B. Transverse cracking
KW  - C. Damage mechanics
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
N1  - Accession Number: 55392259; Sgambitterra, G. 1; Email Address: gsgambitterra@libero.it Adumitroaie, A. 2 Barbero, E.J. 2 Tessler, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Structural Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende (CS) 87036, Italy  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University 6106, USA, 26506-6106  3: NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23669, USA, (757) 864-1000; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 42 Issue 1, p41; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: CONTINUUM damage mechanics; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Transverse cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2010.09.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, A.P.
AU  - Knysh, S.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V.N.
T1  - The complexity of the Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm
JO  - Computer Physics Communications
JF  - Computer Physics Communications
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 182
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 28
SN  - 00104655
AB  - Abstract: The Quantum Adiabatic Algorithm has been proposed as a general purpose algorithm for solving hard optimization problems on a quantum computer. Early work on very small sizes indicated that the running time (complexity) only increased as a (quite small) power of the problem size N. We report results of Quantum Monte Carlo simulations, using parallel tempering, with which we determine the minimum energy gap (and hence get information the complexity) for much bigger sizes than was possible before. The aim is to see if there is a “crossover” to exponential complexity at large N. We present data for the typical (median) complexity as a function of N, which indicate a crossover to a first order transition at large sizes. This implies that the complexity is exponential at large N, at least for the problem studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Physics Communications is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - QUANTUM computers
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Complexity
KW  - Quantum
N1  - Accession Number: 55058529; Young, A.P. 1; Email Address: peter@physics.ucsc.edu Knysh, S. 2 Smelyanskiy, V.N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Physics Dept., University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 229, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 182 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: QUANTUM computers; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Complexity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cpc.2010.06.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55058529&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boersma, C.
AU  - Allamandola, L. J.
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., C. W.
AU  - Ricca, A.
AU  - Cami, J.
AU  - Peeters, E.
AU  - de Armas, F. Sánchez
AU  - Saborido, G. Puerta
AU  - Mattioda, A. L.
AU  - Hudgins, D. M.
T1  - THE NASA AMES PAH IR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE AND THE FAR-IR.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 109
EP  - 115
SN  - 16334760
AB  - Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread across the Universe and influence many stages of the Galactic lifecycle. The presence of PAHs has been well established and the rich mid-IR PAH spectrum is now commonly used as a probe into (inter)stellar environments. The NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database has been key to test and refine the "PAH hypothesis". This database is a large coherent set (>600 spectra) of laboratory measured and DFT computed infrared spectra of PAHs from C10H8 to C130H28 and has been made available on the web at (http://www.astrochem.org/pahdb). With a new spectral window opening up; the far-IR, the study of PAH far-IR spectra and the quest for identifying a unique member of the interstellar PAH family has begun. To guide this research, the far-IR (>20 pm) spectra of different sets of PAHs are investigated using the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database. These sets explore the influence of size, shape, charge and composition on the far-IR PAH spectrum. The far-IR is also the domain of the so-called "drumhead" modes and other molecular vibrations involving low order bending vibrations of the carbon skeleton as a whole. As with drums, these are molecule and shape specific and promise to be a key diagnostic for specific PAHs. Here, the sensitivity of these "drumhead" modes to size and shape is assessed by comparing the frequencies of the lowest drumhead modes of a family of circular shaped (the coronene "family") and rhombus shaped (the pyrene "family") PAH molecules. From this study, some consequences for an observing strategy are drawn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - MOLECULAR vibration
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 102442930; Boersma, C. 1; Email Address: Christiaan.Boersma@nasa.gov Allamandola, L. J. 1 Bauschlicher Jr., C. W. 2 Ricca, A. 2 Cami, J. 3 Peeters, E. 3 de Armas, F. Sánchez 4 Saborido, G. Puerta 4 Mattioda, A. L. 1 Hudgins, D. M. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, PAB 213, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  4: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Headquarters, MS 3Y28, 300 E St. SW, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 46, p109; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: MOLECULAR vibration; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1146011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rho, J.
AU  - Andersen, M.
AU  - Tappe, A.
AU  - Reach, W. T.
AU  - Bernard, J. P.
AU  - Hewitt, J.
T1  - PAH AND DUST PROCESSING IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 175
SN  - 16334760
AB  - I present observations of shock-processed PAHs and dust in supernova remnants (SNRs). Supernova shocks are one of the primary sites destroying, fragmenting and altering interstellar PAHs and dust. Studies of PAHs through supernova shocks had been limited because of confusion with PAHs in background emission. Spitzer observations with high sensitivity and resolution allow us to separate PAHs associated with the SNRs and unrelated, Galactic PAHs. In the young SNR N132D, PAH features are detected with a higher PAH ratio of 15-20/7.7 µm than those of other astronomical objects, and we suggest large PAHs have survived behind the shock. We present the spectra of additional 14 SNRs observed with Spitzer IRS and MIPS SED covering the range of 5-90 µm. Bright PAH features from 6.2 to 15-20 µm are detected from many of SNRs which emit molecular hydrogen lines, indicating that both large and small PAHs survive in low velocity shocks. We observe a strong correlation between PAH detection and carbonaceous small grains, while a few SNRs with dominant silicate dust lack PAH features. We characterize PAHs depending on the shock velocity, preshock density and temperature of hot gas, and discuss PAH and dust processing in shocks and implication of PAH and dust cycles in ISM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIR pollutants
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 102442936; Rho, J. 1; Email Address: jrho@sofia.usra.edu Andersen, M. 2 Tappe, A. 3 Reach, W. T. 1 Bernard, J. P. 4 Hewitt, J. 5; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Mission Operations/USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Research & Scientific Support Department, European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MS 83, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, BP. 4346, 31028 Toulouse, France  5: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 46, p169; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIR pollutants; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: SILICATES; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1146018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102442936&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Contreras, C. S.
AU  - Ricketts, C. L.
AU  - Salama, F.
T1  - FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF CIRCUMSTELLAR AND INTERSTELLAR PAHS: A LABORATORY STUDY.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 207
SN  - 16334760
AB  - Studies of dust analogs formed from hydrocarbon (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6) and PAH precursors have been performed using a new facility that we have developed to simulate interstellar and circumstellar processes. The species formed in a plasma are detected, characterized and monitored in situ with high-sensitivity techniques, which provide both spectroscopic and ion mass information. From these measurements we derive information on the nature, the size and the structure of dust particles, as well as a better understanding of the growth and destruction processes of extraterrestrial dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS -- Formation
N1  - Accession Number: 102442939; Contreras, C. S. 1 Ricketts, C. L. 1 Salama, F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 46, p201; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1146021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102442939&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bouwman, J.
AU  - Cuppen, H. M.
AU  - Allamandola, L. J.
AU  - Linnartz, H.
T1  - VUV PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PAHS TRAPPED IN INTERSTELLAR WATER ICE.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 256
SN  - 16334760
AB  - The mid-infrared emission of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons is found in many phases of the interstellar medium. Towards cold dense clouds, however, the emission is heavily quenched. In these regions molecules are found to efficiently freeze-out on interstellar grains forming thin layers of ices. PAHs are highly non-volatile molecules and are also expected to freeze-out. PAHs trapped in interstellar ices are likely to participate in the overall chemistry, leading to the formation of cations and complex molecules in the solid-state. The work presented here aims to experimentally study the chemical reactions that PAHs undergo upon vacuum ultraviolet irradiation when trapped in interstellar H2O ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - COSMIC grains
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 102442945; Bouwman, J. 1 Cuppen, H. M. 1 Allamandola, L. J. 2 Linnartz, H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 46, p251; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: COSMIC grains; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1146027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102442945&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allamandola, L. J.
T1  - PAHS AND ASTROBIOLOGY.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 305
EP  - 317
SN  - 16334760
AB  - In dense molecular clouds, the birthplace of stars and planets, interstellar atoms and molecules freeze onto extremely cold dust and ice particles. These ices are processed by ultraviolet light and cosmic rays forming hundreds of far more complex species, some of astro-biological interest. Eventually, these rain down on primordial planets where they take part in the young chemistry on these new worlds. Although the IR spectroscopy and energetic processing of interstellar ice analogs have been studied for nearly 30 years, similar studies of PAH containing ices have only just begun. This paper presents recent results from laboratory studies on the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photochemistry of PAHs in water ice at low temperatures to assess the roles they play in the photochemical evolution of interstellar ices and their relevance to astrobiology. A number of "surprises" were found in these studies on PAH containing water-rich ices, indicating that PAHs likely play very important, unexpected roles in cosmic ice chemistry, physics and astrobiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 102442950; Allamandola, L. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 46, p305; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1146032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102442950&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
T1  - Cyanobacteria and chloroflexi-dominated hypolithic colonization of quartz at the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert, Chile.
JO  - Extremophiles
JF  - Extremophiles
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
SN  - 14310651
AB  - Quartz stones are ubiquitous in deserts and are a substrate for hypoliths, microbial colonists of the underside of such stones. These hypoliths thrive where extreme temperature and moisture stress limit the occurrence of higher plant and animal life. Several studies have reported the occurrence of green hypolithic colonization dominated by cyanobacteria. Here, we describe a novel red hypolithic colonization from Yungay, at the hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert in Chile. Comparative analysis of green and red hypoliths from this site revealed markedly different microbial community structure as revealed by 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Green hypoliths were dominated by cyanobacteria ( Chroococcidiopsis and Nostocales phylotypes), whilst the red hypolith was dominated by a taxonomically diverse group of chloroflexi. Heterotrophic phylotypes common to all hypoliths were affiliated largely to desiccation-tolerant taxa within the Actinobacteria and Deinococci. Alphaproteobacterial phylotypes that affiliated with nitrogen-fixing taxa were unique to green hypoliths, whilst Gemmatimonadetes phylotypes occurred only on red hypolithon. Other heterotrophic phyla recovered with very low frequency were assumed to represent functionally relatively unimportant taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Extremophiles is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - QUARTZ
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - HETEROTROPHIC bacteria
KW  - ATACAMA (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - ANCASH (Peru)
KW  - PERU
KW  - Atacama
KW  - Chloroflexi
KW  - Chroococcidiopsis
KW  - Desert
KW  - Hyper-arid
KW  - Hypolith
N1  - Accession Number: 57190512; Lacap, Donnabella C. 1 Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 2 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Email Address: pointing@hku.hk; Affiliation:  1: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: QUARTZ; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: HETEROTROPHIC bacteria; Subject Term: ATACAMA (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Subject Term: ANCASH (Peru); Subject Term: PERU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chloroflexi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chroococcidiopsis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyper-arid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypolith; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00792-010-0334-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WIERZCHOS, J.
AU  - CÁMARA, B.
AU  - DE LOS RÍOS, A.
AU  - DAVILA, A. F.
AU  - ALMAZO, I. M. SÁNCHEZ
AU  - ARTIEDA, O.
AU  - WIERZCHOS, K.
AU  - GÓMEZ-SILVA, B.
AU  - MCKAY, C.
AU  - ASCASO, C.
T1  - Microbial colonization of Ca-sulfate crusts in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert: implications for the search for life on Mars.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 60
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - The scarcity of liquid water in the hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert makes this region one of the most challenging environments for life on Earth. The low numbers of microbial cells in the soils suggest that within the Atacama Desert lies the dry limit for life on our planet. Here, we show that the Ca-sulfate crusts of this hyperarid core are the habitats of lithobiontic micro-organisms. This microporous, translucent substrate is colonized by epilithic lichens, as well as endolithic free-living algae, fungal hyphae, cyanobacteria and non photosynthetic bacteria. We also report a novel type of endolithic community, 'hypoendoliths', colonizing the undermost layer of the crusts. The colonization of gypsum crusts within the hyperarid core appears to be controlled by the moisture regime. Our data shows that the threshold for colonization is crossed within the dry core, with abundant colonization in gypsum crusts at one study site, while crusts at a drier site are virtually devoid of life. We show that the cumulative time in 1 year of relative humidity (RH) above 60% is the best parameter to explain the difference in colonization between both sites. This is supported by controlled humidity experiments, where we show that colonies of endolithic cyanobacteria in the Ca-sulfate crust undergo imbibition process at RH >60%. Assuming that life once arose on Mars, it is conceivable that Martian micro-organisms sought refuge in similar isolated evaporite microenvironments during their last struggle for life as their planet turned arid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALCIUM sulfate
KW  - DESERTS
KW  - GYPSUM
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
N1  - Accession Number: 55773704; WIERZCHOS, J. 1; Email Address: j.wierzchos@ccma.csic.es CÁMARA, B. 1 DE LOS RÍOS, A. 1 DAVILA, A. F. 2 ALMAZO, I. M. SÁNCHEZ 3 ARTIEDA, O. 4 WIERZCHOS, K. 5 GÓMEZ-SILVA, B. 6 MCKAY, C. 7 ASCASO, C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Ecologia de Sistemas, Instituto de Recursos Naturales, CCMA, CSIC, Madrid, Spain  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA  3: Universidad de Granada, CEAMA, Granada, Spain  4: Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Ecología y Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Extremadura, Plasencia, Spain  5: Facultad de Física, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain  6: Unidad Bioquímica, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Planetary and Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p44; Subject Term: CALCIUM sulfate; Subject Term: DESERTS; Subject Term: GYPSUM; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212395 Gypsum mining; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 5 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2010.00254.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giri, C.
AU  - Ochieng, E.
AU  - Tieszen, L. L.
AU  - Zhu, Z.
AU  - Singh, A.
AU  - Loveland, T.
AU  - Masek, J.
AU  - Duke, N.
T1  - Status and distribution of mangrove forests of the world using earth observation satellite data.
JO  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
JF  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 159
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 1466822X
AB  - Our scientific understanding of the extent and distribution of mangrove forests of the world is inadequate. The available global mangrove databases, compiled using disparate geospatial data sources and national statistics, need to be improved. Here, we mapped the status and distributions of global mangroves using recently available Global Land Survey (GLS) data and the Landsat archive. We interpreted approximately 1000 Landsat scenes using hybrid supervised and unsupervised digital image classification techniques. Each image was normalized for variation in solar angle and earth-sun distance by converting the digital number values to the top-of-the-atmosphere reflectance. Ground truth data and existing maps and databases were used to select training samples and also for iterative labelling. Results were validated using existing GIS data and the published literature to map 'true mangroves'. The total area of mangroves in the year 2000 was 137,760 km in 118 countries and territories in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Approximately 75% of world's mangroves are found in just 15 countries, and only 6.9% are protected under the existing protected areas network (IUCN I-IV). Our study confirms earlier findings that the biogeographic distribution of mangroves is generally confined to the tropical and subtropical regions and the largest percentage of mangroves is found between 5° N and 5° S latitude. We report that the remaining area of mangrove forest in the world is less than previously thought. Our estimate is 12.3% smaller than the most recent estimate by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. We present the most comprehensive, globally consistent and highest resolution (30 m) global mangrove database ever created. We developed and used better mapping techniques and data sources and mapped mangroves with better spatial and thematic details than previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Ecology & Biogeography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANGROVE plants
KW  - GEOLOGICAL surveys
KW  - MANGROVE forests
KW  - GEOGRAPHICAL positions
KW  - GEOSPATIAL data
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
N1  - Accession Number: 55677230; Giri, C. 1 Ochieng, E. 2 Tieszen, L. L. 3 Zhu, Z. 4 Singh, A. 5 Loveland, T. 3 Masek, J. 6 Duke, N. 7; Affiliation:  1: ARSC Research and Technology Solutions, contractor to US Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA  2: United Nations Environment Programme, United Nations Avenue, Gigiri, PO Box 30552, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya  3: US Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA  4: US Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA  5: United Nations Environment Programme, Washington, DC 20006, USA  6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  7: Centre for Marine Studies, Marine Botany Group, c/- Gehrmann Building (60), Level 8, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p154; Subject Term: MANGROVE plants; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL surveys; Subject Term: MANGROVE forests; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHICAL positions; Subject Term: GEOSPATIAL data; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1466-8238.2010.00584.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korycansky, D.G.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - Titan impacts and escape
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 211
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 707
EP  - 721
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We report on hydrodynamic calculations of impacts of large (multi-kilometer) objects on Saturn’s moon Titan. We assess escape from Titan, and evaluate the hypothesis that escaping ejecta blackened the leading hemisphere of Iapetus and peppered the surface of Hyperion. We carried out two- and three-dimensional simulations of impactors ranging in size from 4 to 100km diameter, impact velocities between 7 and 15kms−1, and impact angles from 0° to 75° from the vertical. We used the ZEUSMP2 hydrocode for the calculations. Simulations were made using three different geometries: three-dimensional Cartesian, two-dimensional axisymmetric spherical polar, and two-dimensional plane polar. Three-dimensional Cartesian geometry calculations were carried out over a limited domain (e.g. 240km on a side for an impactor of size d  i  =10km), and the results compared to ones with the same parameters done by ; in general the comparison was good. Being computationally less demanding, two-dimensional calculations were possible for much larger domains, covering global regions of the satellite (from 800km below Titan’s surface to the exobase altitude 1700km above the surface). Axisymmetric spherical polar calculations were carried out for vertical impacts. Two-dimensional plane-polar geometry calculations were made for both vertical and oblique impacts. In general, calculations among all three geometries gave consistent results. Our basic result is that the amount of escaping material is less than or approximately equal to the impactor mass even for the most favorable cases. Amounts of escaping material scaled most strongly as a function of velocity, with high-velocity impacts generating the largest amount, as expected. Dependence of the relative amount of escaping mass f  esc  = m  esc /M  i  on impactor diameter d  i  was weak. Oblique impacts (impact angle θ  i  >45°) were more effective than vertical or near-vertical impacts; ratios of m  esc /M  i  ∼1–2 were found in the simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Orbits
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - IAPETUS (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 57293579; Korycansky, D.G. 1; Email Address: kory@pmc.ucsc.edu Zahnle, Kevin J. 2; Affiliation:  1: CODEP, Dept. Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 211 Issue 1, p707; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Orbits; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: IAPETUS (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Ayanna M.
AU  - Jones, Brandon M.
AU  - Serrano, Navid
T1  - Integrated Sensing for Entry, Descent, and Landing of a Robotic Spacecraft.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 304
SN  - 00189251
AB  - We present an integrated sensing approach for enabling autonomous landing of a robotic spacecraft on a hazardous terrain surface; this approach is active during the spacecraft descent profile. The methodology incorporates an image transformation algorithm to interpret temporal imagery land data, perform real-time detection and avoidance of terrain hazards that may impede safe landing, and increase the accuracy of landing at a desired site of interest using landmark localization techniques. By integrating a linguistic rule-based engine with linear algebra and computer vision techniques, the approach suitably addresses inherent uncertainty in the hazard assessment process while ensuring computational simplicity for real-time implementation during spacecraft descent. The proposed approach is able to identify new hazards as they emerge and also remember the locations of past hazards that might impede spacecraft landing. We provide details of the methodology in this paper and present simulation results of the approach applied to a representative Mars landing descent profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE robotics
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - LINEAR algebras
KW  - COMPUTER vision
KW  - MARS landing sites
N1  - Accession Number: 58767553; Howard, Ayanna M. 1 Jones, Brandon M. 2 Serrano, Navid 3; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology  2: Boeing Satellite Development Center  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 47 Issue 1, p295; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: LINEAR algebras; Subject Term: COMPUTER vision; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAES.2011.5705676
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cable, Thomas L.
AU  - Setlock, John A.
AU  - Farmer, Serene C.
AU  - Eckel, Andrew J.
T1  - Regenerative Performance of the NASA Symmetrical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Design.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - The NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a novel cell design and a novel ceramic fabrication technique to produce solid oxide fuel cells predicted to exceed a specific power density of 1.0 kW/kg. The NASA cell has taken a different approach among planar designs, by removing the metal interconnect and returning to the use of a thin, Ca-doped LaCrO interconnect. The cell is structurally symmetrical. Both electrodes support the thin electrolyte and contain microchannels for gas flow, a geometry referred to as a bielectrode-supported cell. Electrolysis tests verify high electrochemical voltage efficiencies and high HO conversion percentages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID oxide fuel cells
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - CALCIUM
KW  - DOPED semiconductors
KW  - LANTHANUM compounds
KW  - ELECTROLYSIS
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 57096571; Cable, Thomas L. 1,2 Setlock, John A. 1,2 Farmer, Serene C. 1 Eckel, Andrew J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Ceramics Branch, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: University of Toledo, MIME Department, Toledo, Ohio 43606; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLID oxide fuel cells; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: CALCIUM; Subject Term: DOPED semiconductors; Subject Term: LANTHANUM compounds; Subject Term: ELECTROLYSIS; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02477.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, Suresh M.
AU  - Tao, Gang
AU  - Patre, Parag
T1  - Direct adaptive control using an adaptive reference model.
JO  - International Journal of Control
JF  - International Journal of Control
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 84
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 180
EP  - 196
SN  - 00207179
AB  - Direct model reference adaptive control is considered when the plant-model matching conditions are violated due to large changes in the plant or incorrect knowledge of the plant's mathematical structure. Because of the mismatch, the plant can no longer track the original reference model, but may be able to track a modified reference model that still provides satisfactory performance. The proposed approach uses a time-varying 'adaptive' reference model that reflects the achievable performance of the changed plant. The approach consists of direct adaptation of state feedback gains for state tracking and simultaneous estimation of the plant-model mismatch. The reference model adapts to the changed plant, and is redesigned if the estimated plant-model mismatch exceeds a bound determined via robust stability and/or performance criteria. The resulting controller offers asymptotic state tracking in the presence of plant-model mismatch as well as matched parameter deviations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Control is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - LINEAR time invariant systems
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions
KW  - adaptive control
KW  - adaptive reference model
KW  - hybrid adaptive control
KW  - mismatch estimation
KW  - plant-model mismatch
N1  - Accession Number: 57830720; Joshi, Suresh M. 1 Tao, Gang 2 Patre, Parag 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 84 Issue 1, p180; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: LINEAR time invariant systems; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptive reference model; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: mismatch estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: plant-model mismatch; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207179.2010.544756
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hendricks, Robert C.
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis
T1  - Particulate Emissions Hazards Associated with Fueling Heat Engines.
JO  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
JF  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Y1  - 2011/01//
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1023621X
AB  - All hydrocarbon- (HC-) fueled heat engine exhaust (tailpipe) emissions (<10 to 140 nm) contribute as health hazards, including emissions from transportation vehicles (e.g., aircraft) and other HC-fueled power systems. CO2 emissions are tracked and, when mapped, show outlines of major transportation routes and cities. Particulate pollution affects living tissue and is found to be detrimental to cardiovascular and respiratory systems where ultrafine particulates directly translocate to promote vascular system diseases potentially detectable as organic vapors. This paper discusses aviation emissions, fueling, and certification issues, including heat engine emissions hazards, detection at low levels and tracking of emissions, and alternate energy sources for general aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Rotating Machinery is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 71773095; Hendricks, Robert C. 1; Email Address: robert.c.hendricks@grc.nasa.gov Bushnell, Dennis 2; Affiliation:  1: Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2011, Issue 1, Special section p1; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2011/415296
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hendricks, Robert C.
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis M.
AU  - Shouse, Dale T.
T1  - Aviation Fueling: A Cleaner, Greener Approach.
JO  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
JF  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Y1  - 2011/01//
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1023621X
AB  - Projected growth of aviation depends on fueling where specific needs must be met. Safety is paramount, and along with political, social, environmental, and legacy transport systems requirements, alternate aviation fueling becomes an opportunity of enormous proportions. Biofuels--sourced from halophytes, algae, cyanobacteria, and 'weeds' using wastelands, waste water, and seawater--have the capacity to be drop-in fuel replacements for petroleum fuels. Biojet fuels from such sources solve the aviation CO2 emissions issue and do not compete with food or freshwater needs. They are not detrimental to the social or environmental fabric and use the existing fuels infrastructure. Cost and sustainable supply remain the major impediments to alternate fuels. Halophytes are the near-term solution to biomass/biofuels capacity at reasonable costs; they simply involve more farming, at usual farming costs. Biofuels represent a win-win approach, proffering as they do--at least the ones we are studying--massive capacity, climate neutral-to-some sequestration, and ultimately, reasonable costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Rotating Machinery is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 71773101; Hendricks, Robert C. 1; Email Address: robert.c.hendricks@grc.nasa.gov Bushnell, Dennis M. 2 Shouse, Dale T. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: AFRL/WPAFB, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA; Source Info: 2011, Issue 1, Special section p1; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2011/782969
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paielli, Russell A.
T1  - Evaluation of Tactical Conflict Resolution Algorithms for Enroute Airspace.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2011/01//Jan/Feb2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 324
EP  - 330
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Algorithms for resolving air traffic conflicts are tested on archived tracking data from 102 actual operational errors (violations of minimum required separation due to controller error). The algorithms compute horizontal or vertical resolution maneuvers for tactical conflicts in which the minimum required separation is predicted to be lost within approximately two min. The horizontal maneuvers are issued as heading vectors, and the vertical maneuvers are issued as standard altitude clearances. Algorithms for the vertical resolutions were presented in an earlier paper, and algorithms for the horizontal resolutions are described in this paper. Simulation results show that these resolution algorithms could have prevented most of the archived operational errors. In some cases, the controller failed to enter an altitude amendment consistent with the voice clearance, and in eight such cases the conflict was not detected early enough to be resolved in the simulation. The correct altitude amendments were added to the recorded data for those cases (to simulate the correct entry by the controller), and successful resolution was then achieved for all cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRSPACE (International law)
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - AIR traffic control
N1  - Accession Number: 59409961; Paielli, Russell A. 1; Email Address: Russ.Paielli@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p324; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRSPACE (International law); Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031131
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kriegel, Christina
AU  - Koehne, Jessica
AU  - Tinkle, Sally
AU  - Maynard, Andrew D.
AU  - Hill, Rodney A.
T1  - Challenges of Trainees in a Multidisciplinary Research Program: Nano-Biotechnology.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Education
JF  - Journal of Chemical Education
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 88
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 55
SN  - 00219584
AB  - The article offers information related to multidisciplinary graduate education in nanotechnology field, considering trainees' challenges. It states that besides from different course curriculum, approaches to multidisciplinary training offer disadvantages and advantages to students. It says that unlike other graduate students, participants in multidisciplinary research get more courses from many departments. Meanwhile, training scientists in various disciplines has provided positive outcome.
KW  - INTERDISCIPLINARY approach in education
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY -- Study & teaching
KW  - UNIVERSITIES & colleges -- Graduate work
KW  - NANOSCIENCE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GRADUATE students in science
KW  - TRAINING of
N1  - Accession Number: 57153012; Kriegel, Christina 1 Koehne, Jessica 2 Tinkle, Sally 3 Maynard, Andrew D. 4 Hill, Rodney A. 5; Email Address: rocthill@idajho.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst Massachusetts 01003, United States  2: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  3: National Institute of Environmental. Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709-2233, United States  4: Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Director, Risk Science Center, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, United States  5: Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2330, United States; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 88 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: INTERDISCIPLINARY approach in education; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: UNIVERSITIES & colleges -- Graduate work; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GRADUATE students in science; Subject Term: TRAINING of; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/ed100l174
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banks, Bruce A.
AU  - Backus, Jane A.
AU  - Manno, Michael V.
AU  - Waters, Deborah L.
AU  - Cameron, Kevin C.
AU  - De Groh, Kim K.
T1  - Prediction of Atomic Oxygen Erosion Yield for Spacecraft Polymers.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/01//Jan/Feb2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 22
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The ability to predict the atomic oxygen erosion yield of polymers based on their chemistry and physical properties has been only partially successful because of a lack of reliable low-Earth-orbit erosion yield data. The retrieval of the polymer erosion and contamination experiment after 3.95 years in low Earth orbit as part of the Materials International Space Station Experiment 2 provided accurate measurements of the erosion yields of 38 polymers and pyrolytic graphite. The resulting erosion yield data was used to develop a predictive tool with a correlation coefficient of 0.895 and uncertainty of ±6.3 x 10-25 cm³/atom. The predictive tool uses the chemical structures and physical properties of polymers to predict in-space atomic oxygen erosion yields. A technique which uses the erosion yields of two materials is presented to allow prediction of the erosion yield of a composite material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - EROSION
N1  - Accession Number: 59289033; Banks, Bruce A. 1 Backus, Jane A. 2 Manno, Michael V. 1 Waters, Deborah L. 3 Cameron, Kevin C. 4 De Groh, Kim K. 5; Affiliation:  1: Alphaport, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142  3: ASRC Aerospace, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Bivokpark, Ohio 44142  5: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p14; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: EROSION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.48849
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winter, Michael W.
AU  - Trumble, Kerry A.
T1  - Near-Ultraviolet Emission Spectroscopy During an Airborne Observation of the Stardust Reentry.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/01//Jan/Feb2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 71
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Thermal radiation of the heatshield and the emission of the postshock layer around the Stardust capsule, during its reentry, were detected by a NASA-led observation campaign aboard NASA's DC-8 airborne observatory involving teams from several nations. The German SLIT experiment used a conventional spectrometer, in a Czerny-Turner configuration (300 mm focal length and a 600 lines/mm grating), fed by fiber optics, to cover a wavelength range from 324 to 456 nm with a pixel resolution of 0.08 nm. The reentering spacecraft was tracked manually using a camera with a view angle of 20 deg, and light from the capsule was collected using a small mirror telescope with a view angle of only 0.45 deg. Data were gathered with a measurement frequency of 5 Hz in a 30-s time interval around the point of maximum heating until the capsule left the field of view. The emission of carbon nitride (as a major ablation product), N2+ and different atoms were monitored successfully during that time. Because of the nature of the experimental setup, spatial resolution of the radiation field was not possible. Therefore, all measured values represent an integration of radiation from the visible part of the glowing heatshield, and from the plasma in the postshock region. Further, due to challenges in tracking, not every spectrum gathered contained data. The measured spectra can be split up into two parts: 1) continuum spectra, which represent a superposition of the heatshield radiation and the continuum radiation of particles due to microspallation in the plasma, and 2) line spectra from the plasma in the shock layer. Planck temperatures (interpreted as the surface temperatures of the Stardust heatshield) were determined assuming either a constant surface temperature, or a temperature distribution deduced from numerical simulation. The constant surface temperatures are in good agreement with numerical simulations, but the peak values at the stagnation point are significantly lower than those in the numerical simulation if a temperature distribution over the surface is assumed. Emission bands of carbon nitride and N2+ were tracked along the visible trajectory and compared with a spectral simulation with satisfying agreement. Values for the integrated radiation of the transitions of interest for these species were extracted from this comparison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 59289040; Winter, Michael W. 1; Email Address: Michael.Winter@nasa.gov Trumble, Kerry A. 1; Email Address: Trumble@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2011, Vol. 48 Issue 1, p59; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.38176
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brame, Jonathon A.
AU  - Goodsell, Johnathan E.
AU  - Getty, Stephanie. A.
AU  - Zheng, Y.
AU  - Allred, David D.
T1  - Fabrication and Testing of a Strain-Based Carbon Nanotube Magnetometer Structure*.
JO  - Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters
JF  - Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 88
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 454
PB  - Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters
AB  - A test structure for a prototype nanoscale magnetometer exploiting the strain sensitivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been fabricated. The nanotube magnetometer would boast reduced dimensions, mass, and power requirements compared with a Fluxgate magnetometer. Dramatic resistance increase with strain has been previously reported for individual nanotubes, and this magnetometer design concept seeks to extend this strainresistance property to an "asgrown" ensemble of SWCNTs. Measurements of a test structure show a correlation between applied magnetic field and device conductivity. This correlation indicates an increase in conductivity with strain to the network of nanotubes; candidate mechanisms for this behavior are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters is the property of Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - MAGNETOMETERS
KW  - MAGNETIC instruments
KW  - GEOPHYSICAL instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 85598680; Brame, Jonathon A. 1 Goodsell, Johnathan E. 1 Getty, Stephanie. A. 2 Zheng, Y. 2 Allred, David D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Brigham Young University  2: NASA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 88, p444; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: MAGNETOMETERS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC instruments; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICAL instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
AU  - Healy, Alice
T1  - The effects of spatial representation on memory for verbal navigation instructions.
JO  - Memory & Cognition
JF  - Memory & Cognition
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 39
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 62
SN  - 0090502X
AB  - Three experiments investigated effects of mental spatial representation on memory for verbal navigation instructions. The navigation instructions referred to a grid of stacked matrices displayed on a computer screen or on paper, with or without depth cues, and presented as two-dimensional diagrams or a three-dimensional physical model. Experimental instructions either did or did not promote a three-dimensional mental representation of the space. Subjects heard navigation instructions, immediately repeated them, and then followed them manually on the grid. In all display and experimental instruction conditions, memory for the navigation instructions was reduced when the task required mentally representing a three-dimensional space, with movements across multiple matrices, as compared with a two-dimensional space, with movements within a single matrix, even though the words in the navigation instructions were identical in all cases. The findings demonstrate that the mental representation of the space influences immediate verbatim memory for navigation instructions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Memory & Cognition is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - DEPTH perception
KW  - FACTOR analysis
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - ORIENTATION
KW  - RESEARCH -- Finance
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - SPEECH perception
KW  - UNDERGRADUATES
KW  - COLORADO
KW  - Aviation
KW  - Communication
KW  - Memory
KW  - Spatial cognition
N1  - Accession Number: 64881269; Barshi, Immanuel 1; Email Address: Immanuel.Barshi@nasa.gov Healy, Alice 2; Email Address: Alice.Healy@Colorado.edu; Affiliation:  1: Human System Integration Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-4, NASA-ARC Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA  2: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger Building, 345 UCB Boulder 80309-0345 USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION; Subject Term: DEPTH perception; Subject Term: FACTOR analysis; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: ORIENTATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: SPACE perception; Subject Term: SPEECH perception; Subject Term: UNDERGRADUATES; Subject Term: COLORADO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aviation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial cognition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3758/s13421-010-0024-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuczmarski, Maria A.
AU  - Miller, Robert A.
AU  - Dongming Zhu
T1  - CFD-Guided Development of Test Rigs for Studying Erosion and Large-Particle Damage of Thermal Barrier Coatings.
JO  - Modelling & Simulation in Engineering
JF  - Modelling & Simulation in Engineering
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 2011
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 16875591
AB  - Burner rigs are routinely used to qualify materials for gas turbine applications. The most useful rig tests are those that can replicate, often in an accelerated manner, the degradation that materials experience in the engine. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used to accelerate the successful development and continuous improvement of combustion burner rigs for meaningful materials testing. Rig development is typically an iterative process of making incremental modifications to improve the rig performance for testing requirements. Application of CFD allows many of these iterations to be done computationally before hardware is built or modified, reducing overall testing costs and time, and it can provide an improved understanding of how these rigs operate. This paper describes the use of CFD to develop burner test rigs for studying erosion and large-particle damage of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) used to protect turbine blades from high heat fluxes in combustion engines. The steps used in this study—determining the questions that need to be answered regarding the test rig performance, developing and validating the model, and using it to predict rig performance—can be applied to the efficient development of other test rigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Modelling & Simulation in Engineering is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS stoves
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - TESTING
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - EROSION
KW  - COMBUSTION
N1  - Accession Number: 70967779; Kuczmarski, Maria A. 1; Email Address: maria.a.kuczmarski@nasa.gov Miller, Robert A. 1 Dongming Zhu 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44131, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 2011, p1; Subject Term: GAS stoves; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335221 Household Cooking Appliance Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423620 Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 7 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2011/837921
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balona, L. A.
AU  - Cunha, M. S.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Brandão, I. M.
AU  - Gruberbauer, M.
AU  - Saio, H.
AU  - Østensen, R.
AU  - Elkin, V. G.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Koch, D. G.
AU  - Bryson, S. T.
T1  - Kepler observations of rapidly oscillating Ap, δ Scuti and γ Doradus pulsations in Ap stars.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 410
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 517
EP  - 524
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Observations of the A5p star KIC 8677585 obtained during the Kepler 10-d commissioning run with 1-min time resolution show that it is a rapidly oscillating Ap (roAp) star with several frequencies with periods near 10 min. In addition, a low frequency at 3.142 d is also clearly present. Multiperiodic γ Doradus (γ Dor) and δ Scuti (δ Sct) pulsations, never before seen in any Ap star, are present in Kepler observations of at least three other Ap stars. Since γ Dor pulsations are seen in Ap stars, it is likely that the low frequency in KIC 8677585 is also a γ Dor pulsation. The simultaneous presence of both γ Dor and roAp pulsations and the unexpected detection of δ Sct and γ Dor pulsations in Ap stars present new opportunities and challenges for the interpretation of these stars. Since it is easy to confuse Am and Ap stars at classification dispersions, the nature of these Ap stars in the Kepler field needs to be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - AP stars
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - DISPERSION relations
KW  - PECULIAR stars
N1  - Accession Number: 55811518; Balona, L. A. 1 Cunha, M. S. 2 Kurtz, D. W. 3 Brandão, I. M. 2 Gruberbauer, M. 4 Saio, H. 5 Østensen, R. 6 Elkin, V. G. 3 Borucki, W. J. 7 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 8 Kjeldsen, H. 8 Koch, D. G. 7 Bryson, S. T. 7; Affiliation:  1: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa  2: Centro de Astrofisica e Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4150 Porto, Portugal  3: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  4: Department of Astronomy & Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  5: Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan  6: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KULeuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  7: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Building 1520, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 410 Issue 1, p517; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: AP stars; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: DISPERSION relations; Subject Term: PECULIAR stars; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17461.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Curran, P. A.
AU  - Maccarone, T. J.
AU  - Casella, P.
AU  - Evans, P. A.
AU  - Landsman, W.
AU  - Krimm, H. A.
AU  - Brocksopp, C.
AU  - Still, M.
T1  - Black hole candidate XTE J1752−223: Swift observations of canonical states during outburst.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 410
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 541
EP  - 547
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present Swift broad-band observations of the recently discovered black hole candidate, X-ray transient, XTE J223, obtained over the period of outburst from 2009 October to 2010 June. From Swift-Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) data we confirm the presence of an optical counterpart which displays variability correlated, in the soft state, to the X-ray emission observed by Swift-X-ray Telescope (XRT). The optical counterpart also displays hysteretical behaviour between the states not normally observed in the optical bands, suggesting a possible contribution from a synchrotron-emitting jet to the optical emission in the rising hard state. We offer a purely phenomenological treatment of the spectra as an indication of the canonical spectral state of the source during different periods of the outburst. We find that the high-energy hardness-intensity diagrams over two separate bands follow the canonical behaviour, confirming the spectral states. Our XRT timing analysis shows that in the hard state there is significant variability below 10 Hz which is more pronounced at low energies, while during the soft state the level of variability is consistent with being minimal. These properties of XTE J223 support its candidacy as a black hole in the Galactic Centre region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLACK holes (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - DISCOVERIES in science
KW  - X-ray telescopes
KW  - SYNCHROTRON radiation
KW  - X-ray bursts
KW  - GALACTIC center
N1  - Accession Number: 55811505; Curran, P. A. 1 Maccarone, T. J. 2 Casella, P. 2 Evans, P. A. 3 Landsman, W. 4 Krimm, H. A. 5,6 Brocksopp, C. 1 Still, M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College of London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT  2: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH  4: Adnet Systems, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 410 Issue 1, p541; Subject Term: BLACK holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in science; Subject Term: X-ray telescopes; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRON radiation; Subject Term: X-ray bursts; Subject Term: GALACTIC center; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17460.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wojtecki, Rudy J.
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
AU  - Rowan, Stuart J.
T1  - Using the dynamic bond to access macroscopically responsive structurally dynamic polymers.
JO  - Nature Materials
JF  - Nature Materials
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 27
SN  - 14761122
AB  - New materials that have the ability to reversibly adapt to their environment and possess a wide range of responses ranging from self-healing to mechanical work are continually emerging. These adaptive systems have the potential to revolutionize technologies such as sensors and actuators, as well as numerous biomedical applications. We will describe the emergence of a new trend in the design of adaptive materials that involves the use of reversible chemistry (both non-covalent and covalent) to programme a response that originates at the most fundamental (molecular) level. Materials that make use of this approach - structurally dynamic polymers - produce macroscopic responses from a change in the material's molecular architecture (that is, the rearrangement or reorganization of the polymer components, or polymeric aggregates). This design approach requires careful selection of the reversible/dynamic bond used in the construction of the material to control its environmental responsiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Materials is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - MACROMOLECULES
KW  - BIOMEDICAL materials
N1  - Accession Number: 55818923; Wojtecki, Rudy J. 1 Meador, Michael A. 2 Rowan, Stuart J. 1; Email Address: stuart.rowan@case.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202, USA.  2: Structures and Materials Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA.; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p14; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: MACROMOLECULES; Subject Term: BIOMEDICAL materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nmat2891
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index data do not show greening of Amazon forests during the 2005 drought.
JO  - New Phytologist
JF  - New Phytologist
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 189
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 15
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 0028646X
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Amazon forests green-up during 2005 drought," by S. R. Saleska and colleagues.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - DROUGHTS
KW  - Amazon
KW  - drought
KW  - rainforests
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - sensitivity
N1  - Accession Number: 55512183; Samanta, Arindam 1; Email Address: arindam.sam@gmail.com Ganguly, Sangram 2 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 189 Issue 1, p11; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: DROUGHTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: rainforests; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensitivity; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03516.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Godoy, William F.
AU  - Liu, Xu
T1  - Introduction of Parallel GPGPU Acceleration Algorithms for the Solution of Radiative Transfer.
JO  - Numerical Heat Transfer: Part B -- Fundamentals
JF  - Numerical Heat Transfer: Part B -- Fundamentals
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
SN  - 10407790
AB  - General-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is a recent technique that allows the parallel graphics processing unit (GPU) to accelerate calculations performed sequentially by the central processing unit (CPU). To introduce GPGPU to radiative transfer, the Gauss-Seidel solution of the well-known expressions for 1-D and 3-D homogeneous, isotropic media is selected as a test case. Different algorithms are introduced to balance memory and GPU-CPU communication, critical aspects of GPGPU. Results show that speed-ups of one to two orders of magnitude are obtained when compared to sequential solutions. The underlying value of GPGPU is its potential extension in radiative solvers (e.g., Monte Carlo, discrete ordinates) at a minimal learning curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Numerical Heat Transfer: Part B -- Fundamentals is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHICS processing units (Computers)
KW  - ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - PARALLEL algorithms
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
N1  - Accession Number: 57657815; Godoy, William F. 1 Liu, Xu 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 59 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GRAPHICS processing units (Computers); Subject Term: ACCELERATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: PARALLEL algorithms; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10407790.2010.541359
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57657815&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marcu, Oana
AU  - Lera, Matthew P.
AU  - Sanchez, Max E.
AU  - Levic, Edina
AU  - Higgins, Laura A.
AU  - Shmygelska, Alena
AU  - Fahlen, Thomas F.
AU  - Nichol, Helen
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
T1  - Innate Immune Responses of Drosophila melanogaster Are Altered by Spaceflight.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Alterations and impairment of immune responses in humans present a health risk for space exploration missions. The molecular mechanisms underpinning innate immune defense can be confounded by the complexity of the acquired immune system of humans. Drosophila (fruit fly) innate immunity is simpler, and shares many similarities with human innate immunity at the level of molecular and genetic pathways. The goals of this study were to elucidate fundamental immune processes in Drosophila affected by spaceflight and to measure host-pathogen responses post-flight. Five containers, each containing ten female and five male fruit flies, were housed and bred on the space shuttle (average orbit altitude of 330.35 km) for 12 days and 18.5 hours. A new generation of flies was reared in microgravity. In larvae, the immune system was examined by analyzing plasmatocyte number and activity in culture. In adults, the induced immune responses were analyzed by bacterial clearance and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of selected genes following infection with E. coli. The RNA levels of relevant immune pathway genes were determined in both larvae and adults by microarray analysis. The ability of larval plasmatocytes to phagocytose E. coli in culture was attenuated following spaceflight, and in parallel, the expression of genes involved in cell maturation was downregulated. In addition, the level of constitutive expression of pattern recognition receptors and opsonins that specifically recognize bacteria, and of lysozymes, antimicrobial peptide (AMP) pathway and immune stress genes, hallmarks of humoral immunity, were also reduced in larvae. In adults, the efficiency of bacterial clearance measured in vivo following a systemic infection with E. coli post-flight, remained robust. We show that spaceflight altered both cellular and humoral immune responses in Drosophila and that the disruption occurs at multiple interacting pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DROSOPHILA melanogaster
KW  - IMMUNE response
KW  - IMMUNE system
KW  - DROSOPHILA
KW  - PATHOGENIC microorganisms
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - ESCHERICHIA coli
KW  - DNA microarrays
N1  - Accession Number: 59387799; Marcu, Oana 1,2 Lera, Matthew P. 1,3 Sanchez, Max E. 4 Levic, Edina 4 Higgins, Laura A. 5 Shmygelska, Alena 1,6 Fahlen, Thomas F. 7 Nichol, Helen 8 Bhattacharya, Sharmila 1; Email Address: sharmila.bhattacharya@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, United States of America.  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, California, United States of America.  3: Lockheed Martin Exploration & Science, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, United States of America.  4: Department of Biological Research, Microfluidic Systems, Fremont, California, United States of America.  5: JMP Business Unit, SAS Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America.  6: Silicon Valley Campus of Carnegie Mellon University, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, United States of America.  7: Advanced Technology, The Clorox Company, Pleasanton, California, United States of America.  8: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA melanogaster; Subject Term: IMMUNE response; Subject Term: IMMUNE system; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA; Subject Term: PATHOGENIC microorganisms; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0015361
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59387799&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de la Peña, F.
AU  - Berger, M.-H.
AU  - Hochepied, J.-F.
AU  - Dynys, F.
AU  - Stephan, O.
AU  - Walls, M.
T1  - Mapping titanium and tin oxide phases using EELS: An application of independent component analysis
JO  - Ultramicroscopy
JF  - Ultramicroscopy
Y1  - 2011/01//
VL  - 111
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 176
SN  - 03043991
AB  - Abstract: We study materials that present challenges for conventional elemental mapping techniques and can in some cases be treated successfully using independent component analysis (ICA). In this case the material in question is obtained from a TiO2–SiO2 solid solution that is spinodally decomposed into TiO2 rich–SnO2 rich multilayers. Conventional elemental mapping is difficult because the edges most easily mapped for these elements (Ti-L, Sn-M and O-K) all have onsets within the same 80eV range. ICA is used to separate entire spectral signals corresponding to particular material phases or molecular units rather than particular elements and is thus able to distinguish between TiO2 and SnO2. We show that quantification of oxide species can be performed by different methods that require extra assumptions, but nevertheless should be feasible in many cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ultramicroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - STANNIC oxide
KW  - INDEPENDENT component analysis
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics)
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - BLIND source separation
KW  - MULTIVARIATE analysis
KW  - Blind separation of sources
KW  - Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS)
KW  - Independent component analysis
KW  - Multivariate statistical analysis
KW  - Quantification
KW  - SnO2
KW  - Spinodal decomposition
KW  - TiO2
N1  - Accession Number: 57079134; de la Peña, F. 1 Berger, M.-H. 2 Hochepied, J.-F. 3 Dynys, F. 4 Stephan, O. 1 Walls, M. 1; Email Address: walls@lps.u-psud.fr; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Bât. 510, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  2: MINES—ParisTech, Centre des Matériaux, CNRS UMR 7633, BP 87 91003 Evry Cedex, France  3: MINES—ParisTech, CEP-SCPI, 60bd Saint Michel 75272 Paris, Cedex 06, France  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 111 Issue 2, p169; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: STANNIC oxide; Subject Term: INDEPENDENT component analysis; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics); Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: BLIND source separation; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blind separation of sources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Independent component analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariate statistical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantification; Author-Supplied Keyword: SnO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spinodal decomposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiO2; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultramic.2010.10.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57079134&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Le Vine, David M.
AU  - Dinnat, Emmanuel P.
AU  - Jacob, S. Daniel
AU  - Abraham, Saji
AU  - de Matthaeis, Paolo
T1  - Impact of Antenna Pattern on Measurement of the Third Stokes Parameter From Space at L-Band.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/01/02/Jan2011 Supplement 1
VL  - 49
M3  - Article
SP  - 406
EP  - 414
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The third Stokes parameter will be observed from space for the first time at L-band by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity and Aquarius/SAC-D satellites. The correlation between polarizations, which is the source of the third Stokes parameter, is of interest at L-band to measure Faraday rotation and also to indicate novel features of the surface. However, spurious signals (false indication of correlation) can occur in the third Stokes parameter. For example, this happens when the radiometer crosses boundaries associated with a large change in brightness temperature, such as land–water boundaries. In this paper, calculations with the Aquarius radiometer antennas will be used to show that these spurious signals are due to the cross-polarization coupling and large beamwidth associated with realistic L-band antennas in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNA radiation patterns
KW  - FARADAY effect
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - Antenna measurements
KW  - Antennas
KW  - Faraday effect
KW  - Microwave radiometer
KW  - microwave radiometer polarimetry
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Radiometry
KW  - Sea surface
KW  - Stokes parameters
N1  - Accession Number: 62338989; Le Vine, David M. 1 Dinnat, Emmanuel P. 2 Jacob, S. Daniel 2 Abraham, Saji 3 de Matthaeis, Paolo 4; Affiliation:  1: Code 614.1 Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Greenbelt, MD, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Wyle Information Systems, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, USA  4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Jan2011 Supplement 1, Vol. 49, p406; Subject Term: ANTENNA radiation patterns; Subject Term: FARADAY effect; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: SALINITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Faraday effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave radiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave radiometer polarimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stokes parameters; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051953
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62338989&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Koch, Grady J.
AU  - Rubio, Manuel
AU  - Mack, Terry L.
AU  - Notari, Anthony
AU  - Collins, James E.
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - De Young, Russell
AU  - Choi, Yonghoon
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - Backscatter 2-\mu\m Lidar Validation for Atmospheric \CO2 Differential Absorption Lidar Applications.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/01/02/Jan2011 Supplement 1
VL  - 49
M3  - Article
SP  - 572
EP  - 580
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A 2-\mu\m backscatter lidar system has been developed by utilizing tunable pulsed laser and infrared phototransistor for the transmitter and the receiver, respectively. To validate the system, the 2-\mu\m atmospheric backscatter profiles were compared to profiles obtained at 1 and 0.5 \mu\m using avalanche photodiode and photomultiplier tube, respectively. Consequently, a methodology is proposed to compare the performance of different lidar systems operating at different wavelengths through various detection technologies. The methodology is based on extracting the system equivalent detectivity and comparing it to that of the detectors, as well as the ideal background detectivity. Besides, the 2- \mu\m system capability for atmospheric \CO2 temporal profiling using the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique was demonstrated. This was achieved by tuning the laser at slightly different wavelengths around the \CO2 R22 absorption line in the 2.05-\mu\m band. \CO2 temporal profiles were also compared to in situ measurements. Preliminary results indicated average mixing ratios close to 390 ppm in the atmospheric boundary layer with 3.0% precision. The development of this system is an initial step for developing a high-resolution, high-precision direct-detection atmospheric \CO2 DIAL system. A successful development of this system would be a valuable tool in obtaining and validating global atmospheric \CO2 measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - LASER beams
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR lasers
KW  - TUNABLE lasers
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - AVALANCHE photodiodes
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Atmospheric waves
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - carbon dioxide
KW  - Detectors
KW  - infrared
KW  - Laser radar
KW  - lidar
KW  - Measurement by laser beam
KW  - Noise
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Semiconductor lasers
N1  - Accession Number: 62338991; Refaat, Tamer F. 1 Ismail, Syed 2 Koch, Grady J. 3 Rubio, Manuel 2 Mack, Terry L. 4 Notari, Anthony 5 Collins, James E. 5 Lewis, Jasper 6 De Young, Russell 2 Choi, Yonghoon 6 Abedin, M. Nurul 2 Singh, Upendra N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Applied Research Center, Old Dominion University, Newport News, VA , USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA  4: Lockheed Martin, Hampton, VA, USA  5: Science Systems & Application, Inc., Hampton, USA  6: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2011 Supplement 1, Vol. 49, p572; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR lasers; Subject Term: TUNABLE lasers; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: AVALANCHE photodiodes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement by laser beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Semiconductor lasers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2055874
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62338991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
AU  - Andersen, Dale
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Marinova, Margarita
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Stability of massive ground ice bodies in University Valley, McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Using stable O–H isotope as tracers of sublimation in hyper-arid regions
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2011/01/03/
VL  - 301
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 403
EP  - 411
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: To date, studies of the stability of subsurface ice in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica have been mainly based on climate-based vapor diffusion models. In University Valley (1800m), a small glacier is found at the base of the head of the valley, and adjacent to the glacier, a buried body of massive ice was uncovered beneath 20–40cm of loose cryotic sediments and sandstone boulders. This study assesses the origin and stability of the buried body of massive ice by measuring the geochemistry and stable O–H isotope composition of the ice and applies a sublimation and molecular diffusion model that accounts for the observed trends. The results indicate that the buried massive ice body represents an extension of the adjacent glacier that was buried by a rock avalanche during a cold climate period. The contrasting δ18O profiles and regression slope values between the uppermost 6cm of the buried massive ice (upward convex δ18O profile and S D-18O =5.1) and that below it (progressive increase in δ18O and S D-18O =6.4) suggest independent post-depositional processes affected the isotope composition of the ice. The upward convex δ18O profile in the uppermost 6cm is consistent with the ice undergoing sublimation. Using a sublimation and molecular diffusion model, and assuming that diffusion occurred through solid ice, the sublimation rate needed to fit the measured δ18O profile is 0.2 ⋅ 10−3 mm yr−1, a value that is more similar to net ice removal rates derived from 3He data from cobbles in Beacon Valley till (7.0 ⋅ 10−3 mm yr−1) than sublimation rates computed based on current climate (0.1–0.2mm yr−1). We suggest that the climate-based sublimation rates are offset due to potential ice recharge mechanisms or to missing parameters, particularly the nature and thermo-physical properties of the overlying sediments (i.e., temperature, humidity, pore structure and ice content, grain size). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - SUBLIMATION (Chemistry)
KW  - HYDROGEN isotopes
KW  - GLACIERS
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - PERMAFROST
KW  - MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - massive ground ice
KW  - McMurdo Dry Valleys
KW  - permafrost
KW  - stable O–H isotopes
KW  - sublimation
N1  - Accession Number: 56499326; Lacelle, Denis 1; Email Address: denis.lacelle@gmail.com Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3 Pollard, Wayne H. 4 Andersen, Dale 2 Heldmann, Jennifer 3 Marinova, Margarita 3 McKay, Christopher P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada  2: SETI Institute/Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, Mountain View, California, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California, USA  4: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 301 Issue 1/2, p403; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: SUBLIMATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: HYDROGEN isotopes; Subject Term: GLACIERS; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PERMAFROST; Subject Term: MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: massive ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: McMurdo Dry Valleys; Author-Supplied Keyword: permafrost; Author-Supplied Keyword: stable O–H isotopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: sublimation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.11.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=56499326&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubin, Robert H.
AU  - Simpson, Janet P.
AU  - O'Dell, C. R.
AU  - McNabb, Ian A.
AU  - Colgan, Sean W. J.
AU  - Zhuge, Scott Y.
AU  - Ferland, Gary J.
AU  - Hidalgo, Sergio A.
T1  - Spitzer reveals what is behind Orion's Bar.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/01/11/
VL  - 410
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1348
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present Spitzer Space Telescope observations of 11 regions south-east (SE) of the Bright Bar in the Orion Nebula, along a radial from the exciting star θ1 Ori C, extending from 2.6 to 12.1 arcmin. Our Cycle 5 programme obtained deep spectra with matching Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) short-high (SH) and long-high (LH) aperture grid patterns. Most previous IR missions observed only the inner few arcmin (the 'Huygens' Region). The extreme sensitivity of Spitzer in the 10-37 μm spectral range permitted us to measure many lines of interest to much larger distances from θ1 Ori C. Orion is the benchmark for studies of the interstellar medium, particularly for elemental abundances. Spitzer observations provide a unique perspective on the neon and sulphur abundances by virtue of observing the dominant ionization states of Ne (Ne+, Ne++) and S (S++, S3 +) in Orion and H  ii regions in general. The Ne/H abundance ratio is especially well determined, with a value of (1.02 ± 0.02) × 10−4 or in terms of the conventional expression, 12 + log(Ne/H) = 8.01 ± 0.01. We obtained corresponding new ground-based spectra at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO). These optical data are used to estimate the electron temperature, electron density, optical extinction and the S+/S++ ionization ratio at each of our Spitzer positions. That permits an adjustment for the total gas-phase sulphur abundance because no S+ line is observed by Spitzer. The gas-phase S/H abundance ratio is (7.68 ± 0.25) × 10−6 or 12 + log(S/H) = 6.89 ± 0.02. The Ne/S abundance ratio may be determined even when the weaker hydrogen line, H(7-6) here, is not measured. The mean value, adjusted for the optical S+/S++ ratio, is Ne/S = 13.0 ± 0.2. We derive the electron density ( Ne) versus distance from θ1 Ori C for [S  iii] ( Spitzer) and [S  ii] (CTIO). Both distributions are for the most part decreasing with increasing distance. The values for Ne[S  ii] fall below those of Ne[S  iii] at a given distance except for the outermost position. This general trend is consistent with the commonly accepted blister model for the Orion Nebula. The natural shape of such a blister is concave with an underlying decrease in density with increasing distance from the source of photoionization. Our spectra are the deepest ever taken in these outer regions of Orion over the 10-37 μm range. Tracking the changes in ionization structure via the line emission to larger distances provides much more leverage for understanding the far less studied outer regions. A dramatic find is the presence of high-ionization Ne++ all the way to the outer optical boundary ∼12 arcmin from θ1 Ori C. This IR result is robust, whereas the optical evidence from observations of high-ionization species (e.g. O++) at the outer optical boundary suffers uncertainty because of scattering of emission from the much brighter inner Huygens Region. The Spitzer spectra are consistent with the Bright Bar being a high-density 'localized escarpment' in the larger Orion Nebula picture. Hard ionizing photons reach most solid angles well SE of the Bright Bar. The so-called Orion foreground 'Veil', seen prominently in projection at our outermost position 12 arcmin from θ1 Ori C, is likely an H ii region-photo-dissociation region (PDR) interface. The Spitzer spectra show very strong enhancements of PDR lines -[Si  ii] 34.8 μm, [Fe  ii] 26.0 μm and molecular hydrogen - at the outermost position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LARGE astronomical telescopes
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - NEON
KW  - SULFUR
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - ELECTRON distribution
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
KW  - ORION Nebula
N1  - Accession Number: 65025252; Rubin, Robert H. 1,2 Simpson, Janet P. 1,3 O'Dell, C. R. 4 McNabb, Ian A. 5 Colgan, Sean W. J. 1 Zhuge, Scott Y. 1 Ferland, Gary J. 6 Hidalgo, Sergio A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  2: Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  3: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Physics & Astronomy Department, Vanderbilt University, Box 1807-B, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  5: Kavli Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing, China  6: University of Kentucky, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 410 Issue 2, p1320; Subject Term: LARGE astronomical telescopes; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: NEON; Subject Term: SULFUR; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; Subject Term: ORION Nebula; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17522.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, Brant M.
AU  - Fangtong Zhanga
AU  - Kaiser, Raif I.
AU  - Jamaic, Adeel
AU  - Mebel, Alexander M.
AU  - Cordiner, Martin A.
AU  - Charnley, Steven B.
T1  - Formation of benzene in the interstellar medium.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2011/01/11/
VL  - 108
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 452
EP  - 457
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related species have been suggested to play a key role in the astrochemical evolution of the interstellar medium, but the formation mechanism of even their simplest building block-the aromatic benzene molecule- has remained elusive for decades. Here we demonstrate in crossed molecular beam experiments combined with electronic structure and,statistical calculations that benzene (C6H6) can be synthesized via the barrierless, exoergic reaction of the ethynyl radical and 1,3- butadiene. C2H2CCHCHCH2 → C6H6 + H, under single collision conditions. This reaction portrays the simplest representative of a reaction class in which aromatic molecules with a benzene core can be formed from acyclic p!ecursors via barrierless reactions of ethynyl radicals with substituted 1,3-butadiene molecules. Unique gas-grain astrochemical models imply that this low-temperature route controls the synthesis of the very first aromatic ring from acyclic precursors in cold molecular clouds, such as in the Taurus Molecular Cloud. Rapid, subsequent barrierless reactions of benzene with ethynyl radicals can lead to naphthalene-like structures thus effectively propagating the ethynyl-radical mediated forma- tion of aromatic molecules in the interstellar medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - bimolecular reaction
KW  - polycyclic aromatic byrdrocarbons
KW  - reaction dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 58794733; Jones, Brant M. 1,2 Fangtong Zhanga 1 Kaiser, Raif I. 1,2; Email Address: ralfk@hawaii.edu Jamaic, Adeel 3 Mebel, Alexander M. 3 Cordiner, Martin A. 4 Charnley, Steven B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822.  3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199.  4: Goddard Center for Astrobiology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20706.; Source Info: 1/11/2011, Vol. 108 Issue 2, p452; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: bimolecular reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: polycyclic aromatic byrdrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: reaction dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1012468108
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
T1  - Hydrogen and moisture-induced scale spallation: Cathodic descaling of a single crystal superalloy
JO  - Electrochimica Acta
JF  - Electrochimica Acta
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1823
EP  - 1834
SN  - 00134686
AB  - Abstract: Moisture-induced delayed spallation (MIDS) of protective alumina scales at room temperature is a well known phenomenon. One mechanism proposes that water and Alalloy react, produce hydrogen at the scale–metal interface, and enable spallation. To test this mechanism, preoxidized samples of a single crystal superalloy, Rene’N5+Y, were subjected to standard cathodic hydrogen charging treatments known to produce hydrogen embrittlement in bulk Ni and Ni3Al alloys. Cathodic hydrogen charging, at <1mA and an estimated −0.45V SCE, stripped the scales at the oxide-metal interface, resulting in an initial loss of ∼3mg/cm2 and little additional change with time. This was supported by macro-photos and SEM of the spalled surface. On the other hand, anodic polarization at <1mA produced less, but steady, linear weight loss (0.3mg/cm2), primarily by anodic dissolution of the metal. Hydrogen charging was thus shown to be detrimental to the alumina scale–metal bond, supporting the hydrogen factor in MIDS. These and other MIDS results show remarkable similarities to embrittlement of Ni subject to hydrogen charging at similar potentials and varying amounts of interfacial (grain boundary) sulfur segregation. The MIDS phenomenon is also discussed in terms of comparative static corrosion fatigue characteristics. It is not necessarily related to other diverse moisture effects occurring at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - DESCALING
KW  - HYDROGEN production
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - EMBRITTLEMENT
KW  - SEGREGATION (Metallurgy)
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - Alumina scales
KW  - Hydrogen embrittlement
KW  - Moisture
KW  - Sulfur segregation
KW  - Superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 57517576; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: James.l.smialek@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p1823; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: DESCALING; Subject Term: HYDROGEN production; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: EMBRITTLEMENT; Subject Term: SEGREGATION (Metallurgy); Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Alumina scales; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen embrittlement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfur segregation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.072
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KE DU
AU  - ROOD, MARK J.
AU  - WELTON, ELLSWORTH J.
AU  - VARMA, RAVI M.
AU  - HASHMONAY, RAM A.
AU  - KIM, BYUNG J.
AU  - KEMME, MICHAEL R.
T1  - Optical Remote Sensing To Quantify Fugitive Particulate Mass Emissions from Stationary Short-Term and Mobile Continuous Sources: Part I. Method and Examples.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 658
EP  - 665
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - The emissions of particulate matter (PM) from anthropogenic sources raise public concern. A new method is described here that was developed to complete in situ rapid response measurements of PM mass emissions from fugitive dust sources by use of optical remote sensing (ORS) and an anemometer. The ORS system consists of one ground-based micropulse light detection and ranging (MPL) device that was mounted on a positioner, two open path-Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectrometers, and two open path-laser transmissometers (OP-LT). An algorithm was formulated to compute PM light extinction profiles along each of the plume's cross sections that were determined with the MPL. Size-specific PM mass emission factors were then calculated by integrating the light extinction profiles with particle mass extinction efficiencies (determined with the OP-FTIRs/OP-LTs) and the wind's speed and direction. This method also quantifies the spatial and temporal variability of the plume's PM mass concentrations across each of the plume's cross sections. Example results from three field studies are also described to demonstrate how this new method is used to determine mass emission factors as well as characterize the dust plumes' horizontal and vertical dimensions and temporal variability of the PM's mass concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ANEMOMETER
KW  - DUST -- Environmental aspects
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL research
N1  - Accession Number: 57994759; KE DU 1; Email Address: kdu@iue.ac.cn ROOD, MARK J. 2 WELTON, ELLSWORTH J. 3 VARMA, RAVI M. 4 HASHMONAY, RAM A. 5 KIM, BYUNG J. 6 KEMME, MICHAEL R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China.  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, 205 North Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois, United States.  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States.  4: Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut 673601, India.  5: Environ, 88 VilCom Circle, Suite 185, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States.  6: Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61826-9005, United States.; Source Info: 1/15/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p658; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ANEMOMETER; Subject Term: DUST -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL research; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es101904q
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duraj, Stan A.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
AU  - Woloszynek, Robert
AU  - Protasiewicz, John D.
AU  - Dequeant, Michael
AU  - Ren, Tong
T1  - Synthesis of two new group 13 benzoato–chloro complexes: A structural study of gallium and indium chelating carboxylates
JO  - Inorganica Chimica Acta
JF  - Inorganica Chimica Acta
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 365
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 60
SN  - 00201693
AB  - Abstract: Two new heteroleptic chelated-benzoato gallium (III) and indium (III) complexes have been prepared and structurally characterized. The molecular structures of [GaCl2(4-Mepy)2(O2CPh)]·4-Mepy (1) and [InCl(4-Mepy)2(O2CPh)2]·4-Mepy (2) have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The gallium compound (1) is a distorted octahedron with cis-chloride ligands co-planar with the chelating benzoate and the 4-methylpyridines trans to each other. This is the first example of a Ga(III) structure with a chelating benzoate. The indium compound (2) is a distorted pentagonal bipyramid with two chelating benzoates, one 4-methylpyridine in the plane and a chloride trans to the other 4-methylpyridine. The indium bis-benzoate is an unusual example of a seven-coordinate structure with classical ligands. Both complexes, which due to the chelates, could also be described as pseudo-trigonal bipyramidal, include a three-bladed motif with three roughly parallel aromatic rings that along with a solvent of crystallization and electron-withdrawing chloride ligand(s) stabilize the solid-state structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Inorganica Chimica Acta is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry)
KW  - METAL complexes
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - GALLIUM (Metal)
KW  - INDIUM
KW  - CARBOXYLIC acids
KW  - SOLID state chemistry
KW  - LIGANDS
KW  - Benzoate
KW  - Carboxylate
KW  - Chelate
KW  - Gallium
KW  - Indium
KW  - Structure
N1  - Accession Number: 57143849; Duraj, Stan A. 1; Email Address: s.duraj@csuohio.edu Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: Aloysius.F.Hepp@nasa.gov Woloszynek, Robert 3 Protasiewicz, John D. 3; Email Address: protasiewicz@case.edu Dequeant, Michael 4; Email Address: dequeant@hendrix.edu Ren, Tong 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Hendrix College, Conway, AR 72032, USA  5: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 365 Issue 1, p54; Subject Term: ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry); Subject Term: METAL complexes; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: GALLIUM (Metal); Subject Term: INDIUM; Subject Term: CARBOXYLIC acids; Subject Term: SOLID state chemistry; Subject Term: LIGANDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benzoate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carboxylate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chelate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gallium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ica.2010.08.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lohn, Andrew J.
AU  - Li, Xuema
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Epitaxial growth of ensembles of indium phosphide nanowires on various non-single crystal substrates using an amorphous template layer
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 315
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 159
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: Indium phosphide (InP) nanowires were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) surfaces prepared on various non-single crystal substrates. Structural and chemical properties of the nanowires were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, elucidating the effect of varying the non-single crystal substrate on nanowire growth. A technique for growing InP nanowires on various non-single crystal substrates, including metals and dielectrics was demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDIUM phosphide
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - CHEMICAL templates
KW  - METAL organic chemical vapor deposition
KW  - SILICON
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - A1. Nanostructures
KW  - A3. Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy
KW  - B1. Nanomaterials
KW  - B2. Semiconducting III–V materials
N1  - Accession Number: 57860705; Lohn, Andrew J. 1,2; Email Address: drewlohn@gmail.com Li, Xuema 3 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.  2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz—NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Information and Quantum Systems Laboratory, Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94034, USA.; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 315 Issue 1, p157; Subject Term: INDIUM phosphide; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: CHEMICAL templates; Subject Term: METAL organic chemical vapor deposition; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Metal organic vapor phase epitaxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. Nanomaterials; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. Semiconducting III–V materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2010.08.050
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ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Hua, Dengxin
AU  - Videen, Gorden
T1  - The 1st International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 153
EP  - 154
SN  - 00224073
N1  - Accession Number: 55514479; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: Wenbo.Sun-1@nasa.gov Liu, Zhaoyan 2 Lin, Bing 3 Hua, Dengxin 4 Videen, Gorden 5; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  4: Xi'an University of Technology, China  5: US Army Research Laboratory, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p153; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.11.003
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bi, Lei
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
T1  - Diffraction and external reflection by dielectric faceted particles
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 173
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The scattering of light by dielectric particles much larger than the wavelength of incident light is attributed to diffraction, external reflection and outgoing refracted waves. This paper focuses on diffraction and external reflection by faceted particles, which can be calculated semi-analytically based on physical optics. Three approximate methods; the surface-integral method (SIM), the volume-integral method (VIM), and the diffraction plus reflection pattern from ray optics (DPR) are compared. Four elements of the amplitude scattering matrix in the SIM and the VIM are presented in an explicit form. Of interest is that diffraction and external reflection are separable in the SIM, whereas they are combined in the VIM. A feature of zero forward reflection is noticed in the SIM. The applicability of the DPR method is restricted to particles with random orientations. In the manner of van de Hulst, we develop a new technique to compute the reflection pattern of randomly oriented convex particles using spheres with the same refractive index, resulting in an improvement in the precision of the reflection calculation in near-forward and near-backward directions. The accuracy of the aforementioned three methods is investigated by comparing their results with those from the discrete-dipole-approximation (DDA) method for hexagonal particles at the refractive index of 1.3+i1.0. For particles with fixed orientations, it is found that the SIM and the VIM are comparable in accuracy and applicable when the size parameter is on the order of 20. The ray-spreading effect on the phase function is evident from the results of various size parameters. For randomly oriented particles, the DPR is more efficient than the SIM and the VIM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - Diffraction
KW  - External reflection
KW  - Hexagonal ice crystal
KW  - Scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 55514481; Bi, Lei 1; Email Address: bilei@tamu.edu Yang, Ping 2 Kattawar, George W. 1 Hu, Yongxiang 3 Baum, Bryan A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1225 West Dayton St., Madison, WI 53706, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p163; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: External reflection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hexagonal ice crystal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.02.007
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Videen, Gorden
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Fu, Qiang
T1  - Beyond Snel's law: Refraction of a nano-beam of light
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 174
EP  - 176
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The refraction of a localized narrow beam is significantly different from that of a plane wave. As the beam width decreases to be in the order of the wavelength, the refraction behavior deviates noticeably from Snel''s law, and when the width of a light beam is smaller than about one fifth of the wavelength of the incident light, finite-difference time-domain simulations demonstrate that refraction becomes negligible. That is, the narrow light beam retains its propagation direction even after entering another medium at an oblique angle. The result reveals novel features of nano-beams and may have applications in precise biomedical measurement or micro optical device. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFRACTION (Optics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - TIME-domain analysis
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - Narrow beam
KW  - Refraction
KW  - Snel's law
N1  - Accession Number: 55514482; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: w.sun@larc.nasa.gov Videen, Gorden 2 Lin, Bing 3 Hu, Yongxiang 3 Fu, Qiang 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, WA 98195, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p174; Subject Term: REFRACTION (Optics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: TIME-domain analysis; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Narrow beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snel's law; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.03.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55514482&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Fan, Tai-Fang
T1  - Can climate sensitivity be estimated from short-term relationships of top-of-atmosphere net radiation and surface temperature?
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 181
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Increasing the knowledge in climate radiative feedbacks is critical for current climate studies. This work focuses on short-term relationships between global mean surface temperature and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) net radiation. The relationships may be used to characterize the climate feedback as suggested by some recent studies. As those recent studies, an energy balance model with ocean mixed layer and both radiative and non-radiative heat sources is used here. The significant improvement of current model is that climate system memories are considered. Based on model simulations, short-term relationship between global mean surface temperature and TOA net radiation (or the linear striation feature as suggested by previous studies) might represent climate feedbacks when the system had no memories. However, climate systems with the same short-term feedbacks but different memories would have a similar linear striation feature. This linear striation feature reflects only fast components of climate feedbacks and may not represent the total climate feedback even when the memory length of climate systems is minimal. The potential errors in the use of short-term relationships in estimations of climate sensitivity could be big. In short time scales, fast climate processes may overwhelm long-term climate feedbacks. Thus, the climate radiative feedback parameter obtained from short-term data may not provide a reliable estimate of climate sensitivity. This result also suggests that long-term observations of global surface temperature and TOA radiation are critical in the understanding of climate feedbacks and sensitivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - Climate feedback
KW  - Energy balance
KW  - Top-of-atmosphere net radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 55514483; Lin, Bing 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov Min, Qilong 2 Sun, Wenbo 3 Hu, Yongxiang 1 Fan, Tai-Fang 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: State University of New York at Albany, Albany, NY 12222, USA  3: SSAI, One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p177; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Top-of-atmosphere net radiation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.03.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55514483&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Videen, Gorden
T1  - The impact of ice cloud particle microphysics on the uncertainty of ice water content retrievals
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 189
EP  - 196
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Ice water content (IWC) is a standard product of cloud radar measurements. In this work, cloud radar cross-sections of various ice clouds are modeled to examine the relationship between the radar signal and the IWC. We report that using backscatter signal at cloud radar wavelength to retrieve IWC results in large uncertainties. Particle size distribution is the primary cause for the uncertainty in the retrieved IWC at radar wavelengths, though particle shape and orientation also play significant roles. Particularly in this study, we demonstrate that using both transmitted waves through the clouds (extinction) and backscattered waves from the clouds to retrieve the mean particle size and then using the mean particle size for IWC retrieval reduces the uncertainty. IWC retrieval can be improved with size distribution derived from dual wavelength cloud radar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - RADAR meteorology
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - Cloud radar
KW  - Ice clouds
KW  - Ice water content
N1  - Accession Number: 55514485; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: w.sun@larc.nasa.gov Hu, Yongxiang 2 Lin, Bing 2 Liu, Zhaoyan 3 Videen, Gorden 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  4: Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p189; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: RADAR meteorology; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice water content; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.04.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55514485&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Trepte, Charles
AU  - Hu, Yong
AU  - Powell, Kathleen
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Lin, Bing
T1  - Effective lidar ratios of dense dust layers over North Africa derived from the CALIOP measurements
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 204
EP  - 213
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Lidar ratio (i.e., extinction-to-backscatter ratio) is a key parameter required for retrieving extinction profiles and optical depths from elastic backscatter lidar measurements, and the quality of any extinction retrieval depends critically on the accuracy of the assumed or measured lidar ratio. In this study, we analyze the first two and a half years of the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data acquired during nighttime. Distributions of the effective lidar ratio (ELR), which is the product of the lidar ratio and an instrument-dependent multiple scattering factor, are derived for opaque dust layers observed by CALIOP over the North Africa. The median and mean ELR values are, respectively, 36.4 and 38.5sr at 532nm and 47.7 and 50.3sr at 1064nm. For these opaque dust layers, the derived ELR decreases as the volume depolarization ratio (VDR) increases, reflecting the impact of multiple scattering within the dense layers. The particulate depolarization ratio is typically ∼0.3 at 532nm for African dust observed by CALIOP. This ratio can increase to ∼0.4 in the presence of significant multiple scattering. Correspondingly, the calculated ELR will decrease to ∼20sr at 532nm and to ∼30sr at 1064nm. The median and mean effective lidar ratio values approach, respectively, to 38 and 40sr at 532nm and 52 and 55sr at 1064nm for smaller VDR values measured in less dense layers where the multiple scattering is relatively insignificant. These values are very close to those derived in previous case studies for moderately dense dust. Case studies are also performed to examine the impacts of multiple scattering. The results obtained are generally consistent with Monte-Carlo simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - DUST
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - NORTH Africa
KW  - CALIOP
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Dust aerosol
KW  - Extinction to backscatter ratio
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Lidar ratio
KW  - Saharan dust
N1  - Accession Number: 55514487; Liu, Zhaoyan 1,2; Email Address: zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov Winker, David 2 Omar, Ali 2 Vaughan, Mark 2 Trepte, Charles 2 Hu, Yong 2 Powell, Kathleen 2 Sun, Wenbo 2,3 Lin, Bing 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23693, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p204; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: NORTH Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIOP; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction to backscatter ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saharan dust; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.05.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55514487&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lawrence, Roland
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Harrah, Steve
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Hunt, Patrica
AU  - Lipp, Carl
T1  - Initial flight test results of differential absorption barometric radar for remote sensing of sea surface air pressure
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 247
EP  - 253
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The accuracy of numerical weather model predictions of the intensity and track of tropical storms may be significantly improved by large spatial coverage and frequent sampling of sea surface barometry. The availability of a radar operating at moderate-to-strong O2 absorption bands in the frequency range 50∼56GHz to remotely measure surface barometric pressure may provide such capability. At these frequencies, the strength of radar echoes from water surfaces has a strong gradient with frequencies owing to the absorption of atmospheric O2. Our recent research has developed a technique based on the use of a dual-frequency, O2-band radar to estimate surface barometric pressure from the measured attenuation due to O2. The ratio of reflected radar signals at multiple wavelengths is used to minimize the effect of microwave absorption by liquid water and water vapor in the atmosphere, and the influences of sea surface reflection over the frequency of operation. A demonstration instrument has been developed to verify the differential O2 absorption measurement approach. Recent test flights to evaluate the in-flight performance of the demonstration instrument have been completed. The measured radar return and differential O2 absorption show good agreement with the modeled results. These flight test results are consistent with our instrumentation goal of ±5mb uncertainty and indicate that our proposed differential absorption measurement approach may provide a useful measurement of sea surface pressure. Future test flights will provide higher altitude data and assess the precision of the sea surface pressure measurement for the existing demonstration radar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Measurement
KW  - RADAR meteorology
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - MICROWAVE remote sensing
KW  - GASES -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - Atmospheric pressure
KW  - Differential absorption radar
KW  - Microwave differential absorption
KW  - Microwave remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 55514492; Lawrence, Roland 1; Email Address: rlawrenc@odu.edu Lin, Bing 2; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov Harrah, Steve 2; Email Address: steven.harrah-1@nasa.gov Hu, Yongxiang 2 Hunt, Patrica 3 Lipp, Carl 4; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Locheed Martin Engineering Services, Hampton, VA, USA  4: ATK, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p247; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Measurement; Subject Term: RADAR meteorology; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: MICROWAVE remote sensing; Subject Term: GASES -- Absorption & adsorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Differential absorption radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave differential absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.06.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55514492&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Jiming
AU  - Yi, Yuhong
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Huang, Jianping
AU  - Yan, Hongru
AU  - Ma, Yuejie
AU  - Wang, Wencai
AU  - Kirk Ayers, J.
T1  - Radiative effect differences between multi-layered and single-layer clouds derived from CERES, CALIPSO, and CloudSat data
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/01/15/
VL  - 112
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 361
EP  - 375
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Clouds alter general circulation through modification of the radiative heating profile within the atmosphere. Their effects are complex and depend on height, vertical structure, and phase. The instantaneous cloud radiative effect (CRE) induced by multi-layered (ML) and single-layer (SL) clouds is estimated by analyzing data collected by the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), CloudSat, and Clouds and Earth’s Radiation Energy Budget System (CERES) missions from March 2007 through February 2008. The CRE differences between ML and SL clouds at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and at the surface were also examined. The zonal mean shortwave (SW) CRE differences between the ML and SL clouds at the TOA and surface were positive at most latitudes, peaking at 120Wm−2 in the tropics and dropping to −30Wm−2 at higher latitudes. This indicated that the ML clouds usually reflected less sunlight at the TOA and transmitted more to the surface than the SL clouds, due to their higher cloud top heights. The zonal mean longwave (LW) CRE differences between ML and SL clouds at the TOA and surface were relatively small, ranging from −30 to 30Wm−2. This showed that the ML clouds only increased the amount of thermal radiation at the TOA relative to the SL clouds in the tropics, decreasing it elsewhere. In other words, ML clouds tended to cool the atmosphere in the tropics and warm it elsewhere when compared to SL clouds. The zonal mean net CRE differences were positive at most latitudes and dominated by the SW CRE differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - RADAR meteorology
KW  - TROPICAL meteorology
KW  - Cloud radiative effect
KW  - Layer thickness
KW  - Layer top (base) height
KW  - Multi-layered cloud
KW  - Single-layer cloud
N1  - Accession Number: 55514504; Li, Jiming 1 Yi, Yuhong 2; Email Address: yuhong.yi-1@nasa.gov Minnis, Patrick 3 Huang, Jianping 1 Yan, Hongru 1 Ma, Yuejie 1 Wang, Wencai 1 Kirk Ayers, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China  2: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 112 Issue 2, p361; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: RADAR meteorology; Subject Term: TROPICAL meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud radiative effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Layer thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Layer top (base) height; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-layered cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-layer cloud; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.10.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55514504&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - da Costa, A. A.
AU  - Diver, D. A.
AU  - Laing, E. W.
AU  - Stark, C. R.
AU  - Teodoro, L. F. A.
T1  - Pulsar electrodynamics: Relativistic kinetic theory of radiative plasmas—collective phenomena and their radiation.
JO  - Physical Review D: Particles, Fields, Gravitation & Cosmology
JF  - Physical Review D: Particles, Fields, Gravitation & Cosmology
Y1  - 2011/01/21/
VL  - 83
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 23013:1
EP  - 23013:16
SN  - 15507998
AB  - The classical modeling of radiation by accelerated charged particles in pulsars predicts a cutoff in photon energy at around 25 GeV. While this is broadly consistent with observations, the classical treatment is not self-consistent, and cannot be extended to explain the rare high-energy detections of photons in the 100s of GeV range. In this paper we revisit the theoretical modeling of high-energy radiation processes in very strong electromagnetic fields, in the context of both single particles and collective plasmas. There are no classical constraints on this description. We find that there is indeed a critical energy of around 50 GeV that arises naturally in this self-consistent treatment, but rather than being a cutoff, this critical energy signals a transition from radiation that is classical to a quasiquantum description, in which the particle is able to radiate almost its total energy in a single event. This new modeling therefore places pulsar radiation processes on a more secure physical basis, and admits the possibility of the production of TeV photons in a self-consistent way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review D: Particles, Fields, Gravitation & Cosmology is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSARS
KW  - PLASMA electrodynamics
KW  - RELATIVISTIC kinematics
KW  - RELATIVITY (Physics)
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 66873385; da Costa, A. A. 1,2 Diver, D. A. 2 Laing, E. W. 2 Stark, C. R. 2,3 Teodoro, L. F. A. 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Secção de Telecomunicações, Departmento de Engenharia Electroténica e Computadores, Instituto Superior Técnico-UTL, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal  2: SUPA, School of Physics Astronomy, Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, United Kingdom  3: School of Mathematics Statistics, University of St. Andrews, Mathematical Institute, St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, Scotland, United Kingdom  4: BAER, Space Sciences Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett, California 94935-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 83 Issue 2, p23013:1; Subject Term: PULSARS; Subject Term: PLASMA electrodynamics; Subject Term: RELATIVISTIC kinematics; Subject Term: RELATIVITY (Physics); Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevD.83.023013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66873385&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Tapan G.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
AU  - Keblinski, Pawel
T1  - Modeling initial stage of phenolic pyrolysis: Graphitic precursor formation and interfacial effects
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2011/01/21/
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 577
EP  - 585
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Reactive molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the initial stage of pyrolysis of phenolic polymers with carbon nanotube and carbon fiber. The products formed are characterized and water is found to be the primary product in all cases. The water formation mechanisms are analyzed and the value of the activation energy for water formation is estimated. A detailed study of graphitic precursor formation reveals the presence of two temperature zones. In the lower temperature zone (<2000 K) polymerization occurs resulting in the formation of large, stable graphitic precursors, while in the high temperature zone (>2000 K) polymer scission results in formation of short polymer chains/molecules. Simulations performed in the high temperature zone of the phenolic resin (with carbon nanotubes and carbon fibers) show that the presence of interfaces does not have a substantial effect on the chain scission rate or the activation energy value for water formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - WATER
KW  - CARBONIZATION
KW  - Carbonization
KW  - Polymer pyrolysis
KW  - Reactive molecular dynamics simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 57372329; Desai, Tapan G. 1; Email Address: tapan.desai@1-act.com Lawson, John W. 2 Keblinski, Pawel 3; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc., Lancaster, PA 17601, USA  2: Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p577; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: CARBONIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbonization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer pyrolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive molecular dynamics simulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.11.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57372329&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Rovibrational spectra of ammonia. I. Unprecedented accuracy of a potential energy surface used with nonadiabatic corrections.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2011/01/28/
VL  - 134
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 044320
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - In this work, we build upon our previous work on the theoretical spectroscopy of ammonia, NH3. Compared to our 2008 study, we include more physics in our rovibrational calculations and more experimental data in the refinement procedure, and these enable us to produce a potential energy surface (PES) of unprecedented accuracy. We call this the HSL-2 PES. The additional physics we include is a second-order correction for the breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, and we find it to be critical for improved results. By including experimental data for higher rotational levels in the refinement procedure, we were able to greatly reduce our systematic errors for the rotational dependence of our predictions. These additions together lead to a significantly improved total angular momentum (J) dependence in our computed rovibrational energies. The root-mean-square error between our predictions using the HSL-2 PES and the reliable energy levels from the HITRAN database for J = 0-6 and J = 7/8 for 14NH3 is only 0.015 cm-1 and 0.020/0.023 cm-1, respectively. The root-mean-square errors for the characteristic inversion splittings are approximately 1/3 smaller than those for energy levels. The root-mean-square error for the 6002 J = 0-8 transition energies is 0.020 cm-1. Overall, for J = 0-8, the spectroscopic data computed with HSL-2 is roughly an order of magnitude more accurate relative to our previous best ammonia PES (denoted HSL-1). These impressive numbers are eclipsed only by the root-mean-square error between our predictions for purely rotational transition energies of 15NH3 and the highly accurate Cologne database (CDMS): 0.00034 cm-1 (10 MHz), in other words, 2 orders of magnitude smaller. In addition, we identify a deficiency in the 15NH3 energy levels determined from a model of the experimental data . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
KW  - BORN-Oppenheimer approximation
N1  - Accession Number: 57679458; Huang, Xinchuan 1 Schwenke, David W. 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  2: MS T27B-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001,  3: MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001,; Source Info: 1/28/2011, Vol. 134 Issue 4, p044320; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Subject Term: BORN-Oppenheimer approximation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3541351
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Rovibrational spectra of ammonia. II. Detailed analysis, comparison, and prediction of spectroscopic assignments for 14NH3,15NH3, and 14ND3.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2011/01/28/
VL  - 134
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 044321
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Several aspects of ammonia rovibrational spectra have been investigated using the new HSL-2 potential energy surface that includes an approximate correction for nonadiabatic effects. The unprecedented accuracy of rovibrational energy levels and transition energies computed using HSL-2 was demonstrated in Part I of this study. For 14NH3, new assignments for a few ν3 + ν4 band transitions and energy levels are suggested, and discrepancies between computed and HITRAN energy levels in the 2ν4 band are analyzed (2ν4 is the most difficult band below 5000 cm-1). New assignments are suggested for existing or missing 2ν4 levels. Several new vibrational bands are identified from existing, unassigned HITRAN data, including 2ν2 + ν4, (ν3 + ν4) -A′/A″, ν1 + 2ν2, and 2ν2 + 2ν4. The strong mixing between the 2ν4 and 2ν2 + ν4 bands is carefully examined and found to be the source of the difficulties in the experimental modeling of 2ν4. Discussion is presented for preliminary J = 10 results, where the overall root-mean-square error is estimated to be less than 0.039 cm-1. The analysis of the 4ν2 band demonstrates both the reliability and the accuracy of predictions from HSL-2. The full list of computed J = 0 band origins (with assignments) and the inversion splittings up to 7000-8000 cm-1 above the zero-point energy are presented. J = 0-2 levels are reported for those bands below 5100 cm-1 that are missing from the HITRAN database. For 15NH3, excellent agreement is found for the available ν2 and ν3 + ν4(E) transition energies, but significant deficiencies are shown for HITRAN levels and several corrections are suggested. The 15N isotopic effects are presented for the J = 0-6 levels of 13 HITRAN bands. For 14ND3, we reproduce the pure rotational inversion spectra line frequencies with an accuracy similar to that for 14NH3. However, it is not possible to reproduce simultaneously all four pairs of inversion-split vibrational fundamentals to better than 0.05 cm-1 uncertainty. It is suggested that a reanalysis of some suspicious 14ND3 fundamental bands is required. The analyses presented here and in Part I show that rovibrational energy levels and transition frequencies computed with HSL-2 (with nonadiabatic corrections) remain highly accurate well beyond the experimental data used in the refinement procedure. Calculations using HSL-2 are capable of revealing many deficiencies in experimental analyses of ammonia spectra and provide reliable predictions with similar accuracy. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful in the future interpretation of high-resolution spectra from laboratory experiments or from astronomical observations. The present work represents a very significant advance in the state of our knowledge of the spectroscopy of ammonia and its isotopologues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - ENERGY bands
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 57679459; Huang, Xinchuan 1 Schwenke, David W. 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  2: MS T27B-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001,  3: MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001,; Source Info: 1/28/2011, Vol. 134 Issue 4, p044321; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: ENERGY bands; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3541352
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricketts, Claire L.
AU  - Contreras, Cesar S.
AU  - Walker, Robert L.
AU  - Salama, Farid
T1  - The coupling of a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a cosmic simulation chamber: A powerful new tool for laboratory astrophysics
JO  - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
JF  - International Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Y1  - 2011/01/30/
VL  - 300
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
EP  - 30
SN  - 13873806
AB  - Abstract: The addition of an orthogonal reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ReTOF-MS) to the NASA Ames cosmic simulation chamber (CSC) experiment is described. The simulation chamber contains the elements that produce the molecular species under astrophysically relevant conditions. A pulsed discharge nozzle (PDN) produces ions, neutrals and radicals in a plasma discharge, which are then expanded and supersonically cooled into the chamber. The coupling of the ReTOF-MS to the CSC provides real-time identification of the species, including cations and neutrals, formed in the plasma, an insight into the chemical pathways of the species reacting in the plasma, and an efficient method for the quick determination of the species present in the plasma, which can then be probed spectroscopically with the cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS). The combination of the ReTOF-MS, CRDS and PDN components into a single instrument offers a powerful tool, which can be used to probe a variety of different astrophysical environments such as interstellar clouds and planetary atmospheres. The experimental details and representative mass spectra are presented for plasmas generated in combinations of argon and methane samples. These mass spectra show the unambiguous detection of externally generated ions from the plasma in the simulation chamber. In addition, the various spectra show evidence of fragmentation and bond forming reactivity, illustrating the impact of the composition of the plasma. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Mass Spectrometry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - ARGON
KW  - METHANE
KW  - Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS)
KW  - Interstellar medium (ISM)
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)
KW  - Pulsed discharge nozzle (PDN) source
KW  - Reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ReTOF-MS)
N1  - Accession Number: 57860614; Ricketts, Claire L. 1; Email Address: Claire.L.Ricketts@nasa.gov Contreras, Cesar S. 1; Email Address: Cesar.Contreras@nasa.gov Walker, Robert L. 1; Email Address: Robert.L.Walker@nasa.gov Salama, Farid; Email Address: Farid.Salama@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Astrophysics Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2011, Vol. 300 Issue 1, p26; Subject Term: TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: ARGON; Subject Term: METHANE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cavity ringdown spectroscopy (CRDS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar medium (ISM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH); Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulsed discharge nozzle (PDN) source; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ReTOF-MS); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.11.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57860614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vaillancourt, J. E.
AU  - Dowell, C. D.
AU  - Jones, T. J.
AU  - Novak, G.
AU  - Chuss, D. T.
AU  - Crutcher, R. M.
AU  - Dotson, J. L.
AU  - Harper, D. A.
AU  - Hildebrand, R. H.
AU  - Houde, M.
AU  - Krejny, M. M.
AU  - Lazarian, A.
AU  - Looney, L.
AU  - Stephens, I. M.
AU  - Tassis, K.
AU  - Werner, M. W.
T1  - FAR-INFRARED POLARIMETRY OF THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2011/01/31/
VL  - 52
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 262
SN  - 16334760
AB  - Polarimetry at far-infrared wavelengths is a key tool for studying physical processes on size scales ranging from interstellar dust grains to entire galaxies. A multi-wavelength continuum polarimeter at these wavelengths will allow studies of thermal dust polarization in an effort to constrain the grains' physical properties and test grain alignment theory. High spatial resolution (5-30 arcsec) and sensitive observations will measure the influence of magnetic fields on infrared cirrus clouds, the envelopes and disks of YSOs, outflows from both low- and high-mass star forming regions, and the relative strength of magnetic, gravitational, and turbulent effects in star- and cloud-formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - OPTICAL polarization -- Measurement
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 102444917; Vaillancourt, J. E. 1; Email Address: jvaillancourt@sofia.usra.edu Dowell, C. D. 2 Jones, T. J. 3 Novak, G. 4 Chuss, D. T. 5 Crutcher, R. M. 6 Dotson, J. L. 7 Harper, D. A. 8 Hildebrand, R. H. 8 Houde, M. 9 Krejny, M. M. 3 Lazarian, A. 10 Looney, L. 6 Stephens, I. M. 6 Tassis, K. 2 Werner, M. W. 2; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA  3: University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA  4: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  6: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  8: University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA  9: University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada  10: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 52, p259; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization -- Measurement; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1152042
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102444917&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richter, M. J.
AU  - Seifahrt, A.
AU  - McKelvey, M.
AU  - Zell, P.
T1  - THE ECHELON-CROSS-ECHELLE SPECTROGRAPH FOR SOFIA.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2011/01/31/
VL  - 52
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 266
SN  - 16334760
AB  - The Echelon-cross-Echelle Spectrograph (EXES), one of the first generation instruments for the Statospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) will provide a unique tool for examining the ISM and star formation. The EXES high spectral resolution mode, R ≤ 120 000 from 4.5 µm to 28.3 µm, is designed for line observations of gas-phase molecules. The improved atmospheric transmission guaranteed by SOFIA will make observations of molecules such as H2O and CH4 fairly routine. EXES will also have medium and low resolution modes to enable a wide range of science projects. EXES is a PI instrument open for collaborative proposals following the model of the successful TEXES instrument (Lacy et al. 2002). It is currently scheduled for first science flights on SOFIA in 2013. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
N1  - Accession Number: 102444918; Richter, M. J. 1 Seifahrt, A. 1 McKelvey, M. 2 Zell, P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, UC Davis, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, California 95616, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mo?ett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 52, p263; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1152043
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102444918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pon, A.
AU  - Johnstone, D.
AU  - Kaufman, M. J.
T1  - MOLECULAR TRACERS OF TURBULENT SHOCKS IN GMCS.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2011/01/31/
VL  - 52
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 296
SN  - 16334760
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - TURBULENT shear flow
N1  - Accession Number: 102444928; Pon, A. 1,2; Email Address: arpon@uvic.ca Johnstone, D. 1,2 Kaufman, M. J. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada  2: National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7, Canada  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  4: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 52, p295; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: TURBULENT shear flow; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1152054
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102444928&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, S.A.
AU  - Tweed, J.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - Miller, J.
AU  - Zeitlin, C.
AU  - Heilbronn, L.H.
T1  - Validation of a multi-layer Green’s function code for ion beam transport
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 533
EP  - 544
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: To meet the challenge of future deep space programs, an accurate and efficient engineering code for analyzing the shielding requirements against high-energy galactic heavy ion radiation is needed. In consequence, a new version of the HZETRN code capable of simulating high charge and energy (HZE) ions with either laboratory or space boundary conditions is currently under development. This code, GRNTRN, is based on a Green’s function approach to the solution of the one-dimensional Boltzmann transport equation and like its predecessor is deterministic in nature. The computational model consists of the lowest order asymptotic approximation followed by a Neumann series expansion with non-perturbative corrections. The physical description includes energy loss with straggling, nuclear attenuation, nuclear fragmentation with energy dispersion and down shift. Code validation in the laboratory environment is addressed by showing that GRNTRN accurately predicts energy loss spectra as measured by solid-state detectors in ion beam experiments with multi-layer targets. In order to verify and benchmark the code with space boundary conditions, measured particle fluxes are propagated through several thicknesses of shielding using both GRNTRN and the current version of HZETRN. The favorable agreement obtained indicates that GRNTRN accurately models the propagation of HZE ions in laboratory settings. It also compares very well with the extensively validated space environment HZETRN code and thus provides verification of the HZETRN propagator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - SPACE astronomy
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - NUCLEAR fragmentation
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - Botlzmann equation
KW  - Green’s function solution
KW  - HZE ion transport
KW  - Radiation transport
N1  - Accession Number: 57517755; Walker, S.A. 1 Tweed, J. 1; Email Address: jtweed@odu.edu Tripathi, R.K. 2 Badavi, F.F. 3 Miller, J. 4 Zeitlin, C. 5 Heilbronn, L.H. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  4: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Boulder, CO 80302, USA  6: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-2300, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p533; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: SPACE astronomy; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: NUCLEAR fragmentation; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Botlzmann equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Green’s function solution; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZE ion transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation transport; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.09.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57517755&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaul, Upender K.
T1  - Effect of Inflow Boundary Conditions on the Turbulence Solution in Internal Flows.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 426
EP  - 432
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses the effect of inflow boundary conditions on the turbulence solution in internal flow in channel and density field measurements of a supersonic impinging jet with microjet control. Two sets of simulations have been conducted to test a fully implicit algorithm. The factorization technique for the solution of transport equations in fluid dynamics is discussed.
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - VERY light jets
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 58774211; Kaul, Upender K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p426; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: VERY light jets; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050532
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=58774211&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kittaka, C.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Omar, A.
AU  - Remer, L. A.
T1  - Intercomparison of column aerosol optical depths from CALIPSO and MODIS-Aqua.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 141
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study which compares column aerosol optical depths derived from cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization (CALIOP) and MODIS-Aqua. It states that the study is based on the CALIOP Version 2 Aerosol Layer Product and MODIS Collection 5. It provides insight into quality of CALIOP aerosol data and discusses the methodologies used. It concludes that differences over land are seen to be larger over ocean and notes that the findings can be used for further studies.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 70104590; Kittaka, C. 1 Winker, D. M. 2; Email Address: david.m.winker@nasa.gov Vaughan, M. A. 2 Omar, A. 2 Remer, L. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p131; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-4-131-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roesch, A.
AU  - Wild, M.
AU  - Ohmura, A.
AU  - Dutton, E. G.
AU  - Long, C. N.
AU  - Zhang, T.
T1  - Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 339
EP  - 354
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study which investigates the spread in different algorithms that were used to compute monthly radiation means using Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) radiation records from 1 minute values. It discusses the results of the study which found that the computation of monthly means depends on the method used to account for missing data. It adds that the BSRN observations are reliable, however the value of future data can be increased by reducing data gap frequency.
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ANALYSIS of means
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - RECORDS
N1  - Accession Number: 70104602; Roesch, A. 1; Email Address: andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch Wild, M. 1 Ohmura, A. 1 Dutton, E. G. 2 Long, C. N. 3 Zhang, T. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland  2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory GMD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  3: Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 902 Batelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p339; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of means; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: RECORDS; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-4-339-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70104602&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - St. Dennis, J.E.
AU  - Venkataraman, Pradeep
AU  - He, Jibao
AU  - John, Vijay T.
AU  - Obrey, Stephen J.
AU  - Currier, Robert P.
AU  - Lebrón-Colón, Marisabel
AU  - Sola, Francisco J.
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
T1  - Rod-like carbon nanostructures produced by the direct pyrolysis of α-cyclodextrin
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Letter
SP  - 718
EP  - 722
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: Carbon nanostructures were produced by the direct pyrolysis of a cyclic glucose oligosaccharide (α-cyclodextrin) without the use of a metal catalyst. The nanorods evolve from surfaces of structureless carbon when the precursor is carbonized at 1000°C. The conversion of initially-obtained featureless carbon to the nanostructures can be controlled by the pyrolysis time. The nanorods are of diameters 14–40nm and consist of multiple disordered curved graphite layers with relatively short persistence lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - CARBON
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - CYCLODEXTRINS
KW  - OLIGOSACCHARIDES
KW  - METAL catalysts
KW  - CARBONIZATION
KW  - GRAPHITE
N1  - Accession Number: 55390376; St. Dennis, J.E. 1 Venkataraman, Pradeep 1 He, Jibao 2 John, Vijay T. 1; Email Address: vj@tulane.edu Obrey, Stephen J. 3 Currier, Robert P. 3 Lebrón-Colón, Marisabel 4 Sola, Francisco J. 4 Meador, Michael A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA  2: Coordinated Instrument Facility, Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Avenue, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA  3: Chemistry Division, MS J565, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  4: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p718; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: CYCLODEXTRINS; Subject Term: OLIGOSACCHARIDES; Subject Term: METAL catalysts; Subject Term: CARBONIZATION; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.09.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55390376&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferguson, Ian
AU  - Duffy, Philip
AU  - Phillips, Thomas
AU  - Liang, Xu
AU  - Dracup, John
AU  - Schubert, Siegfried
AU  - Pegion, Philip
T1  - Non-stationarity of the signal and noise characteristics of seasonal precipitation anomalies.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 36
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 739
EP  - 752
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - In order to improve seasonal-to-interannual precipitation forecasts and their application by decision makers, there is a clear need to understand when, where, and to what extent seasonal precipitation anomalies are driven by potentially predictable surface-atmosphere interactions versus to chaotic interannual atmospheric dynamics. Using a simple Monte Carlo approach, interannual variability and linear trends in the SST-forced signal and potential predictability of boreal winter precipitation anomalies is examined in an ensemble of twentieth century AGCM simulations. Signal and potential predictability are shown to be non-stationary over more than 80% of the globe, while chaotic noise is shown to be stationary over most of the globe. Correlation analysis with respect to magnitudes of the four leading modes of global SST variability suggests that interannual variability and trends in signal and potential predictability over 35% of the globe is associated with ENSO-related SST variability; signal and potential predictability are not significantly associated with SST modes characterized by a global SST trend, North Atlantic SST variability, and North Pacific SST variability, respectively. Results suggest that mechanisms other than SST variability contribute to the non-stationarity of signal and noise characteristics of hydroclimatic variability over mid- and high-latitude regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRECIPITATION anomalies
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Study & teaching
KW  - EL Nino Current
N1  - Accession Number: 57743162; Ferguson, Ian 1; Email Address: imfergus@mines.edu Duffy, Philip 2; Email Address: pduffy@climatecentral.org Phillips, Thomas 3; Email Address: phillips14@llnl.gov Liang, Xu 4; Email Address: xuliang@engr.pitt.edu Dracup, John 5; Email Address: dracup@ce.berkeley.edu Schubert, Siegfried 6; Email Address: siegfried.d.schubert@nasa.gov Pegion, Philip 7; Email Address: Phillip.Pegion@noaa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Geological Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden USA  2: Climate Central, Inc., Palo Alto USA  3: Program for Climate Model Diagnostics and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore USA  4: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh USA  5: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley USA  6: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt USA  7: Earth Systems Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 36 Issue 3/4, p739; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION anomalies; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: EL Nino Current; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-010-0850-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Urzay, Javier
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Theory of the propagation dynamics of spiral edges of diffusion flames in von Kármán swirling flows
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 158
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 255
EP  - 272
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: This analysis addresses the propagation of spiral edge flames found in von Kármán swirling flows induced in rotating porous-disk burners. In this configuration, a porous disk is spun at a constant angular velocity in an otherwise quiescent oxidizing atmosphere. Gaseous methane is injected through the disk pores and burns in a flat diffusion flame adjacent to the disk. Among other flame patterns experimentally found, a stable, rotating spiral flame is observed for sufficiently large rotation velocities and small fuel flow rates as a result of partial extinction of the underlying diffusion flame. The tip of the spiral can undergo a steady rotation for sufficiently large rotational velocities or small fuel flow rates, whereas a meandering tip in an epicycloidal trajectory is observed for smaller rotational velocities and larger fuel flow rates. A formulation of this problem is presented in the equidiffusional and thermodiffusive limits within the framework of one-step chemistry with large activation energies. Edge-flame propagation regimes are obtained by scaling analyses of the conservation equations and exemplified by numerical simulations of straight two-dimensional edge flames near a cold porous wall, for which lateral heat losses to the disk and large strains induce extinction of the trailing diffusion flame but are relatively unimportant in the front region, consistent with the existence of the cooling tail found in the experiments. The propagation dynamics of a steadily rotating spiral edge is studied in the large-core limit, for which the characteristic Markstein length is much smaller than the distance from the center at which the spiral tip is anchored. An asymptotic description of the edge tangential structure is obtained, spiral edge shapes are calculated, and an expression is found that relates the spiral rotational velocity to the rest of the parameters. A quasiestatic stability analysis of the edge shows that the edge curvature at extinction in the tip region is responsible for the stable tip anchoring at the core radius. Finally, experimental results are analyzed, and theoretical predictions are tested. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - FLAME
KW  - FUEL
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - FIRE extinction
KW  - CURVATURE
KW  - Edge flames
KW  - Flame extinction
KW  - Non-premixed combustion
KW  - Spiral waves
KW  - Swirling flows
KW  - Triple flames
N1  - Accession Number: 56499219; Urzay, Javier 1; Email Address: jurzay@ucsd.edu Nayagam, Vedha 2; Email Address: vedha.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov Williams, Forman A. 1; Email Address: faw@ucsd.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0411, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 158 Issue 2, p255; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: FUEL; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: CURVATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Edge flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-premixed combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spiral waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Swirling flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triple flames; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.08.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=56499219&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Hafez, M.
AU  - Kwak, D.
T1  - Preface
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00457930
N1  - Accession Number: 55498700; Hafez, M. 1; Email Address: mhafez@ucdavis.edu Kwak, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Davis, United States  2: NASA AMES Research Center, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p1; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.09.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kwak, Dochan
AU  - Kiris, Cetin
AU  - Housman, Jeffrey
T1  - Implicit methods for viscous incompressible flows
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 64
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: Numerical methods and simulation tools for incompressible flows have been advanced largely as a subset of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) discipline. Especially within the aerospace community, simulation of compressible flows has driven most of the development of computational algorithms and tools. This is due to the high level of accuracy desired for predicting aerodynamic performance of flight vehicles. Conversely, low-speed incompressible flow encountered in a wide range of fluid engineering problems has not typically required the same level of numerical accuracy. This practice of tolerating relatively low-fidelity solutions in engineering applications for incompressible flow has changed. As the design of flow devices becomes more sophisticated, a narrower margin of error is required. Accurate and robust CFD tools have become increasingly important in fluid engineering for incompressible and low-speed flow. Accuracy depends not only on numerical methods but also on flow physics and geometry modeling. For high-accuracy solutions, geometry modeling has to be very inclusive to capture the elliptic nature of incompressible flow resulting in large grid sizes. Therefore, in this article, implicit schemes or efficient time integration schemes for incompressible flow are reviewed from a CFD tool development point of view. Extension of the efficient solution procedures to arbitrary Mach number flows through a unified time-derivative preconditioning approach is also discussed. The unified implicit solution procedure is capable of solving low-speed compressible flows, transonic, as well as supersonic flows accurately and efficiently. Test cases demonstrating Mach-independent convergence are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Implicit methods
KW  - Incompressible flow
KW  - Numerical simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 55498707; Kwak, Dochan; Email Address: Dochan.Kwak@nasa.gov Kiris, Cetin 1 Housman, Jeffrey 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 258-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Implicit methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Incompressible flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical simulation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.09.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pulliam, T.H.
T1  - Development of implicit methods in CFD NASA Ames Research Center 1970s–1980s
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
EP  - 71
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: The focus here is on the early development (mid 1970s–1980s) at NASA Ames Research Center of implicit methods in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A class of implicit finite difference schemes of the Beam and Warming approximate factorization type will be addressed. The emphasis will be on the Euler equations. A review of material pertinent to the solution of the Euler equations within the framework of implicit methods will be presented. The eigensystem of the equations will be used extensively in developing a framework for various methods applied to the Euler equations. The development and analysis of various aspects of this class of schemes will be given along with the motivations behind many of the choices. Various acceleration and efficiency modifications such as matrix reduction, diagonalization and flux split schemes will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - APPROXIMATION algorithms
KW  - YANG-Baxter equation
KW  - ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
KW  - TRIANGULARIZATION (Mathematics)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Approximate factorization
KW  - CFD
KW  - Implicit finite differences
KW  - Numerical methods
KW  - AMES Research Center
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 55498708; Pulliam, T.H. 1; Email Address: Thomas.H.Pulliam@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: MS 258-2, NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p65; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION algorithms; Subject Term: YANG-Baxter equation; Subject Term: ACCELERATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: TRIANGULARIZATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Approximate factorization; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Implicit finite differences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical methods; Company/Entity: AMES Research Center Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.09.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55498708&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, James L.
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Nishikawa, Hiroaki
T1  - A critical study of agglomerated multigrid methods for diffusion on highly-stretched grids
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 93
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: Agglomerated multigrid methods for unstructured grids are studied critically for solving a model diffusion equation on highly-stretched grids typical of practical viscous simulations, following a previous work focused on isotropic grids. Different primal elements, including prismatic and tetrahedral elements in three dimensions, are considered. The components of an efficient node-centered full-coarsening multigrid scheme are identified and assessed using quantitative analysis methods. Fast grid-independent convergence is demonstrated for mixed-element grids composed of tetrahedral elements in the isotropic regions and prismatic elements in the highly-stretched regions. Implicit lines natural to advancing-layer/advancing-front grid generation techniques are essential elements of both relaxation and agglomeration. On agglomerated grids, consistent average-least-square discretizations augmented with edge-directional gradients to increase h-ellipticity of the operator are used. Simpler (edge-terms-only) coarse-grid discretizations are also studied and shown to produce grid-dependent convergence – only effective on grids with minimal skewing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AGGLOMERATION (Materials)
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - Agglomeration
KW  - Analysis
KW  - Diffusion
KW  - Multigrid
KW  - Unstructured
N1  - Accession Number: 55498710; Thomas, James L. 1; Email Address: James.L.Thomas@nasa.gov Diskin, Boris 2; Email Address: bdiskin@nianet.org Nishikawa, Hiroaki 2; Email Address: hiro@nianet.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Computational AeroSciences Branch, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p82; Subject Term: AGGLOMERATION (Materials); Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: HEAT equation; Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Agglomeration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multigrid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unstructured; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.09.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ma, Wenping
AU  - Jacobs, Gary
AU  - Sparks, Dennis E.
AU  - Gnanamani, Muthu K.
AU  - Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao
AU  - Yen, Chia H.
AU  - Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S.
AU  - Tomsik, Thomas M.
AU  - Davis, Burtron H.
T1  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Support and cobalt cluster size effects on kinetics over Co/Al2O3 and Co/SiO2 catalysts
JO  - Fuel
JF  - Fuel
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 756
EP  - 765
SN  - 00162361
AB  - Abstract: The influence of support type and cobalt cluster size (i.e., with average diameters falling within the range of 8–40nm) on the kinetics of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FT) were investigated by kinetic tests employing a CSTR and two Co/γ-Al2O3 catalysts having different average pore sizes, and two Co/SiO2 catalysts prepared on the same support but having different loadings. A kinetic model that contains a water effect constant “m” was used to fit the experimental data obtained with all four catalysts. Kinetic parameters suggest that both support type and average Co particle size impact FT behavior. Cobalt cluster size influenced kinetic parameters such as reaction order, rate constant, and the water effect parameter. In the cluster size range studied, decreasing the average Co cluster diameter by about 30% led to an increase in the intrinsic reaction rate constant k, defined on a per g of catalyst basis, by 62–102% for the γ-Al2O3 and SiO2-supported cobalt catalysts. This increase was due to the higher active Co0 surface site density as measured by hydrogen chemisorption. Moreover, less inhibition by adsorbed CO and greater H2 dissociation on catalysts having smaller Co particles was suggested by the higher a and lower b values obtained for the measured reaction orders. Interestingly, irrespective of support type, the catalysts having smaller average Co particles were more sensitive to water. Comparing the catalysts having strong interactions between cobalt and support (Co/Al2O3) to the ones with weak interactions (Co/SiO2), the water effect parameters were found to be positive (indicating a negative influence on CO conversion) and negative (denoting a positive effect on CO conversion), respectively. No clear trend was observed for b values among the different supports, but greater a and a/b values were observed for both Al2O3-supported Co catalysts, implying greater inhibition of the FT rate by strongly adsorbed CO on Co/Al2O3 relative to Co/SiO2. For both supports, the order on P CO was always found to be negative (i.e., suggesting an inhibiting effect) and positive for for all four catalysts. The order of the reaction on was close to 0.5, suggesting that dissociated H2 is likely involved in the catalytic cycle. Finally, in the limited range of average pore diameters studied (13.5 and 18.2nm), the average pore size of the Al2O3-supported Co catalysts displayed no observable impact on the reaction rate or water effect, suggesting either that the reaction is kinetically controlled, or that the pore size difference was not significant enough to elicit a measurable response. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Fuel is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COBALT
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - CHEMISORPTION
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - Co cluster size effect
KW  - Cobalt catalyst
KW  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
KW  - Support effect
KW  - Water effect
N1  - Accession Number: 55390844; Ma, Wenping 1 Jacobs, Gary 1 Sparks, Dennis E. 1 Gnanamani, Muthu K. 1 Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao 1 Yen, Chia H. 2 Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S. 2 Tomsik, Thomas M. 2 Davis, Burtron H. 1; Email Address: davis@caer.uky.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 90 Issue 2, p756; Subject Term: COBALT; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: CHEMISORPTION; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Co cluster size effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cobalt catalyst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fischer–Tropsch synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Support effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.fuel.2010.10.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55390844&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
AU  - Aharonson, Oded
AU  - Asphaug, Erik
T1  - Geophysical consequences of planetary-scale impacts into a Mars-like planet
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 211
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 960
EP  - 985
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: All planetary bodies with old surfaces exhibit planetary-scale impact craters: vast scars caused by the large impacts at the end of Solar System accretion or the late heavy bombardment. Here we investigate the geophysical consequences of planetary-scale impacts into a Mars-like planet, by simulating the events using a smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) model. Our simulations probe impact energies over two orders of magnitude (2×1027–6×1029 J), impact velocities from the planet’s escape velocity to twice Mars’ orbital velocity (6–50km/s), and impact angles from head-on to highly oblique (0–75°). The simulation results confirm that for planetary-scale impacts, surface curvature, radial gravity, the large relative size of the impactor to the planet, and the greater penetration of the impactor, contribute to significant differences in the geophysical expression compared to small craters, which can effectively be treated as acting in a half-space. The results show that the excavated crustal cavity size and the total melt production scale similarly for both small and planetary-scale impacts as a function of impact energy. However, in planetary-scale impacts a significant fraction of the melt is sequestered at depth and thus does not contribute to resetting the planetary surface; complete surface resetting is likely only in the most energetic (6×1029 J), slow, and head-on impacts simulated. A crater rim is not present for planetary-scale impacts with energies >1029 J and angles ⩽45°, but rather the ejecta is more uniformly distributed over the planetary surface. Antipodal crustal removal and melting is present for energetic (>1029 J), fast (>6km/s), and low angle (⩽45°) impacts. The most massive impactors (with both high impact energy and low velocity) contribute sufficient angular momentum to increase the rotation period of the Mars-sized target to about a day. Impact velocities of >20km/s result in net mass erosion from the target, for all simulated energies and angles. The hypothesized impact origin of planetary structures may be tested by the presence and distribution of the geochemically-distinct impactor material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - BOMBARDMENT
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Accretion
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 57689905; Marinova, Margarita M. 1,2; Email Address: Margarita.M.Marinova@gmail.com Aharonson, Oded 1; Email Address: oa@gps.caltech.edu Asphaug, Erik 3; Email Address: easphaug@ucsc.edu; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Earth Sciences Dept., University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High St., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 211 Issue 2, p960; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: BOMBARDMENT; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.10.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, A.P.
AU  - Pratt, L.M.
AU  - Vishnivetskaya, T.
AU  - Pfiffner, S.
AU  - Bryan, R.A.
AU  - Dadachova, E.
AU  - Whyte, L.
AU  - Radtke, K.
AU  - Chan, E.
AU  - Tronick, S.
AU  - Borgonie, G.
AU  - Mancinelli, R.L.
AU  - Rothschild, L.J.
AU  - Rogoff, D.A.
AU  - Horikawa, D.D.
AU  - Onstott, T.C.
T1  - Extended survival of several organisms and amino acids under simulated martian surface conditions
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 211
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1162
EP  - 1178
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Recent orbital and landed missions have provided substantial evidence for ancient liquid water on the martian surface as well as evidence of more recent sedimentary deposits formed by water and/or ice. These observations raise serious questions regarding an independent origin and evolution of life on Mars. Future missions seek to identify signs of extinct martian biota in the form of biomarkers or morphological characteristics, but the inherent danger of spacecraft-borne terrestrial life makes the possibility of forward contamination a serious threat not only to the life detection experiments, but also to any extant martian ecosystem. A variety of cold and desiccation-tolerant organisms were exposed to 40days of simulated martian surface conditions while embedded within several centimeters of regolith simulant in order to ascertain the plausibility of such organisms’ survival as a function of environmental parameters and burial depth. Relevant amino acid biomarkers associated with terrestrial life were also analyzed in order to understand the feasibility of detecting chemical evidence for previous biological activity. Results indicate that stresses due to desiccation and oxidation were the primary deterrent to organism survival, and that the effects of UV-associated damage, diurnal temperature variations, and reactive atmospheric species were minimal. Organisms with resistance to desiccation and radiation environments showed increased levels of survival after the experiment compared to organisms characterized as psychrotolerant. Amino acid analysis indicated the presence of an oxidation mechanism that migrated downward through the samples during the course of the experiment and likely represents the formation of various oxidizing species at mineral surfaces as water vapor diffused through the regolith. Current sterilization protocols may specifically select for organisms best adapted to survival at the martian surface, namely species that show tolerance to radical-induced oxidative damage and low water activity environments. Additionally, any hypothetical martian ecosystems may have evolved similar physiological traits that allow sporadic metabolism during periods of increased water activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Mars
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Regoliths
KW  - Search for extraterrestrial life
N1  - Accession Number: 57689894; Johnson, A.P. 1; Email Address: adpjohns@indiana.edu Pratt, L.M. 2; Email Address: prattl@indiana.edu Vishnivetskaya, T. 3; Email Address: vishnivetsta@ornl.gov Pfiffner, S. 4; Email Address: pfiffner@utk.edu Bryan, R.A. 5; Email Address: rbryan@aecom.yu.edu Dadachova, E. 6; Email Address: ekaterina.dadachova@einstein.yu.edu Whyte, L. 7; Email Address: lyle.whyte@mcgill.ca Radtke, K. 7; Email Address: kristin.radtke@mail.mcgill.ca Chan, E. 8; Email Address: eric.chan@tamu.edu Tronick, S. 8; Email Address: shannon.tronick@gmail.com Borgonie, G. 9; Email Address: GBorgonie@gmail.com Mancinelli, R.L. 10; Email Address: rocco.l.mancinelli@nasa.gov Rothschild, L.J. 11; Email Address: lynn.j.rothschild@nasa.gov Rogoff, D.A. 12; Email Address: Dana.A.Rogoff@nasa.gov Horikawa, D.D. 13; Email Address: horikawadd@gmail.com Onstott, T.C. 8; Email Address: tullis@princeton.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10[th] Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States  2: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 E. 10[th] Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States  3: Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States  4: Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, 676 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37932, United States  5: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1575 Blondell Avenue, Room 103, Bronx, NY 10461, United States  6: Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1695A Eastchester Road, Bronx, NY 10461, United States  7: Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, 21,111 Lakeshore, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec, Canada H9X 3V9  8: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, B79 Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States  9: Department of Biology, Nematology Section, University of Ghent, Ldeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium  10: SETI Institute, 515 N. Whisman Rd., Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  11: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20, Moffat Field, CA 94035, United States  12: BAER Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Bldg. N239 Rm. 371, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  13: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffat Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 211 Issue 2, p1162; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search for extraterrestrial life; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhaduri, Kanishka
AU  - Stefanski, Mark D.
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
T1  - Privacy-Preserving Outlier Detection Through Random Nonlinear Data Distortion.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B
Y1  - 2011/02//02/01/2011
VL  - 41
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 272
SN  - 10834419
AB  - Consider a scenario in which the data owner has some private or sensitive data and wants a data miner to access them for studying important patterns without revealing the sensitive information. Privacy-preserving data mining aims to solve this problem by randomly transforming the data prior to their release to the data miners. Previous works only considered the case of linear data perturbations—additive, multiplicative, or a combination of both––for studying the usefulness of the perturbed output. In this paper, we discuss nonlinear data distortion using potentially nonlinear random data transformation and show how it can be useful for privacy-preserving anomaly detection from sensitive data sets. We develop bounds on the expected accuracy of the nonlinear distortion and also quantify privacy by using standard definitions. The highlight of this approach is to allow a user to control the amount of privacy by varying the degree of nonlinearity. We show how our general transformation can be used for anomaly detection in practice for two specific problem instances: a linear model and a popular nonlinear model using the sigmoid function. We also analyze the proposed nonlinear transformation in full generality and then show that, for specific cases, it is distance preserving. A main contribution of this paper is the discussion between the invertibility of a transformation and privacy preservation and the application of these techniques to outlier detection. The experiments conducted on real-life data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part B is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTLIERS (Statistics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - Data mining
KW  - Data privacy
KW  - Gaussian distribution
KW  - NASA
KW  - non-linear
KW  - Nonlinear distortion
KW  - perturbation
KW  - Privacy
KW  - privacy-preserving
KW  - Random variables
N1  - Accession Number: 57330776; Bhaduri, Kanishka 1 Stefanski, Mark D. 2 Srivastava, Ashok N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Mission Critical Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Electronic and Computer Engineering Department, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 02/01/2011, Vol. 41 Issue 1, p260; Subject Term: OUTLIERS (Statistics); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: DATA mining; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Data mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data privacy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-linear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear distortion; Author-Supplied Keyword: perturbation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Privacy; Author-Supplied Keyword: privacy-preserving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Random variables; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCB.2010.2051540
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57330776&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Modeling a Common-Source Amplifier Using a Ferroelectric Transistor.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 124
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 156
SN  - 10584587
AB  - This paper presents a mathematical model characterizing the behavior of a common-source (CS) amplifier using a ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET). The model is based on empirical data and incorporates several variables that affect the output, including frequency, load resistance, and gate-to-source voltage. Since the common-source amplifier is the most widely used amplifier in MOS technology, understanding and modeling the behavior of the FeFET-based common-source amplifier will help in the integration of FeFETs into many circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - TRANSITION metal oxides
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - common-source amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
N1  - Accession Number: 62610447; Sayyah, Rana 1 Hunt, Mitchell 1 MacLeod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 124 Issue 1, p147; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: TRANSITION metal oxides; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-source amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2011.573741
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Characterization of a Common-Source Amplifier Using Ferroelectric Transistors.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 124
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 166
SN  - 10584587
AB  - This paper presents empirical data that was collected through experiments using a FeFET in the established common-source amplifier circuit. The unique behavior of the FeFET lends itself to interesting and useful operation in this widely used common-source amplifier. The paper examines the effect of using a ferroelectric transistor for the amplifier. It also examines the effects of varying load resistance, biasing, and input voltages on the output signal and gives several examples of the output of the amplifier for a given input. The difference between a common-source amplifier using a ferroelectric transistor and that using a MOSFET is addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - TRANSISTOR amplifiers
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - TITANATES
KW  - common-source amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
N1  - Accession Number: 62610459; Hunt, Mitchell 1 Sayyah, Rana 1 MacLeod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 124 Issue 1, p157; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: TRANSISTOR amplifiers; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: TITANATES; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-source amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2011.573742
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liang, M. T. C.
AU  - Braun, W.
AU  - Bassin, S. L.
AU  - Dutto, D.
AU  - Pontello, A.
AU  - Wong, N. D.
AU  - Spalding, T. W.
AU  - Arnaud, S. B.
T1  - Effect of High-Impact Aerobics and Strength Training on BMD in Young Women Aged 20-35 Years.
JO  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 32
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 108
SN  - 01724622
AB  - To evaluate the effects of a 12-month exercise intervention using either high-impact step aerobic exercise or moderate-intensity strength training on areal bone mineral density (aBMD) we studied 51 untrained women, aged 20-35 years, for this study. Whole body and heel and wrist aBMD were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA, Hologic or PIXI Lunar). Subjects were randomly assigned to: impact-loaded step aerobic exercise (SA, n = 15), moderate-intensity lower body strength training (ST, n = 16) or non-exercise control (CON, n = 20). Data analysis only included those who completed 95% of each training routine and attended at least of all sessions. Group differences in aBMD, leg press strength and urinary cross-link deox- ypridinoline (uDPD) were analysed using analysis of variance. After a 12-month intervention, the SA elicited an increase in aBMD ofthe heel (4.4%, p<0.05) and leg press strength (15%, p<0.05), relative to baseline. Meanwhile, the ST showed an increase in leg press strength (48%, p<0.05) with no significant increase in aBMD at any measured site. Similar and unchanged uDPD was observed in all 3 groups at baseline, 6 and 12 months. In conclusion, a 12-month high-impact step aerobic exercise resulted in a significant increase in the heel aBMD in untrained young women, who complied with the exercise regimen. A moderate intensity strength training intervention of similar duration had no effect on aBMD although leg strength increased significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - cross-link deoxypridinoline
KW  - femoral neck BMD
KW  - heel and wrist BMD
KW  - leg press strength
KW  - untrained
KW  - young women
N1  - Accession Number: 90415222; Liang, M. T. C. 1; Email Address: mtcliang@csupomona.edu Braun, W. 1 Bassin, S. L. 2 Dutto, D. 3 Pontello, A. 4 Wong, N. D. 5 Spalding, T. W. 6 Arnaud, S. B. 7; Affiliation:  1: California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Kinesiology and Health Promotion, Pomona, United States  2: University of California Irvine, Cardiology, Irvine, United States  3: Eastern Oregon University, Physical Activity and Health, La Grande United States  4: University of California, Irvine, General Clinical Research Center, Irvine, United States  5: University of California, Irvine, Cardiology, Irvine, United States  6: Cal Poly Pomona, KHP, Pomona, United States  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Life Science, Moffett Field, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 32 Issue 2, p100; Author-Supplied Keyword: cross-link deoxypridinoline; Author-Supplied Keyword: femoral neck BMD; Author-Supplied Keyword: heel and wrist BMD; Author-Supplied Keyword: leg press strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: untrained; Author-Supplied Keyword: young women; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1055/s-0030-1268503
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90415222&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Samuel A.
AU  - Andrés, Luis San
T1  - A New Analysis Tool Assessment for Rotordynamic Modeling of Gas Foil Bearings.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 133
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 22505.1
EP  - 22505.9
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Gas foil bearings offer several advantages over traditional bearing types that make them attractive for use in high-speed turbomachinery. They can operate at very high temperatures, require no lubrication supply (oil pumps, seals, etc.), exhibit very long life with no maintenance, and once operating airborne, have very low power loss. The use of gas foil bearings in high-speed turbomachinery has been accelerating in recent years although the pace has been slow. One of the contributing factors to the slow growth has been a lack of analysis tools, benchmarked to measurements, to predict gas foil bearing behavior in rotating machinery. To address this shortcoming, NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has supported the development of analytical tools to predict gas foil bearing perfor- mance. One of the codes has the capability to predict rotordynamic coefficients, power loss, film thickness, structural deformation, and more. The current paper presents an assessment of the predictive capability of the code named XLGFBTH©. A test rig at GRC is used as a simulated case study to compare rotordynamic analysis using output from the code to actual rotor response as measured in the test rig. The test rig rotor is supported on two gas foil journal bearings manufactured at GRC with all pertinent geometry disclosed. The resulting comparison shows that the rotordynamic coefficients calculated using XLGFBTH© represent the dynamics of the system reasonably well especially as they pertain to predicting critical speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BEARINGS (Machinery)
KW  - ROLLING contact
KW  - MACHINERY
KW  - ROTORS -- Bearings
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
N1  - Accession Number: 57991675; Howard, Samuel A. 1; Email Address: samuel.a.howard@nasa.gov Andrés, Luis San 2; Email Address: Isanandres@tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135.  2: Mast-Childs Professor Fellow ASME Turbomachinery Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843.; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 133 Issue 2, p22505.1; Subject Term: BEARINGS (Machinery); Subject Term: ROLLING contact; Subject Term: MACHINERY; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Bearings; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423840 Industrial Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332991 Ball and Roller Bearing Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333999 All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417990 All other machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4001997
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SPIERING, BARRY A.
AU  - LEE, STUART M. C.
AU  - MULAVARA, AJITKUMAR P.
AU  - BENTLEY, JASON R.
AU  - BUXTON, ROXANNE E.
AU  - LAWRENCE, EMILY L.
AU  - JOSEPH SINKA
AU  - GUILLIAMS, MARK E.
AU  - PLOUTZ-SNYDER, LORI L.
AU  - BLOOMBERG, JACOB J.
T1  - TEST BATTERY DESIGNED TO QUICKLY AND SAFELY ASSESS DIVERSE INDICES OF NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION AFTER UNWEIGHTING.
JO  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JF  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 545
EP  - 555
SN  - 10648011
AB  - The article presents a set of exercise tests designed to provide a means of assessing neuromuscular function in subjects who have been unweighted for some time, due to spaceflight, bed rest, or immobilization. An overview of related previous research is provided, along with details of the tests, which include the use of leg exercise machines and bench pressing.
KW  - EXERCISE tests
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - MUSCLE strength -- Testing
KW  - NEUROMUSCULAR system
KW  - BED rest
KW  - LEG exercises
KW  - BENCH press
KW  - aging
KW  - muscle
KW  - power rehabilitation
KW  - spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 58834275; SPIERING, BARRY A. 1; Email Address: bspiering@fullerton.edu LEE, STUART M. C. 1 MULAVARA, AJITKUMAR P. 2 BENTLEY, JASON R. 1 BUXTON, ROXANNE E. 3 LAWRENCE, EMILY L. 1 JOSEPH SINKA 1 GUILLIAMS, MARK E. 1 PLOUTZ-SNYDER, LORI L. 2 BLOOMBERG, JACOB J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas.  2: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas.  3: University of Houston, Houston, Texas.  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p545; Subject Term: EXERCISE tests; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: MUSCLE strength -- Testing; Subject Term: NEUROMUSCULAR system; Subject Term: BED rest; Subject Term: LEG exercises; Subject Term: BENCH press; Author-Supplied Keyword: aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: muscle; Author-Supplied Keyword: power rehabilitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Atwell, William
AU  - Nealy, John E.
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
T1  - A deterministic electron, photon, proton and heavy ion transport suite for the study of the Jovian moon Europa
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 269
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 232
EP  - 238
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Abstract: A Langley research center (LaRC) developed deterministic suite of radiation transport codes describing the propagation of electron, photon, proton and heavy ion in condensed media is used to simulate the exposure from the spectral distribution of the aforementioned particles in the Jovian radiation environment. Based on the measurements by the Galileo probe (1995–2003) heavy ion counter (HIC), the choice of trapped heavy ions is limited to carbon, oxygen and sulfur (COS). The deterministic particle transport suite consists of a coupled electron photon algorithm (CEPTRN) and a coupled light heavy ion algorithm (HZETRN). The primary purpose for the development of the transport suite is to provide a means to the spacecraft design community to rapidly perform numerous repetitive calculations essential for electron, photon, proton and heavy ion exposure assessment in a complex space structure. In this paper, the reference radiation environment of the Galilean satellite Europa is used as a representative boundary condition to show the capabilities of the transport suite. While the transport suite can directly access the output electron and proton spectra of the Jovian environment as generated by the jet propulsion laboratory (JPL) Galileo interim radiation electron (GIRE) model of 2003; for the sake of relevance to the upcoming Europa Jupiter system mission (EJSM), the JPL provided Europa mission fluence spectrum, is used to produce the corresponding depth dose curve in silicon behind a default aluminum shield of 100 mils (∼0.7g/cm2). The transport suite can also accept a geometry describing ray traced thickness file from a computer aided design (CAD) package and calculate the total ionizing dose (TID) at a specific target point within the interior of the vehicle. In that regard, using a low fidelity CAD model of the Galileo probe generated by the authors, the transport suite was verified versus Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for orbits JOI–J35 of the Galileo probe extended mission. For the upcoming EJSM mission with an expected launch date of 2020, the transport suite is used to compute the depth dose profile for the traditional aluminum silicon as a standard shield target combination, as well as simulating the shielding response of a high charge number (Z) material such as tantalum (Ta). Finally, a shield optimization algorithm is discussed which can guide the instrument designers and fabrication personnel with the choice of graded-Z shield selection and analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ELECTRON transport
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - ION flow dynamics
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
KW  - CEPTRN
KW  - Europa
KW  - Galileo
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - TID
N1  - Accession Number: 57680778; Badavi, Francis F. 1; Email Address: francis.f.badavi@nasa.gov Blattnig, Steve R. 2; Email Address: steve.r.blattnig@nasa.gov Atwell, William 3; Email Address: william.atwell@boeing.com Nealy, John E. 4; Email Address: John.e.nealy@nasa.gov Norman, Ryan B. 5; Email Address: ryan.b.norman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Christopher Newport University, OSP, 1University Place, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: The Boeing Company, Research & Technology, Space Exploration, Houston, TX 77059, USA  4: Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  5: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 269 Issue 3, p232; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ELECTRON transport; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: ION flow dynamics; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: CEPTRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Europa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galileo; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: TID; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nimb.2010.12.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57680778&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, N. S.
AU  - Myers, D. L.
T1  - Active Oxidation of SiC.
JO  - Oxidation of Metals
JF  - Oxidation of Metals
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 75
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
SN  - 0030770X
AB  - Silicon carbide (SiC) forms a protective condensed-phase oxide (SiO) in passive oxidation and a volatile sub-oxide (SiO(g)) in active oxidation. The transition between these two modes of oxidation and the rates of active oxidation are critical issues. A literature review indicates that impurity effects, the difference between active-to-passive and passive-to-active transitions, and the effect of total pressure on these transitions remain unexplored for SiC. Measurements were made in a thermogravimetric apparatus (TGA) by changing oxygen potentials either by blending O/Ar mixtures or changing total pressures in a pure oxygen gas stream to the point where a transition occurs. Specimens were examined with standard optical and electron-optical techniques. Active-to-passive and passive-to-active transitions were measured and found to be similar for SiC, which is in contrast to pure Si. The similarity in SiC is attributed to SiC/SiO interfacial reactions producing the necessary conditions for passive scale formation (active-to-passive) or passive scale breakdown (passive-to-active). Comparable results were obtained in both the O/Ar and reduced total O pressure cases for SiC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oxidation of Metals is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - GRAVIMETRIC analysis
KW  - Active oxidation
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Silicon carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 57817466; Jacobson, N. S. 1; Email Address: nathan.s.jacobson@nasa.gov Myers, D. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: East Central University, Ada, OK 74820, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 75 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: GRAVIMETRIC analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11085-010-9216-4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57817466&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knysh, Sergey
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
AU  - Durkin, Gabriel A.
T1  - Scaling laws for precision in quantum interferometry and the bifurcation landscape of the optimal state.
JO  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 83
IS  - 2-A
M3  - Article
SP  - 21804:1
EP  - 21804:4
SN  - 10502947
AB  - Phase precision in optimal two-channel quantum interferometry is studied in the limit of large photon number N⪢1, for losses occurring in either one or both channels. For losses in one channel an optimal state undergoes an intriguing sequence of local bifurcations as the number of photons (or losses) increase. The optimal state has a continuous form in the Fock state basis for large N. The loss parameter limits any precision improvement over classical light to at most a constant factor independent of N. We determine a crossover value of photon number Nc beyond which supraclassical precision is progressively lost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCALING laws (Nuclear physics)
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - BIFURCATION theory
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - PHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 66718218; Knysh, Sergey 1; Email Address: Sergey.I.Knysh@nasa.gov Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. 1; Email Address: Vadim.N.Smelyanskiy@nasa.gov Durkin, Gabriel A. 1; Email Address: gabriel.durkin@qubit.org; Affiliation:  1: Quantum Laboratory, Applied Physics Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 83 Issue 2-A, p21804:1; Subject Term: SCALING laws (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: BIFURCATION theory; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevA.83.021804
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gough, R.V.
AU  - Turley, J.J.
AU  - Ferrell, G.R.
AU  - Cordova, K.E.
AU  - Wood, S.E.
AU  - DeHaan, D.O.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Toon, O.B.
AU  - Tolbert, M.A.
T1  - Can rapid loss and high variability of Martian methane be explained by surface H2O2?
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 238
EP  - 246
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: It has been reported by several groups that methane in the Martian atmosphere is both spatially and temporally variable. suggested that temperature dependent, reversible physical adsorption of methane onto Martian soils could explain this variability. However, it is also useful to consider if there might be chemical destruction of methane (and compensating sources) operating on seasonal time scales. The lifetime of Martian methane due to known chemical loss processes is long (on the order of hundreds of years). However, observations constrain the lifetime to be 4 years or less, and general circulation models suggest methane destruction must occur even faster (<1 year) to cause the reported variability and rapid disappearance. The Martian surface is known to be highly oxidizing based on the Viking Labeled Release experiments in which organic compounds were quickly oxidized by samples of the regolith. Here we test if simulated Martian soil is also oxidizing towards methane to determine if this is a relevant loss pathway for Martian methane. We find that although two of the analog surfaces studied, TiO2·H2O2 and JSC-Mars-1 with H2O2, were able to oxidize the complex organic compounds (sugars and amino acids) used in the Viking Labeled Release experiments, these analogs were unable to oxidize methane to carbon dioxide within a 72h experiment. Sodium and magnesium perchlorate, salts that were recently discovered at the Phoenix landing site and are potential strong oxidants, were not observed to directly oxidize either the organic solution or methane. The upper limit reaction coefficient, α, was found to be <4×10−17 for methane loss on TiO2·H2O2 and <2×10−17 for methane loss on JSC-Mars-1 with H2O2. Unless the depth of soil on Mars that contains H2O2 is very deep (thicker than 500m), the lifetime of methane with respect to heterogeneous oxidation by H2O2 is probably greater than 4 years. Therefore, reaction of methane with H2O2 on Martian soils does not appear to be a significant methane sink, and would not destroy methane rapidly enough to cause the reported atmospheric methane variability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRECIPITATION variability
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SURFACES (Physics)
KW  - HYDROGEN peroxide
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Mars
KW  - Methane
KW  - Oxidant
KW  - Surface
KW  - Viking
N1  - Accession Number: 57683184; Gough, R.V. 1; Email Address: raina.gough@colorado.edu Turley, J.J. 1 Ferrell, G.R. 1 Cordova, K.E. 1 Wood, S.E. 1 DeHaan, D.O. 1 McKay, C.P. 2 Toon, O.B. 3 Tolbert, M.A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), 216 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (ATOC), 392 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 59 Issue 2/3, p238; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION variability; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SURFACES (Physics); Subject Term: HYDROGEN peroxide; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viking; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.09.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geremia, Chris
AU  - White, P. J.
AU  - Wallen, Rick L.
AU  - Watson, Fred G. R.
AU  - Treanor, John J.
AU  - Borkowski, John
AU  - Potter, Christopher S.
AU  - Crabtree, Robert L.
T1  - Predicting Bison Migration out of Yellowstone National Park Using Bayesian Models.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Long distance migrations by ungulate species often surpass the boundaries of preservation areas where conflicts with various publics lead to management actions that can threaten populations. We chose the partially migratory bison (Bison bison) population in Yellowstone National Park as an example of integrating science into management policies to better conserve migratory ungulates. Approximately 60% of these bison have been exposed to bovine brucellosis and thousands of migrants exiting the park boundary have been culled during the past two decades to reduce the risk of disease transmission to cattle. Data were assimilated using models representing competing hypotheses of bison migration during 1990-2009 in a hierarchal Bayesian framework. Migration differed at the scale of herds, but a single unifying logistic model was useful for predicting migrations by both herds. Migration beyond the northern park boundary was affected by herd size, accumulated snow water equivalent, and aboveground dried biomass. Migration beyond the western park boundary was less influenced by these predictors and process model performance suggested an important control on recent migrations was excluded. Simulations of migrations over the next decade suggest that allowing increased numbers of bison beyond park boundaries during severe climate conditions may be the only means of avoiding episodic, large-scale reductions to the Yellowstone bison population in the foreseeable future. This research is an example of how long distance migration dynamics can be incorporated into improved management policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BISON
KW  - ANIMAL migration
KW  - HERDING
KW  - BOVIDAE
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - ANIMAL culture
KW  - RUMINANTS
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 73937374; Geremia, Chris 1,2; Email Address: ChrisGeremia@nps.gov White, P. J. 1 Wallen, Rick L. 1 Watson, Fred G. R. 3 Treanor, John J. 1 Borkowski, John 4 Potter, Christopher S. 5 Crabtree, Robert L. 6; Affiliation:  1: Yellowstone Center for Resources, National Park Service, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, United States of America  2: Natural Resource and Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America  3: Watershed Institute, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, California, United States of America  4: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America  5: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  6: Yellowstone Ecological Research Centre, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BISON; Subject Term: ANIMAL migration; Subject Term: HERDING; Subject Term: BOVIDAE; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: ANIMAL culture; Subject Term: RUMINANTS; Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0016848
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kiefer, Richard L.
AU  - Gabler, William J.
AU  - Hovey, Michael T.
AU  - Thibeault, Sheila A.
T1  - The effects of exposure in space on two high-performance polymers
JO  - Radiation Physics & Chemistry
JF  - Radiation Physics & Chemistry
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 80
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 126
EP  - 129
SN  - 0969806X
AB  - Abstract: Films of a polyimide, poly(pyromellitimide-1,4-diphenyl ether), and a poly(etherimide), commercial Ultem®, both pure and with additives were exposed to the low earth orbit (LEO) space environment on several missions of the Materials on the International Space Station Experiment (MISSE). The additives, which contained aluminum or boron, were designed to interact with atomic oxygen to form a protective metal oxide coating. A polyimide film containing 10% aluminum acetylacetonate (Al(acac)3) survived an exposure of nearly four year while an adjacent pure film was completely eroded. After exposure in space, films containing aluminum showed an enhanced amount of the element on the surface along with an enhanced amount of oxygen. Boron-containing films showed no enhancement of the element after exposure. The temperature of 10% mass loss increased with space exposure for films containing aluminum but decreased for those containing boron. The glass transition temperature (T g) increased after space exposure for polyimide films containing Al(acac)3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Physics & Chemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORGANIC thin films
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - BORON
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - EROSION
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - Atomic oxygen
KW  - MISSE
KW  - Poly(etherimide)
KW  - Polyimide
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 55481608; Kiefer, Richard L. 1; Email Address: rlkief@wm.edu Gabler, William J. 1 Hovey, Michael T. 1 Thibeault, Sheila A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23185, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 80 Issue 2, p126; Subject Term: ORGANIC thin films; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: MISSE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poly(etherimide); Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimide; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2010.07.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=55481608&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shreiber, D.
AU  - Gupta, M.
AU  - Cravey, R.
T1  - Comparative study of 1-D and 2-D metamaterial lens for microwave nondestructive evaluation of dielectric materials
JO  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 165
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 256
EP  - 260
SN  - 09244247
AB  - Abstract: A novel microwave nondestructive evaluation (NDE) sensor was developed in an attempt to increase the sensitivity of the microwave NDE method for detection of material defects small relative to a wavelength. The sensor was designed on the basis of a negative index material (NIM) lens. Transmission at the resonant frequency through the 1-D lens was determined to be about 10 times higher than that with the 2-D lens. However, the focusing ability of the 1-D lens was found to be slightly lower to the 2-D lens (focus spot size for the 1-D lens was determined to be 0.7λ vs. 0.48λ for the 2-D lens). A fiberglass material sample with a 3mm (0.037λ) diameter through hole (perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wave) was tested with both lenses. The hole was successfully detected with an 8.2cm wavelength electromagnetic wave with both lenses, but the image obtained with a 2-D lens was much sharper. Therefore, the choice of the lens to be used in a sensor is prescribed by the specific requirements of the testing system. For example, a 1-D lens should be considered when the simplicity of the testing system is deemed more important than the quality of the image obtained from a defect. A 1-D lens also allows for a longer sample standoff distance and higher transmission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAMATERIALS
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - NEGATIVE refraction
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - LENSES
KW  - Metamaterial sensor
KW  - Metamaterials lens
KW  - Microwave
KW  - NDE
N1  - Accession Number: 57858580; Shreiber, D. 1 Gupta, M. 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu Cravey, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States  2: Electromagnetics and Sensors Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 165 Issue 2, p256; Subject Term: METAMATERIALS; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: NEGATIVE refraction; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: LENSES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metamaterial sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metamaterials lens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sna.2010.12.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kitiashvili, I.
AU  - Kosovichev, A.
AU  - Mansour, N.
AU  - Wray, A.
T1  - Numerical MHD Simulations of Solar Magnetoconvection and Oscillations in Inclined Magnetic Field Regions.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 268
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
EP  - 291
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
AB  - The sunspot penumbra is a transition zone between the strong vertical magnetic field area (sunspot umbra) and the quiet Sun. The penumbra has a fine filamentary structure that is characterized by magnetic field lines inclined toward the surface. Numerical simulations of solar convection in inclined magnetic field regions have provided an explanation of the filamentary structure and the Evershed outflow in the penumbra. In this article, we use radiative MHD simulations to investigate the influence of the magnetic field inclination on the power spectrum of vertical velocity oscillations. The results reveal a strong shift of the resonance mode peaks to higher frequencies in the case of a highly inclined magnetic field. The frequency shift for the inclined field is significantly greater than that in vertical-field regions of similar strength. This is consistent with the behavior of fast MHD waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - SOLAR granulation
KW  - SUNSPOTS
KW  - CONVECTION (Astrophysics)
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - SUN
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Granulation
KW  - Oscillations: solar
KW  - Sunspots: penumbra, magnetic fields
N1  - Accession Number: 57767303; Kitiashvili, I.; Email Address: irinasun@stanford.edu Kosovichev, A. 1; Email Address: sasha@sun.stanford.edu Mansour, N. 2 Wray, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 268 Issue 2, p283; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: SOLAR granulation; Subject Term: SUNSPOTS; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Granulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oscillations: solar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sunspots: penumbra, magnetic fields; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-010-9679-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartlep, T.
AU  - Kosovichev, A.
AU  - Zhao, J.
AU  - Mansour, N.
T1  - Signatures of Emerging Subsurface Structures in Acoustic Power Maps of the Sun.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 268
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 327
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
AB  - We show that under certain conditions, subsurface structures in the solar interior can alter the average acoustic power observed at the photosphere above them. By using numerical simulations of wave propagation, we show that this effect is large enough for it to be potentially used for detecting emerging active regions before they appear on the surface. In our simulations, simplified subsurface structures are modeled as regions with enhanced or reduced acoustic wave speed. We investigate the dependence of the acoustic power above a subsurface region on the sign, depth, and strength of the wave-speed perturbation. Observations from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Michelson Doppler Imager (SOHO/MDI) prior and during the emergence of NOAA active region 10488 are used to test the use of acoustic power as a potential precursor of the emergence of magnetic flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - MAGNETIC flux
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SUN
KW  - SUN -- Active regions
KW  - SUN -- Observations
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Emerging active regions
KW  - Helioseismology
KW  - SOHO/MDI observations
KW  - Wave propagation simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 57767298; Hartlep, T. 1; Email Address: thartlep@sun.stanford.edu Kosovichev, A. 1 Zhao, J. 1 Mansour, N. 2; Affiliation:  1: W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 268 Issue 2, p321; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: MAGNETIC flux; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: SUN -- Active regions; Subject Term: SUN -- Observations; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emerging active regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helioseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOHO/MDI observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wave propagation simulation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-010-9544-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57767298&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Russo, Richard E.
AU  - Bol'shakov, Alexander A.
AU  - Mao, Xianglei
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Perry, Dale L.
AU  - Sorkhabi, Osman
T1  - Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry
JO  - Spectrochimica Acta Part B
JF  - Spectrochimica Acta Part B
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 66
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 104
SN  - 05848547
AB  - Abstract: A new method of performing optical isotopic analysis of condensed samples in ambient air and at ambient pressure has been developed: Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry (LAMIS). The technique uses radiative transitions from molecular species either directly vaporized from a sample or formed by associative mechanisms of atoms or ions in a laser ablation plume. This method is an advanced modification of a known atomic emission technique called laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). The new method — LAMIS — can determine not only chemical composition but also isotopic ratios of elements in the sample. Isotopic measurements are enabled by significantly larger isotopic shifts found in molecular spectra relative to atomic spectra. Analysis can be performed from a distance and in real time. No sample preparation or pre-treatment is required. Detection of the isotopes of hydrogen, boron, carbon, and oxygen are discussed to illustrate the technique. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER ablation
KW  - LASER-induced breakdown spectroscopy
KW  - ANALYTICAL chemistry
KW  - MOLECULAR spectra
KW  - HYDROGEN isotopes
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - ATOMIC spectra
KW  - Chemical analysis
KW  - LAMIS
KW  - Laser ablation plasma
KW  - Molecular emission spectra
KW  - Optical isotopic measurements
KW  - Real-time chemical analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 59326305; Russo, Richard E. 1,2; Email Address: rerusso@lbl.gov Bol'shakov, Alexander A. 2 Mao, Xianglei 1 McKay, Christopher P. 3 Perry, Dale L. 1 Sorkhabi, Osman 1; Affiliation:  1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Applied Spectra, Inc., 46661 Fremont Boulevard, Fremont, CA 94538, USA  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 66 Issue 2, p99; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: LASER-induced breakdown spectroscopy; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectra; Subject Term: HYDROGEN isotopes; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: ATOMIC spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAMIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser ablation plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular emission spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical isotopic measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Real-time chemical analysis; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sab.2011.01.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59326305&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DEVASTHALE, ABHAY
AU  - TJERNSTRÖM, MICHAEL
AU  - KARLSSON, KARL-GÖRAN
AU  - THOMAS, MANU ANNA
AU  - JONES, COLIN
AU  - SEDLAR, JOSEPH
AU  - OMAR, ALI H.
T1  - The vertical distribution of thin features over the Arctic analysed from CALIPSO observations.
JO  - Tellus: Series B
JF  - Tellus: Series B
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 85
PB  - Co-Action Publishing
SN  - 02806509
AB  - Clouds play a crucial role in the Arctic climate system. Therefore, it is essential to accurately and reliably quantify and understand cloud properties over the Arctic. It is also important to monitor and attribute changes in Arctic clouds. Here, we exploit the capability of the CALIPSO-CALIOP instrument and provide comprehensive statistics of tropospheric thin clouds, otherwise extremely difficult to monitor from passive satellite sensors. We use 4 yr of data (June 2006-May 2010) over the circumpolar Arctic, here defined as 67-82°N, and characterize probability density functions of cloud base and top heights, geometrical thickness and zonal distribution of such cloud layers, separately for water and ice phases, and discuss seasonal variability of these properties. When computed for the entire study area, probability density functions of cloud base and top heights and geometrical thickness peak at 200-400, 1000-2000 and 400-800 m, respectively, for thin water clouds, while for ice clouds they peak at 6-8, 7-9 and 400-1000 m, respectively. In general, liquid clouds were often identified below 2 km during all seasons, whereas ice clouds were sensed throughout the majority of the upper troposphere and also, but to a smaller extent, below 2 km for all seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Tellus: Series B is the property of Co-Action Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ALTITUDES -- Measurement
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Optical observations
KW  - SEASONS
KW  - ARCTIC regions
N1  - Accession Number: 57219764; DEVASTHALE, ABHAY 1 TJERNSTRÖM, MICHAEL 2 KARLSSON, KARL-GÖRAN 1 THOMAS, MANU ANNA 3 JONES, COLIN 4 SEDLAR, JOSEPH 2 OMAR, ALI H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Remote Sensing Division, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Folkborgsvagen 1, 60176 Norrköping, Sweden  2: Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden  3: School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK  4: Rossby Center, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Norrköping, Sweden  5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ALTITUDES -- Measurement; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Optical observations; Subject Term: SEASONS; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00516.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57219764&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DEVASTHALE, ABHAY
AU  - TJERNSTRÖM, MICHAEL
AU  - OMAR, ALI H.
T1  - The vertical distribution of thin features over the Arctic analysed from CALIPSO observations.
JO  - Tellus: Series B
JF  - Tellus: Series B
Y1  - 2011/02//
VL  - 63
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 95
PB  - Co-Action Publishing
SN  - 02806509
AB  - Influx of aerosols from the mid-latitudes has a wide range of impacts on the Arctic atmosphere. In this study, the capability of the CALIPSO-CALIOP instrument to provide accurate observations of aerosol layers is exploited to characterize their vertical distribution, probability density functions (PDFs) of aerosol layer thickness, base and top heights, and optical depths over the Arctic for the 4-yr period from June 2006 to May 2010. It is shown that the bulk of aerosols, from about 65% in winter to 45% in summer, are confined below the lowermost kilometer of the troposphere. In the middle troposphere (3-5 km), spring and autumn seasons show slightly higher aerosol amounts compared to other two seasons. The relative vertical distribution of aerosols shows that clean continental aerosol is the largest contributor in all seasons except in summer, when layers of polluted continental aerosols are almost as large. In winter and spring, polluted continental aerosols are the second largest contributor to the total number of observed aerosol layers, whereas clean marine aerosol is the second largest contributor in summer and autumn. The PDFs of the geometrical thickness of the observed aerosol layers peak about 400-700 m. Polluted continental and smoke aerosols, which are associated with the intrusions from mid-latitudes, have much broader distributions of optical and geometrical thicknesses, suggesting that they appear more often optically thicker and higher up in the troposphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Tellus: Series B is the property of Co-Action Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ALTITUDES
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Optical observations
KW  - POLLUTION
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - SEASONS
KW  - ARCTIC regions
N1  - Accession Number: 57219766; DEVASTHALE, ABHAY 1 TJERNSTRÖM, MICHAEL 2,3 OMAR, ALI H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Remote Sensing Division, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Folkborgsvagen 1, 60176, Norrköping, Sweden  2: Department of Meteorology, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden  3: Bert Bolin Center for Climate Research, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden  4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 63 Issue 1, p86; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ALTITUDES; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Optical observations; Subject Term: POLLUTION; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: SEASONS; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2010.00517.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Christiansen, Jessie L.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Desert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Dunham, Edward W.
T1  - A closely packed system of low-mass, low-density planets transiting Kepler-11.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/02/03/
VL  - 470
IS  - 7332
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 58
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - When an extrasolar planet passes in front of (transits) its star, its radius can be measured from the decrease in starlight and its orbital period from the time between transits. Multiple planets transiting the same star reveal much more: period ratios determine stability and dynamics, mutual gravitational interactions reflect planet masses and orbital shapes, and the fraction of transiting planets observed as multiples has implications for the planarity of planetary systems. But few stars have more than one known transiting planet, and none has more than three. Here we report Kepler spacecraft observations of a single Sun-like star, which we call Kepler-11, that reveal six transiting planets, five with orbital periods between 10 and 47 days and a sixth planet with a longer period. The five inner planets are among the smallest for which mass and size have both been measured, and these measurements imply substantial envelopes of light gases. The degree of coplanarity and proximity of the planetary orbits imply energy dissipation near the end of planet formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS with planets
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - MASS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 57775598; Lissauer, Jack J. 1 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 2 Ford, Eric B. 3 Borucki, William J. 1 Fressin, Francois 4 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 5 Orosz, Jerome A. 6 Rowe, Jason F. 7 Torres, Guillermo 4 Welsh, William F. 6 Batalha, Natalie M. 8 Bryson, Stephen T. 1 Buchhave, Lars A. 9 Caldwell, Douglas A. 7 Carter, Joshua A. 4 Charbonneau, David 4 Christiansen, Jessie L. 7 Cochran, William D. 10 Desert, Jean-Michel 4 Dunham, Edward W. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA  3: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA  6: San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA  7: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, USA  9: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  10: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0259, USA  11: Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA; Source Info: 2/3/2011, Vol. 470 Issue 7332, p53; Subject Term: STARS with planets; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: MASS (Physics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature09760
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lu, Yijiang
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Li, Jing
T1  - A carbon-nanotube-based sensor array for formaldehyde detection.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2011/02/04/
VL  - 22
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - We have fabricated a sensor array consisting of 32 sensor elements with pristine, doped and metal-loaded single-wall carbon nanotubes as sensing materials. The sensor elements consist of interdigitated electrodes with varying finger widths and gaps. The chemiresistor-type sensors provide a significant response to formaldehyde at concentrations down to 10 ppb in air with rapid response and recovery times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 98022139; Lu, Yijiang 1 Meyyappan, M. 1 Li, Jing 1,2; Email Address: Jing.Li-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed; Source Info: 2/4/2011, Vol. 22 Issue 5, p1; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/22/5/055502
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamada, Toshishige
AU  - Yamada, Hidenori
AU  - Lohn, Andrew J.
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Room-temperature Coulomb staircase in semiconducting InP nanowires modulated with light illumination.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2011/02/04/
VL  - 22
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - Detailed electron transport analysis is performed for an ensemble of conical indium phosphide nanowires bridging two hydrogenated n + -silicon electrodes. The current–voltage (I–V)  characteristics exhibit a Coulomb staircase in the dark with a period of ∼ 1 V at room temperature. The staircase is found to disappear under light illumination. This observation can be explained by assuming the presence of a tiny Coulomb island, and its existence is possible due to the large surface depletion region created within contributing nanowires. Electrons tunnel in and out of the Coulomb island, resulting in the Coulomb staircase I–V. Applying light illumination raises the electron quasi-Fermi level and the tunneling barriers are buried, causing the Coulomb staircase to disappear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 98022153; Yamada, Toshishige 1,2,3; Email Address: tyamada@scu.edu Yamada, Hidenori 4 Lohn, Andrew J. 2,5 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 2,5; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanostructures, School of Engineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed  4: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92092, USA  5: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/4/2011, Vol. 22 Issue 5, p1; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/22/5/055201
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Quinn, Samuel N.
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Cleve, Jeffrey Van
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Cote, Miles T.
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Haas, Michael R.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Koch, David G.
AU  - Jie Li
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - MacQueen, Phillip J.
AU  - Middour, Christopher K.
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
T1  - K01-126: A Triply Eclipsing Hierarchical Triple with Two Low-Mass Stars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/02/04/
VL  - 331
IS  - 6017
M3  - Article
SP  - 562
EP  - 565
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Kepler spacecraft has been monitoring the light from 150,000 stars in its primary quest to detect transiting exoplanets. Here, we report on the detection of an eclipsing stellar hierarchical triple, identified in the Kepler photometry. KOI-126 [A, (B, C)], is composed of a low-mass binary [masses MB = 0.2413 ± 0.0030 solar mass (M⊙), Mc = 0.2127 ± 0.0026 M⊙; radii RB = 0.2543 ± 0.0014 solar radius (R⊙), Rc = 0.2318 ± 0.0013 R⊙; orbital period P1 = 1.76713 + 0.00019 days] on an eccentric orbit about a third star (mass MA = 1.347 ± 0.032 M⊙ radius RA = 2.0254 ± 0.0098 R⊙; period of orbit around the low-mass binary P2 = 33.9214 ± 0.0013 days; eccentricity of that orbit e2 = 0.3043 ± 0.0024). The low-mass pair probe the poorly sampled fully convective stellar domain offering a crucial benchmark for theoretical stellar models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
N1  - Accession Number: 58642516; Carter, Joshua A. 1; Email Address: jacarter@cfa.harvard.edu Fabrycky, Daniel C. 2 Ragozzine, Darin 1 Holman, Matthew J. 1 Quinn, Samuel N. 1 Latham, David W. 1 Buchhave, Lars A. 1,3 Cleve, Jeffrey Van 4,5 Cochran, William D. 6 Cote, Miles T. 4 Endl, Michael 6 Ford, Eric B. 7 Haas, Michael R. 4 Jenkins, Jon M. 4,5 Koch, David G. 4 Jie Li 4,5 Lissauer, Jack J. 4,8 MacQueen, Phillip J. 6 Middour, Christopher K. 4,9 Orosz, Jerome A. 10; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Lick Observatory, University of California Observatories, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  7: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  8: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  9: Orbital Sciences Corp., Dulles, VA 20166, USA  10: San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Source Info: 2/4/2011, Vol. 331 Issue 6017, p562; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1201274
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leuko, S.
AU  - Neilan, B.A.
AU  - Burns, B.P.
AU  - Walter, M.R.
AU  - Rothschild, L.J.
T1  - Molecular assessment of UVC radiation-induced DNA damage repair in the stromatolitic halophilic archaeon, Halococcus hamelinensis
JO  - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology
JF  - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology
Y1  - 2011/02/07/
VL  - 102
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 145
SN  - 10111344
AB  - Abstract: The halophilic archaeon Halococcus hamelinensis was isolated from living stromatolites in Shark Bay, Western Australia, that are known to be exposed to extreme conditions of salinity, desiccation, and UV radiation. Modern stromatolites are considered analogues of very early life on Earth and thus inhabitants of modern stromatolites, and Hcc. hamelinensis in particular, are excellent candidates to examine responses to high UV radiation. This organism was exposed to high dosages (up to 500J/m2) of standard germicidal UVC (254nm) radiation and overall responses such as survival, thymine–thymine cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, and DNA repair have been assessed. Results show that Hcc. hamelinensis is able to survive high UVC radiation dosages and that intact cells give an increased level of DNA protection over purified DNA. The organism was screened for the bacterial-like nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, as well as for the photolyase phr2 gene. All four genes were discovered and changes in the expression levels of those genes during repair in either light or dark were investigated by means of quantitative Real-Time (qRT) PCR. The data obtained and presented in this study show that the uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC genes were up-regulated during both repair conditions. The photolyase phr2 was not induced during dark repair, yet showed a 20-fold increase during repair in light conditions. The data presented is the first molecular study of different repair mechanisms in the genus Halococcus following exposure to high UVC radiation levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - DNA repair
KW  - HALOPHILIC organisms
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - SHARK Bay (W.A.)
KW  - WESTERN Australia
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Halophilic archaea
KW  - Repair mechanisms
KW  - UVC radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 57371773; Leuko, S. 1; Email Address: leuko@ualberta.ca Neilan, B.A. 2,3; Email Address: b.neilan@unsw.edu.au Burns, B.P. 2,3; Email Address: brendan.burns@unsw.edu.au Walter, M.R. 3; Email Address: malcolm.walter@unsw.edu.au Rothschild, L.J. 1; Email Address: lynn.j.rothschild@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia  3: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 102 Issue 2, p140; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: DNA damage; Subject Term: DNA repair; Subject Term: HALOPHILIC organisms; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: SHARK Bay (W.A.); Subject Term: WESTERN Australia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Halophilic archaea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Repair mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: UVC radiation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Tom X. -P.
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Laszlo, Istvan
AU  - Zhou, Mi
T1  - Global component aerosol direct radiative effect at the top of atmosphere.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/02/10/
VL  - 32
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 633
EP  - 655
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The two-step approach of combining Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 0.55 μm with the component AOT fractions from the Goddard Space Flight Centre (GSFC)/Goddard Global Ozone Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model to derive top of atmosphere (TOA) component aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) over the global cloud-free oceans proposed by the first author in a previous publication has been extended to cloud-free land areas for nearly global coverage. Validation has also been performed by comparing the ADRE computation with calculations from the Fu-Liou radiative transfer model at globally distributed AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sites by using the aerosol optical properties observed from AERONET and surface reflectance obtained from MODIS observations as the model inputs. The promising validation results provide support for extending the two-step approach from global clear-sky oceans to global clear-sky land areas. The global annual mean values of ADRE for clear-sky condition are +0.3 ± 0.2 W m-2 for black carbon, -1.0 ± 0.6 W m-2 for organic carbon; -2.3 ± 0.7 W m-2 for sulphate; -1.6 ± 0.5 W m-2 for dust; -2.2 ± 0.6 W m-2 for sea salt; -2.4 ± 0.8 W m-2 for anthropogenic aerosol; -4.5 ± 1.2 W m-2 for natural aerosol; and -6.8 ± 1.7 W m-2 for total aerosols. For global average cloudy skies, the all-sky values of component ADRE are about 42% of their clear-sky counterparts. The major sources of uncertainty in the estimates are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 58667788; Zhao, Tom X. -P. 1; Email Address: Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov Loeb, Norman G. 2 Laszlo, Istvan 3 Zhou, Mi 4; Affiliation:  1: National Climatic Data Center, NOAA/NESDIS, Asheville, NC, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NOAA/NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD, USA  4: I. M. System Group, Inc., Kensington, MD, USA; Source Info: 2/10/2011, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p633; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431161.2010.517790
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sengupta, Anita
AU  - Kulleck, James
AU  - Van Norman, John
AU  - Mehta, Manish
T1  - Thermal coating erosion in a simulated Martian landing environment
JO  - Wear
JF  - Wear
Y1  - 2011/02/10/
VL  - 270
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 335
EP  - 343
SN  - 00431648
AB  - Abstract: An experimental and computational research program was implemented to quantify the thermal coating erosion that results from supersonic jets impinging on the surface of Mars during landing. Soil entrainment and acceleration in the impinging plume-flows result in high velocity particulate flux that can cause degradation of space-use thermal coatings. Computational fluid dynamics in conjunction with particle tracking simulations were used to determine the range of impact velocities expected during landing. The landing environment was simulated in a subscale particle erosion laboratory experiment with test coupons subjected to representative Martian soil media flux. Direct measurement of Mars rover white paint erosion has been obtained for a range of silica particle sizes (5–300μm), impact velocities from 130 to 265m/s, impingement angles from 30 to 90°, and mass loading of 10–240mg/cm2. The post-erosion microstructure, absorptivity, and emissivity of the coating were also measured. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Wear is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - EROSION
KW  - FLUX (Metallurgy)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SILICON compounds
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - Coating erosion
KW  - Particulate erosion
KW  - Plume/ground interaction
KW  - Thermal paint
N1  - Accession Number: 57681441; Sengupta, Anita 1; Email Address: Anita.Sengupta@jpl.nasa.gov Kulleck, James 1 Van Norman, John 2 Mehta, Manish 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  3: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 270 Issue 5/6, p335; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: FLUX (Metallurgy); Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coating erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plume/ground interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal paint; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wear.2010.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogers, Richard B.
AU  - Ackerson, Bruce J.
T1  - The measurement of solid-liquid interfacial energy in colloidal suspensions using grain boundary grooves.
JO  - Philosophical Magazine
JF  - Philosophical Magazine
Y1  - 2011/02/11/
VL  - 91
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 682
EP  - 729
SN  - 14786435
AB  - Interfacial energy is a fundamental physiochemical property of any multi-phase system. Among the most direct approaches for determining solid-liquid interfacial energy is a technique based on measuring the shape of grain boundary grooves in specimens subjected to a linear temperature gradient. This technique was adapted to crystallizing colloids in a gravitational field. Such colloids exhibit a freezing-melting phase transition and are important not only as self-assembling precursors to photonic crystals, but also as physical models of atomic and molecular systems. The grain boundary groove technique was tested using suspensions of sterically stabilized poly(methyl methacrylate) spheres, which have been shown to closely approximate the hard sphere potential. Whereas isotropic models did not fit grain boundary groove data well, the capillary vector model, which is suitable for both isotropic and anisotropic surface energies, produced γ110 = 0.58 ± 0.05 kBT/σ2. This value of interfacial energy is in agreement with many of the published values for hard spheres, supporting the validity of our grain boundary groove technique adaptations to colloidal systems in a gravitational field. Finally, kinks observed in groove profiles suggest a minimum anisotropy parameter of ε = 0.029 for hard spheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLID-liquid interfaces
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL fields
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - colloid
KW  - hard sphere
KW  - interfacial thermodynamics
KW  - phase boundary
KW  - solid-liquid interfacial energy
N1  - Accession Number: 57583230; Rogers, Richard B. 1 Ackerson, Bruce J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA  2: Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74075, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 91 Issue 5, p682; Subject Term: SOLID-liquid interfaces; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL fields; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: colloid; Author-Supplied Keyword: hard sphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: interfacial thermodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase boundary; Author-Supplied Keyword: solid-liquid interfacial energy; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14786435.2010.527306
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - DOLCI, WENDY W.
AU  - BOLDT, MARCO S.
AU  - DODSON, K. ESTELLE
AU  - PILCHER, CARL B.
T1  - Leading the Charge to Virtual Meetings.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/02/11/
VL  - 331
IS  - 6018
M3  - Letter
SP  - 674
EP  - 674
SN  - 00368075
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the letter “Travel Trade-Offs for Scientist,” by I. C. Burke in the December 10, 2010 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - VIRTUAL communications
N1  - Accession Number: 59179909; DOLCI, WENDY W. 1; Email Address: wendy.w.dolci@nasa.gov BOLDT, MARCO S. 1,2 DODSON, K. ESTELLE 1,2 PILCHER, CARL B. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Lockheed Martin, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/11/2011, Vol. 331 Issue 6018, p674; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: VIRTUAL communications; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Letter
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christopher P.  McKay
T1  - The search for life in our Solar System and the implications for science and society.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2011/02/13/
VL  - 369
IS  - 1936
M3  - Article
SP  - 594
EP  - 606
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - The search for another type of life in the Solar System addresses the fundamental question of life in the Universe. To determine if life forms we discover represent a second genesis, we must find biological material that would allow us to compare that life to the Earth’s phylogenetic tree of life. An organism would be alien if, and only if, it did not link to our tree of life. In our Solar System, the worlds of interest for a search for life are Mars, Europa, Enceladus and, for biochemistry based on a liquid other than water, Titan. If we find evidence for a second genesis of life, we will certainly learn from the comparative study of the biochemistry, organismal biology and ecology of the alien life. The discovery of alien life, if alive or revivable, will pose fundamentally new questions in environmental ethics. We should plan our exploration strategy such that we conduct biologically reversible exploration. In the long term we would do well, ethically and scientifically, to strive to support any alien life discovered as part of an overall commitment to enhancing the richness and diversity of life in the Universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIFE (Biology)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - SCIENCE -- Social aspects
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 57512151; Christopher P.  McKay 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division,  NASA Ames Research Center, , Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 369 Issue 1936, p594; Subject Term: LIFE (Biology); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: SCIENCE -- Social aspects; Subject Term: PHYLOGENY; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Stoffle, Nicholas N.
AU  - Rutledge, Robert D.
AU  - Lee, Kerry T.
AU  - Neal Zapp, E.
AU  - Dachev, Tsvetan P.
AU  - Tomov, Borislav T.
T1  - Statistical validation of HZETRN as a function of vertical cutoff rigidity using ISS measurements
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 600
EP  - 610
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Measurements taken in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) onboard the International Space Station (ISS) and transit vehicles have been extensively used to validate radiation transport models. Primarily, such comparisons were done by integrating measured data over mission or trajectory segments so that individual comparisons to model results could be made. This approach has yielded considerable information but is limited in its ability to rigorously quantify and differentiate specific model errors or uncertainties. Further, as exploration moves beyond LEO and measured data become sparse, the uncertainty estimates derived from these validation cases will no longer be applicable. Recent improvements in the underlying numerical methods used in HZETRN have resulted in significant decreases in code run time. Therefore, the large number of comparisons required to express error as a function of a physical quantity, like cutoff rigidity, are now possible. Validation can be looked at in detail over any portion of a flight trajectory (e.g. minute by minute) such that a statistically significant number of comparisons can be made. This more rigorous approach to code validation will allow the errors caused by uncertainties in the geometry models, environmental models, and nuclear physics models to be differentiated and quantified. It will also give much better guidance for future model development. More importantly, it will allow a quantitative means of extrapolating uncertainties in LEO to free space. In this work, measured data taken onboard the ISS during solar maximum are compared to results obtained with the particle transport code HZETRN. Comparisons are made at a large number (∼77,000) of discrete time intervals, allowing error estimates to be given as a function of cutoff rigidity. It is shown that HZETRN systematically underestimates exposure quantities at high cutoff rigidity. The errors are likely associated with increased angular variation in the geomagnetic field near the equator, the lack of pion production in HZETRN, and errors in high energy nuclear physics models, and will be the focus of future work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics) -- Trajectories
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Low Earth Orbit
KW  - Radiation shielding
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Transport
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 57683629; Slaba, Tony C. 1; Email Address: Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov Blattnig, Steve R. 1 Badavi, Francis F. 2 Stoffle, Nicholas N. 3 Rutledge, Robert D. 4 Lee, Kerry T. 5 Neal Zapp, E. 5 Dachev, Tsvetan P. 6 Tomov, Borislav T. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  3: Lockheed Martin, Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  6: Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., Block 3, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p600; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics) -- Trajectories; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low Earth Orbit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.10.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norbury, John W.
T1  - Perspective on space radiation for space flights in 2020–2040
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 611
EP  - 621
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The Sun undergoes several well known periodicities in activity, such as the Schwabe 11year cycle, the Gleissberg 80–90year cycle, the Suess 200–210year cycle and the Halstatt 2200–2300year cycle. In addition, there is evidence that the 20th century levels of solar activity are unusually high. The years 2020–2040 are expected to coincide with increased activity in human space flight beyond low Earth orbit. The solar cycles and the present level of solar activity are reviewed and their activities during the years 2020–2040 are discussed with a perspective on space radiation and the future program of space flight. It is prudent to prepare for continuing levels of high solar activity as well as for the low levels of the current deep minimum, which has corresponded to high galactic cosmic ray flux. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Solar activity
KW  - Solar particle events
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 57683628; Norbury, John W. 1; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p611; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar particle events; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.10.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woellert, Kirk
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Ricco, Antonio J.
AU  - Hertzfeld, Henry
T1  - Cubesats: Cost-effective science and technology platforms for emerging and developing nations
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 663
EP  - 684
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The development, operation, and analysis of data from cubesats can promote science education and spur technology utilization in emerging and developing nations. This platform offers uniquely low construction and launch costs together with a comparative ubiquity of launch providers; factors that have led more than 80 universities and several emerging nations to develop programs in this field. Their small size and weight enables cubesats to “piggyback” on rocket launches and accompany orbiters travelling to Moon and Mars. It is envisaged that constellations of cubesats will be used for larger science missions. We present a brief history, technology overview, and summary of applications in science and industry for these small satellites. Cubesat technical success stories are offered along with a summary of pitfalls and challenges encountered in both developed and emerging nations. A discussion of economic and public policy issues aims to facilitate the decision-making process for those considering utilization of this unique technology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSATELLITES
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - SCIENCE -- Study & teaching
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite launching
KW  - MOON
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - DEVELOPING countries
KW  - Capacity building
KW  - Cubesat
KW  - Developing countries
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Nanosatellite
KW  - Space technology
N1  - Accession Number: 57683623; Woellert, Kirk 1; Email Address: kdwoell@comcast.net Ehrenfreund, Pascale 1 Ricco, Antonio J. 2 Hertzfeld, Henry 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Policy Institute, The George Washington University, 1957 E Street NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Small Spacecraft Division, MS 239-24, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p663; Subject Term: NANOSATELLITES; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: SCIENCE -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite launching; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: DEVELOPING countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capacity building; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cubesat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Developing countries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Innovation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanosatellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.10.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eitzen, Zachary A.
AU  - Kuan-Man Xu
AU  - Takmeng Wong
T1  - An Estimate of Low-Cloud Feedbacks from Variations of Cloud Radiative and Physical Properties with Sea Surface Temperature on Interannual Time Scales.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1106
EP  - 1121
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Simulations of climate change have yet to reach a consensus on the sign and magnitude of the changes in physical properties of marine boundary layer clouds. In this study, the authors analyze how cloud and radiative properties vary with SST anomaly in low-cloud regions, based on five years (March 2000--February 2005) of Clouds and the Earth''s Radiant Energy System (CERES)-- Terra monthly gridded data and matched European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) meteorological reanalaysis data. In particular, this study focuses on the changes in cloud radiative effect, cloud fraction, and cloud optical depth with SST anomaly. The major findings are as follows. First, the low-cloud amount (−−1.9%% to −−3.4%% K−−1) and the logarithm of low-cloud optical depth (−−0.085 to −−0.100 K−−1) tend to decrease while the net cloud radiative effect (3.86 W m−−2 K−−1) becomes less negative as SST anomalies increase. These results are broadly consistent with previous observational studies. Second, after the changes in cloud and radiative properties with SST anomaly are separated into dynamic, thermodynamic, and residual components, changes in the dynamic component (taken as the vertical velocity at 700 hPa) have relatively little effect on cloud and radiative properties. However, the estimated inversion strength decreases with increasing SST, accounting for a large portion of the measured decreases in cloud fraction and cloud optical depth. The residual positive change in net cloud radiative effect (1.48 W m−−2 K−−1) and small changes in low-cloud amount (−−0.81%% to 0.22%% K−−1) and decrease in the logarithm of optical depth (--0.035 to --0.046 K−−1) with SST are interpreted as a positive cloud feedback, with cloud optical depth feedback being the dominant contributor. Last, the magnitudes of the residual changes differ greatly among the six low-cloud regions examined in this study, with the largest positive feedbacks (∼∼4 W m−−2 K−−1) in the southeast and northeast Atlantic regions and a slightly negative feedback (−−0.2 W m−−2 K−−1) in the south-central Pacific region. Because the retrievals of cloud optical depth and/or cloud fraction are difficult in the presence of aerosols, the transport of heavy African continental aerosols may contribute to the large magnitudes of estimated cloud feedback in the two Atlantic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - LONG-range weather forecasting
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - Cloud radiative effects
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Interannual variability
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Sea surface temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 59526407; Eitzen, Zachary A. 1; Email Address: zachary.a.eitzen@nasa.gov Kuan-Man Xu 2 Takmeng Wong 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p1106; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: LONG-range weather forecasting; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud radiative effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interannual variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface temperature; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3670.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nettles, Alan
AU  - Hodge, Andrew
AU  - Jackson, Justin
T1  - An Examination of the Compressive Cyclic Loading Aspects of Damage Tolerance for Polymer Matrix Launch Vehicle Hardware.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 458
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The issue of fatigue loading of structures composed of composite materials is considered in a requirements document that is currently in place for manned launch vehicles. By taking into account the short lives of these parts, coupled with design considerations, it is demonstrated that the necessary coupon level fatigue data collapse to a static case. Data from a literature review of past studies that examined compressive fatigue loading after impact and data generated from this experimental study are presented to support this finding. In other studies from the literature, a stress amplitude of about 60% of the static compression after impact (CAI) strength was found to exist, below which fatigue had no deleterious effects up to one million cycles. In this study, a stress amplitude of about 80% of the static (CAI) strength was found to exist, below which fatigue had no deleterious effects up to 10,000 cycles. A launch vehicle structure should never experience one cycle above 61.4% of static CAI strength, much less 10,000 at 80%. Despite utilizing severe fatigue amplitude loading in impact damaged coupons, residual strength after fatigue was consistently higher than expected. Unrealistically high fatigue stress amplitudes were needed to fail 5 of 15 specimens, before 10,000 cycles was reached. Since a typical launch vehicle structure, such as the ARES I interstage, only experiences a few cycles near limit load, it is concluded that static CAI strength data will suffice for most launch vehicle structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - MATERIALS -- Deterioration
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - compression
KW  - damage growth
KW  - delamination
KW  - fatigue
KW  - impact
KW  - launch vehicle
KW  - load spectrum
KW  - requirements
KW  - residual strength
N1  - Accession Number: 58645616; Nettles, Alan 1 Hodge, Andrew 2 Jackson, Justin 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Processes Laboratory, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, AL, USA, alan.t.nettles@nasa.gov  2: Materials and Processes Laboratory, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, AL, USA; Source Info: 02/15/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 4, p437; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Deterioration; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: launch vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: load spectrum; Author-Supplied Keyword: requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: residual strength; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7779
L3  - 10.1177/0021998310376117
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nyeo, Su-Long
AU  - Ansari, Rafat R.
T1  - Sparse Bayesian learning for the Laplace transform inversion in dynamic light scattering
JO  - Journal of Computational & Applied Mathematics
JF  - Journal of Computational & Applied Mathematics
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 235
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2861
EP  - 2872
SN  - 03770427
AB  - Abstract: A new method is described using the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) algorithm of Tipping to obtain an optimal and reliable solution to the Laplace transform inversion in dynamic light scattering (DLS). The linear inverse problem in DLS has numerical solutions that depend on their domains and dimensions. For a given domain and dimension, a sparse solution in an SBL framework is the most-probable solution and can be used for classifying a system of objects by a few relevant values. Recently, we have shown that the SBL algorithm of Tipping is suitable for studying cataract in ocular lenses by describing the opacity of a lens with a few dominant sizes of crystallin proteins in the lens. However, since the sparseness of SBL solutions cannot reflect a true system, we need to develop a method by using the SBL algorithm to give a true description and, at the same time, a useful classification of the opacity of lenses. We generate a set of sparse solutions of different domains but of the same dimension, and then superimpose them to give a general solution with its dimension treated as a regularization parameter. An optimal solution, which provides a reliable description of a particle system, is determined by the L-curve criterion for selecting the suitable value of the regularization parameter. The performance of our method is evaluated by analyzing simulated data generated from unimodal and bimodal distributions. From the reconstructed distributions, we see that our method gives high resolution comparable to the sophisticated Bryan’s maximum-entropy algorithm, which gives better resolution than CONTIN. Our method is then applied to experimental DLS data of the ocular lenses of a fetal calf and a Rhesus monkey to obtain optimal particle size distributions of crystallins and the crystallin aggregates in the lenses. We conclude by discussing possible improvements on our method for analyzing DLS data and for solving any linear inverse problem by an SBL algorithm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational & Applied Mathematics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN field theory
KW  - LAPLACE transformation
KW  - INVERSIONS (Geometry)
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - RHESUS monkey
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - Cataract
KW  - Dynamic light scattering
KW  - Laplace transform inversion
KW  - Ocular tissues
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Regularization method
KW  - Sparse Bayesian learning
N1  - Accession Number: 57533582; Nyeo, Su-Long 1; Email Address: t14269@mail.ncku.edu.tw Ansari, Rafat R. 2; Email Address: Rafat.R.Ansari@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan, ROC  2: Bioscience and Technology Branch, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Mail Stop 110-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 235 Issue 8, p2861; Subject Term: BAYESIAN field theory; Subject Term: LAPLACE transformation; Subject Term: INVERSIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: RHESUS monkey; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cataract; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laplace transform inversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocular tissues; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle size distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regularization method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sparse Bayesian learning; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cam.2010.12.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spruce, Joseph P.
AU  - Sader, Steven
AU  - Ryan, Robert E.
AU  - Smoot, James
AU  - Kuper, Philip
AU  - Ross, Kenton
AU  - Prados, Donald
AU  - Russell, Jeffrey
AU  - Gasser, Gerald
AU  - McKellip, Rodney
AU  - Hargrove, William
T1  - Assessment of MODIS NDVI time series data products for detecting forest defoliation by gypsy moth outbreaks
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 427
EP  - 437
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: This paper discusses an assessment of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) time-series data products for detecting forest defoliation from European gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). This paper describes an effort to aid the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service in developing and assessing MODIS-based gypsy moth defoliation detection products and methods that could be applied in near real time without intensive field survey data collection as a precursor. In our study, MODIS data for 2000–2006 were processed for the mid-Appalachian highland region of the United States. Gypsy moth defoliation maps showing defoliated forests versus non-defoliated areas were produced from temporally filtered and composited MOD02 and MOD13 data using unsupervised classification and image thresholding of maximum value normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets computed for the defoliation period (June 10–July 27) of 2001 and of the entire time series. These products were validated by comparing stratified random sample locations to relevant Landsat and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) reference data sets. Composites of 250 m daily MOD02 outperformed 16-day MOD13 data in terms of classifying forest defoliation, showing a lower omission error rate (0.09 versus 0.56), a similar Kappa (0.67 versus 0.79), a comparable commission error rate (0.22 versus 0.14), and higher overall classification agreement (88 versus 79%). Results suggest that temporally processed MODIS time-series data can detect with good agreement to available reference data the extent and location of historical regional gypsy moth defoliation patches of 0.25 km2 or more for 250-meter products. The temporal processing techniques used in this study enabled effective broad regional, “wall to wall” gypsy moth defoliation detection products for a 6.2million ha region that were not produced previously with either MODIS or other satellite data. This study provides new, previously unavailable information on the relative agreement of temporally processed, gypsy moth defoliation detection products from MODIS NDVI time series data with respect to higher spatial resolution Landsat and ASTER data. These results also provided needed timely information on the potential of MODIS data for contributing near real time defoliation products to a USDA Forest Service Forest Threat Early Warning System. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - DEFOLIATION
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - GYPSY moth
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Defoliation classification accuracy
KW  - Gypsy moth
KW  - MODIS NDVI time series data
KW  - National forest threat early warning system
KW  - Regional forest defoliation detection products
KW  - Temporal data processing
N1  - Accession Number: 57300127; Spruce, Joseph P. 1; Email Address: joseph.p.spruce@nasa.gov Sader, Steven 2 Ryan, Robert E. 3 Smoot, James 1 Kuper, Philip 1 Ross, Kenton 4 Prados, Donald 5 Russell, Jeffrey 6 Gasser, Gerald 7 McKellip, Rodney 8 Hargrove, William 9; Affiliation:  1: Computer Sciences Corporation, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, formerly with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States  2: University of Maine, Orono, Maine, United States  3: Innovative Imaging & Research, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; formerly with Science Systems and Applications, Inc., John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland, United States  5: Diamond Data Systems; formerly with Computer Sciences Corporation, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States  6: Naval Research Laboratory, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, formerly with Computer Sciences Corporation, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States  7: Lockheed Martin Mission Services—Civil Programs, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States  8: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John C. Stennis Space Center, Mississippi, United States  9: United States Forest Service, Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center, Asheville, North Carolina, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 115 Issue 2, p427; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: DEFOLIATION; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: GYPSY moth; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Defoliation classification accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gypsy moth; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS NDVI time series data; Author-Supplied Keyword: National forest threat early warning system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional forest defoliation detection products; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temporal data processing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Yang
AU  - Wang, Zifeng
AU  - Wang, Jun
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Newsom, Robert K.
AU  - Welton, Ellsworth J.
T1  - The effect of aerosol vertical profiles on satellite-estimated surface particle sulfate concentrations
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 508
EP  - 513
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The aerosol vertical distribution is an important factor in determining the relationship between satellite retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and ground-level fine particle pollution concentrations. We evaluate how aerosol profiles measured by ground-based lidar and simulated by models can help improve the association between AOD retrieved by the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and fine particle sulfate (SO4) concentrations using matched data at two lidar sites. At the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) site, both lidar and model aerosol profiles marginally improve the association between SO4 concentrations and MISR fractional AODs, as the correlation coefficient between cross-validation (CV) and observed SO4 concentrations changes from 0.87 for the no-scaling model to 0.88 for models scaled with aerosol vertical profiles. At the GSFC site, a large amount of urban aerosols resides in the well-mixed boundary layer so the column fractional AODs are already excellent indicators of ground-level particle pollution. In contrast, at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM) site with relatively low aerosol loadings, scaling substantially improves model performance. The correlation coefficient between CV and observed SO4 concentrations is increased from 0.58 for the no-scaling model to 0.76 in the GEOS-Chem scaling model, and the model bias is reduced from 17% to 9%. In summary, despite the inaccuracy due to the coarse horizontal resolution and the challenges of simulating turbulent mixing in the boundary layer, GEOS-Chem simulated aerosol profiles can still improve methods for estimating surface aerosol (SO4) mass from satellite-based AODs, particularly in rural areas where aerosols in the free troposphere and any long-range transport of aerosols can significantly contribute to the column AOD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ARM SGP Raman lidar
KW  - Fractional AOD
KW  - GAM
KW  - MISR
KW  - MPLNET
KW  - SO4
N1  - Accession Number: 57300133; Liu, Yang 1; Email Address: yang.liu@emory.edu Wang, Zifeng 2 Wang, Jun 3 Ferrare, Richard A. 4 Newsom, Robert K. 5 Welton, Ellsworth J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 1518 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States  2: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Beijing, China  3: University of Nebraska, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Lincoln, NE  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, United States  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 115 Issue 2, p508; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARM SGP Raman lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional AOD; Author-Supplied Keyword: GAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: MISR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MPLNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO4; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2010.09.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atli, K.C.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Maier, H.J.
T1  - Comparative analysis of the effects of severe plastic deformation and thermomechanical training on the functional stability of Ti50.5Ni24.5Pd25 high-temperature shape memory alloy
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2011/02/15/
VL  - 64
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 318
SN  - 13596462
AB  - We compare the effectiveness of a conventional thermomechanical training procedure and severe plastic deformation via equal channel angular extrusion to achieve improved functional stability in a Ti50.5Ni24.5Pd25 high-temperature shape memory alloy. Thermomechanical testing indicates that both methods result in enhanced shape memory characteristics, such as reduced irrecoverable strain and thermal hysteresis. The mechanisms responsible for the improvements are discussed in light of microstructural findings from transmission electron microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PLASTICS
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - HYSTERESIS
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical properties
KW  - Actuator
KW  - Equal channel angular extrusion/equal channel angular pressing
KW  - High-temperature shape memory alloys
KW  - TiNiPd
KW  - Training
N1  - Accession Number: 55514459; Atli, K.C. 1 Karaman, I. 1,2; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Noebe, R.D. 3 Maier, H.J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 49-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: University of Paderborn, Lehrstuhl für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), 33098 Paderborn, Germany; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 64 Issue 4, p315; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PLASTICS; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: HYSTERESIS; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equal channel angular extrusion/equal channel angular pressing; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiNiPd; Author-Supplied Keyword: Training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326121 Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.10.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kolenberg, K.
AU  - Bryson, S.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Smolec, R.
AU  - Nemec, J. M.
AU  - Guggenberger, E.
AU  - Moskalik, P.
AU  - Benkő, J. M.
AU  - Chadid, M.
AU  - Jeon, Y.-B.
AU  - Kiss, L. L.
AU  - Kopacki, G.
AU  - Nuspl, J.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Caldwell, D. A.
AU  - Jenkins, J. M.
T1  - Kepler photometry of the prototypical Blazhko star RR Lyr: an old friend seen in a new light.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/02/21/
VL  - 411
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 878
EP  - 890
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present our analysis of the long-cadence Kepler data for the well-studied Blazhko star RR Lyr, gathered during the first two quarters of the satellite's observations and covering a total of 127 d. Besides being of great importance for our understanding of RR Lyrae stars in general, these RR Lyr data can be regarded as a case study for observations of bright stars with Kepler. Kepler can perform high-precision photometry on targets like RR Lyr, as the saturated flux is conserved to a very high degree. The Kepler data on RR Lyr are revolutionary in several respects. Even with long-cadence sampling (one measurement per 29.4 min), the unprecedented precision ( mmag) of the Kepler photometry allows the study of the star's extreme light-curve variations in detail. The multiplet structures at the main frequency and its harmonics, typical for Blazhko stars, are clearly detected up to the quintuplets. For the first time, photometric data of RR Lyr reveal the presence of half-integer frequencies, linked to a period-doubling effect. This phenomenon may be connected to the still unexplained Blazhko modulation. Moreover, with three observed Blazhko cycles at our disposal, we observe that there is no exact repetition in the light-curve changes from one modulation cycle to the next for RR Lyr. This may be due to additional periodicities in the star, or to transient or quasi-periodic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - CLASSIFICATION of stars
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 57829107; Kolenberg, K. 1 Bryson, S. 2 Szabó, R. 3 Kurtz, D. W. 4 Smolec, R. 1 Nemec, J. M. 5 Guggenberger, E. 1 Moskalik, P. 6 Benkő, J. M. 3 Chadid, M. 7 Jeon, Y.-B. 8 Kiss, L. L. 3,9 Kopacki, G. 10 Nuspl, J. 3 Still, M. 2 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 11 Kjeldsen, H. 11 Borucki, W. J. 2 Caldwell, D. A. 12 Jenkins, J. M. 12; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Astronomie, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Quarter Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  4: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  5: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Camosun College, Victoria, British Columbia, V8P 5J2, Canada  6: Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland  7: Observatoire de la Côte dAzur, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR 6525, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France  8: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Korea  9: Sydney Insitute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  10: Instytut Astronomiczny Uniwersytetu Wroclawskiego, Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wroclaw, Poland  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  12: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 411 Issue 2, p878; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION of stars; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17728.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yuan, H.-B.
AU  - Liu, X.-W.
AU  - Péquignot, D.
AU  - Rubin, R. H.
AU  - Ercolano, B.
AU  - Zhang, Y.
T1  - Three-dimensional chemically homogeneous and bi-abundance photoionization models of the 'super-metal-rich' planetary nebula NGC 6153.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/02/21/
VL  - 411
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1035
EP  - 1052
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Deep spectroscopy of the planetary nebula NGC 6153 shows that its heavy element abundances derived from optical recombination lines (ORLs) are 10 times higher than those derived from collisionally excited lines (CELs), and points to the existence of H-deficient inclusions embedded in the diffuse nebula. In this study, we have constructed chemically homogeneous and bi-abundance three-dimensional photoionization models, using the Monte Carlo photoionization code . We attempt to reproduce the multiwaveband spectroscopic and imaging observations of NGC 6153, and investigate the nature and origin of the postulated H-deficient inclusions, as well as their impacts on the empirical nebular analyses assuming a uniform chemical composition. Our results show that chemically homogeneous models yield small electron temperature fluctuations and fail to reproduce the strengths of ORLs from C, N, O and Ne ions. In contrast, bi-abundance models incorporating a small amount of metal-rich inclusions ( per cent of the total nebular mass) are able to match all the observations within the measurement uncertainties. The metal-rich clumps, cooled down to a very low temperature ( K) by ionic infrared fine-structure lines, dominate the emission of heavy element ORLs, but contribute almost nil to the emission of most CELs. We find that the abundances of C, N, O and Ne derived empirically from CELs, assuming a uniform chemical composition, are about 30 per cent lower than the corresponding average values of the whole nebula, including the contribution from the H-deficient inclusions. Ironically, in the presence of H-deficient inclusions, the traditional standard analysis of the optical helium recombination lines, assuming a chemically homogeneous nebula, overestimates the helium abundance by 40 per cent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ELECTRON temperature
KW  - STARS -- Constitution
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 57829128; Yuan, H.-B. 1 Liu, X.-W. 1,2 Péquignot, D. 3 Rubin, R. H. 2,4,5 Ercolano, B. 6,7,8 Zhang, Y. 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  2: Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  3: LUTH, Laboratoire l'Univers et ses Théories, associé au CNRS (FRE 2462) et á l'Université Paris 7, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon, F-92195 Meudon Cédex, France  4: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  6: School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT  8: Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OHA  9: Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 411 Issue 2, p1035; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ELECTRON temperature; Subject Term: STARS -- Constitution; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17732.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Catanzaro, G.
AU  - Ripepi, V.
AU  - Bernabei, S.
AU  - Marconi, M.
AU  - Balona, L.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Smalley, B.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Bruntt, H.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Grigahcène, A.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Koch, D. G.
AU  - Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.
AU  - Suárez, J. C.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Uytterhoeven, K.
T1  - Atmospheric parameters and pulsational properties for a sample of δ Sct, γ Dor and hybrid Kepler targets.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/02/21/
VL  - 411
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1167
EP  - 1176
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We report spectroscopic observations for 19 δ Sct candidates observed by the Kepler satellite both in long and short cadence mode. For all these stars, by using spectral synthesis, we derive the effective temperature, the surface gravity and the projected rotational velocity. An equivalent spectral-type classification has been also performed for all stars in the sample. These determinations are fundamental for modelling the frequency spectra that will be extracted from the Kepler data for asteroseismic inference. For all the 19 stars, we also present periodograms obtained from Kepler data. We find that all stars show peaks in both low- (γ Dor; g-mode) and high-frequency (δ Sct; p-mode) regions. Using the amplitudes and considering 5 cycles d as a boundary frequency, we classified three stars as pure γ Dor, four as γ Dor-δ hybrid Sct, five as δ Sct-γ Dor hybrid and six as pure δ Sct. The only exception is the star KIC 05296877, which we suggest could be a binary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - FREQUENCY spectra
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - STARS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 57829093; Catanzaro, G. 1 Ripepi, V. 2 Bernabei, S. 3 Marconi, M. 2 Balona, L. 4 Kurtz, D. W. 5 Smalley, B. 6 Borucki, W. J. 7 Bruntt, H. 8,9 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 9 Grigahcène, A. 10 Kjeldsen, H. 9 Koch, D. G. 7 Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G. 10 Suárez, J. C. 11 Szabó, R. 12 Uytterhoeven, K. 13; Affiliation:  1: INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S.Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  2: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy  3: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy  4: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa  5: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  6: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  7: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Observatoire de Paris, LESIA, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Building 1520, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  10: Centro de Astrofísica and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 410-762 Porto, Portugal  11: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC). Rotonda de la Astronomía S/N. Granada, Spain  12: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 67, 1525 Budapest, Hungary  13: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot; CEA, IRFU, SAp, centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 411 Issue 2, p1167; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: FREQUENCY spectra; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.17749.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devami, Keivan
AU  - Kang, Daegun
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Synthesis of ZnTe nanostructures by vapor–liquid–solid technique
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2011/02/28/
VL  - 504
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 66
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: We have synthesized nanowires of ZnTe using a vapor–liquid–solid approach and found the morphology to be dependant upon the growth temperature. Widely varying structures ranging from cylindrical and tapered nanowires to nanoribbons are obtained depending on the substrate location, gas flow rate and pressure all of which change the temperature distribution within the reactor. The reactor is also modeled to understand the impact of temperature on growth morphology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - ZINC telluride
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - MODELS & modelmaking
KW  - CHEMICAL reactors
N1  - Accession Number: 58748493; Devami, Keivan 1 Kang, Daegun 1 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr Meyyappan, M. 2; Email Address: m.meyyappan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT-Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Feb2011, Vol. 504 Issue 1-3, p62; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: ZINC telluride; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: GAS flow; Subject Term: MODELS & modelmaking; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactors; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.01.053
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=58748493&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Lin
AU  - Greenberg, Paul S.
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
AU  - Chen, Da Ren
T1  - Study of a Magnetic Filter System for the Characterization of Particle Magnetic Property.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 335
SN  - 02786826
AB  - A magnetic filter system has been constructed, and its performance has been investigated, to measure the magnetic property of monodisperse γ-Fe2O3 particles in the size range from 100 to 300 nm. In the system, SS 430 screens are placed in the magnetic filter element and exposed to a strong external magnetic field generated by an electric coil. The high magnetic field gradient resulted from magnetized fine wires enhances the collection of magnetic particles in addition to the particle collection via the diffusion mechanism. The particle concentrations at the upstream and downstream of the magnetic filter element were measured by an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter (UCPC, TSI model 3025A). Particle penetration obtained in the experiment is a function of particle size, particle magnetic property, and wire magnetization. To retrieve the magnetic property of characterized particles from the measured penetration data, a numerical model was further developed using the finite element package COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5. In this modeling, a single mesh screen is assumed to be represented by unit cells. The flow, the magnetic fields, and particle trajectory were solved in a unit cell. The relationship between particle penetration and magnetic property can then be obtained via this model for the given particle size, aerosol flowrate, and external magnetic field strength. The numerical model was first validated by comparing the experimental penetration with the simulation results for the case of 100, 150, and 250 nm γ-Fe2O3 particles having the magnetic susceptibility characterized by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The magnetic susceptibilities of other sizes from 100 to 300 nm were then derived from this model according to the measured penetration data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC separators
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - ELECTRIC coils
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MAGNETIC susceptibility
KW  - MAGNETOMETERS
N1  - Accession Number: 56620162; Li, Lin 1 Greenberg, Paul S. 2 Street, Kenneth W. 2 Chen, Da Ren 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA  2: Microgravity Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p327; Subject Term: MAGNETIC separators; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRIC coils; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: MAGNETIC susceptibility; Subject Term: MAGNETOMETERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2010.534514
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Minseock
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Phairoh, Thongchai
AU  - Jen-Kuang Huang
AU  - Chuh Mei
T1  - Adaptive Control of Nonlinear Free Vibration of Shallow Shell Using Piezoelectric Actuators.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 488
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A coupled structural-electrical nonlinear modal finite-element multiple-mode formulation for laminated composite shallow shells with embedded piezoelectric sensors and actuators is presented for the suppression of large-amplitude undamped free vibrations. Composite shells exhibiting both softening and hardening behavior are investigated. The linear quadratic regulator combined with an extended Kalman filter is employed as an active controller for the suppression of nonlinear free vibrations. However, when the frequency of limit-cycle oscillations is suddenly changed from the softening to the hardening response characteristics or vice versa, active controller has difficulties to adjust the control parameters to cope with the changed structural response. To mitigate this issue, the currently developed controller is adaptively designed using the system identification which has the ability to identify the frequency of limit-cycle oscillations. It is shown that the adaptive controller constructed of the linear quadratic regulator and extended Kalman filter with system identification is suitable for suppression of the sudden change of shallow-shell response characteristics. The norm of optimal feedback control gain method for actuators and the norm of Kalman filter estimator gain method for sensors are employed to determine their optimal locations, respectively. Two different self-sensing actuator types, PZT5A and macrofiber composite, are used and their control performance for the suppression of the oscillations is compared. The numerical results illustrate that the adaptive controller can successfully suppress the nonlinear free vibrations, even with unknown sudden changes in the multimode response characteristic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - FREE vibration
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ACTUATORS
N1  - Accession Number: 59393480; Park, Minseock 1,2,3,4; Email Address: mseockpark@koreanair.com Przekop, Adam 5,6,7; Email Address: Adam.Przekop@nasa.gov Phairoh, Thongchai 8,9; Email Address: tphairoh@vsu.edu Jen-Kuang Huang 1,10,11; Email Address: jhuang@odu.edu Chuh Mei 1,12,13; Email Address: cmei@odu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: Research Assistant, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering  3: Aircraft Development Team, MUAV Development Center, Korean Air, 461-1, Jeonmin-dong, Yusung-Gu Daejeon 305-811, Republic of Korea  4: Student Member, AIAA  5: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  6: Senior Structural Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 463  7: Senior Member, AIAA  8: Virginia State University, Petersburg, Virginia 23806  9: Assistant Professor, Department of Engineering and Technology, I Hayden Drive  10: Professor and Chair, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 238 Kaufman Hall  11: Member, AIAA  12: Eminent Scholar Emeritus and Professor Emeritus, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 238 Kaufman Hall  13: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p472; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: FREE vibration; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.38520
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Chang, Chau-Lyan
AU  - Streett, Craig
AU  - Carpenter, Mark
T1  - Computational Modeling of Roughness-Based Laminar Flow Control on a Subsonic Swept Wing.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 520
EP  - 529
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A combination of parabolized stability equations and secondary instability theory has been applied to a low-speed swept airfoil model with a chord Reynolds number of 7.15 million, with the goal of evaluating this methodology in the context of transition prediction for a known configuration for which roughness-based crossflow transition control has been demonstrated under flight conditions. Nonlinear parabolized stability equations computations indicate that progressive reduction in the growth of the linearly most amplified stationary crossflow mode can be achieved via increasingly stronger control input corresponding to the first harmonic of the target mode. The reduction in the target mode amplitude is accompanied by reduced linear growth rates of the high-frequency secondary instabilities that lead to rapid breakdown of the laminar flow. The secondary instability predictions based on secondary instability theory are shown to agree well with those based on the parabolized stability equations. The possibility of overcontrol is also assessed, and it is found that premature transition due to excessive control can be avoided by keeping the control amplitude below a certain threshold. The nonlinear development of the most unstable Z-mode secondary instability is traced using the parabolized stability equation method, so as to yield physics-based prediction of crossflow-dominated transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - LAMINAR flow
N1  - Accession Number: 59393484; Fei Li 1,2 Choudhari, Meelan 1,2 Chang, Chau-Lyan 1,2 Streett, Craig 1,2 Carpenter, Mark 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Technologist, Computational AeroSciences Branch; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p520; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050503
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Padulo, Mattia
AU  - Campobasso, M. Sergio
AU  - Guenov, Marin D.
T1  - Novel Uncertainty Propagation Method for Robust Aerodynamic Design.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 530
EP  - 543
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Starting from a comparative study of various methods for uncertainty propagation, this paper presents a novel reduced quadrature technique to be used in gradient-based robust design optimization of aerodynamic shapes. The accuracy and computational efficiency of the method are investigated by means of mathematical analyses and numerical examples. The method is then applied to the robust design of airfoils under probabilistic uncertainty. It is shown that the solutions obtained through the proposed method can outperform those obtained through linearization, without any significant increase in computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 59393485; Padulo, Mattia 1,2 Campobasso, M. Sergio 3,4 Guenov, Marin D. 1,5,6; Affiliation:  1: Cranfield University, Cranfield, England MK43 OAL, United Kingdom  2: School of Engineering; currently NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland G12 8QQ, United Kingdom  4: Lecturer, School of Engineering  5: Professor, School of Engineering  6: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p530; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 11 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050448
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taha, G.
AU  - Rault, D. F.
AU  - Loughman, R. P.
AU  - Bourassa, A. E.
AU  - Savigny, C. von
T1  - SCIAMACHY stratospheric aerosol extinction profile retrieval using the OMPS/LP algorithm.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 547
EP  - 556
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study which aims to measure the capability of Ozone Mapper and Profiler Suite, Limp Profiler (OMPS/LP) retrieval algorithm to retrieve the distribution of stratospheric aerosol in the ozone profiling. The study states that aerosol extinction coefficient can be retrieved from limb scatter measurements within 5%. Also, the study illustrates the ability of Scnning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) to improve aerosol extinction profiles.
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 70126756; Taha, G. 1 Rault, D. F. 2 Loughman, R. P. 3 Bourassa, A. E. 4 Savigny, C. von 5; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc. Lanham, MD, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada  5: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p547; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 13 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-4-547-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Radiation-Hardened Electronics and Ferroelectric Memory for Space Flight Systems.
JO  - Ferroelectrics
JF  - Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 413
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 170
EP  - 175
SN  - 00150193
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is developing high-tolerance, radiation-hardened electronics for missions in and beyond Low Earth orbit. Ferroelectric-based electronics are highly viable candidates for these electronics because of their inherent radiation-hardened property. Since standard memory devices are prone to damage caused by radiation, ferroelectric memory may provide the needed radiation-tolerance. To test the effectiveness of ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) in Low Earth orbit, a 512 K Ramtron FRAM will be flown on a Low Earth orbit satellite that will be launched by NASA. This paper discusses the advantages of ferroelectric electronics and outlines the Low Earth orbit ferroelectric memory test experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRIONICS
KW  - RADIATION hardening (Electronics)
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - FERROELECTRICITY
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - ferroelectric memory
KW  - FRAM
KW  - Radiation-hardened electronics
KW  - satellite
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 62597554; Sayyah, Rana 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 413 Issue 1, p170; Subject Term: ASTRIONICS; Subject Term: RADIATION hardening (Electronics); Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: FRAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation-hardened electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00150193.2011.554145
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WANG, WEILE
AU  - DUNGAN, JENNIFER
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - MICHAELIS, ANDREW R.
AU  - MILESI, CRISTINA
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Diagnosing and assessing uncertainties of terrestrial ecosystem models in a multimodel ensemble experiment: 1. Primary production.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1350
EP  - 1366
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - We conducted an ensemble modeling exercise using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS) to evaluate sources of uncertainty in carbon flux estimates resulting from structural differences among ecosystem models. The experiment ran public-domain versions of , and over North America at 8 km resolution and for the period of 1982-2006. We developed the Hierarchical Framework for Diagnosing Ecosystem Models (HFDEM) to separate the simulated biogeochemistry into a cascade of three functional tiers and sequentially examine their characteristics in climate (temperature-precipitation) and other spaces. Analysis of the simulated annual gross primary production (GPP) in the climate domain indicates a general agreement among the models, all showing optimal GPP in regions where the relationship between annual average temperature ( T,  °C) and annual total precipitation ( P, mm) is defined by P=50 T+500. However, differences in simulated GPP are identified in magnitudes and distribution patterns. For forests, the GPP gradient along P=50 T+500 ranges from ∼50 g C yr m  °C () to ∼125 g C yr m  °C () in cold/temperate regions; for nonforests, the diversity among GPP distributions is even larger. Positive linear relationships are found between annual GPP and annual mean leaf area index (LAI) in all models. For and , such relationships lead to a positive feedback from LAI growth to GPP enhancement. Different approaches to constrain this feedback lead to different sensitivity of the models to disturbances such as fire, which contribute significantly to the diversity in GPP stated above. The ratios between independently simulated NPP and GPP are close to 50% on average; however, their distribution patterns vary significantly between models, reflecting the difficulties in estimating autotrophic respiration across various climate regimes. Although these results are drawn from our experiments with the tested model versions, the developed methodology has potential for other model exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC examinations
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - NORTH America
KW  - biogeochemistry
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - model intercomparison
KW  - model uncertainty
KW  - multimodel ensemble
KW  - primary production
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem model
N1  - Accession Number: 57680078; WANG, WEILE 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com DUNGAN, JENNIFER 2 HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 1,2 MICHAELIS, ANDREW R. 1,2 MILESI, CRISTINA 1,2 ICHII, KAZUHITO 3 NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 2; Affiliation:  1: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Japan; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p1350; Subject Term: DIAGNOSTIC examinations; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: NORTH America; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: model intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: model uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: multimodel ensemble; Author-Supplied Keyword: primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem model; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02309.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WANG, WEILE
AU  - DUNGAN, JENNIFER
AU  - HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI
AU  - MICHAELIS, ANDREW R.
AU  - MILESI, CRISTINA
AU  - ICHII, KAZUHITO
AU  - NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R.
T1  - Diagnosing and assessing uncertainties of terrestrial ecosystem models in a multimodel ensemble experiment: 2. Carbon balance.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1367
EP  - 1378
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - This paper examines carbon stocks and their relative balance in terrestrial ecosystems simulated by Biome-BGC, LPJ, and CASA in an ensemble model experiment conducted using the Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System. We developed the Hierarchical Framework for Diagnosing Ecosystem Models to separate the simulated biogeochemistry into a cascade of functional tiers and examine their characteristics sequentially. The analyses indicate that the simulated biomass is usually two to three times higher in Biome-BGC than LPJ or CASA. Such a discrepancy is mainly induced by differences in model parameters and algorithms that regulate the rates of biomass turnover. The mean residence time of biomass in Biome-BGC is estimated to be 40-80 years in temperate/moist climate regions, while it mostly varies between 5 and 30 years in CASA and LPJ. A large range of values is also found in the simulated soil carbon. The mean residence time of soil carbon in Biome-BGC and LPJ is ∼200 years in cold regions, which decreases rapidly with increases of temperature at a rate of ∼10 yr °C. Because long-term soil carbon pool is not simulated in CASA, its corresponding mean residence time is only about 10-20 years and less sensitive to temperature. Another key factor that influences the carbon balance of the simulated ecosystem is disturbance caused by wildfire, for which the algorithms vary among the models. Because fire emissions are balanced by net ecosystem production (NEP) at steady states, magnitudes, and spatial patterns of NEP vary significantly as well. Slight carbon imbalance may be left by the spin-up algorithm of the models, which adds uncertainty to the estimated carbon sources or sinks. Although these results are only drawn on the tested model versions, the developed methodology has potential for other model exercises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC examinations
KW  - CARBON
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - FORECASTING
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - biogeochemistry
KW  - carbon balance
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - model intercomparison
KW  - model uncertainty
KW  - multimodel ensemble
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem model
N1  - Accession Number: 57680074; WANG, WEILE 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com DUNGAN, JENNIFER 2 HASHIMOTO, HIROFUMI 1,2 MICHAELIS, ANDREW R. 1,2 MILESI, CRISTINA 1,2 ICHII, KAZUHITO 3 NEMANI, RAMAKRISHNA R. 2; Affiliation:  1: California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p1367; Subject Term: DIAGNOSTIC examinations; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: FORECASTING; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: model intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: model uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: multimodel ensemble; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem model; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02315.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manning, Curtis V.
AU  - Ma, Yingjuan
AU  - Brain, David A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - Parametric analysis of modeled ion escape from Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 212
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 137
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We develop a parametric fit to the results of a detailed magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) study of the response of ion escape rates (O+, and ) to strongly varied solar forcing factors, as a way to efficiently extend the MHD results to different conditions. We then use this to develop a second, evolutionary model of solar forced ion escape. We treat the escape fluxes of ion species at Mars as proportional to the product of power laws of four factors – that of the EUV flux R  euv , the solar wind particle density R  ρ , its velocity (squared) , and the interplanetary magnetic field pressure , where forcing factors are expressed in units of the current epoch-averaged values. Our parametric model is: , where ϕ(i) is the escape flux of ion i. We base our study on the results of just six provided MHD model runs employing large forcing factor variations, and thus construct a successful, first-order parametric model of the MHD program. We perform a five-dimensional least squares fit of this power law model to the MHD results to derive the flux normalizations and the indices of the solar forcing factors. For O+, we obtain the values, 1.73×1024 s−1, 0.782, 0.251, 0.382, and 0.214, for ϕ 0, α, β, γ, and δ, respectively. For , the corresponding values are 1.68×1024 s−1, −0.393, 0.798, 0.967, and 0.533. For , they are 8.66×1022 s−1, −0.427, 1.083, 1.214, and 0.690. The fit reproduces the MHD results to an average error of about 5%, suggesting that the power laws are broadly representative of the MHD model results. Our analysis of the MHD model shows that by itself an increase in R  EUV  enhances O+ loss, but suppresses the escape of and , whereas increases in solar wind (i.e., in , and , with R  euv  constant) favors the escape of heavier ions more than light ions. The ratios of escaping ions detectable at Mars today can be predicted by this parametric fit as a function of the solar forcing factors. We also use the parametric model to compute escape rates over martian history. This second parametric model expresses ion escape functions of one variable (per ion), ϕ(i)= ϕ 0(i)(t/t 0)−ξ(i). The ξ(i) are linear combinations of the epoch-averaged ion escape sensitivities, which are seen to increase with ion mass. We integrate the and oxygen ion escape rates over time, and find that in the last 3.85Gyr, Mars would have lost about mbars of , and of water (from O+ and ) from ion escape. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - IONS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 58756347; Manning, Curtis V. 1,2; Email Address: cmanning@ssl.berkeley.edu Ma, Yingjuan 3 Brain, David A. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Zahnle, Kevin J. 2; Affiliation:  1: U.C. Berkeley Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, United States  2: NASA – Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: IGPP, 3845 Schlichter Hall, 603 C.E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90065-1567, United States; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 212 Issue 1, p131; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitchell, Cody
AU  - Laws, Crystal
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Static Characteristics of the Ferroelectric Transistor Inverter.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 125
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 129
SN  - 10584587
AB  - The inverter is one of the most fundamental building blocks of digital logic, and it can be used as the foundation for understanding more complex logic gates and circuits. This paper presents the characteristics of an inverter circuit using a ferroelectric field-effect transistor. The voltage transfer characteristics are analyzed with respect to varying parameters such as supply voltage, input voltage, and load resistance. The effects of the ferroelectric layer between the gate and semiconductor are examined, and comparisons are made between the inverters using ferroelectric transistors and those using traditional MOSFETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - BLOCKS (Building materials)
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits -- Alternating current
KW  - INTEGRATED injection logic
KW  - VOLTAGE-frequency converters
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - inverter
KW  - MOSFET
N1  - Accession Number: 62610475; Mitchell, Cody 1; Email Address: codymitchell@mentor.com Laws, Crystal 1 MacLeod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 125 Issue 1, p123; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: BLOCKS (Building materials); Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits -- Alternating current; Subject Term: INTEGRATED injection logic; Subject Term: VOLTAGE-frequency converters; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverter; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOSFET; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2011.574466
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laws, Crystal
AU  - Mitchell, Cody
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Switching Characteristics of Ferroelectric Transistor Inverters.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 125
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 141
EP  - 146
SN  - 10584587
AB  - This paper presents the switching characteristics of an inverter circuit using a ferroelectric field effect transistor, FeFET. The propagation delay time characteristics, τphl and τplh are presented along with the output voltage rise and fall times, τrise and τfall. The propagation delay is the time-delay between the V50% transitions of the input and output voltages. The rise and fall times are the times required for the output voltages to transition between the voltage levels V10% and V90%. Comparisons are made between the MOSFET inverter and the ferroelectric transistor inverter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC circuit analysis
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - ELECTRIC inverters
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - VOLTAGE regulators
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - MOSFET
N1  - Accession Number: 62610473; Laws, Crystal 1; Email Address: crystal.laws@us.army.mil Mitchell, Cody 1 MacLeod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A.  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Space Science and Technology Center, Huntsville, Alabama, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 125 Issue 1, p141; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuit analysis; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inverters; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: VOLTAGE regulators; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOSFET; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2011.574472
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Craig E.
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Xia, Zhenhai
T1  - Electrical Resistance as a Nondestructive Evaluation Technique for SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites Under Creep-Rupture Loading.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 307
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites under creep-rupture loading accumulate damage by means of local matrix cracks that typically form near a stress concentration, such as a 90° fiber tow or a large matrix pore, and grow over time. Such damage is difficult to detect through conventional techniques. This study demonstrates that electrical resistance is a viable method of monitoring and inspecting damage in SiC/SiC composites at high temperature. Both interrupted and uninterrupted creep-rupture experiments were performed at 1315°C and 110 MPa with in situ resistance measurements. A linear relationship was found between resistance and cumulative crack depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 59301238; Smith, Craig E. 1 Morscher, Gregory N. 1 Xia, Zhenhai 1; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Ceramics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center MS 106-5, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p298; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02587.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zou, Linhua
AU  - Wali, Natalie
AU  - Yang, Jenn-Ming
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Yan, Dong
T1  - Microstructural Characterization of a C.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 341
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - The microstructure of a carbon fiber-reinforced ZrC matrix composite, C/ZrC, manufactured by reactive melt infiltration (RMI) was characterized by optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy. Characterization results revealed a heterogeneous microstructure typical of composites processed by RMI. The major features that were observed include ZrC single crystals in the matrix, Zr-ZrC eutectic phase, and the fiber/matrix interface. The hardness and modulus of ZrC single crystals and the eutectic phase were determined through micro- and nanoindentation. EBSD studies proved that ZrC matrix grains distribute randomly. Fiber bundle areas were examined and revealed poor intrabundle infiltration. Closer inspection of the ZrC crystals revealed the presence of never-before reported inclusions. Analysis of the inclusions revealed their phase composition and a microstructural formation mechanism outlines their development during processing. The phase composition was proved to be nanosized α-Zr with round or needle-like shape. There are two plausible mechanisms for the formation of the inclusion. One is the trapping mechanism that some liquid zirconium from grain boundaries of ZrC grains may become trapped inside ZrC particles during their coalescence growth. The other is precipitation mechanism that α-Zr may precipitate inside some ZrC grains during formation of Zr-ZrC eutectic phase or ZrC grains with deficient carbon under cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - ZIRCONIUM carbide
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MANUFACTURES
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - ELECTRONS -- Backscattering
N1  - Accession Number: 59301224; Zou, Linhua 1 Wali, Natalie 1 Yang, Jenn-Ming 1 Bansal, Narottam P. 2 Yan, Dong 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1595  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Center of Nanosciences and Nanoengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92780; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p329; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM carbide; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MANUFACTURES; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRONS -- Backscattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339999 All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339990 All other miscellaneous manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2010.02580.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omar, A. A.
AU  - Safia, O.H. Abu
AU  - Scardelletti, M. C.
T1  - Design of dual-band bandpass coplanar waveguide filter.
JO  - International Journal of Electronics
JF  - International Journal of Electronics
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 98
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 322
SN  - 00207217
AB  - Several recent applications in communications require filters that can operate in two or more frequency bands. The aim of this article is to exploit the advantages of coplanar waveguides (CPWs) to design a dual-band bandpass coplanar waveguide filter (DBBPF). Starting from the prototype of a two pole Chebyshev low pass filter, two frequency transformations are applied to generate the DBBPF's lumped equivalent circuit. These circuits are then implemented using compact CPW series-connected resonators patterned in the centre conductor. The designed filter operates at the two frequency bands centred at 1.7 GHz and 2.7 GHz. Measured results are obtained and compared to HFSS-simulated results with very good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Electronics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BANDPASS filters
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - ELECTRIC circuits
KW  - ELECTRIC resonators
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - bandpass filters
KW  - coplanar waveguide
KW  - dual band
KW  - frequency transformation
KW  - resonators
N1  - Accession Number: 59272088; Omar, A. A. 1 Safia, O.H. Abu 2 Scardelletti, M. C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia  2: Department of Communications Engineering, Hijjawi Faculty of Engineering Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan  3: Nasa Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 98 Issue 3, p311; Subject Term: BANDPASS filters; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC circuits; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resonators; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: bandpass filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: coplanar waveguide; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual band; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: resonators; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 6 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00207217.2010.538900
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gabb, T.P.
AU  - Kantzos, P.T.
AU  - Telesman, J.
AU  - Gayda, J.
AU  - Sudbrack, C.K.
AU  - Palsa, B.
T1  - Fatigue resistance of the grain size transition zone in a dual microstructure superalloy disk
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 426
SN  - 01421123
AB  - Abstract: Mechanical property requirements vary with location in nickel-based superalloy disks. In order to maximize the associated mechanical properties, heat treatment methods have been developed for producing tailored microstructures. In this study, a specialized heat treatment method was applied to produce varying grain microstructures from the bore to the rim portions of a powder metallurgy processed nickel-based superalloy disk. The bore of the contoured disk consisted of fine grains to maximize strength and fatigue resistance at lower temperatures. The rim microstructure of the disk consisted of coarse grains for maximum resistance to creep and dwell crack growth at high temperatures up to 704°C. However, the fatigue resistance of the grain size transition zone was unclear, and needed to be evaluated. This zone was located as a band in the disk web between the bore and rim. Specimens were extracted parallel and transverse to the transition zone, and multiple fatigue tests were performed at 427 and 704°C. Mean fatigue lives were lower at 427°C than 704°C. Specimen failures often initiated at relatively large grains, which failed on crystallographic facets. Grain size distributions were characterized in the specimens, and related to the grains initiating failures as well as location within the transition zone. Fatigue life decreased with increasing maximum grain size. Correspondingly, mean fatigue resistance of the transition zone was slightly higher than that of the rim, but lower than that of the bore. The scatter in limited tests of replicates was comparable for all transition zone locations examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - METALLOGRAPHIC specimens
KW  - Disk
KW  - Dual microstructure
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Superalloy
KW  - Transition zone
N1  - Accession Number: 55211643; Gabb, T.P. 1; Email Address: tim.gabb@grc.nasa.gov Kantzos, P.T. 2 Telesman, J. 1 Gayda, J. 1 Sudbrack, C.K. 1 Palsa, B. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Honeywell Engine Systems, 111 South 34th St., Phoenix, AZ 85034, United States  3: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 3073 Neil Ave., Columbus, OH 43202, United States; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 33 Issue 3, p414; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: METALLOGRAPHIC specimens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dual microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transition zone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2010.09.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gibert, Fabien
AU  - Koch, Grady J.
AU  - Beyon, Jeffrey Y.
AU  - Hilton, Timothy W.
AU  - Davis, Kenneth J.
AU  - Andrews, Arlyn
AU  - Flamant, Pierre H.
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
T1  - Can CO2 Turbulent Flux Be Measured by Lidar? A Preliminary Study.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 365
EP  - 377
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The vertical profiling of CO2 turbulent fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is investigated using a coherent differential absorption lidar (CDIAL) operated nearby a tall tower in Wisconsin during June 2007. A CDIAL can perform simultaneous range-resolved CO2 DIAL and velocity measurements. The lidar eddy covariance technique is presented. The aims of the study are (i) an assessment of performance and current limitation of available CDIAL for CO2 turbulent fluxes and (ii) the derivation of instrument specifications to build a future CDIAL to perform accurate range-resolved CO2 fluxes. Experimental lidar CO2 mixing ratio and vertical velocity profiles are successfully compared with in situ sensors measurements. Time and space integral scales of turbulence in the ABL are addressed that result in limitation for time averaging and range accumulation. A first attempt to infer CO2 fluxes using an eddy covariance technique with currently available 2- μμm CDIAL dataset is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - EDDY flux
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - WISCONSIN
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Fluxes
KW  - Lidar observations
KW  - Profilers
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 59854622; Gibert, Fabien 1,2 Koch, Grady J. 3 Beyon, Jeffrey Y. 3 Hilton, Timothy W. 2 Davis, Kenneth J. 2 Andrews, Arlyn 4 Flamant, Pierre H. 1 Singh, Upendra N. 3; Affiliation:  1: ** Laboratoire de Méétééorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France  2: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p365; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: EDDY flux; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: WISCONSIN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Profilers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JTECHA1446.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59854622&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tigelaar, Dean M.
AU  - Palker, Allyson E.
AU  - He, Ronghuan
AU  - Scheiman, Daniel A.
AU  - Petek, Tyler
AU  - Savinell, Robert
AU  - Yoonessi, Mitra
T1  - Synthesis and properties of sulfonated and unsulfonated poly(arylene ether triazine)s with pendant diphenylamine groups for fuel cell applications
JO  - Journal of Membrane Science
JF  - Journal of Membrane Science
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 369
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 455
EP  - 465
SN  - 03767388
AB  - Abstract: A series of poly(arylene ether triazine) homopolymers were synthesized that contain pendant diphenylamine groups. The polymers had inherent viscosities from 0.66 to 1.01dL/g in DMAc at 25°C, thermal stabilities >500°C in air, glass transition temperatures from 156°C to 309°C, and solubilities that depended upon the bis(4-fluorophenyl) monomer that was used for polymerization. Polymers could be sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid exclusively at the para position of the diphenylamine rings, with ion exchange capacities from 1.88 to 2.12meq/g. Transmission electron microscopy images show that the morphology of the sulfonated polymer films depends on the functional group in the polymer backbone. Polymers containing sulfone groups exhibited small ionic clusters within a uniform ion-containing background, while polymers with ketone and isophthaloyl groups exhibited phase separation with different sizes of spherical hydrophilic clusters. The uniform distribution of ionic groups within polymers that contain sulfone groups resulted in higher proton conductivity, 0.11S/cm at 90°C and 100% relative humidity, in spite of having a lower degree of sulfonation and water uptake. Small angle neutron scattering data also shows this film has a robust morphology that does not change as a function of temperature or by counterion exchange. Films cast from unsulfonated polymers that contained phosphine oxide groups in the polymer backbone, as well polymer blends with polybenzimidazole soaked in 85% phosphoric acid at 75°C, had phosphoric acid uptakes above 350wt%, and as high as 830wt%. However, these films lost dimensional stability at elevated temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Membrane Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFONATION
KW  - POLYELECTROLYTES
KW  - DIPHENYLAMINE
KW  - POLYMERIZATION
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - PROTON exchange membrane fuel cells
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - Phase separation
KW  - Poly(arylene ether)
KW  - Polymer electrolyte
KW  - Proton exchange membrane
N1  - Accession Number: 57682357; Tigelaar, Dean M. 1,2; Email Address: dean.m.tigelaar@nasa.gov Palker, Allyson E. 1 He, Ronghuan 3 Scheiman, Daniel A. 1,4 Petek, Tyler 5 Savinell, Robert 5 Yoonessi, Mitra 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, United States  3: Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, 110819, Shenyang, China  4: Arctic Slope Regional Corporation, United States  5: Department of Chemical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 369 Issue 1/2, p455; Subject Term: SULFONATION; Subject Term: POLYELECTROLYTES; Subject Term: DIPHENYLAMINE; Subject Term: POLYMERIZATION; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Subject Term: PROTON exchange membrane fuel cells; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase separation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Poly(arylene ether); Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer electrolyte; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proton exchange membrane; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.memsci.2010.12.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schull, M.A.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Y.
AU  - Xu, L.
AU  - Samanta, A.
AU  - Carmona, P.L.
AU  - Lepine, L.
AU  - Jenkins, J.P.
AU  - Ganguly, S.
AU  - Myneni, R.B.
T1  - Canopy spectral invariants, Part 2: Application to classification of forest types from hyperspectral data
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 112
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 736
EP  - 750
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Many studies have been conducted to demonstrate the ability of hyperspectral data to discriminate plant dominant species. Most of them have employed the use of empirically based techniques, which are site specific, requires some initial training based on characteristics of known leaf and/or canopy spectra and therefore may not be extendable to operational use or adapted to changing or unknown land cover. In this paper we propose a physically based approach for separation of dominant forest type using hyperspectral data. The radiative transfer theory of canopy spectral invariants underlies the approach, which facilitates parameterization of the canopy reflectance in terms of the leaf spectral scattering and two spectrally invariant and structurally varying variables—recollision and directional escape probabilities. The methodology is based on the idea of retrieving spectrally invariant parameters from hyperspectral data first, and then relating their values to structural characteristics of three-dimensional canopy structure. Theoretical and empirical analyses of ground and airborne data acquired by Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) over two sites in New England, USA, suggest that the canopy spectral invariants convey information about canopy structure at both the macro- and micro-scales. The total escape probability (one minus recollision probability) varies as a power function with the exponent related to the number of nested hierarchical levels present in the pixel. Its base is a geometrical mean of the local total escape probabilities and accounts for the cumulative effect of canopy structure over a wide range of scales. The ratio of the directional to the total escape probability becomes independent of the number of hierarchical levels and is a function of the canopy structure at the macro-scale such as tree spatial distribution, crown shape and size, within-crown foliage density and ground cover. These properties allow for the natural separation of dominant forest classes based on the location of points on the total escape probability vs the ratio log–log plane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST type groups
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - SCATTERING (Mathematics)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - Ecosystem
KW  - Hyperspectral data
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Scaling
KW  - Scattering albedo
KW  - Spectral invariants
KW  - Vegetation structure
N1  - Accession Number: 57518488; Schull, M.A. 1; Email Address: bucricket@gmail.com Knyazikhin, Y. 1 Xu, L. 1 Samanta, A. 1 Carmona, P.L. 2 Lepine, L. 3 Jenkins, J.P. 3 Ganguly, S. 4 Myneni, R.B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  2: Departmento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universitat Jaume I, Campus del Riu Sec, s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain  3: Complex System Research Center, University of New Hampshire, 8 College Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 112 Issue 4, p736; Subject Term: FOREST type groups; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Mathematics); Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral invariants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation structure; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.06.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Sharon K. R.
AU  - Devert, Joyce A.
T1  - Materials International Space Station Experiment 5 Polymer Film Thermal Control Experiment.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/03//Mar/Apr2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 245
SN  - 00224650
AB  - It is known that polymer films can degrade as a result of space environmental exposure, but the magnitude of the mechanical property degradation and the degree to which the different environmental factors play a role is not well understood. An experiment was flown on the Materials International Space Station Experiment 5 to determine the change in tensile strength and percent elongation of some typical polymer films exposed in a nadir-facing environment on the International Space Station and, where possible, compare with similar ram- and wake-facing experiments flown on the Materials International Space Station Experiment I to get a better indication of the role the different environments play in mechanical property change. It was found that the majority of the polymers tested experienced some loss in tensile/yield strength and percent elongation with polytetrafluroethylene Teflon having the greatest change. Where comparisons could be made with the Materials International Space Station Experiment 1, it appears that the loss in percent elongation is dependent on the radiation level while the loss in tensile strength is not as sensitive to the level of radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE stations
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - TEMPERATURE control
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 60460545; Miller, Sharon K. R. 1 Devert, Joyce A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Mar/Apr2011, Vol. 48 Issue 2, p240; Subject Term: SPACE stations; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE control; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 5 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.49482
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60460545&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liechty, Derek S.
AU  - Lewis, Mark
T1  - Electronic Energy Level Transition and Ionization Following the Quantum-Kinetic Chemistry Model.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/03//Mar/Apr2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
EP  - 290
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A new method of treating electronic energy level transitions as well as linking ionization to electronic energy levels is proposed following the quantum-kinetic chemistry model of Bird. Although the use of electronic energy levels and ionization reactions in direct simulation Monte Carlo method are not new ideas, the current method of selecting what level to transition to, how to reproduce transition rates, and the linking of the electronic energy levels to ionization are, to the author's knowledge, novel concepts. The resulting equilibrium temperatures are shown to remain constant, and the electronic energy level distributions are shown to reproduce the Boltzmann distribution. The electronic energy level transition rates and ionization rates due to electron impacts are shown to reproduce theoretical and measured rates. The rates due to heavy particle impacts, while not as favorable as the electron impact rates, compare favorably to values from the literature. Thus, these new extensions to the quantum-kinetic chemistry model of Bird provide an accurate method for predicting electronic energy level transition and ionization rates in gases. Because these methods are not dependent upon any equilibrium rate equations or the macroscopic temperature of the gas, they are more appropriate for nonequilibrium flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - SCISSION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 60460550; Liechty, Derek S. 1 Lewis, Mark 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley, Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Source Info: Mar/Apr2011, Vol. 48 Issue 2, p283; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: SCISSION (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.48826
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sehirlioglu, Alp
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Dynys, Fred
AU  - Nittala, Krishna
AU  - Jones, Jacob
T1  - Structure and Piezoelectric Properties Near the Bismuth Scandium Oxide-Lead Zirconate-Lead Titanate Ternary Morphotropic Phase Boundary.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 94
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 788
EP  - 795
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Ternary phase diagram of BiScO3 (BS), PbZrO3 (PZ), and PbTiO3 (PT) was explored for identification of high-performance piezoelectrics for actuator applications. The ternary morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) connecting the binary MPBs of BS-PT (45/65) and PZ-PT (52/48) was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). High-temperature XRD and dielectric measurements were used to determine the phase transformation temperatures. Curie temperature (TC) had a near linear dependence on composition, rate of which is determined for each component of the ternary independently. Specimens on the tetragonal side of the MPB exhibited lower high field resistivity and proper poling was not possible. Specimens on the rhombohedral side were superior with saturated hysteresis loops and piezoelectric coefficient (d33)4400 pm/V. Unlike phase transformation temperatures, the proximity to MPB was more dominant than the compositional effects in determining electrical and electromechanical properties, which maximized for the compositions closest to the MPB. Both weak- and high field properties are reported as a function of temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - CURIE temperature
KW  - HIGH temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 59268345; Sehirlioglu, Alp 1,2; Email Address: alp.sehirlioglu@case.edu Sayir, Ali 1,2 Dynys, Fred 1 Nittala, Krishna 3 Jones, Jacob 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135.  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611.; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 94 Issue 3, p788; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: CURIE temperature; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04142.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Czarnek, R.
AU  - Skrzat, A.
AU  - Lin, S.Y.
T1  - Application of Moiré interferometry to reconstruction of residual stress in cut railroad car wheels
JO  - Measurement (02632241)
JF  - Measurement (02632241)
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 44
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 569
EP  - 579
SN  - 02632241
AB  - Abstract: Railroad car wheels develop residual stresses both in their manufacture and while in service. Knowledge of the residual stress distribution and its variation over time is necessary for the prediction of wheel service life and possible catastrophic failure. It is also vital for the safety of railway transportation. Although a theoretical solution is possible, it remains complex. Alternatively, the solution may be also obtained by using experimental measurements assisted by the theory of mechanics. An approach known as “physically-based enhancement of experimental data” formulated and subsequently developed and tested is the best available experimental–numerical tool for the reconstruction of acquired residual hoop stress component in railroad car wheels. This paper presents the formulation, approach and results of the analysis performed on experimental data obtained from investigations of the passenger and freight wheels during a saw cutting process. A discussion on the precision of the results has been included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Measurement (02632241) is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - RAILROAD cars -- Wheels
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - RAILROADS -- Safety measures
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - Moiré interferometry
KW  - Railroad wheel
KW  - Residual stress
N1  - Accession Number: 57515714; Czarnek, R. 1; Email Address: czarnek@atlanticbb.net Skrzat, A. 2; Email Address: askrzat@prz.rzeszow.pl Lin, S.Y. 3; Email Address: shih-yung.lin@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Czarnek and Orkin Laboratories, Inc., Johnstown, PA, USA  2: Department of Materials Forming and Processing, Rzeszow University of Technology, Rzeszow, Poland  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 44 Issue 3, p569; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: RAILROAD cars -- Wheels; Subject Term: STRESS concentration; Subject Term: RAILROADS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moiré interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Railroad wheel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual stress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336510 Railroad Rolling Stock Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 482112 Short Line Railroads; NAICS/Industry Codes: 482111 Line-Haul Railroads; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 482114 Passenger rail transportation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.measurement.2010.11.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zeitlin, C.
AU  - Miller, J.
AU  - Guetersloh, S.
AU  - Heilbronn, L.
AU  - Fukumura, A.
AU  - Iwata, Y.
AU  - Murakami, T.
AU  - Blattnig, S.
AU  - Norman, R.
AU  - Mashnik, S.
T1  - Fragmentation of 14N, 16O, 20Ne, and 24Mg nuclei at 290 to 1000 MeV/nucleon.
JO  - Physical Review C: Nuclear Physics
JF  - Physical Review C: Nuclear Physics
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 83
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 34909:1
EP  - 34909:23
SN  - 05562813
AB  - We report fragmentation cross sections measured at 0° for beams of 14N, 16O, 20Ne, and 24Mg ions, at energies ranging from 290 MeV/nucleon to 1000 MeV/nucleon. Beams were incident on targets of C, CH2, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb, with the C and CH2 target data used to obtain hydrogen-target cross sections. Using methods established in earlier work, cross sections obtained with both large-acceptance and small-acceptance detectors are extracted from the data and, when necessary, corrected for acceptance effects. The large-acceptance data yield cross sections for fragments with charges approximately half of the beam charge and above, with minimal corrections. Cross sections for lighter fragments are obtained from small-acceptance spectra, with more significant, model-dependent corrections that account for the fragment angular distributions. Results for both charge-changing and fragment production cross sections are compared to the predictions of the Los Alamos version of the quark gluon string model (LAQGSM) as well as the NASA Nuclear Fragmentation (NUCFRG2) model and the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport System (PHITS) model. For all beams and targets, cross sections for fragments as light as He are compared to the models. Estimates of multiplicity-weighted helium production cross sections are obtained from the data and compared to PHITS and LAQGSM predictions. Summary statistics show that the level of agreement between data and predictions is slightly better for PHITS than for either NUCFRG2 or LAQGSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review C: Nuclear Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR fragmentation
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) -- Multiplicity
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 66929680; Zeitlin, C. 1; Email Address: zeitlin@boulder.swri.edu Miller, J. 2 Guetersloh, S. 3 Heilbronn, L. 4 Fukumura, A. 5 Iwata, Y. 5 Murakami, T. 5 Blattnig, S. 6 Norman, R. 6 Mashnik, S. 7; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA  2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA  3: Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA  4: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA  5: National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  7: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 83 Issue 3, p34909:1; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fragmentation; Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) -- Multiplicity; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.034909
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balaban, Pavel M.
AU  - Malyshev, Aleksey Y.
AU  - Ierusalimsky, Victor N.
AU  - Aseyev, Nikolay
AU  - Korshunova, Tania A.
AU  - Bravarenko, Natasha I.
AU  - Lemak, M. S.
AU  - Roshchin, Matvey
AU  - Zakharov, Igor S.
AU  - Popova, Yekaterina
AU  - Boyle, Richard
T1  - Functional Changes in the Snail Statocyst System Elicited by Microgravity.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Background: The mollusk statocyst is a mechanosensing organ detecting the animal's orientation with respect to gravity. This system has clear similarities to its vertebrate counterparts: a weight-lending mass, an epithelial layer containing small supporting cells and the large sensory hair cells, and an output eliciting compensatory body reflexes to perturbations. Methodology/Principal Findings: In terrestrial gastropod snail we studied the impact of 16- (Foton M-2) and 12-day (Foton M-3) exposure to microgravity in unmanned orbital missions on: (i) the whole animal behavior (Helix lucorum L.), (ii) the statoreceptor responses to tilt in an isolated neural preparation (Helix lucorum L.), and (iii) the differential expression of the Helix pedal peptide (HPep) and the tetrapeptide FMRFamide genes in neural structures (Helix aspersa L.). Experiments were performed 13-42 hours after return to Earth. Latency of body re-orientation to sudden 90u head-down pitch was significantly reduced in postflight snails indicating an enhanced negative gravitaxis response. Statoreceptor responses to tilt in postflight snails were independent of motion direction, in contrast to a directional preference observed in control animals. Positive relation between tilt velocity and firing rate was observed in both control and postflight snails, but the response magnitude was significantly larger in postflight snails indicating an enhanced sensitivity to acceleration. A significant increase in mRNA expression of the gene encoding HPep, a peptide linked to ciliary beating, in statoreceptors was observed in postflight snails; no differential expression of the gene encoding FMRFamide, a possible neurotransmission modulator, was observed. Conclusions/Significance: Upregulation of statocyst function in snails following microgravity exposure parallels that observed in vertebrates suggesting fundamental principles underlie gravi-sensing and the organism's ability to adapt to gravity changes. This simple animal model offers the possibility to describe general subcellular mechanisms of nervous system's response to conditions on Earth and in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SNAILS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - VERTEBRATES
KW  - GASTROPODA
KW  - SPEED
KW  - MESSENGER RNA
N1  - Accession Number: 73786990; Balaban, Pavel M. 1; Email Address: balaban@ihna.msk.ru Malyshev, Aleksey Y. 1 Ierusalimsky, Victor N. 1 Aseyev, Nikolay 1 Korshunova, Tania A. 1 Bravarenko, Natasha I. 1 Lemak, M. S. 1 Roshchin, Matvey 1 Zakharov, Igor S. 2 Popova, Yekaterina 3 Boyle, Richard 3; Email Address: richard.boyle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia  2: Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: SNAILS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: VERTEBRATES; Subject Term: GASTROPODA; Subject Term: SPEED; Subject Term: MESSENGER RNA; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0017710
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PILCHER, CARL B.
T1  - HOW TO FIND A HABITABLE PLANET. Science Essentials.
JO  - Quarterly Review of Biology
JF  - Quarterly Review of Biology
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 86
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 39
EP  - 39
PB  - University of Chicago Press
SN  - 00335770
AB  - The article reviews the book "How to Find a Habitable Planet," by James Kasting, part of the Science Essentials series.
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - KASTING, James
KW  - HOW to Find a Habitable Planet (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 60434640; PILCHER, CARL B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 86 Issue 1, p39; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: HOW to Find a Habitable Planet (Book); People: KASTING, James; Number of Pages: 1/2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adeyemo, Adedunni
AU  - Hunter, Gary
AU  - Dutta, Prabir K.
T1  - Interaction of CO with hydrous ruthenium oxide and development of a chemoresistive ambient CO sensor
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 152
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 307
EP  - 315
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: Hydrated ruthenium oxide (RuO x (OH) y ), the material of interest in this study was prepared by reaction of an aqueous solution of ruthenium chloride with base. This material was amorphous, made up of 20–50nm particles and contains Ru(III) and Ru(IV), as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The conductivity of thick films of RuO x (OH) y  decreased in the presence of CO in a background of air and this change was reversible. Infrared spectroscopy showed the formation of carbonates in the presence of CO, which disappeared upon replacement of CO with O2. Upon heating RuO x (OH) y , there was a gradual conversion to crystalline RuO2 beyond 200°C. With these heated materials, the resistance change in the presence of CO at room temperature also gradually diminished. We propose that oxidation of CO on RuO x (OH) y  leads to reduction of the ruthenium and a decrease in conductivity. With the conversion to crystalline RuO2 upon heating, the material becomes metallic and conductivity changes are diminished. The change in conductivity of RuO x (OH) y  with CO provides a convenient platform for an ambient CO sensor. Such a device also does not show interference from hydrocarbons (2000ppm), ammonia (150ppm), CO2 (2000ppm), NO (15ppm) and NO2 (15ppm). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - RUTHENIUM compounds
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - THICK films
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - CO oxidation
KW  - Hydrated ruthenium oxide
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Metal oxide sensor
KW  - Room temperature gas sensor
N1  - Accession Number: 59170775; Adeyemo, Adedunni 1 Hunter, Gary 2 Dutta, Prabir K. 1; Email Address: dutta@chemistry.ohio-state.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1185, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 152 Issue 2, p307; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: RUTHENIUM compounds; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: THICK films; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrated ruthenium oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal oxide sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Room temperature gas sensor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2010.12.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datsko, B.Y.
AU  - Gafiychuk, V.V.
T1  - Chaotic dynamics in Bonhoffer–van der Pol fractional reaction–diffusion system
JO  - Signal Processing
JF  - Signal Processing
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 91
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 452
EP  - 460
SN  - 01651684
AB  - Abstract: In this article we analyze the linear stability of nonlinear fractional reaction–diffusion systems. As an example, the reaction–diffusion model with cubic nonlinearity is considered. By computer simulation, it was shown that in such simplest system, a complex nonlinear dynamics, which includes spatially non-homogeneous oscillations and spatio-temporal chaos, takes place. Possible applications of the fractional reaction–diffusion system for signal processing and pattern recognition systems are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Signal Processing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - FRACTIONAL calculus
KW  - Anomalous diffusion
KW  - Applications
KW  - Chaotic dynamics
KW  - Fractional differential equation
KW  - Pattern formation
KW  - Pattern recognition
KW  - Reaction–diffusion
N1  - Accession Number: 54878593; Datsko, B.Y. 1; Email Address: b_datsko@yahoo.com Gafiychuk, V.V. 2,3; Email Address: vagaf@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics of National Academy of Sciences, Naukova 3b, Lviv 79063, Ukraine  2: SGT Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Rd Suite 400, Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 91 Issue 3, p452; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: FRACTIONAL calculus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anomalous diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chaotic dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional differential equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pattern formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pattern recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction–diffusion; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sigpro.2010.04.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan M.
T1  - Spatially developing secondary instabilities in compressible swept airfoil boundary layers.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
EP  - 84
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - Two-dimensional eigenvalue analysis is used on a massive scale to study the spatial instabilities of compressible shear flows with two inhomogeneous directions. The main focus of the study is crossflow dominated swept-wing boundary layers although the methodology can also be applied to study other types of flows, such as the attachment-line flow. Certain unique aspects of formulating a spatial, two-dimensional eigenvalue problem for the secondary instability of finite amplitude crossflow vortices are discussed, namely, fixing the spatial growth direction unambiguously through a non-orthogonal formulation of the linearized disturbance equations. A primary test case used for parameter study corresponds to Numerical results are presented for the low-speed, NLF-0415(b) airfoil configuration as tested in the ASU Unsteady Wind Tunnel, wherein a spanwise periodic array of roughness elements was placed near the leading edge in order to excite stationary crossflow modes with a specified fundamental wavelength. The two classes of flow conditions selected for this analysis include those for which the roughness array spacing corresponds to either the naturally dominant crossflow wavelength, or a subcritical wavelength that serves to reduce the growth of the naturally excited dominant crossflow modes. Numerical predictions are compared with the measured database, both as indirect validation for the spatial instability analysis and to provide a basis for comparison with a higher Reynolds number, supersonic swept-wing configuration. Application of the eigenvalue analysis to the supersonic configuration reveals that a broad spectrum of stationary crossflow modes can sustain sufficiently strong secondary instabilities as to potentially cause transition over this configuration. In particular, the control mode itself, if initiated with too large an amplitude, may lead to an earlier transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - EIGENVALUES
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - TRANSITION flow
KW  - 2D-eigenvalue
KW  - Crossflow
KW  - Secondary instability
N1  - Accession Number: 60875238; Fei Li 1; Email Address: fei.li@nasa.gov Choudhari, Meelan M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 25 Issue 1-4, p65; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: EIGENVALUES; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: TRANSITION flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2D-eigenvalue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crossflow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Secondary instability; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-010-0190-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan M.
T1  - Hypersonic viscous flow over large roughness elements.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2011/03//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
EP  - 104
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - Viscous flow over discrete or distributed surface roughness has great implications for hypersonic flight due to aerothermodynamic considerations related to laminar-turbulent transition. Current prediction capability is greatly hampered by the limited knowledge base for such flows. To help fill that gap, numerical computations are used to investigate the intricate flow physics involved. An unstructured mesh, compressible Navier-Stokes code based on the space-time conservation element, solution element (CESE) method is used to perform time-accurate Navier-Stokes calculations for two roughness shapes investigated in wind tunnel experiments at NASA Langley Research Center. It was found through 2D parametric study that at subcritical Reynolds numbers, spontaneous absolute instability accompanying by sustained vortex shedding downstream of the roughness is likely to take place at subsonic free-stream conditions. On the other hand, convective instability may be the dominant mechanism for supersonic boundary layers. Three-dimensional calculations for both a rectangular and a cylindrical roughness element at post-shock Mach numbers of 4.1 and 6.5 also confirm that no self-sustained vortex generation from the top face of the roughness is observed, despite the presence of flow unsteadiness for the smaller post-shock Mach number case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WORLD line (Physics)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - Absolute instability
KW  - Hypersonic boundary layers
KW  - Roughness
KW  - Space-time CESE method
KW  - Transition
KW  - Wake instability
N1  - Accession Number: 60875239; Chau-Lyan Chang 1; Email Address: Chau-Lyan.Chang@nasa.gov Choudhari, Meelan M. 1; Email Address: meelan.m.choudhari@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 25 Issue 1-4, p85; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WORLD line (Physics); Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absolute instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersonic boundary layers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Roughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space-time CESE method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wake instability; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 19 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-010-0191-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dong Wu
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - McCormick, M. Patrick
AU  - Fengqi Yan
T1  - Global cloud-layer distribution statistics from 1 year CALIPSO lidar observations.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/03/10/
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1269
EP  - 1288
SN  - 01431161
AB  - In this paper, the cloud statistics and global cloud distributions are derived from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) level 2, 5 km lidar cloud-layer products between 13 June 2006 and 24 June 2007. The global cloud-layer occurrence frequency, the horizontal and the vertical distributions of cloud-occurrence frequency, the global cloud-top height statistics and their seasonal changes are given for 1 year CALIPSO observations. Opaque cloud-layer statistics are analysed for better understanding the statistics of the clouds observed using CALIPSO. Parts of the results are compared with some results from the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) observations, the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) observations and the global rawinsonde observations, the Aqua MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) monthly cloud-fraction data. The comparisons show that results are in agreement with other observations. Due to the primary advance from the active optical sensing, CALIPSO lidar can offer measurements of accurate, highly resolved vertical profiles of atmospheric scattering layers. It has advantages in determining the location of optically thin clouds and detecting occurrences of multiple layers. Long-term observations by CALIPSO lidar can provide valuable information for the better understanding of the climate system and global climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - LASER communication systems
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - STATISTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 59530523; Dong Wu 1; Email Address: dongwu@ouc.edu.cn Yongxiang Hu 2 McCormick, M. Patrick 3 Fengqi Yan 1; Affiliation:  1: Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P.R. China.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, USA.  3: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA.; Source Info: 3/10/2011, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p1269; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: LASER communication systems; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: STATISTICS; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431160903530821
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heinbockel, John H.
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
AU  - Townsend, Lawrence W.
AU  - Handler, Thomas
AU  - Gabriel, Tony A.
AU  - Pinsky, Lawrence S.
AU  - Reddell, Brandon
AU  - Clowdsley, Martha S.
AU  - Singleterry, Robert C.
AU  - Norbury, John W.
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Aghara, Sukesh K.
T1  - Comparison of the transport codes HZETRN, HETC and FLUKA for a solar particle event
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1079
EP  - 1088
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The protection of astronauts and instrumentation from galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events is one of the primary constraints associated with mission planning in low earth orbit or deep space. To help satisfy this constraint, several computational tools have been developed to analyze the effectiveness of various shielding materials and structures exposed to space radiation. These tools are now being carefully scrutinized through a systematic effort of verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification. In this benchmark study, the deterministic transport code HZETRN is compared to the Monte Carlo transport codes HETC-HEDS and FLUKA for a 30g/cm2 water target protected by a 20g/cm2 aluminum shield exposed to a parameterization of the February 1956 solar particle event. Neutron and proton fluences as well as dose and dose equivalent are compared at various depths in the water target. The regions of agreement and disagreement between the three codes are quantified and discussed, and recommendations for future work are given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - CODING theory
KW  - Solar particle event
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Transport codes
N1  - Accession Number: 58541907; Heinbockel, John H. 1 Slaba, Tony C. 1 Blattnig, Steve R. 2 Tripathi, Ram K. 2 Townsend, Lawrence W. 3 Handler, Thomas 4 Gabriel, Tony A. 5 Pinsky, Lawrence S. 6 Reddell, Brandon 6 Clowdsley, Martha S. 2 Singleterry, Robert C. 2 Norbury, John W. 2; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov Badavi, Francis F. 7 Aghara, Sukesh K. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, 211 Pasqua Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  5: Scientific Investigation and Development (SID), 9608 West Lyttleton Lane, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA  6: Physics Department, University of Houston, 1 Main Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA  7: Department of Physics, Christopher Newport University, 1 University Place, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  8: Department of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 519, MS 2505, Prairie View A&M University, TX 77446, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p1079; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: CODING theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar particle event; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport codes; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.11.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heinbockel, John H.
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Norbury, John W.
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Townsend, Lawrence W.
AU  - Handler, Thomas
AU  - Gabriel, Tony A.
AU  - Pinsky, Lawrence S.
AU  - Reddell, Brandon
AU  - Aumann, Aric R.
T1  - Comparison of the transport codes HZETRN, HETC and FLUKA for galactic cosmic rays
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1089
EP  - 1105
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The HZETRN deterministic radiation code is one of several tools developed to analyze the effects of harmful galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events on mission planning and shielding for astronauts and instrumentation. This paper is a comparison study involving the two Monte Carlo transport codes, HETC–HEDS and FLUKA and the deterministic transport code, HZETRN. Each code is used to transport an ion from the 1977 solar minimum GCR spectrum impinging upon a 20g/cm2 aluminum slab followed by a 30g/cm2 water slab. This research is part of a systematic effort of verification and validation to quantify the accuracy of HZETRN and determine areas where it can be improved. Comparisons of dose and dose equivalent values at various depths in the water slab are presented in this report. This is followed by a comparison of the proton and forward, backward and total neutron flux at various depths in the water slab. Comparisons of the secondary light ion 2H, 3H, 3He and 4He fluxes are also examined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - CODING theory
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Galactic cosmic ray
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Transport codes
N1  - Accession Number: 58541906; Heinbockel, John H. 1 Slaba, Tony C. 1 Tripathi, Ram K. 2 Blattnig, Steve R. 2 Norbury, John W. 2; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov Badavi, Francis F. 3 Townsend, Lawrence W. 4 Handler, Thomas 5 Gabriel, Tony A. 6 Pinsky, Lawrence S. 7 Reddell, Brandon 7 Aumann, Aric R. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  4: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, 211 Pasqua Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  6: Scientific Investigation and Development (SID), 9608 West Lyttleton Lane, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA  7: Physics Department, University of Houston, 1 Main Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA  8: Analytical Services and Materials, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 47 Issue 6, p1089; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: CODING theory; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic ray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport codes; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.11.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=58541906&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, Randy L.
AU  - Bryg, Vicky M.
AU  - Hays, Michael D.
T1  - XPS Analysis of Combustion Aerosols for Chemical Composition, Surface Chemistry, and Carbon Chemical State.
JO  - Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Analytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 83
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1924
EP  - 1930
SN  - 00032700
AB  - Carbonaceous aerosols can vary in elemental content, surface chemistry, and carbon nano-structure. Each of these properties is related to the details of soot formation. Fuel source, combustion process (affecting formation and growth conditions), and postcombustion exhaust where oxidation occurs all contribute to the physical structure and surface chemistry of soot. Traditionally such physical and chemical parameters have been measured separately by various techniques. Presented here is the unified measurement of these characteristics using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the present study, XPS is applied to combustion soot collected from a diesel engine (running biodiesel and pump-grade fuels); jet engine; and institutional, plant, and residential oil-fired boilers. Elemental composition is mapped by a survey scan over a broad energy range. Surface chemistry and carbon nanostructure are quantified by deconvolution of high-resolution scans over the C1s region. This combination of parameters forms a distinct matrix of identifiers for the soots from these sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - SOOT
KW  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 59802928; Vander Wal, Randy L. 1; Email Address: ruv12@psu.edu Bryg, Vicky M. 2 Hays, Michael D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States  2: Universities Space Research Association (USRA), NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States  3: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, United States; Source Info: 3/15/2011, Vol. 83 Issue 6, p1924; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: SOOT; Subject Term: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/ac102365s
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maloney, Phillip
AU  - DeVor, Robert
AU  - Novaes-Card, Simone
AU  - Saitta, Erin
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline
AU  - Clausen, Christian A.
AU  - Geiger, Cherie L.
T1  - Dechlorination of polychlorinated biphenyls using magnesium and acidified alcohols
JO  - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF  - Journal of Hazardous Materials
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 187
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 235
EP  - 240
SN  - 03043894
AB  - Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were widely used in industry until their regulation in the 1970s. However, due to their inherent stability, they are still a widespread environmental contaminant. A novel method of degradation of PCBs (via hydrodehalogenation) has been observed using magnesium powder, a carboxylic acid, and alcohol solvents and is described in this paper. The rates of degradation were determined while varying the type of acid (formic, acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, benzoic, ascorbic, and phosphoric), the amount of magnesium from 0.05 to 0.25g, the amount of acetic acid from 0.5 to 50μL and the concentration of PCB-151 from 0.1 to 50μg/mL, as well as the alcohol solvent (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, octanol, and decanol). The results of these studies indicate that the most rapid PCB dechlorination is achieved using a matrix consisting of at least 0.02gMg/mL ethanol, and 10μL acetic acid/mL ethanol in which case 50ng/μL of PCB-151 is dechlorinated in approximately 40min. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Hazardous Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls
KW  - MAGNESIUM
KW  - ALCOHOLS (Chemical class)
KW  - BIODEGRADATION
KW  - ACIDIFICATION
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - ETHANOL
KW  - ACETIC acid
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - Acetic acid
KW  - Dechlorination
KW  - Ethanol
KW  - Magnesium
KW  - Polychlorinated biphenyl
N1  - Accession Number: 58750184; Maloney, Phillip 1 DeVor, Robert 1,2 Novaes-Card, Simone 1 Saitta, Erin 1 Quinn, Jacqueline 3 Clausen, Christian A. 1 Geiger, Cherie L. 1; Email Address: cgeiger@mail.ucf.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, United States  2: ASRC Aerospace, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32815, United States  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32815, United States; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 187 Issue 1-3, p235; Subject Term: POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls; Subject Term: MAGNESIUM; Subject Term: ALCOHOLS (Chemical class); Subject Term: BIODEGRADATION; Subject Term: ACIDIFICATION; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: ETHANOL; Subject Term: ACETIC acid; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Acetic acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dechlorination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethanol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnesium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polychlorinated biphenyl; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325193 Ethyl Alcohol Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312140 Distilleries; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Sivakumar
AU  - Tewari, Surendra N.
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
T1  - Mullite–gadolinium silicate environmental barrier coatings for melt infiltrated SiC/SiC composites
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2011/03/15/
VL  - 205
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3578
EP  - 3581
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: Slurry based mullite/gadolinium silicate (Gd2SiO5) environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) were developed for melt infiltrated (MI) SiC/SiC composites. The coating chemically adhered well on the substrates. Thermal cycling of uncoated MI-SiC/SiC composites conducted between 1350°C and 90°C (one hour hot and 15min cold) in a 96.5% H2O–3.5% O2 environment caused severe oxidation damage after 100 cycles resulting in the formation of dense silica layer of about 25μm maximum thickness. Mullite/Gd2SiO5 EBCs provided excellent protection to MI-SiC/SiC against moisture damage with significantly less oxidation of the substrate; only about a 2μm thick oxide layer formed even after 400 similar thermal cycles. The hair-line cracks formed at the coating/substrate interface after 400 cycles causing partial coating de-lamination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SINTERING
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Environmental barrier coatings
KW  - Fiber reinforced composites
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Sintering
KW  - Thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 58537824; Ramasamy, Sivakumar 1; Email Address: rshiku@yahoo.com Tewari, Surendra N. 1 Lee, Kang N. 2 Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 3 Fox, Dennis S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Rolls-Royce Corporation, P.O. Box 420, Indianapolis, IN, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook park Rd., Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 205 Issue 12, p3578; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SINTERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber reinforced composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sintering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal cycling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.12.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tadić, Jovan M.
AU  - Lai Xu
AU  - Houk, K. N.
AU  - Moortgat, Geert K.
T1  - Photooxidation of n-Octanal in Air: Experimental and Theoretical Study.
JO  - Journal of Organic Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Organic Chemistry
Y1  - 2011/03/18/
VL  - 76
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1614
EP  - 1620
SN  - 00223263
AB  - Dilute mixtures of n-octanal in synthetic air (up to 100 ppm) were photolyzed with fluorescent UV lamps (275-380 nm) at 298 K. The main photooxidation products were 1-hexene, CO, vinyl alcohol, and acetaldehyde. The photolysis rates and the absolute quantum yields were found to be slightly dependent on the total pressure. At 100 Torr, Φ100 = 0.41 ± 0.06, whereas at 700 Torr the total quantum yield was Φ700 = 0.32 ± 0.02. Two decomposition channels were identified: the radical channel C7H15CHO → C7H15 + HCO and the molecular channel C7H15CHO → C6H12 + CH2-CHOH, having absolute quantum yields of 0.022 and 0.108 at 700 Torr. The product CH2-CHOH tautomerizes to acetaldehyde. Carbon balance data lower than unities suggest the existence of unidentified decomposition channel(s) which substantially contributes to the photolysis. On the basis of experimental and theoretical evidence, n-octanal photolysis predominantly proceeds to form Norrish type II products as the major ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Organic Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET lamps
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ACETALDEHYDE
KW  - CARBON
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 63027193; Tadić, Jovan M. 1; Email Address: jotadic@lycos.com Lai Xu 2 Houk, K. N. 2 Moortgat, Geert K. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States  3: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Atmospheric Chemistry Department, Postfach 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany; Source Info: 3/18/2011, Vol. 76 Issue 6, p1614; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET lamps; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ACETALDEHYDE; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335120 Lighting fixture manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/jo102133m
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - TADA, SHIGERU
AU  - SHEN, YAN
AU  - JACQMIN, DAVID
AU  - FU, BINGMEI
AU  - QIU, ZHIYONG
T1  - UNDERSTANDING ELECTRIC INTERACTIONS IN SUSPENSIONS IN GRADIENT AC ELECTRIC FIELDS II:: SIMULATIONS AND APPLICATION EXPLORATION.
JO  - International Journal of Modern Physics B: Condensed Matter Physics; Statistical Physics; Applied Physics
JF  - International Journal of Modern Physics B: Condensed Matter Physics; Statistical Physics; Applied Physics
Y1  - 2011/03/20/
VL  - 25
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 927
EP  - 933
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02179792
AB  - We used numerical simulations of a continuous model and the molecular dynamics model to understand the particle instability, formation of island-like structures and existence of one critical particle concentration of 1% (v/v) for formation of island-like structures in the suspension in a gradient AC electric field reported in Paper I. The simulations of the continuous model show that the critical concentration of 1% (v/v) is the concentration of which the particles of a suspension are just fully filling the lower field region finally. According to the MD simulations, the particles instability does exist in the corn oil in a gradient AC electric field, anisotropic polarization interactions among the particles are responsible for the particle instability and have memory, and the memory is still kept even when the particles are transported by a dielectrophoresis force. The island-like structures can be regarded as signature of the memory. We explored possibilities to apply our findings in biomedical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Modern Physics B: Condensed Matter Physics; Statistical Physics; Applied Physics is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - ELECTRIC suspension
KW  - DIELECTROPHORESIS
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
N1  - Accession Number: 60314763; TADA, SHIGERU 1 SHEN, YAN 2 JACQMIN, DAVID 3 FU, BINGMEI 4 QIU, ZHIYONG 4; Email Address: ltscltsc@hotmail.com; Affiliation:  1: The National Defense Academy, Kanagawa 239-8686, Japan  2: Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: New York Center for Biomedical Engineering and the City College of the City University of New York, 140th Street and Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2011, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p927; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: ELECTRIC suspension; Subject Term: DIELECTROPHORESIS; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osipov, V. V.
AU  - Muratov, C. B.
AU  - Ponizovskaya-Devine, E.
AU  - Foygel, M.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V. N.
T1  - Cavitation-induced ignition of cryogenic hydrogen-oxygen fluids.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2011/03/28/
VL  - 98
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 134102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The Challenger disaster and purposeful experiments with liquid hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (Ox) tank breaches demonstrated that cryogenic H2/Ox fluids always self-ignite in the process of their sudden mixing. Here, we propose a cavitation-induced self-ignition mechanism that may be realized under these conditions. In one possible scenario, self-ignition is caused by the strong shock waves generated by the collapse of pure Ox vapor bubble near the surface of the Ox liquid that may initiate detonation of the gaseous H2/Ox mixture next to the gas-liquid interface. This effect is further enhanced by H2/Ox combustion inside the collapsing bubble in the presence of admixed H2 gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CAVITATION
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - BUBBLE dynamics
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - GAS-liquid interfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 59744636; Osipov, V. V. 1 Muratov, C. B. 2 Ponizovskaya-Devine, E. 1 Foygel, M. 1 Smelyanskiy, V. N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Intelligent Systems Division, D&SH Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, California 94035,  2: Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102,; Source Info: 3/28/2011, Vol. 98 Issue 13, p134102; Subject Term: CAVITATION; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: BUBBLE dynamics; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: GAS-liquid interfaces; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3571445
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sawicki, Jerzy T.
AU  - Friswell, Michael I.
AU  - Kulesza, Zbigniew
AU  - Wroblewski, Adam
AU  - Lekki, John D.
T1  - Detecting cracked rotors using auxiliary harmonic excitation
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2011/03/28/
VL  - 330
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1365
EP  - 1381
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Cracked rotors are not only important from a practical and economic viewpoint, they also exhibit interesting dynamics. This paper investigates the modelling and analysis of machines with breathing cracks, which open and close due to the self-weight of the rotor, producing a parametric excitation. After reviewing the modelling of cracked rotors, the paper analyses the use of auxiliary excitation of the shaft, often implemented using active magnetic bearings to detect cracks. Applying a sinusoidal excitation generates response frequencies that are combinations of the rotor spin speed and excitation frequency. Previously this system was analysed using multiple scales analysis; this paper suggests an alternative approach based on the harmonic balance method, and validates this approach using simulated and experimental results. Consideration is also given to some issues to enable this approach to become a robust condition monitoring technique for cracked shafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - MAGNETIC bearings
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - ROBUST control
N1  - Accession Number: 57377335; Sawicki, Jerzy T. 1; Email Address: j.sawicki@csuohio.edu Friswell, Michael I. 2 Kulesza, Zbigniew 3 Wroblewski, Adam 4 Lekki, John D. 5; Affiliation:  1: Center for Rotating Machinery Dynamics and Control (RoMaDyC), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115-2214, USA  2: School of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK  3: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland  4: ASRC Aerospace Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA; Source Info: Mar2011, Vol. 330 Issue 7, p1365; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bearings; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2010.10.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Currie, Douglas
AU  - Dell’Agnello, Simone
AU  - Delle Monache, Giovanni
T1  - A Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector Array for the 21st Century
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 68
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 667
EP  - 680
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Over the past 40 years, the Lunar Laser Ranging Program (LLRP) to the Apollo Cube Corner (CCR) Retroreflector Arrays (ALLRRA) has supplied almost all of the significant tests of General Relativity. The LLRP has evaluated the PPN parameters, addressed the possible changes in the gravitational constant and the properties of the self-energy of the gravitational field. In addition, the LLRP has provided significant information on the composition and origin of the moon. This is the only Apollo experiment that is still in operation. Initially the ALLRRAs contributed a negligible fraction of the ranging error budget. Over the decades, the ranging capabilities of the ground stations have improved by more than two orders of magnitude. Now, because of the lunar librations, the existing Apollo retroreflector arrays contribute a significant fraction of the limiting errors in the range measurements. The University of Maryland, as the Principal Investigator for the original Apollo arrays, is now proposing a new approach to the Lunar Laser Array technology . The investigation of this new technology, with Professor Currie as Principal Investigator, is currently being supported by two NASA programs and by the INFN-LNF in Frascati, Italy. Thus after the proposed installation during the next lunar landing, the new arrays will support ranging observations that are a factor 100 more accurate than the current ALLRRAs. The new fundamental cosmological physics and the lunar physics that this new Lunar Laser Ranging Retroreflector Array for the 21st Century (LLRRA-21) can provide will be described. In the design of the new array, there are three major challenges: (1) validate the ability to fabricate a CCR of the required specifications, which is significantly beyond the properties of current CCRs, (2) address the thermal and optical effects of the absorption of solar radiation within the CCR, reduce the transfer of heat from the CCR housing and (3) validate an accurate emplacement technique to install the CCR package on the lunar surface. The latter requires a long-term stable relation between the optical center of the array and the deep regolith, that is, below the thermally driven expansion and contraction of the regolith during the lunar day/night cycle. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR laser ranging
KW  - LIGHTING reflectors
KW  - GENERAL relativity (Physics)
KW  - PHYSICAL constants
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL fields
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - Cube Corner Reflector
KW  - ILN
KW  - LLRRA-21
KW  - Lunar Laser Ranging
KW  - NASA Lunar Science Institute
KW  - Optical technology
KW  - Retroreflector
KW  - Thermal modeling
KW  - UNIVERSITY of Maryland at Baltimore
N1  - Accession Number: 57681230; Currie, Douglas 1,2,3; Email Address: currie@umd.edu Dell’Agnello, Simone 3; Email Address: Simone.DellAgnello@lnf.infn.it Delle Monache, Giovanni 3; Email Address: giovanni.dellemonache@lnf.infn.it; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park MD 20742, USA  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori, Nazionali di Frascati, CP 13, Frascati, Italy; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 68 Issue 7/8, p667; Subject Term: LUNAR laser ranging; Subject Term: LIGHTING reflectors; Subject Term: GENERAL relativity (Physics); Subject Term: PHYSICAL constants; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL fields; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cube Corner Reflector; Author-Supplied Keyword: ILN; Author-Supplied Keyword: LLRRA-21; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Laser Ranging; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Lunar Science Institute; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retroreflector; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal modeling; Company/Entity: UNIVERSITY of Maryland at Baltimore; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.09.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57681230&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singleterry, Robert C.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Clowdsley, Martha S.
AU  - Qualls, Garry D.
AU  - Sandridge, Chris A.
AU  - Simonsen, Lisa C.
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Walker, Steven A.
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Spangler, Jan L.
AU  - Aumann, Aric R.
AU  - Neal Zapp, E.
AU  - Rutledge, Robert D.
AU  - Lee, Kerry T.
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
AU  - Norbury, John W.
T1  - OLTARIS: On-line tool for the assessment of radiation in space
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 68
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1086
EP  - 1097
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: OLTARIS (On-Line Tool for the Assessment of Radiation In Space) is a space radiation analysis tool available on the World Wide Web. It can be used to study the effects of space radiation for various spacecraft and mission scenarios involving humans and electronics. The transport is based on the HZETRN transport code and the input nuclear physics model is NUCFRG. This paper describes the tools behind the web interface and the types of inputs required to obtain results. Typical inputs are mission parameters and slab definitions or vehicle thickness distributions. Radiation environments can be chosen by the user. This paper describes these inputs as well as the output response functions including dose, dose equivalent, whole body effective dose equivalent, LET spectra and detector response models. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ONLINE algorithms
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - WORLD Wide Web
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - NUCLEAR physics
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - RADIATION -- Dosage
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Solar particle event
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 57681295; Singleterry, Robert C. 1 Blattnig, Steve R. 1 Clowdsley, Martha S. 1 Qualls, Garry D. 1 Sandridge, Chris A. 1 Simonsen, Lisa C. 1 Slaba, Tony C. 1 Walker, Steven A. 2 Badavi, Francis F. 3 Spangler, Jan L. 4 Aumann, Aric R. 5 Neal Zapp, E. 6 Rutledge, Robert D. 6 Lee, Kerry T. 6 Norman, Ryan B. 1 Norbury, John W. 1; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  3: Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  4: Lockheed Martin Operations Support, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Analytical Services and Materials, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 68 Issue 7/8, p1086; Subject Term: ONLINE algorithms; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: WORLD Wide Web; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR physics; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Dosage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar particle event; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.09.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Joel F.
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
T1  - Calibration and flight results for the Ares I-X 5-hole probe
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 68
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1219
EP  - 1227
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Flight and calibration results are presented for the Ares I-X 5-hole probe. The probe is calibrated by using a combination of wind tunnel, CFD, and other numerical modeling techniques. This is then applied to the probe flight data and comparisons are made between the vanes and 5-hole probe. Using this and other data it is shown the probe was corrupted by water rendering that measurement unreliable. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics)
KW  - ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - 5-Hole probe
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - Angle of attack
KW  - Best estimated trajectory
KW  - CFD
KW  - Data acquisition
KW  - Five-hole probe
KW  - Fluid mechanics
KW  - Mach speed
KW  - Plenum
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Pressure measurement
KW  - Supersonic
KW  - Supersonic flow
KW  - USM3D
N1  - Accession Number: 57681293; Campbell, Joel F.; Email Address: joel.f.campbell@nasa.gov Brandon, Jay M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 488, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 68 Issue 7/8, p1219; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics); Subject Term: ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: 5-Hole probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Angle of attack; Author-Supplied Keyword: Best estimated trajectory; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data acquisition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Five-hole probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mach speed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plenum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: USM3D; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.10.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=57681293&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levit, Creon
AU  - Marshall, William
T1  - Improved orbit predictions using two-line elements
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 47
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1107
EP  - 1115
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The density of orbital space debris constitutes an increasing environmental challenge. There are two ways to alleviate the problem: debris mitigation and debris removal. This paper addresses collision avoidance, a key aspect of debris mitigation. We describe a method that contributes to achieving a requisite increase in orbit prediction accuracy for objects in the publicly available two-line element (TLE) catalog. Batch least-squares differential correction is applied to the TLEs. Using a high-precision numerical propagator, we fit an orbit to state vectors derived from successive TLEs. We then propagate the fitted orbit further forward in time. These predictions are validated against precision ephemeris data derived from the international laser ranging service (ILRS) for several satellites, including objects in the congested sun-synchronous orbital region. The method leads to a predicted range error that increases at a typical rate of 100m per day, approximately a 10-fold improvement over individual TLE’s propagated with their associated analytic propagator (SGP4). Corresponding improvements for debris trajectories could potentially provide conjunction analysis sufficiently accurate for an operationally viable collision avoidance system based on TLEs only. We discuss additional optimization and the computational requirements for applying all-on-all conjunction analysis to the whole TLE catalog, present and near future. Finally, we outline a scheme for debris–debris collision avoidance that may become practicable given these developments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - PREDICTION (Logic)
KW  - Conjunction analysis
KW  - Orbit prediction
KW  - Space debris
N1  - Accession Number: 59186416; Levit, Creon 1; Email Address: creon.levit@nasa.gov Marshall, William 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, MS202-3, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center and Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, MS202-3, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 47 Issue 7, p1107; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: PREDICTION (Logic); Author-Supplied Keyword: Conjunction analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbit prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space debris; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.10.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59186416&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dudek, Julianne C.
T1  - Modeling Vortex Generators in a Navier-Stokes Code.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 748
EP  - 759
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A source-term model that simulates the effects of vortex generators was implemented into the Wind-US Navier-Stokes code. The source term added to the Navier-Stokes equations simulates the lift force that would result from a vane-type vortex generator in the flowfield. The implementation is user-friendly, requiring the user to specify only three quantities for each desired vortex generator: the range of grid points over which the force is to be applied and the planform area and angle of incidence of the physical vane. The model behavior was evaluated for subsonic flow in a rectangular duct with a single vane vortex generator, subsonic flow in an S-duct with 22 corotating vortex generators, and supersonic flow in a rectangular duct with a counter-rotating vortex-generator pair. The model was also used to successfully simulate microramps in supersonic flow by treating each microramp as a pair of vanes with opposite angles of incidence. The validation results indicate that the source-term vortex-generator model provides a useful tool for screening vortex-generator configurations and gives comparable results to solutions computed using gridded vanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - STOKES equations
KW  - VORTEX generators
N1  - Accession Number: 59969039; Dudek, Julianne C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p748; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: STOKES equations; Subject Term: VORTEX generators; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050683
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59969039&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
T1  - Comparison of Node-Centered and Cell-Centered Unstructured Finite Volume Discretizations: Inviscid Fluxes.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 836
EP  - 854
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Nominally second-order cell-centered and node-centered approaches are compared for unstructured finite volume discretization of inviscid fluxes in two dimensions. Three classes of grids are considered: isotropic grids in a rectangular geometry, anisotropic grids typical of adapted grids, and anisotropic grids over a curved surface typical of advancing-layer grids. The classes contain regular and irregular grids, including mixed-element grids and grids with random perturbations of nodes. Complexity, accuracy, and convergence of defect-correction iterations are studied. Deficiencies of specific schemes, such as instability, accuracy degradation, and/or poor convergence of defect-correction iterations, have been observed in computations and confirmed in analysis. All schemes may produce large relative gradient-reconstruction errors on grids with perturbed nodes. On advancing-layer grids, a local approximate-mapping technique based on the distance function restores gradient-reconstruction accuracy and fast convergence of defect-correction iterations. Among the considered scheme, the best cell-centered and node-centered schemes, which are low-complexity, stable, robust, and uniformly second-order-accurate, are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE volume method
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - ALGEBRAIC geometry
N1  - Accession Number: 59969046; Diskin, Boris 1; Email Address: bdiskin@nianet.org Thomas, James L. 2; Email Address: james.l.thomas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p836; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: ALGEBRAIC geometry; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050897
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59969046&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lorincik, Jan
AU  - Denton, M. Bonner
AU  - Sperline, Roger P.
AU  - Young, Erick T.
AU  - Williams, Peter
T1  - Testing of a Micro Faraday Cup Array for Ion Detection in SIMS.
JO  - Analytical Letters
JF  - Analytical Letters
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 44
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1050
EP  - 1057
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00032719
AB  - A micro-Faraday array detector (row of miniature 32 thin film strip electrodes wire bonded to an on-chip integrated capacitance transimpedance amplifier) was tested for use in a multiple collector secondary ion mass spectrometry. The detector was mounted on a standard IMS3f SIMS instrument in place of a microchannel plate. The measurements were performed by using a silicon sample bombarded by either [image omitted] or Cs+ primary ions with or without D2O flooding and detecting secondary ions of Si±, SiH±, O-, SiD-, OD-. A parallel detection of near masses of 29Si and 28SiH or 18O and 16OD was demonstrated at a sensitivity level ∼230 counts/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Analytical Letters is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONS
KW  - MICROREACTORS
KW  - SECONDARY ion mass spectrometry
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - IONIZATION of gases
KW  - PHOTOMULTIPLIERS
KW  - ELECTRON impact ionization
KW  - ELECTROMETERS
KW  - Capacitance transimpedance amplifier
KW  - Faraday cup
KW  - Ion detection
KW  - SIMS
N1  - Accession Number: 59702963; Lorincik, Jan 1 Denton, M. Bonner 2 Sperline, Roger P. 2 Young, Erick T. 3 Williams, Peter 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Photonics and Electronics of ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA  3: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 44 Issue 6, p1050; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: MICROREACTORS; Subject Term: SECONDARY ion mass spectrometry; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: IONIZATION of gases; Subject Term: PHOTOMULTIPLIERS; Subject Term: ELECTRON impact ionization; Subject Term: ELECTROMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capacitance transimpedance amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: Faraday cup; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: SIMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00032719.2010.511739
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornbrook, R. S.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Edwards, G. D.
AU  - Goyea, O.
AU  - Mauldin, R. L.
AU  - Olson, J. S.
AU  - Cantrell, C. A.
T1  - Measurements of tropospheric HO2 and RO2 by oxygen dilution modulation and chemical ionization mass spectrometry.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 735
EP  - 756
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study on the method developed for the measurement of hydroperoxy radicals and and organic peroxy radicals which combines chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) peroxy radical measurement techniques. The study states that two modes of operation are established for ambient measurements, such as that hydroperoxy radicals are measured close at 100% efficieny. The study notes that peroxy radical indicates good agreement under tropospheric conditions.
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - FUNCTIONAL groups
KW  - PEROXIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 70104611; Hornbrook, R. S. 1; Email Address: rsh@ucar.edu Crawford, J. H. 2 Edwards, G. D. 1,3 Goyea, O. 1,4 Mauldin, R. L. 1,5 Olson, J. S. 2 Cantrell, C. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences Division, Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA  4: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Commerce, Alexandria, VA, USA  5: Department of Physics, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p735; Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Subject Term: CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL groups; Subject Term: PEROXIDES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-4-735-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BAUMERT, E. K.
AU  - JOHNSON, W. S.
AU  - CANO, R. J.
AU  - JENSEN, B. J.
AU  - WEISER, E. S.
T1  - Fatigue damage development in new fibre metal laminates made by the VARTM process.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 34
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 249
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - This paper investigates the tensile and fatigue properties of a newly developed fibre metal laminate (FML) manufactured using the vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM) method. This manufacturing method allows the glass fibre reinforced epoxy and 2024-T3 aluminium FML to be prepared at lower cost than conventionally manufactured FMLs. However, in order for the resin to infiltrate the FML, the metal sheets need to be perforated. These perforation holes act as crack initiators and reduce the FML's performance. Tension and fatigue test results of three different designs are reported and compared to mechanical property predictions. Additionally, single sheet Al alloy specimens were tested in order to analyse the influence of the drilling method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - MOLDING (Founding)
KW  - MANUFACTURING industries
KW  - GLASS fibers
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - fatigue
KW  - fibre metal laminate (FML)
KW  - hybrid composite
KW  - tensile behaviour
KW  - vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM)
N1  - Accession Number: 59161811; BAUMERT, E. K. 1; Email Address: eva.baumert@gatech.edu JOHNSON, W. S. 1 CANO, R. J. 2 JENSEN, B. J. 2 WEISER, E. S. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0245, USA.  2: Advanced Materials & Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA.; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 34 Issue 4, p240; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: MOLDING (Founding); Subject Term: MANUFACTURING industries; Subject Term: GLASS fibers; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: fibre metal laminate (FML); Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: tensile behaviour; Author-Supplied Keyword: vacuum assisted resin transfer moulding (VARTM); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326193 Motor vehicle plastic parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327993 Mineral Wool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2010.01509.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ambrosia, V. G.
AU  - Wegener, S.
AU  - Zajkowski, T.
AU  - Sullivan, D. V.
AU  - Buechel, S.
AU  - Enomoto, F.
AU  - Lobitz, B.
AU  - Johan, S.
AU  - Brass, J.
AU  - Hinkley, E.
T1  - The Ikhana unmanned airborne system (UAS) western states fire imaging missions: from concept to reality (2006-2010).
JO  - Geocarto International
JF  - Geocarto International
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 85
EP  - 101
SN  - 10106049
AB  - Between 2006 and 2010, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the US Forest Service flew 14 unmanned airborne system (UAS) sensor missions, over 57 fires in the western US. The missions demonstrated the capabilities of a UAS platform (NASA Ikhana UAS), a multispectral sensor (autonomous modular sensor (AMS)), onboard processing and data visualization (Wildfire Collaborative Decision Environment (W-CDE)), to provide fire intelligence to management teams. Autonomous, on-board processing of the AMS sensor data allowed real-time fire product delivery to incident management teams on the wildfire events. The fire products included geo-rectified, colour-composite quick-look imagery, fire detection shape files, post-fire real-time normalized burn ratio imagery and burn area emergency response (BAER) imagery. The W-CDE was developed to allow the ingestion and visualization of AMS data and other pertinent fire-related information layers. This article highlights the technologies developed and employed, the UAS wildfire imaging missions performed and the outcomes and findings of the multi-year efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geocarto International is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - WILDFIRES
KW  - FIRES
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - CDE
KW  - Ikhana
KW  - thermal-infrared
KW  - UAS/UAV
KW  - wildfire
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 59330168; Ambrosia, V. G. 1; Email Address: vincent.g.ambrosia@nasa.gov Wegener, S. 2 Zajkowski, T. 3 Sullivan, D. V. 4 Buechel, S. 2 Enomoto, F. 4 Lobitz, B. 1 Johan, S. 4 Brass, J. 4 Hinkley, E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Monterey Bay/NASA-Ames Research Center, California State University, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI), NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  3: RedCastle Resources, Inc./US Forest Service Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC), Salt Lake City, Utah, USA  4: NASA, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  5: U.S.D.A., Forest Service, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p85; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: WILDFIRES; Subject Term: FIRES; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: CDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ikhana; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal-infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: UAS/UAV; Author-Supplied Keyword: wildfire; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10106049.2010.539302
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fladeland, Matt
AU  - Sumich, Mark
AU  - Lobitz, Brad
AU  - Kolyer, Rick
AU  - Herlth, Don
AU  - Berthold, Randy
AU  - McKinnon, Doug
AU  - Monforton, Lesli
AU  - Brass, Jim
AU  - Bland, Geoff
T1  - The NASA SIERRA science demonstration programme and the role of small-medium unmanned aircraft for earth science investigations.
JO  - Geocarto International
JF  - Geocarto International
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 163
SN  - 10106049
AB  - Earth scientists use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to enable measurements and observations that cannot be collected by manned aircraft such as the ER-2, DC-8 or B-200. Science community interest in UAVs to date has largely been focused on the larger class of UAV such as the Global Hawk and Predator, because of the large mass of legacy airborne science instruments. With the continued miniaturization of instruments and data systems and the rapid pace of development of all classes of UAV world-wide during the past decade, smaller classes of UAV are now capable of providing important science measurements and observations. Small (<50 lbs GTOW) and medium-class UAV (>500 lbs GTOW) complement the larger platforms by enabling in situ measurements of the atmospheric boundary layer with low-altitude remote sensing or air sampling, while providing a relatively low cost platform for storm penetration and dangerous, remote missions where the system may not return. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sensor Integrated Environmental Remote Research Aircraft (SIERRA) project at the Ames Research Center (ARC) has demonstrated the utility of a medium class unmanned aircraft for providing science measurements in remote and dangerous environments using active, passive and in situ earth science instrument payloads. This article describes the SIERRA project, details past and future missions, and discusses the primary requirements for small and medium class UAV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geocarto International is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - AERONAUTICS in environmental research
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - airborne science
KW  - earth science
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - sea ice
KW  - UAV
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 59330164; Fladeland, Matt 1; Email Address: matthew.fladeland@nasa.gov Sumich, Mark 1 Lobitz, Brad 2 Kolyer, Rick 1 Herlth, Don 1 Berthold, Randy 1 McKinnon, Doug 3 Monforton, Lesli 4 Brass, Jim 1 Bland, Geoff 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: California State University, Monterey Bay, Division of Science and Environmental Policy, Seaside, CA  3: CL-3 Communications-Vertex, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Tybrin Corporation, Dryden Flight Research Center, CA, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops, VA, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p157; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS in environmental research; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: airborne science; Author-Supplied Keyword: earth science; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: UAV; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10106049.2010.537375
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valdivia-Silva, Julio E.
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - Ortega-Gutierrez, Fernando
AU  - Fletcher, Lauren E.
AU  - Perez-Montaño, Saúl
AU  - Condori-Apaza, Reneé
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Multidisciplinary approach of the hyperarid desert of Pampas de La Joya in southern Peru as a new Mars-like soil analog
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 75
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1975
EP  - 1991
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The distribution of living organisms, organic matter, and chemical properties in Mars-like environments on Earth can be used as a model to guide the investigation of possible habitable environments on Mars. This work aims to demonstrate that the place known informally as the “Mar de Cuarzo” (Sea of Quartz) in the Pampas de La Joya desert southern Peru (between 16°S and 17°S latitude), contains soils with characteristics similar to those found on the Martian surface. Using a multidisciplinary approach, we studied the environmental data, geology, organic matter content, oxidant activity, and microbiology of this area. Our data show that (1) Mar de Cuarzo is a hyper arid area with a lower concentration of organic matter than those found in the Mars-like soils from Yungay area (Atacama Desert in Chile), while at the same time having, comparable extreme environmental conditions, and very low levels of microorganisms. (2) The detrital components of the soils come essentially from the Andean volcanic chain and local outcrops of Precambrian gneisses and Cretaceous granitic batholiths. (3) The presence of microclimates, geomorphological features, and the high influence of the “El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)” allowed the formation of exotic and heterogeneous chemical deposits in these soils, including iron oxides, sulfates, and other evaporites. (4) Thermal volatilization in these soils (using methods similar to the Viking and Phoenix instruments) shows high oxidant activity. (5) Labeled release experiment (similar to the Viking instrument) shows high degradation of nutrients added in these soils. Altogether, the Mar de Cuarzo area in the Pampas de La Joya is an interesting place for astrobiological studies as a new analog to Mars, and for comparative analyses with other hyperarid analogs as Yungay. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - PERU
N1  - Accession Number: 59173041; Valdivia-Silva, Julio E. 1,2; Email Address: jvsilva@nucleares.unam.mx Navarro-González, Rafael 1 Ortega-Gutierrez, Fernando 3 Fletcher, Lauren E. 2 Perez-Montaño, Saúl 4 Condori-Apaza, Reneé 2 McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, México DF 04510, Mexico  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 95054, USA  3: Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, México DF 04510, Mexico  4: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0236, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 75 Issue 7, p1975; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: PERU; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Freedman, Richard S.
AU  - Catling, David C.
T1  - Is there methane on Mars?
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 212
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 503
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: There have been several reports of methane on Mars at the 10–60ppbv level. Most suggest that methane is both seasonally and latitudinally variable. Here we review why variable methane on Mars is physically and chemically implausible, and then we critically review the published reports. There is no known mechanism for destroying methane chemically on Mars. But if there is one, methane oxidation would deplete the O2 in Mars’s atmosphere in less than 10,000 years unless balanced by an equally large unknown source of oxidizing power. Physical sequestration does not raise these questions, but adsorption in the regolith or condensation in clathrates ignore competition for adsorption sites or are inconsistent with clathrate stability, respectively. Furthermore, any mechanism that relies on methane’s van der Waals’ attraction is inconsistent with the continued presence of Xe in the atmosphere at the 60ppbv level. We then use the HITRAN database and transmission calculations to identify and characterize the absorption lines that would be present on Earth or Mars at the wavelengths of the published observations. These reveal strong competing telluric absorption that is most problematic at just those wavelengths where methane’s signature seems most clearly seen from Earth. The competing telluric lines must be removed with models. The best case for martian methane was made for the 12CH4 ν 3 R0 and R1 lines seen in blueshift when Mars was approaching Earth in early 2003 (Mumma, M.J., Villanueva, G.L., Novak, R.E., Hewagama, T., Bonev, B.P., DiSanti, M.A., Mandell, A.M., Smith, M.D. [2009]. Science 323, 1041–1045). For these the Doppler shift moves the two martian lines into near coincidence with telluric 13CH4 ν 3 R1 and R2 lines that are 10–50× stronger than the inferred martian lines. By contrast, the 12CH4 ν 3 R0 and R1 lines when observed in redshift do not contend with telluric 13CH4. For these lines, Mumma et al.’s observations and analyses are consistent with an upper limit on the order of 3ppbv. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - METHANE
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CLATHRATE compounds
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Atmosphere ( Mars )
KW  - Chemistry ( Atmospheres )
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 59635829; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: Kevin.J.Zahnle@NASA.gov Freedman, Richard S. 1 Catling, David C. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle 98195–1310, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 212 Issue 2, p493; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CLATHRATE compounds; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere ( Mars ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemistry ( Atmospheres ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.11.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59635829&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Gross, Christoph
AU  - Marzo, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Kneissl, Thomas
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Dohm, James M.
T1  - A large sedimentary basin in the Terra Sirenum region of the southern highlands of Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 212
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 579
EP  - 589
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Different lines of evidence point to hydrological cycling in the martian past. The extent, duration, and magnitude of this cycling remains unclear, as well as the magnitude of aqueous processes on the surface. Here, we provide geomorphic and mineralogic evidence of a large inter-crater sedimentary basin located in the Terra Sirenum region, which was once covered by a body of liquid water with an areal extent of at least 30,000km2 and a depth of approximately 200m. The topographic basin, which is modified by a number of large impact craters, is partly controlled by ancient impact and tectonic structures. As a result of evaporation of the large body of water, salt flats formed in the lowest topographic reaches of the basin. Hydrated phyllosilicates occur in close proximity to the salt flats and in the ejecta and rim materials of small impact craters with stratigraphic relations that suggest that they underlie the evaporite deposits. Crater statistics place the maximum age of aqueous activity during the Late Noachian epoch. The relatively pristine mineral deposits in the basin have a high potential to yield information of the geochemistry and water activity during the ancient Noachian Period when conditions were seemingly more conducive to life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEDIMENTARY basins
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - EVAPORITES
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Basin
KW  - Evaporites
KW  - Highlands
KW  - Noachian
KW  - Water
N1  - Accession Number: 59635835; Davila, Alfonso F. 1,2; Email Address: adavila@seti.org Gross, Christoph 3 Marzo, Giuseppe A. 2,4 Fairén, Alberto G. 1,2 Kneissl, Thomas 3 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Dohm, James M. 5; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, 515 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Space Sciences and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Freie Universitaet Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, D-12249 Berlin, Germany  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third St. West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  5: University of Arizona, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, 1133 East James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 212 Issue 2, p579; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY basins; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: EVAPORITES; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Basin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaporites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Highlands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noachian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.12.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59635835&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Pappalardo, Robert T.
T1  - Titan: An exogenic world?
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 212
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 790
EP  - 806
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: All landforms on Titan that are unambiguously identifiable can be explained by exogenic processes (aeolian, fluvial, impact cratering, and mass wasting). Previous suggestions of endogenically produced cryovolcanic constructs and flows have, without exception, lacked conclusive diagnostic evidence. The modification of sparse recognizable impact craters (themselves exogenic) can be explained by aeolian and fluvial erosion. Tectonic activity could be driven by global thermal evolution or external forcing, rather than by active interior processes. A lack of cryovolcanism would be consistent with geophysical inferences of a relatively quiescent interior: incomplete differentiation, only minor tidal heating, and possibly a lack of internal convection today. Titan might be most akin to Callisto with weather: an endogenically relatively inactive world with a cool interior. We do not aim to disprove the existence of any and all endogenic activity at Titan, nor to provide definitive alternative hypotheses for all landforms, but instead to inject a necessary level of caution into the discussion. The hypothesis of Titan as a predominantly exogenic world can be tested through additional Cassini observations and analyses of putative cryovolcanic features, geophysical and thermal modeling of Titan’s interior evolution, modeling of icy satellite landscape evolution that is shaped by exogenic processes alone, and consideration of possible means for supplying Titan’s atmospheric constituents that do not rely on cryovolcanism. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - AEOLIANS
KW  - IMPACT craters
KW  - EROSION
KW  - VOLCANISM
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL volcanism
KW  - Saturn, satellites
KW  - Titan
KW  - Titan, atmosphere
KW  - Titan, hydrology
KW  - Titan, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 59635833; Moore, Jeffrey M. 1; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov Pappalardo, Robert T. 2; Email Address: robert.pappalardo@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, M/S 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 321-560, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 212 Issue 2, p790; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: AEOLIANS; Subject Term: IMPACT craters; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: VOLCANISM; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL volcanism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan, atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan, hydrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan, surface; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.01.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hagler, Ping
AU  - Johnson, R. Wayne
AU  - Chen, Liang-Yu
T1  - SiC Die Attach Metallurgy and Processes for Applications up to 500 ^\circC.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 1
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 630
EP  - 639
SN  - 21563950
AB  - The challenges of packaging SiC-based electronics for high-temperature applications include their high operating temperatures, wide thermal cycle ranges, and, sometimes, high currents and high voltages. As a result, the selection of metallurgy for high-temperature SiC die attach is crucial to a successful package design, which involves chip metallization, substrate metallization, and die attach alloy. This paper examines off-eutectic Au–Sn as the die attach alloy with a PtAu thick film metallization on AlN substrates. A pure Au thick film layer was printed over the PtAu thick film layer. AlN substrates metalized with refractory MoMn and electroplated Ni/Au were also used. Two different die attach approaches have been investigated, using Sn–Au–Sn off-eutectic thick foil and limited-volume eutectic AuSn (80/20 wt.%) preform. The SiC backside metallizations evaluated were Ti/TaSi2/Pt/Au and Cr/NiCr/Au. Die shear tests were performed after aging at 500 ^\circC and after thermal cycling. The shear test results and failure surface analysis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ELECTRONIC packaging
KW  - REFRACTORY materials
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - ELECTROPLATING
KW  - EUTECTIC alloys
KW  - Die attach
KW  - die metallization
KW  - Gold
KW  - high temperature
KW  - liquid transient phase bonding
KW  - Metallization
KW  - Microassembly
KW  - Silicon carbide
KW  - Substrates
KW  - Tin
N1  - Accession Number: 69665467; Hagler, Ping 1 Johnson, R. Wayne 2 Chen, Liang-Yu 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Defense, Missile Defense Agency, Washington D.C., USA  2: Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 1 Issue 4, p630; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC packaging; Subject Term: REFRACTORY materials; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: ELECTROPLATING; Subject Term: EUTECTIC alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Die attach; Author-Supplied Keyword: die metallization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: liquid transient phase bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metallization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microassembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tin; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TCPMT.2011.2106160
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69665467&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Liu, Xu
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Strow, L. Larrabee
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Schlussel, Peter
AU  - Calbet, Xavier
T1  - Global Land Surface Emissivity Retrieved From Satellite Ultraspectral IR Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1277
EP  - 1290
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Ultraspectral resolution infrared (IR) radiances obtained from nadir observations provide information about the atmosphere, surface, aerosols, and clouds. Surface spectral emissivity (SSE) and surface skin temperature from current and future operational satellites can and will reveal critical information about the Earth's ecosystem and land-surface-type properties, which might be utilized as a means of long-term monitoring of the Earth's environment and global climate change. In this study, fast radiative transfer models applied to the atmosphere under all weather conditions are used for atmospheric profile and surface or cloud parameter retrieval from ultraspectral and/or hyperspectral spaceborne IR soundings. An inversion scheme, dealing with cloudy as well as cloud-free radiances observed with ultraspectral IR sounders, has been developed to simultaneously retrieve atmospheric thermodynamic and surface or cloud microphysical parameters. This inversion scheme has been applied to the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). Rapidly produced SSE is initially evaluated through quality control checks on the retrievals of other impacted surface and atmospheric parameters. Initial validation of retrieved emissivity spectra is conducted with Namib and Kalahari desert laboratory measurements. Seasonal products of global land SSE and surface skin temperature retrieved with IASI are presented to demonstrate seasonal variation of SSE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Earth
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Infrared (IR) ultraspectral sounder
KW  - inversion
KW  - Land surface
KW  - Land surface temperature
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Skin
KW  - surface emissivity
KW  - temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 62332293; Zhou, Daniel K. 1 Larar, Allen M. 2 Liu, Xu 1 Smith, William L. 3 Strow, L. Larrabee 4 Yang, Ping 5 Schlussel, Peter 6 Calbet, Xavier 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Hampton University, Hampton, USA  4: University of Maryland–Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  5: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA  6: European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT), Darmstadt, Germany; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p1277; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared (IR) ultraspectral sounder; Author-Supplied Keyword: inversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skin; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface emissivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2051036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Russell, Michael J.
AU  - Lecakes, George D.
AU  - Mandayam, Shreekanth
AU  - Jensen, Scott
T1  - The “Intelligent” Valve: A Diagnostic Framework for Integrated System-Health Management of a Rocket-Engine Test Stand.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2011/04//04/01/2011
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1489
EP  - 1497
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Valves play a critical role in rocket-engine test stands because they are essential for the cryogen transport mechanisms that are vital to test operations. Sensors that are placed on valves monitor the pressure, temperature, flow rate, valve position, and any other features that are required for diagnosing their functionality. Integrated system-health management (ISHM) algorithms have been used to identify and evaluate anomalous operating conditions of systems and subsystems (e.g., valves and valve components) on complex structures, such as rocket test stands. In order for such algorithms to be useful, there is a need to develop realistic models for the most common and problem-prone elements. Furthermore, the user needs to be provided with efficient tools to explore the nature of the anomaly and its possible effects on the element, as well as its relationship to the overall system state. This paper presents the development of an intelligent-valve framework that is capable of tracking and visualizing events of the large linear actuator valve (LLAV) in order to detect anomalous conditions. The framework employs a combination of technologies, including a dynamic data exchange data-transfer protocol, autoassociative neural networks, empirical and physical models, and virtual-reality environments. The diagnostic procedure that is developed has the ability to be integrated into existing ISHM systems and can be used for assessing the integrity of rocket-engine test-stand components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - VALVES
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - TEST systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Adaptation model
KW  - Automated test and diagnostic systems
KW  - Autoregressive processes
KW  - Data models
KW  - human–computer interface
KW  - Intelligent sensors
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - Valves
KW  - virtual measurement systems
N1  - Accession Number: 59196167; Russell, Michael J. 1 Lecakes, George D. 1 Mandayam, Shreekanth 1 Jensen, Scott 2; Affiliation:  1: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Stennis Space Center, Stennis Space Center , MS, USA; Source Info: 04/01/2011, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p1489; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: VALVES; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: TEST systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automated test and diagnostic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autoregressive processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: human–computer interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intelligent sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Valves; Author-Supplied Keyword: virtual measurement systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332912 Fluid Power Valve and Hose Fitting Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332911 Industrial Valve Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2010.2101350
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59196167&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Kuang C.
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Efficient Multiscale Modeling Framework for Triaxially Braided Composites using Generalized Method of Cells.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
EP  - 169
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - In this paper, a framework for a three-scale analysis, beginning at the constituent response and propagating to the braid repeating unit cell (RUC) level, is presented. At each scale in the analysis, the response of the appropriate RUC is represented by homogenized effective properties determined from the generalized method of cells micromechanics theory. Two different macroscale RUC architectures are considered, one for eventual finite-element implementation and the other for material design, and their differences are compared. Model validation is presented through comparison to both experimental data and detailed finite-element simulations. Results show good correlation within range of experimental scatter and the finite-element simulation. Results are also presented for parametric studies varying both the overall fiber volume fraction and braid angle. These studies are compared to predictions from classical lamination theory for reference. Finally, the multiscale analysis framework is used to predict the onset of failure in a transversely loaded triaxially braided composite. The predicted transverse failure initiation stress value shows excellent correlation and provides the bound for which linear elastic constitutive models are acceptable for implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTISCALE modeling
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - BRAID theory
KW  - HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
N1  - Accession Number: 60078990; Liu, Kuang C. 1 Chattopadhyay, Aditi 2 Bednarcyk, Brett 3 Arnold, Steven M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Student, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287.  2: Ira A. Fulton Chair, School for the Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy, Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ 85287.  3: Materials Research Engineer, Mechanics and Life Prediction Branch, Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.  4: Chief, Mechanics and Life Prediction Branch, Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p162; Subject Term: MULTISCALE modeling; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: BRAID theory; Subject Term: HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 6 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60078990&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Xuetao
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
T1  - Finite-Element Model for Failure Study of Two-Dimensional Triaxially Braided Composite.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 170
EP  - 180
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - A new three-dimensional finite-element model of two-dimensional, triaxially braided composites is presented in this paper. This mesoscale modeling technique is used to examine and predict the deformation and damage observed in tests of straight-sided specimens. A unit cell-based approach is used to consider the braiding architecture and the mechanical properties of the fiber tows, the matrix, and the fiber tow-matrix interface. A 0°/±60° braiding configuration has been investigated by conducting static finite-element analyses. Failure initiation and progressive degradation has been simulated in the fiber tows by using the Hashin failure criteria and a damage evolution law. The fiber tow-matrix interface was modeled by using a cohesive zone approach to capture any fiber-matrix debonding. By comparing the analytical results with those obtained experimentally, the applicability of the developed model was assessed and the failure process was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 60078987; Li, Xuetao 1; Email Address: xl17@zips.uakron.edu Binienda, Wieslaw K. 2; Email Address: wbinienda@uakron.edu Goldberg, Robert K. 3; Email Address: Robert.K.Goldberg@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325 (corresponding author)  2: Univ. of Akron, Akron, OH 44325  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p170; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 11 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60078987&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dongyeon Lee
AU  - Tippur, Hareesh V.
AU  - Jensen, Brian J.
AU  - Bogert, Philip B.
T1  - Tensile and Fracture Characterization of PETI-5 and IM7/PETI-5 Graphite/Epoxy Composites Under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
JF  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 133
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 21015.1
EP  - 21015.11
SN  - 00944289
AB  - Tensile and fracture responses of the phenylethynyl terminated imide oligomer (PETI-5) are studied. Since this polymer is a candidate aerospace structural adhesive as well as a matrix material in composite systems, neat as well as fiber reinforced forms of PETI-5 are studied under static and dynamic loading conditions. A split-Hopkinson tension bar apparatus is used for performing tensile tests on dogbone specimens. The dynamic fracture tests are carried out using a drop tower in conjunction with 2D image correlation method and high-speed digital photography on edge cracked specimens in three-point bend configuration. A toughened neat epoxy system, Hexcel 3900, is also studied to provide a baseline comparison for neat PETI-5 system. The tensile stress-strain responses show PETI-5 to have excellent mechanical characteristics under quasi-static and dynamic loading conditions when compared with 3900. Fracture behavior of PETI-5 under quasi-static and impact loading conditions also shows superiority relative to 3900. The dynamic fracture behavior of a PETI-5 based graphite fiber reinforced composite, IM7/PETI-5, is also studied and the results are comparatively evaluated relative to the ones corresponding to a more common aerospace composite system, T800/3900-2 graphite/epoxy. Once again, the IM7/PETI-5 system shows excellent fracture performance in terms of dynamic crack initiation and growth behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEAD loads (Mechanics)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing
KW  - DIGITAL photography
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - GRAPHITE fibers
KW  - adhesives
KW  - digital image correlation
KW  - fracture
KW  - graphite/epoxy composites
KW  - split-Hopkinson bar
KW  - strain rate effects
KW  - tensile behavior
N1  - Accession Number: 62171808; Dongyeon Lee 1 Tippur, Hareesh V. 1; Email Address: tippuhv@auburn.edu Jensen, Brian J. 2 Bogert, Philip B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 44313; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 133 Issue 2, p21015.1; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEAD loads (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject Term: DIGITAL photography; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: GRAPHITE fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: adhesives; Author-Supplied Keyword: digital image correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: graphite/epoxy composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: split-Hopkinson bar; Author-Supplied Keyword: strain rate effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: tensile behavior; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4003487
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62171808&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Makino, A.
AU  - Nelson, D. V.
AU  - Hill, M. R.
T1  - Hole-Within-a-Hole Method for Determining Residual Stresses.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
JF  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 133
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 21020.1
EP  - 21020.8
SN  - 00944289
AB  - The strain gauge rosette hole drilling method is often used for determining residual stresses versus depth to depths on the order of 0.5-1.5 mm. Frequently, it is of interest to find stress profiles to greater depths. To provide such a capability, a new approach is presented. Residual stresses versus depth are found by drilling a small diameter hole incrementally to a depth of half of its diameter. The profile of stresses versus depth is found from changes in surface displacements associated with the stress relief from introducing the hole, observed by optical means. Next, a larger diameter, square-bottomed hole is milled directly over the small hole to a depth equaling that of the smaller diameter hole. The bottom of the larger hole provides a fresh surface for optical observation and incremental drilling of a new small hole. This procedure is repeated until a desired total depth is reached. A computational approach is described for correcting the stresses found from the small holes to account for the perturbation of stresses by the material removed by the larger diameter hole. Results of applying this method to find stresses versus depth in a plate subject to uniaxial bending stress and a plate with biaxial residual stresses that vary from compression to tension through the thickness are shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - BENDING stresses
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - hole drilling
KW  - holographic interferometry
KW  - optical interference
KW  - residual stress
N1  - Accession Number: 62171813; Makino, A. 1,2 Nelson, D. V. 2; Email Address: dnelson@stanford.edu Hill, M. R. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4021  3: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 133 Issue 2, p21020.1; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: BENDING stresses; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: hole drilling; Author-Supplied Keyword: holographic interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical interference; Author-Supplied Keyword: residual stress; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 11 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4003496
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62171813&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mehta, Sara R. Zwart,4 Satish K.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Bourbeau, YaVonne
AU  - Locke, James P.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Response to Vitamin D Supplementation during Antarctic Winter Is Related to BMI, and Supplementation Can Mitigate Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation.
JO  - Journal of Nutrition
JF  - Journal of Nutrition
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 141
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 692
EP  - 697
SN  - 00223166
AB  - Maintaining vitamin D status without sunlight exposure is difficult without supplementation. This study was designed to better understand interrelationships between periodic vitamin D supplementation and immune function in Antarctic workers. The effect of 2 oral dosing regimens of vitamin D supplementation on vitamin D status and markers of immune function was evaluated in people in Antarctica with no UV light exposure for 6 mo. Participants were given a 2000-lu 150 μg) daily In = 15) or 1 0,000-lu (250 μg) weekly In = 14) vitamin D supplement for 6 mo during a winter in Antarctica. Biological samples were collected at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Vitamin D intake, markers of vitamin D and bone metabolism, and latent virus reactivation were determined. After 6 mo, the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration (mean ± SD) increased from 56 ± 17 to 79 ± 16 nmol/L and from 52 ± 10 to 69 ± 9 nmol/L in the 2000-IU/d and 1 0,000-lU/wk groups, respectively (main effect over time, P <0.001). Participants with a greater BMI (participant BMI range = 19-43 g/m2) had a smaller increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin Dafter 6-mo supplementation )P< 0.05). Participants with high serum cortisol and higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were less likely to shed Epstein-Barr virus in saliva IP < 0.05). The doses given raised vitamin D status in participants not exposed to sunlight for 6 mo, and the efficacy was influenced by baseline vitamin D status and BMI. The data also provide evidence that vitamin D, interacting with stress, can reduce risk of latent virus reactivation during the winter in Antarctica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIETARY supplements
KW  - VITAMIN D
KW  - INDUSTRIAL hygiene
KW  - WINTER
KW  - BODY mass index
KW  - IMMUNE system
KW  - EPSTEIN-Barr virus diseases
KW  - PREVENTION
KW  - HYDROCORTISONE
KW  - MCMURDO Station (Antarctica)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 59689467; Mehta, Sara R. Zwart,4 Satish K. 1 Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 1 Bourbeau, YaVonne 2 Locke, James P. 2 Pierson, Duane L. 2 Smith, Scott M. 3; Email Address: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Univérsities Space Research Association, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Enterprise Advisory Services, Inc., Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Space Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 141 Issue 4, p692; Subject Term: DIETARY supplements; Subject Term: VITAMIN D; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL hygiene; Subject Term: WINTER; Subject Term: BODY mass index; Subject Term: IMMUNE system; Subject Term: EPSTEIN-Barr virus diseases; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: HYDROCORTISONE; Subject Term: MCMURDO Station (Antarctica); Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446191 Food (Health) Supplement Stores; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3945/jn.110.134742
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59689467&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
T1  - A multispectrum analysis of the ν4 band of 13CH4: Widths, shifts, and line mixing coefficients
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 112
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 952
EP  - 968
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Line positions, Lorentz air-broadened half width and air pressure-induced shift coefficients have been measured for nearly 200 transitions in the ν4 band of 13CH4 from high-resolution spectra recorded with the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer. Three room temperature spectra of 13CH4 used in the previous study of Malathy Devi et al. (Air-broadened Lorentz halfwidths and pressure-induced line shifts in the ν4 band of 13CH4. Appl. Opt. 1988; 27: 2296–2308) were analyzed together with a large number of additional spectra of self- and air-broadened CH4 recorded at 210–314K and one room-temperature spectrum of self-broadened 13CH4. Analyses applying the multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting technique were performed to retrieve the spectral line parameters. In addition to air-broadened half width and shift coefficients, self-broadened half width and shift coefficients were determined for at least 56 13CH4 ν4 transitions. Off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients for air-broadened line mixing were also determined for 28 pairs of P and R transitions in a number of J manifolds, and mixing parameters for self-broadening were also determined for some of these pairs. Temperature-dependences of the pressure-induced shift and mixing parameters for the 13CH4 lines could not be determined from the spectra used in the present analysis, but temperature dependences of the half width coefficients were determined for the strongest transitions. The results of this study are compared with other studies of air- and self-broadened 13CH4 and 12CH4. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - METHANE
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - MANIFOLDS (Mathematics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - 13C
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Methane
KW  - Shifts
KW  - Widths
N1  - Accession Number: 58099358; Smith, M.A.H. 1; Email Address: Mary.Ann.H.Smith@nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 2 Predoi-Cross, A. 3 Malathy Devi, V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 112 Issue 6, p952; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: MANIFOLDS (Mathematics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: 13C; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Widths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2010.11.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=58099358&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rahman, Zia-ur
AU  - Jobson, Daniel J.
AU  - Woodell, Glenn A.
T1  - Investigating the relationship between image enhancement and image compression in the context of the multi-scale retinex
JO  - Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation
JF  - Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 237
EP  - 250
SN  - 10473203
AB  - Abstract: Image enhancement and data compression methods arose from the distinct and largely separate disciplines of image processing and communications respectively, yet both are important components of current and future digital imaging systems technology. Here we examine the relationship of these two components with special emphasis on image enhancement and lossy jpeg image compression. When transmission channel capacity is limited, image/data compression is often performed to increase the data throughput. However, this compression has a significant impact on the quality of the final data that is received. In most cases, image enhancement performed after image compression tends to bring out the artifacts injected into the data due to the compression. However, if image enhancement is performed before image compression, there are two issues that arise: (i) image enhancement typically increases the contrast—amount of observable detail—in an image which leads to poorer compression ratios; and (ii) the radiometric information in the original data is typically irretrievably lost. In this paper we address the impact of image enhancement, specifically that of the multi-scale retinex with color restoration (msrcr) on image compression, and vice versa. We also look at the impact of compression on recovering original data from enhanced imagery given certain parameters about the enhancement process. In this context, we also develop an inversion process for the msrcr. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Visual Communication & Image Representation is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGE compression
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - DATA compression (Computer science)
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
KW  - IMAGE retrieval
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - VISUAL communication -- Digital techniques
KW  - Compression
KW  - End-to-end systems analysis
KW  - Image enhancement
KW  - Image retrieval
KW  - Inverting image transforms
KW  - Multi-scale retinex
KW  - Survey of image compression usage in space imaging
KW  - Visual communications channel design
N1  - Accession Number: 59166948; Rahman, Zia-ur 1; Email Address: zrahman@odu.edu Jobson, Daniel J. 2; Email Address: daniel.j.jobson@nasa.gov Woodell, Glenn A. 2; Email Address: glenn.a.woodell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Center, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, United States  2: Electromagnetics and Sensors Branch, Mailstop 473, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p237; Subject Term: IMAGE compression; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: DATA compression (Computer science); Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: IMAGE retrieval; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: VISUAL communication -- Digital techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: End-to-end systems analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image enhancement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverting image transforms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-scale retinex; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey of image compression usage in space imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual communications channel design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvcir.2010.12.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59166948&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Azúa-Bustos, Armando
AU  - González-Silva, Carlos
AU  - Mancilla, Rodrigo
AU  - Salas, Loreto
AU  - Gómez-Silva, Benito
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Vicuña, Rafael
T1  - Hypolithic Cyanobacteria Supported Mainly by Fog in the Coastal Range of the Atacama Desert.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 568
EP  - 581
SN  - 00953628
AB  - The Atacama Desert is one of the driest places on Earth, with an arid core highly adverse to the development of hypolithic cyanobacteria. Previous work has shown that when rain levels fall below ~1 mm per year, colonization of suitable quartz stones falls to virtually zero. Here, we report that along the coast in these arid regions, complex associations of cyanobacteria, archaea, and heterotrophic bacteria inhabit the undersides of translucent quartz stones. Colonization rates in these areas, which receive virtually no rain but mainly fog, are significantly higher than those reported inland in the hyperarid zone at the same latitude. Here, hypolithic colonization rates can be up to 80%, with all quartz rocks over 20 g being colonized. This finding strongly suggests that hypolithic microbial communities thriving in the seaward face of the Coastal Range can survive with fog as the main regular source of moisture. A model is advanced where the development of the hypolithic communities under quartz stones relies on a positive feedback between fog availability and the higher thermal conductivity of the quartz rocks, which results in lower daytime temperatures at the quartz-soil interface microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - FOG
KW  - COASTAL biology
KW  - QUARTZ
KW  - ARCHAEBACTERIA
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
N1  - Accession Number: 59834610; Azúa-Bustos, Armando; Email Address: ajazua@uc.cl González-Silva, Carlos 1 Mancilla, Rodrigo 2 Salas, Loreto 2 Gómez-Silva, Benito 3 McKay, Christopher 4 Vicuña, Rafael; Affiliation:  1: Centro de investigación del Medio Ambiente (CENIMA), Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique Chile  2: Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340 Santiago Chile  3: Departamento Biomédico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta Chile  4: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p568; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: FOG; Subject Term: COASTAL biology; Subject Term: QUARTZ; Subject Term: ARCHAEBACTERIA; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-010-9784-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Makarewicz, Heather D.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
T1  - Decomposition of mineral absorption bands using nonlinear least squares curve fitting: Application to Martian meteorites and CRISM data
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/04//
VL  - 59
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 442
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: This study advances curve-fitting modeling of absorption bands of reflectance spectra and applies this new model to spectra of Martian meteorites ALH 84001 and EETA 79001 and data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). This study also details a recently introduced automated parameter initialization technique. We assess the performance of this automated procedure by comparing it to the currently available initialization method and perform a sensitivity analysis of the fit results to variation in initial guesses. We explore the issues related to the removal of the continuum, offer guidelines for continuum removal when modeling the absorptions and explore different continuum-removal techniques. We further evaluate the suitability of curve fitting techniques using Gaussians/Modified Gaussians to decompose spectra into individual end-member bands. We show that nonlinear least squares techniques such as the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm achieve comparable results to the MGM model () for meteorite spectra. Finally we use Gaussian modeling to fit CRISM spectra of pyroxene and olivine-rich terrains on Mars. Analysis of CRISM spectra of two regions show that the pyroxene-dominated rock spectra measured at Juventae Chasma were modeled well with low Ca pyroxene, while the pyroxene-rich spectra acquired at Libya Montes required both low-Ca and high-Ca pyroxene for a good fit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - ENERGY bands
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - CURVE fitting
KW  - MARTIAN meteorites
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Curve fitting
KW  - Gaussian modeling
KW  - Mars
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - VNIR reflectance spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 58541266; Parente, Mario 1,2; Email Address: Mario_Parente@brown.edu Makarewicz, Heather D. 2,3; Email Address: hmakarew@gmail.com Bishop, Janice L. 2; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Box 1846, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: University of Kansas, 1520 West 15th Street, 2001 Eaton Hall, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 59 Issue 5/6, p423; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: ENERGY bands; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: CURVE fitting; Subject Term: MARTIAN meteorites; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curve fitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: VNIR reflectance spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=58541266&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobrick, Ryan L.
AU  - Klaus, David M.
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
T1  - Standardization of a volumetric displacement measurement for two-body abrasion scratch test data analysis
JO  - Wear
JF  - Wear
Y1  - 2011/04/04/
VL  - 270
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 650
EP  - 657
SN  - 00431648
AB  - Abstract: A limitation has been identified in the existing test standards used for making controlled, two-body abrasion scratch measurements (ASTM Standard G 171) based solely on the width of the resultant score on the surface of the material. A new, more robust method is proposed to complement the current two-body scratch test standard for analyzing a surface scratch that takes into account the full three-dimensional (3D) profile of the displaced material. To accomplish this, a set of four volume displacement metrics are systematically defined by normalizing the overall surface profile to statistically denote the area of relevance, termed the ‘Zone of Interaction’ (ZOI). From this baseline, depth of the trough and height of the ploughed material are factored into the overall deformation assessment. A complete set of roughness parameters are calculated on the fresh surface and resulting abraded surface to aid in shape change characterization of the material. Proof of concept data were collected and analyzed to demonstrate the performance of this proposed methodology. This technique takes advantage of advanced imaging capabilities that now allow resolution of the scratched surface to be quantified in greater detail than was previously achievable. A quantified understanding of fundamental particle–material interaction is critical to anticipating how well components can withstand prolonged use in highly abrasive environments, specifically for our intended applications on the surface of the moon and other planets or asteroids, as well as in similarly demanding, harsh terrestrial settings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Wear is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STANDARDIZATION
KW  - VOLUMETRIC analysis
KW  - TWO-body problem (Physics)
KW  - ABRASION resistance
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Profilometry
KW  - Scratch testing
KW  - Surface analysis
KW  - Surface topography
KW  - Two-body abrasion
N1  - Accession Number: 59640426; Kobrick, Ryan L. 1; Email Address: Kobrick@Colorado.edu Klaus, David M. 1; Email Address: Klaus@Colorado.edu Street, Kenneth W. 2; Email Address: Kenneth.W.Street@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado at Boulder, 429 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 270 Issue 9/10, p650; Subject Term: STANDARDIZATION; Subject Term: VOLUMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: TWO-body problem (Physics); Subject Term: ABRASION resistance; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Profilometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scratch testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-body abrasion; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wear.2011.01.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59640426&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parkera, Eric T.
AU  - Cleaves, Henderson J.
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
AU  - Callahan, Michael
AU  - Aubrey, Andrew
AU  - Lazcano, Antonio
AU  - Bada, Jeffrey L.
T1  - Primordial synthesis of amines and amino acids in a 1958 Miller H2S-rich spark discharge experiment.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2011/04/05/
VL  - 108
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 5526
EP  - 5531
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Archived samples from a previously unreported 1958 Stanley Miller electric discharge experiment containing hydrogen sulfide (H25) were recently discovered and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. We report here the detection and quantification of primary aminecontaining compounds in the original sample residues, which were produced via spark discharge using a gaseous mixture of H2S. CH4, NH3, and CO2. A total of-23 amino acids and 4 amines, including 7 organosulfur compounds were detected in these samples. The major amino acids with chiral centers are racemic within the accuracy of the measurements, indicating that they are not contaminants introduced during sample storage. This experiment marks the first synthesis of sulfur amino acids from spark discharge experiments designed to imitate primordial environments. The relative yield of some amino acids, in particular the isomers of aminobutyric acid, are the highest ever found in a spark discharge. experiment. The simulated primordial conditions used by Miller may serve as a model for early volcanic plume chemistry and provide insight to the possible roles such plumes may have played in abiotic organic synthesis. Additionally, the overall abundances of the synthesized amino acids in the presence of H2S are very similar to the abundances found in some carbonaceous meteorites, suggesting that H2S may have played an important role in prebiotic reactions in early solar system environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMINO acid synthesis
KW  - AMINES -- Research
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges -- Research
KW  - LIQUID chromatography
KW  - SULFUR compounds
KW  - carbonaceous chondrites
KW  - prebiotis chemistry
KW  - volcano plume chemistry
KW  - MILLER, Stanley, 1930-2007
N1  - Accession Number: 60163787; Parkera, Eric T. 1 Cleaves, Henderson J. 1 Dworkin, Jason P. 2 Glavin, Daniel P. 2 Callahan, Michael 2 Aubrey, Andrew 3 Lazcano, Antonio 4 Bada, Jeffrey L. 5; Email Address: jbada@ucsd.edu; Affiliation:  1: Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, 8615 Kennel Way, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA]  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Apdo. Postal 70-407 Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico  5: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA; Source Info: 4/5/2011, Vol. 108 Issue 14, p5526; Subject Term: AMINO acid synthesis; Subject Term: AMINES -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges -- Research; Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography; Subject Term: SULFUR compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbonaceous chondrites; Author-Supplied Keyword: prebiotis chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: volcano plume chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; People: MILLER, Stanley, 1930-2007; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1019191108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chenyu  Wei
AU  - Andrew  Pohorille
T1  - Permeation of Nucleosides through Lipid Bilayers.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2011/04/07/
VL  - 115
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3681
EP  - 3688
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Elucidating mechanisms that facilitate primordial synthesis of information polymers is central to understanding the origins of life. One such mechanism might have been the recently discovered diastereoselectivity of membranes favoring uptake of ribose (Sacerdote, M. G.; Szostak, J. W. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.2005, 102, 6004), which might have promoted its preferential incorporation into nucleic acids. To determine whether the same mechanism was available if nucleosides rather than sugars were supplied to ancestral cells, we carry out molecular dynamics simulations of their permeation through a lipid bilayer. We find that the free energy barriers to permeation of ribo-adenosine and arabino-adenosine through the 1-palmitoyl- 2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine membrane are quite similar, equal to 10.0 and 10.4 kcal/mol, respectively. The corresponding permeability coefficients are also similar, equal to 9.1 Ã 10â7and 5.3 Ã 10â7cm/s. The 10-fold increase in permeability of membranes to ribose over its diastereomers is not preserved for nucleosides because in contrast to free aldopentoses they exist in the furanose rather than pyranose form. This change eliminates the possibility of forming a network of favorable, intramolecular interactions between exocyclic, hydroxyl groups that stabilizes ribose, but not its diastereomers, inside membranes. Thus, uptake of nutrients provided selective advantage to primordial RNA only if the species absorbed through cell walls were sugars rather than nucleosides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEOSIDES
KW  - BILAYER lipid membranes
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - RIBOSE
KW  - NUCLEIC acids
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - DIASTEREOISOMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 59709441; Chenyu  Wei 1 Andrew  Pohorille 1; Affiliation:  1: â NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 229-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 115 Issue 13, p3681; Subject Term: NUCLEOSIDES; Subject Term: BILAYER lipid membranes; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: RIBOSE; Subject Term: NUCLEIC acids; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: DIASTEREOISOMERS; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leaman, Jesse
AU  - Li, Weidong
AU  - Chornock, Ryan
AU  - Filippenko, Alexei V.
T1  - Nearby supernova rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search - I. The methods and data base.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/04/11/
VL  - 412
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1419
EP  - 1440
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - This is the first paper of a series in which we present new measurements of the observed rates of supernovae (SNe) in the local Universe, determined from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search. We have obtained 2.3 million observations of 14 882 sample galaxies over an interval of 11 years (1998 March to 2008 December). We considered 1036 SNe detected in our sample and used an optimal subsample of 726 SNe (274 Type Ia SNe, 116 Type Ibc SNe and Type II 324 SNe) to determine our SN rates. This is the largest and most homogeneous set of nearby SNe ever assembled for this purpose, and ours is the first local SN rate analysis based on CCD imaging and modern image-subtraction techniques. In this paper, we lay the foundation of the study. We derive the recipe for the control-time calculation for SNe with a known luminosity function and provide details on the construction of the galaxy and SN samples used in the calculations. Compared with a complete volume-limited galaxy sample, our sample has a deficit of low-luminosity galaxies but still provides enough statistics for a reliable rate calculation. There is a strong Malmquist bias, so the average size (luminosity or mass) of the galaxies increases monotonically with distance, and this trend is used to showcase a correlation between SN rates and galaxy sizes. Very few core-collapse SNe are found in early-type galaxies, providing strong constraints on the amount of recent star formation within these galaxies. The small average observation interval ( d) of our survey ensures that our control-time calculations can tolerate a reasonable amount of uncertainty in the luminosity functions of SNe. We perform Monte Carlo simulations to determine the limiting magnitude of each image and the SN detection efficiency as a function of galaxy Hubble type. The limiting magnitude and the detection efficiency, together with the luminosity function derived from a complete sample of very nearby SNe in Paper II, will be used to calculate the control time and the SN rates in Paper III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - LICK Observatory
N1  - Accession Number: 59765376; Leaman, Jesse 1,2 Li, Weidong 1 Chornock, Ryan 1,3 Filippenko, Alexei V. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 412 Issue 3, p1419; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Company/Entity: LICK Observatory; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18158.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59765376&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Weidong
AU  - Leaman, Jesse
AU  - Chornock, Ryan
AU  - Filippenko, Alexei V.
AU  - Poznanski, Dovi
AU  - Ganeshalingam, Mohan
AU  - Wang, Xiaofeng
AU  - Modjaz, Maryam
AU  - Jha, Saurabh
AU  - Foley, Ryan J.
AU  - Smith, Nathan
T1  - Nearby supernova rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search - II. The observed luminosity functions and fractions of supernovae in a complete sample.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/04/11/
VL  - 412
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1441
EP  - 1472
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - This is the second paper of a series in which we present new measurements of the observed rates of supernovae (SNe) in the local Universe, determined from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS). In this paper, a complete SN sample is constructed, and the observed (uncorrected for host-galaxy extinction) luminosity functions (LFs) of SNe are derived. These LFs solve two issues that have plagued previous rate calculations for nearby SNe: the luminosity distribution of SNe and the host-galaxy extinction. We select a volume-limited sample of 175 SNe, collect photometry for every object and fit a family of light curves to constrain the peak magnitudes and light-curve shapes. The volume-limited LFs show that they are not well represented by a Gaussian distribution. There are notable differences in the LFs for galaxies of different Hubble types (especially for SNe Ia). We derive the observed fractions for the different subclasses in a complete SN sample, and find significant fractions of SNe II-L (10 per cent), IIb (12 per cent) and IIn (9 per cent) in the SN II sample. Furthermore, we derive the LFs and the observed fractions of different SN subclasses in a magnitude-limited survey with different observation intervals, and find that the LFs are enhanced at the high-luminosity end and appear more 'standard' with smaller scatter, and that the LFs and fractions of SNe do not change significantly when the observation interval is shorter than 10 d. We also discuss the LFs in different galaxy sizes and inclinations, and for different SN subclasses. Some notable results are that there is not a strong correlation between the SN LFs and the host-galaxy size, but there might be a preference for SNe IIn to occur in small, late-type spiral galaxies. The LFs in different inclination bins do not provide strong evidence for extreme extinction in highly inclined galaxies, though the sample is still small. The LFs of different SN subclasses show significant differences. We also find that SNe Ibc and IIb come from more luminous galaxies than SNe II-P, while SNe IIn come from less luminous galaxies, suggesting a possible metallicity effect. The limitations and applications of our LFs are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - LICK Observatory
N1  - Accession Number: 59765370; Li, Weidong 1 Leaman, Jesse 1,2 Chornock, Ryan 1,3 Filippenko, Alexei V. 1 Poznanski, Dovi 1,4 Ganeshalingam, Mohan 1 Wang, Xiaofeng 1,5,6 Modjaz, Maryam 1,7 Jha, Saurabh 1,8 Foley, Ryan J. 1,3 Smith, Nathan 1,9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA  6: Physics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China  7: Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA  9: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 412 Issue 3, p1441; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Company/Entity: LICK Observatory; Number of Pages: 32p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18160.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Weidong
AU  - Chornock, Ryan
AU  - Leaman, Jesse
AU  - Filippenko, Alexei V.
AU  - Poznanski, Dovi
AU  - Wang, Xiaofeng
AU  - Ganeshalingam, Mohan
AU  - Mannucci, Filippo
T1  - Nearby supernova rates from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search - III. The rate-size relation, and the rates as a function of galaxy Hubble type and colour.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/04/11/
VL  - 412
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1473
EP  - 1507
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - This is the third paper of a series in which we present new measurements of the observed rates of supernovae (SNe) in the local Universe, determined from the Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS). We have considered a sample of SNe and used an optimal subsample of 726 SNe (274 SNe Ia, 116 SNe Ibc and 324 SNe II) to determine our rates. We study the trend of the rates as a function of a few quantities available for our galaxy sample, such as luminosity in the and bands, stellar mass and morphological class. We discuss different choices (SN samples, input SN luminosity functions, inclination correction factors) and their effect on the rates and their uncertainties. A comparison between our SN rates and the published measurements shows that they are consistent with each other to within the uncertainties when the rate calculations are done in the same manner. Nevertheless, our data demonstrate that the rates cannot be adequately described by a single parameter using either galaxy Hubble types or colours. A secondary parameter in galaxy 'size', expressed by luminosity or stellar mass, is needed to adequately describe the rates in the rate-size relation: the galaxies of smaller sizes have higher SN rates per unit mass or per unit luminosity. The trends of the SN rates in galaxies of different Hubble types and colours are discussed. We examine possible causes for the rate-size relation. Physically, such a relation for the core-collapse SNe is probably linked to the correlation between the specific star-formation rate and the galaxy sizes, but it is not clear whether the same link can be established for SNe Ia. We discuss the two-component ('tardy' and 'prompt') model for SN Ia rates, and find that the SN Ia rates in young stellar populations might have a strong correlation with the core-collapse SN rates. We derive volumetric rates for the different SN types [e.g. for SNe Ia, a rate of SN Mpc yr at redshift 0] and compare them to the measurements at different redshifts. Finally, we estimate the SN rate for the Milky Way Galaxy to be SNe per century (with a systematic uncertainty of a factor of ), consistent with published SN rates based on several different techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STARS -- Color
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - RED shift
KW  - MILKY Way
KW  - LICK Observatory
N1  - Accession Number: 59765397; Li, Weidong 1 Chornock, Ryan 1,2 Leaman, Jesse 1,3 Filippenko, Alexei V. 1 Poznanski, Dovi 1,4 Wang, Xiaofeng 1,5,6 Ganeshalingam, Mohan 1 Mannucci, Filippo 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: Department of Physics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-4242, USA  6: Physics Department and Tsinghua Center for Astrophysics (THCA), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China  7: INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Firenze, Italy; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 412 Issue 3, p1473; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STARS -- Color; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: MILKY Way; Company/Entity: LICK Observatory; Number of Pages: 35p; Illustrations: 13 Charts, 29 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18162.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59765397&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, N.
AU  - Amzajerdian, F.
AU  - Reichle, D.
AU  - Carrion, W.
AU  - Busch, G.
AU  - Leisher, P.
T1  - Diode pumped Ho:YAG and Ho:LuAG lasers, Q-switching and second harmonic generation.
JO  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
JF  - Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics
Y1  - 2011/04/15/
VL  - 103
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 66
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09462171
AB  - Direct diode pumped Ho:YAG generated laser pulses at 2.12 μm with an optical to optical slope efficiency of 0.24. Ho:YAG and Ho:LuAG laser rods were evaluated with both wide and narrow bandwidth pump diodes. The laser wavelength varies with the level of pumping and optical design. This variation was found to be predictable. Second harmonic at 1.06 μm was produced in a 6.0 mm long BBO crystal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics B: Lasers & Optics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL pumping
KW  - OPTICAL detectors
KW  - SOLID-state lasers
KW  - SWITCHING circuits
KW  - SECOND harmonic generation
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - CRYSTAL optics
N1  - Accession Number: 59984472; Barnes, N. 1; Email Address: norman.p.barnes@nasa.gov Amzajerdian, F. 1 Reichle, D. 1 Carrion, W. 2 Busch, G. 2 Leisher, P. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA  2: Coherent Applications Inc, Hampton 23681 USA  3: nLight, 5408 NE 88th Street Vancouver 98665 USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 103 Issue 1, p57; Subject Term: OPTICAL pumping; Subject Term: OPTICAL detectors; Subject Term: SOLID-state lasers; Subject Term: SWITCHING circuits; Subject Term: SECOND harmonic generation; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: CRYSTAL optics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00340-010-4195-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuet, Stefan
AU  - Timucin, Doğan
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin
T1  - A Model-Based Probabilistic Inversion Framework for Characterizing Wire Fault Detection Using TDR.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2011/04/15/
VL  - 60
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1654
EP  - 1663
SN  - 00189456
AB  - Time-domain reflectometry (TDR) is one of the standard methods for diagnosing faults in electrical wiring and interconnect systems, with a long-standing history focused mainly on hardware development of both high-fidelity systems for laboratory use and portable handheld devices for field deployment. While these devices can easily assess distance to hard faults such as sustained opens or shorts, their ability to assess subtle but important degradation such as chafing remains an open question. This paper presents a unified framework for TDR-based chafing fault detection in lossy coaxial cables by combining an S -parameter-based forward-modeling approach with a probabilistic (Bayesian) inference algorithm. Results are presented for the estimation of nominal and faulty cable parameters from laboratory data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC fault location
KW  - ELECTRIC wiring
KW  - TIME-domain reflectometry
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - Bayesian
KW  - Coaxial cables
KW  - Fault detection
KW  - Hardware
KW  - Impedance
KW  - S-parameters
KW  - Scattering parameters
KW  - time-domain reflectometry (TDR)
KW  - Voltage measurement
KW  - Wiring
N1  - Accession Number: 59822892; Schuet, Stefan 1 Timucin, Doğan 2 Wheeler, Kevin 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field , CA, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 04/15/2011, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p1654; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fault location; Subject Term: ELECTRIC wiring; Subject Term: TIME-domain reflectometry; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coaxial cables; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hardware; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impedance; Author-Supplied Keyword: S-parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: time-domain reflectometry (TDR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Voltage measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wiring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2011.2105030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59822892&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bigelow, G.S.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.J.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Load-biased shape-memory and superelastic properties of a precipitation strengthened high-temperature Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 alloy
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2011/04/15/
VL  - 64
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 725
EP  - 728
SN  - 13596462
AB  - A slightly Ni-rich NiTi–20Hf (at.%) alloy was aged for 3h at 550°C to form a homogeneous distribution of 10–20nm precipitates. To determine the effect of such structures on the martensite–austenite transformation, preliminary load-biased shape-memory and superelastic properties were measured. The alloy exhibited reasonably high transformation temperatures, near-perfect dimensional stability and a work output as high as 18.7Jcm−3 during load-biased thermal cycling. Isothermal stress cycling of the austenite between 180 and 220°C resulted in near-perfect superelastic behavior up to 3% applied strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
KW  - Martensitic phase transformation
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Tension test
KW  - Transformation strain
N1  - Accession Number: 58123639; Bigelow, G.S. 1; Email Address: glen.s.bigelow@nasa.gov Garg, A. 1,2; Email Address: Anita.Garg-1@nasa.gov Padula, S.A. 1 Gaydosh, D.J. 1,3; Email Address: Darrell.J.Gaydosh@nasa.gov Noebe, R.D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Structures and Materials Division, 21000 Brookpark Rd., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA  2: 2801 W. Bancroft, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  3: 22800 Cedar Point Road, Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 64 Issue 8, p725; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tension test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transformation strain; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.12.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laurent, P.
AU  - Rodriguez, J.
AU  - Wilms, J.
AU  - Bel, M. Cadolle
AU  - Pottschmidt, K.
AU  - Grinberg, V.
T1  - Polarized Gamma-Ray Emission from the Galactic Black Hole Cygnus X-1.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/04/22/
VL  - 332
IS  - 6028
M3  - Article
SP  - 438
EP  - 439
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Because of their inherently high flux allowing the detection of clear signals, black hole x-ray binaries are interesting candidates for polarization studies, even if no polarization signals have been observed from them before. Such measurements would provide further detailed insight into these sources' emission mechanisms. We measured the polarization of the gamma-ray emission from the black hole binary system Cygnus X-1 with the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory Imager on Board the Integral Satellite (INTEGRAL/IBIS) telescope. Spectral modeling of the data reveals two emission mechanisms: The 250- to 400-keV (kilo-electron volt) data are consistent with emission dominated by Compton scattering on thermal electrons and are weakly polarized. The second spectral component seen in the 400-keV to 2-MeV band is by contrast strongly polarized, revealing that the MeV emission is probably related to the jet first detected in the radio band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - X-ray binaries
KW  - GAMMA ray astronomy
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - BLACK holes (Astronomy)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - GALACTIC X-ray sources
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - COMPTON effect
N1  - Accession Number: 60449089; Laurent, P. 1; Email Address: plaurent@cea.fr Rodriguez, J. 2 Wilms, J. 3 Bel, M. Cadolle 4 Pottschmidt, K. 5,6 Grinberg, V. 3; Affiliation:  1: Astroparticules et Cosmologie (APC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (CEA/IRFU), 10, rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205, Paris Cedex 13, France  2: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/IRFU, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers, CEA Saclay, DSM/IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France  3: Dr. Karl Remeis-Sternwarte and Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sternwartstrasse 7, 96049 Bamberg, Germany  4: International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) Science Operations Centre, Science Operations Department, European Space Astronomy Centre, Post Office Box 78, E-28691 Villanuevade la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  5: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Science Division, Code 661, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA; Source Info: 4/22/2011, Vol. 332 Issue 6028, p438; Subject Term: X-ray binaries; Subject Term: GAMMA ray astronomy; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: BLACK holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: GALACTIC X-ray sources; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: COMPTON effect; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1200848
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60449089&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davami, Keivan
AU  - Kang, Daegun
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Erratum to “Synthesis of ZnTe nanostructures by vapor–liquid–solid technique” [Chem. Phys. Lett. 504 (2011), 62–66]
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2011/04/29/
VL  - 507
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 208
EP  - 208
SN  - 00092614
N1  - Accession Number: 60160617; Davami, Keivan 1 Kang, Daegun 1 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr Meyyappan, M. 2; Email Address: m.meyyappan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT-Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Apr2011, Vol. 507 Issue 1-3, p208; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.01.053
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hamilton, D.R.
AU  - Alferova, I.V.
AU  - Sargsyan, A.E.
AU  - Fincke, E.M.
AU  - Magnus, S.H.
AU  - Lonchakov, Y.V.
AU  - Dulchavsky, S.A.
AU  - Ebert, D.
AU  - Garcia, K.
AU  - Martin, D.
AU  - Matveev, V.P.
AU  - Voronkov, Y.I.
AU  - Melton, S.L.
AU  - Bogomolov, V.V.
AU  - Duncan, J.M.
T1  - Right ventricular tissue Doppler assessment in space during circulating volume modification using the Braslet device
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 68
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1501
EP  - 1508
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Introduction: This joint US–Russian work aims to establish a methodology for assessing cardiac function in microgravity in association with manipulation of central circulating volume. Russian Braslet-M (Braslet) occlusion cuffs were used to temporarily increase the volume of blood in the lower extremities, effectively reducing the volume in central circulation. The methodology was tested at the International Space Station (ISS) to assess the volume status of crewmembers by evaluating the responses to application and release of the cuffs, as well as to modified Valsalva and Mueller maneuvers. This case study examines the use of tissue Doppler (TD) of the right ventricular (RV) free wall. Results: Baseline TD of the RV free wall without Braslet showed early diastolic E′ (16cm/s), late diastolic A′ (14cm/s), and systolic S′ (12cm/s) velocities comparable with those in normal subjects on Earth. Braslet application caused 50% decrease of E′ (8cm/s), 45% increase of A′, and no change to S′. Approximately 8 beats after the Braslet release, TD showed E′ of 8cm/s, A′ of 12cm/s, and S′ of 13cm/s. At this point after release, E′ did not recover to baseline values while l A′ and S′ did recover. The pre-systolic cross-sectional area of the internal jugular vein without Braslet was 1.07cm2, and 1.13cm2 10min after the Braslet was applied. The respective cross-sectional areas of the femoral vein were 0.50 and 0.54cm2. The RV myocardial performance Tei index was calculated by dividing the sum of the isovolumic contraction time and isovolumic relaxation time by the ejection time ((IVCT+IVRT)/ET); baseline and Braslet-on values for Tei index were 0.25 and 0.22, respectively. Braslet Tei indices are within normal ranges found in healthy terrestrial subjects and temporarily become greater than 0.4 during the dynamic Braslet release portion of the study. Conclusions: TD modality was successfully implemented in space flight for the first time. TD of RV revealed that the Braslet influenced cardiac preload and that fluid was sequestered in the lower extremity interstitial and vascular space after only 10min of application. This report demonstrates that Braslet application has an effect on RV physiology in long-duration space flight based on TD, and that this effect is in part due to venous hemodynamics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
KW  - RIGHT heart ventricle
KW  - JUGULAR vein
KW  - FEMORAL vein
KW  - CASE studies
KW  - Braslet
KW  - Countermeasure
KW  - Echocardiography
KW  - Fluid sequestration
KW  - Fluid shift
KW  - Hypervolemia
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Remote guidance
KW  - Space flight
KW  - Venous occlusion cuffs
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 59324845; Hamilton, D.R. 1 Alferova, I.V. 2 Sargsyan, A.E. 1; Email Address: aesargsyan@gmail.com Fincke, E.M. 3 Magnus, S.H. 3 Lonchakov, Y.V. 4 Dulchavsky, S.A. 5 Ebert, D. 1 Garcia, K. 1 Martin, D. 1 Matveev, V.P. 4 Voronkov, Y.I. 2 Melton, S.L. 1 Bogomolov, V.V. 2 Duncan, J.M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, 1290 Hercules Ave, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 76-A Khoroshevskoye sh., Moscow 123007, Russia  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Rd 1, Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: Yuri A. Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center (GCTC), Moscow Region 141160, Russia  5: Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 68 Issue 9/10, p1501; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; Subject Term: RIGHT heart ventricle; Subject Term: JUGULAR vein; Subject Term: FEMORAL vein; Subject Term: CASE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Braslet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Countermeasure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Echocardiography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid sequestration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypervolemia; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote guidance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venous occlusion cuffs; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.11.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roesch, A.
AU  - Wild, M.
AU  - Ohmura, A.
AU  - Dutton, E. G.
AU  - Long, C. N.
AU  - Zhang, T.
T1  - "Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means" published in Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 339-354, 2011.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 18671381
AB  - A correction to the article "Assessment of BSRN radiation records for the computation of monthly means" that was published in the 2011 issue is presented.
KW  - RADIATION
N1  - Accession Number: 70126779; Roesch, A. 1; Email Address: andreas.roesch@env.ethz.ch Wild, M. 1 Ohmura, A. 1 Dutton, E. G. 2 Long, C. N. 3 Zhang, T. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitaetsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland  2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory GMD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  3: Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 902 Batelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: RADIATION; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.5194/amt-4-973-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Epshteyn, Yekaterina
AU  - Kurganov, Alexander
AU  - Petrova, Guergana
T1  - Well-balanced positivity preserving central-upwind scheme on triangular grids for the Saint-Venant system.
JO  - ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling & Numerical Analysis
JF  - ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling & Numerical Analysis
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 45
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 423
EP  - 446
SN  - 0764583X
AB  - We introduce a new second-order central-upwind scheme for the Saint-Venant system of shallow water equations on triangular grids. We prove that the scheme both preserves “lake at rest” steady states and guarantees the positivity of the computed fluid depth. Moreover, it can be applied to models with discontinuous bottom topography and irregular channel widths. We demonstrate these features of the new scheme, as well as its high resolution and robustness in a number of numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ESAIM: Mathematical Modelling & Numerical Analysis is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - WAVE equation
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - ROBUST control
N1  - Accession Number: 57545632; Bryson, Steve 1 Epshteyn, Yekaterina 2 Kurganov, Alexander 3 Petrova, Guergana 4; Email Address: gpetrova@math.tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  2: Department of Mathematical Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.  3: Mathematics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.  4: Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 45 Issue 3, p423; Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: WAVE equation; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vasavada, S.
AU  - Sun, X.
AU  - Ishii, M.
AU  - Duval, W.
T1  - An experimental study of two-phase flow in simulated reduced-gravity condition: dispersed droplet to slug flow transition and slug flow.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1373
EP  - 1384
SN  - 07234864
AB  - The results from an experimental study of reduced-gravity two-phase flows are reported in this paper. The experiments were conducted in simulated reduced-gravity conditions in a ground-based test facility with a circular test section of 25 mm inner diameter. The flow conditions for which data were acquired lie in the dispersed droplet to slug flow transition and slug flow regime. Local data were acquired for 17 different flow conditions at three axial locations. The acquired data complement and extend those discussed in an earlier paper by the authors (Vasavada et al. in, Exp Fluids 43: 53-75, ). The radial profiles and axial changes in the local data are analyzed and discussed in this paper. The area-averaged data, in conjunction with the local data, are discussed to highlight important interaction mechanisms occurring between fluid particles, i.e., drops. The data clearly show the effect of progressive coalescence leading to formation of slug drops. Furthermore, the shape of slug drops in reduced-gravity conditions was observed to be different from that in normal-gravity case. The analyses presented here show the presence of drop coalescence mechanisms that lead to the formation of slug drops and transition from dispersed droplet flow to the slug flow regime. The most likely causes of the coalescence mechanism are random collision of drops driven by turbulence eddies in the continuous phase and wake entrainment of smaller drops that follow preceding larger drops in the wake region. Data from flow conditions in which the breakup mechanism due to impact of turbulent eddies on drops illustrate the disintegration mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - EDDIES
N1  - Accession Number: 60018106; Vasavada, S. 1,2; Email Address: sxv@eri-world.com Sun, X. 3 Ishii, M. 1 Duval, W. 4; Affiliation:  1: School of Nuclear Engineering, Purdue University, 400 Central Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA  2: Energy Research Inc., 6189 Executive Blvd., Rockville, MD 20852, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Ohio State University, E431 Scott Laboratory, 201 W. 19th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210, USA  4: Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p1373; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: EDDIES; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00348-010-0976-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ANDERSEN, D. T.
AU  - SUMNER, D. Y.
AU  - HAWES, I.
AU  - WEBSTER-BROWN, J.
AU  - MCKAY, C. P.
T1  - Discovery of large conical stromatolites in Lake Untersee, Antarctica.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 293
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Lake Untersee is one of the largest (11.4 km) and deepest (>160 m) freshwater lakes in East Antarctica. Located at 71°S the lake has a perennial ice cover, a water column that, with the exception of a small anoxic basin in the southwest of the lake, is well mixed, supersaturated with dissolved oxygen, alkaline (pH 10.4) and exceedingly clear. The floor of the lake is covered with photosynthetic microbial mats to depths of at least 100 m. These mats are primarily composed of filamentous cyanophytes and form two distinct macroscopic structures, one of which - cm-scale cuspate pinnacles dominated by Leptolyngbya spp. - is common in Antarctica, but the second - laminated, conical stromatolites that rise up to 0.5 m above the lake floor, dominated by Phormidium spp. - has not previously been reported in any modern environment. The laminae that form the conical stromatolites are 0.2-0.8 mm in thickness consisting of fine clays and organic material; carbon dating implies that laminations may occur on near decadal timescales. The uniformly steep sides (59.6 ± 2.5°) and the regular laminar structure of the cones suggest that they may provide a modern analog for growth of some of the oldest well-described Archean stromatolites. Mechanisms underlying the formation of these stromatolites are as yet unclear, but their growth is distinct from that of the cuspate pinnacles. The sympatric occurrence of pinnacles and cones related to microbial communities with distinct cyanobacterial compositions suggest that specific microbial behaviors underpin the morphological differences in the structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - SEDIMENTARY structures
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - LAKES
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 60092985; ANDERSEN, D. T. 1; Email Address: dandersen@carlsagancenter.org SUMNER, D. Y. 2 HAWES, I. 3,4 WEBSTER-BROWN, J. 4 MCKAY, C. P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute,Mountain View, CA, USA  2: Geology Department,University of California,Davis, CA,USA  3: The Antarctic Center, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand  4: The Waterways Centre for Freshwater Management, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand  5: MS-245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p280; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY structures; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1472-4669.2011.00279.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodríguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Tanaka, Kenneth L.
AU  - Crown, David A.
AU  - Berman, Daniel C.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Furfaro, Roberto
AU  - Candelaria, Pat
AU  - Sasaki, Sho
T1  - Secondary chaotic terrain formation in the higher outflow channels of southern circum-Chryse, Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 213
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 150
EP  - 194
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Higher outflow channel dissection in the martian region of southern circum-Chryse appears to have extended from the Late Hesperian to the Middle Amazonian Epoch. These outflow channels were excavated within the upper 1km of the cryolithosphere, where no liquid water is expected to have existed during these geologic epochs. In accordance with previous work, our examination of outflow channel floor morphologies suggests the upper crust excavated by the studied outflow channels consisted of a thin (a few tens of meters) layer of dry geologic materials overlying an indurated zone that extends to the bases of the investigated outflow channels (1km in depth). We find that the floors of these outflow channels contain widespread secondary chaotic terrains (i.e., chaotic terrains produced by the destruction of channel-floor materials). These chaotic terrains occur within the full range of outflow channel dissection and tend to form clusters. Our examination of the geology of these chaotic terrains suggests that their formation did not result in the generation of floods. Nevertheless, despite their much smaller dimensions, these chaotic terrains are comprised of the same basic morphologic elements (e.g., mesas, knobs, and smooth deposits within scarp-bound depressions) as those located in the initiation zones of the outflow channels, which suggests that their formation must have involved the release of ground volatiles. We propose that these chaotic terrains developed not catastrophically but gradually and during multiple episodes of nested surface collapse. In order to explain the formation of secondary chaotic terrains within zones of outflow channel dissection, we propose that the regional Martian cryolithosphere contained widespread lenses of volatiles in liquid form. In this model, channel floor collapse and secondary chaotic terrain formation would have taken place as a consequence of instabilities arising during their exhumation by outflow channel dissection. Within relatively warm upper crustal materials in volcanic settings, or within highly saline crustal materials where cryopegs developed, lenses of volatiles in liquid form within the cryolithosphere could have formed, and/or remained stable. In addition, our numerical simulations suggest that low thermal conductivity, dry fine-grained porous geologic materials just a few tens of meters in thickness (e.g., dunes, sand sheets, some types of regolith materials), could have produced high thermal anomalies resulting in subsurface melting. The existence of a global layer of dry geologic materials overlying the cryolithosphere would suggest that widespread lenses of fluids existed (and may still exist) at shallow depths wherever these materials are fine-grained and porous. The surface ages of the investigated outflow channels and chaotic terrains span a full 500 to 700Myr. Chaotic terrains similar in dimensions and morphology to secondary chaotic terrains are not observed conspicuously throughout the surface of Mars, suggesting that intra-cryolithospheric fluid lenses may form relatively stable systems. The existence of widespread groundwater lenses at shallow depths of burial has tremendous implications for exobiological studies and future human exploration. We find that the clear geomorphologic anomaly that the chaotic terrains and outflow channels of southern Chryse form within the Martian landscape could have been a consequence of large-scale resurfacing resulting from anomalously extensive subsurface melt in this region of the planet produced by high concentrations of salts within the regional upper crust. Crater count statistics reveal that secondary chaotic terrains and the outflow channels within which they occur have overlapping ages, suggesting that the instabilities leading to their formation rapidly dissipated, perhaps as the thickness of the cryolithosphere was reset following the disruption of the upper crustal thermal structure produced during outflow channel excavation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RIVER channels
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - FORMATIONS (Geology)
KW  - GEODYNAMICS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 60155374; Rodríguez, J. Alexis P. 1; Email Address: alexis@psi.edu Kargel, Jeffrey S. 2 Tanaka, Kenneth L. 3 Crown, David A. 1 Berman, Daniel C. 1 Fairén, Alberto G. 4,5 Baker, Victor R. 2 Furfaro, Roberto 6 Candelaria, Pat 6 Sasaki, Sho 7; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Astrogeology Science Center, US Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  4: SETI Institute, 515 N Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 95821, USA  7: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-12 Hoshigaoka, Mizusawa, Oshu, 023-0861, Japan; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 213 Issue 1, p150; Subject Term: RIVER channels; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: FORMATIONS (Geology); Subject Term: GEODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2010.09.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saleeb, A.F.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Kumar, A.
T1  - A multi-axial, multimechanism based constitutive model for the comprehensive representation of the evolutionary response of SMAs under general thermomechanical loading conditions
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 27
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 655
EP  - 687
SN  - 07496419
AB  - Abstract: We present a fully general, three dimensional, constitutive model for Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs), aimed at describing all of the salient features of SMA evolutionary response under complex thermomechanical loading conditions. In this, we utilize the mathematical formulation we have constructed, along with a single set of the model’s material parameters, to demonstrate the capturing of numerous responses that are experimentally observed in the available SMA literature. This includes uniaxial, multi-axial, proportional, non-proportional, monotonic, cyclic, as well as other complex thermomechanical loading conditions, in conjunction with a wide range of temperature variations. The success of the presented model is mainly attributed to the following two main factors. First, we use multiple inelastic mechanisms to organize the exchange between the energy stored and energy dissipated during the deformation history. Second, we adhere strictly to the well established mathematical and thermodynamical requirements of convexity, associativity, normality, etc. in formulating the evolution equations governing the model behavior, written in terms of the generalized internal stress/strain tensorial variables associated with the individual inelastic mechanisms. This has led to two important advantages: (a) it directly enabled us to obtain the limiting/critical transformation surfaces in the spaces of both stress and strain, as importantly required in capturing SMA behavior; (b) as a byproduct, this also led, naturally, to the exhibition of the apparent deviation from normality, when the transformation strain rate vectors are plotted together with the surfaces in the space of external/global stresses, that has been demonstrated in some recent multi-axial, non-proportional experiments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - PLASTICS
KW  - EVOLUTION equations
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - A. Phase transformation
KW  - A. Thermomechanical processes
KW  - B. Cyclic loading
KW  - B. Elastic–viscoplastic material
KW  - Shape Memory Alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 59926621; Saleeb, A.F. 1; Email Address: saleeb@uakron.edu Padula, S.A. 2 Kumar, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, 244 Caroll St, ASE 214, Akron, OH 44325-3905, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p655; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: PLASTICS; Subject Term: EVOLUTION equations; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Thermomechanical processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Cyclic loading; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Elastic–viscoplastic material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape Memory Alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326121 Unlaminated Plastics Profile Shape Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424610 Plastics Materials and Basic Forms and Shapes Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijplas.2010.08.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tewes, Philipp
AU  - Wygnanski, Israel
AU  - Washburn, Anthony E.
T1  - Feedback-Controlled Forcefully Attached Flow on a Stalled Airfoil.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2011/05//May/Jun2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 940
EP  - 951
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Active maintenance of attached flow at natural poststall conditions requires a small intervention, relative to the one needed to force a separated flow to reattach under the same conditions. Experiments with slot suction applied near the leading edge of a stalled airfoil revealed a hysteresis of lift and drag that depends on the level of suction. This offers an opportunity to keep the flow attached at minimum input levels while guaranteeing that flow separation will not be allowed to occur. A simple approach was adopted that uses a rapidly responding pressure sensor located near the leading edge or in the interior reservoir of the airfoil for feedback control. The proposed controller used a prescribed pressure coefficient to keep the flow attached. Since a dimensionless pressure coefficient is required for this purpose, two similar sensors were installed in the pitot-static tube that monitored the freestream velocity. The impact of the time delay on the stability of the controller was briefly discussed and accounted for. The robustness of the controller was demonstrated under varying freestream velocities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - ELECTRIC controllers
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 63174860; Tewes, Philipp 1 Wygnanski, Israel 1 Washburn, Anthony E. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2011, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p940; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC controllers; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031168
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=63174860&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Schmitt, Carl G.
AU  - Xie, Yu
AU  - Bansemer, Aaron
AU  - Hu, Yong-Xiang
AU  - Zhang, Zhibo
T1  - Improvements in Shortwave Bulk Scattering and Absorption Models for the Remote Sensing of Ice Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1037
EP  - 1056
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This study summarizes recent improvements in the development of bulk scattering/absorption models at solar wavelengths. The approach combines microphysical measurements from various field campaigns with single-scattering properties for nine habits including droxtals, plates, solid/hollow columns, solid/hollow bullet rosettes, and several types of aggregates. Microphysical measurements are incorporated from a number of recent field campaigns in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. A set of 12 815 particle size distributions is used for which Tcld ≤≤ −−40°°C. The ice water content in the microphysical data spans six orders of magnitude. For evaluation, a library of ice-particle single-scattering properties is employed for 101 wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.24 μμm. The library includes the full phase matrix as well as properties for smooth, moderately roughened, and severely roughened particles. Habit mixtures are developed for generalized cirrus, midlatitude cirrus, and deep tropical convection. The single-scattering properties are integrated over particle size and wavelength using an assumed habit mixture to develop bulk scattering and absorption properties. In comparison with global Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data, models built with severely roughened particles compare best for all habit mixtures. The assumption of smooth particles provided the largest departure from CALIOP measurements. The use of roughened rather than smooth particles to infer optical thickness and effective diameter from satellite imagery such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) will result in a decrease in optical thickness and an increase in particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Cloud microphysics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Ice crystals
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 60767421; Baum, Bryan A. 1 Yang, Ping 2 Heymsfield, Andrew J. 3 Schmitt, Carl G. 3 Xie, Yu 2 Bansemer, Aaron 3 Hu, Yong-Xiang 4 Zhang, Zhibo 5; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  2: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research,**** Boulder, Colorado  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p1037; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud microphysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JAMC2608.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rajsfus, David E.
AU  - Alter-Zilberfarb, Sari
AU  - Sharon, Pessia
AU  - Meador, Mary Ann B.
AU  - Frimer, Aryeh A.
T1  - Stereospecific mono- and difluorination of the C7-bridge of norbornenes
JO  - Journal of Fluorine Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Fluorine Chemistry
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 132
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 339
EP  - 347
SN  - 00221139
AB  - Abstract: Fluorinated norbornenes are very desirable monomers in the semiconductor and high-temperature polyimide industries. We describe herein a synthetic strategy for the stereospecific mono- or difluorination of the C7-carbon in norbornene systems beginning with 7-ketonadic anhydride 1. In particular, anti-7-fluoro methyl diester 4 and its 7,7-difluoronadic analog 7 can be prepared from 1 in 3 or 4 steps: saponification, reduction (for 4), esterification, fluorination with DAST. In addition, anti-7-fluoro-syn-7-fluoromethylnadic diester 16 is obtained from epoxide 14, and dimethyl 7,7-difluorobicyclo[2.2.2]oct-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylate (17) from ketone 15. Anchimeric assistance of the norbornene double bond guides the introduction of attacking fluoride anions stereospecifically anti to the olefinic linkage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Fluorine Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STEREOCHEMISTRY
KW  - FLUORINATION
KW  - ESTERIFICATION
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ESTERS
KW  - ALKENES
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
KW  - 7,7-Difluoronadic
KW  - 7-Fluoronadic
KW  - Anchimeric assistance
KW  - Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride
KW  - Stereospecific fluorination
N1  - Accession Number: 60382533; Rajsfus, David E. 1 Alter-Zilberfarb, Sari 1 Sharon, Pessia 1 Meador, Mary Ann B. 2 Frimer, Aryeh A. 1; Email Address: frimea@mail.biu.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Ethel and David Resnick Chair in Active Oxygen Chemistry, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 132 Issue 5, p339; Subject Term: STEREOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: FLUORINATION; Subject Term: ESTERIFICATION; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ESTERS; Subject Term: ALKENES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: 7,7-Difluoronadic; Author-Supplied Keyword: 7-Fluoronadic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anchimeric assistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diethylaminosulfur trifluoride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stereospecific fluorination; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2011.03.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, Eric
AU  - Bilimoria, Karl D.
AU  - Frost, Chad
T1  - Effects of Control Power and Inceptor Sensitivity on Lunar Lander Handling Qualities.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/05//May/Jun2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 454
EP  - 466
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A piloted simulation studied the handling qualities for a precision lunar-landing task from final approach to touchdown. A core model of NASA's Altair Lunar Lander was used to explore the design space around the nominal vehicle configuration; details of the control and propulsion systems not available for that vehicle were derived from Apollo Lunar Module data. The experiment was conducted on a large motion-base simulator. Eleven space shuttle and Apollo pilot astronauts and one test pilot served as evaluation pilots, providing Cooper-Harper ratings, task load index ratings, Bedford workload ratings, and qualitative comments. Following attitude guidance cues, the pilots evaluated control powers ranging from 1.1 to 4.3 deg/s², maximum rate commands from 3 to 20 deg/s (equivalent to a range of inceptor sensitivities), and two magnitudes of disturbance moments arising from propellant slosh. The handling qualities were found to be satisfactory for the highest control powers and low inceptor sensitivities, with reduced sensitivity both improving handling qualities and reducing propellant use for a given control power. Pilots tended to use low attitude rates regardless of the maximum rate available or control power. Propellant slosh degraded handling qualities approximately one Cooper-Harper rating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR landing sites
KW  - LUNAR bases
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 63010369; Mueller, Eric 1; Email Address: Eric.Mueller@nasa.gov Bilimoria, Karl D. 1; Email Address: Karl.Bilimoria@nasa.gov Frost, Chad 1; Email Address: chad.r.frost@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May/Jun2011, Vol. 48 Issue 3, p454; Subject Term: LUNAR landing sites; Subject Term: LUNAR bases; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.49276
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miles, Jeffrey Hilton
T1  - Estimation of signal coherence threshold and concealed spectral lines applied to detection of turbofan engine combustion noise.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 129
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 3068
EP  - 3081
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Combustion noise from turbofan engines has become important, as the noise from sources like the fan and jet are reduced. An aligned and un-aligned coherence technique has been developed to determine a threshold level for the coherence and thereby help to separate the coherent combustion noise source from other noise sources measured with far-field microphones. This method is compared with a statistics based coherence threshold estimation method. In addition, the un-aligned coherence procedure at the same time also reveals periodicities, spectral lines, and undamped sinusoids hidden by broadband turbofan engine noise. In calculating the coherence threshold using a statistical method, one may use either the number of independent records or a larger number corresponding to the number of overlapped records used to create the average. Using data from a turbofan engine and a simulation this paper shows that applying the Fisher z-transform to the un-aligned coherence can aid in making the proper selection of samples and produce a reasonable statistics based coherence threshold. Examples are presented showing that the underlying tonal and coherent broad band structure which is buried under random broadband noise and jet noise can be determined. The method also shows the possible presence of indirect combustion noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COHESION (Linguistics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - NOISE
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 60505660; Miles, Jeffrey Hilton 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 129 Issue 5, p3068; Subject Term: COHESION (Linguistics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.3546097
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dapp, Ulrike
AU  - Anders, Jennifer A. M.
AU  - von Renteln-Kruse, Wolfgang
AU  - Minder, Christoph E.
AU  - Meier-Baumgartner, Hans Peter
AU  - Swift, Cameron G.
AU  - Gillmann, Gerhard
AU  - Egger, Matthias
AU  - Beck, John C.
AU  - Stuck, Andreas E.
T1  - A Randomized Trial of Effects of Health Risk Appraisal Combined With Group Sessions or Home Visits on Preventive Behaviors in Older Adults.
JO  - Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences
JF  - Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 66A
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 591
EP  - 598
SN  - 10795006
AB  - Background. To explore effects of a health risk appraisal for older people (HRA-O) program with reinforcement, we conducted a randomized controlled trial in 21 general practices in Hamburg, Germany. Methods. Overall, 2,580 older patients of 14 general practitioners trained in reinforcing recommendations related to HRA-O-identified risk factors were randomized into intervention (n = 878) and control (n = 1,702) groups. Patients (n = 746) of seven additional matched general practitioners who did not receive this training served as a comparison group. Patients allocated to the intervention group, and their general practitioners, received computer-tailored written recommendations, and patients were offered the choice between interdisciplinary group sessions (geriatrician, physiotherapist, social worker, and nutritionist) and home visits (nurse). Results. Among the intervention group, 580 (66%) persons made use of personal reinforcement (group sessions: 503 [87%], home visits: 77 [13%]). At 1-year follow-up, persons in the intervention group had higher use of preventive services (eg, influenza vaccinations, adjusted odds ratio 1.7; 95% confidence interval 1.4–2.1) and more favorable health behavior (eg, high fruit/fiber intake, odds ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.6–2.6), as compared with controls. Comparisons between intervention and comparison group data revealed similar effects, suggesting that physician training alone had no effect. Subgroup analyses indicated favorable effects for HRA-O with personal reinforcement, but not for HRA-O without reinforcement. Conclusions. HRA-O combined with physician training and personal reinforcement had favorable effects on preventive care use and health behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences & Medical Sciences is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEALTH risk assessment
KW  - MEDICAL screening
KW  - HEALTH status indicators
KW  - OLDER people -- Health
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - Elderly
KW  - Group session
KW  - Health promotion
KW  - Prevention
KW  - Preventive home visits
N1  - Accession Number: 64865903; Dapp, Ulrike 1 Anders, Jennifer A. M. 1 von Renteln-Kruse, Wolfgang 1 Minder, Christoph E. 2 Meier-Baumgartner, Hans Peter 1 Swift, Cameron G. 3 Gillmann, Gerhard 4 Egger, Matthias 5 Beck, John C. 6 Stuck, Andreas E. 7; Affiliation:  1: Albertinen-Haus Geriatrics Center, Scientific Department at the University of Hamburg, Germany  2: Horten Zentrum, University of Zürich, Switzerland  3: Department of Health Care of the Elderly, Kings College London, Clinical Age Research Unit, King’s College Hospital, UK  4: Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Neuchâtel, Switzerland  5: Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland  6: Langley Research Center, Los Angeles, California  7: Division of Geriatrics, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital and University of Bern, Switzerland; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 66A Issue 5, p591; Subject Term: HEALTH risk assessment; Subject Term: MEDICAL screening; Subject Term: HEALTH status indicators; Subject Term: OLDER people -- Health; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elderly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Group session; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health promotion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prevention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preventive home visits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621999 All Other Miscellaneous Ambulatory Health Care Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nielsen, E.J.
AU  - Jones, W.T.
T1  - Integrated Design of an Active Flow Control System Using a Time-Dependent Adjoint Method.
JO  - Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena
JF  - Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 141
EP  - 165
SN  - 09735348
AB  - An exploratory study is performed to investigate the use of a time-dependent discrete adjoint methodology for design optimization of a high-lift wing configuration augmented with an active flow control system. The location and blowing parameters associated with a series of jet actuation orifices are used as design variables. In addition, a geometric parameterization scheme is developed to provide a compact set of design variables describing the wing shape. The scaling of the implementation is studied using several thousand processors and it is found that asynchronous file operations can greatly improve the overall performance of the approach in such massively parallel environments. Three design examples are presented which seek to maximize the mean value of the lift coefficient for the coupled system, and results demonstrate improvements as high as 27% relative to the lift obtained with non-optimized actuation. This lift gain is more than three times the incremental lift provided by the non-optimized actuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mathematical Modelling of Natural Phenomena is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLOW control (Data transmission systems)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - PARAMETERIZATION
KW  - COUPLED mode theory (Wave-motion)
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - adjoint
KW  - design
KW  - flow control
KW  - Navier-Stokes
KW  - unsteady
KW  - unstructured
N1  - Accession Number: 84367793; Nielsen, E.J. 1 Jones, W.T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23693 USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p141; Subject Term: FLOW control (Data transmission systems); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: PARAMETERIZATION; Subject Term: COUPLED mode theory (Wave-motion); Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: adjoint; Author-Supplied Keyword: design; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier-Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: unsteady; Author-Supplied Keyword: unstructured; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/mmnp/20116306
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Cereijo Roibás, Anxo
AU  - McCandless, Jeffrey W.
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - Personal & Ubiquitous Computing
JF  - Personal & Ubiquitous Computing
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 441
EP  - 441
SN  - 16174909
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including the usability guidelines and tools that are essential to human-machine collaborations in space, design of space habitat for extreme conditions, and the new applications of brain-computer interfaces for mental teleoperation of external semi-automatic manipulators among astronauts.
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
N1  - Accession Number: 60874964; Cereijo Roibás, Anxo 1; Email Address: anxo.cereijo@youview.com McCandless, Jeffrey W. 2; Email Address: jeffrey.w.mccandless@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: User Experience, YouView TV Ltd, B6 Ground Floor, Broadcast Centre, Media Village, 201 Wood Lane London W12 7TP UK  2: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-2 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p441; Subject Term: HUMAN-machine systems; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1007/s00779-011-0379-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCandless, Jeffrey
T1  - Introduction.
JO  - Personal & Ubiquitous Computing
JF  - Personal & Ubiquitous Computing
Y1  - 2011/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 444
SN  - 16174909
AB  - The article focuses on the importance of human-computer interaction (HCI) in the success and safety of spaceflight. It states that HCI provides effective interfaces development between computer and operator in resolving spaceflight limitations which include isolation, redundancy, and consumables. It also mentions that the challenge lies in the balance between automation and manual control in spaceflight developments in the U.S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA).
KW  - HUMAN-computer interaction
KW  - SPACE flight -- Safety measures
KW  - REDUNDANCY (Engineering)
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 60874974; McCandless, Jeffrey 1; Email Address: jeffrey.w.mccandless@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p443; Subject Term: HUMAN-computer interaction; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Safety measures; Subject Term: REDUNDANCY (Engineering); Subject Term: HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00779-010-0323-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
AU  - Hunter, Abigail
T1  - Numerical study of the generation of linear energy transfer spectra for space radiation applications
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/05/03/
VL  - 47
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1608
EP  - 1615
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: In analyzing charged particle spectra in space due to galactic cosmic rays (GCR) and solar particle events (SPE), the conversion of particle energy spectra into linear energy transfer (LET) distributions is a convenient guide in assessing biologically significant components of these spectra. The mapping of LET to energy is triple valued and can be defined only on open energy subintervals where the derivative of LET with respect to energy is not zero. Presented here is a well-defined numerical procedure which allows for the generation of LET spectra on the open energy subintervals where, in spite of their singular nature, the spectra are integrable. The efficiency of the numerical procedures is demonstrated by providing examples of computed differential and integral LET spectra and their equilibrium components for historically large SPEs and 1977 solar minimum GCR environments. Due to the biological significance of tissue, all simulations are done with tissue as the target material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LINEAR energy transfer
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - SOLAR energetic particles
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - GCR
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - ISS
KW  - Linear Energy Transfer
KW  - SPE
N1  - Accession Number: 59643108; Badavi, Francis F. 1; Email Address: francis.f.badavi@nasa.gov Wilson, John W. 2; Email Address: jwilson61@cox.net Hunter, Abigail 3; Email Address: hunter1@purdue.edu; Affiliation:  1: Christopher Newport University, Physics, OSP, 1University Place, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center(DRA), MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Purdue University, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 47 Issue 9, p1608; Subject Term: LINEAR energy transfer; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: SOLAR energetic particles; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear Energy Transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: SPE; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.12.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Y.-J.
AU  - Nuevo, M.
AU  - Chu, C.-C.
AU  - Fan, Y.-G.
AU  - Yih, T.-S.
AU  - Ip, W.-H.
AU  - Fung, H.-S.
AU  - Wu, C.-Y.R.
T1  - Photo-desorbed species produced by the UV/EUV irradiation of an H2O:CO2:NH3 ice mixture
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/05/03/
VL  - 47
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1633
EP  - 1644
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: An H2O:CO2:NH3 =1:1:1 ice mixture, used as a model mixture for cometary and interstellar ices, was irradiated with ultraviolet (UV)/extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photons in the broad 4–20eV (62–310nm) energy range at 16K. The desorbed species were detected in situ by mass spectrometry during photo-irradiation, and a quartz microbalance was used as a substrate to measure the mass of material remaining on the surface. The total mass desorption for this H2O:CO2:NH3 =1:1:1 ice mixture at 16K was measured to be 1.8×10−18 μgphoton−1, which is comparable to the 1.5×10−18 μgphoton−1 measured for pure H2O ice irradiated under the same conditions. The main desorbed species produced during the photolysis of the ices were H2, , OH•, CO, and O2, along with the starting components H2O, NH3, and CO2. We also tentatively assigned minor mass peaks to larger species such as OCN•/OCN−, HNCO, CH4, H2CO, CH3OH, and HCOOH. This result supports the scenario in which complex organic molecules can be formed in cometary and/or astrophysical ices and desorbed to the gas phase, and helps to better understand the photochemical processes occurring at the surface of Solar System icy bodies such as comets, as well as in cold astrophysical environments such as star-forming regions and protostars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MIXTURES
KW  - COMETS
KW  - DESORPTION (Chemistry)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - ICE
KW  - WATER
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - Comets
KW  - Ices
KW  - ISM
KW  - Photo-desorption
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 59643093; Chen, Y.-J. 1 Nuevo, M. 1,2; Email Address: michel.nuevo-1@nasa.gov Chu, C.-C. 1 Fan, Y.-G. 1 Yih, T.-S. 1 Ip, W.-H. 3 Fung, H.-S. 4 Wu, C.-Y.R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32054, Taiwan  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32049, Taiwan  4: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101 Hsin-Ann Rd., Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan  5: Space Science Center and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1341, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 47 Issue 9, p1633; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: DESORPTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photo-desorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2010.12.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santos-Pérez, Javier
AU  - Crespo-Hernández, Carlos E.
AU  - Reichardt, Christian
AU  - Cabrera, Carlos R.
AU  - Feliciano-Ramos, Ileana
AU  - Arroyo-Ramírez, Lisandra
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
T1  - Synthesis, Optical Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Isomeric Tetraphenylbenzodifurans Containing Electron Acceptor Groups.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2011/05/05/
VL  - 115
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 4157
EP  - 4168
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Isomeric tetraphenylbenzodifuran systems, benzoin [ 1,2-b:5,4]difuran and benzo[l,2-b:4,5]difuran, containing electron acceptor groups (CF3, CN, and NO2) have been synthesized and studied. Their electronic absorption, fluorescence, two-photon absorption cross sections, and electrochemical properties were investigated. The absorption and emission maxima are red-shifted for the linear-conjugated systems in comparison with the corresponding isomer. Dual fluorescence was observed and the existence of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer state was confirmed by low-temperature emission experiments. Wide HOMO- LUMO energy gaps were obtained ranging from 2.53 to 3.28 eV. HOMO levels were found in the energy range of -6.03 to -6.63 eV while LUMO are within -2.55 to -3.52 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FURANS
KW  - ELECTROPHILES
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - ENERGY gaps (Physics)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - BENZOIN
N1  - Accession Number: 66827698; Santos-Pérez, Javier 1; Email Address: javier-santos-1@nasa.gov Crespo-Hernández, Carlos E. 2 Reichardt, Christian 2 Cabrera, Carlos R. 3 Feliciano-Ramos, Ileana 3 Arroyo-Ramírez, Lisandra 3 Meador, Michael A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Polymeric Materials Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States  2: Center for Chemical Dynamics, Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States  3: Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931, United States; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 115 Issue 17, p4157; Subject Term: FURANS; Subject Term: ELECTROPHILES; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ENERGY gaps (Physics); Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: BENZOIN; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/jp111174p
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sulbaek Andersen, Mads P.
AU  - Axson, Jessica L.
AU  - H. Michelsen, Rebecca R.
AU  - Nielsen, Ole John
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
T1  - Solubility of Acetic Acid and Trifluoroacetic Acid in Low-Temperature (207-245 K) Sulfuric Acid Solutions: Implications for the Upper Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2011/05/05/
VL  - 115
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 4388
EP  - 4396
SN  - 10895639
AB  - The solubility of gas-phase acetic acid (CH3COOH, HAc) and trifluoroacetic acid (CH3COOH, TFA) in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions was measured in a Knudsen cell reactor over ranges of temperature (207-245 K) and acid composition (40-75 wt %, H2SO4). For both HAc and TFA, the effective Henry's law coefficient, H*, is inversely dependent on temperature. Measured values of H* for TFA range from 1.7 x 103 M atm–1 in75.0wt% H2SO4 at 242.5K to 3.6 x 108 M atm–1 in 40.7 wt % H2SO4 at 207.8 K. Measured values of H* for HAc range from 12 x 10s M atm~ ' in 57.8 wt % H2SO4 at 245.0 K. to 3.8 x 108  M atm–1 in 74.4 wt % H2SO4 at 219.6 K. The solubility of HAc increases with increasing H2SO4 concentration and is higher in strong sulfuric acid than in water. In contrast, the solubility of TFA decreases with increasing sulfuric acid concentration. The equilibrium concentration of HAc in UT/LS aerosol particles is estimated from our measurements and is found to be up to several orders of magnitude higher than those determined for common alcohols and small carbonyl compounds. On the basis of our measured solubility, we determine that HAc in the upper troposphere undergoes aerosol partitioning, though the role of H2SO4 aerosol particles as a sink for HAc in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere will only be discernible under high atmospheric sulfate perturbations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACETIC acid
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - SULFURIC acid
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
N1  - Accession Number: 66916799; Sulbaek Andersen, Mads P. 1,2; Email Address: mads@sulbaek.dk Axson, Jessica L. H. Michelsen, Rebecca R. 3 Nielsen, Ole John 1 Iraci, Laura T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  2: Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 9403S, United States  3: Department of Chemistry, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia 23005-5505, United States; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 115 Issue 17, p4388; Subject Term: ACETIC acid; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: SULFURIC acid; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/jp200118g
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobrick, Ryan L.
AU  - Klaus, David M.
AU  - Street Jr., Kenneth W.
T1  - Validation of proposed metrics for two-body abrasion scratch test analysis standards
JO  - Wear
JF  - Wear
Y1  - 2011/05/05/
VL  - 270
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 815
EP  - 822
SN  - 00431648
AB  - Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate a set of standardized metrics proposed for characterizing a surface that has been scratched from a two-body abrasion test. This is achieved by defining a new abrasion region termed ‘Zone of Interaction’ (ZOI). The ZOI describes the full surface profile of all peaks and valleys, rather than just measuring a scratch width as currently defined by the ASTM G 171 Standard. The ZOI has been found to be at least twice the size of a standard width measurement, in some cases considerably greater, indicating that at least half of the disturbed surface area would be neglected without this insight. The ZOI is used to calculate a more robust data set of volume measurements that can be used to computationally reconstruct a resultant profile for detailed analysis. Documenting additional changes to various surface roughness parameters also allows key material attributes of importance to ultimate design applications to be quantified, such as depth of penetration and final abraded surface roughness. Data are presented to show that different combinations of scratch tips and abraded materials can actually yield the same scratch width, but result in different volume displacement or removal measurements; therefore, the ZOI method offers a more robust assessment than the current ASTM analysis method. Furthermore, by investigating the use of custom scratch tips for our specific needs, the usefulness of having an abrasion metric that can measure the displaced volume in this standardized manner, and not just by scratch width alone, is reinforced. This benefit is made apparent when a tip creates an intricate contour having multiple peaks and valleys within a single scratch. This work lays the foundation for updating scratch measurement standards to improve modeling and characterization of three-body abrasion test results. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Wear is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TWO-body problem (Physics)
KW  - ABRASION resistance
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Profilometry
KW  - Scratch testing
KW  - Surface analysis
KW  - Surface topography
KW  - Two-body abrasion
N1  - Accession Number: 60157872; Kobrick, Ryan L. 1; Email Address: Kobrick@Colorado.edu Klaus, David M. 1; Email Address: Klaus@Colorado.edu Street Jr., Kenneth W. 2; Email Address: Kenneth.W.Street@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado at Boulder, 429 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 270 Issue 11/12, p815; Subject Term: TWO-body problem (Physics); Subject Term: ABRASION resistance; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: FRICTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Profilometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scratch testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-body abrasion; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wear.2011.02.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60157872&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin-Woo Han
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Copper oxide transistor on copper wire for e-textile.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2011/05/09/
VL  - 98
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 192102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A Cu2O-based field effect transistor was fabricated on Cu wire. Thermal oxidation of Cu forms Cu-Cu2O core-shell structure, where the metal-semiconductor Schottky junction was used as a gate barrier with Pt Ohmic contacts for source and drain. The device was coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to protect from contamination and demonstrated as a humidity sensor. The cylindrical structure of the Cu wire and the transistor function enable embedding of simple circuits into textile which can potentially offer smart textile for wearable computing, environmental sensing, and monitoring of human vital signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COPPER oxide
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - EXCITON theory
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - TEXTILES
N1  - Accession Number: 60594525; Jin-Woo Han 1; Email Address: jin-woo.han@nasa.gov Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/9/2011, Vol. 98 Issue 19, p192102; Subject Term: COPPER oxide; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: EXCITON theory; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: TEXTILES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424310 Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414130 Piece goods, notions and other dry goods merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3589374
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fisher, Travis C.
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
AU  - Yamaleev, Nail K.
AU  - Frankel, Steven H.
T1  - Boundary closures for fourth-order energy stable weighted essentially non-oscillatory finite-difference schemes
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2011/05/10/
VL  - 230
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3727
EP  - 3752
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: A general strategy was presented in 2009 by Yamaleev and Carpenter for constructing energy stable weighted essentially non-oscillatory (ESWENO) finite-difference schemes on periodic domains. ESWENO schemes up to eighth order were developed that are stable in the energy norm for systems of linear hyperbolic equations. Herein, boundary closures are developed for the fourth-order ESWENO scheme that maintain, wherever possible, the WENO stencil biasing properties and satisfy the summation-by-parts (SBP) operator convention, thereby ensuring stability in an L 2 norm. Second-order and third-order boundary closures are developed that are stable in diagonal and block norms, respectively, and achieve third- and fourth-order global accuracy for hyperbolic systems. A novel set of nonuniform flux interpolation points is necessary near the boundaries to simultaneously achieve (1) accuracy, (2) the SBP convention, and (3) WENO stencil biasing mechanics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - INTERPOLATION
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - Artificial dissipation
KW  - Energy estimate
KW  - High-order finite-difference methods
KW  - Numerical stability
KW  - Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes
N1  - Accession Number: 59635958; Fisher, Travis C. 1; Email Address: tcfisher@purdue.edu Carpenter, Mark H. 2; Email Address: mark.h.carpenter@nasa.gov Yamaleev, Nail K. 3; Email Address: nkyamale@ncat.edu Frankel, Steven H. 1; Email Address: frankel@purdue.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Mathematics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 230 Issue 10, p3727; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy estimate; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order finite-difference methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2011.01.043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bandyopadhyay, Ananyo
AU  - Valavala, Pavan K.
AU  - Clancy, Thomas C.
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
AU  - Odegard, Gregory M.
T1  - Molecular modeling of crosslinked epoxy polymers: The effect of crosslink density on thermomechanical properties
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2011/05/13/
VL  - 52
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2445
EP  - 2452
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Molecular dynamics and molecular mechanics simulations are used to establish well-equilibrated, validated molecular models of the EPON 862-DETDA epoxy system with a range of crosslink densities using a united atom force field. Molecular dynamics simulations are subsequently used to predict the glass transition temperature, thermal expansion coefficients, and elastic properties of each of the crosslinked systems. The results indicate that glass transition temperature and elastic properties increase with increasing levels of crosslink density and the thermal expansion coefficient decreases with crosslink density, both above and below the glass transition temperature. The results demonstrate reasonable agreement with thermomechanical properties in the literature. The results also indicate that there may be a range of crosslink densities in epoxy systems beyond which there are limited changes in thermomechanical properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR models
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - CROSSLINKING (Polymerization)
KW  - CROSSLINKED polymers
KW  - POLYMERS -- Thermal properties
KW  - POLYMERS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Crosslinking
KW  - Glass transition
KW  - Molecular dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 60521306; Bandyopadhyay, Ananyo 1 Valavala, Pavan K. 2 Clancy, Thomas C. 3 Wise, Kristopher E. 4 Odegard, Gregory M. 1; Email Address: gmodegar@mtu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931-1295, USA  2: Northwestern University, 633 Clark Street Evanston, IL 60208, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 52 Issue 11, p2445; Subject Term: MOLECULAR models; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: CROSSLINKING (Polymerization); Subject Term: CROSSLINKED polymers; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Thermal properties; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crosslinking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass transition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.03.052
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phillips, Roger J.
AU  - Davis, Brian J.
AU  - Tanaka, Kenneth L.
AU  - Byrne, Shane
AU  - Mellon, Michael T.
AU  - Putzig, Nathaniel E.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Kahre, Melinda A.
AU  - Campbell, Bruce A.
AU  - Carter, Lynn M.
AU  - Smith, Isaac B.
AU  - Holt, John W.
AU  - Smrekar, Suzanne E.
AU  - Nunes, Daniel C.
AU  - Plaut, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Egan, Anthony F.
AU  - Titus, Timothy N.
AU  - Seu, Roberto
T1  - Massive CO2  Ice Deposits Sequestered in the South Polar Layered Deposits of Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/05/13/
VL  - 332
IS  - 6031
M3  - Article
SP  - 838
EP  - 841
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Shallow Radar soundings from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal a buried deposit of carbon dioxide (CO2) ice within the south polar layered deposits of Mars with a volume of 9500 to 12,500 cubic kilometers, about 30 times that previously estimated for the south pole residual cap. The deposit occurs within a stratigraphic unit that is uniquely marked by collapse features and other evidence of interior CO2 volatile release. If released into the atmosphere at times of high obliquity, the CO2 reservoir would increase the atmospheric mass by up to 80%, leading to more frequent and intense dust storms and to more regions where liquid water could persist without boiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - GEOLOGICAL carbon sequestration
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - RADAR in astronomy
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - POLAR regions
N1  - Accession Number: 60877750; Phillips, Roger J. 1,2; Email Address: roger@boulder.swri.edu Davis, Brian J. 3,4 Tanaka, Kenneth L. 5 Byrne, Shane 6 Mellon, Michael T. 7 Putzig, Nathaniel E. 3 Haberle, Robert M. 8 Kahre, Melinda A. 9 Campbell, Bruce A. 10 Carter, Lynn M. 11 Smith, Isaac B. 12 Holt, John W. 12 Smrekar, Suzanne E. 13 Nunes, Daniel C. 13 Plaut, Jeffrey J. 13 Egan, Anthony F. 14 Titus, Timothy N. 5 Seu, Roberto 15; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Directorate, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  3: Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  4: Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA  5: Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  7: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  8: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA  11: Science and Exploration Directorate, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  12: Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78758, USA  13: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  14: Department of Space Operations, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  15: Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, 18-00184 Rome, Italy; Source Info: 5/13/2011, Vol. 332 Issue 6031, p838; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL carbon sequestration; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: RADAR in astronomy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: POLAR regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1203091
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thakre, Piyush R.
AU  - Lagoudas, Dimitris C.
AU  - Riddick, Jaret C.
AU  - Gates, Thomas S.
AU  - Frankland, Sarah-Jane V.
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
AU  - Jiang Zhu
AU  - Barrera, Enrique V.
T1  - Investigation of the effect of single wall carbon nanotubes on interlaminar fracture toughness of woven carbon fiber—epoxy composites.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2011/05/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1091
EP  - 1107
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were introduced in the interlaminar region of woven carbon fiber—epoxy composites and the mode-I delamination behavior was investigated. Pristine (P-SWCNT) and functionalized (F-SWCNT) nanotubes were sprayed in the mid-plane of these laminates and delamination was initiated using a teflon pre-crack insert. The composite laminates were produced using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding process. The interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) represented by mode-I critical strain energy release rate (GIc) for the initiation of delamination was measured using double cantilever beam tests. The specimens with pristine nanotubes and functionalized nanotubes showed a small effect on the ILFT. The specimens with P-SWCNTs showed stable crack growth and the potential for enhanced crack bridging along with slightly higher GIc than F-SWCNT specimens. Scanning electron microscopy images showed enhanced fiber—matrix interfacial bonding in the specimens with F-SWCNTs. However, large unstable crack propagation was observed in these F-SWCNT specimens from load—displacement curves and crack propagation videos. This research helps in understanding the differences in mechanisms by addition of functionalized and unfunctionalized (pristine) nanotubes to the woven carbon fiber—epoxy matrix composite laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites -- Fracture
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - TEXTURED woven textiles
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - MOLDING (Chemical technology)
KW  - carbon fiber composites
KW  - carbon nanotubes
KW  - DCB
KW  - delamination
KW  - interlaminar fracture
KW  - VARTM
KW  - woven fabric composites
N1  - Accession Number: 60405853; Thakre, Piyush R. 1 Lagoudas, Dimitris C. 2 Riddick, Jaret C. 3 Gates, Thomas S. 4 Frankland, Sarah-Jane V. 5 Ratcliffe, James G. 5 Jiang Zhu 6 Barrera, Enrique V. 7; Affiliation:  1: Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas 77840, USA, lagoudas@tamu.edu  3: Army Research Lab, Aberdeen, Maryland 21005, USA  4: Durability, Damage Tolerance and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  5: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA  6: NanoRidge Materials Inc., Houston, Texas 77023, USA  7: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA; Source Info: 05/15/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 10, p1091; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites -- Fracture; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: TEXTURED woven textiles; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: MOLDING (Chemical technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon fiber composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: DCB; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: interlaminar fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: VARTM; Author-Supplied Keyword: woven fabric composites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 9022
L3  - 10.1177/0021998310389088
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Taylor, Peter R.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Highly Accurate Quartic Force Fields, Vibrational Frequencies, and Spectroscopic Constants for Cyclic and Linear C3H3+.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2011/05/19/
VL  - 115
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 5005
EP  - 5016
SN  - 10895639
AB  - High levels of theory have been used to compute quartic force fields (QFFs) for the cyclic and linear forms of the C3H3+ molecular cation, referred to as c-C3H3+ and 1-C3H3+. Specifically, the singles and doubles coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbation a! estimate of connected triple excitations, CCSD(T), has been used in conjunction with extrapolation to the one-particle basis set limit, and corrections for scalar relativity and core correlation have been included. The QFFs have been used to compute highly accurate fundamental vibrational frequencies and other spectroscopic constants by use of both vibrational second-order perturbation theory and variational methods to solve the nuclear Schrödinger equation. Agreement between our best computed fundamental vibrational frequencies and recent infrared photodissociation experiments is reasonable for most bands, but there are a few exceptions. Possible sources for the discrepancies are discussed. We determine the energy difference between the cyclic and linear forms of C3H3+, obtaining 27.9 kcal/mol at 0 K, which should be the most reliable available. It is expected that the fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants presented here for c-C3H3+ and 1-C3H3+ are the most reliable available for the free gas-phase species, and it is hoped that these will be useful in the assignment of future high- resolution laboratory experiments or astronomical observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
N1  - Accession Number: 67087151; Huang, Xinchuan 1 Taylor, Peter R. 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043, United States  2: Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative and Department of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94O3S-1000, United States; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 115 Issue 19, p5005; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/jp2019704
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Navier-Stokes dynamics by a discrete Boltzmann model.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/05/20/
VL  - 1333
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 127
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This work investigates the possibility of particle-based algorithms for the Navier-Stokes equations and higher order continuum approximations of the Boltzmann equation; such algorithms would generalize the well-known Pullin scheme for the Euler equations. One such method is proposed in the context of a discrete velocity model of the Boltzmann equation. Preliminary results on shock structure are consistent with the expectation that the shock should be much broader than the near discontinuity predicted by the Pullin scheme, yet narrower than the prediction of the Boltzmann equation. We discuss the extension of this essentially deterministic method to a stochastic particle method that, like DSMC, samples the distribution function rather than resolving it completely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 60770482; Rubinstein, Robert 1; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2011, Vol. 1333 Issue 1, p123; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3562636
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valentini, Paolo
AU  - Schwartzentruber, Thomas E.
AU  - Cozmuta, Ioana
T1  - Molecular Dynamics modeling of O2/Pt(111) gas-surface interaction using the ReaxFF potential.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/05/20/
VL  - 1333
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 510
EP  - 515
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We studied adsorption dynamics of O2 on Pt(111) using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with the ab initio based reactive force field ReaxFF. We found good quantitative agreement with the experimental data at low incident energies. Specifically, our simulations reproduce the characteristic minimum of the trapping probability at kinetic incident energies around 0.1 eV. This feature is determined by the presence of a physisorption well in the ReaxFF Potential Energy Surface (PES) and the progressive suppression of a steering mechanism as the translational kinetic energy (or the molecule's rotational energy) is increased. In the energy range between 0.1 eV and 0.4 eV, the sticking probability increases, similarly to molecular beam sticking data. For very energetic impacts (above 0.4 eV), ReaxFF predicts sticking probabilities lower than experimental sticking data by almost a factor of 3, due to an overall less attractive ReaxFF PES compared to experiments and DFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - GASES -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - PLATINUM
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
N1  - Accession Number: 60770391; Valentini, Paolo 1 Schwartzentruber, Thomas E. 1 Cozmuta, Ioana 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455  2: Eloret Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: 5/20/2011, Vol. 1333 Issue 1, p510; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: GASES -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: PLATINUM; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3562699
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
T1  - Absolute Radiation Measurement During Planetary Entry in the NASA Ames Electric Arc Shock Tube Facility.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/05/20/
VL  - 1333
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1106
EP  - 1111
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - During planetary entry, a shock-heated plasma that imparts significant heating to the structure is formed in front of the space vehicle. At high velocities, a significant portion of that energy transfer originates from radiation from the shock-heated plasma. Shock tubes are capable of simulating the high velocity and low density conditions typical of planetary entry and thus are able to recreate the radiative environment encountered by spacecraft. The Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST) at NASA Ames Research Center is one of the few shock tubes in the world that is capable of reaching the high velocities that are necessary to study more extreme entry conditions. The EAST is presently being utilized to simulate radiation in a variety of planetary atmospheres. It is presently the only facility in which radiation originating in the vacuum ultraviolet is being quantified. This paper briefly describes recent tests in the EAST facility relevant to Earth, Mars, and Venus entry conditions, and outlines the issues in relating ground test data to flight relevant condition via predictive radiation simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - SHOCK tubes
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 60770506; Cruden, Brett A. 1; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 230-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 5/20/2011, Vol. 1333 Issue 1, p1106; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: SHOCK tubes; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3562792
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60770506&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liechty, Derek S.
AU  - Lewis, Mark J.
T1  - Extension of a Kinetic-Theory Approach for Computing Chemical-Reaction Rates to Reactions with Charged Particles.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/05/20/
VL  - 1333
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1239
EP  - 1244
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Recently introduced molecular-level chemistry models that predict equilibrium and nonequilibrium reaction rates using only kinetic theory and fundamental molecular properties (i.e., no macroscopic reaction rate information) are extended to include reactions involving charged particles and electronic energy levels. The proposed extensions include ionization reactions, exothermic associative ionization reactions, endothermic and exothermic charge exchange reactions, and other exchange reactions involving ionized species. The extensions are shown to agree favorably with the measured Arrhenius rates for near-equilibrium conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - MOLECULAR models
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - EXCHANGE reactions
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 60770483; Liechty, Derek S. 1 Lewis, Mark J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Aerothermodynamics Branch, Mail Stop 408A, Hampton, VA 23681  2: University of Maryland, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Room 3179 Martin Hall, College Park, MD 20742; Source Info: 5/20/2011, Vol. 1333 Issue 1, p1239; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: MOLECULAR models; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: EXCHANGE reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3562813
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panesi, Marco
AU  - Magin, Thierry
AU  - Huo, Winifred
T1  - Nonequilibrium ionization phenomena behind shock waves.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/05/20/
VL  - 1333
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1251
EP  - 1256
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - An accurate investigation of the behavior of electronically excited states of atoms and molecules in the post shock relaxation zone of a trajectory point of the FIRE II flight experiment is carried out by means of a one-dimensional flow solver coupled to a collisional-radiative model. In the rapidly ionizing regime behind a strong shock wave, the high lying bound electronic states of atoms are depleted. This leads the electronic energy level populations of atoms to depart from Boltzmann distributions which strongly affects the non-equilibrium ionization process as well as the radiative signature. The importance of correct modeling of the interaction of radiation and matter is discussed showing a strong influence on the physico-chemical properties of the gas. The paper clearly puts forward the shortcomings of the simplified approach often used in literature which strongly relies on the escape factors to characterize the optical thickness of the gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - MOLECULAR relaxation
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 60770480; Panesi, Marco 1 Magin, Thierry 2 Huo, Winifred 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas  2: Aeronautics and Aerospace Department, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Belgium  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: 5/20/2011, Vol. 1333 Issue 1, p1251; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR relaxation; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Physics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3562815
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Wei
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Sjögreen, Björn
AU  - Magin, Thierry
AU  - Shu, Chi-Wang
T1  - Construction of low dissipative high-order well-balanced filter schemes for non-equilibrium flows
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2011/05/20/
VL  - 230
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4316
EP  - 4335
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The goal of this paper is to generalize the well-balanced approach for non-equilibrium flow studied by Wang et al. (2009) to a class of low dissipative high-order shock-capturing filter schemes and to explore more advantages of well-balanced schemes in reacting flows. More general 1D and 2D reacting flow models and new examples of shock turbulence interactions are provided to demonstrate the advantage of well-balanced schemes. The class of filter schemes developed by Yee et al. (1999) , Sjögreen and Yee (2004) and Yee and Sjögreen (2007) consist of two steps, a full time step of spatially high-order non-dissipative base scheme and an adaptive non-linear filter containing shock-capturing dissipation. A good property of the filter scheme is that the base scheme and the filter are stand-alone modules in designing. Therefore, the idea of designing a well-balanced filter scheme is straightforward, i.e. choosing a well-balanced base scheme with a well-balanced filter (both with high-order accuracy). A typical class of these schemes shown in this paper is the high-order central difference schemes/predictor–corrector (PC) schemes with a high-order well-balanced WENO filter. The new filter scheme with the well-balanced property will gather the features of both filter methods and well-balanced properties: it can preserve certain steady-state solutions exactly; it is able to capture small perturbations, e.g. turbulence fluctuations; and it adaptively controls numerical dissipation. Thus it shows high accuracy, efficiency and stability in shock/turbulence interactions. Numerical examples containing 1D and 2D smooth problems, 1D stationary contact discontinuity problem and 1D turbulence/shock interactions are included to verify the improved accuracy, in addition to the well-balanced behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - FILTERS & filtration
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - 1D turbulence/shock interactions
KW  - Chemical reactions
KW  - High-order filter methods
KW  - Non-equilibrium flow
KW  - Well-balanced schemes
KW  - WENO schemes
KW  - WO schemes
N1  - Accession Number: 59915595; Wang, Wei 1 Yee, H.C. 2 Sjögreen, Björn 3 Magin, Thierry 1 Shu, Chi-Wang 4; Email Address: shu@dam.brown.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, United States  4: Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 230 Issue 11, p4316; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: FILTERS & filtration; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: 1D turbulence/shock interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order filter methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-equilibrium flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Well-balanced schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: WO schemes; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2010.04.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
T1  - Seeking out Earth's warning signals.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/05/26/
VL  - 473
IS  - 7348
M3  - Letter
SP  - 452
EP  - 452
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article regarding the hard-line stance against earthquake prediction by Robert Geller in the 2011 issue.
KW  - LETTERS to the editor
KW  - EARTHQUAKE prediction
N1  - Accession Number: 60832384; Freund, Friedemann 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, SETI Institute and San Jose State University, California, USA; Source Info: 5/26/2011, Vol. 473 Issue 7348, p452; Subject Term: LETTERS to the editor; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKE prediction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Letter
L3  - 10.1038/473452d
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strus, Mark C.
AU  - Cano, Camilo I.
AU  - Byron Pipes, R.
AU  - Nguyen, Cattien V.
AU  - Raman, Arvind
T1  - Corrigendum to “Interfacial energy between carbon nanotubes and polymers measured from nanoscale peel tests in the atomic force microscope” [Compos Sci Technol 69 (10) (2009) 1580–1586]
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/05/31/
VL  - 71
IS  - 8
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 1180
EP  - 1180
SN  - 02663538
N1  - Accession Number: 60789904; Strus, Mark C. 1 Cano, Camilo I. 2 Byron Pipes, R. 2,3,4 Nguyen, Cattien V. 5 Raman, Arvind 1; Email Address: raman@purdue.edu; Affiliation:  1: Birck Nanotechnology Center and School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA  2: School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA  3: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA  4: School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA  5: ELORET Corp, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: May2011, Vol. 71 Issue 8, p1180; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2009.02.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ansdell, M.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
AU  - McKay, C.
T1  - Stepping stones toward global space exploration
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 68
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2098
EP  - 2113
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Several nations are currently engaging in or planning for robotic and human space exploration programs that target the Moon, Mars and near-Earth asteroids. These ambitious plans to build new space infrastructures, transport systems and space probes will require international cooperation if they are to be sustainable and affordable. Partnerships must involve not only established space powers, but also emerging space nations and developing countries; the participation of these new space actors will provide a bottom-up support structure that will aid program continuity, generate more active members in the space community, and increase public awareness of space activities in both developed and developing countries. The integration of many stakeholders into a global space exploration program represents a crucial element securing political and programmatic stability. How can the evolving space community learn to cooperate on a truly international level while engaging emerging space nations and developing countries in a meaningful way? We propose a stepping stone approach toward a global space exploration program, featuring three major elements: (1) an international Earth-based field research program preparing for planetary exploration, (2) enhanced exploitation of the International Space Station (ISS) enabling exploration and (3) a worldwide CubeSat program supporting exploration. An international Earth-based field research program can serve as a truly global exploration testbed that allows both established and new space actors to gain valuable experience by working together to prepare for future planetary exploration missions. Securing greater exploitation of the ISS is a logical step during its prolonged lifetime; ISS experiments, partnerships and legal frameworks are valuable foundations for exploration beyond low Earth orbit. Cooperation involving small, low-cost missions could be a major stride toward exciting and meaningful participation from emerging space nations and developing countries. For each of these three proposed stepping stones, recommendations for coordination mechanisms are presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - INTERNATIONAL cooperation
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - CubeSats
KW  - Extreme environments
KW  - International cooperation
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 60157685; Ansdell, M. 1; Email Address: megan.ansdell@gmail.com Ehrenfreund, P. 1 McKay, C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University, 1957 E Street, Suite 403, Washington, DC, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 68 Issue 11/12, p2098; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: EXTREME environments; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: INTERNATIONAL cooperation; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: CubeSats; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extreme environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: International cooperation; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.10.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
T1  - Radiation Effects In Space.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/06//6/1/2011
VL  - 1336
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 654
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Protecting space missions from severe exposures from radiation, in general, and long duration/deep space human missions, in particular, is a critical design driver, and could be a limiting factor. The space radiation environment consists of galactic cosmic rays (GCR), solar particle events (SPE), trapped radiation, and includes ions of all the known elements over a very broad energy range. These ions penetrate spacecraft materials producing nuclear fragments and secondary particles that damage biological tissues and microelectronic devices. One is required to know how every element (and all isotopes of each element) in the periodic table interacts and fragments on every other element in the same table as a function of kinetic energy ranging over many decades. In addition, the accuracy of the input information and database, in general and nuclear data in particular, impacts radiation exposure health assessments and payload penalty. After a brief review of effects of space radiation on materials and electronics, human space missions to Mars is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - SOLAR energetic particles
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - MANNED space flight
KW  - NUCLEAR fragmentation
N1  - Accession Number: 61237794; Tripathi, Ram K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS - 188 E, Hampton VA 23681, United States; Source Info: 6/1/2011, Vol. 1336 Issue 1, p649; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: SOLAR energetic particles; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: MANNED space flight; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fragmentation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3586182
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOUDE, MARTIN
AU  - RAMPRASAD RAO
AU  - VAILLANCOURT, JOHN E.
AU  - HILDEBRAND, ROGER H.
T1  - DISPERSION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS. III.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 733
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We apply our technique on the dispersion of magnetic fields in molecular clouds to high spatial resolution Submillimeter Array polarization data obtained for Orion KL in OMC-1, IRAS 16293, and NGC 1333 IRAS 4A. We show how one can take advantage of such high-resolution data to characterize the magnetized turbulence power spectrum in the inertial and dissipation ranges. For Orion KL we determine that in the inertial range the spectrum can be approximately fitted with a power law k-(29±0.9) and we report a value of 9.9 mpc for ΛAD, the high spatial frequency cutoff presumably due to turbulent ambipolar diffusion. For the same parameters we have ~k-(1 .4±0.4) and a tentative value of AAD ~ 2.2 mpc for NGC 1333 IRAS 4A, and ~k(1.8±0.3) with an upper limit of ΛAD ≲ 1.8 mpc for IRAS 16293. We also discuss the application of the technique to interferometry measurements and the effects of the inherent spatial filtering process on the interpretation of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: magnetic fields
KW  - polarization
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 83577847; HOUDE, MARTIN 1,2 RAMPRASAD RAO 3 VAILLANCOURT, JOHN E. 4 HILDEBRAND, ROGER H. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada  2: Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei, Taiwan  4: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  6: Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 733 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/733/2/109
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, K.
AU  - Kamala, K.
AU  - Rajagopalan, Balaji
AU  - Hoerling, Martin
AU  - Eischeid, Jon
AU  - Patwardhan, S.
AU  - Srinivasan, G.
AU  - Goswami, B.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - The once and future pulse of Indian monsoonal climate.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 36
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2159
EP  - 2170
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - We present a comprehensive assessment of the present and expected future pulse of the Indian monsoon climate based on observational and global climate model projections. The analysis supports the view that seasonal Indian monsoon rains in the latter half of the 21th century may not be materially different in abundance to that experienced today although their intensity and duration of wet and dry spells may change appreciably. Such an assessment comes with considerable uncertainty. With regard to temperature, however, we find that the Indian temperatures during the late 21st Century will very likely exceed the highest values experienced in the 130-year instrumental record of Indian data. This assessment comes with higher confidence than for rainfall because of the large spatial scale driving the thermal response of climate to greenhouse gas forcing. We also find that monsoon climate changes, especially temperature, could heighten human and crop mortality posing a socio-economic threat to the Indian subcontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONSOONS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SOCIOECONOMIC factors
KW  - EFFECT of climate on human beings
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on crops
KW  - INDIA
N1  - Accession Number: 60903528; Kumar, K. 1; Email Address: krishnakumar.kanikicharla@gmail.com Kamala, K. 2 Rajagopalan, Balaji 3 Hoerling, Martin 4 Eischeid, Jon 4 Patwardhan, S. 1 Srinivasan, G. 5 Goswami, B. 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna 6; Affiliation:  1: Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune India  2: LOCEAN-IPSL, Universiti Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris France  3: University of Colorado, Boulder USA  4: NOAA/ESRL/PSD, Boulder USA  5: RIMES, Pathunthani Thailand  6: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 36 Issue 11/12, p2159; Subject Term: MONSOONS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SOCIOECONOMIC factors; Subject Term: EFFECT of climate on human beings; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on crops; Subject Term: INDIA; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-010-0974-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheng, Gary C.
AU  - Venkatachari, Balaji Shankar
AU  - Chang, Chau-Lyan
AU  - Chang, Sin-Chung
T1  - Comparative study of different numerical approaches in space–time CESE framework for high-fidelity flow simulations
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 54
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: With the advancement of computer hardware, the trend of research in computational fluid dynamics is moving towards development of highly accurate, unstructured-mesh compatible, robust and efficient numerical methods for simulating problems involving strong transient effects and relatively complex geometries as well as physics. The space–time conservation element and solution element method is a genuinely multi-dimensional, unstructured-mesh compatible numerical framework, which was built from a consistent and synergetic integration of conservation laws in the space–time domain to avoid the limitations of conventional schemes, such as the use of 1-D flux reconstruction with a Riemann solver. It has been shown that the framework can be used for time-accurate simulations of a variety of problems involving unsteady waves, strong flow discontinuities, and their interactions with remarkable accuracy. However, this method at its current state has encountered the challenge in balancing the robustness and numerical accuracy when highly stretched meshes were used in viscous flow simulation. In this paper, we briefly discuss various numerical approaches developed for this framework thus far as well as their strengths and weaknesses, and conduct a comparative study of their numerical accuracies using some 2-D viscous benchmark test cases. The application of this method in realistic, complex 3-D problems is also included here to demonstrate its computational efficiency in large-scale computing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - COMPUTER input-output equipment
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - SPACE & time
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Aeroacoustics
KW  - CFD
KW  - Hypersonic flows
KW  - Roughness element
KW  - Space–time CESE method
N1  - Accession Number: 60042302; Cheng, Gary C. 1; Email Address: gcheng@uab.edu Venkatachari, Balaji Shankar 1 Chang, Chau-Lyan 2 Chang, Sin-Chung 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-4461, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: COMPUTER input-output equipment; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SPACE & time; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersonic flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Roughness element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space–time CESE method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2011.01.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tan, Hui
AU  - Hennig, Wolfgang
AU  - Warburton, William K.
AU  - Doriese, W. Bertrand
AU  - Kilbourne, Caroline A.
T1  - Development of a Real-Time Pulse Processing Algorithm for TES-Based X-Ray Microcalorimeters.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 21
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 276
EP  - 280
SN  - 10518223
AB  - We report here a real-time pulse processing algorithm for superconducting transition-edge sensor (TES) based x-ray microcalorimeters. TES-based microcalorimeters offer ultra-high energy resolutions, but the small volume of each pixel requires that large arrays of identical microcalorimeter pixels be built to achieve sufficient detection efficiency. That in turn requires as much pulse processing as possible must be performed at the front end of readout electronics to avoid transferring large amounts of data to a host computer for post-processing. Therefore, a real-time pulse processing algorithm that not only can be implemented in the readout electronics but also achieve satisfactory energy resolutions is desired. We have developed an algorithm that can be easily implemented in hardware. We then tested the algorithm offline using several data sets acquired with an 8\times8 Goddard TES x-ray calorimeter array and 2\times16 NIST time-division SQUID multiplexer. We obtained an average energy resolution of close to 3.0 eV at 6 keV for the multiplexed pixels while preserving over 99% of the events in the data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALORIMETERS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MULTIPLEXING (Telecommunication)
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - OPTICAL detectors
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTING magnets
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - Algorithm
KW  - Arrays
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Energy resolution
KW  - microcalorimeters
KW  - Multiplexing
KW  - optimal filter
KW  - Real time systems
KW  - real-time pulse processing
KW  - Shape
KW  - Signal processing algorithms
KW  - transition-edge sensors
N1  - Accession Number: 60967785; Tan, Hui 1 Hennig, Wolfgang 1 Warburton, William K. 1 Doriese, W. Bertrand 2 Kilbourne, Caroline A. 3; Affiliation:  1: XIA LLC, Hayward, CA, USA  2: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration / Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 21 Issue 3, p276; Subject Term: CALORIMETERS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MULTIPLEXING (Telecommunication); Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: OPTICAL detectors; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTING magnets; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy resolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: microcalorimeters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiplexing; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimal filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Real time systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time pulse processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal processing algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: transition-edge sensors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TASC.2010.2082473
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Platt, Robert
AU  - Permenter, Frank
AU  - Pfeiffer, Joseph
T1  - Using Bayesian Filtering to Localize Flexible Materials During Manipulation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 586
EP  - 598
SN  - 15523098
AB  - Localization and manipulation of features such as buttons, snaps, or grommets embedded in fabrics and other flexible materials is a difficult robotics problem. Approaches that rely too much on sensing and localization that occurs before touching the material are likely to fail because the flexible material can move when the robot actually makes contact. This paper experimentally explores the possibility to use proprioceptive and load-based tactile information to localize features embedded in flexible materials during robot manipulation. In our experiments, Robonaut 2, a robot with human-like hands and arms, uses particle filtering to localize features based on proprioceptive and tactile measurements. Our main contribution is to propose a method to interact with flexible materials that reduces the state space of the interaction by forcing the material to comply in repeatable ways. Measurements are matched to a “haptic map,” which is created during a training phase, that describes expected measurements as a low-dimensional function of state. We evaluate localization performance when using proprioceptive information alone and when tactile data are also available. The two types of measurements are shown to contain complementary information. We find that the tactile measurement model is critical to localization performance and propose a series of models that offer increasingly better accuracy. Finally, this paper explores the localization approach in the context of two flexible material insertion tasks that are relevant to manufacturing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - TACTILE sensors
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - INDUSTRIAL applications
KW  - Bayesian methods
KW  - Force and tactile sensing
KW  - Joints
KW  - localization
KW  - manipulation and compliant assembly
KW  - Materials
KW  - Robots
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Thumb
KW  - Training
N1  - Accession Number: 61128322; Platt, Robert 1 Permenter, Frank 2 Pfeiffer, Joseph 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Houston, USA  2: Oceaneering Space Systems, Houston, USA  3: Computer Science Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 27 Issue 3, p586; Subject Term: MATERIALS; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: TACTILE sensors; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Force and tactile sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joints; Author-Supplied Keyword: localization; Author-Supplied Keyword: manipulation and compliant assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robots; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thumb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Training; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TRO.2011.2139150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
T1  - Recent developments in the application of the Generalized Acoustic Analogy to jet noise prediction.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 116
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The Generalized Acoustic Analogy provides a logical framework for the prediction of aerodynamically generated sound. This paper reviews some recent developments in the use of this analogy for the prediction of noise from high speed air jets. Other approaches to jet noise prediction are not discussed. Recent advances in accounting for non-parallel mean flow and temperature effects are described. The results suggest that the former effect is more important than previously believed. They also suggest that previously neglected coupling between momentum flux and enthalpy flux fluctuations can be an important source of noise in high Mach number heated jets. Some recent improvements in acoustic source modeling are also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR jets
KW  - NOISE
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - ACOUSTIC localization
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 59985900; Goldstein, M. E. 1; Email Address: marvin.e.goldstein@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland OH, 44135; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 10 Issue 2/3, p89; Subject Term: AIR jets; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC localization; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farassat, F.
AU  - Myers, M. K.
T1  - Multidimensional generalized functions in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics-Part 1: basic concepts and operations.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 200
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - This paper is the first part of a three part tutorial on multidimensional generalized functions (GFs) and their applications in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics. The subject is fascinating and essential in many areas of science and, in particular, wave propagation problems. In this tutorial, we strive to present rigorously and clearly the basic concepts and the tools that are needed to use GFs in applications effectively and with ease. We give many examples to help the readers in understanding the mathematical ideas presented here. The first part of the tutorial is on the basic concepts of GFs. Here we define GFs, their properties and some common operations on them. We define the important concept of generalized differentiation and then give some interesting elementary and advanced examples on Green's functions and wave propagation problems. Here, the analytic power of GFs in applications is demonstrated with ease and elegance. Part 2 of this tutorial is on the diverse applications of generalized derivatives (GDs). Part 3 is on generalized Fourier transformations and some more advanced topics. One goal of writing this tutorial is to convince readers that, because of their powerful operational properties, GFs are essential and useful in engineering and physics, particularly in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - THEORY of distributions (Functional analysis)
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
KW  - GREEN'S functions
N1  - Accession Number: 59985898; Farassat, F. 1; Email Address: feri.farassat@nasa.gov Myers, M. K. 2; Email Address: mkmyers@gwu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: George Washington University-Washington, D.C.; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 10 Issue 2/3, p161; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: THEORY of distributions (Functional analysis); Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barry, William P.
AU  - Friedman, Louis
AU  - Oberg, James E.
AU  - McCurdy, Howard E.
T1  - Helpful lessons from the space race.
JO  - Issues in Science & Technology
JF  - Issues in Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011///Summer2011
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
M3  - Opinion
SP  - 19
EP  - 22
PB  - University of Texas at Dallas
SN  - 07485492
AB  - In this article the authors comment on John M. Logsdon's article "John F. Kennedy's Space Legacy and Its Lessons for Today" published in the journal's spring 2011 issue. One author opposes the point of Logsdon that the impact of Apollo on the evolution of space program in the U.S. is negative. Another author commends Logsdon's analysis of the decision of former President John F. Kennedy to launch the Apollo program.
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EX-presidents
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - LOGSDON, John M.
KW  - KENNEDY, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963
N1  - Accession Number: 62508396; Barry, William P. 1; Email Address: bill.barry@nasa.gov Friedman, Louis 2; Email Address: Louis.friedman@planetary.org Oberg, James E.; Email Address: jameseoberg@comcast.net McCurdy, Howard E. 3; Email Address: mccurdy@american.edu; Affiliation:  1: Chief Historian, National Aeronautics and Space, Administration, Washington, DC  2: Executive Director Emeritus, The Planetary Society, Pasadena, California  3: American University, Washington, DC; Source Info: Summer2011, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p19; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EX-presidents; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: LOGSDON, John M.; People: KENNEDY, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs; Document Type: Opinion
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cole, Jason
AU  - Barker, Howard W.
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - von Salzen, Knut
T1  - Assessing Simulated Clouds and Radiative Fluxes Using Properties of Clouds Whose Tops are Exposed to Space.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 24
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2715
EP  - 2727
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Coincident top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes and cloud optical properties for portions of clouds whose tops are exposed to space within several pressure ranges are used to evaluate how a GCM realizes its all-sky radiative fluxes and vertical structure. In particular, observations of cloud properties and radiative fluxes from the Clouds and the Earth''s Radiant Energy System (CERES) Science Team are used to assess the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis atmospheric global climate model (CanAM4). Through comparison of CanAM4 with CERES observations it was found that, while the July-mean all-sky TOA shortwave and longwave fluxes simulated by CanAM4 agree well with those observed, this agreement rests on compensating biases in simulated cloud properties and radiative fluxes for low, middle, and high clouds. Namely, low and middle cloud albedos simulated by CanAM4 are larger than those observed by CERES attributable to CanAM4 simulating cloud optical depths via large liquid water paths that are too large but are partly compensated by too small cloud fractions. It was also found that CanAM4 produces 2D histograms of cloud fraction and cloud albedo for low, middle, and high clouds that are significantly different than generated using the CERES observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Photographs from space
KW  - GLOBAL Climate Observing System
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations
KW  - Albedo
KW  - Climate models
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Radiative fluxes
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 61081619; Cole, Jason 1; Email Address: jason.cole@ec.gc.ca Barker, Howard W. 2 Loeb, Norman G. 3 von Salzen, Knut 4; Affiliation:  1: Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St., Toronto ON M3H 5T4, Canada  2: Cloud Physics and Severe Weather Research Section, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Colombia, Canada; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 24 Issue 11, p2715; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Photographs from space; Subject Term: GLOBAL Climate Observing System; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2011JCLI3652.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
AU  - Ellingson, Robert G.
AU  - Ming Cai
T1  - Geographical Distribution of Climate Feedbacks in the NCAR CCSM3.0.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 24
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2737
EP  - 2753
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study performs offline, partial radiative perturbation calculations to determine the geographical distributions of climate feedbacks contributing to the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative energy budget. These radiative perturbations are diagnosed using monthly mean model output from the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3.0) forced with the Special Report Emissions Scenario (SRES) A1B emission scenario. The Monte Carlo Independent Column Approximation (MCICA) technique with a maximum--random overlap rule is used to sample monthly mean cloud frequency profiles to perform the radiative transfer calculations. It is shown that the MCICA technique provides a good estimate of all feedback sensitivity parameters. The radiative perturbation results are used to investigate the spatial variability of model feedbacks showing that the shortwave cloud and lapse rate feedbacks exhibit the most and second most spatial variability, respectively. It has been shown that the model surface temperature response is highly correlated with the change in the TOA net flux, and that the latter is largely determined by the total feedback spatial pattern rather than the external forcing. It is shown by representing the change in the TOA net flux as a linear combination of individual feedback radiative perturbations that the lapse rate explains the most spatial variance of the surface temperature response. Feedback spatial patterns are correlated with the model response and other feedback spatial patterns to investigate these relationships. The results indicate that the model convective response is strongly correlated with cloud and water vapor feedbacks, but the lapse rate feedback geographic distribution is strongly correlated with the climatological distribution of convection. The implication for the water vapor--lapse rate anticorrelation is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - UPPER atmosphere -- Observations
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - GLOBAL Climate Observing System
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations
KW  - Climate
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Radiation budgets
KW  - Radiative fluxes
N1  - Accession Number: 61081620; Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov Ellingson, Robert G. 2 Ming Cai 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Department of Meteorology, The Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 24 Issue 11, p2737; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere -- Observations; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: GLOBAL Climate Observing System; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budgets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative fluxes; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 11 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010JCLI3788.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bi, Lei
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
T1  - Scattering and absorption of light by ice particles: Solution by a new physical-geometric optics hybrid method
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 112
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1492
EP  - 1508
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: A new physical-geometric optics hybrid (PGOH) method is developed to compute the scattering and absorption properties of ice particles. This method is suitable for studying the optical properties of ice particles with arbitrary orientations, complex refractive indices (i.e., particles with significant absorption), and size parameters (proportional to the ratio of particle size to incident wavelength) larger than ∼20, and includes consideration of the edge effects necessary for accurate determination of the extinction and absorption efficiencies. Light beams with polygon-shaped cross sections propagate within a particle and are traced by using a beam-splitting technique. The electric field associated with a beam is calculated using a beam-tracing process in which the amplitude and phase variations over the wavefront of the localized wave associated with the beam are considered analytically. The geometric-optics near field for each ray is obtained, and the single-scattering properties of particles are calculated from electromagnetic integral equations. The present method does not assume additional physical simplifications and approximations, except for geometric optics principles, and may be regarded as a “benchmark” within the framework of the geometric optics approach. The computational time is on the order of seconds for a single-orientation simulation and is essentially independent of the size parameter. The single-scattering properties of oriented hexagonal ice particles (ice plates and hexagons) are presented. The numerical results are compared with those computed from the discrete-dipole-approximation (DDA) method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - CRYSTAL optics
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - LIGHT absorption
KW  - GEOMETRICAL optics
KW  - PHYSICAL optics
KW  - Geometric optics
KW  - Hexagonal ice crystal
KW  - Light scattering
KW  - Physical optics
N1  - Accession Number: 60043135; Bi, Lei 1; Email Address: bilei@tamu.edu Yang, Ping 1,2 Kattawar, George W. 1 Hu, Yongxiang 3 Baum, Bryan A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 112 Issue 9, p1492; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: CRYSTAL optics; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: LIGHT absorption; Subject Term: GEOMETRICAL optics; Subject Term: PHYSICAL optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometric optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hexagonal ice crystal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical optics; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.02.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrievskaya, Elena R.
AU  - Kornienko, Oksana A.
AU  - Sayir, Ali
AU  - Vasylkiv, Oleg O.
AU  - Sakka, Yoshio
T1  - Phase Relation Studies in the ZrO.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 94
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1911
EP  - 1919
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The phase relations in the ZrO2-CeO2-La2O3 ternary system at 15001C were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), petrography, and scanning electron microscopy in the overall concentration range. The samples of different compositions have been prepared from nitrate acid solutions by evaporation, drying, and calcinations at 11001 and 15001C. The solid solutions based on various polymorphous forms of constituent phases and ordered phase of La2Zr2O7 were revealed in the system. No new phases were found. The isothermal section of the phase diagram for the ZrO2-CeO2-La2O3 system has been developed. It was established that in the ternary ZrO2-CeO2-La2O3 system there exist fields of solid solutions based on hexagonal (A) modification of La2O3, monoclinic (M), and tetragonal (T) crystal modifications of ZrO2, cubic modification of CeO2 with fluorite-type structure (F), as well as pyrochlore type ordered phase of cubic symmetry La2Zr2O7 (Py). The refined lattice parameters of the unit cells for solid solutions and microstructures of the definite field of compositions for the systems were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM compounds
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 61058134; Andrievskaya, Elena R. 1,2; Email Address: era@ipms.kiev.ua Kornienko, Oksana A. 1 Sayir, Ali 3 Vasylkiv, Oleg O. 4 Sakka, Yoshio 4; Affiliation:  1: Frantsevich Institute for Materials Science Problems, NAS of Ukraine, 03142 Kiev, Ukraine  2: Kiev Polytechnic Institute, National Technical University, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: National Institute of Materials Science, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 94 Issue 6, p1911; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM compounds; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04316.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Sivakumar
AU  - Tewari, Surendra N.
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
AU  - Fox, Dennis S.
T1  - Environmental durability of slurry based mullite–gadolinium silicate EBCs on silicon carbide
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 31
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1123
EP  - 1130
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Water vapor oxidation and salt corrosion resistances of mullite–gadolinium silicate (Gd2SiO5) environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) dip coated on α-SiC substrates and sintered to 1430°C/3h in air were investigated. The EBC exhibited excellent adherence to the substrate during thermal cycling between 1350°C and room temperature (RT) for 100h in a simulated lean combustion environment (90% H2O–balance O2), forming ∼10μm porous silica layer at coating-substrate interface, compared to ∼17μm for uncoated α-SiC exposed under same conditions. The EBC did not spall after a 24h 1200°C exposure in Na2SO4 corrosion environment leading to further coat densification. However, after 48h salt exposure, the EBC showed severe through-thickness cracks, and cavities and de-lamination at coating-substrate interface. The corrosion gaseous products such as CO2, CO and SO2 trapped under a low viscosity glassy (Na2O·x(SiO2)) liquid phase were formed due to salt vapor reaction with α-SiC substrate created these cavities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SLURRY
KW  - MULLITE
KW  - GADOLINIUM
KW  - SILICATE minerals
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CORROSION resistant materials
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Engine components
KW  - Environmental barrier coating
KW  - Mullite
KW  - Oxidation resistance
N1  - Accession Number: 58746309; Ramasamy, Sivakumar 1; Email Address: rshiku@yahoo.com Tewari, Surendra N. 1 Lee, Kang N. 2 Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 3 Fox, Dennis S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Rolls-Royce Corporation, P.O. Box 420, Indianapolis, IN, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Rd., Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 31 Issue 6, p1123; Subject Term: SLURRY; Subject Term: MULLITE; Subject Term: GADOLINIUM; Subject Term: SILICATE minerals; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CORROSION resistant materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engine components; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mullite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation resistance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.12.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stringer, DB
AU  - Sheth, PN
AU  - Allaire, PE
T1  - Modal reduction of geared rotor systems with general damping and gyroscopic effects.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 975
EP  - 987
SN  - 10775463
AB  - The presence of damping, gyroscopic behavior, and gearing complicates traditional vibration analysis. This paper presents a methodology for conducting modal reduction on a geared rotor dynamic system under the influences of general damping and gyroscopic effects. Based on the first-order, state-space methodology, a coordinate transformation is presented for diagonalizing the state equations of motion for each substructure in the system. A modal synthesis procedure assembles the system equations from the individual substructures. The substructures are coupled via gear-mesh interactions. Using this technique, the size and complexity of a model can be reduced without incurring significant loss of accuracy. The reduced model allows for traditional methods of system analysis to include eigen-solution analysis, and frequency response. Validation occurs through application to a simple geared system widely discussed in the literature. The results of the modal reduction match closely with the full finite element model. A transmission system is also analyzed to illustrate the method’s usefulness to a complex system model of multiple shafts and gear interactions. Considerations arising from the analysis of geared systems are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - VIBRATION tests
KW  - MODAL synthesis
KW  - GEARING -- Vibration
KW  - AUTOMOBILES -- Power trains
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering -- Research
KW  - Gearing effect
KW  - general damping systems
KW  - gyroscopic systems
KW  - modal reduction
N1  - Accession Number: 60981031; Stringer, DB 1 Sheth, PN 2 Allaire, PE 3; Affiliation:  1: Army Research Laboratory, Vehicle Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center (MS 23-3), Cleveland, OH, USA, david.stringer@us.army.mil  2: Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA  3: Wade Professor of Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 17 Issue 7, p975; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: VIBRATION tests; Subject Term: MODAL synthesis; Subject Term: GEARING -- Vibration; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILES -- Power trains; Subject Term: MECHANICAL engineering -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gearing effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: general damping systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: gyroscopic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: modal reduction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336350 Motor Vehicle Transmission and Power Train Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5557
L3  - 10.1177/1077546310372848
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frost, Susan A.
AU  - Balas, Mark J.
AU  - Wright, Alan D.
T1  - Generator speed regulation in the presence of structural modes through adaptive control using residual mode filters
JO  - Mechatronics
JF  - Mechatronics
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 660
EP  - 667
SN  - 09574158
AB  - Abstract: Wind turbines operate in highly turbulent environments resulting in aerodynamic loads that can easily excite turbine structural modes, potentially causing component fatigue and failure. Two key technology drivers for turbine manufacturers are increasing turbine up time and reducing maintenance costs. Since the trend in wind turbine design is towards larger, more flexible turbines with lower frequency structural modes, manufacturers will want to develop control paradigms that properly account for the presence of these modes. Accurate models of the dynamic characteristics of new wind turbines are often not available due to the complexity and expense of the modeling task, making wind turbines ideally suited to adaptive control approaches. In this paper, we develop theory for adaptive control with rejection of disturbances in the presence of modes that inhibit the controller. A residual mode filter is introduced to accommodate these modes and restore important properties to the adaptively controlled plant. This theory is then applied to design an adaptive collective pitch controller for a high-fidelity simulation of a utility-scale, variable-speed wind turbine. The adaptive pitch controller is compared in simulations with a baseline classical proportional integrator (PI) collective pitch controller. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechatronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND turbines -- Aerodynamics
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - SPEED reducers
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - ELECTRONIC controllers
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Disturbance rejection
KW  - Flexible structure control
KW  - Pitch control
KW  - Residual mode filter
KW  - Wind turbine
N1  - Accession Number: 60787322; Frost, Susan A. 1; Email Address: susan.a.frost@nasa.gov Balas, Mark J. 2; Email Address: mbalas@uwyo.edu Wright, Alan D. 3; Email Address: alan.wright@nrel.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, M/S 269-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  2: University of Wyoming, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 1000 E. University Ave., Laramie, WY 82071, USA  3: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p660; Subject Term: WIND turbines -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: SPEED reducers; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC controllers; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disturbance rejection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flexible structure control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pitch control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual mode filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind turbine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333612 Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2011.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balona, L. A.
AU  - Cunha, M. S.
AU  - Gruberbauer, M.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Saio, H.
AU  - White, T. R.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Christiansen, J. L.
AU  - Hall, J. R.
AU  - Seader, S. E.
T1  - Rotation and oblique pulsation in Kepler observations of the roAp star KIC 10483436.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 413
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2651
EP  - 2657
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Photometry of KIC 10483436 was obtained continuously with 1-min exposures over a 27-d period from the Kepler satellite. The light curve shows rotational variations from surface spots with a period of  d, an amplitude of about 6 mmag and eight pulsation frequencies typical of roAp stars. The high-frequency pattern consists of a quintuplet of equally spaced peaks where the frequency of the dominant central peak (68 μmag amplitude) is 1353.00 μHz ( min). A second set of three peaks of lower amplitude are also visible. These appear to form part of a quintuplet centred on 1511.6 μHz with the central peak and one side peak missing. The equidistant frequency spacing is 2.69 μHz, which corresponds to the 4.303 d rotation period. However, the amplitudes (12 μmag) of these peaks are too close to the detection level to allow definite identification of the multiplets. Although no spectrum is available, the character of the pulsations shows that this is a roAp star with two high-frequency modes modulated in amplitude in accordance with the oblique pulsator model. The 4.303-d variation in the light curve, which is interpreted as rotational modulation, shows harmonics as high as the 26th. These harmonics are probably a result of many patches of varying surface brightness associated with surface abundance variations characteristic of Ap stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AP stars
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - LIGHT curves
N1  - Accession Number: 60732123; Balona, L. A. 1 Cunha, M. S. 2 Gruberbauer, M. 3 Kurtz, D. W. 4 Saio, H. 5 White, T. R. 6 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 7 Kjeldsen, H. 7 Christiansen, J. L. 8 Hall, J. R. 9 Seader, S. E. 8; Affiliation:  1: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa  2: Centro de Astrofisica e Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4150-Porto, Portugal  3: Department of Astronomy & Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  4: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  5: Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Building 1520, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  8: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 413 Issue 4, p2651; Subject Term: AP stars; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18334.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Szabados, L.
AU  - Ngeow, C.-C.
AU  - Smolec, R.
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Moskalik, P.
AU  - Nuspl, J.
AU  - Lehmann, H.
AU  - Fűrész, G.
AU  - Molenda-Żakowicz, J.
AU  - Bryson, S. T.
AU  - Henden, A. A.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Nemec, J. M.
AU  - Benkő, J. M.
AU  - Berdnikov, L.
AU  - Bruntt, H.
AU  - Evans, N. R.
AU  - Gorynya, N. A.
T1  - Cepheid investigations using the Kepler space telescope.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 413
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2709
EP  - 2720
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We report results of initial work done on selected candidate Cepheids to be observed with the Kepler space telescope. Prior to the launch, 40 candidates were selected from previous surveys and data bases. The analysis of the first 322 d of Kepler photometry, and recent ground-based follow-up multicolour photometry and spectroscopy allowed us to confirm that one of these stars, V1154 Cyg (KIC 7548061), is indeed a 4.9-d Cepheid. Using the phase lag method, we show that this star pulsates in the fundamental mode. New radial velocity data are consistent with previous measurements, suggesting that a long-period binary component is unlikely. No evidence is seen in the ultraprecise, nearly uninterrupted Kepler photometry for non-radial or stochastically excited modes at the micromagnitude level. The other candidates are not Cepheids, but an interesting mix of possible spotted stars, eclipsing systems and flare stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CEPHEIDS
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - FLARE stars
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - STELLAR magnitudes
KW  - PULSATING stars
N1  - Accession Number: 60732075; Szabó, R. 1 Szabados, L. 1 Ngeow, C.-C. 2 Smolec, R. 3 Derekas, A. 1,4 Moskalik, P. 5 Nuspl, J. 1 Lehmann, H. 6 Fűrész, G. 7 Molenda-Żakowicz, J. 8 Bryson, S. T. 9 Henden, A. A. 10 Kurtz, D. W. 11 Stello, D. 12 Nemec, J. M. 13 Benkő, J. M. 1 Berdnikov, L. 14,15 Bruntt, H. 16 Evans, N. R. 17 Gorynya, N. A. 18; Affiliation:  1: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  2: Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan  3: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria  4: Department of Astronomy, Eötvös University, Budapest, Hungary  5: Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland  6: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Karl-Schwarzschild-Observatorium, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MS 20, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: Astronomical Institute, University of Wrocław, ul. Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wrocław, Poland  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: American Association of Variable Star Observers, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  11: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  12: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006 NSW, Australia  13: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Camosun College, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5J2, Canada  14: Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia  15: Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, Moscow Branch, Universitetskij Pr. 13, Moscow 119992, Russia  16: LESIA, UMR 8109, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  17: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, MS 4, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  18: Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, 48 Pyatnitskaya Street, Moscow 109017, Russia; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 413 Issue 4, p2709; Subject Term: CEPHEIDS; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: FLARE stars; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: STELLAR magnitudes; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18342.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Small, R. J.
AU  - Campbell, T.
AU  - Teixeira, J.
AU  - Carniel, S.
AU  - Smith, T. A.
AU  - Dykes, J.
AU  - Chen, S.
AU  - Allard, R.
T1  - Air--Sea Interaction in the Ligurian Sea: Assessment of a Coupled Ocean--Atmosphere Model Using In Situ Data from LASIE07.
JO  - Monthly Weather Review
JF  - Monthly Weather Review
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 139
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1785
EP  - 1808
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00270644
AB  - In situ experimental data and numerical model results are presented for the Ligurian Sea in the northwestern Mediterranean. The Ligurian Sea Air--Sea Interaction Experiment (LASIE07) and LIGURE2007 experiments took place in June 2007. The LASIE07 and LIGURE2007 data are used to validate the Coupled Ocean--Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (COAMPS)1 developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. This system includes an atmospheric sigma coordinate, nonhydrostatic model, coupled to a hydrostatic sigma- z-level ocean model (Navy Coastal Ocean Model), using the Earth System Modeling Framework (ESMF). A month-long simulation, which includes data assimilation in the atmosphere and full coupling, is compared against an uncoupled run where analysis SST is used for computation of the bulk fluxes. This reveals that COAMPS has reasonable skill in predicting the wind stress and surface heat fluxes at LASIE07 mooring locations in shallow and deep water. At the LASIE07 coastal site (but not at the deep site) the validation shows that the coupled model has a much smaller bias in latent heat flux, because of improvements in the SST field relative to the uncoupled model. This in turn leads to large differences in upper-ocean temperature between the coupled model and an uncoupled ocean model run. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Weather Review is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - FIELD work (Research)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - MEDITERRANEAN Sea
KW  - LIGURIAN Sea
KW  - Air-sea interaction
KW  - Coupled models
KW  - Field experiments
KW  - In situ observations
KW  - Mediterranean Sea
N1  - Accession Number: 61022067; Small, R. J. 1,2 Campbell, T. 1 Teixeira, J. 3 Carniel, S. 4 Smith, T. A. 1 Dykes, J. 1 Chen, S. 5 Allard, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi  2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California  4: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISMAR, Castello, Venice, Italy  5: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 139 Issue 6, p1785; Subject Term: OCEAN-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: FIELD work (Research); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: MEDITERRANEAN Sea; Subject Term: LIGURIAN Sea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air-sea interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coupled models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mediterranean Sea; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 11 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010MWR3431.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldblatt, Colin
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - Faint young Sun paradox remains.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/06//6/1/2011
VL  - 474
IS  - 7349
M3  - Article
SP  - E1
EP  - E1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Arising from M. T. Rosing, D. K. Bird, N. H. Sleep & C. J. Bjerrum, 464, 744-747 (2010)The Sun was fainter when the Earth was young, but the climate was generally at least as warm as today; this is known as the 'faint young Sun paradox'. Rosing et al. claim that the paradox can be resolved by making the early Earth's clouds and surface less reflective. We show that, even with the strongest plausible assumptions, reducing cloud and surface albedos falls short by a factor of two of resolving the paradox. A temperate Archean climate cannot be reconciled with the low level of CO2 suggested by Rosing et al.; a stronger greenhouse effect is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes -- Research
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Archaean
KW  - PARADOX
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - CLOUDS -- Environmental aspects
KW  - SUN
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 60973719; Goldblatt, Colin 1 Zahnle, Kevin J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 6/1/2011, Vol. 474 Issue 7349, pE1; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Research; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Archaean; Subject Term: PARADOX; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature09961
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AU  - Remington, Roger w.
AU  - Wu, Shu-Chieh
AU  - Pashler, Harold
T1  - What determines saccade timing in sequences of coordinated eye and hand movements?
JO  - Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
JF  - Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 18
IS  - 3
M3  - Report
SP  - 538
EP  - 543
SN  - 10699384
AB  - In action sequences, the eyes are generally fixated ahead of the stimulus being responded to, overlapping the processing of adjacent stimuli. What determines when the saccade to the next item is initiated and what processing is overlapped remain controversial. Saccade initiation has been linked directly to the difficulty of the underlying processing on the fixated item or to a rhythmic timer whose period is adjusted to the difficulty of the context. We compared the effects of item and context difficulty when subjects made speeded choice responses to five visual stimuli arrayed linearly. Item difficulty was manipulated by varying stimulus-response compatibility, creating contexts (sequences) whose average item difficulty differed. Results showed that saccade initiation time reflected item difficulty, not context difficulty, with evidence that saccade initiation was delayed until central processing was completed. We discuss the implications of these results for the control of saccades and processing in action sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychonomic Bulletin & Review is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SACCADIC eye movements
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - STIMULUS generalization
KW  - PROCESS control
KW  - STANDARD deviations
N1  - Accession Number: 64881769; Remington, Roger w. 1; Email Address: r.remington@uq.edu.au Wu, Shu-Chieh 2 Pashler, Harold 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072 Australia  2: San Jose State University and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  3: University of California at San Diego, San Diego USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 18 Issue 3, p538; Subject Term: SACCADIC eye movements; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: STIMULUS generalization; Subject Term: PROCESS control; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Report
L3  - 10.3758/s13423-011-0066-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roychoudhury, Indranil
AU  - Daigle., Matthew J.
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
AU  - Koutsoukos, Xenofon
T1  - Efficient simulation of hybrid systems: A hybrid bond graph approach.
JO  - Simulation
JF  - Simulation
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 87
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 498
SN  - 00375497
AB  - Accurate and efficient simulations facilitate cost-effective design and analysis of large, complex, embedded systems, whose behaviors are typically hybrid, i.e. continuous behaviors interspersed with discrete mode changes. In this paper we present an approach for deriving component-based computational models of hybrid systems using hybrid bond graphs (HBGs), a multi-domain, energy-based modeling language that provides a compact framework for modeling hybrid physical systems. Our approach exploits the causality information inherent in HBGs to derive component-based computational models of hybrid systems as reconfigurable block diagrams. Typically, only small parts of the computational structure of a hybrid system change when mode changes occur. Our key idea is to identify the bonds and elements of HBGs whose causal assignments are invariant across system modes, and use this information to derive space-efficient reconfigurable block diagram models that may be reconfigured efficiently when mode changes occur. This reconfiguration is based on the incremental reassignment of causality implemented as the Hybrid Sequential Causal Assignment Procedure, which reassigns causality for the new mode based on the causal assignment of the previous mode. The reconfigurable block diagrams are general, and they can be transformed into simulation models for generating system behavior. Our modeling and simulation methodology, implemented as the Modeling and Transformation of HBGs for Simulation (MoTHS) tool suite, includes a component-based HBG modeling paradigm and a set of model translators for translating the HBG models into executable models. In this work, we use MoTHS to build a high-fidelity MATLAB Simulink model of an electrical power distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Simulation is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYBRID systems
KW  - BOND graphs
KW  - BLOCK diagrams
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ELECTRIC power distribution
KW  - component-oriented modeling
KW  - dynamic causal assignment
KW  - hybrid bond graphs
KW  - modeling and simulation environments
KW  - simulation of hybrid systems
N1  - Accession Number: 60833296; Roychoudhury, Indranil 1; Email Address: indranil.roychoudhury@nasa.gov Daigle., Matthew J. 2 Biswas, Gautam 3 Koutsoukos, Xenofon 3; Affiliation:  1: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 87 Issue 6, p467; Subject Term: HYBRID systems; Subject Term: BOND graphs; Subject Term: BLOCK diagrams; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: component-oriented modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic causal assignment; Author-Supplied Keyword: hybrid bond graphs; Author-Supplied Keyword: modeling and simulation environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation of hybrid systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 18156
L3  - 10.1177/0037549710364478
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhaduri, Kanishka
AU  - Das, Kamalika
AU  - Borne, Kirk
AU  - Giannella, Chris
AU  - Mahule, Tushar
AU  - Kargupta, Hillol
T1  - Scalable, asynchronous, distributed eigen monitoring of astronomy data streams.
JO  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
JF  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 336
EP  - 352
SN  - 19321864
AB  - In this paper, we develop a distributed algorithm for monitoring the principal components (PCs) for next generation of astronomy petascale data pipelines such as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescopes (LSST). This telescope will take repeated images of the night sky every 20 s, thereby generating 30 terabytes of calibrated imagery every night that will need to be co-analyzed with other astronomical data stored at different locations around the world. Event detection, classification, and isolation in such data sets may provide useful insights to unique astronomical phenomenon displaying astrophysically significant variations: quasars, supernovae, variable stars, and potentially hazardous asteroids. However, performing such data mining tasks is a challenging problem for such high-throughput distributed data streams. In this paper, we propose a highly scalable and distributed asynchronous algorithm for monitoring the PCs of such dynamic data streams and discuss a prototype web-based system PADMINI (Peer-to-Peer Astronomy Data Mining) which implements this algorithm for use by the astronomers. We demonstrate the algorithm on a large set of distributed astronomical data to accomplish well-known astronomy tasks such as measuring variations in the fundamental plane of galaxy parameters. The proposed algorithm is provably correct (i.e., converges to the correct PCs without centralizing any data) and can seamlessly handle changes to the data or the network. Real experiments performed on Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) catalogue data show the effectiveness of the algorithm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 2011 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Statistical Analysis & Data Mining is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 60394703; Bhaduri, Kanishka 1 Das, Kamalika 2 Borne, Kirk 3 Giannella, Chris 4 Mahule, Tushar 5 Kargupta, Hillol 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Mission Critical Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Computational and Data Sciences Department, GMU, VA 22030, USA  4: The MITRE Corporation, 300 Sentinel Dr. Suite 600, Annapolis Junction MD 20701, USA  5: CSEE Department, UMBC, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  6: AGNIK, LLC., 8840 Stanford Blvd., Suite 1300 Columbia, MD 21045, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p336; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/sam.10120
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikoleris, Tasos
AU  - Gupta, Gautam
AU  - Kistler, Matthew
T1  - Detailed estimation of fuel consumption and emissions during aircraft taxi operations at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport
JO  - Transportation Research: Part D
JF  - Transportation Research: Part D
Y1  - 2011/06//
VL  - 16
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 302
EP  - 308
SN  - 13619209
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents a detailed estimation of fuel consumption and emissions during taxi operations using aircraft position data from actual operations at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport. Making assumptions of the thrust level during each state, fuel flow and emission index values from International Civil Aviation Organization’s databank are extrapolated. This provides a relative comparison of all the taxi phases and their contribution to the total effect. Analysis reveals that stop-and-go situations, resulting primarily from congestion on airport’s taxiway system, account for approximately 18% of fuel consumed. The states of idling and taxiing at constant speed or braking were found to be the two largest sources of fuel burn and emissions, and the model estimates are sensitive to the thrust level assumptions for these states. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part D is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - TAXIWAYS
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Taxiing
KW  - FORT Worth (Tex.)
KW  - DALLAS (Tex.)
KW  - TEXAS
KW  - Aircraft emissions
KW  - Aircraft taxi operations
KW  - Aviation
KW  - Emissions inventory
KW  - Fuel burn
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Civil Aviation Organization
KW  - DALLAS-Fort Worth International Airport
N1  - Accession Number: 59187522; Nikoleris, Tasos 1; Email Address: nikoleris@gmail.com Gupta, Gautam 2 Kistler, Matthew 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Transportation Studies, 109 McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1720, United States  2: UARC – NASA Ames Research Center, Building 210, MS 210-8, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Mosaic ATM, Inc., 801 Sycolin Rd., Suite 306, Leesburg, VA 20175, United States; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 16 Issue 4, p302; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: TAXIWAYS; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Taxiing; Subject Term: FORT Worth (Tex.); Subject Term: DALLAS (Tex.); Subject Term: TEXAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft taxi operations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aviation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel burn; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Civil Aviation Organization Company/Entity: DALLAS-Fort Worth International Airport; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trd.2011.01.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harder, Bryan J.
AU  - Ramírez-Rico, Joaquin
AU  - Almer, Jonathan D.
AU  - Lee, Kang N.
AU  - Faber, Katherine T.
T1  - Chemical and Mechanical Consequences of Environmental Barrier Coating Exposure to Calcium-Magnesium-Aluminosilicate.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/06/02/Jun2011 Supplement 1
VL  - 94
M3  - Article
SP  - s178
EP  - s185
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The success of Si-based ceramics as high-temperature structural materials for gas turbine applications relies on the use of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) with low silica activity, such as Ba1-xSrxAl2Si2O8 (BSAS), which protect the underlying components from oxidation and corrosion in combustion environments containing water vapor. One of the current challenges concerning EBC lifetime is the effect of sandy deposits of calcium- magnesium-aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass that melt during engine operation and react with the EBC, changing both its composition and stress state. In this work, we study the effect of CMAS exposure at 1300°C on the residual stress state and composition in BSAS-mullite-Si-SiC multilayers. Residual stresses were measured in BSAS multilayers exposed to CMAS for different times using high-energy X-ray diffraction. Their microstructure was studied using a combination of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy techniques. Our results show that CMAS dissolves the BSAS topcoat preferentially through the grain boundaries, dislodging the grains and changing the residual stress state in the topcoat to a nonuniform and increasingly compressive stress state with increasing exposure time. The presence of CMAS accelerates the hexacelsian-to-celsian phase transformation kinetics in BSAS, which reacts with the glass by a solution-reprecipitation mechanism. Precipitates have crystallographic structures consistent with Ca-doped celsian and Ba-doped anorthite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - SILICON
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - CALCIUM
N1  - Accession Number: 61972398; Harder, Bryan J. 1 Ramírez-Rico, Joaquin 2 Almer, Jonathan D. 3 Lee, Kang N. 4 Faber, Katherine T. 5; Email Address: k-faber@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio.  2: University of Seville, Spain.  3: Argonne National Laboratory, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne, Illinois 60439.  4: Rolls-Royce Corporation, Materials, Processes and Repair Technologies, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206.  5: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208.; Source Info: Jun2011 Supplement 1, Vol. 94, ps178; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: CALCIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04448.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baird, Brandon J.
AU  - Dickey, Jennifer S.
AU  - Nakamura, Asako J.
AU  - Redon, Christophe E.
AU  - Parekh, Palak
AU  - Griko, Yuri V.
AU  - Aziz, Khaled
AU  - Georgakilas, Alexandros G.
AU  - Bonner, William M.
AU  - Martin, Olga A.
T1  - Hypothermia postpones DNA damage repair in irradiated cells and protects against cell killing
JO  - Mutation Research: Fundamental & Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
JF  - Mutation Research: Fundamental & Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis
Y1  - 2011/06/03/
VL  - 711
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 142
EP  - 149
SN  - 00275107
AB  - Abstract: Hibernation is an established strategy used by some homeothermic organisms to survive cold environments. In true hibernation, the core body temperature of an animal may drop to below 0°C and metabolic activity almost cease. The phenomenon of hibernation in humans is receiving renewed interest since several cases of victims exhibiting core body temperatures as low as 13.7°C have been revived with minimal lasting deficits. In addition, local cooling during radiotherapy has resulted in normal tissue protection. The experiments described in this paper were prompted by the results of a very limited pilot study, which showed a suppressed DNA repair response of mouse lymphocytes collected from animals subjected to 7-Gy total body irradiation under hypothermic (13°C) conditions, compared to normothermic controls. Here we report that human BJ-hTERT cells exhibited a pronounced radioprotective effect on clonogenic survival when cooled to 13°C during and 12h after irradiation. Mild hypothermia at 20 and 30°C also resulted in some radioprotection. The neutral comet assay revealed an apparent lack on double strand break (DSB) rejoining at 13°C. Extension of the mouse lymphocyte study to ex vivo-irradiated human lymphocytes confirmed lower levels of induced phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) and persistence of the lesions at hypothermia compared to the normal temperature. Parallel studies of radiation-induced oxidatively clustered DNA lesions (OCDLs) revealed partial repair at 13°C compared to the rapid repair at 37°C. For both γ-H2AX foci and OCDLs, the return of lymphocytes to 37°C resulted in the resumption of normal repair kinetics. These results, as well as observations made by others and reviewed in this study, have implications for understanding the radiobiology and protective mechanisms underlying hypothermia and potential opportunities for exploitation in terms of protecting normal tissues against radiation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mutation Research: Fundamental & Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPOTHERMIA
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - CELL death
KW  - HIBERNATION
KW  - BODY temperature
KW  - RADIATION-protective agents
KW  - RADIOBIOLOGY
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - Cell survival
KW  - Hypothermia
KW  - Radioprotective effect
N1  - Accession Number: 60835275; Baird, Brandon J. 1 Dickey, Jennifer S. 1 Nakamura, Asako J. 1 Redon, Christophe E. 1 Parekh, Palak 1 Griko, Yuri V. 2 Aziz, Khaled 3 Georgakilas, Alexandros G. 3 Bonner, William M. 1 Martin, Olga A. 1; Email Address: sedelnio@mail.nih.gov; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, CCR, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA  2: Radiation & Space Biotechnology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Biology Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 711 Issue 1/2, p142; Subject Term: HYPOTHERMIA; Subject Term: DNA damage; Subject Term: CELL death; Subject Term: HIBERNATION; Subject Term: BODY temperature; Subject Term: RADIATION-protective agents; Subject Term: RADIOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell survival; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypothermia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radioprotective effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.12.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
T1  - Pre-earthquake signals: Underlying physical processes
JO  - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
JF  - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
Y1  - 2011/06/05/
VL  - 41
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 400
SN  - 13679120
AB  - Abstract: Prior to large earthquakes the Earth sends out transient signals, sometimes strong, more often subtle and fleeting. These signals may consist of local magnetic field variations, electromagnetic emissions over a wide range of frequencies, a variety of atmospheric and ionospheric phenomena. Great uncertainty exists as to the nature of the processes that could produce such signals, both inside the Earth’s crust and at the surface. The absence of a comprehensive physical mechanism has led to a patchwork of explanations, which are not internally consistent. The recognition that most crustal rocks contain dormant electronic charge carriers in the form of peroxy defects, , holds the key to a deeper understanding of these pre-earthquake signals from a solid state physics perspective. When rocks are stressed, peroxy links break, releasing electronic charge carriers, h·, known as positive holes. The positive holes are highly mobile and can flow out of the stressed subvolume. The situation is similar to that in a battery. The h· outflow is possible when the battery circuit closes. The h· outflow constitutes an electric current, which generates magnetic field variations and low frequency EM emissions. When the positive holes arrive at the Earth’s surface, they lead to ionization of air at the ground–air interface. Under certain conditions corona discharges occur, which cause RF emission. The upward expansion of ionized air may be the reason for perturbations in the ionosphere. Recombination of h· charge carriers at the surface leads to a spectroscopically distinct, non-thermal IR emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Asian Earth Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - PEROXIDES
KW  - SOLID state physics
KW  - Air ionization
KW  - Earthquake
KW  - EM emissions
KW  - Peroxy
KW  - Positive holes
KW  - Pre-earthquake signals
KW  - Thermal infrared anomalies
N1  - Accession Number: 60382444; Freund, Friedemann 1,2,3; Email Address: friedemann.t.freund@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  2: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0196, United States  3: Carl Sagan Center (CSC), SETI Institute, 515 N Whisman Rd, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 41 Issue 4/5, p383; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: PEROXIDES; Subject Term: SOLID state physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air ionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake; Author-Supplied Keyword: EM emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peroxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positive holes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pre-earthquake signals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal infrared anomalies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.03.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balona, L. A.
AU  - Ripepi, V.
AU  - Catanzaro, G.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Smalley, B.
AU  - De Cat, P.
AU  - Eyer, L.
AU  - Grigahcène, A.
AU  - Leccia, S.
AU  - Southworth, J.
AU  - Uytterhoeven, K.
AU  - Van Winckel, H.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Caldwell, D. A.
AU  - Van Cleve, J.
AU  - Girouard, F. R.
T1  - Kepler observations of Am stars.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/06/11/
VL  - 414
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 792
EP  - 800
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present an analysis of high-resolution spectra for two pulsating Am stars in the Kepler field. The stellar parameters derived in this way are important because parameters derived from narrow-band photometry may be affected by the strong metal lines in these stars. We analyse the Kepler time series of ten known Am stars and find that six of them clearly show δ Scuti pulsations. The other four appear to be non-pulsating. We derive fundamental parameters for all known pulsating Am stars from ground-based observations and also for the Kepler Am stars to investigate the location of the instability strip for pulsating Am stars. We find that there is not much difference between the Am-star instability strip and the δ Scuti instability strip. We find that the observed location of pulsating Am stars in the HR diagram does not agree with the location predicted from diffusion calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - KEPLER'S equation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - HR diagrams
N1  - Accession Number: 60960150; Balona, L. A. 1 Ripepi, V. 2 Catanzaro, G. 3 Kurtz, D. W. 4 Smalley, B. 5 De Cat, P. 6 Eyer, L. 7 Grigahcène, A. 8 Leccia, S. 2 Southworth, J. 5 Uytterhoeven, K. 9 Van Winckel, H. 10 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 11 Kjeldsen, H. 11 Caldwell, D. A. 12 Van Cleve, J. 12 Girouard, F. R. 13; Affiliation:  1: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa  2: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy  3: INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  4: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  5: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  6: Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van Belgie, Brussels, Belgium  7: Observatoire de Genéve, 51 ch. des Maillettes, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland  8: Centro de Astrofisica, Faculdade de Ciências,, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  9: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France  10: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3000 Leuven, Belgium  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Building 1520, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 414 Issue 1, p792; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: KEPLER'S equation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: HR diagrams; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18454.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Gutiérrez-Soto, J.
AU  - Handberg, R.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Karoff, C.
AU  - Uytterhoeven, K.
AU  - Appourchaux, T.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Elsworth, Y.
AU  - Mathur, S.
AU  - Ballot, J.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Gilliland, R. L.
AU  - Houdek, G.
AU  - Jenkins, J. M.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - McCauliff, S.
AU  - Metcalfe, T.
T1  - Preparation of Kepler light curves for asteroseismic analyses.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2011/06/11/
VL  - 414
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L6
EP  - L10
SN  - 17453925
AB  - The Kepler mission is providing photometric data of exquisite quality for the asteroseismic study of different classes of pulsating stars. These analyses place particular demands on the pre-processing of the data, over a range of time-scales from minutes to months. Here, we describe processing procedures developed by the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium to prepare light curves that are optimized for the asteroseismic study of solar-like oscillating stars in which outliers, jumps and drifts are corrected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROSEISMOLOGY
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - DATA analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 60960470; García, R. A. 1 Hekker, S. 2,3 Stello, D. 4 Gutiérrez-Soto, J. 5 Handberg, R. 6 Huber, D. 4 Karoff, C. 6 Uytterhoeven, K. 1 Appourchaux, T. 7 Chaplin, W. J. 3 Elsworth, Y. 3 Mathur, S. 8 Ballot, J. 9 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 6 Gilliland, R. L. 10 Houdek, G. 11 Jenkins, J. M. 12 Kjeldsen, H. 6 McCauliff, S. 13 Metcalfe, T. 8; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot; IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  2: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT  3: Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands  4: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  5: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n 18008, Granada, Spain  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  7: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris XI - CNRS (UMR8617), Batiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  8: High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  9: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 31400 Toulouse, France  10: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  11: Institute of Astronomy, University of Vienna, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 414 Issue 1, pL6; Subject Term: ASTROSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01042.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian-Bing Xu
AU  - Xiaoning Jiang
AU  - Ji Su
T1  - A piezoelectric multilayer-stacked hybrid actuation/transduction system.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2011/06/13/
VL  - 98
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 243503
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A piezoelectric multilayer-stacked hybrid actuation/transduction system (stacked-HYBATS) is reported in this letter. It uses synergetic contributions from positive-strain and negative-strain piezoelectric multilayer-stacks to give displacements of about 3.5 times those of the same-sized piezoelectric flextensional actuator/transducer. The resonance of a stacked-HYBATS is enhanced comparing with that of actuators with either stack alone. The effective piezoelectric coefficient of the stacked-HYBATS is 2.5×106 pm/V at the resonance frequency and 1.5×105 pm/V at off-resonance frequencies. The stacked-HYBATS provides an approach for high performance electromechanical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC transducers
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - ACTUATORS
N1  - Accession Number: 61468264; Tian-Bing Xu 1; Email Address: tbxu@nianet.org Xiaoning Jiang 2 Ji Su 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: 6/13/2011, Vol. 98 Issue 24, p243503; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC transducers; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3600057
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61468264&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bater, Christopher W.
AU  - Wulder, Michael A.
AU  - Coops, Nicholas C.
AU  - Nelson, Ross F.
AU  - Hilker, Thomas
AU  - Nasset, Erik
T1  - Stability of Sample-Based Scanning-LiDAR-Derived Vegetation Metrics for Forest Monitoring.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2385
EP  - 2392
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The objective of this paper is to gain insights into the reproducibility of light detection and ranging (LiDAR)-derived vegetation metrics for multiple acquisitions carried out on the same day, where we can assume that forest and terrain conditions at a given location have not changed. Four overlapping lines were flown over a forested area in Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Forty-six 0.04-ha plots were systematically established, and commonly derived variables were extracted from first and last returns, including height-related metrics, cover estimates, return intensities, and absolute scan angles. Plot-level metrics from each LiDAR pass were then compared using multivariate repeated-measures analysis-of-variance tests. Results indicate that, while the number of returns was significantly different between the four overlapping flight lines, most LiDAR-derived first return vegetation height metrics were not. First return maximum height and overstory cover, however, were significantly different and varied between flight lines by an average of approximately 2% and 4%, respectively. First return intensities differed significantly between overpasses where sudden changes in the metric occurred without any apparent explanation; intensity should only be used following calibration. With the exception of the standard deviation of height, all second return metrics were significantly different between flight lines. Despite these minor differences, the study demonstrates that, when the LiDAR sensor, settings, and data acquisition flight parameters remain constant, and time-related forest dynamics are not factors, LiDAR-derived metrics of the same location provide stable and repeatable measures of the forest structure, confirming the suitability of LiDAR for forest monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Analysis of variance
KW  - Distance measurement
KW  - Forest monitoring
KW  - laser altimetry
KW  - Laser radar
KW  - light detection and ranging (LiDAR)
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - sampling
KW  - Sea measurements
KW  - Vegetation mapping
N1  - Accession Number: 60831766; Bater, Christopher W. 1 Wulder, Michael A. 2 Coops, Nicholas C. 1 Nelson, Ross F. 3 Hilker, Thomas 1 Nasset, Erik 4; Affiliation:  1: Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Department of Forest Resources Management, Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada  2: Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Victoria, Canada  3: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 614.4, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, USA  4: Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p2385; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analysis of variance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distance measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: laser altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: light detection and ranging (LiDAR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation mapping; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2010.2099232
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60831766&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrievskaya, E.R.
AU  - Kornienko, O.A.
AU  - Sameljuk, A.V.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Phase relation studies in the CeO2–La2O3 system at 1100–1500°C
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 31
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1277
EP  - 1283
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Materials based on CeO2–La2O3 system are promising candidates for a wide range of applications, but the phase relationship has not been studied systematically previously. To address this challenge, the subsection of the phase diagram for 1100 and 1500°C have been elucidated. Samples of different compositions have been prepared from nitrate acid solutions using conventional ceramic techniques; evaporation, drying, and calcinations. The phase relations in the binary CeO2–La2O3 system at 1100–1500°C were studied from the heat treated samples using X-ray diffraction analysis, petrographic investigation and scanning electron microscopy in the overall concentration range. It was established that in the binary CeO2–La2O3 system there exist fields of solid solutions based on hexagonal (A) modification of La2O3, and cubic modification of CeO2 with fluorite-type structure (F). The systematic study that covered whole composition range excluded formation of new phases. The refined lattice parameter of the unit cell and the boundaries of the homogeneity fields for solid solutions were determined. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERIUM oxides
KW  - LANTHANUM compounds
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - Ceria
KW  - Lanthana
KW  - Lattice parameters
KW  - Phase equilibria
KW  - Solid solutions
N1  - Accession Number: 59940932; Andrievskaya, E.R. 1; Email Address: era@ipms.kiev.ua Kornienko, O.A. 1 Sameljuk, A.V. 1 Sayir, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Frantsevich Institute for Materials Science Problems NAS, Kiev, Ukraine  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 31 Issue 7, p1277; Subject Term: CERIUM oxides; Subject Term: LANTHANUM compounds; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lanthana; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lattice parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase equilibria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid solutions; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.05.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59940932&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Asthana, Rajiv
AU  - Varela, F.M.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, J.
T1  - Microstructural and mechanical evaluation of a Cu-based active braze alloy to join silicon nitride ceramics
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 31
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1309
EP  - 1316
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Self-joining of St. Gobain Si3N4 (NT-154) using a ductile Cu–Al–Si–Ti active braze (Cu-ABA) was demonstrated. A reaction zone (∼2.5–3.5μm thick) developed at the interface after 30min brazing at 1317K. The interface was enriched in Ti and Si. The room temperature compressive shear strengths of Si3N4/Si3N4 and Inconel/Inconel joints (the latter created to access baseline data for use with the proposed Si3N4/Inconel joints) were 140±49MPa and 207±12MPa, respectively. High-temperature shear tests were performed at 1023K and 1073K, and the strength of the Si3N4/Si3N4 and Inconel/Inconel joints were determined. The joints were metallurgically well-bonded for temperatures above 2/3 of the braze solidus. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy studies revealed a fine grain microstructure in the reaction layer, and large grains in the inner part of the joint with interfaces being crack-free. The observed formation of Ti5Si3 and AlN at the joint interface during brazing is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAZING alloys
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - COPPER
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Brazing
KW  - High-temperature strength
KW  - Joints
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Silicon nitride
N1  - Accession Number: 59940938; Singh, M. 1; Email Address: mrityunjay.singh-1@nasa.gov Asthana, Rajiv 2 Varela, F.M. 3 Martínez-Fernández, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA  3: Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada-ICMSE, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 31 Issue 7, p1309; Subject Term: BRAZING alloys; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitride; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.07.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59940938&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - López-Robledo, M.J.
AU  - Vaquero-Aguilar, C.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, J.
AU  - Peña, J.I.
AU  - Sayir, A.
AU  - Jiménez-Melendo, M.
T1  - Processing and mechanical behavior at elevated temperatures of directionally solidified proton conducting perovskites
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 31
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1339
EP  - 1344
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: High-temperature proton conducting perovskite oxides have been fabricated by directional solidification using a laser-heated floating zone (LHFZ) method. Several families of compositions were selected: SrCe1−x Y x O3−δ  (with x =0.1, 0.2), BaCe1−x M x O3−δ  (with M=Y, Yb and Ca; x =0.05, 0.2), Sr3Ca1.18Nb1.82O9−δ , SrZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ  and SrTi0.95Sc0.05O3−δ . The resulting microstructures were characterized by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The compounds exhibit a singular microstructure consisting of strongly textured crystalline cells surrounded by an intercellular amorphous phase. Compressive mechanical tests were performed at elevated temperatures in air at constant strain rate to evaluate the creep resistance. The results are discussed in terms of ionic radius, degree of aliovalence and content of dopant cations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - PEROVSKITE
KW  - FUEL cells
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - Directional solidification
KW  - Fuel cells
KW  - Microstructure-final
KW  - Perovskites
KW  - Plasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 59940928; López-Robledo, M.J. 1 Vaquero-Aguilar, C. 1 Martínez-Fernández, J. 1 Peña, J.I. 2 Sayir, A. 3 Jiménez-Melendo, M. 1; Email Address: melendo@us.es; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Sevilla, Aptdo. 1065, 41080 Sevilla, Spain  2: Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain  3: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 106-1, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 31 Issue 7, p1339; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: PEROVSKITE; Subject Term: FUEL cells; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directional solidification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure-final; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perovskites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.05.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59940928&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramírez-Rico, J.
AU  - Bautista, M.A.
AU  - Martínez-Fernández, J.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Compressive strength degradation in ZrB2-based ultra-high temperature ceramic composites
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 31
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1345
EP  - 1352
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: The high temperature compressive strength behavior of zirconium diboride (ZrB2)–silicon carbide (SiC) particulate composites containing either carbon powder or SCS-9a silicon carbide fibers was evaluated in air. Constant strain rate compression tests have been performed on these materials at room temperature, 1400, and 1550°C. The degradation of the mechanical properties as a result of atmospheric air exposure at high temperatures has also been studied as a function of exposure time. The ZrB2–SiC material shows excellent strength of 3.1±0.2GPa at room temperature and 0.9±0.1GPa at 1400°C when external defects are eliminated by surface finishing. The presence of C is detrimental to the compressive strength of the ZrB2–SiC–C material, as carbon burns out at high temperatures in air. As-fabricated SCS-9a SiC fiber reinforced ZrB2–SiC composites contain significant matrix microcracking due to residual thermal stresses, and show poor mechanical properties and oxidation resistance. After exposure to air at high temperatures an external SiO2 layer is formed, beneath which ZrB2 oxidizes to ZrO2. A significant reduction in room temperature strength occurs after 16–24h of exposure to air at 1400°C for the ZrB2–SiC material, while for the ZrB2–SiC–C composition this reduction is observed after less than 16h. The thickness of the oxide layer was measured as a function of exposure time and temperatures and the details of oxidation process has been discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - ZIRCONIUM compounds
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - CARBON
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - Borides
KW  - Carbides
KW  - Composites
KW  - Strength
KW  - Structural applications
N1  - Accession Number: 59940941; Ramírez-Rico, J. 1; Email Address: jrr@us.es Bautista, M.A. 1 Martínez-Fernández, J. 1 Singh, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada-ICMSE, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute. NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 31 Issue 7, p1345; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM compounds; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Borides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural applications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.05.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
T1  - Microstructural characterization of metal foams: An examination of the applicability of the theoretical models for modeling foams
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 528
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 5289
EP  - 5295
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: Establishing the geometry of foam cells is useful in developing microstructure-based acoustic and structural models. Since experimental data on the geometry of the foam cells are limited, most modeling efforts use an idealized three-dimensional, space-filling Kelvin tetrakaidecahedron. The validity of this assumption is investigated in the present paper. Several FeCrAlY foams with relative densities varying between 3 and 15% and cells per mm (c.p.mm.) varying between 0.2 and 3.9c.p.mm. were microstructurally evaluated. The number of edges per face for each foam specimen was counted by approximating the cell faces by regular polygons, where the number of cell faces measured varied between 207 and 745. The present observations revealed that 50–57% of the cell faces were pentagonal while 24–28% were quadrilateral and 15–22% were hexagonal. The present measurements are shown to be in excellent agreement with literature data. It is demonstrated that the Kelvin model, as well as other proposed theoretical models, cannot accurately describe the FeCrAlY foam cell structure. Instead, it is suggested that the ideal foam cell geometry consists of 11 faces with 3 quadrilateral, 6 pentagonal faces and 2 hexagonal faces consistent with the 3–6–2 Matzke cell. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL foams
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - POLYGONS
KW  - IRON compounds
KW  - POLYHEDRA
KW  - ACOUSTIC models
KW  - Cells
KW  - FeCrAlY
KW  - Kelvin cell
KW  - Matzke cell
KW  - Metal foams
N1  - Accession Number: 60159942; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials & Structures Division, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 528 Issue 15, p5289; Subject Term: METAL foams; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: POLYGONS; Subject Term: IRON compounds; Subject Term: POLYHEDRA; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeCrAlY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kelvin cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Matzke cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal foams; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60159942&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yan, Hongru
AU  - Huang, Jianping
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Wang, Tianhe
AU  - Bi, Jianrong
T1  - Comparison of CERES surface radiation fluxes with surface observations over Loess Plateau
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/06/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1489
EP  - 1500
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Surface energy budget is an important factor in weather and climate processes. To estimate the errors in satellite-retrieved surface radiation budget over the interior of China, instantaneous-footprint surface radiation fluxes from the Terra/Aqua FLASHFlux SSF product are compared with the measurements taken at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL) from July 2008 to March 2010. Validation is performed separately for different conditions: clear-sky and cloudy-sky, daytime and nighttime for four seasons. Differences between the FLASHFlux CERES shortwave radiation flux and surface measurements have larger standard deviations in cloudy-sky conditions than in clear-sky conditions, indicating that cloud contamination increases uncertainty in the retrieval algorithm. Upward shortwave radiation flux (USW) is overestimated in cloudy conditions suggesting that the cloud parameters and surface scene type in the retrieval process are not optimal for northwestern China. The CERES downward longwave radiation fluxes (DLW) accurately follow the variation of surface measurements during daytime, but are slightly underestimated during nighttime due to the coarse sounding profile and undetected low clouds at nighttime. The CERES upwelling longwave radiation fluxes (ULW) are strongly underestimated during daytime but are slightly underestimated during nighttime regardless of cloud coverage. This large bias could be caused by an underestimate of surface skin temperature and/or surface emissivity, or spatial inhomogeneity around the site. Generally, except for diurnal ULW, other components of the surface radiative fluxes obtained from CERES SSF datasets are close to meeting the accuracy requirements for climate research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in earth sciences
KW  - LOESS Plateau (China)
KW  - CHINA
KW  - CERES/SSF
KW  - surface radiative fluxes
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 59775286; Yan, Hongru 1 Huang, Jianping 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn Minnis, Patrick 2 Wang, Tianhe 1 Bi, Jianrong 1; Affiliation:  1: Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 115 Issue 6, p1489; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Observations; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in earth sciences; Subject Term: LOESS Plateau (China); Subject Term: CHINA; Author-Supplied Keyword: CERES/SSF; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface radiative fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.02.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=59775286&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Breger, M.
AU  - Balona, L.
AU  - Lenz, P.
AU  - Hollek, J. K.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Catanzaro, G.
AU  - Marconi, M.
AU  - Pamyatnykh, A. A.
AU  - Smalley, B.
AU  - Suárez, J. C.
AU  - Szabo, R.
AU  - Uytterhoeven, K.
AU  - Ripepi, V.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Fanelli, M. N.
AU  - Ibrahim, K. A.
AU  - Uddin, K.
T1  - Regularities in frequency spacings of δ Scuti stars: the Kepler star KIC 9700322.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/06/21/
VL  - 414
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1721
EP  - 1731
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - In the faint star KIC 9700322 observed by the Kepler satellite, 76 frequencies with amplitudes from 14 to 29 000 ppm were detected. The two dominant frequencies at 9.79 and 12.57 d (113.3 and 145.5 μHz), interpreted to be radial modes, are accompanied by a large number of combination frequencies. A small additional modulation with a 0.16 d frequency is also seen; this is interpreted to be the rotation frequency of the star. The corresponding prediction of slow rotation is confirmed by a spectrum from which  km s is obtained. The analysis of the spectrum shows that the star is one of the coolest δ Sct variables. We also determine T = 6700 ± 100 K and  = 3.7 ± 0.1, compatible with the observed frequencies of the radial modes. Normal solar abundances are found. An frequency quintuplet is also detected with a frequency separation consistent with predictions from the measured rotation rate. A remarkable result is the absence of additional independent frequencies down to an amplitude limit near 14 ppm, suggesting that the star is stable against most forms of non-radial pulsation. A low-frequency peak at 2.7763 d in KIC 9700322 is the frequency difference between the two dominant modes and is repeated over and over in various frequency combinations involving the two dominant modes. The relative phases of the combination frequencies show a strong correlation with frequency, but the physical significance of this result is not clear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - R Scuti stars
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - COSMIC abundances
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 61057950; Breger, M. 1,2 Balona, L. 3 Lenz, P. 1,4 Hollek, J. K. 2 Kurtz, D. W. 5 Catanzaro, G. 6 Marconi, M. 7 Pamyatnykh, A. A. 4,8 Smalley, B. 9 Suárez, J. C. 10 Szabo, R. 11 Uytterhoeven, K. 12 Ripepi, V. 7 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 13 Kjeldsen, H. 13 Fanelli, M. N. 14 Ibrahim, K. A. 15 Uddin, K. 15; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Astronomie der Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstr. 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  3: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa  4: Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland  5: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  6: INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy  7: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy  8: Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyatnitskaya 48, 109017 Moscow, Russia  9: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  10: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), CP3004 Granada, Spain  11: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  12: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, CEA, IRFU, SAp, centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  13: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Building 1520, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  14: Bay Area Environmental Research Inst./NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  15: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 414 Issue 2, p1721; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: R Scuti stars; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: COSMIC abundances; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18508.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61057950&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Simpson, John
T1  - DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF WIDE BANDWIDTH MAGNETO-RESISTIVE SENSOR BASED EDDY CURRENT PROBE.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/06/23/
VL  - 1335
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 388
EP  - 395
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The integration of magneto-resistive sensors into eddy current probes can significantly expand the capabilities of conventional eddy current nondestructive evaluation techniques. The room temperature solid-state sensors have typical bandwidths in the megahertz range and resolutions of tens of microgauss. The low frequency sensitivity of magneto-resistive sensors has been capitalized upon in previous research to fabricate very low frequency eddy current sensors for deep flaw detection in multilayer conductors. In this work a modified probe design is presented to expand the capabilities of the device. The new probe design incorporates a dual induction source enabling operation from low frequency deep flaw detection to high frequency high resolution near surface material characterization. Applications of the probe for the detection of localized near surface conductivity anomalies are presented. Finite element modeling of the probe is shown to be in good agreement with experimental measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETORESISTANCE
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - SOLID state electronics
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 61468481; Wincheski, Buzz 1 Simpson, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 6/23/2011, Vol. 1335 Issue 1, p388; Subject Term: MAGNETORESISTANCE; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: SOLID state electronics; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: FINITE element method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3591879
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61468481&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zalameda, J. N.
AU  - Winfree, W. P.
AU  - Seebo, J. P.
AU  - Johnston, P. H.
T1  - THERMOGRAPHY INSPECTION FOR DETECTION AND TRACKING OF COMPOSITE CYLINDER DAMAGE DURING LOAD TESTING.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/06/23/
VL  - 1335
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 450
EP  - 457
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Two thermography techniques, passive and active, are used to detect damage initiation and progression in a cyclically loaded composite cylinder. The passive thermography tracks damage progression in real time during cyclic loading. Active flash thermography, using a flash tube enclosed within the cylinder, images delaminations. A differential thermography processing technique eliminates normal material variations and improves sensitivity to and sizing of delaminations. The thermography results were compared to non-immersion ultrasonic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - CYCLIC loads
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - ULTRASONIC testing
N1  - Accession Number: 61468472; Zalameda, J. N. 1 Winfree, W. P. 1 Seebo, J. P. 2 Johnston, P. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS231 Hampton, VA 23681  2: Lockheed Martin Corporation NASA Langley Research Center, MS231 Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 6/23/2011, Vol. 1335 Issue 1, p450; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: CYCLIC loads; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC testing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3591887
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61468472&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, N.
AU  - Lobkis, O. I.
AU  - Rokhlin, S. I.
AU  - Cantrell, J. H.
T1  - ULTRASONIC CHARACTERIZATION OF INTERFACES IN COMPOSITE BONDS.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/06/23/
VL  - 1335
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1079
EP  - 1086
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The inverse determination of imperfect interfaces from reflection spectra of normal and oblique incident ultrasonic waves in adhesive bonds of multidirectional composites is investigated. The oblique measurements are complicated by the highly dispersed nature of oblique wave spectra at frequencies above 3MHz. Different strategies for bond property reconstruction, including a modulation method, are discussed. The relation of measured interfacial spring density to the physico-chemical model of a composite interface described by polymer molecular bonds to emulate loss of molecular strength on an adhesive composite interface is discussed. This potentially relates the interfacial (adhesion) strength (number of bonds at the adhesive substrate interface) to the spring constant (stiffness) area density (flux), which is an ultrasonically measurable parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONIC testing
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 61468607; Wang, N. 1 Lobkis, O. I. 1 Rokhlin, S. I. 1 Cantrell, J. H. 2; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, Edison Joining Technology Center, 1248 Arthur E Adams Drive, Columbus OH 43221  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 6/23/2011, Vol. 1335 Issue 1, p1079; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC testing; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: ADHESIVES; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325520 Adhesive Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3592056
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61468607&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, P. H.
T1  - PULSE-ECHO PHASED ARRAY ULTRASONIC INSPECTION OF PULTRUDED ROD STITCHED EFFICIENT UNITIZED STRUCTURE (PRSEUS).
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/06/23/
VL  - 1335
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1432
EP  - 1439
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A PRSEUS test article was subjected to controlled impact on the skin face followed by static and cyclic axial compressions. Phased array ultrasonic inspection was conducted before impact, and after each of the test conditions. A linear phased array probe with a manual X-Y scanner was used for interrogation. Ultrasound showed a delamination between the skin and stringer flange adjacent to the impact. As designed, the stitching in the flange arrested the lateral flaw formation. Subsequent ultrasonic data showed no delamination growth due to continued loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRASONIC testing
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - PULTRUSION
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 61468559; Johnston, P. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 6/23/2011, Vol. 1335 Issue 1, p1432; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC testing; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: PULTRUSION; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3592100
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61468559&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Rauser, R. W.
AU  - Abdul-Aziz, A.
AU  - Cotton, R.
AU  - Burke, E.
AU  - Zhang, S.
AU  - Marsh, M.
AU  - Davis, B. A.
AU  - Studor, G. F.
T1  - RECENT IMPROVEMENTS IN DISPLAY AND ANALYSIS OF NDE DATA AT NASA.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/06/23/
VL  - 1335
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1605
EP  - 1612
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This talk reviews several recent NDE data visualization and analysis improvements implemented at NASA Glenn Research Center. Examples will be shown in the areas of X-ray computed tomography and waveform-based NDE. Emphasis is on methods that are most useful not only for the NDE professional analyzing the data but also for sharing of the data with customers such as material processors, testers, and modelers who need to use the data for various engineering decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - INFORMATION visualization
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - X-rays
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 61468536; Roth, D. J. 1 Rauser, R. W. 2 Abdul-Aziz, A. 3 Cotton, R. 4 Burke, E. 5 Zhang, S. 6 Marsh, M. 6 Davis, B. A. 7 Studor, G. F. 7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390  3: Cleveland State University, 2121 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44115-2226  4: Simpleware, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RN, UK  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199  6: Visualization Sciences Group, 15 New England Executive Park, Burlington, MA 01803  7: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058; Source Info: 6/23/2011, Vol. 1335 Issue 1, p1605; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: INFORMATION visualization; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3592121
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, Paul A.
AU  - McKenzie, Richard
T1  - UV impacts avoided by the Montreal Protocol.
JO  - Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
JF  - Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences
Y1  - 2011/06/29/
VL  - 10
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1152
EP  - 1160
SN  - 1474905X
AB  - Temporal and geographical variabilities in the future “world expected” UV environment are compared with the “world avoided”, which would have occurred without the Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer and its subsequent amendments and adjustments. Based on calculations of clear-sky UV irradiances, the effects of the Montreal Protocol have been hugely beneficial to avoid the health risks, such as skin cancer, which are associated with high UV, while there is only a small increase in health risks, such as vitamin D deficiency, that are associated with low UV. However, interactions with climate change may lead to changes in cloud and albedo, and possibly behavioural changes that could also be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - OZONE-depleting substances
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - HEALTH risk assessment
KW  - VITAMIN D deficiency
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ALBEDO
N1  - Accession Number: 61979416; Newman, Paul A. 1 McKenzie, Richard 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA  2: National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research; Source Info: Jun2011, Vol. 10 Issue 7, p1152; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: OZONE-depleting substances; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: HEALTH risk assessment; Subject Term: VITAMIN D deficiency; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ALBEDO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, Steven A.
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Clowdsley, Martha S.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
T1  - Investigating material approximations in spacecraft radiation analysis
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 69
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 6
EP  - 17
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: During the design process, the configuration of space vehicles and habitats changes frequently and the merits of design changes must be evaluated. Methods for rapidly assessing astronaut exposure are therefore required. Typically, approximations are made to simplify the geometry and speed-up the evaluation of each design. In this work, the error associated with two common approximations used to simplify space radiation vehicle analyses, scaling into equivalent materials and material reordering, are investigated. Over thirty materials commonly found in spacesuits, vehicles, and human bodies are considered. Each material is placed in a material group (aluminum, polyethylene, or tissue), and the error associated with scaling and reordering was quantified for each material. Of the scaling methods investigated, range scaling is shown to be the superior method, especially for shields less than 30g/cm2 exposed to a solar particle event. More complicated, realistic slabs are examined to quantify the separate and combined effects of using equivalent materials and reordering. The error associated with material reordering is shown to be at least comparable to, if not greater than, the error associated with range scaling. In general, scaling and reordering errors were found to grow with the difference between the average nuclear charge of the actual material and average nuclear charge of the equivalent material. Based on this result, a different set of equivalent materials (titanium, aluminum, and tissue) are substituted for the commonly used aluminum, polyethylene, and tissue. The realistic cases are scaled and reordered using the new equivalent materials, and the reduced error is shown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - NUCLEAR charge
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Dynamics
KW  - Equivalent materials
KW  - Material reordering
KW  - Material scaling
KW  - Range scaling
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 60662419; Walker, Steven A. 1; Email Address: steven.a.walker@nasa.gov Slaba, Tony C. 2 Clowdsley, Martha S. 2 Blattnig, Steve R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 69 Issue 1/2, p6; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: NUCLEAR charge; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material reordering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Range scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.02.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atli, K.C.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
AU  - Kireeva, I.V.
T1  - Shape memory characteristics of Ti49.5Ni25Pd25Sc0.5 high-temperature shape memory alloy after severe plastic deformation
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4747
EP  - 4760
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: A Ti49.5Ni25Pd25Sc0.5 high-temperature shape memory alloy is thermomechanically processed to obtain enhanced shape-memory characteristics: in particular, dimensional stability upon repeated thermal cycles under constant loads. This is accomplished using severe plastic deformation via equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) and post-processing annealing heat treatments. The results of the thermomechanical experiments reveal that the processed materials display enhanced shape memory response, exhibiting higher recoverable transformation and reduced irrecoverable strain levels upon thermal cycling compared with the unprocessed material. This improvement is attributed to the increased strength and resistance of the material against defect generation upon phase transformation as a result of the microstructural refinement due to the ECAE process, as supported by the electron microscopy observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - TITANIUM compounds
KW  - DEFORMATION of surfaces
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - PALLADIUM compounds
KW  - Dimensional stability
KW  - Equal channel angular extrusion
KW  - High-temperature shape memory alloys
KW  - Martensitic transformation
KW  - Severe plastic deformation
N1  - Accession Number: 61178124; Atli, K.C. 1 Karaman, I. 1,2; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Noebe, R.D. 3 Garg, A. 3 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 4 Kireeva, I.V. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, M.S. 23-2, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Siberian Physical–Technical Institute, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 59 Issue 12, p4747; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: TITANIUM compounds; Subject Term: DEFORMATION of surfaces; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: PALLADIUM compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dimensional stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equal channel angular extrusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Severe plastic deformation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leib, S. J.
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
T1  - Hybrid Source Model for Predicting High-Speed Jet Noise.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1324
EP  - 1335
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper introduces a novel hybrid source model into an existing acoustic analogy approach to obtain improved predictions of the turbulent mixing noise from cold, round, subsonic, and supersonic jets. The model incorporates new features of the Reynolds stress autocovariance tensor components found in recent experiments. The model parameters are determined from a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solution and experimental data. It is shown that this model significantly improves the predictions relative to previous results, particularly at observer polar angles between 90 degrees to the jet axis and the peak noise direction, indicating the importance of properly modeling relatively subtle characteristics of the autocovariance functions. The results are used to infer the relative importance of individual terms that make up the formula for the acoustic spectrum as a function of jet Mach number, frequency, and observer location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 62566876; Leib, S. J. 1 Goldstein, M. E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44142  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 49 Issue 7, p1324; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MACH number; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050707
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHENé, A.-N.
AU  - MOFFAT, A. F. J.
AU  - CAMERON, C.
AU  - FAHED, R.
AU  - GAMEN, R. C.
AU  - LEFÈVRE, L.
AU  - ROWE, J. F.
AU  - ST-LOUIS, N.
AU  - MUNTEAN, V.
AU  - DE LA CHEVROTIÈRE, A.
AU  - GUENTHER, D. B.
AU  - KUSCHNIG, R.
AU  - MATTHEWS, J. M.
AU  - RUCINSKI, S. M.
AU  - SASSELOV, D.
AU  - WEISS, W. W.
T1  - WR 110: A SINGLE WOLF-RAYET STAR WITH COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS IN ITS WIND?
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 735
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A 30 day contiguous photometric run with the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars (MOST) satellite on the WN5-6b star WR 110 (HD 165688) reveals a fundamental periodicity of P = 4.08 ± 0.55 days along with a number of harmonics at periods P/n, with n ≈ 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and a few other possible stray periodicities and/or stochastic variability on timescales longer than about a day. Spectroscopic radial velocity studies fail to reveal any plausible companion with a period in this range. Therefore, we conjecture that the observed light-curve cusps of amplitude ~0.01 mag that recur at a 4.08 day timescale may arise in the inner parts, or at the base, of a corotating interaction region (CIR) seen in emission as it rotates around with the star at constant angular velocity. The hard X-ray component seen in WR 110 could then be a result of a high velocity component of the CIR shock interacting with the ambient wind at several stellar radii. Given that most hot, luminous stars showing CIRs have two CIR arms, it is possible that either the fundamental period is 8.2 days or, more likely in the case of WR 110, there is indeed a second weaker CIR arm for P = 4.08 days, that occurs ~two-thirds of a rotation period after the main dR. If this interpretation is correct, WR 110 therefore joins the ranks with three other single WR stars, all WN, with confirmed CER rotation periods (WR I, WR 6, and WR 134), albeit with WR 110 having by far the lowest amplitude photometric modulation. This illustrates the power of being able to secure intense, continuous high- precision photometry from space-based platforms such as MOST. It also opens the door to revealing low-amplitude photometric variations in other WN stars, where previous attempts have failed. If all WN stars have CIRs at some level, this could be important for revealing sources of magnetism or pulsation in addition to rotation periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WOLF-Rayet stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ANGULAR velocity
KW  - MAGNETISM
KW  - outflows
KW  - stars: individual (WR 110)
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars: winds
KW  - stars: Wolf-Rayet
N1  - Accession Number: 83589483; CHENé, A.-N. 1,2,3; Email Address: achene@astro-udec.cl MOFFAT, A. F. J. 4; Email Address: moffat@astro.umontreal.ca CAMERON, C. 5 FAHED, R. 4 GAMEN, R. C. 6 LEFÈVRE, L. 7 ROWE, J. F. 8 ST-LOUIS, N. 4,9 MUNTEAN, V. 4 DE LA CHEVROTIÈRE, A. 4 GUENTHER, D. B. 10 KUSCHNIG, R. 11 MATTHEWS, J. M. 5 RUCINSKI, S. M. 12 SASSELOV, D. 9 WEISS, W. W. 11; Affiliation:  1: Canadian Gemini Office, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071, West Saanich Road, Victoria (BC), V9E 2E7, Canada  2: Departamento de Astronomía, Casilla 160, Universidad de Concepción, Chile  3: Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 5030, Valparaíso, Chile  4: Département de physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 & Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec, Canada  5: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada  6: Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (CCT-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata), Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina  7: Observatoire Royal de Belgique, Avenue Circulaire, 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 102138, USA  10: Department of Astronomy & Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada  11: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  12: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 735 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: WOLF-Rayet stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ANGULAR velocity; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (WR 110); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: winds; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: Wolf-Rayet; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/735/1/34
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KNUTSON, HEATHER A.
AU  - MADHUSUDHAN, NIKKU
AU  - COWAN, NICOLAS B.
AU  - CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE L.
AU  - AGOL, ERIC
AU  - DEMING, DRAKE
AU  - DÉSERT, JEAN-MICHEL
AU  - CHARBONNEAU, DAVID
AU  - HENRY, GREGORY W.
AU  - HOMEIER, DEREK
AU  - LANGTON, JONATHAN
AU  - LAUGHLIN, GREGORY
AU  - SEAGER, SARA
T1  - A SPITZER TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM FOR THE EXOPLANET GJ 436b, EVIDENCE FOR STELLAR VARIABILITY, AND CONSTRAINTS ON DAYSIDE FLUX VARIATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 735
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In this paper, we describe a uniform analysis of eight transits and eleven secondary eclipses of the extrasolar planet GJ 436b obtained in the 3.6, 4.5, and 8.0 μm bands using the IRAC instrument on the Spitzer Space Telescope between UT 2007 June 29 and UT 2009 February 4. We find that the best-fit transit depths for visits in the same bandpass can vary by as much as 8% of the total (4.7σ significance) from one epoch to the next. Although we cannot entirely rule out residual detector effects or a time-varying, high-altitude cloud layer in the planet's atmosphere as the cause of these variations, we consider the occultation of active regions on the star in a subset of the transit observations to be the most likely explanation. We find that for the deepest 3.6 μm transit the in-transit data have a higher standard deviation than the out-of-transit data, as would be expected if the planet occulted a star spot. We also compare all published transit observations for this object and find that transits observed in the infrared typically have smaller timing offsets than those observed in visible light. In this case, the three deepest Spitzer transits are all measured within a period of five days, consistent with a single epoch of increased stellar activity. We reconcile the presence of magnetically active regions with the lack of significant visible or infrared flux variations from the star by proposing that the star's spin axis is tilted with respect to our line of sight and that the planet's orbit is therefore likely to be misaligned. In contrast to the results reported by Beaulieu et al., we find no convincing evidence for methane absorption in the planet's transmission spectrum. If we exclude the transits that we believe to be most affected by stellar activity, we find that we prefer models with enhanced CO and reduced methane, consistent with GJ 436b's dayside composition from Stevenson et al. It is also possible that all transits are significantly affected by this activity, in which case it may not be feasible to characterize the planet's transmission spectrum using broadband photometry obtained over multiple epochs. These observations serve to illustrate the challenges associated with transmission spectroscopy of planets orbiting late-type stars; we expect that other systems, such as GJ 1214, may display comparably variable transit depths. We compare the limb-darkening coefficients predicted by PHOENIX and ATLAS stellar atmosphere models and discuss the effect that these coefficients have on the measured planet-star radius ratios given GJ 436b's near-grazing transit geometry. Our measured 8 μm secondary eclipse depths are consistent with a constant value, and we place a 1σ upper limit of 17% on changes in the planet's dayside flux in this band. These results are consistent with predictions from general circulation models for this planet, which find that the planet's dayside flux varies by a few percent or less in the 8 μm band. Averaging over the eleven visits gives us an improved estimate of 0.0452% ± 0.0027% for the secondary eclipse depth; we also examine residuals from the eclipse ingress and egress and place an upper limit on deviations caused by a non-uniform surface brightness for GJ 436b. We combine timing information from our observations with previously published data to produce a refined orbital ephemeris and determine that the best-fit transit and eclipse times are consistent with a constant orbital period. We find that the secondary eclipse occurs at a phase of 0.58672 ± 0.00017, corresponding to e cos(ω) = 0.13754 ± 0.00027, where e is the planet's orbital eccentricity and ω is the longitude of pericenter. We also present improved estimates for other system parameters, including the orbital inclination, a/R⋆, and the planet-star radius ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR eclipses
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - BANDPASS filters
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: activity
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 83589476; KNUTSON, HEATHER A. 1; Email Address: hknutson@berkeley.edu MADHUSUDHAN, NIKKU 2 COWAN, NICOLAS B. 3 CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE L. 4 AGOL, ERIC 5 DEMING, DRAKE 6 DÉSERT, JEAN-MICHEL 7 CHARBONNEAU, DAVID 7 HENRY, GREGORY W. 8 HOMEIER, DEREK 9 LANGTON, JONATHAN 10,11 LAUGHLIN, GREGORY 9 SEAGER, SARA 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  2: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  3: CIERA, Northwestern University, 2131 Tech Drive, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Planetary Systems Laboratory, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: Center of Excellence in Information Systems, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Box 9501, Nashville, TN 37209, USA  9: Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany  10: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  11: Department of Physics, Principia College, 1 Maybeck Place, Elsah, IL 62028, USA  12: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 735 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR eclipses; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: BANDPASS filters; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/735/1/27
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - NORRIS, JAY P.
AU  - GEHRELS, NEIL
AU  - SCARGLE, JEFFREY D.
T1  - HETEROGENEITY IN SHORT GAMMA-RAY BURSTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 735
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We analyze the Swift/BAT sample of short gamma-ray bursts, using an objective Bayesian Block procedure to extract temporal descriptors of the bursts' initial pulse complexes (IPCs). The sample is comprised of 12 and 41 bursts with and without extended emission (EE) components, respectively. IPCs of non-EE bursts are dominated by single pulse structures, while EE bursts tend to have two or more pulse structures. The medians of characteristic timescales-durations, pulse structure widths, and peak intervals-for EE bursts are factors of ~2-3 longer than for non-EE bursts. A trend previously reported by Hakkila and colleagues unifying long and short bursts-the anti- correlation of pulse intensity and width-continues in the two short burst groups, with non-EE bursts extending to more intense, narrower pulses. In addition, we find that preceding and succeeding pulse intensities are anti- correlated with pulse interval. We also examine the short burst X-ray afterglows as observed by the Swift/X-Ray Telescope (XRT). The median flux of the initial XRT detections for EE bursts (~6 × 10-10 erg cm-2 s-1) is ≳ 20 × brighter than for non-EE bursts, and the median X-ray afterglow duration for EE bursts (~60,000 s) is ~30 × longer than for non-EE bursts. The tendency for EE bursts toward longer prompt-emission timescales and higher initial X-ray afterglow fluxes implies larger energy injections powering the afterglows. The longer-lasting X-ray afterglows of EE bursts may suggest that a significant fraction explode into denser environments than non-EE bursts, or that the sometimes-dominant EE component efficiently powers the afterglow. Combined, these results favor different progenitors for EE and non-EE short bursts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HETEROGENEITY
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - AFTERGLOW (Physics)
KW  - X-rays
KW  - gamma-ray burst: general
N1  - Accession Number: 83589472; NORRIS, JAY P. 1 GEHRELS, NEIL 2 SCARGLE, JEFFREY D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA  2: Astroparticle Physics Laboratory, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 735 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HETEROGENEITY; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: AFTERGLOW (Physics); Subject Term: X-rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma-ray burst: general; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/735/1/23
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauer, R.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - McLinden, C. A.
AU  - Gordley, L. L.
AU  - Lotz, W.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A.
AU  - Bovensmann, H.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
T1  - Validation of SCIAMACHY limb NO2 profiles using solar occultation measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4753
EP  - 4800
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study which validates the vertical distributions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from limb measurement of scattered solar light from the scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric cartography (SCIAMACHY). It discusses the retrieval approach and the sensitivity of the SCIAMACHY NO2. It describes the photochemical corrections needed to make the validation feasible and the collocation criteria.
KW  - NITROGEN dioxide
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - CARTOGRAPHY
KW  - COLLOCATION methods
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 67495046; Bauer, R. 1; Email Address: ralf.bauer@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Rozanov, A. 1 McLinden, C. A. 2 Gordley, L. L. 3 Lotz, W. 1 Russell III, J. M. 4 Walker, K. A. 5 Zawodny, J. M. 6 Ladstätter-Weißenmayer, A. 1 Bovensmann, H. 1 Burrows, J. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany  2: Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  3: GATS, Inc., Newport News, Virginia, USA  4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p4753; Subject Term: NITROGEN dioxide; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: COLLOCATION methods; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 49p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 18 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-4-4753-2011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mieruch, S.
AU  - Weber, M.
AU  - von Savigny, C.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Bovensmann, H.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Froidevaux, L.
AU  - Gordley, L. L.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
T1  - Global and long-term comparison of SCIAMACHY limb ozone profiles with correlative satellite data (2002-2008).
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4867
EP  - 4910
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study which compares the limb scatter ozone profiles from scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric cartography (SCIAMACHY) with microwave limb sounder (MLS). It introduces satellite instruments and measurement techniques. It investigates the preprocessing of the different data sets and compares SCIAMACHY with other measurements. It summarizes the trends of estimation and compares the trends between space-borne observations.
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Laser observations
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 67495049; Mieruch, S. 1,2; Email Address: weber@uni-bremen.de Weber, M. 1 von Savigny, C. 1 Rozanov, A. 1 Bovensmann, H. 1 Burrows, J. P. 1 Bernath, P. F. 3 Boone, C. D. 4 Froidevaux, L. 5 Gordley, L. L. 6 Mlynczak, M. G. 6 Russell III, J. M. 7 Thomason, L. W. 8 Walker, K. A. 7 Zawodny, J. M. 8; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Bremen FB1, Bremen, Germany  2: CM-SAF, Dept. Climate and Environment, Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany  3: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK  4: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  7: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  8: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p4867; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Laser observations; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-4-4867-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67495049&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fereres, Sonia
AU  - Lautenberger, Chris
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, Carlos
AU  - Urban, David
AU  - Ruff, Gary
T1  - Mass flux at ignition in reduced pressure environments
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 158
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1301
EP  - 1306
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Ignition of solid combustible materials can occur at atmospheric pressures lower than standard either in high altitude environments or inside pressurized vehicles such as aircraft and spacecraft. NASA’s latest space exploration vehicles have a cabin atmosphere of reduced pressure and increased oxygen concentration. Recent piloted ignition experiments indicate that ignition times are reduced under these environmental conditions compared to normal atmospheric conditions, suggesting that the critical mass flux at ignition may also be reduced. Both effects may result in an increased fire risk of combustible solid materials in reduced pressure environments that warrant further investigation. As a result, a series of experiments are conducted to explicitly measure fuel mass flux at ignition and ignition delay time as a function of ambient pressure for the piloted ignition of PMMA under external radiant heating. Experimental findings reveal that ignition time and the fuel mass flux at ignition decrease when ambient pressure is lowered, proving with the latter what earlier authors had inferred. It is concluded that the reduced pressure environment results in smaller convective heat losses from the heated material to the surroundings, allowing for the material to heat more rapidly and pyrolyze faster. It is also proposed that a lower mass flux of volatiles is required to reach the lean flammability limit of the gases near the pilot at reduced pressures, due mainly to a reduced oxygen concentration, an enlarged boundary layer, and a thicker fuel species profile. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIANT heating
KW  - MASS loss (Astrophysics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - FLAMMABILITY
KW  - FIRE
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Ignition delay time
KW  - Low pressure
KW  - Mass flux at ignition
KW  - Mass loss
N1  - Accession Number: 60664864; Fereres, Sonia 1; Email Address: sfereres@berkeley.edu Lautenberger, Chris 1 Fernandez-Pello, Carlos 1 Urban, David 2 Ruff, Gary 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 158 Issue 7, p1301; Subject Term: RADIANT heating; Subject Term: MASS loss (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: FLAMMABILITY; Subject Term: FIRE; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ignition delay time; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass flux at ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass loss; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2010.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mohanty, S.
AU  - Chattopadhyay, A.
AU  - Peralta, P.
AU  - Das, S.
T1  - Bayesian Statistic Based Multivariate Gaussian Process Approach for Offline/Online Fatigue Crack Growth Prediction.
JO  - Experimental Mechanics
JF  - Experimental Mechanics
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 833
EP  - 843
SN  - 00144851
AB  - Offline and online fatigue crack growth prediction of Aluminum 2024 compact-tension (CT) specimens under variable loading has been modeled, using multivariate Gaussian Process (GP) technique. The GP model is a Bayesian statistic stochastic model that projects the input space to an output space by probabilistically inferring the underlying nonlinear function. For the offline prediction, the input space of the model is trained with parameters that affect fatigue crack growth, such as the number of fatigue cycles, minimum load, maximum load, and load ratio. For the online prediction, the model input space is trained using piezoelectric sensor signal features rather than training the input space with loading parameters, which are difficult to measure in a real time scenario. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to extract the principal features from sensor signals. In both the offline and online case, the output space is trained with known associated crack lengths or crack growth rates. Once the GP model is trained, a new output space for which the corresponding crack length or crack growth rate is not known, is predicted using the trained GP model. The models are validated through several numerical examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - ALUMINUM -- Fatigue
KW  - NONLINEAR functional analysis
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - Fatigue life prediction
KW  - Gaussian process
KW  - Probabilistic approach
KW  - Statistical method
KW  - Structural health monitoring
KW  - Variable loading
N1  - Accession Number: 61004828; Mohanty, S. 1; Email Address: subhasish.mohanty@asu.edu Chattopadhyay, A. 1; Email Address: aditi@asu.edu Peralta, P. 1; Email Address: pperalta@asu.edu Das, S. 2; Email Address: Santanu.Das-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p833; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: ALUMINUM -- Fatigue; Subject Term: NONLINEAR functional analysis; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue life prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian process; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Statistical method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variable loading; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11340-010-9394-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - van Leeuwen, Wim
AU  - Hutchinson, Chuck
AU  - Drake, Sam
AU  - Doorn, Brad
AU  - Kaupp, Verne
AU  - Haithcoat, Tim
AU  - Likholetov, Vladislav
AU  - Sheffner, Ed
AU  - Tralli, Dave
T1  - Benchmarking enhancements to a decision support system for global crop production assessments
JO  - Expert Systems with Applications
JF  - Expert Systems with Applications
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 38
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 8054
EP  - 8065
SN  - 09574174
AB  - Abstract: The Office of Global Analysis/International Production Assessment Division (OGA/IPAD) of the United States Department of Agriculture – Foreign Agricultural Service (USDA-FAS) has been assimilating new data and information products from agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) into its operational decision support system (DSS). The FAS mission is to improve monthly estimates of global production of major agricultural commodities and provide US Government senior decision makers and the public the most accurate, timely, and objective assessment of the global food supply situation possible. These estimates are ultimately captured as the US governments’ official assessments of world food supply for the commodity markets and policy makers. The goal of this research was to measure changes in the quality and accuracy of decision support information resulting from the assimilation of new NASA products in the DSS. We gathered both qualitative and quantitative information through questionnaires and interviews to benchmark these changes. We used an interactive project lifecycle risk management tool developed for NASA mission spaceflight design and quality assurance (DDP – Defect Detection and Prevention) to do this. In this case, we used it to (1) quantify the change in DSS Objectives attained after assimilation of new products, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of various Mitigation options against potential Risks. The change in Objectives attainment was considered the most important benchmarking indicator for examining the effectiveness of the assimilation of NASA products into OGA/IPAD’s DSS. From this research emerged a novel model for benchmarking DSSs that (1) promotes continuity and synergy within and between government agencies, (2) accommodates scientific, operational and architectural dynamics, and (3) facilitates transfer of knowledge among research, management, and decision-making agencies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Expert Systems with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECISION support systems
KW  - AGRICULTURAL productivity
KW  - ESTIMATES
KW  - RISK assessment
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - FOOD supply
KW  - QUALITY assurance
KW  - BENCHMARKING (Management)
KW  - KNOWLEDGE transfer (Communication)
KW  - Agricultural production
KW  - Cross agency investments
KW  - Project management
KW  - Risk assessment
KW  - World food security
N1  - Accession Number: 58746452; van Leeuwen, Wim 1,2; Email Address: leeuw@email.arizona.edu Hutchinson, Chuck 1 Drake, Sam 1 Doorn, Brad 3 Kaupp, Verne 4 Haithcoat, Tim 4 Likholetov, Vladislav 4 Sheffner, Ed 5 Tralli, Dave 6; Affiliation:  1: School of Natural Resources and the Environment/Office of Arid Lands Studies, University of Arizona 1955E. 6th St., Tucson, AZ 85721, United States  2: School of Geography and Development, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States  3: USDA/FAS/OGU/IPAD, Washington, DC 20250, United States  4: University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  6: National Space Technology Applications, Earth Science and Technology Directorate, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, CA, United States; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 38 Issue 7, p8054; Subject Term: DECISION support systems; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Subject Term: ESTIMATES; Subject Term: RISK assessment; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: FOOD supply; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Subject Term: BENCHMARKING (Management); Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE transfer (Communication); Author-Supplied Keyword: Agricultural production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cross agency investments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Project management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Risk assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: World food security; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.eswa.2010.12.145
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halasinski, T. M.
AU  - Ruiterkamp, R.
AU  - Salama, F.
AU  - Foing, B. H.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
T1  - C84: A Prototype of Larger Fullerenes. Laboratory Spectroscopy and Astronomical Relevance.
JO  - Fullerenes, Nanotubes & Carbon Nanostructures
JF  - Fullerenes, Nanotubes & Carbon Nanostructures
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 19
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 398
EP  - 409
SN  - 1536383X
AB  - We present for the first time the UV/Vis spectrum of the neutral and ionized fullerene C84 isolated in a neon matrix at low temperature. After ionization with high energy (10.2 eV) UV photons, we are able to identify a new spectroscopic absorption band at 718.2 nm that we tentatively attribute to the C84+ ion. We compare the optical spectrum to the diffuse interstellar absorption bands (DIBs) and find eight possible DIBs that fall within the expected shift induced by the solid matrix (± 5 nm) of the assigned C84+ absorption band at 713.6, 713.8, 715.4, 716.1, 718.0, 722.3, 722.4, and 722.8 nm. The astronomical C84+ column density that is required to account for the observed strength of these DIBs is calculated assuming the oscillator strength of the C84+ transition obtained from the laboratory spectrum (f = 0.004). We find that 0.08% and 0.06% of the cosmic carbon abundance would be required to reproduce the 713.6 and 715.4 nm DIB, respectively. A ratio of cosmic C84+ to C60+ of ∼7% or ∼5% is derived based on the assignment of C84+ to the weakest DIBs at 713.6 or 715.4 nm, respectively. Both ratios are in good agreement with the C84+ to C60+ ratio measured in the laboratory under various experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fullerenes, Nanotubes & Carbon Nanostructures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - C84
KW  - DIBs
KW  - Fullerenes
KW  - Interstellar medium
N1  - Accession Number: 60507944; Halasinski, T. M. 1 Ruiterkamp, R. 2 Salama, F. 3 Foing, B. H. 4 Ehrenfreund, P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Physics, Middlesex County College, Edison, New Jersey, USA  2: Leiden Observatory, Leiden, The Netherlands  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  4: ESTEC, Science and Robotic Exploration SRE, The Netherlands  5: Astrobiology Laboratory, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden, The Netherlands,Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p398; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: C84; Author-Supplied Keyword: DIBs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fullerenes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar medium; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15363831003721807
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60507944&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiedinmyer, C.
AU  - Akagi, S. K.
AU  - Yokelson, R. J.
AU  - Emmons, L. K.
AU  - Al-Saadi, J. A.
AU  - Orlando, J. J.
AU  - Soja, A. J.
T1  - The Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN): a high resolution global model to estimate the emissions from open burning.
JO  - Geoscientific Model Development
JF  - Geoscientific Model Development
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 625
EP  - 641
SN  - 1991959X
AB  - The article presents a study which explores the Fire INventory from NCAR version 1.0 (FINNv1) which provides global estimates of trace gases and emissions from open burning of biomass. It is inferred that the global emission estimates of the FINNv1 have been developed for modeling atmospheric chemistry and air quality. Several compounds calculate in FINNv1 are highlighted which include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde.
KW  - AIR pollution monitoring
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - TRACE gases
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 70104725; Wiedinmyer, C. 1; Email Address: christin@ucar.edu Akagi, S. K. 2 Yokelson, R. J. 2 Emmons, L. K. 1 Al-Saadi, J. A. 3 Orlando, J. J. 1 Soja, A. J. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  2: University of Montana, Department of Chemistry, Missoula, MT, USA  3: NASA Headquarters, Washington DC, USA  4: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p625; Subject Term: AIR pollution monitoring; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: TRACE gases; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hong, Peng K.
AU  - Sugita, Seiji
AU  - Okamura, Natsuko
AU  - Sekine, Yasuhito
AU  - Terada, Hiroshi
AU  - Takatoh, Naruhisa
AU  - Hayano, Yutaka
AU  - Fuse, Tetsuharu
AU  - Pyo, Tae-Soo
AU  - Kawakita, Hideyo
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
AU  - Young, Eliot F.
AU  - Lucey, Paul G.
AU  - Kurosawa, Kosuke
AU  - Genda, Hidenori
AU  - Haruyama, Junichi
AU  - Furusho, Reiko
AU  - Kadono, Toshihiko
AU  - Nakamura, Ryosuke
AU  - Kamata, Shunichi
T1  - A ground-based observation of the LCROSS impact events using the Subaru Telescope
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 214
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 29
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission was an impact exploration searching for a volatile deposit in a permanently shadowed region (PSR) by excavating near-surface material. We conducted infrared spectral and imaging observations of the LCROSS impacts from 15min before the first collision through 2min after the second collision using the Subaru Telescope in order to measure ejecta dust and water. Such a ground-based observation is important because the viewing geometry and wavelength coverage are very different from the LCROSS spacecraft. We used the Echelle spectrograph with spectral resolution λ/Δλ ∼10,000 to observe the non-resonant H2O rotational emission lines near 2.9μm and the slit viewer with a K′ filter for imaging observation of ejecta plumes. Pre-impact calculations using a homogeneous projectile predicted that 2000kg of ejecta and 10kg of H2O were excavated and thrown into the analyzed area immediately above the slit within the field of view (FOV) of the K′ imager and the FOV of spectrometer slit, respectively. However, no unambiguous emission line of H2O or dust was detected. The estimated upper limits of the amount of dust and H2O from the main Centaur impact were 800kg and 40kg for the 3σ of noise in the analyzed area within the imager FOV and in the slit FOV, respectively. If we take 1σ as detection limit, the upper limits are 300kg and 14kg, respectively. Although the upper limit for water mass is comparable to a prediction by a standard theoretical prediction, that for dust mass is significantly smaller than that predicted by a standard impact theory. This discrepancy in ejecta dust mass between a theoretical prediction and our observation result suggests that the cratering process induced by the LCROSS impacts may have been substantially different from the standard cratering theory, possibly because of its hollow projectile structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Ices
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Moon, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 61918028; Hong, Peng K. 1; Email Address: hong@astrobio.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp Sugita, Seiji 1 Okamura, Natsuko 1 Sekine, Yasuhito 1 Terada, Hiroshi 2 Takatoh, Naruhisa 2 Hayano, Yutaka 2 Fuse, Tetsuharu 3 Pyo, Tae-Soo 2 Kawakita, Hideyo 4 Wooden, Diane H. 5 Young, Eliot F. 6 Lucey, Paul G. 7 Kurosawa, Kosuke 8 Genda, Hidenori 9 Haruyama, Junichi 8 Furusho, Reiko 10 Kadono, Toshihiko 11 Nakamura, Ryosuke 12 Kamata, Shunichi 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan  2: Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  3: Kashima Space Research Center, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kashima, Ibaraki 314-8501, Japan  4: Department of Physics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA  7: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  8: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  9: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  10: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan  11: Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan  12: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 214 Issue 1, p21; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon, Surface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61918028&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Marzo, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Fonti, Sergio
AU  - Orofino, Vincenzo
AU  - Blanco, Armando
AU  - Gross, Christoph
AU  - Wendt, Lorenz
T1  - Assessing spectral evidence of aqueous activity in two putative martian paleolakes
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 214
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 240
EP  - 245
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We evaluate the evidence for the presence of mineral spectral signatures indicative of the past presence of water at two putative paleolakes on Mars using observations by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Compact Reconnaissance Image Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). CRISM spectra of both sites are consistent with laboratory spectra of Mg-rich phyllosilicates. Our analysis represents the first detailed evaluation of these locations. The spatial occurrence and association with topographic features within the craters is distinctly different for the two sites. The occurrence of these minerals supports the conclusion that water was once active in the areas sampled by these craters. The distribution of the phyllosilicates in Luqa does not provide distinctive evidence for the presence of a previous standing body of water and is consistent with either impact emplacement or post-impact alteration. For Cankuzo, the phyllosilicate distribution provides evidence of a layer in the crater wall indicative of aqueous activity, but does not require a paleolake. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Mars, Surface
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 61918037; Roush, Ted L. 1; Email Address: ted.l.roush@nasa.gov Marzo, Giuseppe A. 1,2 Fonti, Sergio 3 Orofino, Vincenzo 3 Blanco, Armando 3 Gross, Christoph 4 Wendt, Lorenz 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, United States  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third St. West, Sonoma, CA 95476, United States  3: Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy  4: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Malteserstr. 74-100 12449 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 214 Issue 1, p240; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61918037&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.
AU  - Choudhury, Debabani
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - Location Specific Coverage With Wireless Platform Integrated 60-GHz Antenna Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2661
EP  - 2671
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - 60-GHz antennas are embedded inside a laptop computer chassis to evaluate suitable integration scenarios for effective far-field range coverage. A broad-beam patch and a switched-beam directive quasi-Yagi array are designed and utilized to conduct experimental tests on a real laptop computer. An electromagnetic modeling tool is used to fine tune the antenna's specific position at different locations in the laptop lid and base. In general, it is found that the platform embedded antennas exhibit satisfactory performance when they illuminate a small area of the chassis in the boresight direction, which prevents unwanted surface waves radiated from the chassis discontinuities (edges, corners, apertures) from interfering with the antenna main beam. In practice, this is simply achievable by keeping the antenna within a wavelength (5 mm) or closer to the frontal cover surface. Improper antenna placement may lead to antenna beamwidth reduction, boresight gain decrease, boresight angle tilt, and shadow regions formation. The derived results are not solely specific to the laptop chassis problem, and can thus be used to design general purpose wireless platform integrated 60-GHz antenna systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO antennas
KW  - PORTABLE computers
KW  - ELECTRIC switchgear
KW  - ANTENNA radiation patterns
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
KW  - LAPTOP computers
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - 60-GHz
KW  - antenna integration
KW  - Antenna measurements
KW  - antenna packaging
KW  - Antenna radiation patterns
KW  - antenna systems
KW  - embedded antenna
KW  - Gain
KW  - internal antenna
KW  - platform integrated antenna
KW  - Portable computers
KW  - Substrates
KW  - switched-beam end-fire array
KW  - Switches
N1  - Accession Number: 62559880; Amadjikpe, Arnaud L. 1 Choudhury, Debabani 2 Ponchak, George E. 3 Papapolymerou, John 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  2: Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 59 Issue 7, p2661; Subject Term: RADIO antennas; Subject Term: PORTABLE computers; Subject Term: ELECTRIC switchgear; Subject Term: ANTENNA radiation patterns; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; Subject Term: LAPTOP computers; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: 60-GHz; Author-Supplied Keyword: antenna integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: antenna packaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna radiation patterns; Author-Supplied Keyword: antenna systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: embedded antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gain; Author-Supplied Keyword: internal antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: platform integrated antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: Portable computers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrates; Author-Supplied Keyword: switched-beam end-fire array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Switches; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335315 Switchgear and switchboard, and relay and industrial control apparatus manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2011.2152330
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62559880&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McMillan, W. W.
AU  - Evans, Keith D.
AU  - Barnet, Christopher D.
AU  - Maddy, Eric S.
AU  - Sachse, Glen W.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
T1  - Validating the AIRS Version 5 CO Retrieval With DACOM In Situ Measurements During INTEX-A and -B.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2802
EP  - 2813
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Herein we provide a description of the atmospheric infrared sounder (AIRS) version 5 (v5) carbon monoxide (CO) retrieval algorithm and its validation with the DACOM in situ measurements during the INTEX-A and -B campaigns. All standard and support products in the AIRS v5 CO retrieval algorithm are documented. Building on prior publications, we describe the convolution of in situ measurements with the AIRS v5 CO averaging kernel and first-guess CO profile as required for proper validation. Validation is accomplished through comparison of AIRS CO retrievals with convolved in situ CO profiles acquired during the NASA Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiments (INTEX) in 2004 and 2006. From 143 profiles in the northern mid-latitudes during these two experiments, we find AIRS v5 CO retrievals are biased high by 6%–10% between 900 and 300 hPa with a root-mean-square error of 8%–12%. No significant differences were found between validation using spiral profiles coincident with AIRS overpasses and in-transit profiles under the satellite track but up to 13 h off in time. Similarly, no significant differences in validation results were found for ocean versus land, day versus night, or with respect to retrieved cloud top pressure or cloud fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - SPIRALS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Carbon monoxide (CO)
KW  - Clouds
KW  - infrared measurements
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Kernel
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellite validation
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Spirals
KW  - Surface topography
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 62026789; McMillan, W. W. 1 Evans, Keith D. 2 Barnet, Christopher D. 3 Maddy, Eric S. 4 Sachse, Glen W. 5 Diskin, Glenn S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  2: UMBC/JCET, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  3: National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), Camp Springs, USA  4: Dell, Inc., Round Rock, USA  5: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 49 Issue 7, p2802; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: SPIRALS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide (CO); Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kernel; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spirals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface topography; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2106505
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62026789&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Bhat, Chandan
AU  - Hande, Madhura
AU  - More, Vikrant
AU  - Vaidya, Rahul
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Prognostication of Residual Life and Latent Damage Assessment in Lead-Free Electronics Under Thermomechanical Loads.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 58
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2605
EP  - 2616
SN  - 02780046
AB  - Requirements for system availability for ultrahigh reliability electronic systems such as airborne and space electronic systems are driving the need for advanced health monitoring techniques for the early detection of the onset of damage. Aerospace electronic systems usually face a very harsh environment, requiring them to survive the high strain rates, e.g., during launch and reentry, and thermal environments, including extremely low and high temperatures. Traditional health monitoring methodologies have relied on reactive methods of failure detection often providing little or no insight into the remaining useful life of the system. In this paper, a mathematical approach for the interrogation of the system state under cyclic thermomechanical stresses has been developed for six different lead-free solder alloy systems. Data have been collected for leading indicators of failure for alloy systems, including \Sn3\Ag0.5\Cu, \Sn0.3\Ag0.7\Cu, \Sn1\Ag0.5\Cu, \Sn0.3\Ag0.5\Cu0.1\Bi, \Sn0.2\Ag0.5\Cu0.1\Bi0.1\Ni, and 96.5\Sn3.5\Ag second-level interconnects under the application of cyclic thermomechanical loads. The methodology presented resides in the prefailure space of the system in which no macroindicators such as cracks or delamination exist. Systems subjected to thermomechanical damage have been interrogated for the system state and the computed damage state correlated with the known imposed damage. The approach involves the use of condition monitoring devices which can be interrogated for damage proxies at finite time intervals. The interrogation techniques are based on the derivation of damage proxies and system prior-damage-based nonlinear least square methods, including the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm. The system's residual life is computed based on residual-life computation algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - LEAD
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Aerospace electronics
KW  - Assembly
KW  - Equations
KW  - Health monitoring
KW  - leading indicators of failure
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - Metals
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - prognostics
KW  - solder joint reliability
KW  - Thermomechanical processes
N1  - Accession Number: 61254923; Lall, Pradeep 1 Bhat, Chandan 2 Hande, Madhura 3 More, Vikrant 1 Vaidya, Rahul 1 Goebel, Kai 4; Affiliation:  1: National Science Foundation Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  2: Cree, Inc., Durham, NC, USA  3: Intel Corporation, Schaumburg, IL, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field , CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 58 Issue 7, p2605; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: LEAD; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: leading indicators of failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: solder joint reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermomechanical processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIE.2010.2089936
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=61254923&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu Li
AU  - Shields, Elwood
AU  - Geiselhart, Karl
T1  - Mixed-Fidelity Approach for Design of Low-Boom Supersonic Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1135
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper documents a mixed-fidelity approach for the design of low-boom supersonic aircraft with a focus on fuselage shaping. A low-boom configuration that is based on low-fidelity analysis is used as the baseline. The fuselage shape is modified iteratively to obtain a configuration with an equivalent-area distribution derived from computational fluid dynamics analysis that attempts to match a predetermined low-boom target area distribution and also yields a low-boom ground signature. The ground signature of the final configuration is calculated by using a state-of-the-art computational-fluid-dynamics-based boom analysis method that generates accurate midfield pressure distributions for propagation to the ground with ray tracing. The ground signature that is propagated from a midfield pressure distribution has a shaped ramp front, which is similar to the ground signature that is propagated from the computational fluid dynamics equivalent-area distribution. This result supports the validity of low-boom supersonic configuration design by matching a low-boom equivalent-area target, which is easier to accomplish than matching a low-boom midfield pressure target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 65789589; Wu Li 1 Shields, Elwood 2 Geiselhart, Karl 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Alliant Techsystems, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p1131; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C000228
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65789589&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slemp, Wesley C. H.
AU  - Bird, R. Keith
AU  - Kapania, Rakesh K.
AU  - Havens, David
AU  - Norris, Ashley
AU  - Olliffe, Robert
T1  - Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of Integrally Stiffened AI-7050 Panel with Curved Stiffeners.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1163
EP  - 1175
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A curvilinear stiffened panel was designed, manufactured, and tested at NASA Langley Research Center in the combined load test fixture. The panel was optimized for minimum mass subjected to constraints on buckling load, yielding, and crippling or local stiffener failure, using a new analysis tool named EBF3PanelOpt. The panel was designed for a combined compression-shear loading configuration, which is a realistic load case for a typical aircraft wing panel. The panel was loaded beyond buckling and strains, and out-of-plane displacements were extracted from a total of 32 strain gages and 5 linear variable displacement transducers. A digital photogrammetic system was used to obtain full-field displacements/strains in the lower half of the stiffened side of the panel. The experimental data were compared with the strains and out-of-plane deflections from a high-fidelity nonlinear finite element analysis. The experimental data were also compared with linear elastic finite element results of the panel/test fixture assembly. The numerical results indicated that the panel buckled at the linearly elastic buckling eigenvalue predicted by the panel/test fixture assembly. The out-of-plane displacement measured by the digital photogrammetic system compared well both qualitatively and quantitatively with the nonlinear finite element solution in the postbuckling regime. Furthermore, the experimental strains compared well with both the linear and nonlinear finite element model before buckling. For the postbuckling regime, the nonlinear model compared well at some locations and poorly at others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - EIGENVALUES
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 65789592; Slemp, Wesley C. H. 1 Bird, R. Keith 2 Kapania, Rakesh K. 1 Havens, David 3 Norris, Ashley 3 Olliffe, Robert 3; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Marietta, Georgia 30063; Source Info: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p1163; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: EIGENVALUES; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031118
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suhir, Ephraim
AU  - Mogford, Richard H.
T1  - Two Men in a Cockpit: Casualty Likelihood if One Pilot Becomes Incapacitated.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1309
EP  - 1314
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A double-exponential probability distribution function of the extreme-value-distribution type is introduced to quantify the likelihood of a human's failure to perform his/her duties when operating a vehicle: an aircraft, a spacecraft, a boat, a helicopter, a car, etc. As a possible illustration of the general concept, a situation is considered when two pilots operate an aircraft in an ordinary (normal, routine) fashion that abruptly changes to an extraordinary (offnormal, hazardous) one if one of the pilots becomes incapacitated for one reason or another. Such a mishap is referred to as an accident. Because of the accident, the other pilot, the pilot in charge, might have to cope with a higher mental workload. A fatal casualty will occur if both pilots become unable to perform their duties. Although this circumstance will eventually manifest itself only during landing, in order to assess the probability of the potential casualty, an en route situation (i.e., a situation that precedes descending and landing) is nonetheless considered. This probability depends on the capability of the pilot in charge to successfully cope with the increased mental workload. We determine the probability of a casualty as a function of the actual mental-workload level and the level of the human-capacity factor. The total flight time and the time after the accident are treated in the analysis as nonrandom parameters. The suggested mental-workload/human-capacity-factor model and its generalizations, after appropriate sensitivity analyses are carried out, can be helpful when developing guidelines for personnel training, when choosing the appropriate flight simulation conditions, and/or when there is a need to decide if the existing level of automation and the navigation instrumentation and equipment are adequate to cope with extraordinary (offnormal) situations. If not, additional and/or more advanced instrumentation and equipment should be considered, developed, and installed. Plenty of additional risk analyses and human-psychology-related effort will be needed, of course, to make the guidelines based on the suggested probabilistic risk-management extreme-value-distribution model practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - MENTAL work
KW  - DISABILITIES
N1  - Accession Number: 65789608; Suhir, Ephraim 1 Mogford, Richard H. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064-1077  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p1309; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: MENTAL work; Subject Term: DISABILITIES; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031263
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
AU  - Ellingson, Robert G.
AU  - Ming Cai
T1  - Seasonal Variations of Climate Feedbacks in the NCAR CCSM3.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 24
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3433
EP  - 3444
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - This study investigates the annual cycle of radiative contributions to global climate feedbacks. A partial radiative perturbation (PRP) technique is used to diagnose monthly radiative perturbations at the top of atmosphere (TOA) due to CO2 forcing; surface temperature response; and water vapor, cloud, lapse rate, and surface albedo feedbacks using NCAR Community Climate System Model, version 3 (CCSM3) output from a Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B emissions-scenario-forced climate simulation. The seasonal global mean longwave TOA radiative feedback was found to be minimal. However, the global mean shortwave (SW) TOA cloud and surface albedo radiative perturbations exhibit large seasonality. The largest contributions to the negative SW cloud feedback occur during summer in each hemisphere, marking the largest differences with previous results. Results suggest that intermodel spread in climate sensitivity may occur, partially from cloud and surface albedo feedback seasonality differences. Further, links between the climate feedback and surface temperature response seasonality are investigated, showing a strong relationship between the seasonal climate feedback distribution and the seasonal surface temperature response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - PERIODICITY in meteorology
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Feedback
KW  - Forcing
KW  - General circulation model
KW  - Seasonal variability
KW  - NATIONAL Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 62522966; Taylor, Patrick C. 1 Ellingson, Robert G. 2 Ming Cai 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 24 Issue 13, p3433; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: PERIODICITY in meteorology; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: General circulation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasonal variability; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.); Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2011JCLI3862.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tartabini, Paul V.
AU  - Roithmayr, Carlos M.
AU  - Toniolo, Matthew D.
AU  - Karlgaard, Christopher D.
AU  - Pamadi, Bandu N.
T1  - Modeling Multibody Stage Separation Dynamics Using Constraint Force Equation Methodology.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 573
EP  - 583
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper discusses the application of the constraint force equation methodology and its implementation for multibody separation problems using three specially designed test cases. The first test case involves two rigid bodies connected by a fixed joint, the second case involves two rigid bodies connected with a universal joint, and the third test case is that of Mach 7 separation of the X-43A vehicle. For the first two cases, the solutions obtained using the constraint force equation method compare well with those obtained using industry-standard benchmark codes. For the X-43A case, the constraint force equation solutions show reasonable agreement with the flight-test data. Use of the constraint force equation method facilitates the analysis of stage separation in end-to-end simulations of launch vehicle trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - VECTOR analysis
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
N1  - Accession Number: 65055538; Tartabini, Paul V. 1 Roithmayr, Carlos M. 1 Toniolo, Matthew D. 2 Karlgaard, Christopher D. 2 Pamadi, Bandu N. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p573; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: VECTOR analysis; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.51943
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru
T1  - Large-Scale Computations for Stability Analysis of Launch Vehicles Using Cluster Computers.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/07//Jul/Aug2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 584
EP  - 588
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A procedure is developed to generate a large aerodynamic database suitable for the static stability analysis of launch vehicles in the transonic regime by using the Navier-Stokes equations. Effects of structural deformations are also included using modal representation. It is shown that a large number of cases suitable for design can be computed within practical time limitations by using efficient protocols suitable for massively parallel computations on superclusters. Results are validated with wind-tunnel measurements that show good comparisons within the limits of the model size. Massive computations on superclusters reveal important observations, such as higher modes having pronounced effects near transonic regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 65055539; Guruswamy, Guru 1; Email Address: guru.p.guruswamy@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul/Aug2011, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p584; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.51264
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Serra, Jessica L.
T1  - Oxidation of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Silicon Carbide Matrix Composites at Reduced Oxygen Partial Pressures.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 94
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2185
EP  - 2192
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Carbon fibers (Polyacrylonitrile-derived T-300) and T-300 carbon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites (C/SiC) were oxidized in flowing 0.1 MPa reduced oxygen partial pressure environments (50% O2, 5% O2, 0.5% O2, and 0.1% O2 in argon). Experiments were conducted at temperatures of 816°, 1149°, 1343°, and 1538°C. The oxidation kinetics were monitored using thermogravimetric analysis. T-300 fibers were completely oxidized for times between 0.6 and 325 h. C/SiC coupons were oxidized for either 25 or 100 h. Fiber oxidation rates had an oxygen partial pressure dependence with a power-law exponent close to one but were only weakly dependent on temperature. Fiber oxidation kinetics were consistent with gas-phase diffusion control at these temperatures. The C/SiC coupon oxidation kinetics showed some variability, attributed to differences in the number and width of cracks in the SiC seal coat. Oxidation of the carbon fibers dominated the coupon oxidation behavior. For C/SiC coupons, low temperatures and high oxygen pressures resulted in the most rapid consumption of the carbon fibers. At higher temperatures, the lower oxidation rates were attributed to crack closure due to SiC thermal expansion, rather than oxidation of SiC. At the highest temperature and lowest oxygen partial pressure, active oxidation of SiC was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - OXIDATION-reduction reaction
KW  - ACTIVE oxygen
N1  - Accession Number: 62953174; Opila, Elizabeth J. 1 Serra, Jessica L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 94 Issue 7, p2185; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Subject Term: ACTIVE oxygen; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2010.04376.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Southworth, John
AU  - Zima, W.
AU  - Aerts, C.
AU  - Bruntt, H.
AU  - Lehmann, H.
AU  - Kim, S.-L.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Pavlovski, K.
AU  - Prša, A.
AU  - Smalley, B.
AU  - Gilliland, R. L.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Cote, M. T.
AU  - Tenenbaum, P.
AU  - Twicken, J. D.
T1  - Kepler photometry of KIC 10661783: a binary star with total eclipses and δ Scuti pulsations.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 414
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2413
EP  - 2423
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present Kepler satellite photometry of KIC 10661783, a short-period binary star system which shows total eclipses and multiperiodic δ Scuti pulsations. A frequency analysis of the eclipse-subtracted light curve reveals at least 68 frequencies, of which 55 or more can be attributed to pulsation modes. The main limitation on this analysis is the frequency resolution within the 27-d short-cadence light curve. Most of the variability signal lies in the frequency range 18-31 d, with amplitudes between 0.1 and 4 mmag. One harmonic term (2 f) and a few combination frequencies ( f+ f) have been detected. From a plot of the residuals versus orbital phase, we assign the pulsations to the primary star in the system. The pulsations were removed from the short-cadence data and the light curve was modelled using the Wilson-Devinney code. We are unable to get a perfect fit due to the residual effects of pulsations and also to the treatment of reflection and reprocessing in the light-curve model. A model where the secondary star fills its Roche lobe is favoured, which means that KIC 10661783 can be classified as an oEA system. Further photometric and spectroscopic observations will allow the masses and radii of the two stars to be measured to high precision and hundreds of δ Scuti pulsation frequencies to be resolved. This could lead to unique constraints on theoretical models of δ Scuti stars, if the evolutionary history of KIC 10661783 can be accounted for. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
N1  - Accession Number: 61378834; Southworth, John 1 Zima, W. 2 Aerts, C. 2,3 Bruntt, H. 4 Lehmann, H. 5 Kim, S.-L. 6 Kurtz, D. W. 7 Pavlovski, K. 1,8 Prša, A. 9 Smalley, B. 1 Gilliland, R. L. 10 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 4 Kawaler, S. D. 11 Kjeldsen, H. 4 Cote, M. T. 12 Tenenbaum, P. 12,13 Twicken, J. D. 12,13; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  2: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  3: MAPP, Department of Astrophysics, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  5: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, 7778 Tautenburg, Germany  6: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, South Korea  7: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  8: Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia  9: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085, USA  10: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  12: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 414 Issue 3, p2413; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18559.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Gilliland, R. L.
AU  - Elsworth, Y.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Ibrahim, K. A.
AU  - Klaus, T. C.
AU  - Li, J.
T1  - Characterization of red giant stars in the public Kepler data.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 414
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2594
EP  - 2601
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The first public release of long-cadence stellar photometric data collected by the NASA Kepler mission has now been made available. In this paper, we characterize the red giant (G-K) stars in this large sample in terms of their solar-like oscillations. We use published methods and well-known scaling relations in the analysis. Just over 70 per cent of the red giants in the sample show detectable solar-like oscillations, and from these oscillations we are able to estimate the fundamental properties of the stars. This asteroseismic analysis reveals different populations: low-luminosity H-shell burning red giant branch stars, cool high-luminosity red giants on the red giant branch and He-core burning clump and secondary-clump giants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED giants
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 61378786; Hekker, S. 1,2 Gilliland, R. L. 3 Elsworth, Y. 2 Chaplin, W. J. 2 De Ridder, J. 4 Stello, D. 5 Kallinger, T. 6,7 Ibrahim, K. A. 8 Klaus, T. C. 8 Li, J. 9; Affiliation:  1: Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands  2: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  5: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Colombia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  7: Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  8: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 414 Issue 3, p2594; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18574.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
T1  - RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF THE GENERALIZED ACOUSTIC ANALOGY TO JET NOISE PREDICTION.
JO  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
JF  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
Y1  - 2011/07//
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 184
SN  - 00290974
AB  - The Generalized Acoustic Analogy provides a logical framework for the prediction of aerodynamically generated sound. This paper reviews some recent developments in the use of this analogy for the prediction of noise from high speed air jets. Other approaches to jet noise prediction are not discussed. Recent advances in accounting for non-parallel mean flow and temperature effects are described. The results suggest that the former effect is more important than previously believed. They also suggest that previously neglected coupling between momentum flux and enthalpy flux fluctuations can be an important source of noise in high Mach number heated jets. Some recent improvements in acoustic source modelling are also summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Noise & Vibration Bulletin is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - JET planes -- Noise
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - ENTHALPY
N1  - Accession Number: 66164535; Goldstein, M. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland OH, 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, p184; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ash, Robert L.
AU  - Zardadkhan, Irfan
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
T1  - The influence of pressure relaxation on the structure of an axial vortex.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 23
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 073101
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Governing equations including the effects of pressure relaxation have been utilized to study an incompressible, steady-state viscous axial vortex with specified far-field circulation. When sound generation is attributed to a velocity gradient tensor-pressure gradient product, the modified conservation of momentum equations that result yield an exact solution for a steady, incompressible axial vortex. The vortex velocity profile has been shown to closely approximate experimental vortex measurements in air and water over a wide range of circulation-based Reynolds numbers. The influence of temperature and humidity on the pressure relaxation coefficient in air has been examined using theoretical and empirical approaches, and published axial vortex experiments have been employed to estimate the pressure relaxation coefficient in water. Non-equilibrium pressure gradient forces have been shown to balance the viscous stresses in the vortex core region, and the predicted pressure deficits that result from this non-equilibrium balance can be substantially larger than the pressure deficits predicted using a Bernoulli equation approach. Previously reported pressure deficit distributions for dust devils and tornados have been employed to validate the non-equilibrium pressure deficit predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - WATER
KW  - AIR
N1  - Accession Number: 63501934; Ash, Robert L. 1 Zardadkhan, Irfan 1 Zuckerwar, Allan J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 23 Issue 7, p073101; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: AIR; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3609270
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=63501934&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilliam, Ashley E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Titan under a red dwarf star and as a rogue planet: requirements for liquid methane
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 835
EP  - 839
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Titan has a surface temperature of 94K and a surface pressure of 1.4 atmospheres. These conditions make it possible for liquid methane solutions to be present on the surface. Here, we consider how Titan could have liquid methane while orbiting around an M4 red dwarf star, and a special case of Titan orbiting the red dwarf star Gliese 581. Because light from a red dwarf star has a higher fraction of infrared than the Sun, more of the starlight will reach the surface of Titan because its atmospheric haze is more transparent to infrared wavelengths. If Titan was placed at a distance from a red dwarf star such that it received the same average flux as it receives from the Sun, we calculate the increased infrared fraction, which will warm surface temperatures by an additional ∼10K. Compared to the Sun, red dwarf stars have less blackbody ultraviolet light but can have more Lyman α and particle radiation associated with flares. Thus depending on the details, the haze production may be much higher or much lower than for the current Titan. With the haze reduced by a factor of 100, Titan would have a surface temperature of 94K at a distance of 0.23AU from an M4 star and at a distance of 1.66AU, for Gliese 581. If the haze is increased by a factor of 100 the distances become 0.08 and 0.6AU for the M4-star and Gliese 581, respectively. As a rogue planet, with no incident stellar flux, Titan would need 1.6W/m2 of geothermal heat to maintain its current surface temperature, or an atmospheric opacity of 20× its present amount with 0.1W/m2 of geothermal heat. Thus Titan-like worlds beyond our solar system may provide environment supporting surface liquid methane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED dwarf stars
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - LIQUID methane
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SUN
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Gliese 581
KW  - Habitability
KW  - Liquid methane
KW  - Red dwarf stars
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 61176432; Gilliam, Ashley E. 1,2; Email Address: agilliam@ucsc.edu McKay, Christopher P. 2; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, United States  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 59 Issue 9, p835; Subject Term: RED dwarf stars; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: LIQUID methane; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gliese 581; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Red dwarf stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.03.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SENGUPTA, SUJAN
AU  - MARLEY, MARK
T1  - Multiple scattering polarization - Application of Chandrasekhar's formalisms to the atmosphere of brown dwarfs and extrasolar planets.
JO  - Pramana: Journal of Physics
JF  - Pramana: Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 77
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 168
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 03044289
AB  - Chandrasekhar's formalisms for the transfer of polarized radiation are used to explain the observed dust scattering polarization of brown dwarfs in the optical band. Model polarization profiles for hot and young directly imaged extrasolar planets are presented with specific prediction of the degree of polarization in the infrared. The model invokes Chandrasekhar's formalism for the rotation-induced oblateness of the objects that gives rise to the necessary asymmetry for yielding net non-zero disk integrated linear polarization. The observed optical polarization constrains the surface gravity and could be a tool to estimate the mass of extrasolar planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Pramana: Journal of Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIPLE scattering (Physics)
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - 97.10.Ex
KW  - atmosphere
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - extrasolar planets
KW  - polarization
KW  - Scattering
KW  - CHANDRASEKHAR, S. (Subrahmanyan), 1910-1995
N1  - Accession Number: 63995570; SENGUPTA, SUJAN 1; Email Address: sujan@iiap.res.in MARLEY, MARK 2; Affiliation:  1: Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala 2nd Block Bangalore 560 034 India  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 77 Issue 1, p157; Subject Term: MULTIPLE scattering (Physics); Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: 97.10.Ex; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; People: CHANDRASEKHAR, S. (Subrahmanyan), 1910-1995; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s12043-011-0125-0
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=63995570&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Thompson, Gregory
AU  - Morrison, Hugh
AU  - Bansemer, Aaron
AU  - Rasmussen, Roy M.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Zhien Wang
AU  - Damao Zhang
T1  - Formation and Spread of Aircraft-Induced Holes in Clouds.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/07//7/1/2011
VL  - 333
IS  - 6038
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 81
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Hole-punch and canal clouds have been observed for more than 50 years, but the mechanisms of formation, development, duration, and thus the extent of their effect have largely been ignored. The holes have been associated with inadvertent seeding of clouds with ice particles generated by aircraft, produced through spontaneous freezing of cloud droplets in air cooled as it flows around aircraft propeller tips or over jet aircraft wings. Model simulations indicate that the growth of the ice particles can induce vertical motions with a duration of 1 hour or more, a process that expands the holes and canals in clouds. Global effects are minimal, but regionally near major airports, additional precipitation can be induced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - RAIN-making
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Environmental aspects
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology) -- Measurement
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 63540698; Heymsfield, Andrew J. 1; Email Address: heyms1@ncar.ucar.edu Thompson, Gregory 1 Morrison, Hugh 1 Bansemer, Aaron 1 Rasmussen, Roy M. 1 Minnis, Patrick 2 Zhien Wang 3 Damao Zhang 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Boulder, CO 80301, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Source Info: 7/1/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6038, p77; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: RAIN-making; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology) -- Measurement; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1202851
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Monroe, J.A.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Lagoudas, D.C.
AU  - Bigelow, G.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Padula, S.
T1  - Determining recoverable and irrecoverable contributions to accumulated strain in a NiTiPd high-temperature shape memory alloy during thermomechanical cycling
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 65
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 123
EP  - 126
SN  - 13596462
AB  - When Ni29.5Ti50.5Pd30 shape memory alloy is thermally cycled under stress, significant strain can accumulate due to elasticity, remnant oriented martensite and plasticity. The strain due to remnant martensite can be recovered by further thermal cycling under 0MPa until the original transformation-induced volume change and martensite coefficient of thermal expansion are obtained. Using this technique, it was determined that the 8.15% total accumulated strain after cycling under 200MPa consisted of 0.38%, 3.97% and 3.87% for elasticity, remnant oriented martensite and creep/plasticity, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical properties
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - Coefficient of thermal expansion
KW  - Creep
KW  - High-temperature recovery
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Transformation induced plasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 60665721; Monroe, J.A. 1 Karaman, I. 1,2; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Lagoudas, D.C. 2,3 Bigelow, G. 4 Noebe, R.D. 4 Padula, S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 65 Issue 2, p123; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical properties; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coefficient of thermal expansion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature recovery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transformation induced plasticity; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.03.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=60665721&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koehne, J.E.
AU  - Stevens, R.M.
AU  - Zink, T.
AU  - Deng, Z.
AU  - Chen, H.
AU  - Weng, I.C.
AU  - Liu, F.T.
AU  - Liu, G.Y.
T1  - Using carbon nanotube probes for high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of cells
JO  - Ultramicroscopy
JF  - Ultramicroscopy
Y1  - 2011/07//
VL  - 111
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1155
EP  - 1162
SN  - 03043991
AB  - Abstract: While atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become a promising tool for visualizing membrane morphology of cells, many studies have reported the presence of artifacts such as cliffs on the edges of cells. These artifacts shield important structural features such as lamellopodia, filopodia, microvilli and membrane ridges, which represent characteristic status in signaling processes such as spreading and activation. These cliff-like edges arise from a premature contact of the probe side contact with the cell prior to the probe top apex-cell contact. Carbon nanotube (CNT) modified AFM probes were utilized to address this drawback. Using rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells, this work revealed that CNT probes diminish cliff-like artifacts and enabled visualization of entire membrane morphology and structural features in three dimensions. The high aspect ratio of CNT probes provides a very effective remedy to the cliff-like artifacts as well as tip convolution of conventional probes, which shall enhance the validity and application of AFM in cellular biology research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ultramicroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - CELL membranes
KW  - CELL morphology
KW  - LEUKEMIA
KW  - CYTOLOGY -- Research
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Deconvolution
KW  - Artifacts
KW  - Atomic force microscopy
KW  - Cells
KW  - Convolution
KW  - Deconvolution
KW  - Membrane
N1  - Accession Number: 64483742; Koehne, J.E. 1,2 Stevens, R.M. 3 Zink, T. 4 Deng, Z. 1 Chen, H. 5 Weng, I.C. 5 Liu, F.T. 5 Liu, G.Y. 1,4; Email Address: liu@chem.ucdavis.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Carbon Design Innovations, Burlingame, CA 94010, USA  4: Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA  5: Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 111 Issue 8, p1155; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: CELL membranes; Subject Term: CELL morphology; Subject Term: LEUKEMIA; Subject Term: CYTOLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Deconvolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artifacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomic force microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deconvolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Membrane; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultramic.2011.01.030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64483742&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gregory, Otto J.
AU  - Amani, Matin
AU  - Fralick, Gustave C.
T1  - Thermoelectric power factor of In2O3:Pd nanocomposite films.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2011/07/04/
VL  - 99
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 013107
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A nanocomposite exhibiting large thermoelectric powers and capable of operating at temperatures as high as 1100 °C in air was fabricated by embedding palladium nanoparticles into an indium oxide matrix via co-sputtering from metal and ceramic targets. Combinatorial chemistry techniques were used to systematically investigate the effect of palladium content in these nanocomposite films on thermoelectric response. Based on these rapid screening experiments, the thermoelectric properties of the most promising nanocomposites were evaluated as a function of post-deposition heat treatment at high temperatures. An n-type nanocomposite film was developed exhibiting a power factor of 4.5 × 10-4 W/m·K2 at 1000 °C in air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - ELECTRIC power factor
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - PALLADIUM
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - INDIUM
N1  - Accession Number: 62546990; Gregory, Otto J. 1; Email Address: gregory@egr.uri.edu Amani, Matin 1 Fralick, Gustave C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 7/4/2011, Vol. 99 Issue 1, p013107; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power factor; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: INDIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3607289
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GORTI, U.
AU  - HOLLENBACH, D.
AU  - NAJITA, J.
AU  - PASCUCCI, I.
T1  - EMISSION LINES FROM THE GAS DISK AROUND TW HYDRA AND THE ORIGIN OF THE INNER HOLE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/07/10/
VL  - 735
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We compare line emission calculated from theoretical disk models with optical to submillimeter wavelength observational data of the gas disk surrounding TW Hya and infer the spatial distribution of mass in the gas disk. The model disk that best matches observations has a gas mass ranging from ~10-4 to 10-5 M ☉ for 0.06 AU < r < 3.5 AU and ~0.06 M ☉ for 3.5 AU < r < 200 AU. We find that the inner dust hole (r < 3.5 AU) in the disk must be depleted of gas by ~1-2 orders of magnitude compared with the extrapolated surface density distribution of the outer disk. Grain growth alone is therefore not a viable explanation for the dust hole. CO vibrational emission arises within r ~ 0.5 AU from thermal excitation of gas. [O I] 6300 Å and 5577 Å forbidden lines and OH mid-infrared emission are mainly due to prompt emission following UV photodissociation of OH and water at r lsim 0.1 AU and at r ~ 4 AU. [Ne II] emission is consistent with an origin in X-ray heated neutral gas at r lsim 10 AU, and may not require the presence of a significant extreme-ultraviolet (hν > 13.6 eV) flux from TW Hya. H2 pure rotational line emission comes primarily from r ~ 1 to 30 AU. [O I] 63 μm, HCO+, and CO pure rotational lines all arise from the outer disk at r ~ 30-120 AU. We discuss planet formation and photoevaporation as causes for the decrease in surface density of gas and dust inside 4 AU. If a planet is present, our results suggest a planet mass ~4-7 MJ situated at ~3 AU. Using our photoevaporation models and the best surface density profile match to observations, we estimate a current photoevaporative mass loss rate of 4 × 10-9 M ☉ yr-1 and a remaining disk lifetime of ~5 million years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - MASS loss (Astrophysics)
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - line: formation
KW  - planet-disk interactions
KW  - protoplanetary disks
KW  - stars: individual (TW Hya)
N1  - Accession Number: 83589577; GORTI, U. 1,2 HOLLENBACH, D. 1 NAJITA, J. 3 PASCUCCI, I. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  4: Space Science Telescope Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA  5: Department of Physics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 735 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: MASS loss (Astrophysics); Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: PLANETS; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: line: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet-disk interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (TW Hya); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/735/2/90
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SKILLMAN, SAMUEL W.
AU  - HALLMAN, ERIC J.
AU  - O'SHEA, BRIAN W.
AU  - BURNS, JACK O.
AU  - SMITH, BRITTON D.
AU  - TURK, MATTHEW J.
T1  - GALAXY CLUSTER RADIO RELICS IN ADAPTIVE MESH REFINEMENT COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS: RELIC PROPERTIES AND SCALING RELATIONSHIPS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/07/10/
VL  - 735
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Cosmological shocks are a critical part of large-scale structure formation, and are responsible for heating the intracluster medium in galaxy clusters. In addition, they are capable of accelerating non-thermal electrons and protons. In this work, we focus on the acceleration of electrons at shock fronts, which is thought to be responsible for radio relics—extended radio features in the vicinity of merging galaxy clusters. By combining high-resolution adaptive mesh refinement/N-body cosmological simulations with an accurate shock-finding algorithm and a model for electron acceleration, we calculate the expected synchrotron emission resulting from cosmological structure formation. We produce synthetic radio maps of a large sample of galaxy clusters and present luminosity functions and scaling relationships. With upcoming long-wavelength radio telescopes, we expect to see an abundance of radio emission associated with merger shocks in the intracluster medium. By producing observationally motivated statistics, we provide predictions that can be compared with observations to further improve our understanding of magnetic fields and electron shock acceleration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - RADIO telescopes
KW  - THERMAL electrons
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - SYNCHROTRON radiation
KW  - cosmic rays
KW  - cosmology: theory
KW  - hydrodynamics
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
N1  - Accession Number: 83589583; SKILLMAN, SAMUEL W. 1; Email Address: samuel.skillman@colorado.edu HALLMAN, ERIC J. 1,2 O'SHEA, BRIAN W. 3,4 BURNS, JACK O. 1,5 SMITH, BRITTON D. 1,3 TURK, MATTHEW J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical & Planetary Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Institute for Theory and Computation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA  4: Lyman Briggs College and Institute for Cyber-Enabled Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA  5: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, New York, NY 10025, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 735 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: RADIO telescopes; Subject Term: THERMAL electrons; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRON radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/735/2/96
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamkar, S.J.
AU  - Wissink, A.M.
AU  - Sankaran, V.
AU  - Jameson, A.
T1  - Feature-driven Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement for vortex-dominated flows
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2011/07/10/
VL  - 230
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 6271
EP  - 6298
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: We develop locally normalized feature-detection methods to guide the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) process for Cartesian grid systems to improve the resolution of vortical features in aerodynamic wakes. The methods include: the Q-criterion , the λ 2 method , the λ  ci  method , and the λ + method . Specific attention is given to automate the feature identification process by applying a local normalization based upon the shear-strain rate so that they can be applied to a wide range of flow-fields without the need for user intervention. To validate the methods, we assess tagging efficiency and accuracy using a series of static vortex-dominated flow-fields, and use the methods to drive the AMR process for several theoretical and practical simulations. We demonstrate that the adaptive solutions provide comparable accuracy to solutions obtained on uniformly refined meshes at a fraction of the computational cost. Overall, the normalized feature detection methods are shown to be effective in driving the AMR process in an automated and efficient manner. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRIDS (Cartography)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - WAKES (Aerodynamics)
KW  - FIELD theory (Physics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Adaptive mesh refinement
KW  - Feature detection
KW  - Multi-solver strategy
KW  - Vortex-dominated flows
N1  - Accession Number: 60900859; Kamkar, S.J. 1; Email Address: skamkar@stanford.edu Wissink, A.M. 2; Email Address: andrew.m.wissink@us.army.mil Sankaran, V. 2; Email Address: vsankaran@merlin.arc.nasa.gov Jameson, A. 1; Email Address: jameson@baboon.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Durand Building, Department of Aeronautics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA  2: US Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 230 Issue 16, p6271; Subject Term: GRIDS (Cartography); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: WAKES (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive mesh refinement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feature detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-solver strategy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vortex-dominated flows; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2011.04.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Can
AU  - Hsu, N. Christina
AU  - Tsay, Si-Chee
T1  - A study on the potential applications of satellite data in air quality monitoring and forecasting
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/07/11/
VL  - 45
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 3663
EP  - 3675
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: In this study we explore the potential applications of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) -like satellite sensors in air quality research for some Asian regions. The MODIS aerosol optical thickness (AOT), NCEP global reanalysis meteorological data, and daily surface PM10 concentrations over China and Thailand from 2001 to 2009 were analyzed using simple and multiple regression models. The AOT–PM10 correlation demonstrates substantial seasonal and regional difference, likely reflecting variations in aerosol composition and atmospheric conditions. Meteorological factors, particularly relative humidity, were found to influence the AOT–PM10 relationship. Their inclusion in regression models leads to more accurate assessment of PM10 from spaceborne observations. We further introduced a simple method for employing the satellite data to empirically forecast surface particulate pollution. In general, AOT from the previous day (day 0) is used as a predicator variable, along with the forecasted meteorology for the following day (day 1), to predict the PM10 level for day 1. The contribution of regional transport is represented by backward trajectories combined with AOT. This method was evaluated through PM10 hindcasts for 2008–2009, using observations from 2005 to 2007 as a training data set to obtain model coefficients. For five big Chinese cities, over 50% of the hindcasts have percentage error ≤ 30%. Similar performance was achieved for cities in northern Thailand. The MODIS AOT data are responsible for at least part of the demonstrated forecasting skill. This method can be easily adapted for other regions, but is probably most useful for those having sparse ground monitoring networks or no access to sophisticated deterministic models. We also highlight several existing issues, including some inherent to a regression-based approach as exemplified by a case study for Beijing. Further studies will be necessary before satellite data can see more extensive applications in the operational air quality monitoring and forecasting. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR quality -- Research
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - AIR pollution forecasting
KW  - MULTIPLE regression analysis
KW  - THAILAND
KW  - CHINA
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - China
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Thailand
N1  - Accession Number: 61459627; Li, Can 1,2; Email Address: can.li@nasa.gov Hsu, N. Christina 2 Tsay, Si-Chee 2; Affiliation:  1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 45 Issue 22, p3663; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Research; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: AIR pollution forecasting; Subject Term: MULTIPLE regression analysis; Subject Term: THAILAND; Subject Term: CHINA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: China; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thailand; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.04.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baran, A. S.
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Quint, A. C.
AU  - O'Toole, S. J.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Telting, J. H.
AU  - Silvotti, R.
AU  - Charpinet, S.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Hall, J. R.
AU  - Uddin, K.
T1  - First Kepler results on compact pulsators - VII. Pulsating subdwarf B stars detected in the second half of the survey phase.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/07/11/
VL  - 414
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2871
EP  - 2884
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - BSTRACT [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - STARS -- Photographic measurements
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - STARS -- Structure
N1  - Accession Number: 62387996; Baran, A. S. 1,2 Kawaler, S. D. 1 Reed, M. D. 3 Quint, A. C. 3 O'Toole, S. J. 4 Østensen, R. H. 5 Telting, J. H. 6 Silvotti, R. 7 Charpinet, S. 8 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 9 Still, M. 10 Hall, J. R. 11 Uddin, K. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, 12 Physics Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA  2: Mt Suhora Observatory, Cracow Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland  3: Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65897, USA  4: Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia  5: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  6: Nordic Optical Telescope, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain  7: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada dell'Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  8: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 Av. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  10: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 414 Issue 4, p2871; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: STARS -- Photographic measurements; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: STARS -- Structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18486.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Baran, A.
AU  - Quint, A. C.
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - O'Toole, S. J.
AU  - Telting, J.
AU  - Charpinet, S.
AU  - Rodríguez-López, C.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Provencal, J. L.
AU  - Johnson, E. S.
AU  - Thompson, S. E.
AU  - Allen, C.
AU  - Middour, C. K.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
T1  - First Kepler results on compact pulsators - VIII. Mode identifications via period spacings in g-mode pulsating subdwarf B stars.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/07/11/
VL  - 414
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2885
EP  - 2892
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - BSTRACT [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - B stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - NONPARAMETRIC statistics -- Asymptotic theory
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 62387965; Reed, M. D. 1 Baran, A. 2,3 Quint, A. C. 1 Kawaler, S. D. 2 O'Toole, S. J. 4 Telting, J. 5 Charpinet, S. 6 Rodríguez-López, C. 7,8 Østensen, R. H. 9 Provencal, J. L. 10,11 Johnson, E. S. 2 Thompson, S. E. 12 Allen, C. 13 Middour, C. K. 13 Kjeldsen, H. 14 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 14; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, 901 S. National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  3: Suhora Observatory and Krakow Pedagogical University, ul. Podchora̧żych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland  4: Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia  5: Nordic Optical Telescope, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain  6: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 Av. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France  7: Departemento de Física Aplicada, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, 217 Sharp Lab, Newark, DE 19716, USA  9: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  10: Delaware Asteroseismic Research Center, Mt Cuba Observatory, Greenville, DE 19807, USA  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Building 1520, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 414 Issue 4, p2885; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: B stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: NONPARAMETRIC statistics -- Asymptotic theory; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18532.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burningham, Ben
AU  - Leggett, S. K.
AU  - Homeier, D.
AU  - Saumon, D.
AU  - Lucas, P. W.
AU  - Pinfield, D. J.
AU  - Tinney, C. G.
AU  - Allard, F.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Jones, H. R. A.
AU  - Murray, D. N.
AU  - Ishii, M.
AU  - Day-Jones, A.
AU  - Gomes, J.
AU  - Zhang, Z. H.
T1  - The properties of the T8.5p dwarf Ross 458C.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/07/11/
VL  - 414
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3590
EP  - 3598
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - BSTRACT [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - STARS -- Photographic measurements
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - STARS -- Age
KW  - LOW mass stars
N1  - Accession Number: 62387969; Burningham, Ben 1 Leggett, S. K. 2 Homeier, D. 3 Saumon, D. 4 Lucas, P. W. 1 Pinfield, D. J. 1 Tinney, C. G. 5 Allard, F. 6 Marley, M. S. 7 Jones, H. R. A. 1 Murray, D. N. 1 Ishii, M. 8 Day-Jones, A. 9 Gomes, J. 1 Zhang, Z. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB  2: Gemini Observatory, 670 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, PO Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  4: Institut fur Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universitat, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Gottingen, Germany  5: School of Physics, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia  6: CRAL (UMR 5574 CNRS), Ecole Normale Superieure, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Subaru Telescope, 650 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  9: Universidad de Chile, Camino el Observatorio # 1515, Santiago, Chile, Casilla 36-D; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 414 Issue 4, p3590; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: STARS -- Photographic measurements; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: STARS -- Age; Subject Term: LOW mass stars; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18664.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Actis, Paolo
AU  - Rogers, Adam
AU  - Nivala, Jeff
AU  - Vilozny, Boaz
AU  - Seger, R. Adam
AU  - Jejelowo, Olufisayo
AU  - Pourmand, Nader
T1  - Reversible thrombin detection by aptamer functionalized STING sensors
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2011/07/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4503
EP  - 4507
SN  - 09565663
AB  - Abstract: Signal Transduction by Ion NanoGating (STING) is a label-free technology based on functionalized quartz nanopipettes. The nanopipette pore can be decorated with a variety of recognition elements and the molecular interaction is transduced via a simple electrochemical system. A STING sensor can be easily and reproducibly fabricated and tailored at the bench starting from inexpensive quartz capillaries. The analytical application of this new biosensing platform, however, was limited due to the difficult correlation between the measured ionic current and the analyte concentration in solution. Here we show that STING sensors functionalized with aptamers allow the quantitative detection of thrombin. The binding of thrombin generates a signal that can be directly correlated to its concentration in the bulk solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THROMBIN
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - MOLECULE-molecule collisions
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - QUANTITATIVE chemical analysis
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - MOLECULAR recognition
KW  - Aptamer
KW  - Label-free
KW  - Nanopipette
KW  - Nanopore
KW  - STING
KW  - Thrombin
N1  - Accession Number: 61487373; Actis, Paolo 1,2,3 Rogers, Adam 1 Nivala, Jeff 1 Vilozny, Boaz 1,3 Seger, R. Adam 1,3 Jejelowo, Olufisayo 2 Pourmand, Nader 1,3; Email Address: pourmand@soe.ucsc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, TX 77004, USA  3: Advanced Studies Laboratories, UC Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p4503; Subject Term: THROMBIN; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: MOLECULE-molecule collisions; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE chemical analysis; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: MOLECULAR recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aptamer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Label-free; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanopipette; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanopore; Author-Supplied Keyword: STING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thrombin; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thiruppathiraja, Chinnasamy
AU  - Kamatchiammal, Senthilkumar
AU  - Adaikkappan, Periyakaruppan
AU  - Alagar, Muthukaruppan
T1  - An advanced dual labeled gold nanoparticles probe to detect Cryptosporidium parvum using rapid immuno-dot blot assay
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2011/07/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4624
EP  - 4627
SN  - 09565663
AB  - Abstract: The zoonotic protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum poses a significant risk to public health. Due to the low infectious dose of C. parvum, remarkably sensitive detection methods are required for water and food industries analysis. However PCR affirmed sensing method of the causative nucleic acid has numerous advantages, still criterion demands for simple techniques and expertise understanding to extinguish its routine use. In contrast, protein based immuno detecting techniques are simpler to perform by a commoner, but lack of sensitivity due to inadequate signal amplification. In this paper, we focused on the development of a mere sensitive immuno detection method by coupling anti-cyst antibody and alkaline phosphatase on gold nanoparticle for C. parvum is described. Outcome of the sensitivity in an immuno-dot blot assay detection is enhanced by 500 fold (using conventional method) and visually be able to detect up to 10 oocysts/mL with minimal processing period. Techniques reported in this paper substantiate the convenience of immuno-dot blot assay for the routine screening of C. parvum in water/environmental examines and most importantly, demonstrates the potential of a prototype development of simple and inexpensive diagnostic technique. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLOIDAL gold
KW  - CRYPTOSPORIDIUM parvum
KW  - IMMUNOASSAY
KW  - PUBLIC health
KW  - FOOD industry
KW  - IMMUNOGLOBULINS
KW  - ALKALINE phosphatase
KW  - DRINKING water
KW  - Alkaline phosphatase
KW  - Antibody
KW  - Cryptosporidium parvum
KW  - Drinking water
KW  - Gold nanoparticles
KW  - Immuno-dot blot assay
N1  - Accession Number: 61487346; Thiruppathiraja, Chinnasamy 1 Kamatchiammal, Senthilkumar 2 Adaikkappan, Periyakaruppan 3 Alagar, Muthukaruppan 1; Email Address: mkalagar@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: Nanocomposites Research group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, TN 600025, India  2: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Chennai Zonal Laboratory, Chennai, TN 600113, India  3: Center for Nano-science and Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 26 Issue 11, p4624; Subject Term: COLLOIDAL gold; Subject Term: CRYPTOSPORIDIUM parvum; Subject Term: IMMUNOASSAY; Subject Term: PUBLIC health; Subject Term: FOOD industry; Subject Term: IMMUNOGLOBULINS; Subject Term: ALKALINE phosphatase; Subject Term: DRINKING water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkaline phosphatase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antibody; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryptosporidium parvum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drinking water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immuno-dot blot assay; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311999 All Other Miscellaneous Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311991 Perishable Prepared Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 525120 Health and Welfare Funds; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bios.2011.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chuong, Monica C.
AU  - Prasad, Dev
AU  - LeDuc, Barbara
AU  - Du, Brian
AU  - Putcha, Lakshmi
T1  - Stability of vitamin B complex in multivitamin and multimineral supplement tablets after space flight
JO  - Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis
JF  - Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis
Y1  - 2011/07/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1197
EP  - 1200
SN  - 07317085
AB  - Abstract: The effect of storage in space on the stability of vitamin B complex in two commercial vitamin tablets was examined. Multiple vitamin samples returned after storage on the space shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) along with two ground control and three positive control groups were included in the study. Content of vitamin B3 in the tablets and in vitro dissolution rate were determined using a modified high performance liquid chromatographic assay from USP/NF 2010. Results indicate that vitamin B3 in one of the brands tested (#2) may be subject to marginal degradation after storage on ISS for 4 months as indicated by the chromatograms for all six tablets showing a split peak appearing as a notch at the peak tip. Chromatograms were not different for ground and flight samples for Brand #1 suggesting that this may be more suitable for use in space. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Analysis is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VITAMIN B complex
KW  - TABLETS (Medicine)
KW  - DRUGS -- Storage
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - CLINICAL drug trials
KW  - CONTROL groups (Research)
KW  - HIGH performance liquid chromatography
KW  - CHROMATOGRAMS
KW  - High performance liquid chromatography
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - Pharmaceutical stability
KW  - Vitamin B complex
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 60788045; Chuong, Monica C. 1; Email Address: chuongmc@yahoo.com Prasad, Dev 1 LeDuc, Barbara 1 Du, Brian 2 Putcha, Lakshmi 2; Affiliation:  1: Pharmaceutical Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 179 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 55 Issue 5, p1197; Subject Term: VITAMIN B complex; Subject Term: TABLETS (Medicine); Subject Term: DRUGS -- Storage; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: CLINICAL drug trials; Subject Term: CONTROL groups (Research); Subject Term: HIGH performance liquid chromatography; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: High performance liquid chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pharmaceutical stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vitamin B complex; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sasai, Takahiro
AU  - Saigusa, Nobuko
AU  - Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida
AU  - Ito, Akihiko
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
AU  - Hirata, Ryuichi
AU  - Ichii, Kazuhito
AU  - Takagi, Kentaro
AU  - Saitoh, Taku M.
AU  - Ohta, Takeshi
AU  - Murakami, Kazutaka
AU  - Yamaguchi, Yasushi
AU  - Oikawa, Takehisa
T1  - Satellite-driven estimation of terrestrial carbon flux over Far East Asia with 1-km grid resolution
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/07/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1758
EP  - 1771
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The terrestrial carbon cycle is strongly affected by natural phenomena, terrain heterogeneity, and human-induced activities that alter carbon exchange via vegetation and soil activities. In order to accurately understand terrestrial carbon cycle mechanisms, it is necessary to estimate spatial and temporal variations in carbon flux and storage using process-based models with the highest possible resolution. We estimated terrestrial carbon fluxes using a biosphere model integrating eco-physiological and mechanistic approaches based on satellite data (BEAMS) and observations with 1-km grid resolution. The study area is the central Far East Asia region, which lies between 30° and 50° north latitude and 125° and 150° east longitude. Aiming to simulate terrestrial carbon exchanges under realistic land surface conditions, we used as many satellite-observation datasets as possible, such as the standard MODIS, TRMM, and SRTM high-level land products. Validated using gross primary productivity (GPP), net ecosystem production (NEP), net radiation and latent heat with ground measurements at six flux sites, the model estimations showed reasonable seasonal and annual patterns. In extensive analysis, the total GPP and NPP were determined to be 2.1 and 0.9PgC/year, respectively. The total NEP estimation was +5.6TgC/year, meaning that the land area played a role as a carbon sink from 2001 to 2006. In analyses of areas with complicated topography, the 1-km grid estimation could prove to be effective in evaluating the effect of landscape on the terrestrial carbon cycle. The method presented here is an appropriate approach for gaining a better understanding of terrestrial carbon exchange, both spatially and temporally. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - RESOLUTION (Optics)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - ECOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry)
KW  - EAST Asia
KW  - BEAMS
KW  - Biosphere model
KW  - Gross primary production
KW  - Net ecosystem production
KW  - Net primary production
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Terrestrial carbon cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 60042480; Sasai, Takahiro 1; Email Address: sasai@nagoya-u.jp Saigusa, Nobuko 2 Nasahara, Kenlo Nishida 3 Ito, Akihiko 2 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 4,5 Nemani, Ramakrishna 5 Hirata, Ryuichi 6 Ichii, Kazuhito 7 Takagi, Kentaro 8 Saitoh, Taku M. 9 Ohta, Takeshi 10 Murakami, Kazutaka 3 Yamaguchi, Yasushi 1 Oikawa, Takehisa 3; Affiliation:  1: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan  2: Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan  3: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan  4: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan  7: Faculty of Symbiotic Systems Science, Fukushima University, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan  8: Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Horonobe 098-2943, Japan  9: River Basin Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan  10: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 115 Issue 7, p1758; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Optics); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: ECOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry); Subject Term: EAST Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: BEAMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosphere model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net ecosystem production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial carbon cycle; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BORUCKI, WILLIAM J.
AU  - KOCH, DAVID G.
AU  - BASRI, GIBOR
AU  - BATALHA, NATALIE
AU  - BROWN, TIMOTHY M.
AU  - BRYSON, STEPHEN T.
AU  - CALDWELL, DOUGLAS
AU  - CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, JØRGEN
AU  - COCHRAN, WILLIAM D.
AU  - DEVORE, EDNA
AU  - DUNHAM, EDWARD W.
AU  - GAUTIER III, THOMAS N.
AU  - GEARY, JOHN C.
AU  - GILLILAND, RONALD
AU  - GOULD, ALAN
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - JENKINS, JON M.
AU  - LATHAM, DAVID W.
AU  - LISSAUER, JACK J.
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
T1  - CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANETARY CANDIDATES OBSERVED BY KEPLER. II. ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/07/20/
VL  - 736
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - On 2011 February 1 the Kepler mission released data for 156,453 stars observed from the beginning of the science observations on 2009 May 2 through September 16. There are 1235 planetary candidates with transit-like signatures detected in this period. These are associated with 997 host stars. Distributions of the characteristics of the planetary candidates are separated into five class sizes: 68 candidates of approximately Earth-size (Rp < 1.25 R⊕), 288 super-Earth-size (1.25R⊕ ≤ Rp < 2R⊕), 662 Neptune-size (2R⊕ ≤ Rp < 6R⊕), 165 Jupiter-size (6R⊕ ≤ Rp < 15R⊕), and 19 up to twice the size of Jupiter (15 R⊕ ≤ Rp < 22 R⊕). In the temperature range appropriate for the habitable zone, 54 candidates are found with sizes ranging from Earth-size to larger than that of Jupiter. Six are less than twice the size of the Earth. Over 74% of the planetary candidates are smaller than Neptune. The observed number versus size distribution of planetary candidates increases to a peak at two to three times the Earth-size and then declines inversely proportional to the area of the candidate. Our current best estimates of the intrinsic frequencies of planetary candidates, after correcting for geometric and sensitivity biases, are 5% for Earth-size candidates, 8% for super-Earth-size candidates, 18% for Neptune-size candidates, 2% for Jupiter-size candidates, and 0.1% for very large candidates; a total of 0.34 candidates per star. Multi-candidate, transiting systems are frequent; 17% of the host stars have multi-candidate systems, and 34% of all the candidates are part of multi-candidate systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY meteorology
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - PLANETS -- Exploration
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - stars: statistics
KW  - surveys
N1  - Accession Number: 67278483; BORUCKI, WILLIAM J. 1; Email Address: William.J.Borucki@nasa.gov KOCH, DAVID G. 1 BASRI, GIBOR 2 BATALHA, NATALIE 3 BROWN, TIMOTHY M. 4 BRYSON, STEPHEN T. 1 CALDWELL, DOUGLAS 5 CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, JØRGEN 6 COCHRAN, WILLIAM D. 7 DEVORE, EDNA 5 DUNHAM, EDWARD W. 8 GAUTIER III, THOMAS N. 9 GEARY, JOHN C. 10 GILLILAND, RONALD 11 GOULD, ALAN 12 HOWELL, STEVE B. 13 JENKINS, JON M. 5 LATHAM, DAVID W. 10 LISSAUER, JACK J. 1 MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  4: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: Danish Asteroseismology Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark  7: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  8: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  11: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  12: Lawrence Hall of Science, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  13: NOAO, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 736 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY meteorology; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Exploration; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - XINCHUAN HUANG
AU  - LEE, TIMOTHY J.
T1  - SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS FOR 13C AND DEUTERIUM ISOTOPOLOGUES OF CYCLIC AND LINEAR….
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/07/20/
VL  - 736
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Recently, we reported ab initio quartic force fields (QFFs) for the cyclic and linear forms of the Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed molecular cation, referred to as  Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s)  cannot be graphically displayed. Specifically the singles and doubles coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbational estimate of connected triple excitations, CCSD(T), was used in conjunction with extrapolation to the one-particle basis set limit, and corrections for scalar relativity and core correlation were included. In the present study, we use these QFFs to compute highly accurate fundamental vibrational frequencies and other spectroscopic constants for the Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. isotoplogues of Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s)  cannot be graphically displayed., and the H2CCCD+, HDCCCH+, H213CCCH+, H2C 13CCH+, and H2CC13CH+ isotopologues of Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s)  cannot be graphically displayed. Improvements in ab intitio methods have now made it possible to identify small molecules in an astronomical observation without the aid of high-resolution experimental data. We also report dipole moment values and show that the above-mentioned cyclic isotopologues have values of 0.094, 0.225, and 0.312 D, respectively, while the Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. isotopologues have values that range between 0.325 and 0.811 D. Thus, it is hoped that the highly accurate spectroscopic constants and data provided herein for the 13C and deuterium isotopologues of the cyclic and linear forms of Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. will enable their identification in astronomical observations from the Herschel Space Observatory the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, the Atacama Large Millimeter Array, and in the future, the James Webb Space Telescope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEUTERIUM
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - molecular data
KW  - molecular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 67278497; XINCHUAN HUANG 1; Email Address: Xinchuan.Huang-1@nasa.gov LEE, TIMOTHY J. 2; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 736 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: DEUTERIUM; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular data; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular processes; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/33
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katz, Aaron
AU  - Wissink, Andrew M.
AU  - Sankaran, Venkateswaran
AU  - Meakin, Robert L.
AU  - Chan, William M.
T1  - Application of strand meshes to complex aerodynamic flow fields
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2011/07/20/
VL  - 230
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 6512
EP  - 6530
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: We explore a new approach for viscous computational fluid dynamics calculations for external aerodynamics around geometrically complex bodies that incorporates nearly automatic mesh generation and efficient flow solution methods. A prismatic-like grid using “strands” is grown a short distance from the body surface to capture the viscous boundary layer, and adaptive Cartesian grids are used throughout the rest of the domain. The approach presents several advantages over established methods: nearly automatic grid generation from triangular or quadrilateral surface tessellations, very low memory overhead, automatic mesh adaptivity for time-dependent problems, and fast and efficient solvers from structured data in both the strand and Cartesian grids.The approach is evaluated for complex geometries and flow fields. We investigate the effects of strand length and strand vector smoothing to understand the effects on computed solutions. Results of three applications using the strand-adaptive Cartesian approach are given, including a NACA wing, isolated V-22 (TRAM) rotor in hover, and the DLR-F6 wing-body transport. The results from these cases show that the strand approach can successfully resolve near-body and off-body features as well as or better than established methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TESSELLATIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - DATA modeling
KW  - Adaptive mesh refinement
KW  - Aerodynamics
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - High-order methods
KW  - Mesh generation
N1  - Accession Number: 62276861; Katz, Aaron 1; Email Address: akatz@merlin.arc.nasa.gov Wissink, Andrew M. 1 Sankaran, Venkateswaran 1 Meakin, Robert L. 2 Chan, William M. 3; Affiliation:  1: US Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 230 Issue 17, p6512; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TESSELLATIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: DATA modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive mesh refinement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesh generation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2011.04.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carballido, Augusto
AU  - Bai, Xue-Ning
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
T1  - Turbulent diffusion of large solids in a protoplanetary disc.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/07/21/
VL  - 415
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 102
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - BSTRACT [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC instabilities
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL fields
N1  - Accession Number: 62724161; Carballido, Augusto 1 Bai, Xue-Ning 2 Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 70-264, Cd. Universitaria, Mexico D. F. 04510, Mexico  2: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jul2011, Vol. 415 Issue 1, p93; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC instabilities; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL fields; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18661.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qiu, S.
AU  - Clausen, B.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - On elastic moduli and elastic anisotropy in polycrystalline martensitic NiTi
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 59
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 5055
EP  - 5066
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: A combined experimental and computational effort was undertaken to provide insight into the elastic response of B19′ martensitic NiTi variants as they exist in bulk, polycrystalline aggregate form during monotonic tensile and compressive loading. The experimental effort centered on using in situ neutron diffraction during loading to measure elastic moduli in several directions along with an average Young’s modulus and a Poisson’s ratio. The measurements were compared with predictions from a 30,000 variant, self-consistent polycrystalline deformation model that accounted for the elastic intergranular constraint, and also with predictions of single crystal behavior from previously published ab initio studies. Variant conversion and detwinning processes that influenced the intergranular constraint occurred even at stresses where the macroscopic stress–strain response appeared linear. Direct evidence of these processes was revealed in changes in texture, which were captured in inverse pole figures constructed from the neutron diffraction measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - NEUTRON diffraction
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - CLUSTERING of particles
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Elastic modulus
KW  - Martensite
KW  - Neutron diffraction
KW  - Shape memory
N1  - Accession Number: 61921924; Qiu, S. 1 Clausen, B. 2 Padula, S.A. 3 Noebe, R.D. 3 Vaidyanathan, R. 1; Email Address: raj@mail.ucf.edu; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 59 Issue 13, p5055; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: NEUTRON diffraction; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: CLUSTERING of particles; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic modulus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manchiraju, Sivom
AU  - Gaydosh, Darrell
AU  - Benafan, Othmane
AU  - Noebe, Ronald
AU  - Vaidyanathan, Raj
AU  - Anderson, Peter M.
T1  - Thermal cycling and isothermal deformation response of polycrystalline NiTi: Simulations vs. experiment
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 59
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 5238
EP  - 5249
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: A recent microstructure-based FEM model that couples crystal-based plasticity, the B2↔B19′ phase transformation and anisotropic elasticity at the grain scale is calibrated to recent data for polycrystalline NiTi (49.9 at.% Ni). Inputs include anisotropic elastic properties, texture and differential scanning calorimetry data, as well as a subset of recent isothermal deformation and load-biased thermal cycling data. The model is assessed against additional experimental data. Several experimental trends are captured – in particular, the transformation strain during thermal cycling monotonically increases and reaches a peak with increasing bias stress. This is achieved, in part, by modifying the martensite hardening matrix proposed by Patoor et al. [Patoor E, Eberhardt A, Berveiller M. J Phys IV 1996;6:277]. Some experimental trends are underestimated – in particular, the ratcheting of macrostrain during thermal cycling. This may reflect a model limitation that transformation–plasticity coupling is captured on a coarse (grain) scale but not on a fine (martensitic plate) scale. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - Finite element
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Thermal cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 61921927; Manchiraju, Sivom 1 Gaydosh, Darrell 2 Benafan, Othmane 3 Noebe, Ronald 2 Vaidyanathan, Raj 3 Anderson, Peter M. 1; Email Address: anderson.1@osu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 59 Issue 13, p5238; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal cycling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.04.063
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stapleton, Scott E.
AU  - Waas, Anthony M.
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
T1  - Modeling Progressive Failure of Bonded Joints Using a Single Joint Finite Element.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 49
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1740
EP  - 1749
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Enhanced finite elements are elements with an embedded analytical solution that can capture detailed local fields, enabling more efficient, mesh-independent finite element analysis. In the present study, an enhanced finite element, referred to as a bonded joint element, that is capable of modeling an array of joint types is developed. The joint field equations are derived using the principle of minimum potential energy, and the resulting solutions for the displacement fields are used to generate shape functions and a stiffness matrix for a single joint finite element. This single finite element thus captures the detailed stress and strain fields within the bonded joint, but it can function within a broader structural finite element model. The costs associated with a fine mesh of the joint can thus be avoided, while still obtaining a detailed solution for the joint. Additionally, the capability to model nonlinear adhesive constitutive behavior has been included within the method, and progressive failure of the adhesive can be modeled by using a strain-based failure criteria and resizing the joint as the adhesive fails. Results of the model compare favorably with available experimental and finite element results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - LOCAL fields (Algebra)
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 65072326; Stapleton, Scott E. 1; Email Address: sstaple@umich.edu Waas, Anthony M. 1; Email Address: dcw@umich.edu Bednarcyk, Brett A. 2; Email Address: Bednarcyk@NASA.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 49 Issue 8, p1740; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: LOCAL fields (Algebra); Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050889
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Korolev, A. V.
AU  - Emery, E. F.
AU  - Strapp, J. W.
AU  - Cober, S. G.
AU  - Isaac, G. A.
AU  - Wasey, M.
AU  - Marcotte, D.
T1  - Small Ice Particles in Tropospheric Clouds: Fact or Artifact? Airborne Icing Instrumentation Evaluation Experiment.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 92
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 967
EP  - 973
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - No abstract available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ICE
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 66867369; Korolev, A. V. 1 Emery, E. F. 2 Strapp, J. W. 1 Cober, S. G. 1 Isaac, G. A. 1 Wasey, M. 1 Marcotte, D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cloud Physics and Severe Weather Research Section, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio  3: National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 92 Issue 8, p967; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2010BAMS3141.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daw, Murray S.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - Interatomic potentials for Zirconium Diboride and Hafnium Diboride
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 50
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2828
EP  - 2835
SN  - 09270256
AB  - Abstract: We report on the first interatomic potentials for Zirconium Diboride and Hafnium Diboride. The potentials are of the Tersoff form, and are obtained by fitting to a first-principles database of basic properties of elemental Zr, Hf, B, and the compounds ZrB 2 and HfB 2. Two variants of the Zr–B potentials have been obtained, and one for Hf–B. The potentials have been tested against a variety of properties of the compound, with the conclusion that they are stable and provide a reasonable representation of the desired properties of the two diborides. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM compounds
KW  - HAFNIUM compounds
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - BORON
KW  - METAL bonding
KW  - BORIDES
KW  - HARMONIC analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - Hafnium Diboride
KW  - Interatomic potential
KW  - Tersoff potential
KW  - Zirconium Diboride
N1  - Accession Number: 61920077; Daw, Murray S. 1; Email Address: daw@clemson.edu Lawson, John W. 2 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Dept of Physics & Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA  2: MS 234-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Technology Division, MS 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 50 Issue 10, p2828; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM compounds; Subject Term: HAFNIUM compounds; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: METAL bonding; Subject Term: BORIDES; Subject Term: HARMONIC analysis (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hafnium Diboride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interatomic potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tersoff potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zirconium Diboride; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2011.04.038
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flores, Gilberto E.
AU  - Campbell, James H.
AU  - Kirshtein, Julie D.
AU  - Meneghin, Jennifer
AU  - Podar, Mircea
AU  - Steinberg, Joshua I.
AU  - Seewald, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Tivey, Margaret Kingston
AU  - Voytek, Mary A.
AU  - Yang, Zamin K.
AU  - Reysenbach, Anna-Louise
T1  - Microbial community structure of hydrothermal deposits from geochemically different vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2158
EP  - 2171
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Summary To evaluate the effects of local fluid geochemistry on microbial communities associated with active hydrothermal vent deposits, we examined the archaeal and bacterial communities of 12 samples collected from two very different vent fields: the basalt-hosted Lucky Strike (37°17′N, 32°16.3′W, depth 1600-1750 m) and the ultramafic-hosted Rainbow (36°13′N, 33°54.1′W, depth 2270-2330 m) vent fields along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR). Using multiplexed barcoded pyrosequencing of the variable region 4 (V4) of the 16S rRNA genes, we show statistically significant differences between the archaeal and bacterial communities associated with the different vent fields. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays of the functional gene diagnostic for methanogenesis ( mcrA), as well as geochemical modelling to predict pore fluid chemistries within the deposits, support the pyrosequencing observations. Collectively, these results show that the less reduced, hydrogen-poor fluids at Lucky Strike limit colonization by strict anaerobes such as methanogens, and allow for hyperthermophilic microaerophiles, like Aeropyrum. In contrast, the hydrogen-rich reducing vent fluids at the ultramafic-influenced Rainbow vent field support the prevalence of methanogens and other hydrogen-oxidizing thermophiles at this site. These results demonstrate that biogeographical patterns of hydrothermal vent microorganisms are shaped in part by large scale geological and geochemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL vents -- Microbiology
KW  - ARCHAEBACTERIA
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - GEOCHEMICAL modeling
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - BACTERIAL diversity
KW  - MID-Atlantic Ridge
N1  - Accession Number: 65013266; Flores, Gilberto E. 1 Campbell, James H. 2 Kirshtein, Julie D. 3 Meneghin, Jennifer 1 Podar, Mircea 2 Steinberg, Joshua I. 4 Seewald, Jeffrey S. 5 Tivey, Margaret Kingston 5 Voytek, Mary A. 3,6 Yang, Zamin K. 2 Reysenbach, Anna-Louise 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biology, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA.  2: Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA.  3: United States Geological Survey, Reston, VA 20192, USA.  4: Oregon Episcopal School, Portland, OR 97223, USA.  5: Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, USA.; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 13 Issue 8, p2158; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL vents -- Microbiology; Subject Term: ARCHAEBACTERIA; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: GEOCHEMICAL modeling; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: BACTERIAL diversity; Subject Term: MID-Atlantic Ridge; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02463.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciarniello, M.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Coradini, A.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Tosi, F.
AU  - Stephan, K.
T1  - Hapke modeling of Rhea surface properties through Cassini-VIMS spectra
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 214
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 541
EP  - 555
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The surface properties of the icy bodies in the saturnian system have been investigated by means of the Cassini-VIMS (Visual Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) hyperspectral imager which operates in the 0.35–5.1μm wavelength range. In particular, we have analyzed 111 full disk hyperspectral images of Rhea ranging in solar phase between 0.08° and 109.8°. These data have been previously analyzed by Filacchione et al. (Filacchione, G. et al. [2007]. Icarus 186, 259–290; Filacchione, G. et al. [2010]. Icarus 206, 507–523) to study, adopting various “spectral indicators” (such as spectral slopes, band depth, and continuum level), the relations among various saturnian satellites. As a further step we proceed in this paper to a quantitative evaluation of the physical parameters determining the spectrophotometric properties of Rhea’s surface. To do this we have applied Hapke (Hapke, B. [1993]. Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy, Topics in Remote Sensing: 3. Springer, Berlin) IMSA model (Isotropic Multiple Scattering Approximation) which allow us to model the phase function at VIS–IR (visible–infrared) wavelengths as well as the spectra taking into account various types of mixtures of surface materials. Thanks to this method we have been able to constrain the size of water ice particles covering the surface, the amount of organic contaminants, the large scale surface roughness and the opposition effect surge. From our analysis it appears that wavelength dependent parameters, e.g. opposition surge width (h) and single-particle phase function parameters (b, v), are strongly correlated to the estimated single-scattering albedo of particles. For Rhea the best fit solution is obtained by assuming: (1) an intraparticle mixture of crystalline water ice and a small amount (0.4%) of Triton tholin; (2) a monodisperse grain size distribution having a particle diameter am =38μm; and (3) a surface roughness parameter value of 33°. The study of phase function shows that both shadow hiding and coherent backscattering contribute to the opposition surge. This study represents the first attempt, in the case of Rhea, to join the spectral and the photometric analysis. The surface model we derived gives a good quantitative description of both spectrum and phase curve of the satellite. The same approach and model, with appropriate modifications, shall be applied to VIMS data of the other icy satellites of Saturn, in order to reveal similarities and differences in the surface characteristics to understand how these bodies interact with their environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ICE
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - RHEA (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Ices
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Satellites, Surfaces
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - Spectrophotometry
N1  - Accession Number: 64477821; Ciarniello, M. 1; Email Address: mauro.ciarniello@iasf-roma.inaf.it Capaccioni, F. 1 Filacchione, G. 1 Clark, R.N. 2 Cruikshank, D.P. 3 Cerroni, P. 1 Coradini, A. 4 Brown, R.H. 5 Buratti, B.J. 6 Tosi, F. 4 Stephan, K. 7; Affiliation:  1: INAF-IASF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy  2: U.S. Geological Survey, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: INAF-IFSI, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy  5: Lunar and Planetary Lab and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: Institute for Planetary Exploration, DLR, Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 214 Issue 2, p541; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: RHEA (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectrophotometry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lellouch, Emmanuel
AU  - Stansberry, John
AU  - Emery, Josh
AU  - Grundy, Will
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
T1  - Thermal properties of Pluto’s and Charon’s surfaces from Spitzer observations
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 214
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 701
EP  - 716
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We report on thermal observations of the Pluto–Charon system acquired by the Spitzer observatory in August–September 2004. The observations, which consist of (i) photometric measurements (8 visits) with the Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) at 24, 70 and 160μm and (ii) low-resolution spectra (8 visits) over 20–37μm with the Infrared Spectrometer (IRS), clearly exhibit the thermal lightcurve of Pluto/Charon at a variety of wavelengths. They further indicate a steady decrease of the system brightness temperature with increasing wavelength. Observations are analyzed by means of a thermophysical model, including the effects of thermal conduction and surface roughness, and using a multi-terrain description of Pluto and Charon surfaces in accordance with visible imaging and lightcurves, and visible and near-infrared spectroscopy. Three units are considered for Pluto, respectively covered by N2 ice, CH4 ice, and a tholin/H2O mix. Essential model parameters are the thermal inertia of Pluto and Charon surfaces and the spectral and bolometric emissivity of the various units. A new and improved value of Pluto’s surface thermal inertia, referring to the CH4 and tholin/H2O areas, is determined to be Γ  Pl  =20–30Jm−2 s−1/2 K−1 (MKS). The high-quality 24-μm lightcurve permits a precise assessment of Charon’s thermal emission, indicating a mean surface temperature of 55.4±2.6K. Although Charon is on average warmer than Pluto, it is also not in instantaneous equilibrium with solar radiation. Charon’s surface thermal inertia is in the range Γ  Ch  =10–150 MKS, though most model solutions point to Γ  Ch  =10–20 MKS. Pluto and Charon thermal inertias appear much lower than values expected for compact ices, probably resulting from high surface porosity and poor surface consolidation. Comparison between Charon’s thermal inertia and even lower values estimated for two other H2O-covered Kuiper-Belt objects suggests that a vertical gradient of conductivity exists in the upper surface of these bodies. Finally, the observations indicate that the spectral emissivity of methane ice is close to unity at 24μm and decreases with increasing wavelength to ∼0.6 at 100μm. Future observations of thermal lightcurves over 70–500μm by Herschel should be very valuable to further constrain the emissivity behavior of the Pluto terrains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - Charon
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Pluto, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 64477770; Lellouch, Emmanuel 1; Email Address: emmanuel.lellouch@obspm.fr Stansberry, John 2 Emery, Josh 3 Grundy, Will 4 Cruikshank, Dale P. 5; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, F-92195 Meudon, France  2: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA  4: Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Rd., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 214 Issue 2, p701; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, Surface; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Toure, Ally M.
AU  - Goita, Kalifa
AU  - Royer, Alain
AU  - Kim, Edward J.
AU  - Durand, Michael
AU  - Margulis, Steven A.
AU  - Lu, Huizhong
T1  - A Case Study of Using a Multilayered Thermodynamical Snow Model for Radiance Assimilation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 49
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2828
EP  - 2837
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A microwave radiance assimilation (RA) scheme for the retrieval of snow physical state variables requires a snowpack physical model (SM) coupled to a radiative transfer model. In order to assimilate microwave brightness temperatures (Tbs) at horizontal polarization (h-pol), an SM capable of resolving melt–refreeze crusts is required. To date, it has not been shown whether an RA scheme is tractable with the large number of state variables present in such an SM or whether melt-refreeze crust densities can be estimated. In this paper, an RA scheme is presented using the CROCUS SM which is capable of resolving melt-refreeze crusts. We assimilated both vertical (v) and horizontal (h) Tbs at 18.7 and 36.5 GHz. We found that assimilating Tb at both h-pol and vertical polarization (v-pol) into CROCUS dramatically improved snow depth estimates, with a bias of 1.4 cm compared to -7.3 cm reported by previous studies. Assimilation of both h-pol and v-pol led to more accurate results than assimilation of v-pol alone. The snow water equivalent (SWE) bias of the RA scheme was 0.4 cm, while the bias of the SWE estimated by an empirical retrieval algorithm was -2.9 cm. Characterization of melt-refreeze crusts via an RA scheme is demonstrated here for the first time; the RA scheme correctly identified the location of melt-refreeze crusts observed in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - DATA modeling
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - AZIMUTH
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - Assimilation
KW  - Azimuth
KW  - Data models
KW  - Grain size
KW  - Ice
KW  - melt–refreeze crusts
KW  - Predictive models
KW  - radiance
KW  - Snow
KW  - snowpack model (SM)
KW  - Temperature measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 63244402; Toure, Ally M. 1 Goita, Kalifa 2 Royer, Alain 2 Kim, Edward J. 1 Durand, Michael 3 Margulis, Steven A. 4 Lu, Huizhong 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office Code 610.1, Greenbelt, MD, USA  2: Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada  3: School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA  4: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 49 Issue 8, p2828; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: DATA modeling; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Azimuth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain size; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: melt–refreeze crusts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictive models; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow; Author-Supplied Keyword: snowpack model (SM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature measurement; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2118761
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Green, Collin
AU  - Johnston, James C.
AU  - Ruthruff, Eric
T1  - Attentional Limits in Memory Retrieval--Revisite.
JO  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
JF  - Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 37
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1083
EP  - 1098
SN  - 00961523
AB  - Carrier and Pashler (1995) concluded--based on locus-of-slack dual-task methodology--that memory. retrieval was subject to a central bottleneck. However, this conclusion conflicts with evidence from other lines of research suggesting that memory retrieval proceeds autonomously, in parallel with many other mental processes. In the present experiments we explored the possibility that Carrier and Pashler's conclusions were distorted by use of an experimental method unfavorable to parallel memory retrieval. New locus-of-slack experiments were performed that encouraged parallel memory retrieval strategies with instructions and feedback, along with the use of "preferred" stimulus-response modality mappings. Results from two psychological refractory period experiments showed that the effect of Task 2 recognition difficulty was consistently absorbed into cognitive slack, with both word and picture recognition. We conclude that the memory retrieval stage of recognition tasks can proceed in parallel with central operations of another task, at least under favorable conditions. Our new findings bring results from dual-task locus-of-slack methodology into agreement with other evidence that memory retrieval is not subject to severe, generic centra! resource limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Experimental Psychology. Human Perception & Performance is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - TASKS
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
KW  - attention
KW  - cognitive bottleneck
KW  - dual task
KW  - memory
KW  - psychological refractory period
N1  - Accession Number: 79433569; Green, Collin 1; Email Address: collin.b.green@nasa.gov Johnston, James C. 1 Ruthruff, Eric 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: University of New Mexico; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 37 Issue 4, p1083; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: TASKS; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: cognitive bottleneck; Author-Supplied Keyword: dual task; Author-Supplied Keyword: memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: psychological refractory period; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/a0023095
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - COLGAN, William
AU  - RAJARAM, Harihar
AU  - ANDERSON, Robert
AU  - STEFFEN, Konrad
AU  - PHILLIPS, Thomas
AU  - JOUGHIN, Ian
AU  - ZWALLY, H. Jay
AU  - ABDALATI, Waleed
T1  - The annual glaciohydrology cycle in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet: Part 1. Hydrology model.
JO  - Journal of Glaciology
JF  - Journal of Glaciology
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 57
IS  - 204
M3  - Article
SP  - 697
EP  - 709
SN  - 00221430
AB  - The article focuses on a study on the annual glaciohydrology cycle on the ablation zone of the ice sheet in Greenland using a hydrology model. Under the study, a one-dimensional (1-D) hydrology model has been developed to assess the hydrologic cycle of the tidewater glacier Sermeq Avannarleq. It notes that the modeled hydraulic head tend to oscillate near flotation which is said to be caused by the dependence of conduit activity and discharge on the relative difference presented by water and ice pressures. Findings suggest that the behavior of the terminal 50 kilometers (km) of the Sermeq Avannarleq flowline is similar to that of an alpine glacier.
KW  - GLACIOLOGY
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - HYDROLOGIC models
KW  - FLOTATION
KW  - ICE caps
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - GREENLAND
N1  - Accession Number: 65297896; COLGAN, William 1,2 RAJARAM, Harihar 3 ANDERSON, Robert 4,5 STEFFEN, Konrad PHILLIPS, Thomas 6 JOUGHIN, Ian ZWALLY, H. Jay 7 ABDALATI, Waleed 8; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0216, USA  2: Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0260, USA  3: Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, USA  4: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, UCB 450, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0450, USA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0399, USA  6: Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0429, USA  7: Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 971, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  8: Headquarters, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 57 Issue 204, p697; Subject Term: GLACIOLOGY; Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC models; Subject Term: FLOTATION; Subject Term: ICE caps; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: GREENLAND; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Wendisch, Manfred
AU  - Bi, Lei
AU  - Kattawar, George
AU  - Mishchenko, Michael
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Dependence of extinction cross-section on incident polarization state and particle orientation
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 112
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2035
EP  - 2039
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: This note reports on the effects of the polarization state of an incident quasi-monochromatic parallel beam of radiation and the orientation of a hexagonal ice particle with respect to the incident direction on the extinction process. When the incident beam is aligned with the six-fold rotational symmetry axis, the extinction is independent of the polarization state of the incident light. For other orientations, the extinction cross-section for linearly polarized light can be either larger or smaller than its counterpart for an unpolarized incident beam. Therefore, the attenuation of a quasi-monochromatic radiation beam by an ice cloud depends on the polarization state of the beam if ice crystals within the cloud are not randomly oriented. Furthermore, a case study of the extinction of light by a quartz particle is also presented to illustrate the dependence of the extinction cross-section on the polarization state of the incident light. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - QUARTZ
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - LASER beams
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Ice crystal
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Polarization
N1  - Accession Number: 61259108; Yang, Ping 1; Email Address: pyang@tamu.edu Wendisch, Manfred 2 Bi, Lei 3 Kattawar, George 3 Mishchenko, Michael 4 Hu, Yongxiang 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Leipzig Institute for Meteorology, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany  3: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  4: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA  5: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 2368, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 112 Issue 12, p2035; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: QUARTZ; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice crystal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2011.04.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luning Zhang
AU  - Pejaković, Dušan A.
AU  - Marschall, Jochen
AU  - Gasch, Matthew
T1  - Thermal and Electrical Transport Properties of Spark Plasma-Sintered HfB2 and ZrB2 Ceramics.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 94
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2562
EP  - 2570
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The thermal and electrical transport properties of various spark plasma-sintered HfB2- and ZrB2-based polycrystalline ceramics were investigated experimentally over the 298-700 K temperature range. Measurements of thermal diffusivity, electrical resistivity, and Hall coefficient are reported, as well as the derived properties of thermal conductivity, charge carrier density, and charge carrier mobility. Hall coefficients were negative confirming electrons as the dominant charge carrier, with carrier densities and mobilities in the 3-5 × 1021 cm−3 and 100-250 cm2·(V·s)−1 ranges, respectively. Electrical resistivities were lower, and temperature coefficients of resistivity higher, than those typically reported for HfB2 and ZrB2 materials manufactured by the conventional hot pressing. A Wiedemann-Franz analysis confirms the dominance of electronic contributions to heat transport. The thermal conductivity was found to decrease with increasing temperature for all materials. Results are discussed in terms of sample morphology and compared with data previously reported in the scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - CERAMICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 64319092; Luning Zhang 1 Pejaković, Dušan A. 1 Marschall, Jochen 1; Email Address: jochen.marschall@sri.com Gasch, Matthew 2; Affiliation:  1: Molecular Physics Laboratory, SRI International, Menlo Park, California 94025  2: Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 94 Issue 8, p2562; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: CERAMICS -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2011.04411.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64319092&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nelson, M. D.
AU  - Healey, S. P.
AU  - Moser, W.K.
AU  - Masek, J. G.
AU  - Cohen, W.B.
T1  - CONSISTENCY OF FOREST PRESENCE AND BIOMASS PREDICTIONS MODELED ACROSS OVERLAPPING SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL EXTENTS.
JO  - Mathematical & Computational Forestry & Natural Resource Sciences
JF  - Mathematical & Computational Forestry & Natural Resource Sciences
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 113
SN  - 19467664
AB  - We assessed the consistency across space and time of spatially explicit models of forest presence and biomass in southern Missouri, USA, for adjacent, partially overlapping satellite image Path/Rows, and for coincident satellite images from the same Path/Row acquired in different years. Such consistency in satellite image-based classification and estimation is critical to national and continental monitoring programs that depend upon processed satellite imagery, such as the North American Forest Dynamics Program. We tested the interchangeability of particular image acquisitions across time and space in the context of modeling forest biomass and forest presence with a non-parametric Random Forests-based approach. Validation at independent USA national forest inventory plots suggested statistically consistent model accuracy, even when the images used to apply the models were acquired in different years or in different image frames from the images used to build the models. For mapping projects using near-anniversary date imagery and employing careful radiometric correction, advantages of image interchangeability include the ability to build models with more ground data by combining adjacent image frames and the ability to apply models of assessed accuracy to early satellite images for which no corresponding field data may be available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mathematical & Computational Forestry & Natural Resource Sciences is the property of Mathematical & Computational Forestry & Natural-Resource Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST dynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FOREST reserves
KW  - FOREST biomass
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - FOREST surveys
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - MISSOURI
KW  - Consistency analyses
KW  - FIA
KW  - forest inventory
KW  - Landsat
KW  - NAFD
KW  - North American Forest Dynamics
KW  - Random Forests
N1  - Accession Number: 65471246; Nelson, M. D. 1 Healey, S. P. 2 Moser, W.K. 1 Masek, J. G. 3 Cohen, W.B. 4; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, 1992 Folwell Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA  2: U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station, 507 25th Street, Ogden, UT, 84401, USA  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA  4: U.S. Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p102; Subject Term: FOREST dynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FOREST reserves; Subject Term: FOREST biomass; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: FOREST surveys; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: MISSOURI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Consistency analyses; Author-Supplied Keyword: FIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: NAFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: North American Forest Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Random Forests; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712190 Nature Parks and Other Similar Institutions; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10510.11029/12004GL019782
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Redaelli, M.
AU  - Kepler, S. O.
AU  - Costa, J. E. S.
AU  - Winget, D. E.
AU  - Handler, G.
AU  - Castanheira, B. G.
AU  - Kanaan, A.
AU  - Fraga, L.
AU  - Henrique, P.
AU  - Giovannini, O.
AU  - Provencal, J. L.
AU  - Shipman, H. L.
AU  - Dalessio, J.
AU  - Thompson, S. E.
AU  - Mullally, F.
AU  - Brewer, M. M.
AU  - Childers, D.
AU  - Oksala, M. E.
AU  - Rosen, R.
AU  - Wood, M. A.
T1  - The pulsations of PG 1351+489.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 415
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1220
EP  - 1227
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - BSTRACT PG 1351+489 is one of the 20 DBVs - pulsating helium-atmosphere white dwarf stars - known and has the simplest power spectrum for this class of star, making it a good candidate to study cooling rates. We report accurate period determinations for the main peak at 489.334 48 s and two other normal modes using data from the Whole Earth Telescope (WET) observations of 1995 and 2009. In 2009, we detected a new pulsation mode and the main pulsation mode exhibited substantial change in its amplitude compared to all previous observations. We were able to estimate the star's rotation period, of 8.9 h, and discuss a possible determination of the rate of period change of (2.0 ± 0.9) × 10−13 s s −1, the first such estimate for a DBV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - HELIUM
N1  - Accession Number: 63069269; Redaelli, M. 1 Kepler, S. O. 1 Costa, J. E. S. 1 Winget, D. E. 2 Handler, G. 3 Castanheira, B. G. 1,2,3 Kanaan, A. 4 Fraga, L. 5 Henrique, P. 4 Giovannini, O. 6 Provencal, J. L. 7,8 Shipman, H. L. 7 Dalessio, J. 7 Thompson, S. E. 8,9 Mullally, F. 9 Brewer, M. M. 10 Childers, D. 11 Oksala, M. E. 12 Rosen, R. 13 Wood, M. A. 14; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil  2: Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  3: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstraβe 17, 1180 Wien, Austria  4: Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil  5: Southern Observatory for Astrophysical Research, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  6: Departamento de Física e Química, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil  7: University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy Newark, DE 19716, USA  8: Delaware Asteroseismic Research Center, Mt Cuba Observatory, Greenville, DE 19807, USA  9: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: William Jewell College, 500 College Hill Liberty, MO 64048, USA  11: Department of Math and Science, Delaware County Community College, 901 S. Media Road, Media, USA  12: Bartol Research Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA  13: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA  14: Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 415 Issue 2, p1220; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: HELIUM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18743.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farassat, F.
AU  - Myers, M. K.
T1  - MULTIDIMENSIONAL GENERALIZED FUNCTIONS IN AEROACOUSTICS AND FLUID MECHANICS -- PART 1: BASIC CONCEPTS AND OPERATIONS.
JO  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
JF  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
Y1  - 2011/08//
M3  - Article
SP  - 216
EP  - 217
SN  - 00290974
AB  - This paper is the first part of a three part tutorial on multidimensional generalized functions (GFs) and their applications in aeroacoustics and fluid mechanics. In this tutorial, the authors strive to present rigorously and clearly the basic concepts and the tools that are needed to use GFs in applications effectively and with ease. They give many examples to help readers understand the mathematical ideas presented here. The first part of the tutorial is on the basic concepts of GFs. Here the authors define GFs, their properties and some common operations on them. They define the important concept of generalized differentiation and then give some interesting elementary and advanced examples on Green's functions and wave propagation problems. The analytic power of GFs in applications is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Noise & Vibration Bulletin is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - RADIO wave propagation
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 66164576; Farassat, F. 1 Myers, M. K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, p216; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: RADIO wave propagation; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martinez-Garcia, Jorge
AU  - Braginsky, Leonid
AU  - Shklover, Valery
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Correlation function analysis of fiber networks: Implications for thermal conductivity.
JO  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
JF  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 84
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 54208:1
EP  - 54208:8
SN  - 10980121
AB  - Transport properties of highly porous fiber structures are investigated. The fibers are assumed to be thin, but long, so that the number of interfiber connections along each fiber is large. We show that the effective conductivity of such structures can be found from the correlation length of the two-point correlation function of the local conductivities. The correlation function in the most interesting cases can be estimated from two-dimensional (2D) images of the structures. This means that the three-dimensional conductivity problem can be considered using 2D digital images of the structure. We apply this approach to analyze the parameters that determine the thermal conductivity of fiber structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMAL conductivity measurement
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - STATISTICAL mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 67006275; Martinez-Garcia, Jorge 1 Braginsky, Leonid 1,2 Shklover, Valery 1 Lawson, John W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory of Crystallography, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland  2: Institute of Semiconductor Physics, RU-630090 Novosibirsk, Russia  3: Thermal Protection Materials Branch, MS 234-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 84 Issue 5, p54208:1; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity measurement; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Subject Term: STATISTICAL mechanics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevB.84.054208
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arslan, Betül K.
AU  - Boyd, Eric S.
AU  - Dolci, Wendy W.
AU  - Dodson, K. Estelle
AU  - Boldt, Marco S.
AU  - Pilcher, Carl B.
T1  - Workshops without Walls: Broadening Access to Science around the World.
JO  - PLoS Biology
JF  - PLoS Biology
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 15449173
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Institute (NAI) conducted two ''Workshops Without Walls'' during 2010 that enabled global scientific exchange-with no travel required. The second of these was on the topic ''Molecular Paleontology and Resurrection: Rewinding the Tape of Life.'' Scientists from diverse disciplines and locations around the world were joined through an integrated suite of collaborative technologies to exchange information on the latest developments in this area of origin of life research. Through social media outlets and popular science blogs, participation in the workshop was broadened to include educators, science writers, and members of the general public. In total, over 560 people from 31 US states and 30 other nations were registered. Among the scientific disciplines represented were geochemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology and evolution, and microbial ecology. We present this workshop as a case study in how interdisciplinary collaborative research may be fostered, with substantial public engagement, without sustaining the deleterious environmental and economic impacts of travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS Biology is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC knowledge
KW  - FORUMS (Discussion & debate)
KW  - PALEONTOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ACCESS to information
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 65526544; Arslan, Betül K. 1,2 Boyd, Eric S. 3,4 Dolci, Wendy W. 5 Dodson, K. Estelle 5,6 Boldt, Marco S. 5,6 Pilcher, Carl B. 5; Email Address: carl.b.pilcher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Astrobiology Institute Center for Ribosomal Origins and Evolution, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.  2: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.  3: NASA Astrobiology Institute Astrobiology Biogeocatalysis Research Center, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America.  4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America.  5: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America.  6: Lockheed Martin, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America.; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 9 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC knowledge; Subject Term: FORUMS (Discussion & debate); Subject Term: PALEONTOLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ACCESS to information; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001118
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Kim, Beomseok
AU  - Park, Yun Chang
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Note: Two-dimensional resistivity mapping method for characterization of thin films and nanomaterials.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 82
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 086117
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - A two-dimensional resistivity mapping method is presented as an analysis tool for thin films. The spatial distribution of resistivity in the interior of the film is reconstructed with the data measured on its periphery. A square window with four electrodes on each side is fabricated as the test vehicle. While the current is applied to one electrode, the potentials on the other electrodes are monitored and an iterative method generates the resistivity map. The technique is demonstrated by measurements on a homogeneous organic PEDOT:PSS film and an inhomogeneous ZnO nanoparticle coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRICAL resistivity
KW  - THIN films
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ZINC oxide
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - MAPPINGS (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 65108859; Han, Jin-Woo 1 Kim, Beomseok 1 Park, Yun Chang 2 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  2: National Nanofab Center, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806, South; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 82 Issue 8, p086117; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL resistivity; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ZINC oxide; Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Subject Term: MAPPINGS (Mathematics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3626797
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
AU  - Chawla, Nitesh V.
T1  - Special issue on the best papers of the Conference on Intelligent Data Understanding (CIDU 2010).
JO  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
JF  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 355
EP  - 357
SN  - 19321864
AB  - The article discusses the highlights of the Conference on Intelligent Data Understanding held at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California on October 5-6, 2010. Topics included the implementation of the methods attained in data mining and machine learning on issues dealing with earth sciences, space sciences and systems health management. Problems dealing with changes in the climate and environment, astronomical data flux and safety in aviation were also tackled.
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - MOUNTAIN View (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 62836851; Srivastava, Ashok N. 1 Chawla, Nitesh V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Intelligent Systems Division, Intelligent Data Understanding Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Computer Science and Engineering and Interdisciplinary Center for Network Science and Applications, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p355; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: DATA mining; Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: MOUNTAIN View (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/sam.10131
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Das, Kamalika
AU  - Bhaduri, Kanishka
AU  - Votava, Petr
T1  - Distributed anomaly detection using 1-class SVM for vertically partitioned data.
JO  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
JF  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
EP  - 406
SN  - 19321864
AB  - The article presents a study which described a novel and efficient algorithm for anomaly detection in distributed databases. The proposed method centralizes a very small sample from the different data subsets at different locations. It was found that the algorithm is highly relevant to both earth sciences and aeronautics by describing applications in these domains. The performance of algorithm is demonstrated on the NASA MoDIS satellite images and simulated aviation data set generated by the Commercial Modular Aero-Propulsion System Simulation (CMAPSS).
KW  - ANOMALY detection (Computer security)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
KW  - DISTRIBUTED databases
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 62836853; Das, Kamalika 1 Bhaduri, Kanishka 2 Votava, Petr 3; Affiliation:  1: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Mission Critical Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: CSU Monterey Bay, NASA Ames Research Center, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p393; Subject Term: ANOMALY detection (Computer security); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTED databases; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/sam.10125
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, Kais
AU  - McDonald, Mark
AU  - Mahadevan, Sankaran
AU  - Green, Lawrence
T1  - Robustness-based design optimization under data uncertainty.
JO  - Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization
JF  - Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 197
SN  - 1615147X
AB  - This paper proposes formulations and algorithms for design optimization under both aleatory (i.e., natural or physical variability) and epistemic uncertainty (i.e., imprecise probabilistic information), from the perspective of system robustness. The proposed formulations deal with epistemic uncertainty arising from both sparse and interval data without any assumption about the probability distributions of the random variables. A decoupled approach is proposed in this paper to un-nest the robustness-based design from the analysis of non-design epistemic variables to achieve computational efficiency. The proposed methods are illustrated for the upper stage design problem of a two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) vehicle, where the information on the random design inputs are only available as sparse point data and/or interval data. As collecting more data reduces uncertainty but increases cost, the effect of sample size on the optimality and robustness of the solution is also studied. A method is developed to determine the optimal sample size for sparse point data that leads to the solutions of the design problem that are least sensitive to variations in the input random variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - RANDOM variables
KW  - DECOUPLING (Mathematics)
KW  - Data uncertainty
KW  - Multi-objective optimization
KW  - Robust design
N1  - Accession Number: 62866142; Zaman, Kais 1 McDonald, Mark 1 Mahadevan, Sankaran 1; Email Address: sankaran.mahadevan@vanderbilt.edu Green, Lawrence 2; Affiliation:  1: Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p183; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: RANDOM variables; Subject Term: DECOUPLING (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Data uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-objective optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robust design; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00158-011-0622-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62866142&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara A.C.
AU  - Hinders, Mark K.
T1  - Newtonian Viscous Effects in Ultrasonic Emboli Removal from Blood
JO  - Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
JF  - Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
Y1  - 2011/08//
VL  - 37
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1340
EP  - 1349
SN  - 03015629
AB  - Abstract: We have modeled the removal of emboli from cardiopulmonary bypass circuits via acoustic radiation force. Unless removed, emboli can result in cognitive deficit for those undergoing heart surgery with the use of extracorporeal circuits. There are a variety of mathematical formulations in the literature describing acoustic radiation force, but a lingering question that remains is how important viscosity of the blood and/or embolus is to the process. We implemented both inviscid and viscous models for acoustic radiation force on a sphere immersed in a fluid. We found that for this specific application, the inviscid model seems to be sufficient for predicting acoustic force upon emboli when compared with the chosen viscous model. Thus, the much simpler inviscid model could be used to optimize experimental techniques for ultrasonic emboli removal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEWTONIAN fluids
KW  - EMBOLISMS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiation force impulse imaging
KW  - CARDIOPULMONARY bypass
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - Acoustic radiation force
KW  - Cardiopulmonary bypass
KW  - Microemboli
N1  - Accession Number: 62273782; Leckey, Cara A.C. 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov Hinders, Mark K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 37 Issue 8, p1340; Subject Term: NEWTONIAN fluids; Subject Term: EMBOLISMS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiation force impulse imaging; Subject Term: CARDIOPULMONARY bypass; Subject Term: INVISCID flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic radiation force; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cardiopulmonary bypass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microemboli; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2011.05.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scott, Jessica M.
AU  - Khakoo, Aarif
AU  - Mackey, John R.
AU  - Haykowsky, Mark J.
AU  - Douglas, Pamela S.
AU  - Jones, Lee W.
T1  - Modulation of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Aerobic Exercise in Breast Cancer.
JO  - Circulation
JF  - Circulation
Y1  - 2011/08/02/
VL  - 124
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 642
EP  - 650
SN  - 00097322
AB  - The article presents a study that examines the effectiveness of aerobic exercises in the treatment of breast cancer. Authors relate that maximizing the benefits of doxorubicin while reducing its cardiac damage, is critical in breast cancer management. They convey that aerobic exercise has the potential to weaken doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, by enhancing systolic and diastolic function resulting to an improved resistance to fatigue for patients suffering from heart failure (HF).
KW  - AEROBIC exercises
KW  - EXERCISE therapy
KW  - BREAST cancer
KW  - PHYSICAL therapy
KW  - MEDICAL research
KW  - HEART failure -- Treatment
KW  - DOXORUBICIN
KW  - FATIGUE
KW  - cardioprotection
KW  - cardiotoxicity
KW  - exercise
KW  - women
N1  - Accession Number: 64434642; Scott, Jessica M. 1; Email Address: jessica.m.scott@nasa.gov Khakoo, Aarif 2 Mackey, John R. 3 Haykowsky, Mark J. 3 Douglas, Pamela S. 4 Jones, Lee W. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX  2: University of Texas M.D. Amgen Inc., San Francisco, CA  3: University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada  4: Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Source Info: 8/2/2011, Vol. 124 Issue 5, p642; Subject Term: AEROBIC exercises; Subject Term: EXERCISE therapy; Subject Term: BREAST cancer; Subject Term: PHYSICAL therapy; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Subject Term: HEART failure -- Treatment; Subject Term: DOXORUBICIN; Subject Term: FATIGUE; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardioprotection; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiotoxicity; Author-Supplied Keyword: exercise; Author-Supplied Keyword: women; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.021774
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McEwen, Alfred S.
AU  - Ojha, Lujendra
AU  - Dundas, Colin M.
AU  - Mattson, Sarah S.
AU  - Byrne, Shane
AU  - Wray, James J.
AU  - Cull, Selby C.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Thomas, Nicolas
AU  - Gulick, Virginia C.
T1  - Seasonal Flows on Warm Martian Slopes.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/08/05/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6043
M3  - Article
SP  - 740
EP  - 743
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article discusses research on recurring slope lineae (RSL), dark markings which appear on steep slopes and may indicate the presence of liquid brines near the surface of the planet Mars. Scientists used images from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) to analyze the presence of RLS, which appear on warm equator-facing slopes near the angle of repose for cohesionless particles and lengthen during the spring and summer. Groundwater discharge could occur due to high permeability in rocks with large amount of pure water, geothermally heated water, or brines which have a depressed freezing point, which the article argues is most likely.
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - HYDROGEOLOGY
KW  - GROUNDWATER
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 65267741; McEwen, Alfred S. 1; Email Address: mcewen@lpl.arizona.edu Ojha, Lujendra 1 Dundas, Colin M. 2 Mattson, Sarah S. 1 Byrne, Shane 1 Wray, James J. 3 Cull, Selby C. 4 Murchie, Scott L. 5 Thomas, Nicolas 6 Gulick, Virginia C. 7; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  5: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  6: Physikalisches Institut, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland  7: NASA Ames Research Center and SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/5/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6043, p740; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: HYDROGEOLOGY; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1204816
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thiruppathiraja, Chinnasamy
AU  - Kumar, Subramani
AU  - Murugan, Vidhyapriya
AU  - Adaikkappan, Periyakaruppan
AU  - Sankaran, Krishnan
AU  - Alagar, Muthukaruppan
T1  - An enhanced immuno-dot blot assay for the detection of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp using antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles probe
JO  - Aquaculture
JF  - Aquaculture
Y1  - 2011/08/08/
VL  - 318
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 262
EP  - 267
SN  - 00448486
AB  - Abstract: White Spot Syndrome (WSS) is a worldwide ailment of penaeid shrimp, a lethal and contagious disease in shrimp caused by the White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). It is essential to control; handle early findings and routine screenings under field conditions. Though PCR affirmed sensing of the causative viral nucleic acid has many advantages, for its routine use custom necessitate an advanced equipment and technical expertise. In comparison, protein-based immuno detecting methods are easier to perform by a commoner, but lack of sensitivity due to inadequate signal amplification. In this study, we focused on a sensitive immuno detection method which developed by gold nanoparticles coupled with alkaline phosphatase conjugated secondary antibody in turn recognized primary anti-serum raised against WSSV. We successfully enhanced the sensitivity of immuno-dot blot assay by 80 fold over the conventional method and visually it can be detected up to 1ng/mL of purified WSSV. The approach described in this study is a prototype for the development of simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool will provide the routine screening of WSS in shrimp farms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aquaculture is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMMUNOASSAY
KW  - SHRIMPS -- Diseases
KW  - COLLOIDAL gold
KW  - PENAEIDAE
KW  - LETHAL mutations
KW  - COMMUNICABLE diseases in animals
KW  - IMMUNOGLOBULINS
KW  - ALKALINE phosphatase
KW  - Antibody
KW  - Gold nanoparticles
KW  - Immunodot-blot assay
KW  - Shrimp
KW  - White spot syndrome virus
N1  - Accession Number: 62554911; Thiruppathiraja, Chinnasamy 1 Kumar, Subramani 2 Murugan, Vidhyapriya 2 Adaikkappan, Periyakaruppan 3 Sankaran, Krishnan 2 Alagar, Muthukaruppan 1; Email Address: mkalagar@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India  2: Center for Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600 025, India  3: Center for Nano-science and Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research center, Moffett Field, CA-94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 318 Issue 3/4, p262; Subject Term: IMMUNOASSAY; Subject Term: SHRIMPS -- Diseases; Subject Term: COLLOIDAL gold; Subject Term: PENAEIDAE; Subject Term: LETHAL mutations; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases in animals; Subject Term: IMMUNOGLOBULINS; Subject Term: ALKALINE phosphatase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antibody; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunodot-blot assay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shrimp; Author-Supplied Keyword: White spot syndrome virus; NAICS/Industry Codes: 114113 Salt water fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112512 Shellfish Farming; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.06.008
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - MOSES, JULIANNE I.
AU  - VISSCHER, C.
AU  - FORTNEY, J. J.
AU  - SHOWMAN, A. P.
AU  - LEWIS, N. K.
AU  - GRIFFITH, C. A.
AU  - KLIPPENSTEIN, S. J.
AU  - SHABRAM, M.
AU  - FRIEDSON, A. J.
AU  - MARLEY, M. S.
AU  - FREEDMAN, R. S.
T1  - DISEQUILIBRIUM CARBON, OXYGEN, AND NITROGEN CHEMISTRY IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF HD 189733b AND HD 209458b.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/08/10/
VL  - 737
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 37
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have developed a one-dimensional photochemical and thermochemical kinetics and diffusion model to study the effects of disequilibrium chemistry on the atmospheric composition of "hot-Jupiter" exoplanets. Here we investigate the coupled chemistry of neutral carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen species on HD 189733b and HD 209458b and we compare the model results with existing transit and eclipse observations. We find that the vertical profiles of molecular constituents are significantly affected by transport-induced quenching and photochemistry, particularly on the cooler HD 189733b; however, the warmer stratospheric temperatures on HD 209458b help maintain thermochemical equilibrium and reduce the effects of disequilibrium chemistry. For both planets, the methane and ammonia mole fractions are found to be enhanced over their equilibrium values at pressures of a few bar to less than an mbar due to transport-induced quenching, but CH4 and NH3 are photochemically removed at higher altitudes. Disequilibrium chemistry also enhances atomic species, unsaturated hydrocarbons (particularly C2H2), some nitriles (particularly HCN), and radicals like OH, CH3, and NH2. In contrast, CO, H2O, N2, and CO2 more closely follow their equilibrium profiles, except at pressures ≲1 µbar, where CO, H2O, and N2 are photochemically destroyed and CO2 is produced before its eventual high-altitude destruction. The enhanced abundances of CH4, NH3, and HCN are expected to affect the spectral signatures and thermal profiles of HD 189733b and other relatively cool, transiting exoplanets. We examine the sensitivity of our results to the assumed temperature structure and eddy diffusion coefficients and discuss further observational consequences of these models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - CARBON
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - CHEMISTRY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: composition
KW  - planets and satellites: individual (HD 189733b, HD 209458b)
KW  - stars: individual (HD 189733, HD 209458)
N1  - Accession Number: 66684685; MOSES, JULIANNE I. 1; Email Address: jmoses@spacescience.org VISSCHER, C. 2 FORTNEY, J. J. 3 SHOWMAN, A. P. 4 LEWIS, N. K. 4 GRIFFITH, C. A. 4 KLIPPENSTEIN, S. J. 5 SHABRAM, M. 6 FRIEDSON, A. J. 7 MARLEY, M. S. 8 FREEDMAN, R. S. 8; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA  6: 6 Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  7: Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 737 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual (HD 189733b, HD 209458b); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (HD 189733, HD 209458); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/737/1/15
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Katherine I.
AU  - Looney, Leslie W.
AU  - Klein, Randolf
AU  - Wang, Shiya
T1  - Massive star formation around IRAS 05345+3157 - I. The dense gas.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/08/11/
VL  - 415
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2790
EP  - 2797
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present observations of the intermediate to massive star-forming region I05345+3157 using the molecular line tracer CS(2-1) with the Combined Array for Research in Millimetre-wave Astronomy to reveal the properties of the dense gas cores. Seven gas cores are identified in the integrated intensity map of CS(2-1). Among these, cores 1 and 3 have counterparts in the λ= 2.7 mm continuum data. We suggest that cores 1 and 3 are star-forming cores that may already or will very soon harbour young massive protostars. The total masses of core 1 estimated from the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) method and dust emission by assuming a gas-to-dust ratio are 5 ± 1 and 18 ± 6 M⊙, and that of core 3 are 15 ± 7 and 11 ± 3 M⊙, respectively. The spectrum of core 3 shows blue-skewed self-absorption, which suggests gas infall - a collapsing core. The observed broad linewidths of the seven gas cores indicate non-thermal motions. These non-thermal motions can be interactions with nearby outflows or due to the initial turbulence; the former is observed, while the role of the initial turbulence is less certain. Finally, the virial masses of the gas cores are larger than the LTE masses, which, for a bound core, implies a requirement on the external pressure of ∼108 K cm−3. The cores have the potential to further form massive stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - TRACERS (Chemistry)
KW  - MILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - BIPOLAR outflows (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 63603330; Lee, Katherine I. 1 Looney, Leslie W. 1 Klein, Randolf 2,3 Wang, Shiya 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 W. Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA  2: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, 366 Le Conte Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 415 Issue 3, p2790; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: TRACERS (Chemistry); Subject Term: MILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: BIPOLAR outflows (Astrophysics); Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18897.x
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orphan, Victoria J.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
T1  - Microbiology: Hydrogen for dinner.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/08/11/
VL  - 476
IS  - 7359
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 155
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article focuses on the study by J. M. Petersen and colleagues related to microbiology, which revealed that mussels bathed in fluids rich in hydrogen thrive by supporting and harvesting an internal hydrogen-consuming bacteria population. It states that hydrogen is the first discovered chemical energy source for microbe-animal symbiosis. It adds that the work of Petersen and colleagues illustrates the technology-driven revolution that occurs in the biological sciences.
KW  - MUSSELS
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology
KW  - SYMBIOSIS
KW  - LIFE sciences
KW  - MICROBIOLOGICAL research
KW  - PETERSEN, J. M.
N1  - Accession Number: 64135192; Orphan, Victoria J. 1; Email Address: vorphan@gps.caltech.edu Hoehler, Tori M. 2; Email Address: tori.m.hoehler@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/11/2011, Vol. 476 Issue 7359, p154; Subject Term: MUSSELS; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology; Subject Term: SYMBIOSIS; Subject Term: LIFE sciences; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGICAL research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 114113 Salt water fishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112512 Shellfish Farming; People: PETERSEN, J. M.; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/476154a
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Viozny, Boaz
AU  - Actis, Paolo
AU  - Seger, R. Adam
AU  - Vallmajo-Martin, Queralt
AU  - Pourmand, Nader
T1  - Reversible Cation Response with a Protein-Modified Nanopipette.
JO  - Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Analytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2011/08/15/
VL  - 83
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 6121
EP  - 6126
SN  - 00032700
AB  - The calcium ion response of a quartz nanopipette was enhanced by immobilization of calmodulin to the nanopore surface. Binding to the analyte is rapidly reversible in neutral buffer and requires no change in media or conditions to regenerate the receptor. The signal remained reproducible over numerous measurements. The modified nanopipette was used to measure binding affinity to calcium ions, with a Kd of 6.3 ± 0.8 × 10-5 M. This affinity is in good agreement with reported values of the solution-state protein. The behavior of such reversible nanopore-based sensors can be used to study proteins in a confined environment and may lead to new devices for continuous monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALCIUM ions
KW  - CALMODULIN
KW  - CALCIUM-binding proteins
KW  - BUFFER solutions
KW  - PROTEIN binding
KW  - OXIDE minerals
N1  - Accession Number: 65285910; Viozny, Boaz 1,2 Actis, Paolo 1,2,3 Seger, R. Adam 1,2 Vallmajo-Martin, Queralt 1 Pourmand, Nader 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States  2: Advanced Studies Laboratories, UC Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  3: Department of Biology, Texas Southern University, 3100 Cleburne Street, Houston, Texas 77004, United States; Source Info: 8/15/2011, Vol. 83 Issue 16, p6121; Subject Term: CALCIUM ions; Subject Term: CALMODULIN; Subject Term: CALCIUM-binding proteins; Subject Term: BUFFER solutions; Subject Term: PROTEIN binding; Subject Term: OXIDE minerals; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/ac201322v
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian, Feng
AU  - Kasting, J.F.
AU  - Zahnle, K.
T1  - Revisiting HCN formation in Earth's early atmosphere
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2011/08/15/
VL  - 308
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
EP  - 423
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Using a new photochemical model, the HCN chemistry in Earth''s early atmosphere is revisited. We find that HCN production in a CH4-rich early atmosphere could have been efficient, similar to the results of a previous study (Zahnle, 1986). For an assumed CH4 mixing ratio of 1000ppmv, HCN surface deposition increases from 2×109 cm−2 s−1 at fCO2 =3% to more than 1×1010 cm−2 s−1 (30Tg/yr) at fCO2 =0.3% and 1%. These conditions may well have applied throughout much of the Archean eon, 3.8–2.5Ga. Prior to the origin of life and the advent of methanogens, HCN production rates would likely have been at 1×107 cm−2 s−1 or lower, thereby providing a modest source of HCN for prebiotic synthesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - METHYL groups
KW  - MIXING
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ammonia
KW  - early earth
KW  - HCN
KW  - photochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 63189198; Tian, Feng 1,2; Email Address: feng.tian@colorado.edu Kasting, J.F. 3 Zahnle, K. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.R. China  2: University of Colorado at Boulder, United States  3: Penn State University, United States  4: NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 308 Issue 3/4, p417; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: METHYL groups; Subject Term: MIXING; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: ammonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: early earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: HCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: photochemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.06.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, K.
AU  - Dungan, J.L.
AU  - MacArthur, A.
T1  - On the reproducibility of field-measured reflectance factors in the context of vegetation studies
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/08/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1893
EP  - 1905
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: This paper describes a study aimed at quantifying uncertainty in field measurements of vegetation canopy hemispherical conical reflectance factors (HCRF). The use of field spectroradiometers is common for this purpose, but the reliability of such measurements is still in question. In this paper we demonstrate the impact of various measurement uncertainties on vegetation canopy HCRF, using a combined laboratory and field experiment employing three spectroradiometers of the same broad specification (GER 1500). The results show that all three instruments performed similarly in the laboratory when a stable radiance source was measured (NEΔL<1mW m−2 sr−1 nm−1 in the range of 400–1000nm). In contrast, field-derived standard uncertainties (u =SD of 10 consecutive measurements of the same surface measured in ideal atmospheric conditions) significantly differed from the lab-based uncertainty characterisation for two targets: a control (75% Spectralon panel) and a cropped grassland surface. Results indicated that field measurements made by a single instrument of the vegetation surface were reproducible to within ±0.015 HCRF and of the control surface to within ±0.006 HCRF (400–1000nm (±1σ)). Field measurements made by all instruments of the vegetation surface were reproducible to within ±0.019 HCRF and of the control surface to within ±0.008 HCRF (400–1000nm (±1σ)). Statistical analysis revealed that even though the field conditions were carefully controlled and the absolute values of u were small, different instruments yielded significantly different reflectance values for the same target. The results also show that laboratory-derived uncertainty quantities do not present a useful means of quantifying all uncertainties in the field.The paper demonstrates a simple method for u characterisation, using internationally accepted terms, in field scenarios. This provides an experiment-specific measure of u that helps to put measurements in context and forms the basis for comparison with other studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANT canopies
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - PHYSICS laboratories
KW  - GRASSLANDS
KW  - RADIATION sources
KW  - HEMISPHERICAL photography
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - Hemispherical Conical Reflectance Factors (HCRF)
KW  - Noise equivalent delta radiance
KW  - Spectroradiometer
KW  - Standard uncertainty
KW  - Uncertainty propagation
KW  - Vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 60925331; Anderson, K. 1; Email Address: Karen.Anderson@exeter.ac.uk Dungan, J.L. 2; Email Address: Jennifer.L.Dungan@nasa.gov MacArthur, A. 3; Email Address: fsf@nerc.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: University of Exeter, Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Cornwall Campus, TR10 9EZ, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000, USA  3: NERC Field Spectroscopy Facility, University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, Scotland; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 115 Issue 8, p1893; Subject Term: PLANT canopies; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: PHYSICS laboratories; Subject Term: GRASSLANDS; Subject Term: RADIATION sources; Subject Term: HEMISPHERICAL photography; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hemispherical Conical Reflectance Factors (HCRF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise equivalent delta radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroradiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Standard uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.03.012
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yen, Judy Y.
AU  - Garamszegi, Sara
AU  - Geisbert, Joan B.
AU  - Rubins, Kathleen H.
AU  - Geisbert, Thomas W.
AU  - Honko, Anna
AU  - Xia, Yu
AU  - Connor, John H.
AU  - Hensley, Lisa E.
T1  - Therapeutics of Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever: Whole-Genome Transcriptional Analysis of Successful Disease Mitigation.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2011/08/16/2011 Supplement 3
VL  - 204
M3  - Article
SP  - S1043
EP  - S1052
SN  - 00221899
AB  - The mechanisms of Ebola (EBOV) pathogenesis are only partially understood, but the dysregulation of normal host immune responses (including destruction of lymphocytes, increases in circulating cytokine levels, and development of coagulation abnormalities) is thought to play a major role. Accumulating evidence suggests that much of the observed pathology is not the direct result of virus-induced structural damage but rather is due to the release of soluble immune mediators from EBOV-infected cells. It is therefore essential to understand how the candidate therapeutic may be interrupting the disease process and/or targeting the infectious agent. To identify genetic signatures that are correlates of protection, we used a DNA microarray-based approach to compare the host genome-wide responses of EBOV-infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) responding to candidate therapeutics. We observed that, although the overall circulating immune response was similar in the presence and absence of coagulation inhibitors, surviving NHPs clustered together. Noticeable differences in coagulation-associated genes appeared to correlate with survival, which revealed a subset of distinctly differentially expressed genes, including chemokine ligand 8 (CCL8/MCP-2), that may provide possible targets for early-stage diagnostics or future therapeutics. These analyses will assist us in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of EBOV infection and in identifying improved therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EBOLA virus disease
KW  - DIAGNOSIS
KW  - VIRAL genomes
KW  - GENETIC regulation
KW  - IMMUNE response
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - CHEMOKINES
N1  - Accession Number: 74614394; Yen, Judy Y. 1 Garamszegi, Sara 2 Geisbert, Joan B. 3 Rubins, Kathleen H. 4 Geisbert, Thomas W. 3 Honko, Anna 5 Xia, Yu 2,6,7 Connor, John H. 1,2; Email Address: jhconnor@bu.edu Hensley, Lisa E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118  2: Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Massachusetts  3: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas, Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas  5: U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland  6: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Massachusetts  7: Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Massachusetts; Source Info: 2011 Supplement 3, Vol. 204, pS1043; Subject Term: EBOLA virus disease; Subject Term: DIAGNOSIS; Subject Term: VIRAL genomes; Subject Term: GENETIC regulation; Subject Term: IMMUNE response; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: CHEMOKINES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/infdis/jir345
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balona, L. A.
AU  - Guzik, J. A.
AU  - Uytterhoeven, K.
AU  - Smith, J. C.
AU  - Tenenbaum, P.
AU  - Twicken, J. D.
T1  - The Kepler view of γ Doradus stars.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/08/21/
VL  - 415
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3531
EP  - 3538
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT Visual classification of over 10 000 stars in the Kepler data base has revealed a class of stars with almost monoperiodic light variations and characteristic beating. A subset of these stars have a larger light amplitude and asymmetric light curves with larger variation in maximum brightness than in minimum brightness. The beating is mostly a result of two dominant, closely spaced frequencies. A third group of stars shows multiple low frequencies of comparable amplitudes. All three types of star fall in the region of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram where γ Dor stars are found and we therefore identify them as γ Dor variables. However, stars with migrating star-spots also have symmetric light curves with beats, so it is likely that the sample is contaminated by non-pulsating stars of this type. If we assume that the dominant frequency in stars with beats is the rotational frequency, the resulting distribution of equatorial rotational velocities matches that of field stars of similar temperature and luminosity. We therefore conclude that the pulsation periods of these stars must be close to their rotational periods. The third group with multiple frequencies may be slowly rotating γ Dor stars. This investigation is closely related to the presence of low frequencies in δ Scuti stars which we briefly discuss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - CLASSIFICATION of stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars -- Light curves
KW  - HR diagrams
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - STELLAR rotation
N1  - Accession Number: 64995045; Balona, L. A. 1 Guzik, J. A. 2 Uytterhoeven, K. 3,4 Smith, J. C. 5 Tenenbaum, P. 5 Twicken, J. D. 5; Affiliation:  1: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, X-2 MS T-086, Los Alamos, NM 87545-2345, USA  3: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot; IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  4: Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik, Schöneckstr. 6, 79104 Freiburg, Germany  5: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 415 Issue 4, p3531; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION of stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars -- Light curves; Subject Term: HR diagrams; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18973.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64995045&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Di Mauro, M. P.
AU  - Cardini, D.
AU  - Catanzaro, G.
AU  - Ventura, R.
AU  - Barban, C.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Miglio, A.
AU  - Montalban, J.
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Uytterhoeven, K.
AU  - Kinemuchi, K.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Mullally, F.
AU  - Still, M.
T1  - Solar-like oscillations from the depths of the red-giant star KIC 4351319 observed with Kepler.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/08/21/
VL  - 415
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3783
EP  - 3797
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present the results of the asteroseismic analysis of the red-giant star KIC 4351319 (TYC 3124-914-1), observed for 30 d in short-cadence mode with the  Kepler satellite. The analysis has allowed us to determine the large and small frequency separations, Hz and Hz, respectively, and the frequency of maximum oscillation power, Hz. The high signal-to-noise ratio of the observations allowed us to identify 25 independent pulsation modes whose frequencies range approximately from 300 to Hz. The observed oscillation frequencies together with the accurate determination of the atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, gravity and metallicity), provided by additional ground-based spectroscopic observations, enabled us to theoretically interpret the observed oscillation spectrum. KIC 4351319 appears to oscillate with a well-defined solar-type p-mode pattern due to radial acoustic modes and non-radial nearly pure p modes. In addition, several non-radial mixed modes have been identified. Theoretical models well reproduce the observed oscillation frequencies and indicate that this star, located at the base of the ascending red-giant branch, is in the hydrogen-shell-burning phase, with a mass of ∼1.3 M⊙, a radius of and an age of ∼5.6 Gyr. The main parameters of this star have been determined with an unprecedented level of precision for a red-giant star, with uncertainties of 2 per cent for mass, 7 per cent for age, 1 per cent for radius and 4 per cent for luminosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED giants
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - SPECTRA
N1  - Accession Number: 64995059; Di Mauro, M. P. 1 Cardini, D. 1 Catanzaro, G. 2 Ventura, R. 2 Barban, C. 3 Bedding, T. R. 4 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 5 De Ridder, J. 6 Hekker, S. 7,8 Huber, D. 4 Kallinger, T. 9,10 Miglio, A. 7,11 Montalban, J. 11 Mosser, B. 3 Stello, D. 4 Uytterhoeven, K. 12,13 Kinemuchi, K. 14 Kjeldsen, H. 5 Mullally, F. 15 Still, M. 14; Affiliation:  1: INAF - IASF, Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  2: INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy  3: LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis, Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  4: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  5: Institut for Fysik og Astronomi, Bygn. 1520, Aarhus Universitet, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  6: Institut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  7: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT  8: Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada  10: Institute of Astronomy, University of Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria  11: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géofisique de l'Universitè de Liège, Allè du 6 Aout 17-B 4000 Liège, Belgium  12: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, CEA, IRFU, SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  13: Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik, Schöneckstraße 6, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany  14: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  15: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 415 Issue 4, p3783; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: SPECTRA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.18996.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64995059&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Callahan, Michael P.
AU  - Smith, Karen E.
AU  - Cleaves II, H. James
AU  - Ruzicka, Josef
AU  - Stern, Jennifer C.
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
AU  - House, Christopher H.
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
T1  - Carbonaceous meteorites contain a wide range of extraterrestrial nucleobases.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2011/08/23/
VL  - 108
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 13995
EP  - 13998
SN  - 00278424
AB  - All terrestrial organisms depend on nucleic acids (RNA and DNA), which use pyrimidine and purine nucleobases to encode genetic information. Carbon-rich meteorites may have been important sources of organic compounds required for the emergence of life on the early Earth; however, the origin and formation of nucleobases in meteorites has been debated for over 50 y. So far, the few nucleobases reported in meteorites are biologically common and lacked the structural diversity typical of other indigenous meteoritic organics. Here, we investigated the abundance and distribution of nucleobases and nucleobase analogs in formic acid extracts of 12 different meteorites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The Murchison and Lonewolf Nunataks 94102 meteorites contained a diverse suite of nucleobases, which included three unusual and terrestrially rare nucleobase analogs: purine, 2,6-diaminopurine, and 6,8-diaminopurine. In a parallel experiment, we found an identical suite of nucleobases and nucleobase analogs generated in reactions of ammonium cyanide. Additionally, these nucleobase analogs were not detected above our parts-per-billion detection limits in any of the procedural blanks, control samples, a terrestrial soil sample, and an Antarctic ice sample. Our results demonstrate that the purines detected in meteorites are consistent with products of ammonium cyanide chemistry, which provides a plausible mechanism for their synthesis in the asteroid parent bodies, and strongly supports an extraterrestrial origin. The discovery of new nucleobase analogs in meteorites also expands the prebiotic molecular inventory available for constructing the first genetic molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - RNA
KW  - DNA
KW  - PYRIMIDINES
KW  - PURINES
KW  - ORIGIN of life
KW  - LIQUID chromatography
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 65170595; Callahan, Michael P. 1; Email Address: michael.p.callahan@nasa.gov Smith, Karen E. 2 Cleaves II, H. James 3 Ruzicka, Josef 4 Stern, Jennifer C. 1 Glavin, Daniel P. 1 House, Christopher H. 4 Dworkin, Jason P. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center and The Goddard Center for Astrobiology, Greenbelt, MD 20771  2: Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 220 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802  3: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015  4: Scientific Instruments Division, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Somerset, NJ 08873; Source Info: 8/23/2011, Vol. 108 Issue 34, p13995; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: DNA; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINES; Subject Term: PURINES; Subject Term: ORIGIN of life; Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1106493108
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65170595&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper, George
AU  - Reed, Chris
AU  - Dang Nguyen
AU  - Carter, Malika
AU  - Yi Wang
T1  - Detection and formation scenario of citric acid, pyruvic acid, and other possible metabolism precursors in carbonaceous meteorites.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2011/08/23/
VL  - 108
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 14015
EP  - 14020
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Carbonaceous meteorites deliver a variety of organic compounds to Earth that may have played a role in the origin and/or evolution of biochemical pathways. Some apparently ancient and critical metabolic processes require several compounds, some of which are relatively labile such as keto acids. Therefore, a prebiotic setting for any such individual process would have required either a continuous distant source for the entire suite of intact precursor molecules and/or an energetic and compact local synthesis, particularly of the more fragile members. To date, compounds such as pyruvic acid, oxaloacetic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, and α-ketoglutaric acid (all members of the citric acid cycle) have not been identified in extraterrestrial sources or, as a group, as part of a "one pot" suite of compounds synthesized under plausibly prebiotic conditions. We have identified these compounds and others in carbonaceous meteorites and/or as low temperature (laboratory) reaction products of pyruvic acid. In meteorites, we observe many as part of three newly reported classes of compounds: keto acids (pyruvic acid and homologs), hydroxy tricarboxylic acids (citric acid and homologs), and tricarboxylic acids. Laboratory syntheses using 13C-labeled reactants demonstrate that one compound alone, pyruvic acid, can produce several (nonenzymatic) members of the citric acid cycle including oxaloacetic acid. The isotopic composition of some of the meteoritic keto acids points to interstellar or presolar origins, indicating that such compounds might also exist in other planetary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CITRIC acid
KW  - PYRUVIC acid
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - KETONIC acids
KW  - Alan Hills
KW  - citrate
KW  - interstellar nitriles
KW  - Murchison meteorite
KW  - pyruvate
N1  - Accession Number: 65170599; Cooper, George 1; Email Address: george.cooper@nasa.gov Reed, Chris 1 Dang Nguyen 1 Carter, Malika 1 Yi Wang 2; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Development, Planning, Research, and Analysis/ZymaX Forensics Isotope, 600 South Andreasen Drive, Suite B, Escondido, CA 92029; Source Info: 8/23/2011, Vol. 108 Issue 34, p14015; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CITRIC acid; Subject Term: PYRUVIC acid; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: KETONIC acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alan Hills; Author-Supplied Keyword: citrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar nitriles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Murchison meteorite; Author-Supplied Keyword: pyruvate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1105715108
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65170599&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nakamura, Tomoki
AU  - Noguchi, Takaaki
AU  - Tanaka, Masahiko
AU  - Zolensky, Michael E.
AU  - Kimura, Makoto
AU  - Tsuchiyama, Akira
AU  - Nakato, Aiko
AU  - Ogami, Toshihiro
AU  - Ishida, Hatsumi
AU  - Uesugi, Masayuki
AU  - Yada, Toru
AU  - Shirai, Kei
AU  - Fujimura, Akio
AU  - Okazaki, Ryuji
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Ishibashi, Yukihiro
AU  - Abe, Masanao
AU  - Okada, Tatsuaki
AU  - Ueno, Munetaka
AU  - Mukai, Toshifumi
T1  - Itokawa Dust Particles: A Direct Link Between S-Type Asteroids and Ordinary Chondrites.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/08/26/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6046
M3  - Article
SP  - 1113
EP  - 1116
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article presents research on the mineralogy and mineral chemistry of dust particles brought back from the 25143 Itokawa near-Earth asteroid by the Hayabusa spacecraft. Using synchrotron-radiation x-ray diffraction the authors of the study determined that dust from Itokawa was identical to that of chondritic meteors which have undergone thermal metamorphosis. This indicates that S-type asteroids are the origin of chondrites. Evidence of thermal annealing and impact shock on regolith particles is also examined. Diagrams of poorly equilibrated particles, mineral contents in olivine crystals, and chromite composition of particles are presented.
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - MINERALOGY -- Research
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - CHROMITE
KW  - ITOKAWA (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 65317667; Nakamura, Tomoki 1; Email Address: tomoki@m.tohoku.ac.jp Noguchi, Takaaki 2 Tanaka, Masahiko 3 Zolensky, Michael E. 4 Kimura, Makoto 2 Tsuchiyama, Akira 5 Nakato, Aiko 1 Ogami, Toshihiro 1 Ishida, Hatsumi 1 Uesugi, Masayuki 6 Yada, Toru 6 Shirai, Kei 6 Fujimura, Akio 6 Okazaki, Ryuji 7 Sandford, Scott A. 8 Ishibashi, Yukihiro 6 Abe, Masanao 6 Okada, Tatsuaki 6 Ueno, Munetaka 6 Mukai, Toshifumi 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan  2: College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan  3: Synchrotron X-ray Station at SPring-8, National Institute for Materials Science, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan  4: ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  5: Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-0043, Japan  6: JAXA-ISAS, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812 8581, Japan  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/26/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6046, p1113; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: MINERALOGY -- Research; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: CHROMITE; Subject Term: ITOKAWA (Asteroid); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1207758
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65317667&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tsuchiyama, Akira
AU  - Uesugi, Masayuki
AU  - Matsushima, Takashi
AU  - Michikami, Tatsuhiro
AU  - Kadono, Toshihiko
AU  - Nakamura, Tomoki
AU  - Uesugi, Kentaro
AU  - Nakano, Tsukasa
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Noguchi, Ryo
AU  - Matsumoto, Toru
AU  - Matsuno, Junya
AU  - Nagano, Takashi
AU  - Imai, Yuta
AU  - Takeuchi, Akihisa
AU  - Suzuki, Yoshio
AU  - Ogami, Toshihiro
AU  - Katagiri, Jun
AU  - Ebihara, Mitsuru
AU  - Ireland, Trevor R.
T1  - Three-Dimensional Structure of Hayabusa Samples: Origin and Evolution of Itokawa Regolith.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/08/26/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6046
M3  - Article
SP  - 1125
EP  - 1128
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article presents research on the structure and origin of regolith particles from the asteroid Itokawa which were collected by the Hayabusa spacecraft. The authors used microtomography to analyze the bulk density, three-dimensional (3D) textures, and modal abundances of minerals in the samples, determining that the particles are a mix of LL chondrite materials. Scientists also observed a small amount of in situ melting, indicating that they were formed by meteoroid impacts. Diagrams and graphs are presented which show slice images, size distribution, and external shapes of Itokawa particles.
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - ITOKAWA (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 65317671; Tsuchiyama, Akira 1; Email Address: akira@ess.sci.osaka-u.ac.jp Uesugi, Masayuki 2 Matsushima, Takashi 3 Michikami, Tatsuhiro 4 Kadono, Toshihiko 5 Nakamura, Tomoki 6 Uesugi, Kentaro 7 Nakano, Tsukasa 8 Sandford, Scott A. 9 Noguchi, Ryo 1 Matsumoto, Toru 1 Matsuno, Junya 1 Nagano, Takashi 1 Imai, Yuta 1 Takeuchi, Akihisa 7 Suzuki, Yoshio 7 Ogami, Toshihiro 6 Katagiri, Jun 3 Ebihara, Mitsuru 10 Ireland, Trevor R. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan  2: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, 252-5210, Japan  3: Department of Engineering Mechanics and Energy, Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573, Japan  4: Fukushima National College of Technology, Iwaki, Fukushima, 970-8034, Japan  5: Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6 Yamadagaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan  6: Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan  7: Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring-8, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan  8: Geological Survey of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, 192-0397 Japan  11: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Source Info: 8/26/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6046, p1125; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: ITOKAWA (Asteroid); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1207807
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nagao, Keisuke
AU  - Okazaki, Ryuji
AU  - Nakamura, Tomoki
AU  - Miura, Yayoi N.
AU  - Osawa, Takahito
AU  - Bajo, Ken-ichi
AU  - Matsuda, Shintaro
AU  - Ebihara, Mitsuru
AU  - Ireland, Trevor R.
AU  - Kitajama, Fumio
AU  - Naraoka, Hiroshi
AU  - Noguchi, Takaaki
AU  - Tsuchiyama, Akira
AU  - Yurimoto, Hisayoshi
AU  - Zolensky, Michael E.
AU  - Uesugi, Masayuki
AU  - Shirai, Kei
AU  - Abe, Masanao
AU  - Yada, Toru
AU  - Ishibashi, Yukihiro
T1  - Irradiation History of Itokawa Regolith Material Deduced from Noble Gases in the Hayabusa Samples.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/08/26/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6046
M3  - Article
SP  - 1128
EP  - 1131
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Noble gas isotopes were measured in three rocky grains from asteroid Itokawa to elucidate a history of irradiation from cosmic rays and solar wind on its surface. Large amounts of solar helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) trapped in various depths in the grains were observed, which can be explained by multiple implantations of solar wind particles into the grains, combined with preferential He toss caused by frictional wear of space-weathered rims on the grains. Short residence time of less than 8 million years was implied for the grains by an estimate on cosmic-ray-produced 21Ne. Our results suggest that Itokawa is continuously losing its surface materials into space at a rate of tens of centimeters per million years. The lifetime of Itokawa should be much shorter than the age of our solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - COSMOCHRONOLOGY
KW  - SOLAR system -- Age
KW  - ITOKAWA (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 65317672; Nagao, Keisuke 1; Email Address: nagao@eqchem.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Okazaki, Ryuji 2 Nakamura, Tomoki 3 Miura, Yayoi N. 4 Osawa, Takahito 5 Bajo, Ken-ichi 1 Matsuda, Shintaro 1 Ebihara, Mitsuru 6 Ireland, Trevor R. 7 Kitajama, Fumio 2 Naraoka, Hiroshi 2 Noguchi, Takaaki 8 Tsuchiyama, Akira 9 Yurimoto, Hisayoshi 10 Zolensky, Michael E. 11 Uesugi, Masayuki 12 Shirai, Kei 12 Abe, Masanao 12 Yada, Toru 12 Ishibashi, Yukihiro 12; Affiliation:  1: GeochemicaI Research Center, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan  4: Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan  5: Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai-mura, Ibaraki, Japan  6: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan  7: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia  8: The College of Science at Ibaraki University, Mito, Ibaraki, Japan  9: Department of Earth and Space Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan  10: Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan  11: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  12: Institute of Space and Astronautical Sciences (ISAS) of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan; Source Info: 8/26/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6046, p1128; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: COSMOCHRONOLOGY; Subject Term: SOLAR system -- Age; Subject Term: ITOKAWA (Asteroid); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1207785
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rocha, Camilo
AU  - Muñoz, César
AU  - Dowek, Gilles
T1  - A formal library of set relations and its application to synchronous languages
JO  - Theoretical Computer Science
JF  - Theoretical Computer Science
Y1  - 2011/08/26/
VL  - 412
IS  - 37
M3  - Article
SP  - 4853
EP  - 4866
SN  - 03043975
AB  - Abstract: Set relations are particularly suitable for specifying the small-step operational semantics of synchronous languages. In this paper, a formal library of set relations for the definition, verification of properties, and execution of binary set relations is presented. The formal library consists of a set of theories written in the Prototype Verification System (PVS) that contains definitions and proofs of properties, such as determinism and compositionality, for synchronous relations. The paper also proposes a serialization procedure that enables the simulation of synchronous set relations via set rewriting systems. The library and the serialization procedure are illustrated with the rewriting logic semantics of the Plan Execution Interchange Language (PLEXIL), a rich synchronous plan execution language developed by NASA to support autonomous spacecraft operations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Computer Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SET theory
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SEMANTICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL proofs
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Plan execution
KW  - Rewriting logic semantics
KW  - Set relations
KW  - Small-step semantics
KW  - Synchronous languages
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 63568711; Rocha, Camilo 1; Email Address: hrochan2@cs.illinois.edu Muñoz, César 2; Email Address: cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov Dowek, Gilles 3; Email Address: gilles.dowek@polytechnique.fr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS. 130, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: École Polytechnique and INRIA, LIX, École Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau Cedex, France; Source Info: Aug2011, Vol. 412 Issue 37, p4853; Subject Term: SET theory; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SEMANTICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL proofs; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plan execution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rewriting logic semantics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Set relations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Small-step semantics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchronous languages; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tcs.2011.01.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, Naresh
AU  - Chu, Allen D.
AU  - Foster, Andrew D.
AU  - Peters, Thomas
AU  - Willis, Robert
T1  - Satellite Remote Sensing for Developing Time and Space Resolved Estimates of Ambient Particulate in Cleveland, OH.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 45
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1090
EP  - 1108
SN  - 02786826
AB  - This article empirically demonstrates the use of fine resolution satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) to develop time and space resolved estimates of ambient particulate matter (PM) ≤2.5 μm and ≤10 μm in aerodynamic diameters (PM2.5 and PM10, respectively). AOD was computed at three different spatial resolutions, i.e., 2 km (means 2 km × 2 km area at nadir), 5 km, and 10 km, by using the data from MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites. Multiresolution AOD from MODIS (AODMODIS) was compared with the in situ measurements of AOD by NASA's AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) sunphotometer (AODAERONET) at Bondville, IL, to demonstrate the advantages of the fine resolution AODMODIS over the 10-km AODMODIS, especially for air quality prediction. An instrumental regression that corrects AODMODIS for meteorological conditions was used for developing a PM predictive model. The 2-km AODMODIS aggregated within 0.025° and 15-min intervals shows the best association with the in situ measurements of AODAERONET. The 2-km AODMODIS seems more promising to estimate time and space resolved estimates of ambient PM than the 10-km AODMODIS, because of better location precision and a significantly greater number of data points across geographic space and time. Utilizing the collocated AODMODIS and PM data in Cleveland, OH, a regression model was developed for predicting PM for all AODMODIS data points. Our analysis suggests that the slope of the 2-km AODMODIS (instrumented on meteorological conditions) is close to unity with the PM monitored on the ground. These results should be interpreted with caution, because the slope of AODMODIS ranges from 0.52 to 1.72 in the site-specific models. In the cross validation of the overall model, the root mean square error (RMSE) of PM10 was smaller (2.04 μg/m3 in overall model) than that of PM2.5 (2.5 μg/m3). The predicted PM in the AODMODIS data (∼2.34 million data points) was utilized to develop a systematic grid of daily PM at 5-km spatial resolution with the aid of spatiotemporal Kriging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - CLEVELAND (Ohio)
KW  - OHIO
N1  - Accession Number: 60507772; Kumar, Naresh 1 Chu, Allen D. 2 Foster, Andrew D. 3 Peters, Thomas 4 Willis, Robert 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Washington, District of Columbia, USA  3: Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA  4: Department of Occupation and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA  5: Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 45 Issue 9, p1090; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: CLEVELAND (Ohio); Subject Term: OHIO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 9 Charts, 4 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2011.581256
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ROGERS, LESLIE A.
AU  - BODENHEIMER, PETER
AU  - LISSAUER, JACK J.
AU  - SEAGER, SARA
T1  - FORMATION AND STRUCTURE OF LOW-DENSITY EXO-NEPTUNES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 738
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Kepler has found hundreds of Neptune-size (2-6 R⊕)  planet candidates within 0.5  AU of their stars. The nature of the vast majority of these planets is not  known  because their masses have not been measured. Using theoretical models of  planet  formation, evolution, and structure, we explore the range of minimum  plausible  masses for low-density exo-Neptunes. We focus on highly irradiated planets  with  Teq ⩾ 500 K. We consider two separate formation pathways  for low-mass planets  with voluminous atmospheres of light gases: core-nucleated accretion and  outgassing of hydrogen from dissociated ices. We show that Neptune-size  planets  at Teq = 500 K with masses as small as a few times that of Earth  can plausibly  be formed by core-nucleated accretion coupled with subsequent inward  migration.  We also derive a limiting low-density mass-radius relation for rocky planets  with  outgassed hydrogen envelopes but no surface water. Rocky planets with  outgassed  hydrogen envelopes typically have computed radii well below 3  R⊕. For both  planets with H/He envelopes from core-nucleated accretion and planets with  outgassed hydrogen envelopes, we employ planet interior models to map the  range  of planet mass-envelope mass-equilibrium temperature parameter space that is  consistent with Neptune-size planet radii. Atmospheric mass loss mediates  which  corners of this parameter space are populated by actual planets and  ultimately  governs the minimum plausible mass at a specified transit radius. We find  that  Kepler's 2-6 R⊕ planet candidates at Teq =  500-1000 K could potentially have masses ≲4 M⊕.  Although  our quantitative results depend on several assumptions,  our qualitative finding that warm Neptune-size planets can have masses  substantially smaller than those given by interpolating the masses and radii  of  planets within our Solar System is robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEPTUNE (Planet)
KW  - NEPTUNE (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - MASS loss (Astrophysics)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - planets and satellites: formation
KW  - planets and satellites: interiors
N1  - Accession Number: 66860685; ROGERS, LESLIE A. 1 BODENHEIMER, PETER 2 LISSAUER, JACK J. 3 SEAGER, SARA 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 738 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NEPTUNE (Planet); Subject Term: NEPTUNE (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: MASS loss (Astrophysics); Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: interiors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/59
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SHARIFF, KARIM
AU  - CUZZI, JEFFREY N.
T1  - GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY OF SOLIDS ASSISTED BY GAS DRAG: SLOWING BY TURBULENT MASS DIFFUSIVITY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 738
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Goldreich & Ward (axisymmetric) gravitational instability of a  razor thin  particle layer occurs when the Toomre parameter QT ≡  cpΩ0/πGΣp < 1 (cp  being the  particle dispersion velocity). Ward extended this analysis by adding the  effect of  gas drag upon particles and found that even when QT > 1,  sufficiently long waves  were always unstable. Youdin carried out a detailed analysis and showed that  the  instability allows chondrule-sized (~1 mm) particles to undergo radial  clumping  with reasonable growth times even in the presence of a moderate amount of  turbulent stirring. The analysis of Youdin includes the role of turbulence in  setting the thickness of the dust layer and in creating a turbulent particle  pressure in the momentum equation. However, he ignores the effect of  turbulent  mass diffusivity on the disturbance wave. Here, we show that including this  effect  reduces the growth rate significantly, by an amount that depends on the level  of  turbulence, and reduces the maximum intensity of turbulence the instability  can  withstand by 1-3 orders of magnitude. The instability is viable only when  turbulence is extremely weak and the solid to gas surface density of the  particle  layer is considerably enhanced over minimum-mass-nebula values. A simple  mechanistic explanation of the instability shows how the azimuthal component  of  drag promotes instability while the radial component hinders it. A  gravito-diffusive overstability is also possible but never realized in the  nebula models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - protoplanetary disks
N1  - Accession Number: 66860699; SHARIFF, KARIM 1 CUZZI, JEFFREY N. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 738 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/738/1/73
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Silverman, Morgan L.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Creilson, John K.
T1  - A study of regional-scale variability of in situ and model-generated tropospheric trace gases: Insights into observational requirements for a satellite in geostationary orbit
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 45
IS  - 27
M3  - Article
SP  - 4682
EP  - 4694
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: We examine the results from a regional-scale chemical-transport model with 4-km resolution to determine the spatial variability of trace gases on this scale. Model-derived variability statistics are generated using 1st-order structure functions and then compared with in situ trace gas measurements from a series of aircraft campaigns. The variability of the observations and the model-derived concentrations are found to be in reasonable agreement for O3 and CO, but the model underestimates the observed variability of NO2. Variability statistics are then calculated for model-derived tropospheric column integrals. These integrals are calculated for 0–10 km (representative of the entire tropospheric column), 0–2 km (representative of the planetary boundary layer, PBL) and 2–10 km (representative of the free troposphere, FT). For each of the species examined, the variability of the tropospheric column is generally controlled by the variability in the lowest 2 km. The degree of control for each trace gas, however, is different. Whereas NO2 is completely dominated by PBL processes, CO variability in the FT contributes appreciably to the variability of the entire tropospheric column, suggesting that two independent pieces of information for CO would be most helpful for describing the variability of the entire tropospheric column. Likewise, the variability of an independent free tropospheric measurement of O3 would provide additional insight into the observed variability of the entire column, but the amount of additional information provided by a separate FT measurement is not as beneficial to what was found for CO. We provide additional analyses to quantify relationships that can be used to better understand the model-derived structure functions and their dependence on grid size and time of day. Lastly we present a practical example of how this information may be used for guidance in the development of science requirements for future satellite instruments since measurements from these instruments must be able to resolve smaller scale gradients to be used successfully for air quality applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRACE gases
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - ORBITS of artificial satellites
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - Regional modeling
KW  - Trace gas variability
KW  - Tropospheric chemistry
KW  - Tropospheric trace gas satellite measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 63223604; Fishman, Jack 1; Email Address: jfishma2@slu.edu Silverman, Morgan L. 1,2 Crawford, James H. 1 Creilson, John K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 45 Issue 27, p4682; Subject Term: TRACE gases; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: ORBITS of artificial satellites; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trace gas variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric trace gas satellite measurements; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
AU  - Obland, M. D.
AU  - Butler, C. F.
AU  - Cook, A. L.
AU  - Harper, D. B.
AU  - Froyd, K. D.
T1  - Aerosol classification using airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar measurements – methodology and examples.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 4
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 5631
EP  - 5688
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article examines the effectiveness of airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measurements for aerosol classification. It states that the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) HSRL applies technique to retrieve aerosol extinction, aerosol optical thickness, backscatter, and depolarization profiles. The HSRL-based classification found vertical variability of aerosol types during the field mission conducted in Alaska and northwest Canada.
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Research
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 67466930; Burton, S. P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov Ferrare, R. A. 1 Hostetler, C. A. 1 Hair, J. W. 1 Rogers, R. R. 1 Obland, M. D. 1 Butler, C. F. 2 Cook, A. L. 1 Harper, D. B. 1 Froyd, K. D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, 23681, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton VA, 23666, USA  3: Chemical Science Division, ESRL, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 5, p5631; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Research; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 58p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 9 Graphs, 9 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-4-5631-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67466930&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McFarquhar, Greg
AU  - Schmid, Beat
AU  - Korolev, Alexei
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Russell, Philip B.
AU  - Tomlinson, Jason
AU  - Turner, David D.
AU  - Wiscombe, Warren
T1  - Airborne Intrumentation Needs for Climate and Atmospheric Research.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 92
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1193
EP  - 1196
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - No Abstract available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GOVERNMENT agencies -- United States
KW  - FORUMS (Discussion & debate)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - CONGRESSES
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - NATIONAL Science Foundation (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 66867314; McFarquhar, Greg 1 Schmid, Beat 2 Korolev, Alexei 3 Ogren, John A. 4 Russell, Philip B. 5 Tomlinson, Jason 2 Turner, David D. 6 Wiscombe, Warren 7; Affiliation:  1: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois  2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  3: Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada  4: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  6: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 92 Issue 9, p1193; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT agencies -- United States; Subject Term: FORUMS (Discussion & debate); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: CONGRESSES; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Science Foundation (U.S.); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2011BAMS3180.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66867314&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bala, G.
AU  - Caldeira, Ken
AU  - Nemani, Rama
AU  - Cao, Long
AU  - Ban-Weiss, George
AU  - Shin, Ho-Jeong
T1  - Albedo enhancement of marine clouds to counteract global warming: impacts on the hydrological cycle.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 37
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 915
EP  - 931
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - Recent studies have shown that changes in solar radiation affect the hydrological cycle more strongly than equivalent CO changes for the same change in global mean surface temperature. Thus, solar radiation management 'geoengineering' proposals to completely offset global mean temperature increases by reducing the amount of absorbed sunlight might be expected to slow the global water cycle and reduce runoff over land. However, proposed countering of global warming by increasing the albedo of marine clouds would reduce surface solar radiation only over the oceans. Here, for an idealized scenario, we analyze the response of temperature and the hydrological cycle to increased reflection by clouds over the ocean using an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed layer ocean model. When cloud droplets are reduced in size over all oceans uniformly to offset the temperature increase from a doubling of atmospheric CO, the global-mean precipitation and evaporation decreases by about 1.3% but runoff over land increases by 7.5% primarily due to increases over tropical land. In the model, more reflective marine clouds cool the atmospheric column over ocean. The result is a sinking motion over oceans and upward motion over land. We attribute the increased runoff over land to this increased upward motion over land when marine clouds are made more reflective. Our results suggest that, in contrast to other proposals to increase planetary albedo, offsetting mean global warming by reducing marine cloud droplet size does not necessarily lead to a drying, on average, of the continents. However, we note that the changes in precipitation, evaporation and P-E are dominated by small but significant areas, and given the highly idealized nature of this study, a more thorough and broader assessment would be required for proposals of altering marine cloud properties on a large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - MARINE meteorology
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL engineering
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Geoengineering
KW  - Global warming
KW  - Hydrological cycle
KW  - Marine cloud-albedo enhancement
KW  - Solar radiation management
N1  - Accession Number: 65101874; Bala, G.; Email Address: bala.gov@gmail.com Caldeira, Ken 1 Nemani, Rama 2 Cao, Long 1 Ban-Weiss, George 1 Shin, Ho-Jeong 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street Stanford 94305 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 37 Issue 5/6, p915; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: MARINE meteorology; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geoengineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrological cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine cloud-albedo enhancement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar radiation management; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-010-0868-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65101874&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamada, Y.
AU  - Ziegler, B.
AU  - Newman, J.C.
T1  - Application of a strip-yield model to predict crack growth under variable-amplitude and spectrum loading – Part 1: Compact specimens
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 78
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2597
EP  - 2608
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Abstract: Fatigue-crack-growth tests were conducted on compact, C(T), specimens made of D16Cz (clad) aluminum alloy under constant-amplitude loading, a single spike overload, and simulated aircraft spectrum loading. Constant-amplitude tests were conducted to generate crack-growth-rate data from threshold to near fracture over a wide range of stress ratios (R = P min/P max =0.1–0.75) using the new compression pre-cracking test methods. Comparisons were made between test data generated on the C(T) specimens with test data from the literature on middle-crack-tension, M(T), specimens machined from the same sheet. A crack-closure analysis was used to collapse the rate data from both specimen types into a narrow band over many orders of magnitude in rates using proper constraint factors. The constraint factors were established from constant-amplitude (CA) and single-spike overload tests. The life-prediction code, FASTRAN, which is based on the strip-yield model concept, was used to calculate crack-length-against-cycles under CA loading and a single-spike overload (OL) test, and to predict crack growth under simulated aircraft spectrum loading tests on C(T) specimens. The calculated crack-growth lives under CA loading were generally within about ±25% of the test results, but slower crack growth under the double-shear fatigue mode, unlike the single-shear mode (45o slant crack growth), may be the reason for some of the larger differences. The predicted results under the single-spike overload and the Mini-Falstaff+spectrum were within 10% of the test data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys -- Fatigue
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Aluminum alloy
KW  - Crack closure
KW  - Cracks
KW  - Fatigue-crack growth
KW  - Plasticity
KW  - Stress–intensity factor
N1  - Accession Number: 64883918; Yamada, Y. 1 Ziegler, B. 2 Newman, J.C. 2; Email Address: j.c.newman@ae.msstate.edu; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute at NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Mississippi State University, Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 78 Issue 14, p2597; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys -- Fatigue; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue-crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress–intensity factor; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.06.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64883918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ziegler, B.
AU  - Yamada, Y.
AU  - Newman, J.C.
T1  - Application of a strip-yield model to predict crack growth under variable-amplitude and spectrum loading – Part 2: Middle-crack-tension specimens
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 78
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2609
EP  - 2619
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Abstract: In previous work, fatigue-crack-growth tests were conducted on middle-crack tension, M(T), and compact, C(T), specimens made from the same D16Cz (clad) aluminum alloy sheet. These tests were conducted over a wide range of stress ratios (R = P min/P max =−0.5 to 0.75) to generate crack-growth-rate data from threshold to near fracture. These tests were used to generate the effective stress-intensity factor range (ΔKeff ) against rate curve using a crack-closure model. The analyses collapsed the rate data from both specimen types into a fairly narrow band over many orders of magnitude in rates using proper constraint factors. Constraint factors were established from single-spike overload and the constant-amplitude tests. Herein, the life-prediction code, FASTRAN, which is based on the strip-yield model concept, was used to calculate the crack-length-against-cycles under constant-amplitude (CA) loading and the single-spike overload (OL) tests; and to predict crack growth under variable-amplitude (VA) loading and simulated aircraft loading spectrum tests on the M(T) specimens. The calculated crack-growth lives under CA and an OL tests were generally within ±20% of the test results, but slower crack growth under the double-shear fatigue mode, rather than single shear, may be the reason for some of the larger differences. The predicted crack-growth lives for the VA and Mini-Falstaff spectrum tests were also short by 25–45%. A modified model with some assumed notch constraint effects matched the spectrum tests quite well. Issues on the crack-starter-notch effects under spectrum loading are discussed, and recommendations are suggested on avoiding these notch effects. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys -- Fatigue
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - NOTCH effect
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - Aluminum alloy
KW  - Crack closure
KW  - Cracks
KW  - Fatigue-crack growth
KW  - Plasticity
KW  - Stress-intensity factor
N1  - Accession Number: 64883919; Ziegler, B. 1 Yamada, Y. 2 Newman, J.C. 1; Email Address: j.c.newman@ae.msstate.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mississippi State University, Aerospace Engineering, MS 39762, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute at NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 78 Issue 14, p2609; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys -- Fatigue; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: NOTCH effect; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue-crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress-intensity factor; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.06.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64883919&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Marzo, Giuseppe A.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina M.
T1  - Iapetus surface variability revealed from statistical clustering of a VIMS mosaic: The distribution of CO2
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 215
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 82
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present a detailed study of an Iapetus mosaic of VIMS data with high spatial resolution (0.5×0.5° or ∼6.4km/pixel). The spectra were taken in August 2007 and provide the highest VIMS spatial resolution data for this object during Cassini’s primary mission. We analyze this set of data using a statistical clustering approach to reduce the analysis of a large number of data (∼104 spectra from 0.35 to 5.10μm) to the study of seven representative groups accounting for 99.6% of the surface covered by the original sample. We analyze the spectral absorption bands in the spectra of the different clusters indicative of different composition over the observed surface. We find coherence between the distribution of the clusters and the geographical features on the surface. We give special attention to the study of the water ice and CO2 bands. We find that CO2 is widespread over the entire surface being studied, including the bright and dark areas on Iapetus’ surface, and is probably trapped at the molecular level with other materials. The strength of the CO2 band in the areas where both, H2O- and carbon-bearing materials exist, gives support to the hypothesis that this volatile is formed on the surface of Iapetus as a product of irradiation of these two components. Finally, we also compare the Iapetus CO2 with that on other satellites confirming, that there are evident differences on the center, depth and width of the band on Iapetus and Phoebe, where CO2 has been suggested to be endogenous. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROSCOPIC imaging
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - ENERGY bands
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - IAPETUS (Satellite)
KW  - PHOEBE (Satellite)
KW  - Iapetus
KW  - Ices
KW  - Satellites, Composition
KW  - Satellites, Surfaces
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 65054250; Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi 1; Email Address: npinilla@seti.org Roush, Ted L. 2 Marzo, Giuseppe A. 3 Cruikshank, Dale P. 2 Dalle Ore, Cristina M. 2,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, Resident Research Associated at NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy  4: SETI Institute, Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 215 Issue 1, p75; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPIC imaging; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: ENERGY bands; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: IAPETUS (Satellite); Subject Term: PHOEBE (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Iapetus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.07.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65054250&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, James
AU  - Johnson, J. T.
AU  - Majurec, Ninoslav
AU  - Niamsuwan, Noppasin
AU  - Piepmeier, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Mohammed, Priscilla N.
AU  - Ruf, Christopher S.
AU  - Misra, Sidharth
AU  - Yueh, Simon H.
AU  - Dinardo, Steve J.
T1  - Airborne L-Band Radio Frequency Interference Observations From the SMAPVEX08 Campaign and Associated Flights.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 49
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3359
EP  - 3370
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Statistics of radio frequency interference (RFI) observed in the band 1398–1422 MHz during an airborne campaign in the United States are reported for use in analysis and forecasting of L-band RFI for microwave radiometry. The observations were conducted from September to October 2008, and included approximately 92 h of flight time, of which approximately 20 h of “transit” or dedicated RFI observing flights are used in compiling the statistics presented. The observations used include outbound and return flights from Colorado to Maryland, as well as RFI surveys over large cities. The Passive Active L-Band Sensor (PALS) radiometer of NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory augmented by three dedicated RFI observing systems was used in these observations. The complete system as well as the associated RFI characterization approaches are described, along with the resulting RFI statistical information and examinations of specific RFI sources. The results show that RFI in the protected L-band spectrum is common over North America, although the resulting interference when extrapolated to satellite observations will appear as “low-level” corruption that will be difficult to detect for traditional radiometer systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - OPTICAL interference
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Antenna measurements
KW  - Bandwidth
KW  - Brightness
KW  - Calibration
KW  - L-band
KW  - Microwave radiometry
KW  - radio frequency interference
KW  - Radiometry
KW  - Soil moisture
N1  - Accession Number: 65089091; Park, James 1 Johnson, J. T. 1 Majurec, Ninoslav 1 Niamsuwan, Noppasin 2 Piepmeier, Jeffrey R. 3 Mohammed, Priscilla N. 4 Ruf, Christopher S. 5 Misra, Sidharth 5 Yueh, Simon H. 6 Dinardo, Steve J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU), Columbus, OH, USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Ohio State University (OSU) , Columbus, OH, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, (GSFC) , Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 49 Issue 9, p3359; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: OPTICAL interference; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bandwidth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brightness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: L-band; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio frequency interference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2107560
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bolton, Matthew L.
AU  - Siminiceanu, Radu I.
AU  - Bass, Ellen J.
T1  - A Systematic Approach to Model Checking Human–Automation Interaction Using Task Analytic Models.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 41
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 961
EP  - 976
SN  - 10834427
AB  - Formal methods are typically used in the analysis of complex system components that can be described as “automated” (digital circuits, devices, protocols, and software). Human–automation interaction has been linked to system failure, where problems stem from human operators interacting with an automated system via its controls and information displays. As part of the process of designing and analyzing human–automation interaction, human factors engineers use task analytic models to capture the descriptive and normative human operator behavior. In order to support the integration of task analyses into the formal verification of larger system models, we have developed the enhanced operator function model (EOFM) as an Extensible Markup Language-based, platform- and analysis-independent language for describing task analytic models. We present the formal syntax and semantics of the EOFM and an automated process for translating an instantiated EOFM into the model checking language Symbolic Analysis Laboratory. We present an evaluation of the scalability of the translation algorithm. We then present an automobile cruise control example to illustrate how an instantiated EOFM can be integrated into a larger system model that includes environmental features and the human operator's mission. The system model is verified using model checking in order to analyze a potentially hazardous situation related to the human–automation interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man & Cybernetics: Part A is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - COMPLEXITY (Philosophy)
KW  - DIGITAL electronics
KW  - XML (Document markup language)
KW  - FORMAL methods (Computer science)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - Analytical models
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Formal methods
KW  - human–automation interaction
KW  - Humans
KW  - model checking
KW  - Object oriented modeling
KW  - Syntactics
KW  - task analysis
KW  - Visualization
KW  - XML
N1  - Accession Number: 64470297; Bolton, Matthew L. 1 Siminiceanu, Radu I. 2 Bass, Ellen J. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, San Jose State University Research Foundation, Moffet Field, CA, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p961; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: COMPLEXITY (Philosophy); Subject Term: DIGITAL electronics; Subject Term: XML (Document markup language); Subject Term: FORMAL methods (Computer science); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analytical models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formal methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: human–automation interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Humans; Author-Supplied Keyword: model checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Object oriented modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Syntactics; Author-Supplied Keyword: task analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: XML; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TSMCA.2011.2109709
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64470297&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SIMONS, RAINEE N.
AU  - WINTUCKY, EDWIN G.
AU  - FREEMAN, JON C.
AU  - CHEVALIER, CHRISTINE T.
T1  - HIGH EFFICIENCY KA-BAND MMIC SSPA POWER COMBINER FOR NASA'S SPACE COMMUNICATIONS.
JO  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
JF  - International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 405
EP  - 415
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 01291564
AB  - In this paper, we will review the design, construction and performance of the two-way Ka-band waveguide branch-line and asymmetric magic-T based unequal power combiners. The manufactured combiners were designed to combine input signals that are equal in phase and with an amplitude ratio of two. Next, the design, construction and performance of a three-way branch-line unequal power combiner, achieved by serially interconnecting two 2-way branch-line hybrids and optimizing the dimensions using software tools, is presented. The application of the two-way and three-way combiners for combining the output from two or three MMIC PAs was demonstrated. The observed efficiencies for all three power combining configurations are 90 percent or greater at Ka-band (31.8 to 32.3 GHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of High Speed Electronics & Systems is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE communication systems
KW  - POWER amplifiers
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - MAGNETIC couplings
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - microwave communications
KW  - MMIC power amplifiers
KW  - SSPA power combining
KW  - waveguide couplers
N1  - Accession Number: 76609241; SIMONS, RAINEE N. 1; Email Address: Rainee.N.Simons@nasa.gov WINTUCKY, EDWIN G. 1 FREEMAN, JON C. 1 CHEVALIER, CHRISTINE T. 2; Email Address: christine.t.chevalier@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States of America  2: QinetiQ North America Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States of America; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p405; Subject Term: MICROWAVE communication systems; Subject Term: POWER amplifiers; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: MAGNETIC couplings; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: MMIC power amplifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: SSPA power combining; Author-Supplied Keyword: waveguide couplers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caruso, Tancredi
AU  - Chan, Yuki
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C
AU  - Lau, Maggie C Y
AU  - McKay, Christopher P
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B
T1  - Stochastic and deterministic processes interact in the assembly of desert microbial communities on a global scale.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1406
EP  - 1413
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Extreme arid regions in the worlds' major deserts are typified by quartz pavement terrain. Cryptic hypolithic communities colonize the ventral surface of quartz rocks and this habitat is characterized by a relative lack of environmental and trophic complexity. Combined with readily identifiable major environmental stressors this provides a tractable model system for determining the relative role of stochastic and deterministic drivers in community assembly. Through analyzing an original, worldwide data set of 16S rRNA-gene defined bacterial communities from the most extreme deserts on the Earth, we show that functional assemblages within the communities were subject to different assembly influences. Null models applied to the photosynthetic assemblage revealed that stochastic processes exerted most effect on the assemblage, although the level of community dissimilarity varied between continents in a manner not always consistent with neutral models. The heterotrophic assemblages displayed signatures of niche processes across four continents, whereas in other cases they conformed to neutral predictions. Importantly, for continents where neutrality was either rejected or accepted, assembly drivers differed between the two functional groups. This study demonstrates that multi-trophic microbial systems may not be fully described by a single set of niche or neutral assembly rules and that stochasticity is likely a major determinant of such systems, with significant variation in the influence of these determinants on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTREME environments -- Microbiology
KW  - DESERT ecology
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - RNA
KW  - BACTERIAL genetics
KW  - QUARTZ
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
N1  - Accession Number: 64671632; Caruso, Tancredi 1 Chan, Yuki 2 Lacap, Donnabella C 2 Lau, Maggie C Y 2 McKay, Christopher P 3 Pointing, Stephen B 2; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Biologie, Plant Ecology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany  2: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 5 Issue 9, p1406; Subject Term: EXTREME environments -- Microbiology; Subject Term: DESERT ecology; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: BACTERIAL genetics; Subject Term: QUARTZ; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2011.21
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64671632&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vargas, Mario
AU  - Feo, Alex
T1  - Deformation and Breakup of Water Droplets near an Airfoil Leading Edge.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1749
EP  - 1765
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This work presents the results of an experimental study on droplet deformation and breakup near the leading edge of an airfoil. The experiment was conducted in the rotating rig test cell at the National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA) in Madrid, Spain. An airfoil model placed at the end of the rotating arm was moved at speeds of 50 to 90 m/s. A monosized droplet generator was employed to produce droplets that were allowed to fall from above, perpendicular to the path of the airfoil at a given location. High-speed imaging was employed to observe the interaction between the droplets and the airfoil. The high-speed imaging allowed observation of droplet deformation and breakup as the droplet approached the airfoil near the stagnation line. A tracking software program was used to measure, from the high-speed movies, the horizontal and vertical displacement of the droplet against time. The velocity, acceleration, Weber number, Bond number, Reynolds number, and drag coefficients were calculated along the path of a given droplet from the beginning of the deformation to the breakup and/or hitting of the airfoil. Results are presented for droplets with a diameter of 490 p.m at airfoil speeds of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 m/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATION potential
KW  - POTENTIAL barrier
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 67276298; Vargas, Mario 1 Feo, Alex 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Brook Park, Ohio 44135  2: National Institute of Aerospace Technology (INTA), 28850 Madrid, Spain; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p1749; Subject Term: DEFORMATION potential; Subject Term: POTENTIAL barrier; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031363
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67276298&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berton, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Guynn, Mark D.
T1  - Multi-Objective Optimization of a Turbofan for an Advanced, Single-Aisle Transport.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1805
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Considerable interest surrounds the design of the next generation of single-aisle commercial transports in the Boeing 737 and Airbus A320 class. Aircraft designers will depend on advanced, next-generation turbofan engines to power these airplanes. The focus of this study is to apply single- and multi-objective optimization algorithms to the conceptual design of ultrahigh bypass turbofan engines for this class of aircraft, using NASA's Subsonic Fixed Wing Project metrics as multidisciplinary objectives for optimization. The independent design variables investigated include three continuous variables: sea level static thrust, wing reference area, and aerodynamic design point fan pressure ratio, and four discrete variables: overall pressure ratio, fan drive system architecture (i.e., direct- or gear-driven), bypass nozzle architecture (i.e., fixed- or variable geometry), and the high- and low-pressure compressor work split. Ramp weight, fuel burn, noise, and emissions are the parameters treated as dependent objective functions. These optimized solutions provide insight to the ultrahigh bypass engine design process and provide information to NASA program management to help guide its technology development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - AIRBUS A320 (Jet transport)
KW  - AIRBUS aircraft
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 67276302; Berton, Jeffrey J. 1 Guynn, Mark D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p1795; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: AIRBUS A320 (Jet transport); Subject Term: AIRBUS aircraft; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031333
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67276302&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chachere, John Marvin
AU  - Haymaker, John Riker
T1  - Framework for Measuring the Rationale Clarity of AEC Design Decisions.
JO  - Journal of Architectural Engineering
JF  - Journal of Architectural Engineering
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 17
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 96
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 10760431
AB  - Current architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) design processes often rely on precedent to resolve complex decisions. However, changes to stakeholder concerns, design methods, and building products devalue much of this precedent knowledge. Project teams need to clearly communicate their decision rationale to develop consensus about design decisions. This study reviews a broad range of relevant theory from decision-based design, decision analysis, decision theory, linguistics, logic, organization theory, and social welfare. Rationale is defined as a set of assertions regarding distinct components (i.e., managers, stakeholders, designers, gatekeepers, goals, constraints, alternatives, and analysis) that support design decisions. Conditions of clarity (i.e., coherent, concrete, connected, consistent, credible, certain, and correct) are also defined. These definitions are used to measure the clarity of assertions, components, and the rationale as a whole. Taken together, this rationale clarity framework (RCF) provides a structured view that enables an objective evaluation of design decision methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Architectural Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - CONSTRUCTION projects
KW  - ARCHITECTURE
KW  - ENGINEERING
N1  - Accession Number: 65302834; Chachere, John Marvin 1; Email Address: john.chachere@gmail.com Haymaker, John Riker 2; Email Address: johnrhaymaker@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Consulting Assistant Professor, Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford Univ.; and Senior Computer Scientist, SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: AIA, LEED AP; Assistant Professor, Center for Integrated Facility Engineering, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford Univ., MC:4020 Stanford, CA 94305 (corresponding author); Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 17 Issue 3, p86; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: CONSTRUCTION projects; Subject Term: ARCHITECTURE; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000036
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=65302834&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grover III, Myron R.
AU  - Cichy, Benjamin D.
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
T1  - Overview of the Phoenix Entry, Descent, and Landing System Architecture.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 706
EP  - 712
SN  - 00224650
AB  - NASA's Mars Phoenix Lander began its journey to Mars from Cape Canaveral, Florida in August 2007, but its journey to the launch pad began many years earlier in 1997 as NASA's Mars Surveyor Program 2001 Lander. In the intervening years, the entry, descent, and landing system architecture went through a series of changes, resulting in the system that flew to the surface of Mars on 25 May 2008. Some changes, such as entry velocity and landing site elevation, were the result of differences in mission design. Other changes, including the removal of hypersonic guidance, the reformulation of the parachute deployment algorithm, and the addition of the backshell avoidance maneuver, were driven by constant efforts to augment system robustness. An overview of the Phoenix entry, descent, and landing system architecture is presented along with rationales driving the entry, descent, and landing system design choices. These design choices resulted in the robust Phoenix landing system that successfully landed on Mars on 25 May 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 66659149; Grover III, Myron R. 1,2,3; Email Address: myron.r.grover@jpl.nasa.gov Cichy, Benjamin D. 1,4; Email Address: benjamin.d.cichy@jpl.nasa.gov Desai, Prasun N. 5,6,7; Email Address: prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems Advanced Technologies Group, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Mail Stop 264-623  3: Member, AIAA  4: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Guidance and Control Software and Flight Software Testing, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Mail Stop 264-623  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  6: Senior Systems Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  7: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p706; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46548
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659149&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Schoenenberger, Mark
T1  - Aerodynamics for Mars Phoenix Entry Capsule.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 713
EP  - 726
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The preflight aerodynamic database for the Mars Phoenix entry capsule is presented. The aerodynamic coefficients were generated as a function of total angle of attack and either Knudsen number, velocity, or Mach number, depending on the flight regime. The database was constructed using continuum flowfield computations and data from the Mars Exploration Rover and Viking programs. Hypersonic and supersonic static coefficients were derived from Navier-Stokes solutions on a preflight design trajectory. High-altitude data (free-molecular and transitional regimes) and dynamic pitch damping characteristics were taken from Mars Exploration Rover analysis and testing. Transonic static coefficients from Viking wind-tunnel tests were used for capsule aerodynamics under the parachute. Static instabilities were predicted at two points along the reference trajectory and were verified by reconstructed flight data. During the hypersonic instability, the capsule was predicted to trim at angles as high as 2.5 deg with an onaxis center of gravity. Peak trim angles for an offnominal pitching moment and a 5 mm offaxis center of gravity were predicted to be 4.2 and 4.8 deg, respectively. Finally, hypersonic static coefficient sensitivities to atmospheric density were predicted to be within uncertainty bounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Aerodynamics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC density
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 66659150; Edquist, Karl T. 1,2,3; Email Address: Karl.T.Edquist@nasa.gov Desai, Prasun N. 1,4,5; Email Address: Prasun.N.Desai@nasa.gov Schoenenberger, Mark 1,2,6; Email Address: Mark.Schoenenberger@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  3: Senior Member, AIAA  4: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: Member, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p713; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC density; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46219
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659150&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McDaniel, Ryan D.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Songer, Jarvis T.
T1  - Aeroheating Predictions for Phoenix Entry Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 727
EP  - 745
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Computational aerothermal analyses of the Phoenix entry vehicle in the Martian atmosphere are presented. Two Navier-Stokes flow solvers were used to predict the environments experienced by the vehicle along several design trajectories. An assessment of the likelihood of turbulent transition was also performed using several correlations. The nominal entry was ballistic; therefore, the majority of the solutions were computed as axisymmetric. Several three-dimensional cases were also computed to assess the acreage heating at offnominal angles of attack and local heating enhancement caused by surface singularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 66659151; McDaniel, Ryan D. 1,2,3 Wright, Michael J. 1,4,5 Songer, Jarvis T. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Research Scientist, Reacting Flow Environments Branch, Mail Stop 230-2  3: Member, AIAA  4: Senior Research Scientist, Reacting Flow Environments Branch, Mail Stop 230-2  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Littleton, Colorado 80125  7: Aerothermal and Aeroelastic Engineer, Aero Entry Systems; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p727; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.48357
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659151&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dyakonov, Artem A.
AU  - Glass, Christopher E.
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Van Norman, John W.
T1  - Analysis of Effectiveness of Phoenix Entry Reaction Control System.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 746
EP  - 755
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Interaction between the external flowfield and the reaction control system thruster plumes of the Phoenix capsule during entry has been investigated. The analysis covered rarefied, transitional, hypersonic, and supersonic flight regimes. Performance of pitch, yaw, and roll control authority channels was evaluated, with specific emphasis on the yaw channel due to its low nominal yaw control authority. Because Phoenix had already been constructed and its reaction control system could not be modified before flight, an assessment of reaction control system efficacy along the trajectory was needed to determine possible issues and to make necessary software changes. Effectiveness of the system at various regimes was evaluated using a hybrid direct simulation Monte--Carlo-rumputational fluid dynamics technique, based on direct simulation Monte--Carlo analysis code and general aerodynamic simulation program, the Langley aerothermal upwind relaxation algorithm code, and the fully unstructured 3-D code. Results of the analysis at hypersonic and supersonic conditions suggest a significant aeroreaction control system interference, which reduced the efficacy of the thrusters and could likely produce control reversal. Very little aeroreaction control system interference was predicted in rarefied and transitional regimes. A recommendation was made to the project to widen controller system deadbands to minimize (if not eliminate) the use of reaction control system thrusters through hypersonic and supersonic flight regimes, where their performance would be uncertain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Control systems
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 66659152; Dyakonov, Artem A. 1,2,3 Glass, Christopher E. 1,4,5 Desai, Prasun N. 1,6,7 Van Norman, John W. 3,8,9; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virgina 23681  2: Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight Entry Systems Branch  3: Member, AIAA  4: Aerospace Engineer, Aemthennodynamics Branch  5: Senior Member, AIAA  6: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight Entry Systems Branch  7: Associate Fellow, AIAA  8: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, Virgina 23666  9: Senior Project Engineer, Atmospheric Flight Entry Systems Branch; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p746; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Control systems; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.40965
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659152&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prince, Jill L.
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Queen, Eric M.
AU  - Grover, Myron. R.
T1  - Mars Phoenix Entry, Descent, and Landing Simulation Design and Modeling Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 756
EP  - 764
SN  - 00224650
AB  - In the five years before the 25 May 2008 landing of the Mars Phoenix Lander, hundreds of thousands of simulations were conducted and analyzed to define a robust sequence of events for the entry, descent, and landing phase of the Phoenix mission. Based on performance predictions, Phoenix was designed with an unguided, ballistic, hypersonic entry; a 11.73 m disk-gap-band parachute deployment; and a terminal descent system delivering it to the surface with a soft landing. Each model incorporated into the simulation was scrutinized, verified, and validated. Deterministic and statistical analyses were performed, building confidence that Phoenix would land safely in the northern plains of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 66659153; Prince, Jill L. 1,2,3; Email Address: jill.l.prince@nasa.gov Desai, Prasun N. 1,2,4; Email Address: prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov Queen, Eric M. 1,2,5; Email Address: eric.m.queen@nasa.gov Grover, Myron. R. 5,6,7; Email Address: myron.r.grover@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight & Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  3: Senior Member, AIAA  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA  5: Member, AIAA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  7: Senior Aerospace Engineer, EDL Systems Advanced Technologies Group, 4800 Oak Grover Drive, Mail Stop 301-490; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p756; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46561
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659153&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Queen, Eric M.
AU  - Prince, Jill L.
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
T1  - Multibody Modeling and Simulation for Mars Phoenix Entry, Descent, and Landing.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 771
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A multibody flight simulation for the Phoenix Mars Lander was developed that included high-fidelity six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body models for the parachute and lander system. The simulation predicted attitude and rate histories of all bodies throughout the flight. In so doing, a realistic behavior of the descending parachute/lander system dynamics was simulated that allowed assessment of the Phoenix descent performance and identification of sensitivities for landing. This simulation provided a complete end-to-end capability of modeling the entire entry, descent, and landing sequence for the mission. The simulation was used to predict the parachute and lander aerodynamic angles during entry and the response of the lander system to various wind models and windshears. Several different wind models were analyzed to determine which was most effective at exciting vehicle attitude dynamics. The simulation was used to drive a Monte Carlo analysis that provided a statistical evaluation of the performance capability of the Phoenix landing system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 66659154; Queen, Eric M. 1,2,3; Email Address: eric.m.queen@nasa.gov Prince, Jill L. 1,3,4; Email Address: jill.l.prince@nasa.gov Desai, Prasun N. 1,2,5; Email Address: prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  3: Member, AIAA  4: Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p765; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46918
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659154&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prince, Jill L.
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Queen, Eric M.
AU  - Grover, Myron. R.
T1  - Entry, Descent, and Landing Operations Analysis for the Mars Phoenix Lander.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 778
EP  - 783
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The entry, descent, and landing operations phase of the Mars Phoenix Lander occurred in the month before its safe landing on the surface of Mars on 25 May 2008. The operations phase was spent analyzing simulation results and ensuring that the spacecraft was on target to land within the designed landing ellipse while providing robust performance. Trajectories were analyzed to determine if changes to the onboard spacecraft configuration files were necessary before each file upload opportunity, as well as trajectory correction maneuver necessity and magnitude. During the operations phase, only two of the planned four nominal trajectory correction maneuvers were required, setting an approach trajectory on target to the desired nominal landing site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 66659156; Prince, Jill L. 1,2,3; Email Address: Jill.L.Prince@nasa.gov Desai, Prasun N. 1,2,4; Email Address: Prasun.N.Desai@nasa.gov Queen, Eric M. 1,2,5; Email Address: Eric.M.Queen@nasa.gov Grover, Myron. R. 5,6,7; Email Address: myron.r.grover@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  3: Senior Member, AIAA  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA  5: Member, AIAA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  7: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems Advance Technologies Group, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Mail Stop 301-490; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p778; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46563
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
AU  - Prince, Jill L.
AU  - Queen, Eric M.
AU  - Schoenenberger, Mark
AU  - Cruz, Juan R.
AU  - Grover, Myron R.
T1  - Entry, Descent, and Landing Performance of the Mars Phoenix Lander.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 798
EP  - 808
SN  - 00224650
AB  - On 25 May 2008, the Mars Phoenix Lander successfully landed on the northern arctic plains of Mars. An overview of reconstruction analyses performed on each entry, descent, and landing phase to assess the performance of Phoenix as it descended is presented and a comparison to preentry predictions is provided. The landing occurred 21 km further downrange than the predicted landing location. Analysis of the flight data revealed that the primary cause of Phoenix's downrange landing was a higher trim total angle of attack during the hypersonic phase of the entry, which resulted in Phoenix flying a slightly lifting trajectory. The likely cause of this higher trim attitude was a combination of a larger radial center-of-gravity offset than the preflight measurement and a lower hypersonic aerodynamic static stability than predicted. Parachute deployment was 6.4 s later than predicted. The parachute deployment and inflation process occurred as expected with no anomalies identified. The subsequent parachute descent and powered terminal landing also behaved as expected. A reconstruction of the landing day atmospheric density profile was found to be less dense than the best a priori prediction, ranging from a few percent to 8% lower in the altitude region where nearly all of the deceleration occurs. A comparison of the flight reconstructed trajectory parameters showed that the actual Phoenix entry, descent, and landing was close to preentry predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - CENTER of mass
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Atmospheric density
N1  - Accession Number: 66659158; Desai, Prasun N. 1,2,3; Email Address: prasun.n.desai@nasa.gov Prince, Jill L. 1,4,5; Email Address: jill.l.prince@nasa.gov Queen, Eric M. 1,5,6; Email Address: eric.m.queen@nasa.gov Schoenenberger, Mark 1,4,5; Email Address: mark.schoenenberger@nasa.gov Cruz, Juan R. 1,5,6; Email Address: juan.r.cruz@nasa.gov Grover, Myron R. 5,7,8; Email Address: myron.r.grover@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch. Mail Stop 489  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA  4: Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  5: Member, AIAA  6: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  8: Senior Aerospace Engineer, EDL Systems Advanced Technologies Group, 4800 Oak Grover Drive, Mail Stop 264-623; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p798; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: CENTER of mass; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Atmospheric density; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.48239
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659158&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blanchard, Robert C.
AU  - Desai, Prasun N.
T1  - Mars Phoenix Entry, Descent, and Landing Trajectory and Atmosphere Reconstruction.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 821
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The details of the trajectory and atmospheric reconstruction for the Mars Phoenix entry, descent, and landing are presented. The trajectory reconstruction used a six-degree-of-freedom process that included integrating the 200 Hz onboard inertial measurement unit incremental velocity change A V data and incremental angle change Δ θ data, the derivatives from the Δ V and the Δ θ data, smoothing, and correcting the inertial measurement unit accelerations for physical location on the Lander. Lander orientation angles (angle of attack and sideslip) during descent were reconstructed independently of the aerodynamics and atmosphere models. Before parachute deployment, the angle of attack and sideslip were found to be small (less than 3 deg) leading up to about 5 deg at parachute deploy, where the deployment altitude was determined to be approximately 13 km at a Mach number of about 1.7 and a dynamic pressure of 489 N/m². In a separate process, the atmosphere structure (i.e., density, pressure, and temperature) encountered for altitudes up to 80 km was determined. The atmosphere structure determination process involved a detailed aerodynamics model of the Lander and the parachute, as well as accounting for configuration changes during descent. Comparisons made with the preflight atmosphere model used in the mission design show good agreement with the three reconstructed atmosphere structure parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Atmospheric density
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC density
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 66659159; Blanchard, Robert C. 1,2 Desai, Prasun N. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: George Washington University, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p809; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Atmospheric density; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC density; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.46274
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659159&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bilimoria, Karl D.
AU  - Mueller, Eric R.
AU  - Frost, Chad R.
T1  - Handling Qualities Evaluation of Piloting Tools for Spacecraft Docking in Earth Orbit.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/09//Sep/Oct2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 846
EP  - 855
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A piloted simulation was conducted to study handling qualities for the final phase of spacecraft docking in Earth orbit. Twelve evaluation pilots, including 10 pilot astronauts, provided Cooper-Harper ratings, task load index component ratings, and qualitative comments. The piloting task was manual translational control with automatic attitude hold during the final 10 ft (3 m) of the approach to docking. A previous study established that with conventional translational control, handling qualities for this task degrade significantly as the level of translation- into-rotation dynamic coupling increases. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of various piloting tools designed to mitigate the handling qualities degradation caused by this coupling. Four piloting tools were evaluated: deadband indicator, flight-path marker, translational flight director, and feedforward control. These piloting tools improved handling qualities, generally with greater improvements resulting from using these tools in combination. A key result of this study is that feedforward control effectively counteracts coupling effects while significantly decreasing propellant consumption, providing satisfactory handling qualities for the spacecraft configuration evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Piloting
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Docking
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - ORBIT
N1  - Accession Number: 66659162; Bilimoria, Karl D. 1,2; Email Address: Karl.Bilimoria@nasa.gov Mueller, Eric R. 1,3; Email Address: Eric.Mueller@nasa.gov Frost, Chad R. 1,2; Email Address: Chad.R.Frost@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p846; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Piloting; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Docking; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: ORBIT; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66659162&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Oliker, Leonid
AU  - Nishtala, Rajesh
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
T1  - Emerging programming paradigms for large-scale scientific computing
JO  - Parallel Computing
JF  - Parallel Computing
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 37
IS  - 9
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 499
EP  - 500
SN  - 01678191
N1  - Accession Number: 64481642; Oliker, Leonid 1 Nishtala, Rajesh 2 Biswas, Rupak 3; Email Address: rupak.biswas@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational Research Division/NERSC, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA Tel.: +1 650 604 4411; fax: +1 650 604 3957.; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p499; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.parco.2011.07.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64481642&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Haoqiang
AU  - Jespersen, Dennis
AU  - Mehrotra, Piyush
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Huang, Lei
AU  - Chapman, Barbara
T1  - High performance computing using MPI and OpenMP on multi-core parallel systems
JO  - Parallel Computing
JF  - Parallel Computing
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 37
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 562
EP  - 575
SN  - 01678191
AB  - Abstract: The rapidly increasing number of cores in modern microprocessors is pushing the current high performance computing (HPC) systems into the petascale and exascale era. The hybrid nature of these systems – distributed memory across nodes and shared memory with non-uniform memory access within each node – poses a challenge to application developers. In this paper, we study a hybrid approach to programming such systems – a combination of two traditional programming models, MPI and OpenMP. We present the performance of standard benchmarks from the multi-zone NAS Parallel Benchmarks and two full applications using this approach on several multi-core based systems including an SGI Altix 4700, an IBM p575+ and an SGI Altix ICE 8200EX. We also present new data locality extensions to OpenMP to better match the hierarchical memory structure of multi-core architectures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Parallel Computing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH performance computing
KW  - APPLICATION program interfaces (Computer software)
KW  - PARALLEL computers
KW  - MULTICORE processors (Computers)
KW  - DISTRIBUTED shared memory
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - PARALLEL programs (Computer programs)
KW  - COMPUTER science
KW  - Data Locality
KW  - Hybrid MPI+OpenMP programming
KW  - Multi-core Systems
KW  - OpenMP Extensions
N1  - Accession Number: 64481643; Jin, Haoqiang 1; Email Address: haoqiang.jin@nasa.gov Jespersen, Dennis 1 Mehrotra, Piyush 1 Biswas, Rupak 1 Huang, Lei 2 Chapman, Barbara 2; Affiliation:  1: NAS Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Department of Computer Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, United States; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 37 Issue 9, p562; Subject Term: HIGH performance computing; Subject Term: APPLICATION program interfaces (Computer software); Subject Term: PARALLEL computers; Subject Term: MULTICORE processors (Computers); Subject Term: DISTRIBUTED shared memory; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: PARALLEL programs (Computer programs); Subject Term: COMPUTER science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data Locality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid MPI+OpenMP programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-core Systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: OpenMP Extensions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.parco.2011.02.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=64481643&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Shmygelska, Alena
AU  - Griko, Yuri
T1  - Adaptation of Organisms by Resonance of RNA Transcription with the Cellular Redox Cycle.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 6
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Sequence variation in organisms differs across the genome and the majority of mutations are caused by oxidation, yet its origin is not fully understood. It has also been shown that the reduction-oxidation reaction cycle is the fundamental biochemical cycle that coordinates the timing of all biochemical processes in the cell, including energy production, DNA replication, and RNA transcription. We show that the temporal resonance of transcriptome biosynthesis with the oscillating binary state of the reduction-oxidation reaction cycle serves as a basis for non-random sequence variation at specific genome-wide coordinates that change faster than by accumulation of chance mutations. This work demonstrates evidence for a universal, persistent and iterative feedback mechanism between the environment and heredity, whereby acquired variation between cell divisions can outweigh inherited variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RNA
KW  - GENETIC transcription
KW  - MUTATION (Biology)
KW  - DNA replication
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - HEREDITY
KW  - CELL division (Biology)
N1  - Accession Number: 74434276; Stolc, Viktor 1; Email Address: vstolc@mail.arc.nasa.gov Shmygelska, Alena 2 Griko, Yuri 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  2: Carnegie Mellon University Silicon Valley, Moffett Field, California, United States of America; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 6 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: RNA; Subject Term: GENETIC transcription; Subject Term: MUTATION (Biology); Subject Term: DNA replication; Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Subject Term: HEREDITY; Subject Term: CELL division (Biology); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0025270
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74434276&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weatherford, B. R.
AU  - Foster, J. E.
AU  - Kamhawi, H.
T1  - Electron current extraction from a permanent magnet waveguide plasma cathode.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 82
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 093507
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - An electron cyclotron resonance plasma produced in a cylindrical waveguide with external permanent magnets was investigated as a possible plasma cathode electron source. The configuration is desirable in that it eliminates the need for a physical antenna inserted into the plasma, the erosion of which limits operating lifetime. Plasma bulk density was found to be overdense in the source. Extraction currents over 4 A were achieved with the device. Measurements of extracted electron currents were similar to calculated currents, which were estimated using Langmuir probe measurements at the plasma cathode orifice and along the length of the external plume. The influence of facility effects and trace ionization in the anode-cathode gap are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - PERMANENT magnets
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - ELECTRON cyclotron resonance sources
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - LANGMUIR probes
KW  - ELECTRONS
N1  - Accession Number: 66185130; Weatherford, B. R. 1 Foster, J. E. 1 Kamhawi, H. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109,  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135,; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 82 Issue 9, p093507; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: PERMANENT magnets; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: ELECTRON cyclotron resonance sources; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: LANGMUIR probes; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3642662
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Compher, Eric M.
AU  - Gupta, Mool C.
AU  - Wilson, William C.
AU  - Madaras, Eric I.
T1  - Solar powered micrometeorite sensors using indoor ambient light for the International Space Station
JO  - Solar Energy
JF  - Solar Energy
Y1  - 2011/09//
VL  - 85
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1899
EP  - 1905
SN  - 0038092X
AB  - Abstract: Sensors for detecting micrometeorite impact locations and magnitudes as well as pressure vessel leaks have been under investigation for some time by the NASA Langley Research Center and other related entities. NASA has been investigating the use of the Distribution Impact Detection System (DIDS) for use on the International Space Station (ISS). However, the DIDS currently requires thionyl chloride lithium batteries which pose explosion and toxicity hazards, and replacing batteries is tedious and utilizes scarce man-hours. Carrying replacement batteries into space is also expensive. To hardwire new sensing devices into the ISS while in orbit would be time consuming. To overcome this problem, high efficiency GaAs solar cells have been studied under low light conditions comparable to those found inside the ISS. The cells were also studied for temperature dependence. Solar concentrators were investigated for possible use with ambient lighting. The power generated by the cells was stored in a large 300F supercapacitor. A DC to DC boost regulator was modified to produce an output voltage of 3.55V that is required by the DIDS. The successful operation of the DIDS with ambient light power, supercapacitor energy storage, and boost regulation was demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - LIGHT
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - SOLAR concentrators
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Ambient light
KW  - Micrometeriote
KW  - Photovoltaics
KW  - Sensor
KW  - Solar cell
KW  - Space station
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 64852538; Compher, Eric M. 1 Gupta, Mool C. 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu Wilson, William C. 2 Madaras, Eric I. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 85 Issue 9, p1899; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: LIGHT; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: SOLAR concentrators; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ambient light; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micrometeriote; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space station; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solener.2011.04.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GAVAZZI, R.
AU  - COORAY, A.
AU  - CONLEY, A.
AU  - AGUIRRE, J. E.
AU  - AMBLARD, A.
AU  - AULD, R.
AU  - BEELEN, A.
AU  - BLAIN, A.
AU  - BLUNDELL, R.
AU  - BOCK, J.
AU  - BRADFORD, C. M.
AU  - BRIDGE, C.
AU  - BRISBIN, D.
AU  - BURGARELLA, D.
AU  - CHANIAL, P.
AU  - CHAPIN, E.
AU  - CHRISTOPHER, N.
AU  - CLEMENTS, D. L.
AU  - Cox, P.
AU  - DJORGOVSKI, S. G.
T1  - MODELING OF THE HERMES SUBMILLIMETER SOURCE LENSED BY A DARK MATTER DOMINATED FOREGROUND GROUP OF GALAXIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/09/10/
VL  - 738
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the results of a gravitational lensing analysis of the bright zs = 2.957 submillimeter galaxy (SMG) HERMES found in the Herschel/SPIRE science demonstration phase data from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) project. The high-resolution imaging available in optical and near-IR channels, along with CO emission obtained with the Plateau de Bure Interferometer, allows us to precisely estimate the intrinsic source extension and hence estimate the total lensing magnification to be µ = 10.9 ± 0.7. We measure the half-light radius Reff of the source in the rest-frame near-UV and V bands that characterize the unobscured light coming from stars and find Reff,* = [2.0 ± 0.1] kpc, in good agreement with recent studies on the SMG population. This lens model is also used to estimate the size of the gas distribution (Reff,gas = [1.1 ± 0.5] kpc) by mapping back in the source plane the CO (J = 5 → 4) transition line emission. The lens modeling yields a relatively large Einstein radius REin = 4".10 ± 0".02, corresponding to a deflector velocity dispersion of [483 ± 16] kms-1. This shows that HERMES is lensed by a galaxy group-size dark matter halo at redshift z1 ~ 0.6. The projected dark matter contribution largely dominates the mass budget within the Einstein radius with fdm (REin) ~ 80%. This fraction reduces to Fdm (Reff.G1 ≃ 4.5 kpc) ~ 47% within the effective radius of the main deflecting galaxy of stellar mass M*,GI = [8-5 ± 1.6] x 1011 M⊙. At this smaller scale the dark matter fraction is consistent with results already found for massive lensing ellipticals at z ~ 0.2 from the Sloan Lens ACS Survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - DARK matter (Astronomy)
KW  - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD
KW  - galaxies: groups: general
KW  - galaxies: halos gravitational lensing: strong
KW  - submillimeter: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 66193985; GAVAZZI, R. 1 COORAY, A. 2,3 CONLEY, A. 4 AGUIRRE, J. E. 5 AMBLARD, A. 6 AULD, R. 7 BEELEN, A. 8 BLAIN, A. 3 BLUNDELL, R. 9 BOCK, J. 3,10 BRADFORD, C. M. 3,10 BRIDGE, C. 3 BRISBIN, D. 11 BURGARELLA, D. 12 CHANIAL, P. 13 CHAPIN, E. 14 CHRISTOPHER, N. 15 CLEMENTS, D. L. 16 Cox, P. 17 DJORGOVSKI, S. G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-75014 Paris, France  2: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  3: Astronomy Department, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91 125, USA  4: Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, CASA 389-UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Bldg. 245, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Cardiff School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK  8: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91405 Orsay, France  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  11: Space Science Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA  12: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 13388 Marseille cedex 13, France  13: Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, CEA-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  14: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  15: Department of Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  16: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, London SW7 2AZ, UK  17: Institut de RadioAstronomie Millimétrique, Domaine Universitaire, 38406 Saint Martin d'Hères, France; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 738 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: DARK matter (Astronomy); Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: groups: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: halos gravitational lensing: strong; Author-Supplied Keyword: submillimeter: galaxies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/738/2/125
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gehrz, R.D.
AU  - Becklin, E.E.
AU  - de Buizer, J.
AU  - Herter, T.
AU  - Keller, L.D.
AU  - Krabbe, A.
AU  - Marcum, P.M.
AU  - Roellig, T.L.
AU  - Sandell, G.H.L.
AU  - Temi, P.
AU  - Vacca, W.D.
AU  - Young, E.T.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
T1  - Status of the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/09/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1004
EP  - 1016
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), a joint US/German project, is a 2.5-m infrared airborne telescope carried by a Boeing 747-SP that flies in the stratosphere at altitudes as high as 45,000ft (13.72km). This facility is capable of observing from 0.3μm to 1.6mm with an average transmission greater than 80% averaged over all wavelengths. SOFIA will be staged out of the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center aircraft operations facility at Palmdale, CA. The SOFIA Science Mission Operations (SMO) will be located at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. First science flights began in 2010 and a full operations schedule of up to one hundred 8 to 10 hour-long flights per year will be reached by 2014. The observatory is expected to operate until the mid-2030s. SOFIA’s initial complement of seven focal plane instruments includes broadband imagers, moderate-resolution spectrographs that will resolve broad features due to dust and large molecules, and high-resolution spectrometers capable of studying the kinematics of atomic and molecular gas at sub-km/s resolution. We describe the SOFIA facility and outline the opportunities for observations by the general scientific community and for future instrumentation development. The operational characteristics of the SOFIA first-generation instruments are summarized. The status of the flight test program is discussed and we show First Light images obtained at wavelengths from 5.4 to 37μm with the FORCAST imaging camera. Additional information about SOFIA is available at http://www.sofia.usra.edu and http://www.sofia.usra.edu/Science/docs/SofiaScienceVision051809-1.pdf. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - INFRARED telescopes
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Airborne astronomy
KW  - Infrared Astronomy
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - SOFIA
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Sub-millimeter astronomy
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - HUGH L. Dryden Flight Research Center (Organization)
N1  - Accession Number: 63568337; Gehrz, R.D. 1; Email Address: gehrz@astro.umn.edu Becklin, E.E. 2 de Buizer, J. 2 Herter, T. 3 Keller, L.D. 4 Krabbe, A. 5 Marcum, P.M. 6 Roellig, T.L. 6 Sandell, G.H.L. 2 Temi, P. 6 Vacca, W.D. 2 Young, E.T. 2 Zinnecker, H. 5,7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S. E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Astronomy Department, 202 Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA  4: Department of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA  5: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 48 Issue 6, p1004; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: INFRARED telescopes; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared Astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-millimeter astronomy; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: HUGH L. Dryden Flight Research Center (Organization); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.05.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=63568337&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuevo, M.
AU  - Milam, S.N.
AU  - Sandford, S.A.
AU  - De Gregorio, B.T.
AU  - Cody, G.D.
AU  - Kilcoyne, A.L.D.
T1  - XANES analysis of organic residues produced from the UV irradiation of astrophysical ice analogs
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/09/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1126
EP  - 1135
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Organic residues formed in the laboratory from the ultraviolet (UV) photo-irradiation or ion bombardment of astrophysical ice analogs have been extensively studied for the last 15years with a broad suite of techniques, including infrared (IR) and UV spectroscopies, as well as mass spectrometry. Analyses of these materials show that they consist of complex mixtures of organic compounds stable at room temperature, mostly soluble, that have not been fully characterized. However, the hydrolysis products of these residues have been partly identified using chromatography techniques, which indicate that they contain molecular precursors of prebiotic interest such as amino acids, nitrile-bearing compounds, and amphiphilic compounds. In this study, we present the first X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy measurements of three organic residues made from the UV irradiation of ices having different starting compositions. XANES spectra confirm the presence of different chemical functions in these residues, and indicate that they are rich in nitrogen- and oxygen-bearing species. These data can be compared with XANES measurements of extraterrestrial materials. Finally, this study also shows how soft X rays can alter the chemical composition of samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - X-ray absorption near edge structure
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ICE
KW  - PHYSICS laboratories
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - HYDROLYSIS
KW  - Extraterrestrial materials
KW  - Ices
KW  - UV irradiation
KW  - XANES spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 63568341; Nuevo, M. 1; Email Address: michel.nuevo-1@nasa.gov Milam, S.N. 1,2 Sandford, S.A. 1 De Gregorio, B.T. 3 Cody, G.D. 4 Kilcoyne, A.L.D. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6366, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA  4: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Rd. NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA  5: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 6 Cyclotron Rd., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 48 Issue 6, p1126; Subject Term: X-ray absorption near edge structure; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: CHROMATOGRAPHIC analysis; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: PHYSICS laboratories; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: HYDROLYSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV irradiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: XANES spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.05.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nagel, Maria A.
AU  - Choe, Alexander
AU  - Cohrs^1, Randall J.
AU  - Traktinskiy, Igor
AU  - Sorensen, Kyle
AU  - Mehta, Satish K.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Tyring, Stephen K.
AU  - Haitz, Kassie
AU  - DiGiorgio, Catherine
AU  - LaPolla, Whitney
AU  - Gilden, Don
T1  - Persistence of Varicella Zoster Virus DNA in Saliva After Herpes Zoster.
JO  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
JF  - Journal of Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2011/09/15/
VL  - 204
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 820
EP  - 824
SN  - 00221899
AB  - Analysis of saliva samples from individuals aged ≥60 years who had a history of zoster (group 1), zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN; group 2), or no history of zoster (group 3) revealed varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA in saliva samples from 11 of 17 individuals in group 1, 10 of 15 individuals in group 2, and 2 of 17 individuals in group 3. The frequency of VZV DNA detection was significantly higher (P = .001) in saliva of subjects with a history of zoster, with or without PHN (21 [67%] of 32 subjects in groups 1 and 2), than in saliva of age-matched subjects with no zoster history (2 [12%] of 17 subjects in group 3). Thus, persistence of VZV DNA in saliva is the outcome of zoster, independent of PHN. Because VZV infection can produce neurological and ocular disease without zoster rash, future studies are needed to establish whether VZV DNA can be detected in the saliva of such patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Infectious Diseases is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VARICELLA-zoster virus
KW  - SALIVA -- Analysis
KW  - NEURALGIA
KW  - GENES
KW  - DNA & Body Evidence (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 73743136; Nagel, Maria A. 1 Choe, Alexander 1 Cohrs^1, Randall J. Traktinskiy, Igor 1 Sorensen, Kyle 2 Mehta, Satish K. 3 Pierson, Duane L. 4 Tyring, Stephen K. 5 Haitz, Kassie 5 DiGiorgio, Catherine 5 LaPolla, Whitney 5 Gilden, Don 1,6; Email Address: don.gilden@ucdenver.edu; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora  2: Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora  3: Enterprise Advisory Services, Houston, Texas  4: Space Life Sciences, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  5: Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston  6: Departments of Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora; Source Info: 9/15/2011, Vol. 204 Issue 6, p820; Subject Term: VARICELLA-zoster virus; Subject Term: SALIVA -- Analysis; Subject Term: NEURALGIA; Subject Term: GENES; Reviews & Products: DNA & Body Evidence (Book); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/infdis/jir425
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doyle, Laurance R.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Slawson, Robert W.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Winn, Joshua N.
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Prˇsa, Andrej
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Quinn, Samuel N.
AU  - Latham, David
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Rucker, Michael
T1  - Kepler-16: A Transiting Circumbinary Planet.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/09/16/
VL  - 333
IS  - 6049
M3  - Article
SP  - 1602
EP  - 1606
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We report the detection of a planet whose orbit surrounds a pair of low-mass stars. Data from the Kepler spacecraft reveal transits of the planet across both stars, in addition to the mutual eclipses of the stars, giving precise constraints on the absolute dimensions of all three bodies. The planet is comparable to Saturn in mass and size and is on a nearly circular 229-day orbit around its two parent stars. The eclipsing stars are 20 and 69% as massive as the Sun and have an eccentric 41-day orbit. The motions of all three bodies are confined to within 0.5° of a single plane, suggesting that the planet formed within a circumbinary disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - BINARY stars -- Orbits
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - STELLAR masses
N1  - Accession Number: 66346945; Doyle, Laurance R. 1; Email Address: ldoyle@seti.org Carter, Joshua A. 2 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3 Slawson, Robert W. 1 Howell, Steve B. 4 Winn, Joshua N. 5 Orosz, Jerome A. 6 Prˇsa, Andrej 7 Welsh, William F. 6 Quinn, Samuel N. 8 Latham, David 8 Torres, Guillermo 8 Buchhave, Lars A. 9,10 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 11 Fortney, Jonathan J. 12 Shporer, Avi 13,14 Ford, Eric B. 15 Lissauer, Jack J. Ragozzine, Darin 2 Rucker, Michael 16; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043  2: Hubble Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Hubble Fellow, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USA  7: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA  8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  9: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  10: Konkoly Observatory, Konkoly ut 15-17, Budapest, H-1121, Hungary  11: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  12: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  13: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA  14: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  15: 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611-2055, USA  16: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Source Info: 9/16/2011, Vol. 333 Issue 6049, p1602; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: BINARY stars -- Orbits; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1210923
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - STELLO, DENNIS
AU  - MEIBOM, SØREN
AU  - GILLILAND, RONALD L.
AU  - GRUNDAHL, FRANK
AU  - HEKKER, SASKIA
AU  - MOSSER, BENOÎT
AU  - KALLINGER, THOMAS
AU  - MATHUR, SAVITA
AU  - GARCÍA, RAFAEL A.
AU  - HUBER, DANIEL
AU  - BASU, SARBANI
AU  - BEDDING, TIMOTHY R.
AU  - BROGAARD, KARSTEN
AU  - CHAPLIN, WILLIAM J.
AU  - ELSWORTH, YVONNE P.
AU  - MOLENDA-ŻAKOWICZ, JOANNA
AU  - SZABÓ, ROBERT
AU  - STILL, MARTIN
AU  - JENKINS, JON M.
AU  - CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, JØRGEN
T1  - AN ASTEROSEISMIC MEMBERSHIP STUDY OF THE RED GIANTS IN THREE OPEN CLUSTERS OBSERVED BY KEPLER: NGC 6791, NGC 6819, AND NGC 6811.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/09/20/
VL  - 739
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Studying star clusters offers significant advances in stellar astrophysics due to the combined power of having many stars with essentially the same distance, age, and initial composition. This makes clusters excellent test benches for verification of stellar evolution theory. To fully exploit this potential, it is vital that the star sample is uncontaminated by stars that are not members of the cluster. Techniques for determining cluster membership therefore play a key role in the investigation of clusters. We present results on three clusters in the Kepler field of view based on a newly established technique that uses asteroseismology to identify fore- or background stars in the field, which demonstrates advantages over classical methods such as kinematic and photometry measurements. Four previously identified seismic non-members in NGC 6819 are confirmed in this study, and three additional non-members are found--two in NGC 6819 and one in NGC 6791. We further highlight which stars are, or might be, affected by blending, which needs to be taken into account when analyzing these Kepler data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 6791, NGC 6819, NGC 6811)
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: interiors
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 67506774; STELLO, DENNIS 1 MEIBOM, SØREN 2 GILLILAND, RONALD L. 3 GRUNDAHL, FRANK 4 HEKKER, SASKIA 5 MOSSER, BENOÎT 6 KALLINGER, THOMAS 7,8 MATHUR, SAVITA 9 GARCÍA, RAFAEL A. 10 HUBER, DANIEL 1 BASU, SARBANI 11 BEDDING, TIMOTHY R. 1 BROGAARD, KARSTEN 4,12 CHAPLIN, WILLIAM J. 5 ELSWORTH, YVONNE P. 5 MOLENDA-ŻAKOWICZ, JOANNA 13 SZABÓ, ROBERT 14 STILL, MARTIN 15 JENKINS, JON M. 16 CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, JØRGEN 4; Affiliation:  1: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MA 21218, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  6: LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France  7: Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  9: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  10: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS, Université Paris 7 Diderot, IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  11: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  12: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  13: Instytut Astronomiczny Uniwersytetu Wroctawskiego, ul. Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wroclaw, Poland  14: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  15: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  16: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffat Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2011, Vol. 739 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: open clusters and associations: individual (NGC 6791, NGC 6819, NGC 6811); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/739/1/13
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Epshteyn, Yekaterina
AU  - Kurganov, Alexander
AU  - Petrova, Guergana
T1  - Central-Upwind Scheme on Triangular Grids for the Saint-Venant System of Shallow Water Equations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2011/09/30/
VL  - 1389
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 686
EP  - 689
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We consider a novel second-order central-upwind scheme for the Saint-Venant system of shallow water equations on triangular grids which was originally introduced in [3] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHALLOW-water equations
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - HYPERBOLIC spaces
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - DISCRETE systems
KW  - Hyperbolic systems of conservation and balance laws
KW  - Saint-Venant system of shallow water equations
KW  - semi-discrete central-upwind schemes
N1  - Accession Number: 100746426; Bryson, Steve 1; Email Address: Stephen.T.Bryson@nasa.gov Epshteyn, Yekaterina 2; Email Address: epshteyn@math.utah.edu Kurganov, Alexander 3; Email Address: kurganov@math.tulane.edu Petrova, Guergana 4; Email Address: gpetrova@math.tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Department of Mathematics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112  3: Mathematics Department, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118  4: Department of Mathematics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 1389 Issue 1, p686; Subject Term: SHALLOW-water equations; Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC spaces; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Subject Term: DISCRETE systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperbolic systems of conservation and balance laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saint-Venant system of shallow water equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: semi-discrete central-upwind schemes; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3636823
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watson, W. R.
AU  - Jones, M. G.
T1  - New Numerical Procedure for Impedance Eduction in Ducts Containing Mean Flow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 49
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2109
EP  - 2122
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A new impedance eduction method is presented and validated against a benchmark method, and the effects of measurement uncertainty errors on the impedances educed with this new method are assessed. Unique features of the new method include the following: 1) the upstream and downstream boundary conditions contain higher-order duct modes, 2) the impedance spectra of unique nonuniform test liners on opposite walls may be educed simultaneously, and 3) the measured data for the impedance eduction are acquired only at the source and duct termination planes. The validation exercise is performed with a rigid-wall insert and a conventional liner over a range of frequencies and flow Mach numbers in the NASA Langley Research Center's grazing flow impedance tube. The primary conclusions of the study are that the impedance spectra of the rigid-wall insert and the conventional liner that were educed from the new method are in very good agreement with those that were educed by using the benchmark method. However, the effects of measurement uncertainty, on the educed impedance are greater at the lower frequencies and the higher Mach numbers for the new method. All indications are that this occurs because the new method 1) uses significantly less data to perform the impedance eduction than the benchmark and 2) is currently based on a rather crude approximation to the measured pressure gradient, which is more sensitive to the refractive effects of the boundary layer than the measured lower-wall pressure that is required in the benchmark method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 66752865; Watson, W. R. 1 Jones, M. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 49 Issue 10, p2109; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050317
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thiruppathiraja, Chinnasamy
AU  - Kamatchiammal, Senthilkumar
AU  - Adaikkappan, Periyakaruppan
AU  - Santhosh, Devakirubakaran Jayakar
AU  - Alagar, Muthukaruppan
T1  - Specific detection of Mycobacterium sp. genomic DNA using dual labeled gold nanoparticle based electrochemical biosensor
JO  - Analytical Biochemistry
JF  - Analytical Biochemistry
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 417
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
SN  - 00032697
AB  - Abstract: The present study was aimed at the development and evaluation of a DNA electrochemical biosensor for Mycobacterium sp. genomic DNA detection in a clinical specimen using a signal amplifier as dual-labeled AuNPs. The DNA electrochemical biosensors were fabricated using a sandwich detection strategy involving two kinds of DNA probes specific to Mycobacterium sp. genomic DNA. The probes of enzyme ALP and the detector probe both conjugated on the AuNPs and subsequently hybridized with target DNA immobilized in a SAM/ITO electrode followed by characterization with CV, EIS, and DPV analysis using the electroactive species para-nitrophenol generated by ALP through hydrolysis of para-nitrophenol phosphate. The effect of enhanced sensitivity was obtained due to the AuNPs carrying numerous ALPs per hybridization and a detection limit of 1.25ng/ml genomic DNA was determined under optimized conditions. The dual-labeled AuNP-facilitated electrochemical sensor was also evaluated by clinical sputum samples, showing a higher sensitivity and specificity and the outcome was in agreement with the PCR analysis. In conclusion, the developed electrochemical sensor demonstrated unique sensitivity and specificity for both genomic DNA and sputum samples and can be employed as a regular diagnostics tool for Mycobacterium sp. monitoring in clinical samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Analytical Biochemistry is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis
KW  - DIAGNOSIS
KW  - RADIOLABELING
KW  - COLLOIDAL gold
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - GENE amplification
KW  - VOLTAMMETRY
KW  - DNA probes
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - Clinical diagnostics
KW  - Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV)
KW  - Electrochemical biosensor
KW  - Genomic DNA
KW  - Gold nanoparticles
KW  - Mycobacterium tuberculosis
N1  - Accession Number: 63185271; Thiruppathiraja, Chinnasamy 1 Kamatchiammal, Senthilkumar 2 Adaikkappan, Periyakaruppan 3 Santhosh, Devakirubakaran Jayakar 2 Alagar, Muthukaruppan 1; Email Address: mkalagar@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: Nanocomposites Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Anna University, Chennai, TN 600 025, India  2: National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Chennai Zonal Laboratory, TN 600 113, India  3: Center for Nano-science and Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 417 Issue 1, p73; Subject Term: MYCOBACTERIUM tuberculosis; Subject Term: DIAGNOSIS; Subject Term: RADIOLABELING; Subject Term: COLLOIDAL gold; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: GENE amplification; Subject Term: VOLTAMMETRY; Subject Term: DNA probes; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clinical diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrochemical biosensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genomic DNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gold nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ab.2011.05.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LIN LIN
AU  - KOUVELIOTOU, CHRYSSA
AU  - BARING, MATTHEW G.
AU  - VAN DER HORST, ALEXANDER J.
AU  - GUIRIEC, SYLVAIN
AU  - WOODS, PETER M.
AU  - KANEKO, YUKI
AU  - SCARGLE, JEFFREY
AU  - GRANOT, JONATHAN
AU  - PREECE, ROBERT
AU  - VON KIENLIN, ANDREAS
AU  - CHAPLIN, VANDIVER
AU  - WATTS, ANNA L.
AU  - WIJERS, RALPH A. M. J.
AU  - SHUANG NAN ZHANG
AU  - BHAT, NARAYAN
AU  - FINGER, MARK H.
AU  - GEHRELS, NEIL
AU  - HARDING, ALICE
AU  - KAPER, LEX
T1  - Fermi/GAMMA-RAY BURST MONITOR OBSERVATIONS OF SGR J0501+4516 BURSTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 739
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present our temporal and spectral analyses of 29 bursts from SGR J0501+4516, detected with the gamma-ray burst monitor on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope during 13 days of the source's activation in 2008 (August 22- September 3). We find that the T90 durations of the bursts can be fit with a log-normal distribution with a mean value of ~ 123 ms. We also estimate for the first time event durations of soft gamma repeater (SGR) bursts in photon space (i.e., using their deconvolved spectra) and find that these are very similar to the T90 values estimated in count space (following a log-normal distribution with a mean value of ~ 124 ms). We fit the time-integrated spectra for each burst and the time-resolved spectra of the five brightest bursts with several models. We find that a single power law with an exponential cutoff model fits all 29 bursts well, while 18 of the events can also be fit with two blackbody functions. We expand on the physical interpretation of these two models and we compare their parameters and discuss their evolution. We show that the time-integrated and time-resolved spectra reveal that Epeak decreases with energy flux (and fluence) to a minimum of ~30 keV at F = 8.7 x 10-6 erg cm-2 s-1, increasing steadily afterward. Two more sources exhibit a similar trend: SGRs J1550-5418 and 1806-20. The isotropic luminosity, Liso, corresponding to these flux values is roughly similar for all sources (0.4-1.5 x 1040 erg s-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - STARS
KW  - pulsars: individual (SGR J0501 +4516)
KW  - X-rays bursts
N1  - Accession Number: 67216424; LIN LIN 1,2; Email Address: lin.lin@uah.edu KOUVELIOTOU, CHRYSSA 3 BARING, MATTHEW G. 4 VAN DER HORST, ALEXANDER J. 5 GUIRIEC, SYLVAIN 2 WOODS, PETER M. 6 KANEKO, YUKI 7 SCARGLE, JEFFREY 8 GRANOT, JONATHAN 9 PREECE, ROBERT 2 VON KIENLIN, ANDREAS 10 CHAPLIN, VANDIVER 2 WATTS, ANNA L. 11 WIJERS, RALPH A. M. J. 11 SHUANG NAN ZHANG 1,12 BHAT, NARAYAN 2 FINGER, MARK H. 5 GEHRELS, NEIL 13 HARDING, ALICE 13 KAPER, LEX 11; Affiliation:  1: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China  2: CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA  3: Space Science Office, VP62, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA  5: NSSTC, Universities Space Research Association, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA  6: Corvid Technologies, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA  7: Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orhanli-Tuzla, Istanbul 34956, Turkey  8: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  9: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hefts, AL 10 9AB, UK  10: Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial Physics, 85748 Garching, Germany  11: Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek," University of Amsterdam, Postbus 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands  12: Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China  13: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 739 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsars: individual (SGR J0501 +4516); Author-Supplied Keyword: X-rays bursts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/739/2/87
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mims, Forrest M.
AU  - Chambers, Lin Hartung
AU  - Brooks, David R.
T1  - Measuring Total Column Water Vapor by Pointing an Infrared Thermometer at the Sky.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 92
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1311
EP  - 1320
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - A 2-yr study affirms that the temperature indicated by an inexpensive ($$20-$$60) IR thermometer pointed at the cloud-free zenith sky (Tz) is a proxy for total column water vapor [[precipitable water (PW)]]. From 8 September 2008 to 18 October 2010 Tz was measured either at or near solar noon, and occasionally at night, at a field in south-central Texas. PW was measured by a MICROTOPS II sun photometer. The coefficient of correlation ( r2) of PW and Tz was 0.90, and the rms difference was 3.2 mm. A comparison of Tz with PW from a GPS site 31 km northnortheast yielded an r2 of 0.79 and an rms difference of 5.8 mm. An expanded study compared Tz from eight IR thermometers with PW at various times during the day and night from 17 May to 18 October 2010, mainly at the Texas site, with an additional 10 days at Hawaii's Mauna Loa Observatory. The best results were provided by two IR thermometers that yielded an r2 of 0.96 and an rms difference with PW of 2.7 mm. The results of both the ongoing 2-yr study and the 5-month comparison show that IR thermometers can measure PW with an accuracy (rms difference/mean PW) approaching 10%%, which is the accuracy typically ascribed to sun photometers. The simpler IR method, which works during both day and night, can be easily mastered by students, amateur scientists, and cooperative weather observers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRECIPITABLE water
KW  - THERMOMETERS
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - TEXAS
N1  - Accession Number: 70339123; Mims, Forrest M. 1 Chambers, Lin Hartung 2 Brooks, David R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Geronimo Creek Observatory, Seguin, Texas  2: Climate Science Branch, Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Institute for Earth Science Research and Education, Eagleville, Pennsylvania; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 92 Issue 10, p1311; Subject Term: PRECIPITABLE water; Subject Term: THERMOMETERS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: TEXAS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/2011BAMS3215.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gherlone, Marco
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
AU  - Sciuva, Marco Di
T1  - C 0 beam elements based on the Refined Zigzag Theory for multilayered composite and sandwich laminates
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 93
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2882
EP  - 2894
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: The paper deals with the development and computational assessment of three- and two-node beam finite elements based on the Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) for the analysis of multilayered composite and sandwich beams. RZT is a recently proposed structural theory that accounts for the stretching, bending, and transverse shear deformations, and which provides substantial improvements over previously developed zigzag and higher-order theories. This new theory is analytically rigorous, variationally consistent, and computationally attractive. The theory is not affected by anomalies of most previous zigzag and higher-order theories, such as the vanishing of transverse shear stress and force at clamped boundaries. In contrast to Timoshenko theory, RZT does not employ shear correction factors to yield accurate results. From the computational mechanics perspective RZT requires C 0-continuous shape functions and thus enables the development of efficient displacement-type finite elements. The focus of this paper is to explore several low-order beam finite elements that offer the best compromise between computational efficiency and accuracy. The initial attention is on the choice of shape functions that do not admit shear locking effects in slender beams. For this purpose, anisoparametric (aka interdependent) interpolations are adapted to approximate the four independent kinematic variables that are necessary to model the planar beam deformations. To achieve simple two-node elements, several types of constraint conditions are examined and corresponding deflection shape-functions are derived. It is recognized that the constraint condition requiring a constant variation of the transverse shear force gives rise to a remarkably accurate two-node beam element. The proposed elements and their predictive capabilities are assessed using several elastostatic example problems, where simply supported and cantilevered beams are analyzed over a range of lamination sequences, heterogeneous material properties, and slenderness ratios. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE construction
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CANTILEVERS
KW  - Composite beam
KW  - Finite beam element
KW  - Refined Zigzag Theory
KW  - Sandwich beam
KW  - Shear locking
KW  - Timoshenko beam theory
N1  - Accession Number: 63568206; Gherlone, Marco 1; Email Address: marco.gherlone@polito.it Tessler, Alexander 2 Sciuva, Marco Di 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aeronautics and Space Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 93 Issue 11, p2882; Subject Term: COMPOSITE construction; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CANTILEVERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite beam element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refined Zigzag Theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear locking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Timoshenko beam theory; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.05.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, J.C.
AU  - Yamada, Y.
AU  - James, M.A.
T1  - Back-face strain compliance relation for compact specimens for wide range in crack lengths
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 78
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 2707
EP  - 2711
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Abstract: A back-face strain (BFS) compliance relation has been developed for the standard compact C(T) specimen for a very wide range in crack-length-to-width (a/W) ratios. Both finite-element and boundary-element methods were used to develop the BFS relation for a/W ratios from 0.2 to 0.95. In addition, experimentally determined compliance values on four metallic materials compared well with the new relation over nearly the complete a/W range. The new relation can be used to monitor crack-length-against-cycles using computerized crack-monitoring systems that are currently used with the crack-mouth-opening-displacement (CMOD) gage method, and the relation has been cast in a standard form compatible with existing compliance crack length monitoring systems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - BOUNDARY element methods
KW  - Back-face strain
KW  - Compact
KW  - Cracks
KW  - Elasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 65229533; Newman, J.C. 1; Email Address: j.c.newman.jr@ae.msstate.edu Yamada, Y. 2 James, M.A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, MS 39762, United States  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Alcoa Technical Center, 100 Technical Drive, Alcoa Center, PA 15069, United States; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 78 Issue 15, p2707; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: BOUNDARY element methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Back-face strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elasticity; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2011.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rappold, Ana G.
AU  - Stone, Susan L.
AU  - Cascio, Wayne E.
AU  - Neas, Lucas M.
AU  - Kilaru, Vasu J.
AU  - Carraway, Martha Sue
AU  - Szykman, James J.
AU  - Ising, Amy
AU  - Cleve, William E.
AU  - Meredith, John T.
AU  - Vaughan-Batten, Heather
AU  - Deyneka, Lana
AU  - Devlin, Robert B.
T1  - Peat Bog Wildfire Smoke Exposure in Rural North Carolina Is Associated with Cardiopulmonary Emergency Department Visits Assessed through Syndromic Surveillance.
JO  - Environmental Health Perspectives
JF  - Environmental Health Perspectives
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 119
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1420
PB  - Superintendent of Documents
SN  - 00916765
AB  - Background: In June 2008, burning peat deposits produced haze and air pollution far in excess of National Ambient Air Quality Standards, encroaching on rural communities of eastern North Carolina. Although the association of mortality and morbidity with exposure to urban air pollution is well established, the health effects associated with exposure to wildfire emissions are less well understood. Objective: We investigated the effects of exposure on cardiorespiratory outcomes in the population affected by the fire. Methods: We performed a population-based study using emergency department (ED) visits reported through the syndromic surveillance program NC DETECT (North Carolina Disease Event Tracking and Epidemiologic Collection Tool). We used aerosol optical depth measured by a satellite to determine a high-exposure window and distinguish counties most impacted by the dense smoke plume from surrounding referent counties. Poisson log-linear regression with a 5-day distributed lag was used to estimate changes in the cumulative relative risk (RR). Results: In the exposed counties, significant increases in cumulative RR for asthma [1.65 (95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.1)], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [1.73 (1.06-2.83)], and pneumonia and acute bronchitis [1.59 (1.07-2.34)] were observed. ED visits associated with cardio- pulmonary symptoms [1.23 (1.06-1.43)] and heart failure [1.37 (1.01-1.85)] were also significantly increased. Conclusions: Satellite data and syndromic surveillance were combined to assess the health impacts of wildfire smoke in rural counties with sparse air-quality monitoring. This is the first study to demonstrate both respiratory and cardiac effects after brief exposure to peat wildfire smoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of Superintendent of Documents and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PUBLIC health surveillance
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - AGE distribution (Demography)
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR diseases
KW  - CONFIDENCE intervals
KW  - EMERGENCY medical services
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - FIRES
KW  - POISSON distribution
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - RESEARCH -- Finance
KW  - RESPIRATORY diseases
KW  - RURAL conditions
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SMOKE
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL exposure
KW  - RELATIVE risk (Medicine)
KW  - NORTH Carolina
KW  - cardiopulmonary health effects
KW  - satellite data
KW  - syndromic surveillance
KW  - wildfire smoke exposure
N1  - Accession Number: 66648268; Rappold, Ana G. 1; Email Address: rappold.ana@epa.gov Stone, Susan L. 1 Cascio, Wayne E. 1 Neas, Lucas M. 1 Kilaru, Vasu J. 2 Carraway, Martha Sue 1 Szykman, James J. 3 Ising, Amy 4 Cleve, William E. 5 Meredith, John T. 6 Vaughan-Batten, Heather 7 Deyneka, Lana 7 Devlin, Robert B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA  2: National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA  3: Environmental Sciences Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  4: Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA  5: Pitt County Memorial Hospital, Greenville, North Carolina, USA  6: Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences; East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, North Carolina, USA  7: North Carolina Division of Public Health, North Carolina Department of Health and Human Services, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 119 Issue 10, p1415; Subject Term: PUBLIC health surveillance; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: AGE distribution (Demography); Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; Subject Term: CONFIDENCE intervals; Subject Term: EMERGENCY medical services; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Subject Term: FIRES; Subject Term: POISSON distribution; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: RESPIRATORY diseases; Subject Term: RURAL conditions; Subject Term: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject Term: SMOKE; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL exposure; Subject Term: RELATIVE risk (Medicine); Subject Term: NORTH Carolina; Author-Supplied Keyword: cardiopulmonary health effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite data; Author-Supplied Keyword: syndromic surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: wildfire smoke exposure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913130 Municipal police services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6025
L3  - 10.1289/ehp.10O3206
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horta, L.
AU  - Reaves, M.
AU  - Buehrle, R.
AU  - Templeton, J.
AU  - Lazor, D.
AU  - Gaspar, J.
AU  - Parks, R.
AU  - Bartolotta, P.
T1  - Finite Element Model Calibration for Ares I-X Flight Vehicle.
JO  - Experimental Mechanics
JF  - Experimental Mechanics
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 51
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1251
EP  - 1263
SN  - 00144851
AB  - Ares I-X is a flight test vehicle developed by NASA to demonstrate a new class of crew launch vehicle. For this first flight test, the first stage was a four segment solid rocket booster with mass simulators used to represent the other sections of the Ares I vehicle. Although this vehicle is significantly simpler than the Ares I, model calibration was required for the finite element model used in loads analysis and flight control evaluations before its maiden flight. The process of calibrating models involves updating parameters and reconciling predictions with test data. This work presents a probabilistic approach to the calibration process. The approach uses Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for parameter sensitivity, nonlinear optimization to minimize the error between test and analysis, and multiple FEM models to bound the system response and to assess the probability of finding a reconciling solution. To reduce the computational burden associated with ANOVA, response surface models are used in lieu of computationally intensive finite element solutions. Uncertainty in the parameters and their effect on the frequency response function is studied in terms of Principal Values of the frequency response functions. Uncertainty bounds of the principal values are established across multiple models to allow one to determine the probability of finding a solution that reconciles analysis with test results. Results from applying this model calibration process to the Ares I-X project are described. Findings presented in the paper confirmed that the baseline model used for pre-flight assessments was within the acceptable range established for guidance and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Dynamics)
KW  - Correlation
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Launch vehicle
KW  - Model calibration
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 65273486; Horta, L. 1; Email Address: lucas.g.horta@nasa.gov Reaves, M. 1; Email Address: mercedes.c.reaves@nasa.gov Buehrle, R. 1; Email Address: ralph.d.buehrle@nasa.gov Templeton, J. 1; Email Address: justin.d.templeton@nasa.gov Lazor, D. 2; Email Address: daniel.r.lazor@nasa.gov Gaspar, J. 1; Email Address: james.l.gaspar@nasa.gov Parks, R. 2; Email Address: russel.a.parks@nasa.gov Bartolotta, P. 3; Email Address: paul.a.bartolotta@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA  2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville 35812 USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 44135 USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 51 Issue 8, p1251; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Subject Term: FREQUENCY response (Dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Launch vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11340-010-9456-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weitz, Catherine M.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Thollot, Patrick
AU  - Mangold, Nicolas
AU  - Roach, Leah H.
T1  - Diverse mineralogies in two troughs of Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 39
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 899
EP  - 902
SN  - 00917613
AB  - Two troughs in Noctis Labyrinthus display a diversity of mineral assemblages rarely seen spatially collocated on Mars. Minerals identified from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data within the troughs include polyhydrated and monohydrated sulfates, an Al clay (e.g., kaolinite or beidellite), Fe/Mg smectites, hydrated silica and/or opal, and a leached clay or jarosite mixture with a doublet absorption between 2.2 and 2.3 µm. Units both pre-date and post-date smaller pits and depressions within the larger troughs, indicating that deposition was coeval with continued extension, collapse, and erosion in the Late Hesperian to Early Amazonian (2-3 Ga). The strata within each trough display a mineralogic diversity consistent with active aqueous processes and/or changing chemical conditions over time, perhaps due to hydrothermal alteration of volcanic ash, influxes of groundwater from nearby Tharsis volcanism, fumarole activity, and melting snow and/or ice. The superposition of younger Fe/Mg smectites over sulfates, Al clays, and hydrated silica and/or opal in both troughs indicates that this region is unique relative to most other locations on Mars, where the opposite progression is observed and the Fe/Mg smectites are Noachian (older than 3.6 Ga) in age. Consequently, these troughs may have been habitable regions on Mars at a time when drier conditions dominated the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - GROUNDWATER
KW  - VOLCANISM
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - THARSIS Montes (Mars)
N1  - Accession Number: 66756191; Weitz, Catherine M. 1 Bishop, Janice L. 2 Thollot, Patrick 3 Mangold, Nicolas 3 Roach, Leah H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA  2: SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) Institute, and NASA Ames Research Center, Carl Sagan Center, 189 N. Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes, CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) et Université Nantes, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex, France  4: Frontier Technology, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 450G, Beverly, Massachusetts 01915, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p899; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER; Subject Term: VOLCANISM; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: THARSIS Montes (Mars); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G32045.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vahidinia, Sanaz
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Hedman, Matt
AU  - Draine, Bruce
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Roush, Ted
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - Nicholson, Philip D.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
T1  - Saturn’s F ring grains: Aggregates made of crystalline water ice
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 215
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 682
EP  - 694
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present models of the near-infrared (1–5μm) spectra of Saturn’s F ring obtained by Cassini’s Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) at ultra-high phase angles (177.4–178.5°). Modeling this spectrum constrains the size distribution, composition, and structure of F ring particles in the 0.1–100μm size range. These spectra are very different from those obtained at lower phase angles; they lack the familiar 1.5 and 2μm absorption bands, and the expected 3μm water ice primary absorption appears as an unusually narrow dip at 2.87μm. We have modeled these data using multiple approaches. First, we use a simple Mie scattering model to constrain the size distribution and composition of the particles. The Mie model allows us to understand the overall shapes of the spectra in terms of dominance by diffraction at these ultra-high phase angles, and also to demonstrate that the 2.87μm dip is associated with the Christiansen frequency of water ice (where the real refractive index passes unity). Second, we use a combination of Mie scattering with Effective Medium Theory to probe the effect of porous (but structureless) particles on the overall shape of the spectrum and depth of the 2.87μm band. Such simple models are not able to capture the shape of this absorption feature well. Finally, we model each particle as an aggregate of discrete monomers, using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA) model, and find a better fit for the depth of the 2.87μm feature. The DDA models imply a slightly different overall size distribution. We present a simple heuristic model which explains the differences between the Mie and DDA model results. We conclude that the F ring contains aggregate particles with a size distribution that is distinctly narrower than a typical power law, and that the particles are predominantly crystalline water ice. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY rings
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Saturn, Rings
N1  - Accession Number: 65932271; Vahidinia, Sanaz; Email Address: svahidinia@yahoo.com Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1 Hedman, Matt 1 Draine, Bruce 1 Clark, Roger N. 1 Roush, Ted 1 Filacchione, Gianrico 1 Nicholson, Philip D. 1 Brown, Robert H. 1 Buratti, Bonnie 1 Sotin, Christophe 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Post Doctoral Program, Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, NASA Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 215 Issue 2, p682; Subject Term: PLANETARY rings; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Rings; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hutcheson, Florence V.
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
AU  - Humphreys, William M.
T1  - Noise radiation from a continuous mold-line link flap configuration.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 565
EP  - 588
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The results of an experimental study of the noise from a Continuous Mold-Line Link (CML) flap are presented. Acoustic and unsteady surface pressure measurements were performed on a main element wing section with a half-span CML flap in NASA Langley's Quiet Flow Facility. The acoustic data were acquired with a medium aperture directional array (MADA) of microphones. The Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources (DAMAS) method is applied to determine the spatial distribution and strength of the noise sources over the surface of the test model. A Coherent Output Power (COP) method which relates the output from unsteady surface pressure sensors to the output of the MADA is also used to obtain more detailed characteristics of the noise source distribution in the trailing edge region of the CML. These results are compared to those obtained for a blunt flap to quantify the level of noise benefit that is achieved with the CML flap. The results indicate that the noise from the CML region of the flap is 5 to 17 dB lower (depending on flap deflection and Mach number) than the noise from the side edge region of the blunt flap. Lower noise levels are obtained for all frequencies. Spectral analysis of the noise from the cove region of the CML and blunt flap models also reveal a spectral peak in the high frequency range that is related to noise scattering at the trailing edge of the main element. The peaks in the CML and blunt flap cove noise spectra are close in level and often exceed blunt side edge noise. Applying a strip of serrated tape to the trailing edge of the CML flap model main airfoil reduced the peak but increased other noise somewhat. Directivity measurements show that the CML flap can be more directional than the blunt flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - NOISE generators (Electronics)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - NOISE
KW  - SPECTRAL analysis (Phonetics)
N1  - Accession Number: 65975354; Hutcheson, Florence V. 1 Brooks, Thomas F. 1 Humphreys, William M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p565; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: NOISE generators (Electronics); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: SPECTRAL analysis (Phonetics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
AU  - Bridges, J. E.
AU  - Huff, D. L.
T1  - Evolution from 'tabs' to 'chevron technology' - a review.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 685
EP  - 710
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - 'Chevrons', a sawtooth pattern on the trailing edge of exhaust nozzles, are being implemented on modern jet engines. The technology reduces jet noise for 'separate-flow' nozzles used on newer jet aircraft engines. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of this technology, starting with studies of 'tabs' in the 1980's and 1990's. The tabs, essentially chevrons with more aggressive penetration, were studied in those early years with a focus on mixing enhancement in jets. Observations from experimentalists in connection with mixing enhancement and plume signature reduction suggested that there might also be a noise benefit. In the mid-nineties, these devices, with mild penetration to minimize thrust loss, were first seriously explored for aircraft engine noise reduction purposes. Prompted by a strong need for jet noise reduction, the study became a joint NASA/industry effort that ultimately matured the chevron technology to production by mid-2000's. The process is an example of how fundamental studies over decades eventually migrate to application but often take a concerted effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEVRONS (Badges)
KW  - EXHAUST nozzles
KW  - JET engines
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - NOISE control
N1  - Accession Number: 65975355; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1 Bridges, J. E. 1 Huff, D. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 10 Issue 5, p685; Subject Term: CHEVRONS (Badges); Subject Term: EXHAUST nozzles; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: NOISE control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Nishino, Takafumi
T1  - Numerical study comparing RANS and LES approaches on a circulation control airfoil
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 32
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 847
EP  - 864
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - Abstract: A numerical study over a nominally two-dimensional circulation control airfoil is performed using a large-eddy simulation code and two Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes codes. Different Coanda jet blowing conditions are investigated. In addition to investigating the influence of grid density, a comparison is made between incompressible and compressible flow solvers. The incompressible equations are found to yield negligible differences from the compressible equations up to at least a jet exit Mach number of 0.64. The effects of different turbulence models are also studied. Models that do not account for streamline curvature effects tend to predict jet separation from the Coanda surface too late, and can produce non-physical solutions at high blowing rates. Three different turbulence models that account for streamline curvature are compared with each other and with large eddy simulation solutions. All three models are found to predict the Coanda jet separation location reasonably well, but one of the models predicts specific flow field details near the Coanda surface prior to separation much better than the other two. All Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computations produce higher circulation than large eddy simulation computations, with different stagnation point location and greater flow acceleration around the nose onto the upper surface. The precise reasons for the higher circulation are not clear, although it is not solely a function of predicting the jet separation location correctly. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - COANDA effect
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - STAGNATION point
KW  - MACH number
KW  - Circulation control
KW  - Flow control
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 65341785; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov Nishino, Takafumi 2; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  2: Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 32 Issue 5, p847; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: COANDA effect; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: STAGNATION point; Subject Term: MACH number; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circulation control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2011.06.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
AU  - Brock, Robert
AU  - Nemeth, Noel
T1  - A combined transport-kinetics model for the growth of renal calculi
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 332
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
EP  - 57
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: Renal stone disease is not only a concern on the Earth but could conceivably pose a serious risk to the astronauts'' health and safety in Space. In this study, a combined transport-kinetics model for the growth of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals is presented. The model is used to parametrically investigate the growth of renal calculi in urine with a focus on the coupled effects of transport and surface reaction on the ionic concentrations at the surface of the crystal and their impact on the resulting growth rates. It is shown that under nominal conditions of low solution supersaturation and low Damköhler number that typically exist on the Earth, the surface concentrations of calcium and oxalate approach their bulk solution values in the urine and the growth rate is most likely limited by the surface reaction kinetics. But for higher solution supersaturations and large Damköhler numbers that may be prevalent in the microgravity environment of Space, the calcium and oxalate surface concentrations tend to shift more towards their equilibrium or saturation values and thus the growth process may be limited by the transport through the medium. Furthermore, it is shown that as the crystal size increases a shift towards a transport-limited growth process is likely. In this situation beyond a critical radius that is a function of the physiochemical parameters of the renal environment, the growth rate will not be independent of the radius as in a reaction-limited situation but will decrease as the crystal size increases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - KIDNEY stones
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - CALCIUM oxalate
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - A1. Convection
KW  - A1. Diffusion
KW  - A1. Growth models
KW  - A1. Mass transfer
KW  - A2. Growth from solutions
KW  - B1. Biological substances
N1  - Accession Number: 65231098; Kassemi, Mohammad 1; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov Brock, Robert 2 Nemeth, Noel 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research (NCSER), NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mailstop 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: ZIN Technology Inc., Cleveland, OH 44130, USA  3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 332 Issue 1, p48; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: KIDNEY stones; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CALCIUM oxalate; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Growth models; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Mass transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: A2. Growth from solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. Biological substances; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2011.07.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sawicki, Jerzy T.
AU  - Storozhev, Dmitry L.
AU  - Lekki, John D.
T1  - Exploration of NDE Properties of AMB Supported Rotors for Structural Damage Detection.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 133
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 102501-1
EP  - 102501-9
SN  - 07424795
AB  - This paper addresses self-diagnostic properties of active magnetic bearing (AMB) supported rotors for online detection of the transverse crack on a rotating shaft. In addition to pure levitation, the rotor supporting bearing also serves as an actuator that transforms current signals additionally injected into the control loop into the superimposed specially selected excitation forces into the suspended rotor These additional excitations induce combination frequencies in the rotor response, providing unique signatures for the presence of crack. The background of theoretical modeling, experimental, and computer simulation results for the AMB supported cracked rotor with self-diagnostic excitation forces are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC bearings
KW  - ROTORS -- Bearings
KW  - SHAFTING -- Bearings
KW  - FLEXIBLE shafting
KW  - ELECTRIC machinery -- Bearing currents
KW  - ACTUATORS
N1  - Accession Number: 67159620; Sawicki, Jerzy T.; Email Address: j.sawicki@csuohio.edu Storozhev, Dmitry L. 1 Lekki, John D. 2; Email Address: john.d.lekki@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Rotating Machinery Dynamics and Control (RoMaDyC), Fenn College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115-2214  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Brookpark, OH 44135-3191; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 133 Issue 10, p102501-1; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bearings; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Bearings; Subject Term: SHAFTING -- Bearings; Subject Term: FLEXIBLE shafting; Subject Term: ELECTRIC machinery -- Bearing currents; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4002908
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwerdt, Helen N.
AU  - Xu, Wencheng
AU  - Shekhar, Sameer
AU  - Abbaspour-Tamijani, Abbas
AU  - Towe, Bruce C.
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
AU  - Chae, Junseok
T1  - A Fully Passive Wireless Microsystem for Recording of Neuropotentials Using RF Backscattering Methods.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1119
EP  - 1130
SN  - 10577157
AB  - The ability to safely monitor neuropotentials is essential in establishing methods to study the brain. Current research focuses on the wireless telemetry aspect of implantable sensors in order to make these devices ubiquitous and safe. Chronic implants necessitate superior reliability and durability of the integrated electronics. The power consumption of implanted electronics must also be limited to within several milliwatts to microwatts to minimize heat trauma in the human body. In order to address these severe requirements, we developed an entirely passive and wireless microsystem for recording neuropotentials. An external interrogator supplies a fundamental microwave carrier to the microsystem. The microsystem comprises varactors that perform nonlinear mixing of neuropotential and fundamental carrier signals. The varactors generate third-order mixing products that are wirelessly backscattered to the external interrogator where the original neuropotential signals are recovered. Performance of the neurorecording microsystem was demonstrated by wireless recording of emulated and in vivo neuropotentials. The obtained results were wireless recovery of neuropotentials as low as approximately 500 microvolts peak-to-peak (\mu\Vpp) with a bandwidth of 10 Hz to 3 kHz (for emulated signals) and with 128 epoch signal averaging of repetitive signals (for in vivo signals).\hfill[2010-0338] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PASSIVE components
KW  - WIRELESS communication systems
KW  - POTENTIAL theory (Physics)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - SERVICE life (Engineering)
KW  - VARACTORS
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - Antennas
KW  - Backscatter
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - biomicroelectromechanical systems
KW  - Frequency modulation
KW  - Harmonic analysis
KW  - neural recording
KW  - neural telemetry
KW  - Radio frequency
KW  - radio frequency (RF) identification (RFID)
KW  - Varactors
KW  - Wireless communication
N1  - Accession Number: 66421215; Schwerdt, Helen N. 1 Xu, Wencheng 1 Shekhar, Sameer 2 Abbaspour-Tamijani, Abbas 3 Towe, Bruce C. 4 Miranda, Félix A. 5 Chae, Junseok 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA  2: Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, USA  3: Freeform Wave Technologies, LLC, Los Angeles, CA, USA  4: School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA  5: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p1119; Subject Term: PASSIVE components; Subject Term: WIRELESS communication systems; Subject Term: POTENTIAL theory (Physics); Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: SERVICE life (Engineering); Subject Term: VARACTORS; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscatter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomicroelectromechanical systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmonic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: neural recording; Author-Supplied Keyword: neural telemetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio frequency (RF) identification (RFID); Author-Supplied Keyword: Varactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wireless communication; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2011.2162487
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okojie, Robert S.
AU  - Chang, Carl W.
AU  - Evans, Laura J.
T1  - Reducing DRIE-Induced Trench Effects in SiC Pressure Sensors Using FEA Prediction.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 20
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1174
EP  - 1183
SN  - 10577157
AB  - Burst force of several 4H–SiC pressure sensor diaphragms fabricated by reactive ion etching (RIE) is measured and coupled with finite-element (FE) analyses to extract a fracture strength of 786 \pm 0.3 MPa. The result, which was in relative agreement with previously published values, was applied in various failure prediction models for RIE-induced trench defects that were responsible for the premature failures observed in SiC pressure sensors. The FE model associated with trench-free diaphragms was experimentally validated to prevent such failure, thereby resulting in the expansion of the sensor pressure handling capacity by more than twofold. The RIE fabrication process conditions for this model have been successfully implemented as a standard process. This result was extended further into developing failure prediction models for other observed RIE-induced etch characteristics.\hfill[2010-0246] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA etching
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - DIAPHRAGMS (Structural engineering)
KW  - Burst force
KW  - etch trench
KW  - Etching
KW  - finite-element (FE) analyses (FEAs)
KW  - Force
KW  - fracture strength
KW  - Image sensors
KW  - pressure sensors
KW  - Sensor phenomena and characterization
KW  - Silicon carbide
KW  - Stress
N1  - Accession Number: 66421219; Okojie, Robert S. 1 Chang, Carl W. 2 Evans, Laura J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: ASRC Aerospace Corporation/Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 20 Issue 5, p1174; Subject Term: PLASMA etching; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: DIAPHRAGMS (Structural engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Burst force; Author-Supplied Keyword: etch trench; Author-Supplied Keyword: Etching; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite-element (FE) analyses (FEAs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Force; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: pressure sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor phenomena and characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2011.2163298
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Seongim
AU  - Datta, Anubhav
AU  - Alonso, Juan J.
T1  - Prediction of Helicopter Rotor Loads Using Time-Spectral Computational Fluid Dynamics and an Exact Fluid-Structure Interface.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The objectives of this paper are to introduce time-spectral computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the analysis of helicopter rotor flows in level flight and to introduce an exact fluid-structure interface for coupled CFD/computational structural dynamics (CSD) analysis. The accuracy and efficiency of time-spectral CFD are compared with conventional time-marching computations. The exact interface is equipped with an exact delta coupling procedure that bypasses the requirement for sectional airloads. Predicted loads are compared between time-spectral and time-marching CFD using both interfaces and validated using UH-60A flight data for high-vibration and dynamic stall conditions. It is concluded that time-spectral CFD can indeed predict rotor performance and peak-to-peak structural loads efficiently, and hence, open opportunity for blade shape optimization. The vibratory and dynamic stall loads, however, require a large number of time instances, which reduces its efficiency. The exact interface and delta procedure allow coupling to be implemented for arbitrary grids and advanced structural models exactly, without the requirement for two-dimensional sectional airloads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 86238989; Choi, Seongim 1; Email Address: schoi1@kaist.ac.kr Datta, Anubhav 2 Alonso, Juan J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Research Associate, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA  2: Rotorcraft Dynamicist, Science and Technology Corporation U. S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: Associate Professor, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p1; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.56.042001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yeo, Hyeonsoo
AU  - Potsdam, Mark
AU  - Ormiston, Robert A.
T1  - Rotor Aeroelastic Stability Analysis Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics (CFD/CSD) coupling was successfully applied to the rotor aeroelastic stability problem to calculate lead-lag regressing mode damping of a hingeless rotor in hover and forward flight. A direct time domain numerical integration of the equations in response to suitable excitation was solved using a tight CFD/CSD coupling. Two different excitation methods--swashplate cyclic pitch and blade tip lead-lag force excitations-- were investigated to provide suitable blade transient responses. The free decay transient response time histories were postprocessed using the moving-block method to determine the damping as a function of the rotor operating conditions. Coupled CFD/CSD analysis results are compared with the experimentally measured stability data obtained for a 7.5-ftdiameter Mach-scale hingeless rotor model as well as stability predictions using the comprehensive analysis Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS). The coupled CFD/CSD predictions agreed more closely with the experimental lead-lag damping measurements than RCAS predictions based on conventional aerodynamic methods, better capturing key features in the damping trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 86238991; Yeo, Hyeonsoo 1; Email Address: hyeonsoo.yeo@us.army.mil Potsdam, Mark 1 Ormiston, Robert A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p1; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.56.042003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86238991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yeo, Hyeonsoo
AU  - Romander, Ethan A.
AU  - Norman, Thomas R.
T1  - Investigation of Rotor Performance and Loads of a UH-60A Individual Blade Control System.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 56
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Wind tunnel measurements of performance, loads, and vibration of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor with an individual blade control (IBC) system are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive helicopter analysis CAMRAD II and a coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 analysis. Measured data show a 5.1% rotor power reduction (8.6% rotor lift to effective-drag ratio increase) using 2/rev IBC actuation with 2.0? amplitude at µ = 0.4. At the optimum IBC phase for rotor performance, IBC actuator force (pitch link force) decreased, and neither flap nor chord bending moments changed significantly. CAMRAD II predicts the rotor power variations with the IBC phase reasonably well at µ = 0.35. However, the correlation degrades at µ = 0.4. Coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 shows excellent correlation with the measured rotor power variations with the IBC phase at both µ = 0.35 and µ = 0.4. Maximum reduction of IBC actuator force is better predicted with CAMRAD II, but general trends are better captured with the coupled analysis. The correlation of vibratory hub loads is generally poor by both methods, although the coupled analysis somewhat captures general trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 86238994; Yeo, Hyeonsoo 1; Email Address: hyeonsoo.yeo@us.army.mil Romander, Ethan A. 2 Norman, Thomas R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering, Command Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Flight Vehicle Research and Technology Division National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames,Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p1; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.56.042006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86238994&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steffen, J. H.
AU  - Quinn, S. N.
AU  - Borucki, W. J.
AU  - Brugamyer, E.
AU  - Bryson, S. T.
AU  - Buchhave, L. A.
AU  - Cochran, W. D.
AU  - Endl, M.
AU  - Fabrycky, D. C.
AU  - Ford, E. B.
AU  - Holman, M. J.
AU  - Jenkins, J.
AU  - Koch, D.
AU  - Latham, D. W.
AU  - MacQueen, P.
AU  - Mullally, F.
AU  - Prša, A.
AU  - Ragozzine, D.
AU  - Rowe, J. F.
AU  - Sanderfer, D. T.
T1  - The architecture of the hierarchical triple star KOI 928 from eclipse timing variations seen in Kepler photometry.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 417
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L31
EP  - L35
SN  - 17453925
AB  - ABSTRACT We present a hierarchical triple star system (KIC 9140402) where a low-mass eclipsing binary orbits a more massive third star. The orbital period of the binary (4.988 29 d) is determined by the eclipse times seen in photometry from NASA's Kepler spacecraft. The periodically changing tidal field, due to the eccentric orbit of the binary about the tertiary, causes a change in the orbital period of the binary. The resulting eclipse timing variations provide insight into the dynamics and architecture of this system and allow the inference of the total mass of the binary (0.424 ± 0.017 M⊙) and the orbital parameters of the binary about the central star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRIPLE stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 66213541; Steffen, J. H. 1 Quinn, S. N. 2 Borucki, W. J. 3 Brugamyer, E. 4 Bryson, S. T. 3 Buchhave, L. A. 5 Cochran, W. D. 4 Endl, M. 4 Fabrycky, D. C. 6 Ford, E. B. 7 Holman, M. J. 2 Jenkins, J. 3,8 Koch, D. 3 Latham, D. W. 2 MacQueen, P. 4 Mullally, F. 3,8 Prša, A. 9 Ragozzine, D. 2 Rowe, J. F. 3 Sanderfer, D. T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, PO Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712-2059, USA  5: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611-2055, USA  8: SETI Institute, 515 North Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  9: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 417 Issue 1, pL31; Subject Term: TRIPLE stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2011.01114.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giuranna, M.
AU  - Roush, T.L.
AU  - Duxbury, T.
AU  - Hogan, R.C.
AU  - Carli, C.
AU  - Geminale, A.
AU  - Formisano, V.
T1  - Compositional interpretation of PFS/MEx and TES/MGS thermal infrared spectra of Phobos
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1308
EP  - 1325
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The origin of the Martian satellites presents a puzzle of long standing. Addressing the composition of Phobos will help constrain theories of its formation. Visible and near-infrared spectra of Phobos lack deep absorption features, making the compositional interpretation a tricky task. PFS/MEx and TES/MGS observations in the thermal infrared show several spectral features that can be used to investigate the composition of the surface. Our results show that the majority of the spectra are consistent with the presence of phyllosilicates, particularly in the area northeast of Stickney. This area corresponds to the “blue” region as defined by . Analysis of PFS and TES observations in the “red” region defined by are consistent with tectosilicates, especially feldspars/feldspathoids. We discuss several physical and chemical mechanisms that can act to eliminate or reduce the strength of bands in the VIS/NIR spectra, with possibly little or no effect in the mid-IR. Comparison of the TES and PFS data to the meteorites shows that no class of chondritic meteorites provide significant agreement with the spectral features observed. The lack of consistency of the PFS and TES spectra to analogs of ultraprimitive materials (organic residues) suggests that an origin via capture of a transneptunian object is not supported by these observations, although it cannot be completely ruled out. Derived surface temperatures from PFS and TES data are in very good agreement with brightness temperatures derived from Viking orbiter measurements, Earth-based observations, and values predicted by numerical models. Our results show that the surface temperature of Phobos varies with solar incidence angle and heliocentric distance, reconciling the different results. We collect and summarize the compositional clues for the origin of Phobos discussed in this paper, including our results. Currently, the most likely scenario is the in-situ formation of Phobos, although a capture of achrondrite-like meteorites is not ruled out. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - TRANS-Neptunian objects
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - IN situ processing (Mining)
KW  - ASTROMINERALOGY
KW  - PHOBOS (Satellite)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Composition
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Phobos
KW  - Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 65497745; Giuranna, M. 1; Email Address: marco.giuranna@ifsi-roma.inaf.it Roush, T.L. 2 Duxbury, T. 3 Hogan, R.C. 4 Carli, C. 5 Geminale, A. 1 Formisano, V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario INAF-IFSI, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  2: NASA Ames Research Center, P.O. Box 1, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, C/O P.O. Box 1, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  5: Isituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica cosmica INAF-IASF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 59 Issue 13, p1308; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: TRANS-Neptunian objects; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: IN situ processing (Mining); Subject Term: ASTROMINERALOGY; Subject Term: PHOBOS (Satellite); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phobos; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stubbs, T.J.
AU  - Glenar, D.A.
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
AU  - Vondrak, R.R.
AU  - Collier, M.R.
AU  - Halekas, J.S.
AU  - Delory, G.T.
T1  - On the role of dust in the lunar ionosphere
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1659
EP  - 1664
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Radio occultation measurements from the Soviet Luna 19 mission suggest that electron concentrations above the sunlit lunar surface can be significantly higher than that expected from either the photo-ionization of exospheric neutrals or any other well-known process. These measurements were used to infer the electron column concentrations above the lunar limb as a function of tangent height, which surprisingly indicated peak concentrations of ∼103 cm−3 at ∼5km altitude. It has been speculated that electrically charged exospheric dust could contribute to such electron populations. This possibility is examined here using the exospheric dust abundances inferred from Apollo 15 coronal photographs to estimate the concentration of electrons produced by photo- and secondary emission from dust. These estimates far exceed the electron concentrations predicted by any other suggested mechanism, and are within a factor of ≈20 of those inferred from the Luna 19 measurements. It is possible that this discrepancy is due to an under-estimate in dust grain capacitances and/or the presence of much higher exospheric dust abundances during the Luna 19 measurements. These results suggest that electrons emitted from exospheric dust could be responsible for the Luna 19 measurements, and that this process could dominate the formation and evolution of the lunar ionosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - IONOSPHERE
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - AIRGLOW
KW  - LUNAR photography
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Apollo 15
KW  - Dust-electrons
KW  - Horizon glow
KW  - Luna 19
KW  - Lunar ionosphere
KW  - Moon
KW  - Radio occultation
N1  - Accession Number: 65497781; Stubbs, T.J. 1,2,3; Email Address: Timothy.J.Stubbs@NASA.gov Glenar, D.A. 2,3,4 Farrell, W.M. 2,3 Vondrak, R.R. 2,3 Collier, M.R. 2,3 Halekas, J.S. 2,3 Delory, G.T. 3,5,6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA  5: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 59 Issue 13, p1659; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: AIRGLOW; Subject Term: LUNAR photography; Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apollo 15; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust-electrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horizon glow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luna 19; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio occultation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.05.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Saghaian, S.M.
AU  - Basaran, B.
AU  - Bigelow, G.S.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Compressive response of nickel-rich NiTiHf high-temperature shape memory single crystals along the [111] orientation
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2011/10//
VL  - 65
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 577
EP  - 580
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The shape memory properties of Ni-rich NiTiHf single crystals along the [111] orientation were investigated by thermal cycling under constant stress and stress cycling at constant temperature in compression. The single crystals demonstrate stable shape memory behavior under ultrahigh stress levels (1000MPa) with about 3% transformation strain, a maximum work output of 30Jcm−3 and nearly perfect pseudoelasticity at high temperatures (180–200°C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - Martensitic phase transformation
KW  - NiTiHf
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Single crystals
KW  - Transformation strain
N1  - Accession Number: 64858798; Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Saghaian, S.M. 1 Basaran, B. 1 Bigelow, G.S. 2 Noebe, R.D. 2 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk, 634050, Russia; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 65 Issue 7, p577; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transformation strain; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.06.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
AU  - Crawford, T. Daniel
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - The trans-HOCO radical: Quartic force fields, vibrational frequencies, and spectroscopic constants.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2011/10/07/
VL  - 135
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 134301
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - In the search for a full mechanism creating CO2 from OH + CO, it has been suggested that creation of the hydroxyformyl or HOCO radical may be a necessary step. This reaction and its transient intermediate may also be responsible for the regeneration of CO2 in such high quantities in the atmosphere of Mars. Past spectroscopic observations of this radical have been limited and a full gas phase set of the fundamental vibrational frequencies of the HOCO radical has not been reported. Using established, highly accurate quantum chemical coupled cluster techniques and quartic force fields, we are able to compute all six fundamental vibrational frequencies and other spectroscopic constants for trans-HOCO in the gas phase. These methods have yielded rotational constants that are within 0.01 cm-1 for A0 and 10-4 cm-1 for B0 and C0 compared with experiment as well as fundamental vibrational frequencies within 4 cm-1 of the known gas phase experimental ν1 and ν2 modes. Such results lead us to conclude that our prediction of the other four fundamental modes of trans-HOCO are also quite reliable for comparison to future experimental observation, though the discrepancy for the torsional mode may be larger since it is fairly anharmonic. With the upcoming European Space Agency/NASA ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, these data may help to establish whether HOCO is present in the Martian sky and what role it may play in the retention of a CO2-rich atmosphere. Furthermore, these data may also help to clear up questions built around the fundamental chemical process of how exactly the OH + CO reaction progresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry)
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - TRACE gases
KW  - EUROPEAN Space Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 66387908; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2 Francisco, Joseph S. 3 Crawford, T. Daniel 1 Lee, Timothy J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061,  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  3: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Source Info: 10/7/2011, Vol. 135 Issue 13, p134301; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: INTERMEDIATES (Chemistry); Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: TRACE gases; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Space Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3643336
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SERRA, PAOLO
AU  - AMBLARD, ALEXANDRE
AU  - TEMI, PASQUALE
AU  - BURGARELLA, DENIS
AU  - GIOVANNOLI, ELODIE
AU  - BUAT, VERONIQUE
AU  - NOLL, STEFAN
AU  - STEPHEN, IM
T1  - CIGALEMC: GALAXY PARAMETER ESTIMATION USING A MARKOV CHAIN MONTE CARLO APPROACH WITH CIGALE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/10/10/
VL  - 740
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We introduce a fast Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) exploration of the astrophysical parameter space using a modified version of the publicly available code Code Investigating GALaxy Emission (CIGALE). The origin CIGALE builds a grid of theoretical spectral energy distribution (SED) models and fits to photometric fluxes from ultraviolet to infrared to put constraints on parameters related to both formation and evolution of galaxies. Such a grid-based method can lead to a long and challenging parameter extraction since the computation time increases exponentially with the number of parameters considered and results can be dependent on the density of sampling points, which must be chosen in advance for each parameter. MCMC methods, on the other hand, scale approximately linearly with the number of parameters, allowing a faster and more accurate exploration o the parameter space by using a smaller number of efficiently chosen samples. We test our MCMC version of the code CIGALE (called CIGALEMC) with simulated data. After checking the ability of the code to retrieve the input parameters used to build the mock sample, we fit theoretical SEDs to real data from the well-known and -studied Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxy Survey sample. We discuss constraints on the parameters and show the advantages of our MCMC sampling method in terms of accuracy of the results and optimization of CPU time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET astronomy
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - galaxies: fundamental parameters
KW  - methods: data analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 67507108; SERRA, PAOLO 1 AMBLARD, ALEXANDRE 1 TEMI, PASQUALE 1 BURGARELLA, DENIS 2 GIOVANNOLI, ELODIE 2 BUAT, VERONIQUE 2 NOLL, STEFAN 3 STEPHEN, IM 1; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center. MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: 0bservatoire Astronomique de Marseille-Provence, 38 rue Frederic Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France  3: Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik. Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstr.25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 740 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET astronomy; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637x/740/1/22
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SKEMER, ANDREW J.
AU  - CLOSE, LAIRD M.
AU  - GREENE, THOMAS P.
AU  - HINZ, PHILIP M.
AU  - HOFFMANN, WILLIAM F.
AU  - MALES, JARED R.
T1  - DUST GRAIN EVOLUTION IN SPATIALLY RESOLVED T TAURI BINARIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/10/10/
VL  - 740
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Core-accretion planet formation begins in protoplanetary disks with the growth of small, interstellar medium dust grains into larger particles. The progress of grain growth, which can be quantified using 10 µm silicate spectroscopy, has broad implications for the final products of planet formation. Previous studies have attempted to correlate stellar and disk properties with the 10µm silicate feature in an effort to determine which stars are efficient at grain growth. Thus far there does not appear to be a dominant correlated parameter. In this paper, we use spatially resolved adaptive optics spectroscopy of nine T Tauri binaries as tight as 0″:25 to determine if basic properties shared between binary stars, such as age, composition, and formation history, have an effect on dust grain evolution. We find with 90%-95% confidence that the silicate feature equivalent widths of binaries are more similar than those of randomly paired single stars, implying that shared properties do play an important role in dust grain evolution. At lower statistical significance, we find with 82% confidence that the secondary has a more prominent silicate emission feature (i.e., smaller grains) than the primary. If confirmed by larger surveys, this would imply that spectral type and/or binarity are important factors in dust grain evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - T Tauri stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - Herbig Ae/Be
KW  - instrumentation: adaptive optics
KW  - planets and satellites: formation
KW  - protoplanetary disks
KW  - stars: variables
KW  - T Tauri
N1  - Accession Number: 67507129; SKEMER, ANDREW J. 1 CLOSE, LAIRD M. 1 GREENE, THOMAS P. 2 HINZ, PHILIP M. 1 HOFFMANN, WILLIAM F. 1 MALES, JARED R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 740 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: T Tauri stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: Herbig Ae/Be; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumentation: adaptive optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: T Tauri; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/43
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
AU  - Nealy, John E.
AU  - Wilson, John W.
T1  - The Low Earth Orbit validation of a dynamic and anisotropic trapped radiation model through ISS measurements
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/10/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1441
EP  - 1458
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The International Space Station (ISS) provides the proving ground for future long duration human activities in space. Ionizing radiation measurements in ISS form the ideal tool for the experimental validation of radiation environmental models, nuclear transport code algorithms and nuclear reaction cross sections. Indeed, prior measurements on the Space Transportation System (STS; Shuttle) have provided vital information impacting both the environmental models and the nuclear transport code development by requiring dynamic models of the Low Earth Orbit (LEO) environment. Previous studies using Computer Aided Design (CAD) models of the evolving ISS configurations with Thermo-Luminescent Detector (TLD) area monitors, demonstrated that computational dosimetry requires environmental models with accurate non-isotropic as well as dynamic behavior, detailed information on rack loading, and an accurate six degree of freedom (DOF) description of ISS trajectory and orientation. It is imperative that we understand ISS exposures dynamically for crew career planning, and insure that the regulatory requirements of keeping exposure as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) are adequately implemented. This is especially true as ISS nears some form of completion with increasing complexity, resulting in a larger drag coefficient, and requiring operation at higher altitudes with increased exposure rates. In this paper ISS environmental model is configured for 11A (circa mid 2005), and uses non-isotropic and dynamic geomagnetic transmission and trapped proton models. ISS 11A and LEO model validations are important steps in preparation for the design and validation for the next generation manned vehicles. While the described cutoff rigidity, trapped proton and electron formalisms as coded in a package named GEORAD (GEOmagnetic RADiation) and a web interface named OLTARIS (On-line Tool for the Assessment of Radiation in Space) are applicable to the LEO, Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) at quiet solar periods, in this report, the validation of the models using available measurements are limited to STS and ISS nominal operational altitudes (300–400km) range at LEO where the dominant fields within the vehicle are the trapped proton and attenuated Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) ions. The described formalism applies to trapped electron at LEO, MEO and GEO as well. Due to the scarcity of available electron measurements, the trapped electron capabilities of the GEORAD are not discussed in this report, but are accessible through OLTARIS web interface. GEORAD and OLTARIS interests are in the study of long term effects (i.e. a meaningful portion of solar cycle). Therefore, GEORAD does not incorporate any short term external field contribution due to solar activity. Finally, we apply these environmental models to selected target points within ISS 6A (circa early 2001), 7A (circa late 2001), and 11A during its passage through the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) to assess the validity of the environmental models at ISS altitudes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZING radiation -- Measurement
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - COMPUTER-aided design
KW  - THERMOLUMINESCENCE dosimetry
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - GCR
KW  - GEORAD
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - ISS
KW  - LEO
KW  - STS
N1  - Accession Number: 65046409; Badavi, Francis F. 1; Email Address: francis.f.badavi@nasa.gov Nealy, John E. 2; Email Address: John.e.nealy@nasa.gov Wilson, John W. 3; Email Address: jwilson61@cox.net; Affiliation:  1: Christopher Newport University, OSP, 1 University Place, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  2: Old Dominion University, 5115 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center (DRA), MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 48 Issue 8, p1441; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation -- Measurement; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided design; Subject Term: THERMOLUMINESCENCE dosimetry; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEORAD; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISS; Author-Supplied Keyword: LEO; Author-Supplied Keyword: STS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.06.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan
AU  - Arumugam, Prabhu U.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
T1  - Detection of ricin using a carbon nanofiber based biosensor
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2011/10/15/
VL  - 28
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 428
EP  - 433
SN  - 09565663
AB  - Abstract: We report ricin detection using antibody and aptamer probes immobilized on a nanoelectrode array (NEA) consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs). These biosensor chips are fabricated on a wafer scale using steps common in integrated circuit manufacturing. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is used to characterize the detection event and the results indicate that the electron transfer resistance changes significantly after the ricin protein binds to the probe. Further confirmation is obtained from evaluation of the electrode surface by atomic force microscopy which clearly shows a change in height from the bare electrode to the surface bound by the probe-protein. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RICIN
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - IMPEDANCE spectroscopy
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - Antibody
KW  - Aptamer
KW  - Carbon nanofiber
KW  - Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Ricin
N1  - Accession Number: 65044225; Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan 1 Arumugam, Prabhu U. Meyyappan, M. 1 Koehne, Jessica E.; Email Address: Jessica.E.Koehne@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p428; Subject Term: RICIN; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: IMPEDANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antibody; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aptamer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanofiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ricin; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bios.2011.07.061
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lawson, John W.
AU  - Daw, Murray S.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - Lattice thermal conductivity of ultra high temperature ceramics ZrB2 and HfB2 from atomistic simulations.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2011/10/15/
VL  - 110
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 083507
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Atomistic Green-Kubo simulations are performed to evaluate the lattice thermal conductivity for single crystals of the ultra high temperature ceramics ZrB2 and HfB2. Recently developed interatomic potentials are used for these simulations. Heat current correlation functions show rapid oscillations, which can be identified with mixed metal-Boron optical phonon modes. Results for temperatures from 300K to 1000K are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS -- Research
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMAL conductivity measurement
KW  - PHONONS
KW  - MATERIALS at high temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 66903030; Lawson, John W. 1 Daw, Murray S. 2 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Protection Materials Branch, Mail Stop 234-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631,  3: Entry Systems and Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 110 Issue 8, p083507; Subject Term: CERAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity measurement; Subject Term: PHONONS; Subject Term: MATERIALS at high temperatures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3647754
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
T1  - Corrigendum to “Microstructural characterization of metal foams: An examination of the applicability of the theoretical models for modeling foams” [Mater. Sci. Eng. A 528 (2011) 5289–5295]
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2011/10/15/
VL  - 528
IS  - 27
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 8041
EP  - 8041
SN  - 09215093
N1  - Accession Number: 64483174; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials & Structures Division, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 528 Issue 27, p8041; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2011.02.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemec, J. M.
AU  - Smolec, R.
AU  - Benkő, J. M.
AU  - Moskalik, P.
AU  - Kolenberg, K.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Bryson, S.
AU  - Guggenberger, E.
AU  - Chadid, M.
AU  - Jeon, Y.-B.
AU  - Kunder, A.
AU  - Layden, A. C.
AU  - Kinemuchi, K.
AU  - Kiss, L. L.
AU  - Poretti, E.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Caldwell, D.
AU  - Ripepi, V.
T1  - Fourier analysis of non-Blazhko ab-type RR Lyrae stars observed with the Kepler space telescope.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/10/21/
VL  - 417
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1022
EP  - 1053
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT Nineteen of the ∼40 RR Lyr stars in the Kepler field have been identified as candidate non-Blazhko (or unmodulated) stars. In this paper we present the results of Fourier decomposition of the time-series photometry of these stars acquired during the first 417 d of operation (Q0-Q5) of the Kepler telescope. Fourier parameters based on ∼18 400 long-cadence observations per star (and ∼150 000 short-cadence observations for FN Lyr and for AW Dra) are derived. None of the stars shows the recently discovered 'period-doubling' effect seen in Blazhko variables; however, KIC 7021124 has been found to pulsate simultaneously in the fundamental and second overtone modes with a period ratio P2/ P0∼ 0.593 05 and is similar to the double-mode star V350 Lyr. Period change rates are derived from O − C diagrams spanning, in some cases, over 100 years; these are compared with high-precision periods derived from the Kepler data alone. Extant Fourier correlations by Kovács, Jurcsik et al. (with minor transformations from the V to the Kp passband) have been used to derive underlying physical characteristics for all the stars. This procedure seems to be validated through comparisons of the Kepler variables with Galactic and Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) RR Lyr stars. The most metal-poor star in the sample is NR Lyr, with [Fe/H] =−2.3 dex; and the four most metal-rich stars have [Fe/H] ranging from −0.6 to +0.1 dex. Pulsational luminosities and masses are found to be systematically smaller than L and values derived from stellar evolution models, and are favoured over the evolutionary values when periods are computed with the Warsaw linear hydrodynamics code. Finally, the Fourier parameters are compared with theoretical values derived using the Warsaw non-linear convective pulsation code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER analysis
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics)
KW  - TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 66325040; Nemec, J. M. 1,2 Smolec, R. 3 Benkő, J. M. 4 Moskalik, P. 5 Kolenberg, K. 3,6 Szabó, R. 4 Kurtz, D. W. 7 Bryson, S. 8 Guggenberger, E. 3 Chadid, M. 9 Jeon, Y.-B. 10 Kunder, A. 11 Layden, A. C. 12 Kinemuchi, K. 8 Kiss, L. L. 4 Poretti, E. 13 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 14 Kjeldsen, H. 14 Caldwell, D. 15 Ripepi, V. 16; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Camosun College, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5J2, Canada  2: International Statistics & Research Corporation, PO Box 39, Brentwood Bay, British Columbia V8M 1R3, Canada  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  4: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  5: Copernicus Astronomical Center, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland  6: Harvard College Observatory, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  7: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute of Astrophysics, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  8: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis, UMR 6525, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 02, France  10: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Korea  11: Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  12: Physics & Astronomy Department, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA  13: Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate, Italy  14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  15: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94025, USA  16: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 417 Issue 2, p1022; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics); Subject Term: TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19317.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Manney, Gloria L.
AU  - Santee, Michelle L.
AU  - Rex, Markus
AU  - Livesey, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Pitts, Michael C.
AU  - Veefkind, Pepijn
AU  - Nash, Eric R.
AU  - Wohltmann, Ingo
AU  - Lehmann, Ralph
AU  - Froidevaux, Lucien
AU  - Poole, Lamont R.
AU  - Schoeberl, Mark R.
AU  - Haffner, David P.
AU  - Davies, Jonathan
AU  - Dorokhov, Valery
AU  - Gernandt, Hartwig
AU  - Johnson, Bryan
AU  - Kivi, Rigel
AU  - Kyrö, Esko
AU  - Larsen, Niels
T1  - Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2011/10/27/
VL  - 478
IS  - 7370
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
EP  - 475
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Chemical ozone destruction occurs over both polar regions in local winter-spring. In the Antarctic, essentially complete removal of lower-stratospheric ozone currently results in an ozone hole every year, whereas in the Arctic, ozone loss is highly variable and has until now been much more limited. Here we demonstrate that chemical ozone destruction over the Arctic in early 2011 was-for the first time in the observational record-comparable to that in the Antarctic ozone hole. Unusually long-lasting cold conditions in the Arctic lower stratosphere led to persistent enhancement in ozone-destroying forms of chlorine and to unprecedented ozone loss, which exceeded 80 per cent over 18-20 kilometres altitude. Our results show that Arctic ozone holes are possible even with temperatures much milder than those in the Antarctic. We cannot at present predict when such severe Arctic ozone depletion may be matched or exceeded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - OZONE layer depletion
KW  - CHLORINE -- Environmental aspects
KW  - POLAR vortex
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - POLAR regions -- Environmental conditions
KW  - POLAR regions
N1  - Accession Number: 66849446; Manney, Gloria L. 1 Santee, Michelle L. 2 Rex, Markus 3 Livesey, Nathaniel J. 2 Pitts, Michael C. 4 Veefkind, Pepijn 5 Nash, Eric R. 6 Wohltmann, Ingo 3 Lehmann, Ralph 3 Froidevaux, Lucien 2 Poole, Lamont R. 7 Schoeberl, Mark R. 8 Haffner, David P. 6 Davies, Jonathan 9 Dorokhov, Valery 10 Gernandt, Hartwig 3 Johnson, Bryan 11 Kivi, Rigel 12 Kyrö, Esko 12 Larsen, Niels 13; Affiliation:  1: 1] Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA [2] New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  3: Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  5: 1] Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, 3730 AE De Bilt, The Netherlands [2] Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands  6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA  7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA  8: Science and Technology Corporation, Lanham, Maryland 20706, USA  9: Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3H 5T4  10: Central Aerological Observatory, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia  11: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA  12: Arctic Research Center, Finnish Meteorological Institute, 99600 Sodankylä, Finland  13: Danish Climate Center, Danish Meteorological Institute, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Source Info: 10/27/2011, Vol. 478 Issue 7370, p469; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: OZONE layer depletion; Subject Term: CHLORINE -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: POLAR vortex; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: POLAR regions -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: POLAR regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature10556
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Inan, Omer T.
AU  - Marcu, Oana
AU  - Sanchez, Max E.
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
AU  - Kovacs, Gregory T.A.
T1  - A portable system for monitoring the behavioral activity of Drosophila
JO  - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
JF  - Journal of Neuroscience Methods
Y1  - 2011/10/30/
VL  - 202
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 52
SN  - 01650270
AB  - Abstract: We describe a low-cost system for monitoring the behavioral activity of the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. The system is readily adaptable to one or more cameras for simultaneous recordings of behavior from different angles and can be used for monitoring multiple individuals in a population at the same time. Signal processing allows discriminating between active and inactive periods during locomotion or flying, and quantification of subtler movements related to changes in position of the wings or legs. The recordings can be taken continuously over long periods of time and can thus provide information about the dynamics of a population. The system was used to monitor responses to caffeine, changes in temperature and g-force, and activity in a variable size population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Neuroscience Methods is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DROSOPHILA melanogaster
KW  - BEHAVIORAL assessment
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - ANIMAL locomotion
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - POPULATION dynamics
KW  - Activity monitor
KW  - Drosophila melanogaster
KW  - Locomotor behavior
KW  - Shaking behavior
N1  - Accession Number: 66398014; Inan, Omer T. 1 Marcu, Oana 2,3 Sanchez, Max E. 4 Bhattacharya, Sharmila 3; Email Address: sharmila.bhattacharya@nasa.gov Kovacs, Gregory T.A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: Lockheed Martin Space Operations, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2011, Vol. 202 Issue 1, p45; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA melanogaster; Subject Term: BEHAVIORAL assessment; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: ANIMAL locomotion; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: POPULATION dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activity monitor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drosophila melanogaster; Author-Supplied Keyword: Locomotor behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shaking behavior; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.08.039
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66398014&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Zhenhong
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Onasch, Timothy B.
AU  - Herndon, Scott C.
AU  - Albo, Simon E.
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Kebabian, Paul L.
AU  - Freedman, Andrew
T1  - Direct Measurement of Aircraft Engine Soot Emissions Using a Cavity-Attenuated Phase Shift (CAPS)-Based Extinction Monitor.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 45
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1319
EP  - 1325
SN  - 02786826
AB  - The optical properties of soot particles in plumes emanating from a high bypass turbofan aircraft engine (V2527) were measured at distances of 40-80 m behind the engine with a cavity-enhanced phase shift (CAPS)-based extinction monitor (known as the CAPS PMex) and a multi-angle absorption photometer, both operating at wavelength ∼630 nm. Integrated plume measurements from the two instruments were highly correlated with each other (r2 > 0.99, N = 12) and with measured carbon dioxide emission concentrations. Ancillary measurements indicated that the soot particle volume-weighted mobility diameter distribution peaked at 60 nm with a full width at half maximum of ∼60 nm. The soot single scattering albedo determined using the absorption and extinction measurements under engine idle conditions was 0.05 ± 0.02 (where the uncertainty represents 2σ precision), in agreement with previous measurements of aircraft exhaust. The engine soot emission index (mass soot per mass fuel burned) for this particular engine, derived from these measurements and a wavelength-specific mass absorption coefficient and the measured in-plume carbon dioxide concentrations, was 225 ± 35 mg kg-1 at engine idle conditions. These results plus more limited data collected from in-use aircraft on the runway indicate that the CAPS extinction monitor can provide (with an appropriate albedo correction) a credible measurement of the engine soot emission index in situations where the time response and sensitivity of particle absorption monitors are not otherwise sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - SOOT
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - PHASE shift (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - UNCERTAINTY
N1  - Accession Number: 62597162; Yu, Zhenhong 1 Ziemba, Luke D. 2 Onasch, Timothy B. 1 Herndon, Scott C. 1 Albo, Simon E. 1 Miake-Lye, Richard 1 Anderson, Bruce E. 2 Kebabian, Paul L. 1 Freedman, Andrew 1; Affiliation:  1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 45 Issue 11, p1319; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: SOOT; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: PHASE shift (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2011.592873
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=62597162&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
AU  - Stokes, Eric J.
AU  - Baker, Eric H.
T1  - Effect of Time at Temperature on the Ply-Normal Modulus of Carbon Phenolic.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2482
EP  - 2490
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The effect of heating rate and time at temperature on the ply-normal tensile modulus of carbon cloth phenolic is investigated. The results of previous experimental studies reveal that slower heating rates and longer times at temperature result in a higher tensile modulus. It is speculated that the heating rate effect is due to a combination of moisture diffusion and the effect of water on the glass transition of the phenolic polymer. An equation is proposed that defines the value of the ply-normal modulus as a function of temperature and moisture content. Numerical solutions for moisture diffusion in the ply-normal tensile specimen are performed, and the equation for the ply-normal modulus is applied to calculate the modulus as a function of temperature and heating rate. The numerical results are successful in simulating the measured effect of heating rate and time at temperature on the ply-normal modulus. The validity of the supposition that the heating rate and time at temperature effect is due to the combination of moisture diffusion and plasticization of the phenolic polymer is demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - HEATING
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - POLYMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 67361092; Sullivan, Roy M. 1 Stokes, Eric J. 2 Baker, Eric H. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 35211  3: Connecticut Reserve Technologies, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p2482; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: POLYMERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/I.J050960
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Afsar, M. Z.
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
AU  - Fagan, A.
T1  - Enthalpy-Flux/Momentum-Flux Coupling in the Acoustic Spectrum of Heated Jets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2522
EP  - 2531
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Exhaust flows from aircraft engines operate at higher temperatures than those of the freestream. Accurate predictions of jet noise in heated flows is therefore of considerable interest. In this paper, a self-consistent jet noise model in heated flows is developed using the generalized acoustic analogy. To begin with, it is demonstrated that the exact acoustic spectrum can be written as the sum of three terms: the momentum-flux autocovariance term, the enthalpy-flux/momentum-flux covariance (or the coupling term), and the enthalpy-flux autocovariance. By extending an axisymmetric turbulence model to heated-jet flows, it is shown that the number of independent components in the acoustic spectrum can be reduced to 11 terms. The paper then focuses on the structure of the coupling term using recent Rayleigh scattering measurements in heated flows taken at NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field. It is shown that the coupling term becomes increasingly important as the acoustic Mach number increases. That is, it can provide either enhancement or cancellation to the acoustic spectrum, depending on the acoustic Mach number and the position of the observation point. This behavior can help explain why heating reduces the overall sound pressure level at all observation angles in supersonic jets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - ACOUSTIC spectroscopy
KW  - JET planes -- Noise
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 67361096; Afsar, M. Z. 1; Email Address: mohammed.afsar@cantab.net Goldstein, M. E. 1 Fagan, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p2522; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC spectroscopy; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: MACH number; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/I.J051076
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67361096&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abazajian, K.N.
AU  - Calabrese, E.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - De Bernardis, F.
AU  - Dodelson, S.
AU  - Friedland, A.
AU  - Fuller, G.M.
AU  - Hannestad, S.
AU  - Keating, B.G.
AU  - Linder, E.V.
AU  - Lunardini, C.
AU  - Melchiorri, A.
AU  - Miquel, R.
AU  - Pierpaoli, E.
AU  - Pritchard, J.
AU  - Serra, P.
AU  - Takada, M.
AU  - Wong, Y.Y.Y.
T1  - Cosmological and astrophysical neutrino mass measurements
JO  - Astroparticle Physics
JF  - Astroparticle Physics
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 35
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 184
SN  - 09276505
AB  - Abstract: Cosmological and astrophysical measurements provide powerful constraints on neutrino masses complementary to those from accelerators and reactors. Here we provide a guide to these different probes, for each explaining its physical basis, underlying assumptions, current and future reach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUTRINO mass
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - PROBES (Electronic instruments)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - Cosmology
KW  - Neutrinos
N1  - Accession Number: 66229480; Abazajian, K.N. 1 Calabrese, E. 2 Cooray, A. 3 De Bernardis, F. 3 Dodelson, S. 4,5,6; Email Address: Dodelson@fnal.gov Friedland, A. 7 Fuller, G.M. 8 Hannestad, S. 9 Keating, B.G. 8 Linder, E.V. 10,11 Lunardini, C. 12 Melchiorri, A. 2 Miquel, R. 13,14 Pierpaoli, E. 15 Pritchard, J. 16 Serra, P. 17 Takada, M. 18 Wong, Y.Y.Y. 19; Affiliation:  1: Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: Physics Department and INFN, Universita’ di Roma “La Sapienza”, P.le Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  4: Center for Particle Astrophysics, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  5: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  6: Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  7: Theoretical Division, T-2, MS B285, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  8: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  10: Berkeley Lab & University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  11: Institute for the Early Universe WCU, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea  12: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, USA  13: Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, E-08010 Barcelona, Spain  14: Institut de Física d’Altes Energies, E-08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain  15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0484, USA  16: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MS-51, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  17: Astrophysics Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  18: Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan  19: Institut für Theoretische Teilchenphysik und Kosmologie, RWTH, Aachen D-52056, Germany; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p177; Subject Term: NEUTRINO mass; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: PROBES (Electronic instruments); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutrinos; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.07.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66229480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alston, E. J.
AU  - Sokolik, I. N.
AU  - Kalashnikova, O. V.
T1  - Characterization of atmospheric aerosol in the US Southeast from ground- and space-based measurements over the past decade.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 7559
EP  - 7595
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study to examine aerosols measured from the ground and space change over a regional scale in the U.S. Analysis from aerosol data from 2000-2009 reveals 50% large concentration in the summer in Atlanta, Georgia. The study uses datasets representing measurements use by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for the dissemination of air quality information.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - SUMMER
KW  - AIR quality -- Government policy
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 71490610; Alston, E. J. 1,2; Email Address: erica.j.alston@nasa.gov Sokolik, I. N. 2 Kalashnikova, O. V. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Source Info: 2011, Vol. 4 Issue 6, p7559; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: SUMMER; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Government policy; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Environmental Protection Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 11 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-4-7559-2011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71490610&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rybin, Alexander
AU  - Chibisova, Marina
AU  - Webley, Peter
AU  - Steensen, Torge
AU  - Izbekov, Pavel
AU  - Neal, Christina
AU  - Realmuto, Vince
T1  - Satellite and ground observations of the June 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano, Matua Island, Central Kuriles.
JO  - Bulletin of Volcanology
JF  - Bulletin of Volcanology
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 73
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1377
EP  - 1392
SN  - 02588900
AB  - After 33 years of repose, one of the most active volcanoes of the Kurile island arc-Sarychev Peak on Matua Island in the Central Kuriles-erupted violently on June 11, 2009. The eruption lasted 9 days and stands among the largest of recent historical eruptions in the Kurile Island chain. Satellite monitoring of the eruption, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Meteorological Agency Multifunctional Transport Satellite, and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data, indicated at least 23 separate explosions between 11 and 16 June 2009. Eruptive clouds reached altitudes of generally 8-16 km above sea level (ASL) and in some cases up to 21 km asl. Clouds of volcanic ash and gas stretched to the north and northwest up to 1,500 km and to the southeast for more than 3,000 km. For the first time in recorded history, ash fall occurred on Sakhalin Island and in the northeast sector of the Khabarovsky Region, Russia. Based on satellite image analysis and reconnaissance field studies in the summer of 2009, the eruption produced explosive tephra deposits with an estimated bulk volume of 0.4 km. The eruption is considered to have a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 4. Because the volcano is remote, there was minimal risk to people or infrastructure on the ground. Aviation transport, however, was significantly disrupted because of the proximity of air routes to the volcano. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of Volcanology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - SULFUR dioxide
KW  - KURIL Islands (Russia)
KW  - MATUA Island (Russia)
KW  - RUSSIA
KW  - Kurile Islands
KW  - Petrology
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Sarychev Peak
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
KW  - SVERT
KW  - Volcanic ash
N1  - Accession Number: 67103645; Rybin, Alexander 1 Chibisova, Marina 1 Webley, Peter; Email Address: pwebley@gi.alaska.edu Steensen, Torge 2 Izbekov, Pavel 2 Neal, Christina 3 Realmuto, Vince 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, Sakhalin Volcanic Eruption Response Team, Nauki Street Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk Russia 693022  2: University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 903 Koyukuk Drive Fairbanks USA 99775-7320  3: US Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory, 4210 University Dr. Anchorage USA 99508-4664  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena USA 91109-8099; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 73 Issue 9, p1377; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide; Subject Term: KURIL Islands (Russia); Subject Term: MATUA Island (Russia); Subject Term: RUSSIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kurile Islands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Petrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sarychev Peak; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfur dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: SVERT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanic ash; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00445-011-0481-0
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67103645&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fletcher, Lauren E.
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - Valdivia-Silva, Julio E.
AU  - Perez-Montaño, Saul
AU  - Condori-Apaza, Renee
AU  - Kovacs, Gregory T.A.
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Determination of low bacterial concentrations in hyperarid Atacama soils: comparison of biochemical and microscopy methods with real-time quantitative PCR.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
JF  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 57
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 953
EP  - 963
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084166
AB  - Hyperarid Atacama soils are reported to contain significantly reduced numbers of microbes per gram of soil relative to soils from other environments. Molecular methods have been used to evaluate microbial populations in hyperarid Atacama soils; however, conflicting results across the various studies, possibly caused by this low number of microorganisms and consequent biomass, suggest that knowledge of expected DNA concentrations in these soils becomes important to interpreting data from any method regarding microbial concentrations and diversity. In this paper we compare the number of bacteria per gram of Atacama Desert soils determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction with the number of bacteria estimated by the standard methods of phospholipids fatty acid analysis, adenine composition (determined by liquid chromatography - time-of-flight mass spectrometry), and SYBR-green microscopy. The number determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction as implemented in this study was several orders of magnitude lower than that determined by the other three methods and probably underestimates the concentrations of soil bacteria, most likely because of soil binding during the DNA extraction methods. However, the other methods very possibly overestimate the bacteria concentrations owing to desiccated, intact organisms, which would stain positive in microscopy and preserve both adenine and phospholipid fatty acid for the other methods. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les sols hyperarides du désert d'Atacama contiennent significativement moins de microbes par gramme de sol comparativement à des sols d'autres environnements. Des méthodes moléculaires ont été utilisées pour évaluer les populations microbiennes des sols hyperarides de l'Atacama; cependant, les résultats contradictoires de différentes études, possiblement à cause du faible nombre de microorganismes et de biomasse résultante, suggèrent qu'il devient important de connaître les concentrations attendues d'ADN dans ces sols afin d'interpréter les données de toute méthode qui vise à évaluer la concentration et la diversité microbiennes. Dans cet article, nous comparons le nombre de bactéries par gramme de sol du désert d'Atacama tel que déterminé par une réaction en chaine par polymérase quantitative en temps réel versus le nombre de bactéries estimé par les méthodes standard d'analyse des acides gras phospholipidiques, de composition en adénine (déterminée par chromatographie liquide - spectrométrie de masse à temps de vo), et de microscopie au SYBR-green. La réaction en chaine par polymérase quantitative en temps réel mise en œuvre dans cette étude était de plusieurs ordres de grandeur inférieure aux trois autres méthodes et sous-estimait probablement les concentrations bactériennes du sol, vraisemblablement à cause de la fixation de sol lors de l'extraction de l'ADN. Toutefois, les autres méthodes surestiment très probablement les concentrations bactériennes à cause de la présence d'organismes intacts desséchés qui pourraient être colorés et apparaître positifs en microscopie et dont les contenus en adénine et en acide gras phospholipidique pourraient être préservés. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Microbiology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - SOIL microbiology
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - ADN du sol
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - désert d'Atacama
KW  - environnement hyperaride
KW  - hyperarid environment
KW  - qPCR en temps réel
KW  - real-time qPCR
KW  - soil DNA
KW  - ADN du sol
KW  - désert d'Atacama
KW  - environnement hyperaride
KW  - qPCR en temps réel
N1  - Accession Number: 71528972; Fletcher, Lauren E. 1,2 Conley, Catharine A. 3 Valdivia-Silva, Julio E. 2 Perez-Montaño, Saul 2,4 Condori-Apaza, Renee 5 Kovacs, Gregory T.A. 6 Glavin, Daniel P. 7 McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Park Road, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.  2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  3: Planetary Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA.  4: San Jose State University, Department of Chemistry, San Jose, CA 95192-0101, USA.  5: Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Perú.  6: Stanford University, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford, CA 94305-9505, USA.  7: Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Code 699 Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 57 Issue 11, p953; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: SOIL microbiology; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Author-Supplied Keyword: ADN du sol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: désert d'Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: environnement hyperaride; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperarid environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: qPCR en temps réel; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time qPCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil DNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: ADN du sol; Author-Supplied Keyword: désert d'Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: environnement hyperaride; Author-Supplied Keyword: qPCR en temps réel; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/w11-091
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71528972&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shukla, Sonali
AU  - Chandler, Mark
AU  - Rind, David
AU  - Sohl, Linda
AU  - Jonas, Jeff
AU  - Lerner, Jean
T1  - Teleconnections in a warmer climate: the pliocene perspective.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 37
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1869
EP  - 1887
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - Migrations toward altered sea surface temperature (SST) patterns in the Indo-Pacific region are present in the recent observational record and in future global warming projections. These SSTs are in the form of 'permanent' El Niño-like (herein termed 'El Padre') and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD)-like patterns. The Early Pliocene Warm Period, which bears similarity to future warming projections, may have also exhibited these Indo-Pacific SST patterns, as suggested by regional terrestrial paleo-climatic data and general circulation model studies. The ability to corroborate this assessment with paleo-data reconstructions is an advantage of the warm Pliocene period that is not afforded by future warming scenarios. Thus, the Pliocene period provides us with a warm-climate perspective and test bed for understanding potential changes to future atmospheric interactions given these altered SST states. This study specifically assesses how atmospheric teleconnections from El Padre/IOD SST patterns are generated and propagate to create the regional climate signals of the Pliocene period, as these signals may be representative of future regional climatic changes as well. To do this, we construct a holistic diagnostic rubric that allows us to examine atmospheric teleconnections, both energetically and dynamically, as produced by a general circulation model. We incorporate KE′, a diagnostic adapted from the eddy kinetic energy generation field, to assess the available energy transferred to these teleconnections. Using this methodology, we found that relative to our Modern Control experiments, weaker atmospheric teleconnections prevail under warm Pliocene conditions, although pathways of propagation still appear directed toward the southwestern United States from our tropical Pacific sector forcing. Propagation directly emanating from the Indian Ocean forcing sector appears to be largely blocked, although indirect teleconnective pathways appear traversing the Asian continent toward the North Pacific. The changes in the atmospheric circulation of Indian Ocean region in response to the underlying specified SST forcing (and indicated by Pliocene paleo-data) may have a host of implications for energy transfer out of and into the region, including interactions with the Asian jet stream and changes to the seasonal monsoon cycle. These interactions warrant further study in both past and future warm climate scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELECONNECTIONS (Climatology)
KW  - PLIOCENE paleoclimatology
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - GENERAL circulation model
KW  - EL Nino Current
KW  - INDIAN Ocean
KW  - El Niño
KW  - El Padre
KW  - Indian Ocean dipole
KW  - Pliocene
KW  - Teleconnections
N1  - Accession Number: 66904166; Shukla, Sonali 1; Email Address: sps2113@columbia.edu Chandler, Mark 2 Rind, David 3 Sohl, Linda 2 Jonas, Jeff 2 Lerner, Jean 2; Affiliation:  1: Deptartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences and the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, Columbia University, New York USA  2: Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York USA  3: Goddard Institute for Space Studies, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, New York USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 37 Issue 9/10, p1869; Subject Term: TELECONNECTIONS (Climatology); Subject Term: PLIOCENE paleoclimatology; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: GENERAL circulation model; Subject Term: EL Nino Current; Subject Term: INDIAN Ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niño; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Padre; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indian Ocean dipole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pliocene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Teleconnections; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 13 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-010-0976-y
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66904166&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dotson, K.T.
AU  - Sunderland, P.B.
AU  - Yuan, Z.-G.
AU  - Urban, D.L.
T1  - Laminar smoke points of coflowing flames in microgravity
JO  - Fire Safety Journal
JF  - Fire Safety Journal
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 46
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 550
EP  - 555
SN  - 03797112
AB  - Abstract: Laminar smoke points were measured in nonbuoyant laminar jet diffusion flames in coflowing air. Microgravity was obtained on board the International Space Station. A total of 55 smoke points were found for ethylene, propane, propylene, and propylene/nitrogen mixtures. Burner diameters were 0.41, 0.76, and 1.6mm, and coflow velocities varied from 5.4 to 65cm/s. These flames allow extensive control over residence time via variations in dilution, burner diameter, and coflow velocity. The measured smoke-point lengths scaled with d −0.91 u  air 0.41, where d is burner diameter and u  air  is coflow velocity. The measurements yielded estimates of sooting propensities of the present fuels in microgravity diffusion flames. Analytical models of residence times in gas jet flames are presented, and although residence time helps explain many of the observed trends it does not correlate the measured smoke points. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - FLAME
KW  - SMOKE
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - MIXTURES
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Laminar gas jet diffusion flames
KW  - Residence time
KW  - Soot
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 66405174; Dotson, K.T. 1 Sunderland, P.B. 1; Email Address: pbs@umd.edu Yuan, Z.-G. 2 Urban, D.L. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Maryland, Department of Fire Protection Engineering, 3104 J.M. Patterson Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 46 Issue 8, p550; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: SMOKE; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar gas jet diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residence time; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.08.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66405174&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
AU  - Halekas, J.S.
AU  - Stubbs, T.J.
AU  - Delory, G.T.
AU  - Killen, R.M.
AU  - Hartle, R.E.
AU  - Collier, M.R.
T1  - Regarding the possible generation of a lunar nightside exo-ionosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 216
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 172
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The non-condensing neutral helium exosphere is at its most concentrated levels on the cold lunar nightside. We show herein that these He atoms are susceptible to impact ionization from primary and secondary electrons flowing in the vicinity of the negatively-charged nightside lunar surface. The secondary electron beams are a relatively recent discovery and are found to be emitted from the nightside surface at energies consistent with the negative surface potential. The effect is to create an electron impact-created ionosphere in nightside regions, possibly especially potent within polar craters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONOSPHERE
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - ELECTRON impact ionization
KW  - ELECTRON beams
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Ionospheres
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 66746032; Farrell, W.M. 1,2; Email Address: william.m.farrell@nasa.gov Halekas, J.S. 2,3 Stubbs, T.J. 1,2,4 Delory, G.T. 2,3 Killen, R.M. 1,2 Hartle, R.E. 1,3 Collier, M.R. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 695, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  2: NASA’s Lunar Science Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Space Science Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, 7 Gauss Way, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States  4: University of Maryland/Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 216 Issue 1, p169; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: ELECTRON impact ionization; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.08.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66746032&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baillié, Kévin
AU  - Colwell, Joshua E.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Esposito, Larry W.
AU  - Sremčević, Miodrag
T1  - Waves in Cassini UVIS stellar occultations: 2. The C ring
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 216
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 308
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We performed a complete wavelet analysis of Saturn’s C ring on 62 stellar occultation profiles.These profiles were obtained by Cassini’s Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph High Speed Photometer.We used a WWZ wavelet power transform to analyze them.With a co-adding process, we found evidence of 40 wavelike structures, 18 of which are reported here for the first time.Seventeen of these appear to be propagating waves (wavelength changing systematically with distance from Saturn).The longest new wavetrain in the C ring is a 52-km-long wave in a plateau at 86,397km.We produced a complete map of resonances with external satellites and possible structures rotating with Saturn’s rotation period up to the eighth order, allowing us to associate a previously observed wave with the Atlas 2:1 inner Lindblad resonance (ILR) and newly detected waves with the Mimas 6:2 ILR and the Pandora 4:2 ILR.We derived surface mass densities and mass extinction coefficients, finding σ =0.22(±0.03)gcm−2 for the Atlas 2:1 ILR, σ =1.31(±0.20)gcm−2 for the Mimas 6:2 ILR, and σ =1.42(±0.21)gcm−2 for the Pandora 4:2 ILR.We determined a range of mass extinction coefficients (κ = τ/σ) for the waves associated with resonances with κ =0.13 (±0.03) to 0.28(±0.06)cm2 g−1, where τ is the optical depth.These values are higher than the reported values for the A ring (0.01–0.02cm2 g−1) and the Cassini Division (0.07–0.12cm2 g−1 from Colwell et al.(Colwell, J.E., Cooney, J.H., Esposito, L.W., Sremčević, M. [2009].Icarus 200, 574–580)).We also note that the mass extinction coefficient is probably not constant across the C ring (in contrast to the A ring and the Cassini Division): it is systematically higher in the plateaus than elsewhere, suggesting smaller particles in the plateaus.We present the results of our analysis of these waves in the C ring and estimate the mass of the C ring to be between3.7(±0.9)×1016 kg and 7.9(±2.0)×1016 kg (equivalent to an icy satellite of radius between 28.0(±2.3)km and 36.2(±3.0)km with a density of 400kgm−3, close to that of Pan or Atlas). Using the ring viscosity derived from the wave damping length, we also estimate the vertical thickness of the C ring between 1.9(±0.4)m and 5.6(±1.4)m, comparable to the vertical thickness of the Cassini Division. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Saturn, Rings
N1  - Accession Number: 66746043; Baillié, Kévin 1; Email Address: kevin.baillie@univ-paris-diderot.fr Colwell, Joshua E. 1 Lissauer, Jack J. 2 Esposito, Larry W. 3 Sremčević, Miodrag 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816-2385, USA  2: Space Sciences & Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0392, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 216 Issue 1, p292; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Rings; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.05.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66746043&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Sun-Mack, Szedung
AU  - Young, David F.
AU  - Heck, Patrick W.
AU  - Garber, Donald P.
AU  - Chen, Yan
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Arduini, Robert F.
AU  - Trepte, Qing Z.
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
AU  - Gibson, Sharon C.
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Hong, Gang
AU  - Chakrapani, Venkatesan
AU  - Takano, Yoshihide
AU  - Liou, Kuo-Nan
AU  - Xie, Yu
AU  - Yang, Ping
T1  - CERES Edition-2 Cloud Property Retrievals Using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS Data—Part I: Algorithms.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/11//Nov2011 Part 2 Part 2
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4374
EP  - 4400
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Project was designed to improve our understanding of the relationship between clouds and solar and longwave radiation. This is achieved using satellite broad-band instruments to map the top-of-atmosphere radiation fields with coincident data from satellite narrow-band imagers employed to retrieve the properties of clouds associated with those fields. This paper documents the CERES Edition-2 cloud property retrieval system used to analyze data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Visible and Infrared Scanner and by the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer instruments on board the Terra and Aqua satellites covering the period 1998 through 2007. Two daytime retrieval methods are explained: the Visible Infrared Shortwave-infrared Split-window Technique for snow-free surfaces and the Shortwave-infrared Infrared Near-infrared Technique for snow or ice-covered surfaces. The Shortwave-infrared Infrared Split-window Technique is used for all surfaces at night. These methods, along with the ancillary data and empirical parameterizations of cloud thickness, are used to derive cloud boundaries, phase, optical depth, effective particle size, and condensed/frozen water path at both pixel and CERES footprint levels. Additional information is presented, detailing the potential effects of satellite calibration differences, highlighting methods to compensate for spectral differences and correct for atmospheric absorption and emissivity, and discussing known errors in the code. Because a consistent set of algorithms, auxiliary input, and calibrations across platforms are used, instrument and algorithm-induced changes in the data record are minimized. This facilitates the use of the CERES data products for studying climate-scale trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Climate
KW  - cloud
KW  - cloud remote sensing
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
KW  - Land surface
KW  - MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - Pixel
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Sea surface
KW  - Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS)
N1  - Accession Number: 66906191; Minnis, Patrick 1 Sun-Mack, Szedung 2 Young, David F. 1 Heck, Patrick W. 3 Garber, Donald P. 1 Chen, Yan 2 Spangenberg, Douglas A. 2 Arduini, Robert F. 2 Trepte, Qing Z. 2 Smith, William L. 4 Ayers, J. Kirk 2 Gibson, Sharon C. 2 Miller, Walter F. 2 Hong, Gang 2 Chakrapani, Venkatesan 2 Takano, Yoshihide 5 Liou, Kuo-Nan 6 Xie, Yu 7 Yang, Ping 7; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center , Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA  4: Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  5: Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering and the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA  6: Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering and the Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA , USA  7: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station , TX, USA; Source Info: Nov2011 Part 2 Part 2, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p4374; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pixel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS); Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2144601
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66906191&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Sun-Mack, Szedung
AU  - Chen, Yan
AU  - Khaiyer, Mandana M.
AU  - Yi, Yuhong
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
AU  - Brown, Ricky R.
AU  - Dong, Xiquan
AU  - Gibson, Sharon C.
AU  - Heck, Patrick W.
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Nordeen, Michele L.
AU  - Nguyen, Louis
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Trepte, Qing Z.
AU  - Xi, Baike
T1  - CERES Edition-2 Cloud Property Retrievals Using TRMM VIRS and Terra and Aqua MODIS Data—Part II: Examples of Average Results and Comparisons With Other Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2011/11//Nov2011 Part 2 Part 2
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4401
EP  - 4430
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Cloud properties were retrieved by applying the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project Edition-2 algorithms to 3.5 years of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Visible and Infrared Scanner data and 5.5 and 8 years of MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data from Aqua and Terra, respectively. The cloud products are consistent quantitatively from all three imagers; the greatest discrepancies occur over ice-covered surfaces. The retrieved cloud cover (\sim59%) is divided equally between liquid and ice clouds. Global mean cloud effective heights, optical depth, effective particle sizes, and water paths are 2.5 km, 9.9, 12.9 \mu\m, and 80 \g\cdot \m^-2, respectively, for liquid clouds and 8.3 km, 12.7, 52.2 \mu\m, and 230 \g\cdot \m^-2 for ice clouds. Cloud droplet effective radius is greater over ocean than land and has a pronounced seasonal cycle over southern oceans. Comparisons with independent measurements from surface sites, the Ice Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite, and the Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–Earth Observing System are used to evaluate the results. The mean CERES and MODIS Atmosphere Science Team cloud properties have many similarities but exhibit large discrepancies in certain parameters due to differences in the algorithms and the number of unretrieved cloud pixels. Problem areas in the CERES algorithms are identified and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - CLOUD computing
KW  - INFORMATION retrieval
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Climate
KW  - cloud
KW  - cloud remote sensing
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
KW  - Ice
KW  - Integrated optics
KW  - Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Pixel
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS)
N1  - Accession Number: 66906192; Minnis, Patrick 1 Sun-Mack, Szedung 2 Chen, Yan 2 Khaiyer, Mandana M. 2 Yi, Yuhong 2 Ayers, J. Kirk 2 Brown, Ricky R. 2 Dong, Xiquan 3 Gibson, Sharon C. 2 Heck, Patrick W. 4 Lin, Bing 5 Nordeen, Michele L. 2 Nguyen, Louis 1 Palikonda, Rabindra 2 Smith, William L. 1 Spangenberg, Douglas A. 2 Trepte, Qing Z. 2 Xi, Baike 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, The University of North Dakota, Grand Forks , ND, USA  4: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison , Madison, WI, USA  5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA , USA; Source Info: Nov2011 Part 2 Part 2, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p4401; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: CLOUD computing; Subject Term: INFORMATION retrieval; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pixel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS); NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2011.2144602
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66906192&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin, Rodney A.
T1  - Errata for “A State-Space Approach to Optimal Level-Crossing Prediction for Linear Gaussian Processes”.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 57
IS  - 11
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 7658
EP  - 7658
SN  - 00189448
AB  - Several corrections to the article "A State-Space Approach to Optimal Level-Crossing Prediction for Linear Gaussian Process" in the previous issue is presented.
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - PERIODICALS -- Articles
KW  - PUBLICATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 67194850; Martin, Rodney A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Intelligent Systems Division and the Intelligent Data Understanding Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 57 Issue 11, p7658; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: PERIODICALS -- Articles; Subject Term: PUBLICATIONS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1109/TIT.2011.2160614
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67194850&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Chenxi
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - Heidinger, Andrew K.
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Holz, Robert E.
T1  - Retrieval of Ice Cloud Optical Thickness and Effective Particle Size Using a Fast Infrared Radiative Transfer Model.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2283
EP  - 2297
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - A computationally efficient radiative transfer model (RTM) is developed for the inference of ice cloud optical thickness and effective particle size from satellite-based infrared (IR) measurements and is aimed at potential use in operational cloud-property retrievals from multispectral satellite imagery. The RTM employs precomputed lookup tables to simulate the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) radiances (or brightness temperatures) at 8.5-, 11-, and 12- μm bands. For the clear-sky atmosphere, the optical thickness of each atmospheric layer resulting from gaseous absorption is derived from the correlated- k-distribution method. The cloud reflectance, transmittance, emissivity, and effective temperature are precomputed using the Discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer model (DISORT). For an atmosphere containing a semitransparent ice cloud layer with a visible optical thickness τ smaller than 5, the TOA brightness temperature differences (BTDs) between the fast model and the more rigorous DISORT results are less than 0.1 K, whereas the BTDs are less than 0.01 K if τ is larger than 10. With the proposed RTM, the cloud optical and microphysical properties are retrieved from collocated observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) in conjunction with the Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data. Comparisons between the retrieved ice cloud properties (optical thickness and effective particle size) based on the present IR fast model and those from the Aqua/MODIS operational collection-5 cloud products indicate that the IR retrievals are smaller. A comparison between the IR-retrieved ice water path (IWP) and CALIOP-retrieved IWP shows robust agreement over most of the IWP range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - EMISSIVITY
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Cloud retrieval
N1  - Accession Number: 67291918; Wang, Chenxi 1 Yang, Ping 1 Baum, Bryan A. 2 Platnick, Steven 3 Heidinger, Andrew K. 4 Hu, Yongxiang 5 Holz, Robert E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  2: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  4: NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, Wisconsin  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p2283; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud retrieval; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-067.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67291918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, Sean A.
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Renormalization, resonance bifurcation, and phase contrast in dynamic atomic force microscopy.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 110
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 094314
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Renormalization of the model describing dynamic atomic force microscopy is shown to provide a simple and robust interpretation of cantilever dynamics as a single spring and mass with frequency-dependent cantilever stiffness and damping parameters. Renormalization predicts a bifurcation in the free-space cantilever resonance that leads to the occurrence of multiple stable resonance modes experimentally observed during cantilever-sample 'contact.' The bifurcation results from the coupling of the cantilever modes via the nonlinearity of the tip-sample interaction force and the running of the cantilever parameters with frequency. The effective interaction force is represented by a polynomial expansion with coefficients Fij (i,j = 0, 1, 2, ...) that account for cantilever-to-sample energy transfer in a single system model. The effective cantilever spring constant obtained from F10 and the interaction force energy transfer factor obtained from F01 are used to show that phase contrast in the linear regime of operation can be expressed in terms of conservative or dissipative force parameters alone when operating in constant amplitude control near the free-space resonance frequency of the cantilever. The model predicts that dissipative force parameters dominate phase contrast at low drive frequencies, while conservative force parameters dominate phase contrast at sufficiently high drive frequencies for appropriate values of F10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIFURCATION theory
KW  - RENORMALIZATION (Physics)
KW  - CANTILEVERS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
N1  - Accession Number: 67225616; Cantrell, Sean A. 1 Cantrell, John H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA and Nanosonix, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, Illinois 60077,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 110 Issue 9, p094314; Subject Term: BIFURCATION theory; Subject Term: RENORMALIZATION (Physics); Subject Term: CANTILEVERS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3660745
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robert F.  Handschuh
AU  - Andrew J.  Zakrajsek
T1  - High-Pressure Angle Gears: Comparison to Typical Gear Designs.
JO  - Journal of Mechanical Design
JF  - Journal of Mechanical Design
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 133
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 114501
EP  - 114501-6
SN  - 10500472
AB  - A preliminary study has been completed to determine the feasibility of using high-pressure angle gears in aeronautic and space applications. Tests were conducted in the NASA GRC Spur Gear Test Facility at speeds up to 10,000 rpm and 73 N m (648 in. lb) for 3.18, 2.12, and 1.59 module gears (8, 12, and 16 diametral pitch gears), all designed to operate in the same test facility. The 3.18 module (8-diametral pitch), 28 tooth, 20 deg pressure angle gears are the NASA GRC baseline test specimen. Also, 2.12 module (12-diametral pitch), 42 tooth, 25 deg pressure angle gears were tested. Finally, 1.59 module (16-diametral pitch), 56 tooth, 35 deg pressure angle gears were tested. The high-pressure angle gears were the most efficient when operated in the high-speed aerospace mode (10,000 rpm, lubricated with a synthetic turbine engine oil) and produced the lowest wear rates when tested with a perfluoroether-based grease. The grease tests were conducted at 150 rpm and 71 N m (630 in. lb). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Mechanical Design is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEARING
KW  - HIGH pressure (Science)
KW  - LUBRICATION & lubricants
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - TESTING
KW  - MECHANICAL wear
KW  - DESIGN & construction
N1  - Accession Number: 67367074; Robert F.  Handschuh 1 Andrew J.  Zakrajsek 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 133 Issue 11, p114501; Subject Term: GEARING; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Science); Subject Term: LUBRICATION & lubricants; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: TESTING; Subject Term: MECHANICAL wear; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333612 Speed Changer, Industrial High-Speed Drive, and Gear Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodard, Stanley E.
AU  - Taylor, Bryant D.
AU  - Jones, Thomas W.
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
AU  - Lyons, Frankel
AU  - Henderson, Donald J.
T1  - Method to Have Multilayer Thermal Insulation Provide Damage Detection.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/11//Nov/Dec2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 920
EP  - 930
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Spacecraft multilayer thermal insulation here to date has been used to reduce thermal radiation heat losses. Each layer is a thin layer of material, such as Mylar, coated with a reflective and electrically conductive material like aluminum. A method to create a wireless damage-detection array using the insulation has been developed. One layer of the insulation is designed as an array of passive open-circuit electrically conductive and reflective spiral patterns that are capable of storing electrical and magnetic energy when powered via an external oscillating magnetic field supplied by an antenna. Once electrically active, each pattern produces a harmonic magnetic field. No electrical connections are used between the patterns, on the patterns or to the patterns thereby allowing each pattern to be independent and also eliminating one cause of failure to circuits. The responding field frequency changes if any pattern is damaged. The spiral-pattern design provides sufficient area coverage for thermal insulation. Other insulation layers are designed to allow the responding magnetic fields to permeate the insulation layers. Arrays have been tested using hypervelocity impact projectiles of 1-3.6 mm diameter with speeds ranging from 6.7-7.1 km/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - HEATING
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 69834175; Woodard, Stanley E. 1 Taylor, Bryant D. 2; Email Address: b.d.taylor@larc.nasa.gov Jones, Thomas W. 1; Email Address: w.jones@larc.nasa.gov Shams, Qamar A. 1; Email Address: a.shams@larc.nasa.gov Lyons, Frankel 3; Email Address: frankcl.lyons-1@nasa.gov Henderson, Donald J. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Swales Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: ESCG/Hamilmn Sundstrand, Houston, Texas 77058  4: NASA White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88012; Source Info: Nov/Dec2011, Vol. 48 Issue 6, p920; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.44400
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69834175&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osipov, Viatcheslav V.
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Muratov, Cyrill B.
AU  - Foygel, Michael
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
AU  - Watson, Michael D.
T1  - Dynamical Model of Rocket Propellant Loading with Liquid Hydrogen.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2011/11//Nov/Dec2011
VL  - 48
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 987
EP  - 998
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A dynamical model describing the multistage process of rocket propellant loading has been developed. It accounts for both the nominal and faulty regimes of cryogenic fuel loading when liquid hydrogen is moved from a storage tank to an external tank via a transfer line. By employing basic conservation laws, the reduced lumped-parameter model takes into consideration the major multiphase mass and energy exchange processes involved, such as highly nonequilibrium condensation-evaporation of hydrogen, pressurization of the tanks, and liquid hydrogen and hydrogen vapor flows in the presence of pressurizing helium gas. A self-consistent theory of dynamical condensation-evaporation has been developed that incorporates heat flow by both conduction and convection through the liquid/vapor interface inside the tanks. A simulation has been developed in MATLAB for a generic refueling system that involves the solution of a system of ordinary integro-differential equations. The results of these simulations are in good agreement with space shuttle refueling data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Fuel
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 69834180; Osipov, Viatcheslav V. 1 Daigle, Matthew J. 2 Muratov, Cyrill B. 3 Foygel, Michael 4 Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. 5 Watson, Michael D. 6; Affiliation:  1: MCT, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035  2: University of California, Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102  4: SGT, Inc., Newark, New Jersey 07102  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  6: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35805; Source Info: Nov/Dec2011, Vol. 48 Issue 6, p987; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Fuel; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.52587
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halekas, J.S.
AU  - Saito, Y.
AU  - Delory, G.T.
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
T1  - New views of the lunar plasma environment
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1681
EP  - 1694
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: A rich set of new measurements has greatly expanded our understanding of the Moon–plasma interaction over the last sixteen years, and helped demonstrate the fundamentally kinetic nature of many aspects thereof. Photon and charged particle impacts act to charge the lunar surface, forming thin Debye-scale plasma sheaths above both sunlit and shadowed hemispheres. These impacts also produce photoelectrons and secondary electrons from the surface, as well as ions from the surface and exosphere, all of which in turn feed back into the plasma environment. The solar wind interacts with sub-ion-inertial-scale crustal magnetic fields to form what may be the smallest magnetospheres in the solar system. Proton gyro-motion, solar wind pickup of protons scattered from the dayside surface, and plasma expansion into vacuum each affect the dynamics and structure of different portions of the lunar plasma wake. The Moon provides us with a basic plasma physics laboratory for the study of fundamental processes, some of which we cannot easily observe elsewhere. At the same time, the Moon provides us with a test bed for the study of processes that also operate at many other solar system bodies. We have learned much about the Moon–plasma interaction, with implications for other space and planetary environments. However, many fundamental problems remain unsolved, including the details of the coupling between various parts of the plasma environment, as well as between plasma and the surface, neutral exosphere, and dust. In this paper, we describe our current understanding of the lunar plasma environment, including illustrative new results from Lunar Prospector and Kaguya, and outstanding unsolved problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ELECTRON scattering
KW  - EXOSPHERE
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Moon
KW  - Plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 66408159; Halekas, J.S. 1,2; Email Address: jazzman@ssl.berkeley.edu Saito, Y. 3 Delory, G.T. 1,2 Farrell, W.M. 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: NASA’s Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1681; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELECTRON scattering; Subject Term: EXOSPHERE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Glenar, David A.
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
AU  - McCoy, James E.
AU  - Vondrak, Richard R.
T1  - A reanalysis of the Apollo light scattering observations, and implications for lunar exospheric dust
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1695
EP  - 1707
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Conspicuous excess brightness, exceeding that expected from coronal and zodiacal light (CZL), was observed above the lunar horizon in the Apollo 15 coronal photographic sequence acquired immediately after orbital sunset (surface sunrise). This excess brightness systematically faded as the Command Module moved farther into shadow, eventually becoming indistinguishable from the CZL background. These observations have previously been attributed to scattering by ultrafine dust grains (radius ∼0.1 microns) in the lunar exosphere, and used to obtain coarse estimates of dust concentration at several altitudes and an order-of-magnitude estimate of ∼10−9 gcm−2 for the column mass of dust near the terminator, collectively referred to as model “0”. We have reanalyzed the Apollo 15 orbital sunset sequence by incorporating the known sightline geometries in a Mie-scattering simulation code, and then inverting the measured intensities to retrieve exospheric dust concentration as a function of altitude and distance from the terminator. Results are presented in terms of monodisperse (single grain size) dust distributions. For a grain radius of 0.10 microns, our retrieved dust concentration near the terminator (∼0.010cm−3) is in agreement with model “0” at z=10km, as is the dust column mass (∼3–6×10−10 gcm−2), but the present results indicate generally larger dust scale heights, and much lower concentrations near 1km (<0.08cm−3 vs. a few times 0.1cm−3 for model “0"). The concentration of dust at high altitudes (z>50km) is virtually unconstrained by the measurements. The dust exosphere extends into shadow a distance somewhere between 100 and 200km from the terminator, depending on the uncertain contribution of CZL to the total brightness. These refined estimates of the distribution and concentration of exospheric dust above the lunar sunrise terminator should place new and more rigorous constraints on exospheric dust transport models, as well as provide valuable support for upcoming missions such as the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - EXOSPHERE
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MIE scattering
KW  - Horizon glow
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Lunar exosphere
KW  - Moon
KW  - Optical scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 66408164; Glenar, David A. 1,2; Email Address: dglenar@nmsu.edu Stubbs, Timothy J. 2,3,4 McCoy, James E. 5 Vondrak, Richard R. 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Department. of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1695; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: EXOSPHERE; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MIE scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horizon glow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical scattering; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Collier, Michael R.
AU  - Kent Hills, H.
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
AU  - Halekas, Jasper S.
AU  - Delory, Gregory T.
AU  - Espley, Jared
AU  - Farrell, William M.
AU  - Freeman, John W.
AU  - Vondrak, Richard
T1  - Lunar surface electric potential changes associated with traversals through the Earth's foreshock
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1727
EP  - 1743
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We report an analysis of one year of Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) Total Ion Detector (TID) “resonance” events observed between January 1972 and January 1973. The study includes only those events during which upstream solar wind conditions were readily available. The analysis shows that these events are associated with lunar traversals through the dawn flank of the terrestrial magnetospheric bow shock. We propose that the events result from an increase in lunar surface electric potential effected by secondary electron emission due to primary electrons in the Earth''s foreshock region (although primary ions may play a role as well). This work establishes (1) the lunar surface potential changes as the Moon moves through the terrestrial bow shock, (2) the lunar surface achieves potentials in the upstream foreshock region that differ from those in the downstream magnetosheath region, (3) these differences can be explained by the presence of energetic electron beams in the upstream foreshock region and (4) if this explanation is correct, the location of the Moon with respect to the terrestrial bow shock influences lunar surface potential. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - NUCLEAR counters
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - ELECTRON emission
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - ELECTRON beams
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Bow shock
KW  - Foreshock
KW  - Lunar surface potential
KW  - Moon
KW  - Secondary electron emission
N1  - Accession Number: 66408174; Collier, Michael R. 1,2; Email Address: michael.r.collier@nasa.gov Kent Hills, H. 1,3 Stubbs, Timothy J. 1,2,4 Halekas, Jasper S. 2,5 Delory, Gregory T. 2,5 Espley, Jared 1 Farrell, William M. 1,2 Freeman, John W. 6 Vondrak, Richard 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  2: NASA's Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Adnet Systems, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA  4: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, USA  5: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1727; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: NUCLEAR counters; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: ELECTRON emission; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bow shock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foreshock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar surface potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Secondary electron emission; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.12.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marshall, J.
AU  - Richard, D.
AU  - Davis, S.
T1  - Electrical stress and strain in lunar regolith simulants
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1744
EP  - 1748
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Experiments to entrain dust with electrostatic and fluid-dynamic forces result in particulate clouds of aggregates rather than individual dust grains. This is explained within the framework of Griffith-flaw theory regarding the comminution/breakage of weak solids. Physical and electrical inhomogeneities in powders are equivalent to microcracks in solids insofar as they facilitate failure at stress risers. Electrical charging of powders induces bulk sample stresses similar to mechanical stresses experienced by strong solids, depending on the nature of the charging. A powder mass therefore “breaks” into clumps rather than separating into individual dust particles. This contrasts with the expectation that electrical forces on the Moon will eject a submicron population of dust from the regolith into the exosphere. A lunar regolith will contain physical and electrostatic inhomogeneities similar to those in most charged powders. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - Dust
KW  - Electrical stress
KW  - Electrostatics
KW  - Griffith flaws
KW  - Moon
KW  - Powders
N1  - Accession Number: 66408184; Marshall, J. 1; Email Address: jmarshall@seti.org Richard, D. 2; Email Address: denis.thomas.richard@nasa.gov Davis, S. 3; Email Address: sanford.s.davis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 North Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: San Jose State University Research Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1744; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Griffith flaws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Powders; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.11.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kobrick, Ryan L.
AU  - Klaus, David M.
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
T1  - Defining an abrasion index for lunar surface systems as a function of dust interaction modes and variable concentration zones
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1749
EP  - 1757
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Unexpected issues were encountered during the Apollo era of lunar exploration due to detrimental abrasion of materials upon exposure to the fine-grained, irregular shaped dust on the surface of the Moon. For critical design features involving contact with the lunar surface and for astronaut safety concerns, operational concepts and dust tolerance must be considered in the early phases of mission planning. To systematically define material selection criteria, dust interaction can be characterized by two-body or three-body abrasion testing, and sub-categorically by physical interactions of compression, rolling, sliding, and bending representing specific applications within the system. Two-body abrasion occurs when a single particle or asperity slides across a given surface removing or displacing material. Three-body abrasion occurs when multiple particles interact with a solid surface, or in between two surfaces, allowing the abrasives to freely rotate and interact with the material(s), leading to removal or displacement of mass. Different modes of interaction are described in this paper along with corresponding types of tests that can be utilized to evaluate each configuration. In addition to differential modes of abrasion, variable concentrations of dust in different zones can also be considered for a given system design and operational protocol. These zones include (1) outside the habitat where extensive dust exposure occurs, (2) in a transitional zone such as an airlock or suitport, and (3) inside the habitat or spacesuit with a low particle count. These zones can be used to help define dust interaction frequencies, and corresponding risks to the systems and/or crew can be addressed by appropriate mitigation strategies. An abrasion index is introduced that includes the level of risk, R, the hardness of the mineralogy, H, the severity of the abrasion mode, S, and the frequency of particle interactions, F. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABRASION resistance
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - MOON
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - ASTM International, formerly American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM )
KW  - Dust Management Project ( DMP )
KW  - Extravehicular Activity ( EVA )
KW  - Extravehicular Activity Systems ( EVAS )
KW  - Glenn Research Center ( GRC )
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA )
KW  - surface roughness ( Ra )
KW  - Surface systems
KW  - Three-body abrasion
KW  - Two-body abrasion
KW  - United States Geological Survey ( USGS )
KW  - University of Colorado at Boulder ( UCB )
KW  - Zeroline ( ZL )
KW  - Zone of Interaction ( ZOI )
KW  - Exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 66408189; Kobrick, Ryan L. 1; Email Address: Kobrick@Colorado.edu Klaus, David M. 1; Email Address: Klaus@Colorado.edu Street, Kenneth W. 2; Email Address: Kenneth.W.Street@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado at Boulder, 429 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 23-2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1749; Subject Term: ABRASION resistance; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: ASTM International, formerly American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust Management Project ( DMP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extravehicular Activity ( EVA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extravehicular Activity Systems ( EVAS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Glenn Research Center ( GRC ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: surface roughness ( Ra ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three-body abrasion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-body abrasion; Author-Supplied Keyword: United States Geological Survey ( USGS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: University of Colorado at Boulder ( UCB ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Zeroline ( ZL ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Zone of Interaction ( ZOI ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exploration; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2010.10.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pines, Vladimir
AU  - Zlatkowski, Marianna
AU  - Chait, Arnon
T1  - Lofted charged dust distribution above the Moon surface
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1803
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We developed kinetic theory for the charging processes of small dust grains near the lunar surface due to interaction with the anisotropic solar wind plasma. Once charged, these dust grains, which are exposed to the electric field in the sheath region near the lunar surface, could loft and distribute around such heights off the surface where they reach equilibrium with the local gravitational force. Analytical solutions were derived for the charging time, grain floating potential, and grain charge, characterizing the charging processes of small dust grains in a two-component and in a multi-component solar wind plasma, and further highlighting the unique features presented by the high streaming plasma velocity. We have also formulated a novel kinetic theory of sheath formation around an absorbing planar surface immersed in the anisotropic solar wind plasma in the case of a negligible photoelectric effect and presented solutions for the sheath structure. In this study we combined the results from these analyses and provided estimates for the size distribution function of dust that is expected to be lofted in regions dominated by the solar wind plasma, such as near the terminator and in nearby shadowed craters. Corresponding to the two dominant streaming velocity peaks of 300 and 800km/s, mean dust diameters of 500 and 350nm, respectively, are expected to be found at equilibrium at heights of relevance to exploration operations, e.g., around 1.5m height off the lunar surface. In shadowed craters near the terminator region, where isotropic plasma should be dominating, we estimate mean lofted dust diameter of 800nm around the same 1.5m height off the lunar surface. The generally applicable solutions could be used to readily calculate the expected lofted size distribution near the lunar surface as a function of plasma parameters, dust grain composition, and other parameters of interest. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA sheaths
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - KINETIC theory of matter
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Dusty plasma
KW  - Moon environment
KW  - Plasma sheath formation
KW  - Solar wind plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 66408219; Pines, Vladimir; Email Address: vpines@oh.rr.com Zlatkowski, Marianna 1 Chait, Arnon 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1795; Subject Term: PLASMA sheaths; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: KINETIC theory of matter; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dusty plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma sheath formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind plasma; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richard, D.T.
AU  - Glenar, D.A.
AU  - Stubbs, T.J.
AU  - Davis, S.S.
AU  - Colaprete, A.
T1  - Light scattering by complex particles in the Moon's exosphere: Toward a taxonomy of models for the realistic simulation of the scattering behavior of lunar dust
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 59
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1804
EP  - 1814
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: It is suspected that the lunar exosphere has a dusty component dispersed above the surface by various physical mechanisms. Most of the evidence for this phenomenon comes from observations of “lunar horizon glow” (LHG), which is thought to be produced by the scattering of sunlight by this exospheric dust. The characterization of exospheric dust populations at the Moon is key to furthering our understanding of fundamental surface processes, as well as a necessary requirement for the planning of future robotic and human exploration. We present a model to simulate the scattering of sunlight by complex lunar dust grains (i.e. grains that are non-spherical and can be inhomogeneous in composition) to be used in the interpretation of remote sensing data from current and future lunar missions. We numerically model lunar dust grains with several different morphologies and compositions and compute their individual scattering signatures using the Discrete Dipole Approximation (DDA). These scattering properties are then used in a radiative transfer code to simulate the light scattering due to a dust size distribution, as would likely be observed in the lunar exosphere at high altitudes 10''s of km. We demonstrate the usefulness and relevance of our model by examining mode: irregular grains, aggregate of spherical monomers and spherical grains with nano-phase iron inclusions. We subsequently simulate the scattering by two grain size distributions ( and radius), and show the results normalized per-grain. A similar methodology can also be applied to the analysis of the LHG observations, which are believed to be produced by scattering from larger dust grains within about a meter of the surface. As expected, significant differences in scattering properties are shown between the analyses employing the widely used Mie theory and our more realistic grain geometries. These differences include large variations in intensity as well as a positive polarization of scattered sunlight caused by non-spherical grains. Positive polarization occurs even when the grain size is small compared to the wavelength of incident sunlight, thus confirming that the interpretation of LHG based on Mie theory could lead to large errors in estimating the distribution and abundances of exospheric dust. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - EXOSPHERE
KW  - TAXONOMY
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - SUNSHINE
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - Dust
KW  - Moon
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 66408224; Richard, D.T. 1,2,3; Email Address: denis.thomas.richard@nasa.gov Glenar, D.A. 3,4 Stubbs, T.J. 3,5,6 Davis, S.S. 2,3 Colaprete, A. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: San José State University Research Foundation, San José, California, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Research Park, Moffet Field, California, USA  4: New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA  5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 59 Issue 14, p1804; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: EXOSPHERE; Subject Term: TAXONOMY; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: SUNSHINE; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cui, Hongchang
AU  - Hao, Yueling
AU  - Kovtun, Mikhail
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Deng, Xing-Wang
AU  - Sakakibara, Hitoshi
AU  - Kojima, Mikiko
T1  - Genome-Wide Direct Target Analysis Reveals a Role SHORT-ROOT in Root Vascular Patterning through Cytokinin Homeostasis.
JO  - Plant Physiology
JF  - Plant Physiology
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 157
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1221
EP  - 1231
SN  - 00320889
AB  - SHORT-ROOT (SHR) is a key regulator of root growth and development in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Made in the stele, the SHR protein moves into an adjacent cell layer, where it specifies endodermal cell fate; it is also essential for apical meristem maintenance, ground tissue patterning, vascular differentiation, and lateral root formation. Much has been learned about the mechanism by which SHR controls radial patterning, but how it regulates other aspects of root morphogenesis is still unclear. To dissect the SHR developmental pathway, we have determined the genome-wide locations of SHR direct targets using a chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by microarray analysis method. K-means clustering analysis not only identified additional quiescent center-specific SHR targets but also revealed a direct role for SHR in gene regulation in the pericycle and xylem. Using cell type-specific markers, we showed that in shl, the phloem and the phloem-associated pericycle expanded, whereas the xylem and xylem-associated pericycle diminished. Interestingly, we found that cytokinin level was elevated in shr and that exogenous cytokinin conferred a shr-like vascular patterning phenotype in wild-type root. By chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays, we showed that SHR regulates cytokinin homeostasis by directly controlling the transcription of cytokinin oxidase 3, a cytokinin catabolism enzyme preferentially expressed in the stele. Finally, overexpression of a cytokinin oxidase in shr alleviated its vascular patterning defect. On the basis of these results, we suggest that one mechanism by which SHR controls vascular patterning is the regulation of cytokinin homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant Physiology is the property of American Society of Plant Physiologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROOTS (Botany) -- Growth
KW  - ARABIDOPSIS thaliana
KW  - PROTEINS
KW  - PLANT morphogenesis
KW  - PLANT genomes
KW  - CHROMATIN
KW  - GENETIC regulation in plants
KW  - REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
N1  - Accession Number: 67618682; Cui, Hongchang 1; Email Address: hcui@bio.fsu.edu Hao, Yueling 1 Kovtun, Mikhail 2 Stolc, Viktor 3 Deng, Xing-Wang 4 Sakakibara, Hitoshi 5 Kojima, Mikiko 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295  2: Biology Department and Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy Center for Systems Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708  3: Space Biosciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520  5: RIKEN Plant Science Center, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 157 Issue 3, p1221; Subject Term: ROOTS (Botany) -- Growth; Subject Term: ARABIDOPSIS thaliana; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Subject Term: PLANT morphogenesis; Subject Term: PLANT genomes; Subject Term: CHROMATIN; Subject Term: GENETIC regulation in plants; Subject Term: REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1104/pp.111.183178
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mao, Xianglei
AU  - Bol'shakov, Alexander A.
AU  - Choi, Inhee
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Perry, Dale L.
AU  - Sorkhabi, Osman
AU  - Russo, Richard E.
T1  - Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry: Strontium and its isotopes
JO  - Spectrochimica Acta Part B
JF  - Spectrochimica Acta Part B
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 66
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 767
EP  - 775
SN  - 05848547
AB  - Abstract: The experimental details are reported of Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry (LAMIS) and its application for performing optical isotopic analysis of solid strontium-containing samples in ambient atmospheric air at normal pressure. The LAMIS detection method is described for strontium isotopes from samples of various chemical and isotopic compositions. The results demonstrate spectrally resolved measurements of the three individual 86Sr, 87Sr, and 88Sr isotopes that are quantified using multivariate calibration of spectra. The observed isotopic shifts are consistent with those calculated theoretically. The measured spectra of diatomic oxide and halides of strontium generated in laser ablation plasmas demonstrate the isotopic resolution and capability of LAMIS. In particular, emission spectra of SrO and SrF molecular radicals provided clean and well resolved spectral signatures for the naturally occurring strontium isotopes. A possibility is discussed of using LAMIS of strontium isotopes for radiogenic age determination. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER ablation
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - STRONTIUM isotopes
KW  - CHEMISTRY experiments
KW  - HALIDES
KW  - RADIOACTIVE dating
KW  - LAMIS of strontium
KW  - Laser ablation plasma
KW  - LIBS analysis
KW  - Molecular emission spectrum
KW  - Optical isotopic measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 70908879; Mao, Xianglei 1 Bol'shakov, Alexander A. 2 Choi, Inhee 1 McKay, Christopher P. 3 Perry, Dale L. 1 Sorkhabi, Osman 1 Russo, Richard E. 1,2; Email Address: rerusso@lbl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Applied Spectra, Inc., 46661 Fremont Boulevard, Fremont, CA 94538, USA  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 66 Issue 11/12, p767; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: STRONTIUM isotopes; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY experiments; Subject Term: HALIDES; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE dating; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAMIS of strontium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser ablation plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: LIBS analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular emission spectrum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical isotopic measurement; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sab.2011.12.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HEINTZENBERG, JOST
AU  - HERMANN, MARKUS
AU  - WEIGELT, ANDREAS
AU  - CLARKE, ANTONY
AU  - KAPUSTIN, VLADIMIR
AU  - ANDERSON, BRUCE
AU  - THORNHILL, KENNETH
AU  - VAN VELTHOVEN, PETER
AU  - ZAHN, ANDREAS
AU  - BRENNINKMEIJER, CARL
T1  - Near-global aerosol mapping in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere with data from the CARIBIC project.
JO  - Tellus: Series B
JF  - Tellus: Series B
Y1  - 2011/11//
VL  - 63
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 875
EP  - 890
PB  - Co-Action Publishing
SN  - 02806509
AB  - ABSTRACT This study extrapolates aerosol data of the CARIBIC project from 1997 until June 2008 in along trajectories to compose large-scale maps and vertical profiles of submicrometre particle concentrations in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere (UT/LMS). The extrapolation was validated by comparing extrapolated values with CARIBIC data measured near the respective trajectory position and by comparing extrapolated CARIBIC data to measurements by other experiments near the respective trajectory positions. Best agreement between extrapolated and measured data is achieved with particle lifetimes longer than the maximum length of used trajectories. The derived maps reveal regions of strong and frequent new particle formation, namely the Tropical Central and Western Africa with the adjacent Atlantic, South America, the Caribbean and Southeast Asia. These regions of particle formation coincide with those of frequent deep convective clouds. Vertical particle concentration profiles for the troposphere and the stratosphere confirm statistically previous results indicating frequent new particle formation in the tropopause region. There was no statistically significant increase in Aitken mode particle concentration between the first period of CARIBIC operation, 1997-2002, and the second period, 2004-2009. However, a significant increase in concentration occurred within the latter period when considering it in isolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Tellus: Series B is the property of Co-Action Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - MICROMETERS (Instruments)
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - STATISTICAL significance
N1  - Accession Number: 66674799; HEINTZENBERG, JOST 1 HERMANN, MARKUS 1 WEIGELT, ANDREAS 1 CLARKE, ANTONY 2 KAPUSTIN, VLADIMIR 2 ANDERSON, BRUCE 3 THORNHILL, KENNETH 3 VAN VELTHOVEN, PETER 4 ZAHN, ANDREAS 5 BRENNINKMEIJER, CARL 6; Affiliation:  1: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany  2: University of Hawaii, Department of Oceanography, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), 3730 AE de Bilt, Netherlands  5: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany  6: Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Division, 6500 Mainz, Germany; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 63 Issue 5, p875; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: MICROMETERS (Instruments); Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: STATISTICAL significance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332216 Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332210 Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2011.00578.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gronoff, Guillaume
AU  - Wedlund, Cyril Simon
T1  - Auroral Formation and Plasma Interaction Between Magnetized Objects Simulated With the Planeterrella.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 39
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2712
EP  - 2713
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The Planeterrella is a space plasma simulator, based on Kristian Birkeland's historical experiment, the “Terrella.” This device not only makes it possible to simulate interactions between an electrode and a magnetized sphere in many different geometries but also to simulate interactions between two magnetized spheres. Such configurations allow the visualization of phenomena unknown to Birkeland, such as an emitting body (Io) immersed in a magnetosphere (Jupiter) or the aurora on the night side of a planet where one magnetic pole points toward the Sun (Uranus). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE plasmas
KW  - SPACE simulators
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - MAGNETIC pole
KW  - PLASMA devices
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - GLOW discharges
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - PLANETS -- Ionospheres
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - Electrodes
KW  - Glow discharge devices
KW  - ionosphere
KW  - magnetosphere
KW  - Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy
KW  - planets
KW  - plasma devices
KW  - Plasmas
KW  - Trajectory
N1  - Accession Number: 67086440; Gronoff, Guillaume 1 Wedlund, Cyril Simon 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: BIRA/IASB, Brussels, Belgium; Source Info: Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p2712; Subject Term: SPACE plasmas; Subject Term: SPACE simulators; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: MAGNETIC pole; Subject Term: PLASMA devices; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: GLOW discharges; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Ionospheres; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glow discharge devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trajectory; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2147804
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
T1  - Spectrally and Spatially Resolved Radiance Measurement in High-Speed Shock Waves for Planetary Entry.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 39
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2718
EP  - 2719
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Three-dimensional images of absolute radiance as a function of position and wavelength are obtained for shock-heated plasmas traveling in a shock tube at velocities near Mach 30. Vacuum optics coupled to a shock tube are used to image the shock onto four separate spectrometers, which, in turn, disperse the radiation in wavelength onto intensified CCD arrays covering selected spectral ranges from the vacuum ultraviolet (> 120\ \nm) through midwave infrared (<5000\ \nm). Quantitative radiometry performed in this fashion is used to benchmark radiative heating codes used in sizing spacecraft thermal protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - ELECTRIC shock
KW  - ELECTRON tubes
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - VEHICLES
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - PLASMA diagnostics
KW  - Aerospace simulation
KW  - Electric shock
KW  - Electron tubes
KW  - Heating
KW  - Optics
KW  - plasma diagnostics
KW  - plasma measurements
KW  - Plasmas
KW  - shock waves
KW  - spectral analysis
KW  - spectroradiometers
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - Vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 67086761; Cruden, Brett A. 1; Affiliation:  1: ERC Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p2718; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: ELECTRIC shock; Subject Term: ELECTRON tubes; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: VEHICLES; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: PLASMA diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric shock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron tubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: shock waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectral analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroradiometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2162255
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weatherford, Brandon R.
AU  - Foster, John E.
AU  - Kamhawi, Hani
T1  - Visible Plume From a Low-Power ECR Waveguide Plasma Cathode for Electric Propulsion Systems.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2011/11/03/Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 39
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2942
EP  - 2943
SN  - 00933813
AB  - A waveguide ECR plasma cathode is being investigated as a long-lived alternative to thermionic emitter-based electron sources for ion beam neutralization in electric propulsion systems. The present device can deliver up to 4.2 A of electron current, on argon or xenon, with low power consumption and high gas utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA waveguides
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC devices
KW  - MICROWAVE antennas
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - Apertures
KW  - Cathodes
KW  - Electromagnetic heating
KW  - Electron sources
KW  - Microwave antennas
KW  - Microwave devices
KW  - plasma sources
KW  - Plasmas
KW  - propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 67086408; Weatherford, Brandon R. 1 Foster, John E. 2 Kamhawi, Hani 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, MI, USA  2: Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Nov2011 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 39 Issue 11, p2942; Subject Term: PLASMA waveguides; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC devices; Subject Term: MICROWAVE antennas; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apertures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cathodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron sources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma sources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: propulsion; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2138722
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Häkkinen, Sirpa
AU  - Rhines, Peter B.
AU  - Worthen, Denise L.
T1  - Atmospheric Blocking and Atlantic Multidecadal Ocean Variability.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2011/11/04/
VL  - 334
IS  - 6056
M3  - Article
SP  - 655
EP  - 659
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Atmospheric blocking over the northern North Atlantic, which involves isolation of large regions of air from the westerly circulation for 5 days or more, influences fundamentally the ocean circulation and upper ocean properties by affecting wind patterns. Winters with clusters of more frequent blocking between Greenland and western Europe correspond to a warmer, more saline subpolar ocean. The correspondence between blocked westerly winds and warm ocean holds in recent decadal episodes (especially 1996 to 2010). It also describes much longer time scab Atlantic multidecadal ocean variability (AMV), including the extreme pre—greenhouse-gas northern warming of the 1930s to 1960s. The space-time structure of the wind forcing associated with a blocked regime reads to weaker ocean gyres and weaker heat exchange, both of which contribute to the warm phase of AMV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - BLOCKING (Meteorology)
KW  - OCEAN circulation
KW  - GLOBAL warming -- Environmental aspects
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - NORTH Atlantic Region
N1  - Accession Number: 67357873; Häkkinen, Sirpa 1; Email Address: sirpa.hakkinen@nasa.gov Rhines, Peter B. 2 Worthen, Denise L. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: University of Washington, Box 357940, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: Wyle Information Systems/NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 615, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 11/4/2011, Vol. 334 Issue 6056, p655; Subject Term: OCEAN-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: BLOCKING (Meteorology); Subject Term: OCEAN circulation; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: NORTH Atlantic Region; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1205683
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sungho  Kim
AU  - Taiuk  Rim
AU  - Kihyun  Kim
AU  - Unsang  Lee
AU  - Eunhye  Baek
AU  - Hojoon  Lee
AU  - Chang-Ki  Baek
AU  - M.  Meyyappan
AU  - M. Jamal  Deen
AU  - Jeong-Soo  Lee
T1  - Silicon nanowire ion sensitive field effect transistor with integrated Ag/AgCl electrode: pH sensing and noise characteristics.
JO  - Analyst
JF  - Analyst
Y1  - 2011/11/07/
VL  - 136
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 5012
EP  - 5016
SN  - 00032654
AB  - We have fabricated Si nanowire (SiNW) based ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) for biosensing applications. The ability to prepare a large number of sensors on a wafer, the use of standard silicon microfabrication techniques resulting in cost savings, and potential high sensitivity are significant advantages in favor of nanoscale SiNW ISFETs. The SiNW ISFETs with embedded Ag/AgCl reference electrode were fabricated on a standard silicon-on-insulator wafer using electron-beam lithography and conventional semiconductor processing technology. The current–voltage characteristics show an n-type FET behavior with a relatively high on/off current ratio, reasonable sub-threshold swing value, and low gate-leakage current. The pH responses of the ISFETs with different pH solutions were characterized at room temperature which showed a clear lateral shift of the drain current vs.gate voltage curve with a change in the pH value of the solution and a sensitivity of 40 mV pH−1. The low frequency noise characteristics were investigated to evaluate the signal to noise ratio and sensing limit of the devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Analyst is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSILICON
KW  - ION selective electrodes
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - HYDROGEN-ion concentration
KW  - CHEMICAL detectors
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - SILICON-on-insulator technology
N1  - Accession Number: 67085831; Sungho  Kim 1 Taiuk  Rim 1 Kihyun  Kim 1 Unsang  Lee 2 Eunhye  Baek 2 Hojoon  Lee 1 Chang-Ki  Baek 1 M.  Meyyappan 2,3 M. Jamal  Deen 2,4 Jeong-Soo  Lee 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering  2: Division of IT-Convergence Engineering  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: ECE Dept.; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 136 Issue 23, p5012; Subject Term: NANOSILICON; Subject Term: ION selective electrodes; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: HYDROGEN-ion concentration; Subject Term: CHEMICAL detectors; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: SILICON-on-insulator technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MATHUR, S.
AU  - HEKKER, S.
AU  - TRAMPEDACH, R.
AU  - BALLOT, J.
AU  - KALLINGER, T.
AU  - BUZASI, D.
AU  - GARCÍA, R. A.
AU  - HUBER, D.
AU  - JIMÉNEZ, A.
AU  - MOSSER, B.
AU  - BEDDING, T. R.
AU  - ELSWORTH, Y.
AU  - RÉGULO, C.
AU  - STELLO, D.
AU  - CHAPLIN, W. J.
AU  - DE RIDDER, J.
AU  - HALE, S. J.
AU  - KINEMUCHI, K.
AU  - KJELDSEN, H.
AU  - MULLALLY, F.
T1  - GRANULATION IN RED GIANTS: OBSERVATIONS BY THE KEPLER MISSION AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONVECTION SIMULATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/11/10/
VL  - 741
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The granulation pattern that we observe on the surface of the Sun is due to hot plasma rising to the photosphere where it cools down and descends back into the interior at the edges of granules. This is the visible manifestation of convection taking place in the outer part of the solar convection zone. Because red giants have deeper convection zones than the Sun, we cannot a priori assume that their granulation is a scaled version of solar granulation. Until now, neither observations nor one-dimensional analytical convection models could put constraints on granulation in red giants. With asteroseismology, this study can now be performed. We analyze ~1000 red giants that have been observed by Kepler during 13 months. We fit the power spectra with Harvey-like profiles to retrieve the characteristics of the granulation (timescale τgran and power Pgran). We search for a correlation between these parameters and the global acoustic-mode parameter (the position of maximum power, vmax) as well as with stellar parameters (mass, radius, surface gravity (log g), and effective temperature (Teff)). We show that τeff Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed., and Pgran Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed., which is consistent with the theoretical predictions. We find that the granulation timescales of stars that belong to the red clump have similar values while the timescales of stars in the red giant branch are spread in a wider range. Finally, we show that realistic three-dimensional simulations of the surface convection in stars, spanning the (Teff, log g) range of our sample of red giants, match the Kepler observations well in terms of trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR granulation
KW  - RED giants
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - CONVECTION (Astrophysics)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPECTRA
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - stars: late-type
N1  - Accession Number: 67711265; MATHUR, S. 1 HEKKER, S. 2,3 TRAMPEDACH, R. 4 BALLOT, J. 5,6 KALLINGER, T. 7,8 BUZASI, D. 9 GARCÍA, R. A. 10 HUBER, D. 11 JIMÉNEZ, A. 12,13 MOSSER, B. 14 BEDDING, T. R. 11 ELSWORTH, Y. 3 RÉGULO, C. 12,13 STELLO, D. 11 CHAPLIN, W. J. 3 DE RIDDER, J. 8 HALE, S. J. 3 KINEMUCHI, K. 15 KJELDSEN, H. 16 MULLALLY, F. 17; Affiliation:  1: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  2: Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek," University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  4: JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  5: Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, CNRS, 14 avenue E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France  6: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31400 Toulouse, France  7: Institute for Astronomy (IfA), University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria  8: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  9: Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USA  10: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM--CNRS-Université Paris Diderot--IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  11: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  12: Dpto de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206, Tenerife, Spain  13: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  14: LESIA, UMR8109, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Obs. de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  15: Bay Area Environmental Research Inst./NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  16: Danish AsteroSeismology Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  17: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 741 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: SOLAR granulation; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPECTRA; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/119
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DP  - EBSCOhost
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ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WILLIAMS, BRIAN J.
AU  - BLAIR, WILLIAM P.
AU  - BLONDIN, JOHN M.
AU  - BORKOWSKI, KAZIMIERZ J.
AU  - GHAVAMIAN, PARVIZ
AU  - LONG, KNOX S.
AU  - RAYMOND, JOHN C.
AU  - REYNOLDS, STEPHEN P.
AU  - RHO, JEONGHEE
AU  - WINKLER, P. FRANK
T1  - RCW 86: A TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA IN A WIND-BLOWN BUBBLE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/11/10/
VL  - 741
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report results from a multi-wavelength analysis of the Galactic supernova remnant RCW 86, the proposed remnant of the supernova of 185 A.D. We show new infrared observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, where the entire shell is detected at 24 and 22 µm. We fit the infrared flux ratios with models of collisionally heated ambient dust, finding post-shock gas densities in the non-radiative shocks of 2.4 and 2.0 cm-3 in the southwest (SW) and northwest (NW) portions of the remnant, respectively. The Balmer-dominated shocks around the periphery of the shell, large amount of iron in the X-ray-emitting ejecta, and lack of a compact remnant support a Type la origin for this remnant. From hydrodynamic simulations, the observed characteristics of RCW 86 are successfully reproduced by an off-center explosion in a low-density cavity carved by the progenitor system. This would make RCW 86 the first known case of a Type la supernova in a wind-blown bubble. The fast shocks (>3000 km s-1) observed in the northeast are propagating in the low-density bubble, where the shock is just beginning to encounter the shell, while the slower shocks elsewhere have already encountered the bubble wall. The diffuse nature of the synchrotron emission in the SW and NW is due to electrons that were accelerated early in the lifetime of the remnant, when the shock was still in the bubble. Electrons in a bubble could produce gamma rays by inverse-Compton scattering. The wind-blown bubble scenario requires a single-degenerate progenitor, which should leave behind a companion star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - SYNCHROTRON radiation
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - cosmic rays
KW  - dust, extinction
KW  - ISM: supernova remnants
N1  - Accession Number: 67711242; WILLIAMS, BRIAN J. 1; Email Address: bjwilli2@ncsu.edu BLAIR, WILLIAM P. 2 BLONDIN, JOHN M. 1 BORKOWSKI, KAZIMIERZ J. 1 GHAVAMIAN, PARVIZ 3 LONG, KNOX S. 3 RAYMOND, JOHN C. 4 REYNOLDS, STEPHEN P. 1 RHO, JEONGHEE 5 WINKLER, P. FRANK 6; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA  3: STScI, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: SOFIA/USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Physics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 741 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRON radiation; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust, extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: supernova remnants; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/96
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WOOD, MATT A.
AU  - STILL, MARTIN D.
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - CANNIZZO, JOHN K.
AU  - SMALE, ALAN P.
T1  - V344 LYRAE: A TOUCHSTONE SU UMa CATACLYSMIC VARIABLE IN THE KEPLER FIELD.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/11/10/
VL  - 741
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report on the analysis of the Kepler short-cadence (SC) light curve of V344 Lyr obtained during 2009 June 20 through 2010 March 19 (Q2-Q4). The system is an SU UMa star showing dwarf nova (DN) outbursts and superoutbursts, and promises to be a touchstone for CV studies for the foreseeable future. The system displays both positive and negative superhumps with periods of 2.20 and 2.06 hr, respectively, and we identify an orbital period of 2.1 1 hr. The positive superhumps have a maximum amplitude of ~0.25 mag, the negative superhumps have a maximum amplitude of ~0.8 mag, and the orbital period at quiescence has an amplitude of ~0.025 mag. The quality of the Kepler data is such that we can test vigorously the models for accretion disk dynamics that have been emerging in the past several years. The SC data for V344 Lyr are consistent with the model that two physical sources yield positive superhumps: early in the superoutburst, the superhump signal is generated by viscous dissipation within the periodically flexing disk, but late in the superoutburst, the signal is generated as the accretion stream bright spot sweeps around the rim of the non-axisymmetric disk. The disk superhumps are roughly anti-phased with the stream/late superhumps. The V344 Lyr data also reveal negative superhumps arising from accretion onto a tilted disk precessing in the retrograde direction and suggest that negative superhumps may appear during the decline of DN outbursts. The period of negative superhumps has a positive P in between outbursts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - DWARF novae
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - METEOR showers
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: dwarf novae
KW  - stars: individual (V344 Lyr)
KW  - white dwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 67711251; WOOD, MATT A. 1; Email Address: wood@fit.edu STILL, MARTIN D. 2,3 HOWELL, STEVE B. 2,4 CANNIZZO, JOHN K. 5,6 SMALE, ALAN P. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94095, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third St. West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  4: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  5: CRESST and Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  7: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 741 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: DWARF novae; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: METEOR showers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: dwarf novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (V344 Lyr); Author-Supplied Keyword: white dwarfs; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/105
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoonessi, Mitra
AU  - Heinz, Hendrik
AU  - Dang, Thuy D.
AU  - Bai, Zongwu
T1  - Morphology of sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone random copolymer series as proton exchange fuel cells membranes by small angle neutron scattering
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2011/11/10/
VL  - 52
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 5615
EP  - 5621
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Sulfonated polyarylenethioethersulfone (SPTES) copolymers with high proton conductivity (100–215 mS/cm at 65 °C, 85% relative humidity) are promising potential proton exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel cells. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) of the hydrated SPTES copolymer membranes at 25 °C exhibit a nanostructure which can be approximated by correlated polydisperse spherical aggregates containing water molecules with liquid-like ordering (Percus Yevick approximation) and large scale water pockets. The ionic domain radius and the volume packing density of the aggregates present in the hydrated SPTES copolymer membranes at 25 °C increased with increasing degree of sulfonation. SPTES-80 with highest degree of sulfonation (71.6%) showed a Guinier plateau at the very low q range (q < 1 × 10−4 1/Å) indicating presence of isolated large scale morphology (Rg  = 1.3 ± 0.18 micron). The radius of spherical ionic aggregates present in the hydrated SPTES-50 and SPTES-60 copolymer membranes increased with increasing temperature to 55 °C, but the large scale morphology changed to a fractal network. Further increase of the sulfonation degree to 63.3% and 71.6% (SPTES-70 and SPTES-80) resulted in a substantial morphology change of the spherical aggregates to an irregular bicontinuous hydrophobic/hydrophilic morphology for the hydrated SPTES-70 and SPTES-80 copolymer membranes at 55 °C. Presence of ionic maxima followed by a power law decay of −4 for SPTES-70 and SPTES-80 copolymer membranes was attributed to the bicontinuous phase morphology at high degree of sulfonation and elevated temperature (55 °C). The disruption of the larger scale fractal morphology was characterized by significant decrease in the intermediate scattering intensity. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains were separated distinctly by sulfonic groups at the interface showing as power law decay of −4 for all hydrated SPTES copolymers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFONES
KW  - COPOLYMERS
KW  - PROTON exchange membrane fuel cells
KW  - NEUTRON scattering
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - SULFONATION
KW  - Fuel cells membrane
KW  - Morphology
KW  - Neutron scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 67139573; Yoonessi, Mitra 1,2; Email Address: mitra.yoonessi@nasa.gov Heinz, Hendrik 3 Dang, Thuy D. 4 Bai, Zongwu 5; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  4: Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXBN, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA  5: University of Dayton Research Institute, 300 College Park Drive, Dayton, OH 45469, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 52 Issue 24, p5615; Subject Term: SULFONES; Subject Term: COPOLYMERS; Subject Term: PROTON exchange membrane fuel cells; Subject Term: NEUTRON scattering; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: SULFONATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel cells membrane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron scattering; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.09.047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Sengupta, Sujan
T1  - Probing the physical properties of directly imaged gas giant exoplanets through polarization.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/11/11/
VL  - 417
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2874
EP  - 2881
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT It has been becoming clear that the atmospheres of the young, self-luminous extrasolar giant planets imaged to date are dusty. Planets with dusty atmospheres may exhibit detectable amounts of linear polarization in the near-infrared, as has been observed from some field L dwarfs. The asymmetry required in the thermal radiation field to produce polarization may arise either from the rotation-induced oblateness or from surface inhomogeneities, such as partial cloudiness. While it is not possible at present to predict the extent to which atmospheric dynamics on a given planet may produce surface inhomogeneities substantial enough to produce net non-zero disc-integrated polarization, the contribution of rotation-induced oblateness can be estimated. Using a self-consistent, spatially homogeneous atmospheric model and a multiple scattering polarization formalism for this class of exoplanets, we show that polarization of the order of 1 per cent may arise due to the rotation-induced oblateness of the planets. The degree of polarization for cloudy planets should peak at the same wavelengths at which the planets are brightest in the near-infrared. The observed polarization may be even higher if surface inhomogeneities exist and play a significant role. Polarized radiation from self-luminous gas giant exoplanets, if detected, provides an additional tool to characterize these young planets and a new method to constrain their surface gravity and masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
N1  - Accession Number: 66953172; Marley, Mark S. 1 Sengupta, Sujan 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala 2nd Block, Bangalore 560034, India; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 417 Issue 4, p2874; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19448.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allen, Marc S.
AU  - Hertz, Paul L.
T1  - Starting to partner with NASA in space and Earth science
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/11/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1638
EP  - 1642
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: NASA research programs offer many opportunities for productive partnerships with investigators in other countries. While spacecraft projects are complex and very expensive, there are other, lower-cost partnerships that can yield important scientific results and offer excellent opportunities for building up new space and Earth science programs and for training new researchers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SUBORBITAL space flight
KW  - PARTNERSHIP (Business)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Earth science
KW  - GLOBE program
KW  - Ground-based measurements
KW  - Partnering with NASA
KW  - Space science
KW  - Suborbital investigations
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 65949104; Allen, Marc S.; Email Address: marc.allen@nasa.gov Hertz, Paul L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 300 E Street SW, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 48 Issue 10, p1638; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SUBORBITAL space flight; Subject Term: PARTNERSHIP (Business); Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth science; Author-Supplied Keyword: GLOBE program; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground-based measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partnering with NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Suborbital investigations; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.08.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mason, James
AU  - Stupl, Jan
AU  - Marshall, William
AU  - Levit, Creon
T1  - Orbital debris–debris collision avoidance
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/11/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1643
EP  - 1655
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We focus on preventing collisions between debris and debris, for which there is no current, effective mitigation strategy. We investigate the feasibility of using a medium-powered (5kW) ground-based laser combined with a ground-based telescope to prevent collisions between debris objects in low-Earth orbit (LEO). The scheme utilizes photon pressure alone as a means to perturb the orbit of a debris object. Applied over multiple engagements, this alters the debris orbit sufficiently to reduce the risk of an upcoming conjunction. We employ standard assumptions for atmospheric conditions and the resulting beam propagation. Using case studies designed to represent the properties (e.g. area and mass) of the current debris population, we show that one could significantly reduce the risk of nearly half of all catastrophic collisions involving debris using only one such laser/telescope facility. We speculate on whether this could mitigate the debris fragmentation rate such that it falls below the natural debris re-entry rate due to atmospheric drag, and thus whether continuous long-term operation could entirely mitigate the Kessler syndrome in LEO, without need for relatively expensive active debris removal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - COLLISIONS (Physics)
KW  - LASERS
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - Active debris removal
KW  - Collision avoidance
KW  - Conjunction analysis
KW  - Kessler syndrome
KW  - Laser
KW  - Space debris
N1  - Accession Number: 65949109; Mason, James 1; Email Address: james.mason@nasa.gov Stupl, Jan 2 Marshall, William 1 Levit, Creon 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center and Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, MS202-3, CA 94035, USA  2: Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, 616 Serra Street, CA 94305, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, MS202-3, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 48 Issue 10, p1643; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Physics); Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active debris removal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collision avoidance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conjunction analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kessler syndrome; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space debris; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.08.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atli, K.C.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Work output of the two-way shape memory effect in Ti50.5Ni24.5Pd25 high-temperature shape memory alloy
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2011/11/15/
VL  - 65
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 903
EP  - 906
SN  - 13596462
AB  - A significant two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was demonstrated, for the first time, in a TiNiPd high-temperature shape memory alloy (SMA) with TWSM strains as high as 2.6%. This TWSME was able to perform mechanical work, with a maximum work output of 0.12Jg−1, well above the levels obtained from conventional SMAs. Microstructural changes obtained through severe plastic deformation processing did not improve the TWSME stability and resulted in a reduction of strain capability and work output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - EFFECT of high temperatures on metals
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - High-temperature shape memory alloy
KW  - TiNiPd
KW  - Training
KW  - Two-way shape memory effect
KW  - Work output
N1  - Accession Number: 66160757; Atli, K.C. 1 Karaman, I. 1,2; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Noebe, R.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 65 Issue 10, p903; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on metals; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiNiPd; Author-Supplied Keyword: Training; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-way shape memory effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Work output; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2011.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mondal, Suvra Prakash
AU  - Dutta, Prabir K.
AU  - Hunter, G.W.
AU  - Ward, B.J.
AU  - Laskowski, D.
AU  - Dweik, R.A.
T1  - Development of high sensitivity potentiometric NO x  sensor and its application to breath analysis
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2011/11/15/
VL  - 158
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 298
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: Using a combination of similar potentiometric sensors connected in series, a strategy for measuring NO at ppb concentrations has been demonstrated. Sensors numbering from 2 to 20 were fabricated, with each sensor based on YSZ electrolyte with WO3 sensing electrode and Pt-zeolite/Pt as the reference electrode. Use of a catalytic filter allows for the cancellation of interferences due to oxidizable gases, such as CO. The optimum operating temperature of the filter and sensor was determined to be 250 and 425°C, respectively. For human breath samples, the interference from water was acute enough that only scrubbing through a dry ice/acetone bath led to adequate performance for detection of NO in the 5–80ppb range with a 20-sensor array. A more practical strategy suitable for clinical analysis was demonstrated by using water saturated air as the background gas. A linear calibration curve in the range suitable for use in clinical analysis is demonstrated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL detectors
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - POTENTIOMETRY
KW  - BREATH tests
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - ELECTRIC interference
KW  - ACETONE
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - Asthma monitoring
KW  - Biomarkers of disease
KW  - Combustion sensor
KW  - Harsh environment sensor
KW  - Interferences
N1  - Accession Number: 62844108; Mondal, Suvra Prakash 1 Dutta, Prabir K. 1; Email Address: dutta@chemistry.ohio-state.edu Hunter, G.W. 2 Ward, B.J. 3 Laskowski, D. 4 Dweik, R.A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  3: Makel Engineering, Inc., Chico, CA, United States  4: Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 158 Issue 1, p292; Subject Term: CHEMICAL detectors; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: POTENTIOMETRY; Subject Term: BREATH tests; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: ELECTRIC interference; Subject Term: ACETONE; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asthma monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomarkers of disease; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harsh environment sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interferences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2011.05.063
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
AU  - Myers, Dwight L.
T1  - High-Temperature Vaporization of B2O3(l) under Reducing Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2011/11/17/
VL  - 115
IS  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 13253
EP  - 13260
SN  - 15206106
AB  - The vaporization of B2O3in a reducing environment leads to the formation of both B2O3(g) and B2O2(g). Whereas the formation of B2O3(g) is well understood, many questions about the formation of B2O2(g) remain. Previous studies using B(s)  B2O3(l) have led to inconsistent thermodynamic data. In this study, it was found that, after heating, B(s) and B2O3(l) appeared to separate and variations in contact area likely led to the inconsistent vapor pressures of B2O2(g). To circumvent this problem, the activity of boron was fixed with a two-phase mixture of FeB and Fe2B. Both second- and third-law enthalpies of formation were measured for B2O2(g) and B2O3(g). From these values, the enthalpies of formation at 298.15 K were calculated to be â479.9 Â± 25.7 kJ/mol for B2O2(g) and â833.4 Â± 13.1 kJ/mol for B2O3(g). Ab initio calculations to determine the enthalpies of formation of B2O2(g) and B2O3(g) were conducted using the W1BD composite method and showed good agreement with the experimental values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VAPORIZATION
KW  - HIGH temperature chemistry
KW  - BORON compounds
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 85433246; Jacobson, Nathan S. 1 Myers, Dwight L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 115 Issue 45, p13253; Subject Term: VAPORIZATION; Subject Term: HIGH temperature chemistry; Subject Term: BORON compounds; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Subject Term: PHYSICAL & theoretical chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andersen, M.
AU  - Rho, J.
AU  - Reach, W. T.
AU  - Hewitt, J. W.
AU  - Bernard, J. P.
T1  - DUST PROCESSING IN SUPERNOVA REMNANTS: SPITZER MIPS SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND INFRARED SPECTROGRAPH OBSERVATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/11/20/
VL  - 742
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Spitzer Multiband Imaging Photometer (MIPS) spectral energy distribution (SED) and Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) observations of 14 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) previously identified in the GLIMPSE survey. We find evidence for SNR/molecular cloud interaction through detection of [OI] emission, ionic lines, and emission from molecular hydrogen. Through blackbody fitting of the MIPS SEDs we find the large grains to be warm, 29-66 K. The dust emission is modeled using the DUSTEM code and a three-component dust model composed of populations of big grains (BGs), very small grains (VSGs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We find the dust to be moderately heated, typically by 30-100 times the interstellar radiation field. The source of the radiation is likely hydrogen recombination, where the excitation of hydrogen occurred in the shock front. The ratio of VSGs to BGs is found for most of the molecular interacting SNRs to be higher than that found in the plane of the Milky Way, typically by a factor of 2-3. We suggest that dust shattering is responsible for the relative overabundance of small grains, in agreement with the prediction from dust destruction models. However, two of the SNRs are best fitted with a very low abundance of carbon grains to silicate grains and with a very high radiation field. A likely reason for the low abundance of small carbon grains is sputtering. We find evidence for silicate emission at 20 fim in their SEDs, indicating that they are young SNRs based on the strong radiation field necessary to reproduce the observed SEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - dust, extinction
KW  - ISM: supernova remnants
N1  - Accession Number: 74164447; Andersen, M. 1,2; Email Address: manderse@rssd.esa.int Rho, J. 3 Reach, W. T. 3 Hewitt, J. W. 4 Bernard, J. P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Research and Scientific Support Department, European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  3: SOFIA/USRA NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Slop N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Centre d'Étude Spatiale des Rayonnements, CNRS, 9 av. du Colonel Roche, BP 4346, F-31028 Toulouse, France; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 742 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust, extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: supernova remnants; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Darling, Jeremy
AU  - Macdonald, Erin P.
AU  - Haynes, Martha P.
AU  - Giovanelli, Riccardo
T1  - THE ALFALFA H I ABSORPTION PILOT SURVEY: A WIDE-AREA BLIND DAMPED Lyα SYSTEM SURVEY OF THE LOCAL UNIVERSE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/11/20/
VL  - 742
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the results of a pilot survey for neutral hydrogen (H I) 21 cm absorption in the Arecibo Legacy Fast Arecibo L-Band Feed Array (ALFALFA) Survey. This project is a wide-area "blind" search for H I absorption in the local universe, spanning -650 km s-1 < cz < 17,500 km s-1 and covering 517.0 deg² (7% of the full ALFALFA survey). The survey is sensitive to H l absorption lines stronger than 7.7 mJy (8983 radio sources) and is 90% complete for lines stronger than 11.0 mJy (7296 sources). The total redshift interval sensitive to all damped Lyα (DLA) systems (NHI ≥ 2 x 1020 cm-2) is Δ z = 7.0 (129 objects, assuming Ts = 100 K and covering fraction unity); for super-DLAs (NHI ≥ 2 x 1021 cm-2) it is Δ z = 128.2 (2353 objects). We re-detect the intrinsic HI absorption line in UGC 6081 but detect no intervening absorption line systems. We compute a 95% confidence upper limit on the column density frequency distribution function f(NHI, X) spanning four orders of magnitude in column density, 1019 (Ts/100 K) (1/f) cm-2 < NHI < 1023 (Ts/100 K) (1/f) cm-2, that is consistent with previous redshifted optical DLA surveys and the aggregate H I 21 cm emission in the local universe. The detection rate is in agreement with extant observations. This pilot survey suggests that an absorption line search of the complete ALFALFA survey--or any higher redshift, larger bandwidth, or more sensitive survey, such as those planned for Square Kilometer Array pathfinders or a low-frequency lunar array--will either make numerous detections or will set a strong statistical lower limit on the typical spin temperature of neutral hydrogen gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - QUASARS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - ACTIVE galaxies
KW  - methods: observational
KW  - quasars: absorption lines
KW  - radio lines: galaxies
KW  - surveys
N1  - Accession Number: 74164509; Darling, Jeremy 1,2; Email Address: jdarling@colorado.edu Macdonald, Erin P. 1,3; Email Address: e.macdonald@physics.gla.ac.uk Haynes, Martha P. 4,5; Email Address: haynes@astro.cornell.edu Giovanelli, Riccardo 4,5; Email Address: riccardo@astro.cornell.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Institute for Gravitational Research, School of Physics and Astronomy, Kelvin Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G 12 8QQ, UK  4: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  5: National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 742 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: QUASARS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: ACTIVE galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: observational; Author-Supplied Keyword: quasars: absorption lines; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio lines: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/60
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whittet, D. C. B.
AU  - Cook, A. M.
AU  - Herbst, Eric
AU  - Chiar, J. E.
AU  - Shenoy, S. S.
T1  - OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS ON METHANOL PRODUCTION IN INTERSTELLAR AND PREPLANETARY ICES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/11/20/
VL  - 742
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Methanol (CH3OH) is thought to be an important link in the chain of chemical evolution that leads from simple diatomic interstellar molecules to complex organic species in protoplanetary disks that may be delivered to the surfaces of Earthlike planets. Previous research has shown that CH3OH forms in the interstellar medium predominantly on the surfaces of dust grains. To enhance our understanding of the conditions that lead to its efficient production, we assemble a homogenized catalog of published detections and limiting values in interstellar and preplanetary ices for both CH3OH and the other commonly observed C- and O-bearing species, H2O, CO, and CO2. We use this catalog to investigate the abundance of ice-phase CH3OH in environments ranging from dense molecular clouds to circumstellar envelopes around newly born stars of low and high mass. Results show that CH3OH production arises during the CO freezeout phase of ice-mantle growth in the clouds, after an ice layer rich in H2O and CO2 is already in place on the dust, in agreement with current astrochemical models. The abundance of solid-phase CH3OH in this environment is sufficient to account for observed gas-phase abundances when the ices are subsequently desorbed in the vicinity of embedded stars. CH3OH concentrations in the ices toward embedded stars show order-of-magnitude object-to-object variations, even in a sample restricted to stars of low mass associated with ices lacking evidence of thermal processing. We hypothesize that the efficiency of CH3OH production in dense cores and protostellar envelopes is mediated by the degree of prior CO depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANOL
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - STARS
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - dust, extinction
KW  - evolution
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
N1  - Accession Number: 74164477; Whittet, D. C. B. 1 Cook, A. M. 1,2 Herbst, Eric 3,4,5,6,7,8 Chiar, J. E. 9 Shenoy, S. S. 2; Affiliation:  1: New York Center for Astrobiology and Department of Physics, Applied Physics & Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  6: Department of Chemistry University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  8: Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  9: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 742 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: METHANOL; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust, extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/28
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jurua, E.
AU  - Charles, P. A.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Meintjes, P. J.
T1  - The optical and X-ray light curves of Hercules X-1.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/11/21/
VL  - 418
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 443
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT The Galactic neutron star X-ray binary Her X-1 displays a well-known 35-day superorbital modulation in its X-ray and optical light curves. Detected across a broad energy range, the modulation is prevalent in X-rays, cycling between low and high states. The 35-day modulation is believed to be the result of the periodic occultation of the neutron star by a warped precessing accretion disc. Using optical observations of Her X-1 during both the anomalous low state (ALS) and the normal high state, it is shown that the orbital light curve of Her X-1 varies systematically over the 35-day precession cycle. The 35-day precessional profile is remarkably consistent between the ALS and normal high state of Her X-1, suggesting only a very slight change in the form of the disc warp between the two states. Comparison of optical and X-ray light curves suggests that a significant component of the X-ray flux during the ALS originates from the companion star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUTRON stars
KW  - CURVES
KW  - X-rays
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - PRECESSION
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 67132632; Jurua, E. 1,2 Charles, P. A. 3,4,5 Still, M. 6 Meintjes, P. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa  2: Mbarara University of Science and Technology, PO Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda  3: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa  4: University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa  5: School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ  6: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2011, Vol. 418 Issue 1, p437; Subject Term: NEUTRON stars; Subject Term: CURVES; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PRECESSION; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19494.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Righter, K.
AU  - O'Brien, D. P.
T1  - Terrestrial planet formation.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2011/11/29/
VL  - 108
IS  - 48
M3  - Article
SP  - 19165
EP  - 19170
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Advances in our understanding of terrestrial planet formation have come from a multidisciplinary approach. Studies of the ages and compositions of primitive meteorites with compositions similar to the Sun have helped to constrain the nature of the building blocks of planets. This information helps to guide numerical models for the three stages of planet formation from dust to planetesimals (∼106 y), followed by planetesimals to embryos (lunar to Mars-sized objects; few × 106 y), and finally embryos to planets (107-108 y). Defining the role of turbulence in the early nebula is a key to understanding the growth of solids larger than meter size. The initiation of runaway growth of embryos from planetesimals ultimately leads to the growth of large terrestrial planets via large impacts. Dynamical models can produce inner Solar System configurations that closely resemble our Solar System, especially when the orbital effects of large planets (Jupiter and Saturn) and damping mechanisms, such as gas drag, are included. Experimental studies of terrestrial planet interiors provide additional constraints on the conditions of differentiation and, therefore, origin. A more complete understanding of terrestrial planet formation might be possible via a combination of chemical and physical modeling, as well as obtaining samples and new geophysical data from other planets (Venus, Mars, or Mercury) and asteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 68627377; Righter, K. 1; Email Address: kevin.righter-1@nasa.gov O'Brien, D. P. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058  2: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719; Source Info: 11/29/2011, Vol. 108 Issue 48, p19165; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1013480108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cody, George D.
AU  - Heying, Emily
AU  - Alexander, Conel M. O.
AU  - Nittler, Larry R.
AU  - Kilcoyne, A. L. David
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Stroud, Rhonda M.
T1  - Establishing a molecular relationship between chondritic and cometary organic solids.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2011/11/29/
VL  - 108
IS  - 48
M3  - Article
SP  - 19171
EP  - 19176
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Multidimensional solid-state NMR spectroscopy is used to refine the identification and abundance determination of functional groups in insoluble organic matter (IOM) isolated from a carbonaceous chondrite (Murchison, CM2). It is shown that IOM is composed primarily of highly substituted single ring aromatics, substituted furan/pyran moieties, highly branched oxygenated aliphatics, and carbonyl groups. A pathway for producing an IOM-like molecular structure through formaldehyde polymerization is proposed and tested experimentally. Solid-state 13C NMR analysis of aqueously altered formaldehyde polymer reveals considerable similarity with chondritic IOM. Carbon X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy of formaldehyde polymer reveals the presence of similar functional groups across certain Comet 81P/Wild 2 organic solids, interplanetary dust particles, and primitive IOM. Variation in functional group concentration amongst these extraterrestrial materials is understood to be a result of various degrees of processing in the parent bodies, in space, during atmospheric entry, etc. These results support the hypothesis that chondritic IOM and cometary refractory organic solids are related chemically and likely were derived from formaldehyde polymer. The fine-scale morphology of formaldehyde polymer produced in the experiment reveals abundant nanospherules that are similar in size and shape to organic nanoglobules that are ubiquitous in primitive chondrites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy
KW  - FUNCTIONAL groups
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 68627378; Cody, George D. 1; Email Address: gcody@ciw.edu Heying, Emily 1 Alexander, Conel M. O. 2 Nittler, Larry R. 2 Kilcoyne, A. L. David 3 Sandford, Scott A. 4 Stroud, Rhonda M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5251 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015  2: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015  3: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720  4: Astrophyiscs Branch, Mail Stop 245-6, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035  5: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20015; Source Info: 11/29/2011, Vol. 108 Issue 48, p19171; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: NUCLEAR magnetic resonance spectroscopy; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL groups; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1015913108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kara, Kursat
AU  - Balakumar, Ponnampalam
AU  - Kandil, Osama A.
T1  - Effects of Nose Bluntness on Hypersonic Boundary-Layer Receptivity and Stability over Cones.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2593
EP  - 2606
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The receptivity to freestream acoustic disturbances and the stability properties of hypersonic boundary layers are numerically investigated for boundary-layer flows over a 5° straight cone at a freestream Math number of 6.0. To compute the shock and the interaction of the shock with the instability waves, the Navier-Stokes equations in axisymmetrie coordinates were solved. In the governing equations, inviscid and viscous flux vectors are discretized using a fifth-order accurate weighted-essentially-non-oscillatory scheme. A third-order accurate total-variation-diminishing Runge-Kutta scheme is employed for time integration. After the mean flow field is computed, disturbances are introduced at the upstream end of the computational domain. The appearance of instability waves near the nose region and the receptivity of the boundary layer with respect to slow. mode acoustic waves are investigated. Computations confirm the stabilizing effect of nose bluntness and the role of the entropy layer in the delay of boundary-layer transition. The current solutions, compared with experimental observations and other computational results, exhibit good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer control
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 69599274; Kara, Kursat 1; Email Address: kursat.kara@kustar.ac.ae Balakumar, Ponnampalam 2 Kandil, Osama A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23581; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p2593; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer control; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J050032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69599274&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spear, Ashley D.
AU  - Priest, Amanda R.
AU  - Veilleux, Michael G.
AU  - Ingraffea, Anthony R.
AU  - Hochhalter, Jacob D.
T1  - Surrogate Modeling of High-Fidelity Fracture Simulations for Real-Time Residual-Strength Predictions.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2770
EP  - 2782
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A surrogate-model methodology is described for real-time prediction of the residual strength of flight structures with discrete-source damage. Starting with design of experiment, an artificial neural network is developed that takes discrete-source damage parameters as input and then outputs a prediction of the structural residual strength. Target residual-strength values used to train the artificial neural network are derived from three-dimensional finite-element-based fracture simulations. A residual-strength test of a metallic integrally stiffened panel is simulated to show that crack growth and residual strength are determined more accurately in discrete-source damage cases by using an elastic-plastic fracture framework rather than a linear-elastic fracture-mechanics-based method. Improving accuracy of the residual-strength training data would, in turn, improve the accuracy of the surrogate model. When combined, the surrogate-model methodology and high-fidelity fracture simulation framework provide useful tools for adaptive flight technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
N1  - Accession Number: 69599289; Spear, Ashley D. 1 Priest, Amanda R. 1 Veilleux, Michael G. 1 Ingraffea, Anthony R. 1 Hochhalter, Jacob D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p2770; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051159
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69599289&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chang, Leyen S.
AU  - Strand, Christopher L.
AU  - Jeffries, Jay B.
AU  - Hanson, Ronald K.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Gaffney, Richard L.
AU  - Capriotti, Diego P.
T1  - Supersonic Mass-Flux Measurements via Tunable Diode Laser Absorption and Nonuniform Flow Modeling.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2783
EP  - 2791
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Measurements of mass flux are obtained in a vitiated supersonic ground-test facility using a sensor based on line-of-sight diode laser absorption of water vapor. Mass flux is determined from the product of measured velocity and density. The relative Doppler shift of an absorption transition for beams directed upstream and downstream in the flow is used to measure velocity. Temperature is determined from the ratio of absorption signals of two transitions (λ1, = 1349 nm and λ2, = 1341.5 nm) and is coupled with a facility pressure measurement to obtain density. The sensor exploits wavelength-modulation spectroscopy with second-harmonic detection for large signal-to-noise ratios and normalization with the 1/ signal for rejection of non-absorption-related transmission fluctuations. The sensor line of sight is translated both vertically and horizontally across the test section for spatially resolved measurements. Time-resolved measurements of mass flux are used to assess the stability of flow conditions produced by the facility. Measurements of mass flux are within 1.5 % of the value obtained using a facility predictive code. The distortion of the wavelength-modulation spectroscopy lineshape caused by boundary layers along the laser line of sight is examined and the subsequent effect on the measured velocity is discussed. A method for correcting measured velocities for flow nonuniformities is introduced and application of this correction brings measured velocities within 4 m/s of the predicted value in a 1630 m/s flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MODULATION spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 69599290; Chang, Leyen S. 1 Strand, Christopher L. 1 Jeffries, Jay B. 1 Hanson, Ronald K. 1 Diskin, Glenn S. 2 Gaffney, Richard L. 2 Capriotti, Diego P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-3032  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 2368J; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p2783; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MODULATION spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051118
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69599290&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Drummond, J. Philip
T1  - Fundamentals of Engineering Numerical Analysis.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 2822
EP  - 2823
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article reviews the book "Fundamentals of Engineering Numerical Analysis," by Parviz Moin.
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - MOIN, Parviz
KW  - FUNDAMENTALS of Engineering Numerical Analysis (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 69599295; Drummond, J. Philip 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p2822; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: FUNDAMENTALS of Engineering Numerical Analysis (Book); People: MOIN, Parviz; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051483
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69599295&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Joel F
AU  - Flood, Michael A.
AU  - Prasad, Narasimha S.
AU  - Hodson, Wade D.
T1  - A low cost remote sensing system using PC and stereo equipment.
JO  - American Journal of Physics
JF  - American Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 79
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1240
EP  - 1245
SN  - 00029505
AB  - A system using a personal computer, speaker, and a microphone is used to detect objects, and make crude measurements using a carrier modulated by a pseudorandom noise (PN) code. This system can be constructed using a personal computer and audio equipment commonly found in the laboratory or at home, or more sophisticated equipment that can be purchased at a reasonable cost. We demonstrate its value as an instructional todI for teaching concepts of remote sensing and digital signal processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physics is the property of American Association of Physics Teachers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques
KW  - SONAR
KW  - PERSONAL computers
KW  - LOUDSPEAKERS
KW  - MICROPHONE
N1  - Accession Number: 69722103; Campbell, Joel F 1 Flood, Michael A. 1 Prasad, Narasimha S. 1 Hodson, Wade D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 488, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 79 Issue 12, p1240; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing -- Digital techniques; Subject Term: SONAR; Subject Term: PERSONAL computers; Subject Term: LOUDSPEAKERS; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1119/1.3643704
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69722103&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nicholson, Wayne L.
AU  - Ricco, Antonio J.
AU  - Agasid, Elwood
AU  - Beasley, Christopher
AU  - Diaz-Aguado, Millan
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Friedericks, Charles
AU  - Ghassemieh, Shakib
AU  - Henschke, Michael
AU  - Hines, John W.
AU  - Kitts, Christopher
AU  - Luzzi, Ed
AU  - Ly, Diana
AU  - Mai, Nghia
AU  - Mancinelli, Rocco
AU  - McIntyre, Michael
AU  - Minelli, Giovanni
AU  - Neumann, Michael
AU  - Parra, Macarena
AU  - Piccini, Matthew
T1  - The O/OREOS Mission: First Science Data from the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) Payload.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 951
EP  - 958
SN  - 15311074
AB  - We report the first telemetered spaceflight science results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment, executed by one of the two 10 cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5 kg Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) free-flying nanosatellite. The O/OREOS spacecraft was launched successfully to a 72° inclination, 650 km Earth orbit on 19 November 2010. This satellite provides access to the radiation environment of space in relatively weak regions of Earth's protective magnetosphere as it passes close to the north and south magnetic poles; the total dose rate is about 15 times that in the orbit of the International Space Station. The SESLO experiment measures the long-term survival, germination, and growth responses, including metabolic activity, of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to the microgravity, ionizing radiation, and heavy-ion bombardment of its high-inclination orbit. Six microwells containing wild-type (168) and six more containing radiation-sensitive mutant (WN1087) strains of dried B. subtilis spores were rehydrated with nutrient medium after 14 days in space to allow the spores to germinate and grow. Similarly, the same distribution of organisms in a different set of microwells was rehydrated with nutrient medium after 97 days in space. The nutrient medium included the redox dye Alamar blue, which changes color in response to cellular metabolic activity. Three-color transmitted intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each of the 48 h growth experiments. We report here on the evaluation and interpretation of these spaceflight data in comparison to delayed-synchronous laboratory ground control experiments. Key Words: Astrobiology- Bacillus subtilis-Germination-Low Earth orbit-Microfluidics-Nanosatellite-O/OREOS-Spores. Astrobiology 11, 951-958. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSPACE
KW  - TELEMETER
KW  - GEOPHYSICAL instruments
KW  - NANOSATELLITES
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERE
KW  - IONIZING radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 90251769; Nicholson, Wayne L. 1 Ricco, Antonio J. 2 Agasid, Elwood 2 Beasley, Christopher 2 Diaz-Aguado, Millan 2 Ehrenfreund, Pascale 3 Friedericks, Charles 2 Ghassemieh, Shakib 2 Henschke, Michael 2 Hines, John W. 2 Kitts, Christopher 4 Luzzi, Ed 2 Ly, Diana 2 Mai, Nghia 2 Mancinelli, Rocco 4 McIntyre, Michael 2 Minelli, Giovanni 2 Neumann, Michael 5 Parra, Macarena 2 Piccini, Matthew 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Florida, Kennedy Space Center, Florida.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  3: Space Policy Institute, Washington DC.  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California.  5: Robotic Systems Laboratory, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California.; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p951; Subject Term: HYPERSPACE; Subject Term: TELEMETER; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICAL instruments; Subject Term: NANOSATELLITES; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERE; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0714
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251769&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Méndez, Abel
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - von Paris, Philip
AU  - Turse, Carol
AU  - Boyer, Grayson
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - António, Marina Resendes de Sousa
AU  - Catling, David
AU  - Irwin, Louis N.
T1  - A Two-Tiered Approach to Assessing the Habitability of Exoplanets.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1041
EP  - 1052
SN  - 15311074
AB  - In the next few years, the number of catalogued exoplanets will be counted in the thousands. This will vastly expand the number of potentially habitable worlds and lead to a systematic assessment of their astrobiological potential. Here, we suggest a two-tiered classification scheme of exoplanet habitability. The first tier consists of an Earth Similarity Index (ESI), which allows worlds to be screened with regard to their similarity to Earth, the only known inhabited planet at this time. The ESI is based on data available or potentially available for most exoplanets such as mass, radius, and temperature. For the second tier of the classification scheme we propose a Planetary Habitability Index (PHI) based on the presence of a stable substrate, available energy, appropriate chemistry, and the potential for holding a liquid solvent. The PHI has been designed to minimize the biased search for life as we know it and to take into account life that might exist under more exotic conditions. As such, the PHI requires more detailed knowledge than is available for any exoplanet at this time. However, future missions such as the Terrestrial Planet Finder will collect this information and advance the PHI. Both indices are formulated in a way that enables their values to be updated as technology and our knowledge about habitable planets, moons, and life advances. Applying the proposed metrics to bodies within our Solar System for comparison reveals two planets in the Gliese 581 system, GJ 581 c and d, with an ESI comparable to that of Mars and a PHI between that of Europa and Enceladus. Key Words: Habitability-Exoplanets-Index-Earth similarity-Complexity-Life. Astrobiology 11, 1041-1052. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 90251771; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 1,2 Méndez, Abel 3 Fairén, Alberto G. 4 von Paris, Philip 2 Turse, Carol 1 Boyer, Grayson 5 Davila, Alfonso F. 4 António, Marina Resendes de Sousa 1 Catling, David 6 Irwin, Louis N. 7; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.  2: Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany.  3: Planetary Habitability Laboratory, University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, Arecibo, Puerto Rico, USA.  4: SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.  6: Department of Earth and Space Sciences/Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.  7: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA.; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 11 Issue 10, p1041; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2010.0592
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251771&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jiang, C.
AU  - Jiang, B. W.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Frandsen, S.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Karoff, C.
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - Demarque, P.
AU  - Fanelli, M. N.
AU  - Kinemuchi, K.
AU  - Mullally, F.
T1  - MODELING KEPLER OBSERVATIONS OF SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS IN THE RED GIANT STAR HD 186355.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 742
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have analyzed oscillations of the red giant star HD 186355 observed by the NASA Kepler satellite. The data consist of the first five quarters of science operations of Kepler, which cover about 13 months. The high-precision time-series data allow us to accurately extract the oscillation frequencies from the power spectrum. We find that the frequency of the maximum oscillation power, vmax, and the mean large frequency separation, Δv, are around 106 and 9.4 µHz, respectively. A regular pattern of radial and non-radial oscillation modes is identified by stacking the power spectra in an echelle diagram. We use the scaling relations of Δv and vmax to estimate the preliminary asteroseismic mass, which is confirmed with the modeling result (M = 1.45 ± 0.05 M⊙) using the Yale Rotating stellar Evolution Code (YREC7). In addition, we constrain the effective temperature, luminosity, and radius from comparisons between observational constraints and models. A number of mixed 1 = 1 modes are also detected and taken into account in our model comparisons. We find a mean observational period spacing for these mixed modes of about 58 s, suggesting that this red giant branch star is in the shell hydrogen-burning phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - RED giants
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual (HD 186355)
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - stars: solar-type
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 70275053; Jiang, C. 1; Email Address: jiangchen@mail.bnu.edu.cn Jiang, B. W. 1 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 2 Bedding, T. R. 3 Stello, D. 3 Huber, D. 3 Frandsen, S. 2 Kjeldsen, H. 2 Karoff, C. 2 Mosser, B. 4 Demarque, P. 5 Fanelli, M. N. 6 Kinemuchi, K. 6 Mullally, F. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SUA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  4: LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon, France  5: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 742 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (HD 186355); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: solar-type; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/120
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70275053&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Schiro, Kathleen
AU  - Lowenstein, Max
AU  - Sheffner, Edwin J.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Tadić, Jovan M.
AU  - Kuze, Akihiko
T1  - Carbon Dioxide and Methane at a Desert Site--A Case Study at Railroad Valley Playa, Nevada, USA.
JO  - Atmosphere
JF  - Atmosphere
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 702
EP  - 714
AB  - Ground based in-situ measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) at the dry lakebed at Railroad Valley (RRV) playa, Nevada, USA (38°30.234' N, 115°41.604' W, elevation 1437 m) were conducted over a five day period from 20-25 June 2010. The playa is a flat, desert site with virtually no vegetation, an overall size of 15 km x 15 km and is approximately 110 km south-west of the nearest city, Ely (elevation 1962 m, inhabitants 4000). The measurements were taken in support of the vicarious calibration experiment to validate column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4) retrieved from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) which was launched in January 2009. This work reports on ground-based in-situ measurements of CO2 and CH4 from RRV playa and describes comparisons made between in-situ data and XCO2 and XCH4 from GOSAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmosphere is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - METHANE
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
KW  - NEVADA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - CH4
KW  - CO2
KW  - playa
N1  - Accession Number: 70088929; Yates, Emma L. 1; Email Address: emma.l.yates@nasa.gov Schiro, Kathleen 1,2; Email Address: kschiro@ucla.edu Lowenstein, Max 1; Email Address: max.loewenstein@nasa.gov Sheffner, Edwin J. 1; Email Address: edwin.j.sheffner@nasa.gov Iraci, Laura T. 1; Email Address: laura.t.iraci@nasa.gov Tadić, Jovan M. 1; Email Address: jovan.tadic@nasa.gov Kuze, Akihiko 3; Email Address: kuze.akihiko@jaxa.jp; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  3: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 2 Issue 4, p702; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Subject Term: NEVADA; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH4; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: playa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/atmos2040702
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70088929&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Robert
AU  - Glaze, Lori
AU  - Baloga, Stephen M.
T1  - Constraints on determining the eruption style and composition of terrestrial lavas from space.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 39
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1130
SN  - 00917613
AB  - The surface temperatures of active lavas relate to cooling rates, chemistry, and eruption style. We analyzed 61 hyperspectral satellite images acquired by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion imaging spectrometer to document the surface temperature distributions of active lavas erupted at 13 volcanoes. Images were selected to encompass the range of common lava eruption styles, specifically, lava fountains, flows, lakes, and domes. Our results reveal temperature distributions for terrestrial lavas that correlate with composition (i.e., a statistically significant difference in the highest temperatures retrieved for mafic lavas and intermediate and felsic lavas) and eruption style. Maximum temperatures observed for mafic lavas are ~200 °C higher than for intermediate and felsic lavas. All eruption styles exhibit a low-temperature mode at ~300 °C; lava fountains and 'a' ā f lows also exhibit a higher-temperature mode at ~700 °C. The observed differences between the temperatures are consistent with the contrasting rates at which the lava surfaces are thermally renewed. Eruption styles that allow persistent and pervasive thermal renewal of the lava surface (e.g., fractured crusts on channel-fed 'a' ā f lows) exhibit a bimodal temperature distribution; eruption styles that do not (e.g., the continuous skin of pāhoehoe lavas) exhibit a single mode. We conclude that insights into composition and eruption style can only be gained remotely by analyzing a large spatio-temporal sample of data. This has implications for determining composition and eruption style at the Jovian moon Io, for which no in situ validation is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAVA
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - VOLCANOES
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - TEMPERATURE distribution
KW  - IO (Satellite) -- Volcanism
KW  - IO (Satellite) -- Geology
KW  - IO (Satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 70066431; Wright, Robert 1; Email Address: wright@higp.hawaii.edu Glaze, Lori 2 Baloga, Stephen M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Māoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  3: Proxemy Research Inc., 20528 Farcroft Lane, Gaithersberg, Maryland 20882, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 39 Issue 12, p1127; Subject Term: LAVA; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: VOLCANOES; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE distribution; Subject Term: IO (Satellite) -- Volcanism; Subject Term: IO (Satellite) -- Geology; Subject Term: IO (Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G32341.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70066431&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kondrachuk, A.
AU  - Shipov, A.
AU  - Astakhova, T.
AU  - Boyle, R.
T1  - Current trends in mathematical simulation of the function of semicircular canals.
JO  - Human Physiology
JF  - Human Physiology
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 802
EP  - 809
SN  - 03621197
AB  - The review covers new trends in the simulation of the processes associated with the functioning of the semicircular canal (SC) system, i.e., the component of the vestibular apparatus responsible for the detection of angular movement of the head. The basic factor determining these trends is an increasing role of computers both in the research of mathematical models and in the direct simulation (imitation) of the SC structure, processes proceeding in SCs and conditions of the experiment. As shown by the analysis of the literature, at present, it is possible to distinguish the following trends in the development of SC simulation: (1) reconstruction models; (2) micro-simulation; (3) integrated models; (4) simulation models; (5) alternative models of SC functioning. Examples are given of publications presenting the present-day research in these fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Human Physiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL statistics
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM (Physiology)
KW  - MATHEMATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 69867838; Kondrachuk, A. 1 Shipov, A. 2 Astakhova, T. 3 Boyle, R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev Ukraine  2: Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Russia  3: Department of Mechanics and Mathematics, Moscow State University, Moscow Russia  4: BioVis Technology Center NASA/Ames Research Center, San Francisco USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 37 Issue 7, p802; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL statistics; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM (Physiology); Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1134/S0362119711070164
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69867838&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ding, Bolin
AU  - Zhao, Bo
AU  - Lin, Cindy Xide
AU  - Han, Jiawei
AU  - Zhai, Chengxiang
AU  - Srivastava, Asok
AU  - Oza, Nikunj C.
T1  - Efficient Keyword-Based Search for Top-K Cells in Text Cube.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 23
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1810
SN  - 10414347
AB  - Previous studies on supporting free-form keyword queries over RDBMSs provide users with linked structures (e.g., a set of joined tuples) that are relevant to a given keyword query. Most of them focus on ranking individual tuples from one table or joins of multiple tables containing a set of keywords. In this paper, we study the problem of keyword search in a data cube with text-rich dimension(s) (so-called text cube). The text cube is built on a multidimensional text database, where each row is associated with some text data (a document) and other structural dimensions (attributes). A cell in the text cube aggregates a set of documents with matching attribute values in a subset of dimensions. We define a keyword-based query language and an IR-style relevance model for scoring/ranking cells in the text cube. Given a keyword query, our goal is to find the top-k most relevant cells. We propose four approaches: inverted-index one-scan, document sorted-scan, bottom-up dynamic programming, and search-space ordering. The search-space ordering algorithm explores only a small portion of the text cube for finding the top-k answers, and enables early termination. Extensive experimental studies are conducted to verify the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KEYWORD searching
KW  - QUERY languages (Computer science)
KW  - RELATIONAL databases
KW  - DYNAMIC programming
KW  - TEXT files
KW  - INDEXES
KW  - DATA modeling
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - data cube
KW  - Data models
KW  - Indexes
KW  - Information retrieval
KW  - Keyword search
KW  - multidimensional text data
KW  - Portable computers
KW  - Text analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 66816157; Ding, Bolin 1 Zhao, Bo 1 Lin, Cindy Xide 1 Han, Jiawei 1 Zhai, Chengxiang 1 Srivastava, Asok 2 Oza, Nikunj C. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 23 Issue 12, p1795; Subject Term: KEYWORD searching; Subject Term: QUERY languages (Computer science); Subject Term: RELATIONAL databases; Subject Term: DYNAMIC programming; Subject Term: TEXT files; Subject Term: INDEXES; Subject Term: DATA modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: data cube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indexes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Keyword search; Author-Supplied Keyword: multidimensional text data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Portable computers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Text analysis; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TKDE.2011.34
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66816157&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolic, M.
AU  - Popovic, S.
AU  - Vusˇkovic, L.
AU  - Herring, G. C.
AU  - Exton, R. J.
T1  - Electron density measurements in a pulse-repetitive microwave discharge in air.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 110
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 113304
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We have developed a technique for absolute measurements of electron density in pulse-repetitive microwave discharges in air. The technique is based on the time-resolved absolute intensity of a nitrogen spectral band belonging to the Second Positive System, the kinetic model and the detailed particle balance of the N2C3Πu (ν = 0) state. This new approach bridges the gap between two existing electron density measurement methods (Langmuir probe and Stark broadening). The electron density is obtained from the time-dependent rate equation for the population of N2C3Πu (ν = 0) using recorded waveforms of the absolute C3Πu → B3Πg (0-0) band intensity, the forward and reflected microwave power density. Measured electron density waveforms using numerical and approximated analytical methods are presented for the case of pulse repetitive planar surface microwave discharge at the aperture of a horn antenna covered with alumina ceramic plate. The discharge was generated in air at 11.8 Torr with a X-band microwave generator using 3.5 μs microwave pulses at peak power of 210 kW. In this case, we were able to time resolve the electron density within a single 3.5 μs pulse. We obtained (9.0 ± 0.6) × 1013 cm-3 for the peak and (5.0 ± 0.6) × 1013 cm-3 for the pulse-average electron density. The technique presents a convenient, non-intrusive diagnostic method for local, time-defined measurements of electron density in short duration discharges near atmospheric pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON distribution
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 69702945; Nikolic, M. 1 Popovic, S. 1 Vusˇkovic, L. 1 Herring, G. C. 2 Exton, R. J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Center for Accelerator Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 110 Issue 11, p113304; Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3665195
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69702945&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Banks, H. T.
AU  - Cioranescu, D.
AU  - Criner, A. K.
AU  - Winfree, W. P.
T1  - Parameter estimation for the heat equation on perforated domains.
JO  - Journal of Inverse & Ill-Posed Problems
JF  - Journal of Inverse & Ill-Posed Problems
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 19
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 825
EP  - 857
SN  - 09280219
AB  - In this effort we investigate the behavior of a model derived from homogenization theory as the model solution in parameter estimation procedures for simulated data for heat flow in a porous medium. We consider data simulated from a model on a perforated domain with isotropic flow and data simulated from a model on a homogeneous domain with anisotropic flow. We report on both ordinary and generalized least squares parameter estimation procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Inverse & Ill-Posed Problems is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - PERFORATED structural members
KW  - HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations)
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - generalized least squares
KW  - homogenization
KW  - Inverse problems
KW  - ordinary least squares
KW  - parameter estimation
KW  - perforated domains
KW  - thermal diffusion
N1  - Accession Number: 67463096; Banks, H. T. 1 Cioranescu, D. 2 Criner, A. K. 1 Winfree, W. P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Research in Scientific Computation, Department of Mathematics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8212, USA.  2: Laboratoire J. L. Lions, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 175 rue du Chevaleret, 75005 Paris, France.  3: Nondestructive Evaluation Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p825; Subject Term: HEAT equation; Subject Term: PERFORATED structural members; Subject Term: HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations); Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: generalized least squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: homogenization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: ordinary least squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: parameter estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: perforated domains; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal diffusion; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1515/JIIP.2011.051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67463096&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FAIRÉN, Alberto G.
AU  - DOHM, James M.
AU  - BAKER, Victor R.
AU  - THOMPSON, Shane D.
AU  - MAHANEY, William C.
AU  - HERKENHOFF, Kenneth E.
AU  - RODRÍGUEZ, J. Alexis P.
AU  - DAVILA, Alfonso F.
AU  - SCHULZE-MAKUCH, Dirk
AU  - EL MAARRY, M. Ramy
AU  - UCEDA, Esther R.
AU  - AMILS, Ricardo
AU  - MIYAMOTO, Hirdy
AU  - KIM, Kyeong J.
AU  - ANDERSON, Robert C.
AU  - McKAY, Christopher P.
T1  - Meteorites at Meridiani Planum provide evidence for significant amounts of surface and near-surface water on early Mars.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 46
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1832
EP  - 1841
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - Six large iron meteorites have been discovered in the Meridiani Planum region of Mars by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity in a nearly 25 km-long traverse. Herein, we review and synthesize the available data to propose that the discovery and characteristics of the six meteorites could be explained as the result of their impact into a soft and wet surface, sometime during the Noachian or the Hesperian, subsequently to be exposed at the Martian surface through differential erosion. As recorded by its sediments and chemical deposits, Meridiani has been interpreted to have undergone a watery past, including a shallow sea, a playa, an environment of fluctuating ground water, and/or an icy landscape. Meteorites could have been encased upon impact and/or subsequently buried, and kept underground for a long time, shielded from the atmosphere. The meteorites apparently underwent significant chemical weathering due to aqueous alteration, as indicated by cavernous features that suggest differential acidic corrosion removing less resistant material and softer inclusions. During the Amazonian, the almost complete disappearance of surface water and desiccation of the landscape, followed by induration of the sediments and subsequent differential erosion and degradation of Meridiani sediments, including at least 10-80 m of deflation in the last 3-3.5 Gy, would have exposed the buried meteorites. We conclude that the iron meteorites support the hypothesis that Mars once had a denser atmosphere and considerable amounts of water and/or water ice at and/or near the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - PETROLEUM industry
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - IRON meteorites
KW  - WATER
N1  - Accession Number: 67671959; FAIRÉN, Alberto G. 1,2 DOHM, James M. 3 BAKER, Victor R. 3 THOMPSON, Shane D. 4 MAHANEY, William C. 5 HERKENHOFF, Kenneth E. 6 RODRÍGUEZ, J. Alexis P. 7 DAVILA, Alfonso F. 1,2 SCHULZE-MAKUCH, Dirk 8 EL MAARRY, M. Ramy 9 UCEDA, Esther R. 2 AMILS, Ricardo 10 MIYAMOTO, Hirdy 11 KIM, Kyeong J. 12 ANDERSON, Robert C. 13 McKAY, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 N Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA  4: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA  5: Quaternary Surveys, 26 Thornhill Ave., Thornhill, Ontario, Canada, L4J 1J4  6: Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86001, USA  7: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA  8: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, USA  9: Max-Planck Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  10: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Ctra. Ajalvir km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850, Madrid, Spain  11: The Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan  12: Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, Korea  13: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 46 Issue 12, p1832; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: PETROLEUM industry; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: IRON meteorites; Subject Term: WATER; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324199 All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 412110 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454311 Heating oil dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424720 Petroleum and Petroleum Products Merchant Wholesalers (except Bulk Stations and Terminals); NAICS/Industry Codes: 486110 Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2011.01297.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67671959&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Joel F.
AU  - Prasad, Narasimha S.
AU  - Flood, Michael A.
T1  - Pseudorandom noise code-based technique for thin-cloud discrimination with CO2 and O2 absorption measurements.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 50
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 00913286
AB  - NASA Langley Research Center is working on a continuous wave (cw) laser-based remote sensing scheme for the detection of CO2 and O2 from space-based platforms suitable for an active sensing of CO2 emissions over nights, days, and seasons (ASCENDS) mission. ASCENDS is a future space-based mission to determine the global distribution of sources and sinks of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). A unique, multifrequency, intensity modulated cw laser absorption spectrometer operating at 1.57 μm for CO2 sensing has been developed. Effective aerosol and cloud discrimination techniques are being investigated in order to determine concentration values with accuracies less than 0.3%. In this paper, we discuss the demonstration of a pseudonoise code-based technique for cloud and aerosol discrimination applications. The possibility of using maximum length sequences for range and absorption measurements is investigated. A simple model for accomplishing this objective is formulated. Proof-of-concept experiments carried out using a sonar-based LIDAR simulator that was built using simple audio hardware provided promising results for extension into optical wavelengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT absorption
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - CONTINUOUS wave lasers
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 98630583; Campbell, Joel F. 1; Email Address: joel.f.campbell@nasa.gov Prasad, Narasimha S. 1 Flood, Michael A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 5 N. Dryden Street, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 50 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: LIGHT absorption; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: CONTINUOUS wave lasers; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1117/1.3658758
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98630583&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valentini, Paolo
AU  - Schwartzentruber, Thomas E.
AU  - Cozmuta, Ioana
T1  - ReaxFF Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulation of adsorption and dissociation of oxygen on platinum (111)
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2011/12//
VL  - 605
IS  - 23/24
M3  - Article
SP  - 1941
EP  - 1950
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: Atomic-level Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations equipped with a reactive force field (ReaxFF) are used to study atomic oxygen adsorption on a Pt(111) surface. The off-lattice GCMC calculations presented here rely solely on the interatomic potential and do not necessitate the pre-computation of surface adlayer structures and their interpolation. As such, they provide a predictive description of adsorbate phases. In this study, validation is obtained with experimental evidence (steric heats of adsorption and isotherms) as well as DFT-based state diagrams available in the literature. The ReaxFF computed steric heats of adsorption agree well with experimental data, and this study clearly shows that indirect dissociative adsorption of O2 on Pt(111) is an activated process at non-zero coverages, with an activation energy that monotonically increases with coverage. At a coverage of 0.25ML, a highly ordered p(2×2) adlayer is found, in agreement with several low-energy electron diffraction observations. Isotherms obtained from the GCMC simulations compare qualitatively and quantitatively well with previous DFT-based state diagrams, but are in disagreement with the experimental data sets available. ReaxFF GCMC simulations at very high coverages show that O atoms prefer to bind in fcc hollow sites, at least up to 0.8ML considered in the present work. At moderate coverages, little to no disorder appears in the Pt lattice. At high coverages, some Pt atoms markedly protrude out of the surface plane. This observation is in qualitative agreement with recent STM images of an oxygen covered Pt surface. The use of the GCMC technique based on a transferable potential is particularly valuable to produce more realistic systems (adsorbent and adsorbate) to be used in subsequent dynamical simulations (Molecular Dynamics) to address recombination reactions (via either Eley–Rideal or Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanisms) on variously covered surfaces. By using GCMC and Molecular Dynamics simulations, the ReaxFF force field can be a valuable tool for understanding heterogeneous catalysis on a solid surface. Finally, the use of a reactive potential is a necessary requirement to investigate problems where dissociative adsorption occurs, as typical of many important catalytic processes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - HETEROGENEOUS catalysis
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - PLATINUM
KW  - CHEMISTRY experiments
KW  - Grand Canonical Monte Carlo
KW  - Heterogeneous catalysis
KW  - Reactive force field
N1  - Accession Number: 66228234; Valentini, Paolo 1; Email Address: vale@aem.umn.edu Schwartzentruber, Thomas E. 1; Email Address: schwartz@aem.umn.edu Cozmuta, Ioana 2; Email Address: ioana.cozmuta@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, College of Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  2: ERC Incorporated, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 605 Issue 23/24, p1941; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: HETEROGENEOUS catalysis; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: PLATINUM; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grand Canonical Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heterogeneous catalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive force field; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2011.07.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vahidinia, S.
AU  - Cuzzi, J.
AU  - Draine, B.
AU  - Marouf, E.
T1  - RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN CLOSELY PACKED REALISTIC REGOLITHS.
JO  - AAPP | Physical, Mathematical & Natural Sciences / Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali
JF  - AAPP | Physical, Mathematical & Natural Sciences / Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali
Y1  - 2011/12/02/Dec2011 Supplement
VL  - 89
IS  - S1
M3  - Article
SP  - 089-1
EP  - 089-4
SN  - 03650359
AB  - We have developed a regolith radiative transfer model (RRT) based on a first-principles approach to regolith modeling that is essential for near-to-far infrared observations of grainy surfaces, and is readily configured to answer fundamental questions about popular models with which all remote observations of all airless solar system bodies with granular surfaces are currently interpreted. Our model accounts for wavelength-size regolith particles which are closely packed and can be heterogeneous in composition and arbitrarily shaped. Here we present preliminary results showing the role of porosity on layer reflectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AAPP | Physical, Mathematical & Natural Sciences / Atti della Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti - Classe di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Naturali is the property of Accademia Peloritana dei Pericolanti and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - POROSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 71856660; Vahidinia, S. 1,2; Email Address: svahidinia@nasa.gov Cuzzi, J. 2 Draine, B. 3 Marouf, E. 4; Affiliation:  1: ORAU-NASA postdoctoral Associate, Moffett Field, USA  2: NASA AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, USA  3: Princeton University, USA  4: San Jose State University, USA; Source Info: Dec2011 Supplement, Vol. 89 Issue S1, p089-1; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: POROSITY; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1478/C1V89S1P089
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
AU  - Crawford, T. Daniel
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants from quartic force fields for cis-HOCO: The radical and the anion.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2011/12/07/
VL  - 135
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 214303
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The use of accurate quartic force fields together with vibrational configuration interaction recently predicted gas phase fundamental vibrational frequencies of the trans-HOCO radical to within 4 cm-1 of experimental results for the two highest frequency modes. Utilizing the same approach, we are providing a full list of fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants for the cis-HOCO system in both radical and anionic forms. Our predicted geometrical parameters of the cis-HOCO radical match experiment and previous computation to better than 1% deviation, and previous theoretical work agrees equally well for the anion. Correspondence between vibrational perturbation theory and variational vibrational configuration interaction for prediction of the frequencies of each mode is strong, better than 5 cm-1, except for the torsional motion, similar to what has been previously identified in the trans-HOCO radical. Among other considerations, our results are immediately applicable to dissociative photodetachment experiments which initially draw on the cis-HOCO anion since it is the most stable conformer of the anion and is used to gain insight into the portion of the OH + CO potential surface where the HOCO radical is believed to form, and we are also providing highly accurate electron binding energies relevant to these experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - PHYSICAL constants
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
KW  - VARIATIONAL principles
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry)
KW  - TORSIONAL vibration
KW  - SURFACE potential
N1  - Accession Number: 67729876; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2 Francisco, Joseph S. 3 Crawford, T. Daniel 1 Lee, Timothy J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061,  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  3: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Source Info: 12/7/2011, Vol. 135 Issue 21, p214303; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: PHYSICAL constants; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Subject Term: VARIATIONAL principles; Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry); Subject Term: TORSIONAL vibration; Subject Term: SURFACE potential; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3663615
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cushing, Michael C.
AU  - Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
AU  - Gelino, Christopher R.
AU  - Griffith, Roger L.
AU  - Skrutskie, Michael F.
AU  - Mainzer, A.
AU  - Marsh, Kenneth A.
AU  - Beichman, Charles A.
AU  - Burgasser, Adam J.
AU  - Prato, Lisa A.
AU  - Simcoe, Robert A.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Saumon, D.
AU  - Freedman, Richard S.
AU  - Eisenhardt, Peter R.
AU  - Wright, Edward L.
T1  - THE DISCOVERY OF Y DWARFS USING DATA FROM THE WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER (WISE).
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/12/10/
VL  - 743
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery of seven ultracool brown dwarfs identified with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Near-infrared spectroscopy reveals deep absorption bands of H2O and CH4 that indicate all seven of the brown dwarfs have spectral types later than UGPS J072227.51-054031.2, the latest-type T dwarf currently known. The spectrum of WISEP J182831.08+265037.8 is distinct in that the heights of the J- and H-band peaks are approximately equal in units of fλ, so we identify it as the archetypal member of the Y spectral class. The spectra of at least two of the other brown dwarfs exhibit absorption on the blue wing of the H-band peak that we tentatively ascribe to NH3. These spectral morphological changes provide a clear transition between the T dwarfs and the Y dwarfs. In order to produce a smooth near-infrared spectral sequence across the T/Y dwarf transition, we have reclassified UGPS 0722-05 as the T9 spectral standard and tentatively assign WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 as the YO spectral standard. In total, six of the seven new brown dwarfs are classified as Y dwarfs: four are classified as Y0, one is classified as Y0 (pec?), and WISEP J1828+2650 is classified as >Y0. We have also compared the spectra to the model atmospheres of Marley and Saumon and infer that the brown dwarfs have effective temperatures ranging from 300 K to 500 K, making them the coldest spectroscopically confirmed brown dwarfs known to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - stars: individual (UGPS J072227.51-054031.2, WISEPC J014807.25-720258.8, WISEP J041022.71 + 150248.5, WISEPC J140518.40+553421.5, WISEP J154151.65-225025.2, WISEP J173835.52+273258.9
KW  - stars: low-mass
N1  - Accession Number: 70320359; Cushing, Michael C. 1; Email Address: michael.cushing@gmail.com Kirkpatrick, J. Davy 2 Gelino, Christopher R. 2 Griffith, Roger L. 2 Skrutskie, Michael F. 3 Mainzer, A. 1 Marsh, Kenneth A. 2 Beichman, Charles A. 2 Burgasser, Adam J. 4,5 Prato, Lisa A. 6 Simcoe, Robert A. 5 Marley, Mark S. 7 Saumon, D. 8 Freedman, Richard S. 7 Eisenhardt, Peter R. 1 Wright, Edward L. 9; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 321-520, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  4: Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  5: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Building 37, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 254-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 743 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (UGPS J072227.51-054031.2, WISEPC J014807.25-720258.8, WISEP J041022.71 + 150248.5, WISEPC J140518.40+553421.5, WISEP J154151.65-225025.2, WISEP J173835.52+273258.9; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/743/1/50
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D’Allura, Alessio
AU  - Kulkarni, Sarika
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - Finardi, Sandro
AU  - Adhikary, Bhupesh
AU  - Wei, Chao
AU  - Streets, David
AU  - Zhang, Qiang
AU  - Pierce, Robert B.
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim A.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Wennberg, Paul
T1  - Meteorological and air quality forecasting using the WRF–STEM model during the 2008 ARCTAS field campaign
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/12/11/
VL  - 45
IS  - 38
M3  - Article
SP  - 6901
EP  - 6910
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: In this study, the University of Iowa’s Chemical Weather Forecasting System comprising meteorological predictions using the WRF model, and off-line chemical weather predictions using tracer and full chemistry versions of the STEM model, designed to support the flight planning during the ARCTAS 2008 mission is described and evaluated. The system includes tracers representing biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions from different geographical emissions source regions, as well as air mass age indicators. We demonstrate how this forecasting system was used in flight planning and in the interpretation of the experimental data obtained through the case study of the summer mission ARCTAS DC-8 flight executed on July 9 2008 that sampled near the North Pole. The comparison of predicted meteorological variables including temperature, pressure, wind speed and wind direction against the flight observations shows that the WRF model is able to correctly describe the synoptic circulation and cloud coverage in the Arctic region The absolute values of predicted CO match the measured CO closely suggesting that the STEM model is able to capture the variability in observations within the Arctic region. The time–altitude cross sections of source region tagged CO tracers along the flight track helped in identifying biomass burning (from North Asia) and anthropogenic (largely China) as major sources contributing to the observed CO along this flight. The difference between forecast and post analysis biomass burning emissions can lead to significant changes (∼10–50%) in primary CO predictions reflecting the large uncertainty associated with biomass burning estimates and the need to reduce this uncertainty for effective flight planning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - NORTH Pole
KW  - Air quality forecasting
KW  - ARCTAS
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Chemical weather
N1  - Accession Number: 67113416; D’Allura, Alessio 1; Email Address: a.dallura@aria-net.it Kulkarni, Sarika 2 Carmichael, Gregory R. 2 Finardi, Sandro 1 Adhikary, Bhupesh 2 Wei, Chao 2 Streets, David 3 Zhang, Qiang 3 Pierce, Robert B. 4 Al-Saadi, Jassim A. 5 Diskin, Glenn 5 Wennberg, Paul 6; Affiliation:  1: ARIANET, via Gilino 9, 20128 Milan, Italy  2: The University of Iowa, Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, Iowa City, IA, USA  3: Argonne National Laboratory, DIS/900, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, IL 60439, USA  4: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 45 Issue 38, p6901; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: WIND speed; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: NORTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARCTAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical weather; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.02.073
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tibbs, C. T.
AU  - Flagey, N.
AU  - Paladini, R.
AU  - Compiègne, M.
AU  - Shenoy, S.
AU  - Carey, S.
AU  - Noriega-Crespo, A.
AU  - Dickinson, C.
AU  - Ali-Haïmoud, Y.
AU  - Casassus, S.
AU  - Cleary, K.
AU  - Davies, R. D.
AU  - Davis, R. J.
AU  - Hirata, C. M.
AU  - Watson, R. A.
T1  - Spitzer characterization of dust in an anomalous emission region: the Perseus cloud.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2011/12/11/
VL  - 418
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1889
EP  - 1900
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT Anomalous microwave emission is known to exist in the Perseus cloud. One of the most promising candidates to explain this excess of emission is electric dipole radiation from rapidly rotating very small dust grains, commonly referred to as spinning dust. Photometric data obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope have been reprocessed and used in conjunction with the dust emission model dustem to characterize the properties of the dust within the cloud. This analysis has allowed us to constrain spatial variations in the strength of the interstellar radiation field (χISRF), the mass abundances of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the very small grains (VSGs) relative to the big grains ( YPAH and YVSG), the column density of hydrogen ( NH) and the equilibrium dust temperature ( Tdust). The parameter maps of YPAH, YVSG and χISRF are the first of their kind to be produced for the Perseus cloud, and we used these maps to investigate the physical conditions in which anomalous emission is observed. We find that in regions of anomalous emission the strength of the ISRF, and consequently the equilibrium temperature of the dust, is enhanced while there is no significant variation in the abundances of the PAHs and the VSGs or the column density of hydrogen. We interpret these results as an indication that the enhancement in χISRF might be affecting the properties of the small stochastically heated dust grains resulting in an increase in the spinning dust emission observed at 33 GHz. This is the first time that such an investigation has been performed, and we believe that this type of analysis creates a new perspective in the field of anomalous emission studies, and represents a powerful new tool for constraining spinning dust models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC abundances
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - DUST
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
N1  - Accession Number: 67671745; Tibbs, C. T. 1,2 Flagey, N. 2,3 Paladini, R. 2 Compiègne, M. 2 Shenoy, S. 4 Carey, S. 2 Noriega-Crespo, A. 2 Dickinson, C. 1 Ali-Haïmoud, Y. 5 Casassus, S. 6 Cleary, K. 5 Davies, R. D. 1 Davis, R. J. 1 Hirata, C. M. 5 Watson, R. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL  2: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, M/S 220-6, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 418 Issue 3, p1889; Subject Term: COSMIC abundances; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19605.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lazio, T. Joseph W.
AU  - MacDowall, R.J.
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
AU  - Jones, D.L.
AU  - Weiler, K.W.
AU  - Demaio, L.
AU  - Cohen, A.
AU  - Paravastu Dalal, N.
AU  - Polisensky, E.
AU  - Stewart, K.
AU  - Bale, S.
AU  - Gopalswamy, N.
AU  - Kaiser, M.
AU  - Kasper, J.
T1  - The Radio Observatory on the Lunar Surface for Solar studies
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/12/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1942
EP  - 1957
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The Radio Observatory on the Lunar Surface for Solar studies (ROLSS) is a concept for a near-side low radio frequency imaging interferometric array designed to study particle acceleration at the Sun and in the inner heliosphere. The prime science mission is to image the radio emission generated by Type II and III solar radio burst processes with the aim of determining the sites at and mechanisms by which the radiating particles are accelerated. Specific questions to be addressed include the following: (1) Isolating the sites of electron acceleration responsible for Type II and III solar radio bursts during coronal mass ejections (CMEs); and (2) Determining if and the mechanism(s) by which multiple, successive CMEs produce unusually efficient particle acceleration and intense radio emission. Secondary science goals include constraining the density of the lunar ionosphere by searching for a low radio frequency cutoff to solar radio emission and constraining the low energy electron population in astrophysical sources. Key design requirements on ROLSS include the operational frequency and angular resolution. The electron densities in the solar corona and inner heliosphere are such that the relevant emission occurs at frequencies below 10MHz. Second, resolving the potential sites of particle acceleration requires an instrument with an angular resolution of at least 2°, equivalent to a linear array size of approximately 1000m. Operations would consist of data acquisition during the lunar day, with regular data downlinks. No operations would occur during lunar night. ROLSS is envisioned as an interferometric array, because a single aperture would be impractically large. The major components of the ROLSS array are 3 antenna arms arranged in a Y shape, with a central electronics package (CEP) located at the center. The Y configuration for the antenna arms both allows for the formation of reasonably high dynamic range images on short time scales as well as relatively easy deployment. Each antenna arm is a linear strip of polyimide film (e.g., Kapton™) on which 16 science antennas are located by depositing a conductor (e.g., silver). The antenna arms can be rolled for transport, with deployment consisting of unrolling the rolls. Each science antenna is a single polarization dipole. The arms also contain transmission lines for carrying the radio signals from the science antennas to the CEP. The CEP itself houses the receivers for the science antennas, the command and data handling hardware, and, mounted externally, the downlink antenna. We have conducted two experiments relevant to the ROLSS concept. First, we deployed a proof-of-concept science antenna. Comparison of the impedance of the antenna feed points with simulations showed a high level of agreement, lending credence to the antenna concept. Second, we exposed a sample of space-qualified polyimide film, with a silver coating on one side, to temperature cycling and UV exposure designed to replicate a year on the lunar surface. No degradation of the polyimide film’s material or electric properties was found. Both of these tests support the notion of using polyimide-film based antennas. The prime science mission favors an equatorial site, and a site on the limb could simplify certain aspects of the instrument design. A site on the lunar near side is sufficient for meeting the science goals. While the site should be of relatively low relief topography, the entire site does not have to be flat as the fraction of the area occupied by the antenna arms is relatively small (∼0.3%). Further, the antenna arms do not have to lay flat as deviations of ±1m are still small relative to the observational wavelengths. Deployment could be accomplished either with astronauts, completely robotically, or via a combination of crewed and robotic means. Future work for the ROLSS concept includes more exhaustive testing of the radio frequency (RF) and environmental suitability of polyimide film-based science antennas, ultra-low power electronics in order to minimize the amount of power storage needed, batteries with a larger temperature range for both survival and operation, and rovers (robotic, crewed, or both) for deployment. The ROLSS array could also serve as the precursor to a larger array on the far side of the Moon for astrophysical and cosmological studies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - SOLAR radio emission
KW  - PARTICLE acceleration
KW  - HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics)
KW  - SOLAR radio bursts
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - MOON -- Observations
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Heliophysics
KW  - Instrumentation: interferometers
KW  - Moon
KW  - Particle acceleration
KW  - Radio astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 66770891; Lazio, T. Joseph W. 1,2; Email Address: Joseph.Lazio@jpl.nasa.gov MacDowall, R.J. 2,3 Burns, Jack O. 2,4 Jones, D.L. 2,5 Weiler, K.W. 1,2 Demaio, L. 3 Cohen, A. 6 Paravastu Dalal, N. 7 Polisensky, E. 1 Stewart, K. 1 Bale, S. 8 Gopalswamy, N. 3 Kaiser, M. 3 Kasper, J. 9; Affiliation:  1: Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Ave. SW, Washington, DC 20375-5351, USA  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94089, USA  3: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 695, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Dept. of Astrophysical & Planetary Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  5: M/S 138-308, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723, USA  7: ASEE Engineering Fellow, 255 West 5th St, San Pedro, CA 90731, USA  8: Physics Dept. and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7300, USA  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Perkins 138, MS 58, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 48 Issue 12, p1942; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: SOLAR radio emission; Subject Term: PARTICLE acceleration; Subject Term: HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SOLAR radio bursts; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: MOON -- Observations; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heliophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation: interferometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle acceleration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.07.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66770891&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bryson, K.L.
AU  - Peeters, Z.
AU  - Salama, F.
AU  - Foing, B.
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
AU  - Ricco, A.J.
AU  - Jessberger, E.
AU  - Bischoff, A.
AU  - Breitfellner, M.
AU  - Schmidt, W.
AU  - Robert, F.
T1  - The ORGANIC experiment on EXPOSE-R on the ISS: Flight sample preparation and ground control spectroscopy
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2011/12/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1980
EP  - 1996
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: In March of 2009, the ORGANIC experiment integrated into the European multi-user facility EXPOSE-R, containing experiments dedicated to Astrobiology, was mounted through Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA) externally on the International Space Station (ISS). The experiment exposed organic samples of astronomical interest for a duration of 97weeks (∼22months) to the space environment. The samples that were returned to Earth in spring 2011, received a total UV radiation dose during their exposure including direct solar irradiation of >2500h, exceeding the limits of laboratory simulations. We report flight sample preparation and pre-flight ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) characterization of the ORGANIC samples, which include 11 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three fullerenes. The corresponding time-dependent ground control monitoring experiments for ORGANIC measured over ∼19months are presented and the results anticipated upon return of the samples are discussed. We present the first UV–Vis spectrum of solid circobiphenyl (C38H16). Further, we present the first published UV–Vis spectra of diphenanthro[9,10-b′,10′-d]thiophene (C28H16S), dinaphtho[8,1,2-abc,2′,1′,8′-klm]coronene (C36H16), tetrabenzo[de,no,st,c′d′]heptacene (C42H22), and dibenzo[jk,a′b′]octacene (C40H22) in solid phase and in solution. The results of the ORGANIC experiment are expected to enhance our knowledge of the evolution and degradation of large carbon-containing molecules in space environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - EXPOSE-R
KW  - ISS
KW  - PAHS
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 66770894; Bryson, K.L. 1,2; Email Address: kathryn.bryson@nasa.gov Peeters, Z. 3 Salama, F. 2 Foing, B. 4 Ehrenfreund, P. 5,6 Ricco, A.J. 7 Jessberger, E. 8 Bischoff, A. 8 Breitfellner, M. 9 Schmidt, W. 10 Robert, F. 11; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third St. West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  2: Space Science & Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institute of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Rd, Washington, DC 20015, USA  4: European Space Agency, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  5: Leiden Institute of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  6: Space Policy Institute, Washington, DC 20052, USA  7: Small Spacecraft Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Institut für Planetologie, Westfälische Wilhelms-Klemm Str. 10, 48149 Münster, Germany  9: European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), ESA, Apartado, P.O. Box 50727, 28080 Madrid, Spain  10: Institut für PAH-Forschung, Flurstrasse 17, 86926 Greifenberg, Germany  11: Laboratoire de Minéralogie et Cosmochimie du Muséum (LMCM), UMR 7202–CNRS INSU, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 48 Issue 12, p1980; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: EXPOSE-R; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISS; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAHS; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.07.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66770894&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
AU  - Liu, Xu
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Young, David F.
AU  - Phojanamongkolkij, Nipa
AU  - Sun-Mack, Sunny
AU  - Miller, Walter F.
AU  - Chen, Yan
T1  - Detection of Atmospheric Changes in Spatially and Temporally Averaged Infrared Spectra Observed from Space.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2011/12/15/
VL  - 24
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 6392
EP  - 6407
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Variability present at a satellite instrument sampling scale (small-scale variability) has been neglected in earlier simulations of atmospheric and cloud property change retrievals using spatially and temporally averaged spectral radiances. The effects of small-scale variability in the atmospheric change detection process are evaluated in this study. To simulate realistic atmospheric variability, top-of-the-atmosphere nadir-view longwave spectral radiances are computed at a high temporal (instantaneous) resolution with a 20-km field-of-view using cloud properties retrieved from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements, along with temperature humidity profiles obtained from reanalysis. Specifically, the effects of the variability on the necessary conditions for retrieving atmospheric changes by a linear regression are tested. The percentage error in the annual 10° zonal mean spectral radiance difference obtained by assuming linear combinations of individual perturbations expressed as a root-mean-square (RMS) difference computed over wavenumbers between 200 and 2000 cm−1 is 10%%-15%% for most of the 10° zones. However, if cloud fraction perturbation is excluded, the RMS difference decreases to less than 2%%. Monthly and annual 10° zonal mean spectral radiances change linearly with atmospheric property perturbations, which occur when atmospheric properties are perturbed by an amount approximately equal to the variability of the10° zonal monthly deseasonalized anomalies or by a climate-model-predicted decadal change. Nonlinear changes in the spectral radiances of magnitudes similar to those obtained through linear estimation can arise when cloud heights and droplet radii in water cloud change. The spectral shapes computed by perturbing different atmospheric and cloud properties are different so that linear regression can separate individual spectral radiance changes from the sum of the spectral radiance change. When the effects of small-scale variability are treated as noise, however, the error in retrieved cloud properties is large. The results suggest the importance of considering small-scale variability in inferring atmospheric and cloud property changes from the satellite-observed zonally and annually averaged spectral radiance difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - CLOUD computing
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - Climate records
N1  - Accession Number: 69627280; Kato, Seiji 1 Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Rose, Fred G. 2 Liu, Xu 1 Taylor, Patrick C. 1 Kratz, David P. 1 Mlynczak, Martin G. 1 Young, David F. 1 Phojanamongkolkij, Nipa 3 Sun-Mack, Sunny 2 Miller, Walter F. 2 Chen, Yan 2; Affiliation:  1: ** Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Science System & Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia  3: Aeronautics System Engineering Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 24 Issue 24, p6392; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: CLOUD computing; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate records; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-10-05005.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69627280&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, Parikshith K.
AU  - Desai, Uri
AU  - Monroe, James A.
AU  - Lagoudas, Dimitris C.
AU  - Karaman, Ibrahim
AU  - Bigelow, Glen
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
T1  - Experimental investigation of simultaneous creep, plasticity and transformation of Ti50.5Pd30Ni19.5 high temperature shape memory alloy during cyclic actuation
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2011/12/15/
VL  - 530
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 127
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: The influence of inelastic phenomena (i.e. plasticity and viscoplasticity) on the phase transformation and the cyclic actuation behavior of a Ti50.5Pd30Ni19.5 high temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA) was investigated by thermomechanical testing. Standard creep and constant stress thermal cycling experiments were conducted to study the rate-independent and rate-dependent irrecoverable strain generation both individually and simultaneously with the phase transformation. Based on a preliminary power-law fit of the creep data from the creep tests, the varying creep rates and stress exponents suggest that the mechanism for creep deformation changes with both stress level and temperature within the likely operating range for the alloy. The load-biased thermal cycling tests show that the material performance can be significantly affected by rate independent plasticity strains generated during transformation, rate dependent viscoplastic strains as well as factors such as retained martensite accumulation. To consolidate these inelastic mechanisms, a combined phase transformation–deformation diagram was constructed to show the phase transformation along with the plastic and viscoplastic regions within the operational range of the HTSMA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Creep
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - CHEMICAL systems
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical properties
KW  - METALS -- Testing
KW  - Creep
KW  - Phase transformation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Thermomechanical characterization
N1  - Accession Number: 67700929; Kumar, Parikshith K. 1 Desai, Uri 1 Monroe, James A. 2 Lagoudas, Dimitris C. 1,3; Email Address: lagoudas@tamu.edu Karaman, Ibrahim 2,3 Bigelow, Glen 4 Noebe, Ronald D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: Materials Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 530, p117; Subject Term: METALS -- Creep; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: CHEMICAL systems; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical properties; Subject Term: METALS -- Testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermomechanical characterization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2011.09.051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67700929&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Privette, Charles V.
AU  - Khalilian, Ahmad
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Katzberg, Stephen
T1  - Utilizing space-based GPS technology to determine hydrological properties of soils
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2011/12/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3582
EP  - 3586
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Competition for limited water resources is one of the most critical issues being faced by irrigated agriculture in the United States. Site-specific irrigation applies irrigation water to match the needs of individual management zones within a field, significantly reducing water consumption, runoff, and nutrient leaching in ground water. Remote sensing for real-time and continuous soil moisture measurements at specific depths is essential for success of site-specific irrigation system. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of utilizing a GPS-based sensor technology to determine site-specific information such as the soil moisture condition by recording the GPS signal reflected from the earth''s surface. A modified GPS Delay Mapping Receiver (DMR) tracks and measures the direct, line-of-sight, Right-Hand-Circularly Polarized signal of a GPS satellite. It also simultaneously measures the delayed, earth-reflected, near-specular, Left-Hand-Circularly Polarized GPS signal. These measurements can be used to estimate the surface scattering coefficient and path delays between the direct and reflected GPS signals. Over land, scattering coefficients can be used to estimate changes in soil moisture contents. Our results showed that the space-based technology has a great potential for determining soil volumetric moisture contents in the pursuit of site-specific irrigation management. There were strong correlations between the GPS reflectivity measurements and soil moisture contents. The GPS reflectivity increased as the soil moisture contents increased. Careful analysis of the test data showed very conclusively that the sensitivity of L-Band signal (1.575GHz) to soil moisture contents changed with soil type and sampling depth. The sensitivity decreased with sampling depth in light soils and increased in heavy soils. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - WATER supply
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - FEASIBILITY studies
KW  - IRRIGATION -- Management
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - GPS
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Site-specific irrigation
KW  - Soil moisture
N1  - Accession Number: 67324615; Privette, Charles V. 1; Email Address: privett@clemson.edu Khalilian, Ahmad 2; Email Address: akhlln@clemson.edu Torres, Omar 3; Email Address: omar.torres@nasa.gov Katzberg, Stephen 4; Email Address: SJkatzberg@scsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, 247 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, United States  2: Biosystems Engineering, Clemson University, Edisto REC, Blackville, SC, United States  3: NASA, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  4: South Carolina State University, Orangeburg, SC, United States; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 115 Issue 12, p3582; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: WATER supply; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: FEASIBILITY studies; Subject Term: IRRIGATION -- Management; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Site-specific irrigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.08.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67324615&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ballard, Sarah
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Desert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey
AU  - Burke, Christopher J.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Henze, Christopher
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Howell, Steven B.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
T1  - THE KEPLER-19 SYSTEM: A TRANSITING 2.2 R⊕ PLANET AND A SECOND PLANET DETECTED VIA TRANSIT TIMING VARIATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/12/20/
VL  - 743
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery of the Kepler-19 planetary system, which we first identified from a 9.3 day periodic transit signal in the Kepler photometry. From high-resolution spectroscopy of the star, we find a stellar effective temperature Teff = 5541 ± 60 K, a metallicity [Fe/H] = -0.13 ± 0,06, and a surface gravity log(g) = 4.59 ± 0.10. We combine the estimate of Teff and [Fe/H] with an estimate of the stellar density derived from the photometric light curve to deduce a stellar mass of M★ = 0.936 ± 0.040 M⊙ and a stellar radius of R★= 0,850 ± 0.018 R⊙ (these errors do not include uncertainties in the stellar models). We rule out the possibility that the transits result from an astrophysical false positive by first identifying the subset of stellar blends that reproduce the precise shape of the light curve. Using the additional constraints from the measured color of the system, the absence of a secondary source in the high-resolution spectrum, and the absence of a secondary source in the adaptive optics imaging, we conclude that the planetary scenario is more than three orders of magnitude more likely than a blend. The blend scenario is independently disfavored by the achromaticity of the transit: we measure a transit depth with Spitzer at 4.5 µm of Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed ppm, consistent with the depth measured in the Kepler optical bandpass of 567 ± 6 ppm (corrected for stellar limb darkening). We determine a physical radius of the planet Kepler-19b of Rp = 2.209 ± 0.048 R⊕; the uncertainty is dominated by uncertainty in the stellar parameters. From radial velocity observations of the star, we find an upper limit on the planet mass of 20.3 M⊕, corresponding to a maximum density of 10.4 gcm-3. We report a significant sinusoidal deviation of the transit times from a predicted linear ephemeris, which we conclude is due to an additional perturbing body in the system. We cannot uniquely determine the orbital parameters of the perturber, as various dynamical mechanisms match the amplitude, period, and shape of the transit timing signal and satisfy the host star's radial velocity limits. However, the perturber in these mechanisms has a period ≲ 160 days and mass ≲ 6 MJup, confirming its planetary nature as Kepler-19c. We place limits on the presence of transits of Kepler-19c in the available Kepler data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - HIGH resolution spectroscopy
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - eclipses
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: individual (Kepler-19, KOI-84, KIC 2571238)
N1  - Accession Number: 71404967; Ballard, Sarah 1; Email Address: sballard@cfa.harvard.edu Fabrycky, Daniel 2 Fressin, Francois 1 Charbonneau, David 1 Desert, Jean-Michel 1 Torres, Guillermo 1 Marcy, Geoffrey 3 Burke, Christopher J. 4 Isaacson, Howard 3 Henze, Christopher 4 Steffen, Jason H. 5 Ciardi, David R. 6 Howell, Steven B. 4,7 Cochran, William D. 8 Endl, Michael 8 Bryson, Stephen T. 4 Rowe, Jason F. 4 Holman, Matthew J. 1 Lissauer, Jack J. 4 Jenkins, Jon M. 9; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  6: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  8: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  9: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 743 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: HIGH resolution spectroscopy; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Author-Supplied Keyword: eclipses; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (Kepler-19, KOI-84, KIC 2571238); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/200
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71404967&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Mathur, S.
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - Verner, G. A.
AU  - Bonanno, A.
AU  - Buzasi, D. L.
AU  - Campante, T. L.
AU  - Elsworth, Y. P.
AU  - Hale, S. J.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Aguirre, V. Silva
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Appourchaux, T.
AU  - Frandsen, S.
AU  - Houdek, G.
T1  - TESTING SCALING RELATIONS FOR SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS FROM THE MAIN SEQUENCE TO RED GIANTS USING KEPLER DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/12/20/
VL  - 743
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have analyzed solar-like oscillations in ~1700 stars observed by the Kepler Mission, spanning from the main sequence to the red clump. Using evolutionary models, we test asteroseismic scaling relations for the frequency of maximum power (vmax), the large frequency separation (Δv), and oscillation amplitudes. We show that the difference of the Δv-vmax relation for unevolved and evolved stars can be explained by different distributions in effective temperature and stellar mass, in agreement with what is expected from scaling relations. For oscillation amplitudes, we show that neither (L/M)s scaling nor the revised scaling relation by Kjeldsen & Bedding is accurate for red-giant stars, and demonstrate that a revised scaling relation with a separate luminosity-mass dependence can be used to calculate amplitudes from the main sequence to red giants to a precision of ~25%. The residuals show an offset particularly for unevolved stars, suggesting that an additional physical dependency is necessary to fully reproduce the observed amplitudes. We investigate correlations between amplitudes and stellar activity, and find evidence that the effect of amplitude suppression is most pronounced for subgiant stars. Finally, we test the location of the cool edge of the instability strip in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram using solar-like oscillations and find the detections in the hottest stars compatible with a domain of hybrid stochastically excited and opacity driven pulsation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - HR diagrams
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 71404910; Huber, D. 1; Email Address: dhuber@physics.usyd.edu.au Bedding, T. R. 1 Stello, D. 1; Email Address: dhuber@physics.usyd.edu.au Hekker, S. 2 Mathur, S. 3 Mosser, B. 4 Verner, G. A. 5,6 Bonanno, A. 7 Buzasi, D. L. 8 Campante, T. L. 9,10 Elsworth, Y. P. 11 Hale, S. J. 5 Kallinger, T. 12,13 Aguirre, V. Silva 14 Chaplin, W. J. 11 De Ridder, J. 15 García, R. A. 16 Appourchaux, T. 17 Frandsen, S. 10 Houdek, G. 13; Affiliation:  1: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  2: Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  3: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  4: LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis, Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon cedex, France  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  6: Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK  7: INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Italy  8: Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USA  9: Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  10: Danish AsteroSeismology Centre (DASC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-800 Aarhus C, Denmark  11: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada  13: Institute of Astronomy, University of Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria  14: Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany  15: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Belgium  16: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS, Université Paris 7 Diderot, IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvetle, France  17: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, UMR 8617, Universite Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 743 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: HR diagrams; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/143
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miju Kang
AU  - Minho Choi
AU  - Bieging, John H.
AU  - Jeonghee Rho
AU  - Jeong-Eun Lee
AU  - Chao-Wei Tsai
T1  - SUBMILLIMETER OBSERVATIONS OF DENSE CLUMPS IN THE INFRARED DARK CLOUD G049.40-00.01.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/12/20/
VL  - 743
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We obtained 350 and 850 µm continuum maps of the infrared dark cloud G049.40-00.01. Twenty-one dense clumps were identified within G049.40-00.01 based on the 350 µm continuum map with an angular resolution of about Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. We present submillimeter continuum maps and report physical properties of the clumps. The masses of clumps range from 50 to 600 M⊙. About 70% of the clumps are associated with bright 24 micro;m emission sources, and they may contain protostars. The two most massive clumps show extended, enhanced 4.5 µm emission indicating vigorous star-forming activity. The clump-size-mass distribution suggests that many of them are forming high-mass stars. G049.40-00.01 contains numerous objects in various evolutionary stages of star formation, from pre-protostellar clumps to H II regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STARS -- Structure
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - PROTOSTARS
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - ISM: individual objects (G049.40-00.01)
KW  - ISM: structure
KW  - stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 71404965; Miju Kang 1; Email Address: mjkang@kasi.re.kr Minho Choi 1 Bieging, John H. 2 Jeonghee Rho 3 Jeong-Eun Lee 4 Chao-Wei Tsai 5; Affiliation:  1: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of Korea  2: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: SOFIA Science Center, USRA/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 446-701, Republic of Korea  5: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 743 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STARS -- Structure; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects (G049.40-00.01); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/74312/198
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, R. G.
AU  - Charnley, S. B.
AU  - Pendleton, Y. J.
AU  - Wright, C. M.
AU  - Maldoni, M. M.
AU  - Robinson, G.
T1  - ON THE FORMATION OF INTERSTELLAR WATER ICE: CONSTRAINTS FROM A SEARCH FOR HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ICE IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2011/12/20/
VL  - 743
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Recent surface chemistry experiments have shown that the hydrogenation of molecular oxygen on interstellar dust grains is a plausible formation mechanism, via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), for the production of water (H2O) ice mantles in the dense interstellar medium. Theoretical chemistry models also predict the formation of a significant abundance of H2O2 ice in grain mantles by this route. At their upper limits, the predicted and experimental abundances are sufficiently high that H2O2 should be detectable in molecular cloud ice spectra. To investigate this further, laboratory spectra have been obtained for H2O2/H2O ice films between 2.5 and 200 µm, from 10 to 180 K, containing 3%, 30%, and 97% H2O2 ice. Integrated absorbances for all the absorption features in low-temperature H2O2 ice have been derived from these spectra, For identifying H2O2 ice, the key results are the presence of unique features near 3.5, 7.0, and l 1.3 µm, Comparing the laboratory spectra with the spectra of a group of 24 protostars and field stars, all of which have strong H2O ice absorption bands, no absorption features are found that can definitely be identified with H2O2 ice. In the absence of definite H2O2 features, the H2O2 abundance is constrained by its possible contribution to the weak absorption feature near 3.47 µm found on the long-wavelength wing of the 3 µm H2O ice band. This gives an average upper limit for H2O2, as a percentage of H2O, of 9% ± 4%. This is a strong constraint on parameters for surface chemistry experiments and dense cloud chemistry models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - HYDROGENATION
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - HYDROGEN peroxide
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: lines and bands
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - molecular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 71404898; Smith, R. G. 1; Email Address: r.smith@adfa.edu.au Charnley, S. B. 2; Email Address: Steven.B.Chamley@nasa.gov Pendleton, Y. J. 3; Email Address: yvonne.pendleton@nasa.gov Wright, C. M. 1; Email Address: c.wright@adfa.edu.au Maldoni, M. M. 4 Robinson, G. 1; Email Address: g.robinson@adfa.edu.au; Affiliation:  1: School of Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Australian Delence Force Academy, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia  2: Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Geoscience Australia, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 743 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROGENATION; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: HYDROGEN peroxide; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: lines and bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/743/2/131
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Browning, Grant
AU  - Carlsson, Leif A.
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
T1  - Modification of the edge crack torsion specimen for mode III delamination testing. Part II – experimental study.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2011/12/20/
VL  - 45
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 2633
EP  - 2640
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Experimental studies of carbon/epoxy edge crack torsion specimen have been conducted using a specially designed twist test fixture. Of particular concern was verification of the recommendations expressed in the analytical part of this study (Part 1), where it was suggested that overhang (sections of specimen laying outside of the loading and support pins) in the x- and y-directions should be minimized, and fracture testing at longer delamination lengths should be avoided. The experimental test results verified that the specimens with the smallest overhang produced the most consistent delamination toughness data, GIIIc. Specimens with large overhangs exhibited high apparent GIIIc values at long delamination lengths. This was most likely due to nonuniform loading and associated nonuniform delamination extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TORSION
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - TWIST drills
KW  - TEST methods
KW  - experimental evaluation
KW  - mode III delamination
KW  - test method
N1  - Accession Number: 67514202; Browning, Grant 1 Carlsson, Leif A. 1 Ratcliffe, James G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton FL 33431, USA.  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Mail Code 188E, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA. james.g.ratcliffe@nasa.gov; Source Info: 12/20/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 25, p2633; Subject Term: TORSION; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Subject Term: TWIST drills; Subject Term: TEST methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: experimental evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: mode III delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: test method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417230 Industrial machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 506
L3  - 10.1177/0021998311401115
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
AU  - Reeder, James R.
T1  - Sizing a single cantilever beam specimen for characterizing facesheet–core debonding in sandwich structure.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2011/12/20/
VL  - 45
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 2669
EP  - 2684
SN  - 00219983
AB  - This article details a procedure for sizing single cantilever beam (SCB) test specimens that are used to characterize facesheet–core debonding in sandwich structure. The characterization is accomplished by measuring the critical strain energy release rate, Gc, associated with the debonding process. The sizing procedure is based on an analytical representation of the SCB specimen, which models the specimen as a cantilever beam partially supported on an elastic foundation. This results in an approximate, closed-form solution for the compliance–debond length relationship of the specimen. The solution provides a series of limitations that can be imposed on the specimen dimensions to help ensure the specimen behaviour does not violate assumptions made in the derivation of the data reduction method used to calculate Gc. Application of the sizing procedure to actual sandwich systems yielded SCB specimen dimensions that would be practical for use. The method is specifically configured for incorporation into a draft testing protocol to be developed into an ASTM International testing standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - CANTILEVERS
KW  - BEAM dynamics
KW  - STRAIN (Physiology)
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - TEST methods
KW  - CORE materials
KW  - facesheet–core debonding
KW  - sandwich structure
KW  - test method
N1  - Accession Number: 67514203; Ratcliffe, James G. 1 Reeder, James R. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA. james.g.ratcliffe@nasa.gov  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.; Source Info: 12/20/2011, Vol. 45 Issue 25, p2669; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: CANTILEVERS; Subject Term: BEAM dynamics; Subject Term: STRAIN (Physiology); Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: TEST methods; Subject Term: CORE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: facesheet–core debonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: test method; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 923
L3  - 10.1177/0021998311401116
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parrish, David D.
AU  - Singh, Hanwant B.
AU  - Molina, Luisa
AU  - Madronich, Sasha
T1  - Air quality progress in North American megacities: A review
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/12/21/
VL  - 45
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 7015
EP  - 7025
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Air quality progress in the North American megacities of Los Angeles, New York, and Mexico City is reviewed, compared, and contrasted. Enormous progress made in North America over the last 5 decades provides a template for other megacities of the world, especially in developing countries, attempting to achieve rapid economic growth without compromising air quality. While the progress to date has been impressive, many challenges remain including the need to improve air quality while simultaneously mitigating climate change. The impact of pollutant emissions from megacities is felt long distances away from the local sources but no policy mechanisms currently exist to mitigate air quality impacts resulting from such pollution transport. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - CITIES & towns
KW  - ECONOMIC development
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL policy
KW  - NORTH America
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Megacities
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 67113345; Parrish, David D. 1; Email Address: David.D.Parrish@noaa.gov Singh, Hanwant B. 2 Molina, Luisa 3 Madronich, Sasha 4; Affiliation:  1: NOAA, ESRL Chemical Science Division, 325 Broadway R/CSD7, Boulder, CO, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, San Diego, CA, USA  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 45 Issue 39, p7015; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: CITIES & towns; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL policy; Subject Term: NORTH America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Megacities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Natraj, Vijay
AU  - Liu, Xiong
AU  - Kulawik, Susan
AU  - Chance, Kelly
AU  - Chatfield, Robert
AU  - Edwards, David P.
AU  - Eldering, Annmarie
AU  - Francis, Gene
AU  - Kurosu, Thomas
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth
AU  - Spurr, Robert
AU  - Worden, Helen
T1  - Multi-spectral sensitivity studies for the retrieval of tropospheric and lowermost tropospheric ozone from simulated clear-sky GEO-CAPE measurements
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2011/12/21/
VL  - 45
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 7151
EP  - 7165
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: One of the important science requirements of the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission is to be able to measure ozone with two degrees of freedom in the troposphere and sensitivity in the lowest 2 km (lowermost troposphere, LMT), in order to characterize air quality and boundary layer transport of pollution. Currently available remote sensing techniques utilize backscattered solar ultraviolet (UV) radiances or thermal infrared (TIR) emissions to perform ozone retrievals. However, in the TIR, measurement sensitivity to the LMT requires high thermal contrast between the Earth’s surface and the near-surface (tens to hundreds of meters above surface) atmosphere, while in the UV, the measurement sensitivity to the LMT is low because of Rayleigh scattering. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of using multi-spectral intensity measurements in the UV, visible (VIS), mid infrared (MIR) and TIR, and polarization measurements in the UV/VIS, to improve tropospheric and lowermost tropospheric ozone retrievals. Simulations for 16 cloud and aerosol free atmospheric profiles spanning a range of ozone mixing ratios indicate that adding VIS measurements to UV measurements significantly enhances the sensitivity to lowermost tropospheric ozone, but only makes a slight improvement to the total degrees of freedom for signal (DFS). On the other hand, the combination of UV and TIR significantly improves the total DFS as well as the lowermost tropospheric DFS. The analysis presented here is a necessary and important first step for defining spectral regions that can meet the GEO-CAPE measurement requirements, and subsequently, the requirements for instrumentation. In this work, the principle of multi-spectral retrievals has been extended from previously published literature and we show that the UV + VIS, UV + TIR and UV + VIS + TIR combinations have the potential to meet the GEO-CAPE measurement requirements for tropospheric ozone. Our analysis includes errors from water and surface properties; further analysis is needed to include temperature, additional gas interferents, clouds, aerosols and more realistic surface properties. These simulations must be run on a much larger dataset, followed by OSSEs (Observing System Simulation Experiments), where simulated retrievals are assimilated into chemical-transport models, to quantitatively assess the impact of the proposed measurements for constraining the spatiotemporal distribution of ozone in the LMT for basic science studies and applications such as air quality forecasts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - OZONE
KW  - GEO-CAPE
KW  - Geostationary platform
KW  - Multi-spectral
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Retrieval
KW  - Sensitivity
KW  - Troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 67113363; Natraj, Vijay 1; Email Address: Vijay.Natraj@jpl.nasa.gov Liu, Xiong 2 Kulawik, Susan 1 Chance, Kelly 2 Chatfield, Robert 3 Edwards, David P. 4 Eldering, Annmarie 1 Francis, Gene 4 Kurosu, Thomas 1 Pickering, Kenneth 5 Spurr, Robert 6 Worden, Helen 4; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: RT Solutions, Inc., 9 Channing Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 45 Issue 39, p7151; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: OZONE; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEO-CAPE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geostationary platform; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-spectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Troposphere; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.09.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67113363&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
T1  - Moisture-Induced TBC Spallation on Turbine Blade Samples
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2011/12/25/
VL  - 206
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1577
EP  - 1585
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: Delayed failure of TBCs is a widely observed laboratory phenomenon, although many of the early observations went unreported. “The weekend effect” or “DeskTop Spallation” (DTS) is characterized by initial survival of a TBC after accelerated laboratory thermal cycling, followed by failure when exposed to ambient humidity or water. Once initiated, failure can progress to completion quite dramatically in less than a second. To this end, the water drop test and digital video recordings have become useful techniques in studies at NASA (Smialek, Zhu, Cuy), DECHMA (Rudolphi, Renusch, Schütze), and CNRS Toulouse/SNECMA (Déneux, Cadoret, Hervier, Monceau). In the present study the results for a commercial turbine blade, with a standard EB-PVD 7YSZ TBC top coat and Pt-aluminide diffusion bond coat are reported. Cut sections were intermittently oxidized at 1100°, 1150°, and 1200°C and monitored by weight change and visual appearance. Failures were distributed widely over a 5–100hr time range, decreasing with oxidation temperature. At some opportune times, failure was captured by video recording, documenting the appearance and speed of the moisture-induced spallation process. The failure interfaces exhibited, on the TBC side, alumina scale grains (decorated with Ta-rich oxide particles) and, on the exposed bare metal surface of the blade, imprints from the scale grains (with alumina islands and streamers). The phenomenon is based on moisture-induced delamination at the alumina scale - bond coat interface. Cycling damage is a contributing factor as cracking allows access of moisture to this interface, while high strain energy provides the driving force for spallation. It has been proposed that moisture reacts with aluminum in the bond coat and releases hydrogen atoms that ‘embrittle’ the interface. A modified chemical viewpoint of scale adhesion results, including a negative synergistic effect with interfacial sulfur. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOISTURE
KW  - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - TURBINES -- Blades
KW  - PHYSICS laboratories
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - PHYSICAL vapor deposition
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - alumina scales
KW  - hydrogen
KW  - moisture
KW  - oxide-metal adhesion
KW  - TBC
N1  - Accession Number: 67749667; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: James.L.Smialek@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, United States; Source Info: Dec2011, Vol. 206 Issue 7, p1577; Subject Term: MOISTURE; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: TURBINES -- Blades; Subject Term: PHYSICS laboratories; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: PHYSICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: alumina scales; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxide-metal adhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: TBC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67749667&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Inostroza, Natalia
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Accurate ab initio quartic force fields of cyclic and bent HC2N isomers.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2011/12/28/
VL  - 135
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 244310
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Highly correlated ab initio quartic force fields (QFFs) are used to calculate the equilibrium structures and predict the spectroscopic parameters of three HC2N isomers. Specifically, the ground state quasilinear triplet and the lowest cyclic and bent singlet isomers are included in the present study. Extensive treatment of correlation effects were included using the singles and doubles coupled-cluster method that includes a perturbational estimate of the effects of connected triple excitations, denoted as CCSD(T). Dunning's correlation-consistent basis sets cc-pVXZ, X = 3,4,5, were used, and a three-point formula for extrapolation to the one-particle basis set limit was used. Core-correlation and scalar relativistic corrections were also included to yield highly accurate QFFs. The QFFs were used together with second-order perturbation theory (PT) (with proper treatment of Fermi resonances) and variational methods to solve the nuclear Schrödinger equation. The quasilinear nature of the triplet isomer is problematic, and it is concluded that a QFF is not adequate to describe properly all of the fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants (though some constants not dependent on the bending motion are well reproduced by PT). On the other hand, this procedure (a QFF together with either PT or variational methods) leads to highly accurate fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants for the cyclic and bent singlet isomers of HC2N. All three isomers possess significant dipole moments, 3.05 D, 3.06 D, and 1.71 D, for the quasilinear triplet, the cyclic singlet, and the bent singlet isomers, respectively. It is concluded that the spectroscopic constants determined for the cyclic and bent singlet isomers are the most accurate available, and it is hoped that these will be useful in the interpretation of high-resolution astronomical observations or laboratory experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ISOMERS
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - NITROGEN compounds
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
KW  - SCALAR field theory
KW  - RELATIVITY (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 70097004; Inostroza, Natalia 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Source Info: 12/28/2011, Vol. 135 Issue 24, p244310; Subject Term: ISOMERS; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: NITROGEN compounds; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Subject Term: SCALAR field theory; Subject Term: RELATIVITY (Physics); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3671389
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70097004&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mona, L.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Müller, D.
AU  - Omar, A.
AU  - Papayannis, A.
AU  - Pappalardo, G.
AU  - Sugimoto, N.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
T1  - Lidar Measurements for Desert Dust Characterization: An Overview.
JO  - Advances in Meteorology
JF  - Advances in Meteorology
Y1  - 2012/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 36
SN  - 16879309
AB  - We provide an overview of light detection and ranging (lidar) capability for describing and characterizing desert dust. This paper summarizes lidar techniques, observations, and fallouts of desert dust lidar measurements. The main objective is to provide the scientific community, including nonpractitioners of lidar observations with a reference paper on dust lidar measurements. In particular, it will fill the current gap of communication between research-oriented lidar community and potential desert dust data users, such as air quality monitoring agencies and aviation advisory centers. The current capability of the different lidar techniques for the characterization of aerosol in general and desert dust in particular is presented. Technical aspects and required assumptions of these techniques are discussed, providing readers with the pros and cons of each technique. Information about desert dust collected up to date using lidar techniques is reviewed. Lidar techniques for aerosol characterization have a maturity level appropriate for addressing air quality and transportation issues, as demonstrated by some first results reported in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Meteorology is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DESERTS
KW  - DUST
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - LITERATURE reviews
N1  - Accession Number: 86990819; Mona, L. 1; Email Address: mona@imaa.cnr.it Liu, Z. 2 Müller, D. 2,3,4 Omar, A. 5 Papayannis, A. 6 Pappalardo, G. 1 Sugimoto, N. 7 Vaughan, M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Metodologie per l'Analisi Ambientale (CNR-IMAA), C.da S. Loja, Potenza 85050 Tito Scalo, Italy  2: Science Systems and ApplicationS Inc., c/o NASA Langley Research Center MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (IfT), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany  4: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Cheomdan-Gwagiro, Buk-Gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea  5: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Laser Remote Sensing laboratory, Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece  7: National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan; Source Info: 2012, p1; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DESERTS; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: LITERATURE reviews; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 36p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 3 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2012/356265
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86990819&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Bytautas, Laimutis
AU  - Bowman, Joel M.
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Varandas, António J. C.
T1  - Accurate Potential Energy Surfaces and Beyond: Chemical Reactivity, Binding, Long-Range Interactions, and Spectroscopy.
JO  - Advances in Physical Chemistry
JF  - Advances in Physical Chemistry
Y1  - 2012/01//
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 16877985
AB  - The authors focus on the role of potential energy surface in the description, simulation, and modeling of molecular systems. The say that it provides the basis for understanding the processes related to nuclear motions in molecules. The also mention that the surface diffusion of adsorbed atoms and molecules plays an important role in various surface dynamical processes.
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NUCLEAR models
KW  - SURFACE diffusion
KW  - ATOMS
N1  - Accession Number: 86936994; Bytautas, Laimutis 1; Email Address: laimutis.bytautas@rice.edu Bowman, Joel M. 2 Huang, Xinchuan 3 Varandas, António J. C. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA  2: Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA  3: ETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Departamento de Quimica, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004535 Coimbra, Portugal; Source Info: 2012, p1; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NUCLEAR models; Subject Term: SURFACE diffusion; Subject Term: ATOMS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1155/2012/679869
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86936994&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - McKay, Chris
AU  - Rummel, John D.
AU  - Foing, Bernard H.
AU  - Neal, Clive R.
AU  - Masson-Zwaan, Tanja
AU  - Ansdell, Megan
AU  - Peter, Nicolas
AU  - Zarnecki, John
AU  - Mackwell, Steve
AU  - Perino, Maria Antionetta
AU  - Billings, Linda
AU  - Mankins, John
AU  - Race, Margaret
T1  - Toward a global space exploration program: A stepping stone approach
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 48
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: In response to the growing importance of space exploration in future planning, the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR) Panel on Exploration (PEX) was chartered to provide independent scientific advice to support the development of exploration programs and to safeguard the potential scientific assets of solar system objects. In this report, PEX elaborates a stepwise approach to achieve a new level of space cooperation that can help develop world-wide capabilities in space science and exploration and support a transition that will lead to a global space exploration program. The proposed stepping stones are intended to transcend cross-cultural barriers, leading to the development of technical interfaces and shared legal frameworks and fostering coordination and cooperation on a broad front. Input for this report was drawn from expertise provided by COSPAR Associates within the international community and via the contacts they maintain in various scientific entities. The report provides a summary and synthesis of science roadmaps and recommendations for planetary exploration produced by many national and international working groups, aiming to encourage and exploit synergies among similar programs. While science and technology represent the core and, often, the drivers for space exploration, several other disciplines and their stakeholders (Earth science, space law, and others) should be more robustly interlinked and involved than they have been to date. The report argues that a shared vision is crucial to this linkage, and to providing a direction that enables new countries and stakeholders to join and engage in the overall space exploration effort. Building a basic space technology capacity within a wider range of countries, ensuring new actors in space act responsibly, and increasing public awareness and engagement are concrete steps that can provide a broader interest in space exploration, worldwide, and build a solid basis for program sustainability. By engaging developing countries and emerging space nations in an international space exploration program, it will be possible to create a critical bottom-up support structure to support program continuity in the development and execution of future global space exploration frameworks. With a focus on stepping stones, COSPAR can support a global space exploration program that stimulates scientists in current and emerging spacefaring nations, and that will invite those in developing countries to participate—pursuing research aimed at answering outstanding questions about the origins and evolution of our solar system and life on Earth (and possibly elsewhere). COSPAR, in cooperation with national and international science foundations and space-related organizations, will advocate this stepping stone approach to enhance future cooperative space exploration efforts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE research
KW  - STAKEHOLDERS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - International cooperation
KW  - Planetary protection
KW  - Space exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 69954486; Ehrenfreund, Pascale 1; Email Address: pehren@gwu.edu McKay, Chris 2 Rummel, John D. 3 Foing, Bernard H. 4 Neal, Clive R. 5 Masson-Zwaan, Tanja 6 Ansdell, Megan 1 Peter, Nicolas 7 Zarnecki, John 8 Mackwell, Steve 9 Perino, Maria Antionetta 10 Billings, Linda 11 Mankins, John 12 Race, Margaret 13; Affiliation:  1: Space Policy Institute, Elliott School of International Affairs, Washington, DC 20052, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  3: Institute for Coastal Science & Policy, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA  4: European Space Agency, ESTEC, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  5: Dept. of Civil Eng. & Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  6: International Institute of Air & Space Law, Leiden University, Steenschuur 25, 2311 ES Leiden, The Netherlands  7: European Space Agency, 8-10 Rue Mario Nikis, 75015 Paris, France  8: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK  9: USRA Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA  10: Thales Alenia Spazio, Strada Antica di Collegno 253, 10146 Torino, Italy  11: George Washington University, School of Media and Public Affairs, Washington, DC 20052, USA  12: Artemis Innovation Management Solutions LLC, P.O. Box 6660, Santa Maria, CA 93456, USA  13: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p2; Subject Term: SPACE research; Subject Term: STAKEHOLDERS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: International cooperation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.09.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69954486&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nahra, H.
AU  - Ghosn, L.
AU  - Christiansen, E.
AU  - Davis, B. A.
AU  - Keddy, C.
AU  - Rodriguez, K.
AU  - Miller, J.
AU  - Bohl, W.
T1  - BURST PRESSURE FAILURE OF TITANIUM TANKS DAMAGED BY SECONDARY PLUMES FROM HYPERVELOCITY IMPACTS ON ALUMINUM SHIELDS.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 1426
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 103
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Metallic pressure tanks used in space missions are inherently vulnerable to hypervelocity impacts from micrometeoroids and orbital debris; thereby knowledge of impact damage and its effect on the tank integrity is crucial to a spacecraft risk assessment. This paper describes tests that have been performed to assess the effects of hypervelocity impact (HVI) damage on Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) pressure vessels burst pressure and characteristics. The tests consisted of a pair of HVI impact tests on water-filled Ti-6Al-4V tanks (water being used as a surrogate to the actual propellant) and subsequent burst tests as well as a burst test on an undamaged control tank. The tanks were placed behind Aluminum (Al) shields and then each was impacted with a 7 km/s projectile. The resulting impact debris plumes partially penetrated the Ti-6Al-4V tank surfaces resulting in a distribution of craters. During the burst tests, the tank that failed at a lower burst pressure did appear to have the failure initiating at a crater site with observed spall cracks. A fracture mechanics analysis showed that the tanks failure at the impact location may have been due to a spall crack that formed upon impact of a fragmentation on the Titanium surface. This result was corroborated with a finite element analysis from calculated Von-Mises and hoop stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - ALUMINUM construction
KW  - HYPERVELOCITY
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - depth of penetration
KW  - fracture
KW  - Hypervelocity impacts
KW  - plume ejecta
KW  - Stress Intensity Factor
KW  - toughness
N1  - Accession Number: 100955183; Nahra, H. 1 Ghosn, L. 1 Christiansen, E. 1 Davis, B. A. 1 Keddy, C. 2 Rodriguez, K. 2 Miller, J. 3 Bohl, W. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Glenn Research Center, 21000 BrookparkRd., Cleveland, OH 44135  2: NASA White Sands Test Facility, P.O. Box 20, Las Cruces, NM 88004-0020  3: LockheedMartin, Space Systems Co., P.O.Box 179, Denver, Colorado, 80201, USA  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Mail Code SX2, Houston, TX 77058; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 1426 Issue 1, p100; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: ALUMINUM construction; Subject Term: HYPERVELOCITY; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: depth of penetration; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypervelocity impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: plume ejecta; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress Intensity Factor; Author-Supplied Keyword: toughness; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3686231
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100955183&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, Manoj M.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
T1  - Suppression of the Water Ice and Snow Albedo Feedback on Planets Orbiting Red Dwarf Stars and the Subsequent Widening of the Habitable Zone.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 8
SN  - 15311074
AB  - M stars comprise 80% of main sequence stars, so their planetary systems provide the best chance for finding habitable planets, that is, those with surface liquid water. We have modeled the broadband albedo or reflectivity of water ice and snow for simulated planetary surfaces orbiting two observed red dwarf stars (or M stars), using spectrally resolved data of Earth's cryosphere. The gradual reduction of the albedos of snow and ice at wavelengths greater than 1 μm, combined with M stars emitting a significant fraction of their radiation at these same longer wavelengths, means that the albedos of ice and snow on planets orbiting M stars are much lower than their values on Earth. Our results imply that the ice/snow albedo climate feedback is significantly weaker for planets orbiting M stars than for planets orbiting G-type stars such as the Sun. In addition, planets with significant ice and snow cover will have significantly higher surface temperatures for a given stellar flux if the spectral variation of cryospheric albedo is considered, which in turn implies that the outer edge of the habitable zone around M stars may be 10-30% farther away from the parent star than previously thought. Key Words: M stars-Habitable zone-Climate-Albedo-Habitability. Astrobiology 12, 3-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - WATER temperature
KW  - RED dwarf stars
KW  - CRYOSPHERE
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - BROADBAND antennas
N1  - Accession Number: 90251778; Joshi, Manoj M. 1 Haberle, Robert M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NCAS Climate, University of Reading, Reading, UK.  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: WATER temperature; Subject Term: RED dwarf stars; Subject Term: CRYOSPHERE; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: BROADBAND antennas; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0668
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251778&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Appourchaux, T.
AU  - Benomar, O.
AU  - Gruberbauer, M.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Handberg, R.
AU  - Verner, G. A.
AU  - Antia, H. M.
AU  - Campante, T. L.
AU  - Davies, G. R.
AU  - Deheuvels, S.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Howe, R.
AU  - Salabert, D.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - White, T. R.
AU  - Houdek, G.
AU  - Silva Aguirre, V.
AU  - Elsworth, Y. P.
AU  - Van Cleve, J.
T1  - Oscillation mode linewidths of main-sequence and subgiant stars observed by Kepler.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 537
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Solar-like oscillations have been observed by Kepler and CoRoT in several solar-type stars. Aims. We study the variations in the stellar p-mode linewidth as a function of effective temperature. Methods. We study a time series of nine months of Kepler data. We analyse the power spectra of 42 cool main-sequence stars and subgiants using both maximum likelihood estimators and Bayesian estimators to recover individual mode characteristics such as frequencies, linewidths, and mode heights. Results. We report on the mode linewidth at both maximum power and maximum mode height for these 42 stars as a function of effective temperature. Conclusions. We show that the mode linewidth at either maximum mode height or maximum amplitude follows a scaling relation with effective temperature, which is a combination of a power law and a lower bound. The typical power-law index is about 13 for the linewidth derived from the maximum mode height, and about 16 for the linewidth derived from the maximum amplitude, while the lower bound is about 0.3 μHz and 0.7 μHz, respectively. We stress that this scaling relation is only valid for cool main-sequence stars and subgiants, and does not have any predictive power outside the temperature range of these stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - SUBGIANT stars
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - asteroseismology
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - stars: solar-type
N1  - Accession Number: 82898767; Appourchaux, T. 1,2; Email Address: thierry.appourchaux@ias.u-psud.fr Benomar, O. 3 Gruberbauer, M. 4 Chaplin, W. J. 5 García, R. A. 6 Handberg, R. 7 Verner, G. A. 6 Antia, H. M. 8 Campante, T. L. 7,9 Davies, G. R. 6 Deheuvels, S. 10 Hekker, S. 5,11 Howe, R. 5 Salabert, D. 12 Bedding, T. R. 3 White, T. R. 3 Houdek, G. 13 Silva Aguirre, V. 14 Elsworth, Y. P. 5 Van Cleve, J. 15; Affiliation:  1: Université Paris-Sud, Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, UMR8617, CNRS, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  2: Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4030, USA  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia  4: Department of Astronomy & Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  6: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8 Aarhus C, Denmark  8: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 45, India  9: Centro de Astrofísica, DFA-Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  10: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, PO Box 208101, New Haven CT 06520-8101, USA  11: Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek", University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  12: Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS UMR 6202, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, BP 4229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France  13: Institute of Astronomy, University of Vienna, 1180 Vienna, Austria  14: Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany  15: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 537, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: SUBGIANT stars; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: solar-type; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201118496
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82898767&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehrenreich, D.
AU  - Vidal-Madjar, A.
AU  - Widemann, T.
AU  - Gronoff, G.
AU  - Tanga, P.
AU  - Barthélemy, M.
AU  - Lilensten, J.
AU  - Lecavelier des Etangs, A.
AU  - Arnold, L.
T1  - Transmission spectrum of Venus as a transiting exoplanet.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 537
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00046361
AB  - On 5-6 June 2012, Venus will be transiting the Sun for the last time before 2117. This event is an unique opportunity to assess the feasibility of the atmospheric characterisation of Earth-size exoplanets near the habitable zone with the transmission spectroscopy technique and provide an invaluable proxy for the atmosphere of such a planet. In this letter, we provide a theoretical transmission spectrum of the atmosphere of Venus that could be tested with spectroscopic observations during the 2012 transit. This is done using radiative transfer across Venus' atmosphere, with inputs from in-situ missions such as Venus Express and theoretical models. The transmission spectrum covers a range of 0.1-5 μm and probes the limb between 70 and 150 km in altitude. It is dominated in UV by carbon dioxide absorption producing a broad transit signal of ∼20 ppm as seen from Earth, and from 0.2 to 2.7 μm by Mie extinction (∼5 ppm at 0.8 μm) caused by droplets of sulfuric acid composing an upper haze layer above the main deck of clouds. These features are not expected for a terrestrial exoplanet and could help discriminating an Earth-like habitable world from a cytherean planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUN
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: individual: Venus
KW  - radiative transfer
KW  - scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 82898792; Ehrenreich, D. 1; Email Address: david.ehrenreich@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr Vidal-Madjar, A. 2 Widemann, T. 3 Gronoff, G. 4 Tanga, P. 5 Barthélemy, M. 1 Lilensten, J. 1 Lecavelier des Etangs, A. 2 Arnold, L. 6; Affiliation:  1: UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, France  2: Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, CNRS UMR 7095, Paris, France  3: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris-Diderot, Meudon, France  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Hampton, Virginia, USA  5: Laboratoire Cassiopée, UMR 6202, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Nice, France  6: Observatoire de Haute-Provence, CNRS/OAMP, Saint-Michel 'Observatoire, France; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 537, p1; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual: Venus; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201118400
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82898792&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - Elsworth, Y.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Mathur, S.
AU  - Belkacem, K.
AU  - Goupil, M. J.
AU  - Samadi, R.
AU  - Barban, C.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - Middour, C. K.
AU  - Morris, R. L.
AU  - Quintana, E. V.
T1  - Characterization of the power excess of solar-like oscillations in red giants with Kepler.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 537
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The space mission Kepler provides us with long and uninterrupted photometric time series of red giants. This allows us to examine their seismic global properties and to compare these with theoretical predictions. Aims. We aim to describe the oscillation power excess observed in red giant oscillation spectra with global seismic parameters, and to investigate empirical scaling relations governing these parameters. From these scalings relations, we derive new physical properties of red giant oscillations. Methods. Various different methods were compared in order to validate the processes and to derive reliable output values. For consistency, a single method was then used to determine scaling relations for the relevant global asteroseismic parameters: mean mode height, mean height of the background signal superimposed on the oscillation power excess, width of the power excess, bolometric amplitude of the radial modes and visibility of non-radial modes. A method for deriving oscillation amplitudes is proposed, which relies on the complete identification of the red giant oscillation spectrum. Results. The comparison of the different methods has shown the important role of the way the background is modelled. The convergence reached by the collaborative work enables us to derive significant results concerning the oscillation power excess. We obtain several scaling relations, and identify the influence of the stellar mass and the evolutionary status. The effect of helium burning on the red giant interior structure is confirmed: it yields a strong mass-radius relation for clump stars. We find that none of the amplitude scaling relations motivated by physical considerations predict the observed mode amplitudes of red giant stars. In parallel, the degree-dependent mode visibility exhibits important variations. Both effects seem related to the significant influence of the high mode mass of non-radial mixed modes. A family of red giants with very weak dipole modes is identified, and its properties are analyzed. Conclusions. The clear correlation between the power densities of the background signal and of the stellar oscillation induces important consequences to be considered for deriving a reliable theoretical relation of the mode amplitude. As a by-product of this work, we have verified that red giant asteroseismology delivers new insights for stellar and Galactic physics, given the evidence for mass loss at the tip of the red giant branch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - RED giants
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - stars: evolution
KW  - stars: interiors
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - stars: mass-loss
KW  - stars: oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 82898663; Mosser, B. 1; Email Address: benoit.mosser@obspm.fr Elsworth, Y. 2 Hekker, S. 2,3 Huber, D. 4 Kallinger, T. 5,6 Mathur, S. 7 Belkacem, K. 1,8 Goupil, M. J. 1 Samadi, R. 1 Barban, C. 1 Bedding, T. R. 4 Chaplin, W. J. 2 García, R. A. 9 Stello, D. 4 De Ridder, J. 6 Middour, C. K. 10 Morris, R. L. 11 Quintana, E. V. 11; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  2: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  3: Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek", University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  4: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Aust  5: Institute for Astronomy (IfA), University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria  6: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  7: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, PO Box 3000, CO 80307 Boulder, USA  8: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, UMR 8617, Université Paris XI, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  9: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM CNRS - Université Paris Diderot IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  10: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, CA 94035 Moffett Field, USA  11: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, CA 94035 Moffett Field, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 537, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: mass-loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201117352
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82898663&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosenberg, M.J.F.
AU  - Berné, O.
AU  - Boersma, C.
AU  - Allamandola, L.J.
AU  - Tielens, A.G.G.M.
T1  - Coupled blind signal separation and spectroscopic database fitting of the mid-infrared PAH features(Corrigendum).
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 537
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
SN  - 00046361
AB  - A correction to the article "Coupled blind signal separation and spectroscopic database fitting of the mid-infrared PAH features " is presented.
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - addenda
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - Errata
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - ISM: lines and bands
KW  - photon-dominated region (PDR)
N1  - Accession Number: 82898790; Rosenberg, M.J.F. 1,2; Email Address: rosenberg@strw.leidenuniv.nl Berné, O. 1 Boersma, C. 3; Email Address: Christiaan.Boersma@nasa.gov Allamandola, L.J. 3; Email Address: Louis.J.Allamandola@nasa.gov Tielens, A.G.G.M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Sterrewacht Leiden, Universiteit Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands  2: The International Space University, Parc d'Innovation, 1 rue Jean Dominique Cassini, 67400 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 537, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: addenda; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Errata; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: lines and bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: photon-dominated region (PDR); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201016340e
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82898790&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schady, P.
AU  - Dwelly, T.
AU  - Page, M. J.
AU  - Krühler, T.
AU  - Greiner, J.
AU  - Oates, S. R.
AU  - De Pasquale, M.
AU  - Nardini, M.
AU  - Roming, P. W. A.
AU  - Rossi, A.
AU  - Still, M.
T1  - The dust extinction curves of gamma-ray burst host galaxies.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 537
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The composition and amount of interstellar dust within gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies is of key importance when addressing selection effects in the GRB redshift distribution, and when studying the properties of their host galaxies. As well as the implications for GRB research, probing the dust within the high-z hosts of GRBs also contributes to our understanding of the conditions of the interstellar medium and star-formation in the distant Universe. Nevertheless, the physical properties of dust within GRB host galaxies continues to be a highly contended issue. In this paper we explore the mean extinction properties of dust within the host galaxies of a sample of 17 GRBs with total host galaxy visual extinction AV < 1 (><AV = 0.4), covering a redshift range z = 0.7-3.1. We find the average host extinction curve to have an ultraviolet slope comparable to that of the LMC, but with little evidence of a 2175 Å dust extinction feature as observed along Milky Way and LMC sightlines. We cannot at present rule out the presence of a 2175 Å feature, and both the standard SMC and LMC extinction curves also provide good fits to our data. However, we can reject an extinction curve that has a UV slope as flat as the mean Milky Way extinction curve, whilst also having a 2175 Å feature as prominent as seen in the mean MilkyWay extinction curve. This is in contrast to the clear detection of a 2175 Å bump and the flatter extinction curves of some more heavily extinguished GRBs (AV > 1), which may be indicative of there being a dependence between dust abundance and the wavelength dependence of dust extinction, as has been previously speculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RED shift
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - dust
KW  - extinction
KW  - galaxies: ISM
KW  - gamma-ray burst: general
KW  - ultraviolet: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 82898648; Schady, P. 1,2; Email Address: pschady@mpe.mpg.de Dwelly, T. 3 Page, M. J. 2 Krühler, T. 1,4,5 Greiner, J. 1 Oates, S. R. 2 De Pasquale, M. 2 Nardini, M. 1,6 Roming, P. W. A. 7 Rossi, A. 8 Still, M. 9; Affiliation:  1: Max-Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany  2: UCL Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK  3: Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK  4: Universe Cluster, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching, Germany  5: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  6: Deparment of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy  7: Space Science & Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Rd, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA  8: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany  9: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 537, p1; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma-ray burst: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet: ISM; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201117414
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82898648&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
AU  - Obland, M. D.
AU  - Butler, C. F.
AU  - Cook, A. L.
AU  - Harper, D. B.
AU  - Froyd, K. D.
T1  - Aerosol classification using airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar measurements-methodology and examples.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 98
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study which introduces an aerosol classification scheme for airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measurements of aerosol intensive parameters. Several examples of aerosol parameters measured by the Langley Research Center (LaRC) are provided. The study suggests that the lidar measurements of aerosol intensive parameters vary with location and aerosol types.
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Analysis
KW  - SPECTRAL sensitivity
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
N1  - Accession Number: 71490573; Burton, S. P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov Ferrare, R. A. 1 Hostetler, C. A. 1 Hair, J. W. 1 Rogers, R. R. 1 Obland, M. D. 1 Butler, C. F. 2 Cook, A. L. 1 Harper, D. B. 1 Froyd, K. D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, 23666, USA  3: Chemical Science Division, ESRL, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p73; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Analysis; Subject Term: SPECTRAL sensitivity; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 17 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-73-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71490573&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nair, P. J.
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, S.
AU  - Froidevaux, L.
AU  - Flynn, L. E.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
AU  - Pazmiño, A.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Steinbrecht, W.
AU  - Claude, H.
AU  - Leblanc, T.
AU  - McDermid, S.
AU  - van Gijsel, J. A. E.
AU  - Johnson, B.
AU  - Thomas, A.
AU  - Hubert, D.
AU  - Lambert, J.-C.
AU  - Nakane, H.
T1  - Relative drifts and stability of satellite and ground-based stratospheric ozone profiles at NDACC lidar stations.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 471
EP  - 516
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study which explores the satellite and ground-based stratospheric profiles of ozone lidars, which are active remote sensing instruments, at the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). The study describes the ozonesonde measurements and space-based observations. It also investigates the stability evaluation of ozone measurements and the temporal evolution of satellite data sets and drifts.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - OPTICAL radar in atmospheric chemistry
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 74024176; Nair, P. J. 1; Email Address: gopalapi@aero.jussieu.fr Godin-Beekmann, S. 1 Froidevaux, L. 2 Flynn, L. E. 3 Zawodny, J. M. 4 Russell III, J. M. 5 Pazmiño, A. 1 Ancellet, G. 1 Steinbrecht, W. 6 Claude, H. 6 Leblanc, T. 7 McDermid, S. 7 van Gijsel, J. A. E. 8 Johnson, B. 9 Thomas, A. 10 Hubert, D. 11 Lambert, J.-C. 11 Nakane, H. 12; Affiliation:  1: LATMOS-IPSL, UMR8190, CNRS/INSU - UPMC Université Paris 06, Paris, France  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD, USA  4: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA  6: Meteorologisches Observatorium, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeißenberg, Germany  7: Table Mountain Facility, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wrightwood, CA, USA  8: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands  9: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, USA  10: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand  11: Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy, (IASB-BIRA), Brussels, Belgium  12: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305, Japan; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p471; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar in atmospheric chemistry; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 46p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-5-471-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74024176&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sembhi, H.
AU  - Remedios, J.
AU  - Trent, T.
AU  - Moore, D. P.
AU  - Spang, R.
AU  - Massie, S.
AU  - Vernier, J.-P.
T1  - MIPAS detection of cloud and aerosol particle occurrence in the UTLS with comparison to HIRDLS and CALIOP.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1795
EP  - 1841
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article presents a study which compares the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) detection of occurrence in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) of cloud and aerosol particle and High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS) and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP). The study examines characteristics of a simulation method for improved thresholds for MIPAS cloud and aerosol detection. It also presents cloud detection results.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - MICHELSON interferometer
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 74024214; Sembhi, H. 1; Email Address: hs32@le.ac.uk Remedios, J. 1 Trent, T. 1 Moore, D. P. 1 Spang, R. 2 Massie, S. 3 Vernier, J.-P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Earth Observation Science, Space Research Centre, Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK  2: Institute for Energy and Climate Research – Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum J¨ ulich, 52425 J¨ ulich, Germany  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p1795; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: MICHELSON interferometer; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Number of Pages: 47p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-5-1795-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74024214&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Afsar, M.Z.
T1  - Insight into the two-source structure of the jet noise spectrum using a generalized shell model of turbulence
JO  - European Journal of Mechanics B: Fluids
JF  - European Journal of Mechanics B: Fluids
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 31
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 139
SN  - 09977546
AB  - Abstract: There is a large body of experimental evidence which shows that the jet noise spectrum is composed of two sources. Our aim here is to prove, mathematically, that the two-source paradigm can be derived using a minimum number of self-consistent approximations based on our current knowledge of jet turbulence in cold flows. The starting point of the paper is Goldstein’s (2003)  exact re-arrangement of the Navier–Stokes equations, which shows that turbulence enters the acoustic spectrum formula through the Reynolds stress auto-covariance tensor. We extend the shell model of turbulence using a more general symmetry approximation that amounts to assuming that the Reynolds stress auto-covariance is, firstly, axi-symmetric, and secondly is equivalent to the same tensor only after it has been averaged (point-wise) over the azimuthal separation. As a consequence of these two assumptions, the space–time Fourier transform of the Reynolds stress auto-covariance (which we refer to as the spectral tensor) depends on the transverse wave vector only through the square of its magnitude and, moreover, is also an axi-symmetric tensor. This defines the generalized shell model (or GSM) and we apply it to the jet noise problem. The final result shows that the acoustic spectrum can be written as the sum of two groups of terms, one of which corresponds to the peak jet noise in the weakly non-parallel flow limit. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of European Journal of Mechanics B: Fluids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - ELECTRONIC noise
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - ANALYSIS of covariance
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - Jet noise
KW  - Shell models
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 67700419; Afsar, M.Z. 1; Email Address: mohammed.afsar@cantab.net; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook park Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 31, p129; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC noise; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of covariance; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shell models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2011.06.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67700419&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wohl, Christopher J.
AU  - Atkins, Brad M.
AU  - Belcher, Marcus A.
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - Synthesis, characterization, topographical modification, and surface properties of copoly(imide siloxane)s.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 49
SN  - 09540083
AB  - Novel copoly(imide siloxane)s were synthesized from commercially available aminopropyl terminated siloxane oligomers, aromatic dianhydrides, and diamines. This synthetic approach produced copolymers with well-defined siloxane blocks linked with imide units in a random fashion. The copoly(amide acid)s were characterized by solution viscosity and subsequently used to cast thin films followed by thermal imidization in an inert atmosphere. Thin films were characterized using contact angle goniometry, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, confocal and optical microscopy, and tensile testing. Adhesion of micron-sized particles was determined quantitatively using a sonication device. The polydimethylsiloxane moieties lowered the copolymer surface energy due to migration of siloxane moieties to the film’s surface, resulting in a notable reduction in particle adhesion. A further reduction in particle adhesion was achieved by introducing topographical features on a scale of several to tens of microns by a laser ablation technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - SILICONES
KW  - AROMATIC compounds
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - LASER ablation
KW  - abhesion
KW  - lunar dust
KW  - polyimide
KW  - siloxane
KW  - superhydrophobicity
N1  - Accession Number: 74044841; Wohl, Christopher J. 1 Atkins, Brad M. 2 Belcher, Marcus A. 3 Connell, John W. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA christopher.j.wohl@nasa.gov  2: Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholar (LARSS), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA [Currently employed at The Boeing Company]  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p40; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: SILICONES; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Author-Supplied Keyword: abhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: siloxane; Author-Supplied Keyword: superhydrophobicity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5204
L3  - 10.1177/0954008311431113
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74044841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Chambers, John E.
T1  - Obliquity variations of a moonless Earth
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 217
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 87
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We numerically explore the obliquity (axial tilt) variations of a hypothetical moonless Earth. Previous work has shown that the Earth’s Moon stabilizes Earth’s obliquity such that it remains within a narrow range, between 22.1° and 24.5°. Without lunar influence, a frequency map analysis by Laskar et al. (Laskar, J., Joutel, F., Robutel, P. [1993]. Nature 361, 615–617) showed that the obliquity could vary between 0° and 85°. This has left an impression in the astrobiology community that a big moon is necessary to maintain a habitable climate on an Earth-like planet. Using a modified version of the orbital integrator mercury, we calculate the obliquity evolution for moonless Earths with various initial conditions for up to 4Gyr. We find that while obliquity varies significantly more than that of the actual Earth over 100,000year timescales, the obliquity remains within a constrained range, typically 20–25° in extent, for timescales of hundreds of millions of years. None of our Solar System integrations in which planetary orbits behave in a typical manner show obliquity accessing more than 65% of the full range allowed by frequency-map analysis. The obliquities of moonless Earths that rotate in the retrograde direction are more stable than those of prograde rotators. The total obliquity range explored for moonless Earths with rotation periods less than 12h is much less than that for slower-rotating moonless Earths. A large moon thus does not seem to be needed to stabilize the obliquity of an Earth-like planet on timescales relevant to the development of advanced life. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MOON
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Earth
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Rotational dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 70024859; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Email Address: jack.j.lissauer@nasa.gov Barnes, Jason W. 1,2; Email Address: jwbarnes@uidaho.edu Chambers, John E. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, M/S 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: University of Idaho, Department of Physics, Campus Box 440903, Moscow, ID 83844-0903, United States  3: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Rd., NW, Washington, DC 20015, United States; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 217 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational dynamics; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.10.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70024859&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
AU  - Wang, Yongli
T1  - Illumination conditions at the Asteroid 4 Vesta: Implications for the presence of water ice
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 217
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 272
EP  - 276
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The mean illumination conditions and surface temperatures over one orbital period are calculated for the Asteroid 4 Vesta using a coarse digital elevation model produced from Hubble Space Telescope images. Even with the anticipated effects of finer-scale topography taken into account, it is unlikely that any significant permanently shadowed regions currently exist on Vesta due to its large axial tilt (≈27°). However, under present day conditions, it is predicted that about half of Vesta’s surface has an average temperature of less than 145K, which, based on previous thermal modeling of main belt asteroids, suggests that water ice could survive in the top few meters of the vestal regolith on billion-year timescales. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIGITAL elevation models
KW  - ICE
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - VESTA (Asteroid)
KW  - Asteroid Vesta
KW  - Asteroids, Surfaces
KW  - Ices
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Thermal histories
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 70024874; Stubbs, Timothy J. 1,2,3; Email Address: Timothy.J.Stubbs@NASA.gov Wang, Yongli 2,3,4; Email Address: Yongli.Wang@NASA.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Goddard Planetary Heliophysics Institute, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21228, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 217 Issue 1, p272; Subject Term: DIGITAL elevation models; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: VESTA (Asteroid); Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid Vesta; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids, Surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal histories; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70024874&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sonnabend, Guido
AU  - Sornig, Manuela
AU  - Kroetz, Peter
AU  - Stupar, Dusan
T1  - Mars mesospheric zonal wind around northern spring equinox from infrared heterodyne observations of CO2
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 217
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 321
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We present direct observations of Mars zonal wind velocities around northern spring equinox (LS =336°, LS =355°, LS =42°) during martian year 27 and 29. Data was acquired by means of infrared heterodyne spectroscopy of CO2 features at 959.3917cm−1 (10.4232μm) and 957.8005cm−1 (10.4405μm) using the Cologne Tuneable Heterodyne Infrared Spectrometer (THIS) at the McMath–Pierce telescope of the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak in Arizona and the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea, Hawaii between 2005 and 2008. Winds were measured on the dayside of Mars with an unprecedented spatial resolution allowing sampling of up to nine independent latitudes over the martian disk. Retrieved wind velocities depend strongly on latitude and season with values ranging from 180m/s prograde to −94m/s retrograde. A comparison of the observational results to predicted values from the Mars Climate Database yield a reasonable agreement between modeling and observation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - ZONAL winds
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - VERNAL equinox
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Atmospheres, Dynamics
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 70024923; Sonnabend, Guido 1,2,3; Email Address: samstag@ph1.uni-koeln.de Sornig, Manuela 2,3,4 Kroetz, Peter 1,2,3 Stupar, Dusan 1,2,3; Affiliation:  1: I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany  2: National Solar Observatory, Operated by The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), Under Cooperative Agreement with The National Science Foundation, United States [1] Visiting Astronmer. 1  3: The Infrared Telescope Facility, Which is Operated by The University of Hawaii Under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program, United States 1  4: Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Abt. Planetenforschung, 50931 Köln, Germany; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 217 Issue 1, p315; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: ZONAL winds; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: VERNAL equinox; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70024923&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phillips, Thomas A.
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Modeling of Sonos Memory Cell Erase Cycle.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 132
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 70
EP  - 75
SN  - 10584587
AB  - This paper investigates the Silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory cell erase cycle. A nonquasi-static (NQS) MOSFET model was developed and implemented in software. The model equations were incrementally solved at each time step. During an erase cycle, a negative pulse is applied to the gate which causes Fowler-Nordheim tunneling between the floating gate and channel. The SONOS floating gate voltage, tunneling current, and threshold voltage were characterized during this erase cycle. Comparisons were made between the model predictions and experimental data for the threshold voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUASIPARTICLES (Physics)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR storage devices
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - SILICON
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - Flash Memory
KW  - MOSFET Model
KW  - SONOS
N1  - Accession Number: 74464728; Phillips, Thomas A. 1; Email Address: thomas.a.phillips@nasa.gov MacLeod, Todd C. 1 Ho, Fat D. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, USA  2: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 132 Issue 1, p70; Subject Term: QUASIPARTICLES (Physics); Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR storage devices; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flash Memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOSFET Model; Author-Supplied Keyword: SONOS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.660819
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74464728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - John, Caroline S.
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Evans, Joe
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Characterization of an Autonomous Non-Volatile Ferroelectric Memory Latch.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 132
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 76
EP  - 81
SN  - 10584587
AB  - In this paper we present an autonomous non-volatile ferroelectric memory latch using the principle that when an electric field is applied to a ferroelectric capacitor, the positive and negative remnant polarization charge states of the capacitor are denoted as either data ‘0’ or data ‘1’. The latch holds the new data as long as power is applied and returns automatically to that state when the power is removed and reapplied ensuring non-volatility. Further the memory latch is autonomous as it operates with the ground, power and output node connections only. The unique quality of this latch circuit is that it can be written when powered off. The circuit was laid out using discrete components which was used to characterize the design. This paper analyses the electrical characterization and the data retention of the circuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRICITY
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - FLIP-flop circuits
KW  - CAPACITORS
KW  - autonomous
KW  - Ferroelectric capacitor
KW  - memory latch
KW  - non-volatile
N1  - Accession Number: 74464729; John, Caroline S. 1 MacLeod, Todd C. 2; Email Address: todd.macleod@nasa.gov Evans, Joe 3 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, USA  3: Radiant Technologies Inc., USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 132 Issue 1, p76; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: FLIP-flop circuits; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: autonomous; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectric capacitor; Author-Supplied Keyword: memory latch; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-volatile; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.660821
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74464729&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mitchell, Cody
AU  - Laws, Crystal
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Characteristics of a Nonvolatile SRAM Cell Utilizing a Ferroelectric Transistor.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 132
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 87
SN  - 10584587
AB  - The SRAM cell circuit is a standard for volatile data storage. When utilizing one or more ferroelectric transistors, the hysteresis characteristics give unique properties to the SRAM circuit, providing for investigation into the development of a nonvolatile memory cell. This paper discusses various formations of the SRAM circuit, using ferroelectric transistors, n-channel and p-channel MOSFETs, and resistive loads. With varied source and supply voltages, the effects on the timing and retention characteristics are investigated, including retention times of up to 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RANDOM access memory
KW  - FLIP-flop circuits
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - FERROELECTRICITY
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - ferroelectric
KW  - nonvolatile
KW  - SRAM
N1  - Accession Number: 74464730; Mitchell, Cody 1 Laws, Crystal 1 MacLeod, Todd C. 2; Email Address: todd.macleod@nasa.gov Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 132 Issue 1, p82; Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; Subject Term: FLIP-flop circuits; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonvolatile; Author-Supplied Keyword: SRAM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.660822
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74464730&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MacLeod, Todd C.
AU  - Sims, W. Herb
AU  - Varnavas, Kosta A.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Results from on-Orbit Testing of the Fram Memory Test Experiment on the Fastsat Micro-Satellite.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 132
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 88
EP  - 98
SN  - 10584587
AB  - The Memory Test Experiment is a space test of a ferroelectric memory device on a low Earth orbit satellite that launched in November 2010. The memory device being tested is a commercial Ramtron Inc. 512K memory device. The circuit was designed into the FASTSAT avionics and is not used to control the satellite. The test consists of writing and reading data with the ferroelectric based memory device. Any errors are detected and are stored on board the satellite. The data is sent to the ground through telemetry once a day. Analysis of the data can determine the kind of error that was found and will lead to a better understanding of the effects of space radiation on memory systems. The test is one of the first flight demonstrations of ferroelectric memory in a near polar orbit which allows testing in a varied radiation environment. The initial data from the test is presented. This paper details the goals and purpose of this experiment as well as the development process. The process for analyzing the data to gain the maximum understanding of the performance of the ferroelectric memory device is detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC storage cells
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
KW  - PROJECT POSSUM
KW  - Component
KW  - FRAM
KW  - radiation test
KW  - satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 74464731; MacLeod, Todd C. 1; Email Address: todd.macleod@nasa.gov Sims, W. Herb 1 Varnavas, Kosta A. 1 Ho, Fat D. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, USA  2: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 132 Issue 1, p88; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC storage cells; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; Subject Term: PROJECT POSSUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Component; Author-Supplied Keyword: FRAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation test; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.660829
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74464731&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swar, Rohan
AU  - Hamed, Awatef
AU  - Shin, Dongyun
AU  - Woggon, Nathanial
AU  - Miller, Robert
T1  - Deterioration of Thermal Barrier Coated Turbine Blades by Erosion.
JO  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
JF  - International Journal of Rotating Machinery
Y1  - 2012/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 1023621X
AB  - A combined experimental and computational study was conducted to investigate the erosion of thermal barrier coated (TBC) blade surfaces by alumina particles ingestion in a single-stage turbine. In the experimental investigation, tests were performed to determine the erosion rates and particle restitution characteristics under different impact conditions. The experimental results show that the erosion rates increase with increased impingement angle, impact velocity, and temperature. In the computational simulations, an Euler-Lagrangian two-stage approach is used in obtaining numerical solutions to the threedimensional compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and the particles equations of motion in each blade passage reference frame. User defined functions (UDFs) were developed to represent experimentally based correlations for particle surface interaction models and TBC erosion rates models. UDFs were employed in the three-dimensional particle trajectory simulations to determine the particle rebound characteristics and TBC erosion rates on the blade surfaces. Computational results are presented in a commercial turbine and a NASA-designed automotive turbine. The similarities between the erosion patterns in the two turbines are discussed for uniform particle ingestion and for particle ingestion concentrated in the inner and outer 5% of the stator blade span to represent the flow cooling of the combustor liner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Rotating Machinery is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBINES -- Blades
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - MATERIALS -- Erosion
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - COMPRESSORS -- Blades
KW  - AUTOMOTIVE engineering
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 86828375; Swar, Rohan 1 Hamed, Awatef 1 Shin, Dongyun 1; Email Address: shindn@mail.uc.edu Woggon, Nathanial 1 Miller, Robert 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Aerospace Systems, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2012, p1; Subject Term: TURBINES -- Blades; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Erosion; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: COMPRESSORS -- Blades; Subject Term: AUTOMOTIVE engineering; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811198 All Other Automotive Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541420 Industrial Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336211 Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336111 Automobile Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2012/601837
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86828375&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shouse, D. T.
AU  - Neuroth, C.
AU  - Hendricks, R. C.
AU  - Lynch, A.
AU  - Frayne, C. W.
AU  - Stutrud, J. S.
AU  - Corporan, E.
AU  - Hankins, Capt. T.
T1  - Alternate-Fueled Combustor-Sector Performance--Part A: Combustor Performance and Part B: Combustor Emissions.
JO  - ISRN Mechanical Engineering
JF  - ISRN Mechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2012/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 20905122
AB  - Alternate aviation fuels for military or commercial use are required to satisfy MIL-DTL-83133F or ASTM D 7566 standards, respectively, and are classified as "drop-in" fuel replacements. To satisfy legacy issues, blends to 50% alternate fuel with petroleum fuels are acceptable. Adherence to alternate fuels and fuel blends requires "smart fueling systems" or advanced fuel-flexible systems, including combustors and engines, without significant sacrifice in performance or emissions requirements. This paper provides preliminary performance and emissions and particulates combustor sector data. The data are for nominal inlet conditions at 225 psia and 800?F (1.551MPa and 700 K), for synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene- (SPK-) type (Fisher-Tropsch (FT)) fuel and blends with JP-8+100 relative to JP-8+100 as baseline fueling. Assessments are made of the change in combustor efficiency, wall temperatures, emissions, and luminosity with SPK of 0%, 50%, and 100% fueling composition at 3%combustor pressure drop. The performance results (Part A) indicate no quantifiable differences in combustor efficiency, a general trend to lower liner and higher core flow temperatures with increased FT fuel blends. In general, emissions data (Part B) show little differences, but, with percent increase in FT-SPK-type fueling, particulate emissions and wall temperatures are less than with baseline JP-8. High-speed photography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISRN Mechanical Engineering is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FUEL switching
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - DIESEL motor exhaust gas
N1  - Accession Number: 86870902; Shouse, D. T. 1 Neuroth, C. 1 Hendricks, R. C. 2; Email Address: robert.c.hendricks@grc.nasa.gov Lynch, A. 1 Frayne, C. W. 1 Stutrud, J. S. 1 Corporan, E. 1 Hankins, Capt. T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Turbine Engine Division, Combustor Group, AFRL, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (WPAFB), OH 45433, USA  2: Research and Technology Directorate, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2012, p1; Subject Term: FUEL switching; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: DIESEL motor exhaust gas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5402/2012/684981
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86870902&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, Anna E.
AU  - Saxena, Nikita T.
AU  - Shouse, Dale T.
AU  - Neuroth, Craig
AU  - Lynch, Amy
AU  - Frayne, Charles W.
AU  - Stutrud, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Corporan, Edwin
AU  - Hankins, Terry
AU  - Hendricks, Robert C.
T1  - Heating and Efficiency Comparison of a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Fuel, JP-8+100, and Blends in a Three-Cup Combustor Sector.
JO  - ISRN Mechanical Engineering
JF  - ISRN Mechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2012/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 20905122
AB  - In order to realize alternative fueling for military and commercial use, industry guidelines be met. These aviation fueling requirements are outlined in MIL-DTL-83133F(2008) or ASTM D 7566-Annex standards and are classified as "drop-in" fuel replacements. This paper provides combustor performance data for synthetic-paraffinic-kerosene- (SPK-) type (Fisher-Tropsch (FT)) fuel and blends with JP8+100, relative to JP-8+100 as baseline fueling. Data were taken at various nominal inlet conditions: 75 psia (0.52MPa) at 500?F (533 K), 125 psia (0.86MPa) at 625?F (603 K), 175 psia (1.21MPa) at 725?F (658 K), and 225 psia (1.55MPa) at 790 F (694 K). Combustor performance analysis assessments were made for the change in flame temperatures, combustor efficiency, wall temperatures, and exhaust plane temperatures at 3%, 4%, and 5% combustor pressure drop (%P) for fuel:air ratios (F/A) ranging from 0.010 to 0.025. Significant general trends show lower liner temperatures and higher flame and combustor outlet temperatures with increases in FT fueling relative to JP8+100 fueling. The latter affects both turbine efficiency and blade/vane life. In general, 100% SPK-FT fuel and blends with JP-8+100 produce less particulates and less smoke and have lower thermal impact on combustor hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISRN Mechanical Engineering is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEATING
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - FUEL industry
KW  - FISCHER-Tropsch process
KW  - MIXTURES
N1  - Accession Number: 86870910; Thomas, Anna E. 1 Saxena, Nikita T. 2 Shouse, Dale T. 3 Neuroth, Craig 3 Lynch, Amy 3 Frayne, Charles W. 3 Stutrud, Jeffrey S. 3 Corporan, Edwin 3 Hankins, Terry 3 Hendricks, Robert C. 4; Email Address: robert.c.hendricks@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Chemical Engineering Department, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  2: Biomedical Engineering Department, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA  3: Turbine Engine Division, AFRL/WPAFB, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2012, p1; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: FUEL industry; Subject Term: FISCHER-Tropsch process; Subject Term: MIXTURES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5402/2012/920147
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86870910&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heymsfield, Ernest
AU  - Fasanella, Edwin L.
AU  - Hardy, Robin C.
AU  - Boitnott, Richard L.
T1  - Assessment of Soil Modeling Capability for Orion Contingency Land Landing.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 131
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Twenty-one swing tests were conducted at the NASA Langley Landing and Impact Research (LandIR) Facility in 2006 to evaluate Orion boilerplate ground landings as a function of impact velocity and pitch. In this article, experimental results from two capsule swing tests and three vertical drop tests are compared with numerical results. The numerical results were derived by using the nonlinear dynamic finite-element code LS-DYNA. The swing tests were conducted at 0° and -15° pitch, impacting a level soil mat at a 17.68 m/s (58 fps) horizontal velocity and 1.52 m/s (5 fps) vertical impact velocity. Three vertical drop tests were conducted with the boilerplate capsule at 0° pitch. Each test was conducted to measure the impact on a level soil mat with varying impact velocities: 3.66 m/s, 7.31 m/s, and 10.97 m/s (12, 24, and 36 fps). Results of the study show the potential of using numerical modeling for vertical drop test and swing test simulations. Discrepancies between the numerical and experimental simulations primarily stem from the nonuniformity and complexity of soil behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORION (Constellation)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - LANDING (Aeronautics)
KW  - SOIL composition
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 71815654; Heymsfield, Ernest 1; Email Address: ernie@uark.edu Fasanella, Edwin L. 2; Email Address: Edwin.L.Fasanella@nasa.gov Hardy, Robin C. 3; Email Address: robin.c.hardy@nasa.gov Boitnott, Richard L. 3; Email Address: richard.l.boitnott@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 (corresponding author)  2: Senior Research Fellow, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23681  3: Aerospace Research Engineer, Structural Dynamics, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p125; Subject Term: ORION (Constellation); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: LANDING (Aeronautics); Subject Term: SOIL composition; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000089
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71815654&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Kumar, Akhilesh
AU  - Tran, Luan H.
AU  - Wang, Angela
AU  - Limoli, Charles L.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
T1  - Low-Dose, Ionizing Radiation and Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Microarchitecture.
JO  - Journal of Aging Research
JF  - Journal of Aging Research
Y1  - 2012/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 20902204
AB  - Osteoporosis can profoundly affect the aged as a consequence of progressive bone loss; high-dose ionizing radiation can cause similar changes, although less is known about lower doses (≤100 cGy). We hypothesized that exposure to relatively low doses of gamma radiation accelerates structural changes characteristic of skeletal aging. Mice (C57BL/6J-10wk old, male) were irradiated (total body; 0-sham, 1, 10 or 100 cGy 137Cs) and tissues harvested on the day of irradiation, 1 or 4months later. Microcomputed tomography was used to quantify microarchitecture of high turnover, cancellous bone. Irradiation at 100 cGy caused transient microarchitectural changes over one month that were only evident at longer times in controls (4 months). Ex vivo bone cell differentiation from the marrow was unaffected by gamma radiation. In conclusion, acute ionizing gamma irradiation at 100 cGy (but not at 1 cGy or 10 cGy) exacerbated microarchitectural changes normally found during progressive, postpubertal aging prior to the onset of age-related osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aging Research is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AGING
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - ANIMAL experimentation
KW  - BONE marrow
KW  - CELL culture
KW  - MICE
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - RESEARCH -- Finance
KW  - SKELETON
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - DATA analysis -- Software
KW  - DESCRIPTIVE statistics
KW  - EXAMINATION
N1  - Accession Number: 85318928; Alwood, Joshua S. 1 Kumar, Akhilesh 1 Tran, Luan H. 1 Wang, Angela 1 Limoli, Charles L. 2 Globus, Ruth K. 1; Email Address: ruth.k.globus@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Bone and Signaling Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Source Info: 2012, p1; Subject Term: AGING; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: ANIMAL experimentation; Subject Term: BONE marrow; Subject Term: CELL culture; Subject Term: MICE; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: SKELETON; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: DATA analysis -- Software; Subject Term: DESCRIPTIVE statistics; Subject Term: EXAMINATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2012/481983
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85318928&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nigam, Yamni
AU  - Knight, John
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
AU  - Bayer, Antony
T1  - Physiological Changes Associated with Aging and Immobility.
JO  - Journal of Aging Research
JF  - Journal of Aging Research
Y1  - 2012/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
SN  - 20902204
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue on topics including age-related loss of muscle strength, age-related changes in strength and balance, and the association of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health condition in older people.
KW  - AGING
KW  - MOVEMENT disorders
KW  - SERIAL publications
N1  - Accession Number: 85318921; Nigam, Yamni 1; Email Address: y.nigam@swansea.ac.uk Knight, John 1 Bhattacharya, Sharmila 2 Bayer, Antony 3; Affiliation:  1: College of Human and Health Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK  2: Biomodel Performance Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Geriatric Medicine, University Hospital Llandough, Cardiff University, Penarth CF64 2XX, UK; Source Info: 2012, p1; Subject Term: AGING; Subject Term: MOVEMENT disorders; Subject Term: SERIAL publications; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2012/468469
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85318921&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara
AU  - Hinders, Mark
T1  - Viscous effects in the acoustic manipulation of algae for biofuel production.
JO  - Journal of Applied Phycology
JF  - Journal of Applied Phycology
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 145
EP  - 156
SN  - 09218971
AB  - Microalgae are emerging as a promising source for environmentally friendly biofuels. Acoustic manipulation of algal cells using standing waves is a relatively new method for dewatering and/or sorting algae harvests. Recent work in the field has shown that acoustic dewatering methods may be more efficient and economical than traditional methods. Optimization of acoustic algal cell manipulation requires a knowledge of the acoustic radiation force upon the cells. Previous work in the field does not account for viscosity of the algal cells or surrounding fluid. We have implemented inviscid and viscous acoustic force models for standing waves incident upon algal cells in salt and freshwater. The results presented in this paper show that significant viscous effects can occur at certain frequencies and/or cell sizes and may need to be taken into account in the development of efficient experimental techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Phycology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROALGAE
KW  - BIOMASS energy
KW  - ALGAE
KW  - CELLS
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiation
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - Acoustic force
KW  - Acoustic manipulation
KW  - Acoustic sorting
KW  - Algae biofuels
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - Microalgae
KW  - Micromanipulation
N1  - Accession Number: 70278504; Leckey, Cara 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov Hinders, Mark 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231 3B East Taylor St Hampton 23681 USA  2: Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg 23187 USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p145; Subject Term: MICROALGAE; Subject Term: BIOMASS energy; Subject Term: ALGAE; Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic force; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic manipulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic sorting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algae biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microalgae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromanipulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112510 Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112519 Other Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10811-011-9662-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Wei
AU  - Shu, Chi-Wang
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Sjögreen, Björn
T1  - High order finite difference methods with subcell resolution for advection equations with stiff source terms
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 231
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 214
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: A new high order finite-difference method utilizing the idea of Harten ENO subcell resolution method is proposed for chemical reactive flows and combustion. In reaction problems, when the reaction time scale is very small, e.g., orders of magnitude smaller than the fluid dynamics time scales, the governing equations will become very stiff. Wrong propagation speed of discontinuity may occur due to the underresolved numerical solution in both space and time. The present proposed method is a modified fractional step method which solves the convection step and reaction step separately. In the convection step, any high order shock-capturing method can be used. In the reaction step, an ODE solver is applied but with the computed flow variables in the shock region modified by the Harten subcell resolution idea. For numerical experiments, a fifth-order finite-difference WENO scheme and its anti-diffusion WENO variant are considered. A wide range of 1D and 2D scalar and Euler system test cases are investigated. Studies indicate that for the considered test cases, the new method maintains high order accuracy in space for smooth flows, and for stiff source terms with discontinuities, it can capture the correct propagation speed of discontinuities in very coarse meshes with reasonable CFL numbers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - RESOLUTION (Optics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SPACE & time
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - Detonation
KW  - ENO subcell resolution
KW  - Shock capturing
KW  - Stiff reaction term
KW  - WENO
N1  - Accession Number: 66746060; Wang, Wei 1; Email Address: weiwang1@fiu.edu Shu, Chi-Wang 2 Yee, H.C. 3 Sjögreen, Björn 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, United States  2: Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, United States; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 231 Issue 1, p190; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Optics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SPACE & time; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detonation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ENO subcell resolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock capturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stiff reaction term; Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2011.08.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, Rishi
AU  - Jungho Kim
AU  - McQuillen, John
T1  - On the Scaling of Pool Boiling Heat Flux With Gravity and Heater Size.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 134
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11502.1
EP  - 11502.13
SN  - 00221481
AB  - A framework for scaling poor boiling heat flux is developed using data from various heater sizes over a range of gravity levels. Boiling is buoyancy dominated for large heaters and/or high gravity conditions and the heat flux is heater size independent. The power law coefficient for gravity is a function of wall temperature. As the heater size or gravity level is reduced, a sharp transition in the heat flux is observed at a threshold value of Lh/Lc = 2.1. Below this threshold value, boiling is suiface tension dominated and the dependence on gravity is smaller. The gravity scaling parameter for the heat flux in the buoyancy dominated boiling regime developed in the previous work is updated to account for subcooling effect. Based on this scaling parameter and the transition criteria, a methodology for predicting heat flux in the suiface tension dominated boiling regime, typically observed under low-gravity conditions, is developed: Given the heat flux at a reference gravity level and heater size, tile current framework allows the prediction of heat flux at any other gravity level and/or heater size under similar experimental condi(ions. The prediction is validated using data at over a range of suhcoolings (11 °C ⩽ ΔΤsub ⩽ 32.6 °C), heater sizes (2.1 mm ⩽ Lh ⩽ 7 mm), and dissolved gas concentrations (3 ppm ⩽ cg ⩽ 3500 ppm). The prediction errors are significantly smaller thait those from correlations currently available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Heat Transfer is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT flux measurement
KW  - EFFECT of reduced gravity on ebullition
KW  - POWER law (Mathematics)
KW  - TRANSITION temperature
KW  - BUOYANT ascent (Hydrodynamics)
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - dissolved gas
KW  - heater size
KW  - pool boiling
KW  - scaling parameter
KW  - suhcooling
KW  - variable gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 74151433; Raj, Rishi 1; Email Address: rraj@umd.edu Jungho Kim 1; Email Address: kimjh@umd.edu McQuillen, John 2; Email Address: John.B.McQuillen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p11502.1; Subject Term: HEAT flux measurement; Subject Term: EFFECT of reduced gravity on ebullition; Subject Term: POWER law (Mathematics); Subject Term: TRANSITION temperature; Subject Term: BUOYANT ascent (Hydrodynamics); Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: dissolved gas; Author-Supplied Keyword: heater size; Author-Supplied Keyword: pool boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: scaling parameter; Author-Supplied Keyword: suhcooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: variable gravity; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4004370
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Lieberson, Robert E
AU  - Veeravagu, Anand
AU  - Eckerman, Jan M
AU  - Doty, James R
AU  - Jiang, Bowen
AU  - Andrews, Russell
AU  - Chang, Steven D
T1  - Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from prostate carcinoma: a case report.
JO  - Journal of Medical Case Reports
JF  - Journal of Medical Case Reports
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 139
EP  - 142
SN  - 17521947
AB  - Introduction: Although vertebral and epidural metastases are common, intradural metastases and intramedullary spinal cord metastases are rare. The indications for the treatment of intramedullary spinal cord metastases remain controversial. We present the first biopsy-proven case of an intramedullary spinal cord metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Case presentation: Our patient was a 68-year-old right-handed Caucasian man with a Gleason grade 4 + 3 prostate adenocarcinoma who had previously undergone a prostatectomy, androgen blockade and transurethral debulking. He presented with new-onset saddle anesthesia and fecal incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a spindle-shaped intramedullary lesion of the conus medullaris. Our patient underwent decompression and an excisional biopsy; the lesion's pathology was consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Postoperatively, our patient received CyberKnifeW radiosurgery to the resection cavity at a marginal dose of 27Gy to the 85% isodose line. At three months follow-up, our patient remains neurologically stable with no new deficits or lesions. Conclusions: We review the literature and discuss the indications for surgery and radiosurgery for intramedullary spinal cord metastases. We also report the novel use of stereotactic radiosurgery to sterilize the resection cavity following an excisional biopsy of the metastasis [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Medical Case Reports is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CANCER invasiveness
KW  - PATHOLOGY
KW  - EXOCRINE glands
KW  - NEUROSURGERY
N1  - Accession Number: 80095461; Lieberson, Robert E 1 Veeravagu, Anand 1 Eckerman, Jan M 1 Doty, James R 1 Jiang, Bowen 1 Andrews, Russell 2 Chang, Steven D 1,3; Email Address: sdchang@stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA.  3: Department of Neurosurgery, Robert C and Jeannette Powell Professor in the Neurosciences, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room R-225, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p139; Subject Term: CANCER invasiveness; Subject Term: PATHOLOGY; Subject Term: EXOCRINE glands; Subject Term: NEUROSURGERY; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Case Study
L3  - 10.1186/1752-1947-6-139
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Exoplanets: Birth of a new field of study
JO  - New Astronomy Reviews
JF  - New Astronomy Reviews
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 56
IS  - 1
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 13876473
N1  - Accession Number: 71696770; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Email Address: Jack.J.Lissauer@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p1; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.newar.2011.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - di Lauro, Carlo
AU  - Lattanzi, Franca
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Vander Auwera, Jean
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - High resolution investigation of the 7μm region of the ethane spectrum
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 101
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Building upon previous studies, we re-investigated the ethane spectrum between 1330 and 1610cm−1 by combining unapodized spectra obtained at room temperature with a Bruker Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) in Brussels and at 131K with a Bruker FTS in Pasadena. The maximum optical path differences (MOPD) of the two datasets were 450 and 323.7cm, corresponding to spectral resolutions of 0.0020 and 0.0028cm−1, respectively. Of the 15,000 lines observed, over 4592 transitions were assigned to the ν6 (at 1379cm−1), ν8 (at 1472cm−1), ν4+ν12 (at 1481cm−1) and 2ν4+ν9 (at 1388cm−1) bands, and another 1044 transitions were located for the ν4+ν8−ν4 hot band (at 1472cm−1). Our new analysis included an improved implementation of the Hamiltonian calculation needed to interpret the complex spectral structures caused by numerous interactions affecting these four modes of vibration. From these results, we created the first line-by-line database containing the molecular parameters for over 20,000 12C2H6 transitions at 7μm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - HAMILTONIAN systems
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Ethane
KW  - Infrared
KW  - Intensities
KW  - Line positions
KW  - Molecular database
KW  - Theoretical Hamiltonian
N1  - Accession Number: 70261647; di Lauro, Carlo 1 Lattanzi, Franca 1 Brown, Linda R. 2; Email Address: linda.r.brown@jpl.nasa.gov Sung, Keeyoon 2 Vander Auwera, Jean 3 Mantz, Arlan W. 4 Smith, Mary Ann H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Università di Napoli Federico II, 49 via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, C.P. 160/09, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 50 Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium  4: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA  5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p93; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: HAMILTONIAN systems; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ethane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line positions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular database; Author-Supplied Keyword: Theoretical Hamiltonian; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.01.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bramall, Nathan E.
AU  - Quinn, Richard
AU  - Mattioda, Andrew
AU  - Bryson, Kathryn
AU  - Chittenden, Julie D.
AU  - Cook, Amanda
AU  - Taylor, Cindy
AU  - Minelli, Giovanni
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Ricco, Antonio J.
AU  - Squires, David
AU  - Santos, Orlando
AU  - Friedericks, Charles
AU  - Landis, David
AU  - Jones, Nykola C.
AU  - Salama, Farid
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
AU  - Hoffmann, Søren V.
T1  - The development of the Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) experiment aboard the Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) satellite
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 121
EP  - 130
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) experiment is one of two scientific payloads aboard the triple-cube satellite Organism/ORganic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS). O/OREOS is the first technology demonstration mission of the NASA Astrobiology Small Payloads Program. The 1-kg, 1000-cm3 SEVO cube is investigating the chemical evolution of organic materials in interstellar space and planetary environments by exposing organic molecules under controlled conditions directly to the low-Earth orbit (LEO) particle and electromagnetic radiation environment. O/OREOS was launched on November 19, 2010 into a 650-km, 72°-inclination orbit and has a nominal operational lifetime of six months. Four classes of organic compounds, namely an amino acid, a quinone, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and a metallo-porphyrin are being studied. Initial reaction conditions were established by hermetically sealing the thin-film organic samples in self-contained micro-environments. Chemical changes in the samples caused by direct exposure to LEO radiation and by interactions with the irradiated microenvironments are monitored in situ by ultraviolet/visible/near-infrared (UV/VIS/NIR) absorption spectroscopy using a novel compact fixed-grating CCD spectrometer with the Sun as its light source. The goals of the O/OREOS mission include: (1) demonstrating key small satellite technologies that can enable future low-cost astrobiology experiments, (2) deploying a miniature UV/VIS/NIR spectrometer suitable for in-situ astrobiology and other scientific investigations, (3) testing the capability to establish a variety of experimental reaction conditions to enable the study of astrobiological processes on small satellites, and (4) measuring the chemical evolution of organic molecules in LEO under conditions that can be extrapolated to interstellar and planetary environments. In this paper, the science and technology development of the SEVO instrument payload and its measurements are described. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - MOLECULAR evolution
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - CubeSat
KW  - O/OREOS
KW  - Organic
KW  - SEVO
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 70261651; Bramall, Nathan E. 1; Email Address: nebramall@gmail.com Quinn, Richard 2 Mattioda, Andrew 3 Bryson, Kathryn 4 Chittenden, Julie D. 5 Cook, Amanda 5 Taylor, Cindy 2 Minelli, Giovanni 3 Ehrenfreund, Pascale 6 Ricco, Antonio J. 3 Squires, David 3 Santos, Orlando 3 Friedericks, Charles 3 Landis, David 7 Jones, Nykola C. 8 Salama, Farid 3 Allamandola, Louis J. 3 Hoffmann, Søren V. 8; Affiliation:  1: Los Gatos Research, Mountain View, CA 94041, USA  2: Carl Sagan Canter, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  5: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Space Policy Institute, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA  7: Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  8: Institute for Storage Ring Facilities (ISA), Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p121; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: MOLECULAR evolution; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomarker; Author-Supplied Keyword: CubeSat; Author-Supplied Keyword: O/OREOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic; Author-Supplied Keyword: SEVO; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.06.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Kaj E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Persson, Fredrik
T1  - The surface energy balance at the Huygens landing site and the moist surface conditions on Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 376
EP  - 385
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Huygens Probe provided a wealth of data concerning the atmosphere of Titan. It also provided tantalizing evidence of a small amount of surface liquid. We have developed a detailed surface energy balance for the Probe landing site. We find that the daily averaged non-radiative fluxes at the surface are 0.7Wm−2, much larger than the global average value predicted by of 0.037Wm−2. Considering the moist surface, the methane and ethane detected by the Probe from the surface is consistent with a ternary liquid of ethane, methane, and nitrogen present on the surface with mole fractions of methane, ethane, and nitrogen of 0.44, 0.34, and 0.22, respectively, and a total mass load of ∼0.05kgm−2. If this liquid is included in the surface energy balance, only a small fraction of the non-radiative energy is due to latent heat release (∼10−3 Wm−2). If the amount of atmospheric ethane is less than 0.6×10−5, the surface liquid is most likely evaporating over timescales of 5 Titan days, and the moist surface is probably a remnant of a recent precipitation event. If the surface liquid mass loading is increased to 0.5kgm−2, then the liquid lifetime increases to ∼56 Titan days. Our modeling results indicate a dew cycle is unlikely, given that even when the diurnal variation of liquid is in equilibrium, the diurnal mass variation is only 3% of the total liquid. If we assume a high atmospheric mixing ratio of ethane (>0.6×10−5), the precipitation of liquid is large (38cm/Titan year for an ethane mixing ratio of 2×10−5). Such a flux is many orders of magnitude in excess of the photochemical production rate of ethane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - METHANE
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Energy balance
KW  - Liquid
KW  - Surface
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 70261679; Williams, Kaj E. 1; Email Address: kaj.williams@gmail.com McKay, Christopher P. 1 Persson, Fredrik 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p376; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.11.005
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Borrelli, Salvatore
T1  - Aerothermodynamics of blunt body entry vehicles
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 48-49
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 56
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: In this chapter, the aerothermodynamic phenomena of blunt body entry vehicles are discussed. Four topics will be considered that present challenges to current computational modeling techniques for blunt body environments: turbulent flow, non-equilibrium flow, rarefied flow, and radiation transport. Examples of comparisons between computational tools to ground and flight-test data will be presented in order to illustrate the challenges existing in the numerical modeling of each of these phenomena and to provide test cases for evaluation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code predictions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - VEHICLES
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Blunt body entry vehicles
KW  - Radiation transport
KW  - Rarefied flow
KW  - Turbulent flow on blunt bodies
N1  - Accession Number: 71804467; Hollis, Brian R. 1; Email Address: brian.r.hollis@nasa.gov Borrelli, Salvatore 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: CIRA Italian Aerospace Research Centre, Via Maiorise, 81083 Capua (CE), Italy; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 48-49, p42; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: VEHICLES; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM thermodynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blunt body entry vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rarefied flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulent flow on blunt bodies; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2011.09.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walpot, Louis M.G.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Noeding, Peter
AU  - Schrijer, Ferry
T1  - Base flow investigation of the Apollo AS-202 Command Module
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 48-49
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 74
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: A major contributor to the overall vehicle mass of re-entry vehicles is the afterbody thermal protection system. This is due to the large acreage (equal or bigger than that of the forebody) to be protected. The present predictive capabilities for base flows are comparatively lower than those for windward flowfields and offer therefore a substantial potential for improving the design of future re-entry vehicles. To that end, it is essential to address the accuracy of high fidelity CFD tools exercised in the US and EU, which motivates a thorough investigation of the present status of hypersonic flight afterbody heating. This paper addresses the predictive capabilities of afterbody flow fields of re-entry vehicles investigated in the frame of the NATO/RTO—RTG-043 task group. First, the verification of base flow topologies on the basis of available wind-tunnel results performed under controlled supersonic conditions (i.e. cold flows devoid of reactive effects) is performed. Such tests address the detailed characterization of the base flow with particular emphasis on separation/reattachment and their relation to Mach number effects. The tests have been performed on an Apollo-like re-entry capsule configuration. Second, the tools validated in the frame of the previous effort are exercised and appraised against flight-test data collected during the Apollo AS-202 re-entry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - HEATING load
KW  - GROUNDWATER flow
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Base flows
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Re-entry vehicles
KW  - Thermal protection
N1  - Accession Number: 71804468; Walpot, Louis M.G. 1; Email Address: louis.walpot@aoes.com Wright, Michael J. 2 Noeding, Peter 3 Schrijer, Ferry 4; Affiliation:  1: AOES Netherlands BV, The Netherlands  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA  3: EADS Astrium, Bremen, Germany  4: TU Delft, The Netherlands; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 48-49, p57; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: HEATING load; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER flow; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Base flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Re-entry vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal protection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2011.06.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Couvidat, Sébastien
AU  - Schou, Jesper
AU  - Shine, Richard
AU  - Bush, Rock
AU  - Miles, John
AU  - Scherrer, Philip
AU  - Rairden, Richard
T1  - Wavelength Dependence of the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Instrument onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO).
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2012/01//
VL  - 275
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 285
EP  - 325
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
AB  - The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument will produce Doppler-velocity and vector-magnetic-field maps of the solar surface, whose accuracy is dependent on a thorough knowledge of the transmission profiles of the components of the HMI optical-filter system. Here we present a series of wavelength-dependence calibration tests, performed on the instrument from 2005 onwards, to obtain these profiles. We obtained the transmittances as a function of wavelength for the tunable and non-tunable filter elements, as well as the variation of these transmittances with temperature and the angle of incidence of rays of light. We also established the presence of fringe patterns produced by interferences inside the blocking filter and the front window, as well as a change in transmitted intensity with the tuning position. This thorough characterization of the HMI-filter system confirmed the very high quality of the instrument, and showed that its properties are well within the required specifications to produce superior data with high spatial and temporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - FIELD theory (Physics)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - DIFFRACTION patterns
KW  - SUN
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Instrument: SDO/HMI
KW  - Sun: helioseismology
N1  - Accession Number: 70326755; Couvidat, Sébastien 1; Email Address: couvidat@stanford.edu Schou, Jesper 1 Shine, Richard 2 Bush, Rock 1 Miles, John 3 Scherrer, Philip 1 Rairden, Richard 2; Affiliation:  1: W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, 491 S. Service Road Stanford 94305-4085 USA  2: Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Bldg. 252, Org. ADBS, 3251 Hanover Street Palo Alto 94304 USA  3: USRA/SOFIA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 275 Issue 1/2, p285; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: DIFFRACTION patterns; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrument: SDO/HMI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: helioseismology; Number of Pages: 41p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-011-9723-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luhman, K. L.
AU  - Burgasser, A. J.
AU  - Labbé, I.
AU  - Saumon, D.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Bochanski, J. J.
AU  - Monson, A. J.
AU  - Persson, S. E.
T1  - CONFIRMATION OF ONE OF THE COLDEST KNOWN BROWN DWARFS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/01/10/
VL  - 744
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Using two epochs of 4.5 µm images from the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, we recently identified a common proper motion companion to the white dwarf WD 0806-661 that is a candidate for the coldest known brown dwarf. To verify its cool nature, we have obtained images of this object at 3.6 µm with IRAC, at J with the High Acuity Wide-field K-band Imager (HAWK-I) on the Very Large Telescope, and in a filter covering the red half of J with FourStar on Magellan. WD 0806-661 B is detected by IRAC but not HAWK-I or FourStar. From these data we measure colors of [3.6] - [4.5] = 2.77 ± 0.16 and J - [4.5] > 7.0 (S/N < 3). Based on these colors and its absolute magnitudes, WD 0806-661 B is the coldest companion directly imaged outside of the solar system and is a contender for the coldest known brown dwarf with the Y dwarf WISEP J1828+2650. It is unclear which of these two objects is colder given the available data. A comparison of its absolute magnitude at 4.5 µm to the predictions of theoretical spectra and evolutionary models suggests that WD 0806-661 B has Teff = 300-345 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - VERY large array telescopes
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - binaries: visual
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - infrared: planetary systems
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 74123457; Luhman, K. L. 1,2; Email Address: kluhman@astro.psu.edu Burgasser, A. J. 3 Labbé, I. 4 Saumon, D. 5 Marley, M. S. 6 Bochanski, J. J. 1 Monson, A. J. 4 Persson, S. E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  3: Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  4: Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  6: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 744 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: VERY large array telescopes; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: visual; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/744/2/135
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harker, Geraint J. A.
AU  - Pritchard, Jonathan R.
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
AU  - Bowman, Judd D.
T1  - An MCMC approach to extracting the global 21-cm signal during the cosmic dawn from sky-averaged radio observations.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/01/11/
VL  - 419
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1070
EP  - 1084
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT Efforts are being made to observe the 21-cm signal from the 'cosmic dawn' using sky-averaged observations with individual radio dipoles. In this paper, we develop a model of the observations accounting for the 21-cm signal, foregrounds and several major instrumental effects. Given this model, we apply Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques to demonstrate the ability of these instruments to separate the 21-cm signal from foregrounds and quantify their ability to constrain properties of the first galaxies. For concreteness, we investigate observations between 40 and 120 MHz with the proposed  Dark Ages Radio Explorer mission in lunar orbit, showing its potential for science return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS in astronomy
KW  - MOON
KW  - ORBIT
N1  - Accession Number: 69734210; Harker, Geraint J. A. 1,2 Pritchard, Jonathan R. 3 Burns, Jack O. 1,2 Bowman, Judd D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Arizona State University, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 419 Issue 2, p1070; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS in astronomy; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ORBIT; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19766.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grunhut, J. H.
AU  - Rivinius, Th.
AU  - Wade, G. A.
AU  - Townsend, R. H. D.
AU  - Marcolino, W. L. F.
AU  - Bohlender, D. A.
AU  - Szeifert, Th.
AU  - Petit, V.
AU  - Matthews, J. M.
AU  - Rowe, J. F.
AU  - Moffat, A. F. J.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Kuschnig, R.
AU  - Guenther, D. B.
AU  - Rucinski, S. M.
AU  - Sasselov, D.
AU  - Weiss, W. W.
T1  - HR 5907: Discovery of the most rapidly rotating magnetic early B-type star by the MiMeS Collaboration.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/01/11/
VL  - 419
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1610
EP  - 1627
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We report the discovery and analysis of a very strong magnetic field in the rapidly rotating early B-type star HR 5907, based on observations obtained as part of the Magnetism in Massive Stars (MiMeS) project. We infer a rotation period of 0.508 276 +0.000 015−0.000 012 d from photometric and Hα EW measurements, making this the shortest period, non-degenerate, magnetic massive star known to date. From the comparison of IUE UV and optical spectroscopy with LTE bruce/kylie models we find a solid-angle integrated, uniform black-body temperature of 17 000 ± 1000 K, a projected rotational velocity of 290 ± 10 km s−1, an equatorial radius of 3.1 ± 0.2 R⊙, a stellar mass of 5.5 ± 0.5 M⊙, and an inclination angle of the rotation axis to our line-of-sight of 70 ± 10°. Our measurements of the longitudinal magnetic field, which vary between −500 and −2000 G, phase coherently with the rotation period and imply a surface dipole field strength of ∼15.7 kG. On the other hand, from fits to mean Least-Squares Deconvolved Stokes V line profiles we infer a dipole field strength of ∼10.4 kG. This disagreement may result from a magnetic configuration more complex than our model, and/or from the non-uniform helium surface abundance distribution. In either case we obtain a magnetic obliquity nearly aligned with the rotation axis (). Our optical spectroscopy also shows weak variability in carbon, silicon and nitrogen lines. The emission variability in hydrogen Balmer and Paschen lines indicates the presence of a dense, highly structured magnetosphere, interpreted as a centrifugally supported, magnetically confined circumstellar disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Magnetic fields
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - STARS -- Distribution
KW  - MAGNETIC dipoles
N1  - Accession Number: 69734282; Grunhut, J. H. 1,2 Rivinius, Th. 3 Wade, G. A. 2 Townsend, R. H. D. 4 Marcolino, W. L. F. 5 Bohlender, D. A. 6 Szeifert, Th. 3 Petit, V. 7 Matthews, J. M. 8 Rowe, J. F. 9 Moffat, A. F. J. 10 Kallinger, T. 8,11 Kuschnig, R. 8,11 Guenther, D. B. 12 Rucinski, S. M. 13 Sasselov, D. 14 Weiss, W. W. 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Engineering Physics & Astronomy, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada  2: Department of Physics, Royal Military College of Canada, PO Box 17000, Station Forces, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada  3: ESO - European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2535 Sterling Hall, 475 N Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA  5: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Observatório do Valongo Ladeira Pedro Antônio, 43, CEP 20080-090, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil  6: National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Institue of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  7: Department of Geology & Astronomy, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Dépt. de Physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale: Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  11: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria  12: Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Marys University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada  13: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada  14: Harvard−Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 419 Issue 2, p1610; Subject Term: STARS -- Magnetic fields; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: STARS -- Distribution; Subject Term: MAGNETIC dipoles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19824.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fletcher, Lauren E.
AU  - Valdivia-Silva, Julio E.
AU  - Perez-Montaño, Saul
AU  - Condori-Apaza, Renee M.
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Variability of organic material in surface horizons of the hyper-arid Mars-like soils of the Atacama Desert
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2012/01/15/
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 279
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the variability of surface organic carbon within the hyper-arid Yungay region of the Atacama Desert. The fraction of Labile Organic Carbon (LOC) in these samples varied from 2 to 73μg per gram of soil with a bi-modal distribution with average content of 17±9μg LOC and 69±3μg LOC for “low” and “high” samples, respectively. Interestingly, there was no relation between organic levels and geomorphologic shapes. While organics are deposited and distributed in these soils via eolic processes, it is suggested that fog is the dynamic mechanism that is responsible for the variability and peaks in organic carbon throughout the area, where a “high” LOC content sample could be indicative of a biological process. It was determined that there was no significant difference between topological feature or geographical position within the hyper-arid samples and LOC. This very curious result has implications for the investigation of run-off gullies on the planet Mars as our work suggests a need for careful consideration of the expectation of increases in concentrations of organic materials associated with following aqueous altered topology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOILS
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - TOPOLOGY
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Extreme environments
KW  - Hyper-arid
KW  - Mars analog
KW  - Organic-variability
KW  - Soil organic carbon
N1  - Accession Number: 70262127; Fletcher, Lauren E. 1,2; Email Address: Lauren@atm.ox.ac.uk Valdivia-Silva, Julio E. 2,3 Perez-Montaño, Saul 2,4 Condori-Apaza, Renee M. 5 Conley, Catharine A. 6 McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK  2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico  4: San Jose State University, Dept. of Chemistry, San Jose, CA, USA  5: Universidad Nacional de San Agustín, Arequipa, Peru  6: Planetary Sciences Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p271; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: TOPOLOGY; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extreme environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyper-arid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars analog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic-variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil organic carbon; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.10.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kharangate, Chirag R.
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Experimental and theoretical study of critical heat flux in vertical upflow with inlet vapor void
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2012/01/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 1-3
M3  - Article
SP  - 360
EP  - 374
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: This study explores the mechanism of flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF) for FC-72 in a 2.5mm×5mm vertical upflow channel that is heated along its 2.5mm sidewall downstream of an adiabatic development section. Unlike most prior CHF studies, where the working fluid enters the channel in liquid state, the present study concerns saturated inlet conditions with finite vapor void. Temperature measurements and high-speed video imaging techniques are used to investigate the influence of the inlet vapor void on interfacial behavior at heat fluxes up to CHF as well during the CHF transient. The flow entering the heated portion of the channel consists of a thin liquid layer covering the entire perimeter surrounding a large central vapor core. Just prior to CHF, a fairly continuous wavy vapor layer begins to develop between the liquid layer covering the heated wall and the heated wall itself, resulting in a complex four-layer flow consisting of the liquid layer covering the insulated walls, the central vapor core, the now separated liquid layer adjacent to the heated wall, and the newly formed wavy vapor layer along the heated wall. This behavior in captured in a new separated control-volume-based model that facilities the determination of axial variations of thicknesses and mean velocities of the four layers. Incorporating the results of this model in a modified form of the Interfacial Lift-off CHF Model is shown to provide fairly good predictions of CHF data for mass velocities between 185 and 1600kg/m2 s, evidenced by a mean absolute error of 24.52%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - WORKING fluids
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - TRANSIENTS (Dynamics)
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - Critical heat flux (CHF)
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Separated flow
N1  - Accession Number: 66946355; Kharangate, Chirag R. 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: https://engineering.purdue.edu/BTPFL Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 55 Issue 1-3, p360; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: WORKING fluids; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: TRANSIENTS (Dynamics); Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux (CHF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Separated flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.09.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66946355&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nettles, Alan Tate
AU  - Jackson, Justin R.
AU  - Hodge, Andrew J.
T1  - Change in damage tolerance characteristics of sandwich structure with a Thermal Protection System (TPS).
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2012/01/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 226
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Most composite damage tolerance assessments are made on bare laminates where the impactor comes into direct contact with the outermost ply. However, structures such as those used on launch vehicles are often covered with a thermal protection system (TPS) during the majority of the life of the part. This TPS covering may change the impact characteristics of the laminate rendering damage tolerance testing on bare laminates irrelevant to the part. This study examines the composite interstage structure of the ARES I launch vehicle which is scheduled to be covered with a sprayable foam TPS after manufacture. Damage tolerance testing is performed on bare sandwich structure and sandwich structure covered with the TPS selected for use on the ARES I composite interstage. Instrumented impact, infrared thermography, visual, cross-sectional and compression after impact CAI data are compared. Results show that the TPS covering does change most of the impact characteristics of the sandwich structure. It was found that the TPS created a larger damage zone as detected by IRT, however the TPS covered specimens possessed a higher residual compression strength for a given impact energy and damage size. These results are attempted to be explained by the different damage morphology that occurs between the bare and TPS covered specimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - CAI
KW  - damage tolerance
KW  - impact
KW  - launch vehicle
KW  - sandwich structure
N1  - Accession Number: 69898012; Nettles, Alan Tate 1 Jackson, Justin R. Hodge, Andrew J.; Affiliation:  1: alan.t.nettles@nasa.gov; Source Info: 1/15/2012, Vol. 46 Issue 2, p211; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: launch vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich structure; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5658
L3  - 10.1177/0021998311410509
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69898012&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Pont, Frederic
AU  - Knutson, Heather A.
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Mazeh, Tsevi
AU  - Aigrain, Suzanne
AU  - Fridlund, Malcolm
AU  - Henze, Christopher E.
AU  - Guillot, Tristan
AU  - Rauer, Heike
T1  - SPITZER INFRARED OBSERVATIONS AND INDEPENDENT VALIDATION OF THE TRANSITING SUPER-EARTH CoRoT-7 b.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/01/20/
VL  - 745
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The detection and characterization of the first transiting super-Earth, CoRoT-7 b, has required an unprecedented effort in terms of telescope time and analysis. Although the star does display a radial-velocity signal at the period of the planet, this has been difficult to disentangle from the intrinsic stellar variability and pinning down the velocity amplitude has been very challenging. As a result, the precise value of the mass of the planet—and even the extent to which it can be considered to be confirmed—has been debated in the recent literature, with six mass measurements published so far based on the same spectroscopic observations, ranging from about 2 to 8 Earth masses. Here we report on an independent validation of the planet discovery using one of the fundamental properties of a transit signal: its achromaticity. We observed four transits of CoRoT-7 b at 4.5 µm and 8.0 µm with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) on board the Spitzer Space Telescope in order to determine whether the depth of the transit signal in the near-infrared is consistent with that observed in the CoRoT bandpass, as expected for a planet. We detected the transit and found an average depth of 0.426 ± 0.115 mmag at 4.5 µm, which is in good agreement with the depth of 0.350 ± 0.011 mmag (ignoring limb darkening) found by CoRoT. The observations at 8.0 µm did not yield a significant detection. The 4.5 µm observations place important constraints on the kinds of astrophysical false positives that could mimic the signal. Combining this with additional constraints reported earlier, we performed an exhaustive exploration of possible blend scenarios for CoRoT-7 b using the BLENDER technique. We are able to rule out the vast majority of false positives, and the remaining ones are found to be much less likely than a true transiting planet. We thus validate CoRoT-7 b as a bona fide planet with a very high degree of confidence, independently of any radial-velocity information. Our Spitzer observations have additionally allowed us to significantly improve the ephemeris of the planet, so that future transits should be recoverable well into the next decade. In its warm phase Spitzer is expected to be an essential tool for the validation, along the lines of the present analysis, of transiting planet candidates with shallow signals from CoRoTas well as from the Kepler mission, including potentially rocky planets in the habitable zones of their parent stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: individual: CoRoT-7
KW  - stars: statistics
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 75043350; Fressin, Francois 1; Email Address: ffressin@cfa.harvard.edu Torres, Guillermo 1 Pont, Frederic 2 Knutson, Heather A. 3 Charbonneau, David 1 Mazeh, Tsevi 4 Aigrain, Suzanne 5 Fridlund, Malcolm 6 Henze, Christopher E. 7 Guillot, Tristan 8 Rauer, Heike 9; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: School of Physics, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL Exeter, UK  3: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel  5: University of Oxford, OXI 3RH Oxford, UK  6: ESTEC/ESA, P.O. Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherland  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: 0bservatoire de la Côte d'Azur, BP 4229, 06304 Nice, France  9: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft und Raumfahrt (DLR), Rutherfordstr. 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 745 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: CoRoT-7; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/81
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75043350&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kempton, Eliza Miller-Ricci
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
T1  - THE ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY OF GJ 1214b: PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND CLOUDS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/01/20/
VL  - 745
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Recent observations of the transiting super-Earth GJ 1214b reveal that its atmosphere may be hydrogen-rich or water-rich in nature, with clouds or hazes potentially affecting its transmission spectrum in the optical and very-near-IR. Here, we further examine the possibility that GJ 1214b does indeed possess a hydrogen-dominated atmosphere, which is the hypothesis that is favored by models of the bulk composition of the planet. We study the effects of non-equilibrium chemistry (photochemistry, thermal chemistry, and mixing) on the planet's transmission spectrum. We furthermore examine the possibility that clouds could play a significant role in attenuating GJ 1214b's transmission spectrum at short wavelengths. We find that non-equilibrium chemistry can have a large effect on the overall chemical composition of GJ 1214b's atmosphere, however these changes mostly take place above the height in the atmosphere that is probed by transmission spectroscopy. The effects of non-equilibrium chemistry on GJ 1214b's transmission spectrum are therefore minimal, with the largest effects taking place if the planet's atmosphere has super-solar metallicity and a low rate of vertical mixing. Interestingly, we find that the best fit to the observations of GJ 1214b's atmosphere in transmission occurs if the planet's atmosphere is deficient in CH4, and possesses a cloud layer at a pressure of ~200 mbar. This is consistent with a picture of efficient methane photolysis, accompanied by formation of organic haze that obscures the lower atmosphere of GJ 1214b at optical wavelengths. However, for methane to be absent from GJ 1214b's transmission spectrum, UV photolysis of this molecule must be efficient at pressures of greater than ~ 1 mbar, whereas we find that methane only photolyzes to pressures less than 0.1 mbar, even under the most optimistic assumptions. An alternative explanation of the observations of GJ 1214b is that the atmosphere is water-rich, although this interpretation conflicts with the findings of Croll et al., who measure a low mean molecular weight for the planet's atmosphere. Additional observations at wavelengths corresponding to mid-IR water and methane features in GJ 1214b's transmission spectrum should break the degeneracy between the two possible cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry)
KW  - planetary systems
N1  - Accession Number: 75043272; Kempton, Eliza Miller-Ricci 1; Email Address: ekempton@ucolick.org Zahnle, Kevin 2 Fortney, Jonathan J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 745 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75043272&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar
AU  - Kasting, James F.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - A PHOTOCHEMICAL MODEL FOR THE CARBON-RICH PLANET WASP-12b.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/01/20/
VL  - 745
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The hot-Jupiter WASP- 12b is a heavily irradiated exoplanet in a short-period orbit around a G0-star with twice the metallicity of the Sun. A recent thermochemical equilibrium analysis based on Spitzer and ground-based infrared observations suggests that the presence of CH4 in its atmosphere and the lack of H20 features can only be explained if the carbon-to-oxygen ratio in the planet's atmosphere is much greater than the solar ratio ([C]/[O] = 0.54). Here, we use a one-dimensional photochemical model to study the effect of disequilibrium chemistry on the observed abundances of H20, CO, CO2, and CH4 in the WASP-12b atmosphere. We consider two cases: one with solar [C]/[O] and another with [C]/[O] = 1.08. The solar case predicts that H20 and CO are more abundant than CO2 and CH4, as expected, whereas the high [C]/[O] model shows that CO, C2H2, and HCN are more abundant. This indicates that the extra carbon from the high [C]/[O] model is in hydrocarbon species. H20 photolysis is the dominant disequilibrium mechanism that alters the chemistry at higher altitudes in the solar [C]/[O] case, whereas photodissociation of C2H2 and HCN is significant in the super-solar case. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that C2H2 is the major absorber in the atmosphere of WASP-12b and the absorption features detected near 1.6 and 8 µm may be arising from C2H2 rather than CH4. The Hubble Space Telescope's WFC3 can resolve this discrepancy, as C2H2 has absorption between 1.51 and 1.54 µm, while CH4 does not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SUN
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - planetary systems
N1  - Accession Number: 75043346; Kopparapu, Ravi Kumar 1 Kasting, James F. 1 Zahnle, Kevin J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, 443 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffen Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 745 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/77
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75043346&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matt, Sean P.
AU  - Pinzón, Giovanni
AU  - Greene, Thomas P.
AU  - Pudritz, Ralph E.
T1  - SPIN EVOLUTION OF ACCRETING YOUNG STARS. II. EFFECT OF ACCRETION-POWERED STELLAR WINDS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/01/20/
VL  - 745
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a model for the rotational evolution of a young, solar-mass star interacting magnetically with an accretion disk. As in a previous paper (Paper 1), the model includes changes in the star's mass and radius as it descends the Hayashi track, a decreasing accretion rate, and a prescription for the angular momentum transfer between the star and disk. Paper I concluded that, for the relatively strong magnetic coupling expected in real systems, additional processes are necessary to explain the existence of slowly rotating pre-main-sequence stars. In the present paper, we extend the stellar spin model to include the effect of a spin-down torque that arises from an accretion-powered stellar wind (APSW). For a range of magnetic field strengths, accretion rates, initial spin rates, and mass outflow rates, the modeled stars exhibit rotation periods within the range of 1-10 days in the age range of 1-3 Myr. This range coincides with the bulk of the observed rotation periods, with the slow rotators corresponding to stars with the lowest accretion rates, strongest magnetic fields, and/or highest stellar wind mass outflow rates. We also make a direct, quantitative comparison between the APSW scenario and the two types of disk-locking models (namely, the X-wind and Ghosh & Lamb type models) and identify some remaining theoretical issues for understanding young star spins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - ACCRETION disks
KW  - STARS
KW  - accretion, accretion disks
KW  - stars: evolution
KW  - stars: magnetic field
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars: winds, outflows
N1  - Accession Number: 75043370; Matt, Sean P. 1,2; Email Address: sean.matt@cea.fr Pinzón, Giovanni 3; Email Address: gapinzone@unal.edu.co Greene, Thomas P. 2; Email Address: thomas.p.greene@nasa.gov Pudritz, Ralph E. 4; Email Address: pudritz@physics.mcmaster.ca; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, CEA/Irfu Université Paris-Diderot CNRS/INSU, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  2: NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Observatorio Astronómico National, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad National de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia  4: Physics and Astronomy Deparlment, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4MI, Canada; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 745 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: ACCRETION disks; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: magnetic field; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: winds, outflows; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/745/1/101
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75043370&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rowlands, K.
AU  - Dunne, L.
AU  - Maddox, S.
AU  - Bourne, N.
AU  - Gomez, H. L.
AU  - Kaviraj, S.
AU  - Bamford, S. P.
AU  - Brough, S.
AU  - Charlot, S.
AU  - da Cunha, E.
AU  - Driver, S. P.
AU  - Eales, S. A.
AU  - Hopkins, A. M.
AU  - Kelvin, L.
AU  - Nichol, R. C.
AU  - Sansom, A. E.
AU  - Sharp, R.
AU  - Smith, D. J. B.
AU  - Temi, P.
AU  - van der Werf, P.
T1  - Herschel.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/01/21/
VL  - 419
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2545
EP  - 2578
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present the dust properties and star formation histories of local submillimetre-selected galaxies, classified by optical morphology. Most of the galaxies are late types and very few are early types. The early-type galaxies (ETGs) that are detected contain as much dust as typical spirals, and form a unique sample that has been blindly selected at submillimetre wavelengths. Additionally, we investigate the properties of the most passive, dusty spirals. We morphologically classify 1087 galaxies detected in the  Herschel-Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS) Science Demonstration Phase data. Comparing to a control sample of optically selected galaxies, we find 5.5 per cent of luminous ETGs are detected in H-ATLAS. The H-ATLAS ETGs contain a significant mass of cold dust: the mean dust mass is 5.5 × 107 M⊙, with individual galaxies ranging from 9 × 105 to 4 × 108 M⊙. This is comparable to that of spiral galaxies in our sample, and is an order of magnitude more dust than that found for the control early-types, which have a median dust mass inferred from stacking of (0.8-4.0) × 106 M⊙ for a cold dust temperature of 25-15 K. The early-types detected in H-ATLAS tend to have bluer  NUV −  r colours, higher specific star formation rates and younger stellar populations than early-types which are optically selected, and may be transitioning from the blue cloud to the red sequence. We also find that H-ATLAS and control early-types inhabit similar low-density environments. We investigate whether the observed dust in H-ATLAS early-types is from evolved stars, or has been acquired from external sources through interactions and mergers. We conclude that the dust in H-ATLAS and control ETGs cannot be solely from stellar sources, and a large contribution from dust formed in the interstellar medium or external sources is required. Alternatively, dust destruction may not be as efficient as predicted. We also explore the properties of the most passive spiral galaxies in our sample with specific star formation rate (SSFR) < 10−11 yr−1. We find these passive spirals have lower dust-to-stellar mass ratios, higher stellar masses and older stellar population ages than normal spirals. The passive spirals inhabit low-density environments similar to those of the normal spiral galaxies in our sample. This shows that the processes which turn spirals passive do not occur solely in the intermediate-density environments of group and cluster outskirts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - TERAHERTZ technology
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - SPIRAL galaxies
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - STARS -- Populations
N1  - Accession Number: 70116853; Rowlands, K. 1 Dunne, L. 1 Maddox, S. 1 Bourne, N. 1 Gomez, H. L. 2 Kaviraj, S. 3 Bamford, S. P. 1 Brough, S. 4 Charlot, S. 5 da Cunha, E. 6 Driver, S. P. 7,8 Eales, S. A. 2 Hopkins, A. M. 4 Kelvin, L. 7,8 Nichol, R. C. 9 Sansom, A. E. 10 Sharp, R. 11 Smith, D. J. B. 1,12 Temi, P. 13 van der Werf, P. 14; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park Campus, Nottingham NG7 2RD  2: School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA  3: Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ  4: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia  5: Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, UMR 7095, 98bis bd Arago, 75014 Paris, France  6: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Konigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  7: International Centre for Radio Astronomy (ICRAR), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  8: (SUPA) School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS  9: Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation (ICG), Dennis Sciama Building, Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO1 3FX  10: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  11: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek, ACT 2611, Australia  12: Centre for Astrophysics, Science & Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts AL10 9AB  13: Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 2456, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  14: Leiden University, PO Box 9500, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands; Source Info: Jan2012, Vol. 419 Issue 3, p2545; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: TERAHERTZ technology; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SPIRAL galaxies; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19905.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70116853&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Macedo, Marcia N.
AU  - DeFries, Ruth S.
AU  - Morton, Douglas C.
AU  - Stickler, Claudia M.
AU  - Galford, Gillian L.
AU  - Shimabukuro, Yosio E.
AU  - Turner, B. L.
T1  - Decoupling of deforestation and soy production in the southern Amazon during the late 2000s.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/01/24/
VL  - 109
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1341
EP  - 1346
SN  - 00278424
AB  - From 2006 to 2010, deforestation in the Amazon frontier state of Mato Grosso decreased to 30% of its historical average (1996-2005) whereas agricultural production reached an all-time high. This study combines satellite data with government deforestation and production statistics to assess land-use transitions and potential market and policy drivers associated with these trends. In the forested region of the state, increased soy production from 2001 to 2005 was entirely due to cropland expansion into previously cleared pasture areas (74%) or forests (26%). From 2006 to 2010, 78% of production increases were due to expansion (22% to yield increases), with 91% on previously cleared land. Cropland expansion fell from 10 to 2% of deforestation between the two periods, with pasture expansion accounting for most remaining deforestation. Declining deforestation coincided with a collapse of commodity markets and implementation of policy measures to reduce deforestation. Soybean profitability has since increased to pre-2006 levels whereas deforestation continued to decline, suggesting that antideforestation measures may have influenced the agricultural sector. We found little evidence of direct leakage of soy expansion into cerrado in Mato Grosso during the late 2000s, although indirect land-use changes and leakage to more distant regions are possible. This study provides evidence that reduced deforestation and increased agricultural production can occur simultaneously in tropical forest frontiers, provided that land is available and policies promote the efficient use of already-cleared lands (intensification) while restricting deforestation. It remains uncertain whether government- and industry-led policies can contain deforestation if future market conditions favor another boom in agricultural expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORESTATION
KW  - DECOUPLING (Mathematics)
KW  - AGRICULTURAL productivity
KW  - SOYBEAN
KW  - OIL palm
KW  - MATO Grosso (Brazil : State)
KW  - BRAZIL
KW  - agriculture
KW  - Brazilian Amazon
KW  - extensification
KW  - land sparing
N1  - Accession Number: 71022214; Macedo, Marcia N. 1 DeFries, Ruth S. 1; Email Address: rd2402@columbia.edu Morton, Douglas C. 2 Stickler, Claudia M. 3 Galford, Gillian L. 4 Shimabukuro, Yosio E. 5 Turner, B. L. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771  3: Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, DF 71.503-505 Brasilia, Brazil  4: Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540-1644  5: Divisao de Sensoriamento Remoto, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, SP 12227-010 Sao José dos Campos, Brazil  6: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ,; Source Info: 1/24/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 4, p1341; Subject Term: DEFORESTATION; Subject Term: DECOUPLING (Mathematics); Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Subject Term: SOYBEAN; Subject Term: OIL palm; Subject Term: MATO Grosso (Brazil : State); Subject Term: BRAZIL; Author-Supplied Keyword: agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazilian Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: extensification; Author-Supplied Keyword: land sparing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111110 Soybean Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1111374109
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Prša, Andrej
AU  - Quinn, Samuel N.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Short, Donald R.
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Winn, Joshua N.
AU  - Doyle, Laurance R.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Bloemen, Steven
AU  - Brugamyer, Erik
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Caldwell, Caroline
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
T1  - Transiting circumbinary planets Kepler-34 b and Kepler-35 b.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/01/26/
VL  - 481
IS  - 7382
M3  - Article
SP  - 475
EP  - 479
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Most Sun-like stars in the Galaxy reside in gravitationally bound pairs of stars (binaries). Although long anticipated, the existence of a 'circumbinary planet' orbiting such a pair of normal stars was not definitively established until the discovery of the planet transiting (that is, passing in front of) Kepler-16. Questions remained, however, about the prevalence of circumbinary planets and their range of orbital and physical properties. Here we report two additional transiting circumbinary planets: Kepler-34 (AB)b and Kepler-35 (AB)b, referred to here as Kepler-34 b and Kepler-35 b, respectively. Each is a low-density gas-giant planet on an orbit closely aligned with that of its parent stars. Kepler-34 b orbits two Sun-like stars every 289?days, whereas Kepler-35 b orbits a pair of smaller stars (89% and 81% of the Sun's mass) every 131?days. The planets experience large multi-periodic variations in incident stellar radiation arising from the orbital motion of the stars. The observed rate of circumbinary planets in our sample implies that more than ?1% of close binary stars have giant planets in nearly coplanar orbits, yielding a Galactic population of at least several million. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - BINARY stars -- Orbits
KW  - ORBITING astronomical observatories
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 70715948; Welsh, William F. 1 Orosz, Jerome A. 1 Carter, Joshua A. 2 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3 Ford, Eric B. 4 Lissauer, Jack J. 5 Prša, Andrej 6 Quinn, Samuel N. 7 Ragozzine, Darin 2 Short, Donald R. 1 Torres, Guillermo 2 Winn, Joshua N. 8 Doyle, Laurance R. 9 Barclay, Thomas 10 Batalha, Natalie 11 Bloemen, Steven 12 Brugamyer, Erik 13 Buchhave, Lars A. 14 Caldwell, Caroline 13 Caldwell, Douglas A. 9; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  3: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA  4: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  6: Villanova University, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 800 E. Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, USA  7: 1] Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, PO Box 4106, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, USA  8: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Physics Department and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA  9: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  10: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, California 95476, USA  11: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, California 95192, USA  12: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  13: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0259, USA  14: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Source Info: 1/26/2012, Vol. 481 Issue 7382, p475; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: BINARY stars -- Orbits; Subject Term: ORBITING astronomical observatories; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature10768
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Jae-Woo
AU  - Núñez, Jennifer Carpena
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
AU  - Lin, Yi
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Smith, Michael W.
T1  - In situ mechanical property measurements of amorphous carbon-boron nitride nanotube nanostructures.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2012/01/28/
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 09574484
AB  - To understand the mechanical properties of amorphous carbon (a-C)/boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) nanostructures, in situ mechanical tests are conducted inside a transmission electron microscope equipped with an integrated atomic force microscope system. The nanotube structure is modified with amorphous carbon deposited by controlled electron beam irradiation. We demonstrate multiple in situ tensile, compressive, and lap shear tests with a-C/BNNT hybrid nanostructures. The tensile strength of the a-C/BNNT hybrid nanostructure is 5.29 GPa with about 90 vol% of a-C. The tensile strength and strain of the end-to-end joint structure with a-C welding is 0.8 GPa and 5.2% whereas the lap shear strength of the side-by-side joint structure with a-C is 0.25 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopes
KW  - ELECTRON beams
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
N1  - Accession Number: 73896803; Kim, Jae-Woo 1; Email Address: jae-woo.kim-1@nasa.gov Núñez, Jennifer Carpena 2 Siochi, Emilie J. 2 Wise, Kristopher E. 2 Lin, Yi 1 Connell, John W. 2 Smith, Michael W. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, 6 West Taylor Street, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 1/28/2012, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopes; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/23/3/035701
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73896803&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
AU  - Lazio, J.
AU  - Bale, S.
AU  - Bowman, J.
AU  - Bradley, R.
AU  - Carilli, C.
AU  - Furlanetto, S.
AU  - Harker, G.
AU  - Loeb, A.
AU  - Pritchard, J.
T1  - Probing the first stars and black holes in the early Universe with the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE)
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 433
EP  - 450
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: A concept for a new space-based cosmology mission called the Dark Ages Radio Explorer (DARE) is presented in this paper. DARE’s science objectives include: (1) When did the first stars form? (2) When did the first accreting black holes form? (3) When did Reionization begin? (4) What surprises does the end of the Dark Ages hold (e.g., Dark Matter decay)? DARE will use the highly-redshifted hyperfine 21-cm transition from neutral hydrogen to track the formation of the first luminous objects by their impact on the intergalactic medium during the end of the Dark Ages and during Cosmic Dawn (redshifts z =11–35). It will measure the sky-averaged spin temperature of neutral hydrogen at the unexplored epoch 80–420million years after the Big Bang, providing the first evidence of the earliest stars and galaxies to illuminate the cosmos and testing our models of galaxy formation. DARE’s approach is to measure the expected spectral features in the sky-averaged, redshifted 21-cm signal over a radio bandpass of 40–120MHz. DARE orbits the Moon for a mission lifetime of 3years and takes data above the lunar farside, the only location in the inner solar system proven to be free of human-generated radio frequency interference and any significant ionosphere. The science instrument is composed of a low frequency radiometer, including electrically-short, tapered, bi-conical dipole antennas, a receiver, and a digital spectrometer. The smooth frequency response of the antennas and the differential spectral calibration approach using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo technique will be applied to detect the weak cosmic 21-cm signal in the presence of the intense solar system and Galactic foreground emissions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERMASSIVE black holes
KW  - STARS
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - SPACE
KW  - SPIN temperature
KW  - GALAXIES -- Formation
KW  - UNIVERSE
KW  - Cosmology: first stars, dark ages, reionization
KW  - Instrumentation: detectors
KW  - Radio lines: general
N1  - Accession Number: 70390505; Burns, Jack O. 1,2; Email Address: jack.burns@colorado.edu Lazio, J. 2,3 Bale, S. 2,4 Bowman, J. 2,5 Bradley, R. 2,6 Carilli, C. 2,7 Furlanetto, S. 2,8 Harker, G. 1,2 Loeb, A. 2,9 Pritchard, J. 2,9; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, 593 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 138-308, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: Arizona State University, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 871504, Tempe, AZ 85287-1504, USA  6: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgement Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  7: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, 1003, Lopezville Road, Socorro, NM 87801-0387, USA  8: University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  9: Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., MS 51, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p433; Subject Term: SUPERMASSIVE black holes; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: SPACE; Subject Term: SPIN temperature; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Formation; Subject Term: UNIVERSE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmology: first stars, dark ages, reionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation: detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio lines: general; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.10.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martinez, Oscar
AU  - Sankar, Bhavani
AU  - Haftka, Raphael
AU  - Blosser, Max L.
T1  - Two-Dimensional Orthotropic Plate Analysis for an Integral Thermal Protection System.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 387
EP  - 398
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper is concerned with homogenization of a corrugated-core sandwich panel, which is a candidate structure for integrated thermal protection systems for space vehicles. The focus is on determining the local stresses in an integrated thermal protection system panel subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. A micromechanical method is developed to homogenize the sandwich panel as an equivalent orthotropic plate. Mechanical and thermal loads are applied to the equivalent thick plate, and the resulting plate deformations were obtained through a shear deformable plate theory. The two-dimensional plate deformations are used to obtain local integrated thermal protection system stresses through reverse homogenization. In addition, simple beam models are used to obtain local facesheet deformations and stress. The local stresses and deflections computed using the analytical method were compared with those from a detailed finite element analysis of the integrated thermal protection system. For the integrated thermal protection system examples considered in this paper, the maximum error in stresses and deflections is less than 5%. This was true for both mechanical and thermal loads acting on the integrated thermal protection system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 71039016; Martinez, Oscar 1 Sankar, Bhavani 1 Haftka, Raphael 1 Blosser, Max L. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p387; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051172
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckman, Richard S.
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - CEOS contributions to informing energy management and policy decision making using space-based Earth observations
JO  - Applied Energy
JF  - Applied Energy
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 90
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 206
EP  - 210
SN  - 03062619
AB  - Abstract: Earth observations are playing an increasingly significant role in informing decision making in the energy sector. In renewable energy applications, space-based observations now routinely augment sparse ground-based observations used as input for renewable energy resource assessment applications. As one of the nine Group on Earth Observations (GEO) societal benefit areas, the enhancement of management and policy decision making in the energy sector is receiving attention in activities conducted by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS). CEOS has become the “space arm” for the implementation of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) vision. It is directly supporting the space-based, near-term tasks articulated in the GEO three-year work plan. This paper describes a coordinated program of demonstration projects conducted by CEOS member agencies and partners to utilize Earth observations to enhance energy management end-user decision support systems. We discuss the importance of engagement with stakeholders and understanding their decision support needs in successfully increasing the uptake of Earth observation products for societal benefit. Several case studies are presented, demonstrating the importance of providing data sets in formats and units familiar and immediately usable by decision makers. These projects show the utility of Earth observations to enhance renewable energy resource assessment in the developing world, forecast space weather impacts on the power grid, and improve energy efficiency in the built environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Energy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY management
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - COMMITTEES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - RENEWABLE energy sources
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
KW  - Decision support
KW  - Energy efficiency
KW  - Energy management
KW  - Group on Earth Observations
KW  - Renewable energy resource assessment
N1  - Accession Number: 66946798; Eckman, Richard S. 1,2; Email Address: Richard.S.Eckman@nasa.gov Stackhouse, Paul W. 1; Email Address: Paul.W.Stackhouse@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: Earth Science Division, Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Mail Suite 3B74, Washington, DC 20546, United States; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 90 Issue 1, p206; Subject Term: ENERGY management; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: COMMITTEES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: RENEWABLE energy sources; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Committee on Earth Observation Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision support; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Group on Earth Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Renewable energy resource assessment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561210 Facilities Support Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561790 Other Services to Buildings and Dwellings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 531312 Nonresidential Property Managers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.03.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl A.
AU  - Poole, Jennifer A.
AU  - Tazaz, Amanda M.
AU  - Chanton, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
T1  - Substrate Limitation for Methanogenesis in Hypersaline Environments.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 97
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Motivated by the increasingly abundant evidence for hypersaline environments on Mars and reports of methane in its atmosphere, we examined methanogenesis in hypersaline ponds in Baja California Sur, Mexico, and in northern California, USA. Methane-rich bubbles trapped within or below gypsum/halite crusts have δ13C values near −40‰. Methane with these relatively high isotopic values would typically be considered thermogenic; however, incubations of crust samples resulted in the biological production of methane with similar isotopic composition. A series of measurements aimed at understanding the isotopic composition of methane in hypersaline systems was therefore undertaken. Methane production rates, as well as the concentrations and isotopic composition of the particulate organic carbon (POC), were measured. Methane production was highest from microbial communities living within gypsum crusts, whereas POC content at gypsum/halite sites was low, generally less than 1% of the total mass. The isotopic composition of the POC ranged from −26‰ to −10‰. To determine the substrates used by the methanogens, 13C-labeled methylamines, methanol, acetate, and bicarbonate were added to individual incubation vials, and the methane produced was monitored for 13C content. The main substrates used by the methanogens were the noncompetitive substrates, the methylamines, and methanol. When unlabeled trimethylamine (TMA) was added to incubating gypsum/halite crusts in increasing concentrations, the isotopic composition of the methane produced became progressively lower; the lowest methane δ13C values occurred when the most TMA was added (1000 μM final concentration). This decrease in the isotopic composition of the methane produced with increasing TMA concentrations, along with the high in situ methane δ13C values, suggests that the methanogens within the crusts are operating at low substrate concentrations. It appears that substrate limitation is decreasing isotopic fractionation during methanogenesis, which results in these abnormally high biogenic methane δ13C values. Key Words: Carbon isotopes-Methane-Evaporites-Guerrero Negro-Life in extreme environments. Astrobiology 12, 89-97. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - ISOTOPE geology
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - CRUST
N1  - Accession Number: 90251787; Kelley, Cheryl A. 1 Poole, Jennifer A. 1 Tazaz, Amanda M. 2 Chanton, Jeffrey P. 2 Bebout, Brad M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.  2: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.  3: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p89; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: ISOTOPE geology; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: CRUST; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0703
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251787&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Riviere-Marichalar, P.
AU  - Ménard, F.
AU  - Thi, W. F.
AU  - Kamp, I.
AU  - Montesinos, B.
AU  - Meeus, G.
AU  - Woitke, P.
AU  - Howard, C.
AU  - Sandell, G.
AU  - Podio, L.
AU  - Dent, W. R. F.
AU  - Mendigutía, I.
AU  - Pinte, C.
AU  - White, G. J.
AU  - Barrado, D.
T1  - Detection of warm water vapour in Taurus protoplanetary discs by Herschel.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 538
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Line spectra of 68 Taurus T Tauri stars were obtained with the Herschel-PACS (Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer) instrument as part of the GASPS (GAS evolution in Protoplanetary Systems) survey of protoplanetary discs. A careful examination of the linescans centred on the [OI] 63.18 μm fine-structure line unveiled a line at 63.32 μm in some of these spectra. We identify this line with the 818 → 707 transition of ortho-water. It is detected confidently (i.e., >3σ) in eight sources, i.e., ∼24% of the sub-sample with gas-rich discs. Several statistical tests were used to search for correlations with other disc and stellar parameters such as line fluxes of [Oi] 6300 Å and 63.18 μm; X-ray luminosity and continuum levels at 63 μm and 850 μm. Correlations are found between the water line fluxes and the [O i] 63.18 μm line luminosity, the dust continuum, and possibly with the stellar X-ray luminosity. This is the first time that this line of warm water vapour has been detected in protoplanetary discs. We discuss its origins, in particular whether it comes from the inner disc and/or disc surface or from shocks in outflows and jets. Our analysis favours a disc origin, with the observed water vapour line produced within 2-3 AU from the central stars, where the gas temperature is of the order of 500-600 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - EARLY stars
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - PROTO-planetary nebulae
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - line: identification
KW  - molecular data
KW  - protoplanetary disks
KW  - stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 82878806; Riviere-Marichalar, P. 1; Email Address: riviere@cab.inta-csic.es Ménard, F. 2 Thi, W. F. 2 Kamp, I. 3 Montesinos, B. 1 Meeus, G. 4 Woitke, P. 5,6,7 Howard, C. 8 Sandell, G. 8 Podio, L. 3 Dent, W. R. F. 9 Mendigutía, I. 1 Pinte, C. 3 White, G. J. 10,11 Barrado, D. 1,12; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Astrobiología - Depto. Astrofísica (CSIC-INTA), POB 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain  2: UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique (IPAG) UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France  3: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  4: Dep. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias, UAM Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain  5: University of Vienna, Dept. of Astronomy, Türkenschanzstr. 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria  6: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  7: SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK  8: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, USA  9: ALMA, Avda Apoquindo 3846, Piso 19, Edificio Alsacia, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile  10: Department of Physics & Astronomy, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK  11: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 OQL, UK  12: Calar Alto Observatory, Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán C/Jesús Durbán Remón, 2-2, 04004 Almería, Spain; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 538, p1; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: EARLY stars; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: PROTO-planetary nebulae; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: line: identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular data; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201118448
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82878806&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tilling, I.
AU  - Woitke, P.
AU  - Meeus, G.
AU  - Mora, A.
AU  - Montesinos, B.
AU  - Riviere-Marichalar, P.
AU  - Eiroa, C.
AU  - Thi, W. F.
AU  - Isella, A.
AU  - Roberge, A.
AU  - Martin-Zaidi, C.
AU  - Kamp, I.
AU  - Pinte, C.
AU  - Sandell, G.
AU  - Vacca, W. D.
AU  - Ménard, F.
AU  - Mendigutía, I.
AU  - Duchêne, G.
AU  - Dent, W. R. F.
AU  - Aresu, G.
T1  - Gas modelling in the disc of HD 163296.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 538
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 00046361
AB  - We present detailed model fits to observations of the disc around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296. This well-studied object has an age of ∼4Myr, with evidence of a circumstellar disc extending out to ∼540AU. We use the radiation thermo-chemical disc code ProDiMo to model the gas and dust in the circumstellar disc of HD 163296, and attempt to determine the disc properties by fitting to observational line and continuum data. These include new Herschel/PACS observations obtained as part of the open-time key program GASPS (GAS in Protoplanetary Systems), consisting of a detection of the [Oi] 63 μm line and upper limits for several other far infrared lines. We complement this with continuum data and ground-based observations of the 12CO 3-2, 2-1 and 13CO J = 1-0 line transitions, as well as an upper limit for the H2 0-0 S(1) transition. We explore the effects of stellar ultraviolet variability and dust settling on the line emission, and on the derived disc properties. Our fitting efforts lead to derived gas/dust ratios in the range 9-100, depending on the assumptions made. We note that the line fluxes are sensitive in general to the degree of dust settling in the disc, with an increase in line flux for settled models. This is most pronounced in lines which are formed in the warm gas in the inner disc, but the low excitation molecular lines are also affected. This has serious implications for attempts to derive the disc gas mass from line observations. We derive fractional PAH abundances between 0.007 and 0.04 relative to ISM levels. Using a stellar and UV excess input spectrum based on a detailed analysis of observations, we find that the all observations are consistent with the previously assumed disc geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - line:formation
KW  - protoplanetary disks
KW  - stars:Fundamental parameters
KW  - stars:pre-main sequence
N1  - Accession Number: 82878670; Tilling, I. 1; Email Address: it@roe.ac.uk Woitke, P. 2,3,4 Meeus, G. 5 Mora, A. 6 Montesinos, B. 7 Riviere-Marichalar, P. 7 Eiroa, C. 5 Thi, W. F. 8 Isella, A. 9 Roberge, A. 10 Martin-Zaidi, C. 8 Kamp, I. 11 Pinte, C. 8 Sandell, G. 12 Vacca, W. D. 12 Ménard, F. 8 Mendigutía, I. 7 Duchêne, G. 8,13 Dent, W. R. F. 14 Aresu, G. 11; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  2: University of Vienna, Dept. of Astronomy, Türkenschanzstr. 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria  3: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  4: SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK  5: Dep. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias, UAM Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain  6: ESA-ESAC Gaia SOC, PO Box 78. 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  7: Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (CAB, INTA-CSIC), ESAC Campus, PO Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  8: UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institutde Planétologie et d'Astrophysique (IPAG) UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France  9: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophysics, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  11: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  12: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 211-3 Moffett Field CA 94035, USA  13: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  14: ESO-ALMA, Avda Apoquindo 3846, Piso 19, Edificio Alsacia, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 538, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: line:formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars:Fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars:pre-main sequence; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201116919
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82878670&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Koch, David G.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Rowe, Jason
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - DeVore, Edna
AU  - Gautier III, Thomas N.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald
AU  - Gould, Alan
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
T1  - Kepler-22b: A 2.4 EARTH-RADIUS PLANET IN THE HABITABLE ZONE OF A SUN-LIKE STAR.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 745
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A search of the time-series photometry from NASA's Kepler spacecraft reveals a transiting planet candidate orbiting the 11th magnitude G5 dwarf KIC 10593626 with a period of 290 days. The characteristics of the host star are well constrained by high-resolution spectroscopy combined with an asteroseismic analysis of the Kepler photometry, leading to an estimated mass and radius of 0.970 ± 0.060M⊙ and 0.979 ± 0.020R⊙. The depth of 492 ± 10 ppm for the three observed transits yields a radius of 2.38 ± 0.13 Re for the planet. The system passes a battery of tests for false positives, including reconnaissance spectroscopy, high-resolution imaging, and centroid motion. A full BLENDER analysis provides further validation of the planet interpretation by showing that contamination of the target by an eclipsing system would rarely mimic the observed shape of the transits. The final validation of the planet is provided by 16 radial velocities (RVs) obtained with the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on Keck I over a one-year span. Although the velocities do not lead to a reliable orbit and mass determination, they are able to constrain the mass to a 3σ upper limit of 124M⊕, safely in the regime of planetary masses, thus earning the designation Kepler-22b. The radiative equilibrium temperature is 262 K for a planet in Kepler-22b's orbit. Although there is no evidence that Kepler-22b is a rocky planet, it is the first confirmed planet with a measured radius to orbit in the habitable zone of any star other than the Sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual (Kepler-22, KIC 10593626)
N1  - Accession Number: 73784506; Borucki, William J. 1; Email Address: William.J.Borucki@nasa.gov Koch, David G. 1 Batalha, Natalie 2 Bryson, Stephen T. 1 Rowe, Jason 3 Fressin, Francois 4 Torres, Guillermo 4 Caldwell, Douglas A. 3 Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen 5,6 Cochran, William D. 7 DeVore, Edna 3 Gautier III, Thomas N. 8 Geary, John C. 4 Gilliland, Ronald 9 Gould, Alan 10 Howell, Steve B. 1 Jenkins, Jon M. 3 Latham, David W. 4 Lissauer, Jack J. 1 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, 95192, USA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  6: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  7: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, 91109, USA  9: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  10: Lawrence Hall of Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  11: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 745 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (Kepler-22, KIC 10593626); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/745/2/120
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73784506&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoo, Sean W.
AU  - Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo
AU  - Sacksteder, Kurt R.
AU  - Zhang, Peng
AU  - Zhu, Delin
AU  - Law, Chung K.
T1  - Response of spherical diffusion flames subjected to rotation: Microgravity experimentation and computational simulation
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 159
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 665
EP  - 672
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Microgravity experiments were conducted in the 2.2-s drop tower and zero-gravity facility at NASA-GRC to gain fundamental understanding of the effects of spinning on an otherwise spherical diffusion flame. The flames were generated by injecting either a fuel or an oxidizer mixture from a porous burner to a controlled ambient of either an oxidizer or fuel mixture, respectively. Results show that the polar flame location scales with the angular velocity monotonically as , where a is greater and smaller than unity for small and large spinning velocities, respectively. On the contrary, the equatorial flame location responds nonmonotonically to increasing spinning velocity: first increasing and then decreasing. The experimental observations agree well with the computational simulation where the simulated results demonstrate that the nonmonotonic response of the equatorial flame location is caused by dilution of the reactant concentration in the outwardly-directed radial flow by the product and inert that are carried by the inwardly-directed polar flow upon traversing the flame segment in the polar region. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAME
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - MIXTURES
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - CHEMISTRY experiments
KW  - Rotating spherical diffusion flame
N1  - Accession Number: 70042751; Yoo, Sean W. 1 Chaudhuri, Swetaprovo 1; Email Address: sweto@princeton.edu Sacksteder, Kurt R. 2 Zhang, Peng 1 Zhu, Delin 1 Law, Chung K. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 159 Issue 2, p665; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotating spherical diffusion flame; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.07.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70042751&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oterkus, Erkan
AU  - Madenci, Erdogan
AU  - Weckner, Olaf
AU  - Silling, Stewart
AU  - Bogert, Philip
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
T1  - Combined finite element and peridynamic analyses for predicting failure in a stiffened composite curved panel with a central slot
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 94
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 839
EP  - 850
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: This study presents an analysis approach based on a merger of the finite element method and the peridynamic theory. Its validity is established through qualitative and quantitative comparisons against the test results for a stiffened composite curved panel with a central slot under combined internal pressure and axial tension. The predicted initial and final failure loads, as well as the final failure modes, are in close agreement with the experimental observations. This approach demonstrates the capability of the PD approach to assess the durability of complex composite structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - Composites
KW  - Failure
KW  - Nonlocal
KW  - Peridynamic theory
KW  - Progressive
N1  - Accession Number: 70158313; Oterkus, Erkan 1; Email Address: oterkus@email.arizona.edu Madenci, Erdogan 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Weckner, Olaf 2; Email Address: Olaf.Weckner@boeing.com Silling, Stewart 3; Email Address: sasilli@sandia.gov Bogert, Philip 4; Email Address: philip.b.bogert@nasa.gov Tessler, Alexander 4; Email Address: alexander.tessler-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0119, United States  2: Boeing Research & Technology, Seattle, WA 98124-2207, United States  3: Multiscale Dynamic Material Modeling Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185-1322, United States  4: Structural Mechanical and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 94 Issue 3, p839; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlocal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peridynamic theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Progressive; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.07.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GARCIA, D. B.
AU  - FORMAN, R.
AU  - SHINDO, D.
T1  - Experimental evaluation of fatigue crack initiation from corroded hemispherical notches in aerospace structural materials.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 35
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 122
EP  - 140
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - ABSTRACT A test program was developed and executed to evaluate the influence of corroded hemispherical notches on the fatigue crack initiation process in aluminium 7075-T7351, 4340 steel and D6AC steel. Surface enhancements such as shot peening and laser shock peening were also incorporated as part of the test effort with the intent of assessing any improvements in fatigue performance. The aluminium specimens exhibited a relative insensitivity to the surface enhancements for crack initiation in pits ranging from 0.3 to 2.0 mm, and localized yielding was only a factor for smaller pits operated at an elevated load ratio. Residual stresses created by the surface enhancements as well as localized yielding improved the crack initiation behavior from the base of the pits for both the 4340 and D6AC steel specimens. This behaviour was evident at high and low load ratios. In particular, laser shock peening induced residual stresses produced a significant increase in the crack initiation stress even when localized yielding was not a factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - CORROSION & anti-corrosives
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - SHOT peening
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 71516091; GARCIA, D. B. 1 FORMAN, R. 2 SHINDO, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) 2450 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p122; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: CORROSION & anti-corrosives; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: SHOT peening; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 9 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2011.01599.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71516091&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holdeman, James
AU  - Clisset, James
AU  - Moder, Jeffrey
T1  - Spreadsheet calculations of jets in crossflow: opposed rows of inline and staggered round holes.
JO  - Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 48
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 424
SN  - 09477411
AB  - The objective of this study was to demonstrate and analyze empirical model results for jet-in-crossflow configurations which are typical in gas turbine combustors. Calculations in this paper, for opposed rows of round holes in both inline and staggered arrangements, were made with an Excel spreadsheet implementation of a NASA-developed empirical model for the mean conserved scalar field. Results for cases of opposed rows of jets with the orifices on one side shifted by half the orifice spacing shows that staggering can improve the mixing, particularly for cases that would overpenetrate if the orifices were in an aligned configuration. For all cases investigated, the dimensionless variance of the mixture fraction decreased significantly with increasing downstream distance. The variation between cases at a given downstream location was smaller, but the 'best' mixers for opposed rows of jets were found to be inline and staggered arrangements at an orifice spacing that is optimum for inline jets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - SCALAR field theory
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 70934180; Holdeman, James; Email Address: jjdholdeman@aol.com Clisset, James Moder, Jeffrey 1; Affiliation:  1: Combustion Branch, Aeropropulsion Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 44135 USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 48 Issue 2, p413; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: SCALAR field theory; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00231-011-0913-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandell, Myron J.
AU  - Davis, V. A.
AU  - Davis, G. T.
AU  - Maurer, R. H.
AU  - Herrmann, C.
T1  - Photoemission Driven Charging in Tenuous Plasma.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2012/02//2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 216
SN  - 00933813
AB  - In the cold, tenuous plasma commonly encountered in magnetospheric and interplanetary orbits, and in the case of scientific satellites with nearly all surfaces effectively conducting, surface charging is driven by photoemission current. The differential potential of the few insulating surfaces, such as lenses or insulating grout between solar cells, can be positive or negative depending on the photoemissivity of the material. We analyze this effect for spacecraft like those of the Magnetospheric MultiScale and the Radiation Belt Storm Probes missions. This paper develops a simple theory for the potentials of sunlit insulators, focusing on insulators that make up a small part of a large conductive surface. The shape of the photoemission spectrum places an absolute limit of about 12 V of positive differential charging on sunlit insulators. For small insulating surfaces, the conventional assumption—that the photoelectronsthat cannot energetically escape return to their surface of origin—is not valid because the photoelectron trajectory path length is large compared with the surface dimension. We describe a theory that accounts for photoelectron transport between small insulators and the surrounding conductive area. These calculations are done both for the case that the insulator has photoemission similar to the conductive area and for the case that the photoemission is far less, as is the case for many insulators. If the insulator has photoemission current density similar to that of a conductor, we predict positive differential potentials of about 2 V at low chassis potential and negligible differential at high chassis potential. In the opposite case that the insulator photoemission is low, we predict no differential at low chassis potentials and negative differential potentials of up to several volts at high chassis potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOEMISSION
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERIC currents
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - PHOTOELECTRONS
KW  - CURRENT density (Electromagnetism)
KW  - Electric potential
KW  - Insulators
KW  - Photoelectricity
KW  - Photoemission
KW  - Plasmas
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - spacecraft charging
KW  - Surface charging
KW  - Surface treatment
N1  - Accession Number: 73616354; Mandell, Myron J. 1 Davis, V. A. 1 Davis, G. T. 2 Maurer, R. H. 3 Herrmann, C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation, San Diego, CA, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p209; Subject Term: PHOTOEMISSION; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERIC currents; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRONS; Subject Term: CURRENT density (Electromagnetism); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insulators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoelectricity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoemission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: spacecraft charging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface charging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2179675
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73616354&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vayner, Boris
AU  - Galofaro, Joel T.
T1  - Inception and Prevention of Sustained Discharges on Solar Arrays.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2012/02//2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 40
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 388
EP  - 393
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Sustained arc between adjacent cells is certainly a catastrophic event that results in significant loss in the power delivered to spacecraft systems. In order to prevent this kind of discharges, the threshold magnitudes of voltage and current should be determined in ground tests and compared with respective operational parameters. It is necessary to demonstrate that the results of ground tests depend on solar array designs but do not depend on the simulated environment and the electrical circuitry arrangement. A thorough analysis of about 20 tests performed in different laboratories has been conducted in this work. Sustained arc current thresholds were established for a variety of solar array designs and confronted with well-known magnitudes for vacuum arcs. If both voltage and string current magnitudes exceed the threshold values, the gaps between adjacent strings can be filled in with insulating material (RTV). Comprehensive ground tests demonstrated a high efficiency of this method. However, the lifetime of modern spacecraft spans for 10–15 years, and aging of RTV due to space radiation and temperature variations may cause critical changes in insulator properties. Thus, it seems reasonable to prepare a sample with RTV-grouted gaps, to undergo it proton fluence and thermal cycling equivalent to a few years in the geosynchronous orbit, and to test the sample against sustained arc inception. This program was also realized in the test described in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - GEOSYNCHRONOUS orbits
KW  - THRESHOLD voltage
KW  - PROTON accelerators
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - Arc discharges
KW  - Cathodes
KW  - Discharges
KW  - Electrostatic discharges
KW  - Materials
KW  - photovoltaic space power systems
KW  - plasma properties
KW  - Plasmas
KW  - solar power generation
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - Synthetic aperture sonar
KW  - vacuum arcs
N1  - Accession Number: 73616342; Vayner, Boris 1 Galofaro, Joel T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: John H. Glenn Research Center, NASA, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p388; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: GEOSYNCHRONOUS orbits; Subject Term: THRESHOLD voltage; Subject Term: PROTON accelerators; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arc discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cathodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: Materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: photovoltaic space power systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar power generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synthetic aperture sonar; Author-Supplied Keyword: vacuum arcs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2177480
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73616342&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prevot, Thomas
AU  - Homola, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Martin, Lynne H.
AU  - Mercer, Joey S.
AU  - Cabrall, Christopher D.
T1  - Toward Automated Air Traffic Control—Investigating a Fundamental Paradigm Shift in Human/Systems Interaction.
JO  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 98
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10447318
AB  - Predicted air traffic increases over the next 25 years may create a significant capacity problem that the United States' National Airspace System will be unable to accommodate. The concept of introducing automated separation assurance was proposed to help solve this problem. However, the introduction of such a concept involves a fundamental paradigm shift in which automation is allowed to perform safety-critical tasks that today are strictly the air traffic controllers' domain. Moving toward automated air traffic control, therefore, requires a careful and thorough investigation. As part of an ongoing series, three human-in-the-loop simulation studies were conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center with the overarching goal of determining whether the automated separation assurance concept can be integrated into air traffic control operations in an acceptable and safe manner. These studies investigated a range of issues including the proper levels of automation for given capacity targets, off-nominal operations from both air and ground perspectives, and sustained near-full mission operations with many tasks allocated to the automation in the presence of convective weather and scheduling constraints. Overall, it was found that the concept has the potential to solve the envisioned airspace capacity problem. The automation was largely effective and robust, and the function allocation of tasks between controllers and automation was generally acceptable. However, feedback and results also showed that further technological development is necessary to improve trajectory prediction and conflict detection accuracy. The need for further procedural development to govern controller/automation and air/ground interactions was also highlighted. These and other considerations are addressed as the automated separation assurance concept is further tested and pursued through subsequent studies.  This article not subject to US copyright law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC identification
KW  - INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software)
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 70133390; Prevot, Thomas 1; Email Address: thomas.prevot@nasa.gov Homola, Jeffrey R. 2 Martin, Lynne H. 2 Mercer, Joey S. 2 Cabrall, Christopher D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  2: San Jose State University/NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p77; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC identification; Subject Term: INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software); Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 13 Color Photographs, 11 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10447318.2012.634756
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70133390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vu, Kim-Phuong L.
AU  - Strybel, Thomas Z.
AU  - Battiste, Vernol
AU  - Lachter, Joel
AU  - Dao, Arik-Quang V.
AU  - Brandt, Summer
AU  - Ligda, Sarah
AU  - Johnson, Walter
T1  - Pilot Performance in Trajectory-Based Operations Under Concepts of Operation That Vary Separation Responsibility Across Pilots, Air Traffic Controllers, and Automation.
JO  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 118
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10447318
AB  - The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will revolutionize the air traffic management system in the United States. NextGen will involve human operators interacting with new technologies in a complex system, making human factors and human–computer interaction considerations a major concern. The present study reports data from a human-in-the-loop simulation that evaluated pilot performance, workload, and situation awareness under one of three plausible NextGen concepts of operation. The concepts of operation differed with respect to the allocation of separation responsibility across human pilots and air traffic controllers (ATCs), and automation. Pilots were asked to employ trajectory-based operations to perform weather avoidance maneuvers, an interval management task, and a continuous descent approach. Depending on the concept being tested, they were also given the responsibility of separation assurance (Concept 1) or received conflict resolutions from an ATC (Concept 2) or automated system (Concept 3). Overall, pilot performance on the various flight tasks was worse in Concept 3 than in Concepts 1 and 2. Although pilot workload did not differ across the three concepts, pilot situation awareness was highest in Concept 1, in which the pilots were given the most responsibilities. These findings suggest that keeping pilots engaged in separation assurance tasks may be preferable to having them rely on automation alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC identification
KW  - INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software)
KW  - AUTOMATION -- Human factors
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - COMMUNICATIONS industries
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 70133392; Vu, Kim-Phuong L. 1; Email Address: kvu8@csulb.edu Strybel, Thomas Z. 1 Battiste, Vernol 2 Lachter, Joel 2 Dao, Arik-Quang V. 2 Brandt, Summer 2 Ligda, Sarah 2 Johnson, Walter 3; Affiliation:  1: California State University Long Beach, USA  2: San Jose State University Foundation, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p107; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC identification; Subject Term: INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software); Subject Term: AUTOMATION -- Human factors; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: COMMUNICATIONS industries; Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 6 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10447318.2012.634761
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70133392&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prinzel III, Lawrence J.
AU  - Kramer, Lynda J.
AU  - Shelton, Kevin J.
AU  - Arthur, Jarvis J.
AU  - Bailey, Randall E.
AU  - Norman, Robert M.
AU  - Ellis, Kyle L.
AU  - Barmore, Bryan E.
T1  - Flight Deck Interval Management Delegated Separation Using Equivalent Visual Operations.
JO  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 130
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10447318
AB  - The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) concept termed, “Equivalent Visual Operations” (EVO) represents a fundamentally different operational approach to current issues confronting commercial aviation. Synthetic and enhanced flight vision system (S/EVS) technologies are critical enabling technologies to EVO. Research was conducted that evaluated concepts for flight-deck-based interval management operations, integrated with S/EVS. One of the concepts tested involves delegated flight-deck-based separation, in which the flight crews were paired with another aircraft and responsible for spacing and maintaining separation from the paired aircraft termed “equivalent visual separation.” The operation required the flight crews to acquire and maintain an “equivalent visual contact” as well as to conduct manual landings in low-visibility conditions utilizing S/EVS and other flight deck technologies. The article describes results that evaluated the concept of EVO delegated separation, including an off-nominal scenario in which the lead aircraft was not able to conform to the assigned spacing resulting in a loss of separation. The results demonstrated that delegated separation improved flight deck situation awareness without an increase in mental workload. Implications for NextGen and future research directions are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - AIRLINE industry employees
N1  - Accession Number: 70133393; Prinzel III, Lawrence J. 1; Email Address: lawrence.j.prinzel@nasa.gov Kramer, Lynda J. 1 Shelton, Kevin J. 1 Arthur, Jarvis J. 1 Bailey, Randall E. 1 Norman, Robert M. 2 Ellis, Kyle L. 1 Barmore, Bryan E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  2: Boeing Research and Technology, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p119; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry employees; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10447318.2012.634764
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70133393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferrick, Michael G.
AU  - Mulherina, Nathan D.
AU  - Coutermarsha, Barry A.
AU  - Durell, Glenn D.
AU  - Curtis, Leslie A.
AU  - Clair, Terry L. St.
AU  - Weiser, Erik S.
AU  - Cano, Roberto J.
AU  - Smith, Trent M.
AU  - Stevenson, Charles G.
AU  - Martinez, Eloy C.
T1  - Minimization of Ice Adhesion to Space Shuttle Component Surfaces.
JO  - Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
JF  - Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 503
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01694243
AB  - The goals of this two-phase experimental program were to optimize the effectiveness of an icephobic coat-ing for use on several Space Shuttle surfaces. Coating application with a foam brush provided consistent, controlled and reproducible surface coverage. Ice samples were grown slowly and consistently at -- 10°C prior to cooling to a constant -- 112°C temperature for cryogenic double lap shear testing. Phase 1 tests were focused on finding an optimal coating mix of Rain-X and varying weight fractions of PTFE powders MP-55 and UF-8TA. The MP-55 coatings produced large reductions in ice adhesion to aluminum coupons while the UF-8TA coatings were similar to uncoated controls. The M4 mixture with 40% MP-55 and 60% Rain-X gave the best and most consistent coating with outstanding performance and durability through five cycles of ice growth and adhesion failure. Phase 2 tests verified the effectiveness and durability of this coating over Koropon, Kapton tape, Kapton film and fire-retardant-paint surfaces on the shuttle and quantified the changes in effectiveness resulting from the addition of an ultraviolet light absorber (UVA). Solvent loss from Rain-X during prolonged mixing of the coating caused a greater increase in ice adhesion than that by adding the UVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - HYDROPHOBIC surfaces
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
KW  - cryogenic temperature
KW  - Double lap shear testing
KW  - hydrophobic coat-ing
KW  - ice adhesion
KW  - icephobic coating
KW  - Space Shuttle
N1  - Accession Number: 79783421; Ferrick, Michael G. 1; Email Address: michael.g.ferrick@usace.army.mil Mulherina, Nathan D. 1 Coutermarsha, Barry A. 1 Durell, Glenn D. 1 Curtis, Leslie A. 2 Clair, Terry L. St. 3 Weiser, Erik S. 4 Cano, Roberto J. 4 Smith, Trent M. 3 Stevenson, Charles G. 5 Martinez, Eloy C. 6; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, USA  2: NASA Engineering & Safety Center, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, KSC, FL 32899, USA  6: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 26 Issue 4/5, p473; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: ADHESION; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: HYDROPHOBIC surfaces; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: cryogenic temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Double lap shear testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrophobic coat-ing; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice adhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: icephobic coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle; Number of Pages: 31p; Illustrations: 10 Black and White Photographs, 11 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1163/016942411X574619
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cano, Roberto J.
AU  - Weiser, Erik S.
AU  - Smith, Trent M.
AU  - Trigwell, Steven
AU  - Curtis, Leslie A.
AU  - Drewry, Douglas
T1  - Characterization of an Ice Adhesion Reduction Coating for the Space Shuttle Liquid Hydrogen and Liquid Oxygen Umbilical Systems. (Cover story)
JO  - Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
JF  - Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 621
EP  - 649
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 01694243
AB  - NASA has recently developed an ice adhesion reduction coating given the designation Shuttle Ice Libera-tion Coating (SILC). SILC provides reduced adhesion of ice to a variety of substrate materials commonly found on the Space Shuttle External Tank (ET) and Orbiter. ET thermal protection system (TPS) material substrates, Stepanfoam BX-265, North Carolina Foam Industries (NCFI) 24-124, and Polymer Develop-ment Laboratory (PDL)-1034, were tested in tensile mode to evaluate ice adhesion. Tensile testing of ice grown onto these substrates was conducted at -18°C (0°F) and --7°C (20°F). For all tests the ice adhe-sion to the sample was reduced by approximately 90% for test samples coated with SILC compared with uncoated test samples. The durability of the SILC material was demonstrated by consistently good perfor-mance after multiple test cycles. SILC durability was verified by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and contact angle goniometry experiments on pristine, mechanically tested and weathered and aged samples. SILC devel-opment, mechanical testing, and testing of flight hardware for ice adhesion on Space Shuttle hardware in relevant atmospheric conditions demonstrated the ability of SILC to reduce and affect the formation of ice and its ability to adhere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Adhesion Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - LIQUID oxygen
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - coatings
KW  - cryogenics
KW  - high contact angle
KW  - Ice adhesion
KW  - low surface energy
N1  - Accession Number: 79783428; Cano, Roberto J. 1; Email Address: roberto.j.cano@nasa.gov Weiser, Erik S. 1 Smith, Trent M. 2 Trigwell, Steven 2 Curtis, Leslie A. 3 Drewry, Douglas 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 6A West Taylor Street, Building 1293A, Room 118B, Mail Stop 226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA.  2: NASA Kennedy Space Center, KSC, FL 32899, USA  3: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35813, USA  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 26 Issue 4/5, p621; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: ADHESION; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: LIQUID oxygen; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: cryogenics; Author-Supplied Keyword: high contact angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice adhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: low surface energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 29p; Illustrations: 16 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1163/016942411X574808
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colgan, William
AU  - Rajaram, Harihar
AU  - Anderson, Robert S.
AU  - Steffen, Konrad
AU  - Zwally, H. Jay
AU  - Phillips, Thomas
AU  - Abdalati, Waleed
T1  - The annual glaciohydrology cycle in the ablation zone of the Greenland ice sheet: Part 2. Observed and modeled ice flow.
JO  - Journal of Glaciology
JF  - Journal of Glaciology
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 207
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 64
SN  - 00221430
AB  - The article focuses on a study concerning the ice flow during the annual glaciohydrology cycle in the Sermeq Avannarleq ablation zone of the ice sheet in West Greenland. It notes that the glaciohydrology cycle of the region tends to be similar to that of an alpine glacier and features a speed-up phase in the summer after a slowdown phase in the fall. Under the study, a one-dimensional (1-D) ice-flow model has been combined with a 1-D glacier hydrology model using a semi-empirical sliding rule. Findings suggest that the cycle along the majority of the flowline can be attributed to the changes of the glaciohydrologic system driven by meltwater inputs.
KW  - GLACIOLOGY
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - GLACIERS
KW  - MELTWATER
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - HYDROGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 73784363; Colgan, William 1,2; Email Address: william.colgan@colorado.edu Rajaram, Harihar 3 Anderson, Robert S. 4,5 Steffen, Konrad 1,2 Zwally, H. Jay 6 Phillips, Thomas 1 Abdalati, Waleed 1,2,7; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Department of Geography, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  3: Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  4: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  7: Headquarters, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 58 Issue 207, p51; Subject Term: GLACIOLOGY; Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: GLACIERS; Subject Term: MELTWATER; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: HYDROGRAPHY; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3189/2012JoG11J081
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knuth, M.A.
AU  - Johnson, J.B.
AU  - Hopkins, M.A.
AU  - Sullivan, R.J.
AU  - Moore, J.M.
T1  - Discrete element modeling of a Mars Exploration Rover wheel in granular material
JO  - Journal of Terramechanics
JF  - Journal of Terramechanics
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 36
SN  - 00224898
AB  - Abstract: Three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulations were developed for the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission to investigate: (1) rover wheel interactions with martian regolith; and (2) regolith deformation in a geotechnical triaxial strength cell (GTSC). These DEM models were developed to improve interpretations of laboratory and in situ rover data, and can simulate complicated regolith conditions. A DEM simulation was created of a laboratory experiment that involved a MER wheel digging into lunar regolith simulant. Sinkage and torques measured in the experiment were compared with those predicted numerically using simulated particles of increasing shape complexity (spheres, ellipsoids, and poly-ellipsoids). GTSC simulations, using the same model regolith used in the MER simulations, indicate a peak friction angle of approximately 37–38° compared to internal friction angles of 36.5–37.7° determined from the wheel digging experiments. Density of the DEM regolith was 1820kg/m3 compared to 1660kg/m3 for the lunar simulant used in the wheel digging experiment indicating that the number of grain contacts and grain contact resistance determined bulk strength in the DEM simulations, not density. An improved correspondence of DEM and actual test regolith densities is needed to simulate the evolution of regolith properties as density changes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Terramechanics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Discrete element method
KW  - Lunar regolith simulant
KW  - Mars Exploration Rover
KW  - Triaxial test
KW  - MARS Exploration Rover Mission (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 71487809; Knuth, M.A. 1; Email Address: margaret.a.knuth@usace.army.mil Johnson, J.B. 2; Email Address: jbjohnson5@alaska.edu Hopkins, M.A. 1; Email Address: mark.a.hopkins@usace.army.mil Sullivan, R.J. 3; Email Address: rjs33@cornell.edu Moore, J.M. 4; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: US Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Rd., Hanover, NH 03755, United States  2: Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska-Fairbanks, 599 Duckering Building, Fairbanks, AK 99775, United States  3: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States  4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar regolith simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Exploration Rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triaxial test; Company/Entity: MARS Exploration Rover Mission (U.S.); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jterra.2011.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chatterjee, Anuran
AU  - Diordieva, Inna
AU  - Yumoto, Kenji
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
T1  - Protein array profiling of mouse serum, six months post whole body radiation with 56Fe.
JO  - Journal of Toxicological Sciences
JF  - Journal of Toxicological Sciences
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 215
EP  - 217
SN  - 03881350
AB  - To determine the chronic effects of heavy ion irradiation, an antibody based proteomic microarray technology was applied to monitor alterations in the serum proteome, six months after whole body irradiation of adult male C57Bl/6 mice with 0.5 Gray of 56Fe. Out of 507 proteins, irradiation reduced expression of 25 proteins and enhanced expression of 12 proteins in serum (> 5% change relative to sham-irradiated controls). Of the 25 proteins found to be down-regulated, Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase (PARP) was 13% lower in the 0.5Gy mice and among the up-regulated proteins, beta-Tubulin was found to be 10% higher in the 0.5Gy group compared to the sham-irradiated 0Gy controls. Thus, irradiation with a relatively low dose of heavy ions caused persistent and selective changes in serum levels of proteins that are typically intracellular, suggesting chronic genotoxic damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Toxicological Sciences is the property of Japanese Society of Toxicology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON isotopes
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - GENETIC toxicology
KW  - GENETIC regulation
KW  - Mice
KW  - Microarray
KW  - Proteomic
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Serum
N1  - Accession Number: 71892696; Chatterjee, Anuran 1 Diordieva, Inna 2 Yumoto, Kenji 1 Globus, Ruth K. 1 Bhattacharya, Sharmila 1; Email Address: sharmila.bhattacharya@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  2: Clontech Laboratories, 1290 Terra Bella Avenue, Mountain View, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p215; Subject Term: IRON isotopes; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: GENETIC toxicology; Subject Term: GENETIC regulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proteomic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Serum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - Editorial
JO  - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
JF  - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 13698001
N1  - Accession Number: 75356049; Hepp, Aloysius F. 1; Email Address: profhepp@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p1; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.mssp.2012.03.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fischer, Debra A.
AU  - Schwamb, Megan E.
AU  - Schawinski, Kevin
AU  - Lintott, Chris
AU  - Brewer, John
AU  - Giguere, Matt
AU  - Lynn, Stuart
AU  - Parrish, Michael
AU  - Sartori, Thibault
AU  - Simpson, Robert
AU  - Smith, Arfon
AU  - Spronck, Julien
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Rowe, Jason
AU  - Jenkins, Jon
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Prsa, Andrej
AU  - Tenenbaum, Peter
AU  - Crepp, Justin
AU  - Morton, Tim
T1  - Planet Hunters: the first two planet candidates identified by the public using the Kepler public archive data.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 419
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2900
EP  - 2911
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT Planet Hunters is a new citizen science project designed to engage the public in an exoplanet search using NASA Kepler public release data. In the first month after launch, users identified two new planet candidates which survived our checks for false positives. The follow-up effort included analysis of Keck HIRES spectra of the host stars, analysis of pixel centroid offsets in the Kepler data and adaptive optics imaging at Keck using NIRC2. Spectral synthesis modelling coupled with stellar evolutionary models yields a stellar density distribution, which is used to model the transit orbit. The orbital periods of the planet candidates are 9.8844 ± 0.0087 d (KIC 10905746) and 49.7696 ± 0.000 39 d (KIC 6185331), and the modelled planet radii are 2.65 and 8.05 R⊕. The involvement of citizen scientists as part of Planet Hunters is therefore shown to be a valuable and reliable tool in exoplanet detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - STARS -- Density
KW  - STARS -- Distribution
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 70210763; Fischer, Debra A. 1 Schwamb, Megan E. 2,3 Schawinski, Kevin 2,3 Lintott, Chris 4,5 Brewer, John 1 Giguere, Matt 1 Lynn, Stuart 4 Parrish, Michael 5 Sartori, Thibault 1,6 Simpson, Robert 4 Smith, Arfon 4,5 Spronck, Julien 1 Batalha, Natalie 7 Rowe, Jason 8 Jenkins, Jon 9 Bryson, Steve 8 Prsa, Andrej 10 Tenenbaum, Peter 9 Crepp, Justin 11 Morton, Tim 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  2: Department of Physics, Yale University, PO Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  3: Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, PO Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  4: Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH  5: Adler Planetarium, 1300 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA  6: Ecole normale superieure, 45, rue dUlm /29 rue dUlm, F-75230 Paris Cedex 05, France  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA  11: Department of Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, MS 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 419 Issue 4, p2900; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: STARS -- Density; Subject Term: STARS -- Distribution; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19932.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Wagner, Roland
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Giese, Bernd
AU  - Hibbitts, Charles A.
AU  - Roatsch, Thomas
AU  - Matz, Klaus-Dieter
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - Cappacioni, Fabrizio
AU  - Scholten, F.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Hansen, Gary B.
AU  - Nicholson, Phil D.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Nelson, Robert M.
AU  - Matson, Dennis L.
T1  - The Saturnian satellite Rhea as seen by Cassini VIMS
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 142
EP  - 160
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Since the arrival of the Cassini spacecraft at Saturn in June 2004, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer has obtained new spectral data of the icy satellites of Saturn in the spectral range from 0.35 to 5.2μm. Numerous flybys were performed at Saturn’s second largest satellite Rhea, providing a nearly complete coverage with pixel-ground resolutions sufficient to analyze variations of spectral properties across Rhea’s surface in detail. We present an overview of the VIMS observations obtained so far, as well as the analysis of the spectral properties identified in the VIMS spectra and their variations across its surface compared with spatially highly resolved Cassini ISS images and digital elevation models. Spectral variations measured across Rhea’s surface are similar to the variations observed in the VIMS observations of its neighbor Dione, implying similar processes causing or at least inducing their occurrence. Thus, magnetospheric particles and dust impacting onto the trailing hemisphere appear to be responsible for the concentration of dark rocky/organic material and minor amounts of CO2 in the cratered terrain on the trailing hemisphere. Despite the prominent spectral signatures of Rhea’s fresh impact crater Inktomi, radiation effects were identified that also affect the H2O ice-rich cratered terrain of the leading hemisphere. The concentration of H2O ice in the vicinity of steep tectonic scarps near 270°W and geologically fresh impact craters implies that Rhea exhibits an icy crust at least in the upper few kilometers. Despite the evidence for past tectonic events, no indications of recent endogenically powered processes could be identified in the Cassini data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - DIGITAL elevation models
KW  - RHEA (Satellite)
KW  - DIONE (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Cassini/VIMS
KW  - Icy satellites
KW  - Rhea
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Surfaces
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 71335717; Stephan, Katrin 1; Email Address: Katrin.Stephan@dlr.de Jaumann, Ralf 1,2 Wagner, Roland 1 Clark, Roger N. 3 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Giese, Bernd 1 Hibbitts, Charles A. 5 Roatsch, Thomas 1 Matz, Klaus-Dieter 1 Brown, Robert H. 6 Filacchione, Gianrico 7 Cappacioni, Fabrizio 7 Scholten, F. 1 Buratti, Bonnie J. 8 Hansen, Gary B. 9 Nicholson, Phil D. 10 Baines, Kevin H. 11 Nelson, Robert M. 8 Matson, Dennis L. 8; Affiliation:  1: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  2: Freie Universität, FR Planetologie und Fernerkundung, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany  3: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver CO 80225, USA Pasadena CA 91109, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: JHU Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md., USA  6: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA  7: INAF-IASF, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100 Rome, Italy  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA 91109, USA  9: University of Washington, Seattle, USA  10: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, Ithaca, NY, USA  11: SSEC, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p142; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: DIGITAL elevation models; Subject Term: RHEA (Satellite); Subject Term: DIONE (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cassini/VIMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Icy satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rhea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2011.07.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara A.C.
AU  - Rogge, Matthew D.
AU  - Miller, Corey A.
AU  - Hinders, Mark K.
T1  - Multiple-mode Lamb wave scattering simulations using 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique
JO  - Ultrasonics
JF  - Ultrasonics
Y1  - 2012/02//
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 193
EP  - 207
SN  - 0041624X
AB  - Abstract: We have implemented three-dimensional (3D) elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT) simulations to model Lamb wave scattering for two flaw-types in an aircraft-grade aluminum plate, a rounded rectangle flat-bottom hole and a disbond of the same shape. The plate thickness and flaws explored in this work include frequency–thickness regions where several Lamb wave modes exist and sometimes overlap in phase and/or group velocity. For the case of the flat-bottom hole the depth was incrementally increased to explore progressive changes in multiple-mode Lamb wave scattering due to the damage. The flat-bottom hole simulation results have been compared to experimental data and are shown to provide key insight for this well-defined experimental case by explaining unexpected results in experimental waveforms. For the rounded rectangle disbond flaw, which would be difficult to implement experimentally, we found that Lamb wave behavior differed significantly from the flat-bottom hole flaw. Most of the literature in this field is restricted to low frequency–thickness regions due to difficulties in interpreting data when multiple modes exist. We found that benchmarked 3D EFIT simulations can yield an understanding of scattering behavior for these higher frequency–thickness regions and in cases that would be difficult to set up experimentally. Additionally, our results show that 2D simulations would not have been sufficient for modeling the complicated scattering that occurred. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ultrasonics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMB waves
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - FINITE fields (Algebra)
KW  - THREE-dimensional display systems
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - Lamb waves
KW  - Nondestructive evaluation
KW  - Simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 67322120; Leckey, Cara A.C. 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov Rogge, Matthew D. 1 Miller, Corey A. 2 Hinders, Mark K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p193; Subject Term: LAMB waves; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FINITE fields (Algebra); Subject Term: THREE-dimensional display systems; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lamb waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nondestructive evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultras.2011.08.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=67322120&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Archidiácono, Maria
AU  - De Bernardis, Francesco
AU  - Cooray, Asantha
AU  - Melchiorri, Alessandro
AU  - Amblard, Alexandre
AU  - Pagano, Luca
AU  - Serra, Paolo
T1  - Amplitudes of thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich signals from small-scale CMB anisotropics.
JO  - Physical Review D: Particles, Fields, Gravitation & Cosmology
JF  - Physical Review D: Particles, Fields, Gravitation & Cosmology
Y1  - 2012/02/03/
VL  - 85
IS  - 4-A
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 15507998
AB  - While the arcminute-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropics are due to secondary effects, point sources dominate the total anisotropy power spectrum. At high frequencies the point sources are primarily in the form of dusty, star-forming galaxies. Both Herschel and Planck have recently measured the anisotropy power spectrum of cosmic infrared background (CIB) generated by dusty, star-forming galaxies from degree to subarcminute angular scales, including the nonlinear clustering of these galaxies at multipoles of 3000 to 6000 relevant to CMB secondary anisotropy studies. We scale the CIB angular power spectra to CMB frequencies and interpret the combined WMAP-7 year and arcminute-scale Ataeama Cosmology Telescope and South Pole Telescope CMB power spectra measurements to constrain the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects. Allowing the CIB clustering amplitude to vary, we constrain the amplitudes of thermal and kinetic SZ power spectra at 150 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review D: Particles, Fields, Gravitation & Cosmology is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC background radiation
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
N1  - Accession Number: 74077661; Archidiácono, Maria 1 De Bernardis, Francesco 2 Cooray, Asantha 2 Melchiorri, Alessandro 1 Amblard, Alexandre 3 Pagano, Luca 1 Serra, Paolo 3; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department and INFN, Vniversita di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Rome, Italy  2: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA  3: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 85 Issue 4-A, p1; Subject Term: COSMIC background radiation; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevD.85.043015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Rogers, Leslie A.
AU  - Ballard, Sarah
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Désert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Dressing, Courtney D.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Gautier III, Thomas N.
AU  - Henze, Christopher E.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Howard, Andrew
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
T1  - Two Earth-sized planets orbiting Kepler-20.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/02/09/
VL  - 482
IS  - 7384
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 198
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Since the discovery of the first extrasolar giant planets around Sun-like stars, evolving observational capabilities have brought us closer to the detection of true Earth analogues. The size of an exoplanet can be determined when it periodically passes in front of (transits) its parent star, causing a decrease in starlight proportional to its radius. The smallest exoplanet hitherto discovered has a radius 1.42 times that of the Earth's radius (R?), and hence has 2.9 times its volume. Here we report the discovery of two planets, one Earth-sized (1.03R?) and the other smaller than the Earth (0.87R?), orbiting the star Kepler-20, which is already known to host three other, larger, transiting planets. The gravitational pull of the new planets on the parent star is too small to measure with current instrumentation. We apply a statistical method to show that the likelihood of the planetary interpretation of the transit signals is more than three orders of magnitude larger than that of the alternative hypothesis that the signals result from an eclipsing binary star. Theoretical considerations imply that these planets are rocky, with a composition of iron and silicate. The outer planet could have developed a thick water vapour atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - OUTER planets
KW  - BINARY stars
N1  - Accession Number: 71519940; Fressin, Francois 1 Torres, Guillermo 1 Rowe, Jason F. 2 Charbonneau, David 1 Rogers, Leslie A. 3 Ballard, Sarah 1 Batalha, Natalie M. 4 Borucki, William J. 2 Bryson, Stephen T. 2 Buchhave, Lars A. 5 Ciardi, David R. 6 Désert, Jean-Michel 1 Dressing, Courtney D. 1 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 7 Ford, Eric B. 8 Gautier III, Thomas N. 9 Henze, Christopher E. 2 Holman, Matthew J. 1 Howard, Andrew 10 Howell, Steve B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA  5: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Center for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark  6: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  7: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA  8: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32111, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  10: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; Source Info: 2/9/2012, Vol. 482 Issue 7384, p195; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature10780
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71519940&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mao, Zugang
AU  - Booth-Morrison, Christopher
AU  - Sudbrack, Chantal K.
AU  - Martin, Georges
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Kinetic pathways for phase separation: An atomic-scale study in Ni–Al–Cr alloys
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2012/02/15/
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1871
EP  - 1888
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The kinetic pathways involved in the formation of γ′(L12 structure)-precipitates during aging of concentrated Ni–Al–Cr alloys at 873K, for three distinct alloy compositions, are studied experimentally by atom probe tomography, and computationally with lattice kinetic Monte Carlo (LKMC) simulations using parameters deduced from first-principles calculations of cohesive energies, and from experimental diffusion data. It is found that the compositional evolution of the γ′-precipitate phase does not follow the predictions of a classical mean-field model for coarsening of precipitates in ternary alloys. LKMC simulations reveal that long-range vacancy–solute binding plays a key role during the early stages of γ′-precipitation. With the aid of Monte Carlo techniques using the parameters employed in the LKMC simulations, we compute the diffusion matrix in the terminal solid-solutions and demonstrate that key features of the observed kinetic pathways are the result of kinetic couplings among the diffusional fluxes. The latter are controlled by the long-range vacancy–solute binding energies. It is concluded that, because it neglects flux couplings, the classical mean-field approach to phase separation for a ternary alloy, despite its many qualitatively correct predictions, fails to describe quantitatively the true kinetic pathways that lead to phase separation in concentrated metallic alloys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - TERNARY alloys
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - OSTWALD ripening
KW  - Atom probe tomography
KW  - Kinetic pathways
KW  - Lattice kinetic Monte Carlo
KW  - Nanostructures
KW  - Nickel-based superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 71952002; Mao, Zugang 1 Booth-Morrison, Christopher 1 Sudbrack, Chantal K. 1,2 Martin, Georges 1,3 Seidman, David N. 1,4; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA  2: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M/S 49-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique, Cabinet du Haut Commissaire, Bâtiment Siège, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France  4: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p1871; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TERNARY alloys; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: OSTWALD ripening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetic pathways; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lattice kinetic Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel-based superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.046
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71952002&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, Z.W.
AU  - Adams, J.H.
AU  - Barghouty, A.F.
AU  - Randeniya, S.D.
AU  - Tripathi, R.K.
AU  - Watts, J.W.
AU  - Yepes, P.P.
T1  - Comparisons of several transport models in their predictions in typical space radiation environments
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2012/02/15/
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 797
EP  - 806
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: We have used several transport codes to calculate dose and dose equivalent values as well as the particle spectra behind a slab or inside a spherical shell shielding in typical space radiation environments. Two deterministic codes, HZETRN and UPROP, and two Monte Carlo codes, FLUKA and Geant4, are included. A soft solar particle event, a hard solar particle event, and a solar minimum galactic cosmic rays environment are considered; and the shielding material is either aluminum or polyethylene. We find that the dose values and particle spectra from HZETRN are in general rather consistent with Geant4 except for neutrons. The dose equivalent values from HZETRN and Geant4 are not far from each other, but the HZETRN values behind shielding are often lower than the Geant4 values. Results from FLUKA and Geant4 are mostly consistent for considered cases. However, results from the legacy code UPROP are often quite different from the other transport codes, partly due to its non-consideration of neutrons. Comparisons for the spherical shell geometry exhibit the same qualitative features as for the slab geometry. In addition, results from both deterministic and Monte Carlo transport codes show that the dose equivalent inside the spherical shell decreases from the center to the inner surface and this decrease is large for solar particle events; consistent with an earlier study based on deterministic radiation transport results. This study demonstrates both the consistency and inconsistency among these transport models in their typical space radiation predictions; further studies will be required to pinpoint the exact physics modules in these models that cause the differences and thus may be improved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIPLE comparisons (Statistics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - POLYETHYLENE
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Radiation shielding
KW  - Solar particle events
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - Transport code
N1  - Accession Number: 70966879; Lin, Z.W. 1; Email Address: linz@ecu.edu Adams, J.H. 2; Email Address: James.h.adams@nasa.gov Barghouty, A.F. 2; Email Address: Abdulnasser.F.Barghouty@nasa.gov Randeniya, S.D. 3; Email Address: kdrandeniya@mdanderson.org Tripathi, R.K. 4; Email Address: Ram.K.Tripathi@nasa.gov Watts, J.W. 2,5; Email Address: johnwwattsjr@comcast.net Yepes, P.P. 6; Email Address: yepes@rice.edu; Affiliation:  1: C-209 Howell Science Complex, Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, United States  2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35805, United States  3: University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  5: University of Alabama-Huntsville, CSPAR, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805-1012, United States  6: Department of Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p797; Subject Term: MULTIPLE comparisons (Statistics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar particle events; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport code; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.11.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70966879&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nessel, James A.
AU  - Acosta, Roberto J.
T1  - Predicting Sparse Array Performance From Two-Element Interferometer Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2012/02/15/Feb2012 Part 2 Part 2
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 886
EP  - 894
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Widely distributed (sparse) ground-based antenna arrays are being considered for deep space communications applications with the development of the proposed Next Generation Deep Space Network. However, atmospheric-induced phase fluctuations can impose daunting restrictions on the performance of such an array, particularly during transmit and particularly at Ka-band frequencies, which have yet to be successfully resolved. In this paper, an analysis of the uncompensated performance of a sparse antenna array, in terms of its directivity and pattern degradation, is performed utilizing real data. The theoretical derivation for array directivity degradation is validated with interferometric measurements (for a 2-element array) recorded at Goldstone, CA, from May 2007—May 2008. With the validity of the model established, an arbitrary 27-element array geometry is defined at Goldstone, CA, to ascertain its theoretical performance in the presence of phase fluctuations based on the measured data. Therein, a procedure in which array directivity performance can be determined based on site-specific interferometric measurements is established. It is concluded that a combination of compact array geometry and atmospheric compensation is necessary to minimize array loss impact for deep space communications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Radio antennas
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Deep Space Network
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Antenna arrays
KW  - Antenna measurements
KW  - Arrays
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Fluctuations
KW  - Phase measurement
KW  - phase noise
KW  - propagation measurements
KW  - sparse array antennas
N1  - Accession Number: 71539988; Nessel, James A. 1 Acosta, Roberto J. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Feb2012 Part 2 Part 2, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p886; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Radio antennas; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Deep Space Network; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluctuations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: phase noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: propagation measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: sparse array antennas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2011.2173110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kokkila, Sara I.
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - A group increment scheme for infrared absorption intensities of greenhouse gases
JO  - Journal of Molecular Structure
JF  - Journal of Molecular Structure
Y1  - 2012/02/15/
VL  - 1009
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 95
SN  - 00222860
AB  - Abstract: A molecule’s absorption in the atmospheric infrared (IR) window (IRW) is an indicator of its efficiency as a greenhouse gas. A model for estimating the absorption of a fluorinated molecule within the IRW was developed to assess its radiative impact. This model will be useful in comparing different hydrofluorocarbons and hydrofluoroethers contribution to global warming. The absorption of radiation by greenhouse gases, in particular hydrofluoroethers and hydrofluorocarbons, was investigated using ab initio quantum mechanical methods. Least squares regression techniques were used to create a model based on this data. The placement and number of fluorines in the molecule were found to affect the absorption in the IR window and were incorporated into the model. Several group increment models are discussed. An additive model based on one-carbon groups is found to work satisfactorily in predicting the ab initio calculated vibrational intensities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Structure is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED absorption
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - INDICATORS & test-papers
KW  - HYDROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - HYDROFLUOROETHERS
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - FLUORINE
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - ab initio calculations
KW  - Additivity models
KW  - Global warming molecules
KW  - Hydrofluorocarbons
KW  - Hydrofluoroethers
KW  - IR intensities
N1  - Accession Number: 71511977; Kokkila, Sara I. 1 Bera, Partha P. 2 Francisco, Joseph S. 3,4 Lee, Timothy J. 2; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: College of Saint Benedict and Saint John’s University, Saint Joseph, MN 56374, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, United States  3: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States  4: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 1009, p89; Subject Term: INFRARED absorption; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: INDICATORS & test-papers; Subject Term: HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: HYDROFLUOROETHERS; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: FLUORINE; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: ab initio calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Additivity models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global warming molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrofluorocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrofluoroethers; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR intensities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.11.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Quinn, Samuel N.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Metcalfe, Travis S.
AU  - F. G. Monteiro, Mario J. P.
AU  - Appourchaux, Thierry
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Creevey, Orlagh L.
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald L.
AU  - Quirion, Pierre-Olivier
AU  - Stello, Denis
AU  - Kjeldsen, Hans
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jörgen
AU  - Elsworth, Yvonne
AU  - García, Rafael A.
T1  - KEPLER-21b: A 1.6 R,Earth PLANET TRANSITING THE BRIGHT OSCILLATING F SUBGIANT STAR HD 179070.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/02/20/
VL  - 746
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Kepler observations of the bright (V = 8.3), oscillating star HD 179070. The observations show transit-like events which reveal that the star is orbited every 2.8 days by a small, 1.6 REarth object. Seismic studies of HD 179070 using short cadence Kepler observations show that HD 179070 has a frequency-power spectrum consistent with solar-like oscillations that are acoustic p-modes. Asteroseismic analysis provides robust values for the mass and radius of HD 179070, 1.34 ± 0.06 Mʘ and 1.86 ± 0.04 Rʘ, respectively, as well as yielding an age of 2.84 ± 0.34 Gyr for this F5 subgiant. Together with ground-based follow-up observations, analysis of the Kepler light curves and image data, and blend scenario models, we conservatively show at the >99.7% confidence level (3σ) that the transit event is caused by a 1.64 ± 0.04 REarth exoplanet in a 2.785755 ± 0.000032 day orbit. The exoplanet is only 0.04 AU away from the star and our spectroscopic observations provide an upper limit to its mass of ~10 MEarth (2σ). HD 179070 is the brightest exoplanet host star yet discovered by Kepler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - individual (HD 179070: KIC 3632418) - stars
KW  - interiors - stars
KW  - late-type - stars
KW  - magnetic field - stars
KW  - oscillations (including pulsations) - techniques
KW  - photometric
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: activity - stars
N1  - Accession Number: 74740000; Howell, Steve B. 1,2,3 Rowe, Jason F. 2,3,4 Bryson, Stephen T. 2 Quinn, Samuel N. 5 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 6 Isaacson, Howard 6 Ciardi, David R. 7 Chaplin, William J. 8 Metcalfe, Travis S. 9 F. G. Monteiro, Mario J. P. 10 Appourchaux, Thierry 11 Basu, Sarbani 12 Creevey, Orlagh L. 13,14 Gilliland, Ronald L. 15 Quirion, Pierre-Olivier 16 Stello, Denis 17 Kjeldsen, Hans 18 Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jörgen 18 Elsworth, Yvonne 8 García, Rafael A. 19; Affiliation:  1: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA)  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  7: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Catch, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  9: High Altitude Observatory and Scientific Computing Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  10: Centro de Astroffsica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  11: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris XI-CNRS (UMR8617), Batiment 121, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  12: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  13: Departamento de Astroffsica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  14: Instituto de Astroffsica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  15: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  16: Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Boulevard de I'Arroport, Saint-Hubert, QC, J3Y 8Y9, Canada  17: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  18: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  19: Laboratoire AIM., CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot-lRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 746 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: individual (HD 179070: KIC 3632418) - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: interiors - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: late-type - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic field - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: oscillations (including pulsations) - techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: photometric; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: activity - stars; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/123
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74740000&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Melvyn
AU  - Jun-Hui Zhao
AU  - Sandell, Goran
AU  - Corder, Stuartt
AU  - Goss, W. M.
AU  - Lei Zhu
T1  - OBSERVATIONS OF A HIGH-MASS PROTOSTAR IN NGC 7538 S.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/02/20/
VL  - 746
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present high angular resolution continuum observations of the high-mass protostar NGC 7538 S with BIMA and CARMA at 3 and 1.4 mm, Very Large Array (VLA) observations at 1.3, 2, 3.5, and 6 cm, and archive Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations from the Spitzer Space Observatory, which detect the star at 4.5, 5.8, and 8 μm. The star looks rather unremarkable in the mid-IR. The excellent positional agreement of the IRAC source with the VLA tree-free emission, the OH, CH3OH, H20 masers, and the dust continuum confirms that this is the most luminous object in the NGC 7538 S core. The continuum emission at millimeter wavelengths is dominated by dust emission from the dense cold cloud core surrounding the protostar. Including all array configurations, the emission is dominated by an elliptical source with a size of ~8" x 3". If we filter out the extended emission we find three compact millimeter sources inside the elliptical core. The strongest one, SA, coincides with the VLA/IRAC source and resolves into a double source at 1.4 mm, where we have subarcsecond resolution. The measured spectral index, α, between 3 and 1.4 mm is ~2.3, and steeper at longer wavelengths, suggesting a low dust emissivity or that the dust is optically thick. We argue that the dust in these accretion disks is optically thick and estimate a mass of an accretion disk or infalling envelope surrounding SA to be ~60 Mʘ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOSTARS
KW  - VERY large array telescopes
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - circumstellar matter - ISM
KW  - clouds - stars
KW  - formation - stars
KW  - ISM
KW  - pre-main sequence - submillimeter
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 74740063; Wright, Melvyn 1 Jun-Hui Zhao 2 Sandell, Goran 3 Corder, Stuartt 4 Goss, W. M. 5 Lei Zhu 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, SOFIA-USRA, Mail Stop 211-3, Building N211, Rm. 249, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  4: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  5: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, RO. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  7: Predoctoral Fellow, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory,; Source Info: Feb2012, Vol. 746 Issue 2, Special section p1; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Subject Term: VERY large array telescopes; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter - ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: clouds - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: formation - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: pre-main sequence - submillimeter; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637x/746/2/187
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74740063&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valdivia-Silva, Julio E.
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - Rosa, José de la
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Decomposition of sodium formate and L- and D-alanine in the Pampas de La Joya soils: Implications as a new geochemical analogue to Martian regolith
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 821
EP  - 833
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The organic compounds on the Martian surface are still undetectable by the previous Viking mission that has been sent to Mars even though they are expected to be there by exogenous and/or endogenous synthesis. The high abiotic reactivity has been the most acceptable explanation for the apparently absence of organic matter in the regolith. Earth soils that have geochemical properties similar to those expected on the surface of Mars could help to decipher this question on the surface and shallow subsurface of the Red Planet. This work aims to demonstrate that the place known as the Pampas de La Joya desert in southern Peru, contains soils that have nonbiological chemical decomposition mechanisms of organic compounds under conditions of the Viking Labeled Release Experiment (LRx). We compare the organic decomposition kinetics of these hyper-arid soils with those seen in samples from arid and semiarid regions of the Atacama Desert, and data obtained by Viking LRx in the Martian regolith. 13Carbon-labeled organic compounds (sodium formate, D-, and L-alanine) were added in aqueous solution to different soil samples in order to analyze the evolved carbon dioxide (13CO2) generated during their degradation. As expected, there were significant differences in the evolved gas behavior between soil samples under similar experimental conditions. When sodium formate was added to hyper-arid samples, there was a peak of 13CO2 gas released demonstrating high oxidation activity in the soil. Heat treatment of soil samples did not completely eliminate the CO2 production. An increase in the decomposition rates ∼7days after the first addition of organics showed a response consistent with biological activity. The addition of D- and L-alanine demonstrated that the production of 13CO2 due to biological decomposition began 5–8days after incubation. Our results suggest that these soils from Pampas de La Joya present at least two types of oxidants, a thermostable one which is highly oxidative and survives heat-treatment, and other thermolabile oxidant which has light or moderate oxidizing activity and does not survives to the heat-treatment. So far the nature of oxidant(s) present in these soils is still unknown. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - ALANINE
KW  - SODIUM compounds
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SOILS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Abiotic oxidation
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Labeled Release Experiment
KW  - Mars-like soils
KW  - Pampas de La Joya
N1  - Accession Number: 71693179; Valdivia-Silva, Julio E. 1,2; Email Address: julio.e.valdiviasilva@nasa.gov Navarro-González, Rafael 1; Email Address: navarrog@nucleares.unam.mx Rosa, José de la 1; Email Address: jevs1612@yahoo.com McKay, Christopher P. 2; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D.F. 04510 México, Mexico  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p821; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: ALANINE; Subject Term: SODIUM compounds; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Abiotic oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Labeled Release Experiment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars-like soils; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pampas de La Joya; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212391 Potash, Soda, and Borate Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.12.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nishino, Takafumi
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - Effect of Jet Nozzle Lip Momentum Loss on Circulation Control Airfoil Performance.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 551
EP  - 558
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Large eddy simulations of flow around a circulation control airfoil (using a Coanda jet blowing over its trailing surface) are performed to investigate the influence of jet nozzle lip thickness on airfoil performance. The airfoil geometry is only slightly changed from the authors' previous large eddy simulation study (Nishino, T., Hahn, S., and Shariff, K., "Large-Eddy Simulations of a Turbulent Coanda Jet on a Circulation Control Airfoil," Physics of Fluids, Vol. 22, No. 12, 2010. d0i:10.1063/1.3526757) to study three different nozzle lip thickness cases; the geometry inside the nozzle is maintained as the same. The results show that the jet profile across the nozzle exit is insensitive to the nozzle lip thickness; however, the jet flow downstream of the nozzle exit decelerates more rapidly, and thus the circulation around the airfoil decreases as the nozzle lip thickness increases. It is subsequently shown that this effect is mostly cancelled out by adjusting the jet blowing rate in such a way that the difference of momentum loss arising from the nozzle lip is taken into account, demonstrating that the performance of a Coanda jet on a circulation control airfoil is determined not only by the jet momentum at the nozzle exit but also by the momentum loss behind the nozzle lip. These results suggest that it may be useful to define a new jet momentum coefficient that takes account of the momentum loss due to the nozzle lip, which can be roughly estimated once the velocity of the flow above the nozzle lip is known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET nozzles
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Ramjet engines -- Nozzles
KW  - COANDA effect
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Performance
N1  - Accession Number: 73211121; Nishino, Takafumi 1,2 Shariff, Karim 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Member AIAA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p551; Subject Term: JET nozzles; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Ramjet engines -- Nozzles; Subject Term: COANDA effect; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Performance; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051196
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73211121&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balla, R. Jeffrey
AU  - Everhart, Joel L.
T1  - Rayleigh Scattering Density Measurements, Cluster Theory, and Nucleation Calculations at Mach 10.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 698
EP  - 707
SN  - 00011452
AB  - In an exploratory investigation, quantitative unclustered laser Rayleigh scattering measurements of density were performed in the air in the NASA Langley Research Center's 31 in. Mach 10 wind tunnel. A review of 20 previous years of data in supersonic and Mach 6 hypersonic flows is presented where clustered signals typically overwhelmed molecular signals. A review of nucleation theory and accompanying nucleation calculations are also provided to interpret the current observed lack of clustering. Data were acquired at a fixed stagnation temperature near 990 K at five stagnation pressures spanning 2.41 to 10.0 MPa (350 to 1454 psi) using a pulsed argon fluoride excimer laser and double-intensified charge-coupled device camera. Data averaged over 371 images and 210 pixels along a 36.7 mm line measured freestream densities that agree with computed isentropic-expansion densities to less than 2 % and less than 6% at the highest and lowest densities, respectively. Cluster-free Mach 10 results are compared with previous clustered Mach 6 and condensation-free Mach 14 results. Evidence is presented indicating vibrationally excited oxygen and nitrogen molecules are absorbed as the clusters form, release their excess energy, and inhibit or possibly reverse the clustering process. Implications for delaying clustering and condensation onset in hypersonic and hypervelocity facilities are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - STAGNATION flow
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 73211134; Balla, R. Jeffrey 1,2; Email Address: robert.j.balla@nasa.gov Everhart, Joel L. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p698; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: CLUSTER theory (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: STAGNATION flow; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051334
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, H.D.
AU  - Duncan, A.G.
AU  - Neary, P.L.
AU  - Lloyd, C.R.
AU  - Anderson, A.J.
AU  - Sims, R.C.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - In Situ Microbial Detection in Mojave Desert Soil Using Native Fluorescence.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 247
EP  - 257
SN  - 15311074
AB  - We report on the use of a portable instrument for microbial detection in the Mojave Desert soil and the potential for its use on Mars. The instrument is based on native fluorescence and employs four excitation wavelengths combined with four emission wavelengths. A soil dilution series in which known numbers of Bacillus subtilis spores were added to soil was used to determine the sensitivity of the instrument. We found that the fluorescence of the biological and organic components of the desert soil samples studied can be as strong as the fluorescence of the mineral component of these soils. Using the calibration derived from B. subtilis spores, we estimated that microbial content at our primary sampling site was 107 bacteria per gram of soil, a level confirmed by phospholipid fatty acid analysis. At a nearby site, but in a slightly different geological setting, we tested the instrument's ability to map out microbial concentrations in situ. Over a ∼50 m diameter circle, soil microbial concentrations determined with the B. subtilis calibration indicate that the concentrations of microorganisms detected varies from 104 to 107 cells per gram of soil. We conclude that fluorescence is a promising method for detecting soil microbes in noncontact applications in extreme environments on Earth and may have applications on future missions to Mars. Key words: Ultraviolet spectroscopy- Bacillus subtilis spores- In situ measurement-Mars-Life detection. Astrobiology 12, 247-257. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - SPOREFORMING bacteria
KW  - BACTERIAL spores
KW  - MOJAVE Desert
N1  - Accession Number: 90251796; Smith, H.D. 1 Duncan, A.G. 2 Neary, P.L. 2 Lloyd, C.R. 3 Anderson, A.J. 4 Sims, R.C. 1 McKay, C.P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.  2: Utah State University, National Center for the Design of Molecular Function (NCDMF), Logan, Utah.  3: MicroBioSystems, Logan, Utah.  4: Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, Utah.  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p247; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: SPOREFORMING bacteria; Subject Term: BACTERIAL spores; Subject Term: MOJAVE Desert; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2010.0549
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BERTA, ZACHORY K.
AU  - CHARBONNEAU, DAVID
AU  - DÉSERT, JEAN-MICHEL
AU  - KEMPTON, ELIZA MILLER-RICCI
AU  - MCCULLOUGH, PETER R.
AU  - BURKE, CHRISTOPHER J.
AU  - FORTNEY, JONATHAN J.
AU  - IRWIN, JONATHAN
AU  - NUTZMAN, PHILIP
AU  - HOMEIER, DEREK
T1  - THE FLAT TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM OF THE SUPER-EARTH GJ1214b FROM WIDE FIELD CAMERA 3 ON THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 747
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Capitalizing on the observational advantage offered by its tiny M dwarf host, we present Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) grism measurements of the transmission spectrum of the super-Earth exoplanet GJ1214b. These are the first published WFC3 observations of a transiting exoplanet atmosphere. After correcting for a ramp-like instrumental systematic,we achieve nearly photon-limited precision in these observations, finding the transmission spectrum of GJ1214b to be flat between 1.1 and 1.7μm. Inconsistent with a cloud-free solar composition atmosphere at 8.2σ, the measured achromatic transit depth most likely implies a large mean molecular weight for GJ1214b's outer envelope. A dense atmosphere rules out bulk compositions for GJ1214b that explain its large radius by the presence of a very low density gas layer surrounding the planet. High-altitude clouds can alternatively explain the flat transmission spectrum, but they would need to be optically thick up to 10 mbar or consist of particles with a range of sizes approaching 1μm in diameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - eclipses
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: individual (GJ1214b)
KW  - stars: low-mass
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 89936243; BERTA, ZACHORY K. 1; Email Address: zberta@cfa.harvard.edu CHARBONNEAU, DAVID 1 DÉSERT, JEAN-MICHEL 1 KEMPTON, ELIZA MILLER-RICCI 2 MCCULLOUGH, PETER R. 3,4 BURKE, CHRISTOPHER J. 5 FORTNEY, JONATHAN J. 2 IRWIN, JONATHAN 1 NUTZMAN, PHILIP 2 HOMEIER, DEREK 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon, UMR 5574, CNRS, Université de Lyon, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France  7: Institut für Astrophysik, George-August-Universität, 37077 Göttingen, Germany; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 747 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: eclipses; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual (GJ1214b); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/35
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - COWAN, NICOLAS B.
AU  - MACHALEK, PAVEL
AU  - CROLL, BRYCE
AU  - SHEKHTMAN, LOUIS M.
AU  - BURROWS, ADAM
AU  - DEMING, DRAKE
AU  - GREENE, TOM
AU  - HORA, JOSEPH L.
T1  - THERMAL PHASE VARIATIONS OF WASP-12b: DEFYING PREDICTIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 747
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report Warm Spitzer full-orbit phase observations of WASP-12b at 3.6 and 4.5 µm. This extremely inflated hot Jupiter is thought to be overflowing its Roche lobe, undergoing mass loss and accretion onto its host star, and has been claimed to have a C/O ratio in excess of unity. We are able to measure the transit depths, eclipse depths, thermal and ellipsoidal phase variations at both wavelengths. The large-amplitude phase variations, combined with the planet's previously measured dayside spectral energy distribution, are indicative of non-zero Bond albedo and very poor day--night heat redistribution. The transit depths in the mid-infrared--(Rp/R*)² = 0.0123(3) and 0.0111(3) at 3.6 and 4.5 µm, respectively--indicate that the atmospheric opacity is greater at 3.6 than at 4.5 µm, in disagreement with model predictions, irrespective of C/O ratio. The secondary eclipse depths are consistent with previous studies: Fday/F* = 0.0038(4) and 0.0039(3) at 3.6 and 4.5 µm, respectively. We do not detect ellipsoidal variations at 3.6 µm, but our parameter uncertainties--estimated via prayer-bead Monte Carlo--keep this non-detection consistent with model predictions. At 4.5 µm, on the other hand, we detect ellipsoidal variations that are much stronger than predicted. If interpreted as a geometric effect due to the planet's elongated shape, these variations imply a 3:2 ratio for the planet's longest:shortest axes and a relatively bright day-night terminator. If we instead presume that the 4.5 µm ellipsoidal variations are due to uncorrected systematic noise and we fix the amplitude of the variations to zero, the best-fit 4.5 µm transit depth becomes commensurate with the 3.6 µm depth, within the uncertainties. The relative transit depths are then consistent with a solar composition and short scale height at the terminator. Assuming zero ellipsoidal variations also yields a much deeper 4.5 µm eclipse depth, consistent with a solar composition and modest temperature inversion. We suggest future observations that could distinguish between these two scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - infrared: planetary systems
KW  - planet-star interactions
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: composition
KW  - planets and satellites: individual (WASP-12b)
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 89936295; COWAN, NICOLAS B. 1; Email Address: n-cowan@northwestern.edu MACHALEK, PAVEL 2,3 CROLL, BRYCE 4,5 SHEKHTMAN, LOUIS M. 1 BURROWS, ADAM 6 DEMING, DRAKE 7,8 GREENE, TOM 3 HORA, JOSEPH L. 9; Affiliation:  1: Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research, Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2131 Tech Dr, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 George St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada  5: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 05844, USA  7: Planetary Systems Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, CSS Bldg., Rm. 1204, Stadium Dr., College Park, MD 20742, USA  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 747 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet-star interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual (WASP-12b); Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/82
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - EKE, V. R.
AU  - TEODORO, L. F. A.
AU  - LAWRENCE, D. J.
AU  - ELPHIC, R. C.
AU  - FELDMAN, W. C.
T1  - A QUANTITATIVE COMPARISON OF LUNAR ORBITAL NEUTRON DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 747
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Data from the Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector (LEND) Collimated Sensors for Epithermal Neutrons (CSETN) are used in conjunction with a model based on results from the Lunar Prospector (LP) mission to quantify the extent of the background in the LEND CSETN. A simple likelihood analysis implies that at least 90% of the lunar component of the LEND CSETN flux results from high-energy epithermal (HEE) neutrons passing through the walls of the collimator. Thus, the effective FWHM of the LEND CSETN field of view is comparable to that of the omni-directional LP Neutron Spectrometer. The resulting map of HEE neutrons offers the opportunity to probe the hydrogen abundance at low latitudes and to provide constraints on the distribution of lunar water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOON
KW  - MOON -- Observations
KW  - NEUTRONS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - Moon
KW  - LUNAR Prospector (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 89936270; EKE, V. R. 1; Email Address: v.r.eke@durham.ac.uk TEODORO, L. F. A. 2 LAWRENCE, D. J. 3 ELPHIC, R. C. 4 FELDMAN, W. C. 5; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK  2: BAER, Planetary Systems Branch, Space Sciences and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 747 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: MOON -- Observations; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Company/Entity: LUNAR Prospector (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PEETERS, ELS
AU  - TIELENS, ALEXANDER G. G. M.
AU  - ALLAMANDOLA, LOUIS J.
AU  - WOLFIRE, MARK G.
T1  - THE 15-20 μm EMISSION IN THE REFLECTION NEBULA NGC 2023.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 747
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present 15-20 μm spectralmaps toward the reflection nebula NGC 2023 obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph in short-wavelength, high-resolution mode on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. These spectra reveal emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), C60, and H2 superposed on a dust continuum. These emission components exhibit distinct spatial distributions: with increasing distance from the illuminating star, we observe the PAH emission followed by the dust continuum emission and the H2 emission. The C60 emission is located closest to the illuminating star in the south, while in the north it seems to be associated with the H/H2 transition. Emission from PAHs and PAH-related species produces features at 15.8, 16.4, 17.4, and 17.8 μm and the 15-18 μm plateau. These different PAH features show distinct spatial distributions. The 15.8 μm band and 15-18 μm plateau correlate with the 11.2 μm PAH band and with each other, and are attributed to large, neutral PAHs. Conversely, the 16.4 μm feature correlates with the 12.7 μm PAH band, suggesting that both arise from species that are favored by the same conditions that favor PAH cations. The PAH contribution to the 17.4μm band is displaced toward the illuminating star with respect to the 11.2 and 12.7 μm emission and is assigned to doubly ionized PAHs and/or a subset of cationic PAHs. The spatial distribution of the 17.8 μm band suggests that it arises from both neutral and cationic PAHs. In contrast to their intensities, the profiles of the PAH bands and the 15-18 μm plateau do not vary spatially. Consequently, we conclude that the carrier of the 15-18 μm plateau is distinct from that of the PAH bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics)
KW  - MILKY Way
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - ISM: lines and bands
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - line: identification
KW  - molecular data
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 89936253; PEETERS, ELS 1,2; Email Address: epeeters@uwo.ca TIELENS, ALEXANDER G. G. M. 3; Email Address: tielens@strw.leidenuniv.nl ALLAMANDOLA, LOUIS J. 4; Email Address: Louis.J.Allamandola@nasa.gov WOLFIRE, MARK G. 5; Email Address: mwolfire@astro.umd.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands  4: NASA-Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 747 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics); Subject Term: MILKY Way; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: lines and bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: line: identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular data; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/44
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89936253&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RAWLE, T. D.
AU  - EDGE, A. C.
AU  - EGAMI, E.
AU  - REX, M.
AU  - SMITH, G. P.
AU  - ALTIERI, B.
AU  - FIEDLER, A.
AU  - HAINES, C. P.
AU  - PEREIRA, M. J.
AU  - PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ, P. G.
AU  - PORTOUW, J.
AU  - VALTCHANOV, I.
AU  - WALTH, G.
AU  - VAN DER WERF, P. P.
AU  - ZEMCOV, M.
T1  - THE RELATION BETWEEN COOL CLUSTER CORES AND HERSCHEL-DETECTED STAR FORMATION IN BRIGHTEST CLUSTER GALAXIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 747
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present far-infrared (FIR) analysis of 68 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) at 0.08 < z < 1.0. Deriving total infrared luminosities directly from Spitzer and Herschel photometry spanning the peak of the dust component (24-500μm), we calculate the obscured star formation rate (SFR). 22-5.3+6.2% of the BCGs are detected in the far-infrared, with SFR = 1-150 M ⊙ yr-1. The infrared luminosity is highly correlated with cluster X-ray gas cooling times for cool-core clusters (gas cooling time <1 Gyr), strongly suggesting that the star formation in these BCGs is influenced by the cluster-scale cooling process. The occurrence of the molecular gas tracing Hα emission is also correlated with obscured star formation. For all but the most luminous BCGs (LTIR > 2 x 1011 L ⊙), only a small (≾ 0.4 mag) reddening correction is required for SFR(Hα) to agree with SFRFIR. The relatively low Hα extinction (dust obscuration), compared to values reported for the general star-forming population, lends further weight to an alternate (external) origin for the cold gas. Finally, we use a stacking analysis of non-cool-core clusters to show that the majority of the fuel for star formation in the FIR-bright BCGs is unlikely to originate from normal stellar mass loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - X-ray emission spectroscopy
KW  - cD
KW  - galaxies: clusters general
KW  - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular
KW  - galaxies: star formation
KW  - infrared: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 89936236; RAWLE, T. D. 1; Email Address: trawle@as.arizona.edu EDGE, A. C. 2 EGAMI, E. 1 REX, M. SMITH, G. P. 3 ALTIERI, B. 4 FIEDLER, A. 1 HAINES, C. P. 1,3 PEREIRA, M. J. 1 PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ, P. G. 5,6 PORTOUW, J. 1 VALTCHANOV, I. 4 WALTH, G. 1 VAN DER WERF, P. P. 7 ZEMCOV, M. 8,9; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  4: Herschel Science Centre, ESAC, ESA, P.O. Box 78, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain  5: Departamento de Astrofísica, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain  6: Associate Astronomer, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, AZ, USA  7: Sterrewacht Leiden, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA, Leiden, Netherlands  8: Department of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 747 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: X-ray emission spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: cD; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: clusters general; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: star formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/747/1/29
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ren, X.
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Cantrell, C. A.
AU  - Mauldin, lll, R. L.
AU  - Hornbrook, R. S.
AU  - Kosciuch, E.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Singh, H. B.
T1  - Airborne intercomparison of HOx measurements using laser-induced fluorescence and chemical ionization mass spectrometry during ARCTAS.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2529
EP  - 2565
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article discusses a study which presents a formal intercomparison of hydroperoxyl radical (HOx) measurements with the use of laser-induced fluorescence and chemical ionization mass spectrometry during the ARCTAS campaign. ARCTAS is defined as the Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites. The three different instruments aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the ARCTAS campaign are provided.
KW  - SUPEROXIDES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 76592969; Ren, X. 1; Email Address: xinrong.ren@noaa.gov Mao, J. 2 Brune, W. H. 3 Cantrell, C. A. 4 Mauldin, lll, R. L. 5 Hornbrook, R. S. 4 Kosciuch, E. 4 Olson, J. R. 6 Crawford, J. H. 6 Chen, G. 6 Singh, H. B. 7; Affiliation:  1: Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA  2: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA  3: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA  4: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA  5: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  6: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  7: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p2529; Subject Term: SUPEROXIDES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 37p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-5-2529-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76592969&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, J. R.
AU  - Tackett, J. L.
AU  - Reid, J. S.
AU  - Zhang, J.
AU  - Curtis, C. A.
AU  - Hyer, E. J.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Westphal, D. L.
AU  - Prospero, J. M.
AU  - Welton, E. J.
AU  - Omar, A. H.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Evaluating nighttime CALIOP 0.532 μm aerosol optical depth and extinction coefficient retrievals.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2747
EP  - 2794
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article focuses on the evaluation of NASA Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) Version 3.01 5-km nighttime 0.532 micrometer aerosol optical depth (AOD) datasets from 2007. It discusses the use of the U.S. Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System (NAAPS). NAAPS features two-dimensional variational assimilation of quality-assured NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) AOD.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETERS
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 76592975; Campbell, J. R. 1; Email Address: james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil Tackett, J. L. 2 Reid, J. S. 3 Zhang, J. 1 Curtis, C. A. 1 Hyer, E. J. 4 Vaughan, M. A. 1 Westphal, D. L. 5 Prospero, J. M. 6 Welton, E. J. 7 Omar, A. H. 7 Winker, D. M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Aerosol and Radiation Sciences Section, Marine Meteorology Division,Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA  2: Science Systems Applications Inc., c/o NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Roads, VA, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Folks, ND, USA  4: Computer Sciences Corporation, c/o Aerosol and Radiation Sciences Section,Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA  5: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Roads, VA, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p2747; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 48p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 4 Graphs, 6 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-5-2747-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, Jack R.
AU  - Boles, John A.
AU  - Baurle, Robert A.
T1  - Large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of a supersonic reacting wall jet
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 159
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1127
EP  - 1138
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: This work presents results from large-eddy/Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (LES/RANS) simulations of the well-known Burrows–Kurkov supersonic reacting wall-jet experiment. Generally good agreement with experimental mole fraction, stagnation temperature, and Pitot pressure profiles is obtained for non-reactive mixing of the hydrogen jet with a non-vitiated air stream. A lifted flame, stabilized between 15 and 20cm downstream of the hydrogen jet, is formed for hydrogen injected into a vitiated air stream. Flame stabilization occurs closer to the hydrogen injection location when a three-dimensional combustor geometry (with boundary layer development resolved on all walls) is considered. Volumetric expansion of the reactive shear layer is accompanied by the formation of large eddies which interact strongly with the reaction zone. Time averaged predictions of the reaction zone structure show an under-prediction of the peak water concentration and stagnation temperature, relative to experimental data, but display generally good agreement with the extent of the reaction zone. Reactive scalar scatter plots indicate that the flame exhibits a transition from a partially-premixed flame structure, characterized by intermittent heat release, to a diffusion-flame structure that could probably be described by a strained laminar flamelet model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - EDDIES
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - Large-eddy simulation
KW  - Supersonic combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 70948683; Edwards, Jack R. 1; Email Address: jredward@ncsu.edu Boles, John A. 2 Baurle, Robert A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Campus Box 7910, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States  2: Taitech Inc., Blsdg. 18-D, Room 235, WPAFB, OH 45433, United States  3: Hypersonic Air-Breathing Propulsion Branch, Mail Stop 168, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 159 Issue 3, p1127; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: EDDIES; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large-eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic combustion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.10.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70948683&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, Jason
AU  - Lemke, Lawrence
AU  - Foch, Rick
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Beyer, Ross
AU  - Radebaugh, Jani
AU  - Atkinson, David
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph
AU  - Le Mouélic, Stéphane
AU  - Rodriguez, Sebastien
AU  - Gundlach, Jay
AU  - Giannini, Francesco
AU  - Bain, Sean
AU  - Flasar, F.
AU  - Hurford, Terry
AU  - Anderson, Carrie
AU  - Merrison, Jon
AU  - Ádámkovics, Máté
AU  - Kattenhorn, Simon
AU  - Mitchell, Jonathan
T1  - AVIATR-Aerial Vehicle for In-situ and Airborne Titan Reconnaissance.
JO  - Experimental Astronomy
JF  - Experimental Astronomy
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 33
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 127
SN  - 09226435
AB  - We describe a mission concept for a stand-alone Titan airplane mission: Aerial Vehicle for In-situ and Airborne Titan Reconnaissance (AVIATR). With independent delivery and direct-to-Earth communications, AVIATR could contribute to Titan science either alone or as part of a sustained Titan Exploration Program. As a focused mission, AVIATR as we have envisioned it would concentrate on the science that an airplane can do best: exploration of Titan's global diversity. We focus on surface geology/hydrology and lower-atmospheric structure and dynamics. With a carefully chosen set of seven instruments-2 near-IR cameras, 1 near-IR spectrometer, a RADAR altimeter, an atmospheric structure suite, a haze sensor, and a raindrop detector-AVIATR could accomplish a significant subset of the scientific objectives of the aerial element of flagship studies. The AVIATR spacecraft stack is composed of a Space Vehicle (SV) for cruise, an Entry Vehicle (EV) for entry and descent, and the Air Vehicle (AV) to fly in Titan's atmosphere. Using an Earth-Jupiter gravity assist trajectory delivers the spacecraft to Titan in 7.5 years, after which the AVIATR AV would operate for a 1-Earth-year nominal mission. We propose a novel 'gravity battery' climb-then-glide strategy to store energy for optimal use during telecommunications sessions. We would optimize our science by using the flexibility of the airplane platform, generating context data and stereo pairs by flying and banking the AV instead of using gimbaled cameras. AVIATR would climb up to 14 km altitude and descend down to 3.5 km altitude once per Earth day, allowing for repeated atmospheric structure and wind measurements all over the globe. An initial Team-X run at JPL priced the AVIATR mission at FY10 $715M based on the rules stipulated in the recent Discovery announcement of opportunity. Hence we find that a standalone Titan airplane mission can achieve important science building on Cassini's discoveries and can likely do so within a New Frontiers budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Astronomy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RECONNAISSANCE aircraft
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - Airplane
KW  - Mission concept
KW  - Titan
KW  - UAV
N1  - Accession Number: 72456799; Barnes, Jason 1; Email Address: jwbarnes@uidaho.edu Lemke, Lawrence 2 Foch, Rick 3 McKay, Christopher 2 Beyer, Ross Radebaugh, Jani 4 Atkinson, David 1 Lorenz, Ralph 5 Le Mouélic, Stéphane 6 Rodriguez, Sebastien 7 Gundlach, Jay 8 Giannini, Francesco 8 Bain, Sean 3 Flasar, F. 9 Hurford, Terry 10 Anderson, Carrie 10 Merrison, Jon 11 Ádámkovics, Máté 12 Kattenhorn, Simon 1 Mitchell, Jonathan 13; Affiliation:  1: University of Idaho, Moscow 83844-0903 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  3: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington USA  4: Brigham Young University, Provo USA  5: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Silver Spring USA  6: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique, CNRS, UMR6112, Université de Nantes, Nantes France  7: Université de Paris Diderot, Paris France  8: Aurora Flight Sciences, Manassas USA  9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt 20771 USA  10: NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt 20771 USA  11: Universitat Aarhus, Aarhus Denmark  12: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley USA  13: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 33 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: RECONNAISSANCE aircraft; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Airplane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission concept; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: UAV; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811213 Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 73p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10686-011-9275-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=72456799&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Khare, Bishun N.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Optical constants of Titan tholins at mid-infrared wavelengths (2.5–25μm) and the possible chemical nature of Titan’s haze particles
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 218
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 247
EP  - 261
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Complex organic materials may exist as haze layers in the atmosphere of Titan and as dark coloring agents on icy satellite surfaces. Laboratory measurements of optical constants of plausible complex organic materials are necessary for quantitative evaluation from remote sensing observations, and to document the existence of complex organic materials in the extraterrestrial environments. The recent Cassini VIMS and CIRS observations provide new constraints on Titan’s haze properties in the mid-infrared wavelength region. Here, we present the optical constants (2.5–25μm) of Titan tholins generated with cold plasma irradiation of a N2/CH4 (90/10) gas mixture at pressures of 0.26mbar, 1.6mbar, and 23mbar. Our new optical constants of three types of Titan tholins suggest that no single Titan tholin in this study fulfills all the observational constraints of the Titan haze material. The discrepancy remains a challenge for future modeling and laboratory efforts that aim toward a better understanding of Titan’s haze material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - OPTICAL constants
KW  - HAZE
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - LOW temperature plasmas
KW  - GAS mixtures
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 73191714; Imanaka, Hiroshi 1,2; Email Address: himanaka@lpl.arizona.edu Cruikshank, Dale P. 3 Khare, Bishun N. 2,4 McKay, Christopher P. 5; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210092, 1629 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States  2: SETI Institute, 189 North Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: NASA Ames Research Center. MS 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 218 Issue 1, p247; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: OPTICAL constants; Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: LOW temperature plasmas; Subject Term: GAS mixtures; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73191714&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cessateur, Gaël
AU  - Lilensten, Jean
AU  - Barthélémy, Mathieu
AU  - Dudok de Wit, Thierry
AU  - Simon Wedlund, Cyril
AU  - Gronoff, Guillaume
AU  - Ménager, Hélène
AU  - Kretzschmar, Matthieu
T1  - Photoabsorption in Ganymede’s atmosphere
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 218
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 308
EP  - 319
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: In the framework of future space missions to Ganymede, a pre-study of this satellite is a necessary step to constrain instrument performances according to the mission objectives. This work aims at characterizing the impact of the solar UV flux on Ganymede’s atmosphere and especially at deriving some key physical parameters that are measurable by an orbiter. Another objective is to test several models for reconstructing the solar flux in the Extreme-UV (EUV) in order to give recommendations for future space missions. Using a Beer–Lambert approach, we compute the primary production of excited and ionized states due to photoabsorption, neglecting the secondary production that is due to photoelectron impacts as well as to precipitated suprathermal electrons. Ions sputtered from the surface are also neglected. Computations are performed at the equator and close to the pole, in the same conditions as during the Galileo flyby. From the excitations, we compute the radiative relaxation leading to the atmospheric emissions. We also propose a simple chemical model to retrieve the stationary electron density. There are two main results: (i) the modelled electron density and the one measured by Galileo are in good agreement. The main atmospheric visible emission is the atomic oxygen red line at 630nm, both in equatorial and in polar conditions, in spite of the different atmospheric compositions. This emission is measurable from space, especially for limb viewing conditions. The OH emission (continuum between 260 and 410nm) is also probably measurable from space. (ii) The input EUV solar flux may be directly measured or reconstructed from only two passbands solar observing diodes with no degradation of the modelled response of the Ganymede’s atmosphere. With respect to these results, there are two main conclusions: (i) future missions to Ganymede should include the measurement of the red line as well as the measurement of OH emissions in order to constrain the atmospheric model. (ii) None of the common solar proxies satisfactorily describes the level of variability of the solar EUV irradiance. For future atmospheric planetary space missions, it would be more appropriate to derive the EUV flux from a small radiometer rather than from a full-fledged spectrometer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT absorption
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - PHOTOELECTRONS
KW  - RELAXATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - GANYMEDE (Satellite)
KW  - Jupiter, Satellites
KW  - Satellites, Atmospheres
KW  - Ultraviolet observations
N1  - Accession Number: 73191737; Cessateur, Gaël 1,2; Email Address: gael.cessateur@cnrs-orleans.fr Lilensten, Jean 2 Barthélémy, Mathieu 2 Dudok de Wit, Thierry 1 Simon Wedlund, Cyril 3 Gronoff, Guillaume 4 Ménager, Hélène 2 Kretzschmar, Matthieu 1,5; Affiliation:  1: LPC2E/CNRS, (UMR 6115) and University of Orléans, 3A avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans cedex 2, France  2: IPAG/CNRS, (UMR 5274) and University of Joseph Fourier, Bâtiment D de Physique, BP 53, 38041 Saint-Martin d’Hères cedex 9, France  3: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, BIRA-IASB, Brussels, Belgium  4: NASA, Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd., Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: ROB/SIDC, av. circulaire 3, Ringlaan, 1180 Brussels, Belgium; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 218 Issue 1, p308; Subject Term: LIGHT absorption; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRONS; Subject Term: RELAXATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: GANYMEDE (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter, Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet observations; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.11.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73191737&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermalyn, Brendan
AU  - Schultz, Peter H.
AU  - Shirley, Mark
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
T1  - Scouring the surface: Ejecta dynamics and the LCROSS impact event
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 218
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 654
EP  - 665
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite mission (LCROSS) impacted the moon in a permanently shadowed region of Cabeus crater on October 9th 2009, excavating material rich in water ice and volatiles. The thermal and spatial evolution of LCROSS ejecta is essential to interpretation of regolith properties and sources of released volatiles. The unique conditions of the impact, however, made analysis of the data based on canonical ejecta models impossible. Here we present the results of a series of impact experiments performed at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range designed to explore the LCROSS event using both high-speed cameras and LCROSS flight backup instruments. The LCROSS impact created a two-component ejecta plume: the usual inverted lampshade “low-angle” curtain, and a high speed, high-angle component. These separate components excavated to different depths in the regolith. Extrapolations from experiments match the visible data and the light curves in the spectrometers. The hollow geometry of the Centaur led to the formation of the high-angle plume, as was evident in the LCROSS visible and infrared measurements of the ejecta. Subsequent ballistic return of the sunlight-warmed ejecta curtain could scour the surface out to many crater radii, possibly liberating loosely bonded surface volatiles (e.g., H2). Thermal imaging reveals a complex, heterogeneous distribution of heated material after crater formation that is present but unresolved in LCROSS data. This material could potentially serve as an additional source of energy for volatile release. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - FORMATIONS (Geology)
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - Collisional physics
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Moon
KW  - Regoliths
N1  - Accession Number: 73191816; Hermalyn, Brendan 1; Email Address: brendan_hermalyn@brown.edu Schultz, Peter H. 1 Shirley, Mark 2 Ennico, Kimberly 2 Colaprete, Anthony 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Box 1846, Providence, RI 02912, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 218 Issue 1, p654; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: FORMATIONS (Geology); Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collisional physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.12.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73191816&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vahidinia, Sanaz
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Hedman, Matt
AU  - Draine, Bruce
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Roush, Ted
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - Nicholson, Philip D.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
T1  - Erratum to “Saturn’s F ring grains: Aggregates made of crystalline water ice” [Icarus 215 (2011) 682–694]
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 218
IS  - 1
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 736
EP  - 736
SN  - 00191035
N1  - Accession Number: 73191841; Vahidinia, Sanaz; Email Address: svahidinia@yahoo.com Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 1 Hedman, Matt 1 Draine, Bruce 1 Clark, Roger N. 1 Roush, Ted 1 Filacchione, Gianrico 1 Nicholson, Philip D. 1 Brown, Robert H. 1 Buratti, Bonnie 1 Sotin, Christophe 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Post Doctoral Program, Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, NASA Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 218 Issue 1, p736; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2011.04.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73191841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roberts, Anthony
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert
T1  - Implementing a Piezoelectric Transformer for a Ferroelectric Phase Shifter Circuit.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 134
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 110
SN  - 10584587
AB  - This paper describes the successful development of a piezoelectric transformer-based driver circuit used to bias a ferroelectric phase shifter. The proof-of-concept circuit achieves voltages in excess of 400 VDC and accomplishes 0 to 180 degrees of phase shift at Ka-band. The ferroelectric phase shifter is the fundamental component in a new type of scanning phased array, the ferroelectric reflectarray. The coplanar ferroelectric phase shifter requires only one control signal, currently generated by magnetic circuit components. However magnetic devices suffer from resistive and magnetic losses, and dimensional and economic costs. New phased array architecture, not reliant on magnetics, can be realized because the piezoelectric transformer allows a low level signal to be routed to each phase shifter and converted to the proper bias voltage levels at each phase shifter. This research explores the use of a piezoelectric transformer (PT) as the alternative enabling component in the voltage supply for a ferroelectric phase shifter utilizing piezoelectrics in an AC-DC converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC transformers
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - PHASE shifters
KW  - REFLECTARRAY antennas
KW  - MAGNETICS
KW  - MAGNETIC devices
KW  - Ferroelectric phase shifter
KW  - ferroelectricity
KW  - phased array antenna
KW  - piezoelectric transformer
KW  - piezoelectricity
N1  - Accession Number: 74466428; Roberts, Anthony 1 Romanofsky, Robert 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cleveland State University, USA  2: Antennas and Optical Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p102; Subject Term: ELECTRIC transformers; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: PHASE shifters; Subject Term: REFLECTARRAY antennas; Subject Term: MAGNETICS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectric phase shifter; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectricity; Author-Supplied Keyword: phased array antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectric transformer; Author-Supplied Keyword: piezoelectricity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335311 Power, Distribution, and Specialty Transformer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.665306
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74466428&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Characterization of a Common-Gate Amplifier Using Ferroelectric Transistors.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 134
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 121
EP  - 129
SN  - 10584587
AB  - In this paper, the empirical data collected through experiments performed using a ferroelectric transistor (FeFET) in the common-gate amplifier circuit is presented. The FeFET common-gate amplifier was characterized by varying all parameters in the circuit, such as load resistance, biasing of the transistor, and input voltages. Due to the polarization of the ferroelectric layer, the particular behavior of the FeFET common-gate amplifier presents interesting results. Furthermore, the differences between a FeFET common-gate amplifier and a MOSFET common-gate amplifier are examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC devices
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - DIELECTRIC polarization
KW  - DIELECTRIC amplifiers
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - common-gate amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
N1  - Accession Number: 74466430; Hunt, Mitchell 1 Sayyah, Rana 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Email Address: ho@ece.uah.edu; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 134 Issue 1, p121; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC polarization; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC amplifiers; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-gate amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.665308
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74466430&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Draper, S.L.
AU  - Isheim, D.
T1  - Environmental embrittlement of a third generation γ TiAl alloy
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 83
SN  - 09669795
AB  - Abstract: Exposure of a Ti-45Al-5Nb alloy to elevated temperatures has been shown to result in a loss of ductility resulting from a near surface effect involving diffusion of oxygen into the alloy. Local electrode atom probe analysis was conducted at 2, 13, and 25 μm distance from the oxide/base-metal interface. Oxygen was preferentially located in the α2 phase with concentrations up to 14.8 at.% and diminishing with increasing distance from the surface. Near surface microstructural changes were only visible up to 10 μm from the surface but the oxygen diffusion significantly exceeded that distance. The diffusion coefficient of oxygen into the α2 phase was estimated based on the oxygen concentrations obtained from local electrode atom probe analysis. Fluorine ion implantation on the surface was investigated as a possible solution to the embrittlement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - DUCTILITY
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - A. Titanium aluminides, based on TiAl
KW  - B. Diffusion
KW  - B. Environmental embrittlement
KW  - B. Surface properties
KW  - F. Atom probe
KW  - F. Microprobe
N1  - Accession Number: 70364700; Draper, S.L. 1; Email Address: Susan.L.Draper@nasa.gov Isheim, D. 2,3; Email Address: isheim@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA - Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, MS 49-1, Cleveland OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston IL 60208, USA  3: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston IL 60208, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 22, p77; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: DUCTILITY; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Titanium aluminides, based on TiAl; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Environmental embrittlement; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Surface properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: F. Atom probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: F. Microprobe; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2011.10.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=70364700&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - García-Maldonado, José Q.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Celis, Lourdes B.
AU  - López-Cortés, Alejandro
T1  - Phylogenetic diversity of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (mcrA) gene and methanogenesis from trimethylamine in hypersaline environments.
JO  - International Microbiology
JF  - International Microbiology
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 15
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 41
SN  - 11396709
AB  - Methanogens have been reported in complex microbial communities from hypersaline environments, but little is known about their phylogenetic diversity. In this work, methane concentrations in environmental gas samples were determined while methane production rates were measured in microcosm experiments with competitive and non-competitive substrates. In addition, the phylogenetic diversity of methanogens in microbial mats from two geographical locations was analyzed: the well studied Guerrero Negro hypersaline ecosystem, and a site not previously investigated, namely Laguna San Ignacio, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Methanogenesis in these microbial mats was suspected based on the detection of methane (in the range of 0.00086 to 3.204 %) in environmental gas samples. Microcosm experiments confirmed methane production by the mats and demonstrated that it was promoted only by non-competitive substrates (trimethylamine and methanol), suggesting that methylotrophy is the main characteristic process by which these hypersaline microbial mats produce methane. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences of the methyl coenzyme-M reductase (mcrA) gene from natural and manipulated samples revealed various methylotrophic methanogens belonging exclusively to the family Methanosarcinaceae. Moderately halophilic microorganisms of the genus Methanohalophilus were predominant (>60 % of mcrA sequences retrieved). Slightly halophilic and marine microorganisms of the genera Methcmococcoides and Methanolobus, respectively, were also identified, but in lower abundances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Microbiology is the property of Spanish Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - TRIMETHYLAMINE
KW  - REDUCTASES
KW  - COENZYMES
KW  - gene mcrA
KW  - hypersaline environments
KW  - Methanosarcinaceae
KW  - microbial mats
KW  - trimethylamine
N1  - Accession Number: 77504007; García-Maldonado, José Q. 1 Bebout, Brad M. 2 Celis, Lourdes B. 3 López-Cortés, Alejandro 1; Email Address: alopez04@cibnor.mx; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory of Molecular Microbial Ecology, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico  2: Exobiology Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Applied Geosciences Division, Scientific and Technological Research Institute of San Luis Potosi (IPICYT), San Luis Potosi, Mexico; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 15 Issue 1, p33; Subject Term: PHYLOGENY; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: TRIMETHYLAMINE; Subject Term: REDUCTASES; Subject Term: COENZYMES; Author-Supplied Keyword: gene mcrA; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypersaline environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanosarcinaceae; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial mats; Author-Supplied Keyword: trimethylamine; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2436/20.1501.01.155
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77504007&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castner, Raymond
T1  - Exhaust Nozzle Plume Effects on Sonic Boom.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 422
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Reducing or eliminating the operational restrictions of supersonic aircraft over populated areas has led to research on the sonic boom. To make the sonic boom acceptable, both the leading and trailing shocks need to be reduced. Progress has been made previously to reduce the leading shock through aircraft shaping. Analysis and testing for an isolated nozzle configuration was performed to study the trailing shock waves caused by the exhaust nozzle plume. Both computational fluid dynamics analysis and wind-tunnel testing show how the shock wave formed at the nozzle lip interacts with the nozzle boat-tail expansion wave. Results demonstrate how underexpanded nozzle flow can be associated with a reduction in the strength of the trailing shock wave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXHAUST nozzles
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 75244966; Castner, Raymond 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p415; Subject Term: EXHAUST nozzles; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031305
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75244966&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chadegani, Alireza
AU  - Yang, Chihdar
AU  - Smeltzer III, Stanley S.
T1  - Adhesive-Bonded Composite Joint Analysis with Delaminated Surface Ply Using Strain-Energy Release Rate.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 520
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents an analytical model to determine the strain energy release rate due to an interlaminar crack of the surface ply in adhesively bonded composite joints subjected to axial tension. Single-lap shear-joint standard test-specimen geometry with thick bondline is followed for model development. The field equations are formulated by using the first-order shear-deformation theory in laminated plates together with kinematics relations and force equilibrium conditions. The stress distributions for the adherends and adhesive are determined after the appropriate boundary and loading conditions are applied and the equations for the field displacements are solved. The system of second-order differential equations is solved to using the symbolic computation tool Maple 9.52 to provide displacements fields. The equivalent forces at the tip of the prescribed interlaminar crack are obtained based on interlaminar stress distributions. The strain energy release rate of the crack is then determined by using the crack closure method. Finite element analyses using the J integral as well as the crack closure method are performed to verify the developed analytical model. It has been shown that the results using the analytical method correlate well with the results from the finite element analyses. An attempt is made to predict the failure loads of the joints based on limited test data from the literature. The effectiveness of the inclusion of bondline thickness is justified when compared with the results obtained from the previous model in which a thin bondline and uniform adhesive stresses through the bondline thickness are assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FORCING (Model theory)
N1  - Accession Number: 75244974; Chadegani, Alireza 1; Email Address: chadegan@vt.edu Yang, Chihdar 1; Email Address: yang@wichita.edu Smeltzer III, Stanley S. 2; Email Address: stanley.s.smeltzer@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p503; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FORCING (Model theory); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031516
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75244974&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Parker, Peter A.
T1  - Wind-Tunnel Balance Characterization for Hypersonic Research Applications.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 565
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Wind-tunnel research was recently conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center's 31-Inch Mach 10 Hypersonic Facility in support of the Mars Science Laboratory's aerodynamic program. Researchers were interested in understanding the interaction between the freestream flow and the reaction control system onboard the entry vehicle. A five-component balance, designed for hypersonic testing with pressurized flow-through capability, was used. In addition to the aerodynamic forces, the balance was exposed to both thermal gradients and varying internal cavity pressures. Historically, the effect of these environmental conditions on the response of the balance have not been fully characterized due to the limitations in the calibration facilities. Through statistical design of experiments, thermal and pressure effects were strategically and efficiently integrated into the calibration of the balance. As a result of this new approach, researchers were able to use the balance continuously throughout the wide range of temperatures and pressures and obtain real-time results. Although this work focused on a specific application, the methodology shown can be applied more generally to any force measurement system calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HYPERSONIC planes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 75244978; Lynn, Keith C. 1 Commo, Sean A. 1 Parker, Peter A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p556; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031567
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75244978&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru P.
T1  - Aeroelasticity of a Helicopter Blade Using the Euler Equations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 662
EP  - 664
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The article discusses a study which performed aeroelastic computations for a rotating blade by time-accurately integrating the Euler flow equations with the modal structural equations. It was noted that the computations can be made without arbitrarily tuning the results using low-fidelity lookup tables for aerodynamic data. To make flight measurements, only primitive inputs were used.
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - STRUCTURAL equation modeling
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 75244991; Guruswamy, Guru P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p662; Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL equation modeling; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031571
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75244991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gonzalez, P.
AU  - Tucker, C.J.
AU  - Sy, H.
T1  - Tree density and species decline in the African Sahel attributable to climate
JO  - Journal of Arid Environments
JF  - Journal of Arid Environments
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 78
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 64
SN  - 01401963
AB  - Abstract: Increased aridity and human population have reduced tree cover in parts of the African Sahel and degraded resources for local people. Yet, tree cover trends and the relative importance of climate and population remain unresolved. From field measurements, aerial photos, and Ikonos satellite images, we detected significant 1954–2002 tree density declines in the western Sahel of 18 ± 14% (P = 0.014, n = 204) and 17 ± 13% (P = 0.0009, n = 187). From field observations, we detected a significant 1960–2000 species richness decline of 21 ± 11% (P = 0.0028, n = 14) across the Sahel and a southward shift of the Sahel, Sudan, and Guinea zones. Multivariate analyses of climate, soil, and population showed that temperature most significantly (P < 0.001) explained tree cover changes. Multivariate and bivariate tests and field observations indicated the dominance of temperature and precipitation, supporting attribution of tree cover changes to climate variability. Climate change forcing of Sahel climate variability, particularly the significant (P < 0.05) 1901–2002 temperature increases and precipitation decreases in the research areas, connects Sahel tree cover changes to global climate change. This suggests roles for global action and local adaptation to address ecological change in the Sahel. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Arid Environments is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST density
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - AERIAL photographs
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - MULTIVARIATE analysis
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - PLANT species
KW  - SAHEL
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Climate variability
KW  - Desertification
KW  - Tree cover
KW  - Vegetation shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 69843480; Gonzalez, P. 1; Email Address: pgonzalez@cal.berkeley.edu Tucker, C.J. 2 Sy, H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Forestry, University of California, Berkeley, 163 Mulford, Berkeley, CA 94720-3114, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Réseau de Systèmes d'Alerte Précoce contre la Famine (Famine Early Warning Systems Network), B.P 222, Nouakchott, Mauritanie; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 78, p55; Subject Term: FOREST density; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: AERIAL photographs; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: PLANT species; Subject Term: SAHEL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desertification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tree cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation shifts; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.11.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=69843480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kopasakis, George
T1  - Modeling of Atmospheric Turbulence as Disturbances for Control Design and Evaluation of High Speed Propulsion Systems.
JO  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
JF  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 134
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 21009.1
EP  - 21009.12
SN  - 00220434
AB  - Atmospheric turbulence models are necessary for the design of both inlet/engine and flight controls, as well as for studying integrated couplings between the propulsion and the vehicle structural dynamics for supersonic vehicles. Models based on the Kolmogorov spectrum have been previously utilized to model atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, a more accurate model is developed in its representative fractional order form, typical of atmospheric disturbances. This is accomplished by first scaling the Kolmogorov spectral to convert them into finite energy von Karman forms. Then a generalized formulation is developed in frequency domain for these scale models that approximates the fractional order with the products of first order transfer functions. Given the parameters describing the conditions of atmospheric disturbances and utilizing the derived formulations, the objective is to directly compute the transfer functions that describe these disturbances for acoustic velocity, temperature, pressure, and density. Utilizing these computed transfer functions and choosing the disturbance frequencies of interest, time domain simulations of these representative atmospheric turbulences can be developed. These disturbance representations are then used to first develop considerations for disturbance rejection specifications for the design of the propulsion control system and then to evaluate the closed-loop performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - INLETS
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 74254842; Kopasakis, George 1; Email Address: gkopasakis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 134 Issue 2, p21009.1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: INLETS; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4005368
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74254842&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Gibson, C. Robert
AU  - Mader, Thomas H.
AU  - Ericson, Karen
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Heer, Martina
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Vision Changes after Spaceflight Are Related to Alterations in Folate- and Vitamin B-12-Dependent One-Carbon Metabolism1,2.
JO  - Journal of Nutrition
JF  - Journal of Nutrition
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 142
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 427
EP  - 431
SN  - 00223166
AB  - Approximately 20% (7 of 38) of astronauts on International Space Station (ISS) missions have developed measurable ophthalmic changes after flight. This study was conducted to determine if the folate- and vitamin B-12-dependent 1-carbon metabolic pathway is altered in these individuals. Since 2006, we have conducted experiments on the ISS to evaluate nutritional status and related biochemical indices of astronauts before, during, and after flight. Data were modeled to evaluate differences between individuals with ophthalmic changes (n = 5) and those without them (n = 15), all of whom were on ISS missions of 48-215 d. We also determined whether mean preflight serum concentrations of the 1-carbon metabolites and changes in measured cycloplegic refraction after flight were associated. Serum homocysteine (Hcy), cystathionine, 2-methylcitric acid (2MCA), and methylmalonic acid concentrations were 25-45% higher (P < 0.001) in astronauts with ophthalmic changes than in those without them. These differences existed before, during, and after flight. Preflight serum concentrations of Hcy and cystathionine, and mean in-flight serum folate, were correlated with change (postflight relative to preflight) values in refraction (P < 0.05), and preflight serum concentrations of 2MCA tended to be associated (P = 0.06) with ophthalmic changes. The biochemical differences observed in crewmembers with vision issues strongly suggest that their folate- and vitamin B-12-dependent 1-carbon transfer metabolism was affected before and during flight. The consistent differences in markers of 1-carbon metabolism between those who did and those who did not develop changes in vision suggest that polymorphisms in enzymes of this pathway may interact with microgravity to cause these pathophysiologic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nutrition is the property of American Society for Nutrition and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOLIC acid
KW  - VITAMIN B12
KW  - CARBON metabolism
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - NUTRITION -- Evaluation
KW  - HOMOCYSTEINE
KW  - GENETIC polymorphisms
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 72081033; Zwart, Sara R. 1 Gibson, C. Robert 2 Mader, Thomas H. 3 Ericson, Karen 4 Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 1 Heer, Martina 5 Smith, Scott M. 6; Email Address: scott.m.smith@nasa.com; Affiliation:  1: Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, TX  2: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, and Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, TX  3: Alaska Native Medical Center, Anchorage, AK  4: Department of Chemistry, Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne, Fort Wayne, IN  5: Universiry of Bonn, Bonn, Germany, and Profil Institute for Metabolic Research GmbH, Neuss, Germany  6: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, Space Life Sciences Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 142 Issue 3, p427; Subject Term: FOLIC acid; Subject Term: VITAMIN B12; Subject Term: CARBON metabolism; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: NUTRITION -- Evaluation; Subject Term: HOMOCYSTEINE; Subject Term: GENETIC polymorphisms; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3945/jn.111.154245
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=72081033&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luchinsky, Dmitry G.
AU  - Hafiychuk, Vasyl
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
AU  - Kulikov, Igor C.
AU  - Hanson, John M.
AU  - Hill, Ashley D.
AU  - Mathias, Donovan
AU  - Lawrence, Scott
AU  - Werkheiser, Mary
T1  - Physics-Based Modeling for Stage Separation Recontact.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 242
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Physics-based modeling for a stage separation recontact fault is presented. Numerical models and analytical estimations are applied to analyze the physics of the failure and reconstruct the following sequence of events: structural dynamics of the nozzle extension during impact, yielding and melting of the damaged nozzle under plume loadings during engine startup, reduction of the actual thrust and side loads in the steady burning regime, response of the thrust vector control system to the fault-induced torque, and rocket trajectory variations due to the fault. The obtained results are discussed in a context of engineering risk assessment and development of an onboard diagnostic and prognostic system for stage separation failure. Analysis using the models developed as part of this research shows that the damage results in three possible outcomes: actuator failure with resulting loss of control, loss of performance resulting in an inability to reach orbit, and effects that are sufficiently minor so that orbit is still attainable. In the case of crewed missions, abort triggers based on navigation and flight control data (as described in this paper) may be used to determine the need to abort immediately or to estimate the likelihood that orbit will be reachable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICS
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
N1  - Accession Number: 74453758; Luchinsky, Dmitry G. 1,2 Hafiychuk, Vasyl 1 Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. 1 Kulikov, Igor C. 1 Hanson, John M. 2,3 Hill, Ashley D. 2,4 Mathias, Donovan 1 Lawrence, Scott 1,2 Werkheiser, Mary 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Member AIAA  3: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812  4: Dynamic Concepts, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama 35806; Source Info: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p221; Subject Term: PHYSICS; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mueller, Eric
AU  - Bilimoria, Karl D.
AU  - Frost, Chad
T1  - Improved Lunar Lander Handling Qualities Through Control Response Type and Display Enhancements.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/03//Mar/Apr2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 378
EP  - 389
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A piloted simulation that studied the handling qualities for a precision lunar landing task from final approach to touchdown is presented. A vehicle model based on NASA's Altair lunar lander was used to study the combinations of factors that provide satisfactory pilot-vehicle performance and workload; control and propulsion system details not available for Altair were derived from Apollo lunar module data. Eight Space Shuttle and Apollo astronauts and three NASA test pilots served as evaluation pilots, providing Cooper-Harper ratings, Task Load Index ratings, and qualitative comments. Pilots flew seven combinations of control response types along with two varieties of guidance and a nonguided approach. The response types included the rate command with attitude hold system used on the Apollo lunar module, a new velocity increment command response type, and three response types designed for precise horizontal maneuvering during terminal descent. It was found that velocity increment command improved handling qualities when compared with the baseline Apollo design, receiving predominantly Level 1 ratings. This response type could be flown without guidance cues, which was very difficult in the Apollo system design, and resulted in approximately equivalent touchdown accuracies and propellant burn. The terminal descent response types did not improve handling qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR landing sites
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 74453771; Mueller, Eric 1,2; Email Address: Eric.Mueller@nasa.gov Bilimoria, Karl D. 1,3; Email Address: Karl.Bilimoria@nasa.gov Frost, Chad 1,3; Email Address: chad.r.frost@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2012, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p378; Subject Term: LUNAR landing sites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32086
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science: A commentary.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 415
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The author discusses oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science in the U.S. He is critical on the role of an oral history which is to obtain perspectives and perceptions through documenting record. He also mentions the programs of scientific organizations in obtaining and archiving oral histories such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the American Institute of Physics.
KW  - ORAL history
KW  - METEORITIC hypothesis
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMERICAN Institute of Physics
N1  - Accession Number: 73930052; SEARS, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p414; Subject Term: ORAL history; Subject Term: METEORITIC hypothesis; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMERICAN Institute of Physics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01334.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science-XVI: Donald D. Bogard.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 416
EP  - 433
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - Donald D. Bogard (Don, Fig. 1) became interested in meteorites after seeing the Fayetteville meteorite in an undergraduate astronomy class at the University of Arkansas. During his graduate studies with Paul Kuroda at Arkansas, Don helped discover the Xe decay products of 244Pu. After a postdoctoral period at Caltech, where he learned much from Jerry Wasserburg, Peter Eberhardt, Don Burnett, and Sam Epstein, Don became one of a number of young Ph.D. scientists hired by NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center to set up the Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL) and to perform a preliminary examination of Apollo samples. In collaboration with Oliver Schaeffer (SUNY), Joseph Zähringer (Max Planck, Heidelberg), and Raymond Davis (Brookhaven National Laboratory), he built a gas analysis laboratory at JSC, and the noble gas portion of this laboratory remained operational until he retired in 2010. At NASA, Don worked on the lunar regolith, performed pioneering work on cosmic ray produced noble gas isotopes and Ar-Ar dating, the latter for important insights into the thermal and shock history of meteorites and lunar samples. During this work, he discovered that the trapped gases in SNC meteorites were very similar to those of the Martian atmosphere and thus established their Martian origin. Among Don's many administrative accomplishments are helping to establish the Antarctic meteorite and cosmic dust processing programs at JSC and serving as a NASA-HQ discipline scientist, where he advanced peer review and helped create new programs. Don is a recipient of NASA's Scientific Achievement and Exceptional Service Medals and the Meteoritical Society's Leonard Medal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORAL history
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - ARGON-argon dating
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - BOGARD, Donald D.
N1  - Accession Number: 73930061; SEARS, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p416; Subject Term: ORAL history; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: ARGON-argon dating; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; People: BOGARD, Donald D.; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01333.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73930061&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science--XVI: Grenville Turner.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 47
IS  - 3
M3  - Interview
SP  - 434
EP  - 448
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - In this interview, Grenville Turner (Fig. 1) recounts how he became interested in meteorites during postdoctoral research with John Reynolds at the University of California, Berkeley, after completing a DPhil with Ken Mayne at the University of Oxford. At Berkeley, he worked on xenon isotopes with fellow students Bob Pepin and Craig Merrihue, but Reynolds' insistence that they analyze all the inert gases in their samples meant that they also made important contributions to Ne isotope studies and potassium-argon dating leading to the Ar-Ar technique. In 1964, Grenville obtained a teaching position at the University of Sheffield where he developed his own laboratory for inert gas isotope measurements. After the return of samples from the Moon by the Apollo program, he became involved in determining the chronology of volcanism and major impacts on the Moon. In 1988, Grenville and his team moved to the University of Manchester as part of a national reorganization of earth science departments. During the post Apollo years, Grenville's interest turned to the development of new instrumentation (resonance ionization mass spectrometry and the ion microprobe), and to problems in terrestrial isotope geochemistry, particularly the source of inert gases in fluid inclusions. He received the Leonard Medal of the Meteoritical Society in 1999, and he has also received awards from the Royal Society, the European Association of Geochemistry, and the Royal Astronomical Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORAL history
KW  - METEORITIC hypothesis
KW  - XENON isotopes
KW  - POTASSIUM-argon dating
KW  - TURNER, Grenville -- Interviews
N1  - Accession Number: 73930054; SEARS, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, USA.; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 47 Issue 3, p434; Subject Term: ORAL history; Subject Term: METEORITIC hypothesis; Subject Term: XENON isotopes; Subject Term: POTASSIUM-argon dating; People: TURNER, Grenville -- Interviews; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Interview
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01335.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73930054&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evans, A.
AU  - van Loon, J. Th.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Clayton, G. C.
AU  - Helton, L. A.
AU  - Rushton, M. T.
AU  - Eyres, S. P. S.
AU  - Krautter, J.
AU  - Starrfield, S.
AU  - Wagner, R. M.
T1  - Solid-phase C60 in the peculiar binary XX Oph?
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 421
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L92
EP  - L96
SN  - 17453925
AB  - ABSTRACT We present infrared spectra of the binary XX Oph obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The data show some evidence for the presence of solid C60- the first detection of C60 in the solid phase - together with the well-known 'unidentified infrared' emission features. We suggest that, in the case of XX Oph, the C60 is located close to the hot component, and that in general it is preferentially excited by stars having effective temperatures in the range 15 000-30 000 K. C60 may be common in circumstellar environments, but unnoticed in the absence of a suitable exciting source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 72095811; Evans, A. 1 van Loon, J. Th. 1 Woodward, C. E. 2 Gehrz, R. D. 2 Clayton, G. C. 3 Helton, L. A. 2,4 Rushton, M. T. 5 Eyres, S. P. S. 5 Krautter, J. 6 Starrfield, S. 7 Wagner, R. M. 8; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  2: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics & Astronomy, 116 Church Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA  4: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  6: Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Koenigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  7: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, PO Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA  8: Large Binocular Telescope Observatory, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 421 Issue 1, pL92; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01213.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adamovsky, Grigory
AU  - Lyuksyutov, Sergei F.
AU  - Mackey, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Floyd, Bertram M.
AU  - Abeywickrema, Ujitha
AU  - Fedin, Igor
AU  - Rackaitis, Mindaugas
T1  - Peculiarities of thermo-optic coefficient under different temperature regimes in optical fibers containing fiber Bragg gratings
JO  - Optics Communications
JF  - Optics Communications
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 285
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 766
EP  - 773
SN  - 00304018
AB  - Abstract: Direct experimental measurements of the thermo-optic for fixed temperature intervals (20–200°C, 200–500°C, 500–660°C, 660–780°C) in fused silica fiber containing fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) were conducted. The diffraction efficiency of a FBG fluctuated with temperature between 2.01×10−4 and 0.17×10−4 while the temperature shift of the Bragg''s peak was monitored between 1300 and 1311nm with sub-Angstrom precision. Numerical simulations were focused on FBG''s diffraction efficiency calculations accounting for the temperature drift of the gratings, and found to be in excellent agreement with obtained experimental data. It was found that the first-order thermo-optic coefficient changes between 1.29 and 1.85×10−5 K−1 for the linear fit and at T=0°C its value was found to be close to 2.37×10−5 K−1 for the polynomial fit of experimental data. The average thermo-optic coefficient undergoes a minimum in the vicinity of 440°C. Additional observation indicates a negative sign of the second-order thermo-optic coefficient. The value of thermal expansion coefficient was much less (0.5×10−6 K−1) than that for the average thermo-optic coefficient. Based on the energy dispersive spectroscopy it was determined that thermal erasing of the FBGs at a temperature around 780°C corresponds to germanium monoxide diffusion out of core in silica-based fibers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Optics Communications is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL fibers
KW  - BRAGG gratings
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - QUARTZ fibers
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ACCURACY
KW  - Bragg gratings
KW  - High temperature tests
KW  - Optical fibers
KW  - Optical materials
KW  - Thermodynamic properties
N1  - Accession Number: 70233693; Adamovsky, Grigory 1 Lyuksyutov, Sergei F. 2; Email Address: sfl@uakron.edu Mackey, Jeffrey R. 3 Floyd, Bertram M. 4 Abeywickrema, Ujitha 2 Fedin, Igor 2 Rackaitis, Mindaugas 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA, John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland OH 44135, United States  2: Department of Physics, University of Akron, Akron OH 44325, United States  3: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, Cleveland OH 44135, United States  4: Sierra Lobo, Inc., Cleveland OH 44135, United States  5: Bridgestone Americas, Center for Research and Technology, Akron OH 44317, United States; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 285 Issue 5, p766; Subject Term: OPTICAL fibers; Subject Term: BRAGG gratings; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: QUARTZ fibers; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ACCURACY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bragg gratings; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermodynamic properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.optcom.2011.10.084
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
AU  - Yost, William T.
T1  - Determination of Peierls stress from acoustic harmonic generation.
JO  - Philosophical Magazine Letters
JF  - Philosophical Magazine Letters
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 92
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 132
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 09500839
AB  - The interaction of acoustic waves with dislocations leads to aperiodic oscillations in the magnitude of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter β as a function of the acoustic drive amplitude σ ampl. The magnitude and spacing of the oscillations depend on the value of the Peierls stress. A least-square curve fit of the β(σ ampl) equation to experimental data taken of 99.999% pure aluminum monocrystals oriented for wave propagation along the [1 0 0] crystal axis yields the value 6.2 × 104 Pa for the Peierls stress. The value is consistent with the smallest values reported in the literature for aluminum where for both theoretical and experimental studies the reported values range over three orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine Letters is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - ALUMINUM crystals
KW  - acoustic harmonic generation
KW  - aluminum monocrystals
KW  - dislocation motion
KW  - Peierls stress
N1  - Accession Number: 71346819; Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov Yost, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 92 Issue 3, p128; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ALUMINUM crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: acoustic harmonic generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: aluminum monocrystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: dislocation motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peierls stress; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09500839.2011.637977
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71346819&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Gamo, Minoru
AU  - Hirata, Ryuichi
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Exploring Simple Algorithms for Estimating Gross Primary Production in Forested Areas from Satellite Data.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 326
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Algorithms that use remotely-sensed vegetation indices to estimate gross primary production (GPP), a key component of the global carbon cycle, have gained a lot of popularity in the past decade. Yet despite the amount of research on the topic, the most appropriate approach is still under debate. As an attempt to address this question, we compared the performance of different vegetation indices from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in capturing the seasonal and the annual variability of GPP estimates from an optimal network of 21 FLUXNET forest towers sites. The tested indices include the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), Leaf Area Index (LAI), and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by plant canopies (FPAR). Our results indicated that single vegetation indices captured 50–80% of the variability of tower-estimated GPP, but no one index performed universally well in all situations. In particular, EVI outperformed the other MODIS products in tracking seasonal variations in tower-estimated GPP, but annual mean MODIS LAI was the best estimator of the spatial distribution of annual flux-tower GPP (GPP = 615 × LAI − 376, where GPP is in g C/m2/year). This simple algorithm rehabilitated earlier approaches linking ground measurements of LAI to flux-tower estimates of GPP and produced annual GPP estimates comparable to the MODIS 17 GPP product. As such, remote sensing-based estimates of GPP continue to offer a useful alternative to estimates from biophysical models, and the choice of the most appropriate approach depends on whether the estimates are required at annual or sub-annual temporal resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - EVI
KW  - GPP
KW  - LAI
KW  - MODIS
KW  - NDVI
N1  - Accession Number: 70638975; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 1,2; Email Address: hirofumi.hashimoto@gmail.com Wang, Weile 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com Milesi, Cristina 1,2; Email Address: cristina.milesi@gmail.com White, Michael A. 3; Email Address: mikew.usu@gmail.com Ganguly, Sangram 2,4; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com Gamo, Minoru 5; Email Address: old-gamo@aist.go.jp Hirata, Ryuichi 6; Email Address: ryuhirat@env.agr.hokudai.ac.jp Myneni, Ranga B. 7; Email Address: ranga.myneni@gmail.com Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Email Address: nemani911@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Division of Science & Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94040, USA  3: Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  5: National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan  6: Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan  7: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p303; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: EVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs4010303
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Savin, D. W.
AU  - Brickhouse, N. S.
AU  - Cowan, J. J.
AU  - Drake, R. P.
AU  - Federman, S. R.
AU  - Ferland, G. J.
AU  - Frank, A.
AU  - Gudipati, M. S.
AU  - Haxton, W. C.
AU  - Herbst, E.
AU  - Profumo, S.
AU  - Salama1, F.
AU  - Ziurys, L. M.
AU  - Zweibel, E. G.
T1  - The impact of recent advances in laboratory astrophysics on our understanding of the cosmos.
JO  - Reports on Progress in Physics
JF  - Reports on Progress in Physics
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 75
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 36
SN  - 00344885
AB  - An emerging theme in modern astrophysics is the connection between astronomical observations and the underlying physical phenomena that drive our cosmos. Both the mechanisms responsible for the observed astrophysical phenomena and the tools used to probe such phenomena--the radiation and particle spectra we observe--have their roots in atomic, molecular, condensed matter, plasma, nuclear and particle physics. Chemistry is implicitly included in both molecular and condensed matter physics. This connection is the theme of the present report, which provides a broad, though non-exhaustive, overview of progress in our understanding of the cosmos resulting from recent theoretical and experimental advances in what is commonly called laboratory astrophysics. This work, carried out by a diverse community of laboratory astrophysicists, is increasingly important as astrophysics transitions into an era of precise measurement and high fidelity modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Reports on Progress in Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - COSMOS satellites
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - CONDENSED matter
KW  - DARK matter (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICISTS
N1  - Accession Number: 73896674; Savin, D. W. 1 Brickhouse, N. S. 2 Cowan, J. J. 3 Drake, R. P. 4 Federman, S. R. 5 Ferland, G. J. 6 Frank, A. 7 Gudipati, M. S. 8 Haxton, W. C. 9 Herbst, E. 10 Profumo, S. 11 Salama1, F. 12 Ziurys, L. M. 13 Zweibel, E. G. 14; Affiliation:  1: Columbia Astrophysics Laboratory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Homer L Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA  4: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  6: Department of Physics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA  8: Science Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 97420, USA  10: Departments of Chemistry, Astronomy and Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  11: Department of Physics, ISB 325, University of California, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  12: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: Departments of Chemistry and Astronomy, Arizona Radio Observatory and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  14: Departments of Astronomy and Physics, University of Wisconsin, 6281 Chamberlain Hall, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 75 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: COSMOS satellites; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CONDENSED matter; Subject Term: DARK matter (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICISTS; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0034-4885/75/3/036901
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lim, Taekyung
AU  - Lee, Sumi
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Ju, Sanghyun
T1  - Tin oxide and indium oxide nanowire transport characteristics: influence of oxygen concentration during synthesis.
JO  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
JF  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
Y1  - 2012/03//
VL  - 27
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 02681242
AB  - This study has analyzed the effects of varying oxygen flow rates on the formation of SnO2 and In2O3 nanowires using a vapor-liquid-solid technique and transistor characteristics. SnO2 nanowires grow regardless of the change in the O2 flow rate, whereas In2O3 nanowire formation occurs only for an O2 ratio below 0.2% in argon and transitions to nanoflakes or thin film at higher oxygen fractions. The oxygen fraction in the input gas stream also affects the transistor characteristics when these nanowires are used for device fabrication, particularly the threshTin oxide and indium oxide nanowire transport characteristics: influence of oxygen concentration during synthesisold voltage. In2O3 nanowires appear to be more sensitive to O2 compared to SnO2 nanowires in terms of growth and transistor characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Semiconductor Science & Technology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDIUM oxide
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - SYNTHESIS (Chemistry)
KW  - STANNIC oxide
KW  - THIN films
KW  - THRESHOLD voltage
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
N1  - Accession Number: 73651347; Lim, Taekyung 1 Lee, Sumi 1 Meyyappan, M. 2,3 Ju, Sanghyun 1; Email Address: shju@kgu.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-760, Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: IT Convergence Eng., POSTECH, Pohang, Korea; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 27 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: INDIUM oxide; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: SYNTHESIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: STANNIC oxide; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: THRESHOLD voltage; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0268-1242/27/3/035018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meng Zheng
AU  - Changhong Ke
AU  - Bae, In-Tae
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Smith, Michael W.
AU  - Jordan, Kevin
T1  - Radial elasticity of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2012/03/09/
VL  - 23
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 09574484
AB  - We investigated the radial mechanical properties of multi-walled boron nitride nanotubes (MW-BNNTs) using atomic force microscopy. The employed MW-BNNTs were synthesized using pressurized vapor/condenser (PVC) methods and were dispersed in aqueous solution using ultrasonication methods with the aid of ionic surfactants. Our nanomechanical measurements reveal the elastic deformational behaviors of individual BNNTs with two to four tube walls in their transverse directions. Their effective radial elastic moduli were obtained through interpreting their measured radial deformation profiles using Hertzian contact mechanics models. Our results capture the dependences of the effective radial moduli of MW-BNNTs on both the tube outer diameter and the number of tube layers. The effective radial moduli of double-walled BNNTs are found to be several-fold higher than those of single-walled BNNTs within the same diameter range. Our work contributes directly to a complete understanding of the fundamental structural and mechanical properties of BNNTs and the pursuits of their novel structural and electronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - NANOTUBES -- Synthesis
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - AQUEOUS solutions
KW  - IONIC surfactants
KW  - CONTACT mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 74206767; Meng Zheng 1 Changhong Ke 1; Email Address: cke@binghamton.edu Bae, In-Tae 2 Park, Cheol 3,4 Smith, Michael W. 5 Jordan, Kevin 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York, Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA  2: Small Scale Systems Integration and Packaging Center, State University of New York, Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Avenue, Newport News, VA 23606, USA; Source Info: 3/9/2012, Vol. 23 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: NANOTUBES -- Synthesis; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: AQUEOUS solutions; Subject Term: IONIC surfactants; Subject Term: CONTACT mechanics; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/23/9/095703
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CANNIZZO, JOHN K.
AU  - SMALE, ALAN P.
AU  - WOOD, MATT A.
AU  - STILL, MARTIN D.
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
T1  - THE KEPLER LIGHT CURVES OF V1504 CYGNI AND V344 LYRAE: A STUDY OF THE OUTBURST PROPERTIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/03/10/
VL  - 747
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We examine the Kepler light curves of V1504 Cyg and V344 Lyr, encompassing ~736 days at one-minute cadence. During this span each system exhibited ~64-65 outbursts, including 6 superoutbursts.We find that, in both systems, the normal outbursts lying between two superoutbursts increase in duration over time by a factor &#87641.2-1.9, and then reset to a small value after the following superoutburst. In both systems the trend of quiescent intervals between normal outbursts is to increase to a local maximum about halfway through the supercycle-the interval from one superoutburst to the next-and then to decrease back to a small value by the time of the next superoutburst. This is inconsistent with Osaki's thermal-tidal model, which predicts a monotonic increase in the quiescent intervals between normal outbursts during a supercycle. Also, most of the normal outbursts have an asymmetric, fastrise/ slower-decline shape, which would be consistent with outbursts triggered at large radii. The exponential rate of decay of the plateau phase of the superoutbursts is 8 days mag-1 for V1504 Cyg and 12 days mag-1 for V344 Lyr. This timescale gives a direct measure of the viscous timescale in the outer accretion disk given the expectation that the entire disk is in the hot, viscous state during superoutburst. The resulting constraint on the Shakura-Sunyaev parameter, αhot ⋍ 0.1, is consistent with the value inferred from the fast dwarf nova decays. By looking at the slow decay rate for superoutbursts, which occur in systems below the period gap, in combination with the slow decay rate in one long outburst above the period gap (in U Gem), we infer a steep dependence of the decay rate on orbital period for long outbursts. We argue that this relation implies a steep dependence of αcold on orbital period, which may be consistent with recent findings of Patterson, and is consistent with tidal torquing as being the dominant angular momentum transport mechanism in quiescent disks in interacting binary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - ACCRETION disks
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - NOVAE (Astronomy)
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - accretion, accretion disks
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: individual (V1504 Cygni V344 Lyrae)
N1  - Accession Number: 89936166; CANNIZZO, JOHN K. 1,2; Email Address: John.K.Cannizzo@nasa.gov SMALE, ALAN P. 3 WOOD, MATT A. 4 STILL, MARTIN D. 5,6 HOWELL, STEVE B. 5; Affiliation:  1: CRESST and Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  3: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 747 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ACCRETION disks; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: NOVAE (Astronomy); Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (V1504 Cygni V344 Lyrae); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/747/2/117
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Kim, Jae-Woo
AU  - Sauti, Godfrey
AU  - Ho Kang, Jin
AU  - Lovell, Conrad S.
AU  - Gibbons, Luke J.
AU  - Lowther, Sharon E.
AU  - Lillehei, Peter T.
AU  - Harrison, Joycelyn S.
AU  - Nazem, Negin
AU  - Taylor, Larry T.
T1  - Metallized nanotube polymer composites via supercritical fluid impregnation.
JO  - Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics
JF  - Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics
Y1  - 2012/03/15/
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 394
EP  - 402
SN  - 08876266
AB  - Although many metal decorated nanotubes and nanowires appear in the literature, well-dispersed metal decorated nanotube polymer composites have rarely been reported because of the excessive density mismatch between the decorated nanotubes and polymer matrix. Here, we report a novel method to prepare well-dispersed, highly functional, metallized nanotube polymer composites (MNPCs) that possess remarkably improved electrical conductivity and mechanical toughness. The MNPCs are prepared by supercritical fluid impregnation of an organometal compound into a premade well-dispersed single wall carbon nanotube-polymer composite film. The infused precursor preferentially migrates towards the nanotubes to undergo spontaneous reduction and form nanometer-scale metal particles leading to an increase in the conductivity of the MNPC films. The environmentally friendly supercritical fluid impregnation process significantly improved the toughness of the composite films, regardless of the presence of metal. Additional functionality can be imparted into the resulting MNPC by infusing other precursors such as magnetic and catalytic metal compounds. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.* J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS -- Research
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity -- Research
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
N1  - Accession Number: 71286209; Park, Cheol 1,2 Kim, Jae-Woo 1 Sauti, Godfrey 1 Ho Kang, Jin 1 Lovell, Conrad S. 1 Gibbons, Luke J. 1 Lowther, Sharon E. 3 Lillehei, Peter T. 3 Harrison, Joycelyn S. 3 Nazem, Negin 4 Taylor, Larry T. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904  3: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p394; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Research; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity -- Research; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/polb.23015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wolpert, David H.
AU  - Harre, Michael
AU  - Olbrich, Eckehard
AU  - Bertschinger, Nils
AU  - Jost, Jiirgen
T1  - Hysteresis effects of changing the parameters of noncooperative games.
JO  - Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics
JF  - Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics
Y1  - 2012/03/15/
VL  - 85
IS  - 3-2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 15393755
AB  - We adapt the method used by Jaynes to derive the equilibria of statistical physics to instead derive equilibria of bounded rational game theory. We analyze the dependence of these equilibria on the parameters of the underlying game, focusing on hysteresis effects. In particular, we show that by gradually imposing individual-specific tax rates on the players of the game, and then gradually removing those taxes, the players move from a poor equilibrium to one that is better for all of them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONCOOPERATIVE games (Mathematics)
KW  - HYSTERESIS
KW  - GAME theory
KW  - STATISTICAL physics
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - TAX rates & tables
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
N1  - Accession Number: 77691442; Wolpert, David H. 1,2,3,4,5; Email Address: david.h.wolpert@nasa.gov Harre, Michael 1,5,6 Olbrich, Eckehard 7 Bertschinger, Nils 7 Jost, Jiirgen 3,5,7; Affiliation:  1: Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA  2: Center for Nonlinear Studies, MS B258, LANL, Los Alamos, NM, 87545  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MailStop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  4: Dept. of Physiology, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia  5: Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Leipzig University, 04009 Leipzig, Germany  6: Centrefor the Mind, University of Sydney, Australia  7: Max Planck Institute for Mathematics, Sciences, Inselstrasse 22, DE-04103 Leipzig, Germany; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 85 Issue 3-2, p1; Subject Term: NONCOOPERATIVE games (Mathematics); Subject Term: HYSTERESIS; Subject Term: GAME theory; Subject Term: STATISTICAL physics; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: TAX rates & tables; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.036102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chowdhary, Jacek
AU  - Cairns, Brian
AU  - Waquet, Fabien
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk
AU  - Ottaviani, Matteo
AU  - Redemann, Jens
AU  - Travis, Larry
AU  - Mishchenko, Michael
T1  - Sensitivity of multiangle, multispectral polarimetric remote sensing over open oceans to water-leaving radiance: Analyses of RSP data acquired during the MILAGRO campaign
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/03/15/
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 284
EP  - 308
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: For remote sensing of aerosol over the ocean, there is a contribution from light scattered under water. The brightness and spectrum of this light depends on the biomass content of the ocean, such that variations in the color of the ocean can be observed even from space. Rayleigh scattering by pure sea water, and Rayleigh–Gans type scattering by plankton, causes this light to be polarized with a distinctive angular distribution. To study the contribution of this underwater light polarization to multiangle, multispectral observations of polarized reflectance over ocean, we previously developed a hydrosol model for use in underwater light scattering computations that produces realistic variations of the ocean color and the underwater light polarization signature of pure sea water. In this work we review this hydrosol model, include a correction for the spectrum of the particulate scattering coefficient and backscattering efficiency, and discuss its sensitivity to variations in colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and in the scattering function of marine particulates. We then apply this model to measurements of total and polarized reflectance that were acquired over open ocean during the MILAGRO field campaign by the airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). Analyses show that our hydrosol model faithfully reproduces the water-leaving contributions to RSP reflectance, and that the sensitivity of these contributions to Chlorophyll a concentration [Chl] in the ocean varies with the azimuth, height, and wavelength of observations. We also show that the impact of variations in CDOM on the polarized reflectance observed by the RSP at low altitude is comparable to or much less than the standard error of this reflectance whereas their effects in total reflectance may be substantial (i.e. up to >30%). Finally, we extend our study of polarized reflectance variations with [Chl] and CDOM to include results for simulated spaceborne observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - POLARIMETRIC remote sensing
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - WATER -- Organic compound content
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - SEAWATER
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - WATER -- Optical properties
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Bio-optics
KW  - Case-1 waters
KW  - CDOM
KW  - Chlorophyll a
KW  - Hydrosol
KW  - MILAGRO
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Plankton
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - RSP
KW  - Scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 71412831; Chowdhary, Jacek 1,2; Email Address: jacek.chowdhary@nasa.gov Cairns, Brian 1,2 Waquet, Fabien 3 Knobelspiesse, Kirk 1,2 Ottaviani, Matteo 2 Redemann, Jens 4 Travis, Larry 2 Mishchenko, Michael 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA  2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA  3: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France  4: BAERI/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 118, p284; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: POLARIMETRIC remote sensing; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: WATER -- Organic compound content; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: SEAWATER; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: WATER -- Optical properties; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bio-optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Case-1 waters; Author-Supplied Keyword: CDOM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll a; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: MILAGRO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean color; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plankton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: RSP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.11.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pon, A.
AU  - Johnstone, D.
AU  - Kaufman, M. J.
T1  - MOLECULAR TRACERS OF TURBULENT SHOCKS IN GIANT MOLECULAR CLOUDS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/03/20/
VL  - 748
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Giant molecular clouds contain supersonic turbulence and simulations of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence show that these supersonic motions decay in roughly a crossing time, which is less than the estimated lifetimes of molecular clouds. Such a situation requires a significant release of energy. We run models of C-type shocks propagating into gas with densities around 103 cm–3 at velocities of a few km s–1, appropriate for the ambient conditions inside of a molecular cloud, to determine which species and transitions dominate the cooling and radiative energy release associated with shock cooling of turbulent molecular clouds. We find that these shocks dissipate their energy primarily through CO rotational transitions and by compressing pre-existing magnetic fields. We present model spectra for these shocks, and by combining these models with estimates for the rate of turbulent energy dissipation, we show that shock emission should dominate over emission from unshocked gas for mid to high rotational transitions (J > 5) of CO. We also find that the turbulent energy dissipation rate is roughly equivalent to the cosmic-ray heating rate and that the ambipolar diffusion heating rate may be significant, especially in shocked gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL magnetic fields
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - COSMIC rays
N1  - Accession Number: 97997673; Pon, A. 1,2; Email Address: arpon@uvic.ca Johnstone, D. 1,2; Email Address: Douglas.Johnstone@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca Kaufman, M. J. 3,4; Email Address: mkaufman@email.sjsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  2: NRC-Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  3: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  4: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2012, Vol. 748 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL magnetic fields; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/748/1/25
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Russell
AU  - Teodoro, Luís
AU  - Hendry, Martin
T1  - Completeness - III. Identifying characteristic systematics and evolution in galaxy redshift surveys.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/03/21/
VL  - 421
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 270
EP  - 283
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT This paper continues our development of non-parametric tests for analysing the completeness in apparent magnitude of magnitude-redshift surveys. The purpose of this third and final paper in our completeness series is twofold: first, we explore how certain forms of incompleteness for a given flux-limited galaxy redshift survey would manifest themselves in the 'robust' T c and T v completeness estimators introduced in our earlier papers; secondly, we provide a comprehensive error propagation for these estimators. This work was initiated by Rauzy and then extended and developed by Johnston, Teodoro & Hendry (Completeness I) and Teodoro, Johnston & Hendry (Completeness II). Here, we seek to consolidate the ideas laid out in these previous papers. In particular, our goal is to provide for the observational community statistical tools that will be more easily applicable to real survey data. By using both real surveys and Monte Carlo mock survey data, we have found distinct, characteristic behaviour of the T c and T v estimators which identify incompleteness in the form of e.g. missing objects within a particular magnitude range. Conversely, we have identified signatures of 'over' completeness, in cases where a survey contains a small region in apparent magnitude that may have too many objects relative to the rest of the data set. Identifying regions of incompleteness (in apparent magnitude) in this way provides a powerful means to e.g. improve weighting schemes for estimating luminosity functions, or for more accurately determining the selection function required to employ measures of galaxy clustering as a cosmological probe. We also demonstrate how incompleteness resulting from luminosity evolution can be identified and provide a framework for using our estimators as a robust tool for constraining models of luminosity evolution. Finally, we explore the error propagation for T c and T v. This builds on Completeness II by allowing the definition of these estimators, and their errors, via an adaptive procedure that accounts for the effects of sampling error on the observed distribution of apparent magnitude and redshift in a survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STATISTICAL astronomy
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - COMPLETENESS theorem
N1  - Accession Number: 72458753; Johnston, Russell 1 Teodoro, Luís 2,3 Hendry, Martin 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa  2: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ  3: BAER Int, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2012, Vol. 421 Issue 1, p270; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STATISTICAL astronomy; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: COMPLETENESS theorem; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.20300.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=72458753&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Tashkun, Sergey A.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - An isotopic-independent highly accurate potential energy surface for CO2 isotopologues and an initial 12C16O2 infrared line list.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2012/03/28/
VL  - 136
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 124311
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - An isotopic-independent, highly accurate potential energy surface (PES) has been determined for CO2 by refining a purely ab initio PES with selected, purely experimentally determined rovibrational energy levels. The purely ab initio PES is denoted Ames-0, while the refined PES is denoted Ames-1. Detailed tests are performed to demonstrate the spectroscopic accuracy of the Ames-1 PES. It is shown that Ames-1 yields σrms (root-mean-squares error) = 0.0156 cm-1 for 6873 J = 0-117 12C16O2 experimental energy levels, even though less than 500 12C16O2 energy levels were included in the refinement procedure. It is also demonstrated that, without any additional refinement, Ames-1 yields very good agreement for isotopologues. Specifically, for the 12C16O2 and 13C16O2 isotopologues, spectroscopic constants Gv computed from Ames-1 are within ±0.01 and 0.02 cm-1 of reliable experimentally derived values, while for the 16O12C18O, 16O12C17O, 16O13C18O, 16O13C17O, 12C18O2, 17O12C18O, 12C17O2, 13C18O2, 13C17O2, 17O13C18O, and 14C16O2 isotopologues, the differences are between ±0.10 and 0.15 cm-1. To our knowledge, this is the first time a polyatomic PES has been refined using such high J values, and this has led to new challenges in the refinement procedure. An initial high quality, purely ab initio dipole moment surface (DMS) is constructed and used to generate a 296 K line list. For most bands, experimental IR intensities are well reproduced for 12C16O2 using Ames-1 and the DMS. For more than 80% of the bands, the experimental intensities are reproduced with σrms(ΔI) < 20% or σrms(ΔI/δobs) < 5. A few exceptions are analyzed and discussed. Directions for future improvements are discussed, though it is concluded that the current Ames-1 and the DMS should be useful in analyzing and assigning high-resolution laboratory or astronomical spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - FORCE & energy
N1  - Accession Number: 73959716; Huang, Xinchuan 1 Schwenke, David W. 2 Tashkun, Sergey A. 3 Lee, Timothy J. 4; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  2: MS T27B-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001,  3: V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, SB RAS, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk 634021,  4: MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001,; Source Info: 3/28/2012, Vol. 136 Issue 12, p124311; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3697540
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hibbard, Kenneth
AU  - Glaze, Lori
AU  - Prince, Jill
T1  - Aerobraking at Venus: A science and technology enabler
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 73
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 143
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Venus remains one of the great unexplored planets in our solar system, with key questions remaining on the evolution of its atmosphere and climate, its volatile cycles, and the thermal and magmatic evolution of its surface. One potential approach toward answering these questions is to fly a reconnaissance mission that uses a multi-mode radar in a near-circular, low-altitude orbit of ∼400km and 60–70° inclination. This type of mission profile results in a total mission delta-V of ∼4.4km/s. Aerobraking could provide a significant portion, potentially up to half, of this energy transfer, thereby permitting more mass to be allocated to the spacecraft and science payload or facilitating the use of smaller, cheaper launch vehicles. Aerobraking at Venus also provides additional science benefits through the measurement of upper atmospheric density (recovered from accelerometer data) and temperature values, especially near the terminator where temperature changes are abrupt and constant pressure levels drop dramatically in altitude from day to night. Scientifically rich, Venus is also an ideal location for implementing aerobraking techniques. Its thick lower atmosphere and slow planet rotation result in relatively more predictable atmospheric densities than Mars. The upper atmosphere (aerobraking altitudes) of Venus has a density variation of 8% compared to Mars'' 30% variability. In general, most aerobraking missions try to minimize the duration of the aerobraking phase to keep costs down. These short phases have limited margin to account for contingencies. It is the stable and predictive nature of Venus'' atmosphere that provides safer aerobraking opportunities. The nature of aerobraking at Venus provides ideal opportunities to demonstrate aerobraking enhancements and techniques yet to be used at Mars, such as flying a temperature corridor (versus a heat-rate corridor) and using a thermal-response surface algorithm and autonomous aerobraking, shifting many daily ground activities to onboard the spacecraft. A defined aerobraking temperature corridor, based on spacecraft component maximum temperatures, can be employed on a spacecraft specifically designed for aerobraking, and will predict subsequent aerobraking orbits and prescribe apoapsis propulsive maneuvers to maintain the spacecraft within its specified temperature limits. A spacecraft specifically designed for aerobraking in the Venus environment can provide a cost-effective platform for achieving these expanded science and technology goals. This paper discusses the scientific merits of a low-altitude, near-circular orbit at Venus, highlights the differences in aerobraking at Venus versus Mars, and presents design data using a flight system specifically designed for an aerobraking mission at Venus. Using aerobraking to achieve a low altitude orbit at Venus may pave the way for various technology demonstrations, such as autonomous aerobraking techniques and/or new science measurements like a multi-mode, synthetic aperture radar capable of altimetry and radiometry with performance that is significantly more capable than Magellan. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - RECONNAISSANCE aircraft
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - SYNTHETIC aperture radar
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE )
KW  - Aerobraking
KW  - Autonomous execution
KW  - center of gravity ( Cg )
KW  - center of pressure ( Cp )
KW  - Deep Space Network ( DSN )
KW  - Design considerations
KW  - Design Reference Mission ( DRM )
KW  - high-gain antenna ( HGA )
KW  - Infrared ( IR )
KW  - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA )
KW  - Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL )
KW  - Jupiter Europa Orbiter ( JEO )
KW  - Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter ( LOLA )
KW  - Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ( LRO )
KW  - Mars Global Surveyor ( MGS )
KW  - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter ( MOLA )
KW  - Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ( MRO )
KW  - MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging ( MESSENGER )
KW  - MErcury Surface, Space vironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging ( MESSGER )
KW  - NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC )
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA )
KW  - optical solar reflector ( OSR )
KW  - Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II ( POST2 )
KW  - radio frequency ( RF )
KW  - SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO )
KW  - synthetic aperture radar ( SAR )
KW  - The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory ( JHU/APL )
KW  - Venus
KW  - Venus Exploration Analysis Group ( VEXAG )
KW  - Venus Express ( VEx )
N1  - Accession Number: 71406753; Hibbard, Kenneth 1; Email Address: kenneth.hibbard@jhuapl.edu Glaze, Lori 2; Email Address: lori.s.glaze@nasa.gov Prince, Jill 3; Email Address: jill.l.prince@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 73, p137; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: RECONNAISSANCE aircraft; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC aperture radar; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advanced Composition Explorer ( ACE ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerobraking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomous execution; Author-Supplied Keyword: center of gravity ( Cg ); Author-Supplied Keyword: center of pressure ( Cp ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep Space Network ( DSN ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Design considerations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design Reference Mission ( DRM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: high-gain antenna ( HGA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared ( IR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency ( JAXA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet Propulsion Laboratory ( JPL ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter Europa Orbiter ( JEO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter ( LOLA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter ( LRO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Global Surveyor ( MGS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter ( MOLA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter ( MRO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging ( MESSENGER ); Author-Supplied Keyword: MErcury Surface, Space vironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging ( MESSGER ); Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center ( GSFC ); Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: optical solar reflector ( OSR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II ( POST2 ); Author-Supplied Keyword: radio frequency ( RF ); Author-Supplied Keyword: SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory ( SOHO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: synthetic aperture radar ( SAR ); Author-Supplied Keyword: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory ( JHU/APL ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus Exploration Analysis Group ( VEXAG ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus Express ( VEx ); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.11.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Folta, David C.
AU  - Woodard, Mark
AU  - Howell, Kathleen
AU  - Patterson, Chris
AU  - Schlei, Wayne
T1  - Applications of multi-body dynamical environments: The ARTEMIS transfer trajectory design
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 73
M3  - Article
SP  - 237
EP  - 249
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The application of forces in multi-body dynamical environments to permit the transfer of spacecraft from Earth orbit to Sun–Earth weak stability regions and then return to the Earth–Moon libration (L 1 and L 2) orbits has been successfully accomplished for the first time. This demonstrated that transfer is a positive step in the realization of a design process that can be used to transfer spacecraft with minimal Delta-V expenditures. Initialized using gravity assists to overcome fuel constraints; the ARTEMIS trajectory design has successfully placed two spacecrafts into Earth–Moon libration orbits by means of these applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - LAGRANGIAN points
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MOON
KW  - LIBRATION
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - ARTEMIS
KW  - Libration
KW  - Lissajous
KW  - Manifolds
KW  - Multi-body
KW  - Optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 71406799; Folta, David C. 1; Email Address: david.c.folta@nasa.gov Woodard, Mark 1 Howell, Kathleen 2; Email Address: howell@purdue.edu Patterson, Chris 2 Schlei, Wayne 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States  2: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 73, p237; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN points; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: LIBRATION; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARTEMIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Libration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lissajous; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manifolds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-body; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.11.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - DeBonis, James R.
AU  - Oberkampf, William L.
AU  - Wolf, Richard T.
AU  - Orkwis, Paul D.
AU  - Turner, Mark G.
AU  - Babinsky, Holger
AU  - Benek, John A.
T1  - Assessment of Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experimental Data for Shock Boundary-Layer Interactions.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 891
EP  - 903
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A workshop on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) prediction of shock boundary-layer interactions (SBLIs) was held at the 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. As part of the workshop, numerous CFD analysts submitted solutions to four experimentally measured SBLIs. This paper describes the assessment of the CFD predictions. The assessment includes an uncertainty, analysis of the experimental data, the definition of an error metric, and the application of that metric to the CFD solutions. The CFD solutions provided very similar levels of error and, in general, it was difficult to discern clear trends in the data. For the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods, the choice of turbulence model appeared to be the largest factor in solution accuracy. Scale-resolving methods, such as large-eddy simulation (LES), hybrid RANS/LES, and direct numerical simulation, produced error levels similar to RANS methods but provided superior predictions of normal stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE fluid dynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 74215733; DeBonis, James R. 1; Email Address: james.r.debonis@nasa.gov Oberkampf, William L. 2; Email Address: wloconsulting@gmail.com Wolf, Richard T. 3; Email Address: wolfrt@mail.uc.edu Orkwis, Paul D. 3; Email Address: orkwispd@ucmail.uc.edu Turner, Mark G. 3; Email Address: turnermr@ucmail.uc.edu Babinsky, Holger 4; Email Address: hb@eng.cam.ac.uk Benek, John A. 5; Email Address: john.benek@wpafb.af.mil; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: WLO Consulting, Austin, Texas 78633  3: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221  4: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom  5: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p891; Subject Term: SPACE fluid dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051341
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horikawa, Daiki D.
AU  - Yamaguchi, Ayami
AU  - Sakashita, Tetsuya
AU  - Tanaka, Daisuke
AU  - Hamada, Nobuyuki
AU  - Yukuhiro, Fumiko
AU  - Kuwahara, Hirokazu
AU  - Kunieda, Takekazu
AU  - Watanabe, Masahiko
AU  - Nakahara, Yuichi
AU  - Wada, Seiichi
AU  - Funayama, Tomoo
AU  - Katagiri, Chihiro
AU  - Higashi, Seigo
AU  - Yokobori, Shin-Ichi
AU  - Kuwabara, Mikinori
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
AU  - Okuda, Takashi
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Kobayashi, Yasuhiko
T1  - Tolerance of Anhydrobiotic Eggs of the Tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus to Extreme Environments.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 283
EP  - 289
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Tardigrades are tiny (less than 1 mm in length) invertebrate animals that have the potential to survive travel to other planets because of their tolerance to extreme environmental conditions by means of a dry ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis. While the tolerance of adult tardigrades to extreme environments has been reported, there are few reports on the tolerance of their eggs. We examined the ability of hydrated and anhydrobiotic eggs of the tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus to hatch after exposure to ionizing irradiation (helium ions), extremely low and high temperatures, and high vacuum. We previously reported that there was a similar pattern of tolerance against ionizing radiation between hydrated and anhydrobiotic adults. In contrast, anhydrobiotic eggs (50% lethal dose; 1690 Gy) were substantially more radioresistant than hydrated ones (50% lethal dose; 509 Gy). Anhydrobiotic eggs also have a broader temperature resistance compared with hydrated ones. Over 70% of the anhydrobiotic eggs treated at either −196°C or +50°C hatched successfully, but all the hydrated eggs failed to hatch. After exposure to high-vacuum conditions (5.3×10−4 Pa to 6.2×10−5 Pa), the hatchability of the anhydrobiotic eggs was comparable to that of untreated control eggs. Key Words: Tardigrades - Ramazzottius varieornatus -Anhydrobiosis -Radiation tolerance -Temperatures -Vacuum -Astrobiology. Astrobiology 12, 283-289. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANHYDROBIOSIS
KW  - TARDIGRADA
KW  - INVERTEBRATES
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - EGGS -- Incubation
KW  - RADIATION tolerance
N1  - Accession Number: 90251803; Horikawa, Daiki D. 1,2 Yamaguchi, Ayami 3 Sakashita, Tetsuya 4 Tanaka, Daisuke 5 Hamada, Nobuyuki 6 Yukuhiro, Fumiko 7 Kuwahara, Hirokazu 3 Kunieda, Takekazu 3 Watanabe, Masahiko 5 Nakahara, Yuichi 5 Wada, Seiichi 8 Funayama, Tomoo 4 Katagiri, Chihiro 9 Higashi, Seigo 10 Yokobori, Shin-Ichi 11 Kuwabara, Mikinori 12 Rothschild, Lynn J. 1 Okuda, Takashi 5 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 13 Kobayashi, Yasuhiko 4,14; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute.  3: Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.  4: Microbeam Radiation Biology Group, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Takasaki, Japan.  5: Anhydrobiosis Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.  6: Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Tokyo, Japan.  7: Insect-Microbe Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan.  8: Kitasato University School of Veterinary Medicine, Towada, Japan.  9: Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.  10: Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.  11: School of Life Science, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Hachioji, Japan.  12: Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.  13: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, JAXA, Sagamihara, Japan.  14: Department of Quantum Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan.; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p283; Subject Term: ANHYDROBIOSIS; Subject Term: TARDIGRADA; Subject Term: INVERTEBRATES; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: EGGS -- Incubation; Subject Term: RADIATION tolerance; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0669
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251803&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - Milam, Stefanie N.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - Nucleobases and Prebiotic Molecules in Organic Residues Produced from the Ultraviolet Photo-Irradiation of Pyrimidine in NH3 and H2O+NH3 Ices.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 314
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Although not yet identified in the interstellar medium (ISM), N-heterocycles including nucleobases-the information subunits of DNA and RNA-are present in carbonaceous chondrites, which indicates that molecules of biological interest can be formed in non-terrestrial environments via abiotic pathways. Recent laboratory experiments and ab initio calculations have already shown that the irradiation of pyrimidine in pure H2O ices leads to the formation of a suite of oxidized pyrimidine derivatives, including the nucleobase uracil. In the present work, NH3:pyrimidine and H2O:NH3:pyrimidine ice mixtures with different relative proportions were irradiated with UV photons under astrophysically relevant conditions. Liquid- and gas-chromatography analysis of the resulting organic residues has led to the detection of the nucleobases uracil and cytosine, as well as other species of prebiotic interest such as urea and small amino acids. The presence of these molecules in organic residues formed under abiotic conditions supports scenarios in which extraterrestrial organics that formed in space and were subsequently delivered to telluric planets via comets and meteorites could have contributed to the inventory of molecules that triggered the first biological reactions on their surfaces. Key Words: Pyrimidine-Nucleobases-Interstellar ices-Cometary ices-Molecular processes-Prebiotic chemistry. Astrobiology 12, 295-314. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BASE pairs
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - PYRIMIDINES
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - HETEROCYCLIC compounds
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
N1  - Accession Number: 90251799; Nuevo, Michel 1,2 Milam, Stefanie N. 1,2 Sandford, Scott A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California.  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p295; Subject Term: BASE pairs; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINES; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: HETEROCYCLIC compounds; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0726
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251799&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - LEGGETT, S. K.
AU  - SAUMON, D.
AU  - MARLEY, M. S.
AU  - LODDERS, K.
AU  - CANTY, J.
AU  - LUCAS, P.
AU  - SMART, R. L.
AU  - TINNEY, C. G.
AU  - HOMEIER, D.
AU  - ALLARD, F.
AU  - BURNINGHAM, BEN
AU  - DAY-JONES, A.
AU  - FEGLEY, B.
AU  - ISHII, MIKI
AU  - JONES, H. R. A.
AU  - MAROCCO, F.
AU  - PINFIELD, D. J.
AU  - TAMURA, M.
T1  - THE PROPERTIES OF THE 500 K DWARF UGPS J072227.51-054031.2 AND A STUDY OF THE FAR-RED FLUX OF COLD BROWN DWARFS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 748
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present i and z photometry for 25 T dwarfs and 1 L dwarf. Combined with published photometry, the data show that the i -- z, z -- Y, and z -- J colors of T dwarfs are very red, and continue to increase through to the late-type T dwarfs, with a hint of a saturation for the latest types with Teff ≈ 600 K. We present new 0.7-1.0 µm and 2.8-.2 µm spectra for the very late type T dwarf UGPS J072227.51-054031.2, as well as improved astrometry for this dwarf. Examination of the spectral energy distribution using new and published data, with Saumon & Marley models, shows that the dwarf has Teff = 505 ± 10 K, a mass of 3-11 MJupiter, and an age between 60 Myr and 1 Gyr. This young age is consistent with the thin disk kinematics of the dwarf. The mass range overlaps with that usually considered to be planetary, despite this being an unbound object discovered in the field near the Sun. This apparently young rapid rotator is also undergoing vigorous atmospheric mixing, as determined by the IRAC and WISE 4.5 µm photometry and the Saumon & Marley models. The optical spectrum for this 500 K object shows clearly detected lines of the neutral alkalis Cs and Rb, which are emitted from deep atmospheric layers with temperatures of 900-1200 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - line: profiles
KW  - stars: abundances
N1  - Accession Number: 89936355; LEGGETT, S. K. 1; Email Address: sleggett@gemini.edu SAUMON, D. 2 MARLEY, M. S. 3 LODDERS, K. 4 CANTY, J. 5 LUCAS, P. 5 SMART, R. L. 6 TINNEY, C. G. 7 HOMEIER, D. 8 ALLARD, F. 8 BURNINGHAM, BEN 5 DAY-JONES, A. 9 FEGLEY, B. 4 ISHII, MIKI 10 JONES, H. R. A. 5 MAROCCO, F. 5 PINFIELD, D. J. 5 TAMURA, M. 11; Affiliation:  1: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Planetary Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA  5: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  6: INAF/Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  7: Department of Astrophysics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia  8: CRAL, Universite de Lyon, École Normale Supérieur, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France  9: Universidad de Chile, Camino el Observatorio No. 1515, Santiago, Casilla 36-D, Chile  10: Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  11: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 748 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: line: profiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: abundances; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/748/2/74
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89936355&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mieruch, S.
AU  - Weber, M.
AU  - von Savigny, C.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Bovensmann, H.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
AU  - Bernath, P. F.
AU  - Boone, C. D.
AU  - Froidevaux, L.
AU  - Gordley, L. L.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
AU  - Thomason, L.W.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
T1  - Global and long-term comparison of SCIAMACHY limb ozone profiles with correlative satellite data (2002-2008).
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 771
EP  - 788
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study on SCIAMACHY limb ozone scatter profiles with corrective satellite data from 2002-2008 for global zonal averages and certain heights. It discusses how the study was conducted wherein the monthly mean zonal means and the averages over collocated profiles within a zonal band and month were compared. The study reportedly revealed that a significant negative trend of one to three percent annually depending on the latitude.
KW  - OZONE
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 76592930; Mieruch, S. 1 Weber, M. 1; Email Address: weber@uni-bremen.de von Savigny, C. 1 Rozanov, A. 1 Bovensmann, H. 1 Burrows, J. P. 1 Bernath, P. F. 2 Boone, C. D. 3 Froidevaux, L. 4 Gordley, L. L. 5 Mlynczak, M. G. 5 Russell III, J. M. 6 Thomason, L.W. 7 Walker, K. A. 6 Zawodny, J. M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Umweltphysik, Universität Bremen FB1, Bremen, Germany  2: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, UK  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  6: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  7: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p771; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone -- Measurement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-771-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76592930&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weidhaas, Jennifer L.
AU  - Zigmond, Michael J.
AU  - Dupont, R. Ryan
T1  - Aerobic Biotransformation of N -Nitrosodimethylamine and N -Nitrodimethylamine by Benzene-, Butane-, Methane-, Propane-, and Toluene-Fed Cultures.
JO  - Bioremediation Journal
JF  - Bioremediation Journal
Y1  - 2012/04//Apr-Jun2012
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 85
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10889868
AB  - N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is an emerging contaminant of concern. N-nitrodimethylamine (DMNA) is a structural analog to NDMA. NDMA and DMNA have been found in drinking water, groundwater, and other media and are of concern due their toxicity. The authors evaluated biotransformation of NDMA and DMNA by cultures enriched from contaminated groundwater growing on benzene, butane, methane, propane, or toluene. Maximum specific growth rates of enriched cultures on butane (μmax = 1.1 h−1) and propane (μmax = 0.65 h−1) were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those presented in the literature. Growth rates of mixed cultures grown on benzene (μmax = 1.3 h−1), methane (μmax = 0.09 h−1), and toluene (μmax = 0.99 h−1) in these studies were similar to those presented in the literature. NDMA biotransformation rates for methane oxidizers (υmax = 1.4 ng min−1 mg−1) and toluene oxidizers (υmax = 2.3 ng min−1 mg−1) were comparable to those presented in the literature, whereas the biotransformation rate for propane oxidizers (υmax = 0.37 ng min−1 mg−1) was lower. NDMA biotransformation rates for benzene oxidizers (υmax = 1.02 ng min−1 mg−1) and butane oxidizers (υmax = 1.2 ng min−1 mg−1) were comparable to those reported for other primary substrates. These studies showed that DMNA biotransformation rates for benzene (υmax = 0.79 ng min−1 mg−1), butane (υmax = 1.0 ng min−1 mg−1), methane (υmax = 2.1 ng min−1 mg−1), propane (υmax = 1.46 ng min−1 mg−1), and toluene (υmax = 0.52 ng min−1 mg−1) oxidizers were all comparable. These studies highlight potential bioremediation methods for NDMA and DMNA in contaminated groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bioremediation Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOTRANSFORMATION in microorganisms
KW  - DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE
KW  - AEROBIC bacteria
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - BUTANE
KW  - METHANE
KW  - PROPANE
KW  - TOLUENE
KW  - BIOREMEDIATION
KW  - GROUNDWATER -- Pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 76274041; Weidhaas, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: jennifer.weidhaas@mail.wvu.edu Zigmond, Michael J. 2 Dupont, R. Ryan 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA  3: Utah Water Research Laboratory, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA; Source Info: Apr-Jun2012, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p74; Subject Term: BIOTRANSFORMATION in microorganisms; Subject Term: DIMETHYLNITROSAMINE; Subject Term: AEROBIC bacteria; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: BUTANE; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: PROPANE; Subject Term: TOLUENE; Subject Term: BIOREMEDIATION; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER -- Pollution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 412110 Petroleum and petroleum products merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454312 Liquefied petroleum gas (bottled gas) dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10889868.2012.665961
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76274041&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datsko, B.
AU  - Gafiychuk, V.
T1  - Complex nonlinear dynamics in subdiffusive activator–inhibitor systems
JO  - Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation
JF  - Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1673
EP  - 1680
SN  - 10075704
AB  - Abstract: In this article we analyze the linear stability of nonlinear time-fractional reaction–diffusion systems. As an example, the reaction–subdiffusion model with cubic nonlinearity is considered. By linear stability analysis and computer simulation, it was shown that fractional derivative orders can change substantially an eigenvalue spectrum and significantly enrich nonlinear system dynamics. A overall picture of nonlinear solutions in subdiffusive reaction–diffusion systems is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - REACTION-diffusion equations
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - FRACTIONAL calculus
KW  - EIGENVALUES
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Dissipative structures
KW  - Fractional differential equations
KW  - Homogeneous oscillations
KW  - Reaction–diffusion system
N1  - Accession Number: 66945471; Datsko, B. 1; Email Address: b_datsko@yahoo.com Gafiychuk, V. 2,3; Email Address: vagaf@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Street 3 B, Lviv 79060, Ukraine  2: SGT Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Rd Suite 400 Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p1673; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: REACTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: FRACTIONAL calculus; Subject Term: EIGENVALUES; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissipative structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractional differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homogeneous oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction–diffusion system; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cnsns.2011.08.037
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=66945471&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, W.L.
AU  - Jurns, J.M.
AU  - Bamberger, H.H.
AU  - Plachta, D.W.
T1  - Launch ascent testing of a representative Altair ascent stage methane tank
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 278
EP  - 282
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: In order to support long duration cryogenic propellant storage, the NASA is investigating the long duration storage properties of liquid methane. The Methane Lunar Surface Thermal Control (MLSTC) testing is using a tank of the approximate dimensions of the Altair lunar ascent propellant tanks. The tank was insulated with multilayer insulation and placed inside of a vacuum chamber to simulate the various environments that would be encountered during launch and travel from the earth to the lunar surface, including long duration stays on the lunar surface. One of these environments to be studied is the launch and ascent environment; while all the effects of this mission phase cannot be simulated at the same time, an effort was made to simulate as many as possible. Boil-off testing included ambient pressure ground hold testing followed by a rapid depressurization of the vacuum chamber during which the liquid methane tank was allowed to come to steady state condition in the high vacuum environment. The data gathered from the series of tests fit with-in pre-test predictions and yielded much needed test data for rapid depressurization using liquid methane. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - LIQUID methane
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - ALTAIR
KW  - Liquid methane
KW  - Multilayer insulation
KW  - Rapid depressurization
N1  - Accession Number: 75355229; Johnson, W.L. 1; Email Address: wesley.l.johnson@nasa.gov Jurns, J.M. 2 Bamberger, H.H. 3 Plachta, D.W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Cryogenics Test Laboratory, M/S: NE-F6, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States  2: ASRC Aerospace, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M/S: 500ASRC, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Jacobs Technology, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M/S: 100-5, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  4: Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M/S: 301-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 52 Issue 4-6, p278; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: LIQUID methane; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: ALTAIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multilayer insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rapid depressurization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.01.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kudlac, M.T.
AU  - Weaver, H.F.
AU  - Cmar, M.D.
T1  - Thermal vacuum integrated system test at B-2
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4-6
M3  - Article
SP  - 296
EP  - 300
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) Plum Brook Station (PBS) Space Propulsion Research Facility, commonly referred to as B-2, is NASA’s third largest thermal vacuum facility. It is the largest designed to store and transfer large quantities of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, and is perfectly suited to support developmental testing of chemical propulsion systems as well as fully integrated stages. The facility is also capable of providing thermal-vacuum simulation services to support testing of large lightweight structures, Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM) systems, electric propulsion test programs, and other In-Space propulsion programs. A recently completed integrated system test demonstrated the refurbished thermal vacuum capabilities of the facility. The test used the modernized data acquisition and control system to monitor the facility during pump down of the vacuum chamber, operation of the liquid nitrogen heat sink (or cold wall) and the infrared lamp array. A vacuum level of 1.3×10−4 Pa (1×10−6 torr) was achieved. The heat sink provided a uniform temperature environment of approximately 77K (139°R) along the entire inner surface of the vacuum chamber. The recently rebuilt and modernized infrared lamp array produced a nominal heat flux of 1.4kW/m2 at a chamber diameter of 6.7m (22ft) and along 11m (36ft) of the chamber’s cylindrical vertical interior. With the lamp array and heat sink operating simultaneously, the thermal systems produced a heat flux pattern simulating radiation to space on one surface and solar exposure on the other surface. The data acquired matched pretest predictions and demonstrated system functionality. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - SPACE
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - LIQUID oxygen
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HEAT sinks (Electronics)
KW  - Infrared lamp
KW  - Liquid nitrogen
KW  - Space cryogenics
KW  - Thermal vacuum
N1  - Accession Number: 75355232; Kudlac, M.T. 1; Email Address: Maureen.T.Kudlac@nasa.gov Weaver, H.F. 2 Cmar, M.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Plum Brook Station, 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, United States  3: Sierra Lobo Inc., NASA Glenn Research Center, Plum Brook Station, 6100 Columbus Ave., Sandusky, OH 44870, United States; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 52 Issue 4-6, p296; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: SPACE; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: LIQUID oxygen; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HEAT sinks (Electronics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared lamp; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space cryogenics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal vacuum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.01.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Alan
AU  - Crawford, I.
AU  - Gowen, Robert
AU  - Ambrosi, R.
AU  - Anand, M.
AU  - Banerdt, B.
AU  - Bannister, N.
AU  - Bowles, N.
AU  - Braithwaite, C.
AU  - Brown, P.
AU  - Chela-Flores, J.
AU  - Cholinser, T.
AU  - Church, P.
AU  - Coates, A.
AU  - Colaprete, T.
AU  - Collins, G.
AU  - Collinson, G.
AU  - Cook, T.
AU  - Elphic, R.
AU  - Fraser, G.
T1  - Lunar Net-a proposal in response to an ESA M3 call in 2010 for a medium sized mission.
JO  - Experimental Astronomy
JF  - Experimental Astronomy
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 33
IS  - 2/3
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 644
SN  - 09226435
AB  - Emplacement of four or more kinetic penetrators geographically distributed over the lunar surface can enable a broad range of scientific exploration objectives of high priority and provide significant synergy with planned orbital missions. Whilst past landed missions achieved a great deal, they have not included a far-side lander, or investigation of the lunar interior apart from a very small area on the near side. Though the LCROSS mission detected water from a permanently shadowed polar crater, there remains in-situ confirmation, knowledge of concentration levels, and detailed identification of potential organic chemistry of astrobiology interest. The planned investigations will also address issues relating to the origin and evolution of the Earth-Moon system and other Solar System planetary bodies. Manned missions would be enhanced with use of water as a potential in-situ resource; knowledge of potential risks from damaging surface Moonquakes, and exploitation of lunar regolith for radiation shielding. LunarNet is an evolution of the 2007 LunarEX proposal to ESA (European Space Agency) which draws on recent significant advances in mission definition and feasibility. In particular, the successful Pendine full-scale impact trials have proved impact survivability for many of the key technology items, and a penetrator system study has greatly improved the definition of descent systems, detailed penetrator designs, and required resources. LunarNet is hereby proposed as an exciting stand-alone mission, though is also well suited in whole or in-part to contribute to the jigsaw of upcoming lunar missions, including that of a significant element to the ILN (International Lunar Network). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Astronomy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOGRAPHY
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - MOONQUAKES
KW  - MOON
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Lunar
KW  - MEMS
KW  - Moon
KW  - Penetrators
KW  - Space
KW  - Technology
KW  - EUROPEAN Space Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 74550761; Smith, Alan 1; Email Address: as@mssl.ucl.ac.uk Crawford, I. 2 Gowen, Robert 1; Email Address: rag@mssl.ucl.ac.uk Ambrosi, R. 3 Anand, M. 4 Banerdt, B. 5 Bannister, N. 3 Bowles, N. 6 Braithwaite, C. 7 Brown, P. 8 Chela-Flores, J. 9 Cholinser, T. 10 Church, P. 11 Coates, A. 1 Colaprete, T. 12 Collins, G. Collinson, G. 13 Cook, T. 14 Elphic, R. 15 Fraser, G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT UK  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Birkbeck College, University of London, London UK  3: University of Leicester, Leicester UK  4: CEPSAR, Open University, Milton Keynes UK  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena 91109 USA  6: Oxford University, Oxford UK  7: Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge UK  8: Imperial College London, London UK  9: The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste Italy  10: Hong Kong China  11: QinetiQ Ltd., Fort Halsted Sevenoaks UK  12: NASA Ames, Moffett Field 94035 USA  13: NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt 20771 USA  14: Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Wales Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth UK  15: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 33 Issue 2/3, p587; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Subject Term: MOONQUAKES; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Penetrators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technology; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Space Agency; Number of Pages: 58p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10686-011-9250-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina Morea
AU  - Eric Livo, K.
AU  - Pearson, Neil
AU  - Curchin, John M.
AU  - Hoefen, Todd M.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Nicholson, Philip D.
T1  - The surface composition of Iapetus: Mapping results from Cassini VIMS
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 218
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 831
EP  - 860
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Cassini VIMS has obtained spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy data on numerous satellites of Saturn. A very close fly-by of Iapetus on September 10, 2007 provided the best data on the spectral signature and spatial extent of dark material on Iapetus. This Cassini Rev 49 Iapetus fly-by provided spatially resolved imaging spectroscopy data of the dark material and the leading/trailing side transition from the dark material to visually bright ice on the trailing side. Compositional mapping and radiative transfer modeling shows that the dark material is composed of metallic iron, nano-size iron oxide (hematite), CO2, H2O ice, and possible signatures of ammonia, bound water, H2 or OH-bearing minerals, trace organics, and as yet unidentified materials. CO2 indicates a pattern of increasing CO2 strength from the leading side apex to the transition zone to the icy trailing side. A Rayleigh scattering peak in the visible part of the spectrum indicates the dark material has a large component of fine, sub-0.5-μm diameter particles consistent with nanophase hematite and nanophase iron. Spectral signatures of ice also indicate that sub-0.5-μm diameter particles are present in the icy regions. Multiple lines of evidence point to an external origin for the dark material on Iapetus, including the global spatial pattern of dark material, local patterns including crater and cliff walls shielding implantation on slopes facing away from the leading side, exposing clean ice, and slopes facing the leading direction which show higher abundances of dark material. Multiple spectral features and overall spectral shape of the dark material on Iapetus match those seen on Phoebe, Hyperion, Dione, Epimetheus, Saturn’s rings Cassini Division, and the F-ring implying the material has a common composition throughout the Saturn system. The dark material appears to have significant components of nanophase metallic iron and nanophase hematite contributing to the observed UV absorption. The blue scattering peak with a strong UV–visible absorption is observed in spectra of all satellites that contain dark material, again pointing to a common origin of contamination by metallic iron that is partially oxidized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CARTOGRAPHY
KW  - HEMATITE
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - IAPETUS (Satellite)
KW  - Iapetus
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
KW  - Satellites, Composition
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 73962430; Clark, Roger N. 1; Email Address: rclark@usgs.gov Cruikshank, Dale P. 2 Jaumann, Ralf 3 Brown, Robert H. 4 Stephan, Katrin 3 Dalle Ore, Cristina Morea 2,5 Eric Livo, K. 1 Pearson, Neil 1 Curchin, John M. 1 Hoefen, Todd M. 1 Buratti, Bonnie J. 6 Filacchione, Gianrico 7 Baines, Kevin H. 6 Nicholson, Philip D. 8; Affiliation:  1: US Geological Survey, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  2: Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Space Sensor Technology and Planetary Exploration, Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  4: University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences, Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  5: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: INAF-IAPS, Area della Ricerca di Tor Vergata, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  8: Cornell University, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 218 Issue 2, p831; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: HEMATITE; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: IAPETUS (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Iapetus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.01.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernard, Kévin
AU  - Tarabalka, Yuliya
AU  - Angulo, Jesús
AU  - Chanussot, Jocelyn
AU  - Benediktsson, Jón Atli
T1  - Spectral–Spatial Classification of Hyperspectral Data Based on a Stochastic Minimum Spanning Forest Approach.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2008
EP  - 2021
SN  - 10577149
AB  - In this paper, a new method for supervised hyperspectral data classification is proposed. In particular, the notion of stochastic minimum spanning forest (MSF) is introduced. For a given hyperspectral image, a pixelwise classification is first performed. From this classification map, M marker maps are generated by randomly selecting pixels and labeling them as markers for the construction of MSFs. The next step consists in building an MSF from each of the M marker maps. Finally, all the M realizations are aggregated with a maximum vote decision rule in order to build the final classification map. The proposed method is tested on three different data sets of hyperspectral airborne images with different resolutions and contexts. The influences of the number of markers and of the number of realizations M on the results are investigated in experiments. The performance of the proposed method is compared to several classification techniques (both pixelwise and spectral–spatial) using standard quantitative criteria and visual qualitative evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Image Processing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - SPANNING trees (Graph theory)
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Classification
KW  - hyperspectral image
KW  - Hyperspectral imaging
KW  - Image edge detection
KW  - Image segmentation
KW  - marker selection
KW  - minimum spanning forest (MSF)
KW  - multiple classifiers
KW  - Partitioning algorithms
KW  - stochastic
KW  - Support vector machines
KW  - Vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 73616105; Bernard, Kévin 1 Tarabalka, Yuliya 2 Angulo, Jesús 3 Chanussot, Jocelyn 4 Benediktsson, Jón Atli 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Center of Mathematical Morphology, Department of Mathematics and Systems, École des Mines de Paris (Mines ParisTech), Fontainebleau, France  4: Grenoble Images Speech Signals and Automatics Laboratory, Grenoble Institute of Technology, Saint Martin d'Hères, France; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p2008; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: SPANNING trees (Graph theory); Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: DECISION making; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperspectral image; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image edge detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image segmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: marker selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: minimum spanning forest (MSF); Author-Supplied Keyword: multiple classifiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partitioning algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Support vector machines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIP.2011.2175741
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DATSKO, BOHDAN
AU  - LUCHKO, YURY
AU  - GAFIYCHUK, VASYL
T1  - PATTERN FORMATION IN FRACTIONAL REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEMS WITH MULTIPLE HOMOGENEOUS STATES.
JO  - International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1250087-1
EP  - 1250087-10
PB  - World Scientific Publishing Company
SN  - 02181274
AB  - This paper is devoted to the investigation of self-organization phenomena in time-fractional reaction-diffusion systems with multiple homogeneous states. It is shown that the fractional reaction-diffusion systems possess some new properties compared to the systems with derivatives of integer orders. In particular, some complex spatio-temporal solutions that cannot be found in the standard reaction-diffusion systems are identified. The simulation results are presented for the case of a incommensurate time-fractional reaction-diffusion system with a cubic nonlinearity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Bifurcation & Chaos in Applied Sciences & Engineering is the property of World Scientific Publishing Company and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REACTION-diffusion equations
KW  - FRACTIONAL calculus
KW  - HOMOGENEOUS spaces
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - DERIVATIVES (Mathematics)
KW  - Bifurcation
KW  - fractional derivative
KW  - pattern formation
KW  - time-fractional reaction-diffusion equation
N1  - Accession Number: 75396653; DATSKO, BOHDAN 1; Email Address: b_datsko@yahoo.com LUCHKO, YURY 2; Email Address: luchko@beuth-hochschule.de GAFIYCHUK, VASYL 3; Email Address: vagaf@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics, NASU, Naukova 3b, Lviv, 79061, Ukraine  2: Beuth Technical University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p1250087-1; Subject Term: REACTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: FRACTIONAL calculus; Subject Term: HOMOGENEOUS spaces; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: DERIVATIVES (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bifurcation; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractional derivative; Author-Supplied Keyword: pattern formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: time-fractional reaction-diffusion equation; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burow, Luke C
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Bebout, Brad M
AU  - McMurdie, Paul J
AU  - Singer, Steven W
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Spormann, Alfred M
AU  - Weber, Peter K
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M
T1  - Hydrogen production in photosynthetic microbial mats in the Elkhorn Slough estuary, Monterey Bay.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 863
EP  - 874
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Hydrogen (H2) release from photosynthetic microbial mats has contributed to the chemical evolution of Earth and could potentially be a source of renewable H2 in the future. However, the taxonomy of H2-producing microorganisms (hydrogenogens) in these mats has not been previously determined. With combined biogeochemical and molecular studies of microbial mats collected from Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, California, we characterized the mechanisms of H2 production and identified a dominant hydrogenogen. Net production of H2 was observed within the upper photosynthetic layer (0-2 mm) of the mats under dark and anoxic conditions. Pyrosequencing of rRNA gene libraries generated from this layer demonstrated the presence of 64 phyla, with Bacteriodetes, Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria dominating the sequences. Sequencing of rRNA transcripts obtained from this layer demonstrated that Cyanobacteria dominated rRNA transcript pyrotag libraries. An OTU affiliated to Microcoleus spp. was the most abundant OTU in both rRNA gene and transcript libraries. Depriving mats of sunlight resulted in an order of magnitude decrease in subsequent nighttime H2 production, suggesting that newly fixed carbon is critical to H2 production. Suppression of nitrogen (N2)-fixation in the mats did not suppress H2 production, which indicates that co-metabolic production of H2 during N2-fixation is not an important contributor to H2 production. Concomitant production of organic acids is consistent with fermentation of recently produced photosynthate as the dominant mode of H2 production. Analysis of rRNA % transcript:% gene ratios and H2-evolving bidirectional [NiFe] hydrogenase % transcript:% gene ratios indicated that Microcoelus spp. are dominant hydrogenogens in the Elkhorn Slough mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN production
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - RIBOSOMAL RNA
KW  - ANOXIC zones
KW  - ELKHORN Slough (Calif.)
KW  - MONTEREY Bay (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 73489343; Burow, Luke C 1 Woebken, Dagmar 1 Bebout, Brad M 2 McMurdie, Paul J 3 Singer, Steven W 4 Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 5 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 2 Spormann, Alfred M 3 Weber, Peter K 5 Hoehler, Tori M 2; Affiliation:  1: 1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA  4: Division of Earth Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA  5: Division of Chemical Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p863; Subject Term: HYDROGEN production; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: RIBOSOMAL RNA; Subject Term: ANOXIC zones; Subject Term: ELKHORN Slough (Calif.); Subject Term: MONTEREY Bay (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2011.142
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taori, A.
AU  - Kamalakar, V.
AU  - Raghunath, K.
AU  - Rao, S.V.B.
AU  - Russell, J.M.
T1  - Simultaneous Rayleigh lidar and airglow measurements of middle atmospheric waves over low latitudes in India
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 78-79
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 69
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: We utilize simultaneous Rayleigh lidar and mesospheric OH and O2 airglow measurements to identify the dominant and propagating waves within 40–95km altitude regions over a low latitude station Gadanki (13.8°N, 79.2°E). It is found that waves with 0.4–0.6h periodicity are common throughout the altitude range of 40–95km with significant amplitudes. The ground based temperature measurements with lidar and airglow monitoring are found to compare well with SABER data. With simultaneous Rayleigh lidar (temperature) and mesospheric airglow (emission intensity and temperature) measurements, we estimate the amplitude growth and Krassovsky parameters to characterize the propagation and dissipation of these upward propagating waves. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAYLEIGH waves
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - AIRGLOW
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC waves
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - INDIA
KW  - Airglow
KW  - Gravity wave
KW  - Mesosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 73777205; Taori, A. 1; Email Address: alok.taori@gmail.com Kamalakar, V. 2 Raghunath, K. 1 Rao, S.V.B. 2 Russell, J.M. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Atmospheric Research Laboratory, Gadanki, India  2: Dept. of Physics, S.V. University, Tirupati, India  3: Science Mission Directorate, NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 78-79, p62; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH waves; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: AIRGLOW; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC waves; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: INDIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airglow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesosphere; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2011.06.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephens, Graeme L.
AU  - Wild, Martin
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
AU  - L'Ecuyer, Tristan
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Henderson, David S.
T1  - The Global Character of the Flux of Downward Longwave Radiation.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2329
EP  - 2340
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - Four different types of estimates of the surface downwelling longwave radiative flux (DLR) are reviewed. One group of estimates synthesizes global cloud, aerosol, and other information in a radiation model that is used to calculate fluxes. Because these synthesis fluxes have been assessed against observations, the global-mean values of these fluxes are deemed to be the most credible of the four different categories reviewed. The global, annual mean DLR lies between approximately 344 and 350 W m−2 with an error of approximately ±10 W m−2 that arises mostly from the uncertainty in atmospheric state that governs the estimation of the clear-sky emission. The authors conclude that the DLR derived from global climate models are biased low by approximately 10 W m−2 and even larger differences are found with respect to reanalysis climate data. The DLR inferred from a surface energy balance closure is also substantially smaller that the range found from synthesis products suggesting that current depictions of surface energy balance also require revision. The effect of clouds on the DLR, largely facilitated by the new cloud base information from the CloudSat radar, is estimated to lie in the range from 24 to 34 W m−2 for the global cloud radiative effect (all-sky minus clear-sky DLR). This effect is strongly modulated by the underlying water vapor that gives rise to a maximum sensitivity of the DLR to cloud occurring in the colder drier regions of the planet. The bottom of atmosphere (BOA) cloud effect directly contrast the effect of clouds on the top of atmosphere (TOA) fluxes that is maximum in regions of deepest and coldest clouds in the moist tropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVE energy
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - SEA surface microlayer
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - EARTH temperature
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - CAP clouds
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Energy budget/balance
KW  - Energy transport
KW  - Hydrologic cycle
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 73959536; Stephens, Graeme L. 1 Wild, Martin 2 Stackhouse, Paul W. 3 L'Ecuyer, Tristan 4 Kato, Seiji 3 Henderson, David S. 4; Affiliation:  1: ** Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  2: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p2329; Subject Term: WAVE energy; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: SEA surface microlayer; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: EARTH temperature; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: CAP clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy budget/balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrologic cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmospheres; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00262.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
AU  - Armstrong, Jeffrey B.
AU  - Garg, Sanjay
T1  - Application of an Optimal Tuner Selection Approach for On-Board Self-Tuning Engine Models.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 134
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 041601-1
EP  - 041601-11
SN  - 07424795
AB  - An enhanced design methodology for minimizing the error in on-line Kalman filter-based aircraft engine performance estimation applications is presented in this paper. It specifically addresses the under-determined estimation problem, in which there are more unknown parameters than available sensor measurements. This work builds upon an existing technique for systematically selecting a model tuning parameter vector of appropriate dimension to enable estimation by a Kalman filter, while minimizing the estimation error in the parameters of interest. While the existing technique was optimized for open-loop engine operation at a fixed design point, in this paper an alternative formulation is presented that enables the technique to be optimized for an engine operating under closed-loop control throughout the flight envelope. The theoretical Kalman filter mean squared estimation error at a steady-state closed-loop operating point is derived, and the tuner selection approach applied to minimize this error is discussed. A technique for constructing a globally optimal tuning parameter vector, which enables full-envelope application of the technology, is also presented, along with design steps for adjusting the dynamic response of the Kalman filter state estimates. Results from the application of the technique to linear and nonlinear aircraft engine simulations are presented and compared to the conventional approach of tuner selection. The new methodology is shown to yield a significant improvement in on-line Kalman filter estimation accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - ENGINES
N1  - Accession Number: 79816376; Simon, Donald L. 1 Armstrong, Jeffrey B. 2 Garg, Sanjay 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 500-ASRC, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 134 Issue 4, p041601-1; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: ENGINES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4004178
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kinsey, John S.
AU  - Timko, Michael T.
AU  - Herndon, Scott C.
AU  - Wood, Ezra C.
AU  - Yu, Zhenhong
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard C.
AU  - Lobo, Prem
AU  - Whitefield, Philip
AU  - Hagen, Donald
AU  - Wey, Changlie
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Hudgins, Charles H.
AU  - Thornhill, K. Lee
AU  - Winstead, Edward
AU  - Howard, Robert
AU  - Bulzan, Dan I.
AU  - Tacina, Kathleen B.
AU  - Knighton, W. Berk
T1  - Determination of the emissions from an aircraft auxiliary power unit (APU) during the Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX).
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 62
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 420
EP  - 430
SN  - 10962247
AB  - The emissions from a Garrett-AiResearch (now Honeywell) Model GTCP85–98CK auxiliary power unit (APU) were determined as part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Alternative Aviation Fuel Experiment (AAFEX) using both JP-8 and a coal-derived Fischer Tropsch fuel (FT-2). Measurements were conducted by multiple research organizations for sulfur dioxide (SO2), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), speciated gas-phase emissions, particulate matter (PM) mass and number, black carbon, and speciated PM. In addition, particle size distribution (PSD), number-based geometric mean particle diameter (GMD), and smoke number were also determined from the data collected. The results of the research showed PM mass emission indices (EIs) in the range of 20 to 700 mg/kg fuel and PM number EIs ranging from 0.5 × 1015to 5 × 1015particles/kg fuel depending on engine load and fuel type. In addition, significant reductions in both the SO2and PM EIs were observed for the use of the FT fuel. These reductions were on the order of ∼90% for SO2and particle mass EIs and ∼60% for the particle number EI, with similar decreases observed for black carbon. Also, the size of the particles generated by JP-8 combustion are noticeably larger than those emitted by the APU burning the FT fuel with the geometric mean diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm depending on engine load and fuel type. Finally, both particle-bound sulfate and organics were reduced during FT-2 combustion. The PM sulfate was reduced by nearly 100% due to lack of sulfur in the fuel, with the PM organics reduced by a factor of ∼5 as compared with JP-8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel
KW  - CARBON
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85101565; Kinsey, John S. 1 Timko, Michael T. 2 Herndon, Scott C. 2 Wood, Ezra C. 2 Yu, Zhenhong 2 Miake-Lye, Richard C. 2 Lobo, Prem 3 Whitefield, Philip 3 Hagen, Donald 3 Wey, Changlie 4 Anderson, Bruce E. 5 Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 5 Hudgins, Charles H. 6 Thornhill, K. Lee 6 Winstead, Edward 6 Howard, Robert 7 Bulzan, Dan I. 8 Tacina, Kathleen B. 8 Knighton, W. Berk 9; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA  2: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, USA  3: Center of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA  4: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  7: Aerospace Testing Alliance, Arnold Air Force Base, TN, USA  8: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  9: Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 62 Issue 4, p420; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10473289.2012.655884
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen, Nhan T.
T1  - Optimal control modification for robust adaptive control with large adaptive gain
JO  - Systems & Control Letters
JF  - Systems & Control Letters
Y1  - 2012/04//
VL  - 61
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 485
EP  - 494
SN  - 01676911
AB  - Abstract: In the presence of large uncertainties, a control system needs to be able to adapt rapidly to regain performance. Fast adaptation is referred to the implementation of adaptive control with a large adaptive gain so as to reduce the tracking error rapidly. However, a large adaptive gain can lead to high-frequency oscillations which can adversely affect robustness. A new adaptive law, called optimal control modification, is presented that can achieve robust adaptation with a large adaptive gain without incurring high-frequency oscillations. The modification is based on a minimization of the norm of the tracking error bounded away from some lower bound, formulated as an optimal control problem. The optimality condition is used to derive the modification based on the Pontryagin’s Minimum Principle. The optimal control modification is shown to improve robustness of the standard MRAC without significantly compromising the tracking performance. Flight control simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the new adaptive law. A series of recent, successful flight tests of this adaptive law on a NASA F/A-18A aircraft at NASA Dryden Flight Research Center further demonstrate the effectiveness of the optimal control modification adaptive law. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Systems & Control Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - ADAPTIVE control systems
KW  - UNCERTAINTY
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Adaptive control
KW  - Flight control
KW  - Optimal control
N1  - Accession Number: 74095409; Nguyen, Nhan T. 1; Email Address: Nhan.T.Nguyen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 61 Issue 4, p485; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE control systems; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flight control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal control; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sysconle.2012.01.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Magin, Thierry E.
AU  - Panesi, Marco
AU  - Bourdon, Anne
AU  - Jaffe, Richard L.
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
T1  - Coarse-grain model for internal energy excitation and dissociation of molecular nitrogen
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2012/04/04/
VL  - 398
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 95
SN  - 03010104
AB  - Abstract: A rovibrational collisional coarse-grain model has been developed to reduce a detailed mechanism for the internal energy excitation and dissociation processes behind a strong shockwave in a nitrogen flow. The rovibrational energy levels of the electronic ground state of the nitrogen molecule were lumped into a smaller number of bins. The reaction rate coefficients of an ab initio database developed at NASA Ames Research Center were averaged for each bin based on a uniform distribution of the energy levels within the bin. The results were obtained by coupling the Master equation for the reduced mechanism with a one-dimensional flow solver for conditions expected for reentry into Earth’s atmosphere at 10km/s. The coarse-grain collisional model developed allow us to describe accurately the internal energy relaxation and dissociation processes based on a smaller number of equations, as opposed to existing reduced models assuming thermal equilibrium between the rotational and translational energy modes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLISIONAL excitation
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - Atmospheric entries
KW  - Chemical mechanism reduction
KW  - Dissociation
KW  - Nitrogen flows
KW  - Rovibrational energy excitation
N1  - Accession Number: 75186908; Magin, Thierry E. 1; Email Address: magin@vki.ac.be Panesi, Marco 2 Bourdon, Anne 3 Jaffe, Richard L. 4 Schwenke, David W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Aeronautics and Aerospace Department, von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Chaussée de Waterloo 72, 1640 Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium  2: Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 201 E. 24th Street, Austin, TX 78712, USA  3: EM2C Laboratory, CNRS UPR 288 – Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 398, p90; Subject Term: COLLISIONAL excitation; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: GAS flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric entries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical mechanism reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissociation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rovibrational energy excitation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2011.10.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BUEHLER, R.
AU  - SCARGLE, J. D.
AU  - BLANDFORD, R. D.
AU  - BALDINI, L.
AU  - BARING, M. G.
AU  - BELFIORE, A.
AU  - CHARLES, E.
AU  - J. CHIANG
AU  - D'AMMANDO, F.
AU  - DERMER, C. D.
AU  - FUNK, S.
AU  - GROVE, J. E.
AU  - HARDING, A. K.
AU  - HAYS, E.
AU  - KERR, M.
AU  - MASSARO, F.
AU  - MAZZIOTTA, M. N.
AU  - ROMANI, R. W.
AU  - PARKINSON, P. M. SAZ
AU  - TENNANT, A. F.
T1  - GAMMA-RAY ACTIVITY IN THE CRAB NEBULA: THE EXCEPTIONAL FLARE OF 2011 APRIL.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/04/10/
VL  - 749
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi satellite observed a gamma-ray flare in the Crab Nebula lasting for approximately nine days in April of 2011. The source, which at optical wavelengths has a size of ≈11 lt-yr across, doubled its gamma-ray flux within eight hours. The peak photon flux was (186 ± 6) x 10-7 cm-2 s-1 above 100 MeV, which corresponds to a 30-fold increase compared to the average value. During the flare, a new component emerged in the spectral energy distribution, which peaked at an energy of (375 ± 26) MeV at flare maximum. The observations imply that the emission region was likely relativistically beamed toward us and that variations in its motion are responsible for the observed spectral variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - STARS
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - PULSARS
KW  - gamma rays: stars
KW  - ISM: supernova remnants
KW  - magnetic reconnection
KW  - magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
KW  - pulsars: individual (Crab)
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
N1  - Accession Number: 89936399; BUEHLER, R. 1; Email Address: buehler@stanford.edu SCARGLE, J. D. 2; Email Address: Jeffrey.D.Scargle@nasa.gov BLANDFORD, R. D. 1; Email Address: rdb3@stanford.edu BALDINI, L. 3 BARING, M. G. 4 BELFIORE, A. 5,6,7 CHARLES, E. 1 J. CHIANG 1 D'AMMANDO, F. 8,9 DERMER, C. D. 10 FUNK, S. 1 GROVE, J. E. 10 HARDING, A. K. 11 HAYS, E. 11 KERR, M. 1 MASSARO, F. 1 MAZZIOTTA, M. N. 12 ROMANI, R. W. 1 PARKINSON, P. M. SAZ 5 TENNANT, A. F. 13; Affiliation:  1: W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  3: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy  4: Rice University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS-108, P.O. Box 1892, Houston, TX 77251, USA  5: Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, Department of Physics and Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy  7: INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, I-20133 Milano, Italy  8: IASF Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy  9: INAF-IRA Bologna, I-40129 Bologna, Italy  10: Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA  11: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  12: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy  13: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 749 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PULSARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma rays: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: supernova remnants; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic reconnection; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsars: individual (Crab); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/26
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHITSAZZADEH, SHADI
AU  - HOUDE, MARTIN
AU  - HILDEBRAND, ROGER H.
AU  - VAILLANCOURT, JOHN
T1  - CHARACTERIZATION OF TURBULENCE FROM SUBMILLIMETER DUST EMISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/04/10/
VL  - 749
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In this paper, we use our recent technique for estimating the turbulent component of the magnetic field to derive the structure functions of the unpolarized emission as well as that of the Stokes Q and U parameters of the polarized emission. The solutions for the structure functions to 350 μm SHARP polarization data of OMC-1 allow the determination of the corresponding turbulent correlation length scales. The estimated values for these length scales are 9".4 ± 0".1, 7".3 ± 0".1, 12".6 ± 0".2 (or 20.5 ± 0.2, 16.0 ± 0.2, and 27.5 ± 0.4 mpc at 450 pc, the adopted distance for OMC-1) for the Stokes Q and U parameters, and for the unpolarized emission N, respectively. Our current results for Q and U are consistent with previous results obtained through other methods and may indicate presence of anisotropy in magnetized turbulence. We infer a weak coupling between the dust component responsible for the unpolarized emission N and the magnetic field B from the significant difference between their turbulent correlation length scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: magnetic fields
KW  - polarization
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 89936420; CHITSAZZADEH, SHADI 1,2 HOUDE, MARTIN 2,3 HILDEBRAND, ROGER H. 4,5 VAILLANCOURT, JOHN 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  3: Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  6: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 749 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/45
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GAUTIER III, THOMAS N.
AU  - CHARBONNEAU, DAVID
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
AU  - ISAACSON, HOWARD
AU  - TORRES, GUILLERMO
AU  - FRESSIN, FRANCOIS
AU  - ROGERS, LESLIE A.
AU  - DESERT, JEAN-MICHEL
AU  - BUCHHAVE, LARS A.
AU  - LATHAM, DAVID W.
AU  - QUINN, SAMUEL N.
AU  - CIARDI, DAVID R.
AU  - FABRYCKY, DANIEL C.
AU  - FORD, ERIC B.
AU  - GILLILAND, RONALD L.
AU  - WALKOWICZ, LUCIANNE M.
AU  - BRYSON, STEPHEN T.
AU  - COCHRAN, WILLIAM D.
AU  - ENDL, MICHAEL
T1  - KEPLER-20: A SUN-LIKE STAR WITH THREE SUB-NEPTUNE EXOPLANETS AND TWO EARTH-SIZE CANDIDATES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/04/10/
VL  - 749
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery of the Kepler-20 planetary system, which we initially identified through the detection of five distinct periodic transit signals in the Kepler light curve of the host star 2MASS J19104752+4220194. From high-resolution spectroscopy of the star, we find a stellar effective temperature Teff = 5455 ± 100 K, a metallicity of [Fe/H] = 0.01 ± 0.04, and a surface gravity of log g = 4.4 ± 0.1. We combine these estimates with an estimate of the stellar density derived from the transit light curves to deduce a stellar mass of M* = 0.912 ± 0.034 Mʘ and a stellar radius of R* = 0.944+0.060-0.095 Rʘ. For three of the transit signals, we demonstrate that our results strongly disfavor the possibility that these result from astrophysical false positives. We accomplish this by first identifying the subset of stellar blends that reproduce the precise shape of the light curve and then using the constraints on the presence of additional stars from high angular resolution imaging, photometric colors, and the absence of a secondary component in our spectroscopic observations. We conclude that the planetary scenario is more likely than that of an astrophysical false positive by a factor of 2x105 (Kepler-20b), 1x105 (Kepler-20c), and 1.1x10³ (Kepler-20d), sufficient to validate these objects as planetary companions. For Kepler-20c and Kepler-20d, the blend scenario is independently disfavored by the achromaticity of the transit: from Spitzer data gathered at 4.5µm, we infer a ratio of the planetary to stellar radii of 0.075 ± 0.015 (Kepler-20c) and 0.065 ± 0.011 (Kepler-20d), consistent with each of the depths measured in the Kepler optical bandpass. We determine the orbital periods and physical radii of the three confirmed planets to be 3.70 days and 1.91+0.12-0.21 R⊕ for Kepler-20b, 10.85 days and 3.07+0.20-0.31 R⊕ for Kepler-20c, and 77.61 days and 2.75+0.17-0.30 R⊕ for Kepler-20d. From multi-epoch radial velocities, we determine the masses of Kepler-20b and Kepler-20c to be 8.7 ± 2.2 M⊕ and 16.1 ± 3.5 M⊕, respectively, and we place an upper limit on the mass of Kepler-20d of 20.1 M⊕ (2s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - eclipses
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: individual (Kepler-20, KIC 6850504, 2MASS J19104752+4220194)
N1  - Accession Number: 89936387; GAUTIER III, THOMAS N. 1; Email Address: thomas.n.gautier@jpl.nasa.gov CHARBONNEAU, DAVID 2 ROWE, JASON F. 3 MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 4 ISAACSON, HOWARD 4 TORRES, GUILLERMO 2 FRESSIN, FRANCOIS 2 ROGERS, LESLIE A. 5 DESERT, JEAN-MICHEL 2 BUCHHAVE, LARS A. 6,7 LATHAM, DAVID W. 2 QUINN, SAMUEL N. 2 CIARDI, DAVID R. 8 FABRYCKY, DANIEL C. 9 FORD, ERIC B. 10 GILLILAND, RONALD L. 11 WALKOWICZ, LUCIANNE M. 12 BRYSON, STEPHEN T. 3 COCHRAN, WILLIAM D. 13 ENDL, MICHAEL 13; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark  7: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark  8: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  10: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA  11: Department of Astronomy, 525 Davey Lab, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  12: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  13: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 749 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: eclipses; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (Kepler-20, KIC 6850504, 2MASS J19104752+4220194); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/749/1/15
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Désert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Moorhead, Althea V.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Charbonneau, David
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
T1  - Transit timing observations from Kepler - III. Confirmation of four multiple planet systems by a Fourier-domain study of anticorrelated transit timing variations.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/04/11/
VL  - 421
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2342
EP  - 2354
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present a method to confirm the planetary nature of objects in systems with multiple transiting exoplanet candidates. This method involves a Fourier-domain analysis of the deviations in the transit times from a constant period that result from dynamical interactions within the system. The combination of observed anticorrelations in the transit times and mass constraints from dynamical stability allow us to claim the discovery of four planetary systems, Kepler-25, Kepler-26, Kepler-27 and Kepler-28, containing eight planets and one additional planet candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - FOURIER analysis
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - celestial mechanics
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 4349452
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 5792202
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 6949607
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 9757613
N1  - Accession Number: 74020681; Steffen, Jason H. 1 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 2 Ford, Eric B. 3 Carter, Joshua A. 4 Désert, Jean-Michel 4 Fressin, Francois 4 Holman, Matthew J. 4 Lissauer, Jack J. 5 Moorhead, Althea V. 1 Rowe, Jason F. 5,6 Ragozzine, Darin 4 Welsh, William F. 7 Batalha, Natalie M. 8 Borucki, William J. 5 Buchhave, Lars A. 9 Bryson, Steve 5 Caldwell, Douglas A. 5,6 Charbonneau, David 4 Ciardi, David R. 7 Cochran, William D. 10; Affiliation:  1: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, PO Box 500, MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  2: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USA  9: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  10: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78730, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 421 Issue 3, p2342; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 4349452; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 5792202; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 6949607; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 9757613; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 6 Charts, 25 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20467.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Som, Sanjoy M.
AU  - Catling, David C.
AU  - Harnmeijer, Jelte P.
AU  - Polivka, Peter M.
AU  - Buick, Roger
T1  - Air density 2.7 billion years ago limited to less than twice modern levels by fossil raindrop imprints.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/04/19/
VL  - 484
IS  - 7394
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 362
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - According to the 'Faint Young Sun' paradox, during the late Archaean eon a Sun approximately 20% dimmer warmed the early Earth such that it had liquid water and a clement climate. Explanations for this phenomenon have invoked a denser atmosphere that provided warmth by nitrogen pressure broadening or enhanced greenhouse gas concentrations. Such solutions are allowed by geochemical studies and numerical investigations that place approximate concentration limits on Archaean atmospheric gases, including methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen. But no field data constraining ground-level air density and barometric pressure have been reported, leaving the plausibility of these various hypotheses in doubt. Here we show that raindrop imprints in tuffs of the Ventersdorp Supergroup, South Africa, constrain surface air density 2.7 billion years ago to less than twice modern levels. We interpret the raindrop fossils using experiments in which water droplets of known size fall at terminal velocity into fresh and weathered volcanic ash, thus defining a relationship between imprint size and raindrop impact momentum. Fragmentation following raindrop flattening limits raindrop size to a maximum value independent of air density, whereas raindrop terminal velocity varies as the inverse of the square root of air density. If the Archaean raindrops reached the modern maximum measured size, air density must have been less than 2.3?kg?m?3, compared to today's 1.2?kg?m?3, but because such drops rarely occur, air density was more probably below 1.3?kg?m?3. The upper estimate for air density renders the pressure broadening explanation possible, but it is improbable under the likely lower estimates. Our results also disallow the extreme CO2 levels required for hot Archaean climates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARCHAEAN
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - METHANE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - RAINDROPS
KW  - FOSSILS
KW  - SOUTH Africa
N1  - Accession Number: 74436396; Som, Sanjoy M. 1 Catling, David C. 2 Harnmeijer, Jelte P. 3 Polivka, Peter M. 4 Buick, Roger 2; Affiliation:  1: 1] Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA [2] Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, Washington 98145, USA [3] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.  2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA  3: 1] Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA [2] Sustainable Community Energy Network, Edinburgh Centre for Low Carbon Innovation, Edinburgh EH8 9AA, UK  4: 1] Department of Earth and Space Sciences and Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1310, USA [2] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Source Info: 4/19/2012, Vol. 484 Issue 7394, p359; Subject Term: ARCHAEAN; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: RAINDROPS; Subject Term: FOSSILS; Subject Term: SOUTH Africa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature10890
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZEMCOV, M.
AU  - AGUIRRE, J.
AU  - BOCK, J.
AU  - BRADFORD, C. M.
AU  - CZAKON, N.
AU  - GLENN, J.
AU  - GOLWALA, S. R.
AU  - LUPU, R.
AU  - MALONEY, P.
AU  - MAUSKOPF, P.
AU  - MILLION, E.
AU  - MURPHY, E. J.
AU  - NAYLOR, B.
AU  - NGUYEN, H.
AU  - ROSENMAN, M.
AU  - SAYERS, J.
AU  - SCOTT, K. S.
AU  - ZMUIDZINAS, J.
T1  - HIGH SPECTRAL RESOLUTION MEASUREMENT OF THE SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT NULL WITH Z-Spec.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/04/20/
VL  - 749
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect spectrum crosses through a null where ΔTCMB = 0 near v0 = 217 GHz. In a cluster of galaxies, v0 can be shifted from the canonical thermal SZ effect value by corrections to the SZ effect scattering due to the properties of the inter-cluster medium. We have measured the SZ effect in the hot galaxy cluster RX J 1347.5-1145 with Z-Spec, an R ~ 300 grating spectrometer sensitive between 185 and 305 GHz. These data comprise a high spectral resolution measurement around the null of the SZ effect and clearly exhibit the transition from negative to positive ΔTCMB over the Z-Spec band. The SZ null position is measured to be v0 = 225.8 ± 2.5(stat.) ± 1.2(sys.) GHz, which differs from the canonical null frequency by 3.0σ and is evidence for modifications to the canonical thermal SZ effect shape. Assuming the measured shift in v0 is due only to relativistic corrections to the SZ spectrum, we place the limit kTe = 17.1 ± 5.3 keV from the zero-point measurement alone. By simulating the response of the instrument to the sky, we are able to generate likelihood functions in {y0, Te, vpec} space. For vpec = 0 km s-1, we measure the best-fitting SZ model to be y0 = 4.6-0.9+0.6 x 10-4, Te,0 = 15.2-7.4+12 keV. When vpec is allowed to vary, a most probable value of vpec = +450 ±810 km s-1 is found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - NULL hypothesis
KW  - cosmic background radiation
KW  - galaxies: clusters: individual (RX J1347.5-1145)
KW  - galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium
KW  - submillimeter: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 89964875; ZEMCOV, M. 1,2; Email Address: zemcov@caltech.edu AGUIRRE, J. 3 BOCK, J. 1,2 BRADFORD, C. M. 1,2 CZAKON, N. 1 GLENN, J. 4 GOLWALA, S. R. 1 LUPU, R. 3 MALONEY, P. 4 MAUSKOPF, P. 5 MILLION, E. 6 MURPHY, E. J. 7 NAYLOR, B. 1,2 NGUYEN, H. 1,2 ROSENMAN, M. 3 SAYERS, J. 1 SCOTT, K. S. 8 ZMUIDZINAS, J. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA  4: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, CASA 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3YB, UK  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, 206 Gallalee Hall Box 870324, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA  7: Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  8: North American ALMA Science Center, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22901, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 749 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: NULL hypothesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmic background radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: clusters: individual (RX J1347.5-1145); Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: submillimeter: galaxies; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/114
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scaringi, S.
AU  - Körding, E.
AU  - Uttley, P.
AU  - Knigge, C.
AU  - Groot, P. J.
AU  - Still, M.
T1  - The universal nature of accretion-induced variability: the rms-flux relation in an accreting white dwarf.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/04/21/
VL  - 421
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2854
EP  - 2860
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We report the discovery of a linear relationship between the root mean square (rms) variability amplitude and the mean flux in the accreting white dwarf binary system MV Lyrae. Our light curve, obtained with the Kepler satellite, spans 633 d with quasi-continuous 58.8-s cadence resolution. We show, for the first time, that how this cataclysmic variable displays linear rms-flux relations similar to those observed in many other black hole binaries, neutron star binaries and active galactic nuclei. The phenomenological similarity between the rms-flux relation observed here and in other X-ray binaries suggests a common physical origin for the broad-band variability, independent of source type, mass or size of the compact accretor. Furthermore, we infer the viscosity parameter, α, and disc scale height, H/ R, using two independent methods. In both cases, both values are found to be uncomfortably high to be accommodated by the disc instability model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - BLACK holes (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - ROOT-mean-squares
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - black hole physics
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: individual: MV Lyrae
KW  - stars: oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 74133404; Scaringi, S. 1 Körding, E. 1 Uttley, P. 2,3 Knigge, C. 2 Groot, P. J. 1 Still, M. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ  3: Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: Apr2012, Vol. 421 Issue 4, p2854; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: BLACK holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: ROOT-mean-squares; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: black hole physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: MV Lyrae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20512.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74133404&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciesla, Fred J.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - Organic Synthesis via Irradiation and Warming of Ice Grains in the Solar Nebula.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/04/27/
VL  - 336
IS  - 6080
M3  - Article
SP  - 452
EP  - 454
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Complex organic compounds, including many important to life on Earth, are commonly found in meteoritic and cometary samples, though their origins remain a mystery. We examined whether such molecules could be produced within the solar nebula by tracking the dynamical evolution of ice grains in the nebula and recording the environments to which they were exposed. We found that icy grains originating in the outer disk, where temperatures were less than 30 kelvin, experienced ultraviolet irradiation exposures and thermal warming similar to that which has been shown to produce complex organics in laboratory experiments. These results imply that organic compounds are natural by-products of protoplanetary disk evolution and should be important ingredients in the formation of all planetary systems, including our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry) -- Research
KW  - ICE
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
N1  - Accession Number: 75246080; Ciesla, Fred J. 1; Email Address: fciesla@uchicago.edu Sandford, Scott A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, 5734 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60430, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/27/2012, Vol. 336 Issue 6080, p452; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry) -- Research; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1217291
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75246080&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horneck, Gerda
AU  - Moeller, Ralf
AU  - Cadet, Jean
AU  - Douki, Thierry
AU  - Mancinelli, Rocco L.
AU  - Nicholson, Wayne L.
AU  - Panitz, Corinna
AU  - Rabbow, Elke
AU  - Rettberg, Petra
AU  - Spry, Andrew
AU  - Stackebrandt, Erko
AU  - Vaishampayan, Parag
AU  - Venkateswaran, Kasthuri J.
T1  - Resistance of Bacterial Endospores to Outer Space for Planetary Protection Purposes-Experiment PROTECT of the EXPOSE-E Mission.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 445
EP  - 456
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Spore-forming bacteria are of particular concern in the context of planetary protection because their tough endospores may withstand certain sterilization procedures as well as the harsh environments of outer space or planetary surfaces. To test their hardiness on a hypothetical mission to Mars, spores of Bacillus subtilis 168 and Bacillus pumilus SAFR-032 were exposed for 1.5 years to selected parameters of space in the experiment PROTECT during the EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station. Mounted as dry layers on spacecraft-qualified aluminum coupons, the 'trip to Mars' spores experienced space vacuum, cosmic and extraterrestrial solar radiation, and temperature fluctuations, whereas the 'stay on Mars' spores were subjected to a simulated martian environment that included atmospheric pressure and composition, and UV and cosmic radiation. The survival of spores from both assays was determined after retrieval. It was clearly shown that solar extraterrestrial UV radiation (λ≥110 nm) as well as the martian UV spectrum (λ≥200 nm) was the most deleterious factor applied; in some samples only a few survivors were recovered from spores exposed in monolayers. Spores in multilayers survived better by several orders of magnitude. All other environmental parameters encountered by the 'trip to Mars' or 'stay on Mars' spores did little harm to the spores, which showed about 50% survival or more. The data demonstrate the high chance of survival of spores on a Mars mission, if protected against solar irradiation. These results will have implications for planetary protection considerations. Key Words: Planetary protection-Bacterial spores-Space experiment-Simulated Mars mission. Astrobiology 12, 445-456. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACTERIAL spores
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 90251813; Horneck, Gerda 1 Moeller, Ralf 1 Cadet, Jean 2 Douki, Thierry 2 Mancinelli, Rocco L. 3 Nicholson, Wayne L. 4 Panitz, Corinna 5 Rabbow, Elke 1 Rettberg, Petra 1 Spry, Andrew 6 Stackebrandt, Erko 7 Vaishampayan, Parag 6 Venkateswaran, Kasthuri J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Radiation Biology Department, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany.  2: Laboratoire 'Lésions des Acides Nucléiques,' SCIB-UMR-E n°3 (CEA/UJF) Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie CEA/Grenoble, Grenoble, France.  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  4: Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Space Life Sciences Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA.  5: Institut für Flugmedizin, Technical University RWTH, Aachen, Germany.  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA.  7: German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ), Braunschweig, Germany.; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 12 Issue 5, p445; Subject Term: BACTERIAL spores; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0737
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251813&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Elsworth, Y. P.
AU  - Gruberbauer, M.
AU  - Guenther, D. B.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Basu, S.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Mullally, F.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Thompson, S. E.
T1  - Evolutionary influences on the structure of red-giant acoustic oscillation spectra from 600d of Kepler observations.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 541
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. It was recently discovered that the period spacings of mixed pressure/gravity dipole modes in red giants permit a distinction between the otherwise unknown evolutionary stage of these stars. The Kepler space mission is reaching continuous observing times long enough to also start studying the fine structure of the observed pressure-mode spectra. Aims. In this paper, we aim to study the signature of stellar evolution on the radial and pressure-dominated l = 2 modes in an ensemble of red giants that show solar-type oscillations. Methods. We use established methods to automatically identify the mode degree of l = 0 and 2 modes and measure the large (Δ νc) and small (Δν02) frequency separation around the central radial mode. We then determine the phase shift ϵc of the central radial mode, i.e. the linear offset in the asymptotic fit to the acoustic modes. Furthermore we measure the individual frequencies of radial modes and investigate their average curvature. Results. We find that ϵc is significantly different for red giants at a given Δ νc but which burn only H in a shell (RGB) than those that have already ignited core He burning. Even though not directly probing the stellar core the pair of local seismic observables (Δ νc, ϵc) can be used as an evolutionary stage discriminator that turned out to be as reliable as the period spacing of the mixed dipole modes.We find a tight correlation between ϵc and Δ νc for RGB stars and unlike less evolved stars we find no indication that ϵc depends on other properties of the star. It appears that the difference in ϵc between the two populations becomes smaller and eventually indistinguishable if we use an average of several radial orders, instead of a local, i.e. only around the central radial mode, large separation to determine the phase shift. This indicates that the information on the evolutionary stage is encoded locally, more precisely in the shape of the radial mode sequence. This shape turns out to be approximately symmetric around the central radial mode for RGB stars but asymmetric for core He burning stars. We computed radial mode frequencies for a sequence of red-giant models and find them to qualitatively confirm our findings. We also find that, at least in our models, the local Δ ν is an at least as good and mostly better proxy for both the asymptotic spacing and the large separation scaled from the model density than the average Δ v. Finally, we investigate the signature of the evolutionary stage on Δν02 and quantify the mass dependency of this seismic parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED giants
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: interiors
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - stars: oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 82907259; Kallinger, T. 1,2 Hekker, S. 3,4 Mosser, B. 5 De Ridder, J. 1 Bedding, T. R. 6 Elsworth, Y. P. 4 Gruberbauer, M. 7 Guenther, D. B. 7 Stello, D. 6 Basu, S. 8 García, R. A. 9 Chaplin, W. J. 6 Mullally, F. 10 Still, M. 11 Thompson, S. E. 10; Email Address: thomas.kallinger@ster.kuleuven.be; Affiliation:  1: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  2: Institute for Astronomy (IfA), University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria  3: Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek", University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands  4: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  5: LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW2006, Australia  7: Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Marys University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  8: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, PO Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  9: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS, Université Paris 7 Diderot, IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Bay Area Environmental Research Inst./NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 541, p1; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201218854
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82907259&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GHAVAMIAN, PARVIZ
AU  - LONG, KNOX S.
AU  - BLAIR, WILLIAM P.
AU  - SANGWOOK PARK
AU  - FESEN, ROBERT
AU  - GAENSLER, B. M.
AU  - HUGHES, JOHN P.
AU  - JEONGHEE RHO
AU  - WINKLER, P. FRANK
T1  - Spitzer IMAGING AND SPECTRAL MAPPING OF THE OXYGEN-RICH SUPERNOVA REMNANT G292.0+1.8.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 750
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present mid-infrared continuum and emission line images of the Galactic oxygen-rich supernova remnant (SNR) G292.0+1.8, acquired using the MIPS and IRS instruments on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The MIPS 24 µm and 70 µm images of G292.0+1.8 are dominated by continuum emission from a network of filaments encircling the SNR. The morphology of the SNR, as seen in the mid-infrared, resembles that seen in X-rays with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. Most of the mid-infrared emission in the MIPS images is produced by circumstellar dust heated in the non-radiative shocks around G292.0+1.8, confirming the results of earlier mid-IR observations with AKARI. In addition to emission from hot dust, we have also mapped atomic line emission between 14 µm and 36 µm using IRS spectral maps. The line emission is primarily associated with the bright oxygen-rich optical knots, but is also detected from fast-moving knots of ejecta. We confirm our earlier detection of 15-25 µm emission characteristic of magnesium silicate dust in spectra of the radiatively shocked ejecta. We do not detect silicon line emission from any of the radiatively shocked ejecta in the southeast of the SNR, possibly because the reverse shock has not yet penetrated most of the Si-rich ejecta in that region. This may indicate that G292.0+1.8 is less evolved in the southeast than the rest of the SNR, and may be further evidence in favor of an asymmetric SN explosion as proposed in recent X-ray studies of G292.0+1.8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - X-rays
KW  - ISM: individual objects (G2920+18)
KW  - ISM: kinematics and dynamics
KW  - ISM: supernova remnants
KW  - plasmas
KW  - shock waves
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 89964991; GHAVAMIAN, PARVIZ 1 LONG, KNOX S. 2 BLAIR, WILLIAM P. 3 SANGWOOK PARK 4 FESEN, ROBERT 5 GAENSLER, B. M. 6 HUGHES, JOHN P. 7 JEONGHEE RHO 8 WINKLER, P. FRANK 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA  2: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: Department of Physics, Box 19059, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, 6127 Wilder Lab, Hanover, NH 037355, USA  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A29, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Department of Physics, Middlebury College, McCardell Bicentennial Hall 526, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 750 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: X-rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects (G2920+18); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: kinematics and dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: supernova remnants; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: shock waves; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/39
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MARTIN, ANN M.
AU  - GIOVANELLI, RICCARDO
AU  - HAYNES, MARTHA P.
AU  - GUZZO, LUIGI
T1  - THE CLUSTERING CHARACTERISTICS OF Hi-SELECTED GALAXIES FROM THE 40% ALFALFA SURVEY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 750
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The 40% Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey catalog (α.40) of ~10,150 H I-selected galaxies is used to analyze the clustering properties of gas-rich galaxies. By employing the Landy-Szalay estimator and a full covariance analysis for the two-point galaxy-galaxy correlation function, we obtain the real-space correlation function and model it as a power law, ξ(r) = (r/ r0) -γ), on scales <10 h-1 Mpc. As the largest sample of blindly H I-selected galaxies to date, α.40 provides detailed understanding of the clustering of this population. We find γ = 1.51 ± 0.09 and r0 = 3.3 + 0.3, -0.2 h-1 Mpc, reinforcing the understanding that gas-rich galaxies represent the most weakly clustered galaxy population known; we also observe a departure from a pure power-law shape at intermediate scales, as predicted in ΛCDM halo occupation distribution models. Furthermore, we measure the bias parameter for the α.40 galaxy sample and find that H I galaxies are severely antibiased on small scales, but only weakly antibiased on large scales. The robust measurement of the correlation function for gas-rich galaxies obtained via the α.40 sample constrains models of the distribution of H I in simulated galaxies, and will be employed to better understand the role of gas in environmentally dependent galaxy evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RADIO waves
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - DENSITY wave theory
KW  - galaxies: clusters: general
KW  - galaxies: distances and redshifts
KW  - large-scale structure of universe
KW  - radio lines: galaxies
KW  - surveys
KW  - ARECIBO Observatory
N1  - Accession Number: 89964990; MARTIN, ANN M. 1,2; Email Address: ann.m.martin@nasa.gov GIOVANELLI, RICCARDO 2; Email Address: riccardo@astro.cornell.edu HAYNES, MARTHA P. 2; Email Address: haynes@astro.cornell.edu GUZZO, LUIGI 3; Email Address: luigi.guzzo@brera.inaf.it; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23618, USA  2: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  3: INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Milan, Italy; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 750 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RADIO waves; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: DENSITY wave theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: clusters: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: distances and redshifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale structure of universe; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio lines: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Company/Entity: ARECIBO Observatory; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/38
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89964990&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SAUMON, DIDIER
AU  - MARLEY, MARK S.
AU  - ABEL, MARTIN
AU  - FROMMHOLD, LOTHAR
AU  - FREEDMAN, RICHARD S.
T1  - NEW H2 COLLISION-INDUCED ABSORPTION AND NH3 OPACITY AND THE SPECTRA OF THE COOLEST BROWN DWARFS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 750
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present new cloudy and cloudless model atmospheres for brown dwarfs using recent ab initio calculations of the line list of ammonia (NH3) and of the collision-induced absorption of molecular hydrogen (H2). We compare the new synthetic spectra with models based on an earlier description of the H2 and NH3 opacities. We find a significant improvement in fitting the nearly complete spectral energy distribution of the T7p dwarf Gliese 570D and in near-infrared color-magnitude diagrams of field brown dwarfs. We apply these new models to the identification of NH3 absorption in the H-band peak of very late T dwarfs and the new Y dwarfs and discuss the observed trend in the NH3-H spectral index. The new NH3 line list also allows a detailed study of the medium-resolution spectrum of the T9/T10 dwarf UGPS J072227.51-054031.2 where we identify several specific features caused by NH3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - OPACITY (Optics)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - STARS
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - opacity
KW  - stars: atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 89965031; SAUMON, DIDIER 1; Email Address: dsaumon@lanl.gov MARLEY, MARK S. 2; Email Address: Mark.S.Marley@nasa.gov ABEL, MARTIN 3; Email Address: mabel@physics.utexas.edu FROMMHOLD, LOTHAR 3; Email Address: frommhold@physics.utexas.edu FREEDMAN, RICHARD S. 4,5; Email Address: freedman@darkstar.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Physics Department, University of Texas, Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: SETI Institute, 515 Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 750 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: OPACITY (Optics); Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: opacity; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/750/1/74
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89965031&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Min
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - Kulkarni, Sarika
AU  - Streets, David G.
AU  - Lu, Zifeng
AU  - Zhang, Qiang
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Kondo, Yutaka
AU  - Jimenez, Jose L.
AU  - Cubison, Michael J.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce
AU  - Wisthaler, Armin
T1  - Sectoral and geographical contributions to summertime continental United States (CONUS) black carbon spatial distributions
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 51
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 174
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: The sectoral and regional contributions from northern hemisphere anthropogenic and biomass burning emission sectors to black carbon (BC) distributions over the continental United States (CONUS) in summer 2008 are studied using the Sulfur Transport and dEposition Model (STEM). North American (NA) emissions heavily (>70% of total emissions) affect the BC levels from the surface to ∼5 km, while non-NA plumes compose more than half of the BC above ∼5 km. Among all sectors, NA and non-NA biomass burning, NA transportation and non-NA residential emissions are the major contributors. The sectoral contributions vary among ten regions defined by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA): NA anthropogenic emissions enhance northeastern US BC levels; biomass burning strongly impacts northern California and southeastern US; and the influence of extra-regional plumes is largest in the northwestern US but extends to eastern US. The mean contribution from non-NA sources to US surface BC is ∼0.05 μg m−3, with a maximum value of ∼0.11 μg m−3 in the northwestern US. The non-NA contributions to column BC are higher than to surface BC, ranging from 30% to 80%, depending on region. EPA region 8 is most sensitive to extra-regional BC, partially explaining the observed increasing BC trend there during the past decades associated with the increasing Asian BC emissions. Measurements from the June 24 DC-8 flight during the ARCTAS-CARB field campaign show that BC/(organic matter + nitrate + sulfate) mass ratios fairly well represent BC''s warming potential over southern California, which can be approximated by BC/(organic matter + sulfate) and BC/sulfate for plumes affected and unaffected by fires, respectively. The responses of BC/(organic matter + sulfate) and BC/sulfate to removing each emission sector are further discussed, indicating that mitigating NA transportation emissions has the highest potential for regional air quality and climate co-benefits. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON-black
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Statistics)
KW  - BIOMASS burning
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC transport
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - TRENDS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Black carbon
KW  - Sectoral and geographical contributions
KW  - Warming potential
N1  - Accession Number: 73339918; Huang, Min 1; Email Address: mhuang1@engineering.uiowa.edu Carmichael, Gregory R. 1 Kulkarni, Sarika 1 Streets, David G. 2 Lu, Zifeng 2 Zhang, Qiang 3 Pierce, R. Bradley 4 Kondo, Yutaka 5 Jimenez, Jose L. 6 Cubison, Michael J. 6 Anderson, Bruce 7 Wisthaler, Armin 8; Affiliation:  1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA  2: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA  3: Center for Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China  4: NOAA/NESDIS, Madison, WI, USA  5: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan  6: CIRES and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  8: University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 51, p165; Subject Term: CARBON-black; Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: BIOMASS burning; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC transport; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: TRENDS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Black carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sectoral and geographical contributions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Warming potential; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauer, R.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - McLinden, C. A.
AU  - Gordley, L. L.
AU  - Lotz, W.
AU  - Russell, J. M.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Ladstätter-Weiβenmayer, A.
AU  - Bovensmann, H.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
T1  - Validation of SCIAMACHY limb NO2 profiles using solar occultation measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1059
EP  - 1084
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study that validates the vertical distributions of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) retrieved from SCIAMACHY limb measurements of the scattered solar light using three different satellite instruments. It outlines the method of the study that discusses the retrieval algorithm and investigates the sensitivity of the SCIAMACHY NO2 limb retrieval. It notes the results of the study, which show the larger differences seen in the three satellite instruments.
KW  - NITROGEN dioxide
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 76592947; Bauer, R. 1; Email Address: ralf.bauer@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Rozanov, A. 1 McLinden, C. A. 2 Gordley, L. L. 3 Lotz, W. 1 Russell, J. M. 4 Walker, K. A. 5 Zawodny, J. M. 6 Ladstätter-Weiβenmayer, A. 1 Bovensmann, H. 1 Burrows, J. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany  2: Air Quality Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  3: GATS, Inc., Newport News, Virginia, USA  4: Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 5, p1059; Subject Term: NITROGEN dioxide; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-1059-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Martinez Fernandez, J.
AU  - Asthana, R.
AU  - Rico, J. Ramirez
T1  - Interfacial characterization of silicon nitride/silicon nitride joints brazed using Cu-base active metal interlayers
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 38
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2793
EP  - 2802
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Abstract: Silicon nitride/silicon nitride joints were vacuum brazed at 1317K for 5min and 30min using ductile Cu-base active metal interlayers. The joints were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An inhomogeneous Ti-rich reaction layer (∼2–3μm thick) formed in 5min at the Si3N4/braze interface. The inhomogeneity disappeared after brazing for 30min and was replaced with a compact and featureless reaction zone. TEM studies revealed fine grains in the reaction layer, and larger grains in the inner part of the joint interfaces. The joints were crack-free and presented features associated with plastic deformation, which indicated accommodation of strain associated with CTE mismatch. Electron Backscatter diffraction (EBSD) revealed a highly textured braze alloy interlayer and its crystallographic orientation was determined. The formation of additional phases at the joint interface during brazing is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - COPPER
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - VACUUM brazing
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - A. Joining
KW  - Active metal interlayer
KW  - B. Electron microscopy
KW  - B. Interfaces
KW  - D. Si3N4
N1  - Accession Number: 73526945; Singh, M. 1 Martinez Fernandez, J. 2; Email Address: martinez@us.es Asthana, R. 3 Rico, J. Ramirez 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada-ICMSE, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain  3: Department of Engineering & Technology, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 38 Issue 4, p2793; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: VACUUM brazing; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active metal interlayer; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Si3N4; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.11.050
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73526945&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - 2011 RFIC Symposium Mini-Special Issue Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 60
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1185
EP  - 1185
SN  - 00189480
AB  - In this article the author mentions that the papers included in the journal were originally presented at the IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium that was held in Baltimore, Maryland on June 5-10, 2011.
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - BALTIMORE (Md.)
KW  - MARYLAND
N1  - Accession Number: 74759692; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 60 Issue 5, p1185; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: BALTIMORE (Md.); Subject Term: MARYLAND; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2189285
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, John
AU  - Sommers, Bradley S.
AU  - Gucker, Sarah Nowak
AU  - Blankson, Isaiah M.
AU  - Adamovsky, Grigory
T1  - Perspectives on the Interaction of Plasmas With Liquid Water for Water Purification.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2012/05//5/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1
VL  - 40
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1311
EP  - 1323
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Plasma production or plasma injection in liquid water affords one the opportunity to nonthermally inject advanced oxidation processes into water for the purpose of purification or chemical processing. Such technology could potentially revolutionize the treatment of drinking water, as well as current methods of chemical processing through the elimination of physical catalysts. Presented here is an overview of current water treatment technology, its limitations, and the future, which may feature plasma-based advanced oxidation techniques. As such, this field represents an emerging and active area of research. The role that plasma-driven water chemistry can play in addressing emerging threats to the water supply is discussed using case study examples. Limitations of conventional plasma injection approaches include limited throughput capacity, electrode erosion, and reduced process volume. At the University of Michigan, we are investigating two potential approaches designed to circumvent such issues. These include direct plasma injection using an underwater DBD plasma jet and the direct production of plasmas in isolated underwater bubbles via a pulsed electric field. These approaches are presented here, along with the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA injection
KW  - PLASMA production
KW  - WATER purification
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
KW  - DRINKING water
KW  - WATER chemistry
KW  - Atmospheric pressure plasmas
KW  - Chemicals
KW  - high voltage techniques
KW  - organic compounds
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - plasma applications
KW  - plasma chemistry
KW  - Plasmas
KW  - Production
KW  - waste water
KW  - Wastewater
KW  - Water pollution
KW  - water pollution control
KW  - Water resources
N1  - Accession Number: 75125902; Foster, John 1 Sommers, Bradley S. 1 Gucker, Sarah Nowak 1 Blankson, Isaiah M. 2 Adamovsky, Grigory 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 5/1/2012 Part 1 Part 1, Vol. 40 Issue 5, p1311; Subject Term: PLASMA injection; Subject Term: PLASMA production; Subject Term: WATER purification; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: DRINKING water; Subject Term: WATER chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric pressure plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemicals; Author-Supplied Keyword: high voltage techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: organic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Production; Author-Supplied Keyword: waste water; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wastewater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: water pollution control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water resources; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2011.2180028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75125902&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, L.
AU  - Solá, F.
AU  - Xia, Z. H.
AU  - Yang, Y. Q.
T1  - Effect of amorphous carbon coatings on the mechanical behavior of silicon carbide nanowire.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 111
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 094306
EP  - 094306-5
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Silicon carbide nanowires (NWs) are promising candidates for structural applications owing to their excellent mechanical, thermal, and electronic properties. The effect of amorphous carbon coatings on the mechanical behavior of the nanowires was studied via molecular dynamics methods at room temperature. The results show that the amorphous carbon coatings can shield opening cracks on silicon carbide nanowires, making them damage-tolerant. With increasing the defect size, the tensile strength and fracture energy of uncoated silicon carbide nanowires rapidly decrease; however, the properties of coated nanowires maintain nearly constant. Increasing the coating thickness leads to a brittle-to-ductile transition for the nanowires. Careful tailoring of the coatings permits engineering of these nanostructures for higher strength and damage tolerance at submicron scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMORPHOUS carbon
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - ELECTRIC properties
N1  - Accession Number: 75230927; Li, L. 1,2 Solá, F. 3 Xia, Z. H. 1 Yang, Y. Q. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203,  2: School of Materials, Northwestern Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710072,  3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135,; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 111 Issue 9, p094306; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS carbon; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: ELECTRIC properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4711090
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Kleb, Bil
T1  - Uncertainty Analysis of Air Radiation for Lunar-Return Shock Layers.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/05//May/Jun2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 425
EP  - 434
SN  - 00224650
AB  - By leveraging a new uncertainty markup technique, two risk analysis methods are used to compute the uncertainty of lunar-return shock-layer radiation predicted by the High-temperature Aerothermodynamic Radiation Algorithm (HARA). The effects of epistemic uncertainty, or uncertainty due to a lack of knowledge, are considered for the following modeling parameters: atomic-line oscillator strengths, atomic-line Stark broadening widths, atomic photoionization cross sections, negative-ion photodetachment cross sections, molecular-band oscillator strengths, and electron-impact excitation rates. First, a simplified shock-layer problem consisting of two constant-property equilibrium layers is considered. The results of this simplified problem show that the atomic-nitrogen oscillator strengths and Stark broadening widths in both the vacuum ultraviolet and infrared spectral regions, along with the negative-ion continuum, are the dominant uncertainty contributors. Next, three variable-property stagnation-line shock-layer cases are analyzed: a typical lunar-return case and two Fire II entry-vehicle cases. For the near-equilibrium lunar-return and Fire 1643 s cases, the resulting uncertainties are similar to the simplified case. Conversely, the relatively nonequilibrium 1636 s case shows significantly larger influence from electron-impact excitation rates of both atoms and molecules. For all cases, the total uncertainty in radiative heat flux to the wall due to epistemic uncertainty in modeling parameters is ±30% as opposed to the erroneously small uncertainty levels (±6%) found when treating model parameter uncertainties as aleatory (due to chance) instead of epistemic (due to lack of knowledge). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
N1  - Accession Number: 76599126; Johnston, Christopher O. 1 Kleb, Bil 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2012, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p425; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32161
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
T1  - Blunt-Body Entry Vehicle Aerothermodynamics: Transition and Turbulent Heating.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/05//May/Jun2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 449
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Recent, current, and planned NASA missions that employ blunt-body entry vehicles pose aerothermodyamic problems that challenge state-of-the-art experimental and computational methods. The issues of boundary-layer transition and turbulent heating on the heat shield have become important in the designs of both the Mars Science Laboratory and Crew Exploration Vehicle. While considerable experience in these general areas exists, that experience is mainly derived from simple geometries; e.g., sharp-cones and flat-plates, or from lifting bodies such as the Space Shuttle Orbiter. For blunt-body vehicles, application of existing data, correlations, and comparisons is questionable because an all, or mostly, subsonic flowfield is produced behind the bow shock, as compared with the supersonic (or even hypersonic) flow of other configurations. Because of the need for design and validation data for projects such as Mars Science Laboratory and Crew Exploration Vehicle, many new experimental studies have been conducted in the last decade to obtain detailed boundary-layer transition and turbulent heating data on this class of vehicle. In this paper, details of several of the test programs are reviewed. The laminar and turbulent data from these various test are shown to correlate in terms of edge-based Stanton and Reynolds number functions. Correlations are developed from the data for transition onset and turbulent heating augmentation as functions of momentum thickness Reynolds number. These correlations can be employed as engineering-level design and analysis tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - TURBULENT heat transfer
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - ENGINEERING mathematics
N1  - Accession Number: 76599127; Hollis, Brian R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2012, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p435; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TURBULENT heat transfer; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: ENGINEERING mathematics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.51864
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DellaCorte, Christopher
T1  - Oil-Free shaft support system rotordynamics: Past, present and future challenges and opportunities
JO  - Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing
JF  - Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 29
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 76
SN  - 08883270
AB  - Abstract: Recent breakthroughs in Oil-Free technologies have enabled new high-speed rotor systems and turbomachinery. Such technologies can include compliant-surface gas bearings, magnetic bearings and advanced solid lubricants and tribo-materials. This presentation briefly reviews critical technology developments and the current state-of-the-art, emerging Oil-Free rotor systems and discusses obstacles preventing more widespread use. Key examples of “best practices” for deploying Oil-Free technologies will be presented and remaining major technical questions surrounding Oil-Free technologies will be brought forward. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAFTING -- Dynamics
KW  - LUBRICATION & lubricants
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - ROTORS -- Dynamics
KW  - GAS-lubricated bearings
KW  - TRIBOLOGY
KW  - MAGNETIC bearings
KW  - Foil bearings
KW  - Hybrid foil-magnetic bearings
KW  - Oil-Free turbomachinery
KW  - Rotordynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 73985138; DellaCorte, Christopher 1; Email Address: Christopher.Dellacorte@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 29, p67; Subject Term: SHAFTING -- Dynamics; Subject Term: LUBRICATION & lubricants; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: GAS-lubricated bearings; Subject Term: TRIBOLOGY; Subject Term: MAGNETIC bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Foil bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid foil-magnetic bearings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil-Free turbomachinery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotordynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ymssp.2011.07.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science - XV: John Wood.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 903
EP  - 915
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - John Wood (Fig. 1) was trained in Geology at Virginia Tech and M.I.T. To fulfill a minor subject requirement at M.I.T., he studied astronomy at Harvard, taking courses with Fred Whipple and others. Disappointed at how little was known in the 1950s about the origin of the earth, he seized an opportunity to study a set of thin sections of stony meteorites, on the understanding that these might shed light on the topic. This study became his Ph.D. thesis. He recognized that chondrites form a metamorphic sequence, and that idea proved surprisingly hard to sell. After brief service in the Army and a year at Cambridge University, John served for 3 years as a research associate with Ed Anders at the University of Chicago. He then returned to the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he spent the remainder of his career. At Chicago, he investigated the formation of the Widmanstätten structure, and found that the process informs us of the cooling rates of iron meteorites. Back in Cambridge, he collaborated with W. R. Van Schmus on a chondrite classification that incorporates metamorphic grade, and published on metal grains in chondrites, before becoming absorbed by preparations for the return of lunar samples by the Apollo astronauts. His group's work on Apollo samples helped to establish the character of the lunar crust, and the need for a magma ocean to form it. Wood served as President of the Meteoritical Society in 1971-72 and received the Leonard Medal in 1978. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - MOON
KW  - METAMORPHISM (Geology)
KW  - INTERVIEWS
KW  - CRUST
KW  - WOOD, John -- Interviews
N1  - Accession Number: 75408887; SEARS, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p903; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: METAMORPHISM (Geology); Subject Term: INTERVIEWS; Subject Term: CRUST; People: WOOD, John -- Interviews; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01349.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science - XVII: Joseph Goldstein.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Interview
SP  - 916
EP  - 926
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - In this interview, Joseph Goldstein (Fig. 1) recounts how he became interested in meteorites during his graduate studies working with Robert Ogilvie at MIT. By matching the Ni profiles observed across taenite fields in the Widmanstätten structure of iron meteorites with profiles he computed numerically he was able to determine cooling rates as the meteorites cooled through 650-400 °C. Upon graduating, he worked with a team of meteorite researchers led by Lou Walter at Goddard Space Flight Center where for 4 years he attempted to understand metallographic structures by reproducing them in the laboratory. Preferring an academic environment, Joe accepted a faculty position in the rapidly expanding metallurgy department at Lehigh University where he was responsible for their new electron microprobe. He soon became involved in studying the metal from lunar soils and identifying the metallic component from its characteristic iron and nickel compositions. Over the next two decades he refined these studies of Ni diffusion in iron meteorites, particularly the effect of phosphorus in the process, which resulted in superior Fe-Ni-P phase diagrams and improved cooling rates for the iron meteorites. After a period as vice president for research at Lehigh, in 1993 he moved to the University of Massachusetts to serve as dean of engineering, but during these administrative appointments Joe produced a steady stream of scientific results. Joe has served as Councilor, Treasurer, Vice President, and President of the Meteoritical Society. He received the Leonard Medal in 2005, the Sorby Award in 1999, and the Dumcumb Award for in 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES -- Study & teaching
KW  - METALLOGRAPHIC specimens
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - IRON
KW  - GOLDSTEIN, Joseph -- Interviews
N1  - Accession Number: 75408880; SEARS, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p916; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: METALLOGRAPHIC specimens; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: IRON; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; People: GOLDSTEIN, Joseph -- Interviews; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Interview
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01358.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
AU  - Milanovic, I.
T1  - Control of a jet-in-cross-flow by periodically oscillating tabs.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 24
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 055107
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - A technique for active control of a jet-in-cross-flow (JICF) is explored in this study. Two triangular tabs are placed at the 90° and 270° edges of the jet orifice, relative to the direction of the cross-flow. An asymmetry in the placement of the two tabs is reversed periodically. This causes a profound oscillation of the flow field that persists as far downstream as permitted by the measurements in the facility (100 orifice diameters). Parametric dependence of the unsteadiness and its impact on the flow field is investigated. It is found that the effect becomes more pronounced with increasing value of the momentum flux ratio (J) while there is little or no effect in the range, J < 15. The effective frequencies of oscillation are low - more than an order of magnitude lower than that found with oscillatory blowing technique in previous studies. Flow visualization indicates that the oscillation has no impact on the 'wake vortices'. The kidney-shaped cross section of the JICF is seen to tilt side-to-side periodically. The flow mechanism apparently involves a direct perturbation of the counter-rotating streamwise vortex pair of the flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - FIELD theory (Physics)
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 76272951; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1 Milanovic, I. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135,  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hartford, West Hartford, Connecticut 06117,; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 24 Issue 5, p055107; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: FIELD theory (Physics); Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4719150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norbury, John W.
AU  - Miller, Jack
AU  - Adamczyk, Anne M.
AU  - Heilbronn, Lawrence H.
AU  - Townsend, Lawrence W.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
AU  - Guetersloh, Stephen B.
AU  - Zeitlin, Cary J.
T1  - Nuclear data for space radiation
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 47
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 363
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: Human space flight requires protecting astronauts from the harmful effects of space radiation. The availability of measured nuclear cross-section data needed for these studies is reviewed in the present paper. The energy range of interest for radiation protection is approximately 100 MeV/n–10 GeV/n. The majority of data are for projectile fragmentation partial and total cross-sections, including both charge changing and isotopic cross-sections. The cross-section data are organized into categories which include charge changing, elemental, isotopic for total, single and double differential with respect to momentum, energy and angle. Gaps in the data relevant to space radiation protection are discussed and recommendations for future experiments are made. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - RADIATION -- Safety measures
KW  - PROJECTILES
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - Heavy ion reactions
KW  - Nuclear data
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 74500932; Norbury, John W. 1; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov Miller, Jack 2; Email Address: miller@lbl.gov Adamczyk, Anne M. 3; Email Address: aadamczy@utk.edu Heilbronn, Lawrence H. 3; Email Address: lheilbro@utk.edu Townsend, Lawrence W. 3; Email Address: ltownsen@utk.edu Blattnig, Steve R. 1; Email Address: steve.r.blattnig@nasa.gov Norman, Ryan B. 1 Guetersloh, Stephen B. 4; Email Address: guetersloh@tamu.edu Zeitlin, Cary J. 5; Email Address: zeitlin@boulder.swri.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  4: Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 47 Issue 5, p315; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Safety measures; Subject Term: PROJECTILES; Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heavy ion reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2012.03.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Wooden, Diane
AU  - Ackermann, Robert
AU  - Acton, David
AU  - Backus, Peter
AU  - Bailey, Vanessa
AU  - Ball, Jesse
AU  - Barott, William
AU  - Blair, Samantha
AU  - Buie, Marc
AU  - Callahan, Shawn
AU  - Chanover, Nancy
AU  - Choi, Young-Jun
AU  - Conrad, Al
AU  - Coulson, Dolores
AU  - Crawford, Kirk
AU  - DeHart, Russell
AU  - Pater, Imke
AU  - Disanti, Michael
T1  - LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) Observation Campaign: Strategies, Implementation, and Lessons Learned.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 167
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 140
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - NASA's LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) mission was designed to explore the nature of previously detected enhanced levels of hydrogen near the lunar poles. The LCROSS mission impacted the spent upper stage of the launch vehicle into a permanently shadowed region of the lunar surface to create an ejecta plume. The resultant impact crater and plume were then observed by the LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft as well as a cadre of telescopes on the Earth and in space to determine the nature of the materials contained within the permanently shadowed region. The Shepherding Spacecraft then became a second impactor which was also observed by multiple assets. The LCROSS Observation Campaign was a key component of the LCROSS mission. The goal of the Observation Campaign was to realize the scientific benefits of extending the LCROSS observations to multiple ground and space-based assets. This paper describes the LCROSS Observation Campaign and provides an overview of the Campaign coordination and logistics as well as a summary of the observation techniques utilized at a multitude of observatories. Lessons learned from the LCROSS Observation Campaign are also discussed to assist with the planning of future unique observing events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - MOON
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Missions
KW  - Moon
KW  - Observations
KW  - Telescopes
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 76141190; Heldmann, Jennifer 1; Email Address: Jennifer.Heldmann@nasa.gov Colaprete, Anthony 1 Wooden, Diane 1 Ackermann, Robert 2 Acton, David 3 Backus, Peter 4 Bailey, Vanessa 5 Ball, Jesse 6 Barott, William 4 Blair, Samantha 4 Buie, Marc 7 Callahan, Shawn 8 Chanover, Nancy 9 Choi, Young-Jun 10 Conrad, Al 11 Coulson, Dolores 6 Crawford, Kirk 2 DeHart, Russell 12 Pater, Imke 13 Disanti, Michael 14; Affiliation:  1: Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  2: The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles USA  3: Raytheon Vision Systems, Goleta USA  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View USA  5: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson USA  6: Gemini Observatory, Hilo USA  7: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder USA  8: MMT Observatory, Tucson USA  9: Astronomy Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces USA  10: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348 South Korea  11: Keck Observatory, Mauna Kea USA  12: Honeywell Technology Solutions, Inc., Greenbelt USA  13: UC Berkeley, 601 Campbell Hall Berkeley USA  14: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 167 Issue 1-4, p93; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Telescopes; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-011-9759-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles
AU  - Lawson, John
T1  - Ab initio investigation of the structural stability and optical properties of low-density amorphous carbon doped with N, B, and Fe.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2012/05//
VL  - 131
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - The addition of iron or boron and/or nitrogen, up to 20 %, to amorphous carbon with a density of about 2.0 gm/cm was studied using density functional theory. The bulk cohesive energy decreases with increasing iron, nitrogen, or boron concentration. The decrease is largest for iron and smallest for boron. The trends in the bulk moduli are consistent with the cohesive energies. The optical properties (absorbance and reflectivity) of the samples with nitrogen and/or boron added are very similar to those of the original amorphous carbon. Addition of iron results in larger, energy dependent, changes when compared with either boron or nitrogen. The effect of dopants on low-density amorphous carbon shows some differences with those for higher density amorphous carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMORPHOUS carbon
KW  - STRUCTURAL stability
KW  - IRON
KW  - BORON
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - Amorphous carbon
KW  - Cohesive energy
KW  - DFT
KW  - Dopants
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 76172562; Bauschlicher, Charles 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Lawson, John 2; Email Address: John.W.Lawson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Entry Systems and Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: Thermal Protection Materials Branch, Mail Stop 234-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 131 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS carbon; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL stability; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amorphous carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dopants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-012-1228-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76172562&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matthews, Brenda C.
AU  - Vaillancourt, John E.
T1  - Recent developments in submillimeter polarimetry archives, the polarization spectrum and the interpretation of polarization data.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/05/02/
VL  - 1429
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 20
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the power of polarization maps in the submillimeter and millimeter in the past decade. This is made more remarkable by the dearth of new polarimetric facilities over the past 10 years and decommissioning of several long-standing instruments. In particular, we discuss recent work to establish the validity of the previously measured polarization spectrum in the submillimeter, and the enhanced analysis techniques presented in recent years for the interpretation of polarization position angle data without the need for models of the ordered field geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL models
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 74978747; Matthews, Brenda C. 1 Vaillancourt, John E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7,  2: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001; Source Info: 5/2/2012, Vol. 1429 Issue 1, p11; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL models; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3701894
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farassat, F.
AU  - Casper, J.
T1  - Broadband noise prediction when turbulence simulation is available—Derivation of Formulation 2B and its statistical analysis
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2012/05/07/
VL  - 331
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2203
EP  - 2208
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: We show that a simple modification of Formulation 1 of Farassat results in a new analytic expression that is highly suitable for broadband noise prediction when extensive turbulence simulation is available. This result satisfies all the stringent requirements, such as permitting the use of the exact geometry and kinematics of the moving body, which we have set as our goal in the derivation of useful acoustic formulas for the prediction of rotating blade and airframe noise. We also derive a simple analytic expression for the autocorrelation of the acoustic pressure that is valid in the near and far fields. Our analysis is based on the time integral of the acoustic pressure that can easily be obtained at any resolution for any observer time interval and digitally analyzed for broadband noise prediction. We have named this result as Formulation 2B of Farassat. One significant consequence of Formulation 2B is the derivation of the acoustic velocity potential for the thickness and loading terms of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) equation. This will greatly enhance the usefulness of the Fast Scattering Code (FSC) by providing a high-fidelity boundary condition input for scattering predictions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - NOISE
N1  - Accession Number: 72369362; Farassat, F. Casper, J. 1; Email Address: jay.h.casper@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 128, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 331 Issue 10, p2203; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: NOISE; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2011.07.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FABRYCKY, DANIEL C.
AU  - FORD, ERIC B.
AU  - STEFFEN, JASON H.
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - CARTER, JOSHUA A.
AU  - MOORHEAD, ALTHEA V.
AU  - BATALHA, NATALIE M.
AU  - BORUCKI, WILLIAM J.
AU  - BRYSON, STEVE
AU  - BUCHHAVE, LARS A.
AU  - CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE L.
AU  - CIARDI, DAVID R.
AU  - COCHRAN, WILLIAM D.
AU  - ENDL, MICHAEL
AU  - FANELLI, MICHAEL N.
AU  - FISCHER, DEBRA
AU  - FRESSIN, FRANCOIS
AU  - GEARY, JOHN
AU  - HAAS, MICHAEL R.
AU  - HALL, JENNIFER R.
T1  - TRANSIT TIMING OBSERVATIONS FROM KEPLER. IV. CONFIRMATION OF FOUR MULTIPLE-PLANET SYSTEMS BY SIMPLE PHYSICAL MODELS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/05/10/
VL  - 750
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Eighty planetary systems of two or more planets are known to orbit stars other than the Sun. For most, the data can be sufficiently explained by non-interacting Keplerian orbits, so the dynamical interactions of these systems have not been observed. Here we present four sets of light curves from the Kepler spacecraft, each which of shows multiple planets transiting the same star. Departure of the timing of these transits from strict periodicity indicates that the planets are perturbing each other: the observed timing variations match the forcing frequency of the other planet. This confirms that these objects are in the same system. Next we limit their masses to the planetary regime by requiring the system remain stable for astronomical timescales. Finally, we report dynamical fits to the transit times, yielding possible values for the planets' masses and eccentricities. As the timespan of timing data increases, dynamical fits may allow detailed constraints on the systems' architectures, even in cases for which high-precision Doppler follow-up is impractical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - SPACE vehicles research
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
KW  - stars: individual (KID 10358759/KOI-738/Kepler-29, KID 3832474/KOI-806/Kepler-30, KID 9347899/KOI-935/Kepler-31, KID 9787239/KOI-952/Kepler-32)
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 89965293; FABRYCKY, DANIEL C. 1; Email Address: daniel.fabrycky@gmail.com FORD, ERIC B. 2 STEFFEN, JASON H. 3 ROWE, JASON F. 4,5 CARTER, JOSHUA A. 6 MOORHEAD, ALTHEA V. 2 BATALHA, NATALIE M. 7 BORUCKI, WILLIAM J. 5 BRYSON, STEVE 8 BUCHHAVE, LARS A. 9,10 CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE L. 4,5 CIARDI, DAVID R. 11 COCHRAN, WILLIAM D. 12 ENDL, MICHAEL 12 FANELLI, MICHAEL N. 13 FISCHER, DEBRA 14,15 FRESSIN, FRANCOIS 6 GEARY, JOHN 6 HAAS, MICHAEL R. 5 HALL, JENNIFER R. 16; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA  3: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, P.O. Box 500, MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  8: 5 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  9: Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  10: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  11: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91126, USA  12: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin TX 78730, USA  13: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  14: Astronomy Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA  15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA  16: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 750 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles research; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (KID 10358759/KOI-738/Kepler-29, KID 3832474/KOI-806/Kepler-30, KID 9347899/KOI-935/Kepler-31, KID 9787239/KOI-952/Kepler-32); Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/114
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89965293&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FORD, ERIC B.
AU  - FABRYCKY, DANIEL C.
AU  - STEFFEN, JASON H.
AU  - CARTER, JOSHUA A.
AU  - FRESSIN, FRANCOIS
AU  - HOLMAN, MATTHEW J.
AU  - LISSAUER, JACK J.
AU  - MOORHEAD, ALTHEA V.
AU  - MOREHEAD, ROBERT C.
AU  - RAGOZZINE, DARIN
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - WELSH, WILLIAM F.
AU  - ALLEN, CHRISTOPHER
AU  - BATALHA, NATALIE M.
AU  - BORUCKI, WILLIAM J.
AU  - BRYSON, STEPHEN T.
AU  - BUCHHAVE, LARS A.
AU  - BURKE, CHRISTOPHER J.
AU  - CALDWELL, DOUGLAS A.
AU  - CHARBONNEAU, DAVID
T1  - TRANSIT TIMING OBSERVATIONS FROM KEPLER. II. CONFIRMATION OF TWO MULTIPLANET SYSTEMS VIA A NON-PARAMETRIC CORRELATION ANALYSIS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/05/10/
VL  - 750
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a new method for confirming transiting planets based on the combination of transit timing variations (TTVs) and dynamical stability. Correlated TTVs provide evidence that the pair of bodies is in the same physical system. Orbital stability provides upper limits for the masses of the transiting companions that are in the planetary regime. This paper describes a non-parametric technique for quantifying the statistical significance of TTVs based on the correlation of two TTV data sets. We apply this method to an analysis of the TTVs of two stars with multiple transiting planet candidates identified by Kepler. We confirm four transiting planets in two multiple-planet systems based on their TTVs and the constraints imposed by dynamical stability. An additional three candidates in these same systems are not confirmed as planets, but are likely to be validated as real planets once further observations and analyses are possible. If all were confirmed, these systems would be near 4:6:9 and 2:4:6:9 period commensurabilities. Our results demonstrate that TTVs provide a powerful tool for confirming transiting planets, including low-mass planets and planets around faint stars for which Doppler follow-up is not practical with existing facilities. Continued Kepler observations will dramatically improve the constraints on the planet masses and orbits and provide sensitivity for detecting additional non-transiting planets. If Kepler observations were extended to eight years, then a similar analysis could likely confirm systems with multiple closely spaced, small transiting planets in or near the habitable zone of solar-type stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - DYNAMICS -- Mathematical models
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
KW  - stars: individual (KIC 3231341, 11512246, KOI 168, 1102, Kepler-23, Kepler-24)
KW  - techniques: miscellaneous
N1  - Accession Number: 89965292; FORD, ERIC B. 1 FABRYCKY, DANIEL C. 2 STEFFEN, JASON H. 3 CARTER, JOSHUA A. 3 FRESSIN, FRANCOIS 4 HOLMAN, MATTHEW J. 4 LISSAUER, JACK J. 5 MOORHEAD, ALTHEA V. 1 MOREHEAD, ROBERT C. 1 RAGOZZINE, DARIN 4 ROWE, JASON F. 5,6 WELSH, WILLIAM F. 7 ALLEN, CHRISTOPHER 8 BATALHA, NATALIE M. 9 BORUCKI, WILLIAM J. 5 BRYSON, STEPHEN T. 5 BUCHHAVE, LARS A. 10,11 BURKE, CHRISTOPHER J. 5,6 CALDWELL, DOUGLAS A. 5,6 CHARBONNEAU, DAVID 4; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  2: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, P.O. Box 500, MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USA  8: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  10: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  11: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 750 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: DYNAMICS -- Mathematical models; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (KIC 3231341, 11512246, KOI 168, 1102, Kepler-23, Kepler-24); Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: miscellaneous; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/113
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89965292&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LISSAUER, JACK J.
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - BRYSON, STEPHEN T.
AU  - ADAMS, ELISABETH
AU  - BUCHHAVE, LARS A.
AU  - CIARDI, DAVID R.
AU  - COCHRAN, WILLIAM D.
AU  - FABRYCKY, DANIEL C.
AU  - FORD, ERIC B.
AU  - FRESSIN, FRANCOIS
AU  - GEARY, JOHN
AU  - GILLILAND, RONALD L.
AU  - HOLMAN, MATTHEW J.
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - JENKINS, JON M.
AU  - KINEMUCHI, KAREN
AU  - KOCH, DAVID G.
AU  - MOREHEAD, ROBERT C.
AU  - RAGOZZINE, DARIN
T1  - ALMOST ALL OF KEPLER'S MULTIPLE-PLANET CANDIDATES ARE PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/05/10/
VL  - 750
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a statistical analysis that demonstrates that the overwhelming majority of Kepler candidate multiple transiting systems (multis) indeed represent true, physically associated transiting planets. Binary stars provide the primary source of false positives among Kepler planet candidates, implying that false positives should be nearly randomly distributed among Kepler targets. In contrast, true transiting planets would appear clustered around a smaller number of Kepler targets if detectable planets tend to come in systems and/or if the orbital planes of planets encircling the same star are correlated. There are more than one hundred times as many Kepler planet candidates in multi-candidate systems as would be predicted from a random distribution of candidates, implying that the vast majority are true planets. Most of these multis are multiple-planet systems orbiting the Kepler target star, but there are likely cases where (1) the planetary system orbits a fainter star, and the planets are thus significantly larger than has been estimated, or (2) the planets orbit different stars within a binary/multiple star system. We use the low overall false-positive rate among Kepler multis, together with analysis of Kepler spacecraft and ground-based data, to validate the closely packed Kepler-33 planetary system, which orbits a star that has evolved somewhat off of the main sequence. Kepler-33 hosts five transiting planets, with periods ranging from 5.67 to 41 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE vehicles research
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 89965291; LISSAUER, JACK J. 1; Email Address: Jack.Lissauer@nasa.gov MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 2 ROWE, JASON F. 1,3 BRYSON, STEPHEN T. 1 ADAMS, ELISABETH 4 BUCHHAVE, LARS A. 5,6 CIARDI, DAVID R. 7 COCHRAN, WILLIAM D. 8 FABRYCKY, DANIEL C. 9 FORD, ERIC B. 10 FRESSIN, FRANCOIS 4 GEARY, JOHN 4 GILLILAND, RONALD L. 11 HOLMAN, MATTHEW J. 4 HOWELL, STEVE B. 1 JENKINS, JON M. 1,3 KINEMUCHI, KAREN 1,12 KOCH, DAVID G. 1 MOREHEAD, ROBERT C. RAGOZZINE, DARIN 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark  6: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  7: Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  9: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  10: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  11: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  12: Bay Area Environmental Institute, CA, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 750 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles research; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: ORBITS; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/112
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RADIGAN, JACQUELINE
AU  - JAYAWARDHANA, RAY
AU  - LAFRENIÈRE, DAVID
AU  - ARTIGAU, ÉTIENNE
AU  - MARLEY, MARK
AU  - SAUMON, DIDIER
T1  - LARGE-AMPLITUDE VARIATIONS OF AN L/T TRANSITION BROWN DWARF: MULTI-WAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF PATCHY, HIGH-CONTRAST CLOUD FEATURES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/05/10/
VL  - 750
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present multiple-epoch photometric monitoring in the J, H, and Ks bands of the T1.5 dwarf 2MASS J21392676+ 0220226 (2M2139), revealing persistent, periodic (P = 7.721±0.005 hr) variability with a peak-to-peak amplitude as high as 26% in the J band. The light curve shape varies on a timescale of days, suggesting that evolving atmospheric cloud features are responsible. Using interpolations between model atmospheres with differing cloud thicknesses to represent a heterogeneous surface, we find that the multi-wavelength variations and the near-infrared spectrum of 2M2139 can be reproduced by either (1) cool, thick cloud features sitting above a thinner cloud layer, or (2) warm regions of low condensate opacity in an otherwise cloudy atmosphere, possibly indicating the presence of holes or breaks in the cloud layer. We find that temperature contrasts between thick and thin cloud patches must be greater than 175 K and as high as 425 K. We also consider whether the observed variability could arise from an interacting binary system, but this scenario is ruled out. 2M2139 joins the T2.5 dwarf SIMP0136 discovered by Artigau and coworkers as the second L/T transition brown dwarf to display large-amplitude variability on rotational timescales, suggesting that the fragmentation of dust clouds at the L/T transition may contribute to the abrupt decline in condensate opacity and J-band brightening observed to occur over this regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - INTERPOLATION
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - stars: individual (2MASS J21392676+0220226)
KW  - stars: variables: general
N1  - Accession Number: 89965284; RADIGAN, JACQUELINE 1 JAYAWARDHANA, RAY 1 LAFRENIÈRE, DAVID 2 ARTIGAU, ÉTIENNE 2 MARLEY, MARK 3 SAUMON, DIDIER 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Room 101, Toronto M5S 3H4, Canada  2: Département de Physique and Observatoire du Mont Mégantic, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 750 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (2MASS J21392676+0220226); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: general; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/105
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huntzinger, D.N.
AU  - Post, W.M.
AU  - Wei, Y.
AU  - Michalak, A.M.
AU  - West, T.O.
AU  - Jacobson, A.R.
AU  - Baker, I.T.
AU  - Chen, J.M.
AU  - Davis, K.J.
AU  - Hayes, D.J.
AU  - Hoffman, F.M.
AU  - Jain, A.K.
AU  - Liu, S.
AU  - McGuire, A.D.
AU  - Neilson, R.P.
AU  - Potter, Chris
AU  - Poulter, B.
AU  - Price, David
AU  - Raczka, B.M.
AU  - Tian, H.Q.
T1  - North American Carbon Program (NACP) regional interim synthesis: Terrestrial biospheric model intercomparison
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2012/05/10/
VL  - 232
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 157
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Understanding of carbon exchange between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere can be improved through direct observations and experiments, as well as through modeling activities. Terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) have become an integral tool for extrapolating local observations and understanding to much larger terrestrial regions. Although models vary in their specific goals and approaches, their central role within carbon cycle science is to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms currently controlling carbon exchange. Recently, the North American Carbon Program (NACP) organized several interim-synthesis activities to evaluate and inter-compare models and observations at local to continental scales for the years 2000–2005. Here, we compare the results from the TBMs collected as part of the regional and continental interim-synthesis (RCIS) activities. The primary objective of this work is to synthesize and compare the 19 participating TBMs to assess current understanding of the terrestrial carbon cycle in North America. Thus, the RCIS focuses on model simulations available from analyses that have been completed by ongoing NACP projects and other recently published studies. The TBM flux estimates are compared and evaluated over different spatial (1°×1° and spatially aggregated to different regions) and temporal (monthly and annually) scales. The range in model estimates of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) for North America is much narrower than estimates of productivity or respiration, with estimates of NEP varying between −0.7 and 2.2PgCyr−1, while gross primary productivity and heterotrophic respiration vary between 12.2 and 32.9PgCyr−1 and 5.6 and 13.2PgCyr−1, respectively. The range in estimates from the models appears to be driven by a combination of factors, including the representation of photosynthesis, the source and of environmental driver data and the temporal variability of those data, as well as whether nutrient limitation is considered in soil carbon decomposition. The disagreement in current estimates of carbon flux across North America, including whether North America is a net biospheric carbon source or sink, highlights the need for further analysis through the use of model runs following a common simulation protocol, in order to isolate the influences of model formulation, structure, and assumptions on flux estimates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research
KW  - ECOLOGY -- Mathematical models
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - BIOLOGICAL productivity -- Measurement
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology) -- Measurement
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - NORTH America
KW  - Carbon fluxes
KW  - Intercomparison
KW  - North American Carbon Program
KW  - Regional
KW  - Terrestrial biospheric models
N1  - Accession Number: 74113773; Huntzinger, D.N. 1; Email Address: deborah.huntzinger@nau.edu Post, W.M. 2 Wei, Y. 2 Michalak, A.M. 3 West, T.O. 4 Jacobson, A.R. 5,6 Baker, I.T. 7 Chen, J.M. 8 Davis, K.J. 9 Hayes, D.J. 2 Hoffman, F.M. 2 Jain, A.K. 10 Liu, S. 11 McGuire, A.D. 12 Neilson, R.P. 13 Potter, Chris 14 Poulter, B. 15 Price, David 16 Raczka, B.M. 9 Tian, H.Q. 17; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth Science and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 5694, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-5694, United States  2: Earth Science Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States  3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford, CA, United States  4: Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, United States  5: NOAA Earth System Research Lab Global Monitoring Division, Boulder, CO, United States  6: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, United States  7: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States  8: Department of Geography and Program in Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  9: Department of Meteorology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States  10: Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States  11: United States Geologic Survey National Center for EROS, Sioux Falls, SD, United States  12: U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States  13: Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States  14: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States  15: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France  16: Northern Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada  17: Ecosystem Dynamics and Global Ecology Laboratory, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 232, p144; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry) -- Research; Subject Term: ECOLOGY -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL productivity -- Measurement; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology) -- Measurement; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: NORTH America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: North American Carbon Program; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial biospheric models; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.02.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Page, M. J.
AU  - Symeonidis, M.
AU  - Vieira, J. D.
AU  - Altieri, B.
AU  - Amblard, A.
AU  - Arumugam, V.
AU  - Aussel, H.
AU  - Babbedge, T.
AU  - Blain, A.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Boselli, A.
AU  - Buat, V.
AU  - Castro-Rodríguez, N.
AU  - Cava, A.
AU  - Chanial, P.
AU  - Clements, D. L.
AU  - Conley, A.
AU  - Conversi, L.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Dowell, C. D.
T1  - The suppression of star formation by powerful active galactic nuclei.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/05/10/
VL  - 485
IS  - 7397
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 216
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The old, red stars that constitute the bulges of galaxies, and the massive black holes at their centres, are the relics of a period in cosmic history when galaxies formed stars at remarkable rates and active galactic nuclei (AGN) shone brightly as a result of accretion onto black holes. It is widely suspected, but unproved, that the tight correlation between the mass of the black hole and the mass of the stellar bulge results from the AGN quenching the surrounding star formation as it approaches its peak luminosity. X-rays trace emission from AGN unambiguously, whereas powerful star-forming galaxies are usually dust-obscured and are brightest at infrared and submillimetre wavelengths. Here we report submillimetre and X-ray observations that show that rapid star formation was common in the host galaxies of AGN when the Universe was 2-6 billion years old, but that the most vigorous star formation is not observed around black holes above an X-ray luminosity of 1044 ergs per second. This suppression of star formation in the host galaxy of a powerful AGN is a key prediction of models in which the AGN drives an outflow, expelling the interstellar medium of its host and transforming the galaxy's properties in a brief period of cosmic time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - BLACK holes (Astronomy)
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL collapse
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 75126798; Page, M. J. 1 Symeonidis, M. 1 Vieira, J. D. 2 Altieri, B. 3 Amblard, A. 4 Arumugam, V. 5 Aussel, H. 6 Babbedge, T. 7 Blain, A. 8 Bock, J. 9 Boselli, A. 10 Buat, V. 10 Castro-Rodríguez, N. 11 Cava, A. 12 Chanial, P. 6 Clements, D. L. 7 Conley, A. 13 Conversi, L. 3 Cooray, A. 14 Dowell, C. D. 9; Affiliation:  1: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK  2: California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  3: Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28691 Madrid, Spain  4: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  5: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  6: Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu - CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, CE-Saclay, pt courrier 131, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  7: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK  9: 1] California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  10: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille cedex 13, France  11: 1] Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain [2] Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  12: Departamento de Astrofísica, Facultad de CC Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040 Madrid, Spain  13: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy 389-UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA  14: 1] California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA [2] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA; Source Info: 5/10/2012, Vol. 485 Issue 7397, p213; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: BLACK holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL collapse; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11096
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Roettenbacher, Rachael M.
T1  - Serendipitous Kepler observations of a background dwarf nova of SU UMa type.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/05/11/
VL  - 422
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1219
EP  - 1230
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We have discovered a dwarf nova (DN) of type SU UMa in Kepler data which is 7.0 arcsec from the G-type exoplanet survey target KIC 4378554. The DN appears as a background source in the pixel aperture of the foreground G star. We extracted only the pixels where the DN is present and observed the source to undergo five outbursts - one a superoutburst - over a time span of 22 months. The superoutburst was triggered by a normal outburst, a feature that has been seen in all DNe superoutbursts observed by Kepler. Superhumps during the superoutburst had a period of 1.842 ± 0.004 h, and we see a transition from disc-dominated superhump signal to a mix of disc and accretion stream impact. Predictions of the number of DNe present in Kepler data based on previously published space densities vary from 0.3 to 258. An investigation of the background pixel targets would lead to firmer constraints on the space density of DNe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - DWARF novae
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - G stars
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: dwarf novae
N1  - Accession Number: 74574370; Barclay, Thomas 1,2 Still, Martin 1,2 Jenkins, Jon M. 3 Howell, Steve B. 1 Roettenbacher, Rachael M. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-40, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  3: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Deptartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 830 Dennison Building, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 422 Issue 2, p1219; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: DWARF novae; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: G stars; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: dwarf novae; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20700.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pablo, Herbert
AU  - Kawaler, Steven D.
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Charpinet, S.
AU  - Hu, H.
AU  - Telting, J.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Baran, A. S.
AU  - Green, E. M.
AU  - Hermes, J. J.
AU  - Barclay, T.
AU  - O'Toole, S. J.
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Christiansen, Jessie L.
AU  - Kinemuchi, K.
T1  - Seismic evidence for non-synchronization in two close sdb+dM binaries from Kepler photometry.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/05/11/
VL  - 422
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1343
EP  - 1351
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We report on extended photometry of two pulsating subdwarf B (sdB) stars in close binaries. For both cases, we use rotational splitting of the pulsation frequencies to show that the sdB component rotates much too slowly to be in synchronous rotation. We use a theory of tidal interaction in binary stars to place limits on the mass ratios that are independent of estimates based on the radial velocity curves. The companions have masses below 0.26 M⊙. The pulsation spectra show the signature of high-overtone g-mode pulsation. One star, KIC 11179657, has a clear sequence of g modes with equal period spacings as well as several periodicities that depart from that trend. KIC 02991403 shows a similar sequence, but has many more modes that do not fit the simple pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - SEISMIC waves
KW  - HORIZONTAL branch stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - stars: horizontal branch
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - subdwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 74574418; Pablo, Herbert 1,2 Kawaler, Steven D. 1,2 Reed, M. D. 3 Bloemen, S. 2,4 Charpinet, S. 2,5 Hu, H. 2,6 Telting, J. 7 Østensen, R. H. 4 Baran, A. S. 1,3 Green, E. M. 8 Hermes, J. J. 9 Barclay, T. 10 O'Toole, S. J. 11 Mullally, Fergal 12 Kurtz, D. W. 13 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 2,14 Caldwell, Douglas A. 12 Christiansen, Jessie L. 12 Kinemuchi, K. 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  2: Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kohn Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  3: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, 901 S. National, Springfield, MO 65897, USA  4: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  5: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 14 Av. E. Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France  6: Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA  7: Nordic Optical Telescope, 38700 Santa Cruze de La Palma, Spain  8: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  10: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Anglo-Australian Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 422 Issue 2, p1343; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: SEISMIC waves; Subject Term: HORIZONTAL branch stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: horizontal branch; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: subdwarfs; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20707.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Wittiams, D. A.
AU  - Buczkowski, D. L.
AU  - Yingst, R. A.
AU  - Preusker, F.
AU  - Hiesinger, H.
AU  - Schmedemann, N.
AU  - Kneissl, T.
AU  - Vincent, J. B.
AU  - Blewett, D. T.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Carsenty, U.
AU  - Denevi, B. W.
AU  - De Sanctis, M. C.
AU  - Garry, W. B.
AU  - Keller, H. U.
AU  - Kersten, E.
AU  - Krohn, K.
AU  - J.-Y. Li
AU  - Marchi, S.
T1  - Vesta's Shape and Morphology.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/05/11/
VL  - 336
IS  - 6082
M3  - Article
SP  - 687
EP  - 690
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Vesta's surface is characterized by abundant impact craters, some with preserved ejecta blankets, large troughs extending around the equatorial region, enigmatic dark material, and widespread mass wasting, but as yet an absence of volcanic features. Abundant steep slopes indicate that impact-generated surface regolith is underlain by bedrock. Dawn observations confirm the large impact basin (Rheasilvia) at Vesta's south pole and reveal evidence for an earlier, underlying large basin (Veneneia). Vesta's geology displays morphological features characteristic of the Moon and terrestrial planets as well as those of other asteroids, underscoring Vesta's unique rote as a transitional solar system body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - NEAR-earth asteroids -- Exploration
KW  - IMPACT craters
KW  - SPACE vehicles research
KW  - ASTROGEOLOGY
KW  - VESTA (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 76109031; Jaumann, R. 1,2; Email Address: ralf.jaumann@dlr.de Wittiams, D. A. 3 Buczkowski, D. L. 4 Yingst, R. A. 5 Preusker, F. 1 Hiesinger, H. 6 Schmedemann, N. 2 Kneissl, T. 2 Vincent, J. B. 7 Blewett, D. T. 4 Buratti, B. J. 8 Carsenty, U. 1 Denevi, B. W. 4 De Sanctis, M. C. 9 Garry, W. B. 5 Keller, H. U. 10 Kersten, E. 1 Krohn, K. 1 J.-Y. Li 11 Marchi, S. 12; Affiliation:  1: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Berlin, Germany  2: Freie Universität Berlin, Planetary Sciences, Germany  3: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  4: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  5: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  6: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany  7: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Roma, Italy  10: Universität Braunschweig, Germany  11: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  12: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lunar Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: 5/11/2012, Vol. 336 Issue 6082, p687; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Subject Term: NEAR-earth asteroids -- Exploration; Subject Term: IMPACT craters; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles research; Subject Term: ASTROGEOLOGY; Subject Term: VESTA (Asteroid); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1219122
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grigoryan, E.N.
AU  - Anton, H.J.
AU  - Poplinskaya, V.A.
AU  - Aleinikova, K.S.
AU  - Domaratskaya, E.I.
AU  - Novikova, Y.P.
AU  - Almeida, E.
T1  - Signs of Müller cell gliotic response found in the retina of newts exposed to real and simulated microgravity
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2012/05/15/
VL  - 49
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1465
EP  - 1471
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The effects of real and simulated microgravity on the eye tissue regeneration of newts were investigated. For the first time changes in Müller glial cells in the retina of eyes regenerating after retinal detachment were detected in newts exposed to clinorotation. The cells divided, were hypertrophied, and their processes were thickened. Such changes suggested reactive gliosis and were more significant in animals exposed to rotation when compared with desk-top controls. Later experiments onboard the Russian biosatellite Bion-11 showed similar changes in the retinas that were regenerating in a two-week spaceflight. In the Bion-11 animals, GFAP, the major structural protein of retinal macroglial cells, was found to be upregulated. In a more recent experiment onboard Foton-M3 (2007), GFAP expression in retinas of space-flown, ground control (kept at 1 g), and basal control (sacrificed on launch day) newts was quantified, using microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and digital image analysis. A low level of immunoreactivity was observed in basal controls. In contrast, retinas of space-flown animals showed greater GFAP immunoreactivity associated with both an increased cell number and a higher thickness of intermediate filaments. This, in turn, was accompanied by up-regulation of stress protein (HSP90) and growth factor (FGF2) expressions. It can be postulated that such a response of Müller cells was to mitigate the retinal stress in newts exposed to microgravity. Taken together, the data suggest that the retinal population of macroglial cells could be sensitive to gravity changes and that in space it can react by enhancing its neuroprotective function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEWTS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - NEUROGLIA
KW  - RETINA
KW  - IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - Gliosis
KW  - Müller cells
KW  - Newt
KW  - Retina
KW  - Simulated microgravity
KW  - Spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 74097084; Grigoryan, E.N. 1; Email Address: e.grigoryan@hotmail.com Anton, H.J. 2; Email Address: aez34@uni-koeln.de Poplinskaya, V.A. 1 Aleinikova, K.S. 1 Domaratskaya, E.I. 1 Novikova, Y.P. 1 Almeida, E. 3; Email Address: e.almeida@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Kol’tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, RAS, Vavilov str. 26, 119991 Moscow, Russia  2: Institute of Zoology, Cologne University, Weyertal 119, D 50923 Köln, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 49 Issue 10, p1465; Subject Term: NEWTS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: NEUROGLIA; Subject Term: RETINA; Subject Term: IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: GENE expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gliosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Müller cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Newt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Retina; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulated microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.02.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Wei
AU  - Chin, Alan
AU  - Ye, Laura
AU  - Ning, C. Z.
AU  - Yu, Hongbin
T1  - Charge transport and trap characterization in individual GaSb nanowires.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2012/05/15/
VL  - 111
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 104515
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Charge transport of unintentionally doped GaSb nanowires was studied through the fabrication and analysis of nanowire field effect transistors (FETs). In this work, both temperature dependent and voltage dependent measurements demonstrate various operating regimes, including a transition from linear current-voltage behavior at low bias to a space-charge limited current (SCLC) at large bias. Analysis of the voltage and temperature variation in the SCLC regime provided quantitative information about the trap energy distribution in the nanowires, which, after thermal annealing, has been shown to reduce from 0.26 eV to 0.12 eV. The measurements also indicate that the GaSb nanowire FETs exhibit n-type behavior, which is likely due to oxygen impurities in the nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - PHOTONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 76273120; Xu, Wei 1 Chin, Alan 2 Ye, Laura 2 Ning, C. Z. 1,2 Yu, Hongbin 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6206,  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 111 Issue 10, p104515; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: PHOTONICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4720080
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76273120&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdul-Aziz, Ali
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T
T1  - Modeling of thermal residual stress in environmental barrier coated fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2012/05/15/
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1218
SN  - 00219983
AB  - For SiC/SiC composites to replace metallic materials in future turbine engines, prime reliant environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) are required. However, due to the mismatch in thermal expansion and elastic modulus between the substrate and the coating, thermal residual stresses are generated in the coating after processing as well as during exposure to turbine engine operating conditions. The nature and magnitude of the thermal stresses will have a profound effect on the durability and reliability of the EBC. To estimate the magnitude of in-plane (x- and y-directions) and through-the-thickness (z-direction) thermal residual stresses in the coating, a finite element model (FEM) was developed. Using FEM, the residual stresses were predicted for three multilayered EBC systems considered for the SiC/SiC composites: (1) barium strontium aluminum silicate, (2) ytterbium disilicate, and (3) ytterbium monosilicate. Influence of thickness and modulus of the coating layer on the thermal residual stress were modeled. Results indicate that thermal residual stresses in the SiC/SiC composite substrate are compressive and in all the three coatings tensile. Further examination indicates that in the z-direction, tensile stresses in all three systems are negligible, but in-plane tensile stresses can be significant depending on the composition of the constituent layer and the distance from the substrate. Comparison of predicted thermal residual stresses in the three systems shows that the ytterbium monosilicate system has the highest stress (∼395 MPa), while the other two systems averaged about 80 MPa in one of the coating layers. A parametric analysis conducted indicates that lowering the modulus of the coating can lower the thermal residual stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - YTTERBIUM
KW  - barium strontium aluminum silicate
KW  - BSAS
KW  - EBC
KW  - finite element
KW  - Mullite
KW  - residual stress
KW  - SiC/SiC composites
KW  - ytterbium disilicate
KW  - ytterbium monosilicate
N1  - Accession Number: 75166883; Abdul-Aziz, Ali 1 Bhatt, Ramakrishna T 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA, Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, USA ali.abdul-aziz-1@nasa.gov  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA, US Army Vehicle Technology Directorate, AMSRD-ARL-VT-SG, Cleveland, USA; Source Info: 5/15/2012, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p1211; Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: TENSILE strength; Subject Term: YTTERBIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: barium strontium aluminum silicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: BSAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: EBC; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mullite; Author-Supplied Keyword: residual stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiC/SiC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: ytterbium disilicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: ytterbium monosilicate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3402
L3  - 10.1177/0021998311414950
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75166883&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abadier, M.
AU  - Berechman, R.A.
AU  - Neudeck, P.G.
AU  - Trunek, A.J.
AU  - Skowronski, M.
T1  - Nucleation of 3C-SiC associated with threading edge dislocations during chemical vapor deposition
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2012/05/15/
VL  - 347
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 48
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to study the origin of a preferred nucleation site on the atomically flat 3C-SiC mesas leading to the formation of tetrahedral hillocks. The hillocks exhibit a “wedding cake” structure consisting of concentric triangular terraces with a step height of 0.25nm corresponding to the thickness of a single Si-C bilayer. KOH etching revealed the presence of a threading dislocation at the center of the hillock. Its Burgers vector was shown to lie in the basal plane with no component along the surface normal. It is argued that the strain fields around a threading edge dislocation make it a preferred nucleation site. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in metals
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - POTASSIUM hydroxide
KW  - A1. Terrace nucleation
KW  - A1. Threading edge dislocation
KW  - A3. Heteroepitaxy
KW  - B2. 3C-Silicon Carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 74501220; Abadier, M. 1 Berechman, R.A. 1 Neudeck, P.G. 2 Trunek, A.J. 3 Skowronski, M. 1; Email Address: mareks@cmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2012, Vol. 347 Issue 1, p45; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: POTASSIUM hydroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Terrace nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Threading edge dislocation; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Heteroepitaxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. 3C-Silicon Carbide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.03.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ngo-Duc, Tam
AU  - Singh, Karandeep
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Oye, Michael M.
T1  - Vertical ZnO nanowire growth on metal substrates.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2012/05/17/
VL  - 23
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - Vertical growth of ZnO nanowires is usually achieved on lattice-matched substrates such as ZnO or sapphire using various vapor transport techniques. Accomplishing this on silicon substrates requires thick ZnO buffer layers. Here we demonstrate growth of vertical ZnO nanowires on FeCrAl substrates. The pre-annealing prior to growth appears to preferentially segregate Al and O to the surface, thus leading to a self-forming, thin pseudo-buffer layer, which then results in vertical nanowire growth as on sapphire substrates. Metal substrates are more suitable and cheaper than others for applications in piezoelectric devices, and thin self-forming layers can also reduce interfacial resistance to electrical and thermal conduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ZINC oxide
KW  - SILICON
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC devices
N1  - Accession Number: 98022242; Ngo-Duc, Tam 1 Singh, Karandeep 1 Meyyappan, M. 1 Oye, Michael M. 1; Email Address: Michael.M.Oye@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology and UCSC/NASA-ARC Advanced Studies Laboratories, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/17/2012, Vol. 23 Issue 19, p1; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ZINC oxide; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/23/19/194015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, C.
AU  - Hinders, M.
T1  - 3D modeling of ultrasonic wave interaction with disbonds and weak bonds.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/05/18/
VL  - 1430
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 117
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Ultrasonic techniques, such as the use of guided waves, can be ideal for finding damage in the plate and pipe-like structures used in aerospace applications. However, the interaction of waves with real flaw types and geometries can lead to experimental signals that are difficult to interpret. 3-dimensional (3D) elastic wave simulations can be a powerful tool in understanding the complicated wave scattering involved in flaw detection and for optimizing experimental techniques. We have developed and implemented parallel 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique (3D EFIT) code to investigate Lamb wave scattering from realistic flaws. This paper discusses simulation results for an aluminum-aluminum diffusion disbond and an aluminum-epoxy disbond and compares results from the disbond case to the common artificial flaw type of a flat-bottom hole. The paper also discusses the potential for extending the 3D EFIT equations to incorporate physics-based weak bond models for simulating wave scattering from weak adhesive bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - NUMERICAL integration
KW  - DIFFUSION processes
N1  - Accession Number: 75344805; Leckey, C. 1 Hinders, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  2: Department of Applied Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187,; Source Info: 5/18/2012, Vol. 1430 Issue 1, p111; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL integration; Subject Term: DIFFUSION processes; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4716220
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75344805&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Simpson, John
AU  - Seebo, Jeffery P.
AU  - Powell, Jessica
T1  - High-resolution imaging with two-axis orthogonal magneto-resistive sensor based eddy current probe.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/05/18/
VL  - 1430
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 366
EP  - 372
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A two-channel magneto-resistive sensor with an embedded, single-strand eddy current inducer has been fabricated and tested for applications including sensory material characterization and the analysis of intermittent contact along compression boundaries and fatigue cracks. A rapid scanning technique has also been implemented to enable high-resolution imaging of relatively large areas in modest times. Applications of the probe for high-resolution imaging of calibration artifacts and sensory materials are presented. Finite element modeling of the probe is also presented and compared with experimental measurements with good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - ORTHOGONALIZATION (Numerical analysis)
KW  - MAGNETORESISTANCE
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - CALIBRATION
N1  - Accession Number: 75344889; Wincheski, Buzz 1 Simpson, John 2 Seebo, Jeffery P. 2 Powell, Jessica 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  2: Lockheed Martin Exploration & Science, Hampton, VA 23681,  3: Purdue University, Aerospace Engineering, West Lafayette, IN 47907,; Source Info: 5/18/2012, Vol. 1430 Issue 1, p366; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: ORTHOGONALIZATION (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: MAGNETORESISTANCE; Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4716251
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75344889&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Reyes-Rodriguez, S.
AU  - Zimdars, D. A.
AU  - Rauser, R. W.
AU  - Ussery, W. W.
T1  - Terahertz computed tomography of NASA thermal protection system materials.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/05/18/
VL  - 1430
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 566
EP  - 572
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A terahertz (THz) axial computed tomography system has been developed that uses time domain measurements in order to form cross-sectional image slices and three dimensional volume renderings of terahertz-transparent materials. The system can inspect samples as large as 0.0283 m3 (1 ft3) with no safety concerns as for x-ray computed tomography. In this study, the THz-CT system was evaluated for its ability to detect and characterize 1) an embedded void in Space Shuttle external fuel tank thermal protection system (TPS) foam material and 2) impact damage in a TPS configuration under consideration for use in NASA's multi-purpose Orion crew module (CM). Micro-focus X-ray CT is utilized to characterize the flaws and provide a baseline for which to compare the THz CT results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERAHERTZ technology
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - TIME-domain analysis
KW  - CROSS-sectional method
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 75344890; Roth, D. J. 1 Reyes-Rodriguez, S. 2 Zimdars, D. A. 3 Rauser, R. W. 4 Ussery, W. W. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135,  2: Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824,  3: Picometrix, LLC, 2925 Boardwalk Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48104,  4: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390,  5: Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company, Denver, CO 80201,; Source Info: 5/18/2012, Vol. 1430 Issue 1, p566; Subject Term: TERAHERTZ technology; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: TIME-domain analysis; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4716278
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75344890&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogge, M. D.
AU  - Johnston, P. H.
T1  - Wavenumber imaging for damage detection and measurement.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/05/18/
VL  - 1430
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 761
EP  - 768
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents a method for analyzing ultrasonic wavefield data using the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) applied in the spatial domain. Unlike data obtained by sparse arrays of transducers, full wavefield data contains information local to the structure and can be used to obtain more detailed measurements of damage type, location, size, etc. By calculating the CWT of the wavefield in the spatial domain, the wavenumber spectrum is determined for the inspected locations. Because wavenumber is affected by the local geometry and material properties of the structure through which Lamb waves propagate, the wavenumber spectrum can be analyzed to assess the location, severity, and size of damage. The technique is first applied to experimental wavefield data obtained using a laser Doppler vibrometer and automated positioning stage. The out-of-plane velocity along the length of a composite stringer was measured to detect the presence of delaminations within the composite overwrap. Next, simulated corrosion is detected and measured within an aluminum plate using the two dimensional CWT. The experimental results show the usefulness of the technique for vehicle structure inspection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 75344868; Rogge, M. D. 1 Johnston, P. H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,; Source Info: 5/18/2012, Vol. 1430 Issue 1, p761; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: TRANSFORMATIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4716302
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75344868&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garcia-Rissmann, A.
AU  - Rodríguez-Ardila, A.
AU  - Sigut, T. A. A.
AU  - Pradhan, A. K.
T1  - A NEAR-INFRARED TEMPLATE DERIVED FROM I Zw 1 FOR THE Fe II EMISSION IN ACTIVE GALAXIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/05/20/
VL  - 751
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In active galactic nucleus spectra, a series of Fe II multiplets form a pseudo-continuum that extends from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared (NIR). This emission is believed to originate in the broad-line region, and it has been known for a long time that pure photoionization fails to reproduce it in the most extreme cases, as does the collisional excitation alone. The most recent models by Sigut & Pradhan include details of the Fe II ion microphysics and cover a wide range in the ionization parameter log Uion = (– 3.0 → –1.3) and density log nH = (9.6 → 12.6). With the aid of such models and a spectral synthesis approach, we studied for the first time in detail the NIR emission of I Zw 1. The main goals were to confirm the role played by Lyα fluorescence mechanisms in the production of the Fe II spectrum and to construct the first semi-empirical NIR Fe II template that best represents this emission, consequently allowing its clean subtraction in other sources. A good overall match between the observed Fe II+Mg II features with those predicted by the best-fitted model was obtained, corroborating the Lyα fluorescence as a key process to understand the Fe II spectrum. The best model was fine-tuned by applying a deconvolution method to the observed Fe II+Mg II spectrum. This derived semi-empirical template was then fitted to the spectrum of Ark 564, showing that it nicely reproduced its observed Fe II+Mg II emission. Our work extends the current set of available Fe II templates into the NIR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTIVE galaxies
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NEAR infrared radiation
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
KW  - SEYFERT galaxies
KW  - QUASARS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97977697; Garcia-Rissmann, A. 1 Rodríguez-Ardila, A. 1,2; Email Address: arissmann@lna.br Sigut, T. A. A. 2,3 Pradhan, A. K. 4; Affiliation:  1: Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica, Rua Estados Unidos 154, 37504-364 Itajubá, MG, Brazil  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada  4: 4055 McPherson Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210-1173, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2012, Vol. 751 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ACTIVE galaxies; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NEAR infrared radiation; Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; Subject Term: SEYFERT galaxies; Subject Term: QUASARS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/751/1/7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Sub Oh, Jae
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Vacuum nanoelectronics: Back to the future?-Gate insulated nanoscale vacuum channel transistor.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2012/05/21/
VL  - 100
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 213505
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A gate-insulated vacuum channel transistor was fabricated using standard silicon semiconductor processing. Advantages of the vacuum tube and transistor are combined here by nanofabrication. A photoresist ashing technique enabled the nanogap separation of the emitter and the collector, thus allowing operation at less than 10 V. A cut-off frequency fT of 0.46 THz has been obtained. The nanoscale vacuum tubes can provide high frequency/power output while satisfying the metrics of lightness, cost, lifetime, and stability at harsh conditions, and the operation voltage can be decreased comparable to the modern semiconductor devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOELECTRONICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - VACUUM tubes
KW  - PHOTORESISTS
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 76143279; Han, Jin-Woo 1 Sub Oh, Jae 2 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  2: National Nanofab Center, 335 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-806,; Source Info: 5/21/2012, Vol. 100 Issue 21, p213505; Subject Term: NANOELECTRONICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: VACUUM tubes; Subject Term: PHOTORESISTS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327215 Glass Product Manufacturing Made of Purchased Glass; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4717751
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Boss, Alan P.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Quinn, Samuel N.
T1  - Kepler constraints on planets near hot Jupiters.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/05/22/
VL  - 109
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 7982
EP  - 7987
SN  - 00278424
AB  - We present the results of a search for planetary companions orbiting near hot Jupiter planet candidates (Jupiter-size candidates with orbital periods near 3 d) identified in the Kepler data through its sixth quarter of science operations. Special emphasis is given to companions between the 2:1 interior and exterior mean-motion resonances. A photometric transit search excludes companions with sizes ranging from roughly two-thirds to five times the size of the Earth, depending upon the noise properties of the target star. A search for dynamically induced deviations from a constant period (transit timing variations) also shows no significant signals. In contrast, comparison studies of warm Jupiters (with slightly larger orbits) and hot Neptune-size candidates do exhibit signatures of additional companions with these same tests. These differences between hot Jupiters and other planetary systems denote a distinctly different formation or dynamical history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - extrasolar planets
KW  - planet formation
KW  - planetary dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 78036516; Steffen, Jason H. 1; Email Address: jsteffen@fnal.gov Ragozzine, Darin 2 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3 Carter, Joshua A. 2 Ford, Eric B. 4 Holman, Matthew J. 2 Rowe, Jason F. 5 Welsh, William F. 6 Borucki, William J. 5 Boss, Alan P. 7 Ciardi, David R. 8 Quinn, Samuel N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, P.O. Box 500, Batavia, IL 60510  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138  3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064  4: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32111  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  6: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182  7: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015  8: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125; Source Info: 5/22/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 21, p7982; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary dynamics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1120970109
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78036516&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adler, Laszlo
AU  - Yost, William T.
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Subharmonics, chaos and beyond.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/05/24/
VL  - 1433
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 527
EP  - 530
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - While studying finite amplitude ultrasonic wave resonance in a one dimensional liquid-filled cavity formed by a narrow band transducer and a plane reflector, subharmonics of the driver's frequency were observed (1,2) in addition to the expected harmonic structure. Subsequently, it was realized that the system was one of the many examples of parametric resonance in which the observed subharmonics are parametrically generated. The generation mechanism also requires a sufficiently high threshold value of the driving amplitude so that the system becomes increasingly nonlinear in response. The nonlinear features were recently investigated and are the focus of this paper. An ultrasonic interferometer with optical precision was built. The transducers were compressional, undamped quartz and Lithium Niobate crystals ranging from 1-10 MHz, driven by a high power amplifier. Both an optical diffraction system and a receiver transducer attached to an aligned reflector were used to observe the generated frequency components in the cavity. There are at least 5 regions of excitation that were identified. It is shown that from a region of oscillation stability into an unstable region leads to a cascade of bifurcations (subharmonics) culminating in chaotic oscillations. A further increase in the amplitude results in a reversion of the chaos into a second region of stability. A first-principle based explanation of the experimental findings is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HARMONICS (Electric waves)
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - OPTICAL resonance
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - LITHIUM niobate
N1  - Accession Number: 76143335; Adler, Laszlo 1 Yost, William T. 2 Cantrell, John H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Adler Consultants Inc./ Ohio State University  2: NASA-Langley Research Center; Source Info: 5/24/2012, Vol. 1433 Issue 1, p527; Subject Term: HARMONICS (Electric waves); Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: OPTICAL resonance; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: LITHIUM niobate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.3703242
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76143335&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balla, R. Jeffrey
AU  - Everhart, Joel L.
AU  - Lucht, R.
T1  - Air Density Measurements in a Mach 10 Wake Using Iodine Cordes Bands.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1388
EP  - 1397
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An exploratory study designed to examine the viability of making air density measurements in a Mach 10 flow using laser-induced fluorescence of the iodine Cordes bands is presented. Experiments are performed in the NASA Langley Research Center 31 in. Mach 10 air wind tunnel in the hypersonic near wake of a multipurpose crew vehicle model. To introduce iodine into the wake, a 0.5 % iodine/nitrogen mixture is seeded using a pressure tap at the rear of the model. Air density was measured at 56 points along a 7 nun line and three stagnation pressures of 6.21, 8.62, and 10.0 MPa (900, 1250, and 1450 psi). Average results over time and space show Pwake/Pfreestream of fl.145 4 ± 0.010, independent of freestream air density. Average offbody results over time and space agree to better than 7.5% with computed densities from onbody pressure measurements. Densities measured during a single 60 s run at 10.0 MPa are time-dependent and steadily decrease by 15%. This decrease is attributed to model forebody heating by the flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 76622905; Balla, R. Jeffrey 1; Email Address: Robert.j.balla@nasa.gov Everhart, Joel L. 1 Lucht, R.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1388; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051523
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76622905&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Béthermin, M.
AU  - Le Floch, E.
AU  - Ilbert, O.
AU  - Conley, A.s
AU  - Lagache, G.
AU  - Amblard, A.
AU  - Arumugam, V.
AU  - Aussel, H.
AU  - Berta, S.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Boselli, A.
AU  - Buat, V.
AU  - Casey, C. M.
AU  - Castro-Rodríguez, N.
AU  - Cava, A.
AU  - Clements, D. L.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Dowell, C. D.
AU  - Eales, S.
AU  - Farrah, D.
T1  - HerMES: deep number counts at 250μm, 350μm and 500μm in the COSMOS and GOODS-N fields and the build-up of the cosmic infrared background.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 542
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Aims. The Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) onboard the Herschel space telescope has provided confusion limited maps of deep fields at 250 μm, 350 μm, and 500 μm, as part of the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES). Unfortunately, due to confusion, only a small fraction of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) can be resolved into individually-detected sources. Our goal is to produce deep galaxy number counts and redshift distributions below the confusion limit at SPIRE wavelengths (∼20 mJy), which we then use to place strong constraints on the origins of the cosmic infrared background and on models of galaxy evolution. Methods. We individually extracted the bright SPIRE sources (>20 mJy) in the COSMOS field with a method using the positions, the flux densities, and the redshifts of the 24 μm sources as a prior, and derived the number counts and redshift distributions of the bright SPIRE sources. For fainter SPIRE sources (<20 mJy), we reconstructed the number counts and the redshift distribution below the confusion limit using the deep 24 μm catalogs associated with photometric redshift and information provided by the stacking of these sources into the deep SPIRE maps of the GOODS-N and COSMOS fields. Finally, by integrating all these counts, we studied the contribution of the galaxies to the CIB as a function of their flux density and redshift. Results. Through stacking, we managed to reconstruct the source counts per redshift slice down to ∼2 mJy in the three SPIRE bands, which lies about a factor 10 below the 5σ confusion limit. Our measurements place tight constraints on source population models. None of the pre-existing models are able to reproduce our results at better than 3-σ. Finally, we extrapolate our counts to zero flux density in order to derive an estimate of the total contribution of galaxies to the CIB, finding 10.12.32.6nW m-2sr-1, 6.5-1.6+1.7nW m-2 sr-1, and 2.8-0.8+0.9nW m-2 sr-1 at 250 μm, 350 μm, and 500 μm, respectively. These values agree well with FIRAS absolute measurements, suggesting our number counts and their extrapolation are sufficient to explain the CIB. We find that half of the CIB is emitted at z = 1.04, 1.20, and 1.25, respectively. Finally, combining our results with other works, we estimate the energy budget contained in the CIB between 8 μm and 1000 μm: 26+7-3nW m-2sr-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED shift
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - cosmology: observations
KW  - diffuse radiation
KW  - galaxies: photometry
KW  - galaxies: statistics
KW  - submillimeter: galaxies -submillimeter: diffuse background
N1  - Accession Number: 82677461; Béthermin, M. 1,2; Email Address: matthieu.bethermin@cea.frs Le Floch, E. 1 Ilbert, O. 3 Conley, A.s 4 Lagache, G. 2 Amblard, A. 5 Arumugam, V. 6 Aussel, H. 1 Berta, S. 7 Bock, J. 8,9 Boselli, A. 3 Buat, V. 3 Casey, C. M. 10 Castro-Rodríguez, N. 11,12 Cava, A. 13 Clements, D. L. 14 Cooray, A. 8,15 Dowell, C. D. 8,9 Eales, S. 16 Farrah, D. 17; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu - CNRS -Université Paris Diderot, CE-Saclay, pt courrier 131, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  2: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), bâtiment 121, Université Paris-Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), 91405 Orsay, France  3: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France  4: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy 389-UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  5: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  7: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany  8: California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  10: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA" Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC), 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  11: Instituto de Astrofísica, de Canarias (IAC), 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  12: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  13: Departamento de Astrofísica, Facultad de CC. Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain  14: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK  15: Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  16: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK  17: Astronomy Centre, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 542 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffuse radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: submillimeter: galaxies -submillimeter: diffuse background; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201118698
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82677461&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Graf, U. U.
AU  - Simon, R.
AU  - Stutzki, J.
AU  - Colgan, S. W. J.
AU  - X. Guan
AU  - Güsten, R.
AU  - Hartogh, P.
AU  - Honingh, C. E.
AU  - Hiibers, H.-W.
T1  - [12CII] and [13CII] 15μm emission from NGC 2024: Large column densities of ionized carbon.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 542
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. We analyze the NGC 2024 Ho region and molecular cloud interface using [12CII] and [13 CII] observations. Alma. We attempt to gain insight into the physical structure of the interface layer between the molecular cloud and the HII region. Methods. Observations of [`12CII] and [13Co] emission at 158 μm with high spatial and spectral resolution allow us to study the detailed structure of the ionization front and estimate the column densities and temperatures of the ionized carbon layer in the photon- dominated region. Results. The [12CII] emission closely follows the distribution of the 8 μm continuum. Across most of the source, the spectral lines have two velocity peaks similar to lines of rare CO isotopes. The [13;CII] emission is detected near the edge-on ionization front. It has only a single velocity component, which implies that the [°Cti] line shape is caused by self-absorption. An anomalous hyperfine line-intensity ratio observed in [13 CII] cannot yet be explained. Conclusions. Our analysis of the two isotopes results in a total column density of N(H) 1 .6 x 1023 cm-2 in the gas emitting the [CII] line. A large fraction of this gas has to beat a temperature of several hundred K. The self-absorption is caused by a cooler (T ≤ 100 K) foreground component containing a column density of N(H) ≈ 1022 cm-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - CONTINUUM (Mathematics)
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - NUCLIDES
KW  - ISM: atoms
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: individual objects: NGC 2024
KW  - photon-dominated region (PDR)
N1  - Accession Number: 82677388; Graf, U. U. 1; Email Address: graf@phl.uni-koeln.de Simon, R. 1 Stutzki, J. 1 Colgan, S. W. J. 2 X. Guan 1 Güsten, R. 3 Hartogh, P. 4 Honingh, C. E. 1 Hiibers, H.-W. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zulpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany  4: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Straße 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  5: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Planetenforschung, Rutherfordstraße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  6: Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 542 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: CONTINUUM (Mathematics); Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: NUCLIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: atoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: NGC 2024; Author-Supplied Keyword: photon-dominated region (PDR); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201218930
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82677388&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sahai, R.
AU  - Morris, M. R.
AU  - Werner, M. W.
AU  - Güsten, R.
AU  - Wiesemeyer, H.
AU  - Sandell, G.
T1  - Probing the mass and structure of the Ring Nebula in Lyra with SOFIA/GREAT observations of the [CM] 158 micron line.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 542
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 00046361
AB  - We have obtained new velocity-resolved spectra of the [CH] 158pm line towards the Ring Nebula in Lyra (NGC 6720), one of the heat-studied planetary nebulae, in order to probe its controversial 3-dimensional structure and to estimate the mass of circumstellar material in this object. We used the terahertz receiver GREAT aboard the SOFIA airborne telescope to obtain the [CII] spectra at eight locations within and outside the bright optical ring of NGC 6720. Emission was detected at all positions except for the moat distant position along the nebula's minor axis, and generally covers a broad velocity range, ΔV - 50km s-1 (FWZI), except at a position along the major axis located just outside the optical ring, where it is significantly narrower (ΔV - 25km s-1). The one narrow spectrum appears to be probing circumatellar material lying outside the main nebular shell that has not bees accelerated by past last wind episodes from the central star, and therefore most likely comes from equatorial and/or low-latitude regions of this multipolar nebula. Along lines-of-sight passing within about 10" of the nebular center, the CII column density is a factor 46 higher than the CO column density. The total mass of gas associated with the [CII] emission inside a circular region of diameter 87'5 is at least 0. t I Mo. A significant amount of [CII] flux arises from a photodissociation region immediately outside the bright optical ring, where we find a CII to CO ratio of >6.5, lower than that seen towards the central region. Comparing our data with lower-quality CI spectra, which indicate similarly large Ct/CO ratios in NGC 6720, we conclude that the bulk of elemental carbon in NGC 6720 is divided roughly equally between CII and CI, sod that the emissions from these species are far more robust tracers of circumstellar material than CO in this object sod other evolved planetary nebulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - outflows
KW  - photon-dominated region (PDR) -circumstellar matter
KW  - planetary nebulae: general
KW  - planetary nebulae: individual: NGC 6720
KW  - stars: winds
N1  - Accession Number: 82677392; Sahai, R. 1; Email Address: raghvendra.sahai@jpl.nasa.gov Morris, M. R. 2 Werner, M. W. 1 Güsten, R. 3 Wiesemeyer, H. 3 Sandell, G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8001, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astrophysics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  3: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany  4: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Building N232/Rm. 146, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 542 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: photon-dominated region (PDR) -circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary nebulae: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary nebulae: individual: NGC 6720; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: winds; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82677392&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sandell, G.
AU  - Wiesemeyer, H.
AU  - Requena-Torres, M. A.
AU  - Heyminck, S.
AU  - Güsten, R.
AU  - Stutzki, J.
AU  - Simon, R.
AU  - Graf, U. U.
T1  - GREAT [C II] and CO observations of the BD+40°4124 region.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 542
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The BD+40°4124 region was observed with high angular and The BD+40°4124 region was observed with high angular and spectral resolution with the German heterodyne instrument GREAT in CO J = 13 → 12 and [C II] on SOFIA. These observations show that the [C II] emission is very strong in the reflection nebula surrounding the young Herbig Ae/Be star BD+40°4124. A strip map over the nebula shows that the [CII] emission approximately coincides with the optical nebulosity. The strongest [C II] emission is centered on the B2 star and a deep spectrum shows that it has faint wings, which suggests that the ionized gas is expanding. We also see faint CO J = 13 → 12 at the position of BD+40°4124, which suggests that the star may still be surrounded by an accretion disk. We also detected [C II] emission and strong CO J = 13 → 12 toward V 1318 Cyg. Here the [C1] emission is fainter than in BD+40°4124 and appears to come from the outflow, since it shows red and blue wings with very little emission at the systemic velocity, where the CO emission is quite strong. It therefore appears that in the broad ISO beam the [CII] emission was dominated by the reflection nebula surrounding BD+4fF4124, while the high J CO lines originated from the adjacent younger and more deeply embedded binary system V 1318 Cyg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - BIPOLAR outflows (Astrophysics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - Herbig Ae/Be
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - photon-dominated region (PDR) -stars: variables: T Tauri
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
N1  - Accession Number: 82677386; Sandell, G. 1; Email Address: Goran.H.Sandell@nasa.gov Wiesemeyer, H. 2 Requena-Torres, M. A. 2 Heyminck, S. 2 Güsten, R. 2 Stutzki, J. 3 Simon, R. 3 Graf, U. U. 3; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Building N232, Rm. 146, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA.  2: Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany  3: I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher StraBe 77, 50937 Köln, Germany; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 542 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: BIPOLAR outflows (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Herbig Ae/Be; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: photon-dominated region (PDR) -stars: variables: T Tauri; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201218920
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82677386&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schneider, N.
AU  - Güsten, R.
AU  - Tremblin, P.
AU  - Hennemann, M.
AU  - Minier, V.
AU  - Hill, T.
AU  - Comeron, F.
AU  - Requena-Torres, M. A.
AU  - Kraemer, K. E.
AU  - Simon, R.
AU  - Rollig, M.
AU  - Stutzki, J.
AU  - Djupvik, A. A.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
AU  - Marston, A.
AU  - Csengeri, T.
AU  - Cormier, D.
AU  - Lebouteiller, V.
AU  - Audit, E.
AU  - Motte, F.
T1  - Globules and pillars seen in the [CII] 158 μm line with SOFIA.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 542
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Molecular globules and pillars are spectacular features, found only in the interface region between a molecular cloud and an H ii- region. Impacting far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation creates photon-dominated regions (PORs) on their surfaces that can be traced by typical cooling lines. With the GREAT receiver onboard SOFIA we mapped and spectrally resolved the [C II] 158 pm atomic fine- structure line and the highly excited 12CO JI = 11 → 10 molecular line from three objects in Cygnus X (a pillar, a globule, and a strong TRAS source). We focus here on the globule and compare our data with existing Splicer data and recent Herschel open-time PACS data. Extended [C u] emission and more compact CO-emission was found in the globule. We ascribe this emission mainly to an internal PDR, created by a possibly embedded star-cluster with at least one early B-star. However, external PDR emission caused by the excitation by the Cyg OB2 association cannot be fully excluded. The velocity-resolved [C II] emission traces the emission of PDR surfaces, possible rotation of the globule, and high-velocity outflowing gas. The globule shows a velocity shift of -2 km s~ with respect to the expanding Hit-region, which can be understood as the residual turbulence of the molecular cloud from which the globule arose. This scenario is compatible with recent numerical simulations that emphazise the effect of turbulence. It is remarkable that so isolated globule shows these strong dynamical features traced by the [C u]-line, but it demands more observational studies to verify if there is indeed an embedded cluster of B-stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - CYGNUS (Constellation)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: individual objects: Cygnus
KW  - ISM: kinematics and dynamics
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - radio lines: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 82677390; Schneider, N. 1; Email Address: nschneid@cea.fr Güsten, R. 2 Tremblin, P. 1 Hennemann, M. 1 Minier, V. 1 Hill, T. 1 Comeron, F. 3 Requena-Torres, M. A. 2 Kraemer, K. E. 4 Simon, R. 5 Rollig, M. 5 Stutzki, J. 5 Djupvik, A. A. 6 Zinnecker, H. 7,8,9 Marston, A. 10 Csengeri, T. 2 Cormier, D. 1 Lebouteiller, V. 1 Audit, E. 1 Motte, F. 1; Affiliation:  1: IRFU/SAp CEA/DSM, Laboratoire AIM CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  2: Max-Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany  3: ESO, Karl Schwarzschild Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany  4: Boston College, Institute for Scientific Research, MA 02467, USA.  5: KOSMA, I. Physik. Institut, Universität Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany  6: NOT, 38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Spain  7: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  8: Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, 14482 Potsdam, Germany  9: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany  10: Herschel Science Centre, ESAC, ESA, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 542 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: CYGNUS (Constellation); Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: Cygnus; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: kinematics and dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio lines: ISM; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201218917
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Provencal, J. L.
AU  - Montgomery, M. H.
AU  - Kanaan, A.
AU  - Thompson, S. E.
AU  - Dalessio, J.
AU  - Shipman, H. L.
AU  - Childers, D.
AU  - Clemens, J. C.
AU  - Rosen, R.
AU  - Henrique, P.
AU  - Bischoff-Kim, A.
AU  - Strickland, W.
AU  - Chandler, D.
AU  - Walter, B.
AU  - Watson, T. K.
AU  - Castanheira, B.
AU  - Wang, S.
AU  - Handler, G.
AU  - Wood, M.
AU  - Vennes, S.
T1  - EMPIRICAL DETERMINATION OF CONVECTION PARAMETERS IN WHITE DWARFS. I. WHOLE EARTH TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF EC14012-1446.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/06//6/1/2012
VL  - 751
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report on an analysis of 308.3 hr of high-speed photometry targeting the pulsating DA white dwarf EC14012-1446. The data were acquired with the Whole Earth Telescope during the 2008 international observing run XCOV26. The Fourier transform of the light curve contains 19 independent frequencies and numerous combination frequencies. The dominant peaks are 1633.907, 1887.404, and 2504.897 μHz. Our analysis of the combination amplitudes reveals that the parent frequencies are consistent with modes of spherical degree l = 1. The combination amplitudes also provide m identifications for the largest amplitude parent frequencies. Our seismology analysis, which includes 2004-2007 archival data, confirms these identifications, provides constraints on additional frequencies, and finds an average period spacing of 41 s. Building on this foundation, we present nonlinear fits to high signal-to-noise light curves from the SOAR 4.1 m, McDonald 2.1 m, and KPNO 2 m telescopes. The fits indicate a time-averaged convective response timescale of τ0 = 99.4 ± 17 s, a temperature exponent N = 85 ± 6.2, and an inclination angle of θi = 32.°9 ± 3.°2. We present our current empirical map of the convective response timescale across the DA instability strip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTION (Astrophysics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97977783; Provencal, J. L. 1,2; Email Address: jlp@udel.edu Montgomery, M. H. 2,3; Email Address: mikemon@rocky.as.utexas.edu Kanaan, A. 4; Email Address: ankanaan@gmail.com Thompson, S. E. 1,2,5 Dalessio, J. 1,2 Shipman, H. L. 1,2 Childers, D. 2,6; Email Address: dpc@udel.edu Clemens, J. C. 7; Email Address: clemens@physics.unc.edu Rosen, R. 8; Email Address: rachel.rosen@gmail.com Henrique, P. 4 Bischoff-Kim, A. 9 Strickland, W. 10 Chandler, D. 10; Email Address: chandler@vvm.com Walter, B. 10 Watson, T. K. 11; Email Address: tkw@sousthwestern.edu Castanheira, B. 12 Wang, S. 3 Handler, G. 12; Email Address: gerald@camk.edu.pl Wood, M. 13; Email Address: wood@fit.edu Vennes, S. 13; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  2: Delaware Asteroseismic Research Center, Mt. Cuba Observatory, Greenville, DE 19807, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, C.P. 476, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil  5: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Math and Science, Delaware County Community College, 901 South Media Road, Media, PA 19063, USA  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, 288 Phillips Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA  8: NRAO, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA  9: Department of Chemistry and Physics, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA  10: Meyer Observatory and Central Texas Astronomical Society, 209 Paintbrush, Waco, TX 76705, USA  11: Institute for Astronomy, Southwestern University, Georgetown, TX, USA  12: Institut für Astronomie Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria  13: Department of Physics & Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 3290, USA; Source Info: 6/1/2012, Vol. 751 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/751/2/91
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nair, P. J.
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, S.
AU  - Froidevaux, L.
AU  - Flynn, L. E.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Russell, J. M.
AU  - Pazmino, A.
AU  - Ancellet, G.
AU  - Steinbrecht, W.
AU  - Claude, H.
AU  - Leblanc, T.
AU  - McDermid, S.
AU  - van Gijsel, J. A. E.
AU  - Johnson, B.
AU  - Thomas, A.
AU  - Hubert, D.
AU  - Lambert, J.-C.
AU  - Nakane, H.
AU  - Swart, D. P. J.
T1  - Relative drifts and stability of satellite and ground-based stratospheric ozone profiles at NDACC lidar stations.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 5
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1301
EP  - 1318
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study which investigates the stability and relative drifts of satellite and ground-based stratospheric ozone profiles at the lidar stations of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) in the tropics and southern-mid latitudes. The study used data conversion and analysis, standard deviation, and simple linear regression analysis. Results show that all lidars and near-zero drifts have shown significant larger drifts of stability.
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - DRIFT
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - TROPICS
N1  - Accession Number: 77747352; Nair, P. J. 1; Email Address: gopalapi@aero.jussieu.fr Godin-Beekmann, S. 1 Froidevaux, L. 2 Flynn, L. E. 3 Zawodny, J. M. 4 Russell, J. M. 5 Pazmino, A. 1 Ancellet, G. 1 Steinbrecht, W. 6 Claude, H. 6 Leblanc, T. 7 McDermid, S. 7 van Gijsel, J. A. E. 8 Johnson, B. 9 Thomas, A. 10 Hubert, D. 11 Lambert, J.-C. 11 Nakane, H. 12 Swart, D. P. J. 13; Affiliation:  1: UPMC Universite Paris 06, UMR 8190, LATMOS-IPSL, CNRS/INSU, Paris, Franc  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  3: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD, USA  4: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  6: Meteorologisches Observatorium, Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hohenpeiβenberg, Germany  7: Table Mountain Facility, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wrightwood, CA, USA  8: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, The Netherlands  9: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, USA  10: National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, Central Otago, New Zealand  11: Belgium Institute for Space Aeronomy, (IASB-BIRA), Brussels, Belgium  12: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305, Japan  13: National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 6, p1301; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: DRIFT; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: TROPICS; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-1301-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vogelmann, Andrew M.
AU  - McFarquhar, Greg M.
AU  - Ogren, John A.
AU  - Turner, David D.
AU  - Comstock, Jennifer M.
AU  - Feingold, Graham
AU  - Long, Charles N.
AU  - Jonsson, Haflidi H.
AU  - Bucholtz, Anthony
AU  - Collins, Don R.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Gerber, Hermann
AU  - Lawson, R. Paul
AU  - Woods, Roy K.
AU  - Andrews, Elisabeth
AU  - Yang, Hee-Jung
AU  - Chiu, J. Christine
AU  - Hartsock, Daniel
AU  - Hubbe, John M.
AU  - Lo, Chaomei
T1  - Racoro Extended-Term Aircraft Observations of Boundary Layer Clouds.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 93
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 861
EP  - 878
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - A first-of-a-kind, extended-term cloud aircraft campaign was conducted to obtain an in situ statistical characterization of continental boundary layer clouds needed to investigate cloud processes and refine retrieval algorithms. Coordinated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Aerial Facility (AAF), the Routine AAF Clouds with Low Optical Water Depths (CLOWD) Optical Radiative Observations (RACORO) field campaign operated over the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) site from 22 January to 30 June 2009, collecting 260 h of data during 59 research flights. A comprehensive payload aboard the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft measured cloud microphysics, solar and thermal radiation, physical aerosol properties, and atmospheric state parameters. Proximity to the SGP's extensive complement of surface measurements provides ancillary data that support modeling studies and facilitates evaluation of a variety of surface retrieval algorithms. The five-month duration enabled sampling a range of conditions associated with the seasonal transition from winter to summer. Although about two thirds of the flights during which clouds were sampled occurred in May and June, boundary layer cloud fields were sampled under a variety of environmental and aerosol conditions, with about 77% of the cloud flights occurring in cumulus and stratocumulus. Preliminary analyses illustrate use of these data to analyze aerosol-cloud relationships, characterize the horizontal variability of cloud radiative impacts, and evaluate surface-based retrievals. We discuss how an extended-term campaign requires a simplified operating paradigm that is different from that used for typical, short-term, intensive aircraft field programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - OTTER (Transport planes)
KW  - SOLAR radiation -- Measurement
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC Radiation Measurement Program (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 78438004; Vogelmann, Andrew M. 1 McFarquhar, Greg M. 2 Ogren, John A. 3 Turner, David D. 4 Comstock, Jennifer M. 5 Feingold, Graham 3 Long, Charles N. 5 Jonsson, Haflidi H. 6 Bucholtz, Anthony 7 Collins, Don R. 8 Diskin, Glenn S. 9 Gerber, Hermann 10 Lawson, R. Paul 11 Woods, Roy K. 6 Andrews, Elisabeth 12 Yang, Hee-Jung 2 Chiu, J. Christine 13 Hartsock, Daniel 14 Hubbe, John M. 5 Lo, Chaomei 5; Affiliation:  1: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York  2: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois  3: NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  4: NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma, and University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  6: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California  7: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California  8: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  10: Gerber Scientific, Inc., Reston, Virginia  11: SPEC Inc., Boulder, Colorado  12: NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, and University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado  13: University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, United Kingdom  14: Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 93 Issue 6, p861; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: OTTER (Transport planes); Subject Term: SOLAR radiation -- Measurement; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement; Company/Entity: ATMOSPHERIC Radiation Measurement Program (U.S.); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00189.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stapleton, Scott E.
AU  - Waas, Anthony M.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Functionally graded adhesives for composite joints
JO  - International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives
JF  - International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 49
SN  - 01437496
AB  - Abstract: Adhesives with functionally graded material properties are being considered for use in adhesively bonded joints to reduce the peel stress concentrations located near adherend discontinuities. Several practical concerns impede the actual use of such adhesives. These include increased manufacturing complications, alterations to the grading due to adhesive flow during manufacturing, and whether changing the loading conditions significantly impact the effectiveness of the grading. An analytical study is conducted to address these three concerns. An enhanced joint finite element, which uses an analytical formulation to obtain exact shape functions, is used to model the joint. Furthermore, proof-of-concept testing is conducted to show the potential advantages of functionally graded adhesives. In this study, grading is achieved by strategically placing glass beads within the adhesive layer at different densities along the joint. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FUNCTIONALLY gradient materials
KW  - ADHESIVE joints
KW  - STRESS concentration
KW  - MANUFACTURES
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - GRADING (Commercial products)
KW  - GLASS beads
KW  - Finite element stress analysis
KW  - Functionally graded bondline
KW  - Joint design
KW  - Mechanical properties of adhesives
KW  - Stress distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 74676957; Stapleton, Scott E. 1 Waas, Anthony M. 1; Email Address: dcw@umich.edu Arnold, Steven M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA  2: Life Prediction Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 35, p36; Subject Term: FUNCTIONALLY gradient materials; Subject Term: ADHESIVE joints; Subject Term: STRESS concentration; Subject Term: MANUFACTURES; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: GRADING (Commercial products); Subject Term: GLASS beads; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element stress analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functionally graded bondline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joint design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties of adhesives; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339999 All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339990 All other miscellaneous manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.11.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Godoy, William F.
AU  - Liu, Xu
T1  - Parallel Jacobian-free Newton Krylov solution of the discrete ordinates method with flux limiters for 3D radiative transfer
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 231
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4257
EP  - 4278
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The present study introduces a parallel Jacobian-free Newton Krylov (JFNK) general minimal residual (GMRES) solution for the discretized radiative transfer equation (RTE) in 3D, absorbing, emitting and scattering media. For the angular and spatial discretization of the RTE, the discrete ordinates method (DOM) and the finite volume method (FVM) including flux limiters are employed, respectively. Instead of forming and storing a large Jacobian matrix, JFNK methods allow for large memory savings as the required Jacobian-vector products are rather approximated by semiexact and numerical formulations, for which convergence and computational times are presented. Parallelization of the GMRES solution is introduced in a combined memory-shared/memory-distributed formulation that takes advantage of the fact that only large vector arrays remain in the JFNK process. Results are presented for 3D test cases including a simple homogeneous, isotropic medium and a more complex non-homogeneous, non-isothermal, absorbing–emitting and anisotropic scattering medium with collimated intensities. Additionally, convergence and stability of Gram–Schmidt and Householder orthogonalizations for the Arnoldi process in the parallel GMRES algorithms are discussed and analyzed. Overall, the introduction of JFNK methods results in a parallel, yet scalable to the tested 2048 processors, and memory affordable solution to 3D radiative transfer problems without compromising the accuracy and convergence of a Newton-like solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARALLEL algorithms
KW  - JACOBIAN matrices
KW  - NEWTON-Raphson method
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - LIMITER circuits
KW  - FINITE volume method
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - VECTOR analysis
KW  - Collimated radiation
KW  - Discrete ordinates method (DOM) S  N 
KW  - Electromagnetic radiation
KW  - Flux limiters
KW  - General Minimal Residual (GMRES)
KW  - Gram–Schmidt
KW  - Householder
KW  - Jacobian free Newton–Krylov (JFNK)
KW  - Parallel MPI
KW  - Radiative transfer equation (RTE)
KW  - Threads
KW  - TVD
N1  - Accession Number: 73962476; Godoy, William F.; Email Address: william.f.godoycastaneda@nasa.gov Liu, Xu 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 231 Issue 11, p4257; Subject Term: PARALLEL algorithms; Subject Term: JACOBIAN matrices; Subject Term: NEWTON-Raphson method; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: LIMITER circuits; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: VECTOR analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collimated radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete ordinates method (DOM) S  N ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flux limiters; Author-Supplied Keyword: General Minimal Residual (GMRES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gram–Schmidt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Householder; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jacobian free Newton–Krylov (JFNK); Author-Supplied Keyword: Parallel MPI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer equation (RTE); Author-Supplied Keyword: Threads; Author-Supplied Keyword: TVD; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73962476&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peck, Jay
AU  - Timko, Michael T.
AU  - Zhenhong Yu
AU  - Hsi-Wu Wong
AU  - Herndon, Scott C.
AU  - Yelvington, Paul E.
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard C.
AU  - Changlie Wey
AU  - Winstead, Edward L.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
T1  - Measurement of Volatile Particulate Matter Emissions From Aircraft Engines Using a Simulated Plume Aging System.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 134
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Aircraft exhaust contains nonvolatile (soot) particulate matter (PM), trace gas pollutants, and volatile PM precursor material. Nonvolatile soot particles are predominantly present at the engine exit plane, but volatile PM precursors form new particles or add mass to the existing ones as the exhaust is diluted and cooled. Accurately characterizing the volatile PM mass, number, and size distribution is challenging due to this evolving nature and the impact of local ambient conditions on the gas-to-particle conversion processes. To accurately and consistently measure the aircraft PM emissions, a dilution and aging sampling system that can condense volatile precursors to particle phase to simulate the atmospheric evolution of aircraft engine exhaust has been developed. In this paper, a field demonstration of its operation is described. The dilution/aging probe system was tested using both a combustor rig and on-wing CFM56-7 engines. During the combustor rig testing at NASA Glenn Research Center, the dilution/aging probe supported formation of both nucleation/growth mode particles and soot coatings. The results showed that by increasing residence time, the nucleation particles become larger in size, increase in total mass, and decrease in number. During the on-wing CFM56-7 engine testing at Chicago Midway Airport, the dilution/aging probe was able to form soot coatings along with nucleation mode particles, unlike conventional 1-m probe engine measurements. The number concentration of nucleation particles depended on the sample fraction and relative humidity of the dilution air. The performance of the instrument is analyzed and explained using computational microphysics simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIR pollutants
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions
N1  - Accession Number: 95709860; Peck, Jay; Email Address: jpeck@aerodyne.com Timko, Michael T. 1 Zhenhong Yu 1 Hsi-Wu Wong 1 Herndon, Scott C. 1 Yelvington, Paul E. 1,2 Miake-Lye, Richard C. 1 Changlie Wey 3 Winstead, Edward L. 4 Ziemba, Luke D. 5 Anderson, Bruce E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA  2: Mainstream Engineering Corp, Rockledge, Florida  3: ASRC Aerospace Corp., Cleveland, OH  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 134 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIR pollutants; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4005988
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95709860&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
T1  - Spectral line parameters including temperature dependences of air-broadening for the 2←0 bands of 13C16O and 12C18O at 2.3μm
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 276-277
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 48
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Abstract: The first air broadening line shape parameters were determined for the 2←0 bands of 13C16O near 4166.8cm−1 and 12C18O near 4159.0cm−1. Air-broadened Lorentz half-width coefficients, their temperature dependence exponents; air-induced pressure shift coefficients, their temperature dependences; and air line mixing coefficients were measured. Additionally, speed-dependent line shapes with line mixing employing the off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients were applied to minimize the fit residuals. Finally, individual line positions and line intensities of the two isotopologues were constrained to the well-known theoretical quantum mechanical expressions in order to obtain the rovibrational (G, B, D and H) and band intensity parameters (including Herman–Wallis coefficients). For this, laboratory spectra were recorded at 0.005cm−1 resolution using a temperature-controlled coolable absorption cell configured inside a Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer. Gas temperatures and pressures for the spectra varied from 150 to 298K and 20 to 700Torr, respectively. Results were obtained from broad-band multispectrum least-squares fitting of the 4000–4360cm−1 spectral region. Four isotope-enriched pure sample spectra and twelve spectra with air+CO samples (13C16O or 12C18O, as appropriate) were fitted simultaneously. The results obtained for 13C16O and 12C18O are compared and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - GASES -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - CO
KW  - Intensities
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Lorentz widths
KW  - Pressure shifts
KW  - Speed dependence
KW  - Temperature dependences of widths and shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 78336334; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, Mary Ann H. 2 Mantz, Arlan W. 3 Sung, Keeyoon 4 Brown, Linda R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Dept. of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 276-277, p33; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: GASES -- Absorption & adsorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz widths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependences of widths and shifts; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2012.05.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78336334&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miles, Jeffrey Hilton
T1  - Spatial correlation in the ambient core noise field of a turbofan engine.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 131
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 4625
EP  - 4639
SN  - 00014966
AB  - An acoustic transfer function relating combustion noise and turbine exit noise in the presence of enclosed ambient core noise is investigated using a dynamic system model and an acoustic system model for the particular turbofan engine studied and for a range of operating conditions. Measurements of cross-spectra magnitude and phase between the combustor and turbine exit and auto-spectra at the turbine exit and combustor are used to show the presence of indirect and direct combustion noise over the frequency range of 0-400 Hz. The procedure used evaluates the ratio of direct to indirect combustion noise. The procedure used also evaluates the post-combustion residence time in the combustor which is a factor in the formation of thermal NOx and soot in this region. These measurements are masked by the ambient core noise sound field in this frequency range which is observable since the transducers are situated within an acoustic wavelength of one another. An ambient core noise field model based on one and two dimensional spatial correlation functions is used to replicate the spatially correlated response of the pair of transducers. The spatial correlation function increases measured attenuation due to destructive interference and masks the true attenuation of the turbine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION -- Research
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - MAGNITUDE estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 76572841; Miles, Jeffrey Hilton 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 131 Issue 6, p4625; Subject Term: COMBUSTION -- Research; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: MAGNITUDE estimation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.4714359
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76572841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Ireland, Michael J.
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Maestro, Vicente
AU  - Mérand, Antoine
AU  - Tuthill, Peter G.
AU  - White, Timothy R.
AU  - Farrington, Christopher D.
AU  - Goldfinger, P. J.
AU  - McAlister, Harold A.
AU  - Schaefer, Gail H.
AU  - Sturmann, Judit
AU  - Sturmann, Laszlo
AU  - ten Brummelaar, Theo A.
AU  - Turner, Nils H.
T1  - Validation of the exoplanet Kepler-21b using PAVO/CHARA long-baseline interferometry.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 423
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L16
EP  - L20
SN  - 17453925
AB  - ABSTRACT We present long-baseline interferometry of the Kepler exoplanet host star HD 179070 (Kepler-21) using the Precision Astronomical Visible Observations (PAVO) beam combiner at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array. The visibility data are consistent with a single star and exclude stellar companions at separations ∼1-1000 mas (∼0.1-113 au) and contrasts <3.5 mag. This result supports the validation of the 1.6  R ⊕ exoplanet Kepler-21b by Howell et al. and complements the constraints set by adaptive optics imaging, speckle interferometry and radial-velocity observations to rule out false positives due to stellar companions. We conclude that long-baseline interferometry has strong potential to validate transiting extrasolar planets, particularly for future projects aimed at brighter stars and for host stars where radial-velocity follow-up is not available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - ADAPTIVE optics
KW  - STARS
KW  - planets and satellites: individual: Kepler-2lb
KW  - stars: individual: HD 179070
KW  - techniques: interferometric
N1  - Accession Number: 76302517; Huber, Daniel 1,2 Ireland, Michael J. 1,3,4 Bedding, Timothy R. 1 Howell, Steve B. 2 Maestro, Vicente 1 Mérand, Antoine 5 Tuthill, Peter G. 1 White, Timothy R. 1 Farrington, Christopher D. 6 Goldfinger, P. J. 6 McAlister, Harold A. 6 Schaefer, Gail H. 6 Sturmann, Judit 6 Sturmann, Laszlo 6 ten Brummelaar, Theo A. 6 Turner, Nils H. 6; Affiliation:  1: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia  4: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia  5: European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Casilla 19001, Vitacura, Santiago 19, Chile  6: Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, PO Box 3969, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 423 Issue 1, pL16; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: ADAPTIVE optics; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual: Kepler-2lb; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HD 179070; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: interferometric; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01242.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76302517&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morse, A.D.
AU  - Altwegg, K.
AU  - Andrews, D.J.
AU  - Auster, H.U.
AU  - Carr, C.M.
AU  - Galand, M.
AU  - Goesmann, F.
AU  - Gulkis, S.
AU  - Lee, S.
AU  - Richter, I.
AU  - Sheridan, S.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - A'Hearn, M.F.
AU  - Feldman, P.
AU  - Parker, J.
AU  - Retherford, K.D.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Wright, I.P.
T1  - The Rosetta campaign to detect an exosphere at Lutetia
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 172
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: On 10th July 2010 the Rosetta spacecraft passed within 3160km of asteroid 21 Lutetia during which seven instruments attempted to detect an exosphere. A comparison of the sensitivity is made between the different instruments based on a simple spherical out-gassing point source model, which was used to infer that the Lutetia exosphere production rate was determined by MIRO to be <4.3×1023 moleculess−1 for water and by ROSINA RTOF to be <1.7×1025 moleculess−1 for carbon monoxide. Consideration of the flyby geometry and combined instrument operations places further constraints on the exosphere structure and gas production rate. Experience gained during the flyby will prove invaluable for operations planning during Rosetta''s approach and orbit of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXOSPHERE
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - COMETARY orbits
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - CHURYUMOV-Gerasimenko comet
KW  - Asteroid
KW  - Comet
KW  - Exosphere
KW  - Lutetia
KW  - Rosetta
KW  - ROSETTA (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 75170021; Morse, A.D. 1; Email Address: A.D.Morse@open.ac.uk Altwegg, K. 2 Andrews, D.J. 1 Auster, H.U. 3 Carr, C.M. 4 Galand, M. 4 Goesmann, F. 5 Gulkis, S. 6 Lee, S. 6 Richter, I. 3 Sheridan, S. 1 Stern, S.A. 7 A'Hearn, M.F. 8 Feldman, P. 9 Parker, J. 10 Retherford, K.D. 10 Weaver, H.A. 11 Wright, I.P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Planetary and Space Sciences Research Institute, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, England, UK  2: Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, Sidlerstr. 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland  3: Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik der Technischen Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstrasse 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany  4: The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2BW, UK  5: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 169-506 Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 2421, USA  9: Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218 2695, USA  10: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  11: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: EXOSPHERE; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: COMETARY orbits; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: CHURYUMOV-Gerasimenko comet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lutetia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rosetta; Company/Entity: ROSETTA (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.01.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75170021&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Lee F.
AU  - Trout, Thomas J.
T1  - Satellite NDVI Assisted Monitoring of Vegetable Crop Evapotranspiration in California's San Joaquin Valley.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 439
EP  - 455
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Reflective bands of Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper satellite imagery were used to facilitate the estimation of basal crop evapotranspiration (ETcb), or potential crop water use, in San Joaquin Valley fields during 2008. A ground-based digital camera measured green fractional cover (Fc) of 49 commercial fields planted to 18 different crop types (row crops, grains, orchard, vineyard) of varying maturity over 11 Landsat overpass dates. Landsat L1T terrain-corrected images were transformed to surface reflectance and converted to normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). A strong linear relationship between NDVI and Fc was observed (r² = 0.96, RMSE = 0.062). The resulting regression equation was used to estimate Fc for crop cycles of broccoli, bellpepper, head lettuce, and garlic on nominal 7-9 day intervals for several study fields. Prior relationships developed by weighing lysimeter were used to transform Fc to fraction of reference evapotranspiration, also known as basal crop coefficient (Kcb). Measurements of grass reference evapotranspiration from the California Irrigation Management Information System were then used to calculate ETcb for each overpass date. Temporal profiles of Fc, Kcb, and ETcb were thus developed for the study fields, along with estimates of seasonal water use. Daily ETcb retrieval uncertainty resulting from error in satellite-based Fc estimation was <0.5 mm/d, with seasonal uncertainty of 6-10%. Results were compared with FAO-56 irrigation guidelines and prior lysimeter observations for reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - VEGETABLES -- Drying
KW  - BASAL area (Forestry)
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - THEMATIC maps
KW  - SAN Joaquin Valley (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - crop coefficient
KW  - fractional cover
KW  - Landsat
KW  - NDVI
KW  - water use
N1  - Accession Number: 71959338; Johnson, Lee F. 1,2; Email Address: Lee.F.Johnson@nasa.gov Trout, Thomas J. 3; Email Address: Thomas.Trout@ars.usda.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of Science & Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA  2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: USDA/ARS Water Management Research Unit, Ft. Collins, CO 80526, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p439; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: VEGETABLES -- Drying; Subject Term: BASAL area (Forestry); Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: THEMATIC maps; Subject Term: SAN Joaquin Valley (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: crop coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractional cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: water use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111419 Other Food Crops Grown Under Cover; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115110 Support activities for crop production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311423 Dried and Dehydrated Food Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 115114 Postharvest Crop Activities (except Cotton Ginning); Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs4020439
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=71959338&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Li, Shuang
AU  - Huang, Shengli
AU  - Crabtree, Robert L.
T1  - Analysis of sapling density regeneration in Yellowstone National Park with hyperspectral remote sensing data
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 68
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The density of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) sapling regeneration was mapped in areas burned during the 1988 wildfires across Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, USA. Hyperspectral image analysis and field measurements were combined across the entire YNP extent. Airborne Visible Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) image data from 2006 were used to compute ten different vegetation indices (VI). The ten VIs were combined to build multiple regression models for predicting and mapping post-fire sapling density. Four different forms of regression modeling were applied to derive the highest possible prediction accuracy (correlation coefficient of R  2  =0.83). Pine sapling regeneration 19years after large-scale wildfires showed a high level of variability in patch density (ranging from 14/100ha to 57/100ha), whereas sapling density measured previously from the first decade following wildfire was more uniform (10/100ha to 21/100ha). The ecosystem-level clumpiness index showed major shifts in aggregation of different sapling density classes, and was consistent with an overall decrease in estimated sapling density of nearly 50% between 1998 and 2007. This analysis revealed important succession patterns and processes in post-fire forest regeneration for the Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LODGEPOLE pine
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - PLANTS -- Regeneration
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - AIRBORNE Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AVIRIS
KW  - Fire ecology
KW  - Hyperspectral
KW  - Northern Rocky Mountains
KW  - Post-fire ecosystems
KW  - Sapling density
KW  - Yellowstone National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 74677085; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: Chris.Potter@nasa.gov Li, Shuang 1,2 Huang, Shengli 1,3 Crabtree, Robert L. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  2: College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Henan 475001 China  3: Yellowstone Ecological Research Center, Bozeman, MT 59718, USA  4: HyPerspectives Inc., Bozeman, MT 59718, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 121, p61; Subject Term: LODGEPOLE pine; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: PLANTS -- Regeneration; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: AIRBORNE Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVIRIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Northern Rocky Mountains; Author-Supplied Keyword: Post-fire ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sapling density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone National Park; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74677085&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Hongbin
AU  - Zhang, Yan
AU  - Chin, Mian
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Yang, Yuekui
AU  - Yuan, Tianle
AU  - Zhang, Jianglong
T1  - An integrated analysis of aerosol above clouds from A-Train multi-sensor measurements
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 131
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Quantifying above-cloud aerosol can help improve the assessment of aerosol intercontinental transport and climate impacts. In this study we conduct an integrated analysis of aerosols above clouds by using multi-sensor A-Train measurements, including above-cloud aerosol optical depth at 532nm (AOD532) from CALIPSO lidar, the UV aerosol index (AI) from OMI, and cloud fraction and cloud optical depth (COD) from MODIS. The analysis of Saharan dust outflow and Southwest African smoke outflow regions shows that the above-cloud AOD correlates positively with AI in an approximately linear manner, and that the AOD532/AI ratio decreases with increasing COD. The dependence of AOD532/AI ratio on COD doesn''t depend on aerosol type when potential biases in the CALIOP AOD measurements are empirically accounted for. Our results may suggest the potential of combining OMI AI and MODIS cloud measurements to empirically derive above-cloud AOD with a spatial coverage much more extensive than CALIPSO measurements, which needs to be further explored in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 74677091; Yu, Hongbin 1,2; Email Address: Hongbin.Yu@nasa.gov Zhang, Yan 2,3 Chin, Mian 4 Liu, Zhaoyan 5,6 Omar, Ali 6 Remer, Lorraine A. 2 Yang, Yuekui 2,7 Yuan, Tianle 2,8 Zhang, Jianglong 9; Affiliation:  1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  2: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA  4: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  7: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA  8: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  9: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Folks, ND, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 121, p125; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.01.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74677091&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ottaviani, Matteo
AU  - Cairns, Brian
AU  - Chowdhary, Jacek
AU  - Van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
AU  - Ferrare, Rich
AU  - Burton, Sharon
AU  - Hair, John
AU  - Obland, Michael D.
AU  - Rogers, Raymond
T1  - Polarimetric retrievals of surface and cirrus clouds properties in the region affected by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/06//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 403
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: In 2010, the Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) performed several aerial surveys over the region affected by the oil spill caused by the explosion of the Deepwater Horizon offshore platform. The instrument was deployed on the NASA Langley B200 aircraft together with the High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL), which provides information on the distribution of the aerosol layers beneath the aircraft, including an accurate estimate of aerosol optical depth. This work illustrates the merits of polarization measurements in detecting variations of ocean surface properties linked to the presence of an oil slick. In particular, we make use of the degree of linear polarization in the glint region, which is severely affected by variations in the refractive index but insensitive to the waviness of the water surface. Alterations in the surface optical properties are therefore expected to directly affect the polarization response of the RSP channel at 2264nm, where both molecular and aerosol scattering are negligible and virtually all of the observed signal is generated via Fresnel reflection at the surface. The glint profile at this wavelength is fitted with a model which can optimally estimate refractive index, wind speed and direction, together with aircraft attitude variations affecting the viewing geometry. The retrieved refractive index markedly increases over oil-contaminated waters, while the apparent wind speed is significantly lower than in adjacent uncontaminated areas, suggesting that the slick dampens high-frequency components of the ocean wave spectrum. The constraint on surface reflectance provided by the short-wave infrared channels is a cornerstone of established procedures to retrieve atmospheric aerosol microphysical parameters based on the inversion of the RSP multispectral measurements. This retrieval, which benefits from the ancillary information provided by the HSRL, was in this specific case hampered by prohibitive variability in atmospheric conditions (very inhomogeneous aerosol distribution and cloud cover). Although the results presented for the surface are essentially unaffected, we discuss the results obtained by typing algorithms in sorting the complex mix of aerosol types, and show evidence of oriented ice in cirrus clouds present in the area. In this context, polarization measurements at 1880nm were used to infer ice habit and cirrus optical depth, which was found in the subvisual/threshold-visible regime, confirming the utility of the aforementioned RSP channel for the remote sensing of even thin cold clouds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - WATER temperature
KW  - REFRACTIVE index
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - Cirrus
KW  - Oil spill
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Sunglint
KW  - Thin-film interference
KW  - GODDARD Institute for Space Studies
N1  - Accession Number: 74677113; Ottaviani, Matteo 1; Email Address: mottaviani@giss.nasa.gov Cairns, Brian 2 Chowdhary, Jacek 3 Van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan 4 Knobelspiesse, Kirk 1 Hostetler, Chris 5 Ferrare, Rich 5 Burton, Sharon 5 Hair, John 5 Obland, Michael D. 5 Rogers, Raymond 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA  2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA  3: Columbia University, Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, New York, NY, USA  4: Columbia University, Center for Climate System Research, New York, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 121, p389; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: WATER temperature; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil spill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sunglint; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin-film interference; Company/Entity: GODDARD Institute for Space Studies; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.02.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74677113&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gicquel, A.
AU  - Bockelée-Morvan, D.
AU  - Zakharov, V. V.
AU  - Kelley, M. S.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
AU  - Wooden, D. H.
T1  - Investigation of dust and water ice in comet 9P/Tempel 1 from Spitzer observations of the Deep Impact event.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/06/02/
VL  - 542
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - A119:1
EP  - A119:16
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The Spitzer spacecraft monitored the Deep Impact event on 2005 July 4 providing unique infrared spectrophotometric data that enabled exploration of comet 9P/Tempel 1's activity and coma properties prior to and after the collision of the impactor. Aims. The time series of spectra take with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) show fluorescence emission of the H2O ν2 band at 6.4 μm superimposed on the dust thermal continuum. These data provide constraints on the properties of the dust ejecta cloud (dust size distribution, velocity, and mass), as well as on the water component (origin and mass). Our goal is to determine the dust-to-ice ratio of the material ejected from the impact site. Methods. The temporal evolution of the continuum was analyzed using a dust thermal model which considers amorphous carbon and intimate silicate-carbon mixtures. The water emission was extracted from the spectra and the water columns within the Spitzer extraction aperture were inferred using a fluorescence excitation model. Time-dependent models simulating the development of the ejecta cloud and the sublimation of icy grains were developed to interpret the temporal evolution of both dust and water emissions within the field of view. Results. Both the color temperature of the grains in the ejecta cloud (375 ± 5 K) and their size distribution show that a large quantity of submicron grains were ejected by the impact. The velocity of the smallest grains is 230 m s-1, with a power index for the size dependence of 0.3-0.5, in agreement with gas loading. The total mass of dust is (0.7-1.2) × 105 kg for grain sizes 0.1-1 μm and (0.5-2.1) × 106 kg for sizes 0.1-100 μm. A sustained production of water is observed, which can be explained by the sublimation of pure ice grains with sizes less than 1 μm and comprising a mass of ice of (0.8-1.8) × 107 kg. The contribution of dirty ice grains to the ice budget is negligible. Assuming that water was essentially produced by icy grains present in the ejecta cloud, our measurements suggest a very high ice-to-dust ratio of about 10 in the excavated material, which greatly exceeds the gas-to-dust production rate ratio of ∼0.5 measured for the background coma. Alternately, if a large amount of material felt back to the surface and sublimated, ice-to-dust ratios of 1-3 are not excluded. A better understanding of the cratering event on 9P/Tempel 1 is required to disentangle between the two hypotheses. Evidence for grain fragmentation in the ejecta cloud is found in the data. The pre-impact water production rate is measured to be (4.7 ± 0.7) × 1027 mol s-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - comets: individual: comet 9P/Tempel 1
KW  - infrared: general
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - methods: numerical
N1  - Accession Number: 82736378; Gicquel, A. 1; Email Address: adeline.gicquel@obspm.fr Bockelée-Morvan, D. 1; Email Address: dominique.bockelee@obspm.fr Zakharov, V. V. 1,2; Email Address: vladimir.zakharov@obspm.fr Kelley, M. S. 3; Email Address: msk@astro.umd.edu Woodward, C. E. 4; Email Address: chelsea@astro.umn.edu Wooden, D. H. 5; Email Address: dwooden@me.com; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Université Paris-Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France  2: Gordien Strato, France  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA  4: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 542 Issue 2, pA119:1; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: comets: individual: comet 9P/Tempel 1; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201118718
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cook, Benjamin I.
AU  - Wolkovich, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Parmesa, Camille
T1  - Divergent responses to spring and winter warming drive community level flowering trends.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/06/05/
VL  - 109
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 9000
EP  - 9005
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Analyses of datasets throughout the temperate midlatitude regions show a widespread tendency for species to advance their springtime phenology, consistent with warming trends over the past 20-50 y. Within these general trends toward earlier spring, however, are species that either have insignificant trends or have delayed their timing. Various explanations have been offered to explain this apparent nonresponsiveness to warming, including the influence of other abiotic cues (e.g., photoperiod) or reductions in fall/winter chilling (vernalization). Few studies, however, have explicitly attributed the historical trends of nonresponding species to any specific factor. Here, we analyzed long-term data on phenology and seasonal temperatures from 490 species on two continents and demonstrate that (/) apparent nonresponders are indeed responding to warming, but their responses to fall/winter and spring warming are opposite in sign and of similar magnitude; (//') observed trends in first flowering date depend strongly on the magnitude of a given species' response to fall/winter vs. spring warming; and (///') inclusion of fall/winter temperature cues strongly improves hindcast model predictions of long-term flowering trends compared with models with spring warming only. With a few notable exceptions, climate change research has focused on the overall mean trend toward phenological advance, minimizing discussion of apparently nonresponding species. Our results illuminate an understudied source of complexity in wild species responses and support the need for models incorporating diverse environmental cues to improve predictability of community level responses to anthropogenic climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIVERGENCE (Biology)
KW  - PHENOLOGY
KW  - VERNALIZATION
KW  - ECOLOGICAL forecasting
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on plants
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SEASONAL temperature variations
KW  - PHYSIOLOGICAL effect
KW  - ecological forecasting
KW  - growing season
N1  - Accession Number: 76927794; Cook, Benjamin I. 1,2; Email Address: bc9z@ldeo.columbia.edu Wolkovich, Elizabeth M. 3 Parmesa, Camille 4,5; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025  2: Ocean and Climate Physics, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964  3: Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103-0116  4: Marine Institute, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL9 OBL, United Kingdom  5: Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Université Montpellier, Montpellier 34095, France; Source Info: 6/5/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 23, p9000; Subject Term: DIVERGENCE (Biology); Subject Term: PHENOLOGY; Subject Term: VERNALIZATION; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL forecasting; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on plants; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SEASONAL temperature variations; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGICAL effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecological forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: growing season; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1118364109
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feller, Jeffrey Robert
AU  - Johnson, Wesley
T1  - Dependence of multi-layer insulation thermal performance on interstitial gas pressure.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/06/08/
VL  - 1434
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 54
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Four examples of multi-layer insulation (MLI) blankets, differing in layer density, thickness, and spacer type, were evaluated using the Cryostat-100 fixture, a cylindrical calorimeter, in the Cryogenic Test Laboratory at Kennedy Space Center. The steady state thermal performance of each was measured at pressures ranging from high vacuum (down to 10-6 Torr) up to 1 atmosphere. The four heat flux versus pressure data sets were reduced to a single "universal curve", demonstrating the essential parameters that determine how the performance of a generic blanket depends on interstitial gas pressure. A simple phenomenological model based on molecular collision probabilities is followed by a systematic curve fitting procedure encompassing the entire pressure range. The final result is a closed-form expression for the pressure-dependent heat flux that can be readily generalized to arbitrary thermal boundary temperatures, gas species, and MLI blanket thickness and layer density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - CALORIMETERS
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - PHYSICS laboratories
KW  - JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center
N1  - Accession Number: 76488220; Feller, Jeffrey Robert 1; Email Address: jeffrey.r.feller@nasa.gov Johnson, Wesley 2; Email Address: Wesley.L.Johnson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Cryogenics Group Moffett Field, CA, 94035,  2: NASA Kennedy Space Center, NE-F6 Kennedy Space Center, FL, 32899,; Source Info: 6/8/2012, Vol. 1434 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: CALORIMETERS; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: PHYSICS laboratories; Company/Entity: JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4706904
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helvensteijn, Bernardus P
AU  - Wang, Yu
AU  - Levan, Douglas
AU  - Luna, Bernadette
AU  - Kashani, Ali
T1  - Adsorption of oxygen onto zeolites at pressures up to 15 MPa.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/06/08/
VL  - 1434
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1245
EP  - 1252
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - For NASA applications, high-pressure oxygen is an integral part of portable life support systems (PLSSs) for Extravehicular Activities (EVAs), some fuel cell systems and potential In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) systems. New high-pressure oxygen generation systems will be needed on the International Space Station (to enable EVAs after the Shuttle is retired), on a Lunar Lander (to use lower pressure cryogenic tanks as a source of high pressure oxygen for EVAs) and on a planetary habitat (to generate and store high pressure oxygen for extended periods of time). One of the candidate technologies for producing high-pressure oxygen, temperature swing adsorption (TSA) compression, offers many advantages but has a low technology readiness level. Evaluation of technical feasibility and safety issues, and specification of operating parameters of the compressor require the availability of fundamental equilibrium adsorption data. A cryogenic, highpressure volumetric equilibrium adsorption apparatus has been developed at NASA Ames Research Center to facilitate collection of the needed data. The apparatus incorporates cryogenic and vacuum surrounds, and a high-pressure oxygen circuit. In this paper, lowtemperature equilibrium isotherms of oxygen on various sorbent materials are presented. The data presented will aid the development of a space qualified TSA system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - GASES -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - ZEOLITES
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - FUEL cells
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 76488421; Helvensteijn, Bernardus P 1; Email Address: bernardus.p.helvensteijn@nasa.gov Wang, Yu 2; Email Address: yu.wang@vanderbilt.edu Levan, Douglas 2; Email Address: m.douglas.levan@Vanderbilt.Edu Luna, Bernadette 3; Email Address: bernadette.luna-1@nasa.gov Kashani, Ali 1; Email Address: akashani@atlasscientific.com; Affiliation:  1: Atlas Scientific at NASA, Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035,  2: Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN 37235,  3: Space Biosciences, NASA, Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035,; Source Info: 6/8/2012, Vol. 1434 Issue 1, p1245; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: GASES -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: ZEOLITES; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: FUEL cells; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4707047
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76488421&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kudlac, Maureen
AU  - Weaver, Harold
AU  - Cmar, Mark
T1  - NASA Plum Brook's B-2 test facility-Thermal vacuum and propellant test facility.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/06/08/
VL  - 1434
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1253
EP  - 1260
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) Plum Brook Station (PBS) Spacecraft Propulsion Research Facility, commonly referred to as B-2, is NASA's third largest thermal vacuum facility. It is the largest designed to store and transfer large quantities of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, and is perfectly suited to support developmental testing of upper stage chemical propulsion systems as well as fully integrated stages. The facility is also capable of providing thermal-vacuum simulation services to support testing of large lightweight structures, Cryogenic Fluid Management (CFM) systems, electric propulsion test programs, and other In-Space propulsion programs. A recently completed integrated system test demonstrated the refurbished thermal vacuum capabilities of the facility. The test used the modernized data acquisition and control system to monitor the facility. The heat sink provided a uniform temperature environment of approximately 77K. The modernized infrared lamp array produced a nominal heat flux of 1.4 kW/m2. With the lamp array and heat sink operating simultaneously, the thermal systems produced a heat flux pattern simulating radiation to space on one surface and solar exposure on the other surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - LIQUID oxygen
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - HEAT sinks (Electronics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 76488433; Kudlac, Maureen 1; Email Address: maureen.t.kudlac@nasa.gov Weaver, Harold 2; Email Address: Harold.F.Weaver@nasa.gov Cmar, Mark 3; Email Address: Mark.D.Cmar@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field 2100 Brookpark Road Cleveland, Ohio, 44313,  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Plum Brook Station 6100 Columbus Avenue Sandusky, Ohio, 44870,  3: Sierra Lobo Inc, NASA Glenn Research Center, Plum Brook Station 6100 Columbus Avenue Sandusky, Ohio, 44870,; Source Info: 6/8/2012, Vol. 1434 Issue 1, p1253; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: LIQUID oxygen; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: HEAT sinks (Electronics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4707048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76488433&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Partridge, Jonathan K.
T1  - Fractional consumption of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen during the space shuttle program.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/06/08/
VL  - 1434
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1765
EP  - 1770
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Space Shuttle uses the propellants, liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, to meet part of the propulsion requirements from ground to orbit. The Kennedy Space Center procured over 350 million liters of liquid hydrogen and over 200 million liters of liquid oxygen during the 30-year Space Shuttle Program. Because of the nature of the cryogenic propellants, approximately 54% of the total purchased liquid hydrogen and 32% of the total purchased liquid oxygen were used in the Space Shuttle Main Engines. The balance of the propellants were vaporized during operations for various purposes. This paper dissects the total consumption of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen and determines the fraction attributable to each of the various processing and launch operations that occurred during the entire Space Shuttle Program at the Kennedy Space Center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - LIQUID oxygen
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center
N1  - Accession Number: 76488340; Partridge, Jonathan K. 1; Email Address: jonathan.k.partridge@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899,; Source Info: 6/8/2012, Vol. 1434 Issue 1, p1765; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: LIQUID oxygen; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Company/Entity: JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4707112
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dall’Ora, M.
AU  - Kinemuchi, Karen
AU  - Ripepi, Vincenzo
AU  - Rodgers, Christopher T.
AU  - Clementini, Gisella
AU  - Di Fabrizio, Luca
AU  - Smith, Horace A.
AU  - Marconi, Marcella
AU  - Musella, Ilaria
AU  - Greco, Claudia
AU  - Kuehn, Charles A.
AU  - Catelan, Márcio
AU  - Pritzl, Barton J.
AU  - Beers, Timothy C.
T1  - STELLAR ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE GALACTIC HALO WITH THE ULTRA-FAINT DWARFS. VI. URSA MAJOR II.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/06/10/
VL  - 752
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a B, V color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of the Milky Way dwarf satellite Ursa Major II (UMa II), spanning the magnitude range from V ∼ 15 to V ∼ 23.5 mag and extending over an 18 × 18 arcmin2 area centered on the Galaxy. Our photometry goes down to about 2 mag below the Galaxy's main-sequence turnoff that we detected at V ∼ 21.5 mag. We have discovered a bona fide RR Lyrae variable star in UMa II, which we use to estimate a conservative dereddened distance modulus for the galaxy of (m – M)0 = 17.70 ± 0.04 ± 0.12 mag, where the first error accounts for the uncertainties of the calibrated photometry, and the second reflects our lack of information on the metallicity of the star. The corresponding distance to UMa II is 34.7+0.6–0.7(+2.0–1.9) kpc. Our photometry shows evidence of a spread in the Galaxy's subgiant branch, compatible with a spread in metal abundance in the range between Z = 0.0001 and Z = 0.001. Based on our estimate of the distance, a comparison of the fiducial lines of the Galactic globular clusters M68 and M5 ([Fe/H] = –2.27 ± 0.04 dex and –1.33 ± 0.02 dex, respectively), with the position on the CMD of spectroscopically confirmed Galaxy members, may suggest the existence of stellar populations of different metal abundance/age in the central region of UMa II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - URSA Major
KW  - STARS -- Color
KW  - STELLAR magnitudes
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 97997766; Dall’Ora, M. 1; Email Address: dallora@na.astro.it Kinemuchi, Karen 2; Email Address: karen.kinemuchi@nasa.gov Ripepi, Vincenzo 1; Email Address: ripepi@na.astro.it Rodgers, Christopher T. 3; Email Address: crodgers@uwyo.edu Clementini, Gisella 4; Email Address: gisella.clementini@oabo.inaf.it Di Fabrizio, Luca 5; Email Address: difabrizio@tng.iac.es Smith, Horace A. 6; Email Address: smith@pa.msu.edu Marconi, Marcella 1; Email Address: marcella@na.astro.it Musella, Ilaria 1; Email Address: ilaria@na.astro.it Greco, Claudia 7; Email Address: claudia.greco@obs.unige.ch Kuehn, Charles A. 6; Email Address: kuehncha@msu.edu Catelan, Márcio 8; Email Address: mcatelan@astro.puc.cl Pritzl, Barton J. 9; Email Address: pritzlb@uwosh.edu Beers, Timothy C. 10; Email Address: beers@pa.msu.edu; Affiliation:  1: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Napoli, Italy  2: NASA-Ames Research Center/Bay Area Environmental Research Institute Mail Stop 244-30, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  3: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA  4: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Bologna, Italy  5: INAF, Centro Galileo Galilei & Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, S. Cruz de La Palma, Spain  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA  7: Observatoire de Geneve, 51, ch. Des Maillettes, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland  8: Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wisconsin Oshkosh, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA  10: Department of Physics & Astronomy and JINA: Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Source Info: 6/10/2012, Vol. 752 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: URSA Major; Subject Term: STARS -- Color; Subject Term: STELLAR magnitudes; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/42
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97997766&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rappaport, S.
AU  - Levine, A.
AU  - Chiang, E.
AU  - El Mellah, I.
AU  - Jenkins, J.
AU  - Kalomeni, B.
AU  - Kite, E. S.
AU  - Kotson, M.
AU  - Nelson, L.
AU  - Rousseau-Nepton, L.
AU  - Tran, K.
T1  - POSSIBLE DISINTEGRATING SHORT-PERIOD SUPER-MERCURY ORBITING KIC 12557548.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/06/10/
VL  - 752
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report on the discovery of stellar occultations, observed with Kepler, which recur periodically at 15.685 hr intervals, but which vary in depth from a maximum of 1.3% to a minimum that can be less than 0.2%. The star that is apparently being occulted is KIC 12557548, a V = 16 mag K dwarf with Teff, s ≃ 4400 K. The out-of-occultation behavior shows no evidence for ellipsoidal light variations, indicating that the mass of the orbiting object is less than ∼3 MJ (for an orbital period of 15.7 hr). Because the eclipse depths are highly variable, they cannot be due solely to transits of a single planet with a fixed size. We discuss but dismiss a scenario involving a binary giant planet whose mutual orbit plane precesses, bringing one of the planets into and out of a grazing transit. This scenario seems ruled out by the dynamical instability that would result from such a configuration. We also briefly consider an eclipsing binary, possibly containing an accretion disk, that either orbits KIC 12557548 in a hierarchical triple configuration or is nearby on the sky, but we find such a scenario inadequate to reproduce the observations. The much more likely explanation—but one which still requires more quantitative development—involves macroscopic particles escaping the atmosphere of a slowly disintegrating planet not much larger than Mercury in size. The particles could take the form of micron-sized pyroxene or aluminum oxide dust grains. The planetary surface is hot enough to sublimate and create a high-Z atmosphere; this atmosphere may be loaded with dust via cloud condensation or explosive volcanism. Atmospheric gas escapes the planet via a Parker-type thermal wind, dragging dust grains with it. We infer a mass-loss rate from the observations of order 1 M⊕ Gyr–1, with a dust-to-gas ratio possibly of order unity. For our fiducial 0.1 M⊕ planet (twice the mass of Mercury), the evaporation timescale may be ∼0.2 Gyr. Smaller mass planets are disfavored because they evaporate still more quickly, as are larger mass planets because they have surface gravities too strong to sustain outflows with the requisite mass-loss rates. The occultation profile evinces an ingress-egress asymmetry that could reflect a comet-like dust tail trailing the planet; we present simulations of such a tail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97997736; Rappaport, S. 1; Email Address: sar@mit.edu Levine, A. 2; Email Address: laurie.r-nepton.1@ulaval.ca Chiang, E. 3,4; Email Address: echiang@astro.berkeley.edu El Mellah, I. 1,5; Email Address: ielmelah@ens-cachan.fr Jenkins, J. 6; Email Address: Jon.M.Jenkins@nasa.gov Kalomeni, B. 2,7,8; Email Address: belinda.kalomeni@ege.edu.tr Kite, E. S. 4,9; Email Address: ekite@caltech.edu Kotson, M. 1 Nelson, L. 10; Email Address: lnelson@ubishops.ca Rousseau-Nepton, L. 11 Tran, K. 1; Affiliation:  1: 37-602B, M.I.T. Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 70 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: 37-575, M.I.T. Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 70 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Hearst Field Annex B-20, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, UC Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA  5: ENS Cachan, 61 avenue du Président Wilson, 94235 Cachan, France  6: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Ege, 35100 Bornova-Izmir, Turkey  8: Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Turkey  9: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  10: Department of Physics, Bishop's University, 2600 College St., Sherbrooke, Quebec, QC J1M 1Z7, Canada  11: Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada; Source Info: 6/10/2012, Vol. 752 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/752/1/1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97997736&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morgan, Jennifer L. L.
AU  - Skulan, Joseph L.
AU  - Gordon, Gwyneth W.
AU  - Romaniello, Stephen J.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
AU  - Anbar, Ariel D.
T1  - Rapidly assessing changes in bone mineral balance using natural stable calcium isotopes.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/06/19/
VL  - 109
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 9989
EP  - 9994
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The ability to rapidly detect changes in bone mineral balance (BMB) would be of great value in the early diagnosis and evaluation of therapies for metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis and some cancers. However, measurements of BMB are hampered by difficulties with using biochemical markers to quantify the relative rates of bone resorption and formation and the need to wait months to years for altered BMB to produce changes in bone mineral density large enough to resolve by X-ray densitometry. We show here that, in humans, the natural abundances of Ca isotopes in urine change rapidly in response to changes in BMB. In a bed rest experiment, use of high-precision isotope ratio MS allowed the onset of bone loss to be detected in Ca isotope data after about 1 wk, long before bone mineral density has changed enough to be detectable with densitometry. The physiological basis of the relationship between Ca isotopes and BMB is sufficiently understood to allow quantitative translation of changes in Ca isotope abundances to changes in bone mineral density using a simple model. The rate of change of bone mineral density inferred from Ca isotopes is consistent with the rate observed by densitometry in long-term bed rest studies. Ca isotopic analysis provides a powerful way to monitor bone loss, potentially making it possible to diagnose metabolic bone disease and track the impact of treatments more effectively than is currently possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BONE density
KW  - CALCIUM isotopes
KW  - BONES -- Metabolism -- Disorders
KW  - BONES -- Diseases
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - BONE densitometry
KW  - TREATMENT
KW  - biomarker
KW  - biosignature
KW  - medical geology
KW  - osteopenia
KW  - spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 77416447; Morgan, Jennifer L. L. 1,2 Skulan, Joseph L. 3; Email Address: jlskulan@geology.wisc.edu Gordon, Gwyneth W. 3 Romaniello, Stephen J. 3 Smith, Scott M. 2 Anbar, Ariel D. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287  2: Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058  3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; Source Info: 6/19/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 25, p9989; Subject Term: BONE density; Subject Term: CALCIUM isotopes; Subject Term: BONES -- Metabolism -- Disorders; Subject Term: BONES -- Diseases; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: BONE densitometry; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomarker; Author-Supplied Keyword: biosignature; Author-Supplied Keyword: medical geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: osteopenia; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1119587109
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77416447&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
AU  - Crawford, T. Daniel
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Quartic force field predictions of the fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants of the cations HOCO+ and DOCO+.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2012/06/21/
VL  - 136
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 234309
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Only one fundamental vibrational frequency of protonated carbon dioxide (HOCO+) has been experimentally observed in the gas phase: the ν1 O-H stretch. Utilizing quartic force fields defined from CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVXZ (X = T,Q,5) complete basis set limit extrapolated energies modified to include corrections for core correlation and scalar relativistic effects coupled to vibrational perturbation theory and vibrational configuration interaction computations, we are predicting the full set of gas phase fundamental vibrational frequencies of HOCO+. Our prediction of ν1 is within less than 1 cm-1 of the experimental value. Our computations also include predictions of the gas phase fundamental vibrational frequencies of the deuterated form of the cation, DOCO+. Additionally, other spectroscopic constants for both systems are reported as part of this study, and a search for a cis-HOCO+ minimum found no such stationary point on the potential surface indicating that only the trans isomer is stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - GAS phase reactions
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - PROTON transfer reactions
KW  - SURFACE potential
KW  - ISOMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 77656851; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2 Francisco, Joseph S. 3 Crawford, T. Daniel 1 Lee, Timothy J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061,  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  3: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907,  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Source Info: 6/21/2012, Vol. 136 Issue 23, p234309; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: GAS phase reactions; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: PROTON transfer reactions; Subject Term: SURFACE potential; Subject Term: ISOMERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4729309
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77656851&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tadić, Jovan M.
AU  - Moortgat, Geert K.
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Photochemistry and Photophysics of n-Butanal, 3-Methylbutanal, and 3,3-Dimethylbutanal: Experimental and Theoretical Study.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2012/06/21/
VL  - 116
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 5830
EP  - 5839
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Dilute mixtures of n-butanal, 3-methylbutanal, and 3,3-dimethylbutanal in synthetic air, different N2/O2mixtures, and pure nitrogen (up to 100 ppm) were photolyzed with fluorescent UV lamps (275–380 nm) at 298 K. The main photooxidation products were ethene (n-butanal), propene (3-methylbutanal) or i-butene (3,3-dimethylbutanal), CO, vinylalcohol, and ethanal. The photolysis rates and the absolute quantum yields were found to be dependent on the total pressure of synthetic air but not of nitrogen. At 100 Torr, the total quantum yield Φ100= 0.45 ± 0.01 and 0.49 ± 0.07, whereas at 700 Torr, Φ700= 0.31 ± 0.01 and 0.36 ± 0.03 for 3-methylbutanal and 3,3-dimethybutanal, respectively. Quantum yield values for n-butanal were reported earlier by Tadić et al. (J. Photochem. Photobiol. A2001143, 169–179) to be Φ100= 0.48 ± 0.02 and Φ700= 0.32 ± 0.01. Two decomposition channels were identified: the radical channel RCHO → R + HCO (Norrish type I) and the molecular channel CH3CH(CH3)CH2CHO → CH2CHCH3+ CH2CHOH or CH3C(CH3)2CH2CHO → CHC(CH3)CH3+ CH2CHOH, (Norrish type II) having the absolute quantum yields of 0.123 and 0.119 for 3-methybutanal and 0.071 and 0.199 for 3,3-dimethylbutanal at 700 Torr of synthetic air. The product ethenol CH2CHOH tautomerizes to ethanal. We have performed ab initio and density functional quantum (DFT) chemical computations of both type I and type II processes starting from the singlet and triplet excited states. We conclude that the Norrish type I dissociation produces radicals from both singlet and triplet excited states, while Norrish type II dissociation is a two-step process starting from the triplet excited state, but is a concerted process from the singlet state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - BUTANOL
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET lamps
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry)
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - GAS mixtures
N1  - Accession Number: 80742626; Tadić, Jovan M. 1 Moortgat, Geert K. 1 Bera, Partha P. 1 Loewenstein, Max 1 Yates, Emma L. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 1; Affiliation:  1: †NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, United States; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 116 Issue 24, p5830; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: BUTANOL; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET lamps; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: GAS mixtures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335120 Lighting fixture manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335129 Other Lighting Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuylle, Steven H.
AU  - Tenenbaum, Emily D.
AU  - Bouwman, Jordy
AU  - Linnartz, Harold
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
T1  - Ly.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/06/21/
VL  - 423
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1825
EP  - 1830
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT Infrared emission features assigned to gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are observed in space along many lines of sight. In regions where interstellar ices are present, these emissions are largely quenched. It is here that PAHs form agglomerates covered by ice or freeze out on to dust grains, together with volatile species such as H2O, CO, CO2 and NH3. Upon exposure to the Lyα-dominated interstellar radiation field, PAHs are expected to participate in photo-induced chemical reactions, explicitly also involving the surrounding ice matrix. In this paper, a systematic laboratory-based study is presented for the solid-state behaviour of the PAHs pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene upon Lyα irradiation in ammonia and mixed NH3:H2O astronomical ice analogues. The results are compared to recently published work focusing on a pure water ice environment. It is found that the ice matrix acts as an 'electronic solid-state switch' in which the relative amount of water and ammonia determines whether positively or negatively charged PAHs form. In pure water ice, cations are generated through direct ionization, whereas in pure ammonia ice, anions form through electron donation from ammonia-related photoproducts. The solid-state process controlling this latter channel involves electron transfer, rather than acid-base type proton transfer. In the mixed ice, the resulting products depend on the mixing ratio. The astronomical consequences of these laboratory findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - methods: laboratory
KW  - molecular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 76445495; Cuylle, Steven H. 1 Tenenbaum, Emily D. 1 Bouwman, Jordy 1 Linnartz, Harold 1 Allamandola, Louis J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 423 Issue 2, p1825; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular processes; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21006.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Johansen, Anders
AU  - Bizzarro, Martin
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Brugamyer, Erik
AU  - Caldwell, Caroline
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald L.
AU  - Hansen, Terese
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
T1  - An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/06/21/
VL  - 486
IS  - 7403
M3  - Article
SP  - 375
EP  - 377
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The abundance of heavy elements (metallicity) in the photospheres of stars similar to the Sun provides a 'fossil' record of the chemical composition of the initial protoplanetary disk. Metal-rich stars are much more likely to harbour gas giant planets, supporting the model that planets form by accumulation of dust and ice particles. Recent ground-based surveys suggest that this correlation is weakened for Neptunian-sized planets. However, how the relationship between size and metallicity extends into the regime of terrestrial-sized exoplanets is unknown. Here we report spectroscopic metallicities of the host stars of 226 small exoplanet candidates discovered by NASA's Kepler mission, including objects that are comparable in size to the terrestrial planets in the Solar System. We find that planets with radii less than four Earth radii form around host stars with a wide range of metallicities (but on average a metallicity close to that of the Sun), whereas large planets preferentially form around stars with higher metallicities. This observation suggests that terrestrial planets may be widespread in the disk of the Galaxy, with no special requirement of enhanced metallicity for their formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - HEAVY elements
KW  - STELLAR photospheres
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 77206212; Buchhave, Lars A. 1 Latham, David W. 2 Johansen, Anders 3 Bizzarro, Martin 4 Torres, Guillermo 2 Rowe, Jason F. 5 Batalha, Natalie M. 6 Borucki, William J. 7 Brugamyer, Erik 8 Caldwell, Caroline 8 Bryson, Stephen T. 7 Ciardi, David R. 9 Cochran, William D. 8 Endl, Michael 8 Esquerdo, Gilbert A. 2 Ford, Eric B. 10 Geary, John C. 2 Gilliland, Ronald L. 11 Hansen, Terese 12 Isaacson, Howard 13; Affiliation:  1: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  3: Lund Observatory, Lund University, Box 43, 221 00 Lund, Sweden  4: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  5: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  6: San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  8: University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA  9: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  10: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA  11: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA  12: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  13: University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA; Source Info: 6/21/2012, Vol. 486 Issue 7403, p375; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: HEAVY elements; Subject Term: STELLAR photospheres; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11121
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adamczyk, A.M.
AU  - Norman, R.B.
AU  - Sriprisan, S.I.
AU  - Townsend, L.W.
AU  - Norbury, J.W.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Slaba, T.C.
T1  - NUCFRG3: Light ion improvements to the nuclear fragmentation model
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A
Y1  - 2012/06/21/
VL  - 678
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 32
SN  - 01689002
AB  - Abstract: Light ion improvements to the nuclear fragmentation model, NUCFRG, are reported. Improvements include the replacement of the simple light ion production model with a light ion coalescence model and an improved electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) formalism. Prior versions of the model provide reasonable overall agreement with measured data; however, those versions lack a physics-based description for coalescence and EMD. The version reported herein, NUCFRG3, has improved the theoretical descriptions of these mechanisms and offers additional benefits, such as the capability to calculate EMD cross-sections for single deuteron, triton, helion, and alpha particle emission. NUCFRG3 model evaluation and validation show that the predictive capability has been improved and strengthened by the light ion physics-based changes. Based on increased capability and better theoretical grounding, it is recommended that NUCFRG3 replace its predecessors for space radiation assessments and other applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR fragmentation
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - DEUTERONS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - Coalescence
KW  - Data bases
KW  - Electromagnetic dissociation cross-sections
KW  - Fragmentation
KW  - Nuclear physics
KW  - Scattering cross-sections
N1  - Accession Number: 75010359; Adamczyk, A.M. 1; Email Address: aadamczy@utk.edu Norman, R.B. 2; Email Address: Ryan.B.Norman@nasa.gov Sriprisan, S.I. 3; Email Address: isriprisan@PVAMU.edu Townsend, L.W. 1; Email Address: ltownsen@utk.edu Norbury, J.W. 2; Email Address: John.W.Norbury@nasa.gov Blattnig, S.R. 2; Email Address: Steve.R.Blattnig@nasa.gov Slaba, T.C. 2; Email Address: Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Tennessee, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 315 Pasqua Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Prairie View A&M University, Department of Chemical Engineering, P.O. Box 519, Prairie View, TX 77446, USA; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 678, p21; Subject Term: NUCLEAR fragmentation; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: DEUTERONS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coalescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data bases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic dissociation cross-sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fragmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering cross-sections; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nima.2012.02.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chapman, Emma
AU  - Abdalla, Filipe B.
AU  - Harker, Geraint
AU  - Jelić, Vibor
AU  - Labropoulos, Panagiotis
AU  - Zaroubi, Saleem
AU  - Brentjens, Michiel A.
AU  - de Bruyn, A. G.
AU  - Koopmans, L. V. E.
T1  - Foreground removal using fastica: a showcase of LOFAR-EoR.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/06/25/
VL  - 423
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2518
EP  - 2532
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We introduce a new implementation of the fastica algorithm on simulated Low Frequency Array Epoch of Reionization data with the aim of accurately removing the foregrounds and extracting the 21-cm reionization signal. We find that the method successfully removes the foregrounds with an average fitting error of 0.5 per cent and that the 2D and 3D power spectra are recovered across the frequency range. We find that for scales above several point spread function scales, the 21-cm variance is successfully recovered though there is evidence of noise leakage into the reconstructed foreground components. We find that this blind independent component analysis technique provides encouraging results without the danger of prior foreground assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - IONIZATION energy
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - INDEPENDENT component analysis
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - cosmology: theory
KW  - dark ages, reionization, first stars
KW  - diffuse radiation
KW  - methods: statistical
N1  - Accession Number: 85656147; Chapman, Emma 1 Abdalla, Filipe B. 1 Harker, Geraint 2,3 Jelić, Vibor 4 Labropoulos, Panagiotis 4,5 Zaroubi, Saleem 5 Brentjens, Michiel A. 4 de Bruyn, A. G. 4,5 Koopmans, L. V. E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT  2: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA  3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: ASTRON, PO Box 2, NL-7990AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands  5: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Source Info: Jun2012, Vol. 423 Issue 3, p2518; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: IONIZATION energy; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: INDEPENDENT component analysis; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark ages, reionization, first stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffuse radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 29 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Valdivia-Silva, Julio E.
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - Fletcher, Lauren
AU  - Perez-Montaño, Saúl
AU  - Condori-Apaza, Reneé
AU  - Mckay, Christopher P.
T1  - Soil carbon distribution and site characteristics in hyper-arid soils of the Atacama Desert: A site with Mars-like soils
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
EP  - 122
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The soil carbon content and its relation to site characteristics are important in evaluating current local, regional, and global soil C storage and projecting future variations in response to climate change. In this study we analyzed the concentration of organic and inorganic carbon and their relationship with in situ climatic and geological characteristics in 485 samples of surface soil and 17 pits from the hyper-arid area and 51 samples with 2 pits from the arid–semiarid region from the Atacama Desert located in Peru and Chile. The soil organic carbon (SOC) in hyperarid soils ranged from 1.8 to 50.9μgC per g of soil for the 0–0.1m profile and from 1.8 to 125.2μgC per g of soil for the 0–1m profile. The analysis of climatic (temperature and precipitation), elevation, and some geologic characteristics (landforms) associated with hyper-arid soils explained partially the SOC variability. On the other hand, soil inorganic carbon (SIC) contents, in the form of carbonates, ranged from 200 to 1500μgC per g of soil for the 0–0.1m profile and from 200 to 3000μgC per g of soil for the 0–1.0m profile in the driest area. The largest accumulations of organic and inorganic carbon were found near to arid–semiarid areas. In addition, the elemental carbon concentrations show that the presence of other forms of inorganic carbon (e.g. graphite, etc.) was negligible in these hyperarid soils. Overall, the top 1m soil layer of hyperarid lands contains ∼11.6Tg of organic carbon and 344.6Tg of carbonate carbon. The total stored carbon was 30.8-fold the organic carbon alone. To our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating the total budget carbon on the surface and shallow subsurface on ∼160,000km2 of hyperarid soils. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON in soils
KW  - ARID soils
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SOIL temperature
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - HUMUS
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - CHILE
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Carbon storage
KW  - Hyperarid soils
KW  - Mars analogue
KW  - Pampas de La Joya
N1  - Accession Number: 75355610; Valdivia-Silva, Julio E. 1,2; Email Address: julio.e.valdiviasilva@nasa.gov Navarro-González, Rafael 1 Fletcher, Lauren 3 Perez-Montaño, Saúl 4 Condori-Apaza, Reneé 5 Mckay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Química de Plasmas y Estudios Planetarios, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 04510, México DF, Mexico  2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: University of Oxford, Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Oxford, UK  4: Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  5: Universidad Nacional San Agustín, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Arequipa, Peru; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p108; Subject Term: CARBON in soils; Subject Term: ARID soils; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SOIL temperature; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: HUMUS; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Subject Term: CHILE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperarid soils; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars analogue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pampas de La Joya; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.03.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norman, R.B.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - De Angelis, G.
AU  - Badavi, F.F.
AU  - Norbury, J.W.
T1  - Deterministic pion and muon transport in Earth’s atmosphere
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 155
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: An accurate understanding of the physical interactions and transport of space radiation is important for safe and efficient space operations. Secondary particles produced by primary particle interactions with intervening materials are an important contribution to radiation risk. Pions are copiously produced in the nuclear interactions typical of space radiations and can therefore be an important contribution to radiation exposure. Charged pions decay almost exclusively to muons. As a consequence, muons must also be considered in space radiation exposure studies. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code HZETRN has been extended to include the transport of charged pions and muons. The relevant transport equation, solution method, and implemented cross sections are reviewed. Muon production in the Earth’s upper atmosphere is then investigated, and comparisons with recent balloon flight measurements of differential muon flux are presented. Muon production from the updated version of HZETRN is found to match the experimental data well. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - PIONS
KW  - MUONS
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Muon
KW  - Pion
KW  - Radiation transport
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 75355613; Norman, R.B. 1; Email Address: ryan.b.norman@nasa.gov Blattnig, S.R. 1; Email Address: steve.r.blattnig@nasa.gov De Angelis, G. 2; Email Address: giovanni.deangelis@mdacorporation.com Badavi, F.F. 3; Email Address: francis.f.badavi@nasa.gov Norbury, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: MDA Corporation, Schepkina St. 33, Moscow 129090, Russia  3: Christopher Newport University, 1 University Pl., Newport News, VA 23606, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p146; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: PIONS; Subject Term: MUONS; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.03.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balakumar, R.
AU  - King, Rudolph A.
T1  - Receptivity and Stability of Supersonic Swept Flows.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 50
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1476
EP  - 1489
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The receptivity, stability, and transition of three-dimensional supersonic boundary layers over 1) a swept cylinder, 2) a swept wing with a sharp leading edge, and 3) a swept wing with a blunt leading edge are numerically investigated for a freestream Mach number of 3. These computations are performed for the same conditions as those in the experimental and computational study of Archambaud et al. (Archambaud, J. P., Louis, F., Séraudie, A., Arnai, D., and Carrier, G., "Natural Transition in Supersonic Flows: Flat Plate, Swept Cylinder, Swept Wing,"AIAA Paper 2004-2245, 2004). The steady snowfields with and without roughness elements are obtained by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations. The N factors computed in this study at the transition onset locations reported by Archambaud et al. for flows over the swept cylinder are approximately 16.5 for traveling crossflow disturbances and 9 for stationary disturbances. The N factors for the traveling crossflow are high based on past experiences. However, they are comparatively smaller than those reported by Archambaud et al., who found N-factor values in the range of 20 to 25 for traveling disturbances and 13 to 20 for stationary disturbances. The N factors computed for the traveling and stationary disturbances for the flow over the sharp wing are approximately 7 and 2.5, respectively, and for the flow over the blunt wing are 6.5 and 4.8, respectively. The initial amplitudes of the stationary crossflow vortices originating from the isolated roughness elements for the flow over the cylinder are about 300 times smaller than those generated in flows over the sharp and blunt wings with the same roughness heights. This explains the large differences observed in the N factors at the transition onsets between the flow over the cylinder and the wings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SWEPT-back wings (Airplanes)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - THERMOCOUPLES
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 77709769; Balakumar, R. 1 King, Rudolph A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 50 Issue 7, p1476; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SWEPT-back wings (Airplanes); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: THERMOCOUPLES; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051064
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Drdla, K.
AU  - Müller, R.
T1  - Temperature thresholds for chlorine activation and ozone loss in the polar stratosphere.
JO  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
JF  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 30
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1055
EP  - 1073
SN  - 09927689
AB  - Low stratospheric temperatures are known to be responsible for heterogeneous chlorine activation that leads to polar ozone depletion. Here, we discuss the temperature threshold below which substantial chlorine activation occurs. We suggest that the onset of chlorine activation is dominated by reactions on cold binary aerosol particles, without the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), i.e. without any significant uptake of HNO3 from the gas phase. Using reaction rates on cold binary aerosol in a model of stratospheric chemistry, a chlorine activation threshold temperature, TACL, is derived. At typical stratospheric conditions, TACL is similar in value to TNAT (within 1-2 K), the highest temperature at which nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) can exist. TNAT is still in use to parameterise the threshold temperature for the onset of chlorine activation. However, perturbations can cause TACL to differ from TNAT: TACL is dependent upon H2O and potential temperature, but unlike TNAT is not dependent upon HNO3. Furthermore, in contrast to TNAT, TACL is dependent upon the stratospheric sulfate aerosol loading and thus provides a means to estimate the impact on polar ozone of strong volcanic eruptions and some geo-engineering options, which are discussed. A parameterisation of TACL is provided here, allowing it to be calculated for low solar elevation (or high solar zenith angle) over a comprehensive range of stratospheric conditions. Considering TACL as a proxy for chlorine activation cannot replace a detailed model calculation, and polar ozone loss is influenced by other factors apart from the initial chlorine activation. However, TACL provides a more accurate description of the temperature conditions necessary for chlorine activation and ozone loss in the polar stratosphere than TNAT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annales Geophysicae (09927689) is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - CHLORINE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - OZONE layer depletion
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - Atmospheric composition and structure (Middle atmosphere - composition and chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 82459769; Drdla, K. 1 Müller, R. 2; Email Address: ro.mueller@fz-juelich.de; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 30 Issue 7, p1055; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: CHLORINE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: OZONE layer depletion; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric composition and structure (Middle atmosphere - composition and chemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/angeo-30-1055-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leenaarts, J.
AU  - Pereira, T.
AU  - Uitenbroek, H.
T1  - Fast approximation of angle-dependent partial redistribution in moving atmospheres.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 543
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Aims. Radiative transfer modeling of spectral lines including partial redistribution (PRD) effects requires the evaluation of the ratio of the emission to the absorption profile. This quantity requires a large amount of computational work if one employs the angle-dependent redistribution function, which prohibits its use in 3D radiative transfer computations with model atmospheres containing velocity fields. We aim to provide a method to compute the emission to absorption profile ratio that requires less computational work but retains the effect of angle-dependent scattering in the resulting line profiles. Methods. We present a method to compute the profile ratio that employs the angle-averaged redistribution function and wavelength transforms to and from the rest frame of the scattering particles. We compare the emergent line profiles of the Mg II k and Lyα lines computed with angle-dependent PRD, angle-averaged PRD and our new method in two representative test atmospheres. Results. The new method yields a good approximation of true angle-dependent profile ratio and the resulting emergent line profiles while keeping the computational speed and simplicity of angle-averaged PRD theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXCHANGE reactions
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 82907497; Leenaarts, J. 1,2; Email Address: jorritl@astro.uio.no Pereira, T. 3,4 Uitenbroek, H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway  2: Utrecht University, Postbus 80 000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Lockheed Martin ATC, Solar & Astrophysics Lab, Org. H1-12, Bldg. 252, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1187, USA  5: NSO/Sacramento Peak, PO Box 62, Sunspot, NM 88349-0062, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 543 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXCHANGE reactions; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219394
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thygesen, A. O.
AU  - Frandsen, S.
AU  - Bruntt, H.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Andersen, M. F.
AU  - Elsworth, Y. P.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Karoff, C.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Brogaard, K.
AU  - Burke, C.
AU  - Caldwell, D. A.
AU  - Christiansen, J. L.
T1  - Atmospheric parameters of 82 red giants in the Kepler field.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 543
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Accurate fundamental parameters of stars are essential for the asteroseismic analysis of data from the NASA Kepler mission. Aims. We aim at determining accurate atmospheric parameters and the abundance pattern for a sample of 82 red giants that are targets for the Kepler mission. Methods. We have used high-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra from three different spectrographs. We used the iterative spectral synthesis method VWA to derive the fundamental parameters from carefully selected high-quality iron lines. After determination of the fundamental parameters, abundances of 13 elements were measured using equivalent widths of the spectral lines. Results. We identify discrepancies in log g and [Fe/H], compared to the parameters based on photometric indices in the Kepler Input Catalogue (larger than 2.0 dex for log g and [Fe/H] for individual stars). The Teff found from spectroscopy and photometry shows good agreement within the uncertainties. We find good agreement between the spectroscopic log g and the log g derived from asteroseismology. Also, we see indications of a potential metallicity effect on the stellar oscillations. Conclusions. We have determined the fundamental parameters and element abundances of 82 red giants. The large discrepancies between the spectroscopic log g and [Fe/H] and values in the Kepler Input Catalogue emphasize the need for further detailed spectroscopic follow-up of the Kepler targets in order to produce reliable results from the asteroseismic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - RED giants
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - methods: observational
KW  - stars: abundances
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
N1  - Accession Number: 82907548; Thygesen, A. O. 1,2; Email Address: aot06@phys.au.dk Frandsen, S. 1 Bruntt, H. 1 Kallinger, T. 3 Andersen, M. F. 1 Elsworth, Y. P. 4 Hekker, S. 4,5 Karoff, C. 1 Stello, D. 6 Brogaard, K. 7 Burke, C. 8 Caldwell, D. A. 8 Christiansen, J. L. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  2: Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Königstuhl 12, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  5: Astronomical Institute, "Anton Pannekoek", University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  8: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 543 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: observational; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219237
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Temim, Tea
AU  - Sonneborn, George
AU  - Dwek, Eli
AU  - Arendt, Richard G.
AU  - Gehrz, Robert D.
AU  - Slane, Patrick
AU  - Roellig, Thomas L.
T1  - PROPERTIES AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF DUST EMISSION IN THE CRAB NEBULA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/07//7/1/2012
VL  - 753
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Recent infrared (IR) observations of freshly formed dust in supernova remnants have yielded significantly lower dust masses than predicted by theoretical models and measured from high-redshift observations. The Crab Nebula's pulsar wind is thought to be sweeping up freshly formed supernova (SN) dust along with the ejected gas. The evidence for this dust was found in the form of an IR excess in the integrated spectrum of the Crab and in extinction against the synchrotron nebula that revealed the presence of dust in the filament cores. We present the first spatially resolved emission spectra of dust in the Crab Nebula acquired with the Infrared Spectrograph on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. The IR spectra are dominated by synchrotron emission and show forbidden line emission from S, Si, Ne, Ar, O, Fe, and Ni. We derived a synchrotron spectral map from the 3.6 and 4.5 μm images, and subtracted this contribution from our data to produce a map of the residual continuum emission from dust. The dust emission appears to be concentrated along the ejecta filaments and is well described by an amorphous carbon or silicate grain compositions. We find a dust temperature of 55 ± 4 K for silicates and 60 ± 7 K for carbon grains. The total estimated dust mass is (1.2-12) × 10–3M☼, well below the theoretical dust yield predicted for a core-collapse supernova. Our grain heating model implies that the dust grain radii are relatively small, unlike what is expected for dust grains formed in a Type IIP SN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRAB Nebula
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 97997967; Temim, Tea 1,2; Email Address: tea.temim@nasa.gov Sonneborn, George 1 Dwek, Eli 1 Arendt, Richard G. 1,3 Gehrz, Robert D. 4 Slane, Patrick 5 Roellig, Thomas L. 6; Affiliation:  1: Observational Cosmology Lab, Code 665, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA  3: CRESST, University of Maryland-Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  4: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 7/1/2012, Vol. 753 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CRAB Nebula; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics); Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/753/1/72
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thompson, Susan E.
AU  - Everett, Mark
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Rowe, Jason
AU  - Christiansen, Jessie L.
AU  - Kurtz, Donald W.
AU  - Hambleton, Kelly
AU  - Twicken, Joseph D.
AU  - Ibrahim, Khadeejah A.
AU  - Clarke, Bruce D.
T1  - A CLASS OF ECCENTRIC BINARIES WITH DYNAMIC TIDAL DISTORTIONS DISCOVERED WITH KEPLER.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/07//7/1/2012
VL  - 753
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have discovered a class of eccentric binary systems within the Kepler data archive that have dynamic tidal distortions and tidally induced pulsations. Each has a uniquely shaped light curve that is characterized by periodic brightening or variability at timescales of 4-20 days, frequently accompanied by shorter period oscillations. We can explain the dominant features of the entire class with orbitally varying tidal forces that occur in close, eccentric binary systems. The large variety of light curve shapes arises from viewing systems at different angles. This hypothesis is supported by spectroscopic radial velocity measurements for five systems, each showing evidence of being in an eccentric binary system. Prior to the discovery of these 17 new systems, only four stars, where KOI-54 is the best example, were known to have evidence of these dynamic tides and tidally induced oscillations. We perform preliminary fits to the light curves and radial velocity data, present the overall properties of this class, and discuss the work required to accurately model these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - TIDAL forces (Mechanics)
KW  - BINARY pulsars
KW  - MULTIPLE stars
N1  - Accession Number: 97997983; Thompson, Susan E. 1,2,3; Email Address: susan.e.thompson@nasa.gov Everett, Mark 4 Mullally, Fergal 1,2 Barclay, Thomas 1,5 Howell, Steve B. 1 Still, Martin 1,5 Rowe, Jason 1,2 Christiansen, Jessie L. 1,2 Kurtz, Donald W. 6 Hambleton, Kelly 6 Twicken, Joseph D. 1,2 Ibrahim, Khadeejah A. 1,7 Clarke, Bruce D. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: a.k.a. Susan E. Mullally  4: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  6: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK  7: Orbital Sciences Corporation, 17143 Flight Systems Drive, Mojave, CA 93501, USA; Source Info: 7/1/2012, Vol. 753 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: TIDAL forces (Mechanics); Subject Term: BINARY pulsars; Subject Term: MULTIPLE stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/753/1/86
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alston, E. J.
AU  - Sokolik, I. N.
AU  - Kalashnikova, O. V.
T1  - Characterization of atmospheric aerosol in the US Southeast from ground- and space-based measurements over the past decade.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 5
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1667
EP  - 1682
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study that characterizes atmospheric aerosols from the ground and space over the U.S. Southeast from ground- and space-based measurements during the past decade. The study uses surface particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter above 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5) dry mass measurements from two different networks. It reveals that strong seasonality exists in both the AOD and PM2.5 datasets .
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MICROMETERS (Instruments)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 79445641; Alston, E. J. 1,2; Email Address: erica.j.alston@nasa.gov Sokolik, I. N. 2 Kalashnikova, O. V. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 7, p1667; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MICROMETERS (Instruments); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: UNITED States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332210 Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332216 Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 12 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-1667-2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mamouri, R. E.
AU  - Papayannis, A.
AU  - Amiridis, V.
AU  - Müller, D.
AU  - Kokkalis, P.
AU  - Rapsomanikis, S.
AU  - Karageorgos, E. T.
AU  - Tsaknakis, G.
AU  - Nenes, A.
AU  - Kazadzis, S.
AU  - Remoundaki, E.
T1  - Multi-wavelength Raman lidar, sun photometric and aircraft measurements in combination with inversion models for the estimation of the aerosol optical and physico-chemical properties over Athens, Greece.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 5
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1793
EP  - 1808
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study that retrieves the optical, microphysical and chemical properties of tropospheric aerosols with a multi-wavelength Raman lidar system in the troposphere over an urban site in Athens, Greece. The study examines data obtained during the European Space Agency (ESA) THERMOPOLIS project. It also compares the retrieved aerosol microphysical properties with column-integrated sun photometer CIMEL data.
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ATHENS (Greece)
KW  - GREECE
N1  - Accession Number: 79445650; Mamouri, R. E. 1 Papayannis, A. 1; Email Address: apdlidar@central.ntua.gr Amiridis, V. 2 Müller, D. 3,4,5 Kokkalis, P. 1 Rapsomanikis, S. 6 Karageorgos, E. T. 6 Tsaknakis, G. 1 Nenes, A. 7,8 Kazadzis, S. 9 Remoundaki, E. 10; Affiliation:  1: National Technical University of Athens, Laser Remote Sensing Laboratory, Physics Department, Zografou, Greece  2: National Observatory of Athens, Institute for Space Applications and Remote Sensing, Athens, Greece  3: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany  4: Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Buk-Gu, Gwangju, Republic of Korea  5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  6: Democritus University Thrace, Department of Environmental Engineering, Xanthi, Greece  7: Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Atlanta, GA, USA  8: Institute of Chemical Engineering and High-Temperature Chemical Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, Patras, Greece  9: Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece  10: National Technical University of Athens, School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, Zografou, Greece; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 7, p1793; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ATHENS (Greece); Subject Term: GREECE; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-1793-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79445650&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tadić, J. M.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Frankenberg, C.
AU  - Iraci, L. T.
AU  - Yates, E. L.
AU  - Gore, W.
AU  - Kuze, A.
T1  - A comparison of in-situ aircraft measurements of carbon dioxide to GOSAT data measured over Railroad Valley playa, Nevada, USA.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 5641
EP  - 5664
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The article focuses on the comparison of in-situ aircraft measurements of carbon dioxide (CO²) Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) data measured over Railroad Valley, Nevada. It mentions that Atmospheric CO² observations (ACOS) from space was used to ana;yze the data. Moreover, agreement of the satellite and aircraft CO2 mixing ratios falls within the uncertainties of the employed methods.
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Analysis
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - NEVADA
N1  - Accession Number: 83290089; Tadić, J. M. 1 Loewenstein, M. 1; Email Address: max.loewenstein@nasa.gov Frankenberg, C. 2 Iraci, L. T. 1 Yates, E. L. 1 Gore, W. 1 Kuze, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  3: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 2-1-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p5641; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Analysis; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: NEVADA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-5-5641-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83290089&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moothi, Kapil
AU  - Iyuke, Sunny E.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Falcon, Rosemary
T1  - Coal as a carbon source for carbon nanotube synthesis
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 50
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2679
EP  - 2690
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: This article reviews the recent advances on the various processes used in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from different types of coal (anthracite, bituminous, etc.) and on the role played by coal as carbon source in the production of CNTs. The molecular solid coal is inexpensive and widely available in comparison to the most widely used solid carbon precursor, graphite (a lattice solid) and high purity hydrocarbon gas sources. An account is given on the different processes involved in the synthesis of various CNTs (single and multi-walled, bamboo-shaped, branched, etc.) from different types of coal (anthracite, bituminous, etc.). Both arc-discharge and thermal plasma jet produce high quality CNTs but fundamental disadvantages limit their use as large-scale synthesis routes. Chemical vapour deposition appears to be promising but further experimental work is necessary in order to develop an understanding of the complex factors governing the formation of different carbon nanomaterials from coal. Successful utilization of CNTs in various applications is strongly dependent on the development of simple, efficient and inexpensive technology for mass production and coal as a carbon source has the potential to meet the needs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYSIS of coal
KW  - CARBON nanotubes -- Synthesis
KW  - DRY ice
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - MASS production
KW  - PLASMA jets
N1  - Accession Number: 74309487; Moothi, Kapil 1,2 Iyuke, Sunny E. 1,2; Email Address: Sunny.Iyuke@wits.ac.za Meyyappan, M. 3,4 Falcon, Rosemary 1; Email Address: falcons@icon.co.za; Affiliation:  1: School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa  2: DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Strong Materials, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Division of IT-Convergence Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, South Korea; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 50 Issue 8, p2679; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of coal; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes -- Synthesis; Subject Term: DRY ice; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: MASS production; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2012.02.048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74309487&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zargar, Kamrun
AU  - Conrad, Alison
AU  - Bernick, David L.
AU  - Lowe, Todd M.
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
AU  - Hoeft, Shelley
AU  - Oremland, Ronald S.
AU  - Stolz, John
AU  - Saltikov, Chad W.
T1  - ArxA, a new clade of arsenite oxidase within the DMSO reductase family of molybdenum oxidoreductases.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1635
EP  - 1645
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Arsenotrophy, growth coupled to autotrophic arsenite oxidation or arsenate respiratory reduction, occurs only in the prokaryotic domain of life. The enzymes responsible for arsenotrophy belong to distinct clades within the DMSO reductase family of molybdenum-containing oxidoreductases: specifically arsenate respiratory reductase, ArrA, and arsenite oxidase, AioA (formerly referred to as AroA and AoxB). A new arsenite oxidase clade, ArxA, represented by the haloalkaliphilic bacterium Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii strain MLHE-1 was also identified in the photosynthetic purple sulfur bacterium Ectothiorhodospira sp. strain PHS-1. A draft genome sequence of PHS-1 was completed and an arx operon similar to MLHE-1 was identified. Gene expression studies showed that arxA was strongly induced with arsenite. Microbial ecology investigation led to the identification of additional arxA-like sequences in Mono Lake and Hot Creek sediments, both arsenic-rich environments in California. Phylogenetic analyses placed these sequences as distinct members of the ArxA clade of arsenite oxidases. ArxA-like sequences were also identified in metagenome sequences of several alkaline microbial mat environments of Yellowstone National Park hot springs. These results suggest that ArxA-type arsenite oxidases appear to be widely distributed in the environment presenting an opportunity for further investigations of the contribution of Arx-dependent arsenotrophy to the arsenic biogeochemical cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARSENITES
KW  - DIMETHYL sulfoxide
KW  - MOLYBDENUM oxides
KW  - OXIDOREDUCTASES
KW  - BACTERIAL enzymes
KW  - NUCLEOTIDE sequence
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
N1  - Accession Number: 77499262; Zargar, Kamrun 1 Conrad, Alison 1 Bernick, David L. 2 Lowe, Todd M. 2 Stolc, Viktor 3 Hoeft, Shelley 4 Oremland, Ronald S. 4 Stolz, John 5 Saltikov, Chad W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology  2: Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: US Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA  5: Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 14 Issue 7, p1635; Subject Term: ARSENITES; Subject Term: DIMETHYL sulfoxide; Subject Term: MOLYBDENUM oxides; Subject Term: OXIDOREDUCTASES; Subject Term: BACTERIAL enzymes; Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDE sequence; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02722.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77499262&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orifici, Adrian C.
AU  - Krueger, Ronald
T1  - Benchmark assessment of automated delamination propagation capabilities in finite element codes for static loading
JO  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
JF  - Finite Elements in Analysis & Design
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 54
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 36
SN  - 0168874X
AB  - Abstract: With the increasing implementation into commercial finite element (FE) codes of capabilities for simulating delamination propagation in composite materials, the need for benchmarking and assessing these capabilities is critical. In this study, the capabilities of the commercial FE code Marc™ 2008r1 with implementation of the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT) was assessed. Benchmark delamination propagation results for several specimen configurations were generated using a numerical approach. Specimens were analyzed with three-dimensional and two-dimensional models, and compared with previous analyses using Abaqus® with the VCCT implemented. The results demonstrated that the VCCT implementation in Marc™ was capable of accurately replicating the benchmark delamination growth results. The analyses in Marc™ were significantly more computationally efficient than previous analyses in Abaqus®. This was due to a lack of convergence issues, and a solution process that maintained the use of large time increments. The results demonstrated the advantages of numerical over experimental and analytical benchmarks, particularly with regards to comparison of capabilities across codes. More broadly, the results illustrated key similarities and differences between two commercial FE codes implementing the same analysis technique, which reinforces the need for rigorous benchmarking and assessment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Finite Elements in Analysis & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DEAD loads (Mechanics)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics)
KW  - Benchmarking
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Fracture mechanics
KW  - Laminated composite materials
N1  - Accession Number: 73568262; Orifici, Adrian C. 1; Email Address: adrian.orifici@rmit.edu.au Krueger, Ronald 2; Affiliation:  1: RMIT University, GPO Box 2476, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia  2: National Institute of Aerospace (NIA), 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, Resident at Durability, Damage Tolerance and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 54, p28; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DEAD loads (Mechanics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Benchmarking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminated composite materials; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.finel.2012.01.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=73568262&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segura, Teresa L.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - An impact-induced, stable, runaway climate on Mars
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 220
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 148
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Large asteroid and comet impacts on Mars, such as the one that formed the Argyre basin, delivered considerable amounts of kinetic energy to the planet and raised the surface temperature hundreds of degrees. The impact that formed the Argyre basin occurred 3.8–3.9byr ago (Werner, S.C. [2008]. Icarus 195, 45–60; Fassett, C.I., Head, J.W. [2011]. Icarus 211, 1204–1214), during the time of formation of fluvial features on the early martian surface, and was capable of causing global-scale precipitation and warming of the surface. Dual solutions to the climate of early Mars, one cold like present Mars and the other in a hot runaway state, exist for the pressure range of 0.006–1bar of CO2, and for water inventories 6.5bars or greater. A large impact event may have pushed Mars to a long-lasting hot runaway state. The runaway state would persist until escape processes reduced water vapor and forced the planet to return to a cold climate. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMETS
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - BARS (Engineering)
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Atmospheres, Evolution
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - Terrestrial planets
N1  - Accession Number: 76610163; Segura, Teresa L. 1; Email Address: segura.teresa@ssd.loral.com McKay, Christopher P. 2; Email Address: christopher.p.mckay@nasa.gov Toon, Owen B. 3; Email Address: btoon@lasp.colorado.edu; Affiliation:  1: Space Systems/Loral, 3825 Fabian Way, G-60, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 600, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 220 Issue 1, p144; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: BARS (Engineering); Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial planets; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.04.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76610163&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Spencer, John
T1  - Sublimation-driven erosion on Hyperion: Topographic analysis and landform simulation model tests
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 220
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 268
EP  - 276
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The unique appearance of Hyperion can be explained in part by the loss to space of ballistic ejecta during impact events, as was proposed by Thomas et al. (Thomas, P.C. et al. [2007a]. Icarus 190, 573–584). We conclude that such loss is a partial explanation, accounting for the lack of appreciable intercrater plains on a saturation-cratered surface. In order to create the smooth surfaces and the reticulate, honeycomb pattern of narrow divides between old craters, appreciable subsequent modification of crater morphology must occur through mass-wasting processes accompanied by sublimation, probably facilitated by the loss of CO2 as a component of the relief-supporting matrix of the bedrock. During early stages of crater degradation, steep, crenulate bedrock slopes occupy the upper crater walls with abrupt transitions downslope onto smooth slopes near the angle of repose mantled by mass wasting debris, as can be seen within young craters. Long-continued mass wasting eventually results in slopes totally mantled with particulate debris. This mass wasting effectively destroys small craters, at least in part accounting for the paucity of sub-kilometer craters on Hyperion. Surface temperatures measured by Cassini CIRS range from 58K to 127K and imply a surface thermal inertia of 11±2Jm−2 K−1 s−1/2 and bolometric albedo ranging from 0.05 to 0.33. Resulting H2O sublimation rates are only tens of cm per billion years for most of the surface, so the evolution of the observed landforms is likely to require sublimation of more volatile species such as CO2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Satellites, Surfaces
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 76610173; Howard, Alan D. 1; Email Address: ah6p@virginia.edu Moore, Jeffrey M. 2; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov Schenk, Paul M. 3; Email Address: schenk@lpi.usra.edu White, Oliver L. 3; Email Address: white@lpi.usra.edu Spencer, John 4; Email Address: spencer@boulder.swri.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, United States  4: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, United States; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 220 Issue 1, p268; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76610173&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Lowe, Ryan
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Prognostics Health Management of Electronic Systems Under Mechanical Shock and Vibration Using Kalman Filter Models and Metrics.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4301
EP  - 4314
SN  - 02780046
AB  - Structural damage to ball grid array interconnects incurred during vibration testing has been monitored in the prefailure space using resistance spectroscopy-based state space vectors, rate of change of the state variable, and acceleration of the state variable. The technique is intended for condition monitoring in high reliability applications where the knowledge of impending failure is critical and the risks in terms of loss of functionality are too high to bear. Future state of the system has been estimated based on a second-order Kalman Filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying interconnect damage in the form of inelastic strain energy density. Performance of the prognostic health management algorithm during the vibration test has been quantified using performance evaluation metrics. The methodology has been demonstrated on leadfree area-array electronic assemblies subjected to vibration. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data. The presented approach is applicable to functional systems where corner interconnects in area-array packages may be often redundant. Prognostic metrics including \alpha - \lambda precision, \beta accuracy, and relative accuracy have been used to assess the performance of the damage proxies. The presented approach enables the estimation of residual life based on level of risk averseness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - STRUCTURAL failures
KW  - SOLDER joints
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - Aerospace electronics
KW  - Health monitoring
KW  - leading indicators of failure
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - prognostics
KW  - Prognostics and health management
KW  - Resistance
KW  - solder joint reliability
KW  - Strain
KW  - Vectors
KW  - Vibrations
N1  - Accession Number: 77361852; Lall, Pradeep 1 Lowe, Ryan 2 Goebel, Kai 3; Affiliation:  1: NSF-CAVE3 Electronics Research Center, Department of Mechanical Engineering , Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL , USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center,; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 59 Issue 11, p4301; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL failures; Subject Term: SOLDER joints; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: leading indicators of failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prognostics and health management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: solder joint reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrations; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIE.2012.2183834
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77361852&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halbig, Michael C.
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Tsuda, Hiroshi
T1  - Integration Technologies for Silicon Carbide-Based Ceramics for Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems-Lean Direct Injector Fuel Injector Applications.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 677
EP  - 687
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Advanced joining approaches are critically needed for the fabrication and integration of silicon carbide-based micro-electro-mechanical systems lean direct fuel injectors for jet engines. Diffusion bonding of silicon carbide with titanium interlayers offers advantages such as uniform application/surface coverage and no flow of the interlayer or the reaction formed phases during joint processing. The resulting joints were uniform, stable, leak free, and had high strength. Titanium interlayers with 10 and 20 μm thicknesses were obtained from physical vapor deposition ( PVD) and pure metallic foils. The effects of the interlayer type and thickness and processing time on the resultant microstructures were investigated. The joints and their reaction-formed phases were analyzed with electron microprobe analysis and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, ultrasonic immersion nondestructive evaluation method, and transmission electron microscopy. For the physical vapor deposition Ti interlayers, the 10 μm coating gave the best results yielding a joint that did not have intermediate phases or microcracking. For the Ti foil interlayers, the joint processed with a 4 h-hold time had more stable phases and less microcracking than those with 1 and 2 h-hold times. The average tensile strength of the diffusion bonds was 14.2 MPa which was 2-3 times higher than the application requirements. The diffusion bonding approach was shown to meet the requirements for SiC-based fuel injector fabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - FUEL pumps
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - JET engines
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - ELECTRON probe microanalysis
N1  - Accession Number: 77684214; Halbig, Michael C. 1 Singh, Mrityunjay 2 Tsuda, Hiroshi 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Ohio Aerospace Institute  3: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p677; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: FUEL pumps; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRON probe microanalysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336310 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336320 Motor Vehicle Electrical and Electronic Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2012.02766.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77684214&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
AU  - Kline, Sara E.
T1  - A Thermoanalytical Study of the Conversion of Amorphous Si- Ti- C- O Fibers to SiC.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 816
EP  - 822
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - The conversion of polytitanocarbosilane fibers to SiC has been studied from 1400°C to 1600°C. Thermochemical modeling indicated the stable phases were SiC and TiC. Kinetics were studied with a thermogravimetric method and post heat-treatment phases, and microstructures were studied with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Kinetics exhibit a strong temperature dependence and an activation energy of 443.3 ± 11.7 kJ/mol. This suggests that a chemical reaction step is rate-limiting. X-ray diffraction shows the conversion of an amorphous phase to crystalline SiC. Electron microscopy shows the development of internal porosity and large grains on the fiber surface, particularly at the higher temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CHEMICAL stability
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 77684211; Jacobson, Nathan S. 1 Kline, Sara E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p816; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL stability; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1744-7402.2011.02696.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kharangate, Chirag R.
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Photographic study and modeling of critical heat flux in horizontal flow boiling with inlet vapor void
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 55
IS  - 15/16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4154
EP  - 4168
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: This study explores the mechanism of flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF) in a 2.5mm×5mm horizontal channel that is heated along its bottom 2.5mm wall. Using FC-72 as working fluid, experiments were performed with mass velocities ranging from 185–1600kg/m2s. A key objective of this study is to assess the influence of inlet vapor void on CHF. This influence is examined with the aid of high-speed video motion analysis of interfacial features at heat fluxes up to CHF as well as during the CHF transient. The flow is observed to enter the heated portion of the channel separated into two layers, with vapor residing above liquid. Just prior to CHF, a third vapor layer begins to develop at the leading edge of the heated wall beneath the liquid layer. Because of buoyancy effects and mixing between the three layers, the flow is less discernible in the downstream region of the heated wall, especially at high mass velocities. The observed behavior is used to construct a new separated three-layer model that facilitates the prediction of individual layer velocities and thicknesses. Combining the predictions of the new three-layer model with the interfacial lift-off CHF model provides good CHF predictions for all mass velocities, evidenced by a MAE of 11.63%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - WORKING fluids
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - HEATING
KW  - MASS (Physics)
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - Critical heat flux (CHF)
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Two-phase pressure drop
N1  - Accession Number: 76159947; Kharangate, Chirag R. 1 Mudawar, Issam 1 Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-phase Flow Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 55 Issue 15/16, p4154; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: WORKING fluids; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: MASS (Physics); Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux (CHF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-phase pressure drop; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.03.057
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Burow, Luke C
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Bebout, Brad M
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
AU  - Spormann, Alfred M
AU  - Weber, Peter K
AU  - Singer, Steven W
T1  - Identification of a novel cyanobacterial group as active diazotrophs in a coastal microbial mat using NanoSIMS analysis.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 6
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1427
EP  - 1439
SN  - 17517362
AB  - N2 fixation is a key process in photosynthetic microbial mats to support the nitrogen demands associated with primary production. Despite its importance, groups that actively fix N2 and contribute to the input of organic N in these ecosystems still remain largely unclear. To investigate the active diazotrophic community in microbial mats from the Elkhorn Slough estuary, Monterey Bay, CA, USA, we conducted an extensive combined approach, including biogeochemical, molecular and high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analyses. Detailed analysis of dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) transcript clone libraries from mat samples that fixed N2 at night indicated that cyanobacterial nifH transcripts were abundant and formed a novel monophyletic lineage. Independent NanoSIMS analysis of 15N2-incubated samples revealed significant incorporation of 15N into small, non-heterocystous cyanobacterial filaments. Mat-derived enrichment cultures yielded a unicyanobacterial culture with similar filaments (named Elkhorn Slough Filamentous Cyanobacterium-1 (ESFC-1)) that contained nifH gene sequences grouping with the novel cyanobacterial lineage identified in the transcript clone libraries, displaying up to 100% amino-acid sequence identity. The 16S rRNA gene sequence recovered from this enrichment allowed for the identification of related sequences from Elkhorn Slough mats and revealed great sequence diversity in this cluster. Furthermore, by combining 15N2 tracer experiments, fluorescence in situ hybridization and NanoSIMS, in situ N2 fixation activity by the novel ESFC-1 group was demonstrated, suggesting that this group may be the most active cyanobacterial diazotroph in the Elkhorn Slough mat. Pyrotag sequences affiliated with ESFC-1 were recovered from mat samples throughout 2009, demonstrating the prevalence of this group. This work illustrates that combining standard and single-cell analyses can link phylogeny and function to identify previously unknown key functional groups in complex ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - NITROGEN fixation
KW  - SECONDARY ion mass spectrometry
KW  - CYANOBACTERIAL genes
KW  - RIBOSOMAL RNA
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - BIOTIC communities
N1  - Accession Number: 76639870; Woebken, Dagmar 1 Burow, Luke C 1 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 2 Bebout, Brad M 2 Hoehler, Tori M 2 Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 3 Spormann, Alfred M 4 Weber, Peter K 3 Singer, Steven W 5; Affiliation:  1: 1] Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA  4: Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA  5: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 6 Issue 7, p1427; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: NITROGEN fixation; Subject Term: SECONDARY ion mass spectrometry; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIAL genes; Subject Term: RIBOSOMAL RNA; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2011.200
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76639870&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
T1  - Real-Time Aerodynamic Parameter Estimation Without Air Flow Angle Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1064
EP  - 1064
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A technique for estimating aerodynamic parameters in real time using flight data without air flow angle measurements is described and demonstrated. The method is applied to simulated F-16 data and to flight data from a subscale jet transport aircraft. Modeling results obtained with the new approach using flight data without air flow angle measurements are compared with modeling results computed conventionally using flight data that includes air flow angle measurements. Comparisons demonstrate that the new technique can provide accurate aerodynamic modeling results without air flow angle measurements, which are often difficult and expensive to obtain. Implications for efficient flight testing and flight safety are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - JET transports
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - F-16 (Jet fighter plane)
N1  - Accession Number: 78554008; Morelli, Eugene A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p1064; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: JET transports; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: F-16 (Jet fighter plane); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031568
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
AU  - Dubuisson, Philippe
AU  - Faivre, Michaël
AU  - Chomette, Olivier
AU  - Pascal, Nicolas
AU  - Kratz, David P.
T1  - Retrieval of Cloud Properties Using CALIPSO Imaging Infrared Radiometer. Part I: Effective Emissivity and Optical Depth.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1407
EP  - 1425
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - The paper describes the operational analysis of the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) data, which have been collected in the framework of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation ( CALIPSO) mission for the purpose of retrieving high-altitude (above 7 km) cloud effective emissivity and optical depth that can be used in synergy with the vertically resolved Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) collocated observations. After an IIR scene classification is built under the CALIOP track, the analysis is applied to features detected by CALIOP when found alone in the atmospheric column or when CALIOP identifies an opaque layer underneath. The fast-calculation radiative transfer (FASRAD) model fed by ancillary meteorological and surface data is used to compute the different components involved in the effective emissivity retrievals under the CALIOP track. The track analysis is extended to the IIR swath using homogeneity criteria that are based on radiative equivalence. The effective optical depth at 12.05 μm is shown to be a good proxy for about one-half of the cloud optical depth, allowing direct comparisons with other databases in the visible spectrum. A step-by-step quantitative sensitivity and performance analysis is provided. The method is validated through comparisons of collocated IIR and CALIOP optical depths for elevated single-layered semitransparent cirrus clouds, showing excellent agreement (within 20%) for values ranging from 1 down to 0.05. Uncertainties have been determined from the identified error sources. The optical depth distribution of semitransparent clouds is found to have a nearly exponential shape with a mean value of about 0.5-0.6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED radiometry
KW  - OPERATIONS research
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - EMISSIVITY -- Measurement
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Infrared radiation
KW  - Lidars/Lidar observations
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 78063665; Garnier, Anne 1 Pelon, Jacques 1 Dubuisson, Philippe 2 Faivre, Michaël 1 Chomette, Olivier 3 Pascal, Nicolas 4 Kratz, David P. 5; Affiliation:  1: * Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UPMC-UVSQ-CNRS, Paris, France  2: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille 1, Lille, France  3: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France  4: Hygeos, Lille, France  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p1407; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED radiometry; Subject Term: OPERATIONS research; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY -- Measurement; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidars/Lidar observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-11-0220.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78063665&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ottaviani, Matteo
AU  - Cairns, Brian
AU  - Ferrare, Rich
AU  - Rogers, Raymond
T1  - Iterative atmospheric correction scheme and the polarization color of alpine snow
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 113
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 789
EP  - 804
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Characterization of the Earth''s surface is crucial to remote sensing, both to map geomorphological features and because subtracting this signal is essential during retrievals of the atmospheric constituents located between the surface and the sensor. Current operational algorithms model the surface total reflectance through a weighted linear combination of a few geometry-dependent kernels, each devised to describe a particular scattering mechanism. The information content of these measurements is overwhelmed by that of instruments with polarization capabilities: proposed models in this case are based on the Fresnel reflectance of an isotropic distribution of facets. Because of its remarkable lack of spectral contrast, the polarized reflectance of land surfaces in the shortwave infrared spectral region, where atmospheric scattering is minimal, can be used to model the surface also at shorter wavelengths, where aerosol retrievals are attempted based on well-established scattering theories. In radiative transfer simulations, straightforward separation of the surface and atmospheric contributions is not possible without approximations because of the coupling introduced by multiple reflections. Within a general inversion framework, the problem can be eliminated by linearizing the radiative transfer calculation, and making the Jacobian (i.e., the derivative expressing the sensitivity of the reflectance with respect to model parameters) available at output. We present a general methodology based on a Gauss–Newton iterative search, which automates this procedure and eliminates de facto the need of an ad hoc atmospheric correction. In this case study we analyze the color variations in the polarized reflectance measured by the NASA Goddard Institute of Space Studies Research Scanning Polarimeter during a survey of late-season snowfields in the High Sierra. This insofar unique dataset presents challenges linked to the rugged topography associated with the alpine environment and a likely high water content due to melting. The analysis benefits from ancillary information provided by the NASA Langley High Spectral Resolution Lidar deployed on the same aircraft. The results obtained from the iterative scheme are contrasted against the surface polarized reflectance obtained ignoring multiple reflections, via the simplistic subtraction of the atmospheric scattering contribution. Finally, the retrieved reflectance is modeled after the scattering properties of a dense collection of ice crystals at the surface. Confirming that the polarized reflectance of snow is spectrally flat would allow to extend the techniques already in use for polarimetric retrievals of aerosol properties over land to the large portion of snow-covered pixels plaguing orbital and suborbital observations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SNOW
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - KERNEL functions
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Polarized BRDF
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Snow
KW  - Tuolumne Intrusive Suite
N1  - Accession Number: 74501269; Ottaviani, Matteo 1,2; Email Address: matteo.ottaviani@nasa.gov Cairns, Brian 1 Ferrare, Rich 3 Rogers, Raymond 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA  2: NASA Postdoctoral Program, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 113 Issue 10, p789; Subject Term: SNOW; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: KERNEL functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarized BRDF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Snow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tuolumne Intrusive Suite; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.03.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74501269&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, Robert M.
AU  - Bauer, Steven X.
AU  - Blevins, John A.
T1  - Aerodynamic Characterization of the Ares Launch Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 558
EP  - 563
SN  - 00224650
AB  - For the Ares project, the Ares aerodynamics panel served as the technical discipline focus to guide the strategy used in characterizing the aerodynamics of the Ares series of launch vehicles. A brief description of the three launch vehicles envisioned for the Ares project is presented. Examples of inadequate aerodynamic characterization of two legacy launch vehicles provide the backdrop to the Ares effort. In light of these legacy issues, strategies are given to optimize the roles of the wind tunnel and computational fluid dynamics and how they should complement each other. In addition, details of how the Ares project integrated its database and uncertainty subteams are included. The most important general lesson learned was to constantly communicate with customers of the aerodynamics data to ensure that the data provided addressed the requirements and that the customers understood and correctly implemented the data provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - CONSUMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 78573381; Hall, Robert M. 1 Bauer, Steven X. 1 Blevins, John A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p558; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: CONSUMERS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32174
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Capone, Francis J.
AU  - Paulson Jr., John W.
AU  - Erickson, Gary E.
T1  - Liftoff and Transition Aerodynamics of the Ares I Launch Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 564
EP  - 573
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An investigation has been conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center 14 x 22 ft Subsonic Wind Tunnel to obtain the liftoff and transition aerodynamics of the Ares I crew launch vehicle. The data were obtained in the transition mode at angles of attack from -10 to 90 deg at various roll angles and at roll angles of 0 to 360 deg at various angles of attack. Launch tower effects were determined by testing with and without a mobile launcher/ tower at all wind azimuth angles and at various model heights to simulate the rise of the vehicle as it dears the tower on launch. The major result of this investigation was a 33 % reduction in the maximum dispersed normal force coefficient as compared with an initial semi-empirical database. As a result, simulations conducted with the current database no longer indicated tower strikes for the design crosswinds. The transition data were used for low-speed high-angle-of-attack flight simulation and as a bridge to the low-angle-of-attack ascent database (0.5 < Mach < 5.0) that was developed with data from the NASA Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel and the Boeing Polysonic Wind Tunnel.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 78573382; Capone, Francis J. 1 Paulson Jr., John W. 2 Erickson, Gary E. 3; Affiliation:  1: ATK Aerospace Company, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p564; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32198
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivanco, Thomas G.
AU  - Keller, Donald F.
T1  - Investigation of Ground-Wind Loads for Ares Launch Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 574
EP  - 585
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A three-year program was conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center Aeroelasticity Branch and Transonic Dynamics Tunnel with the primary objective to acquire scaled steady and dynamic ground-wind loads wind-tunnel data for the Ares I-X flight-test vehicle. The experimental effort was conducted to obtain an understanding of the coupling of aerodynamic and structural characteristics that can result in large sustained wind-induced oscillations and to generate a unique database for development and evaluation of analytical methods. Two dynamically aeroelastically scaled ground-wind loads models were constructed: the ground-wind loads checkout model and the Ares I-X ground-wind loads model. Steady and dynamic base bending moments as well as model response and steady and unsteady pressure data were acquired during the testing of both models. Wind-tunnel flow conditions (speed and azimuth) where significant wind-induced oscillation occurred were identified and thoroughly investigated. As a result of these experimental efforts, unique wind-induced oscillation characteristics were discovered, and scaled data were used in the determination of worst-case loads for the analysis of Ares I-X flight-test vehicle design wind conditions. Finally, a comparison of the limited full-scale ground-wind loads data with the wind-tunnel simulation was accomplished. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - WIND pressure
KW  - COUPLINGS (Gearing)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLIGHT testing
N1  - Accession Number: 78573383; Ivanco, Thomas G. 1 Keller, Donald F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p574; Subject Term: TRANSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: WIND pressure; Subject Term: COUPLINGS (Gearing); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32177
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pamadi, Bandu N.
AU  - Pei, Jing
AU  - Covell, Peter F.
AU  - Gumbert, Clyde R.
AU  - Hanke, Jeremy L.
AU  - Favaregh, Noah M.
T1  - Aerodynamic Database Development for Liftoff/Transition and Ascent of the Ares I Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 586
EP  - 595
SN  - 00224650
AB  - NASA Langley Research Center, in partnership with NASA Marshall Space Flight Center and NASA Ames Research Center, was involved in the aerodynamic analysis, testing, and database development for the Ares I A106 crew launch vehicle in support of the Ares design and analysis cycle. This paper discusses the development of the liftoff/transition and ascent databases. The liftoff/transition database was developed using data from tests on a 1.75 % scale model of the A106 configuration in the NASA Langley 14 x 22 ft subsonic wind tunnel. The ascent database was developed using test data on a 1% A106 scale model from two different facilities, the Boeing Polysonic Wind Tunnel and the NASA Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. The A106 vehicle has limited roll control authority, which in turn required that the rolling moment component in the ascent database be defined as accurately as possible, leading to increased wind-tunnel testing time. The increments in aerodynamic coefficients for differences in windtunnel and flight Reynolds numbers were estimated using computational fluid dynamics solutions. However, these increments were found to be modest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 78573384; Pamadi, Bandu N. 1; Email Address: Bandu.N.Pamadi@nasa.gov Pei, Jing 1; Email Address: Jing.Pei-1@nasa.gov Covell, Peter F. 1; Email Address: Peter.ECovell@nasa.gov Gumbert, Clyde R. 1; Email Address: Clyde.R.Cumbert@nasa.gov Hanke, Jeremy L. 1; Email Address: jeremy.l.hanke@nasa.gov Favaregh, Noah M. 2; Email Address: Noah.M.Favaregh@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p586; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32246
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573384&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
AU  - Ghaffari, Farhad
AU  - Parlette, Edward B.
T1  - Ares I Vehicle Computed Turbulent Ascent Aerodynamic Data Development and Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 596
EP  - 608
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An overview of the computational ascent aerodynamic data development from a Reynolds-averaged Navier- Stokes flow solver for the Ares I vehicle design is presented. The computed results are assessed for grid and turbulence model effects and verified against the results obtained from other flow solvers. The numerical predictions are analyzed for the surface pressure, sectional line loads, longitudinal aerodynamic and rolling moment coefficients, and their trends with respect to angle of attack, Mach number, and the vehicle's roll angle. The results revealed that the solution development with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model was the most robust, stable, and efficient. These predictions were generally found to compare well with experimental data. Relative to wind-tunnel flow conditions, the results at flight Reynolds number showed the largest reduction of about 7% in the computed longitudinal aerodynamic coefficients. Protuberance size and relative position were found to have a significant effect on the vehicle's force and moment coefficients. The strake concept was proposed and shown to reduce the vehicle's maximum rolling moment coefficient. Results and analyses have demonstrated the feasibility of the present numerical method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 78573385; Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. 1 Ghaffari, Farhad 1 Parlette, Edward B. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: ViGYAN, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p596; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32112
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573385&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
AU  - Ghaffarit, Farhad
T1  - Error Estimates of the Ares I Computed Turbulent Ascent Longitudinal Aerodynamic Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 609
EP  - 616
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Numerical predictions of the longitudinal aerodynamic characteristics for the Ares I class of vehicles along with the associated error estimates derived from an iterative convergence approach using a coarse, base, and fine grid levels are presented. Computational results are obtained from an unstructured grid, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis. The error estimates, based on an extrapolated infinite-size grid, is derived from two consecutive grid levels. The validity of this procedure was first demonstrated on a model at representative ascent flow conditions for which the wind-tunnel data existed. Such analysis at M = 0.9 revealed a maximum deviation of about 23% between the computed longitudinal aerodynamic coefficients with the base grid and the measured data across the entire roll angles. This maximum deviation from the wind-tunnel data was associated with the computed normal force coefficient at M = 0.9 and was reduced to approximately 16% based on the infinite-size grid. However, all the computed aerodynamic coefficients with the base grid at the supersonic flow conditions showed a maximum deviation of only about ±8% with that level being improved to approximately ±5% for the infinite-size grid. The results and the error estimates based on the established procedure are also presented for the flight flow conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 78573386; Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. 1 Ghaffarit, Farhad 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p609; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32143
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573386&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hanke, Jeremy L.
T1  - Assessment of Computational-Fluid-Dynamics-Based Response Surface Database for Ares I Supersonic Ascent Aerodynamics.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 632
EP  - 643
SN  - 00224650
AB  - During the development of the Ares I crew launch vehicle, a wind-tunnel mechanical failure delayed delivery of the ascent aerodynamics database for supersonic Mach numbers. An interim database developed from computational simulations mitigated the impact of the delay. The Ares I aerodynamics team built the interim database using radial basis functions to model the aerodynamic coefficients and also estimated the uncertainty using the computational data available at the time. The database was updated using the wind-tunnel results after the test was completed, and the team assessed the quality of the computationally based database relative to the final experimentally based database, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The computationally based database closely matched the general behavior of the experimentally based database, and the computationaily based database uncertainty intervals contained nearly all of the experimentally based database data. This assessment confirms that a reasonable aerodynamic database for launch vehicles at supersonic conditions can be constructed using only computational data, provided that sufficient knowledge of the physics and expected behavior is available. The assessment also demonstrated that the nonparametric response surface model used to develop the database adequately modeled complex behavior throughout a large data space using relatively sparse data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - SYSTEM failures (Engineering)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 78573388; Hanke, Jeremy L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p632; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: SYSTEM failures (Engineering); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MACH number; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32190
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573388&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bartels, Robert E.
T1  - Flexible Launch Vehicle Stability Analysis Using Steady and Unsteady Computational Fluid Dynamics.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 644
EP  - 650
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Launch vehicles frequently experience a reduced stability margin through the transonic Mach number range. This reduced stability margin can be caused by the aerodynamic undamping one of the lower-frequency flexible or rigidbody modes. Analysis of the behavior of a flexible vehicle is routinely performed with quasi-steady aerodynamic line loads derived from steady rigid aerodynamics. However, a quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis can be unconservative at the critical Mach numbers, where experiment or unsteady computational aeroelastic analysis show a reduced or even negative aerodynamic damping. A method of enhancing the quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis of a launch vehicle with unsteady aerodynamics is developed that uses unsteady computational fluid dynamics to compute the response of selected lower-frequency modes. The response is contained in a time history of the vehicle line loads. A proper orthogonal decomposition of the unsteady aerodynamic line-load response is used to reduce the scale of data volume and system identification is used to derive the aerodynamic stiffness, damping, and mass matrices. The results are compared with the damping and frequency computed from unsteady computational aeroelasticity and from a quasi-steady analysis. The results show that incorporating unsteady aerodynamics in this way brings the enhanced quasi-steady aeroelastic stability analysis into close agreement with the unsteady computational aeroelastic results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 78573389; Bartels, Robert E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p644; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32082
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573389&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bartels, Robert E.
AU  - Chwalowski, Pawel
AU  - Massey, Steven J.
AU  - Heeg, Jennifer
AU  - Mineck, Raymond E.
T1  - Computational Aeroelastic Analysis of the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle During Ascent.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 651
EP  - 658
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Static and dynamic aeroelastic analyses have been performed for the Ares I crew launch vehicle during atmospheric ascent. It is shown that, through the transonic speed range, there is a rapid change in the static aeroelastic center-of-pressure increment with increasing Mach number. The greatest sensitivity to grid resolution is observed through the transonic range. Dynamic aeroelastic analyses are also performed to assess the aeroelastic stability of the launch vehicle. Flexible dynamic linearized quasi-steady analyses using steady rigid line loads are compared with fully coupled aeroelastic time-marching computational fluid dynamic analyses. There are significant differences between the methods through the transonic Mach number range. The largest difference is at Mach 1. At that Mach number, the linearized quasi-steady method produces strong damping in modes 1 and 2. The unsteady computational aeroelastic method indicates that the first mode is significantly undamped, while mode 2 is strongly damped. The cause of the disparity in damping between modes 1 and 2 is also investigated. A vehicle with no protuberances other than rings produced damping values in modes 1 and 2 that were nearly identical. It is shown that the disparity in damping of modes one and two is due to asymmetric placement of protuberances around the vehicle circumference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 78573390; Bartels, Robert E. 1 Chwalowski, Pawel 1 Massey, Steven J. 1 Heeg, Jennifer 1 Mineck, Raymond E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: ATK Aerospace Company, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p651; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32127
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deere, Karen A.
AU  - Pao, S. Paul
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
T1  - USM3D Analysis of Roll-Control System Jet Effects on Ares Launch Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 666
EP  - 678
SN  - 00224650
AB  - USM3D was used to investigate the jet-interaction effects from the roll-control system on the rolling moment of two Ares configurations at wind-tunnel Reynolds numbers. Approaches were established for modeling the roll-control system and for analyzing the jet interactions of the activated roll-control system using the Ares I-X simplified configuration. The established approaches, using the ideal gas code USM3D, were then used for the Ares I fullprotuberance configuration at Mach numbers from 0.5 to 5 at an angle of attack of 0 deg, an angle of attack of 3.5 deg for a roll angle of 120 deg, and an angle of attack of 7 deg for roll angles of 120 and 210 deg. Major findings include that the rofi-control jet housing contributes to a beneficial jet-interaction effect on vehicle roiling moment for Mach numbers greater than or equal to 0.9 and that components downstream of the roll-control system contribute to the jet interaction penalties on the vehicle rolling moment at all Mach numbers with a few exceptions. Resources allowed for a single comparison between an ideal gas solution from USM3D and an equivalent real gas solution from Loci-CHEM for the Ares I-X simplified configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - MACH number
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - GASES
N1  - Accession Number: 78573392; Deere, Karen A. 1 Pao, S. Paul 1 Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p666; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: GASES; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32110
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573392&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deere, Karen
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
T1  - USM3D Simulations of Saturn V Plume-Induced Flow Separation.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 679
EP  - 690
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Plume-induced flow separation occurred along the Saturn V rocket during the moon missions at some flight conditions. Engineers questioned whether similar flow separation would plague the Ares I and Ares V rockets designed in the NASA Constellation program. Computational fluid dynamics was offered as a tool for investigating plume-induced flow separation along the Ares rockets. However, computational fluid dynamics best practice guidelines for USM3D were not available for such an investigation. In an effort to define guidelines for the Ares powered simulations, the Saturn V configuration was used because flight data existed. The ideal gas, computational flow solver USM3D was evaluated for its viability in computing the plume-induced flow separation along the Saturn V with F-1 engines firing. Solutions were computed at supersonic freestream conditions, 0 deg angle of attack, 0 deg sideslip, and flight Reynolds numbers. The effects of solution sensitivity to grid refinement, turbulence model, and the engine boundary condition on the predicted plume-induced flow separation distance along the Saturn V were discussed and compared with flight data from the Apollo 11 mission AS-506. A recommended process for calculating plume-induced flow separation with USM3D was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLOW separation (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - IAPETUS (Satellite)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 78573393; Deere, Karen 1 Elmiligui, Alaa 1 Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p679; Subject Term: FLOW separation (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: IAPETUS (Satellite); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32122
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78573393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LeCompte, M. A.
AU  - Meyer, T. R.
AU  - Horsewood, J.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Durda, D. D.
T1  - Early, Short-Duration, Near-Earth-Asteroid Rendezvous Missions.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/07//Jul/Aug2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 731
EP  - 741
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This study examines the feasibility of human exploration of near-Earth asteroids before 2030. Missions are assumed possible with the development of upgraded expendable launch vehicles and a spacecraft similar to the Constellation Program's Orion crew exploration vehicle. Candidate objects and opportunities were determined by filtering a Jet Propulsion Laboratory list of approximately 1100 close approaches to Earth between 2020 and 2030. A three-dimensional mission analysis model was applied to selected targets to determine the required launch dates, maneuver delta-V values and other flight parameters. From these, six opportunities for rendezvous missions to four near-Earth asteroids were identified. Mission analysis included cases with round-trip durations between 60 and 120 days: time spans believed to be compatible with prior human space-flight experience. Calculated total delta-V values for missions launched from low Earth orbit to the four identified objects were lowest for a 120-day duration, varying from 5.85 to 7.45 km/s: substantially less than that required for a round-trip to the lunar surface. These delta-V values suggest human near-Earth-object exploration missions could be staged using upgraded evolved expendable launch vehicles equipped with advanced upper stages without recourse to an Ares V-class heavy-lift launcher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 78573398; LeCompte, M. A. 1 Meyer, T. R. 2 Horsewood, J. 3 McKay, C. P. 4; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov Durda, D. D. 5; Affiliation:  1: Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, North Carolina 27909  2: Boulder Center for Science and Policy, Boulder, Colorado 80306  3: SpaceFlightSolutions, Hendersonville, North Carolina 28791  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80302; Source Info: Jul/Aug2012, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p731; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32056
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moodie, Alex M.
AU  - Yeo, Hyeonsoo
T1  - Design of a Cruise-Efficient Compound Helicopter.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - A slowed-rotor compound helicopter is conceptually designed using a multifidelity approach, showing the potential for significant efficiency improvements above conventional helicopters. The cruise tip speed and bilinear twist distribution are optimized using the Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Dynamics (CAMRAD II). Systemlevel metrics are computed using the NASA Design and Analysis of Rotor Craft (NDARC) program to show top-level payoffs. An aeroperformance map is generated using comprehensive analysis for the optimum twist distribution, providing calibration data for the main rotor model within NDARC. Effects of disk loading and wing loading on the size of the slowed-rotor compound helicopter are analyzed, and off-design performance is computed. Rotor-wing interference effects are analyzed using CAMRAD II for several wing vertical locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 86239011; Moodie, Alex M. 1; Email Address: alex.moodie@us.army.mil Yeo, Hyeonsoo 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC) U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p1; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.57.032004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sekula, Martin K.
AU  - Wilbur, Matthew L.
T1  - Analysis of a Multiflap Control System for a Swashplateless Rotor.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - An analytical study was conducted examining the feasibility of a swashplateless rotor controlled through two trailing-edge flaps (TEFs), where the cyclic and collective controls were provided by separate TEFs. This analysis included a parametric study examining the impact of various design parameters on TEF deflections. Blade pitch bearing stiffness; blade pitch index; and flap chord, span, location, and control function of the inboard and outboard flaps were systematically varied on a utility-class rotorcraft trimmed in steady level flight. Gradient-based optimizations minimizing flap deflections were performed to identify single- and two-TEF swashplateless rotor designs. Steady, forward flight analysis suggest that a two-TEF swashplateless rotor where the outboard flap provides cyclic control and inboard flap provides collective control can reduce TEF deflection requirements without a significant impact on power, compared to a single-TEF swashplateless rotor design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 86239013; Sekula, Martin K. 1; Email Address: martin.k.sekula@nasa.gov Wilbur, Matthew L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA  2: Senior Research Engineer, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Hampton, VA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 57 Issue 3, p1; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.57.032006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin, Rodney A.
T1  - Extreme value analysis of optimal level-crossing prediction for linear Gaussian processes.
JO  - Journal of Time Series Analysis
JF  - Journal of Time Series Analysis
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 583
EP  - 607
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 01439782
AB  - A novel approach of combining the practical appeal of Kalman filtering with the design of an optimal alarm system for the prediction of level-crossing events was introduced in earlier work. Here, the aim is to perform a more detailed extreme value analysis using the critical threshold that enables definition of the level-crossing event. It will be rigorously proven that the approximations and baseline methods previously used yield important intuitive conclusions about the impact of low measurement noise and high levels on improved capability of level-crossing predictors. Where possible, elegant closed-form solutions for a well-known alarm system metric in face of those limiting considerations are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Time Series Analysis is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTREME value theory
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - Alarm systems
KW  - approximation methods
KW  - kalman filtering
KW  - level-crossing problems
KW  - prediction methods
N1  - Accession Number: 76513629; Martin, Rodney A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 33 Issue 4, p583; Subject Term: EXTREME value theory; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alarm systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: approximation methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: kalman filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: level-crossing problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: prediction methods; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1467-9892.2012.00791.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek
T1  - 2012 Service Award of the Meteoritical Society for Ursula Marvin.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 47
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1238
EP  - 1240
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The article announces that geologist Ursula Marvin has received the 2012 Service Award of the Meteoritical Society.
KW  - AWARDS
KW  - GEOLOGISTS
KW  - MARVIN, Ursula -- Awards
N1  - Accession Number: 78109384; Sears, Derek 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 47 Issue 7, p1238; Subject Term: AWARDS; Subject Term: GEOLOGISTS; People: MARVIN, Ursula -- Awards; Number of Pages: 0p; Illustrations: 1 Illustration, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01389.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chapman, Emma
AU  - Abdalla, Filipe B.
AU  - Harker, Geraint
AU  - Jelić, Vibor
AU  - Labropoulos, Panagiotis
AU  - Zaroubi, Saleem
AU  - Brentjens, Michiel A.
AU  - de Bruyn, A. G.
AU  - Koopmans, L. V. E.
T1  - Foreground removal using fastica: a showcase of LOFAR-EoR.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 424
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2518
EP  - 2532
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We introduce a new implementation of the fastica algorithm on simulated Low Frequency Array Epoch of Reionization data with the aim of accurately removing the foregrounds and extracting the 21-cm reionization signal. We find that the method successfully removes the foregrounds with an average fitting error of 0.5 per cent and that the 2D and 3D power spectra are recovered across the frequency range. We find that for scales above several point spread function scales, the 21-cm variance is successfully recovered though there is evidence of noise leakage into the reconstructed foreground components. We find that this blind independent component analysis technique provides encouraging results without the danger of prior foreground assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDEPENDENT component analysis
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SPACE astronomy
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - cosmology: theory
KW  - dark ages, reionization, first stars
KW  - diffuse radiation
KW  - methods: statistical
N1  - Accession Number: 76918038; Chapman, Emma 1 Abdalla, Filipe B. 1 Harker, Geraint 2,3 Jelić, Vibor 4 Labropoulos, Panagiotis 4,5 Zaroubi, Saleem 5 Brentjens, Michiel A. 4 de Bruyn, A. G. 4,5 Koopmans, L. V. E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT  2: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 389 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA  3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: ASTRON, PO Box 2, NL-7990AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands  5: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 424 Issue 1, p2518; Subject Term: INDEPENDENT component analysis; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SPACE astronomy; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark ages, reionization, first stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffuse radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21065.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tkachenko, A.
AU  - Aerts, C.
AU  - Pavlovski, K.
AU  - Southworth, J.
AU  - Degroote, P.
AU  - Debosscher, J.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Bryson, S.
AU  - Molenberghs, G.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - de Vries, B. L.
AU  - Hrudkova, M.
AU  - Lombaert, R.
AU  - Neyskens, P.
AU  - Pápics, P. I.
AU  - Raskin, G.
AU  - Van Winckel, H.
AU  - Morris, R. L.
AU  - Sanderfer, D. T.
AU  - Seader, S. E.
T1  - Detection of gravity modes in the massive binary V380 Cyg from Kepler space-based photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy★ Detection of gravity modes in the massive binary V380 Cyg from Kepler space-based photometry and high-resolution spectroscopy
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 424
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L21
EP  - L25
SN  - 17453925
AB  - ABSTRACT We report the discovery of low-amplitude gravity-mode oscillations in the massive binary star V380 Cyg, from 180 d of Kepler custom-aperture space photometry and 5 months of high-resolution high signal-to-noise ratio spectroscopy. The new data are of unprecedented quality and allowed the improvement of the orbital and fundamental parameters for this binary. The orbital solution was subtracted from the photometric data and led to the detection of periodic intrinsic variability with frequencies, of which some are multiples of the orbital frequency and others are not. Spectral disentangling allowed the detection of line-profile variability in the primary. With our discovery of intrinsic variability interpreted as gravity-mode oscillations, V380 Cyg becomes an important laboratory for future seismic tuning of the near-core physics in massive B-type stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - HIGH resolution spectroscopy
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual: V380 Cyg
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - stars: variables: general
N1  - Accession Number: 77509285; Tkachenko, A. 1 Aerts, C. 1,2,3 Pavlovski, K. 4 Southworth, J. 5 Degroote, P. 1 Debosscher, J. 1 Still, M. 6 Bryson, S. 6 Molenberghs, G. 3 Bloemen, S. 1 de Vries, B. L. 1 Hrudkova, M. 7,8 Lombaert, R. 1 Neyskens, P. 9 Pápics, P. I. 3 Raskin, G. 1 Van Winckel, H. 1 Morris, R. L. 10 Sanderfer, D. T. 11 Seader, S. E. 10; Affiliation:  1: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  2: Department of Astrophysics, IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands  3: Centre for Statistics (CenStat), University of Hasselt, Agoralaan 1, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium  4: Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia  5: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  6: NASA Ames Research Center/Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94 035, USA  7: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany  8: Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-387 00 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain  9: Institut d'Astronomie et d'Astrophysique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 226 Brussels, Belgium  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 424 Issue 1, pL21; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: HIGH resolution spectroscopy; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: V380 Cyg; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: general; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01277.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evans, A.
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Helton, L. A.
AU  - Starrfield, S.
AU  - Bode, M. F.
AU  - Osborne, J. P.
AU  - Banerjee, D. P. K.
AU  - Ness, J.-U.
AU  - Walter, F. M.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
AU  - Kuulkers, E.
AU  - Eyres, S. P. S.
AU  - Oliveira, J. M.
AU  - Ashok, N. M.
AU  - Krautter, J.
AU  - O'Brien, T. J.
AU  - Page, K. L.
AU  - Rushton, M. T.
T1  - Infrared observations of the recurrent nova T Pyxidis: ancient dust basks in the warm glow of the 2011 outburst★.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 424
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - L69
EP  - L73
SN  - 17453925
AB  - ABSTRACT We present Spitzer Space Telescope and Herschel Space Observatory infrared observations of the recurrent nova T Pyx during its 2011 eruption, complemented by ground-base optical-infrared photometry. We find that the eruption has heated dust in the pre-existing nebulosity associated with T Pyx. This is most likely interstellar dust swept up by T Pyx - either during previous eruptions or by a wind - rather than the accumulation of dust produced during eruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - NOVAE (Astronomy)
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - cataclysmic variables
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - ISM: general
KW  - novae
KW  - stars: individual: T Pyx
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 77509288; Evans, A. 1 Gehrz, R. D. 2 Helton, L. A. 3 Starrfield, S. 4 Bode, M. F. 5 Osborne, J. P. 6 Banerjee, D. P. K. 7 Ness, J.-U. 8 Walter, F. M. 9 Woodward, C. E. 2 Kuulkers, E. 8 Eyres, S. P. S. 10 Oliveira, J. M. 1 Ashok, N. M. 7 Krautter, J. 11 O'Brien, T. J. 12 Page, K. L. 6 Rushton, M. T. 10; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  2: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 116 Church Street SE, MN 55455, USA  3: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, PO Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA  5: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Twelve Quays House, Birkenhead CH41 1LD  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH  7: Astronomy and Astrophysics Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Navrangapura, Ahmedabad 380009, Gujarat, India  8: Science Operations Department, European Space Astronomy Centre, ESAC, PO Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA  10: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  11: Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Koenigstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  12: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 424 Issue 1, pL69; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: NOVAE (Astronomy); Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: T Pyx; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2012.01289.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stalport, F.
AU  - Glavin, D.P.
AU  - Eigenbrode, J.L.
AU  - Bish, D.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Coll, P.
AU  - Szopa, C.
AU  - Buch, A.
AU  - McAdam, A.
AU  - Dworkin, J.P.
AU  - Mahaffy, P.R.
T1  - The influence of mineralogy on recovering organic acids from Mars analogue materials using the “one-pot” derivatization experiment on the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 67
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The search for complex organic molecules on Mars, including important biomolecules such as amino acids and carboxylic acids, will require a chemical extraction and a derivatization step to transform these organic compounds into species that are sufficiently volatile to be detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). We have developed a “one-pot” extraction and chemical derivatization protocol using N-methyl-N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) and dimethylformamide (DMF) for the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) experiment instrument suite on NASA''s the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. The temperature and duration of the derivatization reaction, pre-concentration of chemical derivatives, and gas chromatographic separation parameters have been optimized under SAM instrument design constraints. MTBSTFA/DMF extraction and derivatization at 300°C for several minutes of a variety of terrestrial Mars analog materials facilitated the detection of amino acids and carboxylic acids in a surface soil sample collected from the Atacama Desert and a carbonate-rich stromatolite sample from Svalbard. However, the rapid reaction of MTBSTFA with water in several analog materials that contained high abundances of hydrated minerals, and the possible deactivation of derivatized compounds by iron oxides, as detected by XRD/XRF using the CheMin field unit Terra, proved to be highly problematic for the direct extraction of organics using MTBSTFA. The combination of pyrolysis and two different wet-chemical derivatization methods employed by SAM should enable a wide range of organic compounds to be detected by GCMS if present on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - ORGANIC acids
KW  - DERIVATIZATION
KW  - BIOMOLECULES
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Derivatization
KW  - Mars
KW  - MSL
KW  - Organic matter
KW  - SAM
N1  - Accession Number: 75354991; Stalport, F. 1,2,3; Email Address: fabien.stalport@lisa.u-pec.fr Glavin, D.P. 2 Eigenbrode, J.L. 2 Bish, D. 4 Blake, D. 5 Coll, P. 1,2 Szopa, C. 6,7,8,9,10 Buch, A. 11 McAdam, A. 3 Dworkin, J.P. 2 Mahaffy, P.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: LISA, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR CNRS 7583, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaule, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France  2: Univ. Paris Est Créteil, UMR CNRS 7583, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaule, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: LATMOS-UPMC Univ. Paris 06, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Cedex, France  7: Université Versailles St-Quentin, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Cedex, France  8: CNRS/INSU, LATMOS-IPSL, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris Cedex, France  9: IPSL, France  10: CNRS INSU, Quartier des Garennes, 11 Boulevard d'Alembert, 78280 Guyancourt, France  11: LGPM Ecole Centrale Paris, Grande Voie des Vignes, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry Cedex, France; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 67 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: ORGANIC acids; Subject Term: DERIVATIZATION; Subject Term: BIOMOLECULES; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Derivatization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: SAM; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75354991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minli Wang
AU  - Hada, Megumi
AU  - Saha, Janapriya
AU  - Sridharan, Deepa M.
AU  - Pluth, Janice M.
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
T1  - Protons Sensitize Epithelial Cells to Mesenchymal Transition.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Proton radiotherapy has gained more favor among oncologists as a treatment option for localized and deep-seated tumors. In addition, protons are a major constituent of the space radiation astronauts receive during space flights. The potential for these exposures to lead to, or enhance cancer risk has not been well studied. Our objective is to study the biological effects of low energy protons on epithelial cells and its propensity to enhance transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1)-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process occurring during tumor progression and critical for invasion and metastasis. Non-transformed mink lung epithelial cells (Mv1Lu) and hTERT- immortalized human esophageal epithelial cells (EPC) were used in this study. EMT was identified by alterations in cell morphology, EMT-related gene expression changes determined using real-time PCR, and EMT changes in specific cellular markers detected by immunostaining and western blotting. Although TGFβ1 treatment alone is able to induce EMT in both Mv1Lu and EPC cells, low energy protons (5 MeV) at doses as low as 0.1 Gy can enhance TGFβ1 induced EMT. Protons alone can also induce a mild induction of EMT. SD208, a potent TGFβ Receptor 1 (TGFβR1) kinase inhibitor, can efficiently block TGFβ1/Smad signaling and attenuate EMT induction. We suggest a model for EMT after proton irradiation in normal and cancerous tissue based on our results that showed that low and high doses of protons can sensitize normal human epithelial cells to mesenchymal transition, more prominently in the presence of TGFβ1, but also in the absence of TGFβ1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - ONCOLOGISTS
KW  - CANCER -- Risk factors
KW  - EPITHELIAL cells
KW  - TRANSFORMING growth factors-beta
KW  - METASTASIS
N1  - Accession Number: 79785464; Minli Wang 1 Hada, Megumi 1 Saha, Janapriya 1 Sridharan, Deepa M. 2 Pluth, Janice M. 2 Cucinotta, Francis A. 3; Email Address: francis.a.cucinotta@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, United States of America  2: Department of Cancer and DNA Damage Responses, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America  3: Space Radiation Program, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, United States of America; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 7 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: RADIOTHERAPY; Subject Term: ONCOLOGISTS; Subject Term: CANCER -- Risk factors; Subject Term: EPITHELIAL cells; Subject Term: TRANSFORMING growth factors-beta; Subject Term: METASTASIS; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0041249
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Zhang, Gong
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Votava, Petr
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
AU  - Vermote, Eric
AU  - Gao, Feng
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Generating global Leaf Area Index from Landsat: Algorithm formulation and demonstration
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 202
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: This paper summarizes the implementation of a physically based algorithm for the retrieval of vegetation green Leaf Area Index (LAI) from Landsat surface reflectance data. The algorithm is based on the canopy spectral invariants theory and provides a computationally efficient way of parameterizing the Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF) as a function of spatial resolution and wavelength. LAI retrievals from the application of this algorithm to aggregated Landsat surface reflectances are consistent with those of MODIS for homogeneous sites represented by different herbaceous and forest cover types. Example results illustrating the physics and performance of the algorithm suggest three key factors that influence the LAI retrieval process: 1) the atmospheric correction procedures to estimate surface reflectances; 2) the proximity of Landsat-observed surface reflectance and corresponding reflectances as characterized by the model simulation; and 3) the quality of the input land cover type in accurately delineating pure vegetated components as opposed to mixed pixels. Accounting for these factors, a pilot implementation of the LAI retrieval algorithm was demonstrated for the state of California utilizing the Global Land Survey (GLS) 2005 Landsat data archive. In a separate exercise, the performance of the LAI algorithm over California was evaluated by using the short-wave infrared band in addition to the red and near-infrared bands. Results show that the algorithm, while ingesting the short-wave infrared band, has the ability to delineate open canopies with understory effects and may provide useful information compared to a more traditional two-band retrieval. Future research will involve implementation of this algorithm at continental scales and a validation exercise will be performed in evaluating the accuracy of the 30-m LAI products at several field sites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - LAND cover
KW  - VEGETATION greenness
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - PLANT canopies
KW  - Canopy spectral invariants
KW  - Global Land Survey (GLS)
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Leaf Area Index (LAI)
N1  - Accession Number: 79482874; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2 Zhang, Gong 3 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 4 Milesi, Cristina 4 Michaelis, Andrew 4 Wang, Weile 4 Votava, Petr 4 Samanta, Arindam 5 Melton, Forrest 4 Dungan, Jennifer L. 2 Vermote, Eric 6 Gao, Feng 7 Knyazikhin, Yuri 8 Myneni, Ranga B. 8; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI)/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Watershed Science, Utah State University, UT 84322, USA  4: Department of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Atmospheric and Environmental Research (AER) Inc., Lexington, MA 02421, USA  6: Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20771, USA  7: Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  8: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, MA 02215, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 122, p185; Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: LAND cover; Subject Term: VEGETATION greenness; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: PLANT canopies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy spectral invariants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Land Survey (GLS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf Area Index (LAI); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coughlin, D.R.
AU  - Phillips, P.J.
AU  - Bigelow, G.S.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
T1  - Characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 50.3Ni–29.7Ti–20Hf shape memory alloy
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 67
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 115
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The alloy 50.3Ni–29.7Ti–20Hf (at.%) exhibits attractive high-temperature shape memory properties. To determine the effect of aging on the behavior of this alloy, isothermal constant strain rate compression testing was performed at temperatures above the austenite finish temperature. This revealed that the alloy strength and the temperature range for pseudoelasticity vs. austenite plasticity was strongly influenced by aging. Electron microscopy has revealed precipitates rich in hafnium with a novel ordered structure relative to the B2 austenite phase form during aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Aging
KW  - Compression testing
KW  - Electron diffraction
KW  - Scanning transmission electron microscopy
KW  - Shape memory alloy
N1  - Accession Number: 75356036; Coughlin, D.R. 1,2; Email Address: coughlin@matsceng.ohio-state.edu Phillips, P.J. 1 Bigelow, G.S. 3 Garg, A. 3,4 Noebe, R.D. 3 Mills, M.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Material Science and Engineering, 2041 College Rd., 477 Watts, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: Materials Science and Technology Division, MS G770, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 47545, USA  3: Structures and Materials Division, 21000 Brookpark Rd., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA  4: 2801 W. Bancroft, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 67 Issue 1, p112; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compression testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.03.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Su, Wenying
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Rose, Fred
AU  - Doelling, David
AU  - Norris, Joel
AU  - Huang, Xianglei
T1  - Advances in Understanding Top-of-Atmosphere Radiation Variability from Satellite Observations.
JO  - Surveys in Geophysics
JF  - Surveys in Geophysics
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 385
SN  - 01693298
AB  - This paper highlights how the emerging record of satellite observations from the Earth Observation System (EOS) and A-Train constellation are advancing our ability to more completely document and understand the underlying processes associated with variations in the Earth's top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiation budget. Large-scale TOA radiation changes during the past decade are observed to be within 0.5 Wm per decade based upon comparisons between Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments aboard Terra and Aqua and other instruments. Tropical variations in emitted outgoing longwave (LW) radiation are found to closely track changes in the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). During positive ENSO phase (El Niño), outgoing LW radiation increases, and decreases during the negative ENSO phase (La Niña). The coldest year during the last decade occurred in 2008, during which strong La Nina conditions persisted throughout most of the year. Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) observations show that the lower temperatures extended throughout much of the troposphere for several months, resulting in a reduction in outgoing LW radiation and an increase in net incoming radiation. At the global scale, outgoing LW flux anomalies are partially compensated for by decreases in midlatitude cloud fraction and cloud height, as observed by Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer and Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer, respectively. CERES data show that clouds have a net radiative warming influence during La Niña conditions and a net cooling influence during El Niño, but the magnitude of the anomalies varies greatly from one ENSO event to another. Regional cloud-radiation variations among several Terra and A-Train instruments show consistent patterns and exhibit marked fluctuations at monthly timescales in response to tropical atmosphere-ocean dynamical processes associated with ENSO and Madden-Julian Oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surveys in Geophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in astronomy
KW  - SOUTHERN oscillation
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - LA Nina Current
KW  - EL Nino Current
KW  - Climate variability
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Radiation budget
N1  - Accession Number: 76912007; Loeb, Norman 1; Email Address: norman.g.loeb@nasa.gov Kato, Seiji 1 Su, Wenying 2 Wong, Takmeng 1 Rose, Fred 2 Doelling, David 1 Norris, Joel 3 Huang, Xianglei 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420 Hampton 23681 USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton 23666 USA  3: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, San Diego 92037 USA  4: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109 USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 33 Issue 3/4, p359; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in astronomy; Subject Term: SOUTHERN oscillation; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: LA Nina Current; Subject Term: EL Nino Current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budget; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10712-012-9175-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76912007&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Rutan, David
AU  - Rose, Fred
AU  - Sun-Mack, Sunny
AU  - Miller, Walter
AU  - Chen, Yan
T1  - Uncertainty Estimate of Surface Irradiances Computed with MODIS-, CALIPSO-, and CloudSat-Derived Cloud and Aerosol Properties.
JO  - Surveys in Geophysics
JF  - Surveys in Geophysics
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 412
SN  - 01693298
AB  - Differences of modeled surface upward and downward longwave and shortwave irradiances are calculated using modeled irradiance computed with active sensor-derived and passive sensor-derived cloud and aerosol properties. The irradiance differences are calculated for various temporal and spatial scales, monthly gridded, monthly zonal, monthly global, and annual global. Using the irradiance differences, the uncertainty of surface irradiances is estimated. The uncertainty (1σ) of the annual global surface downward longwave and shortwave is, respectively, 7 W m (out of 345 W m) and 4 W m (out of 192 W m), after known bias errors are removed. Similarly, the uncertainty of the annual global surface upward longwave and shortwave is, respectively, 3 W m (out of 398 W m) and 3 W m (out of 23 W m). The uncertainty is for modeled irradiances computed using cloud properties derived from imagers on a sun-synchronous orbit that covers the globe every day (e.g., moderate-resolution imaging spectrometer) or modeled irradiances computed for nadir view only active sensors on a sun-synchronous orbit such as Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation and CloudSat. If we assume that longwave and shortwave uncertainties are independent of each other, but up- and downward components are correlated with each other, the uncertainty in global annual mean net surface irradiance is 12 W m. One-sigma uncertainty bounds of the satellite-based net surface irradiance are 106 W m and 130 W m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surveys in Geophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - Surface net irradiance
KW  - Surface radiative energy budget
N1  - Accession Number: 76912003; Kato, Seiji 1; Email Address: seiji.kato@nasa.gov Loeb, Norman 1 Rutan, David 2 Rose, Fred 2 Sun-Mack, Sunny 2 Miller, Walter 2 Chen, Yan 2; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681-2199 USA  2: Science System & Applications Inc, Hampton USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 33 Issue 3/4, p395; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface net irradiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface radiative energy budget; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10712-012-9179-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, Patrick
T1  - The Role of Clouds: An Introduction and Rapporteur Report.
JO  - Surveys in Geophysics
JF  - Surveys in Geophysics
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 609
EP  - 617
SN  - 01693298
AB  - This paper presents an overview of discussions during the Cloud's Role session at the Observing and Modelling Earth's Energy Flows Workshop. N. Loeb and B. Soden convened this session including 10 presentations by B. Stevens, B. Wielicki, G. Stephens, A. Clement, K. Sassen, D. Hartmann, T. Andrews, A. Del Genio, H. Barker, and M. Sugi addressing critical aspects of the role of clouds in modulating Earth energy flows. Presentation topics covered a diverse range of areas from cloud microphysics and dynamics, cloud radiative transfer, and the role of clouds in large-scale atmospheric circulations patterns in both observations and atmospheric models. The presentations and discussions, summarized below, are organized around several key questions raised during the session. (1) What is the best way to evaluate clouds in climate models? (2) How well do models need to represent clouds to be acceptable for making climate predictions? (3) What are the largest uncertainties in clouds? (4) How can these uncertainties be reduced? (5) What new observations are needed to address these problems? Answers to these critical questions are the topics of ongoing research and will guide the future direction of this area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surveys in Geophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Mathematical models
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - CONGRESSES
KW  - Cloud feedback
KW  - Cloud radiative forcing
KW  - Cloud uncertainties
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Model cloud evaluation
N1  - Accession Number: 76912002; Taylor, Patrick 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 33 Issue 3/4, p609; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: CONGRESSES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud radiative forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud uncertainties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model cloud evaluation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10712-012-9182-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barker, H.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Wehr, T.
T1  - Computation of Solar Radiative Fluxes by 1D and 3D Methods Using Cloudy Atmospheres Inferred from A-train Satellite Data.
JO  - Surveys in Geophysics
JF  - Surveys in Geophysics
Y1  - 2012/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 657
EP  - 676
SN  - 01693298
AB  - This study used realistic representations of cloudy atmospheres to assess errors in solar flux estimates associated with 1D radiative transfer models. A scene construction algorithm, developed for the EarthCARE mission, was applied to CloudSat, CALIPSO and MODIS satellite data thus producing 3D cloudy atmospheres measuring 61 km wide by 14,000 km long at 1 km grid-spacing. Broadband solar fluxes and radiances were then computed by a Monte Carlo photon transfer model run in both full 3D and 1D independent column approximation modes. Results were averaged into 1,303 (50 km) domains. For domains with total cloud fractions A < 0.7 top-of-atmosphere (TOA) albedos tend to be largest for 3D transfer with differences increasing with solar zenith angle. Differences are largest for A > 0.7 and characterized by small bias yet large random errors. Regardless of A, differences between 3D and 1D transfer rarely exceed ±30 W m for net TOA and surface fluxes and ±10 W m for atmospheric absorption. Horizontal fluxes through domain sides depend on A with ∼20% of cases exceeding ±30 W m; the largest values occur for A > 0.7. Conversely, heating rate differences rarely exceed ±20%. As a cursory test of TOA radiative closure, fluxes produced by the 3D model were averaged up to (20 km) and compared to values measured by CERES. While relatively little attention was paid to optical properties of ice crystals and surfaces, and aerosols were neglected entirely, ∼30% of the differences between 3D model estimates and measurements fall within ±10 W m; this is the target agreement set for EarthCARE. This, coupled with the aforementioned comparison between 3D and 1D transfer, leads to the recommendation that EarthCARE employ a 3D transport model when attempting TOA radiative closure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surveys in Geophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - PHOTON emission
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - Climate
KW  - Cloud
KW  - Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations
KW  - Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System
KW  - CloudSat
KW  - EarthCARE
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Satellite
KW  - The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
N1  - Accession Number: 76912010; Barker, H. 1; Email Address: howard.barker@ec.gc.ca Kato, S. 2 Wehr, T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cloud Physics and Severe Weather Research Section (ARMP), Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin St. Toronto M3H 5T4 Canada  2: NASA-Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  3: European Space Agency, Noordwijk The Netherlands; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 33 Issue 3/4, p657; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: PHOTON emission; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System; Author-Supplied Keyword: CloudSat; Author-Supplied Keyword: EarthCARE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10712-011-9164-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berman, Elena S.F.
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Liem, Jimmy
AU  - Kolyer, Richard
AU  - Gupta, Manish
T1  - Greenhouse gas analyzer for measurements of carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor aboard an unmanned aerial vehicle
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2012/07/05/
VL  - 169
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 135
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: A compact, lightweight atmospheric gas analyzer has been integrated into and flown on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sensor Integrated Environmental Remote Research Aircraft (SIERRA) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and deployed to make highly accurate, 1Hz measurements of methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. The analyzer was used to measure gas concentrations in flight and to demonstrate the system for providing measurements at altitudes as low as 10m and in remote locations. The first flights were conducted at Crows Landing, CA, an agricultural site, with H2O concentrations showing distinct structure and sharp features that were well outside of the measurement noise. The instrument was then deployed in Svalbard, Norway prior to the NASA Characterization of Arctic Sea Ice Experiment (CASIE). During the Svalbard flight, there was minimal variation in the CO2 and CH4 concentrations, but the water concentration changed dramatically, oscillating as the aircraft moved repeatedly through its racetrack shaped flight pattern. The regions of high water concentration corresponded to low-lying areas which collect runoff from the nearby Vestre Broggerbreen glacier. This novel, integrated instrument-aircraft system allows more numerous and efficient measurements of carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor concentrations at low-altitudes and in remote or dangerous locations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - GAS analysis
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - METHANE
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - AERONAUTICS in environmental research
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - Greenhouse gas
KW  - ICOS
KW  - Methane
KW  - Optical sensor
KW  - UAV
KW  - Water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 76493851; Berman, Elena S.F. 1; Email Address: e.berman@lgrinc.com Fladeland, Matthew 2 Liem, Jimmy 1 Kolyer, Richard 2 Gupta, Manish 1; Affiliation:  1: Los Gatos Research, 67 East Evelyn Ave, Suite 3, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: 7/5/2012, Vol. 169, p128; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: GAS analysis; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS in environmental research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenhouse gas; Author-Supplied Keyword: ICOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: UAV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2012.04.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boersma, C.
AU  - Rubin, R. H.
AU  - Allamandola, L. J.
T1  - SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON FEATURES SOUTHEAST OF THE ORION BAR.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/07/10/
VL  - 753
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and dust emission features between 10 and 37 μm, observed with Spitzer at 11 positions southeast of the Bright Bar (BB) in Orion, are analyzed and connected to atomic and H2 lines reported earlier. Variations at these positions indicate changes in local conditions and materials sampled. The major findings are: (1) PAH erosion and destruction are important from the BB out to about 5′. (2) The ionized PAH fraction, inferred from the 11.0 μm PAH band, increases from the BB out to 6.′5. This counterintuitive behavior is linked to PAH dehydrogenation. (3) The “11.2” μm PAH band profile shifts from class A11.2 to A(B)11.2 between 9′ and 10′, indicating these lines-of-sight probe a different environment, likely shielded molecular cloud material. (4) The different spatial behavior of the PAH bands and the 10-15 μm plateau supports the view that the plateau originates in a separate carrier. (5) The fullerene/PAH band strength ratio decreases out to about 7′, increases between 9′ and 10′ and drops at 12′. The first region is where PAHs are dehydrogenated and eroded whereas the second, shielded zone, is where the “11.2” μm profile shifts and PAH erosion is unlikely. This suggests fullerenes are intimately mixed with PAHs in shielded regions. Taken together, the observations suggest three different regimes are sampled: (1) the H II region-photodissociation region (PDR) interface directly southeast of the BB, (2) shielded molecular cloud material farther out, and (3) the H II region-PDR interface seen limb brightened at the outermost position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORION (Constellation)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 97977859; Boersma, C. 1; Email Address: Christiaan.Boersma@nasa.gov Rubin, R. H. 1,2 Allamandola, L. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 7/10/2012, Vol. 753 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ORION (Constellation); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/168
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bowler, Brendan P.
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Shkolnik, Evgenya L.
AU  - Dupuy, Trent J.
AU  - Cieza, Lucas A.
AU  - Kraus, Adam L.
AU  - Tamura, Motohide
T1  - PLANETS AROUND LOW-MASS STARS (PALMS). I. A SUBSTELLAR COMPANION TO THE YOUNG M DWARF 1RXS J235133.3+312720.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/07/10/
VL  - 753
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the young M dwarf 1RXS J235133.3+312720 as part of a high contrast imaging search for planets around nearby young low-mass stars with Keck-II/NIRC2 and Subaru/HiCIAO. The 2.″4 (∼120 AU) pair is confirmed to be comoving from two epochs of high-resolution imaging. Follow-up low- and moderate-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy of 1RXS J2351+3127 B with IRTF/SpeX and Keck-II/OSIRIS reveals a spectral type of L0+2–1. The M2 primary star 1RXS J2351+3127 A exhibits X-ray and UV activity levels comparable to young moving group members with ages of ∼10-100 Myr. UVW kinematics based the measured radial velocity of the primary and the system's photometric distance (50 ± 10 pc) indicate it is likely a member of the ∼50-150 Myr AB Dor moving group. The near-infrared spectrum of 1RXS J2351+3127 B does not exhibit obvious signs of youth, but its H-band morphology shows subtle hints of intermediate surface gravity. The spectrum is also an excellent match to the ∼200 Myr M9 brown dwarf LP 944-20. Assuming an age of 50-150 Myr, evolutionary models imply a mass of 32 ± 6 MJup for the companion, making 1RXS J2351+3127 B the second lowest-mass member of the AB Dor moving group after the L4 companion CD-35 2722 B and one of the few benchmark brown dwarfs known at young ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - IMAGING systems in astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 97977831; Bowler, Brendan P. 1,2; Email Address: bpbowler@ifa.hawaii.edu Liu, Michael C. 1 Shkolnik, Evgenya L. 3 Dupuy, Trent J. 4,5 Cieza, Lucas A. 1,6 Kraus, Adam L. 1,5 Tamura, Motohide 7; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawai‘i under cooperative agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: Hubble Fellow  6: Sagan Fellow  7: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Source Info: 7/10/2012, Vol. 753 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in astronomy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/142
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Donaldson, J. K.
AU  - Roberge, A.
AU  - Chen, C. H.
AU  - Augereau, J. -C
AU  - Dent, W. R. F.
AU  - Eiroa, C.
AU  - Krivov, A. V.
AU  - Mathews, G. S.
AU  - Meeus, G.
AU  - Ménard, F.
AU  - Riviere-Marichalar, P.
AU  - Sandell, G.
T1  - HERSCHEL PACS OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING OF DEBRIS DISKS IN THE TUCANA-HOROLOGIUM ASSOCIATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/07/10/
VL  - 753
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Herschel PACS photometry of 17 B- to M-type stars in the 30 Myr old Tucana-Horologium Association. This work is part of the Herschel Open Time Key Programme “Gas in Protoplanetary Systems”. 6 of the 17 targets were found to have infrared excesses significantly greater than the expected stellar IR fluxes, including a previously unknown disk around HD30051. These six debris disks were fitted with single-temperature blackbody models to estimate the temperatures and abundances of the dust in the systems. For the five stars that show excess emission in the Herschel PACS photometry and also have Spitzer IRS spectra, we fit the data with models of optically thin debris disks with realistic grain properties in order to better estimate the disk parameters. The model is determined by a set of six parameters: surface density index, grain size distribution index, minimum and maximum grain sizes, and the inner and outer radii of the disk. The best-fitting parameters give us constraints on the geometry of the dust in these systems, as well as lower limits to the total dust masses. The HD105 disk was further constrained by fitting marginally resolved PACS 70 μm imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
N1  - Accession Number: 97977836; Donaldson, J. K. 1; Email Address: jessd@astro.umd.edu Roberge, A. 2 Chen, C. H. 3 Augereau, J. -C 4 Dent, W. R. F. 5,6 Eiroa, C. 7 Krivov, A. V. 8 Mathews, G. S. 9 Meeus, G. 7 Ménard, F. 4 Riviere-Marichalar, P. 10 Sandell, G. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: UJF - Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble, F-38041, France  5: ALMA, Avda Apoquindo 3846, Piso 19, Edificio Alsacia, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile  6: European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile  7: Dpt. Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain  8: Astrophysikalishes Institut, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Schillergäßchen 2-3, 07745 Jena, Germany  9: Institute for Astronomy (IfA), University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  10: Centro de Astrobiología Depto. Astrofísica (CSIC-INTA), POB 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain  11: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Building N232, Rm. 146, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/10/2012, Vol. 753 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/753/2/147
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leenaarts, J.
AU  - Pereira, T.
AU  - Uitenbroek, H.
T1  - Fast approximation of angle-dependent partial redistribution in moving atmospheres.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/07/15/
VL  - 543
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - A109-1
EP  - A109-1
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The article presents a study which aims to provide a method to compute the emission to absorption profile ratio of angle-dependent partial redistribution (PRD) in moving atmospheres.
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - EXCHANGE reactions
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 84019226; Leenaarts, J. 1,2; Email Address: jorritl@astro.uio.no Pereira, T. 3,4 Uitenbroek, H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029, Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway  2: Utrecht University, Postbus 80 000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Lockheed Martin ATC, Solar & Astrophysics Lab, Org. H1-12, Bldg. 252, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304-1187, USA  5: NSO/Sacramento Peak, PO Box 62, Sunspot, NM 88349-0062, USA; Source Info: July2012, Vol. 543 Issue 2, pA109-1; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: EXCHANGE reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219394
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Thygesen, A. O.
AU  - Frandsen, S.
AU  - Bruntt, H.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Andersen, M. F.
AU  - Elsworth, Y. P.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Karoff, C.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Brogaard, K.
AU  - Burke, C.
AU  - Caldwell, D. A.
AU  - Christiansen, J. L.
T1  - Atmospheric parameters of 82 red giants in the Kepler field.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/07/15/
VL  - 543
IS  - 2
M3  - Abstract
SP  - A160-1
EP  - A160-1
SN  - 00046361
AB  - An abstract of the article "Atmospheric parameters of 82 red giants in the Kepler field," by A. O. Thygesen and colleagues is presented.
KW  - RED giants
KW  - KEPLER'S equation
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - methods: observational
KW  - stars: abundances
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
N1  - Accession Number: 84019277; Thygesen, A. O. 1,2; Email Address: aot06@phys.au.dk Frandsen, S. 1 Bruntt, H. 1 Kallinger, T. 3 Andersen, M. F. 1 Elsworth, Y. P. 4 Hekker, S. 4,5 Karoff, C. 1 Stello, D. 6 Brogaard, K. 7 Burke, C. 8 Caldwell, D. A. 8 Christiansen, J. L. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and AstronomyAarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  2: Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Landessternwarte, Königstuhl 12, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  5: Astronomical Institute, "Anton Pannekoek", University of Amsterdam, PO Box 94249, 1090 GE Amsterdam, The Netherlands  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  8: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: July2012, Vol. 543 Issue 2, pA160-1; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: KEPLER'S equation; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: observational; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219237
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
T1  - The quest for ozone intensities in the 9–11μm region: A retrospective
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2012/07/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 825
EP  - 828
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: We review efforts to experimentally determine absolute line intensities for ozone transitions in the 9–11μm spectral region over the last several decades. Much of this work has been driven by the requirements for remote sensing of terrestrial atmospheric ozone. While significant progress has been achieved, discrepancies persist among various infrared measurements, and the relation between infrared and ultraviolet standards is not clearly resolved. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - INFRARED technology
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - RETROSPECTIVE studies
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Intensity standards
KW  - Ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 75185012; Smith, Mary Ann H. 1; Email Address: Mary.Ann.H.Smith@nasa.gov Malathy Devi, V. 2 Chris Benner, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 113 Issue 11, p825; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: INFRARED technology; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: RETROSPECTIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensity standards; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.02.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
T1  - Spectral line parameters including temperature dependences of self- and air-broadening in the 2←0 band of CO at 2.3μm
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2012/07/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1013
EP  - 1033
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Temperature dependences of pressure-broadened half-width and pressure-induced shift coefficients along with accurate positions and intensities have been determined for transitions in the 2←0 band of 12C16O from analyzing high-resolution and high signal-to-noise spectra recorded with two different Fourier transform spectrometers. A total of 28 spectra, 16 self-broadened and 12 air-broadened, recorded using high-purity (≥99.5% 12C-enriched) CO samples and CO diluted with dry air (research grade) at different temperatures and pressures, were analyzed simultaneously to maximize the accuracy of the retrieved parameters. The sample temperatures ranged from 150 to 298K and the total pressures varied between 5 and 700Torr. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares spectrum fitting technique was used to adjust the rovibrational constants (G, B, D, etc.) and intensity parameters (including Herman–Wallis coefficients), rather than determining individual line positions and intensities. Self- and air-broadened Lorentz half-width coefficients, their temperature dependence exponents, self- and air-pressure-induced shift coefficients, their temperature dependences, self- and air- line mixing coefficients, their temperature dependences and speed dependence have been retrieved from the analysis. Speed-dependent line shapes with line mixing employing off-diagonal relaxation matrix element formalism were needed to minimize the fit residuals. This study presents a precise and complete set of spectral line parameters that consistently reproduce the spectrum of carbon monoxide over terrestrial atmospheric conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - CO
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Lorentz widths
KW  - Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements
KW  - Pressure shifts
KW  - Temperature dependence of line mixing
KW  - Temperature dependences of Lorentz widths and shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 75185027; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: malathyv@hotmail.com Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Mantz, A.W. 3 Sung, K. 4 Brown, L.R. 4 Predoi-Cross, A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Dept. of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alta., Canada TIK 3M4; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 113 Issue 11, p1013; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz widths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence of line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependences of Lorentz widths and shifts; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75185027&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Coy, Stephen L.
AU  - Lehmann, Kevin K.
T1  - Extended line positions, intensities, empirical lower state energies and quantum assignments of NH3 from 6300 to 7000cm−1
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2012/07/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1066
EP  - 1083
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Nearly 4800 features of ammonia between 6300 and 7000cm−1 with intensities ≥4×10−24 cm−1/(molecule·cm−2) at 296K were measured using 16 pure NH3 spectra recorded at various temperatures (296–185K) with the McMath–Pierce Fourier Transform Spectrometer at Kitt Peak National Observatory, AZ. The line positions and intensities were retrieved by fitting individual spectra based on a Voigt line shape profile and then averaging the values to form the experimental linelist. The integrated intensity of the region was 4.68×10−19 cm−1/(molecule·cm−2) at 296K. Empirical lower state energies were also estimated for 3567 absorption line features using line intensities retrieved from 10 spectra recorded at gas temperature between 185 and 233K. Finally, using Ground State Combination Differences (GSCDs) and the empirical lower state energy estimates, the quantum assignments were determined for 1096 transitions in the room temperature linelist, along with empirical upper state energies for 434 levels. The assignments correspond to seven vibrational states, as confirmed from recent ab initio calculations. The resulting composite database of 14NH3 line parameters will provide experimental constraints to ab initio calculations and support remote sensing of gaseous bodies including the atmospheres of Earth, (exo)planets, brown dwarfs, and other astrophysical environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - GROUND state (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - Ammonia
KW  - Empirical lower and upper state energies
KW  - Intensities
KW  - Near infrared
KW  - Positions
N1  - Accession Number: 75185033; Sung, Keeyoon 1; Email Address: ksung@jpl.nasa.gov Brown, Linda R. 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2; Email Address: xinchuan.huang-1@nasa.gov Schwenke, David W. 3 Lee, Timothy J. 3 Coy, Stephen L. 1 Lehmann, Kevin K. 4; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 113 Issue 11, p1066; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: GROUND state (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ammonia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Empirical lower and upper state energies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.02.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newman, Stuart M.
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Ptashnik, Igor V.
AU  - Jones, Roderic L.
AU  - Mead, Mohammed I.
AU  - Revercomb, Henry
AU  - Tobin, David C.
AU  - Taylor, Joe K.
AU  - Taylor, Jonathan P.
T1  - The Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment: An evaluation of instrument and algorithms
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2012/07/15/
VL  - 113
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1372
EP  - 1390
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) was designed to investigate the absolute radiometric accuracy of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and test the radiative transfer algorithms on which applications using IASI radiances rely. Two comprehensively instrumented research aircraft participated in coordinated measurements co-aligned with overpasses on the IASI instrument, with airborne interferometers obtaining radiance observations alongside intensive measurements of the atmospheric state. The JAIVEx data set has been used to place an upper bound on the absolute radiometric accuracy of IASI radiances. Further, a set of clear air case studies have been used to test competing formulations of the CO2 line shape, water vapor spectroscopic line parameters and continuum. The current state-of-the art performance of line-by-line models is established with implications for optimal use of IASI radiances in numerical weather prediction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - CASE studies
KW  - Interferometry
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Water vapor continuum
N1  - Accession Number: 75185061; Newman, Stuart M. 1; Email Address: stu.newman@metoffice.gov.uk Larar, Allen M. 2 Smith, William L. 3,4 Ptashnik, Igor V. 5 Jones, Roderic L. 6 Mead, Mohammed I. 6 Revercomb, Henry 4 Tobin, David C. 4 Taylor, Joe K. 4 Taylor, Jonathan P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, United Kingdom  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA  4: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA  5: V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, 1 Academician Zuev Square, Tomsk 634055, Russia  6: Centre for Atmospheric Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 113 Issue 11, p1372; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: CASE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor continuum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.02.030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=75185061&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, F.
AU  - Kovarik, L.
AU  - Phillips, P.J.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
T1  - Characterizations of precipitate phases in a Ti–Ni–Pd alloy
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2012/07/15/
VL  - 67
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 145
EP  - 148
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The microstructure of 46Ti–37.5Ni–16.5Pd (at.%) alloy was investigated by electron diffraction and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The phase content and stability were determined at several different temperatures and times. Aging at 400°C for 1h results in a new phase (P1-phase), which is consumed by P-phase at longer aging times. At 450°C, the P1-phase appears first, and then coexists with P-phase. At 500°C, the entire alloy transforms into the P1-phase. At 550°C, Ti3(Ni,Pd)4 phase begins to form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - ELECTRON diffraction
KW  - SCANNING transmission electron microscopy
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Crystal structure
KW  - High-angle annular dark field
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 76337173; Yang, F. 1; Email Address: yang.1052@osu.edu Kovarik, L. 1,2 Phillips, P.J. 1 Noebe, R.D. 3 Mills, M.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, 2041 College Rd., Columbus, OH 43202, USA  2: EMSL, Pacific Northwest National Lab, 902 Battelle Boulevard, PO Box 999, MSIN K8-87, Richland, WA 99352, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 67 Issue 2, p145; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: ELECTRON diffraction; Subject Term: SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-angle annular dark field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.04.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76337173&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krick, Jessica E.
AU  - Glaccum, William J.
AU  - Carey, Sean J.
AU  - Lowrance, Patrick J.
AU  - Surace, Jason A.
AU  - Ingalls, James G.
AU  - Hora, Joseph L.
AU  - Reach, William T.
T1  - A SPITZER/IRAC MEASURE OF THE ZODIACAL LIGHT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/07/20/
VL  - 754
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The dominant non-instrumental background source for space-based infrared observatories is the zodiacal light (ZL). We present Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) measurements of the ZL at 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm, taken as part of the instrument calibrations. We measure the changing surface brightness levels in approximately weekly IRAC observations near the north ecliptic pole over a period of roughly 8.5 years. This long time baseline is crucial for measuring the annual sinusoidal variation in the signal levels due to the tilt of the dust disk with respect to the ecliptic, which is the true signal of the ZL. This is compared to both Cosmic Background Explorer Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment data and a ZL model based thereon. Our data show a few-percent discrepancy from the Kelsall et al. model including a potential warping of the interplanetary dust disk and a previously detected overdensity in the dust cloud directly behind the Earth in its orbit. Accurate knowledge of the ZL is important for both extragalactic and Galactic astronomy including measurements of the cosmic infrared background, absolute measures of extended sources, and comparison to extrasolar interplanetary dust models. IRAC data can be used to further inform and test future ZL models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZODIACAL light
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 97977924; Krick, Jessica E. 1; Email Address: jkrick@caltech.edu Glaccum, William J. 1 Carey, Sean J. 1 Lowrance, Patrick J. 1 Surace, Jason A. 1 Ingalls, James G. 1 Hora, Joseph L. 2 Reach, William T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Spitzer Science Center, MS 220-6, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: SOFIA/USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/20/2012, Vol. 754 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ZODIACAL light; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/754/1/53
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97977924&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Bauschlicher  Jr., Charles W.
AU  - Boersma, Christiaan
AU  - Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
T1  - THE INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF COMPACT POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS CONTAINING UP TO 384 CARBONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/07/20/
VL  - 754
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The mid- and the far-infrared spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been computed using density functional theory. This study has focused on PAHs in the highly symmetric, compact, coronene family with sizes up to 384 carbons. We have identified trends in the peak position and intrinsic strength of the vibrational modes of these species and compared these to trends previously reported for less symmetric and smaller PAHs. The computed spectral modes have been used to calculate the IR emission spectrum of PAHs pumped by UV photons. The results have been compared to observed interstellar spectra to elucidate the characteristics of the interstellar PAH family. The calculations show that highly symmetric PAHs are very stable and, hence, might be favored under the harsh conditions of interstellar space. Our calculated vibrational properties confirm and extend previous studies for small PAHs to the large compact PAHs studied here, specifically in terms of the dependence of the spectral characteristics on ionization and on H-adjacency. The calculations show that for PAHs larger than 150 carbons, the 6.3 μm feature becomes very broad and shifts to longer wavelengths, the 8.6 μm band becomes stronger than the “7.7” μm band, and the 11.0/12.7 band strength ratio gets too large compared with observations. Thus, PAHs with 150 carbons or more are unlikely to be the dominant species in interstellar space. The simplicity of the observed spectra in the 15-20 μm range points toward a preponderance of compact PAHs in the interstellar PAH family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons -- Spectra
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
N1  - Accession Number: 97977951; Ricca, Alessandra 1; Email Address: Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov Bauschlicher  Jr., Charles W. 2; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Boersma, Christiaan 3,4; Email Address: Christiaan.Boersma@nasa.gov Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. 5; Email Address: tielens@strw.leidenuniv.nl Allamandola, Louis J. 3; Email Address: Louis.J.Allamandola@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Entry Systems and Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Postdoctoral Program.  5: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA, The Netherlands; Source Info: 7/20/2012, Vol. 754 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons -- Spectra; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/754/1/75
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97977951&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaspari, M.
AU  - Brighenti, F.
AU  - Temi, P.
T1  - Mechanical AGN feedback: controlling the thermodynamical evolution of elliptical galaxies.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/07/21/
VL  - 424
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 209
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT A fundamental gap in the current understanding of galaxies concerns the thermodynamical evolution of ordinary, baryonic matter. On the one hand, radiative emission drastically decreases the thermal energy content of the interstellar plasma (ISM), inducing a slow cooling flow towards the centre. On the other hand, the active galactic nucleus (AGN) struggles to prevent the runaway cooling catastrophe, injecting huge amount of energy into the ISM. The present study intends to investigate thoroughly the role of mechanical AGN feedback in (isolated or massive) elliptical galaxies, extending and completing the mass range of tested cosmic environments. Our previously successful feedback models in galaxy clusters and groups demonstrated that AGN outflows, self-regulated by cold gas accretion, are able to quench the cooling flow properly without destroying the cool core. Via three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations ( flash 3.3), also including stellar evolution, we show that massive mechanical AGN outflows can indeed solve the cooling-flow problem for the entire life of the galaxy, at the same time reproducing typical observational features and constraints such as buoyant underdense bubbles, elliptical shock cocoons, sonic ripples, dredge-up of metals, subsonic turbulence and extended filamentary or nuclear cold gas. In order to avoid overheating and totally emptying the isolated galaxy, the frequent mechanical AGN feedback should be less powerful and efficient (ε∼ 10−4) compared with the heating required for more massive and bound ellipticals surrounded by the intragroup medium (ε∼ 10−3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - ELLIPTICAL galaxies
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - ENERGY gaps (Physics)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - galaxies: ISM
KW  - galaxies: jets
KW  - hydrodynamics
KW  - intergalactic medium
KW  - X-rays: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 77509657; Gaspari, M. 1 Brighenti, F. 1 Temi, P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, University of Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy  2: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 424 Issue 1, p190; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ELLIPTICAL galaxies; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: ENERGY gaps (Physics); Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: active; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: jets; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: intergalactic medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-rays: galaxies; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21183.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77509657&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guggenberger, E.
AU  - Kolenberg, K.
AU  - Nemec, J. M.
AU  - Smolec, R.
AU  - Benkő, J. M.
AU  - Ngeow, C.-C.
AU  - Cohen, J. G.
AU  - Sesar, B.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Catelan, M.
AU  - Moskalik, P.
AU  - Kinemuchi, K.
AU  - Seader, S. E.
AU  - Smith, J. C.
AU  - Tenenbaum, P.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
T1  - The complex case of V445 Lyr observed with Kepler: two Blazhko modulations, a non-radial mode, possible triple mode RR Lyrae pulsation, and more.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/07/21/
VL  - 424
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 649
EP  - 665
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT Rapid and strong changes in the Blazhko modulation of RR Lyrae stars, as have recently been detected in high-precision satellite data, have become a crucial topic in finding an explanation of the long-standing mystery of the Blazhko effect. We present here an analysis of the most extreme case detected so far, the RRab star V445 Lyr (KIC 6186029) which was observed with the Kepler space mission. V445 Lyr shows very strong cycle-to-cycle changes in its Blazhko modulation, which are caused by both a secondary long-term modulation period and irregular variations. In addition to the complex Blazhko modulation, V445 Lyr also shows a rich spectrum of additional peaks in the frequency range between the fundamental pulsation and the first harmonic. Among those peaks, the second radial overtone could be identified, which, combined with a metallicity estimate of [Fe/H] =−2.0 dex from spectroscopy, allowed us to constrain the mass (0.55-0.65 M⊙) and luminosity (40-50 L⊙) of V445 Lyr through theoretical Petersen diagrams. A non-radial mode and possibly the first overtone are also excited. Furthermore, V445 Lyr shows signs of the period-doubling phenomenon and a long-term period change. A detailed Fourier analysis along with a study of the O − C variation of V445 Lyr is presented, and the origin of the additional peaks and possible causes of the changes in the Blazhko modulation are discussed. The results are then put into context with those of the only other star with a variable Blazhko effect for which a long enough set of high-precision continuous satellite data has been published so far, the CoRoT star 105288363. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - RR Lyrae stars
KW  - PHASE modulation
KW  - FOURIER analysis
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - asteroseismology
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - stars: individual: CoRoT 105288363
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 6186029 (V445 Lyr)
KW  - stars: variables: RR Lyrae
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 77509699; Guggenberger, E. 1 Kolenberg, K. 2,3 Nemec, J. M. 4 Smolec, R. 1,5 Benkő, J. M. 6 Ngeow, C.-C. 7 Cohen, J. G. 8 Sesar, B. 8 Szabó, R. 6 Catelan, M. 9 Moskalik, P. 5 Kinemuchi, K. 10 Seader, S. E. 11 Smith, J. C. 11 Tenenbaum, P. 11 Kjeldsen, H. 12; Affiliation:  1: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Camosun College, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5J2, Canada  5: Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warszawa, Poland  6: Konkoly Observatory, Research Center for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, PO Box 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary  7: Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan  8: California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 249-17, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile  10: NASA Ames Research Center/Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Mail Stop 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 424 Issue 1, p649; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: RR Lyrae stars; Subject Term: PHASE modulation; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: CoRoT 105288363; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 6186029 (V445 Lyr); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: RR Lyrae; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21244.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77509699&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hanasoge, Shravan M.
AU  - Duvall Jr., Thomas L.
AU  - Sreenivasan, Katepalli R.
T1  - Anomalously weak solar convection.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/07/24/
VL  - 109
IS  - 30
M3  - Article
SP  - 11928
EP  - 11932
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Convection in the solar interior is thought to comprise structures on a spectrum of scales. This conclusion emerges from phenomenological studies and numerical simulations, though neither covers the proper range of dynamical parameters of solar convection. Here, we analyze observations of the wavef ¡eld in the solar photosphere using techniques of time-distance helioseismology to image flows in the solar interior. We downsample and synthesize 900 billion wavefield observations to produce 3 billion cross-correlations, which we average and fit, measuring 5 million wave travel times. Using these travel times, we deduce the underlying flow systems and study their statistics to bound convective velocity magnitudes in the solar interior, as a function of depth and spherical- harmonic degree f. Within the wavenumber band ℓ < 60, convective velocities are 20-100 times weaker than current theoretical estimates. This constraint suggests the prevalence of a different paradigm of turbulence from that predicted by existing models, prompting the question: what mechanism transports the heat flux of a solar luminosity outwards? Advection is dominated by Coriolis forces for wavenumbers ℓ < 60, with Rossby numbers smaller than approximately 10 -2 at r/R⊙ = 0.96, suggesting that the Sun may be a much faster rotator than previously thought, and that large-scale convection may be quasi-geostrophic. The fact that isorotation contours in the Sun are not coaligned with the axis of rotation suggests the presence of a latitudinal entropy gradient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - PHENOMENOLOGY
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - INVERSION (Geophysics)
KW  - SUN
KW  - INTERNAL structure
KW  - imaging
KW  - inverse problem
KW  - Reynolds stresses
KW  - thermal wind balance
N1  - Accession Number: 78276696; Hanasoge, Shravan M. 1,2; Email Address: krs3@nyu.edu Duvall Jr., Thomas L. 3 Sreenivasan, Katepalli R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, NJ 08544  2: Max-Planck-lnstitut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  3: Solar Physics Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Flight Center, MD 20771  4: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, NY 10012; Source Info: 7/24/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 30, p11928; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: PHENOMENOLOGY; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: INVERSION (Geophysics); Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: INTERNAL structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reynolds stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal wind balance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1206570109
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78276696&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saide, Pablo E.
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - Spaka, Scott N.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Ayers, J. Kirk
T1  - Improving aerosol distributions below clouds by assimilating satellite-retrieved cloud droplet number.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/07/24/
VL  - 109
IS  - 30
M3  - Article
SP  - 11939
EP  - 11943
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Limitations in current capabilities to constrain aerosols adversely impact atmospheric simulations. Typically, aerosol burdens within models are constrained employing satellite aerosol optical properties, which are not available under cloudy conditions. Here we set the first steps to overcome the long-standing limitation that aerosols cannot be constrained using satellite remote sensing under cloudy conditions. We introduce a unique data assimilation method that uses cloud droplet number (Wd) retrievals to improve predicted below-cloud aerosol mass and number concentrations. The assimilation, which uses an adjoint aerosol activation parameterization, improves agreement with independent Nd observations and with in situ aerosol measurements below shallow cumulus clouds. The impacts of a single assimilation on aerosol and cloud forecasts extend beyond 24 h. Unlike previous methods, this technique can directly improve predictions of near-surface fine mode aerosols responsible for human health impacts and low-cloud radiative forcing. Better constrained aerosol distributions will help improve health effects studies, atmospheric emissions estimates, and airquality, weather, and climate predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - CLOUD droplets
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - air quality
KW  - indirect effect
KW  - mlcrophysics
KW  - stratiform cloud
KW  - weather prediction
N1  - Accession Number: 78276698; Saide, Pablo E. 1; Email Address: pablo-saide@uiowa.edu Carmichael, Gregory R. 1 Spaka, Scott N. 1 Minnis, Patrick 2 Ayers, J. Kirk 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666; Source Info: 7/24/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 30, p11939; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: CLOUD droplets; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: AIR quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: indirect effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: mlcrophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratiform cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: weather prediction; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1205877109
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kasting, James F.
AU  - Catling, David C.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Atmospheric oxygenation and volcanism.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/07/26/
VL  - 487
IS  - 7408
M3  - Article
SP  - E1
EP  - E1
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Arising from F. Gaillard, B. Scaillet & N. T. Arndt 478, 229-232(2011)Around 2.5 billion years ago, Earth's atmosphere turned from anoxic to oxic in what is known as the Great Oxidation Event. Gaillard et al. suggest that this oxygenation was caused by the emergence of the continents and a shift in volcanism from predominantly submarine to primarily subaerial conditions. Because the ratio of volcanic SO2 to H2S in their model increases with this shift, they argue that the atmosphere became more oxidized. But their model also predicts that outgassing of CO2 decreases at the lower pressure of continental volcanism, and that this should act against atmospheric oxygenation because CO2 is the substrate for the production of oxygen from photosynthesis. Hence, their mechanism may not trigger a rise in atmospheric O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - OXYGENATION (Chemistry)
KW  - VOLCANISM
KW  - CONTINENTS
KW  - HISTORY
KW  - OUTGASSING (Low pressure environments)
N1  - Accession Number: 78110546; Kasting, James F. 1 Catling, David C. 2 Zahnle, Kevin 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 443 Deike, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA  2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, and Astrobiology Program, Box 351310, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/26/2012, Vol. 487 Issue 7408, pE1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: OXYGENATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: VOLCANISM; Subject Term: CONTINENTS; Subject Term: HISTORY; Subject Term: OUTGASSING (Low pressure environments); Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11274
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78110546&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Winn, Joshua N.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Clarke, Bruce D.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Howard, Andrew W.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Koch, David
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Seader, Shawn E.
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Thompson, Susan E.
T1  - Alignment of the stellar spin with the orbits of a three-planet system.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2012/07/26/
VL  - 487
IS  - 7408
M3  - Article
SP  - 449
EP  - 453
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The Sun's equator and the planets' orbital planes are nearly aligned, which is presumably a consequence of their formation from a single spinning gaseous disk. For exoplanetary systems this well-aligned configuration is not guaranteed: dynamical interactions may tilt planetary orbits, or stars may be misaligned with the protoplanetary disk through chaotic accretion , magnetic interactions or torques from neighbouring stars. Indeed, isolated 'hot Jupiters' are often misaligned and even orbiting retrograde. Here we report an analysis of transits of planets over starspots on the Sun-like star Kepler-30 (ref. 8), and show that the orbits of its three planets are aligned with the stellar equator. Furthermore, the orbits are aligned with one another to within a few degrees. This configuration is similar to that of our Solar System, and contrasts with the isolated hot Jupiters. The orderly alignment seen in the Kepler-30 system suggests that high obliquities are confined to systems that experienced disruptive dynamical interactions. Should this be corroborated by observations of other coplanar multi-planet systems, then star-disk misalignments would be ruled out as the explanation for the high obliquities of hot Jupiters, and dynamical interactions would be implicated as the origin of hot Jupiters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - STARSPOTS
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 78110520; Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto 1 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 2 Winn, Joshua N. 1 Barclay, Thomas 3 Clarke, Bruce D. 4 Ford, Eric B. 5 Fortney, Jonathan J. 2 Geary, John C. 6 Holman, Matthew J. 6 Howard, Andrew W. 7 Jenkins, Jon M. 4 Koch, David 8 Lissauer, Jack J. 8 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7 Mullally, Fergal 4 Ragozzine, Darin 6 Seader, Shawn E. 4 Still, Martin 3 Thompson, Susan E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA  3: 1] Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, California 95476, USA [2] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave. no. 100, Mountain View, USA  5: University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, Florida 32611-2055, USA  6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/26/2012, Vol. 487 Issue 7408, p449; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11301
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78110520&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stupl, Jan
AU  - Mason, James
AU  - Marshall, William
AU  - Levit, Creon
AU  - Smith, Craig
AU  - Olivier, Scot
AU  - Pertica, Alex
AU  - De Vries, Wim
T1  - LightForce: Orbital collision avoidance using ground-based laser induced photon pressure.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/07/30/
VL  - 1464
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 481
EP  - 491
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We propose to employ small orbit perturbations, induced by photon pressure from ground-based laser illumination, for collision avoidance in space. Possible applications would be a) protecting space assets from impacts with debris and b) stabilizing the orbital debris environment. In comparison to schemes aimed at de-orbiting debris using laser ablation, collision avoidance requires much less force and hence needs less sophisticated laser/telescope systems. In earlier research we concluded that a system consisting of a 10kW class laser, directed by a 1.5m telescope with adaptive optics, could avoid a significant fraction of collisions in low earth orbit. This paper describes our recent efforts which include refining our original analysis, employing higher fidelity simulations and presenting our planned experimental approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER beams
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - ADAPTIVE optics
N1  - Accession Number: 78220856; Stupl, Jan 1 Mason, James 1 Marshall, William 1 Levit, Creon 2 Smith, Craig 3 Olivier, Scot 4 Pertica, Alex 4 De Vries, Wim 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center and Universities Space Research Association, Moffett Field, MS202-3, CA 94035,  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, MS202-3, CA 94035,  3: EOS Space Systems Pty Limited, EOS House, Mount Stromlo Observatory, Cotter Road, Weston Creek ACT 2611,  4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave., Livermore, CA 94550,; Source Info: 7/30/2012, Vol. 1464 Issue 1, p481; Subject Term: LASER beams; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE optics; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4739902
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78220856&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nicolau, Eduardo
AU  - Poventud-Estrada, Carlos M.
AU  - Arroyo, Lisandra
AU  - Fonseca, José
AU  - Flynn, Michael
AU  - Cabrera, Carlos R.
T1  - Microgravity effects on the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia: A parabolic flight experiment
JO  - Electrochimica Acta
JF  - Electrochimica Acta
Y1  - 2012/07/30/
VL  - 75
M3  - Article
SP  - 88
EP  - 93
SN  - 00134686
AB  - Abstract: The diffusion of molecular species through nanoporous systems in microgravity conditions is of interest due to the implications of nanotechnology in aerospace technologies. Herein we present the electrochemical oxidation of ammonia at Pt nanoparticles/nano-supporting electrode systems. The decomposition of ammonia has become of critical importance since it is a common component in aqueous streams. The experiments were carried out in a parabolic flight by using different materials to test the electrooxidation of ammonia. Linear polarization curves were attained in microgravity for all materials. In general, a reduction in catalytic performance of 20–65% was observed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Electrochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMMONIA -- Oxidation
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - AEROSPACE technology
KW  - Ammonia oxidation
KW  - Electrocatalysis
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Parabolic flight
KW  - Pt nanoparticles
N1  - Accession Number: 76917127; Nicolau, Eduardo 1,2 Poventud-Estrada, Carlos M. 1,2 Arroyo, Lisandra 1,2 Fonseca, José 1,2 Flynn, Michael 3 Cabrera, Carlos R. 1,2; Email Address: carlos.cabrera2@upr.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, USA  2: NASA-URC Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials, PO Box 23346, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Bioengineering Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94036, USA; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 75, p88; Subject Term: AMMONIA -- Oxidation; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: AEROSPACE technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ammonia oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrocatalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parabolic flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pt nanoparticles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.04.079
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palumbo, Dan
T1  - Determining correlation and coherence lengths in turbulent boundary layer flight data
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2012/07/30/
VL  - 331
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 3721
EP  - 3737
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Wall pressure data acquired during flight tests at several flight conditions are analysed and the correlation and coherence lengths of the data reported. It is found that the correlation and coherence lengths are influenced by the origin of the structure producing the pressure and the frequency bandwidth over which the analyses are performed. It is shown how the frequency bandwidth biases the correlation length and how the convection of the pressure field might reduce the coherence measured between sensors. A convected form of the cross correlation and cross spectrum is introduced to compensate for the effects of convection. Coherence lengths measured in the streamwise direction appear much longer than expected. Coherent structures detected using the convected cross correlation do not exhibit an exponential coherent power decay. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COHERENT states
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - ANALYSIS of covariance
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
N1  - Accession Number: 74985961; Palumbo, Dan 1; Email Address: d.l.palumbo@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 463, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Jul2012, Vol. 331 Issue 16, p3721; Subject Term: COHERENT states; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of covariance; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2012.03.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
T1  - Effect of Initial Boundary-Layer State on Subsonic Jet Noise.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 50
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1784
EP  - 1795
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Significant differences in subsonic jet noise databases have been reported in recent review papers. Specifically, university-type facilities involving higher contraction ratios and possibly cleaner flows are noted to yield higher levels of noise relative to data from industrial-type facilities. An experimental investigation is carried out in an attempt to understand the sources of the anomaly. It is inferred that differences in jet core turbulence may not be the source. An observation in a previous study is confirmed showing that two nozzles of the same diameter but different internal geometry can produce a difference in subsonic jet noise. The present measurements demonstrate that the noisier nozzle involves a highly disturbed laminar, or nominally laminar, boundary-layer state as opposed to a turbulent state with the other. The former boundary-layer state with the noisier nozzle is actually marked by larger turbulence intensities, consistent with the higher radiated noise. Although the boundary-layer characteristics were not reported with the earlier databases, the present results suggest that differences therein might be a source of the anomaly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering -- Research
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - JET engines
KW  - JET nozzles
KW  - JET planes -- Noise
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
N1  - Accession Number: 78295718; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 50 Issue 8, p1784; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering -- Research; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: JET nozzles; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051712
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78295718&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tsou, Peter
AU  - Brownlee, Donald E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Anbar, Ariel D.
AU  - Yano, Hajime
AU  - Altwegg, Kathrin
AU  - Beegle, Luther W.
AU  - Dissly, Richard
AU  - Strange, Nathan J.
AU  - Kanik, Isik
T1  - LIFE: Life Investigation For EnceladusA Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 12
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 730
EP  - 742
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Life Investigation For Enceladus (LIFE) presents a low-cost sample return mission to Enceladus, a body with high astrobiological potential. There is ample evidence that liquid water exists under ice coverage in the form of active geysers in the 'tiger stripes' area of the southern Enceladus hemisphere. This active plume consists of gas and ice particles and enables the sampling of fresh materials from the interior that may originate from a liquid water source. The particles consist mostly of water ice and are 1-10 μ in diameter. The plume composition shows H2O, CO2, CH4, NH3, Ar, and evidence that more complex organic species might be present. Since life on Earth exists whenever liquid water, organics, and energy coexist, understanding the chemical components of the emanating ice particles could indicate whether life is potentially present on Enceladus. The icy worlds of the outer planets are testing grounds for some of the theories for the origin of life on Earth. The LIFE mission concept is envisioned in two parts: first, to orbit Saturn (in order to achieve lower sampling speeds, approaching 2 km/s, and thus enable a softer sample collection impact than Stardust, and to make possible multiple flybys of Enceladus); second, to sample Enceladus' plume, the E ring of Saturn, and the Titan upper atmosphere. With new findings from these samples, NASA could provide detailed chemical and isotopic and, potentially, biological compositional context of the plume. Since the duration of the Enceladus plume is unpredictable, it is imperative that these samples are captured at the earliest flight opportunity. If LIFE is launched before 2019, it could take advantage of a Jupiter gravity assist, which would thus reduce mission lifetimes and launch vehicle costs. The LIFE concept offers science returns comparable to those of a Flagship mission but at the measurably lower sample return costs of a Discovery-class mission. Key Words: Astrobiology-Habitability-Enceladus-Biosignatures. Astrobiology 12, 730-742. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORIGIN of life
KW  - ENCELADUS (Satellite)
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - GEYSERS
KW  - WATER supply
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 90251839; Tsou, Peter 1 Brownlee, Donald E. 2 McKay, Christopher P. 3 Anbar, Ariel D. 4 Yano, Hajime 5 Altwegg, Kathrin 6 Beegle, Luther W. 7 Dissly, Richard 8 Strange, Nathan J. 7 Kanik, Isik 7; Affiliation:  1: Sample Exploration Systems La Cañada, California, USA.  2: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.  3: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  4: Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.  5: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Tokyo, Japan.  6: University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.  8: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Boulder, Colorado, USA.; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 12 Issue 8, p730; Subject Term: ORIGIN of life; Subject Term: ENCELADUS (Satellite); Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: GEYSERS; Subject Term: WATER supply; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0813
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251839&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meeus, G.
AU  - Montesinos, B.
AU  - Mendigutía, I.
AU  - Kamp, I.
AU  - Thi, W. F.
AU  - Eiroa, C.
AU  - Grady, C. A.
AU  - Mathews, G.
AU  - Sandell, G.
AU  - Martin-Zaïdi, C.
AU  - Brittain, S.
AU  - Dent, W. R. F.
AU  - Howard, C.
AU  - Ménard, F.
AU  - Pinte, C.
AU  - Roberge, A.
AU  - Vandenbussche, B.
AU  - Williams, J. P.
T1  - Observations of Herbig Ae/Be stars with Herschel/PACS The atomic and molecular contents of their protoplanetary discs.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 544
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 00046361
AB  - We observed a sample of 20 representative Herbig Ae/Be stars and 5 A-type debris discs with PACS onboard Herschel, as part of the GAS in Protoplanetary Systems (GASPS) project. The observations were done in spectroscopic mode, and cover the far-infrared lines of [O I], [C II], CO, CH+, H2O, and OH. We have a [Oi] 63 μm detection rate of 100% for the Herbig Ae/Be and 0% for the debris discs. The [OI] 145 μm line is only detected in 25% and CO J = 18-17 in 45% (and fewer cases for higher J transitions) of the Herbig Ae/Be stars, while for [CII] 157 μm, we often find spatially variable background contamination. We show the first detection of water in a Herbig Ae disc, HD 163296, which has a settled disc. Hydroxyl is detected as well in this disc. First seen in HD 100546, CH+ emission is now detected for the second time in a Herbig Ae star, HD 97048. We report fluxes for each line and use the observations as line diagnostics of the gas properties. Furthermore, we look for correlations between the strength of the emission lines and either the stellar or disc parameters, such as stellar luminosity, ultraviolet and X-ray flux, accretion rate, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) band strength, and flaring. We find that the stellar ultraviolet flux is the dominant excitation mechanism of [OI] 63 μm, with the highest line fluxes being found in objects with a large amount of flaring and among the largest PAH strengths. Neither the amount of accretion nor the X-ray luminosity has an influence on the line strength. We find correlations between the line flux of [OI] 63 μm and [OI] 145 μm, CO J = 18-17 and [OI] 6300 Å, and between the continuum flux at 63 μm and at 1.3 mm, while we find weak correlations between the line flux of [O I] 63 μm and the PAH luminosity, the line flux of CO J = 3-2, the continuum flux at 63 μm, the stellar effective temperature, and the Brγ luminosity. Finally, we use a combination of the [O I] 63 μm and 12CO J = 2-1 line fluxes to obtain order of magnitude estimates of the disc gas masses, in agreement with the values that we find from detailed modelling of two Herbig Ae/Be stars, HD 163296 and HD 169142. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HERBIG Ae/Be stars
KW  - PROTO-planetary nebulae
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - line: identification
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - protoplanetary disks
N1  - Accession Number: 82877269; Meeus, G. 1; Email Address: gwendolyn.meeus@uam.es Montesinos, B. 2 Mendigutía, I. 1 Kamp, I. 3 Thi, W. F. 4 Eiroa, C. 1 Grady, C. A. 5,6,7 Mathews, G. 8 Sandell, G. 9 Martin-Zaïdi, C. 4 Brittain, S. 10 Dent, W. R. F. 11 Howard, C. 9 Ménard, F. 4 Pinte, C. 4 Roberge, A. 12 Vandenbussche, B. 13 Williams, J. P. 8; Affiliation:  1: Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Dpt. Fisica Teorica, Campus Cantoblanco, Spain  2: Dept. of Astrophysics, CAB (CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus, PO Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain  3: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  4: UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique (IPAG) UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France  5: Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer, Suite 100, Oakland CA 96002, USA  6: ExoPlanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 667, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  7: Goddard Center for Astrobiology, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  8: Institute for Astronomy (IfA), University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  9: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Building N232, Rm 146, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Department of Physics & Astronomy, 118 Kinard Laboratory, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA  11: ALMA SCO, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile  12: Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  13: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Celestijnenlaan 200D Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 544 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HERBIG Ae/Be stars; Subject Term: PROTO-planetary nebulae; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: line: identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219225
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82877269&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Telting, J. H.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Baran, A. S.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Oreiro, R.
AU  - Farris, L.
AU  - Ottosen, T. A.
AU  - Aerts, C.
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - Heber, U.
AU  - Prins, S.
AU  - Green, E. M.
AU  - Kalomeni, B.
AU  - O'Toole, S. J.
AU  - Mullally, F.
AU  - Sanderfer, D. T.
AU  - Smith, J. C.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
T1  - Three ways to solve the orbit of KIC 11 558 725: a 10-day beaming sdB+WD binary with a pulsating subdwarf.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 544
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The recently discovered subdwarf B (sdB) pulsator KIC11 558 725 is one of the 16 pulsating sdB stars detected in the Kepler field. It features a rich g-mode frequency spectrum, with a few low-amplitude p-modes at short periods. This makes it a promising target for a seismic study aiming to constrain the internal structure of this star, and of sdB stars in general. We have obtained ground-based spectroscopic radial-velocity measurements of KIC 11 558 725 based on low-resolution spectra in the Balmer-line region, spanning the 2010 and 2011 observing seasons. From these data we have discovered that KIC11 558 725 is a binary with period P = 10.05 d, and that the radial-velocity amplitude of the sdB star is 58 km s-1. Consequently the companion of the sdB star has a minimum mass of 0.63 M☉, and is therefore most likely an unseen white dwarf. We analyse the near-continuous 2010-2011 Kepler light curve to reveal the orbital Doppler-beaming effect, giving rise to light variations at the 238 ppm level, which is consistent with the observed spectroscopic orbital radial-velocity amplitude of the subdwarf. We use the strongest 70 pulsation frequencies in the Kepler light curve of the subdwarf as clocks to derive a third consistent measurement of the orbital radial-velocity amplitude, from the orbital light-travel delay. The orbital radius asdB sin i = 11.5 R☉ gives rise to a light-travel time delay of 53.6 s, which causes aliasing and lowers the amplitudes of the shortest pulsation frequencies, unless the effect is corrected for. We use our high signal-to-noise average spectra to study the atmospheric parameters of the sdB star, deriving Teff = 27 910K and log g = 5.41 dex, and find that carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are underabundant relative to the solar mixture. Furthermore, we analyse the Kepler light curve for its pulsational content and extract more than 160 significant frequencies. We investigate the pulsation frequencies for expected period spacings and rotational splittings. We find period-spacing sequences of spherical-harmonic degrees ɭ = 1 and ɭ = 2, and we associate a large fraction of the g-modes in KIC 11 558 725 with these sequences. From frequency splittings we conclude that the subdwarf is rotating subsynchronously with respect to the orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KEPLER'S conjecture
KW  - BALMER formula
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - SPECTROSCOPIC imaging
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic
KW  - stars: early-type
KW  - stars: individual: KIC11558725
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - subdwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 82877220; Telting, J. H. 1; Email Address: jht@not.iac.es Østensen, R. H. 2 Baran, A. S. 3 Bloemen, S. 2 Reed, M. D. 3 Oreiro, R. 4 Farris, L. 3 Ottosen, T. A. 5 Aerts, C. 2,6 Kawaler, S. D. 7 Heber, U. 8 Prins, S. 2 Green, E. M. 9 Kalomeni, B. 10 O'Toole, S. J. 11 Mullally, F. 12 Sanderfer, D. T. 12 Smith, J. C. 12 Kjeldsen, H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474, 38700 Santa Cruz de La Palma, Spain  2: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  3: Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Materials Science, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65804, USA  4: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  6: Department of Astrophysics, IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  8: Dr. Remeis Sternwarte Bamberg, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany  9: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  10: University of Ege, Department of Astronomy & Space Sciences, 35100 İzmir, Turkey  11: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 296, Epping, NSW1710, Australia  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 544 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: KEPLER'S conjecture; Subject Term: BALMER formula; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPIC imaging; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: spectroscopic; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: early-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC11558725; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: subdwarfs; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219458
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82877220&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Buizer, James M.
AU  - Bartkiewicz, Anna
AU  - Szymczak, Marian
T1  - TESTING THE HYPOTHESIS THAT METHANOL MASER RINGS TRACE CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS: HIGH-RESOLUTION NEAR-INFRARED AND MID-INFRARED IMAGING.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08//8/1/2012
VL  - 754
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Milliarcsecond very long baseline interferometry maps of regions containing 6.7 GHz methanol maser emission have lead to the recent discovery of ring-like distributions of maser spots and the plausible hypothesis that they may be tracing circumstellar disks around forming high-mass stars. We aimed to test this hypothesis by imaging these regions in the near- and mid-infrared at high spatial resolution and compare the observed emission to the expected infrared morphologies as inferred from the geometries of the maser rings. In the near-infrared we used the Gemini North adaptive optics system of ALTAIR/NIRI, while in the mid-infrared we used the combination of the Gemini South instrument T-ReCS and super-resolution techniques. Resultant images had a resolution of ∼150 mas in both the near-infrared and mid-infrared. We discuss the expected distribution of circumstellar material around young and massive accreting (proto)stars and what infrared emission geometries would be expected for the different maser ring orientations under the assumption that the masers are coming from within circumstellar disks. Based upon the observed infrared emission geometries for the four targets in our sample and the results of spectral energy distribution modeling of the massive young stellar objects associated with the maser rings, we do not find compelling evidence in support of the hypothesis that methanol masers rings reside in circumstellar disks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MASERS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL masers
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 97978005; De Buizer, James M. 1; Email Address: jdebuizer@sofia.usra.edu Bartkiewicz, Anna 2 Szymczak, Marian 2; Affiliation:  1: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Toruń Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 11, 87-100 Toruń, Poland; Source Info: 8/1/2012, Vol. 754 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MASERS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL masers; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/149
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978005&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Saumon, Didier
AU  - Cushing, Michael
AU  - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Freedman, Richard
T1  - MASSES, RADII, AND CLOUD PROPERTIES OF THE HR 8799 PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08//8/1/2012
VL  - 754
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The near-infrared colors of the planets directly imaged around the A star HR 8799 are much redder than most field brown dwarfs of the same effective temperature. Previous theoretical studies of these objects have concluded that the atmospheres of planets b, c, and d are unusually cloudy or have unusual cloud properties. Some studies have also found that the inferred radii of some or all of the planets disagree with expectations of standard giant planet evolution models. Here, we compare the available data to the predictions of our own set of atmospheric and evolution models that have been extensively tested against observations of field L and T dwarfs, including the reddest L dwarfs. Unlike some previous studies, we require mutually consistent choices for effective temperature, gravity, cloud properties, and planetary radius. This procedure thus yields plausible values for the masses, effective temperatures, and cloud properties of all three planets. We find that the cloud properties of the HR 8799 planets are not unusual but rather follow previously recognized trends, including a gravity dependence on the temperature of the L to T spectral transition—some reasons for which we discuss. We find that the inferred mass of planet b is highly sensitive to whether or not we include the H- and the K-band spectrum in our analysis. Solutions for planets c and d are consistent with the generally accepted constraints on the age of the primary star and orbital dynamics. We also confirm that, like in L and T dwarfs and solar system giant planets, non-equilibrium chemistry driven by atmospheric mixing is also important for these objects. Given the preponderance of data suggesting that the L to T spectral type transition is gravity dependent, we present an exploratory evolution calculation that accounts for this effect. Finally we recompute the bolometric luminosity of all three planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - A stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
N1  - Accession Number: 97977989; Marley, Mark S. 1; Email Address: Mark.S.Marley@NASA.gov Saumon, Didier 2; Email Address: dsaumon@lanl.gov Cushing, Michael 3; Email Address: michael.cushing@utoledo.edu Ackerman, Andrew S. 4; Email Address: andrew.ackerman@nasa.gov Fortney, Jonathan J. 5; Email Address: jfortney@ucolick.org Freedman, Richard 6; Email Address: freedman@darkstar.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  4: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA  5: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: SETI Institute & NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/1/2012, Vol. 754 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: A stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/135
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97977989&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tappe, A.
AU  - Rho, J.
AU  - Boersma, C.
AU  - Micelotta, E. R.
T1  - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON PROCESSING IN THE BLAST WAVE OF THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT N132D.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08//8/1/2012
VL  - 754
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph 14-36 μm mapping observations of the supernova remnant N132D in the Large Magellanic Cloud. This study focuses on the processing of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that we previously identified in the southern blast wave. The mid-infrared spectra show strong continuum emission from shock-heated dust and a unique, nearly featureless plateau in the 15-20 μm region, which we attribute to PAH molecules. The typical PAH emission bands observed in the surrounding interstellar medium ahead of the blast wave disappear, which indicates shock processing of PAH molecules. The PAH plateau appears most strongly at the outer edge of the blast wave and coincides with diffuse X-ray emission that precedes the brightest X-ray and optical filaments. This suggests that PAH molecules in the surrounding medium are swept up and processed in the hot gas of the blast wave shock, where they survive the harsh conditions long enough to be detected. We also observe a broad emission feature at 20 μm appearing with the PAH plateau. We speculate that this feature is either due to FeO dust grains or connected to the processing of PAHs in the supernova blast wave shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - MAGELLANIC clouds
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - BLAST waves
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 97977986; Tappe, A. 1; Email Address: atappe@cfa.harvard.edu Rho, J. 2 Boersma, C. 3 Micelotta, E. R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-72, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: SOFIA Science Mission Operations/USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Source Info: 8/1/2012, Vol. 754 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: MAGELLANIC clouds; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: BLAST waves; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/132
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tibbs, C. T.
AU  - Paladini, R.
AU  - Compiègne, M.
AU  - Dickinson, C.
AU  - Alves, M. I. R.
AU  - Flagey, N.
AU  - Shenoy, S.
AU  - Noriega-Crespo, A.
AU  - Carey, S.
AU  - Casassus, S.
AU  - Davies, R. D.
AU  - Davis, R. J.
AU  - Molinari, S.
AU  - Elia, D.
AU  - Pestalozzi, M.
AU  - Schisano, E.
T1  - A MULTI-WAVELENGTH INVESTIGATION OF RCW175: AN H II REGION HARBORING SPINNING DUST EMISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08//8/1/2012
VL  - 754
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Using infrared, radio continuum, and spectral observations, we performed a detailed investigation of the H II region RCW175. We determined that RCW175, which actually consists of two separate H II regions, G29.1-0.7 and G29.0-0.6, is located at a distance of 3.2 ± 0.2 kpc. Based on the observations we infer that the more compact G29.0-0.6 is less evolved than G29.1-0.7 and was possibly produced as a result of the expansion of G29.1-0.7 into the surrounding interstellar medium. We compute a star formation rate for RCW175 of (12.6 ± 1.9) × 10–5M☼ yr–1, and identified six possible young stellar object candidates within its vicinity. Additionally, we estimate that RCW175 contains a total dust mass of 215 ± 53 M☼. RCW175 has previously been identified as a source of anomalous microwave emission (AME), an excess of emission at centimeter wavelengths often attributed to electric dipole radiation from the smallest dust grains. We find that the AME previously detected in RCW175 is not correlated with the smallest dust grains (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or small carbonaceous dust grains), but rather with the exciting radiation field within the region. This is a similar result to that found in the Perseus molecular cloud, another region which harbors AME, suggesting that the radiation field may play a pivotal role in the production of this new Galactic emission mechanism. Finally, we suggest that these observations may hint at the importance of understanding the role played by the major gas ions in spinning dust models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - SPECTRAL sensitivity
N1  - Accession Number: 97978029; Tibbs, C. T. 1; Email Address: ctibbs@ipac.caltech.edu Paladini, R. 2 Compiègne, M. 1,3 Dickinson, C. 4 Alves, M. I. R. 5 Flagey, N. 6 Shenoy, S. 7 Noriega-Crespo, A. 8 Carey, S. 1 Casassus, S. 9 Davies, R. D. 4 Davis, R. J. 4 Molinari, S. 10 Elia, D. 10 Pestalozzi, M. 10 Schisano, E. 10; Affiliation:  1: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: NASA Herschel Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique, UMR8518, CNRS-INSU, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d’Ascq, France  4: Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester M13 9PL, UK  5: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Université Paris Sud XI, Bâtiment 121, 91405 Orsay, France  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Santiago, Chile  10: INAF-Istituto Fisica Spazio Interplanetario, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy; Source Info: 8/1/2012, Vol. 754 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: SPECTRAL sensitivity; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/754/2/94
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ren, X.
AU  - Mao, J.
AU  - Brune, W. H.
AU  - Cantrell, C. A.
AU  - Mauldin III, R. L.
AU  - Hornbrook, R. S.
AU  - Kosciuch, E.
AU  - Olson, J. R.
AU  - Crawford, J. H.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Singh, B.
T1  - Airborne intercomparison of HOx measurements using laser-induced fluorescence and chemical ionization mass spectrometry during ARCTAS.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 5
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2025
EP  - 2037
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study on the intercomparison of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2) measurements performed by three instruments aboard the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) DC-8 aircraft during Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites (ARCTAS) campaign. The study used laser-induced fluorescence and chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Results show that OH ratio increases with increasing isoprene mixing ratio.
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry
KW  - MCDONNELL Douglas DC-8 (Jet transport)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 83290017; Ren, X. 1; Email Address: xinrong.ren@noaa.gov Mao, J. 2 Brune, W. H. 3 Cantrell, C. A. 4 Mauldin III, R. L. 4,5 Hornbrook, R. S. 4 Kosciuch, E. 4 Olson, J. R. 6 Crawford, J. H. 6 Chen, G. 6 Singh, B. 7; Affiliation:  1: Air Resources Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA  2: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, New Jersey, USA  3: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA  4: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA  5: University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland and University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  6: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  7: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 8, p2025; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry; Subject Term: MCDONNELL Douglas DC-8 (Jet transport); Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-2025-2012
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dismukes, R. Key
T1  - Prospective Memory in Workplace and Everyday Situations.
JO  - Current Directions in Psychological Science
JF  - Current Directions in Psychological Science
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 21
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 215
EP  - 220
SN  - 09637214
AB  - Forgetting to perform intended actions can have major consequences, including loss of life in some situations. Laboratory research on prospective memory—remembering (and sometimes forgetting) to perform deferred intentions—is growing rapidly, thanks to new laboratory paradigms that are being used to uncover underlying cognitive mechanisms. Everyday situations and workplace situations in fields such as aviation and medicine, which have been studied less extensively, reveal aspects of prospective remembering that have both practical and theoretical implications, which are discussed here. Several types of situations in which individuals are vulnerable to forgetting intentions, but which have not been studied extensively in laboratory research, are described, and ways to reduce vulnerability to forgetting are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Current Directions in Psychological Science is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROSPECTIVE memory
KW  - INTENTION
KW  - PARADIGM (Theory of knowledge)
KW  - WORK environment
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - MEDICINE
KW  - countermeasures
KW  - intentions
KW  - paradigms
KW  - prospective memory
KW  - workplace
N1  - Accession Number: 78089601; Dismukes, R. Key 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 21 Issue 4, p215; Subject Term: PROSPECTIVE memory; Subject Term: INTENTION; Subject Term: PARADIGM (Theory of knowledge); Subject Term: WORK environment; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: MEDICINE; Author-Supplied Keyword: countermeasures; Author-Supplied Keyword: intentions; Author-Supplied Keyword: paradigms; Author-Supplied Keyword: prospective memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: workplace; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0963721412447621
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Kennedy, Martin J.
AU  - Morrison, Keith D.
AU  - Mrofka, David D.
T1  - The influence of authigenic clay formation on the mineralogy and stable isotopic record of lacustrine carbonates
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 90
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 82
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The mineralogical, compositional and stable isotopic variability of lacustrine carbonates are frequently used as proxies for ancient paleoenvironmental change in continental settings, under the assumption that precipitated carbonates reflect conditions and chemistry of ancient lake waters. In some saline and alkaline lake systems, however, authigenic clay minerals, forming at or near the sediment water interface, are a major sedimentary component. Often these clays are rich in Mg, influencing the geochemical budget of lake waters, and are therefore expected to influence the properties of contemporaneous authigenic carbonate precipitates (which may also contain Mg). This paper documents evidence for a systematic feedback between clay mineral and carbonate authigenesis through multiple precessionally driven, m-scale sedimentary cycles in lacustrine oil-shale deposits of the Eocene Green River Formation from the Uinta Basin (NE Utah). In the studied section, authigenic, Mg-rich, trioctahedral smectite content varies cyclically between 9 and 39wt.%. The highest concentrations occur in oil-shales and calcareous mudstones deposited during high lake level intervals that favored sedimentary condensation, lengthening the time available for clay diagenesis and reducing dilution by other siliciclastic phases. An inverse relation between dolomite percentage of carbonate and trioctahedral smectite abundance suggests the Mg uptake during clay authigenesis provides a first order control on carbonate mineralogy that better explains carbonate mineralogical trends than the possible alternative controls of (1) variable Mg/Ca ratios in lake water and (2) degree of microbial activity in sediments. We also observe that cyclical change in carbonate mineralogy, believed to be induced by clay authigenesis, also causes isotopic covariation between δ13CPDB and δ18OPDB of bulk sediments because of differences in the equilibrium fractionation factors of dolomite and calcite (∼2‰ and ∼2.6%, respectively). This provides an alternative mechanism for the common pattern of isotopic covariation, which is typically attributed to the effect of simultaneous changes in water balance and biological activity on the carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of lake waters. These findings may help improve paleoenvironmental reconstructions based on lacustrine carbonate records by adding to the factors known to influence the mineralogical, compositional and stable isotopic signals recorded by lacustrine carbonates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - FORMATIONS (Geology)
KW  - CARBONATE rocks
KW  - STABLE isotopes
KW  - MUDSTONE
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - SEDIMENT-water interfaces
KW  - AUTHIGENESIS
KW  - CLAY
N1  - Accession Number: 77768569; Bristow, Thomas F. 1; Email Address: thomas.f.bristow@nasa.gov Kennedy, Martin J. 2 Morrison, Keith D. 3 Mrofka, David D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia  3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  4: Department of Earth Sciences, Mt. San Antonio College, Walnut, CA 91789, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 90, p64; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: FORMATIONS (Geology); Subject Term: CARBONATE rocks; Subject Term: STABLE isotopes; Subject Term: MUDSTONE; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: SEDIMENT-water interfaces; Subject Term: AUTHIGENESIS; Subject Term: CLAY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2012.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brad Dalton, J.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
T1  - Compositional analysis of Hyperion with the Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 220
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 752
EP  - 776
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Compositional mapping of the surface of Hyperion using Cassini Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) observations reveals a heterogeneous surface dominated by water ice accompanied by additional materials. Carbon dioxide, as evidenced by a prominent absorption band centered at 4.26μm, is distributed over most of the surface, including icy regions. This does not represent exposures of pure CO2 ice, but concentrations of CO2 molecules adsorbed on other materials or complexed in H2O, perhaps as a clathrate (Cruikshank, D.P., Meyer, A.W., Brown, R.H., Clark, R.N., Jaumann, R., Stephan, K., Hibbitts, C.A., Sandford, S.A., Mastrapa, R., Filacchione, G., Dalle Ore, C.M., Nicholson, P.D., Buratti, B.J., McCord, T.B., Nelson, R.M., Dalton, J.B., Baines, K.H., Matson, D.L., The VIMS Team [2010]. Icarus 206, 561–572). Localized deposits of low-albedo material in subcircular depressions exhibit spectral absorptions indicative of C–H in aromatic (3.29μm) and aliphatic (3.35–3.50μm) hydrocarbons. An absorption band at 2.42μm that is also seen on other saturnian satellites, tentatively identified as H2 (Clark, R.N. et al. [2011]. In: Proc. AAS-DPS Meeting, 43, 1563; Clark et al., in preparation, 2012) adsorbed on dark material grains, is also prominent. Our best spectral models included H2O and CO2 ice, with small amounts of nanophase Fe and Fe2O3. Weaker and more spatially scattered absorption features are also found at 4.48, 4.60, and 4.89μm, although no clear molecular identifications have yet been made. While strongest in the low-albedo deposits, the CO2, hydrocarbon and putative H2 bands vary in strength throughout the icy regions, as do the 4.48-, 4.60- and 4.89-μm bands, suggesting that this background ice is laced with a complex mixture of non-ice compounds. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - GEOLOGICAL mapping
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - CLATHRATE compounds
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Regoliths
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 78435554; Brad Dalton, J. 1; Email Address: dalton@jpl.nasa.gov Cruikshank, Dale P. 2 Clark, Roger N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Ices Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109-8001, United States  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: Crustal Imaging and Characterization, U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80220, United States; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 220 Issue 2, p752; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL mapping; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: CLATHRATE compounds; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.003
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackiewicz, Jason
AU  - Nettelmann, Nadine
AU  - Marley, Mark
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan
T1  - Forward and inverse modeling for jovian seismology
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 220
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 844
EP  - 854
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Jupiter is expected to pulsate in a spectrum of acoustic modes and recent re-analysis of a spectroscopic time series has identified a regular pattern in the spacing of the frequencies (Gaulme, P., Schmider, F.-X., Gay, J., Guillot, T., Jacob, C. [2011]. Astron. Astrophys. 531, A104). This exciting result can provide constraints on gross jovian properties and warrants a more in-depth theoretical study of the seismic structure of Jupiter. With current instrumentation, such as the SYMPA instrument (Schmider, F.X. [2007]. Astron. Astrophys. 474, 1073–1080) used for the Gaulme et al. (Gaulme, P., Schmider, F.-X., Gay, J., Guillot, T., Jacob, C. [2011]. Astron. Astrophys. 531, A104) analysis, we assume that, at minimum, a set of global frequencies extending up to angular degree could be observed. In order to identify which modes would best constraining models of Jupiter’s interior and thus help motivate the next generation of observations, we explore the sensitivity of derived parameters to this mode set. Three different models of the jovian interior are computed and the theoretical pulsation spectrum from these models for is obtained. We compute sensitivity kernels and perform linear inversions to infer details of the expected discontinuities in the profiles in the jovian interior. We find that the amplitude of the sound-speed jump of a few percent in the inner/outer envelope boundary seen in two of the applied models should be reasonably inferred with these particular modes. Near the core boundary where models predict large density discontinuities, the location of such features can be accurately measured, while their amplitudes have more uncertainty. These results suggest that this mode set would be sufficient to infer the radial location and strength of expected discontinuities in Jupiter’s interior, and place strong constraints on the core size and mass. We encourage new observations to detect these jovian oscillations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - Abundances, Interiors
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Jupiter, interior
KW  - Planetary formation
N1  - Accession Number: 78435560; Jackiewicz, Jason 1; Email Address: jasonj@nmsu.edu Nettelmann, Nadine 2 Marley, Mark 3 Fortney, Jonathan 4; Affiliation:  1: New Mexico State University, Department of Astronomy, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA  2: Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, 18051 Rostock, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 220 Issue 2, p844; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Abundances, Interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter, interior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary formation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.06.028
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Ciarniello, M.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Cuzzi, J.N.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Hedman, M.M.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Lunine, J.I.
AU  - Soderblom, L.A.
AU  - Tosi, F.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - McCord, T.B.
AU  - Jaumann, R.
AU  - Stephan, K.
AU  - Baines, K.H.
AU  - Flamini, E.
T1  - Saturn’s icy satellites and rings investigated by Cassini–VIMS: III – Radial compositional variability
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 220
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1064
EP  - 1096
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: In the last few years Cassini–VIMS, the Visible and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer, returned to us a comprehensive view of the Saturn’s icy satellites and rings. After having analyzed the satellites’ spectral properties (Filacchione, G., Capaccioni, F., McCord, T.B., Coradini, A., Cerroni, P., Bellucci, G., Tosi, F., D’Aversa, E., Formisano, V., Brown, R.H., Baines, K.H., Bibring, J.P., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R.N., Combes, M., Cruikshank, D.P., Drossart, P., Jaumann, R., Langevin, Y., Matson, D.L., Mennella, V., Nelson, R.M., Nicholson, P.D., Sicardy, B., Sotin, C., Hansen, G., Hibbitts, K., Showalter, M., Newman, S. [2007]. Icarus 186, 259–290, paper I) and their distribution across the satellites’ hemispheres (Filacchione, G., Capaccioni, F., Clark, R.N., Cuzzi, J.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Coradini, A., Cerroni, P., Nicholson, P.D., McCord, T.B., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Tosi, F., Nelson, R.M., Jaumann, R., Stephan, K. [2010]. Icarus 206, 507–523, paper II), we proceed in this paper to investigate the radial variability of icy satellites (principal and minor) and main rings average spectral properties. This analysis is done by using 2264 disk-integrated observations of the satellites and a 12×700 pixels-wide rings radial mosaic acquired with a spatial resolution of about 125km/pixel. Using different VIS and IR spectral indicators, e.g. spectral slopes and band depths, we perform a comparative analysis of these data aimed to measure the distribution of water ice and red contaminant materials across Saturn’s system. The average surface regolith grain sizes are estimated with different indicators through comparison with laboratory and synthetic spectra. These measurements highlight very striking differences in the population here analyzed, which vary from the almost uncontaminated and water ice-rich surfaces of Enceladus and Calypso to the metal/organic-rich and red surfaces of Iapetus’ leading hemisphere and Phoebe. Rings spectra appear more red than the icy satellites in the visible range but show more intense 1.5–2.0μm band depths. Although their orbits are close to the F-ring, Prometheus and Pandora are different in surface composition: Prometheus in fact appears very water ice-rich but at the same time very red at VIS wavelengths. These properties make it very similar to A–B ring particles while Pandora is bluer. Moving outwards, we see the effects of E ring particles, generated by Enceladus plumes, which contaminate satellites surfaces from Mimas out to Rhea. We found some differences between Tethys lagrangian moons, Calypso being much more water ice-rich and bluer than Telesto. Among outer satellites (Hyperion, Iapetus and Phoebe) we observe a linear trend in both water ice decrease and in reddening, Hyperion being the reddest object of the population. The correlations among spectral slopes, band depths, visual albedo and phase permit us to cluster the saturnian population in different spectral classes which are detected not only among the principal satellites and rings but among co-orbital minor moons as well. These bodies are effectively the “connection” elements, both in term of composition and evolution, between the principal satellites and main rings. Finally, we have applied Hapke’s theory to retrieve the best spectral fits to Saturn’s inner regular satellites (from Mimas to Dione) using the same methodology applied previously for Rhea data discussed in Ciarniello et al. (Ciarniello, M., Capaccioni, F., Filacchione, G., Clark, R.N., Cruikshank, D.P., Cerroni, P., Coradini, A., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Tosi, F., Stephan, K. [2011]. Icarus 214, 541–555). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - Ices
KW  - Saturn, Rings
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 78435578; Filacchione, G. 1; Email Address: gianrico.filacchione@iaps.inaf.it Capaccioni, F. 1 Ciarniello, M. 1 Clark, R.N. 2 Cuzzi, J.N. 3 Nicholson, P.D. 4 Cruikshank, D.P. 3 Hedman, M.M. 4 Buratti, B.J. 5 Lunine, J.I. 4 Soderblom, L.A. 6 Tosi, F. 1 Cerroni, P. 1 Brown, R.H. 5 McCord, T.B. 7 Jaumann, R. 8 Stephan, K. 8 Baines, K.H. 5 Flamini, E. 9,10; Affiliation:  1: INAF–IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Area di Ricerca di Tor Vergata, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy  2: US Geological Survey, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80228, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Groove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: US Geological Survey, Flagstaff Station, 2255 N. Gemini Drive, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  7: Bear Fight Center, 22 Fiddlers Rd., Winthrop, WA 98862, USA  8: Institute for Planetary Exploration, DLR, Rutherfordstaße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  9: ASI, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, viale Liegi 26, 00198 Rome, Italy  10: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 220 Issue 2, p1064; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.06.040
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78435578&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gibson, C. Robert
AU  - Mader, Thomas H.
AU  - Schallhorn, Steven C.
AU  - Pesudovs, Konrad
AU  - Lipsky, William
AU  - Raid, Elias
AU  - Jennings, Richard T.
AU  - Fogarty, Jennifer A.
AU  - Garriott, Richard A.
AU  - Garriott, Owen K.
AU  - Johnston, Smith L.
T1  - Visual stability of laser vision correction in an astronaut on a Soyuz mission to the International Space Station
JO  - Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
JF  - Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 38
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1486
EP  - 1491
SN  - 08863350
AB  - This report documents the effects of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in an astronaut during a 12-day Russian Soyuz mission to the International Space Station in 2008. Changing environmental conditions of launch, microgravity exposure, and reentry create an extremely dynamic ocular environment. Although many normal eyes have repeatedly been subject to such stresses, the effect on an eye with a relatively thin cornea as a result of PRK has not been reported. This report suggests that PRK is a safe, effective, and well-tolerated procedure in astronauts during space flight. Financial Disclosure: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Cataract & Refractive Surgery is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOYUZ spacecraft
KW  - LASERS in aeronautics
KW  - PHOTOREFRACTIVE keratectomy
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 77962662; Gibson, C. Robert; Email Address: charles.gibson-1@nasa.gov Mader, Thomas H. 1 Schallhorn, Steven C. 1 Pesudovs, Konrad 1 Lipsky, William 1 Raid, Elias 1 Jennings, Richard T. 1 Fogarty, Jennifer A. 1 Garriott, Richard A. 1 Garriott, Owen K. 1 Johnston, Smith L. 1; Affiliation:  1: From the Coastal Eye Associates, Webster and Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering (Gibson, Lipsky), the Space Medicine Division (Fogarty, Johnston), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, and the University of Texas Medical Branch (Jennings), Galveston, Texas; the Alaska Native Medical Center (Mader), Department of Ophthalmology, Anchorage, Alaska; the University of California San Francisco, San Francisco and Optical Express (Schallhorn), San Diego, California; and Space Adventures (R.A. Garriott), Vienna, Virginia, USA; the NH&MRC Centre for Clinical Eye Research (Pesudovs), Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia; and the European Medical Center (Raid), Moscow, Russia. O.K. Garriott is a retired NASA scientist-astronaut; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 38 Issue 8, p1486; Subject Term: SOYUZ spacecraft; Subject Term: LASERS in aeronautics; Subject Term: PHOTOREFRACTIVE keratectomy; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrs.2012.06.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77962662&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jee, SolKeun
AU  - Moser, Robert D.
T1  - Conservative integral form of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for a rapidly pitching airfoil
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 231
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 6268
EP  - 6289
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: This study provides a simple moving-grid scheme which is based on a modified conservative form of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations for flow around a moving rigid body. The modified integral form is conservative and seeks the solution of the absolute velocity. This approach is different from previous conservative differential forms whose reference frame is not inertial. Keeping the reference frame being inertial results in simpler mathematical derivation to the governing equation which includes one dyadic product of velocity vectors in the convective term, whereas the previous needs to obtain the time derivative with respect to non-inertial frames causing an additional dyadic product in the convective term. The scheme is implemented in a second-order accurate Navier–Stokes solver and maintains the order of the accuracy. After this verification, the scheme is validated for a pitching airfoil with very high frequencies. The simulation results match very well with the experimental results , including vorticity fields and a net thrust force. This airfoil simulation also provides detailed vortical structures near the trailing edge and time-evolving aerodynamic forces that are used to investigate the mechanism of the thrust force generation and the effects of the trailing edge shape. The developed moving-grid scheme demonstrates its validity for a rapid oscillating motion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - INTEGRALS
KW  - FORMS (Mathematics)
KW  - INCOMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid mechanics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - Conservative form
KW  - Moving body
KW  - Moving grid
KW  - Pitching airfoil
KW  - Thrust
N1  - Accession Number: 77974206; Jee, SolKeun 1; Email Address: solkeun.jee@nasa.gov Moser, Robert D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 231 Issue 19, p6268; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Subject Term: INTEGRALS; Subject Term: FORMS (Mathematics); Subject Term: INCOMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid mechanics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservative form; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moving body; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moving grid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pitching airfoil; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thrust; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.04.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77974206&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MacKay, R.A.
AU  - Gabb, T.P.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Rogers, R.B.
AU  - Nathal, M.V.
T1  - Influence of composition on microstructural parameters of single crystal nickel-base superalloys
JO  - Materials Characterization
JF  - Materials Characterization
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 70
M3  - Article
SP  - 83
EP  - 100
SN  - 10445803
AB  - Abstract: Fourteen nickel-base superalloy single crystals containing a range of chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), molybdenum (Mo), and rhenium (Re) levels, and fixed amounts of aluminum (Al) and tantalum (Ta), were examined to determine the effect of bulk composition on basic microstructural parameters, including γ′ solvus, γ′ volume fraction, topologically close-packed (TCP) phases, γ and γ′ phase chemistries, and γ–γ′ lattice mismatch. Regression models describing the influence of bulk alloy composition on each of the microstructural parameters were developed and compared to predictions by a commercially-available software tool that used computational thermodynamics. Co produced the largest change in γ′ solvus over the wide compositional range explored and Mo produced the biggest effect on the γ lattice parameter over its range, although Re had a very potent influence on all microstructural parameters investigated. Changing the Cr, Co, Mo, and Re contents in the bulk alloy had an impact on their concentrations in the γ matrix and to a smaller extent in the γ′ phase. The software tool under-predicted γ′ solvus temperatures and γ′ volume fractions, and over-predicted TCP phase volume fractions at 982°C. However, the statistical regression models provided excellent estimations of the microstructural parameters and demonstrated the usefulness of such formulas. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Characterization is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - CRYSTAL lattices
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Computational thermodynamic modeling
KW  - Lattice mismatch
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Phase chemistry
KW  - Superalloy
KW  - Turbine blade
N1  - Accession Number: 77338412; MacKay, R.A. 1; Email Address: Rebecca.A.MacKay@nasa.gov Gabb, T.P. 1 Garg, A. 1,2 Rogers, R.B. 1 Nathal, M.V. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 70, p83; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: CRYSTAL lattices; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational thermodynamic modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lattice mismatch; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine blade; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matchar.2012.05.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77338412&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balona, L. A.
AU  - Breger, M.
AU  - Catanzaro, G.
AU  - Cunha, M. S.
AU  - Handler, G.
AU  - Kołaczkowski, Z.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Murphy, S.
AU  - Niemczura, E.
AU  - Paparó, M.
AU  - Smalley, B.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Uytterhoeven, K.
AU  - Christiansen, J. L.
AU  - Uddin, K.
AU  - Stumpe, M. C.
T1  - Unusual high-frequency oscillations in the Kepler Unusual high-frequency oscillations in the Kepler.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 424
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1187
EP  - 1196
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We show that the star KIC 4840675 observed by Kepler is composed of three stars with a rapidly rotating A-type star and two solar-type fainter companions. The A-type star is a δ Scuti variable with a dominant mode and many other modes of lower amplitude, including several low-frequency variations. The low-frequency variation with highest amplitude can be interpreted as rotational modulation with the light curve changing with time. However, the most interesting aspect of this star is a triplet of independent modes in the range 118-129 d−1 (1.4-1.5 mHz), which is far outside the range of typical δ Scuti frequencies. We discuss the possibility that these modes could be solar-like oscillations, oscillations of the roAp type or due to an unseen pulsating compact companion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - asteroseismology
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 4840675
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - stars: variables: δ Scuti
N1  - Accession Number: 77728478; Balona, L. A. 1 Breger, M. 2 Catanzaro, G. 3 Cunha, M. S. 4 Handler, G. 5 Kołaczkowski, Z. 6 Kurtz, D. W. 7 Murphy, S. 7 Niemczura, E. 6 Paparó, M. 8 Smalley, B. 9 Szabó, R. 8 Uytterhoeven, K. 10,11 Christiansen, J. L. 12 Uddin, K. 13 Stumpe, M. C. 12; Affiliation:  1: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935, Cape Town, South Africa  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  3: INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  4: Centro de Astrofísica and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  5: Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland  6: Astronomical Institute, Wrocław University, Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wrocław, Poland  7: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE  8: Konkoly Observatory MTA CSFK, Konkoly-Thege u. 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  9: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG  10: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  11: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 424 Issue 2, p1187; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: spectroscopic; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 4840675; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: δ Scuti; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21295.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77728478&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Solá, F.
AU  - Xia, Z. H.
AU  - Lebrón-Colón, M.
AU  - Meador, M. A.
T1  - Transmission electron microscopy of single wall carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites: A first-principles study.
JO  - Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters
JF  - Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 349
EP  - 351
SN  - 18626254
AB  - The physics of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image formation and electron diffraction of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a polymer matrix was investigated theoretically on the basis of the multislice method. The effect of the nanocomposite thickness on both image contrast and typical electron diffraction reflections of the nanofillers was explored. The implications of the results on the experimental applicability to study dispersion, chirality and diameter of nanofillers are discussed. (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - molecular dynamics simulations
KW  - multislice calculations
KW  - polymer nanocomposites
KW  - transmission electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 78910961; Solá, F. 1 Xia, Z. H. 2 Lebrón-Colón, M. 1 Meador, M. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 6 Issue 8, p349; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular dynamics simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: multislice calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer nanocomposites; Author-Supplied Keyword: transmission electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/pssr.201206271
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Ahn, Jae-Hyuk
AU  - Choi, Yang-Kyu
T1  - Liquid gate dielectric field effect transistor for a radiation nose
JO  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 182
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 09244247
AB  - Abstract: Radiation sensors are essential to detect illicit radiological materials, nuclear waste management, radiochemistry, nuclear physics, and medical research. Detectors should be capable of uncovering various radiation sources with a good energy resolution and being adaptable to different platforms such as handheld, desktop, and benchtop, which can be easily implemented for security check in harbors and airports. Many of the devices and systems presently in use are bulky and expensive. Herein, we present a new detection method and architecture based on metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor. Some liquids react to radiation, leading to a change in properties such as dielectric constant. Inspired by such radiation-responsivity, we have constructed a transistor with a radiation-responsive liquid as a gate dielectric. Current–voltage characteristics of the device change upon gamma-ray irradiation. Different types of liquids that specifically interact with target radiations can be used in an array of transistors serving as a radiation nose in the future. Such a radiation nose can be adaptable to different platforms and for implementation as a dosimeter for radiotherapy patients, nuclear plant health and safety inspection, space travel, environmental monitoring, and sensors for security. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID dielectrics
KW  - GATE array circuits
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - RADIOACTIVE wastes -- Management
KW  - RADIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductors
KW  - PERMITTIVITY
KW  - Field effect transistor
KW  - Liquid gate dielectric
KW  - Radiation nose
KW  - Radiation sensor
N1  - Accession Number: 77460551; Han, Jin-Woo 1; Email Address: jin-woo.han@nasa.gov Meyyappan, M. 1 Ahn, Jae-Hyuk 2 Choi, Yang-Kyu 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 182, p1; Subject Term: LIQUID dielectrics; Subject Term: GATE array circuits; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE wastes -- Management; Subject Term: RADIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: PERMITTIVITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field effect transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid gate dielectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation nose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation sensor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562211 Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sna.2012.05.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mukherjee, Avijit
AU  - Hansen, Mark
AU  - Grabbe, Shon
T1  - Ground delay program planning under uncertainty in airport capacity.
JO  - Transportation Planning & Technology
JF  - Transportation Planning & Technology
Y1  - 2012/08//
VL  - 35
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 611
EP  - 628
SN  - 03081060
AB  - This paper presents an algorithm for assigning flight departure delays under probabilistic airport capacity. The algorithm dynamically adapts to weather forecasts by revising, if necessary, departure delays. The proposed algorithm leverages state-of-the-art optimization techniques that have appeared in recent literature. As a case study, the algorithm is applied to assigning departure delays to flights scheduled to arrive at San Francisco International Airport in the presence of uncertainty in the fog clearance time. The cumulative distribution function of fog clearance time was estimated from historical data. Using daily weather forecasts to update the probabilities of fog clearance times resulted in improvement of the algorithm's performance. Experimental results also indicate that if the proposed algorithm is applied to assign ground delays to flights inbound at San Francisco International airport, overall delays could be reduced up to 25% compared to current level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Planning & Technology is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPORT capacity
KW  - APPROXIMATION algorithms
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - AIRLINE industry -- Management
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - air traffic management
KW  - air transportation
KW  - ground delay program
KW  - optimization
KW  - SAN Francisco International Airport (Calif.)
N1  - Accession Number: 78335116; Mukherjee, Avijit 1; Email Address: avijit@ucsc.edu Hansen, Mark 2 Grabbe, Shon 3; Affiliation:  1: University Affiliated Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, MS 210 – 8, Bldg. N210, Room 220, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 114 McLaughlin Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA  3: Aviation Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 210-15, Bldg. N210, Room 121, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 35 Issue 6, p611; Subject Term: AIRPORT capacity; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION algorithms; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry -- Management; Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: air traffic management; Author-Supplied Keyword: air transportation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ground delay program; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimization; Company/Entity: SAN Francisco International Airport (Calif.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/03081060.2012.710031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suh, Misook
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Ju, Sanghyun
T1  - The effect of Ga content on In2xGa2−2xO3 nanowire transistor characteristics.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2012/08/03/
VL  - 23
IS  - 30
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - We have investigated the change in structural and electrical properties of In2xGa2−2xO3 nanowires (x = 1, 0.69 and 0.32) grown with varied indium (In) and gallium (Ga) contents. The as-grown In2xGa2−2xO3 nanowires kept the cubic crystal structure of In2O3 intact even when the atomic percentages of Ga were increased to 31% (x = 0.69) and 68% (x = 0.32) in comparison to the total amount of In and Ga. However, as Ga added to In2O3 structure was substituted with In, the lattice constant decreased and, consequently, the main peaks observed in x-ray diffraction in the direction of (222), (400) and (440) shifted by around ∼0.08°. The average threshold voltage values for the In2xGa2−2xO3 nanowire transistors were −9.9 V (x = 1), −6.6 V (x = 0.67) and −5.6 V (x = 0.32), exhibiting a more positive shift and the sub-threshold slope increased to 0.53 V /dec (x = 1), 0.33 V /dec (x = 0.67) and 0.27 V /dec (x = 0.32), showing an improved switching characteristic with increasing Ga. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDIUM gallium nitride
KW  - NANOWIRES -- Electric properties
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - NANOELECTRONICS
N1  - Accession Number: 98022452; Suh, Misook 1 Meyyappan, M. 2,3 Ju, Sanghyun 1; Email Address: shju@kgu.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 443-760, Republic of Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Division of IT-Convergence Engineering, POSTECH, Pohang, Republic of Korea; Source Info: 8/3/2012, Vol. 23 Issue 30, p1; Subject Term: INDIUM gallium nitride; Subject Term: NANOWIRES -- Electric properties; Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: NANOELECTRONICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/23/30/305203
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98022452&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhi, Mingjia
AU  - Koneru, Anveeksh
AU  - Yang, Feng
AU  - Manivannan, Ayyakkannu
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Wu, Nianqiang
T1  - Electrospun La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 nanofibers for a high-temperature electrochemical carbon monoxide sensor.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2012/08/03/
VL  - 23
IS  - 30
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - Lanthanum strontium manganite (La0.8Sr0.2MnO3, LSM) nanofibers have been synthesized by the electrospinning method. The electrospun nanofibers are intact without morphological and structural changes after annealing at 1050 °C. The LSM nanofibers are employed as the sensing electrode of an electrochemical sensor with yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte for carbon monoxide detection at high temperatures over 500 °C. The electrospun nanofibers form a porous network electrode, which provides a continuous pathway for charge transport. In addition, the nanofibers possess a higher specific surface area than conventional micron-sized powders. As a result, the nanofiber electrode exhibits a higher electromotive force and better electro-catalytic activity toward CO oxidation. Therefore, the sensor with the nanofiber electrode shows a higher sensitivity, lower limit of detection and faster response to CO than a sensor with a powder electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSPINNING
KW  - CARBON monoxide detectors
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - LANTHANUM compounds
KW  - NANOFIBERS -- Synthesis
KW  - ELECTRODES
N1  - Accession Number: 98022436; Zhi, Mingjia 1 Koneru, Anveeksh 1 Yang, Feng 2 Manivannan, Ayyakkannu 3 Li, Jing 4 Wu, Nianqiang 1; Email Address: nick.wu@mail.wvu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6106, USA  2: Industrial and Management Systems Engineering Department, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA  3: National Energy Technology Laboratory, US Department of Energy, 3610 Collins Ferry Road, Morgantown, WV 26507,USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/3/2012, Vol. 23 Issue 30, p1; Subject Term: ELECTROSPINNING; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide detectors; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: LANTHANUM compounds; Subject Term: NANOFIBERS -- Synthesis; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/23/30/305501
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Christensen.-Dalsgaard, Jörgen
AU  - Deck, Katherine M.
AU  - Elsworth, Yvonne
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Hale, Steven J.
AU  - Handberg, Rasmus
AU  - Hekker, Saskia
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Karoff, Christopher
AU  - Kawaler, Steven D.
AU  - Kjeldsen, Hans
T1  - Kepler-36: A Pair of Planets with Neighboring Orbits and Dissimilar Densities.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/08/03/
VL  - 337
IS  - 6094
M3  - Article
SP  - 556
EP  - 559
SN  - 00368075
AB  - In the solar system, the planets' compositions vary with orbital distance, with rocky planets in close orbits and tower-density gas giants in wider orbits. The detection of close-in giant planets around other stars was the first clue that this pattern is not universal and that planets' orbits can change substantially after their formation. Here, we report another violation of the orbit-composition pattern: two planets orbiting the same star with orbital distances differing by only 10% and densities differing by a factor of 8. One planet is likely a rocky "super-Earth," whereas the other is more akin to Neptune. These planets are 20 times more closely spaced and have a larger density contrast than any adjacent pair of planets in the solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits
KW  - ORBIT determination
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - PLANETARY science
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
N1  - Accession Number: 78557517; Carter, Joshua A. 1; Email Address: jacarter@cfa.harvard.edu Agol, Eric 2; Email Address: agol@astro.washington.edu Chaplin, William J. 3 Basu, Sarbani 4 Bedding, Timothy R. 5 Buchhave, Lars A. 6 Christensen.-Dalsgaard, Jörgen 7 Deck, Katherine M. 8 Elsworth, Yvonne 3 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 9 Ford, Eric B. 10 Fortney, Jonathan J. 11 Hale, Steven J. 3 Handberg, Rasmus 7 Hekker, Saskia 12 Holman, Matthew J. 13 Huber, Daniel 14 Karoff, Christopher 7 Kawaler, Steven D. 15 Kjeldsen, Hans 7; Affiliation:  1: Hubble Fellow, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK  4: Department and Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  5: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia and Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  6: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  7: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  8: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Physics Department and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, 02139, USA  9: Hubble Fellow, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  10: Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-2055, USA  11: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  12: Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek, " University of Amsterdam, Netherlands School of Physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 211, UK  13: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  14: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Source Info: 8/3/2012, Vol. 337 Issue 6094, p556; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits; Subject Term: ORBIT determination; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: PLANETARY science; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1223269
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Elsworth, Y.
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Clarke, B. D.
AU  - Hall, J. R.
AU  - Ibrahim, K. A.
T1  - Solar-like oscillations in red giants observed with Kepler: influence of increased timespan on global oscillation parameters.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/08/08/
VL  - 544
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - A90-1
EP  - A90-11
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The length of the asteroseismic timeseries obtained from the Kepler satellite analysed here span 19 months. Kepler provides the longest continuous timeseries currently available, which calls for a study of the influence of the increased timespan on the accuracy and precision of the obtained results. Aims. We aim to investigate how the increased timespan influences the detectability of the oscillation modes, and the absolute values and uncertainties of the global oscillation parameters, i.e., frequency of maximum oscillation power, ?max, and large frequency separation between modes of the same degree and consecutive orders, ?Δ? ? . Methods. We use published methods to derive ?max and ?Δ? ? for timeseries ranging from 50 to 600 days and compare these results as a function of method, timespan and ?Δ? ? . Results. We find that in general a minimum of the order of 400 day long timeseries are necessary to obtain reliable results for the global oscillation parameters in more than 95% of the stars, but this does depend on ?Δ? ? . In a statistical sense the quoted uncertainties seem to provide a reasonable indication of the precision of the obtained results in short (50-day) runs, they do however seem to be overestimated for results of longer runs. Furthermore, the different definitions of the global parameters used in the different methods have non-negligible effects on the obtained values. Additionally, we show that there is a correlation between ?max and the flux variance. Conclusions. We conclude that longer timeseries improve the likelihood to detect oscillations with automated codes (from ∼60% in 50 day runs to >95% in 400 day runs with a slight method dependence) and the precision of the obtained global oscillation parameters. The trends suggest that the improvement will continue for even longer timeseries than the 600 days considered here, with a reduction in the median absolute deviation of more than a factor of 10 for an increase in timespan from 50 to 2000 days (the currently foreseen length of the mission). This work shows that global parameters determined with high precision - thus from long datasets - using different definitions can be used to identify the evolutionary state of the stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - RED giants
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - DEPENDENCE (Statistics)
KW  - stars: interiors
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 84731114; Hekker, S. 1,2; Email Address: S.Hekker@uva.nl Elsworth, Y. 2 Mosser, B. 3 Kallinger, T. 4 Chaplin, W. J. 2 De Ridder, J. 4 García, R. A. 5 Stello, D. 6 Clarke, B. D. 7 Hall, J. R. 8 Ibrahim, K. A. 8; Affiliation:  1: Astronomical institute "Anton Pannekoek", University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  2: University of Birmingham, School of Physics and Astronomy, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  3: LESIA, UMR 8109, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  4: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  5: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS, Université Paris 7 Diderot, IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  7: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 544 Issue 2, pA90-1; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Subject Term: DEPENDENCE (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219328
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bolmont, E.
AU  - Raymond, S. N.
AU  - Leconte, J.
AU  - Matt, S. P.
T1  - Effect of the stellar spin history on the tidal evolution of close-in planets.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/08/08/
VL  - 544
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - A124-1
EP  - A124-11
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The spin rate of stars evolves substantially during their lifetime, owing to the evolution of their internal structure and to external torques arising from the interaction of stars with their environments and stellar winds. Aims. We investigate how the evolution of the stellar spin rate affects, and is affected by, planets in close orbits via star-planet tidal interactions. Methods. We used a standard equilibrium tidal model to compute the orbital evolution of single planets orbiting both Sun-like stars and very low-mass stars (0.1 Mʘ). We tested two stellar spin evolution profiles, one with fast initial rotation (1.2 day rotation period) and one with slow initial rotation (8 day period). We tested the effect of varying the stellar and planetary dissipations, and the planet's mass and initial orbital radius. Results. For Sun-like stars, the different tidal evolution between initially rapidly and slowly rotating stars is only evident for extremely close-in gas giants orbiting highly dissipative stars. However, for very low-mass stars the effect of the initial rotation of the star on the planet's evolution is apparent for less massive (1 M⊕) planets and typical dissipation values. We also find that planetary evolution can have significant effects on the stellar spin history. In particular, when a planet falls onto the star, it can cause the star to spin up. Conclusions. Tidal evolution allows us to differentiate between the early behaviors of extremely close-in planets orbiting either a rapidly rotating star or a slowly rotating star. The early spin-up of the star allows the close-in planets around fast rotators to survive the early evolution. For planets around M-dwarfs, surviving the early evolution means surviving on Gyr timescales, whereas for Sun-like stars the spin-down brings about late mergers of Jupiter planets. In the light of this study, we can say that differentiating one type of spin evolution from another given the present position of planets can be very tricky. Unless we can observe some markers of former evolution, it is nearly impossible to distinguish the two very different spin profiles, let alone intermediate spin-profiles. Nevertheless, some conclusions can still be drawn about statistical distributions of planets around fully convective M-dwarfs. If tidal evolution brings about a merger late in the stellar history, it can also entail a noticeable acceleration of the star at late ages, so that it is possible to have old stars that spin rapidly. This raises the question of how the age of stars can be more tightly constrained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - EARTH tides
KW  - ROTATION
KW  - planet-star interactions
KW  - planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
KW  - stars: rotation
N1  - Accession Number: 84731148; Bolmont, E. 1,2; Email Address: emeline.bolmont@obs.u-bordeauxl.fr Raymond, S. N. 1,2 Leconte, J. 3 Matt, S. P. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Univ. Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804, 33270 Floirac, France  2: CNRS, LAB, UMR 5804, 33270 Floirac, France  3: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, 75005 Paris, France  4: Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, CEA/Irfu Université Paris-Diderot CNRS/INSU, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  5: NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035- 1000, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 544 Issue 2, pA124-1; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: EARTH tides; Subject Term: ROTATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet-star interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219645
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beck, Sara C.
AU  - Lacy, John H.
AU  - Turner, Jean L.
AU  - Kruger, Andrew
AU  - Richter, Matt
AU  - Crosthwaite, Lucian P.
T1  - [S IV] IN THE NGC 5253 SUPERNEBULA: IONIZED GAS KINEMATICS AT HIGH RESOLUTION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08/10/
VL  - 755
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The nearby dwarf starburst galaxy NGC 5253 hosts a deeply embedded radio-infrared supernebula excited by thousands of O stars. We have observed this source in the 10.5 μm line of S+3 at 3.8 km s–1 spectral and 1.″4 spatial resolution, using the high-resolution spectrometer TEXES on the IRTF. The line profile cannot be fit well by a single Gaussian. The best simple fit describes the gas with two Gaussians, one near the galactic velocity with FWHM 33.6 km s–1 and another of similar strength and FWHM 94 km s–1 centered ∼20 km s–1 to the blue. This suggests a model for the supernebula in which gas flows toward us out of the molecular cloud, as in a “blister” or “champagne flow” or in the H II regions modelled by Zhu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - STAR clusters
N1  - Accession Number: 97978088; Beck, Sara C. 1,2; Email Address: sara@wise.tau.ac.il Lacy, John H. 2,3 Turner, Jean L. 4 Kruger, Andrew 2,5 Richter, Matt 2,5 Crosthwaite, Lucian P. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA  6: Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems, San Diego, CA 92127, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2012, Vol. 755 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: GAS flow; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/59
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978088&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Geers, Vincent C.
AU  - Gorti, Uma
AU  - Meyer, Michael R.
AU  - Mamajek, Eric
AU  - Benz, Arnold O.
AU  - Hollenbach, David
T1  - REMNANT GAS IN EVOLVED CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS: HERSCHEL PACS OBSERVATIONS of 10-100 Myr OLD DISK SYSTEMS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08/10/
VL  - 755
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Herschel PACS spectroscopy of the [O I] 63 μm gas line for three circumstellar disk systems showing signs of significant disk evolution and/or planet formation: HR 8799, HD 377, and RX J1852.3-3700. [O I] is undetected toward HR 8799 and HD 377 with 3σ upper limits of 6.8 × 10–18 W m–2 and 9.9 × 10–18 W m–2, respectively. We find an [O I] detection for RX J1852.3-3700 at (12.3 ± 1.8) × 10–18 W m–2. We use thermo-chemical disk models to model the gas emission, using constraints on the [O I] 63 μm and ancillary data to derive gas mass upper limits and constrain gas-to-dust ratios. For HD 377 and HR 8799, we find 3σ upper limits on the gas mass of 0.1-20 M⊕. For RX J1852.3-3700, we find two distinct disk scenarios that could explain the detection of [O I] 63 μm and CO(2-1) upper limits reported in the literature: (1) a large disk with gas co-located with the dust (16-500 AU), resulting in a large tenuous disk with ∼16 M⊕ of gas, or (2) an optically thick gas disk, truncated at ∼70 AU, with a gas mass of 150 M⊕. We discuss the implications of these results for the formation and evolution of planets in these three systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97978113; Geers, Vincent C. 1; Email Address: vcgeers@phys.ethz.ch Gorti, Uma 2,3 Meyer, Michael R. 1 Mamajek, Eric 4,5 Benz, Arnold O. 1 Hollenbach, David 3; Affiliation:  1: ETH Zurich, Institute for Astronomy, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627-0171, USA  5: Current address: Cerro-Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile.; Source Info: 8/10/2012, Vol. 755 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978113&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Helton, L. Andrew
AU  - Gehrz, Robert D.
AU  - Woodward, Charles E.
AU  - Wagner, R. Mark
AU  - Vacca, William D.
AU  - Evans, Aneurin
AU  - Krautter, Joachim
AU  - Schwarz, Greg J.
AU  - Shenoy, Dinesh P.
AU  - Starrfield, Sumner
T1  - ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES IN THE EJECTA OF OLD CLASSICAL NOVAE FROM LATE-EPOCH SPITZER SPECTRA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08/10/
VL  - 755
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared IRS spectra, supplemented by ground-based optical observations, of the classical novae V1974 Cyg, V382 Vel, and V1494 Aql more than 11, 8, and 4 years after outburst, respectively. The spectra are dominated by forbidden emission from neon and oxygen, though in some cases, there are weak signatures of magnesium, sulfur, and argon. We investigate the geometry and distribution of the late time ejecta by examination of the emission line profiles. Using nebular analysis in the low-density regime, we estimate lower limits on the abundances in these novae. In V1974 Cyg and V382 Vel, our observations confirm the abundance estimates presented by other authors and support the claims that these eruptions occurred on ONe white dwarfs (WDs). We report the first detection of neon emission in V1494 Aql and show that the system most likely contains a CO WD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOVAE (Astronomy)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - NEBULAR hypothesis
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97978062; Helton, L. Andrew 1; Email Address: ahelton@sofia.usra.edu Gehrz, Robert D. 2 Woodward, Charles E. 2 Wagner, R. Mark 3 Vacca, William D. 1 Evans, Aneurin 4 Krautter, Joachim 5 Schwarz, Greg J. 6 Shenoy, Dinesh P. 2 Starrfield, Sumner 7; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Center, USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. N232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  4: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  5: Landessternwarte-Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität, Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  6: American Astronomical Society, 2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20009, USA  7: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, P.O. Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2012, Vol. 755 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NOVAE (Astronomy); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: NEBULAR hypothesis; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/37
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978062&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - van Eyken, Julian C.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - von Braun, Kaspar
AU  - Kane, Stephen R.
AU  - Plavchan, Peter
AU  - Bender, Chad F.
AU  - Brown, Timothy M.
AU  - Crepp, Justin R.
AU  - Fulton, Benjamin J.
AU  - Howard, Andrew W.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Mahadevan, Suvrath
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
AU  - Szkody, Paula
AU  - Akeson, Rachel L.
AU  - Beichman, Charles A.
AU  - Boden, Andrew F.
AU  - Gelino, Dawn M.
AU  - Hoard, D. W.
T1  - THE PTF ORION PROJECT: A POSSIBLE PLANET TRANSITING A T-TAURI STAR.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08/10/
VL  - 755
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report observations of a possible young transiting planet orbiting a previously known weak-lined T-Tauri star in the 7-10 Myr old Orion-OB1a/25-Ori region. The candidate was found as part of the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) Orion project. It has a photometric transit period of 0.448413 ± 0.000040 days, and appears in both 2009 and 2010 PTF data. Follow-up low-precision radial velocity (RV) observations and adaptive optics imaging suggest that the star is not an eclipsing binary, and that it is unlikely that a background source is blended with the target and mimicking the observed transit. RV observations with the Hobby-Eberly and Keck telescopes yield an RV that has the same period as the photometric event, but is offset in phase from the transit center by ≈ – 0.22 periods. The amplitude (half range) of the RV variations is 2.4 km s–1 and is comparable with the expected RV amplitude that stellar spots could induce. The RV curve is likely dominated by stellar spot modulation and provides an upper limit to the projected companion mass of Mpsin iorb ≲ 4.8 ± 1.2 MJup; when combined with the orbital inclination, iorb, of the candidate planet from modeling of the transit light curve, we find an upper limit on the mass of the planetary candidate of Mp ≲ 5.5 ± 1.4 MJup. This limit implies that the planet is orbiting close to, if not inside, its Roche limiting orbital radius, so that it may be undergoing active mass loss and evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Open clusters
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - ADAPTIVE optics
N1  - Accession Number: 97978068; van Eyken, Julian C. 1,2; Email Address: vaneyken@ipac.caltech.edu Ciardi, David R. 1,2 von Braun, Kaspar 1 Kane, Stephen R. 1 Plavchan, Peter 1 Bender, Chad F. 3,4 Brown, Timothy M. 5 Crepp, Justin R. 6 Fulton, Benjamin J. 5 Howard, Andrew W. 7 Howell, Steve B. 2,8 Mahadevan, Suvrath 3,4 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7 Shporer, Avi 5 Szkody, Paula 2,9 Akeson, Rachel L. 1 Beichman, Charles A. 1 Boden, Andrew F. 10 Gelino, Dawn M. 1 Hoard, D. W. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 South Wilson Avenue, M/S 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA), under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.  3: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  4: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  6: Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  10: Caltech Optical Observatories, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  11: Spitzer Science Center, M/S 220-6, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2012, Vol. 755 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Open clusters; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE optics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/42
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978068&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Brian J.
AU  - Borkowski, Kazimierz J.
AU  - Reynolds, Stephen P.
AU  - Ghavamian, Parviz
AU  - Blair, William P.
AU  - Long, Knox S.
AU  - Sankrit, Ravi
T1  - DUST IN A TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA PROGENITOR: SPITZER SPECTROSCOPY OF KEPLER'S SUPERNOVA REMNANT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08/10/
VL  - 755
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Characterization of the relatively poorly understood progenitor systems of Type Ia supernovae is of great importance in astrophysics, particularly given the important cosmological role that these supernovae play. Kepler's supernova remnant, the result of a Type Ia supernova, shows evidence for an interaction with a dense circumstellar medium (CSM), suggesting a single-degenerate progenitor system. We present 7.5-38 μm infrared (IR) spectra of the remnant, obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope, dominated by emission from warm dust. Broad spectral features at 10 and 18 μm, consistent with various silicate particles, are seen throughout. These silicates were likely formed in the stellar outflow from the progenitor system during the asymptotic giant branch stage of evolution, and imply an oxygen-rich chemistry. In addition to silicate dust, a second component, possibly carbonaceous dust, is necessary to account for the short-wavelength Infrared Spectrograph and Infrared Array Camera data. This could imply a mixed chemistry in the atmosphere of the progenitor system. However, non-spherical metallic iron inclusions within silicate grains provide an alternative solution. Models of collisionally heated dust emission from fast shocks (>1000 km s–1) propagating into the CSM can reproduce the majority of the emission associated with non-radiative filaments, where dust temperatures are ∼80-100 K, but fail to account for the highest temperatures detected, in excess of 150 K. We find that slower shocks (a few hundred km s–1) into moderate density material (n0 ∼ 50-250 cm–3) are the only viable source of heating for this hottest dust. We confirm the finding of an overall density gradient, with densities in the north being an order of magnitude greater than those in the south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SILICATES
N1  - Accession Number: 97978053; Williams, Brian J. 1,2,3; Email Address: brian.j.williams@nasa.gov Borkowski, Kazimierz J. 1 Reynolds, Stephen P. 1 Ghavamian, Parviz 4 Blair, William P. 5 Long, Knox S. 6 Sankrit, Ravi 7; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA  4: Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA  6: STScI, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: SOFIA/USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2012, Vol. 755 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SILICATES; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/755/1/3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978053&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oliver, S. J.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Altieri, B.
AU  - Amblard, A.
AU  - Arumugam, V.
AU  - Aussel, H.
AU  - Babbedge, T.
AU  - Beelen, A.
AU  - Béthermin, M.
AU  - Blain, A.
AU  - Boselli, A.
AU  - Bridge, C.
AU  - Brisbin, D.
AU  - Buat, V.
AU  - Burgarella, D.
AU  - Castro-Rodríguez, N.
AU  - Cava, A.
AU  - Chanial, P.
AU  - Cirasuolo, M.
AU  - Clements, D. L.
T1  - The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey: HerMES.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/08/11/
VL  - 424
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1614
EP  - 1635
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT The Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) is a legacy programme designed to map a set of nested fields totalling ∼380 deg2. Fields range in size from 0.01 to ∼20 deg2, using the Herschel-Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) (at 250, 350 and 500 μm) and the Herschel-Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) (at 100 and 160 μm), with an additional wider component of 270 deg2 with SPIRE alone. These bands cover the peak of the redshifted thermal spectral energy distribution from interstellar dust and thus capture the reprocessed optical and ultraviolet radiation from star formation that has been absorbed by dust, and are critical for forming a complete multiwavelength understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. The survey will detect of the order of 100 000 galaxies at 5σ in some of the best-studied fields in the sky. Additionally, HerMES is closely coordinated with the PACS Evolutionary Probe survey. Making maximum use of the full spectrum of ancillary data, from radio to X-ray wavelengths, it is designed to facilitate redshift determination, rapidly identify unusual objects and understand the relationships between thermal emission from dust and other processes. Scientific questions HerMES will be used to answer include the total infrared emission of galaxies, the evolution of the luminosity function, the clustering properties of dusty galaxies and the properties of populations of galaxies which lie below the confusion limit through lensing and statistical techniques. This paper defines the survey observations and data products, outlines the primary scientific goals of the HerMES team, and reviews some of the early results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET astronomy
KW  - GALAXIES -- Formation
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - infrared: galaxies
KW  - submillimetre: galaxies
KW  - surveys
N1  - Accession Number: 78217855; Oliver, S. J. 1 Bock, J. 2,3 Altieri, B. 4 Amblard, A. 5 Arumugam, V. 6 Aussel, H. 7 Babbedge, T. 8 Beelen, A. 9 Béthermin, M. 7,9 Blain, A. 2 Boselli, A. 10 Bridge, C. 2 Brisbin, D. 11 Buat, V. 10 Burgarella, D. 10 Castro-Rodríguez, N. 12,13 Cava, A. 14 Chanial, P. 7 Cirasuolo, M. 15 Clements, D. L. 8; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex  2: California Institute of Technology  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  4: Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre  5: NASA, Ames Research Center  6: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill  7: Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu - CNRS - Université Paris Diderot  8: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory  9: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS)  10: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-marseille  11: Department of Astronomy, Space Science Building, Cornell University  12: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), E-38200 La Laguna  13: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)  14: Departamento de Astrofísica, Facultad de CC. Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid  15: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 424 Issue 3, p1614; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET astronomy; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Formation; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: submillimetre: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 9 Charts, 11 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.20912.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silvotti, R.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Telting, J. H.
AU  - Heber, U.
AU  - Oreiro, R.
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Farris, L. E.
AU  - O'Toole, S. J.
AU  - Lanteri, L.
AU  - Degroote, P.
AU  - Hu, H.
AU  - Baran, A. S.
AU  - Hermes, J. J.
AU  - Althaus, L. G.
AU  - Marsh, T. R.
AU  - Charpinet, S.
AU  - Li, J.
AU  - Morris, R. L.
AU  - Sanderfer, D. T.
T1  - Orbital properties of an unusually low-mass sdB star in a close binary system with a white dwarf.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/08/11/
VL  - 424
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1752
EP  - 1761
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We have used 605 days of photometric data from the Kepler spacecraft to study KIC 6614501, a close binary system with an orbital period of 0.157 497 47(25) days (3.779 939 h), that consists of a low-mass subdwarf B (sdB) star and a white dwarf (WD). As seen in many other similar systems, the gravitational field of the WD produces an ellipsoidal deformation of the sdB which appears in the light curve as a modulation at two times the orbital frequency. The ellipsoidal deformation of the sdB implies that the system has a maximum inclination of ∼40°, with i ≈ 20° being the most likely. The orbital radial velocity (RV) of the sdB star is high enough to produce a Doppler beaming effect with an amplitude of 432 ± 5 ppm, clearly visible in the folded light curve. The photometric amplitude that we obtain, K1 = 85.8 km s−1, is ∼12 per cent less than the spectroscopic RV amplitude of 97.2 ± 2.0 km s−1. The discrepancy is due to the photometric contamination from a close object at about 5 arcsec north-west of KIC 6614501, which is difficult to remove. The atmospheric parameters of the sdB star, Teff = 23 700 ± 500 K and log  g = 5.70 ± 0.10, imply that it is a rare object below the extreme horizontal branch (EHB), similar to HD 188112. The comparison with different evolutionary tracks suggests a mass between ∼0.18 and ∼0.25 M⊙, too low to sustain core helium burning. If the mass was close to 0.18-0.19 M⊙, the star could be already on the final He-core WD cooling track. A higher mass, up to ∼0.25 M⊙, would be compatible with a He-core WD progenitor undergoing a cooling phase in a H-shell flash loop. A third possibility, with a mass between ∼0.32 and ∼0.40 M⊙, cannot be excluded and would imply that the sdB is a 'normal' (but with an unusually low mass) EHB star burning He in its core. In all these different scenarios, the system is expected to merge in less than 3.1 Gyr due to gravitational wave radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL fields
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 6614501
KW  - subdwarfs
KW  - white dwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 78217847; Silvotti, R. 1 Østensen, R. H. 2 Bloemen, S. 2 Telting, J. H. 3 Heber, U. 4 Oreiro, R. 5 Reed, M. D. 6 Farris, L. E. 6 O'Toole, S. J. 7 Lanteri, L. 1 Degroote, P. 2 Hu, H. 8 Baran, A. S. 6,9 Hermes, J. J. 10 Althaus, L. G. 11 Marsh, T. R. 12 Charpinet, S. 13 Li, J. 14 Morris, R. L. 14 Sanderfer, D. T. 14; Affiliation:  1: INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino  2: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven  3: Nordic Optical Telescope  4: Dr Karl Remeis-Observatory & ECAP, Astronomical Inst.  5: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía  6: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science Missouri State University,  7: Anglo-Australian Observatory  8: Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories  9: Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny, Obserwatorium na Suhorze  10: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin  11: Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata  12: Department of Physics, University of Warwick  13: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Toulouse-Tarbes, Université de Toulouse  14: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 424 Issue 3, p1752; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 6614501; Author-Supplied Keyword: subdwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: white dwarfs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21232.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chini, R.
AU  - Hoffmeister, V. H.
AU  - Nasseri, A.
AU  - Stahl, O.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
T1  - A spectroscopic survey on the multiplicity of high-mass stars.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/08/11/
VL  - 424
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1925
EP  - 1929
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT The formation of stars above about 20 M⊙ and their apparently high multiplicity remain heavily debated subjects in astrophysics. We have performed a vast high-resolution radial velocity spectroscopic survey of about 250 O- and 540 B-type stars in the southern Milky Way which indicates that the majority of stars (>82 per cent) with masses above 16 M⊙ form close binary systems while this fraction rapidly drops to 20 per cent for stars of 3 M⊙. The binary fractions of O-type stars among different environment classes are: clusters (72 ± 13 per cent), associations (73 ± 8 per cent), field (43 ± 13 per cent) and runaways (69 ± 11 per cent). The high frequency of close pairs with components of similar mass argues in favour of a multiplicity originating from the formation process rather than from a tidal capture in a dense cluster. The high binary frequency of runaway O stars that we found in our survey (69 per cent compared to 19-26 per cent in previous surveys) points to the importance of ejection from young star clusters and thus supports the competitive accretion scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic
KW  - stars: early-type
KW  - stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 78217844; Chini, R. 1,2 Hoffmeister, V. H. 1 Nasseri, A. 1 Stahl, O. 3 Zinnecker, H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Astronomisches Institut, Ruhr-Universität Bochum  2: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Católica del Norte  3: ZAH  4: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 424 Issue 3, p1925; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: BINARY stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: spectroscopic; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: early-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21317.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Guo, Xinyun
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
T1  - Alternative modal basis selection procedures for reduced-order nonlinear random response simulation
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2012/08/13/
VL  - 331
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 4005
EP  - 4024
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Three procedures to guide selection of an efficient modal basis in a nonlinear random response analysis are examined. One method is based only on proper orthogonal decomposition, while the other two additionally involve smooth orthogonal decomposition. Acoustic random response problems are employed to assess the performance of the three modal basis selection approaches. A thermally post-buckled beam exhibiting snap-through behavior, a shallowly curved arch in the auto-parametric response regime and a plate structure are used as numerical test articles. The results of a computationally taxing full-order analysis in physical degrees of freedom are taken as the benchmark for comparison with the results from the three reduced-order analyses. For the cases considered, all three methods are shown to produce modal bases resulting in accurate and computationally efficient reduced-order nonlinear simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ORTHOGONAL decompositions
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - NONLINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - degree-of-freedom ( dof )
KW  - Estimated POM frequency ( EPF )
KW  - Linear normal mode ( LNM )
KW  - Modal amplitude participation ( MAP )
KW  - Modal assurance criterion ( MAC )
KW  - Modal energy participation ( MEP )
KW  - Proper orthogonal decomposition ( POD )
KW  - Proper orthogonal mode ( POM )
KW  - Proper orthogonal value ( POV )
KW  - Smooth orthogonal decomposition ( SOD )
KW  - Smooth orthogonal mode ( SOM )
KW  - Smooth orthogonal value ( SOV )
N1  - Accession Number: 75347009; Przekop, Adam 1; Email Address: Adam.Przekop@nasa.gov Guo, Xinyun 2; Email Address: Guo_David@dwc.edu Rizzi, Stephen A. 3; Email Address: Stephen.A.Rizzi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., 107 Research Dr. Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: School of Engineering and Computer Science, Daniel Webster College, Nashua, NH 03063, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Acoustics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 331 Issue 17, p4005; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ORTHOGONAL decompositions; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: NONLINEAR models (Statistics); Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Author-Supplied Keyword: degree-of-freedom ( dof ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Estimated POM frequency ( EPF ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear normal mode ( LNM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Modal amplitude participation ( MAP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Modal assurance criterion ( MAC ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Modal energy participation ( MEP ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Proper orthogonal decomposition ( POD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Proper orthogonal mode ( POM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Proper orthogonal value ( POV ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Smooth orthogonal decomposition ( SOD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Smooth orthogonal mode ( SOM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Smooth orthogonal value ( SOV ); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2012.03.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Song, Wei-Li
AU  - Veca, L. Monica
AU  - Kong, Chang Yi
AU  - Ghose, Sayata
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Wang, Ping
AU  - Cao, Li
AU  - Lin, Yi
AU  - Meziani, Mohammed J.
AU  - Qian, Haijun
AU  - LeCroy, Gregory E.
AU  - Sun, Ya-Ping
T1  - Polymeric nanocomposites with graphene sheets – Materials and device for superior thermal transport properties
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2012/08/17/
VL  - 53
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 3910
EP  - 3916
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Polymeric nanocomposites of high thermal conductivities are developed for their significant potential applications in modern electronics, transportation, and space technologies. Among widely studied nanoscale fillers are carbon nanomaterials of superior thermal transport characteristics, whose incorporation into polymeric matrices may result in nanocomposites that exhibit a good combination of processability and thermal conductivity. In this work we prepared specifically exfoliated few-layer graphene nanosheets (GNs), and dispersed them into two different polymeric matrices, the poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) copolymer (PEVA) and polyimide (PI). The GNs, generally less than 10 nm in thickness according to X-ray and microscopy characterization results, were found to substantially enhance the thermal transport properties in the resulting polymeric nanocomposite films. The same enhancement was also found in the devices fabricated from the nanocomposites, specifically tubes from melt-extrusion, suggesting significant application potentials of the polymeric/GN nanocomposite materials. The ability for the GNs to impart electrical conductivity into the nanocomposite films was also determined, with the results correlated in terms of the percolation theory. The relative enhancement effects of the GNs at different loadings in the nanocomposite films on thermal and electrical transports are highlighted and discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - SHEET-metal
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - Graphene sheets
KW  - Polymeric nanocomposite
KW  - Thermal transport
N1  - Accession Number: 78280188; Song, Wei-Li 1 Veca, L. Monica 1; Email Address: monica.veca@imt.ro Kong, Chang Yi 1 Ghose, Sayata 2 Connell, John W. 2; Email Address: john.w.connell@nasa.gov Wang, Ping 1 Cao, Li 1 Lin, Yi 1 Meziani, Mohammed J. 1 Qian, Haijun 1 LeCroy, Gregory E. 1 Sun, Ya-Ping 1; Email Address: syaping@clemson.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Emerging Materials and Technology, Hunter Laboratories, Clemson University, P.O. Box 340973, Clemson, SC 29634-0973, USA  2: Mail Stop 226, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 53 Issue 18, p3910; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: SHEET-metal; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphene sheets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymeric nanocomposite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal transport; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.07.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deacon, Niall R.
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Magnier, Eugene A.
AU  - Bowler, Brendan P.
AU  - Redstone, Joshua
AU  - Goldman, Bertrand
AU  - Burgett, W. S.
AU  - Chambers, K. C.
AU  - Flewelling, H.
AU  - Kaiser, N.
AU  - Morgan, J. S.
AU  - Price, P. A.
AU  - Sweeney, W. E.
AU  - Tonry, J. L.
AU  - Wainscoat, R. J.
AU  - Waters, C.
T1  - HIP 38939B: A NEW BENCHMARK T DWARF IN THE GALACTIC PLANE DISCOVERED WITH Pan-STARRS1.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08/20/
VL  - 755
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the discovery of a wide brown dwarf companion to the mildly metal-poor ([Fe/H] = –0.24), low Galactic latitude (b = 1.°88) K4V star HIP 38939. The companion was discovered by its common proper motion with the primary and its red optical (Pan-STARRS1) and blue infrared (Two Micron All Sky Survey) colors. It has a projected separation of 1630 AU and a near-infrared spectral type of T4.5. As such it is one of only three known companions to a main-sequence star which have early/mid T spectral types of (the others being HN Peg B and ε Indi B). Using chromospheric activity we estimate an age for the primary of 900±1900600 Myr. This value is also in agreement with the age derived from the star's weak ROSAT detection. Comparison with evolutionary models for this age range indicates that HIP 38939B falls in the mass range 38 ± 20 MJup with an effective temperature range of 1090 ± 60 K. Fitting our spectrum with atmospheric models gives a best-fitting temperature of 1100 K. We include our object in an analysis of the population of benchmark T dwarfs and find that while older atmospheric models appeared to overpredict the temperature of the coolest objects compared to evolutionary models, more recent atmospheric models provide better agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - STARS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
N1  - Accession Number: 97998087; Deacon, Niall R. 1,2; Email Address: deacon@mpia.de Liu, Michael C. 1,3 Magnier, Eugene A. 1 Bowler, Brendan P. 1 Redstone, Joshua 4 Goldman, Bertrand 2 Burgett, W. S. 1 Chambers, K. C. 1 Flewelling, H. 1 Kaiser, N. 1 Morgan, J. S. 1 Price, P. A. 5 Sweeney, W. E. 1 Tonry, J. L. 1 Wainscoat, R. J. 1 Waters, C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  4: Facebook, 1601 S. California Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  5: Princeton University Observatory, 4 Ivy Lane, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2012, Vol. 755 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/94
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Irons, Wesley T.
AU  - Lacy, John H.
AU  - Richter, Matthew J.
T1  - IONIZED GAS IN THE GALACTIC CENTER: NEW OBSERVATIONS AND INTERPRETATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08/20/
VL  - 755
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present new observations of the [Ne II] emission from the ionized gas in Sgr A West with improved resolution and sensitivity. About half of the emission comes from gas with kinematics indicating it is orbiting in a plane tipped about 25° from the Galactic plane. This plane is consistent with that derived previously for the circumnuclear molecular disk and the northern arm and western arc ionized features. However, unlike most previous studies, we conclude that the ionized gas is not moving along the ionized features, but on more nearly circular paths. The observed speeds are close to, but probably somewhat less than expected for orbital motions in the potential of the central black hole and stars and have a small inward component. The spatial distribution of the emission is well fitted by a spiral pattern. We discuss possible physical explanations for the spatial distribution and kinematics of the ionized gas, and conclude that both may be best explained by a one-armed spiral density wave, which also accounts for both the observed low velocities and the inward velocity component. We suggest that a density wave may result from the precession of elliptical orbits in the potential of the black hole and stellar mass distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALACTIC center
KW  - GALACTIC dynamics
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - GALACTIC nuclei
N1  - Accession Number: 97998083; Irons, Wesley T. 1 Lacy, John H. 1,2; Email Address: lacy@astro.as.utexas.edu Richter, Matthew J. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NCC 5-538 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Space Science, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2012, Vol. 755 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALACTIC center; Subject Term: GALACTIC dynamics; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: GALACTIC nuclei; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/90
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sargsyan, L.
AU  - Lebouteiller, V.
AU  - Weedman, D.
AU  - Spoon, H.
AU  - Bernard-Salas, J.
AU  - Engels, D.
AU  - Stacey, G.
AU  - Houck, J.
AU  - Barry, D.
AU  - Miles, J.
AU  - Samsonyan, A.
T1  - [C II] 158 μm LUMINOSITIES AND STAR FORMATION RATE IN DUSTY STARBURSTS AND ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/08/20/
VL  - 755
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Results are presented for [C II] 158 μm line fluxes observed with the Herschel PACS instrument in 112 sources with both starburst and active galactic nucleus (AGN) classifications, of which 102 sources have confident detections. Results are compared with mid-infrared spectra from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrometer and with Lir from IRAS fluxes; AGN/starburst classifications are determined from equivalent width of the 6.2 μm polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) feature. It is found that the [C II] line flux correlates closely with the flux of the 11.3 μm PAH feature independent of AGN/starburst classification, log [f([C II] 158 μm)/f(11.3 μm PAH)] = –0.22 ± 0.25. It is concluded that the [C II] line flux measures the photodissociation region associated with starbursts in the same fashion as the PAH feature. A calibration of star formation rate (SFR) for the starburst component in any source having [C II] is derived comparing [C II] luminosity L([C II]) to Lir with the result that log SFR = log L([C II)]) – 7.08 ± 0.3, for SFR in M☼ yr–1 and L([C II]) in L☼. The decreasing ratio of L([C II]) to Lir in more luminous sources (the “[C II] deficit”) is shown to be a consequence of the dominant contribution to Lir arising from a luminous AGN component because the sources with the largest Lir and smallest L([C II])/Lir are AGNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - ACTIVE galaxies
KW  - GALACTIC nuclei
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
N1  - Accession Number: 97998063; Sargsyan, L. 1; Email Address: sargsyan@isc.astro.cornell.edu Lebouteiller, V. 2; Email Address: vianney.lebouteiller@cea.fr Weedman, D. 1; Email Address: dweedman@isc.astro.cornell.edu Spoon, H. 1 Bernard-Salas, J. 3 Engels, D. 4 Stacey, G. 1 Houck, J. 1 Barry, D. 1 Miles, J. 5 Samsonyan, A. 6; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universite Paris Diderot, DAPNIA/Service d’Astrophysique, Saclay, France  3: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Universite Paris Sud 11, 91405 Orsay, France  4: Hamburger Sternwarte, Hamburg, Germany  5: USRA/SOFIA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  6: Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory, Byurakan, Armenia; Source Info: 8/20/2012, Vol. 755 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: ACTIVE galaxies; Subject Term: GALACTIC nuclei; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/755/2/171
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wintucky, E.G.
AU  - Simons, R.N.
AU  - Freeman, J.C.
AU  - Chevalier, C.T.
AU  - Abraham, A.J.
T1  - High-efficiency three-way Ka-band waveguide unequal power combiner.
JO  - IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2012/08/21/
VL  - 6
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1195
EP  - 1199
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 17518725
AB  - This article presents the design, simulation and characterisation of a novel high-efficiency Ka-band (32.05±0.25 GHz) rectangular waveguide three-way serial combiner for monolithic microwave integrated circuit power amplifiers (PAs) with unequal output power. The combiner presented here is suited for low data rate communications from deep space using a single carrier with constant envelope (amplitude) type modulation. The three-way combiner consists internally of two branch-line hybrids connected in series by a short length of waveguide. The two branch-line hybrids were each designed to combine two input signals that are equal in phase and with an amplitude ratio of two, although in general the amplitude ratio could be arbitrary. The combiner was fabricated in an E-plane split-block arrangement and precision machined from blocks of aluminium with standard WR-28 waveguide ports. S-parameter measurements demonstrated a close achievement of the design goals. The measured return loss at the output port was greater than 16 dB and the isolation between the three input ports of the three-way combiner were greater than 22 dB. The combining of three PAs was successfully demonstrated in which the measured combining efficiency was greater than 90% at the centre frequency of 32.05 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - MONOLITHIC microwave integrated circuits
KW  - POWER amplifiers
KW  - BIT rate (Telecommunication)
KW  - DEEP Space Network
N1  - Accession Number: 82713301; Wintucky, E.G. 1 Simons, R.N. 1 Freeman, J.C. 1 Chevalier, C.T. 2 Abraham, A.J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA  2: QinetiQ North America Corporation, Cleveland, USA  3: Lehigh University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bethlehem, USA; Source Info: 8/21/2012, Vol. 6 Issue 11, p1195; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: MONOLITHIC microwave integrated circuits; Subject Term: POWER amplifiers; Subject Term: BIT rate (Telecommunication); Subject Term: DEEP Space Network; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/iet-map.2012.0207
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82713301&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baran, A. S.
AU  - Reed, M. D.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Telting, J. H.
AU  - Pakštienė, E.
AU  - O'Toole, S. J.
AU  - Silvotti, R.
AU  - Degroote, P.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Hu, H.
AU  - Van Grootel, V.
AU  - Clarke, B. D.
AU  - Van Cleve, J.
AU  - Thompson, S. E.
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
T1  - A pulsation zoo in the hot subdwarf B star KIC 10139564 observed by Kepler A pulsation zoo in the hot subdwarf B star KIC 10139564 observed by Kepler.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/08/21/
VL  - 424
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2686
EP  - 2700
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present our analyses of 15 months of Kepler data on KIC 10139564. We detected 57 periodicities with a variety of properties not previously observed all together in one pulsating subdwarf B (sdB) star. Ten of the periodicities were found in the low-frequency region, and we associate them with nonradial g modes. The other periodicities were found in the high-frequency region, which are likely p modes. We discovered that most of the periodicities are components of multiplets with a common spacing. Assuming that multiplets are caused by rotation, we derive a rotation period of 25.6 ± 1.8 d. The multiplets also allow us to identify the pulsations to an unprecedented extent for this class of pulsator. We also detect l ≥ 2 multiplets, which are sensitive to the pulsation inclination and can constrain limb darkening via geometric cancellation factors. While most periodicities are stable, we detected several regions that show complex patterns. Detailed analyses showed that these regions are complicated by several factors. Two are combination frequencies that originate in the super-Nyquist region and were found to be reflected below the Nyquist frequency. The Fourier peaks are clear in the super-Nyquist region, but the orbital motion of Kepler smears the Nyquist frequency in the barycentric reference frame and this effect is passed on to the sub-Nyquist reflections. Others are likely multiplets but unstable in amplitudes and/or frequencies. The density of periodicities also makes KIC 10139564 challenging to explain using published models. This menagerie of properties should provide tight constraints on structural models, making this sdB star the most promising for applying asteroseismology. To support our photometric analysis, we have obtained spectroscopic radial-velocity measurements of KIC 10139564 using low-resolution spectra in the Balmer-line region. We did not find any radial-velocity variation. We used our high signal-to-noise average spectrum to improve the atmospheric parameters of the sdB star, deriving Teff = 31 859 K and log  g = 5.673 dex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - B stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - asteroseismology
KW  - stars: oscillation
KW  - subdwarfs
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 78360771; Baran, A. S. 1,2 Reed, M. D. 1 Stello, D. 3 Østensen, R. H. 4 Telting, J. H. 5 Pakštienė, E. 6 O'Toole, S. J. 7 Silvotti, R. 8 Degroote, P. 4,9 Bloemen, S. 4,9 Hu, H. 9,10 Van Grootel, V. 9,11 Clarke, B. D. 12 Van Cleve, J. 12 Thompson, S. E. 12 Kawaler, S. D. 9,13; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University  2: Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny, Obserwatorium na Suhorze, ul. Podchora̧żych 2  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney  4: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D  5: Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474  6: Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University  7: Australian Astronomical Observatory  8: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino  9: Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California  10: Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories  11: Institut d' Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center  13: Iowa State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy; Source Info: Aug2012, Vol. 424 Issue 4, p2686; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: B stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: subdwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 23 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21355.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blinzler, Brina J.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Macroscale Independently Homogenized Subcells for Modeling Braided Composites.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1873
EP  - 1884
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An analytical method has been developed to analyze the impact response of triaxially braided carbon fiber composites, including the penetration velocity and impact damage patterns. In the analytical model, the triaxial braid architecture is simulated by using four parallel shell elements, each of which is modeled as a laminated composite. Currently, each shell element is considered to be a smeared homogeneous material. The commercial transient dynamic finite element code LS-DYNA is used to conduct the simulations, and a continuum damage mechanics model internal to LS-DYNA is used as the material constitutive model. To determine the stiffness and strength properties required for the constitutive model, a top-down approach for determining the strength properties is merged with a bottom-up approach for determining the stiffness properties. The top-down portion uses global strengths obtained from macroscale coupon-level testing to characterize the material strengths for each subcell. The bottom-up portion uses microscale fiber and matrix stiffness properties to characterize the material stiffness for each subceii. Simulations of quasi-static coupon-level tests for several representative composites are conducted along with impact simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CONTINUUM damage mechanics
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 79728423; Blinzler, Brina J. 1 Goldberg, Robert K. 2 Binienda, Wieslaw K. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 50 Issue 9, p1873; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CONTINUUM damage mechanics; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051342
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79728423&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Croicu, Ana.-Maria
AU  - Hussaini, M. Yousuff
AU  - Jameson, Antony
AU  - Klopfer, Goetz
AU  - Martins, J.
T1  - Robust Airfoil Optimization Using Maximum Expected Value and Expected Maximum Value Approaches.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1905
EP  - 1919
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Deterministic engineering design often leads to unexpected or physically unrealizable results. This is due to the fact that deterministic design is not able to capture the effects of even slight natural fluctuations of parameters. Deterministic transonic shape optimization is no exception: deterministic designs can result in dramatically inferior performance when the actual operating conditions are different from the design conditions used during a deterministic optimization procedure. The goal of this paper is to overcome the off-design performance degradation of deterministic transonic shape optimization by using two different optimization approaches to produce robust designs. Two criteria, the well-known maximum/minimum expected value criterion (MEV) and the alternative expected maximum/minimum value criterion (EMV), are studied and applied to improve an initial RAE 2822 design. It turns out that EMV is much easier to implement than MEV, given a deterministic optimization code, and may provide a promising method for optimizing design shapes under uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - INDUSTRIAL design
N1  - Accession Number: 79728426; Croicu, Ana.-Maria 1 Hussaini, M. Yousuff 2 Jameson, Antony 3 Klopfer, Goetz 4 Martins, J.; Affiliation:  1: Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, Georgia 30144  2: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306  3: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 50 Issue 9, p1905; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Control surfaces; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL design; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051467
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79728426&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hörst, S.M.
AU  - Yelle, R.V.
AU  - Buch, A.
AU  - Carrasco, N.
AU  - Cernogora, G.
AU  - Dutuit, O.
AU  - Quirico, E.
AU  - Sciamma-O'Brien, E.
AU  - Smith, M.A.
AU  - Somogyi, Á.
AU  - Szopa, C.
AU  - Thissen, R.
AU  - Vuitton, V.
T1  - Formation of Amino Acids and Nucleotide Bases in a Titan Atmosphere Simulation Experiment.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 817
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The discovery of large (>100 u) molecules in Titan's upper atmosphere has heightened astrobiological interest in this unique satellite. In particular, complex organic aerosols produced in atmospheres containing C, N, O, and H, like that of Titan, could be a source of prebiotic molecules. In this work, aerosols produced in a Titan atmosphere simulation experiment with enhanced CO (N2/CH4/CO gas mixtures of 96.2%/2.0%/1.8% and 93.2%/5.0%/1.8%) were found to contain 18 molecules with molecular formulae that correspond to biological amino acids and nucleotide bases. Very high-resolution mass spectrometry of isotopically labeled samples confirmed that C4H5N3O, C4H4N2O2, C5H6N2O2, C5H5N5, and C6H9N3O2 are produced by chemistry in the simulation chamber. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses of the non-isotopic samples confirmed the presence of cytosine (C4H5N3O), uracil (C5H4N2O2), thymine (C5H6N2O2), guanine (C5H5N5O), glycine (C2H5NO2), and alanine (C3H7NO2). Adenine (C5H5N5) was detected by GC-MS in isotopically labeled samples. The remaining prebiotic molecules were detected in unlabeled samples only and may have been affected by contamination in the chamber. These results demonstrate that prebiotic molecules can be formed by the high-energy chemistry similar to that which occurs in planetary upper atmospheres and therefore identifies a new source of prebiotic material, potentially increasing the range of planets where life could begin. Key Words: Astrochemistry-Planetary atmospheres-Titan-Astrobiology. Astrobiology 12, 809-817. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - NUCLEOTIDES
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - PREBIOTICS
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 90251854; Hörst, S.M. 1,2 Yelle, R.V. 2 Buch, A. 3 Carrasco, N. 4 Cernogora, G. 4 Dutuit, O. 5 Quirico, E. 5 Sciamma-O'Brien, E. 6 Smith, M.A. 7,8 Somogyi, Á. 8 Szopa, C. 4 Thissen, R. 5 Vuitton, V. 5; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.  3: Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, Ecole Centrale Paris, Paris, France.  4: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, Université Versailles St-Quentin, UMPC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Guyancourt, France.  5: Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, UMR 5109, CNRS, Université J. Fourier, Grenoble, France.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  7: College of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.  8: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p809; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDES; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: PREBIOTICS; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0623
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mattioda, Andrew
AU  - Cook, Amanda
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Quinn, Richard
AU  - Ricco, Antonio J.
AU  - Squires, David
AU  - Bramall, Nathan
AU  - Bryson, Kathryn
AU  - Chittenden, Julie
AU  - Minelli, Giovanni
AU  - Agasid, Elwood
AU  - Allamandola, Lou
AU  - Beasley, Chris
AU  - Burton, Roland
AU  - Defouw, Greg
AU  - Diaz-Aguado, Millan
AU  - Fonda, Mark
AU  - Friedericks, Charles
AU  - Kitts, Chris
AU  - Landis, David
T1  - The O/OREOS Mission: First Science Data from the Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) Payload.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 841
EP  - 853
SN  - 15311074
AB  - We report the first science results from the Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) payload aboard the Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) free-flying nanosatellite, which completed its nominal spaceflight mission in May 2011 but continues to acquire data biweekly. The SEVO payload integrates a compact UV-visible-NIR spectrometer, utilizing the Sun as its light source, with a 24-cell sample carousel that houses four classes of vacuum-deposited organic thin films: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), amino acid, metalloporphyrin, and quinone. The organic films are enclosed in hermetically sealed sample cells that contain one of four astrobiologically relevant microenvironments. Results are reported in this paper for the first 309 days of the mission, during which the samples were exposed for ∼2210 h to direct solar illumination (∼1080 kJ/cm2 of solar energy over the 124-2600 nm range). Transmission spectra (200-1000 nm) were recorded for each film, at first daily and subsequently every 15 days, along with a solar spectrum and the dark response of the detector array. Results presented here include eight preflight and 16 in-flight spectra of eight SEVO sample cells. Spectra from the PAH thin film in a water-vapor-containing microenvironment indicate measurable change due to solar irradiation in orbit, while three other nominally water-free microenvironments show no appreciable change. The quinone anthrarufin showed high photostability and no significant spectroscopically measurable change in any of the four microenvironments during the same period. The SEVO experiment provides the first in situ real-time analysis of the photostability of organic compounds and biomarkers in orbit. Key Words: Cubesat-Nanosatellite-O/OREOS-SEVO-Low-Earth orbit-Astrobiology-UV-visible spectroscopy-Photochemistry-Photodegradation of organics-Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-Quinone. Astrobiology 12, 841-853. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR space suits
KW  - SCIENCE databases
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering)
KW  - NANOSATELLITES
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 90251847; Mattioda, Andrew 1 Cook, Amanda 1 Ehrenfreund, Pascale 2 Quinn, Richard 3 Ricco, Antonio J. 1 Squires, David 1 Bramall, Nathan 3 Bryson, Kathryn 4 Chittenden, Julie 1 Minelli, Giovanni 1 Agasid, Elwood 1 Allamandola, Lou 1 Beasley, Chris 1 Burton, Roland 1 Defouw, Greg 1 Diaz-Aguado, Millan 1 Fonda, Mark 1 Friedericks, Charles 1 Kitts, Chris 5 Landis, David 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Space Policy Institute, Washington, DC.  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California.  5: Robotic Systems Laboratory, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California.  6: Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts.; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 12 Issue 9, p841; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR space suits; Subject Term: SCIENCE databases; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering); Subject Term: NANOSATELLITES; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2012.0861
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jevtić, Nada
AU  - Stine, Peter
AU  - Nilsen, Wayne
AU  - Schweitzer, J. S.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Klaus, Todd C.
AU  - Lie, Ji
AU  - McCauliff, Sean
T1  - STOCHASTIC BRIGHTNESS VARIATIONS IN THE CENTRAL STAR OF PLANETARY NEBULA NGC 6826.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09//9/1/2012
VL  - 756
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - One year of continuous Kepler Space Telescope data for the central object of planetary nebula NGC 6826 (KIC 12071221) were analyzed. KIC 12071221 has long-cadence light curves with stochastic brightness variations and broadband power spectra. The exception is a one-month long period during which variability was detected with a period of 14.8 hr. In search of the origin of this periodicity and in an attempt to better understand the complex NGC 6826 system, long-cadence KIC 12071221 data were analyzed using nonlinear time series methods. Nonlinear projective noise reduction from a phase-space dimension of six lowered the tail of the power spectra at the higher frequencies by factors of 38-133, an unexpected result for light curves with no obvious dominant frequencies. Even more notable is the identification of a structured distribution of trajectories, or coherence, in the reconstructed phase space for vectors spanning an interval of 1.5 hr. Organization weakens as the delay increases and is lost for phase-space vectors spanning times longer than 10 hr. This may be indicative of a binary object which shares a common envelope and/or pulsations but for a complete understanding one or both may have to be combined with wind structure. Thus, an estimate is made of the timescale of the response to what we propose is stochastic driving. This estimate of the timescale of the organized response is made by monitoring the loss of structure in the distribution of trajectories in phase space, a novel application of nonlinear methodology that may be used on data sampled with any sampling time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97998191; Jevtić, Nada 1,2; Email Address: njevtic@bloomu.edu Stine, Peter 1; Email Address: pstine@bloomu.edu Nilsen, Wayne 3; Email Address: wnilsen@bu.edu Schweitzer, J. S. 2; Email Address: schweitz@phys.uconn.edu Jenkins, Jon M. 4; Email Address: jon.jenkins@nasa.gov Klaus, Todd C. 5; Email Address: Todd.Klaus@nasa.gov Lie, Ji 4 McCauliff, Sean 5; Email Address: Sean.D.McCauliff@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Physics and ET, Bloomsburg University, 400 East Second St. Bloomsburg, PA 17815, USA  2: Physics Department, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road U-3046, Storrs, CT 06269-3046, USA  3: School of Management, Boston University, 595 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  4: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2012, Vol. 756 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97998191&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mirocha, Jordan
AU  - Skory, Stephen
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
AU  - Wise, John H.
T1  - OPTIMIZED MULTI-FREQUENCY SPECTRA FOR APPLICATIONS IN RADIATIVE FEEDBACK AND COSMOLOGICAL REIONIZATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09//9/1/2012
VL  - 756
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The recent implementation of radiative transfer algorithms in numerous hydrodynamics codes has led to a dramatic improvement in studies of feedback in various astrophysical environments. However, because of methodological limitations and computational expense, the spectra of radiation sources are generally sampled at only a few evenly spaced discrete emission frequencies. Using one-dimensional radiative transfer calculations, we investigate the discrepancies in gas properties surrounding model stars and accreting black holes that arise solely due to spectral discretization. We find that even in the idealized case of a static and uniform density field, commonly used discretization schemes induce errors in the neutral fraction and temperature by factors of two to three on average, and by over an order of magnitude in certain column density regimes. The consequences are most severe for radiative feedback operating on large scales, dense clumps of gas, and media consisting of multiple chemical species. We have developed a method for optimally constructing discrete spectra, and show that for two test cases of interest, carefully chosen four-bin spectra can eliminate errors associated with frequency resolution to high precision. Applying these findings to a fully three-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulation of the early universe, we find that the H II region around a primordial star is substantially altered in both size and morphology, corroborating the one-dimensional prediction that discrete spectral energy distributions can lead to sizable inaccuracies in the physical properties of a medium, and as a result, the subsequent evolution and observable signatures of objects embedded within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - STARS -- Density
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - STELLAR spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 97998196; Mirocha, Jordan 1,2; Email Address: jordan.mirocha@colorado.edu Skory, Stephen 1,2 Burns, Jack O. 1,2 Wise, John H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Campus Box 389, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: The NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2012, Vol. 756 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: STARS -- Density; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/94
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97998196&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Jingwen
AU  - Tsai, Chao-Wei
AU  - Sayers, Jack
AU  - Benford, Dominic
AU  - Bridge, Carrie
AU  - Blain, Andrew
AU  - Eisenhardt, Peter R. M.
AU  - Stern, Daniel
AU  - Petty, Sara
AU  - Assef, Roberto
AU  - Bussmann, Shane
AU  - Comerford, Julia M.
AU  - Cutri, Roc
AU  - Evans II, Neal J.
AU  - Griffith, Roger
AU  - Jarrett, Thomas
AU  - Lake, Sean
AU  - Lonsdale, Carol
AU  - Rho, Jeonghee
AU  - Stanford, S. Adam
T1  - SUBMILLIMETER FOLLOW-UP OF WISE-SELECTED HYPERLUMINOUS GALAXIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09//9/1/2012
VL  - 756
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have used the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory (CSO) to follow-up a sample of Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) selected, hyperluminous galaxies, the so-called W1W2-dropout galaxies. This is a rare (∼1000 all-sky) population of galaxies at high redshift (peaks at z = 2-3), which are faint or undetected by WISE at 3.4 and 4.6 μm, yet are clearly detected at 12 and 22 μm. The optical spectra of most of these galaxies show significant active galactic nucleus activity. We observed 14 high-redshift (z > 1.7) W1W2-dropout galaxies with SHARC-II at 350-850 μm, with nine detections, and observed 18 with Bolocam at 1.1 mm, with five detections. Warm Spitzer follow-up of 25 targets at 3.6 and 4.5 μm, as well as optical spectra of 12 targets, are also presented in the paper. Combining WISE data with observations from warm Spitzer and CSO, we constructed their mid-IR to millimeter spectral energy distributions (SEDs). These SEDs have a consistent shape, showing significantly higher mid-IR to submillimeter ratios than other galaxy templates, suggesting a hotter dust temperature. We estimate their dust temperatures to be 60-120 K using a single-temperature model. Their infrared luminosities are well over 1013L☼. These SEDs are not well fitted with existing galaxy templates, suggesting they are a new population with very high luminosity and hot dust. They are likely among the most luminous galaxies in the universe. We argue that they are extreme cases of luminous, hot dust-obscured galaxies (DOGs), possibly representing a short evolutionary phase during galaxy merging and evolution. A better understanding of their long-wavelength properties needs ALMA as well as Herschel data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - RED shift
KW  - DUST -- Research
KW  - CALIFORNIA Institute of Technology
N1  - Accession Number: 97998096; Wu, Jingwen 1; Email Address: jingwen.wu@jpl.nasa.gov Tsai, Chao-Wei 2 Sayers, Jack 3 Benford, Dominic 4 Bridge, Carrie 3 Blain, Andrew 5 Eisenhardt, Peter R. M. 1 Stern, Daniel 1 Petty, Sara 6 Assef, Roberto 1 Bussmann, Shane 7 Comerford, Julia M. 8 Cutri, Roc 2 Evans II, Neal J. 8 Griffith, Roger 2 Jarrett, Thomas 2 Lake, Sean 6 Lonsdale, Carol 9 Rho, Jeonghee 10,11 Stanford, S. Adam 12; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester, UK  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS78, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78731, USA  9: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  10: SETI Institute, 189 BERNARDO Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  11: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: Department of Physics, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2012, Vol. 756 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: DUST -- Research; Company/Entity: CALIFORNIA Institute of Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/756/1/96
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97998096&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, H.B.
AU  - Cai, C.
AU  - Kaduwela, A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
T1  - Interactions of fire emissions and urban pollution over California: Ozone formation and air quality simulations
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 56
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 51
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: An instrumented DC-8 aircraft was employed to perform airborne observations in rural and urban environs of California during the summer 2008 NASA ARCTAS-CARB campaign. The fortuitous occurrence of large wildfire episodes in Northern California allowed for studies of fire emissions, their composition, and their interactions with rural and urban air. Relative to CO, emissions of HCN were shown to vary non-linearly with fire characteristics while those of CH3CN were nearly unchanged, making the latter a superior quantitative tracer of biomass combustion. Although some fire plumes over California contained little NOx and virtually no O3 enhancement, others contained ample VOCs and sufficient NOx, largely from urban influences, to result in significant ozone formation. The highest observed O3 mixing ratios (170 ppb) were also in fire-influenced urban air masses. Attempts to simulate these interactions using CMAQ, a high-resolution state of the art air quality model, were only minimally successful and indicated several shortcomings in simulating fire emission influences on urban smog formation. A variety of secondary oxidation products (e.g. O3, PAN, HCHO) were substantially underestimated in fire-influenced air masses. Available data involving fire plumes and anthropogenic pollution interactions are presently quite sparse and additional observational and mechanistic studies are needed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - URBAN pollution
KW  - OZONE
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - URBAN ecology (Biology)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - SMOG
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Formaldehyde
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Ozone
KW  - PAN
KW  - Urban pollution
KW  - Wildfires
N1  - Accession Number: 77338991; Singh, H.B. 1; Email Address: Hanwant.b.singh@nasa.gov Cai, C. 2 Kaduwela, A. 2 Weinheimer, A. 3 Wisthaler, A. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA, USA  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA  4: University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 56, p45; Subject Term: URBAN pollution; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: URBAN ecology (Biology); Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: SMOG; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formaldehyde; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: PAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urban pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfires; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.03.046
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77338991&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, J. R.
AU  - Tackett, J. L.
AU  - Reid, S.
AU  - Zhang, J.
AU  - Curtis, C. A.
AU  - Hyer, E. J.
AU  - Sessions, W. R.
AU  - Westphal, D. L.
AU  - Prospero, J. M.
AU  - Welton, E. J.
AU  - Omar, A. H.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Evaluating nighttime CALIOP 0.532μm aerosol optical depth and extinction coefficient retrievals.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2143
EP  - 2160
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study which examines the performance of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) nighttime aerosol algorithm. The study compares the datasets and model skill of CALIOP with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Aeronet. Result shows that CALIOP offers reasonable stability between 00-hour (h) analysis and 24-h forecast as compared with MODIS/MISR.
KW  - OPTICAL radar -- Performance
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 83290026; Campbell, J. R. 1; Email Address: james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil Tackett, J. L. 2 Reid, S. 1 Zhang, J. 3 Curtis, C. A. 1 Hyer, E. J. 1 Sessions, W. R. 4 Westphal, D. L. 1 Prospero, J. M. 5 Welton, E. J. 6 Omar, A. H. 7 Vaughan, M. A. 7 Winker, D. M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Aerosol and Radiation Sciences Section, Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA  2: Science Systems Applications Inc., c/o NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Roads, VA, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of North Dakota, Grand Folks, ND, USA  4: Computer Sciences Corporation, c/o Aerosol and Radiation Sciences Section, Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA  5: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Roads, VA, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 9, p2143; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar -- Performance; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Charts, 4 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-2143-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83290026&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Wise, Brent
T1  - Sol–gel synthesis of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−x  and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−x  cathode nanopowders for solid oxide fuel cells
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 38
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 5535
EP  - 5541
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Abstract: Nano-powders of La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−x  (LSC) and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−x  (SSC) compositions, which are being investigated as cathode materials for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) with La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O3−x  (LSGM) as the electrolyte, were synthesized by low-temperature sol–gel method using metal nitrates and citric acid. Thermal decomposition of the citrate gels was followed by simultaneous DSC/TGA methods. Development of phases in the gels, on heat treatments at various temperatures, was monitored by X-ray diffraction. Sol–gel powders calcined at 550–1000°C consisted of a number of phases. Single perovskite phase La0.6Sr0.4CoO3−x  or Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3−x  powders were obtained at 1200°C and 1300°C, respectively. Morphological analysis of the powders calcined at various temperatures was done by scanning electron microscopy. The average crystallite size of the powders was ∼15nm after 700°C calcinations and slowly increased to 70–100nm after heat treatments at 1300–1400°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOL-gel processes
KW  - COBALT oxides
KW  - CATHODES
KW  - METAL powders
KW  - LANTHANUM compounds
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - SOLID oxide fuel cells
KW  - Cathodes
KW  - D. Perovskites
KW  - Nanopowders
KW  - Solid oxide fuel cell
N1  - Accession Number: 77290533; Bansal, Narottam P.; Email Address: Narottam.P.Bansal@nasa.gov Wise, Brent 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 38 Issue 7, p5535; Subject Term: SOL-gel processes; Subject Term: COBALT oxides; Subject Term: CATHODES; Subject Term: METAL powders; Subject Term: LANTHANUM compounds; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SOLID oxide fuel cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cathodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Perovskites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanopowders; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid oxide fuel cell; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331492 Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.03.069
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=77290533&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ichimura, A.S.
AU  - Zent, A.P.
AU  - Quinn, R.C.
AU  - Sanchez, M.R.
AU  - Taylor, L.A.
T1  - Hydroxyl (OH) production on airless planetary bodies: Evidence from H+/D+ ion-beam experiments
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 345-348
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 94
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: The hypothesis that bombardment of lunar soil with solar-wind protons might form hydroxyl (OH) and perhaps HOH has been tested by experiments with Apollo 16 (highlands) and Apollo 17 (mare) soils. Pre-dried soils (500°C) were bombarded with 1.1keV protons and deuterons and provide unambiguous evidence for the formation of OH or OD in both samples. This hypothesis further predicts the formation of hydroxyl (OH) on other airless planetary/asteroidal bodies, with a sufficient solar-wind flux. Deuteron implantation of unaltered lunar soils and a heat-treated plagioclase specimen cause simultaneous OH depletion and OD formation. Ion bombardment of lunar soils simulates the dynamic process of hydroxyl formation and may also deplete intrinsic OH, thereby effectively contributing to the day/night, diurnal variability of OH reported by . Our results emphasize the need to use lunar soils with space-weathered exteriors in laboratory simulations of the solar wind. Infrared spectra of hydrogen ion-beam implanted soils are similar to spectra obtained at RELAB (Brown Univ.) and to those observed by remote sensing confirming the solar-wind hypothesis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROXYL group
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - HEAT treatment
KW  - hydroxyl
KW  - infrared
KW  - lunar soil
KW  - OH
KW  - proton ion-beam
KW  - solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 78545150; Ichimura, A.S. 1; Email Address: ichimura@sfsu.edu Zent, A.P. 2; Email Address: Aaron.P.Zent@nasa.gov Quinn, R.C. 3 Sanchez, M.R. 1 Taylor, L.A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Planetary Geosciences Institute, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 345-348, p90; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: HEAT treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydroxyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar soil; Author-Supplied Keyword: OH; Author-Supplied Keyword: proton ion-beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar wind; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.06.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78545150&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan, Yuki
AU  - Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Lau, Maggie C. Y.
AU  - Ha, Kong Ying
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A.
AU  - Cockell, Charles S.
AU  - Cowan, Donald A.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
T1  - Hypolithic microbial communities: between a rock and a hard place.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 14
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2272
EP  - 2282
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Drylands are the largest terrestrial biome on Earth and a ubiquitous feature is desert pavement terrain, comprising rocks embedded in the mineral soil surface. Quartz and other translucent rocks are common and microbial communities termed hypoliths develop as biofilms on their ventral surfaces. In extreme deserts these represent major concentrations of biomass, and are emerging as key to geobiological processes and soil stabilization. These highly specialized communities are dominated by cyanobacteria that support diverse heterotrophic assemblages. Here we identify global-scale trends in the ecology of hypoliths that are strongly related to climate, particularly with regard to shifts in cyanobacterial assemblages. A synthesis of available data revealed a linear trend for colonization with regard to climate, and we suggest potential application for hypoliths as 'biomarkers' of aridity on a landscape scale. The potential to exploit the soil-stabilizing properties of hypolithic colonization in environmental engineering on dryland soils is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - SOIL stabilization
KW  - BIOFILMS
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA -- Ecology
N1  - Accession Number: 79613558; Chan, Yuki 1 Lacap, Donnabella C. 1 Lau, Maggie C. Y. 2 Ha, Kong Ying 1 Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley A. 3 Cockell, Charles S. 4 Cowan, Donald A. 5 McKay, Christopher P. 3 Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China  2: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544-1013, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, James Clerk Maxwell Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK  5: Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 14 Issue 9, p2272; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: SOIL stabilization; Subject Term: BIOFILMS; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA -- Ecology; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02821.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Sandi G.
AU  - Roberts, Gary D.
AU  - Bail, Justin L.
AU  - Kohlman, Lee W.
AU  - Binienda, Wieslaw K.
T1  - Effects of hygrothermal cycling on the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of 862/W epoxy resin.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 24
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 477
SN  - 09540083
AB  - The hygrothermal aging characteristics of an epoxy resin were characterized over a one-year period, which included 908 temperature and humidity cycles. The epoxy resin quickly displayed evidence of aging through color change and increased brittleness. The influence of aging on the material’s glass transition temperature (Tg) was evaluated by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. The Tg remained relatively constant throughout the year-long cyclic aging profile. Chemical composition was monitored by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy, where evidence of chemical aging and advancement of cure was noted. The tensile strength of the resin was tested as it aged and this property was severely affected by the aging process in the form of reduced ductility and embrittlement. Detailed chemical evaluation suggests many aging mechanisms are taking place during exposure to hygrothermal conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry
KW  - THERMOPHYSICAL properties
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - differential scanning calorimetry
KW  - epoxy resin
KW  - hygrothermal aging
KW  - physical aging
N1  - Accession Number: 79305338; Miller, Sandi G. 1 Roberts, Gary D. 2 Bail, Justin L. 3 Kohlman, Lee W. 4 Binienda, Wieslaw K. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA Sandi.G.Miller@nasa.gov  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, USA  4: The University of Akron, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 24 Issue 6, p470; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: differential scanning calorimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: epoxy resin; Author-Supplied Keyword: hygrothermal aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: physical aging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4200
L3  - 10.1177/0954008312443273
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaier, James R.
T1  - Interpretation of the Apollo 14 Thermal Degradation Sample experiment
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 221
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
EP  - 173
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The Thermal Degradation Sample (TDS) experiment was one of the many investigations performed on the lunar surface during Apollo 14. Remarkably, the results of this 40year old experiment were never fully interpreted, perhaps in part because the hardware vanished after its return. Mission records, high resolution photographs returned from the mission, and recent laboratory investigations have been used to glean important results from this experiment. It is most likely that the dust adhesion to the TDS was less than anticipated because of atomic-level contamination of its surfaces. These contaminants were probably removed from most equipment surfaces on the Moon by sputter cleaning by the solar wind, but the TDS experiments were not exposed to the solar wind long enough to affect the cleaning. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
KW  - SPUTTERING (Physics)
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Moon
KW  - Moon, Surface
KW  - Solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 82071392; Gaier, James R. 1; Email Address: James.R.Gaier@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 221 Issue 1, p167; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Subject Term: SPUTTERING (Physics); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hutcheson, Florence V.
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
T1  - Noise radiation from single and multiple rod configurations.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 291
EP  - 334
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Acoustic measurements were performed on single and multiple rod configurations to study the effect of Reynolds number, surface roughness, freestream turbulence, proximity and wake interference on the radiated noise. The Reynolds number ranged from 3.8 × 103 to 105. Directivity measurements were performed to determine how well the dipole assumption for the radiation of vortex shedding noise holds for the different model configurations tested. The dependence of the peak Sound Pressure Level on velocity was also examined. Several concepts for the reduction of the noise radiating from cylindrical rods were tested. It was shown that wire wraps and collar distributions could be used to significantly reduce the noise radiating from rods in tandem configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiation pressure
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - SOUND pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 78110778; Hutcheson, Florence V. 1 Brooks, Thomas F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 11 Issue 3/4, p291; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiation pressure; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Number of Pages: 44p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Czech, Michael J.
AU  - Thomas, Russell H.
AU  - Elkoby, Ronen
T1  - Propulsion airframe aeroacoustic integration effects for a hybrid wing body aircraft configuration.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 335
EP  - 368
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - An extensive experimental investigation was performed to study the propulsion airframe aeroacoustic effects of a high bypass ratio engine for a hybrid wing body aircraft configuration where the engine is installed above the wing. The objective was to provide an understanding of the jet noise shielding effectiveness as a function of engine gas condition and location as well as nozzle configuration. A 4.7% scale nozzle of a bypass ratio seven engine was run at characteristic cycle points under static and forward flight conditions. The effect of the pylon and its orientation on jet noise was also studied as a function of bypass ratio and cycle condition. The addition of a pylon yielded significant spectral changes lowering jet noise by up to 4 dB at high polar angles and increasing it by 2 to 3 dB at forward angles. In order to assess jet noise shielding, a planform representation of the airframe model, also at 4.7% scale was traversed such that the jet nozzle was positioned from downstream of to several diameters upstream of the airframe model trailing edge. Installations at two fan diameters upstream of the wing trailing edge provided only limited shielding in the forward arc at high frequencies for both the axisymmetric and a conventional round nozzle with pylon. This was consistent with phased array measurements suggesting that the high frequency sources are predominantly located near the nozzle exit and, consequently, are amenable to shielding. The mid to low frequency sources were observed further downstream and shielding was insignificant. Chevrons were designed and used to impact the distribution of sources with the more aggressive design showing a significant upstream migration of the sources in the mid frequency range. Furthermore, the chevrons reduced the low frequency source levels and the typical high frequency increase due to the application of chevron nozzles was successfully shielded. The pylon was further modified with a technology that injects air through the shelf of the pylon which was effective in reducing low frequency noise and moving jet noise sources closer to the nozzle exit. In general, shielding effectiveness varied as a function of cycle condition with the cutback condition producing higher shielding compared to sideline power. The configuration with a more strongly immersed chevron and a pylon oriented opposite to the microphones produced the largest reduction in jet noise. In addition to the jet noise source, the shielding of a broadband point noise source was documented with up to 20 dB of noise reduction at directivity angles directly under the shielding surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - PYLONS (Architecture)
N1  - Accession Number: 78110773; Czech, Michael J. 1 Thomas, Russell H. 2 Elkoby, Ronen 3; Affiliation:  1: The Boeing Company, 9819 Airport Road, Everett, WA 98204 USA  2: Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 461, Hampton, VA 23681 USA  3: Acoustics Group, The Boeing Company, 5301 Bolsa Ave, MC H017-D335, Huntington Beach, CA92647 USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 11 Issue 3/4, p335; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: PYLONS (Architecture); Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, Russell H.
AU  - Burley, Casey L.
AU  - Olson, Erik D.
T1  - Hybrid wing body aircraft system noise assessment with propulsion airframe aeroacoustic experiments.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 369
EP  - 410
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - A system noise assessment of a hybrid wing body configuration was performed using NASA's best available aircraft models, engine model, and system noise assessment method. A propulsion airframe aeroacoustic effects experimental database for key noise sources and interaction effects was used to provide data directly in the noise assessment where prediction methods are inadequate. NASA engine and aircraft system models were created to define the hybrid wing body aircraft concept as a twin engine aircraft with a 7500 nautical mile mission. The engines were modeled as existing technology, in production, bypass ratio seven turbofans. The baseline hybrid wing body aircraft was assessed at 26.4 dB cumulative below the FAA Stage 4 certification level. To determine the potential for noise reduction with relatively near term technologies, seven other configurations were assessed beginning with moving the engines two fan nozzle diameters upstream of the trailing edge and then adding technologies for reduction of the highest noise sources. Aft radiated noise was expected to be the most challenging to reduce and, therefore, the experimental database focused on jet nozzle and pylon configurations that could reduce jet noise through a combination of source reduction and shielding effectiveness. The best configuration for reduction of jet noise used state-of-the-art technology chevrons with a pylon above the engine in the crown position. This configuration resulted in jet source noise reduction, favorable azimuthal directivity, and noise source relocation upstream where it is more effectively shielded by the limited airframe surface, and additional fan noise attenuation from acoustic liner on the crown pylon internal surfaces. Vertical and elevon surfaces were also assessed to add shielding effectiveness. The elevon deflection above the trailing edge showed some small additional noise reduction whereas vertical surfaces resulted in a slight noise increase. With the effects of the configurations from the database included, the best available noise reduction was 41.5 dB cumulative. Projected effects from additional technologies were assessed for an advanced noise reduction configuration including landing gear fairings and advanced pylon and chevron nozzles. Incorporating the three additional technology improvements, an aircraft noise is projected of 42.9 dB cumulative below the Stage 4 level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - AIRFRAMES -- Testing
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 78110777; Thomas, Russell H. 1 Burley, Casey L. 1 Olson, Erik D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 461, Hampton, VA 23681 USA  2: Aeronautical Systems Analysis Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 442, Hampton, VA 23681 USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 11 Issue 3/4, p369; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES -- Testing; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Townshend, John R.
AU  - Masek, Jeffrey G.
AU  - Huang, Chengquan
AU  - Vermote, Eric F.
AU  - Gao, Feng
AU  - Channan, Saurabh
AU  - Sexton, Joseph O.
AU  - Feng, Min
AU  - Narasimhan, Raghuram
AU  - Kim, Dohyung
AU  - Song, Kuan
AU  - Song, Danxia
AU  - Song, Xiao-Peng
AU  - Noojipady, Praveen
AU  - Tan, Bin
AU  - Hansen, Matthew C.
AU  - Li, Mengxue
AU  - Wolfe, Robert E.
T1  - Global characterization and monitoring of forest cover using Landsat data: opportunities and challenges.
JO  - International Journal of Digital Earth
JF  - International Journal of Digital Earth
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
EP  - 397
SN  - 17538947
AB  - The compilation of global Landsat data-sets and the ever-lowering costs of computing now make it feasible to monitor the Earth's land cover at Landsat resolutions of 30 m. In this article, we describe the methods to create global products of forest cover and cover change at Landsat resolutions. Nevertheless, there are many challenges in ensuring the creation of high-quality products. And we propose various ways in which the challenges can be overcome. Among the challenges are the need for atmospheric correction, incorrect calibration coefficients in some of the data-sets, the different phenologies between compilations, the need for terrain correction, the lack of consistent reference data for training and accuracy assessment, and the need for highly automated characterization and change detection. We propose and evaluate the creation and use of surface reflectance products, improved selection of scenes to reduce phenological differences, terrain illumination correction, automated training selection, and the use of information extraction procedures robust to errors in training data along with several other issues. At several stages we use Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer data and products to assist our analysis. A global working prototype product of forest cover and forest cover change is included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Digital Earth is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST monitoring
KW  - LAND cover
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - UNITED States. Global Change Research Program
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - forest cover change
KW  - global mapping
KW  - global monitoring
KW  - land cover
KW  - Landsat
N1  - Accession Number: 79987861; Townshend, John R. 1; Email Address: jtownshe@umd.edu Masek, Jeffrey G. 2 Huang, Chengquan 1 Vermote, Eric F. 3 Gao, Feng 4 Channan, Saurabh 1 Sexton, Joseph O. 1 Feng, Min 1 Narasimhan, Raghuram 1 Kim, Dohyung 1 Song, Kuan 3 Song, Danxia 1 Song, Xiao-Peng 1 Noojipady, Praveen 1 Tan, Bin 2 Hansen, Matthew C. 3 Li, Mengxue 3 Wolfe, Robert E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Global Land Cover Facility, Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  4: USDA-ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Beltsville, MD, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 5 Issue 5, p373; Subject Term: FOREST monitoring; Subject Term: LAND cover; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: UNITED States. Global Change Research Program; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest cover change; Author-Supplied Keyword: global mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: global monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: land cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/17538947.2012.713190
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Neil Y.
AU  - Sridhar, Banavar
AU  - Ng, Hok K.
T1  - Tradeoff Between Contrail Reduction and Emissions in United States National Airspace.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1367
EP  - 1375
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes a class of strategies for reducing persistent contrail formation with the capability of trading off between contrails and aircraft-induced emissions. The concept of contrail-frequency index is defined and used to quantify the contrail activities. The contrail-reduction strategies reduce the contrail-frequency index by altering aircraft's cruising altitude with consideration to extra emissions. The strategies use a user-defined factor to trade off between contrail reduction and extra emissions. The analysis shows that contrails can be reduced with extra emissions and without adding congestion to airspace. For a day with high contrail activities, the results show that the maximal contrail-reduction strategy can achieve a contrail reduction of 88%. When a tradeoff factor is used, the strategy can achieve less contrail reduction while emitting less emissions compared to the maximal contrail-reduction strategy. The user-defined tradeoff factor provides a flexible way to trade off between contrail reduction and extra emissions. Better understanding of the tradeoffs between contrails and emissions and their impact on the climate need to be developed to fully use this class of contrail-reduction strategies. The strategies provide a starting point for developing operational policies to reduce the impact of aviation on climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION trails
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AIRSPACE (International law)
KW  - EMISSIONS trading
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 82669796; Chen, Neil Y. 1,2 Sridhar, Banavar 3,4 Ng, Hok K. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Research Aerospace Engineer, Systems Modeling and Optimization Branch, MS 210-10, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Senior Scientist for Air Transportation Systems, Aviation Systems Division, MS 210-10, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  4: Fellow AIAA  5: Senior Software Engineer, University Affiliated Research Center, MS 210-8, University of California, Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  6: Member AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p1367; Subject Term: CONDENSATION trails; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AIRSPACE (International law); Subject Term: EMISSIONS trading; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031680
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
AU  - Yost, William T.
T1  - Energy conservation and pulse propagation in an elastic medium with quadratic nonlinearity.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 112
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 053507
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - A sinusoidal acoustic tone-burst launched into an elastic medium with weak quadratic nonlinearity is shown to generate a right-triangular static displacement pulse, when conservation of energy is properly imposed on the model equations. The right-triangular displacement profile is shown to occur whether the tone-burst is modeled with displacement-prescribed or traction-prescribed boundary conditions. Definitive experimental evidence is presented confirming the model predictions. Theoretical arguments and experimental evidence are also presented showing that, contrary to the assertion of Qu et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 1827 (2012)], the right-triangular shape is not in violation of causality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - ENERGY conservation
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
N1  - Accession Number: 80228676; Cantrell, John H. 1 Yost, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Research Directorate, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 112 Issue 5, p053507; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: ENERGY conservation; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4748963
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sekula, Martin K.
AU  - Piatak, David J.
AU  - Rausch, Russ D.
T1  - Analysis of Ares Crew Launch Vehicle Transonic Alternating Flow Phenomenon.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 788
EP  - 797
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A wind-tunnel test of the Ares I-X rigid buffet model identified unusually large buffet loads. These loads were produced by an alternating flow phenomenon at the crew-module/service-module junction. The conical design of the Ares I-X crew module and the cylindrical design of the service module expose the vehicle to unsteady pressure loads due to the sudden transition between a subsonic separated and a supersonic attached flow about the cone-cylinder junction as the local flow randomly fluctuates back and forth between the two flow states. These fluctuations produce a square-wave-like pattern in the pressure-time histories, resulting in large-amplitude impulsive buffet loads. Subsequent testing of the Ares I rigid buffet model found lower buffet loads because the evolved Ares I design includes an ogive fairing that covers the crew-module/service-module junction, thereby making the vehicle less susceptible to the onset of alternating flow. An analysis of the phenomenon indicates that it is most severe at low angles of attack and exacerbated by the presence of vehicle protuberances. A comparison of impulsive loads derived from wind-tunnel and flight-test data for the Ares I-X indicates significant overpredictions in magnitude and duration of the buffet load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 82443874; Sekula, Martin K. 1 Piatak, David J. 1 Rausch, Russ D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p788; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32154
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443874&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piatak, David J.
AU  - Sekula, Martin K.
AU  - Rausch, Russ D.
T1  - Ares Launch Vehicle Transonic Buffet Testing and Analysis Techniques.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 798
EP  - 807
SN  - 00224650
AB  - It is necessary to define the launch vehicle buffet loads to ensure that launch vehicle structural components and subsystems possess adequate strength, stress, and fatigue margins when the vehicle structural dynamic response to these buffet loads is considered. A buffet wind-tunnel test program was developed for the Ares Crew Launch Vehicle and employed 3.5% scale rigid models of the Ares I and Ares I-X launch vehicles. These models were tested at transonic conditions at the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center and each was instrumented with 256 unsteady pressure transducers to measure the buffet environment across the desired frequency range. The deliverable of the Ares buffet test program was full-scale buffet forcing functions derived from integrating the measured fluctuating pressures on these rigid wind-tunnel models. These buffet forcing functions were then used as input to a multimode structural analysis to determine the vehicle response to buffet and the resulting buffet loads and accelerations. This paper discusses the development of the Ares I and I-X rigid buffet model test programs from the standpoint of model design, instrumentation system design, test implementation, and data analysis techniques to yield final products, and then presents normalized sectional buffet forcing function root-mean-squared levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82443875; Piatak, David J. 1 Sekula, Martin K. 1 Rausch, Russ D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p798; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32175
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443875&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hanke, Jeremy L.
T1  - Detailed Uncertainty Analysis of the Ares IA106 Liftoff/Transition Database.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 808
EP  - 821
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Ares I A 106 LiftoffyTransition Force and Moment Aerodynamics Database modeled the aerodynamics of the Ares I crew launch vehicle from the moment of liftoff through the transition from high to low total angles of attack and included the effects of the launch tower on the vehicle aerodynamics. The database was developed from wind-tunnel data acquired in NASA Langley Research Center's 14- by 22-Foot Subsonic Wind Tunnel using a 1.75 % scale model of the vehicle and tower assembly. The uncertainty model contained contributions from three primary sources: experimental uncertainty, database modeling uncertainty, and database query interpolation uncertainty. The uncertainty for each source was quantified using the available data, and the total uncertainty was a root-sum-square combination of the three sources. The most significant uncertainty source was experimental uncertainty. The database and uncertainty model yielded significant improvements in the fidelity of the aerodynamic predictions for this flight regime over previous estimates based on limited computational and empirical data for the Ares I-X flight test vehicle. In addition, the maximum aerodynamic force in a dispersed case pushing the vehicle toward the launch tower assembly was 40% lower than the worst-case estimate from the previous data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82443876; Hanke, Jeremy L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p808; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32291
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443876&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piatak, David J.
AU  - Sekula, Martin K.
AU  - Rausch, Russ D.
T1  - Comparison of Ares I-X Wind-Tunnel-Derived Buffet Environment with Flight Data.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 822
EP  - 833
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Ares I-X flight-test vehicle, launched in October 2009, carried with it 243 buffet-verification pressure sensors and was one of the most heavily instrumented launch-vehicle flight tests ever conducted. This flight test represented a unique opportunity for NASA and its partners to compare the wind-tunnel-derived buffet environment with that measured during the flight of Ares I-X. This paper discusses the comparison of these wind-tunnel-derived and flight-test-measured buffet environments, including fluctuating pressure coefficient and normalized sectional buffet-forcing-function root-mean-square magnitudes, frequency content of power-spectral-density functions, and force magnitudes of an alternating flow phenomena. Comparison of wind-tunnel-model and flight-test-vehicle buffet environments showed very good agreement with root-mean-square magnitudes of buffet-forcing functions at the majority of vehicle stations. Spectra proved a challenge to compare because of different wind-tunnel and flight-test conditions and data acquisition rates; however, meaningful and promising comparisons of buffet spectra are presented. Lastly, the buffet loads resulting from the transition of subsonic separated flow to supersonic attached flow were significantly overpredicted by wind-tunnel results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- United States
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - SUBSONIC flow
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82443877; Piatak, David J. 1 Sekula, Martin K. 1 Rausch, Russ D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p822; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- United States; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32176
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443877&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pinier, Jeremy T.
T1  - New Aerodynamic Data Dispersion Method with Application to Launch Vehicle Design.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 834
EP  - 841
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper describes a new generalized method for implementing aerodynamic data dispersions in the framework of Monte Carlo flight simulations. As opposed to the traditional pure-bias type dispersion methods, the new proposed model is a general mathematical approach based on truncated Fourier series that, when combined with physical modeling tailored to the aerodynamic quantity of interest, enables the generation of more realistically dispersed data with magnitude, phase, slope variations, and a controlled amount of bias. The new method is also presented in a particular example, as applied to the Ares I-X Flight-Test Vehicle and the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle rolling moment data. It is shown how the adoption and implementation of this new method within these projects has resulted in significant increases in predicted roll control authority and has lowered the induced risks for flight-test operations. A direct impact on launch vehicles is a reduced size for auxiliary control systems and the possibility of an increased payload. This technique has the potential of being applied to problems in multiple areas where nominal data together with uncertainties are used to produce simulations using Monte Carlo type random sampling methods. It is shown that physics-based dispersion models, together with nominal data and uncertainties, can make flight simulations more realistic and allow for leaner spacecraft designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - FLIGHT simulators
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 82443878; Pinier, Jeremy T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p834; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: FLIGHT simulators; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32219
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443878&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pinier, Jeremy T.
T1  - Ares I and Ares I-X Stage Separation Aerodynamic Testing.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 842
EP  - 852
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The aerodynamics of the Ares I Crew Launch Vehicle and Ares I-X Flight-Test Vehicle during stage separation was characterized by testing 1%-scale models at the Arnold Engineering Development Center's Von Karman Gas Dynamics Facility Tunnel A at Mach numbers of 4.5 and 5.5. To fill a large matrix of data points in an efficient manner, an injection system supported the upper stage and a captive trajectory system was used as a support system for the first stage located downstream of the upper stage. In an overall very successful and productive test, this complex experimental setup, in conjunction with advanced postprocessing of the wind-tunnel data, has enabled the construction of a multidimensional aerodynamic database for the analysis and simulation of the critical phase of stage separation at high supersonic Mach numbers. Historical data are not readily available for comparison on this type of vehicle and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational solutions remain far from being a reliable source of static aerodynamic data for this complex flowfield. Therefore, an extensive set of data from repeated wind-tunnel runs was purposefully obtained to ensure that the experimental uncertainty would be accurately quantified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MACH number
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - ARNOLD Engineering Development Center
N1  - Accession Number: 82443879; Pinier, Jeremy T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p842; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Company/Entity: ARNOLD Engineering Development Center; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32220
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443879&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pinier, Jeremy T.
AU  - Hanke, Jeremy L.
AU  - Tomek, William G.
T1  - Ares I Aerodynamic Testing at the Boeing Polysonic Wind Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 853
EP  - 863
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Throughout three full design analysis cycles, the Ares I Project within the Constellation Program has consistently relied on the Boeing Polysonic Wind Tunnel for aerodynamic testing of the subsonic, transonic, and supersonic portions of the atmospheric flight envelope (Mach = 0.5 to 4.5). Each full design cycle required the development of aerodynamic databases for the six-degree-of-freedom forces and moments, as well as distributed line loads databases covering the full range of Mach number, total angle of attack, and aerodynamic roll angle. The high-fidelity data collected in this facility have been consistent with the data collected in NASA Langley's Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at the overlapping condition of Mach = 1.6. Much insight into the aerodynamic behavior of the launch vehicle during all phases of flight was gained through wind-tunnel testing. Important knowledge pertaining to slender launch vehicle aerodynamics in particular was accumulated, including the rolling moment mitigation effect of aerodynamic strakes, when placed judiciously, as well as the impacts of shock reflection on these types of vehicles at transonic conditions. In conducting these wind-tunnel tests and developing experimental aerodynamic databases, some challenges with model scale, pressure measurement lags, and temperature gradients were encountered. These are reported as lessons learned in this paper for the benefit of future launch vehicle aerodynamic developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82443880; Pinier, Jeremy T. 1 Hanke, Jeremy L. 1 Tomek, William G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p853; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32221
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443880&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pamadi, Bandu N.
AU  - Jing Pei
AU  - Pinier, Jeremy T.
AU  - Holland, Scott D.
AU  - Covell, Peter F.
AU  - Klopfer, Goetz H.
T1  - Aerodynamic Analyses and Database Development for Ares I Vehicle First-Stage Separation.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 864
EP  - 874
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper presents the aerodynamic analysis and database development for the first-stage separation of the Ares I A106 Crew Launch Vehicle configuration. Separate databases were created for the first stage and upper stage. Each database consists of three components: isolated or freestream coefficients, power-off proximity increments, and power-on proximity increments. The power-on database consists of three parts, all plumes firing at nominal conditions, the one booster deceleration motor out condition, and the one ullage settling motor out condition. The isolated and power-off incremental databases were developed using wind-tunnel test data. The power-on proximity increments were developed using computational fluid dynamics solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - INCREMENTAL motion control
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 82443881; Pamadi, Bandu N. 1; Email Address: Bandu.N.Pamadi@nasa.gov Jing Pei 1; Email Address: Jing.Pei-1@nasa.gov Pinier, Jeremy T. 1; Email Address: T.Pinier@nasa.gov Holland, Scott D. 1 Covell, Peter F. 1; Email Address: Peter.F.Covell@nasa.gov Klopfer, Goetz H. 2; Email Address: Goetz.H.Klopfer@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p864; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: INCREMENTAL motion control; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32247
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443881&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, S.
T1  - Solar Tower Radiation Testing of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 889
EP  - 893
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Sandia National Laboratory's National Solar Tower Thermal Test Facility was used to irradiate specimens of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator to evaluate whether or not this thermal protection material would exhibit in-depth transmission and absorption, and therefore would respond differently to potential shock-layer radiative heating than to convective heating. Tests were run at 50, 100, and 150 W/cm² levels of concentrated solar radiation. Experimental results are presented both from spectral measurements on thin radiation transport test specimens, as well as from in-depth temperature measurements. Both spectral measurements and measured in-depth temperature profiles showed that, although it is a porous low-density material, this material did not exhibit problematic transmission or in-depth absorption at the tested high levels of near-infrared radiation, for all pragmatic centimeter-to-inch scale thicknesses. This low-density carbon-fiber-based ablator functioned as a surface absorber to efficiently absorb the incident visible and near infrared incident radiation in the top 2 mm layer at radiative flux levels up to 150 W/cm². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - CARBON
KW  - SANDIA National Laboratories
N1  - Accession Number: 82443883; White, S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p889; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: CARBON; Company/Entity: SANDIA National Laboratories; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443883&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milos, F. S.
AU  - Chen, Y.-K.
AU  - Gokçen, T.
T1  - Nonequilibrium Ablation of Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 894
EP  - 904
SN  - 00224650
AB  - In previous work, an equilibrium ablation and thermal response model for Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator was developed. In general, over a wide range of test conditions, model predictions compared well with arcjet data for surface recession, surface temperature, in-depth temperature at multiple thermocouples, and char depth. In this work, additional arcjet tests were conducted at stagnation conditions down to 40 W/cm² and 1.6 kPa. The new data suggest that nonequilibrium effects become important for ablation predictions at heat flux or pressure below about 80 W/cm² or 10 kPa, respectively. Modifications to the ablation model to account for nonequilibrium effects are investigated. Predictions of the equilibrium and nonequilibrium models are compared with the arcjet data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - THERMOCOUPLES
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SURFACE energy
N1  - Accession Number: 82443884; Milos, F. S. 1 Chen, Y.-K. 1 Gokçen, T. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: ELORET Corporation, Sunnyvale, California 94086; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p894; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: THERMOCOUPLES; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32298
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443884&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coleman, Michael J.
AU  - Baginski, Frank
AU  - Romanofsky, Robert R.
T1  - Effect of Boundary Support and Reflector Dimensions on Inflatable Parabolic Antenna Performance.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 905
EP  - 914
SN  - 00224650
AB  - For parabolic antennas with sufficient surface accuracy, more power can be radiated with a larger aperture size. This paper explores the performance of antennas of various size and reflector depth. The particular focus is on a large inflatable elastic antenna reflector that is supported about its perimeter by a set of elastic tendons and is subjected to a constant hydrostatic pressure. The surface accuracy of the antenna is measured by an rms calculation, whereas the reflector phase error component of the efficiency is determined by computing the power density at boresight. In the analysis, the calculation of antenna efficiency is not based on the Ruze Equation. Hence, no assumption regarding the distribution of the reflector surface distortions is presumed. The reflector surface is modeled as an isotropic elastic membrane using a linear stress-strain constitutive relation. Three types of antenna reflector construction are considered: one molded to an ideal parabolic form and two different flat panel design patterns. The flat panel surfaces are constructed by seaming together panels in a manner that the desired parabolic shape is approximately attained after pressurization. Numerical solutions of the model problem are calculated under a variety of conditions to estimate the accuracy and efficiency of these antenna systems. In the case of the flat panel constructions, several different cutting patterns are analyzed to determine an optimal cutting strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHTING reflectors
KW  - SATELLITE dish antennas
KW  - APERTURE antennas
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - ELASTICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 82443885; Coleman, Michael J. 1; Email Address: mikec8254@gmail.com Baginski, Frank 1; Email Address: baginski@gwu.edu Romanofsky, Robert R. 2; Email Address: robert.r.romanofsky@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p905; Subject Term: LIGHTING reflectors; Subject Term: SATELLITE dish antennas; Subject Term: APERTURE antennas; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jegley, Dawn C.
AU  - Wu, K. Chauncey
AU  - Phelps, James E.
AU  - McKenney, Martin J.
AU  - Oremont, Leonard
T1  - Structural Efficiency of Composite Struts for Aerospace Applications.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 915
EP  - 924
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The structural efficiency of carbon-epoxy tapered struts is evaluated through trade studies, detailed analysis, manufacturing, and experimentation. Because some of the Altair lunar lander struts are more highly loaded than struts used in applications such as satellites and telescopes, the primary focus of the effort is on these highly loaded struts. Lunar lander requirements include that the strut has to be tapered on both ends, complicating the design and limiting the manufacturing process. Optimal ply stacking sequences, geometries, and materials are determined and the sensitivity of the strut weight to each parameter is evaluated. The trade study results indicate that the most efficient carbon-epoxy struts are 30% lighter than the most efficient aluminum-lithium struts. Structurally efficient, highly loaded struts were fabricated and loaded in tension and compression to determine if they met the design requirements and to verify the accuracy of the analyses. Experimental evaluation of some of these struts demonstrated that they could meet the greatest Altair loading requirements in both tension and compression. These results could be applied to other mass-constrained vehicles requiring struts with high loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - STRUTS (Engineering)
KW  - CARBON steel
KW  - ALUMINUM compounds
KW  - LITHIUM
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
N1  - Accession Number: 82443886; Jegley, Dawn C. 1 Wu, K. Chauncey 1 Phelps, James E. 2 McKenney, Martin J. 2 Oremont, Leonard 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: ATK Space Systems Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Lockheed Martin Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p915; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: STRUTS (Engineering); Subject Term: CARBON steel; Subject Term: ALUMINUM compounds; Subject Term: LITHIUM; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32085
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bilimoria, Karl D.
AU  - Mueller, Eric R.
T1  - Handling Qualities of a Capsule Spacecraft During Atmospheric Entry.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/09//Sep/Oct2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 935
EP  - 943
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A piloted simulation was conducted to study handling qualities for capsule spacecraft entering the Earth's atmosphere. Eight evaluation pilots, including six pilot astronauts, provided Cooper-Harper ratings, workload ratings, and qualitative comments. The simulation began after descending through the atmospheric entry interface point and continued until the drogue parachutes deployed. There were two categories of piloting tasks, both of which required bank-angle control. In one task category the pilot followed a closed-loop bank-angle guidance command computed by the backup entry guidance system to manage g-loads during entry. In the other task category the pilot used intuitive rules to determine the desired bank angle independently based on an open-loop guidance schedule of vertical speed, Mach, and total energy specified at several range-to-target gates along the entry trajectory. Pilots were able to accurately track the bank-angle guidance commands and steered the capsule toward the recovery site with essentially the same range error as the benchmark autopilot trajectory albeit with substantially higher propellant usage, and the handling qualities for this task were satisfactory. Another key result was that the complex piloting task of atmospheric entry could be performed satisfactorily, even in the presence of large dispersions, by controlling bank angle to follow a simple open-loop guidance schedule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Piloting
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Aerodynamics
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Maneuverability
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
N1  - Accession Number: 82443888; Bilimoria, Karl D. 1; Email Address: Karl.Bilimoria@nasa.gov Mueller, Eric R. 1; Email Address: Eric.Mueller@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Sep/Oct2012, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p935; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Piloting; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Maneuverability; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32101
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82443888&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hilton, M.
AU  - Conselice, C. J.
AU  - Roseboom, I. G.
AU  - Burgarella, D.
AU  - Buat, V.
AU  - Berta, S.
AU  - Béthermin, M.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Chapman, S. C.
AU  - Clements, D. L.
AU  - Conley, A.
AU  - Conversi, L.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Farrah, D.
AU  - Ibar, E.
AU  - Magdis, G.
AU  - Magnelli, B.
AU  - Marsden, G.
AU  - Nordon, R.
AU  - Oliver, S. J.
T1  - Herschel observations of a z∼ 2 stellar mass selected galaxy sample drawn from the GOODS NICMOS Survey.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 425
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 540
EP  - 555
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present a study of the far-infrared (IR) properties of a stellar mass selected sample of 1.5 < z < 3 galaxies with log ( M*/M⊙) > 9.5 drawn from the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) Survey (GNS), the deepest H-band Hubble Space Telescope survey of its type prior to the installation of Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3). We use far-IR and submm data from the Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) instruments on-board Herschel, taken from the PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) and Herschel Multi-Tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) key projects, respectively. We find a total of 22 GNS galaxies, with median log ( M*/M⊙) = 10.8 and z = 2.0, associated with 250 μm sources detected with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) > 3. We derive mean total IR luminosity log  LIR(L⊙) = 12.36 ± 0.05 and corresponding star formation rate (SFR)IR + UV = (280 ± 40) M⊙ yr−1 for these objects, and find them to have mean dust temperature Tdust ≈ 35 K. We find that the SFR derived from the far-IR photometry combined with ultraviolet (UV)-based estimates of unobscured SFR for these galaxies is on average more than a factor of 2 higher than the SFR derived from extinction-corrected UV emission alone, although we note that the IR-based estimate is subject to substantial Malmquist bias. To mitigate the effect of this bias and extend our study to fainter fluxes, we perform a stacking analysis to measure the mean SFR in bins of stellar mass. We obtain detections at the 2-4σ level at SPIRE wavelengths for samples with log ( M*/M⊙) > 10. In contrast to the Herschel detected GNS galaxies, we find that estimates of SFRIR + UV for the stacked samples are comparable to those derived from extinction-corrected UV emission, although the uncertainties are large. We find evidence for an increasing fraction of dust obscured star formation with stellar mass, finding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - OPTICAL spectrometers
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - galaxies: high-redshift
KW  - galaxies: star formation
KW  - galaxies: starburst
KW  - infrared: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 79121033; Hilton, M. 1 Conselice, C. J. 1 Roseboom, I. G. 2,3 Burgarella, D. 4 Buat, V. 4 Berta, S. 5 Béthermin, M. 6,7 Bock, J. 8,9 Chapman, S. C. 10 Clements, D. L. 11 Conley, A. 12 Conversi, L. 13 Cooray, A. 8,14 Farrah, D. 2,15 Ibar, E. 16 Magdis, G. 17 Magnelli, B. 5 Marsden, G. 18 Nordon, R. 5 Oliver, S. J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astronomy and Particle Theory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham  2: Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory  4: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-marseille  5: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)  6: Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu - CNRS - Université Paris Diderot  7: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), bâtiment 121, Université Paris-Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617)  8: California Institute of Technology  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  10: Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge  11: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory  12: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, University of Colorado  13: Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre  14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California  15: Department of Physics, Virginia Tech  16: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory  17: Department of Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford  18: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 425 Issue 1, p540; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectrometers; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: high-redshift; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: star formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: starburst; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21499.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GREENE, CHARLES H.
AU  - MONGER, BRUCE C.
AU  - McGARRY, LOUISE P.
AU  - CONNELLY, MATTHEW D.
AU  - SCHNEPF, NEESHA R.
AU  - PERSHING, ANDREW J.
AU  - BELKIN, IGOR M.
AU  - FRATANTONI, PAULA S.
AU  - MOUNTAIN, DAVID G.
AU  - PICKART, ROBERT S.
AU  - JI, RUBAO
AU  - BISAGNI, JAMES J.
AU  - CHANGSHENG CHEN
AU  - HAKKINEN, SIRPA M.A.
AU  - HAIDVOGEL, DALE B.
AU  - JIA WANG
AU  - HEAD, ERICA
AU  - SMITH, PETER
AU  - CONVERSI, ALESSANDRA
T1  - Recent Arctic Climate Change and Its Remote Forcing of Northwest Atlantic Shelf Ecosystems.
JO  - Oceanography
JF  - Oceanography
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 208
EP  - 213
SN  - 10428275
AB  - During recent decades, historically unprecedented changes have been observed in the Arctic as climate warming has increased precipitation, river discharge, and glacial as well as sea ice melting. Additionally, shifts in the Arctic's atmospheric pressure field have altered surface winds, ocean circulation, and freshwater storage in the Beaufort Gyre. These processes have resulted in variable patterns of freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean, including the emergence of great salinity anomalies propagating throughout the North Atlantic. Here, we link these variable patterns of freshwater export from the Arctic Ocean to the regime shifts observed in Northwest Atlantic shelf ecosystems. Specifically, we hypothesize that the corresponding salinity anomalies, both negative and positive, alter the timing and extent of water-column stratification, thereby impacting the production and seasonal cycles of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and higher-trophic-level consumers. Should this hypothesis hold up to critical evaluation, it has the potential to fundamentally alter our current understanding of the processes forcing the dynamics of Northwest Atlantic shelf ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oceanography is the property of Oceanography Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ICE shelves
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - OCEAN circulation
KW  - SALINITY
KW  - PHYTOPLANKTON
KW  - ARCTIC regions
N1  - Accession Number: 84204299; GREENE, CHARLES H. 1; Email Address: chg2@cornell.edu MONGER, BRUCE C. 2 McGARRY, LOUISE P. 3 CONNELLY, MATTHEW D. SCHNEPF, NEESHA R. 3 PERSHING, ANDREW J. 4,5 BELKIN, IGOR M. 6 FRATANTONI, PAULA S. 7 MOUNTAIN, DAVID G. PICKART, ROBERT S. 8 JI, RUBAO 9 BISAGNI, JAMES J. 10 CHANGSHENG CHEN 10 HAKKINEN, SIRPA M.A. 11 HAIDVOGEL, DALE B. 12 JIA WANG 13 HEAD, ERICA 14 SMITH, PETER 15 CONVERSI, ALESSANDRA 16,17,18; Affiliation:  1: Director, Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA  2: Senior Research Associate, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Cornell university, Ithaca, NY, USA  3: Ocean Resources and Ecosystems Program, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA  4: Research Scientist, Gulf of Maine Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA  5: School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA  6: Marine Research Scientist, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA  7: Research Oceanographer, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA  8: Senior Scientist, Department of Physical Oceanography, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA  9: Associate Scientist, Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA  10: Professor, School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA  11: Research Oceanographer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  12: Professor, Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA  13: Research Scientist, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, NOAA, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA  14: Biological oceanographer, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada  15: Senior Researcher, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, NS, Canada  16: Senior Researcher, Marine Sciences Institute, Italian National Research Council, La Spezia, Italy  17: Marine Institute, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK  18: Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, Plymouth, UK; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p208; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ICE shelves; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: OCEAN circulation; Subject Term: SALINITY; Subject Term: PHYTOPLANKTON; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Rodríguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Glacial paleoenvironments on Mars revealed by the paucity of hydrated silicates in the Noachian crust of the Northern Lowlands
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 70
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 126
EP  - 133
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Hydrated silicates occur widespread in thousands of locations in the Martian Noachian-aged southern highlands. If an ocean existed on the northern lowlands of Mars during the Noachian, phyllosilicates are likewise expected to be present in the primeval crust of the Martian plains, since on Earth they are common products of continental fluvial transportation and oceanic sedimentation. Here we analyze data from spaceborne imaging spectrometers searching for Noachian Mg/Al-phyllosilicates in 198 impact craters in the northern lowlands of Mars, as impact-excavated materials have already been demonstrated as qualifying samples of preexisting subsurface deposits. Our results indicate that only 15 impact craters in the Martian lowlands show evidence of excavated Mg/Al-phyllosilicates (<10%, consistent with previous estimates). We have also analyzed 88 craters in the highlands region located between −1000 and −3000m, and in this case the number of craters showing excavated Mg/Al-phyllosilicates was 64 (>70%). Therefore, hydrated silicates form a mineralogical dichotomy noticeable in the ancient Noachian crust on a global scale. This is indicative of little or no significant fluvial transportation of phyllosilicate-rich, southern highland materials into the northern basins. But the Noachian phyllosilicate-rich terrains in the southern highlands are heavily dissected by ∼80,000 valley networks, revealing sustained surface runoff expected to be efficient at remobilizing sediments into the northern plains. The presence of widespread ice masses rimming cold glacial Noachian oceans is a plausible explanation for the lack of large-scale phyllosilicate minerals in the primeval basement of the lowlands of Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - CRUST
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars ocean
KW  - Northern lowlands
KW  - Phyllosilicates
N1  - Accession Number: 78280177; Fairén, Alberto G. 1,2; Email Address: alberto.g.fairen@nasa.gov Davila, Alfonso F. 1,2 Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 3 Rodríguez, J. Alexis P. 4 McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, 189 N Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99163, USA  4: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 70 Issue 1, p126; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: CRUST; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Northern lowlands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phyllosilicates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leifer, Ira
AU  - Lehr, William J.
AU  - Simecek-Beatty, Debra
AU  - Bradley, Eliza
AU  - Clark, Roger
AU  - Dennison, Philip
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Matheson, Scott
AU  - Jones, Cathleen E.
AU  - Holt, Benjamin
AU  - Reif, Molly
AU  - Roberts, Dar A.
AU  - Svejkovsky, Jan
AU  - Swayze, Gregg
AU  - Wozencraft, Jennifer
T1  - State of the art satellite and airborne marine oil spill remote sensing: Application to the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 185
EP  - 209
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The vast and persistent Deepwater Horizon (DWH) spill challenged response capabilities, which required accurate, quantitative oil assessment at synoptic and operational scales. Although experienced observers are a spill response''s mainstay, few trained observers and confounding factors including weather, oil emulsification, and scene illumination geometry present challenges. DWH spill and impact monitoring was aided by extensive airborne and spaceborne passive and active remote sensing. Oil slick thickness and oil-to-water emulsion ratios are key spill response parameters for containment/cleanup and were derived quantitatively for thick (>0.1mm) slicks from AVIRIS (Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer) data using a spectral library approach based on the shape and depth of near infrared spectral absorption features. MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite, visible-spectrum broadband data of surface-slick modulation of sunglint reflection allowed extrapolation to the total slick. A multispectral expert system used a neural network approach to provide Rapid Response thickness class maps. Airborne and satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides synoptic data under all-sky conditions; however, SAR generally cannot discriminate thick (>100μm) oil slicks from thin sheens (to 0.1μm). The UAVSAR''s (Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle SAR) significantly greater signal-to-noise ratio and finer spatial resolution allowed successful pattern discrimination related to a combination of oil slick thickness, fractional surface coverage, and emulsification. In situ burning and smoke plumes were studied with AVIRIS and corroborated spaceborne CALIPSO (Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) observations of combustion aerosols. CALIPSO and bathymetry lidar data documented shallow subsurface oil, although ancillary data were required for confirmation. Airborne hyperspectral, thermal infrared data have nighttime and overcast collection advantages and were collected as well as MODIS thermal data. However, interpretation challenges and a lack of Rapid Response Products prevented significant use. Rapid Response Products were key to response utilization—data needs are time critical; thus, a high technological readiness level is critical to operational use of remote sensing products. DWH''s experience demonstrated that development and operationalization of new spill response remote sensing tools must precede the next major oil spill. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010
KW  - AIRBORNE Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - SMOKE plumes
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - Airborne remote sensing
KW  - AVIRIS
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Deepwater Horizon
KW  - Expert system
KW  - False positives
KW  - Fire
KW  - Hyperspectral
KW  - Laser fluorescence
KW  - Lidar
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Multispectral
KW  - Near infrared
KW  - Oil slick thickness
KW  - Oil spill
KW  - Oil water emulsions
KW  - Operational readiness
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Spill response
KW  - Synthetic aperture radar
KW  - Technology readiness
KW  - Thermal infrared
KW  - UAVSAR
KW  - Visible spectrum
N1  - Accession Number: 78340020; Leifer, Ira 1; Email Address: Ira.Leifer@bubbleology.com Lehr, William J. 2 Simecek-Beatty, Debra 2 Bradley, Eliza 3 Clark, Roger 4 Dennison, Philip 5 Hu, Yongxiang 6 Matheson, Scott 5 Jones, Cathleen E. 7 Holt, Benjamin 7 Reif, Molly 8 Roberts, Dar A. 3 Svejkovsky, Jan 9 Swayze, Gregg 4 Wozencraft, Jennifer 8; Affiliation:  1: Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States  2: NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, Seattle, WA, United States  3: Geography Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, United States  4: US Geological Survey, Denver, United States  5: Department of Geography and Center for Natural and Technological Hazards, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States  8: US Army Corp of Engineers, Kiln MS, United States  9: Ocean Imaging Corporation, Solana Beach, CA, United States; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 124, p185; Subject Term: BP Deepwater Horizon Explosion & Oil Spill, 2010; Subject Term: AIRBORNE Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: SMOKE plumes; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVIRIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deepwater Horizon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expert system; Author-Supplied Keyword: False positives; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multispectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil slick thickness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil spill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oil water emulsions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operational readiness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spill response; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synthetic aperture radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Technology readiness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: UAVSAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visible spectrum; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.03.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78340020&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Corp, Lawrence A.
AU  - Dandois, Jonathan
AU  - Kustas, William P.
T1  - The photochemical reflectance index from directional cornfield reflectances: Observations and simulations
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 453
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: The two-layer Markov chain Analytical Canopy Reflectance Model (ACRM) was linked with in situ hyperspectral leaf optical properties to simulate the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) for a corn crop canopy at three different growth stages. This is an extended study after a successful demonstration of PRI simulations for a cornfield previously conducted at an early vegetative growth stage. Consistent with previous in situ studies, sunlit leaves exhibited lower PRI values than shaded leaves. Since sunlit (shaded) foliage dominates the canopy in the reflectance hotspot (coldspot), the canopy PRI derived from field hyperspectral observations displayed sensitivity to both view zenith angle and relative azimuth angle at all growth stages. Consequently, sunlit and shaded canopy sectors were most differentiated when viewed along the azimuth matching the solar principal plane. These directional PRI responses associated with sunlit/shaded foliage were successfully reproduced by the ACRM. As before, the simulated PRI values from the current study were closer to in situ values when both sunlit and shaded leaves were utilized as model input data in a two-layer mode, instead of a one-layer mode with sunlit leaves only. Model performance as judged by correlation between in situ and simulated values was strongest for the mature corn crop (r=0.87, RMSE=0.0048), followed by the early vegetative stage (r=0.78; RMSE=0.0051) and the early senescent stage (r=0.65; RMSE=0.0104). Since the benefit of including shaded leaves in the scheme varied across different growth stages, a further analysis was conducted to investigate how variable fractions of sunlit/shaded leaves affect the canopy PRI values expected for a cornfield, with implications for remote sensing monitoring options. Simulations of the sunlit to shaded canopy ratio near 50/50±10 (e.g., 60/40) matching field observations at all growth stages were examined. Our results suggest the importance of the sunlit/shaded fraction and canopy structure in understanding and interpreting PRI. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - SPECULAR reflectance
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - ZENITH distance
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Cornfield
KW  - Hyperspectral
KW  - Photochemical reflectance index (PRI)
KW  - Two-layer Analytical Canopy Reflectance Model (ACRM)
N1  - Accession Number: 78340044; Cheng, Yen-Ben 1; Email Address: Yen-Ben.Cheng@nasa.gov Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2 Zhang, Qingyuan 3 Corp, Lawrence A. 4 Dandois, Jonathan 5 Kustas, William P. 6; Affiliation:  1: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., Laurel, MD 20707, USA  2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Unversities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  4: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  5: Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 124, p444; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SPECULAR reflectance; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: ZENITH distance; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cornfield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemical reflectance index (PRI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-layer Analytical Canopy Reflectance Model (ACRM); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.05.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Narkawicz, Anthony
AU  - Muñoz, César
AU  - Dowek, Gilles
T1  - Provably correct conflict prevention bands algorithms
JO  - Science of Computer Programming
JF  - Science of Computer Programming
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 77
IS  - 10/11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1039
EP  - 1057
SN  - 01676423
AB  - Abstract: In air traffic management, a pairwise conflict is a predicted loss of separation between two aircraft, referred to as the ownship and the intruder. A conflict prevention bands system displays ranges of maneuvers for the ownship that characterize regions in the airspace that are either conflict-free or “don’t go” zones that the ownship has to avoid. Errors in the calculation of prevention bands may result in incorrect separation assurance information being displayed to pilots or air traffic controllers. Algorithms that compute conflict prevention bands are surprisingly difficult to formalize and verify. This paper presents a method for the analysis and verification of prevention bands algorithms. The method, which has been implemented in the Prototype Verification System (PVS), is illustrated with a provably correct 3-dimensional (3D) prevention bands algorithm for track angle maneuvers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Science of Computer Programming is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - COMPUTER programming
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - Air traffic management
KW  - Formal verification
KW  - Theorem proving
N1  - Accession Number: 76312645; Narkawicz, Anthony 1 Muñoz, César 1; Email Address: cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov Dowek, Gilles 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  2: École Polytechnique, France; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 77 Issue 10/11, p1039; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: COMPUTER programming; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Air traffic management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formal verification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Theorem proving; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541519 Other Computer Related Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scico.2011.07.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=76312645&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Acar, E.
AU  - Basaran, B.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Superelastic response and damping capacity of ultrahigh-strength [111]-oriented NiTiHfPd single crystals
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 67
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 447
EP  - 450
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The superelastic behavior of an NiTiHfPd single-crystal shape memory alloy in compression along the [111] orientation was investigated as a function of temperature. In the range of −30 to 70°C, a perfect superelastic loop with 4.2% transformation strain was attained. In addition, this material exhibited an ultrahigh yield strength of more than 2500MPa and an exceptional damping capacity of 44Jcm−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - Compression test
KW  - Damping
KW  - High-strength shape memory alloys
KW  - Phase transformation
KW  - Shape memory alloys (SMAs)
N1  - Accession Number: 77966965; Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Acar, E. 1 Basaran, B. 1,2 Noebe, R.D. 3 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77024, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Siberian Physical–Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 67 Issue 5, p447; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compression test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-strength shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys (SMAs); NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.05.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - New Meteor Showers Discovered.
JO  - Sky & Telescope
JF  - Sky & Telescope
Y1  - 2012/09//
VL  - 124
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 25
SN  - 00376604
AB  - The author discusses the Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance (CAMS) project, which has identified new meteor showers and confirmed previously questionable ones. He mentions how the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) planet-astronomy program has supported the CAMS project. Ways in which data are analyzed at several video stations and observatories are described. Tools that enable individuals to run their own single-camera CAMS station are also cited.
KW  - METEOR showers
KW  - METEORS
KW  - VIDEO surveillance
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 79552768; Jenniskens, Peter 1; Affiliation:  1: Meteor researcher, SETI Institute and NASA/Ames Research Center; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 124 Issue 3, p20; Subject Term: METEOR showers; Subject Term: METEORS; Subject Term: VIDEO surveillance; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wennberg, Paul O.
AU  - Mui, Wilton
AU  - Wunch, Debra
AU  - Kort, Eric A.
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Atlas, Elliot L.
AU  - Santoni, Gregory W.
AU  - Wofsy, Steven C.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Seongeun Jeong
AU  - Fischer, Marc L.
T1  - On The Sources of Methane to the Los Angeles Atmosphere.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2012/09/04/
VL  - 46
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 9282
EP  - 9289
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We use historical and new atmospheric trace gas observations to refine the estimated source of methane (CH4) emitted into California's South Coast Air Basin (the larger Los Angeles metropolitan region). Referenced to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) CO emissions inventory, total CH4 emissions are 0.44 ± 0.15 Tg each year. To investigate the possible contribution of fossil fuel emissions, we use ambient air observations of methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), and carbon monoxide (CO), together with measured C2H6 to CH4 enhancement ratios in the Los Angeles natural gas supply. The observed atmospheric C2H6 to CH4 ratio during the ARCTAS (2008) and CalNex (2010) aircraft campaigns is similar to the ratio of these gases in the natural gas supplied to the basin during both these campaigns. Thus, at the upper limit (assuming that the only major source of atmospheric C2H6 is fugitive emissions from the natural gas infrastructure) these data are consistent with the attribution of most (0.39 ± 0.15 Tg yr-1) of the excess CH4 in the basin to uncombusted losses from the natural gas system (approximately 2.5-6% of natural gas delivered to basin customers). However, there are other sources of C2H6 in the region. In particular, emissions of C2H6 (and CH4) from natural gas seeps as well as those associated with petroleum production, both of which are poorly known, will reduce the inferred contribution of the natural gas infrastructure to the total CH4 emissions, potentially significantly. This study highlights both the value and challenges associated with the use of ethane as a tracer for fugitive emissions from the natural gas production and distribution system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution -- Measurement
KW  - AIR pollution -- Research
KW  - METHANE -- Environmental aspects
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - NATURAL gas
KW  - GAS industry -- Environmental aspects
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - LOS Angeles (Calif.) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - LOS Angeles (Calif.)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 79907704; Wennberg, Paul O. 1,2; Email Address: wennberg@caltech.edu Mui, Wilton 1 Wunch, Debra 2 Kort, Eric A. 3 Blake, Donald R. 4 Atlas, Elliot L. 5 Santoni, Gregory W. 6 Wofsy, Steven C. 6 Diskin, Glenn S. 7 Seongeun Jeong 8 Fischer, Marc L. 8; Affiliation:  1: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States  2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States  3: Keck Institute for Space Studies, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States  4: School of Physical Sciences, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States  5: Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, United States  6: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02318, United States  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States  8: Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States; Source Info: 9/4/2012, Vol. 46 Issue 17, p9282; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Research; Subject Term: METHANE -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: NATURAL gas; Subject Term: GAS industry -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: LOS Angeles (Calif.) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: LOS Angeles (Calif.); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221210 Natural Gas Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211111 Crude Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213112 Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es301138y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhenhong Yu
AU  - Hemdon, Scott C.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Timko, Michael T.
AU  - Liscinsky, David S.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Miake-Lye, Richard C.
T1  - Identification of Lubrication Oil in the Particulate Matter Emissions from Engine Exhaust of In-Service Commercial Aircraft.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2012/09/04/
VL  - 46
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 9630
EP  - 9637
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Lubrication oil was identified in the organic particulate matter (PM) emissions of engine exhaust plumes from in-service commercial aircraft at Chicago Midway Airport (MDW) and O'Hare International Airport (ORD). This is the first field study focused on aircraft lubrication oil emissions, and all of the observed plumes described in this work were due to near-idle engine operations. The identification was carried out with an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF AMS) via a collaborative laboratory and field investigation. A characteristic mass marker of lubrication oil, I(85)/I(71), the ratio of ion fragment intensity between m/z = 85 and 71, was used to distinguish lubrication oil from jet engine combustion products. This AMS marker was based on ion fragmentation patterns measured using electron impact ionization for two brands of widely used lubrication oil in a laboratory study. The AMS measurements of exhaust plumes from commercial aircraft in this airport field study reveal that lubrication oil is commonly present in organic PM emissions that are associated with emitted soot particles, unlike the purely oil droplets observed at the lubrication system vent. The characteristic oil marker, I(85)/I(71), was applied to quantitatively determine the contribution from lubrication oil in measured aircraft plumes, which ranges from 5% to 100%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - LUBRICATING oils
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Environmental aspects
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - AIR analysis
KW  - TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 79907746; Zhenhong Yu 1; Email Address: zyu@aerodyne.com Hemdon, Scott C. 1 Ziemba, Luke D. 2 Timko, Michael T. 1 Liscinsky, David S. 3 Anderson, Bruce E. 2 Miake-Lye, Richard C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States  3: United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108, United States; Source Info: 9/4/2012, Vol. 46 Issue 17, p9630; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: LUBRICATING oils; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: AIR analysis; Subject Term: TIME-of-flight mass spectrometry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324191 Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324190 Other petroleum and coal product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es301692t
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79907746&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiang, Hsin-Fang
AU  - Looney, Leslie W.
AU  - Tobin, John J.
T1  - THE ENVELOPE AND EMBEDDED DISK AROUND THE CLASS 0 PROTOSTAR L1157-mm: DUAL-WAVELENGTH INTERFEROMETRIC OBSERVATIONS AND MODELING.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/10/
VL  - 756
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present dual-wavelength observations and modeling of the nearly edge-on Class 0 young stellar object L1157-mm. Using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, a nearly spherical structure is seen from the circumstellar envelope at the size scale of 102-103 AU in both 1 mm and 3 mm dust emission. Radiative transfer modeling is performed to compare data with theoretical envelope models, including a power-law envelope model and the Terebey-Shu-Cassen model. Bayesian inference is applied for parameter estimation and information criterion is used for model selection. The results prefer the power-law envelope model against the Terebey-Shu-Cassen model. In particular, for the power-law envelope model, a steep density profile with an index of ∼2 is inferred. Moreover, the dust opacity spectral index β is estimated to be ∼0.9, implying that grain growth has started at L1157-mm. Also, the unresolved disk component is constrained to be ≲40 AU in radius and ≲4-25 MJup in mass. However, the estimate of the embedded disk component relies on the assumed envelope model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - MILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - POWER law (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 97978182; Chiang, Hsin-Fang 1,2,3; Email Address: hchiang@ifa.hawaii.edu Looney, Leslie W. 1 Tobin, John J. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 640 North Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  3: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA  4: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  5: Hubble Fellow.; Source Info: 9/10/2012, Vol. 756 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: MILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: POWER law (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/168
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978182&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Gautier, Thomas N.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Ibrahim, Khadeejah A.
AU  - Kjeldsen, Hans
AU  - Kinemuchi, Karen
AU  - Koch, David G.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Tenenbaum, Peter
AU  - Uddin, Kamal
T1  - TRANSIT TIMING OBSERVATIONS FROM KEPLER. V. TRANSIT TIMING VARIATION CANDIDATES IN THE FIRST SIXTEEN MONTHS FROM POLYNOMIAL MODELS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/10/
VL  - 756
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Transit timing variations provide a powerful tool for confirming and characterizing transiting planets, as well as detecting non-transiting planets. We report the results of an updated transit timing variation (TTV) analysis for 1481 planet candidates based on transit times measured during the first sixteen months of Kepler observations. We present 39 strong TTV candidates based on long-term trends (2.8% of suitable data sets). We present another 136 weaker TTV candidates (9.8% of suitable data sets) based on the excess scatter of TTV measurements about a linear ephemeris. We anticipate that several of these planet candidates could be confirmed and perhaps characterized with more detailed TTV analyses using publicly available Kepler observations. For many others, Kepler has observed a long-term TTV trend, but an extended Kepler mission will be required to characterize the system via TTVs. We find that the occurrence rate of planet candidates that show TTVs is significantly increased (∼68%) for planet candidates transiting stars with multiple transiting planet candidates when compared to planet candidates transiting stars with a single transiting planet candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - EPHEMERIS Time
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97978201; Ford, Eric B. 1; Email Address: eford@astro.ufl.edu Ragozzine, Darin 2 Rowe, Jason F. 3,4 Steffen, Jason H. 5 Barclay, Thomas 3,6 Batalha, Natalie M. 7 Borucki, William J. 3 Bryson, Stephen T. 3 Caldwell, Douglas A. 3,4 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 8,9 Gautier, Thomas N. 10 Holman, Matthew J. 2 Ibrahim, Khadeejah A. 11 Kjeldsen, Hans 12 Kinemuchi, Karen 3,6 Koch, David G. 3 Lissauer, Jack J. 3 Still, Martin 3,6 Tenenbaum, Peter 3,4 Uddin, Kamal 11; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, P.O. Box 500, MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  8: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  9: Hubble Fellow.  10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  11: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: 9/10/2012, Vol. 756 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: EPHEMERIS Time; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/185
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978201&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morley, Caroline V.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Visscher, Channon
AU  - Saumon, Didier
AU  - Leggett, S. K.
T1  - NEGLECTED CLOUDS IN T AND Y DWARF ATMOSPHERES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/10/
VL  - 756
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - As brown dwarfs cool, a variety of species condense in their atmospheres, forming clouds. Iron and silicate clouds shape the emergent spectra of L dwarfs, but these clouds dissipate at the L/T transition. A variety of other condensates are expected to form in cooler T dwarf atmospheres. These include Cr, MnS, Na2S, ZnS, and KCl, but the opacity of these optically thinner clouds has not been included in previous atmosphere models. Here, we examine their effect on model T and Y dwarf atmospheres. The cloud structures and opacities are calculated using the Ackerman & Marley cloud model, which is coupled to an atmosphere model to produce atmospheric pressure-temperature profiles in radiative-convective equilibrium. We generate a suite of models between Teff = 400 and 1300 K, log g = 4.0 and 5.5, and condensate sedimentation efficiencies from fsed = 2 to 5. Model spectra are compared to two red T dwarfs, Ross 458C and UGPS 0722-05; models that include clouds are found to match observed spectra significantly better than cloudless models. The emergence of sulfide clouds in cool atmospheres, particularly Na2S, may be a more natural explanation for the “cloudy” spectra of these objects, rather than the reemergence of silicate clouds that wane at the L-to-T transition. We find that sulfide clouds provide a mechanism to match the near- and mid-infrared colors of observed T dwarfs. Our results indicate that including the opacity of condensates in T dwarf atmospheres is necessary to accurately determine the physical characteristics of many of the observed objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - STARS -- Color
N1  - Accession Number: 97978186; Morley, Caroline V. 1; Email Address: cmorley@ucolick.org Fortney, Jonathan J. 1,2 Marley, Mark S. 3 Visscher, Channon 4 Saumon, Didier 5 Leggett, S. K. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  6: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Source Info: 9/10/2012, Vol. 756 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: STARS -- Color; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/172
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978186&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Musella, Ilaria
AU  - Ripepi, Vincenzo
AU  - Marconi, Marcella
AU  - Clementini, Gisella
AU  - Dall’Ora, Massimo
AU  - Scowcroft, Victoria
AU  - Moretti, Maria Ida
AU  - Di Fabrizio, Luca
AU  - Greco, Claudia
AU  - Coppola, Giuseppina
AU  - Bersier, David
AU  - Catelan, Márcio
AU  - Grado, Aniello
AU  - Limatola, Luca
AU  - Smith, Horace A.
AU  - Kinemuchi, Karen
T1  - STELLAR ARCHEOLOGY IN THE GALACTIC HALO WITH ULTRA-FAINT DWARFS. VII. HERCULES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/10/
VL  - 756
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the first time-series study of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Hercules. Using a variety of telescope/instrument facilities we secured about 50 V and 80 B epochs. These data allowed us to detect and characterize 10 pulsating variable stars in Hercules. Our final sample includes six fundamental-mode (ab-type) and three first-overtone (c-type) RR Lyrae stars, and one Anomalous Cepheid. The average period of the ab-type RR Lyrae stars, 〈 Pab〉 = 0.68 days (σ = 0.03 days), places Hercules in the Oosterhoff II group, as found for almost the totality of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxies investigated so far for variability. The RR Lyrae stars were used to obtain independent estimates of the metallicity, reddening, and distance to Hercules, for which we find [Fe/H] = –2.30 ± 0.15 dex, E(B – V) = 0.09 ± 0.02 mag, and (m – M)0 = 20.6 ± 0.1 mag, in good agreement with the literature values. We have obtained a V, B – V color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of Hercules that reaches V ∼ 25 mag and extends beyond the galaxy's half-light radius over a total area of 40′ × 36′. The CMD and the RR Lyrae stars indicate the presence of a population as old and metal-poor as (at least) the Galactic globular cluster M68. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF galaxies
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MAGELLANIC clouds
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - HERCULES (Constellation)
N1  - Accession Number: 97978130; Musella, Ilaria 1; Email Address: ilaria@na.astro.it Ripepi, Vincenzo 1; Email Address: ripepi@na.astro.it Marconi, Marcella 1; Email Address: marcella@na.astro.it Clementini, Gisella 2; Email Address: gisella.clementini@oabo.inaf.it Dall’Ora, Massimo 1; Email Address: dallora@na.astro.it Scowcroft, Victoria 3,4; Email Address: vs@obs.carnegiescience.edu Moretti, Maria Ida 5; Email Address: mariaida.moretti@studio.unibo.it Di Fabrizio, Luca 6; Email Address: difabrizio@tng.iac.es Greco, Claudia 7; Email Address: claudia.greco@obs.unige.ch Coppola, Giuseppina 1; Email Address: coppola@na.astro.it Bersier, David 4 Catelan, Márcio 8; Email Address: mcatelan@astro.puc.cl Grado, Aniello 1 Limatola, Luca 1 Smith, Horace A. 9; Email Address: smith@pa.msu.edu Kinemuchi, Karen 10; Email Address: karen.kinemuchi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, I-8013 Napoli, Italy  2: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy  3: Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  4: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Birkenhead CH4 1LD, UK  5: Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universitá di Bologna, I-40127 Bologna, Italy  6: INAF, Centro Galileo Galilei & Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, E-38700 S. Cruz de La Palma, Spain  7: Observatoire de Genève, 51, ch. Des Maillettes, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland  8: Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Facultad de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA  10: NASA-Ames Research Center/Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Mail Stop 244-30, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: 9/10/2012, Vol. 756 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: DWARF galaxies; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MAGELLANIC clouds; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: HERCULES (Constellation); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/121
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978130&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Kjeldsen, Hans
AU  - Koch, David G.
AU  - Prša, Andrej
AU  - Sanderfer, Dwight T.
AU  - Seader, Shawn
AU  - Twicken, Joseph D.
T1  - TRANSIT TIMING OBSERVATIONS FROM KEPLER. VI. POTENTIALLY INTERESTING CANDIDATE SYSTEMS FROM FOURIER-BASED STATISTICAL TESTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/10/
VL  - 756
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We analyze the deviations of transit times from a linear ephemeris for the Kepler Objects of Interest (KOI) through quarter six of science data. We conduct two statistical tests for all KOIs and a related statistical test for all pairs of KOIs in multi-transiting systems. These tests identify several systems which show potentially interesting transit timing variations (TTVs). Strong TTV systems have been valuable for the confirmation of planets and their mass measurements. Many of the systems identified in this study should prove fruitful for detailed TTV studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - EPHEMERIS Time
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - PLANETS -- Masses
N1  - Accession Number: 97978202; Steffen, Jason H. 1; Email Address: jsteffen@fnal. gov Ford, Eric B. 2 Rowe, Jason F. 3,4 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 5,6 Holman, Matthew J. 7 Welsh, William F. 8 Batalha, Natalie M. 9 Borucki, William J. 3 Bryson, Steve 3 Caldwell, Douglas A. 3,4 Ciardi, David R. 10 Jenkins, Jon M. 3,4 Kjeldsen, Hans 11 Koch, David G. 3 Prša, Andrej 12 Sanderfer, Dwight T. 3 Seader, Shawn 3 Twicken, Joseph D. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, P.O. Box 500, MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  2: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: Hubble Fellow.  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  10: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  12: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; Source Info: 9/10/2012, Vol. 756 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Subject Term: EPHEMERIS Time; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Masses; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/756/2/186
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978202&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Szabó, Gy. M.
AU  - Berdnikov, L.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Smolec, R.
AU  - Kiss, L. L.
AU  - Szabados, L.
AU  - Chadid, M.
AU  - Evans, N. R.
AU  - Kinemuchi, K.
AU  - Nemec, J. M.
AU  - Seader, S. E.
AU  - Smith, J. C.
AU  - Tenenbaum, P.
T1  - Period and light-curve fluctuations of the Kepler Cepheid V1154 Cygni.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/09/11/
VL  - 425
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1312
EP  - 1319
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present a detailed period analysis of the bright Cepheid-type variable star V1154 Cygni (V1154 Cyg; V = 9.1 mag, P ≈ 4.9 d) based on almost 600 d of continuous observations by the Kepler space telescope. The data reveal significant cycle-to-cycle fluctuations in the pulsation period, indicating that classical Cepheids may not be as accurate astrophysical clocks as commonly believed: regardless of the specific points used to determine the O − C values, the cycle lengths show a scatter of 0.015-0.02 d over 120 cycles covered by the observations. A very slight correlation between the individual Fourier parameters and the O − C values was found, suggesting that the O − C variations might be due to the instability of the light-curve shape. Random-fluctuation tests revealed a linear trend up to a cycle difference 15, but for long term, the period remains around the mean value. We compare the measurements with simulated light curves that were constructed to mimic V1154 Cyg as a perfect pulsator modulated only by the light travel time effect caused by low-mass companions. We show that the observed period jitter in V1154 Cyg represents a serious limitation in the search for binary companions. While the Kepler data are accurate enough to allow the detection of planetary bodies in close orbits around a Cepheid, the astrophysical noise can easily hide the signal of the light-time effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - INSTABILITY strip (Astrophysics)
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - CEPHEIDS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - P Cygni
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - stars: individual: V1154 Cyg
KW  - stars: variables: Cepheids
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 79241598; Derekas, A. 1,2,3 Szabó, Gy. M. 1 Berdnikov, L. 4,5 Szabó, R. 1 Smolec, R. 6 Kiss, L. L. 1,3 Szabados, L. 1 Chadid, M. 7 Evans, N. R. 8 Kinemuchi, K. 9 Nemec, J. M. 10,11 Seader, S. E. 9 Smith, J. C. 9 Tenenbaum, P. 9; Affiliation:  1: Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences  2: Department of Astronomy, Eötvös University  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney  4: Sternberg Astronomical Institute of Moscow University  5: Isaac Newton Institute of Chile, Moscow Branch, Universitetskij Pr. 13  6: Copernicus Astronomical Centre  7: Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Nice Sophia-Antipolis  8: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory  9: NASA Ames Research Center  10: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Camosun College  11: International Statistics & Research Corporation; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 425 Issue 2, p1312; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: INSTABILITY strip (Astrophysics); Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: CEPHEIDS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: P Cygni; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: V1154 Cyg; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: Cepheids; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21538.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivison, R. J.
AU  - Smail, Ian
AU  - Amblard, A.
AU  - Arumugam, V.
AU  - De Breuck, C.
AU  - Emonts, B. H. C.
AU  - Feain, I.
AU  - Greve, T. R.
AU  - Haas, M.
AU  - Ibar, E.
AU  - Jarvis, M. J.
AU  - Kovács, A.
AU  - Lehnert, M. D.
AU  - Nesvadba, N. P. H.
AU  - Röttgering, H. J. A.
AU  - Seymour, N.
AU  - Wylezalek, D.
T1  - Gas-rich mergers and feedback are ubiquitous amongst starbursting radio galaxies, as revealed by the VLA, IRAM PdBI and Herschel.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/09/11/
VL  - 425
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1331
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We report new, sensitive observations of two z ∼ 3-3.5 far-infrared-luminous radio galaxies, 6C 1909+72 and B3 J2330+3927, in the 12CO J = 1−0 transition with the Karl Jansky Very Large Array and at 100-500 m using Herschel, alongside new and archival 12CO J = 4−3 observations from the Plateau de Bure Interferometer. We introduce a new colour-colour diagnostic plot to constrain the redshifts of several distant, dusty galaxies in our target fields. A bright SMG near 6C 1909+72 likely shares the same node or filament as the signpost active galactic nuclei (AGN), but it is not detected in 12CO despite ∼20 000 km s−1 of velocity coverage. Also in the 6C 1909+72 field, a large, red dust feature spanning ≈500 kpc is aligned with the radio jet. We suggest several processes by which metal-rich material may have been transported, favouring a collimated outflow reminiscent of the jet-oriented metal enrichment seen in local cluster environments. Our interferometric imaging reveals a gas-rich companion to B3 J2330+3927; indeed, all bar one of the eight z ≳ 2 radio galaxies (or companions) detected in 12CO provide some evidence that starburst activity in radio-loud AGN at high redshift is driven by the interaction of two or more gas-rich systems in which a significant mass of stars has already formed, rather than via steady accretion of cold gas from the cosmic web. We find that the 12CO brightness temperature ratios in radio-loud AGN host galaxies are significantly higher than those seen in similarly intense starbursts where AGN activity is less pronounced. Our most extreme example, where [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO galaxies
KW  - UBIQUITOUS computing
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - RED shift
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - VERY large array telescopes
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - galaxies: high-redshift
KW  - galaxies: starburst
KW  - infrared: galaxies
KW  - radio lines: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 79241586; Ivison, R. J. 1,2 Smail, Ian 3 Amblard, A. 4 Arumugam, V. 2 De Breuck, C. 5 Emonts, B. H. C. 6 Feain, I. 6 Greve, T. R. 7 Haas, M. 8 Ibar, E. 1 Jarvis, M. J. 9 Kovács, A. 10,11 Lehnert, M. D. 12 Nesvadba, N. P. H. 13 Röttgering, H. J. A. 14 Seymour, N. 6 Wylezalek, D. 5; Affiliation:  1: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Royal Observatory  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh  3: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University  4: NASA, Ames Research Center  5: European Southern Observatory  6: CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London  8: Astronomisches Institut, Ruhr-Universität Bochum  9: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science & Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire  10: California Institute of Technology  11: Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota  12: GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, UMR 8111, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot  13: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale  14: Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 425 Issue 2, p1320; Subject Term: RADIO galaxies; Subject Term: UBIQUITOUS computing; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: VERY large array telescopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: active; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: high-redshift; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: starburst; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio lines: galaxies; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21544.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79241586&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramsay, Gavin
AU  - Cannizzo, John K.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Wood, Matt A.
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Smale, Alan
T1  - Kepler observations of V447 Lyr: an eclipsing U Gem Cataclysmic Variable.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/09/11/
VL  - 425
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1479
EP  - 1485
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present the results of an analysis of Kepler data covering 1.5 yr of the dwarf nova V447 Lyr. We detect eclipses of the accretion disc by the mass donating secondary star every 3.74 h which is the binary orbital period. V447 Lyr is therefore the first dwarf nova in the Kepler field to show eclipses. We also detect five long outbursts and six short outbursts showing V447 Lyr is a U Gem-type dwarf nova. We show that the orbital phase of the mid-eclipse occurs earlier during outbursts compared to quiescence and that the width of the eclipse is greater during outburst. This suggests that the bright spot is more prominent during quiescence and that the disc is larger during outburst than quiescence. This is consistent with an expansion of the outer disc radius due to the presence of high viscosity material associated with the outburst, followed by a contraction in quiescence due to the accretion of low angular momentum material. We note that the long outbursts appear to be triggered by a short outburst, which is also observed in the super-outbursts of SU UMa dwarf novae as observed using Kepler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - ACCRETION disks
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: dwarf novae
KW  - stars: individual: V447 Lyr
N1  - Accession Number: 79241632; Ramsay, Gavin 1 Cannizzo, John K. 2,3 Howell, Steve B. 4 Wood, Matt A. 5 Still, Martin 4,6 Barclay, Thomas 4,6 Smale, Alan 7; Affiliation:  1: Armagh Observatory  2: CRESST and Astroparticle Physics Laboratory NASA/GSFC  3: Department of Physics, University of Maryland  4: NASA Ames Research Center  5: Department of Physics and Space Sciences Florida Institute of Technology  6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute  7: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 425 Issue 2, p1479; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ACCRETION disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: dwarf novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: V447 Lyr; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21657.x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79241632&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramsay, Gavin
AU  - Wheatley, Peter J.
AU  - Rosen, Simon
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Steeghs, Danny
T1  - Suppression of X-rays during an optical outburst of the helium dwarf nova KL Dra.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/09/11/
VL  - 425
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1486
EP  - 1491
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT KL Dra is a helium-accreting AM CVn binary system with an orbital period close to 25 min. Approximately every 60 d there is a 4-mag optical outburst lasting ∼10 d. We present the most sensitive X-ray observations made of an AM CVn system during an outburst cycle. A series of eight observations were made using XMM-Newton which started shortly after the onset of an optical outburst. We find that X-rays are suppressed during the optical outburst. There is some evidence for a spectral evolution of the X-ray spectrum during the course of the outburst. A periodic modulation is seen in the ultraviolet data at three epochs - this is a signature of the binary orbital or the superhump period. The temperature of the X-ray-emitting plasma is cooler compared to dwarf novae, which may suggest that a wind is the origin of a significant fraction of the X-ray flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - X-ray astronomy
KW  - DWARF novae
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: dwarf novae
KW  - stars: individual: KL Dra
KW  - X-rays: stars
N1  - Accession Number: 79241638; Ramsay, Gavin 1 Wheatley, Peter J. 2 Rosen, Simon 3 Barclay, Thomas 4,5 Steeghs, Danny 2; Affiliation:  1: Armagh Observatory  2: Department of Physics, University of Warwick  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester  4: NASA Ames Research Center  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 425 Issue 2, p1486; Subject Term: X-ray astronomy; Subject Term: DWARF novae; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: HELIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: dwarf novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KL Dra; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-rays: stars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21660.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hansen, James
AU  - Sato, Makiko
AU  - Ruedy, Reto
T1  - Perception of climate change.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/09/11/
VL  - 109
IS  - 37
M3  - Article
SP  - 14726
EP  - 14727
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The author discusses the climate change and variability of weather. He discusses the probability of change in warm seasons with emphasis on summer when changes expected to have the greatest practical effects. Graphs representing the temperature anomaly distribution during 1951 to 2011 are also shown. According to him, at middle and high latitudes, the standard deviation of seasonal mean temperature is larger in winter than in summer.
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - TEMPERATURE distribution
KW  - CHARTS, diagrams, etc.
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - LATITUDE
N1  - Accession Number: 80099865; Hansen, James 1; Email Address: james.e.hansen@nasa.gov Sato, Makiko 1 Ruedy, Reto 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia University Earth Institute, New York, NY 10025  2: Trinnovim Limited Liability Company, New York, NY 10025; Source Info: 9/11/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 37, p14726; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE distribution; Subject Term: CHARTS, diagrams, etc.; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1205276109
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yim, JinWoo
AU  - Lee, Byung Joon
AU  - Kim, Chongam
T1  - Exploring multi-stage shape optimization strategy of multi-body geometries using Kriging-based model and adjoint method
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 68
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 87
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Abstract: This paper deals with an efficient and high-fidelity design strategy for wing-body configuration. According to the nature of the design space and the number of design variables, aerodynamic shape optimization is carried out at each design stage by using a selective optimization strategy. In the first stage, global optimization techniques are applied to wing planform design with a few geometric design variables. In the second stage, local optimization techniques are employed to wing surface design with many design variables, which can maintain a sufficient design space with a high Degree of Freedom (DOF) geometric change. For global optimization, the Kriging method in conjunction with a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used. A searching algorithm exploiting Expected Improvement (EI) design points is introduced to efficiently enhance the quality of the initial Kriging model for the wing planform design. For local optimization, a discrete adjoint method is adopted to obtain sensitivity information by fully hand-differentiating the three-dimensional Euler and N–S equations on an overset mesh topology. By the successive use of the global and local optimization methods, the drag of a multi-body aircraft configuration can be minimized for inviscid and viscous flow conditions while the baseline lift and wing weight are maintained. Throughout the design process, the performances of the test models are improved, compared to those with the single stage design approach. The performance of the proposed multi-stage design framework is evaluated by the drag decomposition method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - KRIGING
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - Aerodynamic shape optimization
KW  - Discrete adjoint method
KW  - Expected Improvement
KW  - Kriging model
N1  - Accession Number: 82105163; Yim, JinWoo 1 Lee, Byung Joon 2 Kim, Chongam 1; Email Address: chongam@snu.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 68, p71; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: KRIGING; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerodynamic shape optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete adjoint method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expected Improvement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kriging model; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2012.07.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silva, Jonny Carlos da
AU  - Saxena, Abhinav
AU  - Balaban, Edward
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - A knowledge-based system approach for sensor fault modeling, detection and mitigation
JO  - Expert Systems with Applications
JF  - Expert Systems with Applications
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 39
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 10977
EP  - 10989
SN  - 09574174
AB  - Abstract: Sensors are vital components for control and advanced health management techniques. However, sensors continue to be considered the weak link in many engineering applications since often they are less reliable than the system they are observing. This is in part due to the sensors’ operating principles and their susceptibility to interference from the environment. Detecting and mitigating sensor failure modes are becoming increasingly important in more complex and safety-critical applications. This paper reports on different techniques for sensor fault detection, disambiguation, and mitigation. It presents an expert system that uses a combination of object-oriented modeling, rules, and semantic networks to deal with the most common sensor faults, such as bias, drift, scaling, and dropout, as well as system faults. The paper also describes a sensor correction module that is based on fault parameters extraction (for bias, drift, and scaling fault modes) as well as utilizing partial redundancy for dropout sensor fault modes). The knowledge-based system was derived from the results obtained in a previously deployed Neural Network (NN) application for fault detection and disambiguation. Results are illustrated on an electro-mechanical actuator application where the system faults are jam and spalling. In addition to the functions implemented in the previous work, system fault detection under sensor failure was also modeled. The paper includes a sensitivity analysis that compares the results previously obtained with the NN. It concludes with a discussion of similarities and differences between the two approaches and how the knowledge based system provides additional functionality compared to the NN implementation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Expert Systems with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXPERT systems (Computer science)
KW  - FAULT location (Engineering)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - HEALTH services administration
KW  - DATA extraction
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - Detection
KW  - Expert system
KW  - Neural Network
KW  - Sensor failure
N1  - Accession Number: 75353997; Silva, Jonny Carlos da 1; Email Address: jonny@emc.ufsc.br Saxena, Abhinav 2; Email Address: abhinav.saxena@nasa.gov Balaban, Edward 1; Email Address: edward.balaban@nasa.gov Goebel, Kai 1; Email Address: kai.goebel@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 39 Issue 12, p10977; Subject Term: EXPERT systems (Computer science); Subject Term: FAULT location (Engineering); Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: HEALTH services administration; Subject Term: DATA extraction; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expert system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neural Network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor failure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334514 Totalizing Fluid Meter and Counting Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.eswa.2012.03.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grotzinger, John
AU  - Crisp, Joy
AU  - Vasavada, Ashwin
AU  - Anderson, Robert
AU  - Baker, Charles
AU  - Barry, Robert
AU  - Blake, David
AU  - Conrad, Pamela
AU  - Edgett, Kenneth
AU  - Ferdowski, Bobak
AU  - Gellert, Ralf
AU  - Gilbert, John
AU  - Golombek, Matt
AU  - Gómez-Elvira, Javier
AU  - Hassler, Donald
AU  - Jandura, Louise
AU  - Litvak, Maxim
AU  - Mahaffy, Paul
AU  - Maki, Justin
AU  - Meyer, Michael
T1  - Mars Science Laboratory Mission and Science Investigation.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 170
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 56
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Scheduled to land in August of 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mission was initiated to explore the habitability of Mars. This includes both modern environments as well as ancient environments recorded by the stratigraphic rock record preserved at the Gale crater landing site. The Curiosity rover has a designed lifetime of at least one Mars year (∼23 months), and drive capability of at least 20 km. Curiosity's science payload was specifically assembled to assess habitability and includes a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer and gas analyzer that will search for organic carbon in rocks, regolith fines, and the atmosphere (SAM instrument); an x-ray diffractometer that will determine mineralogical diversity (CheMin instrument); focusable cameras that can image landscapes and rock/regolith textures in natural color (MAHLI, MARDI, and Mastcam instruments); an alpha-particle x-ray spectrometer for in situ determination of rock and soil chemistry (APXS instrument); a laser-induced breakdown spectrometer to remotely sense the chemical composition of rocks and minerals (ChemCam instrument); an active neutron spectrometer designed to search for water in rocks/regolith (DAN instrument); a weather station to measure modern-day environmental variables (REMS instrument); and a sensor designed for continuous monitoring of background solar and cosmic radiation (RAD instrument). The various payload elements will work together to detect and study potential sampling targets with remote and in situ measurements; to acquire samples of rock, soil, and atmosphere and analyze them in onboard analytical instruments; and to observe the environment around the rover. The 155-km diameter Gale crater was chosen as Curiosity's field site based on several attributes: an interior mountain of ancient flat-lying strata extending almost 5 km above the elevation of the landing site; the lower few hundred meters of the mountain show a progression with relative age from clay-bearing to sulfate-bearing strata, separated by an unconformity from overlying likely anhydrous strata; the landing ellipse is characterized by a mixture of alluvial fan and high thermal inertia/high albedo stratified deposits; and a number of stratigraphically/geomorphically distinct fluvial features. Samples of the crater wall and rim rock, and more recent to currently active surface materials also may be studied. Gale has a well-defined regional context and strong evidence for a progression through multiple potentially habitable environments. These environments are represented by a stratigraphic record of extraordinary extent, and insure preservation of a rich record of the environmental history of early Mars. The interior mountain of Gale Crater has been informally designated at Mount Sharp, in honor of the pioneering planetary scientist Robert Sharp. The major subsystems of the MSL Project consist of a single rover (with science payload), a Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator, an Earth-Mars cruise stage, an entry, descent, and landing system, a launch vehicle, and the mission operations and ground data systems. The primary communication path for downlink is relay through the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The primary path for uplink to the rover is Direct-from-Earth. The secondary paths for downlink are Direct-to-Earth and relay through the Mars Odyssey orbiter. Curiosity is a scaled version of the 6-wheel drive, 4-wheel steering, rocker bogie system from the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Spirit and Opportunity and the Mars Pathfinder Sojourner. Like Spirit and Opportunity, Curiosity offers three primary modes of navigation: blind-drive, visual odometry, and visual odometry with hazard avoidance. Creation of terrain maps based on HiRISE (High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment) and other remote sensing data were used to conduct simulated driving with Curiosity in these various modes, and allowed selection of the Gale crater landing site which requires climbing the base of a mountain to achieve its primary science goals. The Sample Acquisition, Processing, and Handling (SA/SPaH) subsystem is responsible for the acquisition of rock and soil samples from the Martian surface and the processing of these samples into fine particles that are then distributed to the analytical science instruments. The SA/SPaH subsystem is also responsible for the placement of the two contact instruments (APXS, MAHLI) on rock and soil targets. SA/SPaH consists of a robotic arm and turret-mounted devices on the end of the arm, which include a drill, brush, soil scoop, sample processing device, and the mechanical and electrical interfaces to the two contact science instruments. SA/SPaH also includes drill bit boxes, the organic check material, and an observation tray, which are all mounted on the front of the rover, and inlet cover mechanisms that are placed over the SAM and CheMin solid sample inlet tubes on the rover top deck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - MASS spectrometers
KW  - ASTROMINERALOGY
KW  - X-ray diffractometer
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Curiosity
KW  - Gale
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mount Sharp
KW  - Rover
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 80125490; Grotzinger, John 1; Email Address: grotz@gps.caltech.edu Crisp, Joy 2 Vasavada, Ashwin 2 Anderson, Robert 2 Baker, Charles 2 Barry, Robert 2 Blake, David 3 Conrad, Pamela 4 Edgett, Kenneth 5 Ferdowski, Bobak 2 Gellert, Ralf 6 Gilbert, John 2 Golombek, Matt 2 Gómez-Elvira, Javier 7 Hassler, Donald 8 Jandura, Louise 2 Litvak, Maxim 9 Mahaffy, Paul 4 Maki, Justin 2 Meyer, Michael 10; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt USA  5: Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego USA  6: University of Guelph, Guelph Canada  7: Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC/INTA), Madrid Spain  8: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder USA  9: Space Research Institute (IKI), Moscow Russia  10: NASA Headquarters, Washington USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 170 Issue 1-4, p5; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: MASS spectrometers; Subject Term: ASTROMINERALOGY; Subject Term: X-ray diffractometer; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Curiosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mount Sharp; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rover; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 52p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 19 Diagrams, 10 Charts, 1 Graph, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-012-9892-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80125490&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edgett, Kenneth
AU  - Yingst, R.
AU  - Ravine, Michael
AU  - Caplinger, Michael
AU  - Maki, Justin
AU  - Ghaemi, F.
AU  - Schaffner, Jacob
AU  - Bell, James
AU  - Edwards, Laurence
AU  - Herkenhoff, Kenneth
AU  - Heydari, Ezat
AU  - Kah, Linda
AU  - Lemmon, Mark
AU  - Minitti, Michelle
AU  - Olson, Timothy
AU  - Parker, Timothy
AU  - Rowland, Scott
AU  - Schieber, Juergen
AU  - Sullivan, Robert
AU  - Sumner, Dawn
T1  - Curiosity's Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) Investigation.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 170
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 317
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) investigation will use a 2-megapixel color camera with a focusable macro lens aboard the rover, Curiosity, to investigate the stratigraphy and grain-scale texture, structure, mineralogy, and morphology of geologic materials in northwestern Gale crater. Of particular interest is the stratigraphic record of a ∼5 km thick layered rock sequence exposed on the slopes of Aeolis Mons (also known as Mount Sharp). The instrument consists of three parts, a camera head mounted on the turret at the end of a robotic arm, an electronics and data storage assembly located inside the rover body, and a calibration target mounted on the robotic arm shoulder azimuth actuator housing. MAHLI can acquire in-focus images at working distances from ∼2.1 cm to infinity. At the minimum working distance, image pixel scale is ∼14 μm per pixel and very coarse silt grains can be resolved. At the working distance of the Mars Exploration Rover Microscopic Imager cameras aboard Spirit and Opportunity, MAHLI's resolution is comparable at ∼30 μm per pixel. Onboard capabilities include autofocus, auto-exposure, sub-framing, video imaging, Bayer pattern color interpolation, lossy and lossless compression, focus merging of up to 8 focus stack images, white light and longwave ultraviolet (365 nm) illumination of nearby subjects, and 8 gigabytes of non-volatile memory data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - MAGNIFYING glasses
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - ASTROMINERALOGY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Camera
KW  - Curiosity
KW  - Gale
KW  - MAHLI
KW  - Mars
KW  - Rover
KW  - Sediment
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 80125494; Edgett, Kenneth 1; Email Address: edgett@msss.com Yingst, R. 2 Ravine, Michael 1 Caplinger, Michael 1 Maki, Justin 3 Ghaemi, F. 4 Schaffner, Jacob 1 Bell, James 5 Edwards, Laurence 6 Herkenhoff, Kenneth 7 Heydari, Ezat 8 Kah, Linda 9 Lemmon, Mark 10 Minitti, Michelle 11 Olson, Timothy 12 Parker, Timothy 3 Rowland, Scott 13 Schieber, Juergen 14 Sullivan, Robert 15 Sumner, Dawn 16; Affiliation:  1: Malin Space Science Systems, Inc., San Diego 92191 USA  2: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena USA  4: Ghaemi Optical Engineering, San Diego USA  5: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  7: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff USA  8: Jackson State University, Jackson USA  9: University of Tennessee, Knoxville USA  10: Texas A&M University, College Station USA  11: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel USA  12: Salish Kootenai College, Pablo USA  13: University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu USA  14: Indiana University, Bloomington USA  15: Cornell University, Ithaca USA  16: University of California, Davis USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 170 Issue 1-4, p259; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: MAGNIFYING glasses; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: ASTROMINERALOGY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Camera; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curiosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gale; Author-Supplied Keyword: MAHLI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sediment; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 59p; Illustrations: 13 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Illustration, 7 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-012-9910-4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80125494&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blake, David
AU  - Vaniman, David
AU  - Achilles, Cherie
AU  - Anderson, Robert
AU  - Bish, David
AU  - Bristow, Tom
AU  - Chen, Curtis
AU  - Chipera, Steve
AU  - Crisp, Joy
AU  - Des Marais, David
AU  - Downs, Robert
AU  - Farmer, Jack
AU  - Feldman, Sabrina
AU  - Fonda, Mark
AU  - Gailhanou, Marc
AU  - Ma, Hongwei
AU  - Ming, Doug
AU  - Morris, Richard
AU  - Sarrazin, Philippe
AU  - Stolper, Ed
T1  - Characterization and Calibration of the CheMin Mineralogical Instrument on Mars Science Laboratory.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 170
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 341
EP  - 399
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - A principal goal of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity is to identify and characterize past habitable environments on Mars. Determination of the mineralogical and chemical composition of Martian rocks and soils constrains their formation and alteration pathways, providing information on climate and habitability through time. The CheMin X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) instrument on MSL will return accurate mineralogical identifications and quantitative phase abundances for scooped soil samples and drilled rock powders collected at Gale Crater during Curiosity's 1-Mars-year nominal mission. The instrument has a Co X-ray source and a cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detector arranged in transmission geometry with the sample. CheMin's angular range of 5 to 50 2 θ with <0.35 2 θ resolution is sufficient to identify and quantify virtually all minerals. CheMin's XRF requirement was descoped for technical and budgetary reasons. However, X-ray energy discrimination is still required to separate Co K α from Co K β and Fe K α photons. The X-ray energy-dispersive histograms (EDH) returned along with XRD for instrument evaluation should be useful in identifying elements Z>13 that are contained in the sample. The CheMin XRD is equipped with internal chemical and mineralogical standards and 27 reusable sample cells with either Mylar or Kapton windows to accommodate acidic-to-basic environmental conditions. The CheMin flight model (FM) instrument will be calibrated utilizing analyses of common samples against a demonstration-model (DM) instrument and CheMin-like laboratory instruments. The samples include phyllosilicate and sulfate minerals that are expected at Gale crater on the basis of remote sensing observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - ASTROMINERALOGY
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Mars habitability
KW  - Mars science laboratory
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Planetary science
KW  - Spacecraft instruments
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 80125505; Blake, David 1; Email Address: david.blake@nasa.gov Vaniman, David 2 Achilles, Cherie 3 Anderson, Robert 4 Bish, David 5 Bristow, Tom 6 Chen, Curtis 4 Chipera, Steve 7 Crisp, Joy 4 Des Marais, David 6 Downs, Robert 8 Farmer, Jack 9 Feldman, Sabrina 4 Fonda, Mark 10 Gailhanou, Marc 11 Ma, Hongwei 5 Ming, Doug 12 Morris, Richard 12 Sarrazin, Philippe 13 Stolper, Ed 14; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA  2: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell Tucson 85719-2395 USA  3: ESCG/Hamilton Sundstrand, 2224 Bay Area Blvd. Houston 77058 USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr. Pasadena 91109-8099 USA  5: Dept. of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East Tenth St. Bloomington 47405 USA  6: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035-1000 USA  7: Chesapeake Energy Corp., 6100 N. Western Ave. Oklahoma City 73118 USA  8: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson 85721-0077 USA  9: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287 USA  10: Space Science Division, MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA  11: Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Avenue Escadrille Normandie Niemen, Service 262 13397 Marseille Cedex 20 France  12: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Road 1 Houston 77058-3696 USA  13: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave. Mountain View 94043 USA  14: MC 206-31, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125 USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 170 Issue 1-4, p341; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: ASTROMINERALOGY; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars science laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft instruments; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 59p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 16 Charts, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-012-9905-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80125505&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gómez-Elvira, J.
AU  - Armiens, C.
AU  - Castañer, L.
AU  - Domínguez, M.
AU  - Genzer, M.
AU  - Gómez, F.
AU  - Haberle, R.
AU  - Harri, A.-M.
AU  - Jiménez, V.
AU  - Kahanpää, H.
AU  - Kowalski, L.
AU  - Lepinette, A.
AU  - Martín, J.
AU  - Martínez-Frías, J.
AU  - McEwan, I.
AU  - Mora, L.
AU  - Moreno, J.
AU  - Navarro, S.
AU  - Pablo, M.
AU  - Peinado, V.
T1  - REMS: The Environmental Sensor Suite for the Mars Science Laboratory Rover.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 170
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 583
EP  - 640
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) will investigate environmental factors directly tied to current habitability at the Martian surface during the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission. Three major habitability factors are addressed by REMS: the thermal environment, ultraviolet irradiation, and water cycling. The thermal environment is determined by a mixture of processes, chief amongst these being the meteorological. Accordingly, the REMS sensors have been designed to record air and ground temperatures, pressure, relative humidity, wind speed in the horizontal and vertical directions, as well as ultraviolet radiation in different bands. These sensors are distributed over the rover in four places: two booms located on the MSL Remote Sensing Mast, the ultraviolet sensor on the rover deck, and the pressure sensor inside the rover body. Typical daily REMS observations will collect 180 minutes of data from all sensors simultaneously (arranged in 5 minute hourly samples plus 60 additional minutes taken at times to be decided during the course of the mission). REMS will add significantly to the environmental record collected by prior missions through the range of simultaneous observations including water vapor; the ability to take measurements routinely through the night; the intended minimum of one Martian year of observations; and the first measurement of surface UV irradiation. In this paper, we describe the scientific potential of REMS measurements and describe in detail the sensors that constitute REMS and the calibration procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Relative Humidity
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation
KW  - Wind
N1  - Accession Number: 80125488; Gómez-Elvira, J. 1; Email Address: gomezej@cab.inta-csic.es Armiens, C. 1 Castañer, L. 2 Domínguez, M. 2 Genzer, M. 3 Gómez, F. 1 Haberle, R. 4 Harri, A.-M. 3 Jiménez, V. 2 Kahanpää, H. 3 Kowalski, L. 2 Lepinette, A. 1 Martín, J. 1 Martínez-Frías, J. 1 McEwan, I. 5 Mora, L. 1 Moreno, J. 6 Navarro, S. 1 Pablo, M. 7 Peinado, V. 1; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir, km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz Madrid Spain  2: Universidad Politécnica de Cataluña, Barcelona Spain  3: FMI, Helsinki Finland  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field USA  5: Ashima Research, Pasadena USA  6: EADS-CRISA, Tres Cantos Spain  7: Universidad de Alcalá de Henares, Alcalá de Henares Spain; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 170 Issue 1-4, p583; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relative Humidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind; Number of Pages: 58p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 13 Diagrams, 8 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-012-9921-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80125488&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Golombek, M.
AU  - Grant, J.
AU  - Kipp, D.
AU  - Vasavada, A.
AU  - Kirk, R.
AU  - Fergason, R.
AU  - Bellutta, P.
AU  - Calef, F.
AU  - Larsen, K.
AU  - Katayama, Y.
AU  - Huertas, A.
AU  - Beyer, R.
AU  - Chen, A.
AU  - Parker, T.
AU  - Pollard, B.
AU  - Lee, S.
AU  - Sun, Y.
AU  - Hoover, R.
AU  - Sladek, H.
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
T1  - Selection of the Mars Science Laboratory Landing Site.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 170
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 641
EP  - 737
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The selection of Gale crater as the Mars Science Laboratory landing site took over five years, involved broad participation of the science community via five open workshops, and narrowed an initial >50 sites (25 by 20 km) to four finalists (Eberswalde, Gale, Holden and Mawrth) based on science and safety. Engineering constraints important to the selection included: (1) latitude (±30°) for thermal management of the rover and instruments, (2) elevation (<−1 km) for sufficient atmosphere to slow the spacecraft, (3) relief of <100-130 m at baselines of 1-1000 m for control authority and sufficient fuel during powered descent, (4) slopes of <30° at baselines of 2-5 m for rover stability at touchdown, (5) moderate rock abundance to avoid impacting the belly pan during touchdown, and (6) a radar-reflective, load-bearing, and trafficable surface that is safe for landing and roving and not dominated by fine-grained dust. Science criteria important for the selection include the ability to assess past habitable environments, which include diversity, context, and biosignature (including organics) preservation. Sites were evaluated in detail using targeted data from instruments on all active orbiters, and especially Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. All of the final four sites have layered sedimentary rocks with spectral evidence for phyllosilicates that clearly address the science objectives of the mission. Sophisticated entry, descent and landing simulations that include detailed information on all of the engineering constraints indicate all of the final four sites are safe for landing. Evaluation of the traversabilty of the landing sites and target 'go to' areas outside of the ellipse using slope and material properties information indicates that all are trafficable and 'go to' sites can be accessed within the lifetime of the mission. In the final selection, Gale crater was favored over Eberswalde based on its greater diversity and potential habitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Landing sites
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory
KW  - Surface characteristics
KW  - Surface materials
N1  - Accession Number: 80125491; Golombek, M. 1; Email Address: mgolombek@jpl.nasa.gov Grant, J. 2 Kipp, D. 1 Vasavada, A. 1 Kirk, R. 3 Fergason, R. 3 Bellutta, P. 1 Calef, F. 1 Larsen, K. 4 Katayama, Y. Huertas, A. 1 Beyer, R. 5 Chen, A. 1 Parker, T. 1 Pollard, B. 1 Lee, S. 1 Sun, Y. Hoover, R. Sladek, H. Grotzinger, J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91109 USA  2: National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington 20560 USA  3: U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff 86001 USA  4: Laboratory Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309 USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA  6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125 USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 170 Issue 1-4, p641; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landing sites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface characteristics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface materials; Number of Pages: 97p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 20 Charts, 4 Graphs, 19 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-012-9916-y
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80125491&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyer, Ross
AU  - Kirk, Randolph
T1  - Meter-Scale Slopes of Candidate MSL Landing Sites from Point Photoclinometry.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 170
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 775
EP  - 791
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Photoclinometry was used to analyze the small-scale roughness of areas within the proposed Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) landing ellipses. The landing ellipses presented in this study are those in Eberswalde crater, Gale crater, and Holden crater (the Mawrth Vallis site could not be measured due to its albedo variations). We were able to constrain surface slopes on length scales comparable to the HiRISE image resolution (0.25 meters/pixel). The MSL mission has various engineering constraints that each candidate landing ellipse must satisfy. These constraints indicate that the statistical value of the slopes at one, two, and five meter baselines are an important criterion. We used our technique to estimate surface slopes across large swaths of each image, and built up slope statistics for the images in each landing ellipse. We are confident that all three final MSL landing site ellipses that could be measured in this study are within the small-scale roughness constraints. Our results have provided input into the landing hazard assessment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SLOPES (Physical geography)
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - PHOTOMICROGRAPHY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SMALL scale system
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 80125486; Beyer, Ross 1; Email Address: Ross.A.Beyer@nasa.gov Kirk, Randolph 2; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  2: Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 170 Issue 1-4, p775; Subject Term: SLOPES (Physical geography); Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: PHOTOMICROGRAPHY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SMALL scale system; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-012-9925-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80125486&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vasavada, Ashwin
AU  - Chen, Allen
AU  - Barnes, Jeffrey
AU  - Burkhart, P.
AU  - Cantor, Bruce
AU  - Dwyer-Cianciolo, Alicia
AU  - Fergason, Robin
AU  - Hinson, David
AU  - Justh, Hilary
AU  - Kass, David
AU  - Lewis, Stephen
AU  - Mischna, Michael
AU  - Murphy, James
AU  - Rafkin, Scot
AU  - Tyler, Daniel
AU  - Withers, Paul
T1  - Assessment of Environments for Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Surface Operations.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2012/09/15/
VL  - 170
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 793
EP  - 835
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory mission aims to land a car-sized rover on Mars' surface and operate it for at least one Mars year in order to assess whether its field area was ever capable of supporting microbial life. Here we describe the approach used to identify, characterize, and assess environmental risks to the landing and rover surface operations. Novel entry, descent, and landing approaches will be used to accurately deliver the 900-kg rover, including the ability to sense and 'fly out' deviations from a best-estimate atmospheric state. A joint engineering and science team developed methods to estimate the range of potential atmospheric states at the time of arrival and to quantitatively assess the spacecraft's performance and risk given its particular sensitivities to atmospheric conditions. Numerical models are used to calculate the atmospheric parameters, with observations used to define model cases, tune model parameters, and validate results. This joint program has resulted in a spacecraft capable of accessing, with minimal risk, the four finalist sites chosen for their scientific merit. The capability to operate the landed rover over the latitude range of candidate landing sites, and for all seasons, was verified against an analysis of surface environmental conditions described here. These results, from orbital and model data sets, also drive engineering simulations of the rover's thermal state that are used to plan surface operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars' atmosphere
KW  - Mars' surface
KW  - Spacecraft
N1  - Accession Number: 80125495; Vasavada, Ashwin 1; Email Address: ashwin@jpl.nasa.gov Chen, Allen 1 Barnes, Jeffrey 2 Burkhart, P. 1 Cantor, Bruce 3 Dwyer-Cianciolo, Alicia 4 Fergason, Robin 5 Hinson, David 6 Justh, Hilary 7 Kass, David 1 Lewis, Stephen 8 Mischna, Michael 1 Murphy, James 9 Rafkin, Scot 10 Tyler, Daniel 2 Withers, Paul 11; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena 91109 USA  2: Oregon State University, Corvallis USA  3: Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  5: United States Geological Survey, Flagstaff USA  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View USA  7: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville USA  8: The Open University, Milton Keynes UK  9: New Mexico State University, Las Cruces USA  10: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder USA  11: Boston University, Boston USA; Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 170 Issue 1-4, p793; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars' atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars' surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Number of Pages: 43p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 17 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-012-9911-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80125495&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D'Angelo, Gennaro
AU  - Marzari, Francesco
T1  - OUTWARD MIGRATION OF JUPITER AND SATURN IN EVOLVED GASEOUS DISKS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/20/
VL  - 757
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The outward migration of a pair of resonant-orbit planets, driven by tidal interactions with a gas-dominated disk, is studied in the context of evolved solar nebula models. The planets' masses, M1 and M2, correspond to those of Jupiter and Saturn. Hydrodynamical calculations in two and three dimensions are used to quantify the migration rates and analyze the conditions under which the outward migration mechanism may operate. The planets are taken to be fully formed after 106 and before 3 × 106 years. The orbital evolution of the planets in an evolving disk is then calculated until the disk's gas is completely dissipated. Orbital locking in the 3:2 mean motion resonance may lead to outward migration under appropriate conditions of disk viscosity and temperature. However, resonance locking does not necessarily result in outward migration. This is the case, for example, if convergent migration leads to locking in the 2:1 mean motion resonance, as post-formation disk conditions seem to suggest. Accretion of gas on the planets may deactivate the outward migration mechanism by raising the mass ratio M2/M1 and/or by reducing the accretion rate toward the star, and hence depleting the inner disk. For migrating planets locked in the 3:2 mean motion resonance, there are stalling radii that depend on disk viscosity and on stellar irradiation, when it determines the disk's thermal balance. Planets locked in the 3:2 orbital resonance that start moving outward from within 1-2 AU may reach beyond ≈5 AU only under favorable conditions. However, within the explored space of disk parameters, only a small fraction—less than a few percent—of the models predict that the interior planet reaches beyond ≈4 AU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Research
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Research
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NEBULAR hypothesis
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ORIGIN
N1  - Accession Number: 97978271; D'Angelo, Gennaro 1,2,3; Email Address: gennaro.dangelo@nasa.gov Marzari, Francesco 4; Email Address: francesco.marzari@pd.infn.it; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Visiting Research Scientist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.  4: Department of Physics, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 8, Padova I-35131, Italy; Source Info: 9/20/2012, Vol. 757 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NEBULAR hypothesis; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/50
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deacon, Niall R.
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Magnier, Eugene A.
AU  - Bowler, Brendan P.
AU  - Mann, Andrew W.
AU  - Redstone, Joshua A.
AU  - Burgett, William S.
AU  - Chambers, Ken C.
AU  - Hodapp, Klaus W.
AU  - Kaiser, Nick
AU  - Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter
AU  - Morgan, Jeff S.
AU  - Price, Paul A.
AU  - Tonry, John L.
AU  - Wainscoat, Richard J.
T1  - LHS 2803B: A VERY WIDE MID-T DWARF COMPANION TO AN OLD M DWARF IDENTIFIED FROM PAN-STARRS1.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/20/
VL  - 757
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the discovery of a wide (∼1400 AU projected separation), common proper motion companion to the nearby M dwarf LHS 2803 (PSO J207.0300-13.7422). This object was discovered during our census of the local T dwarf population using Pan-STARRS1 and Two Micron All Sky Survey data. Using the Infrared Telescope Facility/SpeX near-infrared spectroscopy, we classify the secondary to be spectral type T5.5. University of Hawaii 2.2 m/SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph optical spectroscopy indicates that the primary has a spectral type of M4.5, with approximately solar metallicity and no measurable Hα emission. We use this lack of activity to set a lower age limit for the system of 3.5 Gyr. Using a comparison with chance alignments of brown dwarfs and nearby stars, we conclude that the two objects are unlikely to be a chance association. The primary's photometric distance of 21 pc and its proper motion implies thin disk kinematics. Based on these kinematics and its metallicity, we set an upper age limit for the system of 10 Gyr. Evolutionary model calculations suggest that the secondary has a mass of 72±47MJup, temperature of 1120 ± 80 K, and log g = 5.4 ± 0.1 dex. Model atmosphere fitting to the near-IR spectrum gives similar physical parameters of 1100 K and log g = 5.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STARS
KW  - TWO Micron All Sky Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 97978244; Deacon, Niall R. 1,2; Email Address: deacon@mpia.de Liu, Michael C. 2,3 Magnier, Eugene A. 2 Bowler, Brendan P. 2 Mann, Andrew W. 2 Redstone, Joshua A. 4 Burgett, William S. 2 Chambers, Ken C. 2 Hodapp, Klaus W. 5 Kaiser, Nick 2 Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter 2 Morgan, Jeff S. 2 Price, Paul A. 6 Tonry, John L. 2 Wainscoat, Richard J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  4: Facebook, 1601 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA  5: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 640 North Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  6: Princeton University Observatory, 4 Ivy Lane, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Source Info: 9/20/2012, Vol. 757 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STARS; Company/Entity: TWO Micron All Sky Survey; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silva Aguirre, V.
AU  - Casagrande, L.
AU  - Basu, S.
AU  - Campante, T. L.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Miglio, A.
AU  - Serenelli, A. M.
AU  - Ballot, J.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Creevey, O. L.
AU  - Elsworth, Y.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Gilliland, R. L.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Mathur, S.
AU  - Metcalfe, T. S.
AU  - Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.
T1  - VERIFYING ASTEROSEISMICALLY DETERMINED PARAMETERS OF KEPLER STARS USING HIPPARCOS PARALLAXES: SELF-CONSISTENT STELLAR PROPERTIES AND DISTANCES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/20/
VL  - 757
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Accurately determining the properties of stars is of prime importance for characterizing stellar populations in our Galaxy. The field of asteroseismology has been thought to be particularly successful in such an endeavor for stars in different evolutionary stages. However, to fully exploit its potential, robust methods for estimating stellar parameters are required and independent verification of the results is mandatory. With this purpose, we present a new technique to obtain stellar properties by coupling asteroseismic analysis with the InfraRed Flux Method. By using two global seismic observables and multi-band photometry, the technique allows us to obtain masses, radii, effective temperatures, bolometric fluxes, and hence distances for field stars in a self-consistent manner. We apply our method to 22 solar-like oscillators in the Kepler short-cadence sample, that have accurate Hipparcos parallaxes. Our distance determinations agree to better than 5%, while measurements of spectroscopic effective temperatures and interferometric radii also validate our results. We briefly discuss the potential of our technique for stellar population analysis and models of Galactic Chemical Evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - PARALLAX
N1  - Accession Number: 97978223; Silva Aguirre, V. 1,2,3 Casagrande, L. 4 Basu, S. 5 Campante, T. L. 6,7 Chaplin, W. J. 1,3,7 Huber, D. 8 Miglio, A. 7 Serenelli, A. M. 3,9 Ballot, J. 10,11 Bedding, T. R. 1,12 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 1,3 Creevey, O. L. 13 Elsworth, Y. 7 García, R. A. 3,14 Gilliland, R. L. 15 Hekker, S. 7,16 Kjeldsen, H. 1 Mathur, S. 3,17 Metcalfe, T. S. 18 Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G. 6; Affiliation:  1: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  2: Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany  3: Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  4: Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, The Australian National University, ACT 2611, Australia  5: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  6: Centro de Astrofísica and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  7: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (CSIC-IEEC), Facultad de Ciències, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain  10: CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France  11: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France  12: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  13: Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte dAzur, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France  14: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  15: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA  16: Astronomical Institute “Anton Pannekoek,” University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  17: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  18: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Source Info: 9/20/2012, Vol. 757 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: PARALLAX; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/99
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978223&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Biradar, Santoshkumar
AU  - Goornavar, Virupaxi
AU  - Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan
AU  - Koehne, Jessica
AU  - Jeffers, Robert
AU  - Hall, Joseph C.
AU  - Ramesh, Vani
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Ramesh, Govindarajan T.
T1  - Optimization of process parameters of polymer solution mediated growth of calcium carbonate nanoparticles.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2012/09/21/
VL  - 23
IS  - 37
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - With the advent of nanotechnology, many methods of synthesis of nanoparticles have come into practice and the ‘polymer mediated growth’ technique is among them. In this route, ions of one of the reactants are allowed to diffuse from an external solution into a polymer matrix where the other reactant is complexed and bound. The exact role of ionic diffusion in the formation of nanoparticles was investigated in the current study by studying the patterns of kinetics of nanoparticle formation using UV vis spectroscopy. Typically, calcium carbonate nanoparticles were formed by the aforementioned technique using polyethylene glycol solution. The particle size was calculated using Scherrer’s formula on x-ray diffraction plots and was reconfirmed with field emission scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope images. Energy-dispersive x-ray analysis was used to study the composition and purity of the nanoparticles formed. The reactant to polymer ratio, reaction temperature and molecular weight of polyethylene glycol affected the size of the particles formed. Through this knowledge we optimized these parameters to obtain particles as small as 20 nm and confirmed that this technique can be used to control the size of nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALCIUM carbonate
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - POLYMER solutions
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 98022565; Biradar, Santoshkumar 1 Goornavar, Virupaxi 1 Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan 2 Koehne, Jessica 2 Jeffers, Robert 1 Hall, Joseph C. 1 Ramesh, Vani 1 Meyyappan, M. 2 Ramesh, Govindarajan T. 1,3; Email Address: gtramesh@nsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Norfolk State University, 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Address for correspondence: Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA.; Source Info: 9/21/2012, Vol. 23 Issue 37, p1; Subject Term: CALCIUM carbonate; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: POLYMER solutions; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/23/37/375601
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98022565&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Haghighipour, Nader
AU  - MacQueen, Phillip J.
AU  - Mazeh, Tsevi
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto
AU  - Short, Donald R.
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Doyle, Laurance R.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
T1  - Kepler-47: A Transiting Circumbinary Multiplanet System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/09/21/
VL  - 337
IS  - 6101
M3  - Article
SP  - 1511
EP  - 1514
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We report the detection of Kepler-47, a system consisting of two planets orbiting around an eclipsing pair of stars. The inner and outer planets have radii 3.0 and 4.6 times that of Earth, respectively. The binary star consists of a Sun-like star and a companion roughly one-third its size, orbiting each other every 7.45 days. With an orbital period of 49.5 days, 18 transits of the inner planet have been observed, allowing a detailed characterization of its orbit and those of the stars. The outer planet's orbital period is 303.2 days, and although the planet is not Earth-like, it resides within the classical "habitable zone," where liquid water could exist on an Earth-like planet. With its two known planets, Kepler-47 establishes that close binary stars can host complete planetary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SPACE vehicles research
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - BINARY stars
N1  - Accession Number: 82366771; Orosz, Jerome A. 1; Email Address: orosz@sciences.sdsu.edu Welsh, William F. 1 Carter, Joshua A. 2 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3 Cochran, William D. 4 Endl, Michael 4 Ford, Eric B. 5 Haghighipour, Nader 6 MacQueen, Phillip J. 4 Mazeh, Tsevi 7 Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto 8 Short, Donald R. Torres, Guillermo 2 Agol, Eric 9 Buchhave, Lars A. 10,11 Doyle, Laurance R. 12 Isaacson, Howard 13 Lissauer, Jack J. 14 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 13 Shporer, Avi 15,16,17; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, IX 78712-0259, USA  5: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  6: Institute for Astronomy and NASA Astrobiology Institute University of Hawaii-Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  7: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel  8: Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, BOX 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  10: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  11: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Ø ster Voldgade 5-7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  12: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  13: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  14: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  15: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA  16: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  17: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 9/21/2012, Vol. 337 Issue 6101, p1511; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles research; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: BINARY stars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1228380
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gong, Yu
AU  - Andrews, Lester
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - Formation of Metal Oxyfluorides from Specific Metal Reactions with Oxygen Difluoride: Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Investigations of the OScF2 Radical and OScF with Terminal Single and Triple ScO Bonds.
JO  - Chemistry - A European Journal
JF  - Chemistry - A European Journal
Y1  - 2012/09/24/
VL  - 18
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 12446
EP  - 12451
SN  - 09476539
AB  - The scandium oxydifluoride free radical, OScF2, is produced by the spontaneous, specific reaction of laser ablated Sc atoms with OF2 in solid argon and characterized by using matrix infrared spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The OScF2 molecule is predicted to have C2 v symmetry and a 2B2 ground state with an unpaired electron located primarily on the terminal oxygen atom, which makes it a scandium difluoride molecule coordinated by a neutral oxygen atom radical in forming the ScO single bond. The closed shell singlet OScF molecule with an obtuse bent geometry has a much shorter ScO bond of 1.682 Å than that of the OScF2 radical (1.938 Å) on the basis of B3LYP calculations. The ScO bond in OScF consists of two covalent bonds and a dative bond in which the oxygen 2pπ lone pair donates electron density into an empty Sc 3d orbital thus forming a triple oxo bond. Density functional calculations suggest it is highly exothermic for fluorine transfer from OF2 to scandium, which favors the formation of the OScF2 radical species as well as the OScF molecule after fluorine loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemistry - A European Journal is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - density functional calculations
KW  - matrix isolation
KW  - oxygen
KW  - radicals
KW  - scandium
N1  - Accession Number: 80027015; Gong, Yu 1 Andrews, Lester 1 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4319 (USA), Fax: (+1) 434-924-3710  2: Stop 230-3, Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001 (USA); Source Info: Sep2012, Vol. 18 Issue 39, p12446; Author-Supplied Keyword: density functional calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: matrix isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: radicals; Author-Supplied Keyword: scandium; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/chem.201201005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=80027015&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Venter, Gerhard
AU  - Scotti, Stephen J.
AU  - Haftka, R.
T1  - Accounting for Proof Test Data in a Reliability-Based Design Optimization Framework.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 50
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2159
EP  - 2167
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper investigates the use of proof (or acceptance) test data during the reliability-based design optimization of structural components. It is assumed that every component will be proof tested and that the component will only enter into service if it passes the proof test. The goal is to reduce the component weight while maintaining high reliability by exploiting the proof test results during the design process. The proposed procedure results in the simultaneous design of the structural component as well as the proof test itself, and it provides the designer with direct control over the probability of failing the proof test. The procedure is illustrated using two analytical example problems, and the results indicate that significant weight savings are possible when exploiting the proof test results during the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - DESIGN
KW  - PROOF theory
N1  - Accession Number: 82156010; Venter, Gerhard 1; Email Address: gventer@sun.ac.za Scotti, Stephen J. 2; Email Address: Stephen.J.Scotti@nasa.gov Haftka, R.; Affiliation:  1: University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 50 Issue 10, p2159; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: DESIGN; Subject Term: PROOF theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051495
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82156010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reda, Daniel C.
AU  - Wilder, Michael C.
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh K.
AU  - Choudhari, M.
T1  - Transition Experiments on Slightly Blunted Cones with Distributed Roughness in Hypersonic Flight.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 50
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2248
EP  - 2254
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Slightly blunted cones with smooth tips and roughened frusta were flown in the NASA Ames Research Center hypersonic ballistic range through quiescent air environments at a Mach number of 10. Global surface-temperature distributions were optically measured and analyzed to determine the transition onset location on the roughened surface of each model. A series of tests was conducted over a range of freestream pressures, from which the progression of the transition front over the roughened surface was determined as a function of freestream pressure. Real-gas Navier-Stokes calculations of the laminar boundary layer were conducted at the measured flight Mach number and wall temperature at the transition onset location for each shot, and results used to predict key dimensionless parameters required to correlate transition on such configurations in hypersonic flow. For distributed roughness elements totally immersed within the laminar boundary layer, the critical-roughness-Reynolds-number correlating approach was found to well model transition onset and progression over the roughened conic frusta. The critical value of the roughness Reynolds number for transition was found to be 266 ± 20%, in agreement with the critical value of 250 ± 20% determined in earlier experiments for transition on rough blunt bodies in hypersonic free flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 82156018; Reda, Daniel C. 1 Wilder, Michael C. 1 Prabhu, Dinesh K. 2 Choudhari, M.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffen Field, California 94035-1000  2: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 50 Issue 10, p2248; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051616
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82156018&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Da
AU  - Jiang, Yi
AU  - Ding, Yujie J.
AU  - Zotova, Ioulia B.
AU  - Prasad, Narasimha S.
T1  - Approaching single-photon detection in near-infrared region.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2012/10//10/1/2012
VL  - 101
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 141126
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We have implemented a single-photon detection system in the 1.55-μm region, based on frequency up-conversion in MgO-doped periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide. We have subsequently reached a record-low dark count rate of 45 counts per second. The detectable signal photon rate, i.e., the rate for counting the up-converted photons corrected by the dark counts, noises, and losses, reaches a record-low value of 81 photons per second. Through free-space coupling, we have eliminated the dark counts induced by parametric fluorescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTON detectors
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - MAGNESIUM oxide
KW  - COUPLINGS (Gearing)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 82303273; Li, Da 1 Jiang, Yi 1 Ding, Yujie J. 1 Zotova, Ioulia B. 2 Prasad, Narasimha S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015,  2: ArkLight, P.O. Box 2, Center Valley, Pennsylvania 18034,  3: Laser Remote Sensing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: 10/1/2012, Vol. 101 Issue 14, p141126; Subject Term: PHOTON detectors; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: MAGNESIUM oxide; Subject Term: COUPLINGS (Gearing); Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333613 Mechanical Power Transmission Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4757885
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82303273&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Kim, Beomseok
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - A simple method for the determination of doping type in nanomaterials based on electrical response to humidity.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2012/10//10/1/2012
VL  - 101
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 142110
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A simple method to determine the doping type of inorganic nanomaterials is presented. The surface reaction with moisture results in distinctive electrical responses depending on the doping type of the material. The moisture acts as an electron donor, releasing electrons to the semiconductor materials. Thus, the resistance of p-type materials increases due to the withdrawal of holes, while that of n-type decreases due to electron donation. Compared to spectroscopy and Hall measurement techniques, the present method is a simple and fast approach for determining the doping types, enabling fast feedback in material research as well as in device prototyping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR doping
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - INORGANIC compounds
KW  - MOISTURE
N1  - Accession Number: 82303217; Han, Jin-Woo 1 Kim, Beomseok 1 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 2 Li, Jing 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  2: Electrical Engineering Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064,; Source Info: 10/1/2012, Vol. 101 Issue 14, p142110; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR doping; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: INORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: MOISTURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4757609
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82303217&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen, Tuan Anh
AU  - Do, Minh
AU  - Gerevini, Alfonso Emilio
AU  - Serina, Ivan
AU  - Srivastava, Biplav
AU  - Kambhampati, Subbarao
T1  - Generating diverse plans to handle unknown and partially known user preferences
JO  - Artificial Intelligence
JF  - Artificial Intelligence
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 190
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 31
SN  - 00043702
AB  - Abstract: Current work in planning with preferences assumes that user preferences are completely specified, and aims to search for a single solution plan to satisfy these. In many real world planning scenarios, however, the user may provide no knowledge or at best partial knowledge of her preferences with respect to a desired plan. In such situations, rather than presenting a single plan as the solution, the planner must instead provide a set of plans containing one or more plans that are similar to the one that the user really prefers. In this paper, we first propose the usage of different measures to capture the quality of such plan sets. These are domain-independent distance measures based on plan elements (such as actions, states, or causal links) if no knowledge of the user preferences is given, or the Integrated Convex Preference (ICP) measure in case incomplete knowledge of such preferences is provided. We then investigate various heuristic approaches to generate sets of plans in accordance with these measures, and present empirical results that demonstrate the promise of our methods. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Intelligence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANNING
KW  - THEORY of knowledge
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - QUALITY of work life
KW  - Diverse plans
KW  - Heuristics
KW  - Partial preferences
KW  - Planning
KW  - Search
N1  - Accession Number: 78544644; Nguyen, Tuan Anh 1; Email Address: natuan@asu.edu Do, Minh 2; Email Address: minh.b.do@nasa.gov Gerevini, Alfonso Emilio 3; Email Address: gerevini@ing.unibs.it Serina, Ivan 4; Email Address: ivan.serina@unibz.it Srivastava, Biplav 5; Email Address: sbiplav@in.ibm.com Kambhampati, Subbarao 1; Email Address: rao@asu.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision System Engineering, Arizona State University, Brickyard Suite 501, 699 South Mill Avenue, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  3: Dipartimento di Ingegneria dellʼInformazione, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Via Branze 38, I-25123 Brescia, Italy  4: Free University of Bozen–Bolzano, Viale Ratisbona, 16, I-39042 Bressanone, Italy  5: IBM India Research Laboratory, New Delhi and Bangalore, India; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 190, p1; Subject Term: PLANNING; Subject Term: THEORY of knowledge; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: HEURISTIC; Subject Term: QUALITY of work life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diverse plans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heuristics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partial preferences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.artint.2012.05.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78544644&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Race, Margaret
AU  - Denning, Kathryn
AU  - Bertka, Constance M.
AU  - Dick, Steven J.
AU  - Harrison, Albert A.
AU  - Impey, Christopher
AU  - Mancinelli, and Workshop Participants, Rocco
T1  - Astrobiology and Society: Building an Interdisciplinary Research Community.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 12
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 958
EP  - 965
SN  - 15311074
AB  - This paper reports recent efforts to gather experts from the humanities and social sciences along with astrobiologists to consider the cultural, societal, and psychological implications of astrobiology research and exploration. We began by convening a workshop to draft a research roadmap on astrobiology's societal implications and later formed a Focus Group on Astrobiology and Society under the auspices of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI). Just as the Astrobiology Science Roadmap and various astrobiology science focus groups have helped researchers orient and understand their work across disciplinary contexts, our intent was to apply the same approach to examine areas beyond the physical and life sciences and expand interdisciplinary interaction and scholarly understanding. These efforts continue as an experiment in progress, with an open invitation to interested researchers-astrobiologists as well as scholars in the humanities and social sciences-to become involved in research, analysis, and proactive discussions concerning the potential impacts of astrobiology on society as well as the possible impacts of society on progress in astrobiology. Key Words: Astrobiology-Extraterrestrial life-Life detection. Astrobiology 12, 958-965. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC community
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SOCIAL sciences
KW  - LIFE sciences
KW  - PARAPSYCHOLOGISTS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 90251861; Race, Margaret 1 Denning, Kathryn 2 Bertka, Constance M. 3 Dick, Steven J. 4 Harrison, Albert A. 5 Impey, Christopher 6 Mancinelli, and Workshop Participants, Rocco 7; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute-CSC, Mountain View, California, USA.  2: Department of Anthropology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.  3: Science and Society Resources, Potomac, Maryland, USA.  4: Smithsonian-NASA, Washington DC, USA.  5: Department of Psychology (retired), University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.  6: Department of Astronomy, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.  7: NASA Ames Research Center-Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 12 Issue 10, p958; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC community; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SOCIAL sciences; Subject Term: LIFE sciences; Subject Term: PARAPSYCHOLOGISTS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2011.0723
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251861&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Riviere-Marichalar, P.
AU  - Barrado, D.
AU  - Augereau, J.-C.
AU  - Thi, W. F.
AU  - Roberge, A.
AU  - Eiroa, C.
AU  - Montesinos, B.
AU  - Meeus, G.
AU  - Howard, C.
AU  - Sandell, G.
AU  - Duchêne, G.
AU  - Dent, W. R. F.
AU  - Lebreton, J.
AU  - Mendigutía, I.
AU  - Huélamo, N.
AU  - Ménard, F.
AU  - Pinte, C.
T1  - HD 172555: detection of 63 μm [OI] emission in a debris disc.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 546
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. HD 172555 is a young A7 star belonging to the β Pictoris moving group that harbours a debris disc. The Spitzer/IRS spectrum of the source showed mid-IR features such as silicates and glassy silica species, indicating the presence of a warm dust component with small grains, which places HD 172555 among the small group of debris discs with such properties. The IRS spectrum also shows a possible emission of SiO gas. Aims. We aim to study the dust distribution in the circumstellar disc of HD 172555 and to asses the presence of gas in the debris disc. Methods. As part of the GASPS open time key programme, we obtained Herschel/PACS photometric and spectroscopic observations of the source.We analysed PACS observations of HD 172555 and modelled the spectral energy distribution with a modified blackbody and the gas emission with a two-level population model with no collisional de-excitation. Results. We report for the first time the detection of [OI] atomic gas emission at 63.18 μm in the HD 172555 circumstellar disc. We detect excesses due to circumstellar dust toward HD 172555 in the three photometric bands of PACS (70, 100, and 160 μm).We derive a large dust particle mass of (4.8 ± 0.6) × 10-4 Mʘ and an atomic oxygen mass of 2.5 × 10-2R2 Mʘ, where R in AU is the separation between the star and the inner disc. Thus, most of the detected mass of the disc is in the gaseous phase [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - Kuiper belt:general
KW  - line:formation
KW  - main sequence
KW  - stars:individual:HD172555
KW  - stars:pre
N1  - Accession Number: 82877303; Riviere-Marichalar, P. 1; Email Address: riviere@cab.inta-csic.es Barrado, D. 1,2 Augereau, J.-C. 3 Thi, W. F. 3 Roberge, A. 4 Eiroa, C. 5 Montesinos, B. 1 Meeus, G. 5 Howard, C. 6 Sandell, G. 6 Duchêne, G. 3,7 Dent, W. R. F. 8 Lebreton, J. 3 Mendigutía, I. 1,5 Huélamo, N. 1 Ménard, F. 3,9 Pinte, C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Astrobiología - Depto. Astrofísica (CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus, PO Box 78, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain  2: Calar Alto Observatory, Centro Astronómico Hispano-Alemán C/Jesús Durbán Remón, 2-2, 04004 Almería, Spain  3: UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique (IPAG) UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France  4: Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA.  5: Dep. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias, UAM Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain  6: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  7: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720-3411, USA.  8: ALMA, Avda Apoquindo 3846, Piso 19, Edificio Alsacia, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile  9: Laboratorio Franco-Chileno de Astronomia (UMI 3386: CNRS - U de Chile / PUC / U Conception), Santiago, Chile; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 546 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt:general; Author-Supplied Keyword: line:formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: main sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars:individual:HD172555; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars:pre; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219745
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82877303&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burgasser, Adam J.
AU  - Luk, Christopher
AU  - Dhital, Saurav
AU  - Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella
AU  - Nicholls, Christine P.
AU  - Prato, L.
AU  - West, Andrew A.
AU  - Lépine, Sébastien
T1  - DISCOVERY OF A VERY LOW MASS TRIPLE WITH LATE-M AND T DWARF COMPONENTS: LP 704-48/SDSS J0006–0852AB.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/10//10/1/2012
VL  - 757
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the identification of the M9 dwarf SDSS J000649.16–085246.3 as a spectral binary and radial velocity (RV) variable with components straddling the hydrogen-burning mass limit. Low-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy reveals spectral features indicative of a T dwarf companion, and spectral template fitting yields component types of M8.5 ± 0.5 and T5 ± 1. High-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy with Keck/NIRSPEC reveals pronounced RV variations with a semi-amplitude of 8.2 ± 0.4 km s–1. From these we determine an orbital period of 147.6 ± 1.5 days and eccentricity of 0.10 ± 0.07, making SDSS J0006–0852AB the third tightest very low mass binary known. This system is also found to have a common proper motion companion, the inactive M7 dwarf LP 704-48, at a projected separation of 820 ± 120 AU. The lack of Hα emission in both M dwarf components indicates that this system is relatively old, as confirmed by evolutionary model analysis of the tight binary. LP 704-48/SDSS J0006–0852AB is the lowest-mass confirmed triple identified to date, and one of only seven candidate and confirmed triples with total masses below 0.3 M☼ currently known. We show that current star and brown dwarf formation models cannot produce triple systems like LP 704-48/SDSS J0006–0852AB, and we rule out Kozai-Lidov perturbations and tidal circularization as a viable mechanism to shrink the inner orbit. The similarities between this system and the recently uncovered low-mass eclipsing triples NLTT 41135AB/41136 and LHS 6343ABC suggest that substellar tertiaries may be common in wide M dwarf pairs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STELLAR masses
N1  - Accession Number: 97978343; Burgasser, Adam J. 1,2; Email Address: aburgasser@ucsd.edu Luk, Christopher 1 Dhital, Saurav 3,4 Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella 1 Nicholls, Christine P. 1 Prato, L. 5 West, Andrew A. 4 Lépine, Sébastien 6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Avenue Boston, MA 02215, USA  5: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: Department of Astrophysics, Division of Physical Sciences, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2012, Vol. 757 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corsaro, Enrico
AU  - Stello, Dennis
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Bonanno, Alfio
AU  - Brogaard, Karsten
AU  - Kallinger, Thomas
AU  - Benomar, Othman
AU  - White, Timothy R.
AU  - Mosser, Benoit
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
AU  - Elsworth, Yvonne P.
AU  - García, Rafael A.
AU  - Hekker, Saskia
AU  - Kjeldsen, Hans
AU  - Mathur, Savita
AU  - Meibom, Søren
AU  - Hall, Jennifer R.
T1  - ASTEROSEISMOLOGY OF THE OPEN CLUSTERS NGC 6791, NGC 6811, AND NGC 6819 FROM 19 MONTHS OF KEPLER PHOTOMETRY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/10//10/1/2012
VL  - 757
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We studied solar-like oscillations in 115 red giants in the three open clusters, NGC 6791, NGC 6811, and NGC 6819, based on photometric data covering more than 19 months with NASA's Kepler space telescope. We present the asteroseismic diagrams of the asymptotic parameters δν02, δν01, and ε, which show clear correlation with fundamental stellar parameters such as mass and radius. When the stellar populations from the clusters are compared, we see evidence for a difference in mass of the red giant branch stars and possibly a difference in structure of the red clump stars, from our measurements of the small separations δν02 and δν01. Ensemble échelle diagrams and upper limits to the linewidths of ℓ = 0 modes as a function of Δν of the clusters NGC 6791 and NGC 6819 are also shown, together with the correlation between the ℓ = 0 ridge width and the Teff of the stars. Lastly, we distinguish between red giant branch and red clump stars through the measurement of the period spacing of mixed dipole modes in 53 stars among all the three clusters to verify the stellar classification from the color-magnitude diagram. These seismic results also allow us to identify a number of special cases, including evolved blue stragglers and binaries, as well as stars in late He-core burning phases, which can be potentially interesting targets for detailed theoretical modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROSEISMOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RED giants
KW  - STARS -- Open clusters
KW  - CLASSIFICATION of stars
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 97978402; Corsaro, Enrico 1,2 Stello, Dennis 3 Huber, Daniel 3,4 Bedding, Timothy R. 3 Bonanno, Alfio 2 Brogaard, Karsten 5 Kallinger, Thomas 6 Benomar, Othman 3 White, Timothy R. 3 Mosser, Benoit 7 Basu, Sarbani 8 Chaplin, William J. 9,10 Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen 10,11 Elsworth, Yvonne P. 9 García, Rafael A. 10,12 Hekker, Saskia 13 Kjeldsen, Hans 11 Mathur, Savita 9,14 Meibom, Søren 15 Hall, Jennifer R. 16; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  2: I.N.A.F.-Astrophysical Observatory of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  4: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  6: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  7: LESIA-Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, F-92195 Meudon cedex, France  8: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  9: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  10: Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kohn Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  11: Danish AsteroSeismology Centre (DASC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  12: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM CNRS-Université Paris Diderot IRFU/SAp, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  13: Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  14: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  15: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  16: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2012, Vol. 757 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTROSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: STARS -- Open clusters; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION of stars; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/190
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978402&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Isensee, Karl
AU  - Olmschenk, Greg
AU  - Rudnick, Lawrence
AU  - DeLaney, Tracey
AU  - Rho, Jeonghee
AU  - Smith, J. D.
AU  - Reach, William T.
AU  - Kozasa, Takashi
AU  - Gomez, Haley
T1  - NUCLEOSYNTHETIC LAYERS IN THE SHOCKED EJECTA OF CASSIOPEIA A.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/10//10/1/2012
VL  - 757
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a three-dimensional analysis of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A using high-resolution spectra from the Spitzer Space Telescope. We observe supernova ejecta both immediately before and during the shock-ejecta interaction. We determine that the reverse shock of the remnant is spherical to within 7%, although the center of this sphere is offset from the geometric center of the remnant by 810 km s–1. We determine that the velocity width of the nucleosynthetic layers is ∼1000 km s–1 over 4000 arcsec2 regions, although the velocity width of a layer along any individual line of sight is <250 km s–1. Si and O, which come from different nucleosynthetic layers in the progenitor star, are observed to be coincident in velocity space in some directions, but segregated by up to ∼500 km s–1 in other directions. We compare these observations of the nucleosynthetic layers to predictions from supernova explosion models in an attempt to constrain such models. Finally, we observe small-scale, corrugated velocity structures that are likely caused during the supernova explosion itself, rather than hundreds of years later by dynamical instabilities at the remnant's reverse shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CASSIOPEIA (Constellation)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97978331; Isensee, Karl 1; Email Address: isensee@astro.umn.edu Olmschenk, Greg 1 Rudnick, Lawrence 1; Email Address: larry@astro.umn.edu DeLaney, Tracey 2; Email Address: delaney_t@wvwc.edu Rho, Jeonghee 3; Email Address: jrho@sofia.usra.edu Smith, J. D. 4; Email Address: jd.smith@utoledo.edu Reach, William T. 5; Email Address: reach@ipac.caltech.edu Kozasa, Takashi 6; Email Address: kozasa@mail.sci.hokudai.ac.jp Gomez, Haley 7; Email Address: haley.morgan@astro.cf.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  2: Department of Physics and Engineering, West Virginia Wesleyan College, 59 College Avenue, Buckhannon, WV 26201, USA  3: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Ritter Astrophysical Observatory, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  5: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, MS 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: Department of Cosmosciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan  7: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Wales, P.O. Box 913, Cardiff CF24 3YB, UK; Source Info: 10/1/2012, Vol. 757 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CASSIOPEIA (Constellation); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/757/2/126
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978331&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sembhi, H.
AU  - Remedios, J.
AU  - Trent, T.
AU  - Moore, D. P.
AU  - Spang, R.
AU  - Massie, S.
AU  - Vernier, J.-P.
T1  - MIPAS detection of cloud and aerosol particle occurrence in the UTLS with comparison to HIRDLS and CALIOP.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 5
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2537
EP  - 2553
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The article presents a study which compares the use of Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) in detecting cloud and aerosol particle in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) with cloud data from HIRDLS and CALIOP. The study performs simulation method to determine the threshold detection limits of MIPAS. Results show that MIPAS is considered a more effective tool for cloud data detection.
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Analysis
KW  - MICHELSON interferometer
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 83290056; Sembhi, H. 1; Email Address: hs32@le.ac.uk Remedios, J. 1 Trent, T. 1 Moore, D. P. 1 Spang, R. 2 Massie, S. 3 Vernier, J.-P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Earth Observation Science, Space Research Centre, Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK  2: Institute for Energy and Climate Research - Stratosphere (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 5 Issue 10, p2537; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Analysis; Subject Term: MICHELSON interferometer; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-5-2537-2012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83290056&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FISHMAN, J.
AU  - IRACI, L. T.
AU  - AL-SAADI, J.
AU  - CHANCE, K.
AU  - CHAVEZ, F.
AU  - CHIN, M.
AU  - COBLE, P.
AU  - DAVIS, C.
AU  - DIGIACOMO, P. M.
AU  - EDWARDS, D.
AU  - ELDERING, A.
AU  - GOES, J.
AU  - HERMAN, J.
AU  - HU, C.
AU  - JACOB, D. J.
AU  - JORDAN, C.
AU  - KAWA, S. R.
AU  - KEY, R.
AU  - LIU, X.
AU  - LOHRENZ, S.
T1  - THE UNITED STATES' NEXT GENERATION OF ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM MEASUREMENTS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 93
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1547
EP  - 1566
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission was recommended by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Earth Science Decadal Survey to measure tropospheric trace gases and aerosols and coastal ocean phytoplankton, water quality, and biogeochemistry from geostationary orbit, providing continuous observations within the field of view. To fulfill the mandate and address the challenge put forth by the NRC, two GEO-CAPE Science Working Groups (SWGs), representing the atmospheric composition and ocean color disciplines, have developed realistic science objectives using input drawn from several community workshops. The GEO-CAPE mission will take advantage of this revolutionary advance in temporal frequency for both of these disciplines. Multiple observations per day are required to explore the physical, chemical, and dynamical processes that determine tropospheric composition and air quality over spatial scales ranging from urban to continental, and over temporal scales ranging from diurnal to seasonal. Likewise, high-frequency satellite observations are critical to studying and quantifying biological, chemical, and physical processes within the coastal ocean. These observations are to be achieved from a vantage point near 95°-100°W, providing a complete view of North America as well as the adjacent oceans. The SWGs have also endorsed the concept of phased implementation using commercial satellites to reduce mission risk and cost. GEO-CAPE will join the global constellation of geostationary atmospheric chemistry and coastal ocean color sensors planned to be in orbit in the 2020 time frame. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - GASES
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - PHYTOPLANKTON
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 82581360; FISHMAN, J. 1; Email Address: jfishma2@slu.edu IRACI, L. T. 2 AL-SAADI, J. 3,4 CHANCE, K. 5 CHAVEZ, F. 6 CHIN, M. 7 COBLE, P. 8 DAVIS, C. 9 DIGIACOMO, P. M. 10 EDWARDS, D. 11 ELDERING, A. 12 GOES, J. 13 HERMAN, J. 7 HU, C. 8 JACOB, D. J. 14 JORDAN, C. 15 KAWA, S. R. 7 KEY, R. 12 LIU, X. 5 LOHRENZ, S. 16; Affiliation:  1: Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  3: NASA, Washington, D.C.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts  6: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, California  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  8: University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida  9: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon  10: NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Camp Springs, Maryland  11: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  12: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  13: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York  14: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts  15: University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire  16: University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Marine Science, Stennis Space Center, Mississippi; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 93 Issue 10, p1547; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: PHYTOPLANKTON; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00201.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82581360&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Fermi's Paradox and the End of the Universe.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 55
IS  - 10
M3  - Short Story
SP  - 112
EP  - 112
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The short story "Fermi's Paradox and the End of the Universe" by Geoffrey A. Landis is presented.
KW  - LANDIS, Geoffrey A.
KW  - FERMI'S Paradox & the End of the Universe (Short story)
N1  - Accession Number: 82153097; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Scientist, NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p112; Reviews & Products: FERMI'S Paradox & the End of the Universe (Short story); People: LANDIS, Geoffrey A.; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Short Story
L3  - 10.1145/2347736.2347760
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahorian, Stephen A.
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Karnjanadecha, Montri
T1  - Dual transmission model and related spectral content of the fetal heart sounds
JO  - Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine
JF  - Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 108
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 27
SN  - 01692607
AB  - Abstract: A dual transmission model of the fetal heart sounds is presented in which the properties of the signals received on a sensor, installed on the maternal abdominal surface, depend upon the position of the fetus. For a fetus in the occiput anterior position, the predominant spectral content lies in the frequency band 16–50Hz (“impact” mode), but for a fetus in the occiput posterior position, it lies in the frequency band 80–110Hz (“acoustic” mode). Signal processing comprises digital bandpass filtering, matched filtering, Teager energy operator, autocorrelation, and figure of merit algorithms. The digital filter permits the user to select the frequency band that best conforms to the prevailing signal mode. Clinical tests on twelve patients, with some in the occiput anterior and some in the occiput posterior fetal positions, support the validity of the dual transmission model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Methods & Programs in Biomedicine is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FETAL heart
KW  - HEART sounds
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - BANDPASS filters
KW  - AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Digital signal processing
KW  - Dual transmission model
KW  - Fetal heart monitoring
KW  - Fetal phonocardiography
KW  - Heart sound modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 79559586; Zahorian, Stephen A. 1; Email Address: zahorian@binghamton.edu Zuckerwar, Allan J. 2; Email Address: ajzuckerwar@yahoo.com Karnjanadecha, Montri 3; Email Address: montri@coe.psu.ac.th; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 238, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  3: Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 108 Issue 1, p20; Subject Term: FETAL heart; Subject Term: HEART sounds; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: BANDPASS filters; Subject Term: AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital signal processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dual transmission model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fetal heart monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fetal phonocardiography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heart sound modeling; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.12.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buchanan, Ernest D.
AU  - Benford, Dominic J.
AU  - Forgione, Joshua B.
AU  - Harvey Moseley, S.
AU  - Wollack, Edward J.
T1  - Cryogenic applications of commercial electronic components
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 52
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 550
EP  - 556
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Abstract: We have developed a range of techniques useful for constructing analog and digital circuits for operation in a liquid Helium environment (4.2K), using commercially available low power components. The challenges encountered in designing cryogenic electronics include finding components that can function usefully in the cold and possess low enough power dissipation so as not to heat the systems they are designed to measure. From design, test, and integration perspectives it is useful for components to operate similarly at room and cryogenic temperatures; however this is not a necessity. Some of the circuits presented here have been used successfully in the MUSTANG [1] and in the GISMO [2] camera to build a complete digital to analog multiplexer (which will be referred to as the Cryogenic Address Driver board). Many of the circuit elements described are of a more general nature rather than specific to the Cryogenic Address Driver board, and were studied as a part of a more comprehensive approach to addressing a larger set of cryogenic electronic needs. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - DIGITAL electronics
KW  - ANALOG multiplexers
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - SYSTEM integration
KW  - LIQUID helium
KW  - Analog
KW  - Electronics
KW  - GISMO
KW  - Liquid helium
KW  - Multiplexer
KW  - TTL
N1  - Accession Number: 82064055; Buchanan, Ernest D. 1; Email Address: Ernest.D.Buchanan@NASA.gov Benford, Dominic J. 2 Forgione, Joshua B. 3 Harvey Moseley, S. 2 Wollack, Edward J. 2; Affiliation:  1: ADNET Systems Inc., 164 Rollins Avenue Suite 303, Rockville, MD 20852, USA  2: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 52 Issue 10, p550; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: DIGITAL electronics; Subject Term: ANALOG multiplexers; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: SYSTEM integration; Subject Term: LIQUID helium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: GISMO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid helium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiplexer; Author-Supplied Keyword: TTL; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2012.06.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boccaletti, Anthony
AU  - Schneider, Jean
AU  - Traub, Wes
AU  - Lagage, Pierre-Olivier
AU  - Stam, Daphne
AU  - Gratton, Raffaele
AU  - Trauger, John
AU  - Cahoy, Kerri
AU  - Snik, Frans
AU  - Baudoz, Pierre
AU  - Galicher, Raphael
AU  - Reess, Jean-Michel
AU  - Mawet, Dimitri
AU  - Augereau, Jean-Charles
AU  - Patience, Jenny
AU  - Kuchner, Marc
AU  - Wyatt, Mark
AU  - Pantin, Eric
AU  - Maire, Anne-Lise
AU  - Vérinaud, Christophe
T1  - SPICES: spectro-polarimetric imaging and characterization of exoplanetary systems.
JO  - Experimental Astronomy
JF  - Experimental Astronomy
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 355
EP  - 384
SN  - 09226435
AB  - SPICES (Spectro-Polarimetric Imaging and Characterization of Exoplanetary Systems) is a five-year M-class mission proposed to ESA Cosmic Vision. Its purpose is to image and characterize long-period extrasolar planets and circumstellar disks in the visible (450-900 nm) at a spectral resolution of about 40 using both spectroscopy and polarimetry. By 2020/2022, present and near-term instruments will have found several tens of planets that SPICES will be able to observe and study in detail. Equipped with a 1.5 m telescope, SPICES can preferentially access exoplanets located at several AUs (0.5-10 AU) from nearby stars (<25 pc) with masses ranging from a few Jupiter masses to Super Earths (∼2 Earth radii, ∼10 M) as well as circumstellar disks as faint as a few times the zodiacal light in the Solar System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Astronomy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL spectropolarimetry
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - NEARBY stars
KW  - Exoplanets
KW  - High contrast imaging
KW  - EUROPEAN Space Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 80236044; Boccaletti, Anthony 1; Email Address: anthony.boccaletti@obspm.fr Schneider, Jean 2 Traub, Wes 3 Lagage, Pierre-Olivier 4 Stam, Daphne 5 Gratton, Raffaele 6 Trauger, John 3 Cahoy, Kerri 7 Snik, Frans 8 Baudoz, Pierre 1 Galicher, Raphael 1 Reess, Jean-Michel 1 Mawet, Dimitri 3 Augereau, Jean-Charles 9 Patience, Jenny 10 Kuchner, Marc 11 Wyatt, Mark 12 Pantin, Eric 4 Maire, Anne-Lise 1 Vérinaud, Christophe 9; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, Paris Observatory, Meudon France  2: LUTH, Paris Observatory, Meudon France  3: NASA-JPL, Pasadena USA  4: SAp/CEA, Saclay France  5: SRON, Utrecht The Netherlands  6: INAF, Padova Observatory, Padova Italy  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  8: Sterrekundig Instituut Utrecht, Utrecht The Netherlands  9: IPAG, Grenoble France  10: University of Exeter, Exeter UK  11: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt USA  12: University of Cambridge, Cambridge UK; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p355; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL spectropolarimetry; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: NEARBY stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exoplanets; Author-Supplied Keyword: High contrast imaging; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Space Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10686-012-9290-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia
AU  - Reinecker, Hans-Christian
T1  - For Application to Human Spaceflight and ISS Experiments: VESGEN Mapping of Microvascular Network Remodeling during Intestinal Inflammation.
JO  - Gravitational & Space Biology
JF  - Gravitational & Space Biology
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 12
SN  - 1089988X
AB  - Challenges to long-duration space exploration and colonization in microgravity and cosmic radiation environments by humans include poorly understood risks for gastrointestinal function and cancer. Nonetheless, constant remodeling of the intestinal microvasculature is critical for tissue viability, healthy wound healing, and successful prevention or recovery from vascular-mediated inflammatory or ischemic diseases such as cancer. Currently no automated image analysis programs provide quantitative assessments of the complex structure of the mucosal vascular system that are necessary for tracking disease development and tissue recovery. Increasing abnormalities to the microvascular network geometry were therefore mapped with VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) software from 3D tissue reconstructions of developing intestinal inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model. By several VESGEN parameters and a novel vascular network linking analysis, inflammation strongly disrupted the regular, lattice-like geometry that defines the normal microvascular network, correlating positively with the increased recruitment of dendritic cells during mucosal defense responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Gravitational & Space Biology is the property of American Society for Gravitational & Space Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SPACE medicine -- Research
KW  - CANCER research
KW  - Avascular Space
KW  - Crohn's Disease (CD)
KW  - Dendritic Cell
KW  - Gastrointestinal (GI)
KW  - Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
KW  - Ulcerative Colitis
KW  - Vascular Connectivity
KW  - Vascular Lattice
KW  - Vascular Network
KW  - VESsel GENeration Analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 84317913; Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia 1; Email Address: Patricia.A.Parsons-Wingerter@nasa.gov Reinecker, Hans-Christian 2; Affiliation:  1: Research & Technology Directorate, John H. Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, GRJ R708, Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p2; Subject Term: INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SPACE medicine -- Research; Subject Term: CANCER research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Avascular Space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crohn's Disease (CD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dendritic Cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gastrointestinal (GI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ulcerative Colitis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vascular Connectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vascular Lattice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vascular Network; Author-Supplied Keyword: VESsel GENeration Analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Himberg, Henry
AU  - Motai, Yuichi
AU  - Bradley, Arthur
T1  - Interpolation Volume Calibration: A Multisensor Calibration Technique for Electromagnetic Trackers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Robotics
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 28
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1120
EP  - 1130
SN  - 15523098
AB  - AC electromagnetic trackers are well suited for head tracking but are adversely affected by conductive and ferromagnetic materials. Tracking performance can be improved by mapping the tracking volume to produce coefficients that correct position and orientation (PnO) measurements caused by stationary distorting materials. The mapping process is expensive and time consuming, requiring complicated high-precision equipment to provide registration of the measurements to the source reference frame. In this study, we develop a new approach to mapping that provides registration of mapping measurements without precision equipment. Our method, i.e., the interpolation volume calibration system, uses two simple fixtures, each with multiple sensors in a rigid geometry, to determine sensor PnO in a distorted environment without mechanical measurements or other tracking technologies. We test our method in a distorted tracking environment, constructing a lookup table of the magnetic field that is used as the basis for distortion compensation. The new method compares favorably with the traditional approach providing a significant reduction in cost and effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Robotics is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERPOLATION
KW  - MAGNETIC devices
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - QUATERNIONS
KW  - COST control
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - AC magnetic tracking
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Interpolation
KW  - Magnetic sensors
KW  - magnetic tracker calibration
KW  - Materials
KW  - Mechanical sensors
KW  - position and orientation measurements
KW  - Quaternions
N1  - Accession Number: 82706518; Himberg, Henry 1 Motai, Yuichi 2 Bradley, Arthur 3; Affiliation:  1: Polhemus, Inc. , Colchester, USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA  3: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, USA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p1120; Subject Term: INTERPOLATION; Subject Term: MAGNETIC devices; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: QUATERNIONS; Subject Term: COST control; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: AC magnetic tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interpolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic tracker calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: position and orientation measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quaternions; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TRO.2012.2198929
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hutcheson, Florence V.
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
AU  - Humphreys, William M.
T1  - Noise radiation from a continuous mold-line link flap configuration.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2012/10//Oct-Dec2012
VL  - 11
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 531
EP  - 554
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The results of an experimental study of the noise from a Continuous Mold-Line Link (CML) flap are presented. Acoustic and unsteady surface pressure measurements were performed on a main element wing section with a half-span CML flap in NASA Langley's Quiet Flow Facility. The acoustic data were acquired with a medium aperture directional array (MADA) of microphones. The Deconvolution Approach for the Mapping of Acoustic Sources (DAMAS) method is applied to determine the spatial distribution and strength of the noise sources over the surface of the test model. A Coherent Output Power (COP) method which relates the output from unsteady surface pressure sensors to the output of the MADA is also used to obtain more detailed characteristics of the noise source distribution in the trailing edge region of the CML. These results are compared to those obtained for a blunt flap to quantify the level of noise benefit that is achieved with the CML flap. The results indicate that the noise from the CML region of the flap is 5 to 17 dB lower (depending on flap deflection and Mach number) than the noise from the side edge region of the blunt flap. Lower noise levels are obtained for all frequencies. Spectral analysis of the noise from the cove region of the CML and blunt flap models also reveal a spectral peak in the high frequency range that is related to noise scattering at the trailing edge of the main element. The peaks in the CML and blunt flap cove noise spectra are close in level and often exceed blunt side edge noise. Applying a strip of serrated tape to the trailing edge of the CML flap model main airfoil reduced the peak but increased other noise somewhat. Directivity measurements show that the CML flap can be more directional than the blunt flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - JET flaps (Airplanes)
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - ACOUSTIC localization
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - NOISE generators (Electronics)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 82724329; Hutcheson, Florence V. 1 Brooks, Thomas F. 1 Humphreys, William M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Oct-Dec2012, Vol. 11 Issue 5/6, p531; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: JET flaps (Airplanes); Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC localization; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: NOISE generators (Electronics); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hutcheson, Florence V.
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
AU  - Stead, Daniel J.
T1  - Measurement of the noise resulting from the interaction of turbulence with a lifting surface.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2012/10//Oct-Dec2012
VL  - 11
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Article
SP  - 675
EP  - 700
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - An experimental study of the noise resulting from the interaction of an airfoil with incident turbulence is presented. The test models include NACA0015 airfoils of different chord lengths, a flat plate with a sharp leading edge, and an airfoil of same section as a reference Fowler flap. The airfoils are immersed in nearly isotropic turbulence. Two approaches for performing the noise measurements are used and compared. The effects that turbulence intensity and integral length scales, airfoil geometry, velocity and angle of attack have on the incident turbulence interaction noise are examined. Detailed directivity measurements are presented. It is found that noise spectral levels beyond the peak frequency decrease at a slower rate for the sharper airfoil leading edges, and that spectral peak level (at 0° angle of attack) appears to be mostly controlled by the airfoil's thickness and chord. Increase in turbulence integral scale and intensity are observed to lead to a uniform increase of the noise spectral levels with an LI2 dependence (where L is the turbulence longitudinal integral scale and I is the turbulence intensity). Noise levels are found to scale with the 6th power of velocity and the 2nd power of the airfoil chord. Sensitivity to changes in angle of attack appears to have a turbulence longitudinal integral scale to chord (C) ratio dependence, with large effects on noise for L/C &nvge;1 and decreased effects as L/C becomes smaller than 1. For all L/C values, the directivity pattern of the noise resulting from the incident turbulence is seen to remain symmetric with respect to the direction of the mean flow until stall, at which point, the directivity becomes symmetric with respect to the airfoil chord. It is also observed that sensitivity to angle of attack changes is more pronounced on the model suction side than on the model pressure side, and in the higher frequency range of the spectra for the largest airfoils tested (L/C < 0.24). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - JET flaps (Airplanes)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 82724332; Hutcheson, Florence V. 1 Brooks, Thomas F. 1 Stead, Daniel J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aeroacoustics Branch  2: Lockheed Martin Engineering and Sciences, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Oct-Dec2012, Vol. 11 Issue 5/6, p675; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: JET flaps (Airplanes); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alexander, Amy L.
AU  - Kaber, David B.
AU  - Kim, Sang-Hwan
AU  - Stelzer, Emily M.
AU  - Kaufmann, Karl
AU  - Prinzel, Lawrence J.
T1  - Measurement and Modeling of Display Clutter in Advanced Flight Deck Technologies.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2012/10//Oct-Dec2012
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 318
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Clutter is a key concern in the design of complex displays, particularly in safety-critical domains such as aviation. The objective of this research was to investigate techniques for measuring subjective perceptions of clutter and to model the predicted impacts of clutter on pilot performance within the context of advanced flight deck technologies. Six commercial pilots flew simulated approaches under varied workload conditions with low-, medium-, and high-clutter head-up displays, rating the perceived clutter and subjective mental workload associated with each display configuration. Results revealed that high-clutter displays produced elevated reports of perceived clutter and workload due to information density or redundancy, whereas low-clutter displays were perceived as less cluttered but challenging to use due to lack of relevant information typically used during flight. A multidimensional measure of clutter was found to be more sensitive to display differences than an overall perceived rating of clutter, and low-level visual display properties were successful in predicting clutter perceptions and pilot performance. Finalized products of this research could support optimized display design through the identification of clutter thresholds and the implementation of clutter alerts, decluttering mechanisms, or both, and could be used to support display certification and acquisitions processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - EMPLOYEES -- Workload
KW  - CERTIFICATION
N1  - Accession Number: 82372021; Alexander, Amy L. 1; Email Address: amy.alexander@11.mit.edu Kaber, David B. 2 Kim, Sang-Hwan 3 Stelzer, Emily M. 4 Kaufmann, Karl 2 Prinzel, Lawrence J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Aptima, Inc., Woburn, Massachusetts  2: Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina  3: Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Michigan, Dearborn, Michigan  4: The MITRE Corporation, McLean, Virginia  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Oct-Dec2012, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p299; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: EMPLOYEES -- Workload; Subject Term: CERTIFICATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2012.718233
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
AU  - Murphy, Michael Pat
AU  - Neville, Erin C.
AU  - Neville, Matthew R.
T1  - Pilots as Weather Briefers: The Direct Use of Aviation Weather Products by General Aviation Pilots.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2012/10//Oct-Dec2012
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 367
EP  - 381
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - When planning a flight, pilots have traditionally consulted with trained weather briefers who gather, select, review, and to some extent interpret aviation weather products for them. Today, pilots can directly access these same weather products from their own computers, aircraft cockpits, and mobile devices, and choose to skip the services offered by weather briefers. A sample of 191 general aviation pilots completed a survey designed to determine how frequently they directly access weather products, how frequently they still consult with weather briefers, and which weather products pilots use and why. We identified a subset of surveyed pilots who usually or always rely solely on directly accessed weather products (approximately 25%). Although these self-briefing pilots trend toward holding higher grades of pilot certificates and make greater use of cockpit weather systems, they do not differ from other pilots in the weather products they review, and they prefer simple weather observations to more complex forecasts and descriptions of larger weather systems such as fronts and pressure regions. We explore the reasons why self-briefing pilots choose to review the products they do, and how the next generation of pilots might best be trained and supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pilots -- Certification
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - COMPUTERS
N1  - Accession Number: 82372024; Casner, Stephen M. 1; Email Address: Stephen.Casner@nasa.gov Murphy, Michael Pat 2 Neville, Erin C. 3 Neville, Matthew R. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: NOAA/NWS Aviation Weather Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA  3: San José State University Research Foundation, San José, California, USA; Source Info: Oct-Dec2012, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p367; Subject Term: AIR pilots -- Certification; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: COMPUTERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2012.718241
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, Rishi
AU  - Jungho Kim
AU  - McQuillen, John
T1  - Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on the International Space Station: Experimental Results and Model Verification.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 134
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00221481
AB  - The relatively poor understanding of gravity effects on pool boiling heat transfer can be attributed to the lack of long duration high-quality microgravity data, g-jitter associated with ground-based low gravity facilities, little data at intermediate gravity levels, and a poor understanding of the effect of important parameters even at earth gravity conditions. The results of over 200 pool boiling experiments with n-perfluorohexane as the test fluid per-formed aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are presented in this paper. A flat, trans-parent, constant temperature microheater array was used to peiform experiments over a wide range of temperatures (55 °C<TW< 1075° C), pressures (0.58 atm <P <1.86 atm), subcoolings (1 °C ≤ ΔTsub ≤ 26°C), and heater sizes (4.2 mm ≤Lh≤ 7.0 mm). The boiling process was visualized from the side and bottom. Based on this high quality microgravity data (a/g<10-6), the recently reported gravity scaling parameter for heat flux, which was primarily based on parabolic flight experiments, was modified to account for these new results. The updated model accurately predicts the experimental microgravity data to within ±20%. The robustness of this framework in predicting low gravity heat transfer is further demonstrated by predicting many of the trends in the pool boiling literature that cannot be explained by any single model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Heat Transfer is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - EBULLITION
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - gravity scaling
KW  - microgravity
KW  - Pool boiling
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 82586453; Raj, Rishi 1 Jungho Kim 1; Email Address: kimjh@umd.edu McQuillen, John 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 134 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: EBULLITION; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity scaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pool boiling; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4006846
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Friedmann, Peretz P.
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
AU  - Scully, Michael P.
T1  - A Tribute to Professor René H. Miller: A Pioneer in Aeromechanics and Rotary Wing Flight Transportation.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 57
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - René H. Miller (May 19, 1916-January 28, 2003), Emeritus H. N. Slater Professor of Flight Transportation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was one of the most influential pioneers in rotary wing aeromechanics as well as a visionary whose dream was the development of a tilt-wing/tilt-rotor-based, short-haul air transportation system. This paper pays a long overdue tribute to his memory and to his extraordinary contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 86239018; Friedmann, Peretz P. 1; Email Address: peretzf@umich.edu Johnson, Wayne 2 Scully, Michael P. 3; Affiliation:  1: François-Xavier Bagnoud Professor of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI  2: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: Emeritus Engineer, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), U.S. Army RDECOM, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 57 Issue 4, p1; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.57.042004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Phenolic polymer–surface interactions from ab initio computations.
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2012/10//10/1/2012
VL  - 110
IS  - 19/20
M3  - Article
SP  - 2371
EP  - 2380
SN  - 00268976
AB  - Test calculations show that the diamond surface binding energy of C13H11O2, the simplest model for phenolic, is virtually the same as that of C6H5. Using the C6H5 model, we compare the binding to a diamond surface, a graphene sheet, a (10, 0) nanotube, and a silica surface. The binding energy is more than 5 eV for the silica and 2.85 eV for the diamond surface. As expected, the binding energy of a second molecule at a site adjacent to the first molecule is larger than the first binding energy for the graphene sheet and the carbon nanotube, since the first C6H5 bond breaks a π bond and the second molecule bonds to the unpaired π electron created by adding the first molecule. For all of the systems, adding a C2 unit between the surface and the C6H5 group increases the binding by at least 0.51 eV and up to 2.3 eV. Part of this increase is due to the intrinsically stronger bonding for the sp hybridization and part due to a decrease in the surface–C6H5 repulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - BINDING energy
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - DFT
KW  - surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 82719177; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Lawson, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 10/1/2012, Vol. 110 Issue 19/20, p2371; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: BINDING energy; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268976.2012.683883
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
T1  - On one-electron basis set extrapolation of atomic and molecular correlation energies.
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2012/10//10/1/2012
VL  - 110
IS  - 19/20
M3  - Article
SP  - 2557
EP  - 2567
SN  - 00268976
AB  - It is well known that the convergence of correlation energies in atomic and molecular calculations is relatively slow and that calculations aimed at high accuracy must explicitly make corrections for this. In this work we consider 1e − basis set extrapolation as a means of obtaining high accuracy. The correlation consistent basis sets of Dunning et al. have provided a convenient platform for extrapolation, with the independent variable being X = D, T, Q, 5, … . There has been much debate in the literature about the functional form to use for the extrapolation, with contention between the ‘theoretically justified’ (X + 1)−3 form and empirical forms based on exponentials or variable powers. We will dissect the theoretical justification of the (X + 1)−3 form by considering MP2 calculations on He and Ne as a function of the maximum angular momentum (⪙) in the basis using basis sets having converged radial extent. Calculations with ⪙ up to 14 were carried out for Ne. It is shown that while the asymptotic form of (⪙ + 1)−3 is clearly reached, higher order terms are very important in the range of ⪙ normally used in molecular calculations. We also use similar analysis techniques for an open shell atom and a small molecule. The functional form for the dependence of molecular properties with ⪙ is complex and it is safer to extrapolate fitting parameters than energies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics)
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - correlation energies
KW  - extrapolation
KW  - one-electron basis sets
N1  - Accession Number: 82719194; Schwenke, David W. 1; Email Address: david.w.schwenke@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 258-2, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2012, Vol. 110 Issue 19/20, p2557; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: correlation energies; Author-Supplied Keyword: extrapolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: one-electron basis sets; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268976.2012.712163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Khare, B.N.
AU  - Amin, R.
AU  - Klasson, M.
AU  - Kral, T.A.
T1  - Possible sources for methane and C2–C5 organics in the plume of Enceladus
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 79
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We consider six possible sources of CH4 and other lowmass (C2–C5) organics in the plume of Enceladus: three of these sources represent initial endowments of organics: cometary organics, Titan-like tholin, and the Fisher–Tropsch type reactions in the gases from which Enceladus formed. The other three sources represent processes inside Enceladus: water–rock reactions, microbiology, and thermogenesis. We report on new laboratory results for C2 hydrocarbons released by thermogenesis of laboratory tholin and the Fisher–Tropsch type synthesis. Thermal processing of Titan-like tholin produced ratios of CH4/C2H4 and CH4/C2H6 of about two for temperatures up to 450°C and about six for a temperature of 650°C. The low pressure (∼1atm) Fisher–Tropsch type experiments produced CH4/C2H4 of ∼1.5, similar to previous results. C2H2 was not produced by either process. Tests of gas production by four strains of methanogens confirmed the absence of any detectable production of non-methane hydrocarbons. Cometary endowment, the Fisher–Tropsch type synthesis, and Titan-like tholin incorporation could be primary inputs of organics and subsequent thermal processing of any of these all are possible sources of low mass organics in the plume. Biological production and water–rock reactions are an alternative source of CH4. Aqueous reactions with CO and H2 can produce C2–C5 organics even at the low pressures of the interior of Enceladus. If there is a confirmed detection of CO and C2H2 in the plume of Enceladus, this provides an important constraint on sources, as we have identified no process, other than the initial volatile component of cometary organics, which can supply these gases. Precise determination of the relative concentrations of C1–C5 hydrocarbons may provide additional constraints on sources, but a detailed isotopic analysis of C and H in these organics and a search for amino acids constitute the next important steps in resolving the sources of the organics in Enceladus'' plume. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - ENCELADUS (Satellite)
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - Acetylene
KW  - Enceladus
KW  - Methane
KW  - Organics
KW  - Plume
N1  - Accession Number: 79806504; McKay, C.P. 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov Khare, B.N. 1 Amin, R. 1,2 Klasson, M. 1,2 Kral, T.A. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden  3: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p73; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: ENCELADUS (Satellite); Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acetylene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enceladus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plume; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.07.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poldrack, Russell A.
AU  - Mumford, Jeanette A.
AU  - Schonberg, Tom
AU  - Kalar, Donald
AU  - Barman, Bishal
AU  - Yarkoni, Tal
T1  - Discovering Relations Between Mind, Brain, and Mental Disorders Using Topic Mapping.
JO  - PLoS Computational Biology
JF  - PLoS Computational Biology
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 1553734X
AB  - Neuroimaging research has largely focused on the identification of associations between brain activation and specific mental functions. Here we show that data mining techniques applied to a large database of neuroimaging results can be used to identify the conceptual structure of mental functions and their mapping to brain systems. This analysis confirms many current ideas regarding the neural organization of cognition, but also provides some new insights into the roles of particular brain systems in mental function. We further show that the same methods can be used to identify the relations between mental disorders. Finally, we show that these two approaches can be combined to empirically identify novel relations between mental disorders and mental functions via their common involvement of particular brain networks. This approach has the potential to discover novel endophenotypes for neuropsychiatric disorders and to better characterize the structure of these disorders and the relations between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS Computational Biology is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAIN imaging
KW  - BRAIN mapping
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - NEUROBEHAVIORAL disorders
KW  - MEDICAL research
N1  - Accession Number: 83529244; Poldrack, Russell A. 1; Email Address: poldrack@mail.utexas.edu Mumford, Jeanette A. 1 Schonberg, Tom 1 Kalar, Donald 2 Barman, Bishal 3 Yarkoni, Tal 4; Affiliation:  1: Imaging Research Center and Departments of Psychology and Neurobiology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, United States of America  3: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America  4: Department of Psychology, Colorado University, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 8 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: BRAIN imaging; Subject Term: BRAIN mapping; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: NEUROBEHAVIORAL disorders; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002707
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Tianshu
AU  - Burner, Alpheus W.
AU  - Jones, Thomas W.
AU  - Barrows, Danny A.
T1  - Photogrammetric techniques for aerospace applications
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 54
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 58
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Abstract: Photogrammetric techniques have been used for measuring the important physical quantities in both ground and flight testing including aeroelastic deformation, attitude, position, shape and dynamics of objects such as wind tunnel models, flight vehicles, rotating blades and large space structures. The distinct advantage of photogrammetric measurement is that it is a non-contact, global measurement technique. Although the general principles of photogrammetry are well known particularly in topographic and aerial survey, photogrammetric techniques require special adaptation for aerospace applications. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic summary of photogrammetric techniques for aerospace applications based on diverse sources. It is useful mainly for aerospace engineers who want to use photogrammetric techniques, but it also gives a general introduction for photogrammetrists and computer vision scientists to new applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - PHOTOGRAMMETRY
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - AERIAL surveys
KW  - Flight testing
KW  - Optical measurements
KW  - Photogrammetry
KW  - Space structure
KW  - Wind tunnel
N1  - Accession Number: 79481400; Liu, Tianshu 1; Email Address: tianshu.liu@wmich.edu Burner, Alpheus W. 2 Jones, Thomas W. 3 Barrows, Danny A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA  2: Jacobs Technology NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 54, p1; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAMMETRY; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: AERIAL surveys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flight testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photogrammetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind tunnel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541370 Surveying and Mapping (except Geophysical) Services; Number of Pages: 58p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2012.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Hong, Gang
AU  - Kirk Ayers, J.
AU  - Smith Jr, William L.
AU  - Yost, Christopher R.
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew J.
AU  - Heymsfield, Gerald M.
AU  - Hlavka, Dennis L.
AU  - King, Michael D.
AU  - Korn, Errol
AU  - McGill, Matthew J.
AU  - Selkirk, Henry B.
AU  - Thompson, Anne M.
AU  - Tian, Lin
AU  - Yang, Ping
T1  - Simulations of Infrared Radiances over a Deep Convective Cloud System Observed during TC4: Potential for Enhancing Nocturnal Ice Cloud Retrievals.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 4
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3022
EP  - 3054
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Retrievals of ice cloud properties using infrared measurements at 3.7, 6.7, 7.3, 8.5, 10.8, and 12.0 μm can provide consistent results regardless of solar illumination, but are limited to cloud optical thicknesses τ < ∼6. This paper investigates the variations in radiances at these wavelengths over a deep convective cloud system for their potential to extend retrievals of τ and ice particle size De to optically thick clouds. Measurements from an imager, an interferometer, the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL), and the Cloud Radar System (CRS) aboard the NASA ER-2 aircraft during the NASA TC4 (Tropical Composition, Cloud and Climate Coupling) experiment flight during 5 August 2007, are used to examine the retrieval potential of infrared radiances over optically thick ice clouds. Simulations based on coincident in situ measurements and combined cloud τ from CRS and CPL measurements are comparable to the observations. They reveal that brightness temperatures at these bands and their differences (BTD) are sensitive to τ up to ∼20 and that for ice clouds having τ > 20, the 3.7-10.8 μm and 3.7-6.7 μm BTDs are the most sensitive to De. Satellite imagery appears to be consistent with these results suggesting that τ and De could be retrieved for greater optical thicknesses than previously assumed. But, because of sensitivity of the BTDs to uncertainties in the atmospheric profiles of temperature, humidity, and ice water content, and sensor noise, exploiting the small BTD signals in retrieval algorithms will be very challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - clouds
KW  - multispectral thermal infrared
KW  - optical depth
KW  - particle size
KW  - satellite
KW  - TC4
N1  - Accession Number: 82855538; Minnis, Patrick 1; Email Address: p.minnis@nasa.gov Hong, Gang 2; Email Address: gang.hong@nasa.gov Kirk Ayers, J. 2; Email Address: j.k.ayers@nasa.gov Smith Jr, William L. 1; Email Address: william.l.smith@nasa.gov Yost, Christopher R. 2; Email Address: gerald.m.heymsfield@nasa.gov Heymsfield, Andrew J. 3 Heymsfield, Gerald M. 4; Email Address: heyms1@ucar.edu Hlavka, Dennis L. 5; Email Address: dennis.l.hlavka@nasa.gov King, Michael D. 6; Email Address: Michael.king@lasp.colorado.edu Korn, Errol 3; Email Address: korn@ucar.edu McGill, Matthew J. 4; Email Address: matthew.j.mcgill@nasa.gov Selkirk, Henry B. 7; Email Address: henry.b.selkirk@nasa.gov Thompson, Anne M. 8; Email Address: amt16@meteo.psu.edu Tian, Lin 9; Email Address: lin.tian-1@nasa.gov Yang, Ping 10; Email Address: pyang@ariel.met.tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Earth System Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA  6: LASP, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  7: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  8: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16802, USA  9: GESTAR, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA  10: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 4 Issue 10, p3022; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Author-Supplied Keyword: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: multispectral thermal infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: particle size; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: TC4; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 17 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs4103022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Acar, E.
AU  - Basaran, B.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Bigelow, G.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Yang, F.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Effects of aging on [111] oriented NiTiHfPd single crystals under compression
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 67
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 728
EP  - 731
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The effects of aging on the shape memory properties of [111] oriented Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Pd5 single crystals were investigated under compression. Thermal cycling under stress and superelasticity experiments were conducted after 3h aging at 550 and 600°C and were found to be dependent on aging condition. Reversible strain of up to 2.2% and a work output of 33Jcm−3 were possible at an ultra-high stress level of 1500MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - METALS -- Compression testing
KW  - SHAPE memory effect
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - METAL crystals
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Damping </ce:keyword> ( Ageing , High strength shape memory alloys )
KW  - Phase transformation
N1  - Accession Number: 79339260; Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Acar, E. 1 Basaran, B. 2 Noebe, R.D. 3 Bigelow, G. 3 Garg, A. 3 Yang, F. 4 Mills, M.J. 4 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Material Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  5: Siberian Physical-Technical Institute at Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 67 Issue 7/8, p728; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: METALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: SHAPE memory effect; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: METAL crystals; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Damping </ce:keyword> ( Ageing , High strength shape memory alloys ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.06.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaufmann, Pierre
AU  - Holman, Gordon
AU  - Su, Yang
AU  - Gimenez de Castro, C.
AU  - Correia, Emilia
AU  - Fernandes, Luis
AU  - Souza, Rodney
AU  - Marun, Adolfo
AU  - Pereyra, Pablo
T1  - Unusual Emissions at Various Energies Prior to the Impulsive Phase of the Large Solar Flare and Coronal Mass Ejection of 4 November 2003.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 279
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 465
EP  - 475
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
AB  - The GOES X28 flare of 4 November 2003 was the largest ever recorded in its class. It produced the first evidence for two spectrally separated emission components, one at microwaves and the other in the THz range of frequencies. We analyzed the pre-flare phase of this large flare, twenty minutes before the onset of the major impulsive burst. This period is characterized by unusual activity in X-rays, sub-THz frequencies, H α, and microwaves. The CME onset occurred before the onset of the large burst by about 6 min. It was preceded by pulsations of 3 - 5 s periods at sub-THz frequencies together with X-ray and microwave enhancements. The sub-THz pulsations faded out as impulsive bursts were detected at 100 - 300 keV and 7 GHz, close to the time of the first Hα brightening and the CME onset. The activities detected prior to and at the CME onset were located nearly 2 arcmin south of the following large flare, suggesting they were separate events. This unusual activity brings new clues to understanding the complex energy buildup mechanisms prior to the CME onset, occurring at a distinct location and well before the major flare that exploded afterwards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - CORONAL mass ejections
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - X-ray bursts
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - CME precursors
KW  - Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)
KW  - Solar flares
KW  - Sub-THz emissions
KW  - X-ray emissions
N1  - Accession Number: 77736182; Kaufmann, Pierre; Email Address: kaufmann@craam.mackenzie.br Holman, Gordon 1 Su, Yang Gimenez de Castro, C. 2 Correia, Emilia Fernandes, Luis 2 Souza, Rodney 2 Marun, Adolfo 3 Pereyra, Pablo 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 671, Greenbelt 20771 USA  2: Escola de Engenharia, CRAAM, Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo 01302970 Brazil  3: Complejo Astronômico El Leoncito, CONICET, San Juan Argentina; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 279 Issue 2, p465; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: CORONAL mass ejections; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: X-ray bursts; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: CME precursors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar flares; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-THz emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray emissions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-012-0040-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norris, Kate J.
AU  - Wong, Vernon K.
AU  - Onishi, Takehiro
AU  - Lohn, Andrew J.
AU  - Coleman, Elane
AU  - Tompa, Gary S.
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy analysis of the evolution of ErSb on InSb
JO  - Surface Science
JF  - Surface Science
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 606
IS  - 19/20
M3  - Article
SP  - 1556
EP  - 1559
SN  - 00396028
AB  - Abstract: We discuss an ex-situ monitoring technique based on glancing-angle infrared-absorption used to determine small amounts of erbium antimonide (ErSb) deposited on an indium antimonide (InSb) layer epitaxially grown on an InSb (100) substrate by low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Infrared absorption from the indium–hydrogen (Inhing mode at 1754.5cm−1 associated with a top most surface of an epitaxial InSb layer was used to compare varying levels of surface coverage with ErSb. Among four samples of varying coverage of ErSb deposition (7.2 to 21.5 monolayers), detected infrared absorption peaks distinct to Ind as ErSb surface coverage increased. In the early stage of ErSb deposition, our study suggests that outermost indium atoms in the InSb buffer layer are replaced by Er resulting in increase in absorption associated with the Insing this simple ex-situ technique, we show that it is possible to calibrate the amount of ErSb deposited atop each individual InSb substrate for depositions of few to tens of monolayers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ERBIUM compounds
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - INDIUM antimonide crystals
KW  - METAL organic chemical vapor deposition
KW  - INFRARED absorption
KW  - MONOMOLECULAR films
KW  - AFM
KW  - ErSb
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Infrared absorption
KW  - InSb
KW  - Island
KW  - MOCVD
KW  - Surface coverage
N1  - Accession Number: 78143292; Norris, Kate J. 1,2 Wong, Vernon K. 1,2 Onishi, Takehiro 1 Lohn, Andrew J. 1,2 Coleman, Elane 3 Tompa, Gary S. 3 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Email Address: nobby@soe.ucsc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States  2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States  3: Structured Materials Industries, Inc., Piscataway, NJ, United States; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 606 Issue 19/20, p1556; Subject Term: ERBIUM compounds; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: INDIUM antimonide crystals; Subject Term: METAL organic chemical vapor deposition; Subject Term: INFRARED absorption; Subject Term: MONOMOLECULAR films; Author-Supplied Keyword: AFM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ErSb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: InSb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Island; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOCVD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface coverage; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.susc.2012.06.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zang, Thomas
T1  - On the expression of uncertainty intervals in engineering.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 403
EP  - 414
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - The paper summarizes the terminology of the statistics and probability disciplines as they pertain to uncertainty quantification in engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - Engineering
KW  - Intervals
KW  - Statistics
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization
N1  - Accession Number: 82472474; Zang, Thomas 1; Email Address: tzangmands@wildblue.net; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681-2199 USA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 26 Issue 5, p403; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intervals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Organization for Standardization; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-012-0273-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barth, Timothy
T1  - On the propagation of statistical model parameter uncertainty in CFD calculations.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2012/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 457
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - This work considers a new class of finite-volume approximations for scalar and system nonlinear conservation laws with multiple sources of stochastic model parameter uncertainty. The deterministic propagation of model parameter uncertainty is achieved through the introduction of additional stochastic coordinates. Particular attention is given to the construction of specialized piecewise polynomial approximation spaces well suited to the high-order accurate approximation of solution discontinuities in both physical and stochastic dimensions without exhibiting Gibbs-like oscillations characteristic of polynomial approximation. The proposed discretization easily retrofits existing finite-volume CFD codes in use today. Numerical results are presented for inviscid Burgers equation with uncertain initial data as well as the compressible Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with uncertain boundary data and turbulence model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STATISTICAL models
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Finite-volume methods
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
N1  - Accession Number: 82472478; Barth, Timothy 1; Email Address: Timothy.J.Barth@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 26 Issue 5, p435; Subject Term: STATISTICAL models; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-volume methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 7 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-011-0221-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swan, James W.
AU  - Vasquez, Paula A.
AU  - Whitson, Peggy A.
AU  - Fincke, E. Michael
AU  - Wakata, Kokhi
AU  - Magnus, Sandra H.
AU  - De Winne, Frank
AU  - Barratt, Michael R.
AU  - Agui, Juan H.
AU  - Green, Robert D.
AU  - Hall, Nancy R.
AU  - Bohman, Donna Y.
AU  - Bunnell, Charles T.
AU  - Gast, Alice P.
AU  - Furst, Eric M.
T1  - Multi-scale kinetics of a field-directed colloidal phase transition.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/10/02/
VL  - 109
IS  - 40
M3  - Article
SP  - 16023
EP  - 16028
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Polarizable colloids are expected to form crystalline equilibrium phases when exposed to a steady, uniform field. However, when colloids become localized this field-induced phase transition arrests and the suspension persists indefinitely as a kinetically trapped, percolated structure. We anneal such gels formed from magneto-rheological fluids by toggling the field strength at varied frequencies. This processing allows the arrested structure to relax periodically to equilibrium-colloid-rich, cylindrical columns. Two distinct growth regimes are observed: one in which particle domains ripen through diffusive relaxation of the gel, and the other where the system-spanning structure collapses and columnar domains coalesce apparently through field-driven interactions. There is a stark boundary as a function of magnetic field strength and toggle frequency distinguishing the two regimes. These results demonstrate how kinetic barriers to a colloidal phase transition are subverted through measured, periodic variation of driving forces. Such directed assembly may be harnessed to create unique materials from dispersions of colloids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL fluids
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - COMPLEX fluids
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - complex fluids
KW  - magneto-rheological fluid
KW  - microgravity science
N1  - Accession Number: 82197736; Swan, James W. 1 Vasquez, Paula A. 1 Whitson, Peggy A. 2 Fincke, E. Michael 2 Wakata, Kokhi 2 Magnus, Sandra H. 2 De Winne, Frank 3 Barratt, Michael R. 2 Agui, Juan H. 4 Green, Robert D. 4 Hall, Nancy R. 4 Bohman, Donna Y. 4 Bunnell, Charles T. 5 Gast, Alice P. 6 Furst, Eric M. 1; Email Address: furst@udel.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Center for Molecular and Engineering Thermodynamics, Allan P. Colburn Laboratory, 150 Academy Street, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058  3: European Space Agency, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  5: Zin Technologies Inc., 6745 Engle Road, Cleveland, OH 44130  6: Lehigh University, Office of the President and Department of Chemical Engineering, 27 Memorial Drive West, Bethlehem, PA 18015; Source Info: 10/2/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 40, p16023; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: MAGNETORHEOLOGICAL fluids; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: COMPLEX fluids; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: complex fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: magneto-rheological fluid; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity science; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1206915109
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tadić, Jovan M.
AU  - Lai Xu
T1  - Ab Initio and Density Functional Theory Study of Keto--Enol Equilibria of Deltic Acid in Gas and Aqueous Solution Phase: A Bimolecular Proton Transfer Mechanism.
JO  - Journal of Organic Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Organic Chemistry
Y1  - 2012/10/05/
VL  - 77
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 8621
EP  - 8626
SN  - 00223263
AB  - Keto--enol tautomerism in deltic acid (2,3-dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one) has been studied using ab initio methods and the B3LYP functional of density functional theory, as well as complete basis set (CBS-QB3 and CBS-APNO) and G4 methods. Relative and absolute energies were calculated with each of the methods, whereas computations of geometries and harmonic frequencies for dihydroxycyclopropenone and hydroxycyclopropanedione were computed in the gas phase but were limited to HF, MP2, and the B3LYP functional, in combination with the 6-31++G(3df,3pd) basis set. Using the MP2/6-31++G(3df,3pd) gas phase optimized structure, each species was then optimized fully in aqueous solution by using the polarizable continuum model (PCM) self-consistent reaction field approach, in which HF, MP2, and B3LYP levels of theory were utilized, with the same 6-31++G(3df,3pd) basis set. In both gas and aqueous solution phases, the keto form is higher in energy for all of the model chemistries considered. From the B3LYP/6-31++G(3df,3pd) Gibbs free energy, the keto--enol tautomeric equilibrium constant for 2,3-dihydroxycycloprop-2-en-1-one/3-hydroxy-1,2-cyclopropanedione is computed to be KT(gas) = 2.768 x 10-12 and KT(aq) = 5.469 x 10-14. It is concluded that the enol form is overwhelmingly predominant in both environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Organic Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - TAUTOMERISM
KW  - ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry)
KW  - AQUEOUS solutions
KW  - PROTON transfer reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 82690359; Tadić, Jovan M. 1; Email Address: jotadic@lycos.com Lai Xu 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  2: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States; Source Info: 10/5/2012, Vol. 77 Issue 19, p8621; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: TAUTOMERISM; Subject Term: ORGANIC synthesis (Chemistry); Subject Term: AQUEOUS solutions; Subject Term: PROTON transfer reactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rocha, Joana
AU  - Palumbo, Daniel
T1  - On the sensitivity of sound power radiated by aircraft panels to turbulent boundary layer parameters
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2012/10/08/
VL  - 331
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 4785
EP  - 4806
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: The objective of the present study is to investigate and quantify how sensitive the response of an aircraft panel is to the change of the turbulent flow parameters. Several empirical models currently exist that provide the turbulent boundary layer wall pressure cross spectrum. These wall pressure cross spectrum models are usually dependent on four parameters: the reference power spectrum, the flow convective velocity, and the coherence lengths in streamwise and spanwise directions. All the proposed models provide different predictions for the wall pressure cross spectrum. Also, real flow conditions over aircraft do not conform to the ideal behavior of the turbulent boundary layer pressure predicted by the models. In this context, the questions that this work aims to explore are “What is the impact of different wall pressure estimates in the radiated sound power?” and “What is the effect of the range of possible flow conditions on the radiated sound power?”. For that objective, data from flight tests and estimates provided by the empirical models are used to predict radiated sound power, and the results are compared. A sensitivity analysis is performed and the relative contribution of each boundary layer parameter to the radiated sound power is obtained. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - SOUND
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - ESTIMATES
KW  - COHERENT states
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 77570355; Rocha, Joana 1; Email Address: jdarocha@uvic.ca Palumbo, Daniel 2; Email Address: d.l.palumbo@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Victoria, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 2Y2  2: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, 2 North Dryden Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 331 Issue 21, p4785; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: SOUND; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: ESTIMATES; Subject Term: COHERENT states; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2012.05.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Dupuy, Trent J.
AU  - Bowler, Brendan P.
AU  - Leggett, S. K.
AU  - Best, William M. J.
T1  - TWO EXTRAORDINARY SUBSTELLAR BINARIES AT THE T/Y TRANSITION AND THE Y-BAND FLUXES OF THE COOLEST BROWN DWARFS ,.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/10/10/
VL  - 758
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Using Keck laser guide star adaptive optics imaging, we have found that the T9 dwarf WISE J1217+1626 and T8 dwarf WISE J1711+3500 are exceptional binaries, with unusually wide separations (≈0.″8, 8-15 AU), large near-IR flux ratios (≈2-3 mag), and small mass ratios (≈0.5) compared to previously known field ultracool binaries. Keck/NIRSPEC H-band spectra give a spectral type of Y0 for WISE J1217+1626B, and photometric estimates suggest T9.5 for WISE J1711+3500B. The WISE J1217+1626AB system is very similar to the T9+Y0 binary CFBDSIR J1458+1013AB; these two systems are the coldest known substellar multiples, having secondary components of ≈400 K and being planetary-mass binaries if their ages are ≲1 Gyr. Both WISE J1217+1626B and CFBDSIR J1458+1013B have strikingly blue Y – J colors compared to previously known T dwarfs, including their T9 primaries. Combining all available data, we find that Y – J color drops precipitously between the very latest T dwarfs and the Y dwarfs. The fact that this is seen in (coeval, mono-metallicity) binaries demonstrates that the color drop arises from a change in temperature, not surface gravity or metallicity variations among the field population. Thus, the T/Y transition established by near-IR spectra coincides with a significant change in the ≈1 μm fluxes of ultracool photospheres. One explanation is the depletion of potassium, whose broad absorption wings dominate the far-red optical spectra of T dwarfs. This large color change suggests that far-red data may be valuable for classifying objects of ≲500 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - STARS
KW  - OPTICAL spectra
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 97978455; Liu, Michael C. 1,2 Dupuy, Trent J. 3,4 Bowler, Brendan P. 1 Leggett, S. K. 5 Best, William M. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Hubble Fellow.  5: Gemini Observatory, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Source Info: 10/10/2012, Vol. 758 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectra; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/758/1/57
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Faimali, A.
AU  - Thompson, M. A.
AU  - Hindson, L.
AU  - Urquhart, J. S.
AU  - Pestalozzi, M.
AU  - Carey, S.
AU  - Shenoy, S.
AU  - Veneziani, M.
AU  - Molinari, S.
AU  - Clark, J. S.
T1  - The G305 star-forming complex: embedded massive star formation discovered by Herschel Hi-GAL The G305 star-forming complex: embedded massive star formation discovered by Herschel Hi-GAL*.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/10/11/
VL  - 426
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 402
EP  - 415
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present a Herschel far-infrared study towards the rich massive star-forming complex G305, utilizing PACS 70, 160 μm and SPIRE 250, 350, and 500 μm observations from the Hi-GAL survey of the Galactic plane. The focus of this study is to identify the embedded massive star-forming population within G305, by combining far-infrared data with radio continuum, H2O maser, methanol maser, MIPS and Red MSX Source survey data available from previous studies. By applying a frequentist technique we are able to identify a sample of the most likely associations within our multiwavelength data set, which can then be identified from the derived properties obtained from fitted spectral energy distributions (SEDs). By SED modelling using both a simple modified blackbody and fitting to a comprehensive grid of model SEDs, some 16 candidate associations are identified as embedded massive star-forming regions. We derive a two-selection colour criterion from this sample of log ( F70/ F500) ≥ 1 and log ( F160/ F350) ≥ 1.6 to identify an additional 31 embedded massive star candidates with no associated star formation tracers. Using this result we can build a picture of the present-day star formation of the complex, and by extrapolating an initial mass function, suggest a current population of ≈2 × 104 young stellar objects (YSOs) present, corresponding to a star formation rate (SFR) of 0.01-0.02 M⊙ yr−1. Comparing this resolved SFR, to extragalactic SFR tracers (based on the Kennicutt-Schmidt relation), we find that the star formation activity is underestimated by a factor of ≥2 in comparison to the SFR derived from the YSO population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - H II regions (Astrophysics)
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - H  ii regions
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 80202704; Faimali, A. 1 Thompson, M. A. 1 Hindson, L. 1,2 Urquhart, J. S. 3 Pestalozzi, M. 4 Carey, S. 5 Shenoy, S. 6 Veneziani, M. 5 Molinari, S. 4 Clark, J. S. 7; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire  2: ATNF, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science  3: Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie  4: Instituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, CNR  5: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology  6: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 426 Issue 1, p402; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: H II regions (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: H  ii regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21765.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orosz, Jerome A.
AU  - Welsh, William F.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Brugamyer, Erik
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - MacQueen, Phillip
AU  - Short, Donald R.
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Windmiller, Gur
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Clarke, Bruce D.
AU  - Doyle, Laurance R.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Haghighipour, Nader
T1  - THE NEPTUNE-SIZED CIRCUMBINARY PLANET KEPLER-38b.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/10/20/
VL  - 758
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We discuss the discovery and characterization of the circumbinary planet Kepler-38b. The stellar binary is single-lined, with a period of 18.8 days, and consists of a moderately evolved main-sequence star (MA = 0.949 ± 0.059 M☼ and RA = 1.757 ± 0.034 R☼) paired with a low-mass star (MB = 0.249 ± 0.010 M☼ and RB = 0.2724 ± 0.0053 R☼) in a mildly eccentric (e = 0.103) orbit. A total of eight transits due to a circumbinary planet crossing the primary star were identified in the Kepler light curve (using Kepler Quarters 1-11), from which a planetary period of 105.595 ± 0.053 days can be established. A photometric dynamical model fit to the radial velocity curve and Kepler light curve yields a planetary radius of 4.35 ± 0.11 R⊕, or equivalently 1.12 ± 0.03 RNep. Since the planet is not sufficiently massive to observably alter the orbit of the binary from Keplerian motion, we can only place an upper limit on the mass of the planet of 122 M⊕ (7.11 MNep or equivalently 0.384 MJup) at 95% confidence. This upper limit should decrease as more Kepler data become available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CIRCUMBINARY planets
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STARS
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 97978535; Orosz, Jerome A. 1 Welsh, William F. 1 Carter, Joshua A. 2,3 Brugamyer, Erik 4 Buchhave, Lars A. 5,6 Cochran, William D. 4 Endl, Michael 4 Ford, Eric B. 7 MacQueen, Phillip 4 Short, Donald R. 1 Torres, Guillermo 2 Windmiller, Gur 1 Agol, Eric 8 Barclay, Thomas 9,10 Caldwell, Douglas A. 9,11 Clarke, Bruce D. 9,11 Doyle, Laurance R. 11 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3,12 Geary, John C. 2 Haghighipour, Nader 13; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Hubble Fellow.  4: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA  5: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  6: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  7: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  11: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  12: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  13: Institute for Astronomy and NASA Astrobiology Institute University of Hawaii-Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2012, Vol. 758 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CIRCUMBINARY planets; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/758/2/87
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Page, M. J.
AU  - Brindle, C.
AU  - Talavera, A.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Rosen, S. R.
AU  - Yershov, V. N.
AU  - Ziaeepour, H.
AU  - Mason, K. O.
AU  - Cropper, M. S.
AU  - Breeveld, A. A.
AU  - Loiseau, N.
AU  - Mignani, R.
AU  - Smith, A.
AU  - Murdin, P.
T1  - The XMM-Newton serendipitous ultraviolet source survey catalogue.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/10/21/
VL  - 426
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 903
EP  - 926
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT The XMM-Newton Serendipitous Ultraviolet Source Survey (XMM-SUSS) is a catalogue of ultraviolet (UV) sources detected serendipitously by the Optical Monitor (XMM-OM) on board the XMM-Newton observatory. The catalogue contains UV-detected sources collected from 2417 XMM-OM observations in one to six broad-band UV and optical filters, made between 2000 February 24 and 2007 March 29. The primary contents of the catalogue are source positions, magnitudes and fluxes in one to six passbands, and these are accompanied by profile diagnostics and variability statistics. XMM-SUSS is populated by 753 578 UV source detections above a 3σ signal-to-noise ratio threshold limit which relate to 624 049 unique objects. Taking account of substantial overlaps between observations, the net sky area covered is 29-54 deg2, depending on UV filter. The magnitude distributions peak at mAB = 20.2, 20.9 and 21.2 in UVW2 (λeff = 2120 Å), UVM2 (λeff = 2310 Å) and UVW1 (λeff = 2910 Å), respectively. More than 10 per cent of the sources have been visited more than once using the same filter during XMM-Newton operation, and >20 per cent of sources are observed more than once per filter during an individual visit. Consequently, the scope for science based on temporal source variability on time-scales of hours to years is broad. By comparison with other astrophysical catalogues we test the accuracy of the source measurements and define the nature of the serendipitous UV XMM-OM source sample. The distributions of source colours in the UV and optical filters are shown together with the expected loci of stars and galaxies, and indicate that sources which are detected in multiple UV bands are predominantly star-forming galaxies and stars of type G or earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Catalogs
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET astronomy
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - astrometry
KW  - catalogues
KW  - galaxies: photometry
KW  - stars: general
KW  - ultraviolet: general
KW  - XMM-Newton Observatory (Artificial satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 82069913; Page, M. J. 1 Brindle, C. 1 Talavera, A. 2 Still, M. 1,3 Rosen, S. R. 1,4 Yershov, V. N. 1 Ziaeepour, H. 1,5 Mason, K. O. 1,6 Cropper, M. S. 1 Breeveld, A. A. 1 Loiseau, N. 2 Mignani, R. 1,7 Smith, A. 1 Murdin, P. 8; Affiliation:  1: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London  2: XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre, ESA, Villafranca del Castillo  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester  5: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)  6: Science and Technology Facilicities Council, Polaris House  7: Kepler Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra  8: Institute of Astronomy; Source Info: Oct2012, Vol. 426 Issue 2, p903; Subject Term: STARS -- Catalogs; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET astronomy; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: catalogues; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet: general; Company/Entity: XMM-Newton Observatory (Artificial satellite); Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 13 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21706.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, M.
AU  - Bobskill, M.R.
AU  - Wilhite, A.
T1  - Historical volume estimation and a structured method for calculating habitable volume for in-space and surface habitats
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 80
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
EP  - 81
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Habitable volume is an important spacecraft design figure of merit necessary to determine the required size of crewed space vehicles, or habitats. In order to design habitats for future missions and properly compare the habitable volumes of future habitat designs with historical spacecraft, consistent methods of both defining the required amount of habitable volume and estimating the habitable volume for a given layout are required. This paper provides a brief summary of historical habitable volume requirements and describes the appropriate application of requirements to various types of missions, particularly highlighting the appropriate application for various gravity environments. Then the proposed “Marching Grid Method”, a structured automatic, numerical method to calculate habitable volume for a given habitat design, is described in detail. This method uses a set of geometric Boolean tests applied to a discrete set of points within the pressurized volume to numerically estimate the functionally usable and accessible space that comprises the habitable volume. The application of this method to zero gravity and nonzero gravity environments is also discussed. This proposed method is then demonstrated by calculating habitable volumes using two conceptual-level layouts of habitat designs, one for each type of gravity environment. These include the US Laboratory Module on ISS and the Scenario 12.0 Pressurized Core Module from the recent NASA Lunar Surface Systems studies. Results of this study include a description of the effectiveness of this method for various resolutions of the investigated grid, and commentary highlighting the use of this method to determine the overall utility of interior configurations for automatically evaluating interior layouts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL atmospheres (Space environment)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - BOOLEAN algebra
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Accessibility
KW  - Boolean test
KW  - Collision detection
KW  - Gravity environment
KW  - Habitability
KW  - Habitable volume
KW  - Habitat
KW  - Interior
KW  - Mission duration
KW  - Numerical method
KW  - Pressurized volume
KW  - Requirements
KW  - Spacecraft design
KW  - Utility
KW  - Volume
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 79186091; Simon, M. 1; Email Address: msimon@gatech.edu Bobskill, M.R. 2 Wilhite, A. 1; Email Address: wilhite@nianet.org; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Hampton, VA, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 80, p65; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL atmospheres (Space environment); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Design & construction; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: BOOLEAN algebra; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accessibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boolean test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collision detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitable volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission duration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressurized volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Utility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volume; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.04.041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, George R.
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
AU  - Oleson, Steven R.
T1  - Human Exploration using Real-Time Robotic Operations (HERRO): A space exploration strategy for the 21st century
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 80
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 113
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents an exploration strategy for human missions beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and the Moon that combines the best features of human and robotic spaceflight. This “Human Exploration using Real-time Robotic Operations” (HERRO) strategy refrains from placing humans on the surfaces of the Moon and Mars in the near-term. Rather, it focuses on sending piloted spacecraft and crews into orbit around Mars and other exploration targets of interest, and conducting astronaut exploration of the surfaces using telerobots and remotely-controlled systems. By eliminating the significant communications delay or “latency” with Earth due to the speed of light limit, teleoperation provides scientists real-time control of rovers and other sophisticated instruments. This in effect gives them a “virtual presence” on planetary surfaces, and thus expands the scientific return at these destinations. HERRO mitigates several of the major issues that have hindered the progress of human spaceflight beyond Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by: (1) broadening the range of destinations for near-term human missions; (2) reducing cost and risk through less complexity and fewer man-rated elements; (3) offering benefits of human-equivalent in-situ cognition, decision-making and field-work on planetary bodies; (4) providing a simpler approach to returning samples from Mars and planetary surfaces; and (5) facilitating opportunities for international collaboration through contribution of diverse robotic systems. HERRO provides a firm justification for human spaceflight—one that expands the near-term capabilities of scientific exploration while providing the space transportation infrastructure needed for eventual human landings in the future. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW earth orbit satellites
KW  - SPACE robotics
KW  - REAL-time control
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - REMOTE control
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Communications latency
KW  - Human spaceflight
KW  - Planetary exploration
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Space science
KW  - Telerobotics
N1  - Accession Number: 79186094; Schmidt, George R.; Email Address: George.Schmidt@nasa.gov Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: Geoffrey.Landis@nasa.gov Oleson, Steven R. 1; Email Address: Steven.R.Oleson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 80, p105; Subject Term: LOW earth orbit satellites; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Subject Term: REAL-time control; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: REMOTE control; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communications latency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Telerobotics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.05.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Byung Joon Lee
AU  - Meng-Sing Liou
T1  - Unsteady Adjoint Approach for Design Optimization of Flapping Airfoils.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2460
EP  - 2475
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper describes the work for optimizing the propulsive efficiency of flapping airfoils (i.e., improving the thrust under constraining aerodynamic work during the flapping flights by changing their shape and trajectory of motion with the unsteady discrete adjoint approach). For unsteady problems, it is essential that the time scales of motion under consideration should be properly resolved and must be compatible with the objective sought after. Both the instantaneous and time-averaged (periodic) formulations are included in this study. For the design optimization with shape parameters or motion parameters, the time-averaged objective function is found to be more useful, while the instantaneous one is more suitable for flow control. The instantaneous objective function is operationally straightforward. On the other hand, the time-averaged objective function requires additional steps in the adjoint approach; the adjoint vectors for the whole time domain must be solved in a reverse time manner. In the current study, applying the periodicity condition allows the unsteady discrete adjoint equations to be reformulated and the resulting system of equations for each sub-time-interval is solved iteratively. The design results from shape and trajectory optimizations are compared, and the physical relevance of design variables to the flapping motion at on-and off-design conditions is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - MATHEMATICAL formulas
KW  - VECTOR analysis
KW  - MOTION
N1  - Accession Number: 83233809; Byung Joon Lee 1,2; Email Address: mdo.bjlee@gmail.com Meng-Sing Liou 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Progral Fellow, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Member AIAA  3: Senior Technologist, Aeropropulsion Division, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  4: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p2460; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL formulas; Subject Term: VECTOR analysis; Subject Term: MOTION; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051663
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - JunSok Yi
AU  - Chongam Kim
AU  - Byung Joon Lee
T1  - Adjoint-Based Design Optimization of Vortex Generator in an S-Shaped Subsonic Inlet.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2492
EP  - 2507
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper deals with an adjoint-based design optimization of vortex generators for the performance improvement of an S-shaped subsonic inlet, the Royal Aircraft Establishment intake model 2129. To enhance the flow quality entering the engine face maximally, the vortex generators are independently optimized with five design parameters per each vortex generator (a total of 55 design variables). To increase the design efficiency, the source term model of the vortex generator is employed. The original source term model, which does not reflect a small change in position and thus has difficulties in differentiation for sensitivity analysis, is modified into a differentiable source term model. To deal with a large number of design variables, the gradient-based design optimization method using the discrete adjoint approach is employed to minimize the distortion coefficient while maintaining the baseline total pressure recovery ratio. A total of five design cases are conducted to validate the proposed design approach, to obtain the optimized vortex generators, and to confirm their enhanced performance. Through the proposed design process, the performance of the target inlet is remarkably improved, showing that the distortion coefficient decreases well over 70% while maintaining the total pressure recovery ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - FLUID dynamics -- Mathematical models
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 83233812; JunSok Yi 1,2 Chongam Kim 3,4; Email Address: chongam@snu.ac.kr Byung Joon Lee 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Flight Vehicle Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea  2: Student Member AIAA  3: Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Institute of Advanced Aerospace Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Republic of Korea  4: Associate Fellow AIAA  5: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  6: Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p2492; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051687
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schultz, Marc R.
AU  - Oremont, Leonard
AU  - Guzman, J. Carlos
AU  - McCarville, Douglas
AU  - Rose, Cheryl A.
AU  - Hilburger, Mark W.
T1  - Compression Response of Fluted-Core Composite Panels.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2546
EP  - 2557
SN  - 00011452
AB  - In recent years, fiber-reinforced composites have become more accepted for aerospace applications. For example, during NASA's recent efforts to develop new launch vehicles, composite materials were considered and baselined for a number of structures, including dry barrel sections, which are primarily loaded in longitudinal compression. Because of mass and stiffness requirements, sandwich composites are often selected for these applications. However, there are a number of manufacturing and in-service concerns associated with traditional honeycomb-core sandwich composites that in certain instances may be alleviated through the use of other core materials or construction methods. A fluted core, which consists of integral angled web members with structural radius fillers spaced between laminate facesheets, is one such construction alternative. In this paper, two different fluted-core composite designs were considered: a subscale design and a full-scale design sized for a heavy-lift-launch-vehicle interstage. In particular, the longitudinal compression behavior of fluted-core composites was evaluated with experiments and finite-element analyses. Detailed branched-shell finite-element models were developed, and geometrically nonlinear analyses were conducted to predict both buckling and material failures. Good agreement was obtained between test data and analysis predictions for both failure types. Though the local buckling events are not catastrophic, the resulting deformations contribute to material failures. Consequently, neither the local buckling behavior nor the material failure loads and modes can be predicted by either linear analyses or nonlinear smeared-shell analyses. Compression-after-impact performance of fluted-core composites was also investigated experimentally. Nondestructive inspection of the damage zones indicated that the detectable damage was limited to no more than one flute on either side of any given impact. More study is needed, but this may indicate that an inherent damage-arrest capability of fluted core could provide benefits over traditional sandwich designs in certain weight-critical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REINFORCED concrete
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Research
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering -- Research
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 83233816; Schultz, Marc R. 1,2 Oremont, Leonard 3 Guzman, J. Carlos 4 McCarville, Douglas 5 Rose, Cheryl A. 6 Hilburger, Mark W. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, Mail Stop 190, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Member AIAA  3: Aeronautical Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 460, Lockheed Martin Corporation, Hampton, Virginia 23681 -2199  4: Manufacturing Research and Development Engineer, Boeing Research & Technology, P.O. Box 3707, Mail Stop 4R-05, Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington 98124-2207  5: Manufacturing Research and Development Technical Fellow, Boeing, Research & Technology, P.O. Box 3707, Mail Stop 4R-05, Boeing Company, Seattle, Washington 98124-2207  6: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, Mail Stop 190, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  7: Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p2546; Subject Term: REINFORCED concrete; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Research; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering -- Research; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 327330 Concrete pipe, brick and block manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238190 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051728
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Breger, M.
AU  - Fossati, L.
AU  - Balona, L.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Robertson, P.
AU  - Bohlender, D.
AU  - Lenz, P.
AU  - Müller, I.
AU  - Lüftinger, Th.
AU  - Clarke, Bruce D.
AU  - Hall, Jennifer R.
AU  - Ibrahim, Khadeejah A.
T1  - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW AND HIGH FREQUENCIES IN δ SCUTI STARS: PHOTOMETRIC KEPLER AND SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSES OF THE RAPID ROTATOR KIC 8054146.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/11//11/1/2012
VL  - 759
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Two years of Kepler data of KIC 8054146 (δ Sct/γ Dor hybrid) revealed 349 statistically significant frequencies between 0.54 and 191.36 cycles day–1 (6.3 μHz to 2.21 mHz). The 117 low frequencies cluster in specific frequency bands, but do not show the equidistant period spacings predicted for gravity modes of successive radial order, n, and reported for at least one other hybrid pulsator. The four dominant low frequencies in the 2.8-3.0 cycles day–1 (32-35 μHz) range show strong amplitude variability with timescales of months and years. These four low frequencies also determine the spacing of the higher frequencies in and beyond the δ Sct pressure-mode frequency domain. In fact, most of the higher frequencies belong to one of three families with spacings linked to a specific dominant low frequency. In the Fourier spectrum, these family regularities show up as triplets, high-frequency sequences with absolutely equidistant frequency spacings, side lobes (amplitude modulations), and other regularities in frequency spacings. Furthermore, within two families the amplitude variations between the low and high frequencies are related. We conclude that the low frequencies (gravity modes, rotation) and observed high frequencies (mostly pressure modes) are physically connected. This unusual behavior may be related to the very rapid rotation of the star: from a combination of high- and low-resolution spectroscopy we determined that KIC 8054146 is a very fast rotator (υ sin i = 300 ± 20 km s–1) with an effective temperature of 7600 ± 200 K and a surface gravity log g of 3.9 ± 0.3. Several astrophysical ideas explaining the origin of the relationship between the low and high frequencies are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FREQUENCY spectra
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - GRAVITY -- Measurement
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 97978605; Breger, M. 1,2 Fossati, L. 3 Balona, L. 4 Kurtz, D. W. 5 Robertson, P. 1 Bohlender, D. 6 Lenz, P. 7 Müller, I. 2 Lüftinger, Th. 2 Clarke, Bruce D. 8 Hall, Jennifer R. 9 Ibrahim, Khadeejah A. 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  2: Institut für Astronphysik der Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstr. 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria  3: Department of Physical Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK  4: South African Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 9, Observatory 7935, South Africa  5: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK  6: Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  7: N. Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Bartycka 18, 00-716 Warszawa, Poland  8: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2012, Vol. 759 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: FREQUENCY spectra; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: GRAVITY -- Measurement; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/62
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dragomir, Diana
AU  - Matthews, Jaymie M.
AU  - Kuschnig, Rainer
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Gladman, Brett J.
AU  - Guenther, David B.
AU  - Moffat, Anthony F. J.
AU  - Rucinski, Slavek M.
AU  - Sasselov, Dimitar
AU  - Weiss, Werner W.
T1  - A SEARCH FOR TRANSITS OF GJ 581e AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HOST STAR VARIABILITY USING MOST SPACE TELESCOPE PHOTOMETRY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/11//11/1/2012
VL  - 759
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The GJ 581 system has been amply studied since its discovery in 2005: the number of known planets in the system has increased and their orbital parameters are among the most precisely determined for radial-velocity-detected exoplanets. We have acquired MOST space-based photometry during 2007 and 2009, with the aims of measuring the stellar variability and searching for transits of GJ 581e, respectively. We quantify our sensitivity to shallow transit signals using Monte Carlo simulations, and perform a transit search within the 3σ transit windows corresponding to both the circular and Keplerian orbit ephemerides. Our analysis rules out transits for a planet with an orbital period of 3.15 days (GJ 581e) having a radius larger than 1.62 R⊕ (or a density lower than 2.39 g cm–3 for an orbital inclination of 90°) to 2σ confidence. Thus, if the planet transits, we can exclude hydrogen, helium, and water theoretical model compositions. The MOST photometry also allows us to rule out transits of GJ 581b within the Keplerian orbit-derived transit window for impact parameter values smaller than ∼0.4 and confirm previous results which exclude transits for this planet within the circular orbit-derived transit window, for all plausible interior compositions. We find that the stellar brightness of GJ 581 is stable to within 1%, a characteristic which is favorable to the development of life in the habitable zone of the system. In the 2009 photometry, we detect a stellar signal with a period of 5.586 ± 0.051 days, which is close to the orbital period of GJ 581b (P = 5.37 days). However, further monitoring of the system is necessary to verify the nature of this variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 97978554; Dragomir, Diana 1; Email Address: diana@phas.ubc.ca Matthews, Jaymie M. 1 Kuschnig, Rainer 2 Rowe, Jason F. 3 Gladman, Brett J. 1 Guenther, David B. 4 Moffat, Anthony F. J. 5 Rucinski, Slavek M. 6 Sasselov, Dimitar 7 Weiss, Werner W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada  2: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Physics, St. Mary's University Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  5: Dépt de physique and Obs. du mont Mégantic, Univ. de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2012, Vol. 759 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pereira, Tiago M. D.
AU  - De Pontieu, Bart
AU  - Carlsson, Mats
T1  - QUANTIFYING SPICULES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/11//11/1/2012
VL  - 759
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Understanding the dynamic solar chromosphere is fundamental in solar physics. Spicules are an important feature of the chromosphere, connecting the photosphere to the corona, potentially mediating the transfer of energy and mass. The aim of this work is to study the properties of spicules over different regions of the Sun. Our goal is to investigate if there is more than one type of spicule, and how spicules behave in the quiet Sun, coronal holes, and active regions. We make use of high cadence and high spatial resolution Ca II H observations taken by Hinode/Solar Optical Telescope. Making use of a semi-automated detection algorithm, we self-consistently track and measure the properties of 519 spicules over different regions. We find clear evidence of two types of spicules. Type I spicules show a rise and fall and have typical lifetimes of 150-400 s and maximum ascending velocities of 15-40 km s–1, while type II spicules have shorter lifetimes of 50-150 s, faster velocities of 30-110 km s–1, and are not seen to fall down, but rather fade at around their maximum length. Type II spicules are the most common, seen in the quiet Sun and coronal holes. Type I spicules are seen mostly in active regions. There are regional differences between quiet-Sun and coronal hole spicules, likely attributable to the different field configurations. The properties of type II spicules are consistent with published results of rapid blueshifted events (RBEs), supporting the hypothesis that RBEs are their disk counterparts. For type I spicules we find the relations between their properties to be consistent with a magnetoacoustic shock wave driver, and with dynamic fibrils as their disk counterpart. The driver of type II spicules remains unclear from limb observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR chromosphere
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUN
KW  - SOLAR photosphere
KW  - SOLAR corona
KW  - SOLAR energy -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97978552; Pereira, Tiago M. D. 1,2; Email Address: tiago.pereira@nasa.gov De Pontieu, Bart 2 Carlsson, Mats 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Org. A021S, Building 252, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  3: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, P.O. Box 1029, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway  4: Center of Mathematics for Applications, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1053, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; Source Info: 11/1/2012, Vol. 759 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR chromosphere; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: SOLAR photosphere; Subject Term: SOLAR corona; Subject Term: SOLAR energy -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/759/1/18
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Airoldi, Alessandro
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
T1  - Identification of material parameters for modelling delamination in the presence of fibre bridging
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 94
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3240
EP  - 3249
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: Delamination processes often exhibit an increase in delamination resistance, or R-curve, with crack extension. It is shown that cohesive laws can represent the R-curves due to large-scale fibre bridging and that the shape of the cohesive laws can be derived from conventional experimental results. Two approaches are investigated for determining the shape parameters of cohesive laws. The first approach consists of extracting the cohesive parameters from experimental R-curves through the use of a new semi-analytical equation. The second approach consists of a numerical optimization procedure that identifies material parameters by reducing the error between a finite element model and the experimental load–deflection results. The second approach is advantageous when fibre bridging introduces inaccuracies in the experimental energy release rate measurements. In addition, the second approach can be extended to allow more complex approximations of cohesive laws. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - Cohesive laws
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Fibre bridging
KW  - Finite element analysis
KW  - Fracture toughness
N1  - Accession Number: 77450758; Airoldi, Alessandro 1; Email Address: alessandro.airoldi@polimi.it Dávila, Carlos G. 2; Email Address: carlos.g.davila@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Dipartimento Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Milano, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 94 Issue 11, p3240; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fibre bridging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture toughness; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.05.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhagwat, Mahendra
AU  - Ramasamy, Manikandan
T1  - Effect of tip vortex aperiodicity on measurement uncertainty.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1191
EP  - 1202
SN  - 07234864
AB  - Vortex aperiodicity introduces random uncertainty in the measured vortex center location. Unless corrected, this may lead to systematic uncertainty in the vortex properties derived from the measured velocity field. For example, the vortex core size derived from averaged or mean flow field appears larger because of aperiodicity. Several methodologies for aperiodicity correction have been developed over the past two decades to alleviate this systematic uncertainty. However, these do not always reduce the accompanying random uncertainty. The current work shows that the analysis methods used to derive the vortex properties from the measured velocity field play an important role in the resultant random uncertainty in these properties; perhaps, even more important role than the aperiodicity correction methodology itself. It is hypothesized that a class of methods called global methods, which use a large extent of measured data, yield a smaller measurement uncertainty compared to local methods. This hypothesis is verified using a newly proposed global method based on a planar least-squares fit. The general applicability of the method is demonstrated using previous particle image velocimetry measurements of rotor tip vortices. The results clearly demonstrate a reduced random uncertainty in the vortex core properties, even in the presence of secondary vortical structures. Furthermore, the results are independent of the choice of aperiodicity correction methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - TAYLOR vortices
KW  - APERIODICITY
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - LEAST squares
N1  - Accession Number: 83147671; Bhagwat, Mahendra 1; Email Address: mahendra.bhagwat@us.army.mil Ramasamy, Manikandan 2; Affiliation:  1: US Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC) Ames Research Center, M/S 215-1 Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: UARC/AFDD, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 215-1 Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1191; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: TAYLOR vortices; Subject Term: APERIODICITY; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00348-012-1348-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina Morea
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
T1  - Infrared spectroscopic characterization of the low-albedo materials on Iapetus
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 221
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 735
EP  - 743
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Iapetus, one of the large satellites of Saturn, has been studied over the centuries for its signature brightness contrast, light on one side and dark on the opposite. It has recently been suggested that the dark material is a combination of native and exogenous materials with distinct histories. We present an analysis of parts of the Cassini Regio, the darkest region on the leading hemisphere of Iapetus, focusing on the hydrocarbon signature with a view to detect and investigate differences in the material(s). We find variations in the hydrocarbon bands with geographic location, one type predominantly located on the leading hemisphere. A comparison with the equivalent spectral features on Phoebe and Hyperion reveals a predictable resemblance between the leading hemisphere material and Phoebe and an unexpected likeness between Hyperion’s darkest material and Iapetus’ trailing hemisphere surface. An analysis of the slope in the visible part of the spectrum is strongly affected by a rise in the continuum (∼0.35–0.65μm) attributed to Rayleigh scattering from nano-size particles on the surface. The continuum rise varies in strength with the albedo and H2O ice content, and when it is properly accounted for, the overall slope in all the identified spectral units is the same over the interval 0.35–2.3μm, independent of albedo or ice abundance. The interpretation of current and previous results offers two different scenarios illustrated by the presence of one vs. two dark materials distributed over the Iapetus surface. We describe the scenarios and their implications. The appearance of the aromatic and aliphatic absorption bands together in their measured relative strengths makes this spectral signature unique, and thus enables the comparison among the three satellites. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - DARK matter (Astronomy)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - IAPETUS (Satellite)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Iapetus
KW  - Satellites, Composition
KW  - Satellites, Surfaces
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 83576477; Dalle Ore, Cristina Morea 1,2; Email Address: Cristina.M.DalleOre@nasa.gov Cruikshank, Dale P. 1 Clark, Roger N. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: U.S. Geological Survey, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 221 Issue 2, p735; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: DARK matter (Astronomy); Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: IAPETUS (Satellite); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iapetus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Douglas W.
AU  - Mastrapa, Rachel M.E.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - Laboratory spectra of CO2 vibrational modes in planetary ice analogs
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 221
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1032
EP  - 1042
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Laboratory spectra have shown that CO2 is a powerful diagnostic tool for analyzing infrared data from remote observations, as it has been detected on icy moons in the outer Solar System as well as dust grain surfaces in the interstellar medium (ISM). IR absorption band profiles of CO2 within ice mixtures containing H2O and CH3OH change with respect to temperature and mixture ratios. In this particular study, the ν 3 CO2 asymmetric stretch mode near 4.3μm (2350cm−1), overtone mode near 1.97μm (5080cm−1), and the combination bands near 2.7μm (3700cm−1), 2.8μm (3600cm−1), and 2.02μm (4960cm−1), are systematically observed in different mixtures with H2O and CH3OH in temperature ranges from 15K to 150K. Additionally, some high-temperature deposits (T >50K) of H2O, CH3OH, and CO2 ice mixtures were performed and it was discovered that CO2 may deposit out at higher temperatures than previously recorded. These data may then be used to interpret infrared observational data obtained from icy surfaces in the outer Solar System and beyond. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Spectra
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - INFRARED albedo
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - INTERSTELLAR communication
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Satellites, Surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 83576502; White, Douglas W. 1; Email Address: douglas.white@nasa.gov Mastrapa, Rachel M.E. 2 Sandford, Scott A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 221 Issue 2, p1032; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Spectra; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: INFRARED albedo; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR communication; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Surfaces; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83576502&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marchis, F.
AU  - Enriquez, J.E.
AU  - Emery, J.P.
AU  - Mueller, M.
AU  - Baek, M.
AU  - Pollock, J.
AU  - Assafin, M.
AU  - Vieira Martins, R.
AU  - Berthier, J.
AU  - Vachier, F.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Lim, L.F.
AU  - Reichart, D.E.
AU  - Ivarsen, K.M.
AU  - Haislip, J.B.
AU  - LaCluyze, A.P.
T1  - Multiple asteroid systems: Dimensions and thermal properties from Spitzer Space Telescope and ground-based observations
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 221
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1130
EP  - 1161
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: We collected mid-IR spectra from 5.2 to 38μm using the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph of 28 asteroids representative of all established types of binary groups. Photometric lightcurves were also obtained for 14 of them during the Spitzer observations to provide the context of the observations and reliable estimates of their absolute magnitudes. The extracted mid-IR spectra were analyzed using a modified standard thermal model (STM) and a thermophysical model (TPM) that takes into account the shape and geometry of the large primary at the time of the Spitzer observation. We derived a reliable estimate of the size, albedo, and beaming factor for each of these asteroids, representing three main taxonomic groups: C, S, and X. For large (volume-equivalent system diameter Deq >130km) binary asteroids, the TPM analysis indicates a low thermal inertia (Γ ⩽∼100Js−1/2 K−1 m−2) and their emissivity spectra display strong mineral features, implying that they are covered with a thick layer of thermally insulating regolith. The smaller (surface-equivalent system diameter Deff <17km) asteroids also show some emission lines of minerals, but they are significantly weaker, consistent with regoliths with coarser grains, than those of the large binary asteroids. The average bulk densities of these multiple asteroids vary from 0.7–1.7g/cm3 (P-, C-type) to ∼2g/cm3 (S-type). The highest density is estimated for the M-type (22) Kalliope (3.2±0.9g/cm3). The spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and emissivity spectra, made available as a supplement document, could help to constrain the surface compositions of these asteroids. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Asteroids, Composition
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Satellites of asteroids
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 83576510; Marchis, F. 1,2; Email Address: fmarchis@seti.org Enriquez, J.E. 1 Emery, J.P. 3 Mueller, M. 4 Baek, M. 1 Pollock, J. 5 Assafin, M. 6 Vieira Martins, R. 7 Berthier, J. 2 Vachier, F. 2 Cruikshank, D.P. 8 Lim, L.F. 9 Reichart, D.E. 10 Ivarsen, K.M. 10 Haislip, J.B. 10 LaCluyze, A.P. 10; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Institut de mécanique céleste et de calcul des éphémérides, Observatoire de Paris, Avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France  3: Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 306 Earth and Planetary Sciences Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA  4: SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Low Energy Astrophysics, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands  5: Appalachian State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 231 CAP Building, Boone, NC 28608, USA  6: Observatorio do Valongo, UFRJ, Ladeira Pedro Antonio 43, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil  7: Observatório Nacional, MCT, R. General José Cristino 77, CEP 20921-400 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil  8: NASA, Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  9: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  10: Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 221 Issue 2, p1130; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids, Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites of asteroids; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.09.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83576510&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 60
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3345
EP  - 3346
SN  - 00189480
AB  - Summary form only given, as follows. This TRANSACTIONS has been successful in reviewing approximately 100 papers per month and reducing the average submission to online posting of accepted papers time to 27 weeks. This would not be possible without the help of the reviewers and the Associate Editors. The Associate Editors obtain reviews of the papers and provide me with their guidance on the acceptance or rejection of papers. This often requires them to review the paper themselves, and considering that the Associate Editor handles approximately ten papers per month, you can imagine the heavy work load that they carry for the good of the IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S) and the microwave engineering profession. With this editorial, I am sad to announce the retirement of two Associate Editors. Prof. Wendy Van Moer, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, has provided excellent service to the IEEE MTT-S for the past two years, but she must retire to spend more time with her university position. Prof. John Papapolymerou must also retire as an Associate Editor, but John is retiring because he has accepted the position of Editor-in-Chief of the IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS. I have valued his work as an Associate Editor for me for six years, and I wish him success in his new role and service that he will be providing to the IEEE MTT-S. Of course, I cannot continue without Associate Editors, and I am pleased to announce the appointment of two Associate Editors. Dr. Tzyy-Sheng Horng, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, and Dr. Roberto G??mez-Garc??a, University of Alcala, Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain. They have already been hard at work for four months and I already am very thankful that they accepted my invitation to serve the IEEE MTT-S. Their biographies are included in this editorial so you can learn more about them. Finally, if you see Wendy, John, Tzyy-Sheng, Roberto, or any of the other Associate Editors of this TRANSACTIONS, please thank them for their service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ONLINE algorithms
KW  - MICROWAVES
KW  - EDITORS
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
KW  - EDITORIALS
KW  - BIOGRAPHIES
N1  - Accession Number: 83369267; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 60 Issue 11, p3345; Subject Term: ONLINE algorithms; Subject Term: MICROWAVES; Subject Term: EDITORS; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; Subject Term: EDITORIALS; Subject Term: BIOGRAPHIES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); NAICS/Industry Codes: 519110 News Syndicates; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2216811
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83369267&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patterson, Chad E.
AU  - Khan, Wasif Tanveer
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - May, Gary S.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - A 60-GHz Active Receiving Switched-Beam Antenna Array With Integrated Butler Matrix and GaAs Amplifiers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 60
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3599
EP  - 3607
SN  - 00189480
AB  - This paper presents for the first time a 60-GHz receiving switched-beam antenna on organic liquid crystal polymer (LCP) platform. A 4\,\times\,1 quasi-Yagi array is incorporated with a 4\,\times\,4 Butler matrix beamforming network and GaAs low-noise amplifiers on an LCP substrate. The active beam is controlled by GaAs single-pole-double-throw switches to access the four output states of the Butler matrix. The entire 4\,\times\,1 active array is 1.4 cm \,\times\,1.75 cm and consumes 1.1 W of dc power. Successful comparisons of the measured and simulated results verify a working phased array with a return loss better than 10 dB across the frequency band of 56.7–63.7 GHz. A comparison of radiation patterns demonstrate beam steering of \pm\40^\circ with a peak active gain of 27.5 dB. The combined antenna and receiver noise performance at 60 GHz exhibits an estimated merit G/T of -18.6 dB/K and noise figure of 5.4 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO receiving apparatus
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - DIRECT currents
KW  - POLYMER liquid crystals
KW  - BEAMFORMING
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Arrays
KW  - Butler matrix
KW  - Dipole antennas
KW  - Gallium arsenide
KW  - integrated circuit (IC) packaging
KW  - liquid crystal polymer (LCP)
KW  - Microstrip
KW  - phased arrays
KW  - Radio frequency
KW  - receiving antennas
KW  - Switches
N1  - Accession Number: 83369247; Patterson, Chad E. 1 Khan, Wasif Tanveer 1 Ponchak, George E. 2 May, Gary S. 1 Papapolymerou, John 1; Affiliation:  1: School of ECE, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 60 Issue 11, p3599; Subject Term: RADIO receiving apparatus; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: DIRECT currents; Subject Term: POLYMER liquid crystals; Subject Term: BEAMFORMING; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Butler matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipole antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gallium arsenide; Author-Supplied Keyword: integrated circuit (IC) packaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: liquid crystal polymer (LCP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstrip; Author-Supplied Keyword: phased arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: receiving antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Switches; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811211 Consumer Electronics Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414210 Home entertainment equipment merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2213834
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83369247&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - A Mathematical Model for the Common-Drain Amplifier Using a Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 139
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 115
SN  - 10584587
AB  - This paper presents a new mathematical model created for the common-drain amplifier using metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistors (MFSFET). The model developed in this paper is based upon empirical data collected through experimentation with the common-drain amplifier while using a MFSFET. Several parameters are considered when calculating the output voltage, such as varying gate capacitance, input voltage, quiescent point, and power supply voltages. A comparison between collected and modeled data is presented as verification of the model's performance when applied to the common-drain configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS -- Research
KW  - CAPACITANCE meters
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FERROELECTRICITY
KW  - TRANSISTOR amplifiers
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - common-drain amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor
KW  - MFFET
KW  - MFSFET
N1  - Accession Number: 84423294; Hunt, Mitchell 1 Sayyah, Rana 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Email Address: ho@ece.uah.edu; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama, 35899, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812, USA; Source Info: 2012, Vol. 139 Issue 1, p106; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS -- Research; Subject Term: CAPACITANCE meters; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: TRANSISTOR amplifiers; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-drain amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFSFET; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.737257
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84423294&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bolton, Matthew L.
AU  - Bass, Ellen J.
AU  - Siminiceanu, Radu I.
T1  - Generating phenotypical erroneous human behavior to evaluate human–automation interaction using model checking
JO  - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
JF  - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 70
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 888
EP  - 906
SN  - 10715819
AB  - Abstract: Breakdowns in complex systems often occur as a result of system elements interacting in unanticipated ways. In systems with human operators, human–automation interaction associated with both normative and erroneous human behavior can contribute to such failures. Model-driven design and analysis techniques provide engineers with formal methods tools and techniques capable of evaluating how human behavior can contribute to system failures. This paper presents a novel method for automatically generating task analytic models encompassing both normative and erroneous human behavior from normative task models. The generated erroneous behavior is capable of replicating Hollnagel''s zero-order phenotypes of erroneous action for omissions, jumps, repetitions, and intrusions. Multiple phenotypical acts can occur in sequence, thus allowing for the generation of higher order phenotypes. The task behavior model pattern capable of generating erroneous behavior can be integrated into a formal system model so that system safety properties can be formally verified with a model checker. This allows analysts to prove that a human–automation interactive system (as represented by the model) will or will not satisfy safety properties with both normative and generated erroneous human behavior. We present benchmarks related to the size of the statespace and verification time of models to show how the erroneous human behavior generation process scales. We demonstrate the method with a case study: the operation of a radiation therapy machine. A potential problem resulting from a generated erroneous human action is discovered. A design intervention is presented which prevents this problem from occurring. We discuss how our method could be used to evaluate larger applications and recommend future paths of development. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Human-Computer Studies is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN behavior
KW  - HUMAN mechanics
KW  - PHENOTYPE
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - RADIOTHERAPY
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - Formal methods
KW  - Human error
KW  - Human–automation interaction
KW  - Model checking
KW  - Task analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 79995465; Bolton, Matthew L. 1; Email Address: mlb4b@virginia.edu Bass, Ellen J. 2 Siminiceanu, Radu I. 3; Affiliation:  1: San José State University Research Foundation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 70 Issue 11, p888; Subject Term: HUMAN behavior; Subject Term: HUMAN mechanics; Subject Term: PHENOTYPE; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: RADIOTHERAPY; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formal methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human–automation interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Task analysis; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhcs.2012.05.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79995465&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gherlone, Marco
AU  - Cerracchio, Priscilla
AU  - Mattone, Massimiliano
AU  - Di Sciuva, Marco
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
T1  - Shape sensing of 3D frame structures using an inverse Finite Element Method
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 3100
EP  - 3112
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: A robust and efficient computational method for reconstructing the elastodynamic structural response of truss, beam, and frame structures, using measured surface-strain data, is presented. Known as “shape sensing”, this inverse problem has important implications for real-time actuation and control of smart structures, and for monitoring of structural integrity. The present formulation, based on the inverse Finite Element Method (iFEM), uses a least-squares variational principle involving section strains (also known as strain measures) of Timoshenko theory for stretching, torsion, bending, and transverse shear. The present iFEM methodology is based on strain–displacement relations only, without invoking force equilibrium. Consequently, both static and time-varying displacement fields can be reconstructed without the knowledge of material properties, applied loading, or damping characteristics. Two finite elements capable of modeling frame structures are derived using interdependent interpolations, in which interior degrees of freedom are condensed out at the element level. In addition, relationships between the order of kinematic-element interpolations and the number of required strain gauges are established. Several example problems involving cantilevered beams and three-dimensional frame structures undergoing static and dynamic response are discussed. To simulate experimentally measured strains and to establish reference displacements, high-fidelity MSC/NASTRAN finite element analyses are performed. Furthermore, numerically simulated measurement errors, based on Gaussian distribution, are also considered in order to verify the stability and robustness of the methodology. The iFEM solution accuracy is examined with respect to various levels of discretization and the number of strain gauges. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - TIMOSHENKO beam theory
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Frame structures
KW  - Inverse Finite Element Method
KW  - Shape sensing
KW  - Strain gauge
KW  - Timoshenko beam
N1  - Accession Number: 79338703; Gherlone, Marco 1; Email Address: marco.gherlone@polito.it Cerracchio, Priscilla 1; Email Address: priscilla.cerracchio@polito.it Mattone, Massimiliano 1; Email Address: massimiliano.mattone@polito.it Di Sciuva, Marco 1; Email Address: marco.disciuva@polito.it Tessler, Alexander 2; Email Address: Alexander.Tessler-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 49 Issue 22, p3100; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TIMOSHENKO beam theory; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frame structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse Finite Element Method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain gauge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Timoshenko beam; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.06.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=79338703&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vicroy, Dan D.
AU  - Loeser, Thomas D.
AU  - Schütte, Andreas
T1  - Static and Forced-Oscillation Tests of a Generic Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1558
EP  - 1583
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A series of three wind-tunnel static and forced-oscillation tests were conducted on a model of a generic unmanned combat air vehicle. These tests are part of an international research effort to assess the state of the art of computational fluid dynamics methods to predict the static and dynamic stability and control characteristics. The experimental data set includes not only force and moment time histories, but also surface pressure and offbody particle image velocimetry measurements. The extent of the data precludes a full examination within the scope of this paper. This paper provides a general description and selected examples of the available static and dynamic data, as well as some of the observed trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - REMOTELY piloted vehicles
KW  - DYNAMIC stability (Mechanics)
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
N1  - Accession Number: 84520346; Vicroy, Dan D. 1,2 Loeser, Thomas D. 3,4 Schütte, Andreas 5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Engineer, Flight Dynamics Branch, Mail Stop 308  3: German-Dutch Wind Tunnels, 38108 Brunswick, Germany  4: Project Manager, Low Speed Wind Tunnel Brunswick, Lilienthalplatz 7  5: DLR, German Aerospace Center, 38108 Brunswick, Germany  6: Research Engineer, Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, Lilienthalplatz 7; Source Info: Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1558; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: REMOTELY piloted vehicles; Subject Term: DYNAMIC stability (Mechanics); Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031501
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frink, Neal T.
AU  - Tormalm, Magnus
AU  - Schmidt, Stefan
T1  - Three Unstructured Computational Fluid Dynamics Studies on Generic Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1619
EP  - 1637
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Three independent studies from the United States (NASA), Sweden (Swedish Defense Research Agency), and Australia (Defense Science and Technology Organization) are analyzed to assess the state of current unstructured grid computational fluid dynamic tools and practices for predicting the complex static and dynamic aerodynamic and stability characteristics of a generic 53-deg swept, round-leading-edge uninhabited combat air vehicle configuration, called SACCON (which stands for "stability and control configuration"). NASA exercised the USM3D tetrahedral cell-centered flow solver, while the Swedish Defense Research Agency and the Defense Science and Technology Organization applied the Swedish Defense Research Agency/EDGE general-cell vertex-based solver. The authors primarily employ the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes assumption, with a limited assessment of the EDGE detached eddy simulation extension, to explore sensitivities to grids and turbulence models. Correlations with experimental data are provided for force and moments, surface pressure, and off-body flow measurements. The vortical flowfield over SACCON proved extremely difficult to model adequately. As a general rule, the prospect of obtaining reasonable correlations of SACCON pitching moment characteristics with the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes formulation is not promising, even for static cases. However, dynamic pitch oscillation results seem to produce a promising characterization of shapes for the lift and pitching moment hysteresis curves. Future studies of this configuration should include more investigation with higher-fidelity turbulence models such as detached eddy simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - REMOTELY piloted vehicles
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 84520350; Frink, Neal T. 1,2; Email Address: Neal.T.Frink@nasa.gov Tormalm, Magnus 3,4; Email Address: Magnus.Tormalm@foi.se Schmidt, Stefan 5,6; Email Address: Stefan.Schmidt@dsto.defence.gov.au; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Engineer, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, Research Directorate, MS 499  3: Swedish Defense Research Agency, 164 90 Stockholm, Sweden  4: Senior Scientist, Department of Aeronautics and Systems Integration  5: Defense Science and Technology Organization, Fishermans Bend, Victoria 3207, Australia  6: Senior Scientist, Flight Systems, Air Vehicles Division; Source Info: Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1619; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: REMOTELY piloted vehicles; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031383
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
T1  - Flight Test Maneuvers for Efficient Aerodynamic Modeling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1857
EP  - 1867
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Novel flight test maneuvers for efficient aerodynamic modeling were developed and demonstrated in flight. Orthogonal optimized multisine inputs were applied to aircraft control surfaces to excite aircraft dynamic response in all six degrees of freedom simultaneously, while keeping the aircraft close to chosen reference flight conditions. Each maneuver was designed for a specific modeling task that cannot be adequately or efficiently accomplished using conventional flight test maneuvers. The maneuvers are described and explained, then demonstrated on a subscale jet transport aircraft in flight. Real-time and post-flight modeling results from equation-error parameter estimation in the frequency domain were used to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the maneuvers, as well as the quality of the aerodynamic models that can be identified from the resultant flight data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MILITARY maneuvers
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - JET transports
N1  - Accession Number: 84520370; Morelli, Eugene A. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Engineer, Dynamic Systems and Control Branch, Mail Stop 308; Source Info: Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1857; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MILITARY maneuvers; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: JET transports; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031699
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Padula, S. A.
AU  - Noebe, R. D.
AU  - Sisneros, T. A.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - Role of B19′ martensite deformation in stabilizing two-way shape memory behavior in NiTi.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 112
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 093510
EP  - 093510-11
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Deformation of a B19′ martensitic, polycrystalline Ni49.9Ti50.1 (at. %) shape memory alloy and its influence on the magnitude and stability of the ensuing two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was investigated by combined ex situ mechanical experimentation and in situ neutron diffraction measurements at stress and temperature. The microstructural changes (texture, lattice strains, and phase fractions) during room-temperature deformation and subsequent thermal cycling were captured and compared to the bulk macroscopic response of the alloy. With increasing uniaxial strain, it was observed that B19′ martensite deformed by reorientation and detwinning with preferred selection of the ([formula])M and (010)M variants, ([formula])B19′ deformation twinning, and dislocation activity. These mechanisms were indicated by changes in bulk texture from the neutron diffraction measurements. Partial reversibility of the reoriented variants and deformation twins was also captured upon load removal and thermal cycling, which after isothermal deformation to strains between 6% and 22% resulted in a strong TWSME. Consequently, TWSME functional parameters including TWSME strain, strain reduction, and transformation temperatures were characterized and it was found that prior martensite deformation to 14% strain provided the optimum condition for the TWSME, resulting in a stable two-way shape memory strain of 2.2%. Thus, isothermal deformation of martensite was found to be a quick and efficient method for creating a strong and stable TWSME in Ni49.9Ti50.1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - POLYCRYSTALLINE semiconductors
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - NEUTRON diffraction
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
N1  - Accession Number: 83816676; Benafan, O. 1,2 Padula, S. A. 2 Noebe, R. D. 2 Sisneros, T. A. 3 Vaidyanathan, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816,  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, Ohio 44135,  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545,; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 112 Issue 9, p093510; Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALLINE semiconductors; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: NEUTRON diffraction; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4764313
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hui, Ferdinand K.
AU  - Yim, John
AU  - Spiotta, Alejandro M.
AU  - Hussain, M. Shazam
AU  - Toth, Gabor
T1  - Intermediate catheter injections in closed segments during acute stroke intervention: a cautionary note.
JO  - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
JF  - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 4
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 17598478
AB  - Objective and importance: In the setting of stroke intervention, there is typically an occlusion that limits angiographic visualization of patent vasculature distal to the embolus. Certain mechanical thrombectomy paradigms include angiography of the vasculature distal to the point of occlusion in preparation for thrombectomy, typically using a microcatheter. Injections using an intermediate catheter allows for higher volume of injection at a faster rate, resulting in radically different pressure gradients. Clinical presentations: Two patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke were treated via mechanical thrombectomy using the Penumbra 054 system. The first was a tandem occlusion with a high grade narrowing and occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) origin and an ICA terminus thrombus. The second was a long segment, high volume thrombus extending from the cavernous segment to the ICA terminus. Intervention: Conventional access techniques were utilized to position the Penumbra 054 catheter in the ICA in both cases. Intraprocedurally, angiography through the 054 catheter within the closed segment resulted in contrast extravasation adjacent to the tentorium, originating from the communicating segment of the ICA, both of which cleared within 48 h. Due to the extravasation, the interventions were both terminated, and the infarcts went on to complete. Conclusion: During an acute stroke, flow within large vessels is abnormal, and rapid changes in volume may result in drastic changes in pressure which may lead to extravasation. The authors recommend never performing a contrast injection through a large lumen catheter when flow may be impeded proximally and distally. Closed segment injections of large volumes at a high rate are probably at high risk for vessel injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery is the property of BMJ Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATHETERS
KW  - STROKE
N1  - Accession Number: 82531910; Hui, Ferdinand K. 1; Email Address: huif@ccf.org Yim, John 2 Spiotta, Alejandro M. 3 Hussain, M. Shazam 4 Toth, Gabor 4; Affiliation:  1: Cleveland Clinic, Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  3: Cleveland Clinic, Neurological Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  4: CCF, Cerebrovascular Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 4 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: CATHETERS; Subject Term: STROKE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1136/neurintsurg-2011-010163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhai, Peng-Wang
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Comment on the transmission matrix for a dielectric interface
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 113
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 1981
EP  - 1984
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: In a recent paper the reflection and transmission matrices for a dielectric interface based on Fresnel formulas are derived [Garcia RDM. Fresnel boundary and interface conditions for polarized radiative transfer in a multilayer medium. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 2012;113:306–17]. Although the final formulas appear to be correct, we found that there are some significant conceptual and logical flaws in the derivation. Here we explain that the misunderstanding is due to the different physical significances of the Stokes parameters for the coherent and diffuse radiation field and that the so-called transmission factor directly originates from the physical definition of the Stokes parameters. We also clarify a few incorrect interpretations in the aforementioned paper about previously published works. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power transmission
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - Atmosphere and ocean optics
KW  - Propagation, transmission, attenuation, and radiative transfer
KW  - Scattering, polarization
N1  - Accession Number: 79808066; Zhai, Peng-Wang 1; Email Address: Pengwang.zhai-1@nasa.gov Kattawar, George W. 2 Hu, Yongxiang 3; Affiliation:  1: SSAI MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 113 Issue 16, p1981; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power transmission; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere and ocean optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propagation, transmission, attenuation, and radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering, polarization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.07.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moncada, Albert M
AU  - Chattopadhyay, Aditi
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A
AU  - Arnold, Steven M
T1  - Micromechanics-based progressive failure analysis of composite laminates using different constituent failure theories.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2012/11//11/1/2012
VL  - 31
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 1467
EP  - 1487
AB  - Predicting failure in a composite can be performed using ply level mechanisms and/or micro level mechanisms. This paper uses the generalized method of cells and high-fidelity generalized method of cells micromechanics theories, coupled with classical lamination theory, to study progressive damage in composites. Different failure theories, implemented at the fiber and matrix constituent level within a laminate, are investigated. A comparison is made among maximum stress, maximum strain, Tsai-Hill, and Tsai-Wu failure theories. To verify the failure theories, the Worldwide Failure Exercise experiments are used. The Worldwide Failure Exercise is a comprehensive study that covers a wide range of polymer matrix composite laminates. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the current predictive capabilities of the generalized method of cells and high-fidelity generalized method of cells micromechanics theories for the progressive failure prediction of polymer matrix composite laminates and to evaluate the influence of four failure criteria applied at the fiber/matrix constituent scale. The numerical results demonstrate overall agreement with the experimental results for most of the composite layups examined, but also point to the need for more accurate resin damage progression models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MECHANICAL failures
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - GUMS & resins
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - composite material
KW  - failure
KW  - Micromechanics
KW  - Worldwide Failure Exercise
N1  - Accession Number: 83256283; Moncada, Albert M 1; Email Address: amoncada@asu.edu Chattopadhyay, Aditi 1 Bednarcyk, Brett A 2 Arnold, Steven M 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2012, Vol. 31 Issue 21, p1467; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MECHANICAL failures; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: GUMS & resins; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: composite material; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Worldwide Failure Exercise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7983
L3  - 10.1177/0731684412456330
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruden, Brett A.
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh
AU  - Martine, Ramon
T1  - Absolute Radiation Measurement in Venus and Mars Entry Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2012/11//Nov/Dec2012
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1079
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Comparisons of experimental characterization and model predictions of entry radiation relevant to Mars and Venus exploration are presented. Characterization is performed in the recently upgraded Electric Arc Shock Tube facility at NASA Ames Research Center. Tests are performed in simulated Mars (96% CO2, 4% N2) and Venus (96.5% CO2, 3.5% N2) atmospheres at downstream pressures and incident velocities spanning from 0.1 to 2.0 torr and 3-12 km/s. Velocity and pressure conditions were chosen based on expected flight conditions (direct entry or aerocapture) for Mars and Venus atmospheres. The absolute radiance data are spatially and spectrally resolved and span the vacuum ultraviolet through midinfrared (120-1650 nm, 3-5/μm). Resolved spectra of the CO fourth positive band in the vacuum ultraviolet are reported for the first time. Measurements of CO2 molecular vibrational radiation are also attempted at low-velocity conditions. Radiation modeled using an equilibrium assumption with the NEQAIR code compares favorably to measured radiation under some, but not all, conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC arc
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - PLANETS -- Exploration
KW  - MOLECULAR vibration
N1  - Accession Number: 84589635; Cruden, Brett A. 1; Email Address: Brett.A.Cruden@nasa.gov Prabhu, Dinesh 1 Martine, Ramon 1; Affiliation:  1: ERC, Inc. at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Nov/Dec2012, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1069; Subject Term: ELECTRIC arc; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Exploration; Subject Term: MOLECULAR vibration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32204
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GIETZEN, Katherine M.
AU  - LACY, Claud H. S.
AU  - OSTROWSKI, Daniel R.
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
T1  - IRTF observations of S complex and other asteroids: Implications for surface compositions, the presence of clinopyroxenes, and their relationship to meteorites.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 47
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1789
EP  - 1808
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - We have obtained near-infrared spectra for near-Earth asteroids (NEA) and Main Belt asteroids by using NASA's Infrared Telescope Facility. Most of the S complex classes of the Tholen-Bus-DeMeo scheme and the S(I)-S(VII) classes are represented. To help interpret the results, we examined visible/near-IR spectra for ordinary chondrites. The unequilibrated ordinary chondrites (UOC) spectra contain a 2.3 μm feature which is absent in the spectra of the equilibrated ordinary chondrites (EOC). On the basis of literature data and new spectra low-Ca clinopyroxenes, we suggest that the 2.3 μm in UOC is due to the presence of low-Ca clinopyroxene in the UOC which is absent in EOC. While this difference can be seen in the raw spectra, we confirmed this observation using a modified Gaussian model (MGM) for spectral analysis. Both the UOC and the EOC plot in the S(IV) field of the band area ratio plot for asteroids. We suggest that many or most S(IV) asteroids have material resembling UOC on their surfaces. An internally heated ordinary chondrite parent object would have EOC material at depth and UOC material on the surface. Cosmic ray exposure ages, and K-Ar ages for L chondrites, indicate that most EOC came from relatively few objects; however, the age distributions for UOC are unlike those of EOC. We suggest that while EOC come from the interiors of a limited number of S(IV) asteroids, the UOC come from the surfaces of a large number of S(IV) asteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PYROXENE
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 84481867; GIETZEN, Katherine M. 1 LACY, Claud H. S. 1,2 OSTROWSKI, Daniel R. 1 SEARS, Derek W. G. 1,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701  2: Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701  3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701  4: Present address: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 47 Issue 11, p1789; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PYROXENE; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 9 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David-Uraz, Alexandre
AU  - Moffat, Anthony F. J.
AU  - Chené, André-Nicolas
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Lange, Nicholas
AU  - Guenther, David B.
AU  - Kuschnig, Rainer
AU  - Matthews, Jaymie M.
AU  - Rucinski, Slavek M.
AU  - Sasselov, Dimitar
AU  - Weiss, Werner W.
T1  - Using MOST to reveal the secrets of the mischievous Wolf-Rayet binary CV Ser.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 426
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1720
EP  - 1730
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT The Wolf-Rayet (WR) binary CV Serpentis (= WR113, WC8d + O8-9IV) has been a source of mystery since it was shown that its atmospheric eclipses change with time over decades, in addition to its sporadic dust production. The first high-precision time-dependent photometric observations obtained with the Microvariability and Oscillations of STars ( MOST) space telescope in 2009 show two consecutive eclipses over the 29-d orbit, with varying depths. A subsequent MOST run in 2010 showed a seemingly asymmetric eclipse profile. In order to help make sense of these observations, parallel optical spectroscopy was obtained from the Mont Megantic Observatory (2009, 2010) and from the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (2009). Assuming these depth variations are entirely due to electron scattering in a β-law wind, an unprecedented 62 per cent increase in [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WOLF-Rayet stars
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - stars: mass-loss
KW  - stars: winds, outflows
KW  - stars: Wolf-Rayet
N1  - Accession Number: 82503560; David-Uraz, Alexandre 1 Moffat, Anthony F. J. 1 Chené, André-Nicolas 2,3 Rowe, Jason F. 4 Lange, Nicholas 5 Guenther, David B. 6 Kuschnig, Rainer 7,8 Matthews, Jaymie M. 8 Rucinski, Slavek M. 9 Sasselov, Dimitar 10 Weiss, Werner W. 7; Affiliation:  1: Département de physique and Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec, Université de Montréal  2: Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción  3: Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso  4: NASA Ames Research Center  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria  6: Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University  7: Universität Wien, Institut für Astronomie  8: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia  9: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 426 Issue 3, p1720; Subject Term: WOLF-Rayet stars; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: mass-loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: winds, outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: Wolf-Rayet; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21736.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roseboom, I. G.
AU  - Bunker, A.
AU  - Sumiyoshi, M.
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Dalton, G.
AU  - Akiyama, M.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Bonfield, D.
AU  - Buat, V.
AU  - Casey, C.
AU  - Chapin, E.
AU  - Clements, D. L.
AU  - Conley, A.
AU  - Curtis-Lake, E.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Dunlop, J. S.
AU  - Farrah, D.
AU  - Ham, S. J.
AU  - Ibar, E.
AU  - Iwamuro, F.
T1  - FMOS near-IR spectroscopy of Herschel-selected galaxies: star formation rates, metallicity and dust attenuation at z ∼ 1.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 426
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1782
EP  - 1792
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We investigate the properties (e.g. star formation rate, dust attenuation, stellar mass and metallicity) of a sample of infrared (IR) luminous galaxies at z ∼ 1 via near-IR spectroscopy with Subaru-FMOS. Our sample consists of Herschel SPIRE and Spitzer MIPS selected sources in the COSMOS field with photometric redshifts in the range of 0.7 < zphot < 1.8, which have been targeted in two pointings (0.5 deg2) with FMOS. We find a modest success rate for emission-line detections, with candidate Hα emission lines detected for 57 of 168 SPIRE sources (34 per cent). By stacking the near-IR spectra we directly measure the mean Balmer decrement for the Hα and Hβ lines, finding a value of 〈 E( B − V)〉 = 0.51 ± 0.27 for 〈 LIR〉 = 1012 L⊙ sources at 〈 z〉 = 1.36. By comparing star formation rates estimated from the IR and from the dust-uncorrected Hα line we find a strong relationship between dust attenuation and star formation rate. This relation is broadly consistent with that previously seen in star-forming galaxies at z ∼ 0.1. Finally, we investigate the metallicity via the N2 ratio, finding that z ∼ 1 IR-selected sources are indistinguishable from the local mass-metallicity relation. We also find a strong correlation between dust attenuation and metallicity, with the most metal-rich IR sources experiencing the largest levels of dust attenuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - DUSTY plasmas
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - submillimetre: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 82503514; Roseboom, I. G. 1,2 Bunker, A. 3 Sumiyoshi, M. 4 Wang, L. 2 Dalton, G. 3,5 Akiyama, M. 6 Bock, J. 7,8 Bonfield, D. 9 Buat, V. 10 Casey, C. 11,12 Chapin, E. 13 Clements, D. L. 14 Conley, A. 15 Curtis-Lake, E. 1 Cooray, A. 7,16 Dunlop, J. S. 1 Farrah, D. 2 Ham, S. J. 3 Ibar, E. 17 Iwamuro, F. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory  2: Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex  3: Department of Physics, University of Oxford  4: Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University  5: RALSpace, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory  6: Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University  7: California Institute of Technology  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  9: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire  10: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-marseille  11: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii  12: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Corporation  13: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia  14: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory  15: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy  16: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California  17: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 426 Issue 3, p1782; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: DUSTY plasmas; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: submillimetre: galaxies; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21777.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prokhorov, D. A.
AU  - Million, E. T.
AU  - Akahori, T.
AU  - Zemcov, M.
AU  - Moraghan, A.
AU  - Nagataki, S.
AU  - Yoshikawa, K.
AU  - Colafrancesco, S.
AU  - Rawle, T. D.
AU  - Egami, E.
T1  - A high-resolution study of the X-ray emission and Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect in the Bullet cluster (1E 0657−56).
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/11//
VL  - 426
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2291
EP  - 2299
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT High-resolution imaging of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect opens new possibilities for testing the presence of various high-energy particle populations in clusters of galaxies. A detailed X-ray analysis of the 'Bullet cluster' (1E 0657−56) with Chandra has revealed the presence of additional X-ray spectral components beyond a simple, single-temperature plasma in its X-ray spectra. X-ray methods alone are insufficient to elucidate the origins of these spectral components. We show that the morphology and magnitude of the SZ effect at high frequencies are critically dependent upon the mechanism by which the additional X-ray spectra are created. We examine the differences between the predicted SZ effect emission maps at 600 GHz assuming the X-ray spectra are composed of thermal gas with a steep power-law index component and also thermal gas with a significant contribution of strongly heated gas. A two-temperature model with a hot ( kT ≃ 30-40 keV) second component is the most consistent with existing SZ data at high frequencies. However, significant morphological differences remain. High-angular-resolution SZ intensity maps at high frequencies in combination with deep X-ray data provide a new window into understanding particle energization processes in the hottest, massive merging galaxy clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - X-ray astronomy
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - galaxies: clusters: individual: 1E 0657 - 56
N1  - Accession Number: 82503571; Prokhorov, D. A. 1 Million, E. T. 2 Akahori, T. 3 Zemcov, M. 4,5 Moraghan, A. 6 Nagataki, S. 7 Yoshikawa, K. 8 Colafrancesco, S. 9,10 Rawle, T. D. 11 Egami, E. 11; Affiliation:  1: W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama  3: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute  4: Division of Physics, Mathematics & Astronomy, California Institute of Technology  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  6: Center for Galaxy Evolution Research and Department of Astronomy, Yonsei University  7: Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University  8: Centre for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba  9: School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand  10: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma  11: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 426 Issue 3, p2291; Subject Term: X-ray astronomy; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: clusters: individual: 1E 0657 - 56; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21842.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datsko, Bohdan
AU  - Gafiychuk, Vasyl
AU  - Luchko, Yuri
T1  - Bifurcation characteristics of fractional reaction-diffusion systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/11/06/
VL  - 1493
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 290
EP  - 297
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Anomalous behavior of many complex heterogeneous systems is known to be adequate modeled with the fractional differential equations and in particular with the fractional reaction-diffusion systems (FRDS). In this article, a generalized reaction-diffusion model in form of a system of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations is considered. It is shown that orders of the fractional derivatives contained in the FRDS are new bifurcation parameters that can change stability both of the spatially-homogeneous and of the spatially-nonhomogeneous stationary solutions. A general principle of linear stability for FRDS is formulated. The results of linear stability analysis are confirmed by computer simulations of some basic FRDS with classical nonlinearities. It is shown that stability of steady state solutions of FRDS and their evolution are mainly determined by the orders of the fractional derivatives and the eigenvalue spectrum of the linearized systems. Moreover, new types of spatiotemporal solutions and new mechanisms of pattern formation can be observed in FRDS because of new bifurcation types. Characteristic plots of evolution of steady state solutions for basic time-fractional reaction-diffusion systems are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIFURCATION theory
KW  - REACTION-diffusion equations
KW  - COMPLEX analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - GENERALIZATION
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - PARTIAL differential equations
N1  - Accession Number: 83183156; Datsko, Bohdan 1 Gafiychuk, Vasyl 2 Luchko, Yuri 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Applied Problems of Mechanics and Mathematics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Naukova Street 3b, 79060 Lviv,  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000,  3: Beuth Technical University of Applied Sciences, Berlin,; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 1493 Issue 1, p290; Subject Term: BIFURCATION theory; Subject Term: REACTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: COMPLEX analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: GENERALIZATION; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: PARTIAL differential equations; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4765503
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - Goupil, M. J.
AU  - Belkacem, K.
AU  - Marques, J. P.
AU  - Beck, P. G.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - Barban, C.
AU  - Deheuvels, S.
AU  - Elsworth, Y.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Ouazzani, R. M.
AU  - Pinsonneault, M.
AU  - Samadi, R.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Klaus, T. C.
AU  - J. Li
AU  - Mathur, S.
T1  - Spin down of the core rotation in red giants.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/11/08/
VL  - 548
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The space mission Kepler provides us with long and uninterrupted photometric time series of red giants. We are now able to probe the rotational behaviour in their deep interiors using the observations of mixed modes. Aims. We aim to measure the rotational splittings in red giants and to derive scaling relations for rotation related to seismic and fundamental stellar parameters. Methods. We have developed a dedicated method for automated measurements of the rotational splittings in a large number of red giants. Ensemble asteroseismology, namely the examination of a large number of red giants at different stages of their evolution, allows us to derive global information on stellar evolution. Results. We have measured rotational splittings in a sample of about 300 red giants. We have also shown that these splittings are dominated by the core rotation. Under the assumption that a linear analysis can provide the rotational splitting, we observe a small increase of the core rotation of stars ascending the red giant branch. Alternatively, an important slow down is observed for red-clump stars compared to the red giant branch. We also show that, at fixed stellar radius, the specific angular momentum increases with increasing stellar mass. Conclusions. Ensemble asteroseismology indicates what has been indirectly suspected for a while: our interpretation of the observed rotational splittings leads to the conclusion that the mean core rotation significantly slows down during the red giant phase. The slowdown occurs in the last stages of the red giant branch. This spinning down explains, for instance, the long rotation periods measured in white dwarfs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED giants
KW  - KEPLER'S conjecture
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - STARS
KW  - stars: interiors
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - stars: rotation
N1  - Accession Number: 84089335; Mosser, B. 1; Email Address: benoit.mosser@obspm.fr Goupil, M. J. 1 Belkacem, K. 1 Marques, J. P. 2 Beck, P. G. 3 Bloemen, S. 3 De Ridder, J. 3 Barban, C. 1 Deheuvels, S. 4 Elsworth, Y. 5 Hekker, S. 5,6 Kallinger, T. 3 Ouazzani, R. M. 1,7 Pinsonneault, M. 8 Samadi, R. 1 Stello, D. 9 García, R. A. 10 Klaus, T. C. 11 J. Li 12 Mathur, S. 13; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  2: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Astrophysik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, PO Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  6: Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  7: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique de l'Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Aoüt 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium  8: Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  9: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  10: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM CNRS - Université Denis Diderot IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  11: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 548, p1; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: KEPLER'S conjecture; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201220106
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
T1  - Net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2009.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2012/11/15/
VL  - 115
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 365
EP  - 378
SN  - 01650009
AB  - The CASA (Carnegie-Ames-Stanford) ecosystem model has been used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems from 2000 to 2009, with global data inputs from NASA's Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation cover mapping. Net primary production (NPP) flux for atmospheric carbon dioxide has varied slightly from year-to-year, but was predicted to have increased over short multi-year periods in the regions of the high-latitude Northern Hemisphere, South Asia, Central Africa, and the western Amazon since the year 2000. These CASA results for global NPP were found to be in contrast to other recently published modeling trends for terrestrial NPP with high sensitivity to regional drying patterns. Nonetheless, periodic declines in regional NPP were predicted by CASA for the southern and western Untied States, the southern Amazon, and southern and eastern Africa. NPP in tropical forest zones was examined in greater detail to discover lower annual production values than previously reported in many global models across the tropical rainforest zones, likely due to the enhanced detection of lower production ecosystems replacing primary rainforest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - GROUND vegetation cover
KW  - VEGETATION mapping
KW  - RAIN forests
KW  - NORTHERN Hemisphere
KW  - SOUTH Asia
KW  - CENTRAL Africa
N1  - Accession Number: 82504120; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov Klooster, Steven 2 Genovese, Vanessa 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 115 Issue 2, p365; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: GROUND vegetation cover; Subject Term: VEGETATION mapping; Subject Term: RAIN forests; Subject Term: NORTHERN Hemisphere; Subject Term: SOUTH Asia; Subject Term: CENTRAL Africa; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10584-012-0460-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roberts, J.C.
AU  - Harrigan, T.P.
AU  - Ward, E.E.
AU  - Taylor, T.M.
AU  - Annett, M.S.
AU  - Merkle, A.C.
T1  - Human head–neck computational model for assessing blast injury
JO  - Journal of Biomechanics
JF  - Journal of Biomechanics
Y1  - 2012/11/15/
VL  - 45
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 2899
EP  - 2906
SN  - 00219290
AB  - Abstract: A human head finite element model (HHFEM) was developed to study the effects of a blast to the head. To study both the kinetic and kinematic effects of a blast wave, the HHFEM was attached to a finite element model of a Hybrid III ATD neck. A physical human head surrogate model (HSHM) was developed from solid model files of the HHFEM, which was then attached to a physical Hybrid III ATD neck and exposed to shock tube overpressures. This allowed direct comparison between the HSHM and HHFEM. To develop the temporal and spatial pressures on the HHFEM that would simulate loading to the HSHM, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the HHFEM in front of a shock tube was generated. CFD simulations were made using loads equivalent to those seen in experimental studies of the HSHM for shock tube driver pressures of 517, 690 and 862kPa. Using the selected brain material properties, the peak intracranial pressures, temporal and spatial histories of relative brain–skull displacements and the peak relative brain–skull displacements in the brain of the HHFEM compared favorably with results from the HSHM. The HSHM sensors measured the rotations of local areas of the brain as well as displacements, and the rotations of the sensors in the sagittal plane of the HSHM were, in general, correctly predicted from the HHFEM. Peak intracranial pressures were between 70 and 120kPa, while the peak relative brain–skull displacements were between 0.5 and 3.0mm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLAST injuries
KW  - HEAD injuries
KW  - NECK -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - SHOCK tubes
KW  - INTRACRANIAL pressure
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - Blast
KW  - Brain injury
KW  - Finite element models (FEM)
KW  - Human models
KW  - Surrogate models
N1  - Accession Number: 83164347; Roberts, J.C. 1; Email Address: jack.roberts@jhuapl.edu Harrigan, T.P. 1 Ward, E.E. 1 Taylor, T.M. 1 Annett, M.S. 2 Merkle, A.C. 1; Affiliation:  1: The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, 10020 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 45 Issue 16, p2899; Subject Term: BLAST injuries; Subject Term: HEAD injuries; Subject Term: NECK -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: SHOCK tubes; Subject Term: INTRACRANIAL pressure; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blast; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brain injury; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element models (FEM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Human models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surrogate models; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.07.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Biaggi-Labiosa, A.
AU  - Solá, F.
AU  - Lebrón-Colón, M.
AU  - Evans, L. J.
AU  - Xu, J. C.
AU  - Hunter, GW
AU  - Berger, G. M.
AU  - González, J. M.
T1  - A novel methane sensor based on porous SnO2 nanorods: room temperature to high temperature detection.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2012/11/16/
VL  - 23
IS  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - We report for the first time a novel room temperature methane (CH4) sensor fabricated using porous tin oxide (SnO2) nanorods as the sensing material. The porous SnO2 nanorods were synthesized by using multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as templates. Current versus time curves were obtained demonstrating the room temperature sensing capabilities of the sensor system when exposed to 0.25% CH4 in air. The sensor also exhibited a wide temperature range for different concentrations of CH4 (25–500 °C), making it useful in harsh environments as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TIN oxides
KW  - NANORODS -- Synthesis
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - CHEMICAL detectors
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 98022726; Biaggi-Labiosa, A. 1; Email Address: azlin.m.biaggi-labiosa@nasa.gov Solá, F. 1 Lebrón-Colón, M. 1 Evans, L. J. 1 Xu, J. C. 1 Hunter, GW 1 Berger, G. M. 2 González, J. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration Research at NASA Glenn Research Center, USA  3: Gilcrest at NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Source Info: 11/16/2012, Vol. 23 Issue 45, p1; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TIN oxides; Subject Term: NANORODS -- Synthesis; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: CHEMICAL detectors; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/23/45/455501
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gomez, H. L.
AU  - Krause, O.
AU  - Barlow, M. J.
AU  - Swinyard, B. M.
AU  - Owen, P. J.
AU  - Clark, C. J. R.
AU  - Matsuura, M.
AU  - Gomez, E. L.
AU  - Rho, J.
AU  - Besel, M. -A
AU  - Bouwman, J.
AU  - Gear, W. K.
AU  - Henning, Th.
AU  - Ivison, R. J.
AU  - Polehampton, E. T.
AU  - Sibthorpe, B.
T1  - A COOL DUST FACTORY IN THE CRAB NEBULA: A HERSCHEL STUDY OF THE FILAMENTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/11/20/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Whether supernovae are major sources of dust in galaxies is a long-standing debate. We present infrared and submillimeter photometry and spectroscopy from the Herschel Space Observatory of the Crab Nebula between 51 and 670 μm as part of the Mass Loss from Evolved StarS program. We compare the emission detected with Herschel with multiwavelength data including millimeter, radio, mid-infrared, and archive optical images. We carefully remove the synchrotron component using the Herschel and Planck fluxes measured in the same epoch. The contribution from line emission is removed using Herschel spectroscopy combined with Infrared Space Observatory archive data. Several forbidden lines of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen are detected where multiple velocity components are resolved, deduced to be from the nitrogen-depleted, carbon-rich ejecta. No spectral lines are detected in the SPIRE wavebands; in the PACS bands, the line contribution is 5% and 10% at 70 and 100 μm and negligible at 160 μm. After subtracting the synchrotron and line emission, the remaining far-infrared continuum can be fit with two dust components. Assuming standard interstellar silicates, the mass of the cooler component is 0.24+0.32– 0.08M☼ for T = 28.1+5.5– 3.2 K. Amorphous carbon grains require 0.11 ± 0.01 M☼ of dust with T = 33.8+2.3– 1.8 K. A single temperature modified blackbody with 0.14 M☼ and 0.08 M☼ for silicate and carbon dust, respectively, provides an adequate fit to the far-infrared region of the spectral energy distribution but is a poor fit at 24-500 μm. The Crab Nebula has condensed most of the relevant refractory elements into dust, suggesting the formation of dust in core-collapse supernova ejecta is efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRAB Nebula
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - SUPERNOVA 1054
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - HERSCHEL Space Observatory (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97978795; Gomez, H. L. 1 Krause, O. 2 Barlow, M. J. 3 Swinyard, B. M. 3,4 Owen, P. J. 3 Clark, C. J. R. 1 Matsuura, M. 3 Gomez, E. L. 1,5 Rho, J. 6 Besel, M. -A 2 Bouwman, J. 2 Gear, W. K. 1 Henning, Th. 2 Ivison, R. J. 7,8 Polehampton, E. T. 4,9 Sibthorpe, B. 7; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK  2: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK  4: Space Science and Technology Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK  5: Las Cumbres Obsevratory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  6: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  9: Institute for Space Imaging Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 1B1, Canada; Source Info: 11/20/2012, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CRAB Nebula; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA 1054; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Company/Entity: HERSCHEL Space Observatory (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/96
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Ireland, M. J.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Brandão, I. M.
AU  - Piau, L.
AU  - Maestro, V.
AU  - White, T. R.
AU  - Bruntt, H.
AU  - Casagrande, L.
AU  - Molenda-Żakowicz, J.
AU  - Aguirre, V. Silva
AU  - Sousa, S. G.
AU  - Barclay, T.
AU  - Burke, C. J.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Cunha, M. S.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - Farrington, C. D.
AU  - Frasca, A.
T1  - FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF STARS USING ASTEROSEISMOLOGY FROM KEPLER AND CoRoT AND INTERFEROMETRY FROM THE CHARA ARRAY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/11/20/
VL  - 760
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present results of a long-baseline interferometry campaign using the PAVO beam combiner at the CHARA Array to measure the angular sizes of five main-sequence stars, one subgiant and four red giant stars for which solar-like oscillations have been detected by either Kepler or CoRoT. By combining interferometric angular diameters, Hipparcos parallaxes, asteroseismic densities, bolometric fluxes, and high-resolution spectroscopy, we derive a full set of near-model-independent fundamental properties for the sample. We first use these properties to test asteroseismic scaling relations for the frequency of maximum power (νmax) and the large frequency separation (Δν). We find excellent agreement within the observational uncertainties, and empirically show that simple estimates of asteroseismic radii for main-sequence stars are accurate to ≲ 4%. We furthermore find good agreement of our measured effective temperatures with spectroscopic and photometric estimates with mean deviations for stars between Teff = 4600-6200 K of –22 ± 32 K (with a scatter of 97 K) and –58 ± 31 K (with a scatter of 93 K), respectively. Finally, we present a first comparison with evolutionary models, and find differences between observed and theoretical properties for the metal-rich main-sequence star HD 173701. We conclude that the constraints presented in this study will have strong potential for testing stellar model physics, in particular when combined with detailed modeling of individual oscillation frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - STARS
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars
N1  - Accession Number: 97978718; Huber, D. 1,2,3; Email Address: daniel.huber@nasa.gov Ireland, M. J. 1,4,5 Bedding, T. R. 1 Brandão, I. M. 6 Piau, L. 7 Maestro, V. 1 White, T. R. 1 Bruntt, H. 8 Casagrande, L. 9 Molenda-Żakowicz, J. 10 Aguirre, V. Silva 8 Sousa, S. G. 6 Barclay, T. 11 Burke, C. J. 12 Chaplin, W. J. 8,13 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 8 Cunha, M. S. 6 De Ridder, J. 14 Farrington, C. D. 15 Frasca, A. 16; Affiliation:  1: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia  5: Australian Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia  6: Centro de Astrofõısica and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, P-4150-762 Porto, Portugal  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823-2320, USA  8: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  9: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, The Australian National University, ACT 2611, Australia  10: Astronomical Institute of the University of Wrocław, ul. Kopernika 11, 51-622 Wrocław, Poland  11: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  14: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  15: Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3969, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA  16: INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, I-95123 Catania, Italy; Source Info: 11/20/2012, Vol. 760 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/32
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burt, Jonathan M.
AU  - Josyula, Eswar
AU  - Blankson, Isaiah M.
T1  - DSMC-based uncertainty quantification for a hypersonic shock interaction flow.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2012/11/26/
VL  - 1501
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 573
EP  - 578
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A global Monte Carlo approach for sensitivity analysis (SA) and uncertainty quantification (UQ) is integrated with a new DSMC code, and SA/UQ calculations are performed for a hypersonic double cone flow involving multiple shock-shock and shock-boundary layer interactions. Several input parameter uncertainties are considered, with different techniques utilized for inclusion of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. Over 900 simulations, requiring more than 100,000 CPU hours, are performed as part of this work, and dominant sources of uncertainty are identified for both local and global output quantities. Simulation results are compared with published computational data to ensure simulation accuracy under nominal flow conditions, and UQ results are employed to help explain discrepancies between DSMC results and experimental measurements. Aleatory uncertainty in inflow velocity is found to be the dominant contributor to the total force and surface pressure at the primary shock impingement point, while epistemic uncertainty in the wall vibrational thermal accommodation coefficient is the leading source of uncertainty in impingement point heat flux and the total convective heat transfer rate. paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - HEAT transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 83622076; Burt, Jonathan M. 1 Josyula, Eswar 1 Blankson, Isaiah M. 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 4543,  2: NASA Glenn Research Center Cleveland, OH 44135,; Source Info: Nov2012, Vol. 1501 Issue 1, p573; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4769593
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuchs, Elmar C.
AU  - Cherukupally, Anvesh
AU  - Paulitsch-Fuchs, Astrid H.
AU  - Agostinho, Luewton L. F.
AU  - Wexler, Adam D.
AU  - Woisetschläger, Jakob
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
T1  - Investigation of the mid-infrared emission of a floating water bridge.
JO  - Journal of Physics: D Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Physics: D Applied Physics
Y1  - 2012/11/28/
VL  - 45
IS  - 47
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00223727
AB  - We report on the infrared emission of aqueous bridges under the application of high dc voltage (‘floating water bridge’) over the range between 400 and 2500 cm−1 (4.0–10.3 µm). Comparison with bulk water of the same temperature reveals an additional broad peak at ∼2200 cm−1 as well as water vapour emission lines. Two complementary explanations are presented for the broad peak: first, a cooperative proton transfer comprising an orientational motion along the direction of conduction is suggested. Second, the electrolysis-less current flow is explained by a proton/defect-proton band mechanism, which is in line with the cooperative proton transfer. The water vapour emissions occur due to collision ionization of space charges with micro- and nano-droplets which are electrosprayed from the liquid/gas interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physics: D Applied Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PONTOON bridges
KW  - DIRECT currents
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - PROTON transfer reactions
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
N1  - Accession Number: 97862457; Fuchs, Elmar C. 1,2; Email Address: elmar.fuchs@wetsus.nl Cherukupally, Anvesh 3 Paulitsch-Fuchs, Astrid H. 1 Agostinho, Luewton L. F. 1 Wexler, Adam D. 1 Woisetschläger, Jakob 4 Freund, Friedemann T. 5; Affiliation:  1: Wetsus–Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands  2: Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.  3: University of Arizona, Department of Mining and Geological Engineering, Tucson, AZ, USA  4: Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery and Machine Dynamics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria  5: NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Earth Science Division, Moffett Field, CA, and SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: 11/28/2012, Vol. 45 Issue 47, p1; Subject Term: PONTOON bridges; Subject Term: DIRECT currents; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: PROTON transfer reactions; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0022-3727/45/47/475401
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lloyd, Charles W.
T1  - IAC-11.E1-7.-A1.8.5 The Mission X: Train Like an Astronaut pilot study
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 81
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 82
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Mission X: Train Like an Astronaut is an international educational challenge focusing on fitness and nutrition as we encourage students to “train like an astronaut.” Teams of students (aged 8–12) learn principles of healthy eating and exercise, compete for points by finishing training modules, and get excited about their future as “fit explorers.” The 18 core exercises (targeting strength, endurance, coordination, balance, spatial awareness, and more) involve the same types of skills that astronauts learn in their training and use in spaceflight. This first-of-its-kind cooperative outreach program has allowed 11 space agencies and various partner institutions to work together to address quality health/fitness education, challenge students to be more physically active, increase awareness of the importance of lifelong health and fitness, teach students how fitness plays a vital role in human performance for exploration, and to inspire and motivate students to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields. The project was initiated in 2009 in response to a request by the International Space Life Sciences Working Group. USA, Netherlands, Italy, France, Germany, Austria, Colombia, Spain, Belgium, Czech Republic and United Kingdom hosted teams for the pilot in the spring of 2010, and Japan held a modified version of the challenge. Several more agencies provided input into the preparations. Competing in 137 teams, more than 4000 students from over 40 cities worldwide participated in the first round of Mission X. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - GLOBAL studies
KW  - NUTRITION
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - GERMANY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Astronaut training
KW  - Education
KW  - Fitness
KW  - Health
KW  - Mission X
KW  - Obesity
N1  - Accession Number: 79957767; Lloyd, Charles W. 1; Email Address: charles.w.lloyd@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058, United States; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 81 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: GLOBAL studies; Subject Term: NUTRITION; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: GERMANY; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronaut training; Author-Supplied Keyword: Education; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fitness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission X; Author-Supplied Keyword: Obesity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.07.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Statham, Shannon M.
AU  - Hanagud, Sathya V.
AU  - Glass, Brian J.
T1  - Automated, Real-Time Health Monitoring of Structures for Interplanetary Exploration Systems.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 50
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2670
EP  - 2681
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Space exploration missions, specifically to Mars, involve complex operations as the search for water and other signs of extant or past life continues. Such missions require advanced robotic systems that are susceptible to structural and mechanical failures and operational faults, which motivates a need for structural health monitoring techniques relevant to interplanetary exploration systems. This paper presents an automated dynamics-based structural health monitoring system using laser Doppler velocimeter sensors, signal filters, and trained neural networks that is formulated for a subsurface interplanetary exploration drill prototype. The developed system presents advanced research accomplishments in the area of real-time structural health monitoring that include rapid-response capabilities of predicting drilling faults and failures before they occur and field demonstrations on an operating drill system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - MECHANICS (Physics)
KW  - COGNITIVE neuroscience
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 84445356; Statham, Shannon M. 1,2 Hanagud, Sathya V. 1 Glass, Brian J. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332  2: School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Drive NW  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Senior Scientist, Exploration Systems Division, Mail Stop 269-4; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 50 Issue 12, p2670; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: MECHANICS (Physics); Subject Term: COGNITIVE neuroscience; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051173
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Montague, Michael
AU  - McArthur, George H.
AU  - Cockell, Charles S.
AU  - Held, Jason
AU  - Marshall, William
AU  - Sherman, Louis A.
AU  - Wang, Norman
AU  - Nicholson, Wayne L.
AU  - Tarjan, Daniel R.
AU  - Cumbers, John
T1  - The Role of Synthetic Biology for In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU).
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 12
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1135
EP  - 1142
SN  - 15311074
AB  - A persistent presence in space can either be supported from Earth or generate the required resources for human survival from material already present in space, so called ' in situ material.' Likely, many of these resources such as water or oxygen can best be liberated from in situ material by conventional physical and chemical processes. However, there is one critical resource required for human life that can only be produced in quantity by biological processes: high-protein food. Here, recent data concerning the materials available on the Moon and common asteroid types is reviewed with regard to the necessary materials to support the production of food from material in situ to those environments. These materials and their suitability as feedstock for the biological production of food are reviewed in a broad and general way such that terminology that is often a barrier to understanding such material by interdisciplinary readers is avoided. The waste products available as in situ materials for feasibility studies on the International Space Station are also briefly discussed. The conclusion is that food production in space environments from in situ material proven to exist there is quite feasible. Key Words: Astrobiology-Asteroid-Biomineralogy-Cyanobacteria. Astrobiology 12, 1135-1142. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYNTHETIC biology
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MOLECULAR biology -- Research
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 90251885; Montague, Michael 1 McArthur, George H. 2 Cockell, Charles S. 3 Held, Jason 4 Marshall, William 5 Sherman, Louis A. 6 Wang, Norman 7 Nicholson, Wayne L. 8 Tarjan, Daniel R. 9 Cumbers, John 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Synthetic Biology, The J. Craig Venter Institute, Rockville, Maryland, USA.  2: Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.  3: Geomicrobiology Research Group, PSSRI, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.  4: Saber Astronautics, Manly, New South Wales, Australia.  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  6: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.  7: Department of Molecular Biosciences & Bioengineering, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.  8: Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, University of Florida, Space Life Sciences Lab, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA.  9: E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA.  10: Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA, and University of California Santa Cruz, University Affiliated Research Center, Synthetic Biology Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 12 Issue 12, p1135; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC biology; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology -- Research; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2012.0829
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - Goupil, M. J.
AU  - Belkacem, K.
AU  - Marques, J. P.
AU  - Beck, P. G.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - J. De Ridder
AU  - Barban, C.
AU  - Deheuvels, S.
AU  - Elsworth, Y.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Ouazzani, R. M.
AU  - Pinsonneault, M.
AU  - Samadi, R.
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Klaus, T. C.
AU  - Li, J.
AU  - Mathur, S.
T1  - Spin down of the core rotation in red giants.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 548
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - A10-1
EP  - A10-10
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The space mission Kepler provides us with long and uninterrupted photometric time series of red giants. We are now able to probe the rotational behaviour in their deep interiors using the observations of mixed modes. Aims. We aim to measure the rotational splittings in red giants and to derive scaling relations for rotation related to seismic and fundamental stellar parameters. Methods. We have developed a dedicated method for automated measurements of the rotational splittings in a large number of red giants. Ensemble asteroseismology, namely the examination of a large number of red giants at different stages of their evolution, allows us to derive global information on stellar evolution. Results. We have measured rotational splittings in a sample of about 300 red giants. We have also shown that these splittings are dominated by the core rotation. Under the assumption that a linear analysis can provide the rotational splitting, we observe a small increase of the core rotation of stars ascending the red giant branch. Alternatively, an important slow down is observed for red-clump stars compared to the red giant branch. We also show that, at fixed stellar radius, the specific angular momentum increases with increasing stellar mass. Conclusions. Ensemble asteroseismology indicates what has been indirectly suspected for a while: our interpretation of the observed rotational splittings leads to the conclusion that the mean core rotation significantly slows down during the red giant phase. The slow-down occurs in the last stages of the red giant branch. This spinning down explains, for instance, the long rotation periods measured in white dwarfs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED giants
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - LINEAR models (Statistics)
KW  - stars: interiors
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - Stars: oscillations
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 86190468; Mosser, B. 1; Email Address: benoit.mosser@obspm.fr Goupil, M. J. 1 Belkacem, K. 1 Marques, J. P. 2 Beck, P. G. 3 Bloemen, S. 3 J. De Ridder 3 Barban, C. 1 Deheuvels, S. 4 Elsworth, Y. 5 Hekker, S. 5,6 Kallinger, T. 3 Ouazzani, R. M. 1,7 Pinsonneault, M. 8 Samadi, R. 1 Stello, D. 9 García, R. A. 10 Klaus, T. C. 11 Li, J. 12 Mathur, S. 13; Affiliation:  1: LESIA, CNIRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  2: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut für Astrophysik, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, PO Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B 15 2TT, UK  6: Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  7: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique de l'Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Aoüt 17, 4000 Liège, Belgium  8: Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  9: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  10: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM CNRS - Université Denis Diderot IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  11: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 548 Issue 1, pA10-1; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: LINEAR models (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201220106
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frisch, P. C.
AU  - Andersson, B-G
AU  - Berdyugin, A.
AU  - Piirola, V.
AU  - DeMajistre, R.
AU  - Funsten, H. O.
AU  - Magalhaes, A. M.
AU  - Seriacopi, D. B.
AU  - McComas, D. J.
AU  - Schwadron, N. A.
AU  - Slavin, J. D.
AU  - Wiktorowicz, S. J.
T1  - THE INTERSTELLAR MAGNETIC FIELD CLOSE TO THE SUN. II.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/12//12/1/2012
VL  - 760
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The magnetic field in the local interstellar medium (ISM) provides a key indicator of the galactic environment of the Sun and influences the shape of the heliosphere. We have studied the interstellar magnetic field (ISMF) in the solar vicinity using polarized starlight for stars within 40 pc of the Sun and 90° of the heliosphere nose. In Frisch et al. (Paper I), we developed a method for determining the local ISMF direction by finding the best match to a group of interstellar polarization position angles obtained toward nearby stars, based on the assumption that the polarization is parallel to the ISMF. In this paper, we extend the analysis by utilizing weighted fits to the position angles and by including new observations acquired for this study. We find that the local ISMF is pointed toward the galactic coordinates ℓ, b =47° ± 20°, 25° ± 20°. This direction is close to the direction of the ISMF that shapes the heliosphere, ℓ, b =33° ± 4°, 55° ± 4°, as traced by the center of the “Ribbon” of energetic neutral atoms discovered by the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission. Both the magnetic field direction and the kinematics of the local ISM are consistent with a scenario where the local ISM is a fragment of the Loop I superbubble. A nearby ordered component of the local ISMF has been identified in the region ℓ ≈0° → 80° and b ≈0° → 30°, where PlanetPol data show a distance-dependent increase of polarization strength. The ordered component extends to within 8 pc of the Sun and implies a weak curvature in the nearby ISMF of ∼0.°25 pc–1. This conclusion is conditioned on the small sample of stars available for defining this rotation. Variations from the ordered component suggest a turbulent component of ∼23°. The ordered component and standard relations between polarization, color excess, and Ho column density predict a reasonable increase of N(H) with distance in the local ISM. The similarity of the ISMF directions traced by the polarizations, the IBEX Ribbon, and pulsars inside the Local Bubble in the third galactic quadrant suggest that the ISMF is relatively uniform over spatial scales of 8-200 pc and is more similar to interarm than spiral-arm magnetic fields. The ISMF direction from the polarization data is also consistent with small-scale spatial asymmetries detected in GeV-TeV cosmic rays with a galactic origin. The peculiar geometrical relation found earlier between the cosmic microwave background dipole moment, the heliosphere nose, and the ISMF direction is supported by this study. The interstellar radiation field at ∼975 Å does not appear to play a role in grain alignment for the low-density ISM studied here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMIC magnetic fields
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics)
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 97978853; Frisch, P. C. 1 Andersson, B-G 2 Berdyugin, A. 3 Piirola, V. 3 DeMajistre, R. 4 Funsten, H. O. 5 Magalhaes, A. M. 6 Seriacopi, D. B. 6 McComas, D. J. 7,8 Schwadron, N. A. 9 Slavin, J. D. 10 Wiktorowicz, S. J. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  2: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. N232-12 Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku, Finland  4: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA  5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA  6: Inst. de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil  7: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA  8: Also at University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA.  9: Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA  11: Department of Astronomy, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2012, Vol. 760 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics); Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/760/2/106
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fereres, Sonia
AU  - Lautenberger, Chris
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
T1  - Understanding ambient pressure effects on piloted ignition through numerical modeling
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 159
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3544
EP  - 3553
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: This work presents a numerical modeling investigation of the mechanisms controlling the dependence on ambient pressure of the piloted ignition of a solid fuel under external radiant heating. The focus is to confirm the hypotheses and phenomenological arguments generated by previous experimental studies of the problem. For this purpose, the effect of ambient pressure on the piloted ignition of thermally irradiated samples of PMMA is modeled using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS5) code. Two-dimensional simulations were performed using finite-rate single-step combustion kinetics in the gas-phase and a single-step Arrhenius reaction rate for the solid phase decomposition. Oxidative pyrolysis is not considered and the in-depth formed pyrolyzate is assumed to flow unrestricted through the PMMA. The objective is to understand the thermo-physical mechanisms leading to ignition and how they may be affected by a reduction in ambient pressure. The model is able to reproduce the main physical aspects of the piloted ignition of a solid fuel and confirms previous phenomenological explanations developed to describe recent experimental results at a range of ambient pressures. Reduced pressure environments result in: (1) shorter ignition times mainly due to reduced convective heat losses from the heated material to the surroundings, allowing for the material to heat more rapidly and pyrolyze faster; (2) a lower fuel mass flux at ignition, due primarily to a thicker thermal boundary layer and a thicker fuel species profile. The appearance of a premixed flame at the pilot, its propagation through the combustible mixture above the solid surface, and the subsequent sustained burning conditions are also explored in this work. The calculated ignition times and mass loss rates at ignition are compared to those measured experimentally in a laboratory-scale combustion wind tunnel. It is shown that with appropriate kinetic parameters the model qualitatively agrees with the experimental data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics)
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Critical mass flux
KW  - FDS
KW  - Ignition delay
KW  - Piloted ignition
KW  - Reduced pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 82841197; Fereres, Sonia 1; Email Address: sonia.fereres@research.abengoa.com Lautenberger, Chris 2 Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos 2 Urban, David L. 3 Ruff, Gary A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Abengoa Research, c/Energia Solar 1, Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla, Spain 1  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 60A Hesse Hall, Mailstop 1740, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44256, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 159 Issue 12, p3544; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: PHENOMENOLOGICAL theory (Physics); Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical mass flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: FDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ignition delay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piloted ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced pressure; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.08.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Ferkul, Paul V.
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Can cool flames support quasi-steady alkane droplet burning?
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 159
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3583
EP  - 3588
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Experimental observations of anomalous combustion of n-heptane droplets burning in microgravity are reported. Following ignition, a relatively large n-heptane droplet first undergoes radiative extinction, that is, the visible flame ceases to exist because of radiant energy loss. But the droplet continues to experience vigorous vaporization for an extended period according to a quasi-steady droplet-burning law, ending in a secondary extinction at a finite droplet diameter, after which a vapor cloud rapidly appears surrounding the droplet. We hypothesize that the second-stage vaporization is sustained by low-temperature, soot-free, “cool-flame” chemical heat release. Measured droplet burning rates and extinction diameters are used to extract an effective heat release, overall activation energy, and pre-exponential factor for this low-temperature chemistry, and the values of the resulting parameters are found to be closer to those of “cool-flame” overall reaction-rate parameters, found in the literature, than to corresponding hot-flame parameters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAME
KW  - STEADY-state flow
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - FIRE extinction
KW  - HEPTANE
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - Alkane chemistry
KW  - Cool flames
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 82841201; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov Dietrich, Daniel L. 2 Ferkul, Paul V. 1 Hicks, Michael C. 2 Williams, Forman A. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 159 Issue 12, p3583; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: STEADY-state flow; Subject Term: ALKANES; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: FIRE extinction; Subject Term: HEPTANE; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alkane chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cool flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922160 Fire Protection; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.07.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82841201&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Dongyeon
AU  - Tippur, Hareesh
AU  - Bogert, Phillip
T1  - Dynamic fracture of graphite/epoxy composites stiffened by buffer strips: An experimental study
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 94
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3538
EP  - 3545
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: Fracture responses of unidirectional graphite/epoxy composite coupons enhanced by buffer strips are investigated under impact loading conditions using digital image correlation technique and high-speed photography. Composite coupons made of phenylethynyl terminated imide oligomer (PETI-5) as matrix and IM7 graphite fiber as reinforcement are studied. Buffer strips are made of the same material but with a different stacking sequence to attain quasi-isotropy. Edge-notched coupons are subjected to impact loading along the axis of symmetry. The effectiveness of methods used for attaching the buffer strip, namely, co-curing at elevated temperatures and adhesive bonding at room temperature, are also examined. The optically measured stress intensity factor histories reveal that both methods provide nearly identical fracture responses. However, the crack initiates much later in coupons stiffened using adhesive bonding method than its co-cured counterpart and thus shows higher stress intensity factor at initiation. The residual stresses are shown to be responsible for the difference in the fracture responses. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - Digital image correlation
KW  - Dynamic fracture
KW  - Graphite/epoxy
KW  - Impact loading
KW  - PETI-5/IM7
KW  - Stiffener
N1  - Accession Number: 78281102; Lee, Dongyeon 1 Tippur, Hareesh 1; Email Address: htippur@eng.auburn.edu Bogert, Phillip 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, AL 36849, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 44313, United States; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 94 Issue 12, p3538; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital image correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphite/epoxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact loading; Author-Supplied Keyword: PETI-5/IM7; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stiffener; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.05.032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=78281102&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sasai, Takahiro
AU  - Nakai, Saori
AU  - Setoyama, Yuko
AU  - Ono, Keisuke
AU  - Kato, Soushi
AU  - Mano, Masayoshi
AU  - Murakami, Kazutaka
AU  - Miyata, Akira
AU  - Saigusa, Nobuko
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Nasahara, Kenlo N.
T1  - Analysis of the spatial variation in the net ecosystem production of rice paddy fields using the diagnostic biosphere model, BEAMS
JO  - Ecological Modelling
JF  - Ecological Modelling
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 247
M3  - Article
SP  - 175
EP  - 189
SN  - 03043800
AB  - Abstract: To realistically understand spatial and temporal variations in the net ecosystem production (NEP) of rice paddies in Japan, we enhanced the existing diagnostic-type biosphere model with the addition of agricultural processes. Validated with a comparison of seasonal and annual variations over 5 years, the NEP estimations bore good agreement with the measurements. In regional-scale analyses, we targeted all rice paddy fields in Japan from January 2001 to December 2009. Before and after the model enhancement, the NEP showed very different spatial variations and absolute values, suggesting that the most effective improvements were the introduction of harvest and soil oxidation–reduction processes. In annual anomaly analyses covering a 9-year period, the NEP was found to be negative in 2003 and 2006 (−0.11 and −0.25TgC/year) and positive in 2004 and 2007 (+0.02 and +0.21TgC/year). We found that the negative values were caused by decreases in solar radiation and air temperature and the positive values were caused by increases in these two parameters and precipitation. In response to the NEP, our obtained harvested grain biomass values in 2003 and 2006 were lower than usual. The results were in good agreement with the results from reports of the Japan Meteorological Agency and the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ecological Modelling is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPATIAL variation
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - RICE
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - SOIL oxidation
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - JAPAN
KW  - BEAMS
KW  - Biosphere model
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - NEP
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Rice paddy
N1  - Accession Number: 83654867; Sasai, Takahiro 1; Email Address: sasai@nagoya-u.jp Nakai, Saori 1 Setoyama, Yuko 1 Ono, Keisuke 2 Kato, Soushi 3 Mano, Masayoshi 2 Murakami, Kazutaka 4 Miyata, Akira 2 Saigusa, Nobuko 3 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 5 Nasahara, Kenlo N. 4; Affiliation:  1: Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan  2: National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, Tsukuba 305-8604, Japan  3: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba 305-8506, Japan  4: University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 247, p175; Subject Term: SPATIAL variation; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: RICE; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: SOIL oxidation; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: JAPAN; Author-Supplied Keyword: BEAMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosphere model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: NEP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rice paddy; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.08.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83654867&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jiang, N.
AU  - Bruzzese, J.
AU  - Patton, R.
AU  - Sutton, J.
AU  - Yentsch, R.
AU  - Gaitonde, D.
AU  - Lempert, W.
AU  - Miller, J.
AU  - Meyer, T.
AU  - Parker, R.
AU  - Wadham, T.
AU  - Holden, M.
AU  - Danehy, P.
T1  - NO PLIF imaging in the CUBRC 48-inch shock tunnel.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1637
EP  - 1646
SN  - 07234864
AB  - Nitric oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence (NO PLIF) imaging is demonstrated at a 10-kHz repetition rate in the Calspan University at Buffalo Research Center's (CUBRC) 48-inch Mach 9 hypervelocity shock tunnel using a pulse burst laser-based high frame rate imaging system. Sequences of up to ten images are obtained internal to a supersonic combustor model, located within the shock tunnel, during a single ~10-millisecond duration run of the ground test facility. Comparison with a CFD simulation shows good overall qualitative agreement in the jet penetration and spreading observed with an average of forty individual PLIF images obtained during several facility runs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK tunnels
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - NITRIC oxide
N1  - Accession Number: 83710025; Jiang, N. 1 Bruzzese, J. 1 Patton, R. 1 Sutton, J. 1 Yentsch, R. 1 Gaitonde, D. 1 Lempert, W. 1; Email Address: lempert.1@osu.edu Miller, J. 2 Meyer, T. 2 Parker, R. 3 Wadham, T. 3 Holden, M. 3 Danehy, P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43201 USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames 50011 USA  3: CUBRC, 4455 Genesee Street Buffalo 14225 USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1637; Subject Term: SHOCK tunnels; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00348-012-1381-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Berry Lyons, W.
AU  - Coates, John D.
AU  - Priscu, John C.
T1  - Perchlorate and chlorate biogeochemistry in ice-covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 98
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 30
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: We measured chlorate (ClO3−) and perchlorate (ClO4−) concentrations in ice covered lakes of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica, to evaluate their role in the ecology and geochemical evolution of the lakes. ClO3− and ClO4− are present throughout the MDV Lakes, streams, and other surface water bodies. ClO3− and ClO4− originate in the atmosphere and are transported to the lakes by surface inflow of glacier melt that has been differentially impacted by interaction with soils and aeolian matter. Concentrations of ClO3− and ClO4− in the lakes and between lakes vary based on both total evaporative concentration, as well as biological activity within each lake. All of the lakes except the East lobe of Lake Bonney support biological reduction of ClO3− and ClO4− either in the anoxic bottom waters or sediment. The younger less saline lakes (Miers and Hoare), have surface ClO3− and ClO4− concentrations, and ratios of ClO3−/Cl− and ClO4−/Cl−, similar to source streams, while Lake Fryxell has concentrations similar to input streams but much lower ClO3−/Cl− and ClO4−/Cl− ratios, reflecting the influence of a large Cl− source in bottom sediments. ClO3− and ClO4− in Lake Bonney are the highest of all the lakes reflecting the lake’s greater age and higher concentration of Cl−. ClO4− appears to be stable in the East Lobe and its concentration is highly correlated with Cl− concentration suggesting that some ClO4− at depth is a remnant of the initial seawater that formed Lake Bonney. ClO3− and ClO4− concentrations provide a simple and sensitive means to evaluate microbial activity in these lakes due to their relatively low concentrations and lack of biological sources, unlike NO3−, NO2−, and SO4−2. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERCHLORATES
KW  - CHLORATES
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - GLACIAL lakes
KW  - BODIES of water
KW  - LAKE sediments
KW  - ANOXIA (Water)
KW  - MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 83455728; Jackson, W. Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.jackson@ttu.edu Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3 Estrada, Nubia 1 Berry Lyons, W. 4 Coates, John D. 5 Priscu, John C. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 95136, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043-5203, USA  4: Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  5: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: Department of Land Resources & Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 98, p19; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES; Subject Term: CHLORATES; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: GLACIAL lakes; Subject Term: BODIES of water; Subject Term: LAKE sediments; Subject Term: ANOXIA (Water); Subject Term: MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2012.09.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83455728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bruhn, Ronald L.
AU  - Sauber, Jeanne
AU  - Cotton, Michelle M.
AU  - Pavlis, Terry L.
AU  - Burgess, Evan
AU  - Ruppert, Natalia
AU  - Forster, Richard R.
T1  - Plate margin deformation and active tectonics along the northern edge of the Yakutat Terrane in the Saint Elias Orogen, Alaska, and Yukon, Canada.
JO  - Geosphere
JF  - Geosphere
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1384
EP  - 1407
PB  - Geological Society of America
SN  - 1553040X
AB  - Structural syntaxes, tectonic aneurysms, and fault-bounded fore-arc slivers are important tectonic elements of orogenic belts worldwide. In this study we used high-resolution topography, geodetic imaging, seismic, and geologic data to advance understanding of how these features evolved during accretion of the Yakutat Terrane to North America. Because glaciers extend over much of the orogen, the topography and dynamics of the glaciers were analyzed to infer the location and nature of faults and shear zones that lie buried beneath the ice. The Fairweather transform fault system terminates by obliqueextensional splay faulting within a structural syntaxis, where thrust faulting and contractional strain drive rapid tectonic uplift and rock exhumation beneath the upper Seward Glacier. West of the syntaxis, oblique plate convergence created a dextral shear zone beneath the Bagley Ice Valley that may have been reactivated by reverse faulting when the subduction megathrust stepped eastward during the last 5-6 Ma. The Bagley fault zone dips steeply through the upper plate to intersect the subduction megathrust at depth, forming a fault-bounded crustal sliver capable of partitioning oblique convergence into strike-slip and thrust motion. Since ca. 20 Ma the Bagley fault accommodated more than 50 km of dextral shearing and several kilometers of reverse motion along its southern flank during terrane accretion. The fault is considered capable of generating earthquakes because it is suitably oriented for reactivation in the contemporary stress field, links to faults that generated large historic earthquakes, and is locally marked by seismicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geosphere is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLATE tectonics
KW  - OROGENIC belts
KW  - GEODESY
KW  - FAULTS (Geology)
KW  - YAKUTAT (Alaska)
KW  - YUKON
N1  - Accession Number: 86699141; Bruhn, Ronald L. 1; Email Address: ron.bruhn@utah.edu Sauber, Jeanne 2 Cotton, Michelle M. 1 Pavlis, Terry L. 3 Burgess, Evan 4 Ruppert, Natalia 5 Forster, Richard R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA  4: Department of Geography, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA  5: Alaska Earthquake Information Center, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99775, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p1384; Subject Term: PLATE tectonics; Subject Term: OROGENIC belts; Subject Term: GEODESY; Subject Term: FAULTS (Geology); Subject Term: YAKUTAT (Alaska); Subject Term: YUKON; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 9 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/GES00807.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86699141&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Vaidya, Rahul
AU  - More, Vikrant
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Assessment of Accrued Damage and Remaining Useful Life in Leadfree Electronics Subjected to Multiple Thermal Environments of Thermal Aging and Thermal Cycling.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 2
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 634
EP  - 649
SN  - 21563950
AB  - Electronic systems are often stored for long periods prior to deployment in the intended environment. Aging has been previously shown to effect the reliability and constitutive behavior of second-level leadfree interconnects. Deployed systems may be subjected to cyclic thermo-mechanical loads subsequent to deployment. Prognostication of accrued damage and assessment of residual life is extremely critical for ultrahigh reliability systems in which the cost of failure is too high. The presented methodology uses leading indicators of failure based on microstructural evolution of damage to identify impending failure in electronic systems subjected to sequential stresses of thermal aging and thermal cycling. The methodology has been demonstrated on area-array ball-grid array test assemblies with Sn3Ag0.5Cu interconnects subjected to thermal aging at 125^\circC and thermal cycling from -55 to 125^\circC for various lengths of time and cycles. Damage equivalency methodologies have been developed to map damage accrued in thermal aging to the reduction in thermo-mechanical cyclic life based on damage proxies. Assemblies have been prognosticated to assess the error with interrogation of system state and assessment of residual life. Prognostic metrics including \alpha-\lambda metric, sample standard deviation, mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, average bias, relative accuracy (RA), and cumulative RA have been used to compare the performance of the damage proxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging & Manufacturing Technology is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC systems
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - THERMAL management (Electronic packaging)
KW  - THERMAL stresses
KW  - SOLDER & soldering
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - Aerospace electronics
KW  - Aging
KW  - Assembly
KW  - Electronic packaging thermal management
KW  - Failure mechanisms
KW  - health management
KW  - leadfree solders
KW  - prognostics
KW  - reliability
KW  - remaining useful life
KW  - Stress
KW  - Thermal stresses
KW  - thermo-mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 74090950; Lall, Pradeep 1 Vaidya, Rahul 1 More, Vikrant 1 Goebel, Kai 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSF Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 2 Issue 4, p634; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC systems; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: THERMAL management (Electronic packaging); Subject Term: THERMAL stresses; Subject Term: SOLDER & soldering; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic packaging thermal management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: health management; Author-Supplied Keyword: leadfree solders; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: remaining useful life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermo-mechanics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333992 Welding and Soldering Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TCPMT.2011.2176491
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=74090950&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Lowe, Ryan
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Extended Kalman Filter Models and Resistance Spectroscopy for Prognostication and Health Monitoring of Leadfree Electronics Under Vibration.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 61
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 858
EP  - 871
SN  - 00189529
AB  - A technique has been developed for monitoring the structural damage accrued in ball grid array interconnects during operation in vibration environments. The technique uses resistance spectroscopy based state space vectors, rate of change of the state variable, and acceleration of the state variable in conjunction with extended Kalman filter, and is intended for the pre-failure time-history of the component. Condition monitoring using the presented technique can provide knowledge of impending failure in high reliability applications where the risks associated with loss-of-functionality are too high to bear. The methodology has been demonstrated on 96.5%Sn3.0%Ag0.5%Cu (SAC305) lead-free area-array electronic assemblies subjected to vibration. The future state of the system has been estimated based on a second order extended Kalman filter model and a Bayesian Framework. The measured state variable has been related to the underlying interconnect damage using plastic strain. Performance of the prognostication health management algorithm during the vibration test has been quantified using performance evaluation metrics. Model predictions have been correlated with experimental data. The presented approach is applicable to functional systems where corner interconnects in area-array packages may be often redundant. Prognostic metrics including \alpha-\lambda metric, beta, and relative accuracy have been used to assess the performance of the damage proxies. The presented approach enables the estimation of residual life based on level of risk averseness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - BALL grid array technology
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - HEALTH services administration
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Aerospace electronics
KW  - Electrical resistance measurement
KW  - Extended Kalman filter
KW  - Kalman filters
KW  - lead-free solder reliability
KW  - prognostic health management (PHM)
KW  - remaining useful life
KW  - Resistance
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - Strain
KW  - vibration
KW  - Vibrations
N1  - Accession Number: 83785478; Lall, Pradeep 1 Lowe, Ryan 1 Goebel, Kai 2; Affiliation:  1: Auburn University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSF Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$</tex></formula>), Auburn, AL, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 61 Issue 4, p858; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: BALL grid array technology; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: HEALTH services administration; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical resistance measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extended Kalman filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: lead-free solder reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostic health management (PHM); Author-Supplied Keyword: remaining useful life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2012.2220698
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83785478&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lall, Pradeep
AU  - Gupta, Prashant
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Decorrelated Feature Space and Neural Nets Based Framework for Failure Modes Clustering in Electronics Subjected to Mechanical Shock.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 61
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 884
EP  - 900
SN  - 00189529
AB  - Electronic systems under extreme shock and vibration environments may sustain several failure modes simultaneously. Previous experience indicates that the dominant failure modes experienced by packages in a drop and shock framework are in the solder interconnects including cracks at the package and the board interface, pad cratering, copper trace fatigue, and bulk-failure in the solder joint. In this paper, a method has been presented for failure mode classification using a combination of Karhunen Loéve transform with parity-based stepwise supervised training of a perceptrons. New is the early classification of multiple failure modes in the pre-failure space using supervised neural networks in conjunction with a Karhunen Loéve transform. The feature space has been formed by joint time frequency analysis. Because the cumulative damage may be accrued under repetitive loading with exposure to multiple shock events, the area array assemblies have been exposed to shock and feature vectors constructed to track damage initiation and progression. The error back propagation learning algorithm has been used for stepwise parity of each particular failure mode. The classified failure modes and failure regions belonging to each particular failure mode in the feature space are also validated by simulation of the designed neural network used for parity of feature space. Statistical similarity and validation of different classified dominant failure modes is performed by multivariate analysis of variance and Hotelling's T-square. The results of different classified dominant failure modes are also correlated with the experimental cross sections of the failed test assemblies. The methodology adopted in this paper can perform real-time fault monitoring with identification of a specific dominant failure mode, and is scalable to system level reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - ELECTRIC shock
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - SUPERVISED learning (Machine learning)
KW  - MEDICAL care
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - MECHANICAL failures
KW  - Assembly
KW  - Electric shock
KW  - Fault isolation
KW  - feature vectors
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - perceptron
KW  - prognostics health monitoring
KW  - Strain
KW  - supervised learning
KW  - Time frequency analysis
KW  - Vectors
KW  - Vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 83785490; Lall, Pradeep 1 Gupta, Prashant 1 Goebel, Kai 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, NSF Center for Advanced Vehicle and Extreme Environment Electronics (CAVE<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$</tex> </formula>), Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 61 Issue 4, p884; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: ELECTRIC shock; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: SUPERVISED learning (Machine learning); Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: MECHANICAL failures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric shock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: feature vectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: perceptron; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostics health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: supervised learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time frequency analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vehicles; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2012.2222611
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knight, G.A.
AU  - Hou, T.H.
AU  - Belcher, M.A.
AU  - Palmieri, F.L.
AU  - Wohl, C.J.
AU  - Connell, J.W.
T1  - Hygrothermal aging of composite single lap shear specimens comprised of AF-555M adhesive and T800H/3900-2 adherends
JO  - International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives
JF  - International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 01437496
AB  - Abstract: Fiber reinforced resin matrix composites and structural adhesives have found increased usage on commercial and military aircraft. These structural materials offer weight savings without sacrificing strength and mechanical performance. Since service history and long-term aging performance of these relatively new material systems are not well established, a long-term environmental aging study was undertaken. Adhesive bonds were prepared by secondary bonding of 3M™ Scotch-Weld™ AF-555M between pre-cured, unidirectional composite adherends comprised of Toray™ T800H/3900-2 prepreg. Single lap shear specimens (SLS) were fabricated and subsequently aged in an unstressed configuration at 82°C (180°F) and 85% relative humidity for up to 772 days. The aging conditions are more severe than those expected to occur in service and were selected in order to observe some changes within a reasonable exposure time. The apparent shear strengths were measured periodically at both room temperature and 82°C (180°F), and failure modes were determined and compared to control specimens that had been stored for equal periods of time at room temperature under low humidity. With hygrothermal aging, apparent shear strengths decreased and some changes in the failure mode were observed relative to those of the control specimens. However, in spite of the severe aging conditions, no adhesive failures indicative of interfacial failures were observed. SLS specimens that were hygrothermally aged, subsequently dried, and then tested did not exhibit complete recovery of unaged apparent shear strengths indicating some irreversible changes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYGROTHERMOELASTICITY
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - ADHERENS junctions
KW  - SHEAR strength
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - BINDING agents
KW  - Adhesion failure mode analysis
KW  - AF-555M adhesive
KW  - Composite lap shear specimens
KW  - Peel-ply surface treatment
KW  - T800H/3900-2 adherends
KW  - Temperature/humidity aging
N1  - Accession Number: 80032004; Knight, G.A. 1 Hou, T.H. 1 Belcher, M.A. 2 Palmieri, F.L. 3 Wohl, C.J. 1 Connell, J.W. 1; Email Address: john.w.connell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 6 West Taylor Street, MS 226 Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 39, p1; Subject Term: HYGROTHERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: ADHERENS junctions; Subject Term: SHEAR strength; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: BINDING agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesion failure mode analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: AF-555M adhesive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite lap shear specimens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peel-ply surface treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: T800H/3900-2 adherends; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature/humidity aging; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2012.06.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A. E.
AU  - Morris, Philip J.
T1  - The prediction of broadband shock-associated noise including propagation effects.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 755
EP  - 782
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - An acoustic analogy is developed based on the Euler equations for broadband shock-associated noise (BBSAN) that directly incorporates the vector Green's function of the linearized Euler equations and a steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solution (SRANS) to describe the mean flow. The vector Green's function allows the BBSAN propagation through the jet shear layer to be determined. The large-scale coherent turbulence is modeled by two-point second order velocity cross-correlations. Turbulent length and time scales are related to the turbulent kinetic energy and dissipation rate. An adjoint vector Green's function solver is implemented to determine the vector Green's function based on a locally parallel mean flow at different streamwise locations. The newly developed acoustic analogy can be simplified to one that uses the Green's function associated with the Helmholtz equation, which is consistent with a previous formulation by the authors. A large number of predictions are generated using three different nozzles over a wide range of fully-expanded jet Mach numbers and jet stagnation temperatures. These predictions are compared with experimental data from multiple jet noise experimental facilities. In addition, two models for the so-called 'fine-scale' mixing noise are included in the comparisons. Improved BBSAN predictions are obtained relative to other models that do not include propagation effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - SOUND measurement
KW  - ELLIPTIC differential equations
KW  - HELMHOLTZ equation
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - JET nozzles
KW  - Broadband
KW  - Jet
KW  - Noise
KW  - Propagation
KW  - Shock
N1  - Accession Number: 85270688; Miller, Steven A. E. 1 Morris, Philip J. 2; Affiliation:  1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2 N. Dryden St. MS 461, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, 233 Hammond Building, University Park, PA 16802; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 11 Issue 7/8, p755; Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: INVISCID flow; Subject Term: SOUND measurement; Subject Term: ELLIPTIC differential equations; Subject Term: HELMHOLTZ equation; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: JET nozzles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadband; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
T1  - Supersonic jet noise reduction by microjet injection.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 11
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 917
EP  - 936
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The effect of microjet (μjet) injection on the noise from supersonic jets is investigated. One convergent and three convergent-divergent (C-D) nozzles, covering design Mach numbers (MD) 1.0 to 2.2, are used in the study; all nozzles have the same exit diameter (D). The μjets are injected perpendicular to the primary jet at the nozzle lip from six equally-spaced ports; each port has a diameter of 0.0054D. Effects in the over-expanded and under-expanded regimes as well as one case of fully expanded condition are explored. Relative to the effect on subsonic jets, larger reduction in the overall sound pressure level (OASPL) is achieved in most supersonic conditions. While the injection readily eliminates screech tones with the convergent nozzle it becomes increasingly ineffective in screech reduction with nozzles of higher MD. With all nozzles, the injection is often found to amplify the broadband shock-associated noise; the overall noise reduction occurs due to a suppression of broadband levels especially at lower frequencies. With the shock still within the divergent section of the C-D nozzles, there is 'excess broadband noise' and sometimes there are 'transonic tones'; the injection is found to affect the tones very little but reduce the broadband noise component significantly. For shock-free, fully expanded condition, the OASPL reduction in the peak noise radiation direction is comparable to that in a subsonic case; the same correlation, found earlier for subsonic cases, applies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - VERY light jets
KW  - JET engines
KW  - JET nozzles
KW  - ATOMIZATION
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 85270682; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 11 Issue 7/8, p917; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: VERY light jets; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: JET nozzles; Subject Term: ATOMIZATION; Subject Term: MACH number; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Byrne, S.
AU  - Danehy, P. M.
T1  - Development, Uniformity and Peak Heating of a Hypersonic Laminar Near-Wake Flow.
JO  - International Journal of Aerospace Innovations
JF  - International Journal of Aerospace Innovations
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 132
SN  - 17572258
AB  - This paper describes visualisation experiments performed using the planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide. The focus was to investigate the establishment and cross-stream uniformity of the hypersonic separated flow generated in a pulsed free-piston shock tunnel facility. In particular, the laminar Mach 7.5 flow over a step downstream of a wedge was investigated. The ratio of wedge width to total horizontal distance downstream of the leading edge was 0.71 at the furthest downstream measurement point, and model side plates were not used. Flow images were obtained on successive tunnel runs with different delays after flow onset, to identify the nominal flow establishment time. Furthermore, images were obtained at the nominal facility test time using a laser sheet oriented perpendicular to the step, propagating in the spanwise direction at a height equal to half the step height. These images are compared with thermocouple heat flux measurements obtained both with and without the step and show that while the flow downstream of reattachment is uniform in the middle of the model, the separated flow immediately downstream of the step is non-uniform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aerospace Innovations is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - FLOW separation (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SHOCK tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 86879041; O'Byrne, S. 1 Danehy, P. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of New South Wales, Canberra, A.C.T., 2600 Australia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 4 Issue 3/4, p119; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: FLOW separation (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SHOCK tunnels; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lawson, John W.
AU  - Daw, Murray S.
AU  - Squire, Thomas H.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Ching, W.-Y.
T1  - Computational Modeling of Grain Boundaries in ZrB2: Implications for Lattice Thermal Conductivity.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 95
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3971
EP  - 3978
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - A combination of ab initio, atomistic, and finite element methods ( FEM) was used to investigate fundamental properties of grain boundaries and grain boundary networks and their impact on lattice thermal conductivity in the ultra high-temperature ceramic ZrB2. The structure, energetics, and lattice thermal conductance of certain low energy grain boundaries were studied. Atomic models of these boundaries were relaxed using density functional theory. Information about bonding across the interfaces was determined from the electron localization function. Interfacial thermal conductances were computed using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics. Microstructural models were used to determine the reduction in lattice thermal conductivity due grain boundary networks where FEM meshes were constructed on top of microstructural images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ZIRCONIUM compounds
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - ATOMIC models
N1  - Accession Number: 83877488; Lawson, John W. 1 Daw, Murray S. 2 Squire, Thomas H. 1 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 3 Ching, W.-Y.; Affiliation:  1: Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University  3: Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 95 Issue 12, p3971; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM compounds; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: ATOMIC models; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 8 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jace.12037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - TAYLOR, PATRICK C.
T1  - Tropical Outgoing Longwave Radiation and Longwave Cloud Forcing Diurnal Cycles from CERES.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 69
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3652
EP  - 3669
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - The diurnal cycle is a fundamental earth system variability driven by daily variations in solar insolation. Understanding diurnal variability is important for characterizing top-of-atmosphere and surface energy budgets. Climatological and seasonal first diurnal cycle harmonics of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and longwave cloud forcing (LWCF) are investigated using the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) synoptic 3-hourly data. A comparison with previous studies indicates generally similar results. However, the results indicate that the CERES OLR diurnal cycle amplitudes are 10%-20% larger in desert regions than previous analyses. This difference results from the temporal interpolation technique over-estimating the daily maximum OLR. OLR diurnal cycle amplitudes in other tropical regions agree with previous work. Results show that the diurnal maximum and minimum OLR variability contributes equally to the total OLR variance over ocean; however, over land the diurnal maximum OLR variance contributes at least 50% more to the total OLR variability than the minimum OLR. The differences in maximum and minimum daily OLR variability are largely due to differences in surface temperature standard deviations at these times, about 5-6 and 3-4 K, respectively. The OLR variance at diurnal maximum and minimum is also influenced by negative and positive correlations, respectively, between LWCF and clear-sky OLR. The anticorrelation between LWCF and clear-sky OLR at diurnal OLR maximum indicates smaller cloud fractions at warmer surface temperatures. The relationship between LWCF and clear-sky OLR at diurnal minimum OLR appears to result from a preference for deep convection, more high clouds, and larger LWCF values to occur with warmer surface temperatures driving a narrower diurnal minimum OLR distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - EARTH temperature
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
N1  - Accession Number: 84417744; TAYLOR, PATRICK C. 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 69 Issue 12, p3652; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: EARTH temperature; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs, 8 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS-D-12-088.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science-XIX: Klaus Keil.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 47
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1891
EP  - 1906
SN  - 10869379
AB  - -  Klaus Keil (Fig. 1) grew up in Jena and became interested in meteorites as a student of Fritz Heide. His research for his Dr. rer. nat. became known to Hans Suess who--with some difficulty--arranged for him to move to La Jolla, via Mainz, 6 months before the borders of East Germany were closed. In La Jolla, Klaus became familiar with the electron microprobe, which has remained a central tool in his research and, with Kurt Fredriksson, he confirmed the existence of Urey and Craig's chemical H and L chondrite groups, and added a third group, the LL chondrites. Klaus then moved to NASA Ames where he established a microprobe laboratory, published his definitive paper on enstatite chondrites, and led in the development of the Si(Li) detector and the EDS method of analysis. After 5 years at Ames, Klaus became director of the Institute of Meteoritics at the University of New Mexico where he built up one of the leading meteorite research groups while working on a wide variety of projects, including chondrite groups, chondrules, differentiated meteorites, lunar samples, and Hawai'ian basalts. The basalt studies led to a love of Hawai'i and a move to the University of Hawai'i in 1990, where he has continued a wide variety of meteorite projects, notably the role of volcanism on asteroids. Klaus Keil has received honorary doctorates from Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, and the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. He was President of the Meteoritical Society in 1969-1970 and was awarded the Leonard Medal in 1988. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - ELECTRON probe microanalysis
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - JENA (Germany)
KW  - GERMANY
KW  - KEIL, Klaus
N1  - Accession Number: 85040319; SEARS, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 47 Issue 12, p1891; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: ELECTRON probe microanalysis; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: JENA (Germany); Subject Term: GERMANY; People: KEIL, Klaus; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01416.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mahaney, W.C.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Krinsley, D.H.
T1  - Weathering rinds on clasts: Examples from Earth and Mars as short and long term recorders of paleoenvironment
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 73
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 253
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Weathering rinds on clasts of different lithologic species are an underappreciated inventory of paleoenvironmental information and, as recorders of long term exposure to the subaerial atmosphere and in some cases to burial and influx of groundwater followed by exhumation, they provide logged information over varying planetary time spans. Whereas weathered coatings of nanometer thickness have been explored by numerous workers, rinds in cold environments have not received much attention except as relative-age indicators. Rinds in terrestrial materials in certain circumstances may reveal weathering trends over time, snapshots often extending back millions of years and containing weathering zones not unlike horizons in paleosols. Wetting ‘fronts’ in rinds on coarse clastic debris (i.e. boulder, cobble, and pebble grade size material) are similar to wetting ‘depths’ in similar chemically-energized paleosols resident in moraines or mass wasted debris. Even considering erosion along terrestrial clast surfaces, new data reveal variations in primary mineral alteration, development of secondary mineral complexes, embedded pollen, fossil microbes, and various internal distributions of Fe oxides. Similar long-range recorders of paleoenvironment deduced from meteorites analyzed by the Opportunity rover on Meridiani Planum provide evidence of weathering over a ∼Gy time frame in the humid Noachian paleoenvironment of Early Mars followed by subsequent burial and later exhumation. Despite lithological variations between different sets of clasts—terrestrial and Martian—the retention of rinds as paleoweathering recorders over long and short time frames illustrates their value in paleoenvironmental reconstruction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - INFORMATION processing
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - WEATHERING
KW  - PALEOGEOGRAPHY
KW  - Paleoenvironmental reconstruction from clast rind alteration
KW  - Simulated ‘wetting fronts’ correlated with paleosols
KW  - Weathering rinds on Earth and Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 83872119; Mahaney, W.C. 1; Email Address: arkose@rogers.com Fairén, Alberto G. 2,3 Dohm, James M. 4 Krinsley, D.H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Quaternary Surveys, 26 Thornhill Ave., Thornhill, Ontario, Canada, L4J1J4  2: SETI Institute, 189 N Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 73 Issue 1, p243; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: INFORMATION processing; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: WEATHERING; Subject Term: PALEOGEOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction from clast rind alteration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulated ‘wetting fronts’ correlated with paleosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weathering rinds on Earth and Mars; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.08.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freeman, John L.
AU  - Marcus, Matthew A.
AU  - Fakra, Sirine C.
AU  - Devonshire, Jean
AU  - McGrath, Steve P.
AU  - Quinn, Colin F.
AU  - Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H.
T1  - Selenium Hyperaccumulator Plants Stanleya pinnata and Astragalus bisulcatus Are Colonized by Se-Resistant, Se-Excluding Wasp and Beetle Seed Herbivores.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 7
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator plants can concentrate the toxic element Se up to 1% of shoot (DW) which is known to protect hyperaccumulator plants from generalist herbivores. There is evidence for Se-resistant insect herbivores capable of feeding upon hyperaccumulators. In this study, resistance to Se was investigated in seed chalcids and seed beetles found consuming seeds inside pods of Se-hyperaccumulator species Astragalus bisulcatus and Stanleya pinnata. Selenium accumulation, localization and speciation were determined in seeds collected from hyperaccumulators in a seleniferous habitat and in seed herbivores. Astragalus bisulcatus seeds were consumed by seed beetle larvae (Acanthoscelides fraterculus Horn, Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and seed chalcid larvae (Bruchophagus mexicanus, Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae). Stanleya pinnata seeds were consumed by an unidentified seed chalcid larva. Micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure (mXANES) and micro-X-Ray Fluorescence mapping (mXRF) demonstrated Se was mostly organic C-Se-C forms in seeds of both hyperaccumulators, and S. pinnata seeds contained ∼24% elemental Se. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of Secompounds in S. pinnata seeds detected the C-Se-C compound seleno-cystathionine while previous studies of A. bisulcatus seeds detected the C-Se-C compounds methyl-selenocysteine and γ-glutamyl-methyl-selenocysteine. Micro-XRF and mXANES revealed Se ingested from hyperaccumulator seeds redistributed throughout seed herbivore tissues, and portions of seed C-Se-C were biotransformed into selenocysteine, selenocystine, selenodiglutathione, selenate and selenite. Astragalus bisulcatus seeds contained on average 5,750 mg Se g-1, however adult beetles and adult chalcid wasps emerging from A. bisulcatus seed pods contained 4-6 μg Se g-1. Stanleya pinnata seeds contained 1,329 μg Se g-1 on average; however chalcid wasp larvae and adults emerging from S. pinnata seed pods contained 9 and 47 μg Se g-1. The results suggest Se resistant seed herbivores exclude Se, greatly reducing tissue accumulation; this explains their ability to consume high-Se seeds without suffering toxicity, allowing them to occupy the unique niche offered by Se hyperaccumulator plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SELENIUM
KW  - HYPERACCUMULATOR plants
KW  - ASTRAGALUS (Plants)
KW  - HERBIVORES
KW  - EURYTOMIDAE
KW  - LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 84709254; Freeman, John L. 1,2; Email Address: John.L.Freeman@nasa.gov Marcus, Matthew A. 3 Fakra, Sirine C. 3 Devonshire, Jean 4 McGrath, Steve P. 4 Quinn, Colin F. 5 Pilon-Smits, Elizabeth A. H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, Fresno, California, United States of America  2: Intrinsyx Technologies Corporation and Space Biosciences, N.A.S.A. Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  3: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory-Advanced Light Source, Berkeley, California, United States of America  4: Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom  5: Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 7 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: SELENIUM; Subject Term: HYPERACCUMULATOR plants; Subject Term: ASTRAGALUS (Plants); Subject Term: HERBIVORES; Subject Term: EURYTOMIDAE; Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0050516
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - North, David
AU  - Lichtman, Flora
T1  - Higher Power.
JO  - Popular Science
JF  - Popular Science
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 281
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 18
PB  - Bonnier Corporation
SN  - 01617370
AB  - Aerospace engineer David North explains attempts by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to create a wind-energy power generator using a store-bought kite flown at 300 feet whose tethers, controlled by regenerative breaking, turn a motor to generate power.
KW  - WIND power -- Research
KW  - ELECTRIC generators
KW  - KITES
N1  - Accession Number: 85178089; North, David 1 Lichtman, Flora; Affiliation:  1: An aerospace engineer, NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 281 Issue 6, p18; Subject Term: WIND power -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTRIC generators; Subject Term: KITES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416110 Electrical wiring and construction supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423610 Electrical Apparatus and Equipment, Wiring Supplies, and Related Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335312 Motor and Generator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339930 Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 387
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Torres-Pérez, Juan L.
AU  - Guild, Liane S.
AU  - Armstrong, Roy A.
T1  - Hyperspectral Distinction of Two Caribbean Shallow-Water Corals Based on Their Pigments and Corresponding Reflectance.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 4
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3813
EP  - 3832
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The coloration of tropical reef corals is mainly due to their association with photosynthetic dinoflagellates commonly known as zooxanthellae. Combining High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), spectroscopy and derivative analysis we provide a novel approach to discriminate between the Caribbean shallow-water corals Acropora cervicornis and Porites porites based on their associated pigments. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the total array of pigments found within the coral holobiont is reported. A total of 20 different pigments were identified including chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls. Of these, eleven pigments were common to both species, eight were present only in A. cervicornis, and three were present only in P. porites. Given that these corals are living in similar physical conditions, we hypothesize that this pigment composition difference is likely a consequence of harboring different zooxanthellae clades with a possible influence of endolithic green or brown algae. We tested the effect of this difference in pigments on the reflectance spectra of both species. An important outcome was the correlation of total pigment concentration with coral reflectance spectra up to a 97% confidence level. Derivative analysis of the reflectance curves showed particular differences between species at wavelengths where several chlorophylls, carotenes and xanthophylls absorb. Within species variability of spectral features was not significant while interspecies variability was highly significant. We recognize that the detection of such differences with actual airborne or satellite remote sensors is extremely difficult. Nonetheless, based on our results, the combination of these techniques (HPLC, spectroscopy and derivative analysis) can be used as a robust approach for the development of a site specific spectral library for the identification of shallow-water coral species. Studies (Torres-Pérez, NASA Postdoctoral Program) are currently underway to further apply this approach to other Caribbean benthic coral reef features. The data will be used with planned and future airborne and satellite studies of the site and for algorithm development to advance the use of future airborne and satellite instrument capabilities (NASA PRISM and HyspIRI) for discrimination of coral reef benthic composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CORALS
KW  - DINOFLAGELLATES
KW  - HIGH performance liquid chromatography
KW  - CORAL reefs & islands
KW  - HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - SPECTRAL reflectance
KW  - Caribbean corals
KW  - derivative analysis
KW  - HPLC
KW  - pigments
KW  - reflectance
KW  - spectral analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 84426032; Torres-Pérez, Juan L. 1; Email Address: juan.l.torresperez@nasa.gov Guild, Liane S. 2; Email Address: liane.s.guild@nasa.gov Armstrong, Roy A. 3; Email Address: roy.armstrong@upr.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Bldg 245, Rm. 120, P.O. Box 1, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Bldg 245, Rm. 120, P.O. Box 1, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Bio-optical Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 4 Issue 12, p3813; Subject Term: CORALS; Subject Term: DINOFLAGELLATES; Subject Term: HIGH performance liquid chromatography; Subject Term: CORAL reefs & islands; Subject Term: HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: SPECTRAL reflectance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Caribbean corals; Author-Supplied Keyword: derivative analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPLC; Author-Supplied Keyword: pigments; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflectance; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectral analysis; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs4123813
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chang, C.W.
AU  - Okojie, R.S.
T1  - Ni-based microvalves for flow modulation: Toward active combustion control
JO  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators A: Physical
Y1  - 2012/12//
VL  - 188
M3  - Article
SP  - 396
EP  - 400
SN  - 09244247
AB  - Abstract: We report on the development of nickel-based micro diaphragms for fuel flow modulation during jet engine combustion. The micro diaphragms were fabricated and assembled, after which they were tested in a prototype mesoscale fuel injector. A combination of deep reactive etching, silicon loss molding, electroplating, and conventional machining techniques were utilized to implement the mesoscale fuel injector and the nickel diaphragms. Modulation of fluid flow through the fuel injector was demonstrated with the nickel diaphragm functioning as a valve. The diaphragms were characterized and the measured results were compared with results from finite element analysis. The fuel injector was characterized for flow rate versus applied fluid pressure and these results were compared with computational fluid dynamics results. The primary goal of this work is to demonstrate the concept of flow modulation using a nickel-based diaphragm, with future generations planned to be implemented in silicon carbide. Future application of this technology will be in active combustion control to mitigate combustion instabilities in jet engines when they occur. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators A: Physical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET engines -- Combustion chambers
KW  - ELECTROPLATING
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - INJECTORS
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - Combustion control
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Diaphragm
KW  - Finite element analysis
KW  - Microactuator
KW  - Microvalve
N1  - Accession Number: 83652948; Chang, C.W. 1; Email Address: carl.w.chang@nasa.gov Okojie, R.S. 2; Affiliation:  1: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 188, p396; Subject Term: JET engines -- Combustion chambers; Subject Term: ELECTROPLATING; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: INJECTORS; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diaphragm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microactuator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microvalve; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sna.2012.02.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baines, Ellyn K.
AU  - White, Russel J.
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Jones, Jeremy
AU  - Boyajian, Tabetha
AU  - McAlister, Harold A.
AU  - ten Brummelaar, Theo A.
AU  - Turner, Nils H.
AU  - Sturmann, Judit
AU  - Sturmann, Laszlo
AU  - Goldfinger, P. J.
AU  - Farrington, Christopher D.
AU  - Riedel, Adric R.
AU  - Ireland, Michael
AU  - von Braun, Kaspar
AU  - Ridgway, Stephen T.
T1  - THE CHARA ARRAY ANGULAR DIAMETER OF HR 8799 FAVORS PLANETARY MASSES FOR ITS IMAGED COMPANIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/12/10/
VL  - 761
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - HR 8799 is an hF0 mA5 γ Doradus-, λ Bootis-, Vega-type star best known for hosting four directly imaged candidate planetary companions. Using the CHARA Array interferometer, we measure HR 8799's limb-darkened angular diameter to be 0.342 ± 0.008 mas (an error of only 2%). By combining our measurement with the star's parallax and photometry from the literature, we greatly improve upon previous estimates of its fundamental parameters, including stellar radius (1.44 ± 0.06 R☼), effective temperature (7193 ± 87 K, consistent with F0), luminosity (5.05 ± 0.29 L☼), and the extent of the habitable zone (HZ; 1.62-3.32 AU). These improved stellar properties permit much more precise comparisons with stellar evolutionary models, from which a mass and age can be determined, once the metallicity of the star is known. Considering the observational properties of other λ Bootis stars and the indirect evidence for youth of HR 8799, we argue that the internal abundance, and what we refer to as the effective abundance, is most likely near solar. Finally, using the Yonsei-Yale evolutionary models with uniformly scaled solar-like abundances, we estimate HR 8799's mass and age considering two possibilities: 1.516+0.038–0.024M☼ and 33+7–13.2 Myr if the star is contracting toward the zero-age main sequence or 1.513+0.023–0.024M☼ and 90+381–50 Myr if it is expanding from it. This improved estimate of HR 8799's age with realistic uncertainties provides the best constraints to date on the masses of its orbiting companions, and strongly suggests they are indeed planets. They nevertheless all appear to orbit well outside the HZ of this young star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STELLAR masses
N1  - Accession Number: 97998245; Baines, Ellyn K. 1; Email Address: ellyn.baines@nrl.navy.mil White, Russel J. 2 Huber, Daniel 3 Jones, Jeremy 2 Boyajian, Tabetha 2 McAlister, Harold A. 2 ten Brummelaar, Theo A. 2 Turner, Nils H. 2 Sturmann, Judit 2 Sturmann, Laszlo 2 Goldfinger, P. J. 2 Farrington, Christopher D. 2 Riedel, Adric R. 2 Ireland, Michael 4 von Braun, Kaspar 5 Ridgway, Stephen T. 6; Affiliation:  1: Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA  2: Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 3969, Atlanta, GA 30302-3969, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Macquarie University, New South Wales, NSW 2109, Australia  5: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., MS 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125-2200, USA  6: Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726-6732, USA; Source Info: 12/10/2012, Vol. 761 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/57
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Morley, Caroline V.
AU  - Quintana, Elisa V.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Barentsen, Geert
AU  - Bloemen, Steven
AU  - Christiansen, Jessie L.
AU  - Demory, Brice-Olivier
AU  - Fulton, Benjamin J.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Seader, Shaun E.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
AU  - Tenenbaum, Peter
AU  - Thompson, Susan E.
T1  - PHOTOMETRICALLY DERIVED MASSES AND RADII OF THE PLANET AND STAR IN THE TrES-2 SYSTEM.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/12/10/
VL  - 761
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We measure the mass and radius of the star and planet in the TrES-2 system using 2.7 years of observations by the Kepler spacecraft. The light curve shows evidence for ellipsoidal variations and Doppler beaming on a period consistent with the orbital period of the planet with amplitudes of 2.79+0.44–0.62 and 3.44+0.32–0.37 parts per million (ppm), respectively, and a difference between the dayside and the nightside planetary flux of 3.41+0.55–0.82 ppm. We present an asteroseismic analysis of solar-like oscillations on TrES-2A which we use to calculate the stellar mass of 0.94 ± 0.05 M☼ and radius of 0.95 ± 0.02 R☼. Using these stellar parameters, a transit model fit and the phase-curve variations, we determine the planetary radius of 1.162+0.020–0.024RJup and derive a mass for TrES-2b from the photometry of 1.44 ± 0.21 MJup. The ratio of the ellipsoidal variation to the Doppler beaming amplitudes agrees to better than 2σ with theoretical predications, while our measured planet mass and radius agree within 2σ of previously published values based on spectroscopic radial velocity measurements. We measure a geometric albedo of 0.0136+0.0022–0.0033 and an occultation (secondary eclipse) depth of 6.5+1.7–1.8 ppm which we combined with the day/night planetary flux ratio to model the atmosphere of TrES-2b. We find that an atmosphere model that contains a temperature inversion is strongly preferred. We hypothesize that the Kepler bandpass probes a significantly greater atmospheric depth on the night side relative to the day side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETS -- Masses
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97998240; Barclay, Thomas 1,2 Huber, Daniel 1,3 Rowe, Jason F. 1,4 Fortney, Jonathan J. 5 Morley, Caroline V. 5 Quintana, Elisa V. 1,4 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 5,6 Barentsen, Geert 7 Bloemen, Steven 8 Christiansen, Jessie L. 1,4 Demory, Brice-Olivier 9 Fulton, Benjamin J. 10 Jenkins, Jon M. 1,4 Mullally, Fergal 1,4 Ragozzine, Darin 11 Seader, Shaun E. 1,4 Shporer, Avi 10,12 Tenenbaum, Peter 1,4 Thompson, Susan E. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  3: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: Hubble Fellow.  7: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK  8: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  9: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  10: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA  11: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  12: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Source Info: 12/10/2012, Vol. 761 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Masses; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/53
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97998240&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crouzet, N.
AU  - McCullough, P. R.
AU  - Burke, C.
AU  - Long, D.
T1  - TRANSMISSION SPECTROSCOPY OF EXOPLANET XO-2b OBSERVED WITH HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE NICMOS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/12/10/
VL  - 761
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Spectroscopy during planetary transits is a powerful tool to probe exoplanet atmospheres. We present the near-infrared transit spectroscopy of XO-2b obtained with Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS. Uniquely for NICMOS transit spectroscopy, a companion star of similar properties to XO-2 is present in the field of view. We derive improved star and planet parameters through a photometric white-light analysis. We show a clear correlation of the spectrum noise with instrumental parameters, in particular the angle of the spectral trace on the detector. An MCMC method using a decorrelation from instrumental parameters is used to extract the planetary spectrum. Spectra derived independently from each of the three visits have an rms of 430, 510, and 1000 ppm, respectively. The same analysis is performed on the companion star after numerical injection of a transit with a depth constant at all wavelengths. The extracted spectra exhibit residuals of similar amplitude as for XO-2, which represent the level of remaining NICMOS systematics. This shows that extracting planetary spectra is at the limit of NICMOS's capability. We derive a spectrum for the planet XO-2b using the companion star as a reference. The derived spectrum can be represented by a theoretical model including atmospheric water vapor or by a flat spectrum model. We derive a 3σ upper limit of 1570 ppm on the presence of water vapor absorption in the atmosphere of XO-2b. In the Appendix, we perform a similar analysis for the gas giant planet XO-1b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 97998260; Crouzet, N. 1; Email Address: crouzet@stsci.edu McCullough, P. R. 1 Burke, C. 2 Long, D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 12/10/2012, Vol. 761 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/761/1/7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97998260&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chatfield, Robert B.
AU  - Esswein, Robert F.
T1  - Estimation of surface O3 from lower-troposphere partial-column information: Vertical correlations and covariances in ozonesonde profiles
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2012/12/11/
VL  - 61
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 113
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Analysis of the spatial correlation of ozone mixing ratio in the vertical provides information useful for several purposes: (a) it aids description of the degree of regionality of the ozone transport-transformation processes, (b) the information provided in the form of a priori covariance matrices for remote retrieval algorithms can simplify and sharpen accuracy of the resulting estimates, and most importantly, (c) it allows a first evaluation of the improvement that remote retrievals can give over boundary-layer climatology. Vertical profiles of mean, variance, and vertical autocovariance, and vertical autocorrelation of ozone mixing ratios were estimated and given parameterizations. The WOUDC ozonesonde network database was used. During the years 2004–2006, these were considerably augmented by sondes taken by NASA, NOAA, and Canadian agencies during recent summertime intensive periods in North America. There are large differences across the North American continent in the patterns and magnitudes of correlation, especially in the lowest 2–3 km of the troposphere. This is especially significant for the near-surface layers (100''s of meters deep) which determine actual surface O3 smog exposure and phytotoxicity, since satellite retrievals typically characterize at best a thick layer extending 3 km or more from the surface. The relative variation of O3 decreases in the vertical, particularly for the somewhat polluted launch stations, and this affects inference of surface O3 significantly. We outline a simple synthesis of mixed-layer and ozone-chemistry behavior to aid discussion of this and similar phenomena. Regional differences suggest broad if qualitative explanations in terms of larger-scale (interstate-transport) and local-scale phenomena (lake and sea breezes, degree/frequency of subsidence), inviting future study. The character of near-surface-to-full-layer covariance suggests that remote retrieval can describe surface ozone surprisingly well using 0–3 km partial-column ozone… for many situations. This indicates that there is substantial utility for new remote-retrieval methods that exploit ozone absorption in multiple wavelength regions, e.g., UV + Vis, UV + IR, or UV + Vis + IR. In summary, we find considerable value in interpreting retrievable O3 columns to estimate O3 quantities that are closely relevant to air pollution mitigation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC oxygen
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC transport
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - PHYTOTOXICITY
KW  - OZONESONDES
KW  - Boundary layer structure
KW  - Ozonesonde
KW  - Pollution layering
KW  - Remote retrieval
KW  - Smog ozone
KW  - Statistical structure of atmosphere
KW  - Surface ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 82110061; Chatfield, Robert B. 1; Email Address: Robert.B.Chatfield@nasa.gov Esswein, Robert F. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research, 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 61, p103; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC oxygen; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC transport; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: PHYTOTOXICITY; Subject Term: OZONESONDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozonesonde; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollution layering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smog ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Statistical structure of atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface ozone; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.06.033
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=82110061&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Thornhill, K. Lee
AU  - Winstead, Edward L.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
AU  - Timko, Michael T.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
T1  - Power-dependent speciation of volatile organic compounds in aircraft exhaust
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2012/12/11/
VL  - 61
M3  - Article
SP  - 275
EP  - 282
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: As part of the third NASA Aircraft Particle Emissions Experiment (APEX-3, November 2005), whole air samples were collected to determine the emission rates of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from aircraft equipped with three different gas-turbine engines (an Allison Engine 3007-A1E, a Pratt–Whitney 4158, and a Rolls–Royce RB211-535E4B). Samples were collected 1 m behind the engine exhaust plane of the engines while they were operated at powers ranging from idle up to 30% of maximum rated thrust. Exhaust emission indices (mass emitted per kilogram of fuel used) for CO and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were calculated based on enhancements over background relative to CO2. Emissions of all NMHCs were greatest at low power with values decreasing by an order of magnitude with increasing power. Previous studies have shown that scaling idle hydrocarbon emissions to formaldehyde or ethene (which are typically emitted at a ratio of 1-to-1 at idle) reduces variability amongst engine types. NMHC emissions were found to scale at low power, with alkenes contributing over 50% of measured NMHCs. However, as the power increases hydrocarbon emissions no longer scale to ethene, as the aromatics become the dominant species emitted. This may be due in part to a shift in combustion processes from thermal cracking (producing predominantly alkenes) to production of new molecules (producing proportionally more aromatics) as power increases. The formation of these aromatics is an intermediate step in the production of soot, which also increases with increasing power. The increase in aromatics relative to alkenes additionally results in a decrease in the hydroxyl radical reactivity and ozone formation potential of aircraft exhaust. Samples collected 30 m downwind of the engine were also analyzed for NMHCs and carbonyl compounds (acetone, 2-butanone and C1–C9 aldehydes). Formaldehyde was the predominant carbonyl emitted; however, the ratio of ethene-to-formaldehyde varied between the aircraft, possibly due to the sampling of transient emissions such as engine start-up and power changes. A large portion of the measured emissions (27–42% by mass) in the plume samples was made up of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) with oxygenated compounds being most significant. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds -- Environmental aspects
KW  - CHEMICAL speciation
KW  - AUTOMOTIVE gas turbines
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aircraft emissions
KW  - Hydrocarbon emission indices
KW  - Oxygenated hydrocarbons
KW  - Turbine engine
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 82110077; Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 1; Email Address: andreas.j.beyersdorf@nasa.gov Thornhill, K. Lee 1,2 Winstead, Edward L. 1,2 Ziemba, Luke D. 1 Blake, Donald R. 3 Timko, Michael T. 4 Anderson, Bruce E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23662, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  4: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 61, p275; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT exhaust emissions; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: CHEMICAL speciation; Subject Term: AUTOMOTIVE gas turbines; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbon emission indices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygenated hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine engine; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murray, Alison E.
AU  - Kenig, Fabien
AU  - Fritsen, Christian H.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Cawley, Kaelin M.
AU  - Edwards, Ross
AU  - Emanuele Kuhn
AU  - McKnight, Diane M.
AU  - Ostrom, Nathaniel E.
AU  - Peng, Vivian
AU  - Ponce, Adrian
AU  - Priscu, John C.
AU  - Samarkin, Vladimir
AU  - Townsend, Ashley T.
AU  - Wagh, Protima
AU  - Youngk, Seth A.
AU  - Yung, Pung To
AU  - Doran, Peter T.
T1  - Microbial life at -13 °C in the brine of an ice-sealed Antarctic lake.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2012/12/11/
VL  - 109
IS  - 50
M3  - Article
SP  - 20626
EP  - 20631
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The permanent ice cover of Lake Vida (Antarctica) encapsulates an extreme cryogenic brine ecosystem (-13 °C; salinity, 200). This aphotic ecosystem is anoxic and consists of a slightly acidic (pH 6.2) sodium chloride-dominated brine. Expeditions in 2005 and 2010 were conducted to investigate the biogeochemistry of Lake Vida's brine system. A phylogenetically diverse and metabolically active Bacteria dominated microbial assemblage was observed in the brine. These bacteria live under very high levels of reduced metals, ammonia, molecular hydrogen (H2), and dissolved organic carbon, as well as high concentrations of oxidized species of nitrogen (i.e., supersaturated nitrous oxide and ∼1 mmol·L-1 nitrate) and sulfur (as sulfate). The existence of this system, with active biota, and a suite of reduced as well as oxidized compounds, is unusual given the millennial scale of its isolation from external sources of energy. The geochemistry of the brine suggests that abiotic brine-rock reactions may occur in this system and that the rich sources of dissolved electron acceptors prevent sulfate reduction and methanogenesis from being energetically favorable. The discovery of this ecosystem and the in situ biotic and abiotic processes occurring at low temperature provides a tractable system to study habitability of isolated terrestrial cryoenvironments (e.g., permafrost cryopegs and subglacial ecosystems), and is a potential analog for habitats on other icy worlds where water-rock reactions may cooccur with saline deposits and subsurface oceans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - SALT
KW  - BACTERIA
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - extreme environment
KW  - geomicrobiology
KW  - microbial ecology
N1  - Accession Number: 84382011; Murray, Alison E. 1; Email Address: Alison.Murray@dri.edu Kenig, Fabien 2 Fritsen, Christian H. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 3 Cawley, Kaelin M. 4 Edwards, Ross 5 Emanuele Kuhn 1 McKnight, Diane M. 4 Ostrom, Nathaniel E. 6 Peng, Vivian 1 Ponce, Adrian 7 Priscu, John C. 8 Samarkin, Vladimir 9 Townsend, Ashley T. 10 Wagh, Protima 1 Youngk, Seth A. 11 Yung, Pung To 7 Doran, Peter T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512  2: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607  3: Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  4: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309  5: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, 6845 Australia  6: Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109  8: Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717  9: Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602  10: Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7001 Australia  11: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, IN 47405-1405; Source Info: 12/11/2012, Vol. 109 Issue 50, p20626; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: SALT; Subject Term: BACTERIA; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: extreme environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: geomicrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial ecology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311942 Spice and Extract Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311940 Seasoning and dressing manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1208607109
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84382011&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2012/12/15/Dec2012 Part 2
VL  - 60
IS  - 12
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 3892
EP  - 3892
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The IEEE Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (IEEE MTT-S) International Microwave Symposium (IMS) was held in Montreal, QC, Canada, on June 17?22, 2012, and the conference Chair introduced several exciting ideas to stimulate paper submissions to the conference. First, the conference committee made a determined effort to increase publicity, especially in Asia. Second, and definitely more controversial, they reduced the paper length from the traditional four pages to three pages. The thought behind this was that it would make it easier for authors to write a journal paper based on the conference paper because the conference paper would not contain as much technical information. Thus, the authors would have an easier time meeting the IEEE MTT-S threshold that every paper, whether conference or journal, must present substantially new technical material. There were a record number of submissions to the IEEE MTT-S IMS, and there were a record number of submissions to this TRANSACTIONS' "Special Issue on the 2012 International Microwave Symposium." In fact, there were too many submissions for the reviewers, the Associate Editors, and me to complete all of the papers before the deadline for the December issue. Therefore, I have divided the IEEE MTT-S IMS "Special Issue on the 2012 International Microwave Symposium" into two parts, which will be published in this TRANSACTIONS' December 2012 and January 2013 issues. In the January 2013 Special Issue, the Editor-in-Chief will write a full editorial detailing the number of papers, the acceptance rate, and my opinion on the success or failure of the three-page experiment. In the meantime, please enjoy this Special Issue with 32 papers based on papers presented at the 2012 IEEE MTT-S IMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE amplifiers
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - MONTREAL (Quebec)
KW  - QUEBEC (Province)
N1  - Accession Number: 84490026; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Dec2012 Part 2, Vol. 60 Issue 12, p3892; Subject Term: MICROWAVE amplifiers; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: MONTREAL (Quebec); Subject Term: QUEBEC (Province); NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2225512
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84490026&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linnarsson, Dag
AU  - Carpenter, James
AU  - Fubini, Bice
AU  - Gerde, Per
AU  - Karlsson, Lars L.
AU  - Loftus, David J.
AU  - Prisk, G. Kim
AU  - Staufer, Urs
AU  - Tranfield, Erin M.
AU  - van Westrenen, Wim
T1  - Toxicity of lunar dust
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2012/12/15/
VL  - 74
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 71
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The formation, composition and physical properties of lunar dust are incompletely characterised with regard to human health. While the physical and chemical determinants of dust toxicity for materials such as asbestos, quartz, volcanic ashes and urban particulate matter have been the focus of substantial research efforts, lunar dust properties, and therefore lunar dust toxicity may differ substantially. In this contribution, past and ongoing work on dust toxicity is reviewed, and major knowledge gaps that prevent an accurate assessment of lunar dust toxicity are identified. Finally, a range of studies using ground-based, low-gravity, and in situ measurements is recommended to address the identified knowledge gaps. Because none of the curated lunar samples exist in a pristine state that preserves the surface reactive chemical aspects thought to be present on the lunar surface, studies using this material carry with them considerable uncertainty in terms of fidelity. As a consequence, in situ data on lunar dust properties will be required to provide ground truth for ground-based studies quantifying the toxicity of dust exposure and the associated health risks during future manned lunar missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - TOXICOLOGY
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - ASBESTOS dust
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Health effects
KW  - Human exploration
KW  - Inflammation
KW  - Moon
KW  - Particle toxicology
KW  - Surface reactivity
N1  - Accession Number: 84192218; Linnarsson, Dag 1; Email Address: dag.linnarsson@ki.se Carpenter, James 2; Email Address: james.carpenter@esa.int Fubini, Bice 3; Email Address: bice.fubini@unito.it Gerde, Per 4,5; Email Address: per.gerde@ki.se Karlsson, Lars L. 1; Email Address: lars.karlsson@ki.se Loftus, David J. 6; Email Address: david.j.loftus@nasa.gov Prisk, G. Kim 7; Email Address: kprisk@ucsd.edu Staufer, Urs 8; Email Address: u.staufer@tudelft.nl Tranfield, Erin M. 9; Email Address: erin.tranfield@embl.de van Westrenen, Wim 10; Email Address: w.van.westrenen@vu.nl; Affiliation:  1: Section of Environmental Physiology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Nanna Svartz v. 2, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden  2: European Space Agency ESTEC, HME-HFR, Keplerlaan 1, 2200 AG, Noordwijk, The Netherlands  3: Department of Chemistry and Interdepartmental Center “G. Scansetti” for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7,10125 Torino, Italy  4: Division of Physiology, The National Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, IMM, Box 287, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden  5: Inhalation Sciences Sweden AB, Scheeles väg 1, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden  6: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-11, Moffett Field, CA 94301, USA  7: Departments of Medicine and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0852, USA  8: Micro and Nano Engineering Laboratory, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 GR Delft, The Netherlands  9: Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  10: Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 74 Issue 1, p57; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: TOXICOLOGY; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: ASBESTOS dust; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Health effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inflammation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle toxicology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface reactivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.05.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84192218&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crockett, Christopher J.
AU  - Mahmud, Naved I.
AU  - Prato, L.
AU  - Johns-Krull, Christopher M.
AU  - Jaffe, Daniel T.
AU  - Hartigan, Patrick M.
AU  - Beichman, Charles A.
T1  - A SEARCH FOR GIANT PLANET COMPANIONS TO T TAURI STARS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2012/12/20/
VL  - 761
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present results from an ongoing multiwavelength radial velocity (RV) survey of the Taurus-Auriga star-forming region as part of our effort to identify pre-main-sequence giant planet hosts. These 1-3 Myr old T Tauri stars present significant challenges to traditional RV surveys. The presence of strong magnetic fields gives rise to large, cool star spots. These spots introduce significant RV jitter which can mimic the velocity modulation from a planet-mass companion. To distinguish between spot-induced and planet-induced RV modulation, we conduct observations at ∼6700 Å and ∼2.3 μm and measure the wavelength dependence (if any) in the RV amplitude. CSHELL observations of the known exoplanet host Gl 86 demonstrate our ability to detect not only hot Jupiters in the near-infrared but also secular trends from more distant companions. Observations of nine very young stars reveal a typical reduction in RV amplitude at the longer wavelengths by a factor of ∼2-3. While we cannot confirm the presence of planets in this sample, three targets show different periodicities in the two wavelength regions. This suggests different physical mechanisms underlying the optical and the K-band variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL magnetic fields
N1  - Accession Number: 97978926; Crockett, Christopher J. 1,2; Email Address: ccrockett@nofs.navy.mil Mahmud, Naved I. 2,3; Email Address: naved@rice.edu Prato, L. 2,4; Email Address: lprato@lowell.edu Johns-Krull, Christopher M. 2,3; Email Address: cmj@rice.edu Jaffe, Daniel T. 5; Email Address: dtj@astro.as.utexas.edu Hartigan, Patrick M. 3 Beichman, Charles A. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Naval Observatory, 10391 W. Naval Observatory Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NCC 5-538 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, MS-108, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA  4: Lowell Observatory, 1400 W Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, R.L. Moore Hall, Austin, TX 78712, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI), California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 12/20/2012, Vol. 761 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL magnetic fields; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/761/2/164
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97978926&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hobbs, G.
AU  - Coles, W.
AU  - Manchester, R. N.
AU  - Keith, M. J.
AU  - Shannon, R. M.
AU  - Chen, D.
AU  - Bailes, M.
AU  - Bhat, N. D. R.
AU  - Burke-Spolaor, S.
AU  - Champion, D.
AU  - Chaudhary, A.
AU  - Hotan, A.
AU  - Khoo, J.
AU  - Kocz, J.
AU  - Levin, Y.
AU  - Oslowski, S.
AU  - Preisig, B.
AU  - Ravi, V.
AU  - Reynolds, J. E.
AU  - Sarkissian, J.
T1  - Development of a pulsar-based time-scale.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/12/21/
VL  - 427
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2780
EP  - 2787
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT Using observations of pulsars from the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) project we develop the first pulsar-based time-scale that has a precision comparable to the uncertainties in International Atomic Time-scales (TAI). Our ensemble of pulsars provides an Ensemble Pulsar Scale (EPS) analogous to the free atomic time-scale Échelle Atomique Libre. The EPS can be used to detect fluctuations in atomic time-scales and therefore can lead to a new realization of Terrestrial Time, TT(PPTA11). We successfully follow features known to affect the frequency of the TAI, and we find marginally significant differences between TT(PPTA11) and TT(BIPM11). We discuss the various phenomena that lead to a correlated signal in the pulsar timing residuals and therefore limit the stability of the pulsar time-scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSARS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - NEUTRON stars
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - pulsars: general
KW  - time
N1  - Accession Number: 84482847; Hobbs, G. 1 Coles, W. 2 Manchester, R. N. 1 Keith, M. J. 1 Shannon, R. M. 1 Chen, D. 3 Bailes, M. 4 Bhat, N. D. R. 5 Burke-Spolaor, S. 6 Champion, D. 7 Chaudhary, A. 1 Hotan, A. 1 Khoo, J. 1 Kocz, J. 4 Levin, Y. 8 Oslowski, S. 1,4 Preisig, B. 1 Ravi, V. 1,9 Reynolds, J. E. 1 Sarkissian, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility  2: Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego  3: National Space Science Center, CAS  4: Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology  5: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, Curtin University  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  7: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie  8: School of Physics, Monash University  9: School of Physics, University of Melbourne; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 427 Issue 4, p2780; Subject Term: PULSARS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: NEUTRON stars; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsars: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: time; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.21946.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scaringi, S.
AU  - Körding, E.
AU  - Uttley, P.
AU  - Groot, P. J.
AU  - Knigge, C.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Jonker, P.
T1  - Broad-band timing properties of the accreting white dwarf MV Lyrae.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2012/12/21/
VL  - 427
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3396
EP  - 3405
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 00358711
AB  - ABSTRACT We present a broad-band timing analysis of the accreting white dwarf system MV Lyrae based on data obtained with the Kepler satellite. The observations span 633 d at a cadence of 58.8 s and allow us to probe four orders of magnitude in temporal frequency. The modelling of the observed broad-band noise components is based on the superposition of multiple Lorentzian components, similar to the empirical modelling adopted for X-ray binary systems. We also present the detection of a frequency varying Lorentzian component in the light curve of MV Lyrae, where the Lorentzian characteristic frequency is inversely correlated with the mean source flux. Because in the literature similar broad-band noise components have been associated with either the viscous or dynamical time-scale for different source types (accreting black holes or neutron stars), we here systematically explore both scenarios and place constraints on the accretion disc structure. In the viscous case we employ the fluctuating accretion disc model to infer parameters for the viscosity and disc scale height, and infer uncomfortably high parameters to be accommodated by the standard thin disc, whilst in the dynamical case we infer a large accretion disc truncation radius of ≈10 RWD. More importantly however, the phenomenological properties between the broad-band variability observed here and in X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei are very similar, potentially suggesting a common origin for the broad-band variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - BLACK holes (Astronomy)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - black hole physics
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: individual: MV Lyrae
KW  - stars: oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 84482860; Scaringi, S. 1 Körding, E. 1 Uttley, P. 2 Groot, P. J. 1 Knigge, C. 3 Still, M. 4,5 Jonker, P. 1,6,7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen  2: Astronomical Institute 'Anton Pannekoek', University of Amsterdam  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton  4: NASA Ames Research Center  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc.  6: SRON, Netherlands Institute for Space Research  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 427 Issue 4, p3396; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: BLACK holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: black hole physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: MV Lyrae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22022.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Fries, Marc D.
AU  - Qing-Zhu Yin
AU  - Zolensky, Michael
AU  - Krot, Alexander N.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Sears, Derek
AU  - Beauford, Robert
AU  - Ebel, Denton S.
AU  - Friedrich, Jon M.
AU  - Nagashima, Kazuhide
AU  - Wimpenny, Josh
AU  - Yamakawa, Akane
AU  - Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
AU  - Hamajima, Yasunori
AU  - Caffee, Marc W.
AU  - Welten, Kees C.
AU  - Laubenstein, Matthias
AU  - Davis, Andrew M.
AU  - Simon, Steven B.
T1  - Radar-Enabled Recovery of the Sutter's Mill Meteorite, a Carbonaceous Chondrite Regolith Breccia.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2012/12/21/
VL  - 338
IS  - 6114
M3  - Article
SP  - 1583
EP  - 1587
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Doppler weather radar imaging enabled the rapid recovery of the Sutter's Mill meteorite after a rare 4-kiloton of TNT-equivalent asteroid impact over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in northern California. The recovered meteorites survived a record high-speed entry of 28.6 kilometers per second from an orbit close to that of Jupiter-family comets (Tisserand's parameter = 2.8 ± 0.3). Sutter's Mill is a regolith breccia composed of CM (Mighei)-type carbonaceous chondrite and highly reduced xenolithic materials. It exhibits considerable diversity of mineralogy, petrography, and isotope and organic chemistry, resulting from a complex formation history of the parent body surface. That diversity is quickly masked by alteration once in the terrestrial environment but will need to be considered when samples returned by missions to C-class asteroids are interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES -- Collectors & collecting
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - BRECCIA
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - DOPPLER radar
KW  - RADAR meteorology
KW  - METEORITES -- Analysis
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - ASTROMINERALOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 84546427; Jenniskens, Peter 1,2; Email Address: petrus.m.jenniskens@nasa.gov Fries, Marc D. 3 Qing-Zhu Yin 4 Zolensky, Michael 5 Krot, Alexander N. 6 Sandford, Scott A. 2 Sears, Derek 2 Beauford, Robert 7 Ebel, Denton S. 8 Friedrich, Jon M. 8,9 Nagashima, Kazuhide 6 Wimpenny, Josh 4 Yamakawa, Akane 4 Nishiizumi, Kunihiko 10 Hamajima, Yasunori 11 Caffee, Marc W. 12 Welten, Kees C. 10 Laubenstein, Matthias 13 Davis, Andrew M. 14,15 Simon, Steven B. 14; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719- 2395, USA  4: Department of Geology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA  5: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  6: Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology and Astrobiology institute, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  7: Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas, AR 72701, USA  8: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural, History, New York, NY 10024, USA  9: Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458, USA  10: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-7450, USA  11: Low Level Radioactivity Laboratory, Kanazawa University, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1224, Japan  12: Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  13: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nudeare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, 1-67100 Assergi, Italy  14: Department of the Geophysical Sciences, Enrico Fermi Institute and Chicago Center for Cosmochemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  15: Robert A. Pritzker Center for Meteoritics and Polar Studies, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA; Source Info: 12/21/2012, Vol. 338 Issue 6114, p1583; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Collectors & collecting; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: BRECCIA; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: DOPPLER radar; Subject Term: RADAR meteorology; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Analysis; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: ASTROMINERALOGY; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1227163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heinrich, Frank
AU  - Keßler, Michael T.
AU  - Dohmen, Stephan
AU  - Singh, Mrityunjay
AU  - Prechtl, Martin H. G.
AU  - Mathur, Sanjay
T1  - Molecular Palladium Precursors for Pd0 Nanoparticle Preparation by Microwave Irradiation: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Catalytic Activity.
JO  - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
JF  - European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry
Y1  - 2012/12/30/
VL  - 2012
IS  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 6027
EP  - 6033
SN  - 14341948
AB  - Two new palladium complexes [Pd(MEA)2Cl2] ( 1) and [Pd(MEA)2Br2] ( 2) [MEA = (2-methoxyethyl)amine] were synthesized by the reaction of 2 equiv. of MEA with PdCl2 or [(cod)PdBr2] (cod = cycloocta-1,5-diene), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 and 2 revealed the formation of square-planar trans complexes with palladium coordinated by chloride/bromide ions and N-atoms of MEA bonded in a monodentate fashion. Given their molecular form and solubility, 1 and 2 act as intractable precursors to Pd nanoparticles by microwave-assisted synthesis. The influence of the reaction temperature, irradiation time and surfactant (PVP) concentration on the size (5-40 nm) of the resulting particles was studied by DLS (hydrodynamic diameter) and TEM analyses (particle size). The growth mechanism of the nanoparticles depended on the type of halide ligand. Powder X-ray diffractometry confirmed the formation of elemental Pd particles that were embedded in carbonized wood to examine their potential as a catalyst. The catalytic activity of these nanoscale particles was evaluated in carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions by using Heck, Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions as benchmark models. The investigations included recycling experiments that resulted in total turnover numbers of 4321 (Heck), 6173 (Sonogashira) and 8223 (Suzuki). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PALLADIUM compounds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PALLADIUM catalysts
KW  - NANOPARTICLES -- Research
KW  - CATALYSTS -- Synthesis
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SONOGASHIRA reaction
KW  - SUZUKI reaction
KW  - Complexes
KW  - Cross-coupling
KW  - Heck reaction
KW  - Nanoparticles
KW  - Palladium
KW  - Wood
N1  - Accession Number: 84106901; Heinrich, Frank 1 Keßler, Michael T. 1 Dohmen, Stephan 1 Singh, Mrityunjay 2 Prechtl, Martin H. G. 1 Mathur, Sanjay 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Chair of Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939 Cologne, Germany, http://www.mathur.uni-koeln.de  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44135-3191, USA; Source Info: Dec2012, Vol. 2012 Issue 36, p6027; Subject Term: PALLADIUM compounds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PALLADIUM catalysts; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES -- Research; Subject Term: CATALYSTS -- Synthesis; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SONOGASHIRA reaction; Subject Term: SUZUKI reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Complexes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cross-coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heck reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wood; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/ejic.201200380
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luckring, James M.
T1  - Initial experiments and analysis of blunt-edge vortex flows for VFE-2 configurations at NASA Langley, USA
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 21
SN  - 12709638
AB  - Abstract: A review is presented of the initial experimental results and analysis that formed the basis the Vortex Flow Experiment 2 (VFE-2). The focus of this work was to distinguish the basic effects of Reynolds number, Mach number, angle of attack, and leading-edge bluntness on separation-induced leading-edge vortex flows that are common to slender wings. Primary analysis is focused on detailed static surface pressure distributions, and the results demonstrate significant effects regarding the onset and progression of leading-edge vortex separation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - VORTEX methods
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Blunt-leading edge
KW  - Delta wing
KW  - Experiments and/or numerics
KW  - Vortical flow
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85816090; Luckring, James M. 1; Email Address: james.m.luckring@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p10; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Subject Term: VORTEX methods; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blunt-leading edge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delta wing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experiments and/or numerics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vortical flow; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2012.02.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85816090&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luckring, James M.
AU  - Hummel, Dietrich
T1  - What was learned from the new VFE-2 experiments
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 24
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 88
SN  - 12709638
AB  - Abstract: In the present paper the main results of the new experiments from VFE-2 are summarized. These include some force and moment results, surface and off-body measurements, as well as steady and fluctuating quantities. Some critical remarks are added, and an outlook for future investigations is given. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX methods
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - MEASUREMENT
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - SCIENTIFIC experimentation
KW  - Blunt leading edge
KW  - Delta wing
KW  - Experiments and/or numerics
KW  - Vortical flow
N1  - Accession Number: 85816096; Luckring, James M. 1; Email Address: james.m.luckring@nasa.gov Hummel, Dietrich 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 499, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Institute of Fluid Mechanics, Technical University Braunschweig, Bienroder Weg 3, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 24 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: VORTEX methods; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: MEASUREMENT; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC experimentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blunt leading edge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delta wing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experiments and/or numerics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vortical flow; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2011.07.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, M. G.
AU  - Watsor, W. R.
T1  - Validation of an Improved Experimental Method for Use in Impedance Education.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 186
EP  - 199
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Results from impedance education methods developed by NASA Langley Research Center are used throughout the acoustic liner community. Occasional anomalies persist with these methods at frequencies where the liner produces minimal attenuation. An approach to educe impedance spectra with increased confidence is demonstrated, by combining results from successive tests with different cavity depths. First, a raylometer is used to measure the DC flow resistance of three wire-mesh facesheets. These facesheets are then mounted onto frames and a normal incidence tube is used to determine their respective acoustic impedance spectra. Next, each facesheet is successively mounted onto three frames with different cavity depths, and a grazing flow impedance tube is used to educe their respective acoustic impedance spectra with and without mean flow. Since the resonance frequency varies with cavity depth, each sample provides robust results over a different frequency range. Hence, a combination of results can be used to determine the facesheet acoustic resistance. When combined with the acoustic reactance (weakly dependent on the source sound pressure level and grazing flow Mach number), the acoustic impedance can be educed with increased confidence. Representative test results are discussed, and the complete database is available in electronic format upon request. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 85163634; Jones, M. G. 1,2 Watsor, W. R. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Research Directorate, Structural Acoustic Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: Senior Research Scientist, Research Directorate, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p186; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051705
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85163634&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaczkowski, B.
AU  - Preibisch, T.
AU  - Ratzka, T.
AU  - Roccatagliata, V.
AU  - Ohlendorf, H.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
T1  - Herschel far-infrared observations of the Carina Nebula complex II. The embedded young stellar and protostellar population.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 549
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The Carina Nebula represents one of the largest and most active star forming regions known in our Galaxy. It contains numerous very massive (M ≳ 40 M⊕) stars that strongly affect the surrounding clouds by their ionizing radiation and stellar winds. Aims. Our recently obtained Herschel PACS and SPIRE far-infrared maps cover the full area (≈8.7 deg²) of the Carina Nebula complex (CNC) and reveal the population of deeply embedded young stellar objects (YSOs), most of which are not yet visible in the mid- or near-infrared. Methods. We study the properties of the 642 objects that are independently detected as point-like sources in at least two of the five Herschel bands. For those objects that can be identified with apparently single Spitzer counterparts, we use radiative transfer models to derive information about the basic stellar and circumstellar parameters. Results. We find that about 75% of the Herschel-detected YSOs are Class 0 protostars. The luminosities of the Herschel-detected YSOs with SED fits are restricted to values of ≥5400 L⊙, their masses (estimated from the radiative transfer modeling) range from ≈1 M⊙ to ≈10 M⊙. Taking the observational limits into account and extrapolating the observed number of Herschel-detected protostars over the stellar initial mass function suggest that the star formation rate of the CNC is ∼0.017 M⊙/year. The spatial distribution of the Herschel YSO candidates is highly inhomogeneous and does not follow the distribution of cloud mass. Rather, most Herschel YSO candidates are found at the irradiated edges of clouds and pillars. The far-infrared fluxes of the famous object η Car are about a factor of two lower than expected from observations with the Infrared Space Observatory obtained 15 years ago; this difference may be a consequence of dynamical changes in the circumstellar dust in the Homunculus Nebula around η Car. Conclusions. The currently ongoing star formation process forms only low-mass and intermediate-mass stars, but no massive (M ≳ 20 M⊙) stars. The characteristic spatial configuration of the YSOs provides support to the picture that the formation of this latest stellar generation is triggered by the advancing ionization fronts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - PROTOSTARS
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - ISM: individual objects: NGC 3372
KW  - mass function
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: individual: η Carinae
KW  - stars: luminosity function
KW  - stars: protostars
N1  - Accession Number: 85123779; Gaczkowski, B. 1; Email Address: bengac@usm.uni-muenchen.de Preibisch, T. 1 Ratzka, T. 1 Roccatagliata, V. 1 Ohlendorf, H. 1 Zinnecker, H. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany  2: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 549, p1; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: NGC 3372; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass function; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: η Carinae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: luminosity function; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: protostars; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219836
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lampens, P.
AU  - Tkachenko, A.
AU  - Lehmann, H.
AU  - Debosscher, J.
AU  - Aerts, C.
AU  - Beck, P. G.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Kochiashvili, N.
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Smith, J. C.
AU  - Tenenbaum, P.
AU  - Twicken, J. D.
T1  - Low-frequency variations of unknown origin in the Kepler δ Scuti star KIC 5988140 = HD188774.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 549
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The NASA exoplanet search mission Kepler is currently providing a wealth of light curves of ultra-high quality from space. Aims. We used high-quality Kepler photometry and spectroscopic data to investigate the Kepler target and binary candidate KIC5988140. We aim to interpret the observed variations of KIC5988140 considering three possible scenarios: binarity, co-existence of δ Sct- and γ Dor-type oscillations, and rotational modulation caused by an asymmetric surface intensity distribution. Methods. We used the spectrum synthesis method to derive the fundamental parameters Teff, logg, [M/H], and v sin i from the newly obtained high-resolution, high S/N spectra. Frequency analyses of both the photometric and the spectroscopic data were performed. Results. The star has a spectral type of A7.5 IV-III and a metallicity slightly lower than that of the Sun. Both Fourier analyses reveal the same two dominant frequencies F1 = 2F2 = 0.688 and F2 = 0.344 d-1. We also detected in the photometry the signal of nine more, significant frequencies located in the typical range of δ Sct pulsation. The light and radial velocity curves follow a similar, stable double-wave pattern which are not exactly in anti-phase but show a relative phase shift of about 0.1 period between the moment of minimum velocity and that of maximum light. Conclusions. Such findings are incompatible with the star being a binary system. We next show that, for all possible (limit) configurations of a spotted surface, the predicted light-to-velocity amplitude ratio is almost two orders larger than the observed value, which pleads against rotational modulation. The same argument also invalidates the explanation in terms of pulsations of type γ Dor (i.e. hybrid pulsations). We confirm the occurrence of various independent δ Sct-type pressure modes in the Kepler light curve. With respect to the low-frequency content, however, we argue that the physical cause of the remaining light and radial velocity variations of this late A-type star remains unexplained by any of the presently considered scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - asteroseismology
KW  - stars: abundances
KW  - stars: atmospheres
KW  - stars: individual: HD 188774
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars: variables: d Scuti
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85123816; Lampens, P. 1; Email Address: Patricia.Lampens@oma.be Tkachenko, A. 2 Lehmann, H. 3 Debosscher, J. 2 Aerts, C. 2,4 Beck, P. G. 2 Bloemen, S. 2 Kochiashvili, N. 5 Derekas, A. 6 Smith, J. C. 7 Tenenbaum, P. 7 Twicken, J. D. 7; Affiliation:  1: Koninklijke Sterrenwacht van België, Ringlaan 3, 1180 Brussel, Belgium  2: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  3: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany  4: Department of Astrophysics, IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands  5: Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Ilia State University, 0301 Abastumani, Georgia  6: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 67, 1525 Budapest, Hungary  7: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 549, p1; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HD 188774; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: d Scuti; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201219525
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adams, C.
AU  - Bourassa, A. E.
AU  - Bathgate, A. F.
AU  - McLinden, C. A.
AU  - Lloyd, N. D.
AU  - Roth, C. Z.
AU  - Llewellyn, E. J.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Flittner, D. E.
AU  - Manney, G. L.
AU  - Daffer, W. H.
AU  - Degenstein, D. A.
T1  - Characterization of Odin-OSIRIS ozone profiles with the SAGE II dataset.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1033
EP  - 1065
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS) on board the Odin spacecraft has been taking limb-scattered measurements of ozone number density profiles from 2001-present. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) took solar occultation measurements of ozone number densities from 1984-2005 and has been used in many studies of long-term ozone trends. We present the characterization of OSIRIS SaskMART v5.0x against the new SAGE II v7.00 ozone profiles for 2001-2005, the period over which these two missions had overlap. This information can be used to merge OSIRIS and other satellite ozone measurements with SAGE II into a single ozone record from 1984 to the present. Coincident measurement pairs were selected for ±1 h, ±1° latitude, and ±500 km. The absolute value of the resulting mean relative difference profile was < 5% for 13.5-54.5km and < 3% for 24.5-53.5 km. Correlation coefficients R > 0.9 were calculated for 13.5-49.5 km, demonstrating excellent overall agreement between the two datasets. Coincidence criteria were relaxed to maximize the number of measurement pairs and the conditions under which measurements were taken. With the broad coincidence criteria, good agreement (< 5 %) was observed under most conditions for 20.5-40.5 km. However, mean relative differences do exceed 5% under several cases. Above 50 km, differences between OSIRIS and SAGE II are partly attributed to the diurnal variation of ozone. OSIRIS data are biased high compared with SAGE II at 22.5 km, particularly at high latitudes. The OSIRIS optics temperature is low (< 16 °C) during May-July, when the satellite enters the Earth's shadow for part of its orbit. During this period, OSIRIS measurements are biased low by 5-12% for 27.5-38.5 km. Biases between OSIRIS ascending node (northward equatorial crossing time ~ 18:00 LT) and descending node (south25 ward equatorial crossing time ~ 06:00 LT) measurements are also noted under some conditions. This work demonstrates that OSIRIS and SAGE II have excellent overall agreement and characterizes the biases between these datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OZONE
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 85935580; Adams, C. 1; Email Address: cristen.adams@usask.ca Bourassa, A. E. 1 Bathgate, A. F. 1 McLinden, C. A. 2 Lloyd, N. D. 1 Roth, C. Z. 1 Llewellyn, E. J. 1 Zawodny, J. M. 3 Flittner, D. E. 3 Manney, G. L. 4,5 Daffer, W. H. 6 Degenstein, D. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada  2: Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  4: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA  5: NorthWest Research Associates, Socorro, New Mexico, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p1033; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-6-1033-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85935580&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lopes, F. J. S.
AU  - Landulfo, E.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
T1  - Assessment of the CALIPSO Lidar 532nm version 3 lidar ratio models using a ground-based lidar and AERONET sun photometers in Brazil.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1143
EP  - 1199
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Since the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite first began probing the Earth's atmosphere on 13 June 2006, several research groups dedicated to investigating the atmosphere's optical proper ties have conducted measurement campaigns to validate the CALIPSO data products. Recently, in order to address the lack of CALIPSO validation studies in the Southern Hemisphere, and especially the South American continent, the Lasers Environmental Applications Research Group at Brazil's Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN) initiated efforts to assess CALIPSO's aerosol lidar ratio estimates using two ground-based remote sensing instruments: a single elastic backscatter lidar system and the AERONET sun photometers installed at five different locations in Brazil. In this study we develop a validation methodology to assess the accuracy of the modeled values of the lidar ratios used by the CALIPSO extinction algorithms. We recognize that the quality of any comparisons between satellite and ground-based measurements de15 pends on the degree to which the instruments are collocated, and that even selecting the best spatial and temporal matches does not provide an unequivocal guarantee that both instruments are measuring the same air mass. The validation methodology presented in this study therefore applies backward and forward air mass trajectories in order to obtain the best possible match between the air masses sampled by the satellite and the ground-based instruments, and thus reduces the uncertainties associated with aerosol air mass variations. Quantitative comparisons of lidar ratio values determined from the combination of AERONET optical depth measurements and CALIOP integrated attenuated backscatter show good agreement with the model values assigned by the CALIOP algorithm. These comparisons yield a mean percentage difference of -2%±26%. Similarly, lidar ratio values retrieved by the elastic backscatter lidar system at IPEN show a mean percentage difference of -2%±15% when compared with CALIOP's lidar ratio. These results confirm the accuracy in the lidar ratio estimates provided by the CALIOP algorithms to within an uncertainty range of no more than 30 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - PHOTOMETERS
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - BRAZIL
N1  - Accession Number: 85935584; Lopes, F. J. S. 1,2; Email Address: fabiolopes@usp.br Landulfo, E. 2; Email Address: elandulf@ipen.br Vaughan, M. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (IAG), University of São Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil  2: Center for Lasers and Application – Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN), Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p1143; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: PHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: BRAZIL; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 57p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 9 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-6-1143-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85935584&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Munchak, L. A.
AU  - Levy, R. C.
AU  - Mattoo, S.
AU  - Remer, L. A.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
AU  - Schafer, J. S.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
T1  - MODIS 3km aerosol product: applications over land in an urban/suburban region.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1683
EP  - 1716
SN  - 18678610
AB  - MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites have provided a rich dataset of aerosol information at a 10km spatial scale. Although originally intended for climate applications, the air quality community quickly became interested in using the MODIS aerosol data. However, 10 km resolution is not sufficient to resolve local scale aerosol features. With this in mind, MODIS Collection 6 is including a global aerosol product with a 3 km resolution. Here, we evaluate the 3 km product over the Baltimore/Washington D.C., USA, corridor during the summer of 2011, by comparing with spatially dense data collected as part of the DISCOVER-AQ campaign; these data were measured by the NASA Langley Research Center airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) and a network of 44 sun photometers (SP) spaced approximately 10 km apart. The HSRL instrument shows that AOD can vary by up to 0.2 within a single 10 km MODIS pixel, meaning that higher resolution satellite retrievals may help to characterize aerosol spatial distributions in this region. Different techniques for validating a high-resolution aerosol product against SP measurements are considered. Although the 10km product is more statistically reliable than the 3km product, the 3 km product still performs acceptably, with more than two-thirds of MODIS/SP collocations falling within the expected error envelope with high correlation (R >0.90). The 3 km product can better resolve aerosol gradients and retrieve closer to clouds and shorelines than the 10 km product, but tends to show more significant noise especially in urban areas. This urban degradation is quantified using ancillary land cover data. Overall, we show that the MODIS 3 km product adds new information to the existing set of satellite derived aerosol products and validates well over the region, but due to noise and problems in urban areas, should be treated with some degree of caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - SUBURBS
KW  - METROPOLITAN areas
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL degradation
N1  - Accession Number: 85935597; Munchak, L. A. 1,2; Email Address: leigh.a.munchak@nasa.gov Levy, R. C. 1,2 Mattoo, S. 1,2 Remer, L. A. 3 Holben, B. N. 1 Schafer, J. S. 1,4 Hostetler, C. A. 5 Ferrare, R. A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Earth Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt MD 20771, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham MD 20709, USA  3: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore MD 21228, USA  4: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham MD 20706, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p1683; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: SUBURBS; Subject Term: METROPOLITAN areas; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL degradation; Number of Pages: 34p; Illustrations: 5 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-6-1683-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85935597&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Omar, A. H.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
T1  - Aerosol classification from airborne HSRL and comparisons with the CALIPSO vertical feature mask.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1815
EP  - 1858
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Aerosol classification products from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) on the NASA B200 aircraft are compared with coincident V3.01 aerosol classification products from the CALIOP instrument on the CALIPSO satellite. For CALIOP, aerosol classification is a key input to the aerosol retrieval, and must be inferred using aerosol loading-dependent observations and location information. In contrast, HSRL-1 makes direct measurements of aerosol intensive properties, including the lidar ratio, that provide information on aerosol type. In this study, comparisons are made for 109 underflights of the CALIOP orbit track. We find that 62% of the CALIOP marine layers and 54% of the polluted continental layers agree with HSRL-1 classification results. In addition, 80% of the CALIOP desert dust layers are classified as either dust or dusty mix by HSRL-1. However, agreement is less for CALIOP smoke (13 %) and polluted dust (35 %) layers. Specific case studies are examined, giving insight into the performance of the CALIOP aerosol type algorithm. In particular, we find that the CALIOP polluted dust type is overused due to an attenuation-related depolarization bias. Furthermore, the polluted dust type frequently includes mixtures of dust plus marine aerosol. Finally, we find that CALIOP's identification of internal boundaries between different aerosol types in contact with each other frequently do not reflect the actual transitions between aerosol types accurately. Based on these findings, we give recommendations which may help to improve the CALIOP aerosol type algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85935600; Burton, S. P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov Ferrare, R. A. 1 Vaughan, M. A. 1 Omar, A. H. 1 Rogers, R. R. 1 Hostetler, C. A. 1 Hair, J. W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p1815; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 44p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-6-1815-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85935600&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Versino, Daniele
AU  - Gherlone, Marco
AU  - Mattone, Massimiliano
AU  - Di Sciuva, Marco
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
T1  - C 0 triangular elements based on the Refined Zigzag Theory for multilayer composite and sandwich plates
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 44
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 218
EP  - 230
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: The Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) has been recently developed for the analysis of homogeneous, multilayer composite and sandwich plates. The theory has a number of practical and theoretical advantages over the widely used First-order Shear Deformation Theory (FSDT) and other types of higher-order and zigzag theories. Using FSDT as a baseline, RZT takes into account the stretching, bending, and transverse shear deformations. Unlike FSDT, this novel theory does not require shear correction factors to yield accurate results for a wide range of material systems including homogeneous, laminated composite, and sandwich laminates. The inplane zigzag kinematic assumptions, which compared to FSDT add two additional rotation-type kinematic variables, give rise to two types of transverse shear strain measures – the classical average shear strain (as in FSDT) and another one related to the cross-sectional distortions enabled by the zigzag kinematic terms. Consequently, with a fixed number of kinematic variables, the theory enables a highly accurate modeling of multilayer composite and sandwich plates even when the laminate stacking sequence exhibits a high degree of transverse heterogeneity. Unlike most zigzag formulations, this theory is not affected by such theoretical anomalies as the vanishing of transverse shear stresses and forces along clamped boundaries. In this paper, six- and three-node, C 0-continuous, RZT-based triangular plate finite elements are developed; they provide the best compromise between computational efficiency and accuracy. The element shape functions are based on anisoparametric (aka interdependent) interpolations that ensure proper element behavior even when very thin plates are modeled. Continuous edge constraints are imposed on the transverse shear strain measures to derive coupled-field deflection shape functions, resulting in a simple and efficient three-node element. The elements are implemented in ABAQUS – a widely used commercial finite element code – by way of a user-element subroutine. The predictive capabilities of the new elements are assessed on several elasto-static problems, which include simply supported and cantilevered laminated composite and sandwich plates. The numerical results demonstrate that the new RZT-based elements provide superior predictions for modeling a wide range of laminates including highly heterogeneous sandwich laminations. They also offer substantial improvements over the existing plate elements based on FSDT as well as other higher-order and zigzag-type elements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - A. Layered structures
KW  - A. Plates
KW  - B. Anisotropy
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
KW  - Refined Zigzag Theory
N1  - Accession Number: 82429479; Versino, Daniele 1; Email Address: daniele.versino@polito.it Gherlone, Marco 1 Mattone, Massimiliano 1 Di Sciuva, Marco 1 Tessler, Alexander 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 44 Issue 1, p218; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Layered structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Refined Zigzag Theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.05.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Forget, F.
AU  - Wordsworth, R.
AU  - Millour, E.
AU  - Madeleine, J.-B.
AU  - Kerber, L.
AU  - Leconte, J.
AU  - Marcq, E.
AU  - Haberle, R.M.
T1  - 3D modelling of the early martian climate under a denser CO2 atmosphere: Temperatures and CO2 ice clouds
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 222
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 99
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: On the basis of geological evidence, it is often stated that the early martian climate was warm enough for liquid water to flow on the surface thanks to the greenhouse effect of a thick atmosphere. We present 3D global climate simulations of the early martian climate performed assuming a faint young Sun and a CO2 atmosphere with surface pressure between 0.1 and 7bars. The model includes a detailed radiative transfer model using revised CO2 gas collision induced absorption properties, and a parameterisation of the CO2 ice cloud microphysical and radiative properties. A wide range of possible climates is explored using various values of obliquities, orbital parameters, cloud microphysic parameters, atmospheric dust loading, and surface properties. Unlike on present day Mars, for pressures higher than a fraction of a bar, surface temperatures vary with altitude because of the adiabatic cooling and warming of the atmosphere when it moves vertically. In most simulations, CO2 ice clouds cover a major part of the planet. Previous studies had suggested that they could have warmed the planet thanks to their scattering greenhouse effect. However, even assuming parameters that maximize this effect, it does not exceed +15K. Combined with the revised CO2 spectroscopy and the impact of surface CO2 ice on the planetary albedo, we find that a CO2 atmosphere could not have raised the annual mean temperature above 0°C anywhere on the planet. The collapse of the atmosphere into permanent CO2 ice caps is predicted for pressures higher than 3bar, or conversely at pressure lower than 1bar if the obliquity is low enough. Summertime diurnal mean surface temperatures above 0°C (a condition which could have allowed rivers and lakes to form) are predicted for obliquity larger than 40° at high latitudes but not in locations where most valley networks or layered sedimentary units are observed. In the absence of other warming mechanisms, our climate model results are thus consistent with a cold early Mars scenario in which nonclimatic mechanisms must occur to explain the evidence for liquid water. In a companion paper by Wordsworth et al. we simulate the hydrological cycle on such a planet and discuss how this could have happened in more detail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - GREENHOUSE gas mitigation
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - Atmospheres, Evolution
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - Mars, Polar caps
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 84648952; Forget, F. 1; Email Address: forget@lmd.jussieu.fr Wordsworth, R. 1 Millour, E. 1 Madeleine, J.-B. 1 Kerber, L. 1 Leconte, J. 1 Marcq, E. 2 Haberle, R.M. 3; Affiliation:  1: LMD, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, Universit P. et M. Curie, BP 99, 75005 Paris, France  2: LATMOS, Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, 78280 Guyancourt, France  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 222 Issue 1, p81; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gas mitigation; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Polar caps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84648952&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina Morea
AU  - Dalle Ore, Luciano V.
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Emery, Joshua P.
AU  - Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi
AU  - Marzo, Giuseppe A.
T1  - A compositional interpretation of trans-neptunian objects taxonomies
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 222
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 307
EP  - 322
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Trans-neptunian objects (TNOs) are a population of small objects orbiting the Sun beyond Neptune. Because of their distance they are difficult to observe spectroscopically, but a large body of photometric observations is available and growing. TNOs are important tracers of the evolution of the outer Solar System and key when testing current dynamical evolution theories. Previous statistical studies of the colors of TNOs have yielded useful but limited results regarding the chemical history and evolution of these bodies. With the aim at obtaining compositional information on the small and distant TNOs we introduce a statistical cluster analysis (labelled albedo) based on colors and published albedos of TNOs. We compare it to a previous taxonomy, to illustrate the significance of including the albedo information when determining the composition of the objects. When the albedo contribution is removed from the data, the new taxonomy (now labelled classical) is in general agreement with the published ones, supporting the applicability of our approach. Making use of modeled reflectance spectra of a variety of plausible mixtures found on the surface of TNOs, we extract the average surface composition of each taxon, for both the classical and the albedo taxonomy, in a statistically consistent fashion. Differently from previous and classical, the albedo taxonomy establishes a direct link between the colors and albedos of the objects and their surface composition, allowing, for the first time, a quick assessment of the chemical history of TNOs. In fact, under closer examination the taxa show trends in composition that might be evolutionary in nature. If a simple ‘snow lines’ model is adopted, we can infer that albedo taxa relate the current objects’ locations to their original ones, prior to the migration of the outer planets. We regard the large population that characterizes the darkest classes spread at a variety of semi-major axis distances as one of the intriguing results of this work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANS-Neptunian objects
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - NEPTUNE (Planet)
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Planets, Migration
KW  - Spectrophotometry
KW  - Trans-neptunian objects
N1  - Accession Number: 84648969; Dalle Ore, Cristina Morea 1,2; Email Address: Cristina.M.DalleOre@nasa.gov Dalle Ore, Luciano V. 2 Roush, Ted L. 2 Cruikshank, Dale P. 2 Emery, Joshua P. 3 Pinilla-Alonso, Noemi 1 Marzo, Giuseppe A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Earth and Planetary Sciences Dept., University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37919, USA  4: ENEA, C.R. Casaccia, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Roma, Italy; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 222 Issue 1, p307; Subject Term: TRANS-Neptunian objects; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: NEPTUNE (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planets, Migration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectrophotometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trans-neptunian objects; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84648969&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Forget, Francois
AU  - Head, James
AU  - Kahre, Melinda A.
AU  - Kreslavsky, Mikhail
AU  - Owen, Sandra J.
T1  - Summary of the Mars recent climate change workshop NASA/Ames Research Center, May 15–17, 2012
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 222
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 418
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: This note summarizes the results from the Mars recent climate change workshop at NASA/Ames Research Center, May 15–17, 2012. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Climate
KW  - Ground ice
KW  - Mars
KW  - Polar
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 84648977; Haberle, Robert M. 1; Email Address: Robert.M.Haberle@nasa.gov Forget, Francois 2; Email Address: Francois.Forget@lmd.jussieu.fr Head, James 3; Email Address: James_Head@brown.edu Kahre, Melinda A. 1; Email Address: Melinda.A.Kahre@nasa.gov Kreslavsky, Mikhail 4; Email Address: mkreslav@ucsc.edu Owen, Sandra J. 1; Email Address: Sandra.J.Owen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Institut Pierre Simon Laplace, Université Paris 6, BP 99, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France  3: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  4: Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 222 Issue 1, p415; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84648977&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shen, Yu-Fei
AU  - Rahman, Zia-Ur
AU  - Krusienski, Dean
AU  - Li, Jiang
T1  - A Vision-Based Automatic Safe Landing-Site Detection System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 294
EP  - 311
SN  - 00189251
AB  - An automatic safe landing-site detection system is proposed for aircraft emergency landing based on visible information acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras. Emergency landing is an unplanned event in response to emergency situations. If, as is usually the case, there is no airstrip or airfield that can be reached by the unpowered aircraft, a crash landing or ditching has to be carried out. Identifying a safe landing-site is critical to the survival of passengers and crew. Conventionally, the pilot chooses the landing-site visually by looking at the terrain through the cockpit. The success of this vital decision greatly depends on external environmental factors that can impair human vision and on the pilot's flight experience, which can vary significantly among pilots. Therefore, we propose a robust, reliable, and efficient detection system that is expected to alleviate the negative impact of these factors. We focus on the detection mechanism of the proposed system and assume that image enhancement for increased visibility and image stitching for a larger field-of-view (FOV) have already been performed on the terrain images acquired by aircraft-mounted cameras. Specifically, we first propose a hierarchical elastic horizon detection algorithm to identify the ground in the image. Then, the terrain image is divided into nonoverlapping blocks, which are clustered according to a "roughness" measure. The adjacent smooth blocks are merged to form potential landing-sites, whose dimensions are measured with principal component analysis and geometric transformations. If the dimensions of a candidate region exceed the minimum requirement for safe landing, the potential landing-site is considered a safe candidate and is highlighted on the human machine interface. At the end the pilot makes the final decision by confirming one of the candidates, and also by considering other factors such as wind speed and wind direction, etc. Preliminary experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Ditching
KW  - INFORMATION theory
KW  - AIRCRAFT accidents
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - PRINCIPAL components analysis
KW  - IMAGE converters
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Cameras
KW  - Detectors
KW  - Hazards
KW  - Humans
KW  - Image edge detection
KW  - NASA
N1  - Accession Number: 84742612; Shen, Yu-Fei 1 Rahman, Zia-Ur 2 Krusienski, Dean 1 Li, Jiang 1; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University  2: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p294; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Ditching; Subject Term: INFORMATION theory; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT accidents; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: PRINCIPAL components analysis; Subject Term: IMAGE converters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cameras; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hazards; Author-Supplied Keyword: Humans; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image edge detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAES.2013.6404104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84742612&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amadjikpe, Arnaud L.
AU  - Choudhury, Debabani
AU  - Patterson, Chad E.
AU  - Lacroix, Benjamin
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
AU  - Papapolymerou, John
T1  - Integrated 60-GHz Antenna on Multilayer Organic Package With Broadside and End-Fire Radiation.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan2013 Part 1
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 315
SN  - 00189480
AB  - Existing antenna and array systems for 60-GHz wireless personal area network communications suffer from inherent poor radiation at grazing angles. This limitation is overcome in this work with a highly integrated antenna module that combines both broadside and end-fire radiators in a single multilayer organic package. Liquid crystal polymer and Rogers RO3003 are used to implement a small form factor (12.5 mm\,\times\,10 mm\,\times\,1.3 mm) antenna architecture. The co-designed broadside and end-fire antennas are characterized and measured for operation in the 57–66-GHz frequency range. Measured boresight gains of 8.7 and 10.9 dBi are achieved for the broadside and end-fire antennas while maintaining 35–45-dB isolation between both antennas. The numerically estimated radiation efficiency is found to be 92.5% and 78.5% for the broadside and end-fire elements. These antennas are orthogonally polarized and suitable for frequency reuse. Integrated circuits are mounted inside recessed cavities to realize a fully active antenna module with beam switching or simultaneous radiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first publication of a single package multilayer integration of millimeter-wave active antennas with both azimuth and elevation coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIRELESS sensor networks
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - CAVITY resonators
KW  - DIPOLE antennas
KW  - MULTIBEAM antennas
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - 60 GHz
KW  - Arrays
KW  - Broadside radiator
KW  - Cavity resonators
KW  - Dielectrics
KW  - Dipole antennas
KW  - end-fire array
KW  - Fabrication
KW  - integrated antenna
KW  - millimeter wave
KW  - multibeam antenna
KW  - multilayer organic (MLO) package
KW  - Surface waves
KW  - switched-beam antenna
N1  - Accession Number: 85019179; Amadjikpe, Arnaud L. 1 Choudhury, Debabani 2 Patterson, Chad E. 3 Lacroix, Benjamin 4 Ponchak, George E. 5 Papapolymerou, John 4; Affiliation:  1: Autoliv Active Safety, Lowell, MA, USA  2: Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR, USA  3: Space and Airborne Systems division, Raytheon Company, El Segundo, CA, USA  4: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jan2013 Part 1, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p303; Subject Term: WIRELESS sensor networks; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: CAVITY resonators; Subject Term: DIPOLE antennas; Subject Term: MULTIBEAM antennas; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: 60 GHz; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadside radiator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cavity resonators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipole antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: end-fire array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: integrated antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: millimeter wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: multibeam antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: multilayer organic (MLO) package; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: switched-beam antenna; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2226598
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85019179&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - John, Caroline S.
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Evans, Joe
AU  - HO, Fat D.
T1  - Retention Analysis of a Non-Volatile Ferroelectric Memory Device.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 140
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
SN  - 10584587
AB  - In this paper we present a data retention analysis of a non-volatile ferroelectric memory device. A ferroelectric capacitance coupled with a sense capacitance in a Sawyer tower is used as the memory component of the device. The cumulative direction of all the dipoles in the ferroelectric capacitance material corresponds to its memory. The positive and negative remnant polarization charge states of the capacitor when an electric field is applied to it are denoted as either data ‘0’ or data ‘1’[1]. In addition to retention the voltage and current characteristics of the circuit were measured. Measurements of the ferroelectric capacitor's polarization taken at different delay time intervals are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROELECTRIC storage cells
KW  - NONVOLATILE random-access memory
KW  - CAPACITANCE-voltage characteristics
KW  - RECORDS management
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - Ferroelectric
KW  - memory
KW  - non-volatile
KW  - retention
N1  - Accession Number: 84423300; John, Caroline S. 1; Email Address: carolinesangeetha@gmail.com Macleod, Todd C. 2 Evans, Joe 3 HO, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama, 35899, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812, USA  3: Radiant Technologies Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87107, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 140 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC storage cells; Subject Term: NONVOLATILE random-access memory; Subject Term: CAPACITANCE-voltage characteristics; Subject Term: RECORDS management; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-volatile; Author-Supplied Keyword: retention; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561490 Other business support services; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.741383
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mccartney, Crystal Laws
AU  - Mitchell, Cody
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - I-V Characteristics of a Static Random Access Memory Cell Utilizing Ferroelectric Transistors.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 140
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 41
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Due to the unique properties of hysteresis and nonlinearity, the use of ferroelectric materials in memory devices is widely researched. This paper presents the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of a FeFET in the Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell. Empirical data will be analyzed using a variety of setup configurations using both MOSFETs as well as FeFETS. The drain current was measured with different gate and drain voltages while polarizing the ferroelectric material. Based on the empirical data, comparisons were made between the different MOSFET and FeFET configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STATIC random access memory
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - FERROELECTRIC storage cells
KW  - FERROELECTRIC materials
KW  - THRESHOLD voltage
KW  - FeFET
KW  - MOSFET
KW  - SRAM
N1  - Accession Number: 84423301; Mccartney, Crystal Laws 1 Mitchell, Cody 1 Hunt, Mitchell 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Email Address: ho@ece.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Alabama, 35899  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, National Space Science and Technology Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 140 Issue 1, p35; Subject Term: STATIC random access memory; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC storage cells; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: THRESHOLD voltage; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOSFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: SRAM; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2012.741390
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84423301&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strybel, Thomas Z.
AU  - Vu, Kim-Phuong L.
AU  - Battiste, Vernol
AU  - Johnson, Walter
T1  - Measuring the Impact of NextGen Operating Concepts for Separation Assurance on Pilot Situation Awareness and Workload.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan-Mar2013
VL  - 23
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - We determined the effect of NextGen concepts of operation for separation assurance on pilot situation awareness and workload using an online probe technique. We also evaluated the probe technique for sensitivity, diagnosticity, and validity with respect to different NextGen separation assurance operating concepts. These concepts allocated responsibility for conflict detection and resolution to either pilots, air traffic controllers, or an automated, ground-based, conflict detection and resolution agent. Probe queries were developed to fit in 1 of 3 categories: traffic conflicts, aircraft or airspace status, or commands and communications. We determined that pilot situation awareness of conflict information was highest when the pilot was responsible for separation assurance; workload was minimally affected. Moreover, the changes in pilot awareness of task-specific information can be determined using this online probe technique. Evidence for the reliability and validity of our probe technique is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEPARATION (Psychology)
KW  - AWARENESS
KW  - CONCEPTS
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - RELIABILITY (Personality trait)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - SOCIAL conflict
N1  - Accession Number: 84571750; Strybel, Thomas Z. 1; Email Address: thomas.strybel@csulb.edu Vu, Kim-Phuong L. 1 Battiste, Vernol 2,3 Johnson, Walter 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, California State University, Long Beach, California  2: San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Jan-Mar2013, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Psychology); Subject Term: AWARENESS; Subject Term: CONCEPTS; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Personality trait); Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: SOCIAL conflict; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 2 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2013.746156
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84571750&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Statham, S.
AU  - Hanagud, S.
AU  - Glass, B. J.
T1  - Real-Time Automated SHM for Systems in Interplanetary Subsurface Exploration.
JO  - International Journal of Vehicle Structures & Systems (IJVSS)
JF  - International Journal of Vehicle Structures & Systems (IJVSS)
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 09753060
AB  - This paper presents a real-time automated structural health monitoring system (SHM) for a drill system. The drill system is for obtaining subsurface samples during interplanetary exploration. Such an SHM has stringent specifications including a fast-response of the health of the system before the faults or defects have the potential to stop the drilling operation, use of drill motor as the internal actuator, a need for non-contact sensors, automation of the complete SHM system, real-time capability and a reliability of monitored health of the structure. The paper presents the formulation, development and validation of such an SHM through a combination of analysis, laboratory tests and field tests on a selected test vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Vehicle Structures & Systems (IJVSS) is the property of Mechaero Foundation for Technical Research & Education Excellence (MAFTREE) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - SPECIFICATIONS
KW  - DRILLING & boring
KW  - AUTOMOBILES -- Testing
KW  - Drill systems
KW  - Interplanetary exploration
KW  - Real-time measurements
KW  - Structural health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 99851566; Statham, S. 1 Hanagud, S. 1; Email Address: hanagud@ae.gatech.edu Glass, B. J. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: SPECIFICATIONS; Subject Term: DRILLING & boring; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILES -- Testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drill systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Real-time measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural health monitoring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4273/ijvss.5.1.01
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99851566&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sanders, Gerald B.
AU  - Larson, William E.
T1  - Progress Made in Lunar In Situ Resource Utilization under NASA's Exploration Technology and Development Program.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 17
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Incorporation of in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and the production of mission-critical consumables for propulsion, power, and life support into mission architectures can greatly reduce the mass, cost, and risk of missions, leading to a sustainable and affordable approach to human exploration beyond Earth. ISRU and its products can also greatly affect how other exploration systems are developed, including determining which technologies are important or enabling. Although the concept of lunar ISRU has existed for more than 40 years, the technologies and systems had not progressed much past simple laboratory proof-of-concept tests. With the release of the Vision for Space Exploration in 2004 with the goal of harnessing the Moon's resources, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) initiated the ISRU project in the Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) to develop the technologies and systems needed to meet this goal. In the 5 years of work in the ISRU Project, significant advancements and accomplishments occurred in several important areas of lunar ISRU. Also, two analog field tests held in Hawaii in 2008 and 2010 demonstrated all the steps in ISRU capabilities required, along with the integration of ISRU products and hardware with propulsion, power, and cryogenic storage systems. This paper will review the scope of the ISRU Project in the ETDP, ISRU incorporation, development strategies used by the ISRU project, and ISRU development and test accomplishments over the 5 years of funded project activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - NATURAL resources
KW  - CRYOGENIC liquids -- Storage
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Lunar in situ resource utilization
KW  - Lunar materials
KW  - Natural resources
KW  - Oxygen extraction from regolith lunar polar volatiles
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 84741083; Sanders, Gerald B. Larson, William E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Project Manager for In Situ Resource Utilization, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL 32899.; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p5; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: NATURAL resources; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC liquids -- Storage; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar in situ resource utilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Natural resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen extraction from regolith lunar polar volatiles; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000208
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84741083&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Metzger, Philip T.
AU  - Muscatello, Anthony
AU  - Mueller, Robert P.
AU  - Mantovani, James
T1  - Affordable, Rapid Bootstrapping of the Space Industry and Solar System Civilization.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 29
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Advances in robotics and additive manufacturing have become game-changing for the prospects of space industry. It has become feasible to bootstrap a self-sustaining, self-expanding industry at reasonably low cost. Simple modeling was developed to identify the main parameters of successful bootstrapping. This indicates that bootstrapping can be achieved with as little as 12 t landed on the Moon during a period of about 20 years. The equipment will be teleoperated and then transitioned to full autonomy so the industry can spread to the asteroid belt and beyond. The strategy begins with a subreplicating system and evolves toward full self-sustainability (full closure) via an in situ technology spiral. The industry grows exponentially because of the free real estate, energy, and material resources of space. The mass of industrial assets at the end of bootstrapping will be 156 t with 60 humanoid robots or as high as 40,000 t with as many as 100,000 humanoid robots if faster manufacturing is supported by launching a total of 41 t to the Moon. Within another few decades with no further investment, it can have millions of times the industrial capacity of the United States. Modeling over wide parameter ranges indicates this is reasonable, but further analysis is needed. This industry promises to revolutionize the human condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOOTSTRAPPING (Statistics)
KW  - SPACE launch industry
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - MANUFACTURING industries
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - In situ resource utilization
KW  - ISRU
KW  - Lunar industry
KW  - Manufacturing
KW  - Mining
KW  - Moon
KW  - Robotics
KW  - Settling space
KW  - Space colonies
KW  - Space colonization
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Space manufacturing
KW  - Space mining
KW  - Space resources
N1  - Accession Number: 84741070; Metzger, Philip T. Muscatello, Anthony 1 Mueller, Robert P. 2 Mantovani, James 3; Affiliation:  1: Chemist, Applied Chemistry Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center, NE-S-2, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:  2: Aerospace Engineer, Surface Systems Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center, NE-S, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:  3: Physicist, Granular Mechanics and Regolith Operations Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center, NE-S-1, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p18; Subject Term: BOOTSTRAPPING (Statistics); Subject Term: SPACE launch industry; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING industries; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ resource utilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar industry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manufacturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Settling space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space colonies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space colonization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space manufacturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space resources; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000236
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84741070&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trigwell, Steve
AU  - Captain, James
AU  - Weis, Kyle
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline
T1  - Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Regolith: Applications in In Situ Resource Utilization.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 36
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Returning to the Moon, or going further afield such as to Mars, presents enormous challenges in sustaining life for extended periods of time far beyond the few days the astronauts experienced on the Moon during the Apollo missions. A stay on Mars is envisioned to last several months, and it would be cost prohibitive to take all the requirements for such a stay from Earth. Therefore, future exploration missions will be required to be self-sufficient and use the resources available at the mission site to sustain human occupation. Such an exercise is currently the focus of intense research at National Aeronautics and Space Administration under the in situ resource utilization program. As well as the oxygen and water necessary for human life, resources for providing building materials for habitats, radiation protection, and landing/launch pads are required. All these materials can be provided by the regolith present on the surface because it contains sufficient minerals and metals oxides to meet the requirements. However, before processing, it would be cost effective if the regolith could be enriched in the mineral(s) of interest. This can be achieved by electrostatic beneficiation, in which tribocharged mineral particles are separated out, and the feedstock is enriched or depleted as required. The results of electrostatic beneficiation of lunar simulants and actual Apollo regolith in a high lunar vacuum are reported, in which various degrees of efficient particle separation and mineral enrichment up to a few hundred percent were achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MOON
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Electrostatic beneficiation
KW  - In situ tests
KW  - ISRU
KW  - Lunar materials
KW  - Lunar regolith
KW  - Moon
KW  - Planets
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - X rays
KW  - APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 84741084; Trigwell, Steve Captain, James 1 Weis, Kyle 2 Quinn, Jacqueline 3; Affiliation:  1: Scientist IV, ESC-55, QinetiQ North America, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:  2: Scientist II, ESC-55, QinetiQ North America, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:  3: Environmental Engineer, NE-S1, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p30; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic beneficiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: X rays; Company/Entity: APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000226
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84741084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline W.
AU  - Captain, Jim G.
AU  - Weis, Kyle
AU  - Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo
AU  - Trigwell, Steve
T1  - Evaluation of Tribocharged Electrostatic Beneficiation of Lunar Simulant in Lunar Gravity.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 37
EP  - 42
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Tribocharged electrostatic beneficiation of a lunar simulant and actual Apollo regolith has been shown to be successful under a high lunar vacuum in which various degrees of efficient particle separation and mineral enrichment of up to a few hundred percent were achieved. In this paper, electrostatic beneficiation of a lunar simulant at , as run on reduced gravity flights (RGFs), is reported. Enrichment of the target mineral ilmenite was achieved as high as 65 and 106% in the two RGF flights undertaken, showing that tribocharged electrostatic beneficiation is a viable process in the lunar environment. It was also shown that the efficiency of the separation was a factor in the orientation of the apparatus in the aircraft because the force of gravity was not perpendicular to the plane of the apparatus during the flight parabolas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - LUNAR regolith simulants
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - MOON
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - Beneficiation
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Lunar simulant
KW  - Moon
KW  - Reduced gravity flight
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Tribocharging
KW  - APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 84741085; Quinn, Jacqueline W. Captain, Jim G. 1 Weis, Kyle 2 Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo 3 Trigwell, Steve 4; Affiliation:  1: Scientist III, ESC-15, QinetiQ North America, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:  2: Scientist II, ESC-15, QinetiQ North America, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:  3: Chemist, NE-S1, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:  4: Principal Scientist, ESC-24, Sierra Lobo, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 (corresponding author). E-mail:; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p37; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: LUNAR regolith simulants; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beneficiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced gravity flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tribocharging; Company/Entity: APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 9 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000227
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84741085&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Interbartolo, Michael A.
AU  - Sanders, Gerald B.
AU  - Oryshchyn, Lara
AU  - Lee, Kris
AU  - Vaccaro, Helen
AU  - Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo
AU  - Muscatello, Anthony C.
T1  - Prototype Development of an Integrated Mars Atmosphere and Soil-Processing System.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 66
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The concept of living off the land by using the indigenous resources of the Moon, Mars, or other potential sites of robotic and human exploration has been termed in situ resource utilization (ISRU) and will be an enabling technology to open up the solar system. Although the most recent National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) human Mars mission study (Design Reference Architecture 5.0) showed that production of propellants and life support consumables was a mission-enabling capability, mission planners were hesitant to select the newly proposed water extraction from Mars soil option because of the perceived high risk associated with this approach. To overcome resistance in putting ISRU capabilities in the critical path of mission success, NASA ISRU developers have adopted the approach of designing and building hardware into end-to-end systems at representative mission scales and testing these systems under mission-relevant conditions at analog field test sites. Previous ISRU field demonstrations have been standalone lunar ISRU modules running on alternating current power with nonoptimal integration. The primary goal of the Mars atmosphere and regolith collector/processor for lander operations (MARCO POLO) project is to design, build, and test an end-to-end first-generation Mars ISRU atmospheric and soil-processing system powered by mission-relevant direct current power while also demonstrating closed-loop power production via the combination of a fuel cell and electrolyzer. A secondary goal is to perform remote and autonomous operations with this integrated system on a octagon lander and transfer oxygen and methane produced to a cryocart for use with a thruster to demonstrate an end-to-end Mars resource-to-thrust concept. This paper will outline the overall design, technologies used, and concept of operations for the MARCO POLO project and its upcoming field demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - ISRU
KW  - Mars
KW  - NASA
KW  - Planets
KW  - Propellant production
KW  - Space colonies
KW  - Space exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 84741077; Interbartolo, Michael A. Sanders, Gerald B. 1 Oryshchyn, Lara 2 Lee, Kris 3 Vaccaro, Helen 4 Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo 5 Muscatello, Anthony C. 6; Affiliation:  1: Principal Investigator, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Mail Code EP, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058. E-mail:  2: Soil Processing Module Chief Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Mail Code EP, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058. E-mail:  3: Software Architect, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Mail Code EP, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058. E-mail:  4: Water Processing Module Chief Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Mail Code EP, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058. E-mail:  5: Water Cleanup Module Chief Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center, Mail Code NE-S-2, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:  6: Atmospheric Processing Module Chief Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center, Mail Code NE-S-2, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899. E-mail:; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p57; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propellant production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space colonies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000214
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84741077&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Kristopher A.
AU  - Oryshchyn, Lara
AU  - Paz, Aaron
AU  - Reddington, Mike
AU  - Simon, Thomas M.
T1  - The ROxygen Project: Outpost-Scale Lunar Oxygen Production System Development at Johnson Space Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 73
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - In 2009; the Augustine report reinforced the importance of in situ oxygen production as a critical technology for sustainable exploration. Engineers at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Johnson Space Center have been working on making this critical technology a reality through the design, fabrication, and testing of two hydrogen reduction reactors, accomplished as part of the ROxygen project. Engineers built and extensively tested a small-scale reactor that provided key design parametrics for the second reactor-a large-scale vessel consistent with the scale required to produce 1,000 kg (2,205 lb) of oxygen per year. Once designed and fabricated, this large-scale reactor was tested in the laboratory and in the 2008 in situ research utilization field test on the slopes of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, and in the laboratory at Johnson Space Center. This paper presents an overview of the approach taken, the high-level design information required, and the typical test data accrued for both the small-scale and large-scale reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - MOON
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Field test
KW  - Hydrogen
KW  - Hydrogen reduction
KW  - In situ resource utilization
KW  - Johnson Space Center
KW  - Lunar oxygen production
KW  - Mauna Kea
KW  - Moon
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Pilot plant
KW  - Reactors
KW  - LYNDON B. Johnson Space Center
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 84741072; Lee, Kristopher A. Oryshchyn, Lara 1 Paz, Aaron 2 Reddington, Mike 3 Simon, Thomas M. 4; Affiliation:  1: ROxygen Reactor Design Lead, Propulsion and Power Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code EP, Houston, TX 77058. E-mail:  2: ROxygen Chief Engineer, Propulsion and Power Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code EP, Houston, TX 77058. E-mail:  3: ROxygen Test Director, Propulsion and Power Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code EP, Houston, TX 77058. E-mail:  4: In Situ Resource Utilization Project Office Chief Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code EA4, Houston, TX 77058. E-mail:; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p67; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ resource utilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Johnson Space Center; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar oxygen production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mauna Kea; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pilot plant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactors; Company/Entity: LYNDON B. Johnson Space Center Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000230
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84741072&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zacny, K.
AU  - Paulsen, G.
AU  - Szczesiak, M.
AU  - Craft, J.
AU  - Chu, P.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Glass, B.
AU  - Davila, A.
AU  - Marinova, M.
AU  - Pollard, W.
AU  - Jackson, W.
T1  - LunarVader: Development and Testing of Lunar Drill in Vacuum Chamber and in Lunar Analog Site of Antarctica.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 86
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Future exploration of the Moon will require access to the subsurface and acquisition of samples for scientific analysis and ground truthing of water-ice and mineral reserves for in situ resource utilization purposes. The LunarVader drill described in this paper is a 1-m class drill and cuttings acquisition system enabling subsurface exploration of the Moon. The drill employs rotary-percussive action, which reduces the weight on bit and energy consumption. This drilling approach has been successfully used by previous lunar missions, such as the Soviet Luna 16, 20, and 24, and United States Apollo 15, 16, and 17. These missions and drilling systems are described in detail. The passive sample acquisition system of the LunarVader drill delivers cuttings directly into a sample cup or an instrument inlet port. The drill was tested in a vacuum chamber and penetrated various formations, such as a water-saturated lunar soil simulant (JSC-1A) at −80°C, water-ice, and rocks to a depth of 1 m. The system was also field tested in the lunar analog site on Ross Island, Antarctica, where it successfully penetrated to 1-m depth and acquired icy samples into a sample cup. During the chamber and field testing, the LunarVader demonstrated drilling at the 1-1-100-100 level; that is, it penetrated 1 m in approximately 1 h with roughly 100-W power and less than 100-N weight on bit. This corresponds to a total drilling energy of approximately 100 Whr. The drill system achieved high enough technology readiness to be considered as a viable option for future lunar missions, such as the South Pole-Aitken Basin Sample Return and Geophysical Network missions recently recommended by the Decadal Survey of the National Research Council, and commercial missions, such as Google Lunar X-Prize missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APOLLO lunar surface drill
KW  - VACUUM chambers
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - MOON
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Antarctic
KW  - Drilling
KW  - Hammer drill
KW  - Lunar drill
KW  - Lunar drilling
KW  - Lunar materials
KW  - Moon
KW  - Percussive drill
KW  - Planetary exploration
KW  - Rotary-percussive
KW  - Sampling
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Subsurface exploration
KW  - NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84741073; Zacny, K. Paulsen, G. 1 Szczesiak, M. 2 Craft, J. 3 Chu, P. 4 McKay, C. 5 Glass, B. 5 Davila, A. 6 Marinova, M. 6 Pollard, W. 7 Jackson, W. 8; Affiliation:  1: Systems Engineer, Honeybee Robotics, 398 W. Washington Blvd., Ste. 200, Pasadena, CA 91103.  2: Mechanical Engineer, Honeybee Robotics, 398 W. Washington Blvd., Ste. 200, Pasadena, CA 91103.  3: Project Manager, Honeybee Robotics, 398 W. Washington Blvd., Ste. 200, Pasadena, CA 91103.  4: Senior Engineer, Honeybee Robotics, 1110 NASA Pkwy., Ste. 440, Houston, TX 77058.  5: Senior Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Building 35, Moffett Field, CA 94040.  6: Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Building 35, Moffett Field, CA 94040.  7: Professor, Dept. of Geography, McGill Univ., Montreal, QB, Canada H3A 2K6.  8: Professor, Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX 79409.; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p74; Subject Term: APOLLO lunar surface drill; Subject Term: VACUUM chambers; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drilling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hammer drill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar drill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar drilling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Percussive drill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotary-percussive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subsurface exploration; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 3 Black and White Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000212
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84741073&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Agui, J. H.
AU  - Bucek, M.
AU  - DeGennaro, A.
AU  - Wilkinson, R. A.
AU  - Zeng, X.
T1  - Lunar Excavation Experiments in Simulant Soil Test Beds: Revisiting the Surveyor Geotechnical Data.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 133
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The establishment of permanent bases on planetary surfaces is an important long-term goal of the space community. Understanding the geotechnical properties of planetary surfaces and their interaction with tools and implements will be essential in addressing the challenges of material-handling equipment for infrastructure development during surface missions. With this aim, a replica of the soil mechanics surface sampler, an extendable scoop with a bearing plate attachment, operated on some of the lunar Surveyor missions in the 1960s, was fabricated and used in a series of simulated bearing and excavation tests. Initially, a set of tests was performed on a small laboratory test stand using an acrylic soil bin with a footprint. Subsequent tests were performed in a new large-scale soil bin facility () to minimize wall effects. Both test setups involved the use of JSC-1a lunar simulant soil beds and motorized actuators to drive the scoop into the simulant. Emphasis was placed on methods of repeatable soil bin preparation. The scoop was attached to a commercial six-axis load cell that provided time-resolved measurements of the three-dimensional forces and torques. In addition, simultaneous video provided detailed imaging of the flow behavior and surcharge formation of the regolith during excavation. A surface-profiling technique was developed to resolve the surface deformation as the scoop penetrated and trenched the simulant. Bearing test data in loose bed preparations in both bins compared well with the Surveyor flight data. The data also included the soil response under compacted soil conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR regolith simulants
KW  - EXCAVATION
KW  - SPACE colonies
KW  - SURVEYORS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
KW  - ENGINEERING geology
KW  - MOON
KW  - Bearing test
KW  - Density measurement
KW  - Excavation
KW  - Exploration
KW  - Geotechnical
KW  - Lunar
KW  - Lunar materials
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Moon
KW  - Regolith
KW  - Simulant
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Soil tests
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Surveyor
KW  - Surveys
KW  - Trenching
N1  - Accession Number: 84741082; Agui, J. H. Bucek, M. 1 DeGennaro, A. 2 Wilkinson, R. A. 3 Zeng, X. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., 2104 Adelbert Rd., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201.  2: Summer Faculty, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center, Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135.  3: Aerospace Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center, Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, Mail Stop 110-3, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p117; Subject Term: LUNAR regolith simulants; Subject Term: EXCAVATION; Subject Term: SPACE colonies; Subject Term: SURVEYORS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING geology; Subject Term: MOON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bearing test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Density measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Excavation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geotechnical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surveyor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surveys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trenching; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000249
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84741082&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Luckring, James M.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Sylvester, Andre J.
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
AU  - Zang, Thomas A.
T1  - NASA Standard for Models and Simulations: Philosophy and Requirements Overview.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 28
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Following the Columbia Accident Investigation Board report, the NASA Administrator chartered an executive team (known as the Diaz Team) to identify those report elements with NASA-wide applicability and to develop corrective measures to address each element. One such measure was the development of a standard for the development, documentation, and operation of models and simulations. The resulting standard attempts to develop a general framework for communicating information to decision makers by including programmatic, documentation, and reporting requirements. It also includes a scale intended to measure the credibility associated with model and simulation results. This report describes the philosophy and requirements overview of the resulting NASA Standard for Models and Simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLUMBIA (Spacecraft) Disaster, 2003
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - COLUMBIA (Spacecraft)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85479226; Blattnig, Steve R. 1,2 Luckring, James M. 1,3,4 Morrison, Joseph H. 1,4,5 Sylvester, Andre J. 4,6,7 Tripathi, Ram K. 1,4,8 Zang, Thomas A. 1,4,9; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Physicist, Durability, Damage Tolerance, and Reliability Branch, Mail Stop 188E  3: Senior Research Engineer, Configuration Aerodynamics Branch, Mail Stop 499  4: AIAA  5: Head, Computational AeroSciences Branch, Mail Stop 128  6: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058  7: Assistant Chief, Software, Robotics and Simulation Division, Mail Stop ER  8: Senior Research Scientist, Durability, Damage Tolerance, and Reliability Branch, Mail Stop 188E  9: Chief Technologist, Systems Analysis & Concepts Directorate, Mail Stop 449; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p20; Subject Term: COLUMBIA (Spacecraft) Disaster, 2003; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: COLUMBIA (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C000303
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85479226&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Rohit
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Chopra, Inderjit
T1  - Investigation of Trailing-Edge Flap Gap Effects on Rotor Performance Using High-Fidelity Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 151
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Effects of trailing-edge flap gaps on rotor performance are investigated using a high-fidelity coupled computational fluid dynamics computational structural dynamics analysis. Both integral flap (the flap is an integral part of the blade such that there are no physical gaps at the flap ends) and discrete flap (the flap is a separate entity with physical gaps in the span and chord directions) are examined on an UH-60A rotor at high-speed forward-flight conditions. A novel grid deformation scheme based on the Delaunay graph mapping is developed and implemented to allow the computational fluid dynamics modeling of the gaps with minimal distortion of mesh around the flap gap regions. This method offers an alternative to the traditional approach of modeling such configurations using overset meshes. The simulation results show that the effectiveness of the flap is minimally affected with span gaps; the penalty on rotor performance is of the order of 1% compared to the integral flap. On the other hand, the chord gaps significantly degrade the benefits of active flap on rotor performance due to the flow penetration between the upper and lower surfaces of the flap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DYNAMICS -- Mathematical models
KW  - FLAPS (Airplanes)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - ROTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 85479238; Jain, Rohit 1; Email Address: rjain@merlin.arc.nasa.gov Hyeonsoo Yeo 2,3 Chopra, Inderjit 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Senior Computational Scientist, HyPerComp Incorporated, Westlake Village, California  2: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  3: Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command  4: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland  5: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Alfred Gessow Rotorcraft Center; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p140; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DYNAMICS -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: FLAPS (Airplanes); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ROTORS; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031837
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85479238&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ho, Jimmy C.
AU  - Wenbin Yu
AU  - Hodges, Dewey H.
T1  - Proper Inclusion of Interiorly Applied Loads With Beam Theory.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 80
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00218936
AB  - An error is introduced by the conventional approach of applying beam theory in the presence of interiorly applied loads. This error arises from neglecting the influence of the precise distribution of surface tractions and body forces on the warping displacements. This paper intends to show that beam theory is capable of accounting for this influence on warping and accomplishes this by the variational asymptotic method. Correlations between elasticity solutions and beam solutions provide not only validations of beam solutions, but also illustrate the resulting errors from the conventional approach. Correlations are provided here for an isotropic parallelepiped undergoing pure extensional deformations and for an isotropic elliptic cylinder undergoing pure torsional deformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - GIRDERS
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC distribution (Probability theory)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 85684731; Ho, Jimmy C. 1; Email Address: jimmy.c.ho@us.army.mil Wenbin Yu 2; Email Address: wenbln@englneering.usu.edu Hodges, Dewey H. 3; Email Address: dhodges@gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Science and Technology Corporation, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 95054  2: Associate Professor, Mem. ASME Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322  3: Professor, Mem. ASME Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30338; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 80 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: GIRDERS; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC distribution (Probability theory); Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4006940
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85684731&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duffy, Kirsten P.
AU  - Choi, Benjamin B.
AU  - Provenza, Andrew J.
AU  - Min, James B.
AU  - Kray, Nicholas
T1  - Active Piezoelectric Vibration Control of Subscale Composite Fan Blades.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 135
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 011601-1
EP  - 011601-7
SN  - 07424795
AB  - As part of the Fundamental Aeronautics program, researchers at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) are investigating new technologies supporting the development of lighter, quieter, and more efficient fans for turbomachinery applications. High performance fan blades designed to achieve such goals will be subjected to higher levels of aerodynamic excitations which could lead to more serious and complex vibration problems. Piezoelectric materials have been proposed as a means of decreasing engine blade vibration either through a passive damping scheme, or as part of an active vibration control system. For polymer matrix fiber composite blades, the piezoelectric elements could be embedded within the blade material, protecting the brittle piezoceramic material from the airflow and from debris. To investigate this idea, spin testing was performed on two General Electric Aviation (GE) subscale composite fan blades in the NASA GRC Dynamic Spin Rig Facility. The first bending mode (1B) was targeted for vibration control. Because these subscale blades are very thin, the piezoelectric material was surface-mounted on the blades. Three thin piezoelectric patches were applied to each blade--two actuator patches and one small sensor patch. These flexible macro-fiber-composite patches were placed in a location of high resonant strain for the IB mode. The blades were tested up to 5000 rpm, with patches used as sensors, as excitation for the blade, and as part of open-and closed-loop vibration control. Results show that with a single actuator patch, active vibration control causes the damping ratio to increase from a baseline of 0.3% critical damping to about 1.0% damping at Orpm. As the rotor speed approaches 5000 rpm, the actively controlled blade damping ratio decreases to about 0.5% damping. This occurs primarily because of centrifugal blade stiffening, and can be observed by the decrease in the generalized electromechanical coupling with rotor' speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FANS (Machinery) -- Blades
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TURBOMACHINES
KW  - ROTORS -- Dynamics
KW  - POLYMERS -- Research
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 85821921; Duffy, Kirsten P. 1; Email Address: Kirsten.P.Duffy@nasa.gov Choi, Benjamin B. 2; Email Address: Benjamin.B.Choi@nasa.gov Provenza, Andrew J. 2; Email Address: Andrew.J.Provenza@nasa.gov Min, James B. 2; Email Address: James.B.Min@nasa.gov Kray, Nicholas 3; Email Address: Nick.Kray@ge.com; Affiliation:  1: University of Toledo, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 45069  3: GE Aviation, Cincinnati, OH 45069; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 135 Issue 1, p011601-1; Subject Term: FANS (Machinery) -- Blades; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Research; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4007720
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85821921&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, John T.
T1  - Investigating Some Technical Issues on Cohesive Zone Modeling of Fracture.
JO  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
JF  - Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 135
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 011003-1
EP  - 011003-10
SN  - 00944289
AB  - This study investigates some technical issues related to the use of cohesive zone models (CZMs) in modeling the fracture of materials with negligible plasticity outside the fracture process zone. These issues include: (1) why cohesive laws of different shapes can produce similar fracture predictions, (2) under what conditions CZM predictions have a high degree of agreement with linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) analysis results, (3) when the shape of cohesive laws becomes important in the fracture predictions, and (4) why the opening profile along the cohesive zone length (CZL) needs to be accurately predicted. Two cohesive models were used in this study to address these technical issues. They are the linear softening cohesive model and the Dugdale perfectly plastic cohesive model. Each cohesive model uses five cohesive laws of different maximum tractions. All cohesive laws have the same cohesive work rate (CWR) defined by the area under the traction-separation curve. The effects of the maximum traction on the cohesive zone length and the critical remote applied stress are investigated for both models. The following conclusions from this study may provide some guidelines for the prediction of fracture using CZM. For a CZM to predict a fracture load similar to that obtained by an LEFM analysis, the cohesive zone length needs to be much smaller than the crack length, which reflects the small-scale yielding condition requirement for LEFM analysis to be valid. For large-scale cohesive zone cases, the predicted critical remote applied stresses depend on the shape of the cohesive models used and can significantly deviate from LEFM results. Furthermore, this study also reveals the importance of accurately predicting the cohesive zone profile for determining the critical remote applied load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering Materials & Technology is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LINEAR elastic fracture mechanics
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 86166335; Wang, John T. 1; Email Address: john.t.wang@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 135 Issue 1, p011003-1; Subject Term: LINEAR elastic fracture mechanics; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4007605
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86166335&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hahne, G. E.
T1  - Variance of the quantum dwell time for a nonrelativistic particle.
JO  - Journal of Mathematical Physics
JF  - Journal of Mathematical Physics
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 012110
EP  - 012110-16
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00222488
AB  - Muñoz, Seidel, and Muga [Phys. Rev. A 79, 012108 (2009)], following an earlier proposal by Pollak and Miller [Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 115 (1984)] in the context of a theory of a collinear chemical reaction, showed that suitable moments of a two-flux correlation function could be manipulated to yield expressions for the mean quantum dwell time and mean square quantum dwell time for a structureless particle scattering from a time-independent potential energy field between two parallel lines in a two-dimensional spacetime. The present work proposes a generalization to a charged, nonrelativistic particle scattering from a transient, spatially confined electromagnetic vector potential in four-dimensional spacetime. The geometry of the spacetime domain is that of the slab between a pair of parallel planes, in particular, those defined by constant values of the third (z) spatial coordinate. The mean Nth power, N = 1, 2, 3, ..., of the quantum dwell time in the slab is given by an expression involving an N-flux-correlation function. All these means are shown to be nonnegative. The N = 1 formula reduces to an S-matrix result published previously [G. E. Hahne, J. Phys. A 36, 7149 (2003)]; an explicit formula for N = 2, and of the variance of the dwell time in terms of the S-matrix, is worked out. A formula representing an incommensurability principle between variances of the output-minus-input flux of a pair of dynamical variables (such as the particle's time flux and others) is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Mathematical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VARIANCES
KW  - QUANTUM wells
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - SCATTERING (Mathematics)
KW  - GENERALIZATION
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 85208773; Hahne, G. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Ames Research Center, M. S. 258-6, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p012110; Subject Term: VARIANCES; Subject Term: QUANTUM wells; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Mathematics); Subject Term: GENERALIZATION; Subject Term: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4776657
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85208773&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
T1  - Corrigendum to “Spectral line parameters including temperature dependences of air-broadening for the 2←0 bands of 13C16O and 12C18O at 2.3μm” [J. Mol. Spectrosc. 276–277 (2012) 33–48]
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 283
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 44
EP  - 44
SN  - 00222852
N1  - Accession Number: 85426504; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Mantz, A.W. 3 Sung, K. 4 Brown, L.R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Dept. of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 283, p44; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2012.05.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85426504&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M.
AU  - Williams, Phillip A.
AU  - Wincheski, Russell A.
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
T1  - Catalyst Design Using Nanoporous Iron for the Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.
JO  - Journal of Nanomaterials
JF  - Journal of Nanomaterials
Y1  - 2013/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 16874110
AB  - Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been synthesized via a novel chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach utilizing nanoporous, iron-supported catalysts. Stable aqueous dispersions of the CVD-grown nanotubes using an anionic surfactant were also obtained. The properties of the as-produced SWNTs were characterized through atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy and compared with purified SWNTs produced via the high-pressure CO (HiPCO) method as a reference, and the nanotubes were observed with greater lengths than those of similarly processed HiPCO SWNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nanomaterials is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOPOROUS materials
KW  - IRON catalysts
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes -- Synthesis
KW  - ANIONIC surfactants
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 95401379; Abdel-Fattah, Tarek M. 1; Email Address: fattah@cnu.edu Williams, Phillip A. 2 Wincheski, Russell A. 2 Shams, Qamar A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Applied Research Center, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility and Department of Molecular Biology and Chemistry, Christopher Newport University, Newport News, VA 23606, USA  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Aeronautics Systems Engineering Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2013, p1; Subject Term: NANOPOROUS materials; Subject Term: IRON catalysts; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes -- Synthesis; Subject Term: ANIONIC surfactants; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2013/421503
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95401379&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yijiang Lu
AU  - Jing Li
AU  - Haiping Hong
T1  - Electrical Resistivity of Pristine and Functional Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes.
JO  - Journal of Nanomaterials
JF  - Journal of Nanomaterials
Y1  - 2013/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 16874110
AB  - The resistance of several pristine and functional single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) deposited and dried on interdigitated electrode (IDE) chips was investigated to better understand how functional groups influence their resistivity. Without the external electrical field, the resistance was generally increased for the sulfonated and fluorinated SWNTs but not for COOH-SWNTs. With a 3 V electric field applied during depositing, while no change in resistance was found for the purified pristine SWNTs, fluorinated SWNTs, COOH SWNTs, and Ni-SWNTs, a significant decrease in resistance was observed in sulfonated SWNTs and unpurified pristine SWNTs, which could be due to the alignment of SWNTs in an electric field. The alignment of the sulfonated SWNTs is most likely due to the charge of the sulfate functional group. It is interesting to note that the alignment was found in the unpurified pristine SWNTs but not in the purified pristine ones which have lessened resistivity. The lower resistivity in the purified pristine SWNTs may be due to the smaller number (<5%) of impurities. The significance of this research is that hydrophilic COOH-SWNTs could be a better candidate than the hydrophobic pristine SWNTs for being used in many applications, especially in polymer nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Nanomaterials is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes
KW  - ELECTRICAL resistivity
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - FUNCTIONAL groups
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - FLUORINATION
N1  - Accession Number: 95401526; Yijiang Lu 1 Jing Li 1 Haiping Hong 2; Email Address: haiping.hong@sdsmt.edu; Affiliation:  1: Nanotechnology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Sunnyvale, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Material and Metallurgical, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD57701, USA; Source Info: 2013, p1; Subject Term: SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL resistivity; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL groups; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: FLUORINATION; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2013/635673
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95401526&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikitin, A.V.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Rey, M.
AU  - Tyuterev, Vl.G.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Preliminary modeling of CH3D from 4000 to 4550cm−1
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 114
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: A new study of 12CH3D line positions and intensities was performed for the upper portion of the Enneadecad polyad between 4000 and 4550cm−1. For this, FTIR spectra were recorded with D-enriched methane samples (at 80K with a Bruker 125 IFS at 0.005cm−1 resolution and at 291K with the McMath-Pierce FTS at 0.011cm−1 resolution, respectively). Line positions and intensities were retrieved by least square curve-fitting procedures and analyzed using the effective Hamiltonian and the effective dipole moment expressed in terms of irreducible tensor operators adapted to symmetric top molecules. Initially, only the cold spectrum was used to identify quantum assignments and predict 12CH3D relative intensities in this region. To assign higher quanta up to J equal 14, additional line positions and intensities were obtained from two room temperature spectra. In the final stage, measured intensities from both the cold and the room temperature data were normalized to corresponding values at 296K and then averaged. Combining the two temperature datasets confirmed the assumed quantum assignments and also demonstrated the relative accuracies to be better than ±0.0002cm−1 for line positions and at least ±6% for intensities so that ∼1160 features were selected. Including additional assignments from the room temperature spectra alone permitted 1362 line intensities of 11 bands (involving 23 vibrational symmetry components) to be reproduced with an RMS of 9%. Over 4085 selected positions for 12 bands were modeled to 0.008cm−1. Nevertheless a number of known assignments could not be modeled to within our experimental precisions. More work is needed to obtain a complete characterization of this complex polyad. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - METHANE
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - HAMILTONIAN systems
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - CH3D
KW  - Dipole moments
KW  - FTS spectra
KW  - Intensities
KW  - Low temperature
KW  - Polyads
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 83459728; Nikitin, A.V. 1; Email Address: avn@lts.iao.ru Brown, L.R. 2 Sung, K. 2 Rey, M. 3 Tyuterev, Vl.G. 3 Smith, M.A.H. 4 Mantz, A.W. 5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, SB RAS, 1, Academician Zuev square, 634021 Tomsk, Russia  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims, U.F.R. Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France  4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 114, p1; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: HAMILTONIAN systems; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH3D; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipole moments; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTS spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyads; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.08.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83459728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhai, Peng-Wang
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Cairns, Brian
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk D.
AU  - Josset, Damien B.
AU  - Trepte, Charles R.
AU  - Lucker, Patricia L.
AU  - Chowdhary, Jacek
T1  - Uncertainty and interpretation of aerosol remote sensing due to vertical inhomogeneity
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 114
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 100
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: We have built an aerosol retrieval algorithm which combines the Look Up Table (LUT) and least squares fitting methods. The algorithm is based on the multi-angle multi-wavelength polarized reflectance at the Top Of the Atmosphere (TOA) measured by the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). The aerosol state parameters are the aerosol particle effective radius, effective variance, complex index of refraction, and aerosol column number density. Monomodal aerosol size distribution is assumed. The Cost Function (CF) of the least squares fitting is designed in consideration of the RSP instrumental characteristics. The aerosol retrieval algorithm inherently assumes one layer of aerosols within the atmosphere. Synthetic polarized radiance data at the TOA have been created assuming either one or two layers of aerosols using the vector radiative transfer code based on successive order of scattering method. Test cases for one-layer aerosol systems show great performance. Around 90% of the total 1200 test cases have CF values smaller than 50. For these cases, the correlation coefficients of the input and retrieved parameters are generally around or larger than 0.98. The effective variance is slightly worse with the correlation coefficient of 0.76938. On the other hand, test cases for two-layer aerosol systems show that only 50% of the total (also 1200) tested cases have final CFs smaller than 50. Among these successful cases (), the retrieved optical depth can still be interpreted as the total column optical depth, though the correlation coefficient is decreased in comparison with the one-layer aerosol cases. We propose to interpret other retrieved aerosol parameters as the average of corresponding parameters for each layer weighted by its optical depth at 865nm. The retrieved effective radius and complex refractive index can be explained by this scheme (correlation coefficient around 0.9). The effective variance, however, shows decreased performance with the correlation coefficient of 0.46421. This may be due to the strong nonlinearity dependence of the scattering properties on the effective variance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 83459764; Zhai, Peng-Wang 1; Email Address: pengwang.zhai-1@nasa.gov Hu, Yongxiang 2 Hostetler, Chris A. 2 Cairns, Brian 3 Ferrare, Richard A. 2 Knobelspiesse, Kirk D. 3 Josset, Damien B. 1 Trepte, Charles R. 2 Lucker, Patricia L. 1 Chowdhary, Jacek 3; Affiliation:  1: SSAI, 1 Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA, USA  2: MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 114, p91; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.08.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83459764&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - Brown, James L.
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh K.
AU  - Gnoffo, Peter
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Hollis, Brian
AU  - Zoby, V.
T1  - Uncertainty Assessment of Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics Prediction Capability.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 18
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A focused effort to assess uncertainties in predictions of heat flux and pressure in hypersonic flight using state-of-the-art aerothermodynamics codes is presented in this special section. The assessment is performed for four mission-relevant problems: 1) shock turbulent boundary-layer interaction on a compression corner, 2) shock turbulent boundary-layer interaction due to an impinging shock, 3) high-mass Mars entry and aerocapture, and 4) high-speed return to Earth. The assessment for each mission-relevant problem is presented in separate papers in this section. A validation-based uncertainty assessment approach with reliance on subject matter expertise is used. A code verification exercise with code-to-code comparisons and comparisons against well-established correlations is also included. An exhaustive review of literature in search of validation experiments is performed, which identified gaps in ground-based validation experiments at hypersonic conditions. In particular, a shortage of usable experimental data at flight-like enthalpies and Reynolds numbers is found. The uncertainties for the four mission-relevant problems are quantified using metrics that measured discrepancy between model predictions and experimental data. The discrepancy data are statistically analyzed and investigated for physics-based trends to define a meaningful quantified uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - HEISENBERG uncertainty principle
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 86070523; Bose, Deepak 1,2 Brown, James L. 3,4 Prabhu, Dinesh K. 2,5 Gnoffo, Peter 6,7 Johnston, Christopher O. 4,8 Hollis, Brian 2,8 Zoby, V.; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Member AIAA  5: Senior Research Scientist, ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035  6: Senior Research Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  7: Fellow AIAA  8: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: HEISENBERG uncertainty principle; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/I.A32268
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070523&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Gnoffo, Peter
AU  - Kleb, Bil
AU  - Bose, Deepak
T1  - Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry, Part 1: Flight Simulation Modeling and Uncertainty.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 38
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper investigates the shock-layer radiative heating uncertainty for hyperbolic Earth entry, with the main focus being a Mars return. A baseline simulation approach involving the LAURA Navier-Stokes code with coupled ablation and radiation is presented, with the HARA radiation code being used for the radiation predictions. Flight cases representative of peak heating Mars or asteroid return are defined, and the strong influence of coupled ablation and radiation on their aerothermodynamic environments are shown. Structural uncertainties inherent in the baseline simulations are identified, with turbulence modeling, precursor absorption, grid convergence, and radiation transport uncertainties combining for a +34 and -24% structural uncertainty on the radiative heating. A parametric uncertainty analysis, which assumes interval uncertainties, is presented. This analysis accounts for uncertainties in the radiation models, as well as heat of formation uncertainties in the flowfield model. Discussions and references are provided to support the uncertainty range chosen for each parameter. A parametric uncertainty of +47 and -28% is computed for the stagnation-point radiative heating for the 15 km/s Mars-return case. A breakdown of the largest individual uncertainty contributors is presented, which includes C3 Swings cross section, photoionization edge shift, and Opacity Project atomic lines. Combining the structural and parametric uncertainty components results in a total uncertainty of +81 and -52% for the Mars-return case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 86070524; Johnston, Christopher O. 1,2 Mazaheri, Alireza 2,3 Gnoffo, Peter 4,5 Kleb, Bil 4,6 Bose, Deepak 7,8; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Aerothennodynamics Branch, Research Technolog Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Member AIAA  3: Aerospace Engineer, Aerothennodynamics Branch, Research Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Aerospace Engineer, Aerothermodynamics Branch, Research Technology Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Fellow AIAA  6: Lifetime Member AIAA  7: Senior Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035  8: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p19; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32254
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070524&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Sutton, Kenneth
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh
AU  - Bose, Deepak
T1  - Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry, Part 2 Comparisons with 1960s-Era Shock-Tube Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 47
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The computational technique and uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1 (Johnston et al., "Assessment of Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry Part 1: Flight Simulation Modeling and Uncertainty," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2013, pp. 19-38.) for Mars-return radiative heating simulations are applied to 1960s era shock-tube and constricted-arc experimental cases. It is shown that these experiments contain shock-layer temperatures and radiative flux values relevant to the Mars-return cases of present interest. Comparisons between the predictions and measurements, accounting for the uncertainty in both, are made for a range of experiments. A measure of comparison quality is defined, which consists of the percent overlap of the predicted uncertainty bar with the corresponding measurement uncertainty bar. For nearly all cases, this percent overlap is greater than zero, and for most of the higher temperature eases (T > 13, 000 K), it is greater than 50%. These favorable comparisons provide evidence that the baseline computational technique and uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1 are adequate for Mars-return simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - HEISENBERG uncertainty principle
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 86070525; Johnston, Christopher O. 1,2 Sutton, Kenneth 3,4 Prabhu, Dinesh 4,5 Bose, Deepak 4,6; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23669  2: Member AIAA  3: Research Scientist, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23669  4: Associate Fellow AIAA  5: Senior Research Scientist, ERC Corporation, Mountain View, California 94035  6: Senior Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p39; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: HEISENBERG uncertainty principle; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32483
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070525&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Brandis, Aaron M.
AU  - Bose, Deepak
T1  - Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry, Part 3: Comparisons with Electric Arc Shock-Tube Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
EP  - 55
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The computational technique and uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1 (Johnston et al., "Assessment of Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry Part 1: Flight Simulation Modeling and Uncertainty," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2013) for Mars-return radiative heating simulations are applied to Electric Arc Shock-Tube cases. These experimental cases contain wavelength-dependent intensity measurements in a wavelength range that covers 60 % of the radiative intensity for the 11 km/s, 5 m radius flight case studied in Part 1. Comparisons between the predictions and Electric Arc Shock-Tube measurements are made for a range of experiments. The uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1 is applied to each prediction, and comparisons are made using the metrics defined in Part 2 (Johnston et al., "Assessment of Radiative Heating Uncertainty for Hyperbolic Earth Entry Part 2: Comparison with 1960s-Era Shock-Tube Measurements," Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets, Vol. 50, No. 1, 2013). The agreement between predictions and measurements is excellent for velocities greater than 10.5 km/s. Both the wavelength-dependent and wavelength-integrated intensities agree within 30% for nearly all cases considered. This agreement provides confidence in the computational technique and uncertainty analysis presented in Part 1, and provides further evidence that this approach is adequate for Mars-return simulations. Existing experimental data that include the influence of massive ablation on radiative heating are reviewed. It is concluded that existing data are not sufficient for the present uncertainty analysis. Experiments to capture the influence of massive ablation on radiation are suggested as future work, along with further studies of the radiative precursor and improvements in the radiation properties of ablation products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SHOCK tubes
KW  - ELECTRIC arc
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - HEISENBERG uncertainty principle
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 86070526; Johnston, Christopher O. 1,2 Brandis, Aaron M. 3,4 Bose, Deepak 2,5; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23669  2: Member AIAA  3: Associate Research Scientist, University Affiliated Research Center, University of California Santa Cruz, Mountain View, California 94035  4: Professional Member AIAA  5: Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p48; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SHOCK tubes; Subject Term: ELECTRIC arc; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: HEISENBERG uncertainty principle; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32484
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070526&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh K.
AU  - Bose, D.
T1  - Assessment of Laminar, Convective Aeroheating Prediction Uncertainties for Mars-Entry Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 68
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An assessment of computational uncertainties is presented for numerical methods used by NASA to predict laminar, convective aeroheating environments for Mars-entry vehicles. A survey was conducted of existing experimental heat transfer and shock-shape data for high-enthalpy reacting-gas CO2 flows, and five relevant test series were selected for comparison with predictions. Solutions were generated at the experimental test conditions using NASA state-of-the-art computational tools and compared with these data. The comparisons were evaluated to establish predictive uncertainties as a function of total enthalpy and to provide guidance for future experimental testing requirements to help lower these uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 86070527; Hollis, Brian R. 1,2 Prabhu, Dinesh K. 3,4,5 Bose, D.; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Aerothermodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow  3: Senior Research Scientist, Aerothermodynmnics Branch, ERC Corporation, Mountain View, California 94035  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p56; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32257
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070527&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gnoffo, Peter A.
AU  - Berry, Scott A.
AU  - Van Norman, John W.
AU  - Bose, D.
T1  - Uncertainty Assessments of Hypersonic Shock Wave-Turbulent Boundary-Layer Interactions at Compression Corners.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 95
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Simulations of a shock emanating from a compression corner and interacting with a fully developed turbulent boundary layer are evaluated herein. Mission-relevant conditions at Mach 7 and Mach 14 are defined for a precompression ramp of a scramjet-powered vehicle. Two compression angles are defined: the smallest to avoid separation losses and the largest to force higher temperature flow physics. The Baldwin-Lomax and the Cebeci-Smith algebraic models, the one-equation Spalart-AUmaras model with the Catrix-Aupoix compressibility modification, and two-equation models, including the Menter shear stress transport model and the Wilcox k-o) 98 and k-co 06 turbulence models, are evaluated. Comparisons are made to existing experimental data and Van Driest theory to provide preliminary assessment of model-form uncertainty. A set of coarse-grained uncertainty metrics are defined to capture essential differences among turbulence models. There is no clearly superior model as judged by these metrics. A preliminary metric for the numerical component of uncertainty in shock- turbulent-boundary-layer interactions at compression corners sufficiently steep to cause separation is defined as 55%. This value is a median of differences with experimental data averaged for peak pressure and heating and for extent of separation captured in new grid-converged solutions presented here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SCRAMJET engines
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
N1  - Accession Number: 86070528; Gnoffo, Peter A. 1,2 Berry, Scott A. 1,3 Van Norman, John W. 4,5 Bose, D.; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, Aerothermodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Fellow AIAA  3: Associate Fellow AIAA  4: Senior Project Engineer, Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  5: Member AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p69; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SCRAMJET engines; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32250
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070528&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, James L.
AU  - Bose, D.
T1  - Hypersonic Shock Wave Impingement on Turbulent Boundary Layers: Computational Analysis and Uncertainty.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 96
EP  - 123
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Current status of computational uncertainty for impinging hypersonic shock wave turbulent boundary-layer interactions (SWTBLIs) is evaluated by comparison of computational results with vetted experiments. Employed is one of NASA's production real gas Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes finite volume codes, DPLR, along with several commonly used turbulence models. Uncertainty and residual errors, inherent to the analysis and turbulence model implementation, are numerically evaluated for physics quantities of interest. These uncertainty results should prove of value to computational practitioners and developers and to designers making use of modern computational methods to innovate and develop hypersonic hardware such as prototype scramjet engines. Reported are statistical means, variances, and confidence limits of uncertainty measures for the physics quantities of interest to reveal the certitude with which computations of impinging hypersonic SWTBLIs can be relied. A hybrid computational fluid dynamics correlation approach yields improved peak heating estimates in the vicinity of SWTBLIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 86070529; Brown, James L. 1,2 Bose, D.; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Aerothermodynamics Branch, MS 230-2, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Member AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p96; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32259
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070529&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milos, F. S.
AU  - Chen, Y.-K.
AU  - Russell, G.
T1  - Ablation, Thermal Response, and Chemistry Program for Analysis of Thermal Protection Systems.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 149
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The fully implicit ablation and thermal response program was upgraded by incorporation of key features from the multicomponent ablation thermochemistry code. The upgraded program now has expanded capabilities to compute the muitispecies surface chemistry and the ablation rate as part of the surface energy balance. This new methodology eliminates B' tables, provides blown species as a function of time, and enables calculations that would otherwise be impractical (tables with four or more independent variables) or impossible (such as stacked pyrolyzing ablators). Equations and solution procedures are presented, then representative calculations of equilibrium and non- equilibrium ablation in flight and ground-test environments are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - THERMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
N1  - Accession Number: 86070531; Milos, F. S. 1,2 Chen, Y.-K. 3,4 Russell, G.; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Thermal Protection Materials Branch, MS 234-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Aerospace Engineer, Aerothermodynamics Branch, MS 230-2, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Member AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p137; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: THERMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32302
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pamadi, Bandu N.
AU  - Tartabini, Paul V.
AU  - Toniolo, Mathew D.
AU  - Roithmayr, Carlos M.
AU  - Karlgaard, Christopher D.
AU  - Samareh, Jamshid A.
AU  - Cummings, R.
T1  - Application of Constraint Force Equation Methodology for Launch Vehicle Stage Separation.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan/Feb2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 205
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The constraint force equation methodology implemented in the Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II was used to simulate the Space Shuttle solid rocket booster separation dynamics. These results compared well with the flight test data. This exercise was done as a test/validation for application of constraint force equation methodology to launch vehicle stage separation problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles -- Launching
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics)
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - FLIGHT testing
N1  - Accession Number: 86070536; Pamadi, Bandu N. 1,2 Tartabini, Paul V. 1,3 Toniolo, Mathew D. 3,4 Roithmayr, Carlos M. 1,5 Karlgaard, Christopher D. 5,6 Samareh, Jamshid A. 1,2 Cummings, R.; Affiliation:  1: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Vehicle Analysis Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Member AIAA  4: Senior Project Engineer, Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, VA, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Senior Member AIAA  6: Supervising Engineer, Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, VA., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2013, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p191; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles -- Launching; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics); Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86070536&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salem, Jonathan A.
AU  - Sglavo, V.
T1  - Transparent Armor Ceramics as Spacecraft Windows.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 96
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 281
EP  - 289
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - The slow crack growth parameters of several transparent armor ceramics were measured as part of a program to lighten next generation spacecraft windows. Transparent magnesium aluminate (spinel, MgAl2O4) and AlON exhibit superior slow crack resistance relative to fused silica, which is the historical material of choice. For spinel, slow crack growth, strength, and fracture toughness are significantly influenced by the grain size, and alumina-rich phases and porosity at the grain boundaries lead to intergranular fracture in coarse grain spinel. Functions describing the required mass for a desired window life imply that transparent ceramics can lighten window panes from a slow crack growth perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - SPINEL
KW  - SILICA
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - POROSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 84636929; Salem, Jonathan A. 1 Sglavo, V.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 96 Issue 1, p281; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: SPINEL; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: POROSITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 6 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jace.12089
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84636929&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewicki, David G.
AU  - DeSmidt, Hans
AU  - Smith, Edward C.
AU  - Bauman, Steven W.
T1  - Dynamics of a Dual-Clutch Gearbox System: Analysis and Experimental Validation.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Dynamic simulations and experimental validation tests were performed on a two-stage, two-speed gearbox. The gearbox was driven by two electromagnetic motors and had two electromagnetic, multidisk clutches to control output speed. A dynamic model of the system was created, which included a DC electric motor with proportional-integral-derivative speed control, a two-speed gearbox with dual electromagnetically actuated clutches, and an eddy current dynamometer. A six-degree-of-freedom model of the gearbox accounted for the system torsional dynamics and included gear, clutch, shaft, and load inertias as well as shaft flexibilities and a dry clutch stick-slip friction model. Experimental validation tests were performed on the gearbox in the NASA Glenn gear noise test facility. Gearbox output speed and torque as well as drivemotor speed and current were compared to those from the analytical predictions. The experiments correlate very well with the predictions, thus validating the dynamic simulation methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEARBOXES (Machinery)
KW  - CLUTCHES (Machinery)
KW  - EDDY currents (Electric)
KW  - DYNAMOMETER
KW  - ACTUATORS
N1  - Accession Number: 91531162; Lewicki, David G. 1; Email Address: david.g.lewicki@nasa.gov DeSmidt, Hans 2 Smith, Edward C. 3 Bauman, Steven W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Research Mechanical Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH  2: Associate Professor, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN  3: Professor, Penn State University, University Park, PA  4: Mechanical Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 58 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GEARBOXES (Machinery); Subject Term: CLUTCHES (Machinery); Subject Term: EDDY currents (Electric); Subject Term: DYNAMOMETER; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.58.012004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91531162&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rabelo, Luis
AU  - Sala-Diakanda, Serge
AU  - Pastrana, John
AU  - Marin, Mario
AU  - Bhide, Sayli
AU  - Joledo, Oloruntomi
AU  - Bardina, Jorge
T1  - Simulation Modeling of Space Missions Using the High Level Architecture.
JO  - Modelling & Simulation in Engineering
JF  - Modelling & Simulation in Engineering
Y1  - 2013/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 16875591
AB  - This paper discusses an environment being developed to model a mission of the Space Launch System (SLS) and the Multipurpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) being launched from Kennedy Space Center (KSC) to the International Space Station (ISS). Several models representing different phases of the mission such as the ground operations processes, engineered systems, and range components such as failure tree, blast, gas dispersion, and debris modeling are explained. These models are built using different simulation paradigms such as continuous, system dynamics, discrete-event, and agent-based simulation modeling. The High Level Architecture (HLA) is the backbone of this distributed simulation. The different design decisions and the information fusion scheme of this unique environment are explained in detail for decision-making. This can also help in the development of exploration missions beyond the International Space Station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Modelling & Simulation in Engineering is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - DISCRETE systems
KW  - INFORMATION theory
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center
N1  - Accession Number: 95087197; Rabelo, Luis 1; Email Address: lrabelo@mail.ucf.edu Sala-Diakanda, Serge 1 Pastrana, John 1 Marin, Mario 1 Bhide, Sayli 1 Joledo, Oloruntomi 1 Bardina, Jorge 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA  2: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2013, p1; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: DISCRETE systems; Subject Term: INFORMATION theory; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station Company/Entity: JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2013/967483
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henney, William J.
AU  - García-Díaz, Ma. T.
AU  - O'Dell, C. R.
AU  - Rubin, Robert H.
T1  - Mapping the complex kinematics of LL objects in the Orion nebula★†.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 428
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 691
EP  - 711
SN  - 00358711
AB  - LL Orionis-type objects (LL objects) are hyperbolic bowshocks visible around young stars in the outer Orion nebula, many of which are also associated with curved, highly collimated jets. The bowshocks are clearly due to the supersonic interaction between an outflow from the young star and an environmental flow from the core of the nebula, but the exact nature of these flows has not yet been established. We present the first high-resolution optical spectra of two of these objects, LL 1 and LL 2, together with their associated Herbig–Haro (HH) jets, HH 888 and HH 505. We combine multiple long-slit echelle spectra in the Hα 6563 Å and [N ii] 6584 Å lines to produce velocity maps of the two objects at a resolution of $4\text{arcsec} \times 2\text{arcsec} \times 11 {\mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}}$. The gas motions within both stellar bowshocks are of rather low velocity (10–20 km s−1), but there are important differences between the two objects. LL 1 shows a high degree of symmetry, whereas LL 2 has very asymmetric kinematics that seem to follow velocity gradients in the surrounding nebula.We also measure the line-of-sight velocity for multiple knots in the HH 888 and HH 505 jets, and combine our spectroscopy with new and existing proper-motion measurements to reconstruct the three-dimensional kinematics of the jets. The knot motions in both jets are very similar: both flows are inclined at 40° to 60° from the plane of the sky, with exclusively redshifted knots to the north and exclusively blueshifted knots to the south. In both cases, one also sees a deceleration along the length of the jets, from >200 km s−1 close to the respective stars down to <100 km s−1 farther out. The marked contrasts that we find between the kinematics of the jets and the kinematics of the stellar bowshocks are evidence that the two phenomena are not causally related. Regular patterns in the dynamic ages of the HH 505 knots imply periodic ejections on three different time-scales: 50, 12 and 4 yr.We use line ratios and photometry to measure electron densities and excitation/ionization conditions in the stellar bowshocks and jet knots. The LL 1 bowshock has a bright inner shell with density ≃3000 cm−3 (compared with a local nebula density of ≃1000 cm−3) and line ratios that are consistent with equilibrium photoionization models. The bowshock also has a fainter outer rim, where the line ratios show evidence of shock excitation. Many of the jet knots also show evidence for a shock contribution to their excitation and have densities from 1000 to 8000 cm−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - PHOTOIONIZATION
KW  - ELECTRON distribution -- Measurement
KW  - HYPERBOLIC functions
KW  - ORION Nebula
KW  - H ii regions
KW  - ISM: Herbig–Haro objects
KW  - ISM: individual objects: Orion nebula
KW  - ISM: jets and outflows
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
N1  - Accession Number: 84393143; Henney, William J. 1 García-Díaz, Ma. T. 2 O'Dell, C. R. 3 Rubin, Robert H. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 3-72, 58090 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico  2: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Km 103 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Box 1807-B, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  4: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  5: Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 428 Issue 1, p691; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: PHOTOIONIZATION; Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution -- Measurement; Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC functions; Subject Term: ORION Nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: H ii regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: Herbig–Haro objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: Orion nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: jets and outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - The Story of Earth: The First 4.5 Billion Years, from Stardust to Living Planet.
JO  - Physics Today
JF  - Physics Today
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 45
EP  - 46
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00319228
AB  - The article reviews the book "The Story of Earth: The First 4.5 Billion Years, From Stardust to Living Planet," by Robert M. Hazen.
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - HAZEN, Robert M.
KW  - STORY of Earth: The First 4.5 Billion Years, From Stardust to Living Planet, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 84624322; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p45; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: STORY of Earth: The First 4.5 Billion Years, From Stardust to Living Planet, The (Book); People: HAZEN, Robert M.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review; Full Text Word Count: 771
L3  - 10.1063/PT.3.1861
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boggs, Ashley S. P.
AU  - Lowers, Russell H.
AU  - Cloy-McCoy, Jessica A.
AU  - Guillette Jr., Louis J.
T1  - Organizational Changes to Thyroid Regulation in Alligator mississippiensis: Evidence for Predictive Adaptive Responses.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - During embryonic development, organisms are sensitive to changes in thyroid hormone signaling which can reset the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. It has been hypothesized that this developmental programming is a 'predictive adaptive response', a physiological adjustment in accordance with the embryonic environment that will best aid an individual's survival in a similar postnatal environment. When the embryonic environment is a poor predictor of the external environment, the developmental changes are no longer adaptive and can result in disease states. We predicted that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and environmentally-based iodide imbalance could lead to developmental changes to the thyroid axis. To explore whether iodide or EDCs could alter developmental programming, we collected American alligator eggs from an estuarine environment with high iodide availability and elevated thyroid-specific EDCs, a freshwater environment contaminated with elevated agriculturally derived EDCs, and a reference freshwater environment. We then incubated them under identical conditions. We examined plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations, thyroid gland histology, plasma inorganic iodide, and somatic growth at one week (before external nutrition) and ten months after hatching (on identical diets). Neonates from the estuarine environment were thyrotoxic, expressing follicular cell hyperplasia (p = 0.01) and elevated plasma triiodothyronine concentrations (p = 0.0006) closely tied to plasma iodide concentrations (p = 0.003). Neonates from the freshwater contaminated site were hypothyroid, expressing thyroid follicular cell hyperplasia (p = 0.01) and depressed plasma thyroxine concentrations (p = 0.008). Following a ten month growth period under identical conditions, thyroid histology (hyperplasia p = 0.04; colloid depletion p = 0.01) and somatic growth (body mass p<0.0001; length p = 0.02) remained altered among the contaminated sites. This work supports the hypothesis that embryonic EDC exposure or iodide imbalance could induce adult metabolic disease states, thereby stressing the need to consider the multiple environmental variables present during development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMBRYOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THYROID hormones
KW  - ENDOCRINE disruptors
KW  - HISTOLOGY
KW  - IODIDES
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
KW  - MATHEMATICS
N1  - Accession Number: 85384371; Boggs, Ashley S. P. 1,2; Email Address: aspboggs@gmail.com Lowers, Russell H. 3 Cloy-McCoy, Jessica A. 2 Guillette Jr., Louis J. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: School of Natural Resources and Environment, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America  2: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, and Hollings Marine Laboratory, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America  3: Innovative Health Applications, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, United States of America; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 8 Issue 1, Special section p1; Subject Term: EMBRYOLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THYROID hormones; Subject Term: ENDOCRINE disruptors; Subject Term: HISTOLOGY; Subject Term: IODIDES; Subject Term: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0055515
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wohl, Christopher J.
AU  - Smith, Joseph G.
AU  - Penner, Ronald K.
AU  - Lorenzi, Tyler M.
AU  - Lovell, Conrad S.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
T1  - Evaluation of commercially available materials to mitigate insect residue adhesion on wing leading edge surfaces
JO  - Progress in Organic Coatings
JF  - Progress in Organic Coatings
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 76
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 50
SN  - 03009440
AB  - Abstract: Surface contamination from insect strikes on aircraft wing leading edges can induce localized boundary layer transition from laminar to turbulent flow, resulting in increased aerodynamic drag and reduced fuel efficiency. As aviation fuel costs continue to climb, strategies to reduce fuel burn using laminar flow have led to renewed interest in surface modifications to minimize the effects of insect residue adhesion on aircraft wings. Under NASA''s Environmentally Responsible Aviation Program, insect residue adhesion-resistant coatings are being studied as an approach for drag reduction. A series of aluminum alloy test surfaces were coated with commercially available materials and characterized using contact angle goniometry. The surfaces were subsequently subjected to controlled impact of crickets using a custom-built pneumatic insect delivery device. Impact events were recorded and analyzed using high-speed digital photography and characterized using optical surface profilometry. Residue adhesion was observed on all of the coatings investigated. The cricket impact event was related to liquid droplets impacting surfaces at high velocities and was analyzed as such. Coating surface energy was determined to influence residue adhesion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Organic Coatings is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - SURFACE contamination
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - Adhesion mitigation
KW  - Coatings
KW  - Hemolymph
KW  - Insect mitigation
KW  - Surface energy
KW  - Wetting envelope
N1  - Accession Number: 83449018; Wohl, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: christopher.j.wohl@nasa.gov Smith, Joseph G. 1 Penner, Ronald K. 2 Lorenzi, Tyler M. 3 Lovell, Conrad S. 3 Siochi, Emilie J. 1; Email Address: emilie.j.siochi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  2: ATK Space Systems, Inc, Hampton, VA, 23681, United States  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666-6147, United States; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 76 Issue 1, p42; Subject Term: ADHESION; Subject Term: SURFACE contamination; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesion mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hemolymph; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insect mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wetting envelope; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2012.08.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allen, G.
AU  - Vaughan, G.
AU  - Toniazzo, T.
AU  - Coe, H.
AU  - Connolly, P.
AU  - Yuter, S. E.
AU  - Burleyson, C. D.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Ayers, J. K.
T1  - Gravity-wave-induced perturbations in marine stratocumulus.
JO  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
JF  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/01//Jan2013 Part A
VL  - 139
IS  - 670
M3  - Article
SP  - 32
EP  - 45
SN  - 00359009
AB  - We discuss the role of atmospheric gravity waves in modulating cloud radiative and dynamical properties over the southeast Pacific. Satellite imagery and satellite-retrieved cloud properties during October 2008 illustrate three distinct episodes of horizontal propagation of gravity wave trains across the large-scale stratocumulus (Sc) cloud deck capping the local marine boundary layer. In one period, 7-9 October 2008, the waves modulated cloud-top-height by up to 400 m peak-to-trough, propagating perpendicular to the synoptic boundary layer flow with phase speed 15.3 m s−1, period ∼1 h and horizontal wavelength 55 km. The gravity waves were observed to be non-dispersive. These waves were first evident in the cloud deck near 30°S, 85°W during a 24 h period beginning at midday on 7 October 2008, and propagated northeastward toward the Peruvian coast for the following 48 h. During this time they induced both reversible and non-reversible changes in cloud-radiative and cloud-dynamic properties, such that areas of clear sky developed in the troughs of passing wave-fronts. These pockets of open cells persisted long after the passage of the gravity waves, advecting northwestward with the background wind. Using the analysis fields of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts in conjunction with infrared and microwave satellite imagery, we show that these gravity waves emerged from a disturbed subtropical jet stream. The radiant of the waves was coincident in all cases with centres of large negative residuals in nonlinear balance, suggesting that geostrophic readjustment of sharply divergent flows associated with the disturbed jet provided a source for the wave energy. Conversely, gravity waves were not observed in more quiescent jet conditions. This case study highlights the important and irreversible effects that gravity waves propagating in the troposphere can have on cloud radiative properties (and hence surface radiation budgets) over a very wide area. It also highlights the importance of synoptic influence on Sc-covered marine boundary layers. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - cloud microphysics
KW  - gravity waves
KW  - pockets of open cells
KW  - scale interactions
KW  - stratocumulus
KW  - VOCALS
N1  - Accession Number: 85293239; Allen, G. 1 Vaughan, G. 1 Toniazzo, T. 2 Coe, H. 1 Connolly, P. 1 Yuter, S. E. 3 Burleyson, C. D. 3 Minnis, P. 4 Ayers, J. K. 5; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, UK  2: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, UK  3: Department of Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  5: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, USA; Source Info: Jan2013 Part A, Vol. 139 Issue 670, p32; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud microphysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: pockets of open cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: scale interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratocumulus; Author-Supplied Keyword: VOCALS; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qj.1952
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sungho Choi
AU  - Xiliang Ni
AU  - Yuli Shi
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Gong Zhang
AU  - Duong, Hieu V.
AU  - Lefsky, Michael A.
AU  - Simard, Marc
AU  - Saatchi, Sassan S.
AU  - Shihyan Lee
AU  - Wenge Ni-Meister
AU  - Shilong Piao
AU  - Chunxiang Cao
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations Model of Tree Heights: Part 2. Site Based Testing of the Model. Remote Sens. 2013, 5, 202-223.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The article presents a study which examines the possible Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) metrics representatives of tree heights and the Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) tree heights. It mentions that the distribution of footprints of GLAS superimposed on Landsat imagery. It states that the average of the top 25% of tree heights measured by field is applied to represent the tree height measured by field of subplot.
KW  - PHYTOGEOGRAPHY -- Maps
KW  - ALTIMETERS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - ANTHROPOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 85141954; Sungho Choi 1; Email Address: schoi@bu.edu Xiliang Ni 1,2; Email Address: nixl@irsa.ac.cn Yuli Shi 1,3; Email Address: ylshi.nuist@gmail.com Ganguly, Sangram 4; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com Gong Zhang 5; Email Address: gongzhang07@gmail.com Duong, Hieu V. 6; Email Address: Hieu.Duong@colostate.edu Lefsky, Michael A. 6; Email Address: lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu Simard, Marc 7; Email Address: marc.simard@jpl.nasa.gov Saatchi, Sassan S. 7; Email Address: saatchi@jpl.nasa.gov Shihyan Lee 8; Email Address: shihyanlee@yahoo.com Wenge Ni-Meister 8; Email Address: Wenge.Ni-Meister@hunter.cuny.edu Shilong Piao 9; Email Address: slpiao@pku.edu.cn Chunxiang Cao 2; Email Address: cao413@irsa.ac.cn Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 10; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Email Address: ranga.myneni@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.  2: State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China  3: School of Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI)/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  5: Department of Watershed Science, Utah State University, UT 84322, USA.  6: Center for Ecological Analysis of Lidar, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  8: Department of Geography, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA.  9: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  10: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PHYTOGEOGRAPHY -- Maps; Subject Term: ALTIMETERS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: ANTHROPOMETRY; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sungho Choi
AU  - Xiliang Ni
AU  - Yuli Shi
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Gong Zhang
AU  - Duong, Hieu V.
AU  - Lefsky, Michael A.
AU  - Simard, Marc
AU  - Saatchi, Sassan S.
AU  - Shihyan Lee
AU  - Wenge Ni-Meister
AU  - Shilong Piao
AU  - Chunxiang Cao
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations Model of Tree Heights: Part 2. Site Based Testing of the Model.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 223
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The ultimate goal of this multi-article series is to develop a methodology to generate continuous fields of tree height and biomass. The first paper demonstrated the need for Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitation (ASRL) model optimization and its ability to generate spatially continuous fields of tree heights over the continental USA at coarse (1 km) spatial resolution. The objective of this second paper is to provide an assessment of that approach at site scale, specifically at 12 FLUXNET sites where more accurate data are available. Estimates of tree heights from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform data are used for model optimization. Amongst the five possible GLAS metrics that are representative of tree heights, the best metric is selected based on how closely the metric resembles field-measured and Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor tree heights. In the optimization process, three parameters of the ASRL model (area of single leaf, α; exponent for canopy radius, η; and root absorption efficiency, γ) are simultaneously adjusted to minimize the difference between model predictions and observations at the study sites (distances to valid GLAS footprints ≤ 10 km). Performance of the optimized ASRL model was evaluated through comparisons to the best GLAS metric of tree height using a two-fold cross validation approach (R2 = 0.85; RMSE = 1.81 m) and a bootstrapping approach (R2 = 0.66; RMSE = 2.60 m). The optimized model satisfactorily performed at the site scale, thus corroborating results presented in part one of this series. Future investigations will focus on generalizing these results and extending the model formulation using similar allometric concepts for the estimation of woody biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOMETRY
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - ALTIMETERS
KW  - WAVE analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - allometric scaling law
KW  - GLAS
KW  - model optimization
KW  - resource limitation
KW  - tree height
N1  - Accession Number: 85141953; Sungho Choi 1; Email Address: schoi@bu.edu Xiliang Ni 1,2; Email Address: nixl@irsa.ac.cn Yuli Shi 1,3; Email Address: ylshi.nuist@gmail.com Ganguly, Sangram 4; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com Gong Zhang 5; Email Address: gongzhang07@gmail.com Duong, Hieu V. 6; Email Address: Hieu.Duong@colostate.edu Lefsky, Michael A. 6; Email Address: lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu Simard, Marc 7; Email Address: marc.simard@jpl.nasa.gov Saatchi, Sassan S. 7; Email Address: saatchi@jpl.nasa.gov Shihyan Lee 8; Email Address: shihyanlee@yahoo.com Wenge Ni-Meister 8; Email Address: Wenge.Ni-Meister@hunter.cuny.edu Shilong Piao 9; Email Address: slpiao@pku.edu.cn Chunxiang Cao 2; Email Address: cao413@irsa.ac.cn Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 10; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Email Address: ranga.myneni@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  2: State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China  3: School of Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI)/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Watershed Science, Utah State University, UT 84322, USA  6: Center for Ecological Analysis of Lidar, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: Department of Geography, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA  9: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  10: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p202; Subject Term: ALLOMETRY; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: ALTIMETERS; Subject Term: WAVE analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: allometric scaling law; Author-Supplied Keyword: GLAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: model optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: resource limitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: tree height; Number of Pages: 22p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5010202
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85141953&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yuli Shi
AU  - Sungho Choi
AU  - Xiliang Ni
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Gong Zhang
AU  - Duong, Hieu V.
AU  - Lefsky, Michael A.
AU  - Simard, Marc
AU  - Saatchi, Sassan S.
AU  - Shihyan Lee
AU  - Ni-Meister, Wenge
AU  - Shilong Piao
AU  - Chunxiang Cao
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations Model of Tree Heights: Part 1. Model Optimization and Testing over Continental USA.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 284
EP  - 306
SN  - 20724292
AB  - A methodology to generate spatially continuous fields of tree heights with an optimized Allometric Scaling and Resource Limitations (ASRL) model is reported in this first of a multi-part series of articles. Model optimization is performed with the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) waveform data. This methodology is demonstrated by mapping tree heights over forested lands in the continental USA (CONUS) at 1 km spatial resolution. The study area is divided into 841 eco-climatic zones based on three forest types, annual total precipitation classes (30 mm intervals) and annual average temperature classes (2 °C intervals). Three model parameters (area of single leaf, α, exponent for canopy radius, η, and root absorption efficiency, γ) were selected for optimization, that is, to minimize the difference between actual and potential tree heights in each of the eco-climatic zones over the CONUS. Tree heights predicted by the optimized model were evaluated against GLAS heights using a two-fold cross validation approach (R2 = 0.59; RMSE = 3.31 m). Comparison at the pixel level between GLAS heights (mean = 30.6 m; standard deviation = 10.7) and model predictions (mean = 30.8 m; std. = 8.4) were also performed. Further, the model predictions were compared to existing satellite-based forest height maps. The optimized ASRL model satisfactorily reproduced the pattern of tree heights over the CONUS. Subsequent articles in this series will document further improvements with the ultimate goal of mapping tree heights and forest biomass globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TREE height -- Measurement
KW  - ALLOMETRY
KW  - ALTIMETERS
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - allometric scaling law
KW  - GLAS
KW  - model optimization
KW  - resource limitations
KW  - tree height
N1  - Accession Number: 85141960; Yuli Shi 1,2; Email Address: ylshi.nuist@gmail.com Sungho Choi 2; Email Address: schoi@bu.edu Xiliang Ni 2,3; Email Address: nixl@irsa.ac.cn Ganguly, Sangram 4; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com Gong Zhang 5; Email Address: gongzhang07@gmail.com Duong, Hieu V. 6; Email Address: dr.hieu.duong@gmail.com Lefsky, Michael A. 6; Email Address: lefsky@cnr.colostate.edu Simard, Marc 7; Email Address: marc.simard@jpl.nasa.gov Saatchi, Sassan S. 7; Email Address: saatchi@jpl.nasa.gov Shihyan Lee 8; Email Address: shihyanlee@yahoo.com Ni-Meister, Wenge 8; Email Address: Wenge.Ni-Meister@hunter.cuny.edu Shilong Piao 9; Email Address: slpiao@pku.edu.cn Chunxiang Cao 3; Email Address: cao413@irsa.ac.cn Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 10; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov Myneni, Ranga B. 2; Email Address: ranga.myneni@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: School of Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China  2: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  3: State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI)/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Watershed Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA  6: Center for Ecological Analysis of Lidar, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Gove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: Department of Geography, Hunter College of CUNY, New York, NY 10065, USA  9: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  10: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p284; Subject Term: TREE height -- Measurement; Subject Term: ALLOMETRY; Subject Term: ALTIMETERS; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Author-Supplied Keyword: allometric scaling law; Author-Supplied Keyword: GLAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: model optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: resource limitations; Author-Supplied Keyword: tree height; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 2 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5010284
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85141960&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scarino, Benjamin
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
AU  - Reichle, Rolf H.
AU  - Morstad, Daniel
AU  - Yost, Christopher
AU  - Shan, Baojuan
AU  - Qing Liu
T1  - Retrieving Clear-Sky Surface Skin Temperature for Numerical Weather Prediction Applications from Geostationary Satellite Data.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 342
EP  - 366
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Atmospheric models rely on high-accuracy, high-resolution initial radiometric and surface conditions for better short-term meteorological forecasts, as well as improved evaluation of global climate models. Remote sensing of the Earth's energy budget, particularly with instruments flown on geostationary satellites, allows for near-real-time evaluation of cloud and surface radiation properties. The persistence and coverage of geostationary remote sensing instruments grant the frequent retrieval of near-instantaneous quasi-global skin temperature. Among other cloud and clear-sky retrieval parameters, NASA Langley provides a non-polar, high-resolution land and ocean skin temperature dataset for atmospheric modelers by applying an inverted correlated k-distribution method to clear-pixel values of top-of-atmosphere infrared temperature. The present paper shows that this method yields clear-sky skin temperature values that are, for the most part, within 2 K of measurements from ground-site instruments, like the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Infrared Thermometer and the National Climatic Data Center Apogee Precision Infrared Thermocouple Sensor. The level of accuracy relative to the ARM site is comparable to that of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) with the benefit of an increased number of daily measurements without added bias or increased error. Additionally, matched comparisons of the high-resolution skin temperature product with MODIS land surface temperature reveal a level of accuracy well within 1 K for both day and night. This confidence will help in characterizing the diurnal and seasonal biases and root-mean-square differences between the retrievals and modeled values from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Version 5 (GEOS-5) in preparation for assimilation of the retrievals into GEOS-5. Modelers should find the immediate availability and broad coverage of these skin temperature observations valuable, which can lead to improved forecasting and more advanced global climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SKIN temperature
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - ARM
KW  - GEOS-5
KW  - GOES
KW  - infrared
KW  - MODIS
KW  - NCDC
KW  - quasi-global
KW  - skin temperature
KW  - surface temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 85141963; Scarino, Benjamin 1; Email Address: baojuan.shan-1@nasa.gov Minnis, Patrick 2; Email Address: p.minnis@nasa.gov Palikonda, Rabindra 1; Email Address: rabindra.palikonda-1@nasa.gov Reichle, Rolf H. 3; Email Address: rolf.h.reichle@nasa.gov Morstad, Daniel 1; Email Address: daniel.morstad@nasa.gov Yost, Christopher 1; Email Address: christopher.r.yost@nasa.gov Shan, Baojuan 1; Email Address: benjamin.r.scarino@nasa.gov Qing Liu 4; Email Address: qing.liu-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA.; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 5 Issue 1, p342; Subject Term: SKIN temperature; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARM; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEOS-5; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NCDC; Author-Supplied Keyword: quasi-global; Author-Supplied Keyword: skin temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 7 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5010342
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85141963&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Xuan
AU  - Chang, Allan S.P.
AU  - Chen, Bin
AU  - Gu, Claire
AU  - Bond, Tiziana C.
T1  - High sensitivity gas sensing by Raman spectroscopy in photonic crystal fiber
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 176
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 68
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: We report the highly sensitive Raman detection of various gases (ambient nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide) and vapors (toluene, acetone, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane) using a hollow core photonic crystal fiber probe. With a sensitivity enhancement of around 3 orders of magnitude over direct detection, the minimum instrumentation-limited detectable concentrations for toluene, acetone, 1,1,1-trichloroethane vapors are 0.04%, 0.01%, 1.2%, respectively, with a 30cm-long fiber probe. Moreover, we demonstrate its multiplexed sensing capability quantitatively using a vapor mixture. This combination of Raman spectroscopy and photonic crystal fiber provides a promising platform for gas sensing in environmental control applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - PHOTONIC crystals
KW  - CRYSTAL whiskers
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - TOLUENE
KW  - TRICHLOROETHANE
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - Fiber sensor
KW  - Gas sensing
KW  - Photonic crystal fiber
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 84764016; Yang, Xuan 1,2 Chang, Allan S.P. 1 Chen, Bin 2,3 Gu, Claire 2; Email Address: claire@ee.ucsc.edu Bond, Tiziana C. 1; Email Address: bond7@llnl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, United States  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  3: Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 176, p64; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: PHOTONIC crystals; Subject Term: CRYSTAL whiskers; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: TOLUENE; Subject Term: TRICHLOROETHANE; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photonic crystal fiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2012.09.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84764016&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - McNatt, Jeremiah
T1  - Selected publications from the 22nd Space Photovoltaic Research and Technology (SPRAT) Conference
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 108
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 224
EP  - 224
SN  - 09270248
N1  - Accession Number: 83930534; McNatt, Jeremiah 1; Email Address: jmcnatt@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: 22nd SPRAT Conference, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 108, p224; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.11.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83930534&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Liangmin
AU  - McMillon, Lyndsey
AU  - McNatt, Jeremiah
T1  - Gas-dependent bandgap and electrical conductivity of Cu2O thin films
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 108
M3  - Article
SP  - 230
EP  - 234
SN  - 09270248
AB  - Abstract: Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) is a promising earth-abundant semiconductor for photovoltaic applications. Developing an understanding of the p-type conduction mechanism is vital to optimize the material. We have used a reactive magnetron sputtering system to fabricate Cu2O thin films. The bandgap, refractive index, mobility, density of hole, and electrical conductivity in the films have also been investigated. Our work shows that the films fabricated under nitrogen-rich condition exhibit wide bandgaps and low electrical conductivities while the films deposited under oxygen-rich condition have narrow bandgaps and high electrical conductivities. The results from the density functional theory are introduced to explain the gas dependence of the bandgap. A developed theoretical model based on Fermi-Dirac statistics shows that the high electrical conductivities originate from the acceptor levels located below Feimi level in the film. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY gaps (Physics)
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - COPPER oxide films
KW  - THIN films
KW  - DENSITY functionals
KW  - REFRACTIVE index
KW  - MAGNETRON sputtering
KW  - Bandgap
KW  - Cuprous oxide thin film
KW  - Feimi level
KW  - Hall effect
KW  - Oxide semiconductor
KW  - P-type conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 83930536; Zhang, Liangmin 1; Email Address: lzhang@astate.edu McMillon, Lyndsey 2 McNatt, Jeremiah 2; Affiliation:  1: Arkansas Center for Laser Applications and Science, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467, USA  2: Photovoltaics and Power Technology Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 108, p230; Subject Term: ENERGY gaps (Physics); Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: COPPER oxide films; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: DENSITY functionals; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; Subject Term: MAGNETRON sputtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bandgap; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cuprous oxide thin film; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feimi level; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hall effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxide semiconductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: P-type conductivity; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.05.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83930536&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PRIVÉ, NIKKI C.
AU  - ERRICO, RONALD M.
T1  - The role of model and initial condition error in numerical weather forecasting investigated with an observing system simulation experiment.
JO  - Tellus: Series A
JF  - Tellus: Series A
Y1  - 2013/01//
VL  - 65
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - Co-Action Publishing
SN  - 02806495
AB  - A series of experiments that explore the roles of model and initial condition error in numerical weather prediction are performed using an observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) framework developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (NASA/ GMAO). The use of an OSSE allows the analysis and forecast errors to be explicitly calculated, and different hypothetical observing networks can be tested with ease. In these experiments, both a full global OSSE framework and an 'identical twin' OSSE setup are used to compare the behaviour of the data assimilation system (DAS) and evolution of forecast skill with and without model error. The initial condition error is manipulated by varying the distribution and quality of the observing network and the magnitude of observation errors. The results show that model error has a strong impact on both the quality of the analysis field and the evolution of forecast skill, including both systematic and unsystematic model error components. With a realistic observing network, the analysis state retains a significant quantity of error due to systematic model error. If errors of the analysis state are minimised, model error acts to rapidly degrade forecast skill during the first 24-48 hours of forward integration. In the presence of model error, the impact of observation errors on forecast skill is small, but in the absence of model error, observation errors cause a substantial degradation of the skill of medium-range forecasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Tellus: Series A is the property of Co-Action Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL weather forecasting
KW  - WEATHER forecasting -- Computer simulation
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - data assimilation
KW  - initial condition error
KW  - model error
KW  - numerical weather prediction
KW  - OSSE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 95950005; PRIVÉ, NIKKI C. 1,2; Email Address: Nikki.Prive@nasa.gov ERRICO, RONALD M. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 65, p1; Subject Term: NUMERICAL weather forecasting; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting -- Computer simulation; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: data assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: initial condition error; Author-Supplied Keyword: model error; Author-Supplied Keyword: numerical weather prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: OSSE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3402/tellusa.v65i0.21740
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95950005&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saatchia, Sassan
AU  - Asefi-Najafabady, Salvi
AU  - Maihi, Yadvinder
AU  - Aragão, Luiz E. O. C.
AU  - Anderson, Liana O.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - Persistent effects of a severe drought on Amazonian forest canopy.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2013/01/08/
VL  - 110
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 565
EP  - 570
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Recent Amazonian droughts have drawn attention to the vulnerability of tropical forests to climate perturbations. Satellite and in situ observations have shown an increase in fire occurrence during drought years and tree mortality following severe droughts, but to date there has been no assessment of long-term impacts of these droughts across landscapes in Amazonia. Here, we use satellite microwave observations of rainfall and canopy backscatter to show that more than 70 million hectares of forest in western Amazonia experienced a strong water deficit during the dry season of 2005 and a closely corresponding decline in canopy structure and moisture. Remarkably, and despite the gradual recovery in total rainfall in subsequent years, the decrease in canopy backscatter persisted until the next major drought, in 2010. The decline in backscatter is attributed to changes in structure and water content associated with the forest upper canopy. The persistence of low backscatter supports the slow recovery (>4 y) of forest canopy structure after the severe drought in 2005. The result suggests that the occurrence of droughts in Amazonia at 5-10 y frequency may lead to persistent alteration of the forest canopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DROUGHTS
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - RAIN forests
KW  - AMAZON River Region
KW  - canopy disturbance
KW  - canopy water content
KW  - QSCAT
KW  - radar
KW  - rainforest
N1  - Accession Number: 84704734; Saatchia, Sassan 1,2; Email Address: saatchi@jpl.nasa.gov Asefi-Najafabady, Salvi 2 Maihi, Yadvinder 3 Aragão, Luiz E. O. C. 4 Anderson, Liana O. 3,5 Myneni, Ranga B. 6 Nemani, Ramakrishna 7; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109  2: Institute of Environment, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90045  3: Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QY, United Kingdom  4: College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Devon EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom  5: Remote Sensing Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos, Sao Paulo 12227-010, Brazil  6: Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215  7: Biospheric Sciences Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 1/8/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 2, p565; Subject Term: DROUGHTS; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: RAIN forests; Subject Term: AMAZON River Region; Author-Supplied Keyword: canopy disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: canopy water content; Author-Supplied Keyword: QSCAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: rainforest; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1204651110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atli, K.C.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.
T1  - The effect of training on two-way shape memory effect of binary NiTi and NiTi based ternary high temperature shape memory alloys
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2013/01/10/
VL  - 560
M3  - Article
SP  - 653
EP  - 666
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: The propensity for various high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMA), i.e., Ni28.5Ti50.5Pt21, Ni24.5Ti50.5Pd25 and Ni24.5Ti50Pd25Sc0.5, to exhibit two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was compared to that of a conventional binary Ni49.9Ti50.1 shape memory alloy (SMA). Thermomechanical training in the form of thermal cycling under constant stress levels was employed to induce two-way shape memory behavior in the various materials. The resulting TWSME was characterized for its magnitude and stability under stress-free conditions, while parameters such as training stress and upper cycle temperature during training were investigated for their influence on this phenomenon. For Ni49.9Ti50.1, a negative correlation was found between an increasing training stress, from 80MPa to 200MPa, and the magnitude of the resulting TWSM strain, while a positive correlation was observed for Ni24.5Ti50.5Pd25 and Ni24.5Ti50Pd25Sc0.5. The stability of the TWSME for the Ni49.9Ti50.1, measured by the strain evolution of the cold (martensitic) and hot (austenitic) shapes of the samples upon stress-free thermal cycling, was found to depend on the stress and temperature interval during training. Conversely, the stability of the NiTiPd based HTSMAs was much greater and less sensitive to these parameters over the stress and temperature intervals investigated. No TWSME was seen in Ni28.5Ti50.5Pt21 due to the higher upper cycle temperatures required during thermal cycling, which resulted in the recovery of any favorable dislocation structures generated during training. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory effect
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on metals
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Martensitic transformation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Thermal stability
KW  - Thermomechanical training
KW  - Two-way shape memory effect
N1  - Accession Number: 83323785; Atli, K.C. 1 Karaman, I. 1,2; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Noebe, R.D. 3 Gaydosh, D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 560, p653; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory effect; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on metals; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermomechanical training; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-way shape memory effect; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2012.10.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Morehead, Robert C.
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Adams, Elisabeth R.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Bryson, Steve
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Dupree, Andrea
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Robertson, Paul
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Seader, Shawn
AU  - Thompson, Susan
AU  - Twicken, Joseph D.
T1  - Transit timing observations from Kepler – VII. Confirmation of 27 planets in 13 multiplanet systems via transit timing variations and orbital stability.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/01/11/
VL  - 428
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1077
EP  - 1087
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We confirm 27 planets in 13 planetary systems by showing the existence of statistically significant anticorrelated transit timing variations, which demonstrates that the planet candidates are in the same system, and long-term dynamical stability, which places limits on the masses of the candidates – showing that they are planetary. All of these newly confirmed planetary systems have orbital periods that place them near first-order mean motion resonances (MMRs), including six systems near the 2:1 MMR, five near 3:2, and one each near 4:3, 5:4 and 6:5. In addition, several unconfirmed planet candidates exist in some systems (that cannot be confirmed with this method at this time). A few of these candidates would also be near first-order MMRs with either the confirmed planets or other candidates. One system of particular interest, Kepler-56 (KOI-1241), is a pair of planets orbiting a twelfth magnitude, giant star with radius over three times that of the Sun and effective temperature of 4900 K – among the largest stars known to host a transiting exoplanetary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - DYNAMICAL systems
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - celestial mechanics
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 84393207; Steffen, Jason H. 1 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 2 Agol, Eric 3 Ford, Eric B. 4 Morehead, Robert C. 4 Cochran, William D. 5 Lissauer, Jack J. 6 Adams, Elisabeth R. 7 Borucki, William J. 6 Bryson, Steve 6 Caldwell, Douglas A. 8 Dupree, Andrea 7 Jenkins, Jon M. 6 Robertson, Paul 5 Rowe, Jason F. 6 Seader, Shawn 6 Thompson, Susan 6 Twicken, Joseph D. 6; Affiliation:  1: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, PO Box 500, MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  2: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 90195, USA  4: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA  5: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78730, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 428 Issue 2, p1077; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: DYNAMICAL systems; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borkovits, T.
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Kiss, L. L.
AU  - Király, A.
AU  - Forgács-Dajka, E.
AU  - Bíró, I. B.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Bryson, S. T.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Szabó, R.
T1  - Dynamical masses, absolute radii and 3D orbits of the triply eclipsing star HD 181068 from Kepler photometry.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/01/11/
VL  - 428
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1656
EP  - 1672
SN  - 00358711
AB  - HD 181068 is the brighter of the two known triply eclipsing hierarchical triple stars in the Kepler field. It has been continuously observed for more than 2 yr with the Kepler space telescope. Of the nine quarters of the data, three have been obtained in short-cadence mode, that is one point per 58.9 s. Here we analyse this unique data set to determine absolute physical parameters (most importantly the masses and radii) and full orbital configuration using a sophisticated novel approach. We measure eclipse timing variations (ETVs), which are then combined with the single-lined radial velocity measurements to yield masses in a manner equivalent to double-lined spectroscopic binaries. We have also developed a new light-curve synthesis code that is used to model the triple, mutual eclipses and the effects of the changing tidal field on the stellar surface and the relativistic Doppler beaming. By combining the stellar masses from the ETV study with the simultaneous light-curve analysis we determine the absolute radii of the three stars. Our results indicate that the close and the wide subsystems revolve in almost exactly coplanar and prograde orbits. The newly determined parameters draw a consistent picture of the system with such details that have been beyond reach before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - stars: individual: HD 181068
N1  - Accession Number: 84393211; Borkovits, T. 1,2,3 Derekas, A. 2,4 Kiss, L. L. 2,3,4 Király, A. 2,5 Forgács-Dajka, E. 5,6 Bíró, I. B. 1 Bedding, T. R. 4 Bryson, S. T. 7 Huber, D. 4,7 Szabó, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Baja Astronomical Observatory, H-6500 Baja, Szegedi út, Kt. 766, Hungary  2: Konkoly Observatory, MTA CSFK, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege M. út 15-17, Hungary  3: ELTE Gothard-Lendület Research Group, H-9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre herceg út 112, Hungary  4: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  5: Astronomical Department, Eötvös University, H-1118 Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Budapest, Hungary  6: University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, 1180 Vienna, Austria  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 428 Issue 2, p1656; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HD 181068; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamamoto, A.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Yoshimura, K.
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Hams, T.
AU  - Hasegawa, M.
AU  - Horikoshi, A.
AU  - Itazaki, A.
AU  - Kim, K.C.
AU  - Kumazawa, T.
AU  - Kusumoto, A.
AU  - Lee, M.H.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Matsukawa, Y.
AU  - Matsumoto, K.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Myers, Z.
T1  - Search for cosmic-ray antiproton origins and for cosmological antimatter with BESS
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/01/15/
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 227
EP  - 233
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The balloon-borne experiment with a superconducting spectrometer (BESS) has performed cosmic-ray observations as a US–Japan cooperative space science program, and has provided fundamental data on cosmic rays to study elementary particle phenomena in the early Universe. The BESS experiment has measured the energy spectra of cosmic-ray antiprotons to investigate signatures of possible exotic origins such as dark matter candidates or primordial black holes, and searched for heavier antinuclei that might reach Earth from antimatter domains formed in the early Universe. The apex of the BESS program was reached with the Antarctic flight of BESS-Polar II, during the 2007–2008 Austral Summer, that obtained over 4.7billion cosmic-ray events from 24.5days of observation. The flight took place at the expected solar minimum, when the sensitivity of the low-energy antiproton measurements to a primary source is greatest. Here, we report the scientific results, focusing on the long-duration flights of BESS-Polar I (2004) and BESS-Polar II (2007–2008). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SOLAR cosmic rays
KW  - ANTIPROTONS
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
KW  - DARK matter (Astronomy)
KW  - UNIVERSE
KW  - JAPAN
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Antimatter
KW  - Antiproton
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Primordial black hole
KW  - Solar BESS
KW  - Solar modulation
N1  - Accession Number: 84646382; Yamamoto, A. 1; Email Address: akira.yamamoto@kek.jp Mitchell, J.W. 2 Yoshimura, K. 1 Abe, K. 3 Fuke, H. 4 Haino, S. 1 Hams, T. 2 Hasegawa, M. 1 Horikoshi, A. 1 Itazaki, A. 3 Kim, K.C. 5 Kumazawa, T. 1 Kusumoto, A. 3 Lee, M.H. 5 Makida, Y. 1 Matsuda, S. 1 Matsukawa, Y. 3 Matsumoto, K. 1 Moiseev, A.A. 2 Myers, Z. 2; Affiliation:  1: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  4: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan  5: IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p227; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SOLAR cosmic rays; Subject Term: ANTIPROTONS; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; Subject Term: DARK matter (Astronomy); Subject Term: UNIVERSE; Subject Term: JAPAN; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antimatter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antiproton; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Primordial black hole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar BESS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar modulation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2011.07.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial: Comments About the 2012 International Microwave Symposium Special Issue and Conference Papers Versus Journal Papers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/01/15/Jan2013 Part 2
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 339
EP  - 340
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The editor reflects on the special issue of the periodical which is based on the 2012 International Microwave Symposium held on June 17-22, 2012 in Montreal, Quebec. He mentions that due to increased number of submissions to the special issue, it has been divided into two issues the first one was published in December 2012, and the next one in January 2013. He adds that the aim behind including conference papers in the issue is to present results that might help improve engineering designs.
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - MICROWAVES -- Congresses
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - CONFERENCE papers
KW  - MONTREAL (Quebec)
KW  - QUEBEC (Province)
N1  - Accession Number: 85019219; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jan2013 Part 2, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p339; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: MICROWAVES -- Congresses; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: CONFERENCE papers; Subject Term: MONTREAL (Quebec); Subject Term: QUEBEC (Province); NAICS/Industry Codes: 561920 Convention and Trade Show Organizers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2012.2231495
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85019219&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xianglei
AU  - Cole, Jason N. S.
AU  - He, Fei
AU  - Potter, Gerald L.
AU  - Oreopoulos, Lazaros
AU  - Lee, Dongmin
AU  - Suarez, Max
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
T1  - Longwave Band-By-Band Cloud Radiative Effect and Its Application in GCM Evaluation.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2013/01/15/
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 450
EP  - 467
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - The cloud radiative effect (CRE) of each longwave (LW) absorption band of a GCM's radiation code is uniquely valuable for GCM evaluation because 1) comparing band-by-band CRE avoids the compensating biases in the broadband CRE comparison and 2) the fractional contribution of each band to the LW broadband CRE ( fCRE) is sensitive to cloud-top height but largely insensitive to cloud fraction, thereby presenting a diagnostic metric to separate the two macroscopic properties of clouds. Recent studies led by the first author have established methods to derive such band-by-band quantities from collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. A study is presented here that compares the observed band-by-band CRE over the tropical oceans with those simulated by three different atmospheric GCMs-the GFDL Atmospheric Model version 2 (GFDL AM2), NASA Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5), and the fourth-generation AGCM of the Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis (CCCma CanAM4)-forced by observed SST. The models agree with observation on the annual-mean LW broadband CRE over the tropical oceans within ±1 W m−2. However, the differences among these three GCMs in some bands can be as large as or even larger than ±1 W m−2. Observed seasonal cycles of fCRE in major bands are shown to be consistent with the seasonal cycle of cloud-top pressure for both the amplitude and the phase. However, while the three simulated seasonal cycles of fCRE agree with observations on the phase, the amplitudes are underestimated. Simulated interannual anomalies from GFDL AM2 and CCCma CanAM4 are in phase with observed anomalies. The spatial distribution of fCRE highlights the discrepancies between models and observation over the low-cloud regions and the compensating biases from different bands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC deposition
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - Cloud forcing
KW  - Model evaluation/performance
KW  - Radiation budgets
KW  - Radiative fluxes
KW  - Tropics
N1  - Accession Number: 84936922; Huang, Xianglei 1 Cole, Jason N. S. 2 He, Fei 1 Potter, Gerald L. 1 Oreopoulos, Lazaros 3 Lee, Dongmin 3,4 Suarez, Max 3 Loeb, Norman G. 5; Affiliation:  1: * Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan  2: Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  4: Climate Dynamics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea  5: Radiation and Climate Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p450; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC deposition; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model evaluation/performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budgets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 10 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00112.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
T1  - Validation of nuclear models used in space radiation shielding applications
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2013/01/15/
VL  - 233
M3  - Article
SP  - 464
EP  - 479
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: A program of verification and validation has been undertaken to assess the applicability of models to space radiation shielding applications and to track progress as these models are developed over time. In this work, simple validation metrics applicable to testing both model accuracy and consistency with experimental data are developed. The developed metrics treat experimental measurement uncertainty as an interval and are therefore applicable to cases in which epistemic uncertainty dominates the experimental data. To demonstrate the applicability of the metrics, nuclear physics models used by NASA for space radiation shielding applications are compared to an experimental database consisting of over 3600 experimental cross sections. A cumulative uncertainty metric is applied to the question of overall model accuracy, while a metric based on the median uncertainty is used to analyze the models from the perspective of model development by examining subsets of the model parameter space. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - Cumulative uncertainty
KW  - Experimental measurement uncertainty
KW  - Median uncertainty
KW  - Model validation
KW  - Validation metrics
N1  - Accession Number: 83328147; Norman, Ryan B.; Email Address: Ryan.B.Norman@nasa.gov Blattnig, Steve R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 233, p464; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: DATABASES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cumulative uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental measurement uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Median uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation metrics; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.09.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83328147&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Schull, Mitchell A.
AU  - Stenberg, Pauline
AU  - Möttus, Matti
AU  - Rautiainen, Miina
AU  - Yan Yang
AU  - Marshak, Alexander
AU  - Latorre-Carmona, Pedro
AU  - Kaufmann, Robert K.
AU  - Lewis, Philip
AU  - Disney, Mathias I.
AU  - Vanderbilt, Vern
AU  - Davis, Anthony B.
AU  - Baret, Frédéric
AU  - Jacquemoud, Stéphane
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Hyperspectral remote sensing of foliar nitrogen content.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2013/01/15/
VL  - 110
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 811
EP  - 812
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The article offers the offers the authors' insights on a study that shows that the correlation of the canopy bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) with near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths is an artifact. The authors cite various factors used to determine the positive gradient of NIR BRF such as stronger absorption by needles and needle scattering. They say that the hyperspectral remote sensing of the biochemical components of leaf depends on the variance of scattering at different wavelengths.
KW  - LEAVES -- Composition
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NEAR infrared radiation
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ABSORPTION
N1  - Accession Number: 85001443; Knyazikhin, Yuri 1; Email Address: jknjazi@bu.edu Schull, Mitchell A. 2 Stenberg, Pauline 3 Möttus, Matti 4 Rautiainen, Miina 3 Yan Yang 1 Marshak, Alexander 5 Latorre-Carmona, Pedro 6 Kaufmann, Robert K. 1 Lewis, Philip 7 Disney, Mathias I. 7 Vanderbilt, Vern 8 Davis, Anthony B. 9 Baret, Frédéric 10 Jacquemoud, Stéphane 11 Lyapustin, Alexei 5 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215  2: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705  3: Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Fl-00014, Helsinki, Finland  4: Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Fl-00014, Helsinki, Finland  5: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Code 613, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771  6: Departamento de Lenguajes y Sistemas Informáticos, Universidad Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, Spain  7: Department of Geography and National Centre for Earth Observation, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom  8: Biospheric Science Branch, Earth Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109  10: Unité Mixte de Recherche 1114 Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystemes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon, France  11: Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris - Sorbonne Paris Cite, Université Paris Diderot, Unité Mixte de Recherche Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7154, 75013 Paris, France; Source Info: 1/15/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 3, p811; Subject Term: LEAVES -- Composition; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NEAR infrared radiation; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1210196109
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85001443&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henney, William J.
AU  - Garc'ıa-D'ıaz, Ma. T.
AU  - O'Dell, C. R.
AU  - Rubin, Robert H.
T1  - Mapping the complex kinematics of LL objects in the Orion nebula.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/01/21/
VL  - 428
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 691
EP  - 711
SN  - 00358711
AB  - LL Orionis-type objects (LL objects) are hyperbolic bowshocks visible around young stars in the outer Orion nebula, many of which are also associated with curved, highly collimated jets. The bowshocks are clearly due to the supersonic interaction between an outflow from the young star and an environmental flow from the core of the nebula, but the exact nature of these flows has not yet been established. We present the first high-resolution optical spectra of two of these objects, LL 1 and LL 2, together with their associated Herbig-Haro (HH) jets, HH 888 and HH 505.We combine multiple long-slit echelle spectra in the Ha 6563Å and [N II] 6584Å lines to produce velocity maps of the two objects at a resolution of 4 arcsec × 2 arcsec × 11 km s-1. The gas motions within both stellar bowshocks are of rather low velocity (10-20 km s-1), but there are important differences between the two objects. LL 1 shows a high degree of symmetry, whereas LL 2 has very asymmetric kinematics that seem to follow velocity gradients in the surrounding nebula. We also measure the line-of-sight velocity for multiple knots in the HH 888 and HH 505 jets, and combine our spectroscopy with new and existing proper-motion measurements to reconstruct the three-dimensional kinematics of the jets. The knot motions in both jets are very similar: both flows are inclined at 40° to 60° from the plane of the sky, with exclusively redshifted knots to the north and exclusively blueshifted knots to the south. In both cases, one also sees a deceleration along the length of the jets, from >200 km s-1 close to the respective stars down to 100 km s-1 farther out. The marked contrasts that we find between the kinematics of the jets and the kinematics of the stellar bowshocks are evidence that the two phenomena are not causally related. Regular patterns in the dynamic ages of the HH 505 knots imply periodic ejections on three different time-scales: 50, 12 and 4 yr. We use line ratios and photometry to measure electron densities and excitation/ionization conditions in the stellar bowshocks and jet knots. The LL 1 bowshock has a bright inner shell with density 3000 cm-3 (compared with a local nebula density of 1000 cm-3) and line ratios that are consistent with equilibrium photoionization models. The bowshock also has a fainter outer rim, where the line ratios show evidence of shock excitation. Many of the jet knots also show evidence for a shock contribution to their excitation and have densities from 1000 to 8000 cm-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis
KW  - HERBIG-Haro objects (Astronomy)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - ORION Nebula
KW  - Herbig-Haro objects - ISM
KW  - individual objects
KW  - jets and outflows
KW  - Orion nebula - ISM
KW  - spectroscopic -HII regions - ISM
KW  - techniques
N1  - Accession Number: 96520915; Henney, William J. 1 Garc'ıa-D'ıaz, Ma. T. 2 O'Dell, C. R. 3 Rubin, Robert H. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Radioastronom'ıa y Astrof'ısica, Universidad Nacional Aut'onoma de M'exico, Apartado Postal 3-72, 58090 Morelia, Michoac'an, Mexico  2: Instituto de Astronom'ıa, Universidad Nacional Aut'onoma de M'exico, Km 103 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, 22860 Ensenada, B.C., Mexico  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Box 1807-B, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  4: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  5: Orion Enterprises, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 428 Issue 3, p691; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis; Subject Term: HERBIG-Haro objects (Astronomy); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ACCELERATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: ORION Nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: Herbig-Haro objects - ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: individual objects; Author-Supplied Keyword: jets and outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orion nebula - ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopic -HII regions - ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 9 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/sts059
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96520915&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roth, D. J.
AU  - Rauser, R. W.
AU  - Bowman, R. R.
AU  - Bonacuse, P. J.
AU  - Martin, R. E.
AU  - Locci, I. E.
AU  - Kelley, M.
T1  - High resolution X-ray micro-CT of ultra-thin wall space components.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01/24/
VL  - 1511
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 595
EP  - 603
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A high resolution micro-CT system has been assembled and is being used to provide optimal characterization for ultra-thin wall space components. The Glenn Research Center NDE Sciences Team, using this CT system, has assumed the role of inspection vendor for the Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC) project at NASA. This article will discuss many aspects of the development of the CT scanning for this type of component, including CT system overview; inspection requirements; process development, software utilized and developed to visualize, process, and analyze results; calibration sample development; results on actual samples; correlation with optical/SEM characterization; CT modeling; and development of automatic flaw recognition software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85094116; Roth, D. J. 1 Rauser, R. W. 2 Bowman, R. R. 1 Bonacuse, P. J. 1 Martin, R. E. 3 Locci, I. E. 2 Kelley, M. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135,  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606-3390,  3: Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115,  4: NEURAL ID, 230 Twin Dolphin Drive, Suite D, Redwood City, CA 94065,; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 1511 Issue 1, p595; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 8 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4789101
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85094116&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, C. A. C.
AU  - Rogge, M. D.
AU  - Parker, F. R.
T1  - Microcracking in composite laminates: Simulation of crack-induced ultrasound attenuation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01/24/
VL  - 1511
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 947
EP  - 954
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Microcracking in composite laminates is a known precursor to the growth of inter-ply delaminations and larger scale damage. Microcracking can lead to the attenuation of ultrasonic waves due to the crack-induced scattering. 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT) has been implemented to explore the scattering of ultrasonic waves due to microcracks in anisotropic composite laminates. X-ray microfocus computed tomography data was directly input into the EFIT simulation for these purposes. The validated anisotropic 3D EFIT code is shown to be a useful tool for exploring the complex multiple-scattering which arises from extensive microcracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 85094096; Leckey, C. A. C. 1 Rogge, M. D. 1 Parker, F. R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 1511 Issue 1, p947; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4789146
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85094096&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Margetan, Frank J.
AU  - Leckey, Cara A.
AU  - Barnard, Dan
T1  - Modeling the effects of beam size and flaw morphology on ultrasonic pulse/echo sizing of delaminations in carbon composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01/24/
VL  - 1511
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 955
EP  - 962
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The size and shape of a delamination in a multi-layered structure can be estimated in various ways from an ultrasonic pulse/echo image. For example the -6dB contours of measured response provide one simple estimate of the boundary. More sophisticated approaches can be imagined where one adjusts the proposed boundary to bring measured and predicted UT images into optimal agreement. Such approaches require suitable models of the inspection process. In this paper we explore issues pertaining to model-based size estimation for delaminations in carbon fiber reinforced laminates. In particular we consider the influence on sizing when the delamination is non-planar or partially transmitting in certain regions. Two models for predicting broadband sonic time-domain responses are considered: (1) a fast 'simple' model using paraxial beam expansions and Kirchhoff and phase-screen approximations; and (2) the more exact (but computationally intensive) 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT). Model-to-model and model-to experiment comparisons are made for delaminations in uniaxial composite plates, and the simple model is then used to critique the -6dB rule for delamination sizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - ACOUSTIC imaging
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
N1  - Accession Number: 85094235; Margetan, Frank J. 1 Leckey, Cara A. 2 Barnard, Dan 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 1511 Issue 1, p955; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC imaging; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4789147
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85094235&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogge, M. D.
AU  - Leckey, C. A. C.
T1  - Local guided wavefield analysis for characterization of delaminations in composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01/24/
VL  - 1511
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 963
EP  - 970
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Delaminations in composite laminates resulting from impact events may be accompanied by minimal indication of damage at the surface. As such, inspection techniques are required to ensure defects are within allowable limits. Conventional ultrasonic scanning techniques have been shown to effectively characterize the size and depth of delaminations but require physical contact with the structure. Alternatively, a noncontact scanning laser vibrometer may be used to measure guided wave propagation in the laminate structure. A local Fourier domain analysis method is presented for processing guided wavefield data to estimate spatially-dependent wavenumber values, which can be used to determine delamination depth. The technique is applied to simulated wavefields and results are analyzed to determine limitations of the technique with regards to determining defect size and depth. Finally, experimental wavefield data obtained in quasi-isotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates with impact damage is analyzed and wavenumber is measured to an accuracy of 8.5% in the region of shallow delaminations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - ULTRASONIC imaging
KW  - LASER Doppler vibrometer
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
N1  - Accession Number: 85094081; Rogge, M. D. 1 Leckey, C. A. C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 1511 Issue 1, p963; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: ULTRASONIC imaging; Subject Term: LASER Doppler vibrometer; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4789148
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85094081&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Patrick H.
AU  - Appleget, Chelsea D.
AU  - Odarczenko, Michael T.
T1  - Characterization of delaminations and transverse matrix cracks in composite laminates using multiple-angle ultrasonic inspection.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01/24/
VL  - 1511
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1011
EP  - 1018
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Delaminations and transverse matrix cracks often appear concurrently in composite laminates. Normal-incidence ultrasound is excellent at detecting delaminations, but is not optimum for matrix cracks. Non-normal incidence, or polar backscattering, has been shown to optimally detect matrix cracks oriented perpendicular to the ultrasonic plane of incidence. In this work, a series of six composite laminates containing slots were loaded in tension to achieve various levels of delamination and ply cracking. Ultrasonic backscattering was measured over a range of incident polar and azimuthal angles, in order to characterize the relative degree of damage of the two types. Sweptpolar-angle measurements were taken with a curved phased array, as a step toward an array-based approach to simultaneous measurement of combined flaws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - ULTRASONIC testing
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - AZIMUTH
N1  - Accession Number: 85094067; Johnston, Patrick H. 1 Appleget, Chelsea D. 2 Odarczenko, Michael T. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  2: Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 and Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars (LARSS) Program,  3: University of Illinois, Champaigne, IL 61820 and Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholars (LARSS) Program,; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 1511 Issue 1, p1011; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC testing; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs, 4 Diagrams, 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4789154
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85094067&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Simpson, John
AU  - Wallace, Terryl
AU  - Newman, Andy
AU  - Leser, Paul
AU  - Lahue, Rob
T1  - Electromagnetic characterization of metallic sensory alloy.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01/24/
VL  - 1511
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1547
EP  - 1554
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy (FSMA) particles undergo changes in both electromagnetic properties and crystallographic structure when strained. When embedded in a structural material, these attributes can provide sensory output of the strain state of the structure. In this work, a detailed characterization of the electromagnetic properties of a FSMA under development for sensory applications is performed. In addition, a new eddy current probe is used to interrogate the electromagnetic properties of individual FSMA particles embedded in the sensory alloy during controlled fatigue tests on the multifunctional material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - FERROMAGNETISM
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - BUILDING materials
KW  - EDDY current testing
N1  - Accession Number: 85094128; Wincheski, Buzz 1 Simpson, John 2 Wallace, Terryl 1 Newman, Andy 1 Leser, Paul 3 Lahue, Rob 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  2: Northrop Grumman, Hampton, VA 23681,  3: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695,  4: Elon University, Elon, NC 27244,; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 1511 Issue 1, p1547; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: BUILDING materials; Subject Term: EDDY current testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416310 General-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4789226
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85094128&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Meng-Chou
T1  - Pressure effects on the temperature sensitivity of fiber Bragg gratings.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/01/24/
VL  - 1511
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1570
EP  - 1577
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A 3-dimensional physical model was developed to relate the wavelength shifts resulting from temperature changes of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) to the thermal expansion coefficients, Young's moduli of optical fibers, and thicknesses of coating polymers. Using this model the Bragg wavelength shifts were calculated and compared with the measured wavelength shifts of FBGs with various coating thickness for a finite temperature range. There was a discrepancy between the calculated and measured wavelength shifts. This was attributed to the refractive index change of the fiber core by the thermally induced radial pressure. To further investigate the pressure effects, a small diametric load was applied to a FBG and Bragg wavelength shifts were measured over a temperature range of 4.2 to 300K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRAGG gratings
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - OPTICAL fibers
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - REFRACTIVE index
N1  - Accession Number: 85094027; Wu, Meng-Chou 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, Virginia 23681-219,; Source Info: Jan2013, Vol. 1511 Issue 1, p1570; Subject Term: BRAGG gratings; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: OPTICAL fibers; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4789229
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85094027&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Tian-Bing
AU  - Tolliver, Laura
AU  - Jiang, Xiaoning
AU  - Su, Ji
T1  - A single crystal lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate multilayer-stacked cryogenic flextensional actuator.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/01/28/
VL  - 102
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 042906
EP  - 042906-4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A '33' mode single crystal lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate flextensional actuator with large displacement, high load capability, and broad bandwidth was designed, prototyped, and evaluated at temperatures ranging from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures. Measuring 27.4 × 10 × 13.6 mm (height) overall and weighing 9.2 g, the actuator generates a 96.5 μm displacement in the Z-direction at 170 Vrms. The level of displacement remained constant under compressive loads up to 5 kg force. The actuator maintains 66% of its room temperature displacement at -196 °C. The measured displacements matched well with those modeled using ANSYS finite element analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SINGLE crystals -- Electric properties
KW  - LEAD magnesium niobate
KW  - LEAD titanate
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - ACTUATORS
N1  - Accession Number: 85248519; Xu, Tian-Bing 1 Tolliver, Laura 2 Jiang, Xiaoning 2 Su, Ji 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, Virginia 23666,  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695,  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: 1/28/2013, Vol. 102 Issue 4, p042906; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals -- Electric properties; Subject Term: LEAD magnesium niobate; Subject Term: LEAD titanate; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4790142
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panesi, Marco
AU  - Jaffe, Richard L.
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Magin, Thierry E.
T1  - Rovibrational internal energy transfer and dissociation of N2(1Σg+)-N(4Su) system in hypersonic flows.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2013/01/28/
VL  - 138
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 044312
EP  - 044312-16
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A rovibrational collisional model is developed to study energy transfer and dissociation of N2(1Σg+) molecules interacting with N(4Su) atoms in an ideal isochoric and isothermal chemical reactor. The system examined is a mixture of molecular nitrogen and a small amount of atomic nitrogen. This mixture, initially at room temperature, is heated by several thousands of degrees Kelvin, driving the system toward a strong non-equilibrium condition. The evolution of the population densities of each individual rovibrational level is explicitly determined via the numerical solution of the master equation for temperatures ranging from 5000 to 50 000 K. The reaction rate coefficients are taken from an ab initio database developed at NASA Ames Research Center. The macroscopic relaxation times, energy transfer rates, and dissociation rate coefficients are extracted from the solution of the master equation. The computed rotational-translational (RT) and vibrational-translational (VT) relaxation times are different at low heat bath temperatures (e.g., RT is about two orders of magnitude faster than VT at T = 5000 K), but they converge to a common limiting value at high temperature. This is contrary to the conventional interpretation of thermal relaxation in which translational and rotational relaxation timescales are assumed comparable with vibrational relaxation being considerable slower. Thus, this assumption is questionable under high temperature non-equilibrium conditions. The exchange reaction plays a very significant role in determining the dynamics of the population densities. The macroscopic energy transfer and dissociation rates are found to be slower when exchange processes are neglected. A macroscopic dissociation rate coefficient based on the quasi-stationary distribution, exhibits excellent agreement with experimental data of Appleton et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 48, 599-608 (1968)]. However, at higher temperatures, only about 50% of dissociation is found to take place under quasi-stationary state conditions. This suggest the necessity of explicitly including some rovibrational levels, when solving a global kinetic rate equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - INTERNAL energy (Thermodynamics)
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - COLLISIONS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 85208986; Panesi, Marco 1 Jaffe, Richard L. 2 Schwenke, David W. 2 Magin, Thierry E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S. Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801,  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  3: Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, chaussée de Waterloo 72, 1640 Rhode-Saint-Genèse,; Source Info: 1/28/2013, Vol. 138 Issue 4, p044312; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: INTERNAL energy (Thermodynamics); Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: GAS flow; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 21 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4774412
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bergin, Edwin A.
AU  - Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
AU  - Gorti, Uma
AU  - Zhang, Ke
AU  - Blake, Geoffrey A.
AU  - Green, Joel D.
AU  - Andrews, Sean M.
AU  - Evans II, Neal J.
AU  - Henning, Thomas
AU  - Öberg, Karin
AU  - Pontoppidan, Klaus
AU  - Qi, Chunhua
AU  - Salyk, Colette
AU  - van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
T1  - An old disk still capable of forming a planetary system.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2013/01/31/
VL  - 493
IS  - 7434
M3  - Article
SP  - 644
EP  - 646
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - From the masses of the planets orbiting the Sun, and the abundance of elements relative to hydrogen, it is estimated that when the Solar System formed, the circumstellar disk must have had a minimum mass of around 0.01 solar masses within about 100 astronomical units of the star. (One astronomical unit is the Earth-Sun distance.) The main constituent of the disk, gaseous molecular hydrogen, does not efficiently emit radiation from the disk mass reservoir, and so the most common measure of the disk mass is dust thermal emission and lines of gaseous carbon monoxide. Carbon monoxide emission generally indicates properties of the disk surface, and the conversion from dust emission to gas mass requires knowledge of the grain properties and the gas-to-dust mass ratio, which probably differ from their interstellar values. As a result, mass estimates vary by orders of magnitude, as exemplified by the relatively old (3-10?million years) star TW?Hydrae, for which the range is 0.0005-0.06 solar masses. Here we report the detection of the fundamental rotational transition of hydrogen deuteride from the direction of TW?Hydrae. Hydrogen deuteride is a good tracer of disk gas because it follows the distribution of molecular hydrogen and its emission is sensitive to the total mass. The detection of hydrogen deuteride, combined with existing observations and detailed models, implies a disk mass of more than 0.05 solar masses, which is enough to form a planetary system like our own. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
N1  - Accession Number: 85248293; Bergin, Edwin A. 1 Cleeves, L. Ilsedore 1 Gorti, Uma 2 Zhang, Ke 3 Blake, Geoffrey A. 4 Green, Joel D. 5 Andrews, Sean M. 6 Evans II, Neal J. 5 Henning, Thomas 7 Öberg, Karin 6 Pontoppidan, Klaus 8 Qi, Chunhua 6 Salyk, Colette 9 van Dishoeck, Ewine F. 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA  2: 1] SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043, USA [2] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: California Institute of Technology, Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, MS 150-21, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  4: California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, MS 150-21, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1402, Austin, Texas 78712, USA  6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  7: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  8: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA  9: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA  10: 1] Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany [2] Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Source Info: 1/31/2013, Vol. 493 Issue 7434, p644; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11805
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85248293&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Les
AU  - Meyer, Michael
AU  - Palaszewski, Bryan
AU  - Coote, David
AU  - Goebel, Dan
AU  - White, Harold
T1  - Development priorities for in-space propulsion technologies
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 82
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 148
EP  - 152
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: During the summer of 2010, NASA''s Office of Chief Technologist assembled 15 civil service teams to support the creation of a NASA integrated technology roadmap. The Aero-Space Technology Area Roadmap is an integrated set of technology area roadmaps recommending the overall technology investment strategy and prioritization for NASA''s technology programs. The integrated set of roadmaps will provide technology paths needed to meet NASA''s strategic goals. The roadmaps have been reviewed by senior NASA management and the National Research Council. With the exception of electric propulsion systems used for commercial communications satellite station-keeping and a handful of deep space science missions, almost all of the rocket engines in use today are chemical rockets; that is, they obtain the energy needed to generate thrust by combining reactive chemicals to create a hot gas that is expanded to produce thrust. A significant limitation of chemical propulsion is that it has a relatively low specific impulse. Numerous concepts for advanced propulsion technologies with significantly higher values of specific impulse have been developed over the past 50 years. Advanced in-space propulsion technologies will enable much more effective exploration of our solar system, near and far, and will permit mission designers to plan missions to “fly anytime, anywhere, and complete a host of science objectives at the destinations” with greater reliability and safety. With a wide range of possible missions and candidate propulsion technologies with very diverse characteristics, the question of which technologies are ‘best’ for future missions is a difficult one. A portfolio of technologies to allow optimum propulsion solutions for a diverse set of missions and destinations are described in the roadmap and herein. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - ROAD maps
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - INVESTMENT policy
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Chemical propulsion
KW  - Electric propulsion
KW  - In-space propulsion
KW  - Propulsion technology roadmap
KW  - Solar sail propulsion
KW  - Tether propulsion
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 84360101; Johnson, Les 1; Email Address: c.les.johnson@nasa.gov Meyer, Michael 2 Palaszewski, Bryan 2 Coote, David 3 Goebel, Dan 4 White, Harold 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA George C, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: NASA Stennis Space Center, Mississippi 39529, USA  4: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109, USA  5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 82 Issue 2, p148; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: ROAD maps; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Subject Term: INVESTMENT policy; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-space propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion technology roadmap; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar sail propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tether propulsion; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panda, J.
AU  - Burnside, N. J.
AU  - Fong, R. K.
AU  - Ross, J. C.
AU  - James, G. H.
AU  - Fogt, V. A.
T1  - Heated Helium to Simulate Surface Pressure Fluctuations Created by Rocket Motor Plumes.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 302
EP  - 314
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The solid-rocket plumes from the abort motor of the multipurpose crew vehicle were simulated using hot, high-pressure, helium gas to determine pressure fluctuations on the vehicle surface in the event of an abort. About 80 different abort situations over a Mach number range of 0.3 to 1.2, and vehicle attitudes of ±14 deg, were simulated using a 6% scaled model inside the NASA Ames Transonic Wind Tunnel. The test showed very high level of surface pressure fluctuations caused by the hydrodynamic near-field of the plume shear layer. The plumes grew in size with increasing flight Mach number, which was associated with a lowering of the ambient pressure. This caused an increase of plume impingement on the vehicle. Interestingly, the trend was a decrease in the level of pressure fluctuations with increasing impingement. The wind-tunnel data were compared against flight data from the Pad Abort 1 flight test. Despite various differences between the transient-flight situation and the steady-state wind-tunnel simulations, the hot-helium data were found to replicate Pad Abort 1 fairly reasonably. The data gathered from this one-of-a-kind wind-tunnel test fills a gap in the manned-space programs, and will be used to establish the acoustic environment for vibro-acoustic qualification of the multipurpose crew vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
N1  - Accession Number: 85866649; Panda, J. 1 Burnside, N. J. 1 Fong, R. K. 1 Ross, J. C. 1 James, G. H. 2 Fogt, V. A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p302; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051485
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85866649&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Russell, Daniel A.
AU  - Junell, Justin
AU  - Ludwigsen, Daniel O.
T1  - Vector acoustic intensity around a tuning fork.
JO  - American Journal of Physics
JF  - American Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 81
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 103
SN  - 00029505
AB  - The acoustic intensity vector field around a tuning fork is investigated. Theory for a longitudinal quadrupole source predicts a well-defined transition between near-field and far-field, with significant circulation of sound energy in the near-field. Vector components of the time-averaged intensity were measured using a two-microphone intensity probe and found to agree well with predictions from theory. The vector intensity map is interpreted, and shown to provide useful information about the near-field of an acoustic source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physics is the property of American Association of Physics Teachers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC intensity method
KW  - TUNING forks
KW  - VECTOR fields
KW  - QUADRUPOLES
KW  - NEAR-fields
N1  - Accession Number: 85518304; Russell, Daniel A. 1; Email Address: russell@engr.psu.edu Junell, Justin 2,3 Ludwigsen, Daniel O. 2; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Program in Acoustics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802  2: Physics Department, Kettering University, Flint, Michigan 48504  3: NASA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 81 Issue 2, p99; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC intensity method; Subject Term: TUNING forks; Subject Term: VECTOR fields; Subject Term: QUADRUPOLES; Subject Term: NEAR-fields; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339992 Musical Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1119/1.4769784
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verkhoglyadova, O. P.
AU  - Tsurutani, B. T.
AU  - Mannucci, A. J.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
AU  - Hunt, L. A.
AU  - Runge, T.
T1  - Variability of ionospheric TEC during solar and geomagnetic minima (2008 and 2009): external high speed stream drivers.
JO  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
JF  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 276
SN  - 09927689
AB  - We study solar wind-ionosphere coupling through the late declining phase/solar minimum and geomagnetic minimum phases during the last solar cycle (SC23) - 2008 and 2009. This interval was characterized by sequences of high-speed solar wind streams (HSSs). The concomitant geomagnetic response was moderate geomagnetic storms and high-intensity, long-duration continuous auroral activity (HILDCAA) events. The JPL Global Ionospheric Map (GIM) software and the GPS total electron content (TEC) database were used to calculate the vertical TEC (VTEC) and estimate daily averaged values in separate latitude and local time ranges. Our results show distinct low- and midlatitude VTEC responses to HSSs during this interval, with the low-latitude daytime daily averaged values increasing by up to 33 TECU (annual average of ~20 TECU) near local noon (12:00 to 14:00 LT) in 2008. In 2009 during the minimum geomagnetic activity (MGA) interval, the response to HSSs was a maximum of ~30 TECU increases with a slightly lower average value than in 2008. There was a weak nighttime ionospheric response to the HSSs. A well-studied solar cycle declining phase interval, 10-22 October 2003, was analyzed for comparative purposes, with daytime lowlatitude VTEC peak values of up to ~58 TECU (event average of ~55 TECU). The ionospheric VTEC changes during 2008-2009 were similar but ~60% less intense on average. There is an evidence of correlations of filtered daily averaged VTEC data with Ap index and solar wind speed. We use the infrared NO and CO2 emission data obtained with SABER on TIMED as a proxy for the radiation balance of the thermosphere. It is shown that infrared emissions increase during HSS events possibly due to increased energy input into the auroral region associated with HILDCAAs. The 2008-2009 HSS intervals were ~85% less intense than the 2003 early declining phase event, with annual averages of daily infrared NO emission power of ~3.3 × 1010W and 2.7 × 1010W in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The roles of disturbance dynamos caused by high-latitude winds (due to particle precipitation and Joule heating in the auroral zones) and of prompt penetrating electric fields (PPEFs) in the solar wind-ionosphere coupling during these intervals are discussed. A correlation between geoeffective interplanetary electric field components and HSS intervals is shown. Both PPEF and disturbance dynamo mechanisms could play important roles in solar wind-ionosphere coupling during prolonged (up to days) external driving within HILDCAA intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annales Geophysicae (09927689) is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - IONOSPHERE
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - Ionosphere (Ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; Ionospheric disturbances)
KW  - Magnetospheric physics (Storms and substorms)
N1  - Accession Number: 85943997; Verkhoglyadova, O. P. 1,2; Email Address: olga.verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov Tsurutani, B. T. 1 Mannucci, A. J. 1 Mlynczak, M. G. 3 Hunt, L. A. 4 Runge, T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: Center for Space and Aeronomy Research, UAH, Huntsville, AL, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Sciences Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 31 Issue 2, p263; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: WIND speed; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere (Ionosphere-magnetosphere interactions; Ionospheric disturbances); Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetospheric physics (Storms and substorms); Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/angeo-31-263-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wei, Chenyu
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
T1  - Permeation of Aldopentoses and Nucleosides Through Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Membranes: Implications to the Origins of Life.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 13
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 188
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Permeation of aldopentoses and nucleosides through fatty acid and phospholipid membranes was investigated by way of molecular dynamics simulations. Calculated permeability coefficients of membranes to aldopentoses, which exist predominantly in the pyranose form, are in a very good agreement with experimental results. The unexpected preferential permeation of ribose, compared to its diastereomers, found by Sacerdote and Szostak, is explained in terms of inter- and intramolecular interactions involving hydroxyl groups. In aqueous solution, these groups favor the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds with neighboring water molecules. Inside the membrane, however, they form intramolecular hydrogen bonds, which in ribose are arranged in a chain. In its diastereomers this chain is broken, which yields higher free energy barrier to transfer through membranes. Faster permeation of ribose would lead to its preferential accumulation inside cells if sugars were converted sufficiently quickly to nonpermeable derivatives. An estimate for the rate of such reaction was derived. Preferential accumulation of ribose would increase the probability of correct monomers' incorporation during synthesis of nucleic acids inside protocells. The same mechanism does not apply to nucleosides or their activated derivatives because sugars are locked in the furanose form, which contains fewer exocyclic hydroxyl groups than does pyranose. The results of this study underscore concerted early evolution of membranes and the biochemical processes that they encapsulated. Key Words: Ribose-Aldopentoses-Nucleosides-Membrane permeability-Protocells. Astrobiology 13, 177-188. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEOSIDES
KW  - FATTY acids
KW  - PHOSPHOLIPIDS
KW  - LIPID membranes
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - RIBOSE
N1  - Accession Number: 90251898; Wei, Chenyu 1,2 Pohorille, Andrew 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p177; Subject Term: NUCLEOSIDES; Subject Term: FATTY acids; Subject Term: PHOSPHOLIPIDS; Subject Term: LIPID membranes; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: RIBOSE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2012.0901
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Silva Aguirre, V.
AU  - Casagrande, L.
AU  - Basu, S.
AU  - Campante, T. L.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Miglio, A.
AU  - Serenelli, A. M.
AU  - KASC WG#1
T1  - Determining distances using asteroseismic methods.
JO  - Astronomische Nachrichten
JF  - Astronomische Nachrichten
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 334
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 25
SN  - 00046337
AB  - Asteroseismology has been extremely successful in determining the properties of stars in different evolutionary stages with a remarkable level of precision. However, to fully exploit its potential, robust methods for estimating stellar parameters are required and independent verification of the results is needed. In this talk, I present a new technique developed to obtain stellar properties by coupling asteroseismic analysis with the infrared flux method. Using two global seismic observables and multi-band photometry, the technique determines masses, radii, effective temperatures, bolometric fluxes, and thus distances for field stars in a self-consistent manner. Applying our method to a sample of solar-like oscillators in the Kepler field that have accurate Hipparcos parallaxes, we find agreement in our distance determinations to better than 5 %. Comparison with measurements of spectroscopic effective temperatures and interferometric radii also validate our results, and show that our technique can be applied to stars evolved beyond the main-sequence phase. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomische Nachrichten is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - stars: distances
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 85318054; Silva Aguirre, V. 1,2 Casagrande, L. 3 Basu, S. 4 Campante, T. L. 5,6 Chaplin, W. J. 1,6 Huber, D. 7 Miglio, A. 6 Serenelli, A. M. 8 KASC WG#1; Affiliation:  1: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  2: Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany  3: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, The Australian National University, ACT 2611, Australia  4: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  5: Centro de Astrofísica and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  6: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (CSIC-IEEC), Facultad de Ciències, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 334 Issue 1/2, p22; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: distances; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/asna.201211774
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grellmann, R.
AU  - Preibisch, T.
AU  - Ratzka, T.
AU  - Kraus, S.
AU  - Helminiak, K. G.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
T1  - The multiplicity of massive stars in the Orion Nebula Cluster as seen with long-baseline interferometry.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 550
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The characterization of multiple stellar systems is an important ingredient for testing current star formation models. Stars are more often found in multiple systems, the more massive they are. A complete knowledge of the multiplicity of high-mass stars over the full range of orbit separations is thus essential to understand their still debated formation process. Aims. Infrared long baseline interferometry is very well suited to close the gap between spectroscopic and adaptive optics searches. Observations of the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC) in general and the Trapezium Cluster in particular can help to answer the question about the origin and evolution of multiple stars. Earlier studies provide a good knowledge about the multiplicity of the stars at very small (spectroscopic companions) and large separations (AO, speckle companions) and thus make the ONC a good target for such a project. Methods. We used the near infrared interferometric instrument AMBER at ESOs Very Large Telescope Interferometer to observe a sample of bright stars in the ONC.We complement our data set by archival NACO observations of θ1 Ori A to obtain more information about the orbit of the close visual companion. Results. Our observations resolve the known multiple systems θ1 Ori C and θ1 Ori A and provide new orbit points, which confirm the predicted orbit and the determined stellar parameters for θ1 Ori C. Combining AMBER and NACO data for θ1 Ori A we were able to follow the (orbital) motion of the companion from 2003 to 2011. We furthermore find hints for a companion around θ1 Ori D, whose existence has been suggested already before, and a previously unknown companion to NU Ori. With a probability of ∼90% we can exclude further companions with masses of ⩾3 M° around our sample stars for separations between ∼2 mas and ∼110 mas. Conclusions. We conclude that the companion around θ1 Ori A is most likely physically related to the primary star and not only a chance projected star. The newly discovered possible companions further increase the multiplicity in the ONC. For our sample of two O and three B-type stars we find on average 2.5 known companions per primary, which is around five times more than for low-mass stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - ORION Nebula
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - techniques: interferometric
N1  - Accession Number: 85388412; Grellmann, R. 1; Email Address: rgrellma@eso.org Preibisch, T. 1 Ratzka, T. 1 Kraus, S. 2 Helminiak, K. G. 3,4 Zinnecker, H. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Universitäts-Sternwarte, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany  2: University of Michigan, Department of Astronomy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1090, USA  3: Departamento de Astronoma y Astrofisica, Pontificia Universidad Catlica de Chile, Av. Vicua Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile  4: Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Department of Astrophysics,ul. Rabia'nska 8, 87-100 Torun, Poland  5: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universität Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 550, p1; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: ORION Nebula; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: massive; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: interferometric; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201220192
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mecikalski, John R.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
T1  - Use of satellite derived cloud properties to quantify growing cumulus beneath cirrus clouds
JO  - Atmospheric Research
JF  - Atmospheric Research
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 120-121
M3  - Article
SP  - 192
EP  - 201
SN  - 01698095
AB  - Abstract: The accurate prediction of convective cloud development in advance of thunderstorm formation (so‐called “convective initiation,” CI) is a challenging forecast problem, one in which the processing of 5–15min interval imagery from geostationary satellites (e.g., Meteosat Second Generation) offers considerable promise. A present drawback to using sequences of visible or infrared (IR) satellite images to monitor growing cumulus clouds is that higher altitude cirrus clouds often obscure the view of the low‐level cumulus in the pre‐convective environment. In particular, cirrus anvils from pre‐existing convection, and cirrus caused by deep layer quasi‐geostrophic ascent, are very common in pre‐CI environments. Cloud derived parameters from GOES are used here to demonstrate how quantities like visible optical depth (τ), emittance, liquid water path, and effective particle size can be used to quantify cumulus cloud growth in advance of CI. Time rates of change of these derived quantities, as well as IR interest fields that describe cumulus cloud development rates beneath cirrus, are analyzed as τ of the cirrus are binned from 1 to >50. Results confirm that if cirrus possess τ <20, up to >90% of the “signal” in the IR interest field remains, compared to clear‐sky values, and it is proposed that CI can still be adequately nowcasted using IR channel data similar to what is done in the absence of cirrus. Similarly, cloud derived parameters become valuable as their time rates of change measure cumulus cloud growth beneath the higher clouds. In contrast, once τ values increase beyond ∼20, cumulus cloud growth signals decrease significantly through cirrus, and as τ becomes >40, little information from the cumulus remains. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - ALTITUDES
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - Convective initiation
KW  - Cumulus clouds
KW  - GOES derived cloud properties
KW  - Infrared observations
N1  - Accession Number: 83928691; Mecikalski, John R. 1; Email Address: john.mecikalski@nsstc.uah.edu Minnis, Patrick 2 Palikonda, Rabindra 3; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, NSSTC, 320 Sparkman Drive, Huntsville, AL 35805‐1912, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 120-121, p192; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ALTITUDES; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective initiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cumulus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES derived cloud properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.08.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vescovini, R.
AU  - Dávila, C.G.
AU  - Bisagni, C.
T1  - Failure analysis of composite multi-stringer panels using simplified models
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 939
EP  - 951
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: The postbuckling response and failure of multi-stringer panels is analyzed using finite element models with three levels of approximation. The first model is based on a relatively coarse mesh to capture the global postbuckling response of a multi-stringer panel. The second model can predict the nonlinear response as well as the debonding and crippling failure mechanisms in a Single Stringer Compression Specimen (SSCS). The third model consists of a simplified version of the SSCS that is designed to minimize the computational effort. The simplified model is well-suited to perform sensitivity analyses for studying the phenomena that lead to structural collapse. In particular, the simplified model is used to obtain a deeper understanding of the role played by geometric and material modeling parameters such as mesh size and interlaminar strength. Finally, a global/local damage analysis method is proposed in which a detailed local model is used to scan the global model and identify the locations that are most critical for damage tolerance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NONLINEAR analysis
KW  - C. Computational modeling
KW  - C. Damage mechanics
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
N1  - Accession Number: 83450473; Vescovini, R. 1 Dávila, C.G. 2 Bisagni, C. 1; Email Address: chiara.bisagni@polimi.it; Affiliation:  1: Politecnico di Milano, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Milano, Italy  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 45 Issue 1, p939; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NONLINEAR analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.07.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Samuelsen, G.
AU  - Brouwer, J.
AU  - Vardakas, M.
AU  - Holdeman, J.
T1  - Experimental and modeling investigation of the effect of air preheat on the formation of NO in an RQL combustor.
JO  - Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
EP  - 231
SN  - 09477411
AB  - The Rich-burn/Quick-mix/Lean-burn (RQL) combustor concept has been proposed to minimize the formation of oxides of nitrogen (NO) in gas turbine systems. The success of this low-NO combustor strategy is dependent upon the links between the formation of NO, inlet air preheat temperature, and the mixing of the jet air and fuel-rich streams. Chemical equilibrium and kinetics modeling calculations and experiments were performed to further understand NO emissions in an RQL combustor. The results indicate that as the temperature at the inlet to the mixing zone increases (due to preheating and/or operating conditions) the fuel-rich zone equivalence ratio must be increased to achieve minimum NO formation in the primary zone of the combustor. The chemical kinetics model illustrates that there is sufficient residence time to produce NO at concentrations that agree well with the NO measurements. Air preheat was found to have very little effect on mixing, but preheating the air did increase NO emissions significantly. By understanding the mechanisms governing NO formation and the temperature dependence of key reactions in the RQL combustor, a strategy can be devised to further reduce NO emissions using the RQL concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - GREENHOUSE gas mitigation
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
N1  - Accession Number: 85011604; Samuelsen, G. 1 Brouwer, J. 1 Vardakas, M. Holdeman, J. 2; Email Address: jjdholdeman@aol.com; Affiliation:  1: UCI Combustion Laboratory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine 92697-3550 USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland 44135 USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p219; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gas mitigation; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00231-012-1080-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wohl, Christopher J.
AU  - Chen, Lillian
AU  - Lin, Yi
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - Low friction, elastomer-containing copolyimides.
JO  - High Performance Polymers
JF  - High Performance Polymers
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 12
SN  - 09540083
AB  - Novel copoly(imide butadiene)s and copoly(imide butadiene acrylonitrile)s were synthesized from amine-terminated butadiene oligomers, amine-terminated butadiene acrylonitrile oligomers, and aromatic dianhydrides and diamines. The copoly(amide acid)s were synthesized in a mixture of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and toluene and were subsequently cast into thin films. The films were cyclodehydrated under a nitrogen atmosphere with a final cure at 250°C to minimize thermal degradation of the aliphatic components. Free-standing films of the copolymers exhibited reduced optical transparency, mechanical properties, water contact angle values, and sliding coefficients of friction when compared with homopolyimide films. These results indicated both bulk and surface phase segregation. Surface phase segregation was observed using atomic force microscopic imaging and was related to insufficient elastomer wetting of the casting surface. The detailed results of this study are discussed herein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of High Performance Polymers is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - BUTADIENE -- Synthesis
KW  - AMINES
KW  - WETTING
KW  - THIN films
KW  - butadiene
KW  - domain formation
KW  - polyimide
KW  - Surface engineering
KW  - surface modifying agent
N1  - Accession Number: 84992963; Wohl, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: christopher.j.wohl@nasa.gov Chen, Lillian 2 Lin, Yi 3 Connell, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Langley Aerospace Research Summer Scholar (LARSS), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p3; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: BUTADIENE -- Synthesis; Subject Term: AMINES; Subject Term: WETTING; Subject Term: THIN films; Author-Supplied Keyword: butadiene; Author-Supplied Keyword: domain formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyimide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface modifying agent; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5426
L3  - 10.1177/0954008312454150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cure, David
AU  - Weller, Thomas M.
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
T1  - Study of a Low-Profile 2.4-GHz Planar Dipole Antenna Using a High-Impedance Surface With 1-D Varactor Tuning.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 61
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 506
EP  - 515
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - A theoretical and experimental study has been performed on a low-profile, 2.4-GHz dipole antenna that uses a frequency-selective surface (FSS) with varactor-tuned unit cells. The tunable unit cell is a square patch with a small aperture on either side to accommodate the varactor diodes. The varactors are placed only along one dimension to avoid the use of vias and simplify the dc bias network. An analytical circuit model for this type of electrically asymmetric unit cell is shown. The measured data demonstrate tunability from 2.15 to 2.63 GHz with peak gains at broadside that range from 3.7- to 5-dBi and instantaneous bandwidths of 50 to 280 MHz within the tuning range. It is shown that tuning for optimum performance in the presence of a human-core body phantom can be achieved. The total antenna thickness is approximately \lambda/45. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIPOLE antennas
KW  - ELECTRIC impedance
KW  - VARACTORS
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR diodes
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - FREQUENCY selective surfaces
KW  - Capacitance
KW  - Dipole antennas
KW  - Frequency selective surfaces
KW  - Frequency-selective surfaces (FSS)
KW  - Impedance
KW  - low-profile antenna
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - Substrates
KW  - varactor-tuned high-impedance surfaces (HIS)
KW  - Varactors
N1  - Accession Number: 85214628; Cure, David 1 Weller, Thomas M. 1 Miranda, Félix A. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 61 Issue 2, p506; Subject Term: DIPOLE antennas; Subject Term: ELECTRIC impedance; Subject Term: VARACTORS; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR diodes; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: FREQUENCY selective surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capacitance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipole antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency selective surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency-selective surfaces (FSS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Impedance; Author-Supplied Keyword: low-profile antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrates; Author-Supplied Keyword: varactor-tuned high-impedance surfaces (HIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Varactors; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2012.2223435
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85214628&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Expanded Characterization of the Common-Drain Amplifier Using Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 141
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 144
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Data is presented in this paper that was obtained using a metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor (MFSFET) in a common-drain amplifier configuration. The empirical data shown has been collected using larger drain voltages than previously seen, which helps to further understand and characterize the interesting operation of this amplifier circuit. The effects of varying different parameters such as load resistance, poling voltage, and input voltages of the amplifier circuit are examined. Differences between the MFSFET and MOSFET common-drain amplifier configurations are explored in-depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FERROELECTRIC materials
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS -- Research
KW  - FERROELECTRIC transitions
KW  - common-drain amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
KW  - metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor
KW  - MFFET
KW  - MFSFET
N1  - Accession Number: 87512641; Hunt, Mitchell 1 Sayyah, Rana 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Email Address: ho@ece.uah.edu; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville                  , Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering               ,                Huntsville               ,                Alabama               ,                35899               ,                USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration                  , Marshall Space Flight Center               ,                Huntsville               ,                Alabama               ,                35812               ,                USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 141 Issue 1, p134; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS -- Research; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC transitions; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-drain amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFSFET; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2013.780143
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87512641&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shahriar, Abu Zafar M.
AU  - Atiquzzaman, Mohammed
AU  - Ivancic, William
T1  - Network Mobility in satellite networks: architecture and the protocol.
JO  - International Journal of Communication Systems
JF  - International Journal of Communication Systems
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 197
SN  - 10745351
AB  - SUMMARY Mobility management is required to ensure the session continuity for multiple Internet Protocol-enabled devices onboard a satellite that hands off between ground stations. Network Mobility (NEMO) can efficiently manage the mobility of multiple Internet Protocol-enabled devices that are connected as a mobile network. However, existing mobility management solutions for satellite networks are unable to route through intermediate satellites links when a direct connection with a ground station is lost. We proposed an architecture of NEMO in satellite networks with routing through multiple satellite links using nesting, where a mobile network connects to another mobile network. However, NEMO Basic Support Protocol can be inefficient in satellite networks because of poor nesting formation leading to the routing loop, inefficient routes, and overloaded links. We extended NEMO Basic Support Protocol for the efficient use in satellite networks by augmenting it with a decision criteria for the nesting. Results verify that the extended protocol ensures loop-free and continuous connection despite the loss of direct connection to the ground and provides an insight on how to form the nested NEMO to avoid overloading. The architecture and the extended NEMO protocol can be used for the efficient and continuous transfer of data from satellite networks to the ground. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Communication Systems is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - COMPUTER network protocols
KW  - INTERNET protocols
KW  - EARTH stations (Satellite telecommunication)
KW  - BIT rate (Telecommunication)
KW  - ROUTING (Computer network management)
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - architecture
KW  - basic protocol
KW  - Network Mobility
KW  - satellite networks
N1  - Accession Number: 85102144; Shahriar, Abu Zafar M. 1 Atiquzzaman, Mohammed 1 Ivancic, William 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma  2: Satellite Networks and Architectures Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p177; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: COMPUTER network protocols; Subject Term: INTERNET protocols; Subject Term: EARTH stations (Satellite telecommunication); Subject Term: BIT rate (Telecommunication); Subject Term: ROUTING (Computer network management); Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: basic protocol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Network Mobility; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite networks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 5 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/dac.1338
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zheng, Zhiming
AU  - Wang, Ping
AU  - Wang, Hongyan
AU  - Zhang, Xiangming
AU  - Wang, Minli
AU  - Cucinotta, Francis A.
AU  - Wang, Ya
T1  - Combining Heavy Ion Radiation and Artificial MicroRNAs to Target the Homologous Recombination Repair Gene Efficiently Kills Human Tumor Cells
JO  - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
JF  - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 85
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 466
EP  - 471
SN  - 03603016
AB  - Purpose: Previously, we demonstrated that heavy ions kill more cells at the same dose than X-rays because DNA-clustered lesions produced by heavy ions affect nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair but not homologous recombination repair (HRR). We have also shown that our designed artificial microRNAs (amiRs) could efficiently target XRCC4 (an essential factor for NHEJ) or XRCC2 (an essential factor for HRR) and sensitize human tumor cells to X-rays. Based on these data, we were interested in testing the hypothesis that combining heavy ions and amiRs to target HRR but not NHEJ should more efficiently kill human tumor cells. Methods and Materials: Human tumor cell lines (U87MG, a brain tumor cell line, and A549, a lung cancer cell line) and their counterparts, overexpressed with amiR to target XRCC2, XRCC4 or both, were used in this study. Survival sensitivities were examined using a clonogenic assay after these cells were exposed to X-rays or heavy ions. In addition, these cell lines were subcutaneously injected into nude mice to form xenografts and the tumor size was compared after the tumor areas were exposed to X-rays or heavy ions. Results: Although targeting either XRCC4 (NHEJ factor) or XRCC2 (HRR factor) sensitized the human tumor cells to X-rays, in vitro and the xenograft animal model, targeting only XRCC2 but not XRCC4 sensitized the human tumor cells to heavy ions in vitro and in the xenograft animal model. Conclusions: Combining heavy ions with targeting the HRR pathway, but not the NHEJ pathway, could significantly improve the efficiency of tumor cell death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - MICRORNA
KW  - HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes
KW  - GENETIC recombination
KW  - DNA repair
KW  - TUMORS -- Treatment
KW  - CANCER cells
N1  - Accession Number: 84743527; Zheng, Zhiming 1,2 Wang, Ping 2 Wang, Hongyan 2 Zhang, Xiangming 2 Wang, Minli 3 Cucinotta, Francis A. 4 Wang, Ya 2; Email Address: ywang94@emory.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China  2: Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, the Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia  3: Division of Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 85 Issue 2, p466; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: MICRORNA; Subject Term: HOMOLOGOUS chromosomes; Subject Term: GENETIC recombination; Subject Term: DNA repair; Subject Term: TUMORS -- Treatment; Subject Term: CANCER cells; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.04.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84743527&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hadley, Kristopher R.
AU  - Douglas, Marianne S. V.
AU  - Lim, Darlene
AU  - Smol, John P.
T1  - Diatom assemblages and limnological variables from 40 lakes and ponds on Bathurst Island and neighboring high Arctic islands Diatom assemblages and limnological variables from 40 lakes and ponds on Bathurst Island and neighboring high Arctic islands.
JO  - International Review of Hydrobiology
JF  - International Review of Hydrobiology
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 59
SN  - 14342944
AB  - We examined the influence of catchment geology, specifically differences in buffering capacity, on the limnological characteristics and surface sediment diatom assemblages from lakes and ponds from Bathurst Island, High Arctic Canada. Differences in buffering capacity exist on Bathurst Island due to a geological gradient that spans from carbonate-bearing limestone in the east, to more stable quartz sandstone, siltstone, and shale in the west. We collected physical and chemical limnological data, as well as surface sediment diatom assemblages from nine ponds on the poorly buffered western portion of the island and combined these observations with a previously published dataset of 31 lakes and ponds, from the well-buffered eastern region. The addition of these nine ponds expanded the pH gradient of the existing Bathurst Island dataset (pH 8.0-8.6) to pH 6.8-8.6. A regional, weighted average diatom-inferred pH model was developed and showed strength similar to other Arctic calibration sets ( [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Review of Hydrobiology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIATOMS
KW  - TRANSFER functions (Mathematics)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - ARCTIC regions
KW  - BATHURST Island (Nunavut)
KW  - Arctic
KW  - Bathurst Island
KW  - Diatoms
KW  - Paleolimnology
KW  - pH transfer function
N1  - Accession Number: 85604077; Hadley, Kristopher R. 1 Douglas, Marianne S. V. 2 Lim, Darlene 3 Smol, John P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biology, Queen's University, Paleoecological Environmental Assessment and Research Laboratory (PEARL)  2: Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Department, University of Alberta  3: NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Space Science and Astrobiology Division; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 98 Issue 1, p44; Subject Term: DIATOMS; Subject Term: TRANSFER functions (Mathematics); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions; Subject Term: BATHURST Island (Nunavut); Author-Supplied Keyword: Arctic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bathurst Island; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diatoms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paleolimnology; Author-Supplied Keyword: pH transfer function; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/iroh.201201449
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85604077&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Tweed, John
T1  - Reduced discretization error in HZETRN
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 234
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 229
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The deterministic particle transport code HZETRN is an efficient analysis tool for studying the effects of space radiation on humans, electronics, and shielding materials. In a previous work, numerical methods in the code were reviewed, and new methods were developed that further improved efficiency and reduced overall discretization error. It was also shown that the remaining discretization error could be attributed to low energy light ions (A < 4) with residual ranges smaller than the physical step-size taken by the code. Accurately resolving the spectrum of low energy light particles is important in assessing risk associated with astronaut radiation exposure. In this work, modifications to the light particle transport formalism are presented that accurately resolve the spectrum of low energy light ion target fragments. The modified formalism is shown to significantly reduce overall discretization error and allows a physical approximation to be removed. For typical step-sizes and energy grids used in HZETRN, discretization errors for the revised light particle transport algorithms are shown to be less than 4% for aluminum and water shielding thicknesses as large as 100g/cm2 exposed to both solar particle event and galactic cosmic ray environments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - Particle transport
KW  - Radiation exposure
KW  - Radiation transport
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 83660024; Slaba, Tony C. 1; Email Address: Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov Blattnig, Steve R. 1; Email Address: Steve.R.Blattnig@nasa.gov Tweed, John 2; Email Address: jtweed@odu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid St., MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Old Dominion University, Hampton Blvd., Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 234, p217; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.09.042
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83660024&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fisher, Travis C.
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
AU  - Nordström, Jan
AU  - Yamaleev, Nail K.
AU  - Swanson, Charles
T1  - Discretely conservative finite-difference formulations for nonlinear conservation laws in split form: Theory and boundary conditions
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 234
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
EP  - 375
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The Lax–Wendroff theorem stipulates that a discretely conservative operator is necessary to accurately capture discontinuities. The discrete operator, however, need not be derived from the divergence form of the continuous equations. Indeed, conservation law equations that are split into linear combinations of the divergence and product rule form and then discretized using any diagonal-norm skew-symmetric summation-by-parts (SBP) spatial operator, yield discrete operators that are conservative. Furthermore, split-form, discretely conservation operators can be derived for periodic or finite-domain SBP spatial operators of any order. Examples are presented of a fourth-order, SBP finite-difference operator with second-order boundary closures. Sixth- and eighth-order constructions are derived, and are supplied in an accompanying text file. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISCRETE systems
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - ENERGY conservation -- Law & legislation
KW  - FORMS (Mathematics)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - Conservation
KW  - High-order finite-difference methods
KW  - Lax–Wendroff
KW  - Numerical stability
KW  - Skew-symmetric
N1  - Accession Number: 83660031; Fisher, Travis C. 1,2; Email Address: travis.fisher@nasa.gov Carpenter, Mark H. 1; Email Address: mark.h.carpenter@nasa.gov Nordström, Jan 3; Email Address: jan.nordstrom@liu.se Yamaleev, Nail K. 4; Email Address: nkyamale@ncat.edu Swanson, Charles 5; Email Address: rcswanson11@yahoo.com; Affiliation:  1: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  3: Department of Mathematics, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden  4: Department of Mathematics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 234, p353; Subject Term: DISCRETE systems; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: ENERGY conservation -- Law & legislation; Subject Term: FORMS (Mathematics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order finite-difference methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lax–Wendroff; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skew-symmetric; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2012.09.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=83660031&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yim, K.
AU  - Yim, J.
T1  - Dynamic stability of a rotor with shear-flexible shaft under axial loads.
JO  - Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology
JF  - Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 366
SN  - 1738494X
AB  - The dynamic stability of shear-flexible rotating shaft with a disk under axial forces has been studied by employing the transfer matrix method. The conventional transfer matrix was modified to include both the applied axial force and the shear deformation. The shear effect is considered based on Engesser's and Haringx's buckling theories for shear-flexible beam. A computer program was developed to investigate the influence of both the axial force and the shear deformation on the stability and the natural frequencies of general rotor systems. Two rotor system models are considered: the overhung rotor with or without an intermediate support and the simply supported Jeffcott rotor. The effect of shear deformation and the difference between the Engesser and Haringx approaches increase with an intermediate support for an overhung rotor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Mechanical Science & Technology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DYNAMIC stability (Mechanics)
KW  - TRANSFER matrix
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - Axial force
KW  - Dynamic stability
KW  - Shear deformation
KW  - Transfer matrix method
N1  - Accession Number: 85896094; Yim, K. 1; Email Address: kbyim@dongyang.ac.kr Yim, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongyang Mirae University, Seoul 152-714 Korea  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 44135 USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p359; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DYNAMIC stability (Mechanics); Subject Term: TRANSFER matrix; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Axial force; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transfer matrix method; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s12206-013-0102-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85896094&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Fairlie, T. Duncan
AU  - Uno, Itsushi
AU  - Huang, Jingfeng
AU  - Wu, Dong
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Kar, Jayanta
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Rogers, Raymond
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Trepte, Charles
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Cheng, Anning
T1  - Transpacific transport and evolution of the optical properties of Asian dust
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 116
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 33
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Five years of CALIPSO lidar layer products are used to study transpacific transport of Asian dust. We focus on possible changes to dust intrinsic optical properties during the course of transport, with specific emphasis on changes to particulate depolarization ratio (PDR). PDR distributions for Asian dust transported across the Pacific are compared to previously reported PDR distributions for African dust transported across the Atlantic. African dust shows a slight decreasing trend in PDR during westward transport across the Atlantic during its most active long-range transport season in summer. Asian dust, on the other hand, shows some spatial variability in PDR over the Pacific during its most active long-range transport season in spring. The dust PDR is generally smaller over the ocean than over the Tarim basin and nearby downwind regions. PDR also shows a decreasing trend with latitude moving northward toward the Arctic, together with an increasing trend in the dust aerosol optical depth (AOD) when passing over polluted Asian regions. Possible explanations include (i) the mixing of dust externally or internally with other types of aerosol over the heavily developed industrial regions in East Asia, and (ii) the downstream mixing of dust plumes from different source regions (i.e., Tarim and Gobi). Dust from different source regions exhibits relatively large differences in PDR, with mean values of 0.34±0.07, 0.28±0.06, and 0.30±0.08, respectively, over the Tarim basin, Gobi Desert and Northwest African source regions. Different transport mechanisms are seen for African dust and Asian dust. Asian dust transport is originated by cold fronts and driven by westerly jets. In contrast, summer African transatlantic dust transport is driven by trade winds and is generally well confined in altitude in the free troposphere throughout the tropics and subtropics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOACTIVE aerosols
KW  - POLLUTION
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - INTRINSIC optical imaging
KW  - RADAR
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - TARIM Basin (China)
KW  - CHINA
KW  - EAST Asia
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Depolarization ratio
KW  - Dust
KW  - Dust transport
N1  - Accession Number: 84651821; Liu, Zhaoyan 1; Email Address: zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov Fairlie, T. Duncan 2 Uno, Itsushi 3 Huang, Jingfeng 4 Wu, Dong 5 Omar, Ali 2 Kar, Jayanta 1 Vaughan, Mark 2 Rogers, Raymond 2 Winker, David 2 Trepte, Charles 2 Hu, Yongxiang 2 Sun, Wenbo 1 Lin, Bing 2 Cheng, Anning 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan  4: NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, College Park, MD, USA  5: Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 116, p24; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE aerosols; Subject Term: POLLUTION; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: INTRINSIC optical imaging; Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: TARIM Basin (China); Subject Term: CHINA; Subject Term: EAST Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Depolarization ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust transport; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.11.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Chenxi
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Nasiri, Shaima L.
AU  - Platnick, Steven
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Heidinger, Andrew K.
AU  - Liu, Xu
T1  - A fast radiative transfer model for visible through shortwave infrared spectral reflectances in clear and cloudy atmospheres
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 116
M3  - Article
SP  - 122
EP  - 131
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: A computationally efficient radiative transfer model (RTM) for calculating visible (VIS) through shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectances is developed for use in satellite and airborne cloud property retrievals. The full radiative transfer equation (RTE) for combinations of cloud, aerosol, and molecular layers is solved approximately by using six independent RTEs that assume the plane-parallel approximation along with a single-scattering approximation for Rayleigh scattering. Each of the six RTEs can be solved analytically if the bidirectional reflectance/transmittance distribution functions (BRDF/BTDF) of the cloud/aerosol layers are known. The adding/doubling (AD) algorithm is employed to account for overlapped cloud/aerosol layers and non-Lambertian surfaces. Two approaches are used to mitigate the significant computational burden of the AD algorithm. First, the BRDF and BTDF of single cloud/aerosol layers are pre-computed using the discrete ordinates radiative transfer program (DISORT) implemented with 128 streams, and second, the required integral in the AD algorithm is numerically implemented on a twisted icosahedral mesh. A concise surface BRDF simulator associated with the MODIS land surface product (MCD43) is merged into a fast RTM to accurately account for non-isotropic surface reflectance. The resulting fast RTM is evaluated with respect to its computational accuracy and efficiency. The simulation bias between DISORT and the fast RTM is large (e.g., relative error >5%) only when both the solar zenith angle (SZA) and the viewing zenith angle (VZA) are large (i.e., SZA>45° and VZA>70°). For general situations, i.e., cloud/aerosol layers above a non-Lambertian surface, the fast RTM calculation rate is faster than that of the 128-stream DISORT by approximately two orders of magnitude. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRAL reflectance
KW  - RADIOACTIVE aerosols
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - TRANSMITTANCE (Physics)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Adding-doubling
KW  - Cloud remote sensing
KW  - Fast radiative transfer model
KW  - Non-Lambertian surface
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Twisted icosahedral mesh
N1  - Accession Number: 84651823; Wang, Chenxi 1; Email Address: chenx.wang@geos.tamu.edu Yang, Ping 1 Nasiri, Shaima L. 1 Platnick, Steven 2 Baum, Bryan A. 3 Heidinger, Andrew K. 4 Liu, Xu 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA  4: NOAA/NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, Madison, WI 53706, USA  5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 116, p122; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRAL reflectance; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE aerosols; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: TRANSMITTANCE (Physics); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Adding-doubling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fast radiative transfer model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-Lambertian surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Twisted icosahedral mesh; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.10.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
T1  - Erratum to “Spectral line parameters including temperature dependences of self- and air-broadening in the 2←0 band of CO at 2.3μm” [J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transfer 2012;113:1013–33]
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 116
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 199
EP  - 200
SN  - 00224073
N1  - Accession Number: 84651830; Malathy Devi, V. 1; Email Address: malathyv@hotmail.com Chris Benner, D. 1 Smith, M.A.H. 2 Mantz, A.W. 3 Sung, K. 4 Brown, L.R. 4 Predoi-Cross, A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, 270 Mohegan Avenue, New London, CT 06320, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada TIK 3M4; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 116, p199; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.02.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harder, Bryan
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan
AU  - Myers, Dwight
AU  - Cinibulk, M.
T1  - Oxidation Transitions for SiC Part II. Passive-to-Active Transitions.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 96
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 606
EP  - 612
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Oxidation of SiC can occur in a passive mode, where a protective film is generated, or in an active mode, where a volatile suboxide is generated. The transitions from active-to-passive and passive-to-active are particularly important to understand as they occur via different mechanisms. In Part II of this article, the passive-to-active transition is explored. Three different types of SiC are examined- Si-rich SiC, stoichiometric SiC, and C-rich SiC. In addition to an in situ transition from passive-to-active, the effect of a preformed film on all three types of SiC is explored. It appears that the passive-to-active transition occurs when the SiO2 scale begins to react with the SiC substrate. This reaction generates SiO(g) and CO(g), which build pressure beneath the SiO2 scale, eventually causing the oxide to rupture. In addition, the SiO(g) can oxidize a distance away from the surface leading to the formation of SiO2 needles and further promoting this SiO2/ SiC reaction. Thermodynamic and kinetic data are used to predict transition pressures of oxygen, which show reasonable agreement with those measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 85412161; Harder, Bryan 1 Jacobson, Nathan 1 Myers, Dwight 2 Cinibulk, M.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center  2: East Central University; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 96 Issue 2, p606; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: PRESSURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jace.12104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Clark, Timothy T.
T1  - Reassessment of the classical closures for scalar turbulence.
JO  - Journal of Turbulence
JF  - Journal of Turbulence
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 98
SN  - 14685248
AB  - In deducing the consequences of the Direct Interaction Approximation, Kraichnan was sometimes led to consider the properties of special classes of nonlinear interactions in degenerate triads in which one wavevector is very small. Such interactions can be described by simplified models closely related to elementary closures for homogeneous isotropic turbulence such as the Heisenberg and Leith models. These connections can be exploited to derive considerably improved versions of the Heisenberg and Leith models that are only slightly more complicated analytically. This paper applies this approach to derive some new simplified closure models for passive scalar advection and investigates the consistency of these models with fundamental properties of scalar turbulence. Whereas some properties, such as the existence of the Kolmogorov–Obukhov range and the existence of thermal equilibrium ensembles, follow the velocity case closely, phenomena special to the scalar case arise when the diffusive and viscous effects become important at different scales of motion. These include the Batchelor and Batchelor–Howells–Townsend ranges pertaining, respectively, to high and low molecular Schmidt number. We also consider the spectrum in the diffusive range that follows the Batchelor range. We conclude that improved elementary models can be made consistent with many nontrivial properties of scalar turbulence, but that such models have unavoidable limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Turbulence is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - SCALAR field theory
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium
KW  - HEISENBERG model
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - homogeneous turbulence
KW  - isotropic turbulence
KW  - passive scalar turbulence
KW  - solvable or simplified models
KW  - turbulent mixing
N1  - Accession Number: 101299938; Rubinstein, Robert 1 Clark, Timothy T. 2; Email Address: ttc@lanl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: X Division Group XCP-2, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p71; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: SCALAR field theory; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; Subject Term: HEISENBERG model; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: homogeneous turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: isotropic turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: passive scalar turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: solvable or simplified models; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulent mixing; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14685248.2013.769685
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Jørgensen, Bo Barker
T1  - Microbial life under extreme energy limitation.
JO  - Nature Reviews Microbiology
JF  - Nature Reviews Microbiology
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 83
EP  - 94
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 17401526
AB  - A great number of the bacteria and archaea on Earth are found in subsurface environments in a physiological state that is poorly represented or explained by laboratory cultures. Microbial cells in these very stable and oligotrophic settings catabolize 104- to 106-fold more slowly than model organisms in nutrient-rich cultures, turn over biomass on timescales of centuries to millennia rather than hours to days, and subsist with energy fluxes that are 1,000-fold lower than the typical culture-based estimates of maintenance requirements. To reconcile this disparate state of being with our knowledge of microbial physiology will require a revised understanding of microbial energy requirements, including identifying the factors that comprise true basal maintenance and the adaptations that might serve to minimize these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Reviews Microbiology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL cells
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Physiology
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - GROWTH factors
KW  - CELL division (Biology)
KW  - CELL populations
KW  - ENERGY metabolism
N1  - Accession Number: 84782098; Hoehler, Tori M. 1 Jørgensen, Bo Barker 2; Affiliation:  1: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 2394, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA. [2]  2: 1] Center for Geomicrobiology, Institute of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. [2]; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p83; Subject Term: MICROBIAL cells; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Physiology; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: GROWTH factors; Subject Term: CELL division (Biology); Subject Term: CELL populations; Subject Term: ENERGY metabolism; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nrmicro2939
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
T1  - SUPERSONIC JET NOISE REDUCTION BY MICRO JET INJECTION.
JO  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
JF  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
Y1  - 2013/02//
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 51
EP  - 52
SN  - 00290974
AB  - An abstract of the article "Supersonic Jet Noise Reduction by Micro Jet Injection" by K. B. M. Q. Zaman is presented.
KW  - JET planes -- Noise
KW  - JET injections
N1  - Accession Number: 87131349; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, p51; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise; Subject Term: JET injections; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bala, Govindasamy
AU  - Joshi, Jaideep
AU  - Chaturvedi, Rajiv K.
AU  - Gangamani, Hosahalli V.
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Nemani, Rama
T1  - Trends and Variability of AVHRR-Derived NPP in India.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 810
EP  - 829
SN  - 20724292
AB  - In this paper, we estimate the trends and variability in Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-derived terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) over India for the period 1982-2006. We find an increasing trend of 3.9% per decade (r = 0.78, R2 = 0.61) during the analysis period. A multivariate linear regression of NPP with temperature, precipitation, atmospheric CO2 concentration, soil water and surface solar radiation (r = 0.80, R2 = 0.65) indicates that the increasing trend is partly driven by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration and the consequent CO2 fertilization of the ecosystems. However, human interventions may have also played a key role in the NPP increase: non-forest NPP growth is largely driven by increases in irrigated area and fertilizer use, while forest NPP is influenced by plantation and forest conservation programs. A similar multivariate regression of interannual NPP anomalies with temperature, precipitation, soil water, solar radiation and CO2 anomalies suggests that the interannual variability in NPP is primarily driven by precipitation and temperature variability. Mean seasonal NPP is largest during post-monsoon and lowest during the pre-monsoon period, thereby indicating the importance of soil moisture for vegetation productivity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - afforestation
KW  - atmospheric CO<Sub>2</Sub>
KW  - AVHRR-derived NPP
KW  - CO<Sub>2</Sub> fertilization
KW  - soil water
KW  - vegetation productivity
N1  - Accession Number: 85818306; Bala, Govindasamy 1; Email Address: gbala@caos.iisc.ernet.in Joshi, Jaideep 2; Email Address: jaideep777@gmail.com Chaturvedi, Rajiv K. 3; Email Address: chaturvedi.rajiv@gmail.com Gangamani, Hosahalli V. 1; Email Address: gangahv@gmail.com Hashimoto, Hirofumi 4; Email Address: hirofumi.hashimoto@gmail.com Nemani, Rama 4; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Divecha Center for Climate Change and Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India  2: Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India  3: Centre for Sustainable Technologies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p810; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: afforestation; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric CO<Sub>2</Sub>; Author-Supplied Keyword: AVHRR-derived NPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO<Sub>2</Sub> fertilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil water; Author-Supplied Keyword: vegetation productivity; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5020810
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Anav, Alessandro
AU  - Liang Xu
AU  - Samanta, Arindam
AU  - Shilong Piao
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
AU  - Zaichun Zhu
AU  - Jian Bi
AU  - Yaozhong Pan
T1  - Global Data Sets of Vegetation Leaf Area Index (LAI)3g and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR)3g Derived from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) for the Period 1981 to 2011
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 927
EP  - 948
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Long-term global data sets of vegetation Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) are critical to monitoring global vegetation dynamics and for modeling exchanges of energy, mass and momentum between the land surface and planetary boundary layer. LAI and FPAR are also state variables in hydrological, ecological, biogeochemical and crop-yield models. The generation, evaluation and an example case study documenting the utility of 30-year long data sets of LAI and FPAR are described in this article. A neural network algorithm was first developed between the new improved third generation Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI3g) and best-quality Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI and FPAR products for the overlapping period 2000-2009. The trained neural network algorithm was then used to generate corresponding LAI3g and FPAR3g data sets with the following attributes: 15-day temporal frequency, 1/12 degree spatial resolution and temporal span of July 1981 to December 2011. The quality of these data sets for scientific research in other disciplines was assessed through (a) comparisons with field measurements scaled to the spatial resolution of the data products, (b) comparisons with broadly-used existing alternate satellite data-based products, (c) comparisons to plant growth limiting climatic variables in the northern latitudes and tropical regions, and (d) correlations of dominant modes of interannual variability with large-scale circulation anomalies such as the EI Niño-Southern Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation. These assessment efforts yielded results that attested to the suitability of these data sets for research use in other disciplines. The utility of these data sets is documented by comparing the seasonal profiles of LAI3g with profiles from 18 state-of-the-art Earth System Models: the models consistently overestimated the satellite-based estimates of leaf area and simulated delayed peak seasonal values in the northern latitudes, a result that is consistent with previous evaluations of similar models with ground-based data. The LAI3g and FPAR3g data sets can be obtained freely from the NASA Earth Exchange (NEX) website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - VEGETATION dynamics
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - CROP yields
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - artificial neural networks
KW  - FPAR
KW  - LAI
KW  - MODIS
KW  - NASA NEX
KW  - NDVI3g
KW  - remote sensing of vegetation
N1  - Accession Number: 85818313; Ganguly, Sangram 1; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com Anav, Alessandro 2; Email Address: A.Anav@exeter.ac.uk Liang Xu 3; Email Address: bireme@gmail.com Samanta, Arindam 4; Email Address: arindam.sam@gmail.com Shilong Piao 5,6; Email Address: slpiao@pku.edu.cn Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 7; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov Myneni, Ranga B. 3; Email Address: ranga.myneni@gmail.com Zaichun Zhu 3,8; Email Address: zhu.zaichun@gmail.com Jian Bi 3; Email Address: bijian.bj@gmail.com Yaozhong Pan 8; Email Address: pyz@bnu.edu.cn; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: College of Engineering, Mathematics & Physical Sciences, Harrison Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK  3: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  4: Atmospheric and Environmental Research Inc., 131 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA 02421, USA  5: Department of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  6: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China  7: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: College of Resources Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Earth Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 5 Issue 2, following p927; Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: CROP yields; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Author-Supplied Keyword: artificial neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: FPAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA NEX; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI3g; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing of vegetation; Number of Pages: 38p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 7 Charts, 13 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - :10.3390/rs5020927
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Beomseok
AU  - Lu, Yijiang
AU  - Hannon, Ami
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Li, Jing
T1  - Low temperature Pd/SnO2 sensor for carbon monoxide detection
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 177
M3  - Article
SP  - 770
EP  - 775
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Abstract: The development of a tin oxide nanoparticle based sensor for detecting carbon monoxide at low temperature, 60°C is presented. A combination of three approaches namely, (1) addition of a catalytic metal – 1.5% palladium, (2) optimization of organic binder content, and (3) a proper design of electrodes, leads to high sensitivity, excellent repeatability, and long-term stability in sensor response. The sensors have been tested in dry (<1% RH) and humid (>70% RH) conditions, and no humidity effect on the sensor performance was noticed. The sensors using 15% hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) mixed with Pd/SnO2 show sensitivity to CO gas in the parts per million (ppm) level of concentration, 5–10% repeatability in 6–18ppm CO exposures, and active response for more than 40 days. In addition, the fatigued sensors were recoverable with a brief heating process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - PALLADIUM
KW  - STANNIC oxide
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - Carbon monoxide sensor
KW  - Hydroxypropyl cellulose
KW  - Low temperature sensing
KW  - Palladium doped tin dioxide
N1  - Accession Number: 85174161; Kim, Beomseok 1 Lu, Yijiang 1 Hannon, Ami 2 Meyyappan, M. 3 Li, Jing 3; Email Address: jing.li-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: ELORET Corporation at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: ERC Incorporated at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 177, p770; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: STANNIC oxide; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxypropyl cellulose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Palladium doped tin dioxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2012.11.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85174161&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baek, Chang-Ki
AU  - Kang, Daegun
AU  - Kim, JeongSik
AU  - Jin, Bo
AU  - Rim, Taiuk
AU  - Park, Sooyoung
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Jeong, Yoon-Ha
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Improved performance of In2Se3 nanowire phase-change memory with SiO2 passivation
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 80
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 13
SN  - 00381101
AB  - Abstract: The resistive switching and low frequency noise characteristics in In2Se3 nanowire PRAM devices with SiO2 passivation have been studied. The SiO2 passivation of the nanowires was adopted to lessen the thermal energy dissipation to the surroundings and as a result, the set/reset voltages and the corresponding power requirements have been reduced. The measured low frequency noise characteristics exhibit a typical 1/f noise behavior and show the same noise level after the SiO2 passivation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDIUM selenide
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - PHASE change memory
KW  - SILICA
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits -- Passivation
KW  - SWITCHING theory
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - Chalcogenide
KW  - In2Se3 nanowire
KW  - Low frequency noise
KW  - Phase change memory
KW  - SiO2 passivation
N1  - Accession Number: 85615237; Baek, Chang-Ki 1; Email Address: baekck@postech.ac.kr Kang, Daegun 2 Kim, JeongSik 3 Jin, Bo 3 Rim, Taiuk 2 Park, Sooyoung 1 Meyyappan, M. 3,4 Jeong, Yoon-Ha 1 Lee, Jeong-Soo 3; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Creative IT Excellence Engineering and Future IT Innovation Laboratory (i-Lab), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea  3: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 80, p10; Subject Term: INDIUM selenide; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: PHASE change memory; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits -- Passivation; Subject Term: SWITCHING theory; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chalcogenide; Author-Supplied Keyword: In2Se3 nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low frequency noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase change memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiO2 passivation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sse.2012.10.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Dwayne
AU  - Cole, Steve
AU  - Webster, Guy
AU  - Agle, D.C.
AU  - Chicoine, Ruth Ann
AU  - Rickman, James
AU  - Hoover, Rachel
AU  - Mitrofanov, Igor
AU  - Ravine, Michael
AU  - Hassler, Donald
AU  - Cuesta, Luis
AU  - Jones, Nancy Neal
AU  - Barnstorff, Kathy
AU  - Faccio, Rodrick
AU  - Apuzzo, Michael L.J.
AU  - Pagán, Veronica M.
T1  - The Mars Science Laboratory Landing
JO  - World Neurosurgery
JF  - World Neurosurgery
Y1  - 2013/02//
VL  - 79
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 223
EP  - 242
SN  - 18788750
KW  - Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer ( APXS )
KW  - Chemistry and Camera ( ChemCam )
KW  - Chemistry and Mineralogy ( CheMin )
KW  - Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons ( DAN )
KW  - Entry, descent, and landing ( EDL )
KW  - Frontiers
KW  - Imaging
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars Descent Imager ( MARDI )
KW  - Mars Hand Lens Imager ( MAHLI )
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory ( MSL )
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrument ( MEDLI )
KW  - Mast Camera ( Mastcam )
KW  - Miniaturization
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA )
KW  - Navigation Camera ( Navcam )
KW  - Radiation Assessment Detector ( RAD )
KW  - Robotics
KW  - Rover Environmental Monitoring Station ( REMS )
KW  - Sample Analysis at Mars ( SAM )
KW  - Space exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 86665838; Brown, Dwayne 1 Cole, Steve 1 Webster, Guy 2 Agle, D.C. 2 Chicoine, Ruth Ann 3 Rickman, James 4 Hoover, Rachel 5 Mitrofanov, Igor 6 Ravine, Michael 7 Hassler, Donald 8 Cuesta, Luis 9 Jones, Nancy Neal 10 Barnstorff, Kathy 11 Faccio, Rodrick 12; Email Address: faccio@usc.edu Apuzzo, Michael L.J. 12 Pagán, Veronica M. 12; Affiliation:  1: NASA's Mars Program Headquarters Washington, D.C., USA  2: Mars Science Laboratory Mission Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, USA  3: Canadian Space Agency, Saint-Hubert, Québec, Canada  4: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  6: Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia  7: Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, California, USA  8: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado, USA  9: Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid, Spain  10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA  11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  12: Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 79 Issue 2, p223; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer ( APXS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemistry and Camera ( ChemCam ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemistry and Mineralogy ( CheMin ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic Albedo of Neutrons ( DAN ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Entry, descent, and landing ( EDL ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Frontiers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Descent Imager ( MARDI ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Hand Lens Imager ( MAHLI ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory ( MSL ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrument ( MEDLI ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mast Camera ( Mastcam ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Miniaturization; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Navigation Camera ( Navcam ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation Assessment Detector ( RAD ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rover Environmental Monitoring Station ( REMS ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sample Analysis at Mars ( SAM ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.01.099
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Kim, Beomseok
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Flexible, compressible, hydrophobic, floatable, and conductive carbon nanotube-polymer sponge.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/02/04/
VL  - 102
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 051903
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A flexible, compressible, hydrophobic, ice-repelling, floatable, and conductive carbon nanotube (CNT)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sponge is presented. The microporous sponge-like PDMS scaffold fabricated with a sugar cube template is capable of CNT uptake. The CNT-PDMS sponge (CPS) is deformable and compressible up to 90%. The Young's modulus varies from 22 KPa to 200 KPa depending on the applied strain. The conductive pathways via the CNT network increase with compressive strain similar to a variable resistor or pressure sensor. The softness of the CPS can be utilized for artificial skin to grip sensitive objects. In addition, the contact angle of water droplets on CPS shows 141°, and thus the hydrophobic nature of the CPS can be exploited as a floating electrode. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity is maintained below freezing temperature, allowing an ice-repelling electrode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - HYDROPHOBIC surfaces
KW  - POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - FLUID mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 85387408; Han, Jin-Woo 1 Kim, Beomseok 1 Li, Jing 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: 2/4/2013, Vol. 102 Issue 5, p051903; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: HYDROPHOBIC surfaces; Subject Term: POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE; Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4790437
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, Eric J.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Lawson, R. Paul
AU  - Lance, Sara
AU  - Bui, T. Paul
AU  - Hlavka, Dennis
AU  - McGill, Matthew
AU  - Pfister, Leonhard
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
AU  - Gao, Rushan
T1  - Ice nucleation and dehydration in the Tropical Tropopause Layer.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2013/02/05/
VL  - 110
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2041
EP  - 2046
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Optically thin cirrus near the tropical tropopause regulate the humidity of air entering the stratosphere, which in turn has a strong influence on the Earth's radiation budget and climate. Recent high-altitude, unmanned aircraft measurements provide evidence for two distinct classes of cirrus formed in the tropical tropopause region: (i) vertically extensive cirrus with low ice number concentrations, low extinctions, and large supersaturations (up to ∼70%) with respect to ice; and (ii) vertically thin cirrus layers with much higher ice concentrations that effectively deplete the vapor in excess of saturation. The persistent supersaturation in the former class of cirrus is consistent with the long time-scales (several hours or longer) for quenching of vapor in excess of saturation given the low ice concentrations and cold tropical tropopause temperatures. The low-concentration clouds are likely formed on a background population of insoluble particles with concentrations less than 100 L-1 (often less than 20 L-1), whereas the high ice concentration layers (with concentrations up to 10,000 L-1) can only be produced by homogeneous freezing of an abundant population of aqueous aerosols. These measurements, along with past high-altitude aircraft measurements, indicate that the low-concentration cirrus occur frequently in the tropical tropopause region, whereas the high-concentration cirrus occur infrequently. The predominance of the low-concentration clouds means cirrus near the tropical tropopause may typically allow entry of air into the stratosphere with as much as ∼1.7 times the ice saturation mixing ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - ICE formation & growth
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - SATURATION vapor pressure
KW  - ATTREX
KW  - ice nuclei
N1  - Accession Number: 85482833; Jensen, Eric J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov Diskin, Glenn 2 Lawson, R. Paul 3 Lance, Sara 3 Bui, T. Paul 1 Hlavka, Dennis 4 McGill, Matthew 5 Pfister, Leonhard 1 Toon, Owen B. 6 Gao, Rushan 7; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  3: SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO 80301  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771  6: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences and Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302  7: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305; Source Info: 2/5/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 6, p2041; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: ICE formation & growth; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: SATURATION vapor pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: ATTREX; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice nuclei; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1217104110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, W. Vernon
T1  - Scientific ballooning: Past, present and future.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/02/07/
VL  - 1516
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 233
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Balloons have been used for scientific research since they were invented in France more than 200 years ago. Cosmic rays were discovered 100 years ago with an experiment flown on a manned balloon. A major change in balloon design occurred in 1950 with the introduction of the socalled natural shape balloon with integral load tapes. This basic design has been used with more or less continuously improved materials for scientific balloon flights for the past half century, including long-duration balloon (LDB) flights around Antarctica for the past two decades. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is currently developing a super-pressure balloon that would enable extended duration missions above 99.5% of the Earth's atmosphere at any latitude. Ultra-long-duration balloon (ULDB) flights enabled by constant-volume balloons should result in an even greater sea change in scientific ballooning than the inauguration of long-duration balloon (LDB) flights in Antarctica during the 1990-91 austral summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BALLOONING
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85407247; Jones, W. Vernon 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Mission Directorate, Astrophysics Division DH000 NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546,; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 1516 Issue 1, p229; Subject Term: BALLOONING; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 487990 Scenic and Sightseeing Transportation, Other; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4792574
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chapman, Emma
AU  - Abdalla, Filipe B.
AU  - Bobin, J.
AU  - Starck, J.-L.
AU  - Harker, Geraint
AU  - Jelić, Vibor
AU  - Labropoulos, Panagiotis
AU  - Zaroubi, Saleem
AU  - Brentjens, Michiel A.
AU  - de Bruyn, A. G.
AU  - Koopmans, L. V. E.
T1  - The scale of the problem: recovering images of reionization with Generalized Morphological Component Analysis.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/02/11/
VL  - 429
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 176
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The accurate and precise removal of 21-cm foregrounds from Epoch of Reionization (EoR) redshifted 21-cm emission data is essential if we are to gain insight into an unexplored cosmological era. We apply a non-parametric technique, Generalized Morphological Component Analysis (gmca), to simulated Low Frequency Array (LOFAR)-EoR data and show that it has the ability to clean the foregrounds with high accuracy. We recover the 21-cm 1D, 2D and 3D power spectra with high accuracy across an impressive range of frequencies and scales. We show that gmca preserves the 21-cm phase information, especially when the smallest spatial scale data is discarded. While it has been shown that LOFAR-EoR image recovery is theoretically possible using image smoothing, we add that wavelet decomposition is an efficient way of recovering 21-cm signal maps to the same or greater order of accuracy with more flexibility. By comparing the gmca output residual maps (equal to the noise, 21-cm signal and any foreground fitting errors) with the 21-cm maps at one frequency and discarding the smaller wavelet scale information, we find a correlation coefficient of 0.689, compared to 0.588 for the equivalently smoothed image. Considering only the pixels in a central patch covering 50 per cent of the total map area, these coefficients improve to 0.905 and 0.605, respectively, and we conclude that wavelet decomposition is a significantly more powerful method to denoise reconstructed 21-cm maps than smoothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENERALIZATION
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - MIDDLE Ages
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - cosmology: theory
KW  - dark ages, reionization, first stars
KW  - diffuse radiation
KW  - methods: statistical
N1  - Accession Number: 84950646; Chapman, Emma 1 Abdalla, Filipe B. 1 Bobin, J. 2 Starck, J.-L. 2 Harker, Geraint 3,4 Jelić, Vibor 5 Labropoulos, Panagiotis 5,6 Zaroubi, Saleem 6 Brentjens, Michiel A. 5 de Bruyn, A. G. 5,6 Koopmans, L. V. E. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT  2: Service d’Astrophysique (DAPNIA/SEDI-SAP), Centre Europeen d’Astronomie/Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  3: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0389, USA  4: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: ASTRON, PO Box 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands  6: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 429 Issue 1, p165; Subject Term: GENERALIZATION; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: MIDDLE Ages; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark ages, reionization, first stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffuse radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Jeong Woo
AU  - Kim, Hyung Rae
AU  - von Frese, Ralph
AU  - Taylor, Patrick
AU  - Rangelova, Elena
T1  - Geopotential field anomaly continuation with multi-altitude observations
JO  - Tectonophysics
JF  - Tectonophysics
Y1  - 2013/02/11/
VL  - 585
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 47
SN  - 00401951
AB  - Abstract: Conventional gravity and magnetic anomaly continuation invokes the standard Poisson boundary condition of a zero anomaly at an infinite vertical distance from the observation surface. This simple continuation is limited, however, where multiple altitude slices of the anomaly field have been observed. Increasingly, areas are becoming available which are constrained by multiple boundary conditions from surface, airborne, and satellite surveys. This paper describes the implementation of continuation with multi-altitude boundary conditions in Cartesian and spherical coordinates and investigates the advantages and limitations of these applications. Continuations by EPS (equivalent point source) inversion and the FT (Fourier transform), as well as by SCHA (spherical cap harmonic analysis) are considered. These methods were selected because they are especially well suited for analyzing multi-altitude data over finite patches of the earth such as those covered by the ADMAP database. In general, continuations constrained by multi-altitude data surfaces are invariably superior to those constrained by a single altitude data surface due to anomaly measurement errors and the non-uniqueness of continuation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Tectonophysics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOPHYSICS -- Observations
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - SURFACES (Geometry)
KW  - SURVEYS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - Anomaly continuation
KW  - Equivalent point source inversion
KW  - Fourier transform
KW  - Spherical cap harmonic analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 85173625; Kim, Jeong Woo 1; Email Address: jw.kim@ucalgary.ca Kim, Hyung Rae 2 von Frese, Ralph 3 Taylor, Patrick 4 Rangelova, Elena 1; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Geomatics Engineering, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N1N4  2: Dept. of Geoenvironmental Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Republic of Korea  3: School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  4: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 585, p34; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS -- Observations; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: SURFACES (Geometry); Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anomaly continuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent point source inversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spherical cap harmonic analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tecto.2012.07.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85173625&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeLeon-Rodriguez, Natasha
AU  - Lathem, Terry L.
AU  - Rodriguez-R., Luis M.
AU  - Barazesh, James M.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Bergin, Michael
AU  - Nenes, Athanasios
AU  - Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T.
T1  - Microbiome of the upper troposphere: Species composition and prevalence, effects of tropical storms, and atmospheric implications.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2013/02/12/
VL  - 110
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2575
EP  - 2580
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The composition and prevalence of microorganisms in the middle-to-upper troposphere (8-15 km altitude) and their role in aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions represent important, unresolved questions for biological and atmospheric science. In particular, airborne micro-organisms above the oceans remain essentially uncharacterized, as most work to date is restricted to samples taken near the Earth's surface. Here we report on the microbiome of low-and high-altitude air masses sampled onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration DC-8 platform during the 2010 Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes campaign in the Caribbean Sea. The samples were collected in cloudy and cloud-free air masses before, during, and after two major tropical hurricanes, Earl and Karl. Quantitative PCR and microscopy revealed that viable bacterial cells represented on average around 20% of the total particles in the 0.25- to 1-μm diameter range and were at least an order of magnitude more abundant than fungal cells, suggesting that bacteria represent an important and underestimated fraction of micrometer-sized atmospheric aerosols. The samples from the two hurricanes were characterized by significantly different bacterial communities, revealing that hurricanes aerosolize a large amount of new cells. Nonetheless, 17 bacterial taxa, including taxa that are known to use C1-C4 carbon compounds present in the atmosphere, were found in all samples, indicating that these organisms possess traits that allow survival in the troposphere. The findings presented here suggest that the microbiome is a dynamic and underappreciated aspect of the upper troposphere with potentially important impacts on the hydrological cycle, clouds, and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - AEROBIC bacteria
KW  - CARIBBEAN Sea
KW  - biogeography
KW  - cloud condensation nuclei
KW  - ice nucleation
KW  - microbial community
KW  - pyrosequencing
N1  - Accession Number: 85694799; DeLeon-Rodriguez, Natasha 1 Lathem, Terry L. 2 Rodriguez-R., Luis M. 1 Barazesh, James M. 3 Anderson, Bruce E. 4 Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 4 Ziemba, Luke D. 4 Bergin, Michael 2,3 Nenes, Athanasios 2,5; Email Address: athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu Konstantinidis, Konstantinos T. 1,3; Email Address: kostas@ce.gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332  2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332  3: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332  4: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch/Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  5: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; Source Info: 2/12/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 7, p2575; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: AEROBIC bacteria; Subject Term: CARIBBEAN Sea; Author-Supplied Keyword: biogeography; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud condensation nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial community; Author-Supplied Keyword: pyrosequencing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1212089110
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85694799&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sol'a, F.
AU  - Niu, J.
AU  - Xia, Z. H.
T1  - Heating induced microstructural changes in graphene/Cu nanocomposites.
JO  - Journal of Physics: D Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Physics: D Applied Physics
Y1  - 2013/02/13/
VL  - 46
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 00223727
AB  - Dynamic heating experiments on graphene/Cu nanocomposites by in situ scanning electron microscopy were conducted to observe the evolution of the morphology and size of the Cu nanoparticles. Microstructural characterization showed that the graphene/Cu nanocomposites system consists of graphene sheets decorated with Cu-based nanoparticles with different chemistries (Cu, Cu2O), shapes (cube, rod, triangle, etc) and sizes. Evidence of neck evolution, coalescence, sublimation and Ostwald ripening were observed. Interestingly, some of the events occurred at the edges of the graphene sheets. The quantitative data of necking evolution deviates from the classical continuum theory indicating that intrinsic faceting and the shape of the nanoparticles played an important role in the necking process. This was supported by molecular dynamics simulations. Experimental data of liquid-spherical nanoparticles on graphene suggested that Cu did not wet graphene. Based on sublimation experiments and surface stability, we propose that graphene decorated with Cu nanoparticles enclosed by {1 1 1} facets are the most stable nanocomposite at high temperatures. The growth mechanism of nanoparticles on graphene is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physics: D Applied Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - COALESCENCE (Chemistry)
KW  - SUBLIMATION (Chemistry)
KW  - OSTWALD ripening
N1  - Accession Number: 90118490; Sol'a, F. 1; Email Address: francisco.sola-lopez@nasa.gov Niu, J. 2 Xia, Z. H. 2; Email Address: Zhenhai.Xia@unt.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 46 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: COALESCENCE (Chemistry); Subject Term: SUBLIMATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: OSTWALD ripening; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0022-3727/46/6/065309
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90118490&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Xu, Xiaojing
AU  - Bilitza, Dieter
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Russell, James M.
T1  - Empirical STORM-E model: I. Theoretical and observational basis
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 554
EP  - 574
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Auroral nighttime infrared emission observed by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite is used to develop an empirical model of geomagnetic storm enhancements to E-region peak electron densities. The empirical model is called STORM-E and will be incorporated into the 2012 release of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The proxy for characterizing the E-region response to geomagnetic forcing is NO+(v) volume emission rates (VER) derived from the TIMED/SABER 4.3μm channel limb radiance measurements. The storm-time response of the NO+(v) 4.3μm VER is sensitive to auroral particle precipitation. A statistical database of storm-time to climatological quiet-time ratios of SABER-observed NO+(v) 4.3μm VER are fit to widely available geomagnetic indices using the theoretical framework of linear impulse-response theory. The STORM-E model provides a dynamic storm-time correction factor to adjust a known quiescent E-region electron density peak concentration for geomagnetic enhancements due to auroral particle precipitation. Part II of this series describes the explicit development of the empirical storm-time correction factor for E-region peak electron densities, and shows comparisons of E-region electron densities between STORM-E predictions and incoherent scatter radar measurements. In this paper, Part I of the series, the efficacy of using SABER-derived NO+(v) VER as a proxy for the E-region response to solar-geomagnetic disturbances is presented. Furthermore, a detailed description of the algorithms and methodologies used to derive NO+(v) VER from SABER 4.3μm limb emission measurements is given. Finally, an assessment of key uncertainties in retrieving NO+(v) VER is presented. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON distribution
KW  - MAGNETIC storms
KW  - IONOSPHERE
KW  - NUMERIC databases
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Auroral particle precipitation
KW  - E-region
KW  - Infrared remote sensing
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Magnetic storm
KW  - SABER
N1  - Accession Number: 85154780; Mertens, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov Xu, Xiaojing 2; Email Address: xiaojing.xu@ssaihq.com Bilitza, Dieter 3; Email Address: dbilitza@gmu.edu Mlynczak, Martin G. 4; Email Address: Martin.G.Mlynczak@nasa.gov Russell, James M. 5; Email Address: James.Russell@hamptonu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Science Systems & Applications Inc., One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 2366, USA  3: School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 457, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23688, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p554; Subject Term: ELECTRON distribution; Subject Term: MAGNETIC storms; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Subject Term: NUMERIC databases; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Auroral particle precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: E-region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic storm; Author-Supplied Keyword: SABER; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85154780&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
AU  - Xu, Xiaojing
AU  - Bilitza, Dieter
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Russell, James M.
T1  - Empirical STORM-E model: II. Geomagnetic corrections to nighttime ionospheric E-region electron densities
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 575
EP  - 598
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Auroral nighttime infrared emission observed by the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard the Thermosphere–Ionosphere–Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite is used to develop an empirical model of geomagnetic storm enhancements to E-region electron densities. The empirical model is called STORM-E and will be incorporated into the 2012 release of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). The proxy for characterizing the E-region response to geomagnetic forcing is NO+(v) Volume Emission Rates (VER) derived from the TIMED/SABER 4.3μm channel limb radiance measurements. The storm-time response of the NO+(v) 4.3μm VER is most sensitive to auroral particle precipitation. A statistical database of storm-time to climatological quiet-time ratios of SABER-observed NO+(v) 4.3μm VER are fit to widely available geomagnetic indices using the theoretical framework of linear impulse-response theory. The STORM-E model provides a dynamic storm-time correction factor to adjust a known nighttime quiescent E-region electron density peak concentration for geomagnetic enhancements due to auroral particle precipitation. Part I of this series gives a detailed description of the algorithms and methodologies used to derive NO+(v) VER from SABER 4.3μm limb emission measurements. In this paper, Part II of the series, the development of the E-region electron density storm-time correction factor is described. The STORM-E storm-time correction factor is fit to a single geomagnetic index. There are four versions of the STORM-E model, which are currently independent of magnetic local time. Each version is fit to one of the following indices: HP, AE, Ap, or Dst. High-latitude Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) E-region electron density measurements are compared to STORM-E predictions for various geomagnetic storm periods during solar cycle 23. These comparisons show that STORM-E significantly improves the prediction of E-region electron density enhancements due to auroral particle precipitation, in comparison to the nominal IRI model or to the quiet-time baseline electron density concentrations measured by ISR. The STORM-E/ISR comparisons indicate that the STORM-E fits to the Ap-, AE-, and HP-indices are comparable in both absolute accuracy and relative dynamical response. Contrarily, the Dst-index does not appear to be a suitable input driver to parameterize the E-region electron density response to geomagnetic activity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC storms
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - IONOSPHERIC electron density
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - NUMERIC databases
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - Aurora
KW  - Auroral particle precipitation
KW  - E-region
KW  - Infrared remote sensing
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Magnetic storm
N1  - Accession Number: 85154781; Mertens, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov Xu, Xiaojing 2; Email Address: xiaojing.xu@ssaihq.com Bilitza, Dieter 3; Email Address: dbilitza@gmu.edu Mlynczak, Martin G. 4; Email Address: Martin.G.Mlynczak@nasa.gov Russell, James M. 5; Email Address: James.Russell@hamptonu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 2366, USA  3: School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 3F3, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Science Directorate, Mail Stop 457, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  5: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23688, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p575; Subject Term: MAGNETIC storms; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: IONOSPHERIC electron density; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: NUMERIC databases; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aurora; Author-Supplied Keyword: Auroral particle precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: E-region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic storm; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hodge, Andrew
AU  - Dambaugh, Gabriel
T1  - Analysis of thermally induced stresses on the core node bonds of a co-cured sandwich panel.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 474
SN  - 00219983
AB  - During process development testing of the ARES I composite interstage, large regions of node disbonds were observed in the aluminum honeycomb core. The sandwich panels were composed of carbon fiber/epoxy face sheets and one-eighth inch cell size aluminum core co-cured in an autoclave. Node disbonds were initially observed after cure with ultrasonic inspection and subsequently confirmed with X-ray inspection and cross sectioning. A stress analysis was performed on the residual thermal stresses resulting from post-cure cool down. Analysis indicated that the thermal stresses in the aluminum core are a function of foil thickness of the aluminum core. Thermal stresses are relieved through disbonding of the adhesive node. The node disbonds were shown to significantly reduce the shear capability of the sandwich structure. Funding was provided by the ARES I Upper Stage Project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - THERMAL stresses
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - carbon fiber composite
KW  - induced thermal stress
KW  - node disbonds
KW  - Sandwich structure
N1  - Accession Number: 85148627; Hodge, Andrew 1 Dambaugh, Gabriel; Affiliation:  1: andrew.j.hodge@nasa.gov; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p467; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: THERMAL stresses; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon fiber composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: induced thermal stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: node disbonds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3374
L3  - 10.1177/0021998312441654
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85148627&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parpura, Vladimir
AU  - Silva, Gabriel A.
AU  - Tass, Peter A.
AU  - Bennet, Kevin E.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica
AU  - Lee, Kendall H.
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
T1  - Neuromodulation: selected approaches and challenges.
JO  - Journal of Neurochemistry
JF  - Journal of Neurochemistry
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 124
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 453
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223042
AB  - The brain operates through complex interactions in the flow of information and signal processing within neural networks. The 'wiring' of such networks, being neuronal or glial, can physically and/or functionally go rogue in various pathological states. Neuromodulation, as a multidisciplinary venture, attempts to correct such faulty nets. In this review, selected approaches and challenges in neuromodulation are discussed. The use of water-dispersible carbon nanotubes has been proven effective in the modulation of neurite outgrowth in culture and in aiding regeneration after spinal cord injury in vivo. Studying neural circuits using computational biology and analytical engineering approaches brings to light geometrical mapping of dynamics within neural networks, much needed information for stimulation interventions in medical practice. Indeed, sophisticated desynchronization approaches used for brain stimulation have been successful in coaxing 'misfiring' neuronal circuits to resume productive firing patterns in various human disorders. Devices have been developed for the real-time measurement of various neurotransmitters as well as electrical activity in the human brain during electrical deep brain stimulation. Such devices can establish the dynamics of electrochemical changes in the brain during stimulation. With increasing application of nanomaterials in devices for electrical and chemical recording and stimulating in the brain, the era of cellular, and even intracellular, precision neuromodulation will soon be upon us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Neurochemistry is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUROCHEMISTRY
KW  - SYNCHRONIZATION
KW  - BRAIN stimulation
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - NEUROTRANSMITTERS
KW  - carbon nanotubes
KW  - connectivity of networks
KW  - deep brain stimulation
KW  - desynchronization
KW  - neurochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 85139216; Parpura, Vladimir 1,2 Silva, Gabriel A. 3 Tass, Peter A. 4,5 Bennet, Kevin E. 6 Meyyappan, M. 7 Koehne, Jessica 7 Lee, Kendall H. 8 Andrews, Russell J. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Neurobiology, Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Atomic Force Microscopy and Nanotechnology Laboratories, Civitan International Research Center Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute University of Alabama  2: Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka  3: Department of Bioengineering, Department of Ophthalmology, and Neurosciences Program, University of California  4: Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Neuromodulation, Research Center Jülich  5: Division of Neuromodulation, Medical School, University of Cologne  6: Divison of Engineering, Mayo Clinic Rochester  7: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center  8: Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 124 Issue 4, p436; Subject Term: NEUROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SYNCHRONIZATION; Subject Term: BRAIN stimulation; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: NEUROTRANSMITTERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: connectivity of networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep brain stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: desynchronization; Author-Supplied Keyword: neurochemistry; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jnc.12105
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85139216&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gan, Yong X.
AU  - Dynys, Frederick W.
T1  - Joining highly conductive and oxidation resistant silver-based electrode materials to silicon for high temperature thermoelectric energy conversions
JO  - Materials Chemistry & Physics
JF  - Materials Chemistry & Physics
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 138
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 342
EP  - 349
SN  - 02540584
AB  - Abstract: Joining silicon thermoelectric elements using silver-based alloys and adhesive was investigated. Selective etching silicon with HF and KOH was performed to increase the interface area. Physical vapor deposition was used to coat Ti, Cr, Pt and Ag on silicon surface to form transition layers for the enhancement of interface bonding. Sound joints using the silver adhesive were obtained and they can withstand the highest temperature of 925 °C. Contact resistance of the joints under both thermal cycling and isothermal heat treatment was measured from 500 °C to 920 °C. It is found that the contact resistance of the silver/silicon joints is about 1 Ω at room temperature. At the elevated temperature of 920 °C, the contact resistance is less than 2.5 Ω. We conclude that the silver adhesive has excellent adhesion to silicon surface and the contact resistance is considerably low. Therefore, it is suitable for joining silicon thermoelectric elements for energy conversion at high temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Chemistry & Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SILICON
KW  - SILVER alloys
KW  - HIGH temperature chemistry
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - CONDUCTING polymers
KW  - Annealing
KW  - Electrical properties
KW  - Surfaces
KW  - Thermoelectric effects
N1  - Accession Number: 85395594; Gan, Yong X. 1,2; Email Address: yxgan@csupomona.edu Dynys, Frederick W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, 3801 West Temple Avenue, Pomona, CA 91768, USA  3: Materials and Structures Division, Ceramics Branch (RXC0), NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 138 Issue 1, p342; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: SILVER alloys; Subject Term: HIGH temperature chemistry; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: CONDUCTING polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Annealing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric effects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2012.11.066
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85395594&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peterson, David
AU  - Wang, Jun
AU  - Ichoku, Charles
AU  - Hyer, Edward
AU  - Ambrosia, Vincent
T1  - A sub-pixel-based calculation of fire radiative power from MODIS observations: 1: Algorithm development and initial assessment
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2013/02/15/
VL  - 129
M3  - Article
SP  - 262
EP  - 279
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Developed as a quantitative measurement of fire intensity, fire radiative power (FRP) and the potential applications to smoke plume injection heights, are currently limited by the pixel resolution of a satellite sensor. As a result, this study, the first in a two-part series, develops a new sub-pixel-based calculation of fire radiative power (FRPf) for fire pixels detected at 1km2 nominal spatial resolution by the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire detection algorithm (collection 5), which is subsequently applied to several large wildfire events in California. The methodology stems from the heritage of earlier bi-spectral retrievals of sub-pixel fire area and temperature. However, in the current investigation, a radiative transfer model is incorporated to remove solar effects and account for atmospheric effects as a function of Earth-satellite geometry at 3.96 and 11μm (MODIS fire detection channels). The retrieved sub-pixel fire (flaming) area is assessed via the multispectral, high-resolution data (3–50m) obtained from the Autonomous Modular Sensor (AMS), flown aboard the NASA Ikhana unmanned aircraft. With fire sizes ranging from 0.001 to 0.02km2, pixel-level fire area comparisons between MODIS and AMS are highly variable, regardless of the viewing zenith angle, and show a low bias with a modest correlation (R=0.59). However, when lower confidence fire pixels and point-spread-function effects (fire hot spots on the pixel edge) are removed, the correlation becomes much stronger (R=0.84) and the variability between MODIS and AMS is reduced. To account for these random errors via averaging, two clustering techniques are employed and the resulting AMS and MODIS comparisons of fire area, after correcting for overlapping MODIS pixels, are even more encouraging (R=0.91). Drawing from the retrieved fire area and temperature, the FRPf is calculated and compared to the current MODIS pixel area-based FRP. While the two methods are strongly correlated (R=0.93), the FRPf, in combination with retrieved fire cluster area, allows a large fire burning at a low intensity to be separated from a small fire burning at a high intensity. Similarly, the flux of FRPf over the retrieved fire area can be calculated, allowing for improved estimates of smoke plume injection heights in modeling studies and creating potential applications for the future VIIRS and GOES-R fire detection algorithms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - SMOKE plumes
KW  - SOLAR radiation -- Physiological effect
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - ASTRODYNAMICS
KW  - Airborne
KW  - Biomass burning
KW  - Fire
KW  - Fire area
KW  - Fire detection
KW  - Fire radiative power (FRP)
KW  - Fire temperature
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Sub-pixel
KW  - Wildfire
N1  - Accession Number: 84553092; Peterson, David 1; Email Address: david.peterson@huskers.unl.edu Wang, Jun 1; Email Address: jwang7@unl.edu Ichoku, Charles 2; Email Address: charles.m.ichoku@nasa.gov Hyer, Edward 3; Email Address: edward.hyer@nrlmry.navy.mil Ambrosia, Vincent 4; Email Address: vincent.g.ambrosia@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Naval Research Laboratory, 7 Grace Hopper Avenue, Monterey, CA 93940, USA  4: NASA-Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-4; Room 128, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Feb2013, Vol. 129, p262; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: SMOKE plumes; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: ASTRODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomass burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire area; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire radiative power (FRP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-pixel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2012.10.036
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=84553092&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ngo-Duc, Tam-Triet
AU  - Gacusan, Jovi
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
AU  - Sanghadasa, Mohan
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Oye, Michael M.
T1  - Controlled growth of vertical ZnO nanowires on copper substrate.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/02/25/
VL  - 102
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 083105
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We present an approach for diameter control of vertically aligned ZnO nanowires (NWs) grown directly on copper substrates. Vapor-solid growth was done at 550 °C with solid Zn precursor under Ar/O2 flow, and the resulting nanowires with in situ-controllable diameters ranged between 50 to 500 nm. The nanowires were observed to elongate in tip growth and diameters were directly controlled by varying the oxygen concentration. Direct growth of vertical wires on metal substrates is expected to be useful to construct piezoelectric devices and applications involving sensors and detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZINC oxide
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - COPPER
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - DETECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 85846610; Ngo-Duc, Tam-Triet 1,2,3 Gacusan, Jovi 1,2,3 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 3,4 Sanghadasa, Mohan 5 Meyyappan, M. 1 Oye, Michael M. 1,2,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  2: ELORET Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  3: UCSC/NASA-ARC Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  4: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064,  5: Weapons Sciences Directorate, Aviation & Missile RDEC, U.S. Army RDECOM, Redstone Arsenal, Alabama 35898,; Source Info: 2/25/2013, Vol. 102 Issue 8, p083105; Subject Term: ZINC oxide; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: DETECTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4793758
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85846610&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Fressin, François
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Désert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Lopez, Eric D.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Adams, Elisabeth R.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Barrado, David
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
T1  - A sub-Mercury-sized exoplanet.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2013/02/28/
VL  - 494
IS  - 7438
M3  - Article
SP  - 452
EP  - 454
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Since the discovery of the first exoplanets, it has been known that other planetary systems can look quite unlike our own. Until fairly recently, we have been able to probe only the upper range of the planet size distribution, and, since last year, to detect planets that are the size of Earth or somewhat smaller. Hitherto, no planets have been found that are smaller than those we see in the Solar System. Here we report a planet significantly smaller than Mercury. This tiny planet is the innermost of three that orbit the Sun-like host star, which we have designated Kepler-37. Owing to its extremely small size, similar to that of the Moon, and highly irradiated surface, the planet, Kepler-37b, is probably rocky with no atmosphere or water, similar to Mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - MERCURY (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 85776479; Barclay, Thomas 1 Rowe, Jason F. 2 Lissauer, Jack J. 3 Huber, Daniel 3 Fressin, François 4 Howell, Steve B. 3 Bryson, Stephen T. 3 Chaplin, William J. 5 Désert, Jean-Michel 4 Lopez, Eric D. 6 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7 Mullally, Fergal 2 Ragozzine, Darin 8 Torres, Guillermo 4 Adams, Elisabeth R. 4 Agol, Eric 9 Barrado, David 10 Basu, Sarbani 11 Bedding, Timothy R. 12 Buchhave, Lars A. 13; Affiliation:  1: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 First Street West, Sonoma, California 95476, USA  2: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK  6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA  8: 1] Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA [2] Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, Florida 32111, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA  10: 1] Calar Alto Observatory, Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán, Calle Jesús Durbán Remón, E-04004 Almería, Spain [2] Departamento Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología, ESAC campus, PO Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain  11: Department and Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA  12: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia  13: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark [2] Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Source Info: 2/28/2013, Vol. 494 Issue 7438, p452; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: MERCURY (Planet); Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature11914
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85776479&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Nurge, Mark A.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
T1  - Alternating magnetic field forces for satellite formation flying
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 84
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 205
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Selected future space missions, such as large aperture telescopes and multi-component interferometers, will require the precise positioning of a number of isolated satellites, yet many of the suggested approaches for providing satellite positioning forces have serious limitations. In this paper we propose a new approach, capable of providing both position and orientation forces, that resolves or alleviates many of these problems. We show that by using alternating fields and currents that finely-controlled forces can be induced on the satellites, which can be individually selected through frequency allocation. We also show, through analysis and experiment, that near field operation is feasible and can provide sufficient force and the necessary degrees of freedom to accurately position and orient small satellites relative to one another. In particular, the case of a telescope with a large number of free mirrors is developed to provide an example of the concept. We also discuss the far field extension of this concept. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - Antenna forces
KW  - Electromagnetic forces
KW  - Satellite positioning
KW  - Satellite propulsion
KW  - Space telescopes
KW  - Spacecraft formation flying
N1  - Accession Number: 85279390; Youngquist, Robert C. 1 Nurge, Mark A.; Email Address: Mark.A.Nurge@nasa.gov Starr, Stanley O. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail-Stop NE-L5, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 84, p197; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna forces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic forces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite positioning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space telescopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft formation flying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.11.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85279390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ostrikov, K.
AU  - Neyts, E. C.
AU  - Meyyap, M.
T1  - Plasma nanoscience: from nano-solids in plasmas to nano-plasmas in solids.
JO  - Advances in Physics
JF  - Advances in Physics
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 62
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 113
EP  - 224
SN  - 00018732
AB  - The unique plasma-specific features and physical phenomena in the organization of nanoscale solid-state systems in a broad range of elemental composition, structure, and dimensionality are critically reviewed. These effects lead to the possibility to localize and control energy and matter at nanoscales and to produce self-organized nano-solids with highly unusual and superior properties. A unifying conceptual framework based on the control of production, transport, and self-organization of precursor species is introduced and a variety of plasma-specific non-equilibrium and kinetics-driven phenomena across the many temporal and spatial scales is explained. When the plasma is localized to micrometer and nanometer dimensions, new emergent phenomena arise. The examples range from semiconducting quantum dots and nanowires, chirality control of single-walled carbon nanotubes, ultra-fine manipulation of graphenes, nano-diamond, and organic matter to nano-plasma effects and nano-plasmas of different states of matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSCIENCE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - nano-plasmas
KW  - nanoscale solid systems
KW  - plasma-specific effects
KW  - self-organization
KW  - structural and functional properties
N1  - Accession Number: 89059809; Ostrikov, K. 1; Email Address: kostya.ostrikov@csiro.au Neyts, E. C. 2 Meyyap, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 218, Lindfield NSW 2070, Australia  2: University of Antwerp, Department of Chemistry, Research Group PLASMANT, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium  3: CNASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 62 Issue 2, p113; Subject Term: NANOSCIENCE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: nano-plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanoscale solid systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasma-specific effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: self-organization; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural and functional properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 112p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00018732.2013.808047
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89059809&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Galante, Douglas
AU  - Rodrigues, Fabio
AU  - Lima, Ivan Glaucio Paulino
AU  - Duarte, and the SPASA Organizers, Rubens T.D.
T1  - Research Focus Group Activity of the São Paulo Advanced School of Astrobiology: SPASA 2011.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 293
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The article focuses on the Research Focus Group (RFG) activity of the São Paulo Advanced School of Astrobiology (SPASA), an international school on astrobiology organized by the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP). It mentions that for the RFG activity participants were divided and had to develop leadership skills, original research ideas, and working plan and budget.
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - LEADERSHIP
KW  - PLANNING
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOCIETIES, etc.
KW  - COSTS
N1  - Accession Number: 90251904; Galante, Douglas 1,2 Rodrigues, Fabio 3 Lima, Ivan Glaucio Paulino 4 Duarte, and the SPASA Organizers, Rubens T.D. 5; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.  2: National Center of Research in Energy and Materials, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, Brazil.  3: Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.  4: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  5: Oceanographic Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p292; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Subject Term: LEADERSHIP; Subject Term: PLANNING; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOCIETIES, etc.; Subject Term: COSTS; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.0987
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251904&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berta, S.
AU  - Lutz, D.
AU  - Santini, P.
AU  - Wuyts, S.
AU  - Rosario, D.
AU  - Brisbin, D.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Franceschini, A.
AU  - Gruppioni, C.
AU  - Hatziminaoglou, E.
AU  - Hwang, H. S.
AU  - Floc'h, E. Le
AU  - Magnelli, B.
AU  - Nordon, R.
AU  - Oliver, S.
AU  - Page, M. J.
AU  - Popesso, P.
AU  - Pozzetti, L.
AU  - Pozzi, F.
AU  - Riguccini, L.
T1  - Panchromatic spectral energy distributions of Herschel sources.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 551
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Combining far-infrared Herschel photometry from the PACS Evolutionary Probe (PEP) and Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey (HerMES) guaranteed time programs with ancillary datasets in the GOODS-N, GOODS-S, and COSMOS fields, it is possible to sample the 8-500 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of galaxies with at least 7-10 bands. Extending to the UV, optical, and near-infrared, the number of bands increases up to 43. We reproduce the distribution of galaxies in a carefully selected restframe ten colors space, based on this rich data-set, using a superposition of multivariate Gaussian modes. We use this model to classify galaxies and build median SEDs of each class, which are then fitted with a modified version of the magphys code that combines stellar light, emission from dust heated by stars and a possible warm dust contribution heated by an active galactic nucleus (AGN). The color distribution of galaxies in each of the considered fields can be well described with the combination of 6-9 classes, spanning a large range of far- to near-infrared luminosity ratios, as well as different strength of the AGN contribution to bolometric luminosities. The defined Gaussian grouping is used to identify rare or odd sources. The zoology of outliers includes Herschel-detected ellipticals, very blue z ∼ 1 Ly-break galaxies, quiescent spirals, and torus-dominated AGN with star formation. Out of these groups and outliers, a new template library is assembled, consisting of 32 SEDs describing the intrinsic scatter in the restframe UV-to-submm colors of infrared galaxies. This library is tested against L(IR) estimates with and without Herschel data included, and compared to eight other popular methods often adopted in the literature. When implementing Herschel photometry, these approaches produce L(IR) values consistent with each other within a median absolute deviation of 10-20%, the scatter being dominated more by fine tuning of the codes, rather than by the choice of SED templates. Finally, the library is used to classify 24 μm detected sources in PEP GOODS fields on the basis of AGN content, L(60)/L(100) color and L(160)/L(1.6) luminosity ratio. AGN appear to be distributed in the stellar mass (M) vs. star formation rate (SFR) space along with all other galaxies, regardless of the amount of infrared luminosity they are powering, with the tendency to lie on the high SFR side of the "main sequence". The incidence of warmer star-forming sources grows for objects with higher specific star formation rates (sSFR), and they tend to populate the "off-sequence" region of the M - SFR - z space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - galaxies: star formation
KW  - galaxies: statistics
KW  - infrared: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 86159347; Berta, S. 1; Email Address: berta@mpe.mpg.de Lutz, D. 1 Santini, P. 2 Wuyts, S. 1 Rosario, D. 1 Brisbin, D. 3 Cooray, A. 4 Franceschini, A. 5 Gruppioni, C. 6 Hatziminaoglou, E. 7 Hwang, H. S. 8 Floc'h, E. Le 9 Magnelli, B. 1 Nordon, R. 10 Oliver, S. 11 Page, M. J. 12 Popesso, P. 1 Pozzetti, L. 6 Pozzi, F. 13 Riguccini, L. 14; Affiliation:  1: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Postfach 1312, 85741 Garching, Germany  2: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy  3: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  4: Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, CA 92697, Irvine, USA  5: Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 3, 35122 Padova, Italy  6: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy  7: ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany  8: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, MA 02138, Cambridge, USA  9: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot, IRFU/Service d'Astrophysique, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  10: School of Physics and Astronomy, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, 69978 Tel-Aviv, Israel  11: Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK  12: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK  13: Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy  14: Astrophysics Branch, NASA - Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, CA 94035, Moffett Field, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 551, p1; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: active; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: star formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201220859
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricci, D.
AU  - Elyiv, A.
AU  - Finet, F.
AU  - Wertz, O.
AU  - Alsubai, K.
AU  - Anguita, T.
AU  - Bozza, V.
AU  - Browne, P.
AU  - Burgdorf, M.
AU  - Calchi Novati, S.
AU  - Dodds, P.
AU  - Dominik, M.
AU  - Dreizler, S.
AU  - Gerner, T.
AU  - Glitrup, M.
AU  - Grundahl, F.
AU  - Hardis, S.
AU  - Harpsøe, K.
AU  - Hinse, T. C.
AU  - Hornstrup, A.
T1  - Flux and color variations of the doubly imaged quasar UM673.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 551
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Aims. With the aim of characterizing the flux and color variations of the multiple components of the gravitationally lensed quasar UM673 as a function of time, we have performed multiepoch and multiband photometric observations with the Danish 1.54 m telescope at the La Silla Observatory. Methods. The observations were carried out in the VRi spectral bands during four seasons (2008-2011). We reduced the data using the point spread function photometric technique as well as aperture photometry. Results. Our results show for the brightest lensed component some significant decrease in flux between the first two seasons (+0.09/+0.11/+0.05 mag) and a subsequent increase during the following ones (-0.11/-0.11/-0.10 mag) in the V/R/i spectral bands, respectively. Comparing our results with previous studies, we find smaller color variations between these seasons as compared with previous ones. We also separate the contribution of the lensing galaxy from that of the fainter and close lensed component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUASARS
KW  - STARS -- Color
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - MICROLENSING (Astrophysics)
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - gravitational lensing: strong
KW  - quasars: general
KW  - quasars: individual: UM673
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 86159351; Ricci, D. 1,2,3; Email Address: ricci@astro.ulg.ac.be Elyiv, A. 1,4 Finet, F. 1 Wertz, O. 1 Alsubai, K. 5 Anguita, T. 6,7,8 Bozza, V. 9,10 Browne, P. 11 Burgdorf, M. 12,13 Calchi Novati, S. 9,14 Dodds, P. 11 Dominik, M. 11 Dreizler, S. 15 Gerner, T. 16 Glitrup, M. 17 Grundahl, F. 17 Hardis, S. 18 Harpsøe, K. 18,19 Hinse, T. C. 18,20 Hornstrup, A. 21; Affiliation:  1: Département d'Astrophysique, Géophysique et Océanographie, Bât. B5C, Sart Tilman, Université de Liège, 4000 Liège 1, Belgium  2: INAF/Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy  3: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 877, Ensenada, B.C. 22800, Mexico  4: Main Astronomical Observatory, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Zabolotnoho 27, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine  5: Alsubai's Establishment for Scientific Studies, Qatar  6: Centro de Astro-Ingeniería, Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago, Chile  7: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  8: Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 252, Santiago, Chile  9: Dipartimento di Fisica "E.R. Caianiello", Università degli Studi di Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84085 Fisciano (SA), Italy  10: Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Italy  11: SUPA, University of St Andrews, School of Physics & Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK  12: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universitaet Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany  13: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N211-3, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA  14: Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), Vietri Sul Mare (SA), Italy  15: Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany  16: Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstraβe 12-14, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany  17: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  18: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen ø, Denmark  19: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Geological Museum, øster Voldgade 5, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  20: KASI - Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedukdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of Korea  21: National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 551, p1; Subject Term: QUASARS; Subject Term: STARS -- Color; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: MICROLENSING (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitational lensing: strong; Author-Supplied Keyword: quasars: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: quasars: individual: UM673; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201118755
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86159351&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, James R.
AU  - Reid, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Westphal, Douglas L.
AU  - Zhang, Jianglong
AU  - Tackett, Jason L.
AU  - Chew, Boon Ning
AU  - Welton, Ellsworth J.
AU  - Shimizu, Atsushi
AU  - Sugimoto, Nobuo
AU  - Aoki, Kazuma
AU  - Winker, David M.
T1  - Characterizing the vertical profile of aerosol particle extinction and linear depolarization over Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent: The 2007–2009 view from CALIOP
JO  - Atmospheric Research
JF  - Atmospheric Research
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 520
EP  - 543
SN  - 01698095
AB  - Abstract: Vertical profiles of 0.532μm aerosol particle extinction coefficient and linear volume depolarization ratio are described for Southeast Asia and the Maritime Continent. Quality-screened and cloud-cleared Version 3.01 Level 2 NASA Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) 5-km Aerosol Profile datasets are analyzed from 2007 to 2009. Numerical simulations from the U.S. Naval Aerosol Analysis and Predictive System (NAAPS), featuring two-dimensional variational assimilation of NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer quality-assured datasets, combined with regional ground-based lidar measurements, are considered for assessing CALIOP retrieval performance, identifying bias, and evaluating regional representativeness. CALIOP retrievals of aerosol particle extinction coefficient and aerosol optical depth (AOD) are high over land and low over open waters relative to NAAPS (0.412/0.312 over land for all data points inclusive, 0.310/0.235 when the per bin average is used and each is treated as single data points; 0.102/0.151 and 0.086/0.124, respectively, over ocean). Regional means, however, are very similar (0.180/0.193 for all data points and 0.155/0.159 when averaged per normalized bin), as the two factors offset one another. The land/ocean offset is investigated, and discrepancies attributed to interpretation of particle composition and a-priori assignment of the extinction-to-backscatter ratio (“lidar ratio”) necessary for retrieving the extinction coefficient from CALIOP signals. Over land, NAAPS indicates more dust present than CALIOP algorithms are identifying, indicating a likely assignment of a higher lidar ratio representative of more absorptive particles. NAAPS resolves more smoke over water than identified with CALIOP, indicating likely usage of a lidar ratio characteristic of less absorptive particles to be applied that biases low AOD there. Over open waters except within the Bay of Bengal, aerosol particle scattering is largely capped below 1.5km MSL, though ground-based lidar measurements at Singapore differ slightly from this finding. Significant aerosol particle presence over land is similarly capped near 3.0km MSL over most regions. Particle presence at low levels regionally, except over India, is dominated by relatively non-depolarizing particles. Industrial haze, sea salt droplets and fresh smoke are thus most likely present. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - SOUTHEAST Asia
KW  - Aerosol composition
KW  - Aerosol particle scattering
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Maritime Continent
KW  - Southeast Asia
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 85278998; Campbell, James R. 1; Email Address: james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil Reid, Jeffrey S. 1 Westphal, Douglas L. 1 Zhang, Jianglong 2 Tackett, Jason L. 3 Chew, Boon Ning 4 Welton, Ellsworth J. 5 Shimizu, Atsushi 6 Sugimoto, Nobuo 6 Aoki, Kazuma 7 Winker, David M. 8; Affiliation:  1: Aerosol and Radiation Sciences Section, Marine Meteorology Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, CA, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Folks, ND, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications Inc., c/o NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Center for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, Singapore  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  6: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan  7: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 122, p520; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: UNITED States; Subject Term: SOUTHEAST Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol particle scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maritime Continent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Southeast Asia; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BRAUN, SCOTT A.
AU  - KAKAR, RAMESH
AU  - ZIPSER, EDWARD
AU  - HEYMSFIELD, GERALD
AU  - ALBERS, CERESE
AU  - BROWN, SHANNON
AU  - DURDEN, STEPHEN L.
AU  - GUIMOND, STEPHEN
AU  - HALVERSON, JEFFERY
AU  - HEYMSFIELD, ANDREW
AU  - ISMAIL, SYED
AU  - LAMBRIGTSEN, BJORN
AU  - MILLER, TIMOTHY
AU  - TANELLI, SIMONE
AU  - THOMAS, JANEL
AU  - ZAWISLAK, JON
T1  - NASA'S GENESIS AND RAPID INTENSIFICATION PROCESSES (GRIP) FIELD EXPERIMENT.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 94
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 345
EP  - 363
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - In August-September 2010, NASA, NOAA, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) conducted separate but closely coordinated hurricane field campaigns, bringing to bear a combined seven aircraft with both new and mature observing technologies. NASA's Genesis and Rapid Intensification Processes (GRIP) experiment, the subject of this article, along with NOAA's Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX) and NSF's Pre-Depression Investigation of Cloud-Systems in the Tropics (PREDICT) experiment, obtained unprecedented observations of the formation and intensification of tropical cyclones. The major goal of GRIP was to better understand the physical processes that control hurricane formation and intensity change, specifically the relative roles of environmental and inner-core processes. A key focus of GRIP was the application of new technologies to address this important scientific goal, including the first ever use of the unmanned Global Hawk aircraft for hurricane science operations. NASA and NOAA conducted coordinated flights to thoroughly sample the rapid intensification (RI) of Hurricanes Earl and Karl. The tri-agency aircraft teamed up to perform coordinated flights for the genesis of Hurricane Karl and Tropical Storm Matthew and the non-redevelopment of the remnants of Tropical Storm Gaston. The combined GRIPIFEX- PREDICT datasets, along with remote sensing data from a variety of satellite platforms [Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Aqua, Terra, CloudSat, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO)], will contribute to advancing understanding of hurricane formation and intensification. This article summarizes the GRIP experiment, the missions flown, and some preliminary findings.  INSETS: NEW HURRICANE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY;ECS PARTICIPATION AND SUPPORT DURING GRIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYCLONE forecasting
KW  - CYCLONES
KW  - HURRICANES
KW  - TROPICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 87049214; BRAUN, SCOTT A. 1; Email Address: scott.a.braun@nasa.gov KAKAR, RAMESH 2 ZIPSER, EDWARD 3 HEYMSFIELD, GERALD 1 ALBERS, CERESE 4 BROWN, SHANNON 5 DURDEN, STEPHEN L. 5 GUIMOND, STEPHEN 1,6 HALVERSON, JEFFERY 7 HEYMSFIELD, ANDREW 8 ISMAIL, SYED 9 LAMBRIGTSEN, BJORN 5 MILLER, TIMOTHY 10 TANELLI, SIMONE 5 THOMAS, JANEL 7 ZAWISLAK, JON 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  2: NASA, Washington, D. C.  3: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah  4: Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  6: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee  7: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  8: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  10: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 94 Issue 3, p345; Subject Term: CYCLONE forecasting; Subject Term: CYCLONES; Subject Term: HURRICANES; Subject Term: TROPICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00232.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Maruskin, Jared
AU  - Bellerose, Julie
AU  - Wong, Macken
AU  - Mitchell, Lara
AU  - Richardson, David
AU  - Mathews, Douglas
AU  - Nguyen, Tri
AU  - Ganeshalingam, Usha
AU  - Ma, Gina
T1  - Dust motions in quasi-statically charged binary asteroid systems.
JO  - Celestial Mechanics & Dynamical Astronomy
JF  - Celestial Mechanics & Dynamical Astronomy
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 115
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 281
EP  - 298
SN  - 09232958
AB  - In this paper, we discuss dust motion and investigate possible mass transfer of charged particles in a binary asteroid system, in which the asteroids are electrically charged due to solar radiation. The surface potential of the asteroids is assumed to be a piecewise function, with positive potential on the sunlit half and negative potential on the shadow half. We derive the nonautonomous equations of motion for charged particles and an analytic representation for their lofting conditions. Particle trajectories and temporary relative equilibria are examined in relation to their moving forbidden regions, a concept we define and discuss. Finally, we use a Monte Carlo simulation for a case study on mass transfer and loss rates between the asteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Celestial Mechanics & Dynamical Astronomy is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - Binary asteroids
KW  - Charged debris
KW  - Dust levitation
KW  - Dust motion
KW  - Electrostatic force
KW  - Four body problem
KW  - Levitation conditions
KW  - Lofting
N1  - Accession Number: 85923872; Maruskin, Jared 1; Email Address: maruskin@math.sjsu.edu Bellerose, Julie 2 Wong, Macken 3 Mitchell, Lara 3 Richardson, David 3 Mathews, Douglas 3 Nguyen, Tri 3 Ganeshalingam, Usha 3 Ma, Gina 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, San José State University, San Jose USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  3: San José State University, San Jose USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 115 Issue 3, p281; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Binary asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charged debris; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust levitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic force; Author-Supplied Keyword: Four body problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Levitation conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lofting; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10569-012-9465-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buckwalter, Patrick
AU  - Embaye, Tsegereda
AU  - Gormly, Sherwin
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - Dewatering microalgae by forward osmosis
JO  - Desalination
JF  - Desalination
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 312
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 22
SN  - 00119164
AB  - Abstract: Microalgae are known to be an excellent source of biofuels, but many issues surrounding the scale and economics of their cultivation have yet to be resolved. In particular, dewatering methods, such as centrifugation and tangential flow filtration, are prohibitively energy intensive. In this study, forward osmosis (FO) is considered as a partial dewatering method for microalgae growing on wastewater in a marine environment. Using artificial seawater as the draw solution, average dewatering rates of 2l/m2 membrane/h (range 1.8–2.4l/m2 h) were observed and volumes decreased by 65–85%. For a single membrane, daily dewatering rates did not significantly change in 14 consecutive experiments. Hourly dewatering rates did not gradually decrease, as might be expected; instead the dewatering rate oscillated throughout each experiment. Exposing an FO membrane in the ocean for 45days caused significant biofouling on its surface, but its dewatering rate did not change. Exposing three FO membranes in the ocean for 52days also caused significant biofouling, but in this experiment all membranes developed leaks that allowed saltwater to pass. These experiments suggest that FO may be an energy-saving step in dewatering freshwater microalgae if an appropriate draw solution is available and if conditions are controlled to prevent leakage. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Desalination is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OSMOSIS
KW  - WATER -- Filtration
KW  - MICROALGAE
KW  - BIOMASS energy
KW  - WASTEWATER treatment
KW  - MARINE ecology
KW  - ARTIFICIAL seawater
KW  - MEMBRANE separation
KW  - a common microalgal growth medium ( BG-11 )
KW  - Biofouling
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - Dewatering
KW  - forward osmosis ( FO )
KW  - liter per square meter of membrane per hour ( l/m2 h )
KW  - Microalgae harvesting
KW  - OMEGA
KW  - Osmosis
N1  - Accession Number: 85279618; Buckwalter, Patrick 1 Embaye, Tsegereda 2 Gormly, Sherwin 1 Trent, Jonathan D. 3; Email Address: jonathan.d.trent@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, 10211 Wincopin Circle, Suite 500 Columbia, MD 21044-3432, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 312, p19; Subject Term: OSMOSIS; Subject Term: WATER -- Filtration; Subject Term: MICROALGAE; Subject Term: BIOMASS energy; Subject Term: WASTEWATER treatment; Subject Term: MARINE ecology; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL seawater; Subject Term: MEMBRANE separation; Author-Supplied Keyword: a common microalgal growth medium ( BG-11 ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofouling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dewatering; Author-Supplied Keyword: forward osmosis ( FO ); Author-Supplied Keyword: liter per square meter of membrane per hour ( l/m2 h ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Microalgae harvesting; Author-Supplied Keyword: OMEGA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osmosis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.desal.2012.12.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85279618&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stomeo, Francesca
AU  - Valverde, Angel
AU  - Pointing, Stephen
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley
AU  - Tuffin, Marla
AU  - Seely, Mary
AU  - Cowan, Don
T1  - Hypolithic and soil microbial community assembly along an aridity gradient in the Namib Desert.
JO  - Extremophiles
JF  - Extremophiles
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 337
SN  - 14310651
AB  - The Namib Desert is considered the oldest desert in the world and hyperarid for the last 5 million years. However, the environmental buffering provided by quartz and other translucent rocks supports extensive hypolithic microbial communities. In this study, open soil and hypolithic microbial communities have been investigated along an East-West transect characterized by an inverse fog-rainfall gradient. Multivariate analysis showed that structurally different microbial communities occur in soil and in hypolithic zones. Using variation partitioning, we found that hypolithic communities exhibited a fog-related distribution as indicated by the significant East-West clustering. Sodium content was also an important environmental factor affecting the composition of both soil and hypolithic microbial communities. Finally, although null models for patterns in microbial communities were not supported by experimental data, the amount of unexplained variation (68-97 %) suggests that stochastic processes also play a role in the assembly of such communities in the Namib Desert. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Extremophiles is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL microbiology
KW  - SOIL composition
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - MULTIVARIATE analysis
KW  - NAMIB Desert (Namibia)
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Hypoliths
KW  - Namib Desert
KW  - Niche
KW  - Soils
N1  - Accession Number: 85860555; Stomeo, Francesca; Email Address: f.stomeo@cgiar.org Valverde, Angel Pointing, Stephen 1 McKay, Christopher 2 Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley 2 Tuffin, Marla 3 Seely, Mary 4 Cowan, Don; Email Address: don.cowan@up.ac.za; Affiliation:  1: School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142 New Zealand  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 Moffett Field 94035 USA  3: Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics (IMBM), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town South Africa  4: Desert Research Foundation of Namibia, P.O. Box 20232 Windhoek Namibia; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p329; Subject Term: SOIL microbiology; Subject Term: SOIL composition; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: NAMIB Desert (Namibia); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Namib Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Niche; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soils; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00792-013-0519-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85860555&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stüeken, E. E.
AU  - Anderson, R. E.
AU  - Bowman, J. S.
AU  - Brazelton, W. J.
AU  - Colangelo-Lillis, J.
AU  - Goldman, A. D.
AU  - Som, S. M.
AU  - Baross, J. A.
T1  - Did life originate from a global chemical reactor?
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 126
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Many decades of experimental and theoretical research on the origin of life have yielded important discoveries regarding the chemical and physical conditions under which organic compounds can be synthesized and polymerized. However, such conditions often seem mutually exclusive, because they are rarely encountered in a single environmental setting. As such, no convincing models explain how living cells formed from abiotic constituents. Here, we propose a new approach that considers the origin of life within the global context of the Hadean Earth. We review previous ideas and synthesize them in four central hypotheses: (i) Multiple microenvironments contributed to the building blocks of life, and these niches were not necessarily inhabitable by the first organisms; (ii) Mineral catalysts were the backbone of prebiotic reaction networks that led to modern metabolism; (iii) Multiple local and global transport processes were essential for linking reactions occurring in separate locations; (iv) Global diversity and local selection of reactants and products provided mechanisms for the generation of most of the diverse building blocks necessary for life. We conclude that no single environmental setting can offer enough chemical and physical diversity for life to originate. Instead, any plausible model for the origin of life must acknowledge the geological complexity and diversity of the Hadean Earth. Future research may therefore benefit from identifying further linkages between organic precursors, minerals, and fluids in various environmental contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactors
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - POLYMERIZATION
KW  - HADEAN
KW  - GEOBIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 85400788; Stüeken, E. E. 1,2 Anderson, R. E. 2,3 Bowman, J. S. 2,3 Brazelton, W. J. 2,3 Colangelo-Lillis, J. 2,3,4 Goldman, A. D. 2,5,6 Som, S. M. 1,2,7,8 Baross, J. A. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington  2: Astrobiology Program, University of Washington  3: School of Oceanography, University of Washington  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University  5: Department of Microbiology, University of Washington  6: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University  7: Blue Marble Space Institute of Science  8: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p101; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactors; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: POLYMERIZATION; Subject Term: HADEAN; Subject Term: GEOBIOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85400788&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burr, Devon M.
AU  - Perron, J. Taylor
AU  - Lamb, Michael P.
AU  - Irwin III, Rossman P.
AU  - Collins, Geoffrey C.
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Sklar, Leonard S.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Ádámkovics, Máté
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Drummond, Sarah A.
AU  - Black, Benjamin A.
T1  - Fluvial features on Titan: Insights from morphology and modeling.
JO  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
JF  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 125
IS  - 3-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 321
SN  - 00167606
AB  - Fluvial features on Titan have been identified in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data taken during spacecraft flybys by the Cassini Titan Radar Mapper (RADAR) and in Descent Imager/Spectral Radiometer (DISR) images taken during descent of the Huygens probe to the surface. Interpretations using terrestrial analogs and process mechanics extend our perspective on fluvial geomorphology to another world and offer insight into their formative processes. At the landscape scale, the varied morphologies of Titan's fluvial networks imply a variety of mechanical controls, including structural influence, on channelized flows. At the reach scale, the various morphologies of individual fluvial features, implying a broad range of fluvial processes, suggest that (paleo-)flows did not occupy the entire observed width of the features. DISR images provide a spatially limited view of uplands dissected by valley networks, also likely formed by overland flows, which are not visible in lower-resolution SAR data. This high-resolution snapshot suggests that some fluvial features observed in SAR data may be river valleys rather than channels, and that uplands elsewhere on Titan may also have fine-scale fluvial dissection that is not resolved in SAR data. Radar-bright terrain with crenulated bright and dark bands is hypothesized here to be a signature of fine-scale fluvial dissection. Fluvial deposition is inferred to occur in braided channels, in (paleo)lake basins, and on SAR-dark plains, and DISR images at the surface indicate the presence of fluvial sediment. Flow sufficient to move sediment is inferred from observations and modeling of atmospheric processes, which support the inference from surface morphology of precipitation-fed fluvial processes . With material properties appropriate for Titan, terrestrial hydraulic equations are applicable to flow on Titan for fully turbulent flow and rough boundaries. For low-Reynolds-number flow over smooth boundaries, however, knowledge of fluid kinematic viscosity is necessary. Sediment movement and bed form development should occur at lower bed shear stress on Titan than on Earth. Scaling bedrock erosion, however, is hampered by uncertainties regarding Titan material properties. Overall, observations of Titan point to a world pervasively influenced by fluvial processes, for which appropriate terrestrial analogs and formulations may provide insight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Society of America Bulletin is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUVIAL geomorphology
KW  - SYNTHETIC aperture radar
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - HUYGENS' principle
KW  - VISCOSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 86894854; Burr, Devon M. 1; Email Address: dburr1@utk.edu Perron, J. Taylor 2 Lamb, Michael P. 3 Irwin III, Rossman P. 4 Collins, Geoffrey C. 5 Howard, Alan D. 6 Sklar, Leonard S. 7 Moore, Jeffrey M. 8 Ádámkovics, Máté 9 Baker, Victor R. 10 Drummond, Sarah A. 1 Black, Benjamin A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1410, USA  2: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA  3: Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, MC 170-25, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  4: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 315, 6th Street at Independence Avenue SW, Washington, District of Columbia 20013, USA  5: Physics and Astronomy Department, Wheaton College, 26 E. Main Street, Norton, Massachusetts 02766, USA  6: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4123, USA  7: Department of Geosciences, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, California 94132, USA  8: Space Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center , MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  9: Astronomy Department, University of California, 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-3411, USA  10: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, The University of Arizona, J.W. Harshbarger Building, Room 246, 1133 E. James E. Rogers Way, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0011, USA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 125 Issue 3-4, p299; Subject Term: FLUVIAL geomorphology; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC aperture radar; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: HUYGENS' principle; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/B30612.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hedman, M.M.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
AU  - Cuzzi, J.N.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Ciarniello, M.
T1  - Connections between spectra and structure in Saturn’s main rings based on Cassini VIMS data
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 223
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 130
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Saturn’s main rings exhibit variations in both their opacity and their spectral properties on a broad range of spatial scales, and the correlations between these parameters can provide insights into the processes that shape the composition and dynamics of the rings. The Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) instrument onboard the Cassini Spacecraft has obtained spectra of the rings between 0.35 and 5.2μm with sufficient spatial resolution to discern variations on scales below 200km. These relatively high-resolution spectral data reveal that both the depths of the near-infrared water–ice absorption bands and the visible spectral slopes are often correlated with structural parameters such as the rings’ optical depth. Using a simplified model for the ring-particles’ regolith properties, we have begun to disentangle the trends due to changes in the gross composition of the ring particles from those that may be due to shifts in the texture of the ring particles’ regolith. Consistent with previous studies, this analysis finds that the C ring and the Cassini Division possess enhanced concentrations of a contaminant that absorbs light over a broad range of wavelengths. On the other hand, a second contaminant that preferentially absorbs at short visible and near-ultraviolet wavelengths is found to be more evenly distributed throughout the rings. The optical activity of this short-wavelength absorber increases inwards of 100,000km from Saturn center, which may provide clues to the origin of this contaminant. The spectral variations identified as shifts in the regolith texture are in some places clearly correlated with the ring’s optical depth, and in other locations they appear to be associated with the disturbances generated by strong mean-motion resonances with Saturn’s various moons. These variations therefore seem to be controlled by the ring particles’ dynamical environment, and may even provide a new avenue for constraining the structure and mass density of Saturn’s most opaque ring regions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Saturn, Rings
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 85744603; Hedman, M.M. 1; Email Address: mmhedman@astro.cornell.edu Nicholson, P.D. 1 Cuzzi, J.N. 2 Clark, R.N. 3 Filacchione, G. 4 Capaccioni, F. 4 Ciarniello, M. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: US Geological Survey, Mail Stop 964, Box 25046, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  4: INAF–IAPS di Tor Vergata, via del Fosso del Cavailere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 223 Issue 1, p105; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.10.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85744603&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kite, Edwin S.
AU  - Halevy, Itay
AU  - Kahre, Melinda A.
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
AU  - Manga, Michael
T1  - Seasonal melting and the formation of sedimentary rocks on Mars, with predictions for the Gale Crater mound
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 223
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 210
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: A model for the formation and distribution of sedimentary rocks on Mars is proposed. In this model (ISEE-Mars), the rate-limiting step is supply of liquid water from seasonal melting of snow or ice. The model is run for a O(102) mbar pure CO2 atmosphere, dusty snow, and solar luminosity reduced by 23%. For these conditions snow melts only near the equator, when obliquity and eccentricity are high, and when perihelion occurs near equinox. These requirements for melting are satisfied by 0.01–20% of the probability distribution of Mars’ past spin–orbit parameters. This fraction is small, consistent with the geologic record of metastable surface liquid water acting as a “wet-pass filter” of Mars climate history, only recording orbital conditions that permitted surface liquid water. Total melt production is sufficient to account for observed aqueous alteration. The pattern of seasonal snowmelt is integrated over all spin–orbit parameters and compared to the observed distribution of sedimentary rocks. The global distribution of snowmelt has maxima in Valles Marineris, Meridiani Planum and Gale Crater. These correspond to maxima in the sedimentary-rock distribution. Higher pressures and especially higher temperatures lead to melting over a broader range of spin–orbit parameters. The pattern of sedimentary rocks on Mars is most consistent with a model Mars paleoclimate that only rarely produced enough meltwater to precipitate aqueous cements (sulfates, carbonates, phyllosilicates and silica) and indurate sediment. This is consistent with observations suggesting that surface aqueous alteration on Mars was brief and at low water/rock ratio. The results suggest intermittency of snowmelt and long globally-dry intervals, unfavorable for past life on Mars. This model makes testable predictions for the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover at Gale Crater’s mound (Mount Sharp, Aeolis Mons). Gale Crater’s mound is predicted to be a hemispheric maximum for snowmelt on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEASONAL temperature variations
KW  - FUSION (Phase transformation)
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 85744607; Kite, Edwin S. 1; Email Address: ekite@caltech.edu Halevy, Itay 2 Kahre, Melinda A. 3 Wolff, Michael J. 4 Manga, Michael 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Department of Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  5: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: Center for Integrative Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 223 Issue 1, p181; Subject Term: SEASONAL temperature variations; Subject Term: FUSION (Phase transformation); Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.11.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
T1  - Estimating the power of Mars’ greenhouse effect
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 223
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 619
EP  - 620
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Extensive modeling of Mars in conjunction with in situ observations suggests that the annual average global mean surface temperature is . Yet its effective temperature, i.e., the temperature at which a blackbody radiates away the energy it absorbs, is Te ∼208K. How can a planet with a CO2 atmosphere have a mean annual surface temperature that is actually less than its effective temperature? We use the Ames General Circulation Model explain why this is the case and point out that the correct comparison of the effective temperature is with the effective surface temperature Tse , which is the fourth root of the annual and globally averaged value of . This may seem obvious, but the distinction is often not recognized in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - CONJUNCTIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - PLANETS -- Temperature
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Effective temperature
KW  - Greenhouse effect
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 85744637; Haberle, Robert M. 1; Email Address: Robert.M.Haberle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 223 Issue 1, p619; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: CONJUNCTIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Temperature; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Effective temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenhouse effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.12.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85744637&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kessler, Paul D.
AU  - Killough, Brian D.
AU  - Gowda, Sanjay
AU  - Williams, Brian R.
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Qu, Min
T1  - CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE) Tool for Intercalibration of Satellite Instruments.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1081
EP  - 1087
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Increasingly, data from multiple instruments are used to gain a more complete understanding of land surface processes at a variety of scales. Intercalibration, comparison, and coordination of satellite instrument coverage areas is a critical effort of international and domestic space agencies and organizations. The Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Visualization Environment (COVE) is a suite of browser-based applications that leverage Google Earth to display past, present, and future satellite instrument coverage areas and coincident calibration opportunities. This forecasting and ground coverage analysis and visualization capability greatly benefits the remote sensing calibration community in preparation for multisatellite ground calibration campaigns or individual satellite calibration studies. COVE has been developed for use by a broad international community to improve the efficiency and efficacy of such calibration planning efforts, whether those efforts require past, present, or future predictions. This paper provides a brief overview of the COVE tool, its validation, accuracies, and limitations with emphasis on the applicability of this visualization tool for supporting ground field campaigns and intercalibration of satellite instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - IPAD (Computer)
KW  - Acquisition
KW  - Calibration
KW  - CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE)
KW  - coincident ground observation
KW  - Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS)
KW  - Communities
KW  - Earth
KW  - Google
KW  - Instruments
KW  - iPad
KW  - iPhone
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - satellites
KW  - Simplified General Perturbation 4 (SGP4)
KW  - swath
KW  - Systems Tool Kit (STK)
KW  - Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV)
KW  - GOOGLE Inc.
N1  - Accession Number: 85921425; Kessler, Paul D. 1 Killough, Brian D. 2 Gowda, Sanjay 1 Williams, Brian R. 1 Chander, Gyanesh 3 Qu, Min 1; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  2: CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., Sioux Falls, SD, USA; Source Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1081; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: IPAD (Computer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Acquisition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE); Author-Supplied Keyword: coincident ground observation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Communities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Google; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: iPad; Author-Supplied Keyword: iPhone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simplified General Perturbation 4 (SGP4); Author-Supplied Keyword: swath; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systems Tool Kit (STK); Author-Supplied Keyword: Working Group on Calibration and Validation (WGCV); Company/Entity: GOOGLE Inc. Ticker: GOOG; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2235841
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Morstad, Daniel
AU  - Scarino, Benjamin R.
AU  - Bhatt, Rajendra
AU  - Gopalan, Arun
T1  - The Characterization of Deep Convective Clouds as an Invariant Calibration Target and as a Visible Calibration Technique.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1147
EP  - 1159
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Deep convective clouds (DCCs) are ideal visible calibration targets because they are bright nearly isotropic solar reflectors located over the tropics and they can be easily identified using a simple infrared threshold. Because all satellites view DCCs, DCCs provide the opportunity to uniformly monitor the stability of all operational sensors, both historical and present. A collective DCC anisotropically corrected radiance calibration approach is used to construct monthly probability distribution functions (PDFs) to monitor sensor stability. The DCC calibration targets were stable to within 0.5\% and 0.3 \% per decade when the selection criteria were optimized based on Aqua MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 0.65-\mu\m-band radiances. The Tropical Western Pacific (TWP), African, and South American regions were identified as the dominant DCC domains. For the 0.65-\mu\m band, the PDF mode statistic is preferable, providing 0.3\% regional consistency and 1\% temporal uncertainty over land regions. It was found that the DCC within the TWP had the lowest radiometric response and DCC over land did not necessarily have the highest radiometric response. For wavelengths greater than 1 \mu\m, the mean statistic is preferred, and land regions provided a regional variability of 0.7 \% with a temporal uncertainty of 1.1 \% where the DCC land response was higher than the response over ocean. Unlike stratus and cirrus clouds, the DCC spectra were not affected by water vapor absorption. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - Aqua MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Clouds
KW  - deep convective clouds (DCCs)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - pseudoinvariant calibration targets
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - visible imager calibration
N1  - Accession Number: 85921405; Doelling, David R. 1 Morstad, Daniel 2 Scarino, Benjamin R. 2 Bhatt, Rajendra 2 Gopalan, Arun 2; Affiliation:  1: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1147; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep convective clouds (DCCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: pseudoinvariant calibration targets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: visible imager calibration; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2225066
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85921405&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Scarino, Benjamin R.
AU  - Morstad, Daniel
AU  - Gopalan, Arun
AU  - Bhatt, Rajendra
AU  - Lukashin, Constantine
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
T1  - The Intercalibration of Geostationary Visible Imagers Using Operational Hyperspectral SCIAMACHY Radiances.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1245
EP  - 1254
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Spectral band differences between sensors can complicate the process of intercalibration of a visible sensor against a reference sensor. This can be best addressed by using a hyperspectral reference sensor whenever possible because they can be used to accurately mitigate the band differences. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using operational Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY) large-footprint hyperspectral radiances to calibrate geostationary Earth-observing (GEO) sensors. Near simultaneous nadir overpass measurements were used to compare the temporal calibration of SCIAMACHY with Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer band radiances, which were found to be consistent to within 0.44% over seven years. An operational SCIAMACHY/GEO ray-matching technique was presented, along with enhancements to improve radiance pair sampling. These enhancements did not bias the underlying intercalibration and provided enough sampling to allow up to monthly monitoring of the GEO sensor degradation. The results of the SCIAMACHY/GEO intercalibration were compared with other operational four-year Meteosat-9 0.65-\mu\m calibration coefficients and were found to be within 1% of the gain, and more importantly, it had one of the lowest temporal standard errors of all the methods. This is more than likely that the GEO spectral response function could be directly applied to the SCIAMACHY radiances, whereas the other operational methods inferred a spectral correction factor. This method allows the validation of the spectral corrections required by other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Geostationary visible imager calibration
KW  - Hyperspectral sensors
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY)
KW  - Sensors
KW  - spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF)
KW  - Standards
N1  - Accession Number: 85921415; Doelling, David R. 1 Scarino, Benjamin R. 2 Morstad, Daniel 2 Gopalan, Arun 2 Bhatt, Rajendra 2 Lukashin, Constantine 1 Minnis, Patrick 1; Affiliation:  1: Climate Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1245; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geostationary visible imager calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Standards; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2227760
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85921415&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Mishra, Nischal
AU  - Helder, Dennis L.
AU  - Aaron, David B.
AU  - Angal, Amit
AU  - Choi, Taeyoung
AU  - Xiong, Xiaoxiong
AU  - Doelling, David R.
T1  - Applications of Spectral Band Adjustment Factors (SBAF) for Cross-Calibration.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1267
EP  - 1281
SN  - 01962892
AB  - To monitor land surface processes over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, it is critical to have coordinated observations of the Earth's surface acquired from multiple spaceborne imaging sensors. However, an integrated global observation framework requires an understanding of how land surface processes are seen differently by various sensors. This is particularly true for sensors acquiring data in spectral bands whose relative spectral responses (RSRs) are not similar and thus may produce different results while observing the same target. The intrinsic offsets between two sensors caused by RSR mismatches can be compensated by using a spectral band adjustment factor (SBAF), which takes into account the spectral profile of the target and the RSR of the two sensors. The motivation of this work comes from the need to compensate the spectral response differences of multispectral sensors in order to provide a more accurate cross-calibration between the sensors. In this paper, radiometric cross-calibration of the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and the Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors was performed using near-simultaneous observations over the Libya 4 pseudoinvariant calibration site in the visible and near-infrared spectral range. The RSR differences of the analogous ETM+ and MODIS spectral bands provide the opportunity to explore, understand, quantify, and compensate for the measurement differences between these two sensors. The cross-calibration was initially performed by comparing the top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectances between the two sensors over their lifetimes. The average percent differences in the long-term trends ranged from -5% to +6%. The RSR compensated ETM+ TOA reflectance (ETM+ ^\ast) measurements were then found to agree with MODIS TOA reflectance to within 5% for all bands when Earth Observing-1 Hyperion hyperspectral data were used to produce the SBAFs. These differences were later reduced to within 1% for all bands (except band 2) by using Environmental Satellite Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography hyperspectral data to produce the SBAFs. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in ecology
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Earth
KW  - Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion
KW  - Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY)
KW  - Hyperspectral sensors
KW  - Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - radiometric cross-calibration
KW  - relative spectral response (RSR)
KW  - Sensors
KW  - spectral band adjustment factors (SBAFs)
KW  - Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 85921406; Chander, Gyanesh 1 Mishra, Nischal 2 Helder, Dennis L. 2 Aaron, David B. 2 Angal, Amit 3 Choi, Taeyoung 4 Xiong, Xiaoxiong 5 Doelling, David R. 6; Affiliation:  1: SGT, Inc., Sioux Falls, USA  2: South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications (SSAI), Inc., Lanham, MD, USA  4: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, USA  5: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt , MD, USA  6: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1267; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in ecology; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental Satellite (Envisat) Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Cartography (SCIAMACHY); Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperspectral sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat 7 (L7) Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometric cross-calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: relative spectral response (RSR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectral band adjustment factors (SBAFs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85921406&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henry, Patrice
AU  - Chander, Gyanesh
AU  - Fougnie, Bertrand
AU  - Thomas, Colin
AU  - Xiong, Xiaoxiong
T1  - Assessment of Spectral Band Impact on Intercalibration Over Desert Sites Using Simulation Based on EO-1 Hyperion Data.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1297
EP  - 1308
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Since the beginning of the 1990s, stable desert sites have been used for the calibration monitoring of many different sensors. Many attempts at sensor intercalibration have been also conducted using these stable desert sites. As a result, site characterization techniques and the quality of intercalibration techniques have gradually improved over the years. More recently, the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites has recommended a list of reference pseudo-invariant calibration sites for frequent image acquisition by multiple agencies. In general, intercalibration should use well-known or spectrally flat reference. The reflectance profile of desert sites, however, might not be flat or well characterized (from a fine spectral point of view). The aim of this paper is to assess the expected accuracy that can be reached when using desert sites for intercalibration. In order to have a well-mastered estimation of different errors or error sources, this study is performed with simulated data from a hyperspectral sensor. Earth Observing-1 Hyperion images are chosen to provide the simulation input data. Two different cases of intercalibration are considered, namely, Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus with Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Environmental Satellite MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) with Aqua MODIS. The simulation results have confirmed that intercalibration accuracy of 1% to 2% can be achieved between sensors, provided there are a sufficient number of available measurements. The simulated intercalibrations allow explaining results obtained during real intercalibration exercises and to establish some recommendations for the use of desert sites for intercalibration. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - DESERTS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Earth
KW  - Envisat MERIS
KW  - EO-1 Hyperion
KW  - intercalibration
KW  - L7 ETM+
KW  - MODIS
KW  - radiometric calibration
KW  - reflected solar band
KW  - relative spectral response (RSR)
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Sensor phenomena and characterization
KW  - simulation
KW  - Terra and Aqua MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 85921408; Henry, Patrice 1 Chander, Gyanesh 2 Fougnie, Bertrand 1 Thomas, Colin 3 Xiong, Xiaoxiong 4; Affiliation:  1: Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, Toulouse Cedex 9, France  2: SGT, Inc., Sioux Falls, USA  3: Thales Services, Neuilly-sur-Seine Cedex, France  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt , MD, USA; Source Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1297; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: DESERTS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Envisat MERIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: EO-1 Hyperion; Author-Supplied Keyword: intercalibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: L7 ETM+; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflected solar band; Author-Supplied Keyword: relative spectral response (RSR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensor phenomena and characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra and Aqua MODIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228210
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85921408&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lukashin, Constantine
AU  - Wielicki, Bruce A.
AU  - Young, David F.
AU  - Thome, Kurt
AU  - Jin, Zhonghai
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
T1  - Uncertainty Estimates for Imager Reference Inter-Calibration With CLARREO Reflected Solar Spectrometer.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1425
EP  - 1436
SN  - 01962892
AB  - One of the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission objectives is to provide a high accuracy calibration standard on orbit to enable inter-calibration of existing sensors. In order to perform an accurate inter-calibration of imaging radiometers, such as VIIRS, one must take into account instrument sensitivity to polarization of incoming light. Even if the sensitivity to polarization of an instrument is established or known on orbit, the knowledge of the polarization state of reflected light is required to make relevant radiometric corrections. In the case when coincident polarimetric measurements are not available, we propose to use a combination of empirical and theoretical models to predict the polarization of solar reflected light at the top-of-atmosphere. We used observations from on-orbit polarimeter PARASOL to derive a global set of empirical Polarization Distribution Models (PDM) as a function of scene type and viewing geometry. The PDM accuracy for the mean values is estimated to match the 3% PARASOL uncertainty in its polarization measurements. The instantaneous single sample uncertainty of the prototype PDMs for the linear degree of polarization is contained within 15%. We also present the formalism and numeric estimates for resulting uncertainty for inter-calibration of an imaging radiometer with the CLARREO reference observations, including uncertainty due to instrument sensitivity to polarization. The uncertainty estimates consider a range of scenarios with varying data sampling, uncertainty of polarization, and imaging radiometer sensitivity to polarization. These results are used to recommend CLARREO mission requirements relevant to reference inter-calibration and polarization effects. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - Accuracy
KW  - Atmospheric modeling
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Oceans
KW  - polarization
KW  - radiometry
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 85921421; Lukashin, Constantine 1 Wielicki, Bruce A. 1 Young, David F. 1 Thome, Kurt 2 Jin, Zhonghai 3 Sun, Wenbo 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1425; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis -- Instruments; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oceans; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2233480
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85921421&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Biswas, Sayak K.
AU  - Farrar, Spencer
AU  - Gopalan, Kaushik
AU  - Santos-Garcia, Andrea
AU  - Jones, W. Linwood
AU  - Bilanow, Stephen
T1  - Intercalibration of Microwave Radiometer Brightness Temperatures for the Global Precipitation Measurement Mission.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1465
EP  - 1477
SN  - 01962892
AB  - A technique for comparing spaceborne microwave radiometer brightness temperatures (Tb) is described in the context of the upcoming National Aeronautics and Space Administration Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission. The GPM mission strategy is to measure precipitation globally with high temporal resolution by using a constellation of satellite radiometers logically united by the GPM core satellite, which will be in a non-sun-synchronous medium inclination orbit. The usefulness of the combined product depends on the consistency of precipitation retrievals from the various microwave radiometers. The Tb calibration requirement to achieve such consistency demands first that Tb's from the individual radiometers be free of instrument and measurement artifacts and, second, that these self-consistent Tb's will be translated to a common standard (GPM core) for the unification of the precipitation retrieval. The intersatellite radiometric calibration technique described herein serves both the purposes by comparing individual radiometer observations to radiative transfer model (RTM) simulations (for “self-consistency” check) and by using a double-difference technique (to establish a linear calibration transfer function from one radiometer to another). This double-difference technique subtracts the RTM-simulated difference from the observed difference between a pair of radiometer Tb's. To establish a linear inter-radiometer calibration transfer function, comparisons at both the cold (ocean) and the warm (land) end of the Tb's are necessary so that, using these two points, slope and offset coefficients are determined. To this end, a simplified calibration transfer technique at the warm end (over the Amazon and Congo rain forest) is introduced. Finally, an error model is described that provides an estimate of the uncertainty of the radiometric bias estimate between comparison radiometer channels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - MICROWAVE radiometers
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - Atmospheric modeling
KW  - Brightness temperature
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Intersatellite Radiometer Calibration Working Group (XCAL)
KW  - Instruments
KW  - intersatellite radiometric calibration
KW  - microwave radiometry
KW  - Ocean temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 85921400; Biswas, Sayak K. 1 Farrar, Spencer 2 Gopalan, Kaushik 3 Santos-Garcia, Andrea 4 Jones, W. Linwood 2 Bilanow, Stephen 5; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville , AL, USA  2: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida , Orlando, FL, USA  3: Space Applications Center, Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Ahmedabad, India  4: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA  5: Wyle Information Systems, McLean, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1465; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: MICROWAVE radiometers; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Intersatellite Radiometer Calibration Working Group (XCAL); Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: intersatellite radiometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2217148
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85921400&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial: 2012 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1005
SN  - 00189480
AB  - The ten papers in this special section were presented at the IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, Montreal, QC, Canada, June 17-19, 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO frequency integrated circuits
KW  - IEEE 802.11 (Standard)
KW  - Integrated circuits
KW  - Meetings
KW  - Radio frequency
KW  - Special issues and sections
N1  - Accession Number: 85988403; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p1005; Subject Term: RADIO frequency integrated circuits; Subject Term: IEEE 802.11 (Standard); Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meetings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Special issues and sections; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2244371
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85988403&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, John E.
AU  - Adamovsky, Grigory
AU  - Gucker, Sarah Nowak
AU  - Blankson, Isaiah M.
T1  - A Comparative Study of the Time-Resolved Decomposition of Methylene Blue Dye Under the Action of a Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed DBD Plasma Jet Using Liquid Chromatography and Spectrophotometry.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 41
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 503
EP  - 512
SN  - 00933813
AB  - An underwater dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma jet excited by a repetitively pulsed nanosecond pulsed power modulator was used to study plasma-induced decolorization of a 1.4 \times 10^-4\ \M solution of methylene blue (MB). Past plasma decolorization studies have focused on spectrophotometry as the main diagnostic to assess decomposition. Because spectrophotometry is a measure of changes in the structure of molecular color, it is not an absolute measure of decomposition. In this paper, high-pressure liquid chromatography is used in parallel with spectrophotometry for comparison purposes and to assess the degree of true decomposition. Spectrophotometry results were found to be in agreement with chromatography measurements, suggesting that, at least in the case of MB, spectrophotometry is an adequate measure of decomposition. Additionally, the utility of a dual plasma jet applicator for rapid contaminant decomposition was explored. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - PULSED power systems
KW  - PLASMA jets
KW  - MODULATORS (Electronics)
KW  - LIQUID chromatography
KW  - METHYLENE blue
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - Absorption
KW  - nonequilibrium
KW  - plasmas
KW  - pulsed power
KW  - water
N1  - Accession Number: 85988435; Foster, John E. 1 Adamovsky, Grigory 2 Gucker, Sarah Nowak 1 Blankson, Isaiah M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor , MI, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, University of Michigan, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 41 Issue 3, p503; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: PULSED power systems; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; Subject Term: MODULATORS (Electronics); Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography; Subject Term: METHYLENE blue; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonequilibrium; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsed power; Author-Supplied Keyword: water; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2013.2245426
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85988435&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gabb, T.P.
AU  - Gayda, J.
AU  - Telesman, J.
AU  - Ghosn, L.J.
AU  - Garg, A.
T1  - Factors influencing dwell fatigue life in notches of a powder metallurgy superalloy
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 48
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 67
SN  - 01421123
AB  - Abstract: The influences of heat treatment and cyclic dwells on the notch fatigue resistance of powder metallurgy disk superalloys were investigated for the LSHR disk superalloy. Disks were processed to produce material conditions with varied microstructures and associated mechanical properties. Notched specimens were subjected to fatigue cycles having a dwell at maximum load, as well as tensile, stress relaxation, creep rupture, and dwell fatigue crack growth tests at 704°C. Two material conditions displayed a wide distribution of fatigue lives, with low lives reduced by two orders of magnitude, while others had more consistent fatigue lives. The occurrence of these very low lives was compared to other mechanical properties, in search of correlations. The low life failures for dwell fatigue life were correlated with material conditions giving highest ultimate tensile strengths and stress relaxation resistance. These results were analyzed by modeling relaxation of peak stresses in the notch with continued dwell fatigue cycling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - STRESS relaxation (Mechanics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - Disk
KW  - Dwells
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Notch
KW  - Superalloy
N1  - Accession Number: 85419934; Gabb, T.P. 1; Email Address: tim.gabb@grc.nasa.gov Gayda, J. 1 Telesman, J. 1 Ghosn, L.J. 1 Garg, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, United States; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 48, p55; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: STRESS relaxation (Mechanics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dwells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Notch; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.10.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85419934&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan
AU  - Potsdam, Mark
AU  - Wissink, Andrew
AU  - Buvaneswari Jayaraman!
AU  - Datta, Anubhav
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri
AU  - Saberi, Hossein
T1  - Rotor Loads Prediction Using Helios: A Multisolver Framework for Rotorcraft Aeromechanics Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 478
EP  - 492
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper documents the prediction of UH-6OA Black Hawk aerodynamic loading using the multisolver Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics analysis framework for rotorcraft Hellos for a range of critical steady forward flight conditions. Comparisons with available flight test data are provided for all of the predictions. The Hellos framework combines multiple solvers and multiple grid paradigms (unstructured and adaptive Cartesian) such that the advantages of each paradigm is preserved. Further, the software is highly automated for execution and designed in a modular fashion to minimize the burden on both the users and developers. The technical approach presented herein provides details of all of the participant modules and the interfaces used for their integration into the software framework. The results composed of sectional aerodynamic loading and wake visualizations are presented. Solution-based adapative mesh refinement, a salient feature of the Hellos framework, is explored for all flight conditions and comparisons are provided for both aerodynamic loading and vortex wake structure with and without adaptive mesh refinement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - COMPUTER-aided design
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Defense
N1  - Accession Number: 87628093; Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan 1 Potsdam, Mark 2 Wissink, Andrew 2 Buvaneswari Jayaraman! 3 Datta, Anubhav 3 Mavriplis, Dimitri 4 Saberi, Hossein 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071  2: U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: University of Wyoming, Loramie, Wyoming 82071  5: Advanced Rotorcraft Technology, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94085; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p478; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided design; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Defense; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031897
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87628093&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Correia Grácio, Bruno Jorge
AU  - Valente Pais, Ana Rita
AU  - van Paassen, M. M. (René)
AU  - Mu1der, Max
AU  - Kelly, Lon C.
AU  - Houck, Jacob A.
T1  - Optimal and Coherence Zone Comparison Within and Between Flight Simulators.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 507
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In flight simulation, motion.cueing algorithms are used to transform aircraft motion into motion within the simulator limits. When looking for the best match between visual and inertial amplitude in a simulator, researchers have found that there is a range of inertial amplitudes, rather than a single inertial value, that is perceived by subjects as optimal. This zone, hereafter referred to as the optimal zone, seems to correlate to the perceptual coherence zones measured in flight simulators. However, no studies were found in which these two zones were compired. This study investigates the relation between the optimal and the coherence-zone measurements within and between different simulators. An experiment was conducted at NASA Langley Research Center, where two simulators were used to measure the optimal and the coherence zone in the sway axis. Results show that the optimal zone lies within the coherence zone. The center of the optimal zone is significantly lower than the center of the coherence zone. In addition, it was found that, whereas the width of the coherence zone depends on the visual amplitude and frequency, the width of the optimal zone remains constanL No statistical differences between the two simulators were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT simulators
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - AMPLITUDE modulation
KW  - FOURIER transforms
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 87628094; Correia Grácio, Bruno Jorge 1 Valente Pais, Ana Rita 1 van Paassen, M. M. (René) 1 Mu1der, Max 1 Kelly, Lon C. 2 Houck, Jacob A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Deift University of Technology, 2600 GB Deift, The Netherlands  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p493; Subject Term: FLIGHT simulators; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE modulation; Subject Term: FOURIER transforms; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031870
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87628094&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
T1  - Investigation of UH-60A Rotor Performance and Loads at High Advance Ratios.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 576
EP  - 589
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Wind tunnel measurements of the performance, airloads, and structural loads of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor operating at high advance ratios (up to 1.0) are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis Comprehensive Analytical Model of Rotorcraft Aerodynamics and Dynamics II to understand physics and quantify this comprehensive code's accuracy and reliability in the prediction of rotor performance and loads at high-advance ratios. Detailed comparisons are made on rotor thrust, control angles, power, and section loads to illustrate and understand unique aeromechanics phenomena in this regime. The analysis correctly predicts the thrust reversal with collective at high advance ratios. Rotor induced plus profile power is also reasonably well predicted with proper modeling of the shank. Airloads and structural loads correlation is fair. A significant underprediction of 2-per-revolution structural loads is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 87628101; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Aeroflighidynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p576; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter); Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031958
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87628101&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roithmayr, Carlos M.
AU  - Hodges, Dewey H.
T1  - Identifying Sets of Constraint Forces by Inspection.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 80
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 00218936
AB  - A mechanical system is often modeled as a set of particles and rigid bodies, some of which are constrained in one way or another. A concise method is proposed for identifying a set of constraint forces needed to ensure the restrictions are met. Identification consists of determining the direction of each constraint force and the point at which it must be applied, as well as the direction of the torque of each constraint force couple, together with the body on which the couple acts. This important information can be determined simply by inspecting constraint equations written in vector form. For the kinds of constraints commonly encountered, the constraint equations are expressed in terms of dot products involving velocities of the affected points or particles and angular velocities of the bodies concerned. The technique of expressing constraint equations in vector form and identifying constraint forces by inspection is useful when one is deriving explicit, analytical equations of motion by hand or with the aid of symbolic algebra software, as demonstrated with several examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RIGID bodies (Mechanics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - EQUATIONS of motion
KW  - ANGULAR velocity
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - constraint forces
KW  - holonomic constraint equations
KW  - Kane's method
KW  - Lagrange multipliers
KW  - nonholonomic constraint equations
KW  - undetermined multipliers
N1  - Accession Number: 87074044; Roithmayr, Carlos M. 1; Email Address: carlos.m.rolthmayr@nasa.gov Hodges, Dewey H. 2; Email Address: dhodges@gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Professor, School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 80 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: RIGID bodies (Mechanics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of motion; Subject Term: ANGULAR velocity; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: constraint forces; Author-Supplied Keyword: holonomic constraint equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kane's method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lagrange multipliers; Author-Supplied Keyword: nonholonomic constraint equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: undetermined multipliers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4007577
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87074044&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milos, F. S.
AU  - Chen, Y.-K.
T1  - Ablation Predictions for Carbonaceous Materials Using Two Databases for Species Thermodynamics.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 245
EP  - 255
SN  - 00224650
AB  - During previous work at NASA Ames Research Center, most ablation predictions were obtained using a species thermodynamics database derived primarily from the JANAF thermochemical tables. However, the chemical equilibrium with applications thermodynamics database, also used by NASA, is considered more up to date. In this work, ablation analyses were performed for carbon and carbon phenolic materials using both sets of species thermodynamics. The ablation predictions are comparable at low and moderate heat fluxes, where the dominant mechanism is carbon oxidation. For high heat fluxes where sublimation is important, the predictions differ, with the chemical equilibrium with applications model predicting a lower ablation rate. The disagreement is greater for carbon phenolic than for carbon, and this difference is attributed to hydrocarbon species that may contribute to the ablation rate. Sample calculations for representative Orion and Stardust environments show significant differences only in the sublimation regime. For Stardust, if the calculations include a nominal environmental uncertainty for aeroheating, then the chemical equilibrium with applications model predicts a range of recession that is consistent with measurements for both heatshield cores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - THERMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CARBON
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - SUBLIMATION (Chemistry)
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 86993511; Milos, F. S. 1,2,3 Chen, Y.-K. 1,2,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001  2: Aerospace Engineer, Thermal Protection Materials Branch, MS 234-1  3: Senior Member, AIAA  4: Member, AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p245; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: THERMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: SUBLIMATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32316
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86993511&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Yih-Kanq
AU  - Milos, Frank S.
T1  - Effects of Nonequilibrium Chemistry and Darcy--Forchheimer Pyrolysis Flow for Charring Ablator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 256
EP  - 269
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The fully implicit ablation and thermal response code simulates pyrolysis and ablation of thermal protection materials and systems. The governing equations, which include energy conservation, a three-component decomposition model, and a surface energy balance, are solved with a moving grid. This work describes new modeling capabilities that are added to a special version of code. These capabilities include a time-dependent pyrolysis gas flow momentum equation with Darcy-Forchheimer terms and pyrolysis gas species conservation equations with finite-rate homogeneous chemical reactions. The total energy conservation equation is also enhanced for consistency with these new additions. Two groups of parametric studies of the phenolic impregnated carbon ablator are performed. In the first group, an Orion flight environment for a proposed lunar-return trajectory is considered. In the second group, various test conditions for arcjet models are examined. The central focus of these parametric studies is to understand the effect of pyrolysis gas momentum transfer on material in-depth thermal responses with finite-rate, equilibrium, or frozen homogeneous gas chemistry. Results indicate that the presence of chemical nonequilibrium pyrolysis gas flow does not significantly alter the in-depth thermal response performance predicted using the chemical equilibrium gas model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - ENERGY conservation
KW  - GAS flow
N1  - Accession Number: 86993512; Chen, Yih-Kanq 1,2,3 Milos, Frank S. 1,2,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Aerospace Engineer, Aerothermodynamics Branch, MS 230-2  3: Member AIAA  4: Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p256; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: ENERGY conservation; Subject Term: GAS flow; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32289
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86993512&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
T1  - High-Energy Atmospheric Reentry Test Aerothermodynamic Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 270
EP  - 281
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The aerothermodynamic environment around an 8.3 m High-Energy Atmospheric Reentry Test vehicle is assessed. Twelve nose-shape configurations are generated, and their responses at the peak heating trajectory point are compared against the baseline nose shape. The possibility of a two-piece thermal protection system design at the nose is also considered, as are the surface catalytic affects of the aeroheating environment of such a configuration. Based on these analyses, an optimum nose shape is proposed to minimize the surface heating. The heat flux sensitivity of the optimum geometry to the angle of attack variations are also studied. A recommendation is also made for a two-piece thermal protection system design, for which the surface catalytic uncertainty associated with the jump in heating at the nose-inflatable aerodynamic decelerator juncture is reduced by a minimum of 93%. In this paper, the aeroshell is assumed to be rigid, and the inflatable fluid interaction effect is left for future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite re-entry
KW  - CATALYSIS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - THERMAL properties
N1  - Accession Number: 86993513; Mazaheri, Alireza 1,2,3; Email Address: Ali.R.Mazaheri@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Scientist, Aerothermodynamics Branch, M/S 408A  3: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p270; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite re-entry; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32407
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86993513&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephens, John-Paul
AU  - Vos, Gordon A.
AU  - Bilimoria, Karl D.
AU  - Mueller, Eric R.
AU  - Brazzel, Jack
AU  - Spehar, Pete
T1  - Orion Handling Qualities During International Space Station Proximity Operations and Docking.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 449
EP  - 457
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Orion spacecraft is designed to automatically rendezvous and dock with many vehicles, including the International Space Station. However, the crew is able to assume manual control of the vehicle's attitude and flight path. In these instances, Orion must meet handling-qualities requirements established by NASA. Two handling-qualities assessments were conducted to evaluate preliminary designs of the vehicle using a six-degree-of-freedom, high-fidelity guidance, navigation, and control simulation. The first assessed Orion's handling qualities during the last 20 ft before docking and included both steady and oscillatory motions of the docking target. The second focused on manual acquisition of the docking axis during the proximity operations phase and subsequent station keeping. Cooper-Harper handling-qualities ratings, workload ratings, and comments were provided by 10 evaluation pilots for the docking study and five evaluation pilots for the proximity operations study. For the docking task, both cases received 90% level 1 (satisfactory) handling-qualities ratings, exceeding the requirement. All ratings for the proximity operations task were level 1. These evaluations indicate that Orion is on course to meet its handling-qualities requirements for proximity operations and docking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORION (Patrol aircraft)
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 86993531; Stephens, John-Paul 1,2,3 Vos, Gordon A. 4,5,6 Bilimoria, Karl D. 7,8 Mueller, Eric R. 5,6,7 Brazzel, Jack 6,9,10 Spehar, Pete 9,10; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin, Houston, Texas 77058  2: Human Factors Design Engineer Senior, Exploration & Science Solutions, P.O. Box 58487 LM-2, Mail Stop B2A  3: Human Factors Design Engineer Senior, Covidien, 5920 Longbow Drive, Mail Stop A23, Boulder, Colrado 80301  4: Wyle, Houston, Texas 77058  5: Senior Human Factors Engineer, 1290 Hercules Drive  6: Senior Member, AIAA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  8: Aerospace Engineer, Flight Trajectory Dynamics and Controls Branch, Mail Stop 210-10  9: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058  10: Aerospace Engineer, Flight Trajectory Dynamics and Controls Branch, Mail Stop 210-10. Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p449; Subject Term: ORION (Patrol aircraft); Subject Term: HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32253
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86993531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
T1  - Multispecies Reacting Characteristic Boundary Condition Implementation with Applications.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/03//Mar/Apr2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 470
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The article offers information on a study which demonstrates the mathematical implementation of a multispecies characteristic boundary condition and investigates the Apollo capsule model to examine the concept of supersonic retropropulsion. It was found that the current model is an accurate method of imposing a subsonic inflow boundary condition for a multispecies reacting gas mixture.
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Jet propulsion
KW  - JET propulsion
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - SUBSONIC flow
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - GAS mixtures
N1  - Accession Number: 86993535; Mazaheri, Alireza 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Engineer, Aerothermodynamics Branch, M/S 408A; Source Info: Mar/Apr2013, Vol. 50 Issue 2, p467; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Jet propulsion; Subject Term: JET propulsion; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: GAS mixtures; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32136
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86993535&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shams, Qamar A.
AU  - Zuckerwar, Allan J.
AU  - Burkett, Cecil G.
AU  - Weistroffer, George R.
AU  - Hugo, Derek R.
T1  - Experimental investigation into infrasonic emissions from atmospheric turbulence.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 133
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1269
EP  - 1280
SN  - 00014966
AB  - Clear air turbulence (CAT) is the leading cause of in-flight injuries and in severe cases can result in fatalities. The purpose of this work is to design and develop an infrasonic array network for early warning of clear air turbulence. The infrasonic system consists of an infrasonic three-microphone array, compact windscreens, and data management system. Past experimental efforts to detect acoustic emissions from CAT have been limited. An array of three infrasonic microphones, operating in the field at NASA Langley Research Center, on several occasions received signals interpreted as infrasonic emissions from CAT. Following comparison with current lidar and other past methods, the principle of operation, the experimental methods, and experimental data are presented for case studies and confirmed by pilot reports. The power spectral density of the received signals was found to fit a power law having an exponent of -6 to -7, which is found to be characteristics of infrasonic emissions from CAT, in contrast to findings of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - INFRASONIC waves
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 85914816; Shams, Qamar A. 1 Zuckerwar, Allan J. 2 Burkett, Cecil G. 2 Weistroffer, George R. 2 Hugo, Derek R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 238, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Analytical Services and Materials, 107 Research Drive, Hampton, Virginia 23666-1340  3: Rochester Institute of Technology, 1 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, New York 14623-5603; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 133 Issue 3, p1269; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: INFRASONIC waves; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.4776180
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85914816&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan
AU  - Harder, Bryan
AU  - Myers, Dwight
AU  - Cinibulk, M.
T1  - Oxidation Transitions for SiC Part I. Active-to-Passive Transitions.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 96
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 838
EP  - 844
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Oxidation of SiC can occur in a passive mode where a protective film is generated or in an active mode where a volatile suboxide is generated and can lead to rapid material consumption. The transition between these two modes of oxidation is a critical issue. Evidence indicates that this transition occurs via a different mechanism for the active-to-passive transition as compared with that of the passive-to-active transition. In Part I of this article, the former (active-to-passive mode) is explored. Three different types of SiC are examined: Si-rich SiC, stoichiometric SiC, and C-rich SiC. Evidence suggests that the SiO2/ SiC equilibrium requirements as well as formation of SiO(g) at the SiC surface and subsequent oxidation to SiO2(s) are critical issues in the active-to-passive transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds
KW  - TRANSITION state theory (Chemistry)
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 86146029; Jacobson, Nathan 1 Harder, Bryan 1 Myers, Dwight 2 Cinibulk, M.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center  2: East Central University; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 96 Issue 3, p838; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds; Subject Term: TRANSITION state theory (Chemistry); Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jace.12108
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86146029&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Lim, Darlene
AU  - Laval, Bernard
AU  - Turse, Carol
AU  - des de Sousa António, Marina Resen
AU  - Chan, Olivia
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
AU  - Brady, Allyson
AU  - Reid, Donnie
AU  - Irwin, Louis N.
T1  - Pavilion Lake Microbialites: Morphological, Molecular and Biochemical Evidence for a Cold-Water Transition to Colonial Aggregates.
JO  - Life (2075-1729)
JF  - Life (2075-1729)
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 37
SN  - 20751729
AB  - The presence of microbialite structures in a freshwater, dimictic mid-latitude lake and their establishment after the last ice age about 10,000 years ago is puzzling. Freshwater calcite microbialites at Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, Canada, consist of a complex community of microorganisms that collectively form large, ordered structured aggregates. This distinctive assemblage of freshwater calcite microbialites was studied through standard microbial methods, morphological observations, phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, DNA sequencing and the identification of quorum sensing molecules. Our results suggest that the microbialites may represent a transitional form from the exclusively prokaryotic colonial precursors of stromatolites to the multicellular organismic aggregates that give rise to coral reefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Life (2075-1729) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - QUORUM sensing (Microbiology)
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - biomass
KW  - community
KW  - ecology
KW  - microbialite
KW  - quorum sensing
KW  - stromatolite
N1  - Accession Number: 86681244; Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 1; Email Address: dirksm@wsu.edu Lim, Darlene 2; Email Address: darlene.lim@nasa.gov Laval, Bernard 3; Email Address: blaval@mail.ubc.ca Turse, Carol 1; Email Address: carol@turse.org des de Sousa António, Marina Resen 1,4; Email Address: Antonio.Marina@mayo.edu Chan, Olivia 5; Email Address: chanolivia@gmail.com Pointing, Stephen B. 5; Email Address: pointing.steve@gmail.com Brady, Allyson 6; Email Address: albrady@ucalgary.ca Reid, Donnie 7; Email Address: donnie@nuytco.com Irwin, Louis N. 8; Email Address: lirwin@utep.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada  4: Mayo Clinic, Medical Sciences Building, 321 Third Avenue SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA  5: School of Biological Sciences, University of Hongkong, Hong Kong  6: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada  7: Nuytco Research Ltd, 216 East Esplanade, North Vancouver, BC, V7L 1A3, Canada  8: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, TX 79968, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 3 Issue 1, p21; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: QUORUM sensing (Microbiology); Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: biodiversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: community; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbialite; Author-Supplied Keyword: quorum sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stromatolite; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/life3010021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86681244&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuller, Jim
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Borkovits, T.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Kiss, L. L.
T1  - Tidally induced oscillations and orbital decay in compact triple-star systems.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 429
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2425
EP  - 2441
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We investigate the nature of tidal effects in compact triple-star systems. The hierarchical structure of a triple system produces tidal forcing at high frequencies unobtainable in binary systems, allowing for the tidal excitation of high-frequency p-modes in the stellar components. The tidal forcing exists even for circular, aligned and synchronized systems. We calculate the magnitude and frequencies of three-body tidal forcing on the central primary star for circular and coplanar orbits, and we estimate the amplitude of the tidally excited oscillation modes. We also calculate the secular orbital changes induced by the tidally excited modes and show that they can cause significant orbital decay. During certain phases of stellar evolution, the tidal dissipation may be greatly enhanced by resonance locking. We then compare our theory to observations of HD 181068, which is a hierarchical triply eclipsing star system in the Kepler field of view. The observed oscillation frequencies in HD 181068 can be naturally explained by three-body tidal effects. We then compare the observed oscillation amplitudes and phases in HD 181068 to our predictions, finding mostly good agreement. Finally, we discuss the past and future evolution of compact triple systems like HD 181068. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - COMPACT objects (Astronomy)
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - stars: individual: HD 181068
KW  - stars: oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 85346212; Fuller, Jim 1 Derekas, A. 2,3 Borkovits, T. 2,4,5 Huber, D. 3,6 Bedding, T. R. 3 Kiss, L. L. 2,3,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Center for Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, Hungary  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  4: Baja Astronomical Observatory, H-6500 Baja, Szegedi út, Kt. 766, Hungary  5: ELTE Gothard-Lendület Research Group, H-9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre herceg út 112, Hungary  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 429 Issue 3, p2425; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: COMPACT objects (Astronomy); Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HD 181068; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85346212&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Randel, William J.
AU  - Jensen, Eric J.
T1  - Physical processes in the tropical tropopause layer and their roles in a changing climate.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 169
EP  - 176
SN  - 17520894
AB  - Tropical climate and the composition of the global upper atmosphere are affected by the tropical tropopause layer - the atmospheric transition zone between the well-mixed, convective troposphere (up to altitudes of 12-14 km) and the highly stratified stratosphere (above about 18 km). Featuring chemical and dynamical properties that are midway between those of the troposphere and stratosphere, the tropopause layer is maintained by a complex interplay between large- and small-scale circulation patterns, deep convection, clouds and radiation. Tropospheric air enters the stratosphere primarily in the tropics. Ozone- and aerosol-related constituents of the global stratosphere, as well as water vapour content, are therefore largely determined by the composition of the air near the tropical tropopause. Over the past years, it has emerged that both slow ascent and rapid deep convection contribute to the composition and thermal structure of the tropical tropopause layer. Ice formation processes at low temperatures affect the efficacy of freeze drying as air passes through the cold tropopause region. Transport and mixing in the tropopause region has been found to be closely linked with the Asian monsoon and other tropical circulation systems. Given these connections, climate change is expected to influence the tropopause layer, for example through enhanced large-scale upwelling of air and potential changes in tropical convection, air temperature, chemical composition and cirrus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Geoscience is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ICE formation & growth
N1  - Accession Number: 102364587; Randel, William J. 1 Jensen, Eric J. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p169; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ICE formation & growth; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo1733
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102364587&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norbury, John W.
T1  - Light ion and multiple nucleon removal due to electromagnetic dissociation
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 703
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 243
SN  - 01689002
AB  - Abstract: Light ion (H and He isotopes) and neutron production in galactic cosmic ray interactions are important for space radiation analyses. They occur via strong or electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) interactions. A parameterization for single nucleon, multiple nucleon and light ion production in EMD is developed in this paper. It supersedes the previous work in the following ways. Firstly, the calculations are compared to a more extensive set of experimental data. Secondly, EMD calculations for alpha particle production are in better agreement with experiment. Thirdly, a parameterization of multiple nucleon removal is developed and compared to data. Overall, the present work includes more reactions and compares better to experimental data than previous work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - HYDROGEN ions
KW  - HELIUM ions
KW  - NEUTRONS
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - PARAMETERIZATION
KW  - Electromagnetic dissociation
KW  - Light ions
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 85279184; Norbury, John W. 1; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 703, p220; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: HYDROGEN ions; Subject Term: HELIUM ions; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: PARAMETERIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic dissociation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nima.2012.10.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85279184&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werneth, Charles M.
AU  - Norbury, John W.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
T1  - Pion cross section parameterizations for space radiation codes
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 298
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 95
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Abstract: The space radiation environment consists of energetic particles that originate from the Sun and from sources outside the solar system. It is necessary to understand how these particles interact with materials to design effective radiation shielding. The transport of radiation through materials can be described by the Boltzmann equation. Efficient space radiation transport codes often require parameterized energy-dependent spectral distributions. A recent study showed that pions may contribute considerably to the total dose in galactic cosmic ray environments. Consequently, accurate parameterized pion spectral distributions are needed. In other studies, the Badhwar parameterization has been used for inclusive pion production in high energy nucleon–nucleon and nucleon–nucleus collisions, whereas a thermal model has been used to describe pion production in low energy nuclear collisions. In this paper, the thermal model is parameterized in terms of projectile energy, projectile nucleon number, and target nucleon number. Thermal and Badhwar model predictions of pion spectra from nucleon–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions are compared for projectile energies ranging from 0.3 to 158AGeV. It is recommended that the thermal model be used for projectile energies between 0.4 and 5AGeV and the Badhwar model be used for higher projectile energies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIONS
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NUCLEAR energy
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - SPECTRA
KW  - Badhwar model
KW  - Inclusive pion cross sections
KW  - Thermal model
N1  - Accession Number: 85852656; Werneth, Charles M. 1; Email Address: charles.werneth@gmail.com Norbury, John W. 2; Email Address: John.W.Norbury@nasa.gov Blattnig, Steve R. 2; Email Address: Steve.R.Blattnig@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Tennessee, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 315 Pasqua Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 298, p86; Subject Term: PIONS; Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR energy; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: SPECTRA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Badhwar model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inclusive pion cross sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal model; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nimb.2012.12.121
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85852656&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Jun Xiong
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Zaichun Zhu
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Structural Uncertainty in Model-Simulated Trends of Global Gross Primary Production.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1258
EP  - 1273
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Projected changes in the frequency and severity of droughts as a result of increase in greenhouse gases have a significant impact on the role of vegetation in regulating the global carbon cycle. Drought effect on vegetation Gross Primary Production (GPP) is usually modeled as a function of Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) and/or soil moisture. Climate projections suggest a strong likelihood of increasing trend in VPD, while regional changes in precipitation are less certain. This difference in projections between VPD and precipitation can cause considerable discrepancies in the predictions of vegetation behavior depending on how ecosystem models represent the drought effect. In this study, we scrutinized the model responses to drought using the 30-year record of Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) 3g Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) dataset. A diagnostic ecosystem model, Terrestrial Observation and Prediction System (TOPS), was used to estimate global GPP from 1982 to 2009 under nine different experimental simulations. The control run of global GPP increased until 2000, but stayed constant after 2000. Among the simulations with single climate constraint (temperature, VPD, rainfall and solar radiation), only the VPD-driven simulation showed a decrease in 2000s, while the other scenarios simulated an increase in GPP. The diverging responses in 2000s can be attributed to the difference in the representation of the impact of water stress on vegetation in models, i.e., using VPD and/or precipitation. Spatial map of trend in simulated GPP using GIMMS 3g data is consistent with the GPP driven by soil moisture than the GPP driven by VPD, confirming the need for a soil moisture constraint in modeling global GPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRODUCTION (Economic theory)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - VAPOR pressure
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - NORMALIZED difference vegetation index
KW  - GIMMS 3g
KW  - GPP
KW  - precipitation
KW  - TOPS
KW  - VPD
N1  - Accession Number: 86678702; Hashimoto, Hirofumi 1,2; Email Address: hirofumi.hashimoto@gmail.com Wang, Weile 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@gmail.com Milesi, Cristina 1,2 Jun Xiong 2 Ganguly, Sangram 2,3; Email Address: sangramganguly@gmail.com Zaichun Zhu 4,5; Email Address: zhu.zaichum@gmail.com Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University-Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  4: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  5: College of Resources Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Earth Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p1258; Subject Term: PRODUCTION (Economic theory); Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: VAPOR pressure; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: NORMALIZED difference vegetation index; Author-Supplied Keyword: GIMMS 3g; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: TOPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: VPD; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5031258
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Liu, Xu
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Strow, L. Larrabee
T1  - Error consistency analysis scheme for infrared ultraspectral sounding retrieval error budget estimation.
JO  - Remote Sensing Letters
JF  - Remote Sensing Letters
Y1  - 2013/03//
VL  - 4
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
EP  - 227
SN  - 2150704X
AB  - Great effort has been devoted towards validating geophysical parameters retrieved from ultraspectral infrared radiances obtained from satellite remote sensors. An error consistency analysis scheme (ECAS), utilizing fast radiative transfer model (RTM) forward and inverse calculations, has been developed to estimate the error budget in terms of mean difference and standard deviation of error in both spectral radiance and retrieval domains. The retrieval error is assessed through ECAS without relying on other independent measurements such as radiosonde data. ECAS establishes a link between the accuracies of radiances and retrieved geophysical parameters. ECAS can be applied to measurements from any ultraspectral instrument and any retrieval scheme with its associated RTM. In this manuscript, ECAS is described and demonstrated with measurements from the MetOp-A satellite Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI). This scheme can be used together with other validation methodologies to give a more definitive characterization of the error and/or uncertainty of geophysical parameters retrieved from ultraspectral radiances observed from current and future satellite remote sensors such as IASI, the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing Letters is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMAGING systems in geophysics
KW  - SOUNDING & soundings
KW  - GEOPHYSICAL surveys
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 85408247; Zhou, Daniel K. 1; Email Address: daniel.k.zhou@nasa.gov Larar, Allen M. 1 Liu, Xu 1 Smith, William L. 2,3 Strow, L. Larrabee 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23693, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA  3: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Maryland–Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 4 Issue 3, p219; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in geophysics; Subject Term: SOUNDING & soundings; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICAL surveys; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/2150704X.2012.720394
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85408247&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asthana, R.
AU  - Singh, M.
AU  - Martinez-Fernandez, J.
T1  - Joining and interface characterization of in situ reinforced silicon nitride
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2013/03/05/
VL  - 552
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 145
SN  - 09258388
AB  - Abstract: Copper-base active metal interlayers were used to bond in situ reinforced silicon nitride (Honeywell AS800) at 1317K for 5 and 30min in vacuum. The joints were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A Ti-rich interaction zone (∼3.0–3.5μm thick) formed at the Si3N4/braze interface. This reaction layer grew toward the inner part of the joint with a featureless microstructure, creating a strong bond. Regions of a Ti-rich phase were frequently found next to the reaction layer but surrounded by the Cu alloy. Extensive Ti and Si enrichments were noted at the interface but there was no evidence of interfacial segregation of Y, La, and Sr (from Y2O3, La2O3 and SrO, added as sintering aids). The reaction layer thickness and composition did not change when brazing time increased from 5min to 30min suggesting rapid growth kinetics in the early stages of reaction. The joints were crack-free and showed features associated with plastic deformation, which indicated that the metal interlayer accommodated strain associated with CTE mismatch. The inner part of the joint consisted of highly textured large grains of the braze alloy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - COPPER
KW  - ACTIVE metals
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Nitride materials
KW  - Surfaces and interfaces
KW  - Thermal expansion
KW  - Transmission electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 85020424; Asthana, R. 1; Email Address: asthanar@uwstout.edu Singh, M. 2; Email Address: Mrityunjay.Singh@nasa.gov Martinez-Fernandez, J. 3; Email Address: Martinez@us.es; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering & Technology, 326 FH, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI 54751, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Dpto. Física de la Materia Condensada-ICMSE, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 552, p137; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: ACTIVE metals; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitride materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces and interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal expansion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmission electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2012.09.104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85020424&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raatikainen, Tomi
AU  - Nenes, Athanasios
AU  - Seinfeld, John H.
AU  - Morales, Ricardo
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Lathem, Terry L.
AU  - Lance, Sara
AU  - Padró, Luz T.
AU  - Lin, Jack J.
AU  - Cerully, Kate M.
AU  - Bougiatioti, Aikaterini
AU  - Cozic, Julie
AU  - Ruehl, Christopher R.
AU  - Chuang, Patrick V.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Flagan, Richard C.
AU  - Jonsson, Haflidi
AU  - Mihalopoulos, Nikos
AU  - Smith, James N.
T1  - Worldwide data sets constrain the water vapor uptake coefficient in cloud formation.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2013/03/05/
VL  - 110
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3760
EP  - 3764
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Cloud droplet formation depends on the condensation of water vapor on ambient aerosols, the rate of which is strongly affected by the kinetics of water uptake as expressed by the condensation (or mass accommodation) coefficient, αc. Estimates of αc for droplet growth from activation of ambient particles vary considerably and represent a critical source of uncertainty in estimates of global cloud droplet distributions and the aerosol indirect forcing of climate. We present an analysis of 10 globally relevant data sets of cloud condensation nuclei to constrain the value of αcfor ambient aerosol. We find that rapid activation kinetics (αc> 0.1)is uniformly prevalent. This finding resolves a long-standing issue in cloud physics, as the uncertainty in water vapor accommodation on droplets is considerably less than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUD droplets
KW  - CONDENSATION -- Kinetics
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - global climate
KW  - hydrological cycle
KW  - precipitation
N1  - Accession Number: 86174189; Raatikainen, Tomi 1,2 Nenes, Athanasios 1,3,4; Email Address: athanasios.nenes@gatech.edu Seinfeld, John H. 5,6 Morales, Ricardo 1 Moore, Richard H. 3,7 Lathem, Terry L. 1 Lance, Sara 1,8,9 Padró, Luz T. 3,10 Lin, Jack J. 1 Cerully, Kate M. 3 Bougiatioti, Aikaterini 1,11 Cozic, Julie 12,13 Ruehl, Christopher R. 14 Chuang, Patrick V. 15 Anderson, Bruce E. 7 Flagan, Richard C. 5,6 Jonsson, Haflidi 16 Mihalopoulos, Nikos 4,11 Smith, James N. 8,17; Affiliation:  1: Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332  2: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Fl-00101, Helsinki, Finland  3: Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332  4: lnstitute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 711 10 Patras, Greece  5: Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadenda, CA 91106  6: Environmental Science & Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadenda, CA 91106  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  8: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305  9: SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO 80301  10: Civil & Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155  11: Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece  12: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305  13: Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l'Environnement, F-38402 Grenoble, France  14: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720  15: Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064  16: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943  17: Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland; Source Info: 3/5/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 10, p3760; Subject Term: CLOUD droplets; Subject Term: CONDENSATION -- Kinetics; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: global climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrological cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: precipitation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1219591110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jeffery, C. S.
AU  - Ramsay, G.
AU  - Naslim, N.
AU  - Carrera, R.
AU  - Greiss, S.
AU  - Barclay, T.
AU  - Karjalainen, R.
AU  - Brooks, A.
AU  - Hakala, P.
T1  - KIC 10449976: discovery of an extreme helium subdwarf in the Kepler field.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/03/11/
VL  - 429
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3207
EP  - 3213
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Optical spectroscopy of the blue star KIC 10449976 shows that it is an extremely helium-rich subdwarf with effective temperature Teff = 40 000 ± 300 K and surface gravity log g = 5.3 ± 0.1. Radial-velocity measurements over a 5 d time-scale show an upper variability limit of ≈50 ± 20 km s−1. Kepler photometry of KIC 10449976 in both long and short cadence modes shows evidence for a periodic modulation on a time-scale of ≈3.9 d. We have examined the possibility that this modulation is not astrophysical but conclude that it is most likely real. We discuss whether the modulation could be caused by a low-mass companion, by stellar pulsations or by spots. The identification of any one of these as cause has important consequences for understanding the origin of helium-rich subdwarfs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - B stars
KW  - COSMIC abundances
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - stars: abundances
KW  - stars: chemically peculiar
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 10449976
KW  - subdwarfs
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 85442455; Jeffery, C. S. 1 Ramsay, G. 1 Naslim, N. 1 Carrera, R. 2,3 Greiss, S. 4 Barclay, T. 5,6 Karjalainen, R. 7 Brooks, A. 1,8 Hakala, P. 9; Affiliation:  1: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK  2: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, La Laguna E-3200, Tenerife, Spain  3: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, La Laguna E-38205, Tenerife, Spain  4: Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK  5: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-40, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third St. West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  7: Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Apartado de Correos 321, E-38700 Santa Cruz de la Palma, Canary Islands, Spain  8: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK  9: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäl äntie 20, FI-21500 PIIKKIÖ, Finland; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 429 Issue 4, p3207; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: B stars; Subject Term: COSMIC abundances; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: chemically peculiar; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 10449976; Author-Supplied Keyword: subdwarfs; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Badenes, Carles
AU  - van Kerkwijk, Marten H.
AU  - Kilic, Mukremin
AU  - Bickerton, Steven J.
AU  - Mazeh, Tsevi
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Tal-Or, Lev
AU  - Thompson, Susan E.
T1  - SDSS 1355+0856: a detached white dwarf + M star binary in the period gap discovered by the SWARMS survey★.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/03/11/
VL  - 429
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3596
EP  - 3603
SN  - 00358711
AB  - SDSS J135523.92 + 085645.4 (SDSS 1355+0856) was identified as a hot white dwarf with a companion from time-resolved Sloan Digital Sky Survey spectroscopy as part of the ongoing Sloan White Dwarf Radial velocity data Mining Survey survey. Follow-up observations with the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m telescope and the Multiple Mirror Telescope revealed weak emission lines in the central cores of the Balmer absorption lines during some phases of the orbit, but no line emission during other phases. This can be explained if SDSS 1355+0856 is a detached white dwarf + M dwarf binary similar to GD 448, where one of the hemispheres of the low-mass companion is irradiated by the proximity of the hot white dwarf. Based on the available data, we derive an orbital period of 0.114 38 ± 0.000 06 d, a primary mass of 0.46 ± 0.01 M⊙, a secondary mass between 0.083 and 0.097 M⊙, and an orbital inclination larger than 57°. This makes SDSS 1355+0856 one of the shortest period post-common envelope white dwarf + M dwarf binaries, and the record holder for the lowest mass stellar companion, which has interesting implications for our understanding of common envelope evolution and the phenomenology of cataclysmic variables. The short cooling time of the WD (25 Myr) implies that the system emerged from the common envelope phase with an orbital period very similar to what we observe today, and was born in the period gap of cataclysmic variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic – stars: individual: SDSS 1355+0856
KW  - white dwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 85442489; Badenes, Carles 1 van Kerkwijk, Marten H. 2 Kilic, Mukremin 3 Bickerton, Steven J. 4 Mazeh, Tsevi 5 Mullally, Fergal 6 Tal-Or, Lev 5 Thompson, Susan E. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy and Pittsburgh Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology Center (PITT PACC), University of Pittsburgh, 3941 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada  3: Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks St., Norman, OK 73019, USA  4: Institute for the Physics of Mathematics of the Universe (IPMU), The University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8582, Japan  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel  6: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 429 Issue 4, p3596; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: spectroscopic – stars: individual: SDSS 1355+0856; Author-Supplied Keyword: white dwarfs; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Cecil, L. DeWayne
AU  - Horton, Radley M.
AU  - Gordón, Román
AU  - McCollum, Raymond
AU  - Brown, Douglas
AU  - Killough, Brian
AU  - Goldberg, Richard
AU  - Greeley, Adam P.
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
T1  - Climate change impact uncertainties for maize in Panama: Farm information, climate projections, and yield sensitivities
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2013/03/15/
VL  - 170
M3  - Article
SP  - 132
EP  - 145
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Abstract: We present results from a pilot project to characterize and bound multi-disciplinary uncertainties around the assessment of maize (Zea mays) production impacts using the CERES-Maize crop model in a climate-sensitive region with a variety of farming systems (Panama). Segunda coa (autumn) maize yield in Panama currently suffers occasionally from high water stress at the end of the growing season, however under future climate conditions warmer temperatures accelerate crop maturation and elevated CO2 concentrations improve water retention. This combination reduces end-of-season water stresses and eventually leads to small mean yield gains according to median projections, although accelerated maturation reduces yields in seasons with low water stresses. Calibrations of cultivar traits, soil profile, and fertilizer amounts are most important for representing baseline yields, however sensitivity to all management factors are reduced in an assessment of future yield changes (most dramatically for fertilizers), suggesting that yield changes may be more generalizable than absolute yields.Uncertainty around GCMs’ projected changes in rainfall gain in importance throughout the century, with yield changes strongly correlated with growing season rainfall totals. Climate changes are expected to be obscured by the large interannual variations in Panamanian climate that will continue to be the dominant influence on seasonal maize yield into the coming decades. The relatively high (A2) and low (B1) emissions scenarios show little difference in their impact on future maize yields until the end of the century. Uncertainties related to the sensitivity of CERES-Maize to carbon dioxide concentrations have a substantial influence on projected changes, and remain a significant obstacle to climate change impacts assessment. Finally, an investigation into the potential of simple statistical yield emulators based upon key climate variables characterizes the important uncertainties behind the selection of climate change metrics and their performance against more complex process-based crop model simulations, revealing a danger in relying only on long-term mean quantities for crop impact assessment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - CORN -- Climatic factors
KW  - AGRICULTURAL information networks
KW  - CORN yields
KW  - AGRICULTURAL systems
KW  - PILOT projects
KW  - PLANT varieties
KW  - PANAMA
KW  - Adaptation
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Crop modeling
KW  - GCM ensembles
KW  - Maize
KW  - Panama
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 85173324; Ruane, Alex C. 1,2; Email Address: alexander.c.ruane@nasa.gov Cecil, L. DeWayne 3 Horton, Radley M. 1,2 Gordón, Román 4 McCollum, Raymond 5 Brown, Douglas 5 Killough, Brian 6 Goldberg, Richard 2 Greeley, Adam P. 2 Rosenzweig, Cynthia 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA  2: Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, NY, USA  3: NOAA, National Climatic Data Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA  4: Instituto de Investigación Agropecuaria de Panamá, Los Santos, Panama  5: Booze-Allen-Hamilton, Norfolk, VA, USA  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Langley, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2013, Vol. 170, p132; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: CORN -- Climatic factors; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL information networks; Subject Term: CORN yields; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL systems; Subject Term: PILOT projects; Subject Term: PLANT varieties; Subject Term: PANAMA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCM ensembles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Maize; Author-Supplied Keyword: Panama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111150 Corn Farming; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.10.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - EDELSON, R.
AU  - MUSHOTZKY, R.
AU  - VAUGHAN, S.
AU  - SCARGLE, J.
AU  - P. GANDHI
AU  - MALKAN, M.
AU  - BAUMGARTNER, W.
T1  - KEPLER OBSERVATIONS OF RAPID OPTICAL VARIABILITY IN THE BL LACERTAE OBJECT W2R1926+42.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/03/20/
VL  - 766
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the first Kepler monitoring of a strongly variable BL Lac, W2R1926+42. The light curve covers 181 days with ∼0.2% errors, 30 minute sampling and >90% duty cycle, showing numerous δI/I>25% flares over timescales as short as a day. The flux distribution is highly skewed and non-Gaussian. The variability shows a strong rms-flux correlation with the clearest evidence to date for nonlinearity in this relation. We introduce a method to measure periodograms from the discrete autocorrelation function, an approach that may be well-suited to a wide range of Kepler data. The periodogram is not consistent with a simple power-law, but shows a flattening at frequencies below 7 × 10-5 Hz. Simple models of the power spectrum, such as a broken power law, do not produce acceptable fits, indicating that the Kepler blazar light curve requires more sophisticated mathematical and physical descriptions than currently in use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DOPPLER radar
KW  - BL Lacertae objects
KW  - ACTIVE galaxies
KW  - GAUSSIAN distribution
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: general
KW  - BL Lacertae objects: individual (W2R1926+42)
KW  - galaxies: active
N1  - Accession Number: 90188859; EDELSON, R. 1; Email Address: redelson@astro.umd.edu MUSHOTZKY, R. 1,2 VAUGHAN, S. 3 SCARGLE, J. 4 P. GANDHI 5 MALKAN, M. 6 BAUMGARTNER, W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA  2: Laboratory for High Energy Astrophysics, NASA/GSFC, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: X-ray and Observational Astronomy Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK  4: Astrobiology and Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1 Yoshinodai, chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  6: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2013, Vol. 766 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DOPPLER radar; Subject Term: BL Lacertae objects; Subject Term: ACTIVE galaxies; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN distribution; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: BL Lacertae objects: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: BL Lacertae objects: individual (W2R1926+42); Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: active; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/766/1/16
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GILLILAND, RONALD L.
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - ROGERS, LESLIE
AU  - TORRES, GUILLERMO
AU  - FRESSIN, FRANCOIS
AU  - LOPEZ, ERIC D.
AU  - BUCHHAVE, LARS A.
AU  - CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, JØRGEN
AU  - DÉSERT, JEAN-MICHEL
AU  - HENZE, CHRISTOPHER E.
AU  - ISAACSON, HOWARD
AU  - JENKINS, JON M.
AU  - LISSAUER, JACK J.
AU  - CHAPLIN, WILLIAM J.
AU  - BASU, SARBANI
AU  - METCALFE, TRAVIS S.
AU  - ELSWORTH, YVONNE
AU  - HANDBERG, RASMUS
AU  - HEKKER, SASKIA
T1  - KEPLER-68: THREE PLANETS, ONE WITH A DENSITY BETWEEN THAT OF EARTH AND ICE GIANTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/03/20/
VL  - 766
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - NASA's Kepler Mission has revealed two transiting planets orbiting Kepler-68. Follow-up Doppler measurements have established the mass of the innermost planet and revealed a third Jovian-mass planet orbiting beyond the two transiting planets. Kepler-68b, in a 5.4 day orbit, has MP = 8.3+2.2-2.4 M⊗, RP = 2.31+0.06-0.09 R⊗, and ρP = 3.32+0.86-0.98 g cm-3, giving Kepler-68b a density intermediate between that of the ice giants and Earth. Kepler-68c is Earth-sized, with a radius RP = 0.953+0.037 -0.042 R⊗ and transits on a 9.6 day orbit; validation of Kepler-68c posed unique challenges. Kepler-68d has an orbital period of 580 ± 15 days and a minimum mass of MP sin i = 0.947 ± 0.035 MJ. Power spectra of the Kepler photometry at one minute cadence exhibit a rich and strong set of asteroseismic pulsation modes enabling detailed analysis of the stellar interior. Spectroscopy of the star coupled with asteroseismic modeling of the multiple pulsation modes yield precise measurements of stellar properties, notably Teff = 5793±74 K,M⋆ = 1.079±0.051M☉, R⋆ = 1.243±0.019 R☉, and ρ⋆ = 0.7903±0.0054 g cm-3, all measured with fractional uncertainties of only a few percent. Models of Kepler-68b suggest that it is likely composed of rock and water, or has a H and He envelope to yield its density ∼3 g cm-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - RED shift
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - 2MASS J19240775+4902249)
KW  - KIC 11295426
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual (Kepler-68
N1  - Accession Number: 90188883; GILLILAND, RONALD L. 1; Email Address: gillil@stsci.edu MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 2 ROWE, JASON F. 3 ROGERS, LESLIE 4 TORRES, GUILLERMO 5 FRESSIN, FRANCOIS 5 LOPEZ, ERIC D. 6 BUCHHAVE, LARS A. 7 CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, JØRGEN 8,9 DÉSERT, JEAN-MICHEL 5 HENZE, CHRISTOPHER E. 3 ISAACSON, HOWARD 2 JENKINS, JON M. 10 LISSAUER, JACK J. 3 CHAPLIN, WILLIAM J. 11 BASU, SARBANI 12 METCALFE, TRAVIS S. 13 ELSWORTH, YVONNE 11 HANDBERG, RASMUS 8 HEKKER, SASKIA 14; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, and Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  7: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Denmark  8: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  9: High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  12: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, 260 Whitney Ave., New Haven, CT 06511, USA  13: White Dwarf Research Corporation, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  14: Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Science Park 904, The Netherlands; Source Info: 3/20/2013, Vol. 766 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2MASS J19240775+4902249); Author-Supplied Keyword: KIC 11295426; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (Kepler-68; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/766/1/40
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HERMES, J. J.
AU  - MONTGOMERY, M. H.
AU  - MULLALLY, FERGAL
AU  - WINGET, D. E.
AU  - BISCHOFF-KIM, A.
T1  - A NEW TIMESCALE FOR PERIOD CHANGE IN THE PULSATING DA WHITE DWARF WD 0111+0018.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/03/20/
VL  - 766
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the most rapid rate of period change measured to date for a pulsating DA (hydrogen atmosphere) white dwarf (WD), observed in the 292.9 s mode of WD 0111+0018. The observed period change, faster than 10-12 s s-1, exceeds by more than two orders of magnitude the expected rate from cooling alone for this class of slow and simply evolving pulsating WDs. This result indicates the presence of an additional timescale for period evolution in these pulsating objects. We also measure the rates of period change of nonlinear combination frequencies and show that they share the evolutionary characteristics of their parent modes, confirming that these combination frequencies are not independent modes but rather artifacts of some nonlinear distortion in the outer layers of the star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - TIMESCALE number
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC hydrogen
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - stars: individual (WD0111+0018)
KW  - stars: oscillations (including pulsations)
KW  - stars: variables: general
KW  - white dwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 90188885; HERMES, J. J. 1,2; Email Address: jjhermes@astro.as.utexas.edu MONTGOMERY, M. H. 1,2 MULLALLY, FERGAL 3,4 WINGET, D. E. 3,4 BISCHOFF-KIM, A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX - 78712, USA  2: McDonald Observatory, Fort Davis, TX - 79734, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy Department, Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2013, Vol. 766 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: TIMESCALE number; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC hydrogen; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (WD0111+0018); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations (including pulsations); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: white dwarfs; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/766/1/42
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOUDE, MARTIN
AU  - FLETCHER, ANDREW
AU  - BECK, RAINER
AU  - HILDEBRAND, ROGER H.
AU  - VAILLANCOURT, JOHN E.
AU  - STIL, JEROEN M.
T1  - CHARACTERIZING MAGNETIZED TURBULENCE IN M51.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/03/20/
VL  - 766
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We use previously published high-resolution synchrotron polarization data to perform an angular dispersion analysis with the aim of characterizing magnetized turbulence in M51. We first analyze three distinct regions (the center of the galaxy, and the northwest and southwest spiral arms) and can clearly discern the turbulent correlation length scale from the width of the magnetized turbulent correlation function for two regions and detect the imprint of anisotropy in the turbulence for all three. Furthermore, analyzing the galaxy as a whole allows us to determine a two-dimensional Gaussian model for the magnetized turbulence in M51. We measure the turbulent correlation scales parallel and perpendicular to the local mean magnetic field to be, respectively, δǁ = 98±5 pc and δ⊥ = 54±3 pc, while the turbulent-to-ordered magnetic field strength ratio is found to be Bt/B0 = 1.01 ± 0.04. These results are consistent with those of Fletcher et al., who performed a Faraday rotation dispersion analysis of the same data, and our detection of anisotropy is consistent with current magnetized turbulence theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - COSMIC magnetic fields
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - GAUSSIAN function
KW  - FARADAY effect
KW  - ANGULAR dispersion
KW  - galaxies: individual (M51)
KW  - galaxies: ISM
KW  - galaxies: magnetic fields
KW  - galaxies: spiral
N1  - Accession Number: 90188892; HOUDE, MARTIN 1,2 FLETCHER, ANDREW 3 BECK, RAINER 4 HILDEBRAND, ROGER H. 5,6 VAILLANCOURT, JOHN E. 7 STIL, JEROEN M. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  2: Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: School of Mathematics and Statistics, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK  4: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany  5: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  6: Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  7: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Source Info: 3/20/2013, Vol. 766 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN function; Subject Term: FARADAY effect; Subject Term: ANGULAR dispersion; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: individual (M51); Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: spiral; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/766/1/49
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LINDSAY, SEAN S.
AU  - WOODEN, DIANE H.
AU  - HARKER, DAVID E.
AU  - KELLEY, MICHAEL S.
AU  - WOODWARD, CHARLES E.
AU  - MURPHY, JIM R.
T1  - ABSORPTION EFFICIENCIES OF FORSTERITE. I. DISCRETE DIPOLE APPROXIMATION EXPLORATIONS IN GRAIN SHAPE AND SIZE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/03/20/
VL  - 766
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We compute the absorption efficiency (Qabs) of forsterite using the discrete dipole approximation in order to identify and describe what characteristics of crystal grain shape and size are important to the shape, peak location, and relative strength of spectral features in the 8-40μm wavelength range. Using the DDSCAT code, we compute Qabs for non-spherical polyhedral grain shapes with aeff = 0.1μm. The shape characteristics identified are (1) elongation/reduction along one of three crystallographic axes; (2) asymmetry, such that all three crystallographic axes are of different lengths; and (3) the presence of crystalline faces that are not parallel to a specific crystallographic axis, e.g., non-rectangular prisms and (di)pyramids. Elongation/reduction dominates the locations and shapes of spectral features near 10, 11, 16, 23.5, 27, and 33.5μm, while asymmetry and tips are secondary shape effects. Increasing grain sizes (0.1-1.0μm) shifts the 10 and 11μm features systematically toward longer wavelengths and relative to the 11μm feature increases the strengths and slightly broadens the longer wavelength features. Seven spectral shape classes are established for crystallographic a-, b-, and c-axes and include columnar and platelet shapes plus non-elongated or equant grain shapes. The spectral shape classes and the effects of grain size have practical application in identifying or excluding columnar, platelet, or equant forsterite grain shapes in astrophysical environs. Identification of the shape characteristics of forsterite from 8 to 40μm spectra provides a potential means to probe the temperatures at which forsterite formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - comets: general
KW  - infrared: planetary systems
KW  - line: profiles
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - protoplanetary disks
N1  - Accession Number: 90188897; LINDSAY, SEAN S. 1; Email Address: slindsay@utk.edu WOODEN, DIANE H. 2; Email Address: diane.h.wooden@nasa.gov HARKER, DAVID E. 3; Email Address: dharker@uscd.edu KELLEY, MICHAEL S. 4; Email Address: msk@astro.umd.edu WOODWARD, CHARLES E. 5; Email Address: chelsea@astro.umn.edu MURPHY, JIM R. 6; Email Address: murphy@nmsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1421 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-2366, USA  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  3: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  5: Minnesota Institute of Astrophysics, 116 Church Street S. E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, P.O. Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2013, Vol. 766 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: comets: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: line: profiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/766/1/54
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - Probing an Extrasolar Planet.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/03/22/
VL  - 339
IS  - 6126
M3  - Article
SP  - 1393
EP  - 1394
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article describes the discovery and study of extrasolar planets, known as exoplanets, as of March 2013, focusing on the use of high-resolution spectroscopy to determine atmospheric compositions and possible origins. An article contained in the issue which concerns the exoplanet HR8799c is discussed. According to the article, methane has not been observed in the atmosphere inferred of HR8799c. Giant planet formation theories including gravitational instability and core accretion are mentioned.
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
N1  - Accession Number: 86688215; Marley, Mark S. 1; Email Address: mark.s.marley@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 3/22/2013, Vol. 339 Issue 6126, p1393; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1235078
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GLOBUS, AL
T1  - THE FRUITS OF A SPACE SETTLEMENT CONTEST.
JO  - Ad Astra
JF  - Ad Astra
Y1  - 2013///Spring2013
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 47
SN  - 1041102X
AB  - The author discusses his co-founding of the annual U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Student Space Settlement Contest with public school teacher Tugrul Sezen in 1994. The contest's annual budget is supplied by the NASA Ames Contractor Council and San Jose State University. Contest entries of free-space settlements over the years by middle and high school students are also cited.
KW  - CONTESTS
KW  - PUBLIC school teachers
KW  - MIDDLE school students
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SEZEN, Tugrul
N1  - Accession Number: 86183905; GLOBUS, AL 1; Affiliation:  1: Contractor, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Spring2013, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p47; Subject Term: CONTESTS; Subject Term: PUBLIC school teachers; Subject Term: MIDDLE school students; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: SEZEN, Tugrul; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 799
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cutler, A. D.
AU  - Harding, G. C.
AU  - Diskin, G. S.
T1  - High Frequency Pulsed Injection into a Supersonic Duct Flow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 818
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A study is presented of the effect of pulsation (100% modulation) of a sonic jet of helium into a supersonic (ducted) crossflow on its mixing. An injector was developed to provide a high-speed high-frequency (up to 13 kHz) pulsed jet. The injector nozzle is formed between fixed internal passages and a three- or four-sided wheel embedded within the device that rotates due to the flow in the nozzle. For a given geometry the pulsation frequency is repeatable, constant above a certain pressure ratio, and scales with the speed of sound of the gas. The pulsed jet in the crossflow was visualized in a side view by schlieren photography. The plume of injected helium was visualized in a cross section, 69 effective jet diameters downstream of injection, by seeding the helium with a small amount of ethanol, which condensed as tiny particles and illuminated with a laser light sheet. Results indicate a modest reduction in mean plume cross-sectional size (and, therefore, reduction of mixing) with pulsation and an increase in mean helium penetration. The visualization results are consistent with a transitional state between the turbulent puffs and vortex rings previously observed in low-speed experiments on subsonic pulsed jets in crossflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - PULSATION (Electronics)
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 86704903; Cutler, A. D. 1,2 Harding, G. C. 1,3 Diskin, G. S. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: George Washington University, Newport News, Virginia 23602  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: Member AIAA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Senior Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p809; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: PULSATION (Electronics); Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051620
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Stoker, Carol R.
AU  - Glass, Brian J.
AU  - Davé, Arwen I.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
AU  - Fairen, Alberto G.
AU  - Quinn, Richard C.
AU  - Zacny, Kris A.
AU  - Paulsen, Gale
AU  - Smith, Peter H.
AU  - Parro, Victor
AU  - Andersen, Dale T.
AU  - Hecht, Michael H.
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
T1  - The Icebreaker Life Mission to Mars: A Search for Biomolecular Evidence for Life.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 334
EP  - 353
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The search for evidence of life on Mars is the primary motivation for the exploration of that planet. The results from previous missions, and the Phoenix mission in particular, indicate that the ice-cemented ground in the north polar plains is likely to be the most recently habitable place that is currently known on Mars. The near-surface ice likely provided adequate water activity during periods of high obliquity, ∼5 Myr ago. Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are present in the atmosphere, and nitrates may be present in the soil. Perchlorate in the soil together with iron in basaltic rock provides a possible energy source for life. Furthermore, the presence of organics must once again be considered, as the results of the Viking GCMS are now suspect given the discovery of the thermally reactive perchlorate. Ground ice may provide a way to preserve organic molecules for extended periods of time, especially organic biomarkers. The Mars Icebreaker Life mission focuses on the following science goals: (1) Search for specific biomolecules that would be conclusive evidence of life. (2) Perform a general search for organic molecules in the ground ice. (3) Determine the processes of ground ice formation and the role of liquid water. (4) Understand the mechanical properties of the martian polar ice-cemented soil. (5) Assess the recent habitability of the environment with respect to required elements to support life, energy sources, and possible toxic elements. (6) Compare the elemental composition of the northern plains with midlatitude sites. The Icebreaker Life payload has been designed around the Phoenix spacecraft and is targeted to a site near the Phoenix landing site. However, the Icebreaker payload could be supported on other Mars landing systems. Preliminary studies of the SpaceX Dragon lander show that it could support the Icebreaker payload for a landing either at the Phoenix site or at midlatitudes. Duplicate samples could be cached as a target for possible return by a Mars Sample Return mission. If the samples were shown to contain organic biomarkers, interest in returning them to Earth would be high. Key Words: In situ measurement-Life detection-Mars-Planetary protection-Special region. Astrobiology 13, 334-353. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIFE on Mars
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ICE
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - PERCHLORATES
KW  - ICE breaking operations
KW  - SPACE biology
N1  - Accession Number: 90251915; McKay, Christopher P. 1 Stoker, Carol R. 1 Glass, Brian J. 1 Davé, Arwen I. 1 Davila, Alfonso F. 1 Heldmann, Jennifer L. 1 Marinova, Margarita M. 1 Fairen, Alberto G. 1 Quinn, Richard C. 1 Zacny, Kris A. 2 Paulsen, Gale 2 Smith, Peter H. 3 Parro, Victor 4 Andersen, Dale T. 5 Hecht, Michael H. 6 Lacelle, Denis 7 Pollard, Wayne H. 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Honeybee Robotics, Pasadena, California.  3: University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.  4: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.  5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.  7: University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.  8: McGill University, Montréal, Canada.; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p334; Subject Term: LIFE on Mars; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES; Subject Term: ICE breaking operations; Subject Term: SPACE biology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2012.0878
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davé, Arwen
AU  - Thompson, Sarah J.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Stoker, Carol R.
AU  - Zacny, Kris
AU  - Paulsen, Gale
AU  - Mellerowicz, Bolek
AU  - Glass, Brian J.
AU  - Willson, David
AU  - Bonaccorsi, Rosalba
AU  - Rask, Jon
T1  - The Sample Handling System for the Mars Icebreaker Life Mission: From Dirt to Data.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 354
EP  - 369
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The Mars Icebreaker Life mission will search for subsurface life on Mars. It consists of three payload elements: a drill to retrieve soil samples from approximately 1 m below the surface, a robotic sample handling system to deliver the sample from the drill to the instruments, and the instruments themselves. This paper will discuss the robotic sample handling system. Collecting samples from ice-rich soils on Mars in search of life presents two challenges: protection of that icy soil-considered a 'special region' with respect to planetary protection-from contamination from Earth, and delivery of the icy, sticky soil to spacecraft instruments. We present a sampling device that meets these challenges. We built a prototype system and tested it at martian pressure, drilling into ice-cemented soil, collecting cuttings, and transferring them to the inlet port of the SOLID2 life-detection instrument. The tests successfully demonstrated that the Icebreaker drill, sample handling system, and life-detection instrument can collectively operate in these conditions and produce science data that can be delivered via telemetry-from dirt to data. Our results also demonstrate the feasibility of using an air gap to prevent forward contamination. We define a set of six analog soils for testing over a range of soil cohesion, from loose sand to basalt soil, with angles of repose of 27° and 39°, respectively. Particle size is a key determinant of jamming of mechanical parts by soil particles. Jamming occurs when the clearance between moving parts is equal in size to the most common particle size or equal to three of these particles together. Three particles acting together tend to form bridges and lead to clogging. Our experiments show that rotary-hammer action of the Icebreaker drill influences the particle size, typically reducing particle size by ∼100 μm. Key Words: Mars-Analogue-Life-detection instruments-Planetary protection-Spacecraft experiments. Astrobiology 13, 354-369. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SOILS
KW  - AIR gap (Engineering)
KW  - SOIL cohesion
KW  - BASALT
KW  - SOIL particles
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 90251913; Davé, Arwen 1,2 Thompson, Sarah J. 1,3 McKay, Christopher P. 1 Stoker, Carol R. 1 Zacny, Kris 4 Paulsen, Gale 4 Mellerowicz, Bolek 4 Glass, Brian J. 1 Willson, David 1,5 Bonaccorsi, Rosalba 1,6 Rask, Jon 7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Lockheed Martin IS&GS, Moffett Field, California.  3: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., Moffett Field, California.  4: Honeybee Robotics, Pasadena, California.  5: KISS Institute for Practical Robotics, Moffett Field, California.  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  7: Dynamac Inc., Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California.; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p354; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: AIR gap (Engineering); Subject Term: SOIL cohesion; Subject Term: BASALT; Subject Term: SOIL particles; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2012.0911
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sánchez-Monge, Á.
AU  - Cesaroni, R.
AU  - Beltrán, M. T.
AU  - Kumar, M. S. N.
AU  - Stanke, T.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
AU  - Etoka, S.
AU  - Galli, D.
AU  - Hummel, C. A.
AU  - Moscadelli, L.
AU  - Preibisch, T.
AU  - Ratzka, T.
AU  - van der Tak, F. F. S.
AU  - Vig, S.
AU  - Walmsley, C. M.
AU  - K.-S.Wang
T1  - A candidate circumbinary Keplerian disk in G35.20-0.74 N: A study with ALMA.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 552
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00046361
AB  - We report on ALMA observations of continuum and molecular line emission with 0". 4 resolution towards the high-mass star-forming region G35.20-0.74 N. Two dense cores are detected in typical hot-core tracers (e.g., CH3CN) that reveal velocity gradients. In one of these cores, the velocity field can be fitted with an almost edge-on Keplerian disk rotating about a central mass of ~18 M☉. This finding is consistent with the results of a recent study of the CO first overtone bandhead emission at 2.3 μm towards G35.20-0.74 N. The disk radius and mass are ≳2500 au and ~3 M☉. To reconcile the observed bolometric luminosity (~3×104 L☉) with the estimated stellar mass of 18 M☉, we propose that the latter is the total mass of a binary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VELOCITY
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - EMISSION control
KW  - RADIUS (Geometry)
KW  - ISM: individual objects: G35.20-0.74N
KW  - ISM: jets and outflows
KW  - stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 87078704; Sánchez-Monge, Á. 1; Email Address: asanchez@arcetri.astro.it Cesaroni, R. 1 Beltrán, M. T. 1 Kumar, M. S. N. 2 Stanke, T. 3 Zinnecker, H. 4 Etoka, S. 5,6 Galli, D. 1 Hummel, C. A. 3 Moscadelli, L. 1 Preibisch, T. 7 Ratzka, T. 7 van der Tak, F. F. S. 8,9 Vig, S. 10 Walmsley, C. M. 1,11 K.-S.Wang 12; Affiliation:  1: INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy  2: Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  3: ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany  4: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK  6: Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany  7: Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany  8: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  9: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  10: Department of Earth and Space Science, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 547 Kerala, India  11: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland  12: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 552 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: EMISSION control; Subject Term: RADIUS (Geometry); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: G35.20-0.74N; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: jets and outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201321134
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHAPLIN, W. J.
AU  - SANCHIS-OJEDA, R.
AU  - CAMPANTE, T. L.
AU  - HANDBERG, R.
AU  - STELLO, D.
AU  - WINN, J. N.
AU  - BASU, S.
AU  - CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, J.
AU  - DAVIES, G. R.
AU  - METCALFE, T. S.
AU  - BUCHHAVE, L. A.
AU  - FISCHER, D. A.
AU  - BEDDING, T. R.
AU  - COCHRAN, W. D.
AU  - ELSWORTH, Y.
AU  - GILLILAN, R. L.
AU  - HEKKER, S.
AU  - HUBER, D.
AU  - ISAACSON, H.
AU  - KAROFF, C.
T1  - ASTEROSEISMIC DETERMINATION OF OBLIQUITIES OF THE EXOPLANET SYSTEMS KEPLER-50 AND KEPLER-65.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04//4/ 1/2013
VL  - 766
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Results on the obliquity of exoplanet host stars—the angle between the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbital axis—provide important diagnostic information for theories describing planetary formation. Here we present the first application of asteroseismology to the problem of stellar obliquity determination in systems with transiting planets and Sun-like host stars.We consider two systems observed by theNASA Kepler mission which have multiple transiting small (super-Earth sized) planets: the previously reported Kepler-50 and a new system, Kepler-65, whose planets we validate in this paper. Both stars show rich spectra of solar-like oscillations. From the asteroseismic analysis we find that each host has its rotation axis nearly perpendicular to the line of sight with the sines of the angles constrained at the 1σ level to lie above 0.97 and 0.91, respectively. We use statistical arguments to show that coplanar orbits are favored in both systems, and that the orientations of the planetary orbits and the stellar rotation axis are correlated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OBLIQUITY-induced precession
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - EARLY stars
KW  - COPLANAR transmission lines
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - asteroseismology
KW  - planets and satellites: formation
KW  - planets and satellites: general
KW  - stars: rotation
N1  - Accession Number: 90086146; CHAPLIN, W. J. 1 SANCHIS-OJEDA, R. 2 CAMPANTE, T. L. 1 HANDBERG, R. 3 STELLO, D. 4 WINN, J. N. 2 BASU, S. 5 CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, J. 3 DAVIES, G. R. 1 METCALFE, T. S. 6 BUCHHAVE, L. A. 7,8 FISCHER, D. A. BEDDING, T. R. 4 COCHRAN, W. D. 9 ELSWORTH, Y. 1 GILLILAN, R. L. 10 HEKKER, S. 1,11 HUBER, D. 12 ISAACSON, H. 13 KAROFF, C. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  2: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  3: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  4: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia  5: Department and Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  6: White Dwarf Research Corporation, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  7: Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  8: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1530 Copenhagen, Denmark  9: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  10: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  11: Astronomical Institute, "Anton Pannekoek," University of Amsterdam, 1098-XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  12: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: 4/ 1/2013, Vol. 766 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: OBLIQUITY-induced precession; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: EARLY stars; Subject Term: COPLANAR transmission lines; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/101
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FILACCHIONE, G.
AU  - CAPACCIONI, F.
AU  - CLARK, R. N.
AU  - NICHOLSON, P. D.
AU  - CRUIKSHANK, D. P.
AU  - CUZZI, J. N.
AU  - LUNINE, J. I.
AU  - BROWN, R. H.
AU  - CERRONI, P.
AU  - TOSI, F.
AU  - CIARNIELLO, M.
AU  - BURATTI, B. J.
AU  - HEDMAN, M. M.
AU  - FLAMINI, E.
T1  - THE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WATER ICE AND CHROMOPHORES ACROSS SATURN'S SYSTEM.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04//4/ 1/2013
VL  - 766
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Over the past eight years, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) on board the Cassini orbiter has returned hyperspectral images in the 0.35-5.1 μm range of the icy satellites and rings of Saturn. These very different objects show significant variations in surface composition, roughness, and regolith grain size as a result of their evolutionary histories, endogenic processes, and interactions with exogenic particles. The distributions of surface water ice and chromophores, i.e., organic and non-icy materials, across the Saturnian system, are traced using specific spectral indicators (spectral slopes and absorption band depths) obtained from rings mosaics and disk-integrated satellites observations by VIMS. Moving from the inner C ring to Iapetus, we found a marking uniformity in the distribution of abundance of water ice. On the other hand, the distribution of chromophores is much more concentrated in the rings particles and on the outermost satellites (Rhea, Hyperion, and Iapetus). A reduction of red material is observed on the satellites' surfaces orbiting within the E ring environment likely due to fine particles from Enceladus' plumes. Once the exogenous dark material covering the Iapetus' leading hemisphere is removed, the texture of the water ice-rich surfaces, inferred through the 2 μm band depth, appears remarkably uniform across the entire system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIAL distribution function
KW  - CHROMOPHORES
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - INFRARED absorption
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - SURFACE composition (Planetology)
KW  - planets and satellites: composition
KW  - planets and satellites: rings
N1  - Accession Number: 90086121; FILACCHIONE, G. 1; Email Address: gianrico.filacchione@iaps.inaf.it CAPACCIONI, F. 1 CLARK, R. N. 2 NICHOLSON, P. D. 3 CRUIKSHANK, D. P. 4 CUZZI, J. N. 4 LUNINE, J. I. 3 BROWN, R. H. 5 CERRONI, P. 1 TOSI, F. 1 CIARNIELLO, M. 1 BURATTI, B. J. 6 HEDMAN, M. M. 3 FLAMINI, E. 7; Affiliation:  1: INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Area di Ricerca di Tor Vergata, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, I-00133, Rome, Italy  2: Federal Center, US Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80228, USA  3: Astronomy Department, Cornell University, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  5: Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Kuiper Space Sciences 431A, Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  6: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: ASI, Italian Space Agency, viale Liegi 26, I-00198 Rome, Italy; Source Info: 4/ 1/2013, Vol. 766 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: RADIAL distribution function; Subject Term: CHROMOPHORES; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: INFRARED absorption; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: SURFACE composition (Planetology); Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: rings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/76
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FRESSIN, FRANÇOIS
AU  - TORRES, GUILLERMO
AU  - CHARBONNEAU, DAVID
AU  - BRYSON, STEPHEN T.
AU  - CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE
AU  - DRESSING, COURTNEY D.
AU  - JENKINS, JON M.
AU  - WALKOWICZ, LUCIANNE M.
AU  - BATALHA, NATALIE M.
T1  - THE FALSE POSITIVE RATE OF KEPLER AND THE OCCURRENCE OF PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04//4/ 1/2013
VL  - 766
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Kepler mission is uniquely suited to study the frequencies of extrasolar planets. This goal requires knowledge of the incidence of false positives such as eclipsing binaries in the background of the targets, or physically bound to them, which can mimic the photometric signal of a transiting planet. We perform numerical simulations of the Kepler targets and of physical companions or stars in the background to predict the occurrence of astrophysical false positives detectable by the mission. Using real noise level estimates, we compute the number and characteristics of detectable eclipsing pairs involving main-sequence stars and non-main-sequence stars or planets, and we quantify the fraction of those that would pass the Kepler candidate vetting procedure. By comparing their distribution with that of the Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs) detected during the first six quarters of operation of the spacecraft, we infer the false positive rate of Kepler and study its dependence on spectral type, candidate planet size, and orbital period. We find that the global false positive rate of Kepler is 9.4%, peaking for giant planets (6-22 R⊕) at 17.7%, reaching a low of 6.7% for small Neptunes (2-4 R⊕), and increasing again for Earth-size planets (0.8-1.25 R⊕) to 12.3%. Most importantly, we also quantify and characterize the distribution and rate of occurrence of planets down to Earth size with no prior assumptions on their frequency, by subtracting from the population of actual Kepler candidates our simulated population of astrophysical false positives. We find that 16.5%±3.6% of main-sequence FGK stars have at least one planet between 0.8 and 1.25 R⊕ with orbital periods up to 85 days. This result is a significant step toward the determination of eta-earth, the occurrence of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of their parent stars. There is no significant dependence of the rates of planet occurrence between 0.8 and 4 Earth radii with spectral type. In the process, we also derive a prescription for the signal recovery rate of Kepler that enables a good match to both the KOI size and orbital period distribution, as well as their signal-to-noise distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90086126; FRESSIN, FRANÇOIS 1; Email Address: ffressin@cfa.harvard.edu TORRES, GUILLERMO 1 CHARBONNEAU, DAVID 1 BRYSON, STEPHEN T. 2 CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE 2 DRESSING, COURTNEY D. 1 JENKINS, JON M. 2 WALKOWICZ, LUCIANNE M. 3 BATALHA, NATALIE M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Source Info: 4/ 1/2013, Vol. 766 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/766/2/81
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Setvák, Martin
AU  - Bedka, Kristopher
AU  - Lindsey, Daniel T.
AU  - Sokol, Alois
AU  - Charvát, Zdeněk
AU  - Šťástka, Jindřich
AU  - Wang, Pao K.
T1  - A-Train observations of deep convective storm tops
JO  - Atmospheric Research
JF  - Atmospheric Research
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 123
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 248
SN  - 01698095
AB  - Abstract: The paper highlights simultaneous observations of tops of deep convective clouds from several space-borne instruments including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) of the Aqua satellite, Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) of the CloudSat satellite, and Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) flown on the CALIPSO satellite. These satellites share very close orbits, thus together with several other satellites they are referred to as the “A-Train” constellation. Though the primary responsibility of these satellites and their instrumentation is much broader than observations of fine-scale processes atop convective storms, in this study we document how data from the A-Train can contribute to a better understanding and interpretation of various storm-top features, such as overshooting tops, cold-U/V and cold ring features with their coupled embedded warm areas, above anvil ice plumes and jumping cirrus. The relationships between MODIS multi-spectral brightness temperature difference (BTD) fields and cloud top signatures observed by the CPR and CALIOP are also examined in detail to highlight the variability in BTD signals across convective storm events. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STORMS
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - SPACE-based radar
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - A-Train, CloudSat
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Cold-ring shape
KW  - Cold-U shape
KW  - Convective storm
KW  - Enhanced-V feature
KW  - Lower stratosphere
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Overshooting top
KW  - Storm-top
N1  - Accession Number: 85852553; Setvák, Martin 1; Email Address: setvak@chmi.cz Bedka, Kristopher 2 Lindsey, Daniel T. 3 Sokol, Alois 4 Charvát, Zdeněk 1 Šťástka, Jindřich 1,5 Wang, Pao K. 6; Affiliation:  1: Czech Hydrometeorological Institute, Praha, Czech Republic  2: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: NOAA/NESDIS/RAMMB, CIRA/CSU, Fort Collins, CO, USA  4: Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University Bratislava, Slovakia  5: Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic  6: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 123, p229; Subject Term: STORMS; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: SPACE-based radar; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: A-Train, CloudSat; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold-ring shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold-U shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective storm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enhanced-V feature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lower stratosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overshooting top; Author-Supplied Keyword: Storm-top; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.06.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bala, G.
AU  - Krishna, Sujith
AU  - Narayanappa, Devaraju
AU  - Cao, Long
AU  - Caldeira, Ken
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - An estimate of equilibrium sensitivity of global terrestrial carbon cycle using NCAR CCSM4.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 40
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1671
EP  - 1686
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - Increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO influence climate, terrestrial biosphere productivity and ecosystem carbon storage through its radiative, physiological and fertilization effects. In this paper, we quantify these effects for a doubling of CO using a low resolution configuration of the coupled model NCAR CCSM4. In contrast to previous coupled climate-carbon modeling studies, we focus on the near-equilibrium response of the terrestrial carbon cycle. For a doubling of CO, the radiative effect on the physical climate system causes global mean surface air temperature to increase by 2.14 K, whereas the physiological and fertilization on the land biosphere effects cause a warming of 0.22 K, suggesting that these later effects increase global warming by about 10 % as found in many recent studies. The CO-fertilization leads to total ecosystem carbon gain of 371 Gt-C (28 %) while the radiative effect causes a loss of 131 Gt-C (~10 %) indicating that climate warming damps the fertilization-induced carbon uptake over land. Our model-based estimate for the maximum potential terrestrial carbon uptake resulting from a doubling of atmospheric CO concentration (285-570 ppm) is only 242 Gt-C. This highlights the limited storage capacity of the terrestrial carbon reservoir. We also find that the terrestrial carbon storage sensitivity to changes in CO and temperature have been estimated to be lower in previous transient simulations because of lags in the climate-carbon system. Our model simulations indicate that the time scale of terrestrial carbon cycle response is greater than 500 years for CO-fertilization and about 200 years for temperature perturbations. We also find that dynamic changes in vegetation amplify the terrestrial carbon storage sensitivity relative to a static vegetation case: because of changes in tree cover, changes in total ecosystem carbon for CO-direct and climate effects are amplified by 88 and 72 %, respectively, in simulations with dynamic vegetation when compared to static vegetation simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Carbon cycle feedback
KW  - Climate change
KW  - CO-fertilization
KW  - CO-physiological effect
KW  - Terrestrial carbon cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 86660397; Bala, G. 1; Email Address: bala.gov@gmail.com Krishna, Sujith 1 Narayanappa, Devaraju 1 Cao, Long 2 Caldeira, Ken 3 Nemani, Ramakrishna 4; Affiliation:  1: Divecha Center for Climate Change, Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012 India  2: Department of Earth Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China  3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street Stanford 94305 USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 40 Issue 7/8, p1671; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO-fertilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO-physiological effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial carbon cycle; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-012-1495-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liston, Dorion B.
AU  - Krukowski, Anton E.
AU  - Stone, Leland S.
T1  - Saccade detection during smooth tracking.
JO  - Displays
JF  - Displays
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 176
SN  - 01419382
AB  - Abstract: Saccade detection in an eye-movement trace provides a starting point for analyses ranging from the investigation of low-level oculomotor mechanisms to high-level cognitive processes. When the eye tracks the motion of the object of current interest (smooth pursuit), of the visual background (OKN), or of the resultant visual motion from a head movement (tVOR, rVOR), the smooth tracking movement is generally intermixed with rapid-phase saccadic eye movements, which must be excised to analyze the smooth components of tracking behavior properly. We describe a simple method to detect saccades on a background trace of variable velocity, compare our saccade-detection algorithm with the performance of an expert human observer, and present an ideal-observer analysis to benchmark its detection performance. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Displays is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SACCADIC eye movements
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - COGNITIVE ability
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - HUMAN mechanics
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - Eye movements
KW  - Fixation
KW  - Saccades
KW  - Smooth pursuit
N1  - Accession Number: 89104210; Liston, Dorion B. 1,2; Email Address: dorion.b.liston@nasa.gov Krukowski, Anton E. 1,2 Stone, Leland S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  2: San José State University, San José, California 95192, United States; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p171; Subject Term: SACCADIC eye movements; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: COGNITIVE ability; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: HUMAN mechanics; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eye movements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fixation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saccades; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smooth pursuit; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.displa.2012.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ryder, Jeffrey
AU  - Buxton, Roxanne
AU  - Goetchius, Elizabeth
AU  - Scott-Pandorf, Melissa
AU  - Hackney, Kyle
AU  - Fiedler, James
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Bloomberg, Jacob
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori
T1  - Influence of muscle strength to weight ratio on functional task performance.
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 113
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 911
EP  - 921
SN  - 14396319
AB  - Existing models of muscle deconditioning such as bed rest are expensive and time-consuming. We propose a new model utilizing a weighted suit to manipulate muscle strength, power, or endurance relative to body weight. The aims of the study were to determine as to which muscle measures best predict functional task performance and to determine muscle performance thresholds below which task performance is impaired. Twenty subjects performed seven occupational astronaut tasks (supine and upright seat egress and walk, rise from fall, hatch opening, ladder climb, object carry, and construction board activity), while wearing a suit weighted with 0-120 % of body weight. Models of the relationship between muscle function/body weight and task completion time were developed using fractional polynomial regression and verified with pre- and post-flight astronaut performance data. Spline regression was used to identify muscle function thresholds for each task. Upright seat egress and walk was the most difficult task according to the spline regression analysis thresholds. Thresholds normalized to body weight were 17.8 N/kg for leg press isometric force, 17.6 W/kg for leg press power, 78.8 J/kg for leg press work, 5.9 N/kg isometric knee extension and 1.9 Nm/kg isokinetic knee extension torque. Leg press maximal isometric force/body weight was the most reliable measure for modeling performance of ambulatory tasks. Laboratory-based manipulation of relative strength has promise as an analog for spaceflight-induced loss of muscle function. Muscle performance values normalized to body weight can be used to predict occupational task performance and to establish relevant strength thresholds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Journal of Applied Physiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MUSCLE strength
KW  - STRENGTH training
KW  - WEIGHT training
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - PHYSICAL fitness
KW  - PHYSICAL training & conditioning
KW  - PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects
KW  - Muscle
KW  - Power
KW  - Strength
KW  - Task performance
KW  - Work
N1  - Accession Number: 86145088; Ryder, Jeffrey 1; Email Address: jeffrey.ryder-1@nasa.gov Buxton, Roxanne 2 Goetchius, Elizabeth 2 Scott-Pandorf, Melissa 3 Hackney, Kyle 3 Fiedler, James 1 Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 1 Bloomberg, Jacob 4 Ploutz-Snyder, Lori 1; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Houston 77058 USA  2: University of Houston, Houston 77004 USA  3: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering, Houston 77058 USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston 77058 USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 113 Issue 4, p911; Subject Term: MUSCLE strength; Subject Term: STRENGTH training; Subject Term: WEIGHT training; Subject Term: TASK performance; Subject Term: PHYSICAL fitness; Subject Term: PHYSICAL training & conditioning; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muscle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Task performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Work; NAICS/Industry Codes: 713940 Fitness and Recreational Sports Centers; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00421-012-2500-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lucas, Nathaniel
AU  - Doty, Michael
AU  - Taubert, Lutz
AU  - Wygnanski, Israel
T1  - Reducing the noise emanating from a twin jet nozzle using flexible filaments.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 54
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 07234864
AB  - A twin jet was tested in anechoic facilities at the University of Arizona and NASA Langley Research Center to determine the effectiveness of flexible filaments in jet noise reduction. Results were strongly dependent on filament diameter and material, the most effective of which was found to be Tex 800 Kevlar. In the best configurations, the filaments consistently eliminated screech tones and reduced overall sound pressure level by 3 dB or more. Additionally, broadband shock noise was diminished by more than 5 dB over certain audible frequency ranges. Larger-scale tests run at NASA showed comparable reductions in overall sound pressure level and broadband shock-associated noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET nozzles
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNIVERSITY of Arizona
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 87087614; Lucas, Nathaniel 1; Email Address: nlucas333@gmail.com Doty, Michael 2 Taubert, Lutz 1 Wygnanski, Israel; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1130 N. Mountain Ave. Tucson 85721-0119 USA  2: Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 461 Hampton 23681-2199 USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: JET nozzles; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNIVERSITY of Arizona Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00348-013-1504-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paulkovich, Michael
T1  - Answer to Stalin.
JO  - Free Inquiry
JF  - Free Inquiry
Y1  - 2013/04//Apr/May2013
VL  - 33
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 51
SN  - 02720701
AB  - In this article, the author discusses the status of the atheists in the society. It is mentioned that as per the poll by University of Columbia, atheists are considered as the society's least trusted group. Stalinism in relation to the atheism is also discussed. The use of the word atheist in the editions of the book "The End of Faith," by Sam Harris is also discussed.
KW  - ATHEISTS
KW  - STALINISM
KW  - TRUST -- Social aspects
KW  - ATHEISM
KW  - SOCIAL conditions
KW  - HARRIS, Sam, 1967-
KW  - END of Faith: Religion, Terror & the Future of Reason, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 86195833; Paulkovich, Michael 1; Affiliation:  1: Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Apr/May2013, Vol. 33 Issue 3, p49; Subject Term: ATHEISTS; Subject Term: STALINISM; Subject Term: TRUST -- Social aspects; Subject Term: ATHEISM; Subject Term: SOCIAL conditions; Reviews & Products: END of Faith: Religion, Terror & the Future of Reason, The (Book); People: HARRIS, Sam, 1967-; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrison, Keith D.
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Kennedy, Martin J.
T1  - The reduction of structural iron in ferruginous smectite via the amino acid cysteine: Implications for an electron shuttling compound
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 106
M3  - Article
SP  - 152
EP  - 163
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: Microbes can reduce the structural iron (Fe(III)str) in clay minerals thus providing a potentially important terminal electron acceptor in the oxidation of organic matter. Many of these microorganisms participate in dissimilatory metal reduction with Fe(III) serving as the terminal electron acceptor either through direct contact with mineral surfaces or by way of electron shuttling compounds. Here we provide evidence for the electron shuttling capability of the amino acid cysteine with a ferruginous dioctahedral smectite (SWa-1) using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and quantitative assay of ferric and ferrous iron. Reactions to determine the electron exchange between cysteine and SWa-1 were performed in pH 8 adjusted oxygen free solutions. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) performed on self-supporting clay films reveals that cysteine has the ability to reduce Fe(III)str, as shown by the decrease in the intensity of the AlFeOH and FeFeOH deformation and stretching bands resulting from decreased hydroxyl vibrations in the octahedral sheets. X-ray diffraction of the c-oriented SWa-1 reveals that cysteine intercalated into the d00l interlayer spaces. Quantitative iron assay indicates that the SWa-1 retains its structural iron upon reduction by cysteine and reoxidation. The increased interlayer spacing due to the intercalation of cysteine implies that this electron exchange is occurring from the basal surfaces of the smectite, as opposed to edge sites. When the SWa-1 was rinsed in dialysis tubing, the AlFeOH and FeFeOH vibrations reappear in FTIR spectra and the XRD patterns reveal that the cysteine no longer occupies interlayer sites. These results are consistent with partially reversible changes in clay mineral structure resulting from the reduction of Fe(III)str. They support the hypothesis that cysteine could serve as an electron shuttling compound used by microorganisms to gain access to structural iron in clay minerals and extends the range of microbially mediated Fe redox reactions from iron oxides and oxyhydroxides to the largest pool of Fe in aquatic sediments, Fe-bearing clay minerals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL iron
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
KW  - SMECTITE
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - CYSTEINE
KW  - ELECTROPHILES
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 85854371; Morrison, Keith D. 1; Email Address: keith.morrison@asu.edu Bristow, Thomas F. 2 Kennedy, Martin J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Sprigg Geobiology Centre, School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 106, p152; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL iron; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Subject Term: SMECTITE; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: CYSTEINE; Subject Term: ELECTROPHILES; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2012.12.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85854371&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bottke, William F.
AU  - Vokrouhlický, David
AU  - Nesvorný, David
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Black rain: The burial of the Galilean satellites in irregular satellite debris
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 223
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 775
EP  - 795
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Irregular satellites are dormant comet-like bodies that reside on distant prograde and retrograde orbits around the giant planets. They are likely to be captured objects. Dynamical modeling work indicates they may have been caught during a violent reshuffling of the giant planets ∼4Gy ago (Ga) as described by the so-called Nice model. According to this scenario, giant planet migration scattered tens of Earth masses of comet-like bodies throughout the Solar System, with some comets finding themselves near giant planets experiencing mutual encounters. In these cases, gravitational perturbations between the giant planets were often sufficient to capture the comet-like bodies onto irregular satellite-like orbits via three-body reactions. Modeling work suggests these events led to the capture of on the order of ∼0.001 lunar masses of comet-like objects on isotropic orbits around the giant planets. Roughly half of the population was readily lost by interactions with the Kozai resonance. The remaining half found themselves on orbits consistent with the known irregular satellites. From there, the bodies experienced substantial collisional evolution, enough to grind themselves down to their current low-mass states. Here we explore the fate of the putative irregular satellite debris in the Jupiter system. Pulverized by collisions, we hypothesize that the carbonaceous chondrite-like material was beaten into small enough particles that it could be driven toward Jupiter by Poynting–Robertson (P–R) drag forces. Assuming its mass distribution was dominated by D >50μm particles, we find that >40% ended up striking the Galilean satellites. The majority were swept up by Callisto, with a factor of 3–4 and 20–30 fewer particles reaching Ganymede and Europa/Io, respectively. Collision evolution models indicate most of this material arrived about 4Ga, but some is still arriving today. We predict that Callisto, Ganymede, Europa, and Io were buried about 4Ga by ∼120–140m, 25–30m, 7–15m, and 7–8m of dark debris, respectively. The first two values are consistent with observations of the deepest dark lag deposits found on the most ancient terrains of Callisto and Ganymede. The rest of the debris was likely worked into the crusts of these worlds by geologic and impact processes. This suggests the debris is a plausible source of the dark lag material found in Europa’s low-lying crevices. More speculatively, it is conceivable that the accreted dark particles were a significant source of organic material to Europa’s subsurface ocean. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALILEAN satellites
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - COMETS
KW  - DYNAMIC models
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - Callisto
KW  - Europa
KW  - Ganymede
KW  - Irregular satellites
KW  - Jupiter, Satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 86254885; Bottke, William F. 1; Email Address: bottke@boulder.swri.edu Vokrouhlický, David 2 Nesvorný, David 1 Moore, Jeffrey M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute and NASA Lunar Science Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: Institute of Astronomy, Charles University, Prague, V Holešovičkách 2, 180 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Div., MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 223 Issue 2, p775; Subject Term: GALILEAN satellites; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: DYNAMIC models; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Callisto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Europa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ganymede; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irregular satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter, Satellites; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.01.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86254885&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Jianjun
AU  - Wang, Yeqiao
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Melton, Forrest S.
AU  - Hiatt, Samuel H.
AU  - Zhang, Hongyan
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - The Variation of Land Surface Phenology From 1982 to 2006 Along the Appalachian Trail.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/04//Apr2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2087
EP  - 2095
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The gradients of the Appalachian Trail (A.T.) in elevations and latitudes provide a megatransect to study environmental variations in the eastern United States. This paper reveals patterns and trends of land surface phenology (LSP) in association with climatic variables within a corridor area along the A.T. We employed time-series data from Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies and the Surface Observation and Gridding System between 1982 and 2006 to extract spatial and temporal variation patterns of LSP metrics and the correlations with meteorological parameters. The derived trends in LSP metrics indicate that the extended length of season mainly resulted from delayed end of season (EOS) across the study area. More significant change occurred in the northern segment than in the southern segment, which reflects latitudinal effects. We analyzed the relationship between LSP and longitude, latitude, elevation, local climatic variables, and large-scale climate oscillations. Delayed start of season in 1989 and advanced EOS in 1988 were observed responding to the La Niña episode during 1988–1989. This paper provides information about the effects of climate and topography on LSP along the Appalachian Mountain ridges. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes -- Research
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - LAND surface temperature
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - Appalachian Trail (A.T.)
KW  - climatic variation
KW  - Correlation
KW  - Earth Observing System
KW  - Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS)
KW  - Land surface
KW  - land surface phenology (LSP)
KW  - Market research
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Surface Observation and Gridding System (SOGS)
KW  - Surface topography
N1  - Accession Number: 95451805; Zhao, Jianjun 1 Wang, Yeqiao 2 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 3 Melton, Forrest S. 4 Hiatt, Samuel H. 5 Zhang, Hongyan 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 5; Affiliation:  1: School of Urban and Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China  2: Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island at Kingston, Kingston, RI, USA  3: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay, Monterey Bay, CA, USA  4: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay , Monterey Bay, CA, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p2087; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Research; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: LAND surface temperature; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Appalachian Trail (A.T.); Author-Supplied Keyword: climatic variation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Observing System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface phenology (LSP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Market research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface Observation and Gridding System (SOGS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface topography; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2217149
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95451805&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - James, John T.
AU  - Lam, Chiu-Wing
AU  - Santana, Patricia A.
AU  - Scully, Robert R.
T1  - Estimate of safe human exposure levels for lunar dust based on comparative benchmark dose modeling.
JO  - Inhalation Toxicology
JF  - Inhalation Toxicology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 256
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08958378
AB  - Brief exposures of Apollo astronauts to lunar dust occasionally elicited upper respiratory irritation; however, no limits were ever set for prolonged exposure to lunar dust. The United States and other space faring nations intend to return to the moon for extensive exploration within a few decades. In the meantime, habitats for that exploration, whether mobile or fixed, must be designed to limit human exposure to lunar dust to safe levels. Herein we estimate safe exposure limits for lunar dust collected during the Apollo 14 mission. We instilled three respirable-sized (∼2 μ mass median diameter) lunar dusts (two ground and one unground) and two standard dusts of widely different toxicities (quartz and TiO2) into the respiratory system of rats. Rats in groups of six were given 0, 1, 2.5 or 7.5 mg of the test dust in a saline-Survanta® vehicle, and biochemical and cellular biomarkers of toxicity in lung lavage fluid were assayed 1 week and one month after instillation. By comparing the dose--response curves of sensitive biomarkers, we estimated safe exposure levels for astronauts and concluded that unground lunar dust and dust ground by two different methods were not toxicologically distinguishable. The safe exposure estimates were 1.3 ± 0.4 mg/m3 (jet-milled dust), 1.0 ± 0.5 mg/m3 (ball-milled dust) and 0.9 ± 0.3 mg/m3 (unground, natural dust). We estimate that 0.5-1 mg/m3 of lunar dust is safe for periodic human exposures during long stays in habitats on the lunar surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Inhalation Toxicology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - RESPIRATORY infections
KW  - BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - Benchmark dose
KW  - inhalation
KW  - lunar dust
KW  - mineral dust
N1  - Accession Number: 87106907; James, John T. 1 Lam, Chiu-Wing 2 Santana, Patricia A. 3 Scully, Robert R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Toxicology Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center Houston, TX USA  2: Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group Houston, TX USA  3: Universities Space Research Association Houston, TX USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p243; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: RESPIRATORY infections; Subject Term: BRONCHOALVEOLAR lavage; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benchmark dose; Author-Supplied Keyword: inhalation; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: mineral dust; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3109/08958378.2013.777821
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87106907&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burow, Luke C
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Marshall, Ian PG
AU  - Lindquist, Erika A
AU  - Bebout, Brad M
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M
AU  - Tringe, Susannah G
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
AU  - Weber, Peter K
AU  - Spormann, Alfred M
AU  - Singer, Steven W
T1  - Anoxic carbon flux in photosynthetic microbial mats as revealed by metatranscriptomics.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 817
EP  - 829
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Photosynthetic microbial mats possess extraordinary phylogenetic and functional diversity that makes linking specific pathways with individual microbial populations a daunting task. Close metabolic and spatial relationships between Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi have previously been observed in diverse microbial mats. Here, we report that an expressed metabolic pathway for the anoxic catabolism of photosynthate involving Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi in microbial mats can be reconstructed through metatranscriptomic sequencing of mats collected at Elkhorn Slough, Monterey Bay, CA, USA. In this reconstruction, Microcoleus spp., the most abundant cyanobacterial group in the mats, ferment photosynthate to organic acids, CO2 and H2 through multiple pathways, and an uncultivated lineage of the Chloroflexi take up these organic acids to store carbon as polyhydroxyalkanoates. The metabolic reconstruction is consistent with metabolite measurements and single cell microbial imaging with fluorescence in situ hybridization and NanoSIMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANOXEMIA
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Imaging
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Phylogeny
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHATES
KW  - POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES
KW  - FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization
N1  - Accession Number: 86167887; Burow, Luke C 1 Woebken, Dagmar 1 Marshall, Ian PG 2 Lindquist, Erika A 3 Bebout, Brad M 4 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 4 Hoehler, Tori M 4 Tringe, Susannah G 3 Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 5 Weber, Peter K 5 Spormann, Alfred M 2 Singer, Steven W 6; Affiliation:  1: 1] Departments of Chemical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Departments of Chemical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA  3: Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA  4: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA  6: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p817; Subject Term: ANOXEMIA; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Imaging; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Phylogeny; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHATES; Subject Term: POLYHYDROXYALKANOATES; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2012.150
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86167887&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chang, C. T.
AU  - Tacina, K.
AU  - Lee, C.
AU  - Bulzan, D.
AU  - Hicks, Y.
AU  - Liu, N.-S.
AU  - Lee, J.
T1  - NASA Glenn Combustion Research for Aeronautical Propulsion.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 259
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) has been involved in a wide range of combustion research topics in combustor concept research, component technology development, and enabling technology development to provide enabling technologies for flight regimes from subsonic to hypersonic. These research efforts were carried out by NASA and industrial and academic partners through a range of NASA fundamental research and focused programs. These synergistic efforts in fuel injection, flame stabilization, combustion physics, and ignition studies have resulted in combustor concept changes that resulted in much cleaner-burning modern jet engines. New computational tools, optical diagnostics, fuels, and fuel conditioning technology are being currently used to develop a better understanding of the complex processes occurring in combustion systems for a range of future propulsion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - RENEWABLE energy sources
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - FUEL switching
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Alternate fuel
KW  - CFD
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Combustor concept
KW  - Engines
KW  - Fuel consumption
KW  - Fuel injection
KW  - Hypersonic propulsion
KW  - NASA
KW  - Optical diagnostic
KW  - Renewable energy
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463546; Chang, C. T. Tacina, K. 1 Lee, C. 2 Bulzan, D. 1 Hicks, Y. 3 Liu, N.-S. 3 Lee, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland OH 44135. E-mail:  2: Chief, Combustion Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland OH 44135. E-mail:  3: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p251; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: RENEWABLE energy sources; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: FUEL switching; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alternate fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustor concept; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel consumption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel injection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersonic propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical diagnostic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Renewable energy; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000289
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463546&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
AU  - Povinelli, Louis A.
T1  - Computational Fluid Dynamics: NASA Glenn Research Center's Legacy and Contributions.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
EP  - 287
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Development and contributions to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) during the period from 1947 to the present are reviewed in five categories: numerical methods, physical modeling, CFD codes development, CFD validation and engineering applications, and multidisciplinary design optimization. Some representative results in applications to aero and propulsion systems are included to illustrate the developed capabilities. GRC has a long history of investing resources to develop these key subject matters, with an interest in a wide range of applications, primarily focusing on propulsion-related technologies and concepts. The evolved CFD capabilities have enabled simulations of complex three-dimensional flow fields for engine components and integrated configurations, as illustrated in this article. This article is intended to give a useful, albeit noncomplete, overview into GRC's work in CFD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aeroacoustics
KW  - CFD codes
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Compressor
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics technique
KW  - Design optimization
KW  - Engine system simulation
KW  - Engines
KW  - Inlet and nozzle
KW  - Multidisciplinary analysis
KW  - Numerical analysis
KW  - Numerical methods
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Turbine heat transfer
KW  - Turbulence
KW  - Turbulence modeling
KW  - Validation
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463549; Liou, Meng-Sing Povinelli, Louis A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Senior Technologist, MS 5-3, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p277; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD codes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics technique; Author-Supplied Keyword: Design optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engine system simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inlet and nozzle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multidisciplinary analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000295
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463549&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patterson, Michael J.
AU  - Sovey, James S.
T1  - History of Electric Propulsion at NASA Glenn Research Center: 1956 to Present.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 300
EP  - 316
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - This paper provides a brief overview of the history of electric propulsion (EP) at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC). Since the inception of EP technology, GRC has played a pivotal role in developing the technology and transitioning it to flight. Research and development efforts by GRC's employees, grantees, and contractors brought operational EP systems to commercial satellites in the early 1990s and to NASA and other government agency missions starting in the late 1990s. GRC's early construction of unique EP test infrastructure and NASA's and GRC's sustained investments in EP research and development over several decades were strategic in the creation of technologies that continue to greatly benefit the competitiveness and capabilities of U. S. space systems and missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - HALL effect thruster
KW  - ION rockets
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Arcjets
KW  - Electric propulsion
KW  - Glenn Research Center
KW  - Hall effect thrusters
KW  - History
KW  - Ion thrusters
KW  - Lewis Research Center
KW  - NASA
KW  - Research
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - LEWIS Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463543; Patterson, Michael J. Sovey, James S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Retired; formerly, Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p300; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: HALL effect thruster; Subject Term: ION rockets; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arcjets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glenn Research Center; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hall effect thrusters; Author-Supplied Keyword: History; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ion thrusters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lewis Research Center; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center Company/Entity: LEWIS Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000304
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463543&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Linne, Diane L.
AU  - Aukerman, Carl A.
AU  - Palaszewski, Bryan A.
T1  - Chemical Propulsion: Greater than 60 Years of Leadership and Innovation at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 317
EP  - 333
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) was built during World War II with the primary objective of catching up with the Germans in jet engine technology. A decade later, it seemed only natural that these same aeropropulsion engineers would progress into the largely unexplored field of space chemical propulsion. Starting before the launch of Sputnik set off the great space race, researchers at the GRC were testing and flying cryogenic hydrogen-fueled engines that were an eventual key to the success of the Apollo manned missions to the moon. In the 60 years since this first foray into chemical propulsion, engineers at the GRC have made countless innovations and contributions to every component of rocket engine technology. From energetic propellants to green fuels, from innovative metallic alloys to ceramic composites, from seals and bearings to igniters and injectors, and from upper stages and satellites to launch vehicles and planetary landers, the dedicated and creative people at the GRC have propelled the United States to the forefront of space exploration and continue to work toward an even more exciting future. Some of the highlights of this illustrious and ongoing journey are explored in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - JET engines
KW  - JET propulsion
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Engines
KW  - Experimentation
KW  - History
KW  - Innovation
KW  - NASA
KW  - Research
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463542; Linne, Diane L. Aukerman, Carl A. 1 Palaszewski, Bryan A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Retired, Bay Village, OH 44140; formerly, Aerospace Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  2: Senior Research Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p317; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: JET propulsion; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: History; Author-Supplied Keyword: Innovation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000303
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463542&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyer, Michael L.
AU  - Chato, David J.
AU  - Plachta, David W.
AU  - Zimmerli, Gregory A.
AU  - Barsi, Stephen J.
AU  - Van Dresar, Neil T.
AU  - Moder, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Mastering Cryogenic Propellants.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
EP  - 351
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) began experimentation with cryogenic propellants in the early 1950s to understand the potential of these high-performance propellants for use in liquid propellant rocket engines. Supporting these tests required learning how to both design cryogenic systems and develop procedures to safely and reliably work with cryogenic fuels and oxidizers. This early work led to the development of a skill set that has been core to the center ever since. When NASA was formed and the exploration missions were defined, it became clear that the ability to use cryogenic propellants in the thermal and microgravity environment of space was critical to mission success, and the agency was tasked with enabling this capability. To support development of the Centaur upper stage and the Saturn S-IVB stage, GRC researchers and engineers initiated extensive technology development for the in-space application of cryogenic fluid management (CFM). These initial efforts addressed basic requirements of propellant slosh, settling, and short-term storage/pressure control. Over the ensuing years, the NASA GRC has advanced CFM technologies to enable more reliable and capable upper stages. Today, these CFM technologies are on the brink of enabling long-duration in-space cryogenic propulsion stages and cryogenic propellant depots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Fluid dynamics
KW  - Research
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - Tanks
KW  - Thermodynamics
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463547; Meyer, Michael L. Chato, David J. 1 Plachta, David W. 1 Zimmerli, Gregory A. 1 Barsi, Stephen J. 1 Van Dresar, Neil T. 1 Moder, Jeffrey P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p343; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tanks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermodynamics; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000297
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463547&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reid, Concha M.
AU  - Miller, Thomas B.
AU  - Hoberecht, Mark A.
AU  - Loyselle, Patricia L.
AU  - Taylor, Linda M.
AU  - Farmer, Serene C.
AU  - Jansen, Ralph H.
T1  - History of Electrochemical and Energy Storage Technology Development at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 361
EP  - 371
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center (GRC) has a rich heritage of developing electrochemical technologies and energy storage systems for aerospace. Primary and rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, flywheels, and regenerative fuel cells are among the GRC's portfolio of energy storage devices and primary power systems. These technologies have been developed for missions and applications such as low Earth orbit and geosynchronous Earth orbit satellites, space shuttle, astronaut spacesuit, International Space Station, landers and rovers, and lunar and planetary habitats. The desire for lower mass, lower volume, higher efficiency, and more reliable power systems has most often been the driving force behind the development of these technologies. Often, as with fuel cells for the early Gemini and Apollo missions, development of the technology has been mission enabling. Although many of these technologies were initially developed for applications in space, the existence of such capabilities or development successes at GRC has led to their adoption for terrestrial uses or further research and development for terrestrial applications, including electric vehicles, unmanned aerial and underwater vehicles, and all-electric aircraft. This paper discusses the history of and the current research and development at the GRC in electrochemical and energy storage technologies. The future outlook for each of these technologies is also addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - ELECTRIC power
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE stations
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Electric power
KW  - Energy
KW  - Energy sources
KW  - Energy storage
KW  - History
KW  - Mechanical systems
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Space stations
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463539; Reid, Concha M. Miller, Thomas B. 1 Hoberecht, Mark A. 2 Loyselle, Patricia L. 2 Taylor, Linda M. 2 Farmer, Serene C. 3 Jansen, Ralph H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Electrical Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH. E-mail:  2: Electrical Engineer, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  3: Materials Scientist, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  4: Project Manager, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p361; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE stations; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy sources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: History; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space stations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000323
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463539&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seng, Gary T.
AU  - Zeller, Mary V.
AU  - Ramos, Calvin T.
T1  - Introduction to the Communications, Instrumentation, and Controls Division.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 372
EP  - 376
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - This paper explores the organizational history of the three core discipline areas currently residing within the Communications, Instrumentation, and Controls Division, which are harsh environment instrumentation/sensors/electronics, turbine engine controls and systems dynamics, and aerospace communications technology. Division and selected branch management will be identified by discipline in chronological order. In the second section, current division research areas will be listed by branch. Finally, future progress in the key disciplines is discussed by describing near-term future work and projecting a long-term future state beyond the horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - INTERSTELLAR communication
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - Aerocommunications
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Communication
KW  - Control systems
KW  - Digital communications
KW  - Engine system dynamics
KW  - Harsh environment sensors
KW  - High-temperature electronics
KW  - Instrumentation
KW  - Networking
KW  - RF and optical communications
KW  - Space communications technology
KW  - Turbine engine controls
N1  - Accession Number: 86463528; Seng, Gary T. Zeller, Mary V. 1 Ramos, Calvin T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Division Deputy for Instrumentation and Controls, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  2: Division Deputy for Communications, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p372; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR communication; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerocommunications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Control systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engine system dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harsh environment sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Networking; Author-Supplied Keyword: RF and optical communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space communications technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbine engine controls; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000311
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463528&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramos, Calvin
AU  - Fujikawa, Gene
AU  - Jordan, Jennifer
AU  - Miranda, Félix A.
AU  - Ponchak, Denise
AU  - Pouch, John J.
AU  - Wallett, Thomas M.
T1  - Communications Research and Development at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 394
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Over the last several decades, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC), formerly Lewis Research Center (LeRC) has performed research and technology development of aeronautic- and space-based communications in support of NASA and the nation. In the 1970s, GRC partnered with the Canadian Department of Communications through the Communications Technology Satellite (CTS) Project, in which GRC researchers were responsible for the development of critical technology components, such as the high-power, traveling-wave tube amplifier (TWTA), thereby pioneering the surge of television channels via satellite. For its efforts, LeRC was awarded an Emmy by the television industry. The decade of the 1980s served as a period for technology development that culminated in the launch of the Advanced Communications Technology Satellite (ACTS) in 1993. The ACTS demonstration of spot beam antenna technology resulted in an overall increase of efficiency in satellite communications. In the latter part of the 1990s and until today, GRC research engineers have continued to conduct research and technology development in multiple domains. The primary focus of this article is to introduce the reader to the long heritage at GRC in communications research and development through the CTS and ACTS projects and delve into specific technology areas following the ACTS Project to today in support of high-data rate communications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems
KW  - OPTICAL communications
KW  - DIGITAL communications
KW  - TRAVELING-wave tubes
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Antennas
KW  - Antennas and propagation
KW  - Communication
KW  - Communications architectures
KW  - Digital communications
KW  - NASA
KW  - Navigation
KW  - Networking protocols
KW  - Optical communications
KW  - Radiofrequency (RF) communications
KW  - Research
KW  - Traveling-wave tube amplifiers
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463540; Ramos, Calvin Fujikawa, Gene 1 Jordan, Jennifer 2 Miranda, Félix A. 3 Ponchak, Denise 4 Pouch, John J. 5 Wallett, Thomas M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Branch Chief, Digital Communications and Navigation, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  2: Communications Research Engineer, Electron and Opto-Electronic Devices Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  3: Branch Chief, Antenna and Optical Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  4: Branch Chief, Networks and Architectures, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  5: Physicist, Antenna and Optical Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  6: Electronics Engineer, Antenna and Optical Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p377; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL communication systems; Subject Term: OPTICAL communications; Subject Term: DIGITAL communications; Subject Term: TRAVELING-wave tubes; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antennas and propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communications architectures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Networking protocols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiofrequency (RF) communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Traveling-wave tube amplifiers; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000316
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463540&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharp, Lauren M.
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Motil, Brian J.
T1  - Microgravity Fluids and Combustion Research at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 439
EP  - 450
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - At the dawn of the Space Age, the design of early rocket and spacecraft systems presented significant challenges because of the low-gravity environment of space. Motivated by these challenges, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) pioneered the development of low-gravity facilities-including drop towers, sounding rockets, zero-gravity (zero-g) aircraft, and most importantly, space-based facilities-to advance microgravity research to further the nation's space exploration efforts. These efforts resulted in improved spacecraft system designs and practices in areas as diverse as fluid handling and spacecraft fire safety. At the same time, researchers realized that the microgravity environment allows the study of fundamental combustion and fluid physics problems, without the complication of buoyancy-induced convection. Microgravity testing enabled advancements in areas of technological and ecological importance in terrestrial applications such as global atmospheric change, combustor design, groundwater pollution, oil production, and advanced materials manufacturing, which often rely on advances in fluid physics and chemically reacting flows. GRC has been a leader in microgravity fluid physics and combustion research for more than 50 years. This paper highlights the facilities and some of the many accomplishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROGRAVITY method
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Combustion science
KW  - Fluid physics
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - NASA
KW  - Research
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 86463529; Sharp, Lauren M. Dietrich, Daniel L. 1 Motil, Brian J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  2: Chief, Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p439; Subject Term: MICROGRAVITY method; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluid physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000293
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463529&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Myers, Jerry
AU  - Stauber, Laurel
AU  - Weaver, Aaron
AU  - McKay, Terri
AU  - Harrivel, Angela
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius
T1  - Bioscience and Medical Technology: From the Earth to Space and Back.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 451
EP  - 458
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Throughout the 70-year history of NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), technology development efforts that promoted advancement in aeronautics technologies, aerospace sciences, materials for hostile environments, and microgravity physics have also enabled the maturation of technologies that have affected medical practice on Earth, in the air, and in space. GRC's unique skill mix, required for aeronautics research and space exploration, ultimately also advanced the development of a wide array of capabilities applicable to biomedical engineering. This paper presents a historical review of notable biomedical endeavors at GRC that have addressed common and uncommon medical conditions afflicting both astronauts and non-astronauts. It also highlights the unique physiological stressors associated with residing in space. The physiological changes associated with these stimuli present evolving challenges for researchers to devise new and innovative medical interventions and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - BIOENGINEERING
KW  - DATA transmission systems
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Aerospace medicine
KW  - Bioengineering
KW  - Biosciences
KW  - Community relations
KW  - Computer models
KW  - Data analysis
KW  - Data communication
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Space life support systems
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463545; Myers, Jerry Stauber, Laurel 1 Weaver, Aaron 2 McKay, Terri 2 Harrivel, Angela 2 Hepp, Aloysius 3; Affiliation:  1: Lead, Technology Collaborations, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.  2: Biomedical Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.  3: Senior Research Scientist, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p451; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: BIOENGINEERING; Subject Term: DATA transmission systems; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioengineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Community relations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space life support systems; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000279
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463545&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Misra, Ajay K.
AU  - Greenbauer-Seng, Leslie A.
T1  - Aerospace Propulsion and Power Materials and Structures Research at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 459
EP  - 490
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) is well recognized for its contributions toward development of advanced materials and structures for aerospace propulsion and power systems. The Structures and Materials Division conducts research across a broad range of technical areas relevant to the agency's future aeronautics and space mission requirements. This paper will introduce the technical areas of strategic importance in the Structures and Materials Division today and briefly address some of the specific research activities within these areas. A broad look at how the research areas of emphasis have evolved over time, beginning in the early 1940s when the GRC was first formed, will be discussed. Examples of some of the more notable research accomplishments and their impact on the aerospace industry over this time period will be included. A discussion of the division's planned technical directions believed to be required to meet the longer-term national aeronautics and space exploration goals will also be addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE planes -- Propulsion systems
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Active structures
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Composite mechanics
KW  - Energy storage
KW  - High-temperature materials and structures
KW  - Impact dynamics
KW  - Multiscale modeling
KW  - Nanomaterials
KW  - Rotating and dynamic structures
KW  - Smart materials
KW  - Structural models
KW  - Temperature effects
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 86463531; Misra, Ajay K. Greenbauer-Seng, Leslie A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Deputy Chief, Structures and Materials Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135 (corresponding author). E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p459; Subject Term: AEROSPACE planes -- Propulsion systems; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature materials and structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanomaterials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotating and dynamic structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smart materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature effects; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000325
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nathal, Michael V.
AU  - Stefko, George L.
T1  - Smart Materials and Active Structures.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 491
EP  - 499
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Research in smart materials and active structures has grown significantly at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center (GRC) in the last 10 years. The GRC has achieved several promising results in both new material development and component applications for concepts using both shape memory alloys and piezoelectric ceramics. Progress in understanding and modeling of shape memory alloys has allowed for improved design and control methodologies. New high-temperature alloys with attractive work output have extended the capability from room temperature to ∼350°C. Finally, the list of successful prototype demonstrations continues to grow for both commercially available alloys and the newer high-temperature alloys. Analytical and experimental methods on piezoelectric blade vibration damping have produced the first successful demonstration of vibration damping on a rotating component. The damping levels achieved lead to reduced dynamic stresses, hence increased engine life and enhanced damage tolerance. In addition, new compositions have been developed to extend the temperature capability of high-performance piezoelectrics to near 400°C. These new materials are just now showing laboratory-scale feasibility and are targeted for continued development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SMART materials
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Blade spin rig
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Damping
KW  - Fan blade
KW  - Forced vibration response analysis
KW  - High-temperature piezoelectric materials
KW  - Morphing structures
KW  - Rotating blade vibration damping
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Shunted piezoelectric damping
KW  - Smart materials
KW  - Structures
KW  - Temperature effects
KW  - Vibration
N1  - Accession Number: 86463535; Nathal, Michael V. Stefko, George L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Chief, Structures and Dynamics Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p491; Subject Term: SMART materials; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blade spin rig; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fan blade; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forced vibration response analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature piezoelectric materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphing structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotating blade vibration damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shunted piezoelectric damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smart materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibration; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000319
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463535&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dever, Joyce A.
AU  - Nathal, Michael V.
AU  - DiCarlo, James A.
T1  - Research on High-Temperature Aerospace Materials at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 500
EP  - 514
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Within the Structures and Materials Division at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center (GRC), research is being conducted to develop durable high-temperature materials for the most challenging aerospace applications. Research is advancing material and coating technologies for applications including turbine engine hot section components, rocket engine combustion chamber liners, high-temperature components of advanced space power systems, and atmospheric reentry vehicle surfaces. As part of the volume of papers recognizing 70 years of research at the GRC, this paper summarizes key research contributions that GRC has made to the field of high-temperature aerospace materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - CERAMIC materials
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Aerospace engineering
KW  - Ceramic materials
KW  - Ceramic matrix composites
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Coating
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - Environmental barrier coatings
KW  - Hot corrosion
KW  - Metallic materials
KW  - Metals (material)
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Research
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
KW  - Thermal factors
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 86463544; Dever, Joyce A. Nathal, Michael V. 1 DiCarlo, James A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Chief, Advanced Metallics Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:  2: Senior Technologist, Structures and Materials Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135. E-mail:; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p500; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: CERAMIC materials; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hot corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metallic materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metals (material); Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal factors; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000321
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86463544&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chepfer, H.
AU  - Cesana, G.
AU  - Winker, D.
AU  - Getzewich, B.
AU  - Vaughan, M.
AU  - Liu, Z.
T1  - Comparison of Two Different Cloud Climatologies Derived from CALIOP-Attenuated Backscattered Measurements (Level 1): The CALIPSO-ST and the CALIPSO-GOCCP.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 30
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 725
EP  - 744
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - Two different cloud climatologies have been derived from the same NASA-Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP)-measured attenuated backscattered profile (level 1, version 3 dataset). The first climatology, named Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations-Science Team ( CALIPSO-ST), is based on the standard CALIOP cloud mask (level 2 product, version 3), with the aim to document clouds with the highest possible spatiotemporal resolution, taking full advantage of the CALIOP capabilities and sensitivity for a wide range of cloud scientific studies. The second climatology, named GCM-Oriented CALIPSO Cloud Product ( CALIPSO-GOCCP), is aimed at a single goal: evaluating GCM prediction of cloudiness. For this specific purpose, it has been designed to be fully consistent with the CALIPSO simulator included in the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Observation Simulator Package (COSP) used within version 2 of the CFMIP (CFMIP-2) experiment and phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The differences between the two datasets in the global cloud cover maps-total, low level ( P > 680 hPa), midlevel (680 < P < 440 hPa), and high level ( P < 440 hPa)-are frequently larger than 10% and vary with region. The two climatologies show significant differences in the zonal cloud fraction profile (which differ by a factor of almost 2 in some regions), which are due to the differences in the horizontal and vertical averaging of the measured attenuated backscattered profile CALIOP profile before the cloud detection and to the threshold used to detect clouds (this threshold depends on the resolution and the signal-to-noise ratio). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - WEATHER
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Climate sensitivity
KW  - Clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 87095735; Chepfer, H. 1 Cesana, G. 2 Winker, D. 3 Getzewich, B. 4 Vaughan, M. 3 Liu, Z. 4; Affiliation:  1: * LMD, IPSL, University Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France  2: LMD, IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 30 Issue 4, p725; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: WEATHER; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs, 10 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00057.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87095735&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datta, Anubhav
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Norman, Thomas R.
T1  - Experimental Investigation and Fundamental Understanding of a Full-Scale Slowed Rotor at High Advance Ratios.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 58
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - This paper describes and analyzes the measurements from a full-scale, slowed revolutions per minute (rpm), UH-60A rotor tested at the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex 40- by 80-ft wind tunnel up to an advance ratio of 1.0. A comprehensive set of measurements that includes performance, blade loads, hub loads, and pressures/airloads makes this data set unique. The measurements reveal new and rich aeromechanical phenomena that are unique to this exotic regime. These include reverse chord dynamic stall, retreating side impulse in torsion load, large inboard-outboard elastic twist differential, diminishing rotor forces and yet a dramatic buildup of blade loads, and high blade loads and yet benign levels of vibratory hub loads. The objective of this research is the fundamental understanding of these unique aeromechanical phenomena. The intent is to provide useful knowledge for the design of high-speed, high-efficiency, slowed rpm rotors of the future and a database for validation of advanced analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - MAGNUS effect
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - TESTING -- Equipment & supplies
N1  - Accession Number: 91532010; Datta, Anubhav 1; Email Address: hubloads@gmail.com Hyeonsoo Yeo 2 Norman, Thomas R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Science and Technology Corporation, U. S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), U. S. Army Research Development and Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: Aeromechanics Branch, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 58, p1; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: MAGNUS effect; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: TESTING -- Equipment & supplies; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.58.022004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91532010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Romander, Ethan A.
T1  - Loads Correlation of a Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor in a Wind Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 58
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Wind tunnel measurements of the rotor trim, blade airloads, and structural loads of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD II and a coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW2 analysis. A speed sweep at constant lift up to an advance ratio of 0.4 and a thrust sweep at constant speed into deep stall are investigated. The coupled analysis shows significant improvement over comprehensive analysis. Normal force phase is better captured for all the test conditions examined. Pitching moment is better predicted, including the magnitude and phase of the two stall events in the fourth quadrant at the deeply stalled condition. Structural loads are, in general, improved with the coupled analysis, but the magnitude of chord bending moment is still significantly underpredicted. As there are three modes around 4 and 5/rev frequencies, the structural responses to the 5/rev airloads due to dynamic stall are magnified and thus accurate analysis of the deeply stalled condition is challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter)
KW  - MILITARY helicopters -- Testing
KW  - THRUST -- Aerodynamics
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
N1  - Accession Number: 91532009; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1; Email Address: hyeonsoo.yeo.civ@mail.mil Romander, Ethan A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), U.S. Army Research, Development, and Engineering Command, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Flight Vehicle Research and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 58, p1; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter); Subject Term: MILITARY helicopters -- Testing; Subject Term: THRUST -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.58.022003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91532009&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Weverberg, K.
AU  - Vogelmann, A. M.
AU  - Lin, W.
AU  - Luke, E. P.
AU  - Cialella, A.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Khaiyer, M.
AU  - Boer, E. R.
AU  - Jensen, M. P.
T1  - The Role of Cloud Microphysics Parameterization in the Simulation of Mesoscale Convective System Clouds and Precipitation in the Tropical Western Pacific.
JO  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 70
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1104
EP  - 1128
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00224928
AB  - This paper presents a detailed analysis of convection-permitting cloud simulations, aimed at increasing the understanding of the role of parameterized cloud microphysics in the simulation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the tropical western Pacific (TWP). Simulations with three commonly used bulk microphysics parameterizations with varying complexity have been compared against satellite-retrieved cloud properties. An MCS identification and tracking algorithm was applied to the observations and the simulations to evaluate the number, spatial extent, and microphysical properties of individual cloud systems. Different from many previous studies, these individual cloud systems could be tracked over larger distances because of the large TWP domain studied. The analysis demonstrates that the simulation of MCSs is very sensitive to the parameterization of microphysical processes. The most crucial element was found to be the fall velocity of frozen condensate. Differences in this fall velocity between the experiments were more related to differences in particle number concentrations than to fall speed parameterization. Microphysics schemes that exhibit slow sedimentation rates for ice aloft experience a larger buildup of condensate in the upper troposphere. This leads to more numerous and/or larger MCSs with larger anvils. Mean surface precipitation was found to be overestimated and insensitive to the microphysical schemes employed in this study. In terms of the investigated properties, the performances of complex two-moment schemes were not superior to the simpler one-moment schemes, since explicit prediction of number concentration does not necessarily improve processes such as ice nucleation, the aggregation of ice crystals into snowflakes, and their sedimentation characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - PARAMETERIZATION
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Cloud parameterizations
KW  - Cloud resolving models
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Convective-scale processes
KW  - Mesoscale models
KW  - Parameterization
N1  - Accession Number: 86648760; Van Weverberg, K. 1,2 Vogelmann, A. M. 1 Lin, W. 1 Luke, E. P. 1 Cialella, A. 1 Minnis, P. 3 Khaiyer, M. 4 Boer, E. R. 5 Jensen, M. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: * Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York  2: Georges Lemaître Centre for Earth and Climate Research (TECLIM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  5: Entropy Control, Inc., La Jolla, California; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 70 Issue 4, p1104; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: PARAMETERIZATION; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud parameterizations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud resolving models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convective-scale processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesoscale models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parameterization; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 4 Charts, 14 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAS-D-12-0104.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86648760&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science - XX: Dale Cruikshank.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 48
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 700
EP  - 711
SN  - 10869379
AB  - - In this interview, Dale Cruikshank (Fig. 1) explains how as an undergraduate at Iowa State University he was a summer student at Yerkes Observatory where he assisted Gerard Kuiper in work on his Photographic Lunar Atlas. Upon completing his degree, Dale went to graduate school at the University of Arizona with Kuiper where he worked on the IR spectroscopy of the lunar surface. After an eventful 1968 trip to Moscow via Prague, during which the Soviets invaded Czechoslovakia, Dale assumed a postdoc position with Vasili Moroz at the Sternberg Astronomical Institute and more observational IR astronomy. Upon returning to the United States and after a year at Arizona, Dale assumed a position at the University of Hawai'i that he held for 17 years. During this period Dale worked with others on thermal infrared determinations of the albedos of small bodies beyond the asteroid Main Belt, leading to the recognition that low-albedo material is prevalent in the outer solar system that made the first report of complex organic solids on a planetary body (Saturn's satellite Iapetus). After moving to Ames Research Center, where he works currently, he continued this work and became involved in many outer solar system missions. Dale has served the community through his involvement in developing national policies for science-driven planetary exploration, being chair of the DPS 1990-1991 and secretary/treasurer for 1982-1985. He served as president of Commission 16 (Physics of Planets) of the IAU (2001-2003). He received the Kuiper prize in 2006. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES -- Analysis
KW  - PLANETARY meteorology
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - ASTEROIDS -- Figure
KW  - METEOROLOGISTS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - INTERVIEWS
KW  - YERKES National Primate Research Center
KW  - CRUIKSHANK, Dale -- Interviews
N1  - Accession Number: 86979692; SEARS, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 48 Issue 4, p700; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Analysis; Subject Term: PLANETARY meteorology; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS -- Figure; Subject Term: METEOROLOGISTS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: INTERVIEWS; Company/Entity: YERKES National Primate Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: CRUIKSHANK, Dale -- Interviews; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2012.01414.x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Miller, S. E.
AU  - Morris, P.
T1  - THE PREDICTION OF BROADBAND SHOCK-ASSOCIATED NOISE INCLUDING PROPAGATION EFFECTS.
JO  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
JF  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
Y1  - 2013/04//
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 108
EP  - 108
SN  - 00290974
AB  - An abstract of the article "The Prediction of Broadband Shock-Associated Noise Including Propagation Effects," by S. E. Miller and P. Morris is presented.
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - HELMHOLTZ equation
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 87523160; Miller, S. E. 1 Morris, P. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 2 N. Dryden St. MS 461, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Apr2013, p108; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: HELMHOLTZ equation; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Number of Pages: 1/3p; Document Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhou, Yang
AU  - Isheim, Dieter
AU  - Hsieh, Gillian
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Effects of ruthenium on phase separation in a model Ni–Al–Cr–Ru superalloy.
JO  - Philosophical Magazine
JF  - Philosophical Magazine
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 93
IS  - 10-12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1326
EP  - 1350
SN  - 14786435
AB  - The temporal evolution of a Ni–10.0Al–8.5Cr–2.0Ru (at.%) alloy aged at 1073 K was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom-probe tomography. The γ′(L12)-precipitate morphology is spheroidal through 256 h of ageing as a result of adding Ru, which decreases the lattice parameter misfit between the γ′(L12)- and γ(f.c.c.)-phases. The addition of Ru accelerates the compositional evolution of the γ′(L12)- and γ(f.c.c.)-phases, which achieve their equilibrium compositions after 0.25 h. Initially, Ru accelerates the partitioning of Ni and Cr to the γ(f.c.c.)-phase, and the partitioning of Al to the γ′(L12)-phase, but after 0.25 h, Ru, which partitions to the γ(f.c.c.)-phase, decreases the partitioning of Ni and increases the partitioning of Al and Cr. The temporal evolution of the average radius, ⟨R(t)⟩, number density, volume fraction of the γ′(L12)-precipitates, and the supersaturations of Ni, Al, Cr, and Ru in the γ(f.c.c.)- and γ′(L12)-phases are compared in detail with predictions of coarsening models and PrecipiCalc simulations. Based on a spline function fitting procedure of the concentration profiles between the γ′(L12)- and γ(f.c.c.)-phases, it is demonstrated that the temporal evolution of the normalized interfacial width,δ/⟨R(t)⟩ vs. ⟨R(t)⟩, of each element, decreases with increasing ageing time:δis the interfacial width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RUTHENIUM
KW  - PHASE separation
KW  - NICKEL-aluminum alloys
KW  - CHROMIUM alloys
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - atom-probe tomography
KW  - coarseniing kinetics
KW  - effects of Ru
KW  - Ni–Al–Cr–Ru alloy
KW  - transmission electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 87070550; Zhou, Yang 1,2 Isheim, Dieter 1,3 Hsieh, Gillian 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 4 Seidman, David N. 1,3; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering                  , Northwestern University               , 2220 Campus Drive,                Evanston               ,                60208               ,                IL               ,                USA  2: Surface Analysis Lab                  , Micron Technology Inc.               , 8000 South Federal Way,                Boise               ,                83707-0006               ,                ID               ,                USA  3: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), Materials Research Science and Engineering Center               , 2220 Campus Drive,                Evanston               ,                60208               ,                IL               ,                USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structure and Materials Division               , 21000 Brookpark Rd.,                Cleveland               ,                44135               ,                OH               ,                USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 93 Issue 10-12, p1326; Subject Term: RUTHENIUM; Subject Term: PHASE separation; Subject Term: NICKEL-aluminum alloys; Subject Term: CHROMIUM alloys; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: atom-probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: coarseniing kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: effects of Ru; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni–Al–Cr–Ru alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: transmission electron microscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14786435.2013.765989
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larsson, Richard
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Timescale for oceans in the past of Titan
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 78
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 24
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We estimate the past extent of liquid on the surface of Titan as a function of time assuming the current rate of destruction of methane and no sources or subsurface sinks. As methane increases for increasing past time the polar lakes expand equatorward. We use a spherical harmonics model for the surface topography to compute the fraction of the surface covered as the methane inventory increases. We find that substantial parts of the equator would have been flooded by a polar ocean 300 million years ago and that the equator would have been connected to a global ocean 600 million years ago. This provides one possible explanation for the fluvial features seen at the equator on Titan. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Surfaces
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SURFACE topography
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Methane ocean
KW  - Planetary evolution
KW  - Surface
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 86394681; Larsson, Richard 1; Email Address: ric.larsson@gmail.com McKay, Christopher P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Space Campus 1, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 78, p22; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Surfaces; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SURFACE topography; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2012.12.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blaber, Elizabeth A.
AU  - Dvorochkin, Natalya
AU  - Lee, Chialing
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Yousuf, Rukhsana
AU  - Pianetta, Piero
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Burns, Brendan P.
AU  - Almeida, Eduardo A. C.
T1  - Microgravity Induces Pelvic Bone Loss through Osteoclastic Activity, Osteocytic Osteolysis, and Osteoblastic Cell Cycle Inhibition by CDKN1a/p21.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Bone is a dynamically remodeled tissue that requires gravity-mediated mechanical stimulation for maintenance of mineral content and structure. Homeostasis in bone occurs through a balance in the activities and signaling of osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes, as well as proliferation and differentiation of their stem cell progenitors. Microgravity and unloading are known to cause osteoclast-mediated bone resorption; however, we hypothesize that osteocytic osteolysis, and cell cycle arrest during osteogenesis may also contribute to bone loss in space. To test this possibility, we exposed 16-week-old female C57BL/6J mice (n = 8) to microgravity for 15-days on the STS-131 space shuttle mission. Analysis of the pelvis by µCT shows decreases in bone volume fraction (BV/TV) of 6.29%, and bone thickness of 11.91%. TRAP-positive osteoclast-covered trabecular bone surfaces also increased in microgravity by 170% (p = 0.004), indicating osteoclastic bone degeneration. High-resolution X-ray nanoCT studies revealed signs of lacunar osteolysis, including increases in cross-sectional area (+17%, p = 0.022), perimeter (+14%, p = 0.008), and canalicular diameter (+6%, p = 0.037). Expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 3, and 10 in bone, as measured by RT-qPCR, was also up-regulated in microgravity (+12.94, +2.98 and +16.85 fold respectively, p<0.01), with MMP10 localized to osteocytes, and consistent with induction of osteocytic osteolysis. Furthermore, expression of CDKN1a/p21 in bone increased 3.31 fold (p<0.01), and was localized to osteoblasts, possibly inhibiting the cell cycle during tissue regeneration as well as conferring apoptosis resistance to these cells. Finally the apoptosis inducer Trp53 was down-regulated by −1.54 fold (p<0.01), possibly associated with the quiescent survival-promoting function of CDKN1a/p21. In conclusion, our findings identify the pelvic and femoral region of the mouse skeleton as an active site of rapid bone loss in microgravity, and indicate that this loss is not limited to osteoclastic degradation. Therefore, this study offers new evidence for microgravity-induced osteocytic osteolysis, and CDKN1a/p21-mediated osteogenic cell cycle arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - OSTEOCLASTS
KW  - BONE cells
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - CELL cycle
KW  - CYCLIN-dependent kinases
KW  - HOMEOSTASIS
KW  - CELL proliferation
KW  - CELL differentiation
KW  - Anatomy and physiology
KW  - Apoptotic signaling
KW  - Apoptotic signaling cascade
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biology
KW  - Bone
KW  - Bone and mineral metabolism
KW  - Cell growth
KW  - Genome expression analysis
KW  - Genomics
KW  - Histology
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Metabolism
KW  - Molecular cell biology
KW  - Musculoskeletal system
KW  - Physiogenomics
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Signal transduction
KW  - Signaling cascades
KW  - Signaling in cellular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 87678270; Blaber, Elizabeth A. 1,2; Email Address: e.almeida@nasa.gov Dvorochkin, Natalya 1 Lee, Chialing 1 Alwood, Joshua S. 1 Yousuf, Rukhsana 1 Pianetta, Piero 3 Globus, Ruth K. 1 Burns, Brendan P. 2 Almeida, Eduardo A. C. 1; Affiliation:  1: 1 Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  2: 2 School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia  3: 3 Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, United States of America; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: OSTEOCLASTS; Subject Term: BONE cells; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: CELL cycle; Subject Term: CYCLIN-dependent kinases; Subject Term: HOMEOSTASIS; Subject Term: CELL proliferation; Subject Term: CELL differentiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anatomy and physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apoptotic signaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Apoptotic signaling cascade; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone and mineral metabolism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genome expression analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genomics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Histology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metabolism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular cell biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Musculoskeletal system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physiogenomics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal transduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signaling cascades; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signaling in cellular processes; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0061372
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Wooseong
AU  - Tengra, Farah K.
AU  - Young, Zachary
AU  - Shong, Jasmine
AU  - Marchand, Nicholas
AU  - Chan, Hon Kit
AU  - Pangule, Ravindra C.
AU  - Parra, Macarena
AU  - Dordick, Jonathan S.
AU  - Plawsky, Joel L.
AU  - Collins, Cynthia H.
T1  - Spaceflight Promotes Biofilm Formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Understanding the effects of spaceflight on microbial communities is crucial for the success of long-term, manned space missions. Surface-associated bacterial communities, known as biofilms, were abundant on the Mir space station and continue to be a challenge on the International Space Station. The health and safety hazards linked to the development of biofilms are of particular concern due to the suppression of immune function observed during spaceflight. While planktonic cultures of microbes have indicated that spaceflight can lead to increases in growth and virulence, the effects of spaceflight on biofilm development and physiology remain unclear. To address this issue, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cultured during two Space Shuttle Atlantis missions: STS-132 and STS-135, and the biofilms formed during spaceflight were characterized. Spaceflight was observed to increase the number of viable cells, biofilm biomass, and thickness relative to normal gravity controls. Moreover, the biofilms formed during spaceflight exhibited a column-and-canopy structure that has not been observed on Earth. The increase in the amount of biofilms and the formation of the novel architecture during spaceflight were observed to be independent of carbon source and phosphate concentrations in the media. However, flagella-driven motility was shown to be essential for the formation of this biofilm architecture during spaceflight. These findings represent the first evidence that spaceflight affects community-level behaviors of bacteria and highlight the importance of understanding how both harmful and beneficial human-microbe interactions may be altered during spaceflight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa
KW  - BIOFILMS
KW  - HEALTH risk assessment
KW  - IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
KW  - BACTERIA -- Virulence
KW  - FLAGELLA (Microbiology)
KW  - GRAM-negative bacteria
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Astronomical sciences
KW  - Bacterial biofilms
KW  - Bacterial diseases
KW  - Bacterial pathogens
KW  - Bacteriology
KW  - Biology
KW  - Biophysics
KW  - Cell motility
KW  - Flagellar motility
KW  - Gram negative
KW  - Infectious diseases
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Pseudomonas infections
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 87679157; Kim, Wooseong 1,2 Tengra, Farah K. 1,2 Young, Zachary 1 Shong, Jasmine 1,2 Marchand, Nicholas 1,2 Chan, Hon Kit 1 Pangule, Ravindra C. 1,2 Parra, Macarena 3 Dordick, Jonathan S. 1,2 Plawsky, Joel L. 1 Collins, Cynthia H. 1,2; Email Address: ccollins@rpi.edu; Affiliation:  1: 1 Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America  2: 2 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States of America  3: 3 Lockheed Martin, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa; Subject Term: BIOFILMS; Subject Term: HEALTH risk assessment; Subject Term: IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; Subject Term: BACTERIA -- Virulence; Subject Term: FLAGELLA (Microbiology); Subject Term: GRAM-negative bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronomical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterial biofilms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterial diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterial pathogens; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteriology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell motility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flagellar motility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gram negative; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pseudomonas infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 923120 Administration of Public Health Programs; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0062437
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BUGOS, GLENN
T1  - Locomotive to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute and the Transportation Revolution.
JO  - Technology & Culture
JF  - Technology & Culture
Y1  - 2013/04//
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 414
EP  - 415
SN  - 0040165X
AB  - The article reviews the book "Locomotive to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute and the Transportation Revolution," by Simine Short.
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - SHORT, Simine
KW  - CHANUTE, Octave, 1832-1910
KW  - LOCOMOTIVE to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute & the Transportation Revolution (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 87435559; BUGOS, GLENN 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Founder, Moment LLC  2: Historian, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p414; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: LOCOMOTIVE to Aeromotive: Octave Chanute & the Transportation Revolution (Book); People: SHORT, Simine; People: CHANUTE, Octave, 1832-1910; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Á. Sánchez-Monge
AU  - Cesaroni, R.
AU  - Beltrán, M. T.
AU  - Kumar, M. S. N.
AU  - Stanke, T.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
AU  - Etoka, S.
AU  - Galli, D.
AU  - Hummel, C. A.
AU  - Moscadelli, L.
AU  - Preibisch, T.
AU  - Ratzka, T.
AU  - van der Tak, F. F. S.
AU  - Vig, S.
AU  - Walmsley, C. M.
AU  - Wang, K.-S.
T1  - A candidate circumbinary Keplerian disk in G35.20-0.74 N: A study with ALMA.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/04/02/
VL  - 552
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - L10
EP  - L14
SN  - 00046361
AB  - We report on ALMA observations of continuum and molecular line emission with 0."4 resolution towards the high-mass star-forming region G35.20-0.74 N. Two dense cores are detected in typical hot-core tracers (e.g., CH3CN) that reveal velocity gradients. In one of these cores, the velocity field can be fitted with an almost edge-on Keplerian disk rotating about a central mass of ~18 M⊙. This finding is consistent with the results of a recent study of the CO first overtone bandhead emission at 2.3 μm towards G35.20-0.74 N. The disk radius and mass are ≳2500 au and ~3 M⊙. To reconcile the observed bolometric luminosity (~3 × 104 L⊙) with the estimated stellar mass of 18 M⊙, we propose that the latter is the total mass of a binary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - ACETONITRILE
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - 4N
KW  - ISM: individual objects: G35.20-0.7
KW  - ISM: jets and outflows
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - ATACAMA Large Millimeter Array (Project)
N1  - Accession Number: 89750455; Á. Sánchez-Monge 1; Email Address: asanchez@arcetri.astro.it Cesaroni, R. 1 Beltrán, M. T. 1 Kumar, M. S. N. 2 Stanke, T. 3 Zinnecker, H. 4 Etoka, S. 5,6 Galli, D. 1 Hummel, C. A. 3 Moscadelli, L. 1 Preibisch, T. 7 Ratzka, T. 7 van der Tak, F. F. S. 8,9 Vig, S. 10 Walmsley, C. M. 1,11 Wang, K.-S. 12; Affiliation:  1: INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy  2: Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  3: ESO, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany  4: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK  6: Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany  7: Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany  8: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  9: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  10: Department of Earth and Space Science, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 547 Kerala, India  11: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland  12: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 552 Issue 2, pL10; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: ACETONITRILE; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Author-Supplied Keyword: 4N; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: G35.20-0.7; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: jets and outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Company/Entity: ATACAMA Large Millimeter Array (Project); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201321134
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89750455&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aguilar, M.
AU  - Alberti, G.
AU  - Alpat, B.
AU  - Alvino, A.
AU  - Ambrosi, G.
AU  - Andeen, K.
AU  - Anderhub, H.
AU  - Arruda, L.
AU  - Azzarello, P.
AU  - Bachlechner, A.
AU  - Barao, F.
AU  - Baret, B.
AU  - Barrau, A.
AU  - Barrin, L.
AU  - Bartoloni, A.
AU  - Basara, L.
AU  - Basili, A.
AU  - Batalha, L.
AU  - Bates, J.
AU  - Battiston, R.
T1  - First Result from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station: Precision Measurement of the Positron Fraction in Primary Cosmic Rays of 0.5-350 GeV.
JO  - Physical Review Letters
JF  - Physical Review Letters
Y1  - 2013/04/05/
VL  - 110
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 141102-1
EP  - 141102-10
SN  - 00319007
AB  - A precision measurement by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station of the positron fraction in primary cosmic rays in the energy range from 0.5 to 350 GeV based on 6.8×106 positron and electron events is presented. The very accurate data show that the positron fraction is steadily increasing from 10 to ~250 GeV, but, from 20 to 250 GeV, the slope decreases by an order of magnitude. The positron fraction spectrum shows no fine structure, and the positron to electron ratio shows no observable anisotropy. Together, these features show the existence of new physical phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review Letters is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALPHA magnetic spectrometers
KW  - POSITRONS
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 87313427; Aguilar, M. 1,2 Alberti, G. 3,4 Alpat, B. 3 Alvino, A. 3,4 Ambrosi, G. 3 Andeen, K. 5 Anderhub, H. 6 Arruda, L. 7 Azzarello, P. 3,8,9 Bachlechner, A. 10 Barao, F. 7 Baret, B. 11 Barrau, A. 11 Barrin, L. 2 Bartoloni, A. 12 Basara, L. 13 Basili, A. 14 Batalha, L. 7 Bates, J. 15 Battiston, R. 3,4,16; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas, CIEMAT, E-28040 Madrid, Spain  2: European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland  3: INFN-Sezione di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy  4: Università di Perugia, I-06100 Perugia, Italy  5: Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, D-76128 Karlsruhe, Germany  6: Institute for Particle Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland  7: Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, LIP, P-1000 Lisboa, Portugal  8: DPNC, Université de Genève, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland  9: ISDC, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland  10: I. Physikalisches Institut B, RWTH, D-52056 Aachen, Germany  11: Laboratoire de Physique subatomique et de cosmologie, LPSC, IN2P3/CNRS and Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble INP, F-38026 Grenoble, France  12: INFN-Sezione di Roma 1, I-00185 Roma, Italy  13: Laboratoire d’Annecy-Le-Vieux de Physique des Particules, LAPP, IN2P3/CNRS and Université de Savoie, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France  14: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA  15: NASA, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, JSC, and Jacobs-Sverdrup, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  16: INFN-TIFPA and Università di Trento, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy; Source Info: 4/5/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 14, p141102-1; Subject Term: ALPHA magnetic spectrometers; Subject Term: POSITRONS; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.141102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - AMMONS, S. MARK
AU  - ANGEL, ROGER
AU  - BELIKOV, RUSLAN
AU  - BENDEK, EDUARDO A.
AU  - EISNER, JOSH A.
AU  - GUYON, OLIVIER
AU  - LEVINE, MARIE
AU  - MARTINACHE, FRANTZ
AU  - MILSTER, THOMAS D.
AU  - NEMATI, BIJAN
AU  - PITMAN, JOE
AU  - SHAKLAN, STUART
AU  - SHAO, MICHAEL
AU  - WOODRUFF, ROBERT A.
AU  - WOOLF, NEVILLE J.
T1  - SIMULTANEOUS EXOPLANET CHARACTERIZATION AND DEEP WIDE-FIELD IMAGING WITH A DIFFRACTIVE PUPIL TELESCOPE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04/10/
VL  - 767
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - High-precision astrometry can identify exoplanets and measure their orbits and masseswhile coronagraphic imaging enables detailed characterization of their physical properties and atmospheric compositions through spectroscopy. In a previous paper, we showed that a diffractive pupil telescope (DPT) in space can enable sub-μas accuracy astrometric measurements from wide-field images by creating faint but sharp diffraction spikes around the bright target star. The DPT allows simultaneous astrometric measurement and coronagraphic imaging, and we discuss and quantify in this paper the scientific benefits of this combination for exoplanet science investigations: identification of exoplanets with increased sensitivity and robustness, and ability to measure planetary masses to high accuracy. We show how using both measurements to identify planets and measure their masses offers greater sensitivity and provides more reliable measurements than possible with separate missions, and therefore results in a large gain in mission efficiency. The combined measurements reliably identify potentially habitable planets in multiple systems with a few observations, while astrometry or imaging alone would require many measurements over a long time baseline. In addition, the combined measurement allows direct determination of stellar masses to percent-level accuracy, using planets as test particles. We also show that the DPT maintains the full sensitivity of the telescope for deep wide-field imaging, and is therefore compatible with simultaneous scientific observations unrelated to exoplanets.We conclude that astrometry, coronagraphy, and deep wide-field imaging can be performed simultaneously on a single telescope without significant negative impact on the performance of any of the three techniques [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - CELESTIAL cartographers
KW  - astrometry
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - techniques: high angular resolution
KW  - telescopes Online-only material: color figures
N1  - Accession Number: 90114293; AMMONS, S. MARK 1 ANGEL, ROGER 2 BELIKOV, RUSLAN 3 BENDEK, EDUARDO A. 4 EISNER, JOSH A. 2 GUYON, OLIVIER 2,5; Email Address: guyon@naoj.org LEVINE, MARIE 6 MARTINACHE, FRANTZ 5 MILSTER, THOMAS D. 4 NEMATI, BIJAN 6 PITMAN, JOE 7 SHAKLAN, STUART 6 SHAO, MICHAEL 6 WOODRUFF, ROBERT A. 8 WOOLF, NEVILLE J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Physics Division L-210, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA  2: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: Exploration Sciences, P.O. Box 24, Pine, CO 80470, USA  8: Lockheed Martin, 2081 Evergreen Avenue, Boulder, CO 80304, USA; Source Info: 4/10/2013, Vol. 767 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: CELESTIAL cartographers; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: high angular resolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: telescopes Online-only material: color figures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/11
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KAROFF, C.
AU  - CAMPANTE, T. L.
AU  - BALLOT, J.
AU  - KALLINGER, T.
AU  - GRUBERBAUER, M.
AU  - GARCÍA, R. A.
AU  - CALDWELL, D. A.
AU  - CHRISTIANSEN, J. L.
AU  - KINEMUCHI, K.
T1  - OBSERVATIONS OF INTENSITY FLUCTUATIONS ATTRIBUTED TO GRANULATION AND FACULAE ON SUN-LIKE STARS FROM THE KEPLER MISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04/10/
VL  - 767
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Sun-like stars show intensity fluctuations on a number of timescales due to various physical phenomena on their surfaces. These phenomena can convincingly be studied in the frequency spectra of these stars-while the strongest signatures usually originate from spots, granulation, and p-mode oscillations, it has also been suggested that the frequency spectrum of the Sun contains a signature of faculae. We have analyzed three stars observed for 13 months in short cadence (58.84 s sampling) by the Kepler mission. The frequency spectra of all three stars, as for the Sun, contain signatures that we can attribute to granulation, faculae, and p-mode oscillations. The temporal variability of the signatures attributed to granulation, faculae, and p-mode oscillations was analyzed and the analysis indicates a periodic variability in the granulation and faculae signatures—comparable to what is seen in the Sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - SUN
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - SOLAR granulation
KW  - stars: activity
KW  - stars: individual (KIC 6603624,KIC 6933899,KIC 11244118)
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - stars: solar-type
N1  - Accession Number: 90114316; KAROFF, C. 1; Email Address: karoff@phys.au.dk CAMPANTE, T. L. 2,3 BALLOT, J. 4,5 KALLINGER, T. 6,7 GRUBERBAUER, M. 8 GARCÍA, R. A. 9 CALDWELL, D. A. 10 CHRISTIANSEN, J. L. 10 KINEMUCHI, K. 11; Affiliation:  1: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  2: Centro de Astrofísica and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK  4: CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 14 avenue Édouard Belin, F-31400, Toulouse, France  5: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France  6: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K. U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  7: Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  8: Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, B3H 3C3 Halifax, Canada  9: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Universit Paris Diderot, IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Bay Area Environmental Research Inst./NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/10/2013, Vol. 767 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SOLAR granulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (KIC 6603624,KIC 6933899,KIC 11244118); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: solar-type; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/34
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KATARIA, T.
AU  - SHOWMAN, A. P.
AU  - LEWIS, N. K.
AU  - FORTNEY, J. J.
AU  - MARLEY, M. S.
AU  - FREEDMAN, R. S.
T1  - THREE-DIMENSIONAL ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION OF HOT JUPITERS ON HIGHLY ECCENTRIC ORBITS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04/10/
VL  - 767
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Of the over 800 exoplanets detected to date, over half are on non-circular orbits, with eccentricities as high as 0.93. Such orbits lead to time-variable stellar heating, which has major implications for the planet's atmospheric dynamical regime. However, little is known about the fundamental dynamical regime of such planetary atmospheres, and how it may influence the observations of these planets. Therefore, we present a systematic study of hot Jupiters on highly eccentric orbits using the SPARC/MITgcm, a model which couples a three-dimensional general circulation model (the MITgcm) with a plane-parallel, two-stream, non-gray radiative transfer model. In our study, we vary the eccentricity and orbit-average stellar flux over a wide range. We demonstrate that the eccentric hot Jupiter regime is qualitatively similar to that of planets on circular orbits; the planets possess a superrotating equatorial jet and exhibit large day-night temperature variations. As in Showman & Polvani, we show that the day-night heating variations induce momentum fluxes equatorward to maintain the superrotating jet throughout its orbit.We find that as the eccentricity and/or stellar flux is increased (corresponding to shorter orbital periods), the superrotating jet strengthens and narrows, due to a smaller Rossby deformation radius. For a select number of model integrations, we generate full-orbit light curves and find that the timing of transit and secondary eclipse viewed from Earth with respect to periapse and apoapse can greatly affect what we see in infrared (IR) light curves; the peak in IR flux can lead or lag secondary eclipse depending on the geometry. For those planets that have large temperature differences from dayside to nightside and rapid rotation rates, we find that the light curves can exhibit "ringing" as the planet's hottest region rotates in and out of view from Earth. These results can be used to explain future observations of eccentric transiting exoplanets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - atmospheric effects
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: general
N1  - Accession Number: 90114358; KATARIA, T. 1; Email Address: tkataria@lpl.arizona.edu SHOWMAN, A. P. 1 LEWIS, N. K. 1,2 FORTNEY, J. J. 3 MARLEY, M. S. 4 FREEDMAN, R. S. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  3: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave. 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 4/10/2013, Vol. 767 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: general; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/76
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ROETTENBACHER, RACHAEL M.
AU  - MONNIER, JOHN D.
AU  - HARMON, ROBERT O.
AU  - BARCLAY, THOMAS
AU  - STILL, MARTIN
T1  - IMAGING STARSPOT EVOLUTION ON KEPLER TARGET KIC 5110407 USING LIGHT-CURVE INVERSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04/10/
VL  - 767
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Kepler target KIC 5110407, a K-type star, shows strong quasi-periodic light curve fluctuations likely arising from the formation and decay of spots on the stellar surface rotating with a period of 3.4693 days. Using an established light-curve inversion algorithm, we study the evolution of the surface features based on Kepler space telescope light curves over a period of two years (with a gap of .25 years). At virtually all epochs, we detect at least one large spot group on the surface causing a 1%-10% flux modulation in the Kepler passband. By identifying and tracking spot groups over a range of inferred latitudes, we measured the surface differential rotation to be much smaller than that found for the Sun. We also searched for a correlation between the 17 stellar flares that occurred during our observations and the orientation of the dominant surface spot at the time of each flare. No statistically significant correlation was found except perhaps for the very brightest flares, suggesting that most flares are associated with regions devoid of spots or spots too small to be clearly discerned using our reconstruction technique. While we may see hints of long-term changes in the spot characteristics and flare statistics within our current data set, a longer baseline of observation will be needed to detect the existence of a magnetic cycle in KIC 5110407. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARSPOTS
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - STARS -- Magnetic fields
KW  - stars: activity
KW  - stars: imaging
KW  - stars: variables: general
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90114342; ROETTENBACHER, RACHAEL M. 1; Email Address: rmroett@umich.edu MONNIER, JOHN D. 1 HARMON, ROBERT O. 2 BARCLAY, THOMAS 3,4 STILL, MARTIN 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, OH 43015, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: 4/10/2013, Vol. 767 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: STARS -- Magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: general; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/60
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - YICHEN ZHANG
AU  - TAN, JONATHAN C.
AU  - DE BUIZER, JAMES M.
AU  - SANDELL, GÖRAN
AU  - BELTRAN, MARIA T.
AU  - CHURCHWELL, ED
AU  - MCKEE, CHRISTOPHER F.
AU  - SHUPING, RALPH
AU  - STAFF, JAN E.
AU  - TELESCO, CHARLES
AU  - WHITNEY, BARBARA
T1  - A MASSIVE PROTOSTAR FORMING BY ORDERED COLLAPSE OF A DENSE, MASSIVE CORE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04/10/
VL  - 767
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present 30 and 40μmimaging of themassive protostar G35.20-0.74 with SOFIA-FORCAST. The high surface density of the natal core around the protostar leads to high extinction, even at these relatively long wavelengths, causing the observed flux to be dominated by that emerging from the near-facing outflow cavity. However, emission from the far-facing cavity is still clearly detected. We combine these results with fluxes from the near-infrared to mm to construct a spectral energy distribution (SED). For isotropic emission the bolometric luminosity would be 3.3 × 104 L☉. We perform radiative transfer modeling of a protostar forming by ordered, symmetric collapse from a massive core bounded by a clump with high-mass surface density, Σcl. To fit the SED requires protostellar masses ~20-34M☉ depending on the outflow cavity opening angle (35°-50°), and Σcl ~ 0.4-1 g cm-2. After accounting for the foreground extinction and the flashlight effect, the true bolometric luminosity is ~(0.7-2.2) × 105 L☉. One of these models also has excellent agreement with the observed intensity profiles along the outflow axis at 10, 18, 31, and 37μm. Overall our results support a model of massive star formation involving the relatively ordered, symmetric collapse of a massive, dense core and the launching bipolar outflows that clear low-density cavities. Thus a unified model may apply for the formation of both low- and high-mass stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOSTARS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - BOLOMETERS
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - stars: formation
N1  - Accession Number: 90114340; YICHEN ZHANG 1; Email Address: yc.zhang@astro.ufl.edu TAN, JONATHAN C. 1,2 DE BUIZER, JAMES M. 3 SANDELL, GÖRAN 3 BELTRAN, MARIA T. 4 CHURCHWELL, ED 5 MCKEE, CHRISTOPHER F. 6,7 SHUPING, RALPH 3 STAFF, JAN E. 8 TELESCO, CHARLES 1 WHITNEY, BARBARA 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  3: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Building N232, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, Firenze I-50125, Italy  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA  6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  7: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA; Source Info: 4/10/2013, Vol. 767 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: BOLOMETERS; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/58
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Noh, Young Min
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Lee, Hanlim
AU  - Choi, Tae Jin
T1  - Influence of biogenic pollen on optical properties of atmospheric aerosols observed by lidar over Gwangju, South Korea
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2013/04/11/
VL  - 69
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
EP  - 147
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: For the first time, optical properties of biogenic pollen, i.e., backscatter coefficients and depolarization ratios at 532 nm were retrieved by lidar observations. The extinction coefficient was derived with the assumption of possible values of the extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratio. We investigate the effect of the pollen on the optical properties of the observed atmospheric aerosols by comparing lidar and sun/sky radiometer measurements carried out at the lidar site. The observations were made with a depolarization lidar at the Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST) in Gwangju, Korea (35.13°N, 126.50°E) during an intensive observational period that lasted from 5 to 7 May 2009. The pollen concentration was measured with a Burkard trap sampler at the roof top of the Gwangju Bohoon hospital which is located 1 km away from the lidar site. During the observation period, high pollen concentrations of 1360, 2696, and 1952 m−3 day−1 were measured on 5, 6, and 7 May, respectively. A high lidar depolarization ratio caused by biogenic pollen was only detected during daytime within the planetary boundary layer which was at 1.5–2.0 km height above ground during the observational period. The contribution of biogenic pollen to the total backscatter coefficient was estimated from the particle depolarization ratio. Average hourly values of pollen optical depth were retrieved by integrating the pollen extinction coefficients. We find average values of 0.062 ± 0.037, 0.041 ± 0.028 and 0.067 ± 0.036 at 532 nm on 5, 6, and 7 May, respectively. The contribution of pollen optical depth to total aerosol optical depth was 2–34%. The sun/sky radiometer data show that biogenic pollen can affect optical properties of atmospheric aerosol by increasing aerosol optical depth and decreasing the Ångström exponent during daytime during the season of high pollen emission. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Optical properties
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - KWANGJU-si (Korea)
KW  - KOREA (South)
KW  - Ångström exponent
KW  - Depolarization ratio
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Optical depth
KW  - Pollen
N1  - Accession Number: 85617016; Noh, Young Min 1 Müller, Detlef 1,2,3; Email Address: detlef@tropos.de Lee, Hanlim 4 Choi, Tae Jin 5; Affiliation:  1: School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology (GIST), Republic of Korea  2: NASA Langley Research Center, VA, USA  3: Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, Germany  4: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Republic of Korea  5: Department of Polar Climate Research, Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), Republic of Korea; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 69, p139; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Optical properties; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: KWANGJU-si (Korea); Subject Term: KOREA (South); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ångström exponent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Depolarization ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pollen; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Szabados, L.
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Kiss, L. L.
AU  - Kovács, J.
AU  - Anderson, R. I.
AU  - Kiss, Cs.
AU  - Szalai, T.
AU  - Székely, P.
AU  - Christiansen, J. L.
T1  - Discovery of the spectroscopic binary nature of six southern Cepheids.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/04/11/
VL  - 430
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2018
EP  - 2028
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the analysis of photometric and spectroscopic data of six bright Galactic Cepheids: GH Carinae, V419 Centauri, V898 Centauri, AD Puppis, AY Sagittarii and ST Velorum. Based on new radial velocity data (in some cases supplemented with earlier data available in the literature), these Cepheids have been found to be members in spectroscopic binary systems. V898 Cen turned out to have one of the largest orbital radial velocity amplitude (>40 km s−1) among the known binary Cepheids. The data are insufficient to determine the orbital periods nor other orbital elements for these new spectroscopic binaries.These discoveries corroborate the statement on the high frequency of occurrence of binaries among the classical Cepheids, a fact to be taken into account when calibrating the period–luminosity relationship for Cepheids.We have also compiled all available photometric data that revealed that the pulsation period of AD Pup, the longest period Cepheid in this sample, is continuously increasing with ΔP = 0.004567d century−1, likely to be caused by stellar evolution. The wave-like pattern superimposed on the parabolic O − C graph of AD Pup may well be caused by the light-time effect in the binary system. ST Vel also pulsates with a continuously increasing period. The other four Cepheids are characterized with stable pulsation periods in the last half century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - BINARY system (Mathematics)
KW  - CEPHEIDS
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - PULSATION (Electronics)
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic
KW  - stars: variables: Cepheids
N1  - Accession Number: 100506317; Szabados, L. 1 Derekas, A. 1,2 Kiss, L. L. 1,2,3 Kovács, J. 3 Anderson, R. I. 4 Kiss, Cs. 1 Szalai, T. 5 Székely, P. 6 Christiansen, J. L. 7; Affiliation:  1: Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  2: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  3: ELTE Gothard-Lendület Research Group, Szent Imre herceg út 112, H-9700 Szombathely, Hungary  4: Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, 51 Ch. des Maillettes, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland  5: Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary  6: Department of Experimental Physics, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary  7: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 430 Issue 3, p2018; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: BINARY system (Mathematics); Subject Term: CEPHEIDS; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: PULSATION (Electronics); Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: spectroscopic; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: Cepheids; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 18 Charts, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corsaro, E.
AU  - Fröhlich, H.-E.
AU  - Bonanno, A.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Benomar, O.
AU  - De Ridder, J.
AU  - Stello, D.
T1  - A Bayesian approach to scaling relations for amplitudes of solar-like oscillations in Kepler stars.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/04/11/
VL  - 430
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2313
EP  - 2326
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We investigate different amplitude scaling relations adopted for the asteroseismology of stars that show solar-like oscillations. Amplitudes are among the most challenging asteroseismic quantities to handle because of the large uncertainties that arise in measuring the background level in the star's power spectrum. We present results computed by means of a Bayesian inference on a sample of 1640 stars observed with Kepler, spanning from main sequence to red giant stars, for 12 models used for amplitude predictions and exploiting recently well-calibrated effective temperatures from Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry. We test the candidate amplitude scaling relations by means of a Bayesian model comparison. We find the model having a separate dependence upon the mass of the stars to be largely the most favoured one. The differences among models and the differences seen in their free parameters from early to late phases of stellar evolution are also highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMPLITUDE estimation
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - KEPLER problem
KW  - GIANT stars
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - stars: evolution
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - stars: oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 100506301; Corsaro, E. 1,2,3 Fröhlich, H.-E. 4 Bonanno, A. 2 Huber, D. 5 Bedding, T. R. 6,7 Benomar, O. 6,7 De Ridder, J. 3 Stello, D. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Astrophysics Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  2: INAF – Astrophysical Observatory of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany  5: NASA–Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  7: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 430 Issue 3, p2313; Subject Term: AMPLITUDE estimation; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: KEPLER problem; Subject Term: GIANT stars; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 11 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Connerney, Jack
T1  - Solar system: Saturn's ring rain.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2013/04/11/
VL  - 496
IS  - 7444
M3  - Article
SP  - 178
EP  - 179
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article focuses on the role of Saturn's rings evolution which has a significance of the Solar System formation. Researchers O'Donoghue and colleagues observes the mechanism of electromagnetic erosion which conveys ring mass and disposes it in the upper atmosphere of Saturn. It states that the features of the ring can be justified by the dynamics of a collisional particles in an orbit that behaves similar to a dense gas, in which it is characterized by pressure, temperature and viscosity.
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC forces
KW  - ARTIFICIAL atmospheres (Space environment)
KW  - GASES
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - TEMPERATURE
N1  - Accession Number: 86898070; Connerney, Jack 1; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Magnetospheres Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Code 695, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.; Source Info: 4/11/2013, Vol. 496 Issue 7444, p178; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC forces; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL atmospheres (Space environment); Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/496178a
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
T1  - On the calculation of the vibrational frequencies of C6H4.
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/04/12/
VL  - 566
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Abstract: DFT and CCSD(T) frequencies are compared with experiment for ortho-benzyne (C6H4). Four bands are found to be in disagreement with experiment at the DFT level. Surprisingly the CCSD(T) method only brings the triple bond stretch into agreement with experiment, but leaves a sizable difference with experiment for the other three bands. The results for three isotopologues suggests that all of the differences cannot be attributed to resonances. Additional experimental work on ortho-benzyne appears warranted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENZYNE
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - TRIPLE bonds (Chemistry)
KW  - ISOTOPOLOGUES
KW  - MESOMERISM
N1  - Accession Number: 89159540; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Ricca, Alessandra 2; Email Address: Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernado Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 566, p1; Subject Term: BENZYNE; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: TRIPLE bonds (Chemistry); Subject Term: ISOTOPOLOGUES; Subject Term: MESOMERISM; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.02.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arzeno, Natalia M.
AU  - Stenger, Michael B.
AU  - Lee, Stuart M. C.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Platts, Steven H.
T1  - Sex differences in blood pressure control during 6° head-down tilt bed rest.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology
Y1  - 2013/04/15/
VL  - 304
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - H1114
EP  - H1123
SN  - 03636135
AB  - Spaceflight-induced orthostatic intolerance has been studied for decades. Although ~22% of the astronaut corps are women, most mechanistic studies use mostly male subjects, despite known sex differences in autonomic control and postflight orthostatic intolerance. We studied adrenergic, baroreflex, and autonomic indexes during continuous infusions of vasoactive drugs in men and women during a 60-day head-down bed rest. Volunteers were tested before bed rest (20 men and 10 women) and around day 30 (20 men and 10 women) and day 60 (16 men and 8 women) of bed rest. Three increasing doses of phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside were infused for 10 min after an infusion of normal saline. A 20-min rest period separated the phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside infusions. Autonomic activity was approximated by spectral indexes of heart rate and blood pressure variability, and baroreflex sensitivity was measured by the spontaneous baroreflex slope. Parasympathetic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity decreased with bed rest, with women experiencing a larger decrease in baroreflex sensitivity by day 30 than men. The sympathetic activation of men and parasympathetic responsiveness of women in blood pressure control during physiological stress were preserved throughout bed rest. During PE infusions, women experienced saturation of the R-R interval at high frequency, whereas men did not, revealing a sex difference in the parabolic relationship between high-frequency R-R interval, a measurement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, and R-R interval. These sex differences in blood pressure control during simulated microgravity reveal the need to study sex differences in long-duration spaceflight to ensure the health and safety of the entire astronaut corps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Heart & Circulatory Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLOOD pressure
KW  - HEAD-down tilt position
KW  - ORTHOSTATIC hypotension
KW  - PHENYLEPHRINE (Drug)
KW  - HEART beat
KW  - BAROREFLEXES
KW  - autonomic control
KW  - baroreflex sensitivity
KW  - heart rate variability
KW  - microgravity
KW  - spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 93437718; Arzeno, Natalia M. 1 Stenger, Michael B. 1; Email Address: michael.b.stenger@nasa.gov Lee, Stuart M. C. 1 Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 2 Platts, Steven H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas  2: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 304 Issue 8, pH1114; Subject Term: BLOOD pressure; Subject Term: HEAD-down tilt position; Subject Term: ORTHOSTATIC hypotension; Subject Term: PHENYLEPHRINE (Drug); Subject Term: HEART beat; Subject Term: BAROREFLEXES; Author-Supplied Keyword: autonomic control; Author-Supplied Keyword: baroreflex sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: heart rate variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajpheart.00391.2012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rand, Emily
AU  - Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan
AU  - Tanaka, Zuki
AU  - Zhang, David A.
AU  - Marsh, Michael P.
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
AU  - Lee, Kendall H.
AU  - Chen, Bin
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
T1  - A carbon nanofiber based biosensor for simultaneous detection of dopamine and serotonin in the presence of ascorbicacid
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2013/04/15/
VL  - 42
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 438
SN  - 09565663
AB  - Abstract: A biosensor based on an array of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (CNFs) grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition is found to be effective for the simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the presence of excess ascorbic acid (AA). The CNF electrode outperforms the conventional glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for both selectivity and sensitivity. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), three distinct peaks are seen for the CNF electrode at 0.13V, 0.45V, and 0.70V for the ternary mixture of AA, DA, and 5-HT. In contrast, the analytes are indistinguishable in a mixture using a GCE. For the CNF electrode, the detection limits are 50nM for DA and 250nM for 5-HT. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - DOPAMINE
KW  - SEROTONIN
KW  - VITAMIN C
KW  - BLOOD plasma
KW  - Biosensor
KW  - Carbon nanofiber
KW  - Dopamine
KW  - Nanoelectrode array
KW  - Serotonin
N1  - Accession Number: 85614168; Rand, Emily 1 Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan 1 Tanaka, Zuki 2 Zhang, David A. 1 Marsh, Michael P. 3 Andrews, Russell J. 1 Lee, Kendall H. 3,4 Chen, Bin 1,2 Meyyappan, M. 1 Koehne, Jessica E. 1; Email Address: Jessica.E.Koehne@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  3: Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States  4: Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 42, p434; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: DOPAMINE; Subject Term: SEROTONIN; Subject Term: VITAMIN C; Subject Term: BLOOD plasma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanofiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dopamine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoelectrode array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Serotonin; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bios.2012.10.080
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DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ishikawa, Sascha T.
AU  - Gulick, Virginia C.
T1  - An automated mineral classifier using Raman spectra
JO  - Computers & Geosciences
JF  - Computers & Geosciences
Y1  - 2013/04/15/
VL  - 54
M3  - Article
SP  - 259
EP  - 268
SN  - 00983004
AB  - Abstract: We present a robust and autonomous mineral classifier for analyzing igneous rocks. Our study shows that machine learning methods, specifically artificial neural networks, can be trained using spectral data acquired by in situ Raman spectroscopy in order to accurately distinguish among key minerals for characterizing the composition of igneous rocks. These minerals include olivine, quartz, plagioclase, potassium feldspar, mica, and several pyroxenes. On average, our classifier performed with 83 percent accuracy. Quartz and olivine, as well as the pyroxenes, were classified with 100 percent accuracy. In addition to using traditional features such as the location of spectral bands and their shapes, our automated mineral classifier was able to incorporate fluorescence patterns, which are not as easily perceived by humans, into its classification scheme. The latter was able to improve the classification accuracy and is an example of the robustness of our classifier. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Geosciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - IGNEOUS rocks
KW  - MACHINE learning
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - POTASSIUM
KW  - MICA
KW  - Igneous rocks
KW  - Machine learning
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mineral classification
KW  - Raman spectroscopy
KW  - Robotic exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 86468319; Ishikawa, Sascha T. 1,2; Email Address: Sascha.T.Ishikawa@nasa.gov Gulick, Virginia C. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 54, p259; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: IGNEOUS rocks; Subject Term: MACHINE learning; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: POTASSIUM; Subject Term: MICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Igneous rocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Machine learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineral classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotic exploration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cageo.2013.01.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Derkowski, Arkadiusz
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Wampler, J.M.
AU  - Środoń, Jan
AU  - Marynowski, Leszek
AU  - Elliott, W. Crawford
AU  - Chamberlain, C. Page
T1  - Hydrothermal alteration of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorges area (South China)
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013/04/15/
VL  - 107
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 298
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The geochemical and fossil record preserved in the Ediacaran age (635–551Ma) Doushantuo Formation of South China has been extensively examined to explore the impact of changing climate and the oxidation state of the oceans on the development and distribution of early multicellular life. In the Yangtze Gorges area, this formation shows many of the geochemical trends and features thought to typify global ocean chemistry in the Ediacaran Period, but there are indications that post-sedimentary processes modified these signals. This study of clay minerals and organic matter builds a more detailed picture of the type and degree of post-sedimentary alteration at different stratigraphic levels of the formation and focuses on how this alteration influenced stable carbon and oxygen isotope records. In the cratonward Jiulongwan and Huajipo sections of the Doushantuo Formation, its lower part (Members 1 and 2) consists largely of dolomitic shale, rich in authigenic saponite that crystallized in an alkaline sedimentary basin. Saponite has been altered to chlorite via corrensite across tens of meters of strata in lower Member 2, with increased alteration downward toward the cap dolostone. The greater chloritization is accompanied by lower δ18O and higher δD values of trioctahedral clays. This pattern of alteration of trioctahedral clays is likely due to hydrothermal fluid activity in the underlying, relatively permeable Nantuo Formation and cap dolostone. A concomitant increase of solid bitumen reflectance toward the base of the formation supports this idea. In the uppermost part of the formation in the Yangtze Gorges area (Member 4), a typical open water marine dolomitic shale rich in illite and organic matter, increases in the methylphenanthrenes ratio index and solid bitumen reflectance correlate with decrease of the bulk rock K/Al ratio upward, providing evidence for hot fluid migration above the nearly impermeable shale. Clay from the upper part of the formation is enriched in 18O, but not in D, relative to clay from the lower parts, indicating progressive 18O-enrichment of hydrothermal fluids that percolated upward and laterally through permeable 18O-rich carbonates. A maximum hydrothermal-alteration temperature of ∼200°C is estimated from a calibration curve for illitization during burial diagenesis, but given that the hydrothermal activity probably occurred in short pulses, the temperature could have been much higher. K–Ar ages are consistent across different size fractions of fine illite from Member 4 shale (∼430Ma) and from a K-bentonite bed near the base of Member 2 in the Jiuqunao section (∼325Ma), ∼25km from Jiulongwan and Huajipo. These age values show that the diagenetic illite of the Doushantuo Formation is a product of either deep burial diagenesis overprinted by spatially limited hydrothermal activity or of two localized hydrothermal events. Patterns of carbonate 13C and 18O depletion in the basal Doushantuo Formation are similar to chloritization trends and 18O variation in diagenetic clay minerals. Given independent evidence for 13C depletion of hydrothermal fluids, these trends indicate carbonate–fluid isotope exchange commensurate with the degree of post-sedimentary alteration, supporting a model of lithologically controlled differential diagenesis induced by hydrothermal fluids as the main control on C and O isotope variability in this stratigraphic interval. This model could potentially explain other notable δ13C excursions higher up in Member 3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROTHERMAL alteration
KW  - EDIACARAN fossils
KW  - FORMATIONS (Geology)
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - YANGTZE River Gorges (China)
KW  - CHINA
N1  - Accession Number: 85904187; Derkowski, Arkadiusz 1; Email Address: ndderkow@cyf-kr.edu.pl Bristow, Thomas F. 2 Wampler, J.M. 3 Środoń, Jan 1 Marynowski, Leszek 4 Elliott, W. Crawford 3 Chamberlain, C. Page 5; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Centre in Krakow, Senacka 1, PL-31002 Krakow, Poland  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-4105, USA  4: Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzinska 60, PL-41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland  5: Department of Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 107, p279; Subject Term: HYDROTHERMAL alteration; Subject Term: EDIACARAN fossils; Subject Term: FORMATIONS (Geology); Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: YANGTZE River Gorges (China); Subject Term: CHINA; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2013.01.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.J.
AU  - Lerch, B.A.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Bigelow, G.S.
AU  - An, K.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - Temperature-dependent behavior of a polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloy around the transformation regime
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/04/15/
VL  - 68
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 571
EP  - 574
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The mechanical and microstructural behavior of a polycrystalline Ni49.9Ti50.1 (at.%) shape memory alloy was investigated as a function of temperature around the transformation regime. The bulk macroscopic responses, measured using ex situ tensile deformation and impulse excitation tests, were compared to the microstructural evolution captured using in situ neutron diffraction. The onset stress for inelastic deformation and dynamic Young’s modulus were found to decrease with temperature in the martensite regime followed by an increase starting near the austenite start temperature, attributed to the reverse transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on alloys
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Dynamic modulus
KW  - Martensite reorientation
KW  - Neutron diffraction
KW  - NiTi
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 85615833; Benafan, O. 1; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Noebe, R.D. 1 Padula, S.A. 1 Gaydosh, D.J. 1,2 Lerch, B.A. 1 Garg, A. 1,3 Bigelow, G.S. 1 An, K. 4 Vaidyanathan, R. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  4: Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA  5: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 68 Issue 8, p571; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on alloys; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic modulus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensite reorientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2012.11.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan
AU  - Gandhiraman, Ram P.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
T1  - Label-Free Detection of Cardiac Troponin-I Using Carbon Nanofiber Based Nanoelectrode Arrays.
JO  - Analytical Chemistry
JF  - Analytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2013/04/16/
VL  - 85
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3858
EP  - 3863
SN  - 00032700
AB  - A label-free biosensor is presented using carbon nanofiber (CNF) nanoelectrode arrays for the detection of cardiac troponin-I in the early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Immobilization of anti-cTnI Ab on CNFs and the detection of human-cTnI were examined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Each step of the modification process was monitored, and the results show changes in electrical capacitance or resistance to charge transfer due to the specificity of corresponding adsorption of Ab-Ag interaction. The immunosensor demonstrates a good selectivity and high sensitivity against human-cTnI analytes and is capable of detecting cTnI at concentrations as low as ~0.2 ng/mL, which is 25 times lower than that possible by conventional methods. Analysis of the electrode at various stages using atomic force microscopy and X-ray reflectivity provides information on the surface roughness and orientation of the antibody. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Analytical Chemistry is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPONIN I
KW  - HEART proteins
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - BIOSENSORS -- Design & construction
KW  - MYOCARDIAL infarction
KW  - DIAGNOSIS
KW  - IMPEDANCE spectroscopy
KW  - CYCLIC voltammetry
KW  - CARBON electrodes
N1  - Accession Number: 87644595; Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan 1 Gandhiraman, Ram P. 1 Meyyappan, M. 1 Koehne, Jessica E. 1; Email Address: jessica.e.koehne@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Source Info: 4/16/2013, Vol. 85 Issue 8, p3858; Subject Term: TROPONIN I; Subject Term: HEART proteins; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS -- Design & construction; Subject Term: MYOCARDIAL infarction; Subject Term: DIAGNOSIS; Subject Term: IMPEDANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: CYCLIC voltammetry; Subject Term: CARBON electrodes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/ac302801z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HEINZE, AREN N.
AU  - METCHEW, STANIMIR
AU  - APAI, DANIEL
AU  - FLATEAU, DAVIN
AU  - KURTEV, RADOSTIN
AU  - MARLEY, MARK
AU  - RADIGAN, JACQUELINE
AU  - BURGASSER, ADAM J.
AU  - ARTIGAU, ÉTIENNE
AU  - PLAVCHAN, PETER
T1  - WEATHER ON OTHER WORLDS. I. DETECTION OF PERIODIC VARIABILITY IN THE L3 DWARF DENIS-P J1058.7-1548 WITH PRECISE MULTI-WAVELENGTH PHOTOMETRY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04/20/
VL  - 767
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Photometric monitoring from warm Spitzer reveals that the L3 dwarf DENIS-P J1058.7-1548 varies sinusoidally in brightness with a period of 4.25+0.26-0.16 hr and an amplitude of 0.388% ±0.043% (peak-to-valley) in the 3.6μm band, confirming the reality of a 4.31 ± 0.31 hr periodicity detected in J-band photometry from the SOAR telescope. The J-band variations are a factor of 2.17 ± 0.35 larger in amplitude than those at 3.6μm, while 4.5μm Spitzer observations yield a 4.5μm/3.6μm amplitude ratio of only 0.23 ± 0.15, consistent with zero 4.5μm variability. This wide range in amplitudes indicates rotationally modulated variability due to magnetic phenomena and/or inhomogeneous cloud cover. Weak Hα emission indicates some magnetic activity, but it is difficult to explain the observed amplitudes by magnetic phenomena unless they are combined with cloud inhomogeneities (which might have a magnetic cause). However, inhomogeneous cloud cover alone can explain all our observations, and our data align with theory in requiring that the regions with the thickest clouds also have the lowest effective temperature. Combined with published v sin(i) results, our rotation period yields a 95% confidence lower limit of R" ⩾ 0.111R☉, suggesting upper limits of 320 Myr and 0.055 M☉ on the age and mass. These limits should be regarded cautiously because of ~3σ inconsistencies with other data; however, a lower limit of 45° on the inclination is more secure. DENIS-P J1058.7-1548 is only the first of nearly two dozen low-amplitude variables discovered and analyzed by the Weather on Other Worlds project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photography
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - stars: individual (DENIS-P J1058.7-1548)
KW  - stars: low-mass
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars: variables: general
KW  - starspots
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 90152580; HEINZE, AREN N. 1; Email Address: aren.heinze@stonybrook.edu METCHEW, STANIMIR 1; Email Address: stanimir.metchev@stonybrook.edu APAI, DANIEL 2,3 FLATEAU, DAVIN 2,3 KURTEV, RADOSTIN 4 MARLEY, MARK 5 RADIGAN, JACQUELINE 6 BURGASSER, ADAM J. 7 ARTIGAU, ÉTIENNE 8 PLAVCHAN, PETER 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA  2: University of Arizona Department of Astronomy, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: University of Arizona Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Departamento de Fisica y Astronomia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaiso, Av. Gran Bretana 1111, Casilla 5030, Valparaiso, Chile  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada  7: University of California San Diego, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  8: Département de Physique and Observatoire du Mont Mégantic, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada  9: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, M/C 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2013, Vol. 767 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photography; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (DENIS-P J1058.7-1548); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: starspots; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/173
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HUBER, DANIEL
AU  - CHAPLIN, WILLIAM J.
AU  - CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, JØRGEN
AU  - GILLILAND, RONALD L.
AU  - KJELDSEN, HANS
AU  - BUCHHAVE, LARS A.
AU  - FISCHER, DEBRA A.
AU  - LISSAUER, JACK J.
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - SANCHIS-OJEDA, ROBERTO
AU  - BASU, SARBANI
AU  - HANDBERG, RASMUS
AU  - HEKKER, SASKIA
AU  - HOWARD, ANDREW W.
AU  - ISAACSON, HOWARD
AU  - KAROFF, CHRISTOFFER
AU  - LATHAM, DAVID W.
AU  - LUND, MIKKEL N.
AU  - LUNDKVIST, MIA
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
T1  - FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF KEPLER PLANET-CANDIDATE HOST STARS USING ASTEROSEISMOLOGY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04/20/
VL  - 767
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have used asteroseismology to determine fundamental properties for 66 Kepler planet-candidate host stars, with typical uncertainties of 3% and 7% in radius and mass, respectively. The results include new asteroseismic solutions for four host stars with confirmed planets (Kepler-4, Kepler-14, Kepler-23 and Kepler-25) and increase the total number of Kepler host stars with asteroseismic solutions to 77. A comparison with stellar properties in the planet-candidate catalog by Batalha et al. shows that radii for subgiants and giants obtained from spectroscopic follow-up are systematically too low by up to a factor of 1.5, while the properties for unevolved stars are in good agreement. We furthermore apply asteroseismology to confirm that a large majority of cool main-sequence hosts are indeed dwarfs and not misclassified giants. Using the revised stellar properties, we recalculate the radii for 107 planet candidates in our sample, and comment on candidates for which the radii change from a previously giant-planet/brown-dwarf/stellar regime to a sub-Jupiter size or vice versa. A comparison of stellar densities from asteroseismology with densities derived from transit models in Batalha et al. assuming circular orbits shows significant disagreement for more than half of the sample due to systematics in the modeled impact parameters or due to planet candidates that may be in eccentric orbits. Finally, we investigate tentative correlations between host-star masses and planet-candidate radii, orbital periods, and multiplicity, but caution that these results may be influenced by the small sample size and detection biases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - SUBGIANT stars
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90152534; HUBER, DANIEL 1; Email Address: daniel.huber@nasa.gov CHAPLIN, WILLIAM J. 2,3 CHRISTENSEN-DALSGAARD, JØRGEN 3 GILLILAND, RONALD L. 4 KJELDSEN, HANS 3 BUCHHAVE, LARS A. 5,6 FISCHER, DEBRA A. 7 LISSAUER, JACK J. 1 ROWE, JASON F. 1 SANCHIS-OJEDA, ROBERTO 8 BASU, SARBANI 7 HANDBERG, RASMUS 3 HEKKER, SASKIA 9 HOWARD, ANDREW W. 10 ISAACSON, HOWARD 11 KAROFF, CHRISTOFFER 3 LATHAM, DAVID W. 12 LUND, MIKKEL N. 3 LUNDKVIST, MIA 3 MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  3: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  4: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  6: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  7: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  8: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  9: Astronomical Institute "Anton Pannekoek," University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  10: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  11: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  12: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2013, Vol. 767 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: SUBGIANT stars; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/127
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - QUINTANA, ELISA V.
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - BARCLAY, THOMAS
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - CIARDI, DAVID R.
AU  - DEMORY, BRICE-OLIVIER
AU  - CALDWELL, DOUGLAS A.
AU  - BORUCKI, WILLIAM J.
AU  - CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE L.
AU  - JENKINS, JONM.
AU  - KLAUS, TODD C.
AU  - FULTON, BENJAMIN J.
AU  - MORRIS, ROBERT L.
AU  - SANDERFER, DWIGHT T.
AU  - SHPORER, AVI
AU  - SMITH, JEFFREY C.
AU  - STILL, MARTIN
AU  - THOMPSON, SUSAN E.
T1  - CONFIRMATION OF HOT JUPITER KEPLER-41b VIA PHASE CURVE ANALYSIS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/04/20/
VL  - 767
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present high precision photometry of Kepler-41, a giant planet in a 1.86 day orbit around a G6V star that was recently confirmed through radial velocity measurements.We have developed a new method to confirm giant planets solely from the photometric light curve, and we apply this method herein to Kepler-41 to establish the validity of this technique.We generate a full phase photometric model by including the primary and secondary transits, ellipsoidal variations, Doppler beaming, and reflected/emitted light from the planet. Third light contamination scenarios that can mimic a planetary transit signal are simulated by injecting a full range of dilution values into the model, and we re-fit each diluted light curve model to the light curve. The resulting constraints on the maximum occultation depth and stellar density combined with stellar evolution models rules out stellar blends and provides a measurement of the planet's mass, size, and temperature. We expect about two dozen Kepler giant planets can be confirmed via this method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90152544; QUINTANA, ELISA V. 1; Email Address: elisa.quintana@nasa.gov ROWE, JASON F. 1 BARCLAY, THOMAS 2 HOWELL, STEVE B. 3 CIARDI, DAVID R. 4 DEMORY, BRICE-OLIVIER 5 CALDWELL, DOUGLAS A. 1 BORUCKI, WILLIAM J. 3 CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE L. 1 JENKINS, JONM. 1 KLAUS, TODD C. 6 FULTON, BENJAMIN J. 7,8 MORRIS, ROBERT L. 1 SANDERFER, DWIGHT T. 3 SHPORER, AVI 7,9 SMITH, JEFFREY C. 1 STILL, MARTIN 3 THOMPSON, SUSAN E. 1; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, 770 South Wilson Ave., MC 100-2, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Orbital Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA  8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  9: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2013, Vol. 767 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/767/2/137
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90152544&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
AU  - Yost, William T.
T1  - Acoustic nonlinearity and cumulative plastic shear strain in cyclically loaded metals.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2013/04/21/
VL  - 113
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 153506
EP  - 153506-6
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Cyclic loading leads to microstructural changes in metals that result in substantial increases in the material nonlinearity. Two quite distinct approaches for quantifying the nonlinearity via a material nonlinearity parameter assessed directly from acoustic harmonic generation measurements have emerged-the Cantrell model and the model of Kim et al. The Cantrell model quantifies the nonlinearity in terms of lattice anharmonicity, dislocation plasticity, and crack growth as independent sources of nonlinearity arising from the accumulated plastic shear strain. The approach of Kim et al. links the cumulative plastic shear strain directly to a change in the third-order elastic constants of the material. We show that although the model of Kim et al. has the advantage of expediency, the Cantrell model reflects much more accurately the dependence of the nonlinearity parameter on the state of fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CYCLIC loading
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - ELASTIC solids
N1  - Accession Number: 87071655; Cantrell, John H. 1 Yost, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 113 Issue 15, p153506; Subject Term: ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CYCLIC loading; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELASTIC solids; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4801885
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87071655&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Handler, G.
AU  - Prinja, R. K.
AU  - Urbaneja, M. A.
AU  - Antoci, V.
AU  - Twicken, J. D.
AU  - Barclay, T.
T1  - Kepler photometry and optical spectroscopy of the ZZ Lep central star of the planetary nebula NGC 6826: rotational and wind variability.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/04/21/
VL  - 430
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2923
EP  - 2931
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present three years of long-cadence and over one year of short-cadence photometry of the central star of the planetary nebula NGC 6826 obtained with the Kepler spacecraft, and temporally coinciding optical spectroscopy. The light curves are dominated by incoherent variability on time-scales of several hours, but contain a lower amplitude periodicity of 1.237 99 d. The temporal amplitude and shape changes of this signal are best explicable with a rotational modulation, and are not consistent with a binary interpretation. We argue that we do not observe stellar pulsations within the limitations of our data, and show that a binary central star with an orbital period less than seven days could only have escaped our detection in the case of low orbital inclination. Combining the photometric and spectroscopic evidence, we reason that the hourly variations are due to a variable stellar wind, and are global in nature. The physical cause of the wind variability of NGC 6826 and other ZZ Leporis stars is likely related to the mechanism responsible for wind variations in massive hot stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - MODULATION (Electronics)
KW  - early-type - stars: mass-loss - stars
KW  - individual
KW  - NGC 6826
KW  - outflows - planetary nebulae
KW  - rotation - stars
KW  - stars
KW  - winds
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 102558571; Handler, G. 1; Email Address: gerald@camk.edu.pl Prinja, R. K. 2 Urbaneja, M. A. 3 Antoci, V. 4,5 Twicken, J. D. 6 Barclay, T. 7; Affiliation:  1: Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warsaw, Poland  2: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada  6: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Bay Area Environmental Research Inst./NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 430 Issue 4, p2923; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: MODULATION (Electronics); Author-Supplied Keyword: early-type - stars: mass-loss - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: individual; Author-Supplied Keyword: NGC 6826; Author-Supplied Keyword: outflows - planetary nebulae; Author-Supplied Keyword: rotation - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: winds; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stt092
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tiscareno, Matthew S.
AU  - Mitchell, Colin J.
AU  - Murray, Carl D.
AU  - Di Nino, Daiana
AU  - Hedman, Matthew M.
AU  - Schmidt, Jurgen
AU  - Burns, Joseph A.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Porco, Carolyn C.
AU  - Beurle, Kevin
AU  - Evans, Michael W.
T1  - Observations of Ejecta Clouds Produced by Impacts onto Saturn's Rings.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/04/26/
VL  - 340
IS  - 6131
M3  - Article
SP  - 460
EP  - 464
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We report observations of dusty clouds in Saturn's rings, which we interpret as resulting from impacts onto the rings that occurred between 1 and 50 hours before the clouds were observed. The largest of these clouds was observed twice; its brightness and cant angle evolved in a manner consistent with this hypothesis. Several arguments suggest that these clouds cannot be due to the primary impact of one solid meteoroid onto the rings, but rather are due to the impact of a compact stream of Saturn-orbiting material derived from previous breakup of a meteoroid. The responsible interplanetary meteoroids were initially between 1 centimeter and several meters in size, and their influx rate is consistent with the sparse prior knowledge of smaller meteoroids in the outer solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - PLANETARY rings
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 87427504; Tiscareno, Matthew S. 1; Email Address: matthewt@astro.cornell.edu Mitchell, Colin J. 2 Murray, Carl D. 3 Di Nino, Daiana 2 Hedman, Matthew M. 1 Schmidt, Jurgen 4,5 Burns, Joseph A. 6,7 Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 8 Porco, Carolyn C. 2 Beurle, Kevin 3 Evans, Michael W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: CICLOPS, Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  3: Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London El 4NS, UK  4: Department of Physics, Astronomy Division, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Finland  5: Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany  6: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  7: College of Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/26/2013, Vol. 340 Issue 6131, p460; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: PLANETARY rings; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1233524
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Bo
AU  - Kang, Daegun
AU  - Kim, Jungsik
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Thermally efficient and highly scalable In2Se3 nanowire phase change memory.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2013/04/28/
VL  - 113
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 164303
EP  - 164303-6
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The electrical characteristics of nonvolatile In2Se3 nanowire phase change memory are reported. Size-dependent memory switching behavior was observed in nanowires of varying diameters and the reduction in set/reset threshold voltage was as low as 3.45 V/6.25 V for a 60 nm nanowire, which is promising for highly scalable nanowire memory applications. Also, size-dependent thermal resistance of In2Se3 nanowire memory cells was estimated with values as high as 5.86×1013 and 1.04×106 K/W for a 60 nm nanowire memory cell in amorphous and crystalline phases, respectively. Such high thermal resistances are beneficial for improvement of thermal efficiency and thus reduction in programming power consumption based on Fourier's law. The evaluation of thermal resistance provides an avenue to develop thermally efficient memory cell architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - PHASE change materials
KW  - THERMAL resistance
KW  - THERMAL efficiency
KW  - ENERGY consumption
N1  - Accession Number: 87372883; Jin, Bo 1 Kang, Daegun 2 Kim, Jungsik 1 Meyyappan, M. 1,3 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784,  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784,  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: Apr2013, Vol. 113 Issue 16, p164303; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: PHASE change materials; Subject Term: THERMAL resistance; Subject Term: THERMAL efficiency; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4802672
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, Ravindra P.
AU  - Qiu, Hao
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
T1  - Evaluation of a combined electrostatic and magnetostatic configuration for active space-radiation shielding
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 51
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1784
EP  - 1791
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Developing successful and optimal solutions to mitigating the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is critical for the success of deep-space explorations. A recent report (Tripathi et al., 2008) had explored the feasibility of using electrostatic shielding. Here, we continue to extend the electrostatic shielding strategy and examine a hybrid configuration that utilizes both electrostatic and magnetostatic fields. The main advantages of this system are shown to be: (i) a much better shielding and repulsion of incident ions from both solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR), (ii) reductions in the power requirement for re-charging the electrostatic sub-system, and (iii) low requirements of the magnetic fields that are well below the thresholds set for health and safety for long-term exposures. Furthermore, our results show transmission levels reduced to levels as low as 30% for energies around 1000MeV, and near total elimination of SPE radiation by these hybrid configurations. It is also shown that the power needed to replenish the electrostatic charges due to particle hits from the GCR and SPE radiation is minimal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - MAGNETOSTATICS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - FEASIBILITY studies
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - DEEP space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Deep-space
KW  - Electrostatic
KW  - Magnetostatic
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Shielding
N1  - Accession Number: 86421498; Joshi, Ravindra P. 1; Email Address: rjoshi@odu.edu Qiu, Hao 1 Tripathi, Ram K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Electrical & Comp. Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 51 Issue 9, p1784; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: MAGNETOSTATICS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: FEASIBILITY studies; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: DEEP space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep-space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetostatic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shielding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.12.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, Steven A.
AU  - Townsend, Lawrence W.
AU  - Norbury, John W.
T1  - Heavy ion contributions to organ dose equivalent for the 1977 galactic cosmic ray spectrum
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 51
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1792
EP  - 1799
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Estimates of organ dose equivalents for the skin, eye lens, blood forming organs, central nervous system, and heart of female astronauts from exposures to the 1977 solar minimum galactic cosmic radiation spectrum for various shielding geometries involving simple spheres and locations within the Space Transportation System (space shuttle) and the International Space Station (ISS) are made using the HZETRN 2010 space radiation transport code. The dose equivalent contributions are broken down by charge groups in order to better understand the sources of the exposures to these organs. For thin shields, contributions from ions heavier than alpha particles comprise at least half of the organ dose equivalent. For thick shields, such as the ISS locations, heavy ions contribute less than 30% and in some cases less than 10% of the organ dose equivalent. Secondary neutron production contributions in thick shields also tend to be as large, or larger, than the heavy ion contributions to the organ dose equivalents. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - HEAVY ions
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - THERAPEUTIC use
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 86421499; Walker, Steven A. 1; Email Address: steven.a.walker@nasa.gov Townsend, Lawrence W. 2; Email Address: ltownsen@utk.edu Norbury, John W. 3; Email Address: john.w.norbury@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: Nuclear Engineering Dept., University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 51 Issue 9, p1792; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: HEAVY ions; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.12.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Westberg, David J.
AU  - Hoell, James M.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr, Paul W.
AU  - Chandler, William S.
AU  - Crawley, Drury B.
AU  - Taiping Zhang
T1  - An Analysis of NASA's MERRA Meteorological Data to Supplement Observational Data for Calculation of Climatic Design Conditions.
JO  - ASHRAE Transactions
JF  - ASHRAE Transactions
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 119
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 210
EP  - 221
PB  - ASHRAE
SN  - 00012505
AB  - ASHRAE Technical Committee 4.2, Climatic Information, publishes a quadrennial update of climatic design information in Chapter 14 of the ASHRAE Handbook--Fundamentals (ASHRAE 2009a). The design information for 5564 locations around the world is based upon hourly values of dry-bulb temperature, wet-bulb temperature, dew-point temperature, wind speed and direction, surface pressure, and solar radiation. The 2009 design conditions provided a significant enhancement over the 2005 design conditions with respect to the global coverage--564 locations in 2009 versus 4422 locations in 2005. The ASHRAE design conditions, based on meteorological data, are calculated using hourly surface data from stations having a minimum of 8 years of observations, but more stations typically span 25 years of observations; although frequently the time series are discontinuous. The ASHRAE solar-related design conditions are based on model-derived solar radiation. A potential source for both global and time contiguous meteorological and solar data is NASA's POWER (Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource)web portal (NASA 2013a). This includes the recently available meteorological data based on an improved reanalysis model--Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA). MERRA yields global, hourly surface meteorological parameters for the years 1981 to present. An initial evaluation of the MERRA daily maximum, minimum, and averaged temperatures indicates accuracies sufficient to warrant their use to supplement existing surface observations. In this paper, we present an evaluation of the accuracy of the MERRA daily temperatures, followed by an assessment of the applicability of the MERRA hourly temperatures in the development of annual dry-bulb climate design criteria and annual heating and cooling degree-days over the continental United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ASHRAE Transactions is the property of ASHRAE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMERICAN Society of Heating Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Engineers
N1  - Accession Number: 96045760; Westberg, David J. 1 Hoell, James M. 2 Stackhouse Jr, Paul W. 3 Chandler, William S. 4 Crawley, Drury B. 5 Taiping Zhang 2; Affiliation:  1: Staff research scientist, Science Systems and Applications, Inc  2: Senior research scientist, Science Systems and Applications, Inc  3: Senior research scientist, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  4: Senior computer scientist, Science Systems and Applications, Inc  5: Director of building performance, Bentley Systems, Inc., Washington, DC; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 119 Issue 2, p210; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Subject Term: WIND speed; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMERICAN Society of Heating Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Engineers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HANISH, D. J.
AU  - TEPLITZ, H. I.
AU  - CAPAK, P.
AU  - DESAI, V.
AU  - ARMUS, L.
AU  - BRINKWORTH, C.
AU  - BROOKE, T.
AU  - COLBERT, J.
AU  - FADDA, D.
AU  - FRAYER, D.
AU  - HUYNH, M.
AU  - LACY, M.
AU  - MURPHY, E.
AU  - NORIEGA-CRESPO, A.
AU  - PALADINI, R.
AU  - SCARLATA, C.
AU  - SHENOY, S.
T1  - FAR-INFRARED PROPERTIES OF TYPE 1 QUASARS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/05//5/ 1/2013
VL  - 768
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We use the Spitzer Space Telescope Enhanced Imaging Products and the Spitzer Archival Far-InfraRed Extragalactic Survey to study the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of spectroscopically confirmed type 1 quasars selected from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). By combining the Spitzer and SDSS data with the Two Micron All Sky Survey, we are able to construct a statistically robust rest-frame 0.1-100μm type 1 quasar template. We find that the quasar population is well-described by a single power-law SED at wavelengths less than 20μm, in good agreement with previous work. However, at longer wavelengths, we find a significant excess in infrared luminosity above an extrapolated power-law, along with significant object-to-object dispersion in the SED. The mean excess reaches a maximum of 0.8 dex at rest-frame wavelengths near 100μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - QUASARS
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - infrared: galaxies
KW  - quasars: general
KW  - surveys
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
KW  - SLOAN Digital Sky Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 90108190; HANISH, D. J. 1; Email Address: hanish@ipac.caltech.edu TEPLITZ, H. I. 1 CAPAK, P. 1 DESAI, V. 1 ARMUS, L. 1 BRINKWORTH, C. 1 BROOKE, T. 1 COLBERT, J. 1 FADDA, D. 1 FRAYER, D. 2 HUYNH, M. 3 LACY, M. 4 MURPHY, E. 5 NORIEGA-CRESPO, A. 1 PALADINI, R. 1 SCARLATA, C. 6 SHENOY, S. 7; Affiliation:  1: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, MC 220-6, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 2, Green Bank, WV 24944, USA  3: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, M468, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  4: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA  5: Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  6: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  7: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/ 1/2013, Vol. 768 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: QUASARS; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: active; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: quasars: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: SLOAN Digital Sky Survey; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/13
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M. KAJISAWA
AU  - Y. SHIOYA
AU  - Y. AIDA
AU  - Y. IDEUE
AU  - Y. TANIGUCHI
AU  - T. NAGAO
AU  - T. MURAYAMA
AU  - K. MATSUBAYASHI
AU  - RIGUCCINI, L.
T1  - ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON STAR FORMATION ACTIVITY AT z ~ 0.9 IN THE COSMOS FIELD.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/05//5/ 1/2013
VL  - 768
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We investigated the fraction of [OII] emitters in galaxies at z ~ 0.9 as a function of the local galaxy density in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) COSMOS 2 deg2 field. [O II] emitters are selected by the narrowband excess technique with the NB711-band imaging data taken with Suprime-Cam on the Subaru telescope. We carefully selected 614 photo-z-selected galaxies with MU3500 < -19.31 at z = 0.901 - 0.920, which includes 195 [OII] emitters, to directly compare the results with our previous study at z ~ 1.2. We found that the fraction is almost constant at 0.3 Mpc-2 < Σ10th < 10 Mpc-2. We also checked the fraction of galaxies with blue rest-frame colors of NUV -R < 2 in our photo-z-selected sample, and found that the fraction of blue galaxies does not significantly depend on the local density. On the other hand, the semi-analytic model of galaxy formation predicted that the fraction of star-forming galaxies at z ~ 0.9 decreases with increasing projected galaxy density even if the effects of the projection and the photo-z error in our analysis were taken into account. The fraction of [OII] emitters decreases from ~60% at z ~ 1.2 to ~30% at z ~ 0.9 independent of galaxy environment. The decrease of the [OII] emitter fraction could be explained mainly by the rapid decrease of star formation activity in the universe from z ~ 1.2 to z ~ 0.9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - STARS -- Density
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - galaxies: high-redshift
KW  - galaxies: star formation
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90108228; M. KAJISAWA 1,2; Email Address: kajisawa@cosmos.phys.sci.ehime-u.ac.jp Y. SHIOYA 1 Y. AIDA 2 Y. IDEUE 2 Y. TANIGUCHI 1 T. NAGAO 1,3,4 T. MURAYAMA 5 K. MATSUBAYASHI 1 RIGUCCINI, L. 1,6; Affiliation:  1: Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan  2: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan  3: Hakubi Project, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Ushinomiya-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8302, Japan  4: Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan  5: Astronomical Institute, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/ 1/2013, Vol. 768 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: STARS -- Density; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: high-redshift; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: star formation; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/51
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90108228&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MATHEWS, WILLIAM G.
AU  - TEMI, PASQUALE
AU  - BRIGHENTI, FABRIZIO
AU  - AMBLARD, ALEXANDRE
T1  - VARIATIONS OF MID- AND FAR-INFRARED LUMINOSITIES AMONG EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES: RELATION TO STELLAR METALLICITY AND COLD DUST.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/05//5/ 1/2013
VL  - 768
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Hubble morphological sequence from early to late galaxies corresponds to an increasing rate of specific star formation. The Hubble sequence also follows a banana-shaped correlation between 24 and 70μm luminosities, both normalized with the K-band luminosity. We show that this correlation is significantly tightened if galaxies with central active galactic nucleus (AGN) emission are removed, but the cosmic scatter of elliptical galaxies in both 24 and 70μm luminosities remains significant along the correlation. We find that the 24μm variation among ellipticals correlates with stellar metallicity, reflecting emission from hot dust in winds from asymptotic giant branch stars of varying metallicity. Infrared surface brightness variations in elliptical galaxies indicate that the K -24 color profile is U-shaped for reasons that are unclear. In some elliptical galaxies, cold interstellar dust emitting at 70 and 160μm may arise from recent gas-rich mergers. However, we argue that most of the large range of 70μm luminosity in elliptical galaxies is due to dust transported from galactic cores by feedback events in (currently IR-quiet) AGNs. Cooler dusty gas naturally accumulates in the cores of elliptical galaxies due to dust-cooled local stellar mass loss and may accrete onto the central black hole, releasing energy. AGN-heated gas can transport dust in cores 5-10 kpc out into the hot gas atmospheres where it radiates extended 70μm emission but is eventually destroyed by sputtering. This, and some modest star formation, defines a cycle of dust creation and destruction. Elliptical galaxies evidently undergo large transient excursions in the banana plot in times comparable to the sputtering time or AGN duty cycle, 10 Myr. Normally regarded as passive, elliptical galaxies are the most active galaxies in the IR color-color correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - ELLIPTICAL galaxies
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - POTENTIAL well
KW  - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD
KW  - galaxies: ISM
KW  - infrared: galaxies
KW  - infrared: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 90108205; MATHEWS, WILLIAM G. 1; Email Address: mathews@ucolick.org TEMI, PASQUALE 2; Email Address: pasquale.temi@nasa.gov BRIGHENTI, FABRIZIO 1,3; Email Address: fabrizio.brighenti@unibo.it AMBLARD, ALEXANDRE 2; Affiliation:  1: University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory, Board of Studies in Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy; Source Info: 5/ 1/2013, Vol. 768 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: ELLIPTICAL galaxies; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: POTENTIAL well; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/28
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90108205&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - THACKER, CAMERON
AU  - COORAY, ASANTHA
AU  - SMIDT, JOSEPH
AU  - DE BERNARDIS, FRANCESCO
AU  - MITCHELL-WYNNE, K.
AU  - AMBLARD, A.
AU  - AULD, R.
AU  - BAES, M.
AU  - CLEMENTS, D. L.
AU  - DARIUSH, A.
AU  - DE ZOTTI, G.
AU  - DUNNE, L.
AU  - EALES, S.
AU  - HOPWOOD, R.
AU  - HOYOS, C.
AU  - IBAR, E.
AU  - JARVIS, M.
AU  - MADDOX, S.
AU  - MICHALLOWSKI, M. J.
AU  - PASCALE, E.
T1  - H-ATLAS: THE COSMIC ABUNDANCE OF DUST FROM THE FAR-INFRARED BACKGROUND POWER SPECTRUM.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/05//5/ 1/2013
VL  - 768
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a measurement of the angular power spectrum of the cosmic far-infrared background (CFIRB) anisotropies in one of the extragalactic fields of the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey at 250, 350, and 500 μm bands. Consistent with recent measurements of the CFIRB power spectrum in Herschel-SPIRE maps, we confirm the existence of a clear one-halo term of galaxy clustering on arcminute angular scales with large-scale two-halo term of clustering at 30 arcmin to angular scales of a few degrees. The power spectrum at the largest angular scales, especially at 250 μm, is contaminated by the Galactic cirrus. The angular power spectrum is modeled using a conditional luminosity function approach to describe the spatial distribution of unresolved galaxies that make up the bulk of the CFIRB. Integrating over the dusty galaxy population responsible for the background anisotropies, we find that the cosmic abundance of dust, relative to the critical density, to be between Ωdust = 10-6 and 8 × 10-6 in the redshift range z ~ 0-3. This dust abundance is consistent with estimates of the dust content in the universe using quasar reddening and magnification measurements in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - QUASARS
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - cosmology: observations
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - infrared: galaxies
KW  - large-scale structure of universe
KW  - submillimeter: galaxies
KW  - HERSCHEL Space Observatory (Spacecraft)
KW  - SLOAN Digital Sky Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 90108235; THACKER, CAMERON 1 COORAY, ASANTHA 1 SMIDT, JOSEPH 1 DE BERNARDIS, FRANCESCO 1 MITCHELL-WYNNE, K. 1 AMBLARD, A. 2 AULD, R. 3 BAES, M. 4 CLEMENTS, D. L. 5 DARIUSH, A. 5 DE ZOTTI, G. 6 DUNNE, L. 7 EALES, S. 3 HOPWOOD, R. 5 HOYOS, C. 8 IBAR, E. 9,10 JARVIS, M. 11,12 MADDOX, S. 7 MICHALLOWSKI, M. J. 4,13 PASCALE, E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK  4: Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, KrijgslAAn 281 S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium  5: Physics Department, Imperial College London, South Kensington campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK  6: INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand  8: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK  9: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, The Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK  10: Universidad Católica de Chile, Departamento de Astronomía y Astrofísica, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile  11: Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK  12: Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa  13: Scottish Universities Physics Alliance, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK; Source Info: 5/ 1/2013, Vol. 768 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: QUASARS; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale structure of universe; Author-Supplied Keyword: submillimeter: galaxies; Company/Entity: HERSCHEL Space Observatory (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: SLOAN Digital Sky Survey; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/58
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WEISS, LAUREN M.
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - HOWARD, ANDREW W.
AU  - ISAACSON, HOWARD
AU  - FORTNEY, JONATHAN J.
AU  - MILLER, NEIL
AU  - DEMORY, BRICE-OLIVIER
AU  - FISCHER, DEBRA A.
AU  - ADAMS, ELISABETH R.
AU  - DUPREE, ANDREA K.
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - KOLBL, REA
AU  - JOHNSON, JOHN ASHER
AU  - HORCH, ELLIOTT P.
AU  - EVERETT, MARK E.
AU  - FABRYCKY, DANIEL C.
AU  - SEAGER, SARA
T1  - THE MASS OF KOI-94d AND A RELATION FOR PLANET RADIUS, MASS, AND INCIDENT FLUX.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/05//5/ 1/2013
VL  - 768
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We measure the mass of a modestly irradiated giant planet, KOI-94d. We wish to determine whether this planet, which is in a 22 day orbit and receives 2700 times as much incident flux as Jupiter, is as dense as Jupiter or rarefied like inflated hot Jupiters. KOI-94 also hosts at least three smaller transiting planets, all of which were detected by the Kepler mission. With 26 radial velocities of KOI-94 from the W. M. Keck Observatory and a simultaneous fit to the Kepler light curve, we measure the mass of the giant planet and determine that it is not inflated. Support for the planetary interpretation of the other three candidates comes from gravitational interactions through transit timing variations, the statistical robustness of multi-planet systems against false positives, and several lines of evidence that no other star resides within the photometric aperture. We report the properties of KOI-94b (MP = 10.5 ± 4.6 M⊕, RP =1.71±0.16R⊕, P=3.74 days), KOI-94c (MP =15.6+5.7-15.6M⊕, RP =4.32±0.41 R⊕, P=10.4 days), KOI-94d (MP = 106±11 M⊕, RP = 11.27±1.06 R⊕, P = 22.3 days), and KOI-94e (MP = 35+18-28M⊕, RP = 6.56±0.62 R⊕, P = 54.3 days). The radial velocity analyses of KOI-94b and KOI-94e offer marginal (>2σ) mass detections, whereas the observations of KOI-94c offer only an upper limit to its mass. Using the KOI-94 system and other planets with published values for both mass and radius (138 exoplanets total, including 35 with MP < 150 M⊕), we establish two fundamental planes for exoplanets that relate their mass, incident flux, and radius from a few Earth masses up to 13 Jupiter masses: (RP/R⊕) = 1.78(MP/M⊕)0.53(F/erg s-1 cm-2)-0.03 for MP < 150 M⊕, and RP/R⊕ = 2.45(MP/M⊕)0.039(F/erg s-1 cm-2)0.094 for MP > 150M⊕. These equations can be used to predict the radius or mass of a planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL interactions
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - 2MASS J19491993+4153280)
KW  - KIC 6462863
KW  - planets and satellites: composition
KW  - stars: individual (KOI-94
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90108191; WEISS, LAUREN M. 1,2; Email Address: lweiss@berkeley.edu MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 1 ROWE, JASON F. 2 HOWARD, ANDREW W. 3 ISAACSON, HOWARD 1 FORTNEY, JONATHAN J. 4 MILLER, NEIL 5 DEMORY, BRICE-OLIVIER 6 FISCHER, DEBRA A. 7 ADAMS, ELISABETH R. 7 DUPREE, ANDREA K. 2 HOWELL, STEVE B. 2 KOLBL, REA 1 JOHNSON, JOHN ASHER 8 HORCH, ELLIOTT P. 9 EVERETT, MARK E. 10 FABRYCKY, DANIEL C. 11 SEAGER, SARA 5; Affiliation:  1: B-20 Hearst Field Annex, Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, 275 Interdisciplinary Sciences Building (ISB), Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06510-8101, USA  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: California Institute of Technology, 1216 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91106, USA  9: Southern Connecticut State University, Department of Physics, 501 Crescent St., New Haven, CT 06515, USA  10: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  11: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: 5/ 1/2013, Vol. 768 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL interactions; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2MASS J19491993+4153280); Author-Supplied Keyword: KIC 6462863; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (KOI-94; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/768/1/14
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adams, C.
AU  - Bourassa, A. E.
AU  - Bathgate, A. F.
AU  - McLinden, C. A.
AU  - Lloyd, N. D.
AU  - Roth, C. Z.
AU  - Llewellyn, E. J.
AU  - Zawodny, J. M.
AU  - Flittner, D. E.
AU  - Manney, G. L.
AU  - Daffer, W. H.
AU  - Degenstein, D. A.
T1  - Characterization of Odin-OSIRIS ozone profiles with the SAGE II dataset.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1447
EP  - 1459
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS) on board the Odin spacecraft has been taking limb-scattered measurements of ozone number density profiles from 2001-present. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) took solar occultation measurements of ozone number densities from 1984-2005 and has been used in many studies of long-term ozone trends.We present the characterization of OSIRIS SaskMART v5.0× against the new SAGE II v7.00 ozone profiles for 2001- 2005, the period over which these two missions had overlap. This information can be used to merge OSIRIS with SAGE II into a single ozone record from 1984 to the present, if other satellite ozone measurements are included to account for gaps in the OSIRIS dataset in the winter hemisphere. Coincident measurement pairs were selected for ±1 h, ±1° latitude, and ±500 km. The absolute value of the resulting mean relative difference profile is <5% for 13.5-54.5 km and <3% for 24.5-53.5 km. Correlation coefficients R >0.9 were calculated for 13.5-49.5 km, demonstrating excellent overall agreement between the two datasets. Coincidence criteria were relaxed to maximize the number of measurement pairs and the conditions under which measurements were taken. With the broad coincidence criteria, good agreement (<5 %) was observed under most conditions for 20.5- 40.5 km. However, mean relative differences do exceed 5% for several cases. Above 50 km, differences between OSIRIS and SAGE II are partly attributed to the diurnal variation of ozone. OSIRIS data are biased high compared with SAGE II at 22.5 km, particularly at high latitudes. Dynamical coincidence criteria, using derived meteorological products, were also tested and yielded similar overall results, with slight improvements to the correlation at high latitudes. The OSIRIS optics temperature is low (<16 °C) during May-July, when the satellite enters the Earth's shadow for part of its orbit. During this period, OSIRIS measurements are biased low by 5-12% for 27.5-38.5 km. Biases between OSIRIS ascending node (northward equatorial crossing time ∼18:00 LT - local time) and descending node (southward equatorial crossing time ∼06:00 LT) measurements are also noted under some conditions. This work demonstrates that OSIRIS and SAGE II have excellent overall agreement and characterizes the biases between these datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
N1  - Accession Number: 89058428; Adams, C. 1; Email Address: cristen.adams@usask.ca Bourassa, A. E. 1 Bathgate, A. F. 1 McLinden, C. A. 1,2 Lloyd, N. D. 1 Roth, C. Z. 1 Llewellyn, E. J. 1 Zawodny, J. M. 3 Flittner, D. E. 3 Manney, G. L. 4,5 Daffer, W. H. 6 Degenstein, D. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Space and Atmospheric Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada  2: Environment Canada, Downsview, Ontario, Canada  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  4: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico, USA  5: North West Research Associates, Socorro, New Mexico, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 6 Issue 5, p1447; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-6-1447-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89058428&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RENNÓ, NILTON O.
AU  - WILLIAMS, EARLE
AU  - ROSENFELD, DANIEL
AU  - FISCHER, DAVID G.
AU  - FISCHER, JÜRGEN
AU  - KREMIC, TIBOR
AU  - AGRAWAL, ARUN
AU  - ANDREAE, MEINRAT O.
AU  - BIERBAUM, ROSINA
AU  - BLAKESLEE, RICHARD
AU  - BOERNER, ANKO
AU  - BOWLES, NEIL
AU  - CHRISTIAN, HUGH
AU  - COX, ANN
AU  - DUNION, JASON
AU  - HORVATH, AKOS
AU  - XIANGLEI HUANG
AU  - KHAIN, ALEXANDER
AU  - KINNE, STEFAN
AU  - LEMOS, MARIA C.
T1  - CHASER. (Cover story)
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 94
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 685
EP  - 694
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The formation of cloud droplets on aerosol particles, technically known as the activation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), is the fundamental process driving the interactions of aerosols with clouds and precipitation. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Decadal Survey indicate that the uncertainty in how clouds adjust to aerosol perturbations dominates the uncertainty in the overall quantification of the radiative forcing attributable to human activities. Measurements by current satellites allow the determination of crude profiles of cloud particle size, but not of the activated CCN that seed them. The Clouds, Hazards, and Aerosols Survey for Earth Researchers (CHASER) mission concept responds to the IPCC and Decadal Survey concerns, utilizing a new technique and high-heritage instruments to measure all the quantities necessary to produce the first global survey maps of activated CCN and the properties of the clouds associated with them. CHASER also determines the activated CCN concentration and cloud thermodynamic forcing simultaneously, allowing the effects of each to be distinguished.  INSETS: HOW WILL CHASER HELP POLICY MAKERS?;WHAT ARE THE FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES ENABLING THE DETERMINATION...;TESTING THE CHASER MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE THROUGH AIRBORNE AND.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - CONDENSATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - CLOUD droplets
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
N1  - Accession Number: 87881516; RENNÓ, NILTON O. 1; Email Address: renno@alum.mit.edu WILLIAMS, EARLE 2 ROSENFELD, DANIEL 3 FISCHER, DAVID G. 4 FISCHER, JÜRGEN 5 KREMIC, TIBOR 4 AGRAWAL, ARUN 6 ANDREAE, MEINRAT O. 7 BIERBAUM, ROSINA 6 BLAKESLEE, RICHARD 8 BOERNER, ANKO 9 BOWLES, NEIL 10 CHRISTIAN, HUGH 11 COX, ANN 12 DUNION, JASON 13 HORVATH, AKOS 14 XIANGLEI HUANG 1 KHAIN, ALEXANDER 3 KINNE, STEFAN 14 LEMOS, MARIA C. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts  3: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio  5: Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany  6: School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan  7: Max-Planck-Institut für Chemie, Mainz, Germany  8: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama  9: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Berlin, Germany  10: Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom  11: ESSC/NSSTC, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama  12: Orbital Sciences Corporation, Dulles, Virginia  13: Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, Florida  14: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 94 Issue 5, p685; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: CONDENSATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: CLOUD droplets; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00239.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87881516&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LONG, C. N.
AU  - MCFARLANE, S. A.
AU  - DEL GENIO, A.
AU  - MINNIS, P.
AU  - ACKERMAN, T. P.
AU  - MATHER, J.
AU  - COMSTOCK, J.
AU  - MACE, G. G.
AU  - JENSEN, M.
AU  - JAKOB, C.
T1  - ARM RESEARCH IN THE EQUATORIAL WESTERN PACIFIC.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 94
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 695
EP  - 708
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The tropical western Pacific (TWP) is an important climatic region. Strong solar heating, warm sea surface temperatures, and the annual progression of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) across this region generate abundant convective systems, which through their effects on the heat and water budgets have a profound impact on global climate and precipitation. In order to accurately evaluate tropical cloud systems in models, measurements of tropical clouds, the environment in which they reside, and their impact on the radiation and water budgets are needed. Because of the remote location, ground-based datasets of cloud, atmosphere, and radiation properties from the TWP region have come primarily from shortterm field experiments. While providing extremely useful information on physical processes, these short-term datasets are limited in statistical and climatological information. To provide longterm measurements of the surface radiation budget in the tropics and the atmospheric properties that affect it, the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program established a measurement site on Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, in 1996 and on the island republic of Nauru in late 1998. These sites provide unique datasets now available for more than 10 years on Manus and Nauru. This article presents examples of the scientific use of these datasets including characterization of cloud properties, analysis of cloud radiative forcing, model studies of tropical clouds and processes, and validation of satellite algorithms. New instrumentation recently installed at the Manus site will provide expanded opportunities for tropical atmospheric science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation -- Measurement
KW  - MANUS Island (Papua New Guinea)
KW  - NAURU
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC Radiation Measurement Program (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 87881517; LONG, C. N. 1; Email Address: chuck.long@pnl.gov MCFARLANE, S. A. 1 DEL GENIO, A. 2 MINNIS, P. 3 ACKERMAN, T. P. 4 MATHER, J. 1 COMSTOCK, J. 1 MACE, G. G. 5 JENSEN, M. 6 JAKOB, C. 7; Affiliation:  1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  4: JISAO, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  5: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah  6: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York  7: Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 94 Issue 5, p695; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation -- Measurement; Subject Term: MANUS Island (Papua New Guinea); Subject Term: NAURU; Company/Entity: ATMOSPHERIC Radiation Measurement Program (U.S.); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00137.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kukavskaya, Elena A.
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Petkov, Alexander P.
AU  - Ponomarev, Evgeni I.
AU  - Ivanova, Galina A.
AU  - Conard, Susan G.
T1  - Fire emissions estimates in Siberia: evaluation of uncertainties in area burned, land cover, and fuel consumption.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
JF  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 506
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00455067
AB  - Boreal forests constitute the world's largest terrestrial carbon pools. The main natural disturbance in these forests is wildfire, which modifies the carbon budget and atmosphere, directly and indirectly. Wildfire emissions in Russia contribute substantially to the global carbon cycle and have potentially important feedbacks to changing climate. Published estimates of carbon emissions from fires in Russian boreal forests vary greatly depending on the methods and data sets used. We examined various fire and vegetation products used to estimate wildfire emissions for Siberia. Large (up to fivefold) differences in annual and monthly area burned estimates for Siberia were found among four satellite-based fire data sets. Official Russian data were typically less than 10% of satellite estimates. Differences in the estimated proportion of annual burned area within each ecosystem were as much as 40% among five land-cover products. As a result, fuel consumption estimates would be expected to vary widely (3%-98%) depending on the specific vegetation mapping product used and as a function of weather conditions. Verification and validation of burned area and land-cover data sets along with the development of fuel maps and combustion models are essential for accurate Siberian wildfire emission estimates, which are central to balancing the carbon budget and assessing feedbacks to climate change. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les forêts boréales constituent le plus important réservoir de carbone de la planète. Le feu, qui modifie directement et indirectement le bilan du carbone et sa concentration dans l'atmosphère, est la principale perturbation naturelle dans ces forêts. Les émissions provenant des feux de forêt en Russie contribuent de façon substantielle au cycle global du carbone et ont des rétroactions potentiellement importantes sur les changements climatiques. Les estimations publiées au sujet des émissions de carbone provenant des feux dans les forêts boréales russes varient grandement selon les méthodes et les jeux de données utilisés. Nous avons examiné différentes données sur les feux et la végétation utilisées pour estimer les émissions provenant des feux de forêt en Sibérie. Nous avons trouvé d'importantes différences (jusqu'au quintuple) dans les estimations annuelles et mensuelles des superficies brûlées en Sibérie faites à partir de quatre jeux de données satellite sur les feux. Les données officielles russes étaient typiquement inférieures de 10 % aux estimations basées sur les données satellite. Les différences dans la proportion estimée de la superficie brûlée annuellement dans chaque écosystème pouvaient atteindre 40 % parmi cinq types de couvert. Par conséquent, on s'attendrait à ce que les estimations de consommation de combustibles varient grandement (3 %-98 %) dépendamment du type particulier de cartographie de la végétation utilisé et en fonction des conditions météorologiques. La vérification et la validation des jeux de données au sujet des superficies brûlées et du couvert terrestre ainsi que l'élaboration de cartes de combustibles et de modèles de combustion sont essentielles pour obtenir des estimations précises des émissions provenant des feux de forêt en Sibérie, lesquelles sont primordiales pour équilibrer le bilan du carbone et évaluer les rétroactions sur les changements climatiques. [Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - LAND cover
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - TAIGAS
KW  - ECOLOGICAL disturbances
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - SIBERIA (Russia)
KW  - RUSSIA
N1  - Accession Number: 87517584; Kukavskaya, Elena A. Soja, Amber J. 1 Petkov, Alexander P. 2 Ponomarev, Evgeni I. 3 Ivanova, Galina A. 3 Conard, Susan G. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA.  2: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Hwy 10 W., Missoula, MT 59808, USA.  3: V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Akademgorodok 50/28, Krasnoyarsk 660036, Russia.  4: USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 5775 US Hwy 10 W., Missoula, MT 59808, USA; George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p493; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: LAND cover; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: TAIGAS; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL disturbances; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: SIBERIA (Russia); Subject Term: RUSSIA; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/cjfr-2012-0367
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Halbig, M.C.
AU  - Coddington, B.P.
AU  - Asthana, R.
AU  - Singh, M.
T1  - Characterization of silicon carbide joints fabricated using SiC particulate-reinforced Ag–Cu–Ti alloys
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 39
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4151
EP  - 4162
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Abstract: CVD silicon carbide was brazed to itself using two Ag–Cu–Ti braze alloys reinforced with SiC particulates to control braze thermal expansion and enhance joint strength. Powders of the braze alloys, Ticusil (composition in wt%: Ag–26.7Cu–4.5Ti, TL: 900°C) and Cusil-ABA (Ag–35.3Cu–1.75Ti, TL: 815°C) were pre-mixed with 5, 10 and 15wt% SiC particulates (∼20–30μm) using glycerin to create braze pastes that were applied to the surfaces to be joined. Joints were vacuum brazed and examined using optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the Knoop hardness test. The SiC particles were randomly distributed in the braze matrix and bonded to it via reaction with the titanium from the braze alloy. Titanium together with Si and C segregated at the particle/braze interface, and promoted nucleation and precipitation of the Cu-rich secondary phase on particle surfaces. The Si–Ti–C-rich reaction layers also formed at the interface between CVD SiC substrate and the braze alloy. The loss of Ti in the reaction with SiC particulates did not impair either the bond quality or the thickness of the reaction layer on the CVD SiC substrate. Microhardness measurements showed that the dispersed SiC particulates lowered the braze hardness by depleting the braze matrix of Ti. Theoretical calculations indicated the CTE of the braze to decrease by nearly 45–60% with the incorporation of about 45vol% SiC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - SILVER alloys
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - POWDER metallurgy
KW  - BRAZING alloys
KW  - Brazing
KW  - Microhardness
KW  - Particulate
KW  - Silicon carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 85815741; Halbig, M.C. 1 Coddington, B.P. 2 Asthana, R. 3; Email Address: AsthanaR@uwstout.edu Singh, M. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA  3: University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, WI, USA  4: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 39 Issue 4, p4151; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: SILVER alloys; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: POWDER metallurgy; Subject Term: BRAZING alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brazing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microhardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332117 Powder Metallurgy Part Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.10.271
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Finke, Niko
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Polerecky, Lubos
AU  - Buehring, Benjamin
AU  - Thamdrup, Bo
T1  - Competition for inorganic carbon between oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs in a hypersaline microbial mat, Guerrero Negro, Mexico.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 15
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1532
EP  - 1550
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - While most oxygenic phototrophs harvest light only in the visible range (400-700 nm, VIS), anoxygenic phototrophs can harvest near infrared light (> 700 nm, NIR). To study interactions between the photosynthetic guilds we used microsensors to measure oxygen and gross oxygenic photosynthesis ( gOP) in a hypersaline microbial mat under full ( VIS +  NIR) and VIS illumination. Under normal dissolved inorganic carbon ( DIC) concentrations (2  mM), volumetric rates of gOP were reduced up to 65% and areal rates by 16-31% at full compared with VIS illumination. This effect was enhanced (reduction up to 100% in volumetric, 50% in areal rates of gOP) when DIC was lowered to 1  mM, but diminished at 10  mM DIC or lowered pH. In conclusion, under full-light illumination anoxygenic phototrophs are able to reduce the activity of oxygenic phototrophs by efficiently competing for inorganic carbon within the highly oxygenated layer. Anoxygenic photosynthesis, calculated from the difference in gOP under full and VIS illumination, represented between 10% and 40% of the C-fixation. The DIC depletion in the euphotic zone as well as the significant C-fixation by anoxygenic phototrophs in the oxic layer influences the carbon isotopic composition of the mat, which needs to be taken into account when interpreting isotopic biosignals in geological records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - MARINE biology
KW  - MARINE microbiology
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - GUERRERO (Mexico : State)
KW  - MEXICO
N1  - Accession Number: 87017365; Finke, Niko 1,2 Hoehler, Tori M. 2 Polerecky, Lubos 3 Buehring, Benjamin 4 Thamdrup, Bo 1; Affiliation:  1: Nordic Center for Earth Evolution, Institute of Biology, University of Southern Denmark  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center  3: Microsensorgroup, Max-Planck-Institute for Marine Microbiology  4: Marum, University of Bremen; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 15 Issue 5, p1532; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: MARINE biology; Subject Term: MARINE microbiology; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: GUERRERO (Mexico : State); Subject Term: MEXICO; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1462-2920.12032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hosking, Simon G.
AU  - Davey, Catherine E.
AU  - Kaiser, Mary K.
T1  - Visual cues for manual control of headway.
JO  - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
JF  - Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 16625153
AB  - The ability to maintain appropriate gaps to objects in one's environment is important when navigating through a three-dimensional world. Previous research has shown that the visual angle subtended by a lead/approaching object and its rate of change are important variables for timing interceptions, collision avoidance, continuous regulation of braking, and manual control of headway. However, investigations of headway maintenance have required participants to maintain a fixed distance headway and have not investigated how information about own-speed is taken into account. In the following experiment, we asked participants to use a joystick to follow computer-simulated lead objects. The results showed that ground texture, following speed, and the size of the lead object had significant effects on both mean following distances and following distance variance. Furthermore, models of the participants' joystick responses provided better fits when it was assumed that the desired visual extent of the lead object would vary over time. Taken together, the results indicate that while information about own-speed is used by controllers to set the desired headway to a lead object, the continuous regulation of headway is influenced primarily by the visual angle of the lead object and its rate of change. The reliance on visual angle, its rate of change, and/or own-speed information also varied depending on the control dynamics of the system. Such findings are consistent with an optimal control criterion that reflects a differential weighting on different sources of information depending on the plant dynamics. As in other judgements of motion in depth, the information used for controlling headway to other objects in the environment varies depending on the constraints of the task and different strategies of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control
KW  - MANAGEMENT science
KW  - PLANTS
KW  - AUTOMOBILE driving -- Braking
KW  - ELECTRIC controllers
KW  - control dynamics
KW  - headway regulation
KW  - manual control
KW  - optic cues
KW  - visual perception
N1  - Accession Number: 90620296; Hosking, Simon G. 1; Email Address: simon.hosking@dsto.defence.gov.au Davey, Catherine E. 1 Kaiser, Mary K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Air Operations Division, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Fishermans Bend, VIC, Australia  2: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 7, p1; Subject Term: HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT science; Subject Term: PLANTS; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE driving -- Braking; Subject Term: ELECTRIC controllers; Author-Supplied Keyword: control dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: headway regulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: manual control; Author-Supplied Keyword: optic cues; Author-Supplied Keyword: visual perception; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rault, Didier F.
AU  - Loughman, Robert P.
T1  - The OMPS Limb Profiler Environmental Data Record Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document and Expected Performance.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/05//May2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2505
EP  - 2527
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The retrieval algorithm for the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) Limb Profiler is described. The goal of the OMPS Limb Profiler is to produce high quality vertical profiles of ozone in the stratosphere and upper troposphere. Additional products include aerosol extinction vertical profiles together with an estimate of the Angstrom coefficient, cloud top height and \NO2 column density. The ozone retrieval algorithm relies on the optimal estimation approach, and uses the Pair/Triplet methodology. Estimates of bias and random errors are presented, together with a brief description of the operational code output products and the planned validation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Algorithm design and analysis
KW  - Atmospheric ozone vertical distribution
KW  - Charge coupled devices
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - Gases
KW  - limb scatter (LS)
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Sensors
KW  - Terrestrial atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 101186430; Rault, Didier F. 1 Loughman, Robert P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Hampton University, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: May2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p2505; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithm design and analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric ozone vertical distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charge coupled devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: limb scatter (LS); Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial atmosphere; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2213093
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101186430&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pineda, Evan J.
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Waas, Anthony M.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Progressive failure of a unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite using the method of cells: Discretization objective computational results
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1203
EP  - 1216
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: The smeared crack band theory is implemented within the high-fidelity generalized method of cells micromechanics model to capture progressive failure within the constituents of a composite material while retaining objectivity with respect to the size of the discretization elements used in the model. Orientation of the crack band is determined using the maximum principal stress. When oriented perpendicular to the maximum principle stress the faces of the cracks in the crack band are subjected to only normal tractions and grow under pure mode I conditions. The traction–separation law governing the behavior of the crack band is related to the mode I fracture toughness, and formation of the crack band is initiated with a maximum stress criterion. Conversely, if the direction of the principal stress with the largest magnitude is compressive, it is assumed that the cracks within the crack band are constrained from growing in mode I. Instead, it is assumed that mode II cracks form within the crack band oriented along the plane of maximum shear stress. A Mohr–Coulomb initiation criterion is utilized to incorporate the effects of the normal tractions acting on the crack faces, and an effective shear traction is defined accordingly. The effective shear traction versus mode II separation law is a function of the mode II fracture toughness. A repeating unit cell containing 13 randomly arranged fibers is modeled and subjected to a combination of transverse tension/compression and transverse shear loading. The implementation is verified against experimental data and an equivalent finite element model that utilizes the same implementation of the crack band theory. Additionally, a sensitivity study is also performed on the effect of the size of the RUC on the stiffness and strength of the RUC. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - MAXIMUM principles (Mathematics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - FRACTURE toughness
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - Cohesive Failure
KW  - Computational mechanics
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Multiscale modeling
KW  - Polymer-matrix composites
N1  - Accession Number: 85876390; Pineda, Evan J. 1 Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1 Waas, Anthony M. 2; Email Address: dcw@umich.edu Arnold, Steven M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 50 Issue 9, p1203; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: MAXIMUM principles (Mathematics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: FRACTURE toughness; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive Failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer-matrix composites; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2012.12.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=85876390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cliff, Susan E.
AU  - Elmiligui, Alaa A.
AU  - Campbell, Richard L.
AU  - Thomas, Scott D.
T1  - Refined Tetrahedral Meshes with Mach Cone Aligned Prisms for Sonic Boom Analysis.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/05//May/Jun2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 778
EP  - 790
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A tetrahedral mesh generation method for acquiring accurate sonic boom pressure signatures several body lengths from an aircraft model has been developed. The method serves as a tool for aerodynamicists to efficiently create useful meshes for sonic boom analysis. The procedure includes generating a refined near-field grid with a cylindrically shaped boundary that encompasses the model just beyond its surface and a prismatic mesh from the cylindrical boundary to the far field. Projecting the boundary in the radial direction and forming prisms between neighboring layer faces creates the prism mesh. Each prism is subdivided into three tetrahedra resulting in a mesh comprised entirely of tetrahedral cells. The prism structure permits radial stretching and mesh alignment with the Mach cone around the aircraft model for accurate on- and offtrack signatures. Computational results for four models compared with experimental data validate this methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 88181986; Cliff, Susan E. 1 Elmiligui, Alaa A. 2 Campbell, Richard L. 2 Thomas, Scott D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23669  3: Dell Services Federal Government, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May/Jun2013, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p778; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031943
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88181986&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Sefidbakht, Siavash
T1  - Three-Dimensional Radiation Ray-Tracing for Shock-Layer Radiative Heating Simulations.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/05//May/Jun2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 485
EP  - 493
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A three-dimensional ray-tracing algorithm is developed for shock-layer radiative heating predictions. When coupled with a tangent slab approximate code, such as the HARA radiation code, this algorithm provides an efficient approach for computing the radiative heating and allows the commonly applied tangent slab approximation to be removed. Application to several Earth- and Mars-entry conditions show that the ray-tracing approach predicts up to 15% lower radiative heating values than the tangent slab approximation at the stagnation point, which is consistent with the results of previous studies. In the afterbody region of Mars entry vehicles, where radiative heating from the CO2 molecule may be larger than convective heating, a 70 % reduction from the tangent-slab result is seen, indicating the inadequacy of the tangent slab approximation in such regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAY tracing algorithms
KW  - ALGORITHMS (Physics)
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Thermodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 88160108; Mazaheri, Alireza 1; Email Address: Mazaheri@nasa.gov Johnston, Christopher O. 1 Sefidbakht, Siavash 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2013, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p485; Subject Term: RAY tracing algorithms; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS (Physics); Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Thermodynamics; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32448
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88160108&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reda, Daniel C.
AU  - Wilder, Michael C.
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh K.
T1  - Transition Experiments on Blunt Cones with Distributed Roughness in Hypersonic Flight.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/05//May/Jun2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 504
EP  - 508
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Blunt cones with smooth nosetips and roughened frusta were flown in the NASA Ames Research Center hypersonic ballistic range at a Mach number of 10 through quiescent air environments. Global surface temperature distributions were optically measured and analyzed to determine transition onset and progression over the roughened frusta. Real-gas Navier-Stokes calculations of model flowfields, including laminar boundary-layer development in these flowfields, were conducted to predict values of key dimensionless parameters used to correlate transition on such configurations in hypersonic flow. It was found that nose bluntness has a major influence on roughness-induced transition onset and progression. For small-bluntness cones, pretest computations showed that values of the roughness Reynolds number increased with increasing distance from the beginning of the roughness elements. Transition onset was first observed on the roughened frusta near the cone base, and the transition front progressed forward with increasing freestream pressure at a constant value of the critical roughness Reynolds number. Conversely, for large-bluntness cones, pretest computations showed that values of the roughness Reynolds number decreased with increasing distance from the beginning of the roughness. Transition onset was again observed near the cone base, but forward progression of the transition front with increasing freestream pressure occurred at ever-increasing values of the roughness Reynolds number, a response characteristic of breakdown to turbulence downstream of a "trip ring" or "trip array." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - CONES -- Hypersonic aerodynamics
KW  - CONES -- Aerodynamics
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 88160110; Reda, Daniel C. 1 Wilder, Michael C. 1 Prabhu, Dinesh K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: May/Jun2013, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p504; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: CONES -- Hypersonic aerodynamics; Subject Term: CONES -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32426
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88160110&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karlgaard, Christopher D.
AU  - Beck, Roger E.
AU  - Derry, Stephen D.
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
AU  - Starr, Brett R.
AU  - Tartabini, Paul V.
AU  - Olds, Aaron D.
T1  - Ares I-X Trajectory Reconstruction: Methodology and Results.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/05//May/Jun2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 641
EP  - 661
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Ares I-X trajectory reconstruction produced best-estimated trajectories of the flight-test vehicle ascent through stage separation and of the first- and upper-stage entries after separation. The trajectory-reconstruction process combines onboard, ground-based, and atmospheric measurements to produce the trajectory estimates, using an iterated extended Kalman filter algorithm. The Ares I-X vehicle had a number of onboard and ground-based sensors that were available, including inertial measurement units, radar, air data, and weather balloons. However, due to problems with calibrations and/or data, not all of the sensor data were used. This paper describes the methodology and results of the trajectory-reconstruction process, including flight-data preprocessing and input uncertainties, trajectory-estimation algorithms and dynamic models, output transformations, and comparisons with preflight predictions. The results of the reconstruction indicate nominal vehicle performance that is well within the range of expected dispersions based on preflight Monte Carlo analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - ARES launch vehicles
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 88160122; Karlgaard, Christopher D. 1 Beck, Roger E. 2 Derry, Stephen D. 3 Brandon, Jay M. 3 Starr, Brett R. 3 Tartabini, Paul V. 3 Olds, Aaron D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Huntsville, Alabama 35806  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  4: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virgina 23666; Source Info: May/Jun2013, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p641; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: ARES launch vehicles; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32345
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88160122&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crespo, Luis G.
AU  - Kenny, Sean P.
AU  - Giesy, Daniel P.
T1  - Reliability analysis of polynomial systems subject to p-box uncertainties.
JO  - Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing
JF  - Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 37
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 121
EP  - 136
SN  - 08883270
AB  - Abstract: This paper proposes a reliability analysis framework for systems subject to multiple design requirements that depend polynomially on uncertain parameters. The values these polynomials take at a given realization of the uncertain parameters dictate whether that realization is a failure or a success point. In this paper, reliability analysis refers to the estimation or bounding of the probability of failure for a given model of the uncertainty. The probability distributions of the uncertain parameters are presumed to belong to a given probability box (also known as a p-box). This does not give sufficient information to determine the failure probability of such a system exactly, but does limit the range of values it might take. Two techniques for bounding this range are proposed herein. In the first approach, we calculate the p-box of the requirements functions by propagating all the hyper-rectangles defined by the p-box of the uncertain parameters. In the second approach, we find inner bounding sets of the safe and failure domains and search for the elements of the p-box that minimize and maximize the probability of such sets. Iterative refinement of the bounding sets allows tightening arbitrarily closely the offset between the actual failure probability range and the calculated outer bound. In both techniques, bounds of the functions describing the design requirements over hyper-rectangular sets are calculated and iteratively refined by expanding them using Bernstein bases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - INFORMATION theory
KW  - Bernstein polynomials
KW  - Extreme-case distributions
KW  - Imprecise probabilities
KW  - p-Boxes
KW  - Reliability analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 88983428; Crespo, Luis G. 1; Email Address: Luis.G.Crespo@nasa.gov Kenny, Sean P. 2 Giesy, Daniel P. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 37 Issue 1/2, p121; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: INFORMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bernstein polynomials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extreme-case distributions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imprecise probabilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: p-Boxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reliability analysis; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.08.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88983428&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Callahan, Michael P.
AU  - Burton, Aaron S.
AU  - Elsila, Jamie E.
AU  - Baker, Eleni M.
AU  - Smith, Karen E.
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
T1  - A search for amino acids and nucleobases in the Martian meteorite Roberts Massif 04262 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 786
EP  - 795
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The investigation into whether Mars contains signatures of past or present life is of great interest to science and society. Amino acids and nucleobases are compounds that are essential for all known life on Earth and are excellent target molecules in the search for potential Martian biomarkers or prebiotic chemistry. Martian meteorites represent the only samples from Mars that can be studied directly in the laboratory on Earth. Here, we analyzed the amino acid and nucleobase content of the shergottite Roberts Massif (RBT) 04262 using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We did not detect any nucleobases above our detection limit in formic acid extracts; however, we did measure a suite of protein and nonprotein amino acids in hot-water extracts with high relative abundances of β-alanine and γ-amino- n-butyric acid. The presence of only low (to absent) levels of several proteinogenic amino acids and a lack of nucleobases suggest that this meteorite fragment is fairly uncontaminated with respect to these common biological compounds. The distribution of straight-chained amine-terminal n-ω-amino acids in RBT 04262 resembled those previously measured in thermally altered carbonaceous meteorites (Burton et al. 2012; Chan et al. 2012). A carbon isotope ratio of −24‰ ± 6‰ for β-alanine in RBT 04262 is in the range of reduced organic carbon previously measured in Martian meteorites (Steele et al. 2012). The presence of n-ω-amino acids may be due to a high temperature Fischer-Tropsch-type synthesis during igneous processing on Mars or impact ejection of the meteorites from Mars, but more experimental data are needed to support these hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - BASE pairs
KW  - MARTIAN meteorites
KW  - LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry
KW  - PREBIOTICS
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
N1  - Accession Number: 87564008; Callahan, Michael P. 1 Burton, Aaron S. 2 Elsila, Jamie E. 1 Baker, Eleni M. 3 Smith, Karen E. 4 Glavin, Daniel P. 1 Dworkin, Jason P. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center and The Goddard Center for Astrobiology  2: NASA Postdoctoral Program Administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities  3: Bullis School  4: Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p786; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: BASE pairs; Subject Term: MARTIAN meteorites; Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry; Subject Term: PREBIOTICS; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12103
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87564008&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D e Gregorio, Bradley T.
AU  - Stroud, Rhonda M.
AU  - Nittler, Larry R.
AU  - Alexander, Conel M. O'D.
AU  - Bassim, Nabil D.
AU  - Cody, George D.
AU  - Kilcoyne, A. L. David
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Milam, Stefanie N.
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - Zega, Thomas J.
T1  - Isotopic and chemical variation of organic nanoglobules in primitive meteorites.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 904
EP  - 928
SN  - 10869379
AB  - Organic nanoglobules are microscopic spherical carbon-rich objects present in chondritic meteorites and other astromaterials. We performed a survey of the morphology, organic functional chemistry, and isotopic composition of 184 nanoglobules in insoluble organic matter ( IOM) residues from seven primitive carbonaceous chondrites. Hollow and solid nanoglobules occur in each IOM residue, as well as globules with unusual shapes and structures. Most nanoglobules have an organic functional chemistry similar to, but slightly more carboxyl-rich than, the surrounding IOM, while a subset of nanoglobules have a distinct, highly aromatic functionality. The range of nanoglobule N isotopic compositions was similar to that of nonglobular 15N-rich hotspots in each IOM residue, but nanoglobules account for only about one third of the total 15N-rich hotspots in each sample. Furthermore, many nanoglobules in each residue contained no 15N enrichment above that of bulk IOM. No morphological indicators were found to robustly distinguish the highly aromatic nanoglobules from those that have a more IOM-like functional chemistry, or to distinguish 15N-rich nanoglobules from those that are isotopically normal. The relative abundance of aromatic nanoglobules was lower, and nanoglobule diameters were greater, in more altered meteorites, suggesting the creation/modification of IOM-like nanoglobules during parent-body processing. However, 15N-rich nanoglobules, including many with highly aromatic functional chemistry, likely reflect preaccretionary isotopic fractionation in cold molecular cloud or protostellar environments. These data indicate that no single formation mechanism can explain all of the observed characteristics of nanoglobules, and their properties are likely a result of multiple processes occurring in a variety of environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - CARBON
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - FORMATIONS (Geology)
KW  - CARBOXYL group
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 87564013; D e Gregorio, Bradley T. 1,2 Stroud, Rhonda M. 2 Nittler, Larry R. 3 Alexander, Conel M. O'D. 3 Bassim, Nabil D. 2 Cody, George D. 4 Kilcoyne, A. L. David 5 Sandford, Scott A. 6 Milam, Stefanie N. 7 Nuevo, Michel 6,8 Zega, Thomas J. 9; Affiliation:  1: Nova Research, Inc.  2: Materials Science and Technology Division, Naval Research Laboratory  3: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington  4: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington  5: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  6: NASA Ames Research Center  7: Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  8: SETI Institute  9: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p904; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: FORMATIONS (Geology); Subject Term: CARBOXYL group; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Number of Pages: 25p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 8 Charts, 7 Graphs, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12109
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filippova, S.
AU  - Surgucheva, N.
AU  - Kulikov, E.
AU  - Sorokin, V.
AU  - Akimov, V.
AU  - Bej, A.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Andersen, D.
AU  - Galchenko, V.
T1  - Detection of phage infection in the bacterial population of Lake Untersee (Antarctica).
JO  - Microbiology (00262617)
JF  - Microbiology (00262617)
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 82
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 383
EP  - 386
SN  - 00262617
AB  - The article presents information on a study conducted to determine the importance of bacteriophage population of aerobic microorganism in Untersee lake located in Antarctica. The study revealed the importance of bacteriophages in the formation of microbiota as well as maintenance of biogeochemical and ecological processes which occurs in the aquatic ecosystems.
KW  - BACTERIOPHAGES
KW  - AEROBIC bacteria
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - CONSTANCE, Lake
KW  - ANTARCTICA
N1  - Accession Number: 88060434; Filippova, S. 1; Email Address: svfilipova@mail.ru Surgucheva, N. 1 Kulikov, E. 1 Sorokin, V. 1 Akimov, V. Bej, A. 2 McKay, C. 3 Andersen, D. 4 Galchenko, V. 1; Email Address: valgalch@inmi.host.ru; Affiliation:  1: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology of Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7, k. 1 Moscow 117312 Russia  2: 1300 University Blvd CH103, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham 35294 USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, Ames 94035 USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100 Mountain View 94043 USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 82 Issue 3, p383; Subject Term: BACTERIOPHAGES; Subject Term: AEROBIC bacteria; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: CONSTANCE, Lake; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1134/S0026261713030041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Farrah, D.
AU  - Oliver, S. J.
AU  - Amblard, A.
AU  - Béthermin, M.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Conley, A.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Halpern, M.
AU  - Heinis, S.
AU  - Ibar, E.
AU  - Ilbert, O.
AU  - Ivison, R. J.
AU  - Marsden, G.
AU  - Roseboom, I. G.
AU  - Rowan-Robinson, M.
AU  - Schulz, B.
AU  - Smith, A. J.
AU  - Viero, M.
AU  - Zemcov, M.
T1  - Connecting stellar mass and star-formation rate to dark matter halo mass out to z ∼ 2.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 431
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 648
EP  - 661
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We have constructed an extended halo model (EHM) which relates the total stellar mass and star-formation rate (SFR) to halo mass (Mh). An empirical relation between the distribution functions of total stellar mass of galaxies and host halo mass, tuned to match the spatial density of galaxies over 0 < z < 2 and the clustering properties at z ∼ 0, is extended to include two different scenarios describing the variation of SFR on Mh. We also present new measurements of the redshift evolution of the average SFR for star-forming galaxies of different stellar masses up to z = 2, using data from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey for infrared bright galaxies.Combining the EHM with the halo accretion histories from numerical simulations, we trace the stellar mass growth and star-formation history in haloes spanning a range of masses. We find that: (1) the intensity of the star-forming activity in haloes in the probed mass range has steadily decreased from z ∼ 2 to 0; (2) at a given epoch, haloes in the mass range between a few times 1011 M⊙ and a few times 1012 M⊙ are the most efficient at hosting star formation; (3) the peak of SFR density shifts to lower mass haloes over time; and (4) galaxies that are forming stars most actively at z ∼ 2 evolve into quiescent galaxies in today's group environments, strongly supporting previous claims that the most powerful starbursts at z ∼ 2 are progenitors of today's elliptical galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - DARK matter (Astronomy)
KW  - ELLIPTICAL galaxies
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - cosmology: observations
KW  - infrared: galaxies
KW  - large-scale structure of Universe
KW  - methods: statistical
N1  - Accession Number: 100506163; Wang, L. 1,2 Farrah, D. 1,3 Oliver, S. J. 1 Amblard, A. 4 Béthermin, M. 5,6 Bock, J. 7,8 Conley, A. 9 Cooray, A. 7,10 Halpern, M. 11 Heinis, S. 12 Ibar, E. 13 Ilbert, O. 12 Ivison, R. J. 13,14 Marsden, G. 11 Roseboom, I. G. 1,14 Rowan-Robinson, M. 15 Schulz, B. 7,16 Smith, A. J. 1 Viero, M. 7 Zemcov, M. 7,8; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK  2: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  3: Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA  4: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, CE-Saclay, pt courrier 131, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  6: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), bâtiment 121, Université Paris-Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), F-91405 Orsay, France  7: California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy 389-UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  10: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  11: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  12: Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, OAMP, Université Aix-marseille, CNRS, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille cedex 13, France  13: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  14: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  15: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK  16: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, MS 100-22, California Institute of Technology, JPL, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 431 Issue 1, p648; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: DARK matter (Astronomy); Subject Term: ELLIPTICAL galaxies; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale structure of Universe; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Temkin, A.
AU  - Shertzer, J.
T1  - Electron scattering from excited states of hydrogen: Implications for the ionization threshold law.
JO  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2013/05//
VL  - 87
IS  - 5-A
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 10502947
AB  - The elastic scattering wave function for electrons scattered from the Nlh excited state of hydrogen is the final state of the matrix element for excitation of that state. This paper deals with the solution of that problem primarily in the context of the Temkin-Poet (TP) model [A. Temkin, Phys. Rev. 126, 130 (1962); R. Poet, J. Phys. B 11, 3081 (1978)], wherein only the radial parts of the interaction are included. The relevant potential for the outer electron is dominated by the Hartree potential, VHN(r). In the first part of the paper, VHN(r) is approximated by a potential VHN(r), for which the scattering equation can be analytically solved. The results allow formal analytical continuation of N into the continuum, so that the ionization threshold law can be deduced. Because the analytic continuation involves going from N to an imaginary function of the momentum of the inner electron, the threshold law turns out to be an exponentially damped function of the available energy E, in qualitative accord with the result of Macek and Ihra [J. H. Macek and W. Ihra, Phys. Rev. A 55, 2024 (1997)] for the TP model. Thereafter, the scattering equation for the Hartree potential VHN(r) is solved numerically. The numerical aspects of these calculations have proven to be challenging and required several developments for the difficulties to be overcome. The results for VHN(r) show only a simple energy-dependent shift from the approximate potential VHN(r), which therefore does not change the analytic continuation and the form of the threshold law. It is concluded that the relevant optical potential must be included in order to compare directly with the analytic result of Macek and Ihra. The paper concludes with discussions of (a) a quantum mechanical interpretation of the result, and (b) the outlook of this approach for the complete problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON scattering
KW  - EXCITED states
KW  - HYDROGEN atom
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - ELASTIC scattering
KW  - NUCLEAR models
KW  - POTENTIAL energy
N1  - Accession Number: 88267866; Temkin, A. 1 Shertzer, J. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  2: College of Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610, USA  3: ITA MP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 87 Issue 5-A, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRON scattering; Subject Term: EXCITED states; Subject Term: HYDROGEN atom; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: ELASTIC scattering; Subject Term: NUCLEAR models; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.052718
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Kaltenegger, Lisa
AU  - Rowe, Jason
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Fischer, Debra
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel
AU  - Desert, Jean-Michel
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Bastien, Fabienne
AU  - Boss, Alan
AU  - Brugamyer, Erik
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Burke, Chris
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
T1  - Kepler-62: A Five-Planet System with Planets of 1.4 and 1.6 Earth Radii in the Habitable Zone.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/05/03/
VL  - 340
IS  - 6132
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 590
SN  - 00368075
AB  - We present the detection of five planets—Kepler-62b, c, d, e, and f—of size 1.31, 0.54, 1.95,1.61 and 1.41 Earth radii (R...), orbiting a K2V star at periods of 5.7, 12.4, 18.2, 122.4, and 267.3 days, respectively. The outermost planets, Kepler-62e and -62f, are super-Earth-size (1.25 R... < planet radius < 2.0 R...) planets in the habitable zone of their host star, respectively receiving 1.2 ± 0.2 times and 0.41 ± 0.05 times the solar flux at Earth's orbit. Theoretical models of Kepler-62e and -62f for a stellar age of - 7 billion years suggest that both planets could be solid, either with a rocky composition or composed of mostly solid water in their bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - STARS with planets
KW  - PLANETS -- Diameters
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 87534265; Borucki, William J. 1 Agol, Eric 2 Fressin, Francois 3 Kaltenegger, Lisa 3,4 Rowe, Jason 5 Isaacson, Howard 6 Fischer, Debra 7 Batalha, Natalie 1 Lissauer, Jack J. 1 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 6 Fabrycky, Daniel 8,9 Desert, Jean-Michel 3 Bryson, Stephen T. 1 Barclay, Thomas 10 Bastien, Fabienne 11 Boss, Alan 12 Brugamyer, Erik 13 Buchhave, Lars A. 14,15 Burke, Chris 5 Caldwell, Douglas A. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Max Planck Institute of Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany  5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  7: Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  8: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  9: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  10: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  12: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA  13: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  14: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  15: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Source Info: 5/3/2013, Vol. 340 Issue 6132, p587; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: STARS with planets; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Diameters; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1234702
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoonessi, Mitra
AU  - Scheiman, Daniel A.
AU  - Dittler, Matthew
AU  - Peck, John A.
AU  - Ilavsky, Jan
AU  - Gaier, James R.
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
T1  - High-temperature multifunctional magnetoactive nickel graphene polyimide nanocomposites.
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2013/05/09/
VL  - 54
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2776
EP  - 2784
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Abstract: Composite Nickel graphene nanoparticles with hybrid magnetic and electrical properties were prepared. Nickel nanoparticles were tethered to the graphene through a carbon layers and were covered with an amorphous carbon layer to protect them from oxidation. Ni-graphene polyimide nanocomposites were prepared and exhibited magnetic characteristics and high electrical conductivity. The saturation magnetization of the polyimide nanocomposites increased with increasing magnetic nanoparticle content. First order reversal curve (FORC) magnetization showed a bimodal size distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles. Ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) of the nickel nanoparticles in Ni-graphene polyimide nanocomposites were estimated by a sphere model with bimodal size distribution. Nickel graphene nanoparticles were examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) where two size ranges of nickel were observed. Ni-graphene nanoparticles were well dispersed in the polyimide resin when examined by HR-TEM. Ni-graphene polyimide nanocomposites exhibited magnetic actuation when exposed to a static magnetic field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHENE -- Crystallography
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - X-ray scattering
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopes
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - ELECTRIC properties
KW  - Hybrid nanoparticles
KW  - Polymer actuators
KW  - Polymer nanocomposites
N1  - Accession Number: 89088454; Yoonessi, Mitra 1; Email Address: mitra.yoonessi@gmail.com Scheiman, Daniel A. 2 Dittler, Matthew 3 Peck, John A. 4 Ilavsky, Jan 5 Gaier, James R. 3 Meador, Michael A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: ASRC, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  5: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 54 Issue 11, p2776; Subject Term: GRAPHENE -- Crystallography; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: X-ray scattering; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopes; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: ELECTRIC properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid nanoparticles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer nanocomposites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.03.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Liu, Xu
AU  - Smith, William L.
T1  - Geophysical information from advanced Sounder InfraRed spectral radiance.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 223
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global observations of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring capability, and environmental change detection. Satisfying this type of improvement for inferred geophysical information from these observations requires optimal usage of data from current systems as well as enhancements to future sensors. This presentation addresses the information content present in infrared spectral radiance from advanced atmospheric sounders with an emphasis on knowledge of thermodynamic state and trace species. Results of trade-off studies conducted to evaluate the impact of spectral resolution, spectral coverage, instrument noise, and a priori knowledge on remote sensing system information content will be discussed in this manuscript. A focus is placed on information achievable from the Atmospheric Infra Red Sounder (AIRS) on the NASA EOS Aqua satellite in orbit since 2002, the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) aboard MetOp-A since 2006, and the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) instrument aboard the NPP and JPSS series of satellites which began 28 October 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC acoustics
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - REMOTE sensing -- Atmospheric effects
N1  - Accession Number: 87545227; Larar, Allen M. 1 Zhou, Daniel K. 1 Liu, Xu 1 Smith, William L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  2: Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA and University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p220; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC acoustics; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing -- Atmospheric effects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804746
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wen, Guoyong
AU  - Marshak, Alexander
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Levy, Robert
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Várnai, Tamás
AU  - Cahalan, Robert F.
T1  - Correction of MODIS aerosol retrieval for 3D radiative effects in broken cloud fields.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 283
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Retrieval of aerosol properties near clouds from reflected sunlight is rather challenging. Sunlight reflected from clouds can effectively enhance the reflectance from clear regions nearby. Ignoring cloud 3D radiative adjacency effects can lead to large biases in aerosol retrievals, resulting incorrect interpretation of satellite observations for aerosolcloud interaction. We have developed a simple model to compute cloud-induced radiance enhancement due to radiative interaction between boundary layer clouds and the molecular layer above it. Here we apply this method to broken cloud fields acquired from MODIS. We use CERES observations combined with radiative transfer models to derive visible narrowband radiative fluxes for estimating the radiance enhancement. With the corrected spectral radiances as input to the MODIS aerosol retrieval algorithm, we compute the corrected aerosol optical thicknesses (AOT). We compare the corrected AOT with the original ones to assess the performance of our approach. We further discuss issues in the current correction method and plans to validate the algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - RADIOACTIVE aerosols
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - RADIATIVE corrections
KW  - SUNSHINE
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 87545400; Wen, Guoyong 1 Marshak, Alexander 2 Remer, Lorraine 3 Levy, Robert 4 Loeb, Norman 5 Várnai, Tamás 6 Cahalan, Robert F. 2; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA and Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD,  2: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771,  3: JCET, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD,  4: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA and Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD,  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA,  6: Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA and JCET, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p280; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE aerosols; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: RADIATIVE corrections; Subject Term: SUNSHINE; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804761
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545400&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parol, F.
AU  - Riedi, J.
AU  - Vanbauce, C.
AU  - Cornet, C.
AU  - Zeng, S.
AU  - Thieuleux, F.
AU  - Henriot, N.
T1  - Climatology of POLDER/PARASOL cloud properties.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 352
EP  - 355
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Since December 2004 the CNES PARASOL (Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science coupled with Observations from a Lidar) mission has been flying in the A-Train constellation. More than seven years of data have been routinely acquired and processed by the PARASOL/POLDER ground segment (CNES) and by ICARE Data Center in Lille, France. PARASOL's unique spectral, directional and polarization capabilities give powerful constraints to the cloud retrieval scheme. They allow derivation of classical cloud properties (amount, optical depth, altitude or pressure, albedo) with state of the art performance but also provide original information (thermodynamic phase, angular variability of properties, heterogeneity parameter, etc.). Climatology of cloud fraction and cloud optical thickness have been realized over the 2005-2011 period. Some results and comparisons to MODIS are shown for the year 2008. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 87545441; Parol, F. 1 Riedi, J. 1 Vanbauce, C. 1 Cornet, C. 1 Zeng, S. 2 Thieuleux, F. 1 Henriot, N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université Lille 1, Cité Scientifique, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA,  3: ICARE Data Center, Université Lille1, Cité Scientifique, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p352; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804779
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545441&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
AU  - Winker, Dave M.
AU  - Dubuisson, Philippe
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Pascal, Nicolas
T1  - Cirrus cloud properties from combined IIR and lidar observations of CALIPSO.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 408
EP  - 411
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Cirrus clouds are of particular importance for the understanding and the survey of climate change due to their impact on the Earth radiation budget. However, their optical and microphysical properties are still poorly known. The NASA-CNES CALIPSO mission provides new pieces of information by combining observations of active (lidar) and passive (radiometer) remote sensing instruments. Cirrus cloud optical depths derived in the thermal infrared (12 μm) from the IIR are found in excellent agreement with those retrieved in the visible spectrum (532 nm) from the CALIOP lidar, down to optical depths smaller than 0.05. The ice water paths derived from the two instruments use very different approaches, and show a highly correlated linear relationship. On average, CALIOP retrievals are 1.7 times larger than IIR estimates, requiring further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - LINEAR systems
KW  - SURVEYS
N1  - Accession Number: 87545221; Garnier, Anne 1 Pelon, Jacques 2 Winker, Dave M. 3 Dubuisson, Philippe 4 Vaughan, Mark A. 3 Pascal, Nicolas 5; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666, USA and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IPSL, LATMOS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05,  2: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IPSL, LATMOS, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05,  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199,  4: Université Lille 1, CNRS, LOA, Bât P5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex,  5: ICARE/Hygeos, Université Lille 1, Avenue Paul Langevin, 59650 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p408; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: LINEAR systems; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804793
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545221&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Josset, D.
AU  - Doppler, L.
AU  - Waquet, F.
AU  - Seze, G.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Fischer, J.
AU  - Ravetta, F.
AU  - Tsamalis, C.
AU  - Zhai, P.
T1  - Aerosol radiative forcing over liquid water clouds based on A-Train synergies and active/passive polarized observations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 439
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We used the A-Train observations as inputs of the Matrix Operator MOdel to study the effect of aerosol forcing above bright liquid water clouds in the Gulf of Guinea and to determine the vertical profile of heating rates within the aerosol layer. Special emphases are put on recently developed polarization based methodologies. METEOSAT geostationary observations are used to estimate the diurnal variation of the cloud cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Laser observations
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 87545444; Josset, D. 1 Doppler, L. 2 Waquet, F. 3 Seze, G. 4 Pelon, J. 5 Hu, Y. 6 Fischer, J. 7 Ravetta, F. 5 Tsamalis, C. 4 Zhai, P. 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  2: UPMC/LATMOS 4, Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris, France and Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Space Science, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195 Berlin,  3: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique / CNRS Lille,  4: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique / IPSL / CNRS, Paris,  5: UPMC/LATMOS 4, Place Jussieu, 75252, Paris,  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  7: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Space Science, Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18, 14195 Berlin,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p436; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Laser observations; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804800
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raschke, E.
AU  - Stackhouse, P.
AU  - Kinne, S.
AU  - Contributors from Europe and the USA
T1  - An overview of results from the GEWEX radiation flux assessment.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 616
EP  - 619
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Multi-annual radiative flux averages of the International Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), of the GEWEX - Surface Radiation Budget Project (SRB) and of the Clouds and Earth Radiative Energy System (CERES) are compared and analyzed to characterize the Earth's radiative budget, assess differences and identify possible causes. These satellite based data-sets are also compared to results of a median model, which represents 20 climate models, that participated in the 4th IPCC assessment. Consistent distribution patterns and seasonal variations among the satellite data-sets demonstrate their scientific value, which would further increase if the datasets would be reanalyzed with more accurate and consistent ancillary data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - DATA analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 87545260; Raschke, E. 1 Stackhouse, P. 2 Kinne, S. 3 Contributors from Europe and the USA; Affiliation:  1: University of Hamburg, Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany and Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg,  2: Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton VA,  3: Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p616; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804845
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545260&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wild, Martin
AU  - Folini, Doris
AU  - Schär, Christoph
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Dutton, Ellsworth G.
AU  - König-Langlo, Gert
T1  - A new diagram of the global energy balance.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 628
EP  - 631
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Here we provide a new assessment of the global mean energy fluxes from a surface perspective and present an associated diagram of the global mean energy balance, adapted from the study by Wild et al. (2013) [1] with two slight modifications as outlined in this paper. The radiative energy exchanges between Sun, Earth and space are now accurately quantified from new satellite missions. Much less has been known about the magnitude of the energy flows within the climate system and at the Earth surface, which cannot be directly measured by satellites. In addition to satellite observations, we make extensive use of the growing number of surface observations to constrain the global energy balance not only from space, but also from the surface. We combine these observations with the latest modeling efforts performed for the 5th IPCC assessment report to infer best estimates for the global mean surface radiative components. Our analyses favor global mean downward surface solar and thermal radiation values near 185 and 342 Wm-2, respectively, which are most compatible with surface observations. Combined with an estimated surface absorbed solar radiation and thermal emission of 161 Wm-2 and 398 Wm-2, respectively, this leaves 105 Wm-2 of surface net radiation available for distribution amongst the non-radiative surface energy balance components. Considering an imbalance of 0.6 Wm-2, the global mean sensible and latent heat fluxes are estimated at 20 and 84 Wm-2, respectively, to close the surface energy balance. The global mean surface radiative fluxes derived here in combination with a latent heat flux of 84 Wm-2 may be able to reconcile currently disputed inconsistencies between energy and water cycle estimates. The findings of this study are compiled into a new global energy balance diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - WATER bikes
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change
N1  - Accession Number: 87545265; Wild, Martin 1; Email Address: martin.wild@env.ethz.ch Folini, Doris 1 Schär, Christoph 1 Loeb, Norman 2 Dutton, Ellsworth G. 3 König-Langlo, Gert 4; Affiliation:  1: ETH Zurich, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Zurich,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681-2199,  3: NOAA/ESRL, R/GMD, 325 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80305,  4: Alfred Wegener Institute, Bussestrasse 24, D-27570 Bremerhaven,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p628; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Subject Term: WATER bikes; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Company/Entity: INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804848
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545265&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Taiping
AU  - Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
T1  - The NASA GEWEX surface radiation budget project: Dataset validation and climatic signal identification.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 636
EP  - 639
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA GEWEX-SRB (Global Energy and Water cycle Experiment - Surface Radiation Budget) project has produced and archived shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere (TOA) and the Earth's surface at a 1° × 1° resolution continuously for a time span of 24.5 years from July 1983 to December 2007. The latest version of the data in archive is Release 3.0 and is available as 3-hourly, daily and monthly means. Through August, 2011, the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) archive has 5969 site-months of ground-measured data from 52 sites around the globe. We first performed quality-check on the original BSRN data and, then processed the data to produce 3-hourly, 3-hourly-monthly, daily and monthly means. The SRB-BSRN comparisons show generally good agreement for both the shortwave and longwave downward fluxes at the Earth's surface. It is found that signals of large-scale climatic variation, such as El Niño Southern Oscillation, can be identified through EOF analysis. Polynomial fitting of order 3 for Southern and Northern Hemispheric and global mean downward shortwave fluxes from 1984 to 2007 shows variability consistent with global dimming through 1980s and brightening thereafter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SOUTHERN oscillation
KW  - GLOBAL dimming
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - EL Nino Current
N1  - Accession Number: 87545338; Zhang, Taiping 1 Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W. 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Cox, Stephen J. 1 Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 927, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p636; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SOUTHERN oscillation; Subject Term: GLOBAL dimming; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: EL Nino Current; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804850
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545338&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oikawa, Eiji
AU  - Nakajima, Teruyuki
AU  - Inoue, Toshiro
AU  - Winker, David
T1  - A study of the aerosol direct forcing using ESSP/CALIPSO observation and GCM simulation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 708
EP  - 711
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Shortwave direct aerosol radiative forcing (SWDARF) at the top-of the atmosphere (TOA) under clear-sky, cloudy-sky, and all-sky conditions are calculated using data of space-borne CALIOP lidar and MODIS sensor and simulation result of a global aerosol model, SPRINTARS. We investigate four scenarios for evaluating the SWDARF using both an observational and model approach: clear-sky, the case that aerosols exist above clouds, the case that aerosols exist below high-level clouds, and the case that aerosols are not detected by CALIOP in cloudy-sky condition. The cloudy-sky SWDARF is estimated by the latter three scenarios. The all-sky SWDARF is the combination of clearsky and cloudy-sky SWDARF weighted by the cloud occurrence. The results show that the TOA forcing over desert regions caused by dust with single scattering albedo (SSA) of 0.92 is positive regardless of cloud existence, due to high solar surface albedo. Off southern Africa, smoke aerosols with SSA of 0.84 above low-level clouds are observed and simulated and the annual mean cloudy-sky SWDARF is estimated at more than +2 Wm-2, as consistent with past studies. Annual zonal averages of SWDARF from 60°S to 60°N under clear-sky, cloudy-sky, and all-sky are -3.72, -1.13, and -2.07 Wm-2 from CALIOP, and -2.78, +1.07, and -0.58 Wm-2 from SPRINTARS. The difference of aerosol loading and occurrence probability in the case that aerosols exist above clouds changes the sign of all-sky and cloudy-sky SWDARF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Mathematical models
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - SHORTWAVE radio
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 87545456; Oikawa, Eiji 1 Nakajima, Teruyuki 1 Inoue, Toshiro 1 Winker, David 2; Affiliation:  1: Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p708; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: SHORTWAVE radio; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804868
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545456&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shrestha, A. K.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Bedka, K. M.
AU  - Miller, W. F.
AU  - Wong, T.
AU  - Rutan, D. A.
AU  - Smith, G. L.
AU  - Fernandez, J. R.
AU  - Loeb, N.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Doelling, D. R.
T1  - Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) reprocessing using Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) angular distribution models.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 1531
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 712
EP  - 715
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - NASA's Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE) scanning broadband radiometers flew on board the NOAA 9 (Feb 1985 to Jan 1987) and NOAA 10 (Jan 1987 to May 1989) and measured broadband shortwave (∼0.2 μm to 5 μm), longwave (5 μm to 50 μm) and total radiances. While the observations provided solid evidence of the cooling effect on the Earth system by clouds, the uncertainty of cloud radiative effects by region or by cloud type is large compared to those derived more recently from NASA's Clouds and the Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES) observations. In ERBE, top-of-atmosphere (TOA) irradiances were derived by applying 12 scene-type dependent angular distribution models (ADMs). Scene type viewed by ERBE scanners was estimated from broadband radiances using a maximum likelihood estimate method [1]. In this study, we use data taken by Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the NOAA-9 satellite to derive cloud properties similar to those produced by the CERES cloud algorithm that utilizes Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data collocated with CERES footprints. This allows direct application of newer CERES ADMs to ERBE scanner radiances, which in turn reduces the uncertainty in the TOA irradiances. We describe the process of applying CERES ADMs and a comparison of the reprocessed data with original ERBE data. The reprocessing of 4 months of NOAA-9 measurements indicated increase in the global monthly mean shortwave TOA irradiance by ∼4%, while longwave TOA irradiance decreased by ∼0.5%, compared to irradiances derived from ERBE ADMs. These differences are largely caused by the pixel sizes of AVHRR and MODIS that yield different cloud type probability distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MAXIMUM likelihood statistics
KW  - SHORTWAVE radio
KW  - COMPUTER software
N1  - Accession Number: 87545403; Shrestha, A. K. 1 Kato, S. 2 Bedka, K. M. 1 Miller, W. F. 1 Wong, T. 2 Rutan, D. A. 1 Smith, G. L. 1 Fernandez, J. R. 1 Loeb, N. 2 Minnis, P. 2 Doelling, D. R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1531 Issue 1, p712; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MAXIMUM likelihood statistics; Subject Term: SHORTWAVE radio; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4804869
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87545403&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BARCLAY, THOMAS
AU  - BURKE, CHRISTOPHER J.
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - HUBER, DANIEL
AU  - ISAACSON, HOWARD
AU  - JENKINS, JONM.
AU  - KOLBL, REA
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
AU  - QUINTANA, ELISA V.
AU  - STILL, MARTIN
AU  - TWICKEN, JOSEPH D.
AU  - BRYSON, STEPHEN T.
AU  - BORUCKI, WILLIAM J.
AU  - CALDWELL, DOUGLAS A.
AU  - CIARDI, DAVID
AU  - CLARKE, BRUCE D.
AU  - CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE L.
AU  - COUGHLIN, JEFFREY L.
AU  - FISCHER, DEBRA A.
T1  - A SUPER-EARTH-SIZED PLANET ORBITING IN OR NEAR THE HABITABLE ZONE AROUND A SUN-LIKE STAR.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/05/10/
VL  - 768
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery of a super-Earth-sized planet in or near the habitable zone of a Sun-like star. The host is Kepler-69, a 13.7 mag G4V-type star. We detect two periodic sets of transit signals in the 3-year flux time series of Kepler-69, obtained with the Kepler spacecraft. Using the very high precision Kepler photometry, and follow-up observations, our confidence that these signals represent planetary transits is >99.3%. The inner planet, Kepler-69b, has a radius of 2.24+0.44-0.29 R☉ and orbits the host star every 13.7 days. The outer planet, Kepler-69c, is a super-Earth-sized object with a radius of 1.7+0.34-0.23 R☉ and an orbital period of 242.5 days. Assuming an Earth-like Bond albedo, Kepler-69c has an equilibrium temperature of 299 ± 19 K, which places the planet close to the habitable zone around the host star. This is the smallest planet found by Kepler to be orbiting in or near the habitable zone of a Sun-like star and represents an important step on the path to finding the first true Earth analog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual (Kepler-69 KIC 8692861 KOI-172)
KW  - stars: statistics
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90098676; BARCLAY, THOMAS 1,2 BURKE, CHRISTOPHER J. 1,3 HOWELL, STEVE B. 1 ROWE, JASON F. 1,3 HUBER, DANIEL 1 ISAACSON, HOWARD 4 JENKINS, JONM. 1,3 KOLBL, REA 4 MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 4 QUINTANA, ELISA V. 1,3 STILL, MARTIN 1,2 TWICKEN, JOSEPH D. 1,3 BRYSON, STEPHEN T. 1 BORUCKI, WILLIAM J. 1 CALDWELL, DOUGLAS A. 1,3 CIARDI, DAVID 5 CLARKE, BRUCE D. 1,3 CHRISTIANSEN, JESSIE L. 1,3 COUGHLIN, JEFFREY L. 1,3 FISCHER, DEBRA A. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 1st Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Source Info: 5/10/2013, Vol. 768 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (Kepler-69 KIC 8692861 KOI-172); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/768/2/101
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90098676&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Kim, Beomseok
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - A carbon nanotube based ammonia sensor on cotton textile.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/05/13/
VL  - 102
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 193104
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A single-wall carbon nanotube (CNT) based ammonia (NH3) sensor was implemented on a cotton yarn. Two types of sensors were fabricated: Au/sensing CNT/Au and conducting/sensing/conducting all CNT structures. Two perpendicular Au wires were designed to contact CNT-cotton yarn for metal-CNT sensor, whereas nanotubes were used for the electrode as well as sensing material for the all CNT sensor. The resistance shift of the CNT network upon NH3 was monitored in a chemiresistor approach. The CNT-cotton yarn sensors exhibited uniformity and repeatability. Furthermore, the sensors displayed good mechanical robustness against bending. The present approach can be utilized for low-cost smart textile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - PLANT fibers
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - NANORODS
KW  - COTTON textiles
N1  - Accession Number: 87655986; Han, Jin-Woo 1 Kim, Beomseok 1 Li, Jing 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: 5/13/2013, Vol. 102 Issue 19, p193104; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: PLANT fibers; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: NANORODS; Subject Term: COTTON textiles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313220 Narrow Fabric Mills and Schiffli Machine Embroidery; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4805025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mignolet, Marc P.
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Spottswood, S. Michael
T1  - A review of indirect/non-intrusive reduced order modeling of nonlinear geometric structures
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2013/05/13/
VL  - 332
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2437
EP  - 2460
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: The paper presents a review of reduced order modeling (ROM) techniques for geometrically nonlinear structures, more specifically of those techniques that are applicable to structural models constructed using commercial finite element software. The form of the ROM governing equations, the estimation of their parameters, and the selection of the basis functions are reviewed in detail and comparisons of predicted displacements and stresses obtained by the ROM and the full order, finite element models are presented. These ROM methods and validations are extended next to multidisciplinary problems in which the structure is subjected to thermal effects or interacts with the aerodynamics/acoustics. These various applications demonstrate the usefulness and appropriateness of ROMs as computationally efficient alternatives to full finite element models for the accurate prediction of the geometrically nonlinear response of the structures considered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - GEOMETRICAL constructions
KW  - EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - LITERATURE reviews
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 85879869; Mignolet, Marc P. 1; Email Address: marc.mignolet@asu.edu Przekop, Adam 2 Rizzi, Stephen A. 3 Spottswood, S. Michael 4; Affiliation:  1: SEMTE, Faculties of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6106, USA  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: AFRL/RQSS Structural Sciences Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433-7402, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 332 Issue 10, p2437; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: GEOMETRICAL constructions; Subject Term: EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: LITERATURE reviews; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2012.10.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lorenzo, C. F.
AU  - Hartley, T. T.
AU  - Malti, R.
T1  - Application of the principal fractional meta-trigonometric functions for the solution of linear commensurate-order time-invariant fractional differential equations.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2013/05/13/
VL  - 371
IS  - 1990
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 7
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - A new and simplified method for the solution of linear constant coefficient fractional differential equations of any commensurate order is presented. The solutions are based on the R-function and on specialized Laplace transform pairs derived from the principal fractional meta-trigonometric functions. The new method simplifies the solution of such fractional differential equations and presents the solutions in the form of real functions as opposed to fractional complex exponential functions, and thus is directly applicable to real-world physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - LAPLACE transformation
KW  - TRIGONOMETRIC functions
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - EXPONENTIAL functions
KW  - fractional differential equations
KW  - fractional meta-trigonometric functions
KW  - R-function
N1  - Accession Number: 92949873; Lorenzo, C. F. 1; Email Address: carl.f.lorenzo@nasa.gov Hartley, T. T. 2 Malti, R. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA;  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3904, USA  3: Université de Bordeaux, IMS UMR 5218 CNRS, 351 cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France; Source Info: 5/13/2013, Vol. 371 Issue 1990, p7; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: LAPLACE transformation; Subject Term: TRIGONOMETRIC functions; Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: EXPONENTIAL functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractional differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractional meta-trigonometric functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: R-function; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 167
L3  - 10.1098/rsta.2012.0151
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, F.
AU  - Coughlin, D.R.
AU  - Phillips, P.J.
AU  - Yang, L.
AU  - Devaraj, A.
AU  - Kovarik, L.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
T1  - Structure analysis of a precipitate phase in an Ni-rich high-temperature NiTiHf shape memory alloy.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/05/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3335
EP  - 3346
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: Thermal aging of the high-temperature shape memory alloy 50.3Ni–29.7Ti–20Hf (at.%) introduces a novel precipitate phase that plays an important role in improving shape memory properties. The precipitate phase was investigated by conventional electron diffraction, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) and three-dimensional atom probe tomography. An unrelaxed orthorhombic atomic structural model is proposed based on these observations. This model was subsequently relaxed by ab initio calculations. As a result of the relaxation, atom shuffle displacements occur, which in turn yields improved agreement with the STEM images. The relaxed structure, which is termed the “H phase”, has also been verified to be thermodynamically stable at 0K. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - SCANNING transmission electron microscopy
KW  - ATOMIC structure
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - Ab initio electron theory
KW  - Crystal structure
KW  - High-angle annular dark field (HAADF)
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory alloys (SMAs)
N1  - Accession Number: 89162398; Yang, F. 1; Email Address: yang.1052@osu.edu Coughlin, D.R. 1 Phillips, P.J. 2 Yang, L. 1 Devaraj, A. 3 Kovarik, L. 3 Noebe, R.D. 4 Mills, M.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 61 Issue 9, p3335; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; Subject Term: ATOMIC structure; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ab initio electron theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-angle annular dark field (HAADF); Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys (SMAs); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.02.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beaudoin, A.J.
AU  - Obstalecki, M.
AU  - Tayon, W.
AU  - Hernquist, M.
AU  - Mudrock, R.
AU  - Kenesei, P.
AU  - Lienert, U.
T1  - In situ assessment of lattice strain in an Al–Li alloy.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/05/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3456
EP  - 3464
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The lattice strains of individual grains are measured in an Al–Li alloy, AA 2195, using high-energy X-ray diffraction at a synchrotron source. The diffraction of individual grains in this highly textured production alloy was isolated through use of a depth-defining aperture. It is shown that hydrostatic stress, and in turn the stress triaxiality, can vary significantly from grain to grain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ALUMINUM-lithium alloys
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SYNCHROTRONS
KW  - HYDROSTATIC stress
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - Aluminum alloy
KW  - In situ tension test
KW  - Material properties
KW  - Synchrotron diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 89162409; Beaudoin, A.J. 1; Email Address: abeaudoi@illinois.edu Obstalecki, M. 2; Email Address: mo362@cornell.edu Tayon, W. 3; Email Address: wesley.a.tayon@nasa.gov Hernquist, M. 4; Email Address: mark.hernquist@gmail.com Mudrock, R. 5; Email Address: rstorer87@gmail.com Kenesei, P. 6; Email Address: kenesei@aps.anl.gov Lienert, U. 7; Email Address: ulrich.lienert@desy.de; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana—Champaign, IL 61801, USA  2: Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Northrop Grumman, Azusa, CA, USA  5: Honeywell, Des Plaines, IL, USA  6: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, IL, USA  7: Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 61 Issue 9, p3456; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ALUMINUM-lithium alloys; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRONS; Subject Term: HYDROSTATIC stress; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ tension test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchrotron diffraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.02.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwerdt, Helen N.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Chae, Junseok
T1  - Analysis of Electromagnetic Fields Induced in Operation of a Wireless Fully Passive Backscattering Neurorecording Microsystem in Emulated Human Head Tissue.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/05/15/May2013 Part 2
VL  - 61
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2170
EP  - 2176
SN  - 00189480
AB  - <?Pub Dtl?>This paper reports on a fully passive microsystem that wirelessly records and transmits neuropotentials exclusively by means of electromagnetic backscattering techniques, affording substantially simpler circuitry and potentially safer and more reliable approach for implantable wireless neurorecording. A fundamental practical barrier for wireless brain-implantable microsystems includes heat dissipation by on-chip circuitry, which may cause permanent brain damage. Hence, measurement of thermal profiles of surrounding tissue induced by operation of wireless implants is imperative in assessing the safety of these devices. Evaluation of specific absorption rate (SAR) is especially relevant for wireless electromagnetic transmission schemes operating at microwave frequencies and directly relates to the heat generated within biological tissue media. In this study, computational and empirical methods are used to measure SAR within a human-head-equivalent phantom during operation of the embedded fully passive wireless neurorecording microsystem. The maximum average SAR, coinciding with the worst case scenario, measured within 1 g of brain tissue is <\0.45\pm \0.11 W/kg, complying with the U.S. FCC threshold (1.6 W/kg). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - HEAD -- Physiology
KW  - TISSUES -- Electric properties
KW  - PASSIVE components
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - BRAIN-computer interfaces
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - brain–machine interfaces
KW  - implantable electronics
KW  - microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)
KW  - passive devices
KW  - specific absorption rate (SAR)
N1  - Accession Number: 87550598; Schwerdt, Helen N. 1 Miranda, Felix A. 2 Chae, Junseok 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: May2013 Part 2, Vol. 61 Issue 5, p2170; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: HEAD -- Physiology; Subject Term: TISSUES -- Electric properties; Subject Term: PASSIVE components; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: BRAIN-computer interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: brain–machine interfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: implantable electronics; Author-Supplied Keyword: microelectromechanical systems (MEMS); Author-Supplied Keyword: passive devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: specific absorption rate (SAR); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2252916
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hsu, Su-Yuen
AU  - Cheng, Ron-Bin
T1  - Modeling geometry and progressive interfacial damage in textile composites.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2013/05/15/
VL  - 47
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1343
EP  - 1356
SN  - 00219983
AB  - A procedure combining geometrically nonlinear, explicit dynamic contact analysis, computer-aided-design techniques, elasticity-based mesh deformation, and cohesive contact modeling is proposed to efficiently construct practical finite element models for meso-mechanical analysis of progressive damage in textile composites. In the procedure, the geometry of the fiber tows is computed by imposing a fictitious expansion on the tows. Meshes resulting from the procedure are incongruent at the computed tow-tow and tow-matrix interfaces. The interfaces are treated as cohesive contact surfaces not only to resolve the incongruence but also to simulate progressive interfacial damage. Example meshes are constructed for two plain weaves, a ceramic-matrix composite with matrix porosity and a polymeric-matrix composite without porosity. To verify the meshes and interfaces, the composite models are simplified to only have interfacial damage in numerical experiments of uniaxial cyclic loading. Although the computed progression of damage is rather complex, anticipated major qualitative characteristics are reproduced in the computations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - TEXTILES
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - cohesive model
KW  - contact
KW  - finite element
KW  - geometry
KW  - interface
KW  - meso-mechanical analysis
KW  - progressive damage
KW  - Textile composite material
N1  - Accession Number: 87598777; Hsu, Su-Yuen 1 Cheng, Ron-Bin 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA su-yuen.hsu-1@nasa.gov  2: Dassault Systèmes Simulia Corp., Warwick, RI, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 47 Issue 11, p1343; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: TEXTILES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: cohesive model; Author-Supplied Keyword: contact; Author-Supplied Keyword: finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: geometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: meso-mechanical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: progressive damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Textile composite material; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424310 Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414130 Piece goods, notions and other dry goods merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 6858
L3  - 10.1177/0021998312447207
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Kotov, D.V.
AU  - Wang, Wei
AU  - Shu, Chi-Wang
T1  - Spurious behavior of shock-capturing methods by the fractional step approach: Problems containing stiff source terms and discontinuities
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2013/05/15/
VL  - 241
M3  - Article
SP  - 266
EP  - 291
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The goal of this paper is to relate numerical dissipations that are inherited in high order shock-capturing schemes with the onset of wrong propagation speed of discontinuities. For pointwise evaluation of the source term, previous studies indicated that the phenomenon of wrong propagation speed of discontinuities is connected with the smearing of the discontinuity caused by the discretization of the advection term. The present study focuses only on solving the reactive system by the fractional step method using the Strang splitting. Studies shows that the degree of wrong propagation speed of discontinuities is highly dependent on the accuracy of the numerical method. The manner in which the smearing of discontinuities is contained by the numerical method and the overall amount of numerical dissipation being employed play major roles. Depending on the numerical method, time step and grid spacing, the numerical simulation may lead to (a) the correct solution (within the truncation error of the scheme), (b) a divergent solution, (c) a wrong propagation speed of discontinuities solution or (d) other spurious solutions that are solutions of the discretized counterparts but are not solutions of the governing equations. The findings might shed some light on the reported difficulties in numerical combustion and problems with stiff nonlinear (homogeneous) source terms and discontinuities in general. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - DISCRETIZATION methods
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - Chemical reacting flows
KW  - High order numerical methods
KW  - Nonequilibrium flows
KW  - Numerical combustion
KW  - Numerical methods for stiff source terms with shocks
KW  - Stiff source terms
KW  - Wrong propagation speed of discontinuities
N1  - Accession Number: 86817389; Yee, H.C. 1; Email Address: Helen.M.Yee@nasa.gov Kotov, D.V. 2 Wang, Wei 3 Shu, Chi-Wang 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Stanford Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford, CA 94305-3035, USA  3: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA  4: Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 241, p266; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: DISCRETIZATION methods; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical reacting flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order numerical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonequilibrium flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical methods for stiff source terms with shocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stiff source terms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wrong propagation speed of discontinuities; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2013.01.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brandis, A.M.
AU  - Johnston, C.O.
AU  - Cruden, B.A.
AU  - Prabhu, D.K.
AU  - Wray, A.A.
AU  - Liu, Y.
AU  - Schwenke, D.W.
AU  - Bose, D.
T1  - Validation of CO 4th positive radiation for Mars entry.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/05/15/
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 104
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents measurements and simulations of CO 4th Positive equilibrium radiation obtained in the NASA Ames Research Center's Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST) facility. The experiments were aimed at measuring the level of radiation encountered during conditions relevant to high-speed entry into a simulated Martian atmosphere (96% CO2: 4% N2). The facility was configured to target several ranges of nominal Mars entry conditions, of which 7.35km/s at 0.1Torr (13.3Pa), 6.2–8km/s at 0.25Torr (33Pa) and 7.1–7.8km/s at 1Torr (133Pa) are examined in this paper. The CO 4th Positive system was chosen to be the focus of this study as it accounts for a large percentage of the emitted radiation for Martian entry, and also due to the difficulties of obtaining experimental validation data due to the emission appearing in the Vacuum Ultra Violet (VUV) spectral range. The focus of this paper is to provide a comprehensive comparison between the EAST data and various CO 4th Positive databases available in the literature. The analysis endeavors to provide a better understanding of the uncertainty in the measurements and quantifies the level of agreement found between simulations and experimental data. The results of the analysis show that the magnitude of the CO 4th Positive radiative intensity is very sensitive to the flow temperature. Subsequently, simulations using thermodynamic equilibrium generally under-predict the experimental data by approximately a factor of up to 2. However, when simulations are performed using a flow temperature extracted from the black body limited portion of the CO 4th Positive spectra taken from experiment, the agreement between the EAST data and simulations is generally very good. Furthermore, comparisons of experimental data and simulations across other spectral regions provide additional support for the use of the black body temperature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - CO 4th positive
KW  - Mars
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Shock tube
KW  - Spectroscopic database
KW  - Validation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 89183606; Brandis, A.M. 1; Email Address: aaron.m.brandis@nasa.gov Johnston, C.O. 2 Cruden, B.A. 3 Prabhu, D.K. 3 Wray, A.A. 4 Liu, Y. 4 Schwenke, D.W. 4 Bose, D. 4; Affiliation:  1: University Affiliated Research Center with University of California Santa Cruz, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23669, USA  3: ERC Corporation, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 121, p91; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO 4th positive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock tube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopic database; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.02.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - TOWNSEND, R. H. D.
AU  - RIVINIUS, TH.
AU  - ROWE, J. F.
AU  - MOFFAT, A. F. J.
AU  - MATTHEWS, J. M.
AU  - BOHLENDER, D.
AU  - NEINER, C.
AU  - TELTING, J. H.
AU  - GUENTHER, D. B.
AU  - KALLINGER, T.
AU  - KUSCHNIG, R.
AU  - RUCINSKI, S. M.
AU  - SASSELOV, D.
AU  - WEISS, W. W.
T1  - MOST OBSERVATIONS OF σ Ori E: CHALLENGING THE CENTRIFUGAL BREAKOUT NARRATIVE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/05/20/
VL  - 769
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present results from three weeks' photometric monitoring of the magnetic helium-strong star σ Ori E using the Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars microsatellite. The star's light curve is dominated by twice-per-rotation eclipse-like dimmings arising when magnetospheric clouds transit across and occult the stellar disk. However, no evidence is found for any abrupt centrifugal breakout of plasma from the magnetosphere, either in the residual flux or in the depths of the light minima.Motivated by this finding we compare the observationally inferred magnetospheric mass against that predicted by a breakout analysis. The large discrepancy between the values leads us to argue that centrifugal breakout does not play a significant role in establishing the magnetospheric mass budget of σ Ori E. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CENTRIFUGAL force
KW  - MICROWAVE reflectometry
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - VARIABLE stars -- Light curves
KW  - MAGNETOSPHERIC currents
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - stars: chemically peculiar
KW  - stars: early-type
KW  - stars: individual (HD 37479) – stars: magnetic field
KW  - stars: rotation
N1  - Accession Number: 90159482; TOWNSEND, R. H. D. 1; Email Address: townsend@astro.wisc.edu RIVINIUS, TH. 2 ROWE, J. F. 3 MOFFAT, A. F. J. 4 MATTHEWS, J. M. 5 BOHLENDER, D. 6 NEINER, C. 7 TELTING, J. H. 8 GUENTHER, D. B. 9 KALLINGER, T. 5,10 KUSCHNIG, R. 5,10 RUCINSKI, S. M. 11 SASSELOV, D. 12 WEISS, W. W. 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2535 Sterling Hall, 475 N. Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA  2: ESO-European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, Casilla 19001, Santiago 19, Chile  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Départment de physique, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  6: National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Institue of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  7: LESIA, UMR 8109 du CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, UPMC, Université Paris Diderot, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  8: Nordic Optical Telescope, Apartado 474, 38700 Santa Cruze de La Palma, Spain  9: Department of Astronomy and Physics, St. Marys University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  10: Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  11: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada  12: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2013, Vol. 769 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CENTRIFUGAL force; Subject Term: MICROWAVE reflectometry; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars -- Light curves; Subject Term: MAGNETOSPHERIC currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: chemically peculiar; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: early-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (HD 37479) – stars: magnetic field; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/769/1/33
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmidt, Radomir
AU  - Tantoyotai, Prapakorn
AU  - Fakra, Sirine C.
AU  - Marcus, Matthew A.
AU  - Soo In Yang
AU  - Pickering, Ingrid J.
AU  - Bañuelos, Gary S.
AU  - Hristova, Krassimira R.
AU  - Freeman, John L.
T1  - Selenium Biotransformations in an Engineered Aquatic Ecosystem for Bioremediation of Agricultural Wastewater via Brine Shrimp Production.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/05/21/
VL  - 47
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 5057
EP  - 5065
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - An engineered aquatic ecosystem was specifically designed to bioremediate selenium (Se), occurring as oxidized inorganic selenate from hypersalinized agricultural drainage water while producing brine shrimp enriched in organic Se and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for use in value added nutraceutical food supplements. Selenate was successfully bioremediated by microalgal metabolism into organic Se (seleno-amino acids) and partially removed via gaseous volatile Se formation. Furthermore, filter-feeding brine shrimp that accumulated this organic Se were removed by net harvest. Thriving in this engineered pond system, brine shrimp (Artemia franciscana Kellogg) and brine fly (Ephydridae sp.) have major ecological relevance as important food sources for large populations of waterfowl, breeding, and migratory shore birds. This aquatic ecosystem was an ideal model for study because it mimics trophic interactions in a Se polluted wetland. Inorganic selenate in drainage water was metabolized differently in microalgae, bacteria, and diatoms where it was accumulated and reduced into various inorganic forms (selenite, selenide, or elemental Se) or partially incorporated into organic Se mainly as selenomethionine. Brine shrimp and brine fly larva then bioaccumulated Se from ingesting aquatic microorganisms and further metabolized Se predominately into organic Se forms. Importantly, adult brine flies, which hatched from aquatic larva, bioaccumulated the highest Se concentrations of all organisms tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOTRANSFORMATION (Metabolism)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SELENIUM -- Physiological effect
KW  - SELENIUM in the body
KW  - BIOREMEDIATION -- Research
KW  - ARTEMIA
KW  - EPHYDRIDAE
KW  - BIOACCUMULATION in invertebrates
KW  - BIOACCUMULATION in Crustacea
N1  - Accession Number: 87970914; Schmidt, Radomir 1 Tantoyotai, Prapakorn 1 Fakra, Sirine C. 2 Marcus, Matthew A. 2 Soo In Yang 3 Pickering, Ingrid J. 3 Bañuelos, Gary S. 4 Hristova, Krassimira R. 1,5; Email Address: krassimira.hristova@marquette.edu Freeman, John L. 6,7; Email Address: John.L.Freeman@NASA.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States  2: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States  3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada  4: United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, SJVASC, Water Management Research Division, Parlier, California 93648, United States  5: Biological Sciences Department, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233, United States  6: Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, California 93740, United States  7: Intrinsyx Technologies Corporation Inc. Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Source Info: 5/21/2013, Vol. 47 Issue 10, p5057; Subject Term: BIOTRANSFORMATION (Metabolism); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SELENIUM -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: SELENIUM in the body; Subject Term: BIOREMEDIATION -- Research; Subject Term: ARTEMIA; Subject Term: EPHYDRIDAE; Subject Term: BIOACCUMULATION in invertebrates; Subject Term: BIOACCUMULATION in Crustacea; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562910 Remediation Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/es305001n
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Creevey, O. L.
AU  - Thévenin, F.
AU  - Basu, S.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Bigot, L.
AU  - Elsworth, Y.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.
AU  - Serenelli, A.
T1  - A large sample of calibration stars for Gaia: log g from Kepler and CoRoT fields.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/05/21/
VL  - 431
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2419
EP  - 2432
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Asteroseismic data can be used to determine stellar surface gravities with precisions of <0.05 dex by using the global seismic quantities 〈Δν〉 and νmax along with standard atmospheric data such as Teff and metallicity. Surface gravity is also one of the four stellar properties to be derived by automatic analyses for one billion stars from Gaia data (workpackage gsp_phot). In this paper, we explore seismic data from main-sequence F, G, K stars (solar-like stars) observed by the Kepler spacecraft as a potential calibration source for the methods that Gaia will use for object characterization (log g). We calculate log g for some bright nearby stars for which radii and masses are known (e.g. from interferometry or binaries), and using their global seismic quantities in a grid-based method, we determine an asteroseismic log g to within 0.01 dex of the direct calculation, thus validating the accuracy of our method. We also find that errors in adopted atmospheric parameters (mainly [Fe/H]) can, however, cause systematic errors of the order of 0.02 dex. We then apply our method to a list of 40 stars to deliver precise values of surface gravity, i.e. uncertainties of the order of 0.02 dex, and we find agreement with recent literature values. Finally, we explore the typical precision that we expect in a sample of more than 400 Kepler stars which have their global seismic quantities measured. We find a mean uncertainty (precision) of the order of better than 0.02 dex in log g over the full explored range 3.8 < log g < 4.6, with the mean value varying only with stellar magnitude (0.01–0.02 dex). We study sources of systematic errors in log g and find possible biases of the order of 0.04 dex, independent of log g and magnitude, which accounts for errors in the Teff and [Fe/H] measurements, as well as from using a different grid-based method. We conclude that Kepler stars provide a wealth of reliable information that can help to calibrate methods that Gaia will use, in particular, for source characterization with gsp_phot, where excellent precision (small uncertainties) and accuracy in log g is obtained from seismic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - asteroseismology
KW  - Galaxy: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: solar-type
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 100506889; Creevey, O. L. 1 Thévenin, F. 1 Basu, S. 2 Chaplin, W. J. 3 Bigot, L. 1 Elsworth, Y. 3 Huber, D. 4 Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G. 5 Serenelli, A. 6; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire Lagrange, CNRS, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, 06300, France  2: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, PO Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Centro de Astrofísica and Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  6: Institute of Space Sciences (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, Facultad de Ciencias, Torre C5, parell 2, Bellaterra, Spain; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 431 Issue 3, p2419; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxy: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: solar-type; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stevens, Robin
AU  - Lonsdale, Chantelle
AU  - Brock, Charles
AU  - Makar, Paul
AU  - Knipping, Eladio
AU  - Reed, Molly
AU  - Crawford, James
AU  - Holloway, John
AU  - Ryerson, Tim
AU  - Huey, L. Greg
AU  - Nowak, John
AU  - Pierce, Jeffrey
T1  - Aerosol nucleation in coal-fired power-plant plumes.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/24/
VL  - 1527
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 417
EP  - 420
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - New-particle nucleation within coal-fired power-plant plumes can have large effects on particle number concentrations, particularly near source regions, with implications for human health and climate. In order to resolve the formation and growth of particles in these plumes, we have integrated TwO-Moment Aerosol Sectional (TOMAS) microphysics in the System for Atmospheric Modelling (SAM), a large-eddy simulation/cloud-resolving model (LES/CRM). We have evaluated this model against aircraft observations for three case studies, and the model reproduces well the major features of each case. Using this model, we have shown that meteorology and background aerosol concentrations can have strong effects on new-particle formation and growth in coal-fired power-plant plumes, even if emissions are held constant. We subsequently used the model to evaluate the effects of SO2 and NOx pollution controls on newparticle formation in coal-fired power-plant plumes. We found that strong reductions in NOx emissions without concurrent reductions in SO2 emissions may increase new-particle formation, due to increases in OH formation within the plume. We predicted the change in new-particle formation due to changes in emissions between 1997 and 2010 for 330 coal-fired power plants in the US, and we found a median decrease of 19% in new-particle formation. However, the magnitude and sign of the aerosol changes depend greatly on the relative reductions in NOx and SO2 emissions in each plant. More extensive plume measurements for a range of emissions of SO2 and NOx and in varying background aerosol conditions are needed, however, to better quantify these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - COAL-fired power plants
KW  - SMOKE plumes
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
N1  - Accession Number: 87354747; Stevens, Robin 1 Lonsdale, Chantelle 2 Brock, Charles 3 Makar, Paul 4 Knipping, Eladio 5 Reed, Molly 6 Crawford, James 7 Holloway, John 3 Ryerson, Tim 3 Huey, L. Greg 8 Nowak, John 9 Pierce, Jeffrey 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS,  2: Department of Geosciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA,  3: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO,  4: Environment Canada, Downsview, ON,  5: Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA,  6: Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN,  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA,  8: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA,  9: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,  10: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA and Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1527 Issue 1, p417; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: COAL-fired power plants; Subject Term: SMOKE plumes; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4803292
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87354747&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Axisa, Duncan
AU  - Wilson, James C.
AU  - Reeves, John M.
AU  - Schmitt, Carl
AU  - Heymsfield, Andrew
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Krämer, Martina
AU  - Lawson, Paul
AU  - Avallone, Linnea
AU  - Sayres, David
T1  - New particle formation in, around and out of ice clouds in MACPEX.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/24/
VL  - 1527
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 575
EP  - 578
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The MACPEX mission permitted observation of aerosol size distributions, cloud particles and water vapor in and around clouds in the mid-latitude upper troposphere. The NMASS consists of 5 condensation particle counters (CPCs) operating in parallel. The 5 CPCs have 50% lower size detection efficiency diameter of 5.3 nm, 8.4 nm, 15 nm, 30 nm and 53 nm. The mixing ratio of particles between 4 to 8 nm is an indicator of newly formed particles. Regions of new particle formation were observed inside and near clouds in the altitude range from 10 to 14 km. In this abstract we describe the methodology used to identify new particle formation events in and around clouds and examine the intensity and spatial coverage of these newly formed particles in relation to cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - CONDENSATION (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 87354637; Axisa, Duncan 1 Wilson, James C. 2 Reeves, John M. 3 Schmitt, Carl 3 Heymsfield, Andrew 3 Minnis, Patrick 4 Krämer, Martina 5 Lawson, Paul 6 Avallone, Linnea 7 Sayres, David 8; Affiliation:  1: University of Denver, 2390 S. York St., Denver, CO 80208, USA and National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307,  2: University of Denver, 2390 S. York St., Denver, CO 80208,  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307,  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  5: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Energy and Climate Research, Stratosphere, Jülich,  6: SPEC Inc, 3022 Sterling Cir Ste 200, Boulder, CO 80301,  7: University of Colorado, 1234 Innovation Dr, Boulder, CO 80303,  8: Harvard University, 12 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1527 Issue 1, p575; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: CONDENSATION (Meteorology); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4803336
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87354637&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raatikainen, T.
AU  - Nenes, A.
AU  - Seinfeld, J. H.
AU  - Morales, R.
AU  - Moore, R. H.
AU  - Lathem, T. L.
AU  - Lance, S.
AU  - Padro, L. T.
AU  - Lin, J. J.
AU  - Cerully, K. M.
AU  - Bougiatioti, A.
AU  - Cozic, J.
AU  - Ruehl, C.
AU  - Chuang, P. Y.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Flagan, R. C.
AU  - Jonsson, H.
AU  - Mihalopoulos, N.
AU  - Smith, J. N.
T1  - Constraining the water vapor uptake coefficient in ambient cloud droplet formation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/24/
VL  - 1527
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 812
EP  - 816
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Cloud droplet formation depends on the condensation of water vapor on ambient aerosols, the rate of which is strongly affected by the condensation (or mass accommodation) coefficient, αc. Estimates of αc for droplet growth from activation of ambient particles vary considerably and represent a critical source of uncertainty in estimates of global cloud droplet distributions and the aerosol indirect forcing of climate. An analysis of ten globally relevant data sets of cloud condensation nuclei is used to constrain αc, and find that rapid activation kinetics (αc > 0.1) is uniformly prevalent. This means that uncertainty in water vapor accommodation on droplets is less than previously thought and resolves a long-standing issue in cloud physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - CLOUD droplets
KW  - CONDENSATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - DATA analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 87354870; Raatikainen, T. 1 Nenes, A. 2 Seinfeld, J. H. 3 Morales, R. 4 Moore, R. H. 5 Lathem, T. L. 6 Lance, S. 7 Padro, L. T. 8 Lin, J. J. 4 Cerully, K. M. 9 Bougiatioti, A. 10 Cozic, J. 11 Ruehl, C. 12 Chuang, P. Y. 13 Anderson, B. E. 14 Flagan, R. C. 3 Jonsson, H. 15 Mihalopoulos, N. 16 Smith, J. N. 17; Affiliation:  1: Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 and Finnish Meteorological Institute, FI-00101 Helsinki,  2: Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 and Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes,  3: Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadenda, CA 91106 and Environmental Science & Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadenda, CA 91106,  4: Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332,  5: Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 and NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  6: Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 and Phillips 66 Research Center, Bartlesville, OK 74003,  7: Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 and Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305 and SPEC Inc., Boulder, CO 8030,  8: Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 and Civil & Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155,  9: Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332,  10: Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece and Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332,  11: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305 and Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Geophysique de l'Environnement, F-38402 Grenoble,  12: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720,  13: Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA,  14: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681,  15: Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA 93943,  16: Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece and Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Foundation for Research and Technology, Hellas, 711 10 Patras,  17: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305 and Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1527 Issue 1, p812; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: CLOUD droplets; Subject Term: CONDENSATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: DATA analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4803395
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87354870&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Froyd, Karl D.
AU  - Cziczo, Daniel J.
AU  - Hoose, Corinna
AU  - Jensen, Eric J.
AU  - Diao, Minghui
AU  - Zondlo, Mark A.
AU  - Smith, Jessica B.
AU  - Twohy, Cynthia H.
AU  - Murphy, Daniel M.
T1  - Cirrus cloud formation and the role of heterogeneous ice nuclei.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/24/
VL  - 1527
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 976
EP  - 978
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Composition, size, and phase are key properties that define the ability of an aerosol particle to initiate ice in cirrus clouds. Properties of cirrus ice nuclei (IN) have not been well constrained due to a lack of systematic measurements in the upper troposphere. We have analyzed the size and composition of sublimated cirrus particles sampled from a high altitude research aircraft using both in situ and offline techniques. Mineral dust and metallic particles are the most enhanced residue types relative to background aerosol. Using a combination of cirrus residue composition, relative humidity, and cirrus particle concentration measurements, we infer that heterogeneous nucleation is a dominant cirrus formation mechanism for the mid-latitude, subtropical, and tropical regions under study. Other proposed heterogeneous IN including biomass burning particles, elemental carbon, and biological material were not abundant in cirrus residuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - ICE nuclei
KW  - HETEROGENOUS nucleation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - BIOMASS burning
N1  - Accession Number: 87354849; Froyd, Karl D. 1 Cziczo, Daniel J. 2 Hoose, Corinna 3 Jensen, Eric J. 4 Diao, Minghui 5 Zondlo, Mark A. 5 Smith, Jessica B. 6 Twohy, Cynthia H. 7 Murphy, Daniel M. 8; Affiliation:  1: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305 USA and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309,  2: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139,  3: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Aerosol Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe,  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035,  5: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544,  6: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138,  7: College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331,  8: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1527 Issue 1, p976; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: ICE nuclei; Subject Term: HETEROGENOUS nucleation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: BIOMASS burning; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4803436
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87354849&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoyle, C. R.
AU  - Engel, I.
AU  - Luo, B. P.
AU  - Pitts, M. C.
AU  - Poole, L. R.
AU  - Grooß, J.-U.
AU  - Peter, T.
T1  - Heterogeneous formation of polar stratospheric clouds-nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) in the arctic stratosphere.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/05/24/
VL  - 1527
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 980
EP  - 983
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Satellite based observations during the Arctic winter of 2009/2010 provide firm evidence that, in contrast to the current theory, the nucleation of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) in the polar stratosphere does not only occur on preexisting ice particles. In order to explain the NAT clouds observed over the Arctic in mid December 2009, a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism is required, occurring on the surface of dust or meteoritic particles. For the first time, a detailed microphysical modelling of this NAT formation pathway has been carried out. Heterogeneous NAT formation was calculated along tens of thousands of trajectories, ending at Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarisation (CALIOP) observation points. Comparing the optical properties of the modelled NAT PSCs with these observations enables the thorough validation of a newly developed NAT nucleation parameterisation, which has been built into the Zurich Optical and Microphysical box Model (ZOMM). The parameterisation is based on active site theory and is simple to implement in models. It is shown that the new method is capable of reproducing observed PSCs very well, despite the varied conditions experienced by air parcels travelling along the different trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - NITRIC acid
KW  - HETEROGENOUS nucleation
KW  - ICING (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - PARAMETERIZATION
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
N1  - Accession Number: 87354857; Hoyle, C. R. 1 Engel, I. 2 Luo, B. P. 2 Pitts, M. C. 3 Poole, L. R. 4 Grooß, J.-U. 5 Peter, T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen,  2: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich,  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,  4: Science Systems and Applications, Incorporated, Hampton, Virginia 23666,  5: Institut für Energie- und Klimaforschung - Stratosphäre (IEK-7), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich,; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 1527 Issue 1, p980; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: NITRIC acid; Subject Term: HETEROGENOUS nucleation; Subject Term: ICING (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: PARAMETERIZATION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4803438
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87354857&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Brown, D.W.
AU  - Clausen, B.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - An in situ neutron diffraction study of shape setting shape memory NiTi.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/05/30/
VL  - 61
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3585
EP  - 3599
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: A bulk polycrystalline Ni49.9Ti50.1 (at.%) shape memory alloy specimen was shape set while neutron diffraction spectra were simultaneously acquired. The objective was to correlate internal stress, phase volume fraction, and texture measurements (from neutron diffraction spectra) with the macroscopic stress and shape changes (from load cell and extensometry measurements) during the shape setting procedure and subsequent shape recovery. Experimental results showed the evolution of the martensitic transformation (lattice strains, phase fractions and texture) against external constraints during both heating and cooling. Constrained heating resulted in a build-up of stresses during the martensite to austenite transformation, followed by stress relaxation due to thermal expansion, final conversion of retained martensite, and recovery processes. Constrained cooling also resulted in stress build-up arising from thermal contraction and early formation of martensite, followed by relaxation as the austenite fully transformed to martensite. Comparisons were also made between specimens pre-shape set and post-shape set with and without external constraints. The specimens displayed similar shape memory behavior consistent with the microstructure of the shape set sample, which was mostly unchanged by the shape setting process and similar to that of the as-received material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUTRON diffraction
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
KW  - Blocking stress
KW  - Neutron diffraction
KW  - NiTi
KW  - Shape setting
KW  - Stress relaxation
N1  - Accession Number: 89217875; Benafan, O. 1,2; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Padula, S.A. 2 Noebe, R.D. 2 Brown, D.W. 3 Clausen, B. 3 Vaidyanathan, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center; Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Lujan Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2013, Vol. 61 Issue 10, p3585; Subject Term: NEUTRON diffraction; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blocking stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape setting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress relaxation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.02.040
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89217875&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Diskin, Boris
T1  - Discrete Adjoint-Based Design for Unsteady Turbulent Flows on Dynamic Overset Unstructured Grids.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1355
EP  - 1373
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A discrete adjoint-based design methodology for unsteady turbulent flows on three-dimensional dynamic overset unstructured grids is formulated, implemented, and verified. The methodology supports both compressible and incompressible flows and is amenable to massively parallel computing environments. The approach provides a general framework for performing highly efficient and discretely consistent sensitivity analysis for problems involving arbitrary combinations of overset unstructured grids that may be static, undergoing rigid or deforming motions, or any combination thereof. General parent-child motions are also accommodated, and the accuracy of the implementation is established using an independent verification based on a complex-variable approach. The methodology is used to demonstrate aerodynamic optimizations of a wind-turbine geometry, a biologically inspired flapping wing, and a complex helicopter configuration subject to trimming constraints. The objective function for each problem is successfully reduced, and all specified constraints are satisfied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - COMPUTING platforms
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 87806376; Nielsen, Eric J. 1,2 Diskin, Boris 3,4,5; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, Computational AeroSciences Branch, MS 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: Fellow, 100 Exploration Way  4: Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p1355; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: COMPUTING platforms; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051859
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87806376&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaul, Upender K.
T1  - Stability Enhanced High-Order Hyperviscosity-Based Shock Capturing Algorithm.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1516
EP  - 1521
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article focuses on a study which presented a sixth-order dissipation scheme commensurate with the sixth order nonlinear shock capturing algorithm of Cook and Cabot. It provides the momentum equations for compressible flow. It illustrates an inflatable aerodynamics decelerator in the symmetry plane of rotation which showed an elliptic grid with attendant isotropic properties.
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - INERTIA (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 87806389; Kaul, Upender K. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Applied Modeling Simulations Branch, NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division  2: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p1516; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: INERTIA (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051704
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87806389&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
AU  - Stolc, Viktor
T1  - Nature of Pre-Earthquake Phenomena and their Effects on Living Organisms.
JO  - Animals (2076-2615)
JF  - Animals (2076-2615)
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 513
EP  - 531
PB  - MDPI Publishing
SN  - 20762615
AB  - Earthquakes occur when tectonic stresses build up deep in the Earth before catastrophic rupture. During the build-up of stress, processes that occur in the crustal rocks lead to the activation of highly mobile electronic charge carriers. These charge carriers are able to flow out of the stressed rock volume into surrounding rocks. Such outflow constitutes an electric current, which generates electromagnetic (EM) signals. If the outflow occurs in bursts, it will lead to short EM pulses. If the outflow is continuous, the currents may fluctuate, generating EM emissions over a wide frequency range. Only ultralow and extremely low frequency (ULF/ELF) waves travel through rock and can reach the Earth surface. The outflowing charge carriers are (i) positively charged and (ii) highly oxidizing. When they arrive at the Earth surface from below, they build up microscopic electric fields, strong enough to field-ionize air molecules. As a result, the air above the epicentral region of an impending major earthquake often becomes laden with positive airborne ions. Medical research has long shown that positive airborne ions cause changes in stress hormone levels in animals and humans. In addition to the ULF/ELF emissions, positive airborne ions can cause unusual reactions among animals. When the charge carriers flow into water, they oxidize water to hydrogen peroxide. This, plus oxidation of organic compounds, can cause behavioral changes among aquatic animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Animals (2076-2615) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEISMOLOGY -- Research
KW  - EARTH movements
KW  - ORGANISMS
KW  - LIFE (Biology)
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
KW  - air ionization
KW  - ELF (extremely low frequency) waves
KW  - hydrogen peroxide
KW  - physiological effects
KW  - positive holes
KW  - pre-earthquake phenomena
KW  - ULF (ultralow frequency) waves
KW  - water oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 89447188; Freund, Friedemann 1,2,3; Email Address: Friedemann.T.Freund@nasa.gov Stolc, Viktor 4; Email Address: viktor.stolc-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: GeoCosmo Science Group, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  3: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p513; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: EARTH movements; Subject Term: ORGANISMS; Subject Term: LIFE (Biology); Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: air ionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: ELF (extremely low frequency) waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen peroxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: physiological effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: positive holes; Author-Supplied Keyword: pre-earthquake phenomena; Author-Supplied Keyword: ULF (ultralow frequency) waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: water oxidation; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/ani3020513
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89447188&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quinn, Richard C.
AU  - Martucci, Hana F.H.
AU  - Miller, Stephanie R.
AU  - Bryson, Charles E.
AU  - Grunthaner, Frank J.
AU  - Grunthaner, Paula J.
T1  - Perchlorate Radiolysis on Mars and the Origin of Martian Soil Reactivity.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 515
EP  - 520
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Results from the Viking biology experiments indicate the presence of reactive oxidants in martian soils that have previously been attributed to peroxide and superoxide. Instruments on the Mars Phoenix Lander and the Mars Science Laboratory detected perchlorate in martian soil, which is nonreactive under the conditions of the Viking biology experiments. We show that calcium perchlorate exposed to gamma rays decomposes in a CO2 atmosphere to form hypochlorite (ClO−), trapped oxygen (O2), and chlorine dioxide (ClO2). Our results show that the release of trapped O2 (g) from radiation-damaged perchlorate salts and the reaction of ClO− with amino acids that were added to the martian soils can explain the results of the Viking biology experiments. We conclude that neither hydrogen peroxide nor superoxide is required to explain the results of the Viking biology experiments. Key Words: Mars-Radiolysis-Organic degradation- in situ measurement-Planetary habitability and biosignatures. Astrobiology 13, 515-520. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERCHLORATES
KW  - RADIOLYSIS
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - PEROXIDES
KW  - BIOLOGY experiments
KW  - HABITABLE planets
N1  - Accession Number: 90251934; Quinn, Richard C. 1 Martucci, Hana F.H. 2 Miller, Stephanie R. 3 Bryson, Charles E. 4 Grunthaner, Frank J. 5 Grunthaner, Paula J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, California.  3: NASA Ames Educational Associates Program, Moffett Field, California.  4: Apparati Inc., Mountain View, California.  5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California.; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 13 Issue 6, p515; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES; Subject Term: RADIOLYSIS; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: PEROXIDES; Subject Term: BIOLOGY experiments; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.0999
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90251934&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BOERSMA, C.
AU  - BREGMAN, J. D.
AU  - ALLAMANDOLA, L. J.
T1  - PROPERTIES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE NORTHWEST PHOTON DOMINATED REGION OF NGC 7023. I. PAH SIZE, CHARGE, COMPOSITION, AND STRUCTURE DISTRIBUTION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/06//6/ 1/2013
VL  - 769
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission in the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectral map of the northwest photon dominated region (PDR) in NGC 7023 was analyzed exclusively using PAH spectra from the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database (www.astrochem.org/pahdb). The 5-15 μm spectrum at each pixel is fitted usinga non-negative-least-squares fitting approach. The fits are of good quality, allowing decomposition of the PAH emission into four subclasses: size, charge, composition, and hydrogen adjacency (structure). Maps tracing PAH subclass distributions across the region paint a coherent astrophysical picture. Once past some 20 seconds of arc from HD 200775, the emission is dominated by the more stable, large, symmetric, compact PAH cations with smaller, neutral PAHs taking over along the lines-of-sight toward the more distant molecular cloud. The boundary between the PDR and the denser cloud material shows up as a distinct discontinuity in the breakdown maps. Noteworthy is the requirement for PANH cations to fit the bulk of the 6.2 and 11.0 μm features and the indication of PAH photo-dehydrogenation and fragmentation close to HD 200775. Decomposition of the spectral maps into"principal" subclass template spectra provides additional insight into the behavior of each subclass. However, the general applicability of this computationally more efficient approach is presently undetermined. This is the first time the spectra of individual PAHs are exclusively used to fit the 5-15 μm region and analyze the spatial behavior of the aromatic infrared bands, providing fundamental, new information about astronomical PAH subpopulations including their dependence on, and response to, changes in local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - DEHYDROGENATION
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - ISM: individual objects (NGC 7023)
KW  - molecular data
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
N1  - Accession Number: 90179133; BOERSMA, C. 1; Email Address: Christiaan.Boersma@nasa.gov BREGMAN, J. D. 1 ALLAMANDOLA, L. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: 6/ 1/2013, Vol. 769 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: DEHYDROGENATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects (NGC 7023); Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular data; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/769/2/117
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90179133&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wild, Martin
AU  - Folini, Doris
AU  - Schär, Christoph
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Dutton, Ellsworth
AU  - König-Langlo, Gert
T1  - The global energy balance from a surface perspective.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 40
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3107
EP  - 3134
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - In the framework of the global energy balance, the radiative energy exchanges between Sun, Earth and space are now accurately quantified from new satellite missions. Much less is known about the magnitude of the energy flows within the climate system and at the Earth surface, which cannot be directly measured by satellites. In addition to satellite observations, here we make extensive use of the growing number of surface observations to constrain the global energy balance not only from space, but also from the surface. We combine these observations with the latest modeling efforts performed for the 5th IPCC assessment report to infer best estimates for the global mean surface radiative components. Our analyses favor global mean downward surface solar and thermal radiation values near 185 and 342 Wm, respectively, which are most compatible with surface observations. Combined with an estimated surface absorbed solar radiation and thermal emission of 161 and 397 Wm, respectively, this leaves 106 Wm of surface net radiation available globally for distribution amongst the non-radiative surface energy balance components. The climate models overestimate the downward solar and underestimate the downward thermal radiation, thereby simulating nevertheless an adequate global mean surface net radiation by error compensation. This also suggests that, globally, the simulated surface sensible and latent heat fluxes, around 20 and 85 Wm on average, state realistic values. The findings of this study are compiled into a new global energy balance diagram, which may be able to reconcile currently disputed inconsistencies between energy and water cycle estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL satellites
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - CMIP5/IPCC-AR5 model evaluation
KW  - Earth Radiation Budget
KW  - Global climate models
KW  - Global energy balance
KW  - Surface energy balance
KW  - Surface/Satellite observations
KW  - INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change
N1  - Accession Number: 87710501; Wild, Martin 1; Email Address: martin.wild@env.ethz.ch Folini, Doris 1 Schär, Christoph 1 Loeb, Norman 2 Dutton, Ellsworth 3 König-Langlo, Gert 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstr. 16 8092 Zurich Switzerland  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard Hampton 23681-2199 USA  3: NOAA/ESRL, R/GMD, 325 Broadway Boulder 80305 USA  4: Alfred Wegener Institute, Bussestrasse 24 27570 Bremerhaven Germany; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 40 Issue 11/12, p3107; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL satellites; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMIP5/IPCC-AR5 model evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth Radiation Budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global climate models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface/Satellite observations; Company/Entity: INTERGOVERNMENTAL Panel on Climate Change; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 17 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-012-1569-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87710501&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lang, Christapher
AU  - Doostan, Alireza
AU  - Maute, Kurt
T1  - Extended stochastic FEM for diffusion problems with uncertain material interfaces.
JO  - Computational Mechanics
JF  - Computational Mechanics
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1031
EP  - 1049
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01787675
AB  - This paper is concerned with the prediction of heat transfer in composite materials with uncertain inclusion geometry. To numerically solve the governing equation, which is defined on a random domain, an approach based on the combination of the Extended finite element method (X-FEM) and the spectral stochastic finite element method is studied. Two challenges of the extended stochastic finite element method (X-SFEM) are choosing an enrichment function and numerical integration over the probability domain. An enrichment function, which is based on knowledge of the interface location, captures the C-continuous solution in the spatial and probability domains without a conforming mesh. Standard enrichment functions and enrichment functions tailored to X-SFEM are analyzed and compared, and the basic elements of a successful enrichment function are identified. We introduce a partition approach for accurate integration over the probability domain. The X-FEM solution is studied as a function of the parameters describing the inclusion geometry and the different enrichment functions. The efficiency and accuracy of a spectral polynomial chaos expansion and a finite element approximation in the probability domain are compared. Numerical examples of a two-dimensional heat conduction problem with a random inclusion show the spectral PC approximation with a suitable choice of enrichment function is as accurate and more efficient than the finite element approach. Though focused on heat transfer in composite materials, the techniques and observations in this paper are also applicable to other types of problems with uncertain geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - UNCERTAIN systems
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions
KW  - Enrichment
KW  - Level set method
KW  - Polynomial chaos
KW  - Uncertainty analysis
KW  - X-SFEM
N1  - Accession Number: 87734507; Lang, Christapher 1 Doostan, Alireza 2; Email Address: alireza.doostan@colorado.edu Maute, Kurt 2; Affiliation:  1: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  2: Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p1031; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: UNCERTAIN systems; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enrichment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Level set method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polynomial chaos; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-SFEM; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 9 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00466-012-0785-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87734507&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grintzalis, Konstantinos
AU  - Zisimopoulos, Dimitrios
AU  - Grune, Tilman
AU  - Weber, Daniela
AU  - Georgiou, Christos D.
T1  - Method for the simultaneous determination of free/protein malondialdehyde and lipid/protein hydroperoxides.
JO  - Free Radical Biology & Medicine
JF  - Free Radical Biology & Medicine
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 59
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 35
SN  - 08915849
AB  - Abstract: A simple and sensitive method is presented for the simultaneous quantification (spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric) of the main lipid and protein peroxidation products after their initial fractionation: free malondialdehyde (FrMDA), protein-bound malondialdehyde (PrMDA), total hydroperoxides (LOOH), and protein hydroperoxides (PrOOH). FrMDA and PrMDA (released from proteins by alkaline hydrolysis) are measured after the reaction of MDA with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) under acidic conditions, by the specific fluorimetric quantification of the resulting MDA–(TBA)2 adduct chromophore. The measurement of LOOH and PrOOH is based on the reaction of Fe3+ (resulting from the reaction of LOOH and PrOOH with Fe2+) with xylenol orange (XO) and the photometric quantification of the resulting XO–Fe complex. The sensitivity of the assays for FrMDA/PrMDA and LOOH/PrOOH is 20 and 100pmol, respectively. The method was applied successfully on human plasma and can be used for the evaluation of oxidative stress in both basic and clinical research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Free Radical Biology & Medicine is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FREE radicals (Chemistry)
KW  - MALONDIALDEHYDE
KW  - LIPIDS
KW  - HYDROPEROXIDES
KW  - PEROXIDATION
KW  - THIOBARBITURIC acid test
KW  - Free radicals
KW  - Lipid/protein hydroperoxides
KW  - Lipid/protein malondialdehyde
KW  - Oxidative stress
KW  - Thiobarbituric acid
KW  - Xylenol orange
N1  - Accession Number: 89193017; Grintzalis, Konstantinos 1 Zisimopoulos, Dimitrios 1 Grune, Tilman 2 Weber, Daniela 2 Georgiou, Christos D. 1,3; Email Address: c.georgiou@upatras.gr; Affiliation:  1: Genetics, Cell, and Developmental Biology Section, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras 26100, Greece  2: Institute of Nutrition, Department of Nutritional Toxicology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany  3: ARC-Associate, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 59, p27; Subject Term: FREE radicals (Chemistry); Subject Term: MALONDIALDEHYDE; Subject Term: LIPIDS; Subject Term: HYDROPEROXIDES; Subject Term: PEROXIDATION; Subject Term: THIOBARBITURIC acid test; Author-Supplied Keyword: Free radicals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lipid/protein hydroperoxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lipid/protein malondialdehyde; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidative stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thiobarbituric acid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Xylenol orange; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.09.038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89193017&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farley, K.A.
AU  - Hurowitz, J.A.
AU  - Asimow, P.D.
AU  - Jacobson, N.S.
AU  - Cartwright, J.A.
T1  - A double-spike method for K–Ar measurement: A technique for high precision in situ dating on Mars and other planetary surfaces
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 110
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: A new method for K–Ar dating using a double isotope dilution technique is proposed and demonstrated. The method is designed to eliminate known difficulties facing in situ dating on planetary surfaces, especially instrument complexity and power availability. It may also have applicability in some terrestrial dating applications. Key to the method is the use of a solid tracer spike enriched in both 39Ar and 41K. When mixed with lithium borate flux in a Knudsen effusion cell, this tracer spike and a sample to be dated can be successfully fused and degassed of Ar at <1000°C. The evolved 40Ar∗/39Ar ratio can be measured to high precision using noble gas mass spectrometry. After argon measurement the sample melt is heated to a slightly higher temperature (∼1030°C) to volatilize potassium, and the evolved 39K/41K ratio measured by Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry. Combined with the known composition of the tracer spike, these two ratios define the K–Ar age using a single sample aliquot and without the need for extreme temperature or a mass determination. In principle the method can be implemented using a single mass spectrometer. Experiments indicate that quantitative extraction of argon from a basalt sample occurs at a sufficiently low temperature that potassium loss in this step is unimportant. Similarly, potassium isotope ratios measured in the Knudsen apparatus indicate good sample-spike equilibration and acceptably small isotopic fractionation. When applied to a flood basalt from the Viluy Traps, Siberia, a K–Ar age of 351±19Ma was obtained, a result within 1% of the independently known age. For practical reasons this measurement was made on two separate mass spectrometers, but a scheme for combining the measurements in a single analytical instrument is described. Because both parent and daughter are determined by isotope dilution, the precision on K–Ar ages obtained by the double isotope dilution method should routinely approach that of a pair of isotope ratio determinations, likely better than ±5%. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ISOTOPE dilution analysis
KW  - KNUDSEN flow
KW  - RADIOACTIVE dating
KW  - NOBLE gases
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - LITHIUM borate
KW  - ARGON
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 86922411; Farley, K.A. 1; Email Address: farley@gps.caltech.edu Hurowitz, J.A. 2 Asimow, P.D. 1 Jacobson, N.S. 3 Cartwright, J.A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 110, p1; Subject Term: ISOTOPE dilution analysis; Subject Term: KNUDSEN flow; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE dating; Subject Term: NOBLE gases; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: LITHIUM borate; Subject Term: ARGON; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2013.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86922411&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tazaz, Amanda M.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl A.
AU  - Poole, Jennifer
AU  - Chanton, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Redefining the isotopic boundaries of biogenic methane: Methane from endoevaporites.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 224
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 268
EP  - 275
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The recent reports of methane in the atmosphere of Mars, as well as the findings of hypersaline paleoenvironments on that planet, have underscored the need to evaluate the importance of biological (as opposed to geological) trace gas production and consumption, particularly in hypersaline environments. Methane in the atmosphere of Mars may be an indication of extant life, but it may also be a consequence of geologic activity and/or the thermal alteration of ancient organic matter. On Earth these methane sources can be distinguished using stable isotopic analyses and the ratio of methane (C1) to C2 and C3 alkanes present in the gas source (C1/(C2 +C3)). We report here that methane produced in hypersaline environments on Earth has an isotopic composition and alkane content outside the values presently considered to indicate a biogenic origin. Methane-rich bubbles released from sub-aqueous substrates contained δ13CCH4 and δ2HCH4 values ranging from −65‰ to −35‰ and −350‰ to −140‰ respectively. Higher salinity endoevaporites yielded what would be considered non-biogenic methane based upon stable isotopic and alkane content, however incubation of crustal and algal mat samples resulted in methane production with similar isotopic values. Radiocarbon analysis indicated that the production of the methane was from recently fixed carbon. An extension of the isotopic boundaries of biogenic methane is necessary in order to avoid the possibility of false negatives returned from measurements of methane on Mars and other planetary bodies. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - EVAPORITES
KW  - ISOTOPE geology
KW  - PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - TRACE gases
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Mars
KW  - Organic chemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 88985950; Tazaz, Amanda M. 1 Bebout, Brad M. 2; Email Address: Brad.M.Bebout@nasa.gov Kelley, Cheryl A. 3 Poole, Jennifer 3 Chanton, Jeffrey P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4320, United States  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-1380, United States; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 224 Issue 2, p268; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: EVAPORITES; Subject Term: ISOTOPE geology; Subject Term: PALEOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: TRACE gases; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.06.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88985950&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stern, Jennifer C.
AU  - McAdam, Amy C.
AU  - Ten Kate, Inge L.
AU  - Bish, David L.
AU  - Blake, David F.
AU  - Morris, Richard V.
AU  - Bowden, Roxane
AU  - Fogel, Marilyn L.
AU  - Glamoclija, Mihaela
AU  - Mahaffy, Paul R.
AU  - Steele, Andrew
AU  - Amundsen, Hans E.F.
T1  - Isotopic and geochemical investigation of two distinct Mars analog environments using evolved gas techniques in Svalbard, Norway.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 224
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 308
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The 2010 Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition (AMASE) investigated two distinct geologic settings on Svalbard, using methodologies and techniques to be deployed on Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). AMASE-related research comprises both analyses conducted during the expedition and further analyses of collected samples using laboratory facilities at a variety of institutions. The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite on MSL includes pyrolysis ovens, a gas-processing manifold, a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS), several gas chromatography columns, and a Tunable Laser Spectrometer (TLS). An integral part of SAM development is the deployment of SAM-like instrumentation in the field. During AMASE 2010, two parts of SAM participated as stand-alone instruments. A Hiden Evolved Gas Analysis-Mass Spectrometer (EGA-QMS) system represented the EGA-QMS component of SAM, and a Picarro Cavity Ring Down Spectrometer (EGA-CRDS), represented the EGA-TLS component of SAM. A field analog of CheMin, the XRD/XRF on MSL, was also deployed as part of this field campaign. Carbon isotopic measurements of CO2 evolved during thermal decomposition of carbonates were used together with EGA-QMS geochemical data, mineral composition information and contextual observations made during sample collection to distinguish carbonates formation associated with chemosynthetic activity at a fossil methane seep from abiotic processes forming carbonates associated with subglacial basaltic eruptions. Carbon and oxygen isotopes of the basalt-hosted carbonates suggest cryogenic carbonate formation, though more research is necessary to clarify the history of these rocks. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - STABLE isotopes
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ARCTIC regions -- Discovery & exploration
KW  - SVALBARD (Norway)
N1  - Accession Number: 88985953; Stern, Jennifer C. 1; Email Address: Jennifer.C.Stern@nasa.gov McAdam, Amy C. 1 Ten Kate, Inge L. 1,2 Bish, David L. 3 Blake, David F. 4 Morris, Richard V. 5 Bowden, Roxane 6 Fogel, Marilyn L. 6 Glamoclija, Mihaela 6 Mahaffy, Paul R. 1 Steele, Andrew 6 Amundsen, Hans E.F. 7; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Environments Laboratory, Code 699, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20910, USA  2: Centre for Physics of Geological Processes, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway  3: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA  4: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Astromaterials Branch, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  6: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institute of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA  7: Earth and Planetary Exploration Services, Oslo, Norway; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 224 Issue 2, p297; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: STABLE isotopes; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ARCTIC regions -- Discovery & exploration; Subject Term: SVALBARD (Norway); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.07.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88985953&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Franz, Heather B.
AU  - Goetz, Walter
AU  - Blake, David F.
AU  - Freissinet, Caroline
AU  - Steininger, Harald
AU  - Goesmann, Fred
AU  - Brinckerhoff, William B.
AU  - Getty, Stephanie
AU  - Pinnick, Veronica T.
AU  - Mahaffy, Paul R.
AU  - Dyar, M. Darby
T1  - Coordinated analyses of Antarctic sediments as Mars analog materials using reflectance spectroscopy and current flight-like instruments for CheMin, SAM and MOMA.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 224
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 309
EP  - 325
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Coordinated analyses of mineralogy and chemistry of sediments from the Antarctic Dry Valleys illustrate how data obtained using flight-ready technology of current NASA and ESA missions can be combined for greater understanding of the samples. Mineralogy was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and visible/near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy. Chemical analyses utilized a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) to perform pyrolysis-evolved gas analysis (EGA) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) both with and without derivatization, as well as laser desorption–mass spectrometry (LD/MS) techniques. These analyses are designed to demonstrate some of the capabilities of near-term landed Mars missions, to provide ground truthing of VNIR reflectance data acquired from orbit by the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) on MRO and to provide detection limits for surface-operated instruments: the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) and Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suites onboard Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) and the Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer (MOMA) onboard ExoMars-2018. The new data from this study are compared with previous analyses of the sediments performed with other techniques. Tremolite was found in the oxic region samples for the first time using the CheMin-like XRD instrument. The NIR spectral features of tremolite are consistent with those observed in these samples. Although the tremolite bands are weak in spectra of these samples, spectral features near 2.32 and 2.39μm could be detected by CRISM if tremolite is present on the martian surface. Allophane was found to be a good match to weak NIR features at ∼1.37–1.41, 1.92, and 2.19μm in spectra of the oxic region sediments and is a common component of immature volcanic soils. Biogenic methane was found to be associated with calcite in the oxic region samples by the SAM/EGA instrument and a phosphoric acid derivative was found in the anoxic region sample using the SAM/MTBSTFA technique. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - TAYLOR Valley (Antarctica)
KW  - Mars, surface
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 88985954; Bishop, Janice L. 1,2; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org Franz, Heather B. 3,4 Goetz, Walter 5 Blake, David F. 2 Freissinet, Caroline 3,4 Steininger, Harald 5 Goesmann, Fred 5 Brinckerhoff, William B. 3 Getty, Stephanie 3 Pinnick, Veronica T. 3,4 Mahaffy, Paul R. 3 Dyar, M. Darby 6; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  5: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Katlenburg-Lindau D-37191, Germany  6: Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 224 Issue 2, p309; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: TAYLOR Valley (Antarctica); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88985954&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wierzchos, Jacek
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Artieda, Octavio
AU  - Cámara-Gallego, Beatriz
AU  - de los Ríos, Asunción
AU  - Nealson, Kenneth H.
AU  - Valea, Sergio
AU  - Teresa García-González, M.
AU  - Ascaso, Carmen
T1  - Ignimbrite as a substrate for endolithic life in the hyper-arid Atacama Desert: Implications for the search for life on Mars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 224
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 334
EP  - 346
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The hyper-arid core of the Atacama Desert in Chile is considered the driest and most life-limited place on Earth, with few habitats capable of sustaining an active microbial ecosystem. As such, it is one of the best terrestrial analogues of the extreme arid conditions on Mars, and an ideal environment to explore survival and biological adaptation strategies as the environment becomes increasingly dry. Here we show that weakly welded rhyolitic ignimbrites in this desert are abundantly colonized by endolithic cyanobacteria and associated heterotrophic bacteria. We propose that the porous ignimbrite interior provides protection from damaging UV radiation and excessive levels of visible light. Rock porosity also favors cell hydration through water retention after scarce rainfall events, even when the surrounding environment remains stubbornly dry. This is the first known example of an endolithic microbial community colonizing ignimbrite rocks in an extremely dry environment. The existence of a habitat capable of supporting abundant phototrophic and heterotrophic communities in an environment that precludes most life forms suggests that, if similar deposits are found on Mars, these should be considered important targets in the search for life. Indeed, ignimbrite rocks have been tentatively identified in Gale Crater, the landing site of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission and could be directly analyzed by its rover Curiosity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IGNIMBRITE
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Mars
KW  - Search for extraterrestrial life
N1  - Accession Number: 88985956; Wierzchos, Jacek 1; Email Address: j.wierzchos@mncn.csic.es Davila, Alfonso F. 2 Artieda, Octavio 3 Cámara-Gallego, Beatriz 1 de los Ríos, Asunción 1 Nealson, Kenneth H. 4 Valea, Sergio 1 Teresa García-González, M. 5 Ascaso, Carmen 1; Affiliation:  1: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales – CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 95136, USA  3: Universidad de Extremadura, 10600 Plasencia, Spain  4: University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA  5: Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias – CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 224 Issue 2, p334; Subject Term: IGNIMBRITE; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search for extraterrestrial life; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.06.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88985956&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Battler, Melissa M.
AU  - Osinski, Gordon R.
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.S.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Michel, Frederick A.
AU  - Craig, Michael A.
AU  - Izawa, Matthew R.M.
AU  - Leoni, Lisa
AU  - Slater, Gregory F.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Preston, Louisa J.
AU  - Banerjee, Neil R.
T1  - Characterization of the acidic cold seep emplaced jarositic Golden Deposit, NWT, Canada, as an analogue for jarosite deposition on Mars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 224
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 382
EP  - 398
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Surficial deposits of the OH-bearing iron sulfate mineral jarosite have been observed in several places on Mars, such as Meridiani Planum and Mawrth Vallis. The specific depositional conditions and mechanisms are not known, but by comparing martian sites to analogous locations on Earth, the conditions of formation and, thus, the martian depositional paleoenvironments may be postulated. Located in a cold semi-arid desert ∼100km east of Norman Wells, Northwest Territories, Canada, the Golden Deposit (GD) is visible from the air as a brilliant golden-yellow patch of unvegetated soil, approximately 140m×50m. The GD is underlain by permafrost and consists of yellow sediment, which is precipitating from seeps of acidic, iron-bearing groundwater. On the surface, the GD appears as a patchwork of raised polygons, with acidic waters flowing from seeps in troughs between polygonal islands. Although UV–Vis–NIR spectral analysis detects only jarosite, mineralogy, as determined by X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, is predominantly natrojarosite and jarosite, with hydronium jarosite, goethite, quartz, clays, and small amounts of hematite. Water pH varies significantly over short distances depending on proximity to acid seeps, from 2.3 directly above seeps, to 5.7 several m downstream from seeps within the deposit, and up to 6.5 in ponds proximal to the deposit. Visual observations of microbial filament communities and phospholipid fatty acid analyses confirm that the GD is capable of supporting life for at least part of the year. Jarosite-bearing sediments extend beneath vegetation up to 70m out from the deposit and are mixed with plant debris and minerals presumably weathered from bedrock and glacial till. This site is of particular interest because mineralogy (natrojarosite, jarosite, hematite, and goethite) and environmental conditions (permafrost and arid conditions) at the time of deposition are conceivably analogous to jarosite deposits on Mars. Most terrestrial analogues for Mars jarosites have been identified in temperate environments, where evaporation rates are very high and jarosites form along with other sulfates due to rapid evaporation (e.g. Rio Tinto, Spain; Western Australian acidic saline lake deposits). The GD is a rare example of an analogue site where jarosite precipitates under dominant freezing processes similar to those which could have prevailed on early Mars. Thus, the GD offers a new perspective on jarosite deposition by the upwelling of acidic waters through permafrost at Meridiani Planum and Mawrth Vallis, Mars. The GD also demonstrates that martian deposits may show considerably more chemical and mineral variability than indicated by the current remote sensing data sets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JAROSITE
KW  - IRON sulfates
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - SHIELDS (Geology)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - NORTHWEST Territories
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 88985959; Battler, Melissa M. 1; Email Address: mbattle@uwo.ca Osinski, Gordon R. 1,2 Lim, Darlene S.S. 3,4 Davila, Alfonso F. 3,4 Michel, Frederick A. 5 Craig, Michael A. 1 Izawa, Matthew R.M. 1 Leoni, Lisa 6 Slater, Gregory F. 6 Fairén, Alberto G. 3,4 Preston, Louisa J. 1 Banerjee, Neil R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7  2: Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Institute of Environmental Science, 2240 Herzberg Bldg., Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Dr., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1S 5B6  6: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON, Canada L8S 4K1; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 224 Issue 2, p382; Subject Term: JAROSITE; Subject Term: IRON sulfates; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: SHIELDS (Geology); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: NORTHWEST Territories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.05.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88985959&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clarke, Jonathan D.A.
AU  - Stoker, Carol R.
T1  - Searching for stromatolites: The 3.4Ga Strelley Pool Formation (Pilbara region, Western Australia) as a Mars analogue.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 224
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 423
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Stromatolites are readily identified, outcrop scale indicators of potential biological activity, even though constructed by microbes. Their presence in −J.5Ga volcano-sedimentary successions of the Pilbara region of Western Australia suggests that they might also occur in similar, Noachian-agc successions On Mars. Field and basic laboratory studies of one such occurrence near Nullagine highlight many issues that would be faced by any stromatolite search strategy on Mars. Firstly, the stromatolites are found in local aggregations that make up a very small part of the overall succession, possibly as little as one millionth of the outcrop area. An effective search strategy would require a combination of remote sensing to highlight features with high probability of hosting stromatolites, precision landing, and extensive cross-country mobility, difficult to achieve with a purely unmanned exploration system. Secondly, the limited analytical suite available to any unmanned mission would make conclusive determination of the biogenicity of any stromatolite-like feature on Mars very difficult. This is shown by the controversy over the biogenicity of the Pilbara examples, despite a much greater range of analytical techniques applied to the Pilbara examples. Once possible stromatolites features have been found on Mars, sample return would be imperative to determine their biogenicity. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STROMATOLITES
KW  - OUTCROPS (Geology)
KW  - BIOINDICATORS
KW  - VOLCANOES
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Mars, surface
KW  - Search for extraterrestrial life
N1  - Accession Number: 88985961; Clarke, Jonathan D.A. 1; Email Address: Jon.Clarke@bigpond.com Stoker, Carol R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mars Society Australia, c/o 43 Michell St., Monash, ACT 2904, Australia  2: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 224 Issue 2, p413; Subject Term: STROMATOLITES; Subject Term: OUTCROPS (Geology); Subject Term: BIOINDICATORS; Subject Term: VOLCANOES; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Search for extraterrestrial life; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.02.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88985961&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Konishi, Christopher
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Investigation of the influence of orientation on critical heat flux for flow boiling with two-phase inlet.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 61
M3  - Article
SP  - 176
EP  - 190
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: This study explores the mechanism of flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF) for FC-72 in a rectangular channel fitted along one side with a heated wall. The flow is supplied as a two-phase mixture and the channel is tested at different orientations relative to Earth’s gravity. High-speed video imaging is used to identify the CHF trigger mechanism for different orientations, mass velocities and inlet qualities. It is shown that orientation has a significant influence on CHF for low mass velocities and small inlet qualities, with the orientations surrounding horizontal flow with downward-facing heated wall causing stratification of the vapor towards the heated wall and yielding very small CHF values. High mass velocities cause appreciable diminution in the influence of orientation on CHF, which is evidenced by similar flow patterns and CHF trigger mechanism regardless of orientation. The interfacial lift-off model is shown to predict the influence of orientation on CHF with good accuracy. Overall, this study points to the effectiveness of high mass velocities at combating buoyancy effects and helping produce CHF values insensitive to orientation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INLETS
KW  - PRESSURIZED water reactors -- Critical heat flux
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - EARTH (Planet) -- Gravity
KW  - ACCURACY
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - MIXTURES
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Flow orientation
N1  - Accession Number: 89162248; Konishi, Christopher 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 61, p176; Subject Term: INLETS; Subject Term: PRESSURIZED water reactors -- Critical heat flux; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet) -- Gravity; Subject Term: ACCURACY; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow orientation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.01.076
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89162248&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Hyoungsoon
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Experimental and theoretical investigation of annular flow condensation in microgravity.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 61
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 309
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: Vehicles for future manned space missions will demand unprecedented increases in power requirements and heat dissipation. Achieving these goals while maintaining acceptable size and weight limits will require replacing present single-phase thermal management components with far more efficient two-phase counterparts. This study discusses the development of an experimental facility for the study of annular condensation of FC-72 in microgravity, which was tested in parabolic flight as a prelude to the development of NASA’s Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE) for the International Space Station (ISS). The flow behavior of the condensate film is shown to be sensitive mostly to the mass velocity of FC-72, with low mass velocities yielding laminar flow with a smooth interface, and high mass velocities turbulent flow with appreciable interfacial waviness. A select number of tests repeated in microgravity, Lunar gravity and Martian gravity prove that the influence of gravity is very pronounced at low mass velocities, manifest by circumferential uniformity for microgravity versus appreciable thickening along one side of the condensation tube for Lunar and Martian conditions. However, the thickening is nonexistent for Lunar and Martian conditions at high mass velocities due to increased vapor shear on the film interface, proving high mass velocity is an effective means to negating the influence of gravity in space missions. For microgravity, the condensation heat transfer coefficient is highest near the inlet, where the film is both thin and laminar, and decreases along the condensation length, but increases again downstream for high mass velocities due to turbulence and increased waviness. A model is proposed to predict the condensation heat transfer which accounts for dampening of turbulent fluctuations near the film interface. The model shows good agreement with the heat transfer coefficient data in both trend and magnitude. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANNULAR flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - ZERO gravity experiments
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - THERMAL management (Electronic packaging)
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - MOON
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - Annular flow
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 89162258; Lee, Hyoungsoon 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 61, p293; Subject Term: ANNULAR flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: ZERO gravity experiments; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: THERMAL management (Electronic packaging); Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Annular flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89162258&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Konishi, Christopher
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Erratum to “Investigation of the influence of orientation on critical heat flux for flow boiling with two-phase inlet” [Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 61 (2013) 176–190].
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 61
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 759
EP  - 759
SN  - 00179310
N1  - Accession Number: 89162300; Konishi, Christopher 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 61, p759; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.03.065
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89162300&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poulain, X.
AU  - Kohlman, L.W.
AU  - Binienda, W.
AU  - Roberts, G.D.
AU  - Goldberg, R.K.
AU  - Benzerga, A.A.
T1  - Determination of the intrinsic behavior of polymers using digital image correlation combined with video-monitored testing.
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 50
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1869
EP  - 1878
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Abstract: Three methods for the determination of the large-strain behavior of ductile polymers are compared in both tension and compression. Each method relies on some (non-contact) measurement of the strain and some approximations in the calculation of stress. The strain measurement techniques include digital image correlation (DIC) and two techniques of video-based extensometry: marker tracking and area variation monitoring. Since the specimens are inevitably subject to structural plastic instabilities (necking in tension, barreling in compression) the strain and stress states are no longer uniform in the gauge section after the peak load. Under such circumstances, it is demonstrated that the three experimental methods can lead to significant differences. It is inferred from the comparative analysis that the method based on vertical marker tracking is not reliable. Validated by DIC, video-based area variation is shown to be a simple alternative way to obtain an excellent estimate of the intrinsic true stress–strain behavior of the polymer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DIGITAL image correlation
KW  - DUCTILITY
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - Large strain behavior
KW  - Plastic instability
KW  - Tension–compression asymmetry
KW  - True stress–strain measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 89068836; Poulain, X. 1 Kohlman, L.W. 2 Binienda, W. 2 Roberts, G.D. 3 Goldberg, R.K. 3 Benzerga, A.A. 1,4; Email Address: benzerga@tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M University College Station, TX 77843, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 50 Issue 11/12, p1869; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DIGITAL image correlation; Subject Term: DUCTILITY; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large strain behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plastic instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tension–compression asymmetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: True stress–strain measurement; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.01.041
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89068836&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blossey, Peter N.
AU  - Bretherton, Christopher S.
AU  - Zhang, Minghua
AU  - Cheng, Anning
AU  - Endo, Satoshi
AU  - Heus, Thijs
AU  - Liu, Yangang
AU  - Lock, Adrian P.
AU  - Roode, Stephan R.
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
T1  - Marine low cloud sensitivity to an idealized climate change: The CGILS LES intercomparison.
JO  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
JF  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 234
EP  - 258
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 19422466
AB  - Subtropical marine low cloud sensitivity to an idealized climate change is compared in six large-eddy simulation (LES) models as part of CGILS. July cloud cover is simulated at three locations over the subtropical northeast Pacific Ocean, which are typified by cold sea surface temperatures (SSTs) under well-mixed stratocumulus, cool SSTs under decoupled stratocumulus, and shallow cumulus clouds overlying warmer SSTs. The idealized climate change includes a uniform 2 K SST increase with corresponding moist-adiabatic warming aloft and subsidence changes, but no change in free-tropospheric relative humidity, surface wind speed, or CO2. For each case, realistic advective forcings and boundary conditions are generated for the control and perturbed states which each LES runs for 10 days into a quasi-steady state. For the control climate, the LESs correctly produce the expected cloud type at all three locations. With the perturbed forcings, all models simulate boundary-layer deepening due to reduced subsidence in the warmer climate, with less deepening at the warm-SST location due to regulation by precipitation. The models do not show a consistent response of liquid water path and albedo in the perturbed climate, though the majority predict cloud thickening (negative cloud feedback) at the cold-SST location and slight cloud thinning (positive cloud feedback) at the cool-SST and warm-SST locations. In perturbed climate simulations at the cold-SST location without the subsidence decrease, cloud albedo consistently decreases across the models. Thus, boundary-layer cloud feedback on climate change involves compensating thermodynamic and dynamic effects of warming and may interact with patterns of subsidence change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - cloud feedbacks
N1  - Accession Number: 89241372; Blossey, Peter N. 1 Bretherton, Christopher S. 1 Zhang, Minghua 2 Cheng, Anning 3 Endo, Satoshi 4 Heus, Thijs 5 Liu, Yangang 4 Lock, Adrian P. 6 Roode, Stephan R. 7 Xu, Kuan-Man 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington  2: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc.  4: Atmospheric Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory  5: Max-Planck-Institut für Meteorologie  6: Foundation Science, Met Office  7: Department of Multi-Scale Physics, Delft University of Technology  8: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p234; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud feedbacks; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/jame.20025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89241372&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DOELLING, DAVID R.
AU  - LOEB, NORMAN G.
AU  - KEYES, DENNIS F.
AU  - NORDEEN, MICHELE L.
AU  - MORSTAD, DANIEL
AU  - NGUY, CATHY
AU  - WIELICKI, BRUCE A.
AU  - YOUNG, DAVID F.
AU  - MOGUO SUN
T1  - Geostationary Enhanced Temporal Interpolation for CERES Flux Products.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1072
EP  - 1090
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on board the Terra and Aqua spacecraft continue to provide an unprecedented global climate record of the earth's top-of-atmosphere (TOA) energy budget since March 2000. A critical step in determining accurate daily averaged flux involves estimating the flux between CERES Terra or Aqua overpass times. CERES employs the CERES-only (CO) and the CERES geostationary (CG) temporal interpolation methods. The CO method assumes that the cloud properties at the time of the CERES observation remain constant and that it only accounts for changes in albedo with solar zenith angle and diurnal land heating, by assuming a shape for unresolved changes in the diurnal cycle. The CG method enhances the CERES data by explicitly accounting for changes in cloud and radiation between CERES observation times using 3-hourly imager data from five geostationary (GEO) satellites. To maintain calibration traceability, GEO radiances are calibrated against Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the derived GEO fluxes are normalized to the CERES measurements. While the regional (1° latitude x 1° longitude) monthly-mean difference between the CG and CO methods can exceed 25 W m-2 over marine stratus and land convection, these regional biases nearly cancel in the global mean. The regional monthly CG shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) flux uncertainty is reduced by 20%, whereas the daily uncertainty is reduced by 50% and 20%, respectively, over the CO method, based on comparisons with 15-min Geostationary Earth Radiation Budget (GERB) data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - SPECTRORADIOMETER
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 88456129; DOELLING, DAVID R. 1; Email Address: david.r.doelling@nasa.gov LOEB, NORMAN G. 1 KEYES, DENNIS F. 2 NORDEEN, MICHELE L. 2 MORSTAD, DANIEL 2 NGUY, CATHY 2 WIELICKI, BRUCE A. 1 YOUNG, DAVID F. 1 MOGUO SUN 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: SSAI, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1072; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: SPECTRORADIOMETER; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00136.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88456129&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ROSE, FRED G.
AU  - RUTAN, DAVID A.
AU  - CHARLOCK, THOMAS
AU  - SMITH, G. LOUIS
AU  - KATO, SEIJI
T1  - An Algorithm for the Constraining of Radiative Transfer Calculations to CERES-Observed Broadband Top-of-Atmosphere Irradiance.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1091
EP  - 1106
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 07390572
AB  - NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project is responsible for operation and data processing of observations from scanning radiometers on board the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), Terra, Aqua, and Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership (NPP) sateliites. The clouds and radiative swath (CRS) CERES data product contains irradiances computed using a radiative transfer model for nearly all CERES footprints in addition to top-of-atmosphere (TOA) irradiances derived from observed radiances by CERES instruments. This paper describes a method to constrain computed irradiances by CERES-derived TOA irradiances using Lagrangian multipliers. Radiative transfer model inputs include profiles of atmospheric temperature, humidity, aerosols and ozone, surface temperature and albedo, and up to two sets of cloud properties for a CERES footprint. Those inputs are adjusted depending on predefined uncertainties to match computed TOA and CERES-derived TOA irradiance. Because CERES instantaneous irradiances for an individual footprint also include uncertainties, primarily due to the conversion of radiance to irradiance using anisotropic directional models, the degree of the constraint depends on CERES-derived TOA irradiance as well. As a result of adjustment, TOA computed-minus-observed standard deviations are reduced from 8 to 4 W m-2 for longwave irradiance and from 15 to 6 W m-2 for shortwave irradiance. While agreement of computed TOA with CERES-derived irradiances improves, comparisons with surface observations show that model constrainment to the TOA does not reduce computation bias error at the surface. After constrainment, shortwave down at the surface has an increased bias (standard deviation) of 1% (0.5%) and longwave increases by 0.2% (0.1%). Clear-sky changes are negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Oceanic Technology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 88456130; ROSE, FRED G. 1 RUTAN, DAVID A. 1; Email Address: david.a.rutan@nasa.gov CHARLOCK, THOMAS 2 SMITH, G. LOUIS 1 KATO, SEIJI 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p1091; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 13 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00058.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88456130&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, Wing C.
AU  - Zalesak, Selina
AU  - Yoets, Airan
AU  - Capriotti, Jason
AU  - Smith, Melanie J.
AU  - Castro, Victoria A.
AU  - Pierson, Duane L.
AU  - Larrañaga, Michael
T1  - Effectiveness of HEPA Filter Vacuum in Removing Transient Microbial Contaminants on Cargo Bags Destined for the International Space Station.
JO  - Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene
JF  - Journal of Occupational & Environmental Hygiene
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 10
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - D71
EP  - D75
SN  - 15459624
AB  - The article discusses the efficacy of high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration in the removal of transient microbial contaminants on cargo bags that are meant to supply to the International Space Station (ISS). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) find that vacuum dust collection (VDC) systems equipped with HEPA filters appear to be a feasible option for controlling occupational and residential exposure to contaminants.
KW  - FILTERS & filtration
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - STERILIZATION (Disinfection)
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - GLOVES
KW  - MICROBIAL contamination
KW  - RESEARCH -- Finance
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - STATISTICAL hypothesis testing
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - MEDICAL equipment contamination
KW  - PREVENTION
KW  - TEXAS
N1  - Accession Number: 87978502; Wong, Wing C. 1,2; Email Address: wing.wong@nist.gov Zalesak, Selina 3 Yoets, Airan 1 Capriotti, Jason 2 Smith, Melanie J. 1 Castro, Victoria A. 1 Pierson, Duane L. 4 Larrañaga, Michael; Affiliation:  1: Enterprise Advisory Services, Houston, Texas  2: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland  3: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas  4: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 10 Issue 6, pD71; Subject Term: FILTERS & filtration; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: STERILIZATION (Disinfection); Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: GLOVES; Subject Term: MICROBIAL contamination; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: STATISTICAL hypothesis testing; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: MEDICAL equipment contamination; Subject Term: PREVENTION; Subject Term: TEXAS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414110 Clothing and clothing accessories merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315190 Other Apparel Knitting Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315210 Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315990 Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15459624.2013.784179
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87978502&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Huang, Jianping
AU  - Videen, Gorden
T1  - The 2nd International Symposium on Atmospheric Light Scattering and Remote Sensing (ISALSaRS'11)
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 122
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
SN  - 00224073
N1  - Accession Number: 87040411; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov Liu, Zhaoyan 1 Lin, Bing 2 Huang, Jianping 3 Videen, Gorden 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  3: Lanzhou University, China  4: US Army Research Lab, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 122, p1; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.12.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87040411&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Dong
AU  - Tang, Jiayuan
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Simulation of coherent Doppler wind lidar measurement from space based on CALIPSO lidar global aerosol observations
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 86
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The performance of a space-based 2.1-μm coherent Doppler wind lidar (CDWL) measurement at a single laser shot in clear-air conditions is computer simulated, based on the coherent Doppler lidar theory developed in the recent decades, and using the global aerosol distribution derived from one year (March 2007–February 2008) of the CALIPSO lidar measurements. The accuracy of radial wind velocity good estimates and the fraction of good estimates, depending on backscattered signals from aerosols, generally decrease with altitude. A critical altitude is defined as the altitude below which the good estimate fraction of velocity estimates is larger than 90.0%. With a laser pulse energy of 250mJ at an off-nadir pointing angle of 45°, a telescope of 1m in diameter and a vertical range resolution of ∼800m, this critical altitude can reach an altitude of 4.0–5.0km between 20°S and 40°N where dust and biomass burning aerosols are ubiquitous. The critical altitude gradually decreases as approaching the two poles and drops to 0.5–1.5km in the polar regions. When the laser pulse energy is reduced to 100mJ, the critical altitude is generally decreased by ∼0.5km and can still reach an altitude of 3.5–4.5km in the dust and smoke aerosol enriched tropical and subtropical regions. A laser pulse energy of only a few millijoules can still achieve velocity measurements with an RMS error smaller than 1ms−1 and a good estimate fraction better than 90% in the lowest kilometers of the troposphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - LASER pulses
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - Aerosol backscatter
KW  - CALIPSO lidar
KW  - Coherent Doppler wind lidar
KW  - Performance simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 87040419; Wu, Dong 1; Email Address: dongwu@ouc.edu.cn Tang, Jiayuan 1 Liu, Zhaoyan 2 Hu, Yongxiang 3; Affiliation:  1: College of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA23681, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 122, p79; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: LASER pulses; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol backscatter; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coherent Doppler wind lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance simulation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.11.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87040419&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Taiping
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Colleen Mikovitz, J.
AU  - Hinkelman, Laura M.
T1  - The validation of the GEWEX SRB surface shortwave flux data products using BSRN measurements: A systematic quality control, production and application approach
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 140
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project has produced a 24.5-year continuous record of global shortwave and longwave radiation fluxes at TOA and the Earth''s surface from satellite measurements. The time span of the data is from July 1983 to December 2007, and the spatial resolution is 1° latitude×1° longitude. The inputs of the latest version (Release 3.0) include the GEOS Version 4.0.3 meteorological information and cloud properties derived from ISCCP DX data. The SRB products are available on 3-hourly, 3-hourly-monthly, daily and monthly time scales. To assess the quality of the product, we extensively validated the SRB data against 5969 site-months of ground-based measurements from 52 Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) stations. This paper describes first the characteristics of the BSRN data and the GEWEX SRB data, the methodology for quality control and processing of the shortwave BSRN data, and then the systematic SRB-BSRN comparisons. It is found that, except for occasional extreme outliers as seen in scatter plots, the satellite-based surface radiation data generally agree very well with BSRN measurements. Specifically, the bias/RMS for the daily and monthly mean shortwave fluxes are, respectively, -3.6/35.5 and -5.2/23.3W° m−2 under all-sky conditions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUALITY control
KW  - META-analysis
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - BSRN
KW  - GEWEX SRB
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Solar radiation
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 87040424; Zhang, Taiping 1; Email Address: Taiping.Zhang@NASA.gov Stackhouse, Paul W. 2; Email Address: Paul.W.Stackhouse@NASA.gov Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Cox, Stephen J. 1 Colleen Mikovitz, J. 1 Hinkelman, Laura M. 3; Affiliation:  1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666-5845, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: JISAO, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-5672, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 122, p127; Subject Term: QUALITY control; Subject Term: META-analysis; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: BSRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEWEX SRB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.10.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87040424&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Stackhouse, Jr., Paul
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Fan, Tai-Fang (Alice)
T1  - Is Oklahoma getting drier?
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 208
EP  - 213
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Land surface hydrology is important to regional climate, ecosystem, agriculture, and even human activities. Changes in soil moisture can produce considerable impacts on socioeconomics. Analysis of assimilation model results, especially those from the Community Land Model, shows that soil moisture over Oklahoma region is continuously reduced from 1980 to 2009. The potential drying trend in the Oklahoma region is evaluated by observations taken during last three decades in this study. Satellite data from Global Precipitation Climatology Project exhibit a clear precipitation decrease in the Oklahoma region during the last decade or so compared with those of two or three decades ago. Accompanying with the precipitation variation, land surface net radiation and temperature over the region are found increases by satellite and/or in-situ measurements. These changes in regional climate conditions also likely result in reduction of regional evaporation and enhancement of sensible heat transport from land surface into the atmosphere as indicated in assimilated data. These observed and modeled evidences of the changes in regional water and energy cycles lead us to conclude that the soil moisture over the Oklahoma region was reduced during the last decade. This soil moisture drop could increase a risk in water shortage for agriculture in the Oklahoma state if the dry period continues. Further investigations on the drying in the Oklahoma State or even entire Southern Great Plains are needed to mitigate potential droughts, reductions in vegetation products, and other socioeconomic impacts. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - SOCIOECONOMICS
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - ECONOMIC impact
KW  - CLIMATE research
KW  - OKLAHOMA
KW  - In-situ measurement
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Satellite remote sensing
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Surface latent and sensible heat
KW  - Surface radiation
KW  - Surface temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 87040431; Lin, Bing 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov Stackhouse, Jr., Paul 1 Sun, Wenbo 2 Hu, Yongxiang 1 Liu, Zhaoyan 2 Fan, Tai-Fang (Alice) 2; Affiliation:  1: Sciences Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: SSAI, One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 122, p208; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: SOCIOECONOMICS; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ECONOMIC impact; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; Subject Term: OKLAHOMA; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-situ measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface latent and sensible heat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface temperature; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.07.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Liu, Zhaoyan
AU  - Videen, Gorden
AU  - Fu, Qiang
AU  - Muinonen, Karri
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Lukashin, Constantine
AU  - Jin, Zhonghai
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Huang, Jianping
T1  - For the depolarization of linearly polarized light by smoke particles
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 233
EP  - 237
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: The CALIPSO satellite mission consistently measures volume (including molecule and particulate) light depolarization ratio of ∼2% for smoke, compared to ∼1% for marine aerosols and ∼15% for dust. The observed ∼2% smoke depolarization ratio comes primarily from the nonspherical habits of particles in the smoke at certain particle sizes. In this study, the depolarization of linearly polarized light by small sphere aggregates and irregular Gaussian-shaped particles is studied, to reveal the physics between the depolarization of linearly polarized light and smoke aerosol shape and size. It is found that the depolarization ratio curves of Gaussian-deformed spheres are very similar to sphere aggregates in terms of scattering-angle dependence and particle size parameters when particle size parameter is smaller than 1.0π. This demonstrates that small randomly oriented nonspherical particles have some common depolarization properties as functions of scattering angle and size parameter. This may be very useful information for characterization and active remote sensing of smoke particles using polarized light. We also show that the depolarization ratio from the CALIPSO measurements could be used to derive smoke aerosol particle size. From the calculation results for light depolarization ratio by Gaussian-shaped smoke particles and the CALIPSO-measured light depolarization ratio of ∼2% for smoke, the mean particle size of South-African smoke is estimated to be about half of the 532nm wavelength of the CALIPSO lidar. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - Depolarization ratio
KW  - Linearly polarized light
KW  - Particle characterization
KW  - Smoke aerosol
N1  - Accession Number: 87040433; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: w.sun@larc.nasa.gov Liu, Zhaoyan 1 Videen, Gorden 2 Fu, Qiang 3 Muinonen, Karri 4 Winker, David M. 5 Lukashin, Constantine 5 Jin, Zhonghai 1 Lin, Bing 5 Huang, Jianping 6; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: United States Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA  3: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  4: University of Helsinki, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 122, p233; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Depolarization ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linearly polarized light; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Smoke aerosol; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2012.03.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Britch, Seth C.
AU  - Binepal, Yatinder S.
AU  - Ruder, Mark G.
AU  - Kariithi, Henry M.
AU  - Linthicum, Kenneth J.
AU  - Anyamba, Assaf
AU  - Small, Jennifer L.
AU  - Tucker, Compton J.
AU  - Ateya, Leonard O.
AU  - Oriko, Abuu A.
AU  - Gacheru, Stephen
AU  - Wilson, William C.
T1  - Rift Valley Fever Risk Map Model and Seroprevalence in Selected Wild Ungulates and Camels from Kenya.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Since the first isolation of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) in the 1930s, there have been multiple epizootics and epidemics in animals and humans in sub-Saharan Africa. Prospective climate-based models have recently been developed that flag areas at risk of RVFV transmission in endemic regions based on key environmental indicators that precede Rift Valley fever (RVF) epizootics and epidemics. Although the timing and locations of human case data from the 2006–2007 RVF outbreak in Kenya have been compared to risk zones flagged by the model, seroprevalence of RVF antibodies in wildlife has not yet been analyzed in light of temporal and spatial predictions of RVF activity. Primarily wild ungulate serum samples from periods before, during, and after the 2006–2007 RVF epizootic were analyzed for the presence of RVFV IgM and/or IgG antibody. Results show an increase in RVF seropositivity from samples collected in 2007 (31.8%), compared to antibody prevalence observed from 2000–2006 (3.3%). After the epizootic, average RVF seropositivity diminished to 5% in samples collected from 2008–2009. Overlaying maps of modeled RVF risk assessments with sampling locations indicated positive RVF serology in several species of wild ungulate in or near areas flagged as being at risk for RVF. Our results establish the need to continue and expand sero-surveillance of wildlife species Kenya and elsewhere in the Horn of Africa to further calibrate and improve the RVF risk model, and better understand the dynamics of RVFV transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RIFT Valley fever
KW  - FEVER
KW  - SEROPREVALENCE
KW  - CAMELS
KW  - VETERINARY epidemiology
KW  - ANIMAL diseases
KW  - RISK factors
KW  - KENYA
KW  - Diagnostic medicine
KW  - Global health
KW  - Infectious diseases
KW  - Medicine
KW  - Neglected tropical diseases
KW  - Public health
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Rift Valley fever
KW  - Veterinary diseases
KW  - Veterinary epidemiology
KW  - Veterinary medicine
KW  - Veterinary microbiology
KW  - Veterinary science
KW  - Viral diseases
N1  - Accession Number: 88909565; Britch, Seth C. 1 Binepal, Yatinder S. 2 Ruder, Mark G. 3 Kariithi, Henry M. 2 Linthicum, Kenneth J. 1 Anyamba, Assaf 4 Small, Jennifer L. 4 Tucker, Compton J. 4 Ateya, Leonard O. 2 Oriko, Abuu A. 2 Gacheru, Stephen 5 Wilson, William C. 3; Email Address: william.wilson@ars.usda.gov; Affiliation:  1: 1 Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America  2: 2 Biotechnology Center, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya  3: 3 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, Center for Grain and Animal Health Research, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America  4: 4 National Aeronautics and Space Administration-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States of America  5: 5 Director of Veterinary Services, Private Bag, Kabete, Kenya; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: RIFT Valley fever; Subject Term: FEVER; Subject Term: SEROPREVALENCE; Subject Term: CAMELS; Subject Term: VETERINARY epidemiology; Subject Term: ANIMAL diseases; Subject Term: RISK factors; Subject Term: KENYA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neglected tropical diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rift Valley fever; Author-Supplied Keyword: Veterinary diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Veterinary epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Veterinary medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Veterinary microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Veterinary science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viral diseases; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0066626
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horikawa, Daiki D.
AU  - Cumbers, John
AU  - Sakakibara, Iori
AU  - Rogoff, Dana
AU  - Leuko, Stefan
AU  - Harnoto, Raechel
AU  - Arakawa, Kazuharu
AU  - Katayama, Toshiaki
AU  - Kunieda, Takekazu
AU  - Toyoda, Atsushi
AU  - Fujiyama, Asao
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
T1  - Analysis of DNA Repair and Protection in the Tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus and Hypsibius dujardini after Exposure to UVC Radiation.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Tardigrades inhabiting terrestrial environments exhibit extraordinary resistance to ionizing radiation and UV radiation although little is known about the mechanisms underlying the resistance. We found that the terrestrial tardigrade Ramazzottius varieornatus is able to tolerate massive doses of UVC irradiation by both being protected from forming UVC-induced thymine dimers in DNA in a desiccated, anhydrobiotic state as well as repairing the dimers that do form in the hydrated animals. In R. varieornatus accumulation of thymine dimers in DNA induced by irradiation with 2.5 kJ/m2 of UVC radiation disappeared 18 h after the exposure when the animals were exposed to fluorescent light but not in the dark. Much higher UV radiation tolerance was observed in desiccated anhydrobiotic R. varieornatus compared to hydrated specimens of this species. On the other hand, the freshwater tardigrade species Hypsibius dujardini that was used as control, showed much weaker tolerance to UVC radiation than R. varieornatus, and it did not contain a putative phrA gene sequence. The anhydrobiotes of R. varieornatus accumulated much less UVC-induced thymine dimers in DNA than hydrated one. It suggests that anhydrobiosis efficiently avoids DNA damage accumulation in R. varieornatus and confers better UV radiation tolerance on this species. Thus we propose that UV radiation tolerance in tardigrades is due to the both high capacities of DNA damage repair and DNA protection, a two-pronged survival strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DNA repair
KW  - TARDIGRADA
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - THYMINE
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biology
KW  - Biophysics
KW  - DNA
KW  - Genomics
KW  - Molecular cell biology
KW  - Nucleic acids
KW  - Radiation biophysics
KW  - Radiation effects
KW  - Radiation exposure
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Zoology
N1  - Accession Number: 88908135; Horikawa, Daiki D. 1,2; Email Address: horikawadd@gmail.com Cumbers, John 1,3 Sakakibara, Iori 4,5,6 Rogoff, Dana 1 Leuko, Stefan 1 Harnoto, Raechel 7 Arakawa, Kazuharu 8 Katayama, Toshiaki 9 Kunieda, Takekazu 10 Toyoda, Atsushi 11 Fujiyama, Asao 12 Rothschild, Lynn J. 1,2,3; Email Address: Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: 1 Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  2: 2 NASA Astrobiology Institute  3: 3 Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America  4: 4 INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France  5: 5 CNRS UMR 8104, Paris, France  6: 6 Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France  7: 7 California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States of America  8: 8 Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan  9: 9 Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan  10: 10 Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan  11: 11 Center for Information Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan  12: 12 Principles of Informatics Research Division, National Institute of Informatics, Tokyo, Japan; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: DNA repair; Subject Term: TARDIGRADA; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: THYMINE; Subject Term: DNA damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genomics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular cell biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleic acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation biophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zoology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0064793
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoon, Junro
AU  - Hunter, Gary
AU  - Akbar, Sheikh
AU  - Dutta, Prabir K.
T1  - Interface reaction and its effect on the performance of a CO2 gas sensor based on Li0.35La0.55TiO3 electrolyte and Li2CO3 sensing electrode.
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 182
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 103
SN  - 09254005
AB  - A new potentiometric CO2 gas sensor using lithium–lanthanum–titanate (Li0.35La0.55TiO3, LLTO) electrolyte, Li2CO3 sensing electrode, and Li2TiO3 +TiO2 reference electrode was investigated. The microstructure and electrical properties of the optimized solid electrolyte were examined and the measured conductivity values were found consistent with those reported in literature. The performance of the sensor depended both on the fabrication temperature and the sensor operation temperature. Sensors with the sensing electrode fabricated above 500°C performed poorly. For sensing electrodes fabricated at 500°C, as the sensing temperature increased from 300 to 450°C, the performance of the sensor improved (near Nernstian response), but above 450°C, the sensor degraded. The proposed hypothesis for the degradation beyond 450°C is that at low levels of CO2 (ppb in the background), Li2CO3 reacts with LLTO resulting in insertion of Li+ into LLTO that causes changes in the electrical properties of the electrolyte. Poor performance of sensors fabricated at 700°C was due to formation of a new phase, LaLi1/3Ti2/3O3. Thermodynamic calculations combined with X-ray diffraction of the reaction products are used to support the hypothesis. Introduction of high concentrations of CO2 (~99.99%) during sensor fabrication (650°C) eliminated the reaction between Li2CO3 and LLTO, and also facilitated the bonding between the electrode and the electrolyte. As for long-term device performance, it is shown that the sensor can measure changes in CO2 concentrations reproducibly below temperatures of 450°C, as long as it is operated in conditions where there is a background of CO2, such as in ambient atmosphere or combustion environments. The sensor exhibits minimal interference toward oxygen, but significant interference to humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - TITANIUM dioxide
KW  - ELECTROLYTES
KW  - LITHIUM carbonate
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - CO2 sensor
KW  - Electrochemical device
KW  - Electrode–electrolyte interface
KW  - Interface reaction
KW  - Lithium ion conductor
KW  - Lithium lanthanum titanate
N1  - Accession Number: 89248316; Yoon, Junro 1,2 Hunter, Gary 3 Akbar, Sheikh 1,2; Email Address: akbar@matsceng.ohio-state.edu Dutta, Prabir K. 1,4; Email Address: dutta@chemistry.ohio-state.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Industrial Sensors and Measurements, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, OH 43210, United States  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  4: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, 100W 18; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 182, p95; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: TITANIUM dioxide; Subject Term: ELECTROLYTES; Subject Term: LITHIUM carbonate; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrochemical device; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrode–electrolyte interface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interface reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lithium ion conductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lithium lanthanum titanate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2013.02.104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
AU  - Chawla, Nitesh V.
T1  - Special Issue on CIDU '11.
JO  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
JF  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 157
SN  - 19321864
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including analyzing multidimensional text databases with micro-text clusters, discovering dynamic dipoles in climate data, and discovering strongly nonlinear dynamics based on climatic time series.
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 87610353; Srivastava, Ashok N. 1 Chawla, Nitesh V. 2; Affiliation:  1: General Chair, formerly with NASA Ames Research Center  2: Co-General Chair, University of Notre Dame; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p157; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/sam.11194
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87610353&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Das, Kamalika
AU  - Srivastava, Ashok N.
T1  - Sparse inverse kernel Gaussian Process regression.
JO  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
JF  - Statistical Analysis & Data Mining
Y1  - 2013/06//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 220
SN  - 19321864
AB  - Regression problems on massive data sets are ubiquitous in many application domains including the Internet, earth and space sciences, and finances. Gaussian Process regression (GPR) is a popular technique for modeling the input-output relations of a set of variables under the assumption that the weight vector has a Gaussian prior. However, it is challenging to apply GPR to large data sets since prediction based on the learned model requires inversion of an order n kernel matrix. Approximate solutions for sparse Gaussian Processes have been proposed for sparse problems. However, in almost all cases, these solution techniques are agnostic to the input domain and do not preserve the similarity structure in the data. As a result, although these solutions sometimes provide excellent accuracy, the models do not have interpretability. Such interpretable sparsity patterns are very important for many applications. We propose a new technique for sparse GPR that allows us to compute a parsimonious model while preserving the interpretability of the sparsity structure in the data. We discuss how the inverse kernel matrix used in Gaussian Process prediction gives valuable domain information and then adapt the inverse covariance estimation from Gaussian graphical models to estimate the Gaussian kernel. We solve the optimization problem using the alternating direction method of multipliers that is amenable to parallel computation. We compare the performance of this algorithm to different existing methods for sparse covariance regression in terms of both speed and accuracy. We demonstrate the performance of our method in terms of accuracy, scalability, and interpretability on two different satellite data sets from the climate domain. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 6: 205-220, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Statistical Analysis & Data Mining is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - BIG data
KW  - MATRIX inversion
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - ADMM
KW  - earth science data
KW  - Gaussian processes
KW  - sparse regression
N1  - Accession Number: 87610349; Das, Kamalika 1 Srivastava, Ashok N. 2; Affiliation:  1: UARC University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p205; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: BIG data; Subject Term: MATRIX inversion; Subject Term: DATA mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: ADMM; Author-Supplied Keyword: earth science data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: sparse regression; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/sam.11189
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eckstein, Miguel P.
AU  - Mack, Stephen C.
AU  - Liston, Dorion B.
AU  - Bogush, Lisa
AU  - Menzel, Randolf
AU  - Krauzlis, Richard J.
T1  - Rethinking human visual attention: Spatial cueing effects and optimality of decisions by honeybees, monkeys and humans.
JO  - Vision Research
JF  - Vision Research
Y1  - 2013/06/07/
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 19
SN  - 00426989
AB  - Abstract: Visual attention is commonly studied by using visuo-spatial cues indicating probable locations of a target and assessing the effect of the validity of the cue on perceptual performance and its neural correlates. Here, we adapt a cueing task to measure spatial cueing effects on the decisions of honeybees and compare their behavior to that of humans and monkeys in a similarly structured two-alternative forced-choice perceptual task. Unlike the typical cueing paradigm in which the stimulus strength remains unchanged within a block of trials, for the monkey and human studies we randomized the contrast of the signal to simulate more real world conditions in which the organism is uncertain about the strength of the signal. A Bayesian ideal observer that weights sensory evidence from cued and uncued locations based on the cue validity to maximize overall performance is used as a benchmark of comparison against the three animals and other suboptimal models: probability matching, ignore the cue, always follow the cue, and an additive bias/single decision threshold model. We find that the cueing effect is pervasive across all three species but is smaller in size than that shown by the Bayesian ideal observer. Humans show a larger cueing effect than monkeys and bees show the smallest effect. The cueing effect and overall performance of the honeybees allows rejection of the models in which the bees are ignoring the cue, following the cue and disregarding stimuli to be discriminated, or adopting a probability matching strategy. Stimulus strength uncertainty also reduces the theoretically predicted variation in cueing effect with stimulus strength of an optimal Bayesian observer and diminishes the size of the cueing effect when stimulus strength is low. A more biologically plausible model that includes an additive bias to the sensory response from the cued location, although not mathematically equivalent to the optimal observer for the case stimulus strength uncertainty, can approximate the benefits of the more computationally complex optimal Bayesian model. We discuss the implications of our findings on the field’s common conceptualization of covert visual attention in the cueing task and what aspects, if any, might be unique to humans. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Vision Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - HONEYBEES
KW  - MONKEYS
KW  - DECISION making in animals
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - VISUAL perception in insects
KW  - Bayesian ideal observer
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Human monkey bee psychophysics
KW  - Posner cueing paradigm
KW  - Visual attention
N1  - Accession Number: 89278496; Eckstein, Miguel P. 1; Email Address: eckstein@psych.ucsb.edu Mack, Stephen C. 1; Email Address: mack@psych.ucsb.edu Liston, Dorion B. 2,3; Email Address: dorion.b.liston@nasa.gov Bogush, Lisa 4; Email Address: bogusch@neurobiologie.fu-berlin.de Menzel, Randolf 4; Email Address: menzel@neurobiologie.fu-berlin.de Krauzlis, Richard J. 5; Email Address: richard.krauzlis@nih.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, United States  2: San José State University, San José, California, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States  4: Department of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany  5: Laboratory for Sensorimotor Research, National Eye Institute, National Institute of Health, United States; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 85, p5; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: HONEYBEES; Subject Term: MONKEYS; Subject Term: DECISION making in animals; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: VISUAL perception in insects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian ideal observer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human monkey bee psychophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Posner cueing paradigm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual attention; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112910 Apiculture; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.visres.2012.12.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - KITIASHVILI, I. N.
AU  - KOSOVICHEV, A. G.
AU  - LELE, S. K.
AU  - MANSOUR, N. N.
AU  - WRAY, A. A.
T1  - UBIQUITOUS SOLAR ERUPTIONS DRIVEN BY MAGNETIZED VORTEX TUBES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/06/10/
VL  - 770
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The solar surface is covered by high-speed jets transporting mass and energy into the solar corona and feeding the solar wind. The most prominent of these jets have been known as spicules. However, the mechanism initiating these eruption events is still unknown. Using realistic numerical simulations we find that small-scale eruptions are produced by ubiquitous magnetized vortex tubes generated by the Sun's turbulent convection in subsurface layers. The swirling vortex tubes (resembling tornadoes) penetrate into the solar atmosphere, capture and stretch background magnetic field, and push the surrounding material up, generating shocks. Our simulations reveal complicated high-speed flow patterns and thermodynamic and magnetic structure in the erupting vortex tubes. The main new results are: (1) the eruptions are initiated in the subsurface layers and are driven by high-pressure gradients in the subphotosphere and photosphere and by the Lorentz force in the higher atmosphere layers; (2) the fluctuations in the vortex tubes penetrating into the chromosphere are quasi-periodic with a characteristic period of 2-5 minutes; and (3) the eruptions are highly non-uniform: the flows are predominantly downward in the vortex tube cores and upward in their surroundings; the plasma density and temperature vary significantly across the eruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX tubes
KW  - SUN
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - magnetic fields
KW  - magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - plasmas
KW  - Sun: chromosphere
KW  - Sun: photosphere
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 90159571; KITIASHVILI, I. N. 1,2,3; Email Address: irinasun@stanford.edu KOSOVICHEV, A. G. 1 LELE, S. K. 2,4 MANSOUR, N. N. 2,5 WRAY, A. A. 2,5; Affiliation:  1: Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  3: Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia  4: Aeronautics and Astronautics Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA; Source Info: 6/10/2013, Vol. 770 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: VORTEX tubes; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: chromosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: photosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/770/1/37
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xapsos
AU  - O'Neill
AU  - O'Brien, T. Paul
T1  - Near-Earth Space Radiation Models.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2013/06/10/Jun2013 Part 2
VL  - 60
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1691
EP  - 1705
SN  - 00189499
AB  - Review of models of the near-Earth space radiation environment is presented, including recent developments in trapped proton and electron, galactic cosmic ray and solar particle event models geared toward spacecraft electronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - ASTRIONICS
KW  - Belts
KW  - Data models
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Monte Carlo methods
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Protons
KW  - Satellites
KW  - solar particle events
KW  - space radiation models
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - trapped particles
N1  - Accession Number: 88206564; Xapsos 1 O'Neill 2 O'Brien, T. Paul 3; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  2: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA  3: Aerospace Corporation, Chantilly, VA, USA; Source Info: Jun2013 Part 2, Vol. 60 Issue 3, p1691; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: ASTRIONICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Belts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar particle events; Author-Supplied Keyword: space radiation models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: trapped particles; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2012.2225846
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siwak, Michal
AU  - Rucinski, Slavek M.
AU  - Matthews, Jaymie M.
AU  - Kuschnig, Rainer
AU  - Guenther, David B.
AU  - Moffat, Anthony F. J.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Sasselov, Dimitar
AU  - Weiss, Werner W.
T1  - Photometric variability in FU Ori and Z CMa as observed by MOST★.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2013/06/11/
VL  - 432
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 194
EP  - 199
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Photometric observations obtained by the MOST satellite were used to characterize optical small-scale variability of the young stars FU Ori and Z CMa. Wavelet analysis for FU Ori reveals the possible existence of several 2–9 d quasi-periodic features occurring nearly simultaneously; they may be interpreted as plasma parcels or other localized disc heterogeneities revolving at different Keplerian radii in the accretion disc. Their periods may shorten slowly which may be due to spiralling in of individual parcels towards the inner disc radius, estimated at 4.8 ± 0.2 R⊙. Analysis of additional multicolour data confirms the previously obtained relation between variations in the B − V colour index and the V magnitude. In contrast to the FU Ori results, the oscillation spectrum of Z CMa does not reveal any periodicities with the wavelet spectrum possibly dominated by outburst of the Herbig Be component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - ACCRETION disks
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - stars: individual: FU Ori
KW  - stars: individual: Z CMa
N1  - Accession Number: 100506690; Siwak, Michal 1 Rucinski, Slavek M. 2 Matthews, Jaymie M. 3 Kuschnig, Rainer 3,4 Guenther, David B. 5 Moffat, Anthony F. J. 6 Rowe, Jason F. 7 Sasselov, Dimitar 8 Weiss, Werner W. 4; Affiliation:  1: Mount Suhora Astronomical Observatory, Cracov Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, 30-084 Krakow, Poland  2: Deparntment of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4, Canada  3: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  4: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria  5: Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  6: Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale: Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 432 Issue 1, p194; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ACCRETION disks; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: FU Ori; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: Z CMa; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Yachmenev, Andrey
AU  - Thiel, Walter
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - On the use of quartic force fields in variational calculations.
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/06/14/
VL  - 574
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Highlights: [•] Quartic force fields (QFFs) yield highly accurate vibrational spectra using variational methods. [•] The QFF needs to be transformed into a coordinate system with correct limiting behavior. [•] For stretches, a Morse coordinate is defined and shown to perform very well. [•] For bends and other motions, cosine or sine coordinates are most often used. [•] QFFs can maintain exact symmetry for non-Abelian groups, yielding exactly degenerate vibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - ABELIAN groups
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - FIELD theory (Algebra)
N1  - Accession Number: 89280691; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2 Yachmenev, Andrey 3 Thiel, Walter 3 Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, D-45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 574, p1; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Subject Term: ABELIAN groups; Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: FIELD theory (Algebra); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.03.078
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cziczo, Daniel J.
AU  - Froyd, Karl D.
AU  - Hoose, Corinna
AU  - Jensen, Eric J.
AU  - Diao, Minghui
AU  - Zondlo, Mark A.
AU  - Smith, Jessica B.
AU  - Twohy, Cynthia H.
AU  - Murphy, Daniel M.
T1  - Clarifying the Dominant Sources and Mechanisms of Cirrus Cloud Formation.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/06/14/
VL  - 340
IS  - 6138
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1324
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Formation of cirrus clouds depends on the availability of ice nuclei to begin condensation of atmospheric water vapor. Although it is known that only a small fraction of atmospheric aerosols are efficient ice nuclei, the critical ingredients that make those aerosols so effective have not been established. We have determined in situ the composition of the residual particles within cirrus crystals after the ice was sublimated. Our results demonstrate that mineral dust and metallic particles are the dominant source of residual particles, whereas sulfate and organic particles are underrepresented, and elemental carbon and biological materials are essentially absent. Further, composition analysis combined with relative humidity measurements suggests that heterogeneous freezing was the dominant formation mechanism of these clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - ICE nuclei
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - CONDENSATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - MINERAL dusts
KW  - HYGROMETRY
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 88323971; Cziczo, Daniel J. 1; Email Address: djcziczo@mit.edu Froyd, Karl D. 2,3 Hoose, Corinna 4 Jensen, Eric J. 5 Diao, Minghui 6 Zondlo, Mark A. 6 Smith, Jessica B. 7 Twohy, Cynthia H. 8 Murphy, Daniel M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave-nue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research-Atmospheric Aerosol Re-search, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  7: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Source Info: 6/14/2013, Vol. 340 Issue 6138, p1320; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: ICE nuclei; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: CONDENSATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: MINERAL dusts; Subject Term: HYGROMETRY; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1234145
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norman, R.B.
AU  - Slaba, T.C.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
T1  - An extension of HZETRN for cosmic ray initiated electromagnetic cascades.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/06/15/
VL  - 51
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2251
EP  - 2260
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Safe and efficient mission operations in space require an accurate understanding of the physical interactions of space radiation. As the primary space radiation interacts with intervening materials, the composition and spectrum of the radiation environment changes. The production of secondary particles can make a significant contribution to radiation exposure. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code, HZETRN, is extended to include the transport of electrons, positrons, and photons. The production of these particles is coupled to the initial cosmic ray radiation environment through the decay of neutral pions, which produce high energy photons, and through the decay of muons, which produce electrons and positrons. The photons, electrons, and positrons interact with materials producing more photons, electrons and positrons generating an electromagnetic cascade. The relevant cross sections, transport equation, and solution method are introduced. Electron and positron production in Earth’s atmosphere is investigated and compared to experimental balloon-flight measurements. Reasonable agreement is seen between HZETRN and data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - SPACE research
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - COSMIC ray muons
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Electron
KW  - Muon
KW  - Pion
KW  - Positron
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 89104510; Norman, R.B. 1; Email Address: ryan.b.norman@nasa.gov Slaba, T.C. 2; Email Address: tony.c.slaba@nasa.gov Blattnig, S.R. 2; Email Address: steve.r.blattnig@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of Tennessee, 211 Pasqua Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 51 Issue 12, p2251; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: SPACE research; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: COSMIC ray muons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2013.01.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moradi, Isaac
AU  - Meng, Huan
AU  - Ferraro, Ralph R.
AU  - Bilanow, Stephen
T1  - Correcting Geolocation Errors for Microwave Instruments Aboard NOAA Satellites.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/06/15/Jun2013 Part 2
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3625
EP  - 3637
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Microwave (MW) satellite data are widely used as input in numerical weather prediction models and also in other applications such as climate monitoring and re-analysis. MW satellite data are prone to different problems, including geolocation errors. These data do not have a fine spatial resolution like visible and infrared data; therefore, the accuracy of their geolocation cannot be easily determined using the normal methods such as superimposing coastlines on the satellite images. Currently, no geolocation correction is performed on data from MW instruments aboard the satellites in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Polar Operational Environmental Satellite program. However, geolocation error can be a significant source of bias in the satellite measurements. In this paper, we investigated and corrected the geolocation errors of the observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)-A aboard NOAA-15 to NOAA-19, AMSU-B aboard NOAA-15 to NOAA-17, and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) aboard NOAA-18 and NOAA-19. We used the difference between ascending and descending observations along the coastlines to quantify the geolocation errors in terms of the satellite attitudes (Euler angles), i.e., pitch, roll, and yaw. Then, new geographical coordinates and scan/local zenith angles were calculated using new attitudes. The results show that NOAA-15 AMSU-A2 instrument has a mounting error of about 1.2 ^\circ cross-track, and -0.5^\circ along-track, NOAA-16 AMSU-A1 and -A2 instruments have a mounting error of about -0.5^\circ along-track, and NOAA-18 AMSU-A2 instrument has a mounting error of more than -1^\circ along-track. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE remote sensing
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - EULER angles
KW  - Earth
KW  - Geolocation
KW  - Geology
KW  - Instruments
KW  - microwave remote sensing
KW  - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
KW  - navigation
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - satellite
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - satellite tracking
KW  - Satellites
KW  - US Government agencies
KW  - UNITED States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 95451732; Moradi, Isaac 1 Meng, Huan 2 Ferraro, Ralph R. 2 Bilanow, Stephen 3; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  2: Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA  3: Wyle Information Systems, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, USA; Source Info: Jun2013 Part 2, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p3625; Subject Term: MICROWAVE remote sensing; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: EULER angles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geolocation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Author-Supplied Keyword: navigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: US Government agencies; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2225840
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95451732&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGovern, Patrick E.
AU  - Luley, Benjamin P.
AU  - Rovira, Nuria
AU  - Mirzoian, Armen
AU  - Callahan, Michael P.
AU  - Smithy, Karen E.
AU  - Hall, Gretchen R.
AU  - Davidson, Theodore
AU  - Henkin, Joshua M.
T1  - Beginning of viniculture in France.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2013/06/18/
VL  - 110
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 10147
EP  - 10152
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Chemical analyses of ancient organic compounds absorbed into the pottery fabrics of imported Etruscan amphoras (ca. 500-475 B.C.) and into a limestone pressing platform (ca. 425-400 B.C.) at the ancient coastal port site of Lattara in southern France provide the earliest biomolecular archaeological evidence for grape wine and viniculture from this country, which is crucial to the later history of wine in Europe and the rest of the world. The data support the hypothesis that export of wine by ship from Etruria in central Italy to southern Mediterranean France fueled an ever-growing market and interest in wine there, which, in turn, as evidenced by the winepress. led to transplantation of the Eurasian grapevine and the beginning of a Celtic industry in France. Herbal and pine resin additives to the Etruscan wine point to the medicinal role of wine in antiquity, as well as a means of preserving it during marine transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VITICULTURE
KW  - ANCIENT medicine
KW  - BIOMOLECULAR archaeology
KW  - ARCHAEOLOGY -- Methodology
KW  - ANALYTICAL chemistry
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - WESTERN Mediterranean
KW  - FRANCE
KW  - ancient medicine
KW  - biomolecular archaeology
KW  - viticulture
KW  - Western Mediterranean
N1  - Accession Number: 88365958; McGovern, Patrick E. 1; Email Address: mcgovern@sas.upenn.edu Luley, Benjamin P. 2 Rovira, Nuria 3 Mirzoian, Armen 4 Callahan, Michael P. 5 Smithy, Karen E. 6 Hall, Gretchen R. 1 Davidson, Theodore 1 Henkin, Joshua M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Biomolecular Archaeology Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia, PA 19104  2: Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637  3: Université Paul Valery-Montpellier 3, Unite Mixte de Recherche 5140, Lattes 34970, France  4: Scientific Services Division, Alcohol, and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB), US Treasury, Beltsville, MD 20705  5: Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771  6: Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802; Source Info: 6/18/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 25, p10147; Subject Term: VITICULTURE; Subject Term: ANCIENT medicine; Subject Term: BIOMOLECULAR archaeology; Subject Term: ARCHAEOLOGY -- Methodology; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: WESTERN Mediterranean; Subject Term: FRANCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: ancient medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomolecular archaeology; Author-Supplied Keyword: viticulture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Western Mediterranean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312130 Wineries; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1216126110
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88365958&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BODENHEIMER, PETER
AU  - D'ANGELO, GENNARO
AU  - LISSAUER, JACK J.
AU  - FORTNEY, JONATHAN J.
AU  - SAUMON, DIDIER
T1  - DEUTERIUM BURNING IN MASSIVE GIANT PLANETS AND LOW-MASS BROWN DWARFS FORMED BY CORE-NUCLEATED ACCRETION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/06/20/
VL  - 770
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Using detailed numerical simulations, we study the formation of bodies near the deuterium-burning limit according to the core-nucleated giant planet accretion scenario. The objects, with heavy-element cores in the range 5-30 M⊕, are assumed to accrete gas up to final masses of 10-15 Jupiter masses (MJup). After the formation process, which lasts 1-5 Myr and which ends with a "cold-start," low-entropy configuration, the bodies evolve at constant mass up to an age of several Gyr. Deuterium burning via proton capture is included in the calculation, and we determined the mass, M50, above which more than 50% of the initial deuterium is burned. This often-quoted borderline between giant planets and brown dwarfs is found to depend only slightly on parameters, such as core mass, stellar mass, formation location, solid surface density in the protoplanetary disk, disk viscosity, and dust opacity. The values for M50 fall in the range 11.6-13.6 MJup, in agreement with previous determinations that do not take the formation process into account. For a given opacity law during the formation process, objects with higher core masses form more quickly. The result is higher entropy in the envelope at the completion of accretion, yielding lower values of M50. For masses above M50, during the deuterium-burning phase, objects expand and increase in luminosity by one to three orders of magnitude. Evolutionary tracks in the luminosity versus time diagram are compared with the observed position of the companion to Beta Pictoris. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEUTERIUM
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - accretion
KW  - accretion disks
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - planets and satellites: formation
KW  - planets and satellites: individual (beta Pictoris b)
KW  - planets and satellites: physical evolution
N1  - Accession Number: 90179208; BODENHEIMER, PETER 1; Email Address: peter@ucolick.org D'ANGELO, GENNARO 2,3,4; Email Address: gennaro.dangelo@nasa.gov LISSAUER, JACK J. 2; Email Address: Jack.J.Lissauer@nasa.gov FORTNEY, JONATHAN J. 5; Email Address: jfortney@ucolick.org SAUMON, DIDIER 6; Email Address: dsaumon@lanl.gov; Affiliation:  1: UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Visiting Research Scientist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  5: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2013, Vol. 770 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: DEUTERIUM; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual (beta Pictoris b); Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: physical evolution; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/120
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90179208&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHAPMAN, NICHOLAS L.
AU  - DAVIDSON, JACQUELINE A.
AU  - GOLDSMITH, PAUL F.
AU  - HOUDE, MARTIN
AU  - WOOJIN KWON
AU  - ZHI-YUN LI
AU  - LOONEY, LESLIE W.
AU  - MATTHEWS, BRENDA
AU  - MATTHEWS, TRISTAN G.
AU  - NOVAK, GILES
AU  - RUISHENG PENG
AU  - VAILLANCOURT, JOHN E.
AU  - VOLGENAU, NIKOLAUS H.
T1  - ALIGNMENT BETWEEN FLATTENED PROTOSTELLAR INFALL ENVELOPES AND AMBIENT MAGNETIC FIELDS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/06/20/
VL  - 770
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present 350μm polarization observations of four low-mass cores containing Class 0 protostars: L483, L1157, L1448-IRS2, and Serp-FIR1. This is the second paper in a larger survey aimed at testing magnetically regulated models for core-collapse. One key prediction of these models is that the mean magnetic field in a core should be aligned with the symmetry axis (minor axis) of the flattened young stellar object inner envelope (aka pseudodisk). Furthermore, the field should exhibit a pinched or hourglass-shaped morphology as gravity drags the field inward toward the central protostar. We combine our results for the four cores with results for three similar cores that were published in the first paper from our survey. An analysis of the 350μm polarization data for the seven cores yields evidence of a positive correlation between mean field direction and pseudodisk symmetry axis. Our rough estimate for the probability of obtaining by pure chance a correlation as strong as the one we found is about 5%. In addition, we combine together data for multiple cores to create a source-averaged magnetic field map having improved signal-to-noise ratio, and this map shows good agreement between mean field direction and pseudodisk axis (they are within 15°). We also see hints of a magnetic pinch in the source-averaged map. We conclude that core-scale magnetic fields appear to be strong enough to guide gas infall, as predicted by the magnetically regulated models. Finally, we find evidence of a positive correlation between core magnetic field direction and bipolar outflow axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOSTARS
KW  - COSMIC magnetic fields
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL collapse
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL surveys
KW  - ISM: jets and outflows
KW  - ISM: magnetic fields
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - techniques: polarimetric
N1  - Accession Number: 90179239; CHAPMAN, NICHOLAS L. 1 DAVIDSON, JACQUELINE A. 2 GOLDSMITH, PAUL F. 3 HOUDE, MARTIN 4,5 WOOJIN KWON 6,7 ZHI-YUN LI 8 LOONEY, LESLIE W. 6 MATTHEWS, BRENDA 9,10 MATTHEWS, TRISTAN G. 1 NOVAK, GILES 1 RUISHENG PENG 11 VAILLANCOURT, JOHN E. 12 VOLGENAU, NIKOLAUS H. 13; Affiliation:  1: Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: School of Physics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, MS 264-782, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada  5: Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois, 1002 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA  7: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Landleven 12, 9747 AD Groningen, The Netherlands  8: Astronomy Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  9: Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC V8P 1A1, Canada  11: Caltech Submillimeter Observatory, 111 Nowelo Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  12: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  13: California Institute of Technology, Owens Valley Radio Observatory, Big Pine, CA 93513, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2013, Vol. 770 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL collapse; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL surveys; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: jets and outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: polarimetric; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/151
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90179239&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LISSAUER, JACK J.
AU  - JONTOF-HUTTER, DANIEL
AU  - ROWE, JASON F.
AU  - FABRYCKY, DANIEL C.
AU  - LOPEZ, ERIC D.
AU  - AGOL, ERIC
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
AU  - DECK, KATHERINE M.
AU  - FISCHER, DEBRA A.
AU  - FORTNEY, JONATHAN J.
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - ISAACSON, HOWARD
AU  - JENKINS, JON M.
AU  - KOLBL, REA
AU  - SASSELOV, DIMITAR
AU  - SHORT, DONALD R.
AU  - WELSH, WILLIAM F.
T1  - ALL SIX PLANETS KNOWN TO ORBIT KEPLER-11 HAVE LOW DENSITIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/06/20/
VL  - 770
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Kepler-11 planetary system contains six transiting planets ranging in size from 1.8 to 4.2 times the radius of Earth. Five of these planets orbit in a tightly packed configuration with periods between 10 and 47 days.We perform a dynamical analysis of the system based upon transit timing variations observed in more than three years of Kepler photometric data. Stellar parameters are derived using a combination of spectral classification and constraints on the star's density derived from transit profiles together with planetary eccentricity vectors provided by our dynamical study. Combining masses of the planets relative to the star from our dynamical study and radii of the planets relative to the star from transit depths together with deduced stellar properties yields measurements of the radii of all six planets, masses of the five inner planets, and an upper bound to the mass of the outermost planet, whose orbital period is 118 days. We find mass-radius combinations for all six planets that imply that substantial fractions of their volumes are occupied by constituents that are less dense than rock. Moreover, we examine the stability of these envelopes against photoevaporation and find that the compositions of at least the inner two planets have likely been significantly sculpted by mass loss. The Kepler-11 system contains the lowest mass exoplanets for which both mass and radius have been measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - celestial mechanics
KW  - ephemerides
KW  - planets and satellites: composition
KW  - planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
KW  - planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
N1  - Accession Number: 90179219; LISSAUER, JACK J. 1; Email Address: Jack.Lissauer@nasa.gov JONTOF-HUTTER, DANIEL 1 ROWE, JASON F. 1,2 FABRYCKY, DANIEL C. 3 LOPEZ, ERIC D. 4 AGOL, ERIC 5 MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 6 DECK, KATHERINE M. 7 FISCHER, DEBRA A. 8 FORTNEY, JONATHAN J. 4 HOWELL, STEVE B. 1 ISAACSON, HOWARD 6 JENKINS, JON M. 1,2 KOLBL, REA 6 SASSELOV, DIMITAR 9 SHORT, DONALD R. 10 WELSH, WILLIAM F. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  4: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  6: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  7: Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  10: Department of Mathematics, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA  11: Astronomy Department, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2013, Vol. 770 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: ephemerides; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/131
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LÓPEZ-PUERTAS, M.
AU  - DINELLI, B. M.
AU  - ADRIANI, A.
AU  - FUNKE, B.
AU  - GARCÍA-COMAS, M.
AU  - MORICONI, M. L.
AU  - D'AVERSA, E.
AU  - BOERSMA, C.
AU  - ALLAMANDOLA, L. J.
T1  - LARGE ABUNDANCES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN TITAN'S UPPER ATMOSPHERE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/06/20/
VL  - 770
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In this paper, we analyze the strong unidentified emission near 3.28 μm in Titan's upper daytime atmosphere recently discovered by Dinelli et al. We have studied it by using the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), after absorbing UV solar radiation, are able to emit strongly near 3.3 μm. By using current models for the redistribution of the absorbed UV energy, we have explained the observed spectral feature and have derived the vertical distribution of PAH abundances in Titan's upper atmosphere. PAHs have been found to be present in large concentrations, about (2-3) × 104 particles cm-3. The identified PAHs have 9-96 carbons, with a concentration-weighted average of 34 carbons. The mean mass is ~430 u; the mean area is about 0.53 nm2; they are formed by 10-11 rings on average, and about one-third of them contain nitrogen atoms. Recently, benzene together with light aromatic species as well as small concentrations of heavy positive and negative ions have been detected in Titan's upper atmosphere. We suggest that the large concentrations of PAHs found here are the neutral counterpart of those positive and negative ions, which hence supports the theory that the origin of Titan main haze layer is located in the upper atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - molecular processes
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: composition
KW  - planets and satellites: individual (Titan)
KW  - radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
N1  - Accession Number: 90179220; LÓPEZ-PUERTAS, M. 1; Email Address: puertas@iaa.es DINELLI, B. M. 2 ADRIANI, A. 3 FUNKE, B. 1 GARCÍA-COMAS, M. 1 MORICONI, M. L. 4 D'AVERSA, E. 3 BOERSMA, C. 5 ALLAMANDOLA, L. J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC), E-18080 Granada, Spain  2: ISAC-CNR, I-40129 Bologna, Italy  3: IAPS-INAF, I-00133 Rome, Italy  4: ISAC-CNR, I-00133 Rome, Italy  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2013, Vol. 770 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual (Titan); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/132
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SITARSKI, BREANN N.
AU  - MORRIS, MARK R.
AU  - LU, JESSICA R.
AU  - DUCHÊNE, GASPARD
AU  - STOLTE, ANDREA
AU  - BECKLIN, E. E.
AU  - GHEZ, ANDREA M.
AU  - ZINNECKER, HANS
T1  - KECK ADAPTIVE OPTICS OBSERVATIONS OF THE PROTOSTELLAR DISK AROUND RADIO SOURCE I IN THE ORION KLEINMANN-LOW NEBULA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/06/20/
VL  - 770
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have made the first detection of a near-infrared counterpart associated with the disk around Radio Source "I," a massive protostar in the Kleinmann-Low nebula in Orion, using imaging with laser guide star adaptive optics on the Keck II telescope. The infrared emission is evident in images acquired using L' (3.8 μm) and Ms (4.7 μm) filters and is not detectable at K' (2.1 μm). The observed morphology strongly suggests that we are seeing some combination of scattered and thermal light emanating from the disk. The disk is also manifest in the L' /Ms flux ratio image. We interpret the near-infrared emission as the illuminated surface of a nearly edge-on disk, oriented so that only the northern face is visible; the opposite surface remains hidden by the disk. We do not see infrared radiation associated directly with the star proposed to be associated with Source "I." The data also suggest that there is a cavity above and below the disk that is oriented perpendicular to the disk and is sculpted by the known, strong outflow from the inner disk of Source I. We compare our data to models of a protostar with a surrounding disk, envelope, and wind-blown cavity in order to elucidate the nature of the disk around Radio Source I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADAPTIVE optics
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - ORION (Constellation)
KW  - NEBULAE -- Spectra
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - ISM: individual objects (Orion)
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
KW  - W.M. Keck Observatory
N1  - Accession Number: 90179222; SITARSKI, BREANN N. 1; Email Address: bsitarski@astro.ucla.edu MORRIS, MARK R. 1 LU, JESSICA R. 2 DUCHÊNE, GASPARD 3,4 STOLTE, ANDREA 5 BECKLIN, E. E. 1,6 GHEZ, ANDREA M. 1 ZINNECKER, HANS 6,7,8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, C-203 Hearst Field Annex, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  4: UJF-Grenoble 1/ CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG) UMR 5274, Grenoble F-38041, France  5: Argelander Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany  6: NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany  8: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany; Source Info: 6/20/2013, Vol. 770 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE optics; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: ORION (Constellation); Subject Term: NEBULAE -- Spectra; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects (Orion); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; Company/Entity: W.M. Keck Observatory; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/770/2/134
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Acar, E.
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Basaran, B.
AU  - Yang, F.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Role of aging time on the microstructure and shape memory properties of NiTiHfPd single crystals.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2013/06/20/
VL  - 573
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 165
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Shape memory properties of [111] oriented NiTiHfPd single crystals aged at 600°C for 48 and 72h were investigated through isobaric thermal cycling and superelasticity experiments in compression. A maximum transformation strain of 2.6% at 1000MPa compressive stress was attained above 100°C. It was observed that precipitate size and interparticle distances were strong functions of aging time and subsequently govern the shape memory responses of the NiTiHfPd single crystals. Moreover, it was revealed that the elastic energy storage highly depends on precipitate characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - COMPRESSION loads
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Aging
KW  - Elastic energy
KW  - NiTiHfPd
KW  - Shape memory alloy
KW  - Single crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 89193204; Acar, E. 1 Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Basaran, B. 1 Yang, F. 2 Mills, M.J. 2 Noebe, R.D. 3 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: Department of Material Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 573, p161; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: COMPRESSION loads; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHfPd; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2013.02.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dugaiczyk, Lars
AU  - Ngo-Duc, Tam-Triet
AU  - Gacusan, Jovi
AU  - Singh, Karandeep
AU  - Yang, Jonathan
AU  - Santhanam, Sarnath
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Oye, Michael M.
T1  - Resistive switching in single vertically-aligned ZnO nanowire grown directly on Cu substrate.
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/06/21/
VL  - 575
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 114
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Highlights: [•] We report resistive switching from single vertical ZnO nanowires grown on Cu. [•] We used conductive atomic force microscopy (c-AFM) to measure resistive switching. [•] Conducting filaments may be forming on metal oxide surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZINC oxide
KW  - RESISTIVE force
KW  - SWITCHING theory
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - COPPER
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
N1  - Accession Number: 89296341; Dugaiczyk, Lars 1,2,3 Ngo-Duc, Tam-Triet 1,2 Gacusan, Jovi 1,2 Singh, Karandeep 1,2 Yang, Jonathan 1,2 Santhanam, Sarnath 2,3 Han, Jin-Woo 1,2 Koehne, Jessica E. 1,2 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 2,3 Meyyappan, M. 1 Oye, Michael M. 1,2,3; Email Address: Michael.M.Oye@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Ames Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: UCSC/NASA-ARC Advanced Studies Laboratories, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 575, p112; Subject Term: ZINC oxide; Subject Term: RESISTIVE force; Subject Term: SWITCHING theory; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.05.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Radue, E.
AU  - Crisman, E.
AU  - Wang, L.
AU  - Kittiwatanakul, S.
AU  - Lu, J.
AU  - Wolf, S. A.
AU  - Wincheski, R.
AU  - Lukaszew, R. A.
AU  - Novikova, I.
T1  - Effect of a substrate-induced microstructure on the optical properties of the insulator-metal transition temperature in VO2 thin films.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2013/06/21/
VL  - 113
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 233104
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Using both Raman spectroscopy and direct laser reflectivity measurements, we investigate the optical properties of vanadium dioxide (VO2) thin films deposited on different substrates as they undergo the thermally induced insulator to metal phase transition. Comparing similarly prepared VO2 films grown on quartz, sapphire, and rutile substrates, we observed a significant difference in the transition temperatures without hysteresis loop broadening after heating and cooling the samples. We attribute these different transition temperatures to differences in the VO2 microstructure, mainly the difference in average grain sizes. We also observed variations in the contrast of the detected Raman resonances using different wavelengths for the excitation laser, and found that in all cases a longer wavelength (in our case 785 nm) yielded the clearest VO2 Raman spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - TRANSITION temperature
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
N1  - Accession Number: 88345394; Radue, E. 1 Crisman, E. 1 Wang, L. 1 Kittiwatanakul, S. 2 Lu, J. 3 Wolf, S. A. 2,3 Wincheski, R. 4 Lukaszew, R. A. 1 Novikova, I. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187,  2: Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904,  3: Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904,  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 113 Issue 23, p233104; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: TRANSITION temperature; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4811689
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Venturelli, Davide
AU  - Fazio, Rosario
AU  - Giovannetti, Vittorio
T1  - Minimal Self-Contained Quantum Refrigeration Machine Based on Four Quantum Dots.
JO  - Physical Review Letters
JF  - Physical Review Letters
Y1  - 2013/06/21/
VL  - 110
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 256801-1
EP  - 256801-5
SN  - 00319007
AB  - We present a theoretical study of an electronic quantum refrigerator based on four quantum dots arranged in a square configuration, in contact with as many thermal reservoirs. We show that the system implements the minimal mechanism for acting as a self-contained quantum refrigerator, by demonstrating heat extraction from the coldest reservoir and the cooling of the nearby quantum dot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review Letters is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - QUANTUM thermodynamics
KW  - QUANTUM mechanics
KW  - EXTRACTION (Chemistry)
KW  - HEAT
N1  - Accession Number: 89032045; Venturelli, Davide 1,2 Fazio, Rosario 1 Giovannetti, Vittorio 1; Affiliation:  1: NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56127 Pisa, Italy  2: Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 6/21/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 25, p256801-1; Subject Term: REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: QUANTUM thermodynamics; Subject Term: QUANTUM mechanics; Subject Term: EXTRACTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: HEAT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333415 Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423740 Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.256801
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khare, Bishun N.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Wilhite, P.
AU  - Beeler, D.
AU  - Carter, M.
AU  - Schurmeier, L.
AU  - Jagota, S.
AU  - Kawai, J.
AU  - Nna-Mvondo, D.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.
AU  - Embaye, T.
T1  - Organic matter in the Titan lakes, and comparison with primitive Earth.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/06/26/
VL  - 1543
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 88
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Titan is the only world in the solar system besides the Earth that has liquid on its surface. The liquid in the lakes is thought to be composed primarily of ethane with methane and nitrogen in solution. The clouds are thought to be composed of liquid methane drops. Surface liquid is present in polar lakes and in surface materials at equatorial sites. Studying the chemical processing that potentially results from organic material interacting with this liquid is one of the main goals of proposed missions to Titan. We have been engaged in producing tholin under Titan-like conditions for more than three decades, first at the Laboratory for Planetary Studies at Cornell University in collaboration with Late Dr. Carl Sagan and for over a decade at Laboratory for Planetary Studies at NASA Ames Research Center and Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute. Our focus is to understand the capabilities for analysis of tholin solubility in liquid methane and ethane for flight instruments. Our results are expected to contribute to an understanding of the organic chemistry on Titan and to the development of an explicit and targeted scientific strategy for near term analysis of the products of organic-liquid interactions on Titan. Organics are produced as a haze in Titan's high atmosphere due to photolysis of methane with the Sun's extreme ultraviolet light and subsequent reaction with N. Also tholins are formed at a much higher level on Titan by charged particles of Saturn magnetosphere. However, the presence of organics is not the sole feature, which makes Titan significant to astrobiology; organics are widely present in the outer solar system. The reason Titan is a prime target for future outer solar system missions is the combination of organic material and liquid on the surface; liquid that could over a medium for further organic synthesis. NASA recently selected for further study a Discovery proposal TiME to investigate the chemistry of the lakes on Titan. As described by the team's press release: 'The TiME capsule would launch in 2016 and reach Titan in 2023, parachuting onto the moon's second-largest northern sea, the Ligeia Mare. For 96 days the capsule would study the composition and behavior of the sea and its interaction with Titan's weather and climate. TiME would also seek evidence of the complex organic chemistry that may be active on Titan today, and that may be similar to processes that led to the development of life on the early Earth'. The results of our on going research on how tholins interact with the liquid ethane and methane in the lakes on Titan will improve our chances of detecting any possible biology on this cold and distant world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - LIQUID methane
KW  - SOLAR magnetism
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 88424879; Khare, Bishun N. 1 McKay, C. 2 Wilhite, P. 2 Beeler, D. 2 Carter, M. 2 Schurmeier, L. 3 Jagota, S. 2 Kawai, J. 4 Nna-Mvondo, D. 5 Cruikshank, D. 2 Embaye, T. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center and SETI Institute,  2: NASA Ames Research Center,  3: University of Illinois at Chicago,  4: Yokohama National University,  5: Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA),; Source Info: Jun2013, Vol. 1543 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: LIQUID methane; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetism; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 6 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4812602
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RIOS, JOSEPH
T1  - Algorithm 928: A General, Parallel Implementation of Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition.
JO  - ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
JF  - ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 39
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 21:10
SN  - 00983500
AB  - Dantzig--Wolfe Decomposition is recognized as a powerful, algorithmic tool for solving linear programs of block-angular form. While use of the approach has been reported in a wide variety of domains, there has not been a general implementation of Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition available. This article describes an opensource implementation of the algorithm. It is general in the sense that any properly decomposed linear program can be provided to the software for solving. While the original description of the algorithm was motivated by its reduced memory usage, modern computers can also take advantage of the algorithm's inherent parallelism. This implementation is parallel and built upon the POSIX threads (pthreads) library. Some computational results are provided to motivate use of such parallel solvers, as this implementation outperforms state-of-the-art commercial solvers in terms of wall-clock runtime by an order of magnitude or more on several problem instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software is the property of Association for Computing Machinery and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - LINEAR programming
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
KW  - MATHEMATICS software
KW  - SOFTWARE
KW  - Linear programming
KW  - optimization
KW  - parallel implementations
N1  - Accession Number: 108914292; RIOS, JOSEPH 1; Email Address: joseph.l.rios@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 39 Issue 3, p21; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: LINEAR programming; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS software; Subject Term: SOFTWARE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: parallel implementations; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4234
L3  - 10.1145/2450153.2450159
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshi, Ravindra P.
AU  - Qiu, Hao
AU  - Tripathi, Ram K.
T1  - Configuration studies for active electrostatic space radiation shielding.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 88
M3  - Article
SP  - 138
EP  - 145
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Developing successful and optimal solutions to mitigating the hazards of severe space radiation in deep space long duration missions is critical for the success of deep-space explorations. Space crews traveling aboard interplanetary spacecraft will be exposed to a constant flux of galactic cosmic rays (GCR), as well as intense fluxes of charged particles during solar particle events (SPEs). A recent report (Tripathi et al., Adv. Space Res. 42 (2008) 1043–1049), had explored the feasibility of using electrostatic shielding in concert with the state-of-the-art materials shielding technologies. Here we continue to extend the electrostatic shielding strategy and quantitatively examine a different configuration based on multiple toroidal rings. Our results show that SPE radiation can almost be eliminated by these electrostatic configurations. Also, penetration probabilities for novel structures such as toroidal rings are shown to be substantially reduced as compared to the simpler all-sphere geometries. More interestingly, the dimensions and aspect ratio of the toroidal rings could be altered and optimized to achieve an even higher degree of radiation protection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE ships -- Shielding (Radiation)
KW  - CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - RADIATION -- Safety measures
KW  - FEASIBILITY studies
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - Deep-space
KW  - Electrostatic
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Shielding
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - Toroidal geometry
N1  - Accession Number: 89216239; Joshi, Ravindra P. 1; Email Address: rjoshi@odu.edu Qiu, Hao 1 Tripathi, Ram K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 88, p138; Subject Term: SPACE ships -- Shielding (Radiation); Subject Term: CONFIGURATIONS (Geometry); Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Safety measures; Subject Term: FEASIBILITY studies; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep-space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Toroidal geometry; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.03.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89216239&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaba, Tony C.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Reddell, Brandon
AU  - Bahadori, Amir
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
AU  - Badavi, Francis F.
T1  - Pion and electromagnetic contribution to dose: Comparisons of HZETRN to Monte Carlo results and ISS data.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 78
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: Recent work has indicated that pion production and the associated electromagnetic (EM) cascade may be an important contribution to the total astronaut exposure in space. Recent extensions to the deterministic space radiation transport code, HZETRN, allow the production and transport of pions, muons, electrons, positrons, and photons. In this paper, the extended code is compared to the Monte Carlo codes, Geant4, PHITS, and FLUKA, in slab geometries exposed to galactic cosmic ray (GCR) boundary conditions. While improvements in the HZETRN transport formalism for the new particles are needed, it is shown that reasonable agreement on dose is found at larger shielding thicknesses commonly found on the International Space Station (ISS). Finally, the extended code is compared to ISS data on a minute-by-minute basis over a seven day period in 2001. The impact of pion/EM production on exposure estimates and validation results is clearly shown. The Badhwar–O’Neill (BO) 2004 and 2010 models are used to generate the GCR boundary condition at each time-step allowing the impact of environmental model improvements on validation results to be quantified as well. It is found that the updated BO2010 model noticeably reduces overall exposure estimates from the BO2004 model, and the additional production mechanisms in HZETRN provide some compensation. It is shown that the overestimates provided by the BO2004 GCR model in previous validation studies led to deflated uncertainty estimates for environmental, physics, and transport models, and allowed an important physical interaction (π/EM) to be overlooked in model development. Despite the additional π/EM production mechanisms in HZETRN, a systematic under-prediction of total dose is observed in comparison to Monte Carlo results and measured data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - FLUKA
KW  - Galactic cosmic rays
KW  - Geant4
KW  - HZETRN
KW  - PHITS
KW  - Space radiation
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 89107892; Slaba, Tony C. 1; Email Address: Tony.C.Slaba@nasa.gov Blattnig, Steve R. 1; Email Address: Steve.R.Blattnig@nasa.gov Reddell, Brandon 2; Email Address: Brandon.D.Reddell@nasa.gov Bahadori, Amir 3; Email Address: Amir.A.Bahadori@nasa.gov Norman, Ryan B. 4; Email Address: Ryan.B.Norman@nasa.gov Badavi, Francis F. 5; Email Address: Francis.F.Badavi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  3: University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA  4: University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA  5: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p62; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: FLUKA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geant4; Author-Supplied Keyword: HZETRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: PHITS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2013.02.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kless, James E.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Ning, S. Andrew
AU  - Nemec, Marian
T1  - Inviscid Analysis of Extended-Formation Flight.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1703
EP  - 1715
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Flying airplanes in extended formations, with separation distances of tens of wingspans, significantly improves safety while maintaining most of the fuel savings achieved in close formations. The present study investigates the impact of roll trim and compressibility at a fixed lift coefficient on the benefits of extended-formation flight. An Euler solver with adjoint-based mesh refinement combined with a wake propagation model is used to analyze a two-body echelon formation at a separation distance of 30 spans. Two geometries are examined: a simple wing and a wing-body geometry. Energy savings, quantified by both formation drag fraction and span efficiency factor, are investigated at subsonic and transonic speeds for a matrix of vortex locations. The results show that, at fixed lift and trimmed for roll, the optimal location of vortex impingement is about 10% inboard of the trailing airplane's wing tip. Interestingly, the improvement in drag fraction is relatively robust in the vicinity of the optimal position. Over 90% of energy benefits can be obtained with a 5% variation in vertical and 10% variation in spanwise positions. Control surface deflections required to achieve roll trim reduce the benefits of formation flight by 3-5% at subsonic speeds and 9-11% at transonic speeds. Overall, simulations show peak induced drag saving for the trail aircraft are 54% in subsonic flow and 35% in transonic flow while accounting for trim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY
KW  - HIGH pressure physics
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 88974327; Kless, James E. 1; Email Address: james.kless-1@nasa.gov Aftosmis, Michael J. 2; Email Address: michael.aftosmis@nasa.gov Ning, S. Andrew 3; Email Address: aning@stanford.edu Nemec, Marian 1; Email Address: marian.nemec@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science and Technology Corporation, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p1703; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY; Subject Term: HIGH pressure physics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052224
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balla, R. Jeffrey
T1  - Iodine Tagging Velocimetry in a Mach 10 Wake.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1783
EP  - 1786
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article focuses on a study which described the photophysics of the iodine tagging velocimetry (ITV) method. It demonstrates the off-body velocimetry along a line in the aerothermodynamically important and experimentally challenging region of a hypersonic low-pressure near-wake in a Mach 10 air wind tunnel. Results showed that ITV is well suited for spatially resolved velocimetry measurements to study the fundamental flow physics of cold flow hypersonic near and far wakes.
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
N1  - Accession Number: 88974335; Balla, R. Jeffrey 1; Email Address: robert.j.balla@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p1783; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052416
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paletz, Susannah B. F.
AU  - Kim, Kevin H.
AU  - Schunn, Christian D.
AU  - Tollinger, Irene
AU  - Vera, Alonso
T1  - Reuse and Recycle: The Development of Adaptive Expertise, Routine Expertise, and Novelty in a Large Research Team.
JO  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
JF  - Applied Cognitive Psychology
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 27
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 428
PB  - John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SN  - 08884080
AB  - Combining innovation and efficiency is ideal in many organizational settings. Adaptive expertise represents a cognitive explanation of how individuals and teams can learn to achieve simultaneous innovation and efficiency. In 2004, scientists led twin rovers on Mars in the search for historical water. The science team experienced a remarkable increase in efficiency, adapting with flexibility to unexpected events and dynamic, dwindling resources. After discussing the conceptual differences between adaptive expertise and related team learning and innovation concepts, we examine longitudinal behavioral data on novelty, routine and adaptive expertise. Sequential time series ARIMA analyses reveal that novelty fluctuated randomly, but both routine and adaptive expertise significantly increased over time. In addition, novelty, routine expertise, and adaptive expertise did not significantly predict each other directly or at a lag, suggesting that these are indeed three distinct constructs. Implications for theory and research on efficiency and innovation are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Cognitive Psychology is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - EXPERTISE
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 89398775; Paletz, Susannah B. F. 1 Kim, Kevin H. 2 Schunn, Christian D. 3 Tollinger, Irene 4 Vera, Alonso 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Advanced Study of Language, University of Maryland  2: School of Education, University of Pittsburgh  3: Learning Research and Development Center, University of Pittsburgh  4: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 27 Issue 4, p415; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: EXPERTISE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/acp.2928
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89398775&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ziolkowski, Lori A.
AU  - Wierzchos, Jacek
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Slater, Gregory F.
T1  - Radiocarbon Evidence of Active Endolithic Microbial Communities in the Hyperarid Core of the Atacama Desert.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 13
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 607
EP  - 616
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert is one of the driest and most inhospitable places on Earth, where life is most commonly found in the interior of rocks ( i.e., endolithic habitats). Due to the extreme dryness, microbial activity in these habitats is expected to be low; however, the rate of carbon cycling within these microbial communities remains unknown. We address this issue by characterizing the isotopic composition (13C and 14C) of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and glycolipid fatty acids (GLFA) in colonized rocks from four different sites inside the hyperarid core. δ13C results suggest that autotrophy and/or quantitative conversion of organic matter to CO2 are the dominant processes occurring with the rock. Most Δ14C signatures of PLFA and GLFA were consistent with modern atmospheric CO2, indicating that endoliths are using atmospheric carbon as a primary carbon source and are also cycling carbon quickly. However, at one site the PLFA contained 14C from atmospheric nuclear weapons testing that occurred during the 1950s and 1960s, indicating a decadal rate of carbon cycling. At the driest site (Yungay), based on the relative abundance and 14C content of GLFA and PLFA, there was evidence of possible preservation. Hence, in low-moisture conditions, glycolipids may persist while phospholipids are preferentially hydrolyzed. Key Words: Endoliths-Extremophile-Carbon isotopes-Radiocarbon-Lipids. Astrobiology 13, 607-616. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - PHOSPHOLIPIDS
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
N1  - Accession Number: 90251941; Ziolkowski, Lori A. 1 Wierzchos, Jacek 2 Davila, Alfonso F. 3 Slater, Gregory F. 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Geography and Earth Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.  2: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MNCN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 13 Issue 7, p607; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: PHOSPHOLIPIDS; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2012.0854
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
T1  - SOFIA: first science highlights and future science potential.
JO  - Astronomische Nachrichten
JF  - Astronomische Nachrichten
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 334
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 558
EP  - 575
SN  - 00046337
AB  - SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, is a joint project between NASA and the German Aerospace Agency (DLR) to develop and operate a 2.5 m airborne telescope in a highly modified Boeing 747SP aircraft that can fly as high as 45000 feet (13.7 km). This is above 99.8 % of the precipitable water vapor which blocks much of the midand far-infrared radiation from reaching ground-based telescopes. In this review, we briefly discuss the characteristics of the Observatory and present a number of early science highlights obtained with the FORCAST camera in 5-40 micron spectral region and with the GREAT heterodyne spectrometer in the 130-240 micron spectral region. The FORCAST images in Orion show the discovery of a new high-mass protostar (IRc4), while GREAT observations at 1 km s-1 velocity resolution detected velocity-resolved, redshifted ammonia spectra at 1.81 THz in absorption against several strong farinfrared dust continuum sources, clear evidence of substantial protostellar infall onto massive (non-ionizing) protostars. These powerful new data allow us to determine how massive stars form in our Galaxy. Another highlight is the stunning image taken by FORCAST that reveals the transient circumnuclear 1.5 pc radius (dust) ring around our Galactic center, heated by hundreds of massive stars in the young nuclear star cluster. The GREAT heterodyne spectrometer also observed the circumnuclear ring in highly excited CO rotational lines, indicative of emission from warm dense molecular gas with broad velocity structure, perhaps due to local shock heating. GREAT also made superb mapping observations of the [C II] fine structure cooling line at 158 microns, for example in M17-SW molecular cloud-star cluster interface, observations which disprove the simple canonical photodissociation models. The much better baseline stability of the GREAT receivers (compared to Herschel HIFI) allows efficient on-the-fly mapping of extended [C II] emission in our galaxy and also in other nearby spiral galaxies. Of particular note is the GREAT discovery of two new molecules outside the solar system: OD (the deuterated OH hydroxyl radical) as well as mercapto radical SH, both in absorption near 1.4 THz, a frequency gap where Herschel was blind. A special highlight was the 2011 June 23 UT stellar occultation by Pluto using the HIPO high speed photometer and the FDC fast diagnostic camera. This difficult but successful observation, which was both space-critical (within 100 km) and time-critical (within 1 min), proved that SOFIA can be in the right place at the right time, when important transient events occur. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomische Nachrichten is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - BOEING airplanes
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - infrared: general
KW  - instrumentation: miscellaneous
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - telescopes
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 88938783; Zinnecker, H. 1; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Center, Deutsches SOFIA Institut, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 334 Issue 6, p558; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: BOEING airplanes; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumentation: miscellaneous; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Author-Supplied Keyword: telescopes; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/asna.201311908
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MARTÍNEZ-SYKORA, JUAN
AU  - DE PONTIEU, BART
AU  - LEENAARTS, JORRIT
AU  - PEREIRA, TIAGO M. D.
AU  - CARLSSON, MATS
AU  - HANSTEEN, VIGGO
AU  - STERN, JULIE V.
AU  - HUI TIAN
AU  - MCINTOSH, SCOTT W.
AU  - VAN DER VOORT, LUC ROUPPE
T1  - A DETAILED COMPARISON BETWEEN THE OBSERVED AND SYNTHESIZED PROPERTIES OF A SIMULATED TYPE II SPICULE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/07//7/ 1/2013
VL  - 771
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 25
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have performed a three-dimensional radiative MHD simulation of the solar atmosphere. This simulation shows a jet-like feature that shows similarities to the type II spicules observed for the first time with Hinode's Solar Optical Telescope. Rapid blueshifted events (RBEs) on the solar disk are associated with these spicules. Observational results suggest they may contribute significantly in supplying the corona with hot plasma. We perform a detailed comparison of the properties of the simulated jet with those of type II spicules (observed with Hinode) and RBEs (with ground-based instruments). We analyze a wide variety of synthetic emission and absorption lines from the simulations including chromospheric (Ca ii 8542 Å, Ca ii H, and Hα) to transition region and coronal temperatures (10,000 K to several million K). We compare their synthetic intensities, line profiles, Doppler shifts, line widths, and asymmetries with observations from Hinode/SOT and EIS, SOHO/SUMER, the Swedish 1 m Solar Telescope, and SDO/AIA. Many properties of the synthetic observables resemble the observations, and we describe in detail the physical processes that lead to these observables. Detailed analysis of the synthetic observables provides insight into how observations should be analyzed to derive information about physical variables in such a dynamic event. For example, we find that line-of-sight superposition in the optically thin atmosphere requires the combination of Doppler shifts and spectral line asymmetry to determine the velocity in the jet. In our simulated type II spicule, the lifetime of the asymmetry of the transition region lines is shorter than that of the coronal lines. Other properties differ from the observations, especially in the chromospheric lines. The mass density of the part of the spicule with a chromospheric temperature is too low to produce significant opacity in chromospheric lines. The synthetic Ca ii 8542Å and Hα profiles therefore do not show signal resembling RBEs. These and other discrepancies are described in detail, and we discuss which mechanisms and physical processes may need to be included in the MHD simulations to mimic the thermodynamic processes of the chromosphere and corona, in particular to reproduce type II spicules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - HIGH temperature plasmas
KW  - SOLAR optical telescopes
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
KW  - radiative transfer
KW  - Sun: atmosphere
KW  - Sun: chromosphere
KW  - Sun: corona
KW  - Sun: transition region
N1  - Accession Number: 90115789; MARTÍNEZ-SYKORA, JUAN 1,2,3; Email Address: j.m.sykora@astro.uio.no DE PONTIEU, BART 1 LEENAARTS, JORRIT 2 PEREIRA, TIAGO M. D. 1,4 CARLSSON, MATS 2 HANSTEEN, VIGGO 2 STERN, JULIE V. 1 HUI TIAN 5 MCINTOSH, SCOTT W. 6 VAN DER VOORT, LUC ROUPPE 2; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  2: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA; Source Info: 7/ 1/2013, Vol. 771 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: HIGH temperature plasmas; Subject Term: SOLAR optical telescopes; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: chromosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: corona; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: transition region; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/66
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MUKADAM, ANJUM S.
AU  - BISCHOFF-KIM, AGNES
AU  - FRASER, OLIVER
AU  - CÓRSICO, A. H.
AU  - MONTGOMERY, M. H.
AU  - KEPLER, S. O.
AU  - ROMERO, A. D.
AU  - WINGET, D. E.
AU  - HERMES, J. J.
AU  - RIECKEN, T. S.
AU  - KRONBERG, M. E.
AU  - WINGET, K. I.
AU  - FALCON, ROSS E.
AU  - CHANDLER, D. W.
AU  - KUEHNE, J. W.
AU  - SULLIVAN, D. J.
AU  - REAVES, D.
AU  - VON HIPPEL, T.
AU  - MULLALLY, F.
AU  - SHIPMAN, H.
T1  - MEASURING THE EVOLUTIONARY RATE OF COOLING OF ZZ Ceti.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/07//7/ 1/2013
VL  - 771
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have finally measured the evolutionary rate of cooling of the pulsating hydrogen atmosphere (DA) white dwarf ZZ Ceti (Ross 548), as reflected by the drift rate of the 213.13260694 s period. Using 41 yr of time-series photometry from 1970 November to 2012 January, we determine the rate of change of this period with time to be dP/dt = (5.2 ± 1.4) ×10−15 s s−1 employing the O−C method and (5.45 ± 0.79) ×10−15 s s−1 using a direct nonlinear least squares fit to the entire lightcurve. We adopt the dP/dt obtained from the nonlinear least squares program as our final determination, but augment the corresponding uncertainty to a more realistic value, ultimately arriving at the measurement of dP/dt = (5.5 ± 1.0) ×10−15 s s−1. After correcting for proper motion, the evolutionary rate of cooling of ZZ Ceti is computed to be (3.3 ± 1.1) ×10−15 s s−1. This value is consistent within uncertainties with the measurement of (4.19±0.73)×10−15 s s−1 for another similar pulsating DA white dwarf, G 117-B15A.Measuring the cooling rate of ZZ Ceti helps us refine our stellar structure and evolutionary models, as cooling depends mainly on the core composition and stellar mass. Calibrating white dwarf cooling curves with this measurement will reduce the theoretical uncertainties involved in white dwarf cosmochronometry. Should the 213.13 s period be trapped in the hydrogen envelope, then our determination of its drift rate compared to the expected evolutionary rate suggests an additional source of stellar cooling. Attributing the excess cooling to the emission of axions imposes a constraint on the mass of the hypothetical axion particle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC hydrogen
KW  - COOLING curves
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - stars: evolution
KW  - stars: individual (ZZ Ceti,R548)
KW  - stars: oscillations (including pulsations)
KW  - stars: variables: general
KW  - white dwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 90115738; MUKADAM, ANJUM S. 1,2 BISCHOFF-KIM, AGNES 3 FRASER, OLIVER 1,2 CÓRSICO, A. H. 4,5 MONTGOMERY, M. H. 6,7,8 KEPLER, S. O. 9 ROMERO, A. D. 9 WINGET, D. E. 6,8 HERMES, J. J. 6,8 RIECKEN, T. S. 1,2 KRONBERG, M. E. 1,2 WINGET, K. I. 6,8 FALCON, ROSS E. 6,8 CHANDLER, D. W. 10 KUEHNE, J. W. 8 SULLIVAN, D. J. 11 REAVES, D. 6,8 VON HIPPEL, T. 12 MULLALLY, F. 13 SHIPMAN, H. 7,14; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  2: Apache Point Observatory, 2001 Apache Point Road, Sunspot, NM 88349, USA  3: Georgia College & State University, Milledgeville, GA 31061, USA  4: Facultad de Ciencias AstronÓmicas y GeofÍsicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina  5: Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78759, USA  7: Delaware Asteroseismic Research Center, Mt. Cuba Observatory, Greenville, DE 19807, USA  8: McDonald Observatory, Fort Davis, TX 79734, USA  9: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil  10: Meyer Observatory, Central Texas Astronomical Society, 3409 Whispering Oaks, Temple, TX 76504, USA  11: Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand  12: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 600 South Clyde Morris Boulevard, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, USA  13: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Source Info: 7/ 1/2013, Vol. 771 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC hydrogen; Subject Term: COOLING curves; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (ZZ Ceti,R548); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations (including pulsations); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: white dwarfs; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/17
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ROBERGE, A.
AU  - KAMP, I.
AU  - MONTESINOS, B.
AU  - DENT, W. R. F.
AU  - MEEUS, G.
AU  - DONALDSON, J. K.
AU  - OLOFSSON, J.
AU  - MOóR, A.
AU  - AUGEREAU, J.-C.
AU  - HOWARD, C.
AU  - EIROA, C.
AU  - THI, W.-F.
AU  - ARDILA, D. R.
AU  - SANDELL, G.
AU  - WOITKE, P.
T1  - HERSCHEL OBSERVATIONS OF GAS AND DUST IN THE UNUSUAL 49 Ceti DEBRIS DISK.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/07//7/ 1/2013
VL  - 771
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present far-IR/sub-mm imaging and spectroscopy of 49 Ceti, an unusual circumstellar disk around a nearby young A1V star. The system is famous for showing the dust properties of a debris disk, but the gas properties of a low-mass protoplanetary disk. The data were acquired with the Herschel Space Observatory PACS and SPIRE instruments, largely as part of the "Gas in Protoplanetary Systems" (GASPS) Open Time Key Programme. Disk dust emission is detected in images at 70, 160, 250, 350, and 500μm; 49 Cet is significantly extended in the 70μm image, spatially resolving the outer dust disk for the first time. Spectra covering small wavelength ranges centered on eight atomic and molecular emission lines were obtained, including [O i] 63μm and [C ii] 158μm. The C ii line was detected at the 5σ level-the first detection of atomic emission from the disk. No other emission lines were seen, despite the fact that the Oi line is the brightest one observed in Herschel protoplanetary disk spectra. We present an estimate of the amount of circumstellar atomic gas implied by the C ii emission. The new far-IR/sub-mm data fills in a large gap in the previous spectral energy distribution (SED) of 49 Cet. A simple model of the new SED confirms the two-component structure of the disk: warm inner dust and cold outer dust that produces most of the observed excess. Finally, we discuss preliminary thermochemical modeling of the 49 Cet gas/dust disk and our attempts to match several observational results simultaneously. Although we are not yet successful in doing so, our investigations shed light on the evolutionary status of the 49 Cet gas, which might not be primordial gas but rather secondary gas coming from comets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ATOMIC emission spectroscopy
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - Kuiper belt: general
KW  - protoplanetary disks
KW  - stars: individual (49 Ceti)
KW  - HERSCHEL Space Observatory (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90115792; ROBERGE, A. 1; Email Address: Aki.Roberge@nasa.gov KAMP, I. 2 MONTESINOS, B. 3 DENT, W. R. F. 4 MEEUS, G. 5 DONALDSON, J. K. 6 OLOFSSON, J. 7 MOóR, A. 8 AUGEREAU, J.-C. 9 HOWARD, C. 10 EIROA, C. 5 THI, W.-F. 9 ARDILA, D. R. 11 SANDELL, G. 10 WOITKE, P. 12; Affiliation:  1: Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands  3: Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), ESAC Campus, PO Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  4: ALMA, Avda Apoquindo 3846, Piso 19, Edificio Alsacia, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile  5: Departmento Física Teórica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  7: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany  8: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 67, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary  9: UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, UMR 5274, F-38041, Grenoble, France  10: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Building N232, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: NASA Herschel Science Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Mail Stop 220-6, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  12: University of Vienna, Department of Astronomy, Türkenschanzstr. 17, A-1180, Vienna, Austria; Source Info: 7/ 1/2013, Vol. 771 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ATOMIC emission spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (49 Ceti); Company/Entity: HERSCHEL Space Observatory (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/69
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SCARGLE, JEFFREY D.
AU  - KEIL, STEPHEN L.
AU  - WORDEN, SIMON P.
T1  - SOLAR CYCLE VARIABILITY AND SURFACE DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION FROM Ca II K-LINE TIME SERIES DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/07//7/ 1/2013
VL  - 771
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Analysis of over 36 yr of time series data from the NSO/AFRL/Sac Peak K-line monitoring program elucidates 5 components of the variation of the 7 measured chromospheric parameters: (a) the solar cycle (period ~ 11 yr), (b) quasi-periodic variations (periods ~ 100 days), (c) a broadband stochastic process (wide range of periods), (d) rotational modulation, and (e) random observational errors, independent of (a)-(d). Correlation and power spectrum analyses elucidate periodic and aperiodic variation of these parameters. Time-frequency analysis illuminates periodic and quasi-periodic signals, details of frequency modulation due to differential rotation, and in particular elucidates the rather complex harmonic structure (a) and (b) at timescales in the range ~0.1-10 yr. These results using only full-disk data suggest that similar analyses will be useful for detecting and characterizing differential rotation in stars from stellar light curves such as those being produced by NASA's Kepler observatory. Component (c) consists of variations over a range of timescales, in the manner of a 1/f random process with a power-law slope index that varies in a systematic way. A time-dependent Wilson-Bappu effect appears to be present in the solar cycle variations (a), but not in the more rapid variations of the stochastic process (c). Component (d) characterizes differential rotation of the active regions. Component (e) is of course not characteristic of solar variability, but the fact that the observational errors are quite small greatly facilitates the analysis of the other components. The data analyzed in this paper can be found at the National Solar Observatory Web site http://nsosp.nso.edu/cak_mon/, or by file transfer protocol at ftp://ftp.nso.edu/idl/cak.parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - Sun: chromosphere
KW  - Sun: rotation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90115756; SCARGLE, JEFFREY D. 1 KEIL, STEPHEN L. 2 WORDEN, SIMON P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  2: National Solar Observatory, P.O. Box 57, Sunspot, NM 88349, USA; Source Info: 7/ 1/2013, Vol. 771 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: chromosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: rotation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/33
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, B. D.
AU  - Engel, A.
AU  - Mühle, J.
AU  - Elkins, J. W.
AU  - Artuso, F.
AU  - Atlas, E.
AU  - Aydin, M.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Brunke, E.-G.
AU  - Chiavarini, S.
AU  - Fraser, P. J.
AU  - Happell, J.
AU  - Krummel, P. B.
AU  - Levin, I.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Maione, M.
AU  - Montzka, S. A.
AU  - O'Doherty, S.
AU  - Reimann, S.
AU  - Rhoderick, G.
T1  - Results from the International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE).
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 8021
EP  - 8069
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE) was conducted to document relationships between calibration scales among various laboratories that measure atmospheric greenhouse and ozone depleting gases. Six stainless steel cylinders containing natural and modified natural air samples were circulated among 19 laboratories. Results from this experiment reveal relatively good agreement among commonly used calibration scales for a number of trace gases present in the unpolluted atmosphere at pmol mol−1 (parts per trillion) levels, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Some scale relationships were found to be consistent with those derived from bi-lateral experiments or from analysis of atmospheric data, while others revealed discrepancies. The transfer of calibration scales among laboratories was found to be problematic in many cases, meaning that measurements tied to a common scale may not, in fact, be compatible. These results reveal substantial improvements in calibration over previous comparisons. However there is room for improvement in communication and coordination of calibration activities with respect to the measurement of halogenated and related trace gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HALOCARBONS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - OZONE-depleting substances
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - HYDROFLUOROCARBONS
N1  - Accession Number: 91631173; Hall, B. D. 1; Email Address: bradley.hall@noaa.gov Engel, A. 2 Mühle, J. 3 Elkins, J. W. 1 Artuso, F. 4 Atlas, E. 5 Aydin, M. 6 Blake, D. 6 Brunke, E.-G. 7 Chiavarini, S. 4 Fraser, P. J. 8 Happell, J. 5 Krummel, P. B. 8 Levin, I. 9 Loewenstein, M. 10 Maione, M. 11 Montzka, S. A. 1 O'Doherty, S. 12 Reimann, S. 13 Rhoderick, G. 14; Affiliation:  1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany  3: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA  4: ENEA, Rome, Italy  5: University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA  6: University of California, Irvine CA, USA  7: South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa  8: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Australia  9: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  11: University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy  12: University of Bristol, Bristol, UK  13: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland  14: National Institute of Standards Technology, Gaithersberg, MD, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p8021; Subject Term: HALOCARBONS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: OZONE-depleting substances; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: HYDROFLUOROCARBONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 49p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-6-8021-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - STUBENRAUCH, C. J.
AU  - ROSSOW, W. B.
AU  - KINNE, S.
AU  - ACKERMAN, S.
AU  - CESANA, G.
AU  - CHEPFER, H.
AU  - DI GIROLAMO, L.
AU  - GETZEWICH, B.
AU  - GUIGNARD, A.
AU  - HEIDINGER, A.
AU  - MADDUX, B. C.
AU  - MENZEL, W. R.
AU  - MINNIS, P.
AU  - PEARL, C.
AU  - PLATNICK, S.
AU  - POULSEN, C.
AU  - RIEDI, J.
AU  - SUN-MACK, S.
AU  - WALTHER, A.
AU  - WINKER, D.
T1  - ASSESSMENT OF GLOBAL CLOUD DATASETS FROM SATELLITES.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 94
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1031
EP  - 1049
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Clouds cover about 70% of Earth's surface and play a dominant role in the energy and water cycle of our planet. Only satellite observations provide a continuous survey of the state of the atmosphere over the entire globe and across the wide range of spatial and temporal scales that compose weather and climate variability. Satellite cloud data records now exceed more than 25 years; however, climate data records must be compiled from different satellite datasets and can exhibit systematic biases. Questions therefore arise as to the accuracy and limitations of the various sensors and retrieval methods. The Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Cloud Assessment, initiated in 2005 by the GEWEX Radiation Panel (GEWEX Data and Assessment Panel since 2011), provides the first coordinated intercomparison of publicly available, standard global cloud products (gridded monthly statistics) retrieved from measurements of multispectral imagers (some with multiangle view and polarization capabilities), IR sounders, and lidar. Cloud properties under study include cloud amount, cloud height (in terms of pressure, temperature, or altitude), cloud thermodynamic phase, and cloud radiative and bulk microphysical properties (optical depth or emissivity, effective particle radius, and water path). Differences in average cloud properties, especially in the amount of high-level clouds, are mostly explained by the inherent instrument measurement capability for detecting and/or identifying optically thin cirrus, especially when overlying low-level clouds. The study of long-term variations with these datasets requires consideration of many factors. The monthly gridded database presented here facilitates further assessments, climate studies, and the evaluation of climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 89561291; STUBENRAUCH, C. J. 1; Email Address: stubenrauch@lmd.polytechnique.fr ROSSOW, W. B. 2 KINNE, S. 3 ACKERMAN, S. 4 CESANA, G. 1 CHEPFER, H. 1 DI GIROLAMO, L. 5 GETZEWICH, B. 6 GUIGNARD, A. 1 HEIDINGER, A. 7 MADDUX, B. C. 4 MENZEL, W. R. 4 MINNIS, P. 8 PEARL, C. 2 PLATNICK, S. 9 POULSEN, C. 10 RIEDI, J. 11 SUN-MACK, S. 6 WALTHER, A. 4 WINKER, D. 8; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/IPSL/CNRS, UPMC, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France  2: CREST Institute, City College of New York, New York, New York  3: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany  4: CIMSS, University of Wisconsin--Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois  6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  7: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, Madison, Wisconsin  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  9: NASA Goddard Space FlightCenter, Greenbelt, Maryland  10: Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, United Kingdom  11: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique/CNRS, Lille, France; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 94 Issue 7, p1031; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00117.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemeth, Noel
AU  - Walker, Andrew
AU  - Baker, Eric
AU  - Murthy, Pappu
AU  - Bratton, Robert
T1  - Large-scale Weibull analysis of H-451 nuclear-grade graphite rupture strength.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 58
M3  - Article
SP  - 208
EP  - 225
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: A Weibull analysis was performed of the strength distribution and size effects for 2000 specimens of H-451 nuclear-grade graphite. The data, generated elsewhere, measured the tensile and four-point-flexure room-temperature rupture strength of specimens cut from a single extruded graphite log. Strength variation versus specimen location, size, and orientation relative to the parent body were compared. In our study, data were progressively and extensively pooled into larger data sets to discriminate overall trends from local variations and investigate the strength distribution. Issues regarding size effect, Weibull parameter consistency, and nonlinear stress–strain response were investigated using the Ceramics Analysis and Reliability Evaluation of Structures Life Prediction Program (CARES/Life) and WeibPar codes. Overall, the Weibull distribution described the behavior of the pooled data very well. The Weibull modulus was shown to be clearly consistent between different tensile specimen sizes and orientations. However, the issue regarding the smaller-than-expected size effect remained. This exercise illustrated that a conservative approach using a two-parameter Weibull distribution is best for designing graphite components with low probability of failure for the in-core structures in the proposed Generation IV high-temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactors. This exercise also demonstrated the continuing need to better understand the mechanisms driving stochastic strength response. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - RUPTURES (Structural failure)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - LARGE scale systems
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 89193360; Nemeth, Noel 1; Email Address: noel.n.nemeth@nasa.gov Walker, Andrew 2 Baker, Eric 3 Murthy, Pappu 1 Bratton, Robert 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435, USA  3: Connecticut Reserve Technologies, Gates Mills, OH 44040, USA  4: U.S. Department of Energy, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 58, p208; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: RUPTURES (Structural failure); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: LARGE scale systems; Subject Term: WEIBULL distribution; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2013.02.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Grotzinger, John P.
T1  - Sulfate availability and the geological record of cold-seep deposits.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 41
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 811
EP  - 814
SN  - 00917613
AB  - Cold-seep deposits are the remnants of ancient chemosynthetic ecosystems that derive energy from microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) using seawater sulfate. They provide a physical record of a microbial process that plays a critical role in regulating biospheric methane. Although highly 13C-depleted kerogen suggests that AOM dates back 2.7 b.y., puzzlingly, the oldest reported cold seeps only appear at 635 Ma and lack carbon isotopic signals (<-30‰ Peedee belemnite) that are diagnostic of AOM in examples younger than 350 Ma. Using a one-dimensional biogeochemical reaction- transport model, we confirm that these discrepancies are an expected consequence of changes in seawater chemistry. More specifically, sub-millimolar (mM) to millimolar seawater sulfate concentrations ([SO2-4]SW) and elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon that characterized seawater through much of the Precambrian limited AOM-driven carbonate supersaturation and 13C depletion, making seep carbonates less likely to form and more challenging to identify. Moderate 13C depletions observed in 420-370-m.y.-old cold-seep carbonates (independently identified by fossil assemblages and contextual and textural observations) indicate [SO214]SW < 5 mM in this interval. This is significant because low [SO214]SW has been linked to widespread ocean anoxia in the early Paleozoic, an environmental condition thought to have influenced the evolution, extinction, and recovery of early animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANAEROBIC bacteria
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - METHANE
KW  - CARBONATES
KW  - BIOTIC communities -- Research
KW  - SEAWATER -- Composition
N1  - Accession Number: 89172762; Bristow, Thomas F. 1 Grotzinger, John P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, MC170-25, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 41 Issue 7, p811; Subject Term: ANAEROBIC bacteria; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: CARBONATES; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities -- Research; Subject Term: SEAWATER -- Composition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G34265.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wendt, Lorenz
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Neukum, Gerhard
T1  - Knob fields in the Terra Cimmeria/Terra Sirenum region of Mars: Stratigraphy, mineralogy and morphology.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 225
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 200
EP  - 215
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We use imagery and spectral data to study Ariadnes Colles and neighboring knob fields. [•] The knob fields contain Mg-Fe and Al-rich smectites, yet have been mapped previously as Amazonian units. [•] Cross-cutting relationships indicate an upper Noachian age. [•] Aqueous activity continued after the formation of the phyllosilicate deposits. [•] The Sirenum Fossae postdate clay formation and are crosscut by younger valleys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SMECTITE
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - CLAY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Mars, Surface
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 88987739; Wendt, Lorenz 1; Email Address: lorenz.wendt@fu-berlin.de Bishop, Janice L. 2; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org Neukum, Gerhard 1; Email Address: gerhard.neukum@fu-berlin.de; Affiliation:  1: Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing Group, Malteserstr. 74-100D, 12249 Berlin, Germany  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 225 Issue 1, p200; Subject Term: SMECTITE; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: CLAY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212324 Kaolin and Ball Clay Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.03.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
AU  - Korycansky, D.G.
T1  - The quadrupole model for rigid-body gravity simulations.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 225
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 635
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Introduces new models for gravitational simulations. [•] Includes large primary to all orders. [•] Includes secondaries as small gravitational “molecules” or as point quadrupoles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RIGID bodies (Mechanics)
KW  - QUADRUPOLES
KW  - GRAVITATION
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Asteroids, Dynamics
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Comets, Dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 88987772; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov Korycansky, D.G. 2; Affiliation:  1: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  2: CODEP, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064-1077, United States; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 225 Issue 1, p623; Subject Term: RIGID bodies (Mechanics); Subject Term: QUADRUPOLES; Subject Term: GRAVITATION; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids, Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, Dynamics; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bezirgiannidis, Nikolaos
AU  - Burleigh, Scott
AU  - Tsaoussidis, Vassilis
T1  - Delivery Time Estimation for Space Bundles.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1897
EP  - 1910
SN  - 00189251
AB  - We present a method for predicting delivery time of bundles in space internetworks. The bundle delivery time estimation (BDTE) tool exploits contact graph routing (CGR), predicts bundle route, and calculates plausible arrival times along with the corresponding probabilities. Latency forecasts are performed in an administrative node with access to an instrumentation database (DB) appropriate for statistical processing. Through both analysis and experimentation, we demonstrate that estimates of bundle earliest plausible delivery time and destination arrival probabilities can be provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Aerospace & Electronic Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIME perception
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - Bit error rate
KW  - Delays
KW  - Estimation
KW  - Interplanetary
KW  - Probability
KW  - Protocols
KW  - Space vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 89108617; Bezirgiannidis, Nikolaos 1 Burleigh, Scott 2 Tsaoussidis, Vassilis 1; Affiliation:  1: Democritus University of Thrace, Greece  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 49 Issue 3, p1897; Subject Term: TIME perception; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bit error rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protocols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAES.2013.6558026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89108617&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Josset, D.
AU  - Tanelli, S.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Zhai, P.
T1  - Analysis of Water Vapor Correction for CloudSat W-Band Radar.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul2013 Part 1
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3812
EP  - 3825
SN  - 01962892
AB  - We analyzed different models to estimate absorption at W-band by gaseous species by taking advantage of the collocated CloudSat–Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) measurements. We used the power backscattered by the surface in the green visible wavelength of the lidar of CALIPSO as a reference to infer CloudSat's 94-GHz ocean surface backscatter in clear air and infer the attenuation introduced by gaseous absorption. Different millimeter-wave propagation models (MPMs) and different sources to determine the profile of atmospheric thermodynamic state are used to estimate CloudSat attenuation. These estimates are compared to the observations to calculate the residual dispersion. We show here that we need to adjust the empirical constants of preexisting water vapor absorption models to minimize the dispersion. Our results indicate an overestimation of absorption by the water vapor continuum at 94 GHz in Liebe-based MPM. We also propose a new empirical model to better represent the absorption of the water vapor continuum near 94 GHz. When this model is used in combination with the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System water vapor path and the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office water vapor vertical profile distribution, it leads to the lowest dispersion of the data on a statistical basis (global data over one month). The improved model is expected to optimize water vapor correction applied to CloudSat data and, potentially, also to improve interpretation of brightness temperature measurements in the W-band (e.g., 85- and 98-GHz radiometric channels). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - MILLIMETER wave propagation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - MICROWAVE radiometers
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Atmospheric modeling
KW  - Attenuation
KW  - Clouds
KW  - Laser radar
KW  - Ocean temperature
KW  - radar
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 95451691; Josset, D. 1 Tanelli, S. 2 Hu, Y. 3 Pelon, J. 4 Zhai, P. 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI, Hampton, USA  2: Radar Science and Engineering Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA  3: Atmospheric Composition Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Université Pierre et Marie Curie/LATMOS/IPSL/CNRS, Paris, France; Source Info: Jul2013 Part 1, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p3812; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: MILLIMETER wave propagation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: MICROWAVE radiometers; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: water vapor; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2228659
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
AU  - Clem, M. M.
AU  - Fagan, A. F.
T1  - Noise from a jet discharged into a duct and its suppression.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 189
EP  - 214
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - This study addresses unwanted high intensity noise sometimes encountered in engine test facilities. Model-scale experiments are conducted for a round jet discharged into a cylindrical duct. In most cases, the unwanted noise is found to be due to longitudinal resonance modes of the duct excited by the random turbulence of the jet. When the 'preferred mode' frequency of the jet matches a duct resonant frequency there can be a locked-in 'super-resonance' accompanied by a high intensity tone or 'howl'. Various techniques are explored for suppression of the unwanted noise. Tabs placed on the ends of the duct are found ineffective; so are longitudinal fins placed inside the duct. Arod inserted perpendicular to the flow ('howl stick') is also found generally ineffective; however, it is effective when there is a super-resonance. By far the most effective suppression is achieved by a wire-mesh screen placed at the end of the duct. The screen not only eliminates the super-resonance but also the duct mode spectral peaks. Apparently the screen works by dampening the velocity fluctuations at the pressure node and thereby weakening the resonant condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR jets -- Noise
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors -- Noise
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - RESONANCE
N1  - Accession Number: 88834539; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1 Clem, M. M. 2 Fagan, A. F. 2; Affiliation:  1: Inlet & Nozzle Branch, Aeropropulsion Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Optical Instrumentation Branch, Instrumentation and Controls Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p189; Subject Term: AIR jets -- Noise; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors -- Noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1260/1475-472X.12.3.189
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Sylvia M.
AU  - Madsen, Lynnette D.
AU  - Freiman, Stephen
T1  - Nanoscale Ceramics: Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Implications.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 577
EP  - 583
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Part of the symposium on Nanostructured Materials at the Fourth International Congress on Ceramics ( ICC4) dealt with health aspects related to these materials. Major issues discussed included definitions and measurements of nanoparticles, best test protocols, collaboration and communication between, for example, materials scientists and biologists, and the plethora of information and regulations (that is sometimes even conflicting). Emerging opportunities were identified in terms of obtaining uniformity of nomenclature and testing standards, education and training of a new generation of multidisciplinary researchers, and understanding and then fully exploiting the positive aspects of nanomaterials, including improvements to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials -- Research
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - NANOPARTICLES
KW  - SILICA
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
N1  - Accession Number: 88800052; Johnson, Sylvia M. 1 Madsen, Lynnette D. 2 Freiman, Stephen; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Ames Research Center  2: Division of Materials Research, National Science Foundation (NSF); Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 10 Issue 4, p577; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials -- Research; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: NANOPARTICLES; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/ijac.12079
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mosier, Kathleen L.
AU  - Rettenmaier, Paula
AU  - McDearmid, Matthew
AU  - Wilson, Jordan
AU  - Mak, Stanton
AU  - Raj, Lakshmi
AU  - Orasanu, Judith
T1  - Pilot–ATC Communication Conflicts: Implications for NextGen.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul-Sep2013
VL  - 23
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 226
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - In the planned NextGen aviation operations, it will be critical to ensure shared situational understanding and cooperative problem solving between aircrews and air traffic controllers (ATC). A first step in predicting how future changes will impact flight crews and ATC is to examine the current system and to pinpoint problematic areas that could be ameliorated or exacerbated by advanced automation and heavier traffic density. In this study, we coded Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) reports identified as having communication conflicts between pilots and ATC. Results describe types of conflict, operational context, phase of flight, operator states, and situations conducive to communication conflicts, risk perception differences, and inappropriate resolution strategies. Reports suggest that high workload approach and landing phases are conducive to communication conflicts, that different interpretations of the same information might lead to conflict, and that operator state could impact communication and collaboration between flight crews and ATC. A specific problem was noted when reporters felt that the affective response of the other party was not appropriate to the situation. Although this study reflects the limitations inherent in ASRS data, it can provide insights into potential problem areas and conflict triggers in NextGen operations. This research will enable us to better predict NextGen aircrew–ATC communication breakdowns and conflicts resulting from specific situations or operator states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAFFIC conflicts
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIR traffic controllers
KW  - FLIGHT crews
KW  - TRAFFIC density
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
N1  - Accession Number: 88892798; Mosier, Kathleen L. 1; Email Address: kmosier@sfsu.edu Rettenmaier, Paula 1 McDearmid, Matthew 1 Wilson, Jordan 1 Mak, Stanton 1 Raj, Lakshmi 1 Orasanu, Judith 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Jul-Sep2013, Vol. 23 Issue 3, p213; Subject Term: TRAFFIC conflicts; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIR traffic controllers; Subject Term: FLIGHT crews; Subject Term: TRAFFIC density; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2013.799350
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pineda, Evan
AU  - Waas, Anthony
T1  - Numerical implementation of a multiple-ISV thermodynamically-based work potential theory for modeling progressive damage and failure in fiber-reinforced laminates.
JO  - International Journal of Fracture
JF  - International Journal of Fracture
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 182
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 122
SN  - 03769429
AB  - A thermodynamically-based work potential theory for modeling progressive damage and failure in fiber-reinforced laminates is presented. The current, multiple-internal state variable (ISV) formulation, referred to as enhanced Schapery theory, utilizes separate ISVs for modeling the effects of damage and failure. Damage is considered to be the effect of any structural changes in a material that manifest as pre-peak non-linearity in the stress versus strain response. Conversely, failure is taken to be the effect of the evolution of any mechanisms that results in post-peak strain softening, resulting in a negative tangent stiffness. It is assumed that matrix microdamage is the dominant damage mechanism in continuous fiber-reinforced polymer matrix laminates, and its evolution is controlled with a single ISV. Three additional ISVs are introduced to account for failure due to mode I transverse cracking, mode II transverse cracking, and mode I axial failure. Typically, failure evolution (i.e., post-peak strain softening characterized through a negative tangent stiffness) results in pathologically mesh dependent solutions within a finite element (FE) framework. Therefore, consistent characteristic lengths are introduced into the formulation to govern the evolution of the three failure ISVs. Using the stationarity of the total work potential with respect to each ISV, a set of thermodynamically consistent evolution equations for the ISVs are derived. The theory is implemented in association with the commercial FE software, Abaqus. Objectivity of total energy dissipated during the failure process, with regards to refinements in the FE mesh, is demonstrated. The model is also verified against experimental results from two laminated, T800/3900-2 panels containing a central notch and different fiber-orientation stacking sequences. Global load versus displacement, global load versus local strain gage data, and macroscopic failure paths obtained from the models are compared against the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fracture is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 88823776; Pineda, Evan 1; Email Address: evan.j.pineda@nasa.gov Waas, Anthony; Email Address: dcw@umich.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mechanics and Life Prediction Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 44135 USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 182 Issue 1, p93; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COATING processes; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10704-013-9860-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88823776&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, Chunmei
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
T1  - Geotechnical Properties of GRC-3 Lunar Simulant.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 26
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 528
EP  - 534
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Geotechnical properties of the lunar regolith are critical parameters in the design of equipment for in situ resource utilization (ISRU) on the Moon. It is imperative to simulate the geotechnical behavior of the lunar soil properly in the development of such equipment. Soil strength depends on the preparation method as well as the properties of the granular raw material. To execute the many small- and large-scale equipment tests planned for ISRU, it is necessary to develop a simulant that is inexpensive and can be produced in large quantities. This paper presents the methodology behind developing such a lunar-like geotechnical soil, GRC-3, and compares the properties of this soil with those of lunar regolith. The results show that particle size distribution, specific gravity, bulk density, and shear strength parameters for several preparation protocols are similar to that of lunar soil. Therefore, GRC-3 can be used in future large-scale experiments to predict the performance of ISRU equipment on the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOTECHNICAL engineering
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - RAW materials
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - MOON
KW  - Exploration
KW  - Geotechnical
KW  - Lunar materials
KW  - Lunar simulant
KW  - Moon
KW  - Soil properties
KW  - Space exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 88230985; He, Chunmei Zeng, Xiangwu 1 Wilkinson, Allen 2; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201.  2: Research Scientist, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p528; Subject Term: GEOTECHNICAL engineering; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: RAW materials; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: MOON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geotechnical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424590 Other Farm Product Raw Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000162
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88230985&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulani, SameerB.
AU  - Havens, David
AU  - Norris, Ashley
AU  - Bird, Keith
AU  - Kapania, Rakesh K.
AU  - Robert, Olliffe
T1  - Design, Optimization, and Evaluation of Al-2139 Compression Panel with Integral T-Stiffeners.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1275
EP  - 1286
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A T-stiffened panel was designed and optimized for minimum mass subjected to constraints on buckling load, yielding, and crippling or local stiffener failure using a new analysis and design tool named EBF3PanelOpt The panel was designed for a compression loading configuration, a realistic load case for a typical aircraft skin-stiffened panel. The panel was integrally machined from a 2139 aluminum alloy plate and was tested in compression. The panel was loaded beyond buckling and strains, and out-of-plane displacements were extracted from 36 strain gages and one linear variable displacement transducer. A digital photogrammetric system was used to obtain full-field displacements and strains on the smooth (unstiffened) side of the panel. The experimental data were compared with the strains and out-of-plane deflections from a high-fidelity nonlinear finite element analysis. The test data indicated that the panel buckled at the linear elastic buckling eigenvalue predicted for the panel. The out-of-plane displacement measured by the digital photogrammetric system compared well both qualitatively and quantitatively with the nonlinear finite element solution in the postbuckling regime. Furthermore, the experimental strains compared well with both the linear and nonlinear finite element models before buckling. The weight of the optimized panel was 20% less than that of a T-stiffened panel optimized using conventional design techniques [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - TRANSDUCERS
KW  - DIGITAL photography
KW  - PHOTOGRAMMETRIC pictures
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
N1  - Accession Number: 89933139; Mulani, SameerB. 1 Havens, David 2 Norris, Ashley 3 Bird, Keith 4 Kapania, Rakesh K. 5 Robert, Olliffe 6; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, 215 Randolph Hall (0203), Senior Member AIAA, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0203  2: Aerospace Engineer IV, Staff, ADP Technology Development and Integration, 86 South Cobb Drive/MS 0663, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Marietta, Georgia 30063-0663  3: Materials Engineer, Sr., Advanced Manufacturing Systems and Prototyping, 1111 Lockheed Way/MS 0645, Palmdale, CA 93599, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Marietta, Georgia 30063-0663  4: Materials Research Engineer, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Mail Stop 188A, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23666  5: Mitchell Professor, Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, 215 Randolph Hall (0203). Associate Fellow AIAA,Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0203  6: Aeronautical Engineer, Staff, ADP Technology Development and Integration, 86 South Cobb Drive, C/6E5M, Z/0663, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Marietta, Georgia 30063-0663; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p1275; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: TRANSDUCERS; Subject Term: DIGITAL photography; Subject Term: PHOTOGRAMMETRIC pictures; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334419 Other Electronic Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032199
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89933139&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Clifford A.
T1  - Jet-Surface Interaction Test: Far-Field Noise Results.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 135
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Many configurations proposed for the next generation of aircraft rely on the wing or other aircraft surfaces to shield the engine noise from the observers on the ground. However, the ability to predict the shielding effect and any new noise sources that arise from the high-speed jet flow interacting with a hard surface is currently limited. Furthermore, quality experimental data from jets with surfaces nearby suitable for developing and validating noise prediction methods are usually tied to a particular vehicle concept and, therefore, very complicated. The Jet-Surface Interaction Tests are intended to supply a high quality set of data covering a wide range of surface geometries and positions and jet flows to researchers developing aircraft noise prediction tools. The initial goal is to mea sure the noise of a jet near a simple planar surface while varying the surface length and location in order to: (1) validate noise prediction schemes when the surface is acting only as a jet noise shield and when the jet-surface interaction is creating additional noise, and (2) determine regions of interest for future, more detailed, tests. To meet these objectives, a flat plate was mounted on a two-axis traverse in two distinct configurations: (1) as a shield between the jet and the observer and (2) as a reflecting surface on the opposite side of the jet from the observer. The surface length was varied between 2 and 20 jet diameters downstream of the nozzle exit. Similarly, the radial distance from the jet centerline to the surface face was varied between 1 and 16 jet diameters. Far-field and phased array noise data were acquired at each combination of surface length and radial location using two nozzles operating at jet exit conditions across several flow regimes: subsonic cold, subsonic hot, underexpanded, ideally expanded, and overexpanded super sonic. The far-field noise results, discussed here, show where the jet noise is partially shielded by the surface and where jet-surface interaction noise dominates the low frequency spectrum as a surface extends downstream and approaches the jet plume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors -- Noise
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - JET planes -- Noise
KW  - JET nozzles
N1  - Accession Number: 89673916; Brown, Clifford A. 1; Email Address: Clifford.A.Brown@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Research Engineer, Acoustics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 135 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors -- Noise; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise; Subject Term: JET nozzles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4023605
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89673916&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
AU  - Armstrong, Jeffrey B.
T1  - An Integrated Approach for Aircraft Engine Performance Estimation and Fault Diagnostics.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 135
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 07424795
AB  - A Kalman filter-based approach for integrated on-line aircraft engine performance estimation and gas path fault diagnostics is presented. This technique is specifically designed for underdetermined estimation problems where there are more unknown system parameters representing deterioration and faults than available sensor measurements. A previously developed methodology is applied to optimally design a Kalman filter to estimate a vector of tuning parameters, appropriately sized to enable estimation. The estimated tuning parameters can then be transformed into a larger vector of health parameters representing system performance deterioration and fault effects. The results of this study show that basing fault isolation decisions solely on the estimated health parameter vector does not provide ideal results. Furthermore, expanding the number of the health parameters to address additional gas path faults causes a decrease in the estimation accuracy of those health parameters representative of turbomachinery performance deterioration. However, improved fault isolation performance is demonstrated through direct analysis of the estimated tuning parameters produced by the Kalman filter. This was found to provide equivalent or superior accuracy compared to the conventional fault isolation approach based on the analysis of sensed engine outputs, while simplifying online implementation requirements. Results from the application of these techniques to an aircraft engine simulation are presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - AFTERBURNERS
KW  - GAS turbines -- Performance
KW  - AIRCRAFT motor overhauling
N1  - Accession Number: 89673918; Simon, Donald L. 1 Armstrong, Jeffrey B. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: ASRC Aerospace Corporation, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 500-ASRC, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 135 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: AFTERBURNERS; Subject Term: GAS turbines -- Performance; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT motor overhauling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4023902
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89673918&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liang-Yu Chen
T1  - Electrical Performance of Cofired Alumina Substrates at High Temperatures.
JO  - Journal of Microelectronic & Electronic Packaging
JF  - Journal of Microelectronic & Electronic Packaging
Y1  - 2013///3rd quarter 2013
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 94
SN  - 15514897
AB  - A 96% polycrystalline alumina (Al2O3) based prototype packaging system with Au thick-film metallization successfully facilitated long term testing of high temperature SiC electronic devices for over 10,000 h at 5008C previously. However, the 96% Al2O3 chip-level packages of this prototype system were not fabricated via a commercial cofire process, which would be more suitable for large scale commercial production. The cofired alumina materials adopted by the packaging industry today usually contain several percent of glass constituents to allow cofiring processes at temperatures usually lower than the regular sintering temperature for alumina. In order to answer the question of whether cofired alumina substrates can provide a reasonable high temperature electrical performance comparable to regular 96% alumina sintered at 17008C, this paper reports on the dielectric performance of a selected high temperature cofired ceramic (HTCC) alumina substrate and a low temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) alumina (polycrystalline aluminum oxides with glass constituents) substrate from room temperature to 5508C at frequencies of 120 Hz, 1 KHz, 10 KHz, 100 KHz, and 1 MHz. Parallel-plate capacitive devices with dielectrics of these cofired alumina and precious metal electrodes were used for measurement of the dielectric properties of the cofired alumina materials in the temperature and frequency ranges. The capacitance and AC parallel conductance of these capacitive devices were directly measured by an AC impedance meter, and the dielectric constant and parallel AC conductivity of the dielectric were calculated from the capacitance and conductance measurement results. The temperature and frequency dependent dielectric constant, AC conductivity, and dissipation factor of selected LTCC and HTCC cofired alumina substrates are presented and compared with those of 96% alumina. Metallization schemes for cofired alumina for high temperature applications are discussed to address the packaging needs for low-power 5008C SiC electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectronic & Electronic Packaging is the property of International Microelectronics & Packaging Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide -- Thermal properties
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - DIELECTRIC properties
KW  - PROTOTYPES -- Research
KW  - POLYCRYSTALLINE silicon
KW  - Cofired alumina
KW  - dielectric properties
KW  - high temperature
KW  - packaging
N1  - Accession Number: 93668865; Liang-Yu Chen 1; Email Address: Liangyu.Chen@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute/NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: 3rd quarter 2013, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p89; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide -- Thermal properties; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC properties; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES -- Research; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALLINE silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cofired alumina; Author-Supplied Keyword: dielectric properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: packaging; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4071/imaps.375
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93668865&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huanyun, Duan
AU  - Rui, Xu
AU  - Jianchang, Li
AU  - Yage, Yuan
AU  - Qiuxia, Wang
AU  - Intekhab Hadi, Nomana
T1  - Analysis on sustainable development countermeasures and barriers of rural household biogas in China.
JO  - Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy
JF  - Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 043116
EP  - 043116-12
SN  - 19417012
AB  - The paper has been designed based on the experimental survey and questionnaires to 797 farmers, 25 technicians in 41 villages, and 8 towns of Yuxi region, Yunnan, China-to analyze the universal problems in biogas utilization process, including (a) low biogas utilization rate, critical dysfunctional phenomenon; (b) poor comprehensive utilization of biogas, bio-slurry, and residue; and (c) imperfect post-installation service system. Combined with the investigated findings, the article has analyzed the main causes and influencing factors which lead to the different problems. In the end, having based on the adequate interpretation about the studying conclusion, recommendations and countermeasures for the future sustainable development of China's rural household biogas proper measures can be put forward onto consideration table, which includes (a) encourage joint household biogas construction; (b) carry out comprehensive utilization demonstration actively; (c) establish a relatively complete post-installation service system by encouraging technicians to get involved in the maintenance and management initiations. The establishment of incentive systems and co-operative approaches can help to achieve the ultimate target of appropriately 'biogas-designed' that are sustainably developed and constructed in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOGAS
KW  - RENEWABLE energy sources -- Government policy
KW  - ENERGY consumption -- Government policy
KW  - SUSTAINABLE development
KW  - RURAL development
KW  - CHINA
N1  - Accession Number: 90048606; Huanyun, Duan 1 Rui, Xu 1 Jianchang, Li 1 Yage, Yuan 1 Qiuxia, Wang 1 Intekhab Hadi, Nomana 2; Affiliation:  1: Solar Energy Institute, College of Energy & Environment Sciences, Yannan Normal University, Kunming 650092,  2: NASA Ames Research Center (SETI Institute Affiliation), MS 245-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p043116; Subject Term: BIOGAS; Subject Term: RENEWABLE energy sources -- Government policy; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption -- Government policy; Subject Term: SUSTAINABLE development; Subject Term: RURAL development; Subject Term: CHINA; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 10 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4816690
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90048606&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dec, John A.
AU  - Braun, Robert D.
T1  - Three-Dimensional Finite Element Ablative Thermal Response and Design of Thermal Protection Systems.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 725
EP  - 734
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A finite element ablation and thermal response program for the simulation of three-dimensional transient thermostructurai analysis has been developed. The three-dimensional governing differential equations and finite element formulation are summarized. A novel probabilistic design methodology for thermal protection systems has been developed. The design methodology is an eight step process beginning with a parameter sensitivity study and is followed by a deterministic analysis whereby an optimum design can determined. The design process concludes with a Monte Carlo simulation where the probabilities of exceeding design specifications are estimated. The design methodology is demonstrated by applying the methodology to the carbon phenolic compression pads of the Crew Exploration Vehicle. The maximum allowed values of bondline temperature and tensile stress are used as the design specifications in this study. Using the design methodology, the probability of exceeding these design specifications was shown to be low and within an acceptable range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
N1  - Accession Number: 89652691; Dec, John A. 1,2,3 Braun, Robert D. 4,5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Engineer, Structural and Thermal Systems Branch, MS 431  3: Member, AIAA  4: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0150  5: David and Andrew Lewis Associate Professor of Space Technology, Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering  6: Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p725; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: TENSILE strength; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32313
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89652691&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Agrawal, Parul
AU  - Chavez-Garcia, Jose F.
AU  - Pham, John
T1  - Fracture in Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 735
EP  - 741
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper describes the development of a novel technique to understand the failure mechanisms inside thermal protection materials. The focus of this research is on the class of materials known as phenolic impregnated carbon ablators. It has successfully flown on the Stardust spacecraft and is the thermal protection system material chosen for the Mars Science Laboratory and SpaceX Dragon spacecraft. Although it has good thermal properties, structurally, it is a weak material. To understand failure mechanisms in carbon ablators, fracture tests were performed on FiberForm® (precursor), virgin, and charred ablator materials. Several samples of these materials were tested to investigate failure mechanisms at a microstructural scale. Stress-strain data were obtained simultaneously to estimate the tensile strength and toughness. It was observed that cracks initiated and grew in the FiberForm when a critical stress limit was reached such that the carbon fibers separated from the binder. However, both for virgin and charred carbon ablators, crack initiation and growth occurred in the matrix (phenolic) phase. Both virgin and charred carbon ablators showed greater strength values compared with FiberForm samples, confirming that the presence of the porous matrix helps in absorbing the fracture energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - POROUS materials
N1  - Accession Number: 89652692; Agrawal, Parul 1,2 Chavez-Garcia, Jose F. 1 Pham, John 3; Affiliation:  1: ERC Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: University Space Research Associates, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p735; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32389
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89652692&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bopp, Matthew S.
AU  - Ruffin, Stephen M.
AU  - Braun, Robert D.
AU  - Clark, Ian G.
AU  - Theisinger, John E.
T1  - Multi-Fidelity Approach to Estimate Heating for Three-Dimensional Hypersonic Aeroshells.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 754
EP  - 762
SN  - 00224650
AB  - In the early stages of aeroshell shape design, it is important to strike an appropriate balance between analysis fidelity and computational effort. Because the prediction of aerodynamic heating for axisymmetric flows is significantly faster than for three-dimensional flows, it is advantageous to employ an axisymmetric analysis method. The current work couples an equivalent axisymmetric body technique with different axisymmetric analysis methods, using a series of axisymmetric bodies to approximate the three-dimensional heating. Three levels of fidelity are considered: 1) a Newtonian inviscid solution coupled with an axisymmetric integral boundary layer approach, 2) an Euler solution coupled with an axisymmetric integral boundary-layer approach, and 3) a Navier-Stokes solution applied to each equivalent axisymmetric body. Approximate solutions for three-dimensional flows were compared with high-fidelity computational and experimental data, establishing the accuracy for various levels of fidelity. The multi-fidelity analysis showed that significant decreases in computational times could be achieved, at the same time maintaining sufficient accuracy to perform shape optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 89652694; Bopp, Matthew S. 1,2,3 Ruffin, Stephen M. 1,4,5 Braun, Robert D. 1,6,7 Clark, Ian G. 1,8,9 Theisinger, John E. 9,10,11; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0150  2: Graduate Research Assistant, School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Drive  3: Student Member, AIAA  4: Associate Professor, School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Drive  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: David and Andrew Lewis Professor in Space Technology, School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Drive  7: Fellow, AIAA  8: Visiting Assistant Professor, School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Drive  9: Member, AIAA  10: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  11: Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p754; Subject Term: HYPERSONICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32211
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89652694&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johansen, C. T.
AU  - Danehy, P. M.
AU  - Ashcraft, S. W.
AU  - Bathel, B. F.
AU  - Inman, J. A.
AU  - Jones, S. B.
T1  - Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence of Mars Science Laboratory Reaction Control System Jets.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 781
EP  - 792
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Nitric-oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence was used to visualize the flow in the wake of a Mars Science Laboratory entry capsule with activated reaction control system jets in NASA Langley Research Center's 31 in. Mach 10 air tunnel facility. Images were processed using the virtual diagnostics interface method, which brings out the three-dimensional nature of the flow visualization data while showing the relative location of the data with respect to the model. Comparison of wind-on and wind-off results illustrates the effect that the hypersonic crossflow has on the trajectory and structure of individual reaction control system jets. The visualization and comparison of both single and multiple activated jets indicate low levels of jet-jet interaction. Quantitative streamwise velocity was also obtained via molecular tagging velocimetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - FLOW visualization
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 89652697; Johansen, C. T. 1,2,3 Danehy, P. M. 1,4,5 Ashcraft, S. W. 1,6,7 Bathel, B. F. 1,8,9 Inman, J. A. 1,4,10 Jones, S. B. 1,11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: National Institute of Aerospace Visitor in Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493  3: Professor, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada  4: Research Scientist, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: USRP Student, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493  7: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506  8: Graduate Student, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904  9: Student Member, AIAA  10: Member, AIAA  11: Technician, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p781; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: FLOW visualization; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32214
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89652697&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yunis, Isam
T1  - Standard Deviation of Launch Vehicle Vibration and Acoustic Environments.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 829
EP  - 837
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Statistical analyses are used for the development of the acoustic, vibration, and shock environments on launch vehicles. The standard deviation of these environments is critical for deriving accurate statistical extrema. However, often very little measured data exist in order to define the standard deviation. In many cases, the use of a typical standard deviation is better than the use of one derived from a few measurements. Extensive Space Shuttle Program and Expendable Launch Vehicle flight data are used in this paper to define a typical standard deviation for acoustics and random vibrations. The results suggest that, in the absence of sufficient data, 3 dB is a practical selection for the standard deviation of these environments. Further, the data are used to show that a standard deviation of 3 dB should be used for cases in which there are less than five data sets because there is not enough information to supersede the 3 dB estimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Piloting
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - ACOUSTIC vibrations
KW  - RANDOM vibration
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
N1  - Accession Number: 89652702; Yunis, Isam 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p829; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Piloting; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC vibrations; Subject Term: RANDOM vibration; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32375
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89652702&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaier, James R.
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Misconin, Robert M.
T1  - Studies of Simulated Lunar Dust on the Properties of Thermal-Control Surfaces.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 848
EP  - 852
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A study was carried out to examine several factors that can influence how dust can degrade thermal-control surfaces on the moon. The most important factor, besides how much dust covers the thermal-control surface, was the solar absorptance a and, to a lesser extent, the thermal emittance ε of the dust covering the surface. Full coverage of the lightest and darkest dust degraded the α/ε of the surface by a factor of about 1.5 and 5.8 respectively. Silver-backed fluoroethylene propylene exhibited the least amount of degradation by lightest-colored dust, and although its fractional degradation for the darkest-colored dust was the highest, the absolute value of the α/ε was still lower than that of white thermal-control paint (AZ93) or aluminized fluoroethylene propylene. Neither illumination angle nor particle size (for particles less than 50/µm) were found to degrade the α/ε of thermal-control surfaces in an important way. The degradation in α/ε by complete monolayer coverage was much less than would be predicted from a simple rule of mixtures. Development of effective mitigation strategies will be essential to avoid prohibitive mass penalties for thermal-control systems that must work in a dusty environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FLUOROETHYLENE
KW  - PROPENE
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - THERMAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 89652704; Gaier, James R. 1,2,3 Hicks, Michael C. 1,4 Misconin, Robert M. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Research Physicist, Space Environment and Experiments Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road  3: Member, AIAA  4: Research Aerospace Engineer, Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road  5: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  6: LERCIP Intern, 22800 Cedar Point Road; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p848; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FLUOROETHYLENE; Subject Term: PROPENE; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32135
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89652704&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osipov, Viatcheslav
AU  - Muratov, Cyrill
AU  - Hafiychuk, Halyna
AU  - Ponizovskaya-Devine, Ekaterina
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim
AU  - Mathias, Donovan
AU  - Lawrence, Scott
AU  - Werkheiser, Mary
T1  - Explosion Hazard from a Propellant-Tank Breach in Liquid Hydrogen-Oxygen Rockets.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/07//Jul/Aug2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 860
EP  - 871
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An engineering risk assessment of the conditions for massive explosions of cryogenic liquid hydrogen-oxygen rockets during launch accidents is presented. The assessment is based on the analysis of the data of purposeful rupture experiments with liquid oxygen and hydrogen tanks and on an interpretation of these data via analytical semiquantitative estimates and numerical simulations of simplified models for the whole range of the physical phenomena governing the outcome of a propellant-tank breach. The following sequence of events is reconstructed: rupture of fuel tanks, escape of the fluids from the ruptured tanks, liquid film boiling, fragmentation of liquid flow, formation of aerosol oxygen and hydrogen clouds, mixing of the clouds, droplet evaporation, self-ignition of the aerosol clouds, and aerosol combustion. The power of the explosion is determined by a small fraction of the escaped cryogens that become well mixed within the aerosol cloud during the delay time between rupture and ignition. Several scenarios of cavitation-induced self-ignition of the cryogenic hydrogen/oxygen mixture are discussed. The explosion parameters in a particular accident are expected to be highly varied and unpredictable due to randomness of the processes of formation, mixing, and ignition of oxygen and hydrogen clouds. Under certain conditions rocket accidents may result in very strong explosions with blast pressures from a few atm up to 100 atm. The most dangerous situations and the foreseeable risks for space missions are uncovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LIQUID oxygen
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - FILM boiling
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 89652706; Osipov, Viatcheslav 1,2 Muratov, Cyrill 1,3 Hafiychuk, Halyna 1,4 Ponizovskaya-Devine, Ekaterina 1,4 Smelyanskiy, Vadim 1,5 Mathias, Donovan 1,6 Lawrence, Scott 1,6 Werkheiser, Mary 1,7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Senior Research Scientist, MCT Inc., Applied Physics Group, Intelligent Systems Division  3: Associate Professor, Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102  4: Research Scientist, SGT, Inc., Applied Physics Group, Intelligent Systems Division  5: Principal Scientist, Exploration Technology Directorate, Applied Physics Group Lead, Intelligent Systems Division  6: Aerospace Engineer, Supercomputing Division, MS 258-1  7: Engineering Project Manager, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812; Source Info: Jul/Aug2013, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p860; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LIQUID oxygen; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: FILM boiling; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32277
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89652706&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kulesza, Zbigniew
AU  - Sawicki, Jerzy T
AU  - Gyekenyesi, Andrew L
T1  - Robust fault detection filter using linear matrix inequalities’ approach for shaft crack diagnosis.
JO  - Journal of Vibration & Control
JF  - Journal of Vibration & Control
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 19
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1421
EP  - 1440
SN  - 10775463
AB  - Detecting cracks in rotating shafts is a challenging problem when using vibration-based diagnostics. This is due to the fact that a localized crack has a minimal influence on the global vibration response of the system. To increase sensitivity and reliability, the vibration response needs to be coupled with additional sources of information such as a mathematical model of the machine. Modern control theory techniques offer system-level mathematical models for both control and diagnostics. Focusing on the latter, a new and promising approach involves the use of unknown input observers. Such observers can be designed to employ robust fault detection filters (RFDFs) for isolating fault signatures while reducing the influence of real-world disturbances and noise. For the present study, a modified design procedure coupled with robust fault detection is utilized for shaft crack detection. The filter is designed using the linear matrix inequalities (LMI) technique. The LMI approach is applied to obtain the solution of the mixed H−/H∞ optimization problem, which arises during the synthesis of the RFDF. By reformulating the LMI conditions, the proposed RFDF design procedure is simplified and thus requires less iteration steps to find the optimal solution. A new feature of the present approach involves the application of the rigid finite element method for the formulation of the mathematical model of the rotor and the shaft crack. The numerical and experimental results confirm the advantages of the designed robust fault detection filter and its ability to detect shaft cracks. The filter is minimally sensitive to measurement noise while allowing for the identification of shallow cracks (2% or 5% deep). The cracks are manifested through the observance of very subtle vibration response changes. The results also confirm the effectiveness and accuracy of the rigid finite element modeling concerning the cracked rotor. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Vibration & Control is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LINEAR matrix inequalities
KW  - KINETIC energy
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - EQUATIONS
KW  - STATICS
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
KW  - Cracked shaft
KW  - linear matrix inequality
KW  - robust fault detection filter
KW  - rotordynamics
KW  - unknown input observer
N1  - Accession Number: 87713536; Kulesza, Zbigniew 1 Sawicki, Jerzy T 2 Gyekenyesi, Andrew L 3; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland z.kulesza@pb.edu.pl  2: Center for Rotating Machinery Dynamics and Control (RoMaDyC), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  3: OAI/NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 19 Issue 9, p1421; Subject Term: LINEAR matrix inequalities; Subject Term: KINETIC energy; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: EQUATIONS; Subject Term: STATICS; Subject Term: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cracked shaft; Author-Supplied Keyword: linear matrix inequality; Author-Supplied Keyword: robust fault detection filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: rotordynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: unknown input observer; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1077546312447838
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87713536&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atli, K.C.
AU  - Franco, B.E.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Influence of crystallographic compatibility on residual strain of TiNi based shape memory alloys during thermo-mechanical cycling.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 574
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 16
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: The primary focus of this study was to determine the influence of the inherent microstructure, specifically the crystallographic compatibility between martensite and austenite during the transformation process, on residual strain and strain evolution during isobaric thermal cycling. A series of predominantly single-phase Ti-rich TiNi based shape memory alloys (SMAs), including binary Ti50.1Ni49.9, two ternary TiNiPd25 compositions with slightly different Ni contents, Ti50.5Ni28.5Pt21, and a quaternary Ti50Ni24.5Pd25Sc0.5 alloy, were thermally cycled nominally 100 times at different stress levels. In all cases, the amount of residual strain per cycle was found to decrease asymptotically with increasing number of cycles to some finite value that was related to the compatibility of the transforming phases as determined by the middle eigenvalue of the transformation stretch tensor. In addition, the amount of residual strain generated during the early thermal cycles was also dependent on the resistance of the SMAs against defect propagation, which can be controlled by initial dislocation density and grain size among other factors. In light of these findings, it was concluded that a dimensionally stable SMA actuator for multiple cycle operation should have compatible transforming phases to reduce the generation of defects and a high resistance against defect propagation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - Crystallographic compatibility
KW  - Dimensional stability
KW  - NiTi
KW  - NiTiPd
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Thermo-mechanical cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 89217101; Atli, K.C. 1 Franco, B.E. 1 Karaman, I. 1,2; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Gaydosh, D. 3,4 Noebe, R.D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 574, p9; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystallographic compatibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dimensional stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiPd; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermo-mechanical cycling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2013.02.035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89217101&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jolitz, Rebecca
AU  - McKay, Christopher
T1  - Quantitative 3D Model of Light Transmittance Through Translucent Rocks Applied to the Hypolithic Microbial Community.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 66
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 119
SN  - 00953628
AB  - In extreme desert environments, photosynthetic microorganisms often live on the buried undersides of translucent rocks. Computing the light level reaching these locations requires 3D modeling of a finite rock. We report on Monte Carlo calculations of skylight and sunlight transmission through a partially buried flat cylindrical rock using one billion photons per simulation. Transmitted light level drops inversely with increasing rock opacity, as expected for purely scattering media. For a half-buried rock with an extinction coefficient of 0.1 cm (opacity of 0.2), transmission at the bottom is 64 % for sunlight at a solar zenith angle of 60° and 82 % for skylight. Transmitted light level increases slowly with increasing scattering asymmetry factor of the rock independent of illumination or depth buried. Transmitted sunlight at zenith through a thick half-buried rock (opacity of 0.6) is six times brighter at the bottom than the subsurface sides. Skylight transmits equally to the subsurface sides and bottom. When the sun is not straight overhead, the sunward side of the rock is brighter than the underside of the rock. Compared to the sunlight transmitted to the bottom, transmitted sunlight inclined at 60° is 24 times brighter at the subsurface side towards the sun and 14 times brighter at the subsurface side 70° away from the sun. Transmitted sunlight emitted from zenith and skylight is uniformly bright at the bottom regardless of how deeply the rock is buried. Sunlight not at zenith transmits preferentially to the sunward bottom edge depending on the depth the rock is buried. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DESERTS
KW  - MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SKYLIGHTS
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - CLASSIFICATION
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 87969668; Jolitz, Rebecca 1; Email Address: rjolitz@berkeley.edu McKay, Christopher 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley 94720 USA  2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 66 Issue 1, p112; Subject Term: DESERTS; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS -- Population biology; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SKYLIGHTS; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: CLASSIFICATION; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL conditions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238160 Roofing Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-013-0242-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87969668&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shariff, Karim
AU  - Manning, Ted A.
T1  - A ray tracing study of shock leakage in a model supersonic jet.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 25
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 076103
EP  - 076103-20
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Recent work has described screech noise from a supersonic jet as being due to leakage of a wave that is otherwise trapped in the jet's interior. In that work, the simplest of many techniques used is ray tracing for a single shear-layer modeled as a row of Stuart vortices. In the present work, a lower row of vortices is added to form a plane jet. Instead of plotting ray paths, a technique of visualization analogous to streaklines is used that better corresponds to instantaneous density fields as observed, for instance, by the Schlieren method. This produces striking images that show leakage of waves at each internal reflection resulting in a row of acoustic sources as envisioned since the 1950s. However, the sources are not isotropic and each has a zone of silence in the downstream direction. Leakage creates a fold in the wave pattern internal to the jet which leads to fine scale features. Reported experiments have also observed fine scale features (described as splitting) in the shock-cell pattern; they may be related to those observed here. Internally reflected rays also undergo a diffusive process as they propagate down the jet. In particular, each successive internal reflection at an unsteady shear-layer scatters rays along a wider range of wave angle and makes them more susceptible to leakage at the next reflection. It also causes more downstream directivity for the more downstream sources. An important result is that as the Mach number Mj is varied, maxima in leakage rate and mean acoustic amplitude occur at (near) resonances between the Mach-wave and shear-layer periods. Maxima in sound pressure level versus Mj have also been reported for laboratory round jets. Finally, as the shear-layer thickness is increased, a minimum in the rate of leakage (correlated with a minimum in radiation amplitude) occurs due to the competing effects of increased shear-layer penetration versus reduced eddy passage frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAY tracing
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiators
N1  - Accession Number: 89470580; Shariff, Karim 1 Manning, Ted A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p076103; Subject Term: RAY tracing; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiators; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4813630
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89470580&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Churnside, James H.
AU  - McCarty, Brandi J.
AU  - Xiaomei Lu
T1  - Subsurface Ocean Signals from an Orbiting Polarization Lidar.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 5
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3457
EP  - 3475
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Detection of subsurface returns from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite were demonstrated. Despite the coarse range resolution of this aerosol lidar, evidence of subsurface scattering was observed as a delay and broadening of the cross-polarized signal relative to the co-polarized signal in the three near-surface range bins. These two effects contributed to an increased depolarization at the nominal depth of 25 m. These features were all correlated with near-surface chlorophyll concentrations. An increase in the depolarization was also seen at a depth of 50 m under certain conditions, suggesting that chlorophyll concentration at that depth could be estimated if an appropriate retrieval technique can be developed. At greater depths, the signal is dominated by the temporal response of the detectors, which was approximated by an analytical expression. The depolarization caused by aerosols in the atmosphere was calculated and eliminated as a possible artifact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL radar
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC pigments
KW  - AEROSOL sampling
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - CALIOP
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - chlorophyll
KW  - lidar
KW  - ocean color
KW  - ocean lidar
KW  - phytoplankton
KW  - polarization
N1  - Accession Number: 89444086; Churnside, James H. 1; Email Address: james.h.churnside@noaa.gov McCarty, Brandi J. 2; Email Address: brandi.mccarty@noaa.gov Xiaomei Lu 3; Email Address: xiaomei.lu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  3: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 5 Issue 7, p3457; Subject Term: OPTICAL radar; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC pigments; Subject Term: AEROSOL sampling; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIOP; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: ocean color; Author-Supplied Keyword: ocean lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: phytoplankton; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 7 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5073457
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goodloe, Alwyn E.
AU  - Muñoz, César A.
T1  - Compositional verification of a communication protocol for a remotely operated aircraft.
JO  - Science of Computer Programming
JF  - Science of Computer Programming
Y1  - 2013/07//
VL  - 78
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 813
EP  - 827
SN  - 01676423
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents the formal specification and verification of a communication protocol between a ground station and a remotely operated aircraft. The protocol can be seen as the vertical composition of protocol layers, where each layer performs input and output message processing, and the horizontal composition of different processes concurrently inhabiting the same layer, where each process should satisfy a distinct delivery requirement. A compositional technique is used to formally prove that the protocol satisfies these requirements. Although the protocol itself is not novel, the methodology employed in its verification extends existing techniques by automating the tedious and usually cumbersome part of the proof, thereby making the iterative design process of protocols feasible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Science of Computer Programming is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software -- Verification
KW  - COMPUTER network protocols
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - COMMUNICATION
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - PROOF theory
KW  - Compositional reasoning
KW  - Interactive theorem proving
KW  - Protocol verification
N1  - Accession Number: 89089600; Goodloe, Alwyn E. 1; Email Address: a.goodloe@nasa.gov Muñoz, César A. 1; Email Address: Cesar.A.Munoz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 78 Issue 7, p813; Subject Term: COMPUTER software -- Verification; Subject Term: COMPUTER network protocols; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: COMMUNICATION; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: PROOF theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compositional reasoning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interactive theorem proving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protocol verification; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scico.2011.10.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Which solar system ice worlds have oceans?
JO  - Sky & Telescope
JF  - Sky & Telescope
Y1  - 2013/07/02/60 Greatest Mysteries
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
EP  - 27
SN  - 00376604
AB  - The article focuses on solar system ice worlds that have oceans. Data obtained by the Galileo orbiter of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) suggest that Europa, a moon of Jupiter, holds a salty liquid layer beneath the ice. The Galileo orbiter has also identified electrically conducting liquid-water layers beneath the ice layers of the moons, Ganymede and Callisto. Other satellites believed to have subsurface oceans include Titan, Enceladus and Triton.
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - OCEAN
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
KW  - GANYMEDE (Satellite)
KW  - CALLISTO (Satellite)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - GALILEO (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 88361381; Moore, Jeffrey M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Ames Research Center; Source Info: 60 Greatest Mysteries, p26; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: OCEAN; Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Subject Term: GANYMEDE (Satellite); Subject Term: CALLISTO (Satellite); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: GALILEO (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meibom, Søren
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Latham, David W.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Bryson, Steven T.
AU  - Rogers, Leslie A.
AU  - Henze, Christopher E.
AU  - Janes, Kenneth
AU  - Barnes, Sydney A.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Fischer, Debra A.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Horch, Elliott P.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Schuler, Simon C.
AU  - Crepp, Justin
T1  - The same frequency of planets inside and outside open clusters of stars.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2013/07/04/
VL  - 499
IS  - 7456
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 58
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Most stars and their planets form in open clusters. Over 95 per cent of such clusters have stellar densities too low (less than a hundred stars per cubic parsec) to withstand internal and external dynamical stresses and fall apart within a few hundred million years. Older open clusters have survived by virtue of being richer and denser in stars (1,000 to 10,000 per cubic parsec) when they formed. Such clusters represent a stellar environment very different from the birthplace of the Sun and other planet-hosting field stars. So far more than 800 planets have been found around Sun-like stars in the field. The field planets are usually the size of Neptune or smaller. In contrast, only four planets have been found orbiting stars in open clusters, all with masses similar to or greater than that of Jupiter. Here we report observations of the transits of two Sun-like stars by planets smaller than Neptune in the billion-year-old open cluster NGC6811. This demonstrates that small planets can form and survive in a dense cluster environment, and implies that the frequency and properties of planets in open clusters are consistent with those of planets around field stars in the Galaxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - STARS -- Density
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - NEPTUNE (Planet)
KW  - GALAXIES
N1  - Accession Number: 88899567; Meibom, Søren 1 Torres, Guillermo 1 Fressin, Francois 1 Latham, David W. 1 Rowe, Jason F. 2 Ciardi, David R. 3 Bryson, Steven T. 2 Rogers, Leslie A. 4 Henze, Christopher E. 2 Janes, Kenneth 5 Barnes, Sydney A. 6 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 7 Isaacson, Howard 7 Fischer, Debra A. 8 Howell, Steve B. 2 Horch, Elliott P. 9 Jenkins, Jon M. 10 Schuler, Simon C. 11 Crepp, Justin 12; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  4: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA  5: Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA  6: 1] Leibniz-Institute for Astrophysics, Potsdam 14467, Germany [2] Space Science Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA  7: University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA  8: Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA  9: Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515, USA  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  11: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA  12: University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA; Source Info: 7/4/2013, Vol. 499 Issue 7456, p55; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: STARS -- Density; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: NEPTUNE (Planet); Subject Term: GALAXIES; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature12279
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=88899567&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - EVERETT, MARK E.
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - SILVA, DAVID R.
AU  - SZKODY, PAULA
T1  - SPECTROSCOPY OF FAINT KEPLER MISSION EXOPLANET CANDIDATE HOST STARS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/07/10/
VL  - 771
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Stellar properties are measured for a large set of Kepler mission exoplanet candidate host stars. Most of these stars are fainter than 14th magnitude, in contrast to other spectroscopic follow-up studies. This sample includes many high-priority Earth-sized candidate planets. A set of model spectra are fitted to R ~ 3000 optical spectra of 268 stars to improve estimates of Teff, log(g), and [Fe/H] for the dwarfs in the range 4750 ⩽ Teff ⩽ 7200 K. These stellar properties are used to find new stellar radii and, in turn, new radius estimates for the candidate planets. The result of improved stellar characteristics is a more accurate representation of this Kepler exoplanet sample and identification of promising candidates for more detailed study. This stellar sample, particularly among stars with Teff ≳ 5200 K, includes a greater number of relatively evolved stars with larger radii than assumed by the mission on the basis of multi-color broadband photometry. About 26% of the modeled stars require radii to be revised upward by a factor of 1.35 or greater, and modeling of 87% of the stars suggest some increase in radius. The sample presented here also exhibits a change in the incidence of planets larger than 3-4R⊕ as a function of metallicity. Once [Fe/H] increases to ⩾ -0.05, large planets suddenly appear in the sample while smaller planets are found orbiting stars with a wider range of metallicity. The modeled stellar spectra, as well as an additional 84 stars of mostly lower effective temperatures, are made available to the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STARS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - surveys
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90114040; EVERETT, MARK E. 1 HOWELL, STEVE B. 2 SILVA, DAVID R. 1 SZKODY, PAULA 3; Affiliation:  1: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Source Info: 7/10/2013, Vol. 771 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/771/2/107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Collier, Michael R.
AU  - Farrell, William M.
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
T1  - The lunar dust pendulum.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/07/15/
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 261
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: An analytic model for the motion of a positively charged lunar dust grain in the presence of a shadowed crater at a negative potential in vacuum is presented. It is shown that the dust grain executes oscillatory trajectories, and an expression is derived for the period of oscillation. Simulations used to verify the analytic expression also show that because the trajectories are unstable, dust grains are either ejected from the crater’s vicinity or deposited into the crater forming “dust ponds.” The model also applies to other airless bodies in the solar system, such as asteroids, and predicts that under certain conditions, particularly near lunar sunset, oscillating dust “canopies” or “swarms” will form over negatively charged craters. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - SPHERICAL pendulums
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Electrostatic transport
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Lunar surface potential
N1  - Accession Number: 89114231; Collier, Michael R. 1,2; Email Address: michael.r.collier@nasa.gov Farrell, William M. 1,2; Email Address: william.m.farrell@nasa.gov Stubbs, Timothy J. 1,2,3; Email Address: timothy.j.stubbs@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 695, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: NASA’s Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p251; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: SPHERICAL pendulums; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar surface potential; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.09.044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89114231&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
AU  - Kring, David A.
AU  - Hopkins, Joshua B.
AU  - Norris, Scott
AU  - Lazio, T. Joseph W.
AU  - Kasper, Justin
T1  - A lunar L2-Farside exploration and science mission concept with the Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle and a teleoperated lander/rover.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2013/07/15/
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
EP  - 320
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: A novel concept is presented in this paper for a human mission to the lunar L2 (Lagrange) point that would be a proving ground for future exploration missions to deep space while also overseeing scientifically important investigations. In an L2 halo orbit above the lunar farside, the astronauts aboard the Orion Crew Vehicle would travel 15% farther from Earth than did the Apollo astronauts and spend almost three times longer in deep space. Such a mission would serve as a first step beyond low Earth orbit and prove out operational spaceflight capabilities such as life support, communication, high speed re-entry, and radiation protection prior to more difficult human exploration missions. On this proposed mission, the crew would teleoperate landers/rovers on the unexplored lunar farside, which would obtain samples from the geologically interesting farside and deploy a low radio frequency telescope. Sampling the South Pole-Aitken basin, one of the oldest impact basins in the solar system, is a key science objective of the 2011 Planetary Science Decadal Survey. Observations at low radio frequencies to track the effects of the Universe’s first stars/galaxies on the intergalactic medium are a priority of the 2010 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. Such telerobotic oversight would also demonstrate capability for human and robotic cooperation on future, more complex deep space missions such as exploring Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - TELEROBOTICS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - MOON
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - Human cis-lunar missions
KW  - Moon
KW  - Radio astronomy
KW  - Space vehicles: instruments
KW  - Surfaces (Planets and satellites: formation)
KW  - Telerobotics
KW  - APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 89114235; Burns, Jack O. 1,2; Email Address: jack.burns@colorado.edu Kring, David A. 2,3 Hopkins, Joshua B. 4 Norris, Scott 4 Lazio, T. Joseph W. 2,5 Kasper, Justin 2,6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, 593 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94089, USA  3: Center for Lunar Science and Exploration, USRA Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, P.O. Box 179, CO/TSB, M/S B3004, Denver, CO 80127, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, MS 138-308, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Perkins 138, MS 58, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p306; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: TELEROBOTICS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human cis-lunar missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles: instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces (Planets and satellites: formation); Author-Supplied Keyword: Telerobotics; Company/Entity: APOLLO 11 (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Errico, Ronald M.
AU  - Yang, Runhua
AU  - Privé, Nikki C.
AU  - Tai, King-Sheng
AU  - Todling, Ricardo
AU  - Sienkiewicz, Meta E.
AU  - Guo, Jing
T1  - Development and validation of observing-system simulation experiments at NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office.
JO  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
JF  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/07/15/
VL  - 139
IS  - 674
M3  - Article
SP  - 1162
EP  - 1178
SN  - 00359009
AB  - Initial design and validation of baseline Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) at NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) are described. The OSSEs mimic the procedures used to analyze global observations for specifying states of the atmosphere. As simulations, however, OSSEs are not only confined to already existing observations and they provide a perfect description of the true state being analyzed. These two properties of the simulations can be exploited to improve both existing and envisioned observing systems and the algorithms to analyze them. Preliminary to any applications, however, the OSSE framework must be adequately validated. This first version of the simulated observations is drawn from a 13 month simulation of nature produced by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. These observations include simulated errors of both instruments and representativeness. Since the statistics of analysis and forecast errors are partially determined by these observational errors, their appropriate modelling can be crucial for validating the realism of the OSSE. That validation is performed by comparing the statistics of the results of assimilating these simulated observations for one summer month compared with the corresponding statistics obtained from assimilating real observations during the same time of year. The assimilation system is the three-dimensional variational analysis (GSI) scheme used at both the National Centers for Environmental Prediction and GMAO. Here, only statistics concerning observation innovations or analysis increments within the troposphere are considered for the validation. In terms of the examined statistics, the OSSE is validated remarkably well, even with some simplifications currently employed. In order to obtain this degree of success, it was necessary to employ horizontally correlated observation errors for both atmospheric motion vectors and some satellite observed radiances. The simulated observations with added observation errors appear suitable for some initial OSSE applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - atmospheric observations
KW  - data assimilation
KW  - OSSE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 89241027; Errico, Ronald M. 1,2 Yang, Runhua 3 Privé, Nikki C. 1,2 Tai, King-Sheng 4 Todling, Ricardo 2 Sienkiewicz, Meta E. 4 Guo, Jing 4; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research Center, Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA  2: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: IM Systems Group, Inc., Rockville, MD, USA  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 139 Issue 674, p1162; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: data assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: OSSE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qj.2027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zamanian-Daryoush, Maryam
AU  - Lindner, Daniel
AU  - Tallant, Thomas C.
AU  - Zeneng Wang
AU  - Buffa, Jennifer
AU  - Klipfell, Elizabeth
AU  - Parker, Yvonne
AU  - Hatala, Denise
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia
AU  - Rayman, Pat
AU  - Yusufishaq, Mohamed Sharif S.
AU  - Fisher, Edward A.
AU  - Smith, Jonathan D.
AU  - Finke, Jim
AU  - DiDonato, Joseph A.
AU  - Hazen, Stanley L.
T1  - The Cardioprotective Protein Apolipoprotein A1 Promotes Potent Anti-tumorigenic Effects.
JO  - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Biological Chemistry
Y1  - 2013/07/19/
VL  - 288
IS  - 29
M3  - Article
SP  - 21237
EP  - 21252
SN  - 00219258
AB  - Here, we show that apolipoprotein A1(apoA1), the major protein component of high density lipoprotein (HDL), through both innate and adaptive immune processes, potently suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in multiple animal tumor models, including the aggressive B16F10L murine malignant melanoma model. Mice expressing the human apoA1 transgene (A1Tg) exhibited increased infiltration of CD11b+ F4/80+ macrophages with M1, anti-tumor phenotype, reduced tumor burden and metastasis, and enhanced survival. In contrast, apoA1-deficient (A1KO) mice showed markedly heightened tumor growth and reduced survival. Injection of human apoA1 into A1KO mice inoculated with tumor cells remarkably reduced both tumor growth and metastasis, enhanced survival, and promoted regression of both tumor and metastasis burden when administered following palpable tumor formation and metastasis development. Studies with apolipoprotein A2 revealed the anti-cancer therapeutic effect was specific to apoA1. In vitro studies ruled out substantial direct suppressive effects by apoA1 or HDL on tumor cells. Animal models defective in different aspects of immunity revealed both innate and adaptive arms of immunity contribute to complete apoA1 antitumor activity. This study reveals a potent immunomodulatory role for apoA1 in the tumor microenvironment, altering tumorassociated macrophages from a pro-tumor M2 to an anti-tumor M1 phenotype. Use of apoA1 to redirect in vivo elicited tumorinfiltrating macrophages toward tumor rejection may hold benefit as a potential cancer therapeutic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biological Chemistry is the property of American Society for Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - APOLIPOPROTEINS
KW  - IMMUNE response
KW  - METASTASIS
KW  - TUMORS -- Growth
KW  - NEOPLASTIC cell transformation
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
N1  - Accession Number: 89568092; Zamanian-Daryoush, Maryam 1,2 Lindner, Daniel 3 Tallant, Thomas C. 1,2 Zeneng Wang 1,2 Buffa, Jennifer 1,2 Klipfell, Elizabeth 1,2 Parker, Yvonne 3 Hatala, Denise 4 Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia 5 Rayman, Pat 6 Yusufishaq, Mohamed Sharif S. 1 Fisher, Edward A. 7 Smith, Jonathan D. 1,8 Finke, Jim 6 DiDonato, Joseph A. 1,2 Hazen, Stanley L. 1,2,8; Email Address: hazens@ccf.org; Affiliation:  1: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195  2: Center for Cardiovascular Diagnostics and Prevention, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195  3: Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195  4: Department of Imaging Core, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195  5: John H. Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  6: Department of Immunology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195  7: Department of Cell Biology and the Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016  8: Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195; Source Info: 7/19/2013, Vol. 288 Issue 29, p21237; Subject Term: APOLIPOPROTEINS; Subject Term: IMMUNE response; Subject Term: METASTASIS; Subject Term: TUMORS -- Growth; Subject Term: NEOPLASTIC cell transformation; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1074/jbc.M113.468967
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - FORTENBERRY, RYAN C.
AU  - XINCHUAN HUANG
AU  - CRAWFORD, T. DANIEL
AU  - LEE, TIMOTHY J.
T1  - HIGH-ACCURACY QUARTIC FORCE FIELD CALCULATIONS FOR THE SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS AND VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES OF 11A' l-C3H-: A POSSIBLE LINK TO LINES OBSERVED IN THE HORSEHEAD NEBULA PHOTODISSOCIATION REGION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/07/20/
VL  - 772
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - It has been shown that rotational lines observed in the Horsehead nebula photodissociation region (PDR) are probably not caused by l-C3H+, as was originally suggested. In the search for viable alternative candidate carriers, quartic force fields are employed here to provide highly accurate rotational constants, as well as fundamental vibrational frequencies, for another candidate carrier: 1 1 A' C3H-. The ab initio computed spectroscopic constants provided in this work are, compared to those necessary to define the observed lines, as accurate as the computed spectroscopic constants for many of the known interstellar anions. Additionally, the computed Deff for C3H- is three times closer to the D deduced from the observed Horsehead nebula lines relative to l-C3H+. As a result, 1 1 A' C3H- is a more viable candidate for these observed rotational transitions. It has been previously proposed that at least C6H- may be present in the Horsehead nebular PDR formed by way of radiative attachment through its dipole-bound excited state. C3H- could form in a similar way through its dipole-bound state, but its valence excited state increases the number of relaxation pathways possible to reach the ground electronic state. In turn, the rate of formation for C3H- could be greater than the rate of its destruction. C3H- would be the seventh confirmed interstellar anion detected within the past decade and the first CnH- molecular anion with an odd n. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - SPECTROSCOPIC imaging
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - HORSEHEAD Nebula
KW  - PHYSICAL constants
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - ISM: individual objects (Horsehead nebula)
KW  - ISM: lines and bands
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - molecular data
KW  - radio lines: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 90152457; FORTENBERRY, RYAN C. 1 XINCHUAN HUANG 2 CRAWFORD, T. DANIEL 3 LEE, TIMOTHY J. 1; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Source Info: 7/20/2013, Vol. 772 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPIC imaging; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: HORSEHEAD Nebula; Subject Term: PHYSICAL constants; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects (Horsehead nebula); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: lines and bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular data; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio lines: ISM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/772/1/39
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RIGLIACO, E.
AU  - PASCUCCI, I.
AU  - GORTI, U.
AU  - EDWARDS, S.
AU  - HOLLENBACH, D.
T1  - UNDERSTANDING THE ORIGIN OF THE [O I] LOW-VELOCITY COMPONENT FROM T TAURI STARS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/07/20/
VL  - 772
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The formation time, masses, and location of planets are strongly impacted by the physical mechanisms that disperse protoplanetary disks and the timescale over which protoplanetary material is cleared out. Accretion of matter onto the central star, protostellar winds/jets, magnetic disk winds, and photoevaporative winds operate concurrently. Hence, disentangling their relative contribution to disk dispersal requires identifying diagnostics that trace different star-disk environments. Here, we analyze the low-velocity component (LVC) of the oxygen optical forbidden lines, which is found to be blueshifted by a few km s-1 with respect to the stellar velocity. We find that the [OI] LVC profiles are different from those of [Ne II] at 12.81μm and CO at 4.7μm lines pointing to different origins for these gas lines. We report a correlation between the luminosity of the [OI] LVC and the accretion luminosity Lacc. We do not find any correlation with the X-ray luminosity, while we find that the higher is the stellar far-UV (FUV) luminosity, the higher is the luminosity of the [OI] LVC. In addition, we show that the [OI] λ6300/λ5577 ratio is low (ranging between 1 and 8). These findings favor an origin of the [O I] LVC in a region where OH is photodissociated by stellar FUV photons and argue against thermal emission from an X-ray-heated layer. Detailed modeling of two spectra with the highest S/N and resolution shows that there are two components within the LVC: a broad, centrally peaked component that can be attributed to gas arising in a warm disk surface in Keplerian rotation (with FWHM between ~40 and ~60 km s-1), and a narrow component (with FWHM ~ 10 km s-1 and small blueshifts of ~2 km s-1) that may arise in a cool (≲1000 K) molecular wind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - VELOCITY
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - accretion, accretion disks
KW  - protoplanetary disks
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
KW  - ultraviolet: stars
N1  - Accession Number: 90152481; RIGLIACO, E. 1; Email Address: rigliaco@lpl.arizona.edu PASCUCCI, I. 1 GORTI, U. 2,3 EDWARDS, S. 4 HOLLENBACH, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Feld, CA, USA  4: Astronomy Department, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA; Source Info: 7/20/2013, Vol. 772 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet: stars; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/772/1/60
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - VIERO, M. P.
AU  - WANG, L.
AU  - ZEMCOV, M.
AU  - ADDISON, G.
AU  - AMBLARD, A.
AU  - ARUMUGAM, V.
AU  - AUSSEL, H.
AU  - BÉTHERMIN, M.
AU  - BOCK, J.
AU  - BOSELLI, A.
AU  - BUAT, V.
AU  - BURGARELLA, D.
AU  - CASEY, C. M.
AU  - CLEMENTS, D. L.
AU  - CONLEY, A.
AU  - CONVERSI, L.
AU  - COORAY, A.
AU  - ZOTTI, G. DE
AU  - DOWELL, C. D.
AU  - FARRAH, D.
T1  - HerMES: COSMIC INFRARED BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES AND THE CLUSTERING OF DUSTY STAR-FORMING GALAXIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/07/20/
VL  - 772
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 27
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present measurements of the auto- and cross-frequency power spectra of the cosmic infrared background (CIB) at 250, 350, and 500μm (1200, 860, and 600 GHz) from observations totaling ~70 deg² made with the SPIRE instrument aboard the Herschel Space Observatory. We measure a fractional anisotropy δI/I = 14%±4%, detecting signatures arising from the clustering of dusty star-forming galaxies in both the linear (2-halo) and nonlinear (1-halo) regimes; and that the transition from the 2- to 1-halo terms, below which power originates predominantly from multiple galaxies within dark matter halos, occurs at kθ ~ 0.10-0.12 arcmin-1 (⨏ ~ 2160-2380), from 250 to 500μm. New to this paper is clear evidence of a dependence of the Poisson and 1-halo power on the flux-cut level of masked sources-suggesting that some fraction of the more luminous sources occupy more massive halos as satellites, or are possibly close pairs. We measure the cross-correlation power spectra between bands, finding that bands which are farthest apart are the least correlated, as well as hints of a reduction in the correlation between bands when resolved sources are more aggressively masked. In the second part of the paper, we attempt to interpret the measurements in the framework of the halo model. With the aim of fitting simultaneously with one model the power spectra, number counts, and absolute CIB level in all bands, we find that this is achievable by invoking a luminosity-mass relationship, such that the luminosity-to-mass ratio peaks at a particular halo mass scale and declines toward lower and higher mass halos. Our best-fit model finds that the halo mass which is most efficient at hosting star formation in the redshift range of peak star-forming activity, z ~ 1-3, is log(Mpeak/M☉) ~ 12.1±0.5, and that the minimum halo mass to host infrared galaxies is log(Mmin/M☉) ~ 10.1 ± 0.6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - CLUSTERING of particles
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - STARS
KW  - galaxies: formation
KW  - galaxies: halos
KW  - large-scale structure of universe
N1  - Accession Number: 90152499; VIERO, M. P. 1; Email Address: marco.viero@caltech.edu WANG, L. 2,3 ZEMCOV, M. 1,4 ADDISON, G. 5 AMBLARD, A. 6 ARUMUGAM, V. 7 AUSSEL, H. 8 BÉTHERMIN, M. 8,9 BOCK, J. 1,4 BOSELLI, A. 10 BUAT, V. 10 BURGARELLA, D. 10 CASEY, C. M. 11 CLEMENTS, D. L. 12 CONLEY, A. 13 CONVERSI, L. 14 COORAY, A. 1,15 ZOTTI, G. DE 16 DOWELL, C. D. 1,4 FARRAH, D. 3,17; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK  3: Astronomy Centre, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Department of Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  6: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  8: Laboratoire AIM-Paris-Saclay, CEA/DSM/Irfu - CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, CE-Saclay, pt courrier 131, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  9: Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS), bâtiment 121, Université Paris-Sud 11 and CNRS (UMR 8617), F-91405 Orsay, France  10: Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille - LAM, Université d'Aix-Marseille & CNRS, UMR7326, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, F-13388 Marseille Cedex 13, France  11: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  12: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK  13: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy 389-UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  14: Herschel Science Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre, Villanueva de la Cañada, E-28691 Madrid, Spain  15: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  16: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy  17: Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Source Info: 7/20/2013, Vol. 772 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: CLUSTERING of particles; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: STARS; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: halos; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale structure of universe; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/772/1/77
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90152499&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Apple, T.M.
AU  - Cantrell, J.H.
AU  - Amaro, C.M.
AU  - Mayer, C.R.
AU  - Yost, W.T.
AU  - Agnew, S.R.
AU  - Howe, J.M.
T1  - Acoustic harmonic generation from fatigue-generated dislocation substructures in copper single crystals.
JO  - Philosophical Magazine
JF  - Philosophical Magazine
Y1  - 2013/07/21/
VL  - 93
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 2802
EP  - 2825
SN  - 14786435
AB  - Dislocations generated during cyclic loading of metals self-organize into substructures that produce substantial changes in the nonlinear response. The nonlinearity is quantified by the material nonlinearity parameterextracted from acoustic harmonic generation measurements. Measurements ofon copper single crystals oriented for single-slip ([1 2 3] loading axis) and fatigued in plastic strain control are compared to calculations ofobtained from the Cantrell model for which measured values of model parameters associated with the substructures are required. Transmission electron microscopy measurements of the volume fractions of veins and persistent slip bands, dislocation loop lengths, dipole heights and the densities of primary and secondary dislocations in the fatigue-generated substructures are obtained for input into the model calculations. The model predictions agree with the values observed experimentally. In particular, the experimental data show an increase inproportional towhereis the cumulative plastic strain andmis 0.7 and 0.4, respectively, for acoustic wave propagation along theandcrystal axes. Such dependence is consistent with the Cantrell model and at variance with models, based on assumed variations in the third-order elastic constants, which predict an exponential dependence on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Magazine is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in crystals
KW  - COPPER crystals
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - ELASTIC constants
KW  - deformation
KW  - dislocation dynamics
KW  - dislocation structures
KW  - fatigue
KW  - materials characterisation
KW  - mechanical property evaluation
KW  - transmission electron microscopy
KW  - ultrasonics
N1  - Accession Number: 89100840; Apple, T.M. 1 Cantrell, J.H. 2; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov Amaro, C.M. 1 Mayer, C.R. 1 Yost, W.T. 2 Agnew, S.R. 1 Howe, J.M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA  2: Research Division, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 93 Issue 21, p2802; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in crystals; Subject Term: COPPER crystals; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: ELASTIC constants; Author-Supplied Keyword: deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dislocation dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: dislocation structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: materials characterisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanical property evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: transmission electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultrasonics; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14786435.2013.789144
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palumbo, Dan
T1  - The variance of convection velocity in the turbulent boundary layer and its effect on coherence length
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2013/07/22/
VL  - 332
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 3692
EP  - 3705
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: The Efimtsov model of coherence length and the Corcos cross spectrum model are commonly used to define the power spectra of the turbulent boundary layer near the wall. The models are useful for defining the pressure fields acting on structures such as aircraft fuselage and ship hulls as they move through fluid. In an effort to establish the validity of the models, the spectral definitions were used to synthesize time series data whose properties could then be compared to the actual data from which the model parameters were derived. Analysis of the synthesized time data indicated that the data contained coherence lengths longer than those specified in the models. The longer coherence lengths are shown to be related to the assumption of constant convection velocity that is fundamental to the Corcos model. A time domain technique is introduced by which the instantaneous convection velocity can be measured. Using this technique, statistics on the convection velocity for wall pressure data acquired during flight tests are shown to be normally distributed. Time data produced using a normally distributed convection velocity contains the specified coherence length, confirming that the assumption of constant convection velocity in the Corcos model was the source of the error. The coherence decay caused by convection velocity variance is shown to be Gaussian. A model is derived which divides the coherence decay into an exponential structural decay term and a Gaussian phase decay term. This is shown to be a good model for the coherence decay, except for frequencies around the peak in the power spectrum. The structural decay term is further divided into exponential and rectangular terms to represent inner layer and outer layer processes, respectively. The partitioned model is shown to correctly describe the coherence decay for the entire frequency band and provides a measure of the allocation of power between the inner and outer layer processes. It is concluded that the variance in the convection velocity has a significant effect on the decay of coherent power in the wall pressure of the turbulent boundary layer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - COHERENCE (Optics)
KW  - COHERENCE length
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement
KW  - MEASUREMENT errors
N1  - Accession Number: 87398955; Palumbo, Dan 1; Email Address: d.l.palumbo@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 463 Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 332 Issue 15, p3692; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: COHERENCE (Optics); Subject Term: COHERENCE length; Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT errors; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2013.02.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=87398955&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pendo, Luke
AU  - Handberg, E. M.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V. N.
AU  - Petukhov, A. G.
T1  - Large Stark effect for Li donor spins in Si.
JO  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
JF  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
Y1  - 2013/07/22/
VL  - 88
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 045307-1
EP  - 045307-19
SN  - 10980121
AB  - We study the effect of a static electric field on lithium donor spins in silicon. The anisotropy of the effective mass leads to the anisotropy of the quadratic Stark susceptibility, which we determined using the Dalgarno-Lewis exact summation method. The theory is asymptotically exact in the field domain below Li-donor ionization threshold, relevant to the Stark-tuning electron spin resonance experiments. To obtain the generalized Stark susceptibilities at arbitrary fields, we propose a new variational wave function, which reproduces the exact results in the low-field limit. With the calculated susceptibilities at hand, we are able to predict and analyze several important physical effects. First, we observe that the energy level shifts due to the quadratic Stark effect for Li donors in Si are equivalent to, and can be mapped onto, those produced by an external stress. Second, we demonstrate that the Stark effect anisotropy, combined with the unique valley-orbit splitting of a Li donor in Si, spin-orbit interaction, and specially tuned external stress may lead to a very strong modulation of the donor spin g factor by the electric field. Third, we investigate the influence of random strains on the g factor shifts and quantify the random strain limits and requirements to Si material purity necessary to observe the g-factor Stark shifts experimentally. Finally, we discuss possible implications of our results for quantum information processing with Li spin qubits in Si. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARK effect
KW  - ATOMS in external electric fields
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC theory
KW  - SILICON -- Electric properties
KW  - ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance
N1  - Accession Number: 90027062; Pendo, Luke 1 Handberg, E. M. 1 Smelyanskiy, V. N. 2 Petukhov, A. G. 1; Email Address: andre.petukhov@sdsmt.edu; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffert Field, California 94043, USA; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 88 Issue 4, p045307-1; Subject Term: STARK effect; Subject Term: ATOMS in external electric fields; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC theory; Subject Term: SILICON -- Electric properties; Subject Term: ELECTRON paramagnetic resonance; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevB.88.045307
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Novotny, Sara C.
AU  - Perusek, Gail P.
AU  - Rice, Andrea J.
AU  - Comstock, Bryan A.
AU  - Bansal, Aasthaa
AU  - Cavanagh, Peter R.
T1  - A harness for enhanced comfort and loading during treadmill exercise in space.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 89
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 214
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Introduction: Locomotor and some resistance exercises in space require a gravity replacement force in order to allow 1g-like ground reaction forces to be generated. Currently bungee cords, or other loading devices, interface with the crew member through a harness with a waist belt and shoulder straps. Crew members often find the application of the required loads to be uncomfortable, particularly at the hips. Methods: An experimental harness was built that differed from previous in-flight designs by having a wider, moldable waist belt and contoured shoulder straps with additional padding. Eight subjects ran at 100% body weight (BW) loading for a total duration of 30min per day on 12 days over a 3-week period in simulated 0-g conditions using horizontal suspension. A 100mm Visual Analog Scale (VAS) 1 [1] VAS-Visual Analog Scale. was used to assess harness-related and lower extremity discomfort at the end of each run. Results: The overall rating of harness discomfort decreased from 27mm on the 100mm scale on day 1 to 10mm on day 12, with significant decreases recorded for the back and hip regions as well as the overall harness. Discussion: The experimental harness allows for repeated exposure to 30-minute bouts of 100% BW loaded simulated 0-g running with levels of discomfort less than 30mm on a VAS scale of 0–100mm. We believe that the use of such a harness during on-orbit exercise countermeasures may allow exercise to be performed at levels which are more effective in preventing bone and muscle loss. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TREADMILL exercise
KW  - HARNESSES
KW  - LOCOMOTION
KW  - ISOMETRIC exercise
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - GROUND reaction forces (Biomechanics)
KW  - Bone loss
KW  - Comfort
KW  - Countermeasure
KW  - Running
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - Treadmill
N1  - Accession Number: 89278426; Novotny, Sara C. 1 Perusek, Gail P. 2 Rice, Andrea J. 1 Comstock, Bryan A. 3 Bansal, Aasthaa 3 Cavanagh, Peter R. 1; Email Address: cavanagh@u.washington.edu; Affiliation:  1: The Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: The Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, F-600, Health Sciences Building, 1705 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 89, p205; Subject Term: TREADMILL exercise; Subject Term: HARNESSES; Subject Term: LOCOMOTION; Subject Term: ISOMETRIC exercise; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: GROUND reaction forces (Biomechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comfort; Author-Supplied Keyword: Countermeasure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Running; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Treadmill; NAICS/Industry Codes: 316990 Other leather and allied product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.03.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89278426&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lloyd, Charles W.
AU  - Smith Hackler, Amanda
AU  - Garcia, Yamil
AU  - Olivotto, Cristina
AU  - Spiero, Francois
AU  - Boese, Andrea
AU  - Galoforo, Germana
AU  - Mukai, Chiaki
AU  - Sentse, Nicole
AU  - de Staerke, Danielle
AU  - Moussine-Pouchkine, Elisabeth
AU  - Gonzalez Gross, Marcella
AU  - Cortez, Jaqueline
AU  - Llewellyn, Alicia
AU  - Lorza-Pitt, Rafael
AU  - Niihori, Maki
AU  - MacRae, Heather
AU  - Braeucker, Richard
AU  - Curtis, Jeremy
AU  - Gitsch, Michaela
T1  - Corrigendum to “IAC-11.E1-7.-A1.8.5 The Mission X: Train like an astronaut pilot study” [Acta Astronaut. 81 (2012) 77–82].
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 89
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 215
EP  - 215
SN  - 00945765
N1  - Accession Number: 89278427; Lloyd, Charles W. 1; Email Address: charles.w.lloyd@nasa.gov Smith Hackler, Amanda 2 Garcia, Yamil 3 Olivotto, Cristina 4 Spiero, Francois 5 Boese, Andrea 6 Galoforo, Germana 7 Mukai, Chiaki 8 Sentse, Nicole 4 de Staerke, Danielle 9 Moussine-Pouchkine, Elisabeth 5 Gonzalez Gross, Marcella 10 Cortez, Jaqueline 11 Llewellyn, Alicia 12 Lorza-Pitt, Rafael 13 Niihori, Maki 8 MacRae, Heather 14 Braeucker, Richard 6 Curtis, Jeremy 15 Gitsch, Michaela 16; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058, United States  2: MEI Technologies, Houston, TX, United States  3: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, United States  4: European Space Agency (ESA), Noordwijk, The Netherlands  5: Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Paris, France  6: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. (DLR), Koln, Germany  7: Italian Space Agency (ASI), Rome, Italy  8: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken, Japan  9: Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES), Toulouse, France  10: Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain  11: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering Group, Houston, United States  12: Tietronix, Houston, United States  13: European Space Agency (ESA), Bogota, Colombia  14: Venture Thinking, London, United Kingdom  15: UK Space Agency, Didcot, United Kingdom  16: FFG, Vienna, Austria; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 89, p215; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.04.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Acar, E.
AU  - Ded, G.S.
AU  - Basaran, B.
AU  - Tobe, H.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Bigelow, G.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Shape memory behavior of high strength NiTiHfPd polycrystalline alloys.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 61
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 5036
EP  - 5049
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: Systematic characterization of the shape memory properties of a quaternary Ni45.3–Ti29.7–Hf20–Pd5 (at.%) polycrystalline alloy was performed in compression after selected aging treatments. Precipitation characteristics were revealed by transmission electron microscopy. The effects of aging temperature and time on transformation temperatures, recoverable and residual strains, and temperature and stress hystereses were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, constant-load thermal cycling experiments and isothermal strain cycling (superelasticity) tests. The crystal structure and lattice parameters of the transforming phases were determined from X-ray diffraction analysis. It was revealed that precipitation hardening significantly improved the shape memory properties of the NiTiHfPd alloy. Under optimum aging conditions, shape memory strains of up to 4% under 1GPa were possible, and superelasticity experiments resulted in full strain recovery without any plastic deformation, even at stress levels as high as 2GPa. The NiTiHfPd polycrystalline alloy exhibited very high damping capacity/absorbed energy (30–34Jcm−3) and work output (30–35Jcm−3), which were attributed to the ability to operate at high stress levels without significant plastic deformation and to a high mechanical hysteresis (>900MPa) at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 80°C. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - CHROMIUM-cobalt-nickel-molybdenum alloys
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - THERMAL strain
KW  - High strength alloys
KW  - Mechanical characterization
KW  - Phase transformation
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 89135185; Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Acar, E. 1 Ded, G.S. 1 Basaran, B. 1,2 Tobe, H. 1 Noebe, R.D. 3 Bigelow, G. 3 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Etimesgut, Ankara 06790, Turkey  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Siberian Physical-Technical Institute at Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 61 Issue 13, p5036; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: CHROMIUM-cobalt-nickel-molybdenum alloys; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: THERMAL strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: High strength alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.04.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SolKeun Jee
AU  - Lopez Mejia, Omar D.
AU  - Moser, Robert D.
AU  - Muse, Jonathan A.
AU  - Kutay, Ali T.
AU  - Calise, Anthony J.
T1  - Simulation of Rapidly Maneuvering Airfoils with Synthetic Jet Actuators.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 51
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1883
EP  - 1897
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Synthetic jet actuators are investigated for rapidly maneuvering airfoils that are regulated by a closed-loop control system. To support active flow-control simulations performed here, the closed-loop system and vehicle dynamics are coupled with computational fluid dynamics. High-frequency sinusoidal pitching simulations with and without synthetic jet actuation indicate that the current synthetic jet actuators provide bidirectional change in aerodynamic forces during rapid maneuvers whose time scales are of the same order as the flow time scales. Responses of a wind-tunnel airfoil are well represented in the current simulations, which allows us to predict the response of the system for dynamic conditions representative of free flight. The control system is able to execute rapid free-flight maneuvers. It is observed that the controller is responding to small fluctuations caused by vortex shedding from the trailing-edge actuators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC actuators
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ELECTRONIC controllers
N1  - Accession Number: 89634595; SolKeun Jee 1 Lopez Mejia, Omar D. 2 Moser, Robert D. 3 Muse, Jonathan A. 4 Kutay, Ali T. 5 Calise, Anthony J. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: University of the Andes, Bogota CO0001, Colombia  3: University of Texas, Austin, Austin, Texas 78712  4: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio 45433  5: Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06531, Turkey  6: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 51 Issue 8, p1883; Subject Term: ELECTRIC actuators; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC controllers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052080
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meschter, Peter J.
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
T1  - Water Vapor-Mediated Volatilization of High-Temperature Materials.
JO  - Annual Review of Materials Research
JF  - Annual Review of Materials Research
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 559
EP  - 588
SN  - 15317331
AB  - Volatilization in water vapor-containing atmospheres is an important and often unexpected mechanism of degradation of high-temperature materials during processing and in service. Thermodynamic properties data sets for key (oxy)hydroxide vapor product species that are responsible for material transport and damage are often uncertain or unavailable. Estimation, quantum chemistry calculation, and measurement methods for thermodynamic properties of these species are reviewed, and data judged to be reliable are tabulated and referenced. Applications of water vapor-mediated volatilization include component and coating recession in turbine engines, oxidation/volatilization of ferritic steels in steam boilers, chromium poisoning in solid-oxide fuel cells, vanadium transport in hot corrosion and degradation of hydrocracking catalysts, Na loss from Na β″-Al2O3 tubes, and environmental release of radioactive isotopes in a nuclear reactor accident or waste incineration. The significance of water vapor-mediated volatilization in these applications is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Materials Research is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - HYDROCRACKING
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - hydroxides
KW  - mass transport
KW  - quantum chemistry
KW  - thermodynamics
KW  - vapor pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 88907059; Meschter, Peter J. 1 Opila, Elizabeth J. 2 Jacobson, Nathan S. 3; Affiliation:  1: General Electric Global Research Center, Niskayuna, New York 12309; email:  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904; email:  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; email:; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p559; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROCRACKING; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydroxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: quantum chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: vapor pressure; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-matsci-071312-121636
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pappalardo, R.T.
AU  - Vance, S.
AU  - Bagenal, F.
AU  - Bills, B.G.
AU  - Blaney, D.L.
AU  - Blankenship, D.D.
AU  - Brinckerhoff, W.B.
AU  - Connerney, J.E.P.
AU  - Hand, K.P.
AU  - Hoehler, T.M.
AU  - Leisner, J.S.
AU  - Kurth, W.S.
AU  - McGrath, M.A.
AU  - Mellon, M.T.
AU  - Moore, J.M.
AU  - Patterson, G.W.
AU  - Prockter, L.M.
AU  - Senske, D.A.
AU  - Schmidt, B.E.
AU  - Shock, E.L.
T1  - Science Potential from a Europa Lander.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 13
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 740
EP  - 773
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The prospect of a future soft landing on the surface of Europa is enticing, as it would create science opportunities that could not be achieved through flyby or orbital remote sensing, with direct relevance to Europa's potential habitability. Here, we summarize the science of a Europa lander concept, as developed by our NASA-commissioned Science Definition Team. The science concept concentrates on observations that can best be achieved by in situ examination of Europa from its surface. We discuss the suggested science objectives and investigations for a Europa lander mission, along with a model planning payload of instruments that could address these objectives. The highest priority is active sampling of Europa's non-ice material from at least two different depths (0.5-2 cm and 5-10 cm) to understand its detailed composition and chemistry and the specific nature of salts, any organic materials, and other contaminants. A secondary focus is geophysical prospecting of Europa, through seismology and magnetometry, to probe the satellite's ice shell and ocean. Finally, the surface geology can be characterized in situ at a human scale. A Europa lander could take advantage of the complex radiation environment of the satellite, landing where modeling suggests that radiation is about an order of magnitude less intense than in other regions. However, to choose a landing site that is safe and would yield the maximum science return, thorough reconnaissance of Europa would be required prior to selecting a scientifically optimized landing site. Key Words: Mission-Planetary science-Ice-Europa-Icy moon. Astrobiology 13, 740-773. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EUROPA (Satellite)
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - HABITABLE zone (Outer space)
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 90251756; Pappalardo, R.T. 1 Vance, S. 1 Bagenal, F. 2 Bills, B.G. 1 Blaney, D.L. 1 Blankenship, D.D. 3 Brinckerhoff, W.B. 4 Connerney, J.E.P. 4 Hand, K.P. 1 Hoehler, T.M. 5 Leisner, J.S. 6 Kurth, W.S. 6 McGrath, M.A. 7 Mellon, M.T. 8 Moore, J.M. 5 Patterson, G.W. 9 Prockter, L.M. 9 Senske, D.A. 10 Schmidt, B.E. 3 Shock, E.L. 11; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Sciences Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.  2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado.  3: Institute for Geophysics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas.  4: Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland.  5: Space Sciences and Astrobiology Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.  7: Science and Technology Office, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama.  8: Planetary Science Directorate, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado.  9: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland.  10: Science Research and Analysis Program Office, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.  11: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 13 Issue 8, p740; Subject Term: EUROPA (Satellite); Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: HABITABLE zone (Outer space); Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.1003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LEENAARTS, J.
AU  - PEREIRA, T. M. D.
AU  - CARLSSON, M.
AU  - UITENBROEK, H.
AU  - DE PONTIEU, B.
T1  - THE FORMATION OF IRIS DIAGNOSTICS. I. A QUINTESSENTIAL MODEL ATOM OF Mg II AND GENERAL FORMATION PROPERTIES OF THE Mg II h&k LINES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/08//8/ 1/2013
VL  - 772
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) space mission will study how the solar atmosphere is energized. IRIS contains an imaging spectrograph that covers the Mg II h&k lines as well as a slit-jaw imager centered at Mgii k. Understanding the observations will require forward modeling of Mg II h&k line formation from three-dimensional (3D) radiation-MHD models. This paper is the first in a series where we undertake this forward modeling. We discuss the atomic physics pertinent to h&k line formation, present a quintessential model atom that can be used in radiative transfer computations, and discuss the effect of partial redistribution (PRD) and 3D radiative transfer on the emergent line profiles. We conclude that Mgii h&k can be modeled accurately with a four-level plus continuum Mgii model atom. Ideally radiative transfer computations should be done in 3D including PRD effects. In practice this is currently not possible. A reasonable compromise is to use one-dimensional PRD computations to model the line profile up to and including the central emission peaks, and use 3D transfer assuming complete redistribution to model the central depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - SPECTRAL line formation
KW  - SOUNDING rockets
KW  - radiative transfer
KW  - Sun: atmospherez
KW  - Sun: chromosphere
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SOLAR Maximum Mission (Project)
N1  - Accession Number: 90201111; LEENAARTS, J. 1; Email Address: jorritl@astro.uio.no PEREIRA, T. M. D. 1,2,3; Email Address: tiago.pereira@astro.uio.no CARLSSON, M. 1; Email Address: mats.carlsson@astro.uio.no UITENBROEK, H. 4; Email Address: bdp@lmsal.com DE PONTIEU, B. 1,3; Email Address: huitenbroek@nso.edu; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory, Org. A021S, Building 252, 3251 Hanover Street, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  4: NSO/Sacramento Peak, P.O. Box 62, Sunspot, NM 88349-0062, USA; Source Info: 8/ 1/2013, Vol. 772 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line formation; Subject Term: SOUNDING rockets; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: atmospherez; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: chromosphere; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: SOLAR Maximum Mission (Project); NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/89
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90201111&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LEENAARTS, J.
AU  - PEREIRA, T. M. D.
AU  - CARLSSON, M.
AU  - UITENBROEK, H.
AU  - DE PONTIEU, B.
T1  - THE FORMATION OF IRIS DIAGNOSTICS. II. THE FORMATION OF THE Mg II h&k LINES IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/08//8/ 1/2013
VL  - 772
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) small explorer mission will study how the solar atmosphere is energized. IRIS contains an imaging spectrograph that covers the Mg ii h&k lines as well as a slit-jaw imager centered at Mgii k. Understanding the observations requires forward modeling of Mg ii h&k line formation from three-dimensional (3D) radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) models. This paper is the second in a series where we undertake this modeling.We compute the vertically emergent h&k intensity from a snapshot of a dynamic 3D RMHD model of the solar atmosphere, and investigate which diagnostic information about the atmosphere is contained in the synthetic line profiles. We find that the Doppler shift of the central line depression correlates strongly with the vertical velocity at optical depth unity, which is typically located less than 200 km below the transition region (TR). By combining the Doppler shifts of the h and k lines we can retrieve the sign of the velocity gradient just below the TR. The intensity in the central line depression is anti-correlated with the formation height, especially in subfields of a few square Mm. This intensity could thus be used to measure the spatial variation of the height of the TR. The intensity in the line-core emission peaks correlates with the temperature at its formation height, especially for strong emission peaks. The peaks can thus be exploited as a temperature diagnostic. The wavelength difference between the blue and red peaks provides a diagnostic of the velocity gradients in the upper chromosphere. The intensity ratio of the blue and red peaks correlates strongly with the average velocity in the upper chromosphere. We conclude that the Mg ii h&k lines are excellent probes of the very upper chromosphere just below the TR, a height regime that is impossible to probe with other spectral lines. They also provide decent temperature and velocity diagnostics of the middle chromosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - SPECTRAL line formation
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - radiative transfer
KW  - Sun: atmosphere
KW  - Sun: chromosphere
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 90201112; LEENAARTS, J. 1; Email Address: jorritl@astro.uio.no PEREIRA, T. M. D. 1,2,3; Email Address: tiago.pereira@astro.uio.no CARLSSON, M. 1; Email Address: mats.carlsson@astro.uio.no UITENBROEK, H. 4; Email Address: bdp@lmsal.com DE PONTIEU, B. 1,3; Email Address: huitenbroek@nso.edu; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Lab, Org. A021S, Building 252, 3251 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  4: NSO/Sacramento Peak P.O. Box 62 Sunspot, NM 88349-0062, USA; Source Info: 8/ 1/2013, Vol. 772 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line formation; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: chromosphere; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/772/2/90
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin, Rodney A.
T1  - Optimal level-crossing prediction for jump linear MIMO dynamical systems.
JO  - Automatica
JF  - Automatica
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 49
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2440
EP  - 2445
SN  - 00051098
AB  - Abstract: In this article, the theoretically optimal prediction of level-crossings for a jump linear MIMO (multi-input/multi-output) dynamical system driven by a control input is investigated. The study of this problem is motivated by the practical implications for design of an optimal alarm system as applied to the advance prediction of adverse events, which will elicit the fewest false alarms for a fixed detection probability. It was found that using an additional control input term results in increased uncertainty due to the associated model for the control. However, using the appropriate condition for optimality provides an accommodation for this uncertainty which does not translate into compromised predictive capability. For the given application, it was observed that modeling the control input as a linear dynamical system results in better prediction performance and qualitatively has a higher model fidelity than when using a hidden Markov model for the same function. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Automatica is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEVEL-crossing spectroscopy
KW  - MIMO systems
KW  - DYNAMICAL systems
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Alarm systems
KW  - Kalman filters
KW  - Multivariable systems
KW  - Prediction methods
KW  - Prediction problems
N1  - Accession Number: 89137371; Martin, Rodney A. 1; Email Address: rodney.martin@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-1, Bldg. N269, Rm. 260-17, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 49 Issue 8, p2440; Subject Term: LEVEL-crossing spectroscopy; Subject Term: MIMO systems; Subject Term: DYNAMICAL systems; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alarm systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariable systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prediction methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prediction problems; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.automatica.2013.04.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89137371&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, P.C.
AU  - Calvin, W.M.
AU  - Gierasch, P.
AU  - Haberle, R.
AU  - James, P.B.
AU  - Sholes, S.
T1  - Time scales of erosion and deposition recorded in the residual south polar cap of Mars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 225
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 923
EP  - 932
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: The residual south polar cap (RSPC) of Mars has been subject to competing processes during recent Mars years of high resolution image coverage: continuing erosion of scarps while the maximum extent grows as well as shrinks (Piqueux, S., Christensen, P.R. [2008]. J. Geophys. Res. (Planets) 113, 2006; James, P.B., Thomas, P.C., Malin, M.C. [2010]. Icarus 208, 82–85). Additionally, the cap has a variety of morphologies and erosion (scarp retreat) rates (Thomas, P.C., James, P.B., Calvin, W.M., Haberle, R., Malin, M.C. [2009]. Icarus 203, 352–375). Do these different forms and competing processes indicate an aging and possibly disappearing cap, a growing cap, or a fluctuating cap, and is it possible to infer the timescales of the processes acting on the RSPC? Here we use the latest imaging data from Mars’ southern summer in Mars year 30 (Calendar year 2011) to evaluate erosion rates of forms in the RSPC over 6Mars years, and to map more fully features whose sizes can be used to predict deposit ages. Data through Mars year 30 show that scarp retreat rates in the RSPC have remained approximately the same for at least 6Mars years and that these rates of erosion also apply approximately over the past 21Mars years. The thicker units appear to have undergone changes in the locations of new pit formation about 30–50Mars years ago. The thinner units have some areas that are possibly 80Mars years old, with some younger materials having accumulated more than a meter in thickness since Mars year 9. Formation of the thicker units probably required over 100Mars years. The upper surfaces of most areas, especially the thicker units, show little change at the few-cm level over the last 2Mars years. This observation suggests that current conditions are substantially different from those when the thicker units were deposited. A prime characteristic of the evolution of the RSPC is that some changes are progressive, such as those involving scarp retreat, while others, such as the geography of initiation of new pits or the areal coverage of ice, appear to be more episodic. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONOSPHERIC electromagnetic wave propagation
KW  - EROSION
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - Mars, Polar caps
N1  - Accession Number: 88988410; Thomas, P.C. 1; Email Address: pct2@cornell.edu Calvin, W.M. 2 Gierasch, P. 1 Haberle, R. 3 James, P.B. 4 Sholes, S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89577, USA  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 225 Issue 2, p923; Subject Term: IONOSPHERIC electromagnetic wave propagation; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Polar caps; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2012.08.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
T1  - A scalar anisotropy model for turbulent eddy viscosity.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 42
M3  - Article
SP  - 115
EP  - 130
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - Abstract: A three-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence model using transport equations for the turbulent kinetic energy (k), dissipation rate (ϵ), and a scalar measure of the Reynolds-stress anisotropy is described. Away from walls, where the turbulence anisotropy goes to zero, the model naturally reverts to the isotropic k–ϵ formulation, with only a slightly modified value of the eddy-viscosity coefficient. This leverages the predictive capability of k–ϵ for free shear flows, while still providing accurate predictions of wall-bounded flows without resorting to wall-damping functions. The computed model predictions are compared against experimental Reynolds-stress measurements for a zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate boundary layer, a planar mixing-layer, and the separated flow over periodic hills. Further, the computed results show improvements over standard one- and two-equation models, most notably for the smooth-body separation and recirculation encountered in the flow over periodic hills. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - EDDY viscosity
KW  - CONVECTION-diffusion equations
KW  - KINETIC energy
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - Pressure–strain
KW  - Separation
KW  - SSG
KW  - v 2–f
N1  - Accession Number: 89302718; Murman, Scott M. 1; Email Address: Scott.M.Murman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 42, p115; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: EDDY viscosity; Subject Term: CONVECTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: KINETIC energy; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure–strain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Separation; Author-Supplied Keyword: SSG; Author-Supplied Keyword: v 2–f; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2013.02.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Minghua
AU  - Bretherton, Christopher S.
AU  - Blossey, Peter N.
AU  - Austin, Phillip H.
AU  - Bacmeister, Julio T.
AU  - Bony, Sandrine
AU  - Brient, Florent
AU  - Cheedela, Suvarchal K.
AU  - Cheng, Anning
AU  - Genio, Anthony D.
AU  - Roode, Stephan R.
AU  - Endo, Satoshi
AU  - Franklin, Charmaine N.
AU  - Golaz, Jean-Christophe
AU  - Hannay, Cecile
AU  - Heus, Thijs
AU  - Isotta, Francesco Alessandro
AU  - Dufresne, Jean-Louis
AU  - Kang, In-Sik
AU  - Kawai, Hideaki
T1  - CGILS: Results from the first phase of an international project to understand the physical mechanisms of low cloud feedbacks in single column models.
JO  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
JF  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 826
EP  - 842
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 19422466
AB  - CGILS-the CFMIP-GASS Intercomparison of Large Eddy Models (LESs) and single column models (SCMs)-investigates the mechanisms of cloud feedback in SCMs and LESs under idealized climate change perturbation. This paper describes the CGILS results from 15 SCMs and 8 LES models. Three cloud regimes over the subtropical oceans are studied: shallow cumulus, cumulus under stratocumulus, and well-mixed coastal stratus/stratocumulus. In the stratocumulus and coastal stratus regimes, SCMs without activated shallow convection generally simulated negative cloud feedbacks, while models with active shallow convection generally simulated positive cloud feedbacks. In the shallow cumulus alone regime, this relationship is less clear, likely due to the changes in cloud depth, lateral mixing, and precipitation or a combination of them. The majority of LES models simulated negative cloud feedback in the well-mixed coastal stratus/stratocumulus regime, and positive feedback in the shallow cumulus and stratocumulus regime. A general framework is provided to interpret SCM results: in a warmer climate, the moistening rate of the cloudy layer associated with the surface-based turbulence parameterization is enhanced; together with weaker large-scale subsidence, it causes negative cloud feedback. In contrast, in the warmer climate, the drying rate associated with the shallow convection scheme is enhanced. This causes positive cloud feedback. These mechanisms are summarized as the 'NESTS' negative cloud feedback and the 'SCOPE' positive cloud feedback (Negative feedback from Surface Turbulence under weaker Subsidence-Shallow Convection PositivE feedback) with the net cloud feedback depending on how the two opposing effects counteract each other. The LES results are consistent with these interpretations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUD feedback
KW  - CLIMATE feedbacks
KW  - LARGE eddy simulation models
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - STRATOCUMULUS clouds
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - CGILS
KW  - large eddy models
KW  - low cloud feedbacks
KW  - single column models
N1  - Accession Number: 93925946; Zhang, Minghua 1 Bretherton, Christopher S. 2 Blossey, Peter N. 2 Austin, Phillip H. 3 Bacmeister, Julio T. 4 Bony, Sandrine 5 Brient, Florent 5 Cheedela, Suvarchal K. 6 Cheng, Anning 7 Genio, Anthony D. 8 Roode, Stephan R. 9 Endo, Satoshi 10 Franklin, Charmaine N. 11 Golaz, Jean-Christophe 12 Hannay, Cecile 4 Heus, Thijs 6 Isotta, Francesco Alessandro 13 Dufresne, Jean-Louis 5 Kang, In-Sik 14 Kawai, Hideaki 15; Affiliation:  1: School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Institute for Terrestrial and Planetary Atmospheres Stony Brook University  2: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington  3: Department of Earth and Ocean Science, University of British Columbia  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth System Laboratory  5: Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique/Institute Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL)  6: Max Planck Institute for Meteorology  7: NASA Langley Research Center  8: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies  9: Department of Geoscience & Remote Sensing, Delft University of Technology  10: Brookhaven National Laboratory Environmental Sciences Department  11: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)  12: NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory  13: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology  14: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University  15: Meteorological Research Institute; Source Info: Jul2013, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p826; Subject Term: CLOUD feedback; Subject Term: CLIMATE feedbacks; Subject Term: LARGE eddy simulation models; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: STRATOCUMULUS clouds; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Author-Supplied Keyword: CGILS; Author-Supplied Keyword: large eddy models; Author-Supplied Keyword: low cloud feedbacks; Author-Supplied Keyword: single column models; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/2013MS000246
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
AU  - Rummel, John D.
T1  - Appropriate protection of Mars.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 588
SN  - 17520894
AB  - The authors discuss the planetary protection policy and guidelines maintained by the U.S. Committee on Space Research (COSPAR). They argue that efforts to reduce spacecraft contamination are already continuously examined in light of the latest science, represent the consensus of the international scientific community, and are essential for any valid plan to search for any extant or extinct life on Mars.
KW  - ORIGIN of life
KW  - GUIDELINES
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - POLLUTION prevention
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 102418679; Conley, Catharine A. 1 Rummel, John D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Planetary Protection Officer with the Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 6 Issue 8, p587; Subject Term: ORIGIN of life; Subject Term: GUIDELINES; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: POLLUTION prevention; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo1908
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldblatt, Colin
AU  - Robinson, Tyler D.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Crisp, David
T1  - Low simulated radiation limit for runaway greenhouse climates.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 661
EP  - 667
SN  - 17520894
AB  - The atmospheres of terrestrial planets are expected to be in long-term radiation balance: an increase in the absorption of solar radiation warms the surface and troposphere, which leads to a matching increase in the emission of thermal radiation. Warming a wet planet such as Earth would make the atmosphere moist and optically thick such that only thermal radiation emitted from the upper troposphere can escape to space. Hence, for a hot moist atmosphere, there is an upper limit on the thermal emission that is unrelated to surface temperature. If the solar radiation absorbed exceeds this limit, the planet will heat uncontrollably and the entire ocean will evaporate-the so-called runaway greenhouse. Here we model the solar and thermal radiative transfer in incipient and complete runaway greenhouse atmospheres at line-by-line spectral resolution using a modern spectral database. We find a thermal radiation limit of 282 W m−2 (lower than previously reported) and that 294 W m−2 of solar radiation is absorbed (higher than previously reported). Therefore, a steam atmosphere induced by such a runaway greenhouse may be a stable state for a planet receiving a similar amount of solar radiation as Earth today. Avoiding a runaway greenhouse on Earth requires that the atmosphere is subsaturated with water, and that the albedo effect of clouds exceeds their greenhouse effect. A runaway greenhouse could in theory be triggered by increased greenhouse forcing, but anthropogenic emissions are probably insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Geoscience is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - GREENHOUSES -- Climate
N1  - Accession Number: 102418687; Goldblatt, Colin 1 Robinson, Tyler D. 2 Zahnle, Kevin J. 3 Crisp, David 4; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 3065, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 3V6, Canada  2: Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, Washington 98195-1580, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 183-501, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 6 Issue 8, p661; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: GREENHOUSES -- Climate; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo1892
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werneth, Charles M.
AU  - Maung, Khin Maung
AU  - Mead, Lawrence R.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
T1  - Finite sum expressions for elastic and reaction cross sections.
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 308
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 45
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - Abstract: Nuclear cross section calculations are often performed by using the partial wave method or the Eikonal method through Glauber theory. The expressions for the total cross section, total elastic cross section, and total reaction cross section in the partial wave method involve infinite sums and do not utilize simplifying approximations. Conversely, the Eikonal method gives these expressions in terms of integrals but utilizes the high energy and small angle approximations. In this paper, by using the fact that the partial wave component of the T-matrix can be very accurately approximated by its Born term, the infinite sums in each of the expressions for the differential cross section, total elastic cross section, total cross section, and total reaction cross section are re-written in terms of finite sums plus closed form expressions. The differential cross sections are compared to the Eikonal results for , and elastic scattering. Total cross sections, total reaction cross sections, and total elastic cross sections are compared to the Eikonal results for scattering. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REACTION cross sections
KW  - T-matrix
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL cross sections
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - LIGHT propagation
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - Eikonal approximation
KW  - Glauber theory
KW  - Method of partial waves
N1  - Accession Number: 89302166; Werneth, Charles M. 1; Email Address: charles.m.werneth@nasa.gov Maung, Khin Maung 2; Email Address: khin.maung@usm.edu Mead, Lawrence R. 2; Email Address: lawrence.mead@usm.edu Blattnig, Steve R. 1; Email Address: steve.r.blattnig@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 118 College Drive, Box 5046, Hattiesburg, MS, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 308, p40; Subject Term: REACTION cross sections; Subject Term: T-matrix; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL cross sections; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: LIGHT propagation; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eikonal approximation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glauber theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Method of partial waves; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nimb.2013.05.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, Helen J.
T1  - Ground-Based/Airborne Telescopes and Instrumentation.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 52
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00913286
AB  - An introduction to the special section of "Optical Engineering," which focuses on ground-based telescopes and instrumentation, is presented.
KW  - OPTICAL engineering
KW  - TELESCOPES
N1  - Accession Number: 92988779; Hall, Helen J. 1; Email Address: hhall@sofia.usra.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, SOFIA/USRA, Building N232, MS 232-12, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 52 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: OPTICAL engineering; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunagan, Stephen E.
AU  - Johnson, Roy
AU  - Zavaleta, Jhony
AU  - Russell, Philip B.
AU  - Schmid, Beat
AU  - Flynn, Connor
AU  - Redemann, Jens
AU  - Yohei Shinozuka
AU  - Livingston, John
AU  - Segal-Rosenhaimer, Michal
T1  - Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR): Instrument Technology.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 5
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3872
EP  - 3895
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR) combines airborne sun tracking and sky scanning with diffraction spectroscopy to improve knowledge of atmospheric constituents and their links to air-pollution/climate. Direct beam hyper-spectral measurement of optical depth improves retrievals of gas constituents and determination of aerosol properties. Sky scanning enhances retrievals of aerosol type and size distribution. 4STAR measurements will tighten the closure between satellite and ground-based measurements. 4STAR incorporates a modular sun-tracking/ sky-scanning optical head with fiber optic signal transmission to rack mounted spectrometers, permitting miniaturization of the external optical head, and future detector evolution. Technical challenges include compact optical collector design, radiometric dynamic range and stability, and broad spectral coverage. Test results establishing the performance of the instrument against the full range of operational requirements are presented, along with calibration, engineering flight test, and scientific field campaign data and results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - RADIOMETRY
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - DYNAMIC range (Acoustics)
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - atmosphere
KW  - climate
KW  - fiber optic
KW  - hyperspectral
KW  - pollution
KW  - radiometry
KW  - technology
N1  - Accession Number: 89941032; Dunagan, Stephen E. 1; Email Address: Stephen.E.Dunagan@nasa.gov Johnson, Roy 1; Email Address: Roy.R.Johnson@nasa.gov Zavaleta, Jhony 1; Email Address: Jhony.R.Zavaleta@nasa.gov Russell, Philip B. 1; Email Address: Philip.B.Russell@nasa.gov Schmid, Beat 2; Email Address: beat.schmid@pnnl.gov Flynn, Connor 2; Email Address: connor.flynn@pnnl.gov Redemann, Jens 1; Email Address: Jens.Redemann-1@nasa.gov Yohei Shinozuka 3,4; Email Address: Yohei.Shinozuka@nasa.gov Livingston, John 5; Email Address: John.M.Livingston@nasa.gov Segal-Rosenhaimer, Michal 1; Email Address: Michal.Segalrozenhaimer@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, NASA, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99325, USA  3: The Ames Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology (ARC-CREST), NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  5: SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 5 Issue 8, p3872; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: RADIOMETRY; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: DYNAMIC range (Acoustics); Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: fiber optic; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperspectral; Author-Supplied Keyword: pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5083872
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin-Woo Han
AU  - Byung Joon Choi
AU  - Joshua Yang, J.
AU  - Dong-II Moon
AU  - Yang-Kyu Choi
AU  - StanleyWilliams, R.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - A replacement of high-k process for CMOS transistor by atomic layer deposition.
JO  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
JF  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/08//
VL  - 28
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 02681242
AB  - A replacement of high-k process was implemented on an independent double gate FinFET, following the ordinary gate-first process with minor modifications. The present scheme involves neither exotic materials nor unprecedented processing. After the source/drain process, the sacrificial gate oxide was selectively substituted with amorphous Ta2O5 via conformal plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition. The present gate-first gate-dielectric-last scheme combines the advantages of the process and design simplicity of the gate-first approach and the control of the effective gate workfunction and the interfacial oxide of the gate-dielectric-last approach. Electrical characterization data and cross-sectional images are provided as evidence of the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Semiconductor Science & Technology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors
KW  - ATOMIC layer deposition
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
KW  - ELECTRON work function
KW  - INTERFACIAL stresses
N1  - Accession Number: 90049660; Jin-Woo Han 1; Email Address: jin-woo.han@nasa.gov Byung Joon Choi 2 Joshua Yang, J. 2 Dong-II Moon 3 Yang-Kyu Choi 3 StanleyWilliams, R. 2 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Hewlett-Packard Co, 1501 Page Mill Rd., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 28 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: COMPLEMENTARY metal oxide semiconductors; Subject Term: ATOMIC layer deposition; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: ELECTRON work function; Subject Term: INTERFACIAL stresses; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0268-1242/28/8/082003
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weile Wang
AU  - Ciais, Philippe
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Canadell, Josep G.
AU  - Shilong Piao
AU  - Sitch, Stephen
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Variations in atmospheric CO2 growth rates coupled with tropical temperature.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2013/08/06/
VL  - 110
IS  - 32
M3  - Article
SP  - 13061
EP  - 13066
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Previous studies have highlighted the occurrence and intensity of El Niño-Southern Oscillation as important drivers of the interannual variability of the atmospheric CO2 growth rate, but the underlying biogeophysical mechanisms governing such connections remain unclear. Here we show a strong and persistent coupling (r2 ≈ 0.50) between interannual variations of the CO2 growth rate and tropical land-surface air temperature during 1959 to 2011, with a 1 °C tropical temperature anomaly leading to a 3.5 ± 0.6 Petagrams of carbon per year (PgC/y) CO2 growth-rate anomaly on average. Analysis of simulation results from Dynamic Global Vegetation Models suggests that this temperature-CO2 coupling is contributed mainly by the additive responses of heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and net primary production (NPP) to temperature variations in tropical ecosystems. However, we find a weaker and less consistent (r2 ≈ 0.25) interannual coupling between CO2 growth rate and tropical land precipitation than diagnosed from the Dynamic Global Vegetation Models, likely resulting from the subtractive responses of tropical Rh and NPP to precipitation anomalies that partly offset each other in the net ecosystem exchange (i.e., net ecosystem exchange ≈ Rh - NPP). Variations in other climate variables (e.g., large-scale cloudiness) and natural disturbances (e.g., volcanic eruptions) may induce transient reductions in the temperature-CO2 coupling, but the relationship is robust during the past 50 y and shows full recovery within a few years after any such major variability event. Therefore, it provides an important diagnostic tool for improved understanding of the contemporary and future global carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - SOUTHERN oscillation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - TROPICS -- Climate
KW  - climate-carbon cycle coupling
KW  - global dynamic vegetation model
KW  - tropical land surface temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 89650976; Weile Wang 1,2; Email Address: weile.wang@nasa.gov Ciais, Philippe 3 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 4 Canadell, Josep G. 5 Shilong Piao 6,7 Sitch, Stephen 8 White, Michael A. 9 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 1,2 Milesi, Cristina 1,2 Myneni, Ranga B. 10; Affiliation:  1: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955  2: Biospheric Science Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  4: Advanced Supercomputing Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  5: Global Carbon Project, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Marine and Atmospheric Research, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia  6: Department of Ecology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  7: Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4RJ, United Kingdom  8: Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China  9: Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322  10: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215; Source Info: 8/6/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 32, p13061; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: SOUTHERN oscillation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: TROPICS -- Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate-carbon cycle coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: global dynamic vegetation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical land surface temperature; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1219683110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LINGZHEN ZENG
AU  - BENNETT, CHARLES L.
AU  - CHAPMAN, NICHOLAS L.
AU  - CHUSS, DAVID T.
AU  - JIMENEZ-SERRA, IZASKUN
AU  - NOVAK, GILES
AU  - VAILLANCOURT, JOHN E.
T1  - THE SUBMILLIMETER POLARIZATION SPECTRUM OF M17.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/08/10/
VL  - 773
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present 450μm polarimetric observations of theM17 molecular cloud obtained with the SHARP polarimeter at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. Across the observed region, themagnetic field orientation is consistent with previous submillimeter and far-infrared polarization measurements. Our observations are centered on a region of the molecular cloud that has been compressed by stellar winds from a cluster of OB stars.We have compared these new data with previous 350μm polarimetry and find an anti-correlation between the 450 and 350μm polarization magnitude ratio and the ratio of 21 cm to 450μm intensity. The polarization ratio is lower near the east end of the studied region where the cloud is exposed to stellar winds and radiation. At the west end of the region, the polarization ratio is higher. We interpret the varying polarization spectrum as evidence supporting the radiative alignment torque model for grain alignment, implying higher alignment efficiency in the region that is exposed to a higher anisotropic radiation field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - SPACE plasmas
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - POLARIZATION spectroscopy
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: individual objects (M17
KW  - ISM: magnetic fields
KW  - NGC 6618)
KW  - polarization submillimeter: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 90152365; LINGZHEN ZENG 1,2; Email Address: lingzhen@cfa.harvard.edu BENNETT, CHARLES L. 2 CHAPMAN, NICHOLAS L. 3 CHUSS, DAVID T. 4 JIMENEZ-SERRA, IZASKUN 1 NOVAK, GILES 3 VAILLANCOURT, JOHN E. 5; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  3: Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) & Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  4: Observational Cosmology Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2013, Vol. 773 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: SPACE plasmas; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: POLARIZATION spectroscopy; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects (M17; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: NGC 6618); Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization submillimeter: ISM; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/773/1/29
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jermwongratanachai, Thani
AU  - Jacobs, Gary
AU  - Ma, Wenping
AU  - Shafer, Wilson D.
AU  - Gnanamani, Muthu Kumaran
AU  - Gao, Pei
AU  - Kitiyanan, Boonyarach
AU  - Davis, Burtron H.
AU  - Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S.
AU  - Yen, Chia H.
AU  - Cronauer, Donald C.
AU  - Kropf, A. Jeremy
AU  - Marshall, Christopher L.
T1  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Comparisons between Pt and Ag promoted Co/Al2O3 catalysts for reducibility, local atomic structure, catalytic activity, and oxidation–reduction (OR) cycles.
JO  - Applied Catalysis A: General
JF  - Applied Catalysis A: General
Y1  - 2013/08/15/
VL  - 464-465
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 180
SN  - 0926860X
AB  - Highlights: [•] Ag metal is currently ∼2% of the price of Pt; both facilitate Co oxide reduction. [•] Pt coordination with Co at the atomic level, even up to 5% by weight. [•] Ag coordinates with Co and Ag, with increasing Ag–Ag coordination with loading. [•] Ag addition slightly improves selectivity (all loadings); increasing Pt worsens it. [•] Ag/Pt facilitates Co oxide reduction even after ROR; effect on reactivity unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Catalysis A: General is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FISCHER-Tropsch process
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - SYNTHESIS (Chemistry)
KW  - PLATINUM catalysts
KW  - GOLD catalysts
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - ATOMIC structure
KW  - CATALYTIC activity
KW  - OXIDATION-reduction reaction
KW  - Co/Al2O3
KW  - Cobalt (Co)
KW  - EXAFS
KW  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS)
KW  - Gas-to-liquids (GTL)
KW  - Oxidation–reduction (OR) cycles
KW  - Platinum (Pt)
KW  - Silver (Ag)
KW  - XANES
N1  - Accession Number: 89435988; Jermwongratanachai, Thani 1,2 Jacobs, Gary 1 Ma, Wenping 1 Shafer, Wilson D. 1 Gnanamani, Muthu Kumaran 1 Gao, Pei 1,3 Kitiyanan, Boonyarach 2 Davis, Burtron H. 1; Email Address: burtron.davis@uky.edu Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S. 4 Yen, Chia H. 4 Cronauer, Donald C. 5 Kropf, A. Jeremy 5 Marshall, Christopher L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA  2: The Petroleum and Petrochemical College, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand  3: Eastern Kentucky University, 4126A New Science Building, Richmond, KY 40475, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 464-465, p165; Subject Term: FISCHER-Tropsch process; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: SYNTHESIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: PLATINUM catalysts; Subject Term: GOLD catalysts; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: ATOMIC structure; Subject Term: CATALYTIC activity; Subject Term: OXIDATION-reduction reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Co/Al2O3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cobalt (Co); Author-Supplied Keyword: EXAFS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas-to-liquids (GTL); Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation–reduction (OR) cycles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Platinum (Pt); Author-Supplied Keyword: Silver (Ag); Author-Supplied Keyword: XANES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apcata.2013.05.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saleeb, A.F.
AU  - Kumar, A.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Dhakal, B.
T1  - The cyclic and evolutionary response to approach the attraction loops under stress controlled isothermal conditions for a multi-mechanism based multi-axial SMA model.
JO  - Mechanics of Materials
JF  - Mechanics of Materials
Y1  - 2013/08/15/
VL  - 63
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 47
SN  - 01676636
SN  - 9780077221409
AB  - Highlights: [•] Evolutionary cyclic responses of shape memory alloys were investigated. [•] Inelastic hardening mechanisms were used to regulate the energy storage and dissipation. [•] Pseudoelastic and pseudoplastic regimes under uni- and multi-axial loading were considered. [•] Model predictions were compared to typical experimental data available in the literature. [•] Both stress mean and amplitude have significant effect on the evolutionary response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ISOTHERMAL processes
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PSEUDOPLASTIC fluids
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Attraction state
KW  - Cyclic evolution
KW  - Isothermal
KW  - Multi-mechanism
KW  - Shape memory alloy
KW  - Stress mean and amplitude
N1  - Accession Number: 89294922; Saleeb, A.F. 1; Email Address: saleeb@uakron.edu Kumar, A. 1 Padula, S.A. 2 Dhakal, B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3905, USA  2: N.A.S.A. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 63, p21; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL processes; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PSEUDOPLASTIC fluids; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attraction state; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyclic evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isothermal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-mechanism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress mean and amplitude; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2013.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BALLARD, SARAH
AU  - CHARBONNEAU, DAVID
AU  - FRESSIN, FRANCOIS
AU  - TORRES, GUILLERMO
AU  - IRWIN, JONATHAN
AU  - DESERT, JEAN-MICHEL
AU  - NEWTON, ELISABETH
AU  - MANN, ANDREW W.
AU  - CIARDI, DAVID R.
AU  - CREPP, JUSTIN R.
AU  - HENZE, CHRISTOPHER E.
AU  - BRYSON, STEPHEN T.
AU  - HOWELL, STEVEN B.
AU  - HORCH, ELLIOTT P.
AU  - EVERETT, MARK E.
AU  - SHPORER, AVI
T1  - EXOPLANET CHARACTERIZATION BY PROXY: A TRANSITING 2.15 R⊕ PLANET NEAR THE HABITABLE ZONE OF THE LATE K DWARF KEPLER-61.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/08/20/
VL  - 773
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the validation and characterization of Kepler-61b: a 2.15 R⊕ planet orbiting near the inner edge of the habitable zone of a low-mass star. Our characterization of the host star Kepler-61 is based upon a comparison with a set of spectroscopically similar stars with directly measured radii and temperatures. We apply a stellar prior drawn from the weighted mean of these properties, in tandem with the Kepler photometry, to infer a planetary radius for Kepler-61b of 2.15 ± 0.13 R⊕ and an equilibrium temperature of 273 ± 13 K (given its period of 59.87756 ± 0.00020 days and assuming a planetary albedo of 0.3). The technique of leveraging the physical properties of nearby “proxy” stars allows for an independent check on stellar characterization via the traditional measurements with stellar spectra and evolutionary models. In this case, such a check had implications for the putative habitability of Kepler-61b: the planet is 10% warmer and larger than inferred from K-band spectral characterization. From the Kepler photometry, we estimate a stellar rotation period of 36 days, which implies a stellar age of >1 Gyr. We summarize the evidence for the planetary nature of the Kepler-61 transit signal, which we conclude is 30,000 times more likely to be due to a planet than a blend scenario. Finally, we discuss possible compositions for Kepler-61b with a comparison to theoretical models as well as to known exoplanets with similar radii and dynamically measured masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - eclipses
KW  - KIC 6960913)
KW  - KOI 1361
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: individual (Kepler-61
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90179371; BALLARD, SARAH 1; Email Address: sarahba@uw.edu CHARBONNEAU, DAVID 1 FRESSIN, FRANCOIS 1 TORRES, GUILLERMO 1 IRWIN, JONATHAN 1 DESERT, JEAN-MICHEL 2 NEWTON, ELISABETH 1 MANN, ANDREW W. 3 CIARDI, DAVID R. 4 CREPP, JUSTIN R. 2,5 HENZE, CHRISTOPHER E. 6 BRYSON, STEPHEN T. 6 HOWELL, STEVEN B. 6 HORCH, ELLIOTT P. 7 EVERETT, MARK E. 8 SHPORER, AVI 2,9,10; Affiliation:  1: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  2: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA  8: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  9: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA  10: Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2013, Vol. 773 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: PLANETS; Author-Supplied Keyword: eclipses; Author-Supplied Keyword: KIC 6960913); Author-Supplied Keyword: KOI 1361; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (Kepler-61; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/773/2/98
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Protonated nitrous oxide, NNOH+: Fundamental vibrational frequencies and spectroscopic constants from quartic force fields.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2013/08/28/
VL  - 139
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 084313
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The interstellar presence of protonated nitrous oxide has been suspected for some time. Using established high-accuracy quantum chemical techniques, spectroscopic constants and fundamental vibrational frequencies are provided for the lower energy O-protonated isomer of this cation and its deuterated isotopologue. The vibrationally-averaged B0 and C0 rotational constants are within 6 MHz of their experimental values and the DJ quartic distortion constants agree with experiment to within 3%. The known gas phase O-H stretch of NNOH+ is 3330.91 cm-1, and the vibrational configuration interaction computed result is 3330.9 cm-1. Other spectroscopic constants are also provided, as are the rest of the fundamental vibrational frequencies for NNOH+ and its deuterated isotopologue. This high-accuracy data should serve to better inform future observational or experimental studies of the rovibrational bands of protonated nitrous oxide in the interstellar medium and the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROUS oxide
KW  - PROTON transfer reactions
KW  - MOLECULAR vibrational spectra
KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - MOLECULAR force constants
KW  - MOLECULAR rotational spectra
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter -- Spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 90048741; Huang, Xinchuan 1 Fortenberry, Ryan C. 2 Lee, Timothy J. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000,; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 139 Issue 8, p084313; Subject Term: NITROUS oxide; Subject Term: PROTON transfer reactions; Subject Term: MOLECULAR vibrational spectra; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: MOLECULAR force constants; Subject Term: MOLECULAR rotational spectra; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter -- Spectra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4819069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaynak, Y.
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Jawahir, I.S.
T1  - Tool-wear analysis in cryogenic machining of NiTi shape memory alloys: A comparison of tool-wear performance with dry and MQL machining.
JO  - Wear
JF  - Wear
Y1  - 2013/08/30/
VL  - 306
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 63
SN  - 00431648
AB  - Abstract: Extremely high tool-wear rate in machining of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) is one of the major reasons for limiting the use of conventional machining processes on NiTi. The present study begins to address this issue by examining the effects of cryogenic cooling on tool-wear rate and progressive tool-wear by comparing the new findings from cryogenic machining with results obtained from minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) and dry machining conditions. Flank wear at the nose region, notch wear at the depth of cut boundary, and resulting machining performance criteria such as force components and surface quality of machined samples were studied. The findings from this research demonstrate that cryogenic cooling has a profound effect on controlling tool-wear rate and that the progressive tool-wear in machining of NiTi shape memory alloys can be significantly reduced by cryogenic machining. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Wear is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - MECHANICAL wear
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - MACHINING
KW  - Cryogenic machining
KW  - MQL
KW  - NiTi shape memory alloys
KW  - Progressive tool-wear
N1  - Accession Number: 91266390; Kaynak, Y. 1,2; Email Address: yusuf.kaynak@marmara.edu.tr Karaca, H.E. 1 Noebe, R.D. 3 Jawahir, I.S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing (ISM), University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: University of Marmara, Mechanics and Machine Elements Division, Goztepe Campus, Kadikoy, 34722, Istanbul, Turkey  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2013, Vol. 306 Issue 1/2, p51; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: MECHANICAL wear; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: MACHINING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic machining; Author-Supplied Keyword: MQL; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Progressive tool-wear; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wear.2013.05.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foster, Cyrus
AU  - Bellerose, Julie
AU  - Mauro, David
AU  - Jaroux, Belgacem
T1  - Mission concepts and operations for asteroid mitigation involving multiple gravity tractors.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 90
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 118
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The gravity tractor concept is a proposed method to deflect an imminent asteroid impact through gravitational tugging over a time scale of years. In this study, we present mission scenarios and operational considerations for asteroid mitigation efforts involving multiple gravity tractors. We quantify the deflection performance improvement provided by a multiple gravity tractor campaign and assess its sensitivity to staggered launches. We next explore several proximity operation strategies to accommodate multiple gravity tractors at a single asteroid including formation-flying and mechanically-docked configurations. Finally, we utilize 99942 Apophis as an illustrative example to assess the performance of a multiple gravity tractor campaign. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - 99942 Apophis (Asteroid)
KW  - Asteroid deflection
KW  - Gravity tractor
KW  - Multiple spacecraft
N1  - Accession Number: 89133463; Foster, Cyrus 1,2; Email Address: cyrus.foster@nasa.gov Bellerose, Julie 1,3 Mauro, David 1,2 Jaroux, Belgacem 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 202-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, 615 National Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Carnegie Mellon University, Silicon Valley, NASA Research Park, Bldg. 23, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 90 Issue 1, p112; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Subject Term: 99942 Apophis (Asteroid); Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid deflection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity tractor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple spacecraft; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.10.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mélin, F
AU  - Holben, B N
AU  - Courcoux, Y
T1  - Validation of aerosol products derived from ocean colour in East African coastal waters.
JO  - African Journal of Marine Science
JF  - African Journal of Marine Science
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 35
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 351
EP  - 356
SN  - 1814232X
AB  - The aerosol products derived from the ocean colour missions SeaWiFS and MODIS (Aqua and Terra) were assessed with AERONET field measurements collected at sites in Mozambique (Inhaca) and Kenya (Malindi). The median of absolute relative differences between satellite and AERONET aerosol optical thickness τaat 443 nm varied between 12% and 22% for the different missions and sites. These differences tended to be higher at Malindi and for longer wavelengths. This analysis was supplemented by data collected offshore in the framework of the Maritime Aerosol Network. Results showed a general consistency between satellite missions and with global validation statistics. This suggests that the uncertainties associated with the atmospheric correction scheme and consequently with the distributions of ocean colour reflectance in the study area may be compared with those found in other regions. This result lends some confidence to the use of ocean colour data in the coastal waters of south-eastern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of African Journal of Marine Science is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - OCEAN color
KW  - TERRITORIAL waters
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - EAST Africa
KW  - AERONET
KW  - atmospheric correction
KW  - MODIS
KW  - SeaWiFS
N1  - Accession Number: 91674318; Mélin, F 1 Holben, B N 2 Courcoux, Y 3; Affiliation:  1: European Commission – Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, TP272, via Fermi, 2749,Ispra, 21027, Italy  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 8800 Greenbelt Road,Greenbelt, Maryland20771, USA  3: Observatoire de Physique de l'Atmosphère de la Réunion, Université de la Réunion, CNRS UMS 3365, 15, avenue René Cassin, BP7151,97715Saint Denis de la Réunion, France; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 35 Issue 3, p351; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: OCEAN color; Subject Term: TERRITORIAL waters; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: EAST Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric correction; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: SeaWiFS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2989/1814232X.2013.830577
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loth, Eric
AU  - Titchener, Neil
AU  - Babinsky, Holger
AU  - Povinelli, Louis
T1  - Canonical Normal Shock Wave/Boundary-Layer Interaction Flows Relevant to External Compression Inlets.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 51
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2208
EP  - 2217
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The normal shock wave/boundary-layer interaction is important to the operation and performance of a supersonic inlet, and the normal shock wave/boundary-layer interaction is particularly prominent in external compression inlets. To improve understanding of such interactions, it is helpful to make use of fundamental flows that capture the main elements of inlets, without resorting to the level of complexity and system integration associated with full-geometry inlets. In this paper, several fundamental flowfield configurations have been considered as possible test cases to represent the normal shock wave/boundary-layer interaction aspects found in typical external compression inlets, and it was found that the spillage diffuser more closely retains the basic flow features of an external compression inlet than the other configurations. In particular, this flowfield allows the normal shock Mach number as well as the amount and rate of subsonic diffusion to all be held approximately constant and independent of the application of flow control. In addition, a survey of several external compression inlets was conducted to quantify the flow and geometric parameters of the spillage diffuser relevant to actual inlets. The results indicated that such a flow may be especially relevant if the terminal Mach number is about 1.3 to 1.4, the confinement parameter is around 10%, and the width is around twice or three times the height. In addition, the area expansion downstream of the shock should be limited to the conservative side of incipient stall based on incompressible diffusers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 90027256; Loth, Eric 1,2 Titchener, Neil 3,4 Babinsky, Holger 2,3 Povinelli, Louis 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 2290  2: Associate Fellow AIAA  3: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England CB2 1PZ, United Kingdom  4: Student Member AIAA  5: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 51 Issue 9, p2208; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: MACH number; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052175
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Correia, S.
AU  - Duchêne, G.
AU  - Reipurth, B.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
AU  - Daemgen, S.
AU  - Petr-Gotzens, M. G.
AU  - Köhler, R.
AU  - Ratzka, Th.
AU  - Aspin, C.
AU  - Konopacky, Q. M.
AU  - Ghez, A. M.
T1  - Stellar and circumstellar properties of visual binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 557
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Our general understanding of multiple star and planet formation is primarily based on observations of young multiple systems in low density regions like Tau-Aur and Oph. Since many, if not most, of the stars are born in clusters, observational constraints from young binaries in those environments are fundamental for understanding both the formation of multiple systems and planets in multiple systems throughout the Galaxy. Aims. We build upon the largest survey for young binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC), which is based on Hubble Space Telescope observations to derive both stellar and circumstellar properties of newborn binary systems in this cluster environment. Methods. We present adaptive optics spatially-resolved JHKL'-band photometry and K-band R ~ 5000 spectra for a sample of eight ONC binary systems from this database. We characterize the stellar properties of binary components and obtain a census of protoplanetary disks through K - L' color excess. For a combined sample of ONC binaries including 7 additional systems with NIR spectroscopy from the literature, we derive mass ratio and relative age distributions. We compare the stellar and circumstellar properties of binaries in ONC with those in Tau-Aur and Oph from samples of binaries with stellar properties derived for each component from spectra and/or visual photometry and with a disk census obtained through K - L color excess. Results. The mass ratio distribution of ONC binaries is found to be indistinguishable from that of Tau-Aur and, to some extent, to that of Oph in the separation range 85-560 AU and for primary mass in the range 0.15 to 0.8 M☉. A trend toward a lower mass ratio with larger separation is suggested in ONC binaries, which is not seen in Tau-Aur binaries. The components of ONC binaries are found to be significantly more coeval than the overall ONC population and as coeval as components of binaries in Tau-Aur and Oph. There is a hint of a larger fraction of mixed pairs, i.e. systems with a disk around only one component, in wide ONC binaries in comparison to wide binaries in Tau-Aur and Oph within the same primary mass range that could be caused by hierarchical triples. The mass ratio distributions of mixed and unmixed pairs in the overall population of T Tauri binaries are shown to be different. Some of these trends require confirmation with observations of a larger sample of binary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - GALAXIES -- Formation
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
KW  - techniques: high angular resolution
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90587883; Correia, S. 1,2; Email Address: sergeco@gmail.com Duchêne, G. 3,4 Reipurth, B. 5,6 Zinnecker, H. 1,7,8 Daemgen, S. 9,10 Petr-Gotzens, M. G. 9 Köhler, R. 11,12 Ratzka, Th. 13 Aspin, C. 5 Konopacky, Q. M. 14 Ghez, A. M. 15,16; Affiliation:  1: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 34 Ohia Ku Street, Pukalani, HI 96768, USA  3: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  4: UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France  5: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 640 N. Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  6: NASA Astrobiology Institute  7: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 29, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany  8: SOFIA Science Center, NASA-Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: European Southern Observatory, Karl Schwartzschild Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany  10: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada  11: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  12: Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Königstuhl, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  13: Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 München, Germany  14: Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto M5S 3H4, Ontario, Canada  15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  16: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 557 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Formation; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: high angular resolution; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201220681
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schnülle, K.
AU  - Pott, J.-U.
AU  - Rix, H.-W.
AU  - Decarli, R.
AU  - Peterson, B. M.
AU  - Vacca, W.
T1  - Dust physics in the nucleus of NGC 4151.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 557
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The unified model of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) presumes the existence of a so-called dusty torus around the outer edge of the broad-line region. Despite the solid observational evidence for the existence of dust around AGNs and our growing information on the characteristic scales of these obscuring tori, the origin of this dust and its morphology are not yet well understood. Using dust reverberation mapping, we monitor the effects of AGN continuum variability to determine the temperature and covering factor of the circumnuclear dust, in order to constrain the physical conditions for dust survival and formation in the radiation field of the AGN. Multi-band photometry observations in the z, Y, J, H, and K bands were carried out on the nucleus of the prototypical Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151 over six epochs from 2010 January to June, supported by spectroscopic observations, in order to investigate the response of the hot dust to varying accretion disk emission. Our data confirm that most of the hot dust reacts to increased radiation from the central source with a delayed brightening of ~50 days. In accretion disk brightening, we see no signatures of dust destruction in our data. The innermost dust appears to increase in temperature rather than sublimate, suggesting that it is cooler than sublimation temperature and located beyond the current sublimation radius. We characterize the dust geometry by interpreting the wavelength-dependent reverberation response with a simplified torus model, pointing to a static radially extended distribution of the central (~0.1 pc) hot dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - TORUS (Geometry)
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - galaxies: individual: NGC 4151
KW  - galaxies: nuclei
KW  - galaxies: Seyfert
KW  - infrared: galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 90587972; Schnülle, K. 1; Email Address: schnuelle@mpia.de Pott, J.-U. 1 Rix, H.-W. 1 Decarli, R. 1 Peterson, B. M. 2 Vacca, W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W 18th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  3: SOFIA-University Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 557 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: TORUS (Geometry); Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: active; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: individual: NGC 4151; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: Seyfert; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201321802
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
T1  - Separating mixtures of aerosol types in airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar data.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 8269
EP  - 8309
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Knowledge of aerosol type is important for source attribution and for determining the magnitude and assessing the consequences of aerosol radiative forcing. However, atmospheric aerosol is frequently not a single pure type, but instead occurs as a mixture of types, and this mixing affects the optical and radiative properties of the aerosol. This paper extends the work of earlier researchers by using the aerosol intensive parameters measured by the NASA Langley Research Center airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) to develop a comprehensive and unified set of rules for characterizing the external mixing of several key aerosol intensive parameters: extinction to-backscatter ratio (i.e. lidar ratio), backscatter color ratio, and depolarization ratio. We present the mixing rules in a particularly simple form that leads easily to mixing rules for the covariance matrices that describe aerosol distributions, rather than just scalar values of measured parameters. These rules can be applied to infer mixing ratios from the lidar-observed aerosol parameters, even for cases without significant depolarization. We demonstrate our technique with measurement curtains from three HSRL-1 flights which exhibit mixing between two aerosol types, urban pollution plus dust, marine plus dust, and smoke plus marine. For these cases, we infer a time-height cross-section of mixing ratio along the flight track, and partition aerosol extinction into portions attributed to the two pure types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - DEPOLARIZATION (Cytology)
KW  - CROSS-sectional method
KW  - POLLUTION
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
N1  - Accession Number: 91837437; Burton, S. P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov Vaughan, M. A. 1 Ferrare, R. A. 1 Hostetler, C. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 6 Issue 5, p8269; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: DEPOLARIZATION (Cytology); Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: POLLUTION; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Number of Pages: 41p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-6-8269-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91837437&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KAYE, JACK
T1  - UNDERSTANDING THE EARTH SYSTEM: GLOBAL CHANGE SCIENCE FOR APPLICATION.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 94
IS  - 9
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 1415
EP  - 1416
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article reviews the book "Understanding the Earth System: Global Change Science for Application," edited by Sarah E. Cornell, I. Colin Prentice, Joanna I. House, and Catherine J. Downy.
KW  - EARTH system science
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - CORNELL, Sarah E.
KW  - PRENTICE, I. Colin
KW  - HOUSE, Joanna I.
KW  - DOWNY, Catherine J.
KW  - UNDERSTANDING the Earth System: Global Change Science for Application (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 91531500; KAYE, JACK 1; Affiliation:  1: Associate director for research, Earth Science Division of NASA's Science Mission Directorate; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 94 Issue 9, p1415; Subject Term: EARTH system science; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: UNDERSTANDING the Earth System: Global Change Science for Application (Book); People: CORNELL, Sarah E.; People: PRENTICE, I. Colin; People: HOUSE, Joanna I.; People: DOWNY, Catherine J.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brady, A. L.
AU  - Druschel, G.
AU  - Leoni, L.
AU  - Lim, D. S. S.
AU  - Slater, G. F.
T1  - Isotopic biosignatures in carbonate-rich, cyanobacteria-dominated microbial mats of the Cariboo Plateau, B.C.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 11
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 456
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Photosynthetic activity in carbonate-rich benthic microbial mats located in saline, alkaline lakes on the Cariboo Plateau, B.C. resulted in p CO2 below equilibrium and δ13 CDIC values up to +6.0‰ above predicted carbon dioxide ( CO2) equilibrium values, representing a biosignature of photosynthesis. Mat-associated δ13 Ccarb values ranged from ~4 to 8‰ within any individual lake, with observations of both enrichments (up to 3.8‰) and depletions (up to 11.6‰) relative to the concurrent dissolved inorganic carbon ( DIC). Seasonal and annual variations in δ13 C values reflected the balance between photosynthetic 13 C-enrichment and heterotrophic inputs of 13 C-depleted DIC. Mat microelectrode profiles identified oxic zones where δ13 Ccarb was within 0.2‰ of surface DIC overlying anoxic zones associated with sulphate reduction where δ13 Ccarb was depleted by up to 5‰ relative to surface DIC reflecting inputs of 13 C-depleted DIC. δ13 C values of sulphate reducing bacteria biomarker phospholipid fatty acids ( PLFA) were depleted relative to the bulk organic matter by ~4‰, consistent with heterotrophic synthesis, while the majority of PLFA had larger offsets consistent with autotrophy. Mean δ13 Corg values ranged from −18.7 ± 0.1 to −25.3 ± 1.0‰ with mean Δ13 Cinorg-org values ranging from 21.1 to 24.2‰, consistent with non- CO2-limited photosynthesis, suggesting that Precambrian δ13 Corg values of ~−26‰ do not necessitate higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Rather, it is likely that the high DIC and carbonate content of these systems provide a non-limiting carbon source allowing for expression of large photosynthetic offsets, in contrast to the smaller offsets observed in saline, organic-rich and hot spring microbial mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - MICROBIOLOGICAL research
N1  - Accession Number: 89704137; Brady, A. L. 1 Druschel, G. 2 Leoni, L. 1 Lim, D. S. S. 3,4 Slater, G. F. 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University  2: Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: SETI Institute; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 11 Issue 5, p437; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGICAL research; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12050
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89704137&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corbett, Lee B.
AU  - Bierman, Paul R.
AU  - Graly, Joseph A.
AU  - Neumann, Thomas A.
AU  - Rood, Dylan H.
T1  - Constraining landscape history and glacial erosivity using paired cosmogenic nuclides in Upernavik, northwest Greenland.
JO  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
JF  - Geological Society of America Bulletin
Y1  - 2013/09//Sep/Oct2013
VL  - 125
IS  - 9-10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1539
EP  - 1553
SN  - 00167606
AB  - High-latitude landscape evolution processes have the potential to preserve old, relict surfaces through burial by cold-based, nonerosive glacial ice. To investigate landscape history and age in the high Arctic, we analyzed in situ cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in 33 rocks from Upernavik, northwest Greenland. We sampled adjacent bedrock-boulder pairs along a 100 km transect at elevations up to 1000 m above sea level. Bedrock samples gave significantly older apparent exposure ages than corresponding boulder samples, and minimum limiting ages increased with elevation. Two-isotope calculations (26Al/10Be) on 20 of the 33 samples yielded minimum limiting exposure durations up to 112 k.y., minimum limiting burial durations up to 900 k.y., and minimum limiting total histories up to 990 k.y. The prevalence of 10Be and 26Al inherited from previous periods of exposure, especially in bedrock samples at high elevation, indicates that these areas record long and complex surface exposure histories, including significant periods of burial with little subglacial erosion. The long total histories suggest that these high-elevation surfaces were largely preserved beneath cold-based, nonerosive ice or snowfields for at least the latter half of the Quaternary. Because of high concentrations of inherited nuclides, only the six youngest boulder samples appear to record the timing of ice retreat. These six samples suggest deglaciation of the Upernavik coast at 11.3 ± 0.5 ka (average ± 1 standard deviation). There is no difference in deglaciation age along the 100 km sample transect, indicating that the ice-marginal position retreated rapidly at rates of ~120 m yr-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geological Society of America Bulletin is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMOGENIC nuclides
KW  - SHIELDS (Geology)
KW  - NUCLIDES
KW  - ISOTOPES
N1  - Accession Number: 90002988; Corbett, Lee B. 1,2; Email Address: Ashley.Corbett.GR@dartmouth.edu Bierman, Paul R. 1 Graly, Joseph A. 1,3 Neumann, Thomas A. 1,4 Rood, Dylan H. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA  2: Department of Earth Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA  3: Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Cryospheric Sciences Branch, Greenbelt, Maryland 20770, USA  5: Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre (SUERC), East Kilbride G75 0QF, UK  6: Earth Research Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2013, Vol. 125 Issue 9-10, p1539; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMOGENIC nuclides; Subject Term: SHIELDS (Geology); Subject Term: NUCLIDES; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 6 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/B30813.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90002988&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Urata, Richard A.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - Simulations of the martian hydrologic cycle with a general circulation model: Implications for the ancient martian climate.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 226
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 250
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We use a general circulation model to simulate the martian hydrologic cycle. [•] Current observations of the annual water vapor and water–ice clouds are duplicated. [•] An ancient warm climate is achieved via greenhouse warming by clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - CIRCULATION models
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Climate
N1  - Accession Number: 90067101; Urata, Richard A. 1; Email Address: richard.urata@colorado.edu Toon, Owen B. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Building N245, Room 207, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Space Science Building (SPSC), University of Colorado Boulder, 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303-7813, United States  3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 226 Issue 1, p229; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: CIRCULATION models; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.05.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Urata, Richard A.
AU  - Toon, Owen B.
T1  - A new general circulation model for Mars based on the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 226
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 336
EP  - 354
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We introduce a new general circulation model for Mars. [•] Results are consistent with temperature, pressure, and boundary layer observations. [•] The model is freely available to interested users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCULATION models
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - NATIONAL Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 90067110; Urata, Richard A. 1; Email Address: richard.urata@colorado.edu Toon, Owen B. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Building N245, Room 207, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Space Science Building (SPSC), University of Colorado Boulder, 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303-7813, United States  3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 226 Issue 1, p336; Subject Term: CIRCULATION models; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.05.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90067110&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
T1  - Insolation on exoplanets with eccentricity and obliquity.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 226
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 760
EP  - 776
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Eccentricity and obliquity together complicate insolation patterns on exoplanets. [•] Spin–orbit resonances have profound effects on a planet’s climate and habitability. [•] Maximum, minimum, and mean insolation maps are shown for a variety of rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SPIN-orbit interactions (Physics)
KW  - MAXIMA & minima
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - ASTROMETEOROLOGY
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Resonances, Spin–orbit
KW  - Rotational dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 90067142; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 226 Issue 1, p760; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SPIN-orbit interactions (Physics); Subject Term: MAXIMA & minima; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: ASTROMETEOROLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances, Spin–orbit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational dynamics; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90067142&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reach, William T.
AU  - Kelley, Michael S.
AU  - Vaubaillon, Jeremie
T1  - Survey of cometary CO2, CO, and particulate emissions using the Spitzer Space Telescope.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 226
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 777
EP  - 797
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Imaged 23 comets using Spitzer Space Telescope in 3.6μm (dust) and 4.5μm (CO+CO2) filters. [•] Identify class of comets that is CO2-rich, with comparable CO2 and water ice. [•] Images show distinct CO2 morphologies including single and double jets, a loop, and spirals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - COMETS
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - SPIRALS
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Comets
KW  - Comets, Coma
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90067143; Reach, William T. 1; Email Address: wreach@sofia.usra.edu Kelley, Michael S. 2 Vaubaillon, Jeremie 3; Affiliation:  1: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Universities Space Research Association, MS 232-12, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States  3: Institut de Mécanique Céleste et de Calcul des Éphémérides, 77 avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014 Paris, France; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 226 Issue 1, p777; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: SPIRALS; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, Coma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90067143&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goguen, Jay D.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Nicholson, Phillip D.
AU  - Hedman, Matthew M.
AU  - Howell, Robert R.
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Lawrence, Kenneth J.
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Blackburn, David G.
T1  - The temperature and width of an active fissure on Enceladus measured with Cassini VIMS during the 14 April 2012 South Pole flyover.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 226
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1128
EP  - 1137
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Highest spatial resolution near-IR spectra of an erupting fissure on Enceladus. [•] Fissure temperature is 197K and fissure width is 9m. [•] Temperature measures interior fissure walls within 40m of surface. [•] Fissures with surface temperature exceeding 200K rapidly cool and widen. [•] Wider and cooler fissure models cannot supply the observed plume water vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENCELADUS (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - Enceladus
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Satellites, Surfaces
KW  - Saturn, Satellites
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90067169; Goguen, Jay D. 1; Email Address: Jay.D.Goguen@jpl.nasa.gov Buratti, Bonnie J. 1 Brown, Robert H. 2 Clark, Roger N. 3 Nicholson, Phillip D. 4 Hedman, Matthew M. 4 Howell, Robert R. 1,5 Sotin, Christophe 1 Cruikshank, Dale P. 6 Baines, Kevin H. 1 Lawrence, Kenneth J. 1 Spencer, John R. 7 Blackburn, David G. 8; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  2: University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States  3: US Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, United States  4: Astronomy Dept., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States  5: University of Wyoming, Dept. of Geology and Geophysics, Laramie, WY 82071, United States  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  7: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  8: The Planetary Institute for Space Research and Technologies, Lowell, AR 72745, United States; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 226 Issue 1, p1128; Subject Term: ENCELADUS (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enceladus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, Surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Satellites; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90067169&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fernández, Y.R.
AU  - Kelley, M.S.
AU  - Lamy, P.L.
AU  - Toth, I.
AU  - Groussin, O.
AU  - Lisse, C.M.
AU  - A’Hearn, M.F.
AU  - Bauer, J.M.
AU  - Campins, H.
AU  - Fitzsimmons, A.
AU  - Licandro, J.
AU  - Lowry, S.C.
AU  - Meech, K.J.
AU  - Pittichová, J.
AU  - Reach, W.T.
AU  - Snodgrass, C.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
T1  - Thermal properties, sizes, and size distribution of Jupiter-family cometary nuclei.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 226
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1138
EP  - 1170
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We show results from a Spitzer mid-IR survey of Jupiter-family (JF) comets. [•] We present 89 new radii and 57 new beaming parameters for the nuclei. [•] Mean beaming parameter is 1.03±0.11, so ensemble thermal inertia is low. [•] Our independent cumulative size distribution is similar to earlier work. [•] There are likely low-perihelion, large JF nuclei still undiscovered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOSPHERE
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - COMETARY nuclei
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - COMETS
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - Comets, Dust
KW  - Comets, Nucleus
KW  - Infrared observations
N1  - Accession Number: 90067170; Fernández, Y.R. 1; Email Address: yan@physics.ucf.edu Kelley, M.S. 2 Lamy, P.L. 3 Toth, I. 3,4 Groussin, O. 3 Lisse, C.M. 5 A’Hearn, M.F. 2 Bauer, J.M. 6 Campins, H. 1 Fitzsimmons, A. 7 Licandro, J. 8 Lowry, S.C. 9 Meech, K.J. 10 Pittichová, J. 6 Reach, W.T. 11 Snodgrass, C. 12 Weaver, H.A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2385, USA  2: Dept. of Astronomy, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA  3: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France  4: Konkoly Observatory MTA CSFK CSI, PO Box 67,  5: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Univ., 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd., Laurel, MD 20723, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  7: Astrophysics Research Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s Univ., Belfast BT7 1NN, UK  8: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, c/Via Lactea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Spain  9: School of Physical Sciences, Univ. of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK  10: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Institute for Astronomy, Univ. of Hawai‘i, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  11: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  12: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Plank-Str. 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 226 Issue 1, p1138; Subject Term: THERMOSPHERE; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: COMETARY nuclei; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, Nucleus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90067170&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Hong
AU  - Liu, Wei
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Kreupl, Franz
AU  - Banerjee, Kaustav
T1  - Low-Resistivity Long-Length Horizontal Carbon Nanotube Bundles for Interconnect Applications—Part I: Process Development.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 60
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2862
EP  - 2869
SN  - 00189383
AB  - Although horizontally-aligned carbon nanotube (HACNT) interconnects are the most common scenarios that have been modeled and analyzed in theoretical research, fabrication of HACNT test structures has remained an enigma until now. Through addressing several fabrication challenges, this paper reports a novel process that enables fabrication of high-density, long (over hundred microns), and thick (up to micrometer) HACNT interconnects. Furthermore, horizontal CNT-based 2-D Manhattan structure is demonstrated by properly designing the catalyst and flattening process. These structures are crucial for building angled interconnects and on-chip passive devices. In addition, to address the contact issue between metal and thick HACNT bundles, a multistep lithography combined with specifically designed metal deposition technique is performed to ensure full contact configuration. Using such a process, test structures with arrays of various sizes of HACNT bundle interconnects are fabricated. The process developed in this paper provides an important platform for future research and technology development of CNT-based interconnects and passive elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - LITHOGRAPHY
KW  - TECHNOLOGY
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
KW  - chemical vapor deposition
KW  - Conductivity
KW  - contact
KW  - Fabrication
KW  - horizontally aligned
KW  - interconnects
KW  - Lithography
KW  - Manhattan structure
KW  - Metals
KW  - resistivity
KW  - Silicon
KW  - Substrates
N1  - Accession Number: 89927284; Li, Hong 1 Liu, Wei 2 Cassell, Alan M. 3 Kreupl, Franz 4 Banerjee, Kaustav 2; Affiliation:  1: Emerging Memory Group, Micron Technology, Boise, ID, USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Department of Hybrid Electronic Systems, Technische Universität, München, Germany; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 60 Issue 9, p2862; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Subject Term: DENSITY; Subject Term: LITHOGRAPHY; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs); Author-Supplied Keyword: chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: contact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: horizontally aligned; Author-Supplied Keyword: interconnects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lithography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manhattan structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: resistivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2013.2275259
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89927284&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Hong
AU  - Liu, Wei
AU  - Cassell, Alan M.
AU  - Kreupl, Franz
AU  - Banerjee, Kaustav
T1  - Low-Resistivity Long-Length Horizontal Carbon Nanotube Bundles for Interconnect Applications—Part II: Characterization.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 60
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2870
EP  - 2876
SN  - 00189383
AB  - Due to the enormous challenges of fabricating long horizontally aligned carbon nanotube (HACNT) bundle interconnects, there exists little research on characterization of long HACNT interconnects. In this paper, taking advantage of our unique HACNT fabrication process outlined in the companion paper, the electrical and self-heating characterization of long HACNT bundles are reported. Negative temperature coefficients of resistance for both per unit length resistance and metal-CNT contact resistance are confirmed from measurements. This first report on the electrical and thermal characterization fills the wide gap between CNT interconnect modeling efforts and corresponding experimental efforts by providing many important extracted parameters that are critical in various modeling and analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology)
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Carbon nanotubes
KW  - characterization
KW  - Conductivity
KW  - Current density
KW  - Electrical resistance measurement
KW  - Fabrication
KW  - horizontally aligned
KW  - interconnects
KW  - Resistance
KW  - resistivity
KW  - self-heating
KW  - temperature coefficient of resistance
KW  - Temperature measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 89927282; Li, Hong 1 Liu, Wei 2 Cassell, Alan M. 3 Kreupl, Franz 4 Banerjee, Kaustav 2; Affiliation:  1: Emerging Memory Group, Micron Technology, Boise, ID, USA  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Department of Hybrid Electronic Systems, Technische Universität, München, Germany; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 60 Issue 9, p2870; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: INTERCONNECTS (Integrated circuit technology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Current density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical resistance measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: horizontally aligned; Author-Supplied Keyword: interconnects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: resistivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: self-heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature coefficient of resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature measurement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2013.2275258
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89927282&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charland, Katia M.
AU  - Buckeridge, David L.
AU  - Hoen, Anne G.
AU  - Berry, Jay G.
AU  - Elixhauser, Anne
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Brownstein, John S.
T1  - Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza-related hospitalizations in the United States.
JO  - Influenza & Other Respiratory Viruses
JF  - Influenza & Other Respiratory Viruses
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 718
EP  - 728
SN  - 17502640
AB  - Please cite this paper as: Charland et al.(2012) Relationship between community prevalence of obesity and associated behavioral factors and community rates of influenza-related hospitalizations in the United States. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12019. Background  Findings from studies examining the association between obesity and acute respiratory infection are inconsistent. Few studies have assessed the relationship between obesity-related behavioral factors, such as diet and exercise, and risk of acute respiratory infection. Objective  To determine whether community prevalence of obesity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity are associated with influenza-related hospitalization rates. Methods  Using data from 274 US counties, from 2002 to 2008, we regressed county influenza-related hospitalization rates on county prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30), low fruit/vegetable consumption (<5 servings/day), and physical inactivity (<30 minutes/month recreational exercise), while adjusting for community-level confounders such as insurance coverage and the number of primary care physicians per 100 000 population. Results  A 5% increase in obesity prevalence was associated with a 12% increase in influenza-related hospitalization rates [adjusted rate ratio (ARR) 1·12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·07, 1·17]. Similarly, a 5% increase in the prevalence of low fruit/vegetable consumption and physical inactivity was associated with an increase of 12% (ARR 1·12, 95% CI 1·08, 1·17) and 11% (ARR 1·11, 95% CI 1·07, 1·16), respectively. When all three variables were included in the same model, a 5% increase in prevalence of obesity, low fruit/vegetable consumption, and physical inactivity was associated with 6%, 8%, and 7% increases in influenza-related hospitalization rates, respectively. Conclusions  Communities with a greater prevalence of obesity were more likely to have high influenza-related hospitalization rates. Similarly, less physically active populations, with lower fruit/vegetable consumption, tended to have higher influenza-related hospitalization rates, even after accounting for obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Influenza & Other Respiratory Viruses is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFLUENZA
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - DISEASE prevalence
KW  - OBESITY
KW  - HOSPITAL care
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - Diet
KW  - exercise
KW  - influenza
KW  - influenza-like illness
KW  - obesity
N1  - Accession Number: 89854475; Charland, Katia M. 1,2,3,4 Buckeridge, David L. 3,4,5 Hoen, Anne G. 6 Berry, Jay G. 2 Elixhauser, Anne 7 Melton, Forrest 8,9 Brownstein, John S. 1,2,4; Affiliation:  1: Children's Hospital Informatics Program, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA  2: Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA  3: Surveillance Lab, McGill Clinical and Health Informatics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada  4: Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada  5: Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal, Direction de santé publique, Montreal, Canada  6: Department of Community and Family Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Lebanon, NH, USA  7: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD, USA  8: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Sunnyvale, CA, USA.; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p718; Subject Term: INFLUENZA; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: DISEASE prevalence; Subject Term: OBESITY; Subject Term: HOSPITAL care; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diet; Author-Supplied Keyword: exercise; Author-Supplied Keyword: influenza; Author-Supplied Keyword: influenza-like illness; Author-Supplied Keyword: obesity; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 7 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/irv.12019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89854475&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutliff, Daniel L.
AU  - Jones, Michael G.
AU  - Hartley, Thomas C.
T1  - High-Speed Turbofan Noise Reduction Using Foam-Metal Liner Over-the-Rotor.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/09//Sep/Oct2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1491
EP  - 1503
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A Williams International FJ44-3A turbofan engine was used to demonstrate the high-speed fan noise reduction potential of a foam-metal liner installed in close proximity to the fan rotor. The engine was tested in the NASA Glenn Research Center's Aeroacoustic Propulsion Laboratory. Two foam-metal liner designs were tested and compared to the hardwall baseline. Traditional single degree-of-freedom liner designs were also evaluated to provide a comparison to the state-of-the art design. This report presents the test setup and documents the test conditions. Far-field acoustic levels and limited engine performance results are also presented. The results show that the foam-metal liner achieved up to 5 dB of attenuation in the forward-quadrant radiated-acoustic power levels, which is equivalent to the traditional single degree-of-freedom liner design. Modest changes in engine performance were noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NOISE -- Research
KW  - ROTORS -- Dynamics
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
N1  - Accession Number: 91638992; Sutliff, Daniel L. 1,2 Jones, Michael G. 3,4 Hartley, Thomas C. 2,5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Senior Member AIAA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virgina 23681  4: Associate Fellow AIAA  5: Williams International, Walled Lake, Michigan 48390  6: Member AIAA; Source Info: Sep/Oct2013, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p1491; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NOISE -- Research; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91638992&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vernier, J.-P.
AU  - Fairlie, T. D.
AU  - Murray, J. J.
AU  - Tupper, A.
AU  - Trepte, C.
AU  - Winker, D.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Garnier, A.
AU  - Jumelet, J.
AU  - Pavolonis, M.
AU  - Omar, A. H.
AU  - Powell, K. A.
T1  - An Advanced System to Monitor the 3D Structure of Diffuse Volcanic Ash Clouds.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 52
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2125
EP  - 2138
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Major disruptions of the aviation system from recent volcanic eruptions have intensified discussions about and increased the international consensus toward improving volcanic ash warnings. Central to making progress is to better discern low volcanic ash loadings and to describe the ash cloud structure more accurately in three-dimensional space and time. Here, dispersed volcanic ash observed by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) space-based lidar near 20 000-40 000 ft [~(6-13) km] over Australia and New Zealand during June 2011 is studied. This ash event took place 3 weeks after the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle eruption, which disrupted air traffic in much of the Southern Hemisphere. The volcanic ash layers are shown to exhibit color ratios (1064/532 nm) near 0.5, significantly lower than unity, as is observed with ice. Those optical properties are used to develop an ash detection algorithm. A 'trajectory mapping' technique is then demonstrated wherein ash cloud observations are ingested into a Lagrangian model and used to construct ash dispersion maps and cross sections. Comparisons of the model results with independent observations suggest that the model successfully reproduces the 3D structure of volcanic ash clouds. This technique has a potential operational application in providing important additional information to worldwide volcanic ash advisory centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Transportation meteorology
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Civil Aviation Organization
N1  - Accession Number: 90243751; Vernier, J.-P. 1,2 Fairlie, T. D. 2 Murray, J. J. 2 Tupper, A. 3 Trepte, C. 2 Winker, D. 2 Pelon, J. 4 Garnier, A. 1,2,4 Jumelet, J. 4 Pavolonis, M. 5 Omar, A. H. 2 Powell, K. A. 2; Affiliation:  1: * Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Northern Territory Regional Office, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia  4: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, CNRS-INSU, Université de Versailles St. Quentin, Université de Paris 6, Paris, France  5: NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Madison, Wisconsin; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 52 Issue 9, p2125; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transportation meteorology; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Civil Aviation Organization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0279.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90243751&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wendt, Verena
AU  - Wüst, Sabine
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Russell, James M.
AU  - Yee, Jeng-Hwa
AU  - Bittner, Michael
T1  - Impact of atmospheric variability on validation of satellite-based temperature measurements.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 252
EP  - 260
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: Satellite validation is often based on straight forward comparison of satellite-based data with non-satellite based measurements. For functional reasons satellite and reference measurements do usually not correspond exactly in time and space. Dynamical effects in the atmosphere lead to temporal and spatial variability of atmospheric parameters (e.g. temperature). This causes considerable differences that do not necessarily hint to an incorrect satellite measurement, so called mistime and misdistance errors. In this paper, the natural variability of the atmosphere is studied on scales effecting validation measurements. The approach is applied to temperature data from the ERA-40 reanalysis as well as to radiosonde (SIGMA-1) and satellite-based (SABER) measurements. Mistime and misdistance errors are quantified in dependence of geographic position, altitude, season and the temporal and spatial mismatch. The results allow a quantitative estimation of the impact of natural variability on validation analyses. In general, values lie in the range of a few Kelvin (e.g. up to 5K for 500km misdistance or 6h mistime in the stratosphere), which indicates considerable effects on validation results. The determined results also point out regions in the atmosphere where the impact of natural variability is in general relatively high (e.g. the winter stratosphere in mid-latitudes) or rather low (e.g. the lower summer stratosphere). Altitudes, which are characterized systematically by only small mismatch errors, are indicated at about 10 and 25km, respectively. These quiet layers are of special interest for validation activities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature measurements
KW  - SPACE & time
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - Coincidence
KW  - Mismatch error
KW  - Natural variability
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 89616225; Wendt, Verena 1,2; Email Address: verena.wendt@dlr.de Wüst, Sabine 2 Mlynczak, Martin G. 3 Russell, James M. 4 Yee, Jeng-Hwa 5 Bittner, Michael 2,6; Affiliation:  1: Umweltforschungsstation Schneefernerhaus, Zugspitze, Germany  2: DLR, German Remote Sensing Data Center, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA  4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton, USA  5: Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland, USA  6: Institute of Physics, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 102, p252; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature measurements; Subject Term: SPACE & time; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coincidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mismatch error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Natural variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.05.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89616225&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosario-Castro, Belinda I.
AU  - Contés-de Jesús, Enid J.
AU  - Lebrón-Colón, Marisabel
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
AU  - González-González, Ileana
AU  - Cabrera, Carlos R.
T1  - Electrochemical lithium intercalation at single-wall carbon nanotubes chemically attached to 4-aminothiophenol modified platinum electrodes.
JO  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 704
M3  - Article
SP  - 242
EP  - 248
SN  - 15726657
AB  - Highlights: [•] Electrochemical stability of single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) modified Pt electrodes. [•] Li charging/discharging at SWCNT/4-aminothiophenol/Pt electrodes. [•] SWCNT/4-aminothiophenol/Pt higher Li charge density than graphite electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LITHIUM
KW  - CLATHRATE compounds
KW  - SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes
KW  - THIOPHENOL
KW  - PLATINUM electrodes
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL electrodes
KW  - 4-Aminothiophenol
KW  - Lithium intercalation
KW  - Platinum electrodes
KW  - Single wall carbon nanotubes
N1  - Accession Number: 90012482; Rosario-Castro, Belinda I. 1 Contés-de Jesús, Enid J. 1 Lebrón-Colón, Marisabel 2 Meador, Michael A. 2 González-González, Ileana 1 Cabrera, Carlos R. 1; Email Address: carlos.cabrera2@upr.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and NASA-URC Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, United States  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 704, p242; Subject Term: LITHIUM; Subject Term: CLATHRATE compounds; Subject Term: SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes; Subject Term: THIOPHENOL; Subject Term: PLATINUM electrodes; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: 4-Aminothiophenol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lithium intercalation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Platinum electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single wall carbon nanotubes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.06.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gladding, Patrick A.
AU  - Cave, Andrew
AU  - Zareian, Mehran
AU  - Smith, Kevin
AU  - Hussan, Jagir
AU  - Hunter, Peter
AU  - Erogbogbo, Folarin
AU  - Aguilar, Zoraida
AU  - Martin, David S.
AU  - Chan, Eugene
AU  - Homer, Margie L.
AU  - Shevade, Abhijit V.
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
AU  - Thomas, James D.
AU  - Schlegel, Todd T.
T1  - Open Access Integrated Therapeutic and Diagnostic Platforms for Personalized Cardiovascular Medicine.
JO  - Journal of Personalized Medicine
JF  - Journal of Personalized Medicine
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 3
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 237
SN  - 20754426
AB  - It is undeniable that the increasing costs in healthcare are a concern. Although technological advancements have been made in healthcare systems, the return on investment made by governments and payers has been poor. The current model of care is unsustainable and is due for an upgrade. In developed nations, a law of diminishing returns has been noted in population health standards, whilst in the developing world, westernized chronic illnesses, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease have become emerging problems. The reasons for these trends are complex, multifactorial and not easily reversed. Personalized medicine has the potential to have a significant impact on these issues, but for it to be truly successful, interdisciplinary mass collaboration is required. We propose here a vision for open-access advanced analytics for personalized cardiac diagnostics using imaging, electrocardiography and genomics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Personalized Medicine is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MEDICAL care costs
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR diseases -- Treatment
KW  - INDIVIDUALIZED medicine
KW  - MOLECULAR genetics
KW  - echocardiography
KW  - electrocardiography
KW  - genomics
KW  - personalized medicine
KW  - pharmacogenomics
N1  - Accession Number: 90500673; Gladding, Patrick A. 1,2; Email Address: patrickg@theranosticslab.com Cave, Andrew 2; Email Address: andrew.cave@waitematadhb.govt.nz Zareian, Mehran 1,2; Email Address: mehran.zareian@waitematadhb.govt.nz Smith, Kevin 1,2; Email Address: kevin.smith@waitematadhb.govt.nz Hussan, Jagir 3; Email Address: r.jagir@auckland.ac.nz Hunter, Peter 3; Email Address: p.hunter@auckland.ac.nz Erogbogbo, Folarin 4; Email Address: erogbogbo@gmail.com Aguilar, Zoraida 5; Email Address: zapaguilar@yahoo.com Martin, David S. 6; Email Address: david.s.martin@nasa.gov Chan, Eugene 7; Email Address: echan@dnamedinstitute.com Homer, Margie L. 8; Email Address: margie.l.homer@jpl.nasa.gov Shevade, Abhijit V. 8; Email Address: abhijit.v.shevade@jpl.nasa.gov Kassemi, Mohammad 9; Email Address: mohammad.kassemi@nasa.gov Thomas, James D. 10; Email Address: thomasj@ccf.org Schlegel, Todd T. 11; Email Address: ttschlegel@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Theranostics Laboratory Ltd, North Shore Hospital, Private Bag 93503, Auckland 0622, New Zealand  2: Waitemata District Health Board, North Shore Hospital, Private Bag 93503, Auckland 0622, New Zealand  3: Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand  4: Institute for Lasers, Photonics and Biophotonics, 428 Natural Science Complex, University at Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA  5: Ocean NanoTech, 2143 Worth Lane, Springdale, AR 72764, USA  6: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, 1200 Hercules, Houston, TX 77058, USA  7: DNA Medicine Institute, 727 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  10: National Space Biomedical Research Institute, 6500 Main Street, Suite 910, Houston, TX 77030-1402, USA  11: NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Pkwy, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 3 Issue 3, p203; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR diseases -- Treatment; Subject Term: INDIVIDUALIZED medicine; Subject Term: MOLECULAR genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: echocardiography; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrocardiography; Author-Supplied Keyword: genomics; Author-Supplied Keyword: personalized medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: pharmacogenomics; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/jpm3030203
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90500673&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yih-Kanq Chen
AU  - Tahir Gökçen
T1  - Effect of Nonequilibrium Surface Thermochemistry in Simulation of Carbon-Based Ablators.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/09//Sep/Oct2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 917
EP  - 926
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This study demonstrates that coupling of a material thermal-response code and a flow solver using a nonequilibrium gas/surface-interaction model provides time-accurate solutions for the multidimensional ablation of carbon-based charring ablators. The material thermal-response code used in this study is the two-dimensional implicit thermal response and ablation program, which predicts the charring-material thermal response and shape change on hypersonic space vehicles. Its governing equations include total energy balance, pyrolysis-gas mass conservation, and a three-component decomposition model. The flow code solves the reacting Navier--Stokes equations using the data-parallel-line-relaxation method. Loose coupling between the material-response and flow codes is performed by solving the surface mass balance in the flow code and the surface energy balance in the material-response code. Thus, the material surface recession is predicted by finite rate gas/surface-interaction boundary conditions implemented in the flow code, and the surface temperature and the pyrolysis-gas injection rate are computed in the material-response code. Two sets of nonequilibrium gas/surface-interaction chemistry between air and the carbon surface are studied. Coupled fluid-material-response analyses of stagnation tests conducted at the NASA Ames Research Center arcjet facilities are considered. The ablating material used in these arcjet tests was phenolic impregnated carbon ablator. Computational predictions of in-depth material thermal response and surface recession are in excellent agreement with the data for conditions in which carbon recession rate is limited by species diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - MASS budget (Geophysics)
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - DATA
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 91565775; Yih-Kanq Chen 1 Tahir Gökçen 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Sep/Oct2013, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p917; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: MASS budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Subject Term: DATA; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32451
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Hollingsworth, Kevin E.
T1  - Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Heating on Mid Lift-to-Drag Ratio Entry Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/09//Sep/Oct2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 937
EP  - 949
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The boundary-layer transition characteristics and convective aeroheating levels on mid lift-to-drag ratio entry vehicle configurations have been studied through wind-tunnel testing. Several configurations were investigated, including elliptically blunted cylinders with both circular and elliptically flattened cross sections, biconic geometries based on launch vehicle dual-use shrouds, and parametrically optimized analytic geometries. Vehicles of this class have been proposed for high-mass Mars missions, such as sample return and crewed exploration, for which the conventional sphere-cone entry-vehicle geometries of previous Mars missions are insufficient. Testing was conducted at Mach 6 over a range of Reynolds numbers sufficient to generate laminar, transitional, and turbulent flow. Transition onset locations, both straight-line and cross-flow, and heating rates were obtained through global phosphor thermography. Supporting computations were performed to obtain heating rates for comparison with the data. Laminar data and predictions agreed to well within the experimental uncertainty. Fully turbulent data and predictions also agreed well. However, in transitional flow regions, greater differences were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYLINDERS (Engines)
KW  - SHROUDS (Engineering)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Testing
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 91565777; Hollis, Brian R. 1 Hollingsworth, Kevin E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Computing, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep/Oct2013, Vol. 50 Issue 5, p937; Subject Term: CYLINDERS (Engines); Subject Term: SHROUDS (Engineering); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Testing; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32458
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science- XXI: Donald Burnett.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1715
EP  - 1732
SN  - 10869379
AB  - In this interview, Donald Burnett (Fig. 1) describes how he applied to the University of Chicago, with considerable support from his father, where he took classes from Harold Urey and was inspired by Ed Anders to pursue a career in nuclear chemistry and, later, cosmochemistry. As a graduate student at the University of California at Berkeley, Don learned to use charged-particle tracks as a detector for radioactive nuclei, a technique that he applied to a wide variety of problems over the next 20 years, including the neutron profile probe that was deployed on the Moon. After a one-year postdoc with William Fowler at the California Institute of Technology, he became involved with Jerry Wasserburg, who ultimately obtained a faculty position for him in the Geology Division. Since then, Don has worked on a number of fundamental problems in cosmochemistry, chronology of the solar system, the initial Pu/U abundance, fractionation of U and Pu in igneous processes, and elemental abundances. This last interest led him to advocate, propose, and lead the Genesis space mission to collect and return samples of the solar wind. The crash of the return capsule caused alarm, but some aspects of the mission were unaffected and others have been successfully handled, so that several major new results have been published: the lack of an SEP component in lunar samples, the Ne and Ar composition of the solar wind, and, most importantly, the oxygen and nitrogen isotopic composition of the Sun. Don received the Leonard Medal in 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITICS
KW  - MOON
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - NEUTRONS
KW  - BURNETT, Donald
N1  - Accession Number: 90502598; Sears, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p1715; Subject Term: METEORITICS; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; People: BURNETT, Donald; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12180
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral Histories in Meteoritics and Planetary Science- XXIII: Dieter Stöffler.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 48
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1733
EP  - 1751
SN  - 10869379
AB  - In this interview, Dieter Stöffler (Fig. 1) describes how his interest in meteorites and impact craters dates from his Ph.D. studies at the University of Tübingen when it was learned that the Ries crater was formed by impact. A paper by Dieter's advisor, Wolf von Engelhardt, also triggered an interest in meteorites. After graduation, Dieter helped to establish a laboratory for high pressure mineralogy and he examined rocks from the Ries crater, which led to the concept of progressive shock metamorphism. The group also worked on newly returned Apollo samples and guided astronauts over the crater. A year at the NASA Ames Research Center taught Dieter about experimental impact research with a light-gas gun. After a few more years at Tübingen, Dieter obtained a professorship at the University of Münster where he created the Institute of Planetology, got involved in planning space missions including comet sample return, and continued high pressure mineralogy in collaboration with colleagues in Freiburg. Through several decades of research, Dieter and colleagues have documented the effects of shock on all the major rock-forming minerals and devised widely accepted schemes for the classification of shocked rocks. After the unification of Germany, Dieter became Director of the Natural History Museum in Berlin, during which he made much progress rebuilding the laboratories and the collections. Dieter also helped to create a museum and research center in the Ries crater. He received the Barringer Award of the Meteoritical Society in 1994 and several prestigious awards in Germany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITICS
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - METAMORPHISM (Geology)
KW  - GERMANY
N1  - Accession Number: 90502587; Sears, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center/Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 48 Issue 9, p1733; Subject Term: METEORITICS; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: METAMORPHISM (Geology); Subject Term: GERMANY; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12179
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - García-Ricard, Omar J.
AU  - Meza-Morales, Paul
AU  - Silva-Martínez, Juan C.
AU  - Curet-Arana, Maria C.
AU  - Hogan, John A.
AU  - Hernández-Maldonado, Arturo J.
T1  - Carbon dioxide storage and sustained delivery by Cu2(pzdc)2L [L=dipyridyl-based ligand] pillared-layer porous coordination networks.
JO  - Microporous & Mesoporous Materials
JF  - Microporous & Mesoporous Materials
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 177
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 58
SN  - 13871811
AB  - Highlights: [•] 1D coordination polymers are promising materials for CO2 storage and delivery. [•] CPL-n MOFs show superior volumetric-based capacities and diffusion kinetics. [•] CPL-n based system provided 500% increase in CO2 delivery time at moderate pressures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microporous & Mesoporous Materials is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON sequestration
KW  - COPPER compounds
KW  - LIGANDS
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - COORDINATION polymers
KW  - METAL-organic frameworks
KW  - VOLUMETRIC analysis
KW  - DIFFUSION -- Kinetics
KW  - Carbon dioxide delivery
KW  - Carbon dioxide storage
KW  - Metal-organic frameworks
KW  - Pillared-layer structure
KW  - Porous coordination polymers
N1  - Accession Number: 89478971; García-Ricard, Omar J. 1 Meza-Morales, Paul 1 Silva-Martínez, Juan C. 1 Curet-Arana, Maria C. 1 Hogan, John A. 2 Hernández-Maldonado, Arturo J. 1; Email Address: arturoj.hernandez@upr.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez Campus, Mayaguez, PR 00681 9000, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 1000, United States; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 177, p54; Subject Term: CARBON sequestration; Subject Term: COPPER compounds; Subject Term: LIGANDS; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: COORDINATION polymers; Subject Term: METAL-organic frameworks; Subject Term: VOLUMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: DIFFUSION -- Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide delivery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal-organic frameworks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pillared-layer structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous coordination polymers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.micromeso.2013.04.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ebbets, Dennis
AU  - Stewart, Chris
AU  - Spuhler, Peter
AU  - Atcheson, Paul
AU  - Van Cleve, Jeffrey
AU  - Bryson, Stephen
AU  - Clarkson, Andrew
AU  - Barentine, John
T1  - Telescope with 100 square degree field-of-view for NASA's Kepler mission.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 52
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 00913286
AB  - Kepler is NASA's first space mission dedicated to the study of exoplanets. The primary scientific goal is statistical--to estimate the frequency of planetary systems associated with sun-like stars, especially the detection of earth-size planets in the habitable zones. Kepler was launched into an Earth-trailing heliocentric "drift-away" orbit (period ¼ 372 days) inMarch 2009. The instrument detects the faint photometric signals of transits of planets across the stellar disks of those systems with orbital planes fortuitously oriented in our line of sight. Since the probability of such alignments is small, Kepler must observe a large number of stars. In fact, Kepler is monitoring approximately 150,000 stars with a 30-min cadence. The scientific goals led to the choice of a classical Schmidt telescope, and requirements on field-of-view, throughput, spectral bandpass, image quality, scattered light, thermal and opto-mechanical stability, and in-flight adjustment authority. We review the measurement requirements, telescope design, prelaunch integration, alignment, and test program, and we describe the in-flight commissioning that optimized the performance. The stability of the flight system has enabled increasing recognition of small effects and sophistication in data processing algorithms. Astrophysical noise arising from intrinsic stellar variability is now the dominant term in the photometric error budget. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - SPACE probes
KW  - SCHMIDT telescopes
KW  - PHOTOMETERS
KW  - exoplanets
KW  - Kepler mission
KW  - photometer
KW  - Schmidt telescope
KW  - space telescope
KW  - transits
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 92988341; Ebbets, Dennis 1; Email Address: debbets@ball.com Stewart, Chris 1 Spuhler, Peter 1 Atcheson, Paul 1 Van Cleve, Jeffrey 2 Bryson, Stephen 2 Clarkson, Andrew 3 Barentine, John 4; Affiliation:  1: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., 1600 Commerce Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035  3: L-3 Integrated Optical Systems, 4040 Lakeside Drive, Richmond, California 94806  4: ThAcEnWIN LLC, 5818 Elgin Street, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 52 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: SPACE probes; Subject Term: SCHMIDT telescopes; Subject Term: PHOTOMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: exoplanets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kepler mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: photometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Schmidt telescope; Author-Supplied Keyword: space telescope; Author-Supplied Keyword: transits; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1117/1.OE.52.9.091808
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92988341&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
AU  - Pollard, W.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Marinova, M.M.
AU  - Davila, A.
AU  - Williams, K.E.
AU  - Lacelle, D.
AU  - Andersen, D.T.
T1  - The high elevation Dry Valleys in Antarctica as analog sites for subsurface ice on Mars.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 58
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The high elevation valleys of the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the only locations on Earth known to contain dry permafrost. The Dry Valleys are a hyper-arid polar desert environment and above 1500m elevation, air temperatures do not exceed 0°C and thus, similarly to Mars, liquid water is largely absent and instead the hydrologic cycle is dominated by frozen ice and vapor phase processes such as sublimation. These conditions make the high elevation Dry Valleys a key Mars analog location where periglacial processes and geomorphic features, and their use as a diagnostic for subsurface ice, can be studied in situ. Two valleys in the upper Dry Valleys show a diversity of subsurface ice; University Valley is dominated by dry permafrost overlying ice-cemented to ice-bonded ground and nearby middle Beacon Valley is dominated by massive ground ice. In both cases the ice is 10–60cm below the surface. Here we compare the surface features in these two valleys to assess any correlation with the nature of the subsurface ice and compare these features to similar features seen at the Phoenix landing site on Mars. We conclude that while surface features may be indicative of ground ice, no specific correlations are possible and more direct methods are required to determine the nature of subsurface ice on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALOG data
KW  - UNDERGROUND areas
KW  - ICE
KW  - PERMAFROST
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - ANTARCTICA
KW  - Antarctica
KW  - Drilling
KW  - Ice
KW  - Mars
KW  - Polar regions
N1  - Accession Number: 89897775; Heldmann, J.L. 1; Email Address: Jennifer.Heldmann@nasa.gov Pollard, W. 2 McKay, C.P. 1 Marinova, M.M. 1,3 Davila, A. 1,4 Williams, K.E. 1,5 Lacelle, D. 6 Andersen, D.T. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: McGill University, Department of Geography, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2T5  3: BAER Institute, 560 Third St. West Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94041, USA  5: Montana State University, Department of Earth Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA  6: Ottawa University, Department of Geography, Ottawa, Canada K1N 6N5; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 85, p53; Subject Term: ANALOG data; Subject Term: UNDERGROUND areas; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: PERMAFROST; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Subject Term: ANTARCTICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drilling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar regions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.05.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89897775&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nna-Mvondo, Delphine
AU  - de la Fuente, José L.
AU  - Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta
AU  - Khare, Bishun
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Thermal characterization of Titan's tholins by simultaneous TG–MS, DTA, DSC analysis.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 288
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Three samples of Titan's tholins synthesized in laboratory under simulated Titan's conditions and presenting different degrees of exposure to ambient atmosphere have been used to study in detail their thermal behavior using thermogravimetry coupled with a mass spectrometer (TG–MS), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degradation of Titan's tholins under inert atmosphere follows a three-step consecutive decomposition: a drying stage (>150°C) where moisture is desorbed, this stage indicated the high hydrophilicity of the tholins; a second stage, the main pyrolysis stage (150–575°C) where endothermic decomposition begins releasing mainly ammonia, HCN, acetonitrile, and methane over a broad temperature range. Few other hydrocarbon fragments such as ethylene and propane are released but no cyclic molecules, aliphatic or aromatic, are observed. The last stage (>575°C) is the carbonization of the material leading to a non-crystalline graphitic residue. The thermal degradation under oxygen atmosphere shows the same stages as in argon, with a shift of the thermogravimetric peaks toward lower temperatures indicating a lower thermal stability. The last stage in this case is an oxidative combustion of the char residue. This research concludes that even if Titan tholins, subjected to air contamination for few minutes to several years (varying with the storage conditions) transform to produce different C/N and C/O ratios and thermal stabilities, they undergo the same thermal degradation phases and products. This suggests that the studied three tholins have a similar main chemical structure which does not alter by the air exposure. We discuss on the possible nature of this structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - MASS spectrometers
KW  - ENDOTHERMIC reactions
KW  - METHANE
KW  - Chemical structure
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Thermal degradation
KW  - Thermogravimetry
KW  - Tholin
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 89897792; Nna-Mvondo, Delphine 1; Email Address: delphine.nnamvondo@univ-nantes.fr de la Fuente, José L. 2 Ruiz-Bermejo, Marta 1 Khare, Bishun 3,4 McKay, Christopher P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Centro de Astrobiologia (CSIC-INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain  2: Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial “Esteban Terradas” (INTA), Carretera de Ajalvir km 4, 28850 Torrejon de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain  3: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000, CA, USA  4: SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 85, p279; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometers; Subject Term: ENDOTHERMIC reactions; Subject Term: METHANE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermogravimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.06.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89897792&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adamczyk, Anne M.
AU  - Norbury, John W.
AU  - Townsend, Lawrence W.
T1  - Weisskopf–Ewing and Hauser–Feshbach calculations of photonuclear cross sections used for electromagnetic dissociation.
JO  - Radiation Physics & Chemistry
JF  - Radiation Physics & Chemistry
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 90
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 25
SN  - 0969806X
AB  - Abstract: The Weisskopf–Ewing (WE) and Hauser–Feshbach (HF) theory are statistical methods, which are often used to calculate photonuclear cross sections for compound nucleus reactions. In our past work, WE methodology was presented and photonuclear reaction cross sections for nucleon emission were calculated using WE theory. Here, our previous results, which neglect pre-equilibrium emissions and do not include multiple particle emission, are compared to those calculated with HF theory and experimental data. For the reactions considered herein, it is found that the WE theory and HF method are in reasonable agreement below the two neutron separation energy assuming an energy dependent branching ratio for intermediate and heavy nuclei. In addition, qualitative confidence of WE theory for electromagnetic dissociation (EMD) cross section calculations was found. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Physics & Chemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTONUCLEAR reactions
KW  - CROSS sections (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETISM
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - HAUSER-Feshbach theory
KW  - STATISTICAL models
KW  - Hauser–Feshbach
KW  - Photonuclear reactions
KW  - Weisskopf–Ewing
N1  - Accession Number: 89295144; Adamczyk, Anne M. 1; Email Address: aadamczy@utk.edu Norbury, John W. 2; Email Address: John.W.Norbury@nasa.gov Townsend, Lawrence W. 1; Email Address: ltownsen@utk.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of Tennessee, 315 Pasqua Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996-2300, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 188E, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 90, p21; Subject Term: PHOTONUCLEAR reactions; Subject Term: CROSS sections (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: HAUSER-Feshbach theory; Subject Term: STATISTICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hauser–Feshbach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photonuclear reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weisskopf–Ewing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2013.04.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89295144&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Small, Christopher
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
T1  - Multi-scale standardized spectral mixture models.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 136
M3  - Article
SP  - 442
EP  - 454
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Linear spectral mixture models can be standardized by using endmembers that span the global mixing space. By combining the benefits of location-specific mixture models with standardized spectral indices, standardized mixture models offer consistency, simplicity, inclusivity and applicability. We construct a globally representative mixing space using a spectrally diverse collection of 100 Landsat ETM+(Thematic Mapper & Enhanced Thematic Mapper+) subscenes. Global composites of 100,000,000 Landsat spectra, constructed from both exoatmospheric reflectance and atmospherically corrected surface reflectance, represent the spectral diversity of a wide range of terrestrial environments. Principal Component (PC) Analysis of the global composite shows that 99% of the spectral variance can be represented in a 3-dimensional mixing space of the low order PCs. Within this 3D space 98% of spectra are contained within a tetrahedral hull bounded by a continuous plane of substrates, and well-defined apexes corresponding to vegetation and dark endmembers. Suites of individual substrate, vegetation and dark endmember spectra are used to derive mean endmembers and to quantify the effects of endmember variability on fractions estimated from a standardized Substrate, Vegetation, and Dark (SVD) linear mixture model. Maximum endmember variability introduces less than 0.05 difference in S, V, and D fractions for most SVD models constructed from individual pixel endmember spectra giving less than 0.05 model misfit for more than 97% of pixels in the global composite. The mean SVD endmembers define a standard global mixture model for Landsat spectra. These SVD endmembers can be used to model mixed reflectance spectra from other sensors with similar spectral responses to Landsat ETM+. Comparisons of endmember fractions estimated from coincident acquisitions of Landsat TM and ETM+and WorldView-2 imagery show strong linear scaling for vegetation and dark fractions. Substrate fractions do not scale as linearly for the urban validation sites because the Landsat substrate endmember does not accurately represent the impervious surfaces imaged by WorldView-2. Comparisons of Landsat and WorldView-2 unmixed with the same Visible-Near Infrared (VNIR) endmembers derived from the global Landsat endmembers are also strongly correlated but with reduced bias. This linear scaling suggests that the Landsat global endmembers may provide a basis for standardized mixture models for WorldView-2 and other broadband sensors with spectral response similar to Landsat TM and ETM+. Comparisons of vegetation fractions with vegetation indices for the global composite show strong linear correspondence for Tasseled Cap Greenness and Enhanced Vegetation Index, with some degree of saturation at high fractions for the Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index and a wide range of responses for the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTISCALE modeling
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - PLANT growing media
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - VEGETATION mapping
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Scale
KW  - Spectral mixture model
KW  - Vegetation index
KW  - WorldView-2
N1  - Accession Number: 89310657; Small, Christopher 1; Email Address: csmall@columbia.edu Milesi, Cristina 2; Affiliation:  1: Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA  2: California State University Monterey Bay/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 136, p442; Subject Term: MULTISCALE modeling; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: PLANT growing media; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: VEGETATION mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral mixture model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation index; Author-Supplied Keyword: WorldView-2; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2013.05.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89310657&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evirgen, A.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Santamarta, R.
AU  - Pons, J.
T1  - Effect of precipitation on the microstructure and the shape memory response of the Ni50.3Ti29.7Zr20 high temperature shape memory alloy.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 69
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 354
EP  - 357
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The effect of nano-precipitation on the shape memory characteristics and martensite microstructure of the Ni50.3Ti29.7Zr20 high temperature shape memory alloy was studied. With appropriate heat treatment, the alloy shows excellent dimensional stability during thermal cycling under tension. Fine precipitates are absorbed by martensite variants and do not significantly hinder martensite formation. These alloys demonstrated higher transformation strain, smaller thermal hysteresis and narrower transformation range than samples with larger precipitates, a few hundred nanometers, that interfere with martensite variant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - High temperature shape memory alloys
KW  - Martensitic transformation
KW  - NiTiZr
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory response
N1  - Accession Number: 89137738; Evirgen, A. 1 Karaman, I. 1,2; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Noebe, R.D. 3 Santamarta, R. 4 Pons, J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Materials Science and Engineering Graduate Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Departament de Fisica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 69 Issue 5, p354; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiZr; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory response; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.05.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89137738&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogge, Matthew D.
AU  - Leckey, Cara A.C.
T1  - Characterization of impact damage in composite laminates using guided wavefield imaging and local wavenumber domain analysis.
JO  - Ultrasonics
JF  - Ultrasonics
Y1  - 2013/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1217
EP  - 1226
SN  - 0041624X
AB  - Abstract: Delaminations in composite laminates resulting from impact events may be accompanied by minimal indication of damage at the surface. As such, inspections are required to ensure defects are within allowable limits. Conventional ultrasonic scanning techniques have been shown to effectively characterize the size and depth of delaminations but require physical contact with the structure and considerable setup time. Alternatively, a non-contact scanning laser vibrometer may be used to measure guided wave propagation in the laminate structure generated by permanently bonded transducers. A local Fourier domain analysis method is presented for processing guided wavefield data to estimate spatially dependent wavenumber values, which can be used to determine delamination depth. The technique is applied to simulated wavefields and results are analyzed to determine limitations of the technique with regards to determining defect size and depth. Based on simulation results, guidelines for application of the technique are developed. Finally, experimental wavefield data is obtained in quasi-isotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates with impact damage. The recorded wavefields are analyzed and wavenumber is measured to an accuracy of up to 8.5% in the region of shallow delaminations. These results show the promise of local wavenumber domain analysis to characterize the depth of delamination damage in composite laminates. The technique can find application in automated vehicle health assurance systems with potential for high detection rates and greatly reduced operator effort and setup time. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Ultrasonics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - WAVENUMBER
KW  - Guided waves
KW  - Nondestructive evaluation
KW  - Structural health monitoring
KW  - Ultrasonic wavefield imaging
KW  - Windowed Fourier transforms
N1  - Accession Number: 89111859; Rogge, Matthew D. 1; Email Address: matt.d.rogge@gmail.com Leckey, Cara A.C. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 53 Issue 7, p1217; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: WAVENUMBER; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guided waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nondestructive evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural health monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultrasonic wavefield imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Windowed Fourier transforms; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.12.015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datta, Anubhav
T1  - Rotorcraft Aeromechanics.
JO  - Vertiflite
JF  - Vertiflite
Y1  - 2013/09//Sep/Oct2013
VL  - 59
IS  - 5
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 32
EP  - 33
SN  - 00424455
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - JOHNSON, Wayne
KW  - ROTORCRAFT Aeromechanics (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 95040311; Datta, Anubhav 1; Affiliation:  1: rotorcraft dynamicist, U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, California; Source Info: Sep/Oct2013, Vol. 59 Issue 5, p32; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: ROTORCRAFT Aeromechanics (Book); People: JOHNSON, Wayne; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95040311&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WHITTET, D. C. B.
AU  - POTEET, C. A.
AU  - CHIAR, J. E.
AU  - PAGANI, L.
AU  - BAJAJ, V. M.
AU  - HORNE, D.
AU  - SHENOY, S. S.
AU  - ADAMSON, A. J.
T1  - ICE AND DUST IN THE PRESTELLAR DARK CLOUD LYNDS 183: PREPLANETARY MATTER AT THE LOWEST TEMPERATURES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/09/10/
VL  - 774
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Dust grains are nucleation centers and catalysts for the growth of icy mantles in quiescent interstellar clouds, the products of which may accumulate into preplanetary matter when new stars and solar systems form within the clouds. In this paper, we present the first spectroscopic detections of silicate dust and the molecular ices H2O, CO, and CO2 in the vicinity of the prestellar core L183 (L134N). An infrared photometric survey of the cloud was used to identify reddened background stars, and we present spectra covering solid-state absorption features in the wavelength range 2-20μm for nine of them. The mean composition of the ices in the best-studied line of sight (toward J15542044-0254073) is H2O:CO:CO2 ≈ 100:40:24. The ices are amorphous in structure, indicating that they have been maintained at low temperature (≲15 K) since formation. The ice column density N(H2O) correlates with reddening by dust, exhibiting a threshold effect that corresponds to the transition from unmantled grains in the outer layers of the cloud to ice-mantled grains within, analogous to that observed in other dark clouds. A comparison of results for L183 and the Taurus and IC 5146 dark clouds suggests common behavior, with mantles first appearing in each case at a dust column corresponding to a peak optical depth τ9.7 = 0.15 ± 0.03 in the silicate feature. Our results support a previous conclusion that the color excess EJ-K does not obey a simple linear correlation with the total dust column in lines of sight that intercept dense clouds. The most likely explanation is a systematic change in the optical properties of the dust as the density increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - SPECTROSCOPIC light sources
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - dust,extinction
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - ISM: individual objects (LDN 183)
KW  - ISM: lines and bands
KW  - ISM: molecules
N1  - Accession Number: 90152583; WHITTET, D. C. B. 1 POTEET, C. A. 1 CHIAR, J. E. 2 PAGANI, L. 3 BAJAJ, V. M. 1 HORNE, D. 1 SHENOY, S. S. 4 ADAMSON, A. J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy and New York Center for Astrobiology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA  2: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: LERMA, UMR 8112 du CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France  4: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Gemini Observatory, Southern Operations Center, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile; Source Info: 9/10/2013, Vol. 774 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPIC light sources; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust,extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects (LDN 183); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: lines and bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/774/2/102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90152583&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eldridge, J. I.
AU  - Chambers, M. D.
T1  - Temperature sensing above 1000 °C using Cr-doped GdAlO3 spin-allowed broadband luminescence.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/09/11/
VL  - 1552
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 873
EP  - 878
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Cr-doped GdAlO3 (Cr:GdAlO3) is shown to produce remarkably high-intensity spin-allowed broadband luminescence with sufficiently long decay times to make effective luminescence-decay-time-based temperature measurements above 1000 °C. This phosphor is therefore an attractive alternative to the much lower luminescence intensity rare-earth-doped thermographic phosphors that are typically utilized at these elevated temperatures. In particular, Cr:GdAlO3 will be preferred over rare-earth-doped phosphors, such as Dy:YAG, at temperatures up to 1200 °C for intensity-starved situations when the much lower emission intensity from rare-earth-doped phosphors is insufficient for accurate temperature measurements in the presence of significant radiation background. While transition-metal-doped phosphors such as Cr:Al2O3 (ruby) are known to exhibit high luminescence intensity at low dopant concentrations, quenching due to nonradiative decay pathways competing with the 2E to 4A2 radiative transition (R line) has typically restricted their use for temperature sensing to below 600 °C. Thermal quenching of the broadband 4T2 to 4A2 radiative transition from Cr:GdAlO3, however, is delayed until much higher temperatures (above 1000 °C). This spin-allowed broadband emission persists to high temperatures because the lower-lying 2E energy level acts as a reservoir to thermally populate the higher shorter-lived 4T2 energy level and because the activation energy for nonradiative crossover relaxation from the 4T2 level to the 4A2 ground state is high. The strong crystal field associated with the tight bonding of the AlO6 octahedra in the GdAlO3 perovskite structure is responsible for this behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PHOSPHORS
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - RADIATIVE transitions
KW  - CRYSTAL field theory
N1  - Accession Number: 90157763; Eldridge, J. I. 1 Chambers, M. D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135,  2: Goleta, CA 93117,; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 1552 Issue 1, p873; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PHOSPHORS; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transitions; Subject Term: CRYSTAL field theory; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4819659
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90157763&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenkins, T. P.
AU  - Eldridge, J. I.
AU  - Allison, S. W.
AU  - Niska, R. H.
AU  - Condevaux, J. J.
AU  - Wolfe, D. E.
AU  - Jordan, E. H.
AU  - Heeg, B.
T1  - Progress toward luminescence-based VAATE turbine blade and vane temperature measurement.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2013/09/11/
VL  - 1552
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 903
EP  - 908
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Progress towards fielding luminescence-based temperature measurements for the Versatile Affordable Advanced Turbine Engine (VAATE) program is described. The near term programmatic objective is to monitor turbine vane temperatures and health by luminescence from a rare-earth doped thermal barrier coating (TBC), or from a thermographic phosphor layer coated onto a TBC. The first goal is to establish the temperature measurement capability to 1300°C with 1 percent uncertainty in a test engine. An eventual goal is to address rotating turbine blades in an F135 engine. The project consists of four phases, of which the first two have been completed and are described in this paper. The first phase involved laser heating of a 2.54-cm-diameter test sample, coated with a TBC and a thermographic phosphor layer, to produce a thermal gradient across the TBC layer similar to that expected in a turbine engine. Phosphor temperatures correlated well with those measured by long wavelength pyrometry. In the second phase, 10×10-cm coupons were exposed to a jet fuel flame at a burner rig facility. The thermographic phosphor/TBC combination survived the aggressive flame and high exhaust gas velocity, even though the metal substrate melted. Reliable temperature measurements were made up to about 1400°C using YAG:Dy as the thermographic phosphor. In addition, temperature measurements using YAG:Tm showed very desirable background radiation suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE measurements
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PHOSPHORS
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - THERMAL gradient measurment
N1  - Accession Number: 90157703; Jenkins, T. P. 1 Eldridge, J. I. 2 Allison, S. W. 3 Niska, R. H. 4 Condevaux, J. J. 5 Wolfe, D. E. 6 Jordan, E. H. 7 Heeg, B. 8; Affiliation:  1: MetroLaser, 8 Chrysler, Irvine, CA, 92618,  2: NASA Glenn Research Center,Bldg. 6, Room 118,21000 Brookpark Rd.,Cleveland, OH 44135,  3: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Road, Bldg. 5800, Room A215, Oak Ridge, TN. 37831-6054,  4: Honeywell Aerospace Co., Instrumentation Development, Phoenix, AZ 85034,  5: Williams International, 2280 E. West Maple Road, Walled Lake, MI 48390-0200,  6: Penn State University, 119 MRI building, University Park, PA 16802,  7: University of Connecticut, United Technologies Engineering Building Rm. 488, Storrs, CT 06269-3139,  8: Lumium, Eewal 84, Leeuwarden, 8911 GV,; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 1552 Issue 1, p903; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE measurements; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PHOSPHORS; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: THERMAL gradient measurment; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4819664
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santamarta, R.
AU  - Arróyave, R.
AU  - Pons, J.
AU  - Evirgen, A.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - TEM study of structural and microstructural characteristics of a precipitate phase in Ni-rich Ni–Ti–Hf and Ni–Ti–Zr shape memory alloys.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/09/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 6191
EP  - 6206
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The precipitates formed after suitable thermal treatments in seven Ni-rich Ni–Ti–Hf and Ni–Ti–Zr high-temperature shape memory alloys have been investigated by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In both ternary systems, the precipitate coarsening kinetics become faster as the Ni and ternary element contents (Hf or Zr) of the bulk alloy are increased, in agreement with the precipitate composition measured by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The precipitate structure has been found to be the same in both Hf- and Zr-containing ternary alloys, and determined to be a superstructure of the B2 austenite phase, which arises from a recombination of the Hf/Zr and Ti atoms in their sublattice. Two different structural models for the precipitate phase were optimized using density functional theory methods. These calculations indicate that the energetics of the structure are not very sensitive to the atomic configuration of the Ti–Hf/Zr planes, thus significant configurational disorder due to entropic effects can be envisaged at high temperatures. The precipitates are fully coherent with the austenite B2 matrix; however, upon martensitic transformation, they lose some coherency with the B19′ matrix as a result of the transformation shear process in the surrounding matrix. The strain accommodation around the particles is much easier in the Ni–Ti–Zr-containing alloys than in the Ni–Ti–Hf system, which correlates well with the lower transformation strain and stiffness predicted for the Ni–Ti–Zr alloys. The B19′ martensite twinning modes observed in the studied Ni-rich ternary alloys are not changed by the new precipitated phase, being equivalent to those previously reported in Ni-poor ternary alloys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - ELECTRON precipitation
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys -- Thermal properties
KW  - TERNARY alloys
KW  - OSTWALD ripening
KW  - ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - DFT calculations
KW  - High-temperature shape memory alloys
KW  - Martensitic transformation
KW  - NiTiZr
KW  - Precipitation
N1  - Accession Number: 89898645; Santamarta, R. 1; Email Address: ruben.santamarta@uib.es Arróyave, R. 2,3 Pons, J. 1 Evirgen, A. 2 Karaman, I. 2,3 Karaca, H.E. 4 Noebe, R.D. 5; Affiliation:  1: Departament de Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  5: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 61 Issue 16, p6191; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRON precipitation; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys -- Thermal properties; Subject Term: TERNARY alloys; Subject Term: OSTWALD ripening; Subject Term: ENERGY dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiZr; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.06.057
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89898645&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harris, Linden
AU  - Tozzi, Sasha
AU  - Wiley, Patrick
AU  - Young, Colleen
AU  - Richardson, Tra-My Justine
AU  - Clark, Kit
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - Potential impact of biofouling on the photobioreactors of the Offshore Membrane Enclosures for Growing Algae (OMEGA) system.
JO  - Bioresource Technology
JF  - Bioresource Technology
Y1  - 2013/09/15/
VL  - 144
M3  - Article
SP  - 420
EP  - 428
SN  - 09608524
AB  - The influence of PBR composition [clear polyurethane (PolyU) vs. clear linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) (top) and black opaque high-density polyethylene (bottom)] and shape (rectangular vs. tubular) on biofouling and the influence of biofouling on algae productivity were investigated. In 9-week experiments, PBR biofouling was dominated by pennate diatoms and clear plastics developed macroalgae. LLDPE exhibited lower photosynthetic-active-radiation (PAR) light transmittance than PolyU before biofouling, but higher transmittance afterwards. Both rectangular and tubular LLDPE PBRs accumulated biofouling predominantly along their wetted edges. For a tubular LLDPE PBR after 12 weeks of biofouling, the correlation between biomass, percent surface coverage, and PAR transmittance was complex, but in general biomass inversely correlated with transmittance. Wrapping segments of this biofouled LLDPE around an algae culture reduced CO 2 and NH 3 -N utilization, indicating that external biofouling must be controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bioresource Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOULING
KW  - PHOTOBIOREACTORS
KW  - MEMBRANES (Technology)
KW  - ALGAL growth
KW  - POLYURETHANES
KW  - POLYETHYLENE
KW  - PENNALES
KW  - Algae
KW  - Biofouling
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - OMEGA
KW  - Photobioreactor
N1  - Accession Number: 98143323; Harris, Linden 1 Tozzi, Sasha 2 Wiley, Patrick 1,3 Young, Colleen 4 Richardson, Tra-My Justine 1 Clark, Kit 5 Trent, Jonathan D. 6; Email Address: Jonathan.D.Trent@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, United States  2: University of California Santa Cruz, Department of Ocean Sciences, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  3: University of California Merced School of Engineering, Merced, CA 95343, United States  4: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States  5: SETI, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 144, p420; Subject Term: FOULING; Subject Term: PHOTOBIOREACTORS; Subject Term: MEMBRANES (Technology); Subject Term: ALGAL growth; Subject Term: POLYURETHANES; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE; Subject Term: PENNALES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofouling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: OMEGA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photobioreactor; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.06.125
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Loizeau, Damien
AU  - McKeown, Nancy K.
AU  - Saper, Lee
AU  - Dyar, M. Darby
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Parente, Mario
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
T1  - What the ancient phyllosilicates at Mawrth Vallis can tell us about possible habitability on early Mars.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/09/15/
VL  - 86
M3  - Article
SP  - 130
EP  - 149
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Phyllosilicate deposits on Mars provide an opportunity to evaluate aqueous activity and the possibility that habitable environments may have existed during the Noachian period there. Analysis of hyperspectral visible/near-infrared (VNIR) Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) images has shown thick, complex profiles of phyllosilicates at Mawrth Vallis, Mars that are consistent with long-term aqueous activity and active chemistry. The ancient phyllosilicates in places such as this could have served as reaction centers for organic molecules. Previous experiments even suggest that phyllosilicates could have played a role in the origin of life. Regardless of whether life formed on early Mars or not, evaluating the type and thickness of clay-bearing units on Mars provides insights into plausible aqueous processes and chemical conditions both during the time of formation of the phyllosilicates, but also the subsequent period following their formation. The phyllosilicate outcrops at Mawrth Vallis extend across a broad (∼1000km) region and exhibit a consistent general trend of Al-phyllosilicates and amorphous Al/Si species at the top of the clay profile and Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates on the bottom. This implies either a change in water chemistry, a change in material being altered, or an alteration profile where the upper clays were leached and altered more significantly than those below. A change in iron in the phyllosilicate units is also observed such that an Fe2+-bearing unit is frequently observed between the Fe3+- and Mg-rich phyllosilicates below and the Al/Si-rich materials above. Abrupt changes in chemistry like this are often indicative of biogeochemical activity on Earth. Possible microbe-clay interactions are considered in comparison with the CRISM observations. This study evaluates CRISM spectra from four images of different outcrops across the Mawrth Vallis region and evaluates the observed phyllosilicates and clay components in terms of plausible aqueous and microbial processes and the potential for retention of biosignatures, if present. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - RECONNAISSANCE aircraft
KW  - WATER chemistry
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Habitability
KW  - Mars
KW  - Phyllosilicates
KW  - Reflectance spectroscopy
KW  - Water
N1  - Accession Number: 92874130; Bishop, Janice L. 1,2; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org Loizeau, Damien 3 McKeown, Nancy K. 4 Saper, Lee 1,5 Dyar, M. Darby 6 Des Marais, David J. 2 Parente, Mario 7 Murchie, Scott L. 8; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands  4: Department of Physical Sciences, Grant MacEwan University, Edmonton, AB, Canada T5J 4S2  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02916, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, 50 College Street, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA  7: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA  8: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: Sep2013, Vol. 86, p130; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: RECONNAISSANCE aircraft; Subject Term: WATER chemistry; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phyllosilicates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reflectance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bish, D. L.
AU  - Blake, D. F.
AU  - Vaniman, D. T.
AU  - Chipera, S. J.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Treiman, A. H.
AU  - Sarrazin, P.
AU  - Morrison, S. M.
AU  - Downs, R. T.
AU  - Achilles, C. N.
AU  - Yen, A. S.
AU  - Bristow, T. F.
AU  - Crisp, J. A.
AU  - Morookian, J. M.
AU  - Farmer, J. D.
AU  - Rampe, E. B.
AU  - Stolper, E. M.
AU  - Spanovich, N.
T1  - X-ray Diffraction Results from Mars Science Laboratory: Mineralogy of Rocknest at Gale Crater.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/09/27/
VL  - 341
IS  - 6153
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity scooped samples of soil from the Rocknest aeolian bedform in Gale crater. Analysis of the soil with the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) x-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument revealed plagioclase (~An57), forsteritic olivine (~Fo62), augite, and pigeonite, with minor K-feldspar, magnetite, quartz, anhydrite, hematite, and ilmenite. The minor phases are present at, or near, detection limits. The soil also contains 27 T 14 weight percent x-ray amorphous material, likely containing multiple Fe3+- and volatile-bearing phases, including possibly a substance resembling hisingerite. The crystalline component is similar to the normative mineralogy of certain basaltic rocks from Gusev crater on Mars and of martian basaltic meteorites. The amorphous component is similar to that found on Earth in places such as soils on the Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - SOIL mineralogy
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology -- Earth analogs
KW  - MAUNA Kea (Hawaii)
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90548524; Bish, D. L. 1; Email Address: bish@indiana.edu Blake, D. F. 2 Vaniman, D. T. 3 Chipera, S. J. 4 Morris, R. V. 5 Ming, D. W. 5 Treiman, A. H. 6 Sarrazin, P. 7 Morrison, S. M. 8 Downs, R. T. 8 Achilles, C. N. 9 Yen, A. S. 10 Bristow, T. F. 2 Crisp, J. A. 10 Morookian, J. M. 10 Farmer, J. D. 11 Rampe, E. B. 5 Stolper, E. M. 12 Spanovich, N. 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  4: Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK 73154, USA  5: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  6: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  7: In-Xitu, Campbell, CA 95008, USA  8: Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  9: Engineering and Science Contract Group/United Technologies Corporation Aerospace Systems, Houston, TX 77058, USA  10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  11: Department of Geological Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  12: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 9/27/2013, Vol. 341 Issue 6153, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: SOIL mineralogy; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology -- Earth analogs; Subject Term: MAUNA Kea (Hawaii); Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1238932
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90548524&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blake, D. F.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Kocurek, G.
AU  - Morrison, S. M.
AU  - Downs, R. T.
AU  - Bish, D.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Edgett, K. S.
AU  - Rubin, D.
AU  - Goetz, W.
AU  - Madsen, M. B.
AU  - Sullivan, R.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Campbell, I.
AU  - Treiman, A. H.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Yen, A. S.
AU  - Grotzinger, J.
AU  - Vaniman, D. T.
AU  - Chipera, S. J.
T1  - Curiosity at Gale Crater, Mars: Characterization and Analysis of the Rocknest Sand Shadow.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/09/27/
VL  - 341
IS  - 6153
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Rocknest aeolian deposit is similar to aeolian features analyzed by the Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) Spirit and Opportunity. The fraction of sand <150 micrometers in size contains ~55% crystalline material consistent with a basaltic heritage and ~45% x-ray amorphous material. The amorphous component of Rocknest is iron-rich and silicon-poor and is the host of the volatiles (water, oxygen, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, and chlorine) detected by the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument and of the fine-grained nanophase oxide component first described from basaltic soils analyzed by MERs. The similarity between soils and aeolian materials analyzed at Gusev Crater, Meridiani Planum, and Gale Crater implies locally sourced, globally similar basaltic materials or globally and regionally sourced basaltic components deposited locally at all three locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS surface samples
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - EOLIAN processes
KW  - BASALT -- Analysis
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 90548527; Blake, D. F. 1; Email Address: david.blake@nasa.gov Morris, R. V. 2 Kocurek, G. 3 Morrison, S. M. 4 Downs, R. T. 4 Bish, D. 5 Ming, D. W. 2 Edgett, K. S. 6 Rubin, D. 7 Goetz, W. 8 Madsen, M. B. 9 Sullivan, R. 10 Gellert, R. 11 Campbell, I. 11 Treiman, A. H. 12 McLennan, S. M. 13 Yen, A. S. 14 Grotzinger, J. 15 Vaniman, D. T. 16 Chipera, S. J. 17; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA  6: Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92191, USA  7: U.S. Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA  8: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  9: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  10: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA  11: University of Guelf, Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada  12: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  13: State University of New York-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11790, USA  14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  15: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  16: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  17: Chesapeake Energy,Oklahoma City, OK 73102, USA; Source Info: 9/27/2013, Vol. 341 Issue 6153, p1; Subject Term: MARS surface samples; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: EOLIAN processes; Subject Term: BASALT -- Analysis; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: OXIDES; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1239505
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90548527&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eppler, Dean
AU  - Adams, Byron
AU  - Archer, Doug
AU  - Baiden, Greg
AU  - Brown, Adrian
AU  - Carey, William
AU  - Cohen, Barbara
AU  - Condit, Chris
AU  - Evans, Cindy
AU  - Fortezzo, Corey
AU  - Garry, Brent
AU  - Graff, Trevor
AU  - Gruener, John
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Hodges, Kip
AU  - Hörz, Friedrich
AU  - Hurtado, Jose
AU  - Hynek, Brian
AU  - Isaacson, Peter
AU  - Juranek, Catherine
T1  - Desert Research and Technology Studies (DRATS) 2010 science operations: Operational approaches and lessons learned for managing science during human planetary surface missions.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 224
EP  - 241
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Desert Research and Technology Studies (Desert RATS) is a multi-year series of hardware and operations tests carried out annually in the high desert of Arizona on the San Francisco Volcanic Field. These activities are designed to exercise planetary surface hardware and operations in conditions where long-distance, multi-day roving is achievable, and they allow NASA to evaluate different mission concepts and approaches in an environment less costly and more forgiving than space. The results from the RATS tests allow selection of potential operational approaches to planetary surface exploration prior to making commitments to specific flight and mission hardware development. In previous RATS operations, the Science Support Room has operated largely in an advisory role, an approach that was driven by the need to provide a loose science mission framework that would underpin the engineering tests. However, the extensive nature of the traverse operations for 2010 expanded the role of the science operations and tested specific operational approaches. Science mission operations approaches from the Apollo and Mars-Phoenix missions were merged to become the baseline for this test. Six days of traverse operations were conducted during each week of the 2-week test, with three traverse days each week conducted with voice and data communications continuously available, and three traverse days conducted with only two 1-hour communications periods per day. Within this framework, the team evaluated integrated science operations management using real-time, tactical science operations to oversee daily crew activities, and strategic level evaluations of science data and daily traverse results during a post-traverse planning shift. During continuous communications, both tactical and strategic teams were employed. On days when communications were reduced to only two communications periods per day, only a strategic team was employed. The Science Operations Team found that, if communications are good and down-linking of science data is ensured, high quality science returns is possible regardless of communications. What is absent from reduced communications is the scientific interaction between the crew on the planet and the scientists on the ground. These scientific interactions were a critical part of the science process and significantly improved mission science return over reduced communications conditions. The test also showed that the quality of science return is not measurable by simple numerical quantities but is, in fact, based on strongly non-quantifiable factors, such as the interactions between the crew and the Science Operations Teams. Although the metric evaluation data suggested some trends, there was not sufficient granularity in the data or specificity in the metrics to allow those trends to be understood on numerical data alone. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - SCIENCE databases
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Analog testing
KW  - Metric evaluation
KW  - Planetary science
KW  - Planetary surface operations
KW  - Science operations
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 89344434; Eppler, Dean 1; Email Address: dean.b.eppler@nasa.gov Adams, Byron 2 Archer, Doug 1 Baiden, Greg 3,4 Brown, Adrian 5 Carey, William 6 Cohen, Barbara 7 Condit, Chris 8 Evans, Cindy 1 Fortezzo, Corey 9 Garry, Brent 10 Graff, Trevor 1 Gruener, John 1 Heldmann, Jennifer 5 Hodges, Kip 2 Hörz, Friedrich 1 Hurtado, Jose 11 Hynek, Brian 12 Isaacson, Peter 13 Juranek, Catherine 14; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Johnson Space Center, Mail Code KX, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Arizona State University, USA  3: Penguin Consulting, Inc., Canada  4: Laurentian University, Canada  5: NASA-Ames Research Center, USA  6: European Space Agency, The Netherlands  7: NASA-Marshall Space Flight Center, USA  8: University of Massachusetts-Amherst, USA  9: U.S. Geological Survey-Flagstaff, USA  10: Planetary Science Institute, USA  11: University of Texas-El Paso, USA  12: University of Colorado, USA  13: Brown University, USA  14: Northern Arizona University, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 90 Issue 2, p224; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: SCIENCE databases; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analog testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metric evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary surface operations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science operations; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.03.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89344434&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Susan Y.
AU  - Lees, David
AU  - Cohen, Tamar
AU  - Allan, Mark
AU  - Deans, Matthew
AU  - Morse, Theodore
AU  - Park, Eric
AU  - Smith, Trey
T1  - Reusable science tools for analog exploration missions: xGDS Web Tools, VERVE, and Gigapan Voyage.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 268
EP  - 288
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The Exploration Ground Data Systems (xGDS) project led by the Intelligent Robotics Group (IRG) at NASA Ames Research Center creates software tools to support multiple NASA-led planetary analog field experiments. The two primary tools that fall under the xGDS umbrella are the xGDS Web Tools (xGDS-WT) and Visual Environment for Remote Virtual Exploration (VERVE). IRG has also developed a hardware and software system that is closely integrated with our xGDS tools and is used in multiple field experiments called Gigapan Voyage. xGDS-WT, VERVE, and Gigapan Voyage are examples of IRG projects that improve the ratio of science return versus development effort by creating generic and reusable tools that leverage existing technologies in both hardware and software. xGDS Web Tools provides software for gathering and organizing mission data for science and engineering operations, including tools for planning traverses, monitoring autonomous or piloted vehicles, visualization, documentation, analysis, and search. VERVE provides high performance three dimensional (3D) user interfaces used by scientists, robot operators, and mission planners to visualize robot data in real time. Gigapan Voyage is a gigapixel image capturing and processing tool that improves situational awareness and scientific exploration in human and robotic analog missions. All of these technologies emphasize software reuse and leverage open source and/or commercial-off-the-shelf tools to greatly improve the utility and reduce the development and operational cost of future similar technologies. Over the past several years these technologies have been used in many NASA-led robotic field campaigns including the Desert Research and Technology Studies (DRATS), the Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP), the K10 Robotic Follow-Up tests, and most recently we have become involved in the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) field experiments. A major objective of these joint robot and crew experiments is to improve NASAs understanding of how to most effectively execute and increase science return from exploration missions. This paper focuses on an integrated suite of xGDS software and compatible hardware tools: xGDS Web Tools, VERVE, and Gigapan Voyage, how they are used, and the design decisions that were made to allow them to be easily developed, integrated, tested, and reused by multiple NASA field experiments and robotic platforms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Desert Research and Technology Studies
KW  - Desert Research and Technology Studies (DRATS)
KW  - Exploration Ground Data Systems (xGDS)
KW  - Gigapan Voyage
KW  - Gigapan Voyage (GV)
KW  - Ground Data Systems
KW  - Intelligent Robotics Group
KW  - Intelligent Robotics Group (IRG)
KW  - NASA
KW  - NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO)
KW  - Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP)
KW  - Planetary analogs
KW  - Robotic Field Test
KW  - VERVE
KW  - Visual Environment for Remote Virtual Exploration (VERVE)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 89344437; Lee, Susan Y. 1; Email Address: susan.y.lee@nasa.gov Lees, David 2; Email Address: david.s.lees@nasa.gov Cohen, Tamar 1; Email Address: tamar.e.cohen@nasa.gov Allan, Mark 1; Email Address: mark.b.allan@nasa.gov Deans, Matthew 3; Email Address: matthew.deans@nasa.gov Morse, Theodore 2; Email Address: theodore.f.morse@nasa.gov Park, Eric 2; Email Address: eric.park@nasa.gov Smith, Trey 2; Email Address: trey.smith@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, USA  2: Carnegie Mellon University, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 90 Issue 2, p268; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert Research and Technology Studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert Research and Technology Studies (DRATS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Exploration Ground Data Systems (xGDS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gigapan Voyage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gigapan Voyage (GV); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground Data Systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intelligent Robotics Group; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intelligent Robotics Group (IRG); Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO); Author-Supplied Keyword: Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary analogs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotic Field Test; Author-Supplied Keyword: VERVE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual Environment for Remote Virtual Exploration (VERVE); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.01.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89344437&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Young, Kelsey
AU  - Hurtado, José M.
AU  - Bleacher, Jacob E.
AU  - Brent Garry, W.
AU  - Bleisath, Scott
AU  - Buffington, Jesse
AU  - Rice, James W.
T1  - Tools and technologies needed for conducting planetary field geology while on EVA: Insights from the 2010 Desert RATS geologist crewmembers.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 332
EP  - 343
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The tools used by crews while on extravehicular activity during future missions to other bodies in the Solar System will be a combination of traditional geologic field tools (e.g. hammers, rakes, sample bags) and state-of-the-art technologies (e.g. high definition cameras, digital situational awareness devices, and new geologic tools). In the 2010 Desert Research and Technology Studies (RATS) field test, four crews, each consisting of an astronaut/engineer and field geologist, tested and evaluated various technologies during two weeks of simulated spacewalks in the San Francisco volcanic field, Arizona. These tools consisted of both Apollo-style field geology tools and modern technological equipment not used during the six Apollo lunar landings. The underlying exploration driver for this field test was to establish the protocols and technology needed for an eventual manned mission to an asteroid, the Moon, or Mars. The authors of this paper represent Desert RATS geologist crewmembers as well as two engineers who worked on technology development. Here we present an evaluation and assessment of these tools and technologies based on our first-hand experience of using them during the analog field test. We intend this to serve as a basis for continued development of technologies and protocols used for conducting planetary field geology as the Solar System exploration community moves forward into the next generation of planetary surface exploration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight)
KW  - DIGITAL cameras
KW  - SITUATIONAL awareness
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - commercial off-the-shelf (COTS)
KW  - Crew Field Note (CFN)
KW  - digital video recorder (DVR)
KW  - Documented Sample Bag (DSB)
KW  - EVA technology
KW  - EVA tools
KW  - Extravehicular Activity (EVA)
KW  - Extravehicular Activity Information System (EVAIS)
KW  - Field geology
KW  - Geographic Information System (GIS)
KW  - global positioning system (GPS)
KW  - high definition (HD)
KW  - hydrochloric acid (HCl)
KW  - Intravehicular Activity (IVA)
KW  - Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)
KW  - lunar excursion module (LEM)
KW  - Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV)
KW  - National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
KW  - Planetary analog
KW  - Planetary field geology
KW  - radio-frequency identification (RFID)
KW  - Research and Technology Studies (RATS)
KW  - Sample collection
KW  - Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV)
KW  - X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 89344442; Young, Kelsey 1; Email Address: Kelsey.E.Young@asu.edu Hurtado, José M. 2 Bleacher, Jacob E. 3 Brent Garry, W. 4 Bleisath, Scott 5 Buffington, Jesse 6 Rice, James W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Arizona State University, School of Earth and Space Exploration, Bateman Physical Sciences Center F-wing, Room 686, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, United States  2: University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Geological Sciences, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-05555, United States  3: Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  4: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  6: EVA Hardware Development Tools and Equipment Branch (EC7), NASA Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, United States; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 90 Issue 2, p332; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight); Subject Term: DIGITAL cameras; Subject Term: SITUATIONAL awareness; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: commercial off-the-shelf (COTS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Crew Field Note (CFN); Author-Supplied Keyword: digital video recorder (DVR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Documented Sample Bag (DSB); Author-Supplied Keyword: EVA technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: EVA tools; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extravehicular Activity (EVA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extravehicular Activity Information System (EVAIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Field geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographic Information System (GIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: global positioning system (GPS); Author-Supplied Keyword: high definition (HD); Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrochloric acid (HCl); Author-Supplied Keyword: Intravehicular Activity (IVA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR); Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar excursion module (LEM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV); Author-Supplied Keyword: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary analog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary field geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio-frequency identification (RFID); Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and Technology Studies (RATS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sample collection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV); Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray fluorescence (XRF); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.10.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89344442&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurtado, José M.
AU  - Young, Kelsey
AU  - Bleacher, Jacob E.
AU  - Garry, W. Brent
AU  - Rice, James W.
T1  - Field geologic observation and sample collection strategies for planetary surface exploration: Insights from the 2010 Desert RATS geologist crewmembers.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
EP  - 355
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Observation is the primary role of all field geologists, and geologic observations put into an evolving conceptual context will be the most important data stream that will be relayed to Earth during a planetary exploration mission. Sample collection is also an important planetary field activity, and its success is closely tied to the quality of contextual observations. To test protocols for doing effective planetary geologic fieldwork, the Desert RATS (Research and Technology Studies) project deployed two prototype rovers for two weeks of simulated exploratory traverses in the San Francisco volcanic field of northern Arizona. The authors of this paper represent the geologist crewmembers who participated in the 2010 field test. We document the procedures adopted for Desert RATS 2010 and report on our experiences regarding these protocols. Careful consideration must be made of various issues that impact the interplay between field geologic observations and sample collection, including time management; strategies related to duplication of samples and observations; logistical constraints on the volume and mass of samples and the volume/transfer of data collected; and paradigms for evaluation of mission success. We find that the 2010 field protocols brought to light important aspects of each of these issues, and we recommend best practices and modifications to training and operational protocols to address them. Underlying our recommendations is the recognition that the capacity of the crew to “flexibly execute” their activities is paramount. Careful design of mission parameters, especially field geologic protocols, is critical for enabling the crews to successfully meet their science objectives. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGISTS
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight)
KW  - GEODATABASES
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - arm-mounted computer control for CFN system (Cuff)
KW  - continuous communications (CC)
KW  - crew field note (CFN)
KW  - Desert Research and Technology Studies (Desert RATS)
KW  - divide-and-conquer (D&C)
KW  - divide-and-conquer (D&C)
KW  - extravehicular activities (EVA)
KW  - Extravehicular activity (EVA)
KW  - Field geology
KW  - Field geology methods
KW  - flexible execution (Flexecution)
KW  - geographic information system (GIS)
KW  - Google Earth file format for GIS data (KML-format)
KW  - intravehicular activities (IVA)
KW  - lead-and-follow (L&F)
KW  - lead-and-follow (L&F)
KW  - location where SEV has stopped for science or operational work (with or without an EVA) (Station)
KW  - mission control personnel that support, guide, and direct the science operations done by the crew (Science Team)
KW  - movement of SEV between Stations (Drive)
KW  - Planetary analog
KW  - Planetary field geology
KW  - prioritization for potential Earth-return (High-grading)
KW  - rear hatches on the SEV that allow quick egress/ingress for EVAs along with dust mitigation (Suitport)
KW  - robotic pan-tilt-zoom camera mount for high-resolution panoramic imaging (GigaPan)
KW  - Sample collection
KW  - series of Stations and drives (Traverse)
KW  - space exploration vehicle (SEV)
KW  - subset of the Science Team that supports the crew during CC (Science Backroom)
KW  - twice-per-day communications (2/D)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 89344443; Hurtado, José M. 1; Email Address: jhurtado@utep.edu Young, Kelsey 2 Bleacher, Jacob E. 3 Garry, W. Brent 4 Rice, James W. 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Geological Sciences, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-05555, United States  2: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Bateman Physical Sciences Center, F-wing, Room 686, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, United States  3: Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  4: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States  5: Solar System Exploration Division, Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 90 Issue 2, p344; Subject Term: GEOLOGISTS; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight); Subject Term: GEODATABASES; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: arm-mounted computer control for CFN system (Cuff); Author-Supplied Keyword: continuous communications (CC); Author-Supplied Keyword: crew field note (CFN); Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert Research and Technology Studies (Desert RATS); Author-Supplied Keyword: divide-and-conquer (D&C); Author-Supplied Keyword: divide-and-conquer (D&C); Author-Supplied Keyword: extravehicular activities (EVA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extravehicular activity (EVA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Field geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field geology methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: flexible execution (Flexecution); Author-Supplied Keyword: geographic information system (GIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Google Earth file format for GIS data (KML-format); Author-Supplied Keyword: intravehicular activities (IVA); Author-Supplied Keyword: lead-and-follow (L&F); Author-Supplied Keyword: lead-and-follow (L&F); Author-Supplied Keyword: location where SEV has stopped for science or operational work (with or without an EVA) (Station); Author-Supplied Keyword: mission control personnel that support, guide, and direct the science operations done by the crew (Science Team); Author-Supplied Keyword: movement of SEV between Stations (Drive); Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary analog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary field geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: prioritization for potential Earth-return (High-grading); Author-Supplied Keyword: rear hatches on the SEV that allow quick egress/ingress for EVAs along with dust mitigation (Suitport); Author-Supplied Keyword: robotic pan-tilt-zoom camera mount for high-resolution panoramic imaging (GigaPan); Author-Supplied Keyword: Sample collection; Author-Supplied Keyword: series of Stations and drives (Traverse); Author-Supplied Keyword: space exploration vehicle (SEV); Author-Supplied Keyword: subset of the Science Team that supports the crew during CC (Science Backroom); Author-Supplied Keyword: twice-per-day communications (2/D); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.10.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89344443&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bleacher, Jacob E.
AU  - Hurtado, José M.
AU  - Young, Kelsey E.
AU  - Rice, James W.
AU  - Garry, W. Brent
T1  - The effect of different operations modes on science capabilities during the 2010 Desert RATS test: Insights from the geologist crewmembers.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 356
EP  - 366
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The 2010 Desert RATS field test utilized two Space Exploration Vehicles (prototype planetary rovers) and four crewmembers (2 per rover) to conduct a geologic traverse across northern Arizona while testing continuous and twice-per-day communications paired with operation modes of separating and exploring individually (Divide & Conquer) and exploring together (Lead & Follow), respectively. This report provides qualitative conclusions from the geologist crewmembers involved in this test as to how these modes of communications and operations affected our ability to conduct field geology. Each mode of communication and operation provided beneficial capabilities that might be further explored for future Human Spaceflight Missions to other solar system objects. We find that more frequent interactions between crews and an Apollo-style Science Team on the Earth best enables scientific progress during human exploration. However, during multiple vehicle missions, this communication with an Earth-based team of scientists, who represent “more minds on the problem”, should not come at the exclusion of (or significantly decrease) communication between the crewmembers in different vehicles who have the “eyes on the ground”. Inter-crew communications improved when discussions with a backroom were infrequent. Both aspects are critical and cannot be mutually exclusive. Increased vehicle separation distances best enable encounters with multiple geologic units. However, seemingly redundant visits by multiple vehicles to the same feature can be utilized to provide improved process-related observations about the development and modification of the local terrain. We consider the value of data management, transfer, and accessibility to be the most important lesson learned. Crews and backrooms should have access to all data and related interpretations within the mission in as close to real-time conditions as possible. This ensures that while on another planetary surface, crewmembers are as educated as possible with respect to the observations and data they will need to collect at any moment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGISTS
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight)
KW  - DATABASE management
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Analogs
KW  - Communications
KW  - Continuous Communications (CC)
KW  - Crew Field Note (CFN)
KW  - Desert Research And Technology Studies (Desert RATS)
KW  - Divide and Conquer (D&C)
KW  - Divide and Conquer (D&C)
KW  - Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA)
KW  - Field geology
KW  - Human spaceflight
KW  - Internal Vehicular Activity (IVA)
KW  - Lead and Follow (L&F)
KW  - Lead and Follow (L&F)
KW  - Mission Control Center (MCC)
KW  - Planetary geology
KW  - Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV)
KW  - Twice-per-day communications (2/Day)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 89344444; Bleacher, Jacob E. 1; Email Address: jacob.e.bleacher@nasa.gov Hurtado, José M. 2 Young, Kelsey E. 3 Rice, James W. 1 Garry, W. Brent 4; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Geodynamics Laboratory, Code 698, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Geological Sciences, 500 West University Avenue, El Paso, TX 79968-05555, USA  3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Bateman Physical Sciences Center F-wing Room 686, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA  4: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 90 Issue 2, p356; Subject Term: GEOLOGISTS; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: EXTRAVEHICULAR activity (Manned space flight); Subject Term: DATABASE management; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analogs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Communications; Author-Supplied Keyword: Continuous Communications (CC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Crew Field Note (CFN); Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert Research And Technology Studies (Desert RATS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Divide and Conquer (D&C); Author-Supplied Keyword: Divide and Conquer (D&C); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Field geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Internal Vehicular Activity (IVA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lead and Follow (L&F); Author-Supplied Keyword: Lead and Follow (L&F); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission Control Center (MCC); Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Exploration Vehicle (SEV); Author-Supplied Keyword: Twice-per-day communications (2/Day); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2011.10.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89344444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Yaguang
AU  - Zhou, Zhiqiang
T1  - An analytic solution to Wahbaʼs problem.
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 46
EP  - 49
SN  - 12709638
AB  - Abstract: All spacecraft attitude estimation methods are based on Wahbaʼs optimization problem. This problem can be reduced to finding the largest eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector for Davenportʼs K-matrix. Several iterative algorithms, such as QUEST and FOMA, were proposed, aiming at reducing the computational cost. But their computational time is unpredictable because the iteration number is not fixed and the solution is not accurate in theory. Recently, an analytical solution, ESOQ was suggested. The advantages of analytical solutions are that their computational time is fixed and the solution should be accurate in theory if there is no numerical error. In this paper, we propose a different analytical solution to Wahbaʼs problem. We use simple and easy to be verified examples to show that this method is numerically more stable than ESOQ, potentially faster than QUEST and FOMA. We also use extensive simulation test to support this claim. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - APPLIED mathematics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - Analytical solution
KW  - Attitude estimation
KW  - Spacecraft
N1  - Accession Number: 90512818; Yang, Yaguang 1; Email Address: yaguang.yang@verizon.net Zhou, Zhiqiang 2; Email Address: zhiqiang.zhou@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NRC, Office of Research, 21 Church Street, Rockville, MD 20850, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p46; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: APPLIED mathematics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Analytical solution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attitude estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2013.07.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90512818&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Hyoungjin
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
T1  - Shape design optimization of embedded engine inlets for N2B hybrid wing-body configuration.
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 149
SN  - 12709638
AB  - Abstract: The N2B hybrid wing-body aircraft with embedded engines was conceptually designed to meet environmental and performance goals for the generation transport set by the Subsonic Fixed Wing project of NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program. In the present study, flow simulations are conducted around the N2B configuration by a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes flow solver using unstructured meshes. Boundary conditions at fan faces and engine exhaust planes are provided by the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) thermodynamic engine cycle model. The flow simulations reveal challenging design issues arising from the integration of boundary-layer-ingestion offset inlets with the wing-body airframe. Adjoint-based optimal designs of the inlet shape are then carried out to minimize the airframe drag force and flow distortion at fan faces. Design surfaces are parameterized by Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline (NURBS), and the cowl lip geometry is modified by a spring analogy approach. By the drag minimization design, a massive flow separation on the cowl surfaces is almost removed, and the strength of a shock wave unintended in the original design is now remarkably reduced. For the distortion minimization design, the diffuser bottom and side walls are reshaped to minimize flow distortion at fan faces. This minimization results in a 12.5% reduction in distortion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
KW  - AIRCRAFT industry
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Embedded engine
KW  - Inlet distortion
KW  - Optimal shape design
KW  - Propulsion–airframe integration
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 90512827; Kim, Hyoungjin 1; Email Address: hyoungjinkim1@gmail.com Liou, Meng-Sing 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Applications International Corporation, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p128; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT industry; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Embedded engine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inlet distortion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal shape design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion–airframe integration; Language of Keywords: French; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441220 Motorcycle, boat and other motor vehicle dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441228 Motorcycle, ATV, and All Other Motor Vehicle Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2013.07.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90512827&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Truong, Khiem-Van
AU  - Yeo, Hyeonsoo
AU  - Ormiston, Robert A.
T1  - Structural dynamics modeling of rectangular rotor blades.
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 305
SN  - 12709638
AB  - Abstract: This study investigates 1-D and 3-D methods for modeling helicopter rotor blade structural dynamics to better understand the accuracy of current structural modeling based on 1-D beam theory. Natural frequencies are calculated at various rotor angular speeds for a large variety of blades ranging from simple isotropic beams to a realistic composite blade. The blade shape is limited to rectangular planforms, but various lengths are considered. 1-D beam analysis is conducted using the RCAS rotorcraft comprehensive analysis with 2-D cross-sectional properties calculated from VABS. 3-D finite element analysis is based on the commercial code MSC/Marc. Accuracy of both 1-D and 3-D analyses have been assessed through analysis of discretization errors that originate from insufficiently refined meshing. There is very good agreement between 1-D and 3-D predictions for the eight lowest modes of a large variety of blades, when there is no coupling between modes of different nature (flap, torsion) induced by materials and when the blade length is greater than ten times chord. Effects of blade length for isotropic and composite beams with no coupling between modes are similarly predicted by 1-D and 3-D analyses, except for torsion frequency, where 1-D analysis closely follows classical beam theory. With the presence of flap–torsion coupling between modes, the two approaches differ on prediction of the torsion-dominant frequency and significantly on the flap-dominant frequency. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - TURBOMACHINES -- Blades
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - CROSS-sectional method
KW  - TORSION
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - 1-D and 3-D structural modeling
KW  - Blade natural frequencies
KW  - Flexible blade structure
KW  - Helicopter rotor
N1  - Accession Number: 90512843; Truong, Khiem-Van 1; Email Address: khiem-van.truong@onera.fr Yeo, Hyeonsoo 2; Email Address: hyeonsoo.yeo@us.army.mil Ormiston, Robert A. 2; Email Address: robert.ormiston@us.army.mil; Affiliation:  1: D.A.D.S., ONERA – The French Aerospace Lab, Châtillon, France  2: US Army Aviation Development Directorate – AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Research, Development, and Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p293; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES -- Blades; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: TORSION; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: 1-D and 3-D structural modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blade natural frequencies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flexible blade structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helicopter rotor; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2013.08.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90512843&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Inman, Jennifer A.
AU  - Bathel, Brett F.
AU  - Johansen, Craig T.
AU  - Danehy, Paul M.
AU  - Jones, Stephen B.
AU  - Gragg, Jeffrey G.
AU  - Splinter, Scott C.
T1  - Nitric-Oxide Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements in the Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 51
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2365
EP  - 2379
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Planar laser-induced fluorescence of naturally occurring nitric oxide has been used to provide insight into baseline flow conditions of the Hypersonic Materials Environmental Test System 400 kW arc-heated wind tunnel at NASA Langley Research Center via radial and axial velocity measurements and instantaneous flow-visualization images. This represents both the first flow-tagging velocity measurements and the first application of nitric-oxide planar laserinduced fluorescence flow visualization in an arcjet facility. Results are presented at selected facility run conditions, including some in a simulated Earth atmosphere (75% nitrogen, 20% oxygen, 5% argon) and others in a simulated Martian atmosphere (71% carbon dioxide, 24 % nitrogen, 5 % argon) for specific bulk enthalpies ranging from 6.5 to 184 MJ/kg. Flow-visualization images reveal the presence of large-scale unsteady flow structures and indicate nitric-oxide fluorescence signal over more than 70% of the core flow for specific bulk enthalpies below about 11 MJ/kg but over less than 10% of the core flow for specific bulk enthalpies above about 16 MJ/kg. Axial velocimetry was performed using molecular tagging velocimetry. Axial velocities of about 3 km/s were measured along the centerline. Radial velocimetry was performed by scanning the wavelength of the narrowband laser and analyzing the resulting Doppler shift. Radial velocities of ±0.5 km/s were measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 91254692; Inman, Jennifer A. 1 Bathel, Brett F. 1 Johansen, Craig T. 2 Danehy, Paul M. 1 Jones, Stephen B. 1 Gragg, Jeffrey G. 1 Splinter, Scott C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 51 Issue 10, p2365; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052246
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91254692&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gray, Justin
AU  - Moore, Kenneth T.
AU  - Hearn, Tristan A.
AU  - Naylor, Bret A.
T1  - Standard Platform for Benchmarking Multidisciplinary Design Analysis and Optimization Architectures.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 51
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2380
EP  - 2394
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization community has developed a multitude of algorithms and techniques, called architectures, for performing optimizations on complex engineering systems that involve coupling between multiple discipline analyses. These architectures seek to efficiently handle optimizations with computationally expensive analyses including multiple disciplines. A new testing procedure is proposed that can provide a quantitative and qualitative means of comparison among architectures. The proposed test procedure is implemented within the open-source framework, OpenMDAO, and comparative results are presented for five wellknown architectures: multiple design feasible, individual design feasible, collaborative optimization, bilevel integrated systems synthesis, and bilevel integrated systems synthesis 2000. How using open-source software development methods can allow the multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization community to submit new problems and architectures to keep the test suite relevant is also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization
KW  - ENGINEERING -- Research
KW  - OPEN source software
N1  - Accession Number: 91254693; Gray, Justin 1 Moore, Kenneth T. 1 Hearn, Tristan A. 1 Naylor, Bret A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 51 Issue 10, p2380; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; Subject Term: MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization; Subject Term: ENGINEERING -- Research; Subject Term: OPEN source software; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052160
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91254693&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Jacob
AU  - Schatzman, David
AU  - Arad, Eran
AU  - Seifert, Avraham
AU  - Shtendel, Tom
T1  - Suction and Pulsed-Blowing Flow Control Applied to an Axisymmetric Body.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 51
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2432
EP  - 2446
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A flow-control study using steady suction and pulsed blowing in close proximity was conducted on an axisymmetric bluff body at length-based Reynolds numbers between 1.0 and 4.0 x 106. The study included a coupled incremental computational-fluid-dynamics and experimental approach. It began with computations of various model setup designs. Subsequently, flow-control experiments and computations were used to optimize steady suction alone. Finally, flow control was provided by a synchronized array of 28 suction and oscillatory blowing actuators, positioned slightly upstream of the baseline separation. Results show suction alone has a limited ability to delay separation and reduce drag on this geometry. Suction located far from the baseline separation is shown to actually increase drag. Addition of pulsed blowing enables separation delay to the trailing edge and drag to be nullified. Increased overall system efficiency, including estimated total actuator power invested, was found at low momentum input for optimally located steady suction and pulsed blowing. This was partially attributed to the particular geometry used because the active flow-control system shows a robust ability to delay separation. Not all measured trends were predicted by computation due to the complex nature of this configuration and the active flow-control system characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - CONTROL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - ACTUATORS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 91254697; Wilson, Jacob 1 Schatzman, David 2 Arad, Eran 3 Seifert, Avraham 4 Shtendel, Tom 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Science and Technology Corporation, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Rafael Ltd., 31021 Haifa, Israel  4: Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 51 Issue 10, p2432; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: CONTROL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: ACTUATORS -- Research; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052333
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91254697&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Materese, Christopher K.
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - Thymine and Other Prebiotic Molecules Produced from the Ultraviolet Photo-Irradiation of Pyrimidine in Simple Astrophysical Ice Analogs.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 13
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 948
EP  - 962
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The informational subunits of RNA or DNA consist of substituted N-heterocyclic compounds that fall into two groups: those based on purine (C5H4N4) (adenine and guanine) and those based on pyrimidine (C4H4N2) (uracil, cytosine, and thymine). Although not yet detected in the interstellar medium, N-heterocycles, including the nucleobase uracil, have been reported in carbonaceous chondrites. Recent laboratory experiments and ab initio calculations have shown that the irradiation of pyrimidine in ices containing H2O, NH3, or both leads to the abiotic production of substituted pyrimidines, including the nucleobases uracil and cytosine. In this work, we studied the methylation and oxidation of pyrimidine in CH3OH:pyrimidine, H2O:CH3OH:pyrimidine, CH4:pyrimidine, and H2O:CH4:pyrimidine ices irradiated with UV photons under astrophysically relevant conditions. The nucleobase thymine was detected in the residues from some of the mixtures. Our results suggest that the abundance of abiotic thymine produced by ice photolysis and delivered to the early Earth may have been significantly lower than that of uracil. Insofar as the delivery of extraterrestrial molecules was important for early biological chemistry on early Earth, these results suggest that there was more uracil than thymine available for emergent life, a scenario consistent with the RNA world hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYRIMIDINES
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - THYMINE
KW  - PREBIOTICS
KW  - URACIL
KW  - ICE -- Spectra
KW  - Cometary ices
KW  - Interstellar ices
KW  - Molecular processes
KW  - Nucleobases
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
KW  - Pyrimidine
N1  - Accession Number: 103603700; Materese, Christopher K. 1,2 Nuevo, Michel 1,2 Bera, Partha P. 1,3 Lee, Timothy J. 1 Sandford, Scott A. 1; Email Address: Scott.A.Sandford@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, California  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 13 Issue 10, preceding p948; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINES; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: THYMINE; Subject Term: PREBIOTICS; Subject Term: URACIL; Subject Term: ICE -- Spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cometary ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleobases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrimidine; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.1044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103603700&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andersson, B-G
AU  - Piirola, V.
AU  - Buizer, J. De
AU  - Clemens, D. P.
AU  - Uomoto, A.
AU  - Charcos-Llorens, M.
AU  - Geballe, T. R.
AU  - Lazarian, A.
AU  - Hoang, T.
AU  - Vornanen, T.
T1  - EVIDENCE FOR H2 FORMATION DRIVEN DUST GRAIN ALIGNMENT IN IC 63.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/10//10/1/2013
VL  - 775
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 84
EP  - 99
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In the interstellar medium (ISM), molecular hydrogen is expected to form almost exclusively on the surfaces of dust grains. Due to that molecule's large formation energy (–4.5 eV), several dynamical effects are likely associated with the process, including the alignment of asymmetric dust grains with the ambient magnetic field. Such aligned dust grains are, in turn, believed to cause the broadband optical/infrared polarization observed in the ISM. Here, we present the first observational evidence for grain alignment driven by H2 formation, by showing that the polarization of the light from stars behind the reflection nebula IC 63 appears to correlate with the intensity of H2 fluorescence. While our results strongly suggest a role for “Purcell rockets” in grain alignment, additional observations are needed to conclusively confirm their role. By showing a direct connection between H2 formation and a probe of the dust characteristics, these results also provide one of the first direct confirmations of the grain-surface formation of H2. We compare our observations to ab initio modeling based on Radiative Torque Alignment (RAT) theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - INTERSTELLAR reddening
KW  - GRAIN dust
KW  - INTERSTELLAR hydrogen
N1  - Accession Number: 94288484; Andersson, B-G 1; Email Address: bg@sofia.usra.edu Piirola, V. 2 Buizer, J. De 1 Clemens, D. P. 3 Uomoto, A. 4 Charcos-Llorens, M. 1 Geballe, T. R. 5 Lazarian, A. 6 Hoang, T. 6 Vornanen, T. 7; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Center, USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. N211-3 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland  3: Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  4: Observatories of the Carnegie Institution, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  5: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA  7: Tuorla Observatory, University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland; Source Info: 10/1/2013, Vol. 775 Issue 2, p84; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR reddening; Subject Term: GRAIN dust; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR hydrogen; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/775/2/84
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94288484&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McClure, M. K.
AU  - D'Alessio, P.
AU  - Calvet, N.
AU  - Espaillat, C.
AU  - Hartmann, L.
AU  - Sargent, B.
AU  - Watson, D. M.
AU  - Ingleby, L.
AU  - Hernández, J.
T1  - CURVED WALLS: GRAIN GROWTH, SETTLING, AND COMPOSITION PATTERNS IN T TAURI DISK DUST SUBLIMATION FRONTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/10//10/1/2013
VL  - 775
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 114
EP  - 124
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The dust sublimation walls of disks around T Tauri stars represent a directly observable cross-section through the disk atmosphere and midplane. Their emission properties can probe the grain size distribution and composition of the innermost regions of the disk, where terrestrial planets form. Here we calculate the inner dust sublimation wall properties for four classical T Tauri stars with a narrow range of spectral types and inclination angles and a wide range of mass accretion rates to determine the extent to which the walls are radially curved. Best fits to the near- and mid-IR excesses are found for curved, two-layer walls in which the lower layer contains larger, hotter, amorphous pyroxene grains with Mg/(Mg+Fe) = 0.6 and the upper layer contains submicron, cooler, mixed amorphous olivine and forsterite grains. As the mass accretion rates decrease from 10–8 to 10–10M☼ yr–1, the maximum grain size in the lower layer decreases from ∼3 to 0.5 μm. We attribute this to a decrease in fragmentation and turbulent support for micron-sized grains with decreasing viscous heating. The atmosphere of these disks is depleted of dust with dust-gas mass ratios 1 × 10–4 of the interstellar medium (ISM) value, while the midplane is enhanced to eight times the ISM value. For all accretion rates, the wall contributes at least half of the flux in the optically thin 10 μm silicate feature. Finally, we find evidence for an iron gradient in the disk, suggestive of that found in our solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES -- Research
KW  - METEORS -- Research
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - T Tauri stars
KW  - HERBIG Ae/Be stars
N1  - Accession Number: 94288451; McClure, M. K. 1,2,3; Email Address: melisma@umich.edu D'Alessio, P. 4; Email Address: p.dalessio@astrosmo.unam.mx Calvet, N. 1; Email Address: ncalvet@umich.edu Espaillat, C. 5,6; Email Address: cespaillat@cfa.harvard.edu Hartmann, L. 1; Email Address: lhartm@umich.edu Sargent, B. 7; Email Address: baspci@rit.edu Watson, D. M. 8; Email Address: dmw@pas.rochester.edu Ingleby, L. 1; Email Address: lingleby@umich.edu Hernández, J. 9; Email Address: hernandj@cida.ve; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, The University of Michigan, 500 Church Street, 830 Dennison Building., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  2: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  4: Centro de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 58089 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico  5: Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: NASA Sagan Exoplanet Fellow.  7: Center for Imaging Science and Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, Rochester Institute of Technology, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA  9: Centro de Investigaciones de Astronomía (CIDA), Mérida 5101-A, Venezuela; Source Info: 10/1/2013, Vol. 775 Issue 2, p114; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Research; Subject Term: METEORS -- Research; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: T Tauri stars; Subject Term: HERBIG Ae/Be stars; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/775/2/114
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94288451&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Streets, David G.
AU  - Canty, Timothy
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - de Foy, Benjamin
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Edwards, David P.
AU  - Haynes, John A.
AU  - Henze, Daven K.
AU  - Houyoux, Marc R.
AU  - Jacob, Daniel J.
AU  - Krotkov, Nickolay A.
AU  - Lamsal, Lok N.
AU  - Liu, Yang
AU  - Lu, Zifeng
AU  - Martin, Randall V.
AU  - Pfister, Gabriele G.
AU  - Pinder, Robert W.
AU  - Salawitch, Ross J.
AU  - Wecht, Kevin J.
T1  - Emissions estimation from satellite retrievals: A review of current capability.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 77
M3  - Article
SP  - 1011
EP  - 1042
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Since the mid-1990s a new generation of Earth-observing satellites has been able to detect tropospheric air pollution at increasingly high spatial and temporal resolution. Most primary emitted species can be measured by one or more of the instruments. This review article addresses the question of how well we can relate the satellite measurements to quantification of primary emissions and what advances are needed to improve the usability of the measurements by U.S. air quality managers. Built on a comprehensive literature review and comprising input by both satellite experts and emission inventory specialists, the review identifies several targets that seem promising: large point sources of NO x  and SO2, species that are difficult to measure by other means (NH3 and CH4, for example), area sources that cannot easily be quantified by traditional bottom-up methods (such as unconventional oil and gas extraction, shipping, biomass burning, and biogenic sources), and the temporal variation of emissions (seasonal, diurnal, episodic). Techniques that enhance the usefulness of current retrievals (data assimilation, oversampling, multi-species retrievals, improved vertical profiles, etc.) are discussed. Finally, we point out the value of having new geostationary satellites like GEO-CAPE and TEMPO over North America that could provide measurements at high spatial (few km) and temporal (hourly) resolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - GAS extraction
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - NITROGEN oxides emission control
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - LITERATURE reviews
KW  - Air quality management
KW  - Data assimilation
KW  - Emission inventories
KW  - National Emission Inventory
KW  - Satellite retrievals
N1  - Accession Number: 89615943; Streets, David G. 1; Email Address: dstreets@anl.gov Canty, Timothy 2 Carmichael, Gregory R. 3 de Foy, Benjamin 4 Dickerson, Russell R. 2 Duncan, Bryan N. 5 Edwards, David P. 6 Haynes, John A. 7 Henze, Daven K. 8 Houyoux, Marc R. 9 Jacob, Daniel J. 10 Krotkov, Nickolay A. 5 Lamsal, Lok N. 5 Liu, Yang 11 Lu, Zifeng 1 Martin, Randall V. 12 Pfister, Gabriele G. 6 Pinder, Robert W. 13 Salawitch, Ross J. 2 Wecht, Kevin J. 10; Affiliation:  1: Decision and Information Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  3: Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA  4: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA  5: Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  7: Earth Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546, USA  8: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  9: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA  10: School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  11: Department of Environmental Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA  12: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada  13: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 2771, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 77, p1011; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: GAS extraction; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides emission control; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: LITERATURE reviews; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission inventories; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Emission Inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite retrievals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 213118 Services to oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.05.051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89615943&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
AU  - Hiatt, Cyrus
T1  - Forest production predicted from satellite image analysis for the Southeast Asia region.
JO  - Carbon Balance & Management
JF  - Carbon Balance & Management
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 17500680
AB  - Background: The objective of this study was to demonstrate a new, cost-effective method to define the sustainable amounts of harvested wood products in Southeast Asian countries case studies, while avoiding degradation (net loss) of total wood carbon stocks. Satellite remote sensing from the MODIS sensor was used in the CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) carbon cycle model to map forest production for the Southeast Asia region from 2000 to 2010. These CASA model results have been designed to be spatially detailed enough to support carbon cycle assessments in different wooded land cover classes, e.g., open woodlands, wetlands, and forest areas. Results: The country with the highest average forest net primary production (NPP greater than 950 g C m-2 yr-1) over the period was the Philippines, followed by Malaysia and Indonesia. Myanmar and Vietnam had the lowest average forest NPP among the region's countries at less than 815 g C m-2 yr-1. Case studies from throughout the Southeast Asia region for the maximum harvested wood products amount that could be sustainably extracted per year were generated using the CASA model NPP predictions. Conclusions: The method of using CASA model's estimated annual change in forest carbon on a yearly basis can conservatively define the upper limit for the amount of harvested wood products that can be removed and still avoid degradation (net loss) of the total wood carbon stock over that same time period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon Balance & Management is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST products
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - FOREST degradation
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - GROUND cover plants
KW  - SOUTHEAST Asia
KW  - Carbon cycle
KW  - Forest production
KW  - Harvested wood products
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Southeast Asia
N1  - Accession Number: 91354231; Potter, Christopher 1 Klooster, Steven 2 Genovese, Vanessa 2 Hiatt, Cyrus 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: FOREST products; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: FOREST degradation; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: GROUND cover plants; Subject Term: SOUTHEAST Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harvested wood products; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Southeast Asia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484233 Forest products trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 113210 Forest Nurseries and Gathering of Forest Products; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1750-0680-8-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91354231&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lloyd, Shane A.
AU  - Ferguson, Virginia S.
AU  - Simske, Steven J.
AU  - Dunlap, Alexander W.
AU  - Livingston, Eric W.
AU  - Bateman, Ted A.
T1  - Housing in the Animal Enclosure Module Spaceflight Hardware Increases Trabecular Bone Mass in Ground-Control Mice.
JO  - Gravitational & Space Biology
JF  - Gravitational & Space Biology
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 19
SN  - 1089988X
AB  - During spaceflight, mice are housed in specially designed cages called the Animal Enclosure Module (AEM). Utilization of this flight hardware may affect the skeletal properties of housed animals, independent of microgravity considerations. To address this issue, we studied the effect of 13 days of AEM housing versus standard vivarium enclosure on female C57BL/6J mice (n=12/group). The effects of AEM housing were most pronounced in the trabecular compartment. AEM mice had 44% and 144% greater trabecular bone volume fraction and connectivity density, respectively, versus vivarium. A similar response was seen at the proximal humerus. We noted a decrease in proximal tibia osteoclast surface (-65%) and eroded surface (-73%) for AEM versus vivarium, while tibia trabecular mineralizing surface (MS/BS) was nearly three-fold greater. Surprisingly, there was also decreased osteoblast surface, as well as lower osteoid volume, surface, and thickness at this site. The effects of AEM housing on femur cortical bone were modest: there was greater periosteal MS/BS, with no effect at the endocortical surface, and lower femur stiffness. Taken together, we have demonstrated significant effects of AEM housing on ground control mice, particularly in the trabecular bone compartment. These findings suggest that an early increase in bone formation, perhaps due to altered behavior and loading in this unique housing environment, was followed by decreased bone formation and resorption as the animals adapted to their new environment. Characterization of spaceflight animal housing is critical to elucidating the true effects of microgravity on skeletal parameters and for the proper selection of ground-based controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Gravitational & Space Biology is the property of American Society for Gravitational & Space Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - CANCELLOUS bone
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - ANIMAL housing
KW  - Animal Enclosure Module
KW  - Bone
KW  - Ground Control
KW  - Histomorphometry
KW  - Housing
KW  - Mechanical Testing
KW  - Mice
KW  - Microcomputed Tomography
KW  - Spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 92046287; Lloyd, Shane A. 1 Ferguson, Virginia S. 2,3 Simske, Steven J. 2,4 Dunlap, Alexander W. 5 Livingston, Eric W. 6,7 Bateman, Ted A. 6,7; Email Address: bateman@unc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine  2: BioServe Space Technologies, University of Colorado  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado  4: Hewlett-Packard Labs  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters  6: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill  7: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p2; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: CANCELLOUS bone; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ANIMAL housing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal Enclosure Module; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground Control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Histomorphometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Housing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical Testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microcomputed Tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812910 Pet Care (except Veterinary) Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ronca, April E.
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Souza, Kenneth A.
T1  - Mammalian Reproduction and Development on the International Space Station (ISS): Proceedings of the Rodent Mark III Habitat Workshop.
JO  - Gravitational & Space Biology
JF  - Gravitational & Space Biology
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 1
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 123
SN  - 1089988X
AB  - The Mark III Rodent Habitat Workshop was held at NASA Ames Research Center on March 21-22, 2013 to prepare top-level science requirements for developing a habitat to support studies of mammalian reproduction and development on the International Space Station (ISS). This timely workshop assembled a diverse team with expertise in reproductive and developmental biology, behavior, space biosciences, habitat development, physiology, mouse genetics, veterinary medicine, rodent husbandry, flight hardware development (rodent), and spaceflight operations. Participants received overview presentations from each discipline, discussed concerns, potential risks, and risk mitigations corresponding to distinctive reproductive and developmental phases, and reviewed specific examples of research within the major space bioscience disciplines requiring a Mark III habitat to achieve their objectives. In this review, we present the workshop materials and products, and summarize major recommendations for defining the requirements envelope for the NASA Rodent Habitat (RH) Mark III. Development of this habitat will permit the first long duration studies of mammalian reproduction and development in space, within and across generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Gravitational & Space Biology is the property of American Society for Gravitational & Space Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - MAMMAL reproduction
KW  - RODENTS as laboratory animals
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - Animal Habitat
KW  - Multigenerational Studies
KW  - Reproduction
KW  - Rodent
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 92046293; Ronca, April E. 1,2 Alwood, Joshua S. 1 Globus, Ruth K. 1 Souza, Kenneth A. 3; Email Address: Kenneth.A.Souza@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Biosciences Branch, Mail Stop 236-7, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Molecular Medicine & Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101  3: Logyx, LLC, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 1 Issue 1, p107; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: MAMMAL reproduction; Subject Term: RODENTS as laboratory animals; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal Habitat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multigenerational Studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reproduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rodent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verma, Savvy
AU  - Kozon, Thomas
AU  - Ballinger, Debbi
AU  - Farrahi, Amir
T1  - Functional Allocation of Roles Between Humans and Automation for a Pairing Tool Used for Simultaneous Approaches.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2013/10//Oct-Dec2013
VL  - 23
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 335
EP  - 367
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Aircraft operations on parallel runways continue to motivate research into tools that can improve capacity safely by defining and automating procedures. However, there is no formal process or automation tool today to assist the air traffic controller with pairing aircraft for simultaneous approaches. To address this need, a controller-based aircraft pairing tool to assist controllers in pairing and aligning aircraft for simultaneous arrivals to parallel runways 750 ft apart was developed. Two simulation studies conducted at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center evaluated different stages of evolution of this tool. The respective roles of the controller and the automation tool were adjusted in the second experiment based on the results of the first experiment. Results indicate improvement on all dependent variables in the second study and suggest an implementation in a broader sense in light of the benefits provided by “adaptable” automation (Scerbo, 2001) where changes in the levels of automation are evoked by the user's actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 91257082; Verma, Savvy 1; Email Address: savita.a.verma@nasa.gov Kozon, Thomas 1 Ballinger, Debbi 1 Farrahi, Amir 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Oct-Dec2013, Vol. 23 Issue 4, p335; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 33p; Illustrations: 4 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 5 Charts, 14 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2013.833764
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Konishi, Christopher
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Criteria for negating the influence of gravity on flow boiling critical heat flux with two-phase inlet conditions.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 65
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 218
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: This study explores the complex flow boiling CHF mechanisms encountered at different orientations relative to Earth’s gravity when the fluid is supplied as a two-phase mixture. Using FC-72 as working fluid, different CHF regimes are identified for different orientations, mass velocities and inlet qualities. Low mass velocities are shown to produce the greatest sensitivity to orientation, while high mass velocities greatly reduce this influence, especially for high inlet qualities. It is also shown that the influence of orientation can be negated by simultaneously satisfying three separate criteria: overcoming the influence of gravity perpendicular to the heated wall, overcoming the influence of gravity parallel to the heated wall, and ensuring that the heated wall is sufficiently long to ensure liquid contact. These criteria are combined to determine the minimum mass velocity required to negate gravity effects in both terrestrial and space applications. Exceeding this minimum is of paramount importance to space systems since it enables the implementation of the vast body of published CHF data, correlations and models developed from terrestrial studies for design of thermal management systems for space applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - EBULLITION
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - WORKING fluids
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Flow orientation
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 89741098; Konishi, Christopher 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 65, p203; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: EBULLITION; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: WORKING fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.05.070
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - van der Meer, Frans P.
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
T1  - Cohesive modeling of transverse cracking in laminates under in-plane loading with a single layer of elements per ply.
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 50
IS  - 20/21
M3  - Article
SP  - 3308
EP  - 3318
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Highlights: [•] We apply cohesive analysis to the classical case of transverse cracking in laminates. [•] The in situ transverse strength is obtained accurately as output of the simulations. [•] To obtain the same with a single element per ply the interface is made deformable. [•] Analytical shear lag analysis is used to determine the interface stiffness. [•] The approach is shown to work also for crack density predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - COHESIVE strength (Mechanics)
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - Cohesive zone modeling
KW  - Composite laminates
KW  - Extended finite element method
KW  - Fracture
KW  - In situ strength
KW  - Transverse cracking
N1  - Accession Number: 89350869; van der Meer, Frans P. 1; Email Address: f.p.vandermeer@tudelft.nl Dávila, Carlos G. 2; Email Address: carlos.g.davila@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, PO Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 50 Issue 20/21, p3308; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: COHESIVE strength (Mechanics); Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive zone modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite laminates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extended finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transverse cracking; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2013.06.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Yuru
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - Wilkinson, Allen
T1  - Measurement of Small Cohesion of JSC-1A Lunar Simulant.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 26
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 882
EP  - 886
PB  - American Society of Civil Engineers
SN  - 08931321
AB  - Because of the difficulty of applying low, effective confining pressure in a triaxial test, the reported small cohesion of JSC-1A lunar simulant from past research is neither accurate nor reliable. To develop an effective way to measure the cohesion parameter, a new method was adopted and demonstrated. As the value of the critical height of a vertical cut is proportional to the cohesion of a soil, the cohesion of JSC-1A simulant was obtained through simple calculations based on the critical height measured. Footprint demonstrations were also used to illustrate the existence of cohesion in JSC-1A simulant, in a comparison with the photograph of footprints of astronauts on the Moon. A group of critical height tests was conducted to obtain the cohesion of lunar simulant JSC-1A for a range of densities from . It was found that the cohesion of JSC-1A simulant varies in the range from 0.0 to 1.1 kPa, in an approximately linear relationship with the soil density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COHESION
KW  - FOOTPRINTS
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - SOIL density
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SOIL mechanics
KW  - Cohesion
KW  - Critical height
KW  - JSC-1A lunar soil simulant
KW  - Lunar materials
KW  - Measurement
KW  - Soils
KW  - Triaxial tests
N1  - Accession Number: 90259315; Li, Yuru Zeng, Xiangwu 1 Wilkinson, Allen 2; Affiliation:  1: Frank H. Neff Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201 (corresponding author). E-mail:  2: Research Scientist, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 26 Issue 4, p882; Subject Term: COHESION; Subject Term: FOOTPRINTS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Subject Term: SOIL density; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: SOIL mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical height; Author-Supplied Keyword: JSC-1A lunar soil simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soils; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triaxial tests; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000197
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Kotov, D.V.
AU  - Wang, Wei
AU  - Shu, Chi-Wang
T1  - Corrigendum to “Spurious behavior of shock-capturing methods by the fractional step approach: Problems containing stiff source terms and discontinuities” [J. Comput. Phys. 241 (2013) 266–291].
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 250
M3  - Correction notice
SP  - 703
EP  - 712
SN  - 00219991
N1  - Accession Number: 89034704; Yee, H.C. 1; Email Address: Helen.M.Yee@nasa.gov Kotov, D.V. 2 Wang, Wei 3 Shu, Chi-Wang 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Stanford Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford, CA 94305-3035, USA  3: Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA  4: Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 250, p703; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Correction notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2013.05.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sung N. Jung
AU  - Young H. You
AU  - Benton H. Lau
AU  - Wayne Johnson
AU  - Joon W. Lim
T1  - Evaluation of Rotor Structural and Aerodynamic Loads Using Measured Blade Properties.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 58
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The structural properties of Higher Harmonic Aeroacoustic Rotor Test (HART I) blades have been measured using the original set of blades tested in the wind tunnel in 1994. A comprehensive rotor dynamics analysis is performed to address the effect of the measured blade properties on airloads, blade motions, and structural loads of the rotor. The measurements include bending and torsion stiffness, geometric offsets, and mass and inertia properties of the blade. The measured properties are correlated against the estimated values obtained by the manufacturer of the blades. The previously estimated blade properties showed consistently higher stiffnesses, up to 30%for the flap bending in the blade inboard root section. The measured offset between the center of gravity and the elastic axis is larger by about 5%chord length, as compared with the estimated value. A comprehensive rotor dynamics analysis is carried out using the measured blade property set for HART I rotor. A significant improvement in blade motions and structural loads is obtained with the measured blade properties. The location of the center of gravity and the elastic axis and their offset are shown to be the most influential factors for the improved correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DYNAMIC testing
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - CENTER of mass
N1  - Accession Number: 93999264; Sung N. Jung 1; Email Address: snjung@konkuk.ac.kr Young H. You 1 Benton H. Lau 2 Wayne Johnson 2 Joon W. Lim 3; Affiliation:  1: Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 58, p1; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DYNAMIC testing; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: CENTER of mass; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.58.042004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Theodore, Colin R.
AU  - Tischler, Mark B.
T1  - Development and Operation of an Automatic Rotor Trim Control System for the UH-60 Individual Blade Control Wind Tunnel Test.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 58
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - An automatic rotor trim control system was developed and used successfully during a wind tunnel test of a full-scale UH-60 rotor system with individual blade control (IBC) actuators. The trim control system allowed rotor trim to be set more quickly, precisely, and repeatably than in previous wind tunnel tests. This control system also allowed the rotor trim state to be maintained during transients and drift in wind tunnel flow and through changes in IBC actuation. The ability to maintain a consistent rotor trim state was key to quickly and accurately evaluating the effect of IBC on rotor performance, vibration, noise, and loads. This paper presents details of the design and implementation of the trim control system including the rotor system hardware, trim control requirements, and trim control hardware and software implementation. Results are presented showing the effect of IBC on rotor trim and dynamic response, a validation of the rotor dynamic simulation used to calculate the initial control gains and tuning of the control system, and the overall performance of the trim control system during the wind tunnel test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - DYNAMICS
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 93999267; Theodore, Colin R. 1; Email Address: ctheodore@mail.arc.nasa.gov Tischler, Mark B.; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 58, p1; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: DYNAMICS; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.58.042007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crucian, Brian
AU  - Quiriarte, Heather
AU  - Guess, Terry
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - McMonigal, Kathleen
AU  - Sams, Clarence
T1  - A Miniaturized Analyzer Capable of White-Blood- Cell and Differential Analyses During Spaceflight.
JO  - Laboratory Medicine
JF  - Laboratory Medicine
Y1  - 2013///Fall2013
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 304
EP  - 312
SN  - 00075027
AB  - Spaceflight has adverse effects on the human body that pose health risks to astronauts spending extended time in space missions. For clinical monitoring of astronauts and for in-flight biomedical research, laboratory instruments must be available in the spaceflight environment. Currently, no instrument has been shown to be capable of generating a white blood cell (WBC) count and differential during spaceflight to our knowledge, although this is a medical requirement of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). We evaluated a compact hematology analyzer for compatibility with a zero-gravity environment. We performed analyses in reduced-gravity during parabolic flight. Herein, we describe our engineering evaluation and report the reduced-gravity validation data we collected. The hematology analyzer we tested met the basic requirements for use in spaceflight and should be capable of accurately measuring WBC parameters aboard the International Space Station. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Laboratory Medicine is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - LEUCOCYTES
KW  - MINIATURE electronic equipment
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - RESEARCH -- Finance
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - PRODUCT design
KW  - MEDICAL device reliability
KW  - DATA analysis -- Software
KW  - AUTOANALYZERS
KW  - LEUKOCYTE count
KW  - hematology analyzer
KW  - spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 93647854; Crucian, Brian 1; Email Address: brian.crucian-1@nasa.gov Quiriarte, Heather 2 Guess, Terry 3 Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 4 McMonigal, Kathleen 1 Sams, Clarence 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)-Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  2: JES Tech, LLC, Houston, Texas  3: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering, Houston, Texas  4: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas; Source Info: Fall2013, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p304; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: LEUCOCYTES; Subject Term: MINIATURE electronic equipment; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: PRODUCT design; Subject Term: MEDICAL device reliability; Subject Term: DATA analysis -- Software; Subject Term: AUTOANALYZERS; Subject Term: LEUKOCYTE count; Author-Supplied Keyword: hematology analyzer; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541420 Industrial Design Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1309/LMD3THAYCHICF2XT
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Low temperature creep of hot-extruded near-stoichiometric NiTi shape memory alloy part I: Isothermal creep.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 581
M3  - Article
SP  - 145
EP  - 153
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: This two-part paper is the first published report on the long term, low temperature creep of hot-extruded near-stoichiometric NiTi. Constant load tensile creep tests were conducted on hot-extruded near-stoichiometric NiTi at 300, 373 and 473K under initial applied stresses varying between 200 and 350MPa as long as 15 months. These temperatures corresponded to the martensitic, two-phase and austenitic phase regions, respectively. Normal primary creep lasting several months was observed under all conditions indicating dislocation activity. Although steady-state creep was not observed under these conditions, the estimated creep rates varied between 10−10 and 10−9 s−1. The creep behavior of the two phases showed significant differences. The martensitic phase exhibited a large strain on loading followed by a primary creep region accumulating a small amount of strain over a period of several months. The loading strain was attributed to the detwinning of the martensitic phase whereas the subsequent strain accumulation was attributed to dislocation glide-controlled creep. An “incubation period” was observed before the occurrence of detwinning. In contrast, the austenitic phase exhibited a relatively smaller loading strain followed by a primary creep region, where the creep strain continued to increase over several months. It is concluded that the creep of the austenitic phase occurs by a dislocation glide-controlled creep mechanism as well as by the nucleation and growth of deformation twins. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - AUSTENITIC steel
KW  - Intermetallic alloys
KW  - Low temperature creep
KW  - NiTi
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 89433755; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Noebe, R.D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 581, p145; Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: AUSTENITIC steel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intermetallic alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2013.04.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Low temperature creep of hot-extruded near-stoichiometric NiTi shape memory alloy part II: Effect of thermal cycling.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 581
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 163
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Abstract: This paper is the first report on the effect prior low temperature creep on the thermal cycling behavior of NiTi. The isothermal low temperature creep behavior of near-stoichiometric NiTi between 300 and 473K was discussed in part I. The effect of temperature cycling on its creep behavior is reported in the present paper (part II). Temperature cycling tests were conducted between either 300 or 373K and 473K under a constant applied stress of either 250 or 350MPa with hold times lasting at each temperature varying between 300 and 700h. Each specimen was pre-crept either at 300 or 473K for several months under an identical applied stress as that used in the subsequent thermal cycling tests. Irrespective of the initial pre-crept microstructures, the specimens exhibited a considerable increase in strain with each thermal cycle so that the total strain continued to build-up to 15% to 20% after only 5 cycles. Creep strains were immeasurably small during the hold periods. It is demonstrated that the strains in the austenite and martensite are linearly correlated. Interestingly, the differential irrecoverable strain, Δε irr, in the material measured in either phase decreases with increasing number of cycles, N, as Δε irr=4.3(N)−0.5 similar to the well-known Manson–Coffin relation in low cycle fatigue. Both phases are shown to undergo strain hardening due to the development of residual stresses. Plots of true creep rate against absolute temperature showed distinct peaks and valleys during the cool-down and heat-up portions of the thermal cycles, respectively. Transformation temperatures determined from the creep data revealed that the austenitic start and finish temperatures were more sensitive to the pre-crept martensitic phase than to the pre-crept austenitic phase. The results are discussed in terms of a phenomenological model, where it is suggested that thermal cycling between the austenitic and martensitic phase temperatures or vice versa results in the deformation of the austenite and a corresponding development of a back stress due to a significant increase in the dislocation density during thermal cycling. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - MARTENSITIC structure
KW  - Low temperature creep
KW  - NiTi
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Thermo-mechanical cycling
N1  - Accession Number: 89433756; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov Noebe, R.D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 581, p154; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermo-mechanical cycling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2013.04.095
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Fei
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Chang, Chau-Lyan
AU  - White, Jeffery
T1  - Effects of injection on the instability of boundary layers over hypersonic configurations.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 25
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 104107
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Computations are performed to study the boundary layer instability mechanisms pertaining to hypersonic vehicles with significant ablative effects. The process of laminar-turbulent transition over vehicles with ablative heat shields can be influenced by both the out-gassing associated with surface pyrolysis and the resulting modification of surface geometry including the formation of micro-roughness. To isolate the effects of out-gassing, this paper examines the stability of canonical boundary layer flows over smooth surfaces in the presence of gas injection into the boundary layer, with an emphasis on the case of massive injection that is relevant to previous laboratory experiments. For a slender cone, the effects of strong out-gassing on the predominantly second mode instability are found to be weakly stabilizing. This new, somewhat surprising result is confirmed by computations carried out on a flat plate boundary layer at high Mach numbers. In contrast, for a blunt capsule flow dominated by first mode instability, the effect of out-gassing is shown to be strongly destabilizing, consistent with the well-known behavior of subsonic boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - HYPERSONICS
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - SURFACE geometry
KW  - GAS injection
KW  - SUBSONIC flow
N1  - Accession Number: 91763775; Li, Fei 1 Choudhari, Meelan 1 Chang, Chau-Lyan 1 White, Jeffery 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 25 Issue 10, p104107; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: HYPERSONICS; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: SURFACE geometry; Subject Term: GAS injection; Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4825038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BENDEK, EDUARDO A.
AU  - GUYON, OLIVIER
AU  - AMMONS, S. MARK
AU  - BELIKOV, RUSLAN
T1  - Laboratory Demonstration of Astrometric Compensation Using a Diffractive Pupil.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 125
IS  - 932
M3  - Article
SP  - 1212
EP  - 1225
SN  - 00046280
AB  - Astrometry is a promising exoplanet detection and characterization technique that can detect earthsize exoplanets if submicroarcsecond precision is achieved. However, instrumentation available today can only reach in the order of 10² microarcseconds, mainly limited by long-term dynamic distortions on wide-field observations. To overcome this problem, we propose the implementation of a diffractive pupil, which has an array of microscopic dots imprinted on the primary mirror coating. The dots create diffractive spikes on the focal plane that are used to calibrate image plane distortions that degrade the astrometric measurement precision. This astrometry technique can be utilized simultaneously with coronagraphy for exhaustive characterization of exoplanets (mass, spectra, orbit). We designed and built an astrometry laboratory to validate the diffractive pupil ability to calibrate distortions and stabilize wide-field astrometric measurements over time. We achieved a precision of 0.0123 px, which represents 42% of the 0.0288 px stability measured for this setup before the calibration. On sky units, this result is equivalent to 3:42 × 10-3?=D that corresponds to 150 µas for a 2.4 m telescope at 500 nm wavelength. Also, at large field angles the distortion error was reduced by a factor of 5 when the calibration was used, proving its effectiveness for large field of view. We present an astrometry error budget here to explain the source of the residual error observed when the diffractive pupil calibration is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - DIFFRACTIVE optical elements
KW  - PUPIL (Eye)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - TELESCOPES
N1  - Accession Number: 91755210; BENDEK, EDUARDO A. 1 GUYON, OLIVIER 2,3 AMMONS, S. MARK 4 BELIKOV, RUSLAN 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721  3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, Livermore, CA 94550  4: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 125 Issue 932, p1212; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: DIFFRACTIVE optical elements; Subject Term: PUPIL (Eye); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aurin, Dirk
AU  - Mannino, Antonio
AU  - Franz, Bryan
T1  - Spatially resolving ocean color and sediment dispersion in river plumes, coastal systems, and continental shelf waters.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 137
M3  - Article
SP  - 212
EP  - 225
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Satellite remote sensing of ocean color in dynamic coastal, inland, and nearshore waters is impeded by high variability in optical constituents, demands specialized atmospheric correction, and is limited by instrument sensitivity. To accurately detect dispersion of bio-optical properties, remote sensors require ample signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to sense small variations in ocean color without saturating over bright pixels, an atmospheric correction that can accommodate significant water-leaving radiance in the near infrared (NIR), and spatial and temporal resolution that coincides with the scales of variability in the environment. Several current and historic space-borne sensors have met these requirements with success in the open ocean, but are not optimized for highly red-reflective and heterogeneous waters such as those found near river outflows or in the presence of sediment resuspension. Here we apply analytical approaches for determining optimal spatial resolution, dominant spatial scales of variability (“patches”), and proportions of patch variability that can be resolved from four river plumes around the world between 2008 and 2011. An offshore region in the Sargasso Sea is analyzed for comparison. A method is presented for processing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Aqua and Terra imagery including cloud detection, stray light masking, faulty detector avoidance, and dynamic aerosol correction using short-wave- and near-infrared wavebands in extremely turbid regions which pose distinct optical and technical challenges. Results show that a pixel size of ~520m or smaller is generally required to resolve spatial heterogeneity in ocean color and total suspended materials in river plumes. Optimal pixel size increases with distance from shore to ~630m in nearshore regions, ~750m on the continental shelf, and ~1350m in the open ocean. Greater than 90% of the optical variability within plume regions is resolvable with 500m resolution, and small, but significant, differences were found between peak and nadir river flow periods in terms of optimal resolution and resolvable proportion of variability. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN color -- Measurement
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Geography)
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - COASTS
KW  - CONTINENTAL shelf
KW  - Atmospheric correction
KW  - Coastal oceanography
KW  - Ocean color
KW  - Satellite remote sensing
KW  - Spatial resolution
KW  - Total suspended material
N1  - Accession Number: 89615269; Aurin, Dirk 1,2; Email Address: dirk.a.aurin@nasa.gov Mannino, Antonio 2 Franz, Bryan 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 616, Bldg. 22, Rm. 248, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 137, p212; Subject Term: OCEAN color -- Measurement; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Geography); Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: COASTS; Subject Term: CONTINENTAL shelf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric correction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal oceanography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocean color; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial resolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Total suspended material; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2013.06.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datas, A.
AU  - Chubb, D.L.
AU  - Veeraragavan, A.
T1  - Steady state analysis of a storage integrated solar thermophotovoltaic (SISTPV) system.
JO  - Solar Energy
JF  - Solar Energy
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 45
SN  - 0038092X
AB  - Highlights: [•] We model a novel solar thermophotovoltaic system including thermal storage. [•] Silicon, with a very high latent heat of 1800 kJ/kg, is used as phase-change material. [•] We perform an overall parametric optimization of the full system. [•] Efficiency up to ∼35% and running times after sunset of 10h are approachable. [•] The key benefits are: simplicity, no moving parts, modularity and low weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - HEAT storage
KW  - SILICON
KW  - PHASE change materials
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - Concentrating solar power
KW  - Phase change material
KW  - Photovoltaics
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Solar thermophotovoltaics
KW  - Thermal storage
N1  - Accession Number: 90213448; Datas, A. 1; Email Address: a.datas@ies-def.upm.es Chubb, D.L. 2 Veeraragavan, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Energía Solar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 96, p33; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: HEAT storage; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: PHASE change materials; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Concentrating solar power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase change material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar thermophotovoltaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal storage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solener.2013.07.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Mansour, Nagi
AU  - Kosovichev, Alexander
AU  - Komm, Rudolf
AU  - Longcope, Dana
AU  - Leibacher, John
T1  - Preface.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2013/10//
VL  - 287
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00380938
KW  - PREFACES & forewords
KW  - PERIODICALS -- Articles
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - PERIODICAL publishing
KW  - SOLAR radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 90081383; Mansour, Nagi 1; Email Address: nagi.n.mansour@nasa.gov Kosovichev, Alexander 2; Email Address: sasha@sun.stanford.edu Komm, Rudolf 3; Email Address: rkomm@nso.edu Longcope, Dana 4; Email Address: dana@solar.physics.montana.edu Leibacher, John; Email Address: john.leibacher@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, Moffett Field USA  2: Stanford University, Stanford USA  3: National Solar Observatory, Tucson USA  4: Montana State University, Bozeman USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 287 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: PREFACES & forewords; Subject Term: PERIODICALS -- Articles; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: PERIODICAL publishing; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511120 Periodical Publishers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-013-0377-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davami, Keivan
AU  - Weathers, Annie
AU  - Kheirabi, Nazli
AU  - Mortazavi, Bohayra
AU  - Pettes, Michael T.
AU  - Shi, Li
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Thermal conductivity of ZnTe nanowires.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2013/10/07/
VL  - 114
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 134314
EP  - 134314-7
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The thermal conductivity of individual ZnTe nanowires (NWs) was measured using a suspended micro-bridge device with built-in resistance thermometers. A collection of NWs with different diameters were measured, and strong size-dependent thermal conductivity was observed in these NWs. Compared to bulk ZnTe, NWs with diameters of 280 and 107 nm showed approximately three and ten times reduction in thermal conductivity, respectively. Such a reduction can be attributed to phonon-surface scattering. The contact thermal resistance and the intrinsic thermal conductivities of the nanowires were obtained through a combination of experiments and molecular dynamic simulations. The obtained thermal conductivities agree well with theoretical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NANOWIRES -- Thermal properties
KW  - ZINC telluride
KW  - RESISTANCE thermometers
KW  - PHONONS -- Scattering
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
N1  - Accession Number: 90560345; Davami, Keivan 1 Weathers, Annie 2 Kheirabi, Nazli 1 Mortazavi, Bohayra 3,4 Pettes, Michael T. 2 Shi, Li 2,5 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1 Meyyappan, M. 1,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang,  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas,  3: Centre de Recherche Public Henri Tudor, Department of Advanced Materials and Structures, 66, rue de Luxembourg BP 144, L-4002 Esch/Alzette,  4: Institut de Mécanique des Fluideset des Solides, University of Strasbourg/CNRS, 2 Rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg,  5: Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology, Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas,  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 114 Issue 13, p134314; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NANOWIRES -- Thermal properties; Subject Term: ZINC telluride; Subject Term: RESISTANCE thermometers; Subject Term: PHONONS -- Scattering; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4824687
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Ji
AU  - Fischer, Debra A.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Boyajian, Tabetha S.
AU  - Crepp, Justin R.
AU  - Schwamb, Megan E.
AU  - Lintott, Chris
AU  - Jek, Kian J.
AU  - Smith, Arfon M.
AU  - Parrish, Michael
AU  - Schawinski, Kevin
AU  - Schmitt, Joseph R.
AU  - Giguere, Matthew J.
AU  - Brewer, John M.
AU  - Lynn, Stuart
AU  - Simpson, Robert
AU  - Hoekstra, Abe J.
AU  - Jacobs, Thomas Lee
AU  - LaCourse, Daryll
AU  - Schwengeler, Hans Martin
T1  - PLANET HUNTERS. V. A CONFIRMED JUPITER-SIZE PLANET IN THE HABITABLE ZONE AND 42 PLANET CANDIDATES FROM THE KEPLER ARCHIVE DATAThis publication has been made possible by the participation of more than 200,000 volunteers in the Planet Hunters project. Their contributions are individually acknowledged at http://www.planethunters.org/authors.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/10/10/
VL  - 776
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 10
EP  - 27
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the latest Planet Hunter results, including PH2 b, a Jupiter-size (RPL = 10.12 ± 0.56 R⊕) planet orbiting in the habitable zone of a solar-type star. PH2 b was elevated from candidate status when a series of false-positive tests yielded a 99.9% confidence level that transit events detected around the star KIC 12735740 had a planetary origin. Planet Hunter volunteers have also discovered 42 new planet candidates in the Kepler public archive data, of which 33 have at least 3 transits recorded. Most of these transit candidates have orbital periods longer than 100 days and 20 are potentially located in the habitable zones of their host stars. Nine candidates were detected with only two transit events and the prospective periods are longer than 400 days. The photometric models suggest that these objects have radii that range between those of Neptune and Jupiter. These detections nearly double the number of gas-giant planet candidates orbiting at habitable-zone distances. We conducted spectroscopic observations for nine of the brighter targets to improve the stellar parameters and we obtained adaptive optics imaging for four of the stars to search for blended background or foreground stars that could confuse our photometric modeling. We present an iterative analysis method to derive the stellar and planet properties and uncertainties by combining the available spectroscopic parameters, stellar evolution models, and transiting light curve parameters, weighted by the measurement errors. Planet Hunters is a citizen science project that crowd sources the assessment of NASA Kepler light curves. The discovery of these 43 planet candidates demonstrates the success of citizen scientists at identifying planet candidates, even in longer period orbits with only two or three transit events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - HABITABLE zone (Outer space)
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - STARS
N1  - Accession Number: 94288517; Wang, Ji 1; Email Address: ji.wang@yale.edu Fischer, Debra A. 1 Barclay, Thomas 2,3 Boyajian, Tabetha S. 1 Crepp, Justin R. 4 Schwamb, Megan E. 5,6 Lintott, Chris 7,8 Jek, Kian J. 9 Smith, Arfon M. 8 Parrish, Michael 8 Schawinski, Kevin 10 Schmitt, Joseph R. 1 Giguere, Matthew J. 1 Brewer, John M. 1 Lynn, Stuart 8 Simpson, Robert 7 Hoekstra, Abe J. 9 Jacobs, Thomas Lee 9 LaCourse, Daryll 9 Schwengeler, Hans Martin 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  5: Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  6: Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  7: Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH  8: Adler Planetarium, 1300 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA  9: Planet Hunters  10: Institute for Astronomy, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Source Info: 10/10/2013, Vol. 776 Issue 1, p10; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: HABITABLE zone (Outer space); Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: STARS; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/776/1/10
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Christian D.
AU  - Sandell, Göran
AU  - Vacca, William D.
AU  - Duchêne, Gaspard
AU  - Mathews, Geoffrey
AU  - Augereau, Jean-Charles
AU  - Barrado, David
AU  - Dent, William R. F.
AU  - Eiroa, Carlos
AU  - Grady, Carol
AU  - Kamp, Inga
AU  - Meeus, Gwendolyn
AU  - Ménard, Francois
AU  - Pinte, Christophe
AU  - Podio, Linda
AU  - Riviere-Marichalar, Pablo
AU  - Roberge, Aki
AU  - Thi, Wing-Fai
AU  - Vicente, Silvia
AU  - Williams, Jonathan P.
T1  - HERSCHEL/PACS SURVEY OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS IN TAURUS/AURIGA—OBSERVATIONS OF [O I] AND [C II], AND FAR-INFRARED CONTINUUM.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/10/10/
VL  - 776
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 45
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Herschel Space Observatory was used to observe ∼120 pre-main-sequence stars in Taurus as part of the GASPS Open Time Key project. Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer was used to measure the continuum as well as several gas tracers such as [O I] 63 μm, [O I] 145 μm, [C II] 158 μm, OH, H2O, and CO. The strongest line seen is [O I] at 63 μm. We find a clear correlation between the strength of the [O I] 63 μm line and the 63 μm continuum for disk sources. In outflow sources, the line emission can be up to 20 times stronger than in disk sources, suggesting that the line emission is dominated by the outflow. The tight correlation seen for disk sources suggests that the emission arises from the inner disk (<50 AU) and lower surface layers of the disk where the gas and dust are coupled. The [O I] 63 μm is fainter in transitional stars than in normal Class II disks. Simple spectral energy distribution models indicate that the dust responsible for the continuum emission is colder in these disks, leading to weaker line emission. [C II] 158 μm emission is only detected in strong outflow sources. The observed line ratios of [O I] 63 μm to [O I] 145 μm are in the regime where we are insensitive to the gas-to-dust ratio, neither can we discriminate between shock or photodissociation region emission. We detect no Class III object in [O I] 63 μm and only three in continuum, at least one of which is a candidate debris disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTODETECTORS
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - MOLECULAR dissociation
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 94288511; Howard, Christian D. 1,2 Sandell, Göran 1 Vacca, William D. 1 Duchêne, Gaspard 3,4 Mathews, Geoffrey 5,6 Augereau, Jean-Charles 4 Barrado, David 7,8 Dent, William R. F. 9 Eiroa, Carlos 10 Grady, Carol 11,12,13 Kamp, Inga 14 Meeus, Gwendolyn 10 Ménard, Francois 4,15 Pinte, Christophe 4 Podio, Linda 4 Riviere-Marichalar, Pablo 7 Roberge, Aki 11 Thi, Wing-Fai 4 Vicente, Silvia 14 Williams, Jonathan P. 6; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Building N232, Rm. 146, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  2: Google, 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  4: UJF-Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique (IPAG) UMR 5274, F-38041 Grenoble, France  5: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  6: Institute for Astronomy (IfA), University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  7: Centro de Astrobiología, Depto. Astrofísica (CSIC/INTA), ESAC Campus, P.O. Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain  8: Calar Alto Observatory, Centro Astronómico Hispano Alemán, C/Jesús Durbán Remón, E-04004 Almería, Spain  9: ALMA SCO, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile  10: Dep. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias, UAM Campus Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain  11: Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  12: Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96002, USA  13: Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  14: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  15: UMI-FCA (UMI 3386: CNRS France, and U de Chile/PUC/U Conception), Santiago, Chile; Source Info: 10/10/2013, Vol. 776 Issue 1, p21; Subject Term: PHOTODETECTORS; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dissociation; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/776/1/21
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Bauschlicher, Jr. Charles W.
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
T1  - THE INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF NEUTRAL POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CLUSTERS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/10/10/
VL  - 776
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 39
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The mid-infrared spectra of neutral homogeneous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) clusters have been computed using density functional theory including an empirical correction for dispersion. The C-H out-of-plane bending modes are redshifted for all the clusters considered in this work. The magnitude of the redshift and the peak broadening are dependent on PAH size, shape, and on the PAH arrangement in the cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 94288523; Ricca, Alessandra 1; Email Address: Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov Bauschlicher, Jr. Charles W. 2; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Allamandola, Louis J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Entry Systems and Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/10/2013, Vol. 776 Issue 1, p31; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/776/1/31
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hopkins, Philip F.
AU  - Christiansen, Jessie L.
T1  - TURBULENT DISKS ARE NEVER STABLE: FRAGMENTATION AND TURBULENCE-PROMOTED PLANET FORMATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/10/10/
VL  - 776
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
EP  - 65
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A fundamental assumption in our understanding of disks is that when the Toomre Q ≫ 1, the disk is stable against fragmentation into self-gravitating objects (and so cannot form planets via direct collapse). But if disks are turbulent, this neglects a spectrum of stochastic density fluctuations that can produce rare, high-density mass concentrations. Here, we use a recently developed analytic framework to predict the statistics of these fluctuations, i.e., the rate of fragmentation and mass spectrum of fragments formed in a turbulent Keplerian disk. Turbulent disks are never completely stable: we calculate the (always finite) probability of forming self-gravitating structures via stochastic turbulent density fluctuations in such disks. Modest sub-sonic turbulence above Mach number can produce a few stochastic fragmentation or “direct collapse” events over ∼Myr timescales, even if Q ≫ 1 and cooling is slow (tcool ≫ torbit). In transsonic turbulence this extends to Q ∼ 100. We derive the true Q-criterion needed to suppress such events, which scales exponentially with Mach number. We specify to turbulence driven by magneto-rotational instability, convection, or spiral waves and derive equivalent criteria in terms of Q and the cooling time. Cooling times ≳ 50 tdyn may be required to completely suppress fragmentation. These gravo-turbulent events produce mass spectra peaked near ∼(QMdisk/M*)2Mdisk (rocky-to-giant planet masses, increasing with distance from the star). We apply this to protoplanetary disk models and show that even minimum-mass solar nebulae could experience stochastic collapse events, provided a source of turbulence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MASS concentrations (Astronomy)
KW  - STARS
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 94288543; Hopkins, Philip F. 1,2; Email Address: phopkins@caltech.edu Christiansen, Jessie L. 3; Affiliation:  1: TAPIR, Mailcode 350-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/10/2013, Vol. 776 Issue 1, p48; Subject Term: MASS concentrations (Astronomy); Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/776/1/48
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MacKay, R.A.
AU  - Gabb, T.P.
AU  - Nathal, M.V.
T1  - Microstructure-sensitive creep models for nickel-base superalloy single crystals.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2013/10/10/
VL  - 582
M3  - Article
SP  - 397
EP  - 408
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Microstructure-sensitive creep models have been developed for Ni-base superalloy single crystals. Creep rupture testing was conducted on fourteen single crystal alloys at two applied stress levels at each of two temperatures, 982 and 1093°C. The variation in creep lives among the different alloys could be explained with regression models containing relatively few microstructural parameters. At 982°C, γ−γ′ lattice mismatch, γ′ volume fraction, and initial γ′ size were statistically significant in explaining the creep rupture lives. At 1093°C, only lattice mismatch and γ′ volume fraction were significant. These models could explain from 84% to 94% of the variation in creep lives, depending on test condition. Longer creep lives were associated with alloys having more negative lattice mismatch, lower γ′ volume fractions, and finer γ′ sizes. The γ−γ′ lattice mismatch exhibited the strongest influence of all the microstructural parameters at both temperatures. Although a majority of the alloys in this study were stable with respect to topologically close packed (TCP) phases, it appeared that up to ∼2vol% TCP phase did not affect the 1093°C creep lives under applied stresses that produced lives of ∼200–300h. In contrast, TCP phase contents of ∼2vol% were detrimental at lower applied stresses where creep lives were longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - METALS -- Creep
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Creep
KW  - Gamma prime
KW  - Lattice mismatch
KW  - Nickel base superalloys
KW  - Regression
KW  - Single crystals
N1  - Accession Number: 89615115; MacKay, R.A. 1; Email Address: Rebecca.A.MacKay@nasa.gov Gabb, T.P. 1 Nathal, M.V. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 582, p397; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: METALS -- Creep; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma prime; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lattice mismatch; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel base superalloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single crystals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2013.04.072
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heuer, A.H.
AU  - Nakagawa, T.
AU  - Azar, M.Z.
AU  - Hovis, D.B.
AU  - Smialek, J.L.
AU  - Gleeson, B.
AU  - Hine, N.D.M.
AU  - Guhl, H.
AU  - Lee, H.-S.
AU  - Tangney, P.
AU  - Foulkes, W.M.C.
AU  - Finnis, M.W.
T1  - On the growth of Al2O3 scales.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/10/15/
VL  - 61
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 6670
EP  - 6683
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: Understanding the growth of Al2O3 scales requires knowledge of the details of the chemical reactions at the scale–gas and scale–metal interfaces, which in turn requires specifying how the creation/annihilation of O and Al vacancies occurs at these interfaces. The availability of the necessary electrons and holes to allow for such creation/annihilation is a crucial aspect of the scaling reaction. The electronic band structure of polycrystalline Al2O3 thus plays a decisive role in scale formation and is considered in detail, including the implications of a density functional theory (DFT) calculation of the band structure of a Σ7 bicrystal boundary, for which the atomic structure of the boundary was known from an independent DFT energy-minimization calculation and comparisons with an atomic-resolution transmission electron micrograph of the same boundary. DFT calculations of the formation energy of O and Al vacancies in bulk Al2O3 in various charge states as a function of the Fermi energy suggested that electronic conduction in Al2O3 scales most likely involves excitation of both electrons and holes, which are localized on singly charged O vacancies, and doubly charged Al vacancies, , respectively. We also consider the variation of the Fermi level across the scale and bending (“tilting”) of the conduction band minimum and valence band maximum due to the electric field developed during the scaling reaction. The band structure calculations suggest a new mechanism for the “reactive element” effect—a consequence of segregation of Y, Hf, etc., to grain boundaries in Al2O3 scales, which results in improved oxidation resistance—namely, that the effect is due to the modification of the near-band edge grain-boundary defect states rather than any blocking of diffusion pathways, as previously postulated. Secondly, Al2O3 scale formation is dominated by grain boundary as opposed to lattice diffusion, and there is unambiguous evidence for both O and Al countercurrent transport in Al2O3 scale-forming alloys. We postulate that such transport is mediated by migration of grain boundary disconnections containing charged jogs, rather than by jumping of isolated point defects in random high-angle grain boundaries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - GAS-solid interfaces
KW  - ANNIHILATION reactions
KW  - VACANCIES in crystals
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - HOLES (Electron deficiencies)
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - Alumina
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Scales
N1  - Accession Number: 90313716; Heuer, A.H. 1,2; Email Address: heuer@case.edu Nakagawa, T. 1 Azar, M.Z. 1 Hovis, D.B. 1 Smialek, J.L. 3 Gleeson, B. 4 Hine, N.D.M. 2,5 Guhl, H. 2,6 Lee, H.-S. 2,6 Tangney, P. 2,6 Foulkes, W.M.C. 6 Finnis, M.W. 2,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  2: Department of Materials, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA  5: Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK  6: Department of Physics, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Source Info: Oct2013, Vol. 61 Issue 18, p6670; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: GAS-solid interfaces; Subject Term: ANNIHILATION reactions; Subject Term: VACANCIES in crystals; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: HOLES (Electron deficiencies); Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alumina; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scales; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.07.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Barbieri, Mauro
AU  - Miglio, Andrea
AU  - Deck, Katherine M.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Montet, Benjamin T.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Hekker, Saskia
AU  - Montalbán, Josefina
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Bedding, Timothy R.
AU  - Campante, Tiago L.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
AU  - Elsworth, Yvonne P.
AU  - Stello, Dennis
AU  - Arentoft, Torben
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
T1  - Stellar Spin-Orbit Misalignment in a Multiplanet System.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/10/18/
VL  - 342
IS  - 6156
M3  - Article
SP  - 331
EP  - 334
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Stars hosting hot Jupiters are often observed to have high obliquities, whereas stars with multiple coplanar planets have been seen to have low obliquities. This has been interpreted as evidence that hot-Jupiter formation is linked to dynamical disruption, as opposed to planet migration through a protoplanetary disk. We used asteroseismology to measure a large obliquity for Kepler-56, a red giant star hosting two transiting coplanar planets. These observations show that spin-orbit misalignments are not confined to hot-Jupiter systems. Misalignments in a broader class of systems had been predicted as a consequence of torques from wide-orbiting companions, and indeed radial velocity measurements revealed a third companion in a wide orbit in the Kepler-56 system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPIN-orbit interactions (Physics)
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits
N1  - Accession Number: 91562567; Huber, Daniel 1; Email Address: daniel.huber@nasa.gov Carter, Joshua A. 2 Barbieri, Mauro 3 Miglio, Andrea 4,5 Deck, Katherine M. 6 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 7 Montet, Benjamin T. 8 Buchhave, Lars A. 9,10 Chaplin, William J. 4,5 Hekker, Saskia 11,12 Montalbán, Josefina 13 Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto 6 Basu, Sarbani 14 Bedding, Timothy R. 5,15 Campante, Tiago L. 4,5 Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen 5 Elsworth, Yvonne P. 4,5 Stello, Dennis 5,15 Arentoft, Torben 5 Ford, Eric B. 16,17; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: CISAS, University of Padua, via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  4: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  5: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  6: Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  7: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  8: Department of Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  10: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museumof Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  11: Astronomical Institute “Anton Pannekoek,” University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands  12: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  13: Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique de l’Université de Liège, B 4000 Liège, Belgium.  14: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.  15: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  16: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  17: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA; Source Info: 10/18/2013, Vol. 342 Issue 6156, p331; Subject Term: SPIN-orbit interactions (Physics); Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1242066
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Jr. Charles W.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
T1  - THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS WITH SOME OR ALL HYDROGEN ATOMS REMOVED.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/10/20/
VL  - 776
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 110
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The loss of one hydrogen from C96H24 does not significantly affect the infrared spectra of the neutral, cation, or anion. Excluding a very weak C-C stretching band at 5.1 μm, the loss of two adjacent duo hydrogens does not significantly affect the spectra compared with the parent. Removing all of the hydrogen atoms significantly increases the intensity of the new C-C stretching band, and, for the cation, shifts it to a longer (5.2 μm) wavelength. Observations show a feature near 5.25 μm, which has been attributed to overtone and combination bands from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This current work suggests that dehydrogenated PAHs might also contribute to this band, but its weakness implies that fully dehydrogenated cationic or dicationic species are very rare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds
KW  - HYDROGEN atom
N1  - Accession Number: 94288591; Bauschlicher, Jr. Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Ricca, Alessandra 2; Email Address: Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Entry Systems and Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2013, Vol. 776 Issue 2, p102; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds; Subject Term: HYDROGEN atom; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/102
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castro, Philip J.
AU  - Gizis, John E.
AU  - Harris, Hugh C.
AU  - Mace, Gregory N.
AU  - Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
AU  - McLean, Ian S.
AU  - Pattarakijwanich, Petchara
AU  - Skrutskie, Michael F.
T1  - DISCOVERY OF FOUR HIGH PROPER MOTION L DWARFS, INCLUDING A 10 pc L DWARF AT THE L/T TRANSITIONObservations reported here were obtained at the MMT Observatory, a joint facility of the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution. MMT telescope time was granted by NOAO, through the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP). TSIP is funded by NSF. ,  Based on observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory 3.5 m telescope, which is owned and operated by the Astrophysical Research Consortium.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/10/20/
VL  - 776
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 126
EP  - 143
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We discover four high proper motion L dwarfs by comparing the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) to the Two Micron All Sky Survey. WISE J140533.32+835030.5 is an L dwarf at the L/T transition with a proper motion of 0.85 ± 0.″02 yr–1, previously overlooked due to its proximity to a bright star (V ≈ 12 mag). From optical spectroscopy we find a spectral type of L8, and from moderate-resolution J band spectroscopy we find a near-infrared spectral type of L9. We find WISE J140533.32+835030.5 to have a distance of 9.7 ± 1.7 pc, bringing the number of L dwarfs at the L/T transition within 10 pc from six to seven. WISE J040137.21+284951.7, WISE J040418.01+412735.6, and WISE J062442.37+662625.6 are all early L dwarfs within 25 pc, and were classified using optical and low-resolution near-infrared spectra. WISE J040418.01+412735.6 is an L2 pec (red) dwarf, a member of the class of unusually red L dwarfs. We use follow-up optical and low-resolution near-infrared spectroscopy to classify a previously discovered fifth object WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 as an (L8 Opt/L9 NIR), confirming it as an L dwarf at the L/T transition within 10 pc. WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 shows tentative CH4 in the H band, possibly the result of unresolved binarity with an early T dwarf, a scenario not supported by binary spectral template fitting. If WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 is a single object, it represents the earliest onset of CH4 in the H band of an L/T transition dwarf in the SpeX Library. As very late L dwarfs within 10 pc, WISE J140533.32+835030.5 and WISEP J060738.65+242953.4 will play a vital role in resolving outstanding issues at the L/T transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - STARS
KW  - INFRARED spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 94288588; Castro, Philip J. 1,2; Email Address: pcastro@udel.edu Gizis, John E. 1,2; Email Address: gizis@udel.edu Harris, Hugh C. 3 Mace, Gregory N. 4 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy 5 McLean, Ian S. 4 Pattarakijwanich, Petchara 6 Skrutskie, Michael F. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, 10391 West Naval Observatory Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  5: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, MS 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2013, Vol. 776 Issue 2, p126; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/776/2/126
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94288588&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bahadori, Amir A
AU  - Sato, Tatsuhiko
AU  - Slaba, Tony C
AU  - Shavers, Mark R
AU  - Semones, Edward J
AU  - Baalen, Mary Van
AU  - Bolch, Wesley E
T1  - A comparative study of space radiation organ doses and associated cancer risks using PHITS and HZETRN.
JO  - Physics in Medicine & Biology
JF  - Physics in Medicine & Biology
Y1  - 2013/10/21/
VL  - 58
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 7183
EP  - 7207
SN  - 00319155
AB  - NASA currently uses one-dimensional deterministic transport to generate values of the organ dose equivalent needed to calculate stochastic radiation risk following crew space exposures. In this study, organ absorbed doses and dose equivalents are calculated for 50th percentile male and female astronaut phantoms using both the NASA High Charge and Energy Transport Code to perform one-dimensional deterministic transport and the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System to perform three-dimensional Monte Carlo transport. Two measures of radiation risk, effective dose and risk of exposure-induced death (REID) are calculated using the organ dose equivalents resulting from the two methods of radiation transport. For the space radiation environments and simplified shielding configurations considered, small differences (<8%) in the effective dose and REID are found. However, for the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) boundary condition, compensating errors are observed, indicating that comparisons between the integral measurements of complex radiation environments and code calculations can be misleading. Code-to-code benchmarks allow for the comparison of differential quantities, such as secondary particle differential fluence, to provide insight into differences observed in integral quantities for particular components of the GCR spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics in Medicine & Biology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CANCER -- Risk factors
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
N1  - Accession Number: 94292112; Bahadori, Amir A 1,2,3; Email Address: amir.a.bahadori@nasa.gov Sato, Tatsuhiko 4 Slaba, Tony C 5 Shavers, Mark R 6 Semones, Edward J 2 Baalen, Mary Van 2 Bolch, Wesley E 1; Affiliation:  1: Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.  4: Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Iberaki, Japan  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Wyle Integrated Science and Engineering, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: 10/21/2013, Vol. 58 Issue 20, p7183; Subject Term: CANCER -- Risk factors; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0031-9155/58/20/7183
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Santer, Benjamin D.
AU  - Painter, Jeffrey F.
AU  - Bonfils, Céline
AU  - Mears, Carl A.
AU  - Solomon, Susan
AU  - Wigley, Tom M. L.
AU  - Gleckler, Peter J.
AU  - Schmidt, Gavin A.
AU  - Doutriaux, Charles
AU  - Gillett, Nathan P.
AU  - Taylor, Karl E.
AU  - Thorne, Peter W.
AU  - Wentz, Frank J.
T1  - Human and natural influences on the changing thermal structure of the atmosphere.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2013/10/22/
VL  - 110
IS  - 43
M3  - Article
SP  - 17235
EP  - 17240
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Since the late 1970s, satellite-based instruments have monitored global changes in atmospheric temperature. These measurements reveal multidecadal tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling, punctuated by short-term volcanic signals of reverse sign. Similar long- and short-term temperature signals occur in model simulations driven by human-caused changes in atmospheric composition and natural variations in volcanic aerosols. Most previous comparisons of modeled and observed atmospheric temperature changes have used results from individual models and individual observational records. In contrast, we rely on a large multimodel archive and multiple observational datasets. We show that a human-caused latitude/altitude pattern of atmospheric temperature change can be identified with high statistical confidence in satellite data. Results are robust to current uncertainties in models and observations. Virtually all previous research in this area has attempted to discriminate an anthropogenic signal from internal variability. Here, we present evidence that a human-caused signal can also be identified relative to the larger "total" natural variability arising from sources internal to the climate system, solar irradiance changes, and volcanic forcing. Consistent signal identification occurs because both internal and total natural variability (as simulated by state-of-the-art models) cannot produce sustained global-scale tropospheric warming and stratospheric cooling. Our results provide clear evidence for a discernible human influence on the thermal structure of the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC structure
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - climate change detection
KW  - climate modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 91616601; Santer, Benjamin D. 1; Email Address: santer1@llnl.gov Painter, Jeffrey F. 1 Bonfils, Céline 1 Mears, Carl A. 2 Solomon, Susan 3 Wigley, Tom M. L. 4,5 Gleckler, Peter J. 1 Schmidt, Gavin A. 6 Doutriaux, Charles 1 Gillett, Nathan P. 7 Taylor, Karl E. 1 Thorne, Peter W. 8 Wentz, Frank J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550  2: Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, CA 95401  3: Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307  5: School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025  7: Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 2Y2  8: Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center, N-5006 Bergen, Norway; Source Info: 10/22/2013, Vol. 110 Issue 43, p17235; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC structure; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature; Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate modeling; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1305332110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adelstein, Bernard D.
AU  - Kaiser, Mary K.
AU  - Beutter, Brent R.
AU  - McCann, Robert S.
AU  - Anderson, Mark R.
T1  - Display strobing: An effective countermeasure against visual blur from whole-body vibration.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 92
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 64
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Crews and equipment in aerospace vehicles, including spacecraft at launch, can be exposed to significant vibration. Prior to this study, we examined the ability of vibrating observers to read alphanumeric symbology on stationary (i.e., non-vibrating) flight-relevant display formats and noted performance degradation with increasing vibration amplitude and decreasing font size. Here we test the efficacy of a display strobing countermeasure for the reading decrements caused by the same 12-Hz whole-body vibration in the surge (chest-to-spine) direction applied in our prior studies. To produce the strobe countermeasure, we triggered the backlight of a stationary liquid crystal diode (LCD) display panel to flash in synchrony with the 12-Hz vibration of the observer’s seat while experimentally varying both the strobe duty cycle and phase angle between the strobe onset and the vibration cycle zero-crossings. Strobing proved an effective countermeasure, restoring reading error rates during 0.7g (6.9m/s2 half-amplitude) whole-body vibration to levels indistinguishable from those achieved under the non-strobed (equivalent luminance) non-vibrating baseline condition and improving response times although not fully to the baseline. While we noted differences in the “preferred” phase angle of individual observers, on average, no overall effect of phase angle was detected. Likewise, no effect was seen for the two duty cycles and their respective equivalent luminance levels. Further studies are needed to determine the efficacy of strobing for multi-axis and multi-frequency vibration, and for displays with moving images. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHOLE-body vibration
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ELECTRONIC countermeasures
KW  - LIQUID crystal devices
KW  - INFORMATION display systems
KW  - Countermeasure
KW  - Displays
KW  - Readability
KW  - Strobe
KW  - Thrust oscillation
KW  - Vibration
KW  - Visual blur
N1  - Accession Number: 89731055; Adelstein, Bernard D. 1; Email Address: Bernard.D.Adelstein@nasa.gov Kaiser, Mary K. 1 Beutter, Brent R. 1 McCann, Robert S. 1 Anderson, Mark R. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 262-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Dell Services Federal Government, United States; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 92 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: WHOLE-body vibration; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC countermeasures; Subject Term: LIQUID crystal devices; Subject Term: INFORMATION display systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Countermeasure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Displays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Readability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strobe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thrust oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual blur; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.07.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89731055&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McCabe, N. Patrick
AU  - Androjna, Caroline
AU  - Hill, Esther
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Midura, Ronald J.
T1  - Simulated microgravity alters the expression of key genes involved in fracture healing.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 92
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
EP  - 72
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Fracture healing in animal models has been shown to be altered in both ground based analogs of spaceflight and in those exposed to actual spaceflight. The molecular mechanisms behind altered fracture healing as a result of chronic exposure to microgravity remain to be elucidated. This study investigates temporal gene expression of multiple factors involved in secondary fracture healing, specifically those integral to the development of a soft tissue callus and the transition to that of hard tissue. Skeletally mature female rats were subjected to a 4 week period of simulated microgravity and then underwent a closed femoral fracture procedure. Thereafter, they were reintroduced to the microgravity and allowed to heal for a 1 or 2 week period. A synchronous group of weight bearing rats was used as a normal fracture healing control. Utilizing Real-Time quantitative PCR on mRNA from fracture callus tissue, we found significant reductions in the levels of transcripts associated with angiogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. These data suggest an altered fracture healing process in a simulated microgravity environment, and these alterations begin early in the healing process. These findings may provide mechanistic insight towards developing countermeasure protocols to mitigate these adaptations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - FRACTURES -- Treatment
KW  - WOUND healing
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - ELECTRONIC countermeasures
KW  - Angiogenesis
KW  - basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2)
KW  - bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)
KW  - Chondrogenesis
KW  - Fracture healing
KW  - Gene expression
KW  - hind limb unloaded (HLU)
KW  - insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)
KW  - mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)
KW  - micro-computed tomography (micro-CT)
KW  - Osteogenesis
KW  - platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)
KW  - polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
KW  - region of interest (ROI)
KW  - Simulated microgravity
KW  - transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)
KW  - vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)
KW  - weight bearing (WB)
N1  - Accession Number: 89731056; McCabe, N. Patrick 1 Androjna, Caroline 1 Hill, Esther 2 Globus, Ruth K. 3 Midura, Ronald J. 1; Email Address: midurar@ccf.org; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Exploration & Science, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 92 Issue 1, p65; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: FRACTURES -- Treatment; Subject Term: WOUND healing; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC countermeasures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Angiogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2); Author-Supplied Keyword: bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Chondrogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture healing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: hind limb unloaded (HLU); Author-Supplied Keyword: insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); Author-Supplied Keyword: mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: micro-computed tomography (micro-CT); Author-Supplied Keyword: Osteogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: platelet derived growth factor (PDGF); Author-Supplied Keyword: polymerase chain reaction (PCR); Author-Supplied Keyword: region of interest (ROI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulated microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β); Author-Supplied Keyword: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); Author-Supplied Keyword: weight bearing (WB); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.04.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Saghaian, S.M.
AU  - Ded, G.
AU  - Tobe, H.
AU  - Basaran, B.
AU  - Maier, H.J.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Effects of nanoprecipitation on the shape memory and material properties of an Ni-rich NiTiHf high temperature shape memory alloy.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 61
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 7422
EP  - 7431
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: Shape memory properties of a Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 (at.%) polycrystalline alloy were characterized after selected heat treatments. The effects of heat treatment temperature and time on the transformation temperatures (TTs) and temperature hysteresis were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal cycling under constant compressive stress was carried out to reveal the changes in transformation strain, temperature hysteresis, and TT as a function of stress. Isothermal stress cycling experiments were conducted to reveal the critical stresses, transformation strain, and stress hysteresis as a function of temperature. The crystal structure and lattice parameters of the transforming phases were determined by X-ray diffraction at selected temperatures. Precipitate characteristics and martensite morphology were revealed by transmission electron microscopy. Precipitation was found to alter the martensite morphology and significantly improve the shape memory properties of the Ni-rich NiTiHf alloy. For the peak aged condition shape memory strains of up to 3.6%, the lowest hysteresis, and a fully reversible superelastic response were observed at temperatures up to 240°C. In general, the nickel-rich NiTiHf polycrystalline alloy exhibited a higher work output (≈16.5Jcm−3) than other NiTi-based high temperature alloys. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - EFFECT of high temperatures on metals
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry
KW  - High temperature
KW  - Mechanical tests
KW  - NiTiHf
KW  - Phase transformations
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 90630396; Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Saghaian, S.M. 1 Ded, G. 1 Tobe, H. 1 Basaran, B. 1,2 Maier, H.J. 3 Noebe, R.D. 4 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Etimesgut, Ankara 06790, Turkey  3: Institut für Werkstoffkunde, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30823 Garbsen, Germany  4: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: Siberian Physical-Technical Institute at Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 61 Issue 19, p7422; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on metals; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.08.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Drozda, Tomasz G.
T1  - Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 51
IS  - 11
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 2751
EP  - 2751
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article reviews the book "Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer" by R. H. Pletcher, J. C. Tannehill and D. A. Anderson.
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - PLETCHER, Richard H.
KW  - TANNEHILL, John C.
KW  - ANDERSON, Dale A.
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL Fluid Mechanics & Heat Transfer (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 91831397; Drozda, Tomasz G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 51 Issue 11, p2751; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: COMPUTATIONAL Fluid Mechanics & Heat Transfer (Book); People: PLETCHER, Richard H.; People: TANNEHILL, John C.; People: ANDERSON, Dale A.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052452
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DYAR, M. DARBY
AU  - BREVES, ELLY
AU  - JAWIN, ERICA
AU  - MARCHAND, GERARD
AU  - NELMS, MELISSA
AU  - O'CONNOR, VANESSA
AU  - PEEL, SAMANTHA
AU  - ROTHSTEIN, YARROW
AU  - SKLUTE, ELIZABETH C.
AU  - LANE, MELISSA D.
AU  - BISHOP, JANICE L.
AU  - MERTZMAN, STANLEY A.
T1  - Mössbauer parameters of iron in sulfate minerals.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov/Dec2013
VL  - 98
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1943
EP  - 1965
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - Although Fe-sulfate minerals occur only rarely on Earth as alteration products of sulfidic basalts or in hydrothermal systems, multiple lines of evidence point to the importance of Fe- (and other) sulfate minerals on the surface of Mars. One such martian data set comes from the MIMOS II Mössbauer spectrometers on the Mars Exploration Rovers, which acquired hundreds of spectra from the martian surface at two locations. Interpretation of those spectra has been limited by the lack of a comprehensive set of laboratory analog spectra of the broad range of naturally occurring sulfate minerals. Accordingly, this study reports Mössbauer data of 98 samples representing 47 different sulfate mineral species, all containing six- or higher-coordinated Fe. The resultant Mössbauer parameters are related to the local polyhedral environment around the Fe cation in each mineral to explain variations in spectral characteristics. Results show that the size of the coordination polyhedron is the best predictor of quadrupole splitting, which increases with both octahedral volume and mean bond length. Species within groups of structurally similar minerals are shown to have comparable spectral peaks that generally fall within small ranges. Although coordination polyhedron geometry is not necessarily unique to any particular mineral species or group, Mössbauer data can be used to help constrain mineral identifications from martian spectra. The number of mineral species is large, but the range of crystal structures and hyperfine parameters may be small, so that in many cases, individual minerals cannot be uniquely fingerprinted. Examples would include quenstedtite, coquimbite, kornelite, and lausenite, which have indistinguishable spectra, as do apjohnite, bilinite, dietrichite, and römerite. Overlap of Mössbauer parameters is a particular complication for identification of Fe3+-rich phases because the range of Mössbauer parameters for Fe3+ in any coordination number is so small. Previous analyses of martian Mössbauer spectra reported the presence of jarosite (Klingelhöfer et al. 2004; Morris et al. 2004) and an unspecific ferric sulfate (Morris et al. 2008). New data presented here indicate that botryogen, metasideronatrite, and slavikite exhibit Mössbauer spectra similar to those attributed to jarosite at Meridiani Planum. Fibroferrite and rhomboclase have parameters similar to those observed at Arad Samra, and copiapite and parabutlerite could be present at Tyrone Mount Darwin and Berkner Island. Unique mineral identifications are generally not possible from Mössbauer data alone, particularly for paramagnetic phases, although combining Mössbauer results with other data sets enables a greater level of confidence in constraining mineralogy. This study provides a new expansive data set for future interpretation of iron sulfates on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRON -- Research
KW  - SULFATE minerals
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MOSSBAUER spectroscopy
KW  - JAROSITE
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - jarosite
KW  - Mössbauer
KW  - Mars
KW  - sulfate
N1  - Accession Number: 97590411; DYAR, M. DARBY 1; Email Address: mdyar@mtholyoke.eud BREVES, ELLY 1 JAWIN, ERICA 1,2 MARCHAND, GERARD 1 NELMS, MELISSA 1 O'CONNOR, VANESSA 3 PEEL, SAMANTHA 1,4 ROTHSTEIN, YARROW 1 SKLUTE, ELIZABETH C. 1,5 LANE, MELISSA D. 6 BISHOP, JANICE L. 7 MERTZMAN, STANLEY A. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, U.S.A.  2: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, U.S.A.  3: Department of Geosciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, U.S.A.  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, U.S.A.  5: Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, U.S.A.  6: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, U.S.A.  7: SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, 94043, U.S.A.  8: Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603, U.S.A.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2013, Vol. 98 Issue 11/12, p1943; Subject Term: IRON -- Research; Subject Term: SULFATE minerals; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MOSSBAUER spectroscopy; Subject Term: JAROSITE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: jarosite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mössbauer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2138/am.2013.4604
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boley, Paul A.
AU  - Linz, Hendrik
AU  - Boekel, Roy van
AU  - Henning, Thomas
AU  - Feldt, Markus
AU  - Kaper, Lex
AU  - Leinert, Christoph
AU  - Müller, André
AU  - Pascucci, Ilaria
AU  - Robberto, Massimo
AU  - Stecklum, Bringfried
AU  - Waters, L. B. F. M.
AU  - Zinnecker, Hans
T1  - The VLTI/MIDI survey of massive young stellar objects Sounding the inner regions around intermediate- and high-mass young stars using mid-infrared interferometry.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 558
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 33
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Because of inherent difficulties involved in observations and numerical simulations of the formation of massive stars, an understanding of the early evolutionary phases of these objects remains elusive. In particular, observationally probing circumstellar material at distances ≲100 AU from the central star is exceedingly difficult, as such objects are rare (and thus, on average, far away) and typically deeply embedded. Long-baseline mid-infrared interferometry provides one way of obtaining the necessary spatial resolution at appropriate wavelengths for studying this class of objects; however, interpreting such observations is often difficult due to sparse spatial-frequency coverage. Aims. We aim to characterize the distribution and composition of circumstellar material around young massive stars and to investigate exactly which physical structures in these objects are probed by long-baseline mid-infrared interferometric observations. Methods. We used the two-telescope interferometric instrument MIDI of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer of the European Southern Observatory to observe a sample of 24 intermediate- and high-mass young stellar objects in the N band (8-13 μm). We had successful fringe detections for 20 objects and present spectrally-resolved correlated fluxes and visibility levels for projected baselines of up to 128 m. We fit the visibilities with geometric models to derive the sizes of the emitting regions, as well as the orientation and elongation of the circumstellar material. Fourteen objects in the sample show the 10 μm silicate feature in absorption in the total and correlated flux spectra. For 13 of these objects, we were able to fit the correlated flux spectra with a simple absorption model, allowing us to constrain the composition and absorptive properties of the circumstellar material. Results. Nearly all of the massive young stellar objects observed show significant deviations from spherical symmetry at mid-infrared wavelengths. In general, the mid-infrared emission can trace both disks and outflows, and in many cases it may be difficult to disentangle these components on the basis of interferometric data alone, because of the sparse spatial frequency coverage normally provided by current long-baseline interferometers. For the majority of the objects in this sample, the absorption occurs on spatial scales larger than those probed by MIDI. Finally, the physical extent of the mid-infrared emission around these sources is correlated with the total luminosity, albeit with significant scatter. Conclusions. Circumstellar material is ubiquitous at distances ≲100 AU around young massive stars. Long-baseline mid-infrared interferometry provides the resolving power necessary for observing this material directly. However, in particular for deeply-embedded sources, caution must be used when attempting to attribute mid-infrared emission to specific physical structures, such as a circumstellar disk or an outflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VERY large telescope interferometer (Chile)
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - surveys
KW  - techniques: interferometric
N1  - Accession Number: 91681743; Boley, Paul A. 1,2; Email Address: boley@mpia.de Linz, Hendrik 1 Boekel, Roy van 1 Henning, Thomas 1 Feldt, Markus 1 Kaper, Lex 3 Leinert, Christoph 1 Müller, André 4 Pascucci, Ilaria 5 Robberto, Massimo 6 Stecklum, Bringfried 7 Waters, L. B. F. M. 3,8 Zinnecker, Hans 9; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany  3: Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, Science Park 904, Amsterdam 1098 XE, The Netherlands  4: European Southern Observatory, 3107 Alonso de Cordova, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile  5: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA  6: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore MD 21212, USA  7: Thüringer Landessternwarte, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany  8: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Sorbonnelaan 2, Utrecht 3584 CA, The Netherlands  9: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N232-12, Moffet Field CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 558, p1; Subject Term: VERY large telescope interferometer (Chile); Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: massive; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: interferometric; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201321539
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wallström, Sofia H. J.
AU  - Biscaro, Chiara
AU  - Salgado, Francisco
AU  - Black, John H.
AU  - Cherchneff, Isabelle
AU  - Muller, Sébastien
AU  - Berné, Olivier
AU  - Rho, Jeonghee
AU  - Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
T1  - CO rotational line emission from a dense knot in Cassiopeia A Evidence for active post-reverse-shock chemistry.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 558
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00046361
AB  - We report a Herschel detection of high-J rotational CO lines from a dense knot in the supernova remnant Cas A. Based on a combined analysis of these rotational lines and previously observed ro-vibrational CO lines, we find the gas to be warm (two components at ~400 and 2000 K) and dense (106-7 cm-3), with a CO column density of ~5 × 1017 cm-2. This, along with the broad line widths (~400 km s-1), suggests that the CO emission originates in the post-shock region of the reverse shock. As the passage of the reverse shock dissociates any existing molecules, the CO has most likely reformed in the past several years in the post-shock gas. The CO cooling time is similar to the CO formation time, therefore we discuss possible heating sources (UV photons from the shock front, X-rays, electron conduction) that may maintain the high column density of warm CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - EMISSION-line galaxies
KW  - CASSIOPEIA (Constellation)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - ISM: individual objects: Cassiopeia A
KW  - ISM: supernova remnants
KW  - submillimeter: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 91681851; Wallström, Sofia H. J. 1; Email Address: sofia.wallstrom@chalmers.se Biscaro, Chiara 2 Salgado, Francisco 3 Black, John H. 1 Cherchneff, Isabelle 2 Muller, Sébastien 4 Berné, Olivier 5,6 Rho, Jeonghee 7,8 Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 43992 Onsala, Sweden  2: Department Physik, Universität Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland  3: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  4: Onsala Space Observatory, Chalmers University of Technology, 43992 Onsala, Sweden  5: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse, France  6: CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France  7: SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 558, p1; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: EMISSION-line galaxies; Subject Term: CASSIOPEIA (Constellation); Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: Cassiopeia A; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: supernova remnants; Author-Supplied Keyword: submillimeter: ISM; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201322576
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boogert, A. C. A.
AU  - Chiar, J. E.
AU  - Knez, C.
AU  - Öberg, K. I.
AU  - Mundy, L. G.
AU  - Pendleton, Y. J.
AU  - Tielens, A. G. G. M.
AU  - Dishoeck, E. F. van
T1  - INFRARED SPECTROSCOPIC SURVEY OF THE QUIESCENT MEDIUM OF NEARBY CLOUDS. I. ICE FORMATION AND GRAIN GROWTH IN LUPUS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/11//11/1/2013
VL  - 777
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 90
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Infrared photometry and spectroscopy (1-25 μm) of background stars reddened by the Lupus molecular cloud complex are used to determine the properties of grains and the composition of ices before they are incorporated into circumstellar envelopes and disks. H2O ices form at extinctions of AK = 0.25 ± 0.07 mag (AV = 2.1 ± 0.6). Such a low ice formation threshold is consistent with the absence of nearby hot stars. Overall, the Lupus clouds are in an early chemical phase. The abundance of H2O ice (2.3 ± 0.1 × 10–5 relative to NH) is typical for quiescent regions, but lower by a factor of three to four compared to dense envelopes of young stellar objects. The low solid CH3OH abundance (<3%-8% relative to H2O) indicates a low gas phase H/CO ratio, which is consistent with the observed incomplete CO freeze out. Furthermore it is found that the grains in Lupus experienced growth by coagulation. The mid-infrared (>5 μm) continuum extinction relative to AK increases as a function of AK. Most Lupus lines of sight are well fitted with empirically derived extinction curves corresponding to RV ∼ 3.5 (AK = 0.71) and RV ∼ 5.0 (AK = 1.47). For lines of sight with AK > 1.0 mag, the τ9.7/AK ratio is a factor of two lower compared to the diffuse medium. Below 1.0 mag, values scatter between the dense and diffuse medium ratios. The absence of a gradual transition between diffuse and dense medium-type dust indicates that local conditions matter in the process that sets the τ9.7/AK ratio. This process is likely related to grain growth by coagulation, as traced by the A7.4/AK continuum extinction ratio, but not to ice mantle formation. Conversely, grains acquire ice mantles before the process of coagulation starts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 94288715; Boogert, A. C. A. 1; Email Address: aboogert@ipac.caltech.edu Chiar, J. E. 2 Knez, C. 3,4 Öberg, K. I. 5,6 Mundy, L. G. 3 Pendleton, Y. J. 7 Tielens, A. G. G. M. 8 Dishoeck, E. F. van 8,9; Affiliation:  1: IPAC, NASA Herschel Science Center, Mail Code 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  4: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  5: Departments of Chemistry and Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  7: Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands  9: Max Planck Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Giessenbachstr.1, D-85748 Garching, Germany; Source Info: 11/1/2013, Vol. 777 Issue 1, p73; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/777/1/73
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lopes, F. J. S.
AU  - Landulfo, E.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
T1  - Evaluating CALIPSO's 532nm lidar ratio selection algorithm using AERONET sun photometers in Brazil.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 6
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3281
EP  - 3299
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Since the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite first began probing the Earth's atmosphere on 13 June 2006, several research groups dedicated to investigating the atmosphere's optical properties have conducted measurement campaigns to validate the CALIPSO data products. Recently, in order to address the lack of CALIPSO validation studies in the Southern Hemisphere, and especially the South American continent, the Lasers Environmental Applications Research Group at Brazil's Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN) initiated efforts to assess CALIPSO's aerosol lidar ratio estimates using the AERONET sun photometers installed at five different locations in Brazil. In this study we develop a validation methodology to evaluate the accuracy of the modeled values of the lidar ratios used by the CALIPSO extinction algorithms. We recognize that the quality of any comparisons between satellite and ground-based measurements depends on the degree to which the instruments are collocated, and that even selecting the best spatial and temporal matches does not provide an unequivocal guarantee that both instruments are measuring the same air mass. The validation methodology presented in this study therefore applies backward and forward air mass trajectories in order to obtain the best possible match between the air masses sampled by the satellite and the ground-based instruments, and thus reduces the uncertainties associated with aerosol air mass variations. Quantitative comparisons of lidar ratios determined from the combination of AERONET optical depth measurements and CALIOP integrated attenuated backscatter measurements show good agreement with the model values assigned by the CALIOP algorithm. These comparisons yield a mean percentage difference of -1.5%±24 %. This result confirms the accuracy in the lidar ratio estimates provided by the CALIOP algorithms over Brazil to within an uncertainty range of no more than 30 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - OPTICAL properties -- Measurement
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - PHOTOMETERS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - AIR masses
KW  - BRAZIL
N1  - Accession Number: 92714017; Lopes, F. J. S. 1,2; Email Address: abiolopes@usp.br Landulfo, E. 2 Vaughan, M. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences (IAG), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil  2: Center for Lasers and Application - Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN/CNEN), São Paulo, SP, Brazil  3: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401A, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 6 Issue 11, p3281; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties -- Measurement; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: PHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: AIR masses; Subject Term: BRAZIL; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-6-3281-2013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92714017&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wooseong Kim
AU  - Tengra, Farah K.
AU  - Shong, Jasmine
AU  - Marchand, Nicholas
AU  - Hon Kit Chan
AU  - Young, Zachary
AU  - Pangule, Ravindra C.
AU  - Parra, Macarena
AU  - Dordick, Jonathan S.
AU  - Plawsky, Joel L.
AU  - Collins, Cynthia H.
T1  - Effect of spaceflight on Pseudomonas aeruginosa final cell density is modulated by nutrient and oxygen availability.
JO  - BMC Microbiology
JF  - BMC Microbiology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 14712180
AB  - Background Abundant populations of bacteria have been observed on Mir and the International Space Station. While some experiments have shown that bacteria cultured during spaceflight exhibit a range of potentially troublesome characteristics, including increases in growth, antibiotic resistance and virulence, other studies have shown minimal differences when cells were cultured during spaceflight or on Earth. Although the final cell density of bacteria grown during spaceflight has been reported for several species, we are not yet able to predict how different microorganisms will respond to the microgravity environment. In order to build our understanding of how spaceflight affects bacterial final cell densities, additional studies are needed to determine whether the observed differences are due to varied methods, experimental conditions, or organism specific responses. Results Here, we have explored how phosphate concentration, carbon source, oxygen availability, and motility affect the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in modified artificial urine media during spaceflight. We observed that P. aeruginosa grown during spaceflight exhibited increased final cell density relative to normal gravity controls when low concentrations of phosphate in the media were combined with decreased oxygen availability. In contrast, when the availability of either phosphate or oxygen was increased, no difference in final cell density was observed between spaceflight and normal gravity. Because motility has been suggested to affect how microbes respond to microgravity, we compared the growth of wildtype P. aeruginosa to a ΔmotABCD mutant deficient in swimming motility. However, the final cell densities observed with the motility mutant were consistent with those observed with wild type for all conditions tested. Conclusions These results indicate that differences in bacterial final cell densities observed between spaceflight and normal gravity are due to an interplay between microgravity conditions and the availability of substrates essential for growth. Further, our results suggest that microbes grown under nutrient-limiting conditions are likely to reach higher cell densities under microgravity conditions than they would on Earth. Considering that the majority of bacteria inhabiting spacecrafts and space stations are likely to live under nutrient limitations, our findings highlight the need to explore the impact microgravity and other aspects of the spaceflight environment have on microbial growth and physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BMC Microbiology is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa infections
KW  - REGULATION of microbial growth
KW  - FUNGUS-bacterium relationships
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - OXYGEN evolution reactions
KW  - GENETIC aspects
KW  - Flow cytometry
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Motility
KW  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa
KW  - Spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 91850394; Wooseong Kim 1,2; Email Address: kimw5@rpi.edu Tengra, Farah K. 1,2; Email Address: fktengra@gmail.com Shong, Jasmine 1,2; Email Address: shongj@rpi.edu Marchand, Nicholas 1,2; Email Address: marchn@rpi.edu Hon Kit Chan 1,2; Email Address: chanh4@rpi.edu Young, Zachary 1; Email Address: zdy3ju@virginia.edu Pangule, Ravindra C. 1,2,3; Email Address: ravindra.pangule@gmail.com Parra, Macarena 4; Email Address: macarena.p.parra@nasa.gov Dordick, Jonathan S. 1,2,5; Email Address: dordick@rpi.edu Plawsky, Joel L. 1; Email Address: plawsky@rpi.edu Collins, Cynthia H. 1,2,5; Email Address: ccollins@rpi.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA  2: Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies (CBIS), Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA  3: Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc., Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA  4: Lockheed Martin-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa infections; Subject Term: REGULATION of microbial growth; Subject Term: FUNGUS-bacterium relationships; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: OXYGEN evolution reactions; Subject Term: GENETIC aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow cytometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1471-2180-13-241
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91850394&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eddy, Pamela L.
AU  - Barber, James P.
AU  - Holly, Neal
AU  - Brush, Kim
AU  - Bohon, Leslie
AU  - Green, Madeleine F.
T1  - Internationalizing a Campus: From Colonial to Modern Times.
JO  - Change
JF  - Change
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov/Dec2013
VL  - 45
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 50
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 00091383
AB  - The article presents information on internationalization on U.S. college campuses such as the College of William and Mary. The article presents information on the American Council on Education (ACE), college leadership, and international activities that faculty participate in. The article also discusses the integration of international and global work in teaching, learning, and research.
KW  - EDUCATION & globalization
KW  - EDUCATIONAL leadership
KW  - UNIVERSITIES & colleges -- Faculty
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - COLLEGE of William & Mary
KW  - AMERICAN Council on Education
N1  - Accession Number: 92049520; Eddy, Pamela L. 1; Email Address: pamela.eddy@wm.edu Barber, James P. 1; Email Address: jpbarber@wm.edu Holly, Neal 2; Email Address: nholly@hepc.wvnet.edu Brush, Kim 3; Email Address: kimberly.m.brush@nasa.gov Bohon, Leslie 1; Email Address: llbohonatkinso@email.wm.edu Green, Madeleine F. 4; Affiliation:  1: College of William and Mary  2: West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission  3: NASA Langley Research Center  4: NAFSA: The Association of International Educators, and at the Association of International Universities; Source Info: Nov/Dec2013, Vol. 45 Issue 6, p43; Subject Term: EDUCATION & globalization; Subject Term: EDUCATIONAL leadership; Subject Term: UNIVERSITIES & colleges -- Faculty; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: COLLEGE of William & Mary DUNS Number:  Company/Entity: AMERICAN Council on Education DUNS Number: 072638943; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611310 Colleges, Universities, and Professional Schools; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00091383.2013.842107
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92049520&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
T1  - Activation energy asymptotics for methanol droplet extinction in microgravity.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 160
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2638
EP  - 2640
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: An activation energy asymptotic theory for methanol droplet combustion in microgravity is presented by extending earlier models to account for time-dependent water dissolution or evaporation from the liquid droplet. The model predictions for droplet extinction diameter as a function of its initial diameter are shown to compare favorably with experimental results for methanol burning in air. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTIVATION energy
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC efficiencies (Statistics)
KW  - METHANOL
KW  - DROPS
KW  - DISSOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - EVAPORATION (Chemistry)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - Activation energy asymptotics
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Methanol droplet combustion
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 89998363; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 160 Issue 11, p2638; Subject Term: ACTIVATION energy; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC efficiencies (Statistics); Subject Term: METHANOL; Subject Term: DROPS; Subject Term: DISSOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation energy asymptotics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methanol droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.05.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89998363&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, James B.
AU  - Duffy, Kirsten P.
AU  - Choi, Benjamin B.
AU  - Provenza, Andrew J.
AU  - Kray, Nicholas
T1  - Numerical modeling methodology and experimental study for piezoelectric vibration damping control of rotating composite fan blades.
JO  - Computers & Structures
JF  - Computers & Structures
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 128
M3  - Article
SP  - 230
EP  - 242
SN  - 00457949
AB  - Abstract: Resonant vibrations of aircraft engine blades cause blade fatigue problems in engines, which can lead to thicker and aerodynamically lower performing blade designs, increasing engine weight, fuel burn, and maintenance costs. In order to mitigate undesirable blade vibration levels, active piezoelectric vibration control has been investigated, potentially enabling thinner blade designs for higher performing blades and minimizing blade fatigue problems. While the piezoelectric damping idea has been investigated by other researchers over the years, very little study has been done including rotational effects. The present study attempts to fill this void. The particular objectives of this study were to: (a) develop a methodology to analyze a multiphysics piezoelectric finite element composite blade model for harmonic forced vibration response analysis coupled with a tuned RLC circuit for rotating engine blade conditions, (b) validate a numerical model with experimental test data, and (c) achieve a cost-effective numerical modeling capability which enables simulation of rotating blades within the NASA GRC Dynamic Spin Rig Facility. A numerical and experimental study for rotating piezoelectric composite subscale fan blades was performed. It was proved that the proposed numerical method is feasible and effective when applied to the rotating blade base excitation model. The experimental test and multiphysics finite element modeling technique described in this paper show that piezoelectric vibration damping can significantly reduce vibrations of aircraft engine composite fan blades. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - RESISTOR-inductor-capacitor circuits
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - Aircraft engine composite fan blades
KW  - Blade rotational effects
KW  - Forced vibration response
KW  - Multiphysics piezoelectric finite element modeling
KW  - Piezoelectric vibration control
KW  - Rotating blade base excitation model
N1  - Accession Number: 90522698; Min, James B. 1; Email Address: James.B.Min@nasa.gov Duffy, Kirsten P. 2 Choi, Benjamin B. 1 Provenza, Andrew J. 1 Kray, Nicholas 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States  3: General Electric Aviation, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 128, p230; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: RESISTOR-inductor-capacitor circuits; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft engine composite fan blades; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blade rotational effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forced vibration response; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiphysics piezoelectric finite element modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoelectric vibration control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotating blade base excitation model; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruc.2013.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Fisher, David
AU  - Pollard, Wayne H.
AU  - DeWitt, Regina
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Excess ground ice of condensation–diffusion origin in University Valley, Dry Valleys of Antarctica: Evidence from isotope geochemistry and numerical modeling.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 120
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 297
SN  - 00167037
AB  - This study investigates the origin and age of ground ice in the uppermost 1m of permafrost in University Valley, one of the upper valleys in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. In contrast to other regions in the MDV, mean daily air and soil temperatures at the coring sites are always below 0°C, which allows for unique cryogenic processes to occur. In the two cores that were analyzed, excess ground ice was measured throughout, ranging between 23% and 85%. Isotope geochemical trends in the ice-rich permafrost indicate that the ground in Core 5 (65cm long) and the uppermost 52cm of Core 7 originated from condensation–diffusion of water vapor; whereas the ground ice between 57–90cm in Core 7 originated from freezing of liquid water. Using numerical modeling, we show that the excess ground ice of condensation–diffusion origin formed by the long-term thermal contraction–expansion of the cryotic sediments, which allowed for the ice content to exceed pore-filling capacity. Absolute age estimates of the sandy-loam sediments based on Optically Stimulated Luminescence dating indicate that soils have been accreting at the site for at least the last 170±36kayears, and this places an upper limit to the age of the ground ice. Absolute soil ages allowed us to link the change in ground ice origin in Core 7, which took place around 152±12kayears, with shifts in climate conditions since marine isotope stage 5e interglacial period. Our findings offer a new process of ground ice emplacement in sediments in cold–dry environments and allow an alternative explanation regarding the enigmatic origin of excess ground ice identified by Mars Odyssey and Phoenix in the northern martian plain, which is that overfilled pore ice can form by vapor deposition and repeated thermal cycling without the presence of melt water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ISOTOPE geology
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - SOIL temperature
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - AGE of soils
KW  - MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
N1  - Accession Number: 90312862; Lacelle, Denis 1; Email Address: dlacelle@uottawa.ca Davila, Alfonso F. 2 Fisher, David 3 Pollard, Wayne H. 4 DeWitt, Regina 5,6 Heldmann, Jennifer 7 Marinova, Margarita M. 7 McKay, Christopher P. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada  2: SETI Institute/Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, Mountain View, CA, USA  3: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada  4: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada  5: Department of Physics, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA  6: Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 120, p280; Subject Term: ISOTOPE geology; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: SOIL temperature; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: AGE of soils; Subject Term: MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2013.06.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Clark M.
AU  - Ludois, James M.
AU  - Beard, Brian L.
AU  - Beukes, Nicolas J.
AU  - Heimann, Adriana
T1  - Iron formation carbonates: Paleoceanographic proxy or recorder of microbial diagenesis?
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 41
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1147
EP  - 1150
SN  - 00917613
AB  - The chemical and isotopic compositions of carbonates are commonly used as proxies for ancient seawater or paleoenvironments. Iron formation (IF) carbonates have been used as evidence for an anoxic, Fe(II)-rich Archean and Paleoproterozoic ocean and high atmospheric CO2contents. It has been proposed, however, that microbial Fe cycling dominates the chemical and isotopic compositions of IF carbonates, suggesting less direct applicability as an oceanic proxy. Here were use an isotope tracer that is not affected by biological processes or isotopic fractionation, the radiogenic 87Rb-87Sr system, to test the applicability of IF carbonates as a paleoenvironmental proxy. We focus on the 2.5 Ga Campbellrand platform, Transvaal Basin, South Africa, that records a shift from Ca-Mg carbonates to IF carbonates during a marine transgression. When coupled with previously determined Fe, C, and O isotope compositions, it becomes clear that the IF carbonates studied here do not reflect seawater compositions, but instead record extensive microbial Fe cycling in the soft sediment prior to lithification. These results question the use of IF carbonates to infer seawater compositions and paleoenvironmental conditions, including estimates for atmospheric CO2 contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONATES -- Analysis
KW  - DIAGENESIS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ANOXIC zones
KW  - SEAWATER -- Carbon content
KW  - SEAWATER -- Composition
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - HISTORY
KW  - ISOTOPES -- Analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 92530669; Johnson, Clark M. 1; Email Address: clarkj@geology.wisc.edu Ludois, James M. 1 Beard, Brian L. 1 Beukes, Nicolas J. 2 Heimann, Adriana 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, USA  2: Department of Geology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa  3: Department of Geological Sciences, East Carolina University, 101 Graham Building, Greenville, North Carolina 27858, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 41 Issue 11, p1147; Subject Term: CARBONATES -- Analysis; Subject Term: DIAGENESIS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ANOXIC zones; Subject Term: SEAWATER -- Carbon content; Subject Term: SEAWATER -- Composition; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: HISTORY; Subject Term: ISOTOPES -- Analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G34698.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Turner, David P.
AU  - Jacobson, Andrew R.
AU  - Ritts, William D.
AU  - Wang, Weile L.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - A large proportion of North American net ecosystem production is offset by emissions from harvested products, river/stream evasion, and biomass burning.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 19
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3516
EP  - 3528
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Diagnostic carbon cycle models produce estimates of net ecosystem production ( NEP, the balance of net primary production and heterotrophic respiration) by integrating information from (i) satellite-based observations of land surface vegetation characteristics; (ii) distributed meteorological data; and (iii) eddy covariance flux tower observations of net ecosystem exchange ( NEE) (used in model parameterization). However, a full bottom-up accounting of NEE (the vertical carbon flux) that is suitable for integration with atmosphere-based inversion modeling also includes emissions from decomposition/respiration of harvested forest and agricultural products, CO2 evasion from streams and rivers, and biomass burning. Here, we produce a daily time step NEE for North America for the year 2004 that includes NEP as well as the additional emissions. This NEE product was run in the forward mode through the CarbonTracker inversion setup to evaluate its consistency with CO2 concentration observations. The year 2004 was climatologically favorable for NEP over North America and the continental total was estimated at 1730 ± 370 TgC yr−1 (a carbon sink). Harvested product emissions (316 ± 80 TgC yr−1), river/stream evasion (158 ± 50 TgC yr−1), and fire emissions (142 ± 45 TgC yr−1) counteracted a large proportion (35%) of the NEP sink. Geographic areas with strong carbon sinks included Midwest US croplands, and forested regions of the Northeast, Southeast, and Pacific Northwest. The forward mode run with CarbonTracker produced good agreement between observed and simulated wintertime CO2 concentrations aggregated over eight measurement sites around North America, but overestimates of summertime concentrations that suggested an underestimation of summertime carbon uptake. As terrestrial NEP is the dominant offset to fossil fuel emission over North America, a good understanding of its spatial and temporal variation - as well as the fate of the carbon it sequesters ─ is needed for a comprehensive view of the carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL databases
KW  - CARBON -- Environmental aspects
KW  - FOSSIL fuels -- Environmental aspects
KW  - NORTH America -- Environmental conditions
KW  - atmospheric inversion model
KW  - biomass burning
KW  - carbon flux
KW  - net ecosystem exchange
KW  - net ecosystem production
KW  - river evasion
N1  - Accession Number: 90674821; Turner, David P. 1 Jacobson, Andrew R. 2 Ritts, William D. 1 Wang, Weile L. 3 Nemani, Ramakrishna 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University  2: University of Colorado and NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory  3: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 19 Issue 11, p3516; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL databases; Subject Term: CARBON -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: FOSSIL fuels -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: NORTH America -- Environmental conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric inversion model; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomass burning; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: net ecosystem exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: net ecosystem production; Author-Supplied Keyword: river evasion; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.12313
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laurent, Olivier
AU  - Wu, Jun
AU  - Li, Lianfa
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
T1  - Green spaces and pregnancy outcomes in Southern California.
JO  - Health & Place
JF  - Health & Place
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 195
SN  - 13538292
AB  - Abstract: Little is known about the impacts of green spaces on pregnancy outcomes. The relationship between green space exposure and preeclampsia has never been studied. We used a hospital-based perinatal database including more than 80,000 births to study the relationships between greenness exposure and three pregnancy outcomes: birth weight in term born infants, preterm deliveries and preeclampsia. Greenness was characterized using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within circular buffers surrounding maternal homes. Analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations, adjusted for potential confounders. We observed an increase in birth weight in term born infants and a reduced risk of preterm births associated with an increase in NDVI. No significant association was observed between greenness and preeclampsia. This study provides modest support for beneficial effects of greenness exposure on pregnancy outcomes and calls for confirmation in other study settings. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Health & Place is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PREGNANCY
KW  - OUTCOME assessment (Medical care)
KW  - PREECLAMPSIA
KW  - PERINATAL death
KW  - NORMALIZED difference vegetation index
KW  - PREMATURE infants
KW  - SOUTHERN California
KW  - Birth weight
KW  - Green space
KW  - Greenness
KW  - Preeclampsia
KW  - Premature birth
N1  - Accession Number: 92516905; Laurent, Olivier 1; Email Address: olaurent@uci.edu Wu, Jun 1; Email Address: junwu@uci.edu Li, Lianfa 1; Email Address: lianfal@uci.edu Milesi, Cristina 2; Email Address: cristina.milesi-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Program in Public Health, Anteater Instruction & Research Bldg (AIRB), 653 East Peltason Drive University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-3957, United States  2: Department of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 24, p190; Subject Term: PREGNANCY; Subject Term: OUTCOME assessment (Medical care); Subject Term: PREECLAMPSIA; Subject Term: PERINATAL death; Subject Term: NORMALIZED difference vegetation index; Subject Term: PREMATURE infants; Subject Term: SOUTHERN California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Birth weight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Green space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preeclampsia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Premature birth; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.healthplace.2013.09.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Callahan, Michael P.
AU  - Gerakines, Perry A.
AU  - Martin, Mildred G.
AU  - Peeters, Zan
AU  - Hudson, Reggie L.
T1  - Irradiated benzene ice provides clues to meteoritic organic chemistry.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 226
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1201
EP  - 1209
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We analyzed the organic residue made from proton-irradiated benzene at ∼20K. [•] Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry unambiguously identified numerous polyphenyls. [•] High resolution mass spectrometry revealed a complex distribution of organics. [•] The mass spectral fingerprint of the benzene residue compared well with meteorites. [•] Radiation chemistry of benzene may have produced some meteoritic organics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
KW  - RADIATION chemistry
KW  - ICE
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - ORGANIC chemistry
KW  - POLYPHENYLENE oxide
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Cosmochemistry
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 90586253; Callahan, Michael P. 1,2; Email Address: michael.p.callahan@nasa.gov Gerakines, Perry A. 1,2 Martin, Mildred G. 1,2,3 Peeters, Zan 4 Hudson, Reggie L. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Solar System Exploration Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Goddard Center for Astrobiology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA  4: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 226 Issue 2, p1201; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Subject Term: RADIATION chemistry; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: ORGANIC chemistry; Subject Term: POLYPHENYLENE oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.033
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90586253&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Toon, Geoffrey C.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - FT-IR measurements of cold C3H8 cross sections at 7–15μm for Titan atmosphere.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 226
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1499
EP  - 1513
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Measured 34 spectra of C3H8 at 145–297K from 690 to 1550cm−1 using a FT-IR. [•] Derived cross sections of C3H8 broadened by N2 as a function of temperature. [•] Obtained total intensity of 52.93×10−19 cm−1/(moleculecm−2) at 296K. [•] Also generated ‘pseudo-line list’ which reproduces observed spectra to ±3%. [•] Will support atmospheric remote sensing of Titan, Saturn, and Jupiter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - GEOLOGICAL cross sections
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - PROPANE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheric composition
KW  - IR spectroscopy
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Titan atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 90586272; Sung, Keeyoon 1; Email Address: ksung@jpl.nasa.gov Toon, Geoffrey C. 1 Mantz, Arlan W. 2 Smith, Mary Ann H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  2: Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 226 Issue 2, p1499; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL cross sections; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: PROPANE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan atmosphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424710 Petroleum Bulk Stations and Terminals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454312 Liquefied petroleum gas (bottled gas) dealers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
T1  - Effects of Trojan exoplanets on the reflex motions of their parent stars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 226
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1635
EP  - 1641
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Some stars may have two or more planets stably sharing the same orbit. [•] Results are presented for the reflex motion and tidal effects on such stars. [•] Radial velocities alone can seriously misjudge masses of planets in shared orbits. [•] Combining Doppler data with tidal lightcurves gives accurate masses for both planets. [•] A simple new method is given for adding tidal perturbations from two or more sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - TROJAN asteroids
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - A stars -- Motion in line of sight
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Extrasolar planets
KW  - Planetary dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 90586284; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 226 Issue 2, p1635; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: TROJAN asteroids; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: A stars -- Motion in line of sight; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary dynamics; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.06.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90586284&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clements, J. Sidney
AU  - Thompson, Samuel M.
AU  - Cox, Nathanael D.
AU  - Johansen, Michael R.
AU  - Williams, Blakeley S.
AU  - Hogue, Michael D.
AU  - Lowder, M. Loraine
AU  - Calle, Carlos I.
T1  - Development of an Electrostatic Precipitator to Remove Martian Atmospheric Dust From ISRU Gas Intakes During Planetary Exploration Missions.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2388
EP  - 2396
SN  - 00939994
AB  - Manned exploration missions to Mars will need dependable in situ resource utilization (ISRU) for oxygen production. The Martian atmosphere is composed of 95.3% \CO2, other gases, and 0.13% \O2 at \sim9 mbar (1% of the Earth's pressure). However, it also contains 2–10-\mu\m dust uploaded by dust devils and high winds. Oxygen extraction requires removal of the dust with little pressure drop (\Delta p). An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) has lower \Delta p than a filter, but the low pressure causes an electrical breakdown at electric fields ( \sim\!\!1\ \kV/cm) \sim\!\!30\times lower than on Earth, making implementation challenging. Molecular mean free paths (\lambda = 4\ \mu\m) and ion mobility values (b = 0.008\ \m^2/\V\cdot \s) are \sim\!\!100\times larger than at Earth's pressure (\lambda = 44\ \nm) and (b = 8.4 \times 10^-5). The large \lambda lowers Stokes drag, particularly for smaller particles. Pauthenier field charging dominates for particles with d > 5\ \mu\m and diffusion charging for d < 2\ \mu\m. The low E proportionally decreases both Pauthenier particle charging and the F = qE collection force. This greatly reduces the particle migration velocities (w), e.g., for d = 10\ \mu\m, w = 0.01\ \m/s compared with 0.4 m/s on Earth. However, for small particles (d = 1\ \mu\m), this is compensated by diffusion charging and reduced drag (w = 0.04\ \m/s on Mars, 0.05 m/s on Earth). The Martian atmosphere was simulated with 95% \CO2/5\% humid air at 9 mbar. Paschen curves were measured, and I–V curves (I \sim 5 - 300\ \mu\A for V \sim 1.3 - 2.3\ \kV) were obtained for 5–10-cm-diameter wire/rod-cylinder ESPs. Only positive polarity yielded stable uniform corona. Charging of 0.5–1.3-cm-diameter spheres agreed with the Pauthenier theory. A Martian dust simulant collection efficiency test is in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - CORONA (Electricity)
KW  - CORONA (Surface discharges)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - DUST storms
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC precipitation
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Carbon dioxide
KW  - corona discharge
KW  - Earth
KW  - Electric breakdown
KW  - Electrodes
KW  - electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
KW  - Electrostatic precipitators
KW  - Ions
KW  - Mars
KW  - Martian dust
KW  - particle charging
N1  - Accession Number: 92520561; Clements, J. Sidney 1 Thompson, Samuel M. 1 Cox, Nathanael D. 1 Johansen, Michael R. 2 Williams, Blakeley S. 3 Hogue, Michael D. 2 Lowder, M. Loraine 4 Calle, Carlos I. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA  2: Electrostatics and Surface Physics Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, USA  3: University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA  4: Division of Science, Math, and Health Professions, Atlanta Metropolitan College, Atlanta, GA, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p2388; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: CORONA (Electricity); Subject Term: CORONA (Surface discharges); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: DUST storms; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: corona discharge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric breakdown; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrostatic precipitation (ESP); Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic precipitators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martian dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: particle charging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIA.2013.2263782
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patel, Viral K.
AU  - Robinson, Franklin
AU  - Seyed-Yagoobi, Jamal
AU  - Didion, Jeffrey
T1  - Terrestrial and Microgravity Experimental Study of Microscale Heat-Transport Device Driven by Electrohydrodynamic Conduction Pumping.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2397
EP  - 2401
SN  - 00939994
AB  - Research on heat transport in microscale has been generating much interest in the recent years due to the development of state-of-the-art high-powered electronics used in aerospace and terrestrial applications and the large amount of heat produced during their operation. Microscale two-phase-flow heat-transport devices are seen as one solution to this problem of high heat-flux removal. Microscale devices have extremely high heat fluxes due to the small heat-transfer surface area. In addition, the need for robust, nonmechanical, lightweight, low-noise, and low-vibration devices in specialized aerospace applications has led researchers to investigate electrically driven flow devices rather than their mechanical counterparts. This paper, for the first time, presents the results of an experimental study of a unique microscale heat-transport device that is driven by electrohydrodynamic (EHD) conduction pumping. Results from ground-based single-phase experiments with a microscale EHD pump are compared with experiments conducted on board a variable-gravity parabolic flight. Data show that the EHD pump functions well in both environments and can be potentially used in heat-transport devices in the absence of gravity. This is the first step in broader-scale future experimental work that will involve heat transfer, including phase change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID dielectrics
KW  - ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - MICROPUMPS
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - Dielectric liquids
KW  - Electrodes
KW  - electrohydrodynamics (EHDs)
KW  - Fluids
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Heat pumps
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Heating
KW  - microgravity
KW  - micropumps
N1  - Accession Number: 92520562; Patel, Viral K. 1 Robinson, Franklin 2 Seyed-Yagoobi, Jamal 3 Didion, Jeffrey 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute , Worcester, MA, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p2397; Subject Term: LIQUID dielectrics; Subject Term: ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: MICROPUMPS; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectric liquids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrohydrodynamics (EHDs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat pumps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heating; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: micropumps; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIA.2013.2264042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyers, Valerie E.
AU  - García, Hector D.
AU  - McMullin, Tami S.
AU  - Tobin, Joseph M.
AU  - James, John T.
T1  - Safe human exposure limits for airborne linear siloxanes during spaceflight.
JO  - Inhalation Toxicology
JF  - Inhalation Toxicology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 25
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 735
EP  - 746
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 08958378
AB  - Background: Low molecular weight siloxanes are used in industrial processes and consumer products, and their vapors have been detected in the atmospheres of the Space Shuttle and International Space Station. Therefore, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) developed spacecraft maximum allowable concentrations (SMACs) for siloxane vapors to protect astronaut health. Since publication of these original SMACs, new studies and new risk assessment approaches have been published that warrant re-examination of the SMACs. Objective: To reevaluate SMACs published for octamethyltrisiloxane (L3) for exposures ranging from 1 hour to 180 days, to develop a 1000-day SMAC, and to expand the applicability of those values to the family of linear siloxanes. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify studies conducted since the SMACs for L3 were set in 1994. The updated data were reviewed to determine the sensitive toxicity endpoints, and current risk assessment approaches and methods for dosimetric adjustments were evaluated. Results: Recent data were used to update the original 1-hour, 24-hour, 30-day, and 180-day SMACs for L3, and a 1000-day SMAC was developed to protect crewmembers during future exploration beyond Earth orbit. Group SMACs for the linear siloxane family, including hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), L3, decamethyltetrasiloxane (L4), and dodecamethylpentasiloxane (L5), were set for exposures of 1-hour to 1000 days. Conclusion: New SMACs, based on acute pulmonary and neurotoxicity at high doses only achievable with L2 and potential liver effects following longer-term exposures to L2 and L3, were established to protect crewmembers from the adverse effects of exposure to linear siloxanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Inhalation Toxicology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POISONOUS gases -- Toxicology
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NEUROTOXICOLOGY
KW  - SILOXANES
KW  - VAPORS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - Inhalation
KW  - siloxane
KW  - spaceflight
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 92048375; Meyers, Valerie E. 1 García, Hector D. 2 McMullin, Tami S. 3 Tobin, Joseph M. 3 James, John T. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center Houston, TX USA  2: Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group Houston, TX USA  3: Dow Corning Corporation, Health and Environmental Sciences Midland, MI USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 25 Issue 13, p735; Subject Term: POISONOUS gases -- Toxicology; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NEUROTOXICOLOGY; Subject Term: SILOXANES; Subject Term: VAPORS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inhalation; Author-Supplied Keyword: siloxane; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3109/08958378.2013.845629
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92048375&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Hyoungsoon
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Flow condensation in horizontal tubes.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 66
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 45
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: This study examines condensation heat transfer in horizontal channels. Two separate condensation modules are tested using FC-72 as condensing fluid and water as coolant. The first module is dedicated to obtaining detailed heat transfer measurements of the condensing flow, and the second to video capture of the condensation film’s interfacial behavior. Four dominant flow regimes are identified: smooth-annular, wavy-annular, stratified-wavy and stratified, whose boundaries show fair agreement with published flow regime maps. The film’s interface is observed to feature an array of small ripples and relatively large waves, with the largest waves tending to merge into yet larger waves having greater liquid mass, amplitude and speed. This behavior is believed to influence condensation heat transfer, especially downstream. The local condensation heat transfer coefficient is highest near the inlet, where quality is near unity and the film thinnest, and decreases monotonically in the axial direction in response to the film thickening. This variation is very sensitive to the mass velocity of FC-72, and the heat transfer coefficient decreases sharply in the inlet region but this decrease slows significantly in the downstream region because of the combined effects of turbulence and interfacial waviness. The measured condensation heat transfer coefficient shows good agreement with a select number of correlations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - CHANNELS (Hydraulic engineering)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - COOLING of water
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Horizontal flow
KW  - Interfacial waves
N1  - Accession Number: 90312903; Lee, Hyoungsoon 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 66, p31; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: CHANNELS (Hydraulic engineering); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: COOLING of water; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Horizontal flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial waves; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.06.044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90312903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reyes, Dasia A.
AU  - Girimaji, Sharath S.
AU  - Pandya, Mohagna J.
AU  - Abdol-Hami, Khaled S.
T1  - Computations of High-Lift Wing Configuration on Unstructured Grids Using k-ω Models.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1682
EP  - 1695
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Turbulent flow computations of the NASA "trap-wing" high-lift configuration are performed at various angles of attack using a k-ω family of models to assess their capabilities for high-lift design and optimization applications. The four k-ω model variants used are: 1) Wilcox's 1988 baseline model; 2) variable-β model consistent with the rapidly strained limit; 3) variable-β model consistent with the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model; and 4) Wilcox's 2006 enhanced model. Subject to the conditions of this test, the variable-β model consistent with the rapidly strained limit not only performs the best but is also numerically more robust and does not require the use of a production-to-dissipation limiter. Overall, our findings indicate that variable-β makes an important difference. In the proximity of stall, a low-Reynolds- number correction to eddy viscosity may be needed to accurately capture experimental behavior. The results provide much needed insight into the models' predictive capabilities and identify areas for future k-ω, model improvements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - EDDY viscosity
N1  - Accession Number: 93368415; Reyes, Dasia A. 1 Girimaji, Sharath S. 1 Pandya, Mohagna J. 2 Abdol-Hami, Khaled S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3141  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov-Dec2013, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1682; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: EDDY viscosity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031492
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93368415&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy E.
AU  - Riley, James T.
T1  - Scaling of Lift Degradation Due to Antiicing Fluids.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1886
EP  - 1895
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In recent years, North American civil airworthiness authorities have conducted research to develop the allowance times for aircraft operations in ice-pellet precipitation. These allowance times are critical to ensure the safety and efficient operation of commercial and cargo flights. Wind-tunnel testing with uncontaminated antiicing fluids and fluids contaminated with simulated ice pellets has been carried out to better understand the flowoff characteristics and resulting aerodynamic effects. The percent lift loss was determined at an 8 deg angle of attack and used as one of the evaluation criteria in determining the allowance times. This paper describes how the lift loss was related to the loss in the maximum lift of a Boeing 737-200ADV airplane through the aerodynamic acceptance test performed for fluids qualification. A loss in the maximum lift coefficient of 5.24 % on the B737-200ADV airplane (which was adopted as the threshold in the aerodynamic acceptance test) corresponds to a lift loss of 7.3% on the test model at an 8 deg angle of attack. A statistical analysis was performed to account for data scatter in the correlation and indicated that the upper limit of lift loss on the test model was 9.2 %. Therefore, for cases resulting in lift loss from 7.3 to 9.2 %, extra scrutiny of the visual observations is required for evaluating fluid performance with contamination and establishing appropriate allowance times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE prevention & control
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BOEING 737 (Jet transport)
N1  - Accession Number: 93368432; Broeren, Andy E. 1 Riley, James T. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Federal Aviation Administration, Atlantic City, New Jersey 08405; Source Info: Nov-Dec2013, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1886; Subject Term: ICE prevention & control; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BOEING 737 (Jet transport); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032259
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93368432&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zelinski, Shannon J.
T1  - Benefits of Precision Scheduling and Spacing for Arrival Operations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov-Dec2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1923
EP  - 1932
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Advances in arrival scheduling and controller aids for spacing have the potential benefits of reducing aircraft delays and increasing airport arrival throughput. Schedulers use fixed arrival paths to estimate aircraft's time-to-fly and assign them arrival slots based on the required separation with a buffer. Concepts that reduce arrival time uncertainty can take advantage of advanced scheduling with smaller spacing buffers. These concepts have been successfully demonstrated with a handful of near- to midterm traffic demand scenarios and technologies using spacing buffers as low as 0.3 n mile. The analysis published here characterizes the observed arrival spacing behavior of 29 runways at 15 airports in eight of the busiest terminal areas across the United States during 32-60 days worth of traffic. The typical observed instrument arrival buffers ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 n mile would equate to roughly a 10-20 % increase in runway arrival capacity if buffers were reduced to 0.3 n mile. The effect of fixed arrival routing on terminal area flight time was also studied. Most runways studied had a significant path stretch delay. This work estimates that 1-2 rain of this delay could be reduced with precision scheduling, and most of the remaining delay could be absorbed by speed control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR travel -- Timetables
KW  - AIRCRAFT separation
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RUNWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - FLIGHT delays & cancellations (Airlines)
KW  - AIR traffic
N1  - Accession Number: 93368435; Zelinski, Shannon J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Nov-Dec2013, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1923; Subject Term: AIR travel -- Timetables; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT separation; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RUNWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: FLIGHT delays & cancellations (Airlines); Subject Term: AIR traffic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032352
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93368435&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
AU  - Dubuisson, Philippe
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Faivre, Michaël
AU  - Chomette, Olivier
AU  - Pascal, Nicolas
AU  - Lucker, Pat
AU  - Murray, Tim
T1  - Retrieval of Cloud Properties Using CALIPSO Imaging Infrared Radiometer. Part II: Effective Diameter and Ice Water Path.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 52
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2582
EP  - 2599
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - This paper describes the version-3 level-2 operational analysis of the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) data collected in the framework of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations ( CALIPSO) mission to retrieve cirrus cloud effective diameter and ice water path in synergy with the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) collocated observations. The analysis uses a multisensor split-window technique relying on the concept of microphysical index applied to the two pairs of channels (12.05, 10.6 μm) and (12.05, 8.65 μm) to retrieve cirrus microphysical properties (effective diameter, ice water path) at 1-km pixel resolution. Retrievals are performed for three crystal families selected from precomputed lookup tables identified as representative of the main relationships between the microphysical indices. The uncertainties in the microphysical indices are detailed and quantified, and the impact on the retrievals is simulated. The possible biases have been assessed through consistency checks that are based on effective emissivity difference. It has been shown that particle effective diameters of single-layered cirrus clouds can be retrieved, for the first time, down to effective emissivities close to 0.05 when accurate measured background radiances can be used and up to 0.95 over ocean and land, as well as over low opaque clouds. The retrieval of the ice water path from the IIR effective optical depth and the effective diameter is discussed. Taking advantage of the cloud boundaries retrieved by CALIOP, an IIR power-law relationship between ice water content and extinction is established for four temperature ranges and shown to be consistent with previous results on average for the chosen dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED radiometry
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Cirrus clouds
KW  - Cloud microphysics
KW  - Cloud retrieval
KW  - Satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 91899422; Garnier, Anne 1,2,3 Pelon, Jacques 3 Dubuisson, Philippe 4 Yang, Ping 5 Faivre, Michaël 3 Chomette, Olivier 6 Pascal, Nicolas 7 Lucker, Pat 1,2 Murray, Tim 1,2; Affiliation:  1: * Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UPMC-UVSQ-CNRS, Paris, France  4: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université de Lille 1, Lille, France  5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas  6: ** Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France  7: Hygeos, Cloud-Aerosol-Water-Radiation Interactions (ICARE), Lille, France; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 52 Issue 11, p2582; Subject Term: INFRARED radiometry; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cirrus clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud microphysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-12-0328.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91899422&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fisher, Travis C.
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
T1  - High-order entropy stable finite difference schemes for nonlinear conservation laws: Finite domains.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 252
M3  - Article
SP  - 518
EP  - 557
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: Nonlinear entropy stability is used to derive provably stable high-order finite difference operators including boundary closure stencils, for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. A comparison technique is used to derive a new Entropy Stable Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (SSWENO) finite difference method, appropriate for simulations of problems with shocks. Viscous terms are approximated using conservative, entropy stable, narrow-stencil finite difference operators. The efficacy of the new discrete operators is demonstrated using both smooth and discontinuous test cases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FINITE difference method
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Conservation
KW  - Entropy conservation
KW  - Entropy stability
KW  - High-order finite difference methods
KW  - Navier–Stokes
KW  - SBP-SAT
KW  - Skew-symmetric
KW  - WENO
N1  - Accession Number: 89582541; Fisher, Travis C. 1,2; Email Address: tcfishe@sandia.gov Carpenter, Mark H. 1; Email Address: mark.h.carpenter@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 252, p518; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FINITE difference method; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order finite difference methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: SBP-SAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skew-symmetric; Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO; Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2013.06.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=89582541&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johansen, C. T.
AU  - Novak, L.
AU  - Bathel, B. F.
AU  - Ashcraft, S. W.
AU  - Danehy, P. M.
T1  - Mars Science Laboratory Reaction Control System Jet Computations with Visualization and Velocimetry.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov/Dec2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1195
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Numerical predictions of the Mars Science Laboratory reaction control system jets interacting with a Mach 10 hypersonic flow are compared to experimental nitric oxide planar laser-induced fluorescence data. The steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using the Baldwin-Barth one-equation turbulence model were solved using the OVERFLOW code. The experimental fluorescence data used for comparison consist of qualitative two-dimensional visualization images, qualitative reconstructed three-dimensional flow structures, and quantitative two-dimensional distributions of streamwise velocity. Through modeling of the fluorescence signal equation, computational flow images were produced and directly compared to the qualitative fluorescence data. Post processing of the experimental and simulation data enabled the jet trajectory to be extracted for a more quantitative comparison. The two-dimensional velocity fields were reconstructed through interpolation of a series of single-component velocity profiles. Each distribution of single-component velocity was obtained using molecular tagging velocimetry. After validating the numerical model, the numerical solution was further examined to gain insight into hypersonic jet-in-crossflow interaction. Novel nitric oxide planar laser induced fluorescence experiments are proposed based on this [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - FLOW velocity
N1  - Accession Number: 93403276; Johansen, C. T. 1,2,3 Novak, L. 4,5,6 Bathel, B. F. 4,7,8,9 Ashcraft, S. W. 4,9,10,11 Danehy, P. M. 4,12,13; Affiliation:  1: University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada  2: Assistant Professor, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering  3: Member AIAA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  5: Project Engineer, Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666  6: Software Engineer, Sukra Helitek Inc., Ames, IA 50010  7: Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493  8: Graduate Student, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904  9: Student Member AIAA  10: Advance Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493  11: University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506  12: Research Scientist, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493  13: Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2013, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1183; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: FLOW velocity; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32496
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93403276&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dutta, Soumyo
AU  - Braun, Robert D.
AU  - Russell, Ryan R.
AU  - Striepe, Scott A.
AU  - Clark, Ian G.
T1  - Comparison of Statistical Estimation Techniques for Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Reconstruction.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2013/11//Nov/Dec2013
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1207
EP  - 1221
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Flight data from an entry, descent, and landing sequence can be used to reconstruct the vehicle's trajectory, aerodynamic coefficients, and the atmospheric profile experienced by the vehicle. Past Mars missions have not contained instrumentation that would allow for the separation of uncertainties in the atmosphere and the aerodynamic database. The 2012 Mars Science Laboratory took measurements of the pressure distribution on the aeroshell forebody during entry and allows freestream atmospheric conditions to be partially observable. Methods to estimate the flight performance statistically using onboard measurements are demonstrated here through the use of simulated Mars data. A range of statistical estimators, specifically the extended Kalman filter and unscented Kalman filter, are used to demonstrate which estimator best quantifies the states and the uncertainties in the flight parameters. The techniques demonstrated herein are planned for application to the Mars Science Laboratory flight dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS probes
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 93403278; Dutta, Soumyo 1,2,3 Braun, Robert D. 1,4,5 Russell, Ryan R. 6,7,8 Striepe, Scott A. 9,10 Clark, Ian G. 11,12,13; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0150  2: Graduate Research Assistant, Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Drive  3: Student Member AIAA  4: David and Andrew Lewis Professor of Space Technology, Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Drive  5: Fellow AIAA  6: University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0235  7: Assistant Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, 1 University Station, C0600  8: Senior Member AIAA  9: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  10: Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory., California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109-8001  12: Aerospace Engineer, Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems and Advanced Technologies Group, 4800 Oak Grove Drive  13: Member AIAA; Source Info: Nov/Dec2013, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1207; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS probes; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32459
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93403278&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stebner, A.P.
AU  - Vogel, S.C.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Sisneros, T.A.
AU  - Clausen, B.
AU  - Brown, D.W.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Brinson, L.C.
T1  - Micromechanical quantification of elastic, twinning, and slip strain partitioning exhibited by polycrystalline, monoclinic nickel–titanium during large uniaxial deformations measured via in-situ neutron diffraction.
JO  - Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids
JF  - Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 61
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2302
EP  - 2330
SN  - 00225096
AB  - Abstract: We draw upon existing knowledge of twinning and slip mechanics to develop a diffraction analysis model that allows for empirical quantification of individual deformation mechanisms to the macroscopic behaviors of low symmetry and phase transforming crystalline solids. These methods are applied in studying elasticity, accommodation twinning, deformation twinning, and slip through neutron diffraction data of tensile and compressive deformations of monoclinic NiTi to ~18% true strain. A deeper understanding of tension–compression asymmetry in NiTi is gained by connecting crystallographic calculations of polycrystalline twinning strains with in situ diffraction measurements. Our analyses culminate in empirical, micromechanical quantification of individual elastic, accommodation twinning, deformation twinning, and slip contributions to the total macroscopic stress–strain response of a monoclinic material subjected to large deformations. From these results, we find that 20–40% of the total plastic response at high strains is due to deformation twinning and 60–80% due to slip. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - TWINNING (Crystallography)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - NEUTRON diffraction
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - Monoclinic
KW  - Neutron diffraction
KW  - Plasticity
KW  - Shape memory alloy
KW  - Twinning
N1  - Accession Number: 90094916; Stebner, A.P. 1; Email Address: astebner@mines.edu Vogel, S.C. 2 Noebe, R.D. 3 Sisneros, T.A. 2 Clausen, B. 2 Brown, D.W. 2 Garg, A. 3 Brinson, L.C. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 61 Issue 11, p2302; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: TWINNING (Crystallography); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: NEUTRON diffraction; Subject Term: TENSILE strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monoclinic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Twinning; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jmps.2013.05.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90094916&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M cSween, Harry Y.
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - De Sanctis, M. Cristina
AU  - Ammannito, Eleonora
AU  - Prettyman, Thomas H.
AU  - Beck, Andrew W.
AU  - Reddy, Vishnu
AU  - Corre, Lucille
AU  - Gaffey, Michael J.
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - Raymond, Carol A.
AU  - Russell, Christopher T.
T1  - Dawn; the Vesta- HED connection; and the geologic context for eucrites, diogenites, and howardites.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 48
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2090
EP  - 2104
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The Dawn mission has provided new evidence strengthening the identification of asteroid Vesta as the parent body of the howardite, eucrite, and diogenite ( HED) meteorites. The evidence includes Vesta's petrologic complexity, detailed spectroscopic characteristics, unique space weathering, diagnostic geochemical abundances and neutron absorption characteristics, chronology of surface units and impact history, occurrence of exogenous carbonaceous chondritic materials in the regolith, and dimensions of the core, all of which are consistent with HED observations and constraints. Global mapping of the distributions of HED lithologies by Dawn cameras and spectrometers provides the missing geologic context for these meteorites, thereby allowing tests of petrogenetic models and increasing their scientific value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IDENTIFICATION (Statistics)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - NEUTRON capture
KW  - VESTA (Asteroid)
N1  - Accession Number: 92967562; M cSween, Harry Y. 1 Binzel, Richard P. 2 De Sanctis, M. Cristina 3 Ammannito, Eleonora 3 Prettyman, Thomas H. 4 Beck, Andrew W. 5 Reddy, Vishnu 6 Corre, Lucille 6 Gaffey, Michael J. 7 McCord, Thomas B. 8 Raymond, Carol A. 9 Russell, Christopher T. 10; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Geoscience Institute and Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee  2: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology  3: Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Istituto Nazionale de Astrofisica  4: Planetary Science Institute  5: Department of Mineral Sciences, Smithsonian Institution  6: Max Planck Institut fur Sonnensystemforschung  7: Department of Space Studies, University of North Dakota  8: Bear Fight Institute  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  10: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 48 Issue 11, p2090; Subject Term: IDENTIFICATION (Statistics); Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: NEUTRON capture; Subject Term: VESTA (Asteroid); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ammannito, Eleonora
AU  - Sanctis, M. Cristina
AU  - Capaccioni, Fabrizio
AU  - Teresa Capria, M.
AU  - Carraro, F.
AU  - Combe, Jean-Philippe
AU  - Fonte, Sergio
AU  - Frigeri, Alessandro
AU  - Joy, Steven P.
AU  - Longobardo, Andrea
AU  - Magni, Gianfranco
AU  - Marchi, Simone
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - McFadden, Lucy A.
AU  - McSween, Harry Y.
AU  - Palomba, Ernesto
AU  - Pieters, Carle M.
AU  - Polanskey, Carol A.
AU  - Raymond, Carol A.
AU  - Sunshine, Jessica M.
T1  - Vestan lithologies mapped by the visual and infrared spectrometer on Dawn.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 48
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2185
EP  - 2198
SN  - 10869379
AB  - We present global lithological maps of the Vestan surface based on Dawn mission's Visible InfraRed (VIR) Spectrometer acquisitions with a spatial sampling of 200 m. The maps confirm the results obtained with the data set acquired by VIR with a spatial sampling of 700 m, that the reflectance spectra of Vesta's surface are dominated by pyroxene absorptions that can be interpreted within the context of the distribution of howardites, eucrites, and diogenites (HEDs). The maps also partially agree with the ground and Hubble Space Telescope observations: they confirm the background surface being an assemblage of howardite or polymict eucrite, as well as the location of a diogenitic-rich spot; however, there is no evidence of extended olivine-rich regions in the equatorial latitudes. Diogenite is revealed on the Rheasilvia basin floor, indicating that material of the lower crust/mantle was exposed. VIR also detected diogenites along the scarp of Matronalia Rupes, and the rims of Severina and a nearby, unnamed crater, and as ejecta of Antonia crater. The diogenite distribution is fully consistent with petrological constraints; although the mapped distribution does not provide unambiguous constraints, it favors the hypothesis of a magma ocean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - MAPPINGS (Mathematics)
KW  - IR spectrometers
KW  - SAMPLING (Statistics)
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 92967566; Ammannito, Eleonora 1 Sanctis, M. Cristina 1 Capaccioni, Fabrizio 1 Teresa Capria, M. 1 Carraro, F. 1 Combe, Jean-Philippe 2 Fonte, Sergio 1 Frigeri, Alessandro 1 Joy, Steven P. 3 Longobardo, Andrea 1 Magni, Gianfranco 1 Marchi, Simone 4 McCord, Thomas B. 2 McFadden, Lucy A. 5 McSween, Harry Y. 6 Palomba, Ernesto 1 Pieters, Carle M. 7 Polanskey, Carol A. 8 Raymond, Carol A. 8 Sunshine, Jessica M. 9; Affiliation:  1: Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF  2: Bear Fight Institute  3: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California  4: NASA Lunar Science Institute, Southwest Research Institute  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  6: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee  7: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  9: University of Maryland; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 48 Issue 11, p2185; Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: MAPPINGS (Mathematics); Subject Term: IR spectrometers; Subject Term: SAMPLING (Statistics); Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541910 Marketing Research and Public Opinion Polling; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12192
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HERTER, T. L.
AU  - VACCA, W. D.
AU  - ADAMS, J. D.
AU  - KELLER, L. D.
AU  - SCHOENWALD, J.
AU  - HIRSCH, L.
AU  - WANG, J.
AU  - DE BUIZER, J. M.
AU  - HELTON, L. A.
AU  - LLORENS, M. C.
T1  - Data Reduction and Early Science Calibration for FORCAST, A Mid-Infrared Camera for SOFIA.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 125
IS  - 933
M3  - Article
SP  - 1393
EP  - 1404
SN  - 00046280
AB  - FORCAST is a mid-infrared (5-40 μm) facility instrument for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). After achieving first light flight in 2010 May, FORCAST has completed two observatory characterization flights and thirteen science flights on SOFIA. In this paper we describe the photometric calibration of FORCAST which involves some subtleties in correction for array artifacts and uncertainties due to the airborne environment. At present FORCASTis able to achieve approximately 20% (3σ) uncertainty in the calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DATA reduction
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - AUTOMATIC data collection systems
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 92750181; HERTER, T. L. 1 VACCA, W. D. 2 ADAMS, J. D. 1 KELLER, L. D. 3 SCHOENWALD, J. 1 HIRSCH, L. 1 WANG, J. 1 DE BUIZER, J. M. 2 HELTON, L. A. 2 LLORENS, M. C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801  2: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center,MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: Department of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 125 Issue 933, p1393; Subject Term: DATA reduction; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC data collection systems; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Company/Entity: STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cardace, D.
AU  - Hoehler, T.
AU  - McCollom, T.
AU  - Schrenk, M.
AU  - Carnevale, D.
AU  - Kubo, M.
AU  - Twing, K. x K.
T1  - Establishment of the Coast Range ophiolite microbial observatory (CROMO): drilling objectives and preliminary outcomes.
JO  - Scientific Drilling
JF  - Scientific Drilling
Y1  - 2013/11//
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 55
PB  - Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH
SN  - 18168957
AB  - This project aimed to establish a subsurface microbial observatory in ultramafic rocks, by drilling into an actively serpentinizing peridotite body, characterizing cored rocks, and outfitting the boreholes for a program of long-term observation and experimentation to resolve the serpentinite-hosted subsurface biosphere. We completed drilling in August 2011, drilling two boreholes with core recovery and possibility for down-hole experimentation, and six smaller-diameter monitoring wells arrayed around the two primary holes, in the Coast Range ophiolite (CRO) locality in the UC-Davis McLaughlin Natural Reserve, Lower Lake, CA. Every effort was made during drilling to keep the cores and wells as free of drilling-induced contamination as possible: clean, purified water was used as drilling fluid, fluorescent microbead tracers were suspended in that water for quantification of drilling fluid penetration into the cores, and high resolution next generation sequencing approaches were used to characterize the microbial populations in the drill fluids and core materials. In December 2011, we completed installation of well pumps (slow flow bladder pumps) in the monitoring wells, and have deployed a set of in situ incubation experiments in the two uncased boreholes. Preliminary findings illustrate natural variability in actively serpentinizing strata, and confirm distinct groundwater flow regimes and microbial ecosystems in (a) shallow, surface-impacted soil water horizons and (b) deeper, ultramafic bedrocksourced formation fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Drilling is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPHIOLITES
KW  - OBSERVATORIES
KW  - ULTRABASIC rocks
KW  - PERIDOTITE
KW  - BOREHOLES
KW  - DRILLING fluids
N1  - Accession Number: 95463129; Cardace, D. 1; Email Address: cardace@uri.edu Hoehler, T. 2 McCollom, T. 3 Schrenk, M. 4 Carnevale, D. 1 Kubo, M. 2 Twing, K. x K. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Rhode Island, Department of Geosciences, 9 East Alumni Avenue, Kingston, RI 02881-2019, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: CU Center for Astrobiology & Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, Campus Box 600, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0600, USA  4: East Carolina University, Department of Biology, Howell Science Complex, Greenville, NC 27858, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Issue 16, p45; Subject Term: OPHIOLITES; Subject Term: OBSERVATORIES; Subject Term: ULTRABASIC rocks; Subject Term: PERIDOTITE; Subject Term: BOREHOLES; Subject Term: DRILLING fluids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712110 Museums; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/sd-16-45-2013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Li
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Guo, S.M.
T1  - Thermal radiation properties of plasma-sprayed Gd2Zr2O7 thermal barrier coatings.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 69
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 674
EP  - 677
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The reflectance and transmittance spectra of plasma-sprayed Gd2Zr2O7 coatings were measured and the absorption and scattering coefficient as a function of wavelength were extracted using the four-flux model. Results showed that Gd2Zr2O7 is a high scattering, low absorption material at the wavelength <6μm, and the scattering coefficient decreases with the increase of wavelength. Compared with yttria-stabilized zirconia, Gd2Zr2O7 shows higher reflectance and lower transmittance in the wavelength range of 0.8–2.7μm, which is desirable in thermal barrier coating applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - PLASMA sprayed coatings
KW  - TRANSMITTANCE (Physics)
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - GADOLINIUM
KW  - Gd2Zr2O7
KW  - Optical absorption
KW  - Optical reflectivity
KW  - Plasma spraying
KW  - Thermal barrier coating
N1  - Accession Number: 90205689; Wang, Li 1 Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 2 Guo, S.M. 1; Email Address: sguo2@lsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 69 Issue 9, p674; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Subject Term: PLASMA sprayed coatings; Subject Term: TRANSMITTANCE (Physics); Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: GADOLINIUM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gd2Zr2O7; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical reflectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma spraying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coating; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.07.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
T1  - Naphthalene dimer and naphthalene dimer with Ar: calibration calculations and the effect of Ar on the stability and vibrational frequencies.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 132
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - The harmonic vibrational frequencies of naphthalene and its dimers are computed using density functional theory including an empirical correction for dispersion. The C-H out-of-plane bending modes in the naphthalene dimers show a red or a blue shift depending on the relative orientation of the two naphthalene molecules. The addition of Ar atoms does not significantly affect the vibrational frequencies, but changes the energy separation between the two dimer conformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAPHTHALENE
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - DIMERS
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - ARGON
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - DFT
KW  - Dispersion
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Naphthalene dimer
N1  - Accession Number: 91258057; Bauschlicher, Charles 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Ricca, Alessandra 2; Email Address: Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Entry Systems and Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: Carl Sagan Center SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave. Mountain View 94043 USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 132 Issue 11, p1; Subject Term: NAPHTHALENE; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: DIMERS; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: ARGON; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dispersion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Naphthalene dimer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-013-1395-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Delgado, Luis
AU  - Prats, Xavier
AU  - Sridhar, Banavar
T1  - Cruise speed reduction for ground delay programs: A case study for San Francisco International Airport arrivals.
JO  - Transportation Research: Part C
JF  - Transportation Research: Part C
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 83
EP  - 96
SN  - 0968090X
AB  - Highlights: [•] We suggest splitting assigned GDP delays between ground and airborne delay. [•] Airborne delay is achieved by reducing cruise speed without extra fuel consumption. [•] If GDP is cancelled early, significant delay is recovered without extra-fuel. [•] GDPs at San Francisco have been analysed and classified with K-means clustering. [•] Realistic fast-time simulations with accurate performance data have been done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part C is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN travel
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - K-means clustering
KW  - CASE studies
KW  - Airborne delay
KW  - Delay recovery
KW  - Fuel consumption
KW  - Ground delay program
KW  - Speed reduction
KW  - SAN Francisco International Airport (Calif.)
N1  - Accession Number: 91865500; Delgado, Luis 1; Email Address: luis.delgado@upc.edu Prats, Xavier 2 Sridhar, Banavar 3; Affiliation:  1: Castelldefels Telecommunication and Aeronautical Engineering School (EETAC), Office C3-120, UPC, Av. Esteve Terradas, 5, Castelldefels 08860, Catalonia, Spain  2: Castelldefels Telecommunications and Aeronautical Engineering School (EETAC), Office C3-104, UPC, Av. Esteve Terradas, 5, Castelldefels 08860, Catalonia, Spain  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 36, p83; Subject Term: OCEAN travel; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: K-means clustering; Subject Term: CASE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne delay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delay recovery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel consumption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground delay program; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed reduction; Company/Entity: SAN Francisco International Airport (Calif.); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trc.2013.07.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Churchill, Andrew M.
AU  - Lovell, David J.
AU  - Mukherjee, Avijit
AU  - Ball, Michael O.
T1  - Determining the Number of Airport Arrival Slots.
JO  - Transportation Science
JF  - Transportation Science
Y1  - 2013/11//
VL  - 47
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 526
EP  - 541
SN  - 00411655
AB  - At many congested airports, access rights are governed by a system of slot controls. A slot conveys to its owner the right to schedule an operation (flight arrival or departure). In this paper, stochastic optimization models are developed to determine the numbers of slots to make available over the course of a day, controlling for the long-term uncertainty induced in arrival or departure capacities because of weather conditions. Three related integer programming formulations for this problem are presented, which vary both in their computational properties and the economic trade-offs modeled. The models are compared both analytically and computationally. Experiments using data from New York's LaGaurdia Airport are reported to demonstrate the impact of these models on optimizing slot profiles while considering long-term capacity uncertainty and several policy objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Science is the property of INFORMS: Institute for Operations Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRLINE industry -- Timetables -- Research
KW  - AIRPORT slot allocation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - INTEGER programming
KW  - air traffic management
KW  - airport slots
KW  - integer programming
KW  - stochastic programming
KW  - LA Guardia Airport (New York, N.Y.)
N1  - Accession Number: 99552034; Churchill, Andrew M. 1; Email Address: achurchill@mosaicatm.com Lovell, David J. 2; Email Address: lovell@umd.edu Mukherjee, Avijit 3; Email Address: avijit@ucsc.edu Ball, Michael O. 4; Email Address: mball@rhsmith.umd.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mosaic ATM, Inc., Leesburg, Virginia 20175  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742  3: University of California Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Robert H. Smith School of Business and Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 47 Issue 4, p526; Subject Term: AIRLINE industry -- Timetables -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPORT slot allocation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: INTEGER programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: air traffic management; Author-Supplied Keyword: airport slots; Author-Supplied Keyword: integer programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: stochastic programming; Company/Entity: LA Guardia Airport (New York, N.Y.); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1287/trsc.1120.0438
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Head-Gordon, Martin
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Relative energies, structures, vibrational frequencies, and electronic spectra of pyrylium cation, an oxygen-containing carbocyclic ring isoelectronic with benzene, and its isomers.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2013/11/07/
VL  - 139
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 174302
EP  - 174302-9
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We have studied relative energies, structures, rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectra of the pyrylium cation, an oxygen-containing six-membered carbocyclic ring, and its six isomers, using ab initio quantum chemical methods. Isoelectronic with benzene, the pyrylium cation has a benzenoid structure and is the global minimum on the singlet potential energy surface of C5H5O+. The second lowest energy isomer, the furfuryl cation, has a five membered backbone akin to a sugar, and is only 16 kcal mol-1 above the global minimum computed using coupled cluster theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triple excitations (CCSD(T)) with the correlation consistent cc-pVTZ basis set. Other isomers are 25, 26, 37, 60, and 65 kcal mol-1 above the global minimum, respectively, at the same level of theory. Lower level methods such as density functional theory (B3LYP) and second order Mo\ller-Plesset perturbation theory performed well when tested against the CCSD(T) results. The pyrylium and furfuryl cations, although separated by only 16 kcal mol-1, are not easily interconverted, as multiple bonds must be broken and formed, and the existence of more than one transition state is likely. Additionally, we have also investigated the asymptotes for the barrierless ion-molecule association of molecules known to exist in the interstellar medium that may lead to formation of the pyrylium cation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYRYLIUM compounds
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - FURFURYL alcohol
KW  - COUPLED-cluster theory
KW  - ISOELECTRONIC sequences
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - SINGLET state (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 91860344; Bera, Partha P. 1 Head-Gordon, Martin 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3; Affiliation:  1: MS 245-6 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035,  2: Department of Chemistry, University of California, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720,  3: MS 245-1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035,; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 139 Issue 17, p174302; Subject Term: PYRYLIUM compounds; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: FURFURYL alcohol; Subject Term: COUPLED-cluster theory; Subject Term: ISOELECTRONIC sequences; Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: SINGLET state (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 6 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4826138
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Qi, Tingting
AU  - Reed, Evan J.
AU  - Lenfant, Antonin
AU  - Lawson, John W.
AU  - Desai, Tapan G.
T1  - Comparisonof ReaxFF, DFTB, and DFT for Phenolic Pyrolysis. 2. Elementary ReactionPaths.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2013/11/07/
VL  - 117
IS  - 44
M3  - Article
SP  - 11126
EP  - 11135
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Reaction paths for the loss of CO,H2, and H2O from atomistic models of phenolicresin are determined using the hybrid B3LYP approach. B3LYP energeticsare confirmed using CCSD(T). The energetics along the B3LYP pathsare also evaluated using the PW91 generalized gradient approximation(GGA), the more approximate self-consistent charge density functionaltight binding (SCC-DFTB), and the reactive force field (ReaxFF). Comparedwith the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level for bond and reaction energies andbarrier heights, the B3LYP, PW91, DFTB(mio), DFTB(pbc), and ReaxFFhave average absolute errors of 3.8, 5.1, 17.4, 13.2, and 19.6 kcal/mol,respectively. The PW91 is only slightly less accurate than the B3LYPapproach, while the more approximate approaches yield somewhat largererrors. The SCC-DFTB paths are in better agreement with B3LYP thanare those obtained with ReaxFF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - PHENOL
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - CARBON monoxide
N1  - Accession Number: 108558788; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1 Qi, Tingting 1 Reed, Evan J. 1 Lenfant, Antonin 1 Lawson, John W. 1 Desai, Tapan G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MoffettField, California 94035, United States; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 117 Issue 44, p11126; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: PHENOL; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Qi, Tingting
AU  - Reed, Evan J.
AU  - Lenfant, Antonin
AU  - Lawson, John W.
AU  - Desai, Tapan G.
T1  - Comparisonof ReaxFF, DFTB, and DFT for Phenolic Pyrolysis. 2. Elementary ReactionPaths.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2013/11/07/
VL  - 117
IS  - 44
M3  - Article
SP  - 11126
EP  - 11135
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Reaction paths for the loss of CO,H2, and H2O from atomistic models of phenolicresin are determined using the hybrid B3LYP approach. B3LYP energeticsare confirmed using CCSD(T). The energetics along the B3LYP pathsare also evaluated using the PW91 generalized gradient approximation(GGA), the more approximate self-consistent charge density functionaltight binding (SCC-DFTB), and the reactive force field (ReaxFF). Comparedwith the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level for bond and reaction energies andbarrier heights, the B3LYP, PW91, DFTB(mio), DFTB(pbc), and ReaxFFhave average absolute errors of 3.8, 5.1, 17.4, 13.2, and 19.6 kcal/mol,respectively. The PW91 is only slightly less accurate than the B3LYPapproach, while the more approximate approaches yield somewhat largererrors. The SCC-DFTB paths are in better agreement with B3LYP thanare those obtained with ReaxFF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELEMENTARY reactions (Chemical reactions)
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
N1  - Accession Number: 108558819; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1 Qi, Tingting 1 Reed, Evan J. 1 Lenfant, Antonin 1 Lawson, John W. 1 Desai, Tapan G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 230-3, Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MoffettField, California 94035, United States; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 117 Issue 44, p11126; Subject Term: ELEMENTARY reactions (Chemical reactions); Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Best, William M. J.
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Magnier, Eugene A.
AU  - Aller, Kimberly M.
AU  - Deacon, Niall R.
AU  - Dupuy, Trent J.
AU  - Redstone, Joshua
AU  - Burgett, W. S.
AU  - Chambers, K. C.
AU  - Hodapp, K. W.
AU  - Kaiser, N.
AU  - Kudritzki, R.-P.
AU  - Morgan, J. S.
AU  - Price, P. A.
AU  - Tonry, J. L.
AU  - Wainscoat, R. J.
T1  - A SEARCH FOR L/T TRANSITION DWARFS WITH Pan-STARRS1 AND WISE: DISCOVERY OF SEVEN NEARBY OBJECTS INCLUDING TWO CANDIDATE SPECTROSCOPIC VARIABLES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/11/10/
VL  - 777
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 84
EP  - 96
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present initial results from a wide-field (30,000 deg2) search for L/T transition brown dwarfs within 25 pc using the Pan-STARRS1 and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) surveys. Previous large-area searches have been incomplete for L/T transition dwarfs, because these objects are faint in optical bands and have near-infrared (near-IR) colors that are difficult to distinguish from background stars. To overcome these obstacles, we have cross-matched the Pan-STARRS1 (optical) and WISE (mid-IR) catalogs to produce a unique multi-wavelength database for finding ultracool dwarfs. As part of our initial discoveries, we have identified seven brown dwarfs in the L/T transition within 9-15 pc of the Sun. The L9.5 dwarf PSO J140.2308+45.6487 and the T1.5 dwarf PSO J307.6784+07.8263 (both independently discovered by Mace et al.) show possible spectroscopic variability at the Y and J bands. Two more objects in our sample show evidence of photometric J-band variability, and two others are candidate unresolved binaries based on their spectra. We expect our full search to yield a well-defined, volume-limited sample of L/T transition dwarfs that will include many new targets for study of this complex regime. PSO J307.6784+07.8263 in particular may be an excellent candidate for in-depth study of variability, given its brightness (J = 14.2 mag) and proximity (11 pc). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - MICROWAVE reflectometry
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - GALAXIES
N1  - Accession Number: 94288803; Best, William M. J. 1; Email Address: wbest@ifa.hawaii.edu Liu, Michael C. 1,2 Magnier, Eugene A. 1 Aller, Kimberly M. 1,2 Deacon, Niall R. 3 Dupuy, Trent J. 4 Redstone, Joshua 5 Burgett, W. S. 1 Chambers, K. C. 1 Hodapp, K. W. 1 Kaiser, N. 1 Kudritzki, R.-P. 1 Morgan, J. S. 1 Price, P. A. 6 Tonry, J. L. 1 Wainscoat, R. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: Facebook, 335 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10017-4677, USA  6: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2013, Vol. 777 Issue 2, p84; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: MICROWAVE reflectometry; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/84
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mirocha, Jordan
AU  - Harker, Geraint J. A.
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
T1  - INTERPRETING THE GLOBAL 21 cm SIGNAL FROM HIGH REDSHIFTS. I. MODEL-INDEPENDENT CONSTRAINTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/11/10/
VL  - 777
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 118
EP  - 127
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The sky-averaged (global) 21 cm signal is a powerful probe of the intergalactic medium (IGM) prior to the completion of reionization. However, so far it has been unclear whether it will provide more than crude estimates of when the universe's first stars and black holes formed, even in the best case scenario in which the signal is accurately extracted from the foregrounds. In contrast to previous work, which has focused on predicting the 21 cm signatures of the first luminous objects, we investigate an arbitrary realization of the signal and attempt to translate its features to the physical properties of the IGM. Within a simplified global framework, the 21 cm signal yields quantitative constraints on the Lyα background intensity, net heat deposition, ionized fraction, and their time derivatives without invoking models for the astrophysical sources themselves. The 21 cm absorption signal is most easily interpreted, setting strong limits on the heating rate density of the universe with a measurement of its redshift alone, independent of the ionization history or details of the Lyα background evolution. In a companion paper, we extend these results, focusing on the confidence with which one can infer source emissivities from IGM properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - GALAXIES
N1  - Accession Number: 94288739; Mirocha, Jordan 1,2; Email Address: jordan.mirocha@colorado.edu Harker, Geraint J. A. 1,2 Burns, Jack O. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Campus Box 389, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: The NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2013, Vol. 777 Issue 2, p118; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/118
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pajola, M.
AU  - Lazzarin, M.
AU  - Ore, C. M. Dalle
AU  - Cruikshank, D. P.
AU  - Roush, T. L.
AU  - Magrin, S.
AU  - Bertini, I.
AU  - Forgia, F. La
AU  - Barbieri, C.
T1  - PHOBOS AS A D-TYPE CAPTURED ASTEROID, SPECTRAL MODELING FROM 0.25 TO 4.0 μm.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/11/10/
VL  - 777
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 132
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - This paper describes the spectral modeling of the surface of Phobos in the wavelength range between 0.25 and 4.0 μm. We use complementary data to cover this spectral range: the OSIRIS (Optical, Spectroscopic, and Infrared Remote Imaging System on board the ESA Rosetta spacecraft) reflectance spectrum that Pajola et al. merged with the VSK-KRFM-ISM (Videospectrometric Camera (VSK)-Combined Radiometer and Photometer for Mars (KRFM)-Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (ISM) on board the USSR Phobos 2 spacecraft) spectra by Murchie & Erard and the IRTF (NASA Infrared Telescope Facility, Hawaii, USA) spectra published by Rivkin et al. The OSIRIS data allow the characterization of an area of Phobos covering from 86.°8 N to 90° S in latitude and from 126° W to 286° W in longitude. This corresponds chiefly to the trailing hemisphere, but with a small sampling of the leading hemisphere as well. We compared the OSIRIS results with the Trojan D-type asteroid 624 Hektor and show that the overall slope and curvature of the two bodies over the common wavelength range are very similar. This favors Phobos being a captured D-type asteroid as previously suggested. We modeled the OSIRIS data using two models, the first one with a composition that includes organic carbonaceous material, serpentine, olivine, and basalt glass, and the second one consisting of Tagish Lake meteorite and magnesium-rich pyroxene glass. The results of these models were extended to longer wavelengths to compare the VSK-KRFM-ISM and IRTF data. The overall shape of the second model spectrum between 0.25 and 4.0 μm shows curvature and an albedo level that match both the OSIRIS and Murchie & Erard data and the Rivkin et al. data much better than the first model. The large interval fit is encouraging and adds weight to this model, making it our most promising fit for Phobos. Since Tagish Lake is commonly used as a spectral analog for D-type asteroids, this provides additional support for compositional similarities between Phobos and D-type asteroids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - PHOBOS (Satellite)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WAVELENGTH measurement
KW  - NATURAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 94288749; Pajola, M. 1,2; Email Address: maurizio.pajola@studenti.unipd.it, maurizio.pajola@gmail.com, Maurizio.Pajola@jpl.nasa.gov Lazzarin, M. 3 Ore, C. M. Dalle 4,5 Cruikshank, D. P. 5 Roush, T. L. 5 Magrin, S. 1 Bertini, I. 1 Forgia, F. La 3 Barbieri, C. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Center of Studies and Activities for Space, CISAS, “G. Colombo,” University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy  2: Currently (2012-2013) Visiting Scientist at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL-CALTECH, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy  4: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2013, Vol. 777 Issue 2, p127; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: PHOBOS (Satellite); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WAVELENGTH measurement; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/777/2/127
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Freedman, Richard S.
AU  - Tashkun, Sergey A.
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Semi-empirical 12C16O2 IR line lists for simulations up to 1500K and 20,000cm−1.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/11/15/
VL  - 130
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 146
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: New semi-empirical Infrared (IR) line lists for 12C16O2, Ames-296K and Ames-1000K, have been computed using a newly updated ab initio CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVQZ dipole moment surface (denoted DMS-N2) and an empirically refined potential energy surface (Ames-1). J=0–150 rovibrational levels are computed up to 30,000cm−1, and related transitions are cut off at 1E−42cmmolecule−1 (296K) and 1E−36cmmolecule−1 (1000K). These are the first line lists available to cover reliably the energy region as high as ~20,000cm−1. Recent experimental data at 1.1μm has confirmed the predicted intensities for the 50013-00001 and 50014-00001 band transitions have better than 90% agreement. Comparisons are made against the Wattson 750K line list and HITEMP/HITRAN at 300K, 500K, 725K, 1000K, 1500K, 2000K and 3000K. The temperature dependence and accuracy of the new Ames-296K/1000K line lists are investigated and we claim both line lists are capable of providing reliable opacities up to 18,000–23,000cm−1, while the highest applicable wavenumber range drops as T rises. We suggest caution is used for T>1000K simulations. Comparison to recent experiments at 1000K, 1550K and 1773K shows that the Ames-1000K line list and HITEMP perform similarly in the 3200–3800cm−1 and 4600–5200cm−1 ranges. In the 2000–2100cm−1 range, Ames-1000K yields better agreement relative to experiment. Existing problems and possible future solutions in the new Ames-296K/1000K line lists for line positions and intensities are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SPECTRAL lines
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - WAVENUMBER
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - 12C16O2
KW  - High energy
KW  - High temperature
KW  - Infrared line list
KW  - Theoretical spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 90640468; Huang, Xinchuan 1; Email Address: xinchuan.huang-1@nasa.gov Freedman, Richard S. 1; Email Address: Richard.S.Freedman@nasa.gov Tashkun, Sergey A. 2; Email Address: Tashkun@rambler.ru Schwenke, David W. 3; Email Address: David.W.Schwenke@nasa.gov Lee, Timothy J. 4; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, SB RAS, 1, Academician Zuev square, Tomsk 634021, Russia  3: MS T27B-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  4: MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 130, p134; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SPECTRAL lines; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: WAVENUMBER; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: 12C16O2; Author-Supplied Keyword: High energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared line list; Author-Supplied Keyword: Theoretical spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.05.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, F.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
T1  - Precipitates in a near-equiatomic (Ni+Pt)-rich TiNiPt alloy.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2013/11/15/
VL  - 69
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 713
EP  - 715
SN  - 13596462
AB  - Age-treating a 49.5Ti–29.5Ni–21Pt (at.%) high-temperature shape memory alloy introduces precipitates. At 500°C, the PL phase is stable up to 1000h. At 600°C, a transformation from the PL phase to Ti2(Ni,Pt)3 was observed. The Ti2(Ni,Pt)3 phase was shown to be the final stable precipitate phase in this alloy. Employing high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, a model for the unit cell of the Ti2(Ni,Pt)3 phase was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - SCANNING transmission electron microscopy
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - Crystal structure
KW  - High-angle annular dark field
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 90313752; Yang, F. 1; Email Address: yang.1052@osu.edu Noebe, R.D. 2 Mills, M.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: The Ohio State University, 2041 College Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 69 Issue 10, p713; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: SCANNING transmission electron microscopy; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-angle annular dark field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.08.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90313752&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramanathan, Anand
AU  - Mao, Jianping
AU  - Allan, Graham R.
AU  - Riris, Haris
AU  - Weaver, Clark J.
AU  - Hasselbrack, William E.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Abshire, James B.
T1  - Spectroscopic measurements of a CO2 absorption line in an open vertical path using an airborne lidar.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/11/18/
VL  - 103
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 214102
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We used an airborne pulsed integrated path differential absorption lidar to make spectroscopic measurements of the pressure-induced line broadening and line center shift of atmospheric carbon dioxide at the 1572.335 nm absorption line. We scanned the lidar wavelength over 13 GHz (110 pm) and measured the absorption lineshape at 30 discrete wavelengths in the vertical column between the aircraft and ground. A comparison of our measured absorption lineshape to calculations based on HIgh-resolution TRANsmission molecular absorption database shows excellent agreement with the peak optical depth accurate to within 0.3%. Additionally, we measure changes in the line center position to within 5.2 MHz of calculations and the absorption linewidth to within 0.6% of calculations. These measurements highlight the high precision of our technique, which can be applied to suitable absorption lines of any atmospheric gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - AIRBORNE lasers
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 92554803; Ramanathan, Anand 1 Mao, Jianping 1 Allan, Graham R. 2 Riris, Haris 3 Weaver, Clark J. 1 Hasselbrack, William E. 2 Browell, Edward V. 4 Abshire, James B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland College Park, Maryland 20740,  2: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, Maryland 20706,  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771,  4: STARSS-II Affiliate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 11/18/2013, Vol. 103 Issue 21, p214102; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: AIRBORNE lasers; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4832616
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D'Angelo, Gennaro
AU  - Bodenheimer, Peter
T1  - THREE-DIMENSIONAL RADIATION-HYDRODYNAMICS CALCULATIONS OF THE ENVELOPES OF YOUNG PLANETS EMBEDDED IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/11/20/
VL  - 778
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 105
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We perform global three-dimensional (3D) radiation-hydrodynamics calculations of the envelopes surrounding young planetary cores of 5, 10, and 15 Earth masses, located in a protoplanetary disk at 5 and 10 AU from a solar-mass star. We apply a nested-grid technique to resolve the thermodynamics of the disk at the orbital-radius length scale and that of the envelope at the core-radius length scale. The gas is modeled as a solar mixture of molecular and atomic hydrogen, helium, and their ions. The equation of state accounts for both gas and radiation, and gas energy includes contributions from rotational and vibrational states of molecular hydrogen and from ionization of atomic species. Dust opacities are computed from first principles, applying the full Mie theory. One-dimensional (1D) calculations of planet formation are used to supplement the 3D calculations by providing energy deposition rates in the envelope due to solids accretion. We compare 1D and 3D envelopes and find that masses and gas accretion rates agree within factors of 2, and so do envelope temperatures. The trajectories of passive tracers are used to define the size of 3D envelopes, resulting in radii much smaller than the Hill radius and smaller than the Bondi radius. The moments of inertia and angular momentum of the envelopes are determined and the rotation rates are derived from the rigid-body approximation, resulting in slow bulk rotation. We find that the polar flattening is ≲ 0.05. The dynamics of the accretion flow are examined by tracking the motion of tracers that move into the envelope. The anisotropy of this flow is characterized in terms of both its origin and impact site at the envelope surface. Gas merges with the envelope preferentially at mid- to high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACCRETION disks
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - MIE scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 94288936; D'Angelo, Gennaro 1,2,3; Email Address: gennaro.dangelo@nasa.gov Bodenheimer, Peter 4; Email Address: peter@ucolick.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Visiting Research Scientist, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.  4: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: 11/20/2013, Vol. 778 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: ACCRETION disks; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: MIE scattering; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/77
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Ji
AU  - Fischer, Debra A.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Boyajian, Tabetha S.
AU  - Crepp, Justin R.
AU  - Schwamb, Megan E.
AU  - Lintott, Chris
AU  - Jek, Kian J.
AU  - Smith, Arfon M.
AU  - Parrish, Michael
AU  - Schawinski, Kevin
AU  - Schmitt, Joseph R.
AU  - Giguere, Matthew J.
AU  - Brewer, John M.
AU  - Lynn, Stuart
AU  - Simpson, Robert
AU  - Hoekstra, Abe J.
AU  - Jacobs, Thomas Lee
AU  - LaCourse, Daryll
AU  - Schwengeler, Hans Martin
T1  - ERRATUM: “PLANET HUNTERS. V. A CONFIRMED JUPITER-SIZE PLANET IN THE HABITABLE ZONE AND 42 PLANET CANDIDATES FROM THE KEPLER ARCHIVE DATA” (2013, ApJ, 776, 10).
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/11/20/
VL  - 778
IS  - 1
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 84
EP  - 88
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A correction to the article "Planet Hunters. V. A Confirmed Jupiter-Size Planet in the Habitable Zone and 42 Planet Candidates From the Kepler Archive Data" that was published in the 2013 issue is presented.
KW  - HABITABLE zone (Outer space)
KW  - HABITABLE planets
N1  - Accession Number: 94288945; Wang, Ji 1; Email Address: ji.wang@yale.edu Fischer, Debra A. 1 Barclay, Thomas 2,3 Boyajian, Tabetha S. 1 Crepp, Justin R. 4 Schwamb, Megan E. 5,6 Lintott, Chris 7,8 Jek, Kian J. 9 Smith, Arfon M. 8 Parrish, Michael 8 Schawinski, Kevin 10 Schmitt, Joseph R. 1 Giguere, Matthew J. 1 Brewer, John M. 1 Lynn, Stuart 8 Simpson, Robert 7 Hoekstra, Abe J. 9 Jacobs, Thomas Lee 9 LaCourse, Daryll 9 Schwengeler, Hans Martin 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  5: Department of Physics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  6: Yale Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208121, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  7: Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  8: Adler Planetarium, 1300 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA  9: Planet Hunters  10: Institute for Astronomy, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 16, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Source Info: 11/20/2013, Vol. 778 Issue 1, p84; Subject Term: HABITABLE zone (Outer space); Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/778/1/84
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Acar, E.
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Tobe, H.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Characterization of the shape memory properties of a Ni45.3Ti39.7Hf10Pd5 alloy.
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2013/11/25/
VL  - 578
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 302
SN  - 09258388
AB  - Highlights: [•] Ni45.3Ti39.7Hf10Pd5 alloys have transformation strain of up to 4.6% and work output of up to 29Jcm−3. [•] The alloy showed good superelastic behavior at 90°C with recoverable strain of 4.3%. [•] The alloy exhibited 1.6% two-way shape memory strain after a simple training procedure. [•] The formation of 〈011〉 type II twins in martensite plates results in large transformation strain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - High strength SMAs
KW  - High work output
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - NiTiHfPd alloys
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - TWSME
N1  - Accession Number: 90008798; Acar, E. 1 Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Tobe, H. 1 Noebe, R.D. 2 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Siberian Physical-Technical Institute at Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 578, p297; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: High strength SMAs; Author-Supplied Keyword: High work output; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHfPd alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: TWSME; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popova, Olga P.
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav
AU  - Kartashova, Anna
AU  - Biryukov, Eugeny
AU  - Khaibrakhmanov, Sergey
AU  - Shuvalov, Valery
AU  - Rybnov, Yurij
AU  - Dudorov, Alexandr
AU  - Grokhovsky, Victor I.
AU  - Badyukov, Dmitry D.
AU  - Qing-Zhu Yin
AU  - Gural, Peter S.
AU  - Albers, Jim
AU  - Granvik, Mikael
AU  - Evers, Läslo G.
AU  - Kuiper, Jacob
AU  - Kharlamov, Vladimir
AU  - Solovyov, Andrey
AU  - Rusakov, Yuri S.
T1  - Chelyabinsk Airburst, Damage Assessment, Meteorite Recovery, and Characterization.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2013/11/29/
VL  - 342
IS  - 6162
M3  - Article
SP  - 1069
EP  - 1073
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The asteroid impact near the Russian city of Chelyabinsk on 15 February 2013 was the largest airburst on Earth since the 1908 Tunguska event, causing a natural disaster in an area with a population exceeding one million. Because it occurred in an era with modern consumer electronics, field sensors, and laboratory techniques, unprecedented measurements were made of the impact event and the meteoroid that caused it. Here, we document the account of what happened, as understood now, using comprehensive data obtained from astronomy, planetary science, geophysics, meteorology, meteoritics, and cosmochemistry and from social science surveys. A good understanding of the Chelyabinsk incident provides an opportunity to calibrate the event, with implications for the study of near-Earth objects and developing hazard mitigation strategies for planetary protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHELYABINSK meteorite
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - NATURAL disasters
KW  - TUNGUSKA meteorite
KW  - CHELYABINSK (Russia)
KW  - RUSSIA
N1  - Accession Number: 92711957; Popova, Olga P. 1 Jenniskens, Peter 2,3; Email Address: petrus.m.jenniskens@nasa.gov Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav 4 Kartashova, Anna 4 Biryukov, Eugeny 5 Khaibrakhmanov, Sergey 6 Shuvalov, Valery 1 Rybnov, Yurij 1 Dudorov, Alexandr 6 Grokhovsky, Victor I. 7 Badyukov, Dmitry D. 8 Qing-Zhu Yin 9 Gural, Peter S. 2 Albers, Jim 2 Granvik, Mikael 10 Evers, Läslo G. 11,12 Kuiper, Jacob 11 Kharlamov, Vladimir 1 Solovyov, Andrey 13 Rusakov, Yuri S. 14; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 38, Building 1, Moscow, 119334, Russia  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mail Stop 245-1, CA 94035, USA  4: Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pyatnitskaya 48, Moscow, 119017, Russia  5: Department of Theoretical Mechanics, South Ural State University, Lenin Avenue 76, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russia  6: Chelyabinsk State University, Bratyev Kashirinyh Street 129, Chelyabinsk, 454001, Russia  7: Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, Yekaterinburg, 620002, Russia  8: Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the RAS, Kosygina Street 19, Moscow, 119991, Russia  9: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA  10: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.  11: Koninklijk Nederlands Meteorologisch Instituut, P.O. Box 201, 3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands  12: Department of Geoscience and Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, Netherlands  13: Tomsk State University Lenina Prospect 36, Tomsk, 634050, Russia  14: Research and Production Association "Typhoon," Floor 2, 7 Engels Street, Obninsk, 249032, Russia; Source Info: 11/29/2013, Vol. 342 Issue 6162, p1069; Subject Term: CHELYABINSK meteorite; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: NATURAL disasters; Subject Term: TUNGUSKA meteorite; Subject Term: CHELYABINSK (Russia); Subject Term: RUSSIA; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1242642
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
T1  - Singlet excited states of anions with higher main group elements.
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2013/11/30/
VL  - 111
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 3265
EP  - 3275
SN  - 00268976
AB  - Previous studies have shown that dipole-bound excited states exist for certain small anions. However, valence excited states have been reported for some closed-shell anions, but those with singlet valence excited states have, thus far, contained a single silicon atom. This work uses high-level coupled cluster theory previously shown to reproduce excited state energies to better than 0.1 eV compared with experiment in order to examine the electronic excited state properties of anions containing silicon and other higher main group atoms as well as their first row analogues. Of the 14 anions involved in this study, 9 possess bound excited states of some kind: CH2SN−, C3H−, CCSiH−, CCSH−, CCNH−2, CCPH−2, BH3PH−2, AlH3NH−2and AlH3PH−2. Two possess clear valence states: CCSiH−and its first row analogue C3H−. Substantial mixing appears to be present in the valence and dipole-bound characters for the first excited state wavefunctions of many of the systems reporting excited states, but the mixing is most pronounced with the ammonia borane-like AlH3NH−2, and AlH3PH−2anions. Inclusion of second row atoms in anions whose corresponding radical is strongly dipolar increases the likelihood for the existence of excited states of any kind, but among the systems considered to date with this methodology, only the nature of group 14 atoms in small, closed-shell anions has yet been shown to allow valence singlet excited states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXCITED states
KW  - SINGLET state (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - ANIONS
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - SILICON
KW  - BOUNDS (Mathematics)
KW  - anions
KW  - coupled cluster theory
KW  - dipole-bound states
KW  - electronically excited states
KW  - valence excited states
N1  - Accession Number: 91699010; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Nov2013, Vol. 111 Issue 21, p3265; Subject Term: EXCITED states; Subject Term: SINGLET state (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: ANIONS; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: BOUNDS (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: anions; Author-Supplied Keyword: coupled cluster theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: dipole-bound states; Author-Supplied Keyword: electronically excited states; Author-Supplied Keyword: valence excited states; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268976.2013.780105
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HAMILL, DORIS
T1  - DISTANT SKYLINE: A Vision for What's Beyond ISS.
JO  - Ad Astra
JF  - Ad Astra
Y1  - 2013///Winter2013
VL  - 25
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 15
SN  - 1041102X
AB  - The article focuses on the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) vision of using space in business ventures following the success of the International Space Station (ISS) which proved the manageability of engineering- and operations-driven challenges. It mentions PISCES, or Permanent In-Space Center for Expandable Services, as a center which could improve space systems' reliability. It also describes PISCES' vision as open-ended due to uncertainties the future holds.
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 92771181; HAMILL, DORIS 1; Affiliation:  1: Business development manager, NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Winter2013, Vol. 25 Issue 4, p11; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 1602
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yueping Guo
AU  - Brusniak, Leon
AU  - Czech, Michael
AU  - Thomas, Russell H.
T1  - Hybrid Wing-Body Aircraft Slat Noise.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 51
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2935
EP  - 2945
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper presents an analysis of the slat noise for hybrid wing-body aircraft. It is shown that the hybrid wing-body slat noise is characterized by its broad spectral shapes with frequencies depending on both the mean flow velocity and the aircraft angle of attack, with the former following the conventional Strouhal number scaling and the latter explainable by the dependence of the coherence length of the unsteady flows on the angle of attack. Although the overall noise levels approximately follow the fifth power law in Mach number, the Mach number effects manifest themselves spectrally in both amplitudes and spectral shapes. The noise amplitude is shown to also depend on the angle of attack, assuming a minimum in the range of 3 to 5 deg. These features are all modeled and incorporated in slat noise-prediction methodologies, extending the prediction capability from conventional to hybrid wing-body configurations. Comparisons between predictions and data show very good agreements in both various parametric trends and the absolute levels. The hybrid wing-body aircraft is designed to operate at angles of attack higher than those of conventional aircraft. This is shown to significantly increase the hybrid wing-body slat noise. To further illustrate, the test data are extrapolated to full scale and compared with the slat noise of the Boeing 777 aircraft, showing that the former is higher than the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - FLOW velocity -- Mathematical models
KW  - MACH number
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - BOEING 777 (Jet transport)
N1  - Accession Number: 93360529; Yueping Guo 1 Brusniak, Leon 2 Czech, Michael 2 Thomas, Russell H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Research and Technology, Huntington Beach, California 92647  2: Boeing Commercial Airplane, Everett, Washington 98124  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 51 Issue 12, p2935; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: FLOW velocity -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: BOEING 777 (Jet transport); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/I.J052540
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zacny, K.
AU  - Paulsen, G.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
AU  - Glass, B.
AU  - Davé, A.
AU  - Davila, A.F.
AU  - Marinova, M.
AU  - Mellerowicz, B.
AU  - Heldmann, J.
AU  - Stoker, C.
AU  - Cabrol, N.
AU  - Hedlund, M.
AU  - Craft, J.
T1  - Reaching 1 m Deep on Mars: The Icebreaker Drill.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 13
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1166
EP  - 1198
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The future exploration of Mars will require access to the subsurface, along with acquisition of samples for scientific analysis and ground-truthing of water ice and mineral reserves for in situ resource utilization. The Icebreaker drill is an integral part of the Icebreaker mission concept to search for life in ice-rich regions on Mars. Since the mission targets Mars Special Regions as defined by the Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), the drill has to meet the appropriate cleanliness standards as requested by NASA's Planetary Protection Office. In addition, the Icebreaker mission carries life-detection instruments; and in turn, the drill and sample delivery system have to meet stringent contamination requirements to prevent false positives. This paper reports on the development and testing of the Icebreaker drill, a 1 m class rotary-percussive drill and triple redundant sample delivery system. The drill acquires subsurface samples in short, approximately 10 cm bites, which makes the sampling system robust and prevents thawing and phase changes in the target materials. Autonomous drilling, sample acquisition, and sample transfer have been successfully demonstrated in Mars analog environments in the Arctic and the Antarctic Dry Valleys, as well as in a Mars environmental chamber. In all environments, the drill has been shown to perform at the '1-1-100-100' level; that is, it drilled to 1 m depth in approximately 1 hour with less than 100 N weight on bit and approximately 100 W of power. The drilled substrate varied and included pure ice, ice-rich regolith with and without rocks and with and without 2% perchlorate, and whole rocks. The drill is currently at a Technology Readiness Level (TRL) of 5. The next-generation Icebreaker drill weighs 10 kg, which is representative of the flightlike model at TRL 5/6. Key Words: Drilling-Sampling-Mars-Mars drilling-Subsurface exploration-Ice-Search for life. Astrobiology 13, 1166-1198. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - BOREHOLE gravimetry
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Planetary Protection Subcommittee
KW  - COSPAR (Organization)
N1  - Accession Number: 92983126; Zacny, K. Paulsen, G. 1 McKay, C.P. 2 Glass, B. 2 Davé, A. 2 Davila, A.F. 2 Marinova, M. 3 Mellerowicz, B. 1 Heldmann, J. 2 Stoker, C. 2 Cabrol, N. 4 Hedlund, M. 1 Craft, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Honeybee Robotics, Pasadena, California.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  3: Space Exploration Technologies Corporation, Hawthorne, California.  4: SETI Institute-Carl Sagan Center Mountain View, California, and NASA Ames Space Science Division, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 13 Issue 12, p1166; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: BOREHOLE gravimetry; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. Planetary Protection Subcommittee; Company/Entity: COSPAR (Organization); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.1038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92983126&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vogt, N.
AU  - Chené, A.-N.
AU  - Moffat, A.F.J.
AU  - Matthews, J.M.
AU  - Kuschnig, R.
AU  - Guenther, D.B.
AU  - Rowe, J.F.
AU  - Rucinski, S.M.
AU  - Sasselov, D.
AU  - Weiss, W.W.
T1  - A photometric study of the nova-like variable TT Arietis with the MOST satellite.
JO  - Astronomische Nachrichten
JF  - Astronomische Nachrichten
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 334
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1101
EP  - 1106
SN  - 00046337
AB  - Variability on all time scales between seconds and decades is typical for cataclysmic variables (CVs). One of the brightest and best studied CVs is TT Ari, a nova-like variable which belongs to the VY Scl subclass, characterized by occasional low states in their light curves. It is also known as a permanent superhumper at high state, revealing 'positive' ( PS > P0) as well as 'negative' ( PS < P0) superhumps, where PS is the period of the superhump and P0 the orbital period. TT Ari was observed by the Canadian space telescope MOST for about 230 hours nearly continuously in 2007, with a time resolution of 48 seconds. Here we analyze these data, obtaining a dominant 'negative' superhump signal with a period PS = 0.1331 days and a mean amplitude of 0.09 mag. Strong flickering with amplitudes up to 0.2 mag and peak-to-peak time scales of 15-20 minutes is superimposed on the periodic variations. We found no indications for significant quasi-periodic oscillations with periods around 15 minutes, reported by other authors. We discuss the known superhump behaviour of TTAri during the last five decades and conclude that our period value is at the upper limit of all hitherto determined 'negative' superhump periods of TTAri, before and after the MOST run. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomische Nachrichten is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - accretion, accretion disks
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: activity
KW  - stars: individual (TTAri)
N1  - Accession Number: 92693245; Vogt, N. 1 Chené, A.-N. 1,2,3 Moffat, A.F.J. 4 Matthews, J.M. 5 Kuschnig, R. 6 Guenther, D.B. 7 Rowe, J.F. 8 Rucinski, S.M. 9 Sasselov, D. 10 Weiss, W.W. 6; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaíso, Chile  2: Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Chile  3: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  4: Département de physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7 & Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec, Canada  5: Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Univ. of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Rd., Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada  6: Institut für Astronomie, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  7: Dept. of Astronomy & Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophsics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 102138, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 334 Issue 10, p1101; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (TTAri); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/asna.201311949
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92693245&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hung, Chao-Ling
AU  - Sanders, D. B.
AU  - Casey, C. M.
AU  - Lee, N.
AU  - Barnes, J. E.
AU  - Capak, P.
AU  - Kartaltepe, J. S.
AU  - Koss, M.
AU  - Larson, K. L.
AU  - Floc'h, E. Le
AU  - Lockhart, K.
AU  - Man, A. W. S.
AU  - Mann, A. W.
AU  - Riguccini, L.
AU  - Scoville, N.
AU  - Symeonidis, M.
T1  - THE ROLE OF GALAXY INTERACTION IN THE SFR-M * RELATION: CHARACTERIZING MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF Herschel-SELECTED GALAXIES AT 0.2 < z < 1.5.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/12//12/1/2013
VL  - 778
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 141
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Galaxy interactions/mergers have been shown to dominate the population of IR-luminous galaxies (LIR ≳ 1011.6L☼) in the local universe (z ≲ 0.25). Recent studies based on the relation between galaxies' star formation rates and stellar mass (the SFR-M* relation or the “galaxy main sequence”) have suggested that galaxy interaction/mergers may only become significant when galaxies fall well above the galaxy main sequence. Since the typical SFR at a given M* increases with redshift, the existence of the galaxy main sequence implies that massive, IR-luminous galaxies at high z may not necessarily be driven by galaxy interactions. We examine the role of galaxy interactions in the SFR-M* relation by carrying out a morphological analysis of 2084 Herschel-selected galaxies at 0.2 < z < 1.5 in the COSMOS field. Using a detailed visual classification scheme, we show that the fraction of “disk galaxies” decreases and the fraction of “irregular” galaxies increases systematically with increasing LIR out to z ≲ 1.5 and z ≲ 1.0, respectively. At LIR >1011.5L☼, ≳ 50% of the objects show evident features of strongly interacting/merger systems, where this percentage is similar to the studies of local IR-luminous galaxies. The fraction of interacting/merger systems also systematically increases with the deviation from the SFR-M* relation, supporting the view that galaxies falling above the main sequence are more dominated by mergers than the main-sequence galaxies. Meanwhile, we find that ≳ 18% of massive IR-luminous “main-sequence galaxies” are classified as interacting systems, where this population may not evolve through the evolutionary track predicted by a simple gas exhaustion model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - RED shift
KW  - COSMOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 94289274; Hung, Chao-Ling 1; Email Address: clhung@ifa.hawaii.edu Sanders, D. B. 1 Casey, C. M. 1 Lee, N. 1 Barnes, J. E. 1 Capak, P. 2 Kartaltepe, J. S. 3 Koss, M. 1 Larson, K. L. 1 Floc'h, E. Le 4 Lockhart, K. 1 Man, A. W. S. 1,5 Mann, A. W. 1 Riguccini, L. 6,7 Scoville, N. 8 Symeonidis, M. 9,10; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Spitzer Science Center, MS 314-6, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  4: UMR AIM (CEA-UP7-CNRS), CEA-Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, bât. 709, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  5: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  7: BAER Institute, Santa Rosa, CA, USA  8: California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: University of Sussex, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Pevensey 2 Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, Sussex, UK  10: University College London, Department of Space & Climate, Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking RH5 6NT, Surrey, UK; Source Info: 12/1/2013, Vol. 778 Issue 2, p129; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: RED shift; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/129
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94289274&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Nicholas
AU  - Sanders, D. B.
AU  - Casey, Caitlin M.
AU  - Scoville, N. Z.
AU  - Hung, Chao-Ling
AU  - Floc'h, Emeric Le
AU  - Ilbert, Olivier
AU  - Aussel, Hervé
AU  - Capak, Peter
AU  - Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S.
AU  - Roseboom, Isaac
AU  - Salvato, Mara
AU  - Aravena, M.
AU  - Berta, S.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Oliver, S. J.
AU  - Riguccini, L.
AU  - Symeonidis, M.
T1  - MULTI-WAVELENGTH SEDs OF HERSCHEL-SELECTED GALAXIES IN THE COSMOS FIELD.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/12//12/1/2013
VL  - 778
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 140
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We combine Herschel Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer and Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver maps of the full 2 deg2 Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS) field with existing multi-wavelength data to obtain template and model-independent optical-to-far-infrared spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for 4218 Herschel-selected sources with log(LIR/L☼) = 9.4-13.6 and z = 0.02-3.54. Median SEDs are created by binning the optical to far-infrared (FIR) bands available in COSMOS as a function of infrared luminosity. Herschel probes rest-frame wavelengths where the bulk of the infrared radiation is emitted, allowing us to more accurately determine fundamental dust properties of our sample of infrared luminous galaxies. We find that the SED peak wavelength (λpeak) decreases and the dust mass (Mdust) increases with increasing total infrared luminosity (LIR). In the lowest infrared luminosity galaxies (log(LIR/L☼) = 10.0-11.5), we see evidence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) features (λ ∼ 7-9 μm), while in the highest infrared luminosity galaxies (LIR > 1012L☼) we see an increasing contribution of hot dust and/or power-law emission, consistent with the presence of heating from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We study the relationship between stellar mass and star formation rate of our sample of infrared luminous galaxies and find no evidence that Herschel-selected galaxies follow the SFR/M* “main sequence” as previously determined from studies of optically selected, star-forming galaxies. Finally, we compare the mid-infrared to FIR properties of our infrared luminous galaxies using the previously defined diagnostic, IR8 ≡ LIR/L8, and find that galaxies with LIR ≳ 1011.3L☼ tend to systematically lie above (× 3-5) the IR8 “infrared main sequence,” suggesting either suppressed PAH emission or an increasing contribution from AGN heating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTODETECTORS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - COSMIC rays
N1  - Accession Number: 94289276; Lee, Nicholas 1 Sanders, D. B. 1 Casey, Caitlin M. 1 Scoville, N. Z. 2 Hung, Chao-Ling 1 Floc'h, Emeric Le 3 Ilbert, Olivier 4 Aussel, Hervé 3 Capak, Peter 2,5 Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. 6 Roseboom, Isaac 7 Salvato, Mara 8,9 Aravena, M. 10,11 Berta, S. 12 Bock, J. 2,13 Oliver, S. J. 7 Riguccini, L. 14,15 Symeonidis, M. 16,17; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: California Institute of Technology, MS 105-24, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: UMR AIM (CEA-UP7-CNRS), CEA-Saclay, Orme des Merisiers, Bât. 709, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  4: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France  5: Spitzer Science Center, 314-6 Caltech, 1201 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  7: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  8: Max-Planck for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany  9: Cluster of Excellence, Boltzmann Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany  10: European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura Santiago, Chile  11: Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército 441, Santiago, Chile  12: Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Postfach 1312, D-85741 Garching, Germany  13: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  14: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  15: BAER Institute, Santa Rosa, CA, USA  16: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Pevensey 2 Building, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, Sussex, UK  17: Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK; Source Info: 12/1/2013, Vol. 778 Issue 2, p131; Subject Term: PHOTODETECTORS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/131
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94289276&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pereira, T. M. D.
AU  - Leenaarts, J.
AU  - Pontieu, B. De
AU  - Carlsson, M.
AU  - Uitenbroek, H.
T1  - THE FORMATION OF IRIS DIAGNOSTICS. III. NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET SPECTRA AND IMAGES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/12//12/1/2013
VL  - 778
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 159
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Mg II h&k lines are the prime chromospheric diagnostics of NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). In the previous papers of this series, we used a realistic three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamics model to calculate the h&k lines in detail and investigated how their spectral features relate to the underlying atmosphere. In this work, we employ the same approach to investigate how the h&k diagnostics fare when taking into account the finite resolution of IRIS and different noise levels. In addition, we investigate the diagnostic potential of several other photospheric lines and near-continuum regions present in the near-ultraviolet (NUV) window of IRIS and study the formation of the NUV slit-jaw images. We find that the instrumental resolution of IRIS has a small effect on the quality of the h&k diagnostics; the relations between the spectral features and atmospheric properties are mostly unchanged. The peak separation is the most affected diagnostic, but mainly due to limitations of the simulation. The effects of noise start to be noticeable at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 20, but we show that with noise filtering one can obtain reliable diagnostics at least down to a S/N of 5. The many photospheric lines present in the NUV window provide velocity information for at least eight distinct photospheric heights. Using line-free regions in the h&k far wings, we derive good estimates of photospheric temperature for at least three heights. Both of these diagnostics, in particular the latter, can be obtained even at S/Ns as low as 5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLAR photosphere
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio -- Research
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 94289289; Pereira, T. M. D. 1,2,3; Email Address: tiago.pereira@astro.uio.no Leenaarts, J. 1; Email Address: jorritl@astro.uio.no Pontieu, B. De 1,3; Email Address: bdp@lmsal.com Carlsson, M. 1; Email Address: mats.carlsson@astro.uio.no Uitenbroek, H. 4; Email Address: huitenbroek@nso.edu; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover Street, Org. A021S, Bldg. 252, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  4: NSO/Sacramento Peak, P.O. Box 62 Sunspot, NM 88349-0062, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2013, Vol. 778 Issue 2, p143; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLAR photosphere; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio -- Research; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/143
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94289289&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Inostroza, Natalia
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - ROVIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPIC CONSTANTS AND FUNDAMENTAL VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES FOR ISOTOPOLOGUES OF CYCLIC AND BENT SINGLET HC2N ISOMERS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/12//12/1/2013
VL  - 778
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 160
EP  - 166
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Through established, highly accurate ab initio quartic force fields, a complete set of fundamental vibrational frequencies, rotational constants, and rovibrational coupling and centrifugal distortion constants have been determined for both the cyclic 1 1A′ and bent 2 1A′ DCCN, H13CCN, HC13CN, and HCC15N isotopologues of HCCN. Spectroscopic constants are computed for all isotopologues using second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2), and the fundamental vibrational frequencies are computed with VPT2 and vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) theory. Agreement between VPT2 and VCI results is quite good, with the fundamental vibrational frequencies of the bent isomer isotopologues in accord to within a 0.1-3.2 cm–1 range. Similar accuracies are present for the cyclic isomer isotopologues. The data generated here serve as a reference for astronomical observations of these closed-shell, highly dipolar molecules using new, high-resolution telescopes and as reference for laboratory studies where isotopic labeling may lead to elucidation of the formation mechanism for the known interstellar molecule: X3A′ HCCN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR force constants
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL jets
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 94289308; Inostroza, Natalia 1 Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1,2 Huang, Xinchuan 3 Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Current address: Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA.  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2013, Vol. 778 Issue 2, p160; Subject Term: MOLECULAR force constants; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL jets; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/160
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94289308&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raymond, John C.
AU  - Ghavamian, Parviz
AU  - Williams, Brian J.
AU  - Blair, William P.
AU  - Borkowski, Kazimierz J.
AU  - Gaetz, Terrance J.
AU  - Sankrit, Ravi
T1  - GRAIN DESTRUCTION IN A SUPERNOVA REMNANT SHOCK WAVE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/12//12/1/2013
VL  - 778
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 169
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Dust grains are sputtered away in the hot gas behind shock fronts in supernova remnants (SNRs), gradually enriching the gas phase with refractory elements. We have measured emission in C IV λ1550 from C atoms sputtered from dust in the gas behind a non-radiative shock wave in the northern Cygnus Loop. Overall, the intensity observed behind the shock agrees approximately with predictions from model calculations that match the Spitzer 24 μm and the X-ray intensity profiles. Thus, these observations confirm the overall picture of dust destruction in SNR shocks and the sputtering rates used in models. However, there is a discrepancy in that the C IV intensity 10″ behind the shock is too high compared with the intensities at the shock and 25″ behind it. Variations in the density, hydrogen neutral fraction, and the dust properties over parsec scales in the pre-shock medium limit our ability to test dust destruction models in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - SPUTTERING (Physics)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - HYDROGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 94289309; Raymond, John C. 1; Email Address: jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu Ghavamian, Parviz 2 Williams, Brian J. 3 Blair, William P. 4 Borkowski, Kazimierz J. 5 Gaetz, Terrance J. 1 Sankrit, Ravi 6; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  5: Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA  6: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2013, Vol. 778 Issue 2, p161; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: SPUTTERING (Physics); Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/778/2/161
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94289309&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baker, Kirk R.
AU  - Misenis, Chris
AU  - Obland, Michael D.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Scarino, Amy J.
AU  - Kelly, James T.
T1  - Evaluation of surface and upper air fine scale WRF meteorological modeling of the May and June 2010 CalNex period in California.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 80
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 309
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Prognostic meteorological models such as Mesoscale Model (MM5) and Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) are often used to supply inputs for retrospective air quality modeling done to support ozone and PM2.5 emission control demonstrations. In this study, multiple configurations of the WRF model are applied at 4 km grid resolution and compared to routine meteorological measurements and special study measurements taken in California during May–June 2010. One configuration is routinely used by US EPA to generate meteorological inputs for regulatory air quality modeling and another that is used by research scientists for evaluating meteorology and air quality. Mixing layer heights estimated from airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measurements of aerosol backscatter are compared with WRF modeled planetary boundary layer (PBL) height estimates. Both WRF configurations generally capture the variability in HSRL mixing height between days, hour-to-hour, and between surface features such as terrain and land–water interfaces. Fractional bias over all flights and both model configurations range from −38% to 32% and fractional error ranges from 22% to 58%. Surface and upper level measurements of temperature, water mixing ratio, and winds are generally well characterized by both WRF model configurations, often more closely matching surface observations than the input analysis data (12-NAM). The WRF model generally captures orographic and mesoscale meteorological features in the central Valley (bifurcation of wind flow from the San Francisco bay into the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys) and Los Angeles air basin (ocean-land flows) during this summer period. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - California
KW  - CalNex
KW  - HSRL
KW  - San Joaquin
KW  - South Coast
KW  - WRF
N1  - Accession Number: 90637516; Baker, Kirk R. 1; Email Address: baker.kirk@epa.gov Misenis, Chris 1 Obland, Michael D. 2 Ferrare, Richard A. 2 Scarino, Amy J. 2,3 Kelly, James T. 1; Affiliation:  1: United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 80, p299; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: CalNex; Author-Supplied Keyword: HSRL; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin; Author-Supplied Keyword: South Coast; Author-Supplied Keyword: WRF; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90637516&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
AU  - Klooster, Steven
AU  - Genovese, Vanessa
T1  - Alaska ecosystem carbon fluxes estimated from MODIS satellite data inputs from 2000 to 2010.
JO  - Carbon Balance & Management
JF  - Carbon Balance & Management
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 17500680
AB  - Background Trends in Alaska ecosystem carbon fluxes were predicted from inputs of monthly MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation index time-series combined with the NASA-CASA (Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach) carbon cycle simulation model over the past decade. CASA simulates monthly net ecosystem production (NEP) as the difference in carbon fluxes between net primary production (NPP) and soil microbial respiration (Rh). Results Model results showed that NEP on a unit area basis was estimated to be highest (> +10 g C m-2 yr-1) on average over the period 2000 to 2010 within the Major Land Resource Areas (MRLAs) of the Interior Brooks Range Mountains, the Arctic Foothills, and the Western Brooks Range Mountains. The lowest (as negative land C source fluxes) mean NEP fluxes were predicted for the MLRAs of the Cook Inlet Lowlands, the Ahklun Mountains, and Bristol Bay-Northern Alaska Peninsula Lowlands. High levels of interannual variation in NEP were predicted for most MLRAs of Alaska. Conclusions The relatively warm and wet years of 2004 and 2007 resulted in the highest positive NEP flux totals across MLRAs in the northern and western coastal locations in the state (i.e., the Brooks Range Mountains and Arctic Foothills). The relatively cold and dry years of 2001 and 2006 were predicted with the lowest (negative) NEP flux totals for these MLRAs, and likewise across the Ahklun Mountains and the Yukon-Kuskokwim Highlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon Balance & Management is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY metabolism
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - ECOSYSTEMS
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - Alaska
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - MODIS EVI
KW  - Net carbon flux
N1  - Accession Number: 92894593; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov Klooster, Steven 1,2; Email Address: steven.klooster@nasa.gov Genovese, Vanessa 1,2; Email Address: vanessa.genovese-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, USA; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ENERGY metabolism; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEMS; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Alaska; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS EVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net carbon flux; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1750-0680-8-12
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92894593&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iurlaro, L.
AU  - Gherlone, M.
AU  - Di Sciuva, M.
AU  - Tessler, A.
T1  - Assessment of the Refined Zigzag Theory for bending, vibration, and buckling of sandwich plates: a comparative study of different theories.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 106
M3  - Article
SP  - 777
EP  - 792
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: The Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) belongs to the zigzag class of approximations for the analysis of laminated composite and sandwich structures. This paper presents the derivation of the non-linear equations of motion and consistent boundary conditions of RZT for multilayered plates. Subsequently, the equations are specialized to the linear boundary value problem of bending and the linear eigenvalue problems of free vibrations and buckling. In order to assess the accuracy of RZT, results concerning the static response, the free vibration frequencies and modal shapes, and the buckling loads of symmetric and un-symmetric sandwich plates, both simply supported and clamped and subjected to several loading conditions, are compared to the three-dimensional exact elasticity solution, high-fidelity FEM solutions, classical and zigzag theories, and accurate layer-wise models or solutions obtained in the open literature by means of other methods. The numerical investigation shows that RZT is highly accurate in predicting the static response, the natural frequencies and the buckling loads of sandwich plates without requiring any shear correction factors. In virtue of its accuracy and of the C 0-continuity requirement for shape functions, RZT can be adopted to derive reliable and computationally efficient finite elements suited for large-scale analyses of sandwich structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BENDING (Metalwork)
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Free vibration
KW  - Refined Zigzag Theory
KW  - Sandwich plate
KW  - Shear correction factor
N1  - Accession Number: 90105742; Iurlaro, L. 1; Email Address: luigi.iurlaro@polito.it Gherlone, M. 1; Email Address: marco.gherlone@polito.it Di Sciuva, M. 1; Email Address: marco.disciuva@polito.it Tessler, A. 2; Email Address: alexander.tessler-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681 – 2199, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 106, p777; Subject Term: BENDING (Metalwork); Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Free vibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refined Zigzag Theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich plate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear correction factor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.07.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90105742&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barut, A.
AU  - Madenci, E.
AU  - Tessler, A.
T1  - C0-continuous triangular plate element for laminated composite and sandwich plates using the {2,2} – Refined Zigzag Theory.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 106
M3  - Article
SP  - 835
EP  - 853
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: Most of the existing plate elements assume constant transverse displacement across the thickness resulting in zero transverse stretch deformation. This study presents a new triangular finite element for modeling thick laminates and sandwich panels based on the {2,2}-order refined zigzag plate theory. It adopts quadratic through-thickness variation of the in-plane and transverse displacement components. The transverse normal strain is calculated based on the assumption of cubic representation of the transverse normal stress. The zigzag functions are piecewise linear through the thickness. The element consists of 3 corner nodes and 3 mid-side nodes along the edges. Each corner and mid-side node has 11 and 3 degrees of freedom (DOF), respectively. This C0 continuous element is free of geometric locking, and does not require shear correction factors. It provides robust and accurate prediction of all six stress components (in-plane and transverse normal and shear stresses) in the analysis of highly heterogeneous laminates and sandwich plates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - TRANSVERSE reinforcements
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Finite element
KW  - Sandwich construction
KW  - Single-layer theory
KW  - Zigzag functions
N1  - Accession Number: 90105747; Barut, A. 1; Email Address: atila@email.arizona.edu Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu Tessler, A. 2; Email Address: Alexander.Tessler-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23665, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 106, p835; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: TRANSVERSE reinforcements; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-layer theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zigzag functions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.07.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90105747&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pathak, M.G.
AU  - Patel, V.C.
AU  - Ghiaasiaan, S.M.
AU  - Mulcahey, T.I.
AU  - Helvensteijn, B.P.
AU  - Kashani, A.
AU  - Feller, J.R.
T1  - Hydrodynamic parameters for ErPr cryocooler regenerator fillers under steady and periodic flow conditions.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 58
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 77
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Highlights: [•] Oscillatory and steady flow experiments were conducted on ErPr regenerator material. [•] The corresponding permeability and inertial coefficients were found using CFD. [•] The resulting Darcy permeability and Forchheimer inertial coefficients are reported. [•] Correlations were developed for both steady and periodic flow. [•] The periodic flow inertial coefficients are different than that of steady flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ESTROGEN receptors
KW  - REGENERATORS
KW  - COOLING
KW  - FILLERS (Materials)
KW  - STEADY-state flow
KW  - CHEMISTRY experiments
KW  - CFD
KW  - Darcy permeability
KW  - ErPr rare earth
KW  - Forchheimer coefficient
KW  - Hydrodynamics
KW  - Oscillatory flow
KW  - Periodic flow
KW  - Porous media
KW  - Regenerators
KW  - Steady flow
N1  - Accession Number: 92654545; Pathak, M.G. 1; Email Address: mihir@gatech.edu Patel, V.C. 1 Ghiaasiaan, S.M. 1 Mulcahey, T.I. 1 Helvensteijn, B.P. 2 Kashani, A. 2 Feller, J.R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Tech Cryo Lab, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  2: Atlas Scientific, San Jose, CA 95120, USA  3: Cryogenics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 58, p68; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ESTROGEN receptors; Subject Term: REGENERATORS; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: FILLERS (Materials); Subject Term: STEADY-state flow; Subject Term: CHEMISTRY experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Darcy permeability; Author-Supplied Keyword: ErPr rare earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forchheimer coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oscillatory flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Periodic flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous media; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regenerators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Steady flow; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hambleton, K.
AU  - Degroote, P.
AU  - Conroy, K.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Kurtz, D.
AU  - Thompson, S. E.
AU  - Fuller, J.
AU  - Giammarco, J.
AU  - Pablo, H.
AU  - Prša, A.
T1  - PHYSICS OF ECLIPSING BINARIES: HEARTBEAT STARS AND TIDALLY INDUCED PULSATIONS.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 64
M3  - Article
SP  - 285
EP  - 294
SN  - 16334760
AB  - Heartbeat stars are a relatively new class of eccentric ellipsoidal variable first discovered by Kepler. An overview of the current field is given with details of some of the interesting objects identified in our current Kepler sample of 135 heartbeats stars. Three objects that have recently been or are undergoing detailed study are described along with suggestions for further avenues of research. We conclude by discussing why heartbeat stars are an interesting new tool to study tidally induced pulsations and orbital dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97202729; Hambleton, K. 1,2 Degroote, P. 3 Conroy, K. 4 Bloemen, S. 3 Kurtz, D. 2 Thompson, S. E. 5 Fuller, J. 6 Giammarco, J. 7 Pablo, H. 8 Prša, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA 19085, USA  2: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK  3: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 1807, Nashville TN 37235, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: California Institute of Technology, TAPIR 350-17, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125-0001, USA  7: Department of Astronomy and Physics, Eastern University, Saint Davids, PA 19087, USA  8: Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 64, p285; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1364039
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97202729&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Borkovits, T.
AU  - Fuller, J.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Lehmann, H.
T1  - HD 181068: A TRIPLY ECLIPSING SYSTEM WITH INTRINSICALLY VARIABLE RED GIANT COMPONENT.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 64
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
EP  - 350
SN  - 16334760
AB  - We present the analysis of HD 181068 which is one of the first triply eclipsing triple system discovered. Using Kepler photometry, ground based spectroscopic and interferometric measurements, we determined the stellar and orbital parameters of the system. We show that the oscillations observed in the red giant component of the system are tidally forced oscillations, while one of the most surprising results is that it does not show solar-like oscillations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - GIANT stars
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97202738; Derekas, A. 1 Borkovits, T. 1,2,3 Fuller, J. 4 Huber, D. 5 Lehmann, H. 6; Affiliation:  1: Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege M. ut 15-17, Hungary  2: Baja Astronomical Observatory, 6500 Baja, Szegedi út, Kt. 766, Hungary  3: ELTE Gothard-Lendiüet Research Group, 9700 Szombathely, Szent Imre herceg ut 112, Hungary  4: Center for Space Research, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany; Source Info: 2013, Vol. 64, p343; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: GIANT stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1364048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harrivel, Angela R.
AU  - Weissman, Daniel H.
AU  - Noll, Douglas C.
AU  - Peltier, Scott J.
T1  - Monitoring attentional state with fNIRS.
JO  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
JF  - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 16625161
AB  - The ability to distinguish between high and low levels of task engagement in the real world is important for detecting and preventing performance decrements during safety-critical operational tasks. We therefore investigated whether functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), a portable brain neuroimaging technique, can be used to distinguish between high and low levels of task engagement during the performance of a selective attention task. A group of participants performed the multi-source interference task (MSIT) while we recorded brain activity with fNIRS from two brain regions. One was a key region of the "task-positive" network, which is associated with relatively high levels of task engagement. The second was a key region of the "task-negative" network, which is associated with relatively low levels of task engagement (e.g., resting and not performing a task). Using activity in these regions as inputs to a multivariate pattern classifier, we were able to predict above chance levels whether participants were engaged in performing the MSIT or resting. We were also able to replicate prior findings from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indicating that activity in task-positive and task-negative regions is negatively correlated during task performance. Finally, data from a companion fMRI study verified our assumptions about the sources of brain activity in the fNIRS experiment and established an upper bound on classification accuracy in our task. Together, our findings suggest that fNIRS could prove quite useful for monitoring cognitive state in real-world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Frontiers in Human Neuroscience is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - BRAIN imaging
KW  - FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - MAGNETIC resonance imaging
KW  - COGNITIVE ability
KW  - COGNITIVE development
KW  - attention
KW  - classification
KW  - default mode network
KW  - human performance
KW  - near infra-red spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 97753920; Harrivel, Angela R. 1,2; Email Address: angela.r.harrivel@nasa.gov Weissman, Daniel H. 3 Noll, Douglas C. 2 Peltier, Scott J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Bioscience and Technology Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: fMRI Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA  3: Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 7, p1; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: BRAIN imaging; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging; Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance imaging; Subject Term: COGNITIVE ability; Subject Term: COGNITIVE development; Author-Supplied Keyword: attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: default mode network; Author-Supplied Keyword: human performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: near infra-red spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3389/fnhum.2013.00861
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97753920&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru P.
T1  - Time-Accurate Aeroelastic Computations of a Full Helicopter Model using the Navier-Stokes Equations.
JO  - International Journal of Aerospace Innovations
JF  - International Journal of Aerospace Innovations
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 82
SN  - 17572258
AB  - A time-accurate procedure to model fluid/structure interactions of helicopter blades is presented. The Navier-Stokes equations in conjunction with the one-equation Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model are used to compute the flow. Structural dynamics is modeled using the modal equations. The aerodynamic and structural dynamic equations are coupled time-accurately using the linear acceleration method of Newmark (direct integration scheme). Effects of time accuracy on the computed results are investigated. Results are compared with experimental data for a full rotor blade system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aerospace Innovations is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Aeroelasticity
KW  - CFD
KW  - Rotorcraft
KW  - Time Integration
N1  - Accession Number: 94581082; Guruswamy, Guru P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 3/4, p73; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroelasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotorcraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time Integration; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1260/1757-2258.5.3-4.73
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94581082&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Konishi, Christopher
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Investigation of localized dryout versus CHF in saturated flow boiling.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 67
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 146
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: Determining flow boiling critical heat flux (CHF) using mechanistic models or empirical correlations requires careful validation with the aid of reliable databases. But, while many new databases are being made available in the literature, the methods used to detect CHF vary greatly, producing different CHF estimates for the same fluid and operating conditions. The variations in detection method are the result of both heated wall design and criteria used to terminate an experiment in response to wall temperature excursions. This study investigates the interfacial phenomena preceding the occurrence of CHF for flow boiling with a finite inlet vapor void. Experiments are conducted with FC-72 in a rectangular channel that is heated along one side. Temporal records of the heated wall temperatures are used to track the complex transient response of the heated wall, and identify differences between temperature excursions associated with momentary localized dryout and those with true CHF. It is shown that the flow enters the channel fully separated, with a liquid layer sheathing all four channel walls surrounding a central vapor core. At high heat fluxes, a wavy vapor layer begins to form beneath the liquid layer adjacent to the heated wall, and cooling is provided mostly through wetting fronts associated with the wave troughs in accordance with the Interfacial Lift-off Model. However, depending on mass velocity, inlet quality and flow orientation, conditions may arise that cause breakup of the heated wall liquid layer into ligaments that are entrained in the vapor core. This phenomenon causes localized dryout and wall temperature excursions at heat fluxes well below CHF, but the wall is able to recover from these excursions by a combination of reattachment of ligaments with the heated wall and lateral heat conduction within the wall itself. Recommendations are made concerning construction of the heated wall and CHF detection in pursuit of reliable CHF data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - EBULLITION
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - WETTING
KW  - VAPORIZATION
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Flow orientation
N1  - Accession Number: 90637090; Konishi, Christopher 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 67, p131; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: EBULLITION; Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: WETTING; Subject Term: VAPORIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow orientation; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.07.082
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90637090&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seidt, Jeremy D.
AU  - Michael Pereira, J.
AU  - Gilat, Amos
AU  - Revilock, Duane M.
AU  - Nandwana, Kapil
T1  - Ballistic impact of anisotropic 2024 aluminum sheet and plate.
JO  - International Journal of Impact Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Impact Engineering
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 62
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 34
SN  - 0734743X
AB  - Abstract: 2024 Aluminum sheet and plate are known to have anisotropic strength characteristics with regard to plasticity. However, numerical investigations of the impact behavior of sheet metals rarely consider anisotropic behavior. The effect of anisotropy in an impacted 2024 aluminum target is investigated experimentally and numerically. Normal impact experiments of titanium alloy and tool steel projectiles, with impact velocities ranging from 190 to 299 m/s, into 3.175 mm thick 2024-T3 sheet and 12.7 mm thick 2024-T351 plate are presented. Rear surface strains and displacements are measured using three-dimensional digital image correlation (DIC). Simulations of selected impact experiments, using a six-component anisotropic plasticity model for the target, are compared to the experimental data. Two model parameter sets are used. The first set accounts for initial anisotropic strength properties of the target, while the second reduces to an isotropic (von Mises) yield function. The objective of the numerical simulations is to study the difference in the results between the anisotropic and isotropic parameter sets. Results show that the yield function parameters used for simulations of both the 3.175 mm sheet and 12.7 mm plate have a significant effect on the calculated residual velocity of the projectile. The anisotropic parameter set simulations agree with experimental rear surface panel displacements and strains for both target thicknesses. There is experimental evidence of anisotropic deformation behavior only in the case of the 3.175 mm thick 2024-T3 target panels. The results demonstrate that the form of the yield function has a significant effect on the results of the impact simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Impact Engineering is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM sheets
KW  - ANISOTROPIC crystals
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - BALLISTICS
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - DIGITAL image correlation
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Plasticity
KW  - Plate
KW  - Sheet
N1  - Accession Number: 90010752; Seidt, Jeremy D. 1; Email Address: seidt.2@osu.edu Michael Pereira, J. 2 Gilat, Amos 1 Revilock, Duane M. 2 Nandwana, Kapil 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 62, p27; Subject Term: ALUMINUM sheets; Subject Term: ANISOTROPIC crystals; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: BALLISTICS; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: DIGITAL image correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sheet; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2013.06.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90010752&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Clausen, B.
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - Temperature dependent deformation of the B2 austenite phase of a NiTi shape memory alloy.
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 51
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 121
SN  - 07496419
AB  - Highlights: [•] Deformation of NiTi above Af consisted of SIM, retained martensite, slip, and twinning. [•] The martensite desist, Md temperature was determined to be between 310 and 320°C. [•] Hot stage TEM confirmed the presence of {114}B2 compound deformation twins in B2 NiTi. [•] <100> slip and the {114}B2 +{112}B2 deformation twinning active in B2 austenite. [•] A B2 deformation map was generated based on the results presented in this work. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - AUSTENITE
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on metals
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - Austenite deformation
KW  - Deformation map
KW  - Neutron diffraction
KW  - Shape memory alloy
KW  - Stress induced martensite
N1  - Accession Number: 90635927; Benafan, O. 1,2; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Noebe, R.D. 2 Padula, S.A. 2 Garg, A. 2,3 Clausen, B. 4 Vogel, S. 4 Vaidyanathan, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  4: Lujan Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 51, p103; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: AUSTENITE; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on metals; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Austenite deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deformation map; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress induced martensite; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijplas.2013.06.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90635927&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iskovitz, Ilana
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
AU  - Thomas, James D.
T1  - Impact of Weightlessness on Cardiac Shape and Left Ventricular Stress/Strain Distributions.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
JF  - Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 135
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 01480731
AB  - In this paper, a finite element model of the heart is developed to investigate the impact of different gravitational loadings of Earth, Mars, Moon, and microgravity on the cardiac shape and strain/stress distributions in the left ventricle. The finite element model is based on realistic 3D heart geometry, detailed fiber/sheet micro-architecture, and a validated orthotropic cardiac tissue model and constitutive relationship that capture the passive behavior of the heart at end-diastole. The model predicts the trend and magnitude of cardiac shape change at different gravitational levels with great fidelity in comparison to recent cardiac sphericity measurements performed during simulated reduced-gravity parabolic flight experiments. Moreover, the numerical predictions indicate that although the left ventricular strain distributions remain relatively unaltered across the gravitational fields and the strain extrema values occur at the same relative locations, their values change noticeably with decreasing gravity. As for the stress, however, both the magnitude and location of the extrema change with a decrease in the gravitational field. Consequently, tension regions of the heart on Earth can change into compression regions in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanical Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments -- Physiological effect
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HEART
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ORTHOTROPY (Mechanics)
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL field strength
KW  - MODELS
N1  - Accession Number: 93300243; Iskovitz, Ilana 1; Email Address: Ilana.lskovitz@nasa.gov Kassemi, Mohammad 2; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov Thomas, James D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Senior Scientist, National Center for Space Exploration Research (NCSER), NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Chief Scientist, National Center for Space Exploration Research (NCSER), NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue J1-5, Cleveland, OH 44195; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 135 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HEART; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ORTHOTROPY (Mechanics); Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL field strength; Subject Term: MODELS; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4025464
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93300243&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Ten years of land cover change on the California coast detected using landsat satellite image analysis: part 1—Marin and San Francisco counties.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 697
EP  - 707
SN  - 14000350
AB  - Landsat satellite imagery was analyzed to generate a detailed record of 10 years of vegetation disturbance and regrowth for Pacific coastal areas of Marin and San Francisco Counties. The Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) methodology, a transformation of Tasseled-Cap data space, was applied to detected changes in perennial coastal shrubland, woodland, and forest cover from 1999 to 2009. Results showed several principal points of interest, within which extensive contiguous areas of similar LEDAPS vegetation change (either disturbed or restored) were detected. Regrowth areas were delineated as burned forest areas in the Point Reyes National Seashore (PRNS) from the 1995 Vision Fire. LEDAPS-detected disturbance patterns on Inverness Ridge, PRNS in areas observed with dieback of tanoak and bay laurel trees was consistent with defoliation by sudden oak death ( Phytophthora ramorum). LEDAPS regrowth pixels were detected over much of the predominantly grassland/herbaceous cover of the Olema Valley ranchland near PRNS. Extensive restoration of perennial vegetation cover on Crissy Field, Baker Beach and Lobos Creek dunes in San Francisco was identified. Based on these examples, the LEDAPS methodology will be capable of fulfilling much of the need for continual, low-cost monitoring of emerging changes to coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAND cover
KW  - COASTS
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - PIXELS
KW  - DEFOLIATION
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - SAN Francisco (Calif.)
KW  - Coastal vegetation
KW  - Disturbance
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Regrowth
KW  - Restoration
N1  - Accession Number: 92563153; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p697; Subject Term: LAND cover; Subject Term: COASTS; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Subject Term: PIXELS; Subject Term: DEFOLIATION; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Subject Term: SAN Francisco (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regrowth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restoration; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-013-0255-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92563153&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Ten years of land cover change on the California coast detected using Landsat satellite image analysis: Part 2—San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 17
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 718
SN  - 14000350
AB  - Landsat satellite imagery was analyzed to generate a detailed record of 10 years of vegetation disturbance and regrowth for Pacific coastal areas of San Mateo and Santa Cruz Counties. The Landsat Ecosystem Disturbance Adaptive Processing System (LEDAPS) methodology, a transformation of Tasseled-Cap data space, was applied to detected changes in perennial coastal shrubland, woodland, and forest cover from 1999 to 2009. Results showed several principal points of interest, within which extensive contiguous areas of similar LEDAPS vegetation change (either disturbed or restored) were detected. Regrowth of evergreen shrub and tree cover was prevalent along the several long stretches of the coast highway (CA Route 1) between the cities of Half Moon Bay and Santa Cruz. A number of state parks areas showed measurable vegetation restoration as well. The most prominent loss of perennial coastal vegetation over decade was in the Pescadero Marsh area, where the continued presence of levees has historically reduced flood conveyance capacity into and through the marshlands. Based on these examples, the LEDAPS methodology was determined to be capable of fulfilling much of the need for continual, low-cost monitoring of emerging changes to coastal ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAND cover
KW  - COASTS
KW  - MARSHES
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - SANTA Cruz (Calif.)
KW  - Coastal vegetation
KW  - Disturbance
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Regrowth
KW  - Restoration
N1  - Accession Number: 92563156; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 17 Issue 4, p709; Subject Term: LAND cover; Subject Term: COASTS; Subject Term: MARSHES; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Subject Term: SANTA Cruz (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regrowth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Restoration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-013-0270-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92563156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shockey, D. A.
AU  - Piascik, R. S.
AU  - Jensen, B. J.
AU  - Hewes, L. S.
AU  - Sutter, J. K.
T1  - Textile Damage in Astronaut Gloves.
JO  - Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention
JF  - Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 13
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 748
EP  - 756
SN  - 15477029
AB  - The ability of protective gloves to resist cutting, tearing, puncture, abrasion, and unraveling is critical for many activities, but particularly for spacewalk activities. Since astronaut safety requires that pressure boundaries not be violated, damage observed in the outer layers of ten gloves after excursions about the International Space Station in 2006 was of great concern. An urgent effort was initiated to determine how and why the damage occurred and how to prevent it in the future. A team of scientists examined the failed fabric, yarns, and fibers of the damaged gloves with high-resolution microscopy and conducted laboratory experiments to produce glove damage under known load conditions. This article describes the damage observations and results of the laboratory tests, deduces how the damage occurred, and presents guidelines for designing gloves that are more damage resistant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Failure Analysis & Prevention is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEXTILES
KW  - GLOVES
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - HIGH resolution electron microscopy
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - Astronaut gloves
KW  - Micrometeorite crater
KW  - Textile damage
KW  - Vectran®
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 91857422; Shockey, D. A. 1; Email Address: donald.shockey@sri.com Piascik, R. S. 2 Jensen, B. J. 2 Hewes, L. S. 3 Sutter, J. K. 4; Affiliation:  1: SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave, Menlo Park, CA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: ILC Dover, Frederica, DE, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 13 Issue 6, p748; Subject Term: TEXTILES; Subject Term: GLOVES; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: HIGH resolution electron microscopy; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronaut gloves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micrometeorite crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Textile damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vectran®; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315990 Apparel Accessories and Other Apparel Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414110 Clothing and clothing accessories merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315210 Cut and Sew Apparel Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315190 Other Apparel Knitting Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414130 Piece goods, notions and other dry goods merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424310 Piece Goods, Notions, and Other Dry Goods Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11668-013-9742-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91857422&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KOEPKE, MARK E.
AU  - WALKER, J. J.
AU  - ZIMMERMAN, M. I.
AU  - FARRELL, W. M.
AU  - DEMIDOV, V. I.
T1  - Signature of gyro-phase drift.
JO  - Journal of Plasma Physics
JF  - Journal of Plasma Physics
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 79
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1099
EP  - 1105
SN  - 00223778
AB  - Gyro-phase drift is a guiding center drift that is directly dependent on the charging rate limit of dust grains. The effect of introducing a gyro-phase-dependence on the grain charge leads to two orthogonal components of guiding-center drift. One component, referred to here as grad-q drift, results from the time-varying, gyro-phase angle dependent, in-situ-equilibrium grain charge, assuming that the grain charging is instantaneous. For this component, the grain is assumed to be always in its in-situ-equilibrium charge state and this state gyro-synchronously varies with respect to the grain's average charge state. The other component, referred to here as the gyro-phase drift, arises from any non-instantaneous-charging-induced modification of the diamagnetic drift and points in the direction of -∇RLd (where RLd is the grain gyro-radius), i.e. the direction associated with increasing magnitude of in-situ-equilibrium charge state. For this component, the grain gyro-synchronously undercharges and overcharges with respect to its gyro-synchronously varying, in-situ-equilibrium charge state. These characteristics are illustrated with a single-particle code for predicting grain trajectory that demonstrates how gyro-phase drift magnitude and direction could be exploited, using an extended version of the presented model, as sensitive indicators of the charging time of dust grains because of the cumulative effect of the ever-changing charge state of a grain making repeated excursions in inhomogeneous plasma over many gyro-periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Plasma Physics is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUCLEAR charge
KW  - DUST
KW  - TIME-varying systems
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - INHOMOGENEOUS plasma
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 93571001; KOEPKE, MARK E. 1; Email Address: mark.koepke@mail.wvu.edu WALKER, J. J. 1 ZIMMERMAN, M. I. 2 FARRELL, W. M. 2 DEMIDOV, V. I. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA  3: University ITMO, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 79 Issue 6, p1099; Subject Term: NUCLEAR charge; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: TIME-varying systems; Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: INHOMOGENEOUS plasma; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0022377813001128
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93571001&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Videen, Gorden
AU  - Fu, Qiang
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Scattered-field FDTD and PSTD algorithms with CPML absorbing boundary conditions for light scattering by aerosols.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 131
M3  - Article
SP  - 166
EP  - 174
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: As fundamental parameters for polarized-radiative-transfer calculations, the single-scattering phase matrix of irregularly shaped aerosol particles must be accurately modeled. In this study, a scattered-field finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) model and a scattered-field pseudo-spectral time-domain (PSTD) model are developed for light scattering by arbitrarily shaped dielectric aerosols. The convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is used to truncate the computational domain. It is found that the PSTD method is generally more accurate than the FDTD in calculation of the single-scattering properties given similar spatial cell sizes. Since the PSTD can use a coarser grid for large particles, it can lower the memory requirement in the calculation. However, the Fourier transformations in the PSTD need significantly more CPU time than simple subtractions in the FDTD, and the fast Fourier transform requires a power of 2 elements in calculations, thus using the PSTD could not significantly reduce the CPU time required in the numerical modeling. Furthermore, because the scattered-field FDTD/PSTD equations include incident-wave source terms, the FDTD/PSTD model allows for the inclusion of an arbitrarily incident wave source, including a plane parallel wave or a Gaussian beam like those emitted by lasers usually used in laboratory particle characterizations, etc. The scattered-field FDTD and PSTD light-scattering models can be used to calculate single-scattering properties of arbitrarily shaped aerosol particles over broad size and wavelength ranges. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - Aerosol particle
KW  - Finite-difference time domain
KW  - Light scattering
KW  - Pseudo-spectral time-domain
N1  - Accession Number: 91742067; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: Wenbo.Sun-1@nasa.gov Videen, Gorden 2 Fu, Qiang 3 Hu, Yongxiang 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: United States Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 131, p166; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol particle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite-difference time domain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pseudo-spectral time-domain; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.07.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=91742067&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strawa, A.W.
AU  - Chatfield, R.B.
AU  - Legg, M.
AU  - Scarnato, B.
AU  - Esswein, R.
T1  - Improving retrievals of regional fine particulate matter concentrations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) multisatellite observations.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 63
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1434
EP  - 1446
SN  - 10962247
AB  - A combination of multiplatform satellite observations and statistical data analysis are used to improve the correlation between estimates of PM2.5(particulate mass with aerodynamic diameter less that 2.5 µm) retrieved from satellite observations and ground-level measured PM2.5. Accurate measurements of PM2.5can be used to assess the impact of air pollution levels on human health and the environment and to validate air pollution models. The area under study is California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) that has a history of poor particulate air quality. Attempts to use simple linear regressions to estimate PM2.5from satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) have not yielded good results. The period of study for this project was from October 2004 to July 2008 for six sites in the SJV. A simple linear regression between surface-measured PM2.5and satellite-observed AOD (from MODIS [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]) yields a correlation coefficient of about 0.17 in this region. The correlation coefficient between the measured PM2.5and that retrieved combining satellite observations in a generalized additive model (GAM) resulted in an improved correlation coefficient of 0.77. The model used combinations of MODIS AOD, OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) AOD, NO2concentration, and a seasonal variable as parameters. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the PM2.5retrieved using the GAM captures many of the PM2.5exceedances that were not seen in the simple linear regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 93632329; Strawa, A.W. 1; Email Address: Anthony.W.Strawa@nasa.gov Chatfield, R.B. 1 Legg, M. 2 Scarnato, B. 2 Esswein, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 63 Issue 12, p1434; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10962247.2013.822838
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Udom, Innocent
AU  - Ram, Manoj K.
AU  - Stefanakos, Elias K.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
AU  - Goswami, D. Yogi
T1  - One dimensional-ZnO nanostructures: Synthesis, properties and environmental applications.
JO  - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
JF  - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 16
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2070
EP  - 2083
SN  - 13698001
AB  - Abstract: One-dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures such as rods, wires, belts and tubes have attracted much attention due to their unique physical, chemical, optical, and electrochemical properties enabling remarkable performance in photonics, sensors, photocatalysis, optics and photovoltaic devices. This paper presents a review of recent research in 1D ZnO nanostructures with emphasis on ZnO-based nanowires (NWs or NRs) used as photocatalysts for the degradation of environmental pollutants, particularly textile and industrial dyes, under appropriate light irradiation. Compared to other ZnO nanostructures, the higher aspect ratio (large surface to volume ratio) of 1D ZnO NWs offers highly desirable photocatalytic applications that depend on surface reactions or other phenomena that occur at interface surfaces, and eliminate the cost and requirement for post treatment. In addition, a review of several syntheses, fabrication methods and characterization studies of several types of ZnO NWs is presented. Finally, the photocatalytic degradation of selected dyes is highlighted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - ZINC oxide
KW  - SYNTHESIS (Chemistry)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - PHOTOCATALYSIS
KW  - Dye
KW  - Nanorod
KW  - Nanostructures
KW  - Nanowire
KW  - Photocatalyst
KW  - Remediation
KW  - ZnO
N1  - Accession Number: 90512992; Udom, Innocent 1 Ram, Manoj K. 1; Email Address: mkram@usf.edu Stefanakos, Elias K. 1 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2 Goswami, D. Yogi 1; Affiliation:  1: Clean Energy Research Center, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Research and Technology Directorate, MS 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 16 Issue 6, p2070; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: ZINC oxide; Subject Term: SYNTHESIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PHOTOCATALYSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dye; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanorod; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photocatalyst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remediation; Author-Supplied Keyword: ZnO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212231 Lead Ore and Zinc Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mssp.2013.06.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90512992&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Posner, A.
AU  - Odstrĉil, D.
AU  - MacNeice, P.
AU  - Rastaetter, L.
AU  - Zeitlin, C.
AU  - Heber, B.
AU  - Elliott, H.
AU  - Frahm, R.A.
AU  - Hayes, J.J.E.
AU  - von Rosenvinge, T.T.
AU  - Christian, E.R.
AU  - Andrews, J.P.
AU  - Beaujean, R.
AU  - Böttcher, S.
AU  - Brinza, D.E.
AU  - Bullock, M.A.
AU  - Burmeister, S.
AU  - Cucinotta, F.A.
AU  - Ehresmann, B.
AU  - Epperly, M.
T1  - The Hohmann–Parker effect measured by the Mars Science Laboratory on the transfer from Earth to Mars: Consequences and opportunities.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 89
M3  - Article
SP  - 127
EP  - 139
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: We show that a spacecraft launched from Earth towards Mars following a Hohmann minimum energy transfer trajectory has a strong tendency to remain well-connected magnetically to Earth, in the early phase of the transfer, or to Mars in the late phase, via the Parker spiral magnetic field. On the return trip, the spacecraft would remain reasonably well-connected magnetically first to Mars and later to Earth. Moreover, good magnetic connectivity occurs on all Hohmann transfers between neighboring planets in the inner solar system out to Mars. We call this hitherto unnamed circumstance the Hohmann–Parker effect. We show consequences of the effect by means of simultaneous cosmic radiation proxy observations made near Earth, near Mars, and at the Mars Science Laboratory on the transfer from Earth to Mars in 2011/2012. We support the observations with simulations of the large-scale magnetic field of the inner heliosphere during this period and compare the results with our predictions. The implications of the Hohmann–Parker effect are discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - MAGNETISM
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Hohmann transit
KW  - Inner heliosphere
KW  - Magnetic connection
KW  - Parker field
KW  - Solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 92731442; Posner, A. 1; Email Address: arik.posner@nasa.gov Odstrĉil, D. 2,3; Email Address: dodstrcl@gmu.edu MacNeice, P. 2; Email Address: peter.j.macneice@nasa.gov Rastaetter, L. 2; Email Address: lutz.rastaetter@nasa.gov Zeitlin, C. 4; Email Address: zeitlin@boulder.swri.edu Heber, B. 5; Email Address: heber@physik.uni-kiel.de Elliott, H. 6; Email Address: helliott@swri.edu Frahm, R.A. 6; Email Address: rfrahm@swri.edu Hayes, J.J.E. 1; Email Address: jhayes@nasa.gov von Rosenvinge, T.T. 2; Email Address: tycho.t.vonrosenvinge@nasa.gov Christian, E.R. 2; Email Address: eric.r.christian@nasa.gov Andrews, J.P. 4; Email Address: andrews@boulder.swri.edu Beaujean, R. 5; Email Address: rudolf@rbeau.de Böttcher, S. 5; Email Address: boettcher@physik.uni-kiel.de Brinza, D.E. 7; Email Address: david.e.brinza@jpl.nasa.gov Bullock, M.A. 4; Email Address: bullock@boulder.swri.edu Burmeister, S. 5; Email Address: burmeister@physik.uni-kiel.de Cucinotta, F.A. 8; Email Address: francis.cucinotta@unlv.edu Ehresmann, B. 4; Email Address: ehresmann@boulder.swri.edu Epperly, M. 6; Email Address: mepperly@swri.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, 300 E Street SW, Washington DC 20548, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 674, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: George Mason University, School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, 364 Research Hall, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA  4: Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  5: Christian Albrechts Universität Kiel, Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Leibnizstr. 11, 24118 Kiel, Germany  6: Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91011, USA  8: University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Health Physics Department, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 89, p127; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: MAGNETISM; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hohmann transit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inner heliosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic connection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parker field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.09.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92731442&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Monahan, William B.
AU  - Cook, Tammy
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Connor, Jeff
AU  - Bobowski, Ben
T1  - Forecasting Distributional Responses of Limber Pine to Climate Change at Management-Relevant Scales in Rocky Mountain National Park.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Resource managers at parks and other protected areas are increasingly expected to factor climate change explicitly into their decision making frameworks. However, most protected areas are small relative to the geographic ranges of species being managed, so forecasts need to consider local adaptation and community dynamics that are correlated with climate and affect distributions inside protected area boundaries. Additionally, niche theory suggests that species' physiological capacities to respond to climate change may be underestimated when forecasts fail to consider the full breadth of climates occupied by the species rangewide. Here, using correlative species distribution models that contrast estimates of climatic sensitivity inferred from the two spatial extents, we quantify the response of limber pine (Pinus flexilis) to climate change in Rocky Mountain National Park (Colorado, USA). Models are trained locally within the park where limber pine is the community dominant tree species, a distinct structural-compositional vegetation class of interest to managers, and also rangewide, as suggested by niche theory. Model forecasts through 2100 under two representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5 W/m2) show that the distribution of limber pine in the park is expected to move upslope in elevation, but changes in total and core patch area remain highly uncertain. Most of this uncertainty is biological, as magnitudes of projected change are considerably more variable between the two spatial extents used in model training than they are between RCPs, and novel future climates only affect local model predictions associated with RCP 8.5 after 2091. Combined, these results illustrate the importance of accounting for unknowns in species' climatic sensitivities when forecasting distributional scenarios that are used to inform management decisions. We discuss how our results for limber pine may be interpreted in the context of climate change vulnerability and used to help guide adaptive management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIMBER pine
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - RESOURCE management
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - PRECIPITATION forecasting
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - ROCKY Mountain National Park (Colo.)
KW  - Atmospheric science
KW  - Biogeography
KW  - Biology
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Computer modeling
KW  - Computer science
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Ecological environments
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Environmental geography
KW  - Environmental sciences
KW  - Global change ecology
KW  - Plant ecology
KW  - Plant-environment interactions
KW  - Plants
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Spatial and landscape ecology
KW  - Terrestrial environments
KW  - Trees
N1  - Accession Number: 93397169; Monahan, William B. 1; Email Address: Bill_Monahan@nps.gov Cook, Tammy 2 Melton, Forrest 3,4 Connor, Jeff 5 Bobowski, Ben 5; Affiliation:  1: 1 Inventory and Monitoring Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America  2: 2 Biological Resource Management Division, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America  3: 3 California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, California, United States of America  4: 4 Cooperative for Research in Earth Science and Technology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  5: 5 Rocky Mountain National Park, Estes Park, Colorado, United States of America; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 8 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: LIMBER pine; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: RESOURCE management; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION forecasting; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: ROCKY Mountain National Park (Colo.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biogeography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecological environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental geography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global change ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plant ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plant-environment interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial and landscape ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trees; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0083163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SZKODY, PAULA
AU  - ALBRIGHT, MEAGAN
AU  - LINNELL, ALBERT P.
AU  - EVERETT, MARK E.
AU  - MCMILLAN, RUSSET
AU  - SAURAGE, GABRELLE
AU  - HUEHNERHOFF, JOSEPH
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - SIMONSEN, MIKE
AU  - HUNT-WALKER, NICK
T1  - A Study of the Unusual Z Cam Systems IW Andromedae and V513 Cassiopeia.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 125
IS  - 934
M3  - Article
SP  - 1421
EP  - 1428
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The Z Camelopardalis stars IWAnd and V513 Cas are unusual in having outbursts following their standstills, in contrast to the usual Z Cam behavior of quiescence following standstills. In order to gain further understanding of these little-studied systems, we obtained spectra correlated with photometry from the AAVSO throughout a 3-4 month interval in 2011. In addition, time-resolved spectra were obtained in 2012 that provided orbital periods of 3.7 hr for IWAnd and 5.2 hr for V513 Cas. The photometry of V513 Cas revealed a regular pattern of standstills and outbursts with little time at quiescence, while IW And underwent many excursions from quiescence to outburst to short standstills. The spectra of IWAnd are similar to normal dwarf novae, with strong Balmer emission at quiescence and absorption at outburst. In contrast, V513 Cas shows a much flatter/redder spectrum near outburst with strong He II emission and prominent emission cores in the Balmer lines. Part of this continuum difference may be due to reddening effects. While our attempts to model the outburst and standstill states of IWAnd indicate a mass accretion rate near 3 × 10-9 Mȯ yr-1, we could find no obvious reason why these systems behave differently following standstill, compared to normal Z Cam stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CASSIOPEIA (Constellation)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - DWARF novae
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - HELIUM isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 93271920; SZKODY, PAULA 1,2; Email Address: szkody@astro.washington.edu ALBRIGHT, MEAGAN 1 LINNELL, ALBERT P. 1 EVERETT, MARK E. 3 MCMILLAN, RUSSET 4 SAURAGE, GABRELLE 4 HUEHNERHOFF, JOSEPH 4 HOWELL, STEVE B. 2,5 SIMONSEN, MIKE 6; Email Address: mikesimonsen@aavso.org HUNT-WALKER, NICK 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195  2: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory  3: National Optical Astronomy Observatories, 950 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719  4: Apache Point Observatory, Sunspot, NM 88349  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  6: AAVSO, 49 Bay State Road, Cambridge, MA 02138; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 125 Issue 934, p1421; Subject Term: CASSIOPEIA (Constellation); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: DWARF novae; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: HELIUM isotopes; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Repasky, Kevin S.
AU  - Moen, Drew
AU  - Spuler, Scott
AU  - Nehrir, Amin R.
AU  - Carlsten, John L.
T1  - Progress towards an Autonomous Field Deployable Diode-Laser-Based Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) for Profiling Water Vapor in the Lower Troposphere.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 5
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 6241
EP  - 6259
SN  - 20724292
AB  - A laser transmitter has been developed and incorporated into a micro-pulse differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for water vapor profiling in the lower troposphere as an important step towards long-term autonomous field operation. The laser transmitter utilizes two distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) diode lasers to injection seed a pulsed tapered semiconductor optical amplifier (TSOA), and is capable of producing up to 10 μJ of pulse energy with a 1 μs pulse duration and a 10 kHz pulse repetition frequency. The on-line wavelength of the laser transmitter can operate anywhere along the water vapor absorption feature centered at 828.187 nm (in vacuum) depending on the prevailing atmospheric conditions, while the off-line wavelength operates at 828.287 nm. This laser transmitter has been incorporated into a DIAL instrument utilizing a 35.6 cm Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope and fiber coupled avalanche photodiode (APD) operating in the photon counting mode. The performance of the DIAL instrument was demonstrated over a ten-day observation period. During this observation period, data from radiosondes were used to retrieve water vapor number density profiles for comparisons with the number density profiles retrieved from the DIAL data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIALING
KW  - PULSE (Heart beat)
KW  - LIGHT sources
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - DENSITY
KW  - DIAL
KW  - ground-based lidar
KW  - trace gas sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 93301307; Repasky, Kevin S. 1; Email Address: repasky@ece.montana.edu Moen, Drew 1; Email Address: drew.moen@msu.montana.edu Spuler, Scott 2; Email Address: spuler@ucar.edu Nehrir, Amin R. 3; Email Address: amin.r.nehrir@nasa.gov Carlsten, John L. 4; Email Address: carlsten@physics.montana.edu; Affiliation:  1: Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA  2: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Physics Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 12, p6241; Subject Term: DIALING; Subject Term: PULSE (Heart beat); Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: DENSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: DIAL; Author-Supplied Keyword: ground-based lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: trace gas sensing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5126241
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yen-Ben Cheng
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Qingyuan Zhang
AU  - Huemmrich, Karl F.
AU  - Campbell, Petya K. E.
AU  - Corp, Lawrence A.
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - Kustas, William P.
AU  - Daughtry, Craig S.
T1  - Integrating Solar Induced Fluorescence and the Photochemical Reflectance Index for Estimating Gross Primary Production in a Cornfield.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 5
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 6857
EP  - 6879
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The utilization of remotely sensed observations for light use efficiency (LUE) and tower-based gross primary production (GPP) estimates was studied in a USDA cornfield. Nadir hyperspectral reflectance measurements were acquired at canopy level during a collaborative field campaign conducted in four growing seasons. The Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and solar induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), were derived. SIF retrievals were accomplished in the two telluric atmospheric oxygen absorption features centered at 688 nm (O2-B) and 760 nm (O2-A). The PRI and SIF were examined in conjunction with GPP and LUE determined by flux tower-based measurements. All of these fluxes, environmental variables, and the PRI and SIF exhibited diurnal as well as day-to-day dynamics across the four growing seasons. Consistent with previous studies, the PRI was shown to be related to LUE (r2 = 0.54 with a logarithm fit), but the relationship varied each year. By combining the PRI and SIF in a linear regression model, stronger performances for GPP estimation were obtained. The strongest relationship (r2 = 0.80, RMSE = 0.186 mg CO2/m2/s) was achieved when using the PRI and SIF retrievals at 688 nm. Cross-validation approaches were utilized to demonstrate the robustness and consistency of the performance. This study highlights a GPP retrieval method based entirely on hyperspectral remote sensing observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - OBSERVATION (Educational method)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - TETRAPYRROLES
KW  - FREE-space optical technology
KW  - cornfield
KW  - gross primary production
KW  - light use efficiency
KW  - photochemical reflectance index
KW  - solar induced fluorescence
N1  - Accession Number: 93301334; Yen-Ben Cheng 1; Email Address: yen-ben.cheng@nasa.gov Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Email Address: elizabeth.m.middleton@nasa.gov Qingyuan Zhang 3; Email Address: qingyuan.zhang-1@nasa.gov Huemmrich, Karl F. 4; Email Address: karl.f.huemmrich@nasa.gov Campbell, Petya K. E. 4; Email Address: petya.k.campbell@nasa.gov Corp, Lawrence A. 5; Email Address: lawrence.a.corp@nasa.gov Cook, Bruce D. 2; Email Address: bruce.cook@nasa.gov Kustas, William P. 6; Email Address: bill.kustas@ars.usda.gov Daughtry, Craig S. 6; Email Address: craig.daughtry@ars.usda.gov; Affiliation:  1: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., Laurel, MD 20707, USA  2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  5: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 12, p6857; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Educational method); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: TETRAPYRROLES; Subject Term: FREE-space optical technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: cornfield; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: light use efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: photochemical reflectance index; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar induced fluorescence; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs5126857
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allodi, M. A.
AU  - Baragiola, R. A.
AU  - Baratta, G. A.
AU  - Barucci, M. A.
AU  - Blake, G. A.
AU  - Boduch, P.
AU  - Brucato, J. R.
AU  - Contreras, C.
AU  - Cuylle, S. H.
AU  - Fulvio, D.
AU  - Gudipati, M. S.
AU  - Ioppolo, S.
AU  - Kaňuchová, Z.
AU  - Lignell, A.
AU  - Linnartz, H.
AU  - Palumbo, M. E.
AU  - Raut, U.
AU  - Rothard, H.
AU  - Salama, F.
AU  - Savchenko, E. V.
T1  - Complementary and Emerging Techniques for Astrophysical Ices Processed in the Laboratory.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 180
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 175
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Inter- and circumstellar ices comprise different molecules accreted on cold dust particles. These icy dust grains provide a molecule reservoir where particles can interact and react. As the grain acts as a third body, capable of absorbing energy, icy surfaces in space have a catalytic effect. Chemical reactions are triggered by a number of possible processes; (i) irradiation by light, typically UV photons from the interstellar radiation field and Ly- α radiation emitted by excited hydrogen, but also X-rays, (ii) bombardment by particles, free atoms (most noticeably hydrogen, but also N, C, O and D-atoms), electrons, low energy ions and cosmic rays, and (iii) thermal processing. All these effects cause ices to (photo)desorb, induce fragmentation or ionization in the ice, and eventual recombination will make molecules to react and to form more and more complex species. The effects of this solid state astrochemistry are observed by astronomers; nearly 180 different molecules (not including isotopologues) have been unambiguously identified in the inter- and circumstellar medium, and the abundances of a substantial part of these species cannot be explained by gas phase reaction schemes only and must involve solid state chemistry. Icy dust grains in space experience different chemical stages. In the diffuse medium grains are barely covered by molecules, but upon gravitational collapse and darkening of the cloud, temperatures drop and dust grains start acting as micrometer sized cryopumps. More and more species accrete, until even the most volatile species are frozen. In parallel (non)energetic processing can take place, particularly during planet and star formation when radiation and particle fluxes are intense. The physical and chemical properties of ice clearly provide a snapshotroot to characterize the cosmological chemical evolution. In order to fully interpret the astronomical observations, therefore, dedicated laboratory experiments are needed that simulate dust grain formation and processing as well as ice mantle chemistry under astronomical conditions and in full control of the relevant parameters; ice morphology (i.e., structure), composition, temperature, UV and particle fluxes, etc., yielding parameters that can be used for astrochemical modeling and for comparison with the observations. This is the topic of the present manuscript. Laboratory experiments simulating the conditions in space are conducted for decades all over the world, but particularly in recent years new techniques have made it possible to study reactions involving inter- and circumstellar dust and ice analogues at an unprecedented level of detail. Whereas in the past “top-down scenarios” allowed to conclude on the importance of the solid state for the chemical enrichment of space, presently “bottom-up approaches” make it possible to fully quantify the involved reactions, and to provide information on processes at the molecular level. The recent progress in the field of “solid state laboratory astrophysics” is a consequence of the use of ultra high vacuum systems, of new radiation sources, such as synchrotrons and laser systems that allow extensions to wavelength domains that long have not been accessible, including the THz domain, and the use of highly sensitive gas phase detection techniques, explicitly applied to characterize the solid state such as fluorescence, luminescence, cavity ring-down spectroscopy and sophisticated mass spectrometric techniques. This paper presents an overview of the techniques being used in astrochemical laboratories worldwide, but it is incomplete in the sense that it summarizes the outcome of a 3-day workshop of the authors in November 2012 (at the Observatoire de Meudon in France), with several laboratories represented, but not all. The paper references earlier work, but it is incomplete with regard to latest developments of techniques used in laboratories not represented at the workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - DUST
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - CATALYSIS
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - Astronomical ice analogues
KW  - Inter- and circumstellar medium
KW  - Laboratory astrophysics
KW  - Molecular astrophysics
KW  - Solid state astrochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 92629619; Allodi, M. A. 1; Email Address: mallodi@caltech.edu Baragiola, R. A. 2; Email Address: raul@virginia.edu Baratta, G. A. 3; Email Address: gbaratta@oact.inaf.it Barucci, M. A. 4; Email Address: antonella.barucci@obspm.fr Blake, G. A. 1,5; Email Address: gab@gps.caltech.edu Boduch, P. 6; Email Address: boduch@ganil.fr Brucato, J. R. 7; Email Address: jbrucato@arcetri.astro.it Contreras, C. 8 Cuylle, S. H. 9 Fulvio, D. 2; Email Address: df6vz@virginia.edu Gudipati, M. S. 10,11; Email Address: murthy.gudipati@jpl.nasa.gov Ioppolo, S. 5; Email Address: ioppolo@caltech.edu Kaňuchová, Z. 3,12; Email Address: zkanuch@ta3.sk Lignell, A. 11 Linnartz, H. 9; Email Address: linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl Palumbo, M. E. 3; Email Address: mepalumbo@oact.inaf.it Raut, U. 2; Email Address: raut@virginia.edu Rothard, H. 6; Email Address: rothard@ganil.fr Salama, F. 8; Email Address: farid.salama@nasa.gov Savchenko, E. V. 13; Email Address: elena.savchenko@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA  2: Laboratory for Atomic and Surface Physics, University of Virginia, Thornton Hall B-103, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA  3: Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, INAF, Catania, Italy  4: Paris Observatory, LESIA, Paris, France  5: Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA  6: Centre de Recherche sur les Ion, les Matériaux et la Photonique (CEA/CNRS UMR 6252/ENSICAEN/UCBN), CIMAP-CIRIL-Ganil, BP5133, 14070, Caen Cedex 05, France  7: Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Florence, Italy  8: Ames Research Center, Space Sciences & Astrobiology Division, NASA, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-1000, USA  9: Raymond & Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands  10: IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA  12: Astronomical Institute of Slovac Academy of Sciences, T. Lomnica, 05960, Slovakia  13: Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics & Engineering NASU, Lenin Ave. 47, Kharkov, 61103, Ukraine; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 180 Issue 1-4, p101; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronomical ice analogues; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inter- and circumstellar medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laboratory astrophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular astrophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid state astrochemistry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 75p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-013-0020-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sadovsky, Alexander V.
AU  - Davis, Damek
AU  - Isaacson, Douglas R.
T1  - Separation-compliant, optimal routing and control of scheduled arrivals in a terminal airspace.
JO  - Transportation Research: Part C
JF  - Transportation Research: Part C
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 37
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 176
SN  - 0968090X
AB  - Highlights: [•] We model aircraft in an airspace route network, subject to separation constraints. [•] The problem arose in air traffic management, but the model is more general. [•] Each agent must, from its origin, arrive at its destination at a required time. [•] The model is multi-phase optimal control; a phase ends when an aircraft arrives. [•] Recast as one-phase classical optimal control, easier to solve and apply theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part C is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRCRAFT separation
KW  - TRAFFIC engineering
KW  - MODEL airplanes
KW  - AIRWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - TRANSPORTATION -- Management
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - OPTIMAL control theory
KW  - TRANSPORTATION -- Timetables
KW  - Motion planning
KW  - Multi-agent coordination
KW  - Multigraph
KW  - Optimal control
KW  - Roadmap
KW  - Route network
N1  - Accession Number: 92651807; Sadovsky, Alexander V. 1; Email Address: alexander.v.sadovsky@nasa.gov Davis, Damek 2 Isaacson, Douglas R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, United States  2: UCLA, Department of Mathematics, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1555, United States; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 37, p157; Subject Term: AIRCRAFT separation; Subject Term: TRAFFIC engineering; Subject Term: MODEL airplanes; Subject Term: AIRWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION -- Management; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: OPTIMAL control theory; Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION -- Timetables; Author-Supplied Keyword: Motion planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-agent coordination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multigraph; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Roadmap; Author-Supplied Keyword: Route network; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339930 Doll, Toy, and Game Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trc.2013.09.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis M.
T1  - NIC 2030: A Brief Assessment.
JO  - World Future Review (Sage Publications Inc.)
JF  - World Future Review (Sage Publications Inc.)
Y1  - 2013/12//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 332
EP  - 334
SN  - 19467567
AB  - This study describes the probable and synergistic societal future drivers and states which will result from a combination of human pressures upon the ecosystem and the ongoing IT, Bio, Nano, Quantum and Energetics Technology Revolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of World Future Review (Sage Publications Inc.) is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - SOCIETAL reaction
KW  - HUMAN beings
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - combinational impacts
KW  - human existence theorem
KW  - societal impacts
KW  - technology revolutions
KW  - tele-everything
N1  - Accession Number: 94015688; Bushnell, Dennis M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p332; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: SOCIETAL reaction; Subject Term: HUMAN beings; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: INFORMATION technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: combinational impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: human existence theorem; Author-Supplied Keyword: societal impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: technology revolutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: tele-everything; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1946756713509237
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kang, Daegun
AU  - Rim, Taiuk
AU  - Baek, Chang-Ki
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Investigation of electromigration in In2Se3 nanowire for phase change memory devices.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/12/02/
VL  - 103
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 233504
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The decomposition of In2Se3 nanowire phase change memory devices during current-driving operation was investigated. The devices were subjected to thermal/electrical stress with current density and electric field during the reset operation at 0.24-0.38 MA/cm2 and 5.3-6.4 kV/cm, respectively. After multiple operation cycles, a change in morphology and composition of the In2Se3 nanowire was observed and led to the device failure. The transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis indicate that electromigration causes the catastrophic failure by void formation where In atoms migrate toward the cathode and Se atoms migrate toward the anode depending on their electronegativities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRODIFFUSION
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - PHASE change memory
KW  - CURRENT density (Electromagnetism)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 92762499; Kang, Daegun 1 Rim, Taiuk 2 Baek, Chang-Ki 2 Meyyappan, M. 3 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang,  2: Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang,  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,  4: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang,; Source Info: 12/2/2013, Vol. 103 Issue 23, p233504; Subject Term: ELECTRODIFFUSION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: PHASE change memory; Subject Term: CURRENT density (Electromagnetism); Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4838755
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Lei
AU  - Zhao, Jun-Hui
AU  - Wright, M. C. H.
AU  - Sandell, Göran
AU  - Shi, Hui
AU  - Wu, Yue-Fang
AU  - Brogan, Crystal
AU  - Corder, Stuartt
T1  - SUBARCSECOND OBSERVATIONS OF NGC 7538 IRS 1: CONTINUUM DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF MOLECULAR GAS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/12/10/
VL  - 779
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 67
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report new results based on the analysis of the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy (CARMA) observations of NGC 7538 IRS 1 at 1.3 and 3.4 mm with subarcsecond resolutions. With angular resolutions ∼0.″7, the SMA and CARMA observations show that the continuum emission at 1.3 and 3.4 mm from the hyper-compact H II region IRS 1 is dominated by a compact source with a tail-like extended structure to the southwest of IRS 1. With a CARMA B-array image at 1.3 mm convolved to 0.″1, we resolve the hyper-compact H II region into two components: an unresolved hyper-compact core, and a north-south extension with linear sizes of <270 AU and ∼2000 AU, respectively. The fine structure observed with CARMA is in good agreement with the previous Very Large Array results at centimeter wavelengths, suggesting that the hyper-compact H II region at the center of IRS 1 is associated with an ionized bipolar outflow. We image the molecular lines OCS(19-18) and CH3CN(12-11) as well as 13CO(2-1) surrounding IRS 1, showing a velocity gradient along the southwest-northeast direction. The spectral line profiles in 13CO(2-1), CO(2-1), and HCN(1-0) observed toward IRS 1 show broad redshifted absorption, providing evidence for gas infall with rates in the range of 3-10 × 10–3M☼ yr–1 inferred from our observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - VERY large array telescopes
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - SPECTRAL lines
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 94289508; Zhu, Lei 1,2,3; Email Address: lzhu@nao.cas.cn Zhao, Jun-Hui 2 Wright, M. C. H. 4 Sandell, Göran 5 Shi, Hui 1,6 Wu, Yue-Fang 3 Brogan, Crystal 7 Corder, Stuartt 7; Affiliation:  1: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, A20 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012, China  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  4: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Building N232, Rm. 146, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  6: Max-Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel, 69, 53121, Bonn, Germany  7: NRAO, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA; Source Info: 12/10/2013, Vol. 779 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: VERY large array telescopes; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: SPECTRAL lines; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/779/1/51
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Czabaj, Michael W.
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
T1  - Comparison of intralaminar and interlaminar mode I fracture toughnesses of a unidirectional IM7/8552 carbon/epoxy composite.
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2013/12/13/
VL  - 89
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 23
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: The intralaminar and interlaminar mode I fracture toughnesses of a unidirectional IM7/8552 carbon/epoxy composite were measured using compact tension (CT) and double cantilever beam (DCB) test specimens, respectively. Two starter crack geometries were considered for both the CT and DCB specimen configurations. In the first case, starter cracks were produced by 12.5μm thick, Teflon film inserts. In the second case, considerably sharper starter cracks were produced by fatigue precracking. For each specimen configuration, use of the Teflon film starter cracks resulted in initially unstable crack growth and artificially high initiation fracture-toughness values. Conversely, specimens with fatigue precracks exhibited stable growth onset and lower initiation fracture toughnesses. For CT and DCB specimens with fatigue precracks, the intralaminar and interlaminar initiation fracture toughnesses were essentially equal. However, during propagation, the CT specimens exhibited more extensive fiber bridging and rapidly increasing R-curve behavior as compared to the DCB specimens. Observations of initiation and propagation of intralaminar and interlaminar fracture, and the measurements of fracture toughness, were consistent with fractographic analysis using scanning electron microscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - FRACTURE toughness
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - CANTILEVERS
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs)
KW  - B. Delamination
KW  - B. Fracture toughness
KW  - B. Intralaminar fracture
N1  - Accession Number: 91973421; Czabaj, Michael W. 1; Email Address: michael.w.czabaj@nasa.gov Ratcliffe, James G. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23452, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 89, p15; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: FRACTURE toughness; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: CANTILEVERS; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Intralaminar fracture; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.09.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Handlin, Daniel
AU  - Stein, Itai Y.
AU  - Guzman de Villoria, Roberto
AU  - Cebeci, Hülya
AU  - Parsons, Ethan M.
AU  - Socrate, Simona
AU  - Scotti, Stephen
AU  - Wardle, Brian L.
T1  - Three-dimensional elastic constitutive relations of aligned carbon nanotube architectures.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2013/12/14/
VL  - 114
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 224310
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Tailorable anisotropic intrinsic and scale-dependent properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) make them attractive elements in next-generation advanced materials. However, in order to model and predict the behavior of CNTs in macroscopic architectures, mechanical constitutive relations must be evaluated. This study presents the full stiffness tensor for aligned CNT-reinforced polymers as a function of the CNT packing (up to ∼20 vol. %), revealing noticeable anisotropy. Finite element models reveal that the usually neglected CNT waviness dictates the degree of anisotropy and packing dependence of the mechanical behavior, rather than any of the usually cited aggregation or polymer interphase mechanisms. Combined with extensive morphology characterization, this work enables the evaluation of structure-property relations for such materials, enabling design of aligned CNT material architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - POLYMERS -- Research
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - FULLERENES
N1  - Accession Number: 92962003; Handlin, Daniel 1 Stein, Itai Y. 2 Guzman de Villoria, Roberto 1 Cebeci, Hülya 1 Parsons, Ethan M. 3 Socrate, Simona 3 Scotti, Stephen 4 Wardle, Brian L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,  3: Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139,  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681,; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 114 Issue 22, p224310; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Research; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4842117
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Xiaohong
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Bowman, Joel M.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Anharmonic rovibrational calculations of singlet cyclic C4 using a new ab initio potential and a quartic force field.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2013/12/14/
VL  - 139
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 224302
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We report a CCSD(T)/cc-pCV5Z quartic force field (QFF) and a semi-global CCSD(T)-F12b/aug-cc-pVTZ potential energy surface (PES) for singlet, cyclic C4. Vibrational fundamentals, combinations, and overtones are obtained using vibrational second-order perturbation theory (VPT2) and the vibrational configuration-interaction (VCI) approach. Agreement is within 10 cm-1 between the VCI calculated fundamentals on the QFF and PES using the MULTIMODE (MM) program, and VPT2 and VCI results agree for the fundamentals. The agreement between VPT2-QFF and MM-QFF results is also good for the C4 combinations and overtones. The J = 1 and J = 2 rovibrational energies are reported from both VCI (MM) on the PES and VPT2 on the QFF calculations. The spectroscopic constants of 12C4 and two C2v-symmetry, single 13C-substituted isotopologues are presented, which may help identification of cyclic C4 in future experimental analyses or astronomical observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICS research
KW  - PERMUTATIONS
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - MOLECULAR force constants
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
KW  - ISOTOPOLOGUES
KW  - QUARTIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 92961863; Wang, Xiaohong 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2 Bowman, Joel M. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322,  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043,  3: MS 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Mofffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 139 Issue 22, p224302; Subject Term: PHYSICS research; Subject Term: PERMUTATIONS; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: MOLECULAR force constants; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Subject Term: ISOTOPOLOGUES; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4837177
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Crumeyrolle, S.
AU  - Weigel, R.
AU  - Sellegri, K.
AU  - Roberts, G.
AU  - Gomes, L.
AU  - Stohl, A.
AU  - Laj, P.
AU  - Momboisse, G.
AU  - Bourianne, T.
AU  - Puygrenier, V.
AU  - Burnet, F.
AU  - Chosson, F.
AU  - Brenguier, J.L.
AU  - Etcheberry, J.M.
AU  - Villani, P.
AU  - Pichon, J.M.
AU  - Schwarzenboeck, A.
T1  - Airborne investigation of the aerosols–cloud interactions in the vicinity and within a marine stratocumulus over the North Sea during EUCAARI (2008).
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2013/12/15/
VL  - 81
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 303
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Within the European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) project, the Meteo France research aircraft ATR-42 was operated from Rotterdam (Netherlands) airport during May 2008, to perform scientific flights dedicated to the investigation of aerosol&#x2013;cloud interactions. The objective of this study is to illustrate the impact of cloud processing on the aerosol particle physical and chemical properties. The presented results are retrieved from measurements during flight operation with two consecutive flights, first from Rotterdam to Newcastle (United Kingdom) and subsequently reverse along the same waypoints back to Rotterdam using data measured with compact Time of Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (cToF-AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). Cloud-related measurements during these flights were performed over the North Sea within as well as in close vicinity of a marine stratocumulus cloud layer. Particle physical and chemical properties observed in the close vicinity, below and above the stratocumulus cloud, show strong differences: (1) the averaged aerosol size distributions, observed above and below the cloud layer, are of bimodal character with pronounced minima between Aitken and accumulation mode, very likely due to cloud processing. (2) the chemical composition of aerosol particles is strongly dependent on the position relative to the cloud layer (vicinity or below/above cloud). In general, the nitrate and organic relative mass fractions decrease with decreasing distance to the cloud, in the transit from cloud&#x2013;free conditions towards the cloud boundaries. This relative mass fraction decrease ranges from a factor of three to ten, thus leading to an increase of the sulfate and ammonium relative mass concentrations while approaching the cloud layer. (3), the chemical composition of cloud droplet residuals, analyzed downstream of a Counterflow virtual Impactor (CVI) inlet indicates increased fractions of mainly soluble chemical compounds such as nitrate and organics, compared to non cloud processed particles. Finally, a net overbalance of nitrate aerosol has been revealed by comparing cloud droplet residual and non cloud processed aerosol chemical compositions. Conclusively, this study highlights gaps concerning the sampling strategy that need to be addressed for the future missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Research
KW  - AIR quality -- Research
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - Activation
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - CCN
KW  - In-situ measurements
KW  - Stratocumulus
N1  - Accession Number: 92037538; Crumeyrolle, S. 1,2; Email Address: suzanne.crumeyrolle@gmail.com Weigel, R. 1,3 Sellegri, K. 1 Roberts, G. 4 Gomes, L. 4 Stohl, A. 5 Laj, P. 1,6 Momboisse, G. 4 Bourianne, T. 4 Puygrenier, V. 4,7 Burnet, F. 4 Chosson, F. 8 Brenguier, J.L. 4 Etcheberry, J.M. 4 Villani, P. 1 Pichon, J.M. 1 Schwarzenboeck, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, CNRS, Université Blaise Pascal, UMR6016, Aubière cedex, France  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Institute for Physics of the Atmosphere, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany  4: Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, URA 1357, Météo-France, Toulouse, France  5: Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway  6: Departement of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada  7: Laboratoire des Science du Climat et de l'Environnement, CNRS, France  8: Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement, UMR 5183, Université de Grenoble 1/CNRS, Grenoble, France; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 81, p288; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Research; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Research; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: CCN; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-situ measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratocumulus; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.08.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2013/12/15/Dec2013 Part 2
VL  - 61
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4292
EP  - 4292
SN  - 00189480
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses papers regarding microwave engineering discussed at the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' Microwave Theory and Techniques Society's International Microwave Symposium held from June 2-7, 2013 in Seattle, Washington.
KW  - MICROWAVES -- Industrial applications
KW  - MICROWAVES -- Congresses
KW  - INSTITUTE of Electrical & Electronics Engineers
N1  - Accession Number: 92680981; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA; Source Info: Dec2013 Part 2, Vol. 61 Issue 12, p4292; Subject Term: MICROWAVES -- Industrial applications; Subject Term: MICROWAVES -- Congresses; Company/Entity: INSTITUTE of Electrical & Electronics Engineers DUNS Number: 001651855; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2288892
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Omelon, Christopher R.
AU  - Brady, Allyson L.
AU  - Slater, Greg F.
AU  - Laval, Bernard
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.S.
AU  - Southam, Gordon
T1  - Microstructure variability in freshwater microbialites, Pavilion Lake, Canada.
JO  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
JF  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Y1  - 2013/12/15/
VL  - 392
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 70
SN  - 00310182
AB  - Abstract: Calcite microbialites in Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, exhibit a diverse range in macro-morphology, biomass abundance, porosity, and mineral content. To evaluate the role of microorganisms in their formation, samples collected from a range of depths were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectroscopy to characterize both their outer surfaces as well as internal structures. Observed trends in both surface colonization as well as microbialite framework with increasing lake depth include decreasing microbial abundance on outer surfaces as well as increasing ratios of carbonate:biomass in the microbialites. Microscopic investigations of the interiors show bacteria and algae entrapped within calcite, with this calcite exhibiting micropores and casts similar in size and shape to microorganisms. Based on these observations, it is hypothesized that microbialite development in Pavilion Lake initiates calcite precipitation in phototrophic microbial mats, i.e., combined phototrophy and heterotrophy, followed by heterotrophic oxidation of organic matter leading to eventual carbonate infilling of the microbial–mineral matrix. In addition, an observed shift from cyanobacteria to algae with increasing lake depth suggests variability in contemporary conditions controlling microbialite growth and diagenesis. High photosynthetic growth rates at shallower depths result in significant porosity and friability due to biomass accumulation outpacing carbonate precipitation. At intermediate depths, lower light levels and slower growth rates of phototrophs lead to a greater proportion of the microbialite matrix being in-filled by carbonate. Carbonates precipitate initially within the bacteria-EPS matrix, with abundant uncalcified algae maintaining microbialite porosity. In the deepest waters, the presence of only sparse algal colonization as well as fine-grained, laminated metal-rich sediments covering microbialites suggests that present-day insolation levels are too low to support the development of photosynthetic microbial mats. As a consequence, heterotrophic carbonate precipitation has progressively in-filled these microbialite interiors to create lithified calcite fabrics that exhibit minimal porosity but preserve the casts of microorganisms as biosignatures. While the origin of microbialites in Pavilion Lake remains unknown, current observations provide valuable information in evaluating how environmental conditions influence microbialite growth in a freshwater, lacustrine environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - LAKES
KW  - FRESHWATER ecology
KW  - CALCITE
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - SYNCHROTRON radiation
KW  - CANADA
KW  - BRITISH Columbia
KW  - Bacteria
KW  - Biosignature
KW  - Calcite
KW  - Carbonate precipitation
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Freshwater microbialite
KW  - Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 92733594; Omelon, Christopher R. 1; Email Address: omelon@jsg.utexas.edu Brady, Allyson L. 2 Slater, Greg F. 2 Laval, Bernard 3 Lim, Darlene S.S. 4 Southam, Gordon 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada  2: School of Geography & Earth Sciences, McMaster University, General Science Building Room 206, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada  3: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, Civil and Mechanical Engineering Building, 2002-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 245-3, Bldg N245, Room 283, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 392, p62; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: FRESHWATER ecology; Subject Term: CALCITE; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRON radiation; Subject Term: CANADA; Subject Term: BRITISH Columbia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosignature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calcite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbonate precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Freshwater microbialite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seyedi, M. A.
AU  - Yao, M.
AU  - O'Brien, J.
AU  - Wang, S. Y.
AU  - Dapkus, P. D.
T1  - Large area, low capacitance, GaAs nanowire photodetector with a transparent Schottky collecting junction.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2013/12/16/
VL  - 103
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 251109
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We present experimental results on a GaAs/Indium-Tin-Oxide Schottky-like heterojunction photodetector based on a nanowire device geometry. By distributing the active detecting area over an array of nanowires, it is possible to achieve large area detection with low capacitance. Devices with bare GaAs and passivated AlGaAs/GaAs nanowires are fabricated to compare the responsivity with and without surface passivation. We are able to achieve responsivity of >0.5A/W and Signal-Noise-Ratio in excess of 7 dB for 2 V applied reverse bias with passivated nanowire devices. Capacitance-voltage measurement yields <5 nF/cm2, which shows a strong possibility for high-speed applications with a broad area device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide transistors
KW  - GALLIUM arsenide semiconductors
KW  - ELECTRIC capacity
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - NANOWIRES -- Electric properties
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials -- Optical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 93303125; Seyedi, M. A. 1 Yao, M. 1 O'Brien, J. 1 Wang, S. Y. 1,2 Dapkus, P. D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Energy Nanoscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089,  2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035,; Source Info: 12/16/2013, Vol. 103 Issue 25, p251109; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide transistors; Subject Term: GALLIUM arsenide semiconductors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC capacity; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: NANOWIRES -- Electric properties; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials -- Optical properties; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4852136
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guerrero, G.
AU  - Smolarkiewicz, P. K.
AU  - Kosovichev, A. G.
AU  - Mansour, N. N.
T1  - DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION IN SOLAR-LIKE STARS FROM GLOBAL SIMULATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2013/12/20/
VL  - 779
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 176
EP  - 188
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - To explore the physics of large-scale flows in solar-like stars, we perform three-dimensional anelastic simulations of rotating convection for global models with stratification resembling the solar interior. The numerical method is based on an implicit large-eddy simulation approach designed to capture effects from non-resolved small scales. We obtain two regimes of differential rotation, with equatorial zonal flows accelerated either in the direction of rotation (solar-like) or in the opposite direction (anti-solar). While the models with the solar-like differential rotation tend to produce multiple cells of meridional circulation, the models with anti-solar differential rotation result in only one or two meridional cells. Our simulations indicate that the rotation and large-scale flow patterns critically depend on the ratio between buoyancy and Coriolis forces. By including a sub-adiabatic layer at the bottom of the domain, corresponding to the stratification of a radiative zone, we reproduce a layer of strong radial shear similar to the solar tachocline. Similarly, enhanced super-adiabaticity at the top results in a near-surface shear layer located mainly at lower latitudes. The models reveal a latitudinal entropy gradient localized at the base of the convection zone and in the stable region, which, however, does not propagate across the convection zone. In consequence, baroclinicity effects remain small, and the rotation isocontours align in cylinders along the rotation axis. Our results confirm the alignment of large convective cells along the rotation axis in the deep convection zone and suggest that such “banana-cell” pattern can be hidden beneath the supergranulation layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS
KW  - SUN
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - BAROCLINICITY
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - INTERNAL structure
N1  - Accession Number: 94289749; Guerrero, G. 1 Smolarkiewicz, P. K. 2; Email Address: smolar@ecmwf.int, sasha@sun.stanford.edu Kosovichev, A. G. 1,3; Email Address: gag@stanford.edu Mansour, N. N. 4; Email Address: nagi.n.mansour@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Solar Physics, HEPL, Stanford University, 452 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-4085, USA  2: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, UK  3: Big Bear Solar Observatory, NJIT, 40386 North Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA 92314-9672, USA  4: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA; Source Info: 12/20/2013, Vol. 779 Issue 2, p176; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: BAROCLINICITY; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: INTERNAL structure; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/779/2/176
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Catling, David C.
AU  - Claire, Mark W.
T1  - The rise of oxygen and the hydrogen hourglass.
JO  - Chemical Geology
JF  - Chemical Geology
Y1  - 2013/12/20/
VL  - 362
M3  - Article
SP  - 26
EP  - 34
SN  - 00092541
AB  - Abstract: Oxygenic photosynthesis appears to be necessary for an oxygen-rich atmosphere like Earth's. But available geological and geochemical evidence suggest that at least 200Myr, and possibly more than 700Myr, elapsed between the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis and the establishment of an oxygen atmosphere. The interregnum implies that at least one other necessary condition for O2 needed to be met. Here we argue that the second condition was the oxidation of the surface and crust to the point where O2 became more stable than competing reduced gases such as CH4. The cause of Earth's surface oxidation would be the same cause as it is for other planets with oxidized surfaces: hydrogen escape to space. The duration of the interregnum would have been determined by the rate of hydrogen escape and by the size of the reduced reservoir that needed to be oxidized before O2 became favored. We suggest that continental growth has been influenced by hydrogen escape, and we speculate that, if there must be an external bias to biological evolution, hydrogen escape can be that bias. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Geology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOURGLASS drum
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC oxygen
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - EVOLUTION (Biology)
KW  - CRUST
KW  - Atmospheric evolution
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Hydrogen escape
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Oxygenation
N1  - Accession Number: 92731689; Zahnle, Kevin J. 1; Email Address: Kevin.J.Zahnle@NASA.gov Catling, David C. 2; Email Address: dcatling@uw.edu Claire, Mark W. 3,4; Email Address: mc229@st-andrews.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Dept. Earth and Space Sciences/Astrobiology Program, Box 351310, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 8YH, UK  4: Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 362, p26; Subject Term: HOURGLASS drum; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC oxygen; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: EVOLUTION (Biology); Subject Term: CRUST; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen escape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygenation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.08.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zheng, Meng
AU  - Chen, Xiaoming
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Fay, Catharine C
AU  - Pugno, Nicola M
AU  - Ke, Changhong
T1  - Nanomechanical cutting of boron nitride nanotubes by atomic force microscopy.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2013/12/20/
VL  - 24
IS  - 50
M3  - Article
SP  - 505719
EP  - 505729
SN  - 09574484
AB  - The length of nanotubes is a critical structural parameter for the design and manufacture of nanotube-based material systems and devices. High-precision length control of nanotubes by means of mechanical cutting using a scriber has not materialized due to the lack of the knowledge of the appropriate cutting conditions and the tube failure mechanism. In this paper, we present a quantitative nanomechanical study of the cutting of individual boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) using atomic force microscopy (AFM) probes. In our nanotube cutting measurements, a nanotube standing still on a flat substrate was laterally scribed by an AFM tip. The tip–tube collision force deformed the tube, and eventually fractured the tube at the collision site by increasing the cutting load. The mechanical response of nanotubes during the tip–tube collision process and the roles of the scribing velocity and the frictional interaction on the tip–tube collision contact in cutting nanotubes were quantitatively investigated by cutting double-walled BNNTs of 2.26–4.28 nm in outer diameter. The fracture strength of BNNTs was also quantified based on the measured collision forces and their structural configurations using contact mechanics theories. Our analysis reports fracture strengths of 9.1–15.5 GPa for the tested BNNTs. The nanomechanical study presented in this paper demonstrates that the AFM-based nanomechanical cutting technique not only enables effective control of the length of nanotubes with high precision, but is also promising as a new nanomechanical testing technique for characterizing the mechanical properties of tubular nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - FRACTURE strength
KW  - NANOELECTROMECHANICAL systems
N1  - Accession Number: 94291867; Zheng, Meng 1,2 Chen, Xiaoming 1,2 Park, Cheol 3,4 Fay, Catharine C 5 Pugno, Nicola M 6 Ke, Changhong 1; Email Address: cke@binghamton.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA  2: These two authors contributed equally to this work.  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, I-38123, Italy; Source Info: 12/20/2013, Vol. 24 Issue 50, p505719; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: FRACTURE strength; Subject Term: NANOELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/24/50/505719
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ahlborg, Nadia L.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
T1  - Calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) reactions and degradation mechanisms of advanced environmental barrier coatings.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2013/12/25/
VL  - 237
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 87
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Abstract: The thermochemical reactions between calcium–magnesium-aluminosilicate (CMAS) based road sand and several advanced turbine engine environmental barrier coating (EBC) materials were studied. The phase stability, reaction kinetics and degradation mechanisms of rare earth (RE)-silicates Yb2SiO5 and Y2Si2O7 and RE-oxide doped HfO2 and ZrO2 under the CMAS infiltration condition at 1500°C were investigated, and the microstructure and phase characteristics of CMAS-EBC specimens were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Experimental results showed that the CMAS dissolved RE-silicates to form crystalline, highly non-stoichiometric apatite phases, and in particular attacking the silicate grain boundaries. Cross-section images show that the CMAS reacted with specimens and deeply penetrated into the EBC grain boundaries and formed extensive low-melting eutectic phases, causing grain boundary recession with increasing testing time in the silicate materials. The preliminary results also showed that CMAS reactions also formed low melting grain boundary phases in the higher concentration RE-oxide doped HfO2 systems. The effect of the test temperature on CMAS reactions of the EBC materials will also be discussed. The faster diffusion exhibited by apatite and RE-doped oxide phases and the formation of extensive grain boundary low-melting phases may limit the CMAS resistance of some of the environmental barrier coatings at high temperatures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALCIUM compounds
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - Calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate
KW  - Environmental barrier coatings
KW  - Hafnia
KW  - Ytterbium silicate
KW  - Yttrium silicate
KW  - Zirconia
N1  - Accession Number: 92728734; Ahlborg, Nadia L. 1 Zhu, Dongming 2; Email Address: Dongming.Zhu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, The Ohio State University, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Dec2013, Vol. 237, p79; Subject Term: CALCIUM compounds; Subject Term: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hafnia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ytterbium silicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yttrium silicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zirconia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.08.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Willson, D.
AU  - Rask, J.C.
AU  - George, S.C.
AU  - de Leon, P.
AU  - Bonaccorsi, R.
AU  - Blank, J.
AU  - Slocombe, J.
AU  - Silburn, K.
AU  - Steele, H.
AU  - Gargarno, M.
AU  - McKay, C.P.
T1  - The performance of field scientists undertaking observations of early life fossils while in simulated space suit.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 193
EP  - 206
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: We conducted simulated Apollo Extravehicular Activity′s (EVA) at the 3.45Ga Australian ‘Pilbara Dawn of life’ (Western Australia) trail with field and non-field scientists using the University of North Dakota′s NDX-1 pressurizable space suit to overview the effectiveness of scientist astronauts employing their field observation skills while looking for stromatolite fossil evidence. Off-world scientist astronauts will be faced with space suit limitations in vision, human sense perception, mobility, dexterity, the space suit fit, time limitations, and the psychological fear of death from accidents, causing physical fatigue reducing field science performance. Finding evidence of visible biosignatures for past life such as stromatolite fossils, on Mars, is a very significant discovery. Our preliminary overview trials showed that when in simulated EVAs, 25% stromatolite fossil evidence is missed with more incorrect identifications compared to ground truth surveys but providing quality characterization descriptions becomes less affected by simulated EVA limitations as the science importance of the features increases. Field scientists focused more on capturing high value characterization detail from the rock features whereas non-field scientists focused more on finding many features. We identified technologies and training to improve off-world field science performance. The data collected is also useful for NASA′s “EVA performance and crew health” research program requirements but further work will be required to confirm the conclusions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - FOSSILS
KW  - SPACE suits
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - WESTERN Australia
KW  - Field science
KW  - Off-world
KW  - Pilbara
KW  - Scientist astronauts
KW  - Space suit
KW  - Stromatolites
KW  - UNIVERSITY of North Dakota
N1  - Accession Number: 90311706; Willson, D. 1; Email Address: david.willson@nasa.gov Rask, J.C. 2 George, S.C. 3 de Leon, P. 4 Bonaccorsi, R. 5,6 Blank, J. 5 Slocombe, J. 7 Silburn, K. 8 Steele, H. 9 Gargarno, M. 10 McKay, C.P. 6; Affiliation:  1: KISS Institute of Practical Robotics, NASA Ames Research Center, building 245, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Dynamac Corporation, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia  4: Department of Space Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA  5: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100 Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Building 245, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Creators Orb Education and Training Consultants, 5 Hann Court, Redwood Park, SA 5097, Australia  8: Casula High School, Myall Rd, Casula, 2170 NSW, Australia  9: Wesley College, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  10: Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, Kent Street, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 93, p193; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Subject Term: FOSSILS; Subject Term: SPACE suits; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: WESTERN Australia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Off-world; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pilbara; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientist astronauts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space suit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stromatolites; Company/Entity: UNIVERSITY of North Dakota; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carrelli, David
AU  - O'Shaughnessy, Daniel
AU  - Strikwerda, Thomas
AU  - Kaidy, James
AU  - Prince, Jill
AU  - Powell, Richard
T1  - Autonomous aerobraking for low-cost interplanetary missions.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 474
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Aerobraking has previously been used to reduce the propellant required to deliver an orbiter to its desired final orbit. In principle, aerobraking should be possible around any target planet or moon having sufficient atmosphere to permit atmospheric drag to provide a portion of the mission ΔV, in lieu of supplying all of the required ΔV propulsively. The spacecraft is flown through the upper atmosphere of the target using multiple passes, ensuring that the dynamic pressure and thermal loads remain within the spacecraft's design parameters. NASA has successfully conducted aerobraking operations four times, once at Venus and three times at Mars. While aerobraking reduces the fuel required, it does so at the expense of time (typically 3–6 months), continuous Deep Space Network (DSN) coverage, and a large ground staff. These factors can result in aerobraking being a very expensive operational phase of the mission. However, aerobraking has matured to the point that much of the daily operation could potentially be performed autonomously onboard the spacecraft, thereby reducing the required ground support and attendant aerobraking related costs. To facilitate a lower-risk transition from ground processing to an autonomous capability, the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) has assembled a team of experts in aerobraking and interplanetary guidance and control to develop a high-fidelity, flight-like simulation. This simulation will be used to demonstrate the overall feasibility while exploring the potential for staff and DSN coverage reductions that autonomous aerobraking might provide. This paper reviews the various elements of autonomous aerobraking and presents an overview of the various models and algorithms that must be transformed from the current ground processing methodology to a flight-like environment. Additionally the high-fidelity flight software test bed, being developed from models used in a recent interplanetary mission, will be summarized. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - DEEP Space Network
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Aerobraking
KW  - Autonomous
KW  - GN&C
KW  - Modeling
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 90311731; Carrelli, David 1; Email Address: david.carrelli@jhuapl.edu O'Shaughnessy, Daniel 1 Strikwerda, Thomas 1 Kaidy, James 1 Prince, Jill 2 Powell, Richard 3; Affiliation:  1: The Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  3: Analytical Mechanics Associates Inc., USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 93, p467; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC braking of space vehicles; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: DEEP Space Network; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerobraking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomous; Author-Supplied Keyword: GN&C; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.10.041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ehrenfreund, P.
AU  - Ricco, A.J.
AU  - Squires, D.
AU  - Kitts, C.
AU  - Agasid, E.
AU  - Bramall, N.
AU  - Bryson, K.
AU  - Chittenden, J.
AU  - Conley, C.
AU  - Cook, A.
AU  - Mancinelli, R.
AU  - Mattioda, A.
AU  - Nicholson, W.
AU  - Quinn, R.
AU  - Santos, O.
AU  - Tahu, G.
AU  - Voytek, M.
AU  - Beasley, C.
AU  - Bica, L.
AU  - Diaz-Aguado, M.
T1  - The O/OREOS mission—Astrobiology in low Earth orbit.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 508
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: The O/OREOS (Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses) nanosatellite is the first science demonstration spacecraft and flight mission of the NASA Astrobiology Small-Payloads Program (ASP). O/OREOS was launched successfully on November 19, 2010, to a high-inclination (72°), 650-km Earth orbit aboard a US Air Force Minotaur IV rocket from Kodiak, Alaska. O/OREOS consists of 3 conjoined cubesat (each 1000cm3) modules: (i) a control bus; (ii) the Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment; and (iii) the Space Environment Viability of Organics (SEVO) experiment. Among the innovative aspects of the O/OREOS mission are a real-time analysis of the photostability of organics and biomarkers and the collection of data on the survival and metabolic activity for microorganisms at 3 times during the 6-month mission. We report on the spacecraft characteristics, payload capabilities, and present operational phase and flight data from the O/OREOS mission. The science and technology rationale of O/OREOS supports NASA′s scientific exploration program by investigating the local space environment as well as space biology relevant to Moon and Mars missions. It also serves as a precursor for experiments on small satellites, the International Space Station (ISS), future free-flyers and lunar surface exposure facilities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - LOW earth orbit satellites
KW  - NANOSATELLITES
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - Astrobiology
KW  - Cubesats
KW  - Low cost mission
KW  - O/OREOS
KW  - SESLO
KW  - SEVO
KW  - Space biology
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 90311736; Ehrenfreund, P. 1; Email Address: pehren@gwu.edu Ricco, A.J. 2 Squires, D. 2 Kitts, C. 3 Agasid, E. 2 Bramall, N. 2 Bryson, K. 4 Chittenden, J. 2 Conley, C. 5 Cook, A. 2 Mancinelli, R. 4 Mattioda, A. 2 Nicholson, W. 6 Quinn, R. 7 Santos, O. 2 Tahu, G. 5 Voytek, M. 5 Beasley, C. 2 Bica, L. 3 Diaz-Aguado, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Policy Institute, Washington DC, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Robotic Systems Laboratory, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA  5: NASA Headquarters, Washington DC, USA  6: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  7: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 93, p501; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: LOW earth orbit satellites; Subject Term: NANOSATELLITES; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cubesats; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low cost mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: O/OREOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: SESLO; Author-Supplied Keyword: SEVO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.09.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90311736&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, David J.
AU  - Pencil, Eric
AU  - Vento, Daniel
AU  - Peterson, Todd
AU  - Dankanich, John
AU  - Hahne, David
AU  - Munk, Michelle M.
T1  - Products from NASA's in-space propulsion technology program applicable to low-cost planetary missions.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 516
EP  - 523
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: Since September 2001, NASA's In-Space Propulsion Technology (ISPT) program has been developing technologies for lowering the cost of planetary science missions. Recently completed is the high-temperature Advanced Material Bipropellant Rocket (AMBR) engine providing higher performance for lower cost. Two other cost saving technologies nearing completion are the NEXT ion thruster and the Aerocapture technology project. Under development are several technologies for low-cost sample return missions. These include a low-cost Hall-effect thruster (HIVHAC) which will be completed in 2011, light-weight propellant tanks, and a Multi-Mission Earth Entry Vehicle (MMEEV). This paper will discuss the status of the technology development, the cost savings or performance benefits, and applicability of these in-space propulsion technologies to NASA's future Discovery, and New Frontiers missions, as well as their relevance for sample return missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - COST effectiveness
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - Aerocapture
KW  - Chemical propulsion
KW  - Electric propulsion
KW  - Entry vehicles
KW  - Trajectory tools
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 90311738; Anderson, David J. 1; Email Address: David.J.Anderson@nasa.gov Pencil, Eric 1; Email Address: Eric.J.Pencil@nasa.gov Vento, Daniel 1; Email Address: Daniel.M.Vento@nasa.gov Peterson, Todd 1; Email Address: Todd.T.Peterson@nasa.gov Dankanich, John 2; Email Address: John.Dankanich@nasa.gov Hahne, David 3; Email Address: David.E.Hahne@nasa.gov Munk, Michelle M. 3; Email Address: Michelle.M.Munk@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, S Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Gray Research Inc., 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, 1 North Dryden Street, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 93, p516; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: COST effectiveness; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerocapture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entry vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trajectory tools; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.07.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90311738&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Washburn, S.A.
AU  - Blattnig, S.R.
AU  - Singleterry, R.C.
AU  - Westover, S.C.
T1  - Analytical-HZETRN model for rapid assessment of active magnetic radiation shielding.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 17
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The use of active radiation shielding designs has the potential to reduce the radiation exposure received by astronauts on deep-space missions at a significantly lower mass penalty than designs utilizing only passive shielding. Unfortunately, the determination of the radiation exposure inside these shielded environments often involves lengthy and computationally intensive Monte Carlo analysis. In order to evaluate the large trade space of design parameters associated with a magnetic radiation shield design, an analytical model was developed for the determination of flux inside a solenoid magnetic field due to the Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR) radiation environment. This analytical model was then coupled with NASA’s radiation transport code, HZETRN, to account for the effects of passive/structural shielding mass. The resulting model can rapidly obtain results for a given configuration and can therefore be used to analyze an entire trade space of potential variables in less time than is required for even a single Monte Carlo run. Analyzing this trade space for a solenoid magnetic shield design indicates that active shield bending powers greater than ∼15Tm and passive/structural shielding thicknesses greater than 40g/cm2 have a limited impact on reducing dose equivalent values. Also, it is shown that higher magnetic field strengths are more effective than thicker magnetic fields at reducing dose equivalent. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - MAGNETIC shielding
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - MAGNETIC flux density
KW  - Active shielding
KW  - Dose equivalent
KW  - GCR
KW  - Magnetic shielding
KW  - Radiation exposure
KW  - Space radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 92900465; Washburn, S.A. 1; Email Address: scott.a.washburn@colorado.edu Blattnig, S.R. 2 Singleterry, R.C. 2 Westover, S.C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0431, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058-3696, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p8; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: MAGNETIC shielding; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: MAGNETIC flux density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dose equivalent; Author-Supplied Keyword: GCR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space radiation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2013.09.038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92900465&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - King, Rudolph A.
AU  - Andino, Marlyn Y.
AU  - Melton, Latunia
AU  - Eppink, Jenna
AU  - Kegerise, Michael A.
T1  - Flow Disturbance Measurements in the National Transonic Facility.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 116
EP  - 130
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Recent flow measurements have been acquired in the National Transonic Facility to assess the test-section unsteady flow environment. The primary purpose of the test is to determine the feasibility of the facility to conduct laminar-flow-control testing and boundary-layer transition-sensitive testing at flight-relevant operating conditions throughout the transonic Mach number range. The facility can operate in two modes, warm and cryogenic test conditions for testing full and semispan-scaled models. Data were acquired for Mach and unit Reynolds numbers ranging from 0.2 ≤ M ≤ 095 and 3.3 x 106 < Re/m < 220 x 106 collectively at air and cryogenic conditions. Measurements were made in the test section using a survey rake that was populated with 19 probes. Roll polar data at selected conditions were obtained to look at the uniformity of the flow disturbance field in the test section. Data acquired included mean total temperatures, mean and fluctuating static/total pressures, and mean and fluctuating hot-wire measurements. This paper focuses primarily on the unsteady pressure and hot-wire results. Based on the current measurements and previous data, an assessment was made that the facility may be a suitable facility for ground-based demonstrations of laminar-flow technologies at flight-relevant conditions in the cryogenic mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FEASIBILITY studies
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 93985536; King, Rudolph A. 1; Email Address: a.king@nasa.gov Andino, Marlyn Y. 1 Melton, Latunia 1 Eppink, Jenna 1 Kegerise, Michael A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p116; Subject Term: FEASIBILITY studies; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052429
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93985536&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, W. L.
AU  - Plachta, D. W.
AU  - Rhys, N. O.
AU  - Kelly, A. O.
T1  - Temperature Matching of Multilayer Insulation to Penetrations.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 1573
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 499
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - To accurately predict the heat load into a cryogenic tank or cold mass which includes multilayer insulation (MLI), heat loads other than just through the pristine MLI must be accounted for. One such type of heat load is the integration of the MLI system around penetrations. While a number of different methods that have been developed, the ideal solution would be one in which there are zero thermal losses due to the integration. Theoretically, the be st method to achieving zero integration losses is to match the individual MLI temperature layers with the corresponding penetration location having the same temperature; this method is known as temperature matching. Recently, NASA has employed temperature matching integration of multilayer insulation systems onto several different cryogenic tanks with different structural elements and attachments. T esting included the Methane Lunar Surface Thermal Control testing at Glenn Research Center, the CRYOTE Ground Test Article testing at Marshall Space Flight Center, and the Penetration Calorimetery work done at Kennedy Space Center. Each test was instrumented to determine the effects of temperature matching within MLI and each system was designed in a different manner. The testing showed that temperature matching can indeed produce nearly zero thermal losses. However, our findings show that there are many practical limitations to this approach. Temperature matching integration schemes were found to be very sensitive to thermal environmental changes and even tank liquid level changes. The approach is therefore considered useful only for a select few cases and not useful for most engineering applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - THERMOPHYSICAL properties
KW  - CALORIMETERS
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - Multilayer Insulation
KW  - Structural Integration
KW  - JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center
N1  - Accession Number: 94257870; Johnson, W. L. 1 Plachta, D. W. 2 Rhys, N. O. 3 Kelly, A. O. 1; Affiliation:  1: Cryogenics Test Laboratory, Kennedy Space Center, Florida, 32899, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, USA  3: Yetispace, Inc, Huntsville, Alabama, 35802, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 1573, p493; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Subject Term: CALORIMETERS; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multilayer Insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural Integration; Company/Entity: JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4860741
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94257870&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pathak, M. G.
AU  - Helvensteijn, B. P.
AU  - Patel, V. C.
AU  - Ghiaasiaan, S. M.
AU  - Mulcahey, T. I.
AU  - Kashani, A.
AU  - Feller, J. R.
T1  - Hydrodynamic Resistance Parameters for ErPr Rare-Earth Regenerator Material under Steady and Periodic Flow Conditions.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 1573
M3  - Article
SP  - 555
EP  - 561
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The regenerator, typically a microporous structure that is subject to periodic flow of a cryogenic fluid, is a critical component of pulse tube or Stirling cryocoolers, which are widely used for high-demand aerospace and defense applications. In this investigation, experiments were conducted in which steady and oscillatory flows of helium were imposed on ErPr rare-Earth regenerator filler material and mass flow and pressure drop data were recorded under ambient temperature conditions. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-assisted method was applied for the analysis and interpretation of the experimental data. The permeability and inertial coefficients that lead to agreement between the experimental data and computational simulations were iteratively obtained. The Darcy permeability and Forchheimer inertial coefficients were obtained and were found to be functions of the system charge pressure, operating frequency, and compressor piston stroke within the studied range of interest. The results also exhibit that the periodic flow hydrodynamic resistance parameters are in general different than steady flow parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - RARE earth metal compounds
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - CRYOGENIC fluids
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - CFD
KW  - Cryocooler
KW  - Cryogenic Physics
KW  - Darcy Permeability
KW  - ErPr Rare-Earth
KW  - Forchheimer Inertial
KW  - Hydrodynamic Resistance
KW  - Oscillatory Flow
KW  - Periodic Flow
KW  - Porous Media
KW  - Pulse Tube
KW  - Regenerator
KW  - Steady Flow
N1  - Accession Number: 94257879; Pathak, M. G. 1 Helvensteijn, B. P. 2 Patel, V. C. 1 Ghiaasiaan, S. M. 1 Mulcahey, T. I. 1 Kashani, A. 2 Feller, J. R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Tech Cryo Lab, George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA  2: Atlas Scientific, San Jose, CA 95120 USA  3: Cryogenics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 1573, p555; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: RARE earth metal compounds; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC fluids; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryocooler; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic Physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Darcy Permeability; Author-Supplied Keyword: ErPr Rare-Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forchheimer Inertial; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrodynamic Resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oscillatory Flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Periodic Flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous Media; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulse Tube; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regenerator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Steady Flow; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4860750
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94257879&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kashani, Ali
AU  - Ponizhovskaya, Ekaterina
AU  - Luchinsky, Dmitry
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim
AU  - Sass, Jared
AU  - Brown, Barbara
AU  - Patterson-Hine, Anna
T1  - Physics Based Model for Online Fault Detection in Autonomous Cryogenic Loading System.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 1573
M3  - Article
SP  - 1305
EP  - 1310
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We report the progress in the development of the chilldown model for a rapid cryogenic loading system developed at NASA-Kennedy Space Center. The nontrivial characteristic feature of the analyzed chilldown regime is its active control by dump valves. The two-phase flow model of the chilldown is approximated as one-dimensional homogeneous fluid flow with no slip condition for the interphase velocity. The model is built using commercial SINDA/FLUINT software. The results of numerical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental time traces. The obtained results pave the way to the application of the SINDA/FLUINT model as a verification tool for the design and algorithm development required for autonomous loading operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - LOADING & unloading
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - FLOW velocity
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center
N1  - Accession Number: 94257985; Kashani, Ali 1 Ponizhovskaya, Ekaterina 2 Luchinsky, Dmitry 3 Smelyanskiy, Vadim 4 Sass, Jared 5 Brown, Barbara 5 Patterson-Hine, Anna 4; Affiliation:  1: Atlas Scientific, San Jose, MD, USA  2: SGT, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Mission Critical Technologies, Inc., El Segundo, CA, USA  4: Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Kennedy Space Center, NASA, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 1573, p1305; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: LOADING & unloading; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: FLOW velocity; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4860857
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94257985&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fesmire, J. E.
AU  - Tomsik, T. M.
AU  - Bonner, T.
AU  - Oliveira, J. M.
AU  - Conyers, H. J.
AU  - Johnson, W. L.
AU  - Notardonato, W. U.
T1  - Integrated Heat Exchanger Design for a Cryogenic Storage Tank.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 1573
M3  - Article
SP  - 1365
EP  - 1372
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Field demonstrations of liquid hydrogen technology will be undertaken for the proliferation of advanced methods and applications in the use of cryofuels. Advancements in the use of cryofuels for transportation on Earth, from Earth, or in space are envisioned for automobiles, aircraft, rockets, and spacecraft. These advancements rely on practical ways of storage, transfer, and handling of liquid hydrogen. Focusing on storage, an integrated heat exchanger system has been designed for incorporation with an existing storage tank and a reverse Brayton cycle helium refrigerator of capacity 850 watts at 20 K. The storage tank is a 125,000-liter capacity horizontal cylindrical tank, with vacuum jacket and multilayer insulation, and a small 0.6-meter diameter manway opening. Addressed are the specific design challenges associated with the small opening, complete modularity, pressure systems re-certification for lower temperature and pressure service associated with hydrogen densification, and a large 8:1 length-to-diameter ratio for distribution of the cryogenic refrigeration. The approach, problem solving, and system design and analysis for integrated heat exchanger are detailed and discussed. Implications for future space launch facilities are also identified. The objective of the field demonstration will be to test various zero-loss and densified cryofuel handling concepts for future transportation applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT exchangers -- Design & construction
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - STORAGE tanks
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - cryocooler
KW  - cryofuels
KW  - densified propellants
KW  - heat exchanger
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - refrigeration
N1  - Accession Number: 94257993; Fesmire, J. E. 1 Tomsik, T. M. 2 Bonner, T. 1 Oliveira, J. M. 1 Conyers, H. J. 3 Johnson, W. L. 1 Notardonato, W. U. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Kennedy Space Center, Cryogenics Test Laboratory, NE-F6, KSC, FL 32899 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  3: NASA Stennis Space Center, Building 3225, SSC, MS 39529 USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 1573, p1365; Subject Term: HEAT exchangers -- Design & construction; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: STORAGE tanks; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: REFRIGERATION & refrigerating machinery; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: cryocooler; Author-Supplied Keyword: cryofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: densified propellants; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat exchanger; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: refrigeration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423740 Refrigeration Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333415 Air-Conditioning and Warm Air Heating Equipment and Commercial and Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 3 Diagrams, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4860865
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94257993&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin, Rodney A.
AU  - Poll, Scott
T1  - Energy Analysis of Multi-Function Devices in an Office Environment.
JO  - ASHRAE Transactions
JF  - ASHRAE Transactions
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 120
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - ASHRAE
SN  - 00012505
AB  - As part of an effort to monitor electricity usage by plug loads in a new high performance office building, plug load management devices were deployed to enable data collection, analysis, and active control of plug loads. We used a Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) plug load management system to capture relevant data for two different types of multi-function devices (MFDs) in the facility, one of which was tested for use with different power settings. This enabled a quantitative analysis to assess impacts on energy consumption. It was found that a projected 65% reduction in annual energy consumption would result by using a newer, Energy Star compliant model of MFD, and an additional projected 39% reduction in annual energy consumption would result by subsequently changing the time-to-sleep for that MFD. It was also found that it may be beneficial to apply automated analysis with anomaly detection algorithms to detect problems with MFD performance, such as a failure to go to sleep mode or variations in sleep power draw. Furthermore, we observed that energy savings realized by using plug load management devices to de-energize (unplug) MFDs during non-business hours depends on the sleep power draw and time-to-sleep setting. For the MFDs in this study with settings established per the maintenance contract (which were different than factory default values), turning the device off at night and then on in the morning used more energy than leaving it on in sleep mode due to the start-up behavior and excessive time-to-sleep setting of four hours. From this and other assessments, we offer these recommendations to building occupants: reduce MFD time-to-sleep, encourage employees to use the power save button, and apply automated analysis to detect problems with device performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ASHRAE Transactions is the property of ASHRAE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OFFICE buildings -- Energy consumption
KW  - ELECTRICITY
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis
KW  - BUILDINGS -- Maintenance
N1  - Accession Number: 96045485; Martin, Rodney A. 1 Poll, Scott 2; Affiliation:  1: Researcher in the Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Deputy lead for the Diagnostics and Prognostics Group in the Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 120 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: OFFICE buildings -- Energy consumption; Subject Term: ELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis; Subject Term: BUILDINGS -- Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561720 Janitorial Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561722 Janitorial services (except window cleaning); NAICS/Industry Codes: 236220 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - La Duc, Myron T.
AU  - Venkateswaran, Kasthuri
AU  - Conley, Catharine A.
T1  - A Genetic Inventory of Spacecraft and Associated Surfaces.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 23
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Terrestrial organisms or other contaminants that are transported to Mars could interfere with efforts to study the potential for indigenous martian life. Similarly, contaminants that make the round-trip to Mars and back to Earth could compromise the ability to discriminate an authentic martian biosignature from a terrestrial organism. For this reason, it is important to develop a comprehensive inventory of microbes that are present on spacecraft to avoid interpreting their traces as authentic extraterrestrial biosignatures. Culture-based methods are currently used by NASA to assess spacecraft cleanliness but deliberately detect only a very small subset of total organisms present. The National Research Council has recommended that molecular (DNA)-based identification techniques should be developed as one aspect of managing the risk that terrestrial contamination could interfere with detection of life on (or returned from) Mars. The current understanding of the microbial diversity associated with spacecraft and clean room surfaces is expanding, but the capability to generate a comprehensive inventory of the microbial populations present on spacecraft outbound from Earth would address multiple considerations in planetary protection, relevant to both robotic and human missions. To this end, a 6-year genetic inventory study was undertaken by a NASA/JPL team. It was completed in 2012 and included delivery of a publicly available comprehensive final report. The genetic inventory study team evaluated the utility of three analytical technologies (conventional cloning techniques, PhyloChip DNA microarrays, and 454 tag-pyrosequencing) and combined them with a systematic methodology to collect, process, and archive nucleic acids as the first steps in assessing the phylogenetic breadth of microorganisms on spacecraft and associated surfaces. Key Words: Planetary protection-Genetic inventory-Microbial diversity-PhyloChip-454 tag-encoded pyrosequencing-16S rRNA gene-Microbial monitoring-Environmental monitoring. Astrobiology 14, 15-23. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SPACE microbiology
KW  - MICROBIAL diversity
KW  - DNA microarrays
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 93718857; La Duc, Myron T. Venkateswaran, Kasthuri 1 Conley, Catharine A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.  2: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC.; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p15; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE microbiology; Subject Term: MICROBIAL diversity; Subject Term: DNA microarrays; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.0966
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thi, W.-F.
AU  - Pinte, C.
AU  - Pantin, E.
AU  - Augereau, J. C.
AU  - Meeus, G.
AU  - Ménard, F.
AU  - Martin-Zaïdi, C.
AU  - Woitke, P.
AU  - Riviere-Marichalar, P.
AU  - Kamp, I.
AU  - Carmona, A.
AU  - Sandell, G.
AU  - Eiroa, C.
AU  - Dent, W.
AU  - Montesinos, B.
AU  - Aresu, G.
AU  - Meijerink, R.
AU  - Spaans, M.
AU  - White, G.
AU  - Ardila, D.
T1  - Gas lines from the 5-Myr old optically thin disk around HD141569A.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 561
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The gas- and dust dissipation processes in disks around young stars remain uncertain despite numerous studies. At the distance of ~99-116 pc, HD141569A is one of the nearest HerbigAe stars that is surrounded by a tenuous disk, probably in transition between a massive primordial disk and a debris disk. Atomic and molecular gases have been found in the structured 5-Myr old HD141569A disk, making HD141569A the perfect object within which to directly study the gaseous atomic and molecular component. Aims. We wish to constrain the gas and dust mass in the disk around HD141569A. Methods. We observed the fine-structure lines of Oi at 63 and 145 μm and the Cii line at 157 μm with the PACS instrument onboard the Herschel Space Telescope as part of the open-time large program GASPS. We complemented the atomic line observations with archival Spitzer spectroscopic and photometric continuum data, a ground-based VLT-VISIR image at 8.6 μm, and 12CO fundamental ro-vibrational and pure rotational J = 3-2 observations. We simultaneously modeled the continuum emission and the line fluxes with the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code MCFOST and the thermo-chemical code ProDiMo to derive the disk gas- and dust properties assuming no dust settling. Results: The models suggest that the oxygen lines are emitted from the inner disk around HD 141569A, whereas the [C ii] line emission is more extended. The CO submillimeter flux is emitted mostly by the outer disk. Simultaneous modeling of the photometric and line data using a realistic disk structure suggests a dust mass derived from grains with a radius smaller than 1 mm of ~2.1 × 10-7M⊙ and from grains with a radius of up to 1 cm of 4.9 × 10-6M⊙. We constrained the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) mass to be between 2 × 10-11 and 1.4 × 10-10M⊙ assuming circumcircumcoronene (C150H30) as the representative PAH. The associated PAH abundance relative to hydrogen is lower than those found in the interstellar medium (3 × 10-7) by two to three orders of magnitude. The disk around HD 141569A is less massive in gas (2.5 to 4.9 × 10-4M⊙ or 67 to 164 M⊕) and has a flat opening angle (<10%). Conclusions. We constrained simultaneously the silicate dust grain, PAH, and gas mass in a ~5-Myr old Herbig Ae disk. The diskaveraged gas-to-dust-mass is most likely around 100, which is the assumed value at the disk formation despite the uncertainties due to disagreements between the different gas tracers. If the disk was originally massive, the gas and the dust would have dissipated at the same rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - protoplanetary disks
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
N1  - Accession Number: 94230356; Thi, W.-F. 1; Email Address: Wing-Fai.Thi@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr Pinte, C. 1 Pantin, E. 2 Augereau, J. C. 1 Meeus, G. 3 Ménard, F. 1,4 Martin-Zaïdi, C. 1 Woitke, P. 5 Riviere-Marichalar, P. 6 Kamp, I. 6 Carmona, A. 1 Sandell, G. 7 Eiroa, C. 3 Dent, W. 8 Montesinos, B. 3 Aresu, G. 6 Meijerink, R. 6 Spaans, M. 6 White, G. 9,10 Ardila, D. 11; Affiliation:  1: UJF-Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique (IPAG) UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France  2: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM - CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, IRFU/SAP, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  3: Dep. de Física Teórica, Fac. de Ciencias, UAM Campus Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain  4: UMI - LFCA, CNRS / INSU France, and Dept. de Astronomia y Obs. Astronomico Nacional, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 36-D, Correo Central, Santiago, Chile (UMI 3386)  5: SUPA, School of Physics & Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9SS, UK  6: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  7: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N211-3, Building N211/Rm. 249, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: ALMA, Avda Apoquindo 3846, Piso 19, Edificio Alsacia, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile  9: Astrophysics Group, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Open University, UK  10: RAL Space, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK  11: NASA Herschel Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 561, p1; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201322150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sanromá, E.
AU  - Pallé, E.
AU  - Parenteau, M. N.
AU  - Kiang, N. Y.
AU  - Gutiérrez-Navarro, A. M.
AU  - López, R.
AU  - Montañés-Rodríguez, P.
T1  - CHARACTERIZING THE PURPLE EARTH: MODELING THE GLOBALLY INTEGRATED SPECTRAL VARIABILITY OF THE ARCHEAN EARTH.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/01//1/1/2014
VL  - 780
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 52
EP  - 62
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Ongoing searches for exoplanetary systems have revealed a wealth of planets with diverse physical properties. Planets even smaller than the Earth have already been detected and the efforts of future missions are aimed at the discovery, and perhaps characterization, of small rocky exoplanets within the habitable zone of their stars. Clearly, what we know about our planet will be our guideline for the characterization of such planets. However, the Earth has been inhabited for at least 3.8 Gyr and its appearance has changed with time. Here, we have studied the Earth during the Archean eon, 3.0 Gyr ago. At that time, one of the more widespread life forms on the planet was purple bacteria. These bacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms and can inhabit both aquatic and terrestrial environments. Here, we use a radiative transfer model to simulate the visible and near-infrared radiation reflected by our planet, taking into account several scenarios regarding the possible distribution of purple bacteria over continents and oceans. We find that purple bacteria have a reflectance spectrum that has a strong reflectivity increase, similar to the red edge of leafy plants, although shifted redward. This feature produces a detectable signal in the disk-averaged spectra of our planet, depending on cloud amount and purple bacteria concentration/distribution. We conclude that by using multi-color photometric observations, it is possible to distinguish between an Archean Earth in which purple bacteria inhabit vast extensions of the planet and a present-day Earth with continents covered by deserts, vegetation, or microbial mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - MATTER -- Properties
N1  - Accession Number: 94289953; Sanromá, E. 1,2 Pallé, E. 1,2 Parenteau, M. N. 3,4; Email Address: mesr@iac.es Kiang, N. Y. 5 Gutiérrez-Navarro, A. M. 6 López, R. 1,2 Montañés-Rodríguez, P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Vía Láctea s/n E-38200, La Laguna, Spain  2: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  5: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, USA  6: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of La Laguna, ES-38206 La Laguna, Spain; Source Info: 1/1/2014, Vol. 780 Issue 1, p52; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: MATTER -- Properties; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/52
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leggett, S. K.
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Dupuy, Trent J.
AU  - Morley, Caroline V.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Saumon, D.
T1  - RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE T8.5 AND Y0-0.5 BINARY WISEPC J121756.91+162640.2AB.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/01//1/1/2014
VL  - 780
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 69
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present 0.9-2.5 μm resolved spectra for the ultracool binary WISEPC J121756.91+162640.2AB. The system consists of a pair of brown dwarfs that straddles the currently defined T/Y spectral type boundary. We use synthetic spectra generated by model atmospheres that include chloride and sulfide clouds (Morley et al.), the distance to the system (Dupuy & Kraus), and the radius of each component based on evolutionary models (Saumon & Marley) to determine a probable range of physical properties for the binary. The effective temperature of the T8.5 primary is 550-600 K and that of the Y0-Y0.5 secondary is ≈450 K. The atmospheres of both components are either free of clouds or have extremely thin cloud layers. We find that the masses of the primary and secondary are 30 and 22 MJup, respectively, and that the age of the system is 4-8 Gyr. This age is consistent with astrometric measurements (Dupuy & Kraus) that show that the system has kinematics intermediate between those of the thin and thick disks of the Galaxy. An older age is also consistent with an indication by the H – K colors that the system is slightly metal poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - NEMESIS (Star)
N1  - Accession Number: 94289965; Leggett, S. K. 1; Email Address: sleggett@gemini.edu Liu, Michael C. 2 Dupuy, Trent J. 3 Morley, Caroline V. 4 Marley, M. S. 5 Saumon, D. 6; Affiliation:  1: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  3: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, MS 9, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: 1/1/2014, Vol. 780 Issue 1, p62; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: NEMESIS (Star); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/62
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flück, Martin
AU  - Li, Ruowei
AU  - Valdivieso, Paola
AU  - Linnehan, Richard M.
AU  - Castells, Josiane
AU  - Tesch, Per
AU  - Gustafsson, Thomas
T1  - Early Changes in Costameric and Mitochondrial Protein Expression with Unloading Are Muscle Specific.
JO  - BioMed Research International
JF  - BioMed Research International
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 2014
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Hindawi Publishing Corporation
SN  - 23146133
AB  - mitochondria, contributes to the early adaptations of antigravity muscle to unloading and would depend on muscle fibre composition and chymotrypsin activity of the proteasome. Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis (VL) and soleus (SOL) muscles of eight men before and after 3 days of unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS) and subjected to fibre typing and measures for costameric (FAK and FRNK), mitochondrial (NDUFA9, SDHA, UQCRC1, UCP3, and ATP5A1), and MHCI protein and RNA content.Mean cross-sectional area (MCSA) of types I and II muscle fibres in VL and type I fibres in SOL demonstrated a trend for a reduction after ULLS (0.05 ⩽ P < 0.10). FAK phosphorylation at tyrosine 397 showed a 20% reduction in VLmuscle (P = 0.029). SOL muscle demonstrated a specific reduction in UCP3 content (-23%; P = 0.012). Muscle-specific effects of ULLS were identified for linear relationships between measured proteins, chymotrypsin activity and fibre MCSA.Themolecular modifications in costamere turnover and energy homoeostasis identify that aspects of atrophy and fibre transformation are detectable at the protein level in weight-bearing muscles within 3 days of unloading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BioMed Research International is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 100579488; Flück, Martin 1,2; Email Address: mflueck@research.balgrist.ch Li, Ruowei 3 Valdivieso, Paola 1 Linnehan, Richard M. 4 Castells, Josiane 5 Tesch, Per 6,7 Gustafsson, Thomas 8; Affiliation:  1: Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Switzerland  2: Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Balgrist University Hospital, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland  3: Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  5: Laboratoire de Physiologie de l'Exercice, EA4338, Faculté de Médecine, Université Jean-Monnet, Saint Etienne Cedex, France  6: Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden  7: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden  8: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Clinical Physiology Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 2014, p1; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2014/519310
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100579488&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Solomon, José
AU  - Chung, Peter
AU  - Srivastava, Deepak
AU  - Darve, Eric
T1  - Method and advantages of genetic algorithms in parameterization of interatomic potentials: Metal oxides.
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 81
M3  - Article
SP  - 453
EP  - 465
SN  - 09270256
AB  - Highlights: [•] GA method capable of optimization of force field using data from multiple phases. [•] Global optimization in the presence of multiple local minima in parameter space. [•] Facilitates re-optimization of the whole system as more data is made available. [•] Accurate material characterization of metal oxide BTO based on novel parameterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - PARAMETERIZATION
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - Barium titanate
KW  - Genetic algorithms
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Perovskite metal oxide
KW  - Shell model potential
N1  - Accession Number: 91971126; Solomon, José 1; Email Address: jose.e.solomon@gmail.com Chung, Peter 2 Srivastava, Deepak 3 Darve, Eric 1; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, CA, United States  2: US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 81, p453; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: PARAMETERIZATION; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Barium titanate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetic algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Perovskite metal oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shell model potential; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2013.08.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper, George
AU  - Horz, Friedrich
AU  - Spees, Alanna
AU  - Chang, Sherwood
T1  - Highly stable meteoritic organic compounds as markers of asteroidal delivery.
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 385
M3  - Article
SP  - 206
EP  - 215
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: Multiple missions to search for water-soluble organic compounds on the surfaces of Solar System bodies are either current or planned and, if such compounds were found, it would be desirable to determine their origin(s). Asteroid or comet material is likely to have been components of all surface environments throughout Solar System history. To simulate the survival of meteoritic compounds both during impacts with planetary surfaces and under subsequent (possibly) harsh ambient conditions, we subjected known meteoritic compounds to comparatively high impact–shock pressures (>30 GPa) and/or to extremely oxidizing/corrosive acid solution. Consistent with past impact experiments, α-amino acids survived only at trace levels above ∼18 GPa. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) survived at levels of 4–8% at a shock pressure of 36 GPa. Lower molecular weight sulfonic and phosphonic acids (S&P) had the highest degree of impact survival of all tested compounds at higher pressures. Oxidation of compounds was done with a 3:1 mixture of HCl:HNO3, a solution that generates additional strong oxidants such as Cl2 and NOCl. Upon oxidation, keto acids and α-amino acids were the most labile compounds with proline as a significant exception. Some fraction of the other compounds, including non-α amino acids and dicarboxylic acids, were stable during 16–18 hours of oxidation. However, S&P quantitatively survived several months (at least) under the same conditions. Such results begin to build a profile of the more robust meteoritic compounds: those that may have survived, i.e., may be found in, the more hostile Solar System environments. In the search for organic compounds, one current mission, NASAʼs Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), will use analytical procedures similar to those of this study and those employed previously on Earth to identify many of the compounds described in this work. The current results may thus prove to be directly relevant to potential findings of MSL and other missions designed for extraterrestrial organic analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PHOSPHONIC acids
KW  - amino acids
KW  - impact experiments
KW  - meteorites
KW  - oxidation
KW  - phosphonic
KW  - sulfonic
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 92654572; Cooper, George 1; Email Address: george.cooper@nasa.gov Horz, Friedrich 2 Spees, Alanna 3 Chang, Sherwood 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA–Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 385, p206; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PHOSPHONIC acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: amino acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: impact experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: phosphonic; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfonic; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92654572&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, Randy L.
AU  - Bryg, Victoria M.
AU  - Huang, Chung-Hsuan
T1  - Insights into the combustion chemistry within a gas-turbine driven auxiliary power unit as a function of fuel type and power level using soot nanostructure as a tracer.
JO  - Fuel
JF  - Fuel
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 115
M3  - Article
SP  - 282
EP  - 287
SN  - 00162361
AB  - Highlights: [•] Oxygenates as fuel additives introduce partial premixing. [•] Soot nanostructure varies with partial premixing level, yet fuel-rich. [•] Curvature in soot nanostructure arises from chemical pathways involving C5 species. [•] 1-D spray mixing calculations support experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fuel is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - FUEL -- Additives
KW  - OXYGENATED diesel fuels
KW  - THERMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - Curvature
KW  - Fullerenic
KW  - HRTEM
KW  - Nanostructure
KW  - Soot
N1  - Accession Number: 90636993; Vander Wal, Randy L. 1; Email Address: ruv12@psu.edu Bryg, Victoria M. 2 Huang, Chung-Hsuan 1; Affiliation:  1: John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and the EMS Energy Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States  2: The NCSER c/o USRA at The NASA-Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 115, p282; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: FUEL -- Additives; Subject Term: OXYGENATED diesel fuels; Subject Term: THERMOCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curvature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fullerenic; Author-Supplied Keyword: HRTEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanostructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.fuel.2013.07.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=90636993&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Puente-Sánchez, F.
AU  - Moreno-Paz, M.
AU  - Rivas, L. A.
AU  - Cruz-Gil, P.
AU  - García-Villadangos, M.
AU  - Gómez, M. J.
AU  - Postigo, M.
AU  - Garrido, P.
AU  - González-Toril, E.
AU  - Briones, C.
AU  - Fernández-Remolar, D.
AU  - Stoker, C.
AU  - Amils, R.
AU  - Parro, V.
T1  - Deep subsurface sulfate reduction and methanogenesis in the Iberian Pyrite Belt revealed through geochemistry and molecular biomarkers.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 47
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - The Iberian Pyrite Belt ( IPB, southwest of Spain), the largest known massive sulfide deposit, fuels a rich chemolithotrophic microbial community in the Río Tinto area. However, the geomicrobiology of its deep subsurface is still unexplored. Herein, we report on the geochemistry and prokaryotic diversity in the subsurface (down to a depth of 166 m) of the Iberian Pyritic belt using an array of geochemical and complementary molecular ecology techniques. Using an antibody microarray, we detected polymeric biomarkers (lipoteichoic acids and peptidoglycan) from Gram-positive bacteria throughout the borehole. DNA microarray hybridization confirmed the presence of members of methane oxidizers, sulfate-reducers, metal and sulfur oxidizers, and methanogenic Euryarchaeota. DNA sequences from denitrifying and hydrogenotrophic bacteria were also identified. FISH hybridization revealed live bacterial clusters associated with microniches on mineral surfaces. These results, together with measures of the geochemical parameters in the borehole, allowed us to create a preliminary scheme of the biogeochemical processes that could be operating in the deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt, including microbial metabolisms such as sulfate reduction, methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYRITES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SULFATE-reducing bacteria
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - METHANE -- Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 92866929; Puente-Sánchez, F. 1 Moreno-Paz, M. 1 Rivas, L. A. 1 Cruz-Gil, P. 1 García-Villadangos, M. 1 Gómez, M. J. 1 Postigo, M. 1 Garrido, P. 1 González-Toril, E. 2 Briones, C. 1 Fernández-Remolar, D. 2 Stoker, C. 3 Amils, R. 2,4 Parro, V. 1; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC)  2: Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC)  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: Centro de Biología Molecular 'Severo Oochoa' (UAM-CSIC), Cantoblanco; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p34; Subject Term: PYRITES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SULFATE-reducing bacteria; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: METHANE -- Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12065
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92866929&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jahnke, L. L.
AU  - Turk-Kubo, K. A.
AU  - N. Parenteau, M.
AU  - Green, S. J.
AU  - Kubo, M. D.Y.
AU  - Vogel, M.
AU  - Summons, R. E.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
T1  - Molecular and lipid biomarker analysis of a gypsum-hosted endoevaporitic microbial community.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 12
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 82
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Modern evaporitic microbial ecosystems are important analogs for understanding the record of earliest life on Earth. Although mineral-depositing shallow-marine environments were prevalent during the Precambrian, few such environments are now available today for study. We investigated the molecular and lipid biomarker composition of an endoevaporitic gypsarenite microbial mat community in Guerrero Negro, Mexico. The 16 S ribosomal RNA gene-based phylogenetic analyses of this mat corroborate prior observations indicating that characteristic layered microbial communities colonize gypsum deposits world-wide despite considerable textural and morphological variability. Membrane fatty acid analysis of the surface tan/orange and lower green mat crust layers indicated cell densities of 1.6 × 109 and 4.2 × 109 cells cm−3, respectively. Several biomarker fatty acids, ∆7,10-hexadecadienoic, iso-heptadecenoic, 10-methylhexadecanoic, and a ∆12-methyloctadecenoic, correlated well with distributions of Euhalothece, Stenotrophomonas, Desulfohalobium, and Rhodobacterales, respectively, revealed by the phylogenetic analyses. Chlorophyll ( Chl) a and cyanobacterial phylotypes were present at all depths in the mat. Bacteriochlorophyl ( Bchl) a and Bchl c were first detected in the oxic-anoxic transition zone and increased with depth. A series of monomethylalkanes ( MMA), 8-methylhexadecane, 8-methylheptadecane, and 9-methyloctadecane were present in the surface crust but increased in abundance in the lower anoxic layers. The MMA structures are similar to those identified previously in cultures of the marine Chloroflexus-like organism ' Candidatus Chlorothrix halophila' gen. nov., sp. nov., and may represent the Bchl c community. Novel 3-methylhopanoids were identified in cultures of marine purple non-sulfur bacteria and serve as a probable biomarker for this group in the lower anoxic purple and olive-black layers. Together microbial culture and environmental analyses support novel sources for lipid biomarkers in gypsum crust mats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LIPIDS -- Analysis
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Precambrian
N1  - Accession Number: 92866926; Jahnke, L. L. 1 Turk-Kubo, K. A. 2 N. Parenteau, M. 1,2 Green, S. J. 1 Kubo, M. D.Y. 2 Vogel, M. 1 Summons, R. E. 3 Des Marais, D. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center  2: SETI Institute  3: EAPS Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p62; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LIPIDS -- Analysis; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology -- Precambrian; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12068
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92866926&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taeyoung Choi
AU  - Xiaoxiong Xiong
AU  - Zhipeng Wang
T1  - On-Orbit Lunar Modulation Transfer Function Measurements for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 52
IS  - 1, Part 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 270
EP  - 277
SN  - 01962892
AB  - Spatial quality of an imaging sensor can be estimated by evaluating its modulation transfer function (MTF) from many different sources such as a sharp edge, a pulse target, or bar patterns with different spatial frequencies. These well-defined targets are frequently used for prelaunch laboratory tests, providing very reliable and accurate MTF measurements. A laboratory-quality edge input source was included in the spatial-mode operation of the Spectroradiometric Calibration Assembly (SRCA), which is one of the onboard calibrators of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Since not all imaging satellites have such an instrument, SRCA MTF estimations can be used as a reference for an on-orbit lunar MTF algorithm and results. In this paper, the prelaunch spatial quality characterization process from the Integrated Alignment Collimator and SRCA is briefly discussed. Based on prelaunch MTF calibration using the SRCA, a lunar MTF algorithm is developed and applied to the lifetime on-orbit Terra and Aqua MODIS lunar collections. In each lunar collection, multiple scan-direction-Moon-to-background transition profiles are aligned by the subpixel edge locations from a parametric Fermi function fit. Corresponding accumulated edge profiles are filtered and interpolated to obtain the edge spread function (ESF). The MTF is calculated by applying a Fourier transformation on the line spread function through a simple differentiation of the ESF. The lifetime lunar MTF results are analyzed and filtered by a relationship with the Sun-Earth-MODIS angle. Finally, the filtered lunar MTF values are compared to the SRCA MTF results. This comparison provides the level of accuracy for on-orbit MTF estimations validated through prelaunch SRCA measurements. The lunar MTF values had larger uncertainty than the SRCA MTF results; however, the ratio mean of lunar MTF fit and SRCA MTF values is within 2% in the 250- and 500-m bands. Based on the MTF measurement uncertainty range, the suggested lunar MTF algorithm can be applied to any on-orbit imaging sensor with lunar calibration capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - MOON
KW  - TRANSFER functions (Mathematics)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - IMAGE sensors
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Aqua
KW  - MODIS
KW  - moon
KW  - MTF
KW  - spatial quality
KW  - SRCA
KW  - Terra
N1  - Accession Number: 102838521; Taeyoung Choi 1,2; Email Address: taeyoung.choi@sigmaspace.com Xiaoxiong Xiong 3; Email Address: Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov Zhipeng Wang 1; Email Address: zwang@sigmaspace.com; Affiliation:  1: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706 USA  2: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 52 Issue 1, Part 1, p270; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: TRANSFER functions (Mathematics); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: IMAGE sensors; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: MTF; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: SRCA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terra; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2013.2238545
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102838521&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ponchak, George E.
T1  - Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00189480
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor offers his views on the periodical "IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques" and discusses on high-frequency components, circuits and operational techniques, also people who the author would like to thank in the periodical are mentioned.
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - BAKKALOGLU, Bertan
KW  - FUMEAUX, Christophe
KW  - VOSSIEK, Martin
KW  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 93570938; Ponchak, George E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Reviews & Products: IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques (Periodical); People: BAKKALOGLU, Bertan; People: FUMEAUX, Christophe; People: VOSSIEK, Martin; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2013.2293069
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93570938&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cerrone, Albert
AU  - Hochhalter, Jacob
AU  - Heber, Gerd
AU  - Ingraffea, Anthony
T1  - On the Effects of Modeling As-Manufactured Geometry: Toward Digital Twin.
JO  - International Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2014/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 16875966
AB  - Asimple, nonstandardized material test specimen, which fails along one of two different likely crack paths, is considered herein. The result of deviations in geometry on the order of tenths of amillimeter, this ambiguity in crack pathmotivates the consideration of asmanufactured component geometry in the design, assessment, and certification of structural systems. Herein, finite elementmodels of as-manufactured specimens are generated and subsequently analyzed to resolve the crack-path ambiguity. The consequence and benefit of such a "personalized" methodology is the prediction of a crack path for each specimen based on its as-manufactured geometry, rather than a distribution of possible specimen geometries or nominal geometry. The consideration of as-manufactured characteristics is central to the Digital Twin concept. Therefore, this work is also intended to motivate its development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Testing
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - TWINNING (Crystallography)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 100460009; Cerrone, Albert 1; Email Address: arc247@cornell.edu Hochhalter, Jacob 2 Heber, Gerd 3 Ingraffea, Anthony 4; Affiliation:  1: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 642 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: HDF Group, 1800 SouthOak Street, Suite 203, Champaign, IL 61820, USA  4: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, 643 Rhodes Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: 2014, p1; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Testing; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: TWINNING (Crystallography); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2014/439278
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100460009&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - I-Chung Chang
AU  - Norman, Thomas R.
AU  - Romander, Ethan A.
T1  - Airloads Correlation of the UH-60A Rotor inside the 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel.
JO  - International Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2014/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 16875966
AB  - The presented research validates the capability of a loosely coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and comprehensive rotorcraft analysis (CRA) code to calculate the flowfield around a rotor and test standmounted inside a wind tunnel. The CFD/CRA predictions for the Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor inside the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80- Foot Wind Tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center are compared with the latest measured airloads and performance data. The studied conditions include a speed sweep at constant lift up to an advance ratio of 0.4 and a thrust sweep at constant speed up to and including stall. For the speed sweep, wind tunnel modeling becomes important at advance ratios greater than 0.37 and test standmodeling becomes increasingly important as the advance ratio increases. For the thrust sweep, both the wind tunnel and test stand modeling become important as the rotor approaches stall. Despite the beneficial effects of modeling the wind tunnel and test stand, the new models do not completely resolve the current airload discrepancies between prediction and experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 100460011; I-Chung Chang 1; Email Address: i.c.chang@nasa.gov Norman, Thomas R. 1 Romander, Ethan A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aeromechanics Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2014, p1; Subject Term: BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2014/473989
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100460011&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemeth, Noel N.
T1  - Probability density distribution of the orientation of strength-controlling flaws from multiaxial loading using the unit-sphere stochastic strength model for anisotropy.
JO  - International Journal of Fracture
JF  - International Journal of Fracture
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 185
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 114
SN  - 03769429
AB  - Models that predict the failure probability of monolithic glass and ceramic components under multiaxial loading have been developed by authors such as Batdorf, Evans, and Matsuo. These “unit-sphere” failure models assume that the strength-controlling flaws are randomly oriented, noninteracting planar microcracks of specified geometry but of variable size. The purpose of this paper is to describe a formulation of the probability density distribution of the orientation of critical strength-controlling flaws that results from an applied load. This distribution is a function of the multiaxial stress state, the shear sensitivity of the flaws, the Weibull modulus, and the strength anisotropy. Examples are provided showing the predicted response on the unit sphere for various stress states for isotropic and transversely isotropic (anisotropic) materials—including the most probable orientation of critical flaws for offset uniaxial loads with strength anisotropy. The author anticipates that this information could be used to determine anisotropic stiffness degradation or anisotropic damage evolution for individual brittle (or quasi-brittle) composite material constituents within finite element or micromechanics-based software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fracture is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROBABILITY density function
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - Anisotropy
KW  - Batdorf
KW  - Brittle
KW  - Ceramic
KW  - Failure criterion
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Multiaxial
KW  - Probability
KW  - Strength
KW  - Weibull
N1  - Accession Number: 92907620; Nemeth, Noel N. 1; Email Address: noel.n.nemeth@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd. MS 49–7, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 185 Issue 1/2, p97; Subject Term: PROBABILITY density function; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Batdorf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brittle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure criterion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiaxial; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10704-013-9906-4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92907620&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
AU  - Meckler, A. Nele
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Holocene freshwater carbonate structures in the hyper-arid Gebel Uweinat region of the Sahara Desert (Southwestern Egypt).
JO  - Journal of African Earth Sciences
JF  - Journal of African Earth Sciences
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 89
M3  - Article
SP  - 50
EP  - 55
SN  - 1464343X
AB  - Highlights: [•] Carbonate structures lining a valley in the Sahara Desert. [•] Evidence for a past lake in what is currently the driest part of the Sahara. [•] Lakes in this part of the Sahara are consistent data indicating wetter conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of African Earth Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOLOCENE Epoch
KW  - FRESHWATER ecology
KW  - CARBONATES
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - VALLEYS
KW  - SAHARA
KW  - Carbonate structures
KW  - Gebel Uweinat
KW  - Holocene climate
KW  - Sahara Desert
N1  - Accession Number: 92518353; Marinova, Margarita M. 1,2 Meckler, A. Nele 3; Email Address: nele.meckler@erdw.ethz.ch McKay, Christopher P. 2; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, United States  2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Geological Institute, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 89, p50; Subject Term: HOLOCENE Epoch; Subject Term: FRESHWATER ecology; Subject Term: CARBONATES; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Subject Term: VALLEYS; Subject Term: SAHARA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbonate structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gebel Uweinat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Holocene climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sahara Desert; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.10.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92518353&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ordaz, Man
AU  - Wu Lit
T1  - Integration of Off-Track Sonic Boom Analysis for Supersonic Aircraft Conceptual Design.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 28
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A highly desired capability for aircraft conceptual design is the ability to rapidly and accurately evaluate new concepts to avoid adverse trade decisions that may hinder the development process in the later stages of design. Evaluating the robustness of new low-boom concepts is important for the conceptual design of supersonic aircraft. Here, robustness means that the aircraft configuration has a low-boom ground signature at both under- and off-track locations. An integrated process for under- and off-track sonic boom analysis is developed to facilitate the design of robust low-boom supersonic aircraft. The key enabler for sonic boom analysis is accurate computational fluid dynamics solutions for off-body pressure distributions. To ensure the numerical accuracy of the off-body pressure distributions, a mesh study is performed with Cart3D (an inviscid computational fluid dynamics solver) to determine the mesh requirements for off-body computational fluid dynamics analysis. Comparisons are made between the sonic boom analysis results conducted with the Cart3D and USM3D inviscid computational fluid dynamics solvers. The variation in the ground signature that results from changes in the location of the computational fluid dynamics off-body pressure distribution is also examined. Finally, a complete under- and off-track sonic boom analysis is presented for two distinct supersonic concepts to demonstrate the capability of the integrated analysis process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction
KW  - CONCEPTUAL design
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 94901877; Ordaz, Man 1 Wu Lit 2; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch, Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Engineer, Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch, Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: CONCEPTUAL design; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031511
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94901877&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu Li
AU  - Rallabhandit, Sriram
T1  - Inverse Design of Low-Boom Supersonic Concepts Using Reversed Equivalent-Area Targets.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 36
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A promising path for developing a low-boom configuration is a multifidelity approach that starts from a low-fidelity low-boom design, refines the low-fidelity design with computational fluid dynamics equivalent-area analysis, and improves the design with sonic-boom analysis by using computational fluid dynamics off-body pressure distributions. The focus of this paper is on the third step of this approach, in which the design is improved with sonic-boom analysis through the use of computational fluid dynamics calculations. A new inverse design process for off-body pressure tailoring is formulated and demonstrated with a low-boom supersonic configuration that was developed by using the mixed-fidelity design method with computational fluid dynamics equivalent-area analysis. The new inverse design process uses the reverse propagation of the pressure distribution from a mid-field location to a near-field location, converts the near-field into an equivalent-area distribution, generates a low-boom target for the reversed equivalent area of the configuration, and modifies the configuration to minimize the differences between the configuration's reversed equivalent area and the low-boom target. The new inverse design process is used to modify a supersonic demonstrator concept for a cruise Mach number of 1.6 and a cruise weight of 30,000 lb. The modified configuration has a fully shaped ground signature that has a perceived loudness value of 78.5, whereas the original configuration has a partially shaped aft signature with a perceived loudness of 82.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - CONCEPTUAL design
N1  - Accession Number: 94901878; Wu Li 1 Rallabhandit, Sriram 2; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Engineer, Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch, Mail Stop 442. NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Engineer, Resident at Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch, Mail Stop 442. National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p29; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: CONCEPTUAL design; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C031551
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94901878&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenwood, Eric
AU  - Schmitz, Fredric H.
T1  - Effects of Ambient Conditions on Helicopter Rotor Source Noise Modeling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 103
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A phenomenological noise-modeling method called Fundamental Rotorcraft Acoustic Modeling from Experiments is used to demonstrate the changes in rotor harmonic noise generation of a helicopter operating at different ambient conditions. The method is based upon a nondimensionai representation of the governing acoustic and performance equations of a single-rotor helicopter. Measured external noise is used together with parameter-identification techniques to develop a model of helicopter external noise that is a hybrid between theory and experiment. The method is used to evaluate the main rotor harmonic noise of a Bell 206B3 helicopter operating at different altitudes. The variation with altitude of blade-vortex interaction noise, known to be a strong function of the helicopter's advance ratio, depends upon which definition of airspeed is used. If normal flight procedures are followed and indicated airspeed is held constant, the true airspeed of the helicopter increases with altitude. This causes an increase in advance ratio and a decrease in the speed of sound, which results in large changes to blade-vortex interaction noise levels. Additionally, thickness noise on this helicopter becomes more intense with increasing altitude. The noise magnitude and directivity variations differ when flight conditions are defined by true airspeed. These results suggest that existing empirical helicopter rotor noise-source models may give incorrect noise estimates when they are used at conditions where data were not measured and may need to be corrected for mission land-use planning purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Noise
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - ACOUSTIC models
KW  - BLADE-vortex interactions
N1  - Accession Number: 94901884; Greenwood, Eric 1,2 Schmitz, Fredric H. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Research Aerospace Engineer, Aeroacoustics Branch, Mail Stop 461, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Member, AIAA  3: Senior Research Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742  4: Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p90; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Noise; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC models; Subject Term: BLADE-vortex interactions; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032045
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94901884&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shenoy, Rajiv
AU  - Smith, Marilyn J.
AU  - Park, Michael A.
T1  - Unstructured Overset Mesh Adaptation with Turbulence Modeling for Unsteady Aerodynamic Interactions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 174
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Schemes for anisotropic grid adaptation for dynamic overset simulations are presented. These approaches permit adaptation over a periodic time window in a dynamic flowfield so that an accurate evolution of the unsteady wake may be obtained, as demonstrated on an unstructured flow solver. Unlike prior adaptive schemes, this approach permits grid adaptation to occur seamlessly across any number of grids that are overset, excluding only the boundary layer to avoid surface manipulations. A demonstration on a rotor/fuselage-interaction configuration includes correlations with time-averaged and instantaneous fuselage pressures, and wake trajectories. Additionally, the effects of modeling the flow as inviscid and turbulent are reported. The ability of the methodology to improve these predictions is confirmed, including a vortex/fuselage-impingement phenomenon that has before now not been captured by computational simulations. The adapted solutions exhibit dependency based on the choice of the feature to form the adaptation indicator, indicating that there is no single best practice for feature-based adaptation across the spectrum of rotorcraft applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
N1  - Accession Number: 94901889; Shenoy, Rajiv 1,2 Smith, Marilyn J. 3,4 Park, Michael A. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Research Assistant, School of Aerospace Engineering, 270 Ferst Drive, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332  2: AIAA  3: Associate Professor, School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332  4: Associate Fellow, AIAA  5: Research Scientist, Computational Aerosciences Branch, Mail Stop 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  6: Senior Member, AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p161; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032195
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94901889&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Khiem-Van Truong
AU  - Ormiston, Robert A.
T1  - Comparison of One-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Structural Dynamics Modeling of Advanced Geometry Blades.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 226
EP  - 235
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Comparisons between one-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses are conducted systematically for advanced geometry blades, which have tip sweep, tip taper, and planform variations near the root with various materials and effects of boundary conditions in order to better understand the differences between the two approaches and the physics behind them. One-dimensional beam analysis is conducted using the rotorcraft comprehensive analysis system with variational asymptotical beam sectional analysis calculated two-dimensional cross-sectional properties. Three-dimensional finite element analysis is conducted using a commercial code MSC/Marc. Natural frequencies are calculated at various rotor rotational speeds, and the differences are quantified. There is very good agreement between the one-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses for free-free aluminum beams, even for a very short beam with beam length five times chord (L = 5 x c). The one-dimensional analysis accurately captures the planform variation near the root for an aluminum beam. In general, the differences between the one-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses occur when there is coupling, either generated from geometry (tip sweep) or material (composite), especially for high-frequency modes. Without coupling, the one-dimensional analysis appears to capture free vibration characteristics of various advanced geometry beams and blades reasonably well for at least the six lowest frequency modes when the beam length is greater than 10 times chord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - DIMENSIONAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 94901895; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1,2,3,4,5; Email Address: hyeonsoo.yeo.civ@mail.mil Khiem-Van Truong 6; Email Address: Khiem-Van.Truong@onera.fr Ormiston, Robert A. 2,3,4,7,8; Email Address: robert.ormiston@amrdec.army.mil; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Research, Development, and Engineering Command, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: Research Scientist, Aéroé1asticité et Dynamique des Structures, ONERA-The French Aerospace Lab, 92322 Châtillon, France  7: Chief Scientist, U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  8: Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p226; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: DIMENSIONAL analysis; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032304
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94901895&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marshburn, Thomas H.
AU  - Hadfield, Chris A.
AU  - Sargsyan, Ashot E.
AU  - Garcia, Kathleen
AU  - Ebert, Douglas
AU  - Dulchavsky, Scott A.
T1  - New Heights in Ultrasound: First Report of Spinal Ultrasound from the International Space Station.
JO  - Journal of Emergency Medicine (0736-4679)
JF  - Journal of Emergency Medicine (0736-4679)
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 70
SN  - 07364679
AB  - Abstract: Background: Changes in the lumbar and sacral spine occur with exposure to microgravity in astronauts; monitoring these alterations without radiographic capabilities on the International Space Station (ISS) requires novel diagnostic solutions to be developed. Study Objectives: We evaluated the ability of point-of-care ultrasound, performed by nonexpert-operator astronauts, to provide accurate anatomic information about the spine in long-duration crewmembers in space. Methods: Astronauts received brief ultrasound instruction on the ground and performed in-flight cervical and lumbosacral ultrasound examinations using just-in-time training and remote expert tele-ultrasound guidance. Ultrasound examinations on the ISS used a portable ultrasound device with real-time communication/guidance with ground experts in Mission Control. Results: The crewmembers were able to obtain diagnostic-quality examinations of the cervical and lumbar spine that would provide essential information about acute or chronic changes to the spine. Conclusions: Spinal ultrasound provides essential anatomic information in the cervical and lumbosacral spine; this technique may be extensible to point-of-care situations in emergency departments or resource-challenged areas without direct access to additional radiologic capabilities. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Emergency Medicine (0736-4679) is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIAGNOSTIC ultrasonic imaging
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - LUMBOSACRAL region
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - MEDICAL radiography
KW  - International Space Station
KW  - remote care
KW  - spine
KW  - telemedicine
KW  - ultrasound
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 93334424; Marshburn, Thomas H. 1 Hadfield, Chris A. 2 Sargsyan, Ashot E. 3 Garcia, Kathleen 3 Ebert, Douglas 3 Dulchavsky, Scott A. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas  2: Canadian Space Agency, John H. Chapman Space Centre, Saint Hubert, Quebec, Canada  3: Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group, Houston, Texas  4: Department of Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p61; Subject Term: DIAGNOSTIC ultrasonic imaging; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: LUMBOSACRAL region; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: MEDICAL radiography; Author-Supplied Keyword: International Space Station; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote care; Author-Supplied Keyword: spine; Author-Supplied Keyword: telemedicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultrasound; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621512 Diagnostic Imaging Centers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jemermed.2013.08.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93334424&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Groh III, Henry C.
T1  - Response of Elastomer Seal Materials to Solid Rocket Exhaust Emissions.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
SN  - 00224650
AB  - To explore the effects of solid rocket motor emissions on spacecraft docking seals, a set of elastomer seals and sheet material were placed in the plume during an open-air ground-based test firing of one of NASA's solid rocket jettison motors. The seal specimens were placed 86 ft (26.2 m) from the nozzle during an approximately 1.5 s firing outdoors. The conditions near the seals were generally hundreds of pounds per square foot of dynamic pressure and temperatures greater than 400°F (204°C) with high plume velocities. Worst-case flight conditions were imposed; however, high-altitude, near-vacuum conditions were not imposed. Thus, the chemistry, temperature, and pressures of the combustion products are expected to be slightly different compared to flight conditions. Because this was a ground-based test done outdoors, the specimens had the opportunity to be soiled by dusty winds, and it is possible contaminants on the seals may have come off after the firing and prior to examination and testing. The goal was to determine if exposure to the plume from the firing would physically damage the seals. Overall, the silicone-base elastomer seals were not measurably damaged by the emissions; leak rates were unaffected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLID propellants
KW  - ROCKET engine exhaust
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Fuel
KW  - DYNAMIC pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 94784879; de Groh III, Henry C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLID propellants; Subject Term: ROCKET engine exhaust; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Fuel; Subject Term: DYNAMIC pressure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32488
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94784879&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McQuigg, Thomas D.
AU  - Kapania, Rakesh K.
AU  - Scotti, Stephen J.
AU  - Walker, Sandra P.
T1  - Compression After Impact Analysis on Thin Face Sheet Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 200
EP  - 212
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A research study has been conducted on compression after impact of thin facesheet honeycomb core sandwich panels. This paper is focused on the modeling and analysis used to simulate the tests described in a companion paper. Of interest are composite sandwich panels with aerospace applications, which contain either a 3 or 6 lb/ft³ honeycomb core. It was found that compression after impact testing of these coupons resulted in either an indentation propagation failure for the lower density core or a crack propagation failure mode for the higher density core. An analysis model is developed to account for both modes through the inclusion of progressive failure analysis of the facesheets and a homogenized, nonlinear material model for the honeycomb core. In addition, significant impact damage detail is included in the model based on experimental observation. Analysis results are compared with the experimental results for each of the 24 sandwich panel specimens tested. Good agreement of failure mode predictions with test results demonstrates the importance of considering both facesheet and core failure, as well as the initial damage severity. Finally, a parametric study highlights the strength benefits compared with mass penalty for various core densities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMPACT testing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - HONEYCOMB structures
KW  - COMPRESSION loads
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Materials
N1  - Accession Number: 94784896; McQuigg, Thomas D. 1 Kapania, Rakesh K. 1 Scotti, Stephen J. 2 Walker, Sandra P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p200; Subject Term: IMPACT testing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: HONEYCOMB structures; Subject Term: COMPRESSION loads; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Materials; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32428
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94784896&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McQuigg, Thomas D.
AU  - Kapania, Rakesh K.
AU  - Scotti, Stephen J.
AU  - Walker, Sandra P.
T1  - Compression After Impact Experiments on Thin Face Sheet Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panels.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 253
EP  - 266
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Experiments have been used to study the compression after impact of thin face-sheet composite honeycomb core sandwich panels. The sandwich panels consist of very thin, woven S2-fiberglass face sheets adhered to a Nomex honeycomb core. Two sets of coupons were tested; they were identical, except one set contained a 3 lb/ft³ density core, and the other contained a heavier 6 lb/ft³ density core. Static indentation and low-velocity impact using a drop tower were used to study damage formation in these materials with energy levels up to 9 ft-lb (foot-pounds). A series of highly instrumented compression after impact tests was then completed. New techniques for studying the response and failure include high-speed video photography as well as digital image correlation for the full-field deformation measurement. Two failure modes were observed. It is concluded that the failure mode of these materials depends solely on the honeycomb core density of the coupon, with the lighter density core experiencing an indentation propagation failure, while the heavier specimens experienced a crack propagation failure mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPRESSION loads
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Testing
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - HONEYCOMB structures
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 94784900; McQuigg, Thomas D. 1 Kapania, Rakesh K. 1 Scotti, Stephen J. 2 Walker, Sandra P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p253; Subject Term: COMPRESSION loads; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Testing; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: HONEYCOMB structures; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32427
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - West IV, Thomas K.
AU  - Hosder, Serhat
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
T1  - Multistep Uncertainty Quantification Approach Applied to Hypersonic Reentry Flows.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/01//Jan/Feb2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 296
EP  - 310
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The objective of this study was to introduce and demonstrate a computationally efficient, multistep uncertainty quantification approach for high-fidelity, hypersonic reentry flow simulations, which may include large numbers of aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The multistep uncertainty quantification approach included several key components, including a sensitivity-based dimension reduction process that used a local sensitivity analysis at selected sample locations to approximate global sensitivities. Other components included a method to update existing deterministic samples after dimension reduction and a modified point-collocation nonintrusive polynomial chaos method that incorporates existing local sensitivity information. The multistep uncertainty quantification approach was demonstrated on two model problems. The first was a model for stagnation point convective heat transfer in hypersonic flow. Mixed uncertainty quantification analysis results in reduced dimensions compared well with Monte Carlo simulations. The second problem was a high-fidelity, computational fluid dynamics model for stagnation point radiative heat flux on a Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator during a Mars entry. The model consisted of 93 uncertain parameters, coming from both flowfield and radiation modeling. The model was reduced to ten and five uncertain variables, accounting for 95 and 90% of the total output variance, respectively. Pure aleatory, epistemic, and mixed uncertainty quantification analyses were in agreement with previous work, proving the potential and applicability of the multistep uncertainty quantification process for complex hypersonic reentry flow models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Thermodynamics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 94784903; West IV, Thomas K. 1 Hosder, Serhat 1 Johnston, Christopher O. 2; Affiliation:  1: Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2014, Vol. 51 Issue 1, p296; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32592
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strawa, A.W.
AU  - Chatfield, R.B.
AU  - Legg, M.
AU  - Scarnato, B.
AU  - Esswein, R.
T1  - Improving retrievals of regional fine particulate matter concentrations from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) multisatellite observations.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 64
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1434
EP  - 1446
SN  - 10962247
AB  - A combination of multiplatform satellite observations and statistical data analysis are used to improve the correlation between estimates of PM2.5(particulate mass with aerodynamic diameter less that 2.5 µm) retrieved from satellite observations and ground-level measured PM2.5. Accurate measurements of PM2.5can be used to assess the impact of air pollution levels on human health and the environment and to validate air pollution models. The area under study is California's San Joaquin Valley (SJV) that has a history of poor particulate air quality. Attempts to use simple linear regressions to estimate PM2.5from satellite-derived aerosol optical depth (AOD) have not yielded good results. The period of study for this project was from October 2004 to July 2008 for six sites in the SJV. A simple linear regression between surface-measured PM2.5and satellite-observed AOD (from MODIS [Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer]) yields a correlation coefficient of about 0.17 in this region. The correlation coefficient between the measured PM2.5and that retrieved combining satellite observations in a generalized additive model (GAM) resulted in an improved correlation coefficient of 0.77. The model used combinations of MODIS AOD, OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) AOD, NO2concentration, and a seasonal variable as parameters. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the PM2.5retrieved using the GAM captures many of the PM2.5exceedances that were not seen in the simple linear regression model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollution -- Measurement
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - OZONE layer depletion
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - DATA analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 93632303; Strawa, A.W. 1; Email Address: Anthony.W.Strawa@nasa.gov Chatfield, R.B. 1 Legg, M. 2 Scarnato, B. 2 Esswein, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 64 Issue 1, p1434; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: OZONE layer depletion; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: DATA analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10962247.2013.822838
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhagwat, Mahendra J.
AU  - Leishman, J. Gordon
T1  - Self-Induced Velocity of a Vortex Ring Using Straight-Line Segmentation.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 59
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The accuracy of discretized induced velocity calculations that can be obtained using straight-line vortex elements has been reexamined, primarily using the velocity field induced by a vortex ring as a reference. The induced velocity of a potential (inviscid) vortex ring is singular at the vortex ring itself. Analytical results were found by using a small azimuthal cutoff in the Biot-Savart integral over the vortex ring and showed that the singularity is logarithmic in the cutoff. Discrete numerical calculations showed the same behavior, with the self-induced velocity exhibiting a logarithmic singularity with respect to the discretization, which introduces an inherent cutoff in the Biot-Savart integral. Core regularization or desingularization can also eliminate the singularity by using an assumed "viscous" core model. Analytical approximations to the self-induced velocity of a thin-cored vortex ring have shown that the self-induced velocity has a logarithmic singularity in the core radius. It is further shown that the numerical calculations require special treatment of the self-induced velocity caused by curvature, which is lost by the inherent cutoff in the straight-line discretization, to correctly recover this logarithmic singularity in the core radius. Numerical solution using straight-line vortex segmentation, augmented with curved vortex elements only for the self-induced velocity calculation, is shown to be second-order accurate in the discretization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - BIOT-Savart law
KW  - VELOCITY
KW  - LOGARITHMIC functions
N1  - Accession Number: 94924151; Bhagwat, Mahendra J. 1; Email Address: mahendra.j.bhagwat.civ@mail.mil Leishman, J. Gordon 2; Affiliation:  1: US Army Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center, Research, Development & Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Minta Martin Professor of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59, p1; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INVISCID flow; Subject Term: BIOT-Savart law; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: LOGARITHMIC functions; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.012004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Investigation of Maximum Blade Loading Capability of Lift-Offset Rotors.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 59
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The maximum blade loading capability of a coaxial, lift-offset rotor is investigated using a rotorcraft configuration designed in the context of short-haul, medium-size civil and military missions. The aircraft was sized for a 6600-lb payload and a range of 300 nm. The rotor planform and twist were optimized for hover and cruise performance. For the present rotor performance calculations, the collective pitch angle is progressively increased up to and through stall with the shaft angle set to zero. The effects of lift offset on rotor lift, power, controls, and blade airloads and structural loads are examined. The maximum lift capability of the coaxial rotor increases as lift offset increases and extends well beyond the McHugh lift boundary as the lift potential of the advancing blades are fully realized. A parametric study is conducted to examine the differences between the present coaxial rotor and the McHugh rotor in terms of maximum lift capabilities and to identify important design parameters that define the maximum lift capability of the rotor. The effects of lift offset on rotor blade airloads and structural loads are also investigated. Flap bending moment increases substantially as lift offset increases to carry the hub roll moment even at low collective values. The magnitude of flap bending moment is dictated by the lift-offset value (hub roll moment) but is less sensitive to collective and speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Aerodynamics
KW  - BENDING moment
N1  - Accession Number: 94924152; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1; Email Address: hyeonsoo.yeo.civ@mail.mil Johnson, Wayne 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD, Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center, Research, Development, and Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Aeromechanics Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59, p1; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: BENDING moment; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.012005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94924152&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raffel, Markus
AU  - Heineck, James T.
AU  - Schairer, Edward
AU  - Leopold, Friedrich
AU  - Kindler, Kolja
T1  - Background-Oriented Schlieren Imaging for Full-Scale and In-Flight Testing.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 59
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Background-oriented schlieren (BOS)methods suited for large-scale and in-flight testing are presented with special emphasis on the detection and tracing of blade tip vortices in situ. Retroreffective recording and photogrammetric epipolar analysis for the computation of the vortices' spatial coordinates in the wind tunnel are described. Feasibility and fidelity of reference-free BOS in conjunction with natural formation backgrounds and related evaluation methods are discussed, additionally, illustrating their simplicity and robustness. Results of successful image acquisition from a chaser aircraft are presented allowing vortex wakes to be identified at a wide range of flight attitudes, including complex maneuvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCHLIEREN methods (Optics)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
N1  - Accession Number: 94924149; Raffel, Markus 1; Email Address: markus.raffel@dlr.de Heineck, James T. 2 Schairer, Edward 3 Leopold, Friedrich 4 Kindler, Kolja 5; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Germen Aerospace Center (DLR), Göttingen, Germany  2: Researcher, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  4: Researcher, German--French Research Institute Saint-Louis, Saint Louis, France  5: Researcher, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Köln, Germany; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59, p1; Subject Term: SCHLIEREN methods (Optics); Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.012002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94924149&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Price, Jonathan
AU  - Rozum, Jordan
AU  - Ware, Gene
AU  - Baker, Doran
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Russell III, James M.
T1  - Global Nightly OH and O2 Mesospheric Airglow: Examining a Decade of Measurements Using the NASA SABER Satellite Sensor.
JO  - Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters
JF  - Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 91
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 141
PB  - Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters
AB  - The SABER instrument aboard the TIMED satellite is a multichannel radiometer and has been continuously measuring the altitude distribution of infrared airglow intensity in the mesosphere on a global basis since 2002. While the majority of these altitude distributions are Gaussian-like, a significant portion exhibit two or more local maxima, suggesting multiple airglow layers. To better understand the cause of this phenomenon, the global and temporal distributions of infrared OH and O2 scans resulting in multiple peak altitude profiles are being examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters is the property of Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts & Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MESOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - AIRGLOW
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - MAXIMA & minima
KW  - TEMPORAL distribution (Quantum optics)
KW  - HYDROXIDES
N1  - Accession Number: 121115549; Price, Jonathan 1 Rozum, Jordan 1 Ware, Gene 1 Baker, Doran 1 Mlynczak, Martin G. 2 Russell III, James M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Utah State University  2: NASA Langley Research Center  3: Hampton University; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 91, p135; Subject Term: MESOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: AIRGLOW; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: MAXIMA & minima; Subject Term: TEMPORAL distribution (Quantum optics); Subject Term: HYDROXIDES; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulyukin, A.
AU  - Demkina, E.
AU  - Manucharova, N.
AU  - Akimov, V.
AU  - Andersen, D.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Gal'chenko, V.
T1  - The prokaryotic community of subglacial bottom sediments of Antarctic Lake Untersee: Detection by cultural and direct microscopic techniques.
JO  - Microbiology (00262617)
JF  - Microbiology (00262617)
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 83
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 84
SN  - 00262617
AB  - The heterotrophic mesophilic microbial component was studied in microbial communities of the samples of frozen regolith collected from the glacier near Lake Untersee collected in 2011 during the joint Russian-American expedition to central Dronning Maud Land (Eastern Antarctica). Cultural techniques revealed high bacterial numbers in the samples. For enumeration of viable cells, the most probable numbers (MPN) method proved more efficient than plating on agar media. Fluorescent in situ hybridization with the relevant oligonucleotide probes revealed members of the groups Eubacteria ( Actinobacteria, Firmicutes) and Archaea. The application of the methods of cell resuscitation, such as the use of diluted media and prevention of oxidative stress, did not result in a significant increase in the numbers of viable cells retrieved from subglacial sediment samples. Our previous investigations demonstrated the necessity for special procedures for efficient reactivation of the cells from microbial communities of replace with buried soil and permafrost samples collected in the Arctic zone. The differing responses to the special resuscitation procedures may reflect the differences in the physiological and morphological state of bacterial cells in microbial communities subject to continuous or periodic low temperatures and dehydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbiology (00262617) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROKARYOTES
KW  - MARINE sediments
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization
KW  - PERMAFROST
KW  - BACTERIAL cells
KW  - QUEEN Maud Land
KW  - Antarctics
KW  - cell numbers
KW  - cell resuscitation
KW  - FISH
KW  - prokaryotes
KW  - subglacial sediments
N1  - Accession Number: 95934948; Mulyukin, A. 1; Email Address: andlm@mail.ru Demkina, E. 1 Manucharova, N. 2 Akimov, V. 3 Andersen, D. 4 McKay, C. 5 Gal'chenko, V. 1; Affiliation:  1: Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7, k. 2 Moscow 117312 Russia  2: Department of Soil Biology, Faculty of Soil Science, Moscow State University, Moscow Russia  3: Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5 Pushchino, Moscow oblast 142290 Russia  4: Carl Sagan Center for the Study of Life in the Universe, SETI Institute, Mountain View USA  5: MS-245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 83 Issue 1/2, p77; Subject Term: PROKARYOTES; Subject Term: MARINE sediments; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE in situ hybridization; Subject Term: PERMAFROST; Subject Term: BACTERIAL cells; Subject Term: QUEEN Maud Land; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctics; Author-Supplied Keyword: cell numbers; Author-Supplied Keyword: cell resuscitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: FISH; Author-Supplied Keyword: prokaryotes; Author-Supplied Keyword: subglacial sediments; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1134/S0026261714020143
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McInerney, Peter
AU  - Adams, Paul
AU  - Hadi, Masood Z.
T1  - Error Rate Comparison during Polymerase Chain Reaction by DNA Polymerase.
JO  - Molecular Biology International
JF  - Molecular Biology International
Y1  - 2014/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 20902190
AB  - As larger-scale cloning projects become more prevalent, there is an increasing need for comparisons among high fidelity DNA polymerases used for PCR amplification. All polymerases marketed for PCR applications are tested for fidelity properties (i.e., error rate determination) by vendors, and numerous literature reports have addressed PCR enzyme fidelity. Nonetheless, it is often difficult to make direct comparisons among different enzymes due to numerous methodological and analytical differences from study to study We have measured the error rates for 6 DNA polymerases commonly used in PCR applications, including 3 polymerases typically used for cloning applications requiring high fidelity. Error rate measurement values reported here were obtained by direct sequencing of cloned PCR products. The strategy employed here allows interrogation of error rate across a very large DNA sequence space, since 94 unique DNA targets were used as templates for PCR cloning. The six enzymes included in the study, Taq polymerase, AccuPrime-Taq High Fidelity, KOD Hot Start, cloned Pfu polymerase, Phusion Hot Start, and Pwo polymerase, we find the lowest error rates with Pfu, Phusion, and Pwo polymerases. Error rates are comparable for these 3 enzymes and are >10x lower than the error rate observed with Taq polymerase. Mutation spectra are reported, with the 3 high fidelity enzymes displaying broadly similar types of mutations. For these enzymes, transition mutations predominate, with little bias observed for type of transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Biology International is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ERROR rates
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - DNA polymerases
KW  - OPEN reading frames (Genetics)
KW  - NUCLEOTIDE sequence
KW  - MUTATION (Biology)
KW  - CLONING
N1  - Accession Number: 100519987; McInerney, Peter 1,2 Adams, Paul 1,3 Hadi, Masood Z. 1,3,4; Email Address: masood.hadi@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Joint BioEnergy Institute, Emeryville, CA, USA  2: Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, USA  3: Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Synthetic Biology Program, Space BioSciences Division, NASA AMES Research Center, Mail Stop 239-15, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2014, p1; Subject Term: ERROR rates; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: DNA polymerases; Subject Term: OPEN reading frames (Genetics); Subject Term: NUCLEOTIDE sequence; Subject Term: MUTATION (Biology); Subject Term: CLONING; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2014/287430
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, T. D.
AU  - Catling, D. C.
T1  - Common 0.1 bar tropopause in thick atmospheres set by pressure-dependent infrared transparency.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 15
SN  - 17520894
AB  - A minimum atmospheric temperature, or tropopause, occurs at a pressure of around 0.1 bar in the atmospheres of Earth, Titan, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, despite great differences in atmospheric composition, gravity, internal heat and sunlight. In all of these bodies, the tropopause separates a stratosphere with a temperature profile that is controlled by the absorption of short-wave solar radiation, from a region below characterized by convection, weather and clouds. However, it is not obvious why the tropopause occurs at the specific pressure near 0.1 bar. Here we use a simple, physically based model to demonstrate that, at atmospheric pressures lower than 0.1 bar, transparency to thermal radiation allows short-wave heating to dominate, creating a stratosphere. At higher pressures, atmospheres become opaque to thermal radiation, causing temperatures to increase with depth and convection to ensue. A common dependence of infrared opacity on pressure, arising from the shared physics of molecular absorption, sets the 0.1 bar tropopause. We reason that a tropopause at a pressure of approximately 0.1 bar is characteristic of many thick atmospheres, including exoplanets and exomoons in our galaxy and beyond. Judicious use of this rule could help constrain the atmospheric structure, and thus the surface environments and habitability, of exoplanets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Geoscience is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 102364796; Robinson, T. D. 1 Catling, D. C. 2; Affiliation:  1: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA  2: 1] NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] University of Washington Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [3] Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p12; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo2020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramirez, Ramses M.
AU  - Kopparapu, Ravi
AU  - Zugger, Michael E.
AU  - Robinson, Tyler D.
AU  - Freedman, Richard
AU  - Kasting, James F.
T1  - Warming early Mars with CO2 and H2.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 63
SN  - 17520894
AB  - The presence of valleys on ancient terrains of Mars suggests that liquid water flowed on the martian surface 3.8 Gyr ago or before. The above-freezing temperatures required to explain valley formation could have been transient, in response to the frequent large meteorite impacts on early Mars, or they could have been caused by long-lived greenhouse warming. Climate models that consider only the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and water have been unable to recreate warm surface conditions, given the lower solar luminosity at that time. Here we use a one-dimensional climate model to demonstrate that an atmosphere containing 1.3-4 bar of CO2 and water, in addition to 5-20% H2, could have raised the mean surface temperature of early Mars above the freezing point of water. Vigorous volcanic outgassing from a highly reduced early martian mantle is expected to provide sufficient atmospheric H2 and CO2-the latter from the photochemical oxidation of outgassed CH4 and CO-to form a CO2 and H2 greenhouse. Such a dense early martian atmosphere is consistent with independent estimates of surface pressure based on cratering data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Geoscience is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
N1  - Accession Number: 102364786; Ramirez, Ramses M. 1 Kopparapu, Ravi 1 Zugger, Michael E. 2 Robinson, Tyler D. 3 Freedman, Richard 4 Kasting, James F. 1; Affiliation:  1: 1] Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [3] NASA Astrobiology Institute Virtual Planetary Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA  2: 1] NASA Astrobiology Institute Virtual Planetary Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Applied Research Laboratory, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA  3: 1] NASA Astrobiology Institute Virtual Planetary Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA [2] Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA  4: 1] SETI Institute, Mountain View, California 94043, USA [2] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p59; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo2000
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kallush, S
AU  - Khasin, M
AU  - Kosloff, R
T1  - Quantum control with noisy fields: computational complexity versus sensitivity to noise.
JO  - New Journal of Physics
JF  - New Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2014/01/01/
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 015008
EP  - 015024
SN  - 13672630
AB  - A closed quantum system is defined as completely controllable if an arbitrary unitary transformation can be executed using the available controls. In practice, control fields are a source of unavoidable noise, which has to be suppressed to retain controllability. Can one design control fields such that the effect of noise is negligible on the time-scale of the transformation? This question is intimately related to the fundamental problem of a connection between the computational complexity of the control problem and the sensitivity of the controlled system to noise. The present study considers a paradigm of control, where the Lie-algebraic structure of the control Hamiltonian is fixed, while the size of the system increases with the dimension of the Hilbert space representation of the algebra. We find two types of control tasks, easy and hard. Easy tasks are characterized by a small variance of the evolving state with respect to the operators of the control operators. They are relatively immune to noise and the control field is easy to find. Hard tasks have a large variance, are sensitive to noise and the control field is hard to find. The influence of noise increases with the size of the system, which is measured by the scaling factor N of the largest weight of the representation. For fixed time and control field the ability to control degrades as O(N) for easy tasks and as O(N2) for hard tasks. As a consequence, even in the most favorable estimate, for large quantum systems, generic noise in the controls dominates for a typical class of target transformations, i.e. complete controllability is destroyed by noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of New Journal of Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM mechanics
KW  - CONTROLLABILITY (Systems engineering)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
KW  - HILBERT space
KW  - HAMILTONIAN systems
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 94383061; Kallush, S 1 Khasin, M 2 Kosloff, R 3,4; Email Address: ronnie@fh.huji.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, ORT-Braude College, PO Box 78, 21982 Karmiel, Israel  2: Nasa Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel  4: Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.; Source Info: Vol. 16 Issue 1, p015008; Subject Term: QUANTUM mechanics; Subject Term: CONTROLLABILITY (Systems engineering); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Subject Term: HILBERT space; Subject Term: HAMILTONIAN systems; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1367-2630/16/1/015008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Sanford
AU  - Marshall, John
AU  - Richard, Denis
AU  - Adler, David
AU  - Adler, Benjamin
T1  - Scattering properties of lunar dust analogs.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 90
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 36
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft is designed to characterize the exospheric dust environment using an on-board suite of specialized sensors. The objective of this paper is to present results from scattering experiments using an aqueous suspension of lunar simulants that contains a population of dust grains ranging in size from ~0.1μm to 10μm. The intensity of scattered light is measured with a commercial version of the ultraviolet–visible spectrometer (UVS) used in the LADEE mission. We show that our data is consistent with the fact that micron-sized particles tend to form agglomerates rather than remaining isolated entities and that certain characteristics of the target particles can be predicted from intensity measurements alone. These results can be used directly to assess general features of the lunar exosphere. Further analysis of particle properties from such remote sensing data will require more refined measurements such as polarization features or other components of the Stokes vector. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - VISIBLE spectrometers
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - STOKES parameters
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Exospheric dust
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Lunar exosphere
KW  - Lunar missions
KW  - Mie scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 93590617; Davis, Sanford 1; Email Address: sanford.s.davis@mail.nasa.gov Marshall, John 2 Richard, Denis 1 Adler, David 2 Adler, Benjamin 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 90, p28; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: VISIBLE spectrometers; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: STOKES parameters; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exospheric dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mie scattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.11.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hua, Kien A.
AU  - Shaykhian, Gholam Ali
AU  - Beil, Robert J.
AU  - AKPINAR, KUTALMIS
AU  - Martin, Kyle A.
T1  - Saliency-Based CBIR System for Exploring Lunar Surface Imagery.
JO  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
JF  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Y1  - 2014/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 21535868
AB  - Recent NASA missions like the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) have produced vast archives of surface imagery that must be analyzed to locate landmarks with distinctive visual features, like craters, which provide important information about geologic history and potential mineral resources. Content Based Image Retrieval allows large archives of images to be efficiently queried based on visual content by indexing multidimensional feature vectors extracted from the images. Unlike images of particular objects or scenes traditionally retrieved using CBIR, surface images are not focused on any particular landmark so they must be preprocessed to identify Regions of Interest (ROI) to be indexed for retrieval. Previous work identified ROIs using manual annotation and expensive detection algorithms for specific types of landmarks, such as Crater Detection Algorithms (CDA). In contrast, this work utilizes a generalpurpose saliency-based landmark detection algorithm for identifying ROIs which are then indexed for retrieval using feature vectors extracted from the ROI images. We evaluate the retrieval performance of several feature vectors and assess the saliency-based landmark detection performance in comparison to a comprehensive crater database created using manual annotation and a CDA. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the general-purpose saliencybased CBIR system for exploring lunar surface imagery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition is the property of ASEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOON
KW  - CONTENT-based image retrieval
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - IMAGE retrieval
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - STUDY & teaching
N1  - Accession Number: 115955871; Hua, Kien A. 1 Shaykhian, Gholam Ali 2 Beil, Robert J. 3 AKPINAR, KUTALMIS 4 Martin, Kyle A. 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Central Florida  2: NASA  3: NASA Engineering and Safety Center  4: School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Central Florida; Source Info: 2014, p1; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: CONTENT-based image retrieval; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: IMAGE retrieval; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: STUDY & teaching; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morgan, Joseph A.
AU  - Porter, Jay R.
AU  - Rojdev, Kristina
AU  - Carrejo, Daniel
AU  - Colozza, Anthony J.
T1  - NASA Wireless Smart Plug: A Successful ESET Capstone Design Project.
JO  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
JF  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Y1  - 2014/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 21535868
AB  - NASA has been interested in technology development for deep space exploration, and one avenue of developing these technologies is via the eXploration Habitat (X-Hab) Academic Innovation Challenge. In 2013, NASA's Deep Space Habitat (DSH) project was in need of sensors that could monitor the power consumption of various devices in the habitat with added capability to control the power to these devices for load shedding in emergency situations. Texas A&M University's Electronic Systems Engineering Technology Program (ESET) in conjunction with their Mobile Integrated Solutions Laboratory (MISL) accepted this challenge, and over the course of 2013, several undergraduate students in a Capstone design course developed five wireless DC Smart Plugs for NASA. The wireless DC Smart Plugs developed by Texas A&M in conjunction with NASA's Deep Space Habitat team is a first step in developing wireless instrumentation for future flight hardware. This paper will further discuss the X-Hab challenge and requirements set out by NASA, the detailed design and testing performed by Texas A&M, challenges faced by the team and lessons learned, and potential future work on this design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition is the property of ASEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENGINEERING -- Study & teaching (Higher)
KW  - CAPSTONE courses
KW  - WIRELESS sensor networks
KW  - SPACE flight -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - TEXAS A & M University
N1  - Accession Number: 115955734; Morgan, Joseph A. 1 Porter, Jay R. 1 Rojdev, Kristina 2 Carrejo, Daniel 2 Colozza, Anthony J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University  2: NASA  3: Research engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: 2014, p1; Subject Term: ENGINEERING -- Study & teaching (Higher); Subject Term: CAPSTONE courses; Subject Term: WIRELESS sensor networks; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Equipment & supplies; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: TEXAS A & M University; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shaykhian, Gholam Ali
AU  - Khairi, Mohd A.
T1  - CENTRALIZED OR FEDERATED DATA MANAGEMENT MODELS, IT PROFESSIONALS' PREFERENCES.
JO  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
JF  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Y1  - 2014/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 21535868
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate IT professionals' preferences and experiences with the suitable data management models (Centralized Data Model or Federated Data Model) selection. The goal is to determine the best architectural model for managing enterprise data; and help organizations to select an architectural model. The study compared and contrasted the federated and centralized data models within the context of business and technology requirements using a survey method. Each model is ranked using the following set of applicable factors: cost, schedule, performance, efficiency, limitations, risk, training, operations, compliances, deployment, security, accessibility, dependability, data quality, stability, maintainability, reliability, availability, flexibility, scalability, and predictability. The survey involved practitioners working in various aspects of enterprise data management and use various MDM tools and technologies for organization's business requirements. IT Professionals have detailed insights and knowledge into the practical aspect of the data management technologies. Therefore, they can identify any gaps or deficiency that may exist with the usage of the data management models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition is the property of ASEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFORMATION technology
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing -- Research
KW  - MOBILE computing -- Research
KW  - INFORMATION science
KW  - MANAGEMENT information systems
KW  - OFFICIALS & employees
N1  - Accession Number: 115955084; Shaykhian, Gholam Ali 1 Khairi, Mohd A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA  2: Najran University; Source Info: 2014, p1; Subject Term: INFORMATION technology; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing -- Research; Subject Term: MOBILE computing -- Research; Subject Term: INFORMATION science; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT information systems; Subject Term: OFFICIALS & employees; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shaykhian, Gholam Ali
AU  - Khairi, Mohd Abdelgadir
T1  - FACTORS INFLUENCE DATA MANAGEMENT MODELS SELECTION.
JO  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
JF  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Y1  - 2014/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 21535868
AB  - Data Management Models selection (Centralized Data Model or Federated Data Model) for managing organization data is influenced by many factors. This paper explains 21 factors that are useful to select an architectural model. Information technology leaders must understand the impact of factors such as cost, quality, and availability on the model selections. The study indicates that all factors except for Training, Reliability, Scalability, and Maintainability were found to be significantly contributed to the selection of the Data Management architectural model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition is the property of ASEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing -- Research
KW  - BUSINESS intelligence
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Business intelligence
KW  - INFORMATION technology -- Research
KW  - DATA quality
N1  - Accession Number: 115955411; Shaykhian, Gholam Ali 1 Khairi, Mohd Abdelgadir 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA  2: Najran University; Source Info: 2014, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing -- Research; Subject Term: BUSINESS intelligence; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Business intelligence; Subject Term: INFORMATION technology -- Research; Subject Term: DATA quality; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - STUMPE, MARTIN C.
AU  - SMITH, JEFFREY C.
AU  - CATANZARITE, JOSEPH H.
AU  - CLEVE, JEFFREY E. VAN
AU  - JENKINS, JON M.
AU  - TWICKEN, JOSEPH D.
AU  - GIROUARD, FORREST R.
T1  - Multiscale Systematic Error Correction via Wavelet-Based Bandsplitting in Kepler Data.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 126
IS  - 935
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 114
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The previous presearch data conditioning algorithm, PDC-MAP, for the Kepler data processing pipeline performs very well for the majority of targets in the Kepler field of view. However, for an appreciable minority, PDC-MAP has its limitations. To further minimize the number of targets for which PDC-MAP fails to perform admirably, we have developed a new method, called multiscale MAP, or msMAP. Utilizing an overcomplete discrete wavelet transform, the new method divides each light curve into multiple channels, or bands. The light curves in each band are then corrected separately, thereby allowing for a better separation of characteristic signals and improved removal of the systematics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - MEASUREMENT errors
KW  - WAVELET transforms
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MULTISCALE modeling
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 94137903; STUMPE, MARTIN C. 1,2,3; Email Address: jeffrey.smith@nasa.gov SMITH, JEFFREY C. 1,2 CATANZARITE, JOSEPH H. 1,2 CLEVE, JEFFREY E. VAN 1,2 JENKINS, JON M. 1,2 TWICKEN, JOSEPH D. 1,2 GIROUARD, FORREST R. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043  3: Google, Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043  4: Orbital Sciences Corporation, 21839 Atlantic Boulevard, Dulles, VA 20166; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 126 Issue 935, p100; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT errors; Subject Term: WAVELET transforms; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MULTISCALE modeling; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werneth, Charles M.
AU  - Maung, Khin M.
AU  - Blattnig, Steve R.
AU  - Clowdsley, Martha S.
AU  - Townsend, Lawrence W.
T1  - Radiation shielding effectiveness with correlated uncertainties.
JO  - Radiation Measurements
JF  - Radiation Measurements
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 60
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
SN  - 13504487
AB  - Abstract: The space radiation environment is composed of energetic particles which can deliver harmful doses of radiation that may lead to acute radiation sickness, cancer, and even death for insufficiently shielded crew members. Spacecraft shielding must provide structural integrity and minimize the risk associated with radiation exposure. The risk of radiation exposure induced death (REID) is a measure of the risk of dying from cancer induced by radiation exposure. Uncertainties in the risk projection model, quality factor, and spectral fluence are folded into the calculation of the REID by sampling from probability distribution functions. Consequently, determining optimal shielding materials that reduce the REID in a statistically significant manner has been found to be difficult. In this work, the difference of the REID distributions for different materials is used to study the effect of composition on shielding effectiveness. It is shown that the use of correlated uncertainties allows for the determination of statistically significant differences between materials despite the large uncertainties in the quality factor. This is in contrast to previous methods where uncertainties have been generally treated as uncorrelated. It is concluded that the use of correlated quality factor uncertainties greatly reduces the uncertainty in the assessment of shielding effectiveness for the mitigation of radiation exposure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Measurements is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - SOLAR energetic particles
KW  - RADIATION injuries
KW  - RISK assessment
KW  - QUALITY factor
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - Effective dose
KW  - Quality factor
KW  - REID
N1  - Accession Number: 93591536; Werneth, Charles M. 1; Email Address: Charles.M.Werneth@nasa.gov Maung, Khin M. 2 Blattnig, Steve R. 1 Clowdsley, Martha S. 1 Townsend, Lawrence W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: University of Southern Mississippi, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 118 College Dr., Box 5046, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA  3: University of Tennessee, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 315 Pasqua Engineering Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 60, p23; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: SOLAR energetic particles; Subject Term: RADIATION injuries; Subject Term: RISK assessment; Subject Term: QUALITY factor; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Effective dose; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quality factor; Author-Supplied Keyword: REID; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.radmeas.2013.11.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abshire, James B.
AU  - Ramanathan, Anand
AU  - Riris, Haris
AU  - Jianping Mao
AU  - Allan, Graham R.
AU  - Hasselbrack, William E.
AU  - Weaver, Clark J.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
T1  - Airborne Measurements of CO2 Column Concentration and Range Using a Pulsed Direct-Detection IPDA Lidar.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 469
SN  - 20724292
AB  - We have previously demonstrated a pulsed direct detection IPDA lidar to measure range and the column concentration of atmospheric CO2. The lidar measures the atmospheric backscatter profiles and samples the shape of the 1,572.33 nm CO2 absorption line. We participated in the ASCENDS science flights on the NASA DC-8 aircraft during August 2011 and report here lidar measurements made on four flights over a variety of surface and cloud conditions near the US. These included over a stratus cloud deck over the Pacific Ocean, to a dry lake bed surrounded by mountains in Nevada, to a desert area with a coal-fired power plant, and from the Rocky Mountains to Iowa, with segments with both cumulus and cirrus clouds. Most flights were to altitudes >12 km and had 5-6 altitude steps. Analyses show the retrievals of lidar range, CO2 column absorption, and CO2 mixing ratio worked well when measuring over topography with rapidly changing height and reflectivity, through thin clouds, between cumulus clouds, and to stratus cloud tops. The retrievals shows the decrease in column CO2 due to growing vegetation when flying over Iowa cropland as well as a sudden increase in CO2 concentration near a coal-fired power plant. For regions where the CO2 concentration was relatively constant, the measured CO2 absorption lineshape (averaged for 50 s) matched the predicted shapes to better than 1% RMS error. For 10 s averaging, the scatter in the retrievals was typically 2-3 ppm and was limited by the received signal photon count. Retrievals were made using atmospheric parameters from both an atmospheric model and from in situ temperature and pressure from the aircraft. The retrievals had no free parameters and did not use empirical adjustments, and >70% of the measurements passed screening and were used in analysis. The differences between the lidar-measured retrievals and in situ measured average CO2 column concentrations were <1.4 ppm for flight measurement altitudes >6 km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - PULSE-width modulation
KW  - COAL-fired power plants
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - MOUNTAINS
KW  - NEVADA
KW  - atmospheric CO2
KW  - CO2 DIAL lidar
KW  - IPDA lidar
N1  - Accession Number: 94072466; Abshire, James B. 1; Email Address: james.b.abshire@nasa.gov Ramanathan, Anand 2; Email Address: anand.ramanathan@nasa.gov Riris, Haris 1; Email Address: haris.riris-1@nasa.gov Jianping Mao 2; Email Address: jianping.mao@nasa.gov Allan, Graham R. 3; Email Address: graham.r.allan@nasa.gov Hasselbrack, William E. 3; Email Address: william.e.hasselbrack@nasa.gov Weaver, Clark J. 2; Email Address: clark.j.weaver@nasa.gov Browell, Edward V. 4; Email Address: edward.v.browell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA  3: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p443; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: PULSE-width modulation; Subject Term: COAL-fired power plants; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: MOUNTAINS; Subject Term: NEVADA; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 DIAL lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: IPDA lidar; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs6010443
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Plotnikov, Elizaveta Y.
AU  - Mao, Zugang
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Temporal evolution of the γ(fcc)/γ′(L12) interfacial width in binary Ni–Al alloys.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 70
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 54
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The temporal evolution of γ′(L12 structure) precipitates is studied in Ni–12.5at.% Al and Ni–13.4at.% Al alloys, aged at 823 and 873K, utilizing three-dimensional atom-probe tomography. The values of the interfacial widths, δ(t)s, between the γ(face-centered cubic) and γ′ phases are calculated utilizing proximity histograms. It is demonstrated that δ(t) decreases continuously with increasing aging time for both Ni–Al alloys: that is, the δ(t)s decrease with increasing mean precipitate radius, . The ratio decreases, to first order, as . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-aluminum alloys
KW  - ELECTRODE reactions
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - HISTOGRAMS
KW  - BINARY metallic systems
KW  - Atom-probe tomography
KW  - Interfacial width
KW  - Nickel–aluminum alloys
KW  - Vacancy-mediated lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations
N1  - Accession Number: 91629340; Plotnikov, Elizaveta Y. 1 Mao, Zugang 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Seidman, David N. 1,3; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Northwestern University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography, Evanston, IL 60208-3018, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 70, p51; Subject Term: NICKEL-aluminum alloys; Subject Term: ELECTRODE reactions; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: HISTOGRAMS; Subject Term: BINARY metallic systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom-probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial width; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel–aluminum alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vacancy-mediated lattice kinetic Monte Carlo simulations; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.09.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castro, Saullo G.P.
AU  - Zimmermann, Rolf
AU  - Arbelo, Mariano A.
AU  - Khakimova, Regina
AU  - Hilburger, Mark W.
AU  - Degenhardt, Richard
T1  - Geometric imperfections and lower-bound methods used to calculate knock-down factors for axially compressed composite cylindrical shells.
JO  - Thin-Walled Structures
JF  - Thin-Walled Structures
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 118
EP  - 132
SN  - 02638231
AB  - Abstract: The important role of geometric imperfections on the decrease of the buckling load for thin-walled cylinders had been recognized already by the first authors investigating the theoretical approaches on this topic. However, there are currently no closed-form solutions to take imperfections into account already during the early design phases, forcing the analysts to use lower-bound methods to calculate the required knock-down factors (KDF). Lower-bound methods such as the empirical NASA SP-8007 guideline are commonly used in the aerospace and space industries, while the approaches based on the Reduced Stiffness Method (RSM) have been used mostly in the civil engineering field. Since 1970s a considerable number of experimental and numerical investigations have been conducted to develop new stochastic and deterministic methods for calculating less conservative KDFs. Among the deterministic approaches, the single perturbation load approach (SPLA), proposed by Hühne, will be further investigated for axially compressed fiber composite cylindrical shells and compared with four other methods commonly used to create geometric imperfections: linear buckling mode-shaped, geometric dimples, axisymmetric imperfections and measured geometric imperfections from test articles. The finite element method using static analysis with artificial damping is used to simulate the displacement controlled compression tests up to the post-buckled range of loading. The implementation of each method is explained in details and the different KDFs obtained are compared. The study is part of the European Union (EU) project DESICOS, whose aim is to combine stochastic and deterministic approaches to develop less conservative guidelines for the design of imperfection sensitive structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Thin-Walled Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYLINDRICAL shells (Engineering)
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - THIN-walled structures
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - Axial compression
KW  - Buckling
KW  - Composite
KW  - Cylinders
KW  - Geometric imperfections
KW  - Knock-down factor
N1  - Accession Number: 92732141; Castro, Saullo G.P. 1,2; Email Address: castrosaullo@gmail.com Zimmermann, Rolf 3 Arbelo, Mariano A. 1 Khakimova, Regina 3 Hilburger, Mark W. 4 Degenhardt, Richard 3; Affiliation:  1: Private University of Applied Sciences Göttingen, Airbus-Strasse 6, Stade 21684, Germany  2: EMBRAER, Brazilian Aerospace Company, Brazil  3: German Aerospace Center – DLR, Lilienthalplatz 7, Braunschweig 38108, Germany  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 74, p118; Subject Term: CYLINDRICAL shells (Engineering); Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: THIN-walled structures; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Axial compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cylinders; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometric imperfections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Knock-down factor; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tws.2013.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara A.C.
AU  - Rogge, Matthew D.
AU  - Raymond Parker, F.
T1  - Guided waves in anisotropic and quasi-isotropic aerospace composites: Three-dimensional simulation and experiment.
JO  - Ultrasonics
JF  - Ultrasonics
Y1  - 2014/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 385
EP  - 394
SN  - 0041624X
AB  - Highlights: [•] 3D guided wave propagation in composite laminates is simulated using elastodynamic finite integration technique. [•] Time domain and wavenumber domain comparisons are made between simulation, experimental data, and dispersion curves. [•] Results of comparisons match fairly closely and expected reasons for observed differences are discussed. [•] X-ray microfocus computed tomography data for a real composite delamination is incorporated into the simulation. [•] Results for delamination case demonstrate that complex geometry damage leads to unique scattering and mode conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ultrasonics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - X-rays
KW  - COMPUTED tomography
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - Composite
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Finite integration
KW  - Guided wave
KW  - Simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 90203742; Leckey, Cara A.C. 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov Rogge, Matthew D. 1 Raymond Parker, F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p385; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: COMPUTED tomography; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guided wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kempes, Christopher P.
AU  - Chinweike Okegbe
AU  - Mears-Clarke, Zwoisaint
AU  - Follows, Michael J.
AU  - Dietrich, Lars E. P.
T1  - Morphological optimization for access to dual oxidants in biofilms.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2014/01/07/
VL  - 111
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 208
EP  - 213
SN  - 00278424
AB  - A major theme driving research in biology is the relationship between form and function. In particular, a longstanding goal has been to understand how the evolution of multicellularity conferred fitness advantages. Here we show that biofilms of the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa produce structures that maximize cellular reproduction. Specifically, we develop a mathematical model of resource availability and metabolic response within colony features. This analysis accurately predicts the measured distribution of two types of electron acceptors: oxygen, which is available from the atmosphere, and phenazines, redox-active antibiotics produced by the bacterium. Using this model, we demonstrate that the geometry of colony structures is optimal with respect to growth efficiency. Because our model is based on resource dynamics, we also can anticipate shifts in feature geometry based on changes to the availability of electron acceptors, including variations in the external availability of oxygen and genetic manipulation that renders the cells incapable of phenazine production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - BIOFILMS
KW  - PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa
KW  - BACTERIAL physiology
KW  - ELECTROPHILES
KW  - ANTIBIOTICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 93610703; Kempes, Christopher P. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: ckempes@gmail.com Chinweike Okegbe 5 Mears-Clarke, Zwoisaint 5 Follows, Michael J. 4 Dietrich, Lars E. P. 5; Email Address: LDietrich@columbia.edu; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Control and Dynamical Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94034  4: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139  5: Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; Source Info: 1/7/2014, Vol. 111 Issue 1, p208; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: BIOFILMS; Subject Term: PSEUDOMONAS aeruginosa; Subject Term: BACTERIAL physiology; Subject Term: ELECTROPHILES; Subject Term: ANTIBIOTICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424210 Drugs and Druggists' Sundries Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1315521110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ly, Chun
AU  - Malkan, Matthew A.
AU  - Nagao, Tohru
AU  - Kashikawa, Nobunari
AU  - Shimasaku, Kazuhiro
AU  - Hayashi, Masao
T1  - “DIRECT” GAS-PHASE METALLICITIES, STELLAR PROPERTIES, AND LOCAL ENVIRONMENTS OF EMISSION-LINE GALAXIES AT REDSHIFTS BELOW 0.90.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/01/10/
VL  - 780
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 122
EP  - 149
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Using deep narrow-band (NB) imaging and optical spectroscopy from the Keck telescope and MMT, we identify a sample of 20 emission-line galaxies at z = 0.065-0.90 where the weak auroral emission line, [O III] λ4363, is detected at ⩾3σ. These detections allow us to determine the gas-phase metallicity using the “direct” method. With electron temperature measurements, and dust attenuation corrections from Balmer decrements, we find that four of these low-mass galaxies are extremely metal-poor with 12 + log (O/H) ⩽ 7.65 or one-tenth solar. Our most metal-deficient galaxy has 12 + log (O/H) = 7.24 (95% confidence), similar to some of the lowest metallicity galaxies identified in the local universe. We find that our galaxies are all undergoing significant star formation with average specific star formation rate (SFR) of (100 Myr)–1, and that they have high central SFR surface densities (average of 0.5 M☼ yr–1 kpc–2). In addition, more than two-thirds of our galaxies have between one and four nearby companions within a projected radius of 100 kpc, which we find is an excess among star-forming galaxies at z = 0.4-0.85. We also find that the gas-phase metallicities for a given stellar mass and SFR lie systematically lower than the local M⋆-Z-(SFR) relation by ≈0.2 dex (2σ significance). These results are partly due to selection effects, since galaxies with strong star formation and low metallicity are more likely to yield [O III] λ4363 detections. Finally, the observed higher ionization parameter and high electron density suggest that they are lower redshift analogs to typical z ≳ 1 galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSION-line galaxies
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - GALAXIES -- Spectra
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
N1  - Accession Number: 94290175; Ly, Chun 1,2,3; Email Address: chun.ly@nasa.gov Malkan, Matthew A. 4 Nagao, Tohru 5,6,7 Kashikawa, Nobunari 8,9 Shimasaku, Kazuhiro 10,11 Hayashi, Masao 8; Affiliation:  1: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA  2: Current address: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.  3: Giacconi Fellow.  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA  5: Research Center for Space and Cosmic Evolution, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan  6: The Hakubi Project, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan  7: Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan  8: Optical and Infrared Astronomy Division, National Astronomical Observatory, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan  9: Department of Astronomy, School of Science, Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan  10: Department of Astronomy, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan  11: Research Center for the Early Universe, School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Source Info: 1/10/2014, Vol. 780 Issue 2, p122; Subject Term: EMISSION-line galaxies; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Spectra; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/122
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werner, M. W.
AU  - Sahai, R.
AU  - Davis, J.
AU  - Livingston, J.
AU  - Lykou, F.
AU  - Buizer, J. DE
AU  - Morris, M. R.
AU  - Keller, L.
AU  - Adams, J.
AU  - Gull, G.
AU  - Henderson, C.
AU  - Herter, T.
AU  - Schoenwald, J.
T1  - MID-INFRARED IMAGING OF THE BIPOLAR PLANETARY NEBULA M2-9 FROM SOFIA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/01/10/
VL  - 780
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 156
EP  - 166
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have imaged the bipolar planetary nebula M2-9 using SOFIA's FORCAST instrument in six wavelength bands between 6.6 and 37.1 μm. A bright central point source, unresolved with SOFIA's ∼4″-5″ beam, is seen at each wavelength, and the extended bipolar lobes are clearly seen at 19.7 μm and beyond. The photometry between 10 and 25 μm is well fit by the emission predicted from a stratified disk seen at large inclination, as has been proposed for this source by Lykou et al. and by Smith and Gehrz. The principal new results in this paper relate to the distribution and properties of the dust that emits the infrared radiation. In particular, a considerable fraction of this material is spread uniformly through the lobes, although the dust density does increase at the sharp outer edge seen in higher resolution optical images of M2-9. The dust grain population in the lobes shows that small (<0.1 μm) and large (>1 μm) particles appear to be present in roughly equal amounts by mass. We suggest that collisional processing within the bipolar outflow plays an important role in establishing the particle size distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 94290136; Werner, M. W. 1; Email Address: Michael.W.Werner@jpl.nasa.gov Sahai, R. 1 Davis, J. 1 Livingston, J. 1 Lykou, F. 2 Buizer, J. DE 3 Morris, M. R. 4 Keller, L. 5 Adams, J. 6 Gull, G. 6 Henderson, C. 6 Herter, T. 6 Schoenwald, J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91107, USA  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Turkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180, Vienna, Austria  3: USRA SOFIA Science Center, M/S 211-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Division of Astronomy, P.O. Box 951547, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  5: Department of Physics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: 1/10/2014, Vol. 780 Issue 2, p156; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/156
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaplan, David L.
AU  - Marsh, Thomas R.
AU  - Walker, Arielle N.
AU  - Bildsten, Lars
AU  - Bours, Madelon C. P.
AU  - Breedt, Elmé
AU  - Copperwheat, Chris M.
AU  - Dhillon, Vik S.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Littlefair, Stuart P.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
AU  - Steinfadt, Justin D. R.
T1  - PROPERTIES OF AN ECLIPSING DOUBLE WHITE DWARF BINARY NLTT 11748.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/01/10/
VL  - 780
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
EP  - 176
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present high-quality ULTRACAM photometry of the eclipsing detached double white dwarf binary NLTT 11748. This system consists of a carbon/oxygen white dwarf and an extremely low mass (<0.2 M☼) helium-core white dwarf in a 5.6 hr orbit. To date, such extremely low-mass white dwarfs, which can have thin, stably burning outer layers, have been modeled via poorly constrained atmosphere and cooling calculations where uncertainties in the detailed structure can strongly influence the eventual fates of these systems when mass transfer begins. With precise (individual precision ≈1%), high-cadence (≈2 s), multicolor photometry of multiple primary and secondary eclipses spanning >1.5 yr, we constrain the masses and radii of both objects in the NLTT 11748 system to a statistical uncertainty of a few percent. However, we find that overall uncertainty in the thickness of the envelope of the secondary carbon/oxygen white dwarf leads to a larger (≈13%) systematic uncertainty in the primary He WD's mass. Over the full range of possible envelope thicknesses, we find that our primary mass (0.136-0.162 M☼) and surface gravity (log (g) = 6.32-6.38; radii are 0.0423-0.0433 R☼) constraints do not agree with previous spectroscopic determinations. We use precise eclipse timing to detect the Rømer delay at 7σ significance, providing an additional weak constraint on the masses and limiting the eccentricity to ecos ω = (– 4 ± 5) × 10–5. Finally, we use multicolor data to constrain the secondary's effective temperature (7600 ± 120 K) and cooling age (1.6-1.7 Gyr). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - STELLAR masses
N1  - Accession Number: 94290148; Kaplan, David L. 1; Email Address: kaplan@uwm.edu. Marsh, Thomas R. 2 Walker, Arielle N. 1 Bildsten, Lars 3,4 Bours, Madelon C. P. 2 Breedt, Elmé 2 Copperwheat, Chris M. 5 Dhillon, Vik S. 6 Howell, Steve B. 7 Littlefair, Stuart P. 6 Shporer, Avi 8 Steinfadt, Justin D. R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK  3: Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics and Department of Physics, Kohn Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  4: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  5: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 1/10/2014, Vol. 780 Issue 2, p167; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/167
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guyon, Olivier
AU  - Hinz, Philip M.
AU  - Cady, Eric
AU  - Belikov, Ruslan
AU  - Martinache, Frantz
T1  - HIGH PERFORMANCE LYOT AND PIAA CORONAGRAPHY FOR ARBITRARILY SHAPED TELESCOPE APERTURES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/01/10/
VL  - 780
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 188
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Two high-performance coronagraphic approaches compatible with segmented and obstructed telescope pupils are described. Both concepts use entrance pupil amplitude apodization and a combined phase and amplitude focal plane mask to achieve full coronagraphic extinction of an on-axis point source. While the first concept, called Apodized Pupil Complex Mask Lyot Coronagraph (APCMLC), relies on a transmission mask to perform the pupil apodization, the second concept, called Phase-Induced Amplitude Apodization complex mask coronagraph (PIAACMC), uses beam remapping for lossless apodization. Both concepts theoretically offer complete coronagraphic extinction (infinite contrast) of a point source in monochromatic light, with high throughput and sub-λ/D inner working angle, regardless of aperture shape. The PIAACMC offers nearly 100% throughput and approaches the fundamental coronagraph performance limit imposed by first principles. The steps toward designing the coronagraphs for arbitrary apertures are described for monochromatic light. Designs for the APCMLC and the higher performance PIAACMC are shown for several monolith and segmented apertures, such as the apertures of the Subaru Telescope, Giant Magellan Telescope, Thirty Meter Telescope, the European Extremely Large Telescope, and the Large Binocular Telescope. Performance in broadband light is also quantified, suggesting that the monochromatic designs are suitable for use in up to 20% wide spectral bands for ground-based telescopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - OPTICAL apertures
KW  - MONOCHROMATIC light
KW  - OPTICAL diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 94290152; Guyon, Olivier 1,2; Email Address: guyon@naoj.org Hinz, Philip M. 1 Cady, Eric 3 Belikov, Ruslan 4 Martinache, Frantz 2; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Subaru Telescope, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 1/10/2014, Vol. 780 Issue 2, p171; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: OPTICAL apertures; Subject Term: MONOCHROMATIC light; Subject Term: OPTICAL diffraction; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/780/2/171
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94290152&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin-Woo Han
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Sub-picowatt volatile memory cell based on double-barrier tunnel junction.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2014/01/13/
VL  - 104
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 022107-1
EP  - 022107-3
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A bistable resistor as a volatile memory is proposed. A silicon island sandwiched with a double barrier oxide tunnel junction is used as storage node. The write operations are conducted by direct tunneling. The charges are localized on one side of the two silicon-oxide interfaces, and the position of the charge is interchanged upon the polarity of the applied voltages. The bistable data states are clearly identified and all operations are performed under a voltage below 1V and a current below 1 pA. The present device can be a promising candidate for ultra low-power capacitorless dynamic random access memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds
KW  - SILICON
KW  - SILICON oxide
KW  - TUNNEL junctions (Materials science)
KW  - RANDOM access memory
N1  - Accession Number: 93874293; Jin-Woo Han 1; Email Address: jin-woo.han@nasa.gov Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 1/13/2014, Vol. 104 Issue 2, p022107-1; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: SILICON oxide; Subject Term: TUNNEL junctions (Materials science); Subject Term: RANDOM access memory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4862268
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Chato, David
AU  - McQuillen, John
T1  - Screen channel LAD bubble point tests in liquid hydrogen.
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2014/01/13/
VL  - 39
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 853
EP  - 861
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents experimental results for the liquid hydrogen bubble point tests for liquid acquisition devices (LADs) operating in low gravity cryogenic propulsion systems. The purpose of the test was to investigate parameters that affect screen channel LAD performance in a low pressure liquid hydrogen (LH2) propellant tank and to demonstrate several ways to increase the LH2 bubble point pressure. Three fine mesh screen channel LAD samples were tested in LH2 over the range of 16.7 K < T < 21.1 K and 31.5 kPa < P < 155 kPa using gaseous helium and hydrogen as pressurant gases. Results show that bubble point pressure is affected by screen mesh type, liquid temperature and pressure, and type of pressurization gas. Higher bubble points are achieved by using a finer mesh screen and pressurizing and subcooling the liquid with gaseous helium. In addition, there is evidence that the screen pore is itself temperature dependent. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - HYDROGEN production
KW  - HYDROGEN as fuel
KW  - COOLING
KW  - Bubble point
KW  - Cryogenics
KW  - Liquid acquisition device
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Propulsion
KW  - Surface tension
N1  - Accession Number: 92899720; Hartwig, Jason 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Chato, David 1 McQuillen, John 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 39 Issue 2, p853; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: HYDROGEN production; Subject Term: HYDROGEN as fuel; Subject Term: COOLING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bubble point; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition device; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface tension; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2013.10.133
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Nurge, Mark A.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
AU  - Koontz, Steven L.
T1  - Thick galactic cosmic radiation shielding using atmospheric data.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2014/01/15/
VL  - 94
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 132
EP  - 138
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Abstract: NASA is concerned with protecting astronauts from the effects of galactic cosmic radiation and has expended substantial effort in the development of computer models to predict the shielding obtained from various materials. However, these models were only developed for shields up to about 120g/cm2 in mass thickness and have predicted that shields of this mass thickness are insufficient to provide adequate protection for extended deep space flights. Consequently, effort is underway to extend the range of these models to thicker shields and experimental data is required to help confirm the resulting code. In this paper empirically obtained effective dose measurements from aircraft flights in the atmosphere are used to obtain the radiation shielding function of the Earth's atmosphere, a very thick, i.e. high mass, shield. Obtaining this result required solving an inverse problem and the method for solving it is presented. The results are shown to be in agreement with current code in the ranges where they overlap. These results are then checked and used to predict the radiation dosage under thick shields such as planetary regolith and the atmosphere of Venus. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - SHIELDING (Radiation)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Atmospheric radiation
KW  - Galactic cosmic radiation
KW  - Inverse problem
KW  - Radiation protection
KW  - Radiation shielding
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 92873043; Youngquist, Robert C. 1; Email Address: Robert.C.Youngquist@nasa.gov Nurge, Mark A. 1 Starr, Stanley O. 1 Koontz, Steven L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mail-Stop NE-L5, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  2: Mail-Stop ES-411, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson Space Center, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 94 Issue 1, p132; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: SHIELDING (Radiation); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galactic cosmic radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation shielding; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.08.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92873043&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norris, Kate J.
AU  - Zhang, Junce
AU  - Fryauf, David M.
AU  - Gibson, Gary A.
AU  - Barcelo, Steven J.
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Nanoimprint lithography based selective area growth of indium phosphide nanopillar arrays on non-single-crystal templates.
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2014/01/15/
VL  - 386
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 112
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: Selective area growth (SAG) of single crystalline indium phosphide (InP) nanopillars was demonstrated on an array of template segments composed of a stack of gold and amorphous silicon. The template segments were patterned by UV nanoimprint lithography on a silicon substrate covered with a natural oxide, and the SAG was achieved by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Our SAG is different from conventional SAG in one critical aspect. In our SAG, growth of InP takes place selectively on a pre-defined array of template segments made of non-single crystal materials on a foreign substrate. The grown InP nanopillars were studied for their structural, chemical and optical properties. The new SAG process is not limited to the specific materials such as InP nanopillars and silicon substrate used in this demonstration; our approach enables flexible and scalable nanofabrication using industrially proven tools and a wide range of semiconductors on various non-semiconductor substrates. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOIMPRINT lithography
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - INDIUM phosphide
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - CHEMICAL templates
KW  - A1. Nanostructures
KW  - A3. Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition
KW  - B1. Oxides
KW  - B2. Semiconducting III–V materials
N1  - Accession Number: 92518085; Norris, Kate J. 1,2; Email Address: katejeannenorris@gmail.com Zhang, Junce 1,2 Fryauf, David M. 1,2 Gibson, Gary A. 3 Barcelo, Steven J. 3 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz – NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, 1501 Page Mill Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 386, p107; Subject Term: NANOIMPRINT lithography; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: INDIUM phosphide; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: CHEMICAL templates; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Nanostructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Metalorganic chemical vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. Oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. Semiconducting III–V materials; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2013.10.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
T1  - Air- and self-broadened half widths, pressure-induced shifts, and line mixing in the ν2 band of 12CH4.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2014/01/15/
VL  - 133
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 234
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Lorentz self- and air-broadened half width and pressure-induced shift coefficients and their dependences on temperature have been measured from laboratory absorption spectra for nearly 130 transitions in the ν2 band of 12CH4. In addition line mixing coefficients (using the relaxation matrix element formalism) for both self- and air-broadening were experimentally determined for the first time for a small number of transitions in this band. Accurate line positions and absolute line intensities were also determined. These parameters were obtained by analyzing high-resolution (~0.003 to 0.01cm−1) laboratory spectra of high-purity natural CH4 and air-broadened CH4 recorded at temperatures between 226 and 297K using the McMath–Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares technique was used to fit short (5–15cm−1) spectral intervals in 24–29 spectra simultaneously. Parameters were determined for ν2 transitions up to J″=16. The variations of the measured broadening and shift parameters with the rotational quantum number index and tetrahedral symmetry species are examined. The present results are also compared with previous measurements available in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURE broadening
KW  - LORENTZ force
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - ROTATIONAL quantum number
KW  - Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Methane
KW  - Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements
KW  - Pressure broadening
KW  - Pressure-induced shifts
KW  - Spectral line shape
N1  - Accession Number: 92525352; Smith, M.A.H. 1; Email Address: Mary.Ann.H.Smith@nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 2 Predoi-Cross, A. 3 Malathy Devi, V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, USA  3: Department of Physics, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, T1K 3M4; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 133, p217; Subject Term: PRESSURE broadening; Subject Term: LORENTZ force; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL quantum number; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-induced shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral line shape; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2013.08.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hou, Tan-Hung
AU  - Miller, Sandi G
AU  - Williams, Tiffany S
AU  - Sutter, James K
T1  - Out-of-autoclave processing and properties of bismaleimide composites.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2014/01/15/
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 149
AB  - *This paper is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States.The emergence of bismaleimide composites has fulfilled some of the increasing demand for higher temperature performance aeronautics and space exploration vehicles. This study examines and evaluates three bismaleimide matrix resins and two bismaleimide adhesives and reports on the processing properties of these resins and composites by out-of-autoclave–vacuum-bag-only oven processing. Measurements were conducted under various cure cycles to characterize and correlate thermal and viscoelastic properties of the materials. Specimens of all three aged matrix resins exhibited an out-time life up to 30 days when stored at room temperature. Solid and sandwich panels were fabricated with the out-of-autoclave–vacuum-bag-only process. Because of tooling limitations in industry practices, composite fabrication of these bismaleimides was restricted to a maximum 177℃ curing, followed by a free-standing postcuring at elevated temperatures in an oven. The adhesive foaming characteristics, composite resin/void content, flat wise tensile strength, and fracture surface features were evaluated. Due to the unique temperature limitations of this work, the resulting panel properties were not necessarily representative of manufacturer specifications or recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOCLAVES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - VISCOELASTIC materials
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Bismaleimide composites
KW  - out-of-autoclave process
KW  - sandwich structure
N1  - Accession Number: 94421308; Hou, Tan-Hung 1; Email Address: tan-hung.hou-1@nasa.gov Miller, Sandi G 2 Williams, Tiffany S 2 Sutter, James K 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p137; Subject Term: AUTOCLAVES; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: VISCOELASTIC materials; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bismaleimide composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: out-of-autoclave process; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339113 Surgical Appliance and Supplies Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332420 Metal Tank (Heavy Gauge) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4900
L3  - 10.1177/0731684413503050
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94421308&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caraway, Nina Marie
AU  - McCreight, James Lucian
AU  - Rajagopalan, Balaji
T1  - Multisite stochastic weather generation using cluster analysis and k-nearest neighbor time series resampling.
JO  - Journal of Hydrology
JF  - Journal of Hydrology
Y1  - 2014/01/16/
VL  - 508
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 213
SN  - 00221694
AB  - Highlights: [•] We develop a multisite, stochastic weather generator for hydrologic simulation. [•] Our approach combines precipitation-based clustering and Markov Chain states. [•] Simulation achieved through K-NN resampling based on Markov states. [•] Has option of simulation conditioned on seasonal probabilistic climate forecasts. [•] We simulate 66 locations in the 25,000 sq. mile San Juan River watershed of Colorado River Basin, USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Hydrology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC models
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - K-nearest neighbor classification
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - MARKOV chain Monte Carlo
KW  - Colorado River
KW  - Multisite
KW  - Nonparametric
KW  - San Juan River
KW  - Stochastic
KW  - Weather generation
N1  - Accession Number: 93271007; Caraway, Nina Marie 1; Email Address: nina.caraway@gmail.com McCreight, James Lucian 2 Rajagopalan, Balaji 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Ecological Forecasting Lab, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: Jan2014, Vol. 508, p197; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC models; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: K-nearest neighbor classification; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: MARKOV chain Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Colorado River; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multisite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonparametric; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Juan River; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weather generation; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.10.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Y.-J.
AU  - Chuang, K.-J.
AU  - Caro, G. M. Muñoz
AU  - Nuevo, M.
AU  - Chu, C.-C.
AU  - Yih, T.-S.
AU  - Ip, W.-H.
AU  - Wu, C.-Y. R.
T1  - VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET EMISSION SPECTRUM MEASUREMENT OF A MICROWAVE-DISCHARGE HYDROGEN-FLOW LAMP IN SEVERAL CONFIGURATIONS: APPLICATION TO PHOTODESORPTION OF CO ICE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/01/20/
VL  - 781
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 27
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report measurements of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission spectra of a microwave-discharge hydrogen-flow lamp (MDHL), a common tool in astrochemistry laboratories working on ice VUV photoprocessing. The MDHL provides hydrogen Ly-α (121.6 nm) and H2 molecular emission in the 110-180 nm range. We show that the spectral characteristics of the VUV light emitted in this range, in particular the relative proportion of Ly-α to molecular emission bands, strongly depend on the pressure of H2 inside the lamp, the lamp geometry (F type versus T type), the gas used (pure H2 versus H2 seeded in He), and the optical properties of the window used (MgF2 versus CaF2). These different configurations are used to study the VUV irradiation of CO ice at 14 K. In contrast to the majority of studies dedicated to the VUV irradiation of astrophysical ice analogs, which have not taken into consideration the emission spectrum of the MDHL, our results show that the processes induced by photons in CO ice from a broad energy range are different and more complex than the sum of individual processes induced by monochromatic sources spanning the same energy range, as a result of the existence of multistate electronic transitions and discrepancy in absorption cross sections between parent molecules and products in the Ly-α and H2 molecular emission ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAR ultraviolet radiation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LAMPS
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - ICE
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - PHOTONS
N1  - Accession Number: 94297906; Chen, Y.-J. 1,2; Email Address: yujung@usc.edu Chuang, K.-J. 2 Caro, G. M. Muñoz 3 Nuevo, M. 4,5 Chu, C.-C. 2 Yih, T.-S. 2 Ip, W.-H. 6 Wu, C.-Y. R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Center and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1341, USA  2: Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32054, Taiwan  3: Centro de Astrobiología, INTA-CSIC, Torrejón de Ardoz, E-28850 Madrid, Spain  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32049, Taiwan; Source Info: 1/20/2014, Vol. 781 Issue 1, p15; Subject Term: FAR ultraviolet radiation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LAMPS; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: PHOTONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423220 Home Furnishing Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335120 Lighting fixture manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 442298 All other home furnishings stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 442299 All Other Home Furnishings Stores; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/15
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mommert, Michael
AU  - Hora, Joseph L.
AU  - Harris, Alan W.
AU  - Reach, William T.
AU  - Emery, Joshua P.
AU  - Thomas, Cristina A.
AU  - Mueller, Michael
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Trilling, David E.
AU  - Delbo, Marco
AU  - Smith, Howard A.
T1  - THE DISCOVERY OF COMETARY ACTIVITY IN NEAR-EARTH ASTEROID (3552) DON QUIXOTE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/01/20/
VL  - 781
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
EP  - 34
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The near-Earth object (NEO) population, which mainly consists of fragments from collisions between asteroids in the main asteroid belt, is thought to include contributions from short-period comets as well. One of the most promising NEO candidates for a cometary origin is near-Earth asteroid (3552) Don Quixote, which has never been reported to show activity. Here we present the discovery of cometary activity in Don Quixote based on thermal-infrared observations made with the Spitzer Space Telescope in its 3.6 and 4.5 μm bands. Our observations clearly show the presence of a coma and a tail in the 4.5 μm but not in the 3.6 μm band, which is consistent with molecular band emission from CO2. Thermal modeling of the combined photometric data on Don Quixote reveals a diameter of 18.4 km and an albedo of , which confirms Don Quixote to be the third-largest known NEO. We derive an upper limit on the dust production rate of 1.9 kg s–1 and derive a CO2 gas production rate of (1.1 ± 0.1) × 1026 molecules s–1. Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectroscopic observations indicate the presence of fine-grained silicates, perhaps pyroxene rich, on the surface of Don Quixote. Our discovery suggests that CO2 can be present in near-Earth space over a long time. The presence of CO2 might also explain that Don Quixote's cometary nature remained hidden for nearly three decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR-Earth objects
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NEAR-earth asteroids -- Research
KW  - COMETS
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 94297862; Mommert, Michael 1,2 Hora, Joseph L. 3 Harris, Alan W. 1 Reach, William T. 4 Emery, Joshua P. 5 Thomas, Cristina A. 6 Mueller, Michael 7 Cruikshank, Dale P. 8 Trilling, David E. 2 Delbo, Marco 9 Smith, Howard A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Rutherfordstr. 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138-1516, USA  4: Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, MS 232-11, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  6: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  7: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Postbus 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: UNS-CNRS-Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, BP4229, F-06304 Nice Cedex 4, France; Source Info: 1/20/2014, Vol. 781 Issue 1, p25; Subject Term: NEAR-Earth objects; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NEAR-earth asteroids -- Research; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/781/1/25
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grotzinger, J. P.
AU  - Sumner, D. Y.
AU  - Kah, L. C.
AU  - Stack, K.
AU  - Gupta, S.
AU  - Edgar, L.
AU  - Rubin, D.
AU  - Lewis, †. K.
AU  - Schieber, J.
AU  - Mangold, N.
AU  - Milliken, R.
AU  - Conrad, P. G.
AU  - DesMarais, D.
AU  - Farmer, J.
AU  - Siebach, K.
AU  - Calef III, F.
AU  - Hurowitz, J.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Ming, D.
AU  - Vaniman, D.
T1  - A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2014/01/24/
VL  - 343
IS  - 6169
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 93984382; Grotzinger, J. P. 1; Email Address: grotz@gps.caltech.edu Sumner, D. Y. 2 Kah, L. C. 3 Stack, K. 1 Gupta, S. 4 Edgar, L. 5 Rubin, D. 6,7 Lewis, †. K. 8 Schieber, J. 9 Mangold, N. 10 Milliken, R. 11 Conrad, P. G. 12 DesMarais, D. 13 Farmer, J. 5 Siebach, K. 1 Calef III, F. 14 Hurowitz, J. 15 McLennan, S. M. 15 Ming, D. 16 Vaniman, D. 17; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  4: Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK  5: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  6: U.S. Geological Survey, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  8: Department of Geoscience, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  9: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA  10: Laboratoire Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes (LPGN), LPGN/CNRS UMR6112 and Université de Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France  11: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA  12: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  13: Department of Space Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  15: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York State at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2100, USA  16: Jacobs Technology, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  17: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: 1/24/2014, Vol. 343 Issue 6169, p1; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1242777
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93984382&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Anderson, R. B.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Bridges, J. C.
AU  - Calef III, F.
AU  - Campbell, J. L.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Clegg, S.
AU  - Conrad, P.
AU  - Cousin, A.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
AU  - Dromart, G.
AU  - Dyar, M. D.
AU  - Edgar, L. A.
AU  - Ehlmann, B. L.
AU  - Fabre, C.
AU  - Forni, O.
AU  - Gasnault, O.
AU  - Gellert, R.
AU  - Gordon, S.
T1  - Elemental Geochemistry of Sedimentary Rocks at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2014/01/24/
VL  - 343
IS  - 6169
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Sedimentary rocks examined by the Curiosity rover at Yellowknife Bay, Mars, were derived from sources that evolved from an approximately average martian crustal composition to one influenced by alkaline basalts. No evidence of chemical weathering is preserved, indicating arid, possibly cold, paleoclimates and rapid erosion and deposition. The absence of predicted geochemical variations indicates that magnetite and phyllosilicates formed by diagenesis under low-temperature, circumneutral pH, rock-dominated aqueous conditions. Analyses of diagenetic features (including concretions, raised ridges, and fractures) at high spatial resolution indicate that they are composed of iron- and halogen-rich components, magnesium-iron-chlorine-rich components, and hydrated calcium sulfates, respectively. Composition of a cross-cutting dike-like feature is consistent with sedimentary intrusion. The geochemistry of these sedimentary rocks provides further evidence for diverse depositional and diagenetic sedimentary environments during the early history of Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 93984396; McLennan, S. M. 1; Email Address: scott.mclennan@stonybrook.edu Anderson, R. B. 2 Bell III, J. F. 3 Bridges, J. C. 4 Calef III, F. 5 Campbell, J. L. 6 Clark, B. C. 7 Clegg, S. 8 Conrad, P. 9 Cousin, A. 8 Des Marais, D. J. 10 Dromart, G. 11 Dyar, M. D. 12 Edgar, L. A. 3 Ehlmann, B. L. 5,13 Fabre, C. 14 Forni, O. 15 Gasnault, O. 15 Gellert, R. 6 Gordon, S. 16; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA  2: U.S. Geological Survey, Astro-geology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  4: Space Research Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada  7: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  8: Chemistry Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  10: Department of Space Sciences, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Laboratoire de Geologié de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69364 Lyon, France  12: Department of Astronomy, Mt. Holyoke College, South Hadley, MA 01075, USA  13: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  14: UMR 7359 CNRS-Georesources, Campus des Aiguillettes, Faculté des Sciences, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy Cedex, France  15: IRAP, Université de Toulouse (UPS-OMP)/CNRS, 9 Avenue du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France  16: Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Source Info: 1/24/2014, Vol. 343 Issue 6169, p1; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1244734
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vaniman, D. T.
AU  - Bish, D. L.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Bristow, T. F.
AU  - Morris, R. V.
AU  - Blake, D. F.
AU  - Chipera, S. J.
AU  - Morrison, S. M.
AU  - Treiman, A. H.
AU  - Rampe, E. B.
AU  - Rice, M.
AU  - Achilles, C. N.
AU  - Grotzinger, †. J. P.
AU  - McLennan, S. M.
AU  - Williams, J.
AU  - Bell III, J. F.
AU  - Newsom, H. E.
AU  - Downs, R. T.
AU  - Maurice, S.
AU  - Sarrazin, P.
T1  - Mineralogy of a Mudstone at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2014/01/24/
VL  - 343
IS  - 6169
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Sedimentary rocks at Yellowknife Bay (Gale crater) on Mars include mudstone sampled by the Curiosity rover. The samples, John Klein and Cumberland, contain detrital basaltic minerals, calcium sulfates, iron oxide or hydroxides, iron sulfides, amorphous material, and trioctahedral smectites. The John Klein smectite has basal spacing of ~10 angstroms, indicating little interlayer hydration. The Cumberland smectite has basal spacing at both ~13.2 and ~10 angstroms. The larger spacing suggests a partially chloritized interlayer or interlayer magnesium or calcium facilitating H2O retention. Basaltic minerals in the mudstone are similar to those in nearby eolian deposits. However, the mudstone has far less Fe-forsterite, possibly lost with formation of smectite plus magnetite. Late Noachian/Early Hesperian or younger age indicates that clay mineral formation on Mars extended beyond Noachian time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - MUDSTONE
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - BASALT
KW  - SMECTITE
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 93984413; Vaniman, D. T. 1; Email Address: dvaniman@psi.edu Bish, D. L. 2 Ming, D. W. 3 Bristow, T. F. 4 Morris, R. V. 3 Blake, D. F. 4 Chipera, S. J. 5 Morrison, S. M. 6 Treiman, A. H. 7 Rampe, E. B. 3 Rice, M. 8 Achilles, C. N. 9 Grotzinger, †. J. P. 8 McLennan, S. M. 10 Williams, J. 11 Bell III, J. F. 12 Newsom, H. E. 11 Downs, R. T. 6 Maurice, S. 13 Sarrazin, P. 14; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK 73154, USA  6: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  7: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  8: Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: ESCG/UTC Aerospace Systems, Houston, TX 77058, USA  10: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA  11: Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA  12: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  13: Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Universite de Toulouse/CNRS, Toulouse 31400, France  14: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 1/24/2014, Vol. 343 Issue 6169, p1; Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: MUDSTONE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: BASALT; Subject Term: SMECTITE; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1243480
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dachi Yang
AU  - Carpena-NúÖez, Jennifer
AU  - Fonseca, Luis F.
AU  - Biaggi-Labiosa, Azlin
AU  - Hunter, Gary W.
T1  - Shape-controlled synthesis of palladium and copper superlattice nanowires for high-stability hydrogen sensors.
JO  - Scientific Reports
JF  - Scientific Reports
Y1  - 2014/01/24/
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 20452322
AB  - For hydrogen sensors built with pure Pd nanowires, the instabilities causing baseline drifting and temperature-driven sensing behavior are limiting factors when working within a wide temperature range. To enhance the material stability, we have developed superlattice-structured palladium and copper nanowires (PdCu NWs) with random-gapped, screw-threaded, and spiral shapes achieved by wet-chemical approaches. The microstructure of the PdCu NWs reveals novel superlattices composed of lattice groups structured by four-atomic layers of alternating Pd and Cu. Sensors built with these modified NWs show significantly reduced baseline drifting and lower critical temperature (259.4 K and 261 K depending on the PdCu structure) for the reverse sensing behavior than those with pure Pd NWs (287 K). Moreover, the response and recovery times of the PdCu NWs sensor were of ∼9 and ∼7 times faster than for Pd NWs sensors, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PALLADIUM
KW  - COPPER
KW  - SUPERLATTICES
KW  - HYDROGEN detectors
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - REMOTE sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 94135791; Dachi Yang 1 Carpena-NúÖez, Jennifer 1 Fonseca, Luis F. 1; Email Address: luis.fonseca@upr.edu Biaggi-Labiosa, Azlin 2 Hunter, Gary W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras San Juan, PR 00931, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 1/24/2014, p1; Subject Term: PALLADIUM; Subject Term: COPPER; Subject Term: SUPERLATTICES; Subject Term: HYDROGEN detectors; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/srep03773
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Li
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Guo, S.M.
T1  - Comparison of different models for the determination of the absorption and scattering coefficients of thermal barrier coatings.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 64
M3  - Article
SP  - 402
EP  - 410
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Abstract: The thermal radiative properties of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are becoming more important as the inlet temperatures of advanced gas-turbine engines are continuously being pushed higher in order to improve efficiency. To determine the absorption and scattering coefficients of TBCs, four-flux, two-flux and Kubelka–Munk models were introduced and used to characterize the thermal radiative properties of plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings. The results show that the absorption coefficient of YSZ is extremely low for wavelengths <6μm and the scattering coefficient is high and decreases with increasing wavelength. The obvious deviation of absorption and scattering coefficients obtained by the Kubelka–Munk model from those values calculated by four-flux and two-flux models indicates that surface reflection is an important parameter which cannot be neglected when characterizing the radiative property of the coating. The excellent agreement of predicted reflectance and transmittance spectra by the two-flux and four-flux models for coating thicknesses >200μm suggests that when the coating thickness is larger than around twice the average scattering distance, the collimated flux can be simply treated as a diffuse flux inside the coating, and thus the two-flux model can be used to determine the absorption and scattering coefficients as a simplification of the four-flux model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - COEFFICIENTS (Statistics)
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - INLETS
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Plasma spraying
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
KW  - Thermal radiation
KW  - Yttria-stabilized zirconia
N1  - Accession Number: 93419713; Wang, Li 1 Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 2 Guo, S.M. 1; Email Address: sguo2@lsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 64, p402; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: COEFFICIENTS (Statistics); Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: INLETS; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma spraying; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yttria-stabilized zirconia; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2013.10.053
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Katz, Aaron
AU  - Wissink, Andrew M.
T1  - Efficient Solution Methods for Strand Grid Applications.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
EP  - 280
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The strand-Cartesian grid approach offers many advantages in terms of automation, efficiency, and accuracy for complex moving-body problems, such as rotorcraft. In this study, the solution procedures for strand grids are investigated by testing a variety of explicit, implicit, and hybrid methods on canonical aerodynamics test cases involving inviscid and viscous flows in three dimensions. A novel multigrid algorithm is formulated that acts at both the nonlinear pseudotime level and the linear level using line Gauss-Seidel sweeps. Various approximations are tested for the Jacobian, and the impacts on memory and convergence are quantified. The major result is that implicit schemes with first-order approximate Jacobians employing few Gauss-Seidel sweeps are most efficient for strand grids. The improvement by using the multigrid algorithm is significant for all cases tested and indicates O(n) convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CARTESIAN coordinates
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Mathematical models
N1  - Accession Number: 94769042; Katz, Aaron 1 Wissink, Andrew M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p267; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CARTESIAN coordinates; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Subject Term: MULTIGRID methods (Numerical analysis); Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Mathematical models; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052303
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94769042&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cook, Amanda M.
AU  - Mattioda, Andrew L.
AU  - Ricco, Antonio J.
AU  - Quinn, Richard C.
AU  - Elsaesser, Andreas
AU  - Ehrenfreund, Pascale
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Jones, Nykola C.
AU  - Hoffmann, Søren V.
T1  - The Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses (O/OREOS) Satellite: Radiation Exposure in Low-Earth Orbit and Supporting Laboratory Studies of Iron Tetraphenylporphyrin Chloride.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 101
SN  - 15311074
AB  - We report results from the exposure of the metalloporphyrin iron tetraphenylporphyrin chloride (FeTPPCl) to the outer space environment, measured in situ aboard the Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses nanosatellite. FeTPPCl was exposed for a period of 17 months (3700 h of direct solar exposure), which included broad-spectrum solar radiation (∼122 nm to the near infrared). Motivated by the potential role of metalloporphyrins as molecular biomarkers, the exposure of thin-film samples of FeTPPCl to the space environment in low-Earth orbit was monitored in situ via ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy and reported telemetrically. The space data were complemented by laboratory exposure experiments that used a high-fidelity solar simulator covering the spectral range of the spaceflight measurements. We found that thin-film samples of FeTPPCl that were in contact with a humid headspace gas (0.8-2.3% relative humidity) were particularly susceptible to destruction upon irradiation, degrading up to 10 times faster than identical thin films in contact with dry headspace gases; this degradation may also be related to the presence of oxides of nitrogen in those cells. In the companion terrestrial experiments, simulated solar exposure of FeTPPCl films in contact with either Ar or CO2:O2:Ar (10:0.01:1000) headspace gas resulted in growth of a band in the films' infrared spectra at 1961 cm−1. We concluded that the most likely carriers of this band are allene (C3H4) and chloropropadiene (C3H3Cl), putative molecular fragments of the destruction of the porphyrin ring. The thin films studied in space and in solar simulator-based experiments show qualitatively similar spectral evolution as a function of contacting gaseous species but display significant differences in the time dependence of those changes. The relevance of our findings to planetary science, biomarker research, and the photostability of organic materials in astrobiologically relevant environments is discussed. Key Words: Astrobiology-Spectroscopy-Low-Earth orbit-Organic matter-UV radiation. Astrobiology 14, 87-101. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LOW earth orbit satellites
KW  - TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN -- Spectra
KW  - IN situ processing (Mining)
KW  - OPTICAL spectroscopy
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 94494148; Cook, Amanda M. Mattioda, Andrew L. 1 Ricco, Antonio J. 1 Quinn, Richard C. 2 Elsaesser, Andreas 3 Ehrenfreund, Pascale 4 Ricca, Alessandra 2 Jones, Nykola C. 5 Hoffmann, Søren V. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California, USA.  3: Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.  4: Space Policy Institute, Washington, DC, USA.  5: ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p87; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LOW earth orbit satellites; Subject Term: TETRAPHENYLPORPHYRIN -- Spectra; Subject Term: IN situ processing (Mining); Subject Term: OPTICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.0998
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
AU  - Schurmeier, L.
AU  - McKay, C.
AU  - Davila, A.
AU  - Stoker, C.
AU  - Marinova, M.
AU  - Wilhelm, M.B.
T1  - Midlatitude Ice-Rich Ground on Mars as a Target in the Search for Evidence of Life and for in situ Resource Utilization on Human Missions.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 118
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Midlatitude ground ice on Mars is of significant scientific interest for understanding the history and evolution of ice stability on Mars and is relevant for human exploration as a possible in situ resource. For both science and exploration, assessing the astrobiological potential of the ice is important in terms of (1) understanding the potential for life on Mars and (2) evaluating the presence of possible biohazards in advance of human exploration. In the present study, we review the evidence for midlatitude ground ice on Mars, discuss the possible explanations for its occurrence, and assess its potential habitability. During the course of study, we systematically analyzed remote-sensing data sets to determine whether a viable landing site exists in the northern midlatitudes to enable a robotic mission that conducts in situ characterization and searches for evidence of life in the ice. We classified each site according to (1) presence of polygons as a proxy for subsurface ice, (2) presence and abundance of rough topographic obstacles ( e.g., large cracks, cliffs, uneven topography), (3) rock density, (4) presence and abundance of large boulders, and (5) presence of craters. We found that a suitable landing site exists within Amazonis Planitia near ground ice that was recently excavated by a meteorite impact. Key Words: Mars-Missions-Habitability-Landing sites-Ice. Astrobiology 14, 102-118. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - AMAZONIS Planitia (Mars)
N1  - Accession Number: 94494145; Heldmann, J.L. Schurmeier, L. 1,2 McKay, C. 1 Davila, A. 1,3 Stoker, C. 1 Marinova, M. 1,4 Wilhelm, M.B. 1,5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Moffett Field, California.  2: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, California.  5: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia.; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p102; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: AMAZONIS Planitia (Mars); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.1103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuylle, Steven H.
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
AU  - Linnartz, Harold
T1  - Photochemistry of PAHs in cosmic water ice The effect of concentration on UV-VIS spectroscopy and ionization efficiency.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 562
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Observations and models show that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium. Like other molecules in dense clouds, PAHs accrete onto interstellar dust grains, where they are embedded in an ice matrix dominated by water. In the laboratory, mixed molecular ices (not containing PAHs) have been extensively studied using Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. Experiments including PAHs in ices have started, however, the concentrations used are typically much higher than the concentrations expected for interstellar ices. Optical spectroscopy offers a sensitive alternative. Aims. We report an experimental study of the effect PAH concentration has on the electronic spectra and the vacuum UV (VUV) driven processes of PAHs in water-rich ices. The goal is to apply the outcome to cosmic ices. Methods. Optical spectroscopic studies allow us to obtain in-situ and quasi real-time electronic solid state spectra of two prototypical PAHs (pyrene and coronene) embedded in water ice under VUV photoprocessing. The study is carried out on PAH:H2O concentrations in the range of 1:30 000 to pure PAH, covering the temperature range from 12 to 125 K. Results. PAH concentration strongly influences the efficiency of PAH cation formation. At low concentrations, ionization efficiencies are over 60% dropping to about 15% at 1:1000. Increasing the PAH concentration reveals spectral broadening in neutral and cation PAH spectra attributed to PAH clustering inside the ice. At the PAH concentrations expected for interstellar ices, some 10 to 20% may be present as cations. The presence of PAHs in neutral and ion form will add distinctive absorption bands to cosmic ice optical spectra and this may serve as a tool to determine PAH concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ICE
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - methods: laboratory: solid state
KW  - molecular processes
N1  - Accession Number: 94839125; Cuylle, Steven H. 1 Allamandola, Louis J. 2; Email Address: Linnartz@strw.leidenuniv.nl Linnartz, Harold 1; Affiliation:  1: Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, Leiden Universtiy, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 562, p1; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: laboratory: solid state; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201322495
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lorenzi, V.
AU  - Pinilla-Alonso, N.
AU  - Licandro, J.
AU  - Ore, C. M. Dalle
AU  - Emery, J. P.
T1  - Rotationally resolved spectroscopy of (20000) Varuna in the near-infrared.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 562
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Models of the escape and retention of volatiles by minor icy objects exclude any presence of volatile ices on the surface of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) smaller than ~1000 km in diameter at the typical temperature in this region of the solar system, whereas the same models show that water ice is stable on the surface of objects over a wide range of diameters. Collisions and cometary activity have been used to explain the process of surface refreshing of TNOs and Centaurs. These processes can produce surface heterogeneity that can be studied by collecting information at different rotational phases. Aims. The aims of this work are to study the surface composition of (20000) Varuna, a TNO with a diameter 668+154-86 km and to search for indications of rotational variability. Methods. We observed (20000) Varuna during two consecutive nights in January 2011 with the near-infrared camera and spectrometer NICS at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo, La Palma, Spain.We used the low resolution mode with the AMICI prism to obtain a set of spectra covering the whole rotation period of the Varuna (Pr = 6.34 h). We fit the resulting relative reflectance with radiative transfer models of the surface of atmosphereless bodies. Results. After studying the spectra corresponding to different rotational phases of Varuna, we did not find any indication of surface variability at 2σ level. In all the spectra, we detect an absorption at 2.0 μm, suggesting the presence of water ice on the surface. We do not detect any other volatiles on the surface, although the signal-to-noise ratio is not high enough to discard their presence in small quantities. Based on scattering models, we present two possible compositions compatible with our set of data and discuss their implications in the framework of the collisional history of the trans-Neptunian belt. Conclusions. We find that the most probable composition for the surface of Varuna is a mixture of amorphous silicates, complex organics, and water ice. This composition is compatible with all the materials being primordial, so no replenishment mechanism is needed in the equation. However, our data can also be fitted by models containing up to a 10% of methane ice. For an object with the characteristics of Varuna, this volatile could not be primordial, so an event, such as an energetic impact, would be needed to explain its presence on the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CENTAUR objects
KW  - STARS -- Temperature
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - TRANS-Neptunian objects
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - Kuiper belt objects: individual: (2000) Varuna
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - methods: observational
KW  - planets and satellites: composition
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
N1  - Accession Number: 94839096; Lorenzi, V. 1; Email Address: lorenzi@tng.iac.es Pinilla-Alonso, N. 2 Licandro, J. 3 Ore, C. M. Dalle 4 Emery, J. P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Fundación Galileo Galilei-INAF, Rambla José Ana Fernández Pérez 7, 38712 Breña Baja, TF, Spain  2: University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN 37996, USA  3: Instituto Astrofísico de Canarias, IAC, Spain  4: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 562, p1; Subject Term: CENTAUR objects; Subject Term: STARS -- Temperature; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: TRANS-Neptunian objects; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt objects: individual: (2000) Varuna; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: observational; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201322251
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parviainen, H.
AU  - Gandolfi, D.
AU  - Deleuil, M.
AU  - Moutou, C.
AU  - Deeg, H. J.
AU  - Ferraz-Mello, S.
AU  - Samuel, B.
AU  - Csizmadia, Sz.
AU  - Pasternacki, T.
AU  - Wuchterl, G.
AU  - Havel, M.
AU  - Fridlund, M.
AU  - Angus, R.
AU  - Tingley, B.
AU  - Grziwa, S.
AU  - Korth, J.
AU  - Aigrain, S.
AU  - Almenara, J. M.
AU  - Alonso, R.
AU  - Baglin, A.
T1  - Transiting exoplanets from the CoRoT space mission.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 562
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Aims. We report the discovery of a massive and dense transiting planet CoRoT-27b on a 3.58-day orbit around a 4.2 Gyr-old G2 star. The planet candidate was identified from the CoRoT photometry, and was confirmed as a planet with ground-based spectroscopy. Methods. The confirmation of the planet candidate is based on radial velocity observations combined with imaging to rule out blends. The characterisation of the planet and its host star was carried out using a Bayesian approach where all the data (CoRoT photometry, radial velocities, and spectroscopic characterisation of the star) are used jointly. The Bayesian analysis included a study whether the assumption of white normally distributed noise holds for the CoRoT photometry and whether the use of a non-normal noise distribution offers advantages in parameter estimation and model selection. Results. CoRoT-27b has a mass of 10.39 ± 0.55 MJup, a radius of 1.01 ± 0.04 RJup, a mean density of 12.6+1.92-1.67 g cm-3, and an effective temperature of 1500 ± 130 K. The planet orbits around its host star, a 4.2 Gyr-old G2-star with a mass M* = 1:06 M☉ and a radius R* = 1:05 R☉, on a 0.048 ± 0.007 AU orbit of 3.58 days. The radial velocity observations allow us to exclude highly eccentric orbits, namely, e < 0.065 with 99% confidence. Given its high mass and density, theoretical modelling of CoRoT-27b is demanding. We identify two solutions with heavy element mass fractions of 0.11 ± 0.08 M⊗ and 0.07 ± 0.06 M⊗, but even solutions void of heavy elements cannot be excluded. We carry out a secondary eclipse search from the CoRoT photometry using a method based on Bayesian model selection, but conclude that the noise level is too high to detect eclipses shallower than 9% of the transit depth. Using a non-normal noise model was shown not to affect the parameter estimation results, but led to significant improvement in the sensitivity of the model selection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - COROT-7b (Planet)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STARS
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - stars: individual: CoRoT-27
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - techniques: radial velocities
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
N1  - Accession Number: 94839190; Parviainen, H. 1,2,3; Email Address: hannu.parviainen@astro.ox.ac.uk Gandolfi, D. 4 Deleuil, M. 5 Moutou, C. 5 Deeg, H. J. 1,2 Ferraz-Mello, S. 6 Samuel, B. 7 Csizmadia, Sz. 8 Pasternacki, T. 8 Wuchterl, G. 9 Havel, M. 10 Fridlund, M. 11 Angus, R. 3 Tingley, B. 12 Grziwa, S. 13 Korth, J. 13 Aigrain, S. 3 Almenara, J. M. 5 Alonso, R. 1,2 Baglin, A. 7; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  2: Dept. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  3: Department of Physics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  4: INAF-Catania Astrophysical Observatory, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy  5: Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France  6: IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-090 Säo Paulo, Brazil  7: LESIA, UMR 8109 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, UVSQ, Université Paris-Diderot, 5 place J. Janssen, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  8: Institute of Planetary Research, German Aerospace Center, Rutherfordstrasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  9: Thüringer Landessternwarte, CoRoT (DLR), Sternwarte 5, Tautenburg, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany  10: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, PO Box 1, 94035-0001 Moffett Field, USA  11: Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC/ESA, PO Box 299, 2200 AG Noordwijk, The Netherlands  12: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  13: Rheinisches Institut für Umweltforschung an der Universität zu Köln, Aachener Strasse 209, 50931 Kölen, Germany; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 562, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: COROT-7b (Planet); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: CoRoT-27; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: radial velocities; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201323049
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shin, Dong Ho
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Choi, Taejin
AU  - Noh, Young Min
AU  - Yoon, Young Jun
AU  - Lee, Kwon H.
AU  - Shin, Sung Kyun
AU  - Chae, Namyi
AU  - Kim, Kwanchul
AU  - Kim, Young J.
T1  - Influence of wind speed on optical properties of aerosols in the marine boundary layer measured by ship-borne DePolarization Lidar in the coastal area of Korea.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 83
M3  - Article
SP  - 282
EP  - 290
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: Shipboard measurements of microphysical and optical properties of marine boundary-layer aerosols were performed around the Korean Peninsula from 2 to 5 December 2009. The measurements were conducted aboard the Korean icebreaking research vessel Araon during cruise tracks in the East Sea of Korea near Busan and Pohang. This paper describes the results of optical aerosol measurements acquired with a DePolarization Lidar (DPL) and an optical particle counter (OPC) and data on meteorological parameters. Backward trajectory analyses indicate that two different aerosol characteristics according to different pathways of air mass were encountered during the cruise. We find a high correlation between wind speeds across the east coast of Korea and extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio and mass concentration Correlation coefficient (R 2) are 0.57, 0.52 and 0.67, respectively. The increase of extinction coefficient, depolarization ratio and number concentration with wind speed may have been caused by the increase of sea-salt aerosol production and transport. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Optical properties
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - COASTS
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - SEA salt
KW  - KOREA
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Marine boundary layer
KW  - Wind speed
N1  - Accession Number: 93270830; Shin, Dong Ho 1 Müller, Detlef 2,3; Email Address: d.mueller@herts.ac.uk Choi, Taejin 4 Noh, Young Min 1 Yoon, Young Jun 4 Lee, Kwon H. 5 Shin, Sung Kyun 1 Chae, Namyi 4,6 Kim, Kwanchul 1 Kim, Young J. 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea  2: University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., MS 475 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea  5: Department of Geoinformatics Engineering, Kyungil Univ., Gyungsan 712-701, Republic of Korea  6: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Yonse-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Korea; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 83, p282; Subject Term: WIND speed; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Optical properties; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: COASTS; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: SEA salt; Subject Term: KOREA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind speed; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
T1  - Separating mixtures of aerosol types in airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar data.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 419
EP  - 436
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Knowledge of aerosol type is important for determining the magnitude and assessing the consequences of aerosol radiative forcing, and can provide useful information for source attribution studies. However, atmospheric aerosol is frequently not a single pure type, but instead occurs as a mixture of types, and this mixing affects the optical and radiative properties of the aerosol. This paper extends the work of earlier researchers by using the aerosol intensive parameters measured by the NASA Langley Research Center airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) to develop a comprehensive and unified set of rules for characterizing the external mixing of several key aerosol intensive parameters: extinction-to-backscatter ratio (i.e., lidar ratio), backscatter color ratio, and depolarization ratio. We present the mixing rules in a particularly simple form that leads easily to mixing rules for the covariance matrices that describe aerosol distributions, rather than just single values of measured parameters. These rules can be applied to infer mixing ratios from the lidar-observed aerosol parameters, even for cases without significant depolarization.We demonstrate our technique with measurement curtains from three HSRL-1 flights which exhibit mixing between two aerosol types, urban pollution plus dust, marine plus dust, and smoke plus marine. For these cases, we infer a time-height cross-section of extinction mixing ratio along the flight track, and partition aerosol extinction into portions attributed to the two pure types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 95374077; Burton, S. P. 1; Email Address: sharon.p.burton@nasa.gov Vaughan, M. A. 1 Ferrare, R. A. 1 Hostetler, C. A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 475, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p419; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-7-419-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hall, B. D.
AU  - Engel, A.
AU  - Mühle, J.
AU  - Elkins, J. W.
AU  - Artuso, F.
AU  - Atlas, E.
AU  - Aydin, M.
AU  - Blake, D.
AU  - Brunke, E.-G.
AU  - Chiavarini, S.
AU  - Fraser, P. J.
AU  - Happell, J.
AU  - Krummel, P. B.
AU  - Levin, I.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
AU  - Maione, M.
AU  - Montzka, S. A.
AU  - O'Dohertyz, S.
AU  - Reimann, S.
AU  - Rhoderick, G.
T1  - Results from the International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE).
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 469
EP  - 490
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The International Halocarbons in Air Comparison Experiment (IHALACE) was conducted to document relationships between calibration scales among various laboratories that measure atmospheric greenhouse and ozone depleting gases. This study included trace gases such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), as well as nitrous oxide, methane, sulfur hexafluoride, very short-lived halocompounds, and carbonyl sulfide. Many of these gases are present in the unpolluted atmosphere at pmol mol-1 (parts per trillion) or nmol mol-1 (parts per billion) levels. Six stainless steel cylinders containing natural and modified natural air samples were circulated among 19 laboratories. Results from this experiment reveal relatively good agreement (within a few percent) among commonly used calibration scales. Scale relationships for some gases, such as CFC- 12 and CCl4, were found to be consistent with those derived from estimates of global mean mole fractions, while others, such as halon1211 and CH3Br, revealed discrepancies. The transfer of calibration scales among laboratories was problematic in many cases, meaning that measurements tied to a particular scale may not, in fact, be compatible. Large scale transfer errors were observed for CH3CCl3 (10-100 %) and CCl4 (2-30 %), while much smaller scale transfer errors (<1 %) were observed for halon 1211, HCFC-22, and HCFC-142b. These results reveal substantial improvements in calibration over previous comparisons. However, there is room for improvement in communication and coordination of calibration activities with respect to the measurement of halogenated and related trace gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HALOCARBONS
KW  - HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - TRACE gases
N1  - Accession Number: 95374080; Hall, B. D. 1; Email Address: bradley.hall@noaa.gov Engel, A. 2 Mühle, J. 3 Elkins, J. W. 1 Artuso, F. 4 Atlas, E. 5 Aydin, M. 6 Blake, D. 6 Brunke, E.-G. 7 Chiavarini, S. 4 Fraser, P. J. 8 Happell, J. 5 Krummel, P. B. 8 Levin, I. 9 Loewenstein, M. 10 Maione, M. 11 Montzka, S. A. 1 O'Dohertyz, S. 12 Reimann, S. 13 Rhoderick, G. 14; Affiliation:  1: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany  3: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA  4: ENEA, Rome, Italy  5: University of Miami, Miami FL, USA  6: University of California, Irvine CA, USA  7: South African Weather Service, Stellenbosch, South Africa  8: Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Australia  9: University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  11: University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy  12: University of Bristol, Bristol, UK  13: Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Air Pollution and Environmental Technology, Duebendorf, Switzerland  14: National Institute of Standards Technology, Gaithersberg, MD, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p469; Subject Term: HALOCARBONS; Subject Term: HYDROCHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: TRACE gases; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-7-469-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - El-Asrag, Hossam A.
AU  - Iannetti, Anthony C.
AU  - Apte, Sourabh V.
T1  - Large eddy simulations for radiation-spray coupling for a lean direct injector combustor.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 161
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 510
EP  - 524
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Abstract: Large Eddy Simulations (LESs) for a lean-direct injection (LDI) combustor are performed and compared with experimental data. The LDI emissions characteristics, and radiation-spray coupling effect on the predictions are analyzed. The flamelet progress variable approach is employed for chemistry tabulation coupled with a stochastic secondary breakup model. Good comparisons are shown with the experimental data mean and root mean square for both the gas phase and spray droplets profiles. The effect of combustion is found to change the shape and structure of the central recirculation zone to be more compact in length but larger in diameter in the transverse direction. In-addition the results show that the gas phase radiation alters the spray dynamics by changing the local gas-phase temperature distribution. This impacts the spray evaporation rate, the local mixture fraction, and consequently the combustion heat released rate and the predicted emissions. The simulation with no radiation modeling shows over prediction in the temperature distribution, pollutants emissions, higher fuel evaporation rate, and narrower range of droplet size distribution with lower number density for the smaller size particles. The current study suggests that, even for low pressure systems, radiation modeling can be important for accurate emissions prediction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LARGE eddy simulation models
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - TEMPERATURE distribution
KW  - GAS phase reactions
KW  - EVAPORATION (Chemistry)
KW  - Large eddy simulation
KW  - Lean direct injection
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Spray modeling
KW  - Stochastic secondary breakup
KW  - Turbulent flames
N1  - Accession Number: 93267599; El-Asrag, Hossam A. 1; Email Address: hossam.elasrag@ansys.com Iannetti, Anthony C. 2 Apte, Sourabh V. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Mechanical Engineering Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 161 Issue 2, p510; Subject Term: LARGE eddy simulation models; Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE distribution; Subject Term: GAS phase reactions; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Large eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lean direct injection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spray modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic secondary breakup; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulent flames; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2013.09.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bisagni, Chiara
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
T1  - Experimental investigation of the postbuckling response and collapse of a single-stringer specimen.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 108
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 503
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: The postbuckling response and the collapse of composite specimens with a co-cured hat stringer are investigated experimentally. The specimens are designed to evaluate the postbuckling response and the effect of an embedded defect on the collapse load and the mode of failure. Tests were performed using controlled conditions and instrumentation that included pre-test ultrasonic inspections and measurement of initial geometric imperfections, strain and displacement measurement through strain gauges, LVDTs and three-dimensional digital image correlation system, as well as high-speed video cameras. The test results reveal that minor imperfections due to manufacturing and residual thermal strains can result in large differences in the postbuckling responses. In addition, an embedded delamination can cause a reduction of the collapse load of about 17% for a 20-mm Teflon insert and about 28% for a 40-mm Teflon insert. Using a high speed camera, it was also observed that the collapse initiates as a skin/stringer delamination, which induces an immediate crippling of the stringer. The results obtained with these inexpensive-to-manufacture panels indicate that these test specimens can be useful for the evaluation of damage tolerance of postbuckled structures and could therefore fill the gap between test coupons and multi-stringer panels in the building block approach to the design and certification of aerospace structures. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ULTRASONICS
KW  - ENGINEERING inspection
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - CAMCORDERS
KW  - Collapse tests
KW  - Composite material
KW  - Crippling
KW  - Postbuckling
KW  - Skin/stringer delamination
N1  - Accession Number: 92732078; Bisagni, Chiara 1; Email Address: cbisagni@ucsd.edu Dávila, Carlos G. 2; Email Address: carlos.g.davila@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Politecnico di Milano, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Via La Masa 34, 20156 Milano, Italy  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, Hampton, 23681 VA, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 108, p493; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ULTRASONICS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING inspection; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: CAMCORDERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collapse tests; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crippling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Postbuckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skin/stringer delamination; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.09.018
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mital, Subodh K.
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Bonacuse, Peter J.
T1  - Two-dimensional non-linear finite element analysis of CMC microstructures.
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 57
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 154
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: A research program has been developed to quantify the effects of the microstructure of a woven ceramic matrix composite and its variability on the effective properties and response of the material. In order to characterize and quantify the variations in the microstructure of a five harness satin weave, chemical vapor infiltrated (CVI) SiC/SiC composite material, specimens were serially sectioned and polished to capture images that detailed the fiber tows, matrix, and porosity. Open source quantitative image analysis tools were then used to isolate the constituents, from which two dimensional finite element models were generated which approximated the actual specimen section geometry. A simplified elastic–plastic model, wherein all stress above yield is redistributed to lower stress regions, is used to approximate the progressive damage behavior for each of the composite constituents. Finite element analyses under in-plane tensile loading were performed to examine how the variability in the local microstructure affected the macroscopic stress–strain response of the material as well as the local initiation and progression of damage. The macroscopic stress–strain response appeared to be minimally affected by the variation in local microstructure, but the locations where damage initiated and propagated appeared to be linked to specific aspects of the local microstructure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - PHOTOELASTICITY
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - A. Ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs)
KW  - B. Microstructures
KW  - C. Finite element analysis
KW  - Non-linear analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 92516951; Mital, Subodh K. 1; Email Address: subodh.k.mital@nasa.gov Goldberg, Robert K. 2 Bonacuse, Peter J. 2; Affiliation:  1: The University of Toledo, Mail Stop 49-7, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 49-7, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 57, p144; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: PHOTOELASTICITY; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic–matrix composites (CMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Microstructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-linear analysis; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.09.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=92516951&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morgan, A.M.
AU  - Howard, A.D.
AU  - Hobley, D.E.J.
AU  - Moore, J.M.
AU  - Dietrich, W.E.
AU  - Williams, R.M.E.
AU  - Burr, D.M.
AU  - Grant, J.A.
AU  - Wilson, S.A.
AU  - Matsubara, Y.
T1  - Sedimentology and climatic environment of alluvial fans in the martian Saheki crater and a comparison with terrestrial fans in the Atacama Desert.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 229
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 156
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Wind erosion reveals Saheki crater fan stratigraphy. [•] A distributary network of fluvial channels fed extensive mudflow overbank deposits. [•] The fans are up to 850m thick and contain 550km3 of sediment. [•] Fan-forming discharges derived from annual or episodic melting of crater rim snow. [•] Thousands of years were required to deposit the fans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - ALLUVIAL fans
KW  - SEDIMENTOLOGY
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - WIND erosion
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 93349530; Morgan, A.M. 1; Email Address: amm5sy@virginia.edu Howard, A.D. 1 Hobley, D.E.J. 1 Moore, J.M. 2 Dietrich, W.E. 3 Williams, R.M.E. 4 Burr, D.M. 5 Grant, J.A. 6 Wilson, S.A. 6 Matsubara, Y. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, VA 22904-4123, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, United States  4: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States  5: Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, United States  6: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, MRC 315, 6th Street at Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20013, United States; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 229, p131; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: ALLUVIAL fans; Subject Term: SEDIMENTOLOGY; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: WIND erosion; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93349530&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Korycansky, Donald G.
AU  - Nixon, Conor A.
T1  - Transient climate effects of large impacts on Titan.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 229
M3  - Article
SP  - 378
EP  - 391
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] The Menrva impact significantly increased the amount of methane at Titan’s surface. [•] Impacts somewhat bigger than Menrva (e.g. Hotei) melt Titan’s surface. [•] Meltwater oceans last from hundreds to thousands of years. It rains. [•] Near-surface clathrate formation is possible as Titan cools after the impact. [•] Deep crater lakes freeze quickly because lakes set in warm ice overturn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC methane
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Titan
KW  - Titan, atmosphere
KW  - Titan, hydrology
N1  - Accession Number: 93349550; Zahnle, Kevin J. 1; Email Address: Kevin.J.Zahnle@NASA.gov Korycansky, Donald G. 2; Email Address: dkorycan@ucsc.edu Nixon, Conor A. 3; Email Address: conor.a.nixon@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: CODEP, Dept. of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Planetary Systems Laboratory, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 229, p378; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC methane; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan, atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan, hydrology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93349550&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gnoffo, Peter A.
T1  - Global series solutions of nonlinear differential equations with shocks using Walsh functions.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 258
M3  - Article
SP  - 650
EP  - 688
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: An orthonormal basis set composed of Walsh functions is used for deriving global solutions (valid over the entire domain) to nonlinear differential equations that include discontinuities. Function of the set, a scaled Walsh function in sequency order, is comprised of n piecewise constant values (square waves) across the domain . Only two square wave lengths are allowed in any function and a new derivation of the basis functions applies a fractal-like algorithm (infinitely self-similar) focused on the distribution of wave lengths. This distribution is determined by a recursive folding algorithm that propagates fundamental symmetries to successive values of n. Functions, including those with discontinuities, may be represented on the domain as a series in with no occurrence of a Gibbs phenomenon (ringing) across the discontinuity. A much more powerful, self-mapping characteristic of the series is closure under multiplication – the product of any two Walsh functions is also a Walsh function. This self-mapping characteristic transforms the solution of nonlinear differential equations to the solution of systems of polynomial equations if the original nonlinearities can be represented as products of the dependent variables and the convergence of the series for can be demonstrated. Fundamental operations (reciprocal, integral, derivative) on Walsh function series representations of functions with discontinuities are defined. Examples are presented for solution of the time dependent Burgerʼs equation and for quasi-one-dimensional nozzle flow including a shock. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SERIES (Mathematics)
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - NONLINEAR differential equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - WALSH functions
KW  - ORTHONORMAL basis
KW  - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - Burgerʼs equation
KW  - Closure
KW  - Euler
KW  - Haar wavelet
KW  - Nozzle
KW  - Shock capturing
KW  - Walsh function
N1  - Accession Number: 93349740; Gnoffo, Peter A. 1; Email Address: peter.a.gnoffo@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 408A, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 258, p650; Subject Term: SERIES (Mathematics); Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: NONLINEAR differential equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: WALSH functions; Subject Term: ORTHONORMAL basis; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Burgerʼs equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Euler; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haar wavelet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nozzle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock capturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Walsh function; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2013.10.054
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93349740&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyoungsoon Lee
AU  - llchung Park
AU  - Konishi, Christopher
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - May, Rochelle I.
AU  - Juergens, Jeffrey R.
AU  - Wagner, James D.
AU  - Hall, Nancy R.
AU  - Nahra, Henry K.
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
AU  - Mackey, Jeffrey R.
T1  - Experimental Investigation of Flow Condensation in Microgravity.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 136
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 00221481
AB  - Future manned space missions are expected to greatly increase the space vehicle's size, weight, and heat dissipation requirements. An effective means to reducing both size and weight is to replace single-phase thermal management systems with two-phase counter-parts that capitalize upon both latent and sensible heat of the coolant rather than sensible heat alone. This shift is expected to yield orders of magnitude enhancements in flow boiling and condensation heat transfer coefficients. A major challenge to this shift is a lack of reliable tools for accurate prediction of two-phase pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient in reduced gravity. Developing such tools will require a sophisticated experimental facility to enable investigators to perform both flow boiling and condensation experiments in microgravity in pursuit of reliable databases. This study will discuss the development of the Flow Boiling and Condensation Experiment (FBCE) for the International Space Station (ISS), which was initiated in 2012 in collaboration between Purdue University and NASA Glenn Research Center. This facility was recently tested in parabolic flight to acquire condensation data for FC-72 in microgravity, aided by high-speed video analysis of inteifacial structure of the condensation film. The condensation is achieved by rejecting heat to a counter flow of water, and experiments were performed at different mass velocities of FC-72 and water and different FC-72 inlet qualities. It is shown that the film flow varies from smooth-laminar to wavy-laminar and ultimately turbulent with increasing FC-72 mass velocity. The heat transfer coefficient is highest near the inlet of the condensation tube, where the film is thinnest, and decreases monotonically along the tube, except for high FC-72 mass velocities, where the heat transfer coefficient is enhanced downstream. This enhancement is attributed to both turbulence and increased inteifacial waviness. One-ge correlations are shown to predict the average condensation heat transfer coefficient with varying degrees of success, and a recent correlation is identified for its superior predictive capability, evidenced by a mean absolute error of 21.7%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Heat Transfer is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROGRAVITY method
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - annular flow
KW  - condensation
KW  - microgravity
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 95278839; Hyoungsoon Lee 1 llchung Park 1 Konishi, Christopher 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu May, Rochelle I. 2 Juergens, Jeffrey R. 2 Wagner, James D. 2 Hall, Nancy R. 2 Nahra, Henry K. 2 Hasan, Mohammad M. 2 Mackey, Jeffrey R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), Mechanical Engineering Building, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2088  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Vantage Partners, LLC 3000 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park, OH 44142; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 136 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MICROGRAVITY method; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: annular flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: condensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4025683
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kowalski, Ben A.
AU  - Sehirlioglu, Alp
AU  - Dynys, Fred W.
AU  - Sayir, Ali
T1  - Characterization of the High-Temperature Ferroelectric (100− x− y) BiScO3-( x) Bi( Zr0.5 Zn0.5) O3-( y) PbTiO3 Perovskite Ternary Solid Solution.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 97
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 490
EP  - 497
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Ternary compositions based on Bi(B′B″) O3- PbTiO3-type compounds have been investigated for high-temperature piezoelectric applications. Compositions in the ternary were chosen to be near the binary morphotropic phase boundary ( MPB) composition of BiScO3- PbTiO3 ( BS- PT). Ternary compositions in (100− x− y) BiScO3-( x) Bi( Zr0.5 Zn0.5) O3-( y) PbTiO3 [(100− x− y) BS- x BZZ- y PT] have been investigated with x ≤ 7.5. For compositions with x > 10, the Curie temperature ( TC) decreased below 400°C. Dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties were characterized as a function of temperature, frequency, and electric field. Small additions of BZZ were shown to increase the electromechanical properties with only a small loss in TC. The electromechanical properties were temperature stable up to the depoling temperature. The most promising composition exhibited a TC of 430°C, piezoelectric coefficient ( d33) of 520 pC/N, and a planar coupling factor ( kp) of 0.45 that remained unchanged up to depoling temperature at 385°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BISMUTH compounds
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - FERROELECTRIC materials
KW  - LEAD titanate
KW  - PEROVSKITE
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL effects
N1  - Accession Number: 94319319; Kowalski, Ben A. 1 Sehirlioglu, Alp 1 Dynys, Fred W. 2 Sayir, Ali 2; Affiliation:  1: Case Western Reserve University, Material Science and Engineering Department  2: NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 97 Issue 2, p490; Subject Term: BISMUTH compounds; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: LEAD titanate; Subject Term: PEROVSKITE; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL effects; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jace.12648
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shupe, John
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Modeling Discharge Rates Using a Coupled Modeled Approach for the Merced River in Yosemite National Park.
JO  - Journal of the American Water Resources Association
JF  - Journal of the American Water Resources Association
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 50
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 153
EP  - 162
SN  - 1093474X
AB  - This study describes the application of the NASA version of the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach ( CASA) ecosystem model coupled with a surface hydrologic routing scheme previously called the Hydrological Routing Algorithm ( HYDRA) to model monthly discharge rates from 2000 to 2007 on the Merced River drainage in Yosemite National Park, California. To assess CASA- HYDRA's capability to estimate actual water flows in extreme precipitation years, the focus of this study is the 2007 water year, which was very dry, and the 2005 water year, which was a moderately wet year in the historical record. Prior to comparisons to gauge records, CASA- HYDRA snowmelt algorithms were modified with equations from the U.S. Department of Agriculture Snowmelt-Runoff Model ( SRM), which has been designed to predict daily streamflow in mountain basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor. Results show that model predictions closely matched monthly flow rates at the Pohono Bridge gauge station (USGS#11266500), with R2 = 0.67 and Nash-Sutcliffe ( E) = 0.65. By subdividing the upper Merced River basin into subbasins with high spatial resolution in the gridded modeling approach, we were able to determine which biophysical characteristics in the Sierra differed to the largest degree in extreme low-flow and high-flow years. Average elevation and snowpack accumulation were found to be the most important explanatory variables to understand subbasin contributions to monthly discharge rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Water Resources Association is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - ECOSYSTEM dynamics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SNOWMELT
KW  - FLOODS
KW  - DROUGHTS
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - MERCED River Watershed (Calif.)
KW  - YOSEMITE National Park (Calif.)
KW  - drought
KW  - flooding
KW  - Merced River
KW  - simulation
KW  - snowmelt
KW  - surface water hydrology
KW  - water discharge rates
KW  - Yosemite National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 94253836; Shupe, John 1 Potter, Christopher 2; Affiliation:  1: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay  2: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 50 Issue 1, p153; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM dynamics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SNOWMELT; Subject Term: FLOODS; Subject Term: DROUGHTS; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Subject Term: MERCED River Watershed (Calif.); Subject Term: YOSEMITE National Park (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: flooding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Merced River; Author-Supplied Keyword: simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: snowmelt; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface water hydrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: water discharge rates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yosemite National Park; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jawr.12124
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94253836&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Kim, Beomseok
AU  - Li, Jing
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Carbon nanotube ink for writing on cellulose paper.
JO  - Materials Research Bulletin
JF  - Materials Research Bulletin
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 50
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 253
SN  - 00255408
AB  - Highlights: [•] Water based conductive carbon nanotube ink is synthesized. [•] Direct writing on paper is demonstrated with off-the-shelf nib of fountain pen. [•] Dual sided and multilayered paper circuit boards are demonstrated with the pen. [•] Excellent robustness against bending, folding, crumpling are confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Research Bulletin is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - INK
KW  - CELLULOSE
KW  - PRINTED circuits
KW  - FOUNTAIN pens
KW  - MULTILAYERS
KW  - WATER
KW  - PAPER
KW  - A. Electronic materials
KW  - B. Chemical synthesis
KW  - C. Electron microscopy
KW  - D. Electrical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 94157638; Han, Jin-Woo 1; Email Address: jin-woo.han@nasa.gov Kim, Beomseok 1 Li, Jing 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 50, p249; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: INK; Subject Term: CELLULOSE; Subject Term: PRINTED circuits; Subject Term: FOUNTAIN pens; Subject Term: MULTILAYERS; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: PAPER; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Electronic materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Chemical synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Electrical properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339940 Office Supplies (except Paper) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424110 Printing and Writing Paper Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334412 Bare Printed Circuit Board Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334418 Printed Circuit Assembly (Electronic Assembly) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.10.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - YADA, Toru
AU  - FUJIMURA, Akio
AU  - ABE, Masanao
AU  - NAKAMURA, Tomoki
AU  - NOGUCHI, Takaaki
AU  - OKAZAKI, Ryuji
AU  - NAGAO, Keisuke
AU  - ISHIBASHI, Yukihiro
AU  - SHIRAI, Kei
AU  - ZOLENSKY, Michael E.
AU  - SANDFORD, Scott
AU  - OKADA, Tatsuaki
AU  - UESUGI, Masayuki
AU  - KAROUJI, Yuzuru
AU  - OGAWA, Maho
AU  - YAKAME, Shogo
AU  - UENO, Munetaka
AU  - MUKAI, Toshifumi
AU  - YOSHIKAWA, Makoto
AU  - KAWAGUCHI, Junichiro
T1  - Hayabusa-returned sample curation in the Planetary Material Sample Curation Facility of JAXA.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 153
SN  - 10869379
AB  - -  The Planetary Material Sample Curation Facility of JAXA (PMSCF/JAXA) was established in Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan, to curate planetary material samples returned from space in conditions of minimum terrestrial contaminants. The performances for the curation of Hayabusa-returned samples had been checked with a series of comprehensive tests and rehearsals. After the Hayabusa spacecraft had accomplished a round-trip flight to asteroid 25143 Itokawa and returned its reentry capsule to the Earth in June 2010, the reentry capsule was brought back to the PMSCF/JAXA and was put to a series of processes to extract recovered samples from Itokawa. The particles recovered from the sample catcher were analyzed by electron microscope, given their ID, grouped into four categories, and preserved in dimples on quartz slide glasses. Some fraction of them has been distributed for initial analyses at NASA, and will be distributed for international announcement of opportunity (AO), but a certain fraction of them will be preserved in vacuum for future analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLES (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MINERALS -- Collection & preservation
KW  - ELECTRON microscopy
KW  - SAGAMIHARA-shi (Japan)
KW  - HAYABUSA (Spacecraft)
KW  - JAPAN Aerospace Exploration Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 94396458; YADA, Toru 1,2 FUJIMURA, Akio 2 ABE, Masanao 1,2 NAKAMURA, Tomoki 3 NOGUCHI, Takaaki 4 OKAZAKI, Ryuji 5 NAGAO, Keisuke 6 ISHIBASHI, Yukihiro 1 SHIRAI, Kei 1 ZOLENSKY, Michael E. 7 SANDFORD, Scott 8 OKADA, Tatsuaki 1,2 UESUGI, Masayuki 1 KAROUJI, Yuzuru 1 OGAWA, Maho 9 YAKAME, Shogo 9 UENO, Munetaka 2 MUKAI, Toshifumi 10 YOSHIKAWA, Makoto 1,2 KAWAGUCHI, Junichiro 1; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Exploration Program Group, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  2: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Material Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan  4: College of Science, Ibaraki University, 2-1-1 Bunkyo, Mito, Ibaraki 310-8512, Japan  5: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan  6: Geochemical Research Center, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  7: ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  9: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  10: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p135; Subject Term: PARTICLES (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MINERALS -- Collection & preservation; Subject Term: ELECTRON microscopy; Subject Term: SAGAMIHARA-shi (Japan); Company/Entity: HAYABUSA (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: JAPAN Aerospace Exploration Agency; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nakamura, Tomoki
AU  - Nakato, Aiko
AU  - Ishida, Hatsumi
AU  - Wakita, Shigeru
AU  - Noguchi, Takaaki
AU  - Zolensky, Michael E.
AU  - Tanaka, Masahiko
AU  - Kimura, Makoto
AU  - Tshuchiyama, Akira
AU  - Ogami, Toshihiro
AU  - Hashimoto, Takahito
AU  - Konno, Mitsuru
AU  - Uesugi, Masayuki
AU  - Yada, Toru
AU  - Shirai, Kei
AU  - Fujimura, Akio
AU  - Okazaki, Ryuji
AU  - Sandford, Scott. A.
AU  - Ishibashi, Yukihiro
AU  - Abe, Masanao
T1  - Mineral chemistry of MUSES-C Regio inferred from analysis of dust particles collected from the first- and second-touchdown sites on asteroid Itokawa.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 49
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 215
EP  - 227
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The mineralogy and mineral chemistry of Itokawa dust particles captured during the first and second touchdowns on the MUSES-C Regio were characterized by synchrotron-radiation X-ray diffraction and field-emission electron microprobe analysis. Olivine and low- and high-Ca pyroxene, plagioclase, and merrillite compositions of the first-touchdown particles are similar to those of the second-touchdown particles. The two touchdown sites are separated by approximately 100 meters and therefore the similarity suggests that MUSES-C Regio is covered with dust particles of uniform mineral chemistry of LL chondrites. Quantitative compositional properties of 48 dust particles, including both first- and second-touchdown samples, indicate that dust particles of MUSES-C Regio have experienced prolonged thermal metamorphism, but they are not fully equilibrated in terms of chemical composition. This suggests that MUSES-C particles were heated in a single asteroid at different temperatures. During slow cooling from a peak temperature of approximately 800 °C, chemical compositions of plagioclase and K-feldspar seem to have been modified: Ab and Or contents changed during cooling, but An did not. This compositional modification is reproduced by a numerical simulation that modeled the cooling process of a 50 km sized Itokawa parent asteroid. After cooling, some particles have been heavily impacted and heated, which resulted in heterogeneous distributions of Na and K within plagioclase crystals. Impact-induced chemical modification of plagioclase was verified by a comparison to a shock vein in the Kilabo LL6 ordinary chondrite where Na-K distributions of plagioclase have been disturbed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ITOKAWA (Asteroid)
KW  - DUST
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - METAMORPHISM (Geology)
KW  - PLAGIOCLASE
KW  - MODIFICATIONS
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 94396450; Nakamura, Tomoki 1 Nakato, Aiko 1 Ishida, Hatsumi 1 Wakita, Shigeru 1 Noguchi, Takaaki 2 Zolensky, Michael E. 3 Tanaka, Masahiko 4 Kimura, Makoto 2 Tshuchiyama, Akira 5 Ogami, Toshihiro 1 Hashimoto, Takahito 6 Konno, Mitsuru 6 Uesugi, Masayuki 7 Yada, Toru 7 Shirai, Kei 7 Fujimura, Akio 7 Okazaki, Ryuji 8 Sandford, Scott. A. 9 Ishibashi, Yukihiro 7 Abe, Masanao 7; Affiliation:  1: Division of Earth and Planetary Materials Science, Laboratory for Early Solar System Evolution, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University  2: College of Science, Ibaraki University  3: ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center  4: WEBRAM, SPring-8, National Institute for Materials Science  5: Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University  6: Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation  7: JAXA-ISAS  8: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University  9: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 49 Issue 2, p215; Subject Term: ITOKAWA (Asteroid); Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: METAMORPHISM (Geology); Subject Term: PLAGIOCLASE; Subject Term: MODIFICATIONS; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Number of Pages: 0p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12247
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reinisch, E M
AU  - Ules, T
AU  - Puschnig, P
AU  - Berkebile, S
AU  - Ostler, M
AU  - Seyller, T
AU  - Ramsey, M G
AU  - Koller, G
T1  - Development and character of gap states on alkali doping of molecular films.
JO  - New Journal of Physics
JF  - New Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2014/02/01/
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 023011
EP  - 023022
SN  - 13672630
AB  - Here we study the alkali metal induced effects on an ordered and aligned sexiphenyl monolayer on Cu(110) with angle-resolved UV spectroscopy (ARUPS). The caesium (Cs) induced gap states could clearly be identified by orbital tomography, a method based on ARUPS, which allows both the orbital character of these states and the molecular orientation to be determined. We show that with increasing alkali metal dose, doping proceeds in three distinct steps. Initially, Cs decouples the molecular monolayer from the substrate, with emptying of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) that had been filled on hybridization with the substrate. Further Cs exposure refills the LUMO. Finally a filling of the LUMO + 1 by charge transfer from the alkali metal occurs. Remarkably, although long range order is not preserved and the molecular planes tilt away from the surface, the molecules remain aligned parallel to the azimuth during the whole doping process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of New Journal of Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRONTIER orbitals
KW  - CESIUM
KW  - MONOMOLECULAR films
KW  - HYBRIDIZATION
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 94746422; Reinisch, E M 1,2; Email Address: eva.reinisch@uni-graz.at Ules, T 1 Puschnig, P 1 Berkebile, S 1,3 Ostler, M 4 Seyller, T 4,5 Ramsey, M G 1 Koller, G 1,2; Email Address: georg.koller@uni-graz.at; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physics, Karl-Franzens-University, Universitätsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria  2: Authors to whom any correspondence should be addressed.  3: Current affiliation: USARL, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA.  4: Institute of Technical Physics, University of Erlangen, D-90478 Nürnberg, Germany  5: Current affiliation: Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09126 Chemnitz, Germany.; Source Info: Vol. 16 Issue 2, p023011; Subject Term: FRONTIER orbitals; Subject Term: CESIUM; Subject Term: MONOMOLECULAR films; Subject Term: HYBRIDIZATION; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1367-2630/16/2/023011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gwo-Shing Sun
AU  - Tou, Janet C.
AU  - Yu, Diane
AU  - Girten, Beverly E.
AU  - Cohen, Jacob
T1  - The past, present, and future of National Aeronautics and Space Administration spaceflight diet in support of microgravity rodent experiments.
JO  - Nutrition
JF  - Nutrition
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 30
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 130
SN  - 08999007
AB  - Rodents have been the most frequently flown animal model used to study physiological responses to the space environment. In support of future of space exploration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) envisions an animal research program focused on rodents. Therefore, the development of a rodent diet that is suitable for the spaceflight environment including long duration spaceflight is a high priority. Recognizing the importance of nutrition in affecting spaceflight physiological responses and ensuring reliable biomedical and biological science return, NASA developed the nutrient-upgraded rodent food bar (NuRFB) as a standard diet for rodent spaceflight. Depending on future animal habitat hardware and planned spaceflight experiments, modification of the NuRFB or development of a new diet formulation may be needed, particularly for long term spaceflights. Research in this area consists primarily of internal technical reports that are not readily accessible. Therefore, the aims of this contribution are to provide a brief history of the development of rodent spaceflight diets, to review the present diet used in rodent spaceflight studies, and to discuss some of the challenges and potential solutions for diets to be used in future long-term rodent spaceflight studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nutrition is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GOVERNMENT agencies
KW  - AERONAUTICS in medicine
KW  - BIOLOGICAL models
KW  - CELLULOSE
KW  - DIET
KW  - INGESTION
KW  - LABORATORY animals
KW  - NUTRITION
KW  - RODENTS
KW  - SOYBEAN
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - VITAMINS
KW  - WHEAT
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
KW  - Nutrient-upgraded rodent food bars (NuRFB)
KW  - Rodent diet
KW  - Spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 93985954; Gwo-Shing Sun 1; Email Address: gwo-shing.sun-1@nasa.gov Tou, Janet C. 2 Yu, Diane 3 Girten, Beverly E. 4 Cohen, Jacob 4; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Exploration and Science, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA  3: ASRC Research and Technology Solutions, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 30 Issue 2, p125; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT agencies; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS in medicine; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL models; Subject Term: CELLULOSE; Subject Term: DIET; Subject Term: INGESTION; Subject Term: LABORATORY animals; Subject Term: NUTRITION; Subject Term: RODENTS; Subject Term: SOYBEAN; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: VITAMINS; Subject Term: WHEAT; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutrient-upgraded rodent food bars (NuRFB); Author-Supplied Keyword: Rodent diet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912910 Other provincial and territorial public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913910 Other local, municipal and regional public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311224 Soybean and Other Oilseed Processing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111110 Soybean Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nut.2013.04.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brady, Allyson L.
AU  - Laval, Bernard
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.S.
AU  - Slater, Greg F.
T1  - Autotrophic and heterotrophic associated biosignatures in modern freshwater microbialites over seasonal and spatial gradients.
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 67
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 18
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Highlights: [•] Isotopic biosignatures in modern freshwater microbialites were determined. [•] Microbial biomass increased in summer and was generally greatest at shallow depth. [•] Enriched δ13Ccarb values in shallow microbialites were due to photosynthetic effects. [•] Microbialite phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles varied vs. deep depth and colour transition. [•] PLFA 13C values may be used to distinguish autotrophic and heterotrophic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRESHWATER ecology
KW  - MICROBIOLOGY
KW  - PHOSPHOLIPIDS
KW  - FATTY acids
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
KW  - CARBOXYLIC acids
KW  - BIOMASS
N1  - Accession Number: 94155346; Brady, Allyson L. 1 Laval, Bernard 2 Lim, Darlene S.S. 3,4 Slater, Greg F. 1; Email Address: gslater@mcmaster.ca; Affiliation:  1: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L8, Canada  2: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2002-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada  3: Mail-Stop 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189N Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 67, p8; Subject Term: FRESHWATER ecology; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGY; Subject Term: PHOSPHOLIPIDS; Subject Term: FATTY acids; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL sciences; Subject Term: CARBOXYLIC acids; Subject Term: BIOMASS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2013.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liechty, D. S.
AU  - Lewis, M. J.
T1  - Extension of the quantum-kinetic model to lunar and Mars return physics.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The ability to compute rarefied, ionized hypersonic flows is becomingmore important as missions such as Earth reentry, landing high-mass payloads on Mars, and the exploration of the outer planets and their satellites are being considered. A recently introduced molecular-level chemistrymodel, the quantum-kinetic, orQ-K,model that predicts reaction rates for gases in thermal equilibrium and non-equilibrium using only kinetic theory and fundamental molecular properties, is extended in the current work to include electronic energy level transitions and reactions involving charged particles. Like the Q-K procedures for neutral species chemical reactions, these new models are phenomenological procedures that aim to reproduce the reaction/transition rates but do not necessarily capture the exact physics. These engineering models are necessarily efficient due to the requirement to compute billions of simulated collisions in direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations. The new models are shown to generally agree within the spread of reported transition and reaction rates from the literature for near equilibrium conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering)
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 94775702; Liechty, D. S. 1 Lewis, M. J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aerothermodynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering); Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4866319
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94775702&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mankbadi, Mina R.
AU  - Balachandar, S.
T1  - Multiphase effects on spherical Rayleigh-Taylor interfacial instability.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - A spherical shock-tube model is implemented to focus the attention on the flow instability produced by the release of the driver mixture of gas-particles into the cold driven pure gas. Four discontinuous spherical surfaces are produced which are in order from outward to inward the Primary Shock, gas Contact Interface, Particle Interface, and Secondary Shock. An appropriate methodology is developed to capture the base flows and the physics of Rayleigh-Taylor-based instabilities. The interaction forces between the two phases and the heat transfer are modeled for both the base and the perturbation flows. The parametric space is explored by varying the particle characteristics in order to reveal the mechanisms involved. The results indicate that the gas-gas contact interface remains unstable for the multiphase cases; however, the growth rate of the instability is dampened due to the inclusion of the particles. Results are compared with theoretical models to explain the mechanisms involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - RAYLEIGH flow
KW  - TAYLOR'S series
KW  - SURFACES (Physics)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - FLUID inclusions
N1  - Accession Number: 94775656; Mankbadi, Mina R. 1,2; Email Address: mina.r.mankbadi@nasa.gov Balachandar, S. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH flow; Subject Term: TAYLOR'S series; Subject Term: SURFACES (Physics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: FLUID inclusions; Number of Pages: 26p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 15 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4863447
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94775656&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rojanaratanangkule, Watchapon
AU  - Thomas, T. Glyn
AU  - Coleman, Gary N.
T1  - A numerical investigation of impulsively generated vortical structures in deep and shallow fluid layers.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2014/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 27
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The evolution and formation of large-scale turbulent coherent structures induced by an impulsive jet between non-deformable stress-free layers are investigated via direct numerical simulation at a jet Reynolds number of 1250. The ratio of the initial size of the vortex to the domain depth is varied to study the influence of the bounding surface confinement. A non-conservative body force is applied to the governing equations to represent the momentum source. During the forcing period, the coherent structure appears in the form of a leading vortex ring together with a trailing jet, and breaks down to turbulence due to an instability very similar to theWidnall instability before interacting with the free surface. The input parameters (the momentum flux J, the forcing period Δtf, and the domain depth h) can be grouped together as the confinement number C = J1/2Δtf/h² to parameterise the intensity and strength of the eddy signature at the free surface. Increasing the confinement number corresponds to reducing the ratio of the domain depth to the initial size of the vortex, which leads to a linear increase in the maximum amplitude of the surface signature in terms of the surface eddy strength. A dipole forms for values of C greater than about unity, even though the eddy signature appears at the free surface for all the confinement numbers considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - MOMENTUM (Mechanics)
KW  - FREE surfaces (Fluid mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 94775683; Rojanaratanangkule, Watchapon 1,2; Email Address: watchapon.roj@eng.cmu.ac.th Thomas, T. Glyn 1 Coleman, Gary N. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics Research Group, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand  3: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: MOMENTUM (Mechanics); Subject Term: FREE surfaces (Fluid mechanics); Number of Pages: 27p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 20 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4864443
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Limited rotational and rovibrational line lists computed with highly accurate quartic force fields and ab initio dipole surfaces.
JO  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2014/02/05/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 76
EP  - 83
SN  - 13861425
AB  - Highlights: [•] Quartic Force Fields (QFFs) yield highly accurate spectra including rotational structure. [•] Infrared intensities (IR) are well determined using a CCSD(T) Dipole Moment Surface (DMS). [•] Purely ab initio IR intensities agree extremely well with high-resolution experiment. [•] Purely ab initio transition energies agree very well with high-resolution experiment. [•] Ab initio purely rotational and rovibrational line lists should aid astronomers to assign lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - MOLECULAR force constants
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - ASTRONOMERS
KW  - Coupled cluster theory
KW  - Dipole surfaces
KW  - Møller–Plesset perturbation theory
KW  - Rotational spectroscopy
KW  - Vibrational spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 92517978; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2 Schwenke, David W. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 119, p76; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: MOLECULAR force constants; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coupled cluster theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dipole surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Møller–Plesset perturbation theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrational spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.092
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Bo
AU  - Lim, Taekyung
AU  - Ju, Sanghyun
AU  - Latypov, Marat I
AU  - Kim, Hyoung Seop
AU  - Meyyappan, M
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Ga-doped indium oxide nanowire phase change random access memory cells.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2014/02/07/
VL  - 25
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 055205
EP  - 055211
SN  - 09574484
AB  - Phase change random access memory (PCRAM) devices are usually constructed using tellurium based compounds, but efforts to seek other materials providing desirable memory characteristics have continued. We have fabricated PCRAM devices using Ga-doped In2O3 nanowires with three different Ga compositions (Ga/(In+Ga) atomic ratio: 2.1%, 11.5% and 13.0%), and investigated their phase switching properties. The nanowires (∼40 nm in diameter) can be repeatedly switched between crystalline and amorphous phases, and Ga concentration-dependent memory switching behavior in the nanowires was observed with ultra-fast set/reset rates of 80 ns/20 ns, which are faster than for other competitive phase change materials. The observations of fast set/reset rates and two distinct states with a difference in resistance of two to three orders of magnitude appear promising for nonvolatile information storage. Moreover, we found that increasing the Ga concentration can reduce the power consumption and resistance drift; however, too high a level of Ga doping may cause difficulty in achieving the phase transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALLIUM (Metal)
KW  - INDIUM oxide
KW  - PHASE change memory
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - TELLURIUM compounds
KW  - MAGNITUDE estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 94291966; Jin, Bo 1 Lim, Taekyung 2 Ju, Sanghyun 2 Latypov, Marat I 3 Kim, Hyoung Seop 3 Meyyappan, M 4 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT-Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea  2: Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, 443-760, Republic of Korea  3: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/7/2014, Vol. 25 Issue 5, p055205; Subject Term: GALLIUM (Metal); Subject Term: INDIUM oxide; Subject Term: PHASE change memory; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: TELLURIUM compounds; Subject Term: MAGNITUDE estimation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/25/5/055205
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buehlmeier, Judith
AU  - Mulder, Edwin
AU  - Noppe, Alexandra
AU  - Frings-Meuthen, Petra
AU  - Angerer, Oliver
AU  - Rudwill, Floriane
AU  - Biolo, Gianni
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
AU  - Blanc, Stéphane
AU  - Heer, Martina
T1  - A combination of whey protein and potassium bicarbonate supplements during head-down-tilt bed rest: Presentation of a multidisciplinary randomized controlled trial (MEP study).
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2014/02/10/
VL  - 95
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 91
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Inactivity, as it appears during space flight and in bed rest, induces reduction of lean body and bone mass, glucose intolerance, and weakening of the cardiovascular system. Increased protein intake, whey protein in particular, has been proposed to counteract some of these effects, but has also been associated with negative effects on bone, likely caused by a correspondingly high ratio of acid to alkali precursors in the diet. The main hypothesis of the presented cross-over study (MEP study) was that supplementing high protein intake (1.2g/kg body weight/d plus 0.6g/kg body weight/d whey protein) with alkaline salts (90mmol potassium bicarbonate/d) will maintain lean body mass during bed rest without increasing bone resorption. A 21-day head-down-tilt bed rest study was performed to examine several physiological systems in a multidisciplinary approach. Ten healthy men (age: 31±6 years; body weight: 76.5±5.6kg) were randomly assigned to the dietary countermeasure or isocaloric control first, one test subject randomized to the dietary countermeasure first dropped out after the first campaign. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHEY proteins
KW  - POTASSIUM bicarbonate
KW  - RANDOMIZED controlled trials
KW  - HEAD-down tilt position
KW  - LEAN body mass
KW  - GLUCOSE intolerance
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR system
KW  - Countermeasure
KW  - Immobilization
KW  - Nutrition
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Space flight analog
KW  - Standardization
N1  - Accession Number: 93593344; Buehlmeier, Judith 1,2; Email Address: buehlm@uni-bonn.de Mulder, Edwin 1; Email Address: edwin.mulder@dlr.de Noppe, Alexandra 1; Email Address: alexandra.noppe@dlr.de Frings-Meuthen, Petra 1; Email Address: petra.frings-meuthen@dlr.de Angerer, Oliver 3; Email Address: oliver.angerer@esa-external.com Rudwill, Floriane 4; Email Address: floriane.rudwill@iphc.cnrs.fr Biolo, Gianni 5; Email Address: biolo@units.it Smith, Scott M. 6; Email Address: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov Blanc, Stéphane 4; Email Address: stephane.blanc@iphc.cnrs.fr Heer, Martina 2,7; Email Address: martina.heer@profil.com; Affiliation:  1: German Aerospace Center, Institute of Aerospace Medicine, Linder Hoehe, 51147 Cologne, Germany  2: University of Bonn, Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences, Endenicher Allee 11-13, 53115 Bonn, Germany  3: HE Space for ESA, Huygensstraat 34, 2201 DK Nordwijk, The Netherlands  4: Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Département Ecologie Physiologie et Ethologie, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France  5: University of Trieste, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinica Medica AOUTS, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italien Trieste, Italy  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Human Health and Performance Directorate, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, TX 77058, USA  7: Profil Neuss GmbH, Hellersbergstr. 9, 41460 Neuss, Germany; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 95, p82; Subject Term: WHEY proteins; Subject Term: POTASSIUM bicarbonate; Subject Term: RANDOMIZED controlled trials; Subject Term: HEAD-down tilt position; Subject Term: LEAN body mass; Subject Term: GLUCOSE intolerance; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Countermeasure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immobilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nutrition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space flight analog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Standardization; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.11.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eylen, V. Van
AU  - Lund, M. N.
AU  - Aguirre, V. Silva
AU  - Arentoft, T.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Albrecht, S.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Isaacson, H.
AU  - Pedersen, M. G.
AU  - Jessen-Hansen, J.
AU  - Tingley, B.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Aerts, C.
AU  - Campante, T. L.
AU  - Bryson, S. T.
T1  - WHAT ASTEROSEISMOLOGY CAN DO FOR EXOPLANETS: KEPLER-410A b IS A SMALL NEPTUNE AROUND A BRIGHT STAR, IN AN ECCENTRIC ORBIT CONSISTENT WITH LOW OBLIQUITY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/02/10/
VL  - 782
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 26
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We confirm the Kepler planet candidate Kepler-410A b (KOI-42b) as a Neptune-sized exoplanet on a 17.8 day, eccentric orbit around the bright (Kp = 9.4) star Kepler-410A (KOI-42A). This is the third brightest confirmed planet host star in the Kepler field and one of the brightest hosts of all currently known transiting exoplanets. Kepler-410 consists of a blend between the fast rotating planet host star (Kepler-410A) and a fainter star (Kepler-410B), which has complicated the confirmation of the planetary candidate. Employing asteroseismology, using constraints from the transit light curve, adaptive optics and speckle images, and Spitzer transit observations, we demonstrate that the candidate can only be an exoplanet orbiting Kepler-410A. We determine via asteroseismology the following stellar and planetary parameters with high precision; M⋆ = 1.214 ± 0.033 M☼, R⋆ = 1.352 ± 0.010 R☼, age =2.76 ± 0.54 Gyr, planetary radius (2.838 ± 0.054 R⊕), and orbital eccentricity (). In addition, rotational splitting of the pulsation modes allows for a measurement of Kepler-410A's inclination and rotation rate. Our measurement of an inclination of [°] indicates a low obliquity in this system. Transit timing variations indicate the presence of at least one additional (non-transiting) planet (Kepler-410A c) in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - PULSATING stars
N1  - Accession Number: 94290535; Eylen, V. Van 1,2 Lund, M. N. 1,3 Aguirre, V. Silva 1 Arentoft, T. 1; Email Address: vincent@phys.au.dk Kjeldsen, H. 1 Albrecht, S. 4 Chaplin, W. J. 5 Isaacson, H. 6 Pedersen, M. G. 1 Jessen-Hansen, J. 1 Tingley, B. 1 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 1 Aerts, C. 2 Campante, T. L. 5 Bryson, S. T. 7; Affiliation:  1: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  2: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 B, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  4: Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK  6: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94820, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/10/2014, Vol. 782 Issue 1, p14; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/14
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazumdar, A.
AU  - Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G.
AU  - Ballot, J.
AU  - Antia, H. M.
AU  - Basu, S.
AU  - Houdek, G.
AU  - Mathur, S.
AU  - Cunha, M. S.
AU  - Aguirre, V. Silva
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Salabert, D.
AU  - Verner, G. A.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Metcalfe, T. S.
AU  - Sanderfer, D. T.
AU  - Seader, S. E.
AU  - Smith, J. C.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
T1  - MEASUREMENT OF ACOUSTIC GLITCHES IN SOLAR-TYPE STARS FROM OSCILLATION FREQUENCIES OBSERVED BY KEPLER.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/02/10/
VL  - 782
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 34
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - For the very best and brightest asteroseismic solar-type targets observed by Kepler, the frequency precision is sufficient to determine the acoustic depths of the surface convective layer and the helium ionization zone. Such sharp features inside the acoustic cavity of the star, which we call acoustic glitches, create small oscillatory deviations from the uniform spacing of frequencies in a sequence of oscillation modes with the same spherical harmonic degree. We use these oscillatory signals to determine the acoustic locations of such features in 19 solar-type stars observed by the Kepler mission. Four independent groups of researchers utilized the oscillation frequencies themselves, the second differences of the frequencies and the ratio of the small and large separation to locate the base of the convection zone and the second helium ionization zone. Despite the significantly different methods of analysis, good agreement was found between the results of these four groups, barring a few cases. These results also agree reasonably well with the locations of these layers in representative models of the stars. These results firmly establish the presence of the oscillatory signals in the asteroseismic data and the viability of several techniques to determine the location of acoustic glitches inside stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - STARS
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 94290482; Mazumdar, A. 1 Monteiro, M. J. P. F. G. 2,3 Ballot, J. 4,5 Antia, H. M. 6 Basu, S. 7 Houdek, G. 8,9 Mathur, S. 10,11 Cunha, M. S. 2 Aguirre, V. Silva 8,12 García, R. A. 13 Salabert, D. 14 Verner, G. A. 15 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 8 Metcalfe, T. S. 8,11 Sanderfer, D. T. 16 Seader, S. E. 17 Smith, J. C. 17 Chaplin, W. J. 15; Affiliation:  1: Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education, TIFR, V. N. Purav Marg, Mankhurd, Mumbai 400088, India  2: Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  3: Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal  4: CNRS, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, 14 avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France  5: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31400 Toulouse, France  6: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India  7: Astronomy Department, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 065208101, USA  8: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  9: Institute of Astronomy, University of Vienna, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  10: High Altitude Observatory, NCAR, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  11: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  12: Max Planck Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany  13: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  14: Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR7293, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, F-06304 Nice, France  15: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  16: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  17: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/10/2014, Vol. 782 Issue 1, p18; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: STARS; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/782/1/18
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A.E.
T1  - The prediction of jet noise ground effects using an acoustic analogy and a tailored Green's function.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2014/02/14/
VL  - 333
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1193
EP  - 1207
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: An assessment of an acoustic analogy for the mixing noise component of jet noise in the presence of an infinite surface is presented. The reflection of jet noise by the ground changes the distribution of acoustic energy and is characterized by constructive and destructive interference patterns. The equivalent sources are modeled based on the two-point cross-correlation of the turbulent velocity fluctuations and a steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solution. Propagation effects, due to reflection by the surface and refraction by the jet shear layer, are taken into account by calculating the vector Green's function of the linearized Euler equations (LEE). The vector Green's function of the LEE is written in relation to that of Lilley's equation; that is, it is approximated with matched asymptotic solutions and Green's function of the convective Helmholtz equation. The Green's function of the convective Helmholtz equation in the presence of an infinite flat plane with impedance is the Weyl–van der Pol equation. Predictions are compared with measurements from an unheated Mach 0.95 jet. Microphones are placed at various heights and distances from the nozzle exit in the peak jet noise direction above an acoustically hard and an asphalt surface. The predictions are shown to accurately capture jet noise ground effects that are characterized by constructive and destructive interference patterns in the mid- and far-field and capture overall trends in the near-field. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - ANALOGY
KW  - NOISE
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - HELMHOLTZ equation
N1  - Accession Number: 92682784; Miller, Steven A.E. 1; Email Address: s.miller@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Aeroacoustics Branch, 2 N. Dryden St. MS 461, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 333 Issue 4, p1193; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: ANALOGY; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: HELMHOLTZ equation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2013.10.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pellicer, X.M.
AU  - Linares, R.
AU  - Gutiérrez, F.
AU  - Comas, X.
AU  - Roqué, C.
AU  - Carbonel, D.
AU  - Zarroca, M.
AU  - Rodríguez, J.A.P.
T1  - Morpho-stratigraphic characterization of a tufa mound complex in the Spanish Pyrenees using ground penetrating radar and trenching, implications for studies in Mars.
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2014/02/15/
VL  - 388
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 210
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Abstract: The Isona tufa mound complex (ITMC), associated with artesian springs of the Areny-Montsec aquifer, Spanish Pyrenees, is a potential analog for water constructed landforms on Mars. We used Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), trenching, sedimentological description of exposures, and radiocarbon and U-series dating methods for the geological characterization of the ITMC. Preliminary geomorphological mapping combined with sedimentological analyses permitted the recognition of the different facies and their spatial distribution. GPR surveys conducted next to an outcrop and a trench provided electromagnetic wave velocity in tufas (0.09 and 0.11 m ns−1) and determined the correspondence of the radar signatures with facies types. This was used to reconstruct the tufas internal structure and the depositional stages for two different contexts: (1) an upper unit representing the morpho-stratigraphic record of paleosprings – Tufa 1 – composed of relict tufa mounds older than 350 ka BP; and (2) a lower unit – Tufa 3 – associated with groundwater aquifer outlets (Basturs Lakes). The GPR data allowed depicting the signatures for the vent, pool, rimstone, palustrine, dam, cascade and slope facies. A relationship was inferred between the age of the tufas and the radar signature, in terms of relative amplitude and signal attenuation. Older dry tufas with advanced diagenesis and karstification are characterized by well-defined GPR reflectors and lower attenuation than younger tufas, associated with aquifer discharge and shallower water tables. U-series and radiocarbon ages obtained from the Basturs Lakes tufas indicate that these have been active since 106 ka BP during both cold and mild Marine Isotopic Stages (MIS). We hypothesize that tufas related to the deep-seated Areny-Montsec confined karst aquifer were insensitive to climate variations. Landforms reminiscent of the ITMC have been detected during the last decade on Mars. Since GPR will be part of the ExoMars Rover of the European Space Agency (ESA) mission projected for 2018, we anticipate that our results may be able to constrain the interpretation of landforms possibly related to water on Mars. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology
KW  - TUFAS
KW  - MOUNDS (Archaeology)
KW  - GROUND penetrating radar
KW  - TRENCHING machinery
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - PYRENEES
KW  - geochronology
KW  - GPR
KW  - ITMC
KW  - Mars
KW  - trenching
KW  - tufa mound
N1  - Accession Number: 93701278; Pellicer, X.M. 1 Linares, R. 2 Gutiérrez, F. 3 Comas, X. 4 Roqué, C. 5 Carbonel, D. 3 Zarroca, M. 2 Rodríguez, J.A.P. 6; Affiliation:  1: Geological Survey of Ireland, Beggars Bush, Haddington Road, Dublin 4, Ireland  2: Departamento de Geología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain  3: Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Zaragoza, Edificio Geologicas, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza, Spain  4: Department of Geosciences, Florida Atlantic University, Davie, FL, USA  5: Àrea de Geodinàmica Externa i Geomorfologia, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 388, p197; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology; Subject Term: TUFAS; Subject Term: MOUNDS (Archaeology); Subject Term: GROUND penetrating radar; Subject Term: TRENCHING machinery; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: PYRENEES; Author-Supplied Keyword: geochronology; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPR; Author-Supplied Keyword: ITMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: trenching; Author-Supplied Keyword: tufa mound; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333120 Construction Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212312 Crushed and Broken Limestone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.11.052
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93701278&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
AU  - Michaels, Timothy I.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
T1  - Inverse maximum gross bedform-normal transport 1: How to determine a dune-constructing wind regime using only imagery.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/02/15/
VL  - 230
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 14
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We introduce a technique to identify major sand-moving winds from dune morphology. [•] Major transport vectors can be identified solely from analysis of single images. [•] The technique was validated by testing on the Great Sand Dunes of Colorado, USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - GREAT Sand Dunes National Park & Preserve (Colo.)
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 93821073; Fenton, Lori K. 1; Email Address: lfenton@carlsagancenter.org Michaels, Timothy I. 1 Beyer, Ross A. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 230, p5; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: WIND speed; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: GREAT Sand Dunes National Park & Preserve (Colo.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93821073&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hayward, R.K.
AU  - Fenton, L.K.
AU  - Titus, T.N.
T1  - Mars Global Digital Dune Database (MGD3): Global dune distribution and wind pattern observations.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/02/15/
VL  - 230
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 46
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We look at global trends in martian dune fields. [•] Dunes are concentrated in ergs north of 70°N and in craters south of 40°S. [•] Dune types are similar to terrestrial dunes, except bullseye dune fields. [•] Ground-based wind evidence is consistent with some expected wind patterns. [•] Inconsistent wind evidence likely due to effects of topography on surface winds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - SURFACE topography
KW  - ERGS (Landforms)
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - Mars, Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 93821076; Hayward, R.K. 1; Email Address: rhayward@usgs.gov Fenton, L.K. 2 Titus, T.N. 1; Affiliation:  1: US Geological Survey, 2255 N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, United States  2: Carl Sagan Center/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 230, p38; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: WIND speed; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: SURFACE topography; Subject Term: ERGS (Landforms); Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: DATABASES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.04.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93821076&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fenton, Lori K.
AU  - Michaels, Timothy I.
AU  - Chojnacki, Matthew
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
T1  - Inverse maximum gross bedform-normal transport 2: Application to a dune field in Ganges Chasma, Mars and comparison with HiRISE repeat imagery and MRAMS.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/02/15/
VL  - 230
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 63
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Major sand-moving winds have been identified in Ganges Chasma on Mars. [•] Transport paths determined from images match those determined from other techniques. [•] The main sand-moving winds in Ganges Chasma, Mars are driven by large circulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - GANGES Chasma (Mars)
KW  - WIND speed
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, Atmosphere
KW  - Mars, Climate
KW  - Mars, Surface
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 93821077; Fenton, Lori K. 1; Email Address: lfenton@carlsagancenter.org Michaels, Timothy I. 1 Chojnacki, Matthew 2 Beyer, Ross A. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 230, p47; Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: GANGES Chasma (Mars); Subject Term: WIND speed; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.07.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93821077&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Meilin
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
AU  - Liu, Yen
T1  - On the accuracy and efficiency of discontinuous Galerkin, spectral difference and correction procedure via reconstruction methods.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2014/02/15/
VL  - 259
M3  - Article
SP  - 70
EP  - 95
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: Numerical accuracy and efficiency of several discontinuous high-order methods, including the quadrature-based discontinuous Galerkin (QDG), nodal discontinuous Galerkin (NDG), spectral difference (SD) and flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR), for the conservation laws are analyzed and compared on both linear and curved quadrilateral elements. On linear elements, all the above schemes are one-dimensional in each natural coordinate direction. However, on curved elements, not all schemes can be reduced to a one-dimensional form, although the SD and CPR formulations remain one-dimensional by design. The efficiency and accuracy of various formulations are compared on highly skewed curved elements. Several benchmark problems are simulated to further evaluate the performance of these schemes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISCONTINUOUS functions
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - RECONSTRUCTION (Graph theory)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - Computational efficiency
KW  - Correction procedure via reconstruction
KW  - Curved element
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin
KW  - High-order accuracy
KW  - Quadrature-free
KW  - Spectral difference
N1  - Accession Number: 93656805; Yu, Meilin 1 Wang, Z.J. 1 Liu, Yen 2; Affiliation:  1: The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 259, p70; Subject Term: DISCONTINUOUS functions; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: RECONSTRUCTION (Graph theory); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correction procedure via reconstruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curved element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quadrature-free; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral difference; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2013.11.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93656805&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Patrick H.
AU  - Parker, F. Raymond
T1  - NDE Evidence for the Damage Arrestment Performance of PRSEUS Composite Cube During High-Pressure Load Test.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/02/18/
VL  - 1581
M3  - Article
SP  - 1106
EP  - 1113
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - As an approach to light-weight, cost-effective and manufacturable structures required to enable the hybrid wing body aircraft, The Boeing Company, Inc. and NASA have developed the Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure (PRSEUS) concept. A PRSEUS pressure cube was developed as a risk reduction test article to examine a new integral cap joint concept as part of a building block approach for technology development of the PRSEUS concept. The overall specimen strength exceeded the 18.4 psi load requirement as testing resulted in the cube reaching a final pressure load of around 48 psi prior to catastrophic failure. The cube pressure test verified that the joints and structure were capable of sustaining the required loads, and represented the first testing of joined PRSEUS structure. This paper will address the damage arrestment performance of the stitched PRSEUS structure. Following catastrophic failure of the cube, ultrasonic pulse-echo inspection found that the localized damage, surrounding a barely-visible impact damage site, did not change noticeably between just after impact and catastrophic failure of the cube, and did not play a role in the catastrophic failure event. Ultrasonic inspection of the remaining intact cube panels presented three basic types of indications: delaminations between laminae parallel to the face sheets, lying between face sheet and tear strap layers, or between tear strap and flange layers; delaminations above the noodles of stringers, frames or integral caps, lying within face sheet or tear strap layers; and delaminations between the laminae in the inner fillets of the integral caps, where pull-off stresses were expected to be highest. Delaminations of all three types were predominantly contained by the first row of stitches encountered. For the small fraction of delaminations extending beyond the first row of stitches, all were contained by the second stitch row. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - HIGH pressure (Technology)
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - HYBRID systems
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - composite structure
KW  - damage arrestment
KW  - stitched composite
KW  - ultrasonics
N1  - Accession Number: 94674833; Johnston, Patrick H. 1 Parker, F. Raymond 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 1581, p1106; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: HIGH pressure (Technology); Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: HYBRID systems; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: composite structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: damage arrestment; Author-Supplied Keyword: stitched composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultrasonics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 5 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4864944
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94674833&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara A. C.
AU  - Parker, F. Raymond
T1  - Simulation Based Investigation of Hidden Delamination Damage Detection in CFRP Composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/02/18/
VL  - 1581
M3  - Article
SP  - 1114
EP  - 1121
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Guided wave (GW) based damage detection methods have shown promise in structural health monitoring (SHM) and hybrid SHM-nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. Much previous GW work in the aerospace field has been primarily focused on metallic materials, with a growing focus on composite materials. The work presented in this paper demonstrates how realistic three-dimensional (3D) GW simulations can aid in the development of GW based damage characterization techniques for aerospace composites. 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique is implemented to model GW interaction with realistic delamination damage. A local wavenumber technique is applied to simulation data in order to investigate the detectability of hidden delamination damage to enable accurate characterization of damage extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - CARBON composites
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - Composite
KW  - Delamination
KW  - EFIT
KW  - Guided Wave
KW  - Simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 94674835; Leckey, Cara A. C. 1 Parker, F. Raymond 1; Affiliation:  1: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 1581, p1114; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: CARBON composites; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: EFIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guided Wave; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4864945
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhenhua Tian
AU  - Leckey, Cara A. C.
AU  - Lingyu Yu
T1  - 3D Guided Wave Motion Analysis on Laminated Composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/02/18/
VL  - 1581
M3  - Article
SP  - 1149
EP  - 1156
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Ultrasonic guided waves have proved useful for structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) due to their ability to propagate long distances with less energy loss compared to bulk waves and due to their sensitivity to small defects in the structure. Analysis of actively transmitted ultrasonic signals has long been used to detect and assess damage. However, there remain many challenging tasks for guided wave based SHM due to the complexity involved with propagating guided waves, especially in the case of composite materials. The multimodal nature of the ultrasonic guided waves complicates the related damage analysis. This paper presents results from parallel 3D elastodynamic finite integration technique (EFIT) simulations used to acquire 3D wave motion in the subject laminated carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites. The acquired 3D wave motion is then analyzed by frequency-wavenumber analysis to study the wave propagation and interaction in the composite laminate. The frequency-wavenumber analysis allows for the study of individual modes and visualization of mode conversion. Delamination damage has been incorporated into the EFIT model to generate "damaged" data. The possibility of mode isolation is also explored and potential for damage detection in laminated composites is discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - FINITE integral method
KW  - ULTRASONIC testing
KW  - Delamination
KW  - EFIT
KW  - Frequency Wavenumber Analysis
KW  - Guided waves
N1  - Accession Number: 94674844; Zhenhua Tian 1 Leckey, Cara A. C. 2 Lingyu Yu 1; Affiliation:  1: University of South Carolina, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia SC 29205  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 1581, p1149; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: FINITE integral method; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: EFIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency Wavenumber Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guided waves; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4864950
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94674844&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Wallace, Terryl
AU  - Newman, Andy
AU  - Leser, Paul
AU  - Simpson, John
T1  - Design and Application of Hybrid Magnetic Field-Eddy Current Probe.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/02/18/
VL  - 1581
M3  - Article
SP  - 1359
EP  - 1365
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The incorporation of magnetic field sensors into eddy current probes can result in novel probe designs with unique performance characteristics. One such example is a recently developed electromagnetic probe consisting of a two-channel magnetoresistive sensor with an embedded single-strand eddy current inducer. Magnetic flux leakage maps of ferrous materials are generated from the DC sensor response while high-resolution eddy current imaging is simultaneously performed at frequencies up to 5 MHz. In this work the design and optimization of this probe will be presented, along with an application toward analysis of sensory materials with embedded ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy (FSMA) particles. The sensory material is designed to produce a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition in the FSMA particles under strain. Mapping of the stray magnetic field and eddy current response of the sample with the hybrid probe can thereby image locations in the structure which have experienced an overstrain condition. Numerical modeling of the probe response is performed with good agreement with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - EDDY current testing
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - MAGNETIC flux
KW  - HYBRID systems
KW  - Anisotropic Magnetoresistance
KW  - Eddy Current
KW  - Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy
N1  - Accession Number: 94674935; Wincheski, Buzz 1 Wallace, Terryl 1 Newman, Andy 1 Leser, Paul 1 Simpson, John 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, 23681  2: Northrop Grumman, Hampton VA, 23681; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 1581, p1359; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: EDDY current testing; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: MAGNETIC flux; Subject Term: HYBRID systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropic Magnetoresistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy Current; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4864979
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94674935&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cramer, K. Elliott
AU  - Hayward, Maurice
AU  - Yost, William T.
T1  - Quantification of Residual Stress from Photonic Signatures of Fused Silica.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/02/18/
VL  - 1581
M3  - Article
SP  - 1679
EP  - 1686
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A commercially available grey-field polariscope (GFP) instrument for photoelastic examination is used to assess impact damage inflicted upon the outer-most pane of Space Shuttle windows made from fused silica. A method and apparatus for calibration of the stress-optic coefficient using four-point bending is discussed. The results are validated on known material (acrylic) and are found to agree with literature values to within 6%. The calibration procedure is then applied to fused-silica specimens and the stress-optic coefficient is determined to be 2.43 ± 0.54 x 10-12 Pa-1. Fused silica specimens containing impacts artificially made at NASA's Hypervelocity Impact Technology Facility (HIT-F), to simulate damage typical during space flight, are examined. The damage sites are cored from fused silica window carcasses and examined with the GFP. The calibrated GFP measurements of residual stress patterns surrounding the damage sites are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - SILICA
KW  - PHOTOELASTICITY
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - Fused Silica
KW  - Glass
KW  - Photoelasticity
KW  - Residual Stress
N1  - Accession Number: 94682592; Cramer, K. Elliott 1 Hayward, Maurice 2 Yost, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23185; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 1581, p1679; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: PHOTOELASTICITY; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fused Silica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoelasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual Stress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4865025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94682592&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gencturk, Bora
AU  - Araki, Yoshikazu
AU  - Kusama, Tomoe
AU  - Omori, Toshihiro
AU  - Kainuma, Ryosuke
AU  - Medina, Fernando
T1  - Loading rate and temperature dependency of superelastic Cu–Al–Mn alloys.
JO  - Construction & Building Materials
JF  - Construction & Building Materials
Y1  - 2014/02/28/
VL  - 53
M3  - Article
SP  - 555
EP  - 560
SN  - 09500618
AB  - Highlights: [•] Behavior of Cu–Al–Mn superelastic alloys under high loading rates. [•] Behavior of Cu–Al–Mn superelastic alloys under low and high temperatures. [•] Behavior of Cu–Al–Mn superelastic alloys under large strains. [•] Effect of grain size and orientation on response of Cu–Al–Mn superelastic alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Construction & Building Materials is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - COPPER alloys
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - GRAIN size
KW  - Cu–Al–Mn
KW  - Cu-based
KW  - Loading rate
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Superelastic effect
KW  - Temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 94575619; Gencturk, Bora 1; Email Address: bgencturk@uh.edu Araki, Yoshikazu 2 Kusama, Tomoe 3 Omori, Toshihiro 3 Kainuma, Ryosuke 3 Medina, Fernando 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-4003, USA  2: Department of Architecture and Architectural Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan  3: Department of Materials Science, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan  4: Jacobs Technology, Inc., Structures Test Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Feb2014, Vol. 53, p555; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: COPPER alloys; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: GRAIN size; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cu–Al–Mn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cu-based; Author-Supplied Keyword: Loading rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superelastic effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.12.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94575619&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Drummond, J. Philip
T1  - Methods for Prediction of High-Speed Reacting Flows in Aerospace Propulsion.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 465
EP  - 485
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses methods that could predict high-speed reacting flows that happen in aerospace propulsion. Topics discussed include scramjet technology, Mach 8 technology capable, and computational tools in aerospace. Also mentioned are flowfields and hypersonic technology developed and started by the U.S. government.
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering -- Research
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - SCRAMJET engines
KW  - MACH number
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 94894444; Drummond, J. Philip 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p465; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering -- Research; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: SCRAMJET engines; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052283
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94894444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gelfand, J. D.
AU  - Slane, P. O.
AU  - Temim, T.
T1  - The properties of the progenitor, neutron star, and pulsar wind in the supernova remnant Kes 75.
JO  - Astronomische Nachrichten
JF  - Astronomische Nachrichten
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 335
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 318
EP  - 323
SN  - 00046337
AB  - By studying composite supernova remnants (SNRs), remnants which contain a pulsar wind nebula (PWN), it is possible to estimate physical properties of the progenitor explosion, central neutron star, and its pulsar wind that are difficult to measure directly. This is best done by fitting the dynamical and broadband spectral properties of a PWN with an evolutionary model for a PWN inside an SNR. We apply such a model to the composite SNR Kes 75, whose associated pulsar PSR J1846-0258 is thought to have an extremely strong surface magnetic field. If ∼3 M⊙ of mass was ejected in the supernova, our model suggests a normal or slightly subenergetic supernova in a low density environment. Additionally, for the measured pre-outburst braking index of p = 2.65, our model prefers an age of ∼430 years and an initial spin period P0 ∼ 0.2 s. Lastly, the magnetization of the pulsar wind and energy spectrum of particles injected at the termination shock are similar to those observed from other PWNe powered by less magnetized neutron stars. While further study is needed to verify these results, they are nominally inconsistent with strong neutron star magnetic fields resulting from very fast initial rotation. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomische Nachrichten is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PULSARS
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - NEUTRON stars
KW  - STARS -- Magnetic fields
KW  - MAGNETIZATION
KW  - ISM: (Kes 75)
KW  - pulsars: individual (J1846−0258)
KW  - supernova remnants
N1  - Accession Number: 94728484; Gelfand, J. D. 1,2 Slane, P. O. 3 Temim, T. 4; Affiliation:  1: NYU Abu Dhabi PO Box 129188 Abu Dhabi, UAE  2: Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics New York University Meyer Hall of Physics 4 Washington Place, Room 531 New York, NY 10003  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden Street Cambridge, MA 02138  4: Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 335 Issue 3, p318; Subject Term: PULSARS; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: NEUTRON stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Magnetic fields; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: (Kes 75); Author-Supplied Keyword: pulsars: individual (J1846−0258); Author-Supplied Keyword: supernova remnants; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/asna.201312039
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94728484&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Ji
AU  - Xie, Ji-Wei
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Fischer, Debra A.
T1  - INFLUENCE OF STELLAR MULTIPLICITY ON PLANET FORMATION. I. EVIDENCE OF SUPPRESSED PLANET FORMATION DUE TO STELLAR COMPANIONS WITHIN 20 AU AND VALIDATION OF FOUR PLANETS FROM THE KEPLER MULTIPLE PLANET CANDIDATES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03//3/ 1/2014
VL  - 783
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4
EP  - 18
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The planet occurrence rate for multiple stars is important in two aspects. First, almost half of stellar systems in the solar neighborhood are multiple systems. Second, the comparison of the planet occurrence rate for multiple stars to that for single stars sheds light on the influence of stellar multiplicity on planet formation and evolution. We developed a method of distinguishing planet occurrence rates for single and multiple stars. From a sample of 138 bright (KP < 13.5) Kepler multi-planet candidate systems, we compared the stellar multiplicity rate of these planet host stars to that of field stars. Using dynamical stability analyses and archival Doppler measurements, we find that the stellar multiplicity rate of planet host stars is significantly lower than field stars for semimajor axes less than 20 AU, suggesting that planet formation and evolution are suppressed by the presence of a close-in companion star at these separations. The influence of stellar multiplicity at larger separations is uncertain because of search incompleteness due to a limited Doppler observation time baseline and a lack of high-resolution imaging observation. We calculated the planet confidence for the sample of multi-planet candidates and find that the planet confidences for KOI 82.01, KOI 115.01, KOI 282.01, and KOI 1781.02 are higher than 99.7% and thus validate the planetary nature of these four planet candidates. This sample of bright Kepler multi-planet candidates with refined stellar and orbital parameters, planet confidence estimation, and nearby stellar companion identification offers a well-characterized sample for future theoretical and observational study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - MULTIPLE stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 94417472; Wang, Ji 1; Email Address: ji.wang@yale.edu Xie, Ji-Wei 2,3 Barclay, Thomas 4,5 Fischer, Debra A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada  3: Department of Astronomy & Key Laboratory of Modern Astronomy and Astrophysics in Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, 210093, China  4: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: 3/ 1/2014, Vol. 783 Issue 12, p4; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Subject Term: MULTIPLE stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/783/1/4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, Hao
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Stehr, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Arkinson, Heather L.
AU  - Brent, Lacey C.
AU  - Follette-Cook, Melanie B.
AU  - Tzortziou, Maria A.
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Thompson, Anne M.
AU  - Martins, Douglas K.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
AU  - Lee, Pius
AU  - Hains, Jennifer C.
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - An elevated reservoir of air pollutants over the Mid-Atlantic States during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ campaign: Airborne measurements and numerical simulations.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 30
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: During a classic heat wave with record high temperatures and poor air quality from July 18 to 23, 2011, an elevated reservoir of air pollutants was observed over and downwind of Baltimore, MD, with relatively clean conditions near the surface. Aircraft and ozonesonde measurements detected ∼120 ppbv ozone at 800 m altitude, but ∼80 ppbv ozone near the surface. High concentrations of other pollutants were also observed around the ozone peak: ∼300 ppbv CO at 1200 m, ∼2 ppbv NO2 at 800 m, ∼5 ppbv SO2 at 600 m, and strong aerosol optical scattering (2 × 10−4 m−1) at 600 m. These results suggest that the elevated reservoir is a mixture of automobile exhaust (high concentrations of O3, CO, and NO2) and power plant emissions (high SO2 and aerosols). Back trajectory calculations show a local stagnation event before the formation of this elevated reservoir. Forward trajectories suggest an influence on downwind air quality, supported by surface ozone observations on the next day over the downwind PA, NJ and NY area. Meteorological observations from aircraft and ozonesondes show a dramatic veering of wind direction from south to north within the lowest 5000 m, implying that the development of the elevated reservoir was caused in part by the Chesapeake Bay breeze. Based on in situ observations, CMAQ forecast simulations with 12 km resolution overestimated surface ozone concentrations and failed to predict this elevated reservoir; however, CMAQ research simulations with 4 km and 1.33 km resolution more successfully reproduced this event. These results show that high resolution is essential for resolving coastal effects and predicting air quality for cities near major bodies of water such as Baltimore on the Chesapeake Bay and downwind areas in the Northeast. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollutants
KW  - RESERVOIRS
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - HEAT waves (Meteorology)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - OZONESONDES
KW  - MIDDLE Atlantic States
KW  - BALTIMORE (Md.)
KW  - Bay Breeze
KW  - CMAQ simulations
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ campaign
N1  - Accession Number: 94052245; He, Hao 1,2; Email Address: hhe@atmos.umd.edu Loughner, Christopher P. 1,3 Stehr, Jeffrey W. 2 Arkinson, Heather L. 2 Brent, Lacey C. 4 Follette-Cook, Melanie B. 5,6 Tzortziou, Maria A. 1,3 Pickering, Kenneth E. 3 Thompson, Anne M. 3,7 Martins, Douglas K. 7 Diskin, Glenn S. 8 Anderson, Bruce E. 8 Crawford, James H. 8 Weinheimer, Andrew J. 9 Lee, Pius 10 Hains, Jennifer C. 11 Dickerson, Russell R. 1,2,4; Affiliation:  1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA  5: Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD 21251, USA  6: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21004, USA  7: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  9: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  10: NOAA Air Resource Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740, USA  11: Maryland Department of the Environment, Baltimore, MD 21230, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 85, p18; Subject Term: AIR pollutants; Subject Term: RESERVOIRS; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: HEAT waves (Meteorology); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: OZONESONDES; Subject Term: MIDDLE Atlantic States; Subject Term: BALTIMORE (Md.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bay Breeze; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAQ simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ campaign; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
T1  - On the computation of high order Rys quadrature weights and nodes.
JO  - Computer Physics Communications
JF  - Computer Physics Communications
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 185
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 762
EP  - 763
SN  - 00104655
AB  - Abstract: We develop and describe a new method for computing Gaussian quadrature weights and nodes for non-classical weight functions and apply it to the Rys quadrature used to accurately compute two-electron repulsion integrals over Gaussian type orbitals in molecular electronic structure theory. With the new method, using an ordinary 64 bit floating point representation, it is possible to compute weights and nodes to an accuracy of one part in 1012 even for the absurdly high value of . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Computer Physics Communications is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUADRATURE amplitude modulation
KW  - GAUSSIAN processes
KW  - FUNCTIONS (Mathematics)
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - INTEGRALS
KW  - Electron repulsion integrals
KW  - Gaussian quadrature
N1  - Accession Number: 94304397; Schwenke, David W. 1; Email Address: david.w.schwenke@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 258-2, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 185 Issue 3, p762; Subject Term: QUADRATURE amplitude modulation; Subject Term: GAUSSIAN processes; Subject Term: FUNCTIONS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: INTEGRALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron repulsion integrals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaussian quadrature; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cpc.2013.11.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94304397&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Plachta, David W.
AU  - Guzik, Monica C.
T1  - Cryogenic Boil-Off Reduction System.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 60
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 67
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Highlights: [•] Active cooling reduces mass over passive-only thermal control after mission durations of a few weeks. [•] Reverse turbo-Brayton cycle cryocooler has low integration losses. [•] Self supporting multi-layer insulation (MLI) concept reduces mass. [•] Active cooling reduces risk due to performance variations with MLI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - COOLING
KW  - CHEMICAL reduction
KW  - BRAYTON cycle
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC cycles
KW  - Cryogenic propellant storage
KW  - Reverse turbo-Brayton cycle cryocooler
KW  - Self-supporting multi-layer insulation
KW  - Zero boil-off
N1  - Accession Number: 94794102; Plachta, David W. 1; Email Address: david.w.plachta@nasa.gov Guzik, Monica C. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 60, p62; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reduction; Subject Term: BRAYTON cycle; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC cycles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic propellant storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reverse turbo-Brayton cycle cryocooler; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-supporting multi-layer insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zero boil-off; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.12.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morgan, Jennifer L. L.
AU  - Ritchie, Lauren E.
AU  - Crucian, Brian E.
AU  - Theriot, Corey
AU  - Honglu Wu
AU  - Sams, Clarence
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
AU  - Turner, Nancy D.
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
T1  - Increased dietary iron and radiation in rats promote oxidative stress, induce localized and systemic immune system responses, and alter colon mucosal environment.
JO  - FASEB Journal
JF  - FASEB Journal
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1486
EP  - 1498
AB  - Astronauts are exposed to increased body iron stores and radiation, both of which can cause oxidative damage leading to negative health effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate combined effects of high dietary iron (650 mg/kg diet) and radiation exposure (0.375 Gy cesium-137 every other day for 16 d) on markers of oxidative stress, immune system function, and colon mucosal environment in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=8/group). Control rats consumed adequate iron (45 mg/kg diet) and were not irradiated. Combined treatments increased liver glutathione peroxidase, serum catalase, and colon myeloperoxidase while decreasing total fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations. The high-iron diet alone increased leukocyte count. Radiation decreased the T-cell CD4: CD8 ratio. Plasma iron was negatively correlated with cytokine production in activated monocytes. Genes involved in colon microbial signaling, immune response, and injury repair were altered by radiation. Genes involved with injury repair and pathogen recognition changed with dietary iron. These data demonstrate that dietary iron and radiation, alone and combined, contribute to oxidative stress that is related to immune system alterations in circulation and the colon. The model presented may help us better understand the changes to these systems that have been identified among astronauts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FASEB Journal is the property of Federation of American Society for Experimental Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - IMMUNE system
KW  - IMMUNE response
KW  - body iron stores
KW  - cytokines
KW  - injury repair
KW  - pathogen recognition
KW  - short-chain fatty acids
N1  - Accession Number: 94948355; Morgan, Jennifer L. L. 1 Ritchie, Lauren E. 2 Crucian, Brian E. 3 Theriot, Corey 4 Honglu Wu 3 Sams, Clarence 5 Smith, Scott M. 3 Turner, Nancy D. 2 Zwart, Sara R. 6; Email Address: sara.zwart-l@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Oak Ridge Associated Universities/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Post- Doctoral Fellowship Program, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas USA  2: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA  3: Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas USA  4: Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA  5: Space and Clinical Operations Division, Human Health and Performance Directorate, NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston Texas USA  6: Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p1486; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: OXIDATIVE stress; Subject Term: IMMUNE system; Subject Term: IMMUNE response; Author-Supplied Keyword: body iron stores; Author-Supplied Keyword: cytokines; Author-Supplied Keyword: injury repair; Author-Supplied Keyword: pathogen recognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: short-chain fatty acids; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1096/fj.13-239418
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94948355&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Megan L.
AU  - Claire, Mark W.
AU  - Catling, David C.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
T1  - The formation of sulfate, nitrate and perchlorate salts in the martian atmosphere.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 231
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 64
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We model a modified martian atmosphere to calculate deposition fluxes of salts. [•] Estimated sulfate soil concentrations are consistent with observed sulfate on Mars. [•] Pernitric acid forms more rapidly in the martian atmosphere than nitric acid. [•] An atmospheric origin for perchlorate is precluded (or supplemented by other processes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - PERCHLORATES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheres, chemistry
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, atmosphere
KW  - Mars, surface
KW  - Photochemistry
N1  - Accession Number: 94366502; Smith, Megan L. 1; Email Address: msmith25@u.washington.edu Claire, Mark W. 2,3 Catling, David C. 1 Zahnle, Kevin J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  2: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9AL, UK  3: Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA 98145, USA  4: NASA – Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 231, p51; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94366502&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poulet, F.
AU  - Carter, J.
AU  - Bishop, J.L.
AU  - Loizeau, D.
AU  - Murchie, S.M.
T1  - Mineral abundances at the final four curiosity study sites and implications for their formation.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 231
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
EP  - 76
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We derive the modal mineralogy of the four MSL landing site candidates. [•] The largest abundance of phyllosilicates (30–70vol%) is found in Mawrth Vallis. [•] The Holden deposit composition suggests transport and deposition of altered basalts. [•] The Eberswalde mineralogy consists of detrital clays and authigenic phases. [•] At Gale, the low abundance of clays do not favor a complex and long drainage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - BASALT
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - EBERSWALDE (Germany)
KW  - Mars, surface
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 94366503; Poulet, F. 1; Email Address: francois.poulet@ias.u-psud.fr Carter, J. 2 Bishop, J.L. 3 Loizeau, D. 4 Murchie, S.M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS/Univ. Paris Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France  2: European Sourthern Observatory, Santiago 19, Chile  3: SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: LGLTPE, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon 1, 69622 Villeurbanne, France  5: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 231, p65; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: BASALT; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: EBERSWALDE (Germany); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94366503&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cure, David
AU  - Weller, Thomas M.
AU  - Price, Tony
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Van Keuls, Frederick W.
T1  - Low-Profile Tunable Dipole Antenna Using Barium Strontium Titanate Varactors.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 62
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1185
EP  - 1193
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - In this paper, a 2.4 GHz low-profile dipole antenna that uses a frequency-selective surface (FSS) with interdigital barium strontium titanate (BST) varactor-tuned unit cells is presented. The tunable unit cell is a square patch with a small aperture on either side to accommodate the BST devices. The Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 varactors were fabricated on alumina substrates and demonstrate capacitance tuning of 1.5:1 (33%) at 90 V. The varactor chips were placed only along one dimension of the FSS to avoid the use of vias and simplify the dc-bias network. The measured data of the antenna demonstrate tunability from 2.23 to 2.55 GHz with a peak gain at broadside that ranges from 3 to 3.7 dBi, and instantaneous bandwidths of 50 to 160 MHz within the tuning range. The total antenna thickness is approximately \lambda/47. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIPOLE antennas
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BARIUM strontium titanate
KW  - BENZOCYCLOBUTENE
KW  - FREQUENCY selective surfaces
KW  - VARACTORS
KW  - TITANATES
KW  - CAPACITORS
KW  - Benzocyclobutene
KW  - BST
KW  - Capacitance
KW  - capacitors
KW  - ferroelectric
KW  - Fingers
KW  - Frequency measurement
KW  - Frequency selective surfaces
KW  - frequency-selective surfaces (FSS)
KW  - low-profile antenna
KW  - Solid modeling
KW  - varactor-tuned high impedance surfaces (HIS)
KW  - Varactors
N1  - Accession Number: 94764010; Cure, David 1 Weller, Thomas M. 2 Price, Tony 3 Miranda, Felix A. 4 Van Keuls, Frederick W. 5; Affiliation:  1: Kymeta Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA  2: University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA  3: Intel Corporation, Chandler, AZ, USA  4: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  5: Vantage Partners LLC at NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 62 Issue 3, p1185; Subject Term: DIPOLE antennas; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BARIUM strontium titanate; Subject Term: BENZOCYCLOBUTENE; Subject Term: FREQUENCY selective surfaces; Subject Term: VARACTORS; Subject Term: TITANATES; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benzocyclobutene; Author-Supplied Keyword: BST; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capacitance; Author-Supplied Keyword: capacitors; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fingers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequency selective surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: frequency-selective surfaces (FSS); Author-Supplied Keyword: low-profile antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: varactor-tuned high impedance surfaces (HIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Varactors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2013.2294191
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94764010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenwood, Eric
AU  - Schmitz, Fredric H.
T1  - Separation of Main and Tail Rotor Noise from Ground-Based Acoustic Measurements.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/03//Mar/Apr2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 464
EP  - 472
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A new method of characterizing the external noise radiation of rotorcraft is presented, making use of ground-based acoustic measurements. The method employs time-domain de-Dopplerization to transform the acoustic pressure time-history data collected from a fixed array of ground-based microphones to the equivalent time-history signals observed by an array of virtual in-flight microphones traveling with the helicopter. The now-stationary signals observed by the virtual microphones are then periodically averaged with the main and tail rotor blade passages, which are inferred from the acoustic signals using wavelet analysis. The averaging process suppresses noise that is not periodic with the respective rotor, allowing for the separation of main and tail rotor pressure time histories. The averaged measurements are then interpolated across the range of directivity angles captured by the microphone array in order to generate separate acoustic hemispheres for the main and tail rotor noise sources. This method facilitates a more direct comparison of ground-based noise measurements of rotorcraft with theoretical predictions and wind tunnel measurements of isolated rotors. The new method is successfully applied to ground-based microphone measurements of a Bell 206B3 helicopter and demonstrates the strong directivity characteristics of harmonic noise radiation from both the main and tail rotors of that helicopter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - WAVELETS (Mathematics)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Noise
N1  - Accession Number: 95543450; Greenwood, Eric 1 Schmitz, Fredric H. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Source Info: Mar/Apr2014, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p464; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: WAVELETS (Mathematics); Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Noise; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032046
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rallabhandi, Sriram K.
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Diskin, Boris
T1  - Sonic-Boom Mitigation Through Aircraft Design and Adjoint Methodology.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/03//Mar/Apr2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 502
EP  - 510
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper presents a novel approach to design of the supersonic aircraft outer mold line by optimizing a A-weighted loudness-based objective of the sonic-boom signature predicted on the ground. The optimization process uses the sensitivity information obtained by coupling the discrete adjoint formulations for the augmented Burgers equation and computational-fluid-dynamics equations. This coupled formulation links the loudness of the ground boom signature to the aircraft geometry, thus allowing efficient shape optimization for the purpose of minimizing the loudness. The accuracy of the adjoint-based sensitivities is verified against sensitivities obtained using an independent complex-variable approach. The adjoint-based optimization methodology is applied to a configuration previously optimized using alternative state-of-the-art optimization methods and produces additional loudness reduction. The results of the optimizations are reported and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - BURGERS' equation
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - LOUDNESS
N1  - Accession Number: 95543453; Rallabhandi, Sriram K. 1 Nielsen, Eric J. 2 Diskin, Boris 1,3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Visiting Associate Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903; Source Info: Mar/Apr2014, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p502; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes -- Design & construction; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: BURGERS' equation; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: LOUDNESS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032189
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95543453&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gao, R.
AU  - Rosenlof, K.
AU  - Fahey, D.
AU  - Wennberg, P.
AU  - Hintsa, E.
AU  - Hanisco, T.
T1  - OH in the tropical upper troposphere and its relationships to solar radiation and reactive nitrogen.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 71
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 64
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - In situ measurements of [OH], [HO] (square brackets denote species concentrations), and other chemical species were made in the tropical upper troposphere (TUT). [OH] showed a robust correlation with solar zenith angle. Beyond this dependence, however, [OH] did not correlate to its primary source, the product of [O] and [HO] ([O]•[HO]), or its sink [NO]. This suggests that [OH] is heavily buffered in the TUT. One important exception to this result is found in regions with very low [O], [NO], and [NO]. Under these conditions, [OH] is highly suppressed, pointing to the critical role of NO in sustaining OH in the TUT and the possibility of low [OH] over the western Pacific warm pool due to strong marine convections bringing NO-poor air to the TUT. In contrast to [OH], [HO] ([OH] + [HO]) correlated reasonably well with [O]•[HO]/[NO], suggesting that [O]•[HO] and [NO] are the significant source and sink, respectively, of [HO]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - REACTIVE nitrogen species
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - AIR
KW  - In situ
KW  - OH
KW  - STRAT
KW  - Tropical upper troposphere
N1  - Accession Number: 96839383; Gao, R. 1; Email Address: RuShan.Gao@noaa.gov Rosenlof, K. 1 Fahey, D. Wennberg, P. 2 Hintsa, E. Hanisco, T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder 80305 USA  2: Divisions of Geological and Planetary Sciences and Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125 USA  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 71 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: REACTIVE nitrogen species; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: AIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ; Author-Supplied Keyword: OH; Author-Supplied Keyword: STRAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical upper troposphere; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-014-9280-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96839383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ansari, Rafat R.
T1  - Lasers for Medical Applications: Diagnostics, Therapy, and Surgery.
JO  - Journal of Biomedical Optics
JF  - Journal of Biomedical Optics
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 19
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
SN  - 10833668
AB  - The article discusses the various aspects of lasers for medical applications with details on diagnostics, therapy and surgery.
KW  - LASERS
KW  - OPTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 97480710; Ansari, Rafat R. 1; Email Address: rafat.r.ansari@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Senior Scientist, NASA, John H. Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 19 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: LASERS; Subject Term: OPTICS; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strizik, L.
AU  - Zhang, J.
AU  - Wagner, T.
AU  - Oswald, J.
AU  - Kohoutek, T.
AU  - Walsh, B.M.
AU  - Prikryl, J.
AU  - Svoboda, R.
AU  - Liu, C.
AU  - Frumarova, B.
AU  - Frumar, M.
AU  - Pavlista, M.
AU  - Park, W.J.
AU  - Heo, J.
T1  - Green, red and near-infrared photon up-conversion in Ga–Ge–Sb–S:Er3+ amorphous chalcogenides.
JO  - Journal of Luminescence
JF  - Journal of Luminescence
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 147
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 215
SN  - 00222313
AB  - Abstract: We report on compositional tuning in Er3+ ions doped Ga–Ge–Sb–S glassy system allowing for effective 2H11/2→4I15/2 (530nm), 4S3/2→4I15/2 (550nm), 4F9/2→4I15/2 (660nm), 4I9/2→4I15/2 (810nm), 4I11/2→4I15/2 (990nm) intra-4f electronic transition emissions of Er3+ ions under 808nm, 980nm or 1550nm laser pumping. We changed the composition of well-known Ge20Ga5Sb10S65 glass to Ge25Ga10−x Sb x S65, where x=0.5at%, 2.5at% or 5.0at% and doped it with 0.5at% of Er3+ ions. The short-wavelength absorption edge of the studied glassy hosts is blue-shifted by substitution of Sb with Ga to ~500nm making the green emission at 530nm and 550nm and even 495nm (4F7/2→4I15/2) observable, while the glass stability was kept high characterized with the difference of T  c −T  g >100K and mean coordination numbers 2.67–2.71. Up-conversion emission decay times of all anti-Stokes emissions were in the range of 0.2–2.1ms. The influence of Ga substitution with Sb on the structure and the optical properties was investigated. The spectroscopic parameters for Er3+ ions with local environment change were analyzed based on Judd–Ofelt theory. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Luminescence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTON upconversion
KW  - NEAR infrared radiation
KW  - CHALCOGENIDES
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - EUROPIUM
KW  - LASERS -- Pumping
KW  - Chalcogenide glasses
KW  - Er3+
KW  - Ga–Ge–Sb–S
KW  - Judd–Ofelt analysis
KW  - Up-conversion
KW  - Upconversion
N1  - Accession Number: 93419888; Strizik, L. 1; Email Address: lukas.strizik@centrum.cz Zhang, J. 2 Wagner, T. 1 Oswald, J. 3 Kohoutek, T. 1 Walsh, B.M. 4 Prikryl, J. 1 Svoboda, R. 5 Liu, C. 6 Frumarova, B. 7 Frumar, M. 1 Pavlista, M. 8 Park, W.J. 2 Heo, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic  2: Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, Center for Information Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea  3: Institute of Physics of the ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic  6: State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Hongshan, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, PR China  7: Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Heyrovskeho nam. 2, Prague, Czech Republic  8: Department of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 84, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 147, p209; Subject Term: PHOTON upconversion; Subject Term: NEAR infrared radiation; Subject Term: CHALCOGENIDES; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: EUROPIUM; Subject Term: LASERS -- Pumping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chalcogenide glasses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Er3+; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ga–Ge–Sb–S; Author-Supplied Keyword: Judd–Ofelt analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Up-conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upconversion; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jlumin.2013.11.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milos, Frank S.
AU  - Scott, Carl D.
AU  - Del Papa, Steven V.
T1  - Arcjet Testing and Thermal Model Development for Multilayer Felt Reusable Surface Insulation.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/03//Mar/Apr2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 397
EP  - 411
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Felt reusable surface insulation was used extensively on leeward external surfaces of the shuttle Orbiter, where the material is reusable for temperatures up to 670 K. For application on leeward surfaces of the Orion multipurpose crew vehicle, where predicted temperatures reach 1620 K, the material functions as a pyrolyzing conformable ablator. An arcjet test series was conducted to assess the performance of multilayer felt reusable surface insulation at high temperatures, and a thermal-response, pyrolysis, and ablation model was developed. Model predictions compare favorably with the arcjet test data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - ORION (Spacecraft)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - PYROLYSIS
N1  - Accession Number: 95507998; Milos, Frank S. 1,2,3 Scott, Carl D. 4,5 Del Papa, Steven V. 6,7,8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: Aerospace Engineer, Thermal Protection Materials Branch, Mail Stop 234-1  3: Senior Member, AIAA  4: LZ Technology Inc., Houston, Texas 77058  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058  7: Aerospace Engineer, Thermal Design Branch, Mail Stop ES3  8: Member, AIAA; Source Info: Mar/Apr2014, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p397; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: ORION (Spacecraft); Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32460
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95507998&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rieffel, Eleanor G.
AU  - Wiseman, Howard M.
T1  - Discord in relation to resource states for measurement-based quantum computation.
JO  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 89
IS  - 3-A
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 10502947
AB  - We consider the issue of what should count as a resource for measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). While a state that supports universal quantum computation clearly should be considered a resource, universality should not be necessary given the existence of interesting, but less computationally powerful, classes of MBQCs. Here, we propose minimal criteria for a state to be considered a resource state for MBQC. Using these criteria, we explain why discord-free states cannot be resources for MBQC, contrary to recent claims [Hoban et al., arXiv:1304.2667v1]. Independently of our criteria, we also show that the arguments of Hoban et al., if correct, would imply that Shor's algorithm (for example) can be implemented by measuring discord-free states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM computing
KW  - QUANTUM entanglement
KW  - QUBITS
KW  - QUANTUM states
KW  - QUANTUM theory
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
N1  - Accession Number: 95642299; Rieffel, Eleanor G. 1 Wiseman, Howard M. 2; Affiliation:  1: QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology (Australian Research Council), Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 89 Issue 3-A, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM computing; Subject Term: QUANTUM entanglement; Subject Term: QUBITS; Subject Term: QUANTUM states; Subject Term: QUANTUM theory; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevA.89.032323
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95642299&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anyamba, Assaf
AU  - Small, Jennifer L.
AU  - Britch, Seth C.
AU  - Tucker, Compton J.
AU  - Pak, Edwin W.
AU  - Reynolds, Curt A.
AU  - Crutchfield, James
AU  - Linthicum, Kenneth J.
T1  - Recent Weather Extremes and Impacts on Agricultural Production and Vector-Borne Disease Outbreak Patterns.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - We document significant worldwide weather anomalies that affected agriculture and vector-borne disease outbreaks during the 2010–2012 period. We utilized 2000–2012 vegetation index and land surface temperature data from NASA's satellite-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to map the magnitude and extent of these anomalies for diverse regions including the continental United States, Russia, East Africa, Southern Africa, and Australia. We demonstrate that shifts in temperature and/or precipitation have significant impacts on vegetation patterns with attendant consequences for agriculture and public health. Weather extremes resulted in excessive rainfall and flooding as well as severe drought, which caused ∼10 to 80% variation in major agricultural commodity production (including wheat, corn, cotton, sorghum) and created exceptional conditions for extensive mosquito-borne disease outbreaks of dengue, Rift Valley fever, Murray Valley encephalitis, and West Nile virus disease. Analysis of MODIS data provided a standardized method for quantifying the extreme weather anomalies observed during this period. Assessments of land surface conditions from satellite-based systems such as MODIS can be a valuable tool in national, regional, and global weather impact determinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANIMALS as carriers of disease
KW  - AGRICULTURAL productivity
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - EPIDEMICS
KW  - WEATHER anomalies
KW  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
KW  - Agricultural production
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Animals
KW  - Arthropoda
KW  - Atmospheric science
KW  - Biogeography
KW  - Bioindicators
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Crops
KW  - Disease surveillance
KW  - Disease vectors
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Ecology and environmental sciences
KW  - Ecosystems
KW  - Environmental epidemiology
KW  - Environmental impacts
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Geography
KW  - Global health
KW  - Infectious diseases
KW  - Insects
KW  - Invertebrates
KW  - Medicine and health sciences
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - Mosquitoes
KW  - Organisms
KW  - Public and occupational health
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Terrestrial ecology
N1  - Accession Number: 95437440; Anyamba, Assaf 1,2; Email Address: assaf.anyamba@nasa.gov Small, Jennifer L. 1,3 Britch, Seth C. 4 Tucker, Compton J. 1 Pak, Edwin W. 1,3 Reynolds, Curt A. 1 Crutchfield, James 5 Linthicum, Kenneth J. 4; Affiliation:  1: 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States of America  2: 4 Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, United States of America  3: 5 Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Lanham, Maryland, United States of America  4: 2 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural, & Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America  5: 3 United States Department of Agriculture, Foreign Agricultural Service, International Production & Assessment Division, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: ANIMALS as carriers of disease; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: WEATHER anomalies; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Agricultural production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arthropoda; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biogeography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioindicators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crops; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disease surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disease vectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecology and environmental sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecosystems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Invertebrates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mosquitoes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial ecology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0092538
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95437440&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaynak, Y.
AU  - Tobe, H.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Jawahir, I.S.
T1  - The effects of machining on the microstructure and transformation behavior of NiTi Alloy.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2014/03//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 60
EP  - 63
SN  - 13596462
AB  - This study presents evidence of a machining-induced deformation layer in a NiTi shape memory alloy and the subsequent effect of this layer on the underlying transformation behavior of the material. Severe twinning-induced deformation was observed in the substrate of samples pre-cooled and machined by orthogonal cutting under cryogenic conditions, while (114)B2-type deformation twinning and significant dislocation activity was observed after dry machining of the NiTi. In addition, cryogenic machining resulted in a much deeper affected zone than machining under dry conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - MACHINING
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - Cryogenic machining
KW  - Machining-induced layer
KW  - NiTi
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Twinning deformation
N1  - Accession Number: 93270868; Kaynak, Y. 1,2; Email Address: yusuf.kaynak@marmara.edu.tr Tobe, H. 2 Noebe, R.D. 3 Karaca, H.E. 2 Jawahir, I.S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mechanics and Machine Elements Division, University of Marmara, Goztepe Campus, Kadikoy, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey  2: Institute for Sustainable Manufacturing (ISM) and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 74, p60; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: MACHINING; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic machining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Machining-induced layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Twinning deformation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2013.10.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=93270868&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
AU  - Elliott, Joshua
AU  - Deryng, Delphine
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Müller, Christoph
AU  - Arneth, Almut
AU  - Boote, Kenneth J.
AU  - Folberth, Christian
AU  - Glotter, Michael
AU  - Khabarov, Nikolay
AU  - Neumann, Kathleen
AU  - Piontek, Franziska
AU  - Pugh, Thomas A. M.
AU  - Schmid, Erwin
AU  - Stehfest, Elke
AU  - Hong Yang
AU  - Jones, James W.
T1  - Assessing agricultural risks of climate change in the 21st century in a global gridded crop model intercomparison.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2014/03/04/
VL  - 111
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3268
EP  - 3273
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Here we present the results from an intercomparison of multiple global gridded crop models (GGCMs) within the framework of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project and the Inter-Sectoral Impacts Model Intercomparison Project. Results indicate strong negative effects of climate change, especially at higher levels of warming and at low latitudes; models that include explicit nitrogen stress project more severe impacts. Across seven GGCMs, five global climate models, and four representative concentration pathways, model agreement on direction of yield changes is found in many major agricultural regions at both low and high latitudes; however, reducing uncertainty in sign of response in mid-latitude regions remains a challenge. Uncertainties related to the representation of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and high temperature effects demonstrated here show that further research is urgently needed to better understand effects of climate change on agricultural production and to devise targeted adaptation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - AGRICULTURE
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - AGRICULTURAL productivity
KW  - AgMIP
KW  - agriculture
KW  - climate impacts
KW  - food security
KW  - ISI-MIP
N1  - Accession Number: 94925870; Rosenzweig, Cynthia 1,2; Email Address: cynthia.rosenzweig@nasa.gov Elliott, Joshua 2,3 Deryng, Delphine 4 Ruane, Alex C. 1,2 Müller, Christoph 5 Arneth, Almut 6 Boote, Kenneth J. 7 Folberth, Christian 8 Glotter, Michael 9 Khabarov, Nikolay 10 Neumann, Kathleen 11,12 Piontek, Franziska 5 Pugh, Thomas A. M. 6 Schmid, Erwin 13 Stehfest, Elke 12 Hong Yang 8 Jones, James W. 7; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025  2: Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, NY 10025  3: University of Chicago Computation Institute, Chicago, IL 60637  4: Tyndall Centre and School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK  5: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany  6: Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany  7: Agricultural and Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611  8: EAWAG – Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland  9: Department of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637  10: Ecosystems Services and Management Program (ESM), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg A-2361, Austria  11: Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving (Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency), 3720 AH, Bilthoven, The Netherlands  12: Wageningen University, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands  13: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; Source Info: 3/4/2014, Vol. 111 Issue 9, p3268; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: AgMIP; Author-Supplied Keyword: agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: food security; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISI-MIP; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1222463110
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94925870&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, Hao
AU  - Brolly, Matthew
AU  - Zhao, Feng
AU  - Strahler, Alan H.
AU  - Schaaf, Crystal L.
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Zhang, Gong
AU  - Dubayah, Ralph
T1  - Deriving and validating Leaf Area Index (LAI) at multiple spatial scales through lidar remote sensing: A case study in Sierra National Forest, CA.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/03/05/
VL  - 143
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 141
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Abstract: Increasing the accuracy and spatial coverage of Leaf Area Index (LAI) values is an important part of any attempt to successfully model global atmosphere/biosphere interactions. It is further a fundamental parameter in land surface processes and Earth system climate models. Remote sensing methods offer an opportunity to improve on each of these requirements but are typically limited by the necessity for validation using labor intensive and sparsely collected in situ measurements. In this paper we present the results of an intercomparative study of ground-based, airborne and spaceborne retrievals of total LAI over the conifer-dominated forests of Sierra Nevada in California. The efficacy of LVIS (Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor) airborne waveform lidar LAI measurements (total and vertical profile) has previously been validated at the site specific level using destructive sampling. We also explore the efficacy of ground based measurements obtained from hemispherical photography, LAI-2000, and ground based lidar, acknowledging discrepancies existing between the systems and collected data. We highlight their use and role in validating the relationship between ground and airborne estimates of total LAI (LVIS LAI correlation with i) hemispherical photographs, r 2 =0.80, ii) LAI-2000, r 2 =0.85, and iii) terrestrial lidar, r 2 =0.76. The existence of such relationships offers immediate implications for LAI estimation where LVIS data is available, creating the potential to obtain, not only total LAI values but also corresponding vertical LAI distributions from a ground validated source previously unobtainable at this spatial scale. The ability to validate airborne lidar LAI data collected at different spatial scales to the available ground measurements allows further upscaled validation using global lidar datasets provided by spaceborne lidar, such as the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS). In the absence of adequate ground validation plots coincident with GLAS footprints, GLAS LAI validation is examined using geographically limited but spatially continuous LVIS data. Under favorable conditions, significantly the absence of slopes greater than ~20°, the comparison between LVIS and GLAS LAI values obtained using a recursive algorithm constrained by independently validated LAI limits exposes the capability of GLAS as an accurate standalone LAI sensor (r 2 =0.69, bias=−0.05 and RMSE=0.33). The correlation comparison between LVIS and GLAS LAI estimates not only significantly exceed those associated with equivalent space borne passive remote sensing datasets, such as MODIS (r 2 =0.20, bias=−0.16 and RMSE=0.67) but also offers significant advantages to future research including the prospective validation of regional and global LAI products and data comparison with ecosystem model inputs. The encountered effectiveness of these relationships allows the implementation of a scaling-up strategy where ground-based LAI observations are related to aircraft observations of LAI, which in turn are used to validate GLAS LAI derived from coincident data. Successful implementation of this strategy paves the way for the future recovery of vertical LAI profiles on a global scale and opens up the potential for fusion studies to incorporate widely available and spatially abundant passive optical datasets. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Statistics)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - CASE study (Research)
KW  - SIERRA National Forest (Calif.)
KW  - Echidna
KW  - GLAS
KW  - LAI
KW  - Lidar
KW  - LVIS
KW  - Sierra National Forest
N1  - Accession Number: 94409095; Tang, Hao 1 Brolly, Matthew 1 Zhao, Feng 1,2 Strahler, Alan H. 2 Schaaf, Crystal L. 2,3 Ganguly, Sangram 4,5 Zhang, Gong 4,5 Dubayah, Ralph 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, MD, United States  2: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, MA, United States  3: School for the Environment, University of Massachusetts Boston, MA, United States  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, West Sonoma, CA, United States  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 143, p131; Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: CASE study (Research); Subject Term: SIERRA National Forest (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Echidna; Author-Supplied Keyword: GLAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: LVIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sierra National Forest; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2013.12.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sakai, Nami
AU  - Sakai, Takeshi
AU  - Hirota, Tomoya
AU  - Watanabe, Yoshimasa
AU  - Ceccarelli, Cecilia
AU  - Kahane, Claudine
AU  - Bottinelli, Sandrine
AU  - Caux, Emmanuel
AU  - Demyk, Karine
AU  - Vastel, Charlotte
AU  - Coutens, Audrey
AU  - Taquet, Vianney
AU  - Ohashi, Nagayoshi
AU  - Takakuwa, Shigehisa
AU  - Yen, Hsi-Wei
AU  - Aikawa, Yuri
AU  - Yamamoto, Satoshi
T1  - Change in the chemical composition of infalling gas forming a disk around a protostar.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2014/03/06/
VL  - 507
IS  - 7490
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
EP  - 80
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - IRAS 04368+2557 is a solar-type (low-mass) protostar embedded in a protostellar core (L1527) in the Taurus molecular cloud, which is only 140 parsecs away from Earth, making it the closest large star-forming region. The protostellar envelope has a flattened shape with a diameter of a thousand astronomical units (1 au is the distance from Earth to the Sun), and is infalling and rotating. It also has a protostellar disk with a radius of 90 au (ref. 6), from which a planetary system is expected to form. The interstellar gas, mainly consisting of hydrogen molecules, undergoes a change in density of about three orders of magnitude as it collapses from the envelope into the disk, while being heated from 10 kelvin to over 100 kelvin in the mid-plane, but it has hitherto not been possible to explore changes in chemical composition associated with this collapse. Here we report that the unsaturated hydrocarbon molecule cyclic-C3H2 resides in the infalling rotating envelope, whereas sulphur monoxide (SO) is enhanced in the transition zone at the radius of the centrifugal barrier (100 ± 20 au), which is the radius at which the kinetic energy of the infalling gas is converted to rotational energy. Such a drastic change in chemistry at the centrifugal barrier was not anticipated, but is probably caused by the discontinuous infalling motion at the centrifugal barrier and local heating processes there. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOSTARS
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - TAURUS (Astrology)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS -- Analysis
KW  - CENTRIFUGAL pumps
KW  - HYDROGEN molecular ion clusters
N1  - Accession Number: 94800608; Sakai, Nami 1 Sakai, Takeshi 2 Hirota, Tomoya 3 Watanabe, Yoshimasa 1 Ceccarelli, Cecilia 4 Kahane, Claudine 4 Bottinelli, Sandrine 5 Caux, Emmanuel 5 Demyk, Karine 5 Vastel, Charlotte 5 Coutens, Audrey 6 Taquet, Vianney 7 Ohashi, Nagayoshi 8 Takakuwa, Shigehisa 9 Yen, Hsi-Wei 10 Aikawa, Yuri 11 Yamamoto, Satoshi 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Department of Communication Engineering and Informatics, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan  3: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan  4: Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble, BP 53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France  5: 1] Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (UPS-OMP), Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Toulouse, France [2] Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAP, 9 Avenue Colonel Roche, BP 44346, Toulouse 31028 Cedex 4, France  6: 1] Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, Copenhagen 2100 Østerbro, Denmark [2] Centre for Star and Planet Formation and Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5-7, Copenhagen 1350 K, Denmark  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Astrochemistry Laboratory, Mail Code 691, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  8: 1] Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, PO Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [2] Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 650 North A′ohoku Place, Hilo, Hawaii 96720, USA  9: Institute of Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan  10: 1] Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, PO Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [2] Institute of Astrophysics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan  11: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; Source Info: 3/6/2014, Vol. 507 Issue 7490, p78; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: TAURUS (Astrology); Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS -- Analysis; Subject Term: CENTRIFUGAL pumps; Subject Term: HYDROGEN molecular ion clusters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333910 Pump and compressor manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333911 Pump and Pumping Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature13000
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bo Jin
AU  - Taekyung Lim
AU  - Sanghyun Ju
AU  - Latypov, Marat I.
AU  - Dong-Hai Pi
AU  - Hyoung Seop Kim
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Jeong-Soo Lee
T1  - Investigation of thermal resistance and power consumption in Ga-doped indium oxide (In2O3) nanowire phase change random access memory.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2014/03/10/
VL  - 104
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - The resistance stability and thermal resistance of phase change memory devices using ~40 nm diameter Ga-doped In2O3 nanowires (Ga:In2O3 NW) with different Ga-doping concentrations have been investigated. The estimated resistance stability (R(t)/R0 ratio) improves with higher Ga concentration and is dependent on annealing temperature. The extracted thermal resistance (Rth) increases with higher Ga-concentration and thus the power consumption can be reduced by ~90% for the 11.5% Ga:In2O3 NW, compared to the 2.1% Ga:In2O3 NW. The excellent characteristics of Ga-doped In2O3 nanowire devices offer an avenue to develop low power and reliable phase change random access memory applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INDIUM oxide
KW  - THERMAL resistance
KW  - PHASE change memory
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - ELECTRIC power consumption
KW  - NANOWIRES -- Electric properties
N1  - Accession Number: 94958339; Bo Jin 1 Taekyung Lim 2 Sanghyun Ju 2 Latypov, Marat I. 3 Dong-Hai Pi 3 Hyoung Seop Kim 3 Meyyappan, M. 4; Email Address: m.meyyappan@nasa.gov Jeong-Soo Lee 1; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, South Korea  2: Department of Physics, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 443-760, South Korea  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 790-784, South Korea  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2014, Vol. 104 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: INDIUM oxide; Subject Term: THERMAL resistance; Subject Term: PHASE change memory; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power consumption; Subject Term: NANOWIRES -- Electric properties; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4868537
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amblard, A.
AU  - Riguccini, L.
AU  - Temi, P.
AU  - Im, S.
AU  - Fanelli, M.
AU  - Serra, P.
T1  - STAR FORMATION BIMODALITY IN EARLY-TYPE GALAXIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/10/
VL  - 783
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We compute the properties of a sample of 221 local, early-type galaxies with a spectral energy distribution (SED) modeling software, CIGALEMC. Concentrating on the star-forming (SF) activity and dust contents, we derive parameters such as the specific star formation rate (sSFR), the dust luminosity, dust mass, and temperature. In our sample, 52% is composed of elliptical (E) galaxies and 48% of lenticular (S0) galaxies. We find a larger proportion of S0 galaxies among galaxies with a large sSFR and large specific dust emission. The stronger activity of S0 galaxies is confirmed by larger dust masses. We investigate the relative proportion of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and SF galaxies in our sample using spectroscopic Sloan Digital Sky Survey data and near-infrared selection techniques, and find a larger proportion of AGN-dominated galaxies in the S0 sample than the E one. This could corroborate a scenario where blue galaxies evolve into red ellipticals by passing through an S0 AGN active period while quenching its star formation. Finally, we find a good agreement comparing our estimates with color indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELLIPTICAL galaxies
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 96338473; Amblard, A. 1,2 Riguccini, L. 1,2 Temi, P. 1 Im, S. 1,2 Fanelli, M. 1,2 Serra, P. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: BAER Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA  3: IAS, CNRS (UMR8617), Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, F-91400 Orsay, France; Source Info: 3/10/2014, Vol. 783 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ELLIPTICAL galaxies; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/135
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beichman, C.
AU  - Gelino, Christopher R.
AU  - Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
AU  - Cushing, Michael C.
AU  - Dodson-Robinson, Sally
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Morley, Caroline V.
AU  - Wright, E. L.
T1  - WISE Y DWARFS AS PROBES OF THE BROWN DWARF-EXOPLANET CONNECTION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/10/
VL  - 783
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have determined astrometric positions for 15 WISE-discovered late-type brown dwarfs (six T8-9 and nine Y dwarfs) using the Keck-II telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Hubble Space Telescope. Combining data from 8 to 20 epochs we derive parallactic and proper motions for these objects, which puts the majority within 15 pc. For ages greater than a few Gyr, as suggested from kinematic considerations, we find masses of 10-30 MJup based on standard models for the evolution of low-mass objects with a range of mass estimates for individual objects, depending on the model in question. Three of the coolest objects have effective temperatures ∼350 K and inferred masses of 10-15 MJup. Our parallactic distances confirm earlier photometric estimates and direct measurements and suggest that the number of objects with masses below about 15 MJup must be flat or declining, relative to higher mass objects. The masses of the coldest Y dwarfs may be similar to those inferred for recently imaged planet-mass companions to nearby young stars. Objects in this mass range, which appear to be rare in both the interstellar and protoplanetary environments, may both have formed via gravitational fragmentation—the brown dwarfs in interstellar clouds and companion objects in a protoplanetary disk. In both cases, however, the fact that objects in this mass range are relatively infrequent suggests that this mechanism must be inefficient in both environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 96338438; Beichman, C. 1,2,3 Gelino, Christopher R. 1,3 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy 1 Cushing, Michael C. 4; Email Address: chas@ipac.caltech.edu Dodson-Robinson, Sally 5 Marley, Mark S. 6 Morley, Caroline V. 7 Wright, E. L. 8; Affiliation:  1: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91107, USA  3: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, P.O. Box 951547, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2014, Vol. 783 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/68
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campante, T. L.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Lund, M. N.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Corsaro, E.
AU  - Handberg, R.
AU  - Miglio, A.
AU  - Arentoft, T.
AU  - Basu, S.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Davies, G. R.
AU  - Elsworth, Y. P.
AU  - Gilliland, R. L.
AU  - Karoff, C.
AU  - Kawaler, S. D.
AU  - Kjeldsen, H.
AU  - Lundkvist, M.
T1  - LIMITS ON SURFACE GRAVITIES OF KEPLER PLANET-CANDIDATE HOST STARS FROM NON-DETECTION OF SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/10/
VL  - 783
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a novel method for estimating lower-limit surface gravities (log g) of Kepler targets whose data do not allow the detection of solar-like oscillations. The method is tested using an ensemble of solar-type stars observed in the context of the Kepler Asteroseismic Science Consortium. We then proceed to estimate lower-limit log g for a cohort of Kepler solar-type planet-candidate host stars with no detected oscillations. Limits on fundamental stellar properties, as provided by this work, are likely to be useful in the characterization of the corresponding candidate planetary systems. Furthermore, an important byproduct of the current work is the confirmation that amplitudes of solar-like oscillations are suppressed in stars with increased levels of surface magnetic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 96338459; Campante, T. L. 1; Email Address: campante@bison.ph.bham.ac.uk Chaplin, W. J. 1 Lund, M. N. 2 Huber, D. 3,4 Hekker, S. 5,6 García, R. A. 7 Corsaro, E. 8,9 Handberg, R. 1 Miglio, A. 1 Arentoft, T. 2 Basu, S. 10 Bedding, T. R. 11 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 2 Davies, G. R. 1 Elsworth, Y. P. 1 Gilliland, R. L. 12 Karoff, C. 2 Kawaler, S. D. 13 Kjeldsen, H. 2 Lundkvist, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  2: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  5: Astronomical Institute, “Anton Pannekoek,” University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands  6: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  7: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS-Université Paris Diderot; IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  8: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium  9: INAF—Astrophysical Observatory of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, I-95123 Catania, Italy  10: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  11: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia  12: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  13: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2014, Vol. 783 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/123
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roser, J. E.
AU  - Ricca, A.
AU  - Allamandola, L. J.
T1  - ANTHRACENE CLUSTERS AND THE INTERSTELLAR INFRARED EMISSION FEATURES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/10/
VL  - 783
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The unidentified infrared bands are ubiquitous in the interstellar medium and typically attributed to emission from neutral and ionized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (or PAHs). The contribution of neutral PAH clusters to these bands has been impossible to determine due to a paucity of infrared spectral data. Here we investigated neutral clusters of the three-ring PAH anthracene using FTIR absorption spectroscopy of anthracene matrix-isolated at varying concentrations in solid argon. In order to determine likely cluster structures of the embedded molecules, we also calculated theoretical absorption spectra for the anthracene monomer through hexamer using density functional theory with a dispersion correction (DFT-D). The DFT-D calculations have been calibrated for the anthracene dimer using the second-order Møller-Plesset approach. Because there is some support for the hypothesis that three or four-ring PAHs are present in the Red Rectangle nebula, we discuss the application of our results to this nebula in particular as well as to the interstellar infrared emission in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
N1  - Accession Number: 96338431; Roser, J. E. 1,2; Email Address: Joseph.E.Roser@nasa.gov Ricca, A. 2 Allamandola, L. J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Building N245, Room 148, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2014, Vol. 783 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/783/2/97
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Saghaian, S.M.
AU  - Tobe, H.
AU  - Acar, E.
AU  - Basaran, B.
AU  - Nagasako, M.
AU  - Kainuma, R.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Diffusionless phase transformation characteristics of Mn75.7Pt24.3.
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2014/03/15/
VL  - 589
M3  - Article
SP  - 412
EP  - 415
SN  - 09258388
AB  - Highlights: [•] Mn75.7Pt24.3 exhibits phase transformation in the temperature range of 180–200°C. [•] Both the high and low temperature phases have face-centered cubic structures. [•] Alloy possesses high damping capacity during phase transformation. [•] Mn75.7Pt24.3 has transformation strain of 0.5% with a volume change of 1.5%. [•] Mn75.7Pt24.3 is a promising candidate for high temperature actuator applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - MANGANESE alloys
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
KW  - DAMPING capacity
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Damping
KW  - MnPt
KW  - Phase transformations
KW  - X-ray diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 94154976; Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Saghaian, S.M. 1 Tobe, H. 1 Acar, E. 1 Basaran, B. 1,2 Nagasako, M. 3 Kainuma, R. 3 Noebe, R.D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington KY 40506, USA  2: University of Turkish Aeronautical Association, Etimesgut, Ankara, Turkey  3: Department of Material Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan  4: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 589, p412; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: MANGANESE alloys; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; Subject Term: DAMPING capacity; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: MnPt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformations; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.11.174
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - García-Ricard, Omar J.
AU  - Arévalo-Hidalgo, Ana G.
AU  - Yu, Moxin
AU  - Almodóvar-Arbelo, Noelia E.
AU  - Varghese, Mini
AU  - Mulloth, Lila
AU  - Luna, Bernadette
AU  - Hernández-Maldonado, Arturo J.
T1  - Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Light Gas Mixtures using a Porous Strontium(II) Silicoaluminophosphate Fixed Bed: Closed Volume and Portable Applications.
JO  - Separation Science & Technology
JF  - Separation Science & Technology
Y1  - 2014/03/15/
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 490
EP  - 498
SN  - 01496395
AB  - ASr2+-SAPO-34 bed was assembled to studyCO2dynamic adsorption under conditions that emulate those found in closed volume and portable applications. Although the surface area was reduced by 7% during pelletization, adsorption capacities estimated from breakthrough curves compared well with static volumetric adsorption data. Modeling of the breakthrough adsorption was achieved using a Linear Driving Force mass transfer rate model, showing good agreement with the experimental data and confirming fast kinetics and efficient use of the bed. Fast kinetics were also evidenced by the length of the unused section of the bed as calculated from a Mass Transfer Zone model. Adsorption capacity degradation was not observed after multiple regeneration cycles. Apparent and equilibrium adsorption isotherm data estimated from the bed and static volumetric experiments at25°Cwere compared to that of 5A Zeolite. These showed thatSr2+-SAPO-34 is a superior adsorbent forCO2removal in the low partial pressure range (<1500 ppm).CO2andH2Omulticomponent adsorption breakthrough curves were also gathered for aCO2inlet concentration of 1000 ppm and dew points of −5 and8°C. The addition of moisture resulted in a decrease in total processed gas volume by 31 and 47%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Separation Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - GAS mixtures
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - STRONTIUM ions
KW  - ALUMINOPHOSPHATES
KW  - FIXED bed reactors
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - adsorption
KW  - atmospheric revitalization
KW  - carbon dioxide
KW  - packed bed
KW  - separations
KW  - silicoaluminophosphate
N1  - Accession Number: 94573983; García-Ricard, Omar J. 1 Arévalo-Hidalgo, Ana G. 1 Yu, Moxin 1 Almodóvar-Arbelo, Noelia E. 1 Varghese, Mini 2 Mulloth, Lila 3 Luna, Bernadette 4 Hernández-Maldonado, Arturo J. 1; Email Address: arturoj.hernandez@upr.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Puerto Rico-Mayagüez Campus Mayagüez, Puerto Rico  2: Wyle IS&E Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA  3: Science Applications International Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p490; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: GAS mixtures; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: STRONTIUM ions; Subject Term: ALUMINOPHOSPHATES; Subject Term: FIXED bed reactors; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: adsorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric revitalization; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: packed bed; Author-Supplied Keyword: separations; Author-Supplied Keyword: silicoaluminophosphate; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01496395.2013.862279
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94573983&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Darr, Samuel
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
T1  - Optimal liquid acquisition device screen weave for a liquid hydrogen fuel depot.
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2014/03/18/
VL  - 39
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4356
EP  - 4366
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents the rationale for choosing the optimal screen type for a fully robust screen channel liquid acquisition device (LAD) to be implemented into future in-space liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel depots. Typical Dutch Twill, Plain Dutch, Twilled Square, and Plain Square weaves are initially considered for comparison. From the set of influential performance parameters from Hartwig and Darr [1], bubble point pressure and flow-through-screen (FTS) pressure drop are combined to define a critical mass flux used to make general comparisons between screens. Based off the minimum bubble point pressure to maintain adequate phase separation against adverse depot acceleration levels, the five finest Dutch Twill screens are down selected for the depot. Along with secondary parameters such as wicking rate and screen compliance, a minimum screen area is defined to select the optimal mesh. Results here indicate that the 450 × 2750 Dutch Twill mesh may be the optimal screen weave for a future LH2 fuel depot. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - HYDROGEN as fuel
KW  - CRITICAL mass (Nuclear physics)
KW  - PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - PHASE separation
KW  - WEAVING -- Patterns
KW  - Cryogenic fluid management
KW  - Liquid acquisition device
KW  - Liquid hydrogen fuel depot
KW  - Porous screen
N1  - Accession Number: 94788205; Darr, Samuel 1 Hartwig, Jason 2; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Florida, 32611, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 39 Issue 9, p4356; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: HYDROGEN as fuel; Subject Term: CRITICAL mass (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: PHASE separation; Subject Term: WEAVING -- Patterns; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic fluid management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition device; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen fuel depot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous screen; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.01.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bowler, Brendan P.
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Kraus, Adam L.
AU  - Mann, Andrew W.
T1  - SPECTROSCOPIC CONFIRMATION OF YOUNG PLANETARY-MASS COMPANIONS ON WIDE ORBITS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/20/
VL  - 784
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present moderate-resolution (R ∼ 4000-5000) near-infrared integral field spectroscopy of the young (1-5 Myr) 6-14 MJup companions ROXs 42B b and FW Tau b obtained with Keck/OSIRIS and Gemini-North/NIFS. The spectrum of ROXs 42B b exhibits clear signs of low surface gravity common to young L dwarfs, confirming its extreme youth, cool temperature, and low mass. Overall, it closely resembles the free-floating 4-7 MJup L-type Taurus member 2MASS J04373705+2331080. The companion to FW Tau AB is more enigmatic. Our optical and near-infrared spectra show strong evidence of outflow activity and disk accretion in the form of line emission from [S II], [O I], Hα, Ca II, [Fe II], Paβ, and H2. The molecular hydrogen emission is spatially resolved as a single lobe that stretches ≈0.″1 (15 AU). Although the extended emission is not kinematically resolved in our data, its morphology resembles shock-excited H2 jets primarily seen in young Class 0 and Class I sources. The near-infrared continuum of FW Tau b is mostly flat and lacks the deep absorption features expected for a cool, late-type object. This may be a result of accretion-induced veiling, especially in light of its strong and sustained Hα emission (EW(Hα) ≳ 290 Å). Alternatively, FW Tau b may be a slightly warmer (M5-M8) accreting low-mass star or brown dwarf (0.03-0.15 M☼) with an edge-on disk. Regardless, its young evolutionary stage is in stark contrast to its Class III host FW Tau AB, indicating a more rapid disk clearing timescale for the host binary system than for its wide companion. Finally, we present near-infrared spectra of the young (∼2-10 Myr) low-mass (12-15 MJup) companions GSC 6214-210 B and SR 12 C and find they best resemble low-gravity M9.5 and M9 substellar templates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
N1  - Accession Number: 99084445; Bowler, Brendan P. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: bpbowler@caltech.edu Liu, Michael C. 2 Kraus, Adam L. 5 Mann, Andrew W. 2,5,6; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  4: Caltech Joint Center for Planetary Astronomy Fellow.  5: Astronomy Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.  6: Harlan J. Smith Fellow.; Source Info: 3/20/2014, Vol. 784 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/65
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Jontof-Hutter, Daniel
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Carter, Joshua A.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald L.
AU  - Kolbl, Rea
AU  - Star, Kimberly M.
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
T1  - VALIDATION OF KEPLER'S MULTIPLE PLANET CANDIDATES. II. REFINED STATISTICAL FRAMEWORK AND DESCRIPTIONS OF SYSTEMS OF SPECIAL INTEREST.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/20/
VL  - 784
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We extend the statistical analysis performed by Lissauer et al. in 2012, which demonstrates that the overwhelming majority of Kepler candidate multiple transiting systems (multis) represents true transiting planets, and we develop therefrom a procedure to validate large numbers of planet candidates in multis as bona fide exoplanets. We show that this statistical framework correctly estimates the abundance of false positives already identified around Kepler targets with multiple sets of transit-like signatures based on their abundance around targets with single sets of transit-like signatures. We estimate the number of multis that represent split systems of one or more planets orbiting each component of a binary star system. We use the high reliability rate for multis to validate more than one dozen particularly interesting multi-planet systems herein. Hundreds of additional multi-planet systems are validated in a companion paper by Rowe et al. We note that few very short period (P < 1.6 days) planets orbit within multiple transiting planet systems and discuss possible reasons for their absence. There also appears to be a shortage of planets with periods exceeding a few months in multis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - LIGHT curves
N1  - Accession Number: 99084401; Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Email Address: Jack.Lissauer@nasa.gov Marcy, Geoffrey W. 2 Bryson, Stephen T. 1 Rowe, Jason F. 1,3 Jontof-Hutter, Daniel 1 Agol, Eric 4 Borucki, William J. 1 Carter, Joshua A. 5 Ford, Eric B. 6,7 Gilliland, Ronald L. 6,7 Kolbl, Rea 2 Star, Kimberly M. 6,7 Steffen, Jason H. 8 Torres, Guillermo 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  7: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  8: Department of Physics & Astronomy/CIERA, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2014, Vol. 784 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/44
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lupu, R. E.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Schaefer, Laura
AU  - Fegley, Bruce
AU  - Morley, Caroline
AU  - Cahoy, Kerri
AU  - Freedman, Richard
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
T1  - THE ATMOSPHERES OF EARTHLIKE PLANETS AFTER GIANT IMPACT EVENTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/20/
VL  - 784
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - It is now understood that the accretion of terrestrial planets naturally involves giant collisions, the moon-forming impact being a well-known example. In the aftermath of such collisions, the surface of the surviving planet is very hot and potentially detectable. Here we explore the atmospheric chemistry, photochemistry, and spectral signatures of post-giant-impact terrestrial planets enveloped by thick atmospheres consisting predominantly of CO2 and H2O. The atmospheric chemistry and structure are computed self-consistently for atmospheres in equilibrium with hot surfaces with composition reflecting either the bulk silicate Earth (which includes the crust, mantle, atmosphere, and oceans) or Earth's continental crust. We account for all major molecular and atomic opacity sources including collision-induced absorption. We find that these atmospheres are dominated by H2O and CO2, while the formation of CH4 and NH3 is quenched because of short dynamical timescales. Other important constituents are HF, HCl, NaCl, and SO2. These are apparent in the emerging spectra and can be indicative that an impact has occurred. The use of comprehensive opacities results in spectra that are a factor of two lower brightness temperature in the spectral windows than predicted by previous models. The estimated luminosities show that the hottest post-giant-impact planets will be detectable with near-infrared coronagraphs on the planned 30 m class telescopes. The 1-4 μm will be most favorable for such detections, offering bright features and better contrast between the planet and a potential debris disk. We derive cooling timescales on the order of 105-6 yr on the basis of the modeled effective temperatures. This leads to the possibility of discovering tens of such planets in future surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
N1  - Accession Number: 99084383; Lupu, R. E. 1; Email Address: Roxana.E.Lupu@nasa.gov Zahnle, Kevin 2 Marley, Mark S. 2 Schaefer, Laura 3 Fegley, Bruce 4 Morley, Caroline 5 Cahoy, Kerri 6 Freedman, Richard 1 Fortney, Jonathan J. 5; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Harvard/Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Planetary Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  5: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2014, Vol. 784 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/27
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rappaport, Saul
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - DeVore, John
AU  - Rowe, Jason
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto
AU  - Still, Martin
T1  - KOI-2700b—A PLANET CANDIDATE WITH DUSTY EFFLUENTS ON A 22 hr ORBIT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/20/
VL  - 784
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Kepler planet candidate KOI-2700b (KIC 8639908b), with an orbital period of 21.84 hr, exhibits a distinctly asymmetric transit profile, likely indicative of the emission of dusty effluents, and reminiscent of KIC 1255b. The host star has Teff = 4435 K, M ≃ 0.63 M☼, and R ≃ 0.57 R☼, comparable to the parameters ascribed to KIC 12557548. The transit egress can be followed for ∼25% of the orbital period and, if interpreted as extinction from a dusty comet-like tail, indicates a long lifetime for the dust grains of more than a day. We present a semiphysical model for the dust tail attenuation and fit for the physical parameters contained in that expression. The transit is not sufficiently deep to allow for a study of the transit-to-transit variations, as is the case for KIC 1255b; however, it is clear that the transit depth is slowly monotonically decreasing by a factor of ∼2 over the duration of the Kepler mission. We infer a mass-loss rate in dust from the planet of ∼2 lunar masses per Gyr. The existence of a second star hosting a planet with a dusty comet-like tail would help to show that such objects may be more common and less exotic than originally thought. According to current models, only quite small planets with Mp ≲ 0.03 M⊕ are likely to release a detectable quantity of dust. Thus, any “normal-looking” transit that is inferred to arise from a rocky planet of radius greater than ∼1/2 R⊕ should not exhibit any hint of a dusty tail. Conversely, if one detects an asymmetric transit due to a dusty tail, then it will be very difficult to detect the hard body of the planet within the transit because, by necessity, the planet must be quite small (i.e., ≲ 0.3 R⊕). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Surfaces
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 99084389; Rappaport, Saul 1; Email Address: rsanchis86@gmail.com Barclay, Thomas 2; Email Address: thomas.barclay@nasa.gov DeVore, John 3; Email Address: devore@visidyne.com Rowe, Jason 4,5; Email Address: jasonfrowe@gmail.com Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto 1 Still, Martin 2; Email Address: martin.d.still@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: BAER Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  3: Visidyne, Inc., 111 South Bedford St., Suite 103, Burlington, MA 01803, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100 Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2014, Vol. 784 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Surfaces; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/40
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Marcy, Geoffrey W.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Jontof-Hutter, Daniel
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald L.
AU  - Issacson, Howard
AU  - Ford, Eric
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Haas, Michael
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Thompson, Susan E.
AU  - Quintana, Elisa
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan
AU  - Gautier, III T. N.
T1  - VALIDATION OF KEPLER'S MULTIPLE PLANET CANDIDATES. III. LIGHT CURVE ANALYSIS AND ANNOUNCEMENT OF HUNDREDS OF NEW MULTI-PLANET SYSTEMS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/03/20/
VL  - 784
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Kepler mission has discovered more than 2500 exoplanet candidates in the first two years of spacecraft data, with approximately 40% of those in candidate multi-planet systems. The high rate of multiplicity combined with the low rate of identified false positives indicates that the multiplanet systems contain very few false positive signals due to other systems not gravitationally bound to the target star. False positives in the multi-planet systems are identified and removed, leaving behind a residual population of candidate multi-planet transiting systems expected to have a false positive rate less than 1%. We present a sample of 340 planetary systems that contain 851 planets that are validated to substantially better than the 99% confidence level; the vast majority of these have not been previously verified as planets. We expect ∼two unidentified false positives making our sample of planet very reliable. We present fundamental planetary properties of our sample based on a comprehensive analysis of Kepler light curves, ground-based spectroscopy, and high-resolution imaging. Since we do not require spectroscopy or high-resolution imaging for validation, some of our derived parameters for a planetary system may be systematically incorrect due to dilution from light due to additional stars in the photometric aperture. Nonetheless, our result nearly doubles the number verified exoplanets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETS
N1  - Accession Number: 99084431; Rowe, Jason F. 1,2; Email Address: Jason.Rowe@nasa.gov Bryson, Stephen T. 1 Marcy, Geoffrey W. 3 Lissauer, Jack J. 1 Jontof-Hutter, Daniel 1,4 Mullally, Fergal 1,2 Gilliland, Ronald L. 5 Issacson, Howard 3 Ford, Eric 6 Howell, Steve B. 1 Borucki, William J. 1 Haas, Michael 1 Huber, Daniel 1,5 Steffen, Jason H. 7,8 Thompson, Susan E. 1,2 Quintana, Elisa 1,2 Barclay, Thomas 1,9 Still, Martin 1,9 Fortney, Jonathan 10 Gautier, III T. N. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: NASA Postdoctoral Program.  5: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  6: Pennsylvania State University, PA 16801, USA  7: Northwestern University, Department of Physics & Astronomy/CIERA, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  8: Lindheimer Fellow.  9: Bay Area Environmental Research Inst., 596 1st Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  10: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2014, Vol. 784 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/784/1/45
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Highly accurate potential energy surface, dipole moment surface, rovibrational energy levels, and infrared line list for 32S16O2 up to 8000 cm-1.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2014/03/21/
VL  - 140
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 114311-1
EP  - 114311-17
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A purely ab initio potential energy surface (PES) was refined with selected 32S16O2 HITRAN data. Compared to HITRAN, the root-mean-squares error (σRMS) for all J = 0-80 rovibrational energy levels computed on the refined PES (denoted Ames-1) is 0.013 cm-1. Combined with a CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z dipole moment surface (DMS), an infrared (IR) line list (denoted Ames-296K) has been computed at 296 K and covers up to 8000 cm-1. Compared to the HITRAN and CDMS databases, the intensity agreement for most vibrational bands is better than 85%- 90%. Our predictions for 34S16O2 band origins, higher energy 32S16O2 band origins and missing 32S16O2 IR bands have been verified by most recent experiments and available HITRAN data. We conclude that the Ames-1 PES is able to predict 32/34S16O2 band origins below 5500 cm-1 with 0.01-0.03 cm-1 uncertainties, and the Ames-296K line list provides continuous, reliable and accurate IR simulations. The Ka-dependence of both line position and line intensity errors is discussed. The line list will greatly facilitate SO2 IR spectral experimental analysis, as well as elimination of SO2 lines in high-resolution astronomical observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 95058109; Xinchuan Huang 1; Email Address: Xinchuan.Huang-1@nasa.gov Schwenke, David W. 2; Email Address: David.W.Schwenke@nasa.gov Lee, Timothy J. 3; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite #100, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  2: MS T27B-1, NAS Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: MS 245-1, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 3/21/2014, Vol. 140 Issue 11, p114311-1; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4868327
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95058109&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Alperin, Marc J.
T1  - Biogeochemistry: Methane minimalism.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2014/03/27/
VL  - 507
IS  - 7493
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 437
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - The article discusses the meta-analysis of methane emissions at the ecosystem level which reveals exponential dependence on temperature. Topics discussed include the rise in the atmospheric concentration of Methane by 0.4 percent, origination of methane emissions with microorganisms called methanogens, and increase of Methane production with temperature.
KW  - METHANE
KW  - ECOSYSTEMS
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - BIOGAS
N1  - Accession Number: 97424704; Hoehler, Tori M. 1 Alperin, Marc J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.  2: Department of Marine Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3300, USA.; Source Info: 3/27/2014, Vol. 507 Issue 7493, p436; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEMS; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: BIOGAS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature13215
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97424704&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rojdev, Kristina
AU  - O’Rourke, Mary Jane E
AU  - Hill, Charles
AU  - Nutt, Steven
AU  - Atwell, William
T1  - Radiation effects on composites for long-duration lunar habitats.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2014/03/30/
VL  - 48
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 861
EP  - 878
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Fiber-reinforced composites are of great interest to NASA for deep-space habitation missions due to the specific strength, modulus and potential radiation shielding properties. However, the durability of these materials on long-duration missions has not been evaluated. Few studies have been conducted on the radiation effects of fiber-reinforced composites in space and even fewer have been conducted with high-energy protons, which replicate portions of the deep-space radiation environment. Furthermore, previous studies of carbon fiber-reinforced composites focused on pure epoxy composites, and aerospace composites in use today include toughening agents to increase the toughness of the material. These toughening agents are typically either rubber particles or thermoplastics, known to be susceptible to ionizing radiation, and could affect the overall composite durability when exposed to high-energy protons. Thus, NASA has undertaken a study to understand the long-term radiation effects on one such potential composite for use in deep-space habitats (boron fiber, carbon fiber and semi-toughened epoxy). Samples were irradiated with 200 MeV protons in air to different doses and evaluated via tensile tests, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed evidence of a weakened matrix due to scission effects and interfacial failure as a result of resin debonding from the boron fibers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - RADIATION -- Physiological effect
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Fracture
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SCISSION (Chemistry)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - SAFETY measures
KW  - aging
KW  - Composite
KW  - deep space
KW  - lunar habitat
KW  - proton radiation
KW  - scission
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 101787205; Rojdev, Kristina 1 O’Rourke, Mary Jane E 2 Hill, Charles 2 Nutt, Steven 3 Atwell, William 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA, University of Southern California, Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA kristina.rojdev-1@nasa.gov rojdev@usc.edu  2: NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA  3: University of Southern California, Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Los Angeles, CA, USA  4: The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA, USA; Source Info: Mar2014, Vol. 48 Issue 7, p861; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Fracture; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SCISSION (Chemistry); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: SAFETY measures; Author-Supplied Keyword: aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: deep space; Author-Supplied Keyword: lunar habitat; Author-Supplied Keyword: proton radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: scission; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7393
L3  - 10.1177/0021998313479416
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101787205&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mayer, Christian S. J.
AU  - Fasel, Hermann F.
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
T1  - Transition Onset Predictions for Oblique Breakdown in a Mach 3 Boundary Layer.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 882
EP  - 886
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article presents a study on validating engineering predictions of receptivity and the linear and nonlinear amplification stages during transition due to oblique breakdown in a two-dimensional supersonic boundary layer. Topics discussed include the oblique breakdown process in a Mach 3 boundary layer, parabolized stability equation approach, and the receptivity behavior of the laminar Mach 3 boundary layer.
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AMPLIFICATION (Physics)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - LAMINAR boundary layer
KW  - MACH'S principle
N1  - Accession Number: 95474086; Mayer, Christian S. J. 1 Fasel, Hermann F. 1 Choudhari, Meelan 2 Chau-Lyan Chang 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p882; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AMPLIFICATION (Physics); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: LAMINAR boundary layer; Subject Term: MACH'S principle; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J051966
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95474086&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beck, P. G.
AU  - Hambleton, K.
AU  - Vos, J.
AU  - Kallinger, T.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Tkachenko, A.
AU  - García, R. A.
AU  - Østensen, R. H.
AU  - Aerts, C.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - DeRidder, J.
AU  - Hekker, S.
AU  - Pavlovski, K.
AU  - Mathur, S.
AU  - DeSmedt, K.
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Corsaro, E.
AU  - Mosser, B.
AU  - VanWinckel, H.
AU  - Huber, D.
T1  - Pulsating red giant stars in eccentric binary systems discovered from Kepler space-based photometry.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 564
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The unparalleled photometric data obtained by NASA's Kepler Space Telescope has led to improved understanding of red giant stars and binary stars. Seismology allows us to constrain the properties of red giants. In addition to eclipsing binaries, eccentric non-eclipsing binaries that exhibit ellipsoidal modulations have been detected with Kepler. Aims. We aim to study the properties of eccentric binary systems containing a red giant star and to derive the parameters of the primary giant component. Methods. We applied asteroseismic techniques to determine the masses and radii of the primary component of each system. For a selected target, light and radial velocity curve modelling techniques were applied to extract the parameters of the system and its primary component. Stellar evolution and its effects on the evolution of the binary system were studied from theoretical models. Results. The paper presents the asteroseismic analysis of 18 pulsating red giants in eccentric binary systems, for which masses and radii were constrained. The orbital periods of these systems range from 20 to 440 days. The results of our ongoing radial velocity monitoring programme with the Hermes spectrograph reveal an eccentricity range of e = 0.2 to 0.76. As a case study we present a detailed analysis of KIC 5006817, whose rich oscillation spectrum allows for detailed seismic analysis. From seismology we constrain the rotational period of the envelope to be at least 165 d, which is roughly twice the orbital period. The stellar core rotates 13 times faster than the surface. From the spectrum and radial velocities we expect that the Doppler beaming signal should have a maximum amplitude of 300 ppm in the light curve. Fixing the mass and radius to the asteroseismically determined values, we find from our binary modelling a value of the gravity darkening exponent that is significantly larger than expected. Through binary modelling, we determine the mass of the secondary component to be 0.29 ± 0.03 M☉. Conclusions. For KIC5006817 we exclude pseudo-synchronous rotation of the red giant with the orbit. The comparison of the results from seismology and modelling of the light curve shows a possible alignment of the rotational and orbital axis at the 2σ level. Red giant eccentric systems could be progenitors of cataclysmic variables and hot subdwarf B stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXOTIC atoms
KW  - GIANT stars
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - asteroseismology
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - stars: individual: KIC5006817
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars: solar-type
KW  - Sun: oscillations
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 95739224; Beck, P. G. 1; Email Address: paul.beck@ster.kuleuven.be Hambleton, K. 1,2 Vos, J. 1 Kallinger, T. 3 Bloemen, S. 1 Tkachenko, A. 1 García, R. A. 4 Østensen, R. H. 1 Aerts, C. 1,5 Kurtz, D. W. 2 DeRidder, J. 1 Hekker, S. 6 Pavlovski, K. 7 Mathur, S. 8 DeSmedt, K. 1 Derekas, A. 9 Corsaro, E. 1 Mosser, B. 10 VanWinckel, H. 1 Huber, D. 11; Affiliation:  1: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  2: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK  3: Institut für Astronomie der Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstr. 17, 1180 Wien, Austria  4: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM-CNRS - Université Denis Diderot-IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  5: Department of Astrophysics, IMAPP, University of Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands  6: Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  7: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia  8: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut street Suite #205, Boulder CO 80301, USA  9: Konkoly Observ., Research Centre f. Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1121 Budapest, Hungary  10: LESIA, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, Observatoire de Paris, 92195 Meudon Cedex, France  11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 564, p1; Subject Term: EXOTIC atoms; Subject Term: GIANT stars; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC5006817; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: solar-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun: oscillations; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201322477
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95739224&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deleuil, M.
AU  - Almenara, J.-M.
AU  - Santerne, A.
AU  - Barros, S. C. C.
AU  - Havel, M.
AU  - Hébrard, G.
AU  - Bonomo, A. S.
AU  - Bouchy, F.
AU  - Bruno, G.
AU  - Damiani, C.
AU  - Díaz, R. F.
AU  - Montagnier, G.
AU  - Moutou, C.
T1  - SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XI. Kepler-412 system: probing the properties of a new inflated hot Jupiter.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 564
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Hot Jupiters are still a fascinating exoplanet population that presents a diversity we are still far from understanding. High-precision photometric observations combined with radial velocity measurements give us a unique opportunity to constrain their properties better, on both their internal structure and their atmospheric bulk properties. Aims. We initiated a follow-up program of Kepler-released planet candidates with the goal of confirming the planetary nature of a number of them through radial velocity measurements. For those that successfully passed the radial velocity screening, we furthermore performed a detailed exploration of their properties to characterize the systems. As a byproduct, these systematic observations allow us to consolidate the exoplanets' occurrence rate. Methods. We performed a complete analysis of the Kepler-412 system, listed as planet candidate KOI-202 in the Kepler catalog, by combining the Kepler observations from Q1 to Q15, to ground-based spectroscopic observations that allowed us to derive radial velocity measurements, together with the host-star parameters and properties. We also analyzed the light curve to derive the star's rotation period and the phase function of the planet, including the secondary eclipse. Results. We secured the planetary nature of Kepler-412b. We found the planet has a mass of 0.939 ± 0.085 MJup and a radius of 1.325 ± 0.043 RJup, which makes it a member of the bloated giant subgroup. It orbits its G3 V host star in 1.72 days. The system has an isochronal age of 5.1 Gyr, consistent with its moderate stellar activity as observed in the Kepler light curve and the rotation of the star of 17.2 ± 1.6 days. From the detected secondary we derived the day-side temperature as a function of the geometric albedo. We estimated that the geometrical albedo Ag should be between 0.094 ± 0.015 and 0.013 +0.017-0.013 and the brightness of the day side 2380± 40 K. The measured night-side flux corresponds to a night-side brightness temperature of 2154± 83 K, much greater than what is expected for a planet with homogeneous heat redistribution. From the comparison to star and planet evolution models, we found that dissipation should operate in the deep interior of the planet. This modeling also shows that despite its inflated radius, the planet presents a noticeable amount of heavy elements, which accounts for a mass fraction of 0.11 ± 0.04. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOT Jupiters
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - techniques: radial velocities
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 95739275; Deleuil, M. 1; Email Address: magali.deleuil@lam.fr Almenara, J.-M. 1 Santerne, A. 1,2 Barros, S. C. C. 1 Havel, M. 3 Hébrard, G. 4,5 Bonomo, A. S. 6 Bouchy, F. 1 Bruno, G. 1 Damiani, C. 1 Díaz, R. F. 1 Montagnier, G. 4,5 Moutou, C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France  2: Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA  4: Observatoire de Haute-Provence, 04670 Saint-Michel-l'Observatoire, France  5: Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France  6: INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 564, p1; Subject Term: HOT Jupiters; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: radial velocities; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201323017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95739275&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hamaguchi, Kenji
AU  - Corcoran, Michael F.
AU  - Russell, Christopher M. P.
AU  - Pollock, A. M. T.
AU  - Gull, Theodore R.
AU  - Teodoro, Mairan
AU  - Madura, Thomas I.
AU  - Damineli, Augusto
AU  - Pittard, Julian M.
T1  - X-RAY EMISSION FROM ETA CARINAE NEAR PERIASTRON IN 2009. I. A TWO-STATE SOLUTION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/04//4/ 1/2014
VL  - 784
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 130
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - X-ray emission from the supermassive binary system η Car declines sharply around periastron. This X-ray minimum has two distinct phases—the lowest flux phase in the first ∼3 weeks and a brighter phase thereafter. In 2009, the ChandraX-ray Observatory monitored the first phase five times and found the lowest observed flux at ∼1.9 × 10–12 erg cm–2 s–1 (3-8 keV). The spectral shape changed such that the hard band above ∼4 keV dropped quickly at the beginning and the soft band flux gradually decreased to its lowest observed value in ∼2 weeks. The hard band spectrum had begun to recover by that time. This spectral variation suggests that the shocked gas producing the hottest X-ray gas near the apex of the wind-wind collision (WWC) is blocked behind the dense inner wind of the primary star, which later occults slightly cooler gas downstream. Shocked gas previously produced by the system at earlier orbital phases is suggested to produce the faint residual X-ray emission seen when the emission near the apex is completely blocked by the primary wind. The brighter phase is probably caused by the re-appearance of the WWC plasma, whose emissivity significantly declined during the occultation. We interpret this to mean that the X-ray minimum is produced by a hybrid mechanism of an occultation and a decline in the emissivity of the WWC shock. We constrain timings of superior conjunction and periastron based on these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERMASSIVE stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - X-ray emission spectroscopy
KW  - EMISSIVITY
N1  - Accession Number: 94977379; Hamaguchi, Kenji 1,2,3 Corcoran, Michael F. 1,4 Russell, Christopher M. P. 5 Pollock, A. M. T. 6 Gull, Theodore R. 7 Teodoro, Mairan 7,8 Madura, Thomas I. 7,9 Damineli, Augusto 10 Pittard, Julian M. 11; Affiliation:  1: CRESST and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  3: Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed: Kenji.Hamaguchi@nasa.gov  4: Universities Space Research Association, 7187 Columbia Gateway Drive, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  5: Faculty of Engineering, Hokkai-Gakuen University, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8605, Japan  6: European Space Agency, Apartado 78, Villanueva de la Cañada, E-28691 Madrid, Spain  7: Astrophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  8: CNPq/Science without Borders Fellow.  9: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  10: Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-900, Brazil  11: School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Source Info: 4/ 1/2014, Vol. 784 Issue 2, p125; Subject Term: SUPERMASSIVE stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: X-ray emission spectroscopy; Subject Term: EMISSIVITY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/125
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94977379&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hardegree-Ullman, E. E.
AU  - Gudipati, M. S.
AU  - Boogert, A. C. A.
AU  - Lignell, H.
AU  - Allamandola, L. J.
AU  - Stapelfeldt, K. R.
AU  - Werner, M.
T1  - LABORATORY DETERMINATION OF THE INFRARED BAND STRENGTHS OF PYRENE FROZEN IN WATER ICE: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE COMPOSITION OF INTERSTELLAR ICES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/04//4/ 1/2014
VL  - 784
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 172
EP  - 182
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Broad infrared emission features (e.g., at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 μm) from the gas phase interstellar medium have long been attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A significant portion (10%-20%) of the Milky Way's carbon reservoir is locked in PAH molecules, which makes their characterization integral to our understanding of astrochemistry. In molecular clouds and the dense envelopes and disks of young stellar objects (YSOs), PAHs are expected to be frozen in the icy mantles of dust grains where they should reveal themselves through infrared absorption. To facilitate the search for frozen interstellar PAHs, laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the positions and strengths of the bands of pyrene mixed with H2O and D2O ices. The D2O mixtures are used to measure pyrene bands that are masked by the strong bands of H2O, leading to the first laboratory determination of the band strength for the CH stretching mode of pyrene in water ice near 3.25 μm. Our infrared band strengths were normalized to experimentally determined ultraviolet band strengths, and we find that they are generally ∼50% larger than those reported by Bouwman et al. based on theoretical strengths. These improved band strengths were used to reexamine YSO spectra published by Boogert et al. to estimate the contribution of frozen PAHs to absorption in the 5-8 μm spectral region, taking into account the strength of the 3.25 μm CH stretching mode. It is found that frozen neutral PAHs contain 5%-9% of the cosmic carbon budget and account for 2%-9% of the unidentified absorption in the 5-8 μm region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS phase reactions
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INTERSTELLAR gases
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - MILKY Way
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 94977430; Hardegree-Ullman, E. E. 1,2; Email Address: hardee@rpi.edu Gudipati, M. S. 3,4; Email Address: gudipati@jpl.nasa.gov Boogert, A. C. A. 2,5 Lignell, H. 6,7 Allamandola, L. J. 8 Stapelfeldt, K. R. 9 Werner, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: New York Center for Astrobiology and Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA  2: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Mail Code 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  5: SOFIA Science Center, USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. N232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA  7: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 4/ 1/2014, Vol. 784 Issue 2, p172; Subject Term: GAS phase reactions; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR gases; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: MILKY Way; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/172
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - RPRT
AU  - Wu, Shu-Chieh
AU  - Remington, Roger
AU  - Folk, Charles
T1  - Onsets do not override top-down goals, but they are responded to more quickly.
JO  - Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
JF  - Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 76
IS  - 3
M3  - Report
SP  - 649
EP  - 654
SN  - 19433921
AB  - Do onsets automatically capture attention? Spatial-cuing experiments often reveal no capture by onset cues in searches for color targets. However, recent experiments have shown faster responses to an uncued color target presented as an abrupt onset than as a change to an existing item, which has been argued to reflect capture by the onset. In the present experiment, we tested whether this onset advantage reflects the capture of attention or processing independent of shifts of attention. In a modified spatial-cuing paradigm, noninformative color precues were paired with color targets presented as abrupt onsets or as no-onset characters. Critically, the number of other onset items in the target display was manipulated, which has previously been shown to disrupt attention allocation to any particular item. It was reasoned that if the onset advantage for uncued color targets reflects attentional capture, then the appearance of additional onsets should eliminate this advantage. The results showed that even with multiple onsets on the target display, the onset advantage remained additive with cue validity. The additive effects are inconsistent with automatic capture by onsets, suggesting instead that the onset advantage arises from an independent source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Attention, Perception & Psychophysics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATTENTION
KW  - VISUAL perception
KW  - COLOR
KW  - SELECTIVITY (Psychology)
KW  - SPATIAL ability
KW  - COGNITIVE psychology
KW  - Attentional capture
KW  - Selective attention
KW  - Visual search
N1  - Accession Number: 95484630; Wu, Shu-Chieh 1; Email Address: shu-chieh.wu@nasa.gov Remington, Roger 2 Folk, Charles 3; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University and NASA Ames Research Center Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: The University of Queensland, St Lucia Australia  3: Villanova University, Villanova USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 76 Issue 3, p649; Subject Term: ATTENTION; Subject Term: VISUAL perception; Subject Term: COLOR; Subject Term: SELECTIVITY (Psychology); Subject Term: SPATIAL ability; Subject Term: COGNITIVE psychology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attentional capture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Selective attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual search; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Report
L3  - 10.3758/s13414-014-0637-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Friedman, Bruce H.
AU  - Stephens, Chad L.
AU  - Thayer, Julian F.
T1  - Redundancy analysis of autonomic and self-reported, responses to induced emotions.
JO  - Biological Psychology
JF  - Biological Psychology
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 98
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 28
SN  - 03010511
AB  - Highlights: [•] Redundancy analysis applied to physiological and self-reported data from emotion induction study. [•] Results indicate that approximately 27–28% of the variance in self-reported affect can be explained by autonomic variables, and vice versa. [•] These levels of explained variance suggest substantial coherence between feelings and physiology when all the constraints of the study are considered. [•] Results suggest that the low levels of emotional coherence that have often been reported in the literature underestimate coherence in basic emotion contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biological Psychology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SELF-evaluation
KW  - AUTONOMY (Philosophy)
KW  - EMOTIONS (Psychology)
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - Autonomic nervous system
KW  - Emotion concordance
KW  - Emotion synchrony
KW  - Multivariate analysis
KW  - Redundancy analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 95932084; Friedman, Bruce H. 1; Email Address: bhfriedm@vt.edu Stephens, Chad L. 2 Thayer, Julian F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology (0436), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0436, United States  2: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, and NASA Langley Research Center, United States  3: Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, United States; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 98, p19; Subject Term: SELF-evaluation; Subject Term: AUTONOMY (Philosophy); Subject Term: EMOTIONS (Psychology); Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autonomic nervous system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emotion concordance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emotion synchrony; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariate analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Redundancy analysis; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.12.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Czabaj, M.W.
AU  - Ratcliffe, J.G.
AU  - Davidson, B.D.
T1  - Observation of intralaminar cracking in the edge crack torsion specimen.
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 120
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00137944
AB  - Highlights: [•] ECT specimens, in their current form, exhibit intralaminar cracking prior to delamination growth. [•] ECT specimens, in their current form, are unsuitable for measuring mode III delamination toughness. [•] ECT specimens with alternative stacking sequences might constrain intralaminar cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - SURFACE cracks
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - TORSIONAL stiffness
KW  - Damage tolerance
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Fracture mechanics
KW  - Mode III
KW  - Polymer matrix composites
KW  - Toughness testing
N1  - Accession Number: 95723289; Czabaj, M.W. 1; Email Address: michael.w.czabaj@nasa.gov Ratcliffe, J.G. 2 Davidson, B.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  3: Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 120, p1; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: SURFACE cracks; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: TORSIONAL stiffness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mode III; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Toughness testing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piroddi, Luca
AU  - Ranieri, Gaetano
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
AU  - Trogu, Antonio
T1  - Geology, tectonics and topography underlined by L'Aquila earthquake TIR precursors.
JO  - Geophysical Journal International
JF  - Geophysical Journal International
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 197
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1532
EP  - 1536
SN  - 0956540X
AB  - Anomalous thermal infrared (TIR) emissions have widely been detected by satellite sensors before the major earthquakes. A recent processing technique for geostationary thermal data, developed for the case of the 2009 April 6, magnitude 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake, makes it possible to identify areas of enhanced TIR emissions around the epicentral region at a mean distance of less than 50 km but inside a radius of about 100 km. The index, called Night Thermal Gradient (NTG), derived from 4-D time-series data (two spatial and two temporal coordinates), identifies TIR anomalies by following the temperature trend during night, when the surface of the Earth is expected to cool. Leading up to the L'Aquila earthquake, an anomalous warming trend was observed. In this study, the anomalous NTG pattern is compared to the expected normal trend, taking into account the seismogenic faults, the overall tectonic setting, lithological spatial features, the orography and world stress map near the epicentral region. Main results are that a certain lithological selectivity can be recognized and that the known main stress field and seismogenic faults seem to be less important than certain tectonic lineaments, which are classified as non-seismogenic. The strong correlation between the topography and the TIR anomalies is in agreement with proposed physical mechanism for the generation of TIR anomalies. This relation is, in turn, present mainly in correspondence to two tectonic lineaments which in particular are thrusts: therefore, strong compressive states seem to be a positive condition for the generation of TIR anomalies. The temporary modification of these stress fields have triggered the Paganica Fault to its normal rupture mechanism. It is important to note that the distances, over which the TIR anomalies occurred, are an order of magnitude larger than the estimated length of the main fault rupture. Pixel-by-pixel time-series comparisons between the maximum TIR anomaly area and the epicentre of the main shock show that the increase in radiative emission occurred in the areas of maximum TIR anomalies and did not start by spreading outward from the epicentral region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geophysical Journal International is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTHQUAKE engineering
KW  - TOPOGRAPHY
KW  - PLATE tectonics
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - THERMAL gradient measurment
KW  - Dynamics: seismotectonics
KW  - Earthquake dynamics
KW  - Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction
KW  - Fractures and faults
KW  - Heat generation and transport
KW  - Spatial analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 100354012; Piroddi, Luca 1; Email Address: lucapiroddi@yahoo.it Ranieri, Gaetano 1 Freund, Friedemann 2,3 Trogu, Antonio 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.  2: Earth Sci. Div., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 197 Issue 1, p1532; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKE engineering; Subject Term: TOPOGRAPHY; Subject Term: PLATE tectonics; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: THERMAL gradient measurment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamics: seismotectonics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractures and faults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat generation and transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jägermeyr, Jonas
AU  - Gerten, Dieter
AU  - Lucht, Wolfgang
AU  - Hostert, Patrick
AU  - Migliavacca, Mirco
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - A high-resolution approach to estimating ecosystem respiration at continental scales using operational satellite data.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1191
EP  - 1210
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - A better understanding of the local variability in land-atmosphere carbon fluxes is crucial to improving the accuracy of global carbon budgets. Operational satellite data backed by ground measurements at Fluxnet sites proved valuable in monitoring local variability of gross primary production at highly resolved spatio-temporal resolutions. Yet, we lack similar operational estimates of ecosystem respiration (Re) to calculate net carbon fluxes. If successful, carbon fluxes from such a remote sensing approach would form an independent and sought after measure to complement widely used dynamic global vegetation models ( DGVMs). Here, we establish an operational semi-empirical Re model, based only on data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) with a resolution of 1 km and 8 days. Fluxnet measurements between 2000 and 2009 from 100 sites across North America and Europe are used for parameterization and validation. Our analysis shows that Re is closely tied to temperature and plant productivity. By separating temporal and intersite variation, we find that MODIS land surface temperature ( LST) and enhanced vegetation index ( EVI) are sufficient to explain observed Re across most major biomes with a negligible bias [ R² = 0.62, RMSE = 1.32 (g C m−2 d−1), MBE = 0.05 (g C m−2 d−1)]. A comparison of such satellite-derived Re with those simulated by the DGVM LPJmL reveals similar spatial patterns. However, LPJmL shows higher temperature sensitivities and consistently simulates higher Re values, in high-latitude and subtropical regions. These differences remain difficult to explain and they are likely associated either with LPJmL parameterization or with systematic errors in the Fluxnet sampling technique. While uncertainties remain with Re estimates, the model formulated in this study provides an operational, cross-validated and unbiased approach to scale Fluxnet Re to the continental scale and advances knowledge of spatio-temporal Re variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAND surface temperature
KW  - CARBON
KW  - ECOSYSTEMS
KW  - SOIL respiration
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - FLUXNET
KW  - land surface temperature
KW  - LPJmL DGVM
KW  - MODIS
KW  - RECO
KW  - temperature sensitivity
KW  - terrestrial carbon flux
KW  - up-scaling
N1  - Accession Number: 94727992; Jägermeyr, Jonas 1,2 Gerten, Dieter 1 Lucht, Wolfgang 1,2 Hostert, Patrick 2 Migliavacca, Mirco 3,4 Nemani, Ramakrishna 5; Affiliation:  1: Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, RD 1: Earth System Analysis  2: Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin  3: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Department Biogeochemical Integration  4: Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Laboratory, DISAT Università degli Studi Milano-Bicocca  5: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p1191; Subject Term: LAND surface temperature; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEMS; Subject Term: SOIL respiration; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Author-Supplied Keyword: FLUXNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: LPJmL DGVM; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: RECO; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial carbon flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: up-scaling; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.12443
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cuzzi, J.N.
AU  - Whizin, A.D.
AU  - Hogan, R.C.
AU  - Dobrovolskis, A.R.
AU  - Dones, L.
AU  - Showalter, M.R.
AU  - Colwell, J.E.
AU  - Scargle, J.D.
T1  - Saturn’s F Ring core: Calm in the midst of chaos.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 232
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 175
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] Saturn’s F Ring core exists where moonlet perturbations are strongly destabilizing. [•] Our theory for its stability combines numerical modeling and a simple physical model. [•] The physics combines orbital resonance and precession between Prometheus encounters. [•] Our predicted stable zones are very narrow, and the F Ring core lies in one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - QUANTUM chaos
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - Celestial Mechanics
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Resonances, orbital
KW  - Saturn, rings
N1  - Accession Number: 94756561; Cuzzi, J.N. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.cuzzi@nasa.gov Whizin, A.D. 2; Email Address: awhizin@yahoo.com Hogan, R.C. 3 Dobrovolskis, A.R. 4; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov Dones, L. 5; Email Address: luke@boulder.swri.edu Showalter, M.R. 6; Email Address: mshowalter@seti.org Colwell, J.E. 2; Email Address: jec@ucf.edu Scargle, J.D. 1; Email Address: jeffrey.d.scargle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, United States  3: BAERI, Inc., Sonoma, CA 95476, United States  4: Astronomy Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  5: SWRI, Inc., Boulder, CO 80302, United States  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 232, p157; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: QUANTUM chaos; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: ORBITS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial Mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances, orbital; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, rings; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2013.12.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jee, SolKeun
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - Detached-eddy simulation based on the model.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 84
EP  - 101
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - Highlights: [•] Detached-eddy simulation (DES) based on the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model is developed. [•] The proposed DES formulation reduces to a transport equation for the subgrid-scale kinetic energy in isotropic turbulence. [•] Forced isotropic turbulence is an alternative to decaying turbulence to determine the value of the DES coefficient. [•] The proposed model represents subcritical-Re flow past a circular cylinder as accurately as the dynamic Smagorinsky model. [•] The proposed model is also validated for a turbulent boundary layer separation on an airfoil for high Reynolds number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - EDDY viscosity
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - BOUNDARY layer separation
KW  - KINETIC energy
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - Detached-eddy simulation
KW  - Hybrid RANS/LES
KW  - model
N1  - Accession Number: 95222977; Jee, SolKeun 1; Email Address: jees@utrc.utc.com Shariff, Karim 1; Email Address: karim.shariff@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 46, p84; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: EDDY viscosity; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer separation; Subject Term: KINETIC energy; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Detached-eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid RANS/LES; Author-Supplied Keyword: model; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2013.12.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Gill, Paul S.
T1  - Standards and Technical Excellence.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Technology & Management
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Technology & Management
Y1  - 2014/04//Apr-Jun2014
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 109
EP  - 110
SN  - 19849648
AB  - The author reflects on the influence of the technical excellence on the development of uniformity of practices in an organization.
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.
N1  - Accession Number: 116215809; Gill, Paul S. 1; Email Address: paul.gill@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration - Huntsville/AL - USA; Source Info: Apr-Jun2014, Vol. 6 Issue 2, p109; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Subject Term: ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc.; NAICS/Industry Codes: 813990 Other Similar Organizations (except Business, Professional, Labor, and Political Organizations); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.5028/jatm.v6i2.370
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116215809&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun-Mack, Sunny
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Chen, Yan
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Yi, Yuhong
AU  - Gibson, Sharon C.
AU  - Heck, Patrick W.
AU  - Winker, David M.
T1  - Regional Apparent Boundary Layer Lapse Rates Determined from CALIPSO and MODIS Data for Cloud-Height Determination.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 990
EP  - 1011
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Reliably determining low-cloud heights using a cloud-top temperature from satellite infrared imagery is often challenging because of difficulties in characterizing the local thermal structure of the lower troposphere with the necessary precision and accuracy. To improve low-cloud-top height estimates over water surfaces, various methods have employed lapse rates anchored to the sea surface temperature to replace the boundary layer temperature profiles that relate temperature to altitude. To further improve low-cloud-top height retrievals, collocated Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations ( CALIPSO) and Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data taken from July 2006 to June 2007 and from June 2009 to May 2010 (2 yr) for single-layer low clouds are used here with numerical weather model analyses to develop regional mean boundary apparent lapse rates. These parameters are designated as apparent lapse rates because they are defined using the cloud-top temperatures from satellite retrievals and surface skin temperatures; they do not represent true lapse rates. Separate day and night, seasonal mean lapse rates are determined for 10′-resolution snow-free land, water, and coastal regions, while zonally dependent lapse rates are developed for snow/ice-covered areas for use in the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Edition 4 cloud property retrieval system (CCPRS-4). The derived apparent lapse rates over ice-free water range from 5 to 9 K km−1 with mean values of about 6.9 and 7.2 K km−1 during the day and night, respectively. Over land, the regional values vary from 3 to 8 K km−1, with day and night means of 5.5 and 6.2 K km−1, respectively. The zonal-mean apparent lapse rates over snow and ice surfaces generally decrease with increasing latitude, ranging from 4 to 8 K km−1. All of the CCPRS-4 lapse rates were used along with five other lapse rate techniques to retrieve cloud-top heights for 2 months of independent Aqua MODIS data. When compared with coincident CALIPSO data for October 2007, the mean cloud-top height differences between CCPRS-4 and CALIPSO during the daytime (nighttime) are 0.04 ± 0.61 km (0.10 ± 0.62 km) over ice-free water, −0.06 ± 0.85 km (−0.01 ± 0.83 km) over snow-free land, and 0.38 ± 0.95 km (0.03 ± 0.92 km) over snow-covered areas. The CCPRS-4 regional monthly means are generally unbiased and lack spatial error gradients seen in the comparisons for most of the other techniques. Over snow-free land, the regional monthly-mean errors range from −0.28 ± 0.74 km during daytime to 0.04 ± 0.78 km at night. The water regional monthly means are, on average, 0.04 ± 0.44 km less than the CALIPSO values during day and night. Greater errors are realized for snow-covered regions. Overall, the CCPRS-4 lapse rates yield the smallest RMS differences for all times of day over all areas both for individual retrievals and monthly means. These new regional apparent lapse rates, used in processing CERES Edition 4 data, should provide more accurate low-cloud-type heights than previously possible using satellite imager data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - ALTITUDES
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - Cloud retrieval
KW  - Clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 95513198; Sun-Mack, Sunny 1 Minnis, Patrick 2 Chen, Yan 1 Kato, Seiji 2 Yi, Yuhong 1 Gibson, Sharon C. 1 Heck, Patrick W. 3 Winker, David M. 2; Affiliation:  1: * Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  3: Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p990; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: ALTITUDES; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud retrieval; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-081.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
AU  - Borguet, Sébastien
AU  - Léonard, Olivier
AU  - Xiaodong (Frank) Zhang
T1  - Aircraft Engine Gas Path Diagnostic Methods: Public Benchmarking Results.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 136
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Recent technology reviews have identified the need for objective assessments of aircraft engine health management (EHM) technologies. To help address this issue, a gas path diagnostic benchmark problem has been created and made publicly available. This software tool, referred to as the Propulsion Diagnostic Method Evaluation Strategy (Pro-DIMES), has been constructed based on feedback provided by the aircraft EHM community. It provides a standard benchmark problem enabling users to develop, evaluate, and compare diagnostic methods. This paper will present an overview of ProDiMES along with a description of four gas path diagnostic methods developed and applied to the problem. These methods, which include analytical and empirical diagnostic techniques, will be described and associated blind-test-case metric results will be presented and compared. Lessons learned along with recommendations for improving the public benchmarking processes will also be presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - JET planes
KW  - FLIGHT
N1  - Accession Number: 95510073; Simon, Donald L. 1 Borguet, Sébastien 2 Léonard, Olivier 2 Xiaodong (Frank) Zhang 3; Affiliation:  1: Controls and Dynamics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Turbomachinery Group, University of Liège, Campus du Sart-Tilman, Liège B52/3 4000, Belgium  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, 335 Russ Engineering Center, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 136 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: FLIGHT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4025482
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sim, Ben W.
AU  - JanakiRam, Ram D.
AU  - Lau, Benton H.
T1  - Reduced In-Plane, Low-Frequency Noise of an Active Flap Rotor.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 59
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 022002-1
EP  - 022002-17
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Results froma jointDARPA/Boeing/NASA/Armywind tunnel test demonstrated the ability to reduce in-plane, low-frequency noise of the full-scaleBoeing-SMART(Smart Material ActuatedRotorTechnology) rotor with active flaps. Test data reported in this paper illustrated that near-field acoustic energy in the first six blade-passing harmonics could be reduced by up to 6 dB at a moderate-airspeed, level flight condition at an advance ratio of 0.30. Reduced noise levels were attributed to selective active flap schedules that modified in-plane blade airloads on the advancing side of the rotor, generating counteracting acoustic pulses that partially offset the negative pressure peaks associated with in-plane, steady thickness noise. These favorable reduced-noise operating states are a strong function of the active flap actuation amplitude, frequency, and phase. The reduced noise levels resulted in reduction of predicted aural detection distance, but incurred vibratory load penalties due to increased hub shear forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - FOUR-course radio range (Aeronautics)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Noise
KW  - HARMONICS (Electric waves)
KW  - ACOUSTIC pulses
KW  - NEAR-fields
N1  - Accession Number: 95740923; Sim, Ben W. 1; Email Address: ben.w.sim@us.army.mil JanakiRam, Ram D. 2 Lau, Benton H. 3; Affiliation:  1: AeroflightDynamics Directorate, U.S. Army Research, Development & Engineering Command, Moffett Field, CA  2: Flight Technology, The Boeing Company Mesa, AZ  3: Aeromechanics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 2, p022002-1; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: FOUR-course radio range (Aeronautics); Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Noise; Subject Term: HARMONICS (Electric waves); Subject Term: ACOUSTIC pulses; Subject Term: NEAR-fields; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.022002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamakov, V.I.
AU  - Warner, D.H.
AU  - Zamora, R.J.
AU  - Saether, E.
AU  - Curtin, W.A.
AU  - Glaessgen, E.H.
T1  - Investigation of crack tip dislocation emission in aluminum using multiscale molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modeling.
JO  - Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids
JF  - Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 65
M3  - Article
SP  - 35
EP  - 53
SN  - 00225096
AB  - Abstract: This work investigates the dislocation nucleation processes that occur at the tip of a crack in aluminum under a broad range of crystallographic orientations and temperatures. A concurrent multiscale molecular dynamics – continuum simulation framework is employed. The results are then interpreted using a Peierls continuum model that uses finite temperature material properties derived from molecular dynamics simulation. Under ramped loading, partial dislocation nucleation at the crack tip is found to lead to both full dislocation emission and twinning, depending upon the orientation, temperature, and magnitude of the applied load in the simulation. The origins of the dependencies are made apparent by the Peierls continuum model. The continuum model suggests that in many instances dislocation nucleation from the crack tip can be considered to be a strain rate independent process, yet still temperature dependent through the temperature dependence of the stacking fault energies and elastic constants. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Mechanics & Physics of Solids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in metals
KW  - MULTISCALE modeling
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - CONTINUUM (Mathematics)
KW  - CRYSTAL orientation
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Crack tip plasticity
KW  - Molecular dynamics simulation
KW  - Slip
KW  - Twinning
N1  - Accession Number: 94909088; Yamakov, V.I. 1; Email Address: yamakov@nianet.org Warner, D.H. 2 Zamora, R.J. 2 Saether, E. 3 Curtin, W.A. 4 Glaessgen, E.H. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: Cornell University, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Inst Engn Mech, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 65, p35; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in metals; Subject Term: MULTISCALE modeling; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: CONTINUUM (Mathematics); Subject Term: CRYSTAL orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack tip plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slip; Author-Supplied Keyword: Twinning; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jmps.2013.12.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94909088&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Connors, Martin
AU  - Wiegert, Paul
AU  - Mainzer, Amy
AU  - Martin, Brian
AU  - Veillet, Christian
T1  - The Discovery of Earth's Trojan Asteroid.
JO  - Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
JF  - Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 108
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 65
SN  - 0035872X
AB  - Trojan asteroids share the orbit of an associated planet by moving slowly about one of the two Lagrangian points that are located 60° ahead of or behind the planet, along its orbit, as measured from the Sun. This orbital configuration was proposed in 1772 by Lagrange as a solution for the motion of three bodies. The first Trojan asteroid was discovered, associated with Jupiter, in 1906. Many thousands of Jovian Trojans are now known to exist, several for Mars and Neptune, and one for Uranus. With calculations showing that Earth could have stable associated Trojans, but with observations being very difficult, it is only in 2010 that the first Earth Trojan was discovered. That body, 2010 TK7, has an extreme form of Trojan orbit that allows it to move far from the L4 Lagrangian point with which it is associated, and sometimes even to jump to the other Lagrangian point. The circumstances of discovery, dynamical behaviour, and context are discussed. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les astéroïdes troyens partagent l'orbite d'une planète associée en se déplaçant lentement autour de l'un des points triangulaires de Lagrange, qui sont situés sur son orbite, à 60° en avance ou en retard de la planète, mesurés par rapport au Soleil. Cette configuration orbitale comme solution pour le mouvement de trois corps fut proposée en 1772 par Lagrange. Le premier astéroïde troyen a été découvert, associé à Jupiter, en 1906. Plusieurs milliers de troyens de Jupiter sont maintenant connus, plusieurs de Mars et Neptune, et un seul d'Uranus vient d'être trouvé. Des calculs montrent que la Terre pourrait posséder des astéroïdes troyens stables, mais les observations sont très difficiles, donc ce n'est qu'en 2010 que le premier astéroïde troyen de la Terre fut découvert. Ce corps, 2010 TK7, possède une forme extrême de l'orbite qui le permet de se déplacer loin du point L4 de Lagrange avec lequel il est associé, et même de parfois passer à l'autre point de Lagrange. Les circonstances de découverte, le comportement dynamique et le contexte sont discutés. (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada is the property of Royal Astronomical Society of Canada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROJAN asteroids
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - LAGRANGIAN points
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - LAGRANGE, J. L. (Joseph Louis), 1736-1813
N1  - Accession Number: 95028302; Connors, Martin 1 Wiegert, Paul 2 Mainzer, Amy 3 Martin, Brian 4 Veillet, Christian 5; Affiliation:  1: Athabasca University  2: Western University  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  4: King's University College  5: Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 108 Issue 2, p54; Subject Term: TROJAN asteroids; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN points; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; People: LAGRANGE, J. L. (Joseph Louis), 1736-1813; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science - XXII: John T. Wasson.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 706
EP  - 721
SN  - 10869379
AB  - In this interview, John Wasson (Fig. ) describes his childhood and undergraduate years in Arkansas and his desire to pursue nuclear chemistry as a graduate student at MIT. Upon graduation, John spent time in Munich (Technische Hochschule), the Air Force Labs in Cambridge, MA, and a sabbatical at the University of Bern where he developed his interests in meteorites. Upon obtaining his faculty position at UCLA, John established a neutron activation laboratory and began a long series of projects on the bulk compositions of iron meteorites and chondrites. He developed the chemical classification scheme for iron meteorites, gathered a huge set of iron meteorite compositional data with resultant insights into their formation, and documented the refractory and moderately volatile element trends that characterize the chondrites and chondrules. He also spent several years studying field relations and compositions of layered tektites from Southeast Asia, proposing an origin by radiant heating from a mega-Tunguska explosion. Recently, John has explored oxygen isotope patterns in meteorites and their constituents believing the oxygen isotope results to be some of the most important discoveries in cosmochemistry. John also describes the role of postdoctoral colleagues and their important work, his efforts in the reorganization and modernization of the Meteoritical Society, his contributions in reshaping the journal Meteoritics, and how, with UCLA colleagues, he organized two meetings of the society. John Wasson earned the Leonard Medal of the Meteoritical Society in 1992 and the J. Lawrence Smith Medal of the National Academy in 2003. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - METEORITES -- Research
KW  - UNDERGRADUATE programs
KW  - IRON meteorites
KW  - METEORITICAL Society
KW  - WASSON, John T.
N1  - Accession Number: 95662014; Sears, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p706; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Research; Subject Term: UNDERGRADUATE programs; Subject Term: IRON meteorites; Company/Entity: METEORITICAL Society; People: WASSON, John T.; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12266
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Stokes, Chris R.
AU  - Davies, Neil S.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
AU  - Rodríguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Uceda, Esther R.
AU  - Dohm, James M.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Clifford, Stephen M.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Squyres, Steven W.
T1  - A cold hydrological system in Gale crater, Mars.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 93-94
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 118
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: Gale crater is a ~154-km-diameter impact crater formed during the Late Noachian/Early Hesperian at the dichotomy boundary on Mars. Here we describe potential evidence for ancient glacial, periglacial and fluvial (including glacio-fluvial) activity within Gale crater, and the former presence of ground ice and lakes. Our interpretations are derived from morphological observations using high-resolution datasets, particularly HiRISE and HRSC. We highlight a potential ancient lobate rock–glacier complex in parts of the northern central mound, with further suggestions of glacial activity in the large valley systems towards the southeast central mound. Wide expanses of ancient ground ice may be indicated by evidence for very cohesive ancient river banks and for the polygonal patterned ground common on the crater floor west of the central mound. We extend the interpretation to fluvial and lacustrine activity to the west of the central mound, as recorded by a series of interconnected canyons, channels and a possible lake basin. The emerging picture from our regional landscape analyses is the hypothesis that rock glaciers may have formerly occupied the central mound. The glaciers would have provided the liquid water required for carving the canyons and channels. Associated glaciofluvial activity could have led to liquid water running over ground ice-rich areas on the basin floor, with resultant formation of partially and/or totally ice-covered lakes in parts of the western crater floor. All this hydrologic activity is Hesperian or younger. Following this, we envisage a time of drying, with the generation of polygonal patterned ground and dune development subsequent to the disappearance of the surface liquid and frozen water. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - PERIGLACIAL processes
KW  - FLUVIAL geomorphology
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
KW  - GLACIOLOGY
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - Fluvial erosion
KW  - Gale crater
KW  - Glacial/periglacial modification
KW  - Glacio-fluvial activity
KW  - Ground ice
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 95505015; Fairén, Alberto G. 1,2; Email Address: agfairen@cab.csic-inta.es Stokes, Chris R. 3 Davies, Neil S. 4 Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 5 Rodríguez, J. Alexis P. 6 Davila, Alfonso F. 7 Uceda, Esther R. 8 Dohm, James M. 9,10 Baker, Victor R. 10 Clifford, Stephen M. 11 McKay, Christopher P. 6 Squyres, Steven W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Centro de Astrobiología, M-108 km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain  3: Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  4: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 3EQ, UK  5: School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA  6: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain  9: Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan  10: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  11: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 93-94, p101; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: PERIGLACIAL processes; Subject Term: FLUVIAL geomorphology; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: GLACIOLOGY; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluvial erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gale crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glacial/periglacial modification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glacio-fluvial activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ground ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2014.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - HOWELL, STEVE B.
AU  - SOBECK, CHARLIE
AU  - HAAS, MICHAEL
AU  - STILL, MARTIN
AU  - BARCLAY, THOMAS
AU  - MULLALLY, FERGAL
AU  - TROELTZSCH, JOHN
AU  - AIGRAIN, SUZANNE
AU  - BRYSON, STEPHEN T.
AU  - CALDWELL, DOUG
AU  - CHAPLIN, WILLIAM J.
AU  - COCHRAN, WILLIAM D.
AU  - HUBER, DANIEL
AU  - MARCY, GEOFFREY W.
AU  - MIGLIO, ANDREA
AU  - NAJITA, JOAN R.
AU  - SMITH, MARCIE
AU  - TWICKEN, J. D.
AU  - FORTNEY, JONATHAN J.
T1  - The K2 Mission: Characterization and Early Results.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 126
IS  - 938
M3  - Article
SP  - 398
EP  - 408
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The K2 mission will make use of the Kepler spacecraft and its assets to expand upon Kepler's groundbreaking discoveries in the fields of exoplanets and astrophysics through new and exciting observations. K2 will use an innovative way of operating the spacecraft to observe target fields along the ecliptic for the next 2-3 years. Early science commissioning observations have shown an estimated photometric precision near 400 ppm in a single 30 minute observation, and a 6-hr photometric precision of 80 ppm (both at V ¼ 12). The K2 mission offers long-term, simultaneous optical observation of thousands of objects at a precision far better than is achievable from ground-based telescopes. Ecliptic fields will be observed for approximately 75 days enabling a unique exoplanet survey which fills the gaps in duration and sensitivity between the Kepler and TESS missions, and offers prelaunch exoplanet target identification for JWST transit spectroscopy. Astrophysics observations with K2 will include studies of young open clusters, bright stars, galaxies, supernovae, and asteroseismology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - STARS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
N1  - Accession Number: 96122149; HOWELL, STEVE B. 1 SOBECK, CHARLIE 1 HAAS, MICHAEL 1 STILL, MARTIN 1,2 BARCLAY, THOMAS 1,2 MULLALLY, FERGAL 1,3 TROELTZSCH, JOHN 4 AIGRAIN, SUZANNE 5 BRYSON, STEPHEN T. 1 CALDWELL, DOUG 1,3 CHAPLIN, WILLIAM J. 6,7 COCHRAN, WILLIAM D. 8 HUBER, DANIEL 1,3 MARCY, GEOFFREY W. 9 MIGLIO, ANDREA 6,7 NAJITA, JOAN R. 10 SMITH, MARCIE 1,3 TWICKEN, J. D. 1,3 FORTNEY, JONATHAN J. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Inst., 560 Third St., West Sonoma, CA 95476  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043.  4: Ball Aerospace and Technology Corp., P.O. Box 1062, Boulder, CO 80306  5: Sub-department of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK.  6: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.  7: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  8: McDonald Observatory & Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712  9: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720  10: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719  11: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 126 Issue 938, p398; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Errico, Ronald M.
AU  - Privé, Nikki C.
T1  - An estimate of some analysis-error statistics using the Global Modeling and Assimilation Office observing-system simulation framework.
JO  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
JF  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 140
IS  - 680
M3  - Article
SP  - 1005
EP  - 1012
SN  - 00359009
AB  - The observing-system simulation experiment (OSSE) framework developed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) is used to estimate some characteristics of analysis error. This is possible because, within the framework, the true state of the simulated atmosphere is known and, after suitable interpolation to a common grid, can be simply differenced with the analysis to compute errors explicitly. The only assumption is that the OSSE is sufficiently realistic so that error statistics derived from it adequately describe those obtained when analyzing observations of the real atmosphere. Attention here is restricted to the troposphere during the months of July and August at 0000 and 1200 UTC using an observation data set from 2011. Analysis-error statistics presented here include geographical distributions of temporal variances, power spectra of spherical harmonics and correlations in meridional, latitudinal and vertical directions. Our most noteworthy results include the revelation through spectral analysis that only synoptic scales are well analyzed and that horizontal correlation lengths in the extratropics are short, with little vertical variation, and the dominance of rotational wind errors in contrast to divergent ones. Also examined are fractional reductions in background-error variances due to analysis of observations. These reveal that in most geographical regions throughout the troposphere, errors are reduced by analyzing observations, as intended. The reductions are typically small, however (−10% in most regions), as should be expected from consideration of the equilibration of errors implied by the Kalman-filter equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - GLOBAL modeling systems
KW  - SPATIO-temporal variation
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC structure
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - analysis error
KW  - atmospheric analysis
KW  - data assimilation
KW  - OSSE
N1  - Accession Number: 95714398; Errico, Ronald M. 1,2 Privé, Nikki C. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research Center, Morgan State University  2: Global Modeling and Assimilation Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 140 Issue 680, p1005; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: GLOBAL modeling systems; Subject Term: SPATIO-temporal variation; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC structure; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: analysis error; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: data assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: OSSE; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qj.2180
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhatt, Rajendra
AU  - Doelling, David R.
AU  - Aisheng Wu
AU  - Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong
AU  - Scarino, Benjamin R.
AU  - Haney, Conor O.
AU  - Gopalan, Arun
T1  - Initial Stability Assessment of S-NPP VIIRS Reflective Solar Band Calibration Using Invariant Desert and Deep Convective Cloud Targets.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 2809
EP  - 2826
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The latest CERES FM-5 instrument launched onboard the S-NPP spacecraft will use the VIIRS visible radiances from the NASA Land Product Evaluation and Analysis Tool Elements (PEATE) product for retrieving the cloud properties associated with its TOA flux measurement. In order for CERES to provide climate quality TOA flux datasets, the retrieved cloud properties must be consistent throughout the record, which is dependent on the calibration stability of the VIIRS imager. This paper assesses the NASA calibration stability of the VIIRS reflective solar bands using the Libya-4 desert and deep convective clouds (DCC). The invariant targets are first evaluated for temporal natural variability. It is found for visible (VIS) bands that DCC targets have half of the variability of Libya-4. For the shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands, the desert has less variability. The brief VIIRS record and target variability inhibits high confidence in identifying any trends that are less than ±0.6%/yr for most VIS bands, and ±2.5%/yr for SWIR bands. None of the observed invariant target reflective solar band trends exceeded these trend thresholds. Initial assessment results show that the VIIRS data have been consistently calibrated and that the VIIRS instrument stability is similar to or better than the MODIS instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - CERES
KW  - invariant calibration targets
KW  - MODIS
KW  - radiometric stability
KW  - S-NPP VIIRS
KW  - satellite calibration
N1  - Accession Number: 95796995; Bhatt, Rajendra 1; Email Address: rajendra.bhatt@nasa.gov Doelling, David R. 2; Email Address: david.r.doelling@nasa.gov Aisheng Wu 3; Email Address: Aisheng.Wu@sigmaspace.com Xiaoxiong (Jack) Xiong 4; Email Address: Xiaoxiong.Xiong.1@gsfc.nasa.gov Scarino, Benjamin R. 1; Email Address: benjamin.r.scarino@nasa.gov Haney, Conor O. 1; Email Address: conor.o.haney@nasa.gov Gopalan, Arun 1; Email Address: arun.gopalan-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Sigma Space Corp., 4801 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p2809; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: CERES; Author-Supplied Keyword: invariant calibration targets; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometric stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: S-NPP VIIRS; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite calibration; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs6042809
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Global assessment of damage to coastal ecosystem vegetation from tropical storms.
JO  - Remote Sensing Letters
JF  - Remote Sensing Letters
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 5
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 322
SN  - 2150704X
AB  - This study reports on the first comprehensive global assessment of tropical storm (TS) impacts on coastal ecosystem vegetation along the landfall pathways of major hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons using satellite data of land cover vegetation for the years 2006 to 2012. Wind damage has been shown to reduce live vegetation pools of carbon, accelerate ecosystem respiration fluxes of carbon dioxide and thereby represent a potentially significant positive feedback to terrestrial greenhouse gas emissions. Based on quarterly detection of changes in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite vegetation greenness, all major TS pathways during the time period were ranked in terms of area of vegetation damage observed. Comparison of vegetation disturbance area along major TS pathways to average rates of disturbance within the same coastal zones (for years during which no TS activity was observed) verified the satellite capability to detect TS ecosystem impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing Letters is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPICAL storms
KW  - COASTAL ecosystem health
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - GASES from plants
N1  - Accession Number: 95786925; Potter, Christopher 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA94035, United States; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 5 Issue 4, p315; Subject Term: TROPICAL storms; Subject Term: COASTAL ecosystem health; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: GASES from plants; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/2150704X.2014.902546
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
T1  - The infrared spectra of CH compared with that of CH.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2014/04//
VL  - 133
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - The addition of one H atom to CH has been studied for the neutral, cation, and anion. Hydrogen atom binding at the solo site is the most favorable for all three charge states. The solo and duo sites are significantly more strongly bound than the endo positions. One extra hydrogen atom has very little effect on the infrared spectra. It is unlikely that species with one extra hydrogen could be identified from the astronomical emission spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - HYDROGEN atom
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - Astrochemistry
KW  - DFT
KW  - Infrared bands
KW  - Interstellar medium
KW  - Molecular data
N1  - Accession Number: 94955410; Bauschlicher, Charles 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Ricca, Alessandra 2; Email Address: Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Entry Systems and Technology Division Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100 Mountain View 94043 USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 133 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: HYDROGEN atom; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interstellar medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular data; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-014-1454-0
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ma, Wenping
AU  - Jacobs, Gary
AU  - Gao, Pei
AU  - Jermwongratanachai, Thani
AU  - Shafer, Wilson D.
AU  - Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao
AU  - Yen, Chia H.
AU  - Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S.
AU  - Davis, Burtron H.
T1  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Pore size and Zr promotional effects on the activity and selectivity of 25%Co/Al2O3 catalysts.
JO  - Applied Catalysis A: General
JF  - Applied Catalysis A: General
Y1  - 2014/04/05/
VL  - 475
M3  - Article
SP  - 314
EP  - 324
SN  - 0926860X
AB  - Highlights: [•] The FTS over 0–5%Zr–25%Co/Al2O3 catalysts with different pore size was studied. [•] Wide pore Al2O3 led to higher activity, lower selectivity to CH4 and better stability. [•] Zr promoter increased activity/gcat, but did not increase Co TOF value. [•] Zr promoter adjusting CH4, C5+ and olefins depends on Al2O3 pore size. [•] Zr promoter slightly decreased 2-olefin and CO2 selectivities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Catalysis A: General is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM
KW  - PORE size (Materials)
KW  - CATALYTIC activity
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - FISCHER-Tropsch process
KW  - CHEMICAL stability
KW  - Co/Al2O3
KW  - Cobalt
KW  - EXAFS
KW  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
KW  - Hydrocarbon selectivity
KW  - XANES
KW  - Zr
N1  - Accession Number: 95504124; Ma, Wenping 1 Jacobs, Gary 1 Gao, Pei 1 Jermwongratanachai, Thani 1 Shafer, Wilson D. 1 Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao 1 Yen, Chia H. 2 Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S. 2 Davis, Burtron H. 1; Email Address: burtron.davis@uky.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 475, p314; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM; Subject Term: PORE size (Materials); Subject Term: CATALYTIC activity; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: FISCHER-Tropsch process; Subject Term: CHEMICAL stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Co/Al2O3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cobalt; Author-Supplied Keyword: EXAFS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fischer–Tropsch synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrocarbon selectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: XANES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zr; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apcata.2014.01.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jontof-Hutter, Daniel
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
T1  - KEPLER-79'S LOW DENSITY PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/04/10/
VL  - 785
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Kepler-79 (KOI-152) has four planetary candidates ranging in size from 3.5 to 7 times the size of the Earth, in a compact configuration with orbital periods near a 1:2:4:6 chain of commensurability, from 13.5 to 81.1 days. All four planets exhibit transit timing variations with periods that are consistent with the distance of each planet to resonance with its neighbors. We perform a dynamical analysis of the system based on transit timing measurements over 1282 days of Kepler photometry. Stellar parameters are obtained using a combination of spectral classification and the stellar density constraints provided by light curve analysis and orbital eccentricity solutions from our dynamical study. Our models provide tight bounds on the masses of all four transiting bodies, demonstrating that they are planets and that they orbit the same star. All four of Kepler-79's transiting planets have low densities given their sizes, which is consistent with other studies of compact multiplanet transiting systems. The largest of the four, Kepler-79 d (KOI-152.01), has the lowest bulk density yet determined among sub-Saturn mass planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STARS -- Density
KW  - STELLAR orbits
N1  - Accession Number: 99084792; Jontof-Hutter, Daniel 1; Email Address: Daniel.S.Jontof-Hutter@nasa.gov Lissauer, Jack J. 1 Rowe, Jason F. 1,2 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Source Info: 4/10/2014, Vol. 785 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Orbits; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STARS -- Density; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/15
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parchevsky, K. V.
AU  - Zhao, J.
AU  - Hartlep, T.
AU  - Kosovichev, A. G.
T1  - VERIFICATION OF THE HELIOSEISMOLOGY TRAVEL-TIME MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE AND THE INVERSION PROCEDURE FOR SOUND SPEED USING ARTIFICIAL DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/04/10/
VL  - 785
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We performed three-dimensional numerical simulations of the solar surface acoustic wave field for the quiet Sun and for three models with different localized sound-speed perturbations in the interior with deep, shallow, and two-layer structures. We used the simulated data generated by two solar acoustics codes that employ the same standard solar model as a background model, but utilize different integration techniques and different models of stochastic wave excitation. Acoustic travel times were measured using a time-distance helioseismology technique, and compared with predictions from ray theory frequently used for helioseismic travel-time inversions. It is found that the measured travel-time shifts agree well with the helioseismic theory for sound-speed perturbations, and for the measurement procedure with and without phase-speed filtering of the oscillation signals. This testing verifies the whole measuring-filtering-inversion procedure for static sound-speed anomalies with small amplitude inside the Sun outside regions of strong magnetic field. It is shown that the phase-speed filtering, frequently used to extract specific wave packets and improve the signal-to-noise ratio, does not introduce significant systematic errors. Results of the sound-speed inversion procedure show good agreement with the perturbation models in all cases. Due to its smoothing nature, the inversion procedure may overestimate sound-speed variations in regions with sharp gradients of the sound-speed profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUN
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LIGHT sources
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
KW  - ASTROSEISMOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 99084737; Parchevsky, K. V. 1 Zhao, J. 1 Hartlep, T. 1,2 Kosovichev, A. G. 1,3,4,5; Email Address: akosovichev@solar.stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Stanford University, HEPL, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: BAER Institute, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA  3: Big Bear Solar Observatory, 40386 North Shore Lane, Big Bear, CA 92314, USA  4: Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA  5: Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, Nauchny, Crimea 98409, Ukraine; Source Info: 4/10/2014, Vol. 785 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: ASTROSEISMOLOGY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/785/1/40
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woodworth, A.A.
AU  - Neudeck, P.G.
AU  - Sayir, A.
AU  - Solá, F.
AU  - Dudley, M.
AU  - Raghothamachar, B.
T1  - Investigation of single crystal 4H-SiC growth by the Solvent–Laser Heated Floating Zone technique.
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2014/04/15/
VL  - 392
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 40
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Abstract: The Solvent–Laser Heated Floating Zone (solvent–LHFZ) growth technique has been implemented to grow long single crystal silicon carbide (SiC) fibers. This technique combines the long fiber growth ability of laser heated floating zone with crystal growth by traveling solvent method׳s ability to grow single crystal SiC. This paper presents a complete look at the initial SiC growth study by solvent–LHFZ. This study shows that solvent–LHFZ readily grows single crystal SiC, growth rates are a function of both growth temperature and carbon concentration in the crystal growth source material, solvent incorporation is a function of carbon concentration in the crystal growth source material, and that an ordered growth front must be achieved in order to grow a long single crystal SiC fiber. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - HEATING
KW  - LASERS in chemistry
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - A1. X-ray diffraction
KW  - A1. X-ray topography
KW  - A2. Floating zone technique
KW  - A2. Traveling solvent zone growth
KW  - B1. Silicon carbide
KW  - B2. Wide band gap semiconductor
N1  - Accession Number: 96028759; Woodworth, A.A. 1; Email Address: andrew.a.woodworth@nasa.gov Neudeck, P.G. 1 Sayir, A. 1 Solá, F. 1 Dudley, M. 2 Raghothamachar, B. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2275, USA; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 392, p34; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: LASERS in chemistry; Subject Term: FIBERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. X-ray diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. X-ray topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: A2. Floating zone technique; Author-Supplied Keyword: A2. Traveling solvent zone growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: B2. Wide band gap semiconductor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.01.050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Igel, Matthew R.
AU  - van den Heever, Susan C.
AU  - Stephens, Graeme L.
AU  - Posselt, Derek J.
T1  - Convective-scale responses of a large-domain, modelled tropical environment to surface warming.
JO  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
JF  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2014/04/15/
VL  - 140
IS  - 681
M3  - Article
SP  - 1333
EP  - 1343
SN  - 00359009
AB  - This article explores the response of convective-scale atmospheric characteristics to surface temperature through the lens of large-domain, cloud-system-resolving model experiments run at radiative convective equilibrium. We note several features reminiscent of the response to surface warming in atmospheric general circulation models. These include an increase in the rain rate that is smaller than the modelled increase in precipitable water, a systematic decrease in sensible heating and an increase in clear-sky cooling. However, in contrast to climate models, we note that tropospheric relative humidity increases and column-integrated water vapour increases at the rate anticipated from the Clausius-Clapeyron relationship, but only when compared with the troposphere mean temperature rather than surface temperature. Also shown are results elucidating the changes in the vertically integrated water budget and the distribution of high precipitation rates shifting toward higher rates. Moist static energy distributions are analyzed and, from these, clouds are implicated in effecting the final equilibrium state of the atmosphere. The results indicate that, while there are aspects of the tropical equilibrium that are represented realistically in current general circulation model climate-change experiments, there are potentially influential local interactions that are sufficiently important as to alter the mean response of the tropical water and energy balance to changes in sea-surface temperature. Convection is shown to dictate the equilibrium state across all scales, including those unresolved in climate models, rather than only responding to surface-induced changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - RAIN & rainfall -- Measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - climate
KW  - cloud-resolving models
KW  - convection
N1  - Accession Number: 96442876; Igel, Matthew R. 1 van den Heever, Susan C. 1 Stephens, Graeme L. 2 Posselt, Derek J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  3: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan; Source Info: Apr2014, Vol. 140 Issue 681, p1333; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall -- Measurement; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud-resolving models; Author-Supplied Keyword: convection; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qj.2230
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barcelo, Steven J
AU  - Kim, Ansoon
AU  - Gibson, Gary A
AU  - Norris, Kate J
AU  - Yamakawa, Mineo
AU  - Li, Zhiyong
T1  - Deterministic nanoparticle assemblies: from substrate to solution.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2014/04/18/
VL  - 25
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 155302
EP  - 155307
SN  - 09574484
AB  - The deterministic assembly of metallic nanoparticles is an exciting field with many potential benefits. Many promising techniques have been developed, but challenges remain, particularly for the assembly of larger nanoparticles which often have more interesting plasmonic properties. Here we present a scalable process combining the strengths of top down and bottom up fabrication to generate deterministic 2D assemblies of metallic nanoparticles and demonstrate their stable transfer to solution. Scanning electron and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy studies of these assemblies suggested the formation of nanobridges between touching nanoparticles that hold them together so as to maintain the integrity of the assembly throughout the transfer process. The application of these nanoparticle assemblies as solution-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) materials is demonstrated by trapping analyte molecules in the nanoparticle gaps during assembly, yielding uniformly high enhancement factors at all stages of the fabrication process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL nanoparticles
KW  - DETERMINISTIC processes
KW  - SERS spectroscopy
KW  - SURFACE plasmons
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - SOLUTION (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 95012280; Barcelo, Steven J 1 Kim, Ansoon 2 Gibson, Gary A 1 Norris, Kate J 3,4 Yamakawa, Mineo 1 Li, Zhiyong 1; Email Address: Zhiyong.li@hp.com; Affiliation:  1: Hewlett–Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, CA 94043, USA  2: Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Jung-gu, Daejeon, Korea  3: University of California Santa Cruz, Baskin School of Engineering, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/18/2014, Vol. 25 Issue 15, p155302; Subject Term: METAL nanoparticles; Subject Term: DETERMINISTIC processes; Subject Term: SERS spectroscopy; Subject Term: SURFACE plasmons; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: SOLUTION (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/25/15/155302
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kataria, T.
AU  - Showman, A. P.
AU  - Fortney, J. J.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Freedman, R. S.
T1  - THE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION OF THE SUPER EARTH GJ 1214b: DEPENDENCE ON COMPOSITION AND METALLICITY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/04/20/
VL  - 785
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 102
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present three-dimensional atmospheric circulation models of GJ 1214b, a 2.7 Earth-radius, 6.5 Earth-mass super Earth detected by the MEarth survey. Here we explore the planet's circulation as a function of atmospheric metallicity and atmospheric composition, modeling atmospheres with a low mean molecular weight (MMW; i.e., H2-dominated) and a high MMW (i.e., water- and CO2-dominated). We find that atmospheres with a low MMW have strong day-night temperature variations at pressures above the infrared photosphere that lead to equatorial superrotation. For these atmospheres, the enhancement of atmospheric opacities with increasing metallicity lead to shallower atmospheric heating, larger day-night temperature variations, and hence stronger superrotation. In comparison, atmospheres with a high MMW have larger day-night and equator-to-pole temperature variations than low MMW atmospheres, but differences in opacity structure and energy budget lead to differences in jet structure. The circulation of a water-dominated atmosphere is dominated by equatorial superrotation, while the circulation of a CO2-dominated atmosphere is instead dominated by high-latitude jets. By comparing emergent flux spectra and light curves for 50× solar and water-dominated compositions, we show that observations in emission can break the degeneracy in determining the atmospheric composition of GJ 1214b. The variation in opacity with wavelength for the water-dominated atmosphere leads to large phase variations within water bands and small phase variations outside of water bands. The 50× solar atmosphere, however, yields small variations within water bands and large phase variations at other characteristic wavelengths. These observations would be much less sensitive to clouds, condensates, and hazes than transit observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - STELLAR photospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 95449341; Kataria, T. 1; Email Address: tkataria@lpl.arizona.edu Showman, A. P. 1 Fortney, J. J. 2 Marley, M. S. 3 Freedman, R. S. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave #100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2014, Vol. 785 Issue 2, p92; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: STELLAR photospheres; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/92
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kane, Stephen R.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Horch, Elliott P.
AU  - Feng, Ying
AU  - Hinkel, Natalie R.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Everett, Mark E.
AU  - Howard, Andrew W.
AU  - Wright, Jason T.
T1  - LIMITS ON STELLAR COMPANIONS TO EXOPLANET HOST STARS WITH ECCENTRIC PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/04/20/
VL  - 785
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 93
EP  - 102
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Though there are now many hundreds of confirmed exoplanets known, the binarity of exoplanet host stars is not well understood. This is particularly true of host stars that harbor a giant planet in a highly eccentric orbit since these are more likely to have had a dramatic dynamical history that transferred angular momentum to the planet. Here we present observations of four exoplanet host stars that utilize the excellent resolving power of the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument on the Gemini North telescope. Two of the stars are giants and two are dwarfs. Each star is host to a giant planet with an orbital eccentricity >0.5 and whose radial velocity (RV) data contain a trend in the residuals to the Keplerian orbit fit. These observations rule out stellar companions 4-8 mag fainter than the host star at passbands of 692 nm and 880 nm. The resolution and field of view of the instrument result in exclusion radii of 0.″05-1.″4, which excludes stellar companions within several AU of the host star in most cases. We further provide new RVs for the HD 4203 system that confirm that the linear trend previously observed in the residuals is due to an additional planet. These results place dynamical constraints on the source of the planet's eccentricities, place constraints on additional planetary companions, and inform the known distribution of multiplicity amongst exoplanet host stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - PLANETS
N1  - Accession Number: 95449342; Kane, Stephen R. 1; Email Address: skane@sfsu.edu Howell, Steve B. 2 Horch, Elliott P. 3 Feng, Ying 4,5 Hinkel, Natalie R. 1 Ciardi, David R. 6 Everett, Mark E. 7 Howard, Andrew W. 8 Wright, Jason T. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: Center for Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA  6: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech, MS 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2014, Vol. 785 Issue 2, p93; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: PLANETS; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/93
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lau, R. M.
AU  - Herter, T. L.
AU  - Morris, M. R.
AU  - Adams, J. D.
T1  - NATURE VERSUS NURTURE: LUMINOUS BLUE VARIABLE NEBULAE IN AND NEAR MASSIVE STELLAR CLUSTERS AT THE GALACTIC CENTER.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/04/20/
VL  - 785
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 120
EP  - 132
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Three luminous blue variables (LBVs) are located in and near the Quintuplet Cluster at the Galactic center: the Pistol Star, G0.120-0.048, and qF362. We present imaging at 19, 25, 31, and 37 μm of the region containing these three LBVs, obtained with SOFIA using FORCAST. We argue that Pistol and G0.120-0.048 are identical “twins” that exhibit contrasting nebulae due to the external influence of their different environments. Our images reveal the asymmetric, compressed shell of hot dust surrounding the Pistol Star and provide the first detection of the thermal emission from the symmetric, hot dust envelope surrounding G0.120-0.048. However, no detection of hot dust associated with qF362 is made. Dust and gas composing the Pistol nebula are primarily heated and ionized by the nearby Quintuplet Cluster stars. The northern region of the Pistol nebula is decelerated due to the interaction with the high-velocity (2000 km s–1) winds from adjacent Wolf-Rayet Carbon (WC) stars. From fits to the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the Pistol nebula with the DustEM code we determine that the Pistol nebula is composed of a distribution of very small, transiently heated grains (10 to ∼ 35 Å) having a total dust mass of 0.03 M☼, and that it exhibits a gradient of decreasing grain size from south to north due to differential sputtering by the winds from the WC stars. The total IR luminosity of the Pistol nebula is 5.2 × 105L☼. Dust in the G0.120-0.048 nebula is primarily heated by the central star; however, the nebular gas is ionized externally by the Arches Cluster. Unlike the Pistol nebula, the G0.120-0.048 nebula is freely expanding into the surrounding medium. A grain size distribution identical to that of the non-sputtered region of the Pistol nebula satisfies the constraints placed on the G0.120-0.048 nebula from DustEM model fits to its SED and implies a total dust mass of 0.021 M☼. The total IR luminosity of the G0.120-0.048 nebula is ∼105L☼. From Paschen-α and 6 cm observations we determine a total gas mass of 9.3 M☼ and 6.2 M☼ for the Pistol and G0.120-0.048 nebulae, respectively. Given the independent dust and gas mass estimates we find that the Pistol and G0.120-0.048 nebulae exhibit similar gas-to-dust mass ratios of and , respectively. Both nebulae share identical size scales (∼0.7 pc) which suggests that they have similar dynamical timescales of ∼104 yr, assuming a shell expansion velocity of vexp = 60 km s–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUMINOUS blue variables
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - QUINTUPLETS
KW  - STARS
KW  - NEBULAE
N1  - Accession Number: 95449279; Lau, R. M. 1 Herter, T. L. 1 Morris, M. R. 2 Adams, J. D. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, 202 Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  3: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2014, Vol. 785 Issue 2, p120; Subject Term: LUMINOUS blue variables; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: QUINTUPLETS; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/120
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Tyler D.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS AS A SOURCE OF BROWN DWARF VARIABILITY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/04/20/
VL  - 785
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 164
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A number of brown dwarfs are now known to be variable with observed amplitudes as large as 10%-30% at some wavelengths. While spatial inhomogeneities in cloud coverage and thickness are likely responsible for much of the observed variability, it is possible that some of the variations arise from atmospheric temperature fluctuations instead of, or in addition to, clouds. To better understand the role that thermal variability might play we present a case study of brown dwarf variability using a newly developed one-dimensional, time-stepping model of atmospheric thermal structure. We focus on the effects of thermal perturbations, intentionally simplifying the problem through omission of clouds and atmospheric circulation. Model results demonstrate that thermal perturbations occurring deep in the atmosphere (at pressures greater than 10 bar) of a model T-dwarf can be communicated to the upper atmosphere through radiative heating via the windows in near-infrared water opacity. The response time depends on where in the atmosphere a thermal perturbation is introduced. We show that, for certain periodic perturbations, the emission spectrum can have complex time- and wavelength-dependent behaviors, including phase shifts in times of maximum flux observed at different wavelengths. Since different wavelengths probe different levels in the atmosphere, these variations track a wavelength-dependent set of radiative exchanges happening between different atmospheric levels as a perturbation evolves in time. We conclude that thermal—as well as cloud—fluctuations must be considered as possible contributors to the observed brown dwarf variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SOLAR photosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 95449320; Robinson, Tyler D. 1,2; Email Address: tyler.d.robinson@nasa.gov Marley, Mark S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2014, Vol. 785 Issue 2, p158; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SOLAR photosphere; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/158
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yadong Zhao
AU  - Xiaoming Chen
AU  - Cheol Park
AU  - Fay, Catharine C.
AU  - Stupkiewicz, Stanislaw
AU  - Changhong Ke
T1  - Mechanical deformations of boron nitride nanotubes in crossed junctions.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2014/04/28/
VL  - 115
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 164305-1
EP  - 164305-9
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - We present a study of the mechanical deformations of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) in crossed junctions. The structure and deformation of the crossed tubes in the junction are characterized by using atomic force microscopy. Our results show that the total tube heights are reduced by 20%-33% at the crossed junctions formed by double-walled BNNTs with outer diameters in the range of 2.21-4.67 nm. The measured tube height reduction is found to be in a nearly linear relationship with the summation of the outer diameters of the two tubes forming the junction. The contact force between the two tubes in the junction is estimated based on contact mechanics theories and found to be within the range of 4.2-7.6 nN. The Young's modulus of BNNTs and their binding strengths with the substrate are quantified, based on the deformation profile of the upper tube in the junction, and are found to be 1.07±0.11 TPa and 0.18-0.29 nJ/m, respectively. Finally, we perform finite element simulations on the mechanical deformations of the crossed BNNT junctions. The numerical simulation results are consistent with both the experimental measurements and the analytical analysis. The results reported in this paper contribute to a better understanding of the structural and mechanical properties of BNNTs and to the pursuit of their applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - DEFORMATION of surfaces
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 95862499; Yadong Zhao 1 Xiaoming Chen 1 Cheol Park 2,3 Fay, Catharine C. 2 Stupkiewicz, Stanislaw 4 Changhong Ke 1; Email Address: cke@binghamton.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA  4: Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 115 Issue 16, p164305-1; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: DEFORMATION of surfaces; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4872238
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Monteiro Brando, Paulo
AU  - Balch, Jennifer K.
AU  - Nepstad, Daniel C.
AU  - Morton, Douglas C.
AU  - Putz, Francis E.
AU  - Coe, Michael T.
AU  - Silvério, Divino
AU  - Macedo, Marcia N.
AU  - Davidson, Eric A.
AU  - Nóbrega, Caroline C.
AU  - Alencar, Ane
AU  - Soares-Filho, Britaldo S.
T1  - Abrupt increases in Amazonian tree mortality due to drought–fire interactions.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2014/04/29/
VL  - 111
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 6347
EP  - 6352
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Interactions between climate and land-use change may drive widespread degradation of Amazonian forests. High-intensity fires associated with extreme weather events could accelerate this degradation by abruptly increasing tree mortality, but this process remains poorly understood. Here we present, to our knowledge, the first field-based evidence of a tipping point in Amazon forests due to altered fire regimes. Based on results of a large-scale, long-term experiment with annual and triennial burn regimes (B1yr and B3yr, respectively) in the Amazon, we found abrupt increases in fire-induced tree mortality (226 and 462%) during a severe drought event, when fuel loads and air temperatures were substantially higher and relative humidity was lower than long-term averages. This threshold mortality response had a cascading effect, causing sharp declines in canopy cover (23 and 31%) and aboveground live biomass (12 and 30%) and favoring widespread invasion by flammable grasses across the forest edge area (80 and 63%), where fires were most intense (e.g., 220 and 820 kW·m-1). During the droughts of 2007 and 2010, regional forest fires burned 12 and 5% of southeastern Amazon forests, respectively, compared with <1% in nondrought years. These results show that a few extreme drought events, coupled with forest fragmentation and anthropogenic ignition sources, are already causing widespread fire-induced tree mortality and forest degradation across southeastern Amazon forests. Future projections of vegetation responses to climate change across drier portions of the Amazon require more than simulation of global climate forcing alone and must also include interactions of extreme weather events, fire, and land-use change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TREE mortality
KW  - FOREST declines
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - DROUGHTS
KW  - FOREST fires
KW  - AMAZON River Valley
KW  - fire mapping
KW  - fireline intensity
KW  - forest dieback
KW  - MODIS
KW  - stable states
N1  - Accession Number: 95874111; Monteiro Brando, Paulo 1,2,3; Email Address: pmbrando@ipam.org.br Balch, Jennifer K. 4 Nepstad, Daniel C. 5 Morton, Douglas C. 6 Putz, Francis E. 7 Coe, Michael T. 2 Silvério, Divino 1,8 Macedo, Marcia N. 2 Davidson, Eric A. 2 Nóbrega, Caroline C. 1,9 Alencar, Ane 1 Soares-Filho, Britaldo S. 10; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia, 66035-170, Belém, Pará, Brazil  2: Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02450  3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305-4101  4: Department of Geography, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802  5: Earth Innovation Institute, San Francisco, CA 94110  6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771  7: Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611  8: Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900, Brasília-DF, Brazil  9: Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil  10: Insituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Source Info: 4/29/2014, Vol. 111 Issue 17, p6347; Subject Term: TREE mortality; Subject Term: FOREST declines; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: DROUGHTS; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Subject Term: AMAZON River Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: fire mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: fireline intensity; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest dieback; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: stable states; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1305499111
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95874111&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Dutcher, Dabrina
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Chan, Kevin
AU  - Crumeyrolle, Suzanne
AU  - Raymond, Timothy M.
AU  - Thornhill, Kenneth L.
AU  - Winstead, Edward L.
AU  - Anderson, Bruce E.
T1  - Mapping the Operation of the Miniature Combustion Aerosol Standard (Mini-CAST) Soot Generator.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 467
EP  - 479
SN  - 02786826
AB  - The Jing Ltd. miniature combustion aerosol standard (Mini-CAST) soot generator is a portable, commercially available burner that is widely used for laboratory measurements of soot processes. While many studies have used the Mini-CAST to generate soot with known size, concentration, and organic carbon fraction under a single or few conditions, there has been no systematic study of the burner operation over a wide range of operating conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of the microphysical, chemical, morphological, and hygroscopic properties of Mini-CAST soot over the full range of oxidation air and mixing N2flow rates. Very fuel-rich and fuel-lean flame conditions are found to produce organic-dominated soot with mode diameters of 10–60 nm, and the highest particle number concentrations are produced under fuel-rich conditions. The lowest organic fraction and largest diameter soot (70–130 nm) occur under slightly fuel-lean conditions. Moving from fuel-rich to fuel-lean conditions also increases the O:C ratio of the soot coatings from ∼0.05 to ∼0.25, which causes a small fraction of the particles to act as cloud condensation nuclei near the Kelvin limit (κ ∼ 0–10−3). Comparison of these property ranges to those reported in the literature for aircraft and diesel engine soots indicates that the Mini-CAST soot is similar to real-world primary soot particles, which lends itself to a variety of process-based soot studies. The trends in soot properties uncovered here will guide selection of burner operating conditions to achieve optimum soot properties that are most relevant to such studies. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - SOOT
KW  - BURNERS (Technology)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC oxygen
KW  - NITROGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 95430985; Moore, Richard H. 1,2; Email Address: richard.h.moore@nasa.gov Ziemba, Luke D. 2 Dutcher, Dabrina 3 Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 2 Chan, Kevin 2 Crumeyrolle, Suzanne 1,2 Raymond, Timothy M. 3 Thornhill, Kenneth L. 2,4 Winstead, Edward L. 2,4 Anderson, Bruce E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  3: Department of Chemical Engineering, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, USA  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p467; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: SOOT; Subject Term: BURNERS (Technology); Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC oxygen; Subject Term: NITROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2014.890694
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raatikainen, Tomi
AU  - Lin, Jack J.
AU  - Cerully, Kate M.
AU  - Lathem, Terry L.
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Nenes, Athanasios
T1  - CCN Data Interpretation Under Dynamic Operation Conditions.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 552
EP  - 561
SN  - 02786826
AB  - We have developed a new numerical model for the non-steady-state operation of the Droplet Measurement Technologies (DMT) Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) counter. The model simulates the Scanning Flow CCN Analysis (SFCA) instrument mode, where a wide supersaturation range is continuously scanned by cycling the flow rate over 20–120 s. Model accuracy is verified using a broad set of data which include ammonium sulfate calibration data (under conditions of low CCN concentration) and airborne measurements where either the instrument pressure was not controlled or where exceptionally high CCN loadings were observed. It is shown here for the first time that small pressure and flow fluctuations can have a disproportionately large effect on the instrument supersaturation due to localized compressive/expansive heating and cooling. The model shows that, for fast scan times, these effects can explain the observed shape of the SFCA supersaturation-flow calibration curve and transients in the outlet droplet sizes. The extent of supersaturation depletion from the presence of CCN during SFCA operation is also examined; we found that depletion effects can be neglected below 4000 cm−3for CCN number. Copyright 2014 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION reactions
KW  - DROPS -- Measurement
KW  - SUPERSATURATION
KW  - AMMONIUM sulfate
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - HEATING
KW  - COOLING
N1  - Accession Number: 95430992; Raatikainen, Tomi 1,2 Lin, Jack J. 1 Cerully, Kate M. 3 Lathem, Terry L. 1 Moore, Richard H. 3,4 Nenes, Athanasios 1,3; Email Address: nenes@eas.gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA  2: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland  3: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p552; Subject Term: CONDENSATION reactions; Subject Term: DROPS -- Measurement; Subject Term: SUPERSATURATION; Subject Term: AMMONIUM sulfate; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: COOLING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2014.899429
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95430992&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arad, Eran
AU  - Ramasamy, Manikandan
AU  - Wilson, Jacob S.
T1  - Flow Response of Active Flow Control Actuators.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 998
EP  - 1009
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Numerical and experimental analysis of a synthetic jet actuator in quiescent air is reported. The study focuses on the actuator itself and on the vorticity field as well as on structures that are generated by the actuator. Large eddies simulation was used for numerical analysis and phase-locked, two-dimensional microscopic-particle image velocimetry technique was used in the experiment. In the numerical simulation, the equations were integrated using a nondissipative scheme that enforces discrete conservation of kinetic energy. The internal cavity flow of the actuator was part of the simulation. The actuator under consideration is of a unique design, fabricated to accommodate practical issues associated with helicopter rotor application. However, it has the same operating principles as a conventional synthetic jet actuator. Harmonies of the forcing frequency were traced in the velocity field. Insight into the evolution of the vortical structures, jet flapping, and onset of turbulence in the jet was retrieved. This is an important building block for better understanding of the interaction of synthetic jets with boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTUATORS -- Research
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 95984302; Arad, Eran 1 Ramasamy, Manikandan 2,3 Wilson, Jacob S. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: RAFAEL-Advanced Defense Systems, Ltd., 31021 Haifa, Israel  2: University of California Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: University Affiliated Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center/M.S. 215-1  4: U.S. Army, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Research Engineer, Research, Development, and Engineering Command, Aeroflightdynamics Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center/M.S. 215-1; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p998; Subject Term: ACTUATORS -- Research; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052419
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duda, Benjamin M.
AU  - Menter, Florian R.
AU  - Hansen, Thorsten
AU  - Estève, Marie-Josephe
AU  - Deck, Sébastien
AU  - Bézard, Hervé
T1  - Aerothermal Prediction of Multiple Hot Jets in Crossflow for Aircraft Applications.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1035
EP  - 1046
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Even though many technical applications feature multiple jets in crossflow, little attention has been paid so far to their simultaneous numerical simulation as a system. A special challenge in this context is the simulation of exhausts of air systems on aircraft since they feature multiple hot jets in crossflow at high Reynolds numbers. As standard statistical turbulence models are not capable of correctly predicting thermal mixing between the jet and crossflow as well as inter jet mixing, the scale-adaptive simulation is employed. In a first step, a simplified configuration comprising five laterally aligned jets is investigated, and numerical results are compared to wind tunnel data with good agreement. The establishing flowfield is analyzed, and its dynamics are compared to a single jet in the crossflow reference case. In a second step, the exhaust of an existing antiicing system is considered on an aircraft under realistic flight conditions. To take into account the local flow topology and to reduce computational costs, a sequential simulation methodology is applied, which relies on a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes simulation of the aircraft to provide boundary conditions for a subsequent scale-adaptive simulation calculation in a truncated subdomain. Results are compared to flight test data with good agreement, which highlights the applicability of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - EXHAUST systems
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 95984305; Duda, Benjamin M. 1,2 Menter, Florian R. 3 Hansen, Thorsten 3 Estève, Marie-Josephe 1 Deck, Sébastien 4 Bézard, Hervé; Affiliation:  1: Airbus Industries, 31060 Toulouse, France  2: NASA Langley Research Center  3: ANSYS Germany GmbH, 83624 Otterfing, Germany  4: ONERA, F-92190 Meudon, France; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1035; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: EXHAUST systems; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052370
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - DYAR, M. DARBY
AU  - JAWIN, ERICA R.
AU  - BREVES, ELLY
AU  - MARCHAND, GERARD
AU  - NELMS, MELISSA
AU  - LANE, MELISSA D.
AU  - MERTZMAN, STANLEY A.
AU  - BISH, DAVID L.
AU  - BISHOP, JANICE L.
T1  - Mössbauer parameters of iron in phosphate minerals: Implications for interpretation of martian data.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 99
IS  - 5/6
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 914
EP  - 914
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - Phosphate minerals, while relatively rare, show a broad range of crystal structure types with linkages among PO4 tetrahedra mimicking the hierarchy of polymerization of SiO4 tetrahedra seen in silicate minerals. To augment previous Mössbauer studies of individual phosphate species and groups of species, this paper presents new Mössbauer data on 63 different phosphate samples, and integrates them with data on more than 37 phosphate species in 62 other studies from the literature. Variations in Mössbauer parameters of different sites in each mineral are then related to both the local polyhedral environment around the Fe cations and the overall structural characteristics of each species. The entire aggregated M össbauer data set on phosphate minerals is juxtaposed against parameters obtained for spectra from the MIMOS spectrometers on Mars. This comparison demonstrates that signatures from many different phosphate or sulfate mineral species could also be contributing to Mars Mössbauer spectra. Results underscore the conclusion that unique mineral identifications are generally not possible from Mössbauer data alone, particularly for paramagnetic phases, although combining Mössbauer results with other data sets enables a greater level of confidence in constraining mineralogy. This study provides a wealth of new data on Fe-bearing phosphate minerals to bolster future analyses of Mössbauer spectra acquired on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOSSBAUER effect
KW  - VIVIANITE
KW  - PHOSPHATE minerals
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - alluaudite
KW  - arrojadite
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mossbauer
KW  - phosphates
KW  - triphylite
KW  - vivianite
N1  - Accession Number: 96321814; DYAR, M. DARBY 1 JAWIN, ERICA R. 1 BREVES, ELLY 1 MARCHAND, GERARD 1 NELMS, MELISSA 1 LANE, MELISSA D. 2 MERTZMAN, STANLEY A. 3 BISH, DAVID L. 4 BISHOP, JANICE L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, U.S.A.  2: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, Arizona 85719, U.S.A.  3: Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603, U.S.A.  4: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East 10th Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, U.S.A.  5: SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94043, U.S.A.; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 99 Issue 5/6, p914; Subject Term: MOSSBAUER effect; Subject Term: VIVIANITE; Subject Term: PHOSPHATE minerals; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: alluaudite; Author-Supplied Keyword: arrojadite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mossbauer; Author-Supplied Keyword: phosphates; Author-Supplied Keyword: triphylite; Author-Supplied Keyword: vivianite; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hughes, Stephanie N
AU  - Tozzi, Sasha
AU  - Harris, Linden
AU  - Harmsen, Shawn
AU  - Young, Colleen
AU  - Rask, Jon
AU  - Toy-Choutka, Sharon
AU  - Clark, Kit
AU  - Cruickshank, Marilyn
AU  - Fennie, Hamilton
AU  - Kuo, Julie
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D
T1  - Interactions of marine mammals and birds with offshore membrane enclosures for growing algae (OMEGA).
JO  - Aquatic Biosystems
JF  - Aquatic Biosystems
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 20469063
AB  - Background: OMEGA is an integrated aquatic system to produce biofuels, treat and recycle wastewater, capture CO2, and expand aquaculture production. This system includes floating photobioreactors (PBRs) that will cover hundreds of hectares in marine bays. To assess the interactions of marine mammals and birds with PBRs, 9 × 1.3 m flat panel and 9.5 × 0.2 m tubular PBRs were deployed in a harbor and monitored day and night from October 10, 2011 to Janurary 22, 2012 using infrared video. To observe interactions with pinnipeds, two trained sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and one trained harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) were observed and directed to interact with PBRs in tanks. To determine the forces required to puncture PBR plastic and the effects of weathering, Instron measurements were made with a sea otter (Enhydra lutris) tooth and bird beaks. Results: A total of 1,445 interactions of marine mammals and birds with PBRs were observed in the 2,424 hours of video recorded. The 95 marine mammal interactions, 94 by sea otters and one by a sea lion had average durations of three minutes (max 44 min) and represented about 1% of total recording time. The 1,350 bird interactions, primarily coots (Fulica americana) and gulls (Larus occidentalis and L. californicus) had average durations of six minutes (max. 170) and represented 5% of recording time. Interactive behaviors were characterized as passive (feeding, walking, resting, grooming, and social activity) or proactive (biting, pecking, investigating, and unspecified manipulating). Mammal interactions were predominantly proactive, whereas birds were passive. All interactions occurred primarily during the day. Ninety-six percent of otter interactions occurred in winter, whereas 73% of bird interactions in fall, correlating to their abundance in the harbor. Trained pinnipeds followed most commands to bite, drag, and haul-out onto PBRs, made no overt undirected interactions with the PBRs, but showed avoidance behavior to PBR tethers. Instron measurements indicated that sea-otter teeth and gull beaks can penetrate weathered plastic more easily than new plastic. Conclusions: Otter and bird interactions with experimental PBRs were benign. Large-scale OMEGA systems are predicted to have both positive and negative environmental consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aquatic Biosystems is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARINE mammals
KW  - ALGAE
KW  - BIOMASS energy
KW  - WASTEWATER treatment
KW  - CARBON sequestration
KW  - WATER birds
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - Birds
KW  - Gulls
KW  - Marine mammals
KW  - Monterey Bay
KW  - Photobioreactors
KW  - Renewable energy
KW  - Sea otter
KW  - Wastewater treatment
N1  - Accession Number: 100328953; Hughes, Stephanie N 1,2 Tozzi, Sasha 3 Harris, Linden 4 Harmsen, Shawn 4 Young, Colleen 5 Rask, Jon 2 Toy-Choutka, Sharon 5 Clark, Kit 6 Cruickshank, Marilyn 1 Fennie, Hamilton 1 Kuo, Julie 1 Trent, Jonathan D 3,7; Email Address: Jonathan.d.trent@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA  2: CSS-Dynamac Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  4: University Space Research Association, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  6: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 10, p1; Subject Term: MARINE mammals; Subject Term: ALGAE; Subject Term: BIOMASS energy; Subject Term: WASTEWATER treatment; Subject Term: CARBON sequestration; Subject Term: WATER birds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Birds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gulls; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine mammals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monterey Bay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photobioreactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Renewable energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea otter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wastewater treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112510 Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112519 Other Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/2046-9063-10-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bregon, Anibal
AU  - Daigle, Matthew
AU  - Roychoudhury, Indranil
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
AU  - Koutsoukos, Xenofon
AU  - Pulido, Belarmino
T1  - An event-based distributed diagnosis framework using structural model decomposition.
JO  - Artificial Intelligence
JF  - Artificial Intelligence
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 210
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 35
SN  - 00043702
AB  - Abstract: Complex engineering systems require efficient on-line fault diagnosis methodologies to improve safety and reduce maintenance costs. Traditionally, diagnosis approaches are centralized, but these solutions do not scale well. Also, centralized diagnosis solutions are difficult to implement on increasingly prevalent distributed, networked embedded systems. This paper presents a distributed diagnosis framework for physical systems with continuous behavior. Using Possible Conflicts, a structural model decomposition method from the Artificial Intelligence model-based diagnosis (DX) community, we develop a distributed diagnoser design algorithm to build local event-based diagnosers. These diagnosers are constructed based on global diagnosability analysis of the system, enabling them to generate local diagnosis results that are globally correct without the use of a centralized coordinator. We also use Possible Conflicts to design local parameter estimators that are integrated with the local diagnosers to form a comprehensive distributed diagnosis framework. Hence, this is a fully distributed approach to fault detection, isolation, and identification. We evaluate the developed scheme on a four-wheeled rover for different design scenarios to show the advantages of using Possible Conflicts, and generate on-line diagnosis results in simulation to demonstrate the approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Intelligence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEBUGGING in computer science
KW  - MAINTENANCE costs
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics)
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - Discrete event systems
KW  - Distributed diagnosis
KW  - Possible Conflicts
KW  - Structural model decomposition
N1  - Accession Number: 95021086; Bregon, Anibal 1; Email Address: anibal@infor.uva.es Daigle, Matthew 2; Email Address: matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov Roychoudhury, Indranil 3; Email Address: indranil.roychoudhury@nasa.gov Biswas, Gautam 4; Email Address: gautam.biswas@vanderbilt.edu Koutsoukos, Xenofon 4; Email Address: xenofon.koutsoukos@vanderbilt.edu Pulido, Belarmino 1; Email Address: belar@infor.uva.es; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, 47011, Spain  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  3: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  4: Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 210, p1; Subject Term: DEBUGGING in computer science; Subject Term: MAINTENANCE costs; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics); Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete event systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Possible Conflicts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural model decomposition; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.artint.2014.01.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95021086&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sanna, A.
AU  - Cesaroni, R.
AU  - Moscadelli, L.
AU  - Zhang, Q.
AU  - Menten, K. M.
AU  - Molinari, S.
AU  - Caratti o Garatti, A.
AU  - De Buizer, J. M.
T1  - A subarcsecond study of the hot molecular core in G023.01–00.41.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 565
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Searching for disk-outflow systems in massive star-forming regions is a key to assessing the main physical processes in the recipe of massive star formation. Aims. We have selected a hot molecular core (HMC) in the high-mass star-forming region G023.01−00.41, where VLBI multi-epoch observations of water and methanol masers have suggested the existence of rotation and expansion within 2000 AU of its center. Our purpose is to image the thermal line and continuum emission at millimeter wavelengths to establish the physical parameters and velocity field of the gas in the region. Methods. We performed SMA observations at 1.3 mm with both the most extended and compact array configurations, providing subarcsecond and high sensitivity maps of various molecular lines, including both hot-core and outflow tracers.We also reconstructed the spectral energy distribution of the region from millimeter to near infrared wavelengths, using the Herschel/Hi-GAL maps, as well as archival data. Results. From the spectral energy distribution, we derive a bolometric luminosity of ∼4 × 104 L⊙. Our interferometric observations reveal that the distribution of dense gas and dust in the HMC is significantly flattened and extends up to a radius of 8000 AU from the center of radio continuum and maser emission in the region. The equatorial plane of this HMC is strictly perpendicular to the elongation of the collimated bipolar outflow, as imaged on scales of ∼0.1–0.5 pc in the main CO isotopomers, as well as in the SiO(5–4) line. In the innermost HMC regions (<∼1000 AU), the velocity field traced by the CH3CN (12K−11K) line emission shows that molecular gas is both expanding along the outflow direction following a Hubble law and rotating about the outflow axis, in agreement with the (3D) velocity field traced by methanol masers. The velocity field associated with rotation indicates a dynamical mass of ∼19 M⊙ at the center of the core. The latter is likely to be concentrated in a single O9.5 ZAMS star, consistent with the estimated bolometric luminosity of G023.01−00.41. The physical properties of the CO(2–1) outflow emission, such as its momentum rate 6×10−3 M⊙ km s−1 yr−1 and its outflow rate 2×10−4 M⊙ yr−1, support our estimates of the luminosity (and mass) of the embedded young stellar object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR astrophysics
KW  - PROTOSTARS
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - instrumentation: high angular resolution
KW  - ISM: kinematics and dynamics
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: individual: G23.01-0.41
N1  - Accession Number: 96313800; Sanna, A. 1; Email Address: asanna@mpifr-bonn.mpg.de Cesaroni, R. 2 Moscadelli, L. 2 Zhang, Q. 3 Menten, K. M. 1 Molinari, S. 4 Caratti o Garatti, A. 1 De Buizer, J. M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany  2: INAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA  4: INAF-IFSI, via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  5: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS.N232-12, Moffet Field CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 565, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR astrophysics; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumentation: high angular resolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: kinematics and dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: G23.01-0.41; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201323129
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quintana, Elisa V.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - THE EFFECT OF PLANETS BEYOND THE ICE LINE ON THE ACCRETION OF VOLATILES BY HABITABLE-ZONE ROCKY PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/05//5/1/2014
VL  - 786
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 45
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Models of planet formation have shown that giant planets have a large impact on the number, masses, and orbits of terrestrial planets that form. In addition, they play an important role in delivering volatiles from material that formed exterior to the snow line (the region in the disk beyond which water ice can condense) to the inner region of the disk where terrestrial planets can maintain liquid water on their surfaces. We present simulations of the late stages of terrestrial planet formation from a disk of protoplanets around a solar-type star and we include a massive planet (from 1 M⊕ to 1 MJ) in Jupiter's orbit at ∼5.2 AU in all but one set of simulations. Two initial disk models are examined with the same mass distribution and total initial water content, but with different distributions of water content. We compare the accretion rates and final water mass fraction of the planets that form. Remarkably, all of the planets that formed in our simulations without giant planets were water-rich, showing that giant planet companions are not required to deliver volatiles to terrestrial planets in the habitable zone. In contrast, an outer planet at least several times the mass of Earth may be needed to clear distant regions of debris truncating the epoch of frequent large impacts. Observations of exoplanets from radial velocity surveys suggest that outer Jupiter-like planets may be scarce, therefore, the results presented here suggest that there may be more habitable planets residing in our galaxy than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - OUTER planets -- Research
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
N1  - Accession Number: 95712759; Quintana, Elisa V. 1,2; Email Address: elisa.quintana@nasa.gov Lissauer, Jack J. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/1/2014, Vol. 786 Issue 1, p33; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: OUTER planets -- Research; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/33
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arendt, Richard G.
AU  - Dwek, Eli
AU  - Kober, Gladys
AU  - Rho, Jeonghee
AU  - Hwang, Una
T1  - INTERSTELLAR AND EJECTA DUST IN THE CAS A SUPERNOVA REMNANT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/05//5/1/2014
VL  - 786
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 76
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Infrared continuum observations provide a means of investigating the physical composition of the dust in the ejecta and swept up medium of the Cas A supernova remnant (SNR). Using low-resolution Spitzer IRS spectra (5-35 μm), and broad-band Herschel PACS imaging (70, 100, and 160 μm), we identify characteristic dust spectra, associated with ejecta layers that underwent distinct nuclear burning histories. The most luminous spectrum exhibits strong emission features at ∼9 and 21 μm and is closely associated with ejecta knots with strong Ar emission lines. The dust features can be reproduced by magnesium silicate grains with relatively low Mg to Si ratios. Another dust spectrum is associated with ejecta having strong Ne emission lines. It has no indication of any silicate features and is best fit by Al2O3 dust. A third characteristic dust spectrum shows features that are best matched by magnesium silicates with a relatively high Mg to Si ratio. This dust is primarily associated with the X-ray-emitting shocked ejecta, but it is also evident in regions where shocked interstellar or circumstellar material is expected. However, the identification of dust composition is not unique, and each spectrum includes an additional featureless dust component of unknown composition. Colder dust of indeterminate composition is associated with emission from the interior of the SNR, where the reverse shock has not yet swept up and heated the ejecta. Most of the dust mass in Cas A is associated with this unidentified cold component, which is ≲ 0.1 M☼. The mass of warmer dust is only ∼0.04 M☼. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 95712786; Arendt, Richard G. 1,2; Email Address: Richard.G.Arendt@nasa.gov Dwek, Eli 2 Kober, Gladys 2,3 Rho, Jeonghee 4,5 Hwang, Una 6,7; Affiliation:  1: CRESST, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Department of Physics, IACS, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  7: The Henry A. Rowland Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: 5/1/2014, Vol. 786 Issue 1, p55; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/55
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoard, D. W.
AU  - Long, Knox S.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Wachter, Stefanie
AU  - Brinkworth, Carolyn S.
AU  - Knigge, Christian
AU  - Drew, J. E.
AU  - Szkody, Paula
AU  - Kafka, S.
AU  - Belle, Kunegunda
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Froning, Cynthia S.
AU  - Belle, Gerard T. van
AU  - Pretorius, M. L.
T1  - NOVA-LIKE CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES IN THE INFRARED.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/05//5/1/2014
VL  - 786
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 91
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Nova-like (NL) cataclysmic variables have persistently high mass transfer rates and prominent steady state accretion disks. We present an analysis of infrared observations of 12 NLs obtained from the Two Micron All Sky Survey, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer All Sky Survey. The presence of an infrared excess at λ ≳ 3-5 μm over the expectation of a theoretical steady state accretion disk is ubiquitous in our sample. The strength of the infrared excess is not correlated with orbital period, but shows a statistically significant correlation (but shallow trend) with system inclination that might be partially (but not completely) linked to the increasing view of the cooler outer accretion disk and disk rim at higher inclinations. We discuss the possible origin of the infrared excess in terms of emission from bremsstrahlung or circumbinary dust, with either mechanism facilitated by the mass outflows (e.g., disk wind/corona, accretion stream overflow, and so on) present in NLs. Our comparison of the relative advantages and disadvantages of either mechanism for explaining the observations suggests that the situation is rather ambiguous, largely circumstantial, and in need of stricter observational constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ACCRETION disks
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 95712801; Hoard, D. W. 1,2,3; Email Address: hoard@mpia.de Long, Knox S. 4 Howell, Steve B. 5 Wachter, Stefanie 2 Brinkworth, Carolyn S. 6,7 Knigge, Christian 8 Drew, J. E. 9 Szkody, Paula 10 Kafka, S. 11 Belle, Kunegunda 12 Ciardi, David R. 7 Froning, Cynthia S. 13 Belle, Gerard T. van 14 Pretorius, M. L. 15; Affiliation:  1: Eureka Scientific, Inc., Oakland, CA, USA  2: Max Planck Institut für Astronomie, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Visiting Scientist, MPIA.  4: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  6: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  7: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  8: Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK  9: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK  10: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA  11: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Washington, DC, USA  12: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA  13: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  14: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, USA  15: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Source Info: 5/1/2014, Vol. 786 Issue 1, p68; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ACCRETION disks; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/786/1/68
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95712801&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sawamura, P.
AU  - Müller, D.
AU  - Hoff, R. M.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Winstead, E. L.
AU  - Holben, B. N.
T1  - Aerosol optical and microphysical retrievals from a hybrid multiwavelength lidar dataset - DISCOVER-AQ 2011.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 3113
EP  - 3157
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Retrievals of aerosol microphysical properties (e.g. effective radius, volume and surface-area concentrations) and aerosol optical properties (e.g. complex index of refraction and single scattering albedo) were obtained from a hybrid multiwavelength lidar dataset for the first time. In July of 2011, in the Baltimore-Washington DC region, synergistic profiling of optical and microphysical properties of aerosols with both airborne in-situ and ground-based remote sensing systems was performed during the first deployment of DISCOVER-AQ. The hybrid multiwavelength lidar dataset combines elastic ground-based measurements at 355nm with airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) measurements at 532 nm and elastic measurements at 1064 nm that were obtained less than 5km apart of each other. This was the first study in which optical and microphysical retrievals from lidar were obtained during the day and directly compared to AERONET and in-situ measurements for 11 cases. Good agreement was observed between lidar and AERONET retrievals. Larger discrepancies were observed between lidar retrievals and in-situ measurements obtained by the aircraft and aerosol hygroscopic effects are believed to be the main factor of such discrepancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - SINGLE scattering (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 97265044; Sawamura, P. 1,2; Email Address: patricia.sawamura@nasa.gov Müller, D. 3 Hoff, R. M. 4 Hostetler, C. A. 1 Ferrare, R. A. 1 Hair, J. W. 1 Rogers, R. R. 1 Anderson, B. E. 1 Ziemba, L. D. 1 Beyersdorf, A. J. 1 Thornhill, K. L. 1 Winstead, E. L. 1 Holben, B. N. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU), TN 37831, USA  3: University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Herts, AL 10 9AB, UK  4: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p3113; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: SINGLE scattering (Optics); Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-7-3113-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, J.B.
AU  - Xue, D.
AU  - Shi, Y.
T1  - Micromechanics modeling for fatigue damage analysis designed for fabric reinforced ceramic matrix composites.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 111
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 223
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Abstract: A micromechanics analysis modeling method was developed to analyze the damage progression and fatigue failure of fabric reinforced composite structures, especially for the brittle ceramic matrix material composites. A repeating unit cell concept of fabric reinforced composites was used to represent the global composite structure. The thermal and mechanical properties of the repeating unit cell were considered as the same as those of the global composite structure. The three-phase micromechanics, the shear-lag, and the continuum fracture mechanics models were integrated with a statistical model in the repeating unit cell to predict the progressive damages and fatigue life of the composite structures. The global structure failure was defined as the loss of loading capability of the repeating unit cell, which depends on the stiffness reduction due to material slice failures and nonlinear material properties in the repeating unit cell. The present methodology is demonstrated with the analysis results evaluated through the experimental test performed with carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix plain weave composite specimens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - Damage progression
KW  - Fabric reinforced composite structures
KW  - Fatigue failure
KW  - Fracture mechanics
KW  - Shear-lag
KW  - Three-phase micromechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 95021314; Min, J.B. 1; Email Address: James.B.Min@nasa.gov Xue, D. 2 Shi, Y. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  2: Analytical Services & Materials, Inc., Hampton, VA, United States; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 111, p213; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage progression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabric reinforced composite structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue failure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear-lag; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three-phase micromechanics; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2013.12.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schultz, Marc R.
AU  - Rose, Cheryl A.
AU  - Guzman, J. Carlos
AU  - McCarville, Douglas
AU  - Hilburger, Mark W.
T1  - An experimental study of the compression response of fluted-core composite panels with joints.
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 61
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 237
SN  - 13598368
AB  - Abstract: Fluted-core sandwich composites consist of integral angled web members spaced between laminate facesheets, and may have the potential to provide benefits over traditional sandwich composites for certain aerospace applications. However, fabrication of large autoclave-cured fluted-core cylindrical shells with existing autoclaves will require that the shells be fabricated in segments, and joined longitudinally to form a complete barrel. Experiments on two different fluted-core longitudinal joint designs were considered in this study. In particular, jointed fluted-core-composite panels were tested in longitudinal compression because this is the primary loading condition in dry launch-vehicle barrel sections. One of the joint designs performed well in comparison with unjointed test articles, and the other joint design failed at loads approximately 14% lower than unjointed test articles. The compression-after-impact (CAI) performance of jointed fluted-core composites was also investigated with test articles that had been subjected to 6ft-lb impacts from a 1/2-in. hemispherical indenter. It was found that such impacts reduced the load-carrying capability by 9–40%. This reduction was dependent on the joint concept. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPRESSION loads
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - CYLINDRICAL shells (Engineering)
KW  - A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs)
KW  - D. Mechanical testing
KW  - E. Joints/joining
KW  - Fluted-core sandwich composites
N1  - Accession Number: 95021773; Schultz, Marc R. 1; Email Address: marc.r.schultz@nasa.gov Rose, Cheryl A. 1 Guzman, J. Carlos 2 McCarville, Douglas 2 Hilburger, Mark W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Boeing Research & Technology, The Boeing Company, Mail Stop 4R-05, P.O. Box 3707, Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 61, p229; Subject Term: COMPRESSION loads; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: CYLINDRICAL shells (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer–matrix composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Mechanical testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: E. Joints/joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluted-core sandwich composites; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.12.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95021773&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burow, L. C.
AU  - Woebken, D.
AU  - Marshall, I. P. G.
AU  - Singer, S. W.
AU  - Pett-Ridge, J.
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, L.
AU  - Spormann, A. M.
AU  - Bebout, B. M.
AU  - Weber, P. K.
AU  - Hoehler, T. M.
T1  - Identification of Desulfobacterales as primary hydrogenotrophs in a complex microbial mat community.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 221
EP  - 230
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Hypersaline microbial mats have been shown to produce significant quantities of H2 under dark, anoxic conditions via cyanobacterial fermentation. This flux of a widely accessible microbial substrate has potential to significantly influence the ecology of the mat, and any consumption will affect the net efflux of H2 that might otherwise be captured as a resource. Here, we focus on H2 consumption in a microbial mat from Elkhorn Slough, California, USA, for which H2 production has been previously characterized. Active biologic H2 consumption in this mat is indicated by a significant time-dependent decrease in added H2 compared with a killed control. Inhibition of sulfate reduction, as indicated by a decrease in hydrogen sulfide production relative to controls, resulted in a significant increase in H2 efflux, suggesting that sulfate-reducing bacteria ( SRB) are important hydrogenotrophs. Low methane efflux under these same conditions indicated that methanogens are likely not important hydrogenotrophs. Analyses of genes and transcripts that encode for r RNA or dissimilatory sulfite reductase, using both PCR-dependent and PCR-independent metatranscriptomic sequencing methods, demonstrated that Desulfobacterales are the dominant, active SRB in the upper, H2-producing layer of the mat (0-2 mm). This hypothesis was further supported by the identification of transcripts encoding hydrogenases derived from Desulfobacterales capable of H2 oxidation. Analysis of molecular data provided no evidence for the activity of hydrogenotrophic methanogens. The combined biogeochemical and molecular data strongly indicate that SRB belonging to the Desulfobacterales are the quantitatively important hydrogenotrophs in the Elkhorn Slough mat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Biochemistry)
KW  - HYDROGEN sulfide
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - OXIDATION
N1  - Accession Number: 95576600; Burow, L. C. 1,2 Woebken, D. 1,2 Marshall, I. P. G. 1 Singer, S. W. 3 Pett-Ridge, J. 4 Prufert-Bebout, L. 2 Spormann, A. M. 1 Bebout, B. M. 2 Weber, P. K. 4 Hoehler, T. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Chemical, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center  3: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  4: Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p221; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Biochemistry); Subject Term: HYDROGEN sulfide; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: OXIDATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12080
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Russell, J. A.
AU  - Brady, A. L.
AU  - Cardman, Z.
AU  - Slater, G. F.
AU  - Lim, D. S. S.
AU  - Biddle, J. F.
T1  - Prokaryote populations of extant microbialites along a depth gradient in Pavilion Lake, British Columbia, Canada.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 250
EP  - 264
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Pavilion Lake in British Columbia, Canada, is home to modern-day microbialites that are actively growing at multiple depths within the lake. While microbialite morphology changes with depth and previous isotopic investigations suggested a biological role in the formation of these carbonate structures, little is known about their microbial communities. Microbialite samples acquired through the Pavilion Lake Research Project (PLRP) were first investigated for phototrophic populations using Cyanobacteria-specific primers and 16S rRNA gene cloning. These data were expounded on by high-throughput tagged sequencing analyses of the general bacteria population. These molecular analyses show that the microbial communities of Pavilion Lake microbialites are diverse compared to non-lithifying microbial mats also found in the lake. Phototrophs and heterotrophs were detected, including species from the recently described Chloroacidobacteria genus, a photoheterotroph that has not been previously observed in microbialite systems. Phototrophs were shown as the most influential contributors to community differences above and below 25 meters, and corresponding shifts in heterotrophic populations were observed at this interface as well. The isotopic composition of carbonate also mirrored this shift in community states. Comparisons to previous studies indicated this population shift may be a consequence of changes in lake chemistry at this depth. Microbial community composition did not correlate with changing microbialite morphology with depth, suggesting something other than community changes may be a key to observed variations in microbialite structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROKARYOTES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MOLECULAR cloning
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - DNA primers
N1  - Accession Number: 95576597; Russell, J. A. 1 Brady, A. L. 2 Cardman, Z. 3 Slater, G. F. 4 Lim, D. S. S. 5,6 Biddle, J. F. 1; Affiliation:  1: School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware  2: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary  3: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  4: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University  5: NASA Ames Research Center  6: SETI Institute; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p250; Subject Term: PROKARYOTES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MOLECULAR cloning; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC bacteria; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: DNA primers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12082
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feldman, Paul D.
AU  - Glenar, David A.
AU  - Stubbs, Timothy J.
AU  - Retherford, Kurt D.
AU  - Randall Gladstone, G.
AU  - Miles, Paul F.
AU  - Greathouse, Thomas K.
AU  - Kaufmann, David E.
AU  - Parker, Joel Wm.
AU  - Alan Stern, S.
T1  - Upper limits for a lunar dust exosphere from far-ultraviolet spectroscopy by LRO/LAMP.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 233
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 113
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] LAMP spectrograph on Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter searched for dust exosphere. [•] Illuminated atmosphere observed above dark lunar limb with Sun just below horizon. [•] Forward scattering of solar far-UV provides sensitive method to detect small grains. [•] Upper limits at least two orders of magnitude smaller than Apollo 15 dust estimate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - EXOSPHERE
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - RECONNAISSANCE aircraft
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - Atmospheres, evolution
KW  - Moon
KW  - Ultraviolet observations
N1  - Accession Number: 94964001; Feldman, Paul D. 1; Email Address: pdf@pha.jhu.edu Glenar, David A. 2,3 Stubbs, Timothy J. 3,4 Retherford, Kurt D. 5 Randall Gladstone, G. 5 Miles, Paul F. 5 Greathouse, Thomas K. 5 Kaufmann, David E. 6 Parker, Joel Wm. 6 Alan Stern, S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  2: Center for Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  3: NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, P.O. Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228-0510, USA  6: Southwest Research Institute, Department of Space Studies, Suite 300, 1050 Walnut Street, Boulder, CO 80302-5150, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 233, p106; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: EXOSPHERE; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: RECONNAISSANCE aircraft; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.01.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina M.
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Pendleton, Yvonne J.
T1  - Aromatic and aliphatic organic materials on Iapetus: Analysis of Cassini VIMS data.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 233
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
EP  - 315
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Highlights: [•] We extract the spectral signature of organics on Iapetus. [•] The organic signature is analyzed with Gaussian fitting. [•] We confirm the presence of aliphatic and aromatic organics. [•] The ratio of aromatics to aliphatics is calculated. [•] The ratio of CH2 to CH3 functional groups is derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AROMATIC compounds
KW  - ALIPHATIC compounds
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - FUNCTIONAL groups
KW  - METHANE
KW  - IAPETUS (Satellite)
KW  - Iapetus
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Satellites, composition
KW  - Saturn, satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 94964017; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: dale.p.cruikshank@nasa.gov Dalle Ore, Cristina M. 1,2 Clark, Roger N. 3 Pendleton, Yvonne J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  3: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, United States; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 233, p306; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Subject Term: ALIPHATIC compounds; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL groups; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: IAPETUS (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Iapetus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.02.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Brown, D.W.
AU  - Vogel, S.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - Thermomechanical cycling of a NiTi shape memory alloy-macroscopic response and microstructural evolution.
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 56
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 118
SN  - 07496419
AB  - Highlights: [•] The effect of pre-straining on the thermomechanical cyclic response was highlighted. [•] Texture of the martensite phase evolved marginally with initial thermomechanical cycling. [•] Broadening of the peak shape profiles was observed in the austenite with increasing cycles. [•] Increased cycling (>10 cycles) resulted in no observable texture evolution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical properties
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - AUSTENITE
KW  - MATERIALS -- Texture
KW  - A. Microstructures
KW  - A. Phase transformation
KW  - A. Twinning
KW  - B. Polycrystalline material
KW  - C. Mechanical testing
N1  - Accession Number: 94906749; Benafan, O. 1,2; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Noebe, R.D. 2 Padula, S.A. 2 Brown, D.W. 3 Vogel, S. 3 Vaidyanathan, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center (AMPAC), Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Lujan Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 56, p99; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical properties; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Subject Term: AUSTENITE; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Texture; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Microstructures; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Twinning; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Polycrystalline material; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Mechanical testing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.01.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94906749&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Przekop, Adam
AU  - Jegley, Dawn C.
T1  - Evaluation of a Metallic Repair on a Rod-Stiffened Composite Panel.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 792
EP  - 804
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A design and analysis of a repair concept applicable to a stiffened composite panel based on the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure was recently completed. The damage scenario considered was a midbay-to-midbay saw-cut with a severed stiffener, flange, and skin. Advanced modeling techniques such as mesh-independent definition of compliant fasteners and elastic-plastic material properties for metal parts were used in the finite-element analysis supporting the design effort A bolted metallic repair was selected so that it could be easily applied in the operational environment The present work describes results obtained from a tension panel test conducted to validate both the repair concept and finite-element analysis techniques used in the design effort The test proved that the proposed repair concept is capable of sustaining load levels that are higher than those resulting from the current working stress allowables. This conclusion enables upward revision of the stress allowables that had been kept at an overly conservative level due to concerns associated with repairability of the panels. Correlation of test data with finite-element analysis results is also presented and assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - COMPOSITE plates
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - WORKING stress (Machinery)
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - MAINTENANCE & repair
N1  - Accession Number: 96976264; Przekop, Adam 1,2 Jegley, Dawn C. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, Mail Stop 190; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p792; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE plates; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: WORKING stress (Machinery); Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: MAINTENANCE & repair; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032461
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96976264&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amtzen, Michael
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Vissei, Hendrikus G.
AU  - Simons, Dick G.
T1  - Framework for Simulating Aircraft Flyover Noise Through Nonstandard Atmospheres.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 956
EP  - 966
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes a new framework for the synthesis of aircraft flyover noise through a nonstandard atmosphere. Central to the framework is a ray-tracing algorithm that defines multiple curved propagation paths, if the atmosphere allows, between the moving source and listener. Because each path has a different emission angle, synthesis of the sound at the source must be performed independently for each path. The time delay, spreading loss, and absorption (ground and atmosphere) are integrated along each path and applied to each synthesized aircraft noise source to simulate a flyover. A final step assigns each resulting signal to its corresponding receiver angle for the simulation of a flyover in a virtual reality environment. Spectrograms of the results from a straight path and a curved path modeling assumption are shown. When the aircraft is at close range, the straight path results are valid. Differences appear especially when the source is relatively far away at shallow elevation angles. These differences, however, are not significant in common sound metrics. Although the framework used in this work performs off-line processing, it is conducive to real-time implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANE sounds
KW  - RAY tracing algorithms
KW  - VIRTUAL reality
N1  - Accession Number: 96976280; Amtzen, Michael 1 Rizzi, Stephen A. 2 Vissei, Hendrikus G. 3 Simons, Dick G. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aerospace Laboratory, 1059 CM Amsterdam, Netherlands  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Delft University of Technology, 2600 AA Delft, Netherlands; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p956; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANE sounds; Subject Term: RAY tracing algorithms; Subject Term: VIRTUAL reality; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032049
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Michael A.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Campbell, Richard L.
AU  - Carter, Melissa B.
AU  - Cliff, Susan E.
AU  - Bangert, Linda S.
T1  - Summary of the 2008 NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 987
EP  - 1001
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Supersonics Project of the NASA Fundamental Aeronautics Program organized an internal sonic boom workshop to evaluate near-field sonic-boom prediction capability at the Fundamental Aeronautics Annual Meeting in Atlanta, Georgia, on 8 October 2008. Workshop participants computed sonic-boom signatures for three nonlifting bodies and two lifting configurations. Cone-cylinder, parabolic, and quartic bodies of revolution comprised the nonlifting cases. The lifting configurations were a simple 69 deg delta-wing-body and a complete low-boom transport configuration designed during the High Speed Research Project in the 1990s with wing, body, tail, nacelle, and boundary-layer diverter components. The AIRPLANE, Cart3D, FUN3D, and USM3D flow solvers were employed with the ANET signature propagation tool, output-based adaptation, and a priori adaptation based on freestream Mach number and angle of attack. Results were presented orally at the workshop. This article documents the workshop and results and provides context on previously available and recently developed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DELTA wing airplanes
KW  - MACH number
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS & state -- United States
KW  - ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 96976283; Park, Michael A. 1 Aftosmis, Michael J. 2 Campbell, Richard L. 1 Carter, Melissa B. 1 Cliff, Susan E. 2 Bangert, Linda S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p987; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DELTA wing airplanes; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS & state -- United States; Subject Term: ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032589
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96976283&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeGuzman, Veronica
AU  - Vercoutere, Wenonah
AU  - Shenasa, Hossein
AU  - Deamer, David
T1  - Generation of Oligonucleotides Under Hydrothermal Conditions by Non-enzymatic Polymerization.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Evolution
JF  - Journal of Molecular Evolution
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 78
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 262
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222844
AB  - We previously reported that 5′-mononucleotides organized within a multilamellar lipid matrix can produce oligomers in the anhydrous phase of hydration-dehydration (HD) cycles. However, hydrolysis of oligomers can occur during hydration, and it is important to better understand the steady state in which ester bond synthesis is balanced by hydrolysis. In order to study condensation products of mononucleotides and hydrolysis of their polymers, we established a simulation of HD cycles that would occur on the early Earth when volcanic land masses emerged from the ocean over 4 billion years ago. At this stage on early Earth, precipitation produced hydrothermal fields characterized by small aqueous pools undergoing evaporation and refilling at elevated temperatures. Here, we confirm that under these conditions, the chemical potential made available by cycles of hydration and dehydration is sufficient to drive synthesis of ester bonds. If 5′-mononucleotides are in solution at millimolar concentrations, then oligomers resembling RNA are synthesized and exist in a steady state with their monomers. Furthermore, if the mononucleotides can form complementary base pairs, then some of the products have properties suggesting that secondary structures are present, including duplex species stabilized by hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Evolution is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OLIGONUCLEOTIDES -- Synthesis
KW  - CONDENSATION reactions
KW  - RNA -- Analysis
KW  - HYDROLYSIS
KW  - PREBIOTICS
KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - Condensation reactions
KW  - Hydrolysis
KW  - Organizing matrix
KW  - Prebiotic chemistry
KW  - RNA
N1  - Accession Number: 96227562; DeGuzman, Veronica 1 Vercoutere, Wenonah 1 Shenasa, Hossein 2 Deamer, David 2; Email Address: deamer@soe.ucsc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Studies Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  2: Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064 USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 78 Issue 5, p251; Subject Term: OLIGONUCLEOTIDES -- Synthesis; Subject Term: CONDENSATION reactions; Subject Term: RNA -- Analysis; Subject Term: HYDROLYSIS; Subject Term: PREBIOTICS; Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condensation reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organizing matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00239-014-9623-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96227562&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Chenxi
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Dessler, Andrew
AU  - Baum, Bryan A.
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Estimation of the cirrus cloud scattering phase function from satellite observations.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 138
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 49
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Abstract: Optical and microphysical properties for optically thin ice clouds are retrieved from one year of collocated Aqua/MODIS and CALIPSO/CALIOP measurements in 2008. The values of optical thickness τ and effective particle size D  eff  are inferred from MODIS measurements at three infrared (IR) bands located at 8.5, 11, and 12µm in conjunction with collocated CALIOP cloud boundary altitudes and the MERRA atmospheric profile datasets. The τ values inferred from MODIS IR window measurements are insensitive to the pre-assumed particle and habit distributions. Based on near-IR measurements at 1.38μm and the IR-based τ, a new method is developed to infer the scattering phase functions over both ocean and land. A comparison between theoretically calculated phase functions and the retrieved counterparts demonstrates that roughened solid columns provide the best match for cirrus clouds over ocean, whereas droxtals may exist in optically thin cirrus clouds. The best-fitted phase functions are generated using appropriate habit mixtures to match the inferred phase functions. The phase function resulting from a mixture of 55% severely roughened solid columns, 35% severely roughened droxtals, and 10% smooth aggregates almost perfectly matches the mean phase function value retrieved over ocean. The asymmetry factor based on the oceanic best-fitted phase functions is 0.778 at a wavelength of 0.65μm. However, it is difficult to find an appropriate habit recipe to fit the inferred phase function over land. This may be caused by the relatively large uncertainties associated with τ retrievals over land. The retrieval of D  eff  shows that optically thin cirrus clouds consist of smaller ice particles in comparison with optically thicker ice clouds. The mean D  eff  values of optically thin ice clouds over land and ocean are 41μm and 48μm, respectively. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - Cloud phase function
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Thin cirrus clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 95022884; Wang, Chenxi 1 Yang, Ping 1 Dessler, Andrew 1 Baum, Bryan A. 2 Hu, Yongxiang 3; Email Address: pyang@tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA  3: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 2368, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 138, p36; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud phase function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thin cirrus clouds; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.02.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95022884&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duan Huanyun
AU  - Xu Rui
AU  - Li Jianchang
AU  - Yuan Yage
AU  - Wang Qiuxia
AU  - Hadi, Nomana Intekhab
T1  - Publisher's Note: "Analysis on sustainable development countermeasures and barriers of rural household biogas in China" [J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 5, 043116 (2013)].
JO  - Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy
JF  - Journal of Renewable & Sustainable Energy
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 6
IS  - 3
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 19417012
AB  - A correction to the article on rural household biogas sustainable development countermeasures in China in the 2013 issue is presented.
KW  - BIOGAS production
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUSTAINABLE development
N1  - Accession Number: 96971847; Duan Huanyun 1; Email Address: duanhuanyun@gmail.com Xu Rui 1; Email Address: ecowatch.xr@gmail.com Li Jianchang 1; Email Address: jclee94213@yahoo.com.cn Yuan Yage 1; Email Address: yuanyage@sina.cn Wang Qiuxia 1; Email Address: 798606608@qq.com Hadi, Nomana Intekhab 2; Email Address: nomana.i.hadi@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Solar Energy Institute, College of Energy & Environment Sciences, Yannan Normal University, Kunming 650092, China  2: NASA Ames Research Center (SETI Institute Affiliation), MS 245-4, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 6 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: BIOGAS production; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUSTAINABLE development; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.1063/1.4880535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96971847&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
AU  - Korzun, Ashley M.
AU  - Dyakonov, Artem A.
AU  - Studak, Joseph W.
AU  - Kipp, Devin M.
AU  - Dupzyk, Ian C.
T1  - Development of Supersonic Retropropulsion for Future Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Systems.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 650
EP  - 663
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Recent studies have concluded that Viking-era entry system deceleration technologies are extremely difficult to scale for progressively larger payloads (tens of metric tons) required for human Mars exploration. Supersonic retropropulsion is one of a few developing technologies that may enable future human-scale Mars entry systems. However, in order to be considered as a viable technology for future missions, supersonic retropropulsion will require significant maturation beyond its current state. This paper proposes major milestones for advancing the component technologies of supersonic retropropulsion such that it can be reliably used on Mars technology demonstration missions to land larger payloads than are currently possible using Viking-based systems. The development roadmap includes technology gates that are achieved through ground-based testing and high-fidelity analysis, culminating with subscale flight testing in Earth's atmosphere that demonstrates stable and controlled flight. The component technologies requiring advancement include large engines (100s of kilonewtons of thrust) capable of throttling and gimbaling, entry vehicle aerodynamics and aerothermodynamics modeling, entry vehicle stability and control methods, reference vehicle systems engineering and analyses, and high-fidelity models for entry trajectory simulations. Finally, a notional schedule is proposed for advancing the technology from suborbital free-flight tests at Earth through larger and more complex system-level technology demonstrations and precursor missions at Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE shuttles -- Propulsion systems
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - VIKING spacecraft
KW  - SPACE shuttle payloads
KW  - PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 96678806; Edquist, Karl T. 1; Email Address: Karl.T.Edquist@nasa.gov Korzun, Ashley M. 1 Dyakonov, Artem A. 2 Studak, Joseph W. 3 Kipp, Devin M. 4 Dupzyk, Ian C. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Blue Origin, LLC, Kent, Washington 98032  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, Califomia, 91109  5: Lunexa, LLC, San Francisco, California 94105; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p650; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles -- Propulsion systems; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: VIKING spacecraft; Subject Term: SPACE shuttle payloads; Subject Term: PAYLOADS (Aerospace engineering); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32715
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678806&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berry, Scott A.
AU  - Rhode, Matthew N.
AU  - Edquist, Karl
T1  - Supersonic Retropropulsion Validation Experiment in the NASA Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 664
EP  - 679
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The development of snpersonic retropropulsion, an enabling technology for heavy payload exploration missions to Mars, is the focus of the present paper. A new experimental model, intended to provide computational fluid dynamics model validation data, was recently designed for the Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel test section 2. Pretest analyses using modern computational fluid and thermal analysis tools were instrumental for sizing and refining the model, over the Mach number range of 2.4-4.6, such that tunnel blockage and internal flow separation issues would be minimized. A 5-in.-diam 70 deg sphere-cone forebody, which accommodates up to four 4:1 area ratio nozzles, followed by a 9.55-in.-long cylindrical aftbody, was developed for this study based on the computational results. The model was designed to allow for a large number of surface pressure measurements on the forebody and afthody. Supplemental data included high-speed schlieren video and internal pressures and temperatures. The run matrix was developed to allow for the quantification of various sources of experimental uncertainty, such as random errors due to run-to-run variations and bias errors due to flowfield or model misalignments. Observations and trends from this initial test in the Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ULTRASONIC testing
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - SCHLIEREN methods (Optics)
KW  - SURFACE pressure
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing
N1  - Accession Number: 96678807; Berry, Scott A. 1 Rhode, Matthew N. 1 Edquist, Karl 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p664; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC testing; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: SCHLIEREN methods (Optics); Subject Term: SURFACE pressure; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32649
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678807&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zarchi, Kerry A.
AU  - Schauerhamer, Daniel G.
AU  - Kleb, William L.
AU  - Carlson, Jan-Renee
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
T1  - Analysis of Navier-Stokes Codes Applied to Supersonic Retropropulsion Wind-Tunnel Test.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 680
EP  - 692
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Advancement of supersonic retropropulsion as a technology will rely heavily on the ability of computational methods to accurately predict vehicle aerodynamics during atmospheric descent, where supersonic retropropulsion will be employed. A wind-tunnel test at the NASA Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel was specifically designed to aid in the support of Navier-Stokes codes for supersonic retropropulsion applications. Three computational fluid dynamics codes [data parallel line relaxation, fully unstructured Navier-Stokes three-dimensional, and overset grid flow solver] were exercised for multiple nozzle configurations for a range of freestream Mach numbers and nozzle thrust coefficients. The computational fluid dynamics pretest analysis of this wind-tunnel test aided in the test model design process by identifying the potential for tunnel blockage or unstart, of liquefaction within the plume, and of separation occurring at the internal fingers of the nozzles. This analysis led to a reduced model diameter, heating of the plenum, and reducing the nozzle area ratio, and the requirement to radius the corners at the fingers, to counter these potentials, respectively. Comparisons to test data were used to determine the existing capability of the codes to accurately model this complex flow, identify modeling shortcomings, and gain insight into the computational requirements necessary for correctly computing these flows. All three codes predict similar surface pressure coefficients and flowfield structures, such as jet termination shock, interface, bow shocks, and recirculation regions. However, the codes differ on the level of unsteadiness predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SUPERSONIC nozzles
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing
N1  - Accession Number: 96678808; Zarchi, Kerry A. 1 Schauerhamer, Daniel G. 2 Kleb, William L. 3 Carlson, Jan-Renee 3 Edquist, Karl T. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Jacobs Technology, Inc., Houston, Texas 77058  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p680; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC nozzles; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32744
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678808&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schauerhamer, Daniel Guy
AU  - Zarchi, Kerry A.
AU  - Kleb, William L.
AU  - Carlson, Jan-Reneé
AU  - Edquist, Karl. T.
T1  - Supersonic Retropropulsion Computational Fluid Dynamics Validation with Langley 4x4 Foot Test Data.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 693
EP  - 714
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Validation of computational fluid dynamics for supersonic retropropulsion is shown through the comparison of three Navier-Stokes solvers and wind-tunnel test results. The test was designed specifically for computational fluid dynamics validation and was conducted in the NASA Langley Research Center supersonic 4x4 foot Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. The test includes variations in the number of nozzles, Mach and Reynolds numbers, thrust coefficient, and angles of orientation. Code-to-code and code-to-test comparisons are encouraging, and possible error sources are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - SUPERSONIC nozzles
KW  - MACH number
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing
N1  - Accession Number: 96678809; Schauerhamer, Daniel Guy 1 Zarchi, Kerry A. 2 Kleb, William L. 3 Carlson, Jan-Reneé 3 Edquist, Karl. T. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p693; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC nozzles; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32693
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678809&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Codoni, Joshua R.
AU  - Berry, Scott A.
T1  - Supersonic Retropropulsion Dynamic Data Analysis from NASA Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 715
EP  - 723
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A supersonic retropropulsion experiment was recently conducted at NASA Langley Research Center's Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel, test section 2, for a range of Mach numbers from 2.4 to 4.6. A 5-in.-diam 70 deg sphere-cone forebody with a 9.55 in. cylindrical aftbody section was the experimental model used, which is capable of multiple retrorocket configurations. These configurations include a single central nozzle on the center point of the forebody, three nozzles at the forebody half-radius, and a combination of the first two configurations. A series of measurements were achieved through various instrumentation, including forebody and aftbody surface pressures, internal pressures and temperatures, and high-speed schlieren visualization. Several high-speed pressure transducers on the forebody and in the plenum were implemented to look at unsteady flow effects. The following work focuses on analyzing frequency traits due to the unsteady flow for a range of thrust coefficients for single-, tri-, and quadnozzle test cases at a freestream Mach number of 4.6 and an angle of attack ranging from 0 to -20 deg. This analysis uses MATLAB®'s fast Fourier transform, Welch's method (modified average of a periodogram), to create a power spectral density and analyze any high-speed pressure transducer frequency traits due to the unsteady flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - SUPERSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - SCHLIEREN methods (Optics)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 96678810; Codoni, Joshua R. 1 Berry, Scott A. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p715; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: SCHLIEREN methods (Optics); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32619
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678810&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berry, Scott A.
AU  - Rhode, Matthew N.
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
T1  - Supersonic Retropropulsion Experimental Results from NASA Ames 9x7 Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 724
EP  - 734
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Supersonic retropropulsion was experimentally examined in the Ames Research Center 9x7 Foot Supersonic Wind Tunnel at Mach 1.8 and 2.4. The model, previously designed for and tested in the Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel at Mach 2.4,3.5, and 4.6, was a 5-in.-diam 70 deg sphere-cone forebody with a 9.55-in.-long cylindrical aftbody. The forebody was designed to accommodate up to four 4:1 area ratio nozzles, one on the model centerline and the other three on the half-radins spaced 120 deg apart. Surface pressure and flow visualization were the primary measurements. Including high-speed data to investigate the dynamics of the interactions between the bow and nozzle shocks. Three blowing configurations were tested with thrust coefficients np to 10 and angles of attack up to 20 deg. Results and observations from the test are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SUPERSONIC nozzles
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 96678811; Berry, Scott A. 1 Rhode, Matthew N. 1 Edquist, Karl T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p724; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC nozzles; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing; Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32650
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678811&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schauerhamer, Daniel Guy
AU  - Zarchi, Kerry A.
AU  - Kleb, William L.
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
T1  - Supersonic Retropropulsion Computational-Fluid-Dynamics Validation with Ames 9x7 Foot Test Data.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 735
EP  - 749
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A validation study of computational fluid dynamics for supersonic retropropulsion was conducted using three Navier-Stokes flow solvers. The study compared results from the computational-fluid-dynamics codes to each other and to wind-tunnel test data obtained in the NASA Ames Research Center 9 x 7 ft Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. Comparisons include surface pressure coefficient as well as unsteady plume effects and cover a range of Mach numbers, levels of thrust, and angles of orientation for zero-, one-, three-, and four-nozzle configurations. Flow-structure behavior changed with thrust and angle of orientation for all nozzle configurations. In general, the solvers compared best with the test data for the steadier cases of the one-nozzle and high-thrust three-nozzle configurations. Deviation in surface pressure was noted for the more unsteady cases and near transitions in behavioral modes. Strengths and weaknesses of the solvers are identified, and possible error sources are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - SUPERSONIC wind tunnels
KW  - SUPERSONIC nozzles
KW  - THRUST -- Aerodynamics
KW  - AMES Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 96678812; Schauerhamer, Daniel Guy 1 Zarchi, Kerry A. 2 Kleb, William L. 3 Edquist, Karl T. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p735; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems -- Testing; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC wind tunnels; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC nozzles; Subject Term: THRUST -- Aerodynamics; Company/Entity: AMES Research Center; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32694
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678812&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yih-Kanq Chen
AU  - Gökçen, Tahir
T1  - Implicit Coupling Approach for Simulation of Charring Carbon Ablators.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 779
EP  - 788
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This study demonstrates that coupling of a material thermal response code and a flow solver with nonequilibrium gas-surface interaction for simulation of charring carbon ablators can be performed using an implicit approach. The material thermal response code used in this study is the three-dimensional version of fully implicit ablation and thermal response program, which predicts charring material thermal response and shape change on hypersonic space vehicles. The flow code solves the reacting Navier-Stokes equations using data-parallel line relaxation method. Coupling between the material response and flow codes is performed by solving the surface mass balance in the flow solver and the surface energy balance in the material response code. Thus, the material surface recession is predicted in the flow code, and the surface temperature and pyrolysis gas injection rate are computed in the material response code. It is demonstrated that the time-lagged explicit approach is sufficient for simulations at low surface heating conditions, in which the surface ablation rate is not a strong function of the surface temperature. At elevated surface heating conditions, the implicit approach has to be taken because the carbon ablation rate becomes a stiff function of the surface temperature, and thus the explicit approach appears to be inappropriate, resulting in severe numerical oscillations of predicted surface temperature. Implicit coupling for simulation of arc-jet models is performed, and the predictions are compared with measured data. Implicit coupling for trajectory-based simulation of Stardust forebody heat shield is also conducted. The predicted stagnation point total recession is compared with that predicted using the chemical equilibrium surface assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COUPLING reactions (Chemistry)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - ARC-jet rocket engines
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - STARDUST/NEXT (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 96678815; Yih-Kanq Chen 1 Gökçen, Tahir 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p779; Subject Term: COUPLING reactions (Chemistry); Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: ARC-jet rocket engines; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Company/Entity: STARDUST/NEXT (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32753
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678815&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Bruce III, Walter E.
AU  - Mesick, Nathaniel J.
AU  - Sutton, Kenneth
T1  - Methodology for Flight-Relevant Arc-Jet Testing of Flexible Thermal Protection Systems.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/05//May/Jun2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 789
EP  - 800
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A methodology to correlate flight aeroheating environments to the arc-jet environment is presented. For a desired hot-wall flight beating rate, the methodology provides the arc-jet bulk enthalpy for the corresponding cold-wall heating rate. A series of analyses were conducted to examine the effects of the test sample model holder geometry to the overall performance of the test sample. The analyses were compared with arc-jet test samples, and challenges and issues are presented. The transient flight environment was calculated for the Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator Earth Atmospheric Reentry Test vehicle, which is a planned demonstration vehicle using a large inflatable, flexible thermal protection system to reenter the Earth's atmosphere from the International Space Station. A series of correlations were developed to define the relevant arc-jet test environment to properly approximate the vehicle flight environment. The computed arc-jet environments were compared with the measured arc-jet values to define the uncertainty of the correlated environment. The results show that, for a given flight surface heat flux and a fully catalytic thermal protection system, the flight-relevant arc-jet heat flux increases with the arc-jet bulk enthalpy, while for a noncatalytic thermal protection system, the arc-jet heat flux decreases with the bulk enthalpy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AEROTHERMODYNAMICS
KW  - THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles)
KW  - ARC-jet rocket engines
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite re-entry
KW  - ENTHALPY
N1  - Accession Number: 96678816; Mazaheri, Alireza 1; Email Address: Ali.R.Mazaheri@nasa.gov Bruce III, Walter E. 1 Mesick, Nathaniel J. 2 Sutton, Kenneth 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Science System and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: May/Jun2014, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p789; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROTHERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: THERMAL protective tiles (Space shuttles); Subject Term: ARC-jet rocket engines; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC entry of space vehicles; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Shielding (Heat); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite re-entry; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32721
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96678816&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johansen, Craig
AU  - McRae, Colin
AU  - Danehy, Paul
AU  - Gallo, Emanuela
AU  - Cantu, Luca
AU  - Magnotti, Gaetano
AU  - Cutler, Andrew
AU  - Rockwell, Robert
AU  - Goyne, Chris
AU  - McDaniel, James
T1  - OH PLIF visualization of the UVa supersonic combustion experiment: configuration A.
JO  - Journal of Visualization
JF  - Journal of Visualization
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 141
SN  - 13438875
AB  - Hydroxyl radical (OH) planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) visualizations were performed in the University of Virginia supersonic combustion experiment. The test section was set up in configuration A, which includes a Mach 2 nozzle, combustor, and extender section. Hydrogen fuel was injected through an unswept compression ramp at two different equivalence ratios. Through the translation of the optical system and the use of two separate camera views, the entire optically accessible range of the combustor was imaged. Single-shot, average, and standard deviation images of the OH PLIF signal are presented at several streamwise locations. The results show the development of a highly turbulent flame structure and provide an experimental database to be used for numerical model assessment. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Visualization is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Flow visualization
KW  - Planar laser-induced fluorescence
KW  - Supersonic combustion
N1  - Accession Number: 95562626; Johansen, Craig 1; Email Address: johansen@ucalgary.ca McRae, Colin 1; Email Address: mcraec@ucalgary.ca Danehy, Paul 2 Gallo, Emanuela 3 Cantu, Luca 3 Magnotti, Gaetano 3 Cutler, Andrew 3 Rockwell, Robert 4 Goyne, Chris 4 McDaniel, James 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Calgary, Calgary Canada  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  3: The George Washington University, Newport News USA  4: University of Virginia, Charlottesville USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p131; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planar laser-induced fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic combustion; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s12650-014-0197-2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95562626&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGillivray, Duncan A.
AU  - Cravey, Robin L.
AU  - Dudley, Kenneth L.
AU  - Vedeler, Erik
AU  - Gupta, Mool C.
T1  - Polarization properties of a one dimensional metamaterial lens.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 56
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1218
EP  - 1222
SN  - 08952477
AB  - ABSTRACT The control of microwave (MW) radiation transmission through the polarization state of the incident beam is the basis for many applications in sensors and optics. Altering the polarization state of electromagnetic radiation by transmission through a metamaterial (MTM) lens could lead to novel devices and sensors. The polarization properties of 1D split ring resonator and rod type MTM structures were investigated and compared to a previously reported corresponding 2D MTM lens. Unlike the 2D lens, the 1D MTM did not contribute to a change in polarization state of transmitted MWs. The transmission response, however, was found to be determined by the coupling mechanisms between the MTMs constituent elements and orientation of the incident MW polarization. For the 1D lens, changing incident polarization from alignment parallel to the MTMs rod elements to alignment perpendicular to the rods, at resonance frequency, changes the effective index of refraction from net negative to positive. For a MTM structure, facing perpendicular to the incident radiation, the effective electromagnetic properties change from negative permittivity and positive permeability (for polarization parallel to the rod elements) to positive permittivity and negative permeability (for polarization perpendicular to the rod elements). © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1218-1222, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - METAMATERIALS
KW  - OPTICAL sensors
KW  - REFRACTIVE index
KW  - PERMITTIVITY
KW  - TRANSMISSION of light
KW  - metamaterials
KW  - polarization
KW  - sensors
KW  - split ring resonators
KW  - transmission
N1  - Accession Number: 94857700; McGillivray, Duncan A. 1 Cravey, Robin L. 2 Dudley, Kenneth L. 2 Vedeler, Erik 2 Gupta, Mool C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia  2: Electromagnetics and Sensors Branch, NASA-Langley Research Center; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p1218; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC radiation; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: METAMATERIALS; Subject Term: OPTICAL sensors; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; Subject Term: PERMITTIVITY; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION of light; Author-Supplied Keyword: metamaterials; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: split ring resonators; Author-Supplied Keyword: transmission; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.28309
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=94857700&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Som, Sanjoy M.
T1  - Planetary science: Into thin martian air.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 330
SN  - 17520894
AB  - The article offers information on the presence of dense atmosphere and atmospheric pressure in planet Mars. Topics discussed include the cold and low air pressure in the planet's surface, hydrous minerals which could be found in the planet, and the impact of air pressure on the formation of craters in Mars.
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Physiological effect
KW  - AIR pressure
KW  - LOWS (Meteorology)
KW  - HYDROUS
KW  - MARTIAN craters
N1  - Accession Number: 102364838; Som, Sanjoy M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Exobiology Branch and the Flight Systems Implementation Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p329; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: AIR pressure; Subject Term: LOWS (Meteorology); Subject Term: HYDROUS; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo2145
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102364838&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, B. C.
AU  - Huang, W.
AU  - Tao, L.
AU  - Yamamoto, N.
AU  - Gallimore, A. D.
AU  - Yalin, A. P.
T1  - A cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensor for real-time Hall thruster erosion measurements.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 85
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - A continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy sensor for real-time measurements of sputtered boron from Hall thrusters has been developed. The sensor uses a continuous-wave frequency-quadrupled diode laser at 250 nm to probe ground state atomic boron sputtered from the boron nitride insulating channel. Validation results from a controlled setup using an ion beam and target showed good agreement with a simple finite-element model. Application of the sensor for measurements of two Hall thrusters, the H6 and SPT-70, is described. The H6 was tested at power levels ranging from 1.5 to 10 kW. Peak boron densities of 10 ± 2 x 1014 m-3 were measured in the thruster plume, and the estimated eroded channel volume agreed within a factor of 2 of profilometry. The SPT-70 was tested at 600 and 660 W, yielding peak boron densities of 7.2 ± 1.1 x 1014 m-3, and the estimated erosion rate agreed within ~20% of profilometry. Technical challenges associated with operating a high-finesse cavity in the presence of energetic plasma are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CAVITY-ringdown spectroscopy
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BORON
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - SPUTTERING (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 96335832; Lee, B. C. 1 Huang, W. 2 Tao, L. 3 Yamamoto, N. 3 Gallimore, A. D. 4 Yalin, A. P. 3; Email Address: ayalin@engr.colostate.edu; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 2100 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: Mechanical Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA  4: Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 85 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: CAVITY-ringdown spectroscopy; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BORON; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Subject Term: SPUTTERING (Physics); Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4879135
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96335832&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freeman, Jon C.
T1  - Self-heating in semiconductors: A comparative study.
JO  - Solid-State Electronics
JF  - Solid-State Electronics
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 95
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 14
SN  - 00381101
AB  - Highlights: [•] A new expression for the source term in the heat conduction equation is developed. [•] The heat source term for bipolar semiconductors is developed from thermoelectrics. [•] The expression is appropriate for steady-state numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solid-State Electronics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEATING
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - HEAT conduction
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - Bipolar semiconductor
KW  - Heat generation
KW  - Numerical simulation
KW  - Thermoelectric
N1  - Accession Number: 95827417; Freeman, Jon C. 1; Email Address: freem231@umn.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 95, p8; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: HEAT conduction; Subject Term: HEAT equation; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bipolar semiconductor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat generation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.sse.2014.02.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95827417&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pate, David
AU  - Gray, Justin
AU  - German, Brian
T1  - A graph theoretic approach to problem formulation for multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization.
JO  - Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization
JF  - Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 743
EP  - 760
SN  - 1615147X
AB  - The formulation of multidisciplinary design, analysis, and optimization (MDAO) problems has become increasingly complex as the number of analysis tools and design variables included in typical studies has grown. This growth in the scale and scope of MDAO problems has been motivated by the need to incorporate additional disciplines and to expand the parametric design space to enable the exploration of unconventional design concepts. In this context, given a large set of disciplinary analysis tools, the problem of determining a feasible data flow between tools to produce a specified set of system-level outputs is combinatorially challenging. The difficulty is compounded in multi-fidelity problems, which are of increasing interest to the MDAO community. In this paper, we propose an approach for addressing this problem based on the formalism of graph theory. The approach begins by constructing the maximal connectivity graph (MCG) describing all possible interconnections between a set of analysis tools. Graph operations are then conducted to reduce the MCG to a fundamental problem graph (FPG) that describes the connectivity of analysis tools needed to solve a specified system-level design problem. The FPG does not predispose a particular solution procedure; any relevant MDO solution architecture could be selected to implement the optimization. Finally, the solution architecture can be represented in a problem solution graph (PSG). The graph approach is applied to an example problem based on a commercial aircraft MDAO study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBINATORIAL optimization
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization
KW  - FORMALISM (Art)
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - GRAPH theory
KW  - ARCHITECTURE
KW  - Graph theory
KW  - Multidisciplinary design optimization
KW  - Problem formulation
N1  - Accession Number: 95800640; Pate, David 1 Gray, Justin 2 German, Brian 1; Email Address: brian.german@aerospace.gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 270 Ferst Drive Atlanta 30332 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Mail Stop 5-11, 21000 Brookpark Rd Clevland 44135 USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p743; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL optimization; Subject Term: MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization; Subject Term: FORMALISM (Art); Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: GRAPH theory; Subject Term: ARCHITECTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graph theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multidisciplinary design optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Problem formulation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423390 Other Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00158-013-1006-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
T1  - Loss of a CH fragment from pyrene and circumcoronene.
JO  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
JF  - Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling
Y1  - 2014/05//
VL  - 133
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 1432881X
AB  - Reactions at the edge of pyrene and circumcoronene are studied using the B3LYP approach in conjunction with the 4-31G and 6-31G** basis sets. The loss of a CH fragment from the edge of either molecule requires more than 7 eV, which is much larger than for the loss of an H atom. Some paths can be broken down into a series of less energetic steps, but this does not change the overall endothermicity of the process. The exception is a path where a hydrogen atom adds to pyrene or circumcoronene. The resulting molecule rearranges to have a $$\hbox {C}_2\hbox {H}_2$$ side group, which is subsequently lost. This process has an overall endothermicity of only about 2.5 eV. This path is actually less endothermic than the loss of an H atom from the same species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, & Modeling is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYRENE (Chemical)
KW  - BENZENE
KW  - CARBON-hydrogen bonds (Chemistry)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - SET theory
KW  - DFT
KW  - Loss of CH
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
N1  - Accession Number: 95563471; Bauschlicher, Charles 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Ricca, Alessandra 2; Affiliation:  1: Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100 Mountain View 94043 USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 133 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: PYRENE (Chemical); Subject Term: BENZENE; Subject Term: CARBON-hydrogen bonds (Chemistry); Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: SET theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Loss of CH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00214-014-1479-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Croll, Bryce
AU  - Rappaport, Saul
AU  - DeVore, John
AU  - Gilliland, Ronald L.
AU  - Crepp, Justin R.
AU  - Howard, Andrew W.
AU  - Star, Kimberly M.
AU  - Chiang, Eugene
AU  - Levine, Alan M.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Albert, Loic
AU  - Bonomo, Aldo S.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
T1  - MULTIWAVELENGTH OBSERVATIONS OF THE CANDIDATE DISINTEGRATING SUB-MERCURY KIC 12557548B.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/05/10/
VL  - 786
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 115
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present multiwavelength photometry, high angular resolution imaging, and radial velocities of the unique and confounding disintegrating low-mass planet candidate KIC 12557548b. Our high angular resolution imaging, which includes space-based Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (HST/WFC3) observations in the optical (∼0.53 μm and ∼0.77 μm), and ground-based Keck/NIRC2 observations in K′ band (∼2.12 μm), allow us to rule out background and foreground candidates at angular separations greater than 0.″2 that are bright enough to be responsible for the transits we associate with KIC 12557548. Our radial velocity limit from Keck/HIRES allows us to rule out bound, low-mass stellar companions (∼0.2 M☼) to KIC 12557548 on orbits less than 10 yr, as well as placing an upper limit on the mass of the candidate planet of 1.2 Jupiter masses; therefore, the combination of our radial velocities, high angular resolution imaging, and photometry are able to rule out most false positive interpretations of the transits. Our precise multiwavelength photometry includes two simultaneous detections of the transit of KIC 12557548b using Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope/Wide-field InfraRed Camera (CFHT/WIRCam) at 2.15 μm and the Kepler space telescope at 0.6 μm, as well as simultaneous null-detections of the transit by Kepler and HST/WFC3 at 1.4 μm. Our simultaneous HST/WFC3 and Kepler null-detections provide no evidence for radically different transit depths at these wavelengths. Our simultaneous CFHT/WIRCam detections in the near-infrared and with Kepler in the optical reveal very similar transit depths (the average ratio of the transit depths at ∼2.15 μm compared with ∼0.6 μm is: 1.02 ± 0.20). This suggests that if the transits we observe are due to scattering from single-size particles streaming from the planet in a comet-like tail, then the particles must be ∼0.5 μm in radius or larger, which would favor that KIC 12557548b is a sub-Mercury rather than super-Mercury mass planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - STELLAR photometry
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - PLANETS -- Masses
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - PARTICLE physics
N1  - Accession Number: 95755769; Croll, Bryce 1,2; Email Address: croll@space.mit.edu Rappaport, Saul 1 DeVore, John 3 Gilliland, Ronald L. 4 Crepp, Justin R. 5 Howard, Andrew W. 6 Star, Kimberly M. 4 Chiang, Eugene 7 Levine, Alan M. 1 Jenkins, Jon M. 8 Albert, Loic 9 Bonomo, Aldo S. 10 Fortney, Jonathan J. 11 Isaacson, Howard 12; Affiliation:  1: Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: NASA Sagan Fellow.  3: Visidyne, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA 93105, USA  4: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  6: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  7: Departments of Astronomy and of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Hearst Field Annex B-20, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  8: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Département de physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  10: INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  11: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  12: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: 5/10/2014, Vol. 786 Issue 2, p100; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: STELLAR photometry; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Masses; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: PARTICLE physics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/786/2/100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tian, H.
AU  - DeLuca, E.
AU  - Reeves, K. K.
AU  - McKillop, S.
AU  - Pontieu, B. De
AU  - Martínez-Sykora, J.
AU  - Carlsson, M.
AU  - Hansteen, V.
AU  - Kleint, L.
AU  - Cheung, M.
AU  - Golub, L.
AU  - Saar, S.
AU  - Testa, P.
AU  - Weber, M.
AU  - Lemen, J.
AU  - Title, A.
AU  - Boerner, P.
AU  - Hurlburt, N.
AU  - Tarbell, T. D.
AU  - Wuelser, J. P.
T1  - HIGH-RESOLUTION OBSERVATIONS OF THE SHOCK WAVE BEHAVIOR FOR SUNSPOT OSCILLATIONS WITH THE INTERFACE REGION IMAGING SPECTROGRAPH.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/05/10/
VL  - 786
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 145
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the first results of sunspot oscillations from observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph. The strongly nonlinear oscillation is identified in both the slit-jaw images and the spectra of several emission lines formed in the transition region and chromosphere. We first apply a single Gaussian fit to the profiles of the Mg II 2796.35 Å, C II 1335.71 Å, and Si IV 1393.76 Å lines in the sunspot. The intensity change is ∼30%. The Doppler shift oscillation reveals a sawtooth pattern with an amplitude of ∼10 km s–1 in Si IV. The Si IV oscillation lags those of C II and Mg II by ∼6 and ∼25 s, respectively. The line width suddenly increases as the Doppler shift changes from redshift to blueshift. However, we demonstrate that this increase is caused by the superposition of two emission components. We then perform detailed analysis of the line profiles at a few selected locations on the slit. The temporal evolution of the line core is dominated by the following behavior: a rapid excursion to the blue side, accompanied by an intensity increase, followed by a linear decrease of the velocity to the red side. The maximum intensity slightly lags the maximum blueshift in Si IV, whereas the intensity enhancement slightly precedes the maximum blueshift in Mg II. We find a positive correlation between the maximum velocity and deceleration, a result that is consistent with numerical simulations of upward propagating magnetoacoustic shock waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUNSPOTS
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - MAGNETOACOUSTICS
KW  - SOLAR chromosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 95755800; Tian, H. 1; Email Address: hui.tian@cfa.harvard.edu DeLuca, E. 1 Reeves, K. K. 1 McKillop, S. 1 Pontieu, B. De 2 Martínez-Sykora, J. 2,3 Carlsson, M. 4 Hansteen, V. 4 Kleint, L. 2,3,5 Cheung, M. 2 Golub, L. 1 Saar, S. 1 Testa, P. 1 Weber, M. 1 Lemen, J. 2 Title, A. 2 Boerner, P. 2 Hurlburt, N. 2 Tarbell, T. D. 2 Wuelser, J. P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover Street, Org. ADBS, Bldg. 252, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 1st St West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  4: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029, Blindern, NO-0315 Oslo, Norway  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: 5/10/2014, Vol. 786 Issue 2, p137; Subject Term: SUNSPOTS; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: MAGNETOACOUSTICS; Subject Term: SOLAR chromosphere; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/786/2/137
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abe, K.
AU  - Fuke, H.
AU  - Haino, S.
AU  - Hams, T.
AU  - Hasegawa, M.
AU  - Horikoshi, A.
AU  - Itazaki, A.
AU  - Kim, K.C.
AU  - Kumazawa, T.
AU  - Kusumoto, A.
AU  - Lee, M.H.
AU  - Makida, Y.
AU  - Matsuda, S.
AU  - Matsukawa, Y.
AU  - Matsumoto, K.
AU  - Mitchell, J.W.
AU  - Moiseev, A.A.
AU  - Nishimura, J.
AU  - Nozaki, M.
AU  - Orito, R.
T1  - Time variations of cosmic-ray helium isotopes with BESS-Polar I.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2014/05/15/
VL  - 53
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1426
EP  - 1431
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Abstract: The Balloon-borne Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer (BESS) is configured with a solenoidal superconducting magnet and a suite of precision particle detectors, including time-of-flight hodoscopes based on plastic scintillators, a silica-aerogel Cherenkov detector, and a high resolution tracking system with a central jet-type drift chamber. The charges of incident particles are determined from energy losses in the scintillators. Their magnetic rigidities (momentum/charge) are measured by reconstructing each particle trajectory in the magnetic field, and their velocities are obtained by using the time-of-flight system. Together, these measurements can accurately identify helium isotopes among the incoming cosmic-ray helium nuclei up to energies in the GeV per nucleon region. The BESS-Polar I instrument flew for 8.5days over Antarctica from December 13th to December 21st, 2004. Its long-duration flight and large geometric acceptance allow the time variations of isotopic fluxes to be studied for the first time. The time variations of helium isotope fluxes are presented here for rigidities from 1.2 to 2.5GV and results are compared to previously reported proton data and neutron monitor data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - HELIUM isotopes
KW  - SOLENOIDS
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTING magnets
KW  - PARTICLE detectors
KW  - TIME-of-flight spectrometry
KW  - Cosmic-ray flux time variations
KW  - Cosmic-ray isotopes
KW  - Solar activity
KW  - Solar modulation
N1  - Accession Number: 95622755; Abe, K. 1 Fuke, H. 2 Haino, S. 3 Hams, T. 4 Hasegawa, M. 3 Horikoshi, A. 3 Itazaki, A. 1 Kim, K.C. 5 Kumazawa, T. 3 Kusumoto, A. 1 Lee, M.H. 5 Makida, Y. 3 Matsuda, S. 3 Matsukawa, Y. 1 Matsumoto, K. 3 Mitchell, J.W. 4 Moiseev, A.A. 4 Nishimura, J. 5 Nozaki, M. 3 Orito, R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan  2: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (ISAS/JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  3: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GFSC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Institute for Physical Science and Technology (IPST), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 53 Issue 10, p1426; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: HELIUM isotopes; Subject Term: SOLENOIDS; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTING magnets; Subject Term: PARTICLE detectors; Subject Term: TIME-of-flight spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray flux time variations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic-ray isotopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar modulation; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2013.09.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - Saturn ring seismology: Looking beyond first order resonances.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/05/15/
VL  - 234
M3  - Article
SP  - 194
EP  - 199
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Abstract: Some wave features found in the C-ring of Saturn appear to be excited by resonances with normal mode oscillations of the planet. The waves are found at locations in the rings where the ratio of orbital to oscillation frequencies is given by where m is a small integer. I suggest here that it is plausible that ring waves may also be launched at second order resonances where the frequency ratio would be . Indeed otherwise unassociated wave features are found at such locations in the C-ring. If confirmed the association of planetary modes with additional C-ring wave features would measure additional oscillation frequencies of Saturn and improve the utility of the waves for constraining the internal structure of the planet. Second-order resonances in general do not lie near first order ring resonance locations and thus are not the explanation for the apparent frequency splitting of modes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - WAVES (Physics)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - INTERNAL structure
KW  - Resonances, rings
KW  - Saturn
KW  - Saturn, interior
KW  - Saturn, Rings
N1  - Accession Number: 95462533; Marley, Mark S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop: 245-3, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, United States; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 234, p194; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: WAVES (Physics); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: INTERNAL structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances, rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, interior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, Rings; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.02.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sjögreen, Björn
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Vinokur, Marcel
T1  - On high order finite-difference metric discretizations satisfying GCL on moving and deforming grids.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2014/05/15/
VL  - 265
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 220
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: In this note we generalize our previous treatment of the discretizations of geometric conservation laws on steady grids (Vinokur and Yee, 2000) to general time dependent grids. The commutative property of mixed difference operators is generalized to apply to time metrics and Jacobians. Our treatment uses half the number of terms as those used in a recent paper by Abe et al. (2012). We also derive the proper temporal discretizations of both Runge–Kutta and linear multistep methods to satisfy the commutativity property for higher than first order. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE difference method
KW  - DISCRETIZATION methods
KW  - DIFFERENCE operators
KW  - JACOBIAN matrices
KW  - RUNGE-Kutta formulas
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis)
KW  - GCL
KW  - High order metric
KW  - High order numerical methods
KW  - Moving and deforming grids
N1  - Accession Number: 94870710; Sjögreen, Björn 1 Yee, H.C. 2; Email Address: Helen.M.Yee@nasa.gov Vinokur, Marcel 2; Affiliation:  1: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 265, p211; Subject Term: FINITE difference method; Subject Term: DISCRETIZATION methods; Subject Term: DIFFERENCE operators; Subject Term: JACOBIAN matrices; Subject Term: RUNGE-Kutta formulas; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL grid generation (Numerical analysis); Author-Supplied Keyword: GCL; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order metric; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order numerical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moving and deforming grids; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.01.045
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beck, Sara C.
AU  - Lacy, John
AU  - Turner, Jean
AU  - Greathouse, Thomas
AU  - Neff, Susan
T1  - IONIZED GAS KINEMATICS AT HIGH RESOLUTION. IV. STAR FORMATION AND A ROTATING CORE IN THE MEDUSA (NGC 4194).
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/05/20/
VL  - 787
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - NGC 4194 is a post-merger starburst known as The Medusa for its striking tidal features. We present here a detailed study of the structure and kinematics of ionized gas in the central 0.65 kpc of the Medusa. The data include radio continuum maps with resolution up to 0.″18 (35 pc) and a 12.8 μm [Ne II] data cube with spectral resolution ∼4 km s–1: the first high-resolution, extinction-free observations of this remarkable object. The ionized gas has the kinematic signature of a core in solid-body rotation. The starburst has formed a complex of bright compact H II regions, probably excited by deeply embedded super star clusters, but none of these sources is a convincing candidate for a Galactic nucleus. The nuclei of the merger partners that created the Medusa have not yet been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 96316728; Beck, Sara C. 1,2; Email Address: becksarac@gmail.com Lacy, John 2,3 Turner, Jean 4 Greathouse, Thomas 2,5 Neff, Susan 6; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228-0510, USA  6: NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2014, Vol. 787 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/85
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morley, Caroline V.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Lupu, Roxana
AU  - Saumon, Didier
AU  - Greene, Tom
AU  - Lodders, Katharina
T1  - WATER CLOUDS IN Y DWARFS AND EXOPLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/05/20/
VL  - 787
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The formation of clouds affects brown dwarf and planetary atmospheres of nearly all effective temperatures. Iron and silicate condense in L dwarf atmospheres and dissipate at the L/T transition. Minor species such as sulfides and salts condense in mid- to late T dwarfs. For brown dwarfs below Teff ∼ 450 K, water condenses in the upper atmosphere to form ice clouds. Currently, over a dozen objects in this temperature range have been discovered, and few previous theoretical studies have addressed the effect of water clouds on brown dwarf or exoplanetary spectra. Here we present a new grid of models that include the effect of water cloud opacity. We find that they become optically thick in objects below Teff ∼ 350-375 K. Unlike refractory cloud materials, water-ice particles are significantly nongray absorbers; they predominantly scatter at optical wavelengths through the J band and absorb in the infrared with prominent features, the strongest of which is at 2.8 μm. H2O, NH3, CH4, and H2 CIA are dominant opacity sources; less abundant species may also be detectable, including the alkalis, H2S, and PH3. PH3, which has been detected in Jupiter, is expected to have a strong signature in the mid-infrared at 4.3 μm in Y dwarfs around Teff = 450 K; if disequilibrium chemistry increases the abundance of PH3, it may be detectable over a wider effective temperature range than models predict. We show results incorporating disequilibrium nitrogen and carbon chemistry and predict signatures of low gravity in planetary mass objects. Finally, we make predictions for the observability of Y dwarfs and planets with existing and future instruments, including the James Webb Space Telescope and Gemini Planet Imager. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 96316719; Morley, Caroline V. 1,2; Email Address: cmorley@ucolick.org Marley, Mark S. 3 Fortney, Jonathan J. 1 Lupu, Roxana 3 Saumon, Didier 4 Greene, Tom 3 Lodders, Katharina 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Harriet P. Jenkins Graduate Student Fellow.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Naval Air Station, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: Los Alamos National Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  5: Washington University in St Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2014, Vol. 787 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/78
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sankrit, Ravi
AU  - Raymond, John C.
AU  - Bautista, Manuel
AU  - Gaetz, Terrance J.
AU  - Williams, Brian J.
AU  - Blair, William P.
AU  - Borkowski, Kazimierz J.
AU  - Long, Knox S.
T1  - SPITZER IRS OBSERVATIONS OF THE XA REGION IN THE CYGNUS LOOP SUPERNOVA REMNANT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/05/20/
VL  - 787
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report on spectra of two positions in the XA region of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant obtained with the InfraRed Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The spectra span the 10-35 μm wavelength range, which contains a number of collisionally excited forbidden lines. These data are supplemented by optical spectra obtained at the Whipple Observatory and an archival UV spectrum from the International Ultraviolet Explorer. Coverage from the UV through the IR provides tests of shock wave models and tight constraints on model parameters. Only lines from high ionization species are detected in the spectrum of a filament on the edge of the remnant. The filament traces a 180 km s–1 shock that has just begun to cool, and the oxygen to neon abundance ratio lies in the normal range found for Galactic H II regions. Lines from both high and low ionization species are detected in the spectrum of the cusp of a shock-cloud interaction, which lies within the remnant boundary. The spectrum of the cusp region is matched by a shock of about 150 km s–1 that has cooled and begun to recombine. The post-shock region has a swept-up column density of about 1.3 × 1018 cm–2, and the gas has reached a temperature of 7000-8000 K. The spectrum of the Cusp indicates that roughly half of the refractory silicon and iron atoms have been liberated from the grains. Dust emission is not detected at either position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 96316661; Sankrit, Ravi 1 Raymond, John C. 2 Bautista, Manuel 3 Gaetz, Terrance J. 2 Williams, Brian J. 4 Blair, William P. 5 Borkowski, Kazimierz J. 6 Long, Knox S. 7; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden Street, MS 15, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI 49008-5252, USA  4: Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 662, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  6: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA  7: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2014, Vol. 787 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/787/1/3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jordan, J. L.
AU  - Simons, R. N.
AU  - Zorman, C. A.
T1  - Contactless radio frequency probes for hightemperature characterisation of microwave integrated circuits.
JO  - Electronics Letters
JF  - Electronics Letters
Y1  - 2014/05/22/
VL  - 50
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 817
EP  - 819
PB  - Institution of Engineering & Technology
SN  - 00135194
AB  - The first ever demonstration of a viable contactless radio frequency (RF) probing technique at elevated temperatures is presented. The design utilises an inverted microstrip design for the probe, which is suspended over and placed in close proximity to the input/output microstrip lines of the device under test to couple signals in and out. To demonstrate the efficacy of the contactless RF probing technique, three example circuits, namely, a microstrip spurline bandstop filter, a microstrip pin diode series switch and a monolithic microwave integrated circuit amplifier mounted on a microstrip line were designed, fabricated and performance measured against temperature up to 200°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electronics Letters is the property of Institution of Engineering & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE integrated circuits
KW  - MONOLITHIC microwave integrated circuits
KW  - MICROSTRIP transmission lines
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - RADIO frequency
N1  - Accession Number: 96327035; Jordan, J. L. 1; Email Address: jennifer.l.jordan@nasa.gov Simons, R. N. 1 Zorman, C. A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 5/22/2014, Vol. 50 Issue 11, p817; Subject Term: MICROWAVE integrated circuits; Subject Term: MONOLITHIC microwave integrated circuits; Subject Term: MICROSTRIP transmission lines; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1049/el.2014.1009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kang, Jin Ho
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Penner, Ronald K.
AU  - Turner, Travis L.
T1  - Enhanced adhesive strength between shape memory polymer nanocomposite and titanium alloy.
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2014/05/23/
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
SN  - 02663538
AB  - Abstract: Due to their unique shape memory capability, shape memory materials have been studied in numerous areas that require shape reconfiguration. This capability enables the adaptive wing structural concept. The structure prototype required enhanced interfacial strength between the shape memory polymer composite and structural metal alloys to enable the use of the shape memory polymer composite in this application. The interfacial adhesion properties between the shape memory polymer composite and a titanium alloy were systematically investigated. Surface modification of the titanium alloy with silane coupling agents improved the adhesion strength. The shape memory polymer was toughened using amphiphilic poly(n-butylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) and with carbon nanotubes. The toughened shape memory polymer composite showed enhanced adhesion strength compared to the non-toughened system. Toughened shape memory polymer with both 5wt% poly(n-butylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) and 2wt% carbon nanotube against surface-modified titanium alloy showed up to 113.5% increase in the adhesion strength, compared to the control. To investigate the adhesion mechanism, the adhesive fracture surface was investigated by tracking the locus of failure using high-resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - TITANIUM alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory polymers
KW  - COUPLING agents (Chemistry)
KW  - X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - A. Adhesive joint
KW  - A. Alloys
KW  - A. Carbon nanotubes
KW  - B. Interfacial strength
KW  - Shape memory polymer
N1  - Accession Number: 95827838; Kang, Jin Ho 1; Email Address: jin.h.kang@nasa.gov Siochi, Emilie J. 2; Email Address: emilie.j.siochi@nasa.gov Penner, Ronald K. 3 Turner, Travis L. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  3: Science and Technology Corporation, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  4: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: May2014, Vol. 96, p23; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: TITANIUM alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory polymers; Subject Term: COUPLING agents (Chemistry); Subject Term: X-ray spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Adhesive joint; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Interfacial strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory polymer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.03.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
T1  - Impacts of light use efficiency and fPAR parameterization on gross primary production modeling.
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 189-190
M3  - Article
SP  - 187
EP  - 197
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Highlights: [•] We utilized different approaches to derive LUE and fPAR and examined their capabilities for carbon modeling. [•] Both crops, maize and soybean, and deciduous forest were selected to study. [•] fAPARchl showed closer seasonal dynamics with GPP than MODIS MOD15A2 fPAR. [•] Estimated GPP using fAPARchl was closer to flux tower based GPP. [•] Using a site-specific LUEmax value derived from an analytic approach can improve GPP estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - PARAMETERIZATION
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - INTERPLANETARY voyages
KW  - ASTRODYNAMICS
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - MANAGEMENT science
KW  - Carbon modeling
KW  - fAPARchl
KW  - Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation
KW  - Light use efficiency
N1  - Accession Number: 94791920; Cheng, Yen-Ben 1; Email Address: Yen-Ben.Cheng@nasa.gov Zhang, Qingyuan 2 Lyapustin, Alexei I. 3 Wang, Yujie 4 Middleton, Elizabeth M. 5; Affiliation:  1: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., Laurel, MD 20707, USA  2: Unversities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  3: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA  5: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 189-190, p187; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: PARAMETERIZATION; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY voyages; Subject Term: ASTRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: fAPARchl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraction of photosynthetically active radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light use efficiency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.01.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stapleton, Scott E.
AU  - Waas, Anthony M.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Pellegrino, S.
T1  - Corotational Formulation for Bonded Joint Finite Elements.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1280
EP  - 1293
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Enhanced finite elements are elements with an embedded analytical solution that can capture detailed local fields, enabling more efficient mesh independent finite element analysis. In earlier research, this method was applied to adhesively bonded joints. The adherends were modeled as composite Euler-Bernoulli beams, and the adhesive layer was modeled as a bed of linear shear and normal springs. The field equations were derived using the principle of minimum potential energy, and the resulting solutions for the displacement fields were used to generate shape functions and a stiffness matrix for a single bonded joint finite element. In this study, the capability to model large rotations and nonlinear adhesive constitutive behavior is developed, and progressive failure of the adhesive is modeled by remeshing the joint as the adhesive fails. The results obtained using this enhanced joint element are compared with experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EULER-Bernoulli beam theory
KW  - EINSTEIN field equations
KW  - POTENTIAL energy
N1  - Accession Number: 96698280; Stapleton, Scott E. 1,2; Email Address: sstaple@umich.edu Waas, Anthony M. 1,3; Email Address: dcw@umich.edu Arnold, Steven M. 4,5; Email Address: Steven.M.Arnold@NASA.gov Bednarcyk, Brett A. 4,6; Email Address: Brett.A.Bednarcyk@NASA.gov Pellegrino, S.; Affiliation:  1: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109  2: Research Group Leader, Institute for Textile Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany  3: Felix Pawlowski Collegiate Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering  4: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  5: Chief, Mechanics and Life Prediction, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Member AIAA  6: Material Research Engineer, 21000 Brookpark Rd.; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1280; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EULER-Bernoulli beam theory; Subject Term: EINSTEIN field equations; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052422
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raffel, Markus
AU  - Heineck, James T.
AU  - Tichy, L.
T1  - Mirror-Based Image Derotation for Aerodynamic Rotor Measurements.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1337
EP  - 1341
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses the development and application mirror-based image derotation for aerodynamic rotor measurements. It says that it will take time before the majority of recording techniques would allow for exposure times short to avoid motion blur during the recording of rotating blade. It demonstrates how the problem of angular control of the rotating mirror and its synchronization with the camera can be resolved.
KW  - MIRROR images
KW  - ROTATING mirrors
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - ANGULAR measurements
KW  - SYNCHRONIZATION
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 96698288; Raffel, Markus 1,2; Email Address: markus.ralfel@dlr.de Heineck, James T. 3 Tichy, L.; Affiliation:  1: DLR, German Aerospace Center, 37073 Göttingen, Germany  2: Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1337; Subject Term: MIRROR images; Subject Term: ROTATING mirrors; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: ANGULAR measurements; Subject Term: SYNCHRONIZATION; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052836
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiesner, Valerie
T1  - Internship--A pathway to employment.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
Y1  - 2014/06//Jun/Jul2014
VL  - 93
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 29
PB  - American Ceramic Society
SN  - 00027812
AB  - A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of participating in the Pathways Intern Employment Program at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio.
KW  - INTERNS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 96214321; Wiesner, Valerie 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials research engineer, Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Jun/Jul2014, Vol. 93 Issue 5, p29; Subject Term: INTERNS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2/3p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liangfa Hu
AU  - Richards, Bradley
T1  - Students weigh in on education.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
Y1  - 2014/06//Jun/Jul2014
VL  - 93
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 34
PB  - American Ceramic Society
SN  - 00027812
AB  - The article discusses a 2014 survey conducted by the American Ceramic Society's (ACerS) President's Council of Student Advisors conducted a survey of graduate and undergraduate students from numerous U.S. schools to identify how they view their education. Topics covered include assertions about current education policies based on the responses, the student outlook on their field and the job market, and recommended actions.
KW  - STUDENT surveys
KW  - COLLEGE students -- United States
KW  - HIGHER education
KW  - EDUCATION & state
KW  - LABOR market
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AMERICAN Ceramic Society
N1  - Accession Number: 96214327; Liangfa Hu 1,2 Richards, Bradley 3,4,5; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University (College Station, Texas)  2: President, Material Advantage chapter, Texas A&M  3: University of Virginia (Charlottesville, Va.)  4: NASA Pathways intern, Glenn Research Center  5: President, Materials Science Graduate Student Board, Virginia; Source Info: Jun/Jul2014, Vol. 93 Issue 5, p33; Subject Term: STUDENT surveys; Subject Term: COLLEGE students -- United States; Subject Term: HIGHER education; Subject Term: EDUCATION & state; Subject Term: LABOR market; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: AMERICAN Ceramic Society; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LADD, SANDRA L.
AU  - TOSCANO, WILLIAM B.
AU  - COWINGS, PATRICIA S.
AU  - GABRIELI, JOHN D. E.
T1  - Cardiovascular Change During Encoding Predicts the Nonconscious Mere Exposure Effect.
JO  - American Journal of Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Psychology
Y1  - 2014///Summer2014
VL  - 127
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 182
SN  - 00029556
AB  - These studies examined memory encoding to determine whether the mere exposure effect could be categorized as a form of conceptual or perceptual implicit priming and, if it was not conceptual or perceptual, whether cardiovascular psychophysiology could reveal its nature. Experiment 1 examined the effects of study phase level of processing on recognition, the mere exposure effect, and word identification implicit priming. Deep relative to shallow processing improved recognition but did not influence the mere exposure effect for nonwords or word identification implicit priming for words. Experiments 2 and 3 examined the effect of study-test changes in font and orientation, respectively, on the mere exposure effect and word identification implicit priming. Different study-test font and orientation reduced word identification implicit priming but had no influence on the mere exposure effect. Experiments 4 and 5 developed and used, respectively, a cardiovascular psychophysiological implicit priming paradigm to examine whether stimulus-specific cardiovascular reactivity at study predicted the mere exposure effect at test. Blood volume pulse change at study was significantly greater for nonwords that were later preferred than for nonwords that were not preferred at test. There was no difference in blood volume pulse change for words at study that were later either identified or not identified at test. Fluency effects, at encoding or retrieval, are an unlikely explanation for these behavioral and cardiovascular findings. The relation of blood volume pulse to affect suggests that an affective process that is not conceptual or perceptual contributes to the mere exposure effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Psychology is the property of University of Illinois Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRIMING (Psychology)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - RECOGNITION (Psychology)
KW  - WORD recognition -- Research
KW  - ORIENTATION (Psychology)
N1  - Accession Number: 95999564; LADD, SANDRA L. 1 TOSCANO, WILLIAM B. 2 COWINGS, PATRICIA S. 2 GABRIELI, JOHN D. E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Boston University School of Medicine  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center  3: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Source Info: Summer2014, Vol. 127 Issue 2, p157; Subject Term: PRIMING (Psychology); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: RECOGNITION (Psychology); Subject Term: WORD recognition -- Research; Subject Term: ORIENTATION (Psychology); Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fidani, Cristiano
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
AU  - Grant, Rachel
T1  - Cows Come Down from the Mountains before the (Mw = 6.1) Earthquake Colfiorito in September 1997; A Single Case Study.
JO  - Animals (2076-2615)
JF  - Animals (2076-2615)
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 312
PB  - MDPI Publishing
SN  - 20762615
AB  - The September-October 1997 seismic sequence in the Umbria-Marche regions of Central Italy has been one of the stronger seismic events to occur in Italy over the last thirty years, with a maximum magnitude of Mw = 6.1. Over the last three years, a collection of evidence was carried out regarding non-seismic phenomena, by interviewing local residents using a questionnaire. One particular observation of anomalous animal behaviour, confirmed by many witnesses, concerned a herd of cows, which descended from a mountain close to the streets of a village near the epicentre, a few days before the main shock. Testimonies were collected using a specific questionnaire including data on earthquake lights, spring variations, human diseases, and irregular animal behaviour. The questionnaire was compiled after the L'Aquila earthquake in 2009, and was based upon past historical earthquake observations. A possible explanation for the cows' behavior--local air ionization caused by stress-activated positive holes--is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Animals (2076-2615) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COWS
KW  - BEHAVIOR
KW  - UMBRIA-Marche Earthquakes, Italy, 1997
KW  - L'AQUILA Earthquake, Italy, 2009
KW  - ANIMAL behavior
KW  - CORONA (Surface discharges)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ionization
KW  - air ionization
KW  - animal behaviour
KW  - cows
KW  - earthquakes
KW  - positive holes
N1  - Accession Number: 96843100; Fidani, Cristiano 1,2; Email Address: c.fidani@virgilio.it Freund, Friedemann 3,4,5; Email Address: friedemann.t.freund@nasa.gov Grant, Rachel 6; Email Address: Rachel.grant@anglia.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: Osservatorio Sismico "Andrea Bina", Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy  2: Central Italy Electromagnetic Network (CIEN), Via Fosso del Passo 6, 63847 San Procolo, Fermo, Italy  3: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Earth Science Division, Code SGE, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  5: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Rd., Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p292; Subject Term: COWS; Subject Term: BEHAVIOR; Subject Term: UMBRIA-Marche Earthquakes, Italy, 1997; Subject Term: L'AQUILA Earthquake, Italy, 2009; Subject Term: ANIMAL behavior; Subject Term: CORONA (Surface discharges); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: air ionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: animal behaviour; Author-Supplied Keyword: cows; Author-Supplied Keyword: earthquakes; Author-Supplied Keyword: positive holes; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/ani4020292
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96843100&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hughes, Stephanie N.
AU  - Tozzi, Sasha
AU  - Harris, Linden
AU  - Harmsen, Shawn
AU  - Young, Colleen
AU  - Rask, Jon
AU  - Toy-Choutka, Sharon
AU  - Clark, Kit
AU  - Cruickshank, Marilyn
AU  - Fennie, Hamilton
AU  - Kuo, Julie
AU  - Trent, Jonathan D.
T1  - Interactions of marine mammals and birds with offshore membrane enclosures for growing algae (OMEGA).
JO  - Aquatic Biosystems
JF  - Aquatic Biosystems
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
SN  - 20469063
AB  - Background OMEGA is an integrated aquatic system to produce biofuels, treat and recycle wastewater, capture CO2, and expand aquaculture production. This system includes floating photobioreactors (PBRs) that will cover hundreds of hectares in marine bays. To assess the interactions of marine mammals and birds with PBRs, 9 × 1.3 m flat panel and 9.5 × 0.2 m tubular PBRs were deployed in a harbor and monitored day and night from October 10, 2011 to Janurary 22, 2012 using infrared video. To observe interactions with pinnipeds, two trained sea lions (Zalophus californianus) and one trained harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) were observed and directed to interact with PBRs in tanks. To determine the forces required to puncture PBR plastic and the effects of weathering, Instron measurements were made with a sea otter (Enhydra lutris) tooth and bird beaks. Results A total of 1,445 interactions of marine mammals and birds with PBRs were observed in the 2,424 hours of video recorded. The 95 marine mammal interactions, 94 by sea otters and one by a sea lion had average durations of three minutes (max 44 min) and represented about 1% of total recording time. The 1,350 bird interactions, primarily coots (Fulica americana) and gulls (Larus occidentalis and L. californicus) had average durations of seven minutes (max. 170) and represented 5% of recording time. Interactive behaviors were characterized as passive (feeding, walking, resting, grooming, and social activity) or proactive (biting, pecking, investigating, and unspecified manipulating). Mammal interactions were predominantly proactive, whereas birds were passive. All interactions occurred primarily during the day. Ninety-six percent of otter interactions occurred in Winter, whereas 73% of bird interactions in Fall, correlating to their abundance in the harbor. Trained pinnipeds followed most commands to bite, drag, and haul-out onto PBRs, made no overt undirected interactions with the PBRs, but showed avoidance behavior to PBR tethers. Instron measurements indicated that sea-otter teeth and gull beaks can penetrate weathered plastic more easily than new plastic. Published data suggest that otter bites may penetrate plastics, but pecking forces are not sufficient to do so. Conclusions Otter and bird interactions with experimental PBRs were benign. Large-scale OMEGA systems are predicted to have both positive and negative environmental consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aquatic Biosystems is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARINE mammals
KW  - ALGAL growth
KW  - BIRDS
KW  - BIOMASS energy
KW  - CARBON sequestration
KW  - AQUACULTURE
KW  - AQUATIC biology
KW  - Biofuels
KW  - Birds
KW  - Gulls
KW  - Marine mammals
KW  - Monterey Bay
KW  - Photobioreactors
KW  - Renewable energy
KW  - Sea otter
KW  - Wastewater treatment
N1  - Accession Number: 96426774; Hughes, Stephanie N. 1,2; Email Address: snkennedyrudy@gmail.com Tozzi, Sasha 3; Email Address: stozzi@ucsc.edu Harris, Linden 4; Email Address: linden.c.harris@nasa.gov Harmsen, Shawn 4; Email Address: shawnharmsen@gmail.com Young, Colleen 5; Email Address: colleen.young@wildlife.ca.gov Rask, Jon 2; Email Address: jon.c.rask@nasa.gov Toy-Choutka, Sharon 5; Email Address: stoychou@ospr.dfg.ca.gov Clark, Kit 2; Email Address: coldduck@hotmail.com Cruickshank, Marilyn 1; Email Address: mcruickshank@mlml.calstate.edu Fennie, Hamilton 1; Email Address: hfennie@mlml.calstate.edu Kuo, Julie 1; Email Address: jkuo@mlml.calstate.edu Trent, Jonathan D. 3,6,7; Email Address: Jonathan.d.trent@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Monterey, Moss Landing, CA, USA  2: Dynamac Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Sunnyvale, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  4: University Space Research Association, Sunnyvale, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Sunnyvale, Moffett Field, CA, USA  7: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 10, p1; Subject Term: MARINE mammals; Subject Term: ALGAL growth; Subject Term: BIRDS; Subject Term: BIOMASS energy; Subject Term: CARBON sequestration; Subject Term: AQUACULTURE; Subject Term: AQUATIC biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Birds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gulls; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine mammals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monterey Bay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photobioreactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Renewable energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea otter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wastewater treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112510 Aquaculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221119 Other electric power generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/2046-9063-10-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96426774&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bekker, Dmitriy L.
AU  - Thompson, David R.
AU  - Abbey, William J.
AU  - Cabrol, Nathalie A.
AU  - Francis, Raymond
AU  - Manatt, Ken S.
AU  - Ortega, Kevin F.
AU  - Wagstaff, Kiri L.
T1  - Field Demonstration of an Instrument Performing Automatic Classification of Geologic Surfaces.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 486
EP  - 501
SN  - 15311074
AB  - This work presents a method with which to automate simple aspects of geologic image analysis during space exploration. Automated image analysis on board the spacecraft can make operations more efficient by generating compressed maps of long traverses for summary downlink. It can also enable immediate automatic responses to science targets of opportunity, improving the quality of targeted measurements collected with each command cycle. In addition, automated analyses on Earth can process large image catalogs, such as the growing database of Mars surface images, permitting more timely and quantitative summaries that inform tactical mission operations. We present TextureCam, a new instrument that incorporates real-time image analysis to produce texture-sensitive classifications of geologic surfaces in mesoscale scenes. A series of tests at the Cima Volcanic Field in the Mojave Desert, California, demonstrated mesoscale surficial mapping at two distinct sites of geologic interest. Key Word: Interpretation of planetary mission data. Astrobiology 14, 486-501. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGICAL mapping
KW  - PHYSICAL geology
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 96535144; Bekker, Dmitriy L. Thompson, David R. 1 Abbey, William J. 1 Cabrol, Nathalie A. 2 Francis, Raymond 3 Manatt, Ken S. 1 Ortega, Kevin F. 1 Wagstaff, Kiri L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.  2: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, Moffett Field, California, USA.  3: Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration (CPSX), Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 14 Issue 6, p486; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL mapping; Subject Term: PHYSICAL geology; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2014.1172
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96535144&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parenteau, Mary N.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Farmer, Jack D.
AU  - Cady, Sherry L.
T1  - Production and Early Preservation of Lipid Biomarkers in Iron Hot Springs.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 502
EP  - 521
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The bicarbonate-buffered anoxic vent waters at Chocolate Pots hot springs in Yellowstone National Park are 51-54°C, pH 5.5-6.0, and are very high in dissolved Fe(II) at 5.8-5.9 mg/L. The aqueous Fe(II) is oxidized by a combination of biotic and abiotic mechanisms and precipitated as primary siliceous nanophase iron oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite). Four distinct prokaryotic photosynthetic microbial mat types grow on top of these iron deposits. Lipids were used to characterize the community composition of the microbial mats, link source organisms to geologically significant biomarkers, and investigate how iron mineralization degrades the lipid signature of the community. The phospholipid and glycolipid fatty acid profiles of the highest-temperature mats indicate that they are dominated by cyanobacteria and green nonsulfur filamentous anoxygenic phototrophs (FAPs). Diagnostic lipid biomarkers of the cyanobacteria include midchain branched mono- and dimethylalkanes and, most notably, 2-methylbacteriohopanepolyol. Diagnostic lipid biomarkers of the FAPs ( Chloroflexus and Roseiflexus spp.) include wax esters and a long-chain tri-unsaturated alkene. Surprisingly, the lipid biomarkers resisted the earliest stages of microbial degradation and diagenesis to survive in the iron oxides beneath the mats. Understanding the potential of particular sedimentary environments to capture and preserve fossil biosignatures is of vital importance in the selection of the best landing sites for future astrobiological missions to Mars. This study explores the nature of organic degradation processes in moderately thermal Fe(II)-rich groundwater springs-environmental conditions that have been previously identified as highly relevant for Mars exploration. Key Words: Lipid biomarkers-Photosynthesis-Iron-Hot springs-Mars. Astrobiology 14, 502-521. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIPIDS -- Research
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - ABIOTIC environment (Ecology)
KW  - PROKARYOTIC genomes
KW  - YELLOWSTONE National Park
N1  - Accession Number: 96535145; Parenteau, Mary N. 1 Jahnke, Linda L. 1 Farmer, Jack D. 2 Cady, Sherry L. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, Moffett Field, California.  2: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.  3: Department of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon.  4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 14 Issue 6, p502; Subject Term: LIPIDS -- Research; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: ABIOTIC environment (Ecology); Subject Term: PROKARYOTIC genomes; Subject Term: YELLOWSTONE National Park; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.1122
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96535145&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Chance and Necessity in Biochemistry: Implications for the Search for Extraterrestrial Biomarkers in Earth-like Environments.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 14
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 534
EP  - 540
SN  - 15311074
AB  - In this paper, we examine a restricted subset of the question of possible alien biochemistries. That is, we look into how different life might be if it emerged in environments similar to that required for life on Earth. We advocate a principle of chance and necessity in biochemistry. According to this principle, biochemistry is in some fundamental way the sum of two processes: there is an aspect of biochemistry that is an endowment from prebiotic processes, which represents the necessity, plus an aspect that is invented by the process of evolution, which represents the chance. As a result, we predict that life originating in extraterrestrial Earth-like environments will share biochemical motifs that can be traced back to the prebiotic world but will also have intrinsic biochemical traits that are unlikely to be duplicated elsewhere as they are combinatorially path-dependent. Effective and objective strategies to search for biomarkers, and evidence for a second genesis, on planets with Earth-like environments can be built based on this principle. Key Words: Origin of life-Biomarkers-Exobiology-Extraterrestrial life-Prebiotic chemistry. Astrobiology 14, 534-540. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL research
KW  - INTRODUCED organisms
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - PREBIOTICS
KW  - HISTORY
KW  - PLANETARY geology
N1  - Accession Number: 96535148; Davila, Alfonso F. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 14 Issue 6, p534; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL research; Subject Term: INTRODUCED organisms; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: PREBIOTICS; Subject Term: HISTORY; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2014.1150
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96535148&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rosenberg, Marissa J. F.
AU  - Berné, Olivier
AU  - Boersma, Christiaan
T1  - Random mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon spectra match interstellar infrared emission.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 566
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The mid-infrared (mid-IR; 5–15 μm) spectrum of a wide variety of astronomical objects exhibits a set of broad emission features at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.3, and 12.7 μm. About 30 years ago it was proposed that these signatures are due to emission from a family of UV heated nanometer-sized carbonaceous molecules known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), causing them to be referred to as aromatic IR bands (AIBs). Today, the acceptance of the PAH model is far from settled, as the identification of a single PAH in space has not yet been successful, and physically relevant theoretical models involving true PAH cross sections do not reproduce the AIBs in detail. In this paper, we use the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database, which contains over 500 quantum-computed spectra, in conjunction with a simple emission model, to show that the spectrum produced by any random mixture of at least 30 PAHs converges to the same kernel-spectrum. This kernel-spectrum captures the essence of the PAH emission spectrum and is highly correlated with observations of AIBs, strongly supporting PAHs as their source. Furthermore, the fact that a large number of molecules are required implies that spectroscopic signatures of the individual PAHs contributing to the AIBs spanning the visible, near-IR, and far-IR spectral regions are weak, explaining why they have not yet been detected. An improved effort, joining laboratory, theoretical, and observational studies of the PAH emission process, will support the use of PAH features as a probe of physical and chemical conditions in the near and distant Universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons -- Spectra
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter -- Spectra
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - QUANTUM computing
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - ISM: general
KW  - ISM: lines and bands
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97483607; Rosenberg, Marissa J. F. 1; Email Address: rosenberg@strw.leidenuniv.nl Berné, Olivier 2,3 Boersma, Christiaan 4; Affiliation:  1: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  2: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France  3: CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 566, p1; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons -- Spectra; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter -- Spectra; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: QUANTUM computing; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: lines and bands; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201423953
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97483607&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casagrande, L.
AU  - Aguirre, V. Silva
AU  - Stello, D.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Serenelli, A. M.
AU  - Cassisi, S.
AU  - Dotter, A.
AU  - Milone, A. P.
AU  - Hodgkin, S.
AU  - Marino, A. F.
AU  - Lund, M. N.
AU  - Pietrinferni, A.
AU  - Asplund, M.
AU  - Feltzing, S.
AU  - Flynn, C.
AU  - Grundahl, F.
AU  - Nissen, P. E.
AU  - Schönrich, R.
AU  - Schlesinger, K. J.
AU  - Wang, W.
T1  - STRÖMGREN SURVEY FOR ASTEROSEISMOLOGY AND GALACTIC ARCHAEOLOGY: LET THE SAGA BEGIN.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 787
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Asteroseismology has the capability of precisely determining stellar properties that would otherwise be inaccessible, such as radii, masses, and thus ages of stars. When coupling this information with classical determinations of stellar parameters, such as metallicities, effective temperatures, and angular diameters, powerful new diagnostics for Galactic studies can be obtained. The ongoing Strömgren survey for Asteroseismology and Galactic Archaeology has the goal of transforming the Kepler field into a new benchmark for Galactic studies, similar to the solar neighborhood. Here we present the first results from a stripe centered at a Galactic longitude of 74° and covering latitude from about 8° to 20°, which includes almost 1000 K giants with seismic information and the benchmark open cluster NGC 6819. We describe the coupling of classical and seismic parameters, the accuracy as well as the caveats of the derived effective temperatures, metallicities, distances, surface gravities, masses, and radii. Confidence in the achieved precision is corroborated by the detection of the first and secondary clumps in a population of field stars with a ratio of 2 to 1 and by the negligible scatter in the seismic distances among NGC 6819 member stars. An assessment of the reliability of stellar parameters in the Kepler Input Catalog is also performed, and the impact of our results for population studies in the Milky Way is discussed, along with the importance of an all-sky Strömgren survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - STELLAR parallax
KW  - ARCHAEOLOGY research
N1  - Accession Number: 96380456; Casagrande, L. 1,2; Email Address: luca.casagrande@anu.edu.au Aguirre, V. Silva 3 Stello, D. 4 Huber, D. 5,6 Serenelli, A. M. 7 Cassisi, S. 8 Dotter, A. 1 Milone, A. P. 1 Hodgkin, S. 9 Marino, A. F. 1 Lund, M. N. 3 Pietrinferni, A. 8 Asplund, M. 1 Feltzing, S. 10 Flynn, C. 11 Grundahl, F. 3 Nissen, P. E. 3 Schönrich, R. 12,13,14 Schlesinger, K. J. 1 Wang, W. 15; Affiliation:  1: Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Mount Stromlo Observatory, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia  2: Stromlo Fellow.  3: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  4: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Fac. Ciéncies, Torre C5 parell 2, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain  8: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Collurania, via Maggini, I-64100 Teramo, Italy  9: Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK  10: Lund Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Physics, P.O. Box 43, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden  11: Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia  12: Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1173, USA  13: Rudolf-Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, UK  14: Hubble Fellow.  15: National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 787 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: STELLAR parallax; Subject Term: ARCHAEOLOGY research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gazak, J. Zachary
AU  - Davies, Ben
AU  - Bastian, Nate
AU  - Kudritzki, Rolf
AU  - Bergemann, Maria
AU  - Plez, Bertrand
AU  - Evans, Chris
AU  - Patrick, Lee
AU  - Bresolin, Fabio
AU  - Schinnerer, Eva
T1  - A NEW METHOD FOR MEASURING METALLICITIES OF YOUNG SUPER STAR CLUSTERS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 787
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We demonstrate how the metallicities of young super star clusters (SSC) can be measured using novel spectroscopic techniques in the J-band. The near-infrared flux of SSCs older than ∼6 Myr is dominated by tens to hundreds of red supergiant stars. Our technique is designed to harness the integrated light of that population and produces accurate metallicities for new observations in galaxies above (M83) and below (NGC 6946) solar metallicity. In M83 we find [Z] = +0.28 ± 0.14 dex using a moderate resolution (R ∼ 3500) J-band spectrum and in NGC 6496 we report [Z] = -0.32 ± 0.20 dex from a low resolution spectrum of R ∼ 1800. Recently commissioned low resolution multiplexed spectrographs on the Very Large Telescope (KMOS) and Keck (MOSFIRE) will allow accurate measurements of SSC metallicities across the disks of star-forming galaxies up to distances of 70 Mpc with single night observation campaigns using the method presented in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - STARS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photography
N1  - Accession Number: 96380491; Gazak, J. Zachary 1,2 Davies, Ben 3 Bastian, Nate 3 Kudritzki, Rolf 1,4 Bergemann, Maria 5 Plez, Bertrand 6 Evans, Chris 7,8 Patrick, Lee 8 Bresolin, Fabio 1 Schinnerer, Eva 9; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai'i, 2680 Woodlawn Dr, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK  4: University Observatory Munich, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany  5: Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK  6: Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier, Université Montpellier 2, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France  7: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK  8: Institute for Astronomy, Royal Observatory Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK  9: MPI for Astronomy, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 787 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photography; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/142
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Tyler D.
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Meadows, Victoria S.
AU  - Sparks, William
AU  - Bussey, D. Ben J.
AU  - Schwieterman, Edward W.
AU  - Breiner, Jonathan
T1  - DETECTION OF OCEAN GLINT AND OZONE ABSORPTION USING LCROSS EARTH OBSERVATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 787
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) observed the distant Earth on three occasions in 2009. These data span a range of phase angles, including a rare crescent phase view. For each epoch, the satellite acquired near-infrared and mid-infrared full-disk images, and partial-disk spectra at 0.26-0.65 μm (λ/Δλ ∼ 500) and 1.17-2.48 μm (λ/Δλ ∼ 50). Spectra show strong absorption features due to water vapor and ozone, which is a biosignature gas. We perform a significant recalibration of the UV-visible spectra and provide the first comparison of high-resolution visible Earth spectra to the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory three-dimensional spectral Earth model. We find good agreement with the observations, reproducing the absolute brightness and dynamic range at all wavelengths for all observation epochs, thus validating the model to within the ∼10% data calibration uncertainty. Data-model comparisons reveal a strong ocean glint signature in the crescent phase data set, which is well matched by our model predictions throughout the observed wavelength range. This provides the first observational test of a technique that could be used to determine exoplanet habitability from disk-integrated observations at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, where the glint signal is strongest. We examine the detection of the ozone 255 nm Hartley and 400-700 nm Chappuis bands. While the Hartley band is the strongest ozone feature in Earth's spectrum, false positives for its detection could exist. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for future exoplanet characterization missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - MOON
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 96380523; Robinson, Tyler D. 1,2,3; Email Address: tyler.d.robinson@nasa.gov Ennico, Kimberly 4 Meadows, Victoria S. 2,3,5 Sparks, William 2,3,6 Bussey, D. Ben J. 3,7 Schwieterman, Edward W. 2,3,5 Breiner, Jonathan 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 17-1, Moffett Field, CA 94089, USA Now the NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute. Now the NASA Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  6: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 787 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/787/2/171
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96380523&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan, Olivia W.
AU  - Bugler-Lacap, Donnabella C.
AU  - Biddle, Jennifer F.
AU  - Lim, Darlene S.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Pointing, Stephen B.
T1  - Phylogenetic diversity of a microbialite reef in a cold alkaline freshwater lake.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
JF  - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 60
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 391
EP  - 398
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00084166
AB  - A culture-independent multidomain survey of biodiversity in microbialite structures within the cold alkaline Pavilion Lake (British Columbia, Canada) revealed a largely homogenous community at depths from 10 to 30 m. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to demonstrate that bacteria comprised approximately 80%-95% of recoverable phylotypes. Archaeal phylotypes accounted for <5% of the community in microbialites exposed to the water column, while structures in sediment contact supported 4- to 5-fold higher archaeal abundance. Eukaryal phylotypes were rare and indicated common aquatic diatoms that were concluded not to be part of the microbialite community. Phylogenetic analysis of rRNA genes from clone libraries ( N = 491) revealed that alphaproteobacterial phylotypes were most abundant. Cyanobacterial phylotypes were highly diverse but resolved into 4 dominant genera: Acaryochloris, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus, and Pseudanabaena. Interestingly, microbialite cyanobacteria generally affiliated phylogenetically with aquatic and coral cyanobacterial groups rather than those from stromatolites. Other commonly encountered bacterial phylotypes were from members of the Acidobacteria, with relatively low abundance of the Betaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae, and Planctomycetes. Archaeal diversity ( N = 53) was largely accounted for by Euryarchaeota, with most phylotypes affiliated with freshwater methanogenic taxa. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Une analyse à domaines multiples, sans culture, de la biodiversité des structures de microbialites du lac Pavilion (C-B, Canada), une étendue alcaline froide, a mis au jour une communauté presque homogène à des profondeurs de 10-30 m. Par l'usage du PCR quantitatif en temps réel, on a démontré que les bactéries constituaient environ 80-95 % des phylotypes recueillables. Les phylotypes archéens représentaient <5 % de la communauté chez les microbialites exposés à la colonne d'eau, tandis que les structures en contact avec les sédiments renfermaient de 4 à 5 fois plus d'archéens. Les phylotypes eucaryotes étaient rare et se sont révélés êtres des diatomées aquatiques communes n'appartenant vraisemblablement pas à la communauté microbialitique. Une analyse phylogénétique des gènes d'ARNr de banques clonales ( N = 491) a révélé que les phylotypes alphaprotéobactériens étaient les plus abondants. Les phylotypes cyanobactériens étaient fortement diversifiés, mais se sont regroupés dans quatre genres dominants: Acaryochloris, Leptolyngbya, Microcoleus et Pseudanabaena. Il fut intéressant de constater que les cyanobactéries microbialitiques étaient généralement liées phylogénétiquement à des groupes de cyanobactéries aquatiques et coralliennes plutôt que stromatolitiques. Les autres phylotypes bactériens communs étaient dérivés des Acidobacteria, alors que les Betaproteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospirae et Planctomycetes étaient peu abondants. La diversité des archéens ( N = 53) tenait principalement des Euryarchaeota, dont la plupart des phylotypes étaient apparentés à des taxons de méthanogènes d'eau douce. [Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Microbiology is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REEFS
KW  - ALKALIES
KW  - LAKES
KW  - WATER -- Analysis
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - POLYMERASE chain reaction
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - biominéralisation
KW  - biomineralization
KW  - cyanobactéries
KW  - cyanobacteria
KW  - lac Pavilion
KW  - microbialite
KW  - Pavilion Lake
KW  - récifs
KW  - reefs
KW  - biominéralisation
KW  - cyanobactéries
KW  - lac Pavilion
KW  - microbialite
KW  - récifs
N1  - Accession Number: 96329854; Chan, Olivia W. Bugler-Lacap, Donnabella C. 1 Biddle, Jennifer F. 2 Lim, Darlene S. 3 McKay, Christopher P. 4 Pointing, Stephen B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, School of Applied Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.  2: College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Lewes, Del., USA.  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, Calif., USA.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calif., USA.; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 60 Issue 6, p391; Subject Term: REEFS; Subject Term: ALKALIES; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: WATER -- Analysis; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: POLYMERASE chain reaction; Subject Term: PHYLOGENY; Author-Supplied Keyword: biominéralisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomineralization; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobactéries; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: lac Pavilion; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbialite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pavilion Lake; Author-Supplied Keyword: récifs; Author-Supplied Keyword: reefs; Author-Supplied Keyword: biominéralisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: cyanobactéries; Author-Supplied Keyword: lac Pavilion; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbialite; Author-Supplied Keyword: récifs; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/cjm-2014-0024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davami, Keivan
AU  - Shaygan, Mehrdad
AU  - Kheirabi, Nazli
AU  - Zhao, Jiong
AU  - Kovalenko, Daria A.
AU  - Rümmeli, Mark H.
AU  - Opitz, Joerg
AU  - Cuniberti, Gianaurelio
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanowalls on different substrates by radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 72
M3  - Article
SP  - 372
EP  - 380
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Abstract: A radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system was used for the successful growth of thin vertical carbon nanowalls, also known as vertical graphene, on various substrates. Transmission electron microscopy studies confirmed the presence of vertical graphene walls, which are tapered, typically consisting of 10 layers at the base tapering off to 2 or 3 layers at the top. The sides of the walls are facetted at quantized angles of 30° and the facetted sides are usually seamless. Growth occurs at the top open edge which is not facetted. Hydrogen induced etching allows for nucleation of branch walls apparently involving a carbon onion-like structure at the root base. Characterization by a superconducting quantum interference device showed magnetic hysteresis loops and weak ferromagnetic responses from the samples at room temperature and below. Temperature dependence of the magnetization revealed a magnetic phase transition around T =50K highlighting the coexistence of antiferromagnetic interactions as well as ferromagnetic order. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO frequency
KW  - PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
KW  - CARBON
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - SYNTHESIS (Chemistry)
KW  - GRAPHENE
N1  - Accession Number: 94907987; Davami, Keivan 1 Shaygan, Mehrdad 1 Kheirabi, Nazli 1 Zhao, Jiong 2 Kovalenko, Daria A. 3,4 Rümmeli, Mark H. 2,5 Opitz, Joerg 3,4 Cuniberti, Gianaurelio 1,3 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr Meyyappan, M. 6; Email Address: m.meyyappan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea  2: IFW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany  3: Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany  4: Fraunhofer Institute for Non-Destructive Testing, Dresden Branch, 01109 Dresden, Germany  5: Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics, Institute for Basic Science, Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 72, p372; Subject Term: RADIO frequency; Subject Term: PLASMA-enhanced chemical vapor deposition; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: SYNTHESIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.02.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ma, Wenping
AU  - Jacobs, Gary
AU  - Sparks, Dennis E.
AU  - Spicer, Robert L.
AU  - Davis, Burtron H.
AU  - Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S.
AU  - Yen, Chia H.
T1  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Kinetics and water effect study over 25%Co/Al2O3 catalysts.
JO  - Catalysis Today
JF  - Catalysis Today
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 228
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 166
SN  - 09205861
AB  - Highlights: [•] Determining the kinetic water effect on cobalt is important but quite challenge. [•] Kinetic and water co-feeding approaches were used to study the kinetic water effect. [•] Experiments with Co/Al2O3 catalysts were conducted during periods of stable catalytic activity. [•] A positive kinetic water effect occurs on stable (e.g., aged) metallic Co particles. [•] The CAER model gave a good fit to the kinetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Catalysis Today is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FISCHER-Tropsch process
KW  - CATALYSTS -- Synthesis
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - Co/Al2O3
KW  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
KW  - Kinetic water effect
KW  - Kinetics
N1  - Accession Number: 95223198; Ma, Wenping 1 Jacobs, Gary 1 Sparks, Dennis E. 1 Spicer, Robert L. 1 Davis, Burtron H. 1; Email Address: burtron.davis@uky.edu Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S. 2 Yen, Chia H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 228, p158; Subject Term: FISCHER-Tropsch process; Subject Term: CATALYSTS -- Synthesis; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Co/Al2O3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fischer–Tropsch synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetic water effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cattod.2013.10.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Padula, S.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.
AU  - Saleeb, A.
AU  - Dhakal, B.
T1  - Transients and Evolution in NiTi.
JO  - Experimental Mechanics
JF  - Experimental Mechanics
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 54
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 709
EP  - 715
SN  - 00144851
AB  - Many of the applications that seek to utilize shape memory alloys for their unique set of properties inevitably must deal, on some level, with the dimensional instability that is inherent to these materials under cyclic thermomechanical loading conditions. As a result, a better understanding of the transient and evolutionary behavior of a shape memory alloy is critical to both the successful design of useful actuation systems and development of accurate material models that can adequately capture the types of dimensional instability that can arise during component design. To this end, a set of experiments were conducted wherein the temperature cycling excursion was held fixed while the applied stress was varied. The results indicated that the extent of strain evolution produced under the initially applied stress has a significant impact on both the amount of transient that is observed as well as the rate of evolution observed under subsequent stress levels. In particular, lowering the applied stress to 50 MPa after cycling under an initial stress of 75 MPa did not stabilize the strain. However, lowering the applied stress to 50 MPa after cycling under an initial stress of 150 MPa produced a nearly saturated strain/temperature response. The thermomechanical observations are discussed in terms of the nature of strain evolution and its connection to the concept of a local/global minimization of the energy of the system, however, the exact mechanisms associated with these strain evolutions were not determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical treatment
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - Attraction
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Load-bias
KW  - Shape memory alloy
KW  - Stabilization
KW  - Transients
N1  - Accession Number: 95905666; Padula, S. 1; Email Address: Santo.A.Padula@nasa.gov Gaydosh, D. 2 Saleeb, A. 3 Dhakal, B. 3; Affiliation:  1: N.A.S.A. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 44135 USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland 44142 USA  3: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron 44325 USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 54 Issue 5, p709; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical treatment; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Load-bias; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stabilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transients; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11340-013-9840-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Piroddi, Luca
AU  - Ranieri, Gaetano
AU  - Freund, Friedemann
AU  - Trogu, Antonio
T1  - Geology, tectonics and topography underlined by L'Aquila earthquake TIR precursors.
JO  - Geophysical Journal International
JF  - Geophysical Journal International
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 197
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1532
EP  - 1536
SN  - 0956540X
AB  - Anomalous thermal infrared (TIR) emissions have widely been detected by satellite sensors before the major earthquakes. A recent processing technique for geostationary thermal data, developed for the case of the 2009 April 6, magnitude 6.3 L'Aquila earthquake, makes it possible to identify areas of enhanced TIR emissions around the epicentral region at a mean distance of less than 50 km but inside a radius of about 100 km. The index, called Night Thermal Gradient (NTG), derived from 4-D time-series data (two spatial and two temporal coordinates), identifies TIR anomalies by following the temperature trend during night, when the surface of the Earth is expected to cool. Leading up to the L'Aquila earthquake, an anomalous warming trend was observed. In this study, the anomalous NTG pattern is compared to the expected normal trend, taking into account the seismogenic faults, the overall tectonic setting, lithological spatial features, the orography and world stress map near the epicentral region. Main results are that a certain lithological selectivity can be recognized and that the known main stress field and seismogenic faults seem to be less important than certain tectonic lineaments, which are classified as non-seismogenic. The strong correlation between the topography and the TIR anomalies is in agreement with proposed physical mechanism for the generation of TIR anomalies. This relation is, in turn, present mainly in correspondence to two tectonic lineaments which in particular are thrusts: therefore, strong compressive states seem to be a positive condition for the generation of TIR anomalies. The temporary modification of these stress fields have triggered the Paganica Fault to its normal rupture mechanism. It is important to note that the distances, over which the TIR anomalies occurred, are an order of magnitude larger than the estimated length of the main fault rupture. Pixel-by-pixel time-series comparisons between the maximum TIR anomaly area and the epicentre of the main shock show that the increase in radiative emission occurred in the areas of maximum TIR anomalies and did not start by spreading outward from the epicentral region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geophysical Journal International is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL geology
KW  - THERMAL gradient measurment
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - FAULTS (Geology)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - Dynamics: seismotectonics
KW  - Earthquake dynamics
KW  - Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction
KW  - Fractures and faults
KW  - Heat generation and transport
KW  - Spatial analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 96309045; Piroddi, Luca 1; Email Address: lucapiroddi@yahoo.it Ranieri, Gaetano 1 Freund, Friedemann 2,3 Trogu, Antonio 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering and Architecture (DICAAR), University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.  2: Earth Sci. Div., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 197 Issue 3, p1532; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL geology; Subject Term: THERMAL gradient measurment; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: FAULTS (Geology); Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamics: seismotectonics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake interaction, forecasting, and prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractures and faults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat generation and transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial analysis; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Bregon, Anibal
AU  - Roychoudhury, Indranil
T1  - Distributed Prognostics Based on Structural Model Decomposition.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 510
SN  - 00189529
AB  - Within systems health management, prognostics focuses on predicting the remaining useful life of a system. In the model-based prognostics paradigm, physics-based models are constructed that describe the operation of a system, and how it fails. Such approaches consist of an estimation phase, in which the health state of the system is first identified, and a prediction phase, in which the health state is projected forward in time to determine the end of life. Centralized solutions to these problems are often computationally expensive, do not scale well as the size of the system grows, and introduce a single point of failure. In this paper, we propose a novel distributed model-based prognostics scheme that formally describes how to decompose both the estimation and prediction problems into computationally-independent local subproblems whose solutions may be easily composed into a global solution. The decomposition of the prognostics problem is achieved through structural decomposition of the underlying models. The decomposition algorithm creates from the global system model a set of local submodels suitable for prognostics. Computationally independent local estimation and prediction problems are formed based on these local submodels, resulting in a scalable distributed prognostics approach that allows the local subproblems to be solved in parallel, thus offering increases in computational efficiency. Using a centrifugal pump as a case study, we perform a number of simulation-based experiments to demonstrate the distributed approach, compare the performance with a centralized approach, and establish its scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISTRIBUTED computing
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - SYSTEMS theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Computer architecture
KW  - distributed prognostics
KW  - Estimation
KW  - Impellers
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - Model-based prognostics
KW  - Predictive models
KW  - Pumps
KW  - structural model decomposition
N1  - Accession Number: 96313142; Daigle, Matthew J. 1 Bregon, Anibal 2 Roychoudhury, Indranil 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Computer Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 63 Issue 2, p495; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTED computing; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: SYSTEMS theory; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: distributed prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impellers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-based prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictive models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pumps; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural model decomposition; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2014.2313791
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96313142&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sankararaman, Shankar
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Uncertainty Quantification in Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using First-Order Reliability Methods.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 603
EP  - 619
SN  - 00189529
AB  - In this paper, we investigate the use of first-order reliability methods to quantify the uncertainty in the remaining useful life (RUL) estimate of components used in engineering applications. The prediction of RUL is affected by several sources of uncertainty, and it is important to systematically quantify their combined effect on the RUL prediction in order to aid risk assessment, risk mitigation, and decision-making. While sampling-based algorithms have been conventionally used for quantifying the uncertainty in RUL, analytical approaches are computationally cheaper, and sometimes they are better suited for online decision-making. Exact analytical algorithms may not be available for practical engineering applications, but effective approximations can be made using first-order reliability methods. This paper describes three first-order reliability-based methods for RUL uncertainty quantification: first-order second moment method (FOSM), the first-order reliability method (FORM), and the inverse first-order reliability method (inverse-FORM). The inverse-FORM methodology is particularly useful in the context of online health monitoring, and this method is illustrated using the power system of an unmanned aerial vehicle, where the goal is to predict the end of discharge of a lithium-ion battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Analytical algorithms
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - first-order reliability method
KW  - ithium-ion battery
KW  - Load modeling
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - model-based prognostics
KW  - Predictive models
KW  - probability distribution
KW  - Prognostics and health management
KW  - Reliability
KW  - remaining useful life
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 96313138; Sankararaman, Shankar 1 Daigle, Matthew J. 2 Goebel, Kai 2; Affiliation:  1: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 63 Issue 2, p603; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Analytical algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: first-order reliability method; Author-Supplied Keyword: ithium-ion battery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Load modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: model-based prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictive models; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prognostics and health management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: remaining useful life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2014.2313801
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96313138&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cumbers, John
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
T1  - Salt tolerance and polyphyly in the cyanobacterium Chroococcidiopsis ( Pleurocapsales).
JO  - Journal of Phycology
JF  - Journal of Phycology
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 482
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00223646
AB  - Chroococcidiopsis Geitler ( Geitler 1933) is a genus of cyanobacteria containing desiccation and radiation resistant strains. Members of the genus live in habitats ranging from hot and cold deserts to fresh and saltwater environments. Morphology and cell division pattern have historically been used to define the genus. To better understand the evolution and ability of the Chroococcidiopsis genus to survive in diverse environments we investigated how salt tolerance varies among 15 strains previously isolated from different locations, and if salt tolerant strains are monophyletic to those isolated from freshwater and land environments. Four markers were sequenced from these 15 strains, the 16S r RNA, rbcL, desC1, and gltX genes. Phylogenetic trees were generated which identified a distinct clade of salt-tolerant strains. This study demonstrates that the genus is polyphyletic based on saltwater and freshwater phenotypes. To understand the resistance to salt in more details, the strains were grown on a range of sea salt concentrations which demonstrated that the freshwater strains were salt-intolerant whilst the saltwater strains required salt for growth. This study shows an increased resolution of the phylogeny of Chroococcidiopsis and provides further evidence that the genus is polyphyletic and should be reclassified to improve clarity in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Phycology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - DEHYDRATION (Physiology)
KW  - SALINE waters
KW  - CELL division (Biology)
KW  - PHENOTYPE
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - BACTERIA -- Morphology
KW  - Chroococcidiopsis
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - extremophile
KW  - halophile
KW  - halophyly
KW  - halotolerance
KW  - moderate halophile
KW  - phylogenetics
KW  - Pleurocapsales
KW  - salt tolerance
N1  - Accession Number: 96324552; Cumbers, John 1,2 Rothschild, Lynn J. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Space Portal/SynBioBeta, NASA Ames Research Center  2: Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, Brown University  3: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p472; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: DEHYDRATION (Physiology); Subject Term: SALINE waters; Subject Term: CELL division (Biology); Subject Term: PHENOTYPE; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: BACTERIA -- Morphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chroococcidiopsis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: extremophile; Author-Supplied Keyword: halophile; Author-Supplied Keyword: halophyly; Author-Supplied Keyword: halotolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: moderate halophile; Author-Supplied Keyword: phylogenetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pleurocapsales; Author-Supplied Keyword: salt tolerance; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jpy.12169
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96324552&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Koepke, M. E.
AU  - Zimmerman, M. I.
AU  - Farrell, W. M.
AU  - Demidov, V. I.
T1  - Analytical model for gyro-phase drift arising from abrupt inhomogeneity.
JO  - Journal of Plasma Physics
JF  - Journal of Plasma Physics
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 80
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 404
SN  - 00223778
AB  - If a magnetized-orbit-charged grain encounters any abrupt inhomogeneity in plasma conditions during a gyro-orbit, such that the resulting in-situ equilibrium charge is significantly different between these regions (q1/q2 ~ 2, where q1 is the in-situ equilibrium charge on one side of the inhomogeneity, q2 is the in-situ equilibrium charge on the other side, and q1 < q2 < 0), then the capacitive effects of charging and discharging of the dust grain can result in a modification to the orbit-averaged grain trajectory, i.e. gyro-phase drift. The special case of q1/q2 is notioned for the purpose of illustrating the utility of the method. An analytical expression is derived for the grain velocity, assuming a capacitor approximation to the OML charging model. For cases in which a strong electric field suddenly appears in the wake or at the space-plasma-to-crater interface from solar wind and/or ultraviolet illumination and in which a magnetic field permeates an asteroid, comet, or moon, this model could contribute to the interpretation of the distribution of fields and particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Plasma Physics is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC charge & distribution
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - EQUILIBRIUM
KW  - CAPACITORS
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 95697489; Walker, Jeffrey J. 1 Koepke, M. E. 1 Zimmerman, M. I. 2 Farrell, W. M. 2 Demidov, V. I. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, West Virginia Univeristy, Morgantown WV 26506, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt MD 20771, USA  3: University ITMO, Kronverkskiy pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 80 Issue 3, p395; Subject Term: ELECTRIC charge & distribution; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: EQUILIBRIUM; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/S0022377813001359
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
T1  - Silica Activity Measurements in the Y2 O3- SiO2 System and Applications to Modeling of Coating Volatility.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 97
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1959
EP  - 1965
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Rare-earth silicate compounds, such as those in the Y2 O3- SiO2 system, are promising candidates for coatings of SiC-based ceramics and ceramic matrix composites in combustion environments. The predicted lower activity of silica in these silicates will lead to less reactivity with the water vapor combustion products. A procedure for measuring silica activities in this system is discussed. Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry is used and the measured vapor pressure of SiO( g) is correlated to activity. Due to the low vapor pressure of SiO( g) in the temperature range of interest, a reducing agent is utilized to boost this vapor pressure without altering the solid-state composition. In addition, corrections are made for nonequilibrium vaporization. The measured silica activities are: Y2O3 + Y2O3·SiO2 two phase field: log[a(SiO2)] = −5200.26(1/T) + 0.0567 (1532 < T(K) < 1670) Y2O3·SiO2 + Y2O3·2SiO2 two phase field: log[a(SiO2)] = 4.2252(1/T)−0.5531 (1628 < T(K) < 1747) It is shown how these results can be used to predict reduced volatilization rates of the coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICA
KW  - YTTRIUM compounds
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - VAPOR pressure
KW  - SILICON oxide
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
N1  - Accession Number: 96310839; Jacobson, Nathan S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 97 Issue 6, p1959; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: YTTRIUM compounds; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: VAPOR pressure; Subject Term: SILICON oxide; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jace.12974
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96310839&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Patel Nagaraja, Mamta
AU  - Hanjoong Jo
T1  - The Role of Mechanical Stimulation in Recovery of Bone Loss--High versus Low Magnitude and Frequency of Force.
JO  - Life (2075-1729)
JF  - Life (2075-1729)
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 130
SN  - 20751729
AB  - Musculoskeletal pathologies associated with decreased bone mass, including osteoporosis and disuse-induced bone loss, affect millions of Americans annually. Microgravity-induced bone loss presents a similar concern for astronauts during space missions. Many pharmaceutical treatments have slowed osteoporosis, and recent data shows promise for countermeasures for bone loss observed in astronauts. Additionally, high magnitude and low frequency impact such as running has been recognized to increase bone and muscle mass under normal but not microgravity conditions. However, a low magnitude and high frequency (LMHF) mechanical load experienced in activities such as postural control, has also been shown to be anabolic to bone. While several clinical trials have demonstrated that LMHF mechanical loading normalizes bone loss in vivo, the target tissues and cells of the mechanical load and underlying mechanisms mediating the responses are unknown. In this review, we provide an overview of bone adaptation under a variety of loading profiles and the potential for a low magnitude loading as a way to counteract bone loss as experienced by astronauts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Life (2075-1729) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BONES -- Diseases
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Diseases
KW  - OSTEOPOROSIS
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - astronauts
KW  - bone loss
KW  - mechanical stimulation
KW  - spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 96813982; Patel Nagaraja, Mamta 1; Email Address: mamta.nagaraja@nasa.gov Hanjoong Jo 2,3; Email Address: hjo@bme.gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058, USA  2: Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Health Sciences Research Building, E170, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA  3: Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p117; Subject Term: BONES -- Diseases; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Diseases; Subject Term: OSTEOPOROSIS; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: astronauts; Author-Supplied Keyword: bone loss; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanical stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/life4020117
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96813982&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science- XXIV: William K. Hartmann.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 49
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1119
EP  - 1138
SN  - 10869379
AB  - In this interview, William Hartmann (Bill, Fig. ) describes how he was inspired as a teenager by a map of the Moon in an encyclopedia and by the paintings by Chesley Bonestell. Through the amateur journal 'Strolling Astronomer,' he shared his interests with other teenagers who became lifelong colleagues. At college, he participated in Project Moonwatch, observing early artificial satellites. In graduate school, under Gerard Kuiper, Bill discovered Mare Orientale and other large concentric lunar basin structures. In the 1960s and 1970s, he used crater densities to study surface ages and erosive/depositional effects, predicted the approximately 3.6 Gyr ages of the lunar maria before the Apollo samples, discovered the intense pre-mare lunar bombardment, deduced the youthful Martian volcanism as part of the Mariner 9 team, and proposed (with Don Davis) the giant impact model for lunar origin. In 1972, he helped found (what is now) the Planetary Science Institute. From the late 1970s to early 1990s, Bill worked mostly with Dale Cruikshank and Dave Tholen at Mauna Kea Observatory, helping to break down the Victorian paradigm that separated comets and asteroids, and determining the approximately 4% albedo of comet nuclei. Most recently, Bill has worked with the imaging teams for several additional Mars missions. He has written three college textbooks and, since the 1970s, after painting illustrations for his textbooks, has devoted part of his time to painting, having had several exhibitions. He has also published two novels. Bill Hartmann won the 2010 Barringer Award for impact studies and the first Carl Sagan Award for outreach in 1997. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - COMETARY nuclei
KW  - MOON
KW  - MAPS
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Volcanism
KW  - STUDY & teaching
KW  - HARTMANN, William -- Interviews
N1  - Accession Number: 96442932; Sears, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center/BAER Institute; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 49 Issue 6, p1119; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: COMETARY nuclei; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: MAPS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Volcanism; Subject Term: STUDY & teaching; People: HARTMANN, William -- Interviews; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12298
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96442932&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shepherd, T. G.
AU  - Plummer, D. A.
AU  - Scinocca, J. F.
AU  - Hegglin, M. I.
AU  - Fioletov, V. E.
AU  - Reader, M. C.
AU  - Remsberg, E.
AU  - von Clarmann, T.
AU  - Wang, H. J.
T1  - Reconciliation of halogen-induced ozone loss with the total-column ozone record.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 449
SN  - 17520894
AB  - The observed depletion of the ozone layer from the 1980s onwards is attributed to halogen source gases emitted by human activities. However, the precision of this attribution is complicated by year-to-year variations in meteorology, that is, dynamical variability, and by changes in tropospheric ozone concentrations. As such, key aspects of the total-column ozone record, which combines changes in both tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, remain unexplained, such as the apparent absence of a decline in total-column ozone levels before 1980, and of any long-term decline in total-column ozone levels in the tropics. Here we use a chemistry-climate model to estimate changes in halogen-induced ozone loss between 1960 and 2010; the model is constrained by observed meteorology to remove the effects of dynamical variability, and driven by emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors to separate out changes in tropospheric ozone. We show that halogen-induced ozone loss closely followed stratospheric halogen loading over the studied period. Pronounced enhancements in ozone loss were apparent in both hemispheres following the volcanic eruptions of El Chichon and, in particular, Mount Pinatubo, which significantly enhanced stratospheric aerosol loads. We further show that approximately 40% of the long-term non-volcanic ozone loss occurred before 1980, and that long-term ozone loss also occurred in the tropical stratosphere. Finally, we show that halogen-induced ozone loss has declined by over 10% since stratospheric halogen loading peaked in the late 1990s, indicating that the recovery of the ozone layer is well underway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Geoscience is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - HALOGENS
KW  - OZONE layer depletion
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
N1  - Accession Number: 102418818; Shepherd, T. G. 1 Plummer, D. A. 2 Scinocca, J. F. 2 Hegglin, M. I. 1 Fioletov, V. E. 3 Reader, M. C. 4 Remsberg, E. 5 von Clarmann, T. 6 Wang, H. J. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6BB, UK  2: Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3V6, Canada  3: Environment Canada, 4905 Dufferin Street Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T4, Canada  4: School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 3P6, Canada  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA  6: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany  7: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0340, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 7 Issue 6, p443; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: HALOGENS; Subject Term: OZONE layer depletion; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo2155
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Preston, Alix
AU  - Merkowitz, Stephen
T1  - Comparison of fabrication techniques for hollow retroreflectors.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00913286
AB  - Despite the wide usage of hollow retroreflectors, there is limited literature involving their fabrication techniques and only two documented construction methods could be found. One consists of an adjustable fixture that allows for the independent alignment of each mirror, while the other consists of a modified solid retroreflector that is used as a mandrel. Although both methods were shown to produce hollow retroreflectors with arc second dihedral angle errors, a comparison and analysis of each method could not be found, which makes it difficult to ascertain which method would be better suited to use for precision-aligned retroreflectors. Although epoxy bonding is generally the preferred method to adhere the three mirrors, a relatively new method known as hydroxide-catalysis bonding (HCB) presents several potential advantages over epoxy bonding. HCB has been used to bond several optical components for space-based missions, but has never been applied for construction of hollow retroreflectors. We examine the benefits and limitations of each bonding fixture as well as the present results and analysis of hollow retroreflectors made using both epoxy and HCB techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RETROREFLECTORS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FABRICATION (Manufacturing)
KW  - OPTICAL elements
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - DIHEDRAL angles (Chemistry)
KW  - epoxy
KW  - fabrication techniques
KW  - hollow retroreflectors
KW  - hydroxide-catalysis bonding
KW  - optics
N1  - Accession Number: 97480080; Preston, Alix 1 Merkowitz, Stephen 1; Email Address: stephen.m.merkowitz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: RETROREFLECTORS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FABRICATION (Manufacturing); Subject Term: OPTICAL elements; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: DIHEDRAL angles (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: epoxy; Author-Supplied Keyword: fabrication techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: hollow retroreflectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydroxide-catalysis bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: optics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1117/1.OE.53.6.065107
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan M.
AU  - Lian Duan
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
T1  - Nonlinear development and secondary instability of traveling crossflow vortices.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Building upon the prior research targeting the laminar breakdown mechanisms associated with stationary crossflow instability over a swept-wing configuration, this paper investigates the secondary instability of traveling crossflow modes as an alternate scenario for transition. For the parameter range investigated herein, this alternate scenario is shown to be viable unless the initial amplitudes of the traveling crossflow instability are lower than those of the stationary modes by considerably more than one order of magnitude. The linear growth predictions based on the secondary instability theory are found to agree well with both parabolized stability equations and direct numerical simulation, and the most significant discrepancies among the various predictions are limited to spatial regions of relatively weak secondary growth, i.e., regions where the primary disturbance amplitudes are smaller in comparison to their peak values. Nonlinear effects on secondary instability evolution are also investigated and found to be initially stabilizing when they first come into play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TRAVELING waves (Physics)
KW  - VORTEX methods
KW  - STANDING waves
KW  - LAMINAR flow
N1  - Accession Number: 96971515; Fei Li 1; Email Address: fei.li@nasa.gov Choudhari, Meelan M. 1; Email Address: meelan.m.choudhari@nasa.gov Lian Duan 2; Email Address: duanl@mst.edu Chau-Lyan Chang 1; Email Address: chau-lyan.chang@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TRAVELING waves (Physics); Subject Term: VORTEX methods; Subject Term: STANDING waves; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4883256
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramé, Enrique
AU  - Zimmerli, Gregory A.
T1  - Analysis of capillary drainage from a flat solid strip.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 26
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - A long and narrow solid strip coated with a thin liquid layer is used as a model of a generic fluidmass probe in a spacecraft propellant tank just after a small thruster firing. The drainage dynamics of the initial coating layer into the settled bulk fluid affects the interpretation of probe measurements as the sensors' signal depends strongly on whether a sensor is in contact with vapor or with liquid. We analyze the drainage under various conditions of zero-gravity (i.e., capillary drainage) and with gravity aligned with the strip length, corresponding to the thruster acceleration. Long-time analytical solutions are found for zero and non-zero gravity. In the case with gravity, an approximate solution is found using matched asymptotics. Estimates show that a thrust of 10-³g0 significantly reduces drainage times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAINAGE
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 96971502; Ramé, Enrique 1; Email Address: enrique.rame-1@nasa.gov Zimmerli, Gregory A. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, c/o NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 26 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: DRAINAGE; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4879827
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - B. Franz, Heather
AU  - G. Trainer, Melissa
AU  - H. Wong, Michael
AU  - L.K. Manning, Heidi
AU  - C. Stern, Jennifer
AU  - R. Mahaffy, Paul
AU  - K. Atreya, Sushil
AU  - Benna, Mehdi
AU  - G. Conrad, Pamela
AU  - N. Harpold, Dan
AU  - A. Leshin, Laurie
AU  - A. Malespin, Charles
AU  - P. McKay, Christopher
AU  - Thomas Nolan, J.
AU  - Raaen, Eric
T1  - Analytical techniques for retrieval of atmospheric composition with the quadrupole mass spectrometer of the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument suite on Mars Science Laboratory.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 113
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Abstract: The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instrument suite is the largest scientific payload on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover, which landed in Mars׳ Gale Crater in August 2012. As a miniature geochemical laboratory, SAM is well-equipped to address multiple aspects of MSL׳s primary science goal, characterizing the potential past or present habitability of Gale Crater. Atmospheric measurements support this goal through compositional investigations relevant to martian climate evolution. SAM instruments include a quadrupole mass spectrometer, a tunable laser spectrometer, and a gas chromatograph that are used to analyze martian atmospheric gases as well as volatiles released by pyrolysis of solid surface materials (Mahaffy et al., 2012). This report presents analytical methods for retrieving the chemical and isotopic composition of Mars׳ atmosphere from measurements obtained with SAM׳s quadrupole mass spectrometer. It provides empirical calibration constants for computing volume mixing ratios of the most abundant atmospheric species and analytical functions to correct for instrument artifacts and to characterize measurement uncertainties. Finally, we discuss differences in volume mixing ratios of the martian atmosphere as determined by SAM (Mahaffy et al., 2013) and Viking (Owen et al., 1977; Oyama and Berdahl, 1977) from an analytical perspective. Although the focus of this paper is atmospheric observations, much of the material concerning corrections for instrumental effects also applies to reduction of data acquired with SAM from analysis of solid samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC composition
KW  - QUADRUPOLE mass analyzers
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - OBSERVATIONS
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Curiosity Rover
KW  - Isotopes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory
KW  - Sample Analysis at Mars investigation
N1  - Accession Number: 96188171; B. Franz, Heather 1,2; Email Address: heather.b.franz@nasa.gov G. Trainer, Melissa 2 H. Wong, Michael 3 L.K. Manning, Heidi 4 C. Stern, Jennifer 2 R. Mahaffy, Paul 2 K. Atreya, Sushil 3 Benna, Mehdi 1,2 G. Conrad, Pamela 2 N. Harpold, Dan 2 A. Leshin, Laurie 5 A. Malespin, Charles 2,6 P. McKay, Christopher 7 Thomas Nolan, J. 2,8 Raaen, Eric 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science & Technology, UMBC, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  4: Concordia College, Moorhead, MN 56562, USA  5: Renssalaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA  6: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  7: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Nolan Engineering, LLC, Kensington, MD 20895, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 96, p99; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC composition; Subject Term: QUADRUPOLE mass analyzers; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: OBSERVATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curiosity Rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sample Analysis at Mars investigation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2014.03.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Musielak, Z E
AU  - Quarles, B
T1  - The three-body problem.
JO  - Reports on Progress in Physics
JF  - Reports on Progress in Physics
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 77
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00344885
AB  - The three-body problem, which describes three masses interacting through Newtonian gravity without any restrictions imposed on the initial positions and velocities of these masses, has attracted the attention of many scientists for more than 300 years. In this paper, we present a review of the three-body problem in the context of both historical and modern developments. We describe the general and restricted (circular and elliptic) three-body problems, different analytical and numerical methods of finding solutions, methods for performing stability analysis and searching for periodic orbits and resonances. We apply the results to some interesting problems of celestial mechanics. We also provide a brief presentation of the general and restricted relativistic three-body problems, and discuss their astronomical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Reports on Progress in Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEWTON'S law of gravitation
KW  - VELOCITY
KW  - COMBINATORIAL dynamics
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 96450532; Musielak, Z E 1; Email Address: zmusielak@uta.edu Quarles, B 2; Email Address: billy.l.quarles@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035,USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 77 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: NEWTON'S law of gravitation; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL dynamics; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0034-4885/77/6/065901
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mckay, Christopher P.
AU  - Garcia, Victor Parro
T1  - HOW TO SEARCH FOR LIFE ON MARS.
JO  - Scientific American
JF  - Scientific American
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 310
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 49
PB  - Scientific American
SN  - 00368733
AB  - The article discusses the search for life on Mars, focusing on examination of scientific techniques and methods as of June 2014 that could be used on a Mars mission to test for signs of life. Topics include criticism of the methods used by the Viking spacecraft missions in 1976 to test for life on Mars, the implications of the discoveries of organic compounds and evidence of former liquid water on Mars, and the application of techniques such as DNA detection and immunoassays on future missions.
KW  - LIFE on Mars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARS probes
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - WATER
KW  - VIKING spacecraft
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 96101300; Mckay, Christopher P. 1 Garcia, Victor Parro 2; Affiliation:  1: Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center  2: Scientist, Center for Astrobiology in Spain; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 310 Issue 6, p44; Subject Term: LIFE on Mars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARS probes; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: VIKING spacecraft; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 5 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 2576
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ahn, Jaemyung
AU  - Weck, Olivier L.
AU  - Steele, Martin
T1  - Credibility Assessment of Models and Simulations Based on NASA's Models and Simulation Standard Using the Delphi Method.
JO  - Systems Engineering
JF  - Systems Engineering
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 237
EP  - 248
SN  - 10981241
AB  - ABSTRACT This paper introduces a procedure to assess the credibility of models and simulations (M&S) as a group activity based on NASA's new standard for M&S NASA-STD-7009. The Delphi method, which is characterized by iterative surveys with controlled feedback, was selected to implement the assessment. The proposed procedure is expected to address the issues in the M&S assessment related to a high level of required expertise and group decision making. An actual credibility assessment study using the proposed procedure on an M&S platform referred to as SpaceNet has been carried out by ten panel members through a two-round Delphi. The study concluded that the overall credibility of SpaceNet version 1.3 was between the development level and production level. The variances of the assessments in the second-round survey were significantly reduced compared with the first-round results, which indicates the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Systems Engineering is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENGINEERING models
KW  - DELPHI method
KW  - SYSTEMS engineering
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - credibility assessment
KW  - Delphi method
KW  - models and simulations
KW  - SpaceNet
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 95562341; Ahn, Jaemyung 1 Weck, Olivier L. 2 Steele, Martin 3; Affiliation:  1: Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)  2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, John F. Kennedy Space Center, Kennedy Space Center; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p237; Subject Term: ENGINEERING models; Subject Term: DELPHI method; Subject Term: SYSTEMS engineering; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: credibility assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delphi method; Author-Supplied Keyword: models and simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: SpaceNet; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/sys.21266
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Georgiadis, Nicholas
AU  - Yoder, Dennis
AU  - Vyas, Manan
AU  - Engblom, William
T1  - Status of turbulence modeling for hypersonic propulsion flowpaths.
JO  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2014/06//
VL  - 28
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 318
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09354964
AB  - This report provides an assessment of current turbulent flow calculation methods for hypersonic propulsion flowpaths, particularly the scramjet engine. Emphasis is placed on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods, but some discussion of newer methods such as large eddy simulation (LES) is also provided. The report is organized by considering technical issues throughout the scramjet-powered vehicle flowpath, including laminar-to-turbulent boundary layer transition, shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interactions, scalar transport modeling (specifically the significance of turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers), and compressible mixing. Unit problems are primarily used to conduct the assessment. In the combustor, results from calculations of a direct connect supersonic combustion experiment are also used to address the effects of turbulence model selection and in particular settings for the turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers. It is concluded that RANS turbulence modeling shortfalls are still a major limitation to the accuracy of hypersonic propulsion simulations, whether considering individual components or an overall system. Newer methods such as LES-based techniques may be promising, but are not yet at a maturity to be used routinely by the hypersonic propulsion community. The need for fundamental experiments to provide data for turbulence model development and validation is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical & Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - Hypersonic propulsion
KW  - Scramjet
KW  - Turbulence
KW  - Turbulence model
N1  - Accession Number: 95964804; Georgiadis, Nicholas 1; Email Address: georgiadis@nasa.gov Yoder, Dennis 1 Vyas, Manan 1 Engblom, William 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 44135 USA  2: Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach 32114 USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 28 Issue 3, p295; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersonic propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scramjet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence model; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00162-013-0316-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arens, Ellen E.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
T1  - Intensity calibrated hydrogen flame spectrum.
JO  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
JF  - International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
Y1  - 2014/06/05/
VL  - 39
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 9545
EP  - 9551
SN  - 03603199
AB  - Abstract: The detection of hydrogen fires is important to the aerospace community. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has devoted significant effort to the development, testing, and installation of hydrogen fire detectors based on ultraviolet, near-infrared, mid-infrared, and/or far-infrared flame emission bands. Yet, there is no intensity calibrated hydrogen-air flame spectrum over this range in the literature and consequently, it can be difficult to compare the merits of different radiation-based hydrogen fire detectors. In this paper we present an intensity calibrated irradiance spectrum for a low pressure hydrogen flame burning in air from 200 nm to 13.5 microns that varies by more than six orders of magnitude. The results resolve relative intensity errors between spectral bands that appear within the literature. The impact of the measured spectrum on the choice of radiation-based hydrogen fire detectors is discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Hydrogen Energy is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN flames
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - SPECTRAL irradiance
KW  - Fire detection
KW  - Flame spectroscopy
KW  - Hydrogen fire detection
KW  - Hydrogen flame spectroscopy
KW  - Infrared fire detection
KW  - Ultraviolet fire detection
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 96020814; Arens, Ellen E. 1 Youngquist, Robert C. 1; Email Address: Robert.C.Youngquist@nasa.gov Starr, Stanley O. 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail-Stop NE-L5, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 39 Issue 17, p9545; Subject Term: HYDROGEN flames; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: SPECTRAL irradiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen flame spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet fire detection; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2014.04.043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Merlo, Matthew J.
AU  - Perlman, Eric S.
AU  - Nikutta, Robert
AU  - Packham, Christopher
AU  - Elitzur, Moshe
AU  - Imanishi, Masatoshi
AU  - Levenson, N. A.
AU  - Radomski, James T.
AU  - Aretxaga, Itziar
T1  - SUBARU SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL MODELING OF CYGNUS A.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/06/10/
VL  - 788
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present high angular resolution (∼0.″5) MIR spectra of the powerful radio galaxy, Cygnus A (Cyg A), obtained with the Subaru telescope. The overall shape of the spectra agree with previous high angular resolution MIR observations, as well as previous Spitzer spectra. Our spectra, both on and off nucleus, show a deep silicate absorption feature. The absorption feature can be modeled with a blackbody obscured by cold dust or a clumpy torus. The deep silicate feature is best fit by a simple model of a screened blackbody, suggesting that foreground absorption plays a significant, if not dominant, role in shaping the spectrum of Cyg A. This foreground absorption prevents a clear view of the central engine and surrounding torus, making it difficult to quantify the extent the torus attributes to the obscuration of the central engine, but does not eliminate the need for a torus in Cyg A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIO galaxies
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALAXIES -- Spectra
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - ACTIVE galaxies
KW  - CYGNUS A
KW  - BLACK body (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 96258622; Merlo, Matthew J. 1 Perlman, Eric S. 1 Nikutta, Robert 2,3 Packham, Christopher 4 Elitzur, Moshe 3 Imanishi, Masatoshi 5 Levenson, N. A. 6 Radomski, James T. 7 Aretxaga, Itziar 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0055, USA  3: Departamento de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Av. República 252, Santiago, Chile  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA  5: Subaru Telescope, 650 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  6: Gemini Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  7: SOFIA/USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Calle Luis Erro 1, Sta. Ma. Tonantzintla, Puebla, Mexico; Source Info: 6/10/2014, Vol. 788 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: RADIO galaxies; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Spectra; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Subject Term: ACTIVE galaxies; Subject Term: CYGNUS A; Subject Term: BLACK body (Physics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Domínguez Sánchez, H.
AU  - Bongiovanni, A.
AU  - Lara-López, M. A.
AU  - Oteo, I.
AU  - Cepa, J.
AU  - Pérez García, A. M.
AU  - Sánchez-Portal, M.
AU  - Ederoclite, A.
AU  - Lutz, D.
AU  - Cresci, G.
AU  - Delvecchio, I.
AU  - Berta, S.
AU  - Magnelli, B.
AU  - Popesso, P.
AU  - Pozzi, F.
AU  - Riguccini, L.
T1  - Herschel far-IR counterparts of SDSS galaxies: analysis of commonly used star formation rate estimates.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/06/11/
VL  - 441
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 23
SN  - 00358711
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - GALAXIES -- Formation
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY theories
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - galaxies: fundamental parameters
KW  - galaxies: star formation
KW  - infrared: galaxies
KW  - SLOAN Digital Sky Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 96310460; Domínguez Sánchez, H. 1,2,3 Bongiovanni, A. 1,3 Lara-López, M. A. 4 Oteo, I. 1,3 Cepa, J. 1,3 Pérez García, A. M. 1,3 Sánchez-Portal, M. 5 Ederoclite, A. 6 Lutz, D. 7 Cresci, G. 8 Delvecchio, I. 9 Berta, S. 7 Magnelli, B. 7 Popesso, P. 7 Pozzi, F. 9 Riguccini, L. 10,11; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Spain  2: Centro de Astrobiología, Departamento de Astrofísica, CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Ajalvir km. 4, E-28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain  3: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de la Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Spain  4: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 915, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia  5: Herschel Science Center, INSA/ESAC, E-28692 Madrid, Spain  6: Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón, Plaza de San Juan 1, E-44001 Teruel, Spain  7: MPE, Postfach 1312, D-85741 Garching, Germany  8: INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125 Firenze, Italy  9: Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: BAER Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 441 Issue 1, p2; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Formation; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY theories; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: star formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: galaxies; Company/Entity: SLOAN Digital Sky Survey; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramiaramanantsoa, Tahina
AU  - Moffat, Anthony F. J.
AU  - Chené, André-Nicolas
AU  - Richardson, Noel D.
AU  - Henrichs, Huib F.
AU  - Desforges, Sébastien
AU  - Antoci, Victoria
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Matthews, Jaymie M.
AU  - Kuschnig, Rainer
AU  - Weiss, Werner W.
AU  - Sasselov, Dimitar
AU  - Rucinski, Slavek M.
AU  - Guenther, David B.
T1  - MOST detects corotating bright spots on the mid-O-type giant ξ Persei★†.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/06/11/
VL  - 441
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 910
EP  - 917
SN  - 00358711
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - STARSPOTS
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - starspots
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 96310466; Ramiaramanantsoa, Tahina 1,2 Moffat, Anthony F. J. 1 Chené, André-Nicolas 3,4,5 Richardson, Noel D. 1 Henrichs, Huib F. 6 Desforges, Sébastien 1 Antoci, Victoria 7 Rowe, Jason F. 8 Matthews, Jaymie M. 9 Kuschnig, Rainer 9,10 Weiss, Werner W. 10 Sasselov, Dimitar 11 Rucinski, Slavek M. 12 Guenther, David B. 13; Affiliation:  1: Département de physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  2: Centre de Recherche en Astrophysique du Québec (CRAQ), Canada  3: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Centre, 670 North A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  4: Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 5030, Chile  5: Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Chile  6: Astronomical Institute ‘Anton Pannekoek’, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, NL-1098 XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands  7: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  10: Institute for Astronomy, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  11: Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  12: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada  13: Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Department of Astronomy and Physics, St Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 441 Issue 1, p910; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: massive; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: starspots; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Xiao, Xiangming
AU  - Suyker, Andrew
AU  - Verma, Shashi
AU  - Tan, Bin
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
T1  - Estimation of crop gross primary production (GPP): I. impact of MODIS observation footprint and impact of vegetation BRDF characteristics.
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2014/06/15/
VL  - 191
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 63
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Highlights: [•] We report MODIS observation footprint impact and BRDF impact on crop daily GPP estimates. [•] Both impacts varied with crop types, irrigation options, and vegetation index options. [•] Crop daily GPP estimation reduced uncertainty by combining only observations with view angle ≤35°. [•] The model with offset had better performance than the model without offset. [•] EVI and CIgreen had different probabilities to perform best among the four VIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - AGRICULTURAL productivity
KW  - IRRIGATION
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - AGRICULTURE
KW  - BRDF
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Daily GPP
KW  - Footprint
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 95216073; Zhang, Qingyuan 1,2; Email Address: qyz72@yahoo.com Cheng, Yen-Ben 2,3 Lyapustin, Alexei I. 4 Wang, Yujie 2,5 Xiao, Xiangming 6 Suyker, Andrew 7 Verma, Shashi 7 Tan, Bin 8 Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Unversities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Code 618, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Earth Resources Technology, Inc. , Laurel, MD 20707, USA  4: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Code 613, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA  6: Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA  7: School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA  8: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706 USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 191, p51; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Subject Term: IRRIGATION; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: BRDF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: Daily GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Footprint; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.02.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Q.-L.
AU  - Li, R.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Joseph, E.
AU  - Morris, V.
AU  - Hu, Y.
AU  - Li, S.W.
AU  - Wang, S.
T1  - Impacts of mineral dust on ice clouds in tropical deep convection systems.
JO  - Atmospheric Research
JF  - Atmospheric Research
Y1  - 2014/06/15/
VL  - 143
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 72
SN  - 01698095
AB  - Abstract: Multi-platform and multi-sensor observations are used to study the impacts of mineral dust on ice clouds of tropical deep convection systems based on one massive Sahara dust event. The comparisons of cloud properties between dust-laden and dust-free conditions support the hypothesis that the presence of large concentrations of mineral dust produces more ice particles at warmer temperature through heterogeneous nucleation processes. Water vapor competition limits ice particles' growth and results in relatively small sizes of ice particles and a narrow distribution of effective particle diameter in non-precipitating ice clouds, particularly at upper layer with temperatures colder than −40 to −50°C. On the other hand, precipitating ice clouds with sufficient water vapor supply have greater ice water paths under dust-laden conditions than under dust-free conditions. The results also suggest that mineral dusts may invigorate the convection and enhance water vapor supply in deep convective precipitating clouds, lifting ice particles to higher altitudes. Additional study illustrates that the observed microphysical changes of ice clouds in the deep convection systems are not simply due to the differences of large-scale dynamics and thermodynamics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MINERAL dusts
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nucleation
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - Effective diameter
KW  - Heterogeneous nucleation
KW  - Homogeneous nucleation
KW  - Ice cloud
KW  - Mineral dust aerosol
KW  - Satellite observation
N1  - Accession Number: 95626954; Min, Q.-L. 1; Email Address: qmin@albany.edu Li, R. 1,2 Lin, B. 3 Joseph, E. 4 Morris, V. 4 Hu, Y. 3 Li, S.W. 1,4 Wang, S. 1,5; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, United States  2: Key Laboratory of the Atmospheric Composition and Optical Radiation, CAS, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, United States  4: NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Howard University, United States  5: College of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, China; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 143, p64; Subject Term: MINERAL dusts; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nucleation; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Effective diameter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heterogeneous nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homogeneous nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice cloud; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineral dust aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosres.2014.01.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evirgen, A.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Santamarta, R.
AU  - Pons, J.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Microstructural characterization and superelastic response of a Ni50.3Ti29.7Zr20 high-temperature shape memory alloy.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2014/06/15/
VL  - 81
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 15
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The microstructure and superelastic response of a Ni50.3Ti29.7Zr20 high-temperature shape memory alloy were studied. The alloy exhibited a recoverable strain level of 5% at 170°C and near-perfect superelasticity up to 250°C under 3% applied strain when fine precipitates were present. In this case, large martensite variants easily formed during the stress-induced martensitic transformation while dislocation motion was impeded. In contrast, poor superelastic response was obtained in samples containing large particles that constrain martensite formation to channels between elongated precipitates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - TITANIUM compounds
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - High-temperature shape memory alloys
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - NiTiZr
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Superelasticity
N1  - Accession Number: 95631409; Evirgen, A. 1 Karaman, I. 1; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Santamarta, R. 2 Pons, J. 2 Noebe, R.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Departament de Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain  3: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 81, p12; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: TITANIUM compounds; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiZr; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superelasticity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2014.02.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leighly, Karen M.
AU  - Terndrup, Donald M.
AU  - Baron, Eddie
AU  - Lucy, Adrian B.
AU  - Dietrich, Matthias
AU  - Gallagher, Sarah C.
T1  - EVIDENCE FOR ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEUS FEEDBACK IN THE BROAD ABSORPTION LINES AND REDDENING OF MRK 231 ,.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/06/20/
VL  - 788
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the first J-band spectrum of Mrk 231, which reveals a large He I* λ10830 broad absorption line with a profile similar to that of the well-known Na I broad absorption line. Combining this spectrum with optical and UV spectra from the literature, we show that the unusual reddening noted by Veilleux et al. is explained by a reddening curve like those previously used to explain low values of total-to-selective extinction in Type Ia supernovae. The nuclear starburst may be the origin and location of the dust. Spatially resolved emission in the broad absorption line trough suggests nearly full coverage of the continuum emission region. The broad absorption lines reveal higher velocities in the He I* lines (produced in the quasar-photoionized H II region) compared with the Na I and Ca II lines (produced in the corresponding partially ionized zone). Cloudy simulations show that a density increase is required between the H II and partially ionized zones to produce ionic column densities consistent with the optical and IR absorption line measurements and limits, and that the absorber lies ∼100 pc from the central engine. These results suggest that the He I* lines are produced in an ordinary quasar BAL wind that impacts upon, compresses, and accelerates the nuclear starburst's dusty effluent (feedback in action), and the Ca II and Na I lines are produced in this dusty accelerated gas. This unusual circumstance explains the rarity of Na I absorption lines; without the compression along our line of sight, Mrk 231 would appear as an ordinary iron low-ionization, broad absorption line quasar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INTERSTELLAR reddening
KW  - QUASARS
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 96380038; Leighly, Karen M. 1,2,3 Terndrup, Donald M. 2,4 Baron, Eddie 1 Lucy, Adrian B. 1 Dietrich, Matthias 2,3,5 Gallagher, Sarah C. 6; Affiliation:  1: Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, 440 West Brooks Street, Norman, OK 73019, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.  4: Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Clippinger Labs 251B, Athens, OH 45701, USA  6: Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada; Source Info: 6/20/2014, Vol. 788 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR reddening; Subject Term: QUASARS; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/123
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96380038&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Materese, Christopher K.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - White, Douglas W.
T1  - ICE CHEMISTRY ON OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES: CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, NITRILES, AND UREA DETECTED IN REFRACTORY RESIDUES PRODUCED FROM THE UV PHOTOLYSIS OF N2:CH4:CO-CONTAINING ICES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/06/20/
VL  - 788
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Radiation processing of the surface ices of outer solar system bodies may result in the production of new chemical species even at low temperatures. Many of the smaller, more volatile molecules that are likely produced by the photolysis of these ices have been well characterized by laboratory experiments. However, the more complex refractory material formed in these experiments remains largely uncharacterized. In this work, we present a series of laboratory experiments in which low-temperature (15-20 K) N2:CH4:CO ices in relative proportions 100:1:1 are subjected to UV irradiation, and the resulting materials are studied with a variety of analytical techniques including infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, and high-resolution mass spectroscopy. Despite the simplicity of the reactants, these experiments result in the production of a highly complex mixture of molecules from relatively low-mass volatiles (tens of daltons) to high-mass refractory materials (hundreds of daltons). These products include various carboxylic acids, nitriles, and urea, which are also expected to be present on the surface of outer solar system bodies, including Pluto and other transneptunian objects. If these compounds occur in sufficient concentrations in the ices of outer solar system bodies, their characteristic bands may be detectable in the near-infrared spectra of these objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CARBOXYLIC acids
KW  - NITRILES
KW  - UREA
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 96380025; Materese, Christopher K. 1,2 Cruikshank, Dale P. 1 Sandford, Scott A. 1 Imanaka, Hiroshi 1,3,4 Nuevo, Michel 1,5 White, Douglas W. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, PO Box 117, MS 36, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 North Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210092, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd Street, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  6: Jacksonville State University, 700 Pelham Road North, Jacksonville, AL 36265-1602, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2014, Vol. 788 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CARBOXYLIC acids; Subject Term: NITRILES; Subject Term: UREA; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/111
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96380025&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rangwala, Naseem
AU  - Maloney, Philip R.
AU  - Glenn, Jason
AU  - Wilson, Christine D.
AU  - Kamenetzky, Julia
AU  - Schirm, Maximilien R. P.
AU  - Spinoglio, Luigi
AU  - Santaella, Miguel Pereira
T1  - FIRST EXTRAGALACTIC DETECTION OF SUBMILLIMETER CH ROTATIONAL LINES FROM THE HERSCHEL SPACE OBSERVATORY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/06/20/
VL  - 788
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the first extragalactic detections of several CH rotational transitions in the far-infrared in four nearby galaxies, NGC 1068, Arp 220, M82, and NGC 253, using the Herschel Space Observatory. The CH lines in all four galaxies are a factor of 2-4 brighter than the adjacent HCN and HCO+J = 6-5 lines (also detected in the same spectra). In the star-formation-dominated galaxies, M82, NGC 253, and Arp 220, the CH/CO abundance ratio is low (∼10–5), implying that the CH is primarily arising in diffuse and translucent gas where the chemistry is driven by UV radiation as found in the Milky Way interstellar matter. In NGC 1068, which has a luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN), the CH/CO ratio is an order of magnitude higher, suggesting that CH formation is driven by an X-ray-dominated region (XDR). Our XDR models show that both the CH and CO abundances in NGC 1068 can be explained by an XDR-driven chemistry for gas densities and molecular hydrogen column densities that are well constrained by the CO observations. We conclude that the CH/CO ratio may a good indicator of the presence of AGN in galaxies. We also discuss the feasibility of detecting CH in intermediate- to high-z galaxies with ALMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 96380064; Rangwala, Naseem 1,2 Maloney, Philip R. 1 Glenn, Jason 1 Wilson, Christine D. 3 Kamenetzky, Julia 1 Schirm, Maximilien R. P. 3 Spinoglio, Luigi 4 Santaella, Miguel Pereira 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 1255 38th street, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada  4: Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario, INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy; Source Info: 6/20/2014, Vol. 788 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/147
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96380064&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rappaport, S.
AU  - Swift, J.
AU  - Levine, A.
AU  - Joss, M.
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, R.
AU  - Barclay, T.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Handler, G.
AU  - Oláh, K.
AU  - Muirhead, P. S.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Vida, K.
T1  - M-DWARF RAPID ROTATORS AND THE DETECTION OF RELATIVELY YOUNG MULTIPLE M-STAR SYSTEMS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/06/20/
VL  - 788
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have searched the Kepler light curves of ∼3900 M-star targets for evidence of periodicities that indicate, by means of the effects of starspots, rapid stellar rotation. Several analysis techniques, including Fourier transforms, inspection of folded light curves, “sonograms,” and phase tracking of individual modulation cycles, were applied in order to distinguish the periodicities due to rapid rotation from those due to stellar pulsations, eclipsing binaries, or transiting planets. We find 178 Kepler M-star targets with rotation periods, Prot, of <2 days, and 110 with Prot < 1 day. Some 30 of the 178 systems exhibit two or more independent short periods within the same Kepler photometric aperture, while several have 3 or more short periods. Adaptive optics imaging and modeling of the Kepler pixel response function for a subset of our sample support the conclusion that the targets with multiple periods are highly likely to be relatively young physical binary, triple, and even quadruple M star systems. We explore in detail the one object with four incommensurate periods all less than 1.2 days, and show that two of the periods arise from one of a close pair of stars, while the other two arise from the second star, which itself is probably a visual binary. If most of these M-star systems with multiple periods turn out to be bound M stars, this could prove a valuable way discovering young hierarchical M-star systems; the same approach may also be applicable to G and K stars. The ∼5% occurrence rate of rapid rotation among the ∼3900 M star targets is consistent with spin evolution models that include an initial contraction phase followed by magnetic braking, wherein a typical M star can spend several hundred Myr before spinning down to periods longer than 2 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARSPOTS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries -- Light curves
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 96380028; Rappaport, S. 1; Email Address: rsanchis86@gmail.com, sar@mit.edu Swift, J. 2,3; Email Address: jswift@astro.caltech.edu Levine, A. 4; Email Address: aml@space.mit.edu Joss, M. 1; Email Address: mattjoss@mit.edu Sanchis-Ojeda, R. 1 Barclay, T. 5; Email Address: thomas.barclay@nasa.gov Still, M. 5; Email Address: martin.d.still@nasa.gov Handler, G. 6; Email Address: gerald@camk.edu.pl Oláh, K. 7; Email Address: olah@konkoly.hu Muirhead, P. S. 8,9; Email Address: philipm@bu.edu Huber, D. 10; Email Address: daniel.huber@nasa.gov Vida, K. 7; Email Address: vidakris@konkoly.hu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Department of Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: 37-575 M.I.T. Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, 70 Vassar St., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  5: BAER Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  6: Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Bartycka 18, PL 00-716 Warsaw, Poland  7: Konkoly Observatory, MTA CSFK, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17 H-1525 Budapest, Hungary  8: Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  9: Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow.  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2014, Vol. 788 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries -- Light curves; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/114
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96380028&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Le Borgne, J. F.
AU  - Poretti, E.
AU  - Klotz, A.
AU  - Denoux, E.
AU  - Smith, H. A.
AU  - Kolenberg, K.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Bryson, S.
AU  - Audejean, M.
AU  - Buil, C.
AU  - Caron, J.
AU  - Conseil, E.
AU  - Corp, L.
AU  - Drillaud, C.
AU  - de France, T.
AU  - Graham, K.
AU  - Hirosawa, K.
AU  - Klotz, A. N.
AU  - Kugel, F.
AU  - Loughney, D.
T1  - Historical vanishing of the Blazhko effect of RR Lyr from the GEOS and Kepler surveys.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/06/21/
VL  - 441
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1435
EP  - 1443
SN  - 00358711
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - stars: individual: RR Lyrae
KW  - stars: oscillations
KW  - stars: variables: RR Lyrae
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 96310321; Le Borgne, J. F. 1,2,3 Poretti, E. 1,2,3,4 Klotz, A. 1,2,3 Denoux, E. 3 Smith, H. A. 5 Kolenberg, K. 6,7 Szabó, R. 8 Bryson, S. 9 Audejean, M. 10 Buil, C. 11 Caron, J. 12 Conseil, E. 13 Corp, L. 3,14 Drillaud, C. 13 de France, T. 14 Graham, K. 14 Hirosawa, K. 15 Klotz, A. N. 3 Kugel, F. 12 Loughney, D. 16; Affiliation:  1: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France  2: CNRS, IRAP, 14, avenue Edouard Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France  3: Groupe Européen d'Observations Stellaires (GEOS), 23 Parc de Levesville, F-28300 Bailleau l'Evêque, France  4: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via E. Bianchi 46, I-23807, Merate (LC), Italy  5: Michigan State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA  6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge MA 02138, USA  7: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, K.U. Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium  8: Konkoly Observatory, MTA CSFK, Konkoly-Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  10: Observatoire de Chinon, Astronomie en Chinonais, Mairie, Place du Général de Gaulle, F-37500, Chinon, France  11: Observatoire de Castanet-Tolosan, 6 place Clémence Isaure, F-31320, Castanet-Tolosan, France  12: Observatoire Chante-Perdrix, Dauban, F-04150 Banon, France  13: AFOEV (Association Française des Observateurs d'Etoiles Variables), Observatoire de Strasbourg 11, rue de l'Université, F-67000 Strasbourg, France  14: AAVSO (American Association of Variable Star Observers), 49 Bay State Rd, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  15: Variable Star Observers League in Japan (VSOLJ), 405-1003 Matsushiro, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0035, Japan  16: British Astronomical Association, Variable Star Section (BAA VSS), Burlington House, Piccadilly, London, W1J 0DU; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 441 Issue 2, p1435; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: RR Lyrae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: RR Lyrae; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin-Woo Han
AU  - Dong-Il Moon
AU  - Jae Sub Oh
AU  - Yang-Kyu Choi
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Vacuum gate dielectric gate-all-around nanowire for hot carrier injection and bias temperature instability free transistor.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2014/06/23/
VL  - 104
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - A gate-all-around (GAA) field effect transistor with vacuum gate dielectric is presented as a structure free from hot-carrier injection and bias temperature instability. A conventional GAA fabrication process is used along with selective removal of the sacrificial gate oxide as an extra process step. The lowered dielectric constant in vacuum gate dielectric can be compensated by the nature of the nanowire and physical oxide thickness reduction. As the nanowire channel is fully surrounded by empty space, reliability issues relevant to the gate dielectric can be completely cleared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOT carriers
KW  - DIELECTRIC devices
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - PERMITTIVITY
KW  - SILICON-on-insulator technology
KW  - P-type semiconductors
N1  - Accession Number: 96853899; Jin-Woo Han 1; Email Address: jin-woo.han@nasa.gov Dong-Il Moon 2 Jae Sub Oh 3 Yang-Kyu Choi 2 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea  3: National Nanofab Center, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Korea; Source Info: 6/23/2014, Vol. 104 Issue 25, p1; Subject Term: HOT carriers; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC devices; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: PERMITTIVITY; Subject Term: SILICON-on-insulator technology; Subject Term: P-type semiconductors; Number of Pages: 3p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4885595
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tam, Christopher K.W.
AU  - Pastouchenko, Nikolai N.
AU  - Jones, Michael G.
AU  - Watson, Willie R.
T1  - Experimental validation of numerical simulations for an acoustic liner in grazing flow: Self-noise and added drag.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2014/06/23/
VL  - 333
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 2831
EP  - 2854
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: A coordinated experimental and numerical simulation effort is carried out to improve our understanding of the physics of acoustic liners in a grazing flow as well our computational aeroacoustics (CAA) method prediction capability. A numerical simulation code based on advanced CAA methods is developed. In a parallel effort, experiments are performed using the Grazing Flow Impedance Tube at the NASA Langley Research Center. In the experiment, a liner is installed in the upper wall of a rectangular flow duct with a 2in. by 2.5in. cross section. Spatial distribution of sound pressure levels and relative phases are measured on the wall opposite the liner in the presence of a Mach 0.3 grazing flow. The computer code is validated by comparing computed results with experimental measurements. Good agreements are found. The numerical simulation code is then used to investigate the physical properties of the acoustic liner. It is shown that an acoustic liner can produce self-noise in the presence of a grazing flow and that a feedback acoustic resonance mechanism is responsible for the generation of this liner self-noise. In addition, the same mechanism also creates additional liner drag. An estimate, based on numerical simulation data, indicates that for a resonant liner with a 10 percent open area ratio, the drag increase would be about 4 percent of the turbulent boundary layer drag over a flat wall. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL aeroacoustics
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics)
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - DRAG force
KW  - ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences)
N1  - Accession Number: 95316636; Tam, Christopher K.W. 1; Email Address: tam@math.fsu.edu Pastouchenko, Nikolai N. 1 Jones, Michael G. 2 Watson, Willie R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4510, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jun2014, Vol. 333 Issue 13, p2831; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL aeroacoustics; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics); Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: DRAG force; Subject Term: ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences); Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2014.02.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Tyler D.
AU  - Maltagliati, Luca
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
T1  - Titan solar occultation observations reveal transit spectra of a hazy world.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2014/06/24/
VL  - 111
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 9042
EP  - 9047
SN  - 00278424
AB  - High-altitude clouds and hazes are integral to understanding exoplanet observations, and are proposed to explain observed featureless transit spectra. However, it is difficult to make inferences from these data because of the need to disentangle effects of gas absorption from haze extinction. Here, we turn to the quintessential hazy world, Titan, to clarify how high-altitude hazes influence transit spectra. We use solar occultation observations of Titan's atmosphere from the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer aboard National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Cassini spacecraft to generate transit spectra. Data span 0.88–5 μm at a resolution of 12–18 nm, with uncertainties typically smaller than 1%. Our approach exploits symmetry between occultations and transits, producing transit radius spectra that inherently include the effects of haze multiple scattering, refraction, and gas absorption. We use a simple model of haze extinction to explore how Titan's haze affects its transit spectrum. Our spectra show strong methane-absorption features, and weaker features due to other gases. Most importantly, the data demonstrate that high-altitude hazes can severely limit the atmospheric depths probed by transit spectra, bounding observations to pressures smaller than 0.1–10 mbar, depending on wavelength. Unlike the usual assumption made when modeling and interpreting transit observations of potentially hazy worlds, the slope set by haze in our spectra is not flat, and creates a variation in transit height whose magnitude is comparable to those from the strongest gaseous-absorption features. These findings have important consequences for interpreting future exoplanet observations, including those from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - extrasolar planet
KW  - transit spectroscopy
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 96869814; Robinson, Tyler D. 1,2; Email Address: tyler.d.robinson@nasa.gov Maltagliati, Luca 3 Marley, Mark S. 1 Fortney, Jonathan J. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Virtual Planetary Laboratory, Astrobiology Institute, NASA, Seattle, WA 98195  3: Laboratoire d'Études Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique, Observatoire de Paris, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Meudon Cedex 92195, France  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064; Source Info: 6/24/2014, Vol. 111 Issue 25, p9042; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Author-Supplied Keyword: extrasolar planet; Author-Supplied Keyword: transit spectroscopy; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1403473111
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balia, R. Jeffrey
AU  - Rhode, Matthew N.
AU  - Everhart, Joel L.
T1  - Supersaturation Total Temperature, Pitot Pressure, and Rayleigh Scattering Measurements at Mach 10.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1452
EP  - 1465
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A fundamental research study of the supersaturation region is presented. This region is mapped in the NASA Langley 31-Inch Mach 10 Air Wind Tunnel freestream flow using physical probes (total temperature and pitot) and a nonintrusive off body diagnostic (laser Rayleigh scattering). Data from all three methods are acquired simultaneously. Facility stagnation pressures spanned 1.0-10.0 MPa (150-1450 psi), and stagnation temperatures spanned 357-1000 K (184-1350°F). Each instrument has its own unique supersaturation region over which quantitative measurements can be obtained. The extent of each supersaturation region is a unique function of the sensitivity of the instrument selected to flowfield clustering. Laser-Rayleigh-scattering-measured density results agree to better than 15% with the freestream density computed using the O2 and N2 molecules inhibit clustering and condensation. This is the physical mechanism responsible for creating the supersaturation region. In direct conflict with the assumption in all hypersonic literature from the past 50 years, evidence is presented indicating that no hypersonic or hypervelocity freestream in which nucleation is occurring contains a frozen vibrational nonequilibrium population. This population is effectively eliminated by interacting with clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSATURATION
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - PITOT tubes
N1  - Accession Number: 97141283; Balia, R. Jeffrey 1,2; Email Address: Robert.j.balla@nasa.gov Rhode, Matthew N. 1,2 Everhart, Joel L. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Member, AIAA  3: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 52 Issue 7, p1452; Subject Term: SUPERSATURATION; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: PITOT tubes; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052608
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sobron, Pablo
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Blake, David F.
AU  - Chen, Bin
AU  - Rull, Fernando
T1  - What Lurks in the Martian Rocks and Soil? Investigations of Sulfates, Phosphates, and Perchlorates.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 99
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1199
EP  - 1205
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - We have characterized complex iron- and sulfate-bearing samples from Rio Tinto (Spain) using X-ray diffraction (XRD), visible-near infrared reflectance (VNIR) spectroscopy, and laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS). Samples were collected for this study from the Peña de Hierro region of Rio Tinto because this site represents a natural acidic environment that is a potential analog for such environments on Mars. We report an evaluation of the capabilities of these three techniques in performing detailed mineralogical characterization of potential Mars-like samples from a natural acidic terrestrial environment. Sulfate minerals found in these samples include gypsum, jarosite, and copiapite, and iron hydroxide bearing minerals found include goethite and ferrihydrite. These sulfate and iron hydroxide/ oxyhydroxide minerals were detected by XRD, VNIR, and LRS. Minor quartz was identified in some samples by XRD as well, but was not identified using VNIR spectroscopy. Coordinating the results from these three techniques provides a complete picture of the mineralogical composition of the samples. Field instruments were used for this study to mimic the kinds of analyses that could be performed in the field or on martian rovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SULFATES
KW  - IRON oxides
KW  - IRON sulfates
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - analog
KW  - iron
KW  - Mars
KW  - Raman
KW  - Rio Tinto
KW  - sulfates
KW  - VNIR reflectance
KW  - XRD
N1  - Accession Number: 96854716; Sobron, Pablo 1 Bishop, Janice L. 2,3 Blake, David F. 3 Chen, Bin 3 Rull, Fernando 4; Affiliation:  1: MalaUva Labs, 822 Allen Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63104, U.S.A.  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, U.S.A.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, U.S.A.  4: Unidad Asociada UVA-Centro de Astrobiología, Edificio INDITI, Av.Francisco Valles 8, Parque Tecnologico de Boecillo, Parcela 203, Boecillo 47151, Spain; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 99 Issue 7, p1199; Subject Term: OXIDES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SULFATES; Subject Term: IRON oxides; Subject Term: IRON sulfates; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: analog; Author-Supplied Keyword: iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rio Tinto; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfates; Author-Supplied Keyword: VNIR reflectance; Author-Supplied Keyword: XRD; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2138/am.2014.4595
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96854716&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shelor, C. Phillip
AU  - Dasgupta, Purnendu K.
AU  - Aubrey, Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Lee, Michael C.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Liu, Yan
AU  - Noell, Aaron C.
T1  - What Can In Situ Ion Chromatography Offer for Mars Exploration?
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 577
EP  - 588
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The successes of the Mars exploration program have led to our unprecedented knowledge of the geological, mineralogical, and elemental composition of the martian surface. To date, however, only one mission, the Phoenix lander, has specifically set out to determine the soluble chemistry of the martian surface. The surprising results, including the detection of perchlorate, demonstrated both the importance of performing soluble ion measurements and the need for improved instrumentation to unambiguously identify all the species present. Ion chromatography (IC) is the state-of-the-art technique for soluble ion analysis on Earth and would therefore be the ideal instrument to send to Mars. A flight IC system must necessarily be small, lightweight, low-power, and have low eluent consumption. We demonstrate here a breadboard system that addresses these issues by using capillary IC at low flow rates with an optimized eluent generator and suppressor. A mix of 12 ions known or plausible for the martian soil, including 4 (oxy)chlorine species, has been separated at flow rates ranging from 1 to 10  μL/min, requiring as little as 200 psi at 1.0  μL/min. This allowed the use of pneumatic displacement pumping from a pressurized aluminum eluent reservoir and the elimination of the high-pressure pump entirely (the single heaviest and most energy-intensive component). All ions could be separated and detected effectively from 0.5 to 100  μM, even when millimolar concentrations of perchlorate were present in the same mixtures. Key Words: Ion chromatography-Perchlorate (ClO4−)-Mars soil-Oxychlorine species. Astrobiology 14, 577-588. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ION exchange chromatography
KW  - CHLORINE
KW  - PERCHLORATES
KW  - SOILS
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 97012227; Shelor, C. Phillip Dasgupta, Purnendu K. 1 Aubrey, Andrew 2 Davila, Alfonso F. 3 Lee, Michael C. 2 McKay, Christopher P. 4 Liu, Yan 5 Noell, Aaron C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas.  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California.  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, California.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  5: Research and Development, Dionex/Thermo Fisher, Sunnyvale, California.; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 14 Issue 7, p577; Subject Term: ION exchange chromatography; Subject Term: CHLORINE; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES; Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325181 Alkali and chlorine manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2013.1131
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sturrock, P.A.
AU  - Fischbach, E.
AU  - Javorsek, D.
AU  - Jenkins, J.H.
AU  - Lee, R.H.
AU  - Nistor, J.
AU  - Scargle, J.D.
T1  - Comparative study of beta-decay data for eight nuclides measured at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt.
JO  - Astroparticle Physics
JF  - Astroparticle Physics
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 59
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 58
SN  - 09276505
AB  - Abstract: We present the results of time-series analyses of data, kindly provided by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, concerning the beta-decays of Ag108, Ba133, Cs137, Eu152, Eu154, Kr85, Ra226, and Sr90. From measurements of the detector currents, we find evidence of annual oscillations (especially for Ra226), and for several solar r-mode oscillations. It is notable that the frequencies of these r-mode oscillations correspond to exactly the same sidereal rotation rate (12.08year−1) that we have previously identified in r-mode oscillations detected in both Mt Wilson solar diameter data and Lomonosov Moscow State University Sr90 beta-decay data. Ba133 is found to be anomalous in that current measurements for this nuclide have a much larger variation (by 4 σ) than those of the other nuclides. It is interesting that analysis of variability measurements in the PTB files yields strong evidence for an oscillation for Ba133 but only weak evidence for Ra226. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BETA decay
KW  - NUCLIDES
KW  - NUCLEAR counters
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - DIAMETER (Geometry)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - Neutrinos
KW  - Nuclear decays
KW  - Sun
N1  - Accession Number: 96243930; Sturrock, P.A. 1; Email Address: sturrock@stanford.edu Fischbach, E. 2 Javorsek, D. 3 Jenkins, J.H. 4 Lee, R.H. 5 Nistor, J. 2 Scargle, J.D. 6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  3: Edwards Air Force Base, CA 93524, USA  4: Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  5: Department of Physics, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO 80920, USA  6: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 59, p47; Subject Term: BETA decay; Subject Term: NUCLIDES; Subject Term: NUCLEAR counters; Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: DIAMETER (Geometry); Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutrinos; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear decays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2014.04.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hermes, J. J.
AU  - Charpinet, S.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Pakštienė, E.
AU  - Mullally, Fergal
AU  - Kawaler, Steven D.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Castanheira, Barbara G.
AU  - Winget, D. E.
AU  - Montgomery, M. H.
AU  - Grootel, V. Van
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Haas, Michael R.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
T1  - PRECISION ASTEROSEISMOLOGY OF THE PULSATING WHITE DWARF GD 1212 USING A TWO-WHEEL-CONTROLLED KEPLER SPACECRAFT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 789
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a preliminary analysis of the cool pulsating white dwarf (WD) GD 1212, enabled by more than 11.5 days of space-based photometry obtained during an engineering test of the two-reaction-wheel-controlled Kepler spacecraft. We detect at least 19 independent pulsation modes, ranging from 828.2-1220.8 s, and at least 17 nonlinear combination frequencies of those independent pulsations. Our longest uninterrupted light curve, 9.0 days in length, evidences coherent difference frequencies at periods inaccessible from the ground, up to 14.5 hr, the longest-period signals ever detected in a pulsating WD. These results mark some of the first science to come from a two-wheel-controlled Kepler spacecraft, proving the capability for unprecedented discoveries afforded by extending Kepler observations to the ecliptic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 96575688; Hermes, J. J. 1 Charpinet, S. 2,3 Barclay, Thomas 4,5 Pakštienė, E. 6 Mullally, Fergal 4,7 Kawaler, Steven D. 8 Bloemen, S. 9 Castanheira, Barbara G. 10 Winget, D. E. 10 Montgomery, M. H. 10 Grootel, V. Van 11,12 Huber, Daniel 4,7 Still, Martin 4,5 Howell, Steve B. 4 Caldwell, Douglas A. 4,7 Haas, Michael R. 4 Bryson, Stephen T. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK  2: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse F-75205, France  3: CNRS, IRAP, 14 Av. E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 1st Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  6: Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, Vilnius University, Gostauto 12, Vilnius LT-01108, Lithuania  7: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA  9: Department of Astrophysics, IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands  10: Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  11: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, 17 Allée du 6 Août, B-4000 Liège, Belgium  12: Chargé de recherches, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, FNRS, 5 rue d'Egmont, B-1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 789 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/789/1/85
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dong, Xiquan
AU  - Zib, Behnjamin
AU  - Xi, Baike
AU  - Stanfield, Ryan
AU  - Deng, Yi
AU  - Zhang, Xiangdong
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Long, Charles
T1  - Critical mechanisms for the formation of extreme arctic sea-ice extent in the summers of 2007 and 1996.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 43
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 70
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - Along with significant changes in the Arctic climate system, the largest year-to-year variation in sea-ice extent (SIE) has occurred in the Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi seas (defined here as the area of focus, AOF), among which the two highly contrasting extreme events were observed in the summers of 2007 and 1996 during the period 1979-2012. Although most efforts have been devoted to understanding the 2007 low, a contrasting high September SIE in 1996 might share some related but opposing forcing mechanisms. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms for the formation of these two extremes and quantitatively estimate the cloud-radiation-water vapor feedback to the sea-ice-concentration (SIC) variation utilizing satellite-observed sea-ice products and the NASA MERRA reanalysis. The low SIE in 2007 was associated with a persistent anticyclone over the Beaufort Sea coupled with low pressure over Eurasia, which induced anomalous southerly winds. Ample warm and moist air from the North Pacific was transported to the AOF and resulted in positive anomalies of cloud fraction (CF), precipitable water vapor (PWV), surface LWnet (down-up), total surface energy and temperature. In contrast, the high SIE event in 1996 was associated with a persistent low pressure over the central Arctic coupled with high pressure along the Eastern Arctic coasts, which generated anomalous northerly winds and resulted in negative anomalies of above mentioned atmospheric parameters. In addition to their immediate impacts on sea ice reduction, CF, PWV and radiation can interplay to lead to a positive feedback loop among them, which plays a critical role in reinforcing sea ice to a great low value in 2007. During the summer of 2007, the minimum SIC is 31 % below the climatic mean, while the maximum CF, LWnet and PWV can be up to 15 %, 20 Wm, and 4 kg m above. The high anti-correlations (−0.79, −0.61, −0.61) between the SIC and CF, PWV, and LWnet indicate that CF, PWV and LW radiation are indeed having significant impacts on the SIC variation. A new record low occurred in the summer of 2012 was mainly triggered by a super storm over the central Arctic Ocean in early August that caused substantial mechanical ice deformation on top of the long-term thinning of an Arctic ice pack that had become more dominated by seasonal ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - SEASONAL temperature variations
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - ARCTIC regions
KW  - Cloud-radiation-water vapor feedback to the sea-ice-concentration variation
KW  - Enhanced clouds-radiation-PWV feedback
KW  - Extreme Arctic sea-ice extent formation mechanisms
KW  - Trigger and cause of Arctic sea ice retreat
KW  - Triggered by atmospheric forcings
N1  - Accession Number: 96730114; Dong, Xiquan; Email Address: dong@aero.und.edu Zib, Behnjamin 1 Xi, Baike 1 Stanfield, Ryan 1 Deng, Yi 2 Zhang, Xiangdong 3 Lin, Bing 4 Long, Charles 5; Affiliation:  1: The Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, 4149 University Ave. Stop 9006 Grand Forks 58202-9006 USA  2: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta USA  3: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbank, Fairbank USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  5: DOE Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 43 Issue 1/2, p53; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: SEASONAL temperature variations; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-radiation-water vapor feedback to the sea-ice-concentration variation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enhanced clouds-radiation-PWV feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extreme Arctic sea-ice extent formation mechanisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trigger and cause of Arctic sea ice retreat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triggered by atmospheric forcings; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-013-1920-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96730114&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
T1  - Future Tense: The Chatbot and the Drone.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 57
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 111
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article discusses a reportedly fictitious conversation between a drone aircraft and a chatbot device as of July 2014, focusing on autonomous designs, daydreams, and the counterterrorism-related functions of some drone devices. According to the article, a chatbot is a computer device that is designed to talk with humans. Guilt is mentioned in relation to the drone aircraft's decision to shoot a suspected terrorist. Artificial intelligence is examined in regards to a chatbot's database of seven hundred billion human conversations.
KW  - AUTONOMOUS robots
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software)
KW  - CONVERSATION
KW  - GUILT (Psychology)
KW  - DATABASES
KW  - FANTASY
KW  - ARTIFICIAL intelligence -- Software
KW  - COMPUTERS -- Social aspects
KW  - SOCIAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 96868783; Landis, Geoffrey A. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.landis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Researcher, NASA’s John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 57 Issue 7, p112; Subject Term: AUTONOMOUS robots; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software); Subject Term: CONVERSATION; Subject Term: GUILT (Psychology); Subject Term: DATABASES; Subject Term: FANTASY; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL intelligence -- Software; Subject Term: COMPUTERS -- Social aspects; Subject Term: SOCIAL aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443142 Electronics Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/2631171
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newcomer, Michelle Elizabeth
AU  - Kuss, Amber Jean Michael
AU  - Ketron, Tyler
AU  - Remar, Alex
AU  - Choksi, Vivek
AU  - Skiles, J. W.
T1  - Estuarine sediment deposition during wetland restoration: A GIS and remote sensing modeling approach.
JO  - Geocarto International
JF  - Geocarto International
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 451
EP  - 467
SN  - 10106049
AB  - Restoration is currently underway in the industrial salt flats of San Francisco Bay, California. Remote sensing of suspended sediment concentration and other GIS predictor variables were used to model sediment deposition within recently restored ponds. Suspended sediment concentrations were calibrated to reflectance values from Landsat TM 5 and ASTER satellite image data using three statistical techniques—linear regression, multivariate regression, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) regression. Multivariate and ANN regressions using ASTER proved to be the most accurate methods, yielding r2values of 0.88 and 0.87, respectively. Predictor variables such as sediment grain size and tidal frequency were used in the Marsh Sedimentation (MARSED) model for predicting deposition rates. MARSED results show a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 66.8 mm (<1σ) between modeled and field observations. This model was applied to a pond breached in November 2010 and indicated that the pond will reach sediment equilibrium levels after 60 months of tidal inundation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geocarto International is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ESTUARINE sediments
KW  - WETLAND restoration
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - SAN Francisco Bay (Calif.)
KW  - GIS
KW  - MARSED
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - suspended sediment concentration
KW  - wetlands
N1  - Accession Number: 96861834; Newcomer, Michelle Elizabeth 1 Kuss, Amber Jean Michael 1 Ketron, Tyler 2 Remar, Alex 3 Choksi, Vivek 4 Skiles, J. W. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA DEVELOP National Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA.  2: Earth Systems Program, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.  3: Department of Geography, University of Delaware, Newark, NJ, USA.  4: Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.  5: Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USA.; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p451; Subject Term: ESTUARINE sediments; Subject Term: WETLAND restoration; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: SAN Francisco Bay (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: GIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: MARSED; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: suspended sediment concentration; Author-Supplied Keyword: wetlands; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10106049.2013.798356
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96861834&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Karen E.
AU  - Callahan, Michael P.
AU  - Gerakines, Perry A.
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
AU  - House, Christopher H.
T1  - Investigation of pyridine carboxylic acids in CM2 carbonaceous chondrites: Potential precursor molecules for ancient coenzymes.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 136
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Abstract: The distribution and abundances of pyridine carboxylic acids (including nicotinic acid) in eight CM2 carbonaceous chondrites (ALH 85013, DOM 03183, DOM 08003, EET 96016, LAP 02333, LAP 02336, LEW 85311, and WIS 91600) were investigated by liquid chromatography coupled to UV detection and high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. We find that pyridine monocarboxylic acids are prevalent in CM2-type chondrites and their abundance negatively correlates with the degree of pre-terrestrial aqueous alteration that the meteorite parent body experienced. We also report the first detection of pyridine dicarboxylic acids in carbonaceous chondrites. Additionally, we carried out laboratory studies of proton-irradiated pyridine in carbon dioxide-rich ices (a 1:1 mixture) to serve as a model of the interstellar ice chemistry that may have led to the synthesis of pyridine carboxylic acids. Analysis of the irradiated ice residue shows that a comparable suite of pyridine mono- and dicarboxylic acids was produced, although aqueous alteration may still play a role in the synthesis (and ultimate yield) of these compounds in carbonaceous meteorites. Nicotinic acid is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, a likely ancient molecule used in cellular metabolism in all of life, and its common occurrence in CM2 chondrites may indicate that meteorites may have been a source of molecules for the emergence of more complex coenzymes on the early Earth. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYRIDINE
KW  - CARBOXYLIC acids
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - CHEMICAL precursors
KW  - COENZYMES
KW  - MASS spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 96188462; Smith, Karen E. 1; Email Address: karen.e.smith@nasa.gov Callahan, Michael P. 2 Gerakines, Perry A. 2 Dworkin, Jason P. 2 House, Christopher H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences and Penn State Astrobiology Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 220 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Solar System Exploration Division and the Goddard Center for Astrobiology, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 136, p1; Subject Term: PYRIDINE; Subject Term: CARBOXYLIC acids; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: CHEMICAL precursors; Subject Term: COENZYMES; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2014.04.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96188462&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Bigelow, G.S.
AU  - Padula, S.A.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.J.
AU  - Schell, N.
AU  - Mabe, J.H.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - Mechanical and functional behavior of a Ni-rich Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 high temperature shape memory alloy.
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 50
M3  - Article
SP  - 94
EP  - 107
SN  - 09669795
AB  - Abstract: The mechanical and functional behaviors of a Ni-rich Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 high temperature shape memory alloy were investigated through combined ex situ macroscopic experiments and in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Isothermal tension and compression tests were conducted between room temperature and 260 °C, while isobaric thermomechanical cycling experiments were conducted at selected stresses up to 700 MPa. Isothermal testing of the martensite phase revealed no plastic strain up to the test limit of 1 GPa and near-perfect superelastic behavior up to 3% applied strain at temperatures above the austenite finish. Excellent dimensional stability with greater than 2.5% actuation strain without accumulation of noticeable residual strains (at stresses less than or equal to −400 MPa) were observed during isobaric thermal cycling experiments. The absence of residual strain accumulation during thermomechanical cycling was confirmed by the lattice strains, determined from X-ray spectra. Even in the untrained condition, the material exhibited little or no history or path dependence in behavior, consistent with measurements of the bulk texture after thermomechanical cycling using synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Post deformation cycling revealed the limited conditions under which a slight two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) was obtained, with a maximum of 0.34% two-way shape memory strain after thermomechanical cycling under −700 MPa. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SYNCHROTRONS
KW  - AUSTENITE
KW  - A. Intermetallics
KW  - B. Phase transformation
KW  - B. Precipitates
KW  - B. Shape-memory effects
KW  - F. Diffraction
KW  - F. Mechanical testing
N1  - Accession Number: 95216829; Benafan, O. 1; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Garg, A. 1,2 Noebe, R.D. 1 Bigelow, G.S. 1 Padula, S.A. 1 Gaydosh, D.J. 1,3 Schell, N. 4 Mabe, J.H. 5 Vaidyanathan, R. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  4: Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany  5: The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA 98124, USA  6: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 50, p94; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SYNCHROTRONS; Subject Term: AUSTENITE; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Intermetallics; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Precipitates; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Shape-memory effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: F. Diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: F. Mechanical testing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2014.02.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95216829&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christopher, Bonny
AU  - Pruchnicki, Shawn
AU  - Burian, Barbara K.
AU  - Cotton, Samuel
T1  - Enhancing NextGen RNAV Capabilities: Human Performance Evaluation of NRS Waypoint Nomenclatures.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul-Sep2014
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 171
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - As part of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) initiative, a redevelopment of the high-altitude airspace is underway to realize the benefits of area navigation (RNAV) capabilities. Three nomenclatures were evaluated as possible alternatives to the current waypoint nomenclature used in the Navigation Reference System (NRS). A part-task study was conducted to assess if speed of NRS waypoint location on an en route chart, speed of flight management system (FMS) entry, number of FMS entry errors, and NRS waypoint reroute use were different among the nomenclatures tested. Overall preference was also assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEXT Generation Air Transportation System (U.S.)
KW  - AIRSPACE (Law)
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Human factors
KW  - AVIATION psychology
N1  - Accession Number: 96936144; Christopher, Bonny 1 Pruchnicki, Shawn 1 Burian, Barbara K. 2 Cotton, Samuel 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, San Jose, California, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Jul-Sep2014, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p155; Subject Term: NEXT Generation Air Transportation System (U.S.); Subject Term: AIRSPACE (Law); Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Human factors; Subject Term: AVIATION psychology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2014.918409
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96936144&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Savas, Anthony J.
AU  - Hartwig, Jason W.
AU  - Moder, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Thermal analysis of a cryogenic liquid acquisition device under autogenous and non-condensable pressurization schemes.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 403
EP  - 413
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents thermal analysis of a 325×2300 mesh LAD sample that was tested over a wide range of liquid methane temperatures (106–160K) and pressures (0.0618–1.78MPa) for a LAD using both autogenous (gaseous methane) and noncondensible (gaseous helium or nitrogen) pressurization schemes. To compare between schemes, screen interfacial temperatures, screen Reynolds numbers, condensation and/or evaporation mass flow rates at breakdown, and heat fluxes produced at the screen are computed as a function of liquid temperature and pressure. Condensation and evaporation rates are also computed using kinetic theory to allow comparison. Each parameter has a profound impact on surface tension and thus the performance of the LAD screen. The understanding gained here will be used to determine optimal propellant pressure and temperature operating regimes and will help mission designers determine whether autogenous pressurization is feasible for future space missions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - CRYOGENIC liquids
KW  - LIQUID methane
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - Autogenous pressurization
KW  - Condensation rate
KW  - Cryogenic
KW  - Evaporation rate
KW  - Interfacial temperature
KW  - Liquid acquisition device
KW  - Subcooled liquid
N1  - Accession Number: 95827769; Savas, Anthony J. 1; Email Address: ajs432@cornell.edu Hartwig, Jason W. 2; Email Address: jason.w.hartwig@nasa.gov Moder, Jeffrey P. 3; Email Address: jeffrey.p.moder@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The Aerospace Corporation, 15049 Conference Center Dr., Suite 600, Chantilly, VA 20151, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Propellants and Propulsion Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 301-3, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Combustion Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 5-212, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 74, p403; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC liquids; Subject Term: LIQUID methane; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Author-Supplied Keyword: Autogenous pressurization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condensation rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaporation rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition device; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subcooled liquid; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.03.036
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=95827769&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Mori Mani
AU  - Rider, Ben
AU  - Zickuhr, Tom
AU  - Levy, David W.
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Eisfeld, Bernhard
AU  - Crippa, Simone
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Mitsuhiro Murayama
T1  - Summary of the Fourth AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1070
EP  - 1089
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Fourth AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop are summarized. The workshop focused on the prediction of both absolute and differential drag levels for wing-body and wing-body/horizontal-tail configurations of the NASA Common Research Model, which is representative of transonic transport aircraft. Numerical calculations are performed using industry-relevant test cases that include lift-specific flight conditions, trimmed drag polars, downwash variations, drag rises, and Reynolds-number effects. Drag, lift, and pitching moment predictions from numerous Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics methods are presented. Solutions are performed on structured, unstructured, and hybrid grid systems. The structured-grid sets include point-matched multiblock meshes and overset grid systems. The unstructured and hybrid grid sets comprise tetrahedral, pyramid, prismatic, and hexahedral elements. Effort is made to provide a high-quality and parametrically consistent family of grids for each grid type about each configuration under study. The wing-body/horizontal families comprise coarse, medium, and fine grids; an optional extrafine grid augments several of the grid families. These mesh sequences are used to determine asymptotic grid-convergence characteristics of the solution sets and to estimate grid-converged absolute drag levels of the wing-body/horizontal configuration using Richardson extrapolation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629017; Vassberg, John C. 1 Tinoco, Edward N. 1 Mori Mani 1 Rider, Ben 1 Zickuhr, Tom 2 Levy, David W. 2 Brodersen, Olaf P. 3 Eisfeld, Bernhard 3 Crippa, Simone 3 Wahls, Richard A. 4 Morrison, Joseph H. 4 Mavriplis, Dimitri J. 5 Mitsuhiro Murayama 6; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647  2: Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, Kansas 67218  3: DLR, German Aerospace Center, 38108 Brunswick, Germany  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071  6: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8522, Japan; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1070; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032418
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629017&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
T1  - Statistical Analysis of the Fourth Drag Prediction Workshop Computational Fluid Dynamics Solutions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1090
EP  - 1100
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A statistical analysis of the results from an extensive N-version test of a collection of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes is presented. The solutions were obtained by code developers and users from the United States, Europe, Asia, and Russia using a variety of grid systems and turbulence models for the June 2009 Fourth Drag Prediction Workshop sponsored by the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Technical Committee. The aerodynamic configuration for this workshop was a new subsonic transport model, the Common Research Model, designed using a modern approach for the wing and included a horizontal tail. The fourth workshop focused on the prediction of both absolute and incremental drag levels for wing-body and wing-body-horizontal-tail configurations. This work continues the statistical analysis begun in the earlier workshops, and compares the results from the grid-convergence study of the most recent workshop with earlier workshops using the statistical framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629018; Morrison, Joseph H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1090; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032737
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629018&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sclafani, Anthony J.
AU  - DeHaan, Mark A.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Pulliam, Thomas H.
T1  - Drag Prediction for the Common Research Model Using CFL3D and OVERFLOW.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1101
EP  - 1117
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In response to the fourth AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop, the NASA Common Research Model wing-body and wing-body-tail configurations are analyzed using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers CFL3D and OVERFLOW. Two families of structured, overset grids are built. Grid Family 1 consists of a coarse (7.2 million), medium (16.9 million), fine (56.5 million), and extra-fine (189.4 million) mesh. Grid Family 2 is an extension of the first and includes a super-fine (714.2 million) and an ultra-fine (2.4 billion) mesh. The medium grid anchors both families with an established build process for accurate cruise drag prediction studies. This base mesh is coarsened and enhanced to form a set of parametrically equivalent grids that increase in size by a factor of roughly 3.4 from one level to the next denser level. Both CFL3D and OVERFLOW are run on Grid Family 1 using a consistent numerical approach. Additional OVERFLOW runs are made to study effects of differencing scheme and turbulence model on Grid Family 1 and to obtain results for Grid Family 2. All CFD results are post-processed using Richardson extrapolation, and approximate grid-converged values of drag are compared. The medium grid is also used to compute a trimmed drag polar for both codes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Tail surfaces
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629019; Sclafani, Anthony J. 1 DeHaan, Mark A. 1 Vassberg, John C. 1 Rumsey, Christopher L. 2 Pulliam, Thomas H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1101; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Tail surfaces; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032571
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629019&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee-Rausch, E. M.
AU  - Hammond, D. P.
AU  - Nielsen, E. J.
AU  - Pirzadeh, S. Z.
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
T1  - Application of the FUN3D Solver to the 4th AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1149
EP  - 1160
SN  - 00218669
AB  - FUN3D Navier-Stokes solutions were computed for the 4th AIAA Drag Prediction Workshop grid-convergence study, downwash study, and Reynolds-number study on a set of node-based mixed-element grids. All of the baseline tetrahedral grids were generated with the VGRID (developmental) advancing-layer and advancing-front grid-generation software package following the gridding guidelines developed for the workshop. With maximum grid sizes exceeding 100 million nodes, the grid-convergence study was particularly challenging for the node-based unstructured grid generators and flow solvers. At the time of the workshop, the super-fine grid with 105 million nodes and 600 million tetrahedral elements was the largest grid known to have been generated using VGRID. FUN3D Version 11.0 has a completely new pre- and postprocessing paradigm that has been incorporated directly into the solver and functions entirely in a parallel, distributed-memory environment. This feature allowed for practical preprocessing and solution times on the largest unstructured-grid size requested for the workshop. For the constant-lift grid-convergence case, the convergence of total drag is approximately second-order on the finest three grids. The variation in total drag between the finest two grids is only two counts. At the finest grid levels, only small variations in wing and tail pressure distributions are seen with grid refinement. Similarly, a small wing side-of-body separation also shows little variation at the finest grid levels. Overall, the FUN3D results compare well with the structured-grid code CFL3D. For the grid-convergence case, the FUN3D total and component forces/moments are within one standard deviation of the workshop core solution medians and are very close to the median values especially at the finest grid levels. The FUN3D downwash study and Reynolds-number study results also compare well with the range of results shown in the workshop presentations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - DOWNWASH (Aerodynamics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
N1  - Accession Number: 97629022; Lee-Rausch, E. M. 1 Hammond, D. P. 1 Nielsen, E. J. 1 Pirzadeh, S. Z. 1 Rumsey, C. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1149; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: DOWNWASH (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032558
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629022&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rivers, Melissa B.
AU  - Dittberner, Ashley
T1  - Experimental Investigations of the NASA Common Research Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1183
EP  - 1193
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Experimental aerodynamic investigations of the NASA Common Research Model have been conducted in the NASA Langley National Transonic Facility and the NASA Ames 11 ft wind tunnel. Data have been obtained at chord Reynolds numbers of 5 million for five different configurations at both wind tunnels. Force and moment, surface pressure, and surface flow visualization data were obtained in both facilities, but only the force and moment data are presented herein. Nacelle/pylon, tail effects, and tunnel-to-tunnel variations have been assessed. The data from both wind tunnels show that an addition of a nacelle/pylon produced an increase in drag, a decrease in lift, and a less nose-down pitching moment around the design lift condition of 0.5 and that the tail effects also follow the expected trends. Also, nearly all of the data shown fall within the 2-sigma limits for repeatability. The tunnel-to-tunnel differences are negligible for lift and pitching moment, whereas the drag shows a difference of less than 10 counts for all of the configurations. These differences in drag may be due to the variation in the sting mounting systems at the two tunnels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629025; Rivers, Melissa B. 1 Dittberner, Ashley 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Jacobs Sverdrup, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1183; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032626
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629025&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Levy, David W.
AU  - Laflin, Kelly R.
AU  - Tinoco, Edward N.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Mori Mani
AU  - Rider, Ben
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Wahls, Richard A.
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf P.
AU  - Crippa, Simone
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri J.
AU  - Mitsuhiro Murayama
T1  - Summary of Data from the Fifth Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1194
EP  - 1213
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Fifth AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshop are presented. As with past workshops, numerical calculations are performed using industry-relevant geometry, methodology, and test cases. This workshop focused on force/moment predictions for the NASA Common Research Model wing-body configuration, including a grid refinement study and an optional buffet study. The grid refinement study used a common grid sequence derived from a multiblock topology structured grid. Six levels of refinement were created, resulting in grids ranging from 0.64x106 to 138x106 hexahedra, a much larger range than is typically seen. The grids were then transformed into structured overset and hexahedral, prismatic, tetrahedral, and hybrid unstructured formats all using the same basic cloud of points. This unique collection of grids was designed to isolate the effects of grid type and solution algorithm by using identical point distributions. This study showed reduced scatter and standard deviation from previous workshops. The second test case studied buffet onset at M=0.85 using the medium grid (5.1x106 nodes) from the sequence described earlier. The prescribed alpha sweep used finely spaced intervals through the zone where wing separation was expected to begin. Some solutions exhibited a large side of body separation bubble that was not observed in the wind-tunnel results. An optional third case used three sets of geometry, grids, and conditions from the Turbulence Model Resource website prepared by the Turbulence Model Benchmarking Working Group. These simple cases were intended to help identify potential differences in turbulence model implementation. Although a few outliers and issues affecting consistency were identified, the majority of participants produced consistent results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Tail surfaces
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629026; Levy, David W. 1 Laflin, Kelly R. 1 Tinoco, Edward N. 2 Vassberg, John C. 2 Mori Mani 2 Rider, Ben 2 Rumsey, Christopher L. 3 Wahls, Richard A. 3 Morrison, Joseph H. 3 Brodersen, Olaf P. 4 Crippa, Simone 4 Mavriplis, Dimitri J. 5 Mitsuhiro Murayama 6; Affiliation:  1: Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, Kansas 67215  2: Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois 98124  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: DLR Institute of Aerodynamics and Flow Technology, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany  5: University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071  6: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8522, Japan; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1194; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Tail surfaces; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032389
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629026&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrison, Joseph H.
T1  - Statistical Analysis of the Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop Computational Fluid Dynamics Solutions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1214
EP  - 1222
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A statistical analysis of the results from an extensive N-version test of a collection of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics codes is presented. The solutions were obtained by code developers and users from North America, Europe, Asia, and South America using a common grid sequence and multiple turbulence models for the June 2012 Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop sponsored by the AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Technical Committee. The aerodynamic configuration for this workshop was the Common Research Model subsonic transport wing-body previously used for the Fourth Drag Prediction Workshop. This work continues the statistical analysis begun in the earlier workshops and compares the results from the grid convergence study of the most recent workshop with previous workshops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629027; Morrison, Joseph H. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1214; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032736
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629027&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sclafani, Anthony J.
AU  - Vassberg, John C.
AU  - Winkler, Chad
AU  - Dorgan, Andrew J.
AU  - Mori Mani
AU  - Olsen, Michael E.
AU  - Coder, James G.
T1  - Analysis of the Common Research Model Using Structured and Unstructured Meshes.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1223
EP  - 1243
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Two general-purpose Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes flow solvers, OVERFLOW and BCFD, are used to analyze the NASA Common Research Model in a wing-body configuration. The codes are run on structured and unstructured common-grid families built specifically for the Fifth AIAA CFD Drag Prediction Workshop, allowing for a meaningful comparison of data. The results from a grid-convergence study are evaluated for each solver and grid type with focus on isolating individual effects of turbulence model and differencing scheme on computed forces, moments, and wing pressures. A medium mesh consisting of 5.1 million cells is used for a buffet-onset study to better understand variations in high-speed wing-separation prediction driven by the strengthening shock and by corner-flow physics at the wing-body juncture. Numerical simulation of side-of-body separation continues to be a challenge for Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes methods, in which solutions are sensitive to grid density and turbulence model, among other variables. However, a newly developed quadratic constitutive relation is employed with favorable results. Two additional studies are conducted to 1) investigate how well common-grid solutions compare with those on a grid built using best practices for a given flow solver, and 2) quantify the effects of transition and wing twist to provide insight on how the comparisons of computational fluid dynamics results with experimental data may be influenced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629028; Sclafani, Anthony J. 1 Vassberg, John C. 1 Winkler, Chad 2 Dorgan, Andrew J. 2 Mori Mani 2 Olsen, Michael E. 3 Coder, James G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647  2: Boeing Company, St. Louis, Missouri 63301  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1223; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032411
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629028&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Michael A.
AU  - Laflin, Kelly R.
AU  - Chaffin, Mark S.
AU  - Powell, Nicholas
AU  - Levy, David W.
T1  - CFL3D, FUN3D, and NSU3D Contributions to the Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1268
EP  - 1283
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results presented at the Fifth Drag Prediction Workshop using CFL3D, FUN3D, and NSU3D are described. These are calculations on the workshop-provided grids and drag-adapted grids. The NSU3D results have been updated to reflect an improvement to skin-friction calculation on skewed grids. FUN3D results generated after the workshop are included for custom participant-generated grids, as well as a grid from a previous workshop. Uniform grid refinement at the design condition shows a tight grouping in calculated drag, where the variation in the pressure component of drag is larger than the skin-friction component. At this design condition, a fine-grid drag value was predicted with a smaller drag adjoint adapted grid via tetrahedral adaption to a metric and mixed-element subdivision. The buffet study produced a larger variation than the design case, which is attributed to large differences in the predicted side-of-body separation extent. Various modeling and discretization approaches had a strong impact on predicted side-of-body separation. A summary of similar published studies is provided to place these observations in context. This large wing-root separation bubble was not observed in wind-tunnel tests, indicating that more work is necessary in modeling wing-root juncture flows to consistently predict experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
KW  - FRICTION drag
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
N1  - Accession Number: 97629030; Park, Michael A. 1 Laflin, Kelly R. 2 Chaffin, Mark S. 2 Powell, Nicholas 3 Levy, David W. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Cessna Aircraft Company, Wichita, Kansas 67218  3: Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah, Georgia 31402; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1268; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Subject Term: FRICTION drag; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032613
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629030&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keye, Stefan
AU  - Brodersen, Olaf
AU  - Rivers, Melissa B.
T1  - Investigation of Aeroelastic Effects on the NASA Common Research Model.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1323
EP  - 1330
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Static fluid-structure coupled simulations were performed on NASA's Common Research Model to assess the influence of aeroelastic effects on the numerical prediction of the overall aerodynamic coefficients and wing static pressure distributions. The numerical results of both rigid steady-state computational fluid dynamics and static aeroelastic coupled simulations were compared to the experimental data from wind tunnel test campaigns at NASA's National Transonic Facility and the NASA Ames Research Center's 11-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel Facility. Coupled analyses were performed using an in-house simulation procedure built around the German Aerospace Research Center's flow solver TAU and the commercial finite element analysis code NASTRAN®. The results show a considerable reduction of deviations between the computational results obtained during the fourth and fifth AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Drag Prediction Workshops and the measured data when aeroelastic wing deformations are taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Testing
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - STATIC pressure
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 97629034; Keye, Stefan 1 Brodersen, Olaf 1 Rivers, Melissa B. 2; Affiliation:  1: DLR, German Aerospace Research Center, 38108 Braunschweig, Germany  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1323; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Testing; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: STATIC pressure; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032598
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97629034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Tzortziou, Maria
AU  - Follette-Cook, Melanie
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Goldberg, Daniel
AU  - Satam, Chinmay
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Knapp, David J.
AU  - Montzka, Denise D.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - Impact of Bay-Breeze Circulations on Surface Air Quality and Boundary Layer Export.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 53
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1697
EP  - 1713
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Meteorological and air-quality model simulations are analyzed alongside observations to investigate the role of the Chesapeake Bay breeze on surface air quality, pollutant transport, and boundary layer venting. A case study was conducted to understand why a particular day was the only one during an 11-day ship-based field campaign on which surface ozone was not elevated in concentration over the Chesapeake Bay relative to the closest upwind site and why high ozone concentrations were observed aloft by in situ aircraft observations. Results show that southerly winds during the overnight and early-morning hours prevented the advection of air pollutants from the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan areas over the surface waters of the bay. A strong and prolonged bay breeze developed during the late morning and early afternoon along the western coastline of the bay. The strength and duration of the bay breeze allowed pollutants to converge, resulting in high concentrations locally near the bay-breeze front within the Baltimore metropolitan area, where they were then lofted to the top of the planetary boundary layer (PBL). Near the top of the PBL, these pollutants were horizontally advected to a region with lower PBL heights, resulting in pollution transport out of the boundary layer and into the free troposphere. This elevated layer of air pollution aloft was transported downwind into New England by early the following morning where it likely mixed down to the surface, affecting air quality as the boundary layer grew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR quality -- Research
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WINDS
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL quality
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Chemistry, atmospheric
KW  - Regional models
KW  - Sea breezes
KW  - Transport
N1  - Accession Number: 96955418; Loughner, Christopher P. 1,2 Tzortziou, Maria 1,2 Follette-Cook, Melanie 2,3 Pickering, Kenneth E. 2 Goldberg, Daniel 4 Satam, Chinmay 5 Weinheimer, Andrew 6 Crawford, James H. 7 Knapp, David J. 6 Montzka, Denise D. 6 Diskin, Glenn S. 7 Dickerson, Russell R. 4; Affiliation:  1: * Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  3: Morgan State University, Baltimore, Maryland  4: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  5: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  6: ** National Center for Atmospheric Research,++ Boulder, Colorado  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 53 Issue 7, p1697; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Research; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WINDS; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL quality; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric circulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemistry, atmospheric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea breezes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs, 7 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-13-0323.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96955418&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
T1  - Increasing Participation in the Pilot Weather Reporting (PIREP) System Through User Interface Design.
JO  - Journal of Aviation Technology & Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aviation Technology & Engineering
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 4
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 19
SN  - 21596670
AB  - Although pilots regard pilot weather reports (PIREPs) as valuable flight planning resources, the number of PIREPs that pilots submit is relatively small. In a previous survey, pilots indicated that submitting PIREPs sometimes requires too much effort, and that they are often unable to recall the information fields required to complete a report. Pilots also indicated that the idea of submitting a PIREP often does not occur to them, and that they feel that other pilots are mainly interested in receiving reports about severe weather. In this study the authors attempt to address obstacles to submitting PIREPs by proposing two alternative designs of a cockpit PIREP interface that: (1) provides pilots with the PIREP form, (2) reduces the process of filling it out to a few button presses, and (3) includes a feature by which pilots can request specific weather reports from other pilots. The request feature reduces the decision to submit a PIREP to deciding whether or not to assist another pilot with a specific request. A series of survey questions probed pilots about how such a system would affect the volume and quality of PIREPs that are submitted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aviation Technology & Engineering is the property of Purdue University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - COMPUTER interfaces
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits -- Warning systems
KW  - SURVEYS
KW  - helping behavior
KW  - interface design
KW  - pilot weather reports
KW  - PIREPs
N1  - Accession Number: 98706372; Casner, Stephen M. 1; Email Address: stephen.casner@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 4 Issue 1, p11; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: COMPUTER interfaces; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits -- Warning systems; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: helping behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: interface design; Author-Supplied Keyword: pilot weather reports; Author-Supplied Keyword: PIREPs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.7771/2159-6670.1101
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98706372&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Heather D.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Duncan, Andrew G.
AU  - Sims, Ronald C.
AU  - Anderson, Anne J.
AU  - Grossl, Paul R.
T1  - An instrument design for non-contact detection of biomolecules and minerals on Mars using fluorescence.
JO  - Journal of Biological Engineering
JF  - Journal of Biological Engineering
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 25
SN  - 17541611
AB  - We discuss fluorescence as a method to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other organic molecules, as well as minerals on the surface of Mars. We present an instrument design that is adapted from the ChemCam instrument which is currently on the Mars Science Lander Rover Curiosity and thus most of the primary components are currently flight qualified for Mars surface operations, significantly reducing development costs. The major change compared to ChemCam is the frequency multipliers of the 1064 nm laser to wavelengths suitable for fluorescence excitation (266 nm, 355 nm, and 532 nm). We present fluorescence spectrum for a variety of organics and minerals relevant to the surface of Mars. Preliminary results show minerals already known on Mars, such as perchlorate, fluoresce strongest when excited by 355 nm. Also we demonstrate that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as those present in Martian meteorites, are highly fluorescent at wavelengths in the ultraviolet (266 nm, 355 nm), but not as much in the visible (532 nm). We conclude that fluorescence can be an important method for Mars applications and standoff detection of organics and minerals. The instrument approach described in this paper builds on existing hardware and offers high scientific return for minimal cost for future missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biological Engineering is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOMOLECULES
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - MARS (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 97173534; Smith, Heather D. 1,2; Email Address: hdsmith@aggiemail.usu.edu McKay, Christopher P. 2; Email Address: Chris.McKay@nasa.gov Duncan, Andrew G. 3; Email Address: DesertSensors@gmail.com Sims, Ronald C. 1; Email Address: Ron.Sims@usu.edu Anderson, Anne J. 4; Email Address: Anne.Anderson@usu.edu Grossl, Paul R. 5; Email Address: Paul.Grossl@usu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Desert Sensors, Logan, UT 84341, USA  4: Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA  5: Department of Plants, Soils and Climate, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p2; Subject Term: BIOMOLECULES; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/1754-1611-8-16
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97173534&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sadovsky, Alexander V.
AU  - Davis, Damek
AU  - Isaacson, Douglas R.
T1  - Efficient Computation of Separation-Compliant Speed Advisories for Air Traffic Arriving in Terminal Airspace.
JO  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
JF  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 136
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 041027-1
EP  - 041027-10
SN  - 00220434
AB  - A class of problems in air traffic management (ATM) asks for a scheduling algorithm that supplies the air traffic services authority not only with a schedule of arrivals and departures hut also with speed advisories. Since advisories must he finite, a scheduling algorithm must ultimately produce a finite data set, hence must either start with a purely discrete model or involve a discretization of a continuous one. The former choice, often preferred for intuitive clarity, naturally leads to mixed-integer programs (MIPs), hindering proofs of correctness and computational cost bounds (crucial for real-time operations). In this paper, a hybrid control system is used to model air traffic scheduling, capturing both the discrete and continuous aspects. This framework is applied to a class of problems, called the fully routed nominal problem. We prove a number of geometric results on feasible schedules and use these results to formulate an algorithm that attempts to compute a collective speed advisory, effectively piecewise linear with finitely many vertices, and has computational cost polynomial in the number of aircraft. This work is a first step toward optimization and models refined with more realistic detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL chemistry
KW  - AIR traffic
KW  - AIRSPACE (International law)
KW  - INDUSTRIAL efficiency
KW  - SCHEDULING
N1  - Accession Number: 97027713; Sadovsky, Alexander V. 1; Email Address: alexander.v.sadovsky@nasa.gov Davis, Damek 2 Isaacson, Douglas R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: UCLA, Department of Mathematics, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1555; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 136 Issue 4, p041027-1; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL chemistry; Subject Term: AIR traffic; Subject Term: AIRSPACE (International law); Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL efficiency; Subject Term: SCHEDULING; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4026957
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97027713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karlgaard, Christopher D.
AU  - Kuttyt, Prasad
AU  - Schoenenberger, Mark
AU  - Munk, Michelle M.
AU  - Little, Alan
AU  - Kuhl, Christopher A.
AU  - Shidnert, Jeremy
T1  - Mars Science Laboratory Entry Atmospheric Data System Trajectory and Atmosphere Reconstruction.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1029
EP  - 1047
SN  - 00224650
AB  - On 5 August 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory entry vehicle successfully entered Mars's atmosphere and landed the Curiosity rover on its surface. The entry vehicle carried a system of heat shield instrumentation that measured the aerodynamic and aerothermal environment during entry. Included in these sensors were seven pressure transducers linked to ports across the entry vehicle forebody that recorded the local surface pressures during entry. These measured surface pressures were used to generate estimates of atmospheric quantities based on computationally modeled surface pressure distributions. Angle of attack, angle of sideslip, dynamic pressure, Mach number, atmospheric conditions, and vehicle aerodynamics were reconstructed from the measured pressures. Three data reduction algorithms using subsets of the available data were used to assess data quality and interpret the entry performance. A Kalman filter algorithm was used to combine all available data for a final, complete reconstruction. The reconstruction results indicate that the data quality was good, and aerodynamic performance was within the uncertainties of preflight models. The three independent reconstructions are in overall good agreement, with several small anomalies that were reconciled using reasonable corrections within known sources of error. The combined Kalman filter reconstruction identified winds that are reasonable compared with preflight atmospheric models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - PRESSURE transducers
KW  - DATA reduction
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97868962; Karlgaard, Christopher D. 1 Kuttyt, Prasad 1 Schoenenberger, Mark 2 Munk, Michelle M. 2 Little, Alan 2 Kuhl, Christopher A. 2 Shidnert, Jeremy 1; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666-6413  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1029; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: PRESSURE transducers; Subject Term: DATA reduction; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32770
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868962&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Allen
AU  - Cianciolo, Alicia
AU  - Vasavada, Ashwin R.
AU  - Karlgaard, Chris
AU  - Barnes, Jeff
AU  - Cantor, Bruce
AU  - Kass, David
AU  - Rafkin, Scot
AU  - Tyler, Dan
T1  - Reconstruction of Atmospheric Properties from Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1062
EP  - 1075
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The successful Mars Science Laboratory entry, descent, and landing returned a wealth of in situ data that, when combined with orbiter remote sensing data and numerical modeling results, can be used to determine the state of the atmosphere. The entry atmosphere reconstruction included data from several sources: 1) temperature and pressure data from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and Mars Climate Sounder instrument, 2) density derived from the Mars entry, descent, and landing instrument suite, 3) density derived from the vehicle's inertial measurement unit and knowledge of the vehicle aerodynamics, and 4) numerical mesoscale model results. No single data set is sufficient to understand the atmospheric state along the path flown by the spacecraft. Rather, the reconstructed profile of density is pieced together from the available data, along with some assumptions and inferences. The strategy used to combine the various data sets required a clear understanding of each source's strengths and weaknesses. The various data sets appear consistent and reinforce each other. From these data sets, a novel approach to anchoring reconstructed pressure data in the upper altitudes to observed data near the Gale Crater landing site is presented. The paper also describes how the anchoring technique, along with using postflight adjustments to mesoscale model data and in situ measurements are used to reconstruct the atmospheric state along the trajectory. The final reconstructed profile is compared with preflight predictions and implications of the new approach and lessons learned are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INERTIAL navigation systems
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 97868964; Chen, Allen 1 Cianciolo, Alicia 2 Vasavada, Ashwin R. 3 Karlgaard, Chris 4 Barnes, Jeff 5 Cantor, Bruce 6 Kass, David 3 Rafkin, Scot 7 Tyler, Dan 5; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute o f Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  4: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  5: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331  6: Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, California 92191  7: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, Colorado 80302; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1062; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INERTIAL navigation systems; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32708
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868964&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schoenenberger, Mark
AU  - Van Norman, John
AU  - Karlgaard, Chris
AU  - Kutty, Prasad
AU  - Way, David
T1  - Assessment of the Reconstructed Aerodynamics of the Mars Science Laboratory Entry Vehicle.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1076
EP  - 1093
SN  - 00224650
AB  - On 5 August 2012, the Mars Science Laboratory entry vehicle successfully entered the atmosphere of Mars, flying a guided entry until parachute deploy. The Curiosity rover landed safely in Gale crater upon completion of the entry, descent, and landing sequence. Preflight aerodynamic predictions are compared with the aerodynamic performance of the entry capsule identified from onboard flight data, including inertial-measurement-unit accelerometer and rate gyro information, and heat shield surface pressure measurements. From the onboard data, static force and moment coefficients have been extracted. These data are compared with the preflight aerodynamic database. The Mars Science Laboratory flight data represent the most complete and self-consistent record of a blunt capsule entering Mars collected to date. These data enable the separation of aerodynamic performance from atmospheric conditions. The comparisons show the Mars Science Laboratory aerodynamic characteristics have been successfully identified and resolved to an accuracy better than the aerodynamic database uncertainties used in preflight simulations. A number of small anomalies have been identified and are discussed. These data will help improve aerodynamic databases for future missions and will guide computational fluid dynamics development to improve predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE flight to Mars
KW  - LANDING (Aeronautics)
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 97868965; Schoenenberger, Mark 1 Van Norman, John 1 Karlgaard, Chris 1 Kutty, Prasad 1 Way, David 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1076; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE flight to Mars; Subject Term: LANDING (Aeronautics); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32794
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868965&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
AU  - Hollis, Brian R.
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - White, Todd R.
AU  - Mahzari, Milad
T1  - Mars Science Laboratory Heat Shield Aerothermodynamics: Design and Reconstruction.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1106
EP  - 1124
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory heat shield was designed to withstand a fully turbulent heat pulse using information from ground testing and computational analysis on a preflight design trajectory. Instrumentation on the flight heat shield measured in-depth temperatures to permit reconstruction of the surface heating. The data indicate that boundary-layer transition occurred at five of seven measurement locations before peak heating. Data oscillations at three pressure measurement locations may also indicate transition. This paper presents the heat shield temperature and pressure data, possible explanations for the timing of boundary-layer transition, and a comparison of reconstructed and computational heating on the actual trajectory. A smooth-wall boundary-layer Reynolds number that was used to predict transition is compared with observed transition at various heat shield locations. A single transition Reynolds number criterion does not uniformly explain the timing of boundary-layer transition observed during flight. A roughness-based Reynolds number suggests that transition due to discrete or distributed roughness elements occurred. However, the distributed roughness height from acreage heat shield material would have needed to be larger than expected. The instrumentation confirmed the predicted location of maximum turbulent heat flux near the lee-side shoulder. The reconstructed heat flux at that location is bounded by smooth-wall turbulent convective heating, indicating that a significant augmentation due to surface roughness did not occur. Turbulent heating on the downstream side of the heat shield nose exceeded smooth-wall convective levels, assuming a supercatalytic surface, indicating that roughness may have augmented heating. The stagnation region heating also exceeded calculated convective heating; the cause of elevated heating may be attributed to a combination of shock-layer radiation and a heating augmentation of unknown origin that was also evident in ground test data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - HEAT pulses
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 97868967; Edquist, Karl T. 1; Email Address: karl.t.edquist@nasa.gov Hollis, Brian R. 1 Johnston, Christopher O. 1 Bose, Deepak 2 White, Todd R. 3 Mahzari, Milad 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1106; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: HEAT pulses; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32749
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868967&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Beck, Robin A. S.
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
AU  - Driver, David
AU  - Sepka, Steven A.
AU  - Slimko, Eric M.
AU  - Willcockson, William H.
T1  - Sizing and Margins Assessment of Mars Science Laboratory Aeroshell Thermal Protection System.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1125
EP  - 1138
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The methodology employed for the thermal design and margins assessment of the Mars Science Laboratory aeroshell thermal protection system is reviewed. A new thermal margins policy was developed in the course of this work that provides additional rigor over previous methods. Because of a late change of thermal protection materials from the heritage super lightweight ablator 561V to phenolic impregnated carbon ablator, the design of the heat shield followed a nontraditional path in which the flight thickness was selected based on a mass (rather than thermal) limit. The material switch was followed by detailed thermal analyses that demonstrated that the baselined thickness was sufficient to provide adequate thermal protection to the vehicle without violating design requirements during a 3- sigma worst-case entry condition. The backshell material thickness was also finalized before the thermal sizing was completed, and the resulting analysis showed that there was more than sufficient material on the backshell. The parachute cone cover and backshell interface plate were the only major thermal protection system elements that followed a standard design process. Thermal sizing was performed for acreage and special features on the cone cover and interface plate, and the hardware was manufactured according to those analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 97868968; Wright, Michael J. 1; Email Address: Michael.J.Wright@nasa.gov Beck, Robin A. S. 1; Email Address: robin.a.beck@nasa.gov Edquist, Karl T. 2; Email Address: Karl.T.Edquist@nasa.gov Driver, David 1; Email Address: David.M.Driver@nasa.gov Sepka, Steven A. 3; Email Address: Steven.A.Sepka@nasa.gov Slimko, Eric M. 4; Email Address: Eric.M.Slimko@nasa.gov Willcockson, William H. 5; Email Address: William.H.Willcockson@lmco.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: ERC, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94087  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  5: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Littleton, Colorado 80125; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1125; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32579
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868968&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beck, Robin A. S.
AU  - Driver, David M.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Hwang, Helen H.
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
AU  - Sepka, Steven A.
T1  - Development of the Mars Science Laboratory Heatshield Thermal Protection System.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1139
EP  - 1150
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Early in the development of the Mars Science Laboratory thermal protection system on the heatshield, project management planned to use Lockheed Martin's Super Light Ablator in honeycomb as the ablative material based on successful use on previous Mars entry heatshields and on stagnation arcjet tests at heating rates beyond the design levels. Because this heatshield would be the first to experience combined turbulent flow and high shear environments as it entered the Mars atmosphere, tests were performed in various arcjet facilities on flat-plate, wedge, and swept-cylinder specimen configurations in order to ascertain the effects of shear on the material. During the course of these tests, a set of conditions within the flight envelope was identified that resulted in catastrophic failure in the SLA-561V. Consequently, project management decided to replace the SLA-561 V with the phenolic-impregnated carbon ablator, the material that had flown successfully on the Stardust mission and was undergoing intense testing and characterization for the Crew Exploration Vehicle Thermal Protection System Advanced Development Program. With only two years remaining before the expected launch date, and less than 18 months before the heatshield delivery date, the Mars Science Laboratory team developed and built NASA's first tiled ablator flight heatshield that contributed to the outstanding success of the spacecraft's entry, descent, and landing on 5 August 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 97868969; Beck, Robin A. S. 1 Driver, David M. 1 Wright, Michael J. 1 Hwang, Helen H. 1 Edquist, Karl T. 2 Sepka, Steven A. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1139; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32635
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868969&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Driver, David M.
AU  - Carballo, J. Enrique
AU  - Beck, Robin
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh
AU  - Santos, Jose A.
AU  - Cassell, Alan
AU  - Skokova, Kristina
AU  - Chun Tang
AU  - Hwang, Helen H.
AU  - Slimko, Eric
AU  - Willcockson, William
AU  - Songer, Jarvis
T1  - Arcjet Testing in Shear Environment for Mars Science Laboratory Thermal Protection System.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1151
EP  - 1166
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Thermal protection system materials for the Mars Science Laboratory mission were tested in the NASA Ames 60 MW arcjet in a shear environment. Shear tests were performed on candidate ablative heat shield materials in wedge and swept cylinder test fixtures. In portions of the expected flight environment, the proposed main heat shield material, known as SLA-561V, recessed orders of magnitude faster than predicted. An alternate main heat shield material, known as phenolic impregnated carbon ablator, behaved reasonably well in all regions of the flight envelope investigated here. However, the measured recession rate of the phenolic impregnated carbon ablator was on average 50% greater than the predicted recession by the fully implicit ablation and thermal response code, and in some cases the measured recession was as much as 150% greater (uncertainties included). Phenolic impregnated carbon ablator's higher recession rate than predicted (in shear) resulted in adding thickness margin to the flight heat shield design. Other tests of the phenolic impregnated carbon ablator heat shield system, including tests of various gap fillers, damage scenarios, and repair scenarios, demonstrated the robustness of this heat shield system for use in the predicted Mars Science Laboratory flight environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - CARBON
N1  - Accession Number: 97868970; Driver, David M. 1 Carballo, J. Enrique 1 Beck, Robin 1 Prabhu, Dinesh 1 Santos, Jose A. 1 Cassell, Alan 1 Skokova, Kristina 1 Chun Tang 1 Hwang, Helen H. 1 Slimko, Eric 2 Willcockson, William 3 Songer, Jarvis 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California 91109  3: Lockheed Martin Space Systems, Littleton, Colorado 80125; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1151; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Subject Term: CARBON; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32728
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868970&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bose, Deepak
AU  - White, Todd
AU  - Mahzari, Milad
AU  - Edquist, Karl
T1  - Reconstruction of Aerothermal Environment and Heat Shield Response of Mars Science Laboratory.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1174
EP  - 1184
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An initial assessment and reconstruction of the Mars Science Laboratory entry aerothermal environment and thermal protection system response is performed using the onboard instrumentation suite called the Mars Science Laboratory entry, descent, and landing instrumentation. The analysis is performed using the current best-estimated trajectory. The Mars Science Laboratory Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation suite in part provides in- depth temperature measurements at seven locations on the heat shield. The temperature data show the occurrence of boundary-layer transition to turbulence on the leeside forebody of the entry vehicle. The data also suggest that the thermal protection system recession is lower than nominal model predictions using diffusion limited surface oxidation. The model predictions of temperatures show an underprediction in the stagnation and apex regions and an overprediction in the leeside region. An estimate of time-varying aeroheating using an inverse reconstruction technique is also presented. The reconstructed aeroheating is sensitive to the choice of a recession model. A few areas of excess margins in aerothermal environments and thermal protection system sizing are identified for reevaluation in future designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 97868972; Bose, Deepak 1 White, Todd 2 Mahzari, Milad 3 Edquist, Karl 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1174; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32783
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868972&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruz, Juan R.
AU  - Way, David W.
AU  - Shidner, Jeremy D.
AU  - Davis, Jody L.
AU  - Adams, Douglas S.
AU  - Kipp, Devin M.
T1  - Reconstruction of the Mars Science Laboratory Parachute Performance.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1185
EP  - 1196
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory used a single mortar-deployed, disk-gap-band parachute of 21.35 m nominal diameter to assist in the landing of the Curiosity rover on the surface of Mars. The parachute system's performance on Mars was reconstructed using data from the onboard inertial measurement unit, atmospheric models, and terrestrial measurements of the parachute system. In addition, the parachute performance results were compared against the end-to-end entry, descent, and landing simulation created to design and operate the entry, descent, and landing system. Mortar performance was nominal. The reconstructed aerodynamic portion of the first peak inflation force was 153.8 kN; the median value for this parameter from an 8000 trial Monte Carlo simulation yielded a value of 175.4 kN: 14% higher than the reconstructed value. Aeroshell dynamics during the parachute phase of entry, descent, and landing were evaluated by examining the aeroshell total rotation rate and total rotational acceleration. The peak values of these parameters were 69.4 deg / s and 625 deg / s², respectively, which were well within the acceptable range. The entry, descent, and landing simulation was successful in predicting the aeroshell dynamics within reasonable bounds. The average parachute total force coefficient for Mach numbers below 0.6 was 0.636, which is close to the preflight model nominal drag coefficient of 0.615. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICAL laboratories
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PARACHUTES
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 97868973; Cruz, Juan R. 1 Way, David W. 1 Shidner, Jeremy D. 1 Davis, Jody L. 1 Adams, Douglas S. 2 Kipp, Devin M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1185; Subject Term: AERONAUTICAL laboratories; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PARACHUTES; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 314990 All other textile product mills; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32816
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868973&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sell, Steven W.
AU  - Davis, Jody L.
AU  - Martin, A. Miguel San
AU  - Serricchio, Frederick
T1  - Powered Flight Design and Performance Summary for the Mars Science Laboratory Mission.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1197
EP  - 1207
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The powered flight segment of Mars Science Laboratory's Entry, Descent, and Landing system extends from backshell separation through landing. This segment is responsible for removing the final 0.1 % of the kinetic energy dissipated during entry, descent, and landing and culminates with the successful touchdown of the rover on the surface of Mars. Powered descent overcame the many challenges that exist in the powered flight segment: extracting the powered descent vehicle from the backshell, performing a 300 m divert maneuver to avoid collision with the backshell and parachute, slowing the descent from 85 m/s to 0.75 m/s successfully lowering the rover on a 7.5 m bridle beneath the rocket-powered descent stage, and gently placing it on the surface using the sky crane maneuver. Finally, the nearly spent descent stage executed a flyaway maneuver to ensure surface impact at a safe distance from the rover. The powered flight segment's execution resulted in Mars Science Laboratory's successful touchdown on the night of 5 August 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - KINETIC energy
KW  - PARACHUTES
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 97868974; Sell, Steven W. 1 Davis, Jody L. 2 Martin, A. Miguel San 3 Serricchio, Frederick 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute o f Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1197; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: KINETIC energy; Subject Term: PARACHUTES; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 314990 All other textile product mills; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32682
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868974&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hamilton, H. H.
AU  - Weilmuenster, K. J.
AU  - DeJarnette, F. R.
T1  - Approximate Method for Computing Convective Heating on Hypersonic Vehicles Using Unstructured Grids.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1288
EP  - 1305
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The ability to predict surface heating rates, as well as shear and pressure forces, is fundamental to the analysis and design of the thermal protection system for hypersonic vehicles. Approximate engineering codes that can be used to rapidly predict heating rates are extremely useful in the preliminary or conceptual design phase, whereas more detailed and expensive Navier--Stokes codes are generally used to provide more accurate heating rate predictions for final design. An earlier code has been used successfully in conjunction with inviscid flowfield codes computed on single-block structured grids. More recent inviscid codes have been developed that use unstructured grids, which greatly reduce grid generation time for complex configurations. A newer heating code had been used successfully with unstructured inviscid flowfield codes to compute laminar heating on general three-dimensional vehicles using unstructured grids and the heating rates over most of the vehicle have been shown to compare favorably with results from both boundary-layer and Navier--Stokes calculations. However, some anomalies were encountered in the stagnation region. This paper describes the newest version of the approximate heating code, which provides much better heating results in the stagnation region. The new code includes the capability to calculate both laminar and turbulent heating rates, for either perfect gas or equilibrium-air chemistry, with radiation-equilibrium or constant wall temperature boundary conditions. An approximate expression is implemented to account for the effect of velocity gradient on laminar heating. In addition, a new approximate method for computing the effect of finite wall catalysis on surface heating is included. A new improved axisymmetric analog method is developed to calculate inviscid surface streamlines and metric coefficients based on unstructured grids. Results are calculated and compared with both boundary-layer and Navier--Stokes solutions for a range of typical hypersonic vehicles. The new code is directed toward the development of more efficient and accurate approximate engineering methods for predicting heating on hypersonic vehicles and to better understand how these methods can be integrated with more detailed Navier--Stokes results to improve the overall vehicle and thermal design processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TURBULENT heating
N1  - Accession Number: 97868981; Hamilton, H. H. 1 Weilmuenster, K. J. 1 DeJarnette, F. R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1288; Subject Term: HYPERSONICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: INVISCID flow; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENT heating; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32518
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868981&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baginski, Frank E.
AU  - Brakke, Kenneth A.
AU  - Cruz, Juan R.
T1  - Estimating the Collapse Pressure of a Tension-Cone Aerodynamic Decelerator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/07//Jul/Aug2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1368
EP  - 1373
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The article provides information on a study which examined a method to estimate the torus collapse pressure of a tension-cone inflatable aerodynamic decelerator (IAD). Topics discussed include wind-tunnel tension-cone models and pressure sweep testing, mathematical model for a tension-cone IAD and the measurement of the pressure distribution after the deformation of the tension cone before collapse.
KW  - TORUS (Geometry)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 97868988; Baginski, Frank E. 1 Brakke, Kenneth A. 2 Cruz, Juan R. 3; Affiliation:  1: George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052  2: Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania 17870  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul/Aug2014, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p1368; Subject Term: TORUS (Geometry); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32765
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97868988&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Biedron, Robert T.
T1  - FUN3D Airloads Predictions for the Full-Scale UH-60A Airloads Rotor in a Wind Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 032002-1
EP  - 032002-19
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - An unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver for unstructured grids, FUN3D, is used to compute the rotor performance and airloads of the UH-60A Airloads Rotor in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex (NFAC) 40 × 80-ft Wind Tunnel. The flow solver is loosely coupled to a rotorcraft comprehensive code, CAMRAD-II, to account for trim and aeroelastic deflections. Computations are made for the 1-g level flight speed-sweep test conditions with the airloads rotor installed on the NFAC Large Rotor Test Apparatus (LRTA) and in the 40 × 80-ft wind tunnel to determine the influence of the test stand and wind tunnel walls on the rotor performance and airloads. Detailed comparisons are made between the results of the computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics (CFD/CSD) simulations and the wind tunnel measurements. The computed trends in solidity weighted propulsive force and power coefficient match the experimental trends over the range of advance ratios and are comparable to previously published results. Rotor performance and sectional airloads show little sensitivity to the modeling of the wind tunnel walls, which indicates that the rotor shaft-angle correction adequately compensates for the wall influence up to an advance ratio of 0.37. Sensitivity of the rotor performance and sectional airloads to the modeling of the rotor with the LRTA body/hub increases with advance ratio. The inclusion of the LRTA in the simulation slightly improves the comparison of rotor propulsive force between the computation and wind tunnel data but does not resolve the difference in the rotor power predictions at an advance ratio of 0.37. Despite a more precise knowledge of the rotor trim loads and flight condition, the level of comparison between the computed and measured sectional airloads/pressures at an advance ratio of 0.37 is comparable to the results previously published for the high-speed flight test condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AXIAL loads
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 97328927; Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M. 1; Email Address: e.lee-rausch@nasa.gov Biedron, Robert T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  2: Senior Research Scientist, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p032002-1; Subject Term: AXIAL loads; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.032002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97328927&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brentner, Kenneth S.
AU  - Morris, Philip J.
AU  - Lopes, Leonard V.
T1  - A Method for Predicting the Noise of a Tip-Jet Driven Rotor.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 032004-1
EP  - 032004-10
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The use of tip-jets to provide the torque to power rotor blades has long been considered as an alternate approach to a shaft-driven rotor system. However, large tip-jet exit velocities are needed to provide sufficient jet thrust to power the rotor; hence, these jets can generate very large noise levels when compared to the usual sources of rotating blade noise. This paper demonstrates a new approach to predict the noise from such a design. The prediction method uses a derivative of the SAE ARP876 (Revision D) code to compute the tip-jet noise and PSU-WOPWOP to compute the rotational noise. Noise predictions for the Fairey Rotodyne aircraft are compared with acoustic measurements to provide a limited validation of the noise prediction method. The prediction method is also demonstrated through a brief investigation of design constraints and their impact on the rotor noise levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TORQUE control
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - TURBOMACHINES -- Blades
KW  - VELOCITY
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - FAIREY Rotodyne (Helicopter)
N1  - Accession Number: 97328929; Brentner, Kenneth S. 1; Email Address: ksbrentner@psu.edu Morris, Philip J. 2 Lopes, Leonard V. 3; Affiliation:  1: Professor of Aerospace Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA  2: Boeing/A. D. Welliver Professor of Aerospace Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA  3: Research Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p032004-1; Subject Term: TORQUE control; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES -- Blades; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: FAIREY Rotodyne (Helicopter); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.032004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97328929&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juhasz, Ondrej
AU  - Syal, Monica
AU  - Celi, Roberto
AU  - Khromov, Vladimir
AU  - Rand, Omri
AU  - Ruzicka, Gene C.
AU  - Strawn, Roger C.
T1  - Comparison of Three Coaxial Aerodynamic Prediction Methods Including Validation with Model Test Data.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 032006-1
EP  - 032006-14
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The paper presents the application of three aerodynamic prediction methods, covering a wide spectrum of sophistication and computational efficiency, to a model-scale coaxial rotor with highly twisted blades. The first method is based on bladeelementmomentum theory. The second is based on a free-vortex wake model, and the third is a computational fluid dynamics analysis based on Navier-Stokes solutions on structured grids. The results are compared with experimental data from model rotor tests in hover. There is generally good agreement between theory and experiment for the quantities considered, namely rotor thrust, torque, and inflow, but the results fromthe three methods differ in several important details. The best approach to coaxial rotor aerodynamic analysis judiciously combines the three predictive capabilities depending on the level of detail desired and uses a more sophisticated approach to calibrate and correct a simpler one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Mathematical models
KW  - COAXIAL waveguides
KW  - TURBOMACHINES -- Blades
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
N1  - Accession Number: 97328931; Juhasz, Ondrej 1; Email Address: ojuhasz2@umd.edu Syal, Monica 1 Celi, Roberto 2 Khromov, Vladimir 3 Rand, Omri 4 Ruzicka, Gene C. 5 Strawn, Roger C. 6; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD  2: Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD  3: Researcher, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel  4: Professor, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel  5: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  6: Group Leader, U.S. Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p032006-1; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: COAXIAL waveguides; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES -- Blades; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.032006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Takahashi, Marc D.
AU  - Whalley, Matthew S.
AU  - Fletcher, Jay W.
AU  - Moralez III, Ernesto
AU  - Ott, Carl R.
AU  - Olmstead, Michael G.
AU  - Goerzen, Chad L.
AU  - Schulein, Gregory J.
T1  - Development and Flight Testing of a Flight Control Law for Autonomous Operations Research on the RASCAL JUH-60A.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 59
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 032007-1
EP  - 032007-13
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - A critical element of rotorcraft autonomy is a flight control system that can operate harmoniously with the various autonomy components that depend on it. This is particularly true for highly interactive components, such as obstacle field navigation (OFN), where the vehicle navigation course is constantly being altered as more terrain information is gathered. This paper describes the development, integration, and flight-testing of an autonomous flight control system (AFCS) on a JUH-60A research helicopter. Flight-test results include control law validation using frequency domain analysis and performance characteristics using both ADS-33E mission task elements and path-error measurements. These performance data are then used to configure a risk minimizing OFN algorithm with the AFCS. The integrated OFN algorithm and AFCS are demonstrated in flight by navigating autonomously through 23 mi of mountainous terrain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - GOVERNMENT policy
KW  - AUTONOMOUS vehicles
KW  - NAVIGATION (Astronautics)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 97328932; Takahashi, Marc D. 1; Email Address: marc.d.takahashi.civ@mail.mil Whalley, Matthew S. 1 Fletcher, Jay W. 1 Moralez III, Ernesto 1 Ott, Carl R. 1 Olmstead, Michael G. 1 Goerzen, Chad L. 2 Schulein, Gregory J. 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate-AFDD Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Research, Development and Engineering Command Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: San Jose State Foundation, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 3, p032007-1; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: GOVERNMENT policy; Subject Term: AUTONOMOUS vehicles; Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Astronautics); Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.032007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W. G.
T1  - Oral histories in meteoritics and planetary science-XXV: Vagn F. Buchwald.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 49
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1271
EP  - 1287
SN  - 10869379
AB  - Vagn Buchwald (Fig. [Vagn F. Bu]) was born in Copenhagen where he attended school and college. Then after 18 months of military service, he assumed a position at the Technical University of Copenhagen. A few years later, he was presented with a piece of the Cape York meteorite, which led to an interest in iron meteorites. Through a campaign of informed searching, Vagn found the 20 ton Agpalilik meteorite (part of the Cape York shower) on 31st July 1963 and by September 1967 had arranged its transport to Copenhagen. After sorting and describing the Danish collection, which included application of the Fe-Ni-P phase diagram to iron meteorite mineralogy, Vagn was invited to sort and describe other iron meteorite collections. This led to a 7 yr project to write his monumental Handbook of Iron Meteorites. Vagn spent 3 yr in the United States and visited most of the world's museums, the visit to Berlin being especially important since the war had left their iron meteorites in bad condition and without labels. During a further decade or more of iron meteorite research, he documented natural and anthropomorphic alterations experienced by iron meteorites, discovered five new minerals (roaldite, carlsbergite, akaganeite, hibbingite, and arupite); had a mineral (buchwaldite, NaCa PO4) and asteroid (3209 Buchwald 1982 BL1) named after him; and led expeditions to Chile, Namibia, and South Africa in search of iron meteorites and information on them. Vagn then turned his attention to archeological metal artifacts. This work resulted in many papers and culminated in two major books on the subject published in 2005 and 2008, after his retirement in 1998. Vagn Buchwald has received numerous Scandinavian awards and honors, and served as president of the Meteoritical Society in 1981-1982. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOLOGISTS
KW  - METEORITICS
KW  - METEORITES -- Research
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - BUCHWALD, Vagn F.
N1  - Accession Number: 96924021; Sears, Derek W. G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center/Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Space Science and Astrobiology Division,; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 49 Issue 7, p1271; Subject Term: GEOLOGISTS; Subject Term: METEORITICS; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Research; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; People: BUCHWALD, Vagn F.; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12332
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fryauf, David M.
AU  - Zhang, Junce
AU  - Norris, Kate J.
AU  - Diaz Leon, Juan J.
AU  - Oye, Michael M.
AU  - Wei, Min
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Photoluminescence blue shift of indium phosphide nanowire networks with aluminum oxide coating.
JO  - Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters
JF  - Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 663
EP  - 667
SN  - 18626254
AB  - This paper describes our finding that optical properties of semiconductor nanowires were modified by depositing a thin layer of metal oxide. Indium phosphide nanowires were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates with gold catalyst resulting in three-dimensional nanowire networks, and optical properties were obtained from the collective nanowire networks. The networks were coated with an aluminum oxide thin film deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition. We studied the dependence of the peak wavelength of photoluminescence spectra on the thickness of the oxide coatings. A continuous blue shift in photoluminescence spectra was observed when the thickness of the oxide coating was increased. The observed blue shift is attributed to the Burstein-Moss effect due to increased carrier concentration in the nanowire cores caused by repulsion from intrinsic negative fixed charges located at the inner oxide surface. Samples were further characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and selective area diffractometry to better understand the physical mechanisms for the blue shift. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physica Status Solidi - Rapid Research Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - INDIUM phosphide
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - PHOTOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - aluminum oxide
KW  - atomic layer deposition
KW  - Burstein−Moss shift
KW  - indium phosphide nanowire
KW  - photoluminescence
N1  - Accession Number: 96986380; Fryauf, David M. 1,2 Zhang, Junce 1,2 Norris, Kate J. 1,2 Diaz Leon, Juan J. 1,2 Oye, Michael M. 1,2 Wei, Min 2,3 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz - NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: School of Micro-Electronics and Solid-Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, P.R. China; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 8 Issue 7, p663; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: INDIUM phosphide; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: aluminum oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: atomic layer deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Burstein−Moss shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: indium phosphide nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: photoluminescence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/pssr.201409008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garamszegi, Sara
AU  - Yen, Judy Y.
AU  - Honko, Anna N.
AU  - Geisbert, Joan B.
AU  - Rubins, Kathleen H.
AU  - Geisbert, Thomas W.
AU  - Xia, Yu
AU  - Hensley, Lisa E.
AU  - Connor, John H.
T1  - Transcriptional Correlates of Disease Outcome in Anticoagulant-Treated Non-Human Primates Infected with Ebolavirus.
JO  - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
JF  - PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19352727
AB  - Ebola virus (EBOV) infection in humans and non-human primates (NHPs) is highly lethal, and there is limited understanding of the mechanisms associated with pathogenesis and survival. Here, we describe a transcriptomic analysis of NHPs that survived lethal EBOV infection, compared to NHPs that did not survive. It has been previously demonstrated that anticoagulant therapeutics increase the survival rate in EBOV-infected NHPs, and that the characteristic transcriptional profile of immune response changes in anticoagulant-treated NHPs. In order to identify transcriptional signatures that correlate with survival following EBOV infection, we compared the mRNA expression profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from EBOV-infected NHPs that received anticoagulant treatment, to those that did not receive treatment. We identified a small set of 20 genes that are highly confident predictors and can accurately distinguish between surviving and non-surviving animals. In addition, we identified a larger predictive signature of 238 genes that correlated with disease outcome and treatment; this latter signature was associated with a variety of host responses, such as the inflammatory response, T cell death, and inhibition of viral replication. Notably, among survival-associated genes were subsets of genes that are transcriptionally regulated by (1) CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha, (2) tumor protein 53, and (3) megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 and myocardin-like protein 2. These pathways merit further investigation as potential transcriptional signatures of host immune response to EBOV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EBOLA virus
KW  - EBOLA virus disease
KW  - BIOLOGICAL weapons
KW  - MAMMALS
KW  - ANTIGENS
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Computational biology
KW  - Microbiology
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Virology
KW  - Virus effects on host gene expression
N1  - Accession Number: 97291168; Garamszegi, Sara 1 Yen, Judy Y. 2,3 Honko, Anna N. 4 Geisbert, Joan B. 5 Rubins, Kathleen H. 6 Geisbert, Thomas W. 5 Xia, Yu 1,7 Hensley, Lisa E. 8 Connor, John H. 1,2,3; Email Address: jhconnor@bu.edu; Affiliation:  1: 1 Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, University of America  2: 2 Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, University of America  3: 3 National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, University of America  4: 4 U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America  5: 5 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America  6: 6 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas, United States of America  7: 7 Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada  8: 8 Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 8 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: EBOLA virus; Subject Term: EBOLA virus disease; Subject Term: BIOLOGICAL weapons; Subject Term: MAMMALS; Subject Term: ANTIGENS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virus effects on host gene expression; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325414 Biological Product (except Diagnostic) Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003061
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Longrew, Jerome
AU  - Huelles, Martina
AU  - Xionak, Charles
T1  - El arte y la ciencia de la Ingeniería de Sistemas.
T2  - The art and science of Systems Engineering.
JO  - Revista Antioqueña de las Ciencias Computacionales
JF  - Revista Antioqueña de las Ciencias Computacionales
Y1  - 2014/07//jul-dic2014
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 34
SN  - 22487441
AB  - In this work are collected years of experience and the work of systems engineering, and debates centered in the industry leadership, of engineer and instructors around the world. A recurrent issue in this experiences and discussions is that community used a lot of terms and titles more diffused with the aim of achieve an agreement toward a common comprehension of this area of knowledge. Besides, it does not matter how are divided the functions and responsibilities among teams, the obligatoriness is ensure that this be clears and are run as a functional whole. The goal is provide a wide definition of systems engineer, described the characteristics of behave of highly effective engineered, and make explicit the expectations of the same. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - En este trabajo se recopilan años de experiencia y de trabajo en Ingeniería de Sistemas, y de debates centrados en el liderazgo en la industria, de ingenieros e instructores en todo el mundo. Un tema recurrente en estas experiencias y discusiones es que en la comunidad se utilizan muchas y diversas definiciones y descripciones para referirse a esta ingeniería. Aquí se utilizan los términos y títulos más difundidos con el objetivo de lograr un acuerdo hacia una comprensión común de esta área del conocimiento. Además, no importa cómo se dividan las funciones y responsabilidades entre los equipos, la obligatoriedad es asegurarse de que sean claras y que se ejecutan como un todo funcional. El objetivo es proporcionar una definición amplia de la Ingeniería de Sistemas, describir las características de comportamiento de los ingenieros altamente eficaces, y hacer explícitas las expectativas de los mismos. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Revista Antioqueña de las Ciencias Computacionales is the property of Instituto Antioqueno de Investigacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - abilities
KW  - capabilities
KW  - curricula
KW  - Skills
KW  - systems engineer
KW  - capacidades
KW  - destrezas
KW  - Habilidades
KW  - ingeniero de sistemas
KW  - plan de estudios
N1  - Accession Number: 100605546; Longrew, Jerome 1; Email Address: Jelongrew@grc.nasa.gov Huelles, Martina 1; Email Address: Mahuelles@mail.hq.nasa.gov Xionak, Charles 1; Email Address: Chxionak@mail.arc.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA; Source Info: jul-dic2014, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p27; Author-Supplied Keyword: abilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: capabilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: curricula; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skills; Author-Supplied Keyword: systems engineer; Author-Supplied Keyword: capacidades; Author-Supplied Keyword: destrezas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Habilidades; Author-Supplied Keyword: ingeniero de sistemas; Author-Supplied Keyword: plan de estudios; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Spanish; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article; Language: Spanish
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Yi
AU  - Hansen, Mark
AU  - Gupta, Gautam
AU  - Malik, Waqar
AU  - Jung, Yoon
T1  - Predictability impacts of airport surface automation.
JO  - Transportation Research: Part C
JF  - Transportation Research: Part C
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 44
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 145
SN  - 0968090X
AB  - Highlights: [•] We propose metrics for measuring predictability in airport surface operations. [•] We assess predictability impacts of the Spot and Runway Departure Advisor (SARDA). [•] SARDA provides significant gains in taxi-out time predictability. [•] SARDA results in moderate reductions in the entropy of the airfield state. [•] Departure sequence predictability is high with and without SARDA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transportation Research: Part C is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPORTS
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - RUNWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - Airport surface operations
KW  - Automation
KW  - Gate holding
KW  - Performance metrics
KW  - Predictability
N1  - Accession Number: 96446658; Liu, Yi 1; Email Address: liuyisha@berkeley.edu Hansen, Mark 2 Gupta, Gautam 3 Malik, Waqar 3 Jung, Yoon 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 107 McLaughlin Hall, Berkeley 94720, USA  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 114 McLaughlin Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: University of California, Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 44, p128; Subject Term: AIRPORTS; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: RUNWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: ENTROPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airport surface operations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gate holding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance metrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488119 Other Airport Operations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.trc.2014.03.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96446658&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Elastic constants of solids and fluids with initial pressure via a unified approach based on equations-of-state.
JO  - Ultrasonics
JF  - Ultrasonics
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 54
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1323
EP  - 1331
SN  - 0041624X
AB  - Highlights: [•] Initial stresses are included in the Cauchy stress relation as a basis for subsequent derivations. [•] Expressions for various nonlinearity parameters are derived that include initial stresses. [•] The importance of ‘natural’ versus ‘true’ velocities for nonlinearity measurements is shown. [•] Brugger elastic constants are obtained in terms of elastic parameters in fluid equations of state. [•] The Brugger constants are validated using expressions derived for the nonlinearity parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ultrasonics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTIC constants
KW  - EQUATIONS of state
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - CAUCHY problem
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Elastic constants
KW  - Fluids
KW  - Initial pressure
KW  - Nonlinearity parameters
KW  - Solids
N1  - Accession Number: 95382934; Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Research Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 54 Issue 5, p1323; Subject Term: ELASTIC constants; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of state; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: CAUCHY problem; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic constants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Initial pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinearity parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solids; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.01.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raghavan, Ram K.
AU  - Almes, Kelli
AU  - Goodin, Doug G.
AU  - Harrington, John A.
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
T1  - Spatially Heterogeneous Land Cover/Land Use and Climatic Risk Factors of Tick-Borne Feline Cytauxzoonosis.
JO  - Vector Borne & Zoonotic Diseases
JF  - Vector Borne & Zoonotic Diseases
Y1  - 2014/07//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 486
EP  - 495
SN  - 15303667
AB  - Background: Feline cytauxzoonosis is a highly fatal tick-borne disease caused by a hemoparasitic protozoan, Cytauxzoon felis. This disease is a leading cause of mortality for cats in the Midwestern United States, and no vaccine or effective treatment options exist. Prevention based on knowledge of risk factors is therefore vital. Associations of different environmental factors, including recent climate were evaluated as potential risk factors for cytauxzoonosis using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Methods: There were 69 cases determined to be positive for cytauxzoonosis based upon positive identification of C. felis within blood film examinations, tissue impression smears, or histopathologic examination of tissues. Negative controls totaling 123 were selected from feline cases that had a history of fever, malaise, icterus, and anorexia but lack of C. felis within blood films, impression smears, or histopathologic examination of tissues. Additional criteria to rule out C. felis among controls were the presence of regenerative anemia, cytologic examination of blood marrow or lymph node aspirate, other causative agent diagnosed, or survival of 25 days or greater after testing. Potential environmental determinants were derived from publicly available sources, viz., US Department of Agriculture (soil attributes), US Geological Survey (land-cover/landscape, landscape metrics), and NASA (climate). Candidate variables were screened using univariate logistic models with a liberal p value (0.2), and associations with cytauxzoonosis were modeled using a global multivariate logistic model ( p<0.05). Spatial heterogeneity among significant variables in the study region was modeled using a geographically weighted regression (GWR) approach. Results: Total Edge Contrast Index (TECI), grassland-coverage, humidity conditions recorded during the 9th week prior to case arrival, and an interaction variable, 'diurnal temperature range×percent mixed forest area' were significant risk factors for cytauxzoonosis in the study region. TECI and grassland areas exhibited significant regional differences in their effects on cytauxzoonosis outcome, whereas others were uniform. Conclusions: Land-cover areas favorable for tick habitats and climatic conditions that favor the tick life cycle are strong risk factors for feline cytauxzoonosis. Spatial heterogeneity and interaction effects between land-cover and climatic variables may reveal new information when evaluating risk factors for vector-borne diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Vector Borne & Zoonotic Diseases is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TICK-borne diseases
KW  - PROTOZOAN diseases
KW  - GEOGRAPHIC information systems
KW  - PATHOLOGICAL histology
KW  - Climate
KW  - Cytauxzoonosis
KW  - Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR)
KW  - Feline
KW  - Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
KW  - Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)
KW  - Humidity
KW  - Multivariate logistic
KW  - NASA
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Agriculture
N1  - Accession Number: 97012213; Raghavan, Ram K. Almes, Kelli 1 Goodin, Doug G. 2 Harrington, John A. 2 Stackhouse, Paul W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.  2: Department of Geography, College of Arts and Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia.; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 14 Issue 7, p486; Subject Term: CATS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TICK-borne diseases; Subject Term: PROTOZOAN diseases; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHIC information systems; Subject Term: PATHOLOGICAL histology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cytauxzoonosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diurnal Temperature Range (DTR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Feline; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical Information Systems (GIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Humidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multivariate logistic; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Agriculture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/vbz.2013.1496
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huynh, H.T.
AU  - Wang, Z.J.
AU  - Vincent, P.E.
T1  - High-order methods for computational fluid dynamics: A brief review of compact differential formulations on unstructured grids.
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2014/07/02/
VL  - 98
M3  - Article
SP  - 209
EP  - 220
SN  - 00457930
AB  - Highlights: [•] Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and Flux Reconstruction (FR) are explained for an integration problem. [•] Flux Reconstruction/Correction Procedure via Reconstruction (FR/CPR) schemes are derived for conservation laws. [•] 2D and 3D extensions of FR/CPR methods are reviewed. [•] Stability proofs for these schemes are sketched. [•] Recent research and some pacing items for this approach are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - DISCONTINUOUS functions
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - INTEGRALS
KW  - CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL proofs
KW  - Conservation laws
KW  - Correction procedure using reconstruction
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin
KW  - Flux Reconstruction
KW  - High-order methods
N1  - Accession Number: 96243248; Huynh, H.T. 1; Email Address: huynh@grc.nasa.gov Wang, Z.J. 2; Email Address: zjw@ku.edu Vincent, P.E. 3; Email Address: p.vincent@imperial.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Aerospace Engineering Department, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA  3: Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, London, UK; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 98, p209; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: DISCONTINUOUS functions; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: INTEGRALS; Subject Term: CONSERVATION laws (Mathematics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL proofs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation laws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correction procedure using reconstruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flux Reconstruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order methods; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.12.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flynn, Clare M.
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Lamsal, Lok
AU  - Krotkov, Nickolay
AU  - Herman, Jay
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Liu, Xiong
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Tsay, Si-Chee
AU  - Loughner, Christopher
AU  - Hains, Jennifer
AU  - Lee, Pius
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
AU  - Stehr, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Brent, Lacey
T1  - Relationship between column-density and surface mixing ratio: Statistical analysis of O3 and NO2 data from the July 2011 Maryland DISCOVER-AQ mission.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/07/15/
VL  - 92
M3  - Article
SP  - 429
EP  - 441
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Abstract: To investigate the ability of column (or partial column) information to represent surface air quality, results of linear regression analyses between surface mixing ratio data and column abundances for O3 and NO2 are presented for the July 2011 Maryland deployment of the DISCOVER-AQ mission. Data collected by the P-3B aircraft, ground-based Pandora spectrometers, Aura/OMI satellite instrument, and simulations for July 2011 from the CMAQ air quality model during this deployment provide a large and varied data set, allowing this problem to be approached from multiple perspectives. O3 columns typically exhibited a statistically significant and high degree of correlation with surface data (R 2 > 0.64) in the P-3B data set, a moderate degree of correlation (0.16 < R 2 < 0.64) in the CMAQ data set, and a low degree of correlation (R 2 < 0.16) in the Pandora and OMI data sets. NO2 columns typically exhibited a low to moderate degree of correlation with surface data in each data set. The results of linear regression analyses for O3 exhibited smaller errors relative to the observations than NO2 regressions. These results suggest that O3 partial column observations from future satellite instruments with sufficient sensitivity to the lower troposphere can be meaningful for surface air quality analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STATISTICS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - EMISSION control
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - Aircraft measurement campaign
KW  - Column–surface relationship
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - Measurement-model comparison
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 96668260; Flynn, Clare M. 1; Email Address: cflynn@atmos.umd.edu Pickering, Kenneth E. 1,2 Crawford, James H. 3 Lamsal, Lok 4 Krotkov, Nickolay 2 Herman, Jay 5 Weinheimer, Andrew 6 Chen, Gao 3 Liu, Xiong 7 Szykman, James 8 Tsay, Si-Chee 2 Loughner, Christopher 9 Hains, Jennifer 10 Lee, Pius 11 Dickerson, Russell R. 1 Stehr, Jeffrey W. 1 Brent, Lacey 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, United States  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, United States  4: GESTAR, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States  5: UMBC, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States  6: NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Division, United States  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, United States  8: EPA, Office of Research and Development, United States  9: ESSIC-NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States  10: Maryland Department of the Environment, United States  11: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, United States; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 92, p429; Subject Term: STATISTICS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: EMISSION control; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft measurement campaign; Author-Supplied Keyword: Column–surface relationship; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement-model comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.04.041
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kotov, Dmitry V.
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Panesi, Marco
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh K.
AU  - Wray, Alan A.
T1  - Computational challenges for simulations related to the NASA electric arc shock tube (EAST) experiments.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2014/07/15/
VL  - 269
M3  - Article
SP  - 215
EP  - 233
SN  - 00219991
AB  - Abstract: The goal of this study is to gain some physical insights and an understanding of the computational challenges for the simulations related to the hypersonic nonequilibrium multi-species and multi-reaction experiments on the NASA Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST). While experimental measurement does not provide any information about the radial structure of this type of flow, accurate and reliable numerical simulations can provide more insight into the physical structure of the flow to aid the design of atmospheric entry spacecrafts. The paper focuses on the spurious numerics which take place in numerical simulations of the subject physics containing stiff source terms and discontinuities. This paper is based on the knowledge gained from Yee et al. on simple reacting test cases (Yee et al. 2013, [9]) as a guide to reveal the computational challenges involved for such an extreme flow type. The results of the 1D and 2D EAST viscous and inviscid simulations using a simplified physical model are presented. The computation reveals, for the first time, that the 2D viscous model which contains both shocks and shears exhibits Tollmien–Schlichting-like instability complex patterns at the boundary layer. In addition to exhibiting spurious numerical behavior of wrong propagation speed of discontinuities by typical shock-capturing methods, there is improved understanding on the cause of numerical difficulties by previous investigators. One example is that the relative distance between the shocks and shear/contact is different from one grid spacing to another for each considered high order shock-capturing scheme. The results presented can provide insight on the numerical instability observed by previous investigations and future algorithm development for this type of extreme flow. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL physics
KW  - ELECTRIC arc
KW  - SHOCK tubes
KW  - HYPERSONICS
KW  - NON-equilibrium reactions
KW  - High order simulations of hypersonic viscous flows
KW  - Hypersonic nonequilibrium electric arc shock tube simulations
KW  - Numerical methods for problems with stiff source terms and discontinuities
KW  - Spurious numerics
KW  - Wrong propagation speed of discontinuities
N1  - Accession Number: 95784004; Kotov, Dmitry V. 1; Email Address: dkotov@stanford.edu Yee, H.C. 2; Email Address: helen.m.yee@nasa.gov Panesi, Marco 3; Email Address: mpanesi@illinois.edu Prabhu, Dinesh K. 2; Email Address: dinesh.k.prabhu@nasa.gov Wray, Alan A. 2; Email Address: alan.a.wray@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3035, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, United States; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 269, p215; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL physics; Subject Term: ELECTRIC arc; Subject Term: SHOCK tubes; Subject Term: HYPERSONICS; Subject Term: NON-equilibrium reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order simulations of hypersonic viscous flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersonic nonequilibrium electric arc shock tube simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical methods for problems with stiff source terms and discontinuities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spurious numerics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wrong propagation speed of discontinuities; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2014.03.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panesi, M.
AU  - Munafö, A.
AU  - Magin, T. E.
AU  - Jaffe, R. L.
T1  - Nonequilibrium shock-heated nitrogen flows using a rovibrational state-to-state method.
JO  - Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics
JF  - Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics
Y1  - 2014/07/15/
VL  - 90
IS  - 1-B
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 15393755
AB  - A rovibrational collisional model is developed to study the internal energy excitation and dissociation processes behind a strong shock wave in a nitrogen flow. The reaction rate coefficients are obtained from the ab initio database of the NASA Ames Research Center. The master equation is coupled with a one-dimensional flow solver to study the nonequilibrium phenomena encountered in the gas during a hyperbolic reentry into Earth's atmosphere. The analysis of the populations of the rovibrational levels demonstrates how rotational and vibrational relaxation proceed at the same rate. This contrasts with the common misconception that translational and rotational relaxation occur concurrently. A significant part of the relaxation process occurs in non-quasi-steady-state conditions. Exchange processes are found to have a significant impact on the relaxation of the gas, while predissociation has a negligible effect. The results obtained by means of the full rovibrational collisional model are used to assess the validity of reduced order models (vibrational collisional and multitemperature) which are based on the same kinetic database. It is found that thermalization and dissociation are drastically overestimated by the reduced order models. The reasons of the failure differ in the two cases. In the vibrational collisional model the overestimation of the dissociation is a consequence of the assumption of equilibrium between the rotational energy and the translational energy. The multitemperature model fails to predict the correct thermochemical relaxation due to the failure of the quasi-steady-state assumption, used to derive the phenomenological rate coefficient for dissociation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM flow
KW  - SHOCK heating
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - COLLISIONS (Physics)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - KINETIC energy
N1  - Accession Number: 97624575; Panesi, M. 1 Munafö, A. 2 Magin, T. E. 2 Jaffe, R. L. 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, 104 S. Wright street, Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA  2: Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, chaussée de Waterloo 72, 1640 Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 90 Issue 1-B, p1; Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM flow; Subject Term: SHOCK heating; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Physics); Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: KINETIC energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.013009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramsay, Gavin
AU  - Hakala, Pasi
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
T1  - Red giant pulsations from the suspected symbiotic star StHA 169 detected in Kepler data.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/07/21/
VL  - 442
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 489
EP  - 494
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present Kepler and Swift observations of StHa 169 which is currently classified as a symbiotic binary. The Kepler light curve shows quasi-periodic behaviour with a mean period of 34 d and an amplitude of a few per cent. Using Swift data, we find a relatively strong UV source at the position of StHa 169 but no X-ray counterpart. Using a simple two-component blackbody fit to model the combined Swift and 2MASS spectral energy distribution and an assessment of the previously published optical spectrum, we find that the source has a hot (∼10 000 K) component and a cooler (∼3700 K) component. The Kepler light is dominated by the cool component and we attribute the variability to pulsations in a red giant star. If we remove this approximate month long modulation from the light curve, we find no evidence for additional variability in the light curve. The hotter source is assigned to a late B or early A main-sequence star. We briefly discuss the implications of these findings and conclude that StHA 169 is a red giant plus main-sequence binary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RED giants
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - SYMBIOTIC stars
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - binaries: symbiotic
KW  - Stars: individual: StHa 169
KW  - ultraviolet: stars
N1  - Accession Number: 96731768; Ramsay, Gavin 1 Hakala, Pasi 2 Howell, Steve B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK  2: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 PIIKKIÖ, Finland  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94095, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 442 Issue 1, p489; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SYMBIOTIC stars; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: symbiotic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stars: individual: StHa 169; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet: stars; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Jarrod C.
AU  - Meador, Mary Ann B.
AU  - McCorkle, Linda
AU  - Mueller, Carl
AU  - Wilmoth, Nathan
T1  - Synthesis and Properties of Step-Growth PolyamideAerogels Cross-linked with Triacid Chlorides.
JO  - Chemistry of Materials
JF  - Chemistry of Materials
Y1  - 2014/07/22/
VL  - 26
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 4163
EP  - 4171
SN  - 08974756
AB  - We report the first synthesis of step-growth aromatic polyamide(PA) aerogels made using amine end-capped polyamide oligomers cross-linkedwith 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl trichloride (BTC). Isophthaloyl chloride(IPC) or terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) were combined with m-phenylenediamine (mPDA) in N-methylpyrrolidinone(NMP) to give amine-capped polyamide oligomers formulated with upto 40 repeat units. Addition of the cross-linker, BTC, typically inducesgelation in under 5 min. Solvent exchange of the resulting gels intoethanol followed by supercritical CO2drying gives colorlessaerogels with densities ranging from 0.06 to 0.33 g/cm3, compressive moduli between 5 and 312 MPa, and surface areas ashigh as 385 m2/g. Dielectric properties were also measuredin the X-band frequency range. It was found that relative dielectricconstant decreased with density as seen with other aerogels with thelowest relative dielectric constant being 1.15 for aerogels with densitiesof 0.06 g/cm3. Because of their superior mechanical properties,these aerogels can be utilized in a number of aerospace related applications,such as insulation for rovers, habitats, deployable structures, andextravehicular activity suits, as well as low dielectric substratesfor antennas and other electronics. Because of potentially lower costrelative to polyimide and other polymer aerogels, they also have potentialfor use in more terrestrial applications as well, such as insulationfor refrigeration, building and construction, and protective clothing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemistry of Materials is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYAMIDES
KW  - AEROGELS
KW  - CHLORIDES
KW  - OLIGOMERS
KW  - SUPERCRITICAL carbon dioxide
N1  - Accession Number: 97188882; Williams, Jarrod C. 1 Meador, Mary Ann B. 1 McCorkle, Linda 1 Mueller, Carl 1 Wilmoth, Nathan 1; Affiliation:  1: †NASA Postdoctoral Program and ‡Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, UnitedStates; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 26 Issue 14, p4163; Subject Term: POLYAMIDES; Subject Term: AEROGELS; Subject Term: CHLORIDES; Subject Term: OLIGOMERS; Subject Term: SUPERCRITICAL carbon dioxide; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liao, Yunlong
AU  - Chen, Zhongfang
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Fay, Catharine C.
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Kim, Jae-Woo
AU  - Lin, Yi
T1  - Chemical Sharpening, Shortening, and Unzipping of Boron Nitride Nanotubes.
JO  - Advanced Functional Materials
JF  - Advanced Functional Materials
Y1  - 2014/07/25/
VL  - 24
IS  - 28
M3  - Article
SP  - 4497
EP  - 4506
SN  - 1616301X
AB  - Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs), the one-dimensional member of the boron nitride nanostructure family, are generally accepted to be highly inert to oxidative treatments and can only be covalently modified by highly reactive species. Conversely, it is discovered that the BNNTs can be chemically dispersed and their morphology modified by a relatively mild method: simply sonicating the nanotubes in aqueous ammonia solution. The dispersed nanotubes are significantly corroded, with end-caps removed, tips sharpened, and walls thinned. The sonication treatment in aqueous ammonia solution also removes amorphous BN impurities and shortened BNNTs, resembling various oxidative treatments of carbon nanotubes. Importantly, the majority of BNNTs are at least partially longitudinally cut, or 'unzipped'. Entangled and freestanding BN nanoribbons (BNNRs), resulting from the unzipping, are found to be ∼5-20 nm in width and up to a few hundred nanometers in length. This is the first chemical method to obtain BNNRs from BNNT unzipping. This method is not derived from known carbon nanotube unzipping strategies, but is unique to BNNTs because the use of aqueous ammonia solutions specifically targets the B-N bond network. This study may pave the way for convenient processing of BNNTs, previously thought to be highly inert, toward controlling their dispersion, purity, lengths, and electronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advanced Functional Materials is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - NITRIDES
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - boron nitride nanoribbons
KW  - boron nitride nanotubes
KW  - chemical functionalization
KW  - nanotubes
KW  - shortening
KW  - unzipping
N1  - Accession Number: 97119714; Liao, Yunlong 1,2 Chen, Zhongfang 2 Connell, John W. 3 Fay, Catharine C. 3 Park, Cheol 3,4 Kim, Jae-Woo 1 Lin, Yi 1,5; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace  2: Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico  3: NASA Langley Research Center  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia  5: Department of Applied Science, The College of William and Mary; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 24 Issue 28, p4497; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: NITRIDES; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: OXIDATIVE stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: boron nitride nanoribbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: boron nitride nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: chemical functionalization; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: shortening; Author-Supplied Keyword: unzipping; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/adfm.201400599
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97119714&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liao, Yunlong
AU  - Chen, Zhongfang
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Fay, Catharine C.
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Kim, Jae-Woo
AU  - Lin, Yi
T1  - Nanotubes: Chemical Sharpening, Shortening, and Unzipping of Boron Nitride Nanotubes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 28/2014).
JO  - Advanced Functional Materials
JF  - Advanced Functional Materials
Y1  - 2014/07/25/
VL  - 24
IS  - 28
M3  - Article
SP  - 4560
EP  - 4560
SN  - 1616301X
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - boron nitride nanoribbons
KW  - boron nitride nanotubes
KW  - chemical functionalization
KW  - nanotubes
KW  - shortening
KW  - unzipping
N1  - Accession Number: 97119735; Liao, Yunlong 1,2 Chen, Zhongfang 2 Connell, John W. 3 Fay, Catharine C. 3 Park, Cheol 3,4 Kim, Jae-Woo 1 Lin, Yi 1,5; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace  2: Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico  3: NASA Langley Research Center  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia  5: Department of Applied Science, The College of William and Mary; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 24 Issue 28, p4560; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: boron nitride nanoribbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: boron nitride nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: chemical functionalization; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: shortening; Author-Supplied Keyword: unzipping; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/adfm.201470187
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmitt, Michael P.
AU  - Rai, Amarendra K.
AU  - Bhattacharya, Rabi
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Wolfe, Douglas E.
T1  - “Multilayer thermal barrier coating (TBC) architectures utilizing rare earth doped YSZ and rare earth pyrochlores”.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2014/07/25/
VL  - 251
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 63
SN  - 02578972
AB  - To allow for increased gas turbine efficiencies, new insulating thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) must be developed to protect the underlying metallic components from higher operating temperatures. This work focused on using rare earth doped (Yb and Gd) yttria stabilized zirconia (t′ low-k) and Gd2Zr2O7 pyrochlores (GZO) combined with novel nanolayered and thick layered microstructures to enable operation beyond the 1200°C stability limit of current 7wt.% yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ) coatings. It was observed that the layered system can reduce the thermal conductivity by ~45% with respect to YSZ after 20h of testing at 1316°C. The erosion rate of GZO is shown to be an order to magnitude higher than YSZ and t′ low-k, but this can be reduced by almost 57% when utilizing a nanolayered structure. Lastly, the thermal instability of the layered system is investigated and thought is given to optimization of layer thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - YTTRIA stabilized zirconium oxide
KW  - RARE earth metal compounds
KW  - PYROCHLORE
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - METALS -- Erosion
KW  - Multilayer
KW  - Pyrochlore
KW  - Rare earth
KW  - TBC
KW  - Thermal barrier coating
N1  - Accession Number: 96241997; Schmitt, Michael P. 1,2 Rai, Amarendra K. 3 Bhattacharya, Rabi 3 Zhu, Dongming 4 Wolfe, Douglas E. 1,2; Email Address: dew125@arl.psu.edu; Affiliation:  1: The Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  3: UES Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, OH 45432, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2014, Vol. 251, p56; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: YTTRIA stabilized zirconium oxide; Subject Term: RARE earth metal compounds; Subject Term: PYROCHLORE; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: METALS -- Erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multilayer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrochlore; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rare earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: TBC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.03.049
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldstein, M. E.
T1  - Effect of free-stream turbulence on boundary layer transition.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2014/07/28/
VL  - 372
IS  - 2020
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 12
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - This paper is concerned with the transition to turbulence in flat plate boundary layers due to moderately high levels of free-stream turbulence. The turbulence is assumed to be generated by an (idealized) grid and matched asymptotic expansions are used to analyse the resulting flow over a finite thickness flat plate located in the downstream region. The characteristic Reynolds number Rλ based on the mesh size λ and free-stream velocity is assumed to be large, and the turbulence intensity ε is assumed to be small. The asymptotic flow structure is discussed for the generic case where the turbulence Reynolds number εRλ and the plate thickness and are held fixed (at O(1) and O(λ), respectively) in the limit as and ε→0. But various limiting cases are considered in order to explain the relevant transition mechanisms. It is argued that there are two types of streak-like structures that can play a role in the transition process: (i) those that appear in the downstream region and are generated by streamwise vorticity in upstream flow and (ii) those that are concentrated near the leading edge and are generated by plate normal vorticity in upstream flow. The former are relatively unaffected by leading edge geometry and are usually referred to as Klebanoff modes while the latter are strongly affected by leading edge geometry and are more streamwise vortex-like in appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC expansions
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - boundary layer streaks
KW  - boundary layer transition
KW  - free-stream turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 96585574; Goldstein, M. E. 1; Email Address: marvin.e.goldstein@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 2100 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, 44135 OH, USA; Source Info: 7/28/2014, Vol. 372 Issue 2020, p12; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC expansions; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Author-Supplied Keyword: boundary layer streaks; Author-Supplied Keyword: boundary layer transition; Author-Supplied Keyword: free-stream turbulence; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 271
L3  - 10.1098/rsta.2013.0354
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elham, Ali
AU  - van Toorent, Michel J. L.
AU  - Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Jaroslaw
T1  - Bilevel Optimization Strategy for Aircraft Wing Design Using Parallel Computing.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 52
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1770
EP  - 1783
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A new bilevel optimization strategy for wing design is developed, in which the optimizations of the wing-planform and wing- airfoil shapes are decoupled from each other. The design of the wing-planform shape and the shape of the airfoils in several spanwise positions are considered as the goal of the optimization. In the new approach, the design problem is decomposed into a series of subproblems based on the design variables. The design variables defining the wing-planform shape are optimized in a top-level optimization, and the design variables defining the shape of airfoils in several spanwise positions are optimized in several sublevel optimizations. To take into account the influence of the airfoil shape in a specific spanwise position on the shape of the airfoils in other spanwise positions, a series of design variables are added to the design vector of the top-level optimization. The top-level optimizer is responsible for the consistency of the optimization. Using this approach, the number of design variables in the top-level optimization is reduced; the airfoils in several spanwise positions are optimized in parallel; and, instead of complex three-dimensional aerodynamic and structural solvers, much simpler and faster two-dimensional airfoil analysis tools can be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROFOILS -- Research
KW  - BILEVEL programming
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 97392224; Elham, Ali 1; Email Address: A.Elham@tudelft.nl van Toorent, Michel J. L. 2; Email Address: vantooren@cec.sc.edu Sobieszczanski-Sobieski, Jaroslaw 3; Email Address: ysobieskiy@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: Delft University of Technology, 2629 HS Delft, Netherlands  2: Ronald E. McNair Center for Aerospace Innovation and Research, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29201  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23601; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 52 Issue 8, p1770; Subject Term: AEROFOILS -- Research; Subject Term: BILEVEL programming; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052696
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horváth, Csaba
AU  - Envia, Edmane
AU  - Podboy, Gary G.
T1  - Limitations of Phased Array Beamforming in Open Rotor Noise Source Imaging.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 52
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1810
EP  - 1817
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article focuses on phased array microphone data acquired on counter-rotating open rotors and discusses an example in which beamforming counter-rotating open rotor results using traditional noise source assumptions are counterintuitive. Topics discussed include the interaction patterns of circumferential spinning modes of rotating coherent noise sources interacting with the phased array and the study's implications on the screening of open rotor sources by airframe aircraft rear parts.
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BEAMFORMING
KW  - NOISE
KW  - PHASED array antennas
KW  - IMAGING systems
N1  - Accession Number: 97392230; Horváth, Csaba 1 Envia, Edmane 1 Podboy, Gary G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 52 Issue 8, p1810; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BEAMFORMING; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: PHASED array antennas; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052952
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97392230&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Ragozzine, Darin
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Agol, Eric
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Batalha, Natalie
AU  - Borucki, William
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
AU  - Gautier, Thomas N.
AU  - Geary, John C.
AU  - Holman, Matthew J.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Li, Jie
AU  - Morehead, Robert C.
AU  - Morris, Robert L.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
AU  - Smith, Jeffrey C.
T1  - ARCHITECTURE OF KEPLER'S MULTI-TRANSITING SYSTEMS. II. NEW INVESTIGATIONS WITH TWICE AS MANY CANDIDATES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/08//8/1/2014
VL  - 790
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report on the orbital architectures of Kepler systems having multiple-planet candidates identified in the analysis of data from the first six quarters of Kepler data and reported by Batalha et al. (2013). These data show 899 transiting planet candidates in 365 multiple-planet systems and provide a powerful means to study the statistical properties of planetary systems. Using a generic mass-radius relationship, we find that only two pairs of planets in these candidate systems (out of 761 pairs total) appear to be on Hill-unstable orbits, indicating ∼96% of the candidate planetary systems are correctly interpreted as true systems. We find that planet pairs show little statistical preference to be near mean-motion resonances. We identify an asymmetry in the distribution of period ratios near first-order resonances (e.g., 2:1, 3:2), with an excess of planet pairs lying wide of resonance and relatively few lying narrow of resonance. Finally, based upon the transit duration ratios of adjacent planets in each system, we find that the interior planet tends to have a smaller transit impact parameter than the exterior planet does. This finding suggests that the mode of the mutual inclinations of planetary orbital planes is in the range 1.°0-2.°2, for the packed systems of small planets probed by these observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - PLANETARY gravitation
KW  - PLANETARY tectonics (Astrogeology)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ORBIT determination
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY theories
N1  - Accession Number: 97085078; Fabrycky, Daniel C. 1,2,3; Email Address: fabrycky@uchicago.edu Lissauer, Jack J. 4 Ragozzine, Darin 5 Rowe, Jason F. 4,6 Steffen, Jason H. 7,8 Agol, Eric 9 Barclay, Thomas 4,10 Batalha, Natalie 4,11 Borucki, William 4 Ciardi, David R. 12 Ford, Eric B. 13,14,15 Gautier, Thomas N. 16 Geary, John C. 5 Holman, Matthew J. 5 Jenkins, Jon M. 4 Li, Jie 4,6 Morehead, Robert C. 13,14,15 Morris, Robert L. 4,6 Shporer, Avi 16,17,18,19 Smith, Jeffrey C. 4,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Current address: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.  3: Hubble Fellow.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: Fermilab Center for Particle Astrophysics, P.O. Box 500, MS 127, Batavia, IL 60510, USA  8: CIERA—Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, P.O. Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  10: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  12: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, 770 South Wilson Avenue, MC 100-2, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  13: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  14: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  15: Astronomy Department, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Sciences Center, Gainesville, FL 32111, USA  16: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  17: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA  18: Department of Physics, Broida Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  19: Sagan Fellow.; Source Info: 8/1/2014, Vol. 790 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: PLANETARY gravitation; Subject Term: PLANETARY tectonics (Astrogeology); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ORBIT determination; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY theories; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/790/2/146
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97085078&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Brian J.
AU  - Borkowski, Kazimierz J.
AU  - Reynolds, Stephen P.
AU  - Ghavamian, Parviz
AU  - Raymond, John C.
AU  - Long, Knox S.
AU  - Blair, William P.
AU  - Sankrit, Ravi
AU  - Winkler, P. Frank
AU  - Hendrick, Sean P.
T1  - SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF THE TYPE IA SUPERNOVA REMNANT N103B: KEPLER'S OLDER COUSIN?
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/08//8/1/2014
VL  - 790
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report results from Spitzer observations of SNR 0509-68.7, also known as N103B, a young Type Ia supernova remnant (SNR) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) that shows interaction with a dense medium in its western hemisphere. Our images show that N103B has strong IR emission from warm dust in the post-shock environment. The post-shock gas density we derive, 45 cm–3, is much higher than in other Type Ia remnants in the LMC, though a lack of spatial resolution may bias measurements toward regions of higher than average density. This density is similar to that in Kepler's SNR, a Type Ia interacting with a circumstellar medium (CSM). Optical images show Hα emission along the entire periphery of the western portion of the shock, with [O III] and [S II] lines emitted from a few dense clumps of material where the shock has become radiative. The dust is silicate in nature, though standard silicate dust models fail to reproduce the “18 μm” silicate feature that peaks instead at 17.3 μm. We propose that the dense material is circumstellar material lost from the progenitor system, as with Kepler. If the CSM interpretation is correct, this remnant would become the second member, along with Kepler, of a class of Type Ia remnants characterized by interaction with a dense CSM hundreds of years post-explosion. A lack of N enhancement eliminates symbiotic asymptotic giant branch progenitors. The white dwarf companion must have been relatively unevolved at the time of the explosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - SUPERNOVAE -- Spectra
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - RADIATION sources
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - KEPLER'S equation
N1  - Accession Number: 97085137; Williams, Brian J. 1,2; Email Address: brian.j.williams@nasa.gov Borkowski, Kazimierz J. 3 Reynolds, Stephen P. 3 Ghavamian, Parviz 4 Raymond, John C. 5 Long, Knox S. 6 Blair, William P. 7 Sankrit, Ravi 8 Winkler, P. Frank 9 Hendrick, Sean P. 10; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  3: Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-8202, USA  4: Department of Physics, Chemistry, and Geosciences, Towson University, Towson, MD 21252, USA  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: STScI, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218-2686, USA  8: SOFIA Science Center, NASA AMES Research Center, M/S N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Department of Physics, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA  10: Physics Department, Millersville University, P.O. Box 1002, Millersville, PA 17551, USA; Source Info: 8/1/2014, Vol. 790 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE -- Spectra; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: RADIATION sources; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: KEPLER'S equation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/790/2/139
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao
AU  - Jacobs, Gary
AU  - Ma, Wenping
AU  - Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S.
AU  - Yen, Chia H.
AU  - Davis, Burtron H.
T1  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Effect of catalyst particle (sieve) size range on activity, selectivity, and aging of a Pt promoted Co/Al2O3 catalyst.
JO  - Chemical Engineering Journal
JF  - Chemical Engineering Journal
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 249
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 284
SN  - 13858947
AB  - Highlights: [•] With increasing catalyst particle (sieve) size, CO conversion decreases. [•] Smallest particle size (20–63μm) range catalyst behaves differ than others. [•] Interior of the particle filled with solvent increases with increasing the sieve size. [•] Smallest particle size explained by the particles tend to form larger clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Engineering Journal is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FISCHER-Tropsch process
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - SOLVENTS
KW  - Activity
KW  - Cobalt catalysts
KW  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
KW  - Selectivity
KW  - Sieve size
N1  - Accession Number: 96028600; Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao 1 Jacobs, Gary 1 Ma, Wenping 1 Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S. 2 Yen, Chia H. 2 Davis, Burtron H. 1; Email Address: burtron.davis@uky.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, KY 40511, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brook Park Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 249, p279; Subject Term: FISCHER-Tropsch process; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: SOLVENTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cobalt catalysts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fischer–Tropsch synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Selectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sieve size; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.100
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bakermans, Corien
AU  - Skidmore, Mark L.
AU  - Douglas, Susanne
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Molecular characterization of bacteria from permafrost of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 89
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 331
EP  - 346
SN  - 01686496
AB  - While bacterial communities from McMurdo Dry Valley soils have been studied using molecular techniques, data from permafrost are particularly scarce given the logistical difficulties of sampling. This study examined the molecular diversity and culturability of bacteria in permafrost from the Taylor Valley (TV), Antarctica. A 16S rRNA gene clone library was constructed to assess bacterial diversity, while a clone library of the RNA polymerase beta subunit ( rpoB) gene was constructed to examine amino acid composition of an essential protein-coding gene. The 16S rRNA gene clone library was dominated by Acidobacteria from Gp6 and Gemmatimonadetes. The rpoB gene clone library (created with primers designed in this study) was also dominated by Acidobacteria. The ability of sequence analyses to garner additional information about organisms represented by TV sequences was explored. Specifically, optimum growth temperature was estimated from the stem GC content of the 16S rRNA gene, while potential cold adaptations within translated rpoB sequences were assessed. These analyses were benchmarked using known psychrophiles and mesophiles. Bioinformatic analyses suggested that many TV sequences could represent organisms capable of activity at low temperatures. Plate counts confirmed that c. 103 cells per gram permafrost remained viable and were culturable, while laboratory respiration assays demonstrated that microbial activity occurred at −5 °C and peaked at 15 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERMAFROST
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - RIBOSOMAL RNA
KW  - MOLECULAR cloning
KW  - TAYLOR Valley (Antarctica)
KW  - MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
KW  - 16S rRNA gene
KW  - cold adaptation
KW  - psychrophiles
KW  - rpoB
N1  - Accession Number: 97319254; Bakermans, Corien 1 Skidmore, Mark L. 2 Douglas, Susanne 3 McKay, Christopher P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Altoona College, Pennsylvania State University  2: Montana State University  3: Planetary Science Institute  4: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 89 Issue 2, p331; Subject Term: PERMAFROST; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: RIBOSOMAL RNA; Subject Term: MOLECULAR cloning; Subject Term: TAYLOR Valley (Antarctica); Subject Term: MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Author-Supplied Keyword: 16S rRNA gene; Author-Supplied Keyword: cold adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: psychrophiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: rpoB; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1574-6941.12310
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia
AU  - Vickerman, Mary B.
AU  - Paul, Anna-Lisa
AU  - Ferl, Robert J.
T1  - Mapping by VESGEN of Leaf Venation Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana with Bioinformatic Dimensions of Gene Expression.
JO  - Gravitational & Space Biology
JF  - Gravitational & Space Biology
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 81
SN  - 1089988X
AB  - The leaf venation of angiosperms is key to their terrestirial dominance. These higher land plants include maple, corn, and ISS model organism Arabidopsis thaliana. The venation-dependent photosynthetic capacity of angiosperm leaves is largely responsible for terrestrial production of glucose and atmospheric oxygen, and may be fundamentally important to long-term space colonization. Leaf studies in orbit, where human-tended experiments are limited, can be enhanced by quantifying complex venation patterning. VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN), a beta-level NASA software that analyzes vertebrate and human vascular branching for biomedical applications, is therefore being modified to map the branching venation patterns of dicot angiosperm leaves. By physiological branching rules, VESGEN decomposes a continuously connected vascular tree into its structural (dendritic) branching and reticulate (networked) capillary components. For an arabidopsis juvenile leaf flown on NASA Space Shuttle Mission (STS)-130, the venation patterning of larger structural vessel orders 1°-2° remained relatively constant compared to normal gravity (by vessel number density Nv, 1.24E-5/micron², and 1.29E- 5/micron², respectively). However, as a measure of increased venation maturity, Nv of smaller reticulate orders ≥ 3° increased considerably from 7.7E-6/micron² in ground control to 1.74E- 5/micron² in the STS-130 leaf. Vascular geometric complexity is another feature of plant development that is governed in part by changes in gene expression patterns responding to environmental influence. We therefore propose that the mapping of leaf venation patterns by VESGEN can provide additional insight into plant responses to the spaceflight environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Gravitational & Space Biology is the property of American Society for Gravitational & Space Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAVES -- Anatomy
KW  - BIOINFORMATICS
KW  - GENE expression in plants
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - ANGIOSPERMS
KW  - ARABIDOPSIS thaliana
KW  - Adult Leaf
KW  - Angiosperm
KW  - ARF
KW  - Auxin
KW  - Dendritic
KW  - Dicot
KW  - Dicotyledon
KW  - ISS
KW  - Juvenile Leaf
KW  - Reticular
KW  - Reticulate
KW  - Vascular Connectivity
KW  - Vascular Lattice
KW  - Vascular Network
KW  - VESsel GENeration Analysis
KW  - VESsel Geration Analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 98392159; Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia 1; Email Address: Patricia.A.Parsons-Wingerter@nasa.gov Vickerman, Mary B. 2 Paul, Anna-Lisa 3 Ferl, Robert J. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000  2: John H Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Cleveland, OH 44135  3: Department of Horticultural Sciences, Program in Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611  4: Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p68; Subject Term: LEAVES -- Anatomy; Subject Term: BIOINFORMATICS; Subject Term: GENE expression in plants; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: ANGIOSPERMS; Subject Term: ARABIDOPSIS thaliana; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adult Leaf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Angiosperm; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Auxin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dendritic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dicot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dicotyledon; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Juvenile Leaf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reticular; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reticulate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vascular Connectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vascular Lattice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vascular Network; Author-Supplied Keyword: VESsel GENeration Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: VESsel Geration Analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zimmerman, M. I.
AU  - Farrell, W. M.
AU  - Poppe, A. R.
T1  - Grid-free 2D plasma simulations of the complex interaction between the solar wind and small, near-Earth asteroids.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 238
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 85
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We present results from a new grid-free 2D plasma simulation code applied to a small, unmagnetized body immersed in the streaming solar wind plasma. The body was purposely modeled as an irregular shape in order to examine photoemission and solar wind plasma flow in high detail on the dayside, nightside, terminator and surface-depressed 'pocket' regions. Our objective is to examine the overall morphology of the various plasma interaction regions that form around a small body like a small near-Earth asteroid (NEA). We find that the object obstructs the solar wind flow and creates a trailing wake region downstream, which involves the interplay between surface charging and ambipolar plasma expansion. Photoemission is modeled as a steady outflow of electrons from illuminated portions of the surface, and under direct illumination the surface forms a non-monotonic or "double-sheath" electric potential upstream of the body, which is important for understanding trajectories and equilibria of lofted dust grains in the presence of a complex asteroid geometry. The largest electric fields are found at the terminators, where ambipolar plasma expansion in the body-sized nightside wake merges seamlessly with the thin photoelectric sheath on the dayside. The pocket regions are found to be especially complex, with nearby sunlit regions of positive potential electrically connected to unlit negative potentials and forming adjacent natural electric dipoles. For objects near the surface, we find electrical dissipation times (through collection of local environmental solar wind currents) that vary over at least 5 orders of magnitude: from 39 μs inside the near-surface photoelectron cloud under direct sunlight to »1 s inside the particle-depleted nightside wake and shadowed pocket regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA simulation
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - NEAR-earth asteroids
KW  - PHOTOEMISSION
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - ELECTRIC dipole moments
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 97183503; Zimmerman, M. I. 1,2; Email Address: Michael.Zimmerman@jhuapl.edu Farrell, W. M. 2,3 Poppe, A. R. 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  2: NASA Lunar Science Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94089, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 238, p77; Subject Term: PLASMA simulation; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: NEAR-earth asteroids; Subject Term: PHOTOEMISSION; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: ELECTRIC dipole moments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.02.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Jungsik
AU  - Rim, Taiuk
AU  - Lee, Junyoung
AU  - Baek, Chang-Ki
AU  - Meyyappan, Meyya
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Threshold Voltage Variations Due to Oblique Single Grain Boundary in Sub-50-nm Polysilicon Channel.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 61
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2705
EP  - 2710
SN  - 00189383
AB  - We investigate the effect of single grain boundary (SGB) with arbitrary angles on the threshold voltage ( \(V_{\rm {th}}\) ) variation in sub-50-nm polysilicon (poly-Si) channel devices using 3-D simulation. An SGB in the poly-Si channel causes changes in potential barrier profile resulting in the variation of \(V_{\rm {th}}\) . As the planar devices scale down to 20-nm, oblique SGB can significantly increase the whole potential barrier profile and cause large \(V_{\rm {th}}\) variation. However, due to superior gate controllability, the gate-all-around devices show relatively small increase of the conduction energy band, and thus mitigate the \(V_{\rm {th}}\) variation even in 20-nm poly-Si channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THRESHOLD voltage
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - SILICON
KW  - POTENTIAL barrier
KW  - LOGIC circuits
KW  - Electric potential
KW  - Grain boundaries
KW  - Grain boundary (GB)
KW  - Logic gates
KW  - Nanoscale devices
KW  - poly-silicon (poly-Si) channel
KW  - Silicon
KW  - threshold voltage variation
KW  - Transistors
N1  - Accession Number: 97237457; Kim, Jungsik 1 Rim, Taiuk 2 Lee, Junyoung 3 Baek, Chang-Ki 2 Meyyappan, Meyya 4 Lee, Jeong-Soo 3; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea  2: Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea  4: , National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 61 Issue 8, p2705; Subject Term: THRESHOLD voltage; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: POTENTIAL barrier; Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundaries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundary (GB); Author-Supplied Keyword: Logic gates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoscale devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: poly-silicon (poly-Si) channel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: threshold voltage variation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transistors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2014.2329848
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verkhoglyadova, O.P.
AU  - Tsurutani, B.T.
AU  - Mannucci, A.J.
AU  - Mlynczak, M.G.
AU  - Hunt, L.A.
AU  - Paxton, L.J.
T1  - Ionospheric TEC, thermospheric cooling and Σ[O/N2] compositional changes during the 6–17 March 2012 magnetic storm interval (CAWSES II).
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 115-116
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 51
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Abstract: A series of four geomagnetic storms (the minimum SYM-H~−148nT) occurred during the March 6–17, 2012 in the ascending phase of the solar cycle 24. This interval was selected by CAWSES II for its campaign. The GPS total electron content (TEC) database and JPL's Global Ionospheric Maps (GIM) were used to study vertical TEC (VTEC) for different local times and latitude ranges. The largest response to geomagnetic activity is shown in increases of the low-latitude dayside VTEC. Several GPS sites feature post-afternoon VTEC “bite-outs”. During Sudden Impulse (SI+) event on March 8th a peak daytime VTEC restores to about quiet-time values. It is shown that the TIMED/SABER zonal flux of nitric oxide (NO) infrared cooling radiation correlates well with auroral heating. A factor of ~5 cooling increase is noted in some storms. The cooling radiation intensifies in the auroral zone and spreads towards the equator. Effects of the storm appear at lower latitudes ~18.6h later. The column density ratio Σ[O/N2] is analyzed based on TIMED/GUVI measurements. Both increases (at low latitudes) and decreases (from auroral to middle latitudes) in the ratio occurs during the geomagnetic storms. We suggest that the column density ratio could be enhanced at low to middle latitudes on the dayside partially due to the superfountain effect (atomic oxygen uplift due to ion-neutral drag). It is suggested that decreases in the Σ[O/N2] ratio at high to middle-latitudes may be caused by high thermospheric temperatures. During SI+s, there is an increase in Σ[O/N2] ratio at auroral latitudes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Ionospheres
KW  - THERMOSPHERE
KW  - COOLING
KW  - MAGNETIC storms
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - Geomagnetic storms
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Thermosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 96349327; Verkhoglyadova, O.P. 1,2; Email Address: Olga.Verkhoglyadova@jpl.nasa.gov Tsurutani, B.T. 1 Mannucci, A.J. 1 Mlynczak, M.G. 3 Hunt, L.A. 4 Paxton, L.J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States  2: Center for Space and Aeronomy Research, UAH, Huntsville, AL, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  4: Sciences Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, United States  5: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 115-116, p41; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Ionospheres; Subject Term: THERMOSPHERE; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: MAGNETIC storms; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geomagnetic storms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermosphere; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2013.11.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - di Lauro, Carlo
AU  - Lattanzi, Franca
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Keeyoon Sung
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - The ν4, ν9, ν10 and ν6 + ν11 bands of 12CH313CH3 between 1345 and 1557 cm-1.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 302
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 49
SN  - 00222852
AB  - The infrared spectrum of 12CH313CH3 is measured between 1345 and 1560 cm-1 using high resolution FT-IR with a 13C-enriched gas sample cooled to 130.3 K. The three fundamentals ν4, ν9 and ν10 (at 1374, 1470 and 1468 cm-1 respectively) and one combination band ν6 + ν11 at 1473 cm-1 are analyzed for the first time. The transitions of ν10 (an infrared inactive "g" mode of the ethane) are observed through its resonant coupling with ν9 (corresponding to a "u" mode of normal ethane). Transitions of ν6 + ν11 are seen due to its strong coupling to ν9. In general, torsional splitting produces two components (as in normal ethane), but in both ν9 and ν10, there is an additional small splitting of these components with degenerate torsional symmetry wherever the interacting ν10 levels become infrared active (from "g ↔ u" mixing); this mechanism is investigated. Several ł-type resonances with Δł = ±2 and Δk = 1 are observed within ν9 and between ν9 and ν10 while the strong interaction between ν9 and ν6 + ν11 plays a role in tuning pairs of levels into resonance. As in normal ethane, a detectable K-doubling occurs in the levels k = ±2, ł = 1 of ν9, and the parallel band ν4 shows an intensity bias, with the R-transitions markedly stronger than the P-transitions, due to its x,y-Coriolis coupling with ν9. The spectrum is analyzed by adopting an appropriate Hamiltonian model, and vibration-rotation-torsion parameters of the four mentioned vibrational states are determined by the least squares process using 1350 observed transition line positions (RMS deviation 3.24 × 10-3 cm-1). The values of rotational and torsional parameters of the vibrational ground state are also improved or determined anew, from data of the present spectrum. Two supplemental files are provided. One shows the fit of line positions, and the other gives the measured positions and intensities at 130 K (with known quantum assignments and lower state energies) so that lines of this molecule can be identified in planetary spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - ENERGY bands
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - TORSIONAL vibration
KW  - 12CH313CH3
KW  - Cold temperature
KW  - Coriolis coupling
KW  - Intensities
KW  - K-doubling
KW  - Line positions
KW  - Torsional splitting
N1  - Accession Number: 97386776; di Lauro, Carlo 1 Lattanzi, Franca 1 Brown, Linda R. 2; Email Address: linda.r.brown@jpl.nasa.gov Keeyoon Sung 2 Mantz, Arlan W. 3 Smith, Mary Ann H. 4; Affiliation:  1: Università di Napoli Federico II, 49 via D. Montesano, I-80131 Naples, Italy  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA  4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 302, p36; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: ENERGY bands; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: TORSIONAL vibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: 12CH313CH3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coriolis coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intensities; Author-Supplied Keyword: K-doubling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line positions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Torsional splitting; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2014.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blair, Leigh
AU  - Albers, Jim
AU  - Gural, Peter S.
AU  - Grigsby, Bryant
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Friedrich, Jon M.
AU  - Eppich, Gary R.
AU  - Ziegler, Karen
AU  - Rowland, Douglas J.
AU  - Matson, Robert
AU  - Johnston, Malcolm
AU  - Silber, Elizabeth
AU  - Brown, Peter
AU  - Clark, David L.
AU  - Laubenstein, Matthias
AU  - Welten, Kees C.
AU  - Nishiizumi, Kunihiko
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Girten, Beverly
AU  - Worden, Peter S.
T1  - Fall, recovery, and characterization of the Novato L6 chondrite breccia.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 49
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1388
EP  - 1425
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The Novato L6 chondrite fragmental breccia fell in California on 17 October 2012, and was recovered after the Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance ( CAMS) project determined the meteor's trajectory between 95 and 46 km altitude. The final fragmentation from 42 to 22 km altitude was exceptionally well documented by digital photographs. The first sample was recovered before rain hit the area. First results from a consortium study of the meteorite's characterization, cosmogenic and radiogenic nuclides, origin, and conditions of the fall are presented. Some meteorites did not retain fusion crust and show evidence of spallation. Before entry, the meteoroid was 35 ± 5 cm in diameter (mass 80 ± 35 kg) with a cosmic-ray exposure age of 9 ± 1 Ma, if it had a one-stage exposure history. A two-stage exposure history is more likely, with lower shielding in the last few Ma. Thermoluminescence data suggest a collision event within the last ∼0.1 Ma. Novato probably belonged to the class of shocked L chondrites that have a common shock age of 470 Ma, based on the U,Th-He age of 420 ± 220 Ma. The measured orbits of Novato, Jesenice, and Innisfree are consistent with a proposed origin of these shocked L chondrites in the Gefion asteroid family, perhaps directly via the 5:2 mean-motion resonance with Jupiter. Novato experienced a stronger compaction than did other L6 chondrites of shock-stage S4. Despite this, a freshly broken surface shows a wide range of organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BRECCIA
KW  - ALL sky cameras
KW  - SPALLATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 97564323; Blair, Leigh 1 Albers, Jim 1 Gural, Peter S. 1 Grigsby, Bryant 1 Jenniskens, Peter 1,2 Friedrich, Jon M. 3,4 Eppich, Gary R. 5 Ziegler, Karen 6 Rowland, Douglas J. 7 Matson, Robert 8 Johnston, Malcolm 9 Silber, Elizabeth 10 Brown, Peter 10 Clark, David L. 10 Laubenstein, Matthias 11 Welten, Kees C. 12 Nishiizumi, Kunihiko 12 Sandford, Scott A. 2 Girten, Beverly 2 Worden, Peter S. 2; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center  2: NASA Ames Research Center  3: Department of Chemistry, Fordham University  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, American Museum of Natural History  5: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Glenn Seaborg Institute  6: Institute of Meteoritics, University of New Mexico  7: Center for Molecular and Genomic Imaging, University of California at Davis  8: S.A.I.C.  9: US Geological Survey  10: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Western Ontario  11: Lab. Naz. del Gran Sasso, Inst. Naz. di Fiscia Nucleare  12: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 49 Issue 8, p1388; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BRECCIA; Subject Term: ALL sky cameras; Subject Term: SPALLATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12323
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yin, Qing-Zhu
AU  - Zhou, Qin
AU  - Li, Qiu-Li
AU  - Li, Xian-Hua
AU  - Liu, Yu
AU  - Tang, Guo-Qiang
AU  - Krot, Alexander N.
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - Records of the Moon-forming impact and the 470 Ma disruption of the L chondrite parent body in the asteroid belt from U-Pb apatite ages of Novato (L6).
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 49
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1426
EP  - 1439
SN  - 10869379
AB  - Novato, a newly observed fall in the San Francisco Bay area, is a shocked and brecciated L6 ordinary chondrite containing dark and light lithologies. We have investigated the U-Pb isotope systematics of coarse Cl-apatite grains of metamorphic origin in Novato with a large geometry ion microprobe. The U-Pb systematics of Novato apatite reveals an upper intercept age of 4472 ± 31 Ma and lower intercept age of 473 ± 38 Ma. The upper intercept age is within error identical to the U-Pb apatite age of 4452 ± 21 Ma measured in the Chelyabinsk LL5 chondrite. This age is interpreted to reflect a massive collisional resetting event due to a large impact associated with the peak arrival time at the primordial asteroid belt of ejecta debris from the Moon-forming giant impact on Earth. The lower intercept age is consistent with the most precisely dated Ar-Ar ages of 470 ± 6 Ma of shocked L chondrites, and the fossil meteorites and extraterrestrial chromite relicts found in Ordovician limestones with an age of 467.3 ± 1.6 Ma in Sweden and China. The lower intercept age reflects a major disturbance related to the catastrophic disruption of the L chondrite parent body most likely associated with the Gefion asteroid family, which produced an initially intense meteorite bombardment of the Earth in Ordovician period and reset and degassed at least approximately 35% of the L chondrite falls today. We predict that the 470 Ma impact event is likely to be found on the Moon and Mars, if not Mercury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - IMPACT (Mechanics)
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - ASTEROID belt
KW  - SAN Francisco Bay Area (Calif.)
N1  - Accession Number: 97564318; Yin, Qing-Zhu 1 Zhou, Qin 2 Li, Qiu-Li 3 Li, Xian-Hua 3 Liu, Yu 3 Tang, Guo-Qiang 3 Krot, Alexander N. 4 Jenniskens, Peter 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Davis  2: Key Laboratory of Lunar and Deep Space Exploration, National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences  3: State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  4: Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawai'i at Manoa  5: SETI Institute  6: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 49 Issue 8, p1426; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: IMPACT (Mechanics); Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: ASTEROID belt; Subject Term: SAN Francisco Bay Area (Calif.); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12340
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moriarty, John A.
AU  - Haskins, Justin B.
T1  - Efficient wide-range calculation of free energies in solids and liquids using reversible-scaling molecular dynamics.
JO  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
JF  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 90
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 054113-1
EP  - 054113-19
SN  - 10980121
AB  - We elaborate a novel and efficient method to obtain multiphase Helmholtz free energies from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations over wide ranges of volume and temperature in materials that can be described by temperature-independent ion forces, with both higher accuracy and order-of-magnitude cost savings compared to direct thermodynamic-integration techniques. Our method leverages and significantly extends the technique of reversible-scaling molecular dynamics (RSMD) proposed by de Koning et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3973 (1999)], which allows a free-energy difference in a given phase at constant volume to be calculated as a function of temperature from a single MD simulation. In mechanically stable solid phases, our approach carefully combines quasiharmonic lattice dynamics at low temperatures with an accurate and fully isolated RSMD simulation of the anharmonic vibrational free energy at high temperatures to produce a seamless free energy from zero temperature to above melt along constant-volume isochores. In the liquid, we combine a unique calculation of the free energy along a high-temperature reference isotherm with isochoric RSMD simulations from that temperature to below melt. In metastable solid phases that are mechanically unstable at low temperature, we use two-phase MD melt simulations together with the liquid free energy to obtain the solid free energy along the solidus melt line and then perform isochoric RSMD simulations to temperatures above and below that point. While our free-energy method is general, we have specifically adapted it here to the case of metals in which the ion forces are well described by model generalized pseudopotential theory (MGPT) multi-ion interatomic potentials, and additive electron-thermal free-energy contributions can be included. Then using refined Ta6.8x MGPT potentials, we have converged total free energies and their components to very high and unprecedented sub-milli-Rydberg (mRy) numerical accuracy in the stable-bcc, liquid, and metastable-fcc phases of tantalum for volumes ranging from up to 26% expansion to nearly twofold compression and for temperatures to 25 000 K. In turn, we have successfully used the free energies so obtained to calculate physically accurate thermodynamic properties and gain new insight into their behavior, including sensitive thermodynamic derivatives, bcc and fee melt curves, and a multiphase equation of state for tantalum (Ta) over the same temperature range and for pressures as high as 600 GPa. We show that the anharmonic free-energy component in the bcc solid, although only 1-5 mRy in magnitude for Ta, can have a significant (15%-20%) effect on thermal expansivity, the Griineisen parameter, and melt temperatures. We further show that the electron-thermal free-energy component can similarly impact the specific heat and thermal expansivity in both the solid and the liquid, while only minimally affecting (to⩽ 3%) the bcc and fee melt curves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELMHOLTZ free energy
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - LATTICE dynamics
KW  - HIGH temperature chemistry
KW  - ISOTHERMAL processes
KW  - PSEUDOPOTENTIAL method
KW  - THERMAL expansion
N1  - Accession Number: 98841639; Moriarty, John A. 1 Haskins, Justin B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Condensed Matter and Materials Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA  2: NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 90 Issue 5, p054113-1; Subject Term: HELMHOLTZ free energy; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: LATTICE dynamics; Subject Term: HIGH temperature chemistry; Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL processes; Subject Term: PSEUDOPOTENTIAL method; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevB.90.054113
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andreev-Andrievskiy, Alexander
AU  - Popova, Anfisa
AU  - Boyle, Richard
AU  - Alberts, Jeffrey
AU  - Shenkman, Boris
AU  - Vinogradova, Olga
AU  - Dolgov, Oleg
AU  - Anokhin, Konstantin
AU  - Tsvirkun, Darya
AU  - Soldatov, Pavel
AU  - Nemirovskaya, Tatyana
AU  - Ilyin, Eugeniy
AU  - Sychev, Vladimir
T1  - Mice in Bion-M 1 Space Mission: Training and Selection.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - After a 16-year hiatus, Russia has resumed its program of biomedical research in space, with the successful 30-day flight of the Bion-M 1 biosatellite (April 19–May 19, 2013). The principal species for biomedical research in this project was the mouse. This paper presents an overview of the scientific goals, the experimental design and the mouse training/selection program. The aim of mice experiments in the Bion-M 1 project was to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms, underlying the adaptation of key physiological systems to long-term exposure in microgravity. The studies with mice combined in vivo measurements, both in flight and post-flight (including continuous blood pressure measurement), with extensive in vitro studies carried out shortly after return of the mice and in the end of recovery study. Male C57/BL6 mice group housed in space habitats were flown aboard the Bion-M 1 biosatellite, or remained on ground in the control experiment that replicated environmental and housing conditions in the spacecraft. Vivarium control groups were used to account for housing effects and possible seasonal differences. Mice training included the co-adaptation in housing groups and mice adaptation to paste food diet. The measures taken to co-adapt aggressive male mice in housing groups and the peculiarities of “space” paste food are described. The training program for mice designated for in vivo studies was broader and included behavioral/functional test battery and continuous behavioral measurements in the home-cage. The results of the preliminary tests were used for the selection of homogenous groups. After the flight, mice were in good condition for biomedical studies and displayed signs of pronounced disadaptation to Earth's gravity. The outcomes of the training program for the mice welfare are discussed. We conclude that our training program was effective and that male mice can be successfully employed in space biomedical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANIMAL welfare
KW  - MEDICAL research
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - ANIMAL life cycles
KW  - ANIMAL behavior
KW  - Agriculture
KW  - Animal behavior
KW  - Animal management
KW  - Animal models
KW  - Animal studies
KW  - Animal welfare
KW  - Astronomical sciences
KW  - Bioethics
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Life support (space travel)
KW  - Medicine and health sciences
KW  - Model organisms
KW  - Mouse models
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Space missions
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - Veterinary science
KW  - Zoology
N1  - Accession Number: 97802049; Andreev-Andrievskiy, Alexander 1,2; Email Address: aandrievsky@gmail.com Popova, Anfisa 1,2 Boyle, Richard 3 Alberts, Jeffrey 4 Shenkman, Boris 1 Vinogradova, Olga 1 Dolgov, Oleg 5 Anokhin, Konstantin 5,6 Tsvirkun, Darya 1 Soldatov, Pavel 1 Nemirovskaya, Tatyana 1 Ilyin, Eugeniy 1 Sychev, Vladimir 1; Affiliation:  1: 1 Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia  2: 2 Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Moscow, Russia  3: 3 Bio-Visualization, Imaging and Simulation Technology Center (BioVIS), NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  4: 4 Indiana University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America  5: 5 Anokhin Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia  6: 6 Kurchatov NBIC-center, National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 9 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: ANIMAL welfare; Subject Term: MEDICAL research; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; Subject Term: ANIMAL life cycles; Subject Term: ANIMAL behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Agriculture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal welfare; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronomical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioethics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Life support (space travel); Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mouse models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Veterinary science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zoology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0104830
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Gong
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - White, Michael A.
AU  - Milesi, Cristina
AU  - Hashimoto, Hirofumi
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Saatchi, Sassan
AU  - Yu, Yifan
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Estimation of forest aboveground biomass in California using canopy height and leaf area index estimated from satellite data.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 151
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 56
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Accurate characterization of variability and trends in forest biomass at local to national scales is required for accounting of global carbon sources and sinks and monitoring their dynamics. Here we present a new remote sensing based approach for estimating live forest aboveground biomass (AGB) based on a simple parametric model that combines high-resolution estimates of leaf area index (LAI) from the Landsat Thematic Mapper sensor and canopy maximum height from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) sensor onboard ICESat, the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite. We tested our approach with a preliminary uncertainty assessment over the forested areas of California spanning a broad range of climatic and land-use conditions and find our AGB estimates to be comparable to estimates of AGB from inventory records and other available satellite-estimated AGB maps at aggregated scales. Our study offers a high-resolution approach to map forest aboveground biomass at regional-to-continental scales and assess sources of uncertainties in the estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Aboveground biomass
KW  - Canopy height
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Leaf area index
KW  - Uncertainty assessment
N1  - Accession Number: 97841459; Zhang, Gong 1; Email Address: zhanggong07@gmail.com Ganguly, Sangram 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2 White, Michael A. 3 Milesi, Cristina 4 Hashimoto, Hirofumi 4 Wang, Weile 4 Saatchi, Sassan 5 Yu, Yifan 6 Myneni, Ranga B. 7; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI)/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Nature Publishing Group, San Francisco, CA, USA  4: Department of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University at Monterey Bay/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Department of Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  7: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, MA 02215, USA; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 151, p44; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aboveground biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy height; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf area index; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty assessment; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.01.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackey, Jon
AU  - Dynys, Frederick
AU  - Sehirlioglu, Alp
T1  - Uncertainty analysis for common Seebeck and electrical resistivity measurement systems.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2014/08//
VL  - 85
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - This work establishes the level of uncertainty for electrical measurements commonly made on thermoelectric samples. The analysis targets measurement systems based on the four probe method. Sources of uncertainty for both electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient were identified and evaluated. Included are reasonable estimates on the magnitude of each source, and cumulative propagation of error. Uncertainty for the Seebeck coefficient includes the cold-finger effect which has been quantified with thermal finite element analysis. The cold-finger effect, which is a result of parasitic heat transfer down the thermocouple probes, leads to an asymmetric over-estimation of the Seebeck coefficient. A silicon germanium thermoelectric sample has been characterized to provide an understanding of the total measurement uncertainty. The electrical resistivity was determined to contain uncertainty of ±7.0% across any measurement temperature. The Seebeck coefficient of the system is +1.0%/-13.1% at high temperature and ±1.0% near room temperature. The power factor has a combined uncertainty of +7.3%/-27.0% at high temperature and ±7.5% near room temperature. These ranges are calculated to be typical values for a general four probe Seebeck and resistivity measurement configuration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOELECTRIC materials -- Research
KW  - ELECTRICAL resistivity
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - TEMPERATURE
N1  - Accession Number: 98321666; Mackey, Jon 1; Email Address: jam151@zips.uakron.edu Dynys, Frederick 2 Sehirlioglu, Alp 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 85 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRIC materials -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL resistivity; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4893652
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephens, David B.
AU  - Vold, Håvard
T1  - Order tracking signal processing for open rotor acoustics.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2014/08/04/
VL  - 333
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 3818
EP  - 3830
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Abstract: Counter-rotating open rotor acoustic measurements were processed using a two-shaft Vold–Kalman order tracking filter, providing new insight into the complicated noise generation mechanisms of this type of system. The multi-shaft formulation of the Vold–Kalman filter can determine a time-accurate output of shaft order tones associated with each rotor, even as the rotation rate of the two rotors varies. This is a major improvement over the usual short time Fourier transform method for many applications. It was found that the contribution from each rotor to the individual tones varies strongly as a function of shaft order and operating condition. The order tracking filter is also demonstrated as a robust tool for separating the tonal and broadband components of a signal for which the usual shaft phase averaging methods fail. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIGNAL processing
KW  - FOURIER transforms
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - TRACKING filters
N1  - Accession Number: 95986875; Stephens, David B. 1; Email Address: david.stephens@nasa.gov Vold, Håvard 2; Email Address: hvold@ata-e.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: ATA Engineering, Inc., San Diego, CA 92103, United States; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 333 Issue 16, p3818; Subject Term: SIGNAL processing; Subject Term: FOURIER transforms; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: TRACKING filters; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2014.04.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaidos, Eric
AU  - Mann, Andrew W.
T1  - M DWARF METALLICITIES AND GIANT PLANET OCCURRENCE: IRONING OUT UNCERTAINTIES AND SYSTEMATICS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/08/10/
VL  - 791
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Comparisons between the planet populations around solar-type stars and those orbiting M dwarfs shed light on the possible dependence of planet formation and evolution on stellar mass. However, such analyses must control for other factors, i.e., metallicity, a stellar parameter that strongly influences the occurrence of gas giant planets. We obtained infrared spectra of 121 M dwarfs stars monitored by the California Planet Search and determined metallicities with an accuracy of 0.08 dex. The mean and standard deviation of the sample are –0.05 and 0.20 dex, respectively. We parameterized the metallicity dependence of the occurrence of giant planets on orbits with a period less than two years around solar-type stars and applied this to our M dwarf sample to estimate the expected number of giant planets. The number of detected planets (3) is lower than the predicted number (6.4), but the difference is not very significant (12% probability of finding as many or fewer planets). The three M dwarf planet hosts are not especially metal rich and the most likely value of the power-law index relating planet occurrence to metallicity is 1.06 dex per dex for M dwarfs compared to 1.80 for solar-type stars; this difference, however, is comparable to uncertainties. Giant planet occurrence around both types of stars allows, but does not necessarily require, a mass dependence of ∼1 dex per dex. The actual planet-mass-metallicity relation may be complex, and elucidating it will require larger surveys like those to be conducted by ground-based infrared spectrographs and the Gaia space astrometry mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF planets
KW  - ORBIT determination
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - INFRARED array detectors
N1  - Accession Number: 97249271; Gaidos, Eric 1,2; Email Address: gaidos@hawaii.edu Mann, Andrew W. 2,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: Harlan J. Smith Postdoctoral Fellow.; Source Info: 8/10/2014, Vol. 791 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DWARF planets; Subject Term: ORBIT determination; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: INFRARED array detectors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/791/1/54
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jouanny, I.
AU  - Sennour, M.
AU  - Berger, M.H.
AU  - Filipov, V.B.
AU  - Ievdokymova, A.
AU  - Paderno, V.N.
AU  - Sayir, A.
T1  - Effect of Zr substitution by Ti on growth direction and interface structure of LaB6–Ti x Zr1−x B2 directionally solidified eutectics.
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2014/08/10/
VL  - 34
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2101
EP  - 2109
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Abstract: Boride ceramics were directionally solidified around LaB6–(Ti x Zr1−x )B2 eutectic compositions. The directionally solidified rods were composed of LaB6 rich concentric belts surrounding large eutectic regions with a dense and uniform distribution of (Ti x Zr1−x )B2 fibers of 0.6μm in diameter inside a LaB6 matrix. The di- and hexa-boride mole fractions at eutectic points have been more accurately defined for x =0–0.76. Fiber growth directions were modified by the addition of titanium. Diboride (subscript 2) fibers grew along [0001]2 for x =0 and along for x ≠0. The orientation of the hexaboride (subscript 6) matrix was unchanged with or without titanium addition. The favored crystallographic orientation relationship was: [001]6//[0001]2 and and for any x value. The dominant interfaces were for x =0 and (001)6//(0001)2 for x ≠0, the latter being expected to be energetically more favorable, as predicted by a 2D geometrical model. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM
KW  - SUBSTITUTION reactions
KW  - TITANIUM
KW  - SOLIDIFICATION
KW  - EUTECTIC structure
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - Boride
KW  - Crystallographic orientation
KW  - DSE
KW  - Interfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 95503925; Jouanny, I. 1 Sennour, M. 1 Berger, M.H. 1; Email Address: marie-helene.berger@mines-paristech.fr Filipov, V.B. 2 Ievdokymova, A. 2 Paderno, V.N. 2 Sayir, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: MINES-ParisTech, Centre des Matériaux, UMR CNRS 7633, 91003 Evry Cedex, France  2: Frantsevitch Institute for Problems of Materials Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 34 Issue 9, p2101; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM; Subject Term: SUBSTITUTION reactions; Subject Term: TITANIUM; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: EUTECTIC structure; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystallographic orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfaces; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.01.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dynys, F.W.
AU  - Sayir, A.
AU  - Mackey, J.
AU  - Sehirlioglu, A.
T1  - Thermoelectric properties of WSi2–Si x Ge1−x composites.
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2014/08/15/
VL  - 604
M3  - Article
SP  - 196
EP  - 203
SN  - 09258388
AB  - Highlights: [•] We explore a novel W/Si/Ge composite system for thermoelectric applications. [•] The influence of crucible selection on electrical properties is investigated. [•] Introduction of W can reduce the expensive Ge component of the alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TUNGSTEN alloys
KW  - GERMANIUM alloys
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - METALS -- Electric properties
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Crystal growth
KW  - Electrical transport
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Thermoelectric materials
N1  - Accession Number: 95826640; Dynys, F.W. 1 Sayir, A. 1 Mackey, J. 2; Email Address: jam151@zips.uakron.edu Sehirlioglu, A. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 604, p196; Subject Term: TUNGSTEN alloys; Subject Term: GERMANIUM alloys; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: METALS -- Electric properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2014.03.133
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murri, Gretchen B
T1  - Effect of data reduction and fiber-bridging on Mode I delamination characterization of unidirectional composites.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2014/08/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 2413
EP  - 2424
SN  - 00219983
AB  - Reliable delamination characterization data for laminated composites are needed for input in analytical models of structures to predict delamination onset and growth. The double-cantilevered beam specimen is used to measure fracture toughness, GIc, and strain energy release rate, GImax, for delamination onset and growth in laminated composites under Mode I loading. The current study was conducted as part of an ASTM Round Robin activity to evaluate a proposed testing standard for Mode I fatigue delamination propagation. Static and fatigue tests were conducted on specimens of IM7/977-3 and G40-800/5276-1 graphite/epoxies, and S2/5216 glass/epoxy double-cantilevered beam specimens to evaluate the draft standard “Standard Test Method for Mode I Fatigue Delamination Propagation of Unidirectional Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites.” Static results were used to generate a delamination resistance curve, GIR, for each material, which was used to determine the effects of fiber-bridging on the delamination growth data. All three materials were tested in fatigue at a cyclic GImax level equal to 90% of the fracture toughness, GIc, to determine the delamination growth rate. Two different data reduction methods, a two-point and a seven-point fit, were used and the resulting Paris Law equations were compared. Growth rate results were normalized by the delamination resistance curve for each material and compared to the non-normalized results. Paris Law exponents were found to decrease by 5.7 to 47.6% due to normalizing the growth data. Additional specimens of the IM7/977-3 material were tested at three lower cyclic GImax levels to compare the effect of loading level on delamination growth rates. The IM7/977-3 tests were also used to determine the delamination threshold curve for that material. The results show that tests at a range of loading levels are necessary to describe the complete delamination behavior of this material. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials -- Testing
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - CONCRETE beams -- Fracture
KW  - CONCRETE beams -- Testing
KW  - CONCRETE beams -- Fatigue
KW  - Composites
KW  - delamination
KW  - fatigue
KW  - fracture toughness
KW  - Paris Law
KW  - R-curve
KW  - strain energy release rate
N1  - Accession Number: 97409691; Murri, Gretchen B 1; Affiliation:  1: gretchen.b.murri@nasa.gov; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 48 Issue 19, p2413; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials -- Testing; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: CONCRETE beams -- Fracture; Subject Term: CONCRETE beams -- Testing; Subject Term: CONCRETE beams -- Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paris Law; Author-Supplied Keyword: R-curve; Author-Supplied Keyword: strain energy release rate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238120 Structural Steel and Precast Concrete Contractors; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5749
L3  - 10.1177/0021998313498791
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mpagazehe, Jeremiah N.
AU  - Street, Kenneth W.
AU  - Delgado, Irebert R.
AU  - Fred Higgs, C.
T1  - An experimental study of lunar dust erosive wear potential using the JSC-1AF lunar dust simulant.
JO  - Wear
JF  - Wear
Y1  - 2014/08/15/
VL  - 316
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 79
EP  - 91
SN  - 00431648
AB  - Abstract: The exhaust plumes from spacecraft landing on Earth׳s moon advect lunar dust particles which have been shown to erode, or “sandblast”, nearby objects. Evidence of this phenomenon was provided by NASA’s Apollo 12 mission during which exhaust ejecta, generated by the Apollo Lunar Module landing, erosively wore components of the Surveyor III lunar probe located 155m from the Apollo 12 landing site. Recently, interest in new lunar missions has been expressed by a number of different groups including countries and private companies. With the potential for a large number of new lunar landings in relatively close proximity to each other and existing lunar hardware, efforts must be taken to understand the damage that lunar dust particle erosion can cause to material surfaces. In this work, a study was conducted with the JSC-1AF lunar dust simulant to understand the erosive potential of lunar dust. Metallic and acrylic test specimens were exposed to erosive wear and the changes in mass, surface topography, transmittance, and reflectance are reported. It was observed that exposure to erosive wear from JSC-1AF, even at moderate velocities (approximately 105m/s), resulted in a significant decrease in direct transmittance and total reflectance—greater than 70% in some cases. The results in this study suggest that optical components, such as lenses and mirrors are highly susceptible to damage during lunar landings due to lunar dust particle impingement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Wear is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - SURFACES (Technology)
KW  - TRANSMITTANCE (Physics)
KW  - SURFACE topography
KW  - Erosive wear
KW  - Lunar dust
KW  - Optical performance
KW  - Particle advection
N1  - Accession Number: 96342243; Mpagazehe, Jeremiah N. 1 Street, Kenneth W. 2 Delgado, Irebert R. 2 Fred Higgs, C. 1; Email Address: higgs@andrew.cmu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2014, Vol. 316 Issue 1/2, p79; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology); Subject Term: TRANSMITTANCE (Physics); Subject Term: SURFACE topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Erosive wear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical performance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle advection; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wear.2014.04.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bodenheimer, Peter
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - ACCRETION AND EVOLUTION OF ∼2.5 M ⊕ PLANETS WITH VOLUMINOUS H/He ENVELOPES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/08/20/
VL  - 791
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Formation of planets in the Neptune size range with low-mass, but voluminous, H2/He gaseous envelopes is modeled by detailed numerical simulations according to the core-nucleated accretion scenario. Formation locations ranging from 0.5 to 4 AU from a star of 1 M☼ are considered. The final planets have heavy-element cores of 2.2-2.5 M⊕ and envelopes in the range 0.037-0.16 M⊕. After the formation process, which lasts 2 Myr or less, the planets evolve at constant mass up to an age of several Gyr. For assumed equilibrium temperatures of 250, 500, and 1000 K, their calculated final radii are compared with those observed by the Kepler spacecraft. For the particular case of Kepler-11 f, we address the question whether it could have formed in situ or whether migration from a formation location farther out in the disk is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97359907; Bodenheimer, Peter 1; Email Address: peter@ucolick.org Lissauer, Jack J. 2; Email Address: Jack.J.Lissauer@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2014, Vol. 791 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/103
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dawson, Rebekah I.
AU  - Johnson, John Asher
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Foreman-Mackey, Daniel
AU  - Murray-Clay, Ruth A.
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Cargile, Phillip A.
AU  - Clubb, Kelsey I.
AU  - Fulton, Benjamin J.
AU  - Hebb, Leslie
AU  - Howard, Andrew W.
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Shporer, Avi
AU  - Valenti, Jeff A.
T1  - LARGE ECCENTRICITY, LOW MUTUAL INCLINATION: THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF A HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM OF GIANT PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/08/20/
VL  - 791
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We establish the three-dimensional architecture of the Kepler-419 (previously KOI-1474) system to be eccentric yet with a low mutual inclination. Kepler-419b is a warm Jupiter at semi-major axis AU with a large eccentricity (e = 0.85) measured via the “photoeccentric effect.” It exhibits transit timing variations (TTVs) induced by the non-transiting Kepler-419c, which we uniquely constrain to be a moderately eccentric (e = 0.184 ± 0.002), hierarchically separated (a = 1.68 ± 0.03 AU) giant planet (7.3 ± 0.4 MJup). We combine 16 quarters of Kepler photometry, radial-velocity (RV) measurements from the HIgh Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on Keck, and improved stellar parameters that we derive from spectroscopy and asteroseismology. From the RVs, we measure the mass of the inner planet to be 2.5 ± 0.3 MJup and confirm its photometrically measured eccentricity, refining the value to e = 0.83 ± 0.01. The RV acceleration is consistent with the properties of the outer planet derived from TTVs. We find that despite their sizable eccentricities, the planets are coplanar to within degrees, and therefore the inner planet's large eccentricity and close-in orbit are unlikely to be the result of Kozai migration. Moreover, even over many secular cycles, the inner planet's periapse is most likely never small enough for tidal circularization. Finally, we present and measure a transit time and impact parameter from four simultaneous ground-based light curves from 1 m class telescopes, demonstrating the feasibility of ground-based follow-up of Kepler giant planets exhibiting large TTVs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97359897; Dawson, Rebekah I. 1,2; Email Address: rdawson@berkeley.edu Johnson, John Asher 3 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 4 Foreman-Mackey, Daniel 5 Murray-Clay, Ruth A. 3 Buchhave, Lars A. 6,7 Cargile, Phillip A. 8 Clubb, Kelsey I. 1 Fulton, Benjamin J. 9 Hebb, Leslie 10 Howard, Andrew W. 9 Huber, Daniel 11,12 Shporer, Avi 13,14,15 Valenti, Jeff A. 16; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, Hearst Field Annex B-20, Berkeley CA 94720-3411, USA  2: Miller Fellow.  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Institute for Theory and Computation, 60 Garden Street, MS-51, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 95064, USA  5: Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA  6: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  7: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  9: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822-1839, USA  10: Department of Physics, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, NY 14456, USA  11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  13: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  14: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  15: Sagan Fellow.  16: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2014, Vol. 791 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/89
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Kihyun
AU  - Rim, Taiuk
AU  - Park, Chanoh
AU  - Kim, Donghoon
AU  - Meyyappan, M
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Suspended honeycomb nanowire ISFETs for improved stiction-free performance.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2014/08/29/
VL  - 25
IS  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - This paper reports high performance ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) with a suspended honeycomb nanowire (SHNW) structure. The SHNW can provide a longer, stiction-free channel than that which is possible with a suspended straight nanowire (SSNW) for the realization of gate-all-around biosensors. Devices with SHNWs, SSNWs and conventional nanowires on the substrate have been fabricated using a top-down approach in order to compare their electrical performances. The SHNW devices exhibit excellent electrical characteristics such as lower subthreshold swing, higher transconductance and higher linear drain current. In addition, the SHNW ISFETs show better pH sensitivity than other ISFETs. Based on the results, the SHNW device appears promising for enhancing the intrinsic performance and ensuring the reliable operation of biosensor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ION sensitive field effect transistors
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
N1  - Accession Number: 97376737; Kim, Kihyun 1 Rim, Taiuk 2 Park, Chanoh 3 Kim, Donghoon 1 Meyyappan, M 2,4 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1,3; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea  2: Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Lab, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea  3: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/29/2014, Vol. 25 Issue 34, p1; Subject Term: ION sensitive field effect transistors; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/25/34/345501
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97376737&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stebner, Aaron P.
AU  - Bigelow, Glen S.
AU  - Jin Yang
AU  - Shukla, Dhwanil P.
AU  - Saghaian, Sayed M.
AU  - Rogers, Richard
AU  - Garg, Anita
AU  - Karaca, Haluk E.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Yuriy
AU  - Bhattacharya, Kaushik
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
T1  - Transformation strains and temperatures of a nickel-titanium-hafnium high temperature shape memory alloy.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 76
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 53
SN  - 13596454
AB  - A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the transformation temperature and transformation strain behaviors of a promising new Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 high-temperature shape memory alloy was conducted. Actuation behavior of single crystals with loading orientations near [001]B2, [1¯10]B2, and [111]B2, as well as polycrystalline material in aged and unaged conditions was studied, together with the superelastic, polycrystalline torsion response. These results were compared to analytic calculations of the ideal transformation strains for tension, compression, and torsion loading of single crystals as a function of single crystal orientation, and polycrystalline material of common processing textures. H-phase precipitates on the order of 10-30nm were shown to increase transformation temperatures and also to narrow thermal hysteresis, compared to unaged material. The mechanical effects of increased residual stresses and numbers of transformation nucleation sites caused by the precipitates provide a plausible explanation for the observed transformation temperature trends. Grain boundaries were shown to have similar effects on transformation temperatures. The work output and recoverable strain exhibited by the alloy were shown to approach maximums at stresses of 500-800MPa, suggesting these to be optimal working loads with respect to single cycle performance. The potential for transformation strain in single crystals of this material was calculated to be superior to binary NiTi in tension, compression, and torsion loading modes. However, the large volume fraction of precipitate phase, in part, prevents the material from realizing its full single crystal transformation strain potential in return for outstanding functional stability by inhibiting plastic strain accumulation during transformation. Finally, calculations showed that of the studied polycrystalline textures, [001]B2 fiber texture results in superior torsion performance, while [011]B2 fiber texture results in superior tensile behavior, and both [011]B2 and random textures will result in the best possible compression performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - TORSION
KW  - Grain boundaries
KW  - Orientation
KW  - Precipitates
KW  - Texture
KW  - Transformation strain
N1  - Accession Number: 97161110; Stebner, Aaron P. 1; Email Address: astebner@mines.edu Bigelow, Glen S. 2 Jin Yang 1 Shukla, Dhwanil P. 1 Saghaian, Sayed M. 3 Rogers, Richard 2 Garg, Anita 4 Karaca, Haluk E. 3 Chumlyakov, Yuriy 5 Bhattacharya, Kaushik 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: University of Kentucky, 151 Ralph G. Anderson Building, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA  4: University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Ave., Toledo, OH 43606, USA  5: Tomsk State University Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Novosobornay Sq. 1, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 76, p40; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: TORSION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundaries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Texture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transformation strain; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.04.071
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Smith, Craig
AU  - Maillet, Emmanuel
AU  - Baker, Chris
AU  - Mansour, Rabih
T1  - Electrical resistance monitoring of damage and crack growth in advanced SiC-based ceramic composites.
JO  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
JF  - American Ceramic Society Bulletin
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 93
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 31
PB  - American Ceramic Society
SN  - 00027812
AB  - The article discusses the research in the use of the self-sensing property of SiC based ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) which will be implemented as high-temperature components for advanced commercial jet engines and can also be applied to the constituent composition of composites, damage detection and crack growth in SiC-SiC composites. Topics discussed include the potential of the technique to assess components exposed to stress-time-temperature in oxidizing environments.
KW  - SELF-interaction chromatography
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CERAMIC-matrix composites
KW  - CERAMICS -- Fracture
KW  - JET engines
KW  - STRESS corrosion
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
N1  - Accession Number: 97817524; Morscher, Gregory N. 1; Email Address: gm33@uakron.edu Smith, Craig 2 Maillet, Emmanuel 3 Baker, Chris 4 Mansour, Rabih 3; Affiliation:  1: Associate professor of mechanical engineering, University of Akron (Ohio)  2: Research engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio  3: University of Akron  4: Research scientist, Bridgestone Americas Tire Operations, Akron, Ohio; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 93 Issue 7, p28; Subject Term: SELF-interaction chromatography; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CERAMIC-matrix composites; Subject Term: CERAMICS -- Fracture; Subject Term: JET engines; Subject Term: STRESS corrosion; Subject Term: OXIDATIVE stress; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sánchez-Monge, Á.
AU  - Beltrán, M. T.
AU  - Cesaroni, R.
AU  - Etoka, S.
AU  - Galli, D.
AU  - Kumar, M. S. N.
AU  - Moscadelli, L.
AU  - Stanke, T.
AU  - van der Tak, F. F. S.
AU  - Vig, S.
AU  - Walmsley, C. M.
AU  - Wang, K. -S.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
AU  - Elia, D.
AU  - Molinari, S.
AU  - Schisano, E.
T1  - A necklace of dense cores in the high-mass star forming region G35.20-0.74 N: ALMA observations.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 569
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The formation process of high-mass stars (with masses >8 M☉) is still poorly understood, and represents a challenge from both the theoretical and observational points of view. The advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) is expected to provide observational evidence to better constrain the theoretical scenarios. Aims. The present study aims at characterizing the high-mass star forming region G35.20-0.74 N, which is found associated with at least one massive outflow and contains multiple dense cores, one of them recently found associated with a Keplerian rotating disk. Methods. We used the radio-interferometer ALMA to observe the G35.20-0.74 N region in the submillimeter continuum and line emission at 350 GHz. The observed frequency range covers tracers of dense gas (e.g., H13CO+, C17O), molecular outflows (e.g., SiO), and hot cores (e.g., CH3CN, CH3OH). These observations were complemented with infrared and centimeter data. Results. The ALMA 870 μm continuum emission map reveals an elongated dust structure (∼0.15 pc long and ∼0.013 pc wide; full width at half maximum) perpendicular to the large-scale molecular outflow detected in the region, and fragmented into a number of cores with masses ∼1-10 M☉ and sizes ∼1600 AU (spatial resolution ∼960 AU). The cores appear regularly spaced with a separation of ∼0.023 pc. The emission of dense gas tracers such as H13CO+, C17O is extended and coincident with the dust elongated structure. The three strongest dust cores show emission of complex organic molecules characteristic of hot cores, with temperatures around 200 K, and relative abundances 0.2-2 × 10-8 for CH3CN and 0.6-5 × 10-6 for CH3OH. The two cores with highest mass (cores A and B) show coherent velocity fields, with gradients almost aligned with the dust elongated structure. Those velocity gradients are consistent with Keplerian disks rotating about central masses of 4-18 M☉. Perpendicular to the velocity gradients we have identified a large-scale precessing jet/outflow associated with core B, and hints of an east-west jet/outflow associated with core A. Conclusions. The elongated dust structure in G35.20-0.74 N is fragmented into a number of dense cores that may form high-mass stars. Based on the velocity field of the dense gas, the orientation of the magnetic field, and the regularly spaced fragmentation, we interpret this elongated structure as the densest part of a 1D filament fragmenting and forming high-mass stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - RADIO jets (Astrophysics)
KW  - BIPOLAR outflows (Astrophysics)
KW  - ISM: individual objects: G35.20-0.74 N
KW  - ISM: jets and outflows
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - ATACAMA Large Millimeter Array (Project)
N1  - Accession Number: 98700681; Sánchez-Monge, Á. 1,2; Email Address: sanchez@ph1.uni-koeln.de Beltrán, M. T. 2 Cesaroni, R. 2 Etoka, S. 3,4 Galli, D. 2 Kumar, M. S. N. 5 Moscadelli, L. 2 Stanke, T. 6 van der Tak, F. F. S. 7,8 Vig, S. 9 Walmsley, C. M. 2,10 Wang, K. -S. 11 Zinnecker, H. 12 Elia, D. 13 Molinari, S. 13 Schisano, E. 14; Affiliation:  1: I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany  2: Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, INAF, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy  3: Hamburger Sternwarte, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany  4: Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK  5: Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  6: ESO, Karl-Schwarzschilk-Strasse 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany  7: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  8: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands  9: Dpt. of Earth and Space Science, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 547 Kerala, India  10: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland  11: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  12: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  13: Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali (IAPS-INAF), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  14: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 569, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: RADIO jets (Astrophysics); Subject Term: BIPOLAR outflows (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: G35.20-0.74 N; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: jets and outflows; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: massive; Company/Entity: ATACAMA Large Millimeter Array (Project); Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201424032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burke, Christopher J.
AU  - McCullough, P. R.
T1  - TRANSIT AND RADIAL VELOCITY SURVEY EFFICIENCY COMPARISON FOR A HABITABLE ZONE EARTH.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09//9/1/2014
VL  - 792
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Transit and radial velocity searches are two techniques for identifying nearby extrasolar planets to Earth that transit bright stars. Identifying a robust sample of these exoplanets around bright stars for detailed atmospheric characterization is a major observational undertaking. In this study we describe a framework that answers the question of whether a transit or radial velocity survey is more efficient at finding transiting exoplanets given the same amount of observing time. Within the framework we show that a transit survey's window function can be approximated using the hypergeometric probability distribution. We estimate the observing time required for a transit survey to find a transiting Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone (HZ) with an emphasis on late-type stars. We also estimate the radial velocity precision necessary to detect the equivalent HZ Earth-mass exoplanet that also transits when using an equal amount of observing time as the transit survey. We find that a radial velocity survey with σrv ∼ 0.6 m s–1 precision has comparable efficiency in terms of observing time to a transit survey with the requisite photometric precision σphot ∼ 300 ppm to find a transiting Earth-sized exoplanet in the HZ of late M dwarfs. For super-Earths, a σrv ∼ 2.0 m s–1 precision radial velocity survey has comparable efficiency to a transit survey with σphot ∼ 2300 ppm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - HABITABLE zone (Outer space)
N1  - Accession Number: 97519176; Burke, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: christopher.j.burke@nasa.gov McCullough, P. R. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2014, Vol. 792 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: HABITABLE zone (Outer space); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/79
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Skemer, Andrew J.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Hinz, Philip M.
AU  - Morzinski, Katie M.
AU  - Skrutskie, Michael F.
AU  - Leisenring, Jarron M.
AU  - Close, Laird M.
AU  - Saumon, Didier
AU  - Bailey, Vanessa P.
AU  - Briguglio, Runa
AU  - Defrere, Denis
AU  - Esposito, Simone
AU  - Follette, Katherine B.
AU  - Hill, John M.
AU  - Males, Jared R.
AU  - Puglisi, Alfio
AU  - Rodigas, Timothy J.
AU  - Xompero, Marco
T1  - DIRECTLY IMAGED L-T TRANSITION EXOPLANETS IN THE MID-INFRARED ,.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09//9/1/2014
VL  - 792
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Gas-giant planets emit a large fraction of their light in the mid-infrared (≳3 μm), where photometry and spectroscopy are critical to our understanding of the bulk properties of extrasolar planets. Of particular importance are the L- and M-band atmospheric windows (3-5 μm), which are the longest wavelengths currently accessible to ground-based, high-contrast imagers. We present binocular LBT adaptive optics (AO) images of the HR 8799 planetary system in six narrow-band filters from 3 to 4 μm, and a Magellan AO image of the 2M1207 planetary system in a broader 3.3 μm band. These systems encompass the five known exoplanets with luminosities consistent with L → T transition brown dwarfs. Our results show that the exoplanets are brighter and have shallower spectral slopes than equivalent temperature brown dwarfs in a wavelength range that contains the methane fundamental absorption feature (spanned by the narrow-band filters and encompassed by the broader 3.3 μm filter). For 2M1207 b, we find that thick clouds and non-equilibrium chemistry caused by vertical mixing can explain the object's appearance. For the HR 8799 planets, we present new models that suggest the atmospheres must have patchy clouds, along with non-equilibrium chemistry. Together, the presence of a heterogeneous surface and vertical mixing presents a picture of dynamic planetary atmospheres in which both horizontal and vertical motions influence the chemical and condensate profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - IMAGING systems
N1  - Accession Number: 97519166; Skemer, Andrew J. 1 Marley, Mark S. 2 Hinz, Philip M. 1 Morzinski, Katie M. 1 Skrutskie, Michael F. 3 Leisenring, Jarron M. 1,4 Close, Laird M. 1 Saumon, Didier 5 Bailey, Vanessa P. 1 Briguglio, Runa 6 Defrere, Denis 1 Esposito, Simone 6 Follette, Katherine B. 1 Hill, John M. 7 Males, Jared R. 1 Puglisi, Alfio 6 Rodigas, Timothy J. 1,8 Xompero, Marco 6; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, 530 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  4: Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland  5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  6: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 50125 Firenze, Italy  7: Large Binocular Telescope Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  8: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institute of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2014, Vol. 792 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/792/1/17
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Prados, Ana I.
AU  - Lamsal, Lok N.
AU  - Yang Liu
AU  - Streets, David G.
AU  - Gupta, Pawan
AU  - Hilsenrath, Ernest
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Nielsen, J. Eric
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas J.
AU  - Burton, Sharon P.
AU  - Fiore, Arlene M.
AU  - Fishman, Jack
AU  - Henze, Daven K.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Krotkov, Nickolay A.
AU  - Lee, Pius
AU  - Meiyun Lin
AU  - Pawson, Steven
AU  - Pfister, Gabriele
T1  - Satellite data of atmospheric pollution for U.S. air quality applications: Examples of applications, summary of data end-user resources, answers to FAQs, and common mistakes to avoid.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 94
M3  - Article
SP  - 647
EP  - 662
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Satellite data of atmospheric pollutants are becoming more widely used in the decision-making and environmental management activities of public, private sector and non-profit organizations. They are employed for estimating emissions, tracking pollutant plumes, supporting air quality forecasting activities, providing evidence for "exceptional event" declarations, monitoring regional long-term trends, and evaluating air quality model output. However, many air quality managers are not taking full advantage of the data for these applications nor has the full potential of satellite data for air quality applications been realized. A key barrier is the inherent difficulties associated with accessing, processing, and properly interpreting observational data. A degree of technical skill is required on the part of the data end-user, which is often problematic for air quality agencies with limited resources. Therefore, we 1) review the primary uses of satellite data for air quality applications, 2) provide some background information on satellite capabilities for measuring pollutants, 3) discuss the many resources available to the end-user for accessing, processing, and visualizing the data, and 4) provide answers to common questions in plain language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC deposition
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Air quality
KW  - End-user resources
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellite data
N1  - Accession Number: 97083950; Duncan, Bryan N. 1; Email Address: Bryan.N.Duncan@nasa.gov Prados, Ana I. 1,2 Lamsal, Lok N. 1,3 Yang Liu 4 Streets, David G. 5 Gupta, Pawan 3 Hilsenrath, Ernest 2,6 Kahn, Ralph A. 1 Nielsen, J. Eric 7 Beyersdorf, Andreas J. 8 Burton, Sharon P. 8 Fiore, Arlene M. 9 Fishman, Jack 10 Henze, Daven K. 11 Hostetler, Chris A. 8 Krotkov, Nickolay A. 1 Lee, Pius 12 Meiyun Lin 13 Pawson, Steven 1 Pfister, Gabriele 14; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  2: Joint Center for Earth System Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  3: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA  4: Emory University, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA  5: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA  6: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD, USA  7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  9: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA  10: St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA  11: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  12: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD, USA  13: Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University and NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA  14: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 94, p647; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC deposition; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: End-user resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite data; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.05.061
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hamann, U.
AU  - Walther, A.
AU  - Baum, B.
AU  - Bennartz, R.
AU  - Bugliaro, L.
AU  - Derrien, M.
AU  - Francis, P. N.
AU  - Heidinger, A.
AU  - Joro, S.
AU  - Kniffka, A.
AU  - Le Gléau, H.
AU  - Lockhoff, M.
AU  - Lutz, H.-J.
AU  - Meirink, J. F.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Palikonda, R.
AU  - Roebeling, R.
AU  - Thoss, A.
AU  - Platnick, S.
AU  - Watts, P.
T1  - Remote sensing of cloud top pressure/height from SEVIRI: analysis of ten current retrieval algorithms.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2839
EP  - 2867
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The role of clouds remains the largest uncertainty in climate projections. They influence solar and thermal radiative transfer and the earth's water cycle. Therefore, there is an urgent need for accurate cloud observations to validate climate models and to monitor climate change. Passive satellite imagers measuring radiation at visible to thermal infrared (IR) wavelengths provide a wealth of information on cloud properties. Among others, the cloud top height (CTH) – a crucial parameter to estimate the thermal cloud radiative forcing – can be retrieved. In this paper we investigate the skill of ten current retrieval algorithms to estimate the CTH using observations from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI) onboard Meteosat Second Generation (MSG). In the first part we compare ten SEVIRI cloud top pressure (CTP) data sets with each other. The SEVIRI algorithms catch the latitudinal variation of the CTP in a similar way. The agreement is better in the extratropics than in the tropics. In the tropics multi-layer clouds and thin cirrus layers complicate the CTP retrieval, whereas a good agreement among the algorithms is found for trade wind cumulus, marine stratocumulus and the optically thick cores of the deep convective system. In the second part of the paper the SEVIRI retrievals are compared to CTH observations from the Cloud–Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) and Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) instruments. It is important to note that the different measurement techniques cause differences in the retrieved CTH data. SEVIRI measures a radiatively effective CTH, while the CTH of the active instruments is derived from the return time of the emitted radar or lidar signal. Therefore, some systematic differences are expected. On average the CTHs detected by the SEVIRI algorithms are 1.0 to 2.5 km lower than CALIOP observations, and the correlation coefficients between the SEVIRI and the CALIOP data sets range between 0.77 and 0.90. The average CTHs derived by the SEVIRI algorithms are closer to the CPR measurements than to CALIOP measurements. The biases between SEVIRI and CPR retrievals range from −0.8 km to 0.6 km. The correlation coefficients of CPR and SEVIRI observations vary between 0.82 and 0.89. To discuss the origin of the CTH deviation, we investigate three cloud categories: optically thin and thick single layer as well as multi-layer clouds. For optically thick clouds the correlation coefficients between the SEVIRI and the reference data sets are usually above 0.95. For optically thin single layer clouds the correlation coefficients are still above 0.92. For this cloud category the SEVIRI algorithms yield CTHs that are lower than CALIOP and similar to CPR observations. Most challenging are the multi-layer clouds, where the correlation coefficients are for most algorithms between 0.6 and 0.8. Finally, we evaluate the performance of the SEVIRI retrievals for boundary layer clouds. While the CTH retrieval for this cloud type is relatively accurate, there are still considerable differences between the algorithms. These are related to the uncertainties and limited vertical resolution of the assumed temperature profiles in combination with the presence of temperature inversions, which lead to ambiguities in the CTH retrieval. Alternative approaches for the CTH retrieval of low clouds are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - CLIMATIC changes -- Detection
KW  - CLIMATIC changes -- Models
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 98704227; Hamann, U. 1,2; Email Address: ulrich.hamann@meteoswiss.ch Walther, A. 3 Baum, B. 3 Bennartz, R. 3,4 Bugliaro, L. 5 Derrien, M. 6 Francis, P. N. 7 Heidinger, A. 8 Joro, S. 9 Kniffka, A. 10 Le Gléau, H. 6 Lockhoff, M. 10 Lutz, H.-J. 9 Meirink, J. F. 1 Minnis, P. 11 Palikonda, R. 12 Roebeling, R. 9 Thoss, A. 13 Platnick, S. 14 Watts, P. 9; Affiliation:  1: Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), De Bilt, the Netherlands  2: MeteoSwiss, Locarno, Switzerland  3: University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA  4: Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA  5: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäpre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  6: Météo-France, Lannion, France  7: Met Office, Exeter, UK  8: Center for Satellite Applications and Research, NESDIS, NOAA, Madison, WI, USA  9: EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany  10: Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD), Offenbach, Germany  11: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  12: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  13: Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Norrköping, Sweden  14: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 9, p2839; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Detection; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes -- Models; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-7-2839-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Govindarajan, Nithin
AU  - de Visser, Cornelis. C.
AU  - Krishnakumar, Kalmanje
T1  - A sparse collocation method for solving time-dependent HJB equations using multivariate B-splines.
JO  - Automatica
JF  - Automatica
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2234
EP  - 2244
SN  - 00051098
AB  - This paper presents a sparse collocation method for solving the time-dependent Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation associated with the continuous-time optimal control problem on a fixed, finite time-horizon with integral cost functional. Through casting the problem in a recursive framework using the value-iteration procedure, the value functions of every iteration step is approximated with a time-varying multivariate simplex B-spline on a certain state domain of interest. In the collocation scheme, the time-dependent coefficients of the spline function are further approximated with ordinary univariate B-splines to yield a discretization for the value function fully in terms of piece-wise polynomials. The B-spline coefficients are determined by solving a sequence of highly sparse quadratic programming problems. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated on a pair of benchmark example problems. Simulation results indicate that the method can yield increasingly more accurate approximations of the value function by refinement of the triangulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Automatica is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAMILTON-Jacobi-Bellman equation
KW  - COLLOCATION methods
KW  - MULTIVARIATE analysis
KW  - SPLINES
KW  - TIME-varying systems
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - Adaptive dynamic programming
KW  - Collocation method
KW  - Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation
KW  - Optimal feedback control
KW  - Splines
N1  - Accession Number: 98143177; Govindarajan, Nithin 1; Email Address: N.Govindarajan@student.tudelft.nl de Visser, Cornelis. C. 2; Email Address: C.C.deVisser@tudelft.nl Krishnakumar, Kalmanje 3; Email Address: k.krishnakumar@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Delft Center for Systems and Control, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands  2: Control and Simulation division, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2600GB Delft, The Netherlands  3: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 50 Issue 9, p2234; Subject Term: HAMILTON-Jacobi-Bellman equation; Subject Term: COLLOCATION methods; Subject Term: MULTIVARIATE analysis; Subject Term: SPLINES; Subject Term: TIME-varying systems; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive dynamic programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collocation method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimal feedback control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Splines; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.07.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Jr.Adin Mann, Jay
AU  - Darr, Samuel R.
T1  - Parametric analysis of the liquid hydrogen and nitrogen bubble point pressure for cryogenic liquid acquisition devices.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 63
M3  - Article
SP  - 25
EP  - 36
SN  - 00112275
AB  - This paper presents the parametric investigation of the factors which govern screen channel liquid acquisition device bubble point pressure in a low pressure propellant tank. The five test parameters that were varied included the screen mesh, liquid cryogen, liquid temperature and pressure, and type of pressurant gas. Bubble point data was collected using three fine mesh 304 stainless steel screens in two different liquids (hydrogen and nitrogen), over a broad range of liquid temperatures and pressures in subcooled and saturated liquid states, using both a noncondensible (helium) and autogenous (hydrogen or nitrogen) gas pressurization scheme. Bubble point pressure scales linearly with surface tension, but does not scale inversely with the fineness of the mesh. Bubble point pressure increases proportional to the degree of subcooling. Higher bubble points are obtained using noncondensible pressurant gases over the condensable vapor. The bubble point model is refined using a temperature dependent pore diameter of the screen to account for screen shrinkage at reduced liquid temperatures and to account for relative differences in performance between the two pressurization schemes. The updated bubble point model can be used to accurately predict performance of LADs operating in future cryogenic propellant engines and cryogenic fuel depots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - LIQUID nitrogen
KW  - BUBBLE dynamics
KW  - CRYOGENIC liquids -- Storage
KW  - LIQUID propellants
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - Bubble point
KW  - Fuel depot
KW  - Liquid acquisition devices
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Liquid nitrogen
KW  - Porous screen
KW  - Pressurant gas
N1  - Accession Number: 98143646; Hartwig, Jason 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Jr.Adin Mann, Jay 2 Darr, Samuel R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Research Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  3: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 63, p25; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: LIQUID nitrogen; Subject Term: BUBBLE dynamics; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC liquids -- Storage; Subject Term: LIQUID propellants; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bubble point; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel depot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous screen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressurant gas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.05.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, B. Y.
AU  - Pinho, S. T.
AU  - De Carvalho, N. V.
AU  - Baiz, P. M.
AU  - Tay, T. E.
T1  - A floating node method for the modelling of discontinuities in composites.
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 127
M3  - Article
SP  - 104
EP  - 134
SN  - 00137944
AB  - This paper presents a new method suitable for modelling multiple discontinuities within a finite element. The architecture of the proposed method is similar to that of the phantom node method (which is equivalent to XFEM with Heaviside enrichment), and the solution of it is equivalent to local remeshing within the cracked element. The new method shows several advantages over the phantom node method, such as avoiding errors in the mapping of the crack geometry from the physical to the natural space and avoiding performing integrations over only part of an element. Compared to remeshing, the proposed method enables the representation of discontinuities through relatively closed FE codes (such as user-defined elements) without modifying the initial mesh and geometry, thus making it computationally more efficient. Additionally, the proposed method is particularly suited for modelling weak and cohesive discontinuities and for the representation of complex crack networks; it can model multiple plies and interfaces of a composite laminate, and both matrix crack and delamination, within a user-defined element; the information is shared between the plies and interfaces within such an element, allowing the direct implementation of interactive mechanisms. Verification examples show that the floating node method can predict stress intensity factors and crack propagation accurately. An application example shows that the proposed method can predict well the transition from matrix cracking to delamination and the subsequent saturation of matrix crack density in a cross-ply laminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLOATING (Fluid mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - STRESS intensity factors (Fracture mechanics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - Composites
KW  - Crack interaction
KW  - Multiple cracks
KW  - Phantom node method
KW  - X-FEM
N1  - Accession Number: 97571033; Chen, B. Y. 1,2; Email Address: boyang.chen@nus.edu.sg Pinho, S. T. 2 De Carvalho, N. V. 3 Baiz, P. M. 2 Tay, T. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 21 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119077, Singapore  2: Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom  3: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 127, p104; Subject Term: FLOATING (Fluid mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: STRESS intensity factors (Fracture mechanics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple cracks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phantom node method; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-FEM; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2014.05.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gantt, B.
AU  - Johnson, M. S.
AU  - Crippa, M.
AU  - Prévôt, A. S. H.
AU  - Meskhidze, N.
T1  - Implementing marine organic aerosols into the GEOS-Chem model.
JO  - Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
JF  - Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 5965
EP  - 5992
SN  - 19919611
AB  - Marine organic aerosols (MOA) have been shown to play an important role in tropospheric chemistry by impacting surface mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei concentrations over remote marine and coastal regions. In this work, an online marine primary organic aerosol emission parameterization, designed to be used for both global and regional models, was implemented into the GEOS-Chem model. The implemented emission scheme improved the large underprediction of organic aerosol concentrations in clean marine regions (normalized mean bias decreases from −79% when using the default settings to −12% when marine organic aerosols are added). Model predictions were also in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.62 and normalized mean bias of −36 %) with hourly surface concentrations of MOA observed during the summertime at an inland site near Paris, France. Our study shows that MOA have weaker coastalto-inland concentration gradients than sea-salt aerosols, leading to several inland European cities having > 10% of their surface submicron organic aerosol mass concen tration with a marine source. The addition of MOA tracers to GEOS-Chem enabled us to identify the regions with large contributions of freshly-emitted or aged aerosol having distinct physicochemical properties, potentially indicating optimal locations for future field studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geoscientific Model Development Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - AIR pollutants
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - CITIES & towns
N1  - Accession Number: 99336037; Gantt, B. 1; Email Address: bdgantt@gmail.com Johnson, M. S. 2 Crippa, M. 3 Prévôt, A. S. H. 3 Meskhidze, N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA  2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 5, p5965; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: AIR pollutants; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Subject Term: CITIES & towns; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/gmdd-7-5965-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schröder, S. E.
AU  - Grynko, Ye.
AU  - Pommerol, A.
AU  - Keller, H. U.
AU  - Thomas, N.
AU  - Roush, T. L.
T1  - Laboratory observations and simulations of phase reddening.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 239
M3  - Article
SP  - 201
EP  - 216
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The visible reflectance spectrum of many Solar System bodies changes with changing viewing geometry for reasons not fully understood. It is often observed to redden (increasing spectral slope) with increasing solar phase angle, an effect known as phase reddening. Only once, in an observation of the martian surface by the Viking 1 lander, was reddening observed up to a certain phase angle with bluing beyond, making the reflectance ratio as a function of phase angle shaped like an arch. However, in laboratory experiments this arch-shape is frequently encountered. To investigate this, we measured the bidirectional reflectance of particulate samples of several common rock types in the 400-1000nm wavelength range and performed ray-tracing simulations. We confirm the occurrence of the arch for surfaces that are forward scattering, i.e. are composed of semi-transparent particles and are smooth on the scale of the particles, and for which the reflectance increases from the lower to the higher wavelength in the reflectance ratio. The arch shape is reproduced by the simulations, which assume a smooth surface. However, surface roughness on the scale of the particles, such as the Hapke and van Horn (Hapke, B., van Horn, H. [1963]. J. Geophys. Res. 68, 4545-4570) fairy castles that can spontaneously form when sprinkling a fine powder, leads to monotonic reddening. A further consequence of this form of microscopic roughness (being indistinct without the use of a microscope) is a flattening of the disk function at visible wavelengths, i.e. Lommel-Seeliger-type scattering. The experiments further reveal monotonic reddening for reflectance ratios at near-IR wavelengths. The simulations fail to reproduce this particular reddening, and we suspect that it results from roughness on the surface of the particles. Given that the regolith of atmosphereless Solar System bodies is composed of small particles, our results indicate that the prevalence of monotonic reddening and Lommel-Seeliger-type scattering for these bodies results from microscopic roughness, both in the form of structures built by the particles and roughness on the surface of the particles themselves. It follows from the singular Viking 1 observation that the surface in front of the lander was composed of semi-transparent particles, and was smooth on the scale of the particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Regoliths
KW  - Spectrophotometry
N1  - Accession Number: 97254213; Schröder, S. E. 1; Email Address: stefanus.schroeder@dlr.de Grynko, Ye. 2 Pommerol, A. 3 Keller, H. U. 4 Thomas, N. 3 Roush, T. L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), 12489 Berlin, Germany  2: Universität Paderborn, 33098 Paderborn, Germany  3: Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland  4: Institut für Geophysik und extraterrestrische Physik (IGEP), Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 239, p201; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectrophotometry; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurwitz, Frances I.
AU  - Gallagher, Meghan
AU  - Olin, Tracy C.
AU  - Shave, Molly K.
AU  - Ittes, Marlyssa Α.
AU  - Olafson, Katy N.
AU  - Fields, Meredith G.
AU  - Guo, Haiquan
AU  - Rogers, Richard B.
T1  - Optimization of Alumina and Aluminosilicate Aerogel Structure for High-Temperature Performance.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Glass Science
JF  - International Journal of Applied Glass Science
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 276
EP  - 286
SN  - 20411286
AB  - Alumina and aluminosilicate aerogels offer potential for use at temperatures above 700°C, where silica aerogels begin to sinter. Stability of alumina and aluminosilicate pore structures at high temperatures is governed by the starting aerogel structure, which, in turn is controlled by the synthesis route. Structure, morphology, and crystallization behavior are compared for aerogels synthesized from AlCl3 and propylene oxide with those synthesized from a variety of boehmite precursors. The aerogels possessing a crystalline boehmite structure in the as-synthesized condition retained mesoporous structures to temperatures of 1200°C, while the AlCl3-derived aerogels, although exhibiting higher as-synthesized surface areas, crystallized and densified at 980-1005°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Glass Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROGELS
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - HEAT resistant materials
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
N1  - Accession Number: 97807538; Hurwitz, Frances I. 1 Gallagher, Meghan 1 Olin, Tracy C. 1 Shave, Molly K. 1 Ittes, Marlyssa Α. 1 Olafson, Katy N. 1 Fields, Meredith G. 1 Guo, Haiquan 2 Rogers, Richard B. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p276; Subject Term: AEROGELS; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject Term: HEAT resistant materials; Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/ijag.12070
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stapleton, Scott E.
AU  - Pineda, Evan J.
AU  - Gries, Thomas
AU  - Waas, Anthony M.
T1  - Adaptive shape functions and internal mesh adaptation for modeling progressive failure in adhesively bonded joints.
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 51
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 3252
EP  - 3264
SN  - 00207683
AB  - Macroscopic finite elements are elements with an embedded analytical solution that can capture detailed local fields, enabling more efficient, mesh independent finite element analysis. The shape functions are determined based on the analytical model rather than prescribed. This method was applied to adhesively bonded joints to model joint behavior with one element through the thickness. This study demonstrates two methods of maintaining the fidelity of such elements during adhesive non-linearity and cracking without increasing the mesh needed for an accurate solution. The first method uses adaptive shape functions, where the shape functions are recalculated at each load step based on the softening of the adhesive. The second method is internal mesh adaption, where cracking of the adhesive within an element is captured by further discretizing the element internally to represent the partially cracked geometry. By keeping mesh adaptations within an element, a finer mesh can be used during the analysis without affecting the global finite element model mesh. Examples are shown which highlight when each method is most effective in reducing the number of elements needed to capture adhesive nonlinearity and cracking. These methods are validated against analogous finite element models utilizing cohesive zone elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADHESIVE joints
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SURFACE cracks
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - COHESIVE strength (Mechanics)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Adaptive mesh
KW  - Adaptive shape functions
KW  - Adhesion
KW  - Bonded
KW  - Crack
KW  - Finite element
KW  - Joining
KW  - Numerical methods
N1  - Accession Number: 97085722; Stapleton, Scott E. 1; Email Address: sstaple@umich.edu Pineda, Evan J. 2 Gries, Thomas 1 Waas, Anthony M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Textile Technology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany  2: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 51 Issue 18, p3252; Subject Term: ADHESIVE joints; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SURFACE cracks; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: COHESIVE strength (Mechanics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive mesh; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adaptive shape functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bonded; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element; Author-Supplied Keyword: Joining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical methods; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.05.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97085722&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ning, S. Andrew
AU  - Kroo, Ilan
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Nemec, Marian
AU  - Kless, James E.
T1  - Extended Formation Flight at Transonic Speeds.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/09//Sep/Oct2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1501
EP  - 1510
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Aircraft flown in formation can realize significant reductions in drag by flying in regions of wake up wash. However, most transports fly at transonic speeds where the impact of compressibility on formation flight is not well understood. This study uses an Euler solver to analyze the inviscid aerodynamic forces and moments of transonic wing/body configurations flying in a two-aircraft formation. Formations with large streamwise separation distances (10-50 wingspans) are considered. This work indicates that compressibility-related drag penalties in formation flight may be eliminated by slowing 2-3% below the nominal out-of-formation cruise Mach number, either at fixed lift coefficient or fixed altitude. The latter option has the additional benefit that the aerodynamic performance of the formation improves slightly at higher lift coefficients. Although optimal in-formation lift coefficients are not as high as those estimated by incompressible analyses, modest increases in altitude can yield further improvements in aerodynamic efficiency. Increasing the lateral separation of the aircraft allows for slightly higher cruise speeds in exchange for higher induced drag. For the configurations examined here, a 1-2% reduction in Mach number combined with a lateral spacing increase of 5% span (vertical spacing aligned with the vortex) achieves a total formation drag savings of about 10%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSONIC speeds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - FORMATION flying
KW  - EULER method
N1  - Accession Number: 98910040; Ning, S. Andrew 1,2; Email Address: andrewning@alumni.stanford.edu Kroo, Ilan 1,3 Aftosmis, Michael J. 4,5 Nemec, Marian 4,6 Kless, James E. 2,4,7; Affiliation:  1: Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305  2: Member, AIAA  3: Fellow, AIAA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA  6: Senior Research Scientist, Science and Technology Corp.  7: Aerospace Engineer, Science and Technology Corp.; Source Info: Sep/Oct2014, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p1501; Subject Term: TRANSONIC speeds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: FORMATION flying; Subject Term: EULER method; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032385
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru P.
T1  - Frequency Domain Flutter Boundary Computations Using Navier-Stokes Equations on Superclusters.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/09//Sep/Oct2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1640
EP  - 1642
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper develops an approach for efficiently computing the flutter boundaries by the Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-based frequency domain (FD) approach using parallel computers. Topics covered include solution procedure on parallel computers using an eigenvalue approach and demonstration of flutter boundary computations.
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - PARALLEL computers
KW  - EIGENVALUES
N1  - Accession Number: 98910052; Guruswamy, Guru P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Fundamental Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division; Source Info: Sep/Oct2014, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p1640; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: PARALLEL computers; Subject Term: EIGENVALUES; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032126
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sujidkul, Thanyawalai
AU  - Smith, Craig E.
AU  - Ma, Zhijun
AU  - Morscher, Gregory N.
AU  - Xia, Zhenhai
T1  - Correlating Electrical Resistance Change with Mechanical Damage in Woven SiC/ SiC Composites: Experiment and Modeling.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 97
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2936
EP  - 2942
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Silicon carbide ( SiC) fiber-reinforced SiC matrix composites are inherently multifunctional materials. In addition to their primary function as a structural material, the electric properties of the SiC/ SiC composites could be used for the sensing and monitoring of in situ damage nucleation and evolution. To detect damage and use that information to further predict the useful life of a particular component, it is necessary to establish the relationship between damage and electrical resistance change. Here, two typical SiC/ SiC composites, melt infiltrated ( MI), and chemical vapor infiltrated ( CVI) woven SiC/ SiC composites, were tested to establish the relationship between the electrical response and mechanical damage in unload-reload tensile hysteresis tests. Compared to the 55% resistance increase seen for CVI composites, the MI SiC/ SiC composites exhibit a maximum resistance change in 450% in response to mechanical loading (damage), which is the highest sensitivity known among various composites. An analytic model accounting for fiber breakage and matrix cracks was developed to link the electrical resistance to mechanical damage in the composites. The predictions from the models agree well with the experimental data for both composites with high and low conductive matrices. The residual resistance change after unloading is also correlated to the loading history by the analytical relationship. This study demonstrates that resistance change is sensitive to damage in a predictable manner and can be used to improve the reliability of damage assessment of SiC/ SiC composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - WOVEN composites
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - PREDICTION models
N1  - Accession Number: 97873875; Sujidkul, Thanyawalai 1 Smith, Craig E. 2 Ma, Zhijun 3 Morscher, Gregory N. 1 Xia, Zhenhai 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Ceramics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center  3: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology  4: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 97 Issue 9, p2936; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: WOVEN composites; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jace.13019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeHaven, Stanton
AU  - Wincheski, Russell
AU  - Albin, Sacharia
T1  - Anthracene Fibers Grown in a Microstructured Optical Fiber for X-ray Detection.
JO  - Materials (1996-1944)
JF  - Materials (1996-1944)
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 6291
EP  - 6303
SN  - 19961944
AB  - Anthracene fibers are grown inside a microstructured quartz matrix to form a multicore optical fiber for X-ray detection. A modified fiber growth method for single crystal anthracene from the melt via the Bridgman-Stockbarger technique is presented. The anthracene fiber is characterized by using spectrophotometry, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. These results show the anthracene grown in fiber has high purity and a crystal structure similar to anthracene grown from liquid, vapor, and melt techniques. As an X-ray detector, the output is 12%-16% efficient between the energy ranges of 40 and 10 keV. The effect of materials and fiber processing are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTHRACENE
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - OPTICAL fibers
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - growth from melt
KW  - optical fiber devices
KW  - organic compounds
KW  - scintillating materials
N1  - Accession Number: 98584680; DeHaven, Stanton 1; Email Address: stanton.l.dehaven@nasa.gov Wincheski, Russell 1; Email Address: russell.a.wincheski@nasa.gov Albin, Sacharia 2; Email Address: salbin@nsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology and Biomedical Sciences, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 7 Issue 9, p6291; Subject Term: ANTHRACENE; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: OPTICAL fibers; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: growth from melt; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical fiber devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: organic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: scintillating materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/ma7096291
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98584680&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Jin Hyung
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Yu, Chong Gun
AU  - Park, Jong Tae
T1  - Hot carrier and PBTI induced degradation in silicon nanowire gate-all-around SONOS MOSFETs.
JO  - Microelectronics Reliability
JF  - Microelectronics Reliability
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 54
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2325
EP  - 2328
SN  - 00262714
AB  - Hot carrier and PBTI induced device degradation in nanowire gate-all-around SONOS MOSFETs with a height of 10 nm have been investigated with different widths and stress temperatures. The experimental data show that PBTI and hot carrier degradation are more significant in narrow devices than in wide devices. The possible degradation mechanisms for more significant hot carrier effects in narrow devices and at high stress temperatures are discussed. From the comparison of hot carrier and PBTI degradation as a function of widths, the dominant component for the drain current degradation has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microelectronics Reliability is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON nanowires
KW  - ACOUSTIC microscopy
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Gate-all-around MOSFET
KW  - Hot carrier effects
KW  - PBTI
KW  - Silicon naowire
N1  - Accession Number: 99232022; Choi, Jin Hyung 1 Han, Jin-Woo 2 Yu, Chong Gun 1 Park, Jong Tae 1; Email Address: jtpark@incheon.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, #119 Academi-Ro Yoonsu-Gu, Incheon 406 772, Republic of Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 54 Issue 9/10, p2325; Subject Term: SILICON nanowires; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC microscopy; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Gate-all-around MOSFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hot carrier effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: PBTI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon naowire; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.microrel.2014.07.044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99232022&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGillivray, Duncan A.
AU  - Cravey, Robin L.
AU  - Dudley, Kenneth L.
AU  - Vedeler, Erik
AU  - Gupta, Mool C.
T1  - Polarization properties of a 2-D split ring resonator and rod type metamaterial lens.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 56
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2146
EP  - 2150
SN  - 08952477
AB  - ABSTRACT The polarization state of microwave (MW) radiation transmitted through a 2-D split ring resonator and rod metamaterial (MTM) lens is investigated. At a resonance frequency of 3.63 GHz, the 2-D lens modifies the polarization state of the incident radiation. For Ey incident polarization, the transmitted wave exhibits elliptical polarization as well as a tilt in the principal axis. The ellipticity is dependent on the incident polarization angle. A Ex polarized incident MW is unaffected. Transformation of polarization properties plays an important role for manipulation and control of MW radiation, impacting existing applications and providing opportunities for novel MTMs-based sensors and other applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:2146-2150, 2014 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - RESONATORS
KW  - METAMATERIALS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - MICROWAVE optics
KW  - metamaterial lens
KW  - metamaterials
KW  - polarization
KW  - sensors
KW  - split ring resonators
KW  - transmission
N1  - Accession Number: 96730617; McGillivray, Duncan A. 1 Cravey, Robin L. 2 Dudley, Kenneth L. 2 Vedeler, Erik 2 Gupta, Mool C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia  2: Electromagnetics and Sensors Branch, NASA - Langley Research Center; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 56 Issue 9, p2146; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: RESONATORS; Subject Term: METAMATERIALS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: MICROWAVE optics; Author-Supplied Keyword: metamaterial lens; Author-Supplied Keyword: metamaterials; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: split ring resonators; Author-Supplied Keyword: transmission; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.28547
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96730617&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chestnut, Tara
AU  - Anderson, Chauncey
AU  - Popa, Radu
AU  - Blaustein, Andrew R.
AU  - Voytek, Mary
AU  - Olson, Deanna H.
AU  - Kirshtein, Julie
T1  - Heterogeneous Occupancy and Density Estimates of the Pathogenic Fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in Waters of North America.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2014/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Biodiversity losses are occurring worldwide due to a combination of stressors. For example, by one estimate, 40% of amphibian species are vulnerable to extinction, and disease is one threat to amphibian populations. The emerging infectious disease chytridiomycosis, caused by the aquatic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), is a contributor to amphibian declines worldwide. Bd research has focused on the dynamics of the pathogen in its amphibian hosts, with little emphasis on investigating the dynamics of free-living Bd. Therefore, we investigated patterns of Bd occupancy and density in amphibian habitats using occupancy models, powerful tools for estimating site occupancy and detection probability. Occupancy models have been used to investigate diseases where the focus was on pathogen occurrence in the host. We applied occupancy models to investigate free-living Bd in North American surface waters to determine Bd seasonality, relationships between Bd site occupancy and habitat attributes, and probability of detection from water samples as a function of the number of samples, sample volume, and water quality. We also report on the temporal patterns of Bd density from a 4-year case study of a Bd-positive wetland. We provide evidence that Bd occurs in the environment year-round. Bd exhibited temporal and spatial heterogeneity in density, but did not exhibit seasonality in occupancy. Bd was detected in all months, typically at less than 100 zoospores L−1. The highest density observed was ∼3 million zoospores L−1. We detected Bd in 47% of sites sampled, but estimated that Bd occupied 61% of sites, highlighting the importance of accounting for imperfect detection. When Bd was present, there was a 95% chance of detecting it with four samples of 600 ml of water or five samples of 60 mL. Our findings provide important baseline information to advance the study of Bd disease ecology, and advance our understanding of amphibian exposure to free-living Bd in aquatic habitats over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PATHOGENIC fungi
KW  - AQUATIC microbiology
KW  - FUNGI diversity
KW  - AMPHIBIAN declines
KW  - HOST-fungus relationships
KW  - BATRACHOCHYTRIUM dendrobatidis
KW  - NORTH America
KW  - Aquatic environments
KW  - Biogeography
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Conservation science
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Ecology
KW  - Ecology and environmental sciences
KW  - Freshwater environments
KW  - Marine and aquatic sciences
KW  - Mathematical and statistical techniques
KW  - Microbial ecology
KW  - Mycology
KW  - Organisms
KW  - Probability estimation
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
N1  - Accession Number: 98617886; Chestnut, Tara 1,2; Email Address: chestnut@usgs.gov Anderson, Chauncey 2 Popa, Radu 3 Blaustein, Andrew R. 4 Voytek, Mary 5 Olson, Deanna H. 6 Kirshtein, Julie 7; Affiliation:  1: Oregon State University, Environmental Science Graduate Program, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America  2: US Geological Survey, Oregon Water Science Center, Portland, Oregon, United States of America  3: Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America  4: Oregon State University, Department of Integrative Biology, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America  5: Astrobiology Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Headquarters, Washington DC, United States of America  6: US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America  7: US Geological Survey, National Research Program, Reston, Virginia, United States of America; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 9 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: PATHOGENIC fungi; Subject Term: AQUATIC microbiology; Subject Term: FUNGI diversity; Subject Term: AMPHIBIAN declines; Subject Term: HOST-fungus relationships; Subject Term: BATRACHOCHYTRIUM dendrobatidis; Subject Term: NORTH America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aquatic environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biogeography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conservation science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ecology and environmental sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Freshwater environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marine and aquatic sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical and statistical techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mycology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probability estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0106790
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98617886&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Requirements and limits for life in the context of exoplanets.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2014/09/02/
VL  - 111
IS  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 12628
EP  - 12633
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The requirements for life on Earth, its elemental composition, and its environmental limits provide a way to assess the habitability of exoplanets. Temperature is key both because of its influence on liquid water and because it can be directly estimated from orbital and climate models of exoplanetary systems. Life can grow and reproduce at temperatures as low as -15 °C, and as high as 122 °C. Studies of life in extreme deserts show that on a dry world, even a small amount of rain, fog, snow, and even atmospheric humidity can be adequate for photosynthetic production producing a small but detectable microbial community. Life is able to use light at levels less than 10-5 of the solar flux at Earth. UV or ionizing radiation can be tolerated by many microorganisms at very high levels and is unlikely to be life limiting on an exoplanet. Biologically available nitrogen may limit habitability. Levels of O2 over a few percent on an exoplanet would be consistent with the presence of multicellular organisms and high levels of O2 on Earth-like worlds indicate oxygenic photosynthesis. Other factors such as pH and salinity are likely to vary and not limit life over an entire planet or moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - extremophiles
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 98176323; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 9/2/2014, Vol. 111 Issue 35, p12628; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: extremophiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1304212111
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
T1  - Exploring exoplanet populations with NASA's Kepler Mission.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2014/09/02/
VL  - 111
IS  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 12647
EP  - 12654
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The Kepler Mission is exploring the diversity of planets and planetary systems. Its legacy will be a catalog of discoveries sufficient for computing planet occurrence rates as a function of size, orbital period, star type, and insolation flux. The mission has made significant progress toward achieving that goal. Over 3,500 transiting exoplanets have been identified from the analysis of the first 3 y of data, 100 planets of which are in the habitable zone. The catalog has a high reliability rate (85-90% averaged over the period/radius plane), which is improving as follow-up observations continue. Dynamical (e.g., velocimetry and transit timing) and statistical methods have confirmed and characterized hundreds of planets over a large range of sizes and compositions for both single- and multiple-star systems. Population studies suggest that planets abound in our galaxy and that small planets are particularly frequent. Here, I report on the progress Kepler has made measuring the prevalence of exoplanets orbiting within one astronomical unit of their host stars in support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's long-term goal of finding habitable environments beyond the solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - planet detection
KW  - transit photometry
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 98176326; Batalha, Natalie M. 1; Email Address: Natalie.M.Batalha@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, 94035 CA; Source Info: 9/2/2014, Vol. 111 Issue 35, p12647; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: transit photometry; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1304196111
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jun-Sik Yoon
AU  - Taiuk Rim
AU  - Jungsik Kim
AU  - Meyyappan, Meyya
AU  - Chang-Ki Baek
AU  - Yoon-Ha Jeong
T1  - Vertical gate-all-around junctionless nanowire transistors with asymmetric diameters and underlap lengths.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2014/09/08/
VL  - 105
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Vertical gate-all-around (GAA) junctionless nanowire transistors (JNTs) with different diameters and underlap lengths are investigated using three-dimensional device simulations. The source-side diameter determines the on-current and drain-induced barrier lowering characteristics, whereas the drain-side diameter controls the band-to-band tunneling current during off-state conditions. The JNTs with short drain-side underlap lengths decrease the source/drain series resistance but increase the off-current values, especially due to large band-gap narrowing effects at the drain extension region. Proper device design of vertical GAA JNTs considering the device structure and underlap is needed to improve both on/off and short channel characteristics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOGIC circuits
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - TUNNELING (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 98422222; Jun-Sik Yoon 1 Taiuk Rim 1 Jungsik Kim 2 Meyyappan, Meyya 2,3 Chang-Ki Baek 1,4 Yoon-Ha Jeong 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Lab, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea  2: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, South Korea; Source Info: 9/8/2014, Vol. 105 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: TUNNELING (Physics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4895030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atli, K. C.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Noebe, R. D.
T1  - Influence of tantalum additions on the microstructure and shape memory response of Ti50.5Ni24.5Pd25 high-temperature shape memory alloy.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2014/09/08/
VL  - 613
M3  - Article
SP  - 250
EP  - 258
SN  - 09215093
AB  - A Ti50.5Ni24.5Pd25 (at%) high-temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA) was alloyed with 1, 3, and 5 at% Ta additions in an effort to enhance the shape memory properties, particularly the dimensional stability for actuator applications. Thermomechanical characterization indicated that the dimensional stability of Ti50.5Ni24.5Pd25 improved significantly, but mostly for the highest Ta addition. This improvement was attributed in part to a particulate strengthening effect, since both Ti47.5Ni24.5Pd25Ta3 and Ti45.5Ni24.5Pd25Ta5 were found to have similar amounts of Ta, approximately 2.2 at%, in solid solution. However, by 5% Ta addition, the transformation temperatures decreased by about 65 °C and reductions in transformation strain and fracture resistance occurred. Consequently, among the alloys studied, Ti47.5Ni24.5Pd25Ta3 seemed to be the optimum composition with a transformation temperature around 150 °C, a transformation strain value close to that of the unalloyed composition, and improved dimensional stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - TANTALUM
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - SOLID solutions
KW  - Dimensional stability
KW  - High temperature shape memory alloys
KW  - Martensitic transformation
KW  - Shape memory response
KW  - TiNiPd
N1  - Accession Number: 97449409; Atli, K. C. 1; Email Address: kcatli@anadolu.edu.tr Karaman, I. 2 Noebe, R. D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 613, p250; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: TANTALUM; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: SOLID solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dimensional stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory response; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiNiPd; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2014.06.104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97449409&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David, Laurence P.
AU  - Lim, Jeremy
AU  - Forman, William
AU  - Vrtilek, Jan
AU  - Combes, Francoise
AU  - Salome, Philippe
AU  - Edge, Alastair
AU  - Hamer, Stephen
AU  - Jones, Christine
AU  - Sun, Ming
AU  - O'Sullivan, Ewan
AU  - Gastaldello, Fabio
AU  - Bardelli, Sandro
AU  - Temi, Pasquale
AU  - Schmitt, Henrique
AU  - Ohyama, Youichi
AU  - Mathews, William
AU  - Brighenti, Fabrizio
AU  - Giacintucci, Simona
AU  - Trung, Dinh-V
T1  - MOLECULAR GAS IN THE X-RAY BRIGHT GROUP NGC 5044 AS REVEALED BY ALMA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09/10/
VL  - 792
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - An ALMA observation of the early-type galaxy NGC 5044, which resides at the center of an X-ray bright group with a moderate cooling flow, detected 24 molecular structures within the central 2.5 kpc. The masses of the molecular structures vary from 3 × 105M☼ to 107M☼ and the CO(2-1) linewidths vary from 15 to 65 km s–1. Given the large CO(2-1) linewidths, the observed structures are likely giant molecular associations (GMAs) and not individual giant molecular clouds (GMCs). Only a few of the GMAs are spatially resolved and the average density of these GMAs yields a GMC volume filling factor of about 15%. The masses of the resolved GMAs are insufficient for them to be gravitationally bound, however, the most massive GMA does contain a less massive component with a linewidth of 5.5 km s–1 (typical of an individual virialized GMC). We also show that the GMAs cannot be pressure confined by the hot gas. Given the CO(2-1) linewidths of the GMAs (i.e., the velocity dispersion of the embedded GMCs) they should disperse on a timescale of about 12 Myr. No disk-like molecular structures are detected and all indications suggest that the molecular gas follows ballistic trajectories after condensing out of the thermally unstable hot gas. The 230 GHz luminosity of the central continuum source is 500 times greater than its low frequency radio luminosity and probably reflects a recent accretion event. The spectrum of the central continuum source also exhibits an absorption feature with a linewidth typical of an individual GMC and an infalling velocity of 250 km s–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97652944; David, Laurence P. 1; Email Address: ldavid@head.cfa.harvard.edu Lim, Jeremy 2 Forman, William 1 Vrtilek, Jan 1 Combes, Francoise 3 Salome, Philippe 4 Edge, Alastair 5 Hamer, Stephen 5 Jones, Christine 1 Sun, Ming 6 O'Sullivan, Ewan 1 Gastaldello, Fabio 7 Bardelli, Sandro 7 Temi, Pasquale 8 Schmitt, Henrique 9 Ohyama, Youichi 10 Mathews, William 11 Brighenti, Fabrizio 12 Giacintucci, Simona 13 Trung, Dinh-V 14; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong  3: Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, CNRS, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France  4: LERMA Observatoire de paris, CNRS, 61 rue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France  5: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  6: Department of Physics, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA  7: INAF - IASF-Milano, Via E. Bassini 15, I-20133 Milano, Italy  8: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA  10: Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taiwan  11: University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  12: Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universit di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy  13: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  14: Institute of Physics, Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, 10 DaoTan Street, BaDinh, Hanoi, Vietnam; Source Info: 9/10/2014, Vol. 792 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/792/2/94
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deacon, Niall R.
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Magnier, Eugene A.
AU  - Aller, Kimberly M.
AU  - Best, William M. J.
AU  - Dupuy, Trent
AU  - Bowler, Brendan P.
AU  - Mann, Andrew W.
AU  - Redstone, Joshua A.
AU  - Burgett, William S.
AU  - Chambers, Kenneth C.
AU  - Draper, Peter W.
AU  - Flewelling, H.
AU  - Hodapp, Klaus W.
AU  - Kaiser, Nick
AU  - Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter
AU  - Morgan, Jeff S.
AU  - Metcalfe, Nigel
AU  - Price, Paul A.
AU  - Tonry, John L.
T1  - WIDE COOL AND ULTRACOOL COMPANIONS TO NEARBY STARS FROM Pan-STARRS 1.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09/10/
VL  - 792
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery of 57 wide (>5″) separation, low-mass (stellar and substellar) companions to stars in the solar neighborhood identified from Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1) data and the spectral classification of 31 previously known companions. Our companions represent a selective subsample of promising candidates and span a range in spectral type of K7-L9 with the addition of one DA white dwarf. These were identified primarily from a dedicated common proper motion search around nearby stars, along with a few as serendipitous discoveries from our Pan-STARRS 1 brown dwarf search. Our discoveries include 23 new L dwarf companions and one known L dwarf not previously identified as a companion. The primary stars around which we searched for companions come from a list of bright stars with well-measured parallaxes and large proper motions from the Hipparcos catalog (8583 stars, mostly A-K dwarfs) and fainter stars from other proper motion catalogs (79170 stars, mostly M dwarfs). We examine the likelihood that our companions are chance alignments between unrelated stars and conclude that this is unlikely for the majority of the objects that we have followed-up spectroscopically. We also examine the entire population of ultracool (>M7) dwarf companions and conclude that while some are loosely bound, most are unlikely to be disrupted over the course of ∼10 Gyr. Our search increases the number of ultracool M dwarf companions wider than 300 AU by 88% and increases the number of L dwarf companions in the same separation range by 82%. Finally, we resolve our new L dwarf companion to HIP 6407 into a tight (0.″13, 7.4 AU) L1+T3 binary, making the system a hierarchical triple. Our search for these key benchmarks against which brown dwarf and exoplanet atmosphere models are tested has yielded the largest number of discoveries to date. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF galaxies
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - STARS
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
N1  - Accession Number: 97652947; Deacon, Niall R. 1,2; Email Address: deacon@mpia. de Liu, Michael C. 2,3 Magnier, Eugene A. 2 Aller, Kimberly M. 2 Best, William M. J. 2 Dupuy, Trent 4,5 Bowler, Brendan P. 2,6,7,8 Mann, Andrew W. 9 Redstone, Joshua A. 10 Burgett, William S. 2 Chambers, Kenneth C. 2 Draper, Peter W. 11 Flewelling, H. 2 Hodapp, Klaus W. 12 Kaiser, Nick 2 Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter 2 Morgan, Jeff S. 2 Metcalfe, Nigel 11 Price, Paul A. 13 Tonry, John L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  5: Hubble Fellow.  6: California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.  8: Caltech Joint Center for Planetary Astronomy Fellow.  9: Harlan J. Smith Fellow, Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  10: Equatine Labs, 89 Antrim Street, #2, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  11: Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  12: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, 640 North Aohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  13: Princeton University Observatory, 4 Ivy Lane, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Source Info: 9/10/2014, Vol. 792 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: DWARF galaxies; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/792/2/119
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D.
AU  - Segura, Antígona
AU  - Claire, Mark W.
AU  - Robinson, Tyler D.
AU  - Meadows, Victoria S.
T1  - ABIOTIC OZONE AND OXYGEN IN ATMOSPHERES SIMILAR TO PREBIOTIC EARTH.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09/10/
VL  - 792
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The search for life on planets outside our solar system will use spectroscopic identification of atmospheric biosignatures. The most robust remotely detectable potential biosignature is considered to be the detection of oxygen (O2) or ozone (O3) simultaneous to methane (CH4) at levels indicating fluxes from the planetary surface in excess of those that could be produced abiotically. Here we use an altitude-dependent photochemical model with the enhanced lower boundary conditions necessary to carefully explore abiotic O2 and O3 production on lifeless planets with a wide variety of volcanic gas fluxes and stellar energy distributions. On some of these worlds, we predict limited O2 and O3 buildup, caused by fast chemical production of these gases. This results in detectable abiotic O3 and CH4 features in the UV-visible, but no detectable abiotic O2 features. Thus, simultaneous detection of O3 and CH4 by a UV-visible mission is not a strong biosignature without proper contextual information. Discrimination between biological and abiotic sources of O2 and O3 is possible through analysis of the stellar and atmospheric context—particularly redox state and O atom inventory—of the planet in question. Specifically, understanding the spectral characteristics of the star and obtaining a broad wavelength range for planetary spectra should allow more robust identification of false positives for life. This highlights the importance of wide spectral coverage for future exoplanet characterization missions. Specifically, discrimination between true and false positives may require spectral observations that extend into infrared wavelengths and provide contextual information on the planet's atmospheric chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABIOTIC environment (Ecology)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - STARS
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 97652911; Domagal-Goldman, Shawn D. 1,2; Email Address: shawn.goldman@nasa.gov Segura, Antígona 2,3 Claire, Mark W. 2,4 Robinson, Tyler D. 2,5 Meadows, Victoria S. 2,6; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute—Virtual Planetary Laboratory, USA  3: Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Interior S/N, C.U. A.P. 70-543, Mexico, DF 04530, Mexico  4: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS N245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195-1580, USA; Source Info: 9/10/2014, Vol. 792 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ABIOTIC environment (Ecology); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/792/2/90
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97652911&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Upton, Lisa
AU  - Hathaway, David H.
T1  - EFFECTS OF MERIDIONAL FLOW VARIATIONS ON SOLAR CYCLES 23 AND 24.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09/10/
VL  - 792
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The faster meridional flow that preceded the solar cycle 23/24 minimum is thought to have led to weaker polar field strengths, producing the extended solar minimum and the unusually weak cycle 24. To determine the impact of meridional flow variations on the sunspot cycle, we have simulated the Sun's surface magnetic field evolution with our newly developed surface flux transport model. We investigate three different cases: a constant average meridional flow, the observed time-varying meridional flow, and a time-varying meridional flow in which the observed variations from the average have been doubled. Comparison of these simulations shows that the variations in the meridional flow over cycle 23 have a significant impact (∼20%) on the polar fields. However, the variations produced polar fields that were stronger than they would have been otherwise. We propose that the primary cause of the extended cycle 23/24 minimum and weak cycle 24 was the weakness of cycle 23 itself—with fewer sunspots, there was insufficient flux to build a big cycle. We also find that any polar counter-cells in the meridional flow (equatorward flow at high latitudes) produce flux concentrations at mid-to-high latitudes that are not consistent with observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUN
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - SUNSPOTS
KW  - SOLAR activity
N1  - Accession Number: 97652927; Upton, Lisa 1,2; Email Address: lisa.a.upton@vanderbilt.edu, lar0009@uah.edu Hathaway, David H. 3; Email Address: david.hathaway@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  2: Center for Space Physics and Aeronomy Research, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/10/2014, Vol. 792 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: SUNSPOTS; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/792/2/142
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Satyal, S.
AU  - Hinse, T. C.
AU  - Quarles, B.
AU  - Noyola, J. P.
T1  - Chaotic dynamics of the planet in HD 196885 AB.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/09/11/
VL  - 443
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1310
EP  - 1318
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Depending on the planetary orbit around the host star(s), a planet could orbit either one or both stars in a binary system as S type or P type, respectively. We have analysed the dynamics of the S-type planetary system in HD 196885 AB with an emphasis on a planet with a higher orbital inclination relative to the binary plane. The mean exponential growth factor of nearby orbits (MEGNO) maps are used as an indicator to determine regions of periodicity and chaos for the various choices of the planet's semimajor axis, eccentricity and inclination with respect to the previously determined observational uncertainties. We have quantitatively mapped out the chaotic and quasi-periodic regions of the system's phase space which indicate a likely regime of the planet's inclination. In addition, we inspect the resonant angle to determine whether alternation between libration and circulation occurs as a consequence of Kozai oscillations, a probable mechanism that can drive the planetary orbit to a very large inclination. Also, we demonstrate the possible higher mass limit of the planet and improve upon the current dynamical model based on our analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - celestial mechanics
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: individual: HD 196885
N1  - Accession Number: 97547202; Satyal, S. 1 Hinse, T. C. 2,3 Quarles, B. 4 Noyola, J. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: The Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA  2: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 304-358 Daejeon, Republic of Korea  3: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, BT61 9DG Armagh, UK  4: Space Science and Astrobiology Division 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 443 Issue 2, p1310; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HD 196885; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yunsong Xie
AU  - Xin Fan
AU  - Wilson, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Simons, Rainee N.
AU  - Yunpeng Chen
AU  - Xiao, John Q.
T1  - A universal electromagnetic energy conversion adapter based on a metamaterial absorber.
JO  - Scientific Reports
JF  - Scientific Reports
Y1  - 2014/09/12/
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 20452322
AB  - On the heels of metamaterial absorbers (MAs) which produce near perfect electromagnetic (EM) absorption and emission, we propose a universal electromagnetic energy conversion adapter (UEECA) based on MA. By choosing the appropriate energy converting sensors, the UEECA is able to achieve near 100% signal transfer ratio between EM energy and various forms of energy such as thermal, DC electric, or higher harmonic EM energy. The inherited subwavelength dimension and the EM field intensity enhancement can further empower UEECA in many critical applications such as energy harvesting, photoconductive antennas, and nonlinear optics. The principle of UEECA is understood with a transmission line model, which further provides a design strategy that can incorporate a variety of energy conversion devices. The concept is experimentally validated at a microwave frequency with a signal transfer ratio of 96% by choosing an RF diode as the energy converting sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAMATERIALS
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - ENERGY harvesting
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - MICROWAVE frequency converters
KW  - ENERGY conversion
N1  - Accession Number: 98280908; Yunsong Xie 1 Xin Fan 1 Wilson, Jeffrey D. 2 Simons, Rainee N. 2 Yunpeng Chen 1 Xiao, John Q. 1; Email Address: jqx@udel.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics andAstronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 USA  2: Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Cleveland, Ohio 44135 USA; Source Info: 9/12/2014, p1; Subject Term: METAMATERIALS; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: ENERGY harvesting; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: MICROWAVE frequency converters; Subject Term: ENERGY conversion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/srep06301
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Sleep, Norman H.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Lupu, Roxana E.
T1  - Terrestrial aftermath of the Moon-forming impact.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2014/09/13/
VL  - 372
IS  - 2024
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 2
EP  - 2
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - Much of the Earth's mantle was melted in the Moon-forming impact. Gases that were not partially soluble in the melt, such as water and CO2, formed a thick, deep atmosphere surrounding the post-impact Earth. This atmosphere was opaque to thermal radiation, allowing heat to escape to space only at the runaway greenhouse threshold of approximately 100 W m-2. The duration of this runaway greenhouse stage was limited to approximately 10 Myr by the internal energy and tidal heating, ending with a partially crystalline uppermost mantle and a solid deep mantle. At this point, the crust was able to cool efficiently and solidified at the surface. After the condensation of the water ocean, approximately 100 bar of CO2 remained in the atmosphere, creating a solar-heated greenhouse, while the surface cooled to approximately 500 K. Almost all this CO2 had to be sequestered by subduction into the mantle by 3.8 Ga, when the geological record indicates the presence of life and hence a habitable environment. The deep CO2 sequestration into the mantle could be explained by a rapid subduction of the old oceanic crust, such that the top of the crust would remain cold and retain its CO2. Kinematically, these episodes would be required to have both fast subduction (and hence seafloor spreading) and old crust. Hadean oceanic crust that formed from hot mantle would have been thicker than modern crust, and therefore only old crust underlain by cool mantle lithosphere could subduct. Once subduction started, the basaltic crust would turn into dense eclogite, increasing the rate of subduction. The rapid subduction would stop when the young partially frozen crust from the rapidly spreading ridge entered the subduction zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - MOON
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - ORIGIN
KW  - MANTLE
KW  - 142Nd
KW  - CO2 subduction
KW  - Hadean
KW  - magma ocean
KW  - planetary habitability
KW  - runaway greenhouse
N1  - Accession Number: 97468183; Sleep, Norman H. 1; Email Address: norm@stanford.edu Zahnle, Kevin J. 2 Lupu, Roxana E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/13/2014, Vol. 372 Issue 2024, p2; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Subject Term: ORIGIN; Subject Term: MANTLE; Author-Supplied Keyword: 142Nd; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2 subduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hadean; Author-Supplied Keyword: magma ocean; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: runaway greenhouse; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract; Full Text Word Count: 352
L3  - 10.1098/rsta.2013.0172
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gupta, Rakesh K.
AU  - Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
T1  - Label-free detection of C-reactive protein using a carbon nanofiber based biosensor.
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2014/09/15/
VL  - 59
M3  - Article
SP  - 112
EP  - 119
SN  - 09565663
AB  - Abstract: We report the sensitive detection of C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker for cardiac disease, using a carbon nanofiber based biosensor platform. Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers were grown using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition to fabricate nanoelectrode arrays in a 3×3 configuration. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used for the CRP detection. The CV responses show a 25% reduction in redox current upon the immobilization of anti-CRP on the electrode where as a 30% increase in charge transfer resistance is seen from EIS. Further reduction in redox current and increase in charge transfer resistance result from binding of CRP on anti-CRP immobilized surface, proportional to the concentration of the CRP target. The detection limit of the sensor is found to be ~90pM or ~11ng/ml, which is in the clinically relevant range. Control tests using non-specific myoglobin antigen confirmed the specificity of the present approach. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - C-reactive protein
KW  - PROTEINS -- Analysis
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - HEART diseases -- Diagnosis
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - Biosensors
KW  - Carbon nanofibers
KW  - Electrical impedance spectroscopy etc.
KW  - Nanoelectrode array
N1  - Accession Number: 96187001; Gupta, Rakesh K. 1,2 Periyakaruppan, Adaikkappan 1,3 Meyyappan, M. 1 Koehne, Jessica E. 1; Email Address: Jessica.E.Koehne@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Electronics, G. G. M. Science College, Jammu Tawi, 18004, J&K, India  3: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 59, p112; Subject Term: C-reactive protein; Subject Term: PROTEINS -- Analysis; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: HEART diseases -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanofibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical impedance spectroscopy etc.; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoelectrode array; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bios.2014.03.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mattioda, Andrew L.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Bregman, Jonathan D.
AU  - Hudgins, Douglas M.
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
T1  - Infrared vibrational and electronic transitions in the dibenzopolyacene family.
JO  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2014/09/15/
VL  - 130
M3  - Article
SP  - 639
EP  - 652
SN  - 13861425
AB  - Highlights: [•] Experimental spectra in the mid- and near-IR and DFT calculations for the vibrational and electronic spectra are reported. [•] Good agreement between theory and experiment for the vibrational frequencies of the neutral species. [•] The intensity of the 1440cm−1 band grows with molecular size. [•] B3LYP fails for ions, BP86 is in reasonable agreement with experiment. [•] The large molecules show electronic transitions in the mid-IR and theory gives insight into these transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomolecular Spectroscopy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - ACENES
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - ELECTRONIC spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR size
KW  - DFT
KW  - Electronic transitions
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Matrix isolation
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - Vibrational spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 96247352; Mattioda, Andrew L. 1; Email Address: Andrew.Mattioda@nasa.gov Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Bregman, Jonathan D. 1 Hudgins, Douglas M. 1 Allamandola, Louis J. 1 Ricca, Alessandra 2; Email Address: Alessandra.Ricca-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 130, p639; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: ACENES; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR size; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic transitions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Matrix isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vibrational spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Dawson, Rebekah I.
AU  - Tremaine, Scott
T1  - Advances in exoplanet science from Kepler.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2014/09/18/
VL  - 513
IS  - 7518
M3  - Article
SP  - 336
EP  - 344
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Numerous telescopes and techniques have been used to find and study extrasolar planets, but none has been more successful than NASA's Kepler space telescope. Kepler has discovered most of the known exoplanets, the smallest planets to orbit normal stars and the planets most likely to be similar to Earth. Most importantly, Kepler has provided us with our first look at the typical characteristics of planets and planetary systems for planets with sizes as small as, and orbits as large as, those of Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 98526037; Lissauer, Jack J. 1 Dawson, Rebekah I. 2 Tremaine, Scott 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA.  2: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.  3: Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA.; Source Info: 9/18/2014, Vol. 513 Issue 7518, p336; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ORBIT; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature13781
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bolmont, Emeline
AU  - Raymond, Sean N.
AU  - von Paris, Philip
AU  - Selsis, Franck
AU  - Hersant, Franck
AU  - Quintana, Elisa V.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
T1  - FORMATION, TIDAL EVOLUTION, AND HABITABILITY OF THE KEPLER-186 SYSTEM.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09/20/
VL  - 793
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Kepler-186 system consists of five planets orbiting an early M dwarf. The planets have physical radii of 1.0-1.50 R⊕ and orbital periods of 4-130 days. The 1.1 R⊕ Kepler-186f with a period of 130 days is of particular interest. Its insolation of roughly 0.32 S⊕ places it within the surface liquid water habitable zone (HZ). We present a multifaceted study of the Kepler-186 system, using two sets of parameters which are consistent with the data and also self-consistent. First, we show that the distribution of planet masses can be roughly reproduced if the planets were accreted from a high surface density disk presumably sculpted by an earlier phase of migration. However, our simulations predict the existence of one to two undetected planets between planets e and f. Next, we present a dynamical analysis of the system including the effect of tides. The timescale for tidal evolution is short enough that the four inner planets must have small obliquities and near-synchronous rotation rates. The tidal evolution of Kepler-186f is slow enough that its current spin state depends on a combination of its initial spin state, its dissipation rate, and the stellar age. Finally, we study the habitability of Kepler-186f with a one-dimensional climate model. The planet's surface temperature can be raised above 273 K with 0.5-5 bars of CO2, depending on the amount of N2 present. Kepler-186f represents a case study of an Earth-sized planet in the cooler regions of the HZ of a cool star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KEPLER 186f
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - STARS -- Formation
N1  - Accession Number: 97930492; Bolmont, Emeline 1,2; Email Address: bolmont@obs.u-bordeaux1.fr Raymond, Sean N. 1,2 von Paris, Philip 3,4 Selsis, Franck 1,2 Hersant, Franck 1,2 Quintana, Elisa V. 5,6 Barclay, Thomas 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France  2: CNRS, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France  3: Institut für Planetenforschung, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Rutherfordstrasse 2, D-12489 Berlin, Germany  4: Current address: Univ. Bordeaux, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France and CNRS, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France  5: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/20/2014, Vol. 793 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: KEPLER 186f; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Line, Michael R.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Sorahana, Satoko
T1  - A DATA-DRIVEN APPROACH FOR RETRIEVING TEMPERATURES AND ABUNDANCES IN BROWN DWARF ATMOSPHERES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09/20/
VL  - 793
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Brown dwarf spectra contain a wealth of information about their molecular abundances, temperature structure, and gravity. We present a new data driven retrieval approach, previously used in planetary atmosphere studies, to extract the molecular abundances and temperature structure from brown dwarf spectra. The approach makes few a priori physical assumptions about the state of the atmosphere. The feasibility of the approach is first demonstrated on a synthetic brown dwarf spectrum. Given typical spectral resolutions, wavelength coverage, and noise, property precisions of tens of percent can be obtained for the molecular abundances and tens to hundreds of K on the temperature profile. The technique is then applied to the well-studied brown dwarf, Gl 570D. From this spectral retrieval, the spectroscopic radius is constrained to be 0.75-0.83 RJ, log (g) to be 5.13-5.46, and Teff to be between 804 and 849 K. Estimates for the range of abundances and allowed temperature profiles are also derived. The results from our retrieval approach are in agreement with the self-consistent grid modeling results of Saumon et al. This new approach will allow us to address issues of compositional differences between brown dwarfs and possibly their formation environments, disequilibrium chemistry, and missing physics in current grid modeling approaches as well as a many other issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - STELLAR radiation
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 97930527; Line, Michael R. 1; Email Address: mrline@ucsc.edu Fortney, Jonathan J. 1 Marley, Mark S. 2 Sorahana, Satoko 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3; Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Source Info: 9/20/2014, Vol. 793 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: STELLAR radiation; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/33
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robson, E. I.
AU  - Ivison, R. J.
AU  - Smail, Ian
AU  - Holland, W. S.
AU  - Geach, J. E.
AU  - Gibb, A. G.
AU  - Riechers, D.
AU  - Ade, P. A. R.
AU  - Bintley, D.
AU  - Bock, J.
AU  - Chapin, E. L.
AU  - Chapman, S. C.
AU  - Clements, D. L.
AU  - Conley, A.
AU  - Cooray, A.
AU  - Dunlop, J. S.
AU  - Farrah, D.
AU  - Fich, M.
AU  - Fu, Hai
AU  - Jenness, T.
T1  - IMAGING THE ENVIRONMENT OF A z = 6.3 SUBMILLIMETER GALAXY WITH SCUBA-2.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/09/20/
VL  - 793
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We describe a search for submillimeter emission in the vicinity of one of the most distant, luminous galaxies known, HerMES FLS3, at z = 6.34, exploiting it as a signpost to a potentially biased region of the early universe, as might be expected in hierarchical structure formation models. Imaging to the confusion limit with the innovative, wide-field submillimeter bolometer camera, SCUBA-2, we are sensitive to colder and/or less luminous galaxies in the surroundings of HFLS3. We use the Millennium Simulation to illustrate that HFLS3 may be expected to have companions if it is as massive as claimed, but find no significant evidence from the surface density of SCUBA-2 galaxies in its vicinity, or their colors, that HFLS3 marks an overdensity of dusty, star-forming galaxies. We cannot rule out the presence of dusty neighbors with confidence, but deeper 450 μm imaging has the potential to more tightly constrain the redshifts of nearby galaxies, at least one of which likely lies at z ≳ 5. If associations with HFLS3 can be ruled out, this could be taken as evidence that HFLS3 is less biased than a simple extrapolation of the Millennium Simulation may imply. This could suggest either that it represents a rare short-lived, but highly luminous, phase in the evolution of an otherwise typical galaxy, or that this system has suffered amplification due to a foreground gravitational lens and so is not as intrinsically luminous as claimed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
N1  - Accession Number: 97930519; Robson, E. I. 1 Ivison, R. J. 2,3; Email Address: rob.ivison@gmail.com Smail, Ian 4 Holland, W. S. 1,3 Geach, J. E. 5 Gibb, A. G. 6 Riechers, D. 7 Ade, P. A. R. 8 Bintley, D. 9 Bock, J. 10 Chapin, E. L. 11 Chapman, S. C. 12 Clements, D. L. 13 Conley, A. 14 Cooray, A. 15 Dunlop, J. S. 3 Farrah, D. 16 Fich, M. 17 Fu, Hai 15 Jenness, T. 7; Affiliation:  1: United Kingdom Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  2: European Space Observatory, Karl Schwarzschild Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  4: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  5: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  7: Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  8: Astronomy and Instrumentation Group, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3XQ, UK  9: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North Ahoku Place, University Park, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  11: XMM-Newton Science Operations Centre, European Space Astronomy Centre, Apartado 79, E-28691 Villaneueva de la Canada, Madrid, Spain  12: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Coburg Road, Halifax B3H 1A6, Canada  13: Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK  14: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  16: Department of Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA  17: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada; Source Info: 9/20/2014, Vol. 793 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/793/1/11
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haskins, Justin B.
AU  - Bennett, William R.
AU  - Wu, James J.
AU  - Hernández, Dionne M.
AU  - Borodin, Oleg
AU  - Monk, Joshua D.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Computational and Experimental Investigation of Li-DopedIonic Liquid Electrolytes: [pyr14][TFSI], [pyr13][FSI], and [EMIM][BF4].
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2014/09/25/
VL  - 118
IS  - 38
M3  - Article
SP  - 11295
EP  - 11309
SN  - 15206106
AB  - We employ molecular dynamics (MD)simulation and experiment toinvestigate the structure, thermodynamics, and transport of N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsufonyl)imide([pyr14][TFSI]), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidiniumbis(fluorosufonyl)imide ([pyr13][FSI]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumboron tetrafluoride ([EMIM][BF4]), as a function of Li-saltmole fraction (0.05 ≤ xLi+≤ 0.33) and temperature (298 K ≤ T≤ 393 K). Structurally, Li+is shown to be solvatedby three anion neighbors in [pyr14][TFSI] and four anion neighborsin both [pyr13][FSI] and [EMIM][BF4], and at all levelsof xLi+we find the presenceof lithium aggregates. Pulsed field gradient spin-echo NMR measurementsof diffusion and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurementsof ionic conductivity are made for the neat ionic liquids as wellas 0.5 molal solutions of Li-salt in the ionic liquids. Bulk ionicliquid properties (density, diffusion, viscosity, and ionic conductivity)are obtained with MD simulations and show excellent agreement withexperiment. While the diffusion exhibits a systematic decrease withincreasing xLi+, the contributionof Li+to ionic conductivity increases until reaching asaturation doping level of xLi+= 0.10. Comparatively, the Li+conductivity of [pyr14][TFSI]is an order of magnitude lower than that of the other liquids, whichrange between 0.1 and 0.3 mS/cm. Our transport results also demonstratethe necessity of long MD simulation runs (∼200 ns) to convergetransport properties at room temperature. The differences in Li+transport are reflected in the residence times of Li+with the anions (τLi/–), which arerevealed to be much larger for [pyr14][TFSI] (up to 100 ns at thehighest doping levels) than in either [EMIM][BF4] or [pyr13][FSI].Finally, to comment on the relative kinetics of Li+transportin each liquid, we find that while the net motion of Li+with its solvation shell (vehicular) significantly contributes tonet diffusion in all liquids, the importance of transport throughanion exchange increases at high xLi+and in liquids with large anions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL chemistry
KW  - IONIC liquids
KW  - DOPING agents (Chemistry)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - CHEMICAL structure
N1  - Accession Number: 98616706; Haskins, Justin B. 1 Bennett, William R. 1 Wu, James J. 1 Hernández, Dionne M. 1 Borodin, Oleg 1 Monk, Joshua D. 1 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1 Lawson, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: †ERC Inc., Thermal Protection Materialsand Systems Branch, ‡Entry Systems andTechnology Division, and §Thermal Protection Materials and Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Source Info: Sep2014, Vol. 118 Issue 38, p11295; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL chemistry; Subject Term: IONIC liquids; Subject Term: DOPING agents (Chemistry); Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL structure; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thumm, Tracy
AU  - Robinson, Julie A.
AU  - Alleyne, Camille
AU  - Hasbrook, Pete
AU  - Mayo, Susan
AU  - Buckley, Nicole
AU  - Johnson-Green, Perry
AU  - Karabadzhak, George
AU  - Kamigaichi, Shigeki
AU  - Umemura, Sayaka
AU  - Sorokin, Igor V.
AU  - Zell, Martin
AU  - Istasse, Eric
AU  - Sabbagh, Jean
AU  - Pignataro, Salvatore
T1  - International space station accomplishments update: Scientific discovery, advancing future exploration, and benefits brought home to earth.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 235
EP  - 242
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Throughout the history of the International Space Station (ISS), crews on board have conducted a variety of scientific research and educational activities. Well into the second year of full utilization of the ISS laboratory, the trend of scientific accomplishments and educational opportunities continues to grow. More than 1500 investigations have been conducted on the ISS since the first module launched in 1998, with over 700 scientific publications. The ISS provides a unique environment for research, international collaboration and educational activities that benefit humankind. This paper will provide an up to date summary of key investigations, facilities, publications, and benefits from ISS research that have developed over the past year. Discoveries in human physiology and nutrition have enabled astronauts to return from ISS with little bone loss, even as scientists seek to better understand the new puzzle of “ocular syndrome” affecting the vision of up to half of astronauts. The geneLAB campaign will unify life sciences investigations to seek genomic, proteomic and metabolomics of the effect of microgravity on life as a whole. Combustion scientists identified a new “cold flame” phenomenon that has the potential to improve models of efficient combustion back on Earth. A significant number of instruments in Earth remote sensing and astrophysics are providing new access to data or nearing completion for launch, making ISS a significant platform for understanding of the Earth system and the universe. In addition to multidisciplinary research, the ISS partnership conducts a myriad of student led research investigations and educational activities aimed at increasing student interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). Over the past year, the ISS partnership compiled new statistics of the educational impact of the ISS on students around the world. More than 43 million students, from kindergarten to graduate school, with more than 28 million teachers located in 49 countries have participated in some aspect of ISS educational activities. These activities include student-developed investigations, education competitions and classroom versions of ISS investigations, participating in ISS investigator experiments, ISS hardware development, educational demonstrations and cultural activities. Through the many inquiry-based educational activities, students and teachers are encouraged to participate in the ISS program thus motivating the next generation of students to pursue careers in STEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISCOVERIES in science
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - Benefits
KW  - ISS
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Research
KW  - STEM
KW  - Utilization
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 97846984; Thumm, Tracy 1; Email Address: tracy.thumm-1@nasa.gov Robinson, Julie A. 2; Email Address: julie.a.robinson@nasa.gov Alleyne, Camille 2; Email Address: camille.alleyne@nasa.gov Hasbrook, Pete 2; Email Address: pete.hasbrook@nasa.gov Mayo, Susan 1; Email Address: susan.mayo@nasa.gov Buckley, Nicole 3; Email Address: nicole.buckley@asc-csa.gc.ca Johnson-Green, Perry 3; Email Address: perry.johnson-green@asc-csa.gc.ca Karabadzhak, George 4; Email Address: gfk@tsniimash.ru Kamigaichi, Shigeki 5; Email Address: kamigaichi.shigeki@jaxa.jp Umemura, Sayaka 5; Email Address: umemura.sayaka@jaxa.jp Sorokin, Igor V. 6; Email Address: igor.v.sorokin@rsce.ru Zell, Martin 7; Email Address: martin.zell@esa.int Istasse, Eric 7; Email Address: eric.istasse@esa.int Sabbagh, Jean 8; Email Address: jean.sabbagh@asi.it Pignataro, Salvatore 8; Email Address: salvatore.pignataro@asi.it; Affiliation:  1: Mission and Program Integration Contract, Barrios Technology Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Johnson Space Center Houston, TX, United States  3: Canadian Space Agency Saint-Hubert, Quebec, Canada  4: Korolyov (Moscow reg.), Russia  5: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) Ibaraki, Japan  6: S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia Korolev, Russia  7: European Space Agency (ESA) Noordwijk, The Netherlands  8: Italian Space Agency (ASI), Rome, Italy; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 103, p235; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in science; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Benefits; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: STEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Utilization; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.06.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A. E.
T1  - Toward a Comprehensive Model of Jet Noise Using an Acoustic Analogy.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 52
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2143
EP  - 2164
SN  - 00011452
AB  - An acoustic analogy is developed to predict the noise from jet flows. It contains two source models that independently predict the noise from turbulence and shock wave shear layer interactions. The acoustic analogy is based on the Euler equations and separates the sources from propagation. Propagation effects are taken into account by approximating the vector Green's function of the linearized Euler equations with the use of a locally parallel mean flow assumption. A statistical model of the two-point cross correlation of the velocity fluctuations is used to describe the turbulence. The acoustic analogy attempts to take into account the correct scaling of the sources for a wide range of nozzle pressures and temperature ratios. It does not make assumptions regarding fine- or large-scale turbulent noise sources, self- or shear noise, or convective amplification. The acoustic analogy is partially informed by three-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions that include the nozzle geometry. The predictions are compared with experiments of jets operating subsonically through supersonically and at unheated and heated temperatures. Predictions generally capture the scaling of both mixing noise and broadband shock-associated noise for the conditions examined, but some discrepancies remain, which are due to the accuracy of the steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes turbulence model closure, the equivalent sources, and the use of a simplified vector Green's function solver of the linearized Euler equations using a locally parallel mean flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 98723884; Miller, Steven A. E. 1; Email Address: s.miller@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 52 Issue 10, p2143; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052809
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doty, Michael J.
T1  - Investigation of Twin Jet Aeroacoustic Properties near a Hybrid Wing-Body Shield.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 52
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2270
EP  - 2282
SN  - 00011452
AB  - In preparation for wind-tunnel acoustic experiments of a hybrid wing-body vehicle with two jet engine simulator units, a series of twin jet aeroacoustic investigations was conducted leading to increased understanding and risk mitigation. An existing twin jet nozzle system and a fabricated hybrid wing-body aft deck fuselage are combined for a 1.9 % model scale study of jet nozzle spacing and jet cant angle effects, elevon deflection into the jet plume, and acoustic shielding by the fuselage body. Linear and phased array microphone measurements are made, and data processing includes the use of the deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources. Closely spaced twin jets with a 5 deg inward cant angle exhibit reduced noise levels compared with their parallel flow counterparts at similar and larger nozzle spacings. A 40 deg elevon deflection into the twin jet plume, which is required for hybrid wing-body ground rotation, can significantly increase upstream noise levels (more than 5 dB overall sound pressure level) with only minimal increases in the downstream direction. Lastly, deconvolution approach for the mapping of acoustic sources processing can resolve the noise source distribution of multiple shielded jet sources within the limits of the incoherent source assumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - JET nozzles
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 98723894; Doty, Michael J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 52 Issue 10, p2270; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: JET nozzles; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052783
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Datta, Abhirup
AU  - Schenck, David E.
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
AU  - Skillman, Samuel W.
AU  - Hallman, Eric J.
T1  - HOW MUCH CAN WE LEARN FROM A MERGING COLD FRONT CLUSTER? INSIGHTS FROM X-RAY TEMPERATURE AND RADIO MAPS OF A3667.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/10//10/1/2014
VL  - 793
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The galaxy cluster A3667 is an ideal laboratory to study the plasma processes in the intracluster medium. High-resolution Chandra X-ray observations show a cold front in A3667. At radio wavelengths, A3667 reveals a double radio-relic feature in the outskirts of the cluster. These suggest multiple merger events in this cluster. In this paper, we analyze the substantial archival X-ray observations of A3667 from the ChandraX-ray Observatory and compare these with existing radio observations as well as state-of-the-art adaptive mesh refinement MHD cosmological simulations using Enzo. We have used two temperature map making techniques, weighted Voronoi tessellation and adaptive circular binning, to produce the high-resolution and largest field-of-view temperature maps of A3667. These high-fidelity temperature maps allow us to study the X-ray shocks in the cluster using a new two-dimensional shock-finding algorithm. We have also estimated the Mach numbers from the shocks inferred from previous ATCA radio observations. The combined shock statistics from the X-ray and radio data are in agreement with the shock statistics in a simulated MHD cluster. We have also studied the profiles of the thermodynamic properties across the cold front using ∼447 ks from the combined Chandra observations on A3667. Our results show that the stability of the cold front in A3667 can be attributed to the suppression of the thermal conduction across the cold front by a factor of ∼100-700 compared to the classical Spitzer value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - X-rays
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - CENTROIDAL Voronoi tessellations
KW  - CHANDRA X-ray Observatory (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 98311542; Datta, Abhirup 1,2,3; Email Address: Abhirup.Datta@colorado.edu Schenck, David E. 1 Burns, Jack O. 1,2 Skillman, Samuel W. 1,4 Hallman, Eric J. 1,5; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, C0 80309, USA  2: Lunar University Network for Astrophysics Research (LUNAR), NASA Lunar Science Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94089, USA  3: NASA Post-Doctoral Fellow.  4: DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellow.  5: Tech-X Corporation, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2014, Vol. 793 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: X-rays; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: CENTROIDAL Voronoi tessellations; Company/Entity: CHANDRA X-ray Observatory (U.S.); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/793/2/80
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - Materese, Christopher K.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - THE PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PYRIMIDINE IN REALISTIC ASTROPHYSICAL ICES AND THE PRODUCTION OF NUCLEOBASES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/10//10/1/2014
VL  - 793
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Nucleobases, together with deoxyribose/ribose and phosphoric acid, are the building blocks of DNA and RNA for all known life. The presence of nucleobase-like compounds in carbonaceous chondrites delivered to the Earth raises the question of an extraterrestrial origin for the molecules that triggered life on our planet. Whether these molecules are formed in interstellar/protostellar environments, in small parent bodies in the solar system, or both, is currently unclear. Recent experiments show that the UV irradiation of pyrimidine (C4H4N2) in H2O-rich ice mixtures that contain NH3, CH3OH, or CH4 leads to the formation of the pyrimidine-based nucleobases uracil, cytosine, and thymine. In this work, we discuss the low-temperature UV irradiation of pyrimidine in realistic astrophysical ice mixtures containing H2O, CH3OH, and NH3, with or without CH4, to search for the production of nucleobases and other prebiotic compounds. These experiments show the presence of uracil, urea, glycerol, hexamethylenetetramine, small amino acids, and small carboxylic acids in all samples. Cytosine was only found in one sample produced from ices irradiated with a higher UV dose, while thymine was not found in any sample, even after irradiation with a higher UV dose. Results are discussed to evaluate the role of the photochemistry of pyrimidine in the inventory of organic molecules detected in meteorites and their astrophysical/astrobiological implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BASE pairs
KW  - DEOXYRIBOSE
KW  - PHOSPHORIC acid
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - PYRIMIDINES
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 98311549; Nuevo, Michel 1,2; Email Address: michel.nuevo-1@nasa.gov Materese, Christopher K. 1,3 Sandford, Scott A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: BAER Institute, 625 2nd Street, Suite 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  3: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, PO Box 117, MS 36, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2014, Vol. 793 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BASE pairs; Subject Term: DEOXYRIBOSE; Subject Term: PHOSPHORIC acid; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINES; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325312 Phosphatic Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/793/2/125
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Müller, D.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Chemyakin, E.
AU  - Kolgotin, A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Cook, A. L.
AU  - Harper, D. B.
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
AU  - Hare, R. W.
AU  - Cleckner, C. S.
AU  - Obland, M. D.
AU  - Tomlinson, J.
AU  - Berg, L. K.
AU  - Schmid, B.
T1  - Airborne Multiwavelength High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) observations during TCAP 2012: vertical profiles of optical and microphysical properties of a smoke/urban haze plume over the northeastern coast of the US.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 7
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3487
EP  - 3496
SN  - 18671381
AB  - We present measurements acquired by the world's first airborne 3 backscatter (β)+2 extinction (α) High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2). HSRL-2 measures particle backscatter coefficients at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, and particle extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm. The instrument has been developed by the NASA Langley Research Center. The instrument was operated during Phase 1 of the Department of Energy (DOE) Two-Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) in July 2012. We observed pollution outflow from the northeastern coast of the US out over the western Atlantic Ocean. Lidar ratios were 50-60 sr at 355 nm and 60- 70 sr at 532 nm. Extinction-related Ångström exponents were on average 1.2-1.7, indicating comparably small particles. Our novel automated, unsupervised data inversion algorithm retrieved particle effective radii of approximately 0.2 μm, which is in agreement with the large Ångström exponents. We find good agreement with particle size parameters obtained from coincident in situ measurements carried out with the DOE Gulfstream-1 aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - HAZE
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Energy
N1  - Accession Number: 99289215; Müller, D. 1,2; Email Address: d.mueller@herts.ac.uk Hostetler, C. A. 3 Ferrare, R. A. 3 Burton, S. P. 3 Chemyakin, E. 2 Kolgotin, A. 4 Hair, J. W. 3 Cook, A. L. 3 Harper, D. B. 3 Rogers, R. R. 3 Hare, R. W. 3 Cleckner, C. S. 3 Obland, M. D. 3 Tomlinson, J. 5 Berg, L. K. 5 Schmid, B. 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Physics Instrumentation Center, Troitsk, Russia  5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 10, p3487; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926110 Administration of General Economic Programs; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-7-3487-2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Bin
AU  - Orchard, Marcos
AU  - Saha, Bhaskar
AU  - Saxena, Abhinav
AU  - Lee, Young Jin
AU  - Vachtsevanos, George
T1  - A verification framework with application to a propulsion system.
JO  - Expert Systems with Applications
JF  - Expert Systems with Applications
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 41
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 5669
EP  - 5679
SN  - 09574174
AB  - Highlights: [•] Developed a novel layered hierarchical verification scheme. [•] Built the models of a monopropellant propulsion system and conducted model verification. [•] Conducted Monte Carlo simulation for verification at component level, system level, mission level, and safety level. [•] Case studies the verification of an automated contingency management of the monopropellant propulsion system with faults occurs in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Expert Systems with Applications is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VERIFICATION (Logic)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - HEURISTIC algorithms
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - Automated contingency management (ACM)
KW  - Monte Carlo simulations
KW  - Offline verification
KW  - Propulsion systems
KW  - Runtime verification
KW  - Verification
N1  - Accession Number: 96021032; Zhang, Bin 1; Email Address: zhangbin@cec.sc.edu Orchard, Marcos 2,3; Email Address: morchard@ing.uchile.cl Saha, Bhaskar 4; Email Address: bhaskar.saha@parc.com Saxena, Abhinav 5; Email Address: abhinav.saxena@nasa.gov Lee, Young Jin 6 Vachtsevanos, George 6; Email Address: gjv@ece.gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile  3: Advanced Mining Technology Center of the Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8370451, Chile  4: Palo Alto Research Center, 3333 Coyote Hill Rd, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  5: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, CA 94035, USA  6: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 41 Issue 13, p5669; Subject Term: VERIFICATION (Logic); Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: HEURISTIC algorithms; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Automated contingency management (ACM); Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Offline verification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Runtime verification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Verification; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.eswa.2014.03.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shreiber, D.
AU  - Cravey, R.
AU  - Cole, M. W.
T1  - Numerical Simulations of a Metamaterial Based on an Array of Complex Oxide Thin Film Infinite Rods for THz Applications.
JO  - Ferroelectrics
JF  - Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 470
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 34
SN  - 00150193
AB  - Tunability of ferroelectric complex oxides is achieved by applied bias voltage. Many applications require usage of relatively low voltage which is achievable by using a ferroelectric thin-film. Recently developed dielectric metamaterials were implemented in bulk and in thick films. Metamaterials are resonant structures. The frequency range of 0.1–1.5 THz is of special interest for such applications as non-destructive evaluation of materials and detection of chemical and biological hazards. This paper numerically investigates the possibility of a resonant effect in a thin-film ferroelectric metamaterial and the effects of increased dielectric constant and thickness on the thin-film's resonance frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - METAMATERIALS
KW  - THIN films
KW  - FERROELECTRICITY
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - Complex oxide thin films
KW  - THz dielectric metamaterials
N1  - Accession Number: 99001117; Shreiber, D. 1 Cravey, R. 2 Cole, M. W. 1; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Weapons and Materials Research Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland21005  2: Electromagnetics and Sensors Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA23681; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 470 Issue 1, p28; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: METAMATERIALS; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: FERROELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Complex oxide thin films; Author-Supplied Keyword: THz dielectric metamaterials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00150193.2014.922781
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filacchione, G.
AU  - Ciarniello, M.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
AU  - Clark, R.N.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
AU  - Hedman, M.M.
AU  - Cuzzi, J.N.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Dalle Ore, C.M.
AU  - Brown, R.H.
AU  - Cerroni, P.
AU  - Altobelli, N.
AU  - Spilker, L.J.
T1  - Cassini–VIMS observations of Saturn’s main rings: I. Spectral properties and temperature radial profiles variability with phase angle and elevation.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 241
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 65
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The spectral properties and thermal behavior of Saturn’s rings are determined from a dataset of ten radial mosaics acquired by Cassini–VIMS (Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer) between October 29th 2004 and January 27th 2010 with phase angle ranging between 5.7° and 132.4° and elevation angles between −23.5° and 2.6°. These observations, after reduction to spectrograms, e.g. 2D arrays containing the VIS–IR (0.35–5.1 μm) spectral information versus radial distance from Saturn (from 73.500 to 141.375 km, 400 km/bin), allow us to compare the derived spectral and thermal properties of the ring particles on a common reference. Spectral properties: rings spectra are characterized by an intense reddening at visible wavelengths while they maintain a strong similarity with water ice in the infrared domain. Significant changes in VIS reddening, water ice abundance and grain sizes are observed across different radial regions resulting in correlation with optical depth and local structures. The availability of observations taken at very different phase angles allows us to examine spectrophotometric properties of the ring’s particles. When observed at high phase angles, a remarkable increase of visible reddening and water ice band depths is found, probably as a consequence of the presence of a red-colored contaminant intimately mixed within water ice grains and of multiple scattering. At low phases the analysis of the 3.2–3.6 μm range shows faint spectral signatures at 3.42–3.52 μm which are compatible with the CH 2 aliphatic stretch. The 3.29 μm PAH aromatic stretch absorption is not clearly detectable on this dataset. VIMS results indicate that ring particles contain about 90–95% water ice while the remaining 5–10% is consistent with different contaminants like amorphous carbon or tholins. However, we cannot exclude the presence of nanophase iron or hematite produced by iron oxidation in the rings tenuous oxygen atmosphere, intimately mixed with the ice grains. Greater pollution caused by meteoritic material is seen in the C ring and Cassini division while the low levels of aliphatic material observed by VIMS in the A and B rings particles are an evidence that they are pristine. Thermal properties: the ring-particles’ temperature is retrieved by fitting the spectral position of the 3.6 μm continuum peak observed on reflectance spectra: in case of pure water ice the position of the peak, as measured in laboratory, shifts towards shorter wavelengths when temperature decreases, moving from about 3.65 μm at 123 K to about 3.55 μm at 88 K. When applied to VIMS rings observations, this method allows us to infer the average temperature across ring regions sampled through 400 km-wide radial bins. Comparing VIMS temperature radial profiles with similar CIRS measurements acquired at the same time we have found a substantial agreement between the two instruments’ results across the A and B rings. In general VIMS measures higher temperatures than CIRS across C ring and Cassini division as a consequence of the lower optical depth and the resulting pollution that creates a deviation from pure water ice composition of these regions. VIMS results point out that across C ring and CD the 3.6 μm peak wavelength is always higher than across B and A rings and therefore C ring and CD are warmer than A and B rings. VIMS observations allow us to investigate also diurnal and seasonal effects: comparing antisolar and subsolar ansae observations we have measured higher temperature on the latter. As the solar elevation angle decreases to 0° (equinox), the peak’s position shifts at shorter wavelengths because ring’s particles becomes colder. Merging multi-wavelength data sets allow us to test different thermal models, combining the effects of particle albedo, regolith composition, grain size and thermal properties [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IR spectrometers
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - GRAIN size
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ALTITUDES
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - Ices
KW  - Saturn, rings
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 99066257; Filacchione, G. 1; Email Address: gianrico.filacchione@iaps.inaf.it Ciarniello, M. 1 Capaccioni, F. 1 Clark, R.N. 2 Nicholson, P.D. 3 Hedman, M.M. 4 Cuzzi, J.N. 5 Cruikshank, D.P. 5 Dalle Ore, C.M. 5 Brown, R.H. 6 Cerroni, P. 1 Altobelli, N. 7 Spilker, L.J. 8; Affiliation:  1: INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Area di Ricerca di Tor Vergata, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy  2: US Geological Survey, Federal Center, Denver, CO 80228, USA  3: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-0903, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  6: Lunar Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Kuiper Space Sciences 431A, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  7: ESA/ESAC, Villanueva de la Canada, Spain  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 241, p45; Subject Term: IR spectrometers; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: GRAIN size; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ALTITUDES; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eke, Vincent R.
AU  - Bartram, Sarah A.
AU  - Lane, David A.
AU  - Smith, David
AU  - Teodoro, Luis F.A.
T1  - Lunar polar craters – Icy, rough or just sloping?
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 241
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 78
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Circular Polarisation Ratio (CPR) mosaics from Mini-SAR on Chandrayaan-1 and Mini-RF on LRO are used to study craters near to the lunar north pole. The look direction of the detectors strongly affects the appearance of the crater CPR maps. Rectifying the mosaics to account for parallax also significantly changes the CPR maps of the crater interiors. It is shown that the CPRs of crater interiors in unrectified maps are biased to larger values than crater exteriors, because of a combination of the effects of parallax and incidence angle. Using the LOLA Digital Elevation Map (DEM), the variation of CPR with angle of incidence has been studied. For fresh craters, CPR ∼0.7 with only a weak dependence on angle of incidence or position interior or just exterior to the crater, consistent with dihedral scattering from blocky surface roughness. For anomalous craters, the CPR interior to the crater increases with both incidence angle and distance from the crater centre. Central crater CPRs are similar to those in the crater exteriors. CPR does not appear to correlate with temperature within craters. Furthermore, the anomalous polar craters have diameter-to-depth ratios that are lower than those of typical polar craters. These results strongly suggest that the high CPR values in anomalous polar craters are not providing evidence of significant volumes of water ice. Rather, anomalous craters are of intermediate age, and maintain sufficiently steep sides that sufficient regolith does not cover all rough surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - CIRCULAR polarization
KW  - DIGITAL elevation models
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - NORTH Pole
KW  - Ices
KW  - Moon, surface
KW  - Radar observations
KW  - CHANDRAYAAN-1 (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 99066266; Eke, Vincent R. 1; Email Address: v.r.eke@durham.ac.uk Bartram, Sarah A. 1 Lane, David A. 1 Smith, David 1 Teodoro, Luis F.A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  2: BAER, Planetary Systems Branch, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS: 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 241, p66; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: CIRCULAR polarization; Subject Term: DIGITAL elevation models; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: NORTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar observations; Company/Entity: CHANDRAYAAN-1 (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - El-Maarry, M.R.
AU  - Watters, W.
AU  - McKeown, N.K.
AU  - Carter, J.
AU  - Noe Dobrea, E.
AU  - Bishop, J.L.
AU  - Pommerol, A.
AU  - Thomas, N.
T1  - Potential desiccation cracks on Mars: A synthesis from modeling, analogue-field studies, and global observations.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 241
M3  - Article
SP  - 248
EP  - 268
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Potential desiccation polygons (PDPs) are polygonal surface patterns that are a common feature in Noachian-to-Hesperian-aged phyllosilicate- and chloride-bearing terrains and have been observed with size scales that range from cm-wide (by current rovers) to 10s of meters-wide. The global distribution of PDPs shows that they share certain traits in terms of morphology and geologic setting that can aid identification and distinction from fracturing patterns caused by other processes. They are mostly associated with sedimentary deposits that display spectral evidence for the presence of Fe/Mg smectites, Al-rich smectites or less commonly kaolinites, carbonates, and sulfates. In addition, PDPs may indicate paleolacustrine environments, which are of high interest for planetary exploration, and their presence implies that the fractured units are rich in smectite minerals that may have been deposited in a standing body of water. A collective synthesis with new data, particularly from the HiRISE camera suggests that desiccation cracks may be more common on the surface of Mars than previously thought. A review of terrestrial research on desiccation processes with emphasis on the theoretical background, field studies, and modeling constraints is presented here as well and shown to be consistent with and relevant to certain polygonal patterns on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE cracks
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
KW  - SMECTITE
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - CHLORIDES
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OBSERVATIONS
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, climate
KW  - Mars, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 99066262; El-Maarry, M.R. 1; Email Address: mohamed.elmaarry@space.unibe.ch Watters, W. 2 McKeown, N.K. 3 Carter, J. 4 Noe Dobrea, E. 5,6 Bishop, J.L. 7 Pommerol, A. 1 Thomas, N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Physikalisches Institut, Bern Univeristät, Sidlerstrasse, 5, 3012 Berne, Switzerland  2: Whitin Observatory, Department of Astronomy, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, 02481, USA  3: Department of Physical Sciences, MacEwan University, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada  4: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Paris-Sud University, Orsay, France  5: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, 85719, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, 94035, USA  7: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 241, p248; Subject Term: SURFACE cracks; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; Subject Term: SMECTITE; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: CHLORIDES; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OBSERVATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D’Angelo, Gennaro
AU  - Weidenschilling, Stuart J.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Bodenheimer, Peter
T1  - Growth of Jupiter: Enhancement of core accretion by a voluminous low-mass envelope.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 241
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 312
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We present calculations of the early stages of the formation of Jupiter via core nucleated accretion and gas capture. The core begins as a seed body of about 350 km in radius and orbits in a swarm of planetesimals whose initial radii range from 15 m to 50 km. The evolution of the swarm accounts for growth and fragmentation, viscous and gravitational stirring, and for drag-assisted migration and velocity damping. During this evolution, less than 9% of the mass is in planetesimals smaller than 1 km in radius; ≲25% is in planetesimals with radii between 1 and 10 km; and ≲7% is in bodies with radii larger than 100 km. Gas capture by the core substantially enhances the size-dependent cross-section of the planet for accretion of planetesimals. The calculation of dust opacity in the planet’s envelope accounts for coagulation and sedimentation of dust particles released as planetesimals are ablated. The calculation is carried out at an orbital semi-major axis of 5.2 AU and the initial solids’ surface density is 10 g cm - 2 at that distance. The results give a core mass of nearly 7.3 Earth masses ( M ⊕ ) and an envelope mass of ≈ 0.15 M ⊕ after about 4 × 10 5 years, at which point the envelope growth rate surpasses that of the core. The same calculation without the envelope yields a core of only about 4.4 M ⊕ . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - GRAVITATION
KW  - CROSS-sectional method
KW  - PLANETESIMALS
KW  - Accretion
KW  - Jovian planets
KW  - Jupiter
KW  - Planetary formation
KW  - Planetesimals
N1  - Accession Number: 99066268; D’Angelo, Gennaro 1,2; Email Address: gennaro.dangelo@nasa.gov Weidenschilling, Stuart J. 3 Lissauer, Jack J. 1 Bodenheimer, Peter 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA  4: UCO/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 241, p298; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: GRAVITATION; Subject Term: CROSS-sectional method; Subject Term: PLANETESIMALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jovian planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetesimals; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - John, Caroline S.
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Evans, Joe
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Temperature Effects on a Non-Volatile Memory Device with Ferroelectric Capacitor.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 157
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 30
SN  - 10584587
AB  - The temperature effects on a ferroelectric non-volatile memory latch were measured. The device is based on a design from Radiant Technologies Inc. utilizing a discrete ferroelectric capacitor. The effects measured include functionality, I-V characteristics and retention. The range of temperatures for which the device was tested is –107°F to +302°F. The results are compared with measurements made at room temperature for the device. Retention measurements of the device at elevated temperatures allow predictions of retention performance under normal operating conditions. Potential applications of this device in harsh environments which include aerospace, industrial and automotive are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONVOLATILE random-access memory
KW  - FERROELECTRIC capacitors
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - LEAD zirconate titanate
KW  - Ferroelectric capacitor
KW  - non-volatile memory
KW  - thermal effects
KW  - RADIANT Technologies Inc.
N1  - Accession Number: 96583058; John, Caroline S. 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Evans, Joe 3 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama, 35899, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812, USA  3: Radiant Technologies Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87107, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 157 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: NONVOLATILE random-access memory; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC capacitors; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: LEAD zirconate titanate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ferroelectric capacitor; Author-Supplied Keyword: non-volatile memory; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal effects; Company/Entity: RADIANT Technologies Inc.; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2014.911615
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96583058&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell R.
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Mitchell, Cody
AU  - McCartney, Crystal L.
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Extended Characterization of the Common-Source and Common-Gate Amplifiers Using a Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 157
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 80
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Collected data for both common-source and common-gate amplifiers is presented in this paper. Characterizations of the two amplifier circuits using metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistors (MFSFETs) are developed with wider input frequency ranges and additional device sizes compared to earlier characterizations. The effects of the ferroelectric layer's capacitance and variation of load, quiescent point, or input signal on each circuit are shown. Advantages and applications of the MFSFET and the circuit performance are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - METAL-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor structures
KW  - METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - FERROELECTRIC capacitors
KW  - QUIESCENT plasmas
KW  - common-gate amplifier
KW  - common-source amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
KW  - metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor
KW  - MFFET
KW  - MFSFET
N1  - Accession Number: 96583065; Hunt, Mitchell R. 1 Sayyah, Rana 1 Mitchell, Cody 1 McCartney, Crystal L. 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama, 35899, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 157 Issue 1, p71; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: METAL-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor structures; Subject Term: METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: FERROELECTRIC capacitors; Subject Term: QUIESCENT plasmas; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-gate amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-source amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFSFET; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2014.912082
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96583065&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hunt, Mitchell R.
AU  - Sayyah, Rana
AU  - Mitchell, Cody
AU  - McCartney, Crystal L.
AU  - Macleod, Todd C.
AU  - Ho, Fat D.
T1  - Mathematical Models of the Common-Source and Common-Gate Amplifiers Using a Metal-Ferroelectric-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor.
JO  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
JF  - Integrated Ferroelectrics
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 157
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 81
EP  - 88
SN  - 10584587
AB  - Mathematical models of the common-source and common-gate amplifiers using metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistors (MFSFETs) are developed in this paper. The models are compared against data collected with MFSFETs of varying channel lengths and widths, and circuit parameters such as biasing conditions are varied as well. Considerations are made for the capacitance formed by the ferroelectric layer present between the gate and substrate of the transistors. Comparisons between the modeled and measured data are presented in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Ferroelectrics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONIC amplifiers
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - METAL-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor structures
KW  - METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ANALOG circuits
KW  - common-gate amplifier
KW  - common-source amplifier
KW  - FeFET
KW  - ferroelectric transistor
KW  - FFET
KW  - metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor
KW  - MFFET
KW  - MFSFET
N1  - Accession Number: 96583066; Hunt, Mitchell R. 1 Sayyah, Rana 1 Mitchell, Cody 1 McCartney, Crystal L. 1 Macleod, Todd C. 2 Ho, Fat D. 1; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Huntsville, Alabama, 35899, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama, 35812, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 157 Issue 1, p81; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC amplifiers; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: METAL-ferroelectric-insulator-semiconductor structures; Subject Term: METAL semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ANALOG circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-gate amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: common-source amplifier; Author-Supplied Keyword: FeFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: ferroelectric transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: FFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor field effect transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: MFSFET; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10584587.2014.912086
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=96583066&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Connors, Mary M.
AU  - Mauro, Robert
AU  - Statler, Irving C.
T1  - A Survey Methodology for Measuring Safety-Related Trends in the National Airspace System.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2014/10//Oct-Dec2014
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 286
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Making informed judgments about the effects of technological, human, or environmental changes on civil aviation requires reliable information. The National Aviation Operational Monitoring Service (NAOMS), a research project under NASA’s Aviation Safety Program, developed and tested a survey methodology designed to provide statistically reliable information on changes over time in safety-related events in the national airspace. Such information would aid decision makers in determining what areas required attention. To evaluate the NAOMS concept, data from nearly 20,000 randomly selected air-carrier pilots were collected over 3 years. Results demonstrate that the NAOMS approach can reliably identify changes over time in the rates of safety-related events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATIONAL Airspace System (U.S.)
KW  - COMMERCIAL aeronautics
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - PILOTS & pilotage
N1  - Accession Number: 98604874; Connors, Mary M. 1 Mauro, Robert 2 Statler, Irving C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: Decision Research, Eugene, Oregon, and Psychology Department, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA; Source Info: Oct-Dec2014, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p265; Subject Term: NATIONAL Airspace System (U.S.); Subject Term: COMMERCIAL aeronautics; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: PILOTS & pilotage; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488330 Navigational Services to Shipping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488332 Ship piloting services; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2014.949202
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98604874&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verma, Savita
AU  - Kozon, Thomas
AU  - Ballinger, Debbi
T1  - Comparative Analysis of Procedures for Dual and Triple Closely Spaced Parallel Runways.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2014/10//Oct-Dec2014
VL  - 24
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 336
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - This article provides a comparative analysis of 2 experiments on procedures to increase the capacity of closely spaced parallel runways under low-visibility conditions. The common goal for both studies was to achieve visual meteorological capacity under instrument meteorological conditions, when landing aircraft on parallel runways 750 ft apart. Using a high-fidelity flight deck simulator, both studies investigated procedures related to breakout maneuvers on final approach during off-nominal conditions. The first study investigated procedures for 2 parallel runways (involving a leading and trailing aircraft) and the second study examined 3 parallel runways separated by 750 ft, investigating procedures for 3 simultaneously arriving aircraft (leading, center, and right aircraft). In both studies, off-nominal events were introduced during the approach. In some cases the wake of the leading aircraft drifted too close to the aircraft behind. In others, the leading aircraft deviated off its course and blundered toward the trailing aircraft. Statistical analysis examined the effects of approach echelon (2-runway vs. 3-runway), breakout cause, and breakout location on the dependent measures of breakout trajectory cross-track error, breakout trajectory track angle error, pilot workload, and pilot situation awareness. Although revealing differences between the study conditions, results also show accurate cross-track and track angle error levels (i.e., high levels of breakout trajectory accuracy), manageable pilot workload, and high levels of pilot situation awareness across all conditions in both studies. Results suggest possible avenues of future adaptation of dual and triple parallel runway operations (e.g., improving pilot training) and also show potential promise of the concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLIGHT simulators
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics)
KW  - SITUATIONAL awareness
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
N1  - Accession Number: 98604877; Verma, Savita 1 Kozon, Thomas 2 Ballinger, Debbi 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA; NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Oct-Dec2014, Vol. 24 Issue 4, p315; Subject Term: FLIGHT simulators; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: TRAJECTORIES (Mechanics); Subject Term: SITUATIONAL awareness; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2014.949519
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98604877&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyoungsoon Lee
AU  - Ilchung Park
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Micro-channel evaporator for space applications - 1. Experimental pressure drop and heat transfer results for different orientations in earth gravity.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 77
M3  - Article
SP  - 1213
EP  - 1230
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Boiling and condensation are being considered for operation of thermal control systems (TCSs) in future space vehicles to capitalize upon their high heat transfer coefficients and appreciable reduction in TCS weight and volume. A primary concern in designing these systems is a lack of technical knowhow on the influence of buoyancy and therefore body force on two-phase heat transfer in reduced gravity. In particular, there is keen interest in developing predictive tools for pressure drop and heat transfer and identifying the minimum coolant flow rate that would negate the influence of body force. Two-phase flow in micro-channels provides unique advantages to space systems by greatly increasing flow inertia for a given flow rate, which helps resist body forces effects. This study is the first part of a two-part study addressing the effectiveness of two-phase micro-channels at negating body force effects. Flow boiling experiments are conducted with FC-72 in a test module containing 80 of 231 µm wide x 1000 µm deep micro-channels in three different flow orientations: horizontal, vertical upflow and vertical downflow over broad ranges of mass velocity and heat flux. Also investigated are conditions that trigger two different types of two-phase flow instability. In addition, different flow regimes are identified with an aid of high-speed video imaging, and the flow regime data are compared to an exiting flow regime map and used to develop new relations for transition boundaries between regimes. Overall, the present study proves the existence of a mass velocity threshold above which identical heat transfer performances are achieved regardless of orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROCHANNEL flow
KW  - EVAPORATORS
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - COOLANTS
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Flow orientation
KW  - Micro-channel
KW  - Pressure drop
KW  - Reduced gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 97245294; Hyoungsoon Lee 1 Ilchung Park 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Purdue University Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (PU-BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 77, p1213; Subject Term: MICROCHANNEL flow; Subject Term: EVAPORATORS; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: COOLANTS; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micro-channel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure drop; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced gravity; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.06.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97245294&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyoungsoon Lee
AU  - Ilchung Park
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Micro-channel evaporator for space applications - 2. Assessment of predictive tools.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 77
M3  - Article
SP  - 1231
EP  - 1249
SN  - 00179310
AB  - This study is the second part of a two-part study addressing the effectiveness of micro-channel evaporators for space applications. The first part provided pressure drop and heat transfer data for FC-72 that were acquired with a test module containing 80 of 231 µm wide x 1000 µm deep micro-channels. The tests were performed in three flow orientations: horizontal, vertical upflow and vertical downflow over broad ranges of mass velocity and heat flux. The present part uses these experimental results to assess the accuracy of published predictive tools. The two-phase heat transfer coefficient data are compared to predictions of 15 popular correlations, and pressure drop data to 7 mixture viscosity relations used in conjunction of the Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM), and 18 correlations based on the Separated Flow Model (SFM). These models and correlations are carefully assessed in pursuit of identifying the most accurate tools. In addition, three important criteria for implementing micro-channel flow boiling in space systems are proposed: avoiding large pressure drop, avoiding critical heat flux (CHF), and negating the influence of body force. It is shown that micro-channels require significantly smaller mass velocities to negate body force effects than macro-channels, and are therefore very effective for space applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROCHANNEL flow
KW  - EVAPORATORS
KW  - PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Flow orientation
KW  - Micro-channel
KW  - Pressure drop
KW  - Reduced gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 97245290; Hyoungsoon Lee 1 Ilchung Park 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Purdue University Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (PU-BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 77, p1231; Subject Term: MICROCHANNEL flow; Subject Term: EVAPORATORS; Subject Term: PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micro-channel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure drop; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced gravity; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.06.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97245290&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenson, Ryan M.
AU  - Wollman, Andrew P.
AU  - Weislogel, Mark M.
AU  - Sharp, Lauren
AU  - Green, Robert
AU  - Canfield, Peter J.
AU  - Klatte, Jörg
AU  - Dreyer, Michael E.
T1  - Passive phase separation of microgravity bubbly flows using conduit geometry.
JO  - International Journal of Multiphase Flow
JF  - International Journal of Multiphase Flow
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 65
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 81
SN  - 03019322
AB  - The ability to separate liquid and gas phases in the absence of a gravitational acceleration has proven a challenge to engineers since the inception of space exploration. Due to our singular experience with terrestrial systems, artificial body forces are often imparted in multiphase fluid systems aboard spacecraft to reproduce the buoyancy effect. This approach tends to be inefficient, adding complexity, resources, and failure modes. Ever present in multiphase phenomena, the forces of surface tension can be exploited to aid passive phase separations where performance characteristics are determined solely by geometric design and system wettability. Said systems may be readily designed as demonstrated herein where a regulated bubbly flow is drawn through an open triangular sectioned duct. The bubbles passively migrate toward the free surface where they coalesce and leave the flow. The tests clearly show container aspect ratios required for passive phase separations for various liquid and gas flow rates. Preliminary data are presented as regime maps demarking complete phase separation. Long duration microgravity experiments are performed aboard the International Space Station. Supplementary experiments are conducted using a drop tower. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Multiphase Flow is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHASE separation
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - BUBBLES
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - Capillary fluidics
KW  - Microfluidics
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Passive phase separations
KW  - Spacecraft
KW  - Two-phase flow
N1  - Accession Number: 97410299; Jenson, Ryan M. 1 Wollman, Andrew P. 2 Weislogel, Mark M. 2; Email Address: mwei@pdx.edu Sharp, Lauren 3 Green, Robert 3 Canfield, Peter J. 4 Klatte, Jörg 4 Dreyer, Michael E. 4; Affiliation:  1: IRPI, LLC, 7929 SW Burns Way STE A, Wilsonville, OR 97070, United States  2: Portland State University, Dept. Mechanical and Materials Engineering, 1930 SW 4th Avenue, Portland Oregon, 97201, United States  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  4: Center of Applied Space Technology and Microgravity, Am Fallturm ZARM-II, 1550, 28359 Bremen, Germany; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 65, p68; Subject Term: PHASE separation; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: BUBBLES; Subject Term: GAS flow; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capillary fluidics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microfluidics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Passive phase separations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-phase flow; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2014.05.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97410299&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vander Wal, Randy L.
AU  - Gaddam, Chethan K.
AU  - Kulis, Michael J.
T1  - Spectroscopic characterization and comparison between biologics, organics and mineral compounds using pulsed micro-hollow glow discharge.
JO  - JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry)
JF  - JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry)
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 29
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1791
EP  - 1798
SN  - 13645544
AB  - A new mode of operation -- pulsed -- is demonstrated for compound identification of solid materials in the form of dry powders. Both plasma and analytical utility are characterized spectroscopically. The acquired emission spectra provided molecular and elemental information. The microgram sample analysis capability and atmospheric pressure operation are demonstrated for benign and biological organics, a commercial fertilizer and other inorganic materials. The plasma temperature is estimated by spectral simulation of the NO (A²Σ+→ X ²Π) bands, and the inferred temperature is 1300C. Atomic transitions from C (¹Ρ0→¹S) and molecular bands from CH (B²Σ+→X²Π) and CH (A²Δ+→ X ²Π) were manifestly observed in the optical emission spectra of organic materials. Relative intensities of common spectral signatures could distinguish biological agents from common benign organic materials. High-resolution spectra were particularly useful in resolving and identifying atomic transitions such as Mg, Ca, Fe and Si for the inorganic materials. Such a detector system has the capability to rapidly sense hazards with the added advantage of portability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of JAAS (Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry) is the property of Royal Society of Chemistry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BIOLOGICALS
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - GLOW discharges
KW  - ATOMIC transitions
N1  - Accession Number: 100110252; Vander Wal, Randy L. 1; Email Address: ruv12@psu.edu Gaddam, Chethan K. 1 Kulis, Michael J. 2; Affiliation:  1: John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and the EMS Energy Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 29 Issue 10, p1791; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BIOLOGICALS; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: GLOW discharges; Subject Term: ATOMIC transitions; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1039/c4ja00187g
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100110252&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zambrano, H.A.
AU  - Walther, J.H.
AU  - Jaffe, R.L.
T1  - Molecular dynamics simulations of water on a hydrophilic silica surface at high air pressures.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Liquids
JF  - Journal of Molecular Liquids
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 198
M3  - Article
SP  - 107
EP  - 113
SN  - 01677322
AB  - We present a force field for Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of water and air in contact with an amorphous silica surface. We calibrate the interactions of each species present in the system using dedicated criteria such as the contact angle of a water droplet on a silica surface, and the solubility of air in water at different pressures. Using the calibrated force field, we conduct MD simulations to study the interface between a hydrophilic silica substrate and water surrounded by air at different pressures. We find that the static water contact angle is independent of the air pressure imposed on the system. Our simulations reveal the presence of a nanometer thick layer of gas at the water–silica interface. We believe that this gas layer could promote nucleation and stabilization of surface nanobubbles at amorphous silica surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Liquids is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - AMORPHOUS silicon
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - AIR pressure
KW  - HYDROPHILIC interactions
KW  - CONTACT angle
KW  - Contact angle
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Nanodroplets
KW  - Solid–liquid–gas interactions
KW  - Wetting
N1  - Accession Number: 97842670; Zambrano, H.A. 1 Walther, J.H. 2,3; Email Address: walther@mavt.ethz.ch Jaffe, R.L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Eng., Universidad de Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark  3: Chair of Computational Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätsstrasse 6, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 198, p107; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS silicon; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: AIR pressure; Subject Term: HYDROPHILIC interactions; Subject Term: CONTACT angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanodroplets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid–liquid–gas interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wetting; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.molliq.2014.06.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97842670&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Crawford, Timothy J.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Chris Benner, D.
T1  - A cryogenic Herriott cell vacuum-coupled to a Bruker IFS-125HR.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 304
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 24
SN  - 00222852
AB  - A new cryogenic Herriott cell and associated transfer optics have been designed and fabricated at Connecticut College under contract with NASA Langley Research Center to operate for the first time with the broad-band Bruker IFS-125HR Fourier transform spectrometer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). This 0.375 m base-length optical cavity produces an absorption path length, at 293 K, of 20.941 (±0.006) m. The Herriott cell, constructed from oxygen-free high conductivity copper, is placed inside its own vacuum enclosure, which is isolated from the transfer optics chamber by one CaF 2 window and separately evacuated. The transfer optics chamber is in turn coupled to the sample compartment of the Bruker IFS-125HR holding another set of transfer optics. The entire spectrometer, including the transfer optics chamber can be evacuated to ∼10 mTorr; the cell vacuum enclosure is cryogenically evacuated to pressures below 10 −6 Torr. A closed-cycle helium refrigerator cools the Herriott cell. Initially tested at Connecticut College for temperatures between 250 and 50 K, the system has successfully been in operation for over two years at JPL. The cell has been used for recording spectra between 75 and 250 K, achieving excellent temperature uniformity (± 0.15 K) and long term stability (< 0.05 K/day). Configured with a single indium-sealed CaF 2 window, it has provided Doppler-limited infrared absorption spectra of a number of molecular species above 2000 cm −1 to investigate detailed spectroscopic properties (e.g. molecular line parameters at temperatures and pressures relevant to planetary atmospheres). The design, performance and detailed characterization of the Herriott cell system are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - VACUUM
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - Bruker IFS-125HR
KW  - Cryogenic gas cell
KW  - FT-IR
KW  - Herriott cell
KW  - Temperature dependence
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 98709461; Mantz, Arlan W. 1; Email Address: awman@conncoll.edu Sung, Keeyoon 2 Brown, Linda R. 2 Crawford, Timothy J. 2 Smith, Mary Ann H. 3 Malathy Devi, V. 4 Chris Benner, D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, United States  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  4: Dept. of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, United States; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 304, p12; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: VACUUM; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bruker IFS-125HR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic gas cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: FT-IR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Herriott cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2014.07.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98709461&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hui, Ferdinand K.
AU  - Schuette, A. Jesse
AU  - Spiotta, Alejandro M.
AU  - Yim, John
AU  - Obuchowski, Nancy
AU  - Rasmussen, Peter A.
AU  - Hussain, Mohammed Shazam
AU  - Cawley, C. Michael
AU  - Dion, Jacques E.
AU  - Tong, Frank C.
T1  - Flexible tip guides and intermediate catheters: two center experience and a proposed taxonomy.
JO  - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
JF  - Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 618
EP  - 623
SN  - 17598478
AB  - Background Stable access to target lesions is foundational to endovascular therapy, be it in hemorrhagic or ischemic disease. Continued evolution in access technology has resulted in next generation catheters that afford improved trackability and proximal support. Objective Assess safety and patterns of use at two high volume centers, and conceptualize usage patterns. Materials and methods A retrospective review of 608 cases in which a ‘ next generation ' catheter was used during 2008 - 2010 at Cleveland Clinic (Cleveland, Ohio, USA) and throughout 2009 - 2010 at Emory University Hospital (Atlanta, Georgia, USA) was conducted, and the cases classified by indication. Catheter placement, distal most location, and related complications were recorded and experience summarized. We also reviewed the differences in the catheters and the rationale for catheter selection, as well as relative costs for each approach. Results 311 Neuron 053, 166 Neuron 070, 36 distal access catheter (DAC) 3.9 F, 61 DAC 4.3 F, and 34 DAC 5.2 F catheters were deployed. Of these, 459 placements were in the anterior circulation, 130 in the posterior circulation, 11 in the external carotid artery, and eight were used intravenously. Complication rates were 9/131 (6.9%) for the DAC catheter group, 16/311 (5.1%) for the Neuron 053 group, and 14/166 (8.4%) for the Neuron 070 group (p=0.37, χ 2 test). Conclusions Next generation access catheters possess characteristics that blend qualities of traditional microcatheters and stiff guide catheters. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between the various catheter families in this small retrospective review, and the complication rates were similar to historical complication rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of NeuroInterventional Surgery is the property of BMJ Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VASCULAR surgery
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - ANGIOGRAPHY
KW  - BLOOD-vessels
KW  - CATHETERS
KW  - MEDICAL equipment
KW  - STROKE
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - MEDICAL records
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RETROSPECTIVE studies
KW  - OHIO
N1  - Accession Number: 98052937; Hui, Ferdinand K. 1; Email Address: huif@ccf.org Schuette, A. Jesse 2 Spiotta, Alejandro M. 3 Yim, John 4 Obuchowski, Nancy 5 Rasmussen, Peter A. 1 Hussain, Mohammed Shazam 1 Cawley, C. Michael 6,7 Dion, Jacques E. 6,7 Tong, Frank C. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Cerebrovascular Center, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  2: Department of Neurosurgery, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA  3: Department of Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA  4: Mechanical and Fluid Systems Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  5: Quantitative Health Services, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  6: Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA  7: Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 6 Issue 8, p618; Subject Term: VASCULAR surgery; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: ANGIOGRAPHY; Subject Term: BLOOD-vessels; Subject Term: CATHETERS; Subject Term: MEDICAL equipment; Subject Term: STROKE; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: MEDICAL records; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RETROSPECTIVE studies; Subject Term: OHIO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339110 Medical equipment and supplies manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339112 Surgical and Medical Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423450 Medical, Dental, and Hospital Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 1 Diagram, 6 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1136/neurintsurg-2013-010892
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ivler, Christina M.
AU  - Powell, J. David
AU  - Tischler, Mark B.
AU  - Fletcher, Jay W.
AU  - Ott, Carl
T1  - Design and Flight Test of a Cable Angle Feedback Flight Control System for the RASCAL JUH-60 Helicopter.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The ability of a helicopter to carry externally slung loads makes it very versatile for many civil and military operations. However, the piloted handling qualities of the helicopter are degraded by the presence of the slung load. A control system is developed that uses measurements of the slung load motions as well as conventional fuselage feedback to improve the handling qualities for hover/low-speed operations. Prior research has shown a fundamental trade-off between load damping and piloted handling qualities for a feedback control system with cable angle/rate feedback. A new task-tailored approach proposed and implemented herein uses a method of switching between a load damping mode and a piloted handling qualities mode. These modes provide appropriate load feedback depending on the piloting task and flight regime. This provides improved handling qualities for maneuvering flight and for improved precision load control at hover. A new mission task element for precision load placement is developed (for possible inclusion into ADS-33E-PRF) to test the ability of the cable feedback system to improve load placement task performance. The improvements provided by this control system are demonstrated in a piloted flight test on the JUH-60A RASCAL fly-by-wire helicopter. The average load set-down time was reduced by a factor of two for the 1000-lb load on a 56-ft sling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
N1  - Accession Number: 99528872; Ivler, Christina M. 1; Email Address: christina.ivler@us.army.mil Powell, J. David Tischler, Mark B. 2 Fletcher, Jay W. 3 Ott, Carl 4; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD (AMRDEC), U.S. Army RDECOM, Moffett Field, CA  2: Senior Technologist and Flight Control Group Lead, Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD (AMRDEC), U.S. Army RDECOM Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: RASCAL Project Manager, Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD (AMRDEC), U.S. Army RDECOM Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  4: Chief, Flight Projects Office, Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD (AMRDEC), U.S. Army RDECOM Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.042008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99528872&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mettler, B. érénice
AU  - Zhaodan Kong
AU  - Goerzen, Chad
AU  - Whalley, Matthew
T1  - Guidance Performance Benchmarking for Autonomous Rotorcraft.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - This paper describes a framework for performance evaluation of autonomous guidance systems. The elements of the framework consist of a set of spatial geometries, flight tasks, performance metrics, a flightdynamic model, and baseline solutions. The spatial benchmarks consist of six tasks in simple geometrical environments and 10 tasks in more complex urban environments based on a real digital terrain elevation map. The framework also includes a set of performance metrics used to compare trajectories. The performance baselines used in the proposed framework are near-optimal solutions computed using one of two trajectory optimization methods: numerical optimization based on nonlinear programming for the simple geometric environments and a motion primitive automaton for problems involving the urban environments. The paper concludes with a demonstration of the benchmarking framework using the Obstacle Field Navigation system developed by the Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing
KW  - NONLINEAR programming
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - ROBOTS
N1  - Accession Number: 99528873; Mettler, B. érénice 1; Email Address: mettler@umn.edu Zhaodan Kong 1 Goerzen, Chad 2 Whalley, Matthew 3; Affiliation:  1: Interactive Guidance and Control Lab, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN  2: San Jose State University Research Foundation, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: Aeroflightdynamics Directorate (AMRDEC), U.S. Army Research, Development Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing; Subject Term: NONLINEAR programming; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: ROBOTS; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.042009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99528873&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raz, Reuben
AU  - Rosen, Aviv
AU  - Cicolani, Luigi S.
AU  - Lusardi, Jeffery
T1  - Using Wind Tunnel Tests for Slung-Load Clearance, Part 1: The CONEX Cargo Container.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Previously, the authors showed that dynamic wind tunnel tests of a suspended CONEX cargo container model exhibited encouraging levels of success in predicting the stability characteristics and speed envelope of the full-scale load. The present study includes further use of the UH-60/CONEX system to investigate effects that were observed previously, but not fully addressed. These effects include the influence of pilot inputs and helicopter motions on the coupled pilot/helicopter/slung- load dynamics, the influence of center of gravity offset of the slung load, and the behavior of a load when a yaw swivel is not used in the suspension. It is shown that all three effects are important and affect the slung-load dynamics. The capability of wind tunnel tests to predict the behavior of slung loads in flight is shown for these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Testing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SHIPPING containers
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - CENTER of mass
KW  - MOTION
N1  - Accession Number: 99528867; Raz, Reuben 1 Rosen, Aviv 2; Email Address: rosen@aerodyne.technion.ac.il Cicolani, Luigi S. 3,4 Lusardi, Jeffery 5; Affiliation:  1: Researcher, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion-Israel, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel  2: Professor, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion-Israel, Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel  3: Research Engineer, San Jose State University Research Foundation, San Jose, CA  4: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  5: Research Engineer, U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Research, Development and Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Testing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SHIPPING containers; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: CENTER of mass; Subject Term: MOTION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.042003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raz, Reuben
AU  - Rosen, Aviv
AU  - Cicolani, Luigi S.
AU  - Lusardi, Jeffery
AU  - Gassaway, Bryan
AU  - Thompson, Tom
T1  - Using Wind Tunnel Tests for Slung-Load Clearance, Part 2: Other Loads.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 59
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The first new load is the TRIO container that can be flown in three configurations with different heights. The second new load is a ribbon bridge interior bay section. Wind tunnel results with models of the new loads exhibit in general good agreement with flight-test results. The results of the new loads strengthen further the approach of using wind tunnel tests to accelerate slung-load clearance, as well as reduce risk and cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels -- Testing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - TESTING
N1  - Accession Number: 99528868; Raz, Reuben 1 Rosen, Aviv 2; Email Address: rosen@aerodyne.technion.ac.il Cicolani, Luigi S. 3,4 Lusardi, Jeffery 5 Gassaway, Bryan 6 Thompson, Tom 7; Affiliation:  1: Researcher, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel  2: Professor, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel  3: Research Engineer, San Jose State University Research Foundation, San Jose, CA  4: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  5: Research Engineer, U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Research, Development and Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  6: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Directorate Aeromechanics Division, Redstone Arsenal, AL  7: Branch Chief, Dynamics, U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Directorate Aeromechanics Division, Redstone Arsenal, AL; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 59 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: WIND tunnels -- Testing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: TESTING; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.59.042004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
T1  - Graphene in the sky and beyond.
JO  - Nature Nanotechnology
JF  - Nature Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 9
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 745
EP  - 747
SN  - 17483387
AB  - The article discusses the properties of graphene that are useful in aerospace applications. It explores the graphene-based structures, carbon fibre composites, and carbon nanotubes that are used in spacecraft and aircrafts. It reveals that the lightweight structures of graphitized carbon and carbon composites are also used in thermal protection systems and heat shields.
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - AEROSPACE industries -- Equipment & supplies
N1  - Accession Number: 98696796; Siochi, Emilie J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p745; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries -- Equipment & supplies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nnano.2014.231
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Teh-Hwa Wong
AU  - Jirong Yu
AU  - Yingxin Bai
AU  - Johnson, William
AU  - Songsheng Chen
AU  - Petros, Mulugeta
AU  - Singhb, Upendra N.
T1  - Sensitive infrared signal detection by upconversion technique.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 53
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00913286
AB  - We demonstrated upconversion assisted detection of a 2.05-µm signal by sum frequency generation to generate a 700-nm light using a bulk periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. The achieved 94% intrinsic upconversion efficiency and 22.58% overall detection efficiency at a pW level of 2.05 µm pave the path to detect extremely weak infrared (IR) signals for remote sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - SIGNAL detection
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - PHOTON upconversion
KW  - 2.05 μm
KW  - Nonlinear
KW  - periodically poled lithium niobate
KW  - single-photon counting module
KW  - sum frequency generation
N1  - Accession Number: 100326876; Teh-Hwa Wong 1; Email Address: teh-hwa.wong@ssaihq.com Jirong Yu 2 Yingxin Bai 1 Johnson, William 3 Songsheng Chen 2 Petros, Mulugeta 2 Singhb, Upendra N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Application Inc., One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 300, Hampton, Virginia 23666-5845, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS. 468, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States  3: Montana State University, Department of Physics, EPS Room 264, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 53 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: SIGNAL detection; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: PHOTON upconversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2.05 μm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear; Author-Supplied Keyword: periodically poled lithium niobate; Author-Supplied Keyword: single-photon counting module; Author-Supplied Keyword: sum frequency generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1117/1.OE.53.10.107102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100326876&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kogan, Oleg
AU  - Khasin, Michael
AU  - Meerson, Baruch
AU  - Schneider, David
AU  - Myers, Christopher R.
T1  - Two-strain competition in quasineutral stochastic disease dynamics.
JO  - Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics
JF  - Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 90
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 15393755
AB  - We develop a perturbation method for studying quasineutral competition in a broad class of stochastic competition models and apply it to the analysis of fixation of competing strains in two epidemic models. The first model is a two-strain generalization of the stochastic susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model. Here we extend previous results due to Parsons and Quince [Theor. Popul. Biol. 72, 468 (2007)], Parsons et al. [Theor. Popul. Biol. 74, 302 (2008)], and Lin, Kim, and Doering [J. Stat. Phys. 148, 646 (2012)]. The second model, a two-strain generalization of the stochastic susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model with population turnover, has not been studied previously. In each of the two models, when the basic reproduction numbers of the two strains are identical, a system with an infinite population size approaches a point on the deterministic coexistence line (CL): a straight line of fixed points in the phase space of subpopulation sizes. Shot noise drives one of the strain populations to fixation, and the other to extinction, on a time scale proportional to the total population size. Our perturbation method explicitly tracks the dynamics of the probability distribution of the subpopulations in the vicinity of the CL. We argue that, whereas the slow strain has a competitive advantage for mathematically "typical" initial conditions, it is the fast strain that is more likely to win in the important situation when a few infectives of both strains are introduced into a susceptible population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Mathematical models
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - DISEASE susceptibility
KW  - PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 109269985; Kogan, Oleg 1; Email Address: obk5@cornell.edu Khasin, Michael 2 Meerson, Baruch 3 Schneider, David 4 Myers, Christopher R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA  2: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035, USA  3: Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel  4: Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, and Department of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA  5: Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, and Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 90 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: DISEASE susceptibility; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Quantum dynamics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevE.90.042149
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109269985&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Gao, Feng
AU  - Suyker, Andrew
AU  - Verma, Shashi
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
T1  - Estimation of crop gross primary production (GPP): fAPARchl versus MOD15A2 FPAR.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 153
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Photosynthesis (PSN) is a pigment level process in which antenna pigments (predominately chlorophylls) in chloroplasts absorb photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) for the photochemical process. PAR absorbed by foliar non-photosynthetic components is not used for PSN. The fraction of PAR absorbed (fAPAR) by a canopy/vegetation (i.e., fAPAR canopy ) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, referred to as MOD15A2 FPAR, has been used to compute absorbed PAR (APAR) for PSN (APAR PSN ) which is utilized to produce the standard MODIS gross primary production (GPP) product, referred to as MOD17A2 GPP. In this study, the fraction of PAR absorbed by chlorophyll throughout the canopy (fAPAR chl ) was retrieved from MODIS images for three AmeriFlux crop fields in Nebraska. There are few studies in the literature that compare the performance of MOD15A2 FPAR versus fAPAR chl in GPP estimation. In our study MOD15A2 FPAR and the retrieved fAPAR chl were compared with field fAPAR canopy and the fraction of PAR absorbed by green leaves of the vegetation (fAPAR green ). MOD15A2 FPAR overestimated field fAPAR canopy in spring and in fall, and underestimated field fAPAR canopy in midsummer whereas fAPAR chl correctly captured the seasonal phenology. The retrieved fAPAR chl agreed well with field fAPAR green at early crop growth stage in June, and was less than field fAPAR green in late July, August and September. GPP estimates with fAPAR chl and with MOD15A2 FPAR were compared to tower flux GPP. GPP simulated with fAPAR chl was corroborated with tower flux GPP. Improvements in crop GPP estimation were achieved by replacing MOD15A2 FPAR with fAPAR chl which also reduced uncertainties of crop GPP estimates by 1.12–2.37 g C m − 2 d − 1 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - AGRICULTURAL productivity
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - PLANT canopies
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - fAPAR chl
KW  - GPP
KW  - MOD15A2 FPAR
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 98597432; Zhang, Qingyuan 1,2; Email Address: qyz72@yahoo.com Cheng, Yen-Ben 2,3 Lyapustin, Alexei I. 4 Wang, Yujie 2,5 Gao, Feng 6 Suyker, Andrew 7 Verma, Shashi 7 Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  4: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Code 613, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA  6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA  7: School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 153, p1; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PLANT canopies; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Author-Supplied Keyword: fAPAR chl; Author-Supplied Keyword: GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: MOD15A2 FPAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.07.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98597432&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Padula II, S. A.
AU  - Skorpenske, H. D.
AU  - An, K.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
T1  - Design and implementation of a multiaxial loading capability during heating on an engineering neutron diffractometer.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 85
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - A gripping capability was designed, implemented, and tested for in situ neutron diffraction measurements during multiaxial loading and heating on the VULCAN engineering materials diffractometer at the spallation neutron source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The proposed capability allowed for the acquisition of neutron spectra during tension, compression, torsion, and/or complex loading paths at elevated temperatures. The design consisted of age-hardened, Inconel® 718 grips with direct attachment to the existing MTS load frame having axial and torsional capacities of 100 kN and 400 N⋅m, respectively. Internal cooling passages were incorporated into the gripping system for fast cooling rates during high temperature experiments up to ~1000 K. The specimen mounting couplers combined a threaded and hexed end-connection for ease of sample installation/removal without introducing any unwanted loads. Instrumentation of this capability is documented in this work along with various performance parameters. The gripping system was utilized to investigate deformation in NiTi shape memory alloys under various loading/control modes (e.g., isothermal, isobaric, and cyclic), and preliminary results are presented. The measurements facilitated the quantification of the texture, internal strain, and phase fraction evolution in NiTi shape memory alloys under various loading/control modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIFFRACTOMETERS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NEUTRON diffraction
KW  - NEUTRONS
KW  - HEATING
KW  - SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 99205523; Benafan, O. 1,2; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Padula II, S. A. 1 Skorpenske, H. D. 3 An, K. 3 Vaidyanathan, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA  3: Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 85 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: DIFFRACTOMETERS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NEUTRON diffraction; Subject Term: NEUTRONS; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC apparatus & instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4896042
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99205523&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KETCHESON, DAVID I.
AU  - LÓCZI, LAJOS
AU  - PARSANI, MATTEO
T1  - INTERNAL ERROR PROPAGATION IN EXPLICIT RUNGE-KUTTA METHODS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
JF  - SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2227
EP  - 2249
SN  - 00361429
AB  - In practical computation with Runge-Kutta methods, the stage equations are not satisfied exactly, due to roundoff errors, algebraic solver errors, and so forth. We show by example that propagation of such errors within a single step can have catastrophic effects for otherwise practical and well-known methods. We perform a general analysis of internal error propagation, emphasizing that it depends significantly on how the method is implemented. We show that for a fixed method, essentially any set of internal stability polynomials can be obtained by modifying the implementation details. We provide bounds on the internal error amplification constants for some classes of methods with many stages, including strong stability preserving methods and extrapolation methods. These results are used to prove error bounds in the presence of roundoff or other internal errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RUNGE-Kutta formulas
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ROUNDING errors
KW  - ORDINARY differential equations
KW  - EXTRAPOLATION
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - extrapolation
KW  - internal stability
KW  - ordinary differential equations
KW  - roundoff error
KW  - Runge-Kutta methods
KW  - strong stability preservation
N1  - Accession Number: 108624144; KETCHESON, DAVID I. 1; Email Address: david.ketcheson@kaust.edu.sa LÓCZI, LAJOS 1; Email Address: lajos.loczi@kaust.edu.sa PARSANI, MATTEO 2; Email Address: parsani.matteo@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia  2: Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p2227; Subject Term: RUNGE-Kutta formulas; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ROUNDING errors; Subject Term: ORDINARY differential equations; Subject Term: EXTRAPOLATION; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: extrapolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: internal stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: ordinary differential equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: roundoff error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Runge-Kutta methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: strong stability preservation; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1137/130936245
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108624144&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CARPENTER, MARK H.
AU  - FISHER, TRAVIS C.
AU  - NIELSEN, ERIC J.
AU  - FRANKEL, STEVEN H.
T1  - ENTROPY STABLE SPECTRAL COLLOCATION SCHEMES FOR THE NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS: DISCONTINUOUS INTERFACES.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 36
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - B835
EP  - B867
SN  - 10648275
AB  - Nonlinear entropy stability and a summation-by-parts framework are used to derive provably stable, polynomial-based spectral collocation element methods of arbitrary order for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. The new methods are similar to strong form, nodal discontinuous Galerkin spectral elements but conserve entropy for the Euler equations and are entropy stable for the Navier-Stokes equations. Shock capturing follows immediately by combining them with a dissipative companion operator via a comparison approach. Smooth and discontinuous test cases are presented that demonstrate their efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - COLLOCATION methods
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - OPERATOR theory
KW  - conservation
KW  - entropy stability
KW  - high-order finite-element methods
KW  - Navier-Stokes
KW  - SBP-SAT
KW  - skew-symmetric
N1  - Accession Number: 108605217; CARPENTER, MARK H. 1; Email Address: mark.h.carpenter@nasa.gov FISHER, TRAVIS C. 2; Email Address: tcfishe@sandia.gov NIELSEN, ERIC J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.nielsen@nasa.gov FRANKEL, STEVEN H. 3; Email Address: stevenfrankel@purdue.edu; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch (CASB), NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA 23681  2: Computational Thermal and Fluid Mechanics, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185  3: School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 36 Issue 5, pB835; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: COLLOCATION methods; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: OPERATOR theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: entropy stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-order finite-element methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier-Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: SBP-SAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: skew-symmetric; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1137/130932193
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108605217&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Detweiler, Angela M.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Frisbee, Adrienne E.
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl A.
AU  - Chanton, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie E.
T1  - Characterization of methane flux from photosynthetic oxidation ponds in a wastewater treatment plant.
JO  - Water Science & Technology
JF  - Water Science & Technology
Y1  - 2014/10//
VL  - 70
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 980
EP  - 989
SN  - 02731223
AB  - Photosynthetic oxidation ponds are a low-cost method for secondary treatment of wastewater using natural and more energy-efficient aeration strategies. Methane (CH4) is produced during the anaerobic digestion of organic matter, but only some of it is oxidized in the water column, with the remaining CH4 escaping into the atmosphere. In order to characterize the CH4 flux in two photosynthetic oxidation ponds in a wastewater treatment plant in northern California, the isotopic compositions and concentrations of CH4 were measured in the water column, in bubbles and in flux chambers, over a period of 12 to 21 months to account for seasonal trends in CH4 emissions. Methane flux varied seasonally throughout the year, with an annual average flux of 5.5 g CH4m-2d-1Over half of the CH4 flux, 56.1-74.4% v/v, was attributed to ebullition. The oxidation efficiency of this system was estimated at 69.1%, based on stable carbon isotopes and a calculated fractionation factor of 1.028. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that a fractionation factor for CH4 oxidation has been empirically determined for oxidation ponds. Quantifying CH4 emissions from these systems is essential to properly identify their contribution and to mitigate their impact on global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Water Science & Technology is the property of IWA Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SEWAGE disposal plants
KW  - ANAEROBIC digestion (Sewage purification)
KW  - AERATION of water
KW  - SEWAGE lagoons
KW  - greenhouse gases
KW  - methane flux
KW  - methane oxidation
KW  - oxidation efficiency
KW  - photosynthetic oxidation ponds
KW  - stable isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 98571391; Detweiler, Angela M. 1; Email Address: angela.m.detweiler@nasa.gov Bebout, Brad M. 2 Frisbee, Adrienne E. 1 Kelley, Cheryl A. 3 Chanton, Jeffrey P. 4 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St., Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, Mail Stop 239-4, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: University of Missouri, Department of Geological Sciences, 101 Geological Sciences Building, Columbia, MO 65211, USA  4: Florida State University, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, P.O. Box 3064520, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 70 Issue 6, p980; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SEWAGE disposal plants; Subject Term: ANAEROBIC digestion (Sewage purification); Subject Term: AERATION of water; Subject Term: SEWAGE lagoons; Author-Supplied Keyword: greenhouse gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: methane flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: methane oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidation efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: photosynthetic oxidation ponds; Author-Supplied Keyword: stable isotopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221320 Sewage Treatment Facilities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562212 Solid Waste Landfill; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2166/wst.2014.317
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98571391&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diosady, Laslo T.
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
T1  - Tensor-Product Preconditioners for a Space-Time Discontinuous Galerkin Method.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/10/06/
VL  - 1618
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 946
EP  - 949
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A space-time discontinuous Galerkin spectral element discretization is presented for direct numerical simulation of the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. An efficient solution technique based on a matrix-free Newton-Krylov method is presented. A diagonalized alternating direction implicit preconditioner is extended to a space-time formulation using entropy variables. The effectiveness of this technique is demonstrated for the direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow in a channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TENSOR products
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - DISCONTINUOUS functions
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - VARIABLES (Mathematics)
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin Methods
KW  - Space-Time Formulations
KW  - Spectral Element Methods
N1  - Accession Number: 98854897; Diosady, Laslo T. 1 Murman, Scott M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 1618 Issue 1, p946; Subject Term: TENSOR products; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: DISCONTINUOUS functions; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: VARIABLES (Mathematics); Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin Methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space-Time Formulations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral Element Methods; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4897889
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98854897&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, John Asher
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Boyajian, Tabetha
AU  - Brewer, John M.
AU  - White, Timothy R.
AU  - von Braun, Kaspar
AU  - Maestro, Vicente
AU  - Stello, Dennis
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
T1  - THE PHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF THE RETIRED A STAR HD 185351.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/10/10/
VL  - 794
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report here an analysis of the physical stellar parameters of the giant star HD 185351 using Kepler short-cadence photometry, optical and near infrared interferometry from CHARA, and high-resolution spectroscopy. Asteroseismic oscillations detected in the Kepler short-cadence photometry combined with an effective temperature calculated from the interferometric angular diameter and bolometric flux yield a mean density ρ⋆ = 0.0130 ± 0.0003 ρ☼ and surface gravity log g = 3.280 ± 0.011. Combining the gravity and density we find R⋆ = 5.35 ± 0.20 R☼ and M⋆ = 1.99 ± 0.23 M☼. The trigonometric parallax and CHARA angular diameter give a radius R⋆ = 4.97 ± 0.07 R☼. This smaller radius, when combined with the mean stellar density, corresponds to a stellar mass 1.60 ± 0.08 M☼, which is smaller than the asteroseismic mass by 1.6σ. We find that a larger mass is supported by the observation of mixed modes in our high-precision photometry, the spacing of which is consistent only for M⋆ ≳ 1.8 M☼. Our various and independent mass measurements can be compared to the mass measured from interpolating the spectroscopic parameters onto stellar evolution models, which yields a model-based mass M⋆, model = 1.87 ± 0.07 M☼. This mass agrees well with the asteroseismic value, but is 2.6σ higher than the mass from the combination of asteroseismology and interferometry. The discrepancy motivates future studies with a larger sample of giant stars. However, all of our mass measurements are consistent with HD 185351 having a mass in excess of 1.5 M☼. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - A stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EARLY stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - SOLAR cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 98518280; Johnson, John Asher 1 Huber, Daniel 2,3 Boyajian, Tabetha 4 Brewer, John M. 4 White, Timothy R. 5,6 von Braun, Kaspar 7 Maestro, Vicente 6 Stello, Dennis 6,8 Barclay, Thomas 2,9; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Theory and Computation, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  5: Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney NSW 2006, Australia  7: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  8: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  9: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 1st Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: 10/10/2014, Vol. 794 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: A stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EARLY stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/794/1/15
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Nishikawa, Hiroaki
T1  - Very efficient high-order hyperbolic schemes for time-dependent advection–diffusion problems: Third-, fourth-, and sixth-order.
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2014/10/10/
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 147
SN  - 00457930
AB  - In this paper, we construct very efficient high-order schemes for general time-dependent advection–diffusion problems, based on the first-order hyperbolic system method. Extending the previous work on the second-order time-dependent hyperbolic advection–diffusion scheme (Mazaheri and Nishikawa, NASA/TM-2014-218175, 2014), we construct third-, fourth-, and sixth-order accurate schemes by modifying the source term discretization. In this paper, two techniques for the source term discretization are proposed; (1) reformulation of the source terms with their divergence forms and (2) correction to the trapezoidal rule for the source term discretization. We construct spatially third- and fourth-order schemes from the former technique. These schemes require computations of the gradients and second-derivatives of the source terms. From the latter technique, we construct spatially third-, fourth-, and sixth-order schemes by using the gradients and second-derivatives for the source terms, except the fourth-order scheme, which does not require the second derivatives of the source term and thus is even less computationally expensive than the third-order schemes. We then construct high-order time-accurate schemes by incorporating a high-order backward difference formula as a source term. These schemes are very efficient in that high-order accuracy is achieved for both the solution and the gradient only by the improved source term discretization. A very rapid Newton-type convergence is achieved by a compact second-order Jacobian formulation. The numerical results are presented for both steady and time-dependent linear and nonlinear advection–diffusion problems, demonstrating these powerful features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERBOLIC functions
KW  - ADVECTION
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - DISCRETIZATION methods
KW  - JACOBIAN matrices
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - Higher-order
KW  - Navier–Stokes
KW  - Nonlinear
KW  - Residual distribution
KW  - Unsteady
N1  - Accession Number: 97617447; Mazaheri, Alireza 1; Email Address: ali.r.mazaheri@nasa.gov Nishikawa, Hiroaki 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 102, p131; Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC functions; Subject Term: ADVECTION; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: DISCRETIZATION methods; Subject Term: JACOBIAN matrices; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Higher-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Residual distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.06.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Anderson, Daniel C.
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew
AU  - Canty, Timothy P.
AU  - Salawitch, Ross J.
AU  - Worden, Helen M.
AU  - Fried, Alan
AU  - Mikoviny, Tomas
AU  - Wisthaler, Armin
AU  - Dickerson, Russell R.
T1  - Measured and modeled CO and NOy in DISCOVER-AQ: An evaluation of emissions and chemistry over the eastern US.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/10/11/
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 78
EP  - 87
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Data collected during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in the Baltimore Washington region were used to evaluate CO and NO x emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The average emissions ratio for the region was seen to be 11.2 ± 1.2 mol CO/mol NO x , 21% higher than that predicted by the NEI. Comparisons between in situ and remote observations and CMAQ model output show agreement in CO emissions of 15 ± 11% while NO x emissions are overestimated by 51–70% in Maryland. Satellite observations of CO by MOPITT show agreement with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model within 3% over most of the eastern United States. CMAQ NO y mixing ratios were a factor of two higher than observations and result from a combination of errors in emissions and PAN and alkyl nitrate chemistry, as shown by comparison of three CMAQ model runs. Point source NO x emissions are monitored and agree with modeled emissions within 1% on a monthly basis. Because of this accuracy and the NEI assertion that approximately 3/4 of emissions in the Baltimore Washington region are from mobile sources, the MOVES model's treatment of emissions from aging vehicles should be investigated; the NEI overestimate of NO x emissions could indicate that engines produce less NO x and catalytic converters degrade more slowly than assumed by MOVES2010. The recently released 2011 NEI has an even lower CO/NO x emissions ratio than the projection used in this study; it overestimates NO x emissions by an even larger margin. The implications of these findings for US air quality policy are that NO x concentrations near areas of heavy traffic are overestimated and ozone production rates in these locations are slower than models indicate. Results also indicate that ambient ozone concentrations will respond more efficiently to NO x emissions controls but additional sources may need to be targeted for reductions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen oxides
KW  - NITROGEN oxides emission control
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - Air quality
KW  - CMAQ
KW  - CO
KW  - National Emissions Inventory
KW  - NO x
KW  - On-road emissions
N1  - Accession Number: 97674665; Anderson, Daniel C. 1; Email Address: danderson@atmos.umd.edu Loughner, Christopher P. 2,3 Diskin, Glenn 4 Weinheimer, Andrew 5 Canty, Timothy P. 1 Salawitch, Ross J. 1,2 Worden, Helen M. 5 Fried, Alan 6 Mikoviny, Tomas 7 Wisthaler, Armin 8 Dickerson, Russell R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  6: Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  7: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA  8: Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 96, p78; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen oxides; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides emission control; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: AIR quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: National Emissions Inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO x; Author-Supplied Keyword: On-road emissions; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siwak, Michal
AU  - Rucinski, Slavek M.
AU  - Matthews, Jaymie M.
AU  - Guenther, David B.
AU  - Kuschnig, Rainer
AU  - Moffat, Anthony F. J.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Sasselov, Dimitar
AU  - Weiss, Werner W.
T1  - A stable quasi-periodic 4.18-d oscillation and mysterious occultations in the 2011 MOST light-curve of TW Hya.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/10/11/
VL  - 444
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 335
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present an analysis of the 2011 photometric observations of TW Hya by the MOST satellite; this is the fourth continuous series of this type. The large-scale light variations are dominated by a strong, quasi-periodic 4.18-d oscillation with superimposed, apparently chaotic flaring activity. The former is probably produced by stellar rotation with one large hotspot created by a stable accretion funnel, while the latter may be produced by small hotspots, created at moderate latitudes by unstable accretion tongues. A new, previously unnoticed feature is a series of semiperiodic, well-defined brightness dips of unknown nature, of which 19 were observed during 43 d of our nearly continuous observations. Re-analysis of the 2009 MOST light-curve revealed the presence of three similar dips. On the basis of recent theoretical results, we tentatively conclude that the dips may represent occultations of the small hotspots created by unstable accretion tongues by hypothetical optically thick clumps of dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - LARGE astronomical telescopes
KW  - accretion: accretion discs
KW  - stars: individual: TW Hya
KW  - stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be
N1  - Accession Number: 97894598; Siwak, Michal 1 Rucinski, Slavek M. 2 Matthews, Jaymie M. 3 Guenther, David B. 4 Kuschnig, Rainer 3,5 Moffat, Anthony F. J. 6 Rowe, Jason F. 7 Sasselov, Dimitar 8 Weiss, Werner W. 5; Affiliation:  1: Mount Suhora Astronomical Observatory, Cracov Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, PL-30-084 Cracov, Poland  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada  3: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada  4: Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Marys University, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada  5: Universität Wien, Institut für Astronomie, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria  6: Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, CP 6128, Succursale: Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 444 Issue 1, p327; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: LARGE astronomical telescopes; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion: accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: TW Hya; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Southworth, John
AU  - Hinse, T. C.
AU  - Burgdorf, M.
AU  - Calchi Novati, S.
AU  - Dominik, M.
AU  - Galianni, P.
AU  - Gerner, T.
AU  - Giannini, E.
AU  - Gu, S.-H.
AU  - Hundertmark, M.
AU  - Jørgensen, U. G.
AU  - Juncher, D.
AU  - Kerins, E.
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Rabus, M.
AU  - Ricci, D.
AU  - Schäfer, S.
AU  - Skottfelt, J.
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, J.
AU  - Wang, X.-B.
T1  - High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing – VI. WASP-24, WASP-25 and WASP-26★.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/10/11/
VL  - 444
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 776
EP  - 789
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present time series photometric observations of 13 transits in the planetary systems WASP-24, WASP-25 and WASP-26. All three systems have orbital obliquity measurements, WASP-24 and WASP-26 have been observed with Spitzer, and WASP-25 was previously comparatively neglected. Our light curves were obtained using the telescope-defocussing method and have scatters of 0.5–1.2 mmag relative to their best-fitting geometric models. We use these data to measure the physical properties and orbital ephemerides of the systems to high precision, finding that our improved measurements are in good agreement with previous studies. High-resolution Lucky Imaging observations of all three targets show no evidence for faint stars close enough to contaminate our photometry. We confirm the eclipsing nature of the star closest to WASP-24 and present the detection of a detached eclipsing binary within 4.25 arcmin of WASP-26. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual: WASP-24
KW  - stars: individual: WASP-25
KW  - stars: individual: WASP-26
N1  - Accession Number: 97894597; Southworth, John 1 Hinse, T. C. 2 Burgdorf, M. 3 Calchi Novati, S. 4,5 Dominik, M. 6 Galianni, P. 6 Gerner, T. 7 Giannini, E. 7 Gu, S.-H. 8,9 Hundertmark, M. 6 Jørgensen, U. G. 10 Juncher, D. 10 Kerins, E. 11 Mancini, L. 12 Rabus, M. 12,13 Ricci, D. 14 Schäfer, S. 15 Skottfelt, J. 10 Tregloan-Reed, J. 1,16 Wang, X.-B. 8,9; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  2: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of Korea  3: HE Space Operations GmbH, Flughafenallee 24, D-28199 Bremen, Germany  4: Dipartimento di Fisica ‘E.R. Caianiello’, Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy  5: Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), I-84019 Vietri Sul Mare (SA), Italy  6: SUPA, University of St Andrews, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK  7: Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie, Universität Heidelberg, Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany  8: Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China  9: Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China  10: Niels Bohr Institute & Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark  11: Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK  12: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  13: Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile  14: Instituto de Astronomía – UNAM, Km 103 Carretera Tijuana Ensenada, 422860 Ensenada (Baja Cfa), Mexico  15: Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany  16: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 444 Issue 1, p776; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP-24; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP-25; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP-26; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephenson, James H.
AU  - Tinney, Charles E.
AU  - Greenwood, Eric
AU  - Watts, Michael E.
T1  - Time frequency analysis of sound from a maneuvering rotorcraft.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2014/10/13/
VL  - 333
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 5324
EP  - 5339
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - The acoustic signatures produced by a full-scale, Bell 430 helicopter during steady-level-flight and transient roll-right maneuvers are analyzed by way of time-frequency analysis. The roll-right maneuvers comprise both a medium and a fast roll rate. Data are acquired using a single ground based microphone that are analyzed by way of the Morlet wavelet transform to extract the spectral properties and sound pressure levels as functions of time. The findings show that during maneuvering operations of the helicopter, both the overall sound pressure level and the blade-vortex interaction sound pressure level are greatest when the roll rate of the vehicle is at its maximum. The reduced inflow in the region of the rotor disk where blade-vortex interaction noise originates is determined to be the cause of the increase in noise. A local decrease in inflow reduces the miss distance of the tip vortex and thereby increases the BVI noise signature. Blade loading and advance ratios are also investigated as possible mechanisms for increased sound production, but are shown to be fairly constant throughout the maneuvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - WAVELET transforms
KW  - TIME-frequency analysis
KW  - VORTEX motion
N1  - Accession Number: 97075079; Stephenson, James H. 1; Email Address: j.stephenson@utexas.edu Tinney, Charles E. 1; Email Address: cetinney@utexas.edu Greenwood, Eric 2 Watts, Michael E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Aeromechanics Research, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 333 Issue 21, p5324; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: WAVELET transforms; Subject Term: TIME-frequency analysis; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2014.05.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rocha, Camilo
AU  - Muñoz, César
T1  - Synchronous set relations in rewriting logic.
JO  - Science of Computer Programming
JF  - Science of Computer Programming
Y1  - 2014/10/16/
VL  - 92
M3  - Article
SP  - 211
EP  - 228
SN  - 01676423
AB  - Abstract: This paper presents a mathematical foundation and a rewriting logic infrastructure for the execution and property verification of synchronous set relations. The mathematical foundation is given in the language of abstract set relations. The infrastructure, which is written in the Maude system, enables the synchronous execution of a set relation provided by the user. By using the infrastructure, algorithm verification techniques such as reachability analysis and model checking, already available in Maude for traditional asynchronous rewriting, are automatically available to synchronous set rewriting. In this way, set-based synchronous languages and systems such as those built from agents, components, or objects can be naturally specified and simulated, and are also amenable to formal verification in the Maude system. The use of the infrastructure and some of its Maude-based verification capabilities are illustrated with an executable operational semantics of the Plan Execution Interchange Language (PLEXIL), a synchronous language developed by NASA to support autonomous spacecraft operations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
AB  - Copyright of Science of Computer Programming is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SET theory
KW  - REWRITING systems (Computer science)
KW  - COMPUTER systems -- Verification
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SEMANTICS
KW  - Formal simulation and verification
KW  - PLEXIL
KW  - Rewriting logic
KW  - Synchronous semantics
KW  - Synchronous set relations
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 96350283; Rocha, Camilo 1; Email Address: camilo.rocha@escuelaing.edu.co Muñoz, César 2; Email Address: cesar.a.munoz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Escuela Colombiana de Ingeniería, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 92, p211; Subject Term: SET theory; Subject Term: REWRITING systems (Computer science); Subject Term: COMPUTER systems -- Verification; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SEMANTICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Formal simulation and verification; Author-Supplied Keyword: PLEXIL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rewriting logic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchronous semantics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchronous set relations; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scico.2013.07.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C.
AU  - Burgasser, Adam J.
AU  - Gelino, Christopher R.
AU  - Looper, Dagny L.
AU  - Nicholls, Christine P.
AU  - Schmidt, Sarah J.
AU  - Cruz, Kelle
AU  - West, Andrew A.
AU  - Gizis, John E.
AU  - Metchev, Stanimir
T1  - SpeX SPECTROSCOPY OF UNRESOLVED VERY LOW MASS BINARIES. II. IDENTIFICATION OF 14 CANDIDATE BINARIES WITH LATE-M/EARLY-L AND T DWARF COMPONENTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/10/20/
VL  - 794
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Multiplicity is a key statistic for understanding the formation of very low mass (VLM) stars and brown dwarfs. Currently, the separation distribution of VLM binaries remains poorly constrained at small separations (⩽1 AU), leading to uncertainty in the overall binary fraction. We approach this problem by searching for late-M/early-L plus T dwarf spectral binaries whose combined light spectra exhibit distinct peculiarities, allowing for separation-independent identification. We define a set of spectral indices designed to identify these systems, and we use a spectral template fitting method to confirm and characterize spectral binary candidates from a library of 815 spectra from the SpeX Prism Spectral Libraries. We present 11 new binary candidates, confirm 3 previously reported candidates, and rule out 2 previously identified candidates, all with primary and secondary spectral types in the range M7-L7 and T1-T8, respectively. We find that subdwarfs and blue L dwarfs are the primary contaminants in our sample and propose a method for segregating these sources. If confirmed by follow-up observations, these systems may add to the growing list of tight separation binaries, whose orbital properties may yield further insight into brown dwarf formation scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - STELLAR orbits
N1  - Accession Number: 98719180; Bardalez Gagliuffi, Daniella C. 1,2; Email Address: daniella@physics.ucsd.edu Burgasser, Adam J. 1,2 Gelino, Christopher R. 3,4 Looper, Dagny L. 2,5 Nicholls, Christine P. 1,6 Schmidt, Sarah J. 2,7 Cruz, Kelle 8,9 West, Andrew A. 10 Gizis, John E. 11 Metchev, Stanimir 12; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Mail Code 100-22, California Institute of Technology, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: Tisch School of the Arts, New York University, 721 Broadway, New York, NY 10003, USA  5: School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia  6: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College, City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA  8: Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, Boston University, CAS 422A, 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, 104 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  12: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, Mail Code 100-22, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2014, Vol. 794 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/143
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lau, R. M.
AU  - Herter, T. L.
AU  - Morris, M. R.
AU  - Adams, J. D.
T1  - DUSTY CRADLES IN A TURBULENT NURSERY: THE SGR A EAST H II REGION COMPLEX AT THE GALACTIC CENTER.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/10/20/
VL  - 794
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present imaging at 19, 25, 31, and 37 μm of the compact H II region complex G-0.02-0.07 located 6 pc in projection from the center of the Galaxy obtained with SOFIA using FORCAST. G-0.02-0.07 contains three compact H II regions (A, B, and C) and one ultra-compact H II region (D). Our observations reveal the presence of two faint, infrared sources located 23″ and 35″ to the east of region C (FIRS 1 and 2) and detect dust emission in two of the three “ridges” of ionized gas west of region A. The 19/37 color temperature and 37 μm optical depth maps of regions A-C are used to characterize the dust energetics and morphology. Regions A and B exhibit average 19/37 color temperatures of ∼105 K, and regions C and D exhibit color temperatures of ∼115 K and ∼130 K, respectively. Using the DustEM code, we model the SEDs of regions A-D and FIRS 1, all of which require populations of very small, transiently heated grains and large, equilibrium-heated grains. We also require the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in regions A-C in order to fit the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm fluxes observed by Spitzer/IRAC. The location of the heating source for region A is determined by triangulation from distances and temperatures derived from DustEM models fit to SEDs of three different points around the region, and it is found to be displaced to the northeast of the center of curvature near the color temperature peak. Based on total luminosity, expected 1.90 μm fluxes, and proximity to the mid-IR color temperature peaks, we identify heating source candidates for regions A, B, and C. However, for region D, the observed fluxes at 1.87 and 1.90 μm of the previously proposed ionizing star are a factor of ∼40 times too bright to be the heating source and hence is likely just a star lying along the line of sight toward region D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC center
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - SPACE astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 98719188; Lau, R. M. 1 Herter, T. L. 1 Morris, M. R. 2 Adams, J. D. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, Cornell University, 202 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  3: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2014, Vol. 794 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALACTIC center; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: SPACE astronomy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/794/2/108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Ten years of forest cover change in the Sierra Nevada detected using Landsat satellite image analysis.
JO  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
JF  - International Journal of Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/10/20/
VL  - 35
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 7136
EP  - 7153
SN  - 01431161
AB  - The Sierra Nevada of California is a region where large wildfires have been suppressed for over a century. A detailed geographic record of recent vegetation regrowth and disturbance patterns in forests of the Sierra Nevada remains a gap that can be filled with remote-sensing data. Landsat Thematic Mapper imagery was analysed to detect 10 years of recent changes (between 2000 and 2009) in forest vegetation cover for areas burned by wildfires between years of 1995 and 1999 in the region. Results confirmed the prevalence of regrowing forest vegetation during the period 2000 and 2009 over 17% of the combined burned areas. Classification of these regrowing forest vegetation areas by the Landsat normalized burn ratio (NBR) showed that there was a marked increase in average disturbance index (ΔDI) values in the transitions from low to moderate to high burn severity classes. Within the five combined wildfire perimeters, 45% of the high burn severity area delineated by the RdNBR analysis was covered by regrowing forest detected between 2000 and 2009. In contrast, a notable fraction (12%) of the entire 5 km (unburned) buffer area outside the 1995–1999 fires perimeters showed decline in forest cover, and not nearly as many regrowing forest areas, covering only 3% of all the 1995–1999 buffer areas combined. Based on comparison of these results to ground-based survey data and high-resolution aerial images, the Landsat difference index (ΔDI) methodology can fulfil much of the need for consistent, low-cost monitoring of changes due to climate and biological factors in western forest regrowth following stand-replacing disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - CARTOGRAPHIC materials
KW  - SIERRA Nevada (Calif. & Nev.)
N1  - Accession Number: 99143496; Potter, Christopher 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 232-21,Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 35 Issue 20, p7136; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHIC materials; Subject Term: SIERRA Nevada (Calif. & Nev.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/01431161.2014.968687
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evans, A.
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
AU  - Helton, L. A.
T1  - A WISE view of novae – I. The data.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/10/21/
VL  - 444
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1683
EP  - 1697
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the results of data-mining the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer(WISE) archive for data on classical and recurrent novae. We find that the detections are consistent with dust emission, line emission, emission by a stellar photosphere, or a combination of these. Of the 36 novae detected in one or more WISE bands, 16 are detected in all four; 31 known novae are not detected by WISE. We also searched for WISE data on post-WISE novae, to gain information about nova progenitors. In this first paper, we consider only the WISE data. In future papers, we will provide a more detailed modelling of the WISE data, and discuss WISE data on post-WISE novae – including their variability – and will complement the WISE data with data from other IR surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOVAE (Astronomy)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - STELLAR photospheres
KW  - binaries: symbiotic
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - surveys
N1  - Accession Number: 98392635; Evans, A. 1 Gehrz, R. D. 2 Woodward, C. E. 2 Helton, L. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  2: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S. E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA  3: SOFIA Science Center, USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 444 Issue 2, p1683; Subject Term: NOVAE (Astronomy); Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: STELLAR photospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: symbiotic; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pinfield, D. J.
AU  - Gromadzki, M.
AU  - Leggett, S. K.
AU  - Gomes, J.
AU  - Lodieu, N.
AU  - Kurtev, R.
AU  - Day-Jones, A. C.
AU  - Ruiz, M. T.
AU  - Cook, N. J.
AU  - Morley, C. V.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Marocco, F.
AU  - Smart, R. L.
AU  - Jones, H. R. A.
AU  - Lucas, P. W.
AU  - Beletsky, Y.
AU  - Ivanov, V. D.
AU  - Burningham, B.
AU  - Jenkins, J. S.
AU  - Cardoso, C.
T1  - Discovery of a new Y dwarf: WISE J030449.03−270508.3.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/10/21/
VL  - 444
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1931
EP  - 1939
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present a new Y dwarf, WISE J030449.03−270508.3, confirmed from a candidate sample designed to pick out low-temperature objects from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) data base. The new object is typed Y0pec following a visual comparison with spectral standards, and lies at a likely distance of 10–17 pc. Its tangential velocity suggests thin disc membership, but it shows some spectral characteristics that suggest that it may be metal poor and/or older than previously identified Y0 dwarfs. Based on trends seen for warmer late-type T dwarfs, the Y-band flux peak morphology is indicative of sub-solar metallicity, and the enhanced red wing of the J-band flux peak offers evidence for high gravity and/or low metallicity (with associated model trends suggesting an age closer to ∼10 Gyr and mass in the range 0.02–0.03 M⊙). This object may thus be extending the population parameter space of the known Y0 dwarfs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - LOW mass stars
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - stars: low-mass
KW  - surveys
KW  - WIDE Field Infrared Explorer (Artificial satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 98392653; Pinfield, D. J. 1 Gromadzki, M. 2,3 Leggett, S. K. 4 Gomes, J. 1 Lodieu, N. 5,6 Kurtev, R. 2,3 Day-Jones, A. C. 1 Ruiz, M. T. 7 Cook, N. J. 1 Morley, C. V. 8 Marley, M. S. 9 Marocco, F. 1 Smart, R. L. 10 Jones, H. R. A. 1 Lucas, P. W. 1 Beletsky, Y. 11 Ivanov, V. D. 12 Burningham, B. 1 Jenkins, J. S. 7 Cardoso, C. 10; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  2: The Millennium Institute of Astrophysics (MAS), Santiago, Chile  3: Instituto de Física y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Ave. Gran Bretaña 1111, Playa Ancha, Casilla 53, 2340000, Valparaíso, Chile  4: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  5: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), Calle Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  6: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  7: Departamento de Astronomia, Universidad de Chile, Camino del Observatorio 1515, Santiago, Chile  8: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Naval Air Station, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  10: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Strada Osservatrio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  11: Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Colina el Pino, Casilla 601 La Serena, Chile  12: ESO, Av. Alonso de Cordova 3107, 19001 Casilla, Santiago 19, Chile; Source Info: Oct2014, Vol. 444 Issue 2, p1931; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: LOW mass stars; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Company/Entity: WIDE Field Infrared Explorer (Artificial satellite); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reynolds, Kevin
AU  - Nguyen, Nhan
AU  - Ting, Eric
AU  - Urnes Sr, James
T1  - Wing shaping concepts using distributed propulsion.
JO  - Aircraft Engineering & Aerospace Technology
JF  - Aircraft Engineering & Aerospace Technology
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 86
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 478
EP  - 482
SN  - 17488842
AB  - Purpose -- The purpose of this research is to explore innovative aircraft concepts that use flexible wings and distributed propulsion to significantly reduce fuel burn of future transport aircraft by exploiting multidisciplinary interactions. Design/methodology/approach -- Multidisciplinary analysis and trajectory optimization are used to evaluate the mission performance benefits of flexible wing distributed propulsion aircraft concepts. Findings -- The flexible wing distributed propulsion aircraft concept was shown to achieve a 4 per cent improvement in L/D over a mission profile consisting of a minimum fuel climb, minimum fuel cruise and continuous descent. Practical implications -- The technologies being investigated may lead to mission adaptive aircraft that can minimize drag, and thus fuel burn, throughout the flight envelope. Originality/value -- The aircraft concepts being explored seek to create synergistic interactions between disciplines for reducing fuel burn while capitalizing on the potential benefits of lightweight, flexible wing structures and distributed propulsion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aircraft Engineering & Aerospace Technology is the property of Emerald Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Distributed propulsion
KW  - MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization
KW  - HYBRID electric airplanes
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel
KW  - Aeroelastic
KW  - Distributed propulsion
KW  - Electric propulsion
KW  - Hybrid electric
KW  - Wing shaping
N1  - Accession Number: 100687451; Reynolds, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin.w.reynolds@nasa.gov Nguyen, Nhan 1 Ting, Eric 1 Urnes Sr, James 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field  2: Boeing Research & Technology, Platform and Networked Systems Technology, Saint Louis; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 86 Issue 6, p478; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Distributed propulsion; Subject Term: MULTIDISCIPLINARY design optimization; Subject Term: HYBRID electric airplanes; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroelastic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distributed propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid electric; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wing shaping; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1108/AEAT-04-2014-0050
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Hyun Dae
AU  - Felder, James L.
AU  - Tong, Michael T.
AU  - Berton, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Haller, William J.
T1  - Turboelectric distributed propulsion benefits on the N3-X vehicle.
JO  - Aircraft Engineering & Aerospace Technology
JF  - Aircraft Engineering & Aerospace Technology
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 86
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 558
EP  - 561
SN  - 17488842
AB  - Purpose -- The purpose of this article is to present a summary of recent study results on a turboelectric distributed propulsion vehicle concept named N3-X. Design/methodology/approach -- The turboelectric distributed propulsion system uses multiple electric motor-driven propulsors that are distributed on an aircraft. The power to drive these electric propulsors is generated by separately located gas turbine-driven electric generators on the airframe. To estimate the benefits associated with this new propulsion concept, a system analysis was performed on a hybrid-wing-body transport configuration to determine fuel burn (or energy usage), community noise and emissions reductions. Findings -- N3-X would be able to reduce energy consumption by 70-72 per cent compared to a reference vehicle, a Boeing 777-200LR, flying the same mission. Predictions for landing and take-off NOX are estimated to be 85 per cent less than the Tier 6-CAEP/6 standard. Two variants of the N3-X vehicle were examined for certification noise and found to have International Civil Aviation Organization Chapter 4 cumulative margins of 32EPNdB and 64EPNdB. Practical implications -- It is expected that the turboelectric distributed propulsion system may indeed provide unprecedented reductions in fuel/energy consumption, community noise and landing and take-off NOX emissions required in future transport aircraft. Originality/value -- The studied propulsion concept is a step change from the conventional propulsion system and addresses growing aviation demands and concerns on the environment and energy usage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aircraft Engineering & Aerospace Technology is the property of Emerald Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Distributed propulsion
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbine-propeller engines
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel consumption
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - Hybrid-wing-body
KW  - Superconducting
KW  - Turboelectric distributed propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 100687461; Kim, Hyun Dae 1; Email Address: Hyun.D.Kim@nasa.gov Felder, James L. 1 Tong, Michael T. 1 Berton, Jeffrey J. 1 Haller, William J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 86 Issue 6, p558; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Distributed propulsion; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbine-propeller engines; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel consumption; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid-wing-body; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superconducting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turboelectric distributed propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1108/AEAT-04-2014-0037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ALFORD, ÉLAN R.
AU  - LINDBLOM, STORMY D.
AU  - PITTARELLO, MARCO
AU  - FREEMAN, JOHN L.
AU  - FAKRA, SIRINE C.
AU  - MARCUS, MATTHEW A.
AU  - ROECKLING, COREY B.
AU  - PILON-SMITS, ELIZABETH A. H.
AU  - PASCHKE, MARK W.
T1  - ROLES OF RHIZOBIAL SYMBIONTS IN SELENIUM HYPERACCUMULATION IN ASTRAGALUS (FABACEAE).
JO  - American Journal of Botany
JF  - American Journal of Botany
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 101
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1895
EP  - 1905
SN  - 00029122
AB  - * Premise of the study: Are there dimensions of symbiotic root interactions that are overlooked because plant mineral nutrition is the foundation and, perhaps too often, the sole explanation through which we view these relationships? In this paper we investigate how the root nodule symbiosis in selenium (Se) hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Astragalus species influences plant selenium (Se) accumulation. * Methods: In greenhouse studies, Se was added to nodulated and nonnodulated hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator Astragalus plants, followed by investigation of nitrogen (N)-Se relationships. Selenium speciation was also investigated, using x-ray microprobe analysis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). * Key results: Nodulation enhanced biomass production and Se to S ratio in both hyperaccumulator and nonaccumulator plants. The hyperaccumulator contained more Se when nodulated, while the nonaccumulator contained less S when nodulated. Shoot [Se] was positively correlated with shoot N in Se-hyperaccumulator species, but not in nonhyperaccumulator species. The x- ray microprobe analysis showed that hyperaccumulators contain significantly higher amounts of organic Se than nonhyperaccumulators. LC-MS of A. bisulcatus leaves revealed that nodulated plants contained more γ-glutamyl-methylselenocysteine (γ-Glu-MeSeCys) than nonnodulated plants, while MeSeCys levels were similar. * Conclusions: Root nodule mutualism positively affects Se hyperaccumulation in Astragalus. The microbial N supply particularly appears to contribute glutamate for the formation of γ-Glu-MeSeCys. Our results provide insight into the significance of symbiotic interactions in plant adaptation to edaphic conditions. Specifically, our findings illustrate that the importance of these relationships are not limited to alleviating macronutrient deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Botany is the property of Botanical Society of America, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANTS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LEGUMES
KW  - LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry
KW  - SELENIUM
KW  - GREENHOUSES
KW  - γ-glutamyl-methylselenocysteine
KW  - Astragalus'
KW  - Fabaceae
KW  - hyperaccumulation
KW  - legume
KW  - nodulation
KW  - selenium
KW  - symbiosis
KW  - x-ray absoiption spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 99586099; ALFORD, ÉLAN R. 1,2,3 LINDBLOM, STORMY D. 4 PITTARELLO, MARCO 4 FREEMAN, JOHN L. 4,5,6 FAKRA, SIRINE C. 7 MARCUS, MATTHEW A. 7 ROECKLING, COREY B. 8 PILON-SMITS, ELIZABETH A. H. 1,4; Email Address: elizabeth.pilon-smits@colostate.edu PASCHKE, MARK W. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA  2: Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA  3: H. T. Harvey & Associates, 983 University Ave., Bldg. D, Los Gatos, California 95032 USA  4: Biology Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA  5: Intrinsyx Technologies Corporation, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  6: Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, 2555 E San Ramon Ave., Fresno, CA 93740  7: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 USA  8: Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 101 Issue 11, p1895; Subject Term: PLANTS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LEGUMES; Subject Term: LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry; Subject Term: SELENIUM; Subject Term: GREENHOUSES; Author-Supplied Keyword: γ-glutamyl-methylselenocysteine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astragalus'; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fabaceae; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperaccumulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: legume; Author-Supplied Keyword: nodulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: selenium; Author-Supplied Keyword: symbiosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: x-ray absoiption spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3732/ajb.1400223
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99586099&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - TREIMAN, ALLAN H.
AU  - MORRIS, RICHARD V.
AU  - AGRESTI, DAVID G.
AU  - GRAFF, TREVOR G.
AU  - ACHILLES, CHERIE N.
AU  - RAMPE, ELIZABETH B.
AU  - BRISTOW, THOMAS F.
AU  - MING, DOUGLAS W.
AU  - BLAKE, DAVID F.
AU  - VANIMAN, DAVID T.
AU  - BISH, DAVID L.
AU  - CHIPERA, STEVE J.
AU  - MORRISON, SHAUNNA M.
AU  - DOWNS, ROBERT T.
T1  - Ferrian saponite from the Santa Monica Mountains (California, U.S.A., Earth): Characterization as an analog for clay minerals on Mars with application to Yellowknife Bay in Gale Crater.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2014/11//Nov/Dec2014
VL  - 99
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2234
EP  - 2250
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - Ferrian saponite from the eastern Santa Monica Mountain, near Griffith Park (Los Angeles, California), was investigated as a mineralogical analog to smectites discovered on Mars by the CheMin X-ray diffraction instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover. The martian clay minerals occur in sediment of basaltic composition and have 02l diffraction bands peaking at 4.59 A, consistent with tri-octahedral smectites. The Griffith saponite occurs in basalts as pseudomorphs after olivine and mesostasis glass and as fillings of vesicles and cracks and has 02l diffraction bands at that same position. We obtained chemical compositions (by electron microprobe), X-ray diffraction patterns with a lab version of the CheMin instrument, Mössbauer spectra, and visible and near-IR reflectance (VNIR) spectra on several samples from that locality. The Griffith saponite is magnesian, Mg/(Mg+ΣFe) = 65-70%, lacks tetrahedral Fe3+ and octahedral Al3+, and has Fe3+ /ΣFe from 64 to 93%. Its chemical composition is consistent with a fully tri-octahedral smectite, but the abundance of Fe3+ gives a nominal excess charge of +1 to +2 per formula unit. The excess charge is likely compensated by substitution of O2- for OH-, causing distortion of octahedral sites as inferred from Mössbauer spectra. We hypothesize that the Griffith saponite was initially deposited with all its iron as Fe2+ and was oxidized later. X-ray diffraction shows a sharp 001 peak at 15 Å, 00l peaks, and a 02l diffraction band at the same position (4.59 A) and shape as those of the martian samples, indicating that the martian saponite is not fully oxidized. VNIR spectra of the Griffith saponite show distinct absorptions at 1.40, 1.90, 2.30-2.32, and 2.40 mu m, arising from H2+O and hydroxyl groups in various settings. The position of the ~2.31 μm spectral feature varies systematically with the redox state of the octahedrally coordinated Fe. This correlation may permit surface oxidation state to be inferred (in some cases) from VNIR spectra of Mars obtained from orbit, and, in any case, ferrian saponite is a viable assignment for spectral detections in the range 2.30-2.32 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SAPONITE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SMECTITE
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - ANALYSIS of clay
KW  - GRIFFITH Park (Los Angeles, Calif.)
KW  - Griffith Park
KW  - Mars
KW  - MSL
KW  - Saponite
KW  - smectite
N1  - Accession Number: 101076527; TREIMAN, ALLAN H. 1; Email Address: Treiman@lpi.usra.edu MORRIS, RICHARD V. 2 AGRESTI, DAVID G. 3 GRAFF, TREVOR G. 4 ACHILLES, CHERIE N. 5,6 RAMPE, ELIZABETH B. 2 BRISTOW, THOMAS F. 7 MING, DOUGLAS W. 2 BLAKE, DAVID F. 7 VANIMAN, DAVID T. 8 BISH, DAVID L. 6 CHIPERA, STEVE J. 9 MORRISON, SHAUNNA M. 10 DOWNS, ROBERT T. 10; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.  2: ARES Directorate, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.  3: Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, U.S.A.  4: Jacobs Engineering, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.  5: ESCG/UTC Aerospace Systems, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.  6: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, U.S.A.  7: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, U.S.A.  8: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Tucson, Arizona 85719-2395, U.S.A.  9: Chesapeake Energy Corporation, 6100 N. Western Avenue, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73118, U.S.A.  10: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A.; Source Info: Nov/Dec2014, Vol. 99 Issue 11/12, p2234; Subject Term: SAPONITE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SMECTITE; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of clay; Subject Term: GRIFFITH Park (Los Angeles, Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Griffith Park; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saponite; Author-Supplied Keyword: smectite; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2138/am-2014-4763
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101076527&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beltrán, M. T.
AU  - Cesaroni, R.
AU  - Galli, D.
AU  - Moscadelli, L.
AU  - Sánchez-Monge, Á.
AU  - Walmsley, C. M.
AU  - Vig, S.
AU  - Wang, K.-S.
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
AU  - Elia, D.
AU  - Schisano, E.
AU  - Kumar, M. S. N.
AU  - Etoka, S.
AU  - Furuya, R. S.
AU  - Stanke, T.
AU  - van der Tak, F. F. S.
T1  - Filamentary structure and Keplerian rotation in the high-mass star-forming region G35.03+0.35 imaged with ALMA.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 571
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Theoretical scenarios propose that high-mass stars are formed by disk-mediated accretion. Aims. To test the theoretical predictions on the formation of massive stars, we wish to make a thorough study at high-angular resolution of the structure and kinematics of the dust and gas emission toward the high-mass star-forming region G35.03+0.35, which harbors a disk candidate around a B-type (proto)star. Methods. We carried out ALMA Cycle 0 observations at 870 μm of dust of typical high-density, molecular outflow, and cloud tracers with resolutions of <0.''5. Complementary Subaru COMICS 25 μm observations were carried out to trace the mid-infrared emission toward this star-forming region. Results. The submillimeter continuum emission has revealed a filamentary structure fragmented into six cores, called A-F. The filament could be in quasi-equilibrium taking into account that the mass per unit length of the filament, 200-375 M☉/pc, is similar to the critical mass of a thermally and turbulently supported infinite cylinder, ∼335 M☉/pc. The cores, which are on average separated by ∼0.02 pc, have deconvolved sizes of 1300-3400 AU, temperatures of 35-240 K, H2 densities >107 cm -3, and masses in the range 1-5 M☉, and they are subcritical. Core A, which is associated with a hypercompact Hii region and could be the driving source of the molecular outflow observed in the region, is the most chemically rich source in G35.03+0.35 with strong emission of typical hot core tracers such as CH3CN. Tracers of high density and excitation show a clear velocity gradient along the major axis of the core, which is consistent with a disk rotating about the axis of the associated outflow. The PV plots along the SE-NW direction of the velocity gradient show clear signatures of Keplerian rotation, although infall could also be present, and they are consistent with the pattern of an edge-on Keplerian disk rotating about a star with a mass in the range 5-13 M☉. The high tff/trot ratio for core A suggests that the structure rotates fast and that the accreting material has time to settle into a centrifugally supported disk. Conclusions. G35.03+0.35 is one of the most convincing examples of Keplerian disks rotating about high-mass (proto)stars. This supports theoretical scenarios according to which high-mass stars, at least B-type stars, would form through disk-mediated accretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - H II regions (Astrophysics)
KW  - HII regions
KW  - ISM: individual objects: G35.03+0.35
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: kinematics and dynamics
KW  - ATACAMA Large Millimeter Array (Project)
N1  - Accession Number: 99580533; Beltrán, M. T. 1 Cesaroni, R. 1 Galli, D. 1 Moscadelli, L. 1 Sánchez-Monge, Á. 1,2 Walmsley, C. M. 1,3 Vig, S. 4 Wang, K.-S. 5,6 Zinnecker, H. 7 Elia, D. 8 Schisano, E. 9 Kumar, M. S. N. 10 Etoka, S. 10 Furuya, R. S. 10 Stanke, T. 10 van der Tak, F. F. S. 10; Affiliation:  1: INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy  2: I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany  3: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies (DIAS), 31 Fitzwilliam Place, 2 Dublin, Ireland  4: Dept. of Earth and Space Science, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, 695 547 Kerala, India  5: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  6: Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, PO Box 23-141, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, PR China  7: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Mailstop 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF, via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy  9: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  10: Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 571, p1; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: H II regions (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: HII regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: G35.03+0.35; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: kinematics and dynamics; Company/Entity: ATACAMA Large Millimeter Array (Project); Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201424031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99580533&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Erb, Dawn K.
AU  - Steidel, Charles C.
AU  - Trainor, Ryan F.
AU  - Bogosavljević, Milan
AU  - Shapley, Alice E.
AU  - Nestor, Daniel B.
AU  - Kulas, Kristin R.
AU  - Law, David R.
AU  - Strom, Allison L.
AU  - Rudie, Gwen C.
AU  - Reddy, Naveen A.
AU  - Pettini, Max
AU  - Konidaris, Nicholas P.
AU  - Mace, Gregory
AU  - Matthews, Keith
AU  - McLean, Ian S.
T1  - THE Lyα PROPERTIES OF FAINT GALAXIES AT z ∼ 2-3 WITH SYSTEMIC REDSHIFTS AND VELOCITY DISPERSIONS FROM KECK-MOSFIRE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11//11/1/2014
VL  - 795
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We study the Lyα profiles of 36 spectroscopically detected Lyα-emitters (LAEs) at z ∼ 2-3, using Keck MOSFIRE to measure systemic redshifts and velocity dispersions from rest-frame optical nebular emission lines. The sample has a median optical magnitude , and ranges from to , corresponding to rest-frame UV absolute magnitudes MUV ≃ –22 to MUV > –18.2. Dynamical masses range from Mdyn < 1.3 × 108M☼ to Mdyn = 6.8 × 109M☼, with a median value of Mdyn = 6.3 × 108M☼. Thirty of the 36 Lyα emission lines are redshifted with respect to the systemic velocity with at least 1σ significance, and the velocity offset with respect to systemic ΔvLyα is correlated with the -band magnitude, MUV, and the velocity dispersion measured from nebular emission lines with >3σ significance: brighter galaxies with larger velocity dispersions tend to have larger values of ΔvLyα. We also make use of a comparison sample of 122 UV-color-selected galaxies at z ∼ 2, all with Lyα emission and systemic redshifts measured from nebular emission lines. Using the combined LAE and comparison samples for a total of 158 individual galaxies, we find that ΔvLyα is anti-correlated with the Lyα equivalent width with 7σ significance. Our results are consistent with a scenario in which the Lyα profile is determined primarily by the properties of the gas near the systemic redshift; in such a scenario, the opacity to Lyα photons in lower mass galaxies may be reduced if large gaseous disks have not yet developed and if the gas is ionized by the harder spectrum of young, low metallicity stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - VELOCITY
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - DENSITY wave theory
N1  - Accession Number: 98898195; Erb, Dawn K. 1; Email Address: erbd@uwm.edu Steidel, Charles C. 2 Trainor, Ryan F. 2 Bogosavljević, Milan 3 Shapley, Alice E. 4 Nestor, Daniel B. 4 Kulas, Kristin R. 5,6 Law, David R. 7 Strom, Allison L. 2 Rudie, Gwen C. 7,8,9 Reddy, Naveen A. 10 Pettini, Max 11 Konidaris, Nicholas P. 2 Mace, Gregory 4 Matthews, Keith 2 McLean, Ian S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Gravitation, Cosmology and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, 1900 East Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA  2: Cahill Center for Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1216 East California Boulevard, MS 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Astronomical Observatory, Volgina 7, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Bldg. 211, Room 112, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  6: NASA Postdoctoral Fellow.  7: Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H4, Canada  8: Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  9: Carnegie-Princeton Fellow.  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA  11: Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK; Source Info: 11/1/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: DENSITY wave theory; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/1/33
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98898195&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horch, Elliott P.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Everett, Mark E.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
T1  - MOST SUB-ARCSECOND COMPANIONS OF KEPLER EXOPLANET CANDIDATE HOST STARS ARE GRAVITATIONALLY BOUND.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11//11/1/2014
VL  - 795
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Using the known detection limits for high-resolution imaging observations and the statistical properties of true binary and line-of-sight companions, we estimate the binary fraction of Kepler exoplanet host stars. Our speckle imaging programs at the WIYN 3.5 m and Gemini North 8.1 m telescopes have observed over 600 Kepler objects of interest and detected 49 stellar companions within ∼1 arcsec. Assuming binary stars follow a log-normal period distribution for an effective temperature range of 3000-10,000 K, then the model predicts that the vast majority of detected sub-arcsecond companions are long period (P > 50 yr), gravitationally bound companions. In comparing the model predictions to the number of real detections in both observational programs, we conclude that the overall binary fraction of host stars is similar to the 40%-50% rate observed for field stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - SPECKLE interferometry
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 98898151; Horch, Elliott P. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: horche2@southernct.edu Howell, Steve B. 3,4,5; Email Address: steve.b.howell@nasa.gov Everett, Mark E. 3,4,6; Email Address: everett@noao.edu Ciardi, David R. 3,4,7; Email Address: ciardi@ipac.caltech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA  2: Adjunct Astronomer, Lowell Observatory.  3: Visiting Astronomer, Gemini Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (United Kingdom), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), the Australian Research Council (Australia), Ministério da Ciéncia, Tecnologia e Inovañao (Brazil), and Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Argentina).  4: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  7: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Mail Code 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: SPECKLE interferometry; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/1/60
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98898151&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kipping, D. M.
AU  - Torres, G.
AU  - Buchhave, L. A.
AU  - Kenyon, S. J.
AU  - Henze, C.
AU  - Isaacson, H.
AU  - Kolbl, R.
AU  - Marcy, G. W.
AU  - Bryson, S. T.
AU  - Stassun, K.
AU  - Bastien, F.
T1  - DISCOVERY OF A TRANSITING PLANET NEAR THE SNOW-LINE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11//11/1/2014
VL  - 795
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In most theories of planet formation, the snow-line represents a boundary between the emergence of the interior rocky planets and the exterior ice giants. The wide separation of the snow-line makes the discovery of transiting worlds challenging, yet transits would allow for detailed subsequent characterization. We present the discovery of Kepler-421b, a Uranus-sized exoplanet transiting a G9/K0 dwarf once every 704.2 days in a near-circular orbit. Using public Kepler photometry, we demonstrate that the two observed transits can be uniquely attributed to the 704.2 day period. Detailed light curve analysis with BLENDER validates the planetary nature of Kepler-421b to >4σ confidence. Kepler-421b receives the same insolation as a body at ∼2 AU in the solar system, as well as a Uranian albedo, which would have an effective temperature of ∼180 K. Using a time-dependent model for the protoplanetary disk, we estimate that Kepler-421b's present semi-major axis was beyond the snow-line after ∼3 Myr, indicating that Kepler-421b may have formed at its observed location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - SNOW
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
N1  - Accession Number: 98898115; Kipping, D. M. 1,2; Email Address: dkipping@cfa.harvard.edu Torres, G. 1 Buchhave, L. A. 1,3 Kenyon, S. J. 1 Henze, C. 4 Isaacson, H. 5 Kolbl, R. 5 Marcy, G. W. 5 Bryson, S. T. 4 Stassun, K. 6,7 Bastien, F. 7; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: NASA Carl Sagan Fellow.  3: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 1807 Station B, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  7: Physics Department, Fisk University, 1000 17th Ave. N, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: SNOW; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/1/25
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98898115&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pascucci, I.
AU  - Ricci, L.
AU  - Gorti, U.
AU  - Hollenbach, D.
AU  - Hendler, N. P.
AU  - Brooks, K. J.
AU  - Contreras, Y.
T1  - LOW EXTREME-ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITIES IMPINGING ON PROTOPLANETARY DISKS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11//11/1/2014
VL  - 795
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The amount of high-energy stellar radiation reaching the surface of protoplanetary disks is essential to determine their chemistry and physical evolution. Here, we use millimetric and centimetric radio data to constrain the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) luminosity impinging on 14 disks around young (∼2-10 Myr) sun-like stars. For each object we identify the long-wavelength emission in excess to the dust thermal emission, attribute that to free-free disk emission, and thereby compute an upper limit to the EUV reaching the disk. We find upper limits lower than 1042 photons s–1 for all sources without jets and lower than 5 × 1040 photons s–1 for the three older sources in our sample. These latter values are low for EUV-driven photoevaporation alone to clear out protoplanetary material in the timescale inferred by observations. In addition, our EUV upper limits are too low to reproduce the [Ne II] 12.81 μm luminosities from three disks with slow [Ne II]-detected winds. This indicates that the [Ne II] line in these sources primarily traces a mostly neutral wind where Ne is ionized by 1 keV X-ray photons, implying higher photoevaporative mass loss rates than those predicted by EUV-driven models alone. In summary, our results suggest that high-energy stellar photons other than EUV may dominate the dispersal of protoplanetary disks around sun-like stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR radiation
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 98898138; Pascucci, I. 1; Email Address: pascucci@lpl.arizona.edu Ricci, L. 2 Gorti, U. 3,4 Hollenbach, D. 3 Hendler, N. P. 1 Brooks, K. J. 5 Contreras, Y. 5; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA.  5: Australia Telescope National Facility, P.O. Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia; Source Info: 11/1/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR radiation; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/1/1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98898138&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, Hanwant B.
T1  - Editorial for Peter Brimblecombe Virtual Special Issue (VSI).
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 97
M3  - Article
SP  - A4
EP  - A5
SN  - 13522310
KW  - AIR pollution -- Research
KW  - PUBLICATIONS
KW  - PERIODICALS -- Articles
KW  - ARTICLES (Published materials)
KW  - PUBLISHERS & publishing
KW  - AUTHORS
N1  - Accession Number: 98356120; Singh, Hanwant B. 1; Email Address: Hanwant.B.Singh@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Environment, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 97, pA4; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Research; Subject Term: PUBLICATIONS; Subject Term: PERIODICALS -- Articles; Subject Term: ARTICLES (Published materials); Subject Term: PUBLISHERS & publishing; Subject Term: AUTHORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 711513 Independent writers and authors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 711510 Independent Artists, Writers, and Performers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511130 Book Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.059
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98356120&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - The effect of general statistical fiber misalignment on predicted damage initiation in composites.
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 66
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 108
SN  - 13598368
AB  - A micromechanical method is employed for the prediction of unidirectional composites in which the fiber orientation can possess various statistical misalignment distributions. The method relies on the probability-weighted averaging of the appropriate concentration tensors, which are established by the micromechanical procedure. This approach provides access to the local field quantities throughout the constituents, from which initiation of damage in the composite can be predicted. In contrast, a typical macromechanical procedure can determine the effective composite elastic properties in the presence of statistical fiber misalignment, but cannot provide the local fields. Fully random fiber distribution is presented as a special case using the proposed micromechanical method. Results are given that illustrate the effects of various amounts of fiber misalignment in terms of the standard deviations of in-plane and out-of-plane misalignment angles, where normal distributions have been employed. Damage initiation envelopes, local fields, effective moduli, and strengths are predicted for polymer and ceramic matrix composites with given normal distributions of misalignment angles, as well as fully random fiber orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - FIBER orientation
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - B. Directional orientation
KW  - B. Strength
KW  - C. Analytical modelling
KW  - C. Micro-mechanics
KW  - High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells
N1  - Accession Number: 97641210; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: Brett.A.Bednarcyk@nasa.gov Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 66, p97; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: FIBER orientation; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Directional orientation; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Analytical modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Micro-mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.04.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97641210&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lang, Christapher
AU  - Makhija, David
AU  - Doostan, Alireza
AU  - Maute, Kurt
T1  - A simple and efficient preconditioning scheme for heaviside enriched XFEM.
JO  - Computational Mechanics
JF  - Computational Mechanics
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 54
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1357
EP  - 1374
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01787675
AB  - The extended finite element method (XFEM) is an approach for solving problems with non-smooth solutions, which arise from geometric features such as cracks, holes, and material inclusions. In the XFEM, the approximate solution is locally enriched to capture the discontinuities without requiring a mesh which conforms to the geometric features. One drawback of the XFEM is that an ill-conditioned system of equations results when the ratio of volumes on either side of the interface in an element is small. Such interface configurations are often unavoidable, in particular for moving interface problems on fixed meshes. In general, the ill-conditioning reduces the performance of iterative linear solvers and impedes the convergence of solvers for nonlinear problems. This paper studies the XFEM with a Heaviside enrichment strategy for solving problems with stationary and moving material interfaces. A generalized formulation of the XFEM is combined with the level set method to implicitly define the embedded interface geometry. In order to avoid the ill-conditioning, a simple and efficient scheme based on a geometric preconditioner and constraining degrees of freedom to zero for small intersections is proposed. The geometric preconditioner is computed from the nodal basis functions, and therefore may be constructed prior to building the system of equations. This feature and the low-cost of constructing the preconditioning matrix makes it well suited for nonlinear problems with fixed and moving interfaces. It is shown by numerical examples that the proposed preconditioning scheme performs well for discontinuous problems and $$C^0$$ -continuous problems with both the stabilized Lagrange and Nitsche methods for enforcing the continuity constraint at the interface. Numerical examples are presented which compare the condition number and solution error with and without the proposed preconditioning scheme. The results suggest that the proposed preconditioning scheme leads to condition numbers similar to that of a body-fitted mesh using the traditional finite element method without loss of solution accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - NONSMOOTH optimization
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - APPROXIMATE solutions (Logic)
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - Extended finite element method
KW  - Heaviside enrichment
KW  - Ill-condition
KW  - Level set method
KW  - Preconditioner
N1  - Accession Number: 98716202; Lang, Christapher 1 Makhija, David 2 Doostan, Alireza 2; Email Address: doostan@colorado.edu Maute, Kurt 2; Affiliation:  1: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  2: Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 54 Issue 5, p1357; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: NONSMOOTH optimization; Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: APPROXIMATE solutions (Logic); Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Extended finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heaviside enrichment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ill-condition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Level set method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preconditioner; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00466-014-1063-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98716202&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nast, T.C.
AU  - Frank, D.J.
AU  - Feller, J.
T1  - Multilayer insulation considerations for large propellant tanks.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 64
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 111
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Multilayer insulation (MLI) systems for cryogenic instrument Dewars have demonstrated very high thermal performance in ground and orbit. Ground tests of insulation systems on propellant storage size tanks have shown performance and repeatability issues. This paper presents a summary of studies for National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) focused on MLI systems on the larger Tankage. The sensitivity of boil off to MLI thermal conductivity is presented. The effect of compressions, assembly joints and MLI parameters are presented. A novel large tank simulator approach for MLI testing is presented along with recommendations for maturation of the MLI technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL insulation
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - STORAGE tanks
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - Cryogenic insulation
KW  - Hydrogen tank insulation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 99829080; Nast, T.C. 1 Frank, D.J. 1; Email Address: david.frank.mail@gmail.com Feller, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 64, p105; Subject Term: THERMAL insulation; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: STORAGE tanks; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen tank insulation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423330 Roofing, Siding, and Insulation Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.02.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99829080&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dye, S.A.
AU  - Johnson, W.L.
AU  - Plachta, D.W.
AU  - Mills, G.L.
AU  - Buchanan, L.
AU  - Kopelove, A.B.
T1  - Design, fabrication and test of Load Bearing multilayer insulation to support a broad area cooled shield.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 64
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 140
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Improvements in cryogenic propellant storage are needed to achieve reduced or Zero Boil Off of cryopropellants, critical for long duration missions. Techniques for reducing heat leak into cryotanks include using passive multi-layer insulation (MLI) and vapor cooled or actively cooled thermal shields. Large scale shields cannot be supported by tank structural supports without heat leak through the supports. Traditional MLI also cannot support shield structural loads, and separate shield support mechanisms add significant heat leak. Quest Thermal Group and Ball Aerospace, with NASA SBIR support, have developed a novel Load Bearing multi-layer insulation (LBMLI) capable of self-supporting thermal shields and providing high thermal performance. We report on the development of LBMLI, including design, modeling and analysis, structural testing via vibe and acoustic loading, calorimeter thermal testing, and Reduced Boil-Off (RBO) testing on NASA large scale cryotanks. LBMLI uses the strength of discrete polymer spacers to control interlayer spacing and support the external load of an actively cooled shield and external MLI. Structural testing at NASA Marshall was performed to beyond maximum launch profiles without failure. LBMLI coupons were thermally tested on calorimeters, with superior performance to traditional MLI on a per layer basis. Thermal and structural tests were performed with LBMLI supporting an actively cooled shield, and comparisons are made to the performance of traditional MLI and thermal shield supports. LBMLI provided a 51% reduction in heat leak per layer over a previously tested traditional MLI with tank standoffs, a 38% reduction in mass, and was advanced to TRL5. Active thermal control using LBMLI and a broad area cooled shield offers significant advantages in total system heat flux, mass and structural robustness for future Reduced Boil-Off and Zero Boil-Off cryogenic missions with durations over a few weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - FABRICATION (Manufacturing)
KW  - INSULATING materials
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - COOLING
KW  - Active thermal control
KW  - BAC broad area cooled shield
KW  - Broad area cooled shield
KW  - CBRS cryogenic boil-off reduction system
KW  - DAM dual aluminized mylar
KW  - FEA finite element analysis
KW  - IMLI integrated multilayer insulation
KW  - Integrated multilayer insulation
KW  - LBMLI Load Bearing multilayer insulation
KW  - Load Bearing MLI
KW  - LRMLI Load Responsive multilayer insulation
KW  - MLI multilayer insulation
KW  - MMOD micrometeoroid/orbital debris
KW  - RBO Reduced Boil-Off
KW  - SOFI spray on foam insulation
KW  - TRL technology readiness level
KW  - VATA Vibro Acoustic Test Article
KW  - ZBO Zero Boil-Off
N1  - Accession Number: 99829065; Dye, S.A. 1 Johnson, W.L. 2 Plachta, D.W. 3 Mills, G.L. 4 Buchanan, L. 4 Kopelove, A.B. 1; Email Address: alan.kopelove@questthermal.com; Affiliation:  1: Quest Thermal Group, 6452 Fig St. Unit A, Arvada, CO 80004, United States  2: Cryogenics Test Laboratory, NASA Kennedy Space Center, United States  3: Propulsion and Propellants Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, United States  4: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., 1600 Commerce St., Boulder CO 80301, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 64, p135; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: FABRICATION (Manufacturing); Subject Term: INSULATING materials; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: COOLING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active thermal control; Author-Supplied Keyword: BAC broad area cooled shield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broad area cooled shield; Author-Supplied Keyword: CBRS cryogenic boil-off reduction system; Author-Supplied Keyword: DAM dual aluminized mylar; Author-Supplied Keyword: FEA finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: IMLI integrated multilayer insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated multilayer insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: LBMLI Load Bearing multilayer insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Load Bearing MLI; Author-Supplied Keyword: LRMLI Load Responsive multilayer insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: MLI multilayer insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: MMOD micrometeoroid/orbital debris; Author-Supplied Keyword: RBO Reduced Boil-Off; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFI spray on foam insulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: TRL technology readiness level; Author-Supplied Keyword: VATA Vibro Acoustic Test Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: ZBO Zero Boil-Off; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.06.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99829065&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, J.W.
AU  - Darr, S.R.
AU  - McQuillen, J.B.
AU  - Rame, E.
AU  - Chato, D.J.
T1  - A steady state pressure drop model for screen channel liquid acquisition devices.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 64
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 271
SN  - 00112275
AB  - This paper presents the derivation of a simplified one dimensional (1D) steady state pressure drop model for flow through a porous liquid acquisition device (LAD) inside a cryogenic propellant tank. Experimental data is also presented from cryogenic LAD tests in liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) and liquid oxygen (LOX) to compare against the simplified model and to validate the model at cryogenic temperatures. The purpose of the experiments was to identify the various pressure drop contributions in the analytical model which govern LAD channel behavior during dynamic, steady state outflow. LH 2 pipe flow of LAD screen samples measured the second order flow-through-screen (FTS) pressure drop, horizontal LOX LAD outflow tests determined the relative magnitude of the third order frictional and dynamic losses within the channel, while LH 2 inverted vertical outflow tests determined the magnitude of the first order hydrostatic pressure loss and validity of the full 1D model. When compared to room temperature predictions, the FTS pressure drop is shown to be temperature dependent, with a significant increase in flow resistance at LH 2 temperatures. Model predictions of frictional and dynamic losses down the channel compare qualitatively with LOX LADs data. Meanwhile, the 1D model predicted breakdown points track the trends in the LH 2 inverted outflow experimental results, with discrepancies being due to a non-uniform injection velocity across the LAD screen not accounted for in the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROSTATIC pressure
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - NON-uniform flows (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - HEAT losses
KW  - Cryogenic fluid management
KW  - Fuel depot
KW  - Liquid acquisition devices
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Porous screen
KW  - Thermodynamic vent heat exchanger
N1  - Accession Number: 99829089; Hartwig, J.W. 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Darr, S.R. 2 McQuillen, J.B. 3 Rame, E. 4 Chato, D.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Propulsion and Propellants Branch, Glenn Research Center, United States  2: University of Florida, United States  3: Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, Glenn Research Center, United States  4: National Center for Microgravity Research, Glenn Research Center, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 64, p260; Subject Term: HYDROSTATIC pressure; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: NON-uniform flows (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: HEAT losses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic fluid management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel depot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous screen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermodynamic vent heat exchanger; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.03.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99829089&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, J.W.
AU  - Chato, D.J.
AU  - McQuillen, J.B.
AU  - Vera, J.
AU  - Kudlac, M.T.
AU  - Quinn, F.D.
T1  - Screen channel liquid acquisition device outflow tests in liquid hydrogen.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 64
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 306
SN  - 00112275
AB  - This paper presents experimental design and test results of the recently concluded 1-g inverted vertical outflow testing of two 325 × 2300 full scale liquid acquisition device (LAD) channels in liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ). One of the channels had a perforated plate and internal cooling from a thermodynamic vent system (TVS) to enhance performance. The LADs were mounted in a tank to simulate 1-g outflow over a wide range of LH 2 temperatures (20.3–24.2 K), pressures (100–350 kPa), and flow rates (0.010–0.055 kg/s). Results indicate that the breakdown point is dominated by liquid temperature, with a second order dependence on mass flow rate through the LAD. The best performance is always achieved in the coldest liquid states for both channels, consistent with bubble point theory. Higher flow rates cause the standard channel to break down relatively earlier than the TVS cooled channel. Both the internal TVS heat exchanger and subcooling the liquid in the propellant tank are shown to significantly improve LAD performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - COOLING
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - HEAT exchangers
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Cryogenic fluid management
KW  - Fuel depot
KW  - Liquid acquisition devices
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Subcooled liquid
KW  - Thermodynamic vent heat exchanger
N1  - Accession Number: 99829068; Hartwig, J.W. 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Chato, D.J. 1 McQuillen, J.B. 2 Vera, J. 3 Kudlac, M.T. 3 Quinn, F.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Propulsion and Propellants Branch, Glenn Research Center, United States  2: Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, Glenn Research Center, United States  3: Fluids Systems and Engineering Branch, Glenn Research Center, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 64, p295; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: HEAT exchangers; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic fluid management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel depot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subcooled liquid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermodynamic vent heat exchanger; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.02.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99829068&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - E-Martín, Yolanda
AU  - R-Moreno, María D.
AU  - Smith, David E.
T1  - Progressive heuristic search for probabilistic planning based on interaction estimates.
JO  - Expert Systems
JF  - Expert Systems
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 31
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 421
EP  - 436
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 02664720
AB  - Development of real planning and scheduling applications often requires the ability to handle uncertainty. Often this uncertainty is represented using probability information on the initial conditions and on the outcomes of actions. In this paper, we describe a novel probabilistic plan graph heuristic that computes information about the interaction between actions and between propositions. This information is used to find better relaxed plans and to compute their probability of success. This information guides a forward state space search for high probability, non-branching seed plans. These plans are then used in a planning and scheduling system that handles unexpected outcomes by runtime replanning. We briefly describe the heuristic, the search process, and the results on different domains from recent international planning competitions. We discuss the results of this study and some of the issues involved in advancing this work further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Expert Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEURISTIC
KW  - AUTOMATED planning & scheduling
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - DETERMINISTIC processes
KW  - OBJECT-oriented methods (Computer science)
KW  - heuristic search
KW  - interaction
KW  - planning graphs
KW  - probabilistic planning
N1  - Accession Number: 99255659; E-Martín, Yolanda 1,2 R-Moreno, María D. 2 Smith, David E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association (USRA)  2: Departamento de Automática, Universidad de Alcalá  3: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 31 Issue 5, p421; Subject Term: HEURISTIC; Subject Term: AUTOMATED planning & scheduling; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: DETERMINISTIC processes; Subject Term: OBJECT-oriented methods (Computer science); Author-Supplied Keyword: heuristic search; Author-Supplied Keyword: interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: planning graphs; Author-Supplied Keyword: probabilistic planning; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/exsy.12037
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99255659&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Houghton, J.
AU  - Fike, D.
AU  - Druschel, G.
AU  - Orphan, V.
AU  - Hoehler, T. M.
AU  - Des Marais, D. J.
T1  - Spatial variability in photosynthetic and heterotrophic activity drives localized δ13Corg fluctuations and carbonate precipitation in hypersaline microbial mats.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 12
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 557
EP  - 574
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Modern laminated photosynthetic microbial mats are ideal environments to study how microbial activity creates and modifies carbon and sulfur isotopic signatures prior to lithification. Laminated microbial mats from a hypersaline lagoon (Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico) maintained in a flume in a greenhouse at NASA Ames Research Center were sampled for δ13C of organic material and carbonate to assess the impact of carbon fixation (e.g., photosynthesis) and decomposition (e.g., bacterial respiration) on δ13C signatures. In the photic zone, the δ13Corg signature records a complex relationship between the activities of cyanobacteria under variable conditions of CO2 limitation with a significant contribution from green sulfur bacteria using the reductive TCA cycle for carbon fixation. Carbonate is present in some layers of the mat, associated with high concentrations of bacteriochlorophyll e (characteristic of green sulfur bacteria) and exhibits δ13C signatures similar to DIC in the overlying water column (−2.0‰), with small but variable decreases consistent with localized heterotrophic activity from sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Model results indicate respiration rates in the upper 12 mm of the mat alter in situ pH and [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- Research
KW  - SPATIAL systems
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - CARBONATE synthesis
KW  - LAGOONS
N1  - Accession Number: 98857961; Houghton, J. 1 Fike, D. 1 Druschel, G. 2 Orphan, V. 3 Hoehler, T. M. 4 Des Marais, D. J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University  2: Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis  3: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology  4: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 12 Issue 6, p557; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS -- Research; Subject Term: SPATIAL systems; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: CARBONATE synthesis; Subject Term: LAGOONS; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12113
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98857961&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodríguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Gulick, Virginia C.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Platz, Thomas
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Rice, James W.
AU  - Glines, Natalie
T1  - Evidence for Middle Amazonian catastrophic flooding and glaciation on Mars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 242
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 210
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Early geologic investigations of Mars revealed some of the largest channels in the Solar System (outflow channels), which appear to have mostly developed ∼3 byr ago. These channels have been the subject of much scientific inquiry since the 1970s and proposed formative processes included surface erosion by catastrophic floods, glaciers, debris flows and lava flows. Based on the analysis of newly acquired Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context (CTX, 5.15–5.91 m/pixel) and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE, 25–50 cm/pixel) image data, we have identified a few locations contained within relatively narrow canyons of the southern circum-Chryse outflow channels that retain well-preserved decameter/hectometer-scale landform assemblages. These terrains include landforms consistent in shape, dimension and overall assemblage to those produced by catastrophic floods, and at one location, to glacial morphologies. Impact crater statistics for four of these surfaces, located within upstream, midstream and downstream outflow channel surfaces, yield an age estimate of ∼600 myr. This suggests that the southern circum-Chryse outflow channels were locally resurfaced by some of the most recent catastrophic floods on the planet, and that these floods coexisted within regional glacier environments as recently as during the Middle Amazonian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLACIATION
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Surface
KW  - MARS Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 99230462; Rodríguez, J. Alexis P. 1,2; Email Address: Alexis.Rodriguez@NASA.gov Gulick, Virginia C. 1,3 Baker, Victor R. 4 Platz, Thomas 2,5 Fairén, Alberto G. 6 Miyamoto, Hideaki 7 Kargel, Jeffrey S. 4 Rice, James W. 2 Glines, Natalie 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany  6: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 426 Space Sciences Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  7: The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 242, p202; Subject Term: GLACIATION; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Company/Entity: MARS Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.06.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99230462&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iturbe, Xabier
AU  - Ebrahim, Ali
AU  - Benkrid, Khaled
AU  - Hong, Chuan
AU  - Arslan, Tughrul
AU  - Perez, Jon
AU  - Keymeulen, Didier
AU  - Santambrogio, Marco D.
T1  - R3TOS-Based Autonomous Fault-Tolerant Systems.
JO  - IEEE Micro
JF  - IEEE Micro
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 34
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 30
SN  - 02721732
AB  - An autonomous fault-tolerant system (AFTS) is one that can reconfigure its own resources in the presence of permanent defects and spontaneous random faults occurring in its silicon substrate in order to maintain the original functionality. This capability makes an AFTS especially suitable for use in harsh environments, where traditional electronics technology is susceptible to failure. This article describes the contributions of the Reliable Reconfigurable Real-Time Operating System (R3TOS) for building an AFTS using currently available Xilinx partially-reconfigurable field-programmable gate arrays. Namely, this article discusses what R3TOS offers for developing durable, dependable, and real-time embedded systems to be used in rugged environments. In this context, the article presents an R3TOS-based inverter controller of a real-world railway traction system that is proven to recover from most of the errors injected without requiring any human intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Micro is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FAULT-tolerant computing
KW  - SILICON
KW  - ELECTRONICS
KW  - FIELD programmable gate arrays
KW  - ELECTRIC inverters
KW  - Circuit faults
KW  - Embedded systems
KW  - fault tolerance
KW  - Field programmable gate arrays
KW  - Integrated circuits
KW  - Pulse width modulation
KW  - R3TOS
KW  - real-time and embedded systems
KW  - Real-time systems
KW  - Reconfigurable architectures
KW  - reconfigurable hardware
KW  - Runtime
KW  - Synchronization
KW  - Table lookup
N1  - Accession Number: 100027894; Iturbe, Xabier 1 Ebrahim, Ali 1 Benkrid, Khaled 1 Hong, Chuan 1 Arslan, Tughrul 1 Perez, Jon 2 Keymeulen, Didier 3 Santambrogio, Marco D. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Edinburgh  2: IK4-Ikerlan  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  4: Politecnico di Milano; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 34 Issue 6, p20; Subject Term: FAULT-tolerant computing; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: ELECTRONICS; Subject Term: FIELD programmable gate arrays; Subject Term: ELECTRIC inverters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circuit faults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Embedded systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field programmable gate arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrated circuits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulse width modulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: R3TOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: real-time and embedded systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Real-time systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reconfigurable architectures; Author-Supplied Keyword: reconfigurable hardware; Author-Supplied Keyword: Runtime; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synchronization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Table lookup; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/MM.2014.58
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100027894&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nessel, James A.
AU  - Manning, Robert M.
T1  - Derivation of Microwave Refractive Index Structure Constant (Cn^{2}) of the Atmosphere From K-Band Interferometric Phase Measurements.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 62
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 5590
EP  - 5598
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - Differential phase data has been collected using a site test interferometer (STI) at K-band for several years at various NASA ground station sites, including the NASA Deep Space Network (DSN) in Goldstone, CA, and the NASA Space Network (SN) sites in White Sands, NM, and Guam. An objective of this work is to characterize the site-dependent atmospheric phase stability to determine the viability of that site for arraying applications. A useful figure of merit to quantify this effect is the determination of the microwave refractive index structure constant, Cn^{2}, which is highly dependent on variations in the water vapor concentration of the troposphere. In this paper, a method is proposed to derive C{n}^{{2}} from a two-element site test interferometer utilizing temporal phase structure function information. In this way, a path-averaged C{n}^{{2}} at each ground station site is determined which can be used in the design and expected system performance of future Ka-band communication systems in an arrayed architecture. Statistical characterization of microwave C{n}^{{2}} indicates that a mean value of 2.04 \times 10^-14, 2.08\times 10^-14, and 9.8\times 10^-13 is expected for Goldstone, CA, White Sands, NM, and Guam, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - MICROWAVE propagation
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC wave propagation
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER wave propagation
KW  - Antenna arrays
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - atmospheric propagation
KW  - Fluctuations
KW  - interferometry
KW  - Microwave communication
KW  - microwave propagation
KW  - NASA
KW  - Refractive index
N1  - Accession Number: 99174884; Nessel, James A. 1 Manning, Robert M. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 62 Issue 11, p5590; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: MICROWAVE propagation; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC wave propagation; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER wave propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluctuations; Author-Supplied Keyword: interferometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refractive index; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2014.2347997
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99174884&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Acar, E.
AU  - Karaca, H. E.
AU  - Tobe, H.
AU  - Noebe, R. D.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y. I.
T1  - Orientation dependence of the shape memory properties in aged Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Pd5 single crystals.
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 54
M3  - Article
SP  - 60
EP  - 68
SN  - 09669795
AB  - The shape memory properties of Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Pd5 single crystals aged at 550 °C for 3 h and at 600 °C for 48 h were investigated along the [111], [011] and [-117] orientations in compression. The material was stronger along the [-117] orientation compared to the [111] and [011] orientations based on load-biased thermal cycling experiments. The shape memory properties such as reversible strain, temperature hysteresis, critical stress for stress-induced martensite transformation and Clausius-Clapeyron relations were also strong functions of orientation and aging condition (precipitate characteristics). Shape memory effect with no or negligible irrecoverable strain was observed under stress levels as high as 1000 MPa. After aging at 550 °C for 3 h, the maximum reversible strains were 2.2%, 2.7% and 0.7% along the [111], [011] and [-117] orientations, respectively. Aging at 600 °C for 48 h resulted in maximum reversible strains of 2.3%, 3.2% and 0.9% along the [111], [011] and [-117] orientations, respectively. In both cases, similar levels of transformation strain, as a function of orientation, were observed during superelastic testing. The maximum work output reached 27 J/cm3 in the [011] orientation after aging at 550 °C for 3 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - HYSTERESIS
KW  - Age-hardening
KW  - Martensitic transformations
KW  - Mechanical testing
KW  - Shape-memory alloys
KW  - Shape-memory effects
N1  - Accession Number: 97386563; Acar, E. 1,2 Karaca, H. E. 1; Email Address: karaca@engr.uky.edu Tobe, H. 1 Noebe, R. D. 3 Chumlyakov, Y. I. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri 38039 Turkey  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures & Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 54, p60; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: HYSTERESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Age-hardening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape-memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape-memory effects; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2014.04.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97386563&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poulain, X.
AU  - Benzerga, A.A.
AU  - Goldberg, R.K.
T1  - Finite-strain elasto-viscoplastic behavior of an epoxy resin: Experiments and modeling in the glassy regime.
JO  - International Journal of Plasticity
JF  - International Journal of Plasticity
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 62
M3  - Article
SP  - 138
EP  - 161
SN  - 07496419
AB  - The finite deformation response of an epoxy resin is investigated in the glassy regime using a constitutive relation that accounts for thermally activated yielding, pressure-sensitivity, strain softening and molecular chain reorientation. A previous formulation of this macromolecular model is modified so as to decouple the onset of yielding from the peak nominal stress, and enable accurate modeling of temperature and strain-rate effects concurrently. The latter cannot be modeled adequately with existing models when the temperature dependence of elastic moduli is accounted for. Tension and compression experiments are carried out on Epon 862 across a range of temperatures and strain rates. Special care is taken to extract the intrinsic material behavior from the recorded mechanical responses using a new technique of video-based extensometry, which is well adapted to cylindrical geometries. Key features of the data include a temperature dependence of elastic moduli and a tension–compression asymmetry that goes beyond differences in peak yield. The experimental data is divided in two sets for model calibration and assessment. The first set contains sufficient data to identify all model parameters following a procedure outlined in the paper. The second data set is used to assess the predictive capabilities of the model for test conditions not used in the calibration step. It is shown that when the tension and compression cases are treated separately, with respect to post-peak softening, model predictions are excellent over the investigated ranges of temperature and strain rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Plasticity is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - VISCOPLASTICITY
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - GLASS
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - Amorphous polymers
KW  - B. Constitutive behavior
KW  - B. Viscoplastic material
KW  - C. Mechanical testing
KW  - Finite strain
N1  - Accession Number: 97845417; Poulain, X. 1 Benzerga, A.A. 1,2; Email Address: benzerga@tamu.edu Goldberg, R.K. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 62, p138; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: VISCOPLASTICITY; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: GLASS; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Amorphous polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Constitutive behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Viscoplastic material; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Mechanical testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite strain; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416340 Paint, glass and wallpaper merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238150 Glass and Glazing Contractors; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijplas.2014.07.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97845417&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Aumann, Arie R.
AU  - Lopes, Leonard V.
AU  - Burley, Casey L.
T1  - Auralization of Hybrid Wing-Body Aircraft Flyover Noise from System Noise Predictions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2014/11//Nov/Dec2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1914
EP  - 1926
SN  - 00218669
AB  - System noise assessments of a state-of-the-art reference aircraft (similar to a Boeing 777-200ER with GE90-like turbofan engines) and several hybrid wing-body aircraft configurations were recently performed using NASA engine and aircraft system analysis tools. The hybrid wing-body aircraft were sized to an equivalent mission as the reference aircraft and assessments were performed using measurements of airframe shielding from a series of propulsion airframe aeroacoustic experiments. The focus of this work is to auralize flyover noise from the reference aircraft and the best hybrid wing-body configuration using source noise predictions and shielding data based largely on the earlier assessments. Here, auralization refers to the process by which numerical predictions are converted into audible pressure time histories. It entails synthesis of the source noise and propagation of that noise to a receiver on the ground. For each aircraft, three flyover conditions are auralized. These correspond to approach, sideline, and cutback operating states, but flown in straight and level flight trajectories. The auralizations are performed using synthesis and simulation tools developed at NASA. Audio and visual presentations are provided to allow the reader to experience the flyover from the perspective of a listener in the simulated environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - NOISE
KW  - FLIGHT
N1  - Accession Number: 100108781; Rizzi, Stephen A. 1 Aumann, Arie R. 2 Lopes, Leonard V. 1 Burley, Casey L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Analytical Services and Materials, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Nov/Dec2014, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p1914; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: FLIGHT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032572
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100108781&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larabi, Mohamed-Chaker
AU  - Triantaphillidou, Sophie
AU  - Watson, Andrew B.
T1  - Image/Video Quality and System Performance.
JO  - Journal of Electronic Imaging
JF  - Journal of Electronic Imaging
Y1  - 2014/11//Nov/Dec2014
VL  - 23
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
SN  - 10179909
AB  - An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editors discuss various papers published within the issue, including one on an assessment of full-reference video quality metrics, one on visual tasks related to image quality, and another on a Wyner-Ziv video coding scheme with low bit-rate fluctuations.
KW  - IMAGE quality analysis
KW  - VIDEO coding (Computer science)
KW  - BIT rate (Telecommunication)
N1  - Accession Number: 100278038; Larabi, Mohamed-Chaker 1; Email Address: chaker.larabi@univ-poitiers.fr Triantaphillidou, Sophie 2; Email Address: triants@westminster.ac.uk Watson, Andrew B. 3; Email Address: andrew.b.watson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Université de Poitiers, XLIM Signal Image and Communication Department, Bvd. Marie Et Pierre Curie, BP 30179, 86962 France  2: University of Westminster, Faculty of Media, Arts and Design, Watford Road, Harrow, HA1 3TP, United Kingdom  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 262-2, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Nov/Dec2014, Vol. 23 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: IMAGE quality analysis; Subject Term: VIDEO coding (Computer science); Subject Term: BIT rate (Telecommunication); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvin, M. A.
AU  - Klotz, K.
AU  - McMordie, B.
AU  - Zhu, D.
AU  - Gleeson, B.
AU  - Warnes, B.
T1  - Extreme Temperature Coatings for Future Gas Turbine Engines.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 136
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 112102-1
EP  - 112102-8
SN  - 07424795
AB  - The National Energy Technology Laboratory-Regional University Alliance (NETLRUA) has been developing extreme temperature coating systems that consist of a diffusion barrier coating (DBC), a low-cost wet slurry bond coat, a commercial yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coating (TBC), and an extreme temperature external coating that are deposited along the surface of nickel-based superalloys and single crystal metal substrates. Thermal cyclic testing of these multilayer coatings was conducted in steam-containing environments at temperatures ranging between 1100 and 1550°C. This paper discusses the response of these materials during bench-scale testing, and their potential use in advanced H- and J-class land-based gas turbine engines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS turbines -- Dynamics
KW  - ZIRCONIUM oxide
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - NICKEL
KW  - TRANSITION metals
N1  - Accession Number: 99599917; Alvin, M. A. 1; Email Address: maryanne.alvin@netl.doe.gov Klotz, K. 2 McMordie, B. 2 Zhu, D. 3 Gleeson, B. 4 Warnes, B. 5; Affiliation:  1: U.S. DOE National Energy, Technology Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA 15236  2: Coatings For Industry, Souderton, PA 18964  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135  4: University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261  5: Corrosion Control Consultants, Inc., Beaver, PA 15009; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 136 Issue 11, p112102-1; Subject Term: GAS turbines -- Dynamics; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM oxide; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL; Subject Term: TRANSITION metals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4027186
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99599917&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunning, Peter D.
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
AU  - Kim, H. Alicia
AU  - Jutte, Christine V.
T1  - Aeroelastic tailoring of a plate wing with functionally graded materials.
JO  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
JF  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 51
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 312
SN  - 08899746
AB  - A functionally graded material (FGM) provides a spatial blend of material properties throughout a structure. This paper studies the efficacy of FGM for the aeroelastic tailoring of a metallic cantilever plate-like wing, wherein a genetic algorithm provides Pareto trade-off curves between static and dynamic aeroelastic metrics. A key comparison is between the effectiveness of material grading, geometric grading (i.e. plate thickness variations), and using both simultaneously. The introduction of material grading does, in some cases, improve the aeroelastic performance. This improvement, and the physical mechanism upon which it is based, depends on numerous factors: the two sets of metallic material parameters used for grading; the sweep of the plate; the aspect ratio of the plate; and whether the material is graded continuously or discretely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Fluids & Structures is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - TAILORING
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - FUNCTIONALLY gradient materials
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - Aeroelastic tailoring
KW  - Doublet Lattice Method
KW  - Flutter
KW  - Functionally graded materials
KW  - Genetic algorithm
KW  - Plate wing
N1  - Accession Number: 99513500; Dunning, Peter D. 1; Email Address: p.d.dunning@bath.ac.uk Stanford, Bret K. 2; Email Address: bret.k.stanford@nasa.gov Kim, H. Alicia 3; Email Address: h.a.kim@bath.ac.uk Jutte, Christine V. 4; Email Address: christine.v.jutte@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK  4: Craig Technologies, Inc., Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 51, p292; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: TAILORING; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: FUNCTIONALLY gradient materials; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroelastic tailoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Doublet Lattice Method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flutter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functionally graded materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetic algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plate wing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315220 Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2014.09.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99513500&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang (黄新川), Xinchuan
AU  - Gamache, Robert R.
AU  - Freedman, Richard S.
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Reliable infrared line lists for 13 CO2 isotopologues up to E′=18,000cm−1 and 1500K, with line shape parameters.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 147
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 144
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Reliable infrared (IR) line lists are reported for the 13 isotopologues of carbon dioxide in HITRAN notation: 626, 636, 628, 627, 828, 727, 827, 638, 637, 737, 838, 738, and 646. Three IR lists are available for each istotopologue: a complete list at 296K, a reduced-size list at 296K, plus a reduced-size list at 1000K. They are denoted Ames-296K, Ames-296K.reduced and Ames-1000K.reduced. With J up to 150, and energy up to 18,000cm−1 above the zero point energy, these lists are expected to cover the temperature range up to 1500K. Line shape parameters including temperature dependence are calculated and reported for four temperature ranges: Mars, Earth, Venus, and Hotter (700-2000K). Comparisons are made against the available transition data in the HITRAN2012 models. Line position accuracy for most transitions up to 10,000-13,000cm−1 is better than 0.03-0.05cm−1. Computed transition intensities agree well with most HITRAN data but there exist suspicious exceptions for isotopologues. These line lists will expedite CO2 IR experimental data analysis and provide the scientific community with trustworthy alternatives for unknown IR bands. These line lists may be combined with existing experimental databases to facilitate the analysis of future laboratory experiments or astronomical observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide lasers
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - ZERO point energy
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - SCIENTIFIC community
KW  - Carbon dioxide (CO2)
KW  - IR line list
KW  - Isotopologues
KW  - Line shape
KW  - Partition sum
KW  - Refined potential energy surface
N1  - Accession Number: 97254773; Huang (黄新川), Xinchuan 1; Email Address: Xinchuan.Huang-1@nasa.gov Gamache, Robert R. 2; Email Address: Robert_Gamache@uml.edu Freedman, Richard S. 1; Email Address: Richard.S.Freedman@nasa.gov Schwenke, David W. 3; Email Address: David.W.Schwenke@nasa.gov Lee, Timothy J. 4; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA  3: MS T27B-1, NAS Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: MS 245-1, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 147, p134; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide lasers; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: ZERO point energy; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC community; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon dioxide (CO2); Author-Supplied Keyword: IR line list; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotopologues; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line shape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Partition sum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refined potential energy surface; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.05.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97254773&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panda, J.
AU  - Mosher, R. N.
AU  - Porte, B. J.
T1  - Noise Source Identification During Rocket Engine Test Firings and a Rocket Launch.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2014/11//Nov/Dec2014
VL  - 51
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1761
EP  - 1772
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A 70 microphone, 10 × 10 ft, microphone phased array was built for use in the harsh environment of rocket launches. The array was set up at NASA Wallops launch pad 0A during a static-test firing of Orbital Sciences' Antares engines and again during the first launch of the Antares vehicle. It was placed 400 ft away from the pad and was hoisted on a scissor lift 40 ft above ground. The data sets provided unprecedented insight into rocket noise sources. The duct exit was found to be the primary source during the static-test firing; the large amount of water injected beneath the nozzle exit and inside the plume duct quenched all other sources. The maps of the noise sources during launch were found to be time dependent. As the engines came to full power and became louder, the primary source switched from the duct inlet to the duct exit. Further elevation of the vehicle caused spilling of the hot plume, resulting in a distributed noise map covering most of the pad. As the entire plume emerged from the duct, and the on-deck water system came to full power, the plume itself became the loudest noise source. These maps of the noise sources provide vital insight for optimization of sound suppression systems for future Antares launches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOISE generators (Electronics)
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - ROCKET launchers (Ordnance)
KW  - MILITARY airplanes -- Rocket launchers
KW  - PHASED array radar
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 100203339; Panda, J. 1 Mosher, R. N. 2 Porte, B. J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Aerospace Computing, Inc., Mountain View, California 94035; Source Info: Nov/Dec2014, Vol. 51 Issue 6, p1761; Subject Term: NOISE generators (Electronics); Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: ROCKET launchers (Ordnance); Subject Term: MILITARY airplanes -- Rocket launchers; Subject Term: PHASED array radar; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332994 Small Arms, Ordnance, and Ordnance Accessories Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32863
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100203339&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mark, Saralyn
AU  - Scott, Graham B.I.
AU  - Donoviel, Dorit B.
AU  - Leveton, Lauren B.
AU  - Mahoney, Erin
AU  - Charles, John B.
AU  - Siegel, Bette
T1  - The Impact of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Executive Summary.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 941
EP  - 947
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - This review article is a compendium of six individual manuscripts, a Commentary, and an Executive Summary. This body of work is entitled 'The Impact of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space' and was developed in response to a recommendation from the 2011 National Academy of Sciences Decadal Survey, 'Recapturing a Future for Space Exploration: Life and Physical Sciences for a New Era,' which emphasized the need to fully understand sex and gender differences in space. To ensure the health and safety of male and female astronauts during long-duration space missions, it is imperative to examine and understand the influences that sex and gender have on physiological and psychological changes that occur during spaceflight. In this collection of manuscripts, six workgroups investigated and summarized the current body of published and unpublished human and animal research performed to date related to sex- and gender-based differences in the areas of cardiovascular, immunological, sensorimotor, musculoskeletal, reproductive, and behavioral adaptations to human spaceflight. Each workgroup consisted of scientists and clinicians from academia, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other federal agencies and was co-chaired by one representative from NASA and one from the external scientific community. The workgroups met via telephone and e-mail over 6 months to review literature and data from space- and ground-based studies to identify sex and gender factors affecting crew health. In particular, the Life Sciences Data Archive and the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health were extensively mined. The groups identified certain sex-related differences that impact the risks and the optimal medical care required by space-faring women and men. It represents innovative research in sex and gender-based biology that impacts those individuals that are at the forefront of space exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPOTHALAMUS -- Physiology
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - AUTONOMIC nervous system -- Diseases
KW  - EXPERIENTIAL learning
KW  - HEALTH status indicators
KW  - IMMUNOLOGY
KW  - PROTECTIVE clothing
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY of movement
KW  - MUSCLES -- Diseases
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SLEEP disorders
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TELEPHONE
KW  - TESTOSTERONE
KW  - VISION disorders
KW  - WORK
KW  - WORKSHOPS (Adult education)
KW  - EMAIL
KW  - REPRODUCTIVE health
KW  - SYMPTOMS
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
N1  - Accession Number: 99473405; Mark, Saralyn 1,2,3,4 Scott, Graham B.I. 5 Donoviel, Dorit B. 6 Leveton, Lauren B. 7 Mahoney, Erin 1,8 Charles, John B. 9 Siegel, Bette 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Exploration Systems Division, Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC.  2: School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.  3: School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.  4: DMI, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland.  5: National Space Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.  6: National Space Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Pharmacology and Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.  7: Behavioral Health and Performance Element, Human Research Program, Division of Biomedical Research and Engineering Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas.  8: Valador, Inc., Herndon, Virginia.  9: International Science Office, Human Research Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas.; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p941; Subject Term: HYPOTHALAMUS -- Physiology; Subject Term: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject Term: AUTONOMIC nervous system -- Diseases; Subject Term: EXPERIENTIAL learning; Subject Term: HEALTH status indicators; Subject Term: IMMUNOLOGY; Subject Term: PROTECTIVE clothing; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY of movement; Subject Term: MUSCLES -- Diseases; Subject Term: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject Term: SLEEP disorders; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: TELEPHONE; Subject Term: TESTOSTERONE; Subject Term: VISION disorders; Subject Term: WORK; Subject Term: WORKSHOPS (Adult education); Subject Term: EMAIL; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health; Subject Term: SYMPTOMS; Subject Term: WASHINGTON (D.C.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4914
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99473405&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Platts, Steven H.
AU  - Bairey Merz, C. Noel
AU  - Barr, Yael
AU  - Fu, Qi
AU  - Gulati, Martha
AU  - Hughson, Richard
AU  - Levine, Benjamin D.
AU  - Mehran, Roxana
AU  - Stachenfeld, Nina
AU  - Wenger, Nanette K.
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Cardiovascular Alterations.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 950
EP  - 955
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - Sex and gender differences in the cardiovascular adaptation to spaceflight were examined with the goal of optimizing the health and safety of male and female astronauts at the forefront of space exploration. Female astronauts are more susceptible to orthostatic intolerance after space flight; the visual impairment intracranial pressure syndrome predominates slightly in males. Since spaceflight simulates vascular aging, sex-specific effects on vascular endothelium and thrombotic risk warrant examination as predisposing factors to atherosclerosis, important as the current cohort of astronauts ages. Currently, 20% of astronauts are women, and the recently selected astronaut recruits are 50% women. Thus there should be expectation that future research will reflect the composition of the overall population to determine potential benefits or risks. This should apply both to clinical studies and to basic science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THROMBOEMBOLISM
KW  - VEINS -- Diseases
KW  - INTRACRANIAL hypertension
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR diseases -- Risk factors
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR system -- Physiology
KW  - ORAL contraceptives
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RODENTS
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SLEEP
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TIME
KW  - VISION disorders
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
KW  - RISK factors
N1  - Accession Number: 99473403; Platts, Steven H. 1 Bairey Merz, C. Noel 2 Barr, Yael 3 Fu, Qi 4 Gulati, Martha 5 Hughson, Richard 6 Levine, Benjamin D. 4 Mehran, Roxana 7 Stachenfeld, Nina 8 Wenger, Nanette K. 9; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.  2: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.  3: University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.  4: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas.  5: Division of Cardiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.  6: University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.  7: Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.  8: John B. Pierce Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.  9: Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p950; Subject Term: THROMBOEMBOLISM; Subject Term: VEINS -- Diseases; Subject Term: INTRACRANIAL hypertension; Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR diseases -- Risk factors; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR system -- Physiology; Subject Term: ORAL contraceptives; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RODENTS; Subject Term: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject Term: SLEEP; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: TIME; Subject Term: VISION disorders; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL gravity; Subject Term: RISK factors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325410 Pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112999 All other miscellaneous animal production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4912
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99473403&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Reschke, Millard F.
AU  - Cohen, Helen S.
AU  - Cerisano, Jody M.
AU  - Clayton, Janine A.
AU  - Cromwell, Ronita
AU  - Danielson, Richard W.
AU  - Hwang, Emma Y.
AU  - Tingen, Candace
AU  - Allen, John R.
AU  - Tomko, David L.
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Neurosensory Systems.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 959
EP  - 962
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - Sex and gender differences have long been a research topic of interest, yet few studies have explored the specific differences in neurological responses between men and women during and after spaceflight. Knowledge in this field is limited due to the significant disproportion of sexes enrolled in the astronaut corps. Research indicates that general neurological and sensory differences exist between the sexes, such as those in laterality of amygdala activity, sensitivity and discrimination in vision processing, and neuronal cell death (apoptosis) pathways. In spaceflight, sex differences may include a higher incidence of entry and space motion sickness and of post-flight vestibular instability in female as opposed to male astronauts who flew on both short- and long-duration missions. Hearing and auditory function in crewmembers shows the expected hearing threshold differences between men and women, in which female astronauts exhibit better hearing thresholds. Longitudinal observations of hearing thresholds for crewmembers yield normal age-related decrements; however, no evidence of sex-related differences from spaceflight has been observed. The impact of sex and gender differences should be studied by making spaceflight accessible and flying more women into space. Only in this way will we know if increasingly longer-duration missions cause significantly different neurophysiological responses in men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATAXIA
KW  - MOTION sickness
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - CELL death
KW  - HEARING levels
KW  - MEMORY
KW  - NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SENSES & sensation
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE perception
KW  - VISION
KW  - RISK factors
N1  - Accession Number: 99473401; Reschke, Millard F. 1 Cohen, Helen S. 2 Cerisano, Jody M. 3 Clayton, Janine A. 4 Cromwell, Ronita 5 Danielson, Richard W. 2 Hwang, Emma Y. 3 Tingen, Candace 6 Allen, John R. 7 Tomko, David L. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Neuroscience, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.  2: Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.  3: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, Texas.  4: Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.  5: Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas.  6: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.  7: Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington, DC.  8: Space Life and Physical Sciences Research Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, Washington, DC.; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p959; Subject Term: ATAXIA; Subject Term: MOTION sickness; Subject Term: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject Term: CELL death; Subject Term: HEARING levels; Subject Term: MEMORY; Subject Term: NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SENSES & sensation; Subject Term: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE perception; Subject Term: VISION; Subject Term: RISK factors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4908
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99473401&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori
AU  - Bloomfield, Susan
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
AU  - Hunter, Sandra K.
AU  - Templeton, Kim
AU  - Bemben, Debra
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptation to Space: Musculoskeletal Health.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 963
EP  - 966
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - There is considerable variability among individuals in musculoskeletal response to long-duration spaceflight. The specific origin of the individual variability is unknown but is almost certainly influenced by the details of other mission conditions such as individual differences in exercise countermeasures, particularly intensity of exercise, dietary intake, medication use, stress, sleep, psychological profiles, and actual mission task demands. In addition to variations in mission conditions, genetic differences may account for some aspect of individual variability. Generally, this individual variability exceeds the variability between sexes that adds to the complexity of understanding sex differences alone. Research specifically related to sex differences of the musculoskeletal system during unloading is presented and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JOINTS (Anatomy) -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - MUSCLES -- Diseases
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Physiology
KW  - OSTEOARTHRITIS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TIME
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
KW  - RISK factors
N1  - Accession Number: 99473414; Ploutz-Snyder, Lori 1 Bloomfield, Susan 2 Smith, Scott M. 3 Hunter, Sandra K. 4 Templeton, Kim 5 Bemben, Debra 6; Affiliation:  1: Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures, University Space Research Association, Houston, Texas.  2: Department of Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.  3: Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.  4: Exercise Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.  5: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City, Kansas.  6: Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma.; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p963; Subject Term: JOINTS (Anatomy) -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: MUSCLES -- Diseases; Subject Term: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject Term: MUSCULOSKELETAL system -- Physiology; Subject Term: OSTEOARTHRITIS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: TIME; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL gravity; Subject Term: RISK factors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4910
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99473414&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ronca, April E.
AU  - Baker, Ellen S.
AU  - Bavendam, Tamara G.
AU  - Beck, Kevin D.
AU  - Miller, Virginia M.
AU  - Tash, Joseph S.
AU  - Jenkins, Marjorie
T1  - Effects of Sex and Gender on Adaptations to Space: Reproductive Health.
JO  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
JF  - Journal of Women's Health (15409996)
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 23
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 967
EP  - 974
PB  - Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
SN  - 15409996
AB  - In this report, sex/gender research relevant to reproduction on Earth, in conjunction with the extant human and animal observations in space, was used to identify knowledge gaps and prioritize recommendations for future sex- and gender-specific surveillance and monitoring of male and female astronauts. With overall increased durations of contemporary space missions, a deeper understanding of sex/gender effects on reproduction-related responses and adaptations to the space environment is warranted to minimize risks and insure healthy aging of the men and women who travel into space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Women's Health (15409996) is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENITOURINARY organs
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - ADAPTABILITY (Psychology)
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology)
KW  - NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SEX distribution (Demography)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - TIME
KW  - WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - REPRODUCTIVE health
N1  - Accession Number: 99473407; Ronca, April E. 1,2 Baker, Ellen S. 3 Bavendam, Tamara G. 4 Beck, Kevin D. 5 Miller, Virginia M. 6 Tash, Joseph S. 7 Jenkins, Marjorie 8; Affiliation:  1: Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountainview, California.  2: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina.  3: NASA Medical Officer and Astronaut (Retired), Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.  4: Women's Urologic Health, NIH/NIDDK, Bethesda, Maryland.  5: Department of Neurology and Neurosciences, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.  6: Departments of Physiology and Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota.  7: Departments of Molecular and Integrative Physiology and Urology and the Interdisciplinary Center for Male Contraceptive Research and Drug Development, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.  8: Department of Internal Medicine, Laura W. Bush Institute for Women's Health, and Rush Endowed Chair for Excellence in Gynecology Oncology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas.; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 23 Issue 11, p967; Subject Term: GENITOURINARY organs; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: ADAPTABILITY (Psychology); Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Physiology); Subject Term: NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SEX distribution (Demography); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: TIME; Subject Term: WEIGHTLESSNESS; Subject Term: REPRODUCTIVE health; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/jwh.2014.4915
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99473407&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - The Sutter's Mill Fall.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1987
EP  - 1988
SN  - 10869379
AB  - A letter to the editor is presented related to Sutter's Mill meteorite, a carbonaceous chondrite, which fell in Gold Country of California on April 22, 2012.
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 99238089; Jenniskens, Peter 1; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute and NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p1987; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12343
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99238089&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Flynn, George J.
AU  - Wirick, Susan
T1  - Mid-infrared study of stones from the Sutter's Mill meteorite.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2017
EP  - 2026
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The Sutter's Mill meteorite fell in northern California on April 22, 2012. Several fragments of the meteorite were recovered, some of them shortly after the fall, others several days later after a heavy rainstorm. In this work, we analyzed several samples of four fragments- SM2, SM12, SM20, and SM30-from the Sutter's Mill meteorite with two infrared ( IR) microscopes operating in the 4000-650 cm−1 (2.5-15.4 μm) range. Spectra show absorption features associated with minerals such as olivines, phyllosilicates, carbonates, and possibly pyroxenes, as well as organics. Spectra of specific minerals vary from one particle to another within a given stone, and even within a single particle, indicating a nonuniform mineral composition. Infrared features associated with aliphatic CH2 and CH3 groups associated with organics are also seen in several spectra. However, the presence of organics in the samples studied is not clear because these features overlap with carbonate overtone bands. Finally, other samples collected within days after the rainstorm show evidence for bacterial terrestrial contamination, which indicates how quickly meteorites can be contaminated on such small scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STONE
KW  - INFRARED microscopes
KW  - MICROBIAL contamination
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - PHYLLOSILICATES
N1  - Accession Number: 99238081; Nuevo, Michel 1,2 Sandford, Scott A. 1 Flynn, George J. 3 Wirick, Susan 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center MS 245-6  2: SETI Institute  3: Department of Physics, SUNY-Plattsburgh  4: Center for Advanced Radiation Sources University of Chicago; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p2017; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STONE; Subject Term: INFRARED microscopes; Subject Term: MICROBIAL contamination; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: PHYLLOSILICATES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327991 Cut Stone and Stone Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12269
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99238081&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yesiltas, Mehmet
AU  - Kebukawa, Yoko
AU  - Peale, Robert E.
AU  - Mattson, Eric
AU  - Hirschmugl, Carol J.
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - Infrared imaging spectroscopy with micron resolution of Sutter's Mill meteorite grains.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2027
EP  - 2037
SN  - 10869379
AB  - Synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy are applied with submicrometer spatial resolution to multiple grains of Sutter's Mill meteorite, a regolith breccia with CM1 and CM2 lithologies. The Raman and infrared active functional groups reveal the nature and distribution of organic and mineral components and confirm that SM12 reached higher metamorphism temperatures than SM2. The spatial distributions of carbonates and organic matter are negatively correlated. The spatial distributions of aliphatic organic matter and OH relative to the distributions of silicates in SM2 differ from those in SM12, supporting a hypothesis that the parent body of Sutter's Mill is a combination of multiple bodies with different origins. The high aliphatic CH2/ CH3 ratios determined from band intensities for SM2 and SM12 grains are similar to those of IDPs and less altered carbonaceous chondrites, and they are significantly higher than those in other CM chondrites and diffuse ISM objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - GRAIN size
N1  - Accession Number: 99238076; Yesiltas, Mehmet 1 Kebukawa, Yoko 2 Peale, Robert E. 1 Mattson, Eric 3 Hirschmugl, Carol J. 3 Jenniskens, Peter 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida  2: Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University  3: Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee  4: SETI Institute  5: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p2027; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: GRAIN size; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12321
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99238076&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Xuchao
AU  - Lin, Yangting
AU  - Yin, Qing-Zhu
AU  - Zhang, Jianchao
AU  - Hao, Jialong
AU  - Zolensky, Michael
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
T1  - Presolar grains in the CM2 chondrite Sutter's Mill.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2038
EP  - 2046
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The Sutter's Mill ( SM) carbonaceous chondrite is a regolith breccia, composed predominantly of CM2 clasts with varying degrees of aqueous alteration and thermal metamorphism. An investigation of presolar grains in four Sutter's Mill sections, SM43, SM51, SM2-4, and SM18, was carried out using Nano SIMS ion mapping technique. A total of 37 C-anomalous grains and one O-anomalous grain have been identified, indicating an abundance of 63 ppm for presolar C-anomalous grains and 2 ppm for presolar oxides. Thirty-one silicon carbide (SiC), five carbonaceous grains, and one Al-oxide (Al2O3) were confirmed based on their elemental compositions determined by C-N-Si and O-Si-Mg-Al isotopic measurements. The overall abundance of SiC grains in Sutter's Mill (55 ppm) is consistent with those in other CM chondrites. The absence of presolar silicates in Sutter's Mill suggests that they were destroyed by aqueous alteration on the parent asteroid. Furthermore, SM2-4 shows heterogeneous distributions of presolar SiC grains (12-54 ppm) in different matrix areas, indicating that the fine-grained matrix clasts come from different sources, with various thermal histories, in the solar nebula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - METAMORPHIC rocks
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - GRAIN size
N1  - Accession Number: 99238079; Zhao, Xuchao 1 Lin, Yangting 1 Yin, Qing-Zhu 2 Zhang, Jianchao 1 Hao, Jialong 1 Zolensky, Michael 3 Jenniskens, Peter 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Key Laboratory of the Earth's Deep Interior, Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis  3: ARES NASA Johnson Space Center  4: SETI Institute  5: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p2038; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: METAMORPHIC rocks; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: GRAIN size; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12289
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99238079&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W.
AU  - Beauford, Robert
T1  - The Sutter's Mill meteorite: Thermoluminescence data on thermal and metamorphic history.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2047
EP  - 2055
SN  - 10869379
AB  - A piece of the Sutter's Mill meteorite, fragment SM2-1d, has been examined using thermoluminescence techniques to better understand its thermal and metamorphic history. The sample had very weak but easily measureable natural and induced thermoluminescence ( TL) signals; the signal-to-noise ratio was better than 10. The natural TL was restricted to the high-temperature regions of the glow curve suggesting that the meteorite had been heated to approximately 300 °C within the time it takes for the TL signal to recover from a heating event, probably within the last 105 years. It is possible that this reflects heating during release from the parent body, close passage by the Sun, or heating during atmospheric passage. Of these three options, the least likely is the first, but the other possibilities are equally likely. It seems that temperatures of approximately 300 °C reached 5 or 6 mm into the meteorite, so that all but one of the small Sutter's Mill stones have been heated. The Dhajala normalized induced TL signal for SM2-1d is comparable to that of type 3.0 chondrites and is unlike normal CM chondrites, the class it most closely resembles, which do not have detectable TL sensitivity. The shape of the induced TL curve is comparable to other low-type ordinary, CV, and CO chondrites, in that it has a broad hummocky structure, but does not resemble any of them in detail. This suggests that Sutter's Mill is a unique, low-petrographic-type (3.0) chondrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - METAMORPHIC rocks
KW  - PETROLOGY
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - HEATING
N1  - Accession Number: 99238077; Sears, Derek W. 1 Beauford, Robert 2; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center  2: Arkansas Center for Space and Planetary Sciences, University of Arkansas; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p2047; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: METAMORPHIC rocks; Subject Term: PETROLOGY; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: HEATING; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12259
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99238077&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, Aaron S.
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
AU  - Elsila, Jamie E.
AU  - Dworkin, Jason P.
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Yin, Qing-Zhu
T1  - The amino acid composition of the Sutter's Mill CM2 carbonaceous chondrite.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2074
EP  - 2086
SN  - 10869379
AB  - We determined the abundances and enantiomeric compositions of amino acids in Sutter's Mill fragment #2 (designated SM2) recovered prior to heavy rains that fell April 25-26, 2012, and two other meteorite fragments, SM12 and SM51, that were recovered postrain. We also determined the abundance, enantiomeric, and isotopic compositions of amino acids in soil from the recovery site of fragment SM51. The three meteorite stones experienced terrestrial amino acid contamination, as evidenced by the low d/l ratios of several proteinogenic amino acids. The d/l ratios were higher in SM2 than in SM12 and SM51, consistent with rain introducing additional l-amino acid contaminants to SM12 and SM51. Higher percentages of glycine, β-alanine, and γ-amino- n-butyric acid were observed in free form in SM2 and SM51 compared with the soil, suggesting that these free amino acids may be indigenous. Trace levels of d+ l-β-aminoisobutyric acid (β- AIB) observed in all three meteorites are not easily explained as terrestrial contamination, as β- AIB is rare on Earth and was not detected in the soil. Bulk carbon and nitrogen and isotopic ratios of the SM samples and the soil also indicate terrestrial contamination, as does compound-specific isotopic analysis of the amino acids in the soil. The amino acid abundances in SM2, the most pristine SM meteorite analyzed here, are approximately 20-fold lower than in the Murchison CM2 carbonaceous chondrite. This may be due to thermal metamorphism in the Sutter's Mill parent body at temperatures greater than observed for other aqueously altered CM2 meteorites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - AMINOISOBUTYRIC acid
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - ENANTIOMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 99238080; Burton, Aaron S. 1 Glavin, Daniel P. 2 Elsila, Jamie E. 2 Dworkin, Jason P. 2 Jenniskens, Peter 3,4 Yin, Qing-Zhu 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Johnson Space Center  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  3: SETI Institute  4: NASA Ames Research Center  5: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California at Davis; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p2074; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: AMINOISOBUTYRIC acid; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: ENANTIOMERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12281
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99238080&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kebukawa, Yoko
AU  - Zolensky, Michael E.
AU  - Kilcoyne, A. L. David
AU  - Rahman, Zia
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Cody, George D.
T1  - Diamond xenolith and matrix organic matter in the Sutter's Mill meteorite measured by C- XANES.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 49
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2095
EP  - 2103
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The Sutter's Mill ( SM) meteorite fell in El Dorado County, California, on April 22, 2012. This meteorite is a regolith breccia composed of CM chondrite material and at least one xenolithic phase: oldhamite. The meteorite studied here, SM2 (subsample 5), was one of three meteorites collected before it rained extensively on the debris site, thus preserving the original asteroid regolith mineralogy. Two relatively large (10 μm sized) possible diamond grains were observed in SM2-5 surrounded by fine-grained matrix. In the present work, we analyzed a focused ion beam ( FIB) milled thin section that transected a region containing these two potential diamond grains as well as the surrounding fine-grained matrix employing carbon and nitrogen X-ray absorption near-edge structure (C- XANES and N- XANES) spectroscopy using a scanning transmission X-ray microscope ( STXM) (Beamline 5.3.2 at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory). The STXM analysis revealed that the matrix of SM2-5 contains C-rich grains, possibly organic nanoglobules. A single carbonate grain was also detected. The C- XANES spectrum of the matrix is similar to that of insoluble organic matter ( IOM) found in other CM chondrites. However, no significant nitrogen-bearing functional groups were observed with N- XANES. One of the possible diamond grains contains a Ca-bearing inclusion that is not carbonate. C- XANES features of the diamond-edges suggest that the diamond might have formed by the CVD process, or in a high-temperature and -pressure environment in the interior of a much larger parent body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DIAMONDS
KW  - INCLUSIONS in igneous rocks
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - X-ray absorption near edge structure
KW  - HIGH temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 99238085; Kebukawa, Yoko 1,2 Zolensky, Michael E. 3 Kilcoyne, A. L. David 4 Rahman, Zia 5 Jenniskens, Peter 6,7 Cody, George D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Geophysical Laboratory Carnegie Institution of Washington  2: Department of Natural History Sciences, Hokkaido University  3: NASA Johnson Space Center  4: Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  5: Jacobs-Sverdrup  6: SETI Institute  7: NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 49 Issue 11, p2095; Subject Term: CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DIAMONDS; Subject Term: INCLUSIONS in igneous rocks; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: X-ray absorption near edge structure; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414410 Jewellery and watch merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12312
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99238085&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zakharov, Alexander
AU  - Horanyi, Mihály
AU  - Lee, Pascal
AU  - Witasse, Olivier
AU  - Cipriani, Fabrice
T1  - Dust at the Martian moons and in the circummartian space.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 171
EP  - 175
SN  - 00320633
AB  - The paper provides the current understanding of the dust particle dynamics near the surface and in the circummatrian space of the Martian moons based on existing models developed for airless and non-magnetized bodies. In particular we discuss the response of the regolith of the Martian moons to exposure to radiation, the dynamics of charged dust on their surfaces, their plasma environments, the models and indirect observations of their putative dust tori. It is concluded that there is a good theoretical understanding of the behavior of the dynamics of dust particles near the moons Phobos and Deimos. Current models predict dust rings near orbits of the Martian moons based on detailed estimates for the sources and sinks of the dust particles as well as their lifetimes. However, there is no compelling observational evidence for the predicted dust torus around Phobos or Deimos orbits, and there are no observations yet of dust dynamics near their surfaces. Naturally, in order to detect the motion of dust near the surfaces of these moons, and their dust tori we need measurements using a complementary set of sensitive instruments, including impart dust detectors, electric field sensors, and optical cameras in future missions to Mars and its moons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DUST
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - OPTICAL detectors
KW  - PHOBOS (Satellite)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - Dust
KW  - Dust tori
KW  - Martian moons
KW  - Particle dynamic
KW  - Plasma
N1  - Accession Number: 98577486; Zakharov, Alexander 1; Email Address: zakharov@iki.rssi.ru Horanyi, Mihály 2 Lee, Pascal 3 Witasse, Olivier 4 Cipriani, Fabrice 4; Affiliation:  1: Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia  2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA  3: Mars Institute and SETI Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, USA  4: ESA, ESTEC, The Netherlands; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 102, p171; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: OPTICAL detectors; Subject Term: PHOBOS (Satellite); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust tori; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martian moons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle dynamic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2013.12.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gang Liu
AU  - Heron, Scott F.
AU  - Eakin, C. Mark
AU  - Muller-Karger, Frank E.
AU  - Vega-Rodriguez, Maria
AU  - Guild, Liane S.
AU  - De La Cour, Jacqueline L.
AU  - Geiger, Erick F.
AU  - Skirving, William J.
AU  - Burgess, Timothy F. R.
AU  - Strong, Alan E.
AU  - Harris, Andy
AU  - Maturi, Eileen
AU  - Ignatov, Alexander
AU  - Sapper, John
AU  - Jianke Li
AU  - Lynds, Susan
T1  - Reef-Scale Thermal Stress Monitoring of Coral Ecosystems: New 5-km Global Products from NOAA Coral Reef Watch.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 6
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 11579
EP  - 11606
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coral Reef Watch (CRW) program has developed a daily global 5-km product suite based on satellite observations to monitor thermal stress on coral reefs. These products fulfill requests from coral reef managers and researchers for higher resolution products by taking advantage of new satellites, sensors and algorithms. Improvements of the 5-km products over CRW's heritage global 50-km products are derived from: (1) the higher resolution and greater data density of NOAA's next-generation operational daily global 5-km geo-polar blended sea surface temperature (SST) analysis; and (2) implementation of a new SST climatology derived from the Pathfinder SST climate data record. The new products increase near-shore coverage and now allow direct monitoring of 95% of coral reefs and significantly reduce data gaps caused by cloud cover. The 5-km product suite includes SST Anomaly, Coral Bleaching HotSpots, Degree Heating Weeks and Bleaching Alert Area, matching existing CRW products. When compared with the 50-km products and in situ bleaching observations for 2013-2014, the 5-km products identified known thermal stress events and matched bleaching observations. These near reef-scale products significantly advance the ability of coral reef researchers and managers to monitor coral thermal stress in near-real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECOSYSTEMS
KW  - ECOLOGY
KW  - THERMAL stresses
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - bleaching
KW  - bleaching alert area
KW  - climatology
KW  - degree heating week
KW  - hotspots
KW  - monitoring
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellite
KW  - sea surface temperature (SST)
KW  - thermal stress
KW  - UNITED States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 99754890; Gang Liu 1,2,3; Email Address: Gang.Liu@noaa.gov Heron, Scott F. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: Scott.Heron@noaa.gov Eakin, C. Mark 1,3; Email Address: Mark.Eakin@noaa.gov Muller-Karger, Frank E. 5; Email Address: carib@usf.edu Vega-Rodriguez, Maria 5; Email Address: mariavegarod@mail.usf.edu Guild, Liane S. 6; Email Address: Liane.S.Guild@nasa.gov De La Cour, Jacqueline L. 1,2,3; Email Address: Jacqueline.Shapo@noaa.gov Geiger, Erick F. 1,2,3; Email Address: Erick.Geiger@noaa.gov Skirving, William J. 1,2,3; Email Address: William.Skirving@noaa.gov Burgess, Timothy F. R. 1; Email Address: timburgess@mac.com Strong, Alan E. 1,2,3; Email Address: Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov Harris, Andy 3,7; Email Address: Andy.Harris@noaa.gov Maturi, Eileen 3; Email Address: Eileen.Maturi@noaa.gov Ignatov, Alexander 3; Email Address: Alex.Ignatov@noaa.gov Sapper, John 8; Email Address: John.Sapper@noaa.gov Jianke Li 9; Email Address: Jianke.Li@gmail.com Lynds, Susan 10; Email Address: Susan.Lynds@colorado.edu; Affiliation:  1: Coral Reef Watch, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA  2: Global Science and Technology, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770, USA  3: NESDIS/STAR, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA  4: Marine Geophysical Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia  5: Institute for Marine Remote Sensing, College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL 33701, USA  6: Ames Research Center/Earth Science Division, U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA  8: NESDIS/OSPO, U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA  9: DigitalGlobe, Inc., Herndon, VA 20171, USA  10: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 6 Issue 11, p11579; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEMS; Subject Term: ECOLOGY; Subject Term: THERMAL stresses; Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: bleaching; Author-Supplied Keyword: bleaching alert area; Author-Supplied Keyword: climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: degree heating week; Author-Supplied Keyword: hotspots; Author-Supplied Keyword: monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea surface temperature (SST); Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal stress; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924110 Administration of Air and Water Resource and Solid Waste Management Programs; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs61111579
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99754890&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, Hao
AU  - Dubayah, Ralph
AU  - Brolly, Matthew
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Zhang, Gong
T1  - Large-scale retrieval of leaf area index and vertical foliage profile from the spaceborne waveform lidar (GLAS/ICESat).
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 154
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 18
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Leaf area index (LAI) and canopy vertical profiles are important descriptors of ecosystem structure. The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on board ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) provided three-dimensional observations that can be used to derive these canopy structure parameters globally. While several canopy height products have been produced globally from GLAS, no comparable data sets for LAI and canopy profiles exist across large areas. In this study we develop a physically based method of retrieving LAI and vertical foliage profiles (VFPs) from GLAS observations over the entire state of California, USA. This method refines lidar derived LAI and VFP through a recursive analysis of GLAS waveforms using ancillary data obtained from existing remote sensing products. Those supplemental inputs include canopy clumping index derived from POLDER, 500 m land cover type and 1 km LAI data derived from MODIS. Implementation of our method created state-level LAI and VFP data for the existing GLAS transects over California. We then analyzed the variability of LAI and VFP data sets across environmental gradients and as a function of land cover type and elevation. Both LAI and VFP showed strong variability across elevational gradients and among land cover types. We compared our results at the scale of GLAS footprints with an LAI map derived from Landsat (at 30 m) and found moderate agreement ( r 2 = 0.34, bias = 0.26, RMSD (Root Mean Square Difference) = 1.85) between the two. In particular, Landsat LAI not only appeared to saturate relative to GLAS LAI at around LAI = 5, but also showed an overestimation for LAI less than about 2. Best agreement between the two LAI data sets was shown to occur in areas with slope less than 20°. Results from our study suggest the possibility of retrieving global LAI and VFP data from GLAS data and the potential for synergetic observation of lidar and passive optical remote sensing data such as Landsat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - ECOSYSTEMS
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - OPTICAL remote sensing
KW  - ALTIMETERS
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - GLAS
KW  - LAI
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Lidar
KW  - Vertical foliage profile
N1  - Accession Number: 99227964; Tang, Hao 1 Dubayah, Ralph 1 Brolly, Matthew 2 Ganguly, Sangram 3,4 Zhang, Gong 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  2: School of Environment and Technology, University of Brighton, United Kingdom  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI), West Sonoma, CA, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 154, p8; Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEMS; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: OPTICAL remote sensing; Subject Term: ALTIMETERS; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Author-Supplied Keyword: GLAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: LAI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertical foliage profile; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99227964&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lagomasino, David
AU  - Price, René M.
AU  - Whitman, Dean
AU  - Campbell, Petya K.E.
AU  - Melesse, Assefa
T1  - Estimating major ion and nutrient concentrations in mangrove estuaries in Everglades National Park using leaf and satellite reflectance.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 154
M3  - Article
SP  - 202
EP  - 218
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Coastal mangrove ecosystems are under duress worldwide because of urban development, sea-level rise, and climate change, processes that are capable of changing the salinity and nutrient concentration of the water utilized by the mangroves. This study correlates long-term water chemistry in mangrove environments, located in Everglades National Park, with mangrove spectral reflectance measurements made at both the leaf and canopy scales. Spectral reflectance measurements were collected using a handheld spectrometer for leaf-level measurements and Landsat 5TM data for regional coverage. Leaf-level reflectance data were collected from three mangrove species (i.e., red, black and white mangroves) across two regions; a tall mangrove (~ 18 m) and dwarf mangrove (1–2 m) region. The reflectance data were then used to calculate a wide variety of biophysical reflectance indices (e.g., NDVI, EVI, SAVI) to determine signs of stress. Discrete, quarterly water samples from the surface water, groundwater, and pore water (20 and 85 cm depths) and daily autonomous surface water samples were collected at each site and analyzed for major anions (Cl − and SO 4 2− ), cations (Na + , K + , Mg 2 + , and Ca 2 + ), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Mangrove sites that exhibited the highest salinity and ionic concentrations in the surface and subsurface water also had the lowest near-infrared reflectance at both the leaf and satellite levels. Seasonal reflectance responses were measured in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths at both the leaf and canopy scales and were strongly correlated with nutrient and ionic concentrations in the surface and subsurface water, even though there was no significant separability between the three mangrove species. Study sites that experienced the greatest variability in surface and subsurface water ionic concentrations also exhibited the greatest fluctuations in NIR spectral reflectance. Landsat 5TM images were able to detect tall and dwarf mangroves by the differences in spectral indices (e.g., NDVI, NDWI, and EVI) because of the variability in the background conditions amongst the environments. In addition, Landsat 5TM images spanning 16 years (1993–2009) were successfully used to estimate the seasonal variability in ionic concentrations in the surface water across the Florida Coastal mangrove ecotone. This study has shown that water chemistry can be estimated indirectly by measuring the change in spectral response at the leaf- or satellite-scale. Furthermore, the results of this research may be extrapolated to similar coastal mangrove systems throughout the Caribbean and world-wide wherever red, black, and white mangroves occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANGROVE plants
KW  - URBAN growth
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - WATER quality
KW  - EVERGLADES National Park (Fla.)
KW  - Everglades
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Mangroves
KW  - NDVI
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Spectral reflectance
KW  - Water quality
N1  - Accession Number: 99227976; Lagomasino, David 1,2; Email Address: david.lagomasino@nasa.gov Price, René M. 1,2 Whitman, Dean 1 Campbell, Petya K.E. 3,4 Melesse, Assefa 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States  2: Southeast Environmental Research Center, Miami, FL, United States  3: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 154, p202; Subject Term: MANGROVE plants; Subject Term: URBAN growth; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: WATER quality; Subject Term: EVERGLADES National Park (Fla.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Everglades; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mangroves; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral reflectance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water quality; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237210 Land Subdivision; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.08.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nair, Arun K.
AU  - Kriz, Ronald D.
AU  - Prosser, William H.
T1  - Nonlinear elastic effects in graphite/epoxy: An analytical and numerical prediction of energy flux deviation.
JO  - Wave Motion
JF  - Wave Motion
Y1  - 2014/11//
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1138
EP  - 1148
SN  - 01652125
AB  - Manipulating acoustic wave propagation through a material have several interdisciplinary applications. Here we predict shift in energy flux deviation for acoustic waves propagating in unidirectional graphite/epoxy due to applied normal and shear stresses using both an analytical model, using acoustoelastic continuum theory, and a finite element discrete numerical model. The acoustoelastic theory predicts that the quasi-transverse (QT) wave exhibits larger shifts in energy flux deviation compared to quasi-longitudinal (QL) or the pure transverse (PT) due to an applied shear stress for fiber orientation angle ranging from 0° to 60°. Due to an applied shear stress the QT wave exhibits a shift in energy flux deviation at 0° fiber orientation angle as compared to normal stress case where the flux deviation and its load induced shift are both zero. A finite element model (FEM) is developed where equations of motion include the effect of nonlinear elastic coefficients. Element equations were integrated in time using Newmark’s method to determine the shift in energy flux deviations in graphite/epoxy for different loading cases. The energy flux shift of QT waves predicted by FEM for fiber orientation angles from 0° to 60° for applied shear stress case is in excellent agreement with acoustoelastic theory. Because energy shift magnitudes are not small, it is possible to experimentally measure these shifts and calibrate shifts with respect to load type (normal/shear) and magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Wave Motion is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - GRAPHITE
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - NONLINEAR analysis
KW  - Acoustoelastic effects
KW  - Composite material
KW  - Energy flux deviation
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Stress induced anisotropy
N1  - Accession Number: 97843148; Nair, Arun K. 1; Email Address: nair@uark.edu Kriz, Ronald D. 1 Prosser, William H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Norris Hall, Room 300-C, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA-24061, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA-23681, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p1138; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: GRAPHITE; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Subject Term: NONLINEAR analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustoelastic effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite material; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy flux deviation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress induced anisotropy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wavemoti.2014.06.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97843148&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zemcov, Michael
AU  - Smidt, Joseph
AU  - Toshiaki Arai
AU  - Bock, James
AU  - Cooray, Asantha
AU  - Yan Gong
AU  - Min Gyu Kim
AU  - Korngut, Phillip
AU  - Lam, Anson
AU  - Dae Hee Lee
AU  - Toshio Matsumoto
AU  - Shuji Matsuura
AU  - Uk Won Nam
AU  - Roudier, Gael
AU  - Kohji Tsumura
AU  - Takehiko Wada
T1  - On the origin of near-infrared extragalactic background light anisotropy.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2014/11/07/
VL  - 346
IS  - 6210
M3  - Article
SP  - 732
EP  - 734
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Extragalactic background light (EBL) anisotropy traces variations in the total production of photons over cosmic history and may contain faint, extended components missed in galaxy point-source surveys. Infrared EBL fluctuations have been attributed to primordial galaxies and black holes at the epoch of reionization (EOR) or, alternately, intrahalo light (IHL) from stars tidally stripped from their parent galaxies at low redshift. We report new EBL anisotropy measurements from a specialized sounding rocket experiment at 1.1 and 1.6 micrometers. The observed fluctuations exceed the amplitude from known galaxy populations, are inconsistent with EOR galaxies and black holes, and are largely explained by IHL emission. The measured fluctuations are associated with an EBL intensity that is comparable to the background from known galaxies measured through number counts and therefore a substantial contribution to the energy contained in photons in the cosmos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC background radiation
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - IONIZATION of gases
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - MASSIVE compact halo object
KW  - BLACK holes (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 99288301; Zemcov, Michael 1,2 Smidt, Joseph 3,4 Toshiaki Arai 5,6 Bock, James 1,2; Email Address: jjb@astro.caltech.edu Cooray, Asantha 4 Yan Gong 4 Min Gyu Kim 7 Korngut, Phillip 1,2 Lam, Anson 1,8 Dae Hee Lee 9 Toshio Matsumoto 5,10 Shuji Matsuura 5 Uk Won Nam 9 Roudier, Gael 2 Kohji Tsumura 11 Takehiko Wada 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  5: Department of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  6: Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  9: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon 305-348, Korea  10: Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan, Republic of China  11: Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan; Source Info: 11/07/2014, Vol. 346 Issue 6210, p732; Subject Term: COSMIC background radiation; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: IONIZATION of gases; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: MASSIVE compact halo object; Subject Term: BLACK holes (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.1258168
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99288301&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Aining
AU  - Marashdeh, Qussai
AU  - Motil, Brian J.
AU  - Fan, Liang-Shih
T1  - Electrical capacitance volume tomography for imaging of pulsating flows in a trickle bed.
JO  - Chemical Engineering Science
JF  - Chemical Engineering Science
Y1  - 2014/11/08/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 87
SN  - 00092509
AB  - Experimental results of the air–water pulsating flows in a trickle bed column were obtained using the electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) system. Detailed 3-D pulse structures in both the fully developed and the transient conditions were illustrated. Pulse frequency, pulse traveling velocity, average liquid holdup and liquid holdup inside the gas-rich and liquid-rich regions, respectively, were measured. Based on a simplified model, the linear liquid velocities inside the gas-rich and liquid-rich regions were estimated. The results revealed that the gas flow rate was the most important parameter in controlling the pulsating flow properties. Discussion on the physical nature of the pulsating flow was also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRICAL capacitance tomography
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - TRICKLE bed reactors
KW  - AIR-water interfaces
KW  - MULTIPHASE flow
KW  - Capacitance tomography
KW  - Flow regime
KW  - Liquid pulse
KW  - Multiphase flow
KW  - Pulsating flow
KW  - Trickle bed
N1  - Accession Number: 98600875; Wang, Aining 1; Email Address: wang.1954@osu.edu Marashdeh, Qussai 2; Email Address: marashdeh@tech4imaging.com Motil, Brian J. 3; Email Address: brian.j.motil@nasa.gov Fan, Liang-Shih 1; Email Address: fan.1@osu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, 140 West 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, United States  2: Tech4Imaging LLC, 4171 Fairfax Dr, Columbus, OH 43220, United States  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 119, p77; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL capacitance tomography; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: TRICKLE bed reactors; Subject Term: AIR-water interfaces; Subject Term: MULTIPHASE flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capacitance tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow regime; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid pulse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiphase flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulsating flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trickle bed; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ces.2014.08.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98600875&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Struk, P.M.
AU  - T’ien, J.S.
AU  - Miller, F.J.
AU  - Dietrich, D.L.
T1  - Transient numerical modeling of catalytic channels using a quasi-steady gas phase.
JO  - Chemical Engineering Science
JF  - Chemical Engineering Science
Y1  - 2014/11/08/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 173
SN  - 00092509
AB  - This paper presents a transient model of internal catalytic combustion suitable for isolated channels and monolith reactors. Due to time-scales in the problem, the model considers a quasi-steady gas phase with a transient solid. The gas is described by axially varying bulk temperature and species. The gas includes lateral diffusion via transfer coefficients and the specification of a gas-phase species concentration at the wall; axial diffusion is neglected. The solid phase is a thermally thin shell with axially varying temperature, surface species, and surface species concentrations. The solid includes axial heat conduction and external heat loss by convection and radiation. The combustion process utilizes detailed gas and surface reaction models. The gas-phase model becomes a system of stiff ordinary differential equations with respect to axial position; the upstream (inlet) boundary conditions are specified and the axially varying solid properties are parameters in integration. The solid phase discretizes into a system of stiff ordinary differential-algebraic equations with respect to time. The time evolution of the system comes from alternating integrations of the quasi-steady gas phase and transient solid. The model is compared to two experimental cases using CO fuel: (1) steady-state conversion in an isothermal platinum tube and (2) transient propagation of a catalytic reaction inside a small platinum tube and includes external tube temperature measurements. This work presents sensitivity studies on important parameters including internal transfer coefficients, catalytic surface site density, external heat-loss, and others. Under mass-transfer limited conditions, global transfer coefficients are adequate to predict fuel conversion. Near light-off, the model predictions improve for the first case after adjusting the surface kinetics such that the net rate of CO adsorption increases compared to O 2 . For the second case, predictions of transient propagation speeds are good for equivalence ratios near unity and greater but require adjustment of external heat loss or kinetics to match under lean conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Engineering Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS phase reactions
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - HEAT transfer coefficient
KW  - MONOLITHIC reactors
KW  - HEAT losses
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - CATALYSIS
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Catalysis
KW  - Heat transfer
KW  - Mass transfer
KW  - Mathematical modeling
KW  - Microreactor
N1  - Accession Number: 98600869; Struk, P.M. 1; Email Address: Peter.M.Struk@nasa.gov T’ien, J.S. 2 Miller, F.J. 3 Dietrich, D.L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  3: San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 119, p158; Subject Term: GAS phase reactions; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: HEAT transfer coefficient; Subject Term: MONOLITHIC reactors; Subject Term: HEAT losses; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Catalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microreactor; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ces.2014.07.053
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98600869&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boersma, C.
AU  - Bregman, J.
AU  - Allamandola, L. J.
T1  - PROPERTIES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE NORTHWEST PHOTON DOMINATED REGION OF NGC 7023. II. TRADITIONAL PAH ANALYSIS USING k-MEANS AS A VISUALIZATION TOOL.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11/10/
VL  - 795
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission in the Spitzer-IRS spectral map of the northwest photon dominated region (PDR) in NGC 7023 is analyzed using the “traditional” approach in which the PAH bands and plateaus between 5.2-19.5 μm are isolated by subtracting the underlying continuum and removing H2 emission lines. The spectra are organized into seven spectroscopic bins by using k-means clustering. Each cluster corresponds to, and reveals, a morphological zone within NGC 7023. The zones self-organize parallel to the well-defined PDR front that coincides with an increase in intensity of the H2 emission lines. PAH band profiles and integrated strengths are measured, classified, and mapped. The morphological zones revealed by the k-means clustering provides deeper insight into the conditions that drive variations in band strength ratios and evolution of the PAH population that otherwise would be lost. For example, certain band-band relations are bifurcated, revealing two limiting cases; one associated with the PDR, the other with the diffuse medium. Traditionally, PAH band strength ratios are used to gain insight into the properties of the emitting PAH population, i.e., charge, size, structure, and composition. Insights inferred from this work are compared and contrasted to those from Boersma et al. (first paper in this series), where the PAH emission in NGC 7023 is decomposed exclusively using the PAH spectra and tools made available through the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 99084492; Boersma, C. 1; Email Address: Christiaan.Boersma@nasa.gov Bregman, J. 1 Allamandola, L. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/110
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99084492&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Buchhave, Lars A.
AU  - Brugamyer, Erik
AU  - Robertson, Paul
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - MacQueen, Phillip J.
AU  - Havel, Mathieu
AU  - Lucas, Phillip
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Fischer, Debra
AU  - Quintana, Elisa
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
T1  - KEPLER-424 b: A “LONELY” HOT JUPITER THAT FOUND A COMPANION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11/10/
VL  - 795
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Hot Jupiter systems provide unique observational constraints for migration models in multiple systems and binaries. We report on the discovery of the Kepler-424 (KOI-214) two-planet system, which consists of a transiting hot Jupiter (Kepler-424b) in a 3.31 day orbit accompanied by a more massive outer companion in an eccentric (e = 0.3) 223 day orbit. The outer giant planet, Kepler-424c, is not detected transiting the host star. The masses of both planets and the orbital parameters for the second planet were determined using precise radial velocity (RV) measurements from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) and its High Resolution Spectrograph (HRS). In stark contrast to smaller planets, hot Jupiters are predominantly found to be lacking any nearby additional planets; they appear to be “lonely”. This might be a consequence of these systems having a highly dynamical past. The Kepler-424 planetary system has a hot Jupiter in a multiple system, similar to Andromedae. We also present our results for Kepler-422 (KOI-22), Kepler-77 (KOI-127), Kepler-43 (KOI-135), and Kepler-423 (KOI-183). These results are based on spectroscopic data collected with the Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT), the Keck 1 telescope, and HET. For all systems, we rule out false positives based on various follow-up observations, confirming the planetary nature of these companions. We performed a comparison with planetary evolutionary models which indicate that these five hot Jupiters have heavy element contents between 20 and 120 M⊕. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Research
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - MULTIPLE stars
KW  - OUTER planets
N1  - Accession Number: 99084517; Endl, Michael 1 Caldwell, Douglas A. 2 Barclay, Thomas 2,3 Huber, Daniel 2,4 Isaacson, Howard 5 Buchhave, Lars A. 6,7 Brugamyer, Erik 8 Robertson, Paul 9 Cochran, William D. 10 MacQueen, Phillip J. 10 Havel, Mathieu 2 Lucas, Phillip 11 Howell, Steve B. 2 Fischer, Debra 12 Quintana, Elisa 2 Ciardi, David R. 13; Affiliation:  1: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd Street Ste 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  7: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  8: Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  9: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Center for Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, Pennsylvania State University, USA  10: McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  11: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  12: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, USA  13: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: MULTIPLE stars; Subject Term: OUTER planets; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/151
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99084517&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kamenetzky, J.
AU  - Rangwala, N.
AU  - Glenn, J.
AU  - Maloney, P. R.
AU  - Conley, A.
T1  - A SURVEY OF THE MOLECULAR ISM PROPERTIES OF NEARBY GALAXIES USING THE HERSCHEL FTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11/10/
VL  - 795
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The 12CO J = 4 → 3 to J = 13 → 12 lines of the interstellar medium from nearby galaxies, newly observable with the Herschel SPIRE Fourier transform spectrometer, offer an opportunity to study warmer, more luminous molecular gas than that traced by 12CO J = 1 → 0. Here we present a survey of 17 nearby infrared-luminous galaxy systems (21 pointings). In addition to photometric modeling of dust, we modeled full 12CO spectral line energy distributions from J = 1 → 0 to J = 13 → 12 with two components of warm and cool CO gas, and included LTE analysis of [C I], [C II], [N II], and H2 lines. CO is emitted from a low-pressure/high-mass component traced by the low-J lines and a high-pressure/low-mass component that dominates the luminosity. We found that, on average, the ratios of the warm/cool pressure, mass, and 12CO luminosity are 60 ± 30, 0.11 ± 0.02, and 15.6 ± 2.7. The gas-to-dust-mass ratios are <120 throughout the sample. The 12CO luminosity is dominated by the high-J lines and is 4 × 10–4LFIR on average. We discuss systematic effects of single-component and multi-component CO modeling (e.g., single-component J ⩽ 3 models overestimate gas pressure by ∼0.5 dex), as well as compare to Galactic star-forming regions. With this comparison, we show the molecular interstellar medium of starburst galaxies is not simply an ensemble of Galactic-type giant molecular clouds. The warm gas emission is likely dominated by regions resembling the warm extended cloud of Sgr B2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - HIGH-velocity clouds (Astrophysics)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 99084473; Kamenetzky, J. 1,2; Email Address: jkamenetzky@as.arizona.edu Rangwala, N. 2,3 Glenn, J. 2 Maloney, P. R. 2 Conley, A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Also at Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.  2: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado at Boulder, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO, USA  3: Visiting Scientist, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center.; Source Info: 11/10/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: HIGH-velocity clouds (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/174
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99084473&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lewis, Nikole K.
AU  - Showman, Adam P.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Knutson, Heather A.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION OF ECCENTRIC HOT JUPITER HAT-P-2B.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11/10/
VL  - 795
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The hot Jupiter HAT-P-2b has become a prime target for Spitzer Space Telescope observations aimed at understanding the atmospheric response of exoplanets on highly eccentric orbits. Here we present a suite of three-dimensional atmospheric circulation models for HAT-P-2b that investigate the effects of assumed atmospheric composition and rotation rate on global scale winds and thermal patterns. We compare and contrast atmospheric models for HAT-P-2b, which assume one and five times solar metallicity, both with and without TiO/VO as atmospheric constituents. Additionally we compare models that assume a rotation period of half, one, and two times the nominal pseudo-synchronous rotation period. We find that changes in assumed atmospheric metallicity and rotation rate do not significantly affect model predictions of the planetary flux as a function of orbital phase. However, models in which TiO/VO are present in the atmosphere develop a transient temperature inversion between the transit and secondary eclipse events that results in significant variations in the timing and magnitude of the peak of the planetary flux compared with models in which TiO/VO are omitted from the opacity tables. We find that no one single atmospheric model can reproduce the recently observed full orbit phase curves at 3.6, 4.5 and 8.0 μm, which is likely due to a chemical process not captured by our current atmospheric models for HAT-P-2b. Further modeling and observational efforts focused on understanding the chemistry of HAT-P-2b's atmosphere are needed and could provide key insights into the interplay between radiative, dynamical, and chemical processes in a wide range of exoplanet atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - OUTER planets -- Atmospheres
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STARS with planets
N1  - Accession Number: 99084475; Lewis, Nikole K. 1,2; Email Address: nklewis@mit.edu Showman, Adam P. 3 Fortney, Jonathan J. 4 Knutson, Heather A. 5 Marley, Mark S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: Sagan Postdoctoral Fellow.  3: Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: OUTER planets -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STARS with planets; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stark, Christopher C.
AU  - Roberge, Aki
AU  - Mandell, Avi
AU  - Robinson, Tyler D.
T1  - MAXIMIZING THE ExoEarth CANDIDATE YIELD FROM A FUTURE DIRECT IMAGING MISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11/10/
VL  - 795
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - ExoEarth yield is a critical science metric for future exoplanet imaging missions. Here we estimate exoEarth candidate yield using single visit completeness for a variety of mission design and astrophysical parameters. We review the methods used in previous yield calculations and show that the method choice can significantly impact yield estimates as well as how the yield responds to mission parameters. We introduce a method, called Altruistic Yield Optimization, that optimizes the target list and exposure times to maximize mission yield, adapts maximally to changes in mission parameters, and increases exoEarth candidate yield by up to 100% compared to previous methods. We use Altruistic Yield Optimization to estimate exoEarth candidate yield for a large suite of mission and astrophysical parameters using single visit completeness. We find that exoEarth candidate yield is most sensitive to telescope diameter, followed by coronagraph inner working angle, followed by coronagraph contrast, and finally coronagraph contrast noise floor. We find a surprisingly weak dependence of exoEarth candidate yield on exozodi level. Additionally, we provide a quantitative approach to defining a yield goal for future exoEarth-imaging missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 99084477; Stark, Christopher C. 1; Email Address: christopher.c.stark@nasa.gov Roberge, Aki 2 Mandell, Avi 2 Robinson, Tyler D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/122
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99084477&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steidel, Charles C.
AU  - Rudie, Gwen C.
AU  - Strom, Allison L.
AU  - Pettini, Max
AU  - Reddy, Naveen A.
AU  - Shapley, Alice E.
AU  - Trainor, Ryan F.
AU  - Erb, Dawn K.
AU  - Turner, Monica L.
AU  - Konidaris, Nicholas P.
AU  - Kulas, Kristin R.
AU  - Mace, Gregory
AU  - Matthews, Keith
AU  - McLean, Ian S.
T1  - STRONG NEBULAR LINE RATIOS IN THE SPECTRA of z ∼ 2-3 STAR FORMING GALAXIES: FIRST RESULTS FROM KBSS-MOSFIRE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11/10/
VL  - 795
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present initial results of a deep near-IR spectroscopic survey covering the 15 fields of the Keck Baryonic Structure Survey using the recently commissioned MOSFIRE spectrometer on the Keck 1 telescope. We focus on a sample of 251 galaxies with redshifts 2.0 < z < 2.6, star formation rates (SFRs) 2 ≲ SFR ≲ 200 M☼ yr–1, and stellar masses 8.6 < log (M*/M☼) < 11.4, with high-quality spectra in both H- and K-band atmospheric windows. We show unambiguously that the locus of z ∼ 2.3 galaxies in the “BPT” nebular diagnostic diagram exhibits an almost entirely disjointed, yet similarly tight, relationship between the line ratios [N II] λ6585/Hα and [O III]/Hβ as compared to local galaxies. Using photoionization models, we argue that the offset of the z ∼ 2.3 BPT locus relative to that at z ∼ 0 is caused by a combination of harder stellar ionizing radiation field, higher ionization parameter, and higher N/O at a given O/H compared to most local galaxies, and that the position of a galaxy along the z ∼ 2.3 star-forming BPT locus is surprisingly insensitive to gas-phase oxygen abundance. The observed nebular emission line ratios are most easily reproduced by models in which the net stellar ionizing radiation field resembles a blackbody with effective temperature Teff = 50, 000-60, 000 K, the gas-phase oxygen abundances lie in the range 0.2 < Z/Z☼ < 1.0, and the ratio of gas-phase N/O is close to the solar value. We critically assess the applicability at high redshift of commonly used strong line indices for estimating gas-phase metallicity, and consider the implications of the small intrinsic scatter of the empirical relationship between excitation-sensitive line indices and M* (i.e., the “mass-metallicity” relation) at z ≃ 2.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - GALAXIES -- Spectra
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 99084486; Steidel, Charles C. 1 Rudie, Gwen C. 1,2,3 Strom, Allison L. 1 Pettini, Max 4 Reddy, Naveen A. 5,6 Shapley, Alice E. 7 Trainor, Ryan F. 1 Erb, Dawn K. 8 Turner, Monica L. 9 Konidaris, Nicholas P. 1 Kulas, Kristin R. 7,10,11 Mace, Gregory 7 Matthews, Keith 1 McLean, Ian S. 7; Affiliation:  1: Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1216 East California Boulevard., MS 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  3: Carnegie-Princeton Fellow.  4: Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA  6: Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Research Fellow.  7: University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  8: Center for Gravitation, Cosmology, and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1900 East Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA  9: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  10: Ames Research Center, MS 211-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.; Source Info: 11/10/2014, Vol. 795 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Spectra; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/165
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salem, Jonathan A.
AU  - Quinn, George D.
T1  - Fractographic analysis of large single crystal sapphire refractive secondary concentrators.
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2014/11/10/
VL  - 34
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 3271
EP  - 3281
SN  - 09552219
AB  - A fractographic analysis was performed on two large (9.5cm diameter×28cm long) sapphire single crystal refractive concentrators that broke during elevated temperature testing in a space simulation chamber. Both concentrators failed from machining/handling damage on the lens face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTOGRAPHY
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - SAPPHIRES
KW  - REFRACTIVE index
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Failure analysis
KW  - Finite element analysis
KW  - Fractography
KW  - Polishing flaws
KW  - Sapphire
KW  - Solar concentrator
KW  - Solar energy
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Strength
KW  - Thermal stresses
KW  - Twins
N1  - Accession Number: 97335109; Salem, Jonathan A. 1 Quinn, George D. 2; Email Address: geoq@nist.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  2: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 34 Issue 14, p3271; Subject Term: FRACTOGRAPHY; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: SAPPHIRES; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polishing flaws; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sapphire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar concentrator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal stresses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Twins; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.01.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97335109&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heritier, K. L.
AU  - Jaffe, R. L.
AU  - Laporta, V.
AU  - Panesi, M.
T1  - Energy transfer models in nitrogen plasmas: Analysis of N2(X¹Σg+)-N(4Su)-e- interaction.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2014/11/14/
VL  - 141
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The relaxation of N2(X¹Σg+) molecules in a background gas composed of N(4Su) atoms and free electrons is studied by using an ideal isochoric and isothermic chemical reactor. A rovibrational state-to-state model is developed to study energy transfer process induced by free electron and atomic collisions. The required cross sections and the corresponding rate coefficients are taken from two well-known kinetic databases: NASA Ames kinetic mechanism for the description of the N2(X¹Σg+) - N(4Su) processes and the Phys4Entry database for the electron driven processes, N2(X¹Σg+) -e-. The evolution of the population densities of each individual rovibrational level is explicitly determined via the numerical solution of the master equation for temperatures ranging from 10000 to 30 000 K. It was found that the distribution of the rovibrational energy levels of N2(X¹Σg+) is strongly influenced by the electron driven collisional processes, which promote the excitation of the low lying vibrational levels. The macroscopic vibrational energy relaxation is governed by the molecule-atom collisions, when free electrons, initially cold are relaxing to the final heat-bath temperature. Thus, the main role of the free electrons is to ensure the equilibration of vibrational and free electron excitation, thus validating the existence of the local equilibrium TV-Te. However, if electrons and heavy particles are assumed to be in equilibrium at the heat bath temperature, electron driven processes dominate the vibrational relaxation. Finally, we have assessed the validity of the Landau-Teller model for the description of the inelastic energy transfer between molecules and free electrons. In the case of free-electron temperatures lower than 10 000 K, Landau-Teller relaxation model gives an accurate description of the vibrational relaxation, while at higher temperatures the error in the predictions can be significant and the model should not be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROGEN plasmas
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - MOLECULAR interactions
KW  - CHEMICAL reactors
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - EXCITATION energy (In situ microanalysis)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
N1  - Accession Number: 99538457; Heritier, K. L. 1 Jaffe, R. L. 2 Laporta, V. 3,4 Panesi, M. 1; Email Address: mpanesi@illinois.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 104 S. Wright Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA  2: Aerothermodynamics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 230-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Istituto di Metodologie Inorganiche e dei Plasmi, CNR, 70126 Bari, Italy  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E6BT, United Kingdom; Source Info: 11/14/2014, Vol. 141 Issue 18, p1; Subject Term: NITROGEN plasmas; Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: MOLECULAR interactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactors; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: EXCITATION energy (In situ microanalysis); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4900508
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99538457&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hinson, David P.
AU  - Asmar, Sami W.
AU  - Kahan, Daniel S.
AU  - Akopian, Varoujan
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Spiga, Aymeric
AU  - Schofield, John T.
AU  - Kleinböhl, Armin
AU  - Abdou, Wedad A.
AU  - Lewis, Stephen R.
AU  - Paik, Meegyeong
AU  - Maalouf, Sami G.
T1  - Initial results from radio occultation measurements with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter: A nocturnal mixed layer in the tropics and comparisons with polar profiles from the Mars Climate Sounder.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 243
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 103
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) performs radio occultation (RO) measurements on selected orbits, generally once per day. We have retrieved atmospheric profiles from two subsets of data, yielding a variety of new results that illustrate the scientific value of the observations. One set of measurements sounded the tropics in northern summer at a local time ∼1 h before sunrise. Some of these profiles contain an unexpected layer of neutral stability with a depth of ∼4 km and a pressure at its upper boundary of ∼160 Pa. The mixed layer is bounded above by a temperature inversion and below by another strong inversion adjacent to the surface. This type of structure is observed near Gale Crater, in the Tharsis region, and at a few other locations, whereas profiles in Amazonis Planitia and Elysium Planitia show no sign of a detached mixed layer with an overlying inversion. We supplemented the measurements with numerical simulations by the NASA Ames Mars General Circulation Model, which demonstrate that water ice clouds can generate this distinctive type of temperature structure through their influence on radiative transfer at infrared wavelengths. In particular, the simulations predict the presence of a nocturnal cloud layer in the Tharsis region at a pressure of ∼150 Pa (∼10 km above the surface), and the nighttime radiative cooling at cloud level is sufficient to produce a temperature inversion above the cloud as well as convective instability below the cloud, consistent with the observations. The second set of measurements sounded mid-to-high northern latitudes in spring, when carefully coordinated observations by the MRO Mars Climate Sounder (MCS) are also available. The differences between the RO and MCS temperature profiles are generally consistent with the expected performance of the two instruments. Within this set of 21 comparisons the average temperature difference is less than 1 K where the aerosol opacities are smaller than 10 - 3 km - 1 , at pressures of 10–50 Pa, whereas it increases to ∼2 K where the aerosol opacities exceed this threshold, at pressures of 50–300 Pa. The standard deviation of the temperature difference is ∼2 K, independent of pressure. The second set of RO measurements also provides unique information about the stability of the annual CO 2 cycle and the dynamics near the edge of the seasonal CO 2 ice cap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - RECONNAISSANCE operations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - AMAZONIS Planitia (Mars)
KW  - Atmospheres, dynamics
KW  - Mars, atmosphere
KW  - Mars, climate
KW  - Meteorology
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 99105645; Hinson, David P. 1,2; Email Address: dhinson@seti.org Asmar, Sami W. 3 Kahan, Daniel S. 3 Akopian, Varoujan 3 Haberle, Robert M. 4 Spiga, Aymeric 5 Schofield, John T. 3 Kleinböhl, Armin 3 Abdou, Wedad A. 3 Lewis, Stephen R. 6 Paik, Meegyeong 3 Maalouf, Sami G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL/UPMC/CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France  6: Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 243, p91; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: RECONNAISSANCE operations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: AMAZONIS Planitia (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99105645&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sciamma-O’Brien, Ella
AU  - Ricketts, Claire L.
AU  - Salama, Farid
T1  - The Titan Haze Simulation experiment on COSmIC: Probing Titan’s atmospheric chemistry at low temperature.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 243
M3  - Article
SP  - 325
EP  - 336
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The aim of the Titan Haze Simulation (THS) experiment is to contribute to a better understanding of aerosol formation in Titan’s atmosphere through the study of the chemical formation pathways that link the simpler gas phase molecules resulting from the first steps of the N 2 –CH 4 chemistry, to the more complex gas phase precursors of aerosols; and more specifically, to investigate the role of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PANHs), among other hydrocarbons, in this process. In the THS experiment developed at the NASA Ames Cosmic simulation facility (COSmIC), Titan’s atmospheric chemistry is simulated by a pulsed plasma jet expansion at temperature conditions (∼150 K) close to those found in Titan’s atmosphere in regions where aerosols are formed. In addition, because of the very short residence time of the gas in the plasma discharge, only the initial steps of the chemistry occur, making the COSmIC/THS a unique tool to study the first and intermediate (when adding heavier precursors to the initial N 2 –CH 4 mixture) steps of Titan’s atmospheric chemistry at low temperature as shown in the study presented here. We further illustrate the potential of COSmIC/THS for the simulation of Titan’s atmospheric chemistry by presenting very promising results from a preliminary comparison of the laboratory data to data from the Cassini Plasma Spectrometer–Ion Beam Spectrometer (CAPS–IBS) instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAZE
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - GAS phase reactions
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheres, chemistry
KW  - Experimental techniques
KW  - Organic chemistry
KW  - Titan, atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 99105643; Sciamma-O’Brien, Ella 1,2; Email Address: ella.m.sciammaobrien@nasa.gov Ricketts, Claire L. 1,2; Email Address: claire.l.ricketts@gmail.com Salama, Farid 1; Email Address: farid.salama@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Astrophysics Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 243, p325; Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: GAS phase reactions; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan, atmosphere; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nemeth, Noel N
T1  - Unit-sphere multiaxial stochastic-strength model applied to a composite material.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 27
M3  - Article
SP  - 3395
EP  - 3424
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The Batdorf “unit-sphere” methodology has been extended to predict the multiaxial stochastic strength response of anisotropic (specifically transversely isotropic) brittle materials, including polymer matrix composites, by considering (1) nonrandom orientation of intrinsic flaws and (2) critical strength or fracture toughness changing with flaw orientation relative to the material microstructure. The equations developed to characterize these properties are general and can model tightly defined or more diffuse material anisotropy textures describing flaw populations. In this paper, results from finite element analysis of a fiber-reinforced matrix unit cell were used with the unit-sphere model to predict the biaxial strength response of a unidirectional polymer matrix composite previously reported from the World-Wide Failure Exercise. Findings regarding stress–state interactions, thermal residual stresses, and failure modes are also provided. The unit-sphere methodology is an attempt to provide an improved mechanistic basis to the problem of predicting strength response of an anisotropic and composite material under multiaxial loading as compared to polynomial interaction equation formulations. The methodology includes consideration of strength scatter to predict material probability of failure, shear sensitivity of flaws, and accounting for multiple failure modes regarding overall failure response. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - FAILURE mode & effects analysis
KW  - WEIBULL distribution
KW  - anisotropy
KW  - Batdorf
KW  - brittle
KW  - failure modes
KW  - failure probability
KW  - graphite
KW  - multiaxial
KW  - polymer matrix composite
KW  - strength
KW  - unit cell
KW  - Weibull
N1  - Accession Number: 99313148; Nemeth, Noel N 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, OH, USA noel.n.nemeth@nasa.gov; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 48 Issue 27, p3395; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: FAILURE mode & effects analysis; Subject Term: WEIBULL distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: anisotropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Batdorf; Author-Supplied Keyword: brittle; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure modes; Author-Supplied Keyword: failure probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: graphite; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiaxial; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: unit cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weibull; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 17300
L3  - 10.1177/0021998313509865
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99313148&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norris, Kate J.
AU  - Garrett, Matthew
AU  - Coleman, Elane
AU  - Tompa, Gary S.
AU  - Zhang, Junce
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Graphene mediated growth of polycrystalline indium phosphide nanowires and monocrystalline-core, polycrystalline-shell silicon nanowires on copper.
JO  - Journal of Crystal Growth
JF  - Journal of Crystal Growth
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 406
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 47
SN  - 00220248
AB  - Two types of semiconductors, indium phosphide (InP) and silicon (Si), were separately grown on polycrystalline copper foils with the presence of gold colloidal particles. InP was grown with and without carbon deposition by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, and Si was grown with and without plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of carbon. While InP and Si grew as films on untreated copper foils, they were found to grow in the form of nanowires when copper foils were pre-treated with carbon. Structural analysis revealed that the grown InP nanowires were polycrystalline. In contrast, the grown Si nanowires were found to have core–shell structures with a monocrystalline core and a polycrystalline shell. Further analysis suggested that graphene was formed on the copper foils during the carbon deposition. Therefore, we concluded that the presence of graphene promoted the growth of InP and Si in the form of nanowires. The demonstration of growing semiconductor nanowires on copper foils could be a new path to integrate semiconductor and metal to provide a unique material platform for a wide range of devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Crystal Growth is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - INDIUM phosphide
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SILICON nanowires
KW  - COPPER
KW  - A1. Nanowire
KW  - A3. MOCVD
KW  - A3. Polycrystalline
KW  - B1. Indium phosphide
KW  - B1. Silicon
KW  - Copper
KW  - Graphene
N1  - Accession Number: 98598257; Norris, Kate J. 1,2; Email Address: katejeannenorris@gmail.com Garrett, Matthew 1,2 Coleman, Elane 3 Tompa, Gary S. 3 Zhang, Junce 1,2 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 United. States  2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California Santa Cruz – NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 United States  3: Structured Materials Industries, Inc., Piscataway, NJ, United States; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 406, p41; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: INDIUM phosphide; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SILICON nanowires; Subject Term: COPPER; Author-Supplied Keyword: A1. Nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. MOCVD; Author-Supplied Keyword: A3. Polycrystalline; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. Indium phosphide; Author-Supplied Keyword: B1. Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphene; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2014.08.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98598257&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Baize, Rosemary R.
AU  - Videen, Gorden
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Sensing Hadley cell with space-borne lidar.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 148
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 41
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Some recent studies reported expansion of the Earth׳s tropical regime in the past few decades. The poleward expansion of the Hadley cell is a strong indication of the warming of the globe. The extent of Hadley cell also has very important implications to the climate of dry subtropical regions because of the prevalence of precipitation in the deep tropical belt. Determination of the Hadley circulation especially its extent has great significance for monitoring global climate change and for the subtropical climate studies. Although many methods have been developed in recent years, reliable measurement of the extent of Hadley cell is still an issue in climate studies. This letter shows that the extent of the Hadley cell could reliably be estimated by measuring the height of the uppermost super-thin clouds in the troposphere with space-borne lidar. Through consecutive multi-year measurements of the height of the uppermost super-thin clouds, a good estimation of the expansion of the Hadley cell could be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HADLEY cell
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - Climate
KW  - Expansion of Hadley cell
KW  - Space-borne lidar
KW  - Uppermost super-thin clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 97845723; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov Lin, Bing 2 Baize, Rosemary R. 2 Videen, Gorden 3,4 Hu, Yongxiang 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  4: Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 148, p38; Subject Term: HADLEY cell; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Expansion of Hadley cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space-borne lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uppermost super-thin clouds; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.06.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97845723&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lamouroux, J.
AU  - Gamache, R.R.
AU  - Schwenke, D.W.
T1  - Determination of the reduced matrix elements using accurate ab initio wavefunctions: Formalism and its application to the vibrational ground state (000) of H216O.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 148
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 57
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The calculations of the reduced matrix elements for 441 rotational collisional transitions for rotational quantum numbers of the lower state up to J ″=20 in the vibrational ground state of H 2 16 O are presented using effective and ab initio wavefunctions. Effective wavefunctions are derived from a Watson A-reduced Hamiltonian with the effective parameters determined by Matsushima et al. [Matsushima et al., J Mol Struct 1995;352–353:371]. The ab initio wavefunctions used in this study are from the work of Partridge and Schwenke [Partridge, H, Schwenke, DW. J Chem Phys 1997;106:4618]. The comparison of the reduced matrix elements obtained by both methods is described. It is demonstrated that, even for the rotational band, the effective wavefunctions show problems for some states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - WAVE functions
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - GROUND state (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - NUMERICAL calculations
KW  - HAMILTONIAN systems
KW  - Reduced matrix elements
KW  - Sum rules
KW  - Water vapor
KW  - Wavefunctions
N1  - Accession Number: 97845718; Lamouroux, J. 1 Gamache, R.R. 1; Email Address: Robert_Gamache@uml.edu Schwenke, D.W. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Massachusetts Lowell, Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, One University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854-5045, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 148, p49; Subject Term: MATRICES; Subject Term: WAVE functions; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Subject Term: GROUND state (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: NUMERICAL calculations; Subject Term: HAMILTONIAN systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced matrix elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sum rules; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wavefunctions; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.06.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97845718&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shaygan, Mehrdad
AU  - Kheirabi, Nazli
AU  - Davami, Keivan
AU  - Mortazavi, Bohayra
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
AU  - Cuniberti, Gianaurelio
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Annealing effect on the thermal conductivity of thermoelectric ZnTe nanowires.
JO  - Materials Letters
JF  - Materials Letters
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 135
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 91
SN  - 0167577X
AB  - We report here the effect of thermal annealing on the thermal conductivity of ZnTe nanowires measured on a microfabricated suspended device. Molecular dynamics simulation was used to calculate the effect of contacts on the measurements at different temperatures and to estimate the intrinsic nanowire thermal conductivity values. A decrease in thermal conductivity was observed after each thermal annealing step at all the measured temperatures. Thermal annealing can be a potential method to improve the thermoelectric efficiency of nanowires, not only by enhancing the electrical conduction as demonstrated before, but also by suppressing the thermal transport at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANNEALING of metals
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - ZINC telluride
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - Nanowire
KW  - Thermal conductivity
KW  - Thermoelectric
KW  - ZnTe
N1  - Accession Number: 97933488; Shaygan, Mehrdad 1 Kheirabi, Nazli 1 Davami, Keivan 1; Email Address: kdavami@seas.upenn.edu Mortazavi, Bohayra 2 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr Cuniberti, Gianaurelio 2 Meyyappan, M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea  2: Institute for Materials Science and Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, TU Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 135, p87; Subject Term: ANNEALING of metals; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ZINC telluride; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric; Author-Supplied Keyword: ZnTe; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.07.114
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jagota, Seema
AU  - Kawai, Jun
AU  - Deamer, David
AU  - McKay, Christopher
AU  - Khare, Bishun
AU  - Beeler, David
T1  - Surface-active substances in a laboratory simulated Titan׳s organic haze: Prebiotic microstructures.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/11/15/
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 167
EP  - 173
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Titan, the largest satellite of Saturn, is a key planetary body for astrobiological studies due to its active organic chemistry, hydrocarbon lakes and possible subsurface water-ammonia liquids. We have investigated the physicochemical properties of organic compounds synthesized in a simulated Titan atmosphere. A laboratory analog of Titan׳s aerosols, called tholin, was produced by irradiation of a nitrogen/methane gas mixture. The primary aim was to determine whether tholin represent possible sources of surface-active substances that could have been involved in the formation of prebiotic structures. A tholin sample was extracted with chloroform-methanol and the chloroform soluble material was separated by two-dimensional thin layer chromatography. Fluorescence excited by UV light was used to identify the major components on the plates. After being scraped from the TLC plate, the components were eluted as specific fractions and investigated by surface chemical methods, FTIR, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Fractions 1 and 2 were strongly fluorescent and surface active, producing films at air-water interfaces. When exposed to aqueous phases, components in fraction 1 form spherical microstructures resembling prebionts. The prebionts are precursor structures that might have evolved into the first living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SURFACE active agents
KW  - HAZE
KW  - PREBIOTICS
KW  - PLANETARY science
KW  - ORGANIC chemistry
KW  - GAS mixtures
KW  - Langmuir–Blodgett
KW  - Prebiotic
KW  - Self-assembled structures
KW  - Surface-active substances
N1  - Accession Number: 99105987; Jagota, Seema 1; Email Address: seema.ames@gmail.com Kawai, Jun 2 Deamer, David 3 McKay, Christopher 1 Khare, Bishun 1 Beeler, David 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan  3: Jack Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz 95064-1077, USA; Source Info: Nov2014, Vol. 103, p167; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SURFACE active agents; Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: PREBIOTICS; Subject Term: PLANETARY science; Subject Term: ORGANIC chemistry; Subject Term: GAS mixtures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Langmuir–Blodgett; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prebiotic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-assembled structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface-active substances; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325613 Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2014.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bragaglia, Angela
AU  - Sneden, Christopher
AU  - Carretta, Eugenio
AU  - Gratton, Raffaele G.
AU  - Lucatello, Sara
AU  - Bernath, Peter F.
AU  - Brooke, James S. A.
AU  - Ram, Ram S.
T1  - SEARCHING FOR CHEMICAL SIGNATURES OF MULTIPLE STELLAR POPULATIONS IN THE OLD, MASSIVE OPEN CLUSTER NGC 6791.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11/20/
VL  - 796
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Galactic open and globular clusters (OCs, GCs) appear to inhabit separate regions of the age-mass plane. However, the transition between them is not easily defined because there is some overlap between high-mass, old OCs and low-mass, young GCs. We are exploring the possibility of a clear-cut separation between OCs and GCs using an abundance feature that has been found so far only in GCs: (anti)correlations between light elements. Among the coupled abundance trends, the Na-O anticorrelation is the most widely studied. These anticorrelations are the signature of self-enrichment, i.e., of a formation mechanism that implies multiple generations of stars. Here we concentrate on the old, massive, metal-rich OC NGC 6791. We analyzed archival Keck/HIRES spectra of 15 NGC 6791 main-sequence turnoff and evolved stars, concentrating on the derivation of C, N, O, and Na abundances. We also used WIYN/Hydra spectra of 21 evolved stars (one is in common). Given the spectral complexity of the very metal-rich NGC 6791 stars, we employed spectrum synthesis to measure most of the abundances. We confirmed the cluster super-solar metallicity and abundances of Ca and Ni that have been derived in past studies. More importantly, we did not detect any significant star-to-star abundance dispersion in C, N, O, and Na. Based on the absence of a clear Na-O anticorrelation, NGC 6791 can still be considered a true OC, hosting a single generation of stars and not a low-mass GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - STARS -- Open clusters
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - LOW mass stars
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - GALACTIC center
N1  - Accession Number: 99251166; Bragaglia, Angela 1; Email Address: angela.bragaglia@oabo.inaf.it Sneden, Christopher 2,3,4,5; Email Address: chris@verdi.as.utexas.edu Carretta, Eugenio 1; Email Address: eugenio.carretta@oabo.inaf.it Gratton, Raffaele G. 4; Email Address: raffaele.gratton@oapd.inaf.it Lucatello, Sara 4; Email Address: sara.lucatello@oapd.inaf.it Bernath, Peter F. 6; Email Address: pbernath@odu.edu Brooke, James S. A. 7; Email Address: jsabrooke@gmail.com Ram, Ram S. 7; Email Address: rr662@york.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy  2: Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, C1400, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  3: Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey  4: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy  5: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory. The WIYN Observatory is a joint facility of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Indiana University, Yale University, and the National Optical Astronomy Observatory. This research has made use of the Keck Observatory Archive (KOA), which is operated by the W. M. Keck Observatory and the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI), under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  6: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, 4541 Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, VA 23529-0126, USA  7: Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK; Source Info: 11/21/2014, Vol. 796 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: STARS -- Open clusters; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: LOW mass stars; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: GALACTIC center; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/796/1/68
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ridgway, Stephen T.
AU  - Matheson, Thomas
AU  - Mighell, Kenneth J.
AU  - Olsen, Knut A.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
T1  - THE VARIABLE SKY OF DEEP SYNOPTIC SURVEYS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/11/20/
VL  - 796
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The discovery of variable and transient sources is an essential product of synoptic surveys. The alert stream will require filtering for personalized criteria—a process managed by a functionality commonly described as a Broker. In order to understand quantitatively the magnitude of the alert generation and Broker tasks, we have undertaken an analysis of the most numerous types of variable targets in the sky—Galactic stars, quasi-stellar objects (QSOs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and asteroids. It is found that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will be capable of discovering ∼105 high latitude (|b| > 20°) variable stars per night at the beginning of the survey. (The corresponding number for |b| < 20° is orders of magnitude larger, but subject to caveats concerning extinction and crowding.) However, the number of new discoveries may well drop below 100 per night within less than one year. The same analysis applied to GAIA clarifies the complementarity of the GAIA and LSST surveys. Discovery of AGNs and QSOs are each predicted to begin at ∼3000 per night and decrease by 50 times over four years. Supernovae are expected at ∼1100 per night, and after several survey years will dominate the new variable discovery rate. LSST asteroid discoveries will start at >105 per night, and if orbital determination has a 50% success rate per epoch, they will drop below 1000 per night within two years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL surveys
KW  - QUASARS
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
N1  - Accession Number: 99251206; Ridgway, Stephen T. 1; Email Address: ridgway@noao.edu Matheson, Thomas 1 Mighell, Kenneth J. 1 Olsen, Knut A. 1 Howell, Steve B. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85725, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, P.O. Box 1, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/21/2014, Vol. 796 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL surveys; Subject Term: QUASARS; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/796/1/53
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiesner, Valerie L.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Crystallization kinetics of calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2014/11/27/Nov2014 Part C
VL  - 259
M3  - Article
SP  - 608
EP  - 615
SN  - 02578972
AB  - The crystallization kinetics of a calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass with composition relevant for aerospace applications, like air-breathing engines, were evaluated using differential thermal analysis (DTA) in powder and bulk forms. Activation energy and frequency factor values for crystallization of the glass were evaluated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to investigate the onset of crystallization and the phases that developed after heat treating bulk glass at temperatures ranging from 690 °C to 960 °C for various times. Samples annealed at temperatures below 900 °C remained amorphous, while specimens heat treated at and above 900 °C exhibited crystallinity originating at the surface. The crystalline phases were identified as wollastonite (CaSiO 3 ) and aluminum diopside (Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al) 2 O 6 ). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were employed to examine the microstructure and chemical compositions of crystalline phases formed after heat treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTALLIZATION
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - CALCIUM compounds
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL thermal analysis
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - ACTIVATION energy
KW  - Activation energy
KW  - CMAS
KW  - CMAS–coating interactions
KW  - Differential thermal analysis
KW  - Glass
N1  - Accession Number: 99736945; Wiesner, Valerie L. 1; Email Address: valerie.l.wiesner@nasa.gov Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2014 Part C, Vol. 259, p608; Subject Term: CRYSTALLIZATION; Subject Term: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject Term: CALCIUM compounds; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL thermal analysis; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: ACTIVATION energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activation energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAS–coating interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Differential thermal analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.10.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99736945&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balia, R. Jeffrey
T1  - Iodine Cordes Bands Thermometry in a Mach 10 Wake.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 52
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2901
EP  - 2904
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses research on the application of ensemble laser-induced fluorescence (ELIF) thermometry in a Mach 10 wake. It presents descriptions of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley 31 in Mach 10 air wind tunnel in Virginia. The details of the experiment conducted are presented.
KW  - THERMOMETRY
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 100109547; Balia, R. Jeffrey 1; Email Address: robert.j.balla@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 52 Issue 12, p2901; Subject Term: THERMOMETRY; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053305
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100109547&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bo Jin
AU  - Jungsik Kim
AU  - Jeong-Soo Lee
AU  - Dong-Hai Pi
AU  - Hyoung Seop Kim
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Role of an encapsulating layer for reducing resistance drift in phase change random access memory.
JO  - AIP Advances
JF  - AIP Advances
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 4
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 21583226
AB  - Phase change random access memory (PCRAM) devices exhibit a steady increase in resistance in the amorphous phase upon aging and this resistance drift phenomenon directly affects the device reliability. A stress relaxation model is used here to study the effect of a device encapsulating layer material in addressing the resistance drift phenomenon in PCRAM. The resistance drift can be increased or decreased depending on the biaxial moduli of the phase change material (YPCM) and the encapsulating layer material (YELM) according to the stress relationship between them in the drift regime. The proposed model suggests that the resistance drift can be effectively reduced by selecting a proper material as an encapsulating layer. Moreover, our model explains that reducing the size of the phase change material (PCM) while fully reset and reducing the amorphous/crystalline ratio in PCM help to improve the resistance drift, and thus opens an avenue for highly reliable multilevel PCRAM applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Advances is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHASE change memory
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - STRESS relaxation tests
KW  - ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances -- Plastic embedment
KW  - MODULI theory
N1  - Accession Number: 100229896; Bo Jin 1 Jungsik Kim 1 Jeong-Soo Lee 1; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr Dong-Hai Pi 2 Hyoung Seop Kim 2 Meyyappan, M. 3; Email Address: m.meyyappan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea  2: Department ofMaterials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Republic of Korea  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 4 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: PHASE change memory; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: STRESS relaxation tests; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC apparatus & appliances -- Plastic embedment; Subject Term: MODULI theory; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4905451
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl A.
AU  - Nicholson, Brooke E.
AU  - Beaudoin, Claire S.
AU  - Detweiler, Angela M.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
T1  - Trimethylamine and Organic Matter Additions Reverse Substrate Limitation Effects on the δ13C Values of Methane Produced in Hypersaline Microbial Mats.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 80
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 7316
EP  - 7323
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Methane production has been observed in a number of hypersaline environments, and it is generally thought that this methane is produced through the use of noncompetitive substrates, such as the methylamines, dimethylsulfide and methanol. Stable isotope measurements of the produced methane have also suggested that the methanogens are operating under conditions of substrate limitation. Here, substrate limitation in gypsum-hosted endoevaporite and soft-mat hypersaline environments was investigated by the addition of trimethylamine, a noncompetitive substrate for methanogenesis, and dried microbial mat, a source of natural organic matter. The δ13C values of the methane produced after amendments were compared to those in unamended control vials. At all hypersaline sites investigated, the δ13C values of the methane produced in the amended vials were statistically lower (by 10 to 71 % o ) than the unamended controls, supporting the hypothesis of substrate limitation at these sites. When substrates were added to the incubation vials, the methanogens within the vials fractionated carbon isotopes to a greater degree, resulting in the production of more 13C-depleted methane. Trimethylamine-amended samples produced lower methane δ13C values than the mat-amended samples. This difference in the δ13C values between the two types of amendments could be due to differences in isotope fractionation associated with the dominant methane production pathway (or substrate used) within the vials, with trimethylamine being the main substrate used in the trimethylamine-amended vials. It is hypothesized that increased natural organic matter in the mat-amended vials would increase fermentation rates, leading to higher H2 concentrations and increased C 02/H2 methanogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRIMETHYLAMINE
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - METHANE
KW  - METHANOL
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - CARBON isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 99426003; Kelley, Cheryl A. 1; Email Address: kelleyc@missouri.edu Nicholson, Brooke E. 1 Beaudoin, Claire S. 1 Detweiler, Angela M. 2 Bebout, Brad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 80 Issue 23, p7316; Subject Term: TRIMETHYLAMINE; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: METHANOL; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.02641-14
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99426003&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackey, J.
AU  - Sehirlioglu, A.
AU  - Dynys, F.
T1  - Analytic thermoelectric couple optimization introducing Device Design Factor and Fin Factor.
JO  - Applied Energy
JF  - Applied Energy
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 134
M3  - Article
SP  - 374
EP  - 381
SN  - 03062619
AB  - An analytic solution of a thermocouple has been developed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the physics of a real device. The model is established for both rectangular and cylindrical couples and is made to account for thermal resistance of the hot and cold shoes and lateral heat transfer. A set of dimensionless parameters have been developed to determine couple behavior and serve as simplifying justifications. New dimensionless parameters, Device Design Factor and Fin Factor, are introduced to account for the thermal resistance and lateral heat transfer, respectively. Design guidelines on couple length and cross-sectional area have been established to account for conditions encountered by a realistic couple. As a result of thermal resistances a lower limit on the length of the couple can be established. In the case of a lateral heat transfer couple the efficiency is found to depend upon cross-sectional area of the leg in such a fashion as to suggest the need to design large area couples. The classic thermoelectric solution neglects the effect of thermal resistance and lateral heat transfer, leading to an over estimated conversion efficiency. The work presented provides a path to incorporate these neglected factors and offers a simplified estimation for couple performance based on analytic solutions of governing equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Energy is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - THERMOCOUPLES
KW  - THERMAL resistance
KW  - PELTIER effect
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - Peltier effect
KW  - Seebeck coefficient
KW  - Thermoelectric modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 98401444; Mackey, J. 1; Email Address: jam151@zips.uakron.edu Sehirlioglu, A. 2 Dynys, F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 134, p374; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: THERMOCOUPLES; Subject Term: THERMAL resistance; Subject Term: PELTIER effect; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peltier effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seebeck coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric modeling; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.08.034
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98401444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, M. C. H.
AU  - Hull, Charles L. H.
AU  - Pillai, Thushara
AU  - Zhao, Jun-Hui
AU  - Sandell, Göran
T1  - NGC 7538 IRS. 1. INTERACTION OF A POLARIZED DUST SPIRAL AND A MOLECULAR OUTFLOW.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/12//12/1/2014
VL  - 796
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present dust polarization and CO molecular line images of NGC 7538 IRS 1. We combined data from the Submillimeter Array, the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope to make images with ∼2.″5 resolution at 230 and 345 GHz. The images show a remarkable spiral pattern in both the dust polarization and molecular outflow. These data dramatically illustrate the interplay between a high infall rate onto IRS 1 and a powerful outflow disrupting the dense, clumpy medium surrounding the star. The images of the dust polarization and the CO outflow presented here provide observational evidence for the exchange of energy and angular momentum between the infall and the outflow. The spiral dust pattern, which rotates through over 180° from IRS 1, may be a clumpy filament wound up by conservation of angular momentum in the infalling material. The redshifted CO emission ridge traces the dust spiral closely through the MM dust cores, several of which may contain protostars. We propose that the CO maps the boundary layer where the outflow is ablating gas from the dense gas in the spiral. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - NUCLEAR magnetic resonance
N1  - Accession Number: 99461113; Wright, M. C. H. 1 Hull, Charles L. H. 1 Pillai, Thushara 2 Zhao, Jun-Hui 3; Email Address: jzhao@cfa.harvard.edu Sandell, Göran 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Building N232, Room 146, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2014, Vol. 796 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: NUCLEAR magnetic resonance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/796/2/112
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99461113&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogers, R. R.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Hostetler, C. A.
AU  - Burton, S. P.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
AU  - Young, S. A.
AU  - Hair, J. W.
AU  - Obland, M. D.
AU  - Harper, D. B.
AU  - Cook, A. L.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
T1  - Looking through the haze: evaluating the CALIPSO level 2 aerosol optical depth using airborne high spectral resolution lidar data.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 7
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4317
EP  - 4340
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument onboard the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft has provided over 8 yr of nearly continuous vertical profiling of Earth’s atmosphere. In this paper we investigate the V3.01 and V3.02 CALIOP 532 nm aerosol layer optical depth (AOD) product (i.e the AOD of individual layers) and the column AOD product (i.e., the sum AOD of the complete column) using an extensive database of coincident measurements. The CALIOP AOD measurements and AOD uncertainty estimates are compared with collocated AOD measurements collected with the NASA High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) in the North American and Caribbean regions. In addition, the CALIOP aerosol lidar ratios are investigated using the HSRL measurements. In general, compared with the HSRL values, the CALIOP layer AOD are biased high by less than 50% for AOD <0.3 with higher errors for higher AOD. Less than 60% of the HSRL AOD measurements are encompassed within the CALIOP layer 1 SD uncertainty range (around the CALIOP layer AOD), so an error estimate is created to encompass 68% of the HSRL data. Using this new metric, the CALIOP layer AOD error is estimated using the HSRL layer AOD as ±0.035±0.05 · (HSRL layer AOD) at night and ±0.05±0.05 · (HSRL layer AOD) during the daytime. Furthermore, the CALIOP layer AOD error is found to correlate with aerosol loading as well as aerosol subtype, with the AODs in marine and dust layers agreeing most closely with the HSRL values. The lidar ratios used by CALIOP for polluted dust, polluted continental, and biomass burning layers are larger than the values measured by the HSRL in the CALIOP layers, and therefore the AODs for these types retrieved by CALIOP were generally too large. We estimated the CALIOP column AOD error can be expressed as ±0.05±0.07 · (HSRL column AOD) at night and ±0.08±0.1 · (HSRL column AOD) during the daytime. Multiple sources of error contribute to both positive and negative errors in the CALIOP column AOD, including multiple layers in the column of different aerosol types, lidar ratio errors, cloud misclassification, and undetected aerosol layers. The undetected layers were further investigated and we found that the layer detection algorithm works well at night, although undetected aerosols in the free troposphere introduce a mean underestimate of 0.02 in the column AOD in the data set examined. The decreased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) during the daytime led to poorer performance of the layer detection. This caused the daytime CALIOP column AOD to be less accurate than during the nighttime, because CALIOP frequently does not detect optically thin aerosol layers with AOD<0.1. Given that the median vertical extent of aerosol detected within any column was 1.6 km during the nighttime and 1.5 km during the daytime, we can estimate the minimum extinction detection threshold to be 0.012 km–1 at night and 0.067 km–1 during the daytime in a layer median sense. This extensive validation of level 2 CALIOP AOD products extends previous validation studies to nighttime lighting conditions and provides independent measurements of the lidar ratio; thus, allowing the assessment of the effect on the CALIOP AOD of using inappropriate lidar ratio values in the extinction retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - BIOMASS burning
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
N1  - Accession Number: 100341890; Rogers, R. R. 1; Email Address: rrogers@lfcc.edu Vaughan, M. A. 1 Hostetler, C. A. 1 Burton, S. P. 1 Ferrare, R. A. 1 Young, S. A. 2 Hair, J. W. 1 Obland, M. D. 1 Harper, D. B. 1 Cook, A. L. 1 Winker, D. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd, MS 401, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, Private Bag No. 1, Aspendale, VIC 3195, Australia; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 12, p4317; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: BIOMASS burning; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-7-4317-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100341890&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, J. R.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Oo, M.
AU  - Holz, R. E.
AU  - Lewis, J. R.
AU  - Welton, E. J.
T1  - Distinguishing cirrus cloud presence in autonomous lidar measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 7
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 7207
EP  - 7243
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Level 2 Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite-based cloud datasets from 2012 are investigated for metrics that help distinguish the cirrus cloud presence of in autonomous lidar measurements, using temperatures, heights, optical depth and phase. A thermal threshold, proposed by Sassen and Campbell (2001; SC2001) for cloud top temperature Ttop≤ -37 °C, is evaluated vs. CALIOP algorithms that identify ice-phase cloud layers alone using depolarized backscatter. Global mean cloud top heights (11.15 vs. 10.07 km a.m.s.l.), base heights (8.76 vs. 7.95 kma.m.s.l.), temperatures (-58.48 °C vs. -52.18 °C and -42.40 °C vs. -38.13 °C, 10 respectively for tops and bases) and optical depths (1.18 vs. 1.23) reflect the sensitivity to these competing constraints. Over 99% of all Ttop ≤-37 °C clouds are classified as ice by CALIOP Level 2 algorithms. Over 81% of all ice clouds correspond with Ttop &#8804-37 °C. For instruments lacking polarized measurements, and thus practical phase estimates, Ttop ≤-37 °C proves stable for distinguishing cirrus, as opposed 15 to the risks of glaciated liquid water cloud contamination occurring in a given sample from clouds identified at warmer temperatures. Uncertainties in temperature profiles use to collocate with lidar data (i.e., model reanalyses/sondes) may justifiably relax the Ttop ≤-37 °C threshold to include warmer cases. The ambiguity of "warm" (Ttop >-37 °C) ice cloud genus cannot be reconciled completely with available mea20 surements, however, conspicuously including phase. Cloud top heights and optical depths are evaluated as potential constraints, as functions of CALIOP-retrieved phase. However, these data provide, at best, additional constraint in regional samples, compared with temperature alone, and may exacerbate classification uncertainties overall globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Environmental aspects
KW  - GLACIATION
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
N1  - Accession Number: 97447161; Campbell, J. R. 1; Email Address: james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil Vaughan, M. A. 2 Oo, M. 3 Holz, R. E. 3 Lewis, J. R. 4 Welton, E. J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  3: Space Sciences and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA  4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA  5: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 7, p7207; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: GLACIATION; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-7-7207-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97447161&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
AU  - Jutte, Christine V.
AU  - Chauncey Wu, K.
T1  - Aeroelastic benefits of tow steering for composite plates.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 416
EP  - 422
SN  - 02638223
AB  - The use of tow steered composites, where fibers follow prescribed curvilinear paths within a laminate, can improve upon existing capabilities related to aeroelastic tailoring of wing structures, though this tailoring method has received relatively little attention in the literature. This paper demonstrates the technique for a cantilevered flat plate in low-speed flow. A genetic algorithm is used to locate the Pareto front between static aeroelastic stresses and dynamic flutter boundaries. The impact of various tailoring choices upon the aeroelastic performance is quantified: curvilinear fiber steering versus straight fiber steering and certifiable versus non-certifiable stacking sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL steering (Computer science)
KW  - COMPOSITE plates
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - CANTILEVER bridges
KW  - TAILORING
KW  - Aeroelasticity
KW  - Certifiable composites
KW  - Tow-steering
N1  - Accession Number: 98481778; Stanford, Bret K. 1; Email Address: bret.k.stanford@nasa.gov Jutte, Christine V. 2; Email Address: christine.v.jutte@nasa.gov Chauncey Wu, K. 1; Email Address: k.c.wu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Craig Technologies, Inc., Cape Canaveral, FL 32920, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 118, p416; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL steering (Computer science); Subject Term: COMPOSITE plates; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: CANTILEVER bridges; Subject Term: TAILORING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroelasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Certifiable composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tow-steering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 315220 Men's and Boys' Cut and Sew Apparel Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.08.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamakov, Vesselin
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Kang, Jin Ho
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
AU  - Fay, Catharine
T1  - Piezoelectric molecular dynamics model for boron nitride nanotubes.
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 95
M3  - Article
SP  - 362
EP  - 370
SN  - 09270256
AB  - A classical molecular dynamics model with an incorporated strain-dependent dipole potential energy term is introduced to represent the piezoelectric properties of boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs). The model allows for an analytical expression of the piezoelectric tensor of hexagonal BN monolayers in terms of the properties of the interatomic potential and two fitting parameters. The deformation-induced polarization predicted by this model is verified against the results of previously published electronic structure ( ab-initio and tight-binding) calculations. The model works well for BNNTs over the full range of chiral angles from φ = 0° (zig-zag tubes) to φ = 30° (armchair tubes) and under loading in both tensile and twist modes. The presented model can be a foundation for atomic-level modeling of the electroactive properties of large systems of BNNTs and BNNT composites, as well as a base for analytical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC materials
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - NANOTUBES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - BNNT
KW  - H-BN
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Piezoelectricity
N1  - Accession Number: 108293088; Yamakov, Vesselin 1; Email Address: yamakov@nianet.org Park, Cheol 2,3 Kang, Jin Ho 1 Wise, Kristopher E. 2 Fay, Catharine 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 95, p362; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC materials; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: NANOTUBES; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: BNNT; Author-Supplied Keyword: H-BN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piezoelectricity; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.07.047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chabot, Nancy L.
AU  - Ernst, Carolyn M.
AU  - Denevi, Brett W.
AU  - Nair, Hari
AU  - Deutsch, Ariel N.
AU  - Blewett, David T.
AU  - Murchie, Scott L.
AU  - Neumann, Gregory A.
AU  - Mazarico, Erwan
AU  - Paige, David A.
AU  - Harmon, John K.
AU  - Head, James W.
AU  - Solomon, Sean C.
T1  - Images of surface volatiles in Mercury's polar craters acquired by the MESSENGER spacecraft.
JO  - Geology
JF  - Geology
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 42
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1051
EP  - 1054
SN  - 00917613
AB  - Images acquired by NASA's MESSENGER spacecraft have revealed the morphology of frozen volatiles in Mercury's permanently shadowed polar craters and provide insight into the mode of emplacement and evolution of the polar deposits. The images show extensive, spatially continuous regions with distinctive reflectance properties. A site within Prokofiev crater identified as containing widespread surface water ice exhibits a cratered texture that resembles the neighboring sunlit surface except for its uniformly higher reflectance, indicating that the surficial ice was emplaced after formation of the underlying craters. In areas where water ice is inferred to be present but covered by a thin layer of dark, organic-rich volatile material, regions with uniformly lower reflectance extend to the edges of the shadowed areas and terminate with sharp boundaries. The sharp boundaries indicate that the volatile deposits at Mercury's poles are geologically young, relative to the time scale for lateral mixing by impacts, and either are restored at the surface through an ongoing process or were delivered to the planet recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geology is the property of Geological Society of America and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MERCURY (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - ICE
N1  - Accession Number: 99716649; Chabot, Nancy L. 1; Email Address: Nancy.Chabot@jhuapl.edu Ernst, Carolyn M. 1 Denevi, Brett W. 1 Nair, Hari 1 Deutsch, Ariel N. 1 Blewett, David T. 1 Murchie, Scott L. 1 Neumann, Gregory A. 2 Mazarico, Erwan 2 Paige, David A. 3 Harmon, John K. 4 Head, James W. 5 Solomon, Sean C. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA  3: Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA  4: National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, Arecibo Observatory, Arecibo, Puerto Rico 00612, USA  5: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA  6: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964, USA  7: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 42 Issue 12, p1051; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MERCURY (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: ICE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1130/G35916.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
AU  - Geven, Richard W.
AU  - Recker, Matthias P.
AU  - Schooler, Jonathan W.
T1  - The Retention of Manual Flying Skills in the Automated Cockpit.
JO  - Human Factors
JF  - Human Factors
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 56
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1506
EP  - 1516
SN  - 00187208
AB  - The article details a study on the effects of prolonged use of cockpit automation to a pilots' manual flying skills. For this study, 16 airline pilots were asked to flyroutine and nonroutine flight scenarios in a Boeing 747-400 simulator. The study found that when automation is used, the instrument scanning and aircraft control skills of the pilots are well retained.
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIRPLANE control systems
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control
KW  - AUTOMATED guided vehicle systems
KW  - CORE competencies
KW  - SKILLS inventories
KW  - ABILITY testing
KW  - atrophy
KW  - manual flying skills
KW  - mind wandering
KW  - procedural
KW  - retention
N1  - Accession Number: 99431020; Casner, Stephen M. 1 Geven, Richard W. 2 Recker, Matthias P. 2 Schooler, Jonathan W. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, California  2: San José State University Research Foundation, Moffett Field, California  3: University of California, Santa Barbara; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 56 Issue 8, p1506; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIRPLANE control systems; Subject Term: HUMAN-machine systems -- Manual control; Subject Term: AUTOMATED guided vehicle systems; Subject Term: CORE competencies; Subject Term: SKILLS inventories; Subject Term: ABILITY testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: atrophy; Author-Supplied Keyword: manual flying skills; Author-Supplied Keyword: mind wandering; Author-Supplied Keyword: procedural; Author-Supplied Keyword: retention; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/0018720814535628
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Denney, Ewen
AU  - Pai, Ganesh
T1  - Automating the Assembly of Aviation Safety Cases.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Reliability
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 63
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 830
EP  - 849
SN  - 00189529
AB  - Safety cases are among the state of the art in safety management mechanisms, providing an explicit way to reason about system and software safety. The intent is to provide convincing, valid, comprehensive assurance that a system is acceptably safe for a given application in a defined operating environment, by creating an argument structure that links claims about safety to a body of evidence. However, their construction is a largely manual, and therefore a time consuming, error prone, and expensive process. We present a methodology for automatically assembling safety cases which are auto-generated from the application of a formal method to software, with manually created safety cases derived from system safety analysis. Our approach emphasizes the heterogeneity of safety-relevant information, and we show how diverse content can be integrated into a single argument structure. To illustrate our methodology, we have applied it to the Swift Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) being developed at the NASA Ames Research Center. We present an end-to-end fragment of the resulting interim safety case comprising an aircraft-level argument manually constructed from the safety analysis of the Swift UAS, which is automatically assembled with an auto-generated lower-level argument produced from a formal proof of correctness of the safety-relevant properties of the software autopilot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Reliability is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - AUTONOMOUS vehicles
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - COMPUTER software -- Safety measures
KW  - Assembly
KW  - formal methods
KW  - Hazards
KW  - NASA
KW  - safety assurance
KW  - Safety cases
KW  - Software
KW  - software safety
KW  - Standards
KW  - system safety
KW  - Unmanned aerial vehicles
KW  - unmanned aircraft systems
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 100027980; Denney, Ewen 1 Pai, Ganesh 1; Affiliation:  1: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 63 Issue 4, p830; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: AUTONOMOUS vehicles; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: COMPUTER software -- Safety measures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assembly; Author-Supplied Keyword: formal methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hazards; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: safety assurance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety cases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software; Author-Supplied Keyword: software safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Standards; Author-Supplied Keyword: system safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unmanned aerial vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: unmanned aircraft systems; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TR.2014.2335995
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin, Rodney A.
AU  - Kaul, Upender K.
T1  - Optimization of Perturbation Parameters for Simulated Free Shear Layer Flow.
JO  - International Journal of Flow Control
JF  - International Journal of Flow Control
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 135
EP  - 145
SN  - 17568250
AB  - This paper provides details on the optimization of phase and amplitude of perturbations for simulated free shear layer flows. The goal of the optimization is to maximize or minimize the rate of growth of the shear layer, based upon first-principles physics-based simulations that represent solutions to the fully nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations. These simulations have been obtained using a unique method [1, 2] that considerably reduces the computational burden normally associated with obtaining such solutions. In fact, the development of active flow control methodologies is often based upon reduced order models of the Navier-Stokes equations to avoid this computational overhead. Various regression methods were used to approximate the shear layer thickness as a function of the phase and amplitude of perturbations used to excite the flow dynamics as a proxy for using a simulation based upon first principles, in order to reduce computational burden even further. It was found that nonlinear regression methods overall outperformed linear regression methods, owing to the fundamentally nonlinear nature of the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Flow Control is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - NONLINEAR regression
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 109576496; Martin, Rodney A. 1; Email Address: rodney.martin@nasa.gov Kaul, Upender K. 2; Email Address: upender.kaul@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Intelligent Systems Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p135; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: NONLINEAR regression; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vatsa, Veer N.
AU  - Casalino, Damiano
AU  - Lin, John C.
AU  - Appelbaum, Jason
T1  - Simulation of a High-Lift Configuration Embedded with Fluidic Actuators Using PowerFLOW Code.
JO  - International Journal of Flow Control
JF  - International Journal of Flow Control
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 6
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 169
SN  - 17568250
AB  - Numerical simulations have been performed for a vertical tail configuration with deflected rudder. The suction surface of the main element of this configuration is embedded with an array of 32 fluidic actuators that produce oscillating sweeping jets. Such oscillating jets have been found to be very effective for flow control applications in the past. In the current paper, a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code known as the PowerFLOW® code is used to simulate the entire flow field associated with this configuration, including the flow inside the actuators. The computed results for the surface pressure and integrated forces compare favorably with measured data. In addition, numerical solutions predict the correct trends in forces with active flow control compared to the no control case. Effect of varying yaw and rudder deflection angles are also presented. In addition, computations have been performed at a higher Reynolds number to assess the performance of fluidic actuators at flight conditions. Unsteady characteristics of oscillatory micro-jets issued from these actuators are also analyzed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Flow Control is the property of Multi-Science Publishing Co Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUIDICS
KW  - COMBINATORIAL designs & configurations
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - STEERING gear
N1  - Accession Number: 109576497; Vatsa, Veer N. 1 Casalino, Damiano 2 Lin, John C. 1 Appelbaum, Jason 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton,VA 23681  2: Exa GmbH, Curiestrasse 4, D-70563, Stuttgart, Germany; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 6 Issue 4, p147; Subject Term: FLUIDICS; Subject Term: COMBINATORIAL designs & configurations; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: STEERING gear; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tayon, Wesley A.
AU  - Shenoy, Ravi N.
AU  - Redding, MacKenzie R.
AU  - Bird, R. Keith
AU  - Hatley, Robert A.
T1  - Correlation Between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in an Inconel 718 Deposit Produced Via Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication.
JO  - Journal of Manufacturing Science & Engineering
JF  - Journal of Manufacturing Science & Engineering
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 136
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 10871357
AB  - Electron beam freeform fabrication (EBF³), a metallic layer-additive manufacturing process, uses a high-power electron beam in conjunction with a metal feed wire to create a molten pool on a substrate, which on solidification produces a component of the desired configuration made of sequentially deposited layers. During the build-up of each solidified layer, the substrate is translated with respect to the electron beam and the feed wire. EBF³ products are similar to conventional cast products with regard to the as-deposited (AD) microstructure and typical mechanical properties. Inconel 718 (IN 718), a hightemperature superalloy with attractive mechanical and oxidation properties well suited for aerospace applications, is typically used in the wrought form. The present study examines the evolution of microstructure, crystallographic texture, and mechanical properties of a block of IN 718 fabricated via the EBF³ process. Specimens extracted out of this block, both in the AD and in a subsequently heat treated (HT) condition, were subjected to (1) microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); (2) in-plane elastic modulus, tensile strength, and microhardness evaluations; and (3) crystallographic texture characterization using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). Salient conclusions stemming from this study are: (1) mechanical properties of the EBF³-processed IN 718 block are strongly affected by texture as evidenced by their dependence on orientation relative to the EBF³ fabrication direction, with the AD EBF3 properties generally being significantly reduced compared to wrought IN 718; (2) significant improvement in both strength and modulus of the EBF product to levels nearly equal to those for wrought IN 718 may be achieved through heat treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Manufacturing Science & Engineering is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON beams -- Research
KW  - FABRICATION (Manufacturing)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INCONEL
KW  - THREE-dimensional printing
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
N1  - Accession Number: 99807555; Tayon, Wesley A. 1; Email Address: wesley.a.tayon@nasa.gov Shenoy, Ravi N. 2 Redding, MacKenzie R. 3 Bird, R. Keith 1 Hatley, Robert A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Northrop Grumman, Technical Services Hampton, VA 23681  3: Engineering Physics Department, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 136 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams -- Research; Subject Term: FABRICATION (Manufacturing); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INCONEL; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional printing; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4028509
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, C.O.
AU  - Brandis, A.M.
T1  - Modeling of nonequilibrium CO Fourth-Positive and CN Violet emission in CO2–N2 gases.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 149
M3  - Article
SP  - 303
EP  - 317
SN  - 00224073
AB  - This work develops a chemical kinetic rate model for simulating nonequilibrium radiation from CO 2 –N 2 gases, representative of Mars or Venus entry shock layers. Using recent EAST shock tube measurements of nonequilibrium CO 4th Positive and CN Violet emission at pressures and velocities ranging from 0.10 to 1.0 Torr and 6 to 8 km/s, the rate model is developed through an optimization procedure that minimizes the disagreement between the measured and simulated nonequilibrium radiance profiles. Only the dissociation rates of CO 2 , CO, and NO, along with the CN + O and CO + N rates were treated as unknown in this optimization procedure, as the nonequilibrium radiance was found to be most sensitive to them. The other rates were set to recent values from the literature. Increases in over a factor of 5 in the CO dissociation rate relative to the previous widely used value were found to provide the best agreement with measurements, while the CO 2 rate was not changed. The developed model is found to capture the measured nonequilibrium radiance of CO 4th Positive and CN Violet within error bars of ±30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - NON-equilibrium reactions
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - Chemical kinetics
KW  - CO 4th Positive
KW  - Nonequilibrium
KW  - Shock tube
N1  - Accession Number: 98852998; Johnston, C.O. 1; Email Address: Christopher.O.Johnston@nasa.gov Brandis, A.M. 2; Email Address: Aaron.M.Brandis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: ERC Corporation at NASA Ames, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 149, p303; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: NON-equilibrium reactions; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO 4th Positive; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonequilibrium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock tube; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.08.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nelson, Emily S.
AU  - Mulugeta, Lealem
AU  - Myers, Jerry G.
T1  - Microgravity-Induced Fluid Shift and Ophthalmic Changes.
JO  - Life (2075-1729)
JF  - Life (2075-1729)
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 4
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 621
EP  - 665
SN  - 20751729
AB  - Although changes to visual acuity in spaceflight have been observed in some astronauts since the early days of the space program, the impact to the crew was considered minor. Since that time, missions to the International Space Station have extended the typical duration of time spent in microgravity from a few days or weeks to many months. This has been accompanied by the emergence of a variety of ophthalmic pathologies in a significant proportion of long-duration crewmembers, including globe flattening, choroidal folding, optic disc edema, and optic nerve kinking, among others. The clinical findings of affected astronauts are reminiscent of terrestrial pathologies such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension that are characterized by high intracranial pressure. As a result, NASA has placed an emphasis on determining the relevant factors and their interactions that are responsible for detrimental ophthalmic response to space. This article will describe the Visual Impairment and Intracranial Pressure syndrome, link it to key factors in physiological adaptation to the microgravity environment, particularly a cephalad shifting of bodily fluids, and discuss the implications for ocular biomechanics and physiological function in long-duration spaceflight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Life (2075-1729) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - VISUAL acuity
KW  - OPTIC nerve
KW  - VISION disorders
KW  - INTRACRANIAL pressure
KW  - aerospace medicine
KW  - cephalic fluid shift
KW  - gravitational physiology
KW  - intracranial pressure
KW  - microgravity
KW  - visual impairment
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 100119577; Nelson, Emily S. 1; Email Address: Emily.S.Nelson@nasa.gov Mulugeta, Lealem 2; Email Address: lealem.mulugeta@nasa.gov Myers, Jerry G. 1; Email Address: Jerry.G.Myers@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, Division of Space Life Sciences, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 4 Issue 4, p621; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: VISUAL acuity; Subject Term: OPTIC nerve; Subject Term: VISION disorders; Subject Term: INTRACRANIAL pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerospace medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: cephalic fluid shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitational physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: intracranial pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: visual impairment; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/life4040621
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100119577&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav V.
AU  - Naroenkov, Sergey A.
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Popova, Olga P.
T1  - The orbit and dynamical evolution of the Chelyabinsk object.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 49
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2169
EP  - 2174
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The orbit of the Chelyabinsk object is calculated, applying the least-squares method directly to astrometric positions. The dynamical evolution of this object in the past is studied by integrating equations of motion for particles with orbits from the confidence region. It is found that the majority of the Chelyabinsk clones reach the near-Sun state. Sixty-seven percent of these objects have collisions with the Sun for 15 Myr in our numerical simulations. The distribution of minimum solar distances shows that the most probable time for the encounters of the Chelyabinsk object with the Sun lies in the interval from −0.8 Myr to −2 Myr. This is consistent with the estimate of a cosmic ray exposure age of 1.2 Myr (Popova et al. 2013). A parent body of the Chelyabinsk object should experience strong tidal and thermal effects at this time. The possible association of the Chelyabinsk object with 86039 (1999 NC43) and 2008 DJ is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHELYABINSK meteorite
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - METEORITES -- Research
KW  - SUN
N1  - Accession Number: 99730329; Emel'yanenko, Vacheslav V. 1 Naroenkov, Sergey A. 1 Jenniskens, Peter 2,3 Popova, Olga P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Astronomy of the Russian Academy of Sciences  2: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: Institute for Dynamics of Geospheres of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 49 Issue 12, p2169; Subject Term: CHELYABINSK meteorite; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Research; Subject Term: SUN; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12382
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pon, Andy
AU  - Johnstone, Doug
AU  - Kaufman, Michael J.
AU  - Caselli, Paola
AU  - Plume, Renè
T1  - Mid-J CO observations of Perseus B1-East 5: evidence for turbulent dissipation via low-velocity shocks.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/12//12/1/2014
VL  - 445
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1508
EP  - 1520
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Giant molecular clouds contain supersonic turbulence and magnetohydrodynamic simulations predict that this turbulence should decay rapidly. Such turbulent dissipation has the potential to create a warm (T ~ 100 K) gas component within a molecular cloud. We present observations of the CO J = 5-4 and 6-5 transitions, taken with the Herschel Space Observatory, towards the Perseus B1-East 5 region. We combine these new observations with archival measurements of lower rotational transitions and fit photodissociation region models to the data. We show that Perseus B1-E5 has an anomalously large CO J = 6-5 integrated intensity, consistent with a warm gas component existing within the region. This excess emission is consistent with predictions for shock heating due to the dissipation of turbulence in low-velocity shocks with the shocks having a volume filling factor of 0.15 per cent. We find that B1-E has a turbulent energy dissipation rate of 3.5 × 1032 erg s-1 and a dissipation time-scale that is only a factor of 3 larger than the flow crossing time-scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: individual objects: Perseus B1-East
KW  - photodissociation region (PDR)
KW  - shock waves
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 110260108; Pon, Andy 1,2; Email Address: andyrpon@gmail.com Johnstone, Doug 3,4,5 Kaufman, Michael J. 6,7 Caselli, Paola 1,2 Plume, Renè 8; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany  2: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK  3: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North A'ohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  4: NRC-Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  7: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Source Info: 12/1/2014, Vol. 445 Issue 2, p1508; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: Perseus B1-East; Author-Supplied Keyword: photodissociation region (PDR); Author-Supplied Keyword: shock waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stu1856
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110260108&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bennet, Euan D.
AU  - Potts, Hugh E.
AU  - Teodoro, Luis F. A.
AU  - Diver, Declan A.
T1  - Electron acceleration by magnetic collapse during decoupling.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2014/12//12/1/2014
VL  - 445
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1521
EP  - 1525
SN  - 00358711
AB  - This paper identifies the non-equilibrium evolution of magnetic field structures at the onset of large-scale recombination of an inhomogeneously ionized plasma. The context for this is the Universe during the epoch of recombination. The electromagnetic treatment of this phase transition can produce energetic electrons scattered throughout the Universe, localized near the edges of magnetic domains. This is confirmed by a numerical simulation in which a magnetic domain is modelled as a uniform field region produced by a thin surrounding current sheet. Conduction currents sustaining the magnetic structure are removed as the charges comprising them combine into neutrals. The induced electric field accompanying the magnetic collapse is able to accelerate ambient stationary electrons (that is, electrons not participating in the current sheet) to energies of up to order 10keV. This is consistent with theoretical predictions. The localized electron acceleration leads to local imbalances of charge which has implications for charge separation in the early Universe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON accelerators
KW  - DECOUPLING (Mathematics)
KW  - NON-equilibrium reactions
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - cosmology: theory
KW  - magnetic fields
N1  - Accession Number: 110260109; Bennet, Euan D. 1; Email Address: Euan.Bennet@glasgow.ac.uk Potts, Hugh E. 1 Teodoro, Luis F. A. 2 Diver, Declan A. 1; Affiliation:  1: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK  2: BAER Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94935-1000, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2014, Vol. 445 Issue 2, p1521; Subject Term: ELECTRON accelerators; Subject Term: DECOUPLING (Mathematics); Subject Term: NON-equilibrium reactions; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic fields; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stu1857
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110260109&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werneth, Charles M.
AU  - Maung, Khin M.
AU  - Ford, William P.
AU  - Norbury, John W.
AU  - Vera, Michael D.
T1  - Elastic differential cross sections for space radiation applications.
JO  - Physical Review C: Nuclear Physics
JF  - Physical Review C: Nuclear Physics
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 90
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 05562813
AB  - The eikonal, partial wave (PW) Lippmann-Schwinger, and three-dimensional Lippmann-Schwinger (LS3D) methods are compared for nuclear reactions that are relevant for space radiation applications. Numerical convergence of the eikonal method is readily achieved when exact formulas of the optical potential are used for light nuclei (A <= 16), and the momentum-space representation of the optical potential is used for heavier nuclei. The PW solution method is known to be numerically unstable for systems that require a large number of partial waves, and, as a result, the LS3D method is employed. The effect of relativistic kinematics is studied with the PW and LS3D methods and is compared to eikonal results. It is recommended that the LS3D method be used for high-energy nucleon-nucleus reactions and nucleus-nucleus reactions at all energies because of its rapid numerical convergence and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review C: Nuclear Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTIC cross sections
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - EIKONAL equation
KW  - CORONAL mass ejections
KW  - NUCLEON-nucleon interactions
N1  - Accession Number: 100644541; Werneth, Charles M. 1 Maung, Khin M. 2 Ford, William P. 2 Norbury, John W. 1 Vera, Michael D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  2: University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box 5046, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 90 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: ELASTIC cross sections; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: EIKONAL equation; Subject Term: CORONAL mass ejections; Subject Term: NUCLEON-nucleon interactions; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevC.90.064905
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Darr, Samuel
T1  - Analytical model for steady flow through a finite channel with one porous wall with arbitrary variable suction or injection.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 26
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - This paper presents an exact solution of two-dimensional laminar flow through a finite length channel with one porous wall. It improves upon previous solutions by (1) satisfying the no-slip boundary condition at the channel dead end, (2) adding a turbulent term to the porous wall boundary condition, (3) allowing for arbitrary variable suction or injection across the porous wall, and (4) model validation against new cryogenic liquid hydrogen and oxygen experimental data. Of particular interest in the current work is the modeling of cryogenic propellant flow through a porous liquid acquisition device (LAD) screen and channel inside a propellant tank. First, a detailed review of the literature is presented for previously attempted solutions to channel flow with one porous wall. Next, the governing equations, boundary conditions, and model assumptions are used to derive the analytical flow solution and present general model results for pressure and velocity fields within the channel. Then, the model solution is compared with horizontal LAD channel flow data in liquid oxygen as well as vertical LAD channel flow data in an inverted outflow configuration in liquid hydrogen. Model results are used to update the static cryogenic bubble point pressure model with a dynamic bubble point term which factors in enhanced convection and cooling at the screen during propellant outflow. Convective heat transfer at the LAD screen during outflow is also quantified by comparing model and data. The new analytical flow solution with the dynamic bubble point model is shown to compare well with available cryogenic experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STEADY-state flow
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
N1  - Accession Number: 100228617; Hartwig, Jason 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Darr, Samuel 2; Affiliation:  1: Propulsion and Propellants Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 26 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: STEADY-state flow; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Number of Pages: 24p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 5 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4904739
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mishra, Nischal
AU  - Haque, Md Obaidul
AU  - Leigh, Larry
AU  - Aaron, David
AU  - Helder, Dennis
AU  - Markham, Brian
T1  - Radiometric Cross Calibration of Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+).
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 6
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 12619
EP  - 12638
SN  - 20724292
AB  - This study evaluates the radiometric consistency between Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) using cross calibration techniques. Two approaches are used, one based on cross calibration between the two sensors using simultaneous image pairs, acquired during an underfly event on 29-30 March 2013. The other approach is based on using time series of image statistics acquired by these two sensors over the Libya 4 pseudo invariant calibration site (PICS) (+28.55°N, +23.39°E). Analyses from these approaches show that the reflectance calibration of OLI is generally within ±3% of the ETM+ radiance calibration for all the reflective bands from visible to short wave infrared regions when the ChKur solar spectrum is used to convert the ETM+ radiance to reflectance. Similar results are obtained comparing the OLI radiance calibration directly with the ETM+ radiance calibration and the results in these two different physical units (radiance and reflectance) agree to within ±2% for all the analogous bands. These results will also be useful to tie all the Landsat heritage sensors from Landsat 1 MultiSpectral Scanner (MSS) through Landsat-8 OLI to a consistent radiometric scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - METHODOLOGY
KW  - REFLECTANCE measurement
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - MULTISPECTRAL scanner
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - cross-calibration
KW  - ETM+
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Operational Land Imager (OLI)
KW  - PICS
KW  - Spectral Band Adjustment Factor (SBAF)
N1  - Accession Number: 100135802; Mishra, Nischal 1; Email Address: Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu Haque, Md Obaidul 2 Leigh, Larry 1; Email Address: Larry.Leigh@sdstate.edu Aaron, David 1; Email Address: David.Aaron@sdstate.edu Helder, Dennis 1; Email Address: Dennis.Helder@sdstate.edu Markham, Brian 3; Email Address: Brian.L.Markham@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Engineering-Office of Research, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA  2: SGT, Inc., Contractor to U. S. Geological Survey (USGS) Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), Sioux Falls, SD 57198, USA  3: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 618, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Centre (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 6 Issue 12, p12619; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE measurement; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: MULTISPECTRAL scanner; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: cross-calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: ETM+; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operational Land Imager (OLI); Author-Supplied Keyword: PICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral Band Adjustment Factor (SBAF); Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs61212619
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chang, C.W.
AU  - Maduraiveeran, G.
AU  - Xu, J.C.
AU  - Hunter, G.W.
AU  - Dutta, P.K.
T1  - Design, fabrication, and testing of MEMS-based miniaturized potentiometric nitric oxide sensors.
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 204
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 189
SN  - 09254005
AB  - We report on the development of miniaturized potentiometric nitric oxide (NO) sensors. This work covers the design, fabrication and testing of these NO sensors. In particular, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques were utilized to miniaturize the size of the sensors. Sensors were fabricated using both shadow mask and photoresist mask fabrication methods. Arrays of up to 15 sensors were electrically connected in series during the fabrication process to improve the signal of the overall device for a given NO concentration. Testing on these sensor arrays toward NO was carried out at 550 °C to compare the performance of the various designs of the sensor. Sensitivity below the ppm level was demonstrated with the photoresist-masked 15-sensor array. Long-term stability of the miniaturized sensor array when operating at high temperatures needs to be improved before practical applications of this MEMS sensor technology can be realized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems
KW  - FABRICATION (Manufacturing)
KW  - POTENTIOMETRY
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - SENSOR arrays
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - Harsh environment sensor
KW  - MEMS
KW  - Microfabrication
KW  - NO x sensor
KW  - Potentiometric
N1  - Accession Number: 98575608; Chang, C.W. 1; Email Address: carl.w.chang@nasa.gov Maduraiveeran, G. 2 Xu, J.C. 3 Hunter, G.W. 3 Dutta, P.K. 2; Affiliation:  1: Vantage Partners, LLC, 21000 Brookpark Rd MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd MS 77-1, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 204, p183; Subject Term: MICROELECTROMECHANICAL systems; Subject Term: FABRICATION (Manufacturing); Subject Term: POTENTIOMETRY; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: SENSOR arrays; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harsh environment sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microfabrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO x sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Potentiometric; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2014.06.108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - NEWS
AU  - Russell, C.
AU  - Elphic, R.
T1  - Foreword.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 185
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Editorial
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 99922904; Russell, C. 1; Email Address: ctrussel@igpp.ucla.edu Elphic, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Los Angeles 90095 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 185 Issue 1-4, p1; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Editorial
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-014-0120-0
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99922904&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elphic, R.
AU  - Delory, G.
AU  - Hine, Butler
AU  - Mahaffy, P.
AU  - Horanyi, M.
AU  - Colaprete, A.
AU  - Benna, M.
AU  - Noble, S.
T1  - The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer Mission.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 185
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3
EP  - 25
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) mission was designed to address long-standing scientific questions about the Moon's environment, including the assessment of the composition of the lunar atmosphere, and characterization of the lunar dust environment at low orbital altitudes. LADEE was derived from the Modular Common Spacecraft Bus design that was developed at NASA Ames Research Center; it used modularized subassemblies and existing commercial spaceflight hardware to reduce cost. LADEE was launched on the very first Minotaur V, and was also the first deep space mission launched from Wallops Flight Facility in Virginia. LADEE was equipped with two in situ instruments and a remote sensing instrument to address the atmosphere and dust measurement requirements. LADEE also carried the first deep-space optical communications demonstration, the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration. LADEE was launched in early September, 2013, took science data for over 140 days in low lunar orbit, and impacted the surface on April 18, 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS -- Optical communication systems
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - Dust
KW  - Exosphere
KW  - LADEE
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 99922906; Elphic, R. 1; Email Address: richard.c.elphic@nasa.gov Delory, G. 1 Hine, Butler 1 Mahaffy, P. 2 Horanyi, M. 3 Colaprete, A. 1 Benna, M. 2 Noble, S. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt 20771 USA  3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder 80303 USA  4: NASA Headquarters, Washington 20546 USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 185 Issue 1-4, p3; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS -- Optical communication systems; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: LADEE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-014-0113-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99922906&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Vargo, Kara
AU  - Shirley, Mark
AU  - Landis, Dave
AU  - Wooden, Diane
AU  - Karcz, John
AU  - Hermalyn, Brendan
AU  - Cook, Amanda
T1  - An Overview of the LADEE Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometer.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2014/12//
VL  - 185
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 91
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrometer (UVS) instrument, which flew on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft (SC), was one of three science instruments used to characterize the lunar exosphere. UVS is a point spectrograph operating between 230-810 nm and used its two optical apertures to make observations of the exosphere just above the surface at a range of local times and altitudes, as well as making solar occultation measurements at the lunar sunrise terminator. The instrument was led out of NASA Ames Research Center with primary hardware being provided by Draper Laboratories. Final instrument integration, testing and operations were performed at NASA Ames. Over the course of the 140-day LADEE mission UVS acquired more than 1 million spectra, providing a unique data set for lunar exosphere gasses and dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - OPTICAL apertures
KW  - LUNAR dust
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - LADEE
KW  - Lunar Exosphere
KW  - Moon
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 99922901; Colaprete, Anthony 1; Email Address: Anthony.Colaprete-1@nasa.gov Vargo, Kara 1 Shirley, Mark 1 Landis, Dave 2 Wooden, Diane 1 Karcz, John 1 Hermalyn, Brendan 3 Cook, Amanda 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field Mountain View USA  2: Draper Laboratory, Tampa USA  3: University of Hawaii, Honolulu USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 185 Issue 1-4, p63; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: OPTICAL apertures; Subject Term: LUNAR dust; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: LADEE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Exosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-014-0112-0
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99922901&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moss, J. N.
AU  - O'Byrne, S.
AU  - Gai, S. L.
T1  - Hypersonic Separated Flows about "Tick" Configurations with Sensitivity to Model Design.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2014/12/02/
VL  - 1628
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
EP  - 169
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents computational results obtained by applying the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method for hypersonic nonequilibrium flow about "tick-shaped" model configurations. These test models produces a complex flow where the nonequilibrium and rarefied aspects of the flow are initially enhanced as the flow passes over an expansion surface, and then the flow encounters a compression surface that can induce flow separation. The resulting flow is such that meaningful numerical simulations must have the capability to account for a significant range of rarefaction effects; hence the application of the DSMC method in the current study as the flow spans several flow regimes, including transitional, slip, and continuum. The current focus is to examine the sensitivity of both the model surface response (heating, friction and pressure) and flowfield structure to assumptions regarding surface boundary conditions and more extensively the impact of model design as influenced by leading edge configuration as well as the geometrical features of the expansion and compression surfaces. Numerical results indicate a strong sensitivity to both the extent of the leading edge sharpness and the magnitude of the leading edge bevel angle. Also, the length of the expansion surface for a fixed compression surface has a significant impact on the extent of separated flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLOW separation (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - HYPERSONICS
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM flow
KW  - CONTINUUM mechanics
KW  - DSMC
KW  - hypersonic flow
KW  - leading edge effects
KW  - rarefaction effects
KW  - separated flow
KW  - surface effects
N1  - Accession Number: 99835685; Moss, J. N. 1 O'Byrne, S. 2 Gai, S. L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 408A, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001, USA  2: School of Engineering & IT, University of NSW, Canberra, ACT, 2602, Australia; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 1628 Issue 1, p162; Subject Term: FLOW separation (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: HYPERSONICS; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM flow; Subject Term: CONTINUUM mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypersonic flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: leading edge effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: rarefaction effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: separated flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface effects; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4902588
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99835685&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
T1  - Viscous liquid flow on Martian dune slopes.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2014/12/02/Dec2014 Part B
VL  - 104
M3  - Article
SP  - 318
EP  - 319
SN  - 00320633
AB  - The observed temporary dark streaks on some dune slopes on Mars may be due to thin sheets of water (or some other liquid) trickling downhill. This note corrects conceptual errors in a previous paper (Möhlmann and Kereszturi, 2010, Icarus 207 , 654–658) which affect the velocity profile of such flows, and produce over-estimates of their depths and mass fluxes by factors of almost two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - TRICKLING filters
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - Mars
KW  - Surface
N1  - Accession Number: 99829715; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Dec2014 Part B, Vol. 104, p318; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: TRICKLING filters; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2014.09.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99829715&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kindel, B. C.
AU  - Pilewskie, P.
AU  - Schmidt, K. S.
AU  - Thornberry, T.
AU  - Rollins, A.
AU  - Bui, T.
T1  - Upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere water vapor retrievals from the 1400 and 1900 nm water vapor bands.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2014/12/03/
VL  - 7
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 10221
EP  - 10248
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Measuring water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is difficult due to the low mixing ratios found there, typically only a few parts per million. Here we examine near infrared spectra acquired with the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer during the first science phase of the NASA Airborne Tropical Tropopause EXperiment. From the 1400 and 1900 nm absorption bands, we infer water vapor amounts in the tropical tropopause layer and adjacent regions between 14 and 18 km altitude. We compare these measurements to solar transmittance spectra produced with the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model, using in situ water vapor, temperature, and pressure profiles acquired concurrently with the SSFR spectra. Measured and modeled transmittance values agree within 0.002, with some larger differences in the 1900 nm band (up to 0.004). Integrated water vapor amounts along the absorption path lengths of 3 to 6 km varied from 1.26 X 10-4 to 4.59 X 10-4gcm-2. A 0.002 difference in absorptance at 1367 nm re- sults in a 3.35 X 10-5 g cm-2 change of integrated water vapor amount, 0.004 absorptance change at 1870 nm results in 5.5 X 10-5 g cm-2 of water vapor. These are 27% (1367 nm) and 44 % (1870 nm) differences at the lowest measured value of water vapor (1.26 X 10-4 g cm-2) and 7 % (1367 nm) and 4 12% (1870nm) differences at the highest measured value of water vapor (4.59 X 10-4g cm-2). A potential method for extending this type of measurement from aircraft flight altitude to the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC spectra
KW  - SOLAR spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 98936476; Kindel, B. C. 1; Email Address: kindel@lasp.colorado.edu Pilewskie, P. 1,2 Schmidt, K. S. 1 Thornberry, T. 3 Rollins, A. 3 Bui, T. 4; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 392, Boulder, Colorado, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Campus Box 311, Boulder, CO, USA  3: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, Colorado, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2014, Vol. 7 Issue 9, p10221; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC spectra; Subject Term: SOLAR spectra; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-7-10221-2014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98936476&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kopytova, Taisiya G.
AU  - Crossfield, Ian J. M.
AU  - Deacon, Niall R.
AU  - Brandner, Wolfgang
AU  - Buenzli, Esther
AU  - Bayo, Amelia
AU  - Schlieder, Joshua E.
AU  - Manjavacas, Elena
AU  - Biller, Beth A.
AU  - Kopon, Derek
T1  - DEEP z-BAND OBSERVATIONS OF THE COOLEST Y DWARF.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/12/10/
VL  - 797
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - WISE J085510.83-071442.5 (hereafter, WISE 0855-07) is the coolest Y dwarf known to date and is located at a distance of 2.31 ± 0.08 pc, giving it the fourth largest parallax of any known star or brown dwarf system. We report deep z-band observations of WISE 0855-07 using FORS2 on UT1/Very Large Telescope. We do not detect any counterpart to WISE 0855-07 in our z-band images and estimate a brightness upper limit of AB mag > 24.8 (Fν < 0.45 μJy) at 910 ± 65 nm with 3σ confidence. We combine our z-band upper limit with previous near- and mid-infrared photometry to place constraints on the atmospheric properties of WISE 0855-07 via comparison to models which implement water clouds in the atmospheres of Teff < 300 K substellar objects. We find that none of the available models that implement water clouds can completely reproduce the observed spectral energy distribution of WISE 0855-07. Every model significantly disagrees with the (3.6 μm/4.5 μm) flux ratio and at least one other bandpass. Since methane is predicted to be the dominant absorber at 3-4 μm, these mismatches might point to an incorrect or incomplete treatment of methane in current models. We conclude that (a) WISE0855-07 has Teff ∼ 200-250 K, (b) <80% of its surface is covered by clouds, and (c) deeper observations, and improved models of substellar evolution, atmospheres, clouds, and opacities will be necessary to better characterize this object. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - STARS
KW  - VERY large telescopes
KW  - NEW technology telescopes
N1  - Accession Number: 99635161; Kopytova, Taisiya G. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: kopytova@mpia.de Crossfield, Ian J. M. 1,5,6 Deacon, Niall R. 1,7 Brandner, Wolfgang 1 Buenzli, Esther 1 Bayo, Amelia 1,8 Schlieder, Joshua E. 1,9 Manjavacas, Elena 1,2 Biller, Beth A. 10 Kopon, Derek 1; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: International Max Planck Research School for Astronomy and Space Physics, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Astrophysics Department, American Museum of Natural History, 200 Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA  4: Visiting Scholar, Kade Fellow at the American Museum of Natural History.  5: Lunar and Planetary Lab, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: Sagan Fellow.  7: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK  8: Instituto de Fisica y Astronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Gran Bretaña N 1111 Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile  9: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill View, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK; Source Info: 12/10/2014, Vol. 797 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: VERY large telescopes; Subject Term: NEW technology telescopes; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99635161&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - METHANE, CARBON MONOXIDE, AND AMMONIA IN BROWN DWARFS AND SELF-LUMINOUS GIANT PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2014/12/10/
VL  - 797
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We address disequilibrium abundances of some simple molecules in the atmospheres of solar composition brown dwarfs and self-luminous extrasolar giant planets using a kinetics-based one-dimensional atmospheric chemistry model. Our approach is to use the full kinetics model to survey the parameter space with effective temperatures between 500 K and 1100 K. In all of these worlds, equilibrium chemistry favors CH4 over CO in the parts of the atmosphere that can be seen from Earth, but in most disequilibrium favors CO. The small surface gravity of a planet strongly discriminates against CH4 when compared to an otherwise comparable brown dwarf. If vertical mixing is like Jupiter's, the transition from methane to CO occurs at 500 K in a planet. Sluggish vertical mixing can raise this to 600 K, but clouds or more vigorous vertical mixing could lower this to 400 K. The comparable thresholds in brown dwarfs are 1100 ± 100 K. Ammonia is also sensitive to gravity, but, unlike CH4/CO, the NH3/N2 ratio is insensitive to mixing, which makes NH3 a potential proxy for gravity. HCN may become interesting in high-gravity brown dwarfs with very strong vertical mixing. Detailed analysis of the CO-CH4 reaction network reveals that the bottleneck to CO hydrogenation goes through methanol, in partial agreement with previous work. Simple, easy to use quenching relations are derived by fitting to the complete chemistry of the full ensemble of models. These relations are valid for determining CO, CH4, NH3, HCN, and CO2 abundances in the range of self-luminous worlds we have studied, but may not apply if atmospheres are strongly heated at high altitudes by processes not considered here (e.g., wave breaking). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - DWARF stars
N1  - Accession Number: 99635199; Zahnle, Kevin J. 1; Email Address: Kevin.J.Zahnle@NASA.gov Marley, Mark S. 1; Email Address: Mark.S.Marley@NASA.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 12/10/2014, Vol. 797 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/797/1/41
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99635199&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Matthew S.
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
AU  - Tadić, Jovan M.
AU  - Wecht, Kevin J.
AU  - Jeong, Seongeun
AU  - Fischer, Marc L.
T1  - Analyzing source apportioned methane in northern California during Discover-AQ-CA using airborne measurements and model simulations.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2014/12/11/
VL  - 99
M3  - Article
SP  - 248
EP  - 256
SN  - 13522310
AB  - This study analyzes source apportioned methane (CH 4 ) emissions and atmospheric mixing ratios in northern California during the Discover-AQ-CA field campaign using airborne measurement data and model simulations. Source apportioned CH 4 emissions from the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) version 4.2 were applied in the 3-D chemical transport model GEOS-Chem and analyzed using airborne measurements taken as part of the Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment over the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) and northern San Joaquin Valley (SJV). During the time period of the Discover-AQ-CA field campaign EDGAR inventory CH 4 emissions were ∼5.30 Gg day −1 (Gg = 1.0 × 10 9 g) (equating to ∼1.90 × 10 3 Gg yr −1 ) for all of California. According to EDGAR, the SFBA and northern SJV region contributes ∼30% of total CH 4 emissions from California. Source apportionment analysis during this study shows that CH 4 mixing ratios over this area of northern California are largely influenced by global emissions from wetlands and local/global emissions from gas and oil production and distribution, waste treatment processes, and livestock management. Model simulations, using EDGAR emissions, suggest that the model under-estimates CH 4 mixing ratios in northern California (average normalized mean bias (NMB) = −5.2% and linear regression slope = 0.20). The largest negative biases in the model were calculated on days when large amounts of CH 4 were measured over local emission sources and atmospheric CH 4 mixing ratios reached values >2.5 parts per million. Sensitivity emission studies conducted during this research suggest that local emissions of CH 4 from livestock management processes are likely the primary source of the negative model bias. These results indicate that a variety, and larger quantity, of measurement data needs to be obtained and additional research is necessary to better quantify source apportioned CH 4 emissions in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - MIXING ratio (Atmospheric chemistry)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - AIR pollution -- Measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC transport
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Emission inventory
KW  - Livestock emissions
KW  - Methane
KW  - Source apportionment
N1  - Accession Number: 99228078; Johnson, Matthew S. 1; Email Address: matthew.s.johnson@nasa.gov Yates, Emma L. 1 Iraci, Laura T. 1 Loewenstein, Max 1 Tadić, Jovan M. 1,2 Wecht, Kevin J. 3 Jeong, Seongeun 4 Fischer, Marc L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA  4: Environmental Energy Technologies Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 99, p248; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: MIXING ratio (Atmospheric chemistry); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: AIR pollution -- Measurement; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC transport; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission inventory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Livestock emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Source apportionment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.068
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Englert, Peter A. J.
AU  - Patel, Shital
AU  - Tirsch, Daniela
AU  - Roy, Alex J.
AU  - Koeberl, Christian
AU  - Böttger, Ute
AU  - Hanke, Franziska
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
T1  - Mineralogical analyses of surface sediments in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: coordinated analyses of Raman spectra, reflectance spectra and elemental abundances.
JO  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2014/12/13/
VL  - 372
IS  - 2030
M3  - Article
SP  - 6
EP  - 6
SN  - 1364503X
AB  - Surface sediments at Lakes Fryxell, Vanda and Brownworth in the Antarctic Dry Valleys (ADV) were investigated as analogues for the cold, dry environment on Mars. Sediments were sampled from regions surrounding the lakes and from the ice cover on top of the lakes. The ADV sediments were studied using Raman spectra of individual grains and reflectance spectra of bulk particulate samples and compared with previous analyses of subsurface and lakebottom sediments. Elemental abundances were coordinated with the spectral data in order to assess trends in sediment alteration. The surface sediments in this study were compared with lakebottom sediments (Bishop JL et al. 2003 Int. J. Astrobiol. 2, 273-287 (doi:10.1017/S1473550403001654)) and samples from soil pits (Englert P et al. 2013 In European Planetary Science Congress, abstract no. 96; Englert P et al. 2014 In 45th Lunar and Planetary Science Conf., abstract no. 1707). Feldspar, quartz and pyroxene are common minerals found in all the sediments. Minor abundances of carbonate, chlorite, actinolite and allophane are also found in the surface sediments, and are similar to minerals found in greater abundance in the lakebottom sediments. Surface sediment formation is dominated by physical processes; a few centimetres below the surface chemical alteration sets in, whereas lakebottom sediments experience biomineralization. Characterizing the mineralogical variations in these samples provides insights into the alteration processes occurring in the ADV and supports understanding alteration in the cold and dry environment on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAKE sediments
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RAMAN spectra
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - BIOMINERALIZATION
KW  - Antarctic Dry Valleys
KW  - chemistry
KW  - Raman spectra
KW  - reflectance spectra
KW  - sediments
N1  - Accession Number: 99326715; Bishop, Janice L. 1,2; Email Address: jbishop@seti.org Englert, Peter A. J. 3 Patel, Shital 1,4 Tirsch, Daniela 5 Roy, Alex J. 6 Koeberl, Christian 7,8 Böttger, Ute 5 Hanke, Franziska 5,9 Jaumann, Ralf 5; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawaii at Mânoa, HI, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA  5: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Berlin, Germany  6: Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, HI, USA  7: Department of Lithospheric Research, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria  8: Natural History Museum, Burgring 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria  9: Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Source Info: 12/13/2014, Vol. 372 Issue 2030, p6; Subject Term: LAKE sediments; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RAMAN spectra; Subject Term: MINERALS; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: BIOMINERALIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic Dry Valleys; Author-Supplied Keyword: chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Raman spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflectance spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: sediments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 418
L3  - 10.1098/rsta.2014.0198
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilson, Michael A.
AU  - Nguyen, Thuy Hien
AU  - Pohorille, Andrew
T1  - Combining molecular dynamics and an electrodiffusion model to calculate ion channel conductance.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2014/12/14/
VL  - 141
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Establishing the relation between the structures and functions of protein ion channels, which are protein assemblies that facilitate transmembrane ion transport through water-filled pores, is at the forefront of biological and medical sciences. A reliable way to determine whether our understanding of this relation is satisfactory is to reproduce the measured ionic conductance over a broad range of applied voltages. This can be done in molecular dynamics simulations by way of applying an external electric field to the system and counting the number of ions that traverse the channel per unit time. Since this approach is computationally very expensive we develop a markedly more efficient alternative in which molecular dynamics is combined with an electrodiffusion equation. This alternative approach applies if steady-state ion transport through channels can be described with sufficient accuracy by the one-dimensional diffusion equation in the potential given by the free energy profile and applied voltage. The theory refers only to line densities of ions in the channel and, therefore, avoids ambiguities related to determining the surface area of the channel near its endpoints or other procedures connecting the line and bulk ion densities. We apply the theory to a simple, model system based on the trichotoxin channel. We test the assumptions of the electrodiffusion equation, and determine the precision and consistency of the calculated conductance. We demonstrate that it is possible to calculate current/voltage dependence and accurately reconstruct the underlying (equilibrium) free energy profile, all from molecular dynamics simulations at a single voltage. The approach developed here applies to other channels that satisfy the conditions of the electrodiffusion equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
KW  - ELECTRODIFFUSION
KW  - MOLECULAR models
KW  - ION channels
KW  - MOLECULAR self-assembly
KW  - PROTEINS
N1  - Accession Number: 100034712; Wilson, Michael A. 1,2; Email Address: Michael.A.Wilson@nasa.gov Nguyen, Thuy Hien 3 Pohorille, Andrew 1,2; Email Address: Andrew.Pohorille@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94132, USA  3: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University, Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA; Source Info: 12/14/2014, Vol. 141 Issue 22, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; Subject Term: ELECTRODIFFUSION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR models; Subject Term: ION channels; Subject Term: MOLECULAR self-assembly; Subject Term: PROTEINS; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4900879
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bundschuh, Jochen
AU  - Yusaf, Talal
AU  - Maity, Jyoti Prakash
AU  - Nelson, Emily
AU  - Mamat, Rizalman
AU  - Indra Mahlia, T.M.
T1  - Algae-biomass for fuel, electricity and agriculture.
JO  - Energy
JF  - Energy
Y1  - 2014/12/15/
VL  - 78
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 3
SN  - 03605442
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - FOSSIL fuels
KW  - ECONOMIC development
KW  - COST & standard of living
KW  - RENEWABLE energy sources
N1  - Accession Number: 99898186; Bundschuh, Jochen 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: jochen.bundschuh@usq.edu.au Yusaf, Talal 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: talal.yusaf@usq.edu.au Maity, Jyoti Prakash 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: jpmaity@gmail.com Nelson, Emily 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: emily.s.nelson@nasa.gov Mamat, Rizalman 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: rizalman@ump.edu.my Indra Mahlia, T.M. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7; Email Address: indra@uniten.edu.my; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Health, Engineering and Surveying and NCEA, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia  2: KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden  3: Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia  4: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan  5: Bio Science and Technology Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  6: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia  7: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Malaysia; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 78, p1; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: FOSSIL fuels; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; Subject Term: COST & standard of living; Subject Term: RENEWABLE energy sources; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Xiaolin
AU  - Mao, Mao
AU  - Berg, Matthew J.
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
T1  - Insight into wintertime aerosol characteristics over Beijing.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2014/12/15/Dec2014 Part A
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 71
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Aerosol particle pollution in northern China has crucial impact on regional and global climate. The monthly mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm in the northern China had its minimum in winter. Surface measurements of aerosol microphysical and optical properties over the Beijing urban area from December 3, 2011 to January 1, 2012 are presented here. The aim of this study was to evaluate wintertime aerosol characteristics, which were impacted by wind and relative humidity. The following mean values were observed: scattering coefficient (293±283 Mm −1 , 1 Mm −1 =10 −6 m −1 ), absorption coefficient (136±125 Mm −1 ), backscattering ratio (0.15±0.02), single scattering albedo (0.65±0.08), at 550 nm, and scattering Angstrom exponent (2.01±0.22), with mean relative humidity of (47±24)%. Wintertime values of scattering and absorption coefficients had wind dependence, showing that high values occurred with calm winds while the dilution effect of strong winds was obtained for wind speed larger than 4 m s −1 . Based on air mass backward trajectories, wintertime haze episodes in Beijing were induced by local-pollution emissions, whereas clear periods were dominated by air masses from clean, continental, northwestern areas. Our study indicates that the main challenge to improve wintertime air quality in Beijing is to control local emissions of particulate pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WINTER
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - BEIJING (China)
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - Beijing urban area
KW  - Haze episode
KW  - Microphysical and optical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 99536679; Zhang, Xiaolin 1,2,3 Mao, Mao 1; Email Address: mcszlx@gmail.com Berg, Matthew J. 3 Sun, Wenbo 4,5; Affiliation:  1: School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China  2: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China  3: Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA  4: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2014 Part A, Vol. 121, p63; Subject Term: WINTER; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: BEIJING (China); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beijing urban area; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze episode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microphysical and optical properties; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2014.09.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Li
AU  - Zhang, P.
AU  - Habibi, M.H.
AU  - Eldridge, Jeffrey I.
AU  - Guo, S.M.
T1  - Infrared radiative properties of plasma-sprayed strontium zirconate.
JO  - Materials Letters
JF  - Materials Letters
Y1  - 2014/12/15/
VL  - 137
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 8
SN  - 0167577X
AB  - The room temperature directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance spectra of free-standing atmospheric plasma sprayed SrZrO 3 coatings with different thicknesses were measured in the wavelength range of 0.8–6.0 µm, and the absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient as a function of wavelength were extracted and compared with conventional yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). Results showed that SrZrO 3 is a high scattering, low absorption, and semitransparent material in the wavelength range where turbine engine thermal radiation is most concentrated. The absorption coefficient is extremely low and the scattering coefficient decreases with the increase of wavelength, which is caused by the decrease of the relative size of the scattering center compared with the wavelength. In the measured wavelength range, the scattering coefficient of SrZrO 3 is higher than that of YSZ, which is beneficial for the TBC applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - STRONTIUM compounds
KW  - ZIRCONATES
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Plasma spray
KW  - SrZrO 3
KW  - TBCs
KW  - Thermal radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 99210792; Wang, Li 1 Zhang, P. 1,2 Habibi, M.H. 1 Eldridge, Jeffrey I. 3 Guo, S.M. 1; Email Address: sguo2@lsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA  2: School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, Jiangsu, PR China  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2014, Vol. 137, p5; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: STRONTIUM compounds; Subject Term: ZIRCONATES; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma spray; Author-Supplied Keyword: SrZrO 3; Author-Supplied Keyword: TBCs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal radiation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matlet.2014.08.106
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhao, Yang
AU  - Rozier, Kristin Yvonne
T1  - Formal specification and verification of a coordination protocol for an automated air traffic control system.
JO  - Science of Computer Programming
JF  - Science of Computer Programming
Y1  - 2014/12/17/Dec2014 Part 3
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 337
EP  - 353
SN  - 01676423
AB  - Safe separation between aircraft is the primary consideration in air traffic control. To achieve the required level of assurance for this safety-critical application, the Automated Airspace Concept (AAC) proposes three levels of conflict detection and resolution. Recently, a high-level operational concept was proposed to define the cooperation between components in the AAC. However, the proposed coordination protocol has not been formally studied. We use formal verification techniques to ensure there are no potentially catastrophic design flaws remaining in the AAC design before the next stage of production. We formalize the high-level operational concept, which was previously described only in natural language, in both NuSMV and CadenceSMV, and perform model validation by checking against temporal logic specifications in LTL and CTL that we derive from the system description. We write LTL specifications describing safe system operations and use model checking for system verification . We employ specification debugging to ensure correctness of both sets of formal specifications and model abstraction to reduce model checking time and enable fast, design-time checking. We analyze two counterexamples revealing unexpected emergent behaviors in the operational concept that triggered design changes by system engineers to meet safety standards. Our experience report illuminates the application of formal methods in real safety-critical system development by detailing a complete end-to-end design-time verification process including all models and specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science of Computer Programming is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - SYSTEMS engineering
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - DEBUGGING in computer science
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - Model checking
KW  - Model validation
KW  - Safety-critical system
KW  - Specification debugging
KW  - Temporal logic
N1  - Accession Number: 99063305; Zhao, Yang 1; Email Address: zhaoy@cs.ucr.edu Rozier, Kristin Yvonne 2; Email Address: Kristin.Y.Rozier@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Riverside, CA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2014 Part 3, Vol. 96, p337; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: SYSTEMS engineering; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: DEBUGGING in computer science; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model checking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety-critical system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Specification debugging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temporal logic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scico.2014.04.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taiuk Rim
AU  - Chang-Ki Baek
AU  - M Meyyappan
T1  - Optimized operation of silicon nanowire field effect transistor sensors.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2014/12/19/
VL  - 25
IS  - 50
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - Ion-sensitive field effect transistors have been advanced in recent years by utilizing silicon nanowires (Si-NWs), but establishing their optimized operation regime is an area of ongoing research. We propose a modified configuration of SiNWs in the form of a honeycomb structure to obtain high signal to noise ratio and high current stability. The low-frequency noise characteristics and the electrical stress are systematically considered for the optimization and compared against conventional SiNW devices. The operation voltage of the device severely affects the sensing stability; as the gate voltage is increased, the signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced, however, the stress effect becomes severe, and vice versa. The honeycomb nanowire structure shows enhanced noise characteristics in low voltage operation, proving to be an optimum solution for achieving highly stable sensor operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSISTORS
KW  - HONEYCOMB structures
KW  - SILICON
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - NOISE
KW  - DETECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 99695742; Taiuk Rim 1 Chang-Ki Baek 1; Email Address: baekck@postech.ac.kr M Meyyappan 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Lab., Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790784, Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 12/19/2014, Vol. 25 Issue 50, p1; Subject Term: TRANSISTORS; Subject Term: HONEYCOMB structures; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: NOISE; Subject Term: DETECTORS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/25/50/505501
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LANE, MELISSA D.
AU  - BISHOP, JANICE L.
AU  - DYAR, M. DARBY
AU  - TAKAHIRO HIROI
AU  - MERTZMAN, STANLEY A.
AU  - BISH, DAVID L.
AU  - KING, PENELOPE L.
AU  - ROGERS, A. DEANNE
T1  - Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy of Fe-sulfate minerals.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 100
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 66
EP  - 82
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - Sulfate minerals are important indicators for aqueous geochemical environments. The geology and mineralogy of Mars have been studied through the use of various remote-sensing techniques, including thermal (mid-infrared) emission and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectroscopies. Spectral analyses of spacecraft data (from orbital and landed missions) using these techniques have indicated the presence of sulfate minerals on Mars, including Fe-rich sulfates on the iron-rich planet. Each individual Fe-sulfate mineral can be used to constrain bulk chemistry and lends more information about the specific formational environment [e.g., Fe2+ sulfates are typically more water soluble than Fe3+ sulfates and their presence would imply a water-limited (and lower Eh) environment; Fe3+ sulfates form over a range of hydration levels and indicate further oxidation (biological or abiological) and increased acidification]. To enable better interpretation of past and future terrestrial or planetary data sets, with respect to the Fe-sulfates, we present a comprehensive collection of mid-infrared thermal emission (2000 to 220 cm-1; 5-45 µm) and visible/near-infrared (0.35-5 µm) spectra of 21 different ferrous- and ferric-iron sulfate minerals. Mid-infrared vibrational modes (for SO4, OH, H2O) are assigned to each thermal emissivity spectrum, and the electronic excitation and transfer bands and vibrational OH, H2O, and SO4 overtone and combination bands are assigned to the visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra. Presentation and characterization of these Fe-sulfate thermal emission and visible/near-infrared reflectance spectra will enable the specific chemical environments to be determined when individual Fe-sulfate minerals are identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - EMISSION spectroscopy
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - IRON sulfates
KW  - MINERALS
KW  - emission
KW  - emissivity
KW  - iron
KW  - Mid-infrared
KW  - near-infrared
KW  - reflectance
KW  - reflectivity
KW  - spectra
KW  - spectroscopy
KW  - sulfate
KW  - vibrational
KW  - visible
N1  - Accession Number: 100326587; LANE, MELISSA D. 1; Email Address: lane@psi.edu BISHOP, JANICE L. 2 DYAR, M. DARBY 3 TAKAHIRO HIROI 4 MERTZMAN, STANLEY A. 5 BISH, DAVID L. 6 KING, PENELOPE L. 7,8 ROGERS, A. DEANNE 9; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, Arizona 85719, U.S.A.  2: SETI Institute/NASA-Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94043, U.S.A.  3: Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Massachusetts 01075, U.S.A.  4: Department of Geological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, U.S.A.  5: Department of Earth and Environment, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania 17603, U.S.A.  6: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, U.S.A.  7: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia  8: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada  9: Department of Geosciences, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11790, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 100 Issue 1, p66; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: EMISSION spectroscopy; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: IRON sulfates; Subject Term: MINERALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: emissivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mid-infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: near-infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflectance; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: sulfate; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibrational; Author-Supplied Keyword: visible; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418920 Mineral, ore and precious metal merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423520 Coal and Other Mineral and Ore Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327999 All Other Miscellaneous Nonmetallic Mineral Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2138/am-2015-4762
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100326587&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, J. R.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Oo, M.
AU  - Holz, R. E.
AU  - Lewis, J. R.
AU  - Welton, E. J.
T1  - Distinguishing cirrus cloud presence in autonomous lidar measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 449
SN  - 18671381
AB  - 2012 Level-2 Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) satellite-based cloud data sets are investigated for thresholds that distinguish the presence of cirrus clouds in autonomous lidar measurements, based on temperatures, heights, optical depth and phase. A thermal threshold, proposed by Sassen and Campbell (2001) for cloud top temperature Ttop ≤-37°C, is evaluated versus CALIOP algorithms that identify ice-phase cloud layers using polarized backscatter measurements. Derived global mean cloud top heights (11.15 vs. 10.07 km above mean sea level; a.m.s.l.), base heights (8.76 km a.m.s.l. vs. 7.95 km a.m.s.l.), temperatures (-58.48 °C vs. -52.18 °C and -42.40 °C vs. -38.13 °C, respectively, for tops and bases) and optical depths (1.18 vs. 1.23) refiect the sensitivity to this constraint. Over 99 % of all Ttop ≤-37 °C clouds are classified as ice by CALIOP Level-2 algorithms. Over 81 % of all ice clouds correspond with Ttop ≤-37 °C. For instruments lacking polarized measurements, and thus practical estimates of phase, Ttop ≤-37 °C provides sufficient justification for distinguishing cirrus, as opposed to the risks of glaciated liquid-water cloud contamination occurring in a given sample from clouds identified at relatively "warm" (Ttop ≤-37 °C) temperatures. Although accounting for un-certainties in temperatures collocated with lidar data (i.e., model reanalyses/sondes) may justifiably relax the threshold to include warmer cases, the ambiguity of "warm" ice clouds cannot be fully reconciled with available measurements, conspicuously including phase. Cloud top heights and optical depths are investigated, and global distributions and frequencies derived, as functions of CALIOP-retrieved phase. These data provide little additional information, compared with temperature alone, and may exacerbate classification uncertainties overall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ALGORITHMS
N1  - Accession Number: 100827572; Campbell, J. R. 1 Vaughan, M. A. 2 Oo, M. 3 Holz, R. E. 3 Lewis, J. R. 4; Email Address: james.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil Welton, E. J. 5; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey, California, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  3: Space Sciences and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA  4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA  5: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p435; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-435-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100827572&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Volkamer, R.
AU  - Baidar, S.
AU  - Campos, T. L.
AU  - Coburn, S.
AU  - DiGangi, J. P.
AU  - Dix, B.
AU  - Koenig, T. K.
AU  - Ortega, I.
AU  - Pierce, B. R.
AU  - Reeves, M.
AU  - Sinreich, R.
AU  - Wang, S.
AU  - Zondlo, M. A.
AU  - Romashkin, P. A.
T1  - Aircraft measurements of bromine monoxide, iodine monoxide, and glyoxal profiles in the tropics: comparison with ship-based and in situ measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 687
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Tropospheric chemistry of halogens and organic carbon over tropical oceans modifies ozone and atmospheric aerosols, yet atmospheric models remain largely untested for lack of vertically resolved measurements of bromine monoxide (BrO), iodine monoxide (IO), and small oxygenated hydrocarbons like glyoxal (CHOCHO) in the tropical troposphere. BrO, IO, glyoxal, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), water vapor (H2O) and O2-O2 collision complexes (O4) were measured by the CU Airborne Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU AMAX-DOAS) instrument, in situ aerosol size distributions by an Ultra High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS), and in situ H2O by Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser hygrometer (VCSEL). Data are presented from two research flights (RF12, RF17) aboard the NSF/NCAR GV aircraft over the tropical Eastern Pacific Ocean (tEPO) as part of the "Tropical Ocean tRoposphere Exchange of Reactive halogens and Oxygenated hydrocarbons" (TORERO) project. We assess the accuracy of O4 slant column density (SCD) measurements in the presence and absence of aerosols, and find O4-inferred aerosol extinction profiles at 477 nm agree within 5% with Mie calculations of extinction profiles constrained by UHSAS. CU AMAX-DOAS provides a flexible choice of geometry which we exploit to minimize the SCD in the reference spectrum (SCDREF, maximize signal-to-noise), and to test the robustness of BrO, IO, and glyoxal differential SCDs. The RF12 case study was conducted in pristine marine and free tropospheric air. The RF17 case study was conducted above the NOAA RV Ka'imimoana (TORERO cruise, KA-12-01), and provides independent validation data from ship-based in situ Cavity Enhanced- and MAX-DOAS. Inside the marine boundary layer (MBL) no BrO was detected (smaller than 0.5 pptv), and 0.2-0.55 pptv IO and 32-36 pptv glyoxal were observed. The near surface con centrations agree within 20% (IO) and 10% (glyoxal) between ship and aircraft. The BrO concentration strongly increased with altitude to 3.0 pptv at 14.5 km (RF12, 9.1 to 8.6° N; 101.2 to 97.4° W). At 14.5km 5-10 pptv NO2 agree with model predictions, and demonstrate good control over separating tropospheric from stratospheric absorbers, (NO2 and BrO). Our profile retrievals have 12-20 degrees of freedom (DoF), and up to 500m vertical resolution. The tropospheric BrO VCD was 1.5x1013 moleccm-2 (RF12), and at least 0.5x1013 moleccm-2 (RF17, 0-10 km, lower limit). Tropospheric IO VCDs correspond to 2.1x1012 moleccm-2 (RF12) and 2.5x1012 moleccm-2 (RF17), and glyoxal VCDs of 2.6_1014 moleccm-2 (RF12) and 2.7x1014 moleccm-2 5 (RF17). Surprisingly, essentially all BrO, and the dominant IO and glyoxal VCD fraction was located above 2km (IO: 58±5%, 0.1-0.2 pptv; glyoxal: 52±5%, 3-20 pptv). To our knowledge there are no previous vertically resolved measurements of BrO and glyoxal from aircraft in the tropical free troposphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - GLYOXAL
KW  - BROMINE
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - QUASIMOLECULES
KW  - SURFACE emitting lasers
KW  - TROPICS
N1  - Accession Number: 100827163; Volkamer, R. 1,2; Email Address: rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu Baidar, S. 1,2 Campos, T. L. 3 Coburn, S. 1,2 DiGangi, J. P. 4 Dix, B. 1 Koenig, T. K. 1,2,5 Ortega, I. 1,2 Pierce, B. R. 6 Reeves, M. 7 Sinreich, R. 1 Wang, S. 1,2,8 Zondlo, M. A. 4 Romashkin, P. A. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Atmospheric Chemistry Division (ACD), Boulder, CO, USA  4: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  6: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), The National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), Madison, WI, USA  7: National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), Research Aviation Facility (RAF), Broomfield, CO, USA  8: Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p623; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: GLYOXAL; Subject Term: BROMINE; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: QUASIMOLECULES; Subject Term: SURFACE emitting lasers; Subject Term: TROPICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 65p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-8-623-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100827163&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghorbani Moghaddam, M.
AU  - Achuthan, A.
AU  - Bednarcyk, B.A.
AU  - Arnold, S.M.
AU  - Pineda, E.J.
T1  - A multi-scale computational model using Generalized Method of Cells (GMC) homogenization for multi-phase single crystal metals.
JO  - Computational Materials Science
JF  - Computational Materials Science
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan2015 Part A
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 55
SN  - 09270256
AB  - A multi-scale computational model for determining the elastic–plastic behavior of a multi-phase metal is developed on a finite element analysis (FEA) framework. A single crystal plasticity constitutive model that can capture the shear deformation and the associated stress field on the slip planes is employed at the microstructural (grain) length scale. The Generalized Method of Cells (GMC) micromechanics model is used for homogenizing the local field quantities. At first, the ability of GMC for homogenization is evaluated by analyzing simple problems using GMC as a stand-alone tool. A repeating unit cell (RUC) of a two-phase CMSX-4 Ni-based superalloy with 72.9% volume fraction of γ ′ inclusion in the γ matrix phase is used for the evaluation. The evaluation is performed by comparing the results with those predicted by a FEA model incorporating the same crystal plasticity constitutive model. The average global stress–strain behavior predicted by GMC demonstrated excellent agreement with FEA. The agreement between the local distribution of the field quantities predicted by GMC and FEA was satisfactory, especially when considering the substantial savings in the computational cost due to homogenization. Finally, the capability of the developed multi-scale model, linking FEA and GMC, to solve real life sized structures is demonstrated by analyzing an engine disk component and determining the microstructural scale details of the field quantities of the two-phase CMSX-4 Ni-based superalloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Materials Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENERALIZED method of moments
KW  - HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - DEFORMATION of surfaces
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - Crystal plasticity constitutive model
KW  - Generalized Method of Cells Homogenization
KW  - Multi-phase metals
KW  - Multi-scale computational model
KW  - Ni-based super alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 99281575; Ghorbani Moghaddam, M. 1 Achuthan, A. 1; Email Address: aachutha@clarkson.edu Bednarcyk, B.A. 2 Arnold, S.M. 2 Pineda, E.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jan2015 Part A, Vol. 96, p44; Subject Term: GENERALIZED method of moments; Subject Term: HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: DEFORMATION of surfaces; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal plasticity constitutive model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Generalized Method of Cells Homogenization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-phase metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-scale computational model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni-based super alloys; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.commatsci.2014.08.045
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99281575&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Michael C.
AU  - T'ien, James S.
AU  - Muff, Derek E.
AU  - Zhao, Xiaoyang
AU  - Olson, Sandra L.
AU  - Ferkul, Paul V.
T1  - Self induced buoyant blow off in upward flame spread on thin solid fuels.
JO  - Fire Safety Journal
JF  - Fire Safety Journal
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 71
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 286
SN  - 03797112
AB  - Upward flame spread experiments were conducted on long thin composite fabric fuels made of 75% cotton and 25% fiberglass of various widths between 2 and 8.8 cm and lengths greater than 1.5 m. Symmetric ignition at the bottom edge of the fuel resulted in two sided upward flame growth initially. As flame grew to a critical length (15–30 cm depending on sample width) fluctuation or instability of the flame base was observed. For samples 5 cm or less in width, this instability lead to flame blow off on one side of the sample (can be either side in repeated tests). The remaining flame on the other side would quickly shrink in length and spread all the way to the end of the sample with a constant limiting length and steady spread rate. Flame blow off from the increased buoyancy induced air velocity (at the flame base) with increasing flame length is proposed as the mechanism for this interesting phenomenon. Experimental details and the proposed explanation, including sample width effect, are offered in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAME spread
KW  - THIN films
KW  - SOLID fuel reactors
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - GLASS fibers
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - Buoyant blow off
KW  - Flame spread
KW  - Material flammability limits
KW  - One-sided extinction
KW  - SIBAL fuel
KW  - Upward burning limit
N1  - Accession Number: 108296359; Johnston, Michael C. 1; Email Address: michael.c.johnston@case.edu T'ien, James S. 1 Muff, Derek E. 1 Zhao, Xiaoyang 1 Olson, Sandra L. 2 Ferkul, Paul V. 3; Affiliation:  1: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 71, p279; Subject Term: FLAME spread; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: SOLID fuel reactors; Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: GLASS fibers; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Buoyant blow off; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame spread; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material flammability limits; Author-Supplied Keyword: One-sided extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: SIBAL fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upward burning limit; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326193 Motor vehicle plastic parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327993 Mineral Wool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.firesaf.2014.11.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108296359&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bañuelos, Gary S.
AU  - Arroyo, Irvin
AU  - Pickering, Ingrid J.
AU  - Yang, Soo In
AU  - Freeman, John L.
T1  - Selenium biofortification of broccoli and carrots grown in soil amended with Se-enriched hyperaccumulator Stanleya pinnata.
JO  - Food Chemistry
JF  - Food Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 166
M3  - Article
SP  - 603
EP  - 608
SN  - 03088146
AB  - Amending soils with Se-hyperaccumulator plant derived sources of selenium (Se) may be useful for increasing the Se content in food crops in Se-deficient regions of the world. In this study we evaluated total Se and the different chemical species of Se in broccoli and carrots grown in soils amended with ground shoots of the Se-hyperaccumulator Stanleyapinnata. With increasing application rates of S. pinnata, total plant Se concentrations increased to nutritionally ideal levels inside edible parts. Selenium compounds in aqueous extracts were analyzed by SAX-HPLC-ICPMS and identified as a variety of mainly organic-Se forms. Together with bulk Se K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) analysis performed on broccoli florets, carrot roots and shoots, dried ground S. pinnata, and the amended soil at post-plant, we demonstrate that Se-enriched S. pinnata is valuable as a soil amendment for enriching broccoli and carrots with healthful forms of organic-Se. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Food Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARROTS -- Composition
KW  - BIOFORTIFICATION
KW  - BROCCOLI
KW  - SOIL amendments
KW  - HYPERACCUMULATOR plants
KW  - X-ray absorption
KW  - Biofortification
KW  - Selenium
KW  - Stanleya pinnata
N1  - Accession Number: 97223434; Bañuelos, Gary S. 1; Email Address: gary.banuelos@ars.usda.gov Arroyo, Irvin 1 Pickering, Ingrid J. 2 Yang, Soo In 2 Freeman, John L. 3,4; Email Address: john.l.freeman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada  3: Department of Biology, California State University Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740, USA  4: Intrinsyx Technologies Corporation, Space Bio-Sciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 166, p603; Subject Term: CARROTS -- Composition; Subject Term: BIOFORTIFICATION; Subject Term: BROCCOLI; Subject Term: SOIL amendments; Subject Term: HYPERACCUMULATOR plants; Subject Term: X-ray absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofortification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Selenium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stanleya pinnata; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111219 Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.071
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=97223434&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Petryshyn, V. A.
AU  - Lim, D.
AU  - Laval, B. L.
AU  - Brady, A.
AU  - Slater, G.
AU  - Tripati, A. K.
T1  - Reconstruction of limnology and microbialite formation conditions from carbonate clumped isotope thermometry.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 13
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 67
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Quantitative tools for deciphering the environment of microbialite formation are relatively limited. For example, the oxygen isotope carbonate-water geothermometer requires assumptions about the isotopic composition of the water of formation. We explored the utility of using 'clumped' isotope thermometry as a tool to study the temperatures of microbialite formation. We studied microbialites recovered from water depths of 10-55 m in Pavilion Lake, and 10-25 m in Kelly Lake, spanning the thermocline in both lakes. We determined the temperature of carbonate growth and the 18O/16O ratio of the waters that microbialites grew in. Results were then compared to current limnological data from the lakes to reconstruct the history of microbialite formation. Modern microbialites collected at shallow depths (11.7 m) in both lakes yield clumped isotope-based temperatures of formation that are within error of summer water temperatures, suggesting that clumped isotope analyses may be used to reconstruct past climates and to probe the environments in which microbialites formed. The deepest microbialites (21.7-55 m) were recovered from below the present-day thermoclines in both lakes and yield radioisotope ages indicating they primarily formed earlier in the Holocene. During this time, pollen data and our reconstructed water 18O/16O ratios indicate a period of aridity, with lower lake levels. At present, there is a close association between both photosynthetic and heterotrophic communities, and carbonate precipitation/microbialite formation, with biosignatures of photosynthetic influences on carbonate detected in microbialites from the photic zone and above the thermocline (i.e., depths of generally <20 m). Given the deeper microbialites are receiving <1% of photosynthetically active radiation ( PAR), it is likely these microbialites primarily formed when lower lake levels resulted in microbialites being located higher in the photic zone, in warm surface waters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIMNOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CARBONATES
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - GEOTHERMOMETERS
KW  - WATER temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 100012149; Petryshyn, V. A. 1 Lim, D. 2 Laval, B. L. 3 Brady, A. 4 Slater, G. 4 Tripati, A. K. 1,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences, University of California  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA-Ames Research Center  3: Department of Civil Engineering, University of British Colombia  4: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University  5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute for the Environment and Sustainability Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: LIMNOLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CARBONATES; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: GEOTHERMOMETERS; Subject Term: WATER temperature; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12121
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100012149&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Graham, Thomas
AU  - Scorza, Ralph
AU  - Wheeler, Raymond
AU  - Smith, Brenda
AU  - Dardick, Chris
AU  - Dixit, Anirudha
AU  - Raines, Doug
AU  - Callahan, Ann
AU  - Srinivasan, Chinnathambi
AU  - Spencer, Lashelle
AU  - Richards, Jeffrey
AU  - Stutte, Gary
T1  - Over-Expression of FT1 in Plum (Prunus domestica) Results in Phenotypes Compatible with Spaceflight: A Potential New Candidate Crop for Bioregenerative Life Support Systems.
JO  - Gravitational & Space Biology
JF  - Gravitational & Space Biology
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 3
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 50
SN  - 1089988X
AB  - Tree fruits (e.g., apples, plums, cherries) are appealing constituents of a crew menu for longduration exploration missions (i.e., Mars), both in terms of their nutritive and menu diversity contributions. Although appealing, tree fruit species have long been precluded as candidate crops for use in plant-based bioregenerative life support system designs based on their large crown architecture, prolonged juvenile phase, and phenological constraints. Recent advances by researchers at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) have led to the development of plum (Prunus domestica) trees ectopically over-expressing the Flowering Locus T-1 (FT1) gene from Populus trichocarpa (poplar). The transformed plants exhibit atypical phenotypes that seemingly eliminate the aforementioned obstacles to spaceflight. Here we demonstrate the FT1 expression system (FasTrack) and the resultant dwarf growth habits, early flowering, and continuous fruit production. The potential contribution of P. domestica as a countermeasure to microgravity-induced bone loss is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Gravitational & Space Biology is the property of American Society for Gravitational & Space Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OVEREXPRESSION (Genetics)
KW  - PLUM
KW  - PHENOTYPE
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - LIFE support systems (Space environment)
KW  - BIOCOMPATIBILITY
KW  - Altered Dormancy Requirements
KW  - Bone Loss Countermeasure
KW  - Continuous Fruit Production
KW  - Early Flowering
KW  - Modified Crown Architecture
N1  - Accession Number: 108685202; Graham, Thomas 1; Email Address: tgraham@uoguelph.ca Scorza, Ralph 2 Wheeler, Raymond 1 Smith, Brenda 3 Dardick, Chris 2 Dixit, Anirudha 1 Raines, Doug 2 Callahan, Ann 2 Srinivasan, Chinnathambi 2 Spencer, Lashelle 1 Richards, Jeffrey 1 Stutte, Gary 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL  2: United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agriculture Research Service (ARS), Kearneysville, WV  3: Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 3 Issue 1, p39; Subject Term: OVEREXPRESSION (Genetics); Subject Term: PLUM; Subject Term: PHENOTYPE; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: LIFE support systems (Space environment); Subject Term: BIOCOMPATIBILITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Altered Dormancy Requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone Loss Countermeasure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Continuous Fruit Production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Early Flowering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modified Crown Architecture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111330 Non-citrus fruit and tree nut farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111339 Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413150 Fresh fruit and vegetable merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Janakiraman, Vijay Manikandan
AU  - Nguyen, XuanLong
AU  - Sterniak, Jeff
AU  - Assanis, Dennis
T1  - Identification of the Dynamic Operating Envelope of HCCI Engines Using Class Imbalance Learning.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks & Learning Systems
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks & Learning Systems
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 26
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 98
EP  - 112
SN  - 2162237X
AB  - Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) is a futuristic automotive engine technology that can significantly improve fuel economy and reduce emissions. HCCI engine operation is constrained by combustion instabilities, such as knock, ringing, misfires, high-variability combustion, and so on, and it becomes important to identify the operating envelope defined by these constraints for use in engine diagnostics and controller design. HCCI combustion is dominated by complex nonlinear dynamics, and a first-principle-based dynamic modeling of the operating envelope becomes intractable. In this paper, a machine learning approach is presented to identify the stable operating envelope of HCCI combustion, by learning directly from the experimental data. Stability is defined using thresholds on combustion features obtained from engine in-cylinder pressure measurements. This paper considers instabilities arising from engine misfire and high-variability combustion. A gasoline HCCI engine is used for generating stable and unstable data observations. Owing to an imbalance in class proportions in the data set, the models are developed both based on resampling the data set (by undersampling and oversampling) and based on a cost-sensitive learning method (by overweighting the minority class relative to the majority class observations). Support vector machines (SVMs) and recently developed extreme learning machines (ELM) are utilized for developing dynamic classifiers. The results compared against linear classification methods show that cost-sensitive nonlinear ELM and SVM classification algorithms are well suited for the problem. However, the SVM envelope model requires about 80% more parameters for an accuracy improvement of 3% compared with the ELM envelope model indicating that ELM models may be computationally suitable for the engine application. The proposed modeling approach shows that HCCI engine misfires and high-variability combustion can be predicted ahead of time, given the present values of available sensor measurements, making the models suitable for engine diagnostics and control applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks & Learning Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMOBILE engines -- Computer control systems
KW  - SUPPORT vector machines
KW  - SYSTEM identification
KW  - DIESEL motors
KW  - MOTOR vehicles -- Pollution control devices
KW  - Class imbalance learning
KW  - Combustion
KW  - Data models
KW  - dynamic classification
KW  - engine control
KW  - engine diagnostics
KW  - extreme learning machine
KW  - Fuels
KW  - homogeneous charge compression ignition
KW  - Internal combustion engines
KW  - misfire prediction
KW  - operating envelope model
KW  - Predictive models
KW  - support vector machine
KW  - Support vector machines
KW  - system identification
N1  - Accession Number: 100055393; Janakiraman, Vijay Manikandan 1 Nguyen, XuanLong 2 Sterniak, Jeff 3 Assanis, Dennis 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, UARC, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA  3: , Robert Bosch LLC, Farmington Hills, MI, USA  4: , Stony Brook University, NY, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 26 Issue 1, p98; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE engines -- Computer control systems; Subject Term: SUPPORT vector machines; Subject Term: SYSTEM identification; Subject Term: DIESEL motors; Subject Term: MOTOR vehicles -- Pollution control devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Class imbalance learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: engine control; Author-Supplied Keyword: engine diagnostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: extreme learning machine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: homogeneous charge compression ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Internal combustion engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: misfire prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: operating envelope model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictive models; Author-Supplied Keyword: support vector machine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Support vector machines; Author-Supplied Keyword: system identification; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNNLS.2014.2311466
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100055393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiachío, J.
AU  - Chiachío, M.
AU  - Saxena, A.
AU  - Sankararaman, S.
AU  - Rus, G.
AU  - Goebel, K.
T1  - Bayesian model selection and parameter estimation for fatigue damage progression models in composites.
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 70
M3  - Article
SP  - 361
EP  - 373
SN  - 01421123
AB  - A Bayesian approach is presented for selecting the most probable model class among a set of damage mechanics models for fatigue damage progression in composites. Candidate models, that are first parameterized through a Global Sensitivity Analysis, are ranked based on estimated probabilities that measure the extent of agreement of their predictions with observed data. A case study is presented using multi-scale fatigue damage data from a cross-ply carbon–epoxy laminate. The results show that, for this case, the most probable model class among the competing candidates is the one that involves the simplest damage mechanics. The principle of Ockham’s razor seems to hold true for the composite materials investigated here since the data-fit of more complex models is penalized, as they extract more information from the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Fracture
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - Bayesian methods
KW  - Composites
KW  - Damage mechanics
KW  - Fatigue
N1  - Accession Number: 99511647; Chiachío, J. 1; Email Address: jchiachio@ugr.es Chiachío, M. 1 Saxena, A. 2 Sankararaman, S. 2 Rus, G. 1 Goebel, K. 3; Affiliation:  1: Dept. Structural Mechanics and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain  2: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 70, p361; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Fracture; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2014.08.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99511647&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grauer, Jared A.
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
T1  - Generic Global Aerodynamic Model for Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 20
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Multivariate-orthogonal-function modeling was applied to wind-tunnel databases for eight different aircraft to identify a generic global aerodynamic model structure that could be used for any of the aircraft. For each aircraft database and each nondimensional aerodynamic coefficient, global models were identified from multivariate polynomials in the nondimensional states and controls, using an orthogonalization procedure. A predicted-square-error criterion was used to automatically select the model terms. Modeling terms selected in at least half of the analyses, which totaled 45 terms, were retained to form the generic global aerodynamic model structure. Least squares was used to estimate the model parameters and associated uncertainty that best fit the generic global aerodynamic model structure to each database. The result was a single generic aerodynamic model structure that could be used to accurately characterize the global aerodynamics for any of the eight aircraft, simply by changing the values of the model parameters. Nonlinear flight simulations were used to demonstrate that the generic global aerodynamic model accurately reproduces trim solutions, local dynamic behavior, and global dynamic behavior under large-amplitude excitation. This compact global aerodynamic model can decrease flight-computer memory requirements for implementing onboard fault detection or flight control systems, enable quick changes for conceptual aircraft models, and provide smooth analytical functional representations of the global aerodynamics for control and optimization applications. All information required to construct global aerodynamic models for nonlinear simulations of the eight aircraft is provided in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - AIR speed
KW  - AILERONS
N1  - Accession Number: 101324689; Grauer, Jared A. 1 Morelli, Eugene A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p13; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: AIR speed; Subject Term: AILERONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032888
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101324689&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wei Liao
AU  - Malik, Mujeeb R.
AU  - Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
AU  - Buning, Pieter G.
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
T1  - Boundary-Layer Stability Analysis of the Mean Flows Obtained Using Unstructured Grids.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 63
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Boundary-layer stability analyses of mean flows extracted from unstructured-grid Navier-Stokes solutions have been performed. A procedure has been developed to extract mean flow profiles from the FUN3D unstructured-grid solutions for the purpose of stability analysis. Extensive code-to-code validations were performed by comparing the extracted mean flows as well as the corresponding stability characteristics to the predictions based on structured-grid mean flow solutions. Comparisons were made for a set of progressively complex geometric configurations ranging from a simple flat plate to a full aircraft configuration: a modified Gulfstream III with a natural laminar-flow glove. The results for the swept wing flow over the wing-glove assembly point to the need for stability analysis based on Navier-Stokes solutions or possibly fully three-dimensional boundary-layer codes when the underlying flow develops strong three-dimensionality. The effect of grid resolution, mean flow convergence, and low-order interpolation to a stability grid on metrics relevant to linear stability of the boundary-layer flow are also examined to provide guidelines for the use of both structured and unstructured grids in practical applications related to transition prediction for swept wing boundary layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AEROFOILS -- Research
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 101324693; Wei Liao 1,2; Email Address: wei.liao@corvidtec.com Malik, Mujeeb R. 2; Email Address: m.r.malik@nasa.gov Lee-Rausch, Elizabeth M. 2; Email Address: e.lee-rausch@nasa.gov Fei Li 2; Email Address: fei.li@nasa.gov Nielsen, Eric J. 2; Email Address: eric.j.nielsen@nasa.gov Buning, Pieter G. 2; Email Address: pieter.g.buning@nasa.gov Choudhari, Meelan 2; Email Address: m.m.choudhari@nasa.gov Chau-Lyan Chang 2; Email Address: chaulyan.chang@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p49; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROFOILS -- Research; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032583
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101324693&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Acosta, Diana M.
AU  - Yildiz, Yildiray
AU  - Craun, Robert W.
AU  - Beard, Steven D.
AU  - Leonard, Michael W.
AU  - Hardy, Gordon H.
AU  - Weinstein, Michael
T1  - Piloted Evaluation of a Control Allocation Technique to Recover from Pilot-Induced Oscillations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 130
EP  - 140
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes the maturation of a control allocation technique designed to assist pilots in recovery from pilot-induced oscillations. The control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations is designed to enable next-generation high-efficiency aircraft designs. Energy-efficient next-generation aircraft require feedback control strategies that will enable lowering the actuator rate limit requirements for optimal airframe design. A common issue on aircraft with actuator rate limitations is they are susceptible to pilot-induced oscillations caused by the phase lag between the pilot inputs and control surface response. The control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations uses real-time optimization for control allocation to eliminate phase lag in the system caused by control surface rate limiting. System impacts of the control allocator were assessed through a piloted simulation evaluation of a nonlinear aircraft model in the NASA Ames Research Center's Vertical Motion Simulator. Results indicate that the control allocation technique to recover from pilot-induced oscillations helps reduce oscillatory behavior introduced by control surface rate limiting, including the pilot-induced oscillation tendencies reported by pilots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ACTUATORS -- Research
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - VERTICAL motion
N1  - Accession Number: 101324699; Acosta, Diana M. 1 Yildiz, Yildiray 2 Craun, Robert W. 3 Beard, Steven D. 1 Leonard, Michael W. 4 Hardy, Gordon H. 4 Weinstein, Michael 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: University Affiliated Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Mission Critical Technologies, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Science Applications International Corporation, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p130; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ACTUATORS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: VERTICAL motion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032576
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101324699&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Johnson, Wayne
T1  - Prediction of Maximum Lift Capability of Helicopter Rotors.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 257
EP  - 265
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Maximum rotor lift capability is investigated using wind-tunnel test data of McHugh (modified 1/10-scale CH-47B rotor) and a full-scale UH-60A rotor. Rotor performance calculations with the comprehensive rotorcraft analysis CAMRAD n are compared with the wind-tunnel test data. The analysis of the McHugh rotor with the Reynolds-number-corrected airfoil table shows good correlation with the measurements for µ = 0.1 to 0.5 and is able to predict the maximum rotor lift reasonably well, especially at 0.2 ≤ µ 0.4. The analysis is also able to predict the maximum lift of the full-scale UH-60A rotor within about 3.5% at µ = 0.24 and 0.3. Calculations with dynamic stall models, in general, show only a small influence on the rotor performance and are not necessary to predict maximum lift. Airfoils have an important role in defining the maximum lift capability of the rotor. The VR-12 airfoil, which has stall characteristics superior to the baseline V23010 airfoil, substantially improves the maximum lift capability of the McHugh rotor, showing the potential to improve the behavior of a rotor by improving the airfoil's static stall characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LIFT (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 101324710; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1; Email Address: hyeonsoo.yeo.civ@mail.mil Johnson, Wayne 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p257; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LIFT (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032693
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101324710&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Clifford A.
AU  - Clem, Michelle M.
AU  - Fagan, Amy F.
T1  - Investigation of Broadband Shock Noise from a Jet Near a Planar Surface.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 266
EP  - 273
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Many current and future aircraft designs rely on the wing or other aircraft surfaces to shield observers on the ground from the engine noise. However, the available data showing how surfaces interact with a jet to shield and/or enhance the jet noise are currently limited. Therefore, far-field noise data and background-oriented schlieren images were acquired for a round jet, operating in the overexpanded, ideally expanded, and underexpanded supersonic flow regimes, near a planar surface to investigate how airframe surfaces might affect the shock-cell structure in the jet plume and the broadband shock noise produced. These data show that broadband shock noise is produced by the relatively weak shocks far downstream of the nozzle exit; consequently, a surface will be effective at reducing broadband shock noise only if it is long enough to shield the noise produced by shocks. Furthermore, the presence of a surface very near the edge of an underexpanded jet increases the shock-cell spacing, pushing the shock cells farther downstream. Conversely, the surface has a minimal affect on the shock cells in an overexpanded jet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research
KW  - AEROFOILS -- Research
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - JET planes -- Noise
N1  - Accession Number: 101324711; Brown, Clifford A. 1 Clem, Michelle M. 1 Fagan, Amy F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p266; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction -- Research; Subject Term: AEROFOILS -- Research; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: JET planes -- Noise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032695
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101324711&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
AU  - Toro, Kenneth G.
AU  - Landman, Drew
T1  - Development of the In Situ Load System for Internal Wind-Tunnel Balances.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 295
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Results from the Facility Analysis Verification and Operational Reliability project revealed a critical gap in capability in ground-based aeronautics-research applications. Without a standardized process for check loading the wind-tunnel balance or the model system, the quality of the aerodynamic force data collected varied significantly between facilities. The In Situ Load System was developed to provide a standard for facilities in the check-loading process. The system includes both the hardware and a statistically rigorous process that facilitates the ability for the user to make defendable decisions on the performance of the system. The compactness and simplicity of the system reduce customer costs unrelated to achieving the research objectives, while simultaneously improving the knowledge about the accuracy of the test data collected. While the focus is on the check-load process, the hardware and methods are also applicable to the in situ calibration of a balance or wind-tunnel model system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 101324713; Commo, Sean A. 1 Lynn, Keith C. 1 Toro, Kenneth G. 2 Landman, Drew 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p287; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032691
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101324713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Lukashin, Constantine
AU  - Baize, Rosemary R.
AU  - Goldin, Daniel
T1  - Modeling polarized solar radiation for CLARREO inter-calibration applications: Validation with PARASOL data.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 150
M3  - Article
SP  - 121
EP  - 133
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) is a high-priority NASA Decadal Survey mission recommended by the National Research Council in 2007. The CLARREO objectives are to conduct highly accurate decadal climate-change observations and to provide an on-orbit inter-calibration standard for relevant Earth observing sensors. The inter-calibration approach is based on providing highly accurate spectral reflectance measurements from the CLARREO Reflected Solar Spectrometer (RSS) as the reference for existing sensors and to monitor and characterize their response function parameters including gain, offset, non-linearity, optics spectral response, and sensitivity to polarization of light. The inter-calibration of instrument sensitivity to polarization requires on-orbit knowledge of polarization state of light as function of observed scene type and viewing geometry. In this study, we validate polarization parameters calculated with the adding-doubling radiative transfer model (ADRTM) for developing the Polarization Distribution Models (PDMs). These model results are compared with observations from the Polarization and Anisotropy of Reflectances for Atmospheric Science instrument coupled with Observations from a Lidar (PARASOL) data. Good agreement between model results and satellite data is shown for both liquid water clouds and ice clouds. Difference between model results and satellite measurements for clear-sky oceans is explained as due to the presence of undetected clouds, that are super-thin or whose spatial and temporal mean optical depth is small, in the PARASOL clear-sky scenes. These results demonstrate that the ADRTM provides a reliable approach for building spectral PDMs for the inter-calibration applications of the CLARREO mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SOLAR spectra
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - CLARREO
KW  - Inter-calibration
KW  - PARASOL
KW  - Radiation polarization
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 99067416; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov Lukashin, Constantine 2 Baize, Rosemary R. 2 Goldin, Daniel 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 150, p121; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SOLAR spectra; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: CLARREO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inter-calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: PARASOL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation polarization; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.05.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99067416&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Taiping
AU  - Jr.Stackhouse, Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
T1  - The validation of the GEWEX SRB surface longwave flux data products using BSRN measurements.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 150
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 147
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The longwave downward fluxes at the Earth׳s surface are a significant part of the products of the NASA GEWEX SRB (Surface Radiation Budget) project which has produced and archived a 24.5-year continuous record from July 1983 to December 2007 of global shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation fluxes at TOA and the surface from satellite measurements. The data are generated on a system of grid boxes ranging from 1° latitude by 1° longitude at lower latitudes to 1° latitude by 120° longitude next to the poles. The LW datasets, which are available as 3-hourly, 3-hourly–monthly, daily and monthly means, are produced from two sets of algorithms, the GEWEX LW (GLW) algorithm which is designated as primary and the Langley Parameterized LW (LPLA) algorithm which is designated as quality-check. The inputs of the latest versions, GLW (V3.1) and LPLA (V3.0), include the Geostationary Satellite system (GEOS) Version 4.0.3 meteorological information and cloud properties derived from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX data. In this paper, we compare the LW downward fluxes at the Earth׳s surface from both algorithms against over 4000 site-months of the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) data from among the 59 BSRN sites. The comparisons are made for the 3-hourly, daily and monthly means each for the entire record, and on a month-by-month basis as well as a site-by-site basis. It is found that the overall daily mean bias/RMS for the GLW (V3.1) and LPLA (V3.0) algorithms are, respectively, 1.1/22.1 and 4.6/22.8 W m −2 , their monthly counterparts are, respectively, 0.9/11.1 and 4.5/12.9 W m −2 . Anomaly time series for a subset of more continuous BSRN measurement data sets show a standard deviation of 2.3 W m −2 and a correlation of 0.82 indicating the accurate replication of month-to-month variability. Clusters of similar surface types are analyzed showing that the uncertainties are largest over the polar regions. Finally, Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) two-sample test and Cramér–von Mises (CvM) two-sample test are used to show that the GLW is able to replicate the cumulative frequency distribution of the measurements at the 0.01 significance level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACES (Physics)
KW  - PHYSICAL measurements
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - BSRN
KW  - GEWEX SRB
KW  - Longwave radiation
KW  - Radiation budget
KW  - Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 99067432; Zhang, Taiping 1; Email Address: Taiping.Zhang@NASA.gov Jr.Stackhouse, Paul W. 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Cox, Stephen J. 1 Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666-5845, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 150, p134; Subject Term: SURFACES (Physics); Subject Term: PHYSICAL measurements; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: BSRN; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEWEX SRB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Longwave radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.07.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99067432&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Gong, Wei
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Application of surface pressure measurements from O2-band differential absorption radar system in three-dimensional data assimilation on hurricane: Part I – An observing system simulation experiments study.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 150
M3  - Article
SP  - 148
EP  - 165
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Sea level pressure (SLP) is an important variable in regulating hurricane motion. However, SLP generally cannot be measured in open oceans due to limited buoys. Because of the potential availability of an O 2 -band differential absorption radar for sea surface barometry, we investigate the value of assimilating various patterns of SLP from such a system on hurricane prediction using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) three-dimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR) based on Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). An important objective of this series of study is to explore the potential to use space and airborne sea surface air pressure measurements from an O 2 -band differential absorption radar currently under development for server weather including hurricane forecasts. The surface pressure patterns include an area of SLP, and a band of SLP either through the center or tangent to the hurricane position; the latter two distributions are similar to what could be obtained from the differential absorption radar system, which could be installed on spaceborne satellites and/or mounted on reconnaissance aircraft. In the banded pressure cases, we propose a vortex reconstruction technique based on surface pressure field. Assimilating observations from the reconstructed surface pressure leads to a better representation of initial SLP and vertical cross-section of wind, relative to the control where no data is assimilated and to the assimilation without vortex reconstruction. In eight of the nine OSSEs simulations on three hurricanes with three leading times of integration, which cover a wide range of initial minimum SLP from 951 to 1011 hPa, substantial improvements are found not only in the hurricane track and position, but also in the hurricane intensity, in terms of the SLP and maximum surface wind. The only case without significant improvement is resulted from the very weak initial condition (SLP 1011 hPa), which had no clear indication of tropical disturbance at the stage for initialization. The improvements of assimilation are generally enhanced for the stronger hurricanes whose differences in initial minimum SLP between nature run and control are larger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE pressure
KW  - SEA level
KW  - BAROMETRY
KW  - HURRICANES
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Hurricane
KW  - O 2 -band differential absorption radar
KW  - Observing system simulation experiments
KW  - Sea level pressure
KW  - Three-dimensional variational data assimilation system
KW  - Weather and Research Forecast
N1  - Accession Number: 99067424; Min, Qilong 1; Email Address: qmin@albany.edu Gong, Wei 1 Lin, Bing 2 Hu, Yongxiang 2; Affiliation:  1: State University of New York at Albany, NY, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 150, p148; Subject Term: SURFACE pressure; Subject Term: SEA level; Subject Term: BAROMETRY; Subject Term: HURRICANES; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hurricane; Author-Supplied Keyword: O 2 -band differential absorption radar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Observing system simulation experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea level pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three-dimensional variational data assimilation system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weather and Research Forecast; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.08.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99067424&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, Qilong
AU  - Gong, Wei
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Application of surface pressure measurements of O2-band differential absorption radar system in three-dimensional data assimilation on hurricane: Part II — A quasi-observational study.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 150
M3  - Article
SP  - 166
EP  - 174
SN  - 00224073
AB  - This is the second part on assessing the impacts of assimilating various distributions of sea-level pressure (SLP) on hurricane simulations, using the Weather and Research Forecast (WRF) three dimensional variational data assimilation system (3DVAR). One key purpose of this series of study is to explore the potential of using remotely sensed sea surface barometric data from O 2 -band differential absorption radar system currently under development for server weather including hurricane forecasts. In this part II we further validate the conclusions of observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs) in the part I using observed SLP for three hurricanes that passed over the Florida peninsula. Three SLP patterns are tested again, including all available data near the Florida peninsula, and a band of observations either through the center or tangent to the hurricane position. Before the assimilation, a vortex SLP reconstruction technique is employed for the use of observed SLP as discussed in the part I. In agreement with the results from OSSEs, the performance of assimilating SLP is enhanced for the two hurricanes with stronger initial minimum SLP, leading to a significant improvement in the track and position relative to the control where no data are assimilated. On the other hand, however, the improvement in the hurricane intensity is generally limited to the first 24–48 h of integration, while a high resolution nested domain simulation, along with assimilation of SLP in the coarse domain, shows more profound improvement in the intensity. A diagnostic analysis of the potential vorticity suggests that the improved track forecasts are attributed to the combined effects of adjusting the steering wind fields in a consistent manner with having a deeper vortex, and the associated changes in the convective activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE pressure
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar
KW  - HURRICANES
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Hurricane
KW  - Observational system simulation experiments
KW  - Potential vorticity
KW  - Sea-level pressure
KW  - Three dimensional variational data assimilation system
KW  - Weather and Research Forecast
N1  - Accession Number: 99067428; Min, Qilong 1; Email Address: qmin@albany.edu Gong, Wei 1 Lin, Bing 2 Hu, Yongxiang 2; Affiliation:  1: State University of New York at Albany, NY, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 150, p166; Subject Term: SURFACE pressure; Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar; Subject Term: HURRICANES; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hurricane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Observational system simulation experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Potential vorticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea-level pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three dimensional variational data assimilation system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weather and Research Forecast; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.08.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99067428&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min, James B
AU  - Ghosn, Louis J
AU  - Lerch, Bradley A
T1  - A study for stainless steel fan blade design with metal foam core.
JO  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
JF  - Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 17
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 73
SN  - 10996362
AB  - The pursuit for cheap, low-density and high-performance materials in the design of aircraft engine blades raises wide-ranging challenges to the materials and structural design engineers. Traditionally, these components have been fabricated using expensive materials such as lightweight titanium alloys and polymer composite materials composites. The present study investigates the use of a sandwich foam fan blade made of solid face sheets and a metal foam core. The face sheets and the metal foam core material were an aerospace grade precipitation-hardened 17-4 stainless steel with high strength and high toughness. The stiffness of the sandwich structure is increased by separating the two face sheets by a foam core. The resulting structure possesses a high stiffness while being lighter than a similar solid construction. Since the face sheets carry the applied bending loads, the sandwich architecture is a viable engineering concept. The material properties of 17-4 precipitation-hardened metal foam are briefly reviewed to describe the characteristics of the sandwich structure for a fan blade application. Vibration characteristics and design criteria on the 17-4 precipitation-hardened metal foam core sandwich blade design with different combinations of skin thickness and core volume are presented with a comparison to a solid titanium blade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FANS (Machinery) -- Blades
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - METAL foams
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - aircraft engine fan blades
KW  - foam theory and manufacturing techniques
KW  - metal foam core
KW  - Sandwich foam fan blade
KW  - sandwich structures
N1  - Accession Number: 99945925; Min, James B 1; Email Address: james.b.min@nasa.gov Ghosn, Louis J 1 Lerch, Bradley A 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 17 Issue 1, p56; Subject Term: FANS (Machinery) -- Blades; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: METAL foams; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: aircraft engine fan blades; Author-Supplied Keyword: foam theory and manufacturing techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: metal foam core; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich foam fan blade; Author-Supplied Keyword: sandwich structures; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 5200
L3  - 10.1177/1099636214554181
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99945925&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnston, Christopher O.
AU  - Brandis, Aaron M.
T1  - Features of Afterbody Radiative Heating for Earth Entry.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 119
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Radiative heating is identified as a major contributor to afterbody heating for Earth entry capsules at velocities above 10 km/s. Because of rate-limited electron-ion recombination processes, many of the electronically excited N and O atoms produced in the high-temperature/pressure forebody remain as they expand into the afterbody region, which results in significant afterbody radiation. Large radiative heating sensitivities to electron-impact ionization rates and escape factors are identified. Ablation products from a forebody ablator are shown to increase the afterbody radiation by nearly 40%, due to the influence of CO on the vibrational-electronic temperature. The tangent-slab radiation transport approach is shown to overpredict the radiative flux by as much as 50% in the afterbody, therefore making the more computationally expensive ray-tracing approach necessary for accurate radiative flux predictions. For the Stardust entry, the afterbody radiation is predicted to be nearly twice as large as the convective heating during the peak heating phase of the trajectory. Comparisons between simulations and the Stardust Echelle observation measurements, which are shown to be dominated by afterbody emission, indicate agreement within 20 % for various N and O lines. Similarly, calorimeter measurements from the Fire II experiment are identified as a source of validation data for afterbody radiation. For the afterbody calorimeter measurement closest to the forebody, which experiences the largest afterbody radiative heating component, the fully catalytic convective heating prediction alone is shown to underpredict the measurement by up to 60 %. Agreement with the measurements is improved to within 20 % with the addition of afterbody radiation. These comparisons with Stardust and Fire II measurements confirm that afterbody radiation is a valid heating mechanism that requires consideration in future vehicle designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - HEATING load
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - HYPERVELOCITY
KW  - SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 101487767; Johnston, Christopher O. 1 Brandis, Aaron M. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: ERC Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p105; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: HEATING load; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: HYPERVELOCITY; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1 .A33084
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yih-Kanq Chen
AU  - Gökçen, Tahir
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
T1  - Two-Dimensional Ablation and Thermal Response Analyses for Mars Science Laboratory Heat Shield.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 143
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper examines transient simulations performed to predict in-depth thermal response and surface recession of the proposed heat shield material for the Mars Science Laboratory entry capsule, that is, phenolic impregnated carbon ablator. The finite volume material response code used in this paper solves the time-dependent governing equations, including energy conservation and a three-component decomposition model, with a surface energybalance condition and a moving grid system to predict shape change due to surface recession. The predicted in-depth thermal response of heat shield material generally agrees well with the thermocouple data under various arejet conditions. Also, two-dimensional computations using aerothermal environment for Mars entry (derived from a proposed three-sigma trajectory) are performed around the heat shield shoulder region, where high heating occurs as the result of angle of attack. Parametric studies are conducted to examine the effects of carbon-fiber orientation, material properties, and surface recession on heat shield bondline temperature history. It is proved that the fiber orientation configuration of the baseline heat shield has the lowest maximum bondline temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - HYPERVELOCITY
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 101487769; Yih-Kanq Chen 1 Gökçen, Tahir 1 Edquist, Karl T. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p134; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: HYPERVELOCITY; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32868
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101487769&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldman, Benjamin D.
AU  - Dowel, Earl H.
AU  - Scott, Robert C.
T1  - Aeroelastic Stability of Thermal Protection System for Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 144
EP  - 156
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A theoretical aeroelastic stability analysis has been performed on the flexible thermal protection system for an inflatable aerodynamic decelerator. Structural models consist of one or more truncated conical shells of the Donnell type, which may be elastically supported along the middle surface. The aerodynamic model is first-order piston theory. The Lagrangian of the system is formulated in terms of the generalized coordinates for all shell displacements, and the Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to derive the equations of motion. The aeroelastic stability boundaries and mode shapes are found by calculating the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a large coefficient matrix. When the thermal protection system is approximated as a single conical shell, circumferentially asymmetric coalescence flutter between the second and third axial modes is observed. When many circumferential elastic supports are included, the shell flutters symmetrically in zero circumferential waves, with the first, second, and third axial modes being the most critical. In this case, the flutter boundary, flutter mechanism, and critical modes may change significantly with the addition of structural damping. Aeroelastic models that consider the thermal protection system as multiple interacting shells tend to flutter asymmetrically at high dynamic pressures relative to the single shell models, with higher axial modes being more critical. It is also found that tension applied at the shell edges, orthotropicity, and elastic support stiffness are important parameters that can dramatically affect the shell's flutter behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HYPERVELOCITY
KW  - SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SHOCK waves
N1  - Accession Number: 101487770; Goldman, Benjamin D. 1 Dowel, Earl H. 1 Scott, Robert C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p144; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HYPERVELOCITY; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Combs, C. S.
AU  - Clemens, N. T.
AU  - Danehy, P. M.
AU  - Bathel, B.
AU  - Parker, R.
AU  - Wadhams,, T.
AU  - Holden, M.
AU  - Kirk, B.
T1  - Fluorescence Imaging of Reaction Control Jets and Backshell Aeroheating of Orion Capsule.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 252
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Planar laser-induced fluorescence of nitric oxide was used to visualize the interaction of reaction control system jet flows on the afterbody of a hypersonic capsule reentry vehicle at the Calspan-University at Buffalo Research Center's Large Energy National Shock Tunnel I reflected shock tunnel facility. The interaction of pitch and roll jets with the flowfield was investigated. Additionally, thin-film sensors were used to monitor heat transfer on the surface of the model to detect localized heating resulting from the firing of the reaction control system jets. Visualizations of the capsule shear layer using both planar laser-induced fluorescence and schlieren imaging compared favorably. The structure of the roll jet was found to be significantly altered due to interactions with the flowfield. Additionally, the presence of the roll jet appeared to change the nature of the shear layer from steady laminar to unsteady. The pitch jet structure was only disturbed in the far field. Comparison of the planar laser-induced fluorescence jet-fluid visualizations and the surface heat flux distributions indicate that the regions of enhanced aeroheating are not caused by the jet fluid itself impinging on the surface, but rather by the presence of jet-induced horseshoe vortices and shock wave/boundary-layer interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - HYPERSONIC flow
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - SPACE trajectories
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HYPERVELOCITY
N1  - Accession Number: 101487779; Combs, C. S. 1 Clemens, N. T. 1 Danehy, P. M. 2 Bathel, B. 2 Parker, R. 3 Wadhams,, T. 3 Holden, M. 3 Kirk, B. 4; Affiliation:  1: The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  3: Calspan-University at Buffalo Research Center, Buffalo, New York 14225  4: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p243; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC flow; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SPACE trajectories; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HYPERVELOCITY; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32946
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru
T1  - Navier-Stokes-Equations-Based Computations of Launch Vehicles Experiencing Forced Coupled Oscillations.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan/Feb2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 302
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The article presents a research study which demonstrate a validated procedure to accurately compute unsteady flows associated with the forced coupled oscillatory motions of space launch vehicles through Navier-Stokes-equations. Under the study, validation computations are made for a clean configuration model of the Saturn V launch vehicle undergoing coupled longitudinal and lateral rigid-body oscillations. The
KW  - LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellite launching
KW  - SCIENTIFIC models
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
N1  - Accession Number: 101487785; Guruswamy, Guru 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan/Feb2015, Vol. 52 Issue 1, p299; Subject Term: LAUNCH vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellite launching; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC models; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhagwat, Mahendra J.
T1  - Optimum Loading and Induced Swirl Effects in Hover.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 60
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Optimum hover performance is the quintessential goal of rotor design. Yet it is not entirely clear what exactly is the optimum loading for a hovering rotor. Propeller theory gives the Betz loading as the optimum for an actuator disk in axial flight, which is commonly believed to be the optimum in hover as well. Helicopter textbooks often give uniform loading (and the corresponding uniform inflow) as the optimum in hover based on simple momentum theory, which ignores induced swirl. Glauert derived optimum loading solution in hover, including swirl and showed that it differs from the Betz loading. The present work uses combined blade element momentum theory to examine these loadings and to better understand optimum hover performance. The analysis is applicable to both ideal (actuator disks) and realistic rotors. The analysis is further augmented with a profile drag model to calculate rotor performance and is successfully applied to several rotor configurations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GROUND-effect machines
KW  - GROUND-cushion phenomenon
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LIFT fans
KW  - HELICOPTERS
KW  - VERTICALLY rising aircraft
N1  - Accession Number: 101435238; Bhagwat, Mahendra J. 1; Email Address: mahendra.j.bhagwat.civ@mail.mil; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Directorate -- AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center, Research, Development & Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 60 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GROUND-effect machines; Subject Term: GROUND-cushion phenomenon; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LIFT fans; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS; Subject Term: VERTICALLY rising aircraft; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336612 Boat Building; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.60.012004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101435238&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saleeb, A.F.
AU  - Dhakal, B.
AU  - Dilibal, S.
AU  - Owusu-Danquah, J.S.
AU  - IIPadula, S.A.
T1  - On the modeling of the thermo-mechanical responses of four different classes of NiTi-based shape memory materials using a general multi-mechanism framework.
JO  - Mechanics of Materials
JF  - Mechanics of Materials
Y1  - 2015/01//Jan2015 Part A
VL  - 80
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 86
SN  - 01676636
SN  - 9780077221409
AB  - The properties of a shape memory alloy (SMA) have been shown to be highly dependent on the chemical composition and thermo-mechanical processing applied to the material. These differences dictate the degree of superelasticity, pseudoplasticity, shape memory effect, and evolution under mechanical/thermal loading cycles, that is observed in the material. Understanding and utilizing these unique phenomena has become essential in many engineering applications. It is, therefore, important to provide two key ingredients in any SMA constitutive model; (i) a sufficiently comprehensive scope in the mathematical formulation to handle different classes of SMA materials; and (ii) a general model parameterization derived from fundamental tests that can be used for a specific SMA as intended for use in a given application. The present work is aimed at a detailed investigation of the interaction aspects between the above items (i) and (ii) in the context of using a recent three-dimensional, multimechanism-based SMA framework to model the experimentally measured responses of four different classes of SMA materials: (a) a commercial superelastic NiTi, (b) a powder metallurgically-processed NiTi-based SMA material, (c) a commercial Ni 49.9 Ti 50.1 actuation material, and (d) a high-temperature Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 alloy. To facilitate the parameterization task, the model parameters are classified into two groups, i.e., (1) fixed parameters that are designed to capture the non-linear, hysteretic response under any thermo-mechanical loading condition, and (2) a set of functionally dependent material parameters which account for a number of refinements including asymmetry in tension and compression responses, temperature- and stress-state dependencies, etc. The results of the work showed that the complexity of the characterization is dependent on the SMA feature exploited by the specific application intended, which in turn dictates the amount and type of test data required to accurately predict a given application response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical treatment
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Material modeling
KW  - NiTi shape memory alloys
KW  - Pseudoplastic behavior
KW  - Superelastic behavior
KW  - Thermal cycles
N1  - Accession Number: 99611513; Saleeb, A.F. 1; Email Address: saleeb@uakron.edu Dhakal, B. 1 Dilibal, S. 1 Owusu-Danquah, J.S. 1 IIPadula, S.A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3905, USA  2: N.A.S.A. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2015 Part A, Vol. 80, p67; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical treatment; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Material modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pseudoplastic behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superelastic behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal cycles; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2014.09.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - García-Maldonado, José
AU  - Bebout, Brad
AU  - Everroad, R.
AU  - López-Cortés, Alejandro
T1  - Evidence of Novel Phylogenetic Lineages of Methanogenic Archaea from Hypersaline Microbial Mats.
JO  - Microbial Ecology
JF  - Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 69
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 117
SN  - 00953628
AB  - Methanogenesis in hypersaline and high-sulfate environments is typically dominated by methylotrophic methanogens because sulfate reduction is thermodynamically favored over hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis in these environments. We characterized the community composition of methanogenic archaea in both unmanipulated and incubated microbial mats from different hypersaline environments in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Clone libraries of methyl coenzyme-M reductase ( mcrA) sequences and DGGE band patterns of 16S rRNA and mcrA sequences showed that the methanogen community in these microbial mats is dominated by methylotrophic methanogens of the genus Methanohalophilus. However, phylogenetic analyses of mcrA sequences from these mats also revealed two new lineages corresponding to putative hydrogenotrophic methanogens related with the strictly hydrogenotrophic order Methanomicrobiales. Stimulated methane production under decreased salinity and sulfate concentrations also suggested the presence of hydrogenotrophic methanogens in these samples. The relative abundance of mcrA gene and transcripts, estimated by SYBR green I qPCR assays, suggested the activity of different phylogenetic groups of methanogens, including the two novel clusters, in unmanipulated samples of hypersaline microbial mats. Using geochemical and molecular approaches, we show that substrate limitation and values of salinity and sulfate higher than 3 % and 25 mM (respectively) are potential environmental constraints for methanogenesis in these environments. Microcosm experiments with modifications of salinity and sulfate concentrations and TMA addition showed that upper salt and sulfate concentrations for occurrence of methylotrophic methanogenesis were 28 % and 263 mM, respectively. This study provides phylogenetic information about uncultivated and undescribed methanogenic archaea from hypersaline environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microbial Ecology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANOGENS
KW  - ARCHAEBACTERIA
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - BACTERIA -- Phylogeny
KW  - GEOMICROBIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 100319021; García-Maldonado, José 1 Bebout, Brad 2 Everroad, R. 2 López-Cortés, Alejandro; Email Address: alopez04@cibnor.mx; Affiliation:  1: Laboratorio de Geomicrobiología y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz Mexico  2: Exobiology Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p106; Subject Term: METHANOGENS; Subject Term: ARCHAEBACTERIA; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: BACTERIA -- Phylogeny; Subject Term: GEOMICROBIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00248-014-0473-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hidetoshi Nishimori
AU  - Junichi Tsuda
AU  - Knysh, Sergey
T1  - Comparative study of the performance of quantum annealing and simulated annealing.
JO  - Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics
JF  - Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 91
IS  - 1-A
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 15393755
AB  - Relations of simulated annealing and quantum annealing are studied by a mapping from the transition matrix of classical Markovian dynamics of the Ising model to a quantum Hamiltonian and vice versa. It is shown that these two operators, the transition matrix and the Hamiltonian, share the eigenvalue spectrum. Thus, if simulated annealing with slow temperature change does not encounter a difficulty caused by an exponentially long relaxation time at a first-order phase transition, the same is true for the corresponding process of quantum annealing in the adiabatic limit. One of the important differences between the classical-to-quantum mapping and the converse quantum-to-classical mapping is that the Markovian dynamics of a short-range Ising model is mapped to a short-range quantum system, but the converse mapping from a short-range quantum system to a classical one results in long-range interactions. This leads to a difference in efficiencies that simulated annealing can be efficiently simulated by quantum annealing but the converse is not necessarily true. We conclude that quantum annealing is easier to implement and is more flexible than simulated annealing. We also point out that the present mapping can be extended to accommodate explicit time dependence of temperature, which is used to justify the quantum-mechanical analysis of simulated annealing by Somma, Batista, and Ortiz. Additionally, an alternative method to solve the nonequilibrium dynamics of the one-dimensional Ising model is provided through the classical-to-quantum mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review E: Statistical, Nonlinear & Soft Matter Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - QUANTUM annealing
KW  - SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics)
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - HAMILTONIAN systems
N1  - Accession Number: 101201565; Hidetoshi Nishimori 1 Junichi Tsuda 1 Knysh, Sergey 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan  2: QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: SGT Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400, Greenbelt, Maryland 20770, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 91 Issue 1-A, p1; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: QUANTUM annealing; Subject Term: SIMULATED annealing (Mathematics); Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Subject Term: HAMILTONIAN systems; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevE.91.012104
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richey, Michael
AU  - Zender, Fabian
AU  - Camarda, Charles J.
T1  - Engineering the Future Workforce Required by a Global Engineering Industry.
JO  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
JF  - Proceedings of the ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Y1  - 2015/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 21535868
AB  - The article focuses on the future engineer workforce required by the global engineering industry. For the U.S. to remain competitive in advanced manufacturing, the students need to have access to education opportunities that prepare them for the transformation. Individual teachers have made improvement in learning their individual students to accommodate the requirements of a global workforce in the 21st century.
KW  - ENGINEERS
KW  - ENGINEERING
KW  - ENGINEERING teachers
KW  - ENGINEERING -- Study & teaching
KW  - ENGINEERING students
N1  - Accession Number: 116025424; Richey, Michael 1 Zender, Fabian 1 Camarda, Charles J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Company  2: NASA; Source Info: 2015, p1; Subject Term: ENGINEERS; Subject Term: ENGINEERING; Subject Term: ENGINEERING teachers; Subject Term: ENGINEERING -- Study & teaching; Subject Term: ENGINEERING students; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rieffel, Eleanor
AU  - Venturelli, Davide
AU  - O'Gorman, Bryan
AU  - Do, Minh
AU  - Prystay, Elicia
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim
T1  - A case study in programming a quantum annealer for hard operational planning problems.
JO  - Quantum Information Processing
JF  - Quantum Information Processing
Y1  - 2015/01//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 36
SN  - 15700755
AB  - We report on a case study in programming an early quantum annealer to attack optimization problems related to operational planning. While a number of studies have looked at the performance of quantum annealers on problems native to their architecture, and others have examined performance of select problems stemming from an application area, ours is one of the first studies of a quantum annealer's performance on parametrized families of hard problems from a practical domain. We explore two different general mappings of planning problems to quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, and apply them to two parametrized families of planning problems, navigation-type and scheduling-type. We also examine two more compact, but problem-type specific, mappings to QUBO, one for the navigation-type planning problems and one for the scheduling-type planning problems. We study embedding properties and parameter setting and examine their effect on the efficiency with which the quantum annealer solves these problems. From these results, we derive insights useful for the programming and design of future quantum annealers: problem choice, the mapping used, the properties of the embedding, and the annealing profile all matter, each significantly affecting the performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quantum Information Processing is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM annealing
KW  - OPERATIONS research
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - Operational planning
KW  - Quantum annealing keyword
KW  - Quantum computation
N1  - Accession Number: 100273947; Rieffel, Eleanor 1; Email Address: eleanor.rieffel@nasa.gov Venturelli, Davide 1; Email Address: davide.venturelli@nasa.gov O'Gorman, Bryan 1; Email Address: bryan.a.ogorman@nasa.gov Do, Minh 1; Email Address: minh.do@nasa.gov Prystay, Elicia 1; Email Address: elicia.m.prystay@nasa.gov Smelyanskiy, Vadim 1; Email Address: vadim.n.smelyanskiy@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94025 USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM annealing; Subject Term: OPERATIONS research; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operational planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum annealing keyword; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quantum computation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541614 Process, Physical Distribution, and Logistics Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11128-014-0892-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lange, Rebecca
AU  - Driver, Simon P.
AU  - Robotham, Aaron S. G.
AU  - Kelvin, Lee S.
AU  - Graham, Alister W.
AU  - Alpaslan, Mehmet
AU  - Andrews, Stephen K.
AU  - Baldry, Ivan K.
AU  - Bamford, Steven
AU  - Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
AU  - Brough, Sarah
AU  - Cluver, Michelle E.
AU  - Conselice, Christopher J.
AU  - Davies, Luke J. M.
AU  - Haeussler, Boris
AU  - Konstantopoulos, Iraklis S.
AU  - Loveday, Jon
AU  - Moffett, Amanda J.
AU  - Norberg, Peder
AU  - Phillipps, Steven
T1  - Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): mass–size relations of z < 0.1 galaxies subdivided by Sérsic index, colour and morphology.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/01/08/
VL  - 447
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2603
EP  - 2630
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We use data from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey in the redshift range 0.01 < z < 0.1 (8399 galaxies in g to Ks bands) to derive the stellar mass–half-light radius relations for various divisions of ‘early’- and ‘late’-type samples. We find that the choice of division between early and late (i.e. colour, shape, morphology) is not particularly critical; however, the adopted mass limits and sample selections (i.e. the careful rejection of outliers and use of robust fitting methods) are important. In particular, we note that for samples extending to low stellar mass limits (${<}10^{10}\mathcal {M_{\odot }}$) the Sérsic index bimodality, evident for high-mass systems, becomes less distinct and no-longer acts as a reliable separator of early- and late-type systems. The final set of stellar mass–half-light radius relations are reported for a variety of galaxy population subsets in 10 bands (ugrizZY JHKs) and are intended to provide a comprehensive low-z benchmark for the many ongoing high-z studies. Exploring the variation of the stellar mass–half-light radius relations with wavelength, we confirm earlier findings that galaxies appear more compact at longer wavelengths albeit at a smaller level than previously noted: at $10^{10}\mathcal {M_{\odot }}$ both spiral systems and ellipticals show a decrease in size of 13 per cent from g to Ks (which is near linear in log wavelength). Finally, we note that the sizes used in this work are derived from 2D Sérsic light profile fitting (using galfit3), i.e. elliptical semimajor half-light radii, improving on earlier low-z benchmarks based on circular apertures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELLIPTICAL galaxies
KW  - GALAXIES -- Spectra
KW  - GALAXIES -- Formation
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD
KW  - galaxies: formation
KW  - galaxies: fundamental parameters
KW  - galaxies: spiral
KW  - galaxies: statistics
N1  - Accession Number: 101038609; Lange, Rebecca 1 Driver, Simon P. 1,2 Robotham, Aaron S. G. 1 Kelvin, Lee S. 3 Graham, Alister W. 4 Alpaslan, Mehmet 5 Andrews, Stephen K. 1 Baldry, Ivan K. 6 Bamford, Steven 7 Bland-Hawthorn, Joss 8 Brough, Sarah 9 Cluver, Michelle E. 10 Conselice, Christopher J. 7 Davies, Luke J. M. 1 Haeussler, Boris 11,12 Konstantopoulos, Iraklis S. 9 Loveday, Jon 13 Moffett, Amanda J. 1 Norberg, Peder 14 Phillipps, Steven 15; Affiliation:  1: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), University of Western Australia, M468, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  2: Scottish Universities’ Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK  3: Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria  4: Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK  7: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK  8: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2088, Australia  9: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 915, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia  10: Astrophysics, Cosmology and Gravity Centre, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, Republic of South Africa  11: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, Oxon OX1 3RH, UK  12: University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK  13: Astronomy Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK  14: ICC, Durham University, Durham, County Durham DH1 3, UK  15: School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 447 Issue 3, p2603; Subject Term: ELLIPTICAL galaxies; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Spectra; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Formation; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: spiral; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: statistics; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BUENZLI, ESTHER
AU  - SAUMON, DIDIER
AU  - MARLEY, MARK S.
AU  - APAI, DÁNIEL
AU  - RADIGAN, JACQUELINE
AU  - BEDIN, LUIGI R.
AU  - REID, I. NEILL
AU  - MORLEY, CAROLINE V.
T1  - CLOUD STRUCTURE OF THE NEAREST BROWN DWARFS: SPECTROSCOPIC VARIABILITY OF LUHMAN 16AB FROM THE HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/01/10/
VL  - 798
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The binary brown dwarf WISE J104915.57-531906.1 (also Luhman 16AB), composed of a late L and early T dwarf, is a prototypical L/T transition flux reversal binary located at only 2 pc distance. Luhman 16B is a known variable whose light curves evolve rapidly. We present spatially resolved spectroscopic time-series of Luhman 16A and B covering 6.5 h using HST/WFC3 at 1.1 to 1.66 µm. The small, count-dependent variability of Luhman 16A at the beginning of the observations likely stems from instrumental systematics; Luhman 16A appears non-variable above ≈0.4%. Its spectrum is well fit by a single cloud layer with intermediate cloud thickness (fsed=2, Teff=1200 K). Luhman 16B varies at all wavelengths with peak-to-valley amplitudes of 7-11%. The amplitude and light curve shape changes over only one rotation period. The lowest relative amplitude is found in the deep water absorption band at 1.4 μm, otherwise it mostly decreases gradually from the blue to the red edge of the spectrum. This is very similar to the other two known highly variable early T dwarfs. A two-component cloud model accounts for most of the variability, although small deviations are seen in the water absorption band. We fit the mean spectrum and relative amplitudes with a linear combination of two models of a warm, thinner cloud (Teff=1300 K, fsed=3) and a cooler, thicker cloud (Teff=1000-1100 K, fsed=1), assuming out-of-equilibrium atmospheric chemistry. A cloud as for Luhman 16A but with holes cannot reproduce the variability of Luhman 16B, indicating more complex cloud evolution through the L/T transition. The projected separation of the binary has decreased by ≈0.3'' in 8 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - SPECTROSCOPE
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - binaries: visual
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - stars: atmospheres
KW  - stars: individual (WISE J10491557-5319061 Luhman 16AB)
KW  - stars: variables general
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 101674105; BUENZLI, ESTHER 1; Email Address: buenzli@mpia.de SAUMON, DIDIER 2 MARLEY, MARK S. 3 APAI, DÁNIEL 4,5 RADIGAN, JACQUELINE 6 BEDIN, LUIGI R. 7 REID, I. NEILL 6 MORLEY, CAROLINE V. 8; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, I-35122 Padova, Italy  8: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: 1/10/2015, Vol. 798 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPE; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: visual; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual (WISE J10491557-5319061 Luhman 16AB); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables general; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/798/2/127
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CHEN, Y.-J.
AU  - JUANG, K.-J.
AU  - NUEVO, M.
AU  - JIMENEZ-ESCOBAR, A.
AU  - CARO, G. M. MUNOZ
AU  - QIU, J.-M.
AU  - CHU, C.-C.
AU  - YIH, T.-S.
AU  - WU, C.-Y. R.
AU  - FUNG, H.-S.
AU  - IP, W.-H.
T1  - FORMATION OF S-BEARING SPECIES BY VUV/EUV IRRADIATION OF H2S-CONTAINING ICE MIXTURES: PHOTON ENERGY AND CARBON SOURCE EFFECTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/01/10/
VL  - 798
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is a key molecule in astrobiology that acts as a catalyst in peptide synthesis by coupling amino acids. Experimental studies suggest that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a precursor of OCS, could be present in astrophysical environments. In the present study, we used a microwave-discharge hydrogen-flow lamp, simulating the interstellar UV field, and a monochromatic synchrotron light beam to irradiate CO:H2S and CO2:H2S ice mixtures at 14 K with vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) or extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photons in order to study the effect of the photon energy and carbon source on the formation mechanisms and production yields of S-containing products (CS2, OCS, SO2, etc.). Results show that (1) the photo-induced OCS production efficiency in CO:H2S ice mixtures is higher than that of CO2:H2S ice mixtures; (2) a lower concentration of H2S enhances the production efficiency of OCS in both ice mixtures; and (3) the formation pathways of CS2 differ significantly upon VUV and EUV irradiations. Furthermore, CS2 was produced only after VUV photoprocessing of CO:H2S ices, while the VUV-induced production of SO2 occurred only in CO2:H2S ice mixtures. More generally, the production yields of OCS, H2S2, and CS2 were studied as a function of the irradiation photon energy. Heavy S-bearing compounds were also observed using mass spectrometry during the warm-up of VUV/EUV-irradiated CO:H2S ice mixtures. The presence of S-polymers in dust grains may account for the missing sulfur in dense clouds and circumstellar environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONYL compounds
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - CATALYSTS
KW  - PEPTIDE synthesis
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - HYDROGEN sulfide
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - methods: laboratory: molecular
KW  - molecular processes
KW  - ultraviolet: ISM
N1  - Accession Number: 101674058; CHEN, Y.-J. 1 JUANG, K.-J. 1,2 NUEVO, M. 3,4 JIMENEZ-ESCOBAR, A. 5 CARO, G. M. MUNOZ 5 QIU, J.-M. 1 CHU, C.-C. 1 YIH, T.-S. 1 WU, C.-Y. R. 2 FUNG, H.-S. 6 IP, W.-H. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32054, Taiwan  2: Space Sciences Center and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-1341, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: BAER Institute, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  5: Centro de Astrobiología, INTA-CSIC, Torrejon de Ardoz, E-28850 Madrid, Spain  6: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan  7: Graduate Institute of Astronomy, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32049, Taiwan; Source Info: 1/10/2015, Vol. 798 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: CARBONYL compounds; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Subject Term: PEPTIDE synthesis; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: HYDROGEN sulfide; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: laboratory: molecular; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet: ISM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/798/2/80
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evirgen, A.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Santamarta, R.
AU  - Pons, J.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Microstructural characterization and shape memory characteristics of the Ni50.3Ti34.7Hf15 shape memory alloy.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 83
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
EP  - 60
SN  - 13596454
AB  - The effect of precipitation on the microstructure and shape memory characteristics of the Ni 50.3 Ti 34.7 Hf 15 shape memory alloy has been investigated via transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and load-biased thermal cycling tests in tension. A one-stage martensitic transformation from B2 austenite to B19′ martensite was observed in all the aged samples but the transformation temperatures followed a more complicated trend depending on specific aging conditions. The transformation temperatures decreased below room temperature when the precipitate size, and thus the interparticle distance, was below ∼20 nm, as occurred after short aging times at low temperatures. On the other hand, the transformation temperatures can be increased over a wide temperature range by increasing the precipitate size and volume fraction through aging for long durations or at higher temperatures. The alloy demonstrated excellent dimensional stability under stress levels as high as 300 MPa as a consequence of precipitation hardening, with a maximum fully recoverable strain of 3.3% after aging at 450 °C for 10 h. The transformation thermal hysteresis also decreased in the aged samples due to reduced defect generation in the precipitation-strengthened samples. The precipitate crystal structure was identified as the H-phase that was recently reported in Ni-rich NiTiHf and NiTiZr alloys, and not the Ni 4 Ti 3 -type structure as reported in a few earlier studies. The H-phase present in the Ni-rich NiTiHf alloy does not change the twinning relations in the B19′ martensite phase compared to (Ti + Hf)-rich NiTiHf alloys, being a mixture of (0 0 1) compound twins and (0 1 1) Type I twins. On the other hand, the precipitates have a significant effect on martensite morphology and load-biased thermal cycling response, both of which can be manipulated by controlling the precipitate size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry
KW  - Martensitic transformation
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - NiTiHf
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Transformation characteristics
N1  - Accession Number: 99741887; Evirgen, A. 1 Karaman, I. 1; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Santamarta, R. 2 Pons, J. 2 Noebe, R.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Departament de Fisica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain  3: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 83, p48; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transformation characteristics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.09.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Zhang, Xiaoyang
AU  - Suyker, Andrew
AU  - Verma, Shashi
AU  - Shuai, Yanmin
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
T1  - Estimation of crop gross primary production (GPP): II. Do scaled MODIS vegetation indices improve performance?
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 200
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Satellite remote sensing estimates of gross primary production (GPP) have routinely been made using spectral vegetation indices (VIs) over the past two decades. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), the green band Wide Dynamic Range Vegetation Index (WDRVI green ), and the green band Chlorophyll Index (CI green ) have been employed to estimate GPP under the assumption that GPP is proportional to the product of VI and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (where VI is one of four VIs: NDVI, EVI, WDRVI green , or CI green ). However, the empirical regressions between VI*PAR and GPP measured locally at flux towers do not pass through the origin (i.e., the zero X – Y value for regressions). Therefore they are somewhat difficult to interpret and apply. This study investigates (1) what are the scaling factors and offsets (i.e., regression slopes and intercepts) between the fraction of PAR absorbed by chlorophyll of a canopy (fAPAR chl ) and the VIs and (2) whether the scaled VIs developed in (1) can eliminate the deficiency and improve the accuracy of GPP estimates. Three AmeriFlux maize and soybean fields were selected for this study, two of which are irrigated and one is rainfed. The four VIs and fAPAR chl of the fields were computed with the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite images. The GPP estimation performance for the scaled VIs was compared to results obtained with the original VIs and evaluated with standard statistics: the coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), the root mean square error (RMSE), and the coefficient of variation (CV). Overall, the scaled EVI obtained the best performance. The performance of the scaled NDVI, EVI and WDRVI green was improved across sites, crop types and soil/background wetness conditions. The scaled CI green did not improve results, compared to the original CI green . The scaled green band indices (WDRVI green , CI green ) did not exhibit superior performance to either the scaled EVI or NDVI in estimating crop daily GPP at these agricultural fields. The scaled VIs are more physiologically meaningful than original un-scaled VIs, but scaling factors and offsets may vary across crop types and surface conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AGRICULTURAL productivity
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - Daily GPP
KW  - fAPAR chl
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Vegetation index
N1  - Accession Number: 99697006; Zhang, Qingyuan 1,2; Email Address: qyz72@yahoo.com Cheng, Yen-Ben 2,3 Lyapustin, Alexei I. 4 Wang, Yujie 2,5 Zhang, Xiaoyang 6 Suyker, Andrew 7 Verma, Shashi 7 Shuai, Yanmin 8 Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  4: Climate and Radiation Laboratory, Code 613, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA  6: Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA  7: School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA  8: Earth Resources Technology, Inc., Laurel, MD 20707, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 200, p1; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Daily GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: fAPAR chl; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation index; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.09.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chu, D. Allen
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Szykman, James
AU  - Lewis, Jasper
AU  - Scarino, Amy
AU  - Hains, Jennifer
AU  - Burton, Sharon
AU  - Chen, Gao
AU  - Tsai, Tzuchin
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
AU  - Hair, Johnathan
AU  - Holben, Brent
AU  - Crawford, James
T1  - Regional characteristics of the relationship between columnar AOD and surface PM2.5: Application of lidar aerosol extinction profiles over Baltimore–Washington Corridor during DISCOVER-AQ.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 338
EP  - 349
SN  - 13522310
AB  - The first field campaign of DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface conditions from COlumn and VERtically resolved observations relevant to Air Quality) took place in July 2011 over Baltimore–Washington Corridor (BWC). A suite of airborne remote sensing and in-situ sensors was deployed along with ground networks for mapping vertical and horizontal distribution of aerosols. Previous researches were based on a single lidar station because of the lack of regional coverage. This study uses the unique airborne HSRL (High Spectral Resolution Lidar) data to baseline PM 2.5 (particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) estimates and applies to regional air quality with satellite AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth) retrievals over BWC (∼6500 km 2 ). The linear approximation takes into account aerosols aloft above AML (Aerosol Mixing Layer) by normalizing AOD with haze layer height (i.e., AOD/HLH). The estimated PM 2.5 mass concentrations by HSRL AOD/HLH are shown within 2 RMSE (Root Mean Square Error ∼9.6 μg/m 3 ) with correlation ∼0.88 with the observed over BWC. Similar statistics are shown when applying HLH data from a single location over the distance of 100 km. In other words, a single lidar is feasible to cover the range of 100 km with expected uncertainties. The employment of MPLNET–AERONET (MicroPulse Lidar NETwork – AErosol RObotic NETwork) measurements at NASA GSFC produces similar statistics of PM 2.5 estimates as those derived by HSRL. The synergy of active and passive remote sensing aerosol measurements provides the foundation for satellite application of air quality on a daily basis. For the optimal range of 10 km, the MODIS-estimated PM 2.5 values are found satisfactory at 27 (out of 36) sunphotometer locations with mean RMSE of 1.6–3.3 μg/m 3 relative to PM 2.5 estimated by sunphotometers. The remaining 6 of 8 marginal sites are found in the coastal zone, for which associated large RMSE values ∼4.5–7.8 μg/m 3 are most likely due to overestimated AOD because of water-contaminated pixels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - BALTIMORE-Washington Parkway (Md.)
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosol mixing layer
KW  - AOD
KW  - Baltimore–Washington Corridor
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - DRAGON
KW  - Haze layer height
KW  - HSRL
KW  - MODIS
KW  - MPLNET
KW  - PM 2.5
N1  - Accession Number: 99826049; Chu, D. Allen 1,2; Email Address: allen.chu@nasa.gov Ferrare, Richard 3 Szykman, James 3,4 Lewis, Jasper 1,2 Scarino, Amy 3 Hains, Jennifer 5 Burton, Sharon 3 Chen, Gao 3 Tsai, Tzuchin 6,7 Hostetler, Chris 3 Hair, Johnathan 3 Holben, Brent 2 Crawford, James 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA  5: Maryland Department of Environment, Baltimore, MD, USA  6: University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  7: National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 101, p338; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: BALTIMORE-Washington Parkway (Md.); Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol mixing layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: AOD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Baltimore–Washington Corridor; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: DRAGON; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze layer height; Author-Supplied Keyword: HSRL; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: MPLNET; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM 2.5; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.034
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99826049&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Pappalardo, Robert T.
AU  - Ewing, Ryan C.
AU  - Bierhaus, Edward B.
AU  - Bray, Veronica J.
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie
AU  - Grundy, William M.
AU  - Olkin, Catherine B.
AU  - Reitsema, Harold J.
AU  - Reuter, Dennis C.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Weaver, Harold
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
T1  - Geology before Pluto: Pre-encounter considerations.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 246
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
EP  - 81
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The cameras of New Horizons will provide robust data sets that should be imminently amenable to geological analysis of the Pluto system’s landscapes. In this paper, we begin with a brief discussion of the planned observations by the New Horizons cameras that will bear most directly on geological interpretability. Then we broadly review the major geological processes that could potentially operate on the surfaces of Pluto and its major moon Charon. We first survey exogenic processes (i.e. those for which energy for surface modification is supplied externally to the planetary surface): impact cratering, sedimentary processes (including volatile migration), and the work of wind. We conclude with an assessment of the prospects for endogenic activity in the form of tectonics and cryovolcanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - VOLCANISM
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - PLATE tectonics
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - Charon
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Pluto, satellites
KW  - Pluto, surface
KW  - Satellites, surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 99897923; Moore, Jeffrey M. 1; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov Howard, Alan D. 2 Schenk, Paul M. 3 McKinnon, William B. 4 Pappalardo, Robert T. 5 Ewing, Ryan C. 6 Bierhaus, Edward B. 7 Bray, Veronica J. 8 Spencer, John R. 9 Binzel, Richard P. 10 Buratti, Bonnie 11 Grundy, William M. 12 Olkin, Catherine B. 9 Reitsema, Harold J. 13 Reuter, Dennis C. 14 Stern, S. Alan 9 Weaver, Harold 15 Young, Leslie A. 9 Beyer, Ross A. 1,16; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States  3: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, United States  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, United States  5: Science Division, Planetary Science Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Mail Stop 321-560, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  6: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States  7: Space Exploration Systems, Lockheed Martin Corporation, 6801 Rockledge Dr., Bethesda, MD 20817, United States  8: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States  9: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  10: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MS 183-501, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  12: Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, United States  13: B612 Foundation, 20 Sunnyside Ave., Suite 427, Mill Valley, CA 94941, United States  14: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MS 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  15: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Space Department, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, United States  16: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 246, p65; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: VOLCANISM; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: PLATE tectonics; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, surfaces; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99897923&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Grundy, W.M.
AU  - DeMeo, F.E.
AU  - Buie, M.W.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Jennings, D.E.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Parker, J.W.
AU  - Reuter, D.C.
AU  - Spencer, J.R.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
T1  - The surface compositions of Pluto and Charon.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 246
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 92
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The surface of Pluto as it is understood on the eve of the encounter of the New Horizons spacecraft (mid-2015) consists of a spatially heterogeneous mix of solid N 2 , CH 4 , CO, C 2 H 6 , and an additional component that imparts color, and may not be an ice. The known molecular ices are detected by near-infrared spectroscopy. The N 2 ice occurs in the hexagonal crystalline β-phase, stable at T > 35.6 K. Spectroscopic evidence for wavelength shifts in the CH 4 bands attests to the complex mixing of CH 4 and N 2 in the solid state, in accordance with the phase diagram for N 2 + CH 4 . Spectra obtained at several aspects of Pluto’s surface as the planet rotates over its 6.4-day period show variability in the distribution of CH 4 and N 2 ices, with stronger CH 4 absorption bands associated with regions of higher albedo, in correlation with the visible rotational light curve. CO and N 2 ice absorptions are also strongly modulated by the rotation period; the bands are strongest on the anti-Charon hemisphere of Pluto. Longer term changes in the strengths of Pluto’s absorption bands occur as the viewing geometry changes on seasonal time-scales, although a complete cycle has not been observed. The non-ice component of Pluto’s surface may be a relatively refractory material produced by the UV and cosmic-ray irradiation of the surface ices and gases in the atmosphere, although UV does not generally penetrate the atmospheric CH 4 to interact with the surface. Laboratory simulations indicate that a rich chemistry ensues by the irradiation of mixtures of the ices known to occur on Pluto, but specific compounds have not yet been identified in spectra of the planet. Charon’s surface is characterized by spectral bands of crystalline H 2 O ice, and a band attributed to one or more hydrates of NH 3 . Amorphous H 2 O ice may also be present; the balance between the amorphization and crystallization processes on Charon remains to be clarified. The albedo of Charon and its generally spatially uniform neutral color indicate that a component, not yet identified, is mixed in some way with the H 2 O and NH 3 · n H 2 O ices. Among the many known small bodies in the transneptunian region, several share characteristics with Pluto and Charon, including the presence of CH 4 , N 2 , C 2 H 6 , H 2 O ices, as well as components that yield a wide variety of surface albedo and color. The New Horizons investigation of the Pluto–Charon system will generate new insight into the physical properties of the broader transneptunian population, and eventually to the corresponding bodies expected in the numerous planetary systems currently being discovered elsewhere in the Galaxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE composition (Planetology)
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - Charon
KW  - Pluto, surface
KW  - Satellites, composition
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 99897898; Cruikshank, D.P. 1; Email Address: Dale.P.Cruikshank@nasa.gov Grundy, W.M. 2 DeMeo, F.E. 3 Buie, M.W. 4 Binzel, R.P. 5 Jennings, D.E. 6 Olkin, C.B. 4 Parker, J.W. 4 Reuter, D.C. 6 Spencer, J.R. 4 Stern, S.A. 4 Young, L.A. 4 Weaver, H.A. 7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, United States  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States  4: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  5: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States  6: NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  7: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, United States; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 246, p82; Subject Term: SURFACE composition (Planetology); Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.05.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99897898&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bennett, William R.
AU  - Hoberecht, Mark A.
AU  - Lvovich, Vadim F.
T1  - Analysis of shunt currents and associated corrosion of bipolar plates in PEM fuel cells.
JO  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/01/15/
VL  - 737
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
EP  - 173
SN  - 15726657
AB  - Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are being developed for future NASA missions. These fuel cells use a bipolar construction, with internal manifolds to conduct product water and coolant water. The wetted surfaces of the manifolds present large voltage gradients across the product water and coolant water passages, which can induce water electrolysis in the manifolds of full-scale stacks. If not controlled, shunt currents lead to parasitic power losses and corrosion of the fuel cell metal surfaces; therefore, it is important to understand and characterize the effects of shunt currents. This analysis also applies to electrolyzers, flow-batteries and other devices where an electrolyte manifold experiences voltage gradients. In this work, electrochemical characterizations were performed to estimate these characteristics under relevant operating conditions. A numerical solution of the shunt currents is presented, and the distribution of water electrolysis and corrosion is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTON exchange membrane fuel cells
KW  - ELECTROLYSIS
KW  - ELECTROLYTIC cells
KW  - STORAGE batteries
KW  - Fuel cell stack
KW  - Shunt currents
KW  - Stray electrolysis
KW  - Water electrolyzer stack
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 100538112; Bennett, William R. 1; Email Address: william.r.bennett@nasa.gov Hoberecht, Mark A. 1 Lvovich, Vadim F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 737, p162; Subject Term: PROTON exchange membrane fuel cells; Subject Term: ELECTROLYSIS; Subject Term: ELECTROLYTIC cells; Subject Term: STORAGE batteries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel cell stack; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shunt currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stray electrolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water electrolyzer stack; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335911 Storage Battery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335910 Battery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.09.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100538112&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pon, Andy
AU  - Johnstone, Doug
AU  - Kaufman, Michael J.
AU  - Caselli, Paola
AU  - Plume, René
T1  - Erratum: Mid-J CO observations of Perseus B1-East 5: evidence for turbulent dissipation via low-velocity shocks.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/01/19/
VL  - 447
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3095
EP  - 3095
SN  - 00358711
KW  - ERRATA (Publishing)
KW  - PERIODICALS -- Articles
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - errata, addenda
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: individual objects: Perseus B1-East
KW  - shock waves
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 101039018; Pon, Andy 1,2 Johnstone, Doug 3,4,5 Kaufman, Michael J. 6,7 Caselli, Paola 1,2 Plume, René 8; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany  2: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK  3: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North A'ohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  4: NRC-Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  7: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 447 Issue 4, p3095; Subject Term: ERRATA (Publishing); Subject Term: PERIODICALS -- Articles; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: errata, addenda; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: Perseus B1-East; Author-Supplied Keyword: shock waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casewell, S. L.
AU  - Lawrie, K. A.
AU  - Maxted, P. F. L.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Fortney, J. J.
AU  - Rimmer, P. B.
AU  - Littlefair, S. P.
AU  - Wynn, G.
AU  - Burleigh, M. R.
AU  - Helling, Ch.
T1  - Multiwaveband photometry of the irradiated brown dwarf WD0137−349B.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/01/19/
VL  - 447
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3218
EP  - 3226
SN  - 00358711
AB  - WD0137−349 is a white dwarf–brown dwarf binary system in a 116 min orbit. We present radial velocity observations and multiwaveband photometry from V, R and I in the optical, to J, H and Ks in the near-IR and [3.6], [4.5], [5.8] and [8.0] μm in the mid-IR. The photometry and light curves show variability in all wavebands, with the amplitude peaking at [4.5] μm, where the system is also brightest. Fluxes and brightness temperatures were computed for the heated and unheated atmosphere of the brown dwarf (WD0137−349B) using synthetic spectra of the white dwarf using model atmosphere simulations. We show that the flux from the brown dwarf dayside is brighter than expected in the Ks and [4.5] μm bands when compared to models of irradiated brown dwarfs with full energy circulation and suggest this overluminosity may be attributed to H2 fluorescence or H$_{3}^{+}$ being generated in the atmosphere by the UV irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - white dwarfs
N1  - Accession Number: 101039006; Casewell, S. L. 1 Lawrie, K. A. 1 Maxted, P. F. L. 2 Marley, M. S. 3 Fortney, J. J. 4 Rimmer, P. B. 5 Littlefair, S. P. 6 Wynn, G. 1 Burleigh, M. R. 1 Helling, Ch. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK  2: Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 447 Issue 4, p3218; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: white dwarfs; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yeom, Kiwon
T1  - Morphological approach for autonomous and adaptive system: The construction of three-dimensional artificial model based on self-reconfigurable modular agents.
JO  - Neurocomputing
JF  - Neurocomputing
Y1  - 2015/01/19/
VL  - 148
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 111
SN  - 09252312
AB  - This paper presents a decentralized approach, inspired by biological cells, for the automatic construction of user-defined three-dimensional structures. Using high-level specification as an input, the proposed system enables the guaranteed construction of user-specified structures. By investigating the evolutionary aspects of morphogenesis, which is regulated by the interplay of the cell processes such as differential cell adhesion, gene-regulation, and inter-cellular signaling, an approach was developed that allows for the construction of an arbitrary structure via swarms of identical, independent, and autonomous multi-agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Neurocomputing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MORPHOGENESIS
KW  - ADAPTIVE computing systems
KW  - MULTIAGENT systems
KW  - CELL adhesion
KW  - GENETIC regulation
KW  - CELLULAR signal transduction
KW  - Federation of agents
KW  - Morphogeneis
KW  - Self-organization
KW  - Self-reconfiguration
N1  - Accession Number: 98575702; Yeom, Kiwon 1,2; Email Address: kiwon.yeom@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: San Jose State University Research Foundation, 210 N. Fourth Street, San Jose, CA 95112, USA; Source Info: Jan2015, Vol. 148, p100; Subject Term: MORPHOGENESIS; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE computing systems; Subject Term: MULTIAGENT systems; Subject Term: CELL adhesion; Subject Term: GENETIC regulation; Subject Term: CELLULAR signal transduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Federation of agents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Morphogeneis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-organization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-reconfiguration; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.neucom.2012.12.082
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=98575702&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cook, Amanda M.
AU  - Ricca, Alessandra
AU  - Mattioda, Andrew L.
AU  - Bouwman, Jordy
AU  - Roser, Joseph
AU  - Linnartz, Harold
AU  - Bregman, Jonathan
AU  - Allamandola, Louis J.
T1  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN COSMIC WATER ICE: THE ROLE OF PAH IONIZATION AND CONCENTRATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/01/20/
VL  - 799
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Infrared spectroscopic studies of ultraviolet (UV) irradiated, water-rich, cosmic ice analogs containing small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are described. The irradiation studies of anthracene:H2O, pyrene:H2O, and benzo[ghi]perylene:H2O ices (14 K) at various concentrations reported by Bouwman et al. are extended. While aromatic alcohols and ketones have been reported in residues after irradiated PAH:H2O ices were warmed to 270 K, it was not known if they formed during ice irradiation or during warm-up when reactants interact as H2O sublimes. Recent work has shown that they form in low temperature ice. Using DFT computed IR spectra to identify photoproducts and PAH cations, we tentatively identify the production of specific alcohols [PAH(OH)n] and quinones [PAH(O)n] for all PAH:H2O ices considered here. Little evidence is found for hydrogenation at 14 K, consistent with the findings of Gudipati & Yang. Addition of O and OH to the parent PAH is the dominant photochemical reaction, but PAH erosion to smaller PAHs (producing CO2 and H2CO) is also important. DFT spectra are used to assess the contribution of PAH-related species to interstellar absorption features from 5 to 9 μm. The case is made that PAH cations are important contributors to the C2 component and PAH(OH)n and PAH(O)n to the C5 component described by Boogert et al. Thus, interstellar ices should contain neutral and ionized PAHs, alcohols, ketones and quinones at the ∼2%-4% level relative to H2O. PAHs, their photoproducts, and ion-mediated processes should therefore be considered when modeling interstellar ice processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ANTHRACENE
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 100506101; Cook, Amanda M. 1 Ricca, Alessandra 2 Mattioda, Andrew L. 1 Bouwman, Jordy 3 Roser, Joseph 1 Linnartz, Harold 4 Bregman, Jonathan 1 Allamandola, Louis J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, PO Box 1, M/S 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 North Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Toernooiveld 5, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands  4: Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, PO Box 9513, NL2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Source Info: 1/20/2015, Vol. 799 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ANTHRACENE; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/14
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leggett, S. K.
AU  - Morley, Caroline V.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Saumon, D.
T1  - NEAR-INFRARED PHOTOMETRY OF Y DWARFS: LOW AMMONIA ABUNDANCE AND THE ONSET OF WATER CLOUDS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/01/20/
VL  - 799
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present new near-infrared photometry for seven late-type T dwarfs and nine Y-type dwarfs, and lower limit magnitudes for a tenth Y dwarf, obtained at Gemini Observatory. We also present a reanalysis of H-band imaging data from the Keck Observatory Archive, for an 11th Y dwarf. These data are combined with earlier MKO-system photometry, Spitzer and WISE mid-infrared photometry, and available trigonometric parallaxes, to create a sample of late-type brown dwarfs that includes 10 T9-T9.5 dwarfs or dwarf systems, and 16 Y dwarfs. We compare the data to our models, which include updated H2 and NH3 opacity, as well as low-temperature condensate clouds. The models qualitatively reproduce the trends seen in the observed colors; however, there are discrepancies of around a factor of two in flux for the Y0-Y1 dwarfs, with Teff ≈ 350-400 K. At Teff ∼ 400 K, the problems could be addressed by significantly reducing the NH3 absorption, for example by halving the abundance of NH3 possibly by vertical mixing. At Teff ∼ 350 K, the discrepancy may be resolved by incorporating thick water clouds. The onset of these clouds might occur over a narrow range in Teff, as indicated by the observed small change in 5 μm flux over a large change in J – W2 color. Of the known Y dwarfs, the reddest in J –W2 are WISEP J182831.08+265037.8 and WISE J085510.83–071442.5. We interpret the former as a pair of identical 300-350 K dwarfs, and the latter as a 250 K dwarf. If these objects are ∼3 Gyr old, their masses are ∼10 and ∼5 Jupiter-masses, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 100506029; Leggett, S. K. 1; Email Address: sleggett@gemini.edu Morley, Caroline V. 2 Marley, M. S. 3 Saumon, D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A'ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: 1/20/2015, Vol. 799 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/37
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Way, M. J.
AU  - Gazis, P. R.
AU  - Scargle, Jeffrey D.
T1  - STRUCTURE IN THE 3D GALAXY DISTRIBUTION. II. VOIDS AND WATERSHEDS OF LOCAL MAXIMA AND MINIMA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/01/20/
VL  - 799
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The major uncertainties in studies of the multi-scale structure of the universe arise not from observational errors but from the variety of legitimate definitions and detection methods for individual structures. To facilitate the study of these methodological dependencies, we have carried out 12 different analyses defining structures in various ways. This has been done in a purely geometrical way by utilizing the HOP algorithm as a unique parameter-free method of assigning groups of galaxies to local density maxima or minima. From three density estimation techniques (smoothing kernels, Bayesian blocks, and self-organizing maps) applied to three data sets (the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, the Millennium simulation, and randomly distributed points) we tabulate information that can be used to construct catalogs of structures connected to local density maxima and minima. We also introduce a void finder that utilizes a method to assemble Delaunay tetrahedra into connected structures and characterizes regions empty of galaxies in the source catalog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ALGORITHMS -- Research
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 100506051; Way, M. J. 1,2,3; Email Address: Michael.J.Way@nasa.gov Gazis, P. R. 3; Email Address: PGazis@sbcglobal.net Scargle, Jeffrey D. 3; Email Address: Jeffrey.D.Scargle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Also at NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA.  2: Also at Observational Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 1/20/2015, Vol. 799 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS -- Research; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/799/1/95
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rios, Andro C.
T1  - Impact synthesis of the RNA bases.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2015/01/20/
VL  - 112
IS  - 3
M3  - Opinion
SP  - 643
EP  - 644
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The article presents the author's views on a research conducted by researcher M. Ferus and colleagues in which they analyzed origin of the bio-organic molecules which is also known as prebiotic chemistry. Topics discussed includes selection of the nucleobases adenine, use of formamide chemical and prebiotic synthesis of nucleobases.
KW  - BIOORGANIC chemistry
KW  - PREBIOTICS
KW  - BASE pairs
KW  - ADENINE
KW  - FORMAMIDE
KW  - FERUS, M.
N1  - Accession Number: 103328423; Rios, Andro C. 1; Email Address: andro.c.rios@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 1/20/2015, Vol. 112 Issue 3, p643; Subject Term: BIOORGANIC chemistry; Subject Term: PREBIOTICS; Subject Term: BASE pairs; Subject Term: ADENINE; Subject Term: FORMAMIDE; People: FERUS, M.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Opinion
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1424273112
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin
T1  - Play it again, SAM.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/01/23/
VL  - 347
IS  - 6220
M3  - Opinion
SP  - 370
EP  - 371
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The author discusses aspects of studies within the issue by P. R. Mahaffy et al. and C. R. Webster et al. investigating the deuterium-hydrogen (D/H) ratio in a mudstone from planet Mars' Gale crater and the amount of methane on Mars, respectively, using the tunable laser spectrometer (TLS) in the Curiosity rover's Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) package. The D/H ratio in Mars’s air, which is 6 X standard mean ocean water (), planetary water, and atmospheric methane levels are discussed.
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - RATIO measurement
KW  - DEUTERIUM
KW  - HYDROGEN -- Analysis
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC methane -- Analysis
KW  - LASER spectroscopy
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 100585193; Zahnle, Kevin 1; Email Address: kevin.j.zahnle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mof ett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 1/23/2015, Vol. 347 Issue 6220, p370; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: RATIO measurement; Subject Term: DEUTERIUM; Subject Term: HYDROGEN -- Analysis; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC methane -- Analysis; Subject Term: LASER spectroscopy; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Opinion
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaa3687
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ho, Jimmy C.
T1  - Stiffness Constants of Homogeneous, Anisotropic, Prismatic Beams.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 473
EP  - 478
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper presents a complete set of analytical expressions for the stiffness constants of a generalized Euler-Bernoulli beam theory for homogeneous, anisotropic, prismatic beams with arbitrary cross-sectional shapes. These expressions are extracted from exact solutions of the linear equations of three-dimensional elasticity for the cases of loading by axial forces, torques, and bending moments about two orthogonal directions. Closed-form expressions are derived for the extensional stiffness and the extension-related coupling terms. Expressions for the remaining stiffness constants are derived in terms of the torsional stiffness: the expression of which is in terms of a function that needs to be obtained. The resulting expressions reveal both similarities and differences from its isotropic and orthotropic counterparts. For elliptical, anisotropic cross sections and rectangular, orthotropic cross sections, all stiffness constants are known in closed form. These closed-form expressions constitute a standard with which the ability of twodimensional beam cross-sectional analyses to model material anisotropy may be assessed. The calculated stiffness constants, from one such cross-sectional analysis, are successfully validated in this manner [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EULER-Bernoulli beam theory
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - ELASTICITY
N1  - Accession Number: 102656567; Ho, Jimmy C. 1; Email Address: jimmy.c.ho2.ctr@mail.mil; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center, Science and Technology Corporation, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p473; Subject Term: EULER-Bernoulli beam theory; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053194
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Golbabaei-Asl, Mona
AU  - Knight, Doyle
AU  - Wilkinson, Stephen
T1  - Novel Technique to Determine Spark Jet Efficiency.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 504
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article discusses a study on a novel technique to determine the efficiency of the SparkJet. The study examined the electromechanical efficiency of the SparkJet by comparing predictions of a theoretical model and experimental measurements. It constructed a prototype pendulum apparatus and SparkJet actuator to measure the impulse response of a single capacitive discharge. It suspended low-stiffness conductors between two screw-terminal blocks to fabricate a low-torque electrical coupling.
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL devices
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ACTUATORS -- Research
KW  - IMPULSE response
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges -- Research
KW  - ELECTRIC conductors -- Research
KW  - TORQUE
N1  - Accession Number: 102656571; Golbabaei-Asl, Mona 1 Knight, Doyle 2 Wilkinson, Stephen 3; Affiliation:  1: Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903  2: Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903  3: Aerospace Engineer, Flow Physics and Control Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p501; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL devices; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ACTUATORS -- Research; Subject Term: IMPULSE response; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges -- Research; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductors -- Research; Subject Term: TORQUE; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parmentier, Vivien
AU  - Guillot, Tristan
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan J.
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
T1  - A non-grey analytical model for irradiated atmospheres.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 574
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. The recent discovery and characterization of the diversity of the atmospheres of exoplanets and brown dwarfs calls for the development of fast and accurate analytical models. Aims. We wish to assess the goodness of the different approximations used to solve the radiative transfer problem in irradiated atmospheres analytically, and we aim to provide a useful tool for a fast computation of analytical temperature profiles that remains correct over a wide range of atmospheric characteristics. Methods. We quantify the accuracy of the analytical solution derived in paper I for an irradiated, non-grey atmosphere by comparing it to a state-of-the-art radiative transfer model. Then, using a grid of numerical models, we calibrate the different coeffcients of our analytical model for irradiated solar-composition atmospheres of giant exoplanets and brown dwarfs. Results. We show that the so-called Eddington approximation used to solve the angular dependency of the radiation field leads to relative errors of up to ~5% on the temperature profile. For grey or semi-grey atmospheres (i.e., when the visible and thermal opacities, respectively, can be considered independent of wavelength), we show that the presence of a convective zone has a limited effect on the radiative atmosphere above it and leads to modifications of the radiative temperature profile of approximately ~2%. However, for realistic non-grey planetary atmospheres, the presence of a convective zone that extends to optical depths smaller than unity can lead to changes in the radiative temperature profile on the order of 20% or more. When the convective zone is located at deeper levels (such as for strongly irradiated hot Jupiters), its effect on the radiative atmosphere is again on the same order (~2%) as in the semi-grey case. We show that the temperature inversion induced by a strong absorber in the optical, such as TiO or VO is mainly due to non-grey thermal effects reducing the ability of the upper atmosphere to cool down rather than an enhanced absorption of the stellar light as previously thought. Finally, we provide a functional form for the coeffcients of our analytical model for solar-composition giant exoplanets and brown dwarfs. This leads to fully analytical pressure-temperature profiles for irradiated atmospheres with a relative accuracy better than 10% for gravities between 2.5ms-2 and 250ms-2 and effective temperatures between 100K and 3000 K. This is a great improvement over the commonly used Eddington boundary condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - OPACITY (Optics)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - planet-star interactions
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - radiative transfer
KW  - stars: atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 100967397; Parmentier, Vivien 1,2; Email Address: vivien.parmentier@oca.eu Guillot, Tristan 1,2 Fortney, Jonathan J. 2 Marley, Mark S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire J.-L. Lagrange, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, BP 4229, 06304 Nice, France  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Mofett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 574, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: OPACITY (Optics); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: planet-star interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201323127
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pereira, Tiago M. D.
AU  - Uitenbroek, Han
T1  - RH 1.5D: a massively parallel code for multi-level radiative transfer with partial frequency redistribution and Zeeman polarisation.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 574
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The emergence of three-dimensional magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of stellar atmospheres has sparked a need for effcient radiative transfer codes to calculate detailed synthetic spectra. We present RH 1.5D, a massively parallel code based on the RH code and capable of performing Zeeman polarised multi-level non-local thermodynamical equilibrium calculations with partial frequency redistribution for an arbitrary amount of chemical species. The code calculates spectra from 3D, 2D or 1D atmospheric models on a column-by-column basis (or 1.5D). While the 1.5D approximation breaks down in the cores of very strong lines in an inhomogeneous environment, it is nevertheless suitable for a large range of scenarios and allows for faster convergence with finer control over the iteration of each simulation column. The code scales well to at least tens of thousands of CPU cores, and is publicly available. In the present work we briefly describe its inner workings, strategies for convergence optimisation, its parallelism, and some possible applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - ZEEMAN effect
KW  - POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves
KW  - CODING theory
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - LOCAL thermodynamic equilibrium
KW  - line: formation
KW  - methods: numerical
KW  - polarization
KW  - radiative transfer
KW  - stars: atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 100967467; Pereira, Tiago M. D. 1,2,3; Email Address: tiago.pereira@astro.uio.no Uitenbroek, Han 4; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Org. A021S, Bldg. 252, 3251 Hanover St., Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA  4: National Solar Observatory, Sacramento Peak, PO Box 62, Sunspot, NM 88349, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 574, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: ZEEMAN effect; Subject Term: POLARIZATION of electromagnetic waves; Subject Term: CODING theory; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: LOCAL thermodynamic equilibrium; Author-Supplied Keyword: line: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201424785
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campante, T. L.
AU  - Barclay, T.
AU  - Swift, J. J.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Adibekyan, V. Zh.
AU  - Cochran, W.
AU  - Burke, C. J.
AU  - Isaacson, H.
AU  - Quintana, E. V.
AU  - Davies, G. R.
AU  - Silva Aguirre, V.
AU  - Ragozzine, D.
AU  - Riddle, R.
AU  - Baranec, C.
AU  - Basu, S.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Metcalfe, T. S.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Handberg, R.
T1  - AN ANCIENT EXTRASOLAR SYSTEM WITH FIVE SUB-EARTH-SIZE PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/02//2/1/2015
VL  - 799
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The chemical composition of stars hosting small exoplanets (with radii less than four Earth radii) appears to be more diverse than that of gas-giant hosts, which tend to be metal-rich. This implies that small, including Earth-size, planets may have readily formed at earlier epochs in the universe's history when metals were more scarce. We report Kepler spacecraft observations of Kepler-444, a metal-poor Sun-like star from the old population of the Galactic thick disk and the host to a compact system of five transiting planets with sizes between those of Mercury and Venus. We validate this system as a true five-planet system orbiting the target star and provide a detailed characterization of its planetary and orbital parameters based on an analysis of the transit photometry. Kepler-444 is the densest star with detected solar-like oscillations. We use asteroseismology to directly measure a precise age of 11.2 ± 1.0 Gyr for the host star, indicating that Kepler-444 formed when the universe was less than 20% of its current age and making it the oldest known system of terrestrial-size planets. We thus show that Earth-size planets have formed throughout most of the universe's 13.8 billion year history, leaving open the possibility for the existence of ancient life in the Galaxy. The age of Kepler-444 not only suggests that thick-disk stars were among the hosts to the first Galactic planets, but may also help to pinpoint the beginning of the era of planet formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 100758873; Campante, T. L. 1,2; Email Address: campante@bison.ph.bham.ac.uk Barclay, T. 3,4 Swift, J. J. 5 Huber, D. 3,6,7 Adibekyan, V. Zh. 8,9 Cochran, W. 10 Burke, C. J. 3,6 Isaacson, H. 11 Quintana, E. V. 3,6 Davies, G. R. 1,2 Silva Aguirre, V. 2 Ragozzine, D. 12 Riddle, R. 13 Baranec, C. 14 Basu, S. 15 Chaplin, W. J. 1,2 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 2 Metcalfe, T. S. 2,16 Bedding, T. R. 2,7 Handberg, R. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  2: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 1st Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  5: Department of Astronomy and Department of Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue #100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia  8: Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  9: Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  10: Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA  11: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  12: Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA  13: Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  14: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA  15: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  16: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2015, Vol. 799 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/170
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gizis, John E.
AU  - Allers, Katelyn N.
AU  - Liu, Michael C.
AU  - Harris, Hugh C.
AU  - Faherty, Jacqueline K.
AU  - Burgasser, Adam J.
AU  - Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
T1  - WISEP J004701.06+680352.1: AN INTERMEDIATE SURFACE GRAVITY, DUSTY BROWN DWARF IN THE AB DOR MOVING GROUP.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/02//2/1/2015
VL  - 799
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present spectroscopy, astrometry, and photometry of the brown dwarf WISEP J004701.06+680352.1 (W0047+68), an unusually red field L dwarf at a distance of 12.2 ± 0.4 pc. The three-dimensional space motion identifies it as a member of the AB Dor Moving Group, an identification supported by our classification of W0047+68 as intermediate surface gravity (INT-G) using the Allers & Liu near-infrared classification system. This moving group membership implies near-solar metallicity, age ∼100-125 Myr, M ≈ 0.018 M☼, and log g ≈ 4.5; the thick condensate clouds needed to explain the infrared spectrum are, therefore, a result of surface gravity that is lower than that of ordinary field brown dwarfs. From the observed luminosity and evolutionary model radius, we find Teff ≈ 1300 K, a temperature normally associated with early T dwarfs. Thick clouds are also used to explain the spectral properties of directly imaged giant planets, and we discuss the successes and challenges for such substellar models in matching the observed optical and infrared spectra. W0047+68 shows that cloud thickness is more sensitive to intermediate surface gravity than in most models. We also present a trigonometric parallax of the dusty L6 dwarf 2MASS J21481628+4003593. It lies at 8.060 ± 0.036 parsecs; its astrometry is consistent with the view that it is older and metal-rich. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 100758909; Gizis, John E. 1,2 Allers, Katelyn N. 3,4 Liu, Michael C. 4,5 Harris, Hugh C. 6 Faherty, Jacqueline K. 7,8 Burgasser, Adam J. 9 Kirkpatrick, J. Davy 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA  4: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  5: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu HI 96822, USA  6: US Naval Observatory, Flagstaff Station, 10391 West Naval Observatory Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  7: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA  8: Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10034, USA  9: Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  10: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, MS 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2015, Vol. 799 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/203
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackie, C. J.
AU  - Peeters, E.
AU  - Bauschlicher Jr., C. W.
AU  - Cami, J.
T1  - CHARACTERIZING THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF SMALL, NEUTRAL, FULLY DEHYDROGENATED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/02//2/1/2015
VL  - 799
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the results of a computational study to investigate the infrared spectroscopic properties of a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules and their fully dehydrogenated counterparts. We constructed a database of fully optimized geometries for PAHs that is complete for eight or fewer fused benzene rings, thus containing 1550 PAHs and 805 fully dehydrogenated aromatics. A large fraction of the species in our database have clearly non-planar or curved geometries. For each species, we determined the frequencies and intensities of their normal modes using density functional theory calculations. Whereas most PAH spectra are fairly similar, the spectra of fully dehydrogenated aromatics are much more diverse. Nevertheless, these fully dehydrogenated species show characteristic emission features at 5.2 μm, 5.5 μm, and 10.6 μm; at longer wavelengths, there is a forest of emission features in the 16-30 μm range that appears as a structured continuum, but with a clear peak centered around 19 μm. We searched for these features in Spitzer-IRS spectra of various positions in the reflection nebula NGC 7023. We find a weak emission feature at 10.68 μm in all positions except that closest to the central star. We also find evidence for a weak 19 μm feature at all positions that is not likely due to C60. We interpret these features as tentative evidence for the presence of a small population of fully dehydrogenated PAHs, and discuss our results in the framework of PAH photolysis and the formation of fullerenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons -- Synthesis
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
N1  - Accession Number: 100758941; Mackie, C. J. 1,2; Email Address: mackie@strw.leidenuniv.nl Peeters, E. 1,3 Bauschlicher Jr., C. W. 4 Cami, J. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  2: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300RA, Leiden, The Netherlands  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2015, Vol. 799 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons -- Synthesis; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/131
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Metchev, Stanimir A.
AU  - Heinze, Aren
AU  - Apai, Dániel
AU  - Flateau, Davin
AU  - Radigan, Jacqueline
AU  - Burgasser, Adam
AU  - Marley, Mark S.
AU  - Artigau, Étienne
AU  - Plavchan, Peter
AU  - Goldman, Bertrand
T1  - WEATHER ON OTHER WORLDS. II. SURVEY RESULTS: SPOTS ARE UBIQUITOUS ON L AND T DWARFS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/02//2/1/2015
VL  - 799
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present results from the Weather on Other Worlds Spitzer Exploration Science program to investigate photometric variability in L and T dwarfs, usually attributed to patchy clouds. We surveyed 44 L3-T8 dwarfs, spanning a range of J – Ks colors and surface gravities. We find that 14/23 (, 95% confidence) of our single L3-L9.5 dwarfs are variable with peak-to-peak amplitudes between 0.2% and 1.5%, and 5/16 () of our single T0-T8 dwarfs are variable with amplitudes between 0.8% and 4.6%. After correcting for sensitivity, we find that of L dwarfs vary by ⩾0.2%, and of T dwarfs vary by ⩾0.4%. Given viewing geometry considerations, we conclude that photospheric heterogeneities causing >0.2% 3-5 μm flux variations are present on virtually all L dwarfs, and probably on most T dwarfs. A third of L dwarf variables show irregular light curves, indicating that L dwarfs may have multiple spots that evolve over a single rotation. Also, approximately a third of the periodicities are on timescales >10 hr, suggesting that slowly rotating brown dwarfs may be common. We observe an increase in the maximum amplitudes over the entire spectral type range, revealing a potential for greater temperature contrasts in T dwarfs than in L dwarfs. We find a tentative association (92% confidence) between low surface gravity and high-amplitude variability among L3-L5.5 dwarfs. Although we can not confirm whether lower gravity is also correlated with a higher incidence of variables, the result is promising for the characterization of directly imaged young extrasolar planets through variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARSPOTS
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STARS with planets
KW  - STELLAR rotation
N1  - Accession Number: 100758946; Metchev, Stanimir A. 1,2; Email Address: smetchev@uwo.ca Heinze, Aren 2 Apai, Dániel 3,4 Flateau, Davin 4 Radigan, Jacqueline 5 Burgasser, Adam 6 Marley, Mark S. 7 Artigau, Étienne 8 Plavchan, Peter 9 Goldman, Bertrand 10; Affiliation:  1: The University of Western Ontario, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 1151 Richmond Avenue, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  2: Stony Brook University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook, 100 Nicolls Road, NY 11794-3800, USA  3: The University of Arizona, Department of Astronomy, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: The University of Arizona, Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 East University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  6: University of California San Diego, Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Université de Montréal, Département de Physique and Observatoire du Mont Mégantic, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada  9: Missouri State University, Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, 901 South National Avenue, Springfield, MO 65897, USA  10: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117, Heidelberg, Germany; Source Info: 2/1/2015, Vol. 799 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STARS with planets; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/799/2/154
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Jingyi
AU  - Cleveland, Meredith
AU  - Ziemba, Luke D.
AU  - Griffin, Robert J.
AU  - Barsanti, Kelley C.
AU  - Pankow, James F.
AU  - Ying, Qi
T1  - Modeling regional secondary organic aerosol using the Master Chemical Mechanism.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 52
EP  - 61
SN  - 13522310
AB  - A modified near-explicit Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM, version 3.2) with 5727 species and 16,930 reactions and an equilibrium partitioning module was incorporated into the Community Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to predict the regional concentrations of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the eastern United States (US). In addition to the semi-volatile SOA from equilibrium partitioning, reactive surface uptake processes were used to simulate SOA formation due to isoprene epoxydiol, glyoxal and methylglyoxal. The CMAQ-MCM-SOA model was applied to simulate SOA formation during a two-week episode from August 28 to September 7, 2006. The southeastern US has the highest SOA, with a maximum episode-averaged concentration of ∼12 μg m −3 . Primary organic aerosol (POA) and SOA concentrations predicted by CMAQ-MCM-SOA agree well with AMS-derived hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) urban concentrations at the Moody Tower at the University of Houston. Predicted molecular properties of SOA (O/C, H/C, N/C and OM/OC ratios) at the site are similar to those reported in other urban areas, and O/C values agree with measured O/C at the same site. Isoprene epoxydiol is predicted to be the largest contributor to total SOA concentration in the southeast US, followed by methylglyoxal and glyoxal. The semi-volatile SOA components are dominated by products from β-caryophyllene oxidation, but the major species and their concentrations are sensitive to errors in saturation vapor pressure estimation. A uniform decrease of saturation vapor pressure by a factor of 100 for all condensable compounds can lead to a 150% increase in total SOA. A sensitivity simulation with UNIFAC-calculated activity coefficients (ignoring phase separation and water molecule partitioning into the organic phase) led to a 10% change in the predicted semi-volatile SOA concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - CHEMICAL species
KW  - VOLATILE organic compounds
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - CMAQ model
KW  - Glyoxal
KW  - Isoprene epoxydiol
KW  - MCMv3.2
KW  - Surface reactive uptake
N1  - Accession Number: 100411182; Li, Jingyi 1 Cleveland, Meredith 2 Ziemba, Luke D. 3 Griffin, Robert J. 4 Barsanti, Kelley C. 5 Pankow, James F. 5 Ying, Qi 1; Email Address: qying@civil.tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: SRA International, Washington, DC 20005, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA  5: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Portland State University, OR 97021, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 102, p52; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: CHEMICAL species; Subject Term: VOLATILE organic compounds; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAQ model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glyoxal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isoprene epoxydiol; Author-Supplied Keyword: MCMv3.2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface reactive uptake; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, W.
AU  - Corbett, J.
AU  - Eitzen, Z.
AU  - Liang, L.
T1  - Next-generation angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from CERES instruments: methodology.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 611
EP  - 632
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes are critical components to advancing our understanding of the Earth's radiative energy balance, radiative effects of clouds and aerosols, and climate feedback. The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments provide broadband shortwave and longwave radiance measurements. These radiances are converted to fluxes by using scene-type-dependent angular distribution models (ADMs). This paper describes the next-generation ADMs that are developed for Terra and Aqua using all available CERES rotating azimuth plane radiance measurements. Coincident cloud and aerosol retrievals, and radiance measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and meteorological parameters from Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS) data assimilation version 5.4.1 are used to define scene type. CERES radiance measurements are stratified by scene type and by other parameters that are important for determining the anisotropy of the given scene type. Anisotropic factors are then defined either for discrete intervals of relevant parameters or as a continuous functions of combined parameters, depending on the scene type. Significant differences between the ADMs described in this paper and the existing ADMs are over clear-sky scene types and polar scene types. Over clear ocean, we developed a set of shortwave (SW) ADMs that explicitly account for aerosols. Over clear land, the SW ADMs are developed for every 1° latitude×1° longitude region for every calendar month using a kernel-based bidirectional reflectance model. Over clear Antarctic scenes, SW ADMs are developed by accounting the effects of sastrugi on anisotropy. Over sea ice, a sea-ice brightness index is used to classify the scene type. Under cloudy conditions over all surface types, the longwave (LW) and window (WN) ADMs are developed by combining surface and cloud-top temperature, surface and cloud emissivity, cloud fraction, and precipitable water. Compared to the existing ADMs, the new ADMs change the monthly mean instantaneous fluxes by up to 5Wm–2 on a regional scale of 1° latitude×1° longitude, but the flux changes are less than 0.5Wm–2 on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Remote sensing
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - FLUX (Metallurgy)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ETHNOMETHODOLOGY
KW  - METHODOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 101360692; Su, W. 1; Email Address: wenying.su-1@nasa.gov Corbett, J. 2 Eitzen, Z. 2 Liang, L. 2; Affiliation:  1: MS420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p611; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: FLUX (Metallurgy); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ETHNOMETHODOLOGY; Subject Term: METHODOLOGY; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-611-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fauchez, T.
AU  - Dubuisson, P.
AU  - Cornet, C.
AU  - Szczap, F.
AU  - Garnier, A.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Meyer, K.
T1  - Impacts of cloud heterogeneities on cirrus optical properties retrieved from space-based thermal infrared radiometry.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 633
EP  - 647
SN  - 18671381
AB  - This paper presents a study, based on simulations, of the impact of cirrus cloud heterogeneities on the retrieval of cloud parameters (optical thickness and effective diameter) for the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) on board CALIPSO. Cirrus clouds are generated by the stochastic model 3DCLOUD for two different cloud fields and for several averaged cloud parameters. One cloud field is obtained from a cirrus observed on 25 May 2007 during the airborne campaign CIRCLE-2 and the other is a cirrus uncinus. The radiative transfer is simulated with the 3DMCPOL code. To assess the errors due to cloud heterogeneities, two related retrieval algorithms are used: (i) the split-window technique to retrieve the ice crystal effective diameter and (ii) an algorithm similar to the IIR operational algorithm to retrieve the effective emissivity and the effective optical thickness. Differences between input parameters and retrieved parameters are compared as a function of different cloud properties such as the mean optical thickness, the heterogeneity parameter and the effective diameter. The optical thickness heterogeneity for each 1 km×1 km observation pixel is represented by the optical thickness standard deviation computed using 100m×100 m subpixels. We show that optical thickness heterogeneity may have a strong impact on the retrieved parameters, mainly due to the plane-parallel approximation (PPA assumption). In particular, for cirrus clouds with ice crystal diameter of approximately 10 μm, the averaged error on the retrieved effective diameter and optical thickness is about 2.5 μm (~25 %) and –0.20 (~12 %), respectively. Then, these biases decrease with increasing effective size due to a decrease of the cloud absorption and, thus, the PPA bias. Cloud horizontal heterogeneity effects are greater than other possible sources of retrieval errors such as those due to cloud vertical heterogeneity impact, surface temperature or atmospheric temperature profile uncertainty and IIR retrieval uncertainty. Cloud horizontal heterogeneity effects are larger than the IIR retrieval uncertainty if the standard deviation of the optical thickness, inside the observation pixel, is greater than 1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Diurnal variations
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - OPTICAL measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 101360693; Fauchez, T. 1 Dubuisson, P. 1 Cornet, C. 1; Email Address: celine.cornet@univ-lille1.fr Szczap, F. 2 Garnier, A. 3,4 Pelon, J. 5 Meyer, K. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France  2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique, Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont Ferrand, France  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  5: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UPMC-UVSQ-CNRS, Paris, France  6: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR), Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p633; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Diurnal variations; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: OPTICAL measurements; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-633-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nault, B. A.
AU  - Garland, C.
AU  - Pusede, S. E.
AU  - Wooldridge, P. J.
AU  - Ullmann, K.
AU  - Hall, S. R.
AU  - Cohen, R. C.
T1  - Measurements of CH3O2NO2 in the upper troposphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 987
EP  - 997
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Methyl peroxy nitrate (CH3O2NO2) is a nonacyl peroxy nitrate that is important for photochemistry at low temperatures characteristic of the upper troposphere. We report the first measurements of CH3O2NO2, which we achieved through a new aircraft inlet configuration, combined with thermal-dissociation laser-induced fluorescence (TD-LIF) detection of NO2, and describe the accuracy, specificity, and interferences to CH3O2NO2 measurements. CH3O2NO2 is predicted to be a ubiquitous interference to upper-tropospheric NO2 measurements. We describe an experimental strategy for obtaining NO2 observations free of the CH3O2NO2 interference. Using these new methods, we made observations during two recent aircraft campaigns: the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry (DC-3) and the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) experiments. The CH3O2NO2 measurements we report have a detection limit (S/N = 2) of 15 pptv at 1 min averaging on a background of 200 pptv NO2 and an accuracy of ±40 %. Observations are used to constrain the interference of pernitric acid (HO2NO2) to the CH3O2NO2 measurements, as HO2NO2 partially decomposes (~11 %) along with CH3O2NO2 in the heated CH3O2NO2 channel used to detect CH3O2NO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - METHYLPEROXY group
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - LASER-induced fluorescence
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 101360715; Nault, B. A. 1 Garland, C. 2 Pusede, S. E. 2,3 Wooldridge, P. J. 2 Ullmann, K. 4 Hall, S. R. 4 Cohen, R. C. 1,2; Email Address: rccohen@berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p987; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: METHYLPEROXY group; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: LASER-induced fluorescence; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-987-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101360715&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, A.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Trepte, C. R.
AU  - Dubuisson, P.
T1  - Optical depths of semi-transparent cirrus clouds over oceans from CALIPSO infrared radiometer and lidar measurements, and an evaluation of the lidar multiple scattering factor.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2143
EP  - 2189
SN  - 18678610
AB  - This paper provides a detailed evaluation of cloud absorption optical depths retrieved at 12.05 μm and comparisons to extinction optical depths retrieved at 0.532 μm from perfectly co-located observations of single-layered semi-transparent cirrus over ocean made by the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) and the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) flying on-board the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite. The blackbody radiance taken in the IIR Version 3 algorithm is evaluated, and IIR retrievals are corrected accordingly. IIR infrared absorption optical depths are then compared to CALIOP visible extinction optical depths when the latter can be directly derived from the measured apparent 2- way transmittance through the cloud. Numerical simulations and IIR retrievals of ice crystal sizes suggest that the ratios of CALIOP extinction and IIR absorption optical depths should remain roughly constant with respect to temperature. Instead, these ratios are found to increase quasi-linearly by about 40% as the temperature at the layer centroid altitude decreases from 240 to 200 K. This behavior is explained by variations of the multiple scattering factor ηT to be applied to correct the measured transmittance, which is taken equal to 0.6 in the CALIOP Version 3 algorithm, and which is found here to vary with temperature (and hence cloud particle size) from ηT = 0.8 at 200 K to ηT = 0.5 at 240 K for clouds with optical depth larger than 0.3. The revised parameterization of ηT introduces a concomitant temperature dependence in the simultaneously derived CALIOP lidar ratios that is consistent with observed changes in CALIOP depolarization ratios and particle habits derived from IIR measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - RADAR -- Optical equipment
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments
N1  - Accession Number: 101365913; Garnier, A. 1; Email Address: anne.garnier@latmos.ipsl.fr Pelon, J. 2 Vaughan, M. A. 3 Winker, D. M. 3 Trepte, C. R. 3 Dubuisson, P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  2: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UPMC-UVSQ-CNRS, Paris, France  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université Lille 1, Lille, France; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p2143; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: RADAR -- Optical equipment; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811219 Other Electronic and Precision Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-8-2143-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101365913&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shuman, Jacquelyn K.
AU  - Tchebakova, Nadezhda M.
AU  - Parfenova, Elena I.
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Shugart, Herman H.
AU  - Ershov, Dmitry
AU  - Holcomb, Katherine
T1  - Forest forecasting with vegetation models across Russia1.
JO  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
JF  - Canadian Journal of Forest Research
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 45
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 175
EP  - 184
PB  - Canadian Science Publishing
SN  - 00455067
AB  - Vegetation models are essential tools for projecting large-scale land-cover response to changing climate, which is expected to alter the distribution of biomes and individual species. A large-scale bioclimatic envelope model (RuBCliM) and an individual species based gap model (UVAFME) are used to simulate the Russian forests under current and future climate for two greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Results for current conditions are compared between models and assessed against two independent maps of Russian forest biomes and dominant tree species. Comparisons measured with kappa statistics indicate good agreement between the models (kappa values from 0.76 to 0.69), as well as between the model results and two observation-based maps for both species presence and absence (kappa values from 0.70 to 0.43). Agreement between these multiple types of data on forest distribution provides confidence in the projected forest response to changing climate. For future conditions, both models indicate a shift in the dominant biomes from conifers to deciduous leaved species. These projections have implications for feedbacks between the energy budget, carbon cycle, and land cover in the boreal system. The distinct biome and species changes emphasize the need for continued investigation of this landmass that has the size necessary to influence regional and global climate. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Les modèles de végétation sont des outils essentiels pour simuler la réaction à grande échelle de la couverture terrestre aux changements climatiques qui devraient modifier la répartition des biomes et des espèces. Un modèle d'enveloppe bioclimatique à grande échelle (RuBCliM) et un modèle de trouée fondé sur les espèces individuelles (UVAFME) sont utilisés pour simuler les forêts russes dans les conditions climatiques actuelles et futures selon deux scénarios d'émission de gaz à effet de serre. Les résultats des modèles dans les conditions actuelles sont comparés entre eux et évalués en prenant comme référence deux cartes indépendantes des espèces d'arbre dominantes et des biomes forestiers russes. Les statistiques kappa des comparaisons indiquent qu'il y a une bonne concordance entre les modèles (valeurs de kappa de 0,76 à 0,69), ainsi qu'entre les résultats des modèles et les deux cartes basées sur l'observation tant de la présence que de l'absence des espèces (valeurs de kappa de 0,70 à 0,43). La concordance entre ces multiples types de données sur la distribution de la forêt permet d'avoir confiance dans la réaction anticipée de la forêt aux changements climatiques. Dans le cas des conditions futures, les deux modèles prévoient un changement des biomes dominants en passant des conifères aux espèces à feuilles caduques. Ces prévisions ont des implications sur les rétroactions entre le bilan énergétique, le cycle du carbone et la couverture terrestre dans le système boréal. Les changements nets d'espèces et de biomes font ressortir la nécessité de poursuivre l'étude de ce territoire dont la taille est suffisante pour influencer le climat régional et mondial. [Traduit par la Rédaction] (French) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Canadian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - BIOMES
KW  - PLANT species
KW  - BIOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - GREENHOUSE gas mitigation
KW  - RUSSIA
KW  - bioclimatic model
KW  - biomass
KW  - boreal forest
KW  - carbon
KW  - carbone
KW  - changements climatiques
KW  - forêt boréale
KW  - gap model
KW  - modélisation
KW  - modeling
KW  - validation
KW  - carbone
KW  - changements climatiques
KW  - forêt boréale
KW  - modélisation
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 100630390; Shuman, Jacquelyn K. 1 Tchebakova, Nadezhda M. 2 Parfenova, Elena I. 2 Soja, Amber J. 3 Shugart, Herman H. 1 Ershov, Dmitry 4 Holcomb, Katherine 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, Clark Hall, 291 McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA.  2: Sukachev Institute of Forest, Russian Academy of Sciences, Krasnoyarsk, Russia.  3: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Climate Science and Radiation and Aerosols Branches, 21 Langley Blvd. MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681, USA.  4: Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.  5: University of Virginia, Alliance for Computational Science and Engineering, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, USA.; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 45 Issue 2, p175; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: BIOMES; Subject Term: PLANT species; Subject Term: BIOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gas mitigation; Subject Term: RUSSIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: bioclimatic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: biomass; Author-Supplied Keyword: boreal forest; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbone; Author-Supplied Keyword: changements climatiques; Author-Supplied Keyword: forêt boréale; Author-Supplied Keyword: gap model; Author-Supplied Keyword: modélisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbone; Author-Supplied Keyword: changements climatiques; Author-Supplied Keyword: forêt boréale; Author-Supplied Keyword: modélisation; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: French; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1139/cjfr-2014-0138
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100630390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Xiaoming
AU  - Zhang, Liuyang
AU  - Zheng, Meng
AU  - Park, Cheol
AU  - Wang, Xianqiao
AU  - Ke, Changhong
T1  - Quantitative nanomechanical characterization of the van der Waals interfaces between carbon nanotubes and epoxy.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 82
M3  - Article
SP  - 214
EP  - 228
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Interfacial interactions between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polymer matrices play a critical role in the bulk mechanical performance of CNT-reinforced polymer nanocomposites, but their mechanisms remain elusive after over a decade of research. Here we present an in situ electron microscopy nanomechanical study of the non-covalent van der Waals interfaces between individual CNTs and epoxy resins in conjunction with atomistic simulations. By pulling out individual double-walled CNTs from Epon 828 films inside a high resolution electron microscope, the nanomechanical measurements capture the shear lag effect on CNT–epoxy interfaces. The maximum pull-out load of CNT–epoxy interfaces is found to be about 44% higher than the recently reported value for CNT–poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) interfaces that were characterized using the same experimental technique and the same batch of dispersed CNTs. The higher interfacial strength of CNT–epoxy interfaces is partially attributed to the forced molecular deformations of aromatic rings in epoxy chains in the vicinity of the binding interface, which is supported by molecular dynamics simulations of the CNT–polymer interfacial interactions. The research findings contribute to a better understanding of the local load transfer on the tube–polymer interface and the tube’s reinforcing mechanism, and ultimately the optimal design and performance of nanotube-reinforced polymer nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOMECHANICS
KW  - VAN der Waals forces
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - BULK solids
N1  - Accession Number: 99795238; Chen, Xiaoming 1 Zhang, Liuyang 2 Zheng, Meng 1 Park, Cheol 3,4 Wang, Xianqiao 2; Email Address: xqwang@uga.edu Ke, Changhong 1; Email Address: cke@binghamton.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA  2: College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 82, p214; Subject Term: NANOMECHANICS; Subject Term: VAN der Waals forces; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Subject Term: BULK solids; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.10.065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
T1  - Oxygen diffusivity in alumina scales grown on Al-MAX phases.
JO  - Corrosion Science
JF  - Corrosion Science
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 91
M3  - Article
SP  - 281
EP  - 286
SN  - 0010938X
AB  - Ti 3 AlC 2 , Ti 2 AlC, and Cr 2 AlC are oxidation resistant MAX phase compounds distinguished by the formation of protective Al 2 O 3 scales with well controlled kinetics. A modified Wagner treatment was used to calculate interfacial grain boundary diffusivity from scale growth rates and corresponding interfacial grain size, based on the pressure dependence of oxygen vacancies and diffusivity. MAX phase data from the literature yielded grain boundary diffusivity nearly coincident with that for Zr-doped FeCrAl (and many other FeCrAl alloys), suggesting similar oxidation mechanisms. The consolidated body of diffusivity data was consistent with an activation energy of 375 ± 25 kJ/mol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Corrosion Science is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - GRAIN size
KW  - ACTIVATION energy
KW  - A. Ceramic
KW  - B. Thermal cycling
KW  - C. High temperature corrosion
KW  - C. Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 100025090; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: james.l.smialek@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 91, p281; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: GRAIN size; Subject Term: ACTIVATION energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Ceramic; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Thermal cycling; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. High temperature corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.corsci.2014.11.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perdomo-Ortiz, A.
AU  - Fluegemann, J.
AU  - Narasimhan, S.
AU  - Biswas, R.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V.N.
T1  - A quantum annealing approach for fault detection and diagnosis of graph-based systems.
JO  - European Physical Journal: Special Topics
JF  - European Physical Journal: Special Topics
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 224
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 148
SN  - 19516355
AB  - Diagnosing the minimal set of faults capable of explaining a set of given observations, e.g., from sensor readouts, is a hard combinatorial optimization problem usually tackled with artificial intelligence techniques. We present the mapping of this combinatorial problem to quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO), and the experimental results of instances embedded onto a quantum annealing device with 509 quantum bits. Besides being the first time a quantum approach has been proposed for problems in the advanced diagnostics community, to the best of our knowledge this work is also the first research utilizing the route Problem → QUBO → Direct embedding into quantum hardware, where we are able to implement and tackle problem instances with sizes that go beyond previously reported toy-model proof-of-principle quantum annealing implementations; this is a significant leap in the solution of problems via direct-embedding adiabatic quantum optimization. We discuss some of the programmability challenges in the current generation of the quantum device as well as a few possible ways to extend this work to more complex arbitrary network graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Physical Journal: Special Topics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 100781156; Perdomo-Ortiz, A.; Email Address: alejandro.perdomoortiz@nasa.gov Fluegemann, J. Narasimhan, S. 1 Biswas, R. 2 Smelyanskiy, V.N. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of California Santa Cruz @NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Moffett Field 94035 USA  2: Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 224 Issue 1, p131; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1140/epjst/e2015-02347-y
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100781156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - O'Gorman, B.
AU  - Babbush, R.
AU  - Perdomo-Ortiz, A.
AU  - Aspuru-Guzik, A.
AU  - Smelyanskiy, V.
T1  - Bayesian network structure learning using quantum annealing.
JO  - European Physical Journal: Special Topics
JF  - European Physical Journal: Special Topics
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 224
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 188
SN  - 19516355
AB  - We introduce a method for the problem of learning the structure of a Bayesian network using the quantum adiabatic algorithm. We do so by introducing an efficient reformulation of a standard posterior-probability scoring function on graphs as a pseudo-Boolean function, which is equivalent to a system of 2-body Ising spins, as well as suitable penalty terms for enforcing the constraints necessary for the reformulation; our proposed method requires 퓞( n) qubits for n Bayesian network variables. Furthermore, we prove lower bounds on the necessary weighting of these penalty terms. The logical structure resulting from the mapping has the appealing property that it is instance-independent for a given number of Bayesian network variables, as well as being independent of the number of data cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Physical Journal: Special Topics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 100781154; O'Gorman, B. 1 Babbush, R. 1 Perdomo-Ortiz, A. 2 Aspuru-Guzik, A. 1 Smelyanskiy, V. 2; Email Address: vadim.n.smelyanskiy@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge USA  2: Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 224 Issue 1, p163; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1140/epjst/e2015-02349-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100781154&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berg, L. K.
AU  - Shrivastava, M.
AU  - Easter, R. C.
AU  - Fast, J. D.
AU  - Chapman, E. G.
AU  - Liu, Y.
AU  - Ferrare, R. A.
T1  - A new WRF-Chem treatment for studying regional-scale impacts of cloud processes on aerosol and trace gases in parameterized cumuli.
JO  - Geoscientific Model Development
JF  - Geoscientific Model Development
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 409
EP  - 429
SN  - 1991959X
AB  - A new treatment of cloud effects on aerosol and trace gases within parameterized shallow and deep convection, and aerosol effects on cloud droplet number, has been implemented in theWeather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) version 3.2.1 that can be used to better understand the aerosol life cycle over regional to synoptic scales. The modifications to the model include treatment of the cloud droplet number mixing ratio; key cloud microphysical and macrophysical parameters (including the updraft fractional area, updraft and downdraft mass fluxes, and entrainment) averaged over the population of shallow clouds, or a single deep convective cloud; and vertical transport, activation/resuspension, aqueous chemistry, and wet removal of aerosol and trace gases in warm clouds. These changes have been implemented in both the WRFChem chemistry packages as well as the Kain–Fritsch (KF) cumulus parameterization that has been modified to better represent shallow convective clouds. Testing of the modified WRF-Chem has been completed using observations from the Cumulus Humilis Aerosol Processing Study (CHAPS). The simulation results are used to investigate the impact of cloud–aerosol interactions on regional-scale transport of black carbon (BC), organic aerosol (OA), and sulfate aerosol. Based on the simulations presented here, changes in the columnintegrated BC can be as large as –50% when cloud–aerosol interactions are considered (due largely to wet removal), or as large as C40% for sulfate under non-precipitating conditions due to sulfate production in the parameterized clouds. The modifications to WRF-Chem are found to account for changes in the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) and changes in the chemical composition of cloud droplet residuals in a way that is consistent with observations collected during CHAPS. Efforts are currently underway to port the changes described here to the latest version of WRFChem, and it is anticipated that they will be included in a future public release of WRF-Chem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geoscientific Model Development is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - CLOUD droplets
KW  - SHALLOW-water equations
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - GLOBAL modeling systems
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 101390997; Berg, L. K. 1; Email Address: larry.berg@pnnl.gov Shrivastava, M. 1 Easter, R. C. 1 Fast, J. D. 1 Chapman, E. G. 1 Liu, Y. 1 Ferrare, R. A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 2, p409; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: CLOUD droplets; Subject Term: SHALLOW-water equations; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: GLOBAL modeling systems; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/gmd-8-409-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101390997&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martre, Pierre
AU  - Wallach, Daniel
AU  - Asseng, Senthold
AU  - Ewert, Frank
AU  - Jones, James W.
AU  - Rötter, Reimund P.
AU  - Boote, Kenneth J.
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Thorburn, Peter J.
AU  - Cammarano, Davide
AU  - Hatfield, Jerry L.
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
AU  - Aggarwal, Pramod K.
AU  - Angulo, Carlos
AU  - Basso, Bruno
AU  - Bertuzzi, Patrick
AU  - Biernath, Christian
AU  - Brisson, Nadine
AU  - Challinor, Andrew J.
AU  - Doltra, Jordi
T1  - Multimodel ensembles of wheat growth: many models are better than one.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 911
EP  - 925
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. Therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. Studies with ensembles of crop models can give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. We report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulating multiple crop growth and yield variables. The relative error averaged over models was 24-38% for the different end-of-season variables including grain yield ( GY) and grain protein concentration ( GPC). There was little relation between error of a model for GY or GPC and error for in-season variables. Thus, most models did not arrive at accurate simulations of GY and GPC by accurately simulating preceding growth dynamics. Ensemble simulations, taking either the mean (e-mean) or median (e-median) of simulated values, gave better estimates than any individual model when all variables were considered. Compared to individual models, e-median ranked first in simulating measured GY and third in GPC. The error of e-mean and e-median declined with an increasing number of ensemble members, with little decrease beyond 10 models. We conclude that multimodel ensembles can be used to create new estimators with improved accuracy and consistency in simulating growth dynamics. We argue that these results are applicable to other crop species, and hypothesize that they apply more generally to ecological system models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHEAT
KW  - PLANT growth
KW  - CROP management
KW  - CROP yields
KW  - GRAIN proteins
KW  - ecophysiological model
KW  - ensemble modeling
KW  - model intercomparison
KW  - process-based model
KW  - uncertainty
KW  - wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)
N1  - Accession Number: 100631725; Martre, Pierre 1,2 Wallach, Daniel 3 Asseng, Senthold 4 Ewert, Frank 5 Jones, James W. 4 Rötter, Reimund P. 6 Boote, Kenneth J. 4 Ruane, Alex C. 7 Thorburn, Peter J. 8 Cammarano, Davide 4 Hatfield, Jerry L. 9 Rosenzweig, Cynthia 7 Aggarwal, Pramod K. 10 Angulo, Carlos 5 Basso, Bruno 11 Bertuzzi, Patrick 12 Biernath, Christian 13 Brisson, Nadine 14,15 Challinor, Andrew J. 16,17 Doltra, Jordi 18; Affiliation:  1: INRA UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals (GDEC)  2: Blaise Pascal University UMR1095 GDEC  3: INRA UMR1248 Agrosystèmes et Développement Territorial  4: Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida  5: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation Universität Bonn  6: Plant Production Research MTT Agrifood Research Finland  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies  8: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Ecosystem Sciences  9: National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment  10: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security International Water Management Institute  11: Department of Geological Sciences and Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University  12: INRA US1116 AgroClim  13: Institute of Soil Ecology Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health  14: INRA UMR0211 Agronomie  15: AgroParisTech UMR0211 Agronomie  16: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds  17: CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security International Centre for Tropical Agriculture  18: Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p911; Subject Term: WHEAT; Subject Term: PLANT growth; Subject Term: CROP management; Subject Term: CROP yields; Subject Term: GRAIN proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: ecophysiological model; Author-Supplied Keyword: ensemble modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: model intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: process-based model; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 111422 Floriculture Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.12768
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Fei
AU  - Yan, Jianguo
AU  - Xu, Luyuan
AU  - Jin, Shuanggen
AU  - Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Dohm, James H.
T1  - A 10 km-resolution synthetic Venus gravity field model based on topography.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 247
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 111
SN  - 00191035
AB  - A high resolution gravity field model is extremely important in the exploration of Venus. In this paper, we present a 3-dimensional Venus gravity field VGM2014 constructed by using the latest gravity and topography models, residual terrain model (RTM) and the Airy–Heiskanen isostatic compensation model. The VGM2014 is the first 10 km scale Venus gravity field model; the final results are representations of the 3-dimensional surface gravity accelerations and gravity disturbances for Venus. We found that the optimal global compensation depth of Venus is about 60 km, and the crustal density is potentially less than the commonly accepted value of 2700–2900 kg m −3 . This model will be potentially beneficial for the precise orbit determination and landing navigation of spacecraft around Venus, and may be utilized as a priori model for Venus gravity field simulation and inversion studies. The VGM2014 does not incorporate direct gravity information beyond degree 70 and it is not recommended for small-scale geophysical interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - TOPOGRAPHY
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - Geophysics
KW  - Interior
KW  - Venus
N1  - Accession Number: 108341932; Li, Fei 1 Yan, Jianguo 1,2 Xu, Luyuan 3 Jin, Shuanggen 4 Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. 5 Dohm, James H. 6; Affiliation:  1: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China  2: RISE Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Oshu 0230861, Japan  3: Chinese Antarctic Center of Surveying and Mapping, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China  4: Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 20030, China  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 247, p103; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: TOPOGRAPHY; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geophysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.052
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuet, Stefan
AU  - Timucin, Dogan
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin
T1  - Physics-Based Precursor Wiring Diagnostics for Shielded-Twisted-Pair Cable.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 378
EP  - 391
SN  - 00189456
AB  - The capability to locate and characterize precursor wiring faults, such as chafing or pinching potentially enables preventive maintenance well before hard failures occur, thus maximizing system functionality and safety while minimizing out-of-service time. Toward this goal, results are presented on the application of a deterministic Bayesian inference procedure well suited for detecting chafing and pinch faults through the use of a newly developed physics-based model for shielded-twisted-pair cable. This method is significantly faster than more traditional nondeterministic Bayesian methods, such as Markov chain Monte Carlo, and retains many of the desirable features inherent to the Bayesian approach. These include the ability to quantify estimation uncertainty and model evidence in probabilistic terms, which then enables the study and design of noise-tolerant fault detection algorithms capable of classifying different types of faults. The fault parameter estimation results from both laboratory and field measurements on a C17 jet engine are shown to demonstrate the achievable model fidelity and the overall viability of the approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC wiring
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics)
KW  - TWISTED pair cables
KW  - MARKOV chain Monte Carlo
KW  - Bayes methods
KW  - Bayesian methods
KW  - Cable shielding
KW  - electromagnetic modeling
KW  - Fault detection
KW  - fault diagnosis
KW  - Impedance
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - measurement uncertainty
KW  - optimization methods
KW  - probability
KW  - scattering parameters
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - wiring
N1  - Accession Number: 100246470; Schuet, Stefan 1 Timucin, Dogan 1 Wheeler, Kevin 1; Affiliation:  1: , NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 64 Issue 2, p378; Subject Term: ELECTRIC wiring; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics); Subject Term: TWISTED pair cables; Subject Term: MARKOV chain Monte Carlo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayes methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cable shielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: electromagnetic modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impedance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: measurement uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: optimization methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: probability; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: wiring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2014.2347216
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunn, Mark H.
AU  - Tinetti, Ana F.
AU  - Nark, Douglas M.
T1  - Open rotor noise prediction using the time domain formulations of Farassat.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 86
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - During his career at the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Feridoun (Feri) Farassat (1944-2011) made significant contributions to the understanding of open rotor (OR) noise generating mechanisms and to the development of OR aeroacoustic prediction technology. His time domain solutions of the Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings equation for surfaces in arbitrary motion are valid over all flight speeds ranging from subsonic through transonic to supersonic, and have led to the creation of several open rotor noise prediction programs. Two of these solutions, known as Formulation 1A and Formulation 3, are described here and have been implemented in the open rotor noise prediction codes ASSPIN (Advanced Subsonic and Supersonic Propeller Induced Noise) and ASSPIN2. Validation studies comparing noise predictions made with these codes to measured noise data are presented for a full-scale, single-rotation propfan at cruise conditions and for sub-scale, contra-rotating rotors at take-off conditions. In his later years, Farassat collaborated with the authors on the development of level 1 (non-CFD) blade aerodynamics codes for providing low-cost, time domain, blade surface pressure data for ASSPIN2 input. Use of the level 1 aerodynamics codes and their interaction with ASSPIN2 are demonstrated with noise radiation studies for a model SR7 open rotor at take-off and cruise conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - TRANSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FARASSAT, Fereidoun
N1  - Accession Number: 101314073; Dunn, Mark H. 1 Tinetti, Ana F. 1 Nark, Douglas M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Consultants, Yorktown, VA 23693, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 14 Issue 1/2, p51; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: TRANSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; People: FARASSAT, Fereidoun; Number of Pages: 36p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1260/1475-472X.14.1-2.51
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A. E.
T1  - The scaling of broadband shock-associated noise with increasing temperature.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 305
EP  - 326
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - A physical explanation for the saturation of broadband shock-associated noise (BBSAN) intensity with increasing jet stagnation temperature has eluded investigators. An explanation is proposed for this phenomenon with the use of an acoustic analogy. To isolate the relevant physics, the scaling of BBSAN peak intensity level at the sideline observer location is examined. The equivalent source within the framework of an acoustic analogy for BBSAN is based on local field quantities at shock wave - shear layer interactions. Propagation of sound through the jet shear layer is predicted with an adjoint vector Green's function solver of the linearized Euler equations. The combination of the equivalent source and adjoint vector Green's function allows for correct predictions of the saturation of BBSAN with increasing stagnation pressure and stagnation temperature. The sources and vector Green's function have arguments involving the steady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solution of the jet. It is proposed that saturation of BBSAN with increasing jet temperature occurs due to a balance between the amplification of the sound propagation through the shear layer and the source term scaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC transients
KW  - BROADBAND communication systems
KW  - ISOTHERMAL processes
KW  - ISOTHERMAL transformations
KW  - TEMPERATURE control
N1  - Accession Number: 101314057; Miller, Steven A. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 14 Issue 1/2, p305; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC transients; Subject Term: BROADBAND communication systems; Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL processes; Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL transformations; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517110 Wired Telecommunications Carriers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1260/1475-472X.14.1-2.305
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101314057&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hardin, Jay C.
T1  - Some elegant derivations employing generalized functions.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 14
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 353
EP  - 358
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - This note presents three derivations utilizing generalized function theory. These derivations are much more straightforward than are those employing conventional techniques which illustrate the power of generalized function theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THEORY of distributions (Functional analysis)
KW  - GEOMETRIC function theory
KW  - FUNCTIONAL analysis
KW  - HYPERFUNCTIONS
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 101314061; Hardin, Jay C. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center (Retired), Bath, NC; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 14 Issue 1/2, p353; Subject Term: THEORY of distributions (Functional analysis); Subject Term: GEOMETRIC function theory; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL analysis; Subject Term: HYPERFUNCTIONS; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1260/1475-472X.14.1-2.353
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Konishi, Christopher
AU  - Lee, Hyoungsoon
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
AU  - Nahra, Henry K.
AU  - Hall, Nancy R.
AU  - Wagner, James D.
AU  - May, Rochelle L.
AU  - Mackey, Jeffrey R.
T1  - Flow boiling in microgravity: Part 1 – Interfacial behavior and experimental heat transfer results.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 81
M3  - Article
SP  - 705
EP  - 720
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Space agencies worldwide are being confronted with the challenges of more distant manned space missions, which will demand greater energy efficiency and reduced weight and volume. One method being considered to reduce the weight and volume of a long duration mission spacecraft is to replace present single-phase Thermal Control Systems (TCSs) with ones that rely on flow boiling and condensation. This transition will require a thorough understanding of the influence of reduced gravity on flow boiling and condensation, and the development of predictive tools for both. This study is the first part of a two-part study investigating flow boiling of FC-72 in microgravity, which is simulated in a series of parabolic flight maneuvers. Flow boiling experiments are conducted in a rectangular channel fitted with two opposite heating walls. The operating conditions include liquid inlet velocities of 0.1–1.9 m/s, liquid mass velocities of 224.2–3347.5 kg/m 2 s, and inlet subcoolings ranging from 2.8 to 8.1 °C. The study includes both high-speed video analysis of interfacial features and heat transfer measurements. A dominant wavy vapor layer behavior is encountered for most operating conditions. Boiling is sustained mostly in ‘wetting fronts’ corresponding to contact regions between the wave troughs and the wall, and abated near the wave peaks. During a flight parabola, the heated wall temperatures decrease slightly as the aircraft enters the hypergravity ascent phase, then increase slightly during the microgravity phase, and decrease once again during the hypergravity descent. These temperature variations point to enhancement in flow boiling heat transfer with increasing gravity, and conversely a reduction with microgravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - EBULLITION
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - SPACE flights
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Interfacial behavior
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 99740366; Konishi, Christopher 1 Lee, Hyoungsoon 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2 Nahra, Henry K. 2 Hall, Nancy R. 2 Wagner, James D. 2 May, Rochelle L. 2 Mackey, Jeffrey R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Purdue University Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (PU-BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Vantage Partners, LLC, 3000 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 81, p705; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: EBULLITION; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: SPACE flights; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2014.10.049
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Burow, Luke C
AU  - Behnam, Faris
AU  - Mayali, Xavier
AU  - Schintlmeister, Arno
AU  - Fleming, Erich D
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Singer, Steven W
AU  - Cortés, Alejandro López
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
AU  - Spormann, Alfred M
AU  - Wagner, Michael
AU  - Weber, Peter K
AU  - Bebout, Brad M
T1  - Revisiting N2 fixation in Guerrero Negro intertidal microbial mats with a functional single-cell approach.
JO  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
JF  - ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 9
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 485
EP  - 496
SN  - 17517362
AB  - Photosynthetic microbial mats are complex, stratified ecosystems in which high rates of primary production create a demand for nitrogen, met partially by N2 fixation. Dinitrogenase reductase (nifH) genes and transcripts from Cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria (for example, Deltaproteobacteria) were detected in these mats, yet their contribution to N2 fixation is poorly understood. We used a combined approach of manipulation experiments with inhibitors, nifH sequencing and single-cell isotope analysis to investigate the active diazotrophic community in intertidal microbial mats at Laguna Ojo de Liebre near Guerrero Negro, Mexico. Acetylene reduction assays with specific metabolic inhibitors suggested that both sulfate reducers and members of the Cyanobacteria contributed to N2 fixation, whereas 15N2 tracer experiments at the bulk level only supported a contribution of Cyanobacteria. Cyanobacterial and nifH Cluster III (including deltaproteobacterial sulfate reducers) sequences dominated the nifH gene pool, whereas the nifH transcript pool was dominated by sequences related to Lyngbya spp. Single-cell isotope analysis of 15N2-incubated mat samples via high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) revealed that Cyanobacteria were enriched in 15N, with the highest enrichment being detected in Lyngbya spp. filaments (on average 4.4 at% 15N), whereas the Deltaproteobacteria (identified by CARD-FISH) were not significantly enriched. We investigated the potential dilution effect from CARD-FISH on the isotopic composition and concluded that the dilution bias was not substantial enough to influence our conclusions. Our combined data provide evidence that members of the Cyanobacteria, especially Lyngbya spp., actively contributed to N2 fixation in the intertidal mats, whereas support for significant N2 fixation activity of the targeted deltaproteobacterial sulfate reducers could not be found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISME Journal: Multidisciplinary Journal of Microbial Ecology is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBIAL aggregation
KW  - ECOSYSTEMS
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - NUCLEAR spectroscopy
KW  - HETEROTROPHIC respiration
N1  - Accession Number: 100517163; Woebken, Dagmar 1 Burow, Luke C 2 Behnam, Faris 3 Mayali, Xavier 4 Schintlmeister, Arno 5 Fleming, Erich D 6 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 6 Singer, Steven W 7 Cortés, Alejandro López 8 Hoehler, Tori M 6 Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 4 Spormann, Alfred M 9 Wagner, Michael 10 Weber, Peter K 4 Bebout, Brad M 6; Affiliation:  1: 1] Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA [3] Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria  2: 1] Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA [2] Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria  4: Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA  5: Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria  6: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  7: Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA  8: Laboratory of Geomicrobiology and Biotechnology, Northwestern Center for Biological Research (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico  9: Departments of Chemical Engineering, and of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA  10: 1] Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria [2] Large-Instrument Facility for Advanced Isotope Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 9 Issue 2, p485; Subject Term: MICROBIAL aggregation; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEMS; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: NUCLEAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: HETEROTROPHIC respiration; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ismej.2014.144
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100517163&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Styborski, Jeremy
T1  - Flow Visualization and Stream Temperature Measurement of Liquid Hydrogen Line Chill Down Experiments.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 137
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00221481
AB  - The article focuses on visualization techniques for studying stream temperature of a chill down experiment of liquid hydrogen along with several images of the experiment.
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - WATER temperature
KW  - IMAGING systems
N1  - Accession Number: 102092180; Hartwig, Jason 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Styborski, Jeremy 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Propulsion and Propellants, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Turbine Durability, Hot Section Engineering, Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, Connecticut, 06118, United States; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 137 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: WATER temperature; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Crawford, Timothy J.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, Adriana
T1  - Self- and air-broadened line shape parameters in the ν2+ν3 band of 12CH4: 4500–4630 cm−1.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 152
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 165
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Accurate knowledge of spectral line shape parameters is important for infrared transmission and radiance calculations in the terrestrial atmosphere. In this paper, we report the self- and air-broadened Lorentz half-widths, pressure-induced shifts and line mixing coefficients (via off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements) along with their temperature dependences for methane ν 2 +ν 3 absorption lines in the 4500–4630 cm −1 region of the Octad. For this, we recorded 14 high-resolution, high signal to noise ratio (S/N) spectra of high-purity (99.95% 12 C-enriched) samples of pure methane and its dilute mixtures in dry air between 298 K and 148 K. A Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, was used to obtain the experimental data. The absorption cell used for this study was a specially built 20.38 cm long coolable cell installed in its sample compartment. The sample pressures for the pure 12 CH 4 spectra were 4.5−385 Torr; for the air-broadened spectra the total pressures ranged between 95 and 300 Torr with the methane volume mixing ratios between 0.04 and 0.097. All 14 spectra were fitted simultaneously using an interactive multispectrum nonlinear least-squares curve fitting technique. The results are compared to values reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY bands
KW  - SPECTRAL lines
KW  - INFRARED transmitting materials
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - Lorentz width
KW  - Methane
KW  - Pressure-shift
KW  - Relaxation matrix
KW  - Speed dependence
KW  - Temperature dependence
N1  - Accession Number: 100191161; Devi, V. Malathy 1; Email Address: malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 1 Smith, Mary Ann H. 2 Mantz, Arlan W. 3 Sung, Keeyoon 4 Crawford, Timothy J. 4 Predoi-Cross, Adriana 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 3M4; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 152, p149; Subject Term: ENERGY bands; Subject Term: SPECTRAL lines; Subject Term: INFRARED transmitting materials; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz width; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relaxation matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.11.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100191161&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Creager, Colin
AU  - Johnson, Kyle
AU  - Plant, Mark
AU  - Moreland, Scott
AU  - Skonieczny, Krzysztof
T1  - Push–pull locomotion for vehicle extrication.
JO  - Journal of Terramechanics
JF  - Journal of Terramechanics
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 57
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 80
SN  - 00224898
AB  - For applications in which unmanned vehicles must traverse unfamiliar terrain, there often exists the risk of vehicle entrapment. Typically, this risk can be reduced by using feedback from on-board sensors that assess the terrain. This work addressed the situations where a vehicle has already become immobilized or the desired route cannot be traversed using conventional rolling. Specifically, the focus was on using push–pull locomotion in high sinkage granular material. Push–pull locomotion is an alternative mode of travel that generates thrust through articulated motion, using vehicle components as anchors to push or pull against. It has been revealed through previous research that push–pull locomotion has the capacity for generating higher net traction forces than rolling, and a unique optical flow technique indicated that this is the result of a more efficient soil shearing method. It has now been found that push–pull locomotion results in less sinkage, lower travel reduction, and better power efficiency in high sinkage material as compared to rolling. Even when starting from an “entrapped” condition, push–pull locomotion was able to extricate the test vehicle. It is the authors’ recommendation that push–pull locomotion be considered as a reliable back-up mode of travel for applications where terrain entrapment is a possibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Terramechanics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOCOMOTION
KW  - VEHICLE extrication
KW  - AUTONOMOUS vehicles
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - OPTICAL flow
KW  - Articulation
KW  - Entrapment
KW  - Extrication
KW  - Locomotion
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Sinkage
KW  - Thrust
KW  - Wheel slip
N1  - Accession Number: 100427778; Creager, Colin 1; Email Address: colin.m.creager@nasa.gov Johnson, Kyle 1; Email Address: kyle.a.johnson@nasa.gov Plant, Mark 2; Email Address: maplant@ysu.edu Moreland, Scott 3; Email Address: scott.j.moreland@jpl.nasa.gov Skonieczny, Krzysztof 4; Email Address: kskoniec@encs.concordia.ca; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Youngstown State University, 1 University Plaza, Youngstown, OH 44555, United States  3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91011, United States  4: Concordia University, 7141 Rue Sherbrooke Quest, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 57, p71; Subject Term: LOCOMOTION; Subject Term: VEHICLE extrication; Subject Term: AUTONOMOUS vehicles; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: OPTICAL flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Articulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entrapment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Locomotion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mobility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sinkage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thrust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wheel slip; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jterra.2014.12.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100427778&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diaz, Jorge
AU  - Pieri, David
AU  - Wright, Kenneth
AU  - Sorensen, Paul
AU  - Kline-Shoder, Robert
AU  - Arkin, C
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Bland, Geoff
AU  - Buongiorno, Maria
AU  - Ramirez, Carlos
AU  - Corrales, Ernesto
AU  - Alan, Alfredo
AU  - Alegria, Oscar
AU  - Diaz, David
AU  - Linick, Justin
T1  - Unmanned Aerial Mass Spectrometer Systems for In-Situ Volcanic Plume Analysis.
JO  - Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 26
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 304
SN  - 10440305
AB  - Technology advances in the field of small, unmanned aerial vehicles and their integration with a variety of sensor packages and instruments, such as miniature mass spectrometers, have enhanced the possibilities and applications of what are now called unmanned aerial systems (UAS). With such technology, in situ and proximal remote sensing measurements of volcanic plumes are now possible without risking the lives of scientists and personnel in charge of close monitoring of volcanic activity. These methods provide unprecedented, and otherwise unobtainable, data very close in space and time to eruptions, to better understand the role of gas volatiles in magma and subsequent eruption products. Small mass spectrometers, together with the world's smallest turbo molecular pump, have being integrated into NASA and University of Costa Rica UAS platforms to be field-tested for in situ volcanic plume analysis, and in support of the calibration and validation of satellite-based remote sensing data. These new UAS-MS systems are combined with existing UAS flight-tested payloads and assets, such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, SO, HS, CO, GPS sensors, on-board data storage, and telemetry. Such payloads are capable of generating real time 3D concentration maps of the Turrialba volcano active plume in Costa Rica, while remote sensing data are simultaneously collected from the ASTER and OMI space-borne instruments for comparison. The primary goal is to improve the understanding of the chemical and physical properties of emissions for mitigation of local volcanic hazards, for the validation of species detection and abundance of retrievals based on remote sensing, and to validate transport models. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - MASS spectrometers
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SCIENTISTS
KW  - VOLCANIC activity prediction
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - Airborne instrumentation
KW  - Harsh environment
KW  - In-situ gas analysis
KW  - Miniature mass spectrometer
KW  - Remote sensing comparison
KW  - Unmanned aerial system
KW  - Validation and calibration
KW  - Volcanic emissions analysis
KW  - Volcanic monitoring
KW  - Volcanic plume analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 100853003; Diaz, Jorge 1; Email Address: jorge.andres.diaz@gmail.com Pieri, David 2 Wright, Kenneth 3 Sorensen, Paul 4 Kline-Shoder, Robert 4 Arkin, C 5 Fladeland, Matthew 6 Bland, Geoff 7 Buongiorno, Maria 8 Ramirez, Carlos 9 Corrales, Ernesto 1 Alan, Alfredo 1 Alegria, Oscar 1 Diaz, David 1 Linick, Justin 2; Affiliation:  1: Physics School, GasLab, CICANUM, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José Costa Rica  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena USA  3: INFICON Inc., East Syracuse USA  4: CREARE LLC., Hanover USA  5: Engineering Services Contract, Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral USA  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Ames Research Center, Mountain View USA  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island USA  8: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome Italy  9: Escuela Centroamericana de Geología, Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Geológicas, Red Sismológica Nacional (RSN), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José Costa Rica; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 26 Issue 2, p292; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: MASS spectrometers; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SCIENTISTS; Subject Term: VOLCANIC activity prediction; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne instrumentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harsh environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-situ gas analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Miniature mass spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unmanned aerial system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation and calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanic emissions analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanic monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanic plume analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s13361-014-1058-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100853003&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abel, Phillip B.
AU  - Eppell, Steven J.
AU  - Walker, Abigail M.
AU  - Zypman, Fredy R.
T1  - Viscosity of liquids from the transfer function of microcantilevers.
JO  - Measurement (02632241)
JF  - Measurement (02632241)
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 61
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 74
SN  - 02632241
AB  - A method is presented to obtain the viscosity and density of a fluid from the mechanical frequency response of a microcantilever beam immersed in fluids. The technique is a practical solution to perform the measurement when only very small quantities of the fluid are available. A novel algorithm is described to measure the viscosity and density of an ambient fluid by comparing experimental results with the theory. The theoretical results are analytical with a closed form solution. The algorithm presented is easier to implement than the standard method currently used by most atomic force microscope practitioners. In addition, unlike the standard method, the new algorithm is applicable to high viscosity fluids that do not produce resonant peaks in the microcantilever power spectra. Experiments were carried out using standard cantilevers in a fluid cell filled with air, water, methanol and commercial oils. The result of comparing theory with experiment validates the algorithm and thus we propose the algorithm as a way to measure density and viscosity of uncharacterized fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Measurement (02632241) is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOSITY -- Measurement
KW  - MICROCANTILEVERS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopes
KW  - POWER spectra
KW  - Microcantilever
KW  - Microfluids
KW  - Viscosity measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 99827212; Abel, Phillip B. 1 Eppell, Steven J. 2 Walker, Abigail M. 2 Zypman, Fredy R. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  2: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States  3: Yeshiva University, New York, NY, United States; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 61, p67; Subject Term: VISCOSITY -- Measurement; Subject Term: MICROCANTILEVERS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopes; Subject Term: POWER spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microcantilever; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microfluids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscosity measurement; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.measurement.2014.10.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99827212&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sankararaman, Shankar
T1  - Significance, interpretation, and quantification of uncertainty in prognostics and remaining useful life prediction.
JO  - Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing
JF  - Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 52/53
M3  - Article
SP  - 228
EP  - 247
SN  - 08883270
AB  - This paper analyzes the significance, interpretation, and quantification of uncertainty in prognostics, with an emphasis on predicting the remaining useful life of engineering systems and components. Prognostics deals with predicting the future behavior of engineering systems, and is affected by various sources of uncertainty. In order to facilitate meaningful prognostics-based decision-making, it is important to analyze how these sources of uncertainty affect prognostics, and thereby, compute the overall uncertainty in the remaining useful life prediction. This paper investigates the classical (frequentist) and subjective (Bayesian) interpretations of uncertainty and their implications on prognostics, and argues that the Bayesian interpretation of uncertainty is more suitable for condition-based prognostics and health monitoring. It is also demonstrated that uncertainty quantification in remaining useful life prediction needs to be approached as an uncertainty propagation problem. Several uncertainty propagation methods are discussed in this context, and the practical challenges involved in such uncertainty quantification are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanical Systems & Signal Processing is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - ENGINEERING systems
KW  - DECISION making
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - CBM
KW  - Filtering
KW  - Frequentist
KW  - Prognostics
KW  - Subjective
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 99215044; Sankararaman, Shankar 1; Email Address: shankar.sankararaman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 52/53, p228; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: ENGINEERING systems; Subject Term: DECISION making; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Author-Supplied Keyword: CBM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Frequentist; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subjective; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ymssp.2014.05.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=99215044&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nowakowski, A. Justin
AU  - DeWoody, J. Andrew
AU  - Fagan, Matthew E.
AU  - Willoughby, Janna R.
AU  - Donnelly, Maureen A.
T1  - Mechanistic insights into landscape genetic structure of two tropical amphibians using field-derived resistance surfaces.
JO  - Molecular Ecology
JF  - Molecular Ecology
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 580
EP  - 595
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 09621083
AB  - Conversion of forests to agriculture often fragments distributions of forest species and can disrupt gene flow. We examined effects of prevalent land uses on genetic connectivity of two amphibian species in northeastern Costa Rica. We incorporated data from field surveys and experiments to develop resistance surfaces that represent local mechanisms hypothesized to modify dispersal success of amphibians, such as habitat-specific predation and desiccation risk. Because time lags can exist between forest conversion and genetic responses, we evaluated landscape effects using land-cover data from different time periods. Populations of both species were structured at similar spatial scales but exhibited differing responses to landscape features. Litter frog population differentiation was significantly related to landscape resistances estimated from abundance and experiment data. Model support was highest for experiment-derived surfaces that represented responses to microclimate variation. Litter frog genetic variation was best explained by contemporary landscape configuration, indicating rapid population response to land-use change. Poison frog genetic structure was strongly associated with geographic isolation, which explained up to 45% of genetic variation, and long-standing barriers, such as rivers and mountains. However, there was also partial support for abundance- and microclimate response-derived resistances. Differences in species responses to landscape features may be explained by overriding effects of population size on patterns of differentiation for poison frogs, but not litter frogs. In addition, pastures are likely semi-permeable to poison frog gene flow because the species is known to use pastures when remnant vegetation is present, but litter frogs do not. Ongoing reforestation efforts will probably increase connectivity in the region by increasing tree cover and reducing area of pastures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AMPHIBIANS
KW  - VERTEBRATES -- Genetics
KW  - GENE flow
KW  - COSTA Rica
KW  - TROPICS
KW  - connectivity
KW  - field experiments
KW  - fragmentation
KW  - gene flow
KW  - land use
KW  - microclimate
N1  - Accession Number: 100488318; Nowakowski, A. Justin 1 DeWoody, J. Andrew 2,3 Fagan, Matthew E. 4 Willoughby, Janna R. 2 Donnelly, Maureen A. 1,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University  2: Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University  3: Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University  4: Goddard Space Flight Center  5: College of Arts and Sciences Florida International University; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 24 Issue 3, p580; Subject Term: AMPHIBIANS; Subject Term: VERTEBRATES -- Genetics; Subject Term: GENE flow; Subject Term: COSTA Rica; Subject Term: TROPICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: connectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: field experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: fragmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: gene flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: land use; Author-Supplied Keyword: microclimate; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411110 Live animal merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/mec.13052
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100488318&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evans, N. R.
AU  - Szabó, R.
AU  - Derekas, A.
AU  - Szabados, L.
AU  - Cameron, C.
AU  - Matthews, J. M.
AU  - Sasselov, D.
AU  - Kuschnig, R.
AU  - Rowe, J. F.
AU  - Guenther, D. B.
AU  - Moffat, A. F. J.
AU  - Rucinski, S. M.
AU  - Weiss, W. W.
T1  - Observations of Cepheids with the MOST satellite: contrast between pulsation modes.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 446
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4008
EP  - 4018
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The quantity and quality of satellite photometric data strings is revealing details in Cepheid variation at very low levels. Specifically, we observed a Cepheid pulsating in the fundamental mode and one pulsating in the first overtone with the Canadian MOST (Microvariability and Oscillations of Stars) satellite. The 3.7-d period fundamental mode pulsator (RT Aur) has a light curve that repeats precisely, and can be modelled by a Fourier series very accurately. The overtone pulsator (SZ Tau, 3.1 d period) on the other hand shows light-curve variation from cycle to cycle which we characterize by the variations in the Fourier parameters. We present arguments that we are seeing instability in the pulsation cycle of the overtone pulsator, and that this is also a characteristic of the O - C curves of overtone pulsators. On the other hand, deviations from cycle to cycle as a function of pulsation phase follow a similar pattern in both stars, increasing after minimum radius. In summary, pulsation in the overtone pulsator is less stable than that of the fundamental mode pulsator at both long and short time-scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - CEPHEIDS
KW  - FOURIER series
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - stars: individual: RT Aur
KW  - stars: individual: SZ Tau
KW  - stars: variables: Cepheids
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 110198771; Evans, N. R. 1; Email Address: nevans@cfa.harvard.edu Szabó, R. 2 Derekas, A. 2,3 Szabados, L. 2 Cameron, C. 4 Matthews, J. M. 5 Sasselov, D. 1 Kuschnig, R. 5,6 Rowe, J. F. 7 Guenther, D. B. 8 Moffat, A. F. J. 9 Rucinski, S. M. 10 Weiss, W. W. 6; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, MS 4, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: Konkoly Observatory, Research Center for Astronomy & Earth Sciences, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  3: ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory, H-9704 Szombathely, Szent Imre herceg út 112, Hungary  4: Department of Mathematics, Physics & Geology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, NS B1P 6L2, Canada  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada  6: University of Vienna, Institute for Astronomy, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Department of Astronomy and Physics, St Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  9: Départment de physique, Université de Montréal C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  10: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 446 Issue 4, p4008; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: CEPHEIDS; Subject Term: FOURIER series; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: RT Aur; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: SZ Tau; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: Cepheids; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stu2371
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110198771&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenberg, Jonathan A.
AU  - Santos, Maria J.
AU  - Dobrowski, Solomon Z.
AU  - Vanderbilt, Vern C.
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
T1  - Quantifying Environmental Limiting Factors on Tree Cover Using Geospatial Data.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Environmental limiting factors (ELFs) are the thresholds that determine the maximum or minimum biological response for a given suite of environmental conditions. We asked the following questions: 1) Can we detect ELFs on percent tree cover across the eastern slopes of the Lake Tahoe Basin, NV? 2) How are the ELFs distributed spatially? 3) To what extent are unmeasured environmental factors limiting tree cover? ELFs are difficult to quantify as they require significant sample sizes. We addressed this by using geospatial data over a relatively large spatial extent, where the wall-to-wall sampling ensures the inclusion of rare data points which define the minimum or maximum response to environmental factors. We tested mean temperature, minimum temperature, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and PET minus precipitation (PET-P) as potential limiting factors on percent tree cover. We found that the study area showed system-wide limitations on tree cover, and each of the factors showed evidence of being limiting on tree cover. However, only 1.2% of the total area appeared to be limited by the four (4) environmental factors, suggesting other unmeasured factors are limiting much of the tree cover in the study area. Where sites were near their theoretical maximum, non-forest sites (tree cover < 25%) were primarily limited by cold mean temperatures, open-canopy forest sites (tree cover between 25% and 60%) were primarily limited by evaporative demand, and closed-canopy forests were not limited by any particular environmental factor. The detection of ELFs is necessary in order to fully understand the width of limitations that species experience within their geographic range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOSPATIAL data
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - PLANT canopies
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis
KW  - Research Article
N1  - Accession Number: 101318667; Greenberg, Jonathan A. 1; Email Address: jgrn@illinois.edu Santos, Maria J. 2 Dobrowski, Solomon Z. 3 Vanderbilt, Vern C. 4 Ustin, Susan L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geography and Geographic Information Science, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America  2: Department of Innovation, Environmental and Energy Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands  3: Department of Forest Management, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, United States of America  5: Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing (CSTARS), Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 10 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GEOSPATIAL data; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: PLANT canopies; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0114648
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, Hsi-Wu
AU  - Peck, Jay
AU  - Bonomi, Robin E.
AU  - Assif, James
AU  - Panerai, Francesco
AU  - Reinisch, Guillaume
AU  - Lachaud, Jean
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
T1  - Quantitative determination of species production from phenol-formaldehyde resin pyrolysis.
JO  - Polymer Degradation & Stability
JF  - Polymer Degradation & Stability
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 112
M3  - Article
SP  - 122
EP  - 131
SN  - 01413910
AB  - Batch pyrolysis of a commercial resole type phenol-formaldehyde resin was performed using a step-wise heating procedure in a temperature increment of 50 K from 320 to 1290 K. A resin sample of 50 mg was loaded in a reactor assembly specifically designed and built for this study. Mass loss was measured after each 50 K step and the production of pyrolysis products was quantified using gas chromatography techniques. The overall mass loss from the samples reached 39.2% after the entire procedure. Three major product families were identified: 1) water is the most dominant product at a pyrolysis temperature below 800 K; 2) phenol derivatives (aromatic alcohols) have significant yields at a pyrolysis temperature between 500 and 850 K; 3) permanent gases such as hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide have the highest yields at a temperature above 800 K. Minor products observed include aromatics, which are formed between 700 and 850 K, and C 2 to C 4 light hydrocarbons, which are only formed above 800 K and peak at 1000 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer Degradation & Stability is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOLIC resins
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - Gas chromatography
KW  - Phenol-formaldehyde resin
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Reaction kinetics
KW  - Species production
N1  - Accession Number: 100947306; Wong, Hsi-Wu 1; Email Address: HsiWu_Wong@uml.edu Peck, Jay 2 Bonomi, Robin E. 2 Assif, James 2 Panerai, Francesco 3 Reinisch, Guillaume 4 Lachaud, Jean 5 Mansour, Nagi N. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA  2: Center for Aero-Thermodynamics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA, 01821, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA  4: Center for Predictive Engineering and Computational Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA  5: University Affiliated Research Center, University of California at Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 112, p122; Subject Term: PHENOLIC resins; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phenol-formaldehyde resin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Species production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.12.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Whitcraft, Alyssa K.
AU  - Becker-Reshef, Inbal
AU  - Killough, Brian D.
AU  - Justice, Christopher O.
T1  - Meeting Earth Observation Requirements for Global Agricultural Monitoring: An Evaluation of the Revisit Capabilities of Current and Planned Moderate Resolution Optical Earth Observing Missions.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 7
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1482
EP  - 1503
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Agriculture is a highly dynamic process in space and time, with many applications requiring data with both a relatively high temporal resolution (at least every 8 days) and fine-to-moderate (FTM < 100 m) spatial resolution. The relatively infrequent revisit of FTM optical satellite observatories coupled with the impacts of cloud occultation have translated into a barrier for the derivation of agricultural information at the regional-to-global scale. Drawing upon the Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring (GEOGLAM) Initiative's general satellite Earth observation (EO) requirements for monitoring of major production areas, Whitcraft et al. (this issue) have described where, when, and how frequently satellite data acquisitions are required throughout the agricultural growing season at 0.05°, globally. The majority of areas and times of year require multiple revisits to probabilistically yield a view at least 70%, 80%, 90%, or 95% clear within eight days, something that no present single FTM optical observatory is capable of delivering. As such, there is a great potential to meet these moderate spatial resolution optical data requirements through a multi-space agency/multi-mission constellation approach. This research models the combined revisit capabilities of seven hypothetical constellations made from five satellite sensors--Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (Landsat 7 ETM+), Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor (Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS), Resourcesat-2 Advanced Wide Field Sensor (Resourcesat-2 AWiFS), Sentinel-2A Multi-Spectral Instrument (MSI), and Sentinel-2B MSI--and compares these capabilities with the revisit frequency requirements for a reasonably cloud-free clear view within eight days throughout the agricultural growing season. Supplementing Landsat 7 and 8 with missions from different space agencies leads to an improved capacity to meet requirements, with Resourcesat-2 providing the largest incremental improvement in requirements met. The best performing constellation can meet 71%-91% of the requirements for a view at least 70% clear, and 45%-68% of requirements for a view at least 95% clear, varying by month. Still, gaps exist in persistently cloudy regions/periods, highlighting the need for data coordination and for consideration of active EO for agricultural monitoring. This research highlights opportunities, but not actual acquisition rates or data availability/access; systematic acquisitions over actively cropped agricultural areas as well as a policy which guarantees continuous access to high quality, interoperable data are essential in the effort to meet EO requirements for agricultural monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AGRICULTURE -- Remote sensing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - OPTICAL remote sensing
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - agricultural monitoring
KW  - CEOS
KW  - cloud cover impacts
KW  - Earth observation requirements
KW  - GEOGLAM
KW  - imaging constellation
KW  - optical remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 101075596; Whitcraft, Alyssa K. 1; Email Address: alyssakw@umd.edu Becker-Reshef, Inbal 1; Email Address: ireshef@umd.edu Killough, Brian D. 2; Email Address: brian.d.killough@nasa.gov Justice, Christopher O. 1; Email Address: cjustice@umd.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, 4321 Hartwick Rd. Suite 410, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration--Langley Research Center, Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Systems Engineering Office, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 7 Issue 2, p1482; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: OPTICAL remote sensing; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: agricultural monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: CEOS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud cover impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth observation requirements; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEOGLAM; Author-Supplied Keyword: imaging constellation; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical remote sensing; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs70201482
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Prokop, N.
AU  - Greer, L.
AU  - Krasowski, M.
AU  - Flatico, J.
AU  - Spina, D.
T1  - A miniature microcontroller curve tracing circuit for space flight testing transistors.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2015/02//
VL  - 86
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - This paper describes a novel miniature microcontroller based curve tracing circuit, which was designed to monitor the environmental effects on Silicon Carbide Junction Field Effect Transistor (SiC JFET) device performance, while exposed to the low earth orbit environment onboard the International Space Station (ISS) as a resident experiment on the 7th Materials on the International Space Station Experiment (MISSE7). Specifically, the microcontroller circuit was designed to operate autonomously and was flown on the external structure of the ISS for over a year. This curve tracing circuit is capable of measuring current vs. voltage (I-V) characteristics of transistors and diodes. The circuit is current limited for low current devices and is specifically designed to test high temperature, high drain-to-source resistance SiC JFETs. The results of each I-V data set are transmitted serially to an external telemetered communication interface. This paper discusses the circuit architecture, its design, and presents example results [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROCONTROLLERS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - JUNCTION gate field effect transistors
KW  - DIODES
N1  - Accession Number: 101298060; Prokop, N. 1 Greer, L. 1 Krasowski, M. 1 Flatico, J. 2 Spina, D. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: Jacobs Technology, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 86 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MICROCONTROLLERS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: JUNCTION gate field effect transistors; Subject Term: DIODES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 6 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4908163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Endl, Michael
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Foreman-Mackey, Daniel
AU  - Cochran, William D.
AU  - MacQueen, Phillip J.
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Quintana, Elisa V.
T1  - RADIAL VELOCITY OBSERVATIONS AND LIGHT CURVE NOISE MODELING CONFIRM THAT KEPLER-91b IS A GIANT PLANET ORBITING A GIANT STAR.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/02/10/
VL  - 800
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Kepler-91b is a rare example of a transiting hot Jupiter around a red giant star, providing the possibility to study the formation and composition of hot Jupiters under different conditions compared to main-sequence stars. However, the planetary nature of Kepler-91b, which was confirmed using phase-curve variations by Lillo-Box et al., was recently called into question based on a re-analysis of Kepler data. We have obtained ground-based radial velocity observations from the Hobby-Eberly Telescope and unambiguously confirm the planetary nature of Kepler-91b by simultaneously modeling the Kepler and radial velocity data. The star exhibits temporally correlated noise due to stellar granulation which we model as a Gaussian Process. We hypothesize that it is this noise component that led previous studies to suspect Kepler-91b to be a false positive. Our work confirms the conclusions presented by Lillo-Box et al. that Kepler-91b is a 0.73 ± 0.13 MJup planet orbiting a red giant star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOT Jupiters
KW  - GIANT stars
KW  - MAIN sequence (Astronomy)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
N1  - Accession Number: 100898809; Barclay, Thomas 1,2 Endl, Michael 3 Huber, Daniel 1,4 Foreman-Mackey, Daniel 5 Cochran, William D. 3 MacQueen, Phillip J. 3 Rowe, Jason F. 1,4 Quintana, Elisa V. 1,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 1st Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  3: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: New York University, Center for Cosmology & Particle Physics, New York, NY 10003, USA  6: NASA Senior Fellow.; Source Info: 2/10/2015, Vol. 800 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HOT Jupiters; Subject Term: GIANT stars; Subject Term: MAIN sequence (Astronomy); Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/800/1/46
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikolov, N.
AU  - Sing, D. K.
AU  - Burrows, A. S.
AU  - Fortney, J. J.
AU  - Henry, G. W.
AU  - Pont, F.
AU  - Ballester, G. E.
AU  - Aigrain, S.
AU  - Wilson, P. A.
AU  - Huitson, C. M.
AU  - Gibson, N. P.
AU  - Désert, J.-M.
AU  - des Etangs, A. Lecavelier
AU  - Showman, A. P.
AU  - Vidal-Madjar, A.
AU  - Wakeford, H. R.
AU  - Zahnle, K.
T1  - HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: haze in the atmosphere of WASP-6b.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/02/11/
VL  - 447
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 463
EP  - 478
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We report Hubble Space Telescope optical to near-infrared transmission spectroscopy of the hot-Jupiter WASP-6b, measured with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph and Spitzer's InfraRed Array Camera. The resulting spectrum covers the range 0.29-4.5 μm. We find evidence for modest stellar activity of WASP-6 and take it into account in the transmission spectrum. The overall main characteristic of the spectrum is an increasing radius as a function of decreasing wavelength corresponding to a change of Δ(Rp/R*) = 0.0071 from 0.33 to 4.5 μm. The spectrum suggests an effective extinction cross-section with a power law of index consistent with Rayleigh scattering, with temperatures of 973 ± 144K at the planetary terminator. We compare the transmission spectrum with hot-Jupiter atmospheric models including condensate-free and aerosol-dominated models incorporating Mie theory. While none of the clear-atmosphere models is found to be in good agreement with the data, we find that the complete spectrum can be described by models that include significant opacity from aerosols including Fe-poor Mg2SiO4, MgSiO3, KCl and Na2S dust condensates. WASP- 6b is the second planet after HD 189733b which has equilibrium temperatures near ~1200K and shows prominent atmospheric scattering in the optical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - methods: observational
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: individual: WASP-6b
KW  - stars: activity
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 102584683; Nikolov, N. 1; Email Address: nikolov.nkn@gmail.com Sing, D. K. 1 Burrows, A. S. 2 Fortney, J. J. 3 Henry, G. W. 4 Pont, F. 1 Ballester, G. E. 5 Aigrain, S. 6 Wilson, P. A. 1,7 Huitson, C. M. 8 Gibson, N. P. 9 Désert, J.-M. 8 des Etangs, A. Lecavelier 7 Showman, A. P. 5 Vidal-Madjar, A. 7 Wakeford, H. R. 1 Zahnle, K. 10; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK  2: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd, PO Box 9501, Nashville, TN 37209, USA  5: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  7: CNRS, Institut dAstrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, 98bis boulevard Arago, F-75014 Paris, France  8: CASA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  9: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching bei München, Germany  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/11/2015, Vol. 447 Issue 1, p463; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: observational; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual: WASP-6b; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stu2433
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DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boyajian, Tabetha
AU  - von Braun, Kaspar
AU  - Feiden, Gregory A.
AU  - Huber, Daniel
AU  - Basu, Sarbani
AU  - Demarque, Pierre
AU  - Fischer, Debra A.
AU  - Schaefer, Gail
AU  - Mann, Andrew W.
AU  - White, Timothy R.
AU  - Maestro, Vicente
AU  - Brewer, John
AU  - Lamell, C. Brooke
AU  - Spada, Federico
AU  - LÃpez-Morales, Mercedes
AU  - Ireland, Michael
AU  - Farrington, Chris
AU  - van Belle, Gerard T.
AU  - Kane, Stephen R.
AU  - Jones, Jeremy
T1  - Stellar diameters and temperatures - VI. High angular resolution measurements of the transiting exoplanet host stars HD 189733 and HD 209458 and implications for models of cool dwarfs.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/02/11/
VL  - 447
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 846
EP  - 857
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present direct radii measurements of the well-known transiting exoplanet host stars HD 189733 and HD 209458 using the CHARA Array interferometer. We find the limb-darkened angular diameters to be θLD = 0.3848 ± 0.0055 and 0.2254 ± 0.0072 mas for HD 189733 and HD 209458, respectively. HD 189733 and HD 209458 are currently the only two transiting exoplanet systems where detection of the respective planetary companion's orbital motion from high-resolution spectroscopy has revealed absolute masses for both star and planet. We use our new measurements together with the orbital information from radial velocity and photometric time series data, Hipparcos distances, and newly measured bolometric fluxes to determine the stellar effective temperatures (Teff = 4875 ± 43, 6092 ± 103 K), stellar linear radii (R* = 0.805 ± 0.016, 1.203 ± 0.061 R⊙), mean stellar densities (R* = 1.62 ± 0.11, 0.58 ± 0.14 R⊙), planetary radii (Rp = 1.216 ± 0.024, 1.451 ± 0.074 RJup), and mean planetary densities (Rp = 0.605 ± 0.029, 0.196 ± 0.033 RJup) for HD 189733b and HD 209458b, respectively. The stellar parameters for HD 209458, an F9 dwarf, are consistent with indirect estimates derived from spectroscopic and evolutionary modelling. However, we find that models are unable to reproduce the observational results for the K2 dwarf, HD 189733. We show that, for stellar evolutionary models to match the observed stellar properties of HD 189733, adjustments lowering the solar-calibrated mixing-length parameter to αMLT =1.34 need to be employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual: HD 189733
KW  - stars: individual: HD 209458
KW  - stars: late-type
KW  - techniques: interferometric
N1  - Accession Number: 102584713; Boyajian, Tabetha 1; Email Address: tabetha.boyajian@yale.edu von Braun, Kaspar 2,3,4 Feiden, Gregory A. 5 Huber, Daniel 6,7 Basu, Sarbani 1 Demarque, Pierre 1 Fischer, Debra A. 1 Schaefer, Gail 8 Mann, Andrew W. 9 White, Timothy R. 10 Maestro, Vicente 11 Brewer, John 1 Lamell, C. Brooke 1 Spada, Federico 12 LÃpez-Morales, Mercedes 13 Ireland, Michael 14 Farrington, Chris 8 van Belle, Gerard T. 4 Kane, Stephen R. 15 Jones, Jeremy 16; Affiliation:  1: Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  2: Max-Planck-Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Mirasol Institute, D-81679 Munich, Germany  4: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff 86001, USA  5: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: CHARA Array, Mount Wilson Observatory, Mount Wilson, CA 91023, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  10: Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany  11: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  12: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany  13: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 03128, USA  14: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia  15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  16: Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA; Source Info: 2/11/2015, Vol. 447 Issue 1, p846; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HD 189733; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HD 209458; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: late-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: interferometric; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stu2502
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102584713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenhouse, Matthew A.
AU  - Benson, Scott W.
AU  - Englander, Jacob
AU  - Falck, Robert D.
AU  - Fixsen, Dale J.
AU  - Gardner, Jonathan P.
AU  - Kruk, Jeffrey W.
AU  - Oleson, Steven R.
AU  - Thronson, Harley A.
T1  - Breakthrough capability for UVOIR space astronomy: Reaching the darkest sky.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2015/02/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1222
EP  - 1233
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We describe how availability of new solar electric propulsion (SEP) technology can substantially increase the science capability of space astronomy missions working within the near-UV to far-infrared (UVOIR) spectrum by making dark sky orbits accessible for the first time. We present a proof of concept case study in which SEP is used to enable a 700 kg Explorer-class observatory payload to reach an orbit beyond where the zodiacal dust limits observatory sensitivity. The resulting scientific performance advantage relative to a Sun–Earth L2 point orbit is presented and discussed. We find that making SEP available to astrophysics Explorers can enable this small payload program to rival the science performance of much larger long development-time systems. We also present flight dynamics analysis which illustrates that this concept can be extended beyond Explorers to substantially improve the sensitivity performance of heavier (7000 kg) flagship-class astrophysics payloads such as the UVOIR successor to the James Webb Space Telescope by using high power SEP that is being developed for the Asteroid Redirect Robotics Mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE astronomy
KW  - ELECTRIC propulsion
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - ZODIACAL light
KW  - Solar electric propulsion
KW  - Space astronomy
KW  - Zodiacal light
N1  - Accession Number: 100655834; Greenhouse, Matthew A. 1; Email Address: matt.greenhouse@nasa.gov Benson, Scott W. 2 Englander, Jacob 1 Falck, Robert D. 2 Fixsen, Dale J. 3 Gardner, Jonathan P. 1 Kruk, Jeffrey W. 1 Oleson, Steven R. 2 Thronson, Harley A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 55 Issue 4, p1222; Subject Term: SPACE astronomy; Subject Term: ELECTRIC propulsion; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: ZODIACAL light; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zodiacal light; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2014.11.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Ankur R.
AU  - Xu, Ke
AU  - Tian, Hanqin
AU  - Weishampel, Peter
AU  - Thom, Jonathan
AU  - Baumann, Dan
AU  - Andrews, Arlyn E.
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - King, Jennifer Y.
AU  - Kolka, Randall
T1  - Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower.
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2015/02/15/
VL  - 201
M3  - Article
SP  - 61
EP  - 75
SN  - 01681923
AB  - Simulating the magnitude and variability of terrestrial methane sources and sinks poses a challenge to ecosystem models because the biophysical and biogeochemical processes that lead to methane emissions from terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems are, by their nature, episodic and spatially disjunct. As a consequence, model predictions of regional methane emissions based on field campaigns from short eddy covariance towers or static chambers have large uncertainties, because measurements focused on a particular known source of methane emission will be biased compared to regional estimates with regards to magnitude, spatial scale, or frequency of these emissions. Given the relatively large importance of predicting future terrestrial methane fluxes for constraining future atmospheric methane growth rates, a clear need exists to reduce spatiotemporal uncertainties. In 2010, an Ameriflux tower (US-PFa) near Park Falls, WI, USA, was instrumented with closed-path methane flux measurements at 122 m above ground in a mixed wetland–upland landscape representative of the Great Lakes region. Two years of flux observations revealed an average annual methane (CH 4 ) efflux of 785 ± 75 mg C CH 4 m −2 yr −1 , compared to a mean CO 2 sink of −80 g C CO 2 m −2 yr −1 , a ratio of 1% in magnitude on a mole basis. Interannual variability in methane flux was 30% of the mean flux and driven by suppression of methane emissions during dry conditions in late summer 2012. Though relatively small, the magnitude of the methane source from the very tall tower measurements was mostly within the range previously measured using static chambers at nearby wetlands, but larger than a simple scaling of those fluxes to the tower footprint. Seasonal patterns in methane fluxes were similar to those simulated in the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), but magnitude depends on model parameterization and input data, especially regarding wetland extent. The model was unable to simulate short-term (sub-weekly) variability. Temperature was found to be a stronger driver of regional CH 4 flux than moisture availability or net ecosystem production at the daily to monthly scale. Taken together, these results emphasize the multi-timescale dependence of drivers of regional methane flux and the importance of long, continuous time series for their characterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Meteorology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - FRESHWATER ecology
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC methane
KW  - Eddy covariance
KW  - Land–atmosphere
KW  - Methane
KW  - Regional flux
N1  - Accession Number: 100080217; Desai, Ankur R. 1; Email Address: desai@aos.wisc.edu Xu, Ke 1 Tian, Hanqin 2 Weishampel, Peter 3 Thom, Jonathan 1 Baumann, Dan 4 Andrews, Arlyn E. 5 Cook, Bruce D. 6 King, Jennifer Y. 7 Kolka, Randall 8; Affiliation:  1: Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA  2: International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  3: Great Lakes Domain, National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc., Land O Lakes, WI, USA  4: Wisconsin Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Rhinelander, WI, USA  5: Earth Systems Research Lab, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA  6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  7: Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA  8: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, USA; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 201, p61; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: FRESHWATER ecology; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eddy covariance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land–atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional flux; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2014.10.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nettles, Alan Tate
T1  - Notched compression strength of 18-ply laminates with various percentages of 0° plies.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2015/02/15/
VL  - 49
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 495
EP  - 505
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The use of knockdown factors (percent reduction of undamaged compression strength) to account for flaws such as impact damage or holes have been used to infer the notched strength of laminates. It has been observed that this criterion tends to over-predict the strength of laminates with a high percentage of 0° plies. This paper examines some limited data from the literature and presents new data that compares knockdown calculated notched compression strength values with those measured experimentally for laminates with various percentages of 0° plies. Results show that the trend of over-predicting the notched compression strength of laminates as the percentage of 0°plies increases, based on a knockdown factor, is observed, but the difference can be within scatter except at very high percentages of 0° plies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
KW  - Compression-After-Impact
KW  - knock-down factors
KW  - open-hole compression
KW  - percent 0° plies
N1  - Accession Number: 100515633; Nettles, Alan Tate 1; Affiliation:  1: alan.t.nettles@nasa.gov; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 49 Issue 4, p495; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: TENSILE strength; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Dynamic testing; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compression-After-Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: knock-down factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: open-hole compression; Author-Supplied Keyword: percent 0° plies; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 4639
L3  - 10.1177/0021998314521063
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100515633&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Materese, Christopher K.
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
T1  - N- AND O-HETEROCYCLES PRODUCED FROM THE IRRADIATION OF BENZENE AND NAPHTHALENE IN H2O/NH3-CONTAINING ICES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/02/20/
VL  - 800
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Aromatic heterocyclic molecules are an important class of molecules of astrophysical and biological significance that include pyridine, pyrimidine, and their derivatives. Such compounds are believed to exist in interstellar and circumstellar environments, though they have never been observed in the gas phase. Regardless of their presence in the gas phase in space, numerous heterocycles have been reported in carbonaceous meteorites, which indicates that they are formed under astrophysical conditions. The experimental work described here shows that N- and O-heterocyclic molecules can form from the ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the homocyclic aromatic molecules benzene (C6H6) or naphthalene (C10H8) mixed in ices containing H2O and NH3. This represents an alternative way to generate aromatic heterocycles to those considered before and may have important implications for astrochemistry and astrobiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HETEROCYCLIC compounds
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AROMATIC compounds
KW  - PYRIDINE -- Derivatives
KW  - PYRIMIDINES -- Derivatives
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 101087346; Materese, Christopher K. 1,2; Email Address: christopher.k.materese@nasa.gov Nuevo, Michel 1,3 Sandford, Scott A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA; Source Info: 2/20/2015, Vol. 800 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: HETEROCYCLIC compounds; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Subject Term: PYRIDINE -- Derivatives; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINES -- Derivatives; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/116
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Torres, Guillermo
AU  - Kipping, David M.
AU  - Fressin, Francois
AU  - Caldwell, Douglas A.
AU  - Twicken, Joseph D.
AU  - Ballard, Sarah
AU  - Batalha, Natalie M.
AU  - Bryson, Stephen T.
AU  - Ciardi, David R.
AU  - Henze, Christopher E.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard T.
AU  - Jenkins, Jon M.
AU  - Muirhead, Philip S.
AU  - Newton, Elisabeth R.
AU  - Petigura, Erik A.
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
AU  - Borucki, William J.
AU  - Crepp, Justin R.
AU  - Everett, Mark E.
T1  - VALIDATION OF 12 SMALL KEPLER TRANSITING PLANETS IN THE HABITABLE ZONE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/02/20/
VL  - 800
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present an investigation of 12 candidate transiting planets from Kepler with orbital periods ranging from 34 to 207 days, selected from initial indications that they are small and potentially in the habitable zone (HZ) of their parent stars. Few of these objects are known. The expected Doppler signals are too small to confirm them by demonstrating that their masses are in the planetary regime. Here we verify their planetary nature by validating them statistically using the BLENDER technique, which simulates large numbers of false positives and compares the resulting light curves with the Kepler photometry. This analysis was supplemented with new follow-up observations (high-resolution optical and near-infrared spectroscopy, adaptive optics imaging, and speckle interferometry), as well as an analysis of the flux centroids. For 11 of them (KOI-0571.05, 1422.04, 1422.05, 2529.02, 3255.01, 3284.01, 4005.01, 4087.01, 4622.01, 4742.01, and 4745.01) we show that the likelihood they are true planets is far greater than that of a false positive, to a confidence level of 99.73% (3σ) or higher. For KOI-4427.01 the confidence level is about 99.2% (2.6σ). With our accurate characterization of the GKM host stars, the derived planetary radii range from 1.1 to 2.7 R⊕. All 12 objects are confirmed to be in the HZ, and nine are small enough to be rocky. Excluding three of them that have been previously validated by others, our study doubles the number of known rocky planets in the HZ. KOI-3284.01 (Kepler-438b) and KOI-4742.01 (Kepler-442b) are the planets most similar to the Earth discovered to date when considering their size and incident flux jointly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HABITABLE zone (Outer space)
KW  - STARS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 101087333; Torres, Guillermo 1; Email Address: gtorres@cfa.harvard.edu Kipping, David M. 1 Fressin, Francois 1 Caldwell, Douglas A. 2 Twicken, Joseph D. 2 Ballard, Sarah 3,4 Batalha, Natalie M. 5 Bryson, Stephen T. 5 Ciardi, David R. 6 Henze, Christopher E. 5 Howell, Steve B. 5 Isaacson, Howard T. 7 Jenkins, Jon M. 5 Muirhead, Philip S. 8,9 Newton, Elisabeth R. 1 Petigura, Erik A. 7 Barclay, Thomas 5 Borucki, William J. 5 Crepp, Justin R. 10 Everett, Mark E. 11; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  4: NASA Carl Sagan Fellow.  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  9: Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow.  10: University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  11: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: 2/20/2015, Vol. 800 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HABITABLE zone (Outer space); Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/800/2/99
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - The infrared spectra of nonplanar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with five- or seven-membered rings.
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2015/02/20/
VL  - 448
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 52
SN  - 03010104
AB  - The infrared (IR) spectra are computed for compact polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with one five- or one seven-membered central ring, which have a bowl and saddle shape, respectively. In spite of the large geometric distortion compared with the planar PAHs with only six-membered rings, the IR spectra are surprisingly similar. Species with more than one five-membered ring show larger difference compared with typical PAHs. The C–C modes in the “ball” shaped C 60 and C 70 are shifted somewhat from those in typical PAHs. The ions of C 60 and C 70 show the typical enhancement of these modes compared with neutrals. Cases where the B3LYP method fail are discussed as is the choice of functional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - CHEMICAL species
KW  - ANALYTICAL chemistry
KW  - IONS
KW  - Choice of functional
KW  - DFT
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
N1  - Accession Number: 101411494; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Feb2015, Vol. 448, p43; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: CHEMICAL species; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: IONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Choice of functional; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.01.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dennis L Waldron
AU  - Amanda Preske
AU  - Joseph M Zawodny
AU  - Todd D Krauss
AU  - Mool C Gupta
T1  - Lead selenide quantum dot polymer nanocomposites.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2015/02/20/
VL  - 26
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - Optical absorption and fluorescence properties of PbSe quantum dots (QDs) in an Angstrom Bond AB9093 epoxy polymer matrix to form a nanocomposite were investigated. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported use of AB9093 as a QD matrix material and it was shown to out-perform the more common poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix in terms of preserving the optical properties of the QD, resulting in the first reported quantum yield (QY) for PbSe QDs in a polymer matrix, 26%. The 1-s first excitonic absorption peak of the QDs in a polymer matrix red shifted 65 nm in wavelength compared to QDs in a hexane solution, while the emission peak in the polymer matrix red shifted by 38 nm. The fluorescence QY dropped from 55% in hexane to 26% in the polymer matrix. A time resolved fluorescence study of the QDs showed single exponential lifetimes of 2.34 and 1.34 μs in toluene solution and the polymer matrix respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAD selenide crystals
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - POLYMERIC nanocomposites
KW  - LIGHT absorption
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
KW  - TOLUENE
N1  - Accession Number: 100758985; Dennis L Waldron 1 Amanda Preske 2 Joseph M Zawodny 3 Todd D Krauss 2 Mool C Gupta 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: 2/20/2015, Vol. 26 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: LEAD selenide crystals; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: POLYMERIC nanocomposites; Subject Term: LIGHT absorption; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Subject Term: TOLUENE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/075705
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100758985&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S.
T1  - Assessments of k-kL Turbulence Model Based on Menter’s Modification to Rotta’s Two-Equation Model.
JO  - International Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2015/02/26/
VL  - 2015
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 16875966
AB  - The main objective of this paper is to construct a turbulence model with a more reliable second equation simulating length scale. In the present paper, we assess the length scale equation based on Menter’s modification to Rotta’s two-equation model. Rotta shows that a reliable second equation can be formed in an exact transport equation from the turbulent length scale and kinetic energy. Rotta’s equation is well suited for a term-by-term modeling and shows some interesting features compared to other approaches. The most important difference is that the formulation leads to a natural inclusion of higher order velocity derivatives into the source terms of the scale equation, which has the potential to enhance the capability of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes to simulate unsteady flows. The model is implemented in the CFD solver with complete formulation, usage methodology, and validation examples to demonstrate its capabilities. The detailed studies include grid convergence. Near-wall and shear flows cases are documented and compared with experimental and large eddy simulation data. The results from this formulation are as good or better than the well-known shear stress turbulence model and much better than k-ε results. Overall, the study provides useful insights into the model capability in predicting attached and separated flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions
KW  - KINETIC energy
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 109224295; Abdol-Hamid, Khaled S. 1; Email Address: k.s.abdol-hamid@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23693, USA; Source Info: 2/26/2015, Vol. 2015, p1; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: EQUATIONS -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: KINETIC energy; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2015/987682
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109224295&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minhua Zhao
AU  - Bin Ming
AU  - Jae-Woo Kim
AU  - Luke J Gibbons
AU  - Xiaohong Gu
AU  - Tinh Nguyen
AU  - Cheol Park
AU  - Peter T Lillehei
AU  - J S Villarrubia
AU  - András E Vladár
AU  - J Alexander Liddle
T1  - New insights into subsurface imaging of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites via scanning electron microscopy.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2015/02/27/
VL  - 26
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - Despite many studies of subsurface imaging of carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer composites via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), significant controversy exists concerning the imaging depth and contrast mechanisms. We studied CNT-polyimide composites and, by three-dimensional reconstructions of captured stereo-pair images, determined that the maximum SEM imaging depth was typically hundreds of nanometers. The contrast mechanisms were investigated over a broad range of beam accelerating voltages from 0.3 to 30 kV, and ascribed to modulation by embedded CNTs of the effective secondary electron (SE) emission yield at the polymer surface. This modulation of the SE yield is due to non-uniform surface potential distribution resulting from current flows due to leakage and electron beam induced current. The importance of an external electric field on SEM subsurface imaging was also demonstrated. The insights gained from this study can be generally applied to SEM nondestructive subsurface imaging of conducting nanostructures embedded in dielectric matrices such as graphene-polymer composites, silicon-based single electron transistors, high resolution SEM overlay metrology or e-beam lithography, and have significant implications in nanotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy -- Technique
KW  - ELECTRON emission -- Research
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 100843535; Minhua Zhao 1,2; Email Address: minhua.zhao@nist.gov Bin Ming 3 Jae-Woo Kim 4 Luke J Gibbons 5 Xiaohong Gu 6 Tinh Nguyen 6 Cheol Park 4,7 Peter T Lillehei 4 J S Villarrubia 3 András E Vladár 3 J Alexander Liddle 1; Email Address: james.liddle@nist.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA  2: University of Maryland, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College Park, USA  3: Physical Measurement Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA  5: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA  6: Engineering Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA  7: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA; Source Info: 2/27/2015, Vol. 26 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy -- Technique; Subject Term: ELECTRON emission -- Research; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/26/8/085703
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100843535&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Waller, Jess M.
AU  - Saulsberry, Regor L.
AU  - Parker, Bradford H.
AU  - Hodges, Kenneth L.
AU  - Burke, Eric R.
AU  - Taminger, Karen M.
T1  - Summary of NDE of Additive Manufacturing Efforts in NASA.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 1650
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 62
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - One of the major obstacles slowing the acceptance of parts made by additive manufacturing (AM) in NASA applications is the lack of a broadly accepted materials and process quality systems; and more specifically, the lack of adequate nondestructive evaluation (NDE) processes integrated into AM. Matching voluntary consensus standards are also needed to control the consistency of input materials, process equipment, process methods, finished part properties, and how those properties are characterized. As for nondestructive characterization, procedures are needed to interrogate features unique to parts made by AM, such as fine-scale porosity, deeply embedded flaws, complex part geometry, and intricate internal features. The NDE methods developed must be tailored to meet materials, design and test requirements encountered throughout the part life cycle, whether during process optimization, real-time process monitoring, finished part qualification and certification (especially of flight hardware), or in situ health monitoring. Restated, individualized process/productspecific NDE methods are needed to satisfy NASA's various quality assurance requirements. To date, only limited data have been acquired by NASA on parts made by AM. This paper summarizes the NASA AM effort, highlights available NDE data, and outlines the approach NASA is taking to apply NDE to its various AM efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - THREE-dimensional printing
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - PROCESS optimization
KW  - QUALITY assurance
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 101902450; Waller, Jess M. 1; Email Address: jess.m.waller@nasa.gov Saulsberry, Regor L. 1; Email Address: regor.l.saulsberry@nasa.gov Parker, Bradford H. 2; Email Address: bradford.h.parker@nasa.gov Hodges, Kenneth L. 2; Email Address: kenneth.l.hodges@nasa.gov Burke, Eric R. 3; Email Address: eric.r.burke@nasa.gov Taminger, Karen M. 3; Email Address: karen.m.taminger@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88011  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1650 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional printing; Subject Term: POROSITY; Subject Term: PROCESS optimization; Subject Term: QUALITY assurance; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914594
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101902450&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Howell, Patricia A.
AU  - Zalameda, Joseph N.
T1  - Determination of Flaw Size from Thermographic Data.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 1650
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 280
EP  - 289
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Conventional methods for reducing the pulsed thermographic responses of delaminations tend to overestimate the size of the flaw. Since the heat diffuses in the plane parallel to the surface, the resulting temperature profile over the flaw is larger than the flaw. A variational method is presented for reducing the thermographic data to produce an estimated size for the flaw that is much closer to the true size of the flaw. The size is determined from the spatial thermal response of the exterior surface above the flaw and a constraint on the length of the contour surrounding the flaw. The technique is applied to experimental data acquired on a flat bottom hole composite specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - CONSTRAINT algorithms
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - HEAT exchangers
N1  - Accession Number: 101902477; Winfree, William P. 1 Howell, Patricia A. 2 Zalameda, Joseph N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 225, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001  2: Mail Stop 231, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-0001; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1650 Issue 1, p280; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: CONSTRAINT algorithms; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: HEAT exchangers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914621
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101902477&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ojard, Greg
AU  - Doza, Douglas
AU  - Zhong Ouyang
AU  - Angel, Paul
AU  - Smyth, Imelda
AU  - Santhosh, Unni
AU  - Ahmad, Jalees
AU  - Gowayed, Yasser
T1  - Thermal and Destructive Interrogation of Ceramic Matrix Composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 1650
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 305
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Ceramic matrix composites are intended for elevated temperature use and their performance at temperature must be clearly understood as insertion efforts are to be realized. Most efforts to understand ceramic matrix composites at temperature are based on their lifetime at temperature under stress based on fatigue or creep testing or residual testing after some combination of temperature, stress and time. While these efforts can be insightful especially based on their mechanical performance, there is no insight into how other properties are changing with thermal exposure. To gain additional insight into oxidation behavior of CMC samples, a series of fatigue and creep samples tested at two different temperatures were non-destructively interrogated after achieving run-out conditions by multiple thermal methods and limited X-ray CT. After non-destructive analysis, residual tensile tests were undertaken at room temperature. The resulting residual properties will be compared against the non-destructive data. Analysis will be done to see if data trends can be determined and correlated to the level and duration of exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - HIGH temperature physics
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - CREEP testing (Electricity)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - COMPUTED tomography
N1  - Accession Number: 101902479; Ojard, Greg 1; Email Address: ojardgc@utrc.utc.com Doza, Douglas 2 Zhong Ouyang 3 Angel, Paul 4 Smyth, Imelda 3 Santhosh, Unni 5 Ahmad, Jalees 6 Gowayed, Yasser 5; Affiliation:  1: United Technologies Research Center, 411 Silver Lane, East Hartford, CT 06108 USA  2: Vantage Partners, LLC 3000 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park, OH 44142 USA  3: Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main Street, East Hartford, CT 06108 USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA  5: Polymer and Fiber Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA  6: Structural Analytics, Inc.2888 Loker Ave. East, Suite 222, Carlsbad, CA 92010 USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1650 Issue 1, p298; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: HIGH temperature physics; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: CREEP testing (Electricity); Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: COMPUTED tomography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914623
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101902479&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kleppe, Nathan
AU  - Nurge, Mark A.
AU  - Bowler, Nicola
T1  - Dielectric Characterization of High-Performance Spaceflight Materials.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 1650
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 452
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - As commercial space travel increases, the need for reliable structural health monitoring to predict possible weaknesses or failures of structural materials also increases. Monitoring of these materials can be done through the use of dielectric spectroscopy by comparing permittivity or conductivity measurements performed on a sample in use to that of a pristine sample from 100 µHz to 3 GHz. Fluctuations in these measured values or of the relaxation frequencies, if present, can indicate chemical or physical changes occurring within the material and the possible need for maintenance/replacement. In this work, we establish indicative trends that occur due to changes in dielectric spectra during accelerated aging of various high-performance polymeric materials: ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), Poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Uses for these materials range from electrical insulation and protective coatings to windows and air- or space-craft parts that may be subject to environmental damage over long-term operation. Samples were prepared by thermal exposure and, separately, by ultraviolet/water-spray cyclic aging. The aged samples showed statistically-significant trends of either increasing or decreasing real or imaginary permittivity values, relaxation frequencies, conduction or the appearance of new relaxation modes. These results suggest that dielectric testing offers the possibility of nondestructive evaluation of the extent of age-related degradation in these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE industrialization
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - PERMITTIVITY
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 101902496; Kleppe, Nathan 1 Nurge, Mark A. 2 Bowler, Nicola 1,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA  2: Applied Physics Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899, USA  3: Center for Nondestructive Evaluation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011  4: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1650 Issue 1, p443; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE industrialization; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: PERMITTIVITY; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914640
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101902496&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeHaven, S. L.
AU  - Wincheski, R. A.
AU  - Albin, S.
T1  - Alkali Halide Microstructured Optical Fiber for X-ray Detection.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 1650
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 571
EP  - 578
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Microstructured optical fibers containing alkali halide scintillation materials of CsI(Na), CsI(Tl), and NaI(Tl) are presented. The scintillation materials are grown inside the microstructured fibers using a modified Bridgman-Stockbarger technique. The x-ray photon counts of these fibers, with and without an aluminum film coating are compared to the output of a collimated CdTe solid state detector over an energy range from 10 to 40 keV. The photon count results show significant variations in the fiber output based on the materials. The alkali halide fiber output can exceed that of the CdTe detector, dependent upon photon counter efficiency and fiber configuration. The results and associated materials difference are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM films
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - OPTICAL fibers
KW  - X-ray detection
KW  - ALKALI metal halides
KW  - SCINTILLATION spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 101902511; DeHaven, S. L. 1; Email Address: stanton.l.dehaven@nasa.gov Wincheski, R. A. 1; Email Address: russel.a.wincheski@nasa.gov Albin, S. 2; Email Address: salbin@nsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1650 Issue 1, p571; Subject Term: ALUMINUM films; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: OPTICAL fibers; Subject Term: X-ray detection; Subject Term: ALKALI metal halides; Subject Term: SCINTILLATION spectrometry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 4 Diagrams, 3 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914655
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101902511&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara A. C.
AU  - Seebo, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Guided Wave Energy Trapping to Detect Hidden Multilayer Delamination Damage.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 1650
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1162
EP  - 1169
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) and Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) simulation tools capable of modeling three-dimensional (3D) realistic energy-damage interactions are needed for aerospace composites. Current practice in NDE/SHM simulation for composites commonly involves over-simplification of the material parameters and/or a simplified two-dimensional (2D) approach. The unique damage types that occur in composite materials (delamination, microcracking, etc) develop as complex 3D geometry features. This paper discusses the application of 3D custom ultrasonic simulation tools to study wave interaction with multilayer delamination damage in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. In particular, simulation based studies of ultrasonic guided wave energy trapping due to multilayer delamination damage were performed. The simulation results show changes in energy trapping at the composite surface as additional delaminations are added through the composite thickness. The results demonstrate a potential approach for identifying the presence of hidden multilayer delamination damage in applications where only single-sided access to a component is available. The paper also describes recent advancements in optimizing the custom ultrasonic simulation code for increases in computation speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - WAVE energy
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 101902582; Leckey, Cara A. C. 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov Seebo, Jeffrey P. 2; Affiliation:  1: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1650 Issue 1, p1162; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: WAVE energy; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914726
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101902582&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wincheski, Buzz
AU  - Jae-Woo Kim
AU  - Sauti, Godfrey
AU  - Wainwright, Elliot
AU  - Williams, Phillip
AU  - Siochi, Emile J.
T1  - Nondestructive Evaluation Techniques for Development and Characterization of Carbon Nanotube Based Superstructures.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 1650
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1203
EP  - 1210
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Recently, multiple commercial vendors have developed capability for the production of large-scale quantities of high-quality carbon nanotube sheets and yarns [1]. While the materials have found use in electrical shielding applications, development of structural systems composed of a high volume fraction of carbon nanotubes is still lacking [2]. A recent NASA program seeks to address this by prototyping a structural nanotube composite with strength-toweight ratio exceeding current state-of-the-art carbon fiber composites. Commercially available carbon nanotube sheets, tapes, and yarns are being processed into high volume fraction carbon nanotube-polymer nanocomposites. Nondestructive evaluation techniques have been applied throughout this development effort for material characterization and process control. This paper will report on the progress of these efforts, including magnetic characterization of residual catalyst content, Raman scattering characterization of nanotube diameter and nanotube strain, and polarized Raman scattering for characterization of nanotube alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - POLYMERIC nanocomposites
KW  - RAMAN scattering
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 101902587; Wincheski, Buzz 1; Email Address: russell.a.wincheski@nasa.gov Jae-Woo Kim 2 Sauti, Godfrey 2 Wainwright, Elliot 3 Williams, Phillip 1 Siochi, Emile J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, 23681  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton VA, 23681  3: College of Wooster, Wooster OH, 44691; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1650 Issue 1, p1203; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: POLYMERIC nanocomposites; Subject Term: RAMAN scattering; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914731
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101902587&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cramer, K. Elliott
AU  - Perey, Daniel F.
AU  - Yost, William T.
T1  - Ultrasonic Inspection to Quantify Failure Pathologies of Crimped Electrical Connections.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/02/28/
VL  - 1650
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1820
EP  - 1825
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Previous work has shown that ultrasonic inspection provides a means of assessing electrical crimp quality that ensures the electrical and mechanical integrity of an initial crimp before the installation process is completed. The amplitude change of a compressional ultrasonic wave propagating at right angles to the wire axis and through the junction of a crimp termination was shown to correlate with the results of destructive pull tests, which is a standard for assessing crimp wire junction quality. Of additional concern are crimps made at high speed assembly lines for wiring harnesses, which are used for critical applications, such as in aircraft. During high-speed assembly it is possible that many faulty crimps go undetected until long after assembly, and fail in service. The position and speed of the crimping jaw become factors as the high-speed crimp is formed. The work presented in this paper is designed to cover the more difficult and more subtle area of high-speed crimps by taking into account the rate change of the measurements. Building on the previous work, we present an analysis methodology, based on transmitted ultrasonic energy and timing of the first received pulse that is shown to correlate to the gauge of the crimp/ferrule combination and the position of the crimping jaw. Results demonstrating the detectability of a number of the crimp failure pathologies, such as missing strands, partially inserted wires and incomplete crimp compression, are presented. The ability of this technique to estimate crimp height, a mechanical measure of crimp quality, is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRIMP connections
KW  - ULTRASONIC propagation
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
KW  - ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances -- Installation
KW  - SIGNAL integrity (Electronics)
KW  - ELECTRIC wire
KW  - FAULTS (Electric power systems)
N1  - Accession Number: 101902663; Cramer, K. Elliott 1; Email Address: k.elliott.cramer@nasa.gov Perey, Daniel F. 1 Yost, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS231, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1650 Issue 1, p1820; Subject Term: CRIMP connections; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC propagation; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRIC apparatus & appliances -- Installation; Subject Term: SIGNAL integrity (Electronics); Subject Term: ELECTRIC wire; Subject Term: FAULTS (Electric power systems); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335920 Communication and energy wire and cable manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Black and White Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914807
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balia, R. Jeffrey
T1  - Mach 10 Rayleigh Scattering Gas-Cap Density, Pressure, and Shock-Jump Measurements.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 756
EP  - 762
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Laser Rayleigh scattering measurements were performed along a 38.7 mm line in the gas cap created by a multipurpose crew vehicle model in the NASA Langley Research Center's 31 in. Mach 10 air wind tunnel. Data were acquired at a fixed stagnation temperature near 990 K, and five stagnation pressures spanning 2.41 to 10.0 MPa (350- 1454 psi). Data averaged over 371 images and 210 pixels per line produced measured gas-cap densities that agree with computed densities using the GASPROPS code within 1-5%. Gas-cap pressures calculated using measured off body densities and computed gas-cap temperatures agree with onbody surface-pressure measurements within 5 to 15%. A line-averaged shock-density ratio of 5.92 based on four stagnation pressures agrees with the expected value of 5.97 to ~1%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - FUEL caps
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - STIMULATED Raman scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 102656689; Balia, R. Jeffrey 1,2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Scientist, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493  3: Adjunct Professor, Physics Dept., Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p756; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: FUEL caps; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: STIMULATED Raman scattering; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053698
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102656689&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
T1  - Hydrogen bonds, interfacial stiffness moduli, and the interlaminar shear strength of carbon fiber-epoxy matrix composites.
JO  - AIP Advances
JF  - AIP Advances
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 21583226
AB  - The chemical treatment of carbon fibers used in carbon fiber-epoxy matrix composites greatly affects the fraction of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) formed at the fibermatrix interface. The H-bonds are major contributors to the fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength and play a direct role in the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composite. The H-bond contributions t to the ILSS and magnitudes KN of the fiber-matrix interfacial stiffness moduli of seven carbon fiber-epoxy matrix composites, subjected to different fiber surface treatments, are calculated from the Morse potential for the interactions of hydroxyl and carboxyl acid groups formed on the carbon fiber surfaces with epoxy receptors. The t calculations range from 7.7 MPa to 18.4 MPa in magnitude, depending on fiber treatment. The KN calculations fall in the range (2.01 - 4.67) ×1017 N m-3. The average ratio KN/|t| is calculated to be (2.59 ± 0.043) × 1010 m-1 for the seven composites, suggesting a nearly linear connection between ILSS and H-bonding at the fiber-matrix interfaces. The linear connection indicates that t may be assessable nondestructively from measurements of KN via a technique such as angle beam ultrasonic spectroscopy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Advances is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN bonding
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MOLECULAR association
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - INORGANIC fibers
KW  - TEXTILE fibers
N1  - Accession Number: 101882013; Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Research Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 5 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MOLECULAR association; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: INORGANIC fibers; Subject Term: TEXTILE fibers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314999 All Other Miscellaneous Textile Product Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313110 Fiber, Yarn, and Thread Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 314990 All other textile product mills; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4915315
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101882013&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christofidou-Solomidou, Melpo
AU  - Pietrofesa, Ralph A.
AU  - Arguiri, Evguenia
AU  - Schweitzer, Kelly S.
AU  - Berdyshev, Evgeny V.
AU  - McCarthy, Maureen
AU  - Corbitt, Astrid
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Yongjia Yu
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Solomides, Charalambos C.
AU  - Ullrich, Robert L.
AU  - Petrache, Irina
T1  - Space radiation-associated lung injury in a murine model.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology
Y1  - 2015/03//3/1/2015
VL  - 308
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - L416
EP  - L428
SN  - 10400605
AB  - Despite considerable progress in identifying health risks to crewmembers related to exposure to galactic/cosmic rays and solar particle events (SPE) during space travel, its long-term effects on the pulmonary system are unknown. We used a murine risk projection model to investigate the impact of exposure to space-relevant radiation (SR) on the lung. C3H mice were exposed to 137Cs gamma rays, protons (acute, low-dose exposure mimicking the 1972 SPE), 600 MeV/u 56Fe ions, or 350 MeV/u 28Si ions at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Animals were irradiated at the age of 2.5 mo and evaluated 23.5 mo postirradiation, at 26 mo of age. Compared with age-matched nonirradiated mice, SR exposures led to significant air space enlargement and dose-dependent decreased systemic oxygenation levels. These were associated with late mild lung inflammation and prominent cellular injury, with significant oxidative stress and apoptosis (caspase-3 activation) in the lung parenchyma. SR, especially high-energy 56Fe or 28Si ions markedly decreased sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and Akt- and p38 MAPK phosphorylation, depleted anti-senescence sirtuin-1 and increased biochemical markers of autophagy. Exposure to SR caused dose-dependent, pronounced late lung pathological sequelae consistent with alveolar simplification and cellular signaling of increased injury and decreased repair. The associated systemic hypoxemia suggested that this previously uncharacterized space radiation-associated lung injury was functionally significant, indicating that further studies are needed to define the risk and to develop appropriate lung-protective countermeasures for manned deep space missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Lung Cellular & Molecular Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION -- Physiological effect
KW  - LUNGS -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - PNEUMONIA
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - APOPTOSIS
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - 28Si
KW  - 56Fe
KW  - emphysema
KW  - gamma radiation
KW  - hypoxemia
KW  - inflammation
KW  - lung injury
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - protons
KW  - senescence
N1  - Accession Number: 101365659; Christofidou-Solomidou, Melpo 1; Email Address: melpo@mail.med.upenn.edu Pietrofesa, Ralph A. 1 Arguiri, Evguenia 1 Schweitzer, Kelly S. 2 Berdyshev, Evgeny V. 3 McCarthy, Maureen 4 Corbitt, Astrid 4 Alwood, Joshua S. 5 Yongjia Yu 4 Globus, Ruth K. 6 Solomides, Charalambos C. 7 Ullrich, Robert L. 4 Petrache, Irina 2,8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  2: Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana  3: Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois  4: University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, Texas  5: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, NASA Postdoctoral Program, Moffett Field, California  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  7: Department of Pathology, Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania  8: Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana; Source Info: 3/1/2015, Vol. 308 Issue 5, pL416; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: LUNGS -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: PNEUMONIA; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Subject Term: OXIDATIVE stress; Subject Term: APOPTOSIS; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; Author-Supplied Keyword: 28Si; Author-Supplied Keyword: 56Fe; Author-Supplied Keyword: emphysema; Author-Supplied Keyword: gamma radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: hypoxemia; Author-Supplied Keyword: inflammation; Author-Supplied Keyword: lung injury; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidative stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: protons; Author-Supplied Keyword: senescence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajplung.00260.2014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Almenara, J. M.
AU  - Damiani, C.
AU  - Bouchy, F.
AU  - Havel, M.
AU  - Bruno, G.
AU  - Hébrard, G.
AU  - Diaz, R. F.
AU  - Deleuil, M.
AU  - Barros, S. C. C.
AU  - Boisse, I.
AU  - Bonomo, A. S.
AU  - Montagnier, G.
AU  - Santerne, A.
T1  - SOPHIE velocimetry of Kepler transit candidates XV. KOI-614b, KOI-206b, and KOI-680b: a massive warm Jupiter orbiting a G0 metallic dwarf and two highly inflated planets with a distant companion around evolved F-type stars.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 575
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 00046361
AB  - We report the validation and characterization of three new transiting exoplanets using SOPHIE radial velocities: KOI-614b, KOI-206b, and KOI-680b. KOI-614b has a mass of 2.86 ± 0.35 MJup and a radius of 1.13+0.26-0.18 RJup, and it orbits a G0, metallic ([ Fe/H ] = 0.35 ± 0.15) dwarf in 12.9 days. Its mass and radius are familiar and compatible with standard planetary evolution models, so it is one of the few known transiting planets in this mass range to have an orbital period over ten days. With an equilibrium temperature of Teq = 1000 ± 45 K, this places KOI-614b at the transition between what is usually referred to as "hot" and "warm" Jupiters. KOI-206b has a mass of 2.82 ± 0.52 MJup and a radius of 1.45 ± 0.16 RJup, and it orbits a slightly evolved F7-type star in a 5.3-day orbit. It is a massive inflated hot Jupiter that is particularly challenging for planetary models because it requires unusually large amounts of additional dissipated energy in the planet. On the other hand, KOI-680b has a much lower mass of 0.84 ± 0.15 MJup and requires less extra-dissipation to explain its uncommonly large radius of 1.99 ± 0.18 RJup. It is one of the biggest transiting planets characterized so far, and it orbits a subgiant F9-star well on its way to the red giant stage, with an orbital period of 8.6 days. With host stars of masses of 1.46 ± 0.17 M⊙ and 1.54 ± 0.09 M⊙, respectively, KOI-206b, and KOI-680b are interesting objects for theories of formation and survival of short-period planets around stars more massive than the Sun. For those two targets, we also find signs of a possible distant additional companion in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in astronomy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - COSMOLOGICAL distances
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - techniques: radial velocities
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
N1  - Accession Number: 101964451; Almenara, J. M. 1,2,3; Email Address: josemanuel.almenara@oamp.fr Damiani, C. 1 Bouchy, F. 1 Havel, M. 4 Bruno, G. 1 Hébrard, G. 5,6 Diaz, R. F. 1,7 Deleuil, M. 1 Barros, S. C. C. 1 Boisse, I. 1 Bonomo, A. S. 8 Montagnier, G. 5,6 Santerne, A. 1,9,10; Affiliation:  1: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France  2: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France  3: CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France  4: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Ames Research Center, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Observatoire de Haute-Provence, 04670 Saint Michel l'Observatoire, France  6: Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095 CNRS, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France  7: Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève, 51 chemin des Maillettes, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland  8: INAF–Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  9: Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  10: Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 575, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in astronomy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: COSMOLOGICAL distances; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: radial velocities; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201424291
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101964451&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rigliaco, Elisabetta
AU  - Pascucci, I.
AU  - Duchene, G.
AU  - Edwards, S.
AU  - Ardila, D. R.
AU  - Grady, C.
AU  - Mendigutía, I.
AU  - Montesinos, B.
AU  - Mulders, G. D.
AU  - Najita, J. R.
AU  - Carpenter, J.
AU  - Furlan, E.
AU  - Gorti, U.
AU  - Meijerink, R.
AU  - Meyer, M. R.
T1  - PROBING STELLAR ACCRETION WITH MID-INFRARED HYDROGEN LINES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/03//3/1/2015
VL  - 801
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In this paper we investigate the origin of the mid-infrared (IR) hydrogen recombination lines for a sample of 114 disks in different evolutionary stages (full, transitional, and debris disks) collected from the Spitzer archive. We focus on the two brighter H I lines observed in the Spitzer spectra, the H I (7-6) at 12.37 μm and the H I (9-7) at 11.32 μm. We detect the H I (7-6) line in 46 objects, and the H I (9-7) in 11. We compare these lines with the other most common gas line detected in Spitzer spectra, the [Ne II] at 12.81 μm. We argue that it is unlikely that the H I emission originates from the photoevaporating upper surface layers of the disk, as has been found for the [Ne II] lines toward low-accreting stars. Using the H I (9-7)/H I (7-6) line ratios we find these gas lines are likely probing gas with hydrogen column densities of 1010-1011 cm–3. The subsample of objects surrounded by full and transitional disks show a positive correlation between the accretion luminosity and the H I line luminosity. These two results suggest that the observed mid-IR H I lines trace gas accreting onto the star in the same way as other hydrogen recombination lines at shorter wavelengths. A pure chromospheric origin of these lines can be excluded for the vast majority of full and transitional disks. We report for the first time the detection of the H I (7-6) line in eight young (<20 Myr) debris disks. A pure chromospheric origin cannot be ruled out in these objects. If the H I (7-6) line traces accretion in these older systems, as in the case of full and transitional disks, the strength of the emission implies accretion rates lower than 10–10M☼ yr–1. We discuss some advantages of extending accretion indicators to longer wavelengths, and the next steps required pinning down the origin of mid-IR hydrogen lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - REFRIGERANTS
KW  - SOLAR flares
N1  - Accession Number: 101410698; Rigliaco, Elisabetta 1,2; Email Address: elisabetta.rigliaco@phys.ethz.ch Pascucci, I. 1 Duchene, G. 3,4,5 Edwards, S. 6 Ardila, D. R. 7,8 Grady, C. 9,10 Mendigutía, I. 11 Montesinos, B. 12 Mulders, G. D. 1 Najita, J. R. 13 Carpenter, J. 14 Furlan, E. 15 Gorti, U. 16,17 Meijerink, R. 18 Meyer, M. R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Planetary Science, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland  3: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, Hearst Field Annex B-20, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  4: Universite de Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France  5: CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France  6: Five College Astronomy Department, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA  7: NASA Herschel Science Center, California Institute of Technology, MC 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: The Aerospace Corporation, M2-266, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA  9: Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer Street, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94602-3017, USA  10: Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Lab, Code 667, GoddardSpace Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  11: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK  12: Departamento de Astrofísica, Centro de Astrobiología, ESAC Campus, P.O. Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  13: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  14: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  15: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  16: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  17: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  18: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Source Info: 3/1/2015, Vol. 801 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: REFRIGERANTS; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/801/1/31
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101410698&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lednyts'kyy, O.
AU  - Von Savigny, C.
AU  - Eichmann, K.-U.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
T1  - Atomic oxygen retrievals in the MLT region from SCIAMACHY nightglow limb measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1021
EP  - 1041
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Vertical distributions of atomic oxygen concentration ([O]) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region were retrieved from sun-synchronous SCIAMACHY/ Envisat (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY on board the Environmental Satellite) limb measurements of the oxygen 557.7 nm green line emission in the terrestrial nightglow. A band pass filter was applied to eliminate contributions from other emissions, the impact of measurement noise and auroral activity. Vertical volume emission rate profiles were retrieved from integrated limb-emission rate profiles under the assumption that each atmospheric layer is horizontally homogeneous and absorption and scattering can be neglected. The radiative transfer problem was solved using regularized total least squares minimization in the inversion procedure. Atomic oxygen concentration profiles were retrieved from data collected for altitudes in the range 85-105 km with approximately 4 km vertical resolution during the time period from August 2002 to April 2012 at approximately 22:00 local time. The retrieval of [O] profiles was based on the generally accepted two-step Barth transfer scheme including consideration of quenching processes and the use of different available sources of temperature and atmospheric density profiles. A sensitivity analysis was performed for the retrieved [O] profiles to estimate maximum uncertainties assuming independent contributions of uncertainty components. Errors in photochemical model parameters depending on temperature uncertainties and random errors of model parameters contribute less than 50% to the overall [O] retrieval error. The retrieved [O] profiles were compared with reference [O] profiles provided by SABER/TIMED (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry instrument on board the Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics satellite) or by the NRLMSISE-00 (Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter radar Extended model, year: 2000) and SDWACCM4 (Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with Specified Dynamics, version 4). A comparison of the retrieved [O] profiles with the reference [O] profiles led to the conclusion that the photochemical model taking into account quenching of O(1S) by O2, O(3P), and N2 and the SABER/TIMED model as a source of temperature and density profiles are the most appropriate choices for our case. The retrieved [O] profile time series exhibits characteristic seasonal variations in agreement with satellite observations based on analysis of OH Meinel band emissions and atmospheric models. A pronounced 11-year solar cycle variation can also be identified in the retrieved atomic oxygen concentration time series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution
KW  - EMISSION control
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AIR pollution monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 102024665; Lednyts'kyy, O. 1; Email Address: olexandr.lednytskyy@uni-greifswald.de Von Savigny, C. 1 Eichmann, K.-U. 2 Mlynczak, M. G. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany  2: Institute of Environmental Physics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p1021; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETIC oxygen evolution; Subject Term: EMISSION control; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AIR pollution monitoring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-1021-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spuler, S. M.
AU  - Repasky, K. S.
AU  - Morley, B.
AU  - Moen, D.
AU  - Hayman, M.
AU  - Nehrir, A. R.
T1  - Field-deployable diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) for profiling water vapor.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1073
EP  - 1087
SN  - 18671381
AB  - A field-deployable water vapor profiling instrument that builds on the foundation of the preceding generations of diode-laser-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) laboratory prototypes was constructed and tested. Significant advances are discussed, including a unique shared telescope design that allows expansion of the outgoing beam for eye-safe operation with optomechanical and thermal stability; multistage optical filtering enabling measurement during daytime bright-cloud conditions; rapid spectral switching between the online and offline wavelengths enabling measurements during changing atmospheric conditions; and enhanced performance at lower ranges by the introduction of a new filter design and the addition of a wide field-of-view channel. Performance modeling, testing, and intercomparisons are performed and discussed. In general, the instrument has a 150m range resolution with a 10 min temporal resolution; 1 min temporal resolution in the lowest 2 km of the atmosphere is demonstrated. The instrument is shown capable of autonomous long-term field operation - 50 days with a >95% uptime - under a broad set of atmospheric conditions and potentially forms the basis for a ground-based network of eye-safe autonomous instruments needed for the atmospheric sciences research and forecasting communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - THERMAL stability
KW  - THERMAL properties
N1  - Accession Number: 102024668; Spuler, S. M. 1; Email Address: spuler@ucar.edu Repasky, K. S. 2 Morley, B. 1 Moen, D. 2 Hayman, M. 1 Nehrir, A. R. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  2: Montana State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p1073; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: THERMAL stability; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-1073-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kindel, B. C.
AU  - Pilewskie, P.
AU  - Schmidt, K. S.
AU  - Thornberry, T.
AU  - Rollins, A.
AU  - Bui, T.
T1  - Upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere water vapor retrievals from the 1400 and 1900nm water vapor bands.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1147
EP  - 1156
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Measuring water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is difficult due to the low mixing ratios found there, typically only a few parts per million. Here we examine near-infrared spectra acquired with the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) during the first science phase of the NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX). From the 1400 and 1900 nm absorption bands we infer water vapor amounts in the tropical tropopause layer and adjacent regions between altitudes of 14 and 18 km. We compare these measurements to solar transmittance spectra produced with the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model, using in situ water vapor, temperature, and pressure profiles acquired concurrently with the SSFR spectra. Measured and modeled transmittance values agree within 0.002, with some larger differences in the 1900 nm band (up to 0.004). Integrated water vapor amounts along the absorption path lengths of 3 to 6 km varied from 1.26×10-4 to 4.59×10-4 g cm-2. A 0.002 difference in absorptance at 1367 nm results in a 3.35×10-5 g cm-2 change of integrated water vapor amounts; 0.004 absorptance change at 1870 nm results in 5.50×10-5 g cm-2 of water vapor. These are 27% (1367 nm) and 44% (1870 nm) differences at the lowest measured value of water vapor (1.26×10-4 g cm-2/ and 7% (1367 nm) and 12% (1870 nm) differences at the highest measured value of water vapor (4.59×10-4 g cm-2). A potential method for extending this type of measurement from aircraft flight altitude to the top of the atmosphere is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor -- Measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 102024673; Kindel, B. C. 1; Email Address: kindel@lasp.colorado.edu Pilewskie, P. 1,2 Schmidt, K. S. 1 Thornberry, T. 3,4 Rollins, A. 3,4 Bui, T. 5; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado, Campus Box 311, Boulder, CO, USA  3: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA  4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p1147; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor -- Measurement; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-1147-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knobelspiesse, K.
AU  - van Diedenhoven, B.
AU  - Marshak, A.
AU  - Dunagan, S.
AU  - Holben, B.
AU  - Slutsker, I.
T1  - Cloud thermodynamic phase detection with polarimetrically sensitive passive sky radiometers.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1537
EP  - 1554
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The primary goal of this project has been to investigate if ground-based visible and near-infrared passive radiometers that have polarization sensitivity can determine the thermodynamic phase of overlying clouds, i.e., if they are comprised of liquid droplets or ice particles. While this knowledge is important by itself for our understanding of the global climate, it can also help improve cloud property retrieval algorithms that use total (unpolarized) radiance to determine cloud optical depth (COD). This is a potentially unexploited capability of some instruments in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET), which, if practical, could expand the products of that global instrument network at minimal additional cost. We performed simulations that found, for zenith observations, that cloud thermodynamic phase is often expressed in the sign of the Q component of the Stokes polarization vector. We chose our reference frame as the plane containing solar and observation vectors, so the sign of Q indicates the polarization direction, parallel (positive) or perpendicular (parallel) to that plane. Since the fraction of linearly polarized to total light is inversely proportional to COD, optically thin clouds are most likely to create a signal greater than instrument noise. Besides COD and instrument accuracy, other important factors for the determination of cloud thermodynamic phase are the solar and observation geometry (scattering angles between 40 and 60° are best), and the properties of ice particles (pristine particles may have halos or other features that make them difficult to distinguish from water droplets at specific scattering angles, while extreme ice crystal aspect ratios polarize more than compact particles). We tested the conclusions of our simulations using data from polarimetrically sensitive versions of the Cimel 318 sun photometer/radiometer that compose a portion of AERONET. Most algorithms that exploit Cimel polarized observations use the degree of linear polarization (DoLP), not the individual Stokes vector elements (such as Q). Ability to determine cloud thermodynamic phase depends on Q measurement accuracy, which has not been rigorously assessed for Cimel instruments. For this reason, we did not know if cloud phase could be determined from Cimel observations successfully. Indeed, comparisons to ceilometer observations with a single polarized spectral channel version of the Cimel at a site in the Netherlands showed little correlation. Comparisons to lidar observations with a more recently developed, multi-wavelength polarized Cimel in Maryland, USA, show more promise. The lack of well-characterized observations has prompted us to begin the development of a small test instrument called the Sky Polarization Radiometric Instrument for Test and Evaluation (SPRITE). This instrument is specifically devoted to the accurate observation of Q, and the testing of calibration and uncertainty assessment techniques, with the ultimate goal of understanding the practical feasibility of these measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - POLARIZATION microscopy
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - CLOUDS -- Thermodynamics
KW  - CLOUD physics
N1  - Accession Number: 102024698; Knobelspiesse, K. 1; Email Address: kirk.knobelspiesse@nasa.gov van Diedenhoven, B. 2,3 Marshak, A. 4 Dunagan, S. 1 Holben, B. 4 Slutsker, I. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA  3: Columbia University, New York, NY, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p1537; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: POLARIZATION microscopy; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Thermodynamics; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-1537-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102024698&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gandhiraman, Ram P.
AU  - Manickam, Gowri
AU  - Kerr, Laura
AU  - Dixit, Chandra K.
AU  - Doyle, Colin
AU  - Williams, David E.
AU  - Daniels, Stephen
T1  - Plasma-Fabricated Surface Plasmon Resonance Chip for Biosensing.
JO  - Australian Journal of Chemistry
JF  - Australian Journal of Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 68
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 447
EP  - 452
SN  - 00049425
AB  - This work reports the fabrication of a biosensing chip surface designed for plasmonic detection, and features a layer of noble metal nanoparticles encapsulated as a sandwich within amine-functionalized polysiloxane layers formed by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The collective surface plasmon resonance (CSPR) phenomenon characteristic of a dense particle layer is demonstrated for encapsulated gold nanoparticles of different diameters. Biomolecular immobilization is carried out through the amine functional groups that are part of the encapsulating layer. The detection of biomolecular binding events at the sensor surface is demonstrated both by a shift in resonance wavelength at constant angle of incidence using SPR-enhanced spectroscopic ellipsometry and by detecting the angular shift in resonance in a commercial SPR instrument (Biacore®). Taken with other results, this work shows how a complete SPR chip can be assembled by a rapid sequence of operations in a single plasma chamber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Australian Journal of Chemistry is the property of CSIRO Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - PLASMONS (Physics)
KW  - GOLD nanoparticles
KW  - AMINES
KW  - PLASMONICS (Electronics)
N1  - Accession Number: 101721034; Gandhiraman, Ram P. 1,2 Manickam, Gowri 1 Kerr, Laura 1 Dixit, Chandra K. 3 Doyle, Colin 4 Williams, David E. 5; Email Address: david.williams@auckland.ac.nz Daniels, Stephen 1; Affiliation:  1: Biomedical Diagnostics Institute (BDI), Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin-9, Ireland  2: Current address: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail stop 229-1, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin-9, Ireland  4: Research Centre for Surface and Materials Science, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand  5: MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 68 Issue 3, p447; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: PLASMONS (Physics); Subject Term: GOLD nanoparticles; Subject Term: AMINES; Subject Term: PLASMONICS (Electronics); Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 3557
L3  - 10.1071/CH14324
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Stier, Bertram
AU  - Simon, Jaan-W.
AU  - Reese, Stefanie
AU  - Pineda, Evan J.
T1  - Meso- and micro-scale modeling of damage in plain weave composites.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 258
EP  - 270
SN  - 02638223
AB  - This paper presents a comparison of meso- and micro-scale approaches to modeling progressive damage in plain weave reinforced polymer matrix composites. The meso-scale approach treats the woven composite tows as effective materials, utilizing an anisotropic progressive continuum damage model. The micro-scale approach utilizes the Generalized Method of Cells semi-analytical micromechanics theory to represent the nonlinear response of the tows, wherein the same progressive damage model, now specialized to initially isotropic materials, is used to model the matrix material within the tows. For consistency, the micro-scale nonlinear tow predictions were used to characterize the anisotropic damage model for the tows for use in the meso-scale approach. The damage model thus plays a key role in the presented study as it must be three-dimensional to admit the in-situ stress state within the woven composite tows, and it must capture the coupling between directional damage components that is predicted by the micro-scale model for the tows. The developed three-dimensional, energy based, anisotropic, stiffness reduction damage model was implemented within Abaqus as a user constitutive model and within the Generalized Method of Cells. Hence, the identical plain weave composite geometry, modeled in Abaqus, was used in the meso-scale approach (with the anisotropic damage model representing the tows) and in the micro-scale approach (with the Generalized Method of Cells representing the tows). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - WOVEN composites
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Damage
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Micromechanics
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Woven composites
N1  - Accession Number: 100134550; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: Brett.A.Bednarcyk@nasa.gov Stier, Bertram 2 Simon, Jaan-W. 2 Reese, Stefanie 2 Pineda, Evan J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Institute of Applied Mechanics (IFAM), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 121, p258; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: WOVEN composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Woven composites; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.11.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gantt, B.
AU  - Johnson, M. S.
AU  - Crippa, M.
AU  - Prévôt, A. S. H.
AU  - Meskhidze, N.
T1  - Implementing marine organic aerosols into the GEOS-Chem model.
JO  - Geoscientific Model Development
JF  - Geoscientific Model Development
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 619
EP  - 629
SN  - 1991959X
AB  - Marine-sourced organic aerosols (MOAs) have been shown to play an important role in tropospheric chemistry by impacting surface mass, cloud condensation nuclei, and ice nuclei concentrations over remote marine and coastal regions. In this work, an online marine primary organic aerosol emission parameterization, designed to be used for both global and regional models, was implemented into the GEOS-Chem (Global Earth Observing System Chemistry) model. The implemented emission scheme improved the large underprediction of organic aerosol concentrations in clean marine regions (normalized mean bias decreases from -79% when using the default settings to -12% when marine organic aerosols are added). Model predictions were also in good agreement (correlation coefficient of 0.62 and normalized mean bias of -36 %) with hourly surface concentrations of MOAs observed during the summertime at an inland site near Paris, France. Our study shows that MOAs have weaker coastal-to-inland concentration gradients than seasalt aerosols, leading to several inland European cities having >10% of their surface submicron organic aerosol mass concentration with a marine source. The addition of MOA tracers to GEOS-Chem enabled us to identify the regions with large contributions of freshly emitted or aged aerosol having distinct physicochemical properties, potentially indicating optimal locations for future field studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geoscientific Model Development is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEA salt aerosols
KW  - GLOBAL modeling systems
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY -- Mathematical models
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - ICE nuclei
N1  - Accession Number: 101895567; Gantt, B. 1; Email Address: bdgantt@gmail.com Johnson, M. S. 2 Crippa, M. 3 Prévôt, A. S. H. 3 Meskhidze, N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA  2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p619; Subject Term: SEA salt aerosols; Subject Term: GLOBAL modeling systems; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: ICE nuclei; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/gmd-8-619-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Massa, Gioia
AU  - Graham, Thomas
AU  - Haire, Tim
AU  - Flemming II, Cedric
AU  - Newsham, Gerard
AU  - Wheeler, Raymond
T1  - Light-emitting Diode Light Transmission through Leaf Tissue of Seven Different Crops.
JO  - HortScience
JF  - HortScience
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 50
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 506
SN  - 00185345
AB  - Significant advances in controlled-environment (CE) plant production lighting have been made in recent years, driven by rapid improvements in light-emitting diode (LED) technologies. Aside from energy efficiency gains, LEDs offer the ability to customize the spectrum delivered to a crop, which may have untold benefits for growers and researchers alike. Understanding how these specific wavebands are attenuated by plant tissue is important if lighting engineers are to fully optimize systems for CE plant production. In this study, seven different greenhouse and field crops (radish, Raphanus sativus 'Cherry Bomb II'; red romaine lettuce, Lactuca sativa 'Outredgeous', green leaf lettuce, Lactuca sativa 'Waldmann's Green'; pepper, Capsicum attnuum 'Fruit Basket'; soybean, Glycine max 'Hovt'; cucumber, Cucumis sativus 'Spacemaster'; canola, Brassica napus 'Westar') were grown in CE chambers under two different light intensities (225 and 420 µmol⋅m-2⋅s-1). Intact, fully expanded upper canopy leaves w ere used to determine the level of light transmission, at two to three different plant ages, across seven different wavebands with peaks at 400, 450, 530, 595, 630, 655, and 735 nm. The photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) environment that plants were grown in affected light transmission across the different LED wavelengths in a crop-dependent manner. Plant age had no effect on light transmission at the time intervals examined. Specific waveband transmission from the seven LED sources varied similarly across plant types with low transmission of blue and red wavelengths, intermediate transmission of green and amber wavelengths, and the highest transmission at the far-red wavelengths. Higher native PPF increased anthocyanin levels in red romaine lettuce compared with the lower native PPF treatment. Understanding the differences in light transmission will inform the development of novel, energy-saving lighting architectures for CE plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of HortScience is the property of American Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EFFECT of light on plants
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LIGHT emitting diodes
KW  - CROPS -- Research
KW  - TRANSMISSION of light
KW  - LEAVES
KW  - anthocyanin
KW  - bioregenerative life support
KW  - canola
KW  - chlorophyll content
KW  - controlled-environment plant production
KW  - cucumber
KW  - intracanopy
KW  - lettuce
KW  - pepper
KW  - radish
KW  - soybean
N1  - Accession Number: 109156411; Massa, Gioia 1; Email Address: gioia.massa@nasa.gov Graham, Thomas 1 Haire, Tim 1 Flemming II, Cedric 1 Newsham, Gerard 1 Wheeler, Raymond 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Merritt Island, FL 32899; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 50 Issue 3, p501; Subject Term: EFFECT of light on plants; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LIGHT emitting diodes; Subject Term: CROPS -- Research; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION of light; Subject Term: LEAVES; Author-Supplied Keyword: anthocyanin; Author-Supplied Keyword: bioregenerative life support; Author-Supplied Keyword: canola; Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorophyll content; Author-Supplied Keyword: controlled-environment plant production; Author-Supplied Keyword: cucumber; Author-Supplied Keyword: intracanopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: lettuce; Author-Supplied Keyword: pepper; Author-Supplied Keyword: radish; Author-Supplied Keyword: soybean; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Quarles, Billy L.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
T1  - Dynamical evolution of the Earth–Moon progenitors – Whence Theia?
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 248
M3  - Article
SP  - 318
EP  - 339
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We present integrations of a model Solar System with five terrestrial planets (beginning ∼30–50 Myr after the formation of primitive Solar System bodies) in order to determine the preferred regions of parameter space leading to a Giant Impact that resulted in the formation of the Moon. Our results indicate which choices of semimajor axes and eccentricities for Theia (the proto-Moon) at this epoch can produce a late Giant Impact, assuming that Mercury, Venus, and Mars are near the current orbits. We find that the likely semimajor axis of Theia, at the epoch when our simulations begin, depends on the assumed mass ratio of Earth–Moon progenitors (8/1, 4/1, or 1/1). The low eccentricities of the terrestrial planets are most commonly produced when the progenitors have similar semimajor axes at the epoch when our integrations commence. Additionally, we show that mean motion resonances among the terrestrial planets and perturbations from the giant planets can affect the dynamical evolution of the system leading to a late Giant Impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH-Moon physics
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY theories
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - SPACE sciences
KW  - Moon
KW  - Origin, Solar System
KW  - Planetary dynamics
KW  - Resonances, orbital
N1  - Accession Number: 100156080; Quarles, Billy L. 1 Lissauer, Jack J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 248, p318; Subject Term: EARTH-Moon physics; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY theories; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: SPACE sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin, Solar System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances, orbital; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Leonard, Gregory J.
AU  - Platz, Thomas
AU  - Tanaka, Kenneth L.
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Gulick, Virginia
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Glines, Natalie
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Jianguo, Yan
AU  - Oguma, Midori
T1  - New insights into the Late Amazonian zonal shrinkage of the martian south polar plateau.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 248
M3  - Article
SP  - 407
EP  - 411
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The martian south polar plateau, Planum Australe, comprises the largest known water–ice surface deposit on the planet. Here, we present evidence for an episode of extensive polar plateau retreat during the Late Amazonian, which affected regions flanking circum-polar terrains located between Cavi Angusti and Sisyphi Montes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANUM Australe (Mars)
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC deposition
KW  - PLATEAUS
KW  - SOUTH Pole
KW  - Ices
KW  - Mars
KW  - Polar caps
KW  - Polar geology
N1  - Accession Number: 100156061; Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. 1,2 Leonard, Gregory J. 3 Platz, Thomas 2,4 Tanaka, Kenneth L. 5 Kargel, Jeffrey S. 3 Fairén, Alberto G. 6 Gulick, Virginia 1,7 Baker, Victor R. 3 Glines, Natalie 1 Miyamoto, Hideaki 8 Jianguo, Yan 9 Oguma, Midori 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA  3: Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Planetary Sciences & Remote Sensing, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany  5: Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 426 Space Sciences Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  7: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  9: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 248, p407; Subject Term: PLANUM Australe (Mars); Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC deposition; Subject Term: PLATEAUS; Subject Term: SOUTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar caps; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polar geology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.08.047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gilli, G.
AU  - López-Valverde, M.A.
AU  - Peralta, J.
AU  - Bougher, S.
AU  - Brecht, A.
AU  - Drossart, P.
AU  - Piccioni, G.
T1  - Carbon monoxide and temperature in the upper atmosphere of Venus from VIRTIS/Venus Express non-LTE limb measurements.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 248
M3  - Article
SP  - 478
EP  - 498
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The upper mesosphere and the lower thermosphere of Venus (from 90 to 150 km altitude) seems to play a transition region in photochemistry, dynamics and radiation, but is still very poorly constrained observationally. Since 2006 VIRTIS on board Venus Express has been obtaining limb observations of CO fluorescent infrared emissions in a systematic manner. This study represents the scientific exploitation of this dataset and reports new information on the composition and temperature at those altitudes. This work is focused on the 4.7 μ m emission of CO as observed by VIRTIS, which contains two emission bands, the fundamental and the first hot of the main CO isotope. A specific scheme for a simultaneous retrieval of CO and temperature is proposed, based on results of a comprehensive non-LTE model of these molecular emissions. A forward model containing such non-LTE model is used at the core of an inversion scheme that consists of two steps: (i) a minimization procedure of model-data differences and (ii) a linear inversion around the solution of the first step. A thorough error analysis is presented, which shows that the retrievals of CO and temperature are very noisy but can be improved by suitable averaging of data. These averages need to be consistent with the non-LTE nature of the emissions. Unfortunately, the data binning process reduced the geographical coverage of the results. The obtained retrieval results indicate a global distribution of the CO in the Venus dayside with a maximum around the sub-solar point, and a decrease of a factor 2 towards high latitudes. Also a gradient from noon to the morning and evening sides is evident in the equator, this being smaller at high latitudes. No morning–afternoon differences in the CO concentration are observed, or are comparable to our retrieval errors. All this argues for a CO distribution controlled by dynamics in the lower thermosphere, with a dominant sub-solar to anti-solar gradient. Similar variations are found with the Venus Thermospheric General Circulation Model (VTGCM), but the VIRTIS CO is systematically larger than in the model. The thermal structure obtained by VIRTIS presents a hint of local maximum around 115 km near the terminator at equatorial latitudes, but not at noon, in clear contrast to VTGCM predictions and to an upper mesosphere in pure radiative balance. A few tentative ideas to explain these model-data discrepancies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - LOCAL thermodynamic equilibrium
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - OBSERVATIONS
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Terrestrial planets
KW  - Venus atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 100156062; Gilli, G. 1,2 López-Valverde, M.A. 1 Peralta, J. 1 Bougher, S. 3 Brecht, A. 4 Drossart, P. 5 Piccioni, G. 6; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía, Granada, Spain  2: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Paris, France  3: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, 5 place Jules Janssen, Meudon, France  6: IAPS-INAF, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 248, p478; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: LOCAL thermodynamic equilibrium; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: OBSERVATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus atmosphere; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.10.047
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sacchi, Claudio
AU  - Bhasin, Kul
AU  - Kadowaki, Naoto
AU  - Vong, Fred
T1  - Toward the "space 2.0" Era [Guest Editorial].
JO  - IEEE Communications Magazine
JF  - IEEE Communications Magazine
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 16
EP  - 17
SN  - 01636804
AB  - The word "satellite" has historically meant global radio coverage, long-distance inter-continental telephony, global TV broadcast, precise localization available in the sky and across the oceans. This was consequential to the early studies about geo-stationary orbits carried out since the visionary paper of A.C. Clarke published in "Wireless World" in 1945. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Communications Magazine is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - TELEPHONE systems
KW  - TELEVISION broadcasting
KW  - RADIO (Medium)
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION
KW  - Globalization
KW  - Long Term Evolution
KW  - Mobile communication
KW  - Radio communication
KW  - Satellite broadcasting
KW  - Special issues and sections
KW  - Wireless communication
N1  - Accession Number: 101734047; Sacchi, Claudio 1 Bhasin, Kul 2 Kadowaki, Naoto 3 Vong, Fred 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Genoa (Italy)  2: NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio, USA  3: University of Tohoku, Sendai, Japan  4: Asia Satellite Telecommunications Co. Ltd. in Hong Kong; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p16; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: TELEPHONE systems; Subject Term: TELEVISION broadcasting; Subject Term: RADIO (Medium); Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Globalization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long Term Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mobile communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite broadcasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Special issues and sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wireless communication; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515111 Radio Networks; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517910 Other telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517911 Telecommunications Resellers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 811213 Communication Equipment Repair and Maintenance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334220 Radio and Television Broadcasting and Wireless Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 515120 Television Broadcasting; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7060476
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wissa, Aimy
AU  - Grauer, Jared
AU  - Guerreiro, Nelson
AU  - Hubbard, James
AU  - Altenbuchner, Cornelia
AU  - Tummala, Yashwanth
AU  - Frecker, Mary
AU  - Roberts, Richard
T1  - Free Flight Testing and Performance Evaluation of a Passively Morphing Ornithopter.
JO  - International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles
JF  - International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 40
SN  - 17568293
AB  - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are proliferating in both the civil and military markets. Flapping wing UAVs, or ornithopters, have the potential to combine the agility and maneuverability of rotary wing aircraft with excellent performance in the low Reynolds number flight regimes. The purpose of this paper is to present new free flight experimental results for an ornithopter equipped with single degree of freedom compliant spines. The compliant spines are designed and optimized in terms of mass, maximum von-Mises stress, and desired wing bending deflections. The spines are inserted in an experimental ornithopter wing leading edge spar, in order to achieve a set of desired kinematics during the up and down strokes of a flapping cycle. The ornithopter is flown at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in the Air Force Research Laboratory Small Unmanned Air Systems (SUAS) indoor flight facility. Vicon® motion tracking cameras are used to track the motion of the vehicle for four different wing configurations. The effect of the presence of the compliant spine on the wings and body kinematics, as well as the leading edge spar deflection during free flight is presented in this paper. Several metrics were used to evaluate the vehicle performance with various compliant spine designs inserted in the leading edge spar of the wings. Results show that passively morphing the wings, via adding compliance in the leading edge spar, does not require additional power expenditure and is beneficial to the overall vertical and horizontal propulsive force production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ORNITHOPTERS
KW  - WING-warping (Aerodynamics)
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Performance
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 101486350; Wissa, Aimy 1 Grauer, Jared 2 Guerreiro, Nelson 3 Hubbard, James 3 Altenbuchner, Cornelia 3 Tummala, Yashwanth 4 Frecker, Mary 4 Roberts, Richard 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois 61801  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Dynamic Systems and Controls Branch, MS 308, Hampton, VA 23681  3: University of Maryland, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA, 23666  4: Pennsylvania State University, 314D Leonhard Building University Park, PA, 18602  5: Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, 45433; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p21; Subject Term: ORNITHOPTERS; Subject Term: WING-warping (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Performance; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1260/1756-8293.7.1.21
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Yuru
AU  - Zeng, Xiangwu
AU  - Agui, Juan
T1  - Developing a Lightweight Martian Soil Simulant for a High-Sinkage Mobility Test.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The geotechnical properties of Martian soils are critical parameters in predicting and simulating soil behavior with regard to vehicle performance on Mars. In preparation for manned or robotic missions to Mars, surface vehicles must be tested on terrains that represent the mechanical characteristics of the Martian ground. This paper presents the development of a lightweight simulant and its preparation method to emulate the mechanical properties of Martian soil for high sinkage mobility tests. A geotechnical testing program was developed to measure specific gravity, particle size distribution, bulk density, compression indices and shear strength. The simulant can achieve the typical Martian regolith density range, which is approximately 38% of that on earth. This is of particular importance because strength parameters of granular materials, which characterize the plastic behavior of soil samples in sinkage tests, are controlled by the effective confining pressure, which itself is induced by gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SOILS
KW  - GEOTECHNICAL engineering
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - Geotechnical
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mobility
KW  - Particle size distribution
KW  - Simulant
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Sinkage
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Spacecraft
N1  - Accession Number: 101024521; Li, Yuru 1 Zeng, Xiangwu 2 Agui, Juan 3; Affiliation:  1: Research Assistant, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201.  2: Frank H. Neff Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve Univ., 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106-7201 (corresponding author). E-mail: ;  3: Research Scientist, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 BrookPark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135.; Source Info: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SOILS; Subject Term: GEOTECHNICAL engineering; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geotechnical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mobility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle size distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sinkage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000377
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
AU  - Lee-Rausch, E. M.
T1  - NASA Trapezoidal Wing Computations Including Transition and Advanced Turbulence Modeling.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 496
EP  - 509
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Flow about the NASA trapezoidal wing is computed with several turbulence models by using grids from the first high-lift prediction workshop in an effort to advance understanding of computational fluid dynamics modeling for this type of flowfield. Transition is accounted for in many of the computations. In particular, a recently developed four-equation transition model is used and works well overall. Accounting for transition tends to increase lift and decrease moment, which improves agreement with the experiment. Upper surface flap separation is reduced, and agreement with experimental surface pressures and velocity profiles is improved. The predicted shape of wakes from upstream elements is strongly influenced by grid resolution in regions above the main and flap elements. Turbulence model enhancements to account for rotation and curvature have the general effect of increasing lift and improving the resolution of the wing-tip vortex as it convects downstream. However, none of the models improve the prediction of flap surface pressures near the wing tip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 102200072; Rumsey, C. L. 1; Email Address: C.L.Rumsey@nasa.gov Lee-Rausch, E. M. 1; Email Address: E.Lee-Rausch@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p496; Subject Term: TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032754
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102200072&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gould, Kevin
AU  - Lovejoy, Andrew E.
AU  - Jegley, Dawn
AU  - Neal, Albert L.
AU  - Linton, Kim A.
AU  - Bergan, Andrew C.
AU  - Bakuckas Jr, John G.
T1  - Nonlinear Analysis and Experimental Behavior of a Curved Unitized Stitched Panel.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 628
EP  - 637
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept, developed by The Boeing Company, has been extensively studied as part of NASA's environmentally responsible aviation project. The pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept provides a lightweight alternative to aluminum or traditional composite design concepts and is applicable to traditional-shaped fuselage barrels and wings, as well as advanced configurations such as a hybrid wing-body or truss-braced wings. Therefore, NASA, the Federal Aviation Administration, and The Boeing Company partnered in an effort to assess the performance and damage arrestments capabilities of the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept by testing a full-scale curved panel in the Federal Aviation Administration full-scale aircraft structural test evaluation and research facility. Testing was conducted in this facility by subjecting the panel to axial tension loads applied to the ends of the panel, internal pressure, and combined axial tension and internal pressure loadings. Additionally, reactive hoop loads were applied to the skin and frames of the panel along its edges. The panel successfully supported the required design loads in the pristine condition and with a severed stiffener. The panel also demonstrated that the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure concept could arrest the progression of damage, including crack arrestment and crack turning. This paper presents the nonlinear posttest analysis and correlation with test results for the curved pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure panel. It is shown that nonlinear analysis can accurately calculate the behavior of this panel under tension, pressure, and combined loading conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - STRUCTURAL frames
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 102200083; Gould, Kevin 1 Lovejoy, Andrew E. 2 Jegley, Dawn 2 Neal, Albert L. 3 Linton, Kim A. 4 Bergan, Andrew C. 5 Bakuckas Jr, John G. 6; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Boeing Company, Berkeley, Missouri 63134  4: Boeing Company, Seal Beach, California 90740  5: Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104  6: Federal Aviation Administration William J. Hughes Technical Center, Atlantic City International Airport, New Jersey 08405; Source Info: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p628; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL frames; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238350 Finish Carpentry Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238130 Framing Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032808
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102200083&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Ulbrich, Norbert M.
AU  - Harris, Colin P.
T1  - Experimental Design Considerations for Calibration of Semispan Force Measurement Systems.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 638
EP  - 649
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Experimental design considerations for the development of calibration load schedules are discussed for the characterization of traditional five-component semispan balances used in aerodynamic ground testing applications. Detail is given on traditional semispan balance design, use of these types of balances, and a survey of some of the calibration systems currently used to calibrate these measurement systems. Techniques are presented to develop experimental calibration designs used to calibrate these instruments, with consideration given to accounting for physical limitations existing within these calibration systems. The techniques provided rely on traditional statistical engineering approaches, leveraging off of statistics-based experimental design techniques and analysis metrics used to assess the characteristics of the designs. Methods used for optimal design techniques are presented, with a case study given that details the comparison of these statistics-based metrics for traditional and optimized calibration load schedule designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - FLIGHT testing
N1  - Accession Number: 102200084; Lynn, Keith C. 1 Commo, Sean A. 1 Ulbrich, Norbert M. 2 Harris, Colin P. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Jacobs Technology, lnc., Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Triumph Group, Inc., San Diego, California 92121; Source Info: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p638; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032811
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102200084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allen, Albert R.
AU  - Przekop, Adam
T1  - Vibroacoustic Tailoring of a Rod-Stiffened Composite Fuselage Panel with Multidisciplinary Considerations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 692
EP  - 702
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An efficient multi-objective design tailoring procedure seeking to improve the vibroacoustic performance of a fuselage panel while maintaining or reducing weight is presented. The structure considered is the pultruded rod stitched efficient unitized structure, a highly integrated composite structure concept designed for a noncylindrical, next-generation flight vehicle fuselage. Modifications to a baseline design are evaluated within a six-parameter design space including spacing, flange width, and web height for both frame and stringer substructure components. The change in sound power radiation attributed to a design change is predicted using finite-element models sized and meshed for analyses in the 500 Hz, 1 kHz, and 2 kHz octave bands. Three design studies are carried out in parallel while considering a diffuse acoustic field excitation and two types of turbulent boundary-layer excitation. Kriging surrogate models are used to reduce the computational costs of resolving the vibroacoustic and weight objective Pareto fronts. The resulting Pareto optimal designs are then evaluated under a static pressurization ultimate load to assess structural strength and stability. Results suggest that choosing alternative configurations within the considered design space can reduce weight and improve vibroacoustic performance without compromising strength and stability of the structure under the static load condition considered, but the tradeoffs are significantly influenced by the spatial characteristics of the assumed excitation field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - DEAD loads (Mechanics)
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 102200089; Allen, Albert R. 1; Email Address: albert.r.allen@nasa.gov Przekop, Adam 1; Email Address: adam.przekop@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p692; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: DEAD loads (Mechanics); Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033071
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102200089&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siskind, David E.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Marshall, Tom
AU  - Friedrich, Martin
AU  - Gumbel, Jörg
T1  - Implications of odd oxygen observations by the TIMED/SABER instrument for lower D region ionospheric modeling.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 70
SN  - 13646826
AB  - We document the variability in atomic oxygen inferred by the Sounding of the Atmosphere with Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the NASA/TIMED satellite in the lower mesosphere (50–80 km altitude) according to its diurnal, latitudinal, seasonal and solar cycle components. The dominant variation is diurnal and latitudinal. Below 75 km, seasonal and solar cycle effects are less than 5%. Accordingly, we have developed a simple climatology that depends upon local time and latitude and applied it to a model of the D region of the ionosphere. Between 60 and 70 km, atomic oxygen is important in governing the ratio of negative ions to electrons. Using the SABER O climatology along with a previously published climatology of nitric oxide based upon UARS/HALOE data, we compare our model results both to previous calculations and to a profile of electron density [e − ] acquired by a rocket launched from Kwajalein Atoll. The model results are shown to be consistent with previously published calculations, but the comparison with the data reveals a dramatic discrepancy whereby the calculated [e − ] is over an order of magnitude less than the observations below 65 km. The most plausible explanation involves changing the partition of negative charge between molecules such as O 2 which rapidly dissociate in sunlight versus heavier, more stable negative ions. Although observations of [e − ] below 70 km are difficult and infrequent, more research should be invested to evaluate the pervasiveness and the seasonal, latitudinal and diurnal morphology of this model [e − ] deficit. This may have practical implications as empirical models of the ionosphere predict a secondary maximum in HF radio absorption in the 70 km altitude region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - IONOSPHERE
KW  - RADIOMETRY
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - ANIONS
KW  - D region
KW  - Ionosphere
KW  - Mesosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 101092632; Siskind, David E. 1; Email Address: david.siskind@nrl.navy.mil Mlynczak, Martin G. 2 Marshall, Tom 3 Friedrich, Martin 4 Gumbel, Jörg 5; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  3: GATS Inc., Hampton, VA, United States  4: Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria  5: MISU, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 124, p63; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Subject Term: RADIOMETRY; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: ANIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: D region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesosphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.01.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101092632&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yan, Hongru
AU  - Huang, Jianping
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Yi, Yuhong
AU  - Sun-Mack, Sunny
AU  - Wang, Tianhe
AU  - Nakajima, Takashi Y.
T1  - Comparison of CERES-MODIS cloud microphysical properties with surface observations over Loess Plateau.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 153
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
EP  - 76
SN  - 00224073
AB  - To enhance the utility of satellite-derived cloud properties for studying the role of clouds in climate change and the hydrological cycle in semi-arid areas, it is necessary to know their uncertainties. This paper estimates the uncertainties of several cloud properties by comparing those derived over the China Loess Plateau from the MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra and Aqua by the Clouds and Earth׳s Radiant Energy System (CERES) with surface observations at the Semi-Arid Climate and Environment Observatory of Lanzhou University (SACOL). The comparisons use data from January 2008 to June 2010 limited to single layer and overcast stratus conditions during daytime. Cloud optical depths ( τ ) and liquid water paths (LWP) from both Terra and Aqua generally track the variation of the surface counterparts with modest correlation, while cloud effective radius ( r e ) is only weakly correlated with the surface retrievals. The mean differences between Terra and the SACOL retrievals are −4.7±12.9, 2.1±3.2 μm and 30.2±85.3 g m −2 for τ , r e and LWP, respectively. The corresponding differences for Aqua are 2.1±8.4, 1.2±2.9 μm and 47.4±79.6 g m −2 , respectively. Possible causes for biases of satellite retrievals are discussed through statistical analysis and case studies. Generally, the CERES-MODIS cloud properties have a bit larger biases over the Loess Plateau than those in previous studies over other locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - SURFACE phenomenon
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - LOESS Plateau (China)
KW  - Cloud microphysical properties
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Validation
N1  - Accession Number: 100797358; Yan, Hongru 1 Huang, Jianping 1; Email Address: hjp@lzu.edu.cn Minnis, Patrick 2 Yi, Yuhong 3 Sun-Mack, Sunny 4 Wang, Tianhe 1 Nakajima, Takashi Y. 5; Affiliation:  1: Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems, Ministry of Education, Research School of Arid Environment and Climate Change, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China  4: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  5: Research and Information Center, Tokai University, Tokyo, Japan; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 153, p65; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SURFACE phenomenon; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: LOESS Plateau (China); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud microphysical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.09.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100797358&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kiemle, C.
AU  - Ehret, G.
AU  - Kawa, S.R.
AU  - Browell, E.V.
T1  - The global distribution of cloud gaps in CALIPSO data.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 153
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Future space-borne lidar missions are foreseen to measure global concentrations of methane, carbon dioxide and aerosols with high sensitivity and to relate the concentrations to their surface sources and sinks. Therefore, full visibility down to the surface is required. We use Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) level-2 total atmosphere cloud optical depths for the full year 2007 to assess the global and seasonal variability of such cloud-free regions with high accuracy and spatial resolution (5 km), both to contribute to an improved scientific understanding of their distribution and to identify clear regions where the above missions are expected to significantly add to the current global observation system. The global length distribution of cloudy and of cloud-free regions is strongly skewed towards a high probability of occurrence of small lengths and roughly follows a power law with exponent −5/3 up to scales of about 1000 km. Belts with extended cloud-free regions span along the subtropics, seasonally interrupted by monsoon systems. In winter large parts of the Arctic are less cloudy than in summer. Over regions with intense anthropogenic or biogenic aerosol and greenhouse gas emissions, low cloud cover is found in India and Northeast China in winter and in Amazonia, the USA, and Central Asia in summer. Here, favorable conditions for key contributions by the next generation of remote sensing missions are encountered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Cloud length distribution
KW  - Cloud-free regions
KW  - Space lidar missions
N1  - Accession Number: 100797363; Kiemle, C. 1; Email Address: Christoph.Kiemle@dlr.de Ehret, G. 1 Kawa, S.R. 2; Email Address: stephan.r.kawa@nasa.gov Browell, E.V. 3; Email Address: edward.v.browell@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: STARSS II Affiliate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 153, p95; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud length distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud-free regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space lidar missions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.12.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100797363&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Adrian J.
AU  - Michaels, Timothy I.
AU  - Byrne, Shane
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Titus, Timothy N.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Wolff, Michael J.
AU  - Videen, Gorden
AU  - Grund, Christian J.
T1  - The case for a modern multiwavelength, polarization-sensitive LIDAR in orbit around Mars.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 153
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 143
SN  - 00224073
AB  - We present the scientific case to build a multiple-wavelength, active, near-infrared (NIR) instrument to measure the reflected intensity and polarization characteristics of backscattered radiation from planetary surfaces and atmospheres. We focus on the ability of such an instrument to enhance, potentially revolutionize, our understanding of climate, volatiles and astrobiological potential of modern-day Mars. Such an instrument will address the following three major science themes, which we address in this paper: Science Theme 1. Surface . This would include global, night and day mapping of H 2 O and CO 2 surface ice properties. Science Theme 2. Ice Clouds . This would including unambiguous discrimination and seasonal mapping of CO 2 and H 2 O ice clouds. Science Theme 3. Dust Aerosols . This theme would include multiwavelength polarization measurements to infer dust grain shapes and size distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ORBITS
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - LIDAR
KW  - Light scattering
KW  - Müller matrix
KW  - Mars
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Symmetry
N1  - Accession Number: 100797350; Brown, Adrian J. 1; Email Address: abrown@seti.org Michaels, Timothy I. 1 Byrne, Shane 2 Sun, Wenbo 3 Titus, Timothy N. 4 Colaprete, Anthony 5 Wolff, Michael J. 6 Videen, Gorden 6 Grund, Christian J. 7; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0092, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., USA  4: U.S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, USA  6: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut St., Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  7: Lightworks, LLC, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 153, p131; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ORBITS; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: LIDAR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Light scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Müller matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Symmetry; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2014.10.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100797350&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kazemba, Cole D.
AU  - Braun, Robert D.
AU  - Schoenenberger, Mark
AU  - Clark, Ian G.
T1  - Dynamic Stability Analysis of Blunt-Body Entry Vehicles Using Time-Lagged Aftbody Pitching Moments.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/03//Mar/Apr2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
EP  - 403
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This analysis defines an analytic model for the pitching motion of blunt bodies during atmospheric entry. The proposed model is independent of the pitch-damping sum coefficient present in the standard formulation of the equations of motion describing pitch oscillations of a decelerating blunt body, instead using the principle of a time-lagged aftbody moment as the forcing function for oscillation divergence. It is shown that the dynamic oscillation responses typical to blunt bodies can be produced using hysteresis of the aftbody moment in place of the pitch-damping coefficient Four parameters, all with intuitive physical relevance, are introduced to fully define the aftbody moment and the associated time delay. The approach used in this investigation is shown to be useful in understanding the governing physical mechanisms for blunt-body dynamic stability and in guiding vehicle and mission design requirements. A validation case study using simulated ballistic range test data is conducted. From this, parameter identification is carried out through the use of a least-squares optimizing routine. Results show good agreement with the limited existing literature for the parameters identified, suggesting that the model proposed could be validated by a limited experimental ballistic range test series or with existing data. The trajectories produced by the identified parameters are found to match closely those from the Mars Exploration Rover ballistic range tests for a range of initial conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EQUATIONS of motion
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BALLISTICS
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - HYSTERESIS
N1  - Accession Number: 102071059; Kazemba, Cole D. 1 Braun, Robert D. 2 Schoenenberger, Mark 3 Clark, Ian G. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0150  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109; Source Info: Mar/Apr2015, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p393; Subject Term: EQUATIONS of motion; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BALLISTICS; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: HYSTERESIS; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32894
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102071059&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rogers, Brendan M.
AU  - Soja, Amber J.
AU  - Goulden, Michael L.
AU  - Randerson, James T.
T1  - Influence of tree species on continental differences in boreal fires and climate feedbacks.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 228
EP  - 234
SN  - 17520894
AB  - Wildfires are common in boreal forests around the globe and strongly influence ecosystem processes. However, North American forests support more high-intensity crown fires than Eurasia, where lower-intensity surface fires are common. These two types of fire can result in different net effects on climate as a consequence of their contrasting impacts on terrestrial albedo and carbon stocks. Here we use remote-sensing imagery, climate reanalysis data and forest inventories to evaluate differences in boreal fire dynamics between North America and Eurasia and their key drivers. Eurasian fires were less intense, destroyed less live vegetation, killed fewer trees and generated a smaller negative shortwave forcing. As fire weather conditions were similar across continents, we suggest that different fire dynamics between the two continents resulted from their dominant tree species. In particular, species that have evolved to spread and be consumed by crown fires as part of their life cycle dominate North American boreal forests. In contrast, tree species that have evolved to resist and suppress crown fires dominate Eurasian boreal forests. We conclude that species-level traits must be considered in global evaluations of the effects of fire on emissions and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Geoscience is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MULTIPURPOSE trees
KW  - TAIGAS
KW  - FOREST fires
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
N1  - Accession Number: 102418937; Rogers, Brendan M. 1 Soja, Amber J. 2 Goulden, Michael L. 1 Randerson, James T. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA  2: Climate Science and Chemistry and Dynamics Branches, National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p228; Subject Term: MULTIPURPOSE trees; Subject Term: TAIGAS; Subject Term: FOREST fires; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo2352
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102418937&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaomei Lu
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
T1  - Accuracy of land surface elevation from CALIPSO mission data.
JO  - Optical Engineering
JF  - Optical Engineering
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 00913286
AB  - We assess the accuracy of land surface elevation retrieved from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) mission through comparisons with the U.S. Geological Survey National Elevation Dataset (NED), Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), and the altimetry product from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System onboard the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). The vertical accuracy of the CALIPSO-derived land surface elevation was tested against these three datasets for about 16 million lidar shots over the continental United States. The results show that the CALIPSO-derived elevation was highly correlated with the elevation result from the NED, SRTM, and ICESat datasets. The overall absolute vertical accuracies of the CALIPSO-derived land surface elevation expressed as the root mean square error (RMSE) are 5.58 and 5.90 m when compared with the SRTM and NED results, respectively. Lower accuracy of the CALIPSO-derived land surface elevation was achieved by comparison with the ICESat results (8.35-m RMSE), primarily due to the several kilometers distance between the CALIPSO and ICESat ground footprints. The results show that the variability in terrain, vegetation, canopy, and footprint size can all influence comparisons between the CALIPSO-derived elevation and the results obtained from NED, SRTM, and ICESat datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optical Engineering is the property of SPIE - International Society of Optical Engineering and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - RADAR -- Research
KW  - OPTICS
KW  - OPTICAL engineering -- Research
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - laser altimetry
KW  - lidar
N1  - Accession Number: 102116732; Xiaomei Lu 1 Yongxiang Hu 2; Email Address: yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 1 Enterprise Parkway Suite 200, Hampton, Virginia 23666, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Climate Science Branch, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: RADAR -- Research; Subject Term: OPTICS; Subject Term: OPTICAL engineering -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: laser altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: lidar; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1117/1.OE.54.3.031102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102116732&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - COWAN, N. B.
AU  - GREENE, T.
AU  - ANGERHAUSEN, D.
AU  - BATALHA, N. E.
AU  - CLAMPIN, M.
AU  - COLÓN, K.
AU  - CROSSFIELD, I. J. M.
AU  - FORTNEY, J. J.
AU  - GAUDI, B. S.
AU  - HARRINGTON, J.
AU  - IRO, N.
AU  - LILLIE, C. F.
AU  - LINSKY, J. L.
AU  - LOPEZ-MORALES, M.
AU  - MANDELL, A. M.
AU  - STEVENSON, K. B.
T1  - Characterizing Transiting Planet Atmospheres through 2025.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 127
IS  - 949
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 327
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The discovery of planets around other stars is revolutionizing our notions of planet formation and is poised to do the same for planetary climate. Studying transiting planets is complementary to eventual studies of directly imaged planets: (1) we can readily measure the mass and radius of transiting planets, linking atmospheric properties to bulk composition and formation, (2) many transiting planets are strongly irradiated and exhibit novel atmospheric physics, and (3) the most common temperate terrestrial planets orbit close to red dwarf stars and are difficult to image directly. We have only been able to comprehensively characterize the atmospheres of a handful of transiting planets, because most orbit faint stars. The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) will discover transiting planets orbiting the brightest stars, enabling, in principle, an atmospheric survey of 10²-10³ bright hot Jupiters and warm sub-Neptunes. Uniform observations of such a statistically significant sample would provide leverage to understand--and learn from--the diversity of short-period planets, and would identify the minority of truly special planets worthy of more intensive follow-up. We argue that the best way to maximize the scientific returns of TESS is to adopt a triage approach. A space mission consisting of a ~1 m telescope with an optical-NIR spectrograph could measure molecular absorption for nonterrestrial planets discovered by TESS, as well as eclipses and phase variations for the hottest jovians. Such a mission could observe up to 10³ transits per year, thus enabling it to survey a large fraction of the bright (J < 11) hot-Jupiters and warm sub-Neptunes TESS is expected to find. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) could be used to perform detailed atmospheric characterization of the most interesting transiting targets (transit, eclipse, and--when possible--phase-resolved spectroscopy). TESS is also expected to discover a few temperate terrestrial planets transiting nearby M-Dwarfs. Characterizing these worlds will be time-intensive: JWST will need months to provide tantalizing constraints on the presence of an atmosphere, planetary rotational state, clouds, and greenhouse gases. Future flagship missions should be designed to provide better constraints on the habitability of M-Dwarf temperate terrestrial planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - INDUSTRIAL surveys
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
N1  - Accession Number: 101757380; COWAN, N. B. 1; Email Address: ncowan@amherst.edu GREENE, T. 2 ANGERHAUSEN, D. 3 BATALHA, N. E. 4 CLAMPIN, M. 3 COLÓN, K. 5 CROSSFIELD, I. J. M. 6 FORTNEY, J. J. 7 GAUDI, B. S. 8 HARRINGTON, J. 9 IRO, N. 10 LILLIE, C. F. 11 LINSKY, J. L. 12 LOPEZ-MORALES, M. 13 MANDELL, A. M. 2 STEVENSON, K. B. 14; Affiliation:  1: Amherst College, Amherst, MA 01002  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771  4: Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801  5: Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015  6: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  7: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064  8: Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210  9: University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816  10: Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany  11: Lillie Consulting, Houston, TX 77008  12: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309  13: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138  14: University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 127 Issue 949, p311; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: INDUSTRIAL surveys; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaomin Du
AU  - Bernardes, Sergio
AU  - Daiyong Cao
AU  - Jordan, Thomas R.
AU  - Zhen Yan
AU  - Guang Yang
AU  - Zhipeng Li
T1  - Self-Adaptive Gradient-Based Thresholding Method for Coal Fire Detection Based on ASTER Data—Part 2, Validation and Sensitivity Analysis.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2015/03//
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2602
EP  - 2626
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The self-adaptive gradient-based thresholding (SAGBT) method is a simple non-interactive coal fire detection approach involving segmentation and a threshold identification algorithm that adapts to the spatial distribution of thermal features over a landscape. SAGBT detects coal fire using multispectral thermal images acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor. The method was detailed by our previous work "Self-Adaptive Gradient-Based Thresholding Method for Coal Fire Detection Based on ASTER Data—Part 1, Methodology". The current study evaluates the performance of SAGBT and validates its results by using ASTER thermal infrared (TIR) images and ground temperature data collected at the Wuda coalfield (China) during satellite overpass. We further analyzed algorithm performance by using nighttime TIR images and images from different seasons. SAGBT-derived fires matched fire spots measured in the field with an average offset of 32.44 m and a matching rate of 70%-85%. Coal fire areas from TIR images generally agreed with coal-related anomalies from visible-near infrared (VNIR) images. Further, high-temperature pixels in the ASTER image matched observed coal fire areas, including the major extreme high-temperature regions derived from field samples. Finally, coal fires detected by daytime and by nighttime images were found to have similar spatial distributions, although fires differ in shape and size. Results included the stratification of our study site into two temperature groups (high and low temperature), using a fire boundary. We conclude that SAGBT can be successfully used for coal fire detection and analysis at our study site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED detectors
KW  - REMOTE sensing -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - COMBINED combustion of coal & gas
KW  - EMISSION control
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER)
KW  - simultaneous field measurement
KW  - spontaneous combustion of coal seam-validations
KW  - thermal infrared remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 101808602; Xiaomin Du 1,2; Email Address: xiaomin@uga.edu Bernardes, Sergio 3; Email Address: sergio.bernardes@nasa.gov Daiyong Cao 1; Email Address: cdy@cumtb.edu Jordan, Thomas R. 2; Email Address: tombob@uga.edu Zhen Yan 4; Email Address: yzhead@uga.edu Guang Yang 1; Email Address: yg0817@163.com Zhipeng Li 5; Email Address: lizhipeng428@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China  2: Center for Geospatial Research, Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA  3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA  5: College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p2602; Subject Term: INFRARED detectors; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: COMBINED combustion of coal & gas; Subject Term: EMISSION control; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER); Author-Supplied Keyword: simultaneous field measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: spontaneous combustion of coal seam-validations; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal infrared remote sensing; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs70302602
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101808602&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. E. Roser
AU  - A. Ricca
T1  - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON CLUSTERS AS SOURCES OF INTERSTELLAR INFRARED EMISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/03/10/
VL  - 801
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (or PAHs) have been the subject of astrochemical research for several decades as principal sources of the interstellar aromatic infrared emission bands. PAH clusters could possibly contribute to these emission bands, but a lack of data on their infrared properties has made this hypothesis difficult to evaluate. Here we investigate homogeneous neutral PAH clusters by measuring the mid-infrared absorption spectra of the five nonlinear PAH molecules phenanthrene, chrysene, pyrene, perylene, and benzo[ghi]perylene within solid argon ice at a fixed temperature of 5 K. We attribute observed spectral shifts in their principal absorption bands as a function of argon/PAH ratio to clustering of the PAH molecules within the argon matrix. These shifts are related to the cluster structures forming in the matrix and the topology of the monomer PAH molecule. We predict that interstellar PAH molecules that are relatively large (no fewer than 50 carbon atoms per molecule) and compact will have clusters that contribute to the asymmetrically red-shaded profile of the interstellar 11.2 μm emission band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - MONOMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 101514058; J. E. Roser 1,2; Email Address: Joseph.E.Roser@nasa.gov A. Ricca 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-6, Building N245, Room 148, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2015, Vol. 801 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: MONOMERS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/801/2/108
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101514058&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Acar, E.
AU  - Ded, G.S.
AU  - Saghaian, S.M.
AU  - Basaran, B.
AU  - Tobe, H.
AU  - Kok, M.
AU  - Maier, H.J.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Microstructure and transformation related behaviors of a Ni45.3Ti29.7Hf20Cu5 high temperature shape memory alloy.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2015/03/11/
VL  - 627
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 94
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Effects of heat treatment temperature and time on the microstructure and shape memory behaviors (e.g. transformation temperatures, load-biased shape memory effect, superelasticity, two-way shape memory effect, and related properties) were investigated in a Ni 45.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 Cu 5 (at%) high temperature polycrystalline shape memory alloy. Heat treatments could be used to control the TTs and to a lesser extent recoverable and irrecoverable strains. The Ni 45.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 Cu 5 alloy was capable of recovering shape memory strains of up to 2% at temperatures above 100 °C under high compressive stresses (700 MPa) and up to 0.8% TWSME strain was possible after a non-intense stress-cycling training process. However, due to high Clausius–Clapeyron slopes, large temperature hysteresis, and a strong dependence of transformation stress on temperature, fully recoverable superelastic behavior was not observed because plastic deformation occurred concurrently with the stress-induced martensitic transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - NiTiHfCu alloys
KW  - Phase transformation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Shape memory effect
KW  - TWSME
N1  - Accession Number: 101000753; Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karacahaluk@uky.edu Acar, E. 1,2 Ded, G.S. 1 Saghaian, S.M. 1 Basaran, B. 1 Tobe, H. 1 Kok, M. 3 Maier, H.J. 4 Noebe, R.D. 5 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: Department of Aircraft Engineering, Erciyes University, Melikgazi, Kayseri 38039, Turkey  3: Department of Physics, Science Faculty, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey  4: Institut für Werkstoffkunde (Materials Science), Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30823 Garbsen, Germany  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials & Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  6: Siberian Physical–Technical Institute at Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 627, p82; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHfCu alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: TWSME; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2014.12.111
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101000753&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yan, Jianguo
AU  - Xu, Luyuan
AU  - Li, Fei
AU  - Matsumoto, Koji
AU  - Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Dohm, James M.
T1  - Lunar core structure investigation: Implication of GRAIL gravity field model.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2015/03/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1721
EP  - 1727
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The details of the structure of the core are important to understanding the evolution and thermal history of the Moon. Even with existing information, including seismic measurements from the Apollo mission, as well as geodetic measurements from Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR) data and gravity, it is still difficult to constrain the size of the lunar core and its density with certainty. Here, we investigate the radius and density of the lunar core using simple constraints of the estimated mean density and mean moment of inertia of the Moon with the help of a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm. This includes a comparison between the results based from the more recent GRAIL gravity field model GRGM660PRIM with those of the gravity field model SGM100h. Analysis through an improved gravity field model indicates that the lunar core is smaller and denser than previously estimated, and the result (a core radius with 370 km) is consistent with more recent result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR laser ranging
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - THERMOCHRONOMETRY
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Lunar core density
KW  - Lunar core radius
KW  - Lunar mean density
KW  - Lunar mean moment of inertia
KW  - Monte Carlo simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 101092784; Yan, Jianguo 1,2; Email Address: jgyan_511@163.com Xu, Luyuan 3; Email Address: luyuanxu@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp Li, Fei 1; Email Address: fli@whu.edu.cn Matsumoto, Koji 2; Email Address: koji.matsumoto@nao.ac.jp Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. 4; Email Address: alexis@psi.edu Miyamoto, Hideaki 3; Email Address: hm@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp Dohm, James M. 3; Email Address: jmd@um.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Affiliation:  1: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China  2: RISE Project, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Oshu 0230861, Japan  3: The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1130033, Japan  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 55 Issue 6, p1721; Subject Term: LUNAR laser ranging; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: THERMOCHRONOMETRY; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar core density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar core radius; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar mean density; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar mean moment of inertia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monte Carlo simulation; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2014.12.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Hongbin
AU  - Chin, Mian
AU  - Bian, Huisheng
AU  - Yuan, Tianle
AU  - Prospero, Joseph M.
AU  - Omar, Ali H.
AU  - Remer, Lorraine A.
AU  - Winker, David M.
AU  - Yang, Yuekui
AU  - Zhang, Yan
AU  - Zhang, Zhibo
T1  - Quantification of trans-Atlantic dust transport from seven-year (2007–2013) record of CALIPSO lidar measurements.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/03/15/
VL  - 159
M3  - Article
SP  - 232
EP  - 249
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The trans-Atlantic dust transport has important implications for human and ecosystem health, the terrestrial and oceanic biogeochemical cycle, weather systems, and climate. This study provides an observation-based multiyear estimate of trans-Atlantic dust transport using a 7-year (2007–2013) record of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) measurements of the three dimensional distribution of aerosol backscatter, extinction and depolarization ratio in both cloud-free and above-cloud conditions. We estimate that on a basis of the 7-year average and integration over 10°S–30°N, 182 Tg a − 1 dust leaves the coast of North Africa at 15°W, of which 132 Tg a − 1 and 43 Tg a − 1 reaches 35°W and 75°W, respectively. These flux estimates have an overall known uncertainty of ±(45–70)%. Because of lack of reliable observations, uncertainties associated with the diurnal variation of dust and the missing below-cloud dust cannot be quantified. Significant seasonal variations are observed in both the magnitude of total dust mass flux and its meridional and vertical distributions. The interannual variability of annual dust mass flux is highly anti-correlated with the prior-year Sahel Precipitation Index. Using only cloud-free aerosol observations to calculate dust mass flux could introduce a high bias when compared with all-sky conditions that include both cloud-free and above-cloud aerosol observations. The bias is about 20% at 35°W and 75°W in boreal winter and spring based on the 7-year average, as long as dust within and below low-level clouds is negligible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DUST
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - ECOSYSTEM health
KW  - SAHEL
KW  - Aerosol
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - Dust
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Transport
N1  - Accession Number: 101411389; Yu, Hongbin 1,2; Email Address: Hongbin.Yu@nasa.gov Chin, Mian 2 Bian, Huisheng 2,3 Yuan, Tianle 2,3 Prospero, Joseph M. 4 Omar, Ali H. 5 Remer, Lorraine A. 3 Winker, David M. 5 Yang, Yuekui 2,6 Zhang, Yan 2,6 Zhang, Zhibo 7; Affiliation:  1: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  2: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Joint Center for Earth Science and Technology, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  4: Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  6: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA  7: Department of Physics, University of Maryland at Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA; Source Info: Mar2015, Vol. 159, p232; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM health; Subject Term: SAHEL; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2014.12.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101411389&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hegde, Siddharth
AU  - Paulino-Lima, Ivan G.
AU  - Kent, Ryan
AU  - Kaltenegger, Lisa
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn
T1  - Surface biosignatures of exo-Earths: Remote detection of extraterrestrial life.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2015/03/31/
VL  - 112
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3886
EP  - 3891
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Exoplanet discovery has made remarkable progress, with the first rocky planets having been detected in the central star's liquid water habitable zone. The remote sensing techniques used to characterize such planets for potential habitability and life rely solely on our understanding of life on Earth. The vegetation red edge from terrestrial land plants is often used as a direct signature of life, but it occupies only a small niche in the environmental parameter space that binds life on present-day Earth and has been widespread for only about 460 My. To more fully exploit the diversity of the one example of life known, we measured the spectral characteristics of 137 microorganisms containing a range of pigments, including ones isolated from Earth's most extreme environments. Our database covers the visible and near-infrared to the short-wavelength infrared (0.35-2.5 μm) portions of the electromagnetic spectrum and is made freely available from biosignatures. astro.cornell.edu. Our results show how the reflectance properties are dominated by the absorption of light by pigments in the visible portion and by strong absorptions by the cellular water of hydration in the infrared (up to 2.5 μm) portion of the spectrum. Our spectral library provides a broader and more realistic guide based on Earth life for the search for surface features of extraterrestrial life. The library, when used as inputs for modeling disk-integrated spectra of exoplanets, in preparation for the next generation of space- and ground-based instruments,will increase the chances of detecting life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOSIGNATURES (Origin of life)
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - HABITABLE zone (Outer space)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - biosignatures
KW  - extremophiles
KW  - pigmentsen
KW  - reflectivity
KW  - spectral library
N1  - Accession Number: 103354117; Hegde, Siddharth 1; Email Address: shegde@astro.cornell.edu Paulino-Lima, Ivan G. 2 Kent, Ryan 3 Kaltenegger, Lisa 1,4 Rothschild, Lynn 5; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Heidelberg 69117, Germany  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Postdoctoral Program Fellow, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: University of California, Santa Cruz University Affiliated Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  4: Institute for Pale Blue Dots, Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 3/31/2015, Vol. 112 Issue 13, p3886; Subject Term: BIOSIGNATURES (Origin of life); Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: HABITABLE zone (Outer space); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Author-Supplied Keyword: biosignatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: extremophiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: pigmentsen; Author-Supplied Keyword: reflectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectral library; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1421237112
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jomaas, Grunde
AU  - Torero, Jose L.
AU  - Eigenbrod, Christian
AU  - Niehaus, Justin
AU  - Olson, Sandra L.
AU  - Ferkul, Paul V.
AU  - Legros, Guillaume
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos
AU  - Cowlard, Adam J.
AU  - Rouvreau, Sebastien
AU  - Smirnov, Nickolay
AU  - Fujita, Osamu
AU  - T׳ien, James S.
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
AU  - Urban, David L.
T1  - Fire safety in space – beyond flammability testing of small samples.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 109
M3  - Article
SP  - 208
EP  - 216
SN  - 00945765
AB  - An international research team has been assembled to reduce the uncertainty and risk in the design of spacecraft fire safety systems by testing material samples in a series of flight experiments ( Saffire 1, 2, and -3 ) to be conducted in an Orbital Science Corporation Cygnus vehicle after it has undocked from the International Space Station (ISS). The tests will be fully automated with the data downlinked at the conclusion of the test before the Cygnus vehicle re-enters the atmosphere. The unmanned, pressurized environment in the Saffire experiments allows for the largest sample sizes ever to be tested for material flammability in microgravity, which will be based on the characteristics of flame spread over the surface of the combustible material. Furthermore, the experiments will have a duration that is unmatched in scale compared to earth based microgravity research facilities such as drop towers (about 5 s) and parabolic flights (about 20 s). In contrast to sounding rockets, the experiments offer a much larger volume, and the reduction in the oxygen concentration during the Saffire experiments will be minimal. The selection of the experimental settings for the first three Saffire experiments has been based on existing knowledge of scenarios that are relevant, yet challenging, for a spacecraft environment. Given that there is always airflow in the space station, all the experiments are conducted with flame spread in either concurrent or opposed flow, though with the flow being stopped in some tests, to simulate the alarm mode environment in the ISS and thereby also to study extinguishment. The materials have been selected based on their known performance in NASA STD-6001Test-1, and with different materials being classified as charring, thermally thin, and thermally thick. Furthermore, materials with non-uniform surfaces will be investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIRE prevention
KW  - FIRE testing
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SAFETY measures
KW  - Experiments
KW  - Fire safety
KW  - Flame propagation
KW  - Flammability
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - ORBITAL Sciences Corp.
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 101062163; Jomaas, Grunde 1; Email Address: grujo@byg.dtu.dk Torero, Jose L. 2 Eigenbrod, Christian 3 Niehaus, Justin 4 Olson, Sandra L. 4 Ferkul, Paul V. 5 Legros, Guillaume 6 Fernandez-Pello, A. Carlos 7 Cowlard, Adam J. 8 Rouvreau, Sebastien 9 Smirnov, Nickolay 10 Fujita, Osamu 11 T׳ien, James S. 12 Ruff, Gary A. 4 Urban, David L. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark  2: University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia  3: University of Bremen (ZARM), Bremen, Germany  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  5: Universities Space Research Association, Cleveland, OH, USA  6: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France  7: UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA  8: University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK  9: Belisama R&D, Toulouse, France  10: Moscow Lomonosov State University, Moscow, Russia  11: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan  12: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 109, p208; Subject Term: FIRE prevention; Subject Term: FIRE testing; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SAFETY measures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire safety; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flammability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Company/Entity: ORBITAL Sciences Corp. Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.11.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saghaian, S.M.
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Tobe, H.
AU  - Souri, M.
AU  - Noebe, R.
AU  - Chumlyakov, Y.I.
T1  - Effects of aging on the shape memory behavior of Ni-rich Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 single crystals.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 87
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 141
SN  - 13596454
AB  - The shape memory properties of solutionized and aged Ni-rich Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 single crystals were investigated along the [0 0 1], [0 1 1] and [1 1 1] orientations in compression. The effects of crystal orientation and aging temperature on the transformation strain, thermal hysteresis and Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) relation were determined. Aging at 550 °C for 3 h introduced coherent 10–20 nm precipitates in the matrix, which substantially improved the shape memory and mechanical properties of the Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 crystals. [0 0 1]-oriented single crystals showed high dimensional stability under stress levels as high as 1500 MPa in both the solutionized and aged conditions, but with transformation strains of <2%. Thermal treatments can be used to tailor the transformation temperatures over a wide range with the martensite start temperature varying from −25 °C in the solutionized case to 123 °C by aging at 650 °C for 3 h. Compared to the solutionized condition, thermal hysteresis was reduced after aging at 550 °C/3 h, but increased with aging at 650 °C. Perfect superelasticity with recoverable strain of >4% was observed for solutionized and 550 °C/3 h aged single crystals along the [0 1 1] and [1 1 1] orientations, and general superelastic behavior was observed over a wide temperature range. In contrast, aged [0 0 1]-oriented single crystals have a very high CC slope, in the range of 30–40 MPa °C −1 , which results in a lack of superelasticity. Theoretical transformation strains were calculated by using the energy minimization method and lattice deformation theory. The calculated transformation strains were higher than the experimentally observed strains since the calculated strains could not capture the formation of martensite plates with (0 0 1) compound twins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory effect
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - MATERIALS -- Deterioration
KW  - CRYSTAL orientation
KW  - HYSTERESIS
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Aging
KW  - High-temperature shape memory alloys
KW  - Mechanical testing
KW  - NiTiHf
KW  - Orientation dependence
N1  - Accession Number: 101017800; Saghaian, S.M. 1 Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karacahaluk@uky.edu Tobe, H. 1 Souri, M. 1 Noebe, R. 2 Chumlyakov, Y.I. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structure and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Siberian Physical-Technical Institute, Tomsk State University, Russia; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 87, p128; Subject Term: SHAPE memory effect; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Deterioration; Subject Term: CRYSTAL orientation; Subject Term: HYSTERESIS; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orientation dependence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2014.12.040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gronoff, Guillaume
AU  - Norman, Ryan B.
AU  - Mertens, Christopher J.
T1  - Computation of cosmic ray ionization and dose at Mars. I: A comparison of HZETRN and Planetocosmics for proton and alpha particles.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 55
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1799
EP  - 1805
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The ability to evaluate the cosmic ray environment at Mars is of interest for future manned exploration. To support exploration, tools must be developed to accurately access the radiation environment in both free space and on planetary surfaces. The primary tool NASA uses to quantify radiation exposure behind shielding materials is the space radiation transport code, HZETRN. In order to build confidence in HZETRN, code benchmarking against Monte Carlo radiation transport codes is often used. This work compares the dose calculations at Mars by HZETRN and the Geant4 application Planetocosmics. The dose at ground and the energy deposited in the atmosphere by galactic cosmic ray protons and alpha particles has been calculated for the Curiosity landing conditions. In addition, this work has considered Solar Energetic Particle events, allowing for the comparison of varying input radiation environments. The results for protons and alpha particles show very good agreement between HZETRN and Planetocosmics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - ALPHA rays
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Dosimetry
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 101343549; Gronoff, Guillaume 1,2; Email Address: Guillaume.P.Gronoff@nasa.gov Norman, Ryan B. 2; Email Address: Ryan.B.Norman@nasa.gov Mertens, Christopher J. 2; Email Address: Christopher.J.Mertens@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Application, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 55 Issue 7, p1799; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: ALPHA rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dosimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2015.01.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101343549&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watson, Willie R.
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
AU  - Jones, Michael G.
T1  - Performance of Kumaresan and Tufts Algorithm in Liner Impedance Eduction with Flow.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1091
EP  - 1102
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Implementation of the Kumaresan and Tufts algorithm to liner impedance eduction in a duct with shear flow is described. The approach is based on a noncausal model of sound propagation coupled with singular value decomposition to identify the acoustic pressure modes. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated by comparing the educed impedance spectra to that educed by a benchmark method. Results are presented using both simulated and measured data over a range of test frequencies, three mean flow Mach numbers, and six test liner structures. When simulated data are used, the impedance spectra educed is in perfect agreement with the exact impedance spectra. When measured data are used, it is found that 1) the reduced rank approximation to the prediction matrix increases the accuracy of the educed impedance, 2) the algorithm performs well except at the antiresonant and resonant frequencies of the liner, and 3) at high enough Mach number, the effects of the gradients in the mean flow boundary layer need to be included in the impedance eduction model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - SOUND pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 102613522; Watson, Willie R. 1 Carpenter, Mark H. 1 Jones, Michael G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p1091; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053705
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BRISTOW, THOMAS F.
AU  - BISH, DAVID L.
AU  - VANIMAN, DAVID T.
AU  - MORRIS, RICHARD V.
AU  - BLAKE, DAVID F.
AU  - GROTZINGER, JOHN P.
AU  - RAMPE, ELIZABETH B.
AU  - CRISP, JOY A.
AU  - ACHILLES, CHERIE N.
AU  - MING, DOUG W.
AU  - EHLMANN, BETHANY L.
AU  - KING, PENELOPE L.
AU  - BRIDGES, JOHN C.
AU  - EIGENBRODE, JENNIFER L.
AU  - SUMNER, DAWN Y.
AU  - CHIPERA, STEVE J.
AU  - MOOROKIAN, JOHN MICHAEL
AU  - TREIMAN, ALLAN H.
AU  - MORRISON, SHAUNNA M.
AU  - DOWNS, ROBERT T.
T1  - The origin and implications of clay minerals from Yellowknife Bay, Gale crater, Mars.
JO  - American Mineralogist
JF  - American Mineralogist
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 100
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 824
EP  - 836
SN  - 0003004X
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity has documented a section of fluvio-lacustrine strata at Yellowknife Bay (YKB), an embayment on the floor of Gale crater, approximately 500 m east of the Bradbury landing site. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data and evolved gas analysis (EGA) data from the CheMin and SAM instruments show that two powdered mudstone samples (named John Klein and Cumberland) drilled from the Sheepbed member of this succession contain up to ~20 wt% clay minerals. A trioctahedral smectite, likely a ferrian saponite, is the only clay mineral phase detected in these samples. Smectites of the two samples exhibit different 001 spacing under the low partial pressures of H2O inside the CheMin instrument (relative humidity <1%). Smectite interlayers in John Klein collapsed sometime between clay mineral formation and the time of analysis to a basal spacing of 10 Å, but largely remain open in the Cumberland sample with a basal spacing of ~13.2 Å. Partial intercalation of Cumberland smectites by metal-hydroxyl groups, a common process in certain pedogenic and lacustrine settings on Earth, is our favored explanation for these differences. The relatively low abundances of olivine and enriched levels of magnetite in the Sheepbed mudstone, when compared with regional basalt compositions derived from orbital data, suggest that clay minerals formed with magnetite in situ via aqueous alteration of olivine. Mass-balance calculations are permissive of such a reaction. Moreover, the Sheepbed mudstone mineral assemblage is consistent with minimal inputs of detrital clay minerals from the crater walls and rim. Early diagenetic fabrics suggest clay mineral formation prior to lithification. Thermodynamic modeling indicates that the production of authigenic magnetite and saponite at surficial temperatures requires a moderate supply of oxidants, allowing circum-neutral pH. The kinetics of olivine alteration suggest the presence of fluids for thousands to hundreds of thousands of years. Mineralogical evidence of the persistence of benign aqueous conditions at YKB for extended periods indicates a potentially habitable environment where life could establish itself. Mediated oxidation of Fe2+ in olivine to Fe3+ in magnetite, and perhaps in smectites provided a potential energy source for organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Mineralogist is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLAY minerals
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SMECTITE
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
KW  - CheMin
KW  - clay minerals
KW  - habitability
KW  - Mars
KW  - XRD
KW  - Yellowknife Bay
N1  - Accession Number: 101844510; BRISTOW, THOMAS F. 1; Email Address: thomas.f.bristow@nasa.gov BISH, DAVID L. 2 VANIMAN, DAVID T. 3 MORRIS, RICHARD V. 4 BLAKE, DAVID F. 1 GROTZINGER, JOHN P. 5 RAMPE, ELIZABETH B. 4 CRISP, JOY A. 6 ACHILLES, CHERIE N. 2 MING, DOUG W. 4 EHLMANN, BETHANY L. 5,6 KING, PENELOPE L. 7,8 BRIDGES, JOHN C. 9 EIGENBRODE, JENNIFER L. 10 SUMNER, DAWN Y. 11 CHIPERA, STEVE J. 12 MOOROKIAN, JOHN MICHAEL 6 TREIMAN, ALLAN H. 13 MORRISON, SHAUNNA M. 14 DOWNS, ROBERT T. 14; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, U.S.A.  2: Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, 1001 East Tenth Street, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, U.S.A.  3: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Tucson, Arizona 85719-2395, U.S.A.  4: ARES Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.  5: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, U.S.A.  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California 91109, U.S.A.  7: Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia  8: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada  9: Space Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, U.K.  10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A.  11: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, U.S.A.  12: Chesapeake Energy Corporation, 6100 N. Western Avenue, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73118, U.S.A.  13: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77058, U.S.A.  14: Department of Geology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, U.S.A.; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 100 Issue 4, p824; Subject Term: CLAY minerals; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SMECTITE; Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); Author-Supplied Keyword: CheMin; Author-Supplied Keyword: clay minerals; Author-Supplied Keyword: habitability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: XRD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowknife Bay; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2138/am-2015-5077
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A.E.
T1  - The prediction of noise due to jet turbulence convecting past flight vehicle trailing edges.
JO  - Applied Acoustics
JF  - Applied Acoustics
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 90
M3  - Article
SP  - 42
EP  - 53
SN  - 0003682X
AB  - High intensity acoustic radiation occurs when turbulence convects past airframe trailing edges. A mathematical model is developed to predict this acoustic radiation. The model is dependent on the local flow and turbulent statistics above the trailing edge of the flight vehicle airframe. These quantities are dependent on the jet and flight vehicle Mach numbers and jet temperature. A term in the model approximates the turbulent statistics of single-stream heated jet flows and is developed based upon measurement. The developed model is valid for a wide range of jet Mach numbers, jet temperature ratios, and flight vehicle Mach numbers. The model predicts traditional trailing edge noise if the jet is not interacting with the airframe. Predictions of mean-flow quantities and the cross-spectrum of static pressure near the airframe trailing edge are compared with measurement. Finally, predictions of acoustic intensity are compared with measurement and the model is shown to accurately capture the phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Acoustics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JET planes
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - TRAILING edges (Aerodynamics)
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiation
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - NOISE
KW  - Convection
KW  - Jet
KW  - Noise
KW  - Trailing edge
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 100156119; Miller, Steven A.E. 1; Email Address: s.miller@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Aeroacoustics Branch, 2 N. Dryden St. MS 461, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 90, p42; Subject Term: JET planes; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: TRAILING edges (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiation; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: NOISE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trailing edge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apacoust.2014.10.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iscen, Atil
AU  - Caluwaerts, Ken
AU  - Bruce, Jonathan
AU  - Agogino, Adrian
AU  - SunSpiral, Vytas
AU  - Tumer, Kagan
T1  - Learning Tensegrity Locomotion Using Open-Loop Control Signals and Coevolutionary Algorithms.
JO  - Artificial Life
JF  - Artificial Life
Y1  - 2015///Spring2015
VL  - 21
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 140
PB  - MIT Press
SN  - 10645462
AB  - Soft robots offer many advantages over traditional rigid robots. However, soft robots can be difficult to control with standard control methods. Fortunately, evolutionary algorithms can offer an elegant solution to this problem. Instead of creating controls to handle the intricate dynamics of these robots, we can simply evolve the controls using a simulation to provide an evaluation function. In this article, we show how such a control paradigm can be applied to an emerging field within soft robotics: robots based on tensegrity structures. We take the model of the Spherical Underactuated Planetary Exploration Robot ball (SUPERball), an icosahedron tensegrity robot under production at NASA Ames Research Center, develop a rolling locomotion algorithm, and study the learned behavior using an accurate model of the SUPERball simulated in the NASA Tensegrity Robotics Toolkit. We first present the historical-average fitness-shaping algorithm for coevolutionary algorithms to speed up learning while favoring robustness over optimality. Second, we use a distributed control approach by coevolving open-loop control signals for each controller. Being simple and distributed, open-loop controllers can be readily implemented on SUPERball hardware without the need for sensor information or precise coordination. We analyze signals of different complexities and frequencies. Among the learned policies, we take one of the best and use it to analyze different aspects of the rolling gait, such as lengths, tensions, and energy consumption. We also discuss the correlation between the signals controlling different parts of the tensegrity robot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Artificial Life is the property of MIT Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTS
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY algorithms
KW  - SOFT robotics
KW  - SPACE robotics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - coevolution
KW  - Evolutionary algorithms
KW  - fitness shaping
KW  - locomotion
KW  - tensegrity
N1  - Accession Number: 102849958; Iscen, Atil 1; Email Address: iscena@onid.oregonstate.edu Caluwaerts, Ken 2; Email Address: ken.caluwaerts@nasa.gov Bruce, Jonathan 3,4; Email Address: jbruce@soe.ucsc.edu Agogino, Adrian 4,5; Email Address: adrian.k.agogino@nasa.gov SunSpiral, Vytas 5,6; Email Address: vytas.sunspiral@nasa.gov Tumer, Kagan 1; Email Address: kagan.tumer@oregonstate.edu; Affiliation:  1: Oregon State University  2: Ghent University  3: USRA  4: University of California at Santa Cruz  5: NASA Ames Research Center  6: SGT Inc.; Source Info: Spring2015, Vol. 21 Issue 2, p119; Subject Term: ROBOTS; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY algorithms; Subject Term: SOFT robotics; Subject Term: SPACE robotics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: coevolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolutionary algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: fitness shaping; Author-Supplied Keyword: locomotion; Author-Supplied Keyword: tensegrity; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1162/ARTL_a_00163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Samuels, Toby
AU  - Noack, Lena
AU  - Verseux, Cyprien
AU  - Serrano, Paloma
T1  - A new network for astrobiology in Europe.
JO  - Astronomy & Geophysics
JF  - Astronomy & Geophysics
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 56
IS  - 2
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 2.15
EP  - 2.17
SN  - 13668781
AB  - The article discusses the highlights of the first symposium of the network Astrobiology Graduates in Europe (AbGradE) held in Edinburgh, Scotland in October 2014. Professor Frances Westall talked on astrobiology's history and challenges, while Professors Charles Cockell and Lynn Rothschild touched on biological building blocks to planetary homes. Professor Alessandro Airo initiated concepts in the search for biosignatures, while Dr Lena Noack delved into planetary interiors.
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - CONFERENCES & conventions
KW  - CONGRESSES
KW  - SCOTLAND
KW  - WESTALL, Frances
KW  - COCKELL, Charles
KW  - ROTHSCHILD, Lynn
N1  - Accession Number: 102563952; Samuels, Toby 1 Noack, Lena 2 Verseux, Cyprien 3,4 Serrano, Paloma 5; Affiliation:  1: UK Centre for Astrobiology, University of Edinburgh  2: Royal Observatory of Belgium  3: University of Rome Tor Vergata  4: NASA Ames Research Center  5: Alfred Wegener Institute, Polar and Marine Research; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 56 Issue 2, p2.15; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: CONFERENCES & conventions; Subject Term: CONGRESSES; Subject Term: SCOTLAND; People: WESTALL, Frances; People: COCKELL, Charles; People: ROTHSCHILD, Lynn; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Proceeding
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fabrizio Brighenti
AU  - William G. Mathews
AU  - Pasquale Temi
T1  - HOT GASEOUS ATMOSPHERES IN GALAXY GROUPS AND CLUSTERS ARE BOTH HEATED AND COOLED BY X-RAY CAVITIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/04//4/1/2015
VL  - 802
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Expanding X-ray cavities observed in hot gas atmospheres of many galaxy groups and clusters generate shock waves and turbulence that are primary heating mechanisms required to avoid uninhibited radiatively cooling flows which are not observed. However, we show here that the evolution of buoyant cavities also stimulates radiative cooling of observable masses of low-temperature gas. During their early evolution, radiative cooling occurs in the wakes of buoyant cavities in two locations: in thin radial filaments parallel to the buoyant velocity and more broadly in gas compressed beneath rising cavities. Radiation from these sustained compressions removes entropy from the hot gas. Gas experiencing the largest entropy loss cools first, followed by gas with progressively less entropy loss. Most cooling occurs at late times, 108–109 yr, long after the X-ray cavities have disrupted and are impossible to detect. During these late times, slightly denser low entropy gas sinks slowly toward the centers of the hot atmospheres where it cools intermittently, forming clouds near the cluster center. Single cavities of energy 1057–1058 ergs in the atmosphere of the NGC 5044 group create 108–109M⊙ of cooled gas, exceeding the mass of extended molecular gas currently observed in that group. The cooled gas clouds we compute share many attributes with molecular clouds recently observed in NGC 5044 with ALMA: self-gravitationally unbound, dust-free, quasi-randomly distributed within a few kiloparsecs around the group center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - X-ray astronomy
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - GRAVITY
N1  - Accession Number: 101861143; Fabrizio Brighenti 1,2; Email Address: fabrizio.brighenti@unibo.it William G. Mathews 1; Email Address: mathews@ucolick.org Pasquale Temi 3; Email Address: pasquale.temi@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of California Observatories/Lick Observatory, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, ia Ranzani 1, Bologna I-40127, Italy  3: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/1/2015, Vol. 802 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: X-ray astronomy; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/802/2/118
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony
T1  - Radial velocities of stars with multiple co-orbital planets.
JO  - Astrophysics & Space Science
JF  - Astrophysics & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 356
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 249
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 0004640X
AB  - To date, well over a thousand planets have been discovered orbiting other stars, hundreds of them in multi-planet systems. Most of these exoplanets have been detected by either the transit method or the radial velocity method, rather than by other methods such as astrometry or direct imaging. Both the radial velocity and astrometric methods rely upon the reflex motion of the parent star induced by the gravitational attraction of its planets. However, this reflex motion is subject to misinterpretation when a star has two or more planets with the same orbital period. Such co-orbital planets may effectively 'hide' from detection by current algorithms. In principle, any number of planets can share the same orbit; the case where they all have the same mass has been studied most. Salo and Yoder (Astron. Astrophys. 205:309-327, ) have shown that more than 8 planets of equal mass sharing a circular orbit must be equally spaced for dynamical stability, while fewer than 7 equal-mass planets are stable only in a configuration where all of the planets remain on the same side of their parent star. For 7 or 8 equal-mass planets, both configurations are stable. By symmetry, it is clear that the equally-spaced systems produce no reflex motion or radial velocity signal at all in their parent stars. This could lead to their being overlooked entirely, unless they happen to be detected by the transit method. It is equally clear that the lopsided systems produce a greater radial velocity signal than a single such planet would, but a smaller signal than if all of the planets were combined into one. This could seriously mislead estimates of exoplanet masses and densities. Transit data and ellipsoidal (tidal) brightness variations in such systems also are subject to misinterpretation. This behavior is also representative of more natural systems, with co-orbital planets of different masses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysics & Space Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - DYNAMIC stability (Mechanics)
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Extrasolar planets
N1  - Accession Number: 101450197; Dobrovolskis, Anthony 1; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 356 Issue 2, p241; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Subject Term: DYNAMIC stability (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extrasolar planets; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10509-014-2219-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoonessi, Mitra
AU  - Gaier, James R.
AU  - Peck, John A.
AU  - Meador, Michael A.
T1  - Controlled direction of electrical and mechanical properties in nickel tethered graphene polyimide nanocomposites using magnetic field.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 84
M3  - Article
SP  - 375
EP  - 382
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Oriented hybrid nickel tethered graphene polyimide resin nanocomposites with different degrees of orientation were prepared by in-situ magnetic field solvent casting method. Magnetization of the hybrid Ni-graphene polyimide nanocomposites exhibited a maximum in the magnetic field direction and a minimum perpendicular to the magnetic field direction indicating the orientation of the superparamagnetic nickel nanoparticles. In-plane dc electrical conductivity of the 1.3 vol.% Ni-graphene was 2.5 times higher when cast in a high magnetic field compared to films cast without an applied magnetic field. The through-plane dc conductivity of the 1.3 vol.% oriented Ni-graphene polyimide nanocomposites decreased with increasing magnetic field strength and reached insulation (10 −12 S/cm) for the films cast in high magnetic field. The in-plane tensile modulus of the polyimide exhibited a 35% increase when 0.16 vol.% Ni-graphene was added to the polyimide and cast in a low-strength magnetic field. Further addition of Ni-graphene, up to 1.3 vol.%, to the polyimide resulted in nearly constant tensile moduli. Tensile strength of nickel graphene nanocomposites showed up to 2-fold increase compared to the neat polyimide. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the Ni-graphene nanosheets were oriented in the magnetic field direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - POLYIMIDES
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - METALS -- Electric properties
N1  - Accession Number: 100512739; Yoonessi, Mitra 1; Email Address: mitra.yoonessi@gmail.com Gaier, James R. 2 Peck, John A. 3 Meador, Michael A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Rd., Cleveland, OH 44142, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Department of Geosciences, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 84, p375; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: POLYIMIDES; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: METALS -- Electric properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.12.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
AU  - Choi, Sung R.
T1  - Properties of CMAS glass from desert sand.
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 41
IS  - 3, Part A
M3  - Article
SP  - 3901
EP  - 3909
SN  - 02728842
AB  - X-ray diffraction analysis of as-received desert sand from a Middle East country showed the presence of quartz (SiO 2 ), calcite (CaCO 3 ), gypsum (CaSO 4 .2H 2 O), NaAlSi 3 O 8, Mg 2 (Al 3.9 Si 5.1 O 18 ) and Mg 3 Al 2 (SiO 4 ) 3 phases. A batch of as-received desert sand was melted into calcium magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass at ~1500 °C. From inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, chemical composition of the CMAS glass was analyzed to be 27.8CaO-4MgO-5Al 2 O 3 -61.6SiO 2 -0.6Fe 2 O 3 -1K 2 O (mole %). Various physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the glass have been evaluated. Bulk density of CMAS glass was 2.69 g/cm 3 , Young׳s modulus 92 GPa, Shear modulus 36 GPa, Poisson׳s ratio 0.28, dilatometric glass transition temperature (T g ) 706 °C, softening point (T d ) 764 °C, Vickers microhardness 6.3±0.4 GPa, indentation fracture toughness 0.75±0.15 MPa.m 1/2 , and coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) 9.8×10 −6 /°C in the temperature range 25 to 700 °C. Temperature dependence of viscosity has also been estimated from various reference points of the CMAS glass using the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman (VFT) equation as well as from the glass composition. The glass remained amorphous after heat treating at 850 °C for 10 h but crystallized into CaSiO 3 and Ca 2 Mg 0.5 AlSi 1.5 O 7 phases at 900 °C or higher temperatures. Crystallization kinetics of the CMAS glass has also been investigated by differential thermal analysis (DTA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICA
KW  - CALCITE
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SAND
KW  - GYPSUM
KW  - DIOPSIDE
KW  - CMAS
KW  - Crystallization
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Thermal properties
KW  - Viscosity
N1  - Accession Number: 108298064; Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Email Address: narottam.p.bansal@nasa.gov Choi, Sung R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, MD 20670, USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 41 Issue 3, Part A, p3901; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: CALCITE; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SAND; Subject Term: GYPSUM; Subject Term: DIOPSIDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystallization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscosity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212395 Gypsum mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484232 Dry bulk materials trucking, long distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484222 Dry bulk materials trucking, local; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423320 Brick, Stone, and Related Construction Material Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212321 Construction Sand and Gravel Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.11.072
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108298064&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
AU  - Adler, Laszlo
AU  - Yost, William T.
T1  - Subharmonic generation, chaos, and subharmonic resurrection in an acoustically driven fluid-filled cavity.
JO  - Chaos
JF  - Chaos
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10541500
AB  - Traveling wave solutions of the nonlinear acoustic wave equation are obtained for the fundamental and second harmonic resonances of a fluid-filled cavity. The solutions lead to the development of a non-autonomous toy model for cavity oscillations. Application of the Melnikov method to the model equation predicts homoclinic bifurcation of the Smale horseshoe type leading to a cascade of period doublings with increasing drive displacement amplitude culminating in chaos. The threshold value of the drive displacement amplitude at tangency is obtained in terms of the acoustic drive frequency and fluid attenuation coefficient. The model prediction of subharmonic generation leading to chaos is validated from acousto-optic diffraction measurements in a water-filled cavity using a 5MHz acoustic drive frequency and from the measured frequency spectrum in the bifurcation cascade regime. The calculated resonant threshold amplitude of 0.2 nm for tangency is consistent with values estimated for the experimental set-up. Experimental evidence for the appearance of a stable subharmonic beyond chaos is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chaos is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - TRAVELING waves (Physics)
KW  - NONLINEAR wave equations
KW  - BIFURCATION theory
KW  - MATHIEU equation
N1  - Accession Number: 101308756; Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov Adler, Laszlo 2 Yost, William T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Research Directorate, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  2: Adler Consultants, Inc./Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: TRAVELING waves (Physics); Subject Term: NONLINEAR wave equations; Subject Term: BIFURCATION theory; Subject Term: MATHIEU equation; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4913521
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101308756&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fereres, Sonia
AU  - Fernandez-Pello, Carlos
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
T1  - Identifying the roles of reduced gravity and pressure on the piloted ignition of solid combustibles.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 162
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1136
EP  - 1143
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The influence of environmental conditions on solid fuel ignition is of particular interest in spacecraft fire safety because of the large difference in environments between a spacecraft and earth (low gravity, low gas flow velocities, low pressure, elevated oxygen concentration). Considering that fire safety is essential when dealing with spacecraft vehicles, where space is confined and egress is difficult or almost impossible, low gravity fire initiation has a prominent importance. In addition to microgravity, low cabin pressure may further decrease the convective heat losses from the solid, leading to a faster heating of the materials and therefore raising the fire hazard on board. A numerical model developed with the CFD code Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) was used to analyze the effect of reduced gravity and ambient pressure on the transport processes taking place in the piloted ignition of an externally irradiated solid fuel. The model simultaneously solves the gas phase and solid phase conservation equations, using a one-step second order Arrhenius reaction rate for the gas phase kinetics and a one-step global Arrhenius reaction rate for the solid phase decomposition. The transition from an incipient premixed reaction at the pilot to the establishment of a self-sustained diffusion flame anchored on the solid fuel surface is analyzed and described in detail and compared for several cases of reduced pressure and gravity. The influence of these parameters on the ignition delay time and the mass flux at ignition is also calculated and compared to experiments at 1 g for a range of sub-atmospheric pressures. The results show that reduced pressure and reduced gravity have similar effects on the piloted ignition of a solid fuel in low velocity flows, indicating that heating and pyrolysis of the solid are the primary mechanisms in the process. The results of this work may guide in the selection of materials in future space exploration vehicles and indicate when microgravity testing may be substituted by reduced ambient pressure conditions to analyze their ignition properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLAMMABLE materials
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SOLID fuel reactors
KW  - IGNITION temperature
KW  - GAS phase reactions
KW  - Low pressure
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Piloted ignition
KW  - Reduced gravity
N1  - Accession Number: 101498444; Fereres, Sonia 1; Email Address: sonia.fereres@research.abengoa.com Fernandez-Pello, Carlos 2 Urban, David L. 3 Ruff, Gary A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Abengoa Research, c/Energia Solar 1, Palmas Altas, 41014 Sevilla, Spain  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, 60A Hesse Hall, Mailstop 1740, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  3: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44256, USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 162 Issue 4, p1136; Subject Term: FLAMMABLE materials; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SOLID fuel reactors; Subject Term: IGNITION temperature; Subject Term: GAS phase reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Piloted ignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reduced gravity; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.10.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101498444&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rose, Robert A.
AU  - Byler, Dirck
AU  - Eastman, J. Ron
AU  - Fleishman, Erica
AU  - Geller, Gary
AU  - Goetz, Scott
AU  - Guild, Liane
AU  - Hamilton, Healy
AU  - Hansen, Matt
AU  - Headley, Rachel
AU  - Hewson, Jennifer
AU  - Horning, Ned
AU  - Kaplin, Beth A.
AU  - Laporte, Nadine
AU  - Leidner, Allison
AU  - Leimgruber, Peter
AU  - Morisette, Jeffrey
AU  - Musinsky, John
AU  - Pintea, Lilian
AU  - Prados, Ana
T1  - Ten ways remote sensing can contribute to conservation.
JO  - Conservation Biology
JF  - Conservation Biology
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 29
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 350
EP  - 359
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 08888892
AB  - In an effort to increase conservation effectiveness through the use of Earth observation technologies, a group of remote sensing scientists affiliated with government and academic institutions and conservation organizations identified 10 questions in conservation for which the potential to be answered would be greatly increased by use of remotely sensed data and analyses of those data. Our goals were to increase conservation practitioners' use of remote sensing to support their work, increase collaboration between the conservation science and remote sensing communities, identify and develop new and innovative uses of remote sensing for advancing conservation science, provide guidance to space agencies on how future satellite missions can support conservation science, and generate support from the public and private sector in the use of remote sensing data to address the 10 conservation questions. We identified a broad initial list of questions on the basis of an email chain-referral survey. We then used a workshop-based iterative and collaborative approach to whittle the list down to these final questions (which represent 10 major themes in conservation): How can global Earth observation data be used to model species distributions and abundances? How can remote sensing improve the understanding of animal movements? How can remotely sensed ecosystem variables be used to understand, monitor, and predict ecosystem response and resilience to multiple stressors? How can remote sensing be used to monitor the effects of climate on ecosystems? How can near real-time ecosystem monitoring catalyze threat reduction, governance and regulation compliance, and resource management decisions? How can remote sensing inform configuration of protected area networks at spatial extents relevant to populations of target species and ecosystem services? How can remote sensing-derived products be used to value and monitor changes in ecosystem services? How can remote sensing be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of conservation efforts? How does the expansion and intensification of agriculture and aquaculture alter ecosystems and the services they provide? How can remote sensing be used to determine the degree to which ecosystems are being disturbed or degraded and the effects of these changes on species and ecosystem functions? (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Diez Maneras en que la Detección Remota Puede Contribuir a la Conservación Resumen En un esfuerzo por incrementar la efectividad de la conservación por medio del uso de las tecnologías de observación de la Tierra, un grupo de científicos de detección remota afiliados con instituciones académicas y gubernamentales y con organizaciones de conservación, identificaron diez preguntas de conservación para las cuales el potencial de ser respondidas se ampliaría al usar datos de detección remota y el análisis de esos datos. Nuestros objetivos fueron incrementar el uso de detección remota por parte de quienes practican la conservación para apoyar su trabajo, incrementar la colaboración entre las comunidades de la ciencia de la conservación y la de detección remota, identificar y desarrollar usos nuevos e innovadores de la detección remota para avanzar en la ciencia de la conservación, proporcionar dirección a las agencias espaciales sobre cómo misiones satelitales futuras pueden apoyar a la ciencia de la conservación, y generar apoyo del sector privado y del público para el uso de datos detección remota para dirigirnos a las diez preguntas de conservación. Identificamos una lista inicial amplia de preguntas con base en una encuesta de correos electrónicos en cadena. Después usamos una estrategia colaborativa e iterativa basada en un taller de trabajo para reducir la lista a estas preguntas finales (que representan diez temas relevantes en conservación): ¿Cómo puede usarse la observación global de la Tierra para modelar la abundancia y distribución de las especies? ¿Cómo puede mejorar la detección remota el entendimiento de los movimientos animales? ¿Cómo pueden usarse las variables de los ecosistemas detectados a distancia para entender, monitorear y predecir las respuestas ambientales y la resiliencia a estresantes múltiples? ¿Cómo puede usarse la detección remota para monitorear los efectos del clima sobre los ecosistemas? ¿Cómo puede el monitoreo ambiental en casi tiempo real catalizar la reducción, de amenazas, la gobernación y el cumplimiento de las regulaciones, y las decisiones sobre manejo de recursos? ¿Cómo puede la detección remota informar a la configuración de redes de áreas protegidas en extensiones espaciales relevantes para las poblaciones de especies clave y servicios ambientales? ¿Cómo pueden usarse los productos derivados de la detección remota para monitorear y evaluar la efectividad de los esfuerzos de conservación? ¿Cómo altera la expansión e intensificación de la agricultura y la acuacultura a los ecosistemas y a los servicios que proporcionan? ¿Cómo puede usarse la detección remota para determinar el grado al que los ecosistemas se están degradando y perturbando y los efectos de estos cambios sobre las especies y las funciones de los ecosistemas? (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NATURE conservation
KW  - CONSERVATION of natural resources -- Research
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - applied research
KW  - biodiversidad
KW  - biodiversity
KW  - investigación aplicada
KW  - marco de prioridad
KW  - priority setting
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - teledetección
N1  - Accession Number: 101556788; Rose, Robert A. 1 Byler, Dirck 2 Eastman, J. Ron 3 Fleishman, Erica 4 Geller, Gary 5 Goetz, Scott 6 Guild, Liane 7 Hamilton, Healy 8 Hansen, Matt 9 Headley, Rachel 10 Hewson, Jennifer 11 Horning, Ned 12 Kaplin, Beth A. 13 Laporte, Nadine 6 Leidner, Allison 14 Leimgruber, Peter 15 Morisette, Jeffrey 16 Musinsky, John 17 Pintea, Lilian 18 Prados, Ana 19; Affiliation:  1: Wildlife Conservation Society, Conservation Support  2: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, International Affairs  3: Graduate School of Geography, Clark University  4: John Muir Institute of the Environment, University of California  5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory  6: The Woods Hole Research Center  7: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, P.O. Box 1  8: NatureServe  9: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland  10: (Former) Science Support, Landsat Project-U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center  11: Conservation International  12: American Museum of Natural History  13: Department of Environmental Studies, Antioch University New England  14: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Earth Science Division  15: Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Conservation Ecology Center  16: U.S. Geological Survey, North Central Climate Science Center  17: National Ecological Observatory Network  18: The Jane Goodall Institute, 1595 Spring Hill Road  19: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology (JCET), University of Maryland Baltimore County; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 29 Issue 2, p350; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NATURE conservation; Subject Term: CONSERVATION of natural resources -- Research; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: applied research; Author-Supplied Keyword: biodiversidad; Author-Supplied Keyword: biodiversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: investigación aplicada; Author-Supplied Keyword: marco de prioridad; Author-Supplied Keyword: priority setting; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: teledetección; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/cobi.12397
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101556788&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hultquist, G.
AU  - Graham, M.J.
AU  - Smialek, J.L.
AU  - Jönsson, B.
T1  - Hydrogen in metals studied by Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS).
JO  - Corrosion Science
JF  - Corrosion Science
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 324
EP  - 326
SN  - 0010938X
AB  - This short communication presents Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy (TDS) of hydrogen desorption from various metals and alloys [Au, Pd, Cu, Ni, Zr, Y, stainless steel and ODS (oxide dispersion strengthened) alloy] after long-term exposure (up to 20 years) to ambient humid air at room-temperature. Of the metals studied only gold does not contain a measurable level of hydrogen. For polycrystalline metals there is a strong correlation between the amount of hydrogen in the metal and the tendency for oxidation of the metal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Corrosion Science is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Hydrogen content
KW  - THERMAL desorption
KW  - GOLD alloys
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on metals
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - A. Copper
KW  - C. Hydrogen absorption
KW  - C. Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 101017853; Hultquist, G. 1; Email Address: gunnarh@kth.se Graham, M.J. 2 Smialek, J.L. 3 Jönsson, B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Surface and Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden  2: Aerospace, National Research Council, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada  3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Sandvik Heating Technology AB, Strategic Business Development, SE-734 27 Hallstahammar, Sweden; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 93, p324; Subject Term: METALS -- Hydrogen content; Subject Term: THERMAL desorption; Subject Term: GOLD alloys; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on metals; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Hydrogen absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.01.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101017853&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lohr, J.
AU  - Anderson, J. P.
AU  - Cengher, M.
AU  - Ellis, R. A.
AU  - Gorelov, Y. A.
AU  - Kolemen, E.
AU  - Lambot, T.
AU  - Murakami, D. D.
AU  - Myrabo, L.
AU  - Noraky, S.
AU  - Parkin, K. L.
AU  - Ponce, D.
AU  - Torrezan, A.
T1  - Performance History and Upgrades for the DIII-D Gyrotron Complex.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 87
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - The gyrotron installation on the DIII-D tokamak has been in operation at the second harmonic of the electron cyclotron resonance since the mid-1990s. Prior to that a large installation of ten 60 GHz tubes was operated at the fundamental resonance. The system has been upgraded regularly and is an everyday tool for experiments on DIII-D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GYROTRONS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - TOKAMAKS
KW  - ELECTRON cyclotron heating
KW  - ELECTRON cyclotron resonance sources
KW  - RESONANCE
N1  - Accession Number: 103584412; Lohr, J. 1; Email Address: lohr@fusion.gat.com Anderson, J. P. 1 Cengher, M. 1 Ellis, R. A. 2 Gorelov, Y. A. 1 Kolemen, E. 2 Lambot, T. 3 Murakami, D. D. 4 Myrabo, L. 5 Noraky, S. 1 Parkin, K. L. 3 Ponce, D. 1 Torrezan, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608, USA  2: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-0451, USA  3: Carnegie Mellon University, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: Experimental Aero-Physics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035, California, USA  5: Lightcraft Technologies Inc., 1914 Walloomsac Rd, Bennington, Vermont 05201, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 87, p1; Subject Term: GYROTRONS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: TOKAMAKS; Subject Term: ELECTRON cyclotron heating; Subject Term: ELECTRON cyclotron resonance sources; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/20158702009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103584412&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
T1  - Insolation patterns on eccentric exoplanets.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 250
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 399
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Several studies have found that synchronously-rotating Earth-like planets in the habitable zones of M-dwarf stars should exhibit an “eyeball” climate pattern, with a pupil of open ocean facing the parent star, and ice everywhere else. Recent work on eccentric exoplanets by Wang et al. (Wang, Y., Tian, F., Hu, Y. [2014b] Astrophys. J. 791, L12) has extended this conclusion to the 2:1 spin–orbit resonance as well, where the planet rotates twice during one orbital period. However, Wang et al. also found that the 3:2 and 5:2 half-odd resonances produce a zonally-striped climate pattern with polar icecaps instead. Unfortunately, they used incorrect insolation functions for the 3:2 and 5:2 resonances whose long-term time averages are essentially independent of longitude. This paper presents the correct insolation patterns for eccentric exoplanets with negligible obliquities in the 0:1, 1:2, 1:1, 3:2, 2:1, 5:2, 3:1, 7:2, and 4:1 spin–orbit resonances. I confirm that the mean insolation is distributed in an eyeball pattern for integer resonances; but for half-odd resonances, the mean insolation takes a “double-eyeball” pattern, identical over the “eastern” and “western” hemispheres. Presuming that liquids, ices, clouds, albedo, and thermal emission are similarly distributed, this has significant implications for the observation and interpretation of potentially habitable exoplanets. Finally, whether a striped ball, eyeball, or double-eyeball pattern emerges, the possibility exists that long-term build-up of ice (or liquid) away from the hot spots may alter the planet’s inertia tensor and quadrupole moments enough to re-orient the planet, ultimately changing the distribution of liquid and ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - QUADRUPOLE moments
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - Celestial mechanics
KW  - Extra-solar planets
KW  - Resonances, spin-orbit
KW  - Rotational dynamics
KW  - Tides, solid body
N1  - Accession Number: 100981184; Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 1; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 245-3 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 250, p395; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: QUADRUPOLE moments; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Celestial mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extra-solar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Resonances, spin-orbit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotational dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tides, solid body; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.12.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=100981184&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lohn, Jason D.
AU  - Linden, Derek S.
AU  - Blevins, Bruce
AU  - Greenling, Thomas
AU  - Allard, Mark R.
T1  - Automated Synthesis of a Lunar Satellite Antenna System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2015/04//Apr2015 Part 1
VL  - 63
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1436
EP  - 1444
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - In recent years, spacecraft requirements have trended toward smaller, lighter, and less expensive systems with more capabilities. At the same time, demands on the communication systems have increased, including faster data rates, lower power budgets, reduced system volume, and smaller link margins. The combination of these factors has posed numerous engineering challenges for antenna system designers, often forming complex tradeoffs among design parameters such as bandwidth, pattern control, beamwidth, and antenna size. In this paper, we show how a challenging set of antenna requirements were met for NASA’s recent LADEE mission. We focus on the difficulties inherent in the requirements for both omnidirectional and medium gain antennas, both in S-band. We present techniques used to develop a requirements-compliant system based on our research in antenna synthesis methods. Compared to the conventional antennas considered by NASA for the mission, the antennas we developed yielded 65% increased downlink coverage and 44% cost savings for the mission. The deployed flight antennas were the only antennas on the mission and performed above expectations during the 8-month mission, which concluded in April 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION systems
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ANTENNAS (Electronics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - OMNIDIRECTIONAL antennas
KW  - Antenna measurements
KW  - antenna optimization
KW  - Antenna synthesis
KW  - flight antennas
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Radio frequency
KW  - Receiving antennas
KW  - satellite antennas
KW  - Transmitting antennas
N1  - Accession Number: 102086998; Lohn, Jason D. 1 Linden, Derek S. 2 Blevins, Bruce 3 Greenling, Thomas 3 Allard, Mark R. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA  2: , X5 Systems, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA  3: , Antenna Development Corp., Las Cruces, NM, USA  4: , NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2015 Part 1, Vol. 63 Issue 4, p1436; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION systems; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ANTENNAS (Electronics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: OMNIDIRECTIONAL antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: antenna optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: flight antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Receiving antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transmitting antennas; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238299 All other building equipment contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2015.2404332
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khavaran, Abbas
T1  - Jet surface interaction - scrubbing noise in a transversely sheared mean flow.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
EP  - 412
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Generation of sound due to scrubbing of a jet flow past a nearby solid surface is investigated within the framework of the generalized acoustic analogy theory. The analysis applies to the boundary layer noise generated at and near a wall, and excludes the scattered noise component that is produced at the leading or the trailing edge. While compressibility effects are relatively unimportant at very low Mach numbers, frictional heat generation and thermal gradient normal to the surface could play important roles in generation and propagation of sound in high speed jets of practical interest. A general expression is given for the spectral density of the far field sound as governed by the variable density Pridmore-Brown equation. The propagation Green's function is solved numerically starting with the boundary conditions on the surface and subject to specified mean velocity and temperature profiles between the surface and the observer. It is shown the magnitude of the Green's function decreases with increasing source frequency or jet temperature. The phase remains constant for a rigid surface, but varies with source location when subject to an impedance type boundary condition. The equivalent sources of aerodynamic sound are associated with non-linear momentum flux and enthalpy flux terms that appear in a linear set of equations that govern the fluctuating components of the motion. These multi-pole sources are usually modeled and evaluated with input from a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver with an appropriate turbulence model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - COMPRESSIBILITY (Fluids)
KW  - MACH number
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
N1  - Accession Number: 109888174; Khavaran, Abbas 1; Email Address: Abbas.Khavaran-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Vantage Partners, LLC., NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 14 Issue 3/4, p373; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: COMPRESSIBILITY (Fluids); Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Number of Pages: 40p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goodrich, John W.
T1  - Experiments in numerical error control for sound propagation in a 2D jet using a damping layer and nonreflecting outer boundaries.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 489
EP  - 519
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - This paper reports numerical experiments for propagating a continuous acoustic pressure signal by means of the linearized Euler equations with both a uniform flow and a parallel jet as the base or mean flow. The numerical domain is embedded in a surrounding damping layer, and the outer boundaries of the damping layer are treated with weak Giles type nonreflecting boundary conditions that are introduced in this paper as interpolation constraints. We view this combination of the damping layer with the nonreflecting outer boundary conditions as the complete boundary treatment. The issue that is being addressed is not the accuracy of the numerical solution when compared to a mathematical solution, which would be improved by grid refinement, but the effect of the complete boundary treatment on the numerical solution, and to what degree the error from the complete boundary treatment can be controlled. These computational experiments show that the weak boundary conditions are stable, and the complete boundary treatment is conditionally stable, for long simulation times, and that the damping layer width and the damping amplitude can be adjusted to produce maximum relative errors that are O[10-6]. The complete boundary treatment is in this sense consistent with the numerical simulation of the propagation dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - ACOUSTIC wave propagation
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
N1  - Accession Number: 109888178; Goodrich, John W. 1; Email Address: john.w.goodrich@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 14 Issue 3/4, p489; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: ACOUSTIC wave propagation; Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dahl, Milo D.
T1  - Turbulence statistics for jet noise source modeling from filtered PIV measurements.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 521
EP  - 552
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Time-resolved, particle image velocimetry was used to measure the velocity fluctuation field at three locations along the lipline of two subsonic jets. The time history data within these fields were filtered in the time domain using empirical mode decomposition to produce two signals from the velocity fluctuation measurements. One signal was for the low-frequency, large-scale turbulent eddy component of the velocity fluctuations and represented the computed results of a large-eddy simulation. The other signal was for the high-frequency, small-scale turbulent eddy component of the velocity fluctuations. This represented the missing scales of a large-eddy simulation. The effect of filtering on the statistical properties of the velocity fluctuations relevant to jet noise prediction modeling were studied. Two-point, space-time, cross correlations were computed for the axial velocity fluctuations. Comparisons were made for the second- and fourth- order two-point correlations, the integral phase velocities, length scales, and time scales, and the frequency dependent phase velocities, length scales, and time scales between the total, large-scale, and small-scale velocity fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - SUBSONIC flow
KW  - EMPIRICAL research
KW  - LARGE eddy simulation models
KW  - PREDICTION models
N1  - Accession Number: 109888179; Dahl, Milo D. 1; Email Address: milo.d.dahl@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 14 Issue 3/4, p521; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow; Subject Term: EMPIRICAL research; Subject Term: LARGE eddy simulation models; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Envia, Edmane
T1  - Aeroacoustic analysis of a high-speed open rotor.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 14
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 569
EP  - 606
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Owing to their inherent fuel efficiency, there is renewed interest in developing open rotor propulsion systems that are both efficient and quiet. The major contributor to the overall noise of an open rotor system is the propulsor noise, which is produced as a result of the interaction of the airstream with the counter-rotating blades. Prediction of the propulsor noise is, therefore, a necessary ingredient in any approach for designing low-noise open rotor systems that can meet community noise regulations and have acceptable cabin noise levels. To that end, there has been a resurgence of activities in the aeroacoustic modeling of open rotors in recent years. While direct numerical simulations are gaining traction, the bulk of existing prediction capability resides in hybrid approaches in which the aerodynamics of the open rotor system is computed via CFD and is used as input in some appropriate "linear" acoustic model for computing the open rotor noise. At NASA the focus has been on assessing the utility of hybrid approaches for accurately predicting the open rotor tone spectra with an emphasis on the understanding of the role of the various underlying mechanisms of noise generation and their relative importance at different operating conditions. Using high-fidelity aerodynamic simulations of a benchmark (non-proprietary) open rotor blade set, together with acoustic models based on a high-blade- count asymptotic approximation of the Ffowcs-Williams Hawkings equation, tone noise predictions for a number of configurations have been carried out. These aerodynamic and acoustic predictions have been compared with wind tunnel measurements of the benchmark open rotor blade set to establish the capabilities and the limitations of the hybrid approaches. The results suggest that while predicting the absolute spectral levels is difficult, the noise trends are reasonably well predicted by such hybrid approaches at a reasonable overall computational cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 109888181; Envia, Edmane 1; Email Address: edmane.envia-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Acoustics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 14 Issue 3/4, p569; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Foyle, David C.
AU  - Hooey, Becky L.
AU  - Bakowski, Deborah L.
AU  - Kunkle, Christina L.
T1  - Flight-Deck Surface Trajectory-Based Operations.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2015/04//Apr-Jun2015
VL  - 25
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 96
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 10508414
AB  - The results of three piloted simulations investigating flight-deck surface trajectory-based operations (STBO) are presented. Commercial transport pilots were given taxi clearances with time and speed components on the primary flight display and were required to taxi to the departing runway or intermediate intersections. Results show that when pilots were provided with speed-only taxi clearances, pilots either had poor required time of arrival (RTA) conformance with acceptable estimates of attentional distribution and safety, or had good RTA conformance with unacceptable attentional distribution and safety estimates. A flight-deck error-nulling algorithm/display allowed pilots to conform accurately with taxi RTA clearances while maintaining safety. Results are discussed in terms of pilot multitasking in the busy airport surface operations environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - INTERSECTION graph theory
KW  - PILOT projects
N1  - Accession Number: 112733138; Foyle, David C. 1 Hooey, Becky L. 2 Bakowski, Deborah L. 2 Kunkle, Christina L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center  2: San Jose State University at NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Apr-Jun2015, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p77; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: INTERSECTION graph theory; Subject Term: PILOT projects; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2015.1097090
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenwood, Eric
AU  - Schmitz, Fredric H.
AU  - Sickenberger, Richard D.
T1  - A Semiempirical Noise Modeling Method for Helicopter Maneuvering Flight Operations.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - A new model for blade-vortex interaction (BVI) noise generation during maneuvering flight is developed. Acoustic and performance data from both flight and wind tunnel tests are used to derive a nondimensional and analytical performance/ acoustic model that describes BVI noise in steady flight. The model is extended to transient maneuvering flight (pure pitch and roll transients) by using quasi-steady assumptions throughout the prescribed maneuvers. Ground noise measurements, taken during maneuvering flight of a Bell 206B helicopter, show that many of the noise radiation details are captured. The result is a computationally efficient BVI noise model with sufficient accuracy to account for transient maneuvering flight. The code can be run in real time to predict transient maneuver noise and is suitable for use in an acoustic mission planning tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BLADE-vortex interactions
KW  - TRANSIENTS (Dynamics)
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
N1  - Accession Number: 102152326; Greenwood, Eric 1; Email Address: eric.greenwood@nasa.gov Schmitz, Fredric H. 2 Sickenberger, Richard D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Research Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  2: Senior Research Professor, University of Maryland, College Park, MD  3: Research Associate, University of Maryland, College Park, MD; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BLADE-vortex interactions; Subject Term: TRANSIENTS (Dynamics); Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.60.022007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Putnam, Jacob B.
AU  - Untaroiu, Costin D.
AU  - Littell, Justin
AU  - Annett, Martin
T1  - Finite Element Model of the THOR-NT Dummy under Vertical Impact Loading for Aerospace Injury Prediction: Model Evaluation and Sensitivity Analysis.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 60
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Anthropometric test devices, commonly referred to as crash test dummies, are effective tools used to conduct aerospace safety evaluations. In this study, the latest finite element (FE) model of the Test Device for Human Occupant Restraint (THOR) dummy was simulated under vertical impact conditions based on data recorded in a series of drop tests conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center. The purpose of this study was threefold. The first was to improve and then evaluate this FE model for use in a vertical loading environment through kinematic and kinetic response comparisons. The second was to evaluate dummy injury criteria under variable impact conditions. The last was to determine the response sensitivity of the FE model with respect to its preimpact postural position. Results demonstrate that the updated FE model performs well under vertical loading and predicts injury criteria values close to those recorded in testing. In the postural sensitivity study, the head injury criteria response and peak lumbar load show to be primarily sensitive to the preimpact head angle and thorax angle, respectively. The promising results shown by the dummy model recommends its use in impact simulations with vertical deceleration pulses close to those used in this study. In addition, it is believed that assigning accurate viscoelastic material properties to the deformable parts of the model may further increase the model fidelity for a larger range of impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CRASH test dummies
KW  - IMPACT (Mechanics)
KW  - WOUNDS & injuries
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
N1  - Accession Number: 102152323; Putnam, Jacob B. 1 Untaroiu, Costin D. 2; Email Address: costin@vt.edu Littell, Justin 3 Annett, Martin 3; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Research Assistant, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA  2: Research Associate Professor, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA  3: Research Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 60 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Safety measures; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CRASH test dummies; Subject Term: IMPACT (Mechanics); Subject Term: WOUNDS & injuries; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.60.022004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang, Shuying
AU  - Humayun, Munir
AU  - Righter, Kevin
AU  - Jefferson, Gwendolyn
AU  - Fields, Dana
AU  - Irving, Anthony J.
T1  - Siderophile and chalcophile element abundances in shergottites: Implications for Martian core formation.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 691
EP  - 714
SN  - 10869379
AB  - Elemental abundances for volatile siderophile and chalcophile elements for Mars inform us about processes of accretion and core formation. Such data are few for Martian meteorites, and are often lacking in the growing number of desert finds. In this study, we employed laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry ( LA- ICP- MS) to analyze polished slabs of 15 Martian meteorites for the abundances of about 70 elements. This technique has high sensitivity, excellent precision, and is generally accurate as determined by comparisons of elements for which literature abundances are known. However, in some meteorites, the analyzed surface is not representative of the bulk composition due to the over- or underrepresentation of a key host mineral, e.g., phosphate for rare earth elements ( REE). For other meteorites, the range of variation in bulk rastered analyses of REE is within the range of variation reported among bulk REE analyses in the literature. An unexpected benefit has been the determination of the abundances of Ir and Os with a precision and accuracy comparable to the isotope dilution technique. Overall, the speed and small sample consumption afforded by this technique makes it an important tool widely applicable to small or rare meteorites for which a polished sample was prepared. The new volatile siderophile and chalcophile element abundances have been employed to determine Ge and Sb abundances, and revise Zn, As, and Bi abundances for the Martian mantle. The new estimates of Martian mantle composition support core formation at intermediate pressures (14 ± 3 GPa) in a magma ocean on Mars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SIDEROPHILE elements
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - MARTIAN meteorites
KW  - INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - MANTLE
N1  - Accession Number: 101893714; Yang, Shuying 1,2 Humayun, Munir 1,2 Righter, Kevin 3 Jefferson, Gwendolyn 1,4 Fields, Dana 1,5 Irving, Anthony J. 6; Affiliation:  1: National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University  2: Department of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science, Florida State University  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center  4: Carter High School  5: Rickards High School  6: Department of Earth & Space Sciences, University of Washington; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p691; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SIDEROPHILE elements; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: MARTIAN meteorites; Subject Term: INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: MANTLE; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12384
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lauretta, D. S.
AU  - Bartels, A. E.
AU  - Barucci, M. A.
AU  - Bierhaus, E. B.
AU  - Binzel, R. P.
AU  - Bottke, W. F.
AU  - Campins, H.
AU  - Chesley, S. R.
AU  - Clark, B. C.
AU  - Clark, B. E.
AU  - Cloutis, E. A.
AU  - Connolly, H. C.
AU  - Crombie, M. K.
AU  - Delbó, M.
AU  - Dworkin, J. P.
AU  - Emery, J. P.
AU  - Glavin, D. P.
AU  - Hamilton, V. E.
AU  - Hergenrother, C. W.
AU  - Johnson, C. L.
T1  - The OSIRIS-REx target asteroid (101955) Bennu: Constraints on its physical, geological, and dynamical nature from astronomical observations.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 834
EP  - 849
SN  - 10869379
AB  - We review the results of an extensive campaign to determine the physical, geological, and dynamical properties of asteroid (101955) Bennu. This investigation provides information on the orbit, shape, mass, rotation state, radar response, photometric, spectroscopic, thermal, regolith, and environmental properties of Bennu. We combine these data with cosmochemical and dynamical models to develop a hypothetical timeline for Bennu's formation and evolution. We infer that Bennu is an ancient object that has witnessed over 4.5 Gyr of solar system history. Its chemistry and mineralogy were established within the first 10 Myr of the solar system. It likely originated as a discrete asteroid in the inner Main Belt approximately 0.7-2 Gyr ago as a fragment from the catastrophic disruption of a large (approximately 100-km), carbonaceous asteroid. It was delivered to near-Earth space via a combination of Yarkovsky-induced drift and interaction with giant-planet resonances. During its journey, YORP processes and planetary close encounters modified Bennu's spin state, potentially reshaping and resurfacing the asteroid. We also review work on Bennu's future dynamical evolution and constrain its ultimate fate. It is one of the most Potentially Hazardous Asteroids with an approximately 1-in-2700 chance of impacting the Earth in the late 22nd century. It will most likely end its dynamical life by falling into the Sun. The highest probability for a planetary impact is with Venus, followed by the Earth. There is a chance that Bennu will be ejected from the inner solar system after a close encounter with Jupiter. OSIRIS-REx will return samples from the surface of this intriguing asteroid in September 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS -- Rotation
KW  - ASTEROID orbits
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 101893708; Lauretta, D. S. 1 Bartels, A. E. 2 Barucci, M. A. 3 Bierhaus, E. B. 4 Binzel, R. P. 5 Bottke, W. F. 6 Campins, H. 7 Chesley, S. R. 8 Clark, B. C. 9 Clark, B. E. 10 Cloutis, E. A. 11 Connolly, H. C. 12,13,14 Crombie, M. K. 15 Delbó, M. 16 Dworkin, J. P. 2 Emery, J. P. 17 Glavin, D. P. 2 Hamilton, V. E. 6 Hergenrother, C. W. 1 Johnson, C. L. 18,19; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory University of Arizona  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center  3: Observatoire de Paris  4: Lockheed Martin Space Systems  5: Massachussets Institute of Technology  6: Southwest Research Institute  7: University of Central Florida  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  9: Space Science Institute  10: Ithaca College  11: University of Winnipeg  12: Kingsborough Community College of CUNY  13: The Graduate Center of CUNY  14: AMNH Central Park West  15: Indigo Information Services  16: Lagrange Laboratory University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis CNRS, Côte d'Azur Observatory  17: University of Tennessee  18: Planetary Science Institute  19: University of British Columbia; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p834; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS -- Rotation; Subject Term: ASTEROID orbits; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12353
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101893708&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hoang, Thiem
AU  - Lazarian, A.
AU  - Andersson, B.-G.
T1  - Modelling grain alignment by radiative torques and hydrogen formation torques in reflection nebula.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/04//4/1/2015
VL  - 448
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1178
EP  - 1198
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Reflection nebulae -- dense cores -- illuminated by surrounding stars offer a unique opportunity to directly test our quantitative model of grain alignment based on radiative torques (RATs) and to explore new effects arising from additional torques. In this paper, we first perform detailed modelling of grain alignment by RATs for the IC 63 reflection nebula illuminated both by a nearby γ Cas star and the diffuse interstellar radiation field. We calculate linear polarization pλ of background stars by radiatively aligned grains and explore the variation of fractional polarization (pλ/AV) with visual extinction AV across the cloud. Our results show that the variation of pV/AV versus AV from the dayside of IC 63 to its centre can be represented by a power law (pV/AV ∝ AVη) with different slopes depending on AV. We find a shallow slope η ~ -0.1 for AV < 3 and a very steep slope η ~ - 2 for AV > 4. We then consider the effects of additional torques due to H2 formation and model grain alignment by joint action of RATs and H2 torques. We find thatpV/AV tends to increase with an increasing magnitude of H2 torques. In particular, the theoretical predictions obtained for pV/AV and peak wavelength λmax in this case show an improved agreement with the observational data. Our results reinforce the predictive power of the RAT alignment mechanism in a broad range of environmental conditions and show the effect of pinwheel torques in environments with efficient H2 formation. Physical parameters involved in H2 formation may be constrained using detailed modelling of grain alignment combined with observational data. In addition, we discuss implications of our modelling for interpreting latest observational data by Planck and other ground-based instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN production
KW  - REFLECTION nebulae
KW  - TORQUE
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - GALAXIES -- Magnetic fields
KW  - extinction
KW  - magnetic fields -- polarization -- dust
N1  - Accession Number: 102558636; Hoang, Thiem 1,2; Email Address: hoang@cita.utoronto.ca Lazarian, A. 3 Andersson, B.-G. 4; Affiliation:  1: Institut f 252;r Theoretische Physik, Lehrstuhl IV: Weltraum- und Astrophysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, D-44780 Bochum, Germany  2: Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 60 St George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705, USA  4: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. N232-12 Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/1/2015, Vol. 448 Issue 2, p1178; Subject Term: HYDROGEN production; Subject Term: REFLECTION nebulae; Subject Term: TORQUE; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: magnetic fields -- polarization -- dust; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stu2758
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guan, Kaiyu
AU  - Pan, Ming
AU  - Li, Haibin
AU  - Wolf, Adam
AU  - Wu, Jin
AU  - Medvigy, David
AU  - Caylor, Kelly K.
AU  - Sheffield, Justin
AU  - Wood, Eric F.
AU  - Malhi, Yadvinder
AU  - Liang, Miaoling
AU  - Kimball, John S.
AU  - Saleska, Scott R.
AU  - Berry, Joe
AU  - Joiner, Joanna
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
T1  - Photosynthetic seasonality of global tropical forests constrained by hydroclimate.
JO  - Nature Geoscience
JF  - Nature Geoscience
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 284
EP  - 289
SN  - 17520894
AB  - The response of tropical forests to droughts is highly uncertain. During the dry season, canopy photosynthesis of some tropical forests can decline, whereas in others it can be maintained at the same or a higher level than during the wet season. However, it remains uncertain to what extent water availability is responsible for productivity declines of tropical forests during the dry season. Here we use global satellite observations of two independent measures of vegetation photosynthetic properties (enhanced vegetation index from 2002 to 2012 and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence from 2007 to 2012) to investigate links between hydroclimate and tropical forest productivity. We find that above an annual rainfall threshold of approximately 2,000 mm yr−1, the evergreen state is sustained during the dry season in tropical rainforests worldwide, whereas below that threshold, this is not the case. Through a water-budget analysis of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and satellite measurements of water storage change, we demonstrate that this threshold determines whether the supply of seasonally redistributed subsurface water storage from the wet season can satisfy plant water demands in the subsequent dry season. We conclude that water availability exerts a first-order control on vegetation seasonality in tropical forests globally. Our framework can also help identify where tropical forests may be vulnerable or resilient to future hydroclimatic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature Geoscience is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - DROUGHTS -- Environmental aspects
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL -- Spectra
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - TROPICS
N1  - Accession Number: 102364953; Guan, Kaiyu 1 Pan, Ming 2 Li, Haibin 3 Wolf, Adam 4 Wu, Jin 5 Medvigy, David 6 Caylor, Kelly K. 2 Sheffield, Justin 2 Wood, Eric F. 2 Malhi, Yadvinder 7 Liang, Miaoling 2 Kimball, John S. 8 Saleska, Scott R. 5 Berry, Joe 9 Joiner, Joanna 10 Lyapustin, Alexei I. 10; Affiliation:  1: 1] Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA [2] Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA  2: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA  4: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA  5: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA  6: Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA  7: School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QY, UK  8: 1] The University of Montana Flathead Lake Biological Station, Polson, Montana 59860, USA [2] Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA  9: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 260 Panama Street Stanford, California 94305, USA  10: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p284; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: DROUGHTS -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL -- Spectra; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: TROPICS; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/ngeo2382
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102364953&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, J.
T1  - Kinetic Aspects of TiAlC MAX Phase Oxidation.
JO  - Oxidation of Metals
JF  - Oxidation of Metals
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 83
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 351
EP  - 366
SN  - 0030770X
AB  - The oxidation kinetics of a commercial TiAlC MAX phase compound were measured in 100 h isothermal thermogravimetric tests at 1,100, 1,200, and 1,300 °C. A significant amount of transient oxidation took place during the initial 5 min of heating due to the rapid growth of non-protective TiO scales. After correcting for this amount, shown as a knee in log-log plots, the mass gain was similar to that for alumina-forming FeCrAl alloys. Nearly t cubic kinetics were obeyed, as reported in the literature. An activation energy of ~340 kJ/mol was found, similar to ~380 kJ/mol previously demonstrated for grain boundary oxygen diffusivity. Power law fitting accounts for grain coarsening effects on an otherwise fundamentally parabolic scaling process. In summation, cubic steady-state TiAlC oxidation kinetics are consistent with grain boundary diffusion mechanisms for alumina scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oxidation of Metals is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - TITANIUM compounds
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - ISOTHERMAL processes
KW  - MATERIALS science
KW  - Alumina scales
KW  - Cubic rate law
KW  - Grain boundary diffusivity
KW  - MAX phase compounds
KW  - TiAlC
KW  - Transient oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 101328831; Smialek, J. 1; Email Address: james.l.smialek@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 83 Issue 3/4, p351; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: TITANIUM compounds; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL processes; Subject Term: MATERIALS science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alumina scales; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cubic rate law; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundary diffusivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: MAX phase compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiAlC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transient oxidation; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11085-015-9526-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101328831&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gould, Alan
AU  - Komatsu, Toshi
AU  - DeVore, Edna
AU  - Harman, Pamela
AU  - Koch, David
T1  - Kepler's Third Law and NASA's Kepler Mission.
JO  - Physics Teacher
JF  - Physics Teacher
Y1  - 2015/04//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Question & Answer
SP  - 201
EP  - 204
SN  - 0031921X
AB  - The article presents questions and answers related to astronomy including goals of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kepler Mission, mission's planet-finding technique and instrument used by the mission.
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 101759274; Gould, Alan 1 Komatsu, Toshi 1 DeVore, Edna 2 Harman, Pamela 2 Koch, David 3; Affiliation:  1: Lawrence Hall of Science, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p201; Subject Term: PLANETS; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Question & Answer
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yen Liu
AU  - Panesi, Marco
AU  - Sahai, Amal
AU  - Vinokur, Marcel
T1  - General multi-group macroscopic modeling for thermo-chemical non-equilibrium gas mixtures.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2015/04/07/
VL  - 142
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - This paper opens a new door to macroscopic modeling for thermal and chemical non-equilibrium. In a game-changing approach, we discard conventional theories and practices stemming from the separation of internal energy modes and the Landau-Teller relaxation equation. Instead, we solve the fundamental microscopic equations in their moment forms but seek only optimum representations for the microscopic state distribution function that provides converged and time accurate solutions for certain macroscopic quantities at all times. The modeling makes no ad hoc assumptions or simplifications at the microscopic level and includes all possible collisional and radiative processes; it therefore retains all non-equilibrium fluid physics. We formulate the thermal and chemical nonequilibrium macroscopic equations and rate coefficients in a coupled and unified fashion for gases undergoing completely general transitions. All collisional partners can have internal structures and can change their internal energy states after transitions. The model is based on the reconstruction of the state distribution function. The internal energy space is subdivided into multiple groups in order to better describe non-equilibrium state distributions. The logarithm of the distribution function in each group is expressed as a power series in internal energy based on the maximum entropy principle. The method of weighted residuals is applied to the microscopic equations to obtain macroscopic moment equations and rate coefficients succinctly to any order. The model's accuracy depends only on the assumed expression of the state distribution function and the number of groups used and can be self-checked for accuracy and convergence. We show that the macroscopic internal energy transfer, similar to mass and momentum transfers, occurs through nonlinear collisional processes and is not a simple relaxation process described by, e.g., the Landau-Teller equation. Unlike the classical vibrational energy relaxation model, which can only be applied to molecules, the new model is applicable to atoms, molecules, ions, and their mixtures. Numerical examples and model validations are carried out with two gas mixtures using the maximum entropy linear model: one mixture consists of nitrogen molecules undergoing internal excitation and dissociation and the other consists of nitrogen atoms undergoing internal excitation and ionization. Results show that the original hundreds to thousands of microscopic equations can be reduced to two macroscopic equations with almost perfect agreement for the total number density and total internal energy using only one or two groups. We also obtain good prediction of the microscopic state populations using 5-10 groups in the macroscopic equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM flow
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 102027853; Yen Liu 1; Email Address: yen.liu@nasa.gov Panesi, Marco 2 Sahai, Amal 2 Vinokur, Marcel 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 142 Issue 13, p1; Subject Term: THERMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4915926
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Monk, Joshua D.
AU  - Haskins, Justin B.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Molecular dynamics simulations of phenolic resin: Construction of atomistic models.
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2015/04/07/
VL  - 62
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 49
SN  - 00323861
AB  - Algorithms to generate atomistic models of cross-linked phenolic resins suitable for molecular dynamics simulations were investigated. The influence of five parameters (initial volume of uncross-linked material, cross-linking approach, relaxation time, equilibration temperature) on generating cross-linked structures was studied quantitatively using a full factorial sensitivity analysis. The parameters were found to be dependent on the degree of cross linking (D). For low cross-linking, only the equilibration temperature has a significant impact on the final energetics and densities. However, for higher cross-linking (D > 70%), the equilibration temperature, initial volume and cross-linking approach were shown to influence the phenolic structures. Iterative, rather than single step, methods were shown to produce better structures. The initial volume of the uncross-linked material was identified as having the most influence on the final volume of fully cross-linked systems. By optimizing all five parameters, highly cross-linked samples with low energetics and consistent densities could be generated. To validate the models, thermo-mechanical properties of cross-linked phenolic samples were characterized as a function of density and degree of cross-linking. Good agreement with experimental values was obtained for properties such as the glass transition temperature, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), elastic moduli, and thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - PHENOLIC resins
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - CROSSLINKING (Polymerization)
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - GLASS transition temperature
KW  - THERMOSETTING polymers
KW  - Molecular dynamics
KW  - Phenolic resins
KW  - Thermosetting polymer
N1  - Accession Number: 101932284; Monk, Joshua D. 1 Haskins, Justin B. 1 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1 Lawson, John W. 1; Email Address: John.W.Lawson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2015, Vol. 62, p39; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: PHENOLIC resins; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: CROSSLINKING (Polymerization); Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: GLASS transition temperature; Subject Term: THERMOSETTING polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phenolic resins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermosetting polymer; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.02.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stern, Jennifer C.
AU  - Sutter, Brad
AU  - Freissinet, Caroline
AU  - Navarro-González, Rafael
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Archer Jr., P. Douglas
AU  - Buch, Arnaud
AU  - Brunner, Anna E.
AU  - Coll, Patrice
AU  - Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.
AU  - Fairen, Alberto G.
AU  - Franz, Heather B.
AU  - Glavin, Daniel P.
AU  - Kashyap, Srishti
AU  - McAdam, Amy C.
AU  - Ming, Douglas W.
AU  - Steele, Andrew
AU  - Szopa, Cyril
AU  - Wray, James J.
AU  - Martín-Torres, F. Javier
T1  - Evidence for indigenous nitrogen in sedimentary and aeolian deposits from the Curiosity rover investigations at Gale crater, Mars.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2015/04/07/
VL  - 112
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 4245
EP  - 4250
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) investigation on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has detected oxidized nitrogen-bearing compounds during pyrolysis of scooped aeolian sediments and drilled sedimentary deposits within Gale crater. Total N concentrations ranged from 20 to 250 nmol N per sample. After subtraction of known N sources in SAM, our results support the equivalent of 110-300 ppm of nitrate in the Rocknest (RN) aeolian samples, and 70-260 and 330-1,100 ppm nitrate in John Klein (JK) and Cumberland (CB) mudstone deposits, respectively. Discovery of indigenous martian nitrogen in Mars surface materials has important implications for habitability and, specifically, for the potential evolution of a nitrogen cycle at some point in martian history. The detection of nitrate in both wind-drifted fines (RN) and in mudstone (JK, CB) is likely a result of N2 fixation to nitrate generated by thermal shock from impact or volcanic plume lightning on ancient Mars. Fixed nitrogen could have facilitated the development of a primitive nitrogen cycle on the surface of ancient Mars, potentially providing a biochemically accessible source of nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - AEOLIANS
KW  - SUBTRACTION (Mathematics)
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - Curiosity
KW  - Mars
KW  - nitrates
KW  - nitrogen
N1  - Accession Number: 103366242; Stern, Jennifer C. 1; Email Address: jennifer.c.stern@nasa.gov Sutter, Brad 2 Freissinet, Caroline 3 Navarro-González, Rafael 4 McKay, Christopher P. 5 Archer Jr., P. Douglas 2 Buch, Arnaud 6 Brunner, Anna E. 1,7 Coll, Patrice 8 Eigenbrode, Jennifer L. 1 Fairen, Alberto G. 9,10 Franz, Heather B. 1,11 Glavin, Daniel P. 1 Kashyap, Srishti 1,12 McAdam, Amy C. 1 Ming, Douglas W. 13 Steele, Andrew 14 Szopa, Cyril 15 Wray, James J. 16 Martín-Torres, F. Javier 17,18; Affiliation:  1: Solar System Exploration Division, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771  2: Jacobs Technology, Inc., Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058  3: NASA Postdoctoral Program, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771  4: Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico D.F., Mexico  5: Exobiology Branch, Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA 94035  6: Laboratoire de Genie de Procedes et Materiaux, Ecole Centrale Paris, 92295 Chatenay-Malabry, France  7: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281  8: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, Université Paris-Est Créteil, Université Paris Diderot and CNRS, 94000 Créteil, France  9: Centro de Astrobiologia, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain  10: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853  11: Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742  12: Department of Microbiology University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003  13: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Directorate, Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX 77058  14: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015  15: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux et Observations Spatiales, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Versailles Saint-Quentin and CNRS, 75005 Paris, France  16: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332  17: Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Universidad de Granada), 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain  18: Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, S-981 28 Kiruna, Sweden; Source Info: 4/7/2015, Vol. 112 Issue 14, p4245; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: AEOLIANS; Subject Term: SUBTRACTION (Mathematics); Subject Term: NITRATES; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curiosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrates; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1420932112
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103366242&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kundan, Akshay
AU  - Plawsky, Joel L.
AU  - Wayner Jr., Peter C.
AU  - Chao, David F.
AU  - Sicker, Ronald J.
AU  - Motil, Brian J.
AU  - Lorik, Tibor
AU  - Chestney, Louis
AU  - Eustace, John
AU  - Zoldak, John
T1  - Thermocapillary Phenomena and Performance Limitations of a Wickless Heat Pipe in Microgravity.
JO  - Physical Review Letters
JF  - Physical Review Letters
Y1  - 2015/04/10/
VL  - 114
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 146105-1
EP  - 146105-5
SN  - 00319007
AB  - A counterintuitive, thermocapillary-induced limit to heat- pipe performance was observed that is not predicted by current thermal-fluid models. Heat pipes operate under a number of physical constraints including the capillary, boiling, sonic, and entrainment limits that fundamentally affect their performance. Temperature gradients near the heated end may be high enough to generate significant Marangoni forces that oppose the return flow of liquid from the cold end. These forces are believed to exacerbate dry out conditions and force the capillary limit to be reached prematurely. Using a combination of image and thermal data from experiments conducted on the International Space Station with a transparent heat pipe, we show that in the presence of significant Marangoni forces, dry out is not the initial mechanism limiting performance, but that the physical cause is exactly the opposite behavior: flooding of the hot end with liquid. The observed effect is a consequence of the competition between capillary and Marangoni-induced forces. The temperature signature of flooding is virtually identical to dry out, making diagnosis difficult without direct visual observation of the vapor-liquid interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review Letters is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - EXTREME environments
KW  - HEAT-transfer media
KW  - LIQUIDS
N1  - Accession Number: 102387754; Kundan, Akshay 1 Plawsky, Joel L. 1; Email Address: plawsky@rpi.edu Wayner Jr., Peter C. 1 Chao, David F. 2 Sicker, Ronald J. 2 Motil, Brian J. 2 Lorik, Tibor 3 Chestney, Louis 3 Eustace, John 3 Zoldak, John 3; Affiliation:  1: Howard P. Hermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: Zin Technologies, Cleveland, Ohio 44130, USA; Source Info: 4/10/2015, Vol. 114 Issue 14, p146105-1; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: EXTREME environments; Subject Term: HEAT-transfer media; Subject Term: LIQUIDS; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.146105
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mislis, D.
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, J.
AU  - Ciceri, S.
AU  - Southworth, J.
AU  - D'Ago, G.
AU  - Bruni, I.
AU  - Baştürk, Ö.
AU  - Alsubai, K. A.
AU  - Bachelet, E.
AU  - Bramich, D. M.
AU  - Henning, Th.
AU  - Hinse, T. C.
AU  - Iannella, A. L.
AU  - Parley, N.
AU  - Schroeder, T.
T1  - High-precision multiband time series photometry of exoplanets Qatar-1b and TrES-5b.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/04/11/
VL  - 448
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2617
EP  - 2623
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present an analysis of the Qatar-1 and TrES-5 transiting exoplanetary systems, which contain Jupiter-like planets on short-period orbits around K-dwarf stars. Our data comprise a total of 20 transit light curves obtained using five medium-class telescopes, operated using the defocusing technique. The average precision we reach in all our data is RMSQ = 1.1 mmag for Qatar-1 (V = 12.8) and RMST = 1.0 mmag for TrES-5 (V = 13.7). We use these data to refine the orbital ephemeris, photometric parameters, and measured physical properties of the two systems. One transit event for each object was observed simultaneously in three passbands (gri) using the BUSCA imager. The QES survey light curve of Qatar-1 has a clear sinusoidal variation on a period of P⋆ = 23.697 ± 0.123 d, implying significant star-spot activity. We searched for star-spot crossing events in our light curves, but did not find clear evidence in any of the new data sets. The planet in the Qatar-1 system did not transit the active latitudes on the surfaces of its host star. Under the assumption that P⋆ corresponds to the rotation period of Qatar-1A, the rotational velocity of this star is very close to the vsin i⋆ value found from observations of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. The low projected orbital obliquity found in this system thus implies a low absolute orbital obliquity, which is also a necessary condition for the transit chord of the planet to avoid active latitudes on the stellar surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 110198844; Mislis, D. 1; Email Address: dmislis@qf.org.qa Mancini, L. 2 Tregloan-Reed, J. 3 Ciceri, S. 2 Southworth, J. 4 D'Ago, G. 5 Bruni, I. 6 Baştürk, Ö. 7 Alsubai, K. A. 1 Bachelet, E. 1 Bramich, D. M. 1 Henning, Th. 2 Hinse, T. C. 8 Iannella, A. L. 5 Parley, N. 1 Schroeder, T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Qatar Foundation, Tornado Tower, Floor 19, PO Box 5825, Doha, Qatar  2: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  5: Department of Physics, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy  6: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy  7: Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Tandoğan, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey  8: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedukdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of Korea; Source Info: 4/11/2015, Vol. 448 Issue 3, p2617; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv197
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
T1  - A unified derivation of Hamiltonian and optical transition matrix elements for open shell diatomic and polyatomic molecules using transformation tools of modern quantum mechanics.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2015/04/14/
VL  - 142
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - In this work, we systematically derive the matrix elements of the nuclear rotation operators for open shell diatomic and polyatomic molecules in a parity adapted Hund's case (a) basis. Our expressions are valid for an arbitrary number of electrons and arbitrary electronic configurations. The common ad hoc sign changes of angular momentum operators are shown to be equivalent to a change in phase of basis functions. We show how to relate this basis to that required for scattering calculations. We also give the expressions for Einstein A coefficients for electric dipole, electric quadrupole, and magnetic dipole transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIATOMS
KW  - POLYATOMIC molecules
KW  - QUANTUM mechanics
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - ELECTRIC dipole moments
N1  - Accession Number: 102123777; Schwenke, David W. 1; Email Address: david.w.schwenke@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 258-2, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 142 Issue 14, p1; Subject Term: DIATOMS; Subject Term: POLYATOMIC molecules; Subject Term: QUANTUM mechanics; Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Subject Term: ELECTRIC dipole moments; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4916952
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Marco, Orsola
AU  - Long, J.
AU  - Jacoby, George H.
AU  - Hillwig, T.
AU  - Kronberger, M.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Reindl, N.
AU  - Margheim, Steve
T1  - Identifying close binary central stars of PN with Kepler.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/04/21/
VL  - 448
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3587
EP  - 3602
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Six planetary nebulae (PN) are known in the Kepler space telescope field of view, three of which are newly identified. Of the five central stars of PN with useful Kepler data, one, J193110888+4324577, is the first short-period, post-common envelope binary exhibiting relativistic beaming effects. A second, the central star of the newly identified PN Pa 5, has a rare O(He) spectral type and a periodic variability consistent with an evolved companion, where the orbital axis is almost aligned with the line of sight. The third PN, NGC 6826, has a fast rotating central star, something that can only be achieved in a merger. Fourth, the central star of the newly identified PN Kn 61, has a PG1159 spectral type and a mysterious semi-periodic light variability which we conjecture to be related to the interplay of binarity with a stellar wind. Finally, the central star of the circular PN A61 does not appear to have a photometric variability above 2 mmag. With the possible exception of the variability of Kn 61, all other variability behaviour, would not easily have been detected from the ground. We conclude, based on very low numbers, that there may be many more close binary or close binary products to be discovered with ultra-high-precision photometry. With a larger number of high-precision photometric observations, we will be able to determine how much higher than the currently known 15 per cent, the short-period binary fraction for central stars of PN is likely to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - PLANETARY nebulae
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - planetary nebulae: individual: J193110888+4324577
KW  - planetary nebulae: individual: Kn 61
KW  - planetary nebulae: individual: Pa 5
KW  - stars: evolution
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110198919; De Marco, Orsola 1,2; Email Address: orsola.demarco@mq.edu.au Long, J. 3 Jacoby, George H. 3 Hillwig, T. 4 Kronberger, M. 5 Howell, Steve B. 6 Reindl, N. 7,8 Margheim, Steve 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia  2: Astronomy, Astrophysics and Astrophotonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia  3: Giant Magellan Telescope/Carnegie Observatories, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  4: Valparaiso University, 700 Chapel Dr, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA  5: Deep Sky Hunters Collaboration  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Tübingen University, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany  8: Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kepler Center for Astro and Particle Physics, Eberhard Karls University, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany  9: Gemini Observatory, Southern Operations Center, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile; Source Info: 4/21/2015, Vol. 448 Issue 4, p3587; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: PLANETARY nebulae; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary nebulae: individual: J193110888+4324577; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary nebulae: individual: Kn 61; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary nebulae: individual: Pa 5; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv249
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Minhua Zhao
AU  - Bin Ming
AU  - Jae-Woo Kim
AU  - Luke J Gibbons
AU  - Xiaohong Gu
AU  - Tinh Nguyen
AU  - Cheol Park
AU  - Peter T Lillehei
AU  - J S Villarrubia
AU  - András E Vladár
AU  - J Alexander Liddle
T1  - Erratum: New insights into subsurface imaging of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites via scanning electron microscopy (2015 Nanotechnology 26 085703).
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2015/04/24/
VL  - 26
IS  - 16
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - A correction to the article "New insights into subsurface imaging of carbon nanotubes in polymer composites via scanning electron microscopy" that was appeared in the 2015 issue is presented.
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 101847884; Minhua Zhao 1,2 Bin Ming 3 Jae-Woo Kim 4 Luke J Gibbons 5 Xiaohong Gu 6 Tinh Nguyen 6 Cheol Park 4,7 Peter T Lillehei 4 J S Villarrubia 3 András E Vladár 3 J Alexander Liddle 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA  2: University of Maryland, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College Park, USA  3: Physical Measurement Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA  5: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, USA  6: Engineering Lab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA  7: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA; Source Info: 4/24/2015, Vol. 26 Issue 16, p1; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/26/16/169601
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lau, R. M.
AU  - Herter, T. L.
AU  - Morris, M. R.
AU  - Li, Z.
AU  - Adams, J. D.
T1  - Old supernova dust factory revealed at the Galactic center.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/04/24/
VL  - 348
IS  - 6233
M3  - Article
SP  - 413
EP  - 418
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article focuses on research examining the source of dust observed in the distant, early universe. It comments on the use of infrared observations of warm dust detected near the center of the Sagittarius A East supernova remnant (SNR) at the center of the Milky Way and detected the presence of dust within an older SNR that survived the passage of the reverse shock. It speculates supernova could be the primary dust-production mechanism in galaxies of the early universe.
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - SAGITTARIUS A* (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 102238515; Lau, R. M. 1; Email Address: ryanl@astro.cornell.edu Herter, T. L. 1 Morris, M. R. 2 Li, Z. 3 Adams, J. D. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  3: School of Astronomy and Space Science, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China  4: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/24/2015, Vol. 348 Issue 6233, p413; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: SAGITTARIUS A* (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaa2208
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, David T.
AU  - Gruen, Danielle S.
AU  - Sherwood Lollar, Barbara
AU  - Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe
AU  - Stewart, Lucy C.
AU  - Holden, James F.
AU  - Hristov, Alexander N.
AU  - Pohlman, John W.
AU  - Morrill, Penny L.
AU  - Könneke, Martin
AU  - Delwiche, Kyle B.
AU  - Reeves, Eoghan P.
AU  - Sutcliffe, Chelsea N.
AU  - Ritter, Daniel J.
AU  - Seewald, Jeffrey S.
AU  - McIntosh, Jennifer C.
AU  - Hemond, Harold F.
AU  - Kubo, Michael D.
AU  - Cardace, Dawn
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
T1  - Nonequilibrium clumped isotope signals in microbial methane.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/04/24/
VL  - 348
IS  - 6233
M3  - Article
SP  - 428
EP  - 431
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Methane is a key component in the global carbon cycle, with a wide range of anthropogenic and natural sources. Although isotopic compositions of methane have traditionally aided source identification, the abundance of its multiply substituted "clumped" isotopologues (for example, 13CH3D) has recently emerged as a proxy for determining methane-formation temperatures. However, the effect of biological processes on methane's clumped isotopologue signature is poorly constrained. We show that methanogenesis proceeding at relatively high rates in cattle, surface environments, and laboratory cultures exerts kinetic control on 13CH3D abundances and results in anomalously elevated formation-temperature estimates. We demonstrate quantitatively that H2 availability accounts for this effect. Clumped methane thermometry can therefore provide constraints on the generation of methane in diverse settings, including continental serpentinization sites and ancient, deep groundwaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - NON-equilibrium reactions
KW  - ISOTOPES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMOMETRY
KW  - METHANE cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - KINETIC control
N1  - Accession Number: 102238549; Wang, David T. 1,2 Gruen, Danielle S. 1,2 Sherwood Lollar, Barbara 3 Hinrichs, Kai-Uwe 4 Stewart, Lucy C. 5 Holden, James F. 5 Hristov, Alexander N. 6 Pohlman, John W. 7 Morrill, Penny L. 8 Könneke, Martin 4 Delwiche, Kyle B. 9 Reeves, Eoghan P. 1 Sutcliffe, Chelsea N. 3 Ritter, Daniel J. 10 Seewald, Jeffrey S. 2 McIntosh, Jennifer C. 10 Hemond, Harold F. 9 Kubo, Michael D. 11 Cardace, Dawn 12 Hoehler, Tori M. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA  3: Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada  4: MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences and Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen, Bremen D-28359, Germany  5: Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA  6: Department Animal Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  7: U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA  8: Department of Earth Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland and Labrador A1B 3X5, Canada  9: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  10: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  11: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  12: Department of Geosciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Source Info: 4/24/2015, Vol. 348 Issue 6233, p428; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: NON-equilibrium reactions; Subject Term: ISOTOPES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMOMETRY; Subject Term: METHANE cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: KINETIC control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaa4326
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Meyer, Marit
AU  - Mulholland, George W.
AU  - Bryg, Victoria
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Yuan, Zeng-guang
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
AU  - Cleary, Thomas
AU  - Yang, Jiann
T1  - Smoke Characterization and Feasibility of the Moment Method for Spacecraft Fire Detection.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 299
EP  - 309
SN  - 02786826
AB  - The Smoke Aerosol Measurement Experiment (SAME) has been conducted twice by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and provided real-time aerosol data in a spacecraft micro-gravity environment. Flight experiment results have been recently analyzed with respect to comparable ground-based experiments. The ground tests included an electrical mobility analyzer as a reference instrument for measuring particle size distributions of the smoke produced from overheating five common spacecraft materials. Repeatable sample surface temperatures were obtained with the SAME ground-based hardware, and measurements were taken with the aerosol instruments returned from the International Space Station comprising two commercial smoke detectors, three aerosol instruments, which measure moments of the particle size distribution, and a thermal precipitator for collecting smoke particles for transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Moment averages from the particle number concentration (zeroth moment), the diameter concentration (first moment), and the mass concentration (third moment) allowed calculation of the count mean diameter and the diameter of average mass of smoke particles. Additional size distribution information, including geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviations, can be calculated if the particle size distribution is assumed to be lognormal. Both unaged and aged smoke particle size distributions from ground experiments were analyzed to determine the validity of lognormal assumption. Comparisons are made between flight experiment particle size distribution statistics generated by moment calculations and microscopy particle size distributions (using projected area equivalent diameter) from TEM grids, which have been returned to the Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - FIRE detectors
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - THERMAL efficiency
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 102171179; Meyer, Marit 1 Mulholland, George W. 2,3 Bryg, Victoria 4 Urban, David L. 1 Yuan, Zeng-guang 4 Ruff, Gary A. 1 Cleary, Thomas 3 Yang, Jiann 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  2: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA  3: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA  4: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p299; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: FIRE detectors; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: THERMAL efficiency; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423620 Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414220 Household appliance merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2015.1025124
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102171179&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mulholland, George W.
AU  - Meyer, Marit
AU  - Urban, David L.
AU  - Ruff, Gary A.
AU  - Yuan, Zeng-guang
AU  - Bryg, Victoria
AU  - Cleary, Thomas
AU  - Yang, Jiann
T1  - Pyrolysis Smoke Generated Under Low-Gravity Conditions.
JO  - Aerosol Science & Technology
JF  - Aerosol Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 310
EP  - 321
SN  - 02786826
AB  - A series of smoke experiments were carried out in the Microgravity Science Glovebox on the International Space Station (ISS) Facility to assess the impact of low-gravity conditions on the properties of the smoke aerosol. The smokes were generated by heating five different materials commonly used in space vehicles. This study focuses on the effects of flow and heating temperature for low-gravity conditions on the pyrolysis rate, the smoke plume structure, the smoke yield, the average particle size, and particle structure. Low-gravity conditions allowed a unique opportunity to study the smoke plume for zero external flow without the complication of buoyancy. The diameter of average mass increased on average by a factor of 1.9 and the morphology of the smoke changed from agglomerate with flow to spherical at no flow for one material. The no flow case is an important scenario in spacecraft where smoke could be generated by the overheating of electronic components in confined spaces. From electron microcopy of samples returned to earth, it was found that the smoke can form an agglomerate shape as well as a spherical shape, which had previously been the assumed shape. A possible explanation for the shape of the smoke generated by each material is presented. Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerosol Science & Technology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - GLOVE boxes (Safety devices)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 102171180; Mulholland, George W. 1,2 Meyer, Marit 3 Urban, David L. 3 Ruff, Gary A. 3 Yuan, Zeng-guang 4 Bryg, Victoria 4 Cleary, Thomas 2 Yang, Jiann 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  3: National Center for Space Exploration Research, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  4: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p310; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: GLOVE boxes (Safety devices); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/02786826.2015.1025125
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102171180&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Friedlander, David J.
AU  - Georgiadis, Nicholas J.
AU  - Turner, Mark G.
AU  - Orkwis, Paul D.
T1  - Numerical Simulations of the University of Michigan Shock Boundary-Layer Interaction Experiments.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1134
EP  - 1145
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analyses of the University of Michigan (UM) Shock Boundary-Layer Interaction (SBL1) experiments were performed as an extension of the CFD SBLI Workshop held at the 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting in 2010. In particular, the UM Mach 2.75 Glass Tunnel with a semi-spanning 7.75 degree wedge was analyzed in attempts to explore key physics pertinent to SBLI's, including thermodynamic and viscous boundary conditions. A fundamental exploration pertaining to the effects of particle image velocimetry (PIV) on postprocessing data is also shown. Results showed an improvement in agreement with experimental data with key contributions by adding a laminar zone upstream of the wedge (the flow is considered transitional downstream of the nozzle throat) and the necessity of mimicking PIV particle lag for comparisons. AH CFD analyses utilized the OVERFLOW solver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - VISCOUS flow
N1  - Accession Number: 102611476; Friedlander, David J. 1; Email Address: d.j.friedlander@nasa.gov Georgiadis, Nicholas J. 1; Email Address: georgiadis@nasa.gov Turner, Mark G. 2; Email Address: mark.tumer@uc.edu Orkwis, Paul D. 2; Email Address: paul.orkwis@uc.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1134; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053040
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciceri, S.
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Southworth, J.
AU  - Bruni, I.
AU  - Nikolov, N.
AU  - D'Ago, G.
AU  - Schröder, T.
AU  - Bozza, V.
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, J.
AU  - Henning, Th.
T1  - Physical properties of the HAT-P-23 and WASP-48 planetary systems from multi-colour photometry.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 577
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Accurate and repeated photometric follow-up observations of planetary-transit events are important to precisely characterize the physical properties of exoplanets. A good knowledge of the main characteristics of the exoplanets is fundamental to trace their origin and evolution. Multi-band photometric observations play an important role in this process. Aims. By using new photometric data, we computed precise estimates of the physical properties of two transiting planetary systems at equilibrium temperatures of ~2000 K. Methods. We present new broad-band, multi-colour photometric observations obtained using three small class telescopes and the telescope-defocussing technique. In particular we obtained 11 and 10 light curves covering 8 and 7 transits of HAT-P-23 and WASP-48, respectively. For each of the two targets, one transit event was simultaneously observed through four optical filters. One transit of WASP-48 b was monitored with two telescopes from the same observatory. The physical parameters of the systems were obtained by fitting the transit light curves with JKTEBOP and from published spectroscopic measurements. Results. We have revised the physical parameters of the two planetary systems, finding a smaller radius for both HAT-P-23 b and WASP-48 b, Rb=1.224±0.037RJup and Rb=1.396±0.051Rjup, respectively, than those measured in the discovery papers (Rb=1.368±0.090RJup and Rb=1.67±0.10Rjup). The density of the two planets are higher than those previously published (ρb ~1.1 and ~0.3ρjup for HAT-P-23 and WASP-48 respectively) hence the two Hot Jupiters are no longer located in a parameter space region of highly inflated planets. An analysis of the variation of the planet's measured radius as a function of optical wavelength reveals flat transmission spectra within the experimental uncertainties. We also confirm the presence of the eclipsing contact binary NSVS-3071474 in the same field of view of WASP-48, for which we refine the value of the period to be 0.459 d. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries -- Orbits
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries -- Light curves
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SPECTRA
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual: HAT-P-23
KW  - stars: individual: WASP-48
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 103101454; Ciceri, S. 1; Email Address: ciceri@mpia.de Mancini, L. 1 Southworth, J. 2 Bruni, I. 3 Nikolov, N. 4 D'Ago, G. 5,6 Schröder, T. 1 Bozza, V. 5,6 Tregloan-Reed, J. 7 Henning, Th. 1; Affiliation:  1: Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK  3: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy  4: Astrophysics Group, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, EX4 4QL, Exeter, UK  5: Department of Physics, University of Salerno, via Ponte Don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy  6: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, 80126 Napoli, Italy  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 577, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries -- Orbits; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries -- Light curves; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SPECTRA; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HAT-P-23; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP-48; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201425449
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103101454&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jingnan Guo
AU  - Zeitlin, Cary
AU  - Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F.
AU  - Hassler, Donald M.
AU  - Posner, Arik
AU  - Heber, Bernd
AU  - Köhler, Jan
AU  - Rafkin, Scot
AU  - Ehresmann, Bent
AU  - Appel, Jan K.
AU  - Böhm, Eckart
AU  - Böttcher, Stephan
AU  - Burmeister, Sönke
AU  - Brinza, David E.
AU  - Lohf, Henning
AU  - Martin, Cesar
AU  - Reitz, Günther
T1  - Variations of dose rate observed by MSL/RAD in transit to Mars.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 577
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Aims. To predict the cruise radiation environment related to future human missions to Mars, the correlation between solar modulation potential and the dose rate measured by the Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) has been analyzed and empirical models have been employed to quantify this correlation. Methods. The instrument RAD, onboard Mars Science Laboratory's (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures a broad spectrum of energetic particles along with the radiation dose rate during the 253-day cruise phase as well as on the surface of Mars. With these first ever measurements inside a spacecraft from Earth to Mars, RAD observed the impulsive enhancement of dose rate during solar particle events as well as a gradual evolution of the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) induced radiation dose rate due to the modulation of the primary GCR flux by the solar magnetic field, which correlates with long-term solar activities and heliospheric rotation. Results. We analyzed the dependence of the dose rate measured by RAD on solar modulation potentials and estimated the dose rate and dose equivalent under different solar modulation conditions. These estimations help us to have approximate predictions of the cruise radiation environment, such as the accumulated dose equivalent associated with future human missions to Mars. Conclusions. The predicted dose equivalent rate during solar maximum conditions could be as low as one-fourth of the current RAD cruise measurement. However, future measurements during solar maximum and minimum periods are essential to validate our estimations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - GALACTIC cosmic rays
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - SOLAR-terrestrial physics
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - instrumentation: detectors
KW  - solar-terrestrial relations
KW  - space vehicles: instruments
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 103101477; Jingnan Guo 1; Email Address: guo@physik.uni-kiel.de Zeitlin, Cary 2 Wimmer-Schweingruber, Robert F. 1 Hassler, Donald M. 3 Posner, Arik 4 Heber, Bernd 1 Köhler, Jan 1 Rafkin, Scot 3 Ehresmann, Bent 3 Appel, Jan K. 1 Böhm, Eckart 1 Böttcher, Stephan 1 Burmeister, Sönke 1 Brinza, David E. 5 Lohf, Henning 1 Martin, Cesar 1 Reitz, Günther 6; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany  2: Southwest Research Institute, Earth, Oceans & Space Department, Durham, NH 0382-3525, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  4: NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, Washington DC 20546, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Aerospace Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, 51147 Köln, Germany; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 577, p1; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: GALACTIC cosmic rays; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: SOLAR-terrestrial physics; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumentation: detectors; Author-Supplied Keyword: solar-terrestrial relations; Author-Supplied Keyword: space vehicles: instruments; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201525680
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pon, A.
AU  - Caselli, P.
AU  - Johnstone, D.
AU  - Kaufman, M.
AU  - Butler, M. J.
AU  - Fontani, F.
AU  - Jiménez-Serra, I.
AU  - Tan, J. C.
T1  - Mid-J CO shock tracing observations of infrared dark clouds. I.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 577
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are dense, molecular structures in the interstellar medium that can harbour sites of high-mass star formation. IRDCs contain supersonic turbulence, which is expected to generate shocks that locally heat pockets of gas within the clouds. We present observations of the CO J = 8-7, 9-8, and 10-9 transitions, taken with the Herschel Space Observatory, towards four dense, starless clumps within IRDCs (C1 in G028.37+00.07, F1 and F2 in G034.43+0007, and G2 in G034.77-0.55). We detect the CO J = 8-7 and 9-8 transitions towards three of the clumps (C1, F1, and F2) at intensity levels greater than expected from photodissociation region (PDR) models. The average ratio of the 8-7 to 9-8 lines is also found to be between 1.6 and 2.6 in the three clumps with detections, significantly smaller than expected from PDR models. These low line ratios and large line intensities strongly suggest that the C1, F1, and F2 clumps contain a hot gas component not accounted for by standard PDR models. Such a hot gas component could be generated by turbulence dissipating in low velocity shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - shock waves
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 103101478; Pon, A. 1; Email Address: andyrpon@mpe.mpg.de Caselli, P. 1 Johnstone, D. 2,3,4 Kaufman, M. 5,6 Butler, M. J. 7 Fontani, F. 8 Jiménez-Serra, I. 9 Tan, J. C. 10; Affiliation:  1: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany  2: Joint Astronomy Centre, 660 North A'ohoku Place, University Park, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  3: NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  6: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland  8: INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy  9: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching bei Muenchen, Germany  10: Departments of Astronomy & Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 577, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: shock waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201525681
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ian J. M. Crossfield
AU  - Erik Petigura
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - B. J. Fulton
AU  - Kimberly M. Aller
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Sébastien Lépine
AU  - Thomas Barclay
AU  - Imke de Pater
AU  - Katherine de Kleer
AU  - Elisa V. Quintana
AU  - Jessie L. Christiansen
AU  - Eddie Schlafly
AU  - Lisa Kaltenegger
AU  - Justin R. Crepp
AU  - Thomas Henning
AU  - Christian Obermeier
AU  - Niall Deacon
AU  - Lauren M. Weiss
T1  - A NEARBY M STAR WITH THREE TRANSITING SUPER-EARTHS DISCOVERED BY K2.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05//5/1/2015
VL  - 804
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Small, cool planets represent the typical end-products of planetary formation. Studying the architectures of these systems, measuring planet masses and radii, and observing these planets’ atmospheres during transit directly informs theories of planet assembly, migration, and evolution. Here we report the discovery of three small planets orbiting a bright (Ks = 8.6 mag) M0 dwarf using data collected as part of K2, the new ecliptic survey using the re-purposed Kepler spacecraft. Stellar spectroscopy and K2 photometry indicate that the system hosts three transiting planets with radii 1.5–2.1 , straddling the transition region between rocky and increasingly volatile-dominated compositions. With orbital periods of 10–45 days the planets receive just 1.5–10× the flux incident on Earth, making these some of the coolest small planets known orbiting a nearby star; planet d is located near the inner edge of the system’s habitable zone. The bright, low-mass star makes this system an excellent laboratory to determine the planets’ masses via Doppler spectroscopy and to constrain their atmospheric compositions via transit spectroscopy. This discovery demonstrates the ability of K2 and future space-based transit searches to find many fascinating objects of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - M stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COOL stars (Astronomy)
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - STARS
KW  - FLARE stars
N1  - Accession Number: 102404722; Ian J. M. Crossfield 1,2; Email Address: ianc@lpl.arizona.edu Erik Petigura 3 Joshua E. Schlieder 4,5 Andrew W. Howard 6 B. J. Fulton 6 Kimberly M. Aller 6 David R. Ciardi 7 Sébastien Lépine 8 Thomas Barclay 4 Imke de Pater 3 Katherine de Kleer 3 Elisa V. Quintana 4 Jessie L. Christiansen 7 Eddie Schlafly 9 Lisa Kaltenegger 10 Justin R. Crepp 11 Thomas Henning 9 Christian Obermeier 9 Niall Deacon 12 Lauren M. Weiss 3; Affiliation:  1: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona Lunar, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, USA  2: NASA Sagan Fellow.  3: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  6: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI, USA  7: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA, USA  8: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA  9: Max-Planck Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, Heidelberg, Germany  10: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 122 Sciences Drive, Ithaca, NY, USA  11: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, USA  12: University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, AL10 9AB, Hatfield, UK; Source Info: 5/1/2015, Vol. 804 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: M stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COOL stars (Astronomy); Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: FLARE stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/10
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102404722&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Skowron
AU  - I.-G. Shin
AU  - A. Udalski
AU  - C. Han
AU  - T. Sumi
AU  - Y. Shvartzvald
AU  - A. Gould
AU  - D. Dominis Prester
AU  - R. A. Street
AU  - U. G. Jørgensen
AU  - D. P. Bennett
AU  - V. Bozza
AU  - M. K. Szymański
AU  - M. Kubiak
AU  - G. Pietrzyński
AU  - I. Soszyński
AU  - R. Poleski
AU  - S. Kozłowski
AU  - P. Pietrukowicz
AU  - K. Ulaczyk
T1  - OGLE-2011-BLG-0265Lb: A JOVIAN MICROLENSING PLANET ORBITING AN M DWARF.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05//5/1/2015
VL  - 804
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the discovery of a Jupiter-mass planet orbiting an M-dwarf star that gave rise to the microlensing event OGLE-2011-BLG-0265. Such a system is very rare among known planetary systems and thus the discovery is important for theoretical studies of planetary formation and evolution. High-cadence temporal coverage of the planetary signal, combined with extended observations throughout the event, allows us to accurately model the observed light curve. However, the final microlensing solution remains degenerate, yielding two possible configurations of the planet and the host star. In the case of the preferred solution, the mass of the planet is , and the planet is orbiting a star with a mass . The second possible configuration (2σ away) consists of a planet with and host star with . The system is located in the Galactic disk 3–4 kpc toward the Galactic bulge. In both cases, with an orbit size of 1.5–2.0 AU, the planet is a “cold Jupiter”—located well beyond the “snow line” of the host star. Currently available data make the secure selection of the correct solution difficult, but there are prospects for lifting the degeneracy with additional follow-up observations in the future, when the lens and source star separate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROLENSING (Astrophysics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL lenses
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - GALACTIC bulges
N1  - Accession Number: 102404743; J. Skowron 1,2,3,4 I.-G. Shin 3,4,5 A. Udalski 1,2,3,4 C. Han 2,3,4,5,6 T. Sumi 3,4,7,8 Y. Shvartzvald 3,4,9,10 A. Gould 3,4,10,11 D. Dominis Prester 3,4,12,13 R. A. Street 3,4,14,15 U. G. Jørgensen 3,4,16,17,18 D. P. Bennett 3,4,8,19 V. Bozza 3,4,18,20,21 M. K. Szymański 1,3,4 M. Kubiak 1,3,4 G. Pietrzyński 1,3,4,22 I. Soszyński 1,3,4 R. Poleski 1,3,4,11 S. Kozłowski 1,3,4 P. Pietrukowicz 1,3,4 K. Ulaczyk 1,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland  2: Deceased 2014 September 28.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA 94035, USA  4: Sagan Visiting Fellow.  5: Department of Physics, Institute for Astrophysics, Chungbuk National University, 371-763 Cheongju, Korea  6: The MiNDSTEp Consortium.  7: Dept. of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, 560-0043 Osaka, Japan  8: The OGLE Collaboration.  9: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel  10: The MOA Collaboration.  11: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  12: Physics Department, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Rijeka, Omladinska 14, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia  13: The Wise Group.  14: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  15: The μFUN Collaboration.  16: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  17: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Geological Museum, Øster Voldgade 5, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  18: The PLANET Collaboration.  19: Dept. of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  20: Dipartimento di Fisica “E.R. Caianiello” Università degli Studi di Salerno Via Giovanni Paolo II - I 84084 Fisciano (SA) - Italy  21: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Italy  22: Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Astronomia, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile; Source Info: 5/1/2015, Vol. 804 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MICROLENSING (Astrophysics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL lenses; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: GALACTIC bulges; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/33
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102404743&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jean-Michel Désert
AU  - David Charbonneau
AU  - Guillermo Torres
AU  - François Fressin
AU  - Sarah Ballard
AU  - Stephen T. Bryson
AU  - Heather A. Knutson
AU  - Natalie M. Batalha
AU  - William J. Borucki
AU  - Timothy M. Brown
AU  - Drake Deming
AU  - Eric B. Ford
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - Ronald L. Gilliland
AU  - David W. Latham
AU  - Sara Seager
T1  - LOW FALSE POSITIVE RATE OF KEPLER CANDIDATES ESTIMATED FROM A COMBINATION OF SPITZER AND FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05//5/1/2015
VL  - 804
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - NASA’s Kepler mission has provided several thousand transiting planet candidates during the 4 yr of its nominal mission, yet only a small subset of these candidates have been confirmed as true planets. Therefore, the most fundamental question about these candidates is the fraction of bona fide planets. Estimating the rate of false positives of the overall Kepler sample is necessary to derive the planet occurrence rate. We present the results from two large observational campaigns that were conducted with the SpitzerSpace Telescope during the the Kepler mission. These observations are dedicated to estimating the false positive rate (FPR) among the Kepler candidates. We select a sub-sample of 51 candidates, spanning wide ranges in stellar, orbital, and planetary parameter space, and we observe their transits with Spitzer at 4.5 μm. We use these observations to measures the candidate’s transit depths and infrared magnitudes. An authentic planet produces an achromatic transit depth (neglecting the modest effect of limb darkening). Conversely a bandpass-dependent depth alerts us to the potential presence of a blending star that could be the source of the observed eclipse: a false positive scenario. For most of the candidates (85%), the transit depths measured with Kepler are consistent with the transit depths measured with Spitzer as expected for planetary objects, while we find that the most discrepant measurements are due to the presence of unresolved stars that dilute the photometry. The Spitzer constraints on their own yield FPRs between 5% and depending on the Kepler Objects of Interest. By considering the population of the Kepler field stars, and by combining follow-up observations (imaging) when available, we find that the overall FPR of our sample is low. The measured upper limit on the FPR of our sample is 8.8% at a confidence level of 3σ. This observational result, which uses the achromatic property of planetary transit signals that is not investigated by the Kepler observations, provides an independent indication that Kepler’s FPR is low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPHERICAL astronomy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - NATURAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 102404728; Jean-Michel Désert 1,2; Email Address: desert@colorado.edu David Charbonneau 3 Guillermo Torres 3 François Fressin 3 Sarah Ballard 3,4 Stephen T. Bryson 5 Heather A. Knutson 2 Natalie M. Batalha 6 William J. Borucki 5 Timothy M. Brown 1,7 Drake Deming 8 Eric B. Ford 9,10 Jonathan J. Fortney 11 Ronald L. Gilliland 10 David W. Latham 3 Sara Seager 12; Affiliation:  1: CASA, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  7: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  8: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA  9: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  10: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  11: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  12: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02159, USA; Source Info: 5/1/2015, Vol. 804 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPHERICAL astronomy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/59
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102404728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - P. A. Sturrock
AU  - R. Bush
AU  - D. O. Gough
AU  - J. D. Scargle
T1  - INDICATIONS OF R-MODE OSCILLATIONS IN SOHO/MDI SOLAR RADIUS MEASUREMENTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05//5/1/2015
VL  - 804
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Analysis of solar radius measurements acquired by the Michelson Doppler Imager on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft supports previously reported evidence of solar internal r-mode oscillations in Mt Wilson radius data and in 90Sr beta-decay data. The frequencies of these oscillations are compatible with oscillations in a putative inner tachocline that separates a slowly rotating core from the radiative envelope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - STARQUAKES
KW  - SOLAR cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 102404759; P. A. Sturrock 1; Email Address: sturrock@stanford.edu R. Bush 2 D. O. Gough 2,3 J. D. Scargle 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA  2: W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  3: Institute of Astronomy and Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK  4: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/1/2015, Vol. 804 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: STARQUAKES; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/47
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102404759&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - U. Gorti
AU  - D. Hollenbach
AU  - C. P. Dullemond
T1  - THE IMPACT OF DUST EVOLUTION AND PHOTOEVAPORATION ON DISK DISPERSAL.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05//5/1/2015
VL  - 804
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Protoplanetary disks are dispersed by viscous evolution and photoevaporation in a few million years; in the interim small, sub-micron-sized dust grains must grow and form planets. The time-varying abundance of small grains in an evolving disk directly affects gas heating by far-ultraviolet (FUV) photons, while dust evolution affects photoevaporation by changing the disk opacity and resulting penetration of FUV photons in the disk. Photoevaporative flows, in turn, selectively carry small dust grains, leaving the larger particles—which decouple, from the gas—behind in the disk. We study these effects by investigating the evolution of a disk subject to viscosity, photoevaporation by EUV, FUV, and X-rays, dust evolution, and radial drift using a one-dimensional (1D) multi-fluid approach (gas + different dust grain sizes) to solve for the evolving surface density distributions. The 1D evolution is augmented by 1+1D models constructed at each epoch to obtain the instantaneous disk structure and determine photoevaporation rates. The implementation of a dust coagulation/fragmentation model results in a marginal decrease in disk lifetimes when compared to models with no dust evolution; the disk lifetime is thus found to be relatively insensitive to the evolving dust opacity. We find that photoevaporation can cause significant reductions in the gas/dust mass ratio in the planet-forming regions of the disk as it evolves, and may result in a corresponding increase in heavy element abundances relative to hydrogen. We discuss implications for theories of planetesimal formation and giant planet formation, including the formation of gas-poor giants. After gas disk dispersal, M  of mass in solids typically remain, comparable to the solids inventory of our solar system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DUST -- Research
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STELLAR evolution
N1  - Accession Number: 102404737; U. Gorti 1,2 D. Hollenbach 1 C. P. Dullemond 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: University of Heidelberg, Germany; Source Info: 5/1/2015, Vol. 804 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DUST -- Research; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/29
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102404737&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - William D. Vacca
AU  - Ryan T. Hamilton
AU  - Maureen Savage
AU  - Sachindev Shenoy
AU  - E. E. Becklin
AU  - Ian S. McLean
AU  - Sarah E. Logsdon
AU  - G. H. Marion
AU  - N. M. Ashok
AU  - D. P. K. Banerjee
AU  - A. Evans
AU  - O. D. Fox
AU  - P. Garnavich
AU  - R. D. Gehrz
AU  - M. Greenhouse
AU  - L. A. Helton
AU  - R. P. Kirshner
AU  - D. Shenoy
AU  - Nathan Smith
AU  - J. Spyromilio
T1  - OBSERVATIONS OF TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA 2014J WITH FLITECAM ON SOFIA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05//5/1/2015
VL  - 804
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present medium-resolution near-infrared (NIR) spectra, covering 1.1–3.4 μm, of the normal Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2014J in M82 obtained with the FLITECAM instrument on board Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) between 17 and 26 days after maximum B light. Our 2.8–3.4 μm spectra may be the first ∼3 μm spectra of an SN Ia ever published. The spectra spanning the 1.5–2.7 μm range are characterized by a strong emission feature at ∼1.77 μm with a FWHM of ∼11,000–13,000 km s−1. We compare the observed FLITECAM spectra to the recent non-LTE delayed detonation models of Dessart et al. and find that the models agree with the spectra remarkably well in the 1.5–2.7 μm wavelength range. Based on this comparison we identify the ∼1.77 μm emission peak as a blend of permitted lines of Co ii. Other features seen in the 2.0–2.5 μm spectra are also identified as emission from permitted transitions of Co ii. However, the models are not as successful at reproducing the spectra in the 1.1–1.4 μm range or between 2.8 and 3.4 μm. These observations demonstrate the promise of SOFIA, which allows access to wavelength regions inaccessible from the ground, and serve to draw attention to the usefulness of the regions between the standard ground-based NIR passbands for constraining SN models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - GALACTIC X-ray sources
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 102404739; William D. Vacca 1; Email Address: wvacca@sofia.usra.edu Ryan T. Hamilton 1 Maureen Savage 1 Sachindev Shenoy 1 E. E. Becklin 1 Ian S. McLean 2 Sarah E. Logsdon 2 G. H. Marion 3 N. M. Ashok 4 D. P. K. Banerjee 4 A. Evans 5 O. D. Fox 6 P. Garnavich 7 R. D. Gehrz 8 M. Greenhouse 9 L. A. Helton 1 R. P. Kirshner 10 D. Shenoy 11 Nathan Smith 12 J. Spyromilio 13; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop N232-12, Moffet Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1562, USA  3: University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station C1400, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA  4: Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India  5: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK  6: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  7: University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556-5670, USA  8: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0149, USA  9: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  11: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, S. E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  12: Steward Observatory, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  13: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, Garching, D-85748, Germany; Source Info: 5/1/2015, Vol. 804 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: GALACTIC X-ray sources; Company/Entity: STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/1/66
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102404739&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, W.
AU  - Corbett, J.
AU  - Eitzen, Z.
AU  - Liang, L.
T1  - Next-generation angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from the CERES instruments: validation.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 4489
EP  - 4536
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument are fundamental variables for understanding the Earth's energy balance and how it changes with time. TOA radiative fluxes are derived from the CERES radiance measurements using empirical angular distribution models (ADMs). This paper evaluates the accuracy of CERES TOA fluxes using direct integration and flux consistency tests. Direct integration tests show that the overall bias in regional monthly mean TOA shortwave (SW) flux is less than 0.2Wm-2 and the RMS error is less than 1.1Wm-2. The bias and RMS error are very similar between Terra and Aqua. The bias in regional monthly mean TOA LW fluxes is less than 0.5Wm-2 and the RMS error is less than 0.8Wm-2 for both Terra and Aqua. The accuracy of the TOA instantaneous flux is assessed by performing tests using fluxes inverted from nadir- and oblique-viewing angles using CERES along-track observations and temporally- and spatially-matched MODIS observations, and using fluxes inverted from multi-angle MISR observations. The TOA instantaneous SWflux uncertainties are about 2.3% (1.9Wm-2) over clear ocean, 1.6% (4.5Wm-2) over clear land, and 2.0% (6.0Wm-2) over clear snow/ice; and are about 3.3% (9.0Wm-2), 2.7% (8.4Wm-2), and 3.7% (9.9Wm-2) over ocean, land, and snow/ice under all-sky conditions. The TOA SW flux uncertainties are generally larger for thin broken clouds than for mod erate and thick overcast clouds. The TOA instantaneous daytime LW flux uncertainties are 0.5% (1.5Wm-2), 0.8% (2.4Wm-2), and 0.7% (1.3Wm-2) over clear ocean, land, and snow/ice; and are about 1.5% (3.5Wm-2), 1.0% (2.9Wm-2), and 1.1% (2.1Wm-2) over ocean, land, and snow/ice under all-sky conditions. The TOA instantaneous nighttime LW flux uncertainties are about 0.5-1% (< 2.0Wm-2) for all surface types. Flux uncertainties caused by errors in scene identification are also assessed by using the collocated CALIPSO, CloudSat, CERES and MODIS data product. Errors in scene identification tend to underestimate TOA SW flux by about 0.6Wm-2 and over- estimate TOA daytime (nighttime) LW flux by 0.4 (0.2) Wm-2 when all CERES viewing angles are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ENERGY balance mass spectrometers
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 103072356; Su, W. 1; Email Address: wenying.su-1@nasa.gov Corbett, J. 2 Eitzen, Z. 2 Liang, L. 2; Affiliation:  1: MS420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p4489; Subject Term: ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ENERGY balance mass spectrometers; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 48p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-8-4489-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coldewey-Egbers, M.
AU  - Loyola, D. G.
AU  - Koukouli, M.
AU  - Balis, D.
AU  - Lambert, J.-C.
AU  - Verhoelst, T.
AU  - Granville, J.
AU  - van Roozendael, M.
AU  - Lerot, C.
AU  - Spurr, R.
AU  - Frith, S. M.
AU  - Zehner, C.
T1  - The GOME-type Total Ozone Essential Climate Variable (GTO-ECV) data record from the ESA Climate Change Initiative.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 4607
EP  - 4652
SN  - 18678610
AB  - We present the new GOME-type Total Ozone Essential Climate Variable (GTO-ECV) data record which has been created within the framework of the European Space Agency's Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI). Total ozone column observations - based on the GOME-type Direct Fitting version 3 algorithm - from GOME (Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment), SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY), and GOME-2 have been combined into one homogeneous time series, thereby taking advantage of the high inter-sensor consistency. The data record spans the 15-year period from March 1996 to June 2011 and it contains global monthly mean total ozone columns on a 1° × 1° grid. Geophysical ground-based validation using Brewer, Dobson, and UV-visible instruments has shown that the GTO-ECV level 3 data record is of the same high quality as the equivalent individual level 2 data products that constitute it. Both absolute agreement and long-term stability are excellent with respect to the ground-based data, for almost all latitudes apart from a few outliers which are mostly due to sampling differences between the level 2 and level 3 data. We conclude that the GTO-ECV data record is valuable for a variety of climate applications such as the long-term monitoring of the past evolution of the ozone layer, trend analysis and the evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Model simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOTAL ozone mapping spectrometers
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - EUROPEAN Space Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 103072359; Coldewey-Egbers, M. 1; Email Address: melanie.coldewey-egbers@dlr.de Loyola, D. G. 1 Koukouli, M. 2 Balis, D. 2 Lambert, J.-C. 3 Verhoelst, T. 3 Granville, J. 3 van Roozendael, M. 3 Lerot, C. 3 Spurr, R. 4 Frith, S. M. 5 Zehner, C. 6; Affiliation:  1: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Wessling, Germany  2: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH), Thessaloniki, Greece  3: Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA), Brussels, Belgium  4: RT Solutions Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA  5: Science Systems and Applications Inc., National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, Maryland, USA  6: European Space Agency/European Space Research Institute (ESA/ESRIN), Frascati, Italy; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p4607; Subject Term: TOTAL ozone mapping spectrometers; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Space Agency; Number of Pages: 46p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-8-4607-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103072359&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - DE GROEVE, T.
AU  - THIELEN-DEL POZO, J.
AU  - BRAKENRIDGE, R.
AU  - ADLER, R.
AU  - ALFIERI, L.
AU  - KULL, D.
AU  - LINDSAY, F.
AU  - IMPERIALI, O.
AU  - PAPPENBERGER, F.
AU  - RUDARI, R.
AU  - SALAMON, P.
AU  - VILLARS, N.
AU  - WYJAD, K.
T1  - JOINING FORCES IN A GLOBAL FLOOD PARTNERSHIP.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 96
IS  - 5
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article discusses the highlights of the Fourth Workshop of the Global Flood Working Group held on March 3-6, 2014 in Reading, United Kingdom. The event was attended by scientists, decision-makers and those involved with flood forecasting, detection, risk management and assessment. An alliance called Global Flood Partnership was formed that sought solutions to the problem of flood, increase flood prevention and flood preparedness. Five essential pillars of the partnership were discussed.
KW  - FLOOD control
KW  - FLOOD forecasting
KW  - FLOODS -- Risk assessment
KW  - FLOOD damage prevention
KW  - EMERGENCY management
KW  - CONGRESSES
N1  - Accession Number: 103543425; DE GROEVE, T. 1 THIELEN-DEL POZO, J. 1; Email Address: jutta.thielen@jrc.ec.europa.eu BRAKENRIDGE, R. 2 ADLER, R. 3 ALFIERI, L. 4,5 KULL, D. 6 LINDSAY, F. 7 IMPERIALI, O. 8 PAPPENBERGER, F. 9,10 RUDARI, R. 11 SALAMON, P. 1 VILLARS, N. 12 WYJAD, K. 13; Affiliation:  1: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy  2: Dartmouth Flood Observatory, Boulder, Colorado  3: University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  4: European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy  5: Forecast Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom  6: Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, World Bank Group, Geneva, Switzerland  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D.C.  8: European Commission, European Community Humanitarian Office, Brussels, Belgium  9: Forecast Department, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading, United Kingdom, Nanjing, China  10: Department of Geography, Bristol University, Bristol, United Kingdom  11: CIMA Research Foundation, Savona, Italy  12: Deltares, Delft, Netherlands  13: United Nations World Food Programme, Rome, Italy; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 96 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: FLOOD control; Subject Term: FLOOD forecasting; Subject Term: FLOODS -- Risk assessment; Subject Term: FLOOD damage prevention; Subject Term: EMERGENCY management; Subject Term: CONGRESSES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913190 Other municipal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912190 Other provincial protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911290 Other federal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00147.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103543425&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Cool-flame extinction during n-alkane droplet combustion in microgravity.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 162
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2140
EP  - 2147
SN  - 00102180
AB  - Recent droplet-combustion experiments onboard the International Space Station (ISS) have revealed that large n-alkane droplets, following radiative extinction of the visible flame, can continue to burn quasi-steadily in a low-temperature regime, characterized by negative-temperature-coefficient (NTC) chemistry. In this study we report experimental observations of n-heptane, n-octane, and n-decane droplets of varying initial size burning in oxygen/nitrogen, oxygen/nitrogen/carbon dioxide, and oxygen/nitrogen/helium environments at pressures from 0.5 to 1.0 atm, with oxygen concentrations from 14% to 25% by volume. These large n-alkane droplets exhibited radiative extinction of the hot flame, followed by quasi-steady low-temperature burning, which terminated with diffusive extinction accompanied by the formation of a vapor cloud, while small droplets did not exhibit radiative extinction but instead burned to completion or disruptively extinguished. Results for droplet burning rates in both the hot-flame and cool-flame regimes, as well as droplet extinction diameters at the end of each stage, are presented. The cool-flame extinction diameters for all three n-alkanes are shown to follow a similar trend as functions of the oxygen concentration, predicted here from a simplified theoretical model that is based on the reaction-rate parameters for the oxygen molecule addition to the alkyl radical and for ketohydroperoxide decomposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - FLAME
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - HYDROPEROXIDES
KW  - Cool flame extinction
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Normal alkane
N1  - Accession Number: 102054113; Nayagam, Vedha 1; Email Address: v.nayagam@grc.nasa.gov Dietrich, Daniel L. 2 Hicks, Michael C. 2 Williams, Forman A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 162 Issue 5, p2140; Subject Term: ALKANES; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: HYDROPEROXIDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cool flame extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Normal alkane; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.01.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102054113&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Simon C.
AU  - Weaver, Paul M.
AU  - Wu, K. Chauncey
T1  - Post-buckling analyses of variable-stiffness composite cylinders in axial compression.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 123
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 203
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Variable-stiffness shells are thin composite structures in which the reinforcement direction is a function of its surface co-ordinates. This paper presents a numerical investigation into the buckling and post-buckling of two variable-stiffness cylinders under axial compression. Both shell walls are made from unidirectional carbon fiber slit tapes that are steered to give them a piecewise-continuous fiber-angle variation around the circumference. Dynamic analyses of the complete loading and unloading cycles are computed using a time-integrated finite element model (Abaqus). The numerical results generated herein are compared with test data and are found to be in good agreement, in terms of axial force versus end-shortening and global displacement fields. The analyses provide significant new insight into the mechanisms underpinning collapse behavior of the shells. For example, the development of the initial nonlinear buckle, its dynamic snap-through, and the formation of a post-buckled configuration are clearly visible. One effect elucidated by this investigation is the symmetry-breaking mechanism of the circumferential stiffness variation. In contrast to a constant-stiffness cylinder, in which the total strain energy is invariant to the translation of a dimple of fixed dimensions, the present structures exhibit a single dominant post-buckling mode that are associated with the formation of ‘trapped’ surface dimples. In one case, this dominant mode is found to be stable over a significant amount of further end shortening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - STIFFNESS (Engineering)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - AXIAL flow compressors
KW  - CYLINDRICAL shells (Engineering)
KW  - Collapse
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Shell buckling
KW  - Variable-stiffness
N1  - Accession Number: 101001783; White, Simon C. 1; Email Address: simon.white@bristol.ac.uk Weaver, Paul M. 1; Email Address: paul.weaver@bristol.ac.uk Wu, K. Chauncey 2; Email Address: k.c.wu@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Composite Centre for Innovation and Science, University of Bristol, Queen’s Building, BS8 1TR, United Kingdom  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 123, p190; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: AXIAL flow compressors; Subject Term: CYLINDRICAL shells (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Collapse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shell buckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variable-stiffness; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.12.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101001783&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gundy-Burlet, Karen
T1  - The Use of Standards on the LADEE Mission.
JO  - Computer (00189162)
JF  - Computer (00189162)
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 48
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 92
EP  - 95
SN  - 00189162
AB  - The Lunar Atmosphere Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) software developers incorporated IEEE and other standards to achieve high reliability while adhering to strict budget and schedule guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Computer (00189162) is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTER software developers
KW  - COMPUTER software development
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - COMPUTER architecture
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - LADEE
KW  - Lunar Atmosphere Dust Environment Explorer
KW  - Moon
KW  - NASA
KW  - software
KW  - Software packages
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - standards
N1  - Accession Number: 102874971; Gundy-Burlet, Karen 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 48 Issue 5, p92; Subject Term: COMPUTER software developers; Subject Term: COMPUTER software development; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Subject Term: COMPUTER architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: LADEE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Atmosphere Dust Environment Explorer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: software; Author-Supplied Keyword: Software packages; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: standards; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541511 Custom Computer Programming Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/MC.2015.148
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Roychoudhury, Indranil
AU  - Bregon, Anibal
T1  - Qualitative event-based diagnosis applied to a spacecraft electrical power distribution system.
JO  - Control Engineering Practice
JF  - Control Engineering Practice
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 38
M3  - Article
SP  - 75
EP  - 91
SN  - 09670661
AB  - Quick, robust fault diagnosis is critical to ensuring safe operation of complex engineering systems. A fault detection, isolation, and identification framework is developed for three separate diagnosis algorithms: the first using global model; the second using minimal submodels, which allows the approach to scale easily; and the third using both the global model and minimal submodels, combining the strengths of the first two. The diagnosis framework is applied to the Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed that functionally represents spacecraft electrical power distribution systems. The practical implementation of these algorithms is described, and their diagnosis performance using real data is compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Control Engineering Practice is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - QUALITATIVE research
KW  - ELECTRIC power distribution
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ADAPT
KW  - Electrical power systems
KW  - Fault diagnosis
KW  - Model-based diagnosis
KW  - Structural model decomposition
N1  - Accession Number: 108342165; Daigle, Matthew J. 1; Email Address: matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov Roychoudhury, Indranil 2; Email Address: indranil.roychoudhury@nasa.gov Bregon, Anibal 3; Email Address: anibal@infor.uva.es; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Computer Science, University of Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 38, p75; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE research; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution; Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: ADAPT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical power systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-based diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural model decomposition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.conengprac.2015.01.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108342165&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sizemore, Hanna G.
AU  - Zent, Aaron P.
AU  - Rempel, Alan W.
T1  - Initiation and growth of martian ice lenses.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 251
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 210
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Water ice in the upper meters of the martian regolith is a major volatile reservoir. Although the geographic extent, burial depth, and thermal stability of this shallow ice are well understood, its origin, history, and stratigraphy are not. Over the past decade, a growing body of observational evidence has indicated that shallow ground ice exceeds the pore volume of its host soil over large regions of both martian hemispheres. This is confounding, given that (1) the physical theory that accurately predicts the location of ground ice also assumes that ice should be pore-filling in the upper meter of regolith, and (2) the Phoenix spacecraft uncovered far more pore-filling ice than excess ice at its landing site in the northern hemisphere. The development of ice lenses by low-temperature in situ segregation – analogous to the processes that generate frost heave on Earth – has been hypothesized to explain shallow excess ice on Mars. We have developed a numerical model of ice lens initiation and growth in the martian environment, and used it to test this hypothesis for the first time. We carried out a large suite of numerical simulations in order to place quantitative constraints on the timing and location of ice lens initiation, and on the magnitude of ice lens growth in a variety of host soils. We find that ice lens initiation is a ubiquitous process in the martian high latitudes, but the ultimate magnitude of lens growth, or frost heave, is sensitive to the properties of the host soil. Depending on the specific properties of martian soils, in situ segregation may be a very slow process sufficient to explain the excess ice observed in the Dodo–Goldilocks trench at the Phoenix landing site, but without regionally significant effects. Alternatively, if clay-sized particles or perchlorate salts are present, in situ segregation may be a vigorous process that has significantly affected the stratigraphy of ground ice in the upper meter of regolith throughout the high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - THERMAL stability
KW  - RESERVOIRS
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - Ices
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, climate
KW  - Mars, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 103001325; Sizemore, Hanna G. 1; Email Address: sizemore@psi.edu Zent, Aaron P. 2 Rempel, Alan W. 3; Email Address: rempel@uoregon.edu; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, United States  2: MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Dept. of Geological Sciences, 1272 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272, United States; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 251, p191; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: THERMAL stability; Subject Term: RESERVOIRS; Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237110 Water and Sewer Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.04.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103001325&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sacchi, Claudio
AU  - Bhasin, Kul
AU  - Kadowaki, Naoto
AU  - Vong, Fred
T1  - Technologies and applications of future satellite networking [Guest Editorial].
JO  - IEEE Communications Magazine
JF  - IEEE Communications Magazine
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 154
EP  - 155
SN  - 01636804
AB  - The second part of the Feature Topic ?Satellite Communications and Networking: Emerging Techniques and New Applications,? published in this issue of IEEE Communications Magazine, presents the overflow from the first part published in the March issue. In the first part, the accent was on a renewed vision of satellite communications and networking that we claim as ?Space 2.0? [1] in order to mark a clear discontinuity with the ?Space 1.0? era, begun in 1945 with A.C. Clarke?s article ?Extra Terrestrial Relays.? The contributions published in the first part mainly focused on techniques that will characterize future satellite networking, such as exploitation of higher frequency bands, cognitive spectrum utilization, delay- and disruption-tolerant networks (DTNs), software-defined networking (SDN), and network virtualization. In the remaining part of the Feature Topic, we aim at shifting the emphasis to the application aspects without losing sight of technological investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Communications Magazine is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - Computer architecture
KW  - NASA
KW  - Satellite communication
KW  - Satellite navigation systems
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Strategic planning
KW  - Telecommunications
N1  - Accession Number: 102658315; Sacchi, Claudio 1 Bhasin, Kul 2 Kadowaki, Naoto 3 Vong, Fred 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Trento, Italy  2: NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio  3: Strategic Planning Department, NICT  4: Asia Satellite Telecommunications Co. Ltd., Hong Kong; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p154; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite navigation systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strategic planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Telecommunications; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/MCOM.2015.7105654
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, Kaj E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Comparing flow-through and static ice cave models for Shoshone Ice Cave.
JO  - International Journal of Speleology
JF  - International Journal of Speleology
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 44
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 115
EP  - 123
SN  - 03926672
AB  - In this paper we suggest a new ice cave type: the "flow-through" ice cave. In a flow-through ice cave external winds blow into the cave and wet cave walls chill the incoming air to the wet-bulb temperature, thereby achieving extra cooling of the cave air. We have investigated an ice cave in Idaho, located in a lava tube that is reported to have airflow through porous wet end-walls and could therefore be a flow-through cave. We have instrumented the site and collected data for one year. In order to determine the actual ice cave type present at Shoshone, we have constructed numerical models for static and flow-through caves (dynamic is not relevant here). The models are driven with exterior measurements of air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed. The model output is interior air temperature and relative humidity. We then compare the output of both models to the measured interior air temperatures and relative humidity. While both the flow-through and static cave models are capable of preserving ice year-round (a net zero or positive ice mass balance), both models show very different cave air temperature and relative humidity output. We find the empirical data support a hybrid model of the static and flow-through models: permitting a static ice cave to have incoming air chilled to the wet-bulb temperature fits the data best for the Shoshone ice cave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Speleology is the property of International Journal of Speleology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE caves
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - airflow
KW  - ice cave
KW  - latent heat
KW  - Shoshone Ice Cave
KW  - USA
N1  - Accession Number: 102611862; Williams, Kaj E. 1,2; Email Address: kaj.williams@montana.edu McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 44 Issue 2, p115; Subject Term: ICE caves; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: AIR flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: airflow; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice cave; Author-Supplied Keyword: latent heat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shoshone Ice Cave; Author-Supplied Keyword: USA; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5038/1827-806X.44.2.2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102611862&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seongim Choi
AU  - Mulfinger, Daniel G.
AU  - Robinson III, John E.
AU  - Capozzi, Brian J.
T1  - Design of an Optimal Route Structure Using Heuristics-Based Stochastic Schedulers.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 777
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The purpose of the current study is to identify key parameters and provide reasonable guidelines for the design of an efficient route structure in the extended terminal airspace area under dense air traffic flows. First, various scheduling algorithms, including a first-come/first-served and mixed-integer linear programming, are compared in terms of efficiency and optimality of scheduling performance. To further improve the efficiency of the scheduling algorithms, heuristics based on the first-come/first-served and genetic algorithms are adopted and quickly predetermine the aircraft sequences at the scheduling point. Subsequently, a dynamic planning framework is constructed to provide a more practical scheduling strategy for realistic operation, and it effectively handles the dynamic situations of traffic flows under uncertainties in weather and operations, ft is an integrated framework that iteratively executes a flight trajectory model and the scheduling algorithms. As a practical application of the proposed scheduling strategy to the dense terminal environment, a design of an optimal route structure is carried out where the terminal airspace is represented in Cartesian coordinates. The sensitivities of the scheduling performance with respect to the uncertainty quantification and propagation models are investigated in more general airspace topology by varying merge point locations and their numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARTESIAN coordinates
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HEURISTIC algorithms
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - AIR traffic
KW  - CLASSICAL mechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 103203638; Seongim Choi 1 Mulfinger, Daniel G. 2 Robinson III, John E. 2 Capozzi, Brian J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Mosaic ATM, Leesburg, Virginia 20175; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p765; Subject Term: CARTESIAN coordinates; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HEURISTIC algorithms; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: AIR traffic; Subject Term: CLASSICAL mechanics; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032645
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103203638&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wu, Minghong G.
AU  - Green, Steven M.
AU  - Jones, James
T1  - Strategies for Choosing Descent Flight-Path Angles for Small Jets.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 847
EP  - 866
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A standard descent procedure with a fixed flight-path angle is proposed to improve trajectory predictability for arriving small jets in the transition airspace into congested terminal area. Three candidate strategies for selecting fuel-efficient and flyable descent flight-path angles are proposed. The three strategies vary in operational complexity and fuel-burn merits. To mitigate variation of wind among flights, the two simpler strategies are adapted to airport, directions of arrival, and time. Three major U.S. airports with different degrees of wind variation and disparate arrival traffic flows are analyzed. Results show that, when compared to the simple airport-static adaptation, the finest adaptation of the simpler strategies recover up to 50-75% of the extra fuel burn relative to the minimum-fuel strategy. Wind variation, descent altitude restrictions, arrival directions, and fleet composition all affect the fuel efficiency of the simple strategies. Tradeoffs between fuel burn and planned speed-brake usage in the choice of the flight-path angle arc discussed. Fuel efficiency of simple strategies for the entire national airspace in the United States is estimated. Considerations and implications for air navigation service providers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Research
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - ALTITUDES
N1  - Accession Number: 103203645; Wu, Minghong G. 1 Green, Steven M. 2 Jones, James 3; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Santa Cruz, California 94035-1000  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  3: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p847; Subject Term: AIRWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Research; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: ALTITUDES; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032835
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103203645&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bui, Trong T.
T1  - Analysis of Stall Aerodynamics of a Swept Wing with Laminar-Flow Glove.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 867
EP  - 871
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes computational-fluid-dynamies analysis was conducted to study the low-speed stall aerodynamics of a business jet's swept wing modified with a laminar-flow wing glove. The stall aerodynamics of the gloved wing were analyzed and compared with the unmodified wing for the flight speed of 120 kt and altitude of 2300 ft above mean sea level. A polyhedral finite-volume unstructured Navier-Stokes computational-fluid-dynamics code was used in the analysis. This computational-fluid-dynamics code was first validated for wing stall predictions using the wing-body geometry from the First AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics High-Lift Prediction Workshop. It was found that the computational-fluid-dynamics code under consideration can produce results that are within the scattering of other computational-fluid-dynamics codes considered at the workshop. In particular, the polyhedral computational-fluid-dynamics code was able to predict wing stall for the AIAA wing-body geometry to within 1 deg of angle of attack as compared to benchmark wind-tunnel test data. Computational-fluid-dynamics results show that the addition of the laminar-flow wing glove causes the gloved wing to stall much earlier than the unmodified wing. Furthermore, the gloved wing has a different stall characteristic than the clean wing, with no sharp lift dropoff at stall for the gloved wing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - AIRFRAMES
N1  - Accession Number: 103203646; Bui, Trong T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards, California 93523; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p867; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032883
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103203646&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landman, Drew
AU  - Toro, Kenneth G.
AU  - Commo, Sean A.
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
T1  - Prediction Interval Development for Wind-Tunnel Balance Check-Loading.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 884
EP  - 889
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The current approach used to apply uncertainty intervals to balance estimated loads is based on the root mean square error from calibration. Using the root mean square error, a constant interval is applied around the estimated load and it is expected that a predetermined percentage of the check-loads applied fall within this constant uncertainty interval. However, this approach ignores additional sources of uncertainty and assumes constant uncertainty regardless of the load combination and magnitude applied to the balance. Rigorous prediction interval theory permits varying interval widths but fails to account for the additional error sources that are unrelated to the mathematical modeling. An engineered solution is proposed that combines prediction interval theory and the need to account for the additional sources of uncertainty from calibration and check loading. Results from a case study using the in-situ load system show improved probabilistic behavior in terms of uncertainty interval capture percentage when compared with the current root mean square error method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - STANDARD deviations
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - MEDIAN (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 103203649; Landman, Drew 1 Toro, Kenneth G. 1 Commo, Sean A. 2 Lynn, Keith C. 2; Affiliation:  1: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p884; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: STANDARD deviations; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: MEDIAN (Mathematics); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032930
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103203649&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ordaz, Irian
AU  - Geiselhart, Karl A.
AU  - Fenbert, James W.
T1  - Conceptual Design of Low-Boom Aircraft with Flight Trim Requirement.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 932
EP  - 939
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A new low-boom target generation approach is presented that allows the introduction of a trim requirement during the early conceptual design of supersonic aircraft. The formulation provides an approximation of the center of pressure for an aircraft configuration with a reversed equivalent area matching a low-boom equivalent area target. The center of pressure is approximated from a surrogate lift distribution that is based on the lift component of the classical equivalent area. The assumptions of the formulation are verified to be sufficiently accurate for a supersonic aircraft of high fineness ratio through three case studies. The first two quantify and verify the accuracy and the sensitivity of the surrogate center of pressure corresponding to shape deformation of lifting components. The third verification case shows the capability of the approach to achieve a trim state while maintaining the low-boom characteristics of a previously untrimmed configuration. Finally, the new low-boom target generation approach is demonstrated through the early conceptual design of a demonstrator concept that is low-boom feasible, trimmed, and stable in cruise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - HIGH-speed aeronautics
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 103203656; Ordaz, Irian 1 Geiselhart, Karl A. 1 Fenbert, James W. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p932; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HIGH-speed aeronautics; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033160
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103203656&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grauer, Jared A.
T1  - Real-Time Data-Compatibility Analysis Using Output-Error Parameter Estimation.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 940
EP  - 947
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Output-error parameter estimation, normally a postflight batch technique, was applied to solve the data-compatibility problem in real time. Short segments of data were sequentially processed to enable real-time estimation, and variations on the algorithm were used to expedite convergence from arbitrary starting values of the unknown model parameters. The method was applied to flight-test data to correct the data for systematic instrumentation errors. Results showed that the method produced accurate estimates of the data-compatibility correction parameters at a rate of 0.5 Hz. A sensor fault was also introduced into the flight data, and the use of a data-forgetting algorithm showed that the method was capable of quickly adapting to the data in a way that could enable sensor fault detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REAL-time computing
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - FLIGHT testing
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - EMBEDDED computer systems
N1  - Accession Number: 103203657; Grauer, Jared A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p940; Subject Term: REAL-time computing; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: FLIGHT testing; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: EMBEDDED computer systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334111 Electronic Computer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033182
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103203657&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Empirical infrared line lists for five SO2 isotopologues: 32/33/34/36S16O2 and 32S18O2.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 311
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 24
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Using the latest published, empirically refined potential energy surface (PES) Ames-1 and purely ab initio CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z dipole moment surface (DMS), we have computed infrared line lists for five symmetric isotopologues of sulfur dioxide: 32 S 16 O 2 (626), 33 S 16 O 2 (636), 34 S 16 O 2 (646), 36 S 16 O 2 (666), and 32 S 18 O 2 (828). The line lists are based on J = 0–80 rovibrational variational calculations with E ′ ⩽ 8000 cm −1 . The 34 S 16 O 2 and 33 S 16 O 2 line lists are compared to the experiment-based models in the HIgh-resolution TRANsmission molecular absorption database (HITRAN2012, http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/hitran/ ) and the Cologne Database for Molecular Spectroscopy, CDMS ( http://www.astro.uni-koeln.de/cdms/ ). The accuracy for computed 646 band origins is similar to what has been reported for the main isotopologue, i.e. 0.01–0.03 cm −1 for bands up to 5500 cm −1 . For rovibrational transitions, the 646 line position and intensity deviation patterns are much simpler and more self-consistent than those of the main isotopologue 626. The discrepancies are mainly found for higher K a / J transitions. 626 and 646 exhibit comparable line position and intensity agreement for lower K a / J transitions. The line position deviations for the 636 purely rotational band are parallel to those of 626 and 646, while its line intensity deviations do not show branching patterns as we found in the 626 and 646 cases. Predictions for the other minor isotopologues are expected to exhibit similar accuracy. These line lists are accurate enough to provide alternatives for missing bands of 626 and the minor isotopologues. It may significantly facilitate the laboratory spectroscopic measurement and analysis, as well as to identify these isotopologues in various astrophysical environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICA
KW  - ISOTOPOLOGUES
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - Empirical refinement
KW  - IR line list database
KW  - Isotopologue
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
N1  - Accession Number: 102190983; Huang, Xinchuan 1; Email Address: Xinchuan.Huang-1@nasa.gov Schwenke, David W. 2; Email Address: W.Schwenke@nasa.gov Lee, Timothy J. 3; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite #100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: MS 258-2, NAS Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: MS 245-1, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 311, p19; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: ISOTOPOLOGUES; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Empirical refinement; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR line list database; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotopologue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfur dioxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2015.01.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102190983&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brune, Andrew J.
AU  - West IV, Thomas K.
AU  - Hosder, Serhat
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
T1  - Uncertainty Analysis of Mars Entry Flows over a Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 776
EP  - 788
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A detailed uncertainty analysis for high-fidelity flowfield simulations over a fixed aeroshell of hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator scale for Mars entry is presented for fully laminar and turbulent flows at peak stagnationpoint heating conditions. This study implements a sparse-collocation approach based on stochastic expansions for efficient and accurate uncertainty quantification under a large number of uncertainty sources in the computational model. The convective and radiative heating and shear stress uncertainties are computed over the hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator surface and are shown to vary due to a small fraction of 65 flowfield and radiation modeling parameters considered in the uncertainty analysis. The main contributors to the convective heating uncertainty near the stagnation point are the CO2,-CO2, CO2-0, and CO-O binary collision interactions, freestream density, and freestream velocity for both boundary-layer flows. In laminar flow, exothermic recombination reactions are more important at the shoulder. The main contributors to radiative heating at the nose and flank were the CO2 dissociation rate and CO heavy-particle excitation rates, whereas the freestream density showed importance toward the shoulder. The CO2-CO2 interaction and freestream velocity and density control the wall shear stress uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation -- Research
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 103282783; Brune, Andrew J. 1 West IV, Thomas K. 1 Hosder, Serhat 1 Edquist, Karl T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p776; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation -- Research; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33131
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103282783&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Milos, Frank S.
AU  - Gasch, Matthew J.
AU  - Prabhu, Dinesh K.
T1  - Conformal Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator Arcjet Testing, Ablation, and Thermal Response.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 804
EP  - 812
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A new conformal type of phenolic impregnated carbon ablator was manufactured by resin impregnation of carbon felt. Based on property measurements of the conformal material and the existing model for a standard, rigid phenolic impregnated carbon ablator, a midfidelity material response model for the conformal material was developed. The rigid and conformal materials were arcjet tested simultaneously on a sphere-cone geometry in several environments with frustum heat flux up to 380 W/cm². Good agreement between the predictions and data was obtained for recession, surface temperature, and in-depth temperatures. The conformal material has a slightly greater ablation rate but significantly lower thermal diffusivity than the rigid material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 103282785; Milos, Frank S. 1 Gasch, Matthew J. 1 Prabhu, Dinesh K. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-0001  2: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035-0001; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p804; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33216
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osipov, Viatcheslav
AU  - Khasin, Michael
AU  - Hafiychuk, Halyna
AU  - Muratov, Cyrill
AU  - Watson, Michael
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim
T1  - Mitigation of Solid Booster Ignition over Pressure by Water Aerosol Sprays.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/05//May/Jun2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 928
EP  - 943
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Interaction of acoustic waves with water aerosol layers is analyzed in the context of the problem of solid booster ignition overpressure suppression. In contrast to the conventional approach to ignition overpressure suppression, which aims at using water to quench the sources of the ignition overpressure waves, this study focuses on blocking the ignition overpressure wave propagation, using reflection and attenuation of the wave by the water aerosol layers. The study considers interaction of the waves with aerosol layers of large mass loading for varying sizes of the droplets. The size of the droplets is shown to substantially affect the mechanisms of interaction with the waves. The criteria for the crossover between different mechanisms are established as functions of the droplet size and the ignition overpressure wave parameters. The optimal parameters and designs for water aerosol sprays are proposed that maximize the ignition overpressure suppression. These results were obtained using the nozzle and the exhaust hole geometries similar to those of the space shuttle. Remarkably, it is found that various a priori reasonable designs of the aerosol and water sprays may increase the ignition overpressure impact on the vehicle, increasing the risk of vehicle damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
KW  - SPACE shuttles
N1  - Accession Number: 103282795; Osipov, Viatcheslav 1 Khasin, Michael 1 Hafiychuk, Halyna 1 Muratov, Cyrill 2 Watson, Michael 3 Smelyanskiy, Vadim 4; Affiliation:  1: Stinger Ghajfarian Technologies, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102  3: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama 35812  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: May/Jun2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p928; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; Subject Term: SPACE shuttles; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rai, Amarendra K.
AU  - Schmitt, Michael P.
AU  - Bhattacharya, Rabi S.
AU  - Dongming Zhu
AU  - Wolfe, Douglas E.
T1  - Thermal conductivity and stability of multilayered thermal barrier coatings under high temperature annealing conditions.
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2015/05//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1605
EP  - 1612
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Pyrochlore oxides have most of the relevant attributes for use as next generation thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) such as phase stability, low sintering kinetics and low thermal conductivity. One of the issues with the pyrochlore oxides is their lower toughness and therefore higher erosion rate compared to the current state of the art TBC material, yttria (6-8 wt.%) stabilized zirconia (YSZ). In this work, sintering characteristics were investigated for novel multilayered coating consisted of alternating layers of pyrochlore oxide viz. Gd2Zr2O7 and t' low k (rare earth oxide doped YSZ). Thermal gradient and isothermal high temperature (1316 °C) annealing conditions were used to investigate sintering and cracking in these coatings. The results are then compared with that of relevant monolayered coatings and a baseline YSZ coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - ANNEALING of crystals
KW  - PYROCHLORE
KW  - SINTERING
KW  - Pyrochlore oxides
KW  - Sintering
KW  - TBC
KW  - Thermal conductivity
KW  - YSZ
N1  - Accession Number: 109255806; Rai, Amarendra K. 1; Email Address: arai@ues.com Schmitt, Michael P. 2 Bhattacharya, Rabi S. 1 Dongming Zhu 3 Wolfe, Douglas E. 2; Affiliation:  1: UES, Inc, 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, OH 45432-1894, United States  2: Material Science and Engineering Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: May2015, p1605; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: ANNEALING of crystals; Subject Term: PYROCHLORE; Subject Term: SINTERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrochlore oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sintering; Author-Supplied Keyword: TBC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: YSZ; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212210 Iron Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2014.11.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kok, Mariana
AU  - Jr.Smith, Joseph G.
AU  - Wohl, Christopher J.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Young, Trevor M.
T1  - Critical considerations in the mitigation of insect residue contamination on aircraft surfaces – A review.
JO  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
JF  - Progress in Aerospace Sciences
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 75
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 03760421
AB  - Mitigation of insect residue contamination on next generation aircraft is vital for the commercial exploitation of laminar flow technologies. A review of the critical entomological, meteorological and aeronautical factors affecting insect residue accumulation on aircraft leading edge surfaces is herein presented. An evaluation of a passive mitigation strategy, namely the use of anti-contamination coatings, has been conducted and the key issues in the use of these coatings highlighted. A summary of the variations in major experiments, including laboratory, wind tunnel and flight testing, is outlined. The effects of surface and material characteristics on insect residue adhesion were also investigated, with topographical features of the surface and surface chemistry shown as influential factors. The use of a substitute as an alternative to live insect testing has shown promise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Aerospace Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - INSECT pests -- Control
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - ENTOMOLOGY
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - Coatings
KW  - Engineered surface testing
KW  - Insect mitigation
KW  - Laminar flow
N1  - Accession Number: 102318961; Kok, Mariana 1,2 Jr.Smith, Joseph G. 3 Wohl, Christopher J. 3 Siochi, Emilie J. 3 Young, Trevor M. 1,2; Email Address: Trevor.Young@ul.ie; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical, Aeronautical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Limerick, Ireland  2: Materials and Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Ireland  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 75, p1; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: INSECT pests -- Control; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: ENTOMOLOGY; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineered surface testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insect mitigation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 561710 Exterminating and Pest Control Services; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.paerosci.2015.02.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - NEWMAN, K.
AU  - GUYON, O.
AU  - BALASUBRAMANIAN, K.
AU  - BELIKOV, R.
AU  - JOVANOVIC, N.
AU  - MARTINACHE, F.
AU  - WILSON, D.
T1  - An Achromatic Focal Plane Mask for High-Performance Broadband Coronagraphy.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 127
IS  - 951
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 444
SN  - 00046280
AB  - Developments in coronagraph technology are close to achieving the technical requirements necessary to observe the faint signal of an Earth-like exoplanet in monochromatic light. An important remaining technological challenge is to achieve high contrast in broadband light. coronagraph bandwidth is largely limited by chromaticity of the focal plane mask, which is responsible for blocking the stellar PSF. The size of a stellar PSF scales linearly with wavelength; ideally, the size of the focal plane mask would also scale with wavelength. A conventional hard-edge focal plane mask has a fixed size, normally sized for the longest wavelength in the observational band to avoid starlight leakage. The conventional mask is oversized for shorter wavelengths and blocks useful discovery space. We present a new focal plane mask which operates conceptually as an opaque disk occulter, but uses a phase mask technique to improve performance and solve the "size chromaticity" problem. This achromatic focal plane mask would maximize the potential planet detection space without allowing starlight leakage to degrade the system contrast. Compared with a conventional opaque disk focal plane mask, the achromatic mask allows coronagraph operation over a broader range of wavelengths and allows the detection of exoplanets closer to their host star. We present the generalized design for the achromatic focal plane mask, implementation within the Subaru Coronagraph Extreme Adaptive Optics instrument, and laboratory results which demonstrate the sizescaling property of the mask. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - MONOCHROMATIC light
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - CHROMATICITY
KW  - FOCAL planes
N1  - Accession Number: 102476616; NEWMAN, K. 1,2; Email Address: knewman@email.arizona.edu GUYON, O. 1,3 BALASUBRAMANIAN, K. 4 BELIKOV, R. 2 JOVANOVIC, N. 3 MARTINACHE, F. 3 WILSON, D. 4; Affiliation:  1: College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1630 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Bldg 245-144, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Subaru Telescope, 650 North A'Ohoku Pl, Hilo, HI 96720  4: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 127 Issue 951, p437; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: MONOCHROMATIC light; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: CHROMATICITY; Subject Term: FOCAL planes; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bomarito, G.F.
AU  - Lin, Y.
AU  - Warner, D.H.
T1  - An atomistic modeling survey of the shear strength of twist grain boundaries in aluminum.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 72
EP  - 75
SN  - 13596462
AB  - A computational survey of the shear strength of 343 unique grain boundaries was performed. For each boundary, the strength was surveyed as a function of shear direction. The results suggest that: (1) the shear strength cannot be comprehensively predicted by common grain boundary descriptors, (2) the shear strength depends significantly and simply on shear direction due to the faceted geometry of boundary planes, and (3) grain boundary shear strengths in an ordinary material can be represented by a simple statistical distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHEAR strength
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - ALUMINUM
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Atomistic simulation
KW  - Grain boundary sliding
KW  - Grain boundary structure
KW  - Plastic deformation
N1  - Accession Number: 101439925; Bomarito, G.F. 1,2 Lin, Y. 2 Warner, D.H. 2; Email Address: dhw52@cornell.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Durability, Damage Tolerance and Reliability Branch, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 101, p72; Subject Term: SHEAR strength; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: ALUMINUM; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atomistic simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundary sliding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundary structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plastic deformation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2015.01.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dunning, Peter
AU  - Stanford, Bret
AU  - Kim, H.
T1  - Coupled aerostructural topology optimization using a level set method for 3D aircraft wings.
JO  - Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization
JF  - Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 51
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1113
EP  - 1132
SN  - 1615147X
AB  - The purpose of this work is to develop a level set topology optimization method for an unstructured three-dimensional mesh and apply it to wing box design for coupled aerostructural considerations. The paper develops fast marching and upwind schemes suitable for unstructured meshes, which make the level set method robust and efficient. The method is applied to optimize a representative wing box internal structure for the NASA Common Research Model. The objective is to minimize the total compliance of the wing box. The trim condition that aerodynamic lift must balance the total weight of the aircraft is enforced by allowing the root angle of attack to change. The adjoint method is used to obtain the coupled shape sensitivities required to perform aerostructural optimization of the wing box. Optimum solutions for several aerodynamic and body force load cases, as well as a ground load case, are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
KW  - STRUCTURAL design
KW  - AERODYNAMICS -- Research
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - 3D unstructured mesh
KW  - Level set method
KW  - Multi-disciplinary optimization
KW  - Topology optimization
N1  - Accession Number: 103108243; Dunning, Peter 1; Email Address: en2pdd@bath.ac.uk Stanford, Bret 2 Kim, H. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton 23666 USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA  3: University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY UK; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 51 Issue 5, p1113; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL design; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS -- Research; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: 3D unstructured mesh; Author-Supplied Keyword: Level set method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-disciplinary optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Topology optimization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00158-014-1200-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103108243&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asamene, Kassahun
AU  - Hudson, Larry
AU  - Sundaresan, Mannur
T1  - Influence of attenuation on acoustic emission signals in carbon fiber reinforced polymer panels.
JO  - Ultrasonics
JF  - Ultrasonics
Y1  - 2015/05//
VL  - 59
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 93
SN  - 0041624X
AB  - Influence of attenuation on acoustic emission (AE) signals in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) crossply and quasi-isotropic panels is examined in this paper. Attenuation coefficients of the fundamental antisymmetric (A 0 ) and symmetric (S 0 ) wave modes were determined experimentally along different directions for the two types of CFRP panels. In the frequency range from 100 kHz to 500 kHz, the A 0 mode undergoes significantly greater changes due to material related attenuation compared to the S 0 mode. Moderate to strong changes in the attenuation levels were noted with propagation directions. Such mode and frequency dependent attenuation introduces major changes in the characteristics of AE signals depending on the position of the AE sensor relative to the source. Results from finite element simulations of a microscopic damage event in the composite laminates are used to illustrate attenuation related changes in modal and frequency components of AE signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ultrasonics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - MICROSCOPY
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ATTENUATION (Physics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - Acoustic emission
KW  - Attenuation
KW  - Carbon fiber reinforced polymers
KW  - Lamb waves
KW  - Structural health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 101493726; Asamene, Kassahun 1 Hudson, Larry 2 Sundaresan, Mannur 1; Email Address: mannur@ncat.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mech. Eng., North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, United States  2: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards, CA 93523, United States; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 59, p86; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: MICROSCOPY; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: ATTENUATION (Physics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attenuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon fiber reinforced polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lamb waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural health monitoring; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.01.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Muratov, C. B.
AU  - Osipov, V. V.
AU  - Vanden-Eijnden, E.
T1  - Energy barriers for bit-encoding states based on 360° domain walls in ultrathin ferromagnetic nanorings.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2015/05/07/
VL  - 117
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 17D118-1
EP  - 17D118-4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - A numerical thermal stability study of the bit-encoding states in a proposed multi-level magnetic storage element based on an ultrathin ferromagnetic nanoring is presented. The material parameters and the ring dimensions for which there are five distinct metastable magnetization configurations separated by energy barriers exceeding 50kBT at room temperature are identified. The results are obtained, using the string method for the study of rare events to locate the transition states separating the metastable states and to identify the most likely thermally activated pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
KW  - MAGNETIC semiconductors
KW  - FERROMAGNETISM
KW  - MAGNETIC storage
KW  - ACTIVATION energy
N1  - Accession Number: 102606507; Muratov, C. B. 1; Email Address: muratov@njit.ed Osipov, V. V. 2 Vanden-Eijnden, E. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA  2: Intelligent Systems Division, D&SH Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, New York 10012, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 117 Issue 17, p17D118-1; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: MAGNETIC semiconductors; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETISM; Subject Term: MAGNETIC storage; Subject Term: ACTIVATION energy; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4914341
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matthew W. Webber
AU  - Nikole K. Lewis
AU  - Mark Marley
AU  - Caroline Morley
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - Kerri Cahoy
T1  - EFFECT OF LONGITUDE-DEPENDENT CLOUD COVERAGE ON EXOPLANET VISIBLE WAVELENGTH REFLECTED-LIGHT PHASE CURVES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05/10/
VL  - 804
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We use a planetary albedo model to investigate variations in visible wavelength phase curves of exoplanets. Thermal and cloud properties for these exoplanets are derived using one-dimensional radiative-convective and cloud simulations. The presence of clouds on these exoplanets significantly alters their planetary albedo spectra. We confirm that non-uniform cloud coverage on the dayside of tidally locked exoplanets will manifest as changes to the magnitude and shift of the phase curve. In this work, we first investigate a test case of our model using a Jupiter-like planet, at temperatures consistent to 2.0 AU insolation from a solar type star, to consider the effect of H2O clouds. We then extend our application of the model to the exoplanet Kepler-7b and consider the effect of varying cloud species, sedimentation efficiency, particle size, and cloud altitude. We show that, depending on the observational filter, the largest possible shift of the phase curve maximum will be ∼2°–10° for a Jupiter-like planet, and up to ∼30° (∼0.08 in fractional orbital phase) for hot-Jupiter exoplanets at visible wavelengths as a function of dayside cloud distribution with a uniformly averaged thermal profile. The models presented in this work can be adapted for a variety of planetary cases at visible wavelengths to include variations in planet–star separation, gravity, metallicity, and source-observer geometry. Finally, we tailor our model for comparison with, and confirmation of, the recent optical phase-curve observations of Kepler-7b with the Kepler space telescope. The average planetary albedo can vary between 0.1 and 0.6 for the 1300 cloud scenarios that were compared to the observations. Many of these cases cannot produce a high enough albedo to match the observations. We observe that smaller particle size and increasing cloud altitude have a strong effect on increasing albedo. In particular, we show that a set of models where Kepler-7b has roughly half of its dayside covered in small-particle clouds high in the atmosphere, made of bright minerals like MgSiO3 and Mg2SiO4, provide the best fits to the observed offset and magnitude of the phase-curve, whereas Fe clouds are found to be too dark to fit the observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - NEUTRON albedo
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - EARTHSHINE
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 112859223; Matthew W. Webber 1 Nikole K. Lewis 1,2,3 Mark Marley 4 Caroline Morley 5 Jonathan J. Fortney 5 Kerri Cahoy 1,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA  2: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  3: Sagan Postdoctoral Fellow  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Cambridge, MA, USA; Source Info: 5/10/2015, Vol. 804 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: NEUTRON albedo; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: EARTHSHINE; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/804/2/94
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112859223&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Mattes, Greg
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Fritzler, Erin
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
AU  - McMurray, Robert
AU  - Morse, Stephanie
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Stoker, Carol R.
T1  - Real-time science operations to support a lunar polar volatiles rover mission.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2427
EP  - 2437
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Future human exploration of the Moon will likely rely on in situ resource utilization (ISRU) to enable long duration lunar missions. Prior to utilizing ISRU on the Moon, the natural resources (in this case lunar volatiles) must be identified and characterized, and ISRU demonstrated on the lunar surface. To enable future uses of ISRU, NASA and the CSA are developing a lunar rover payload that can (1) locate near subsurface volatiles, (2) excavate and analyze samples of the volatile-bearing regolith, and (3) demonstrate the form, extractability and usefulness of the materials. Such investigations are important both for ISRU purposes and for understanding the scientific nature of these intriguing lunar volatile deposits. Temperature models and orbital data suggest near surface volatile concentrations may exist at briefly lit lunar polar locations outside persistently shadowed regions. A lunar rover could be remotely operated at some of these locations for the ∼ 2–14 days of expected sunlight at relatively low cost. Due to the limited operational time available, both science and rover operations decisions must be made in real time, requiring immediate situational awareness, data analysis, and decision support tools. Given these constraints, such a mission requires a new concept of operations. In this paper we outline the results and lessons learned from an analog field campaign in July 2012 which tested operations for a lunar polar rover concept. A rover was operated in the analog environment of Hawaii by an off-site Flight Control Center, a rover navigation center in Canada, a Science Backroom at NASA Ames Research Center in California, and support teams at NASA Johnson Space Center in Texas and NASA Kennedy Space Center in Florida. We find that this type of mission requires highly efficient, real time, remotely operated rover operations to enable low cost, scientifically relevant exploration of the distribution and nature of lunar polar volatiles. The field demonstration illustrated the need for science operations personnel in constant communications with the flight mission operators and the Science Backroom to provide immediate and continual science support and validation throughout the mission. Specific data analysis tools are also required to enable immediate data monitoring, visualization, and decision making. The field campaign demonstrated that this novel methodology of real-time science operations is possible and applicable to providing important new insights regarding lunar polar volatiles for both science and exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - NATURAL resources
KW  - Missions
KW  - Moon
KW  - Rover
KW  - Volatiles
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - LYNDON B. Johnson Space Center
N1  - Accession Number: 102100867; Heldmann, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: jennifer.heldmann@nasa.gov Colaprete, Anthony 1 Elphic, Richard C. 1 Mattes, Greg 2 Ennico, Kimberly 1 Fritzler, Erin 3 Marinova, Margarita M. 4 McMurray, Robert 3 Morse, Stephanie 3 Roush, Ted L. 1 Stoker, Carol R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: BAER Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p2427; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: NATURAL resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: Missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volatiles; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: LYNDON B. Johnson Space Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2014.07.037
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102100867&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Marinova, Margarita M.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Fritzler, Erin L.
AU  - McMurray, Robert E.
AU  - Morse, Stephanie
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Stoker, Carol R.
AU  - Deans, Matthew C.
AU  - Smith, Trey F.
T1  - Simulated real-time lunar volatiles prospecting with a rover-borne neutron spectrometer.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2438
EP  - 2450
SN  - 02731177
AB  - In situ resource utilization (ISRU) may one day enable long duration lunar missions. But the efficacy of such an approach greatly depends on (1) physical and chemical makeup of the resource, and (2) the logistical cost of exploiting the resource. Establishing these key strategic factors requires prospecting: the capability of locating and characterizing potential resources. There is already considerable evidence from orbital and impact missions that the lunar poles harbor plausibly rich reservoirs of volatiles. The next step is to land on the Moon and assess the nature, “ore-grade”, and extractability of water ice and other materials. In support of this next step, a mission simulation was carried out on the island of Hawai’i in July of 2012. A robotic rover, provided by the Canadian Space Agency, carried several NASA ISRU-supporting instruments in a field test to address how such a mission might be carried out. This exercise was meant to test the ability to (a) locate and characterize volatiles, (b) acquire subsurface samples in a volatile-rich location, and (c) analyze the form and composition of the volatiles to determine their utility. This paper describes the successful demonstration of neutron spectroscopy as a prospecting and decision support system to locate and evaluate potential ISRU targets in the field exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUTRON spectrometers
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Moon
KW  - Neutron spectroscopy
KW  - Rover
KW  - Volatiles
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - CANADIAN Space Agency
N1  - Accession Number: 102100868; Elphic, Richard C. 1; Email Address: richard.c.elphic@nasa.gov Heldmann, Jennifer L. 1 Marinova, Margarita M. 2 Colaprete, Anthony 1 Fritzler, Erin L. 3 McMurray, Robert E. 3 Morse, Stephanie 3 Roush, Ted L. 1 Stoker, Carol R. 1 Deans, Matthew C. 4 Smith, Trey F. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Engineering Systems Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p2438; Subject Term: NEUTRON spectrometers; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volatiles; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: CANADIAN Space Agency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911910 Other federal government public administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2015.01.035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102100868&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Elphic, Richard
AU  - Ennico-Smith, Kimberly
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer
AU  - Stoker, Carol
AU  - Marinova, Margarita
AU  - McMurray, Robert
AU  - Fritzler, Erin
AU  - Morse, Stephanie
T1  - In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) field expedition 2012: Near-Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System (NIRVSS) science measurements compared to site knowledge.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 55
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2451
EP  - 2456
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The scientific information collected and evaluated using the Near-Infrared Volatile Spectrometer System (NIRVSS) during the 2012 In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) field campaign, exhibits variations related to differing surface materials and presence of volatiles during both rover traverses and auger activities demonstrating the promise of using NIRVSS for volatile prospecting on the lunar surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - MOON
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Lunar
KW  - Prospecting
KW  - Rover
KW  - Volatile
N1  - Accession Number: 102100865; Roush, Ted L. 1; Email Address: ted.l.roush@nasa.gov Colaprete, Anthony 1 Elphic, Richard 1 Ennico-Smith, Kimberly 1 Heldmann, Jennifer 1 Stoker, Carol 1 Marinova, Margarita 2 McMurray, Robert 3 Fritzler, Erin 4 Morse, Stephanie 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: BAER Institute, 625 2nd Street, Suite 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Engineering Systems Division, MS 244-10, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Lockheed-Martin Space, c/o NASA Ames Research Center, Strategic Management & Analysis Division, MS 211-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 55 Issue 10, p2451; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prospecting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volatile; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2014.08.033
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102100865&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Austerberry, David
AU  - Pierce, R. Bradley
AU  - Roby, Matthew C.
AU  - Tadić, Jovan M.
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
AU  - Gore, Warren
T1  - Characterizing the impacts of vertical transport and photochemical ozone production on an exceedance area.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 109
M3  - Article
SP  - 342
EP  - 350
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Offshore and inland vertical profiles of ozone (O 3 ) were measured from an aircraft during 16 flights from January 2012 to January 2013 over the northern San Joaquin Valley (SJV) and over the Pacific Ocean. Analysis of in situ measurements presents an assessment of the seasonality and magnitude of net O 3 production and transport within the lower troposphere above the SJV. During the high O 3 season (May–October), the Dobson Unit sum of O 3 in the 0–2 km above sea level (km.a.s.l.) layer above the SJV exceeds that above the offshore profile by up to 20.5%, implying net O 3 production over the SJV or vertical transport from above. During extreme events (e.g. Stratosphere-to-troposphere transport) vertical features (areas of enhanced or depleted O 3 or water vapor) are observed in the offshore and SJV profiles at different altitudes, demonstrating the scale of vertical mixing during transport. Correlation analysis between offshore O 3 profiles and O 3 surface sites in the SJV lends further support the hypothesis of vertical mixing. Correlation analysis indicates that O 3 mixing ratios at surface sites in the northern and middle SJV show significant correlations to the 1.5–2 km.a.s.l. offshore altitude range. Southern SJV O 3 surface sites show a shift towards maximum correlations at increased time-offsets, and O 3 surface sites at elevated altitudes show significant correlations with higher offshore altitudes (2.5–4 km.a.s.l.). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC transport
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - Air quality
KW  - San Joaquin Valley
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 102188323; Yates, Emma L. 1; Email Address: emma.l.yates@nasa.gov Iraci, Laura T. 1 Austerberry, David 1 Pierce, R. Bradley 2 Roby, Matthew C. 1,3 Tadić, Jovan M. 1 Loewenstein, Max 1 Gore, Warren 1; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NOAA/NESDIS Advanced Satellite Products Branch Madison, WI 53706, USA  3: Department of Meteorology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0104, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 109, p342; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC transport; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin Valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric ozone; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.09.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102188323&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Norris, Kate J.
AU  - Garrett, Matthew P.
AU  - Zhang, Junce
AU  - Coleman, Elane
AU  - Tompa, Gary S.
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Silicon nanowire networks for multi-stage thermoelectric modules.
JO  - Energy Conversion & Management
JF  - Energy Conversion & Management
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 104
SN  - 01968904
AB  - We present the fabrication and characterization of single, double, and quadruple stacked flexible silicon nanowire network based thermoelectric modules. From double to quadruple stacked modules, power production increased 27%, demonstrating that stacking multiple nanowire thermoelectric devices in series is a scalable method to generate power by supplying larger temperature gradient. We present a vertically scalable multi-stage thermoelectric module design using semiconducting nanowires, eliminating the need for both n-type and p-type semiconductors for modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Energy Conversion & Management is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON nanowires
KW  - THERMOELECTRICITY
KW  - QUADRUPLETS
KW  - THERMOELECTRIC apparatus & appliances
KW  - P-type semiconductors
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - Copper substrate
KW  - Nanowire network
KW  - Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD)
KW  - Silicon
KW  - TiN nucleation layer
N1  - Accession Number: 101927277; Norris, Kate J. 1,2; Email Address: katejeannenorris@gmail.com Garrett, Matthew P. 1,2 Zhang, Junce 1,2 Coleman, Elane 3 Tompa, Gary S. 3 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, Univ. of California Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Structured Materials Industries, Inc., Piscataway, NJ, United States; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 96, p100; Subject Term: SILICON nanowires; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: QUADRUPLETS; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRIC apparatus & appliances; Subject Term: P-type semiconductors; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper substrate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanowire network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: TiN nucleation layer; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.enconman.2015.02.050
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101927277&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Leonard, Gregory J.
AU  - Platz, Thomas
AU  - Tanaka, Kenneth L.
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Gulick, Virginia
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Glines, Natalie
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Jianguo, Yan
AU  - Oguma, Midori
T1  - Erratum to “New insights into the Late Amazonian zonal shrinkage of the Martian south polar plateau” [Icarus 248 (2015) 407–411].
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 252
M3  - Article
SP  - 228
EP  - 228
SN  - 00191035
KW  - PERIODICALS -- Articles
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - PLATEAUS
KW  - ICARUS (Asteroid)
KW  - AMAZON River Region
N1  - Accession Number: 101924480; Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. 1,2; Email Address: alexis@psi.edu Leonard, Gregory J. 3 Platz, Thomas 2,4 Tanaka, Kenneth L. 5 Kargel, Jeffrey S. 3 Fairén, Alberto G. 6 Gulick, Virginia 1,7 Baker, Victor R. 3 Glines, Natalie 1 Miyamoto, Hideaki 8 Jianguo, Yan 9 Oguma, Midori 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA  3: Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Planetary Sciences & Remote Sensing, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany  5: Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 426 Space Sciences Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  7: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: The University Museum, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  9: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 252, p228; Subject Term: PERIODICALS -- Articles; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: PLATEAUS; Subject Term: ICARUS (Asteroid); Subject Term: AMAZON River Region; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.01.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101924480&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalle Ore, C. Morea
AU  - Barucci, M.A.
AU  - Emery, J.P.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - de Bergh, C.
AU  - Roush, T.L.
AU  - Perna, D.
AU  - Merlin, F.
AU  - Dalle Ore, L.V.
T1  - The composition of “ultra-red” TNOs and centaurs.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 252
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 326
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We present an analysis of the colors available for seven trans-neptunian objects (TNOs) and three centaurs among the reddest known, aimed at characterizing their surface chemical properties. In particular we seek to obtain evidence in support of the proposed correlation between the visible coloration of the surface of TNOs and their surface compositions (Brown, M.E., Schaller, E.L., Fraser, W.C. [2011]. Astrophys. J. 739, L60). The analysis focuses on nine available colors in the visible–near IR (0.3–4.5 μm) spectral range scaled to the V albedo to provide a proxy for the spectral shape of the objects. The colors include Spitzer IRAC data never published before, key in providing an effective constraint in the discrimination of ices contributing to the surface composition of the objects. Compositions are obtained by comparing the data to a grid of radiative transfer models convolved by the filter response functions of the colors adopted in the spectrum-proxies to match the resolution of the observations. We find evidence suggesting the presence of hydrocarbons and/or methanol on the surfaces of most objects in our sample, supporting the hypothesis by Brown et al. (Brown, M.E., Schaller, E.L., Fraser, W.C. [2011]. Astrophys. J. 739, L60) that the coloration of red TNOs could be linked to their methanol content. From our finding of methanol/hydrocarbon ices on the surfaces of the objects in our sample of very red TNOs and centaurs we infer that ultra-red objects in general might contain these ices and therefore might have formed in the outer part of the Solar System. We also deduce that the surfaces of most of the very red TNOs in our dataset are probably still quite pristine, and that their organic materials could have been produced by irradiation of the volatile ices whose traces are still present on their surface. Although our sample is small, we infer that the irradiation process is still in progress, as hinted by the centaurs’ slightly elevated organic amounts at smaller perihelion distances. However, considering the relatively similar amounts of organics found in our data at a wide variety of perihelion distances, we also infer that it could have started before Neptune’s migration. The technique used to constrain the composition described as part of this study introduces a new approach at investigating the surface chemistry of the very small and numerous objects that constitute the bulk of the TNO and centaur populations. This innovative method has the potential to provide constraints for irradiation theories and for models of dynamical and chemical evolution of the Solar System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANS-Neptunian objects
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - HYPOTHESIS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Centaurs
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
KW  - Photometry
KW  - Trans-neptunian objects
N1  - Accession Number: 101924470; Dalle Ore, C. Morea 1,2; Email Address: Cristina.M.DalleOre@nasa.gov Barucci, M.A. 3 Emery, J.P. 4 Cruikshank, D.P. 2 de Bergh, C. 3 Roush, T.L. 2 Perna, D. 3 Merlin, F. 3 Dalle Ore, L.V. 2; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: LESIA – Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Paris-Diderot, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon Principal Cedex, France  4: Earth and Planetary Sciences Dept., University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37919, United States; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 252, p311; Subject Term: TRANS-Neptunian objects; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: HYPOTHESIS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centaurs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trans-neptunian objects; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.01.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Estrada, Paul R.
AU  - Durisen, Richard H.
AU  - Cuzzi, Jeffrey N.
AU  - Morgan, Demitri A.
T1  - Combined structural and compositional evolution of planetary rings due to micrometeoroid impacts and ballistic transport.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 252
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 439
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We introduce improved numerical techniques for simulating the structural and compositional evolution of planetary rings due to micrometeoroid bombardment and subsequent ballistic transport of impact ejecta. Our current, robust code is capable of modeling structural changes and pollution transport simultaneously over long times on both local and global scales. In this paper, we describe the methodology based on the original structural code of Durisen et al. (Durisen, R.H. et al. [1989]. Icarus 80, 136–166) and on the pollution transport code of Cuzzi and Estrada (Cuzzi, J.N., Estrada, P.R. [1998]. Icarus 132, 1–35). We provide demonstrative simulations to compare with, and extend upon previous work, as well as examples of how ballistic transport can maintain the observed structure in Saturn’s rings using available Cassini occultation optical depth data. In particular, we explicitly verify the claim that the inner B (and presumably A) ring edge can be maintained over long periods of time due to an ejecta distribution that is heavily biased in the prograde direction through a balance between the sharpening effects of ballistic transport and the broadening effects of viscosity. We also see that a “ramp”-like feature forms over time just inside that edge. However, it does not remain linear for the duration of the runs presented here unless a less steep ejecta velocity distribution is adopted. We also model the C ring plateaus and find that their outer edges can be maintained at their observed sharpness for long periods due to ballistic transport. We hypothesize that the addition of a significant component of a retrograde-biased ejecta distribution may help explain the linearity of the ramp and could provide a mechanism for maintaining the sharpness of C ring plateau inner edges. This component would arise for the subset of micrometeoroid impacts which are destructive rather than merely cratering. Such a distribution will be introduced in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY rings
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - BALLISTIC conduction
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
KW  - Disks
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Saturn, rings
N1  - Accession Number: 101924472; Estrada, Paul R. 1; Email Address: Paul.R.Estrada@nasa.gov Durisen, Richard H. 2 Cuzzi, Jeffrey N. 3 Morgan, Demitri A. 4; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Ave. # 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  2: Astronomy Department, University of Indiana, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 252, p415; Subject Term: PLANETARY rings; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: BALLISTIC conduction; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, rings; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.02.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, Z.
AU  - Stamnes, S.
AU  - Jin, Z.
AU  - Laszlo, I.
AU  - Tsay, S.-C.
AU  - Wiscombe, W.J.
AU  - Stamnes, K.
T1  - Improved discrete ordinate solutions in the presence of an anisotropically reflecting lower boundary: Upgrades of the DISORT computational tool.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/05/15/
VL  - 157
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 134
SN  - 00224073
AB  - A successor version 3 of DISORT (DISORT3) is presented with important upgrades that improve the accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the algorithm. Compared with version 2 (DISORT2 released in 2000) these upgrades include (a) a redesigned BRDF computation that improves both speed and accuracy, (b) a revised treatment of the single scattering correction, and (c) additional efficiency and stability upgrades for beam sources. In DISORT3 the BRDF computation is improved in the following three ways: (i) the Fourier decomposition is prepared “off-line”, thus avoiding the repeated internal computations done in DISORT2; (ii) a large enough number of terms in the Fourier expansion of the BRDF is employed to guarantee accurate values of the expansion coefficients (default is 200 instead of 50 in DISORT2); (iii) in the post-processing step the reflection of the direct attenuated beam from the lower boundary is included resulting in a more accurate single scattering correction. These improvements in the treatment of the BRDF have led to improved accuracy and a several-fold increase in speed. In addition, the stability of beam sources has been improved by removing a singularity occurring when the cosine of the incident beam angle is too close to the reciprocal of any of the eigenvalues. The efficiency for beam sources has been further improved from reducing by a factor of 2 (compared to DISORT2) the dimension of the linear system of equations that must be solved to obtain the particular solutions, and by replacing the LINPAK routines used in DISORT2 by LAPACK 3.5 in DISORT3. These beam source stability and efficiency upgrades bring enhanced stability and an additional 5–7% improvement in speed. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate and quantify the improvements in accuracy and efficiency of DISORT3 compared to DISORT2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - MECHANICAL efficiency
KW  - ACCURACY
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL number theory
KW  - ANGLES (Geometry)
KW  - BRDF
KW  - Cox–Munk
KW  - Radiative transfer model
KW  - Ross–Li
KW  - RPV
KW  - Single scattering correction
N1  - Accession Number: 101929871; Lin, Z. 1; Email Address: lzhenyi@stevens.edu Stamnes, S. 2; Email Address: snorre.a.stamnes@nasa.gov Jin, Z. 2,3; Email Address: zhonghai.jin-1@nasa.gov Laszlo, I. 4,5; Email Address: Istvan.Laszlo@noaa.gov Tsay, S.-C. 6; Email Address: Si-Chee.Tsay@nasa.gov Wiscombe, W.J. 6; Email Address: Warren.J.Wiscombe@nasa.gov Stamnes, K. 1; Email Address: Knut.Stamnes@stevens.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Engineer Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Center for Satellite Applications and Research, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, NOAA, College Park, MD, USA  5: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, code 613, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 157, p119; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: MECHANICAL efficiency; Subject Term: ACCURACY; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL number theory; Subject Term: ANGLES (Geometry); Author-Supplied Keyword: BRDF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cox–Munk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ross–Li; Author-Supplied Keyword: RPV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single scattering correction; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.02.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campbell, Caroline J.
AU  - Kim, Jae-Woo
AU  - Lin, Yi
AU  - Han, Xiaogang
AU  - Zhao, Bin
AU  - Luo, Wei
AU  - Dai, Jiaqi
AU  - Hu, Liangbing
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - Holey Graphene Nanomanufacturing: Structure, Composition, and Electrochemical Properties.
JO  - Advanced Functional Materials
JF  - Advanced Functional Materials
Y1  - 2015/05/20/
VL  - 25
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 2920
EP  - 2927
SN  - 1616301X
AB  - Topology is critical for properties and function of 2D nanomaterials. Membranes and films from 2D nanomaterials usually suffer from large tortuosity as a result from dense restacking of the nanosheets and thus have limited utility in applications such as electrodes for supercapacitor and batteries, which require ion transport through the nanosheet thickness. In comparison with conventional porous 2D nanomaterials, introducing holes through the nanosheets to create holey 2D nanomaterials with retention of the 2D-related properties is a more viable approach to improve molecular transport. Here, graphene is used as a model to study the fundamental structure-property relationship as a result from defect-enabled hole creation. Specifically, the correlation of electrochemical capacitive properties with structure and composition for holey graphene materials is prepared using a highly scalable controlled air oxidation process. The presence of holes on graphene sheets is not sufficient to account for the observed capacitance improvement. Rather, the improvement is achieved through the combination of an enhanced mesopore fraction with simultaneous oxygen doping while retaining the graphitic carbon network with minimal damage. The detailed understanding might be further applied to other 2D materials toward a broader range of both energy-related and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advanced Functional Materials is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - NANOMANUFACTURING
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - 2D materials
KW  - defect control
KW  - edge chemistry
KW  - holey graphene
KW  - nanomanufacturing
N1  - Accession Number: 102716160; Campbell, Caroline J. 1 Kim, Jae-Woo 1 Lin, Yi 1,2 Han, Xiaogang 3 Zhao, Bin 3 Luo, Wei 3 Dai, Jiaqi 3 Hu, Liangbing 3 Connell, John W. 4; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace  2: Department of Applied Science, The College of William and Mary  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland  4: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 25 Issue 19, p2920; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: NANOMANUFACTURING; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2D materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: defect control; Author-Supplied Keyword: edge chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: holey graphene; Author-Supplied Keyword: nanomanufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/adfm.201500321
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beni B. Dangi
AU  - Yong S. Kim
AU  - Serge A. Krasnokutski
AU  - Ralf I. Kaiser
AU  - Charles W. Bauschlicher Jr
T1  - TOWARD THE FORMATION OF CARBONACEOUS REFRACTORY MATTER IN HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROCARBON-RICH ATMOSPHERES OF EXOPLANETS UPON MICROMETEOROID IMPACT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05/20/
VL  - 805
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report on laboratory simulation experiments mimicking the chemical processing of model atmospheres of exoplanets containing C3 and C4 hydrocarbons at moderate temperatures of 400 K upon interaction of catalytic surfaces of micrometeoroids. By utilizing an ultrasonic levitator device and heating singly levitated particles under simulated microgravity conditions, Raman spectroscopy is utilized as a non-invasive tool to probe on line and in situ the conversion of C3 and C4 hydrocarbons to refractory carbonaceous matter on the surfaces of levitated particles. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry and electron microscopic imaging were also conducted to gain further insight into the elementary composition and structures of the refractories formed. Our results provide compelling evidence that in the presence of a catalytic surface, which can be supplied in the form of micrometeoroids and atmospheric dust particles, hydrocarbon gases present in the atmospheres of exoplanets can be converted to refractory, carbon-rich carbonaceous matter of mainly graphitic structure with a carbon content of at least 90% at elevated temperatures. This finding might explain the low methane to carbon monoxide (CH4–CO) ratio in the hot Neptune GJ 436b, where the abundant methane photochemically converts to higher order hydrocarbons and ultimately to refractory graphite-like carbon in the presence of a silicon surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - METEOROIDS
N1  - Accession Number: 102787405; Beni B. Dangi 1 Yong S. Kim 1 Serge A. Krasnokutski 1,2 Ralf I. Kaiser 1,3 Charles W. Bauschlicher Jr 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Scientist; permanent address: Laboratory Astrophysics Group of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy at the Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 3, D-07742 Jena, Germany.  3: Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.  4: Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2015, Vol. 805 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/805/1/76
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Elliott P. Horch
AU  - Steve B. Howell
T1  - UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF STELLAR MULTIPLICITY ON THE DERIVED PLANET RADII FROM TRANSIT SURVEYS: IMPLICATIONS FOR KEPLER, K2, AND TESS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05/20/
VL  - 805
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a study on the effect of undetected stellar companions on the derived planetary radii for Kepler Objects of Interest (KOIs). The current production of the KOI list assumes that each KOI is a single star. Not accounting for stellar multiplicity statistically biases the planets toward smaller radii. The bias toward smaller radii depends on the properties of the companion stars and whether the planets orbit the primary or the companion stars. Defining a planetary radius correction factor, XR, we find that if the KOIs are assumed to be single, then, on average, the planetary radii may be underestimated by a factor of . If typical radial velocity and high-resolution imaging observations are performed and no companions are detected, then this factor reduces to . The correction factor is dependent on the primary star properties and ranges from for A and F stars to for K and M stars. For missions like K2 and TESS where the stars may be closer than the stars in the Kepler target sample, observational vetting (primary imaging) reduces the radius correction factor to . Finally, we show that if the stellar multiplicity rates are not accounted for correctly, then occurrence rate calculations for Earth-sized planets may overestimate the frequency of small planets by as much as 15%–20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 102787399; David R. Ciardi 1; Email Address: ciardi@ipac.caltech.edu Charles A. Beichman 1 Elliott P. Horch 2 Steve B. Howell 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech Pasadena, CA, USA  2: Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2015, Vol. 805 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/805/1/16
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karim Shariff
AU  - Jeffrey N. Cuzzi
T1  - THE SPHERICALLY SYMMETRIC GRAVITATIONAL COLLAPSE OF A CLUMP OF SOLIDS IN A GAS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/05/20/
VL  - 805
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In the subject of planetesimal formation, several mechanisms have been identified that create dense particle clumps in the solar nebula. The present work is concerned with the gravitational collapse of such clumps, idealized as being spherically symmetric. Fully nonlinear simulations using the two-fluid model are carried out (almost) up to the time when a central density singularity forms. We refer to this as the collapse time. The end result of the study is a parametrization of the collapse time, in order that it may be compared with timescales for various disruptive effects to which clumps may be subject in a particular situation. An important effect that determines the collapse time is that as the clump compresses, it also compresses the gas due to drag. This increases gas pressure, which retards particle collapse and can lead to oscillation in the size and density of the clump. In the limit of particles perfectly coupled to the gas, the characteristic ratio of gravitational force to gas pressure becomes relevant and defines a two-phase Jeans parameter, , which is the classical Jeans parameter with the speed of sound replaced by an effective wave speed in the coupled two-fluid medium. The parameter remains useful even away from the perfect coupling limit because it makes the simulation results insensitive to the initial density ratio of particles to gas (Φ0) as a separate parameter. A simple ordinary differential equation model is developed. It takes the form of two coupled non-linear oscillators and reproduces key features of the simulations. Finally, a parametric study of the time to collapse is performed and a formula (fit to the simulations) is developed. In the incompressible limit collapse time equals the self-sedimentation time, which is inversely proportional to the Stokes number. As increases, the collapse time decreases with and eventually becomes approximately equal to the dynamical time. Values of collapse time versus clump size are given for a minimum-mass solar nebula. Finally, the timescale of clump erosion due to turbulent strain is estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - NEBULAR hypothesis
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL collapse
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PARTICLES
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 102787391; Karim Shariff 1 Jeffrey N. Cuzzi 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/20/2015, Vol. 805 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: NEBULAR hypothesis; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL collapse; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PARTICLES; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/805/1/42
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuin, N. P. M.
AU  - Landsman, W.
AU  - Breeveld, A. A.
AU  - Page, M. J.
AU  - Lamoureux, H.
AU  - James, C.
AU  - Mehdipour, M.
AU  - Still, M.
AU  - Yershov, V.
AU  - Brown, P. J.
AU  - Carter, M.
AU  - Mason, K. O.
AU  - Kennedy, T.
AU  - Marshall, F.
AU  - Roming, P. W. A.
AU  - Siegel, M.
AU  - Oates, S.
AU  - Smith, P. J.
AU  - De Pasquale, M.
T1  - Calibration of the Swift-UVOT ultraviolet and visible grisms.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/05/21/
VL  - 449
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2514
EP  - 2538
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the calibration of the Swift Ultraviolet and Optical Telescope (UVOT) grisms, of which there are two, providing low-resolution field spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and optical bands, respectively. The UV grism covers the range λ1700–5000 Å with a spectral resolution (λ/Δλ) of 75 at λ2600 Å for source magnitudes of u=10–16 mag, while the visible grism covers the range λ2850–6600 Å with a spectral resolution of 100 at λ4000 Å for source magnitudes of b=12–17 mag. This calibration extends over all detector positions, for all modes used during operations. The wavelength accuracy (1σ) is 9 Å in the UV grism clocked mode, 17 Å in the UV grism nominal mode and 22 Å in the visible grism. The range below λ2740 Å in the UV grism and λ5200 Å in the visible grism never suffers from overlapping by higher spectral orders. The flux calibration of the grisms includes a correction we developed for coincidence loss in the detector. The error in the coincidence loss correction is less than 20 per cent. The position of the spectrum on the detector only affects the effective area (sensitivity) by a few per cent in the nominal modes, but varies substantially in the clocked modes. The error in the effective area is from 9 per cent in the UV grism clocked mode to 15 per cent in the visible grism clocked mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - OPTICAL telescopes
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STELLAR magnitudes
KW  - instrumentation: spectrographs
KW  - space vehicles: instruments
KW  - techniques: imaging spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 110315106; Kuin, N. P. M. 1; Email Address: npkuin@gmail.com Landsman, W. 2 Breeveld, A. A. 1 Page, M. J. 1 Lamoureux, H. 1 James, C. 1 Mehdipour, M. 1 Still, M. 3 Yershov, V. 1 Brown, P. J. 4 Carter, M. 1 Mason, K. O. 5 Kennedy, T. 1 Marshall, F. 6 Roming, P. W. A. 7,8,9 Siegel, M. 7 Oates, S. 1,10 Smith, P. J. 1 De Pasquale, M. 1,11; Affiliation:  1: Mullard Space Science Laboratory/University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK  2: Space Telescope Science Institure, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, M/Table S 244-40, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A. and M. University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 4242 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA  5: Satellite Applications Catapult, Fermi Avenue, Harwell Oxford, Oxfordshire OX11 0QR, UK  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 660, MD 20771, USA  7: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Penn State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA  8: Space Science and Engineering Division, Southwest Research Institute, PO Drawer 28510, San Antonio, TX 78228-0510, USA  9: Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Texas at San Antonio, 1 UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA  10: Instituto de Astrofsica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008, Granada, Spain  11: IASF Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, I-90146 Palermo, Italy; Source Info: 5/21/2015, Vol. 449 Issue 3, p2514; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: OPTICAL telescopes; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STELLAR magnitudes; Author-Supplied Keyword: instrumentation: spectrographs; Author-Supplied Keyword: space vehicles: instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: imaging spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv408
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110315106&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bahr, Christopher J.
AU  - Zawodny, Nikolas S.
AU  - Bertolucci, Brandon
AU  - Li, Jian
AU  - Sheplak, Mark
AU  - Cattafesta, Louis N.
T1  - A plasma-based non-intrusive point source for acoustic beamforming applications.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2015/05/26/
VL  - 344
M3  - Article
SP  - 59
EP  - 80
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - A laser-generated plasma acoustic point source is used to directly measure the point spread function (PSF) of a microphone phased array. In beamforming analysis of microphone phased array data, the true acoustic field is convolved with the array׳s PSF. By directly measuring the PSF, corrections to the array analysis can be computed and applied. The acoustic source is measured in an open-jet aeroacoustic facility to evaluate the effects of sampling rate, microphone installation, source shift, reflections, shear layer refraction and model presence. Results show that measurements exhibit behavior consistent with theory with regard to source shift and shear layer refraction. Application of a measured PSF in beamforming analysis shows that the process provides an effective in situ method for array calibration both with and without flow and allows for corrections to incorporate reflections and scattering. The technique improves the agreement of beamforming results with the true spectrum of a known source, especially in the presence of reflections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - BEAMFORMING
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 101344183; Bahr, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: christopher.j.bahr@nasa.gov Zawodny, Nikolas S. 1 Bertolucci, Brandon 2 Li, Jian 3 Sheplak, Mark 4 Cattafesta, Louis N. 5; Affiliation:  1: Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Boeing ANP Laboratories, Boeing Aircraft Company, Seattle, WA, USA  3: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Source Info: May2015, Vol. 344, p59; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: BEAMFORMING; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2015.01.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=101344183&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pusede, Sally E.
AU  - Steiner, Allison L.
AU  - Cohen, Ronald C.
T1  - Temperature and Recent Trends in the Chemistry of Continental Surface Ozone.
JO  - Chemical Reviews
JF  - Chemical Reviews
Y1  - 2015/05/27/
VL  - 115
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3898
EP  - 3918
SN  - 00092665
AB  - The article focuses on ozone (O3) as harmful air pollutant and its temperature and recent trends in chemistry. Topics discussed include introduction to O3 production (PO3) and temperature, chemical mechanisms that lead to high O3 concentrations, nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions, the temperature relationships of chemical factors that control PO3, chemical strategies to mitigate the impacts of warming temperatures and hydrogen oxide (HO) radical production.
KW  - OZONE
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - NITROGEN oxides -- Environmental aspects
KW  - GLOBAL warming -- Prevention
KW  - RADICALS (Chemistry) -- Synthesis
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
N1  - Accession Number: 108514156; Pusede, Sally E. 1,2 Steiner, Allison L. 3 Cohen, Ronald C. 1,4; Email Address: rccohen@berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States  3: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States; Source Info: 5/27/2015, Vol. 115 Issue 10, p3898; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: NITROGEN oxides -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming -- Prevention; Subject Term: RADICALS (Chemistry) -- Synthesis; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/cr5006815
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108514156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gates, Michele
AU  - Stich, Steve
AU  - McDonald, Mark
AU  - Muirhead, Brian
AU  - Mazanek, Dan
AU  - Abell, Paul
AU  - Lopez, Pedro
T1  - The Asteroid Redirect Mission and sustainable human exploration.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 111
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 36
SN  - 00945765
AB  - We present the importance of the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) in the context of the Global Exploration Roadmap and NASA׳s strategy for sustainable human exploration. We also provide status toward baseline of the ARM, including evolution of concept development based on internal NASA analysis and risk reduction, as well as external inputs received. This includes development of mission concept options, key trade studies, and analysis of drivers for both the robotic and crewed mission segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - RISK assessment
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Asteroid Redirect Mission
KW  - Human exploration
KW  - Human Space Exploration
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 102190858; Gates, Michele 1; Email Address: michele.m.gates@nasa.gov Stich, Steve 2; Email Address: j.s.stich@nasa.gov McDonald, Mark 2; Email Address: mark.a.mcdonald@nasa.gov Muirhead, Brian 3; Email Address: brian.k.muirhead@nasa.gov Mazanek, Dan 4; Email Address: daniel.d.mazanek@nasa.gov Abell, Paul 2; Email Address: paul.a.abell@nasa.gov Lopez, Pedro 2; Email Address: pedro.lopez-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Headquarters, USA  2: NASA Johnson Space Center, USA  3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 111, p29; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: RISK assessment; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid Redirect Mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human Space Exploration; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.01.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102190858&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boll, Nathan J.
AU  - Salazar, Denise
AU  - Stelter, Christopher J.
AU  - Landis, Geoffrey A.
AU  - Colozza, Anthony J.
T1  - Venus high temperature atmospheric dropsonde and extreme-environment seismometer (HADES).
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 111
M3  - Article
SP  - 146
EP  - 159
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The atmospheric composition and geologic structure of Venus have been identified by the US National Research Council׳s Decadal Survey for Planetary Science as priority targets for scientific exploration; however, the high temperature and pressure at the surface, along with the highly corrosive chemistry of the Venus atmosphere, present significant obstacles to spacecraft design that have severely limited past and proposed landed missions. Following the methodology of the NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) proposal regime and the Collaborative Modeling and Parametric Assessment of Space Systems (COMPASS) design protocol, this paper presents a conceptual study and initial feasibility analysis for a Discovery-class Venus lander capable of an extended-duration mission at ambient temperature and pressure, incorporating emerging technologies within the field of high temperature electronics in combination with novel configurations of proven, high Technology Readiness Level (TRL) systems. Radioisotope Thermal Power (RTG) systems and silicon carbide (SiC) communications and data handling are examined in detail, and various high-temperature instruments are proposed, including a seismometer and an advanced photodiode imager. The study combines this technological analysis with proposals for a descent instrument package and a relay orbiter to demonstrate the viability of an integrated atmospheric and in-situ geologic exploratory mission that differs from previous proposals by greatly reducing the mass, power requirements, and cost, while achieving important scientific goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SEISMOMETERS
KW  - GEOLOGY
KW  - RADIOISOTOPES
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Geology
KW  - High-temperature
KW  - Lander
KW  - Seismometer
KW  - Venus
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 102190866; Boll, Nathan J. 1; Email Address: njboll@umich.edu Salazar, Denise 2; Email Address: denise.salazar.1210@gmail.com Stelter, Christopher J. 3; Email Address: christopherstelter@gmail.com Landis, Geoffrey A. 4; Email Address: geoffrey.landis@nasa.gov Colozza, Anthony J. 4; Email Address: anthony.j.colozza@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States  2: University of Texas Austin, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, United States  4: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, United States; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 111, p146; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SEISMOMETERS; Subject Term: GEOLOGY; Subject Term: RADIOISOTOPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lander; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seismometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.02.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102190866&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bowers, M.L.
AU  - Gao, Y.
AU  - Yang, L.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.J.
AU  - De Graef, M.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
T1  - Austenite grain refinement during load-biased thermal cycling of a Ni49.9Ti50.1 shape memory alloy.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 91
M3  - Article
SP  - 318
EP  - 329
SN  - 13596454
AB  - A near-equiatomic NiTi shape memory alloy was subjected to a variety of thermomechanical treatments including pure thermal cycling and load-biased thermal cycling to investigate microstructural evolution of the material under actuating conditions. In situ and post mortem scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) was used to study the effects of stress on the development of defect substructures during cycling through the martensitic transformation. High temperature observations of the austenite phase show rapid accumulation of dislocations and moderate deformation twinning upon thermomechanical cycling. Additionally, TEM-based orientation mapping suggests the emergence of fine crystallites from the original coarse austenite grain structure. A possible mechanism is proposed for the observed grain refinement based on the crystallographic theory of martensite transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUSTENITE
KW  - GRAIN refinement
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - Actuation
KW  - Defect analysis
KW  - Microstructural evolution
KW  - Orientation mapping
KW  - SMA
N1  - Accession Number: 102190772; Bowers, M.L. 1 Gao, Y. 1 Yang, L. 1 Gaydosh, D.J. 2,3 De Graef, M. 4 Noebe, R.D. 2 Wang, Y. 1 Mills, M.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, United States  4: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 152213, United States; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 91, p318; Subject Term: AUSTENITE; Subject Term: GRAIN refinement; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Defect analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructural evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orientation mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: SMA; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.03.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102190772&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - Jaiwon Shin
AU  - Kyung M. Song
T1  - Airplanes guy at 'space agency'.
JO  - Aerospace America
JF  - Aerospace America
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Interview
SP  - 14
EP  - 17
SN  - 0740722X
AB  - An interview with National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate administrator Jaiwon Shin is presented. He talks about new technologies in air travel. Shin explains the possibilities for new segments in tube-and-wing aircraft at lower altitude such as small unmanned aerial systems (UAS). He discusses the hybrid wing body configuration for lower noise and fuel consumption. He adds about sharing NASA research with all U.S. aviation industry companies.
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - SHIN, Jaiwon -- Interviews
N1  - Accession Number: 103197154; Jaiwon Shin 1 Kyung M. Song; Email Address: kyungs@aiaa.org; Affiliation:  1: Associate administrator, NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p14; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; People: SHIN, Jaiwon -- Interviews; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Interview
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jinho Lee
AU  - Kuo-Cheng Lin
AU  - Eklund, Dean
T1  - Challenges in Fuel Injection for High-Speed Propulsion Systems.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1405
EP  - 1423
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The article presents a study which investigated the effects of fuel, fuel injection, mixing and combustion on propulsion performance of high-speed airbreathing propulsion systems. Topics covered include the use of fuel penetration and mixing characteristics in the design process for a typical high-speed combustor flowpath, liquid-fuel injectors and insights obtained from latest studies conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
KW  - INTERNAL combustion engines
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - ENGINEERING systems
KW  - FUEL
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 103017308; Jinho Lee 1 Kuo-Cheng Lin 2 Eklund, Dean 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Taitech, Inc., Beavercreek, Ohio 45430  3: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1405; Subject Term: INTERNAL combustion engines; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: ENGINEERING systems; Subject Term: FUEL; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454310 Fuel Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 454319 Other fuel dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333619 Other engine and power transmission equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336310 Motor Vehicle Gasoline Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053280
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103017308&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, M. G.
AU  - Watson, W. R.
AU  - Howerton, B. M.
AU  - Busse-Gerstengarbe, S.
T1  - Effects of Mean Flow Assumption and Harmonic Distortion on Impedance Education Methods.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1503
EP  - 1514
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This investigation uses methods based on the Pridmore-Brown and converted Helmholtz equations to study the acoustic behavior of a single-layer, conventional liner fabricated by DLR, German Aerospace Center and tested in the NASA Langley Grazing Flow Impedance Tube. Two key assumptions are explored in this investigation. First, a comparison of results achieved with uniform-flow and shear-flow impedance education methods is considered. Second, an approach based on the Prony method is used to extend these methods from single-mode to multimode implementations. In addition, a detailed study into the effects of harmonic distortion on the educed impedance is performed, and the results are used to develop guidelines regarding acceptable levels of harmonic distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC impedance
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HARMONIC distortion (Physics)
KW  - HELMHOLTZ equation
KW  - PHYSICAL acoustics
KW  - SOUND pressure measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 103017316; Jones, M. G. 1 Watson, W. R. 2 Howerton, B. M. 3 Busse-Gerstengarbe, S. 4; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Research Directorate, Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Scientist, Research Directorate, Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: Research Scientist, Research Directorate, Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Research Assistant, Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Engineering Acoustics, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1503; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC impedance; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HARMONIC distortion (Physics); Subject Term: HELMHOLTZ equation; Subject Term: PHYSICAL acoustics; Subject Term: SOUND pressure measurement; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053399
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103017316&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mankbadi, M. R.
AU  - Georgiadis, N. J.
T1  - Examination of Parameters Affecting Large-Eddy Simulations of Flow Past a Square Cylinder.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1706
EP  - 1712
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A study which examined the flow over a square cylinder with emphasis on the numerical uncertainties arising from truncation of the spanwise extent and spatial resolution of spanwise periodic flows using large-eddy simulation (LES) is presented. Topics covered include examination of several domain widths, performing implicit LES over a rectangular cylinder, boundary conditions and numerical sensitivities to mesh size.
KW  - LARGE eddy simulation models
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Computer simulation
KW  - CYLINDERS (Engines)
N1  - Accession Number: 103017331; Mankbadi, M. R. 1 Georgiadis, N. J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1706; Subject Term: LARGE eddy simulation models; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Computer simulation; Subject Term: CYLINDERS (Engines); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053684
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103017331&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BARSHI, IMMANUEL
T1  - From Healy's Training Principles to Training Specifications: The Case of the Comprehensive LOFT.
JO  - American Journal of Psychology
JF  - American Journal of Psychology
Y1  - 2015///Summer2015
VL  - 128
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 219
EP  - 227
SN  - 00029556
AB  - Alice Healy has dedicated much of her work to questions of skill acquisition, retention, and transfer. In the process, she has come to identify numerous training principles that have been shown to promote the acquisition, retention, and transfer of knowledge and skills in laboratory studies. The goal of this article is to translate some of the training principles offered by Healy and her colleagues (Healy, Schneider, & Bourne, 2012) into real-world, practical training specifications for the particular context of pilot training at the airline level. The training approach described here suggests structuring all of airline pilot training as line-oriented flight training (LOFT), where the notion of "line" refers to the air-line drawn on a map between a departure airport and a destination airport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Psychology is the property of University of Illinois Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PSYCHOLOGISTS
KW  - FLIGHT training
KW  - KNOWLEDGE transfer (Communication)
KW  - AIRLINE industry
KW  - PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects
KW  - HEALY, Alice F.
N1  - Accession Number: 102743807; BARSHI, IMMANUEL 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, California; Source Info: Summer2015, Vol. 128 Issue 2, p219; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGISTS; Subject Term: FLIGHT training; Subject Term: KNOWLEDGE transfer (Communication); Subject Term: AIRLINE industry; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGICAL aspects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481111 Scheduled Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 611512 Flight Training; People: HEALY, Alice F.; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Urschel, Matthew R.
AU  - Kubo, Michael D.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Peters, John W.
AU  - Boyd, Eric S.
T1  - Carbon Source Preference in Chemosynthetic Hot Spring Communities.
JO  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Applied & Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 81
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3834
EP  - 3847
SN  - 00992240
AB  - Rates of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), formate, and acetate mineralization and/or assimilation were determined in 13 high-temperature (>73°C) hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP), Wyoming, in order to evaluate the relative importance of these substrates in supporting microbial metabolism. While 9 of the hot spring communities exhibited rates of DIC assimilation that were greater than those of formate and acetate assimilation, 2 exhibited rates of formate and/or acetate assimilation that exceeded those of DIC assimilation. Overall rates of DIC, formate, and acetate mineralization and assimilation were positively correlated with spring pH but showed little correlation with temperature. Communities sampled from hot springs with similar geochemistries generally exhibited similar rates of substrate transformation, as well as similar community compositions, as revealed by 16S rRNA gene-tagged sequencing. Amendment of microcosms with small (micromolar) amounts of formate suppressed DIC assimilation in short-term (<45- min) incubations, despite the presence of native DIC concentrations that exceeded those of added formate by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. The concentration of added formate required to suppress DIC assimilation was similar to the affinity constant (Km) for formate transformation, as determined by community kinetic assays. These results suggest that dominant chemoautotrophs in hightemperature communities are facultatively autotrophic or mixotrophic, are adapted to fluctuating nutrient availabilities, and are capable of taking advantage of energy-rich organic substrates when they become available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied & Environmental Microbiology is the property of American Society for Microbiology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMOSYNTHESIS (Biochemistry)
KW  - HOT springs
KW  - RIBOSOMAL RNA
KW  - MICROBIAL metabolism
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 103558304; Urschel, Matthew R. 1,2 Kubo, Michael D. 3 Hoehler, Tori M. 3 Peters, John W. 2,4 Boyd, Eric S. 1,2; Email Address: eboyd@montana.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA  2: Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, USA  4: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 81 Issue 11, p3834; Subject Term: CHEMOSYNTHESIS (Biochemistry); Subject Term: HOT springs; Subject Term: RIBOSOMAL RNA; Subject Term: MICROBIAL metabolism; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1128/AEM.00511-15
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beck, Benjamin S.
AU  - Schiller, Noah H.
AU  - Jones, Michael G.
T1  - Impedance assessment of a dual-resonance acoustic liner.
JO  - Applied Acoustics
JF  - Applied Acoustics
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 22
SN  - 0003682X
AB  - Acoustic liners are commonly used to reduce noise from commercial aircraft engines. Engine liners are placed in the nacelle inlet and aft bypass duct to attenuate the noise radiated from the engine. Traditional engine liners are constructed of a perforated facesheet over a honeycomb structure to create a quarter-wave absorber. With this design, the low frequency performance of the liner is limited by the depth of the honeycomb. However, with advances in engine design, lower frequency sound absorption is becoming more critical while liner depth must be minimized. Acoustic metamaterials can exhibit unique acoustic behavior using periodically arranged sub-wavelength resonators. Researchers have shown that acoustic metamaterials can effectively block the propagation of low-frequency acoustic waves. Therefore, acoustic metamaterial-inspired concepts are being investigated to improve the low frequency performance of engine liners. A proposed dual-resonance liner is presented here that combines the idea of a Helmholtz resonator metamaterial with a traditional quarter-wave acoustic liner. The low frequency acoustic absorption of a traditional liner can be significantly increased by adding a second, low frequency resonance to the system. The normal incidence absorption coefficient of the proposed liner is more than 10 times larger than a conventional honeycomb liner at the designed Helmholtz resonance frequency while retaining similar performance at higher frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Acoustics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC impedance
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors -- Noise
KW  - HONEYCOMB structures
KW  - METAMATERIALS
KW  - HELMHOLTZ resonators
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Acoustic liners
KW  - Noise control
N1  - Accession Number: 101342241; Beck, Benjamin S. 1; Email Address: ben.beck@nasa.gov Schiller, Noah H. 2 Jones, Michael G. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, 100 Exploration Way, Hampton, VA 23666-6186, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 North Dryden Street (MS 463, Bldg 1208), Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 93, p15; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC impedance; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors -- Noise; Subject Term: HONEYCOMB structures; Subject Term: METAMATERIALS; Subject Term: HELMHOLTZ resonators; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic liners; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise control; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apacoust.2015.01.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schuerger, Andrew C.
AU  - Lee, Pascal
T1  - Microbial Ecology of a Crewed Rover Traverse in the Arctic: Low Microbial Dispersal and Implications for Planetary Protection on Human Mars Missions.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 15
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 478
EP  - 491
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Between April 2009 and July 2011, the NASA Haughton-Mars Project (HMP) led the Northwest Passage Drive Expedition (NWPDX), a multi-staged long-distance crewed rover traverse along the Northwest Passage in the Arctic. In April 2009, the HMP Okarian rover was driven 496 km over sea ice along the Northwest Passage, from Kugluktuk to Cambridge Bay, Nunavut, Canada. During the traverse, crew members collected samples from within the rover and from undisturbed snow-covered surfaces around the rover at three locations. The rover samples and snow samples were stored at subzero conditions (−20°C to −1°C) until processed for microbial diversity in labs at the NASA Kennedy Space Center, Florida. The objective was to determine the extent of microbial dispersal away from the rover and onto undisturbed snow. Interior surfaces of the rover were found to be associated with a wide range of bacteria (69 unique taxa) and fungi (16 unique taxa). In contrast, snow samples from the upwind, downwind, uptrack, and downtrack sample sites exterior to the rover were negative for both bacteria and fungi except for two colony-forming units (cfus) recovered from one downwind (1 cfu; site A4) and one uptrack (1 cfu; site B6) sample location. The fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus (GenBank JX517279), and closely related bacteria in the genus Brevibacillus were recovered from both snow ( B. agri, GenBank JX517278) and interior rover surfaces. However, it is unknown whether the microorganisms were deposited onto snow surfaces at the time of sample collection ( i.e., from the clothing or skin of the human operator) or via airborne dispersal from the rover during the 12-18 h layovers at the sites prior to collection. Results support the conclusion that a crewed rover traveling over previously undisturbed terrain may not significantly contaminate the local terrain via airborne dispersal of propagules from the vehicle. Key Words: Planetary protection-Contamination-Habitability-Haughton Crater-Mars. Astrobiology 15, xxx-xxx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 103169017; Schuerger, Andrew C. 1 Lee, Pascal 2,3,4; Affiliation:  1: University of Florida, Space Life Sciences Lab, Kennedy Space Center, Florida.  2: Mars Institute, Moffett Field, California.  3: SETI Institute, Moffett Field, California.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 15 Issue 6, p478; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2015.1289
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103169017&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ryan, E. L.
AU  - Mizuno, D. R.
AU  - Shenoy, S. S.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
AU  - Carey, S. J.
AU  - Noriega-Crespo, A.
AU  - Kraemer, K. E.
AU  - Price, S. D.
T1  - The kilometer-sized Main Belt asteroid population revealed by Spitzer.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 578
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Aims. Multi-epoch Spitzer Space Telescope 24 µm data is utilized from the MIPSGAL and Taurus Legacy surveys to detect asteroids based on their relative motion. Methods. Infrared detections are matched to known asteroids and average diameters and albedos are derived using the near Earth asteroid thermal model (NEATM) for 1865 asteroids ranging in size from 0.2 to 169 km. A small subsample of these objects was also detected by IRAS or MSX and the single wavelength albedo and diameter fits derived from these data are within the uncertainties of the IRAS and/or MSX derived albedos and diameters and available occultation diameters, which demonstrates the robustness of our technique. Results. The mean geometric albedo of the small Main Belt asteroids in this sample is pV = 0.134 with a sample standard deviation of 0.106. The albedo distribution of this sample is far more diverse than the IRAS or MSX samples. The cumulative size-frequency distribution of asteroids in the Main Belt at small diameters is directly derived and a 3σ deviation from the fitted size-frequency distribution slope is found near 8 km. Completeness limits of the optical and infrared surveys are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - PLANETESIMALS
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - asteroids: general
KW  - infrared: general
KW  - minor planets
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 103437779; Ryan, E. L. 1,2; Email Address: erin.l.ryan@nasa.gov Mizuno, D. R. 3 Shenoy, S. S. 4 Woodward, C. E. 5 Carey, S. J. 6 Noriega-Crespo, A. 7 Kraemer, K. E. 8 Price, S. D. 8; Affiliation:  1: University of Maryland, Department of Astronomy, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 693, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 0276-3862, USA  4: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N232-12, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Minnesota Institute of Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  6: Spitzer Science Center, MS 220-6, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  8: Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, 855 Centre Street, Newton, MA 02459, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 578, p1; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: PLANETESIMALS; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: asteroids: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: minor planets; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201321375
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103437779&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sandell, G.
AU  - Mookerjea, B.
AU  - Güsten, R.
AU  - Requena-Torres, M. A.
AU  - Riquelme, D.
AU  - Okada, Y.
T1  - High spectral and spatial resolution observations of the PDR emission in the NGC 2023 reflection nebula with SOFIA and APEX.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 578
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 00046361
AB  - We have mapped the NGC 2023 reflection nebula in [Cii] and CO(11-10) with the heterodyne receiver GREAT on SOFIA and obtained slightly smaller maps in 13CO(3-2), CO(3-2), CO(4-3), CO(6-5), and CO(7-6) with APEX in Chile. We use these data to probe the morphology, kinematics, and physical conditions of the C ii region, which is ionized by FUV radiation from the B2 star HD37903. The [Cii] emission traces an ellipsoidal shell-like region at a position angle of ~-50, and is surrounded by a hot molecular shell. In the southeast, where the C ii region expands into a dense, clumpy molecular cloud ridge, we see narrow and strong line emission from high-J CO lines, which comes from a thin, hot molecular shell surrounding the [C II] emission. The [C II] lines are broader and show photo evaporating gas flowing into the C II region. Based on the strength of the [13CII] F = 2-1 line, the [CII] line appears to be somewhat optically thick over most of the nebula with an optical depth of a few. We model the physical conditions of the surrounding molecular cloud and the PDR emission using both RADEX and simple PDR models. The temperature of the CO emitting PDR shell is ~90-120 K, with densities of 105-106 cm-3, as deduced from RADEX modeling. Our PDR modeling indicates that the PDR layer where [C II] emission dominates has somewhat lower densities, 104 to a few times 105 cm-3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - SUBMILLIMETER astronomy
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - ISM: clouds
KW  - ISM: individual objects: NGC 2023
KW  - ISM: lines and bands
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - photon-dominated region (PDR)
KW  - submillimeter: ISM
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 103437882; Sandell, G. 1; Email Address: Goran.H.Sandell@nasa.gov Mookerjea, B. 2; Email Address: bhaswati@tifr.res.in Güsten, R. 3 Requena-Torres, M. A. 3 Riquelme, D. 3 Okada, Y. 4; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA-USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-12, Building N232, Rm. 146, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  2: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, 400005 Mumbai, India  3: Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn, Germany  4: I. Physikalisches Institut der Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 578, p1; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: SUBMILLIMETER astronomy; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: individual objects: NGC 2023; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: lines and bands; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: photon-dominated region (PDR); Author-Supplied Keyword: submillimeter: ISM; Company/Entity: STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201525881
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Viacheslav M. Sadykov
AU  - Santiago Vargas Dominguez
AU  - Alexander G. Kosovichev
AU  - Ivan N. Sharykin
AU  - Alexei B. Struminsky
AU  - Ivan Zimovets
T1  - PROPERTIES OF CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION AND PLASMA DYNAMICS OF A SOLAR FLARE FROM IRIS OBSERVATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06//6/1/2015
VL  - 805
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The dynamics of hot chromospheric plasma of solar flares is a key to understanding the mechanisms of flare energy release and particle acceleration. A moderate M1.0 class flare of 2014 June 12, (SOL2014-06-12T21:12) was simultaneously observed by NASA's Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and other spacecraft, and also by the New Solar Telescope at the BBSO. This paper presents the first part of our investigation focused on analysis of the IRIS data. Our analysis of the IRIS data in different spectral lines reveals a strong redshifted jet-like flow with a speed of ∼100 km s−1 of the chromospheric material before the flare. Strong nonthermal emission of the C ii k 1334.5 Å line, formed in the chromosphere–corona transition region, is observed at the beginning of the impulsive phase in several small (with a size of ∼1″) points. It is also found that the C ii k line is redshifted across the flaring region before, during, and after the impulsive phase. A peak of integrated emission of the hot (1.1 · 107 K) plasma in the Fe xxi 1354.1 Å line is detected approximately five minutes after the integrated emission peak of the lower temperature C ii k. A strong blueshift of the Fe xxi line across the flaring region corresponds to evaporation flows of the hot chromospheric plasma with a speed of 50 km s−1. Additional analysis of the RHESSI data supports the idea that the upper chromospheric dynamics observed by IRIS has features of “gentle” evaporation driven by heating of the solar chromosphere by accelerated electrons and by a heat flux from the flare energy release site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - PARTICLE acceleration
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - STELLAR chromospheres
KW  - SOLAR activity
N1  - Accession Number: 103021602; Viacheslav M. Sadykov 1,2,3,4 Santiago Vargas Dominguez 1,5 Alexander G. Kosovichev 1,2 Ivan N. Sharykin 3 Alexei B. Struminsky 3,4 Ivan Zimovets 3; Affiliation:  1: Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Big Bear City, CA 92314, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Research Institute (IKI) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia  4: Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia  5: Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; Source Info: 6/1/2015, Vol. 805 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: PARTICLE acceleration; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: STELLAR chromospheres; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/805/2/167
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wild, Martin
AU  - Folini, Doris
AU  - Hakuba, Maria
AU  - Schär, Christoph
AU  - Seneviratne, Sonia
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Rutan, David
AU  - Ammann, Christof
AU  - Wood, Eric
AU  - König-Langlo, Gert
T1  - The energy balance over land and oceans: an assessment based on direct observations and CMIP5 climate models.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 44
IS  - 11/12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3393
EP  - 3429
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 09307575
AB  - The energy budgets over land and oceans are still afflicted with considerable uncertainties, despite their key importance for terrestrial and maritime climates. We evaluate these budgets as represented in 43 CMIP5 climate models with direct observations from both surface and space and identify substantial biases, particularly in the surface fluxes of downward solar and thermal radiation. These flux biases in the various models are then linearly related to their respective land and ocean means to infer best estimates for present day downward solar and thermal radiation over land and oceans. Over land, where most direct observations are available to constrain the surface fluxes, we obtain 184 and 306 Wm for solar and thermal downward radiation, respectively. Over oceans, with weaker observational constraints, corresponding estimates are around 185 and 356 Wm. Considering additionally surface albedo and emissivity, we infer a surface absorbed solar and net thermal radiation of 136 and −66 Wm over land, and 170 and −53 Wm over oceans, respectively. The surface net radiation is thus estimated at 70 Wm over land and 117 Wm over oceans, which may impose additional constraints on the poorly known sensible/latent heat flux magnitudes, estimated here near 32/38 Wm over land, and 16/100 Wm over oceans. Estimated uncertainties are on the order of 10 and 5 Wm for most surface and TOA fluxes, respectively. By combining these surface budgets with satellite-determined TOA budgets we quantify the atmospheric energy budgets as residuals (including ocean to land transports), and revisit the global mean energy balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAND use -- Environmental aspects
KW  - OCEAN -- Environmental conditions
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - HEAT -- Radiation & absorption
KW  - CMIP5
KW  - Global climate models
KW  - Global energy balance
KW  - Radiation budget
KW  - Surface and satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 102715784; Wild, Martin 1; Email Address: martin.wild@env.ethz.ch Folini, Doris 1 Hakuba, Maria 1 Schär, Christoph 1 Seneviratne, Sonia 1 Kato, Seiji 2 Rutan, David 2 Ammann, Christof 3 Wood, Eric 4 König-Langlo, Gert 5; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Universitätsstr. 16 8092 Zurich Switzerland  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Boulevard Hampton 23681-2199 USA  3: Research Station Agroscope, Climate and Air Pollution Group, Reckenholzstr. 191 8046 Zurich Switzerland  4: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton 08544 USA  5: Alfred Wegener Institute, Bussestrasse 24 27570 Bremerhaven Germany; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 44 Issue 11/12, p3393; Subject Term: LAND use -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: OCEAN -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: HEAT -- Radiation & absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMIP5; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global climate models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface and satellite observations; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-014-2430-z
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hultquist, G.
AU  - Graham, M.J.
AU  - Kodra, O.
AU  - Moisa, S.
AU  - Liu, R.
AU  - Bexell, U.
AU  - Smialek, J.L.
T1  - Corrosion of copper in distilled water without O2 and the detection of produced hydrogen.
JO  - Corrosion Science
JF  - Corrosion Science
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 95
M3  - Article
SP  - 162
EP  - 167
SN  - 0010938X
AB  - This paper reports on hydrogen pressures measured during ∼19,000 h immersion of copper in oxygen-free liquid distilled water. Copper corrosion products have been examined ex-situ by SEM and characterized by XPS and SIMS. XPS strongly indicates a corrosion product containing both oxygen and hydrogen. SIMS shows that oxygen is mainly present in the outer 0.3 μm surface region and that hydrogen penetrates to depths well below the corrosion product. Thermal desorption spectroscopy shows that the reaction product formed near room-temperature is less stable than that formed in air at 350 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Corrosion Science is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COPPER -- Corrosion
KW  - DISTILLED water
KW  - OXYGEN in water
KW  - HYDROGEN production
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - HYDROGEN -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - THERMAL desorption
KW  - A. Copper
KW  - B. AES
KW  - B. SIMS
KW  - B. XPS
KW  - C. Hydrogen absorption
KW  - C. Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 102074940; Hultquist, G. 1; Email Address: gunnarh@kth.se Graham, M.J. 2 Kodra, O. 3 Moisa, S. 3 Liu, R. 4 Bexell, U. 5 Smialek, J.L. 6; Affiliation:  1: Surface and Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden  2: Aerospace, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada  3: Electronic and Photonic Materials, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada  4: Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 117551 Singapore, Singapore  5: Dalarna University, SE-791 88 Falun, Sweden  6: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44 135, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 95, p162; Subject Term: COPPER -- Corrosion; Subject Term: DISTILLED water; Subject Term: OXYGEN in water; Subject Term: HYDROGEN production; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: HYDROGEN -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: THERMAL desorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. AES; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. SIMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. XPS; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Hydrogen absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.03.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, J.W.
AU  - Darr, S.R.
AU  - McQuillen, J.B.
AU  - Rame, E.
AU  - Chato, D.J.
T1  - Corrigendum to “A steady state pressure drop model for screen channel liquid acquisition devices” [Cryogenics 64 (November–December) (2014) 260–271].
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 68
M3  - Article
SP  - 67
EP  - 67
SN  - 00112275
KW  - ERRATA (Publishing)
KW  - STEADY state conduction
KW  - PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 102074224; Hartwig, J.W. 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Darr, S.R. 2 McQuillen, J.B. 3 Rame, E. 4 Chato, D.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Propulsion and Propellants Branch, Glenn Research Center, United States  2: University of Florida, United States  3: Fluid Physics and Transport Branch, Glenn Research Center, United States  4: National Center for Microgravity Research, Glenn Research Center, United States; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 68, p67; Subject Term: ERRATA (Publishing); Subject Term: STEADY state conduction; Subject Term: PRESSURE drop (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.04.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102074224&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parsani, Matteo
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
AU  - Nielsen, Eric J.
T1  - Entropy stable discontinuous interfaces coupling for the three-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 290
M3  - Article
SP  - 132
EP  - 138
SN  - 00219991
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - THEORY of equations
KW  - EQUATIONS in fluid mechanics
KW  - Compressible Navier–Stokes equations
KW  - Discontinuous interface coupling
KW  - Entropy stability
KW  - High order discontinuous methods
KW  - Summation-by-parts (SBP) operators
N1  - Accession Number: 101940610; Parsani, Matteo 1; Email Address: matteo.parsani@nasa.gov Carpenter, Mark H. 1; Email Address: mark.h.carpenter@nasa.gov Nielsen, Eric J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.nielsen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 290, p132; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: THEORY of equations; Subject Term: EQUATIONS in fluid mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressible Navier–Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous interface coupling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order discontinuous methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Summation-by-parts (SBP) operators; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.02.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keil, Klaus
AU  - Zucolotto, Maria E.
AU  - Krot, Alexander N.
AU  - Doyle, Patricia M.
AU  - Telus, Myriam
AU  - Krot, Tatiana V.
AU  - Greenwood, Richard C.
AU  - Franchi, Ian A.
AU  - Wasson, John T.
AU  - Welten, Kees C.
AU  - Caffee, Marc W.
AU  - Sears, Derek W. G.
AU  - Riebe, My
AU  - Wieler, Rainer
AU  - Santos, Edivaldo
AU  - Scorzelli, Rosa B.
AU  - Gattacceca, Jerome
AU  - Lagroix, France
AU  - Laubenstein, Matthias
AU  - Mendes, Julio C.
T1  - The Vicência meteorite fall: A new unshocked (S1) weakly metamorphosed (3.2) LL chondrite.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1089
EP  - 1111
SN  - 10869379
AB  - The Vicência meteorite, a stone of 1.547 kg, fell on September 21, 2013, at the village Borracha, near the city of Vicência, Pernambuco, Brazil. It was recovered immediately after the fall, and our consortium study showed it to be an unshocked (S1) LL3.2 ordinary chondrite. The LL group classification is based on the bulk density (3.13 g cm−3); the chondrule mean apparent diameter (0.9 mm); the bulk oxygen isotopic composition (δ17O = 3.768 ± 0.042‰, δ18O = 5.359 ± 0.042‰, Δ17O = 0.981 ± 0.020‰); the content of metallic Fe,Ni (1.8 vol%); the Co content of kamacite (1.73 wt%); the bulk contents of the siderophile elements Ir and Co versus Au; and the ratios of metallic Fe0/total iron (0.105) versus total Fe/Mg (1.164), and of Ni/Mg (0.057) versus total Fe/Mg. The petrologic type 3.2 classification is indicated by the beautifully developed chondritic texture, the standard deviation (~0.09) versus mean Cr2O3 content (~0.14 wt%) of ferroan olivine, the TL sensitivity and the peak temperature and peak width at half maximum, the cathodoluminescence properties of chondrules, the content of trapped 132Xetr (0.317 × 10−8cm3 STP g−1), and the Raman spectra for organic material in the matrix. The cosmic ray exposure age is ~72 Ma, which is at the upper end of the age distribution of LL group chondrites. The meteorite is unusual in that it contains relatively large, up to nearly 100 μm in size, secondary fayalite grains, defined as olivine with Fa>75, large enough to allow in situ measurement of oxygen and Mn-Cr isotope systematics with SIMS. Its oxygen isotopes plot along a mass-dependent fractionation line with a slope of ~0.5 and Δ17O of 4.0 ± 0.3‰, and are similar to those of secondary fayalite and magnetite in the unequilibrated chondrites EET 90161, MET 96503, and Ngawi. These data suggest that secondary fayalite in Vicência was in equilibrium with a fluid with a Δ17O of ~4‰, consistent with the composition of the fluid in equilibrium with secondary magnetite and fayalite in other unequilibrated ordinary chondrites. Secondary fayalite and the chondrule olivine phenocrysts in Vicência are not in isotopic equilibrium, consistent with low-temperature formation of fayalite during aqueous alteration on the LL parent body. That alteration, as dated by the 53Mn-53Cr chronology age of secondary fayalite, took place [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - RAMAN spectra
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - CONDENSED matter -- Optical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 102898965; Keil, Klaus 1 Zucolotto, Maria E. 2 Krot, Alexander N. 1 Doyle, Patricia M. 1 Telus, Myriam 1 Krot, Tatiana V. 1 Greenwood, Richard C. 3 Franchi, Ian A. 3 Wasson, John T. 4 Welten, Kees C. 5 Caffee, Marc W. 6 Sears, Derek W. G. 7 Riebe, My 8 Wieler, Rainer 8 Santos, Edivaldo 9 Scorzelli, Rosa B. 9 Gattacceca, Jerome 10 Lagroix, France 11 Laubenstein, Matthias 12 Mendes, Julio C. 13; Affiliation:  1: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa  2: Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista-RJ  3: Planetary and Space Sciences, The Open University  4: Departments of Earth and Space Sciences and Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California  5: Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California  6: Department of Physics, Purdue University  7: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center  8: Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich  9: Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas  10: CEREGE UM 34, CNRS/Aix-Marseille University  11: IPGP  12: Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare  13: Departamento de Geologia, UFRJ; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1089; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: RAMAN spectra; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: CONDENSED matter -- Optical properties; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12456
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Timothy A.
AU  - Rowlands, Kate
AU  - Allison, James R.
AU  - Shabala, Stanislav S.
AU  - Yuan-Sen Ting
AU  - del P. Lagos, Claudia
AU  - Kaviraj, Sugata
AU  - Bourne, Nathan
AU  - Dunne, Loretta
AU  - Eales, Steve
AU  - Ivison, Rob. J.
AU  - Maddox, Steve
AU  - Smith, Daniel J. B.
AU  - Smith, Matthew W. L.
AU  - Temi, Pasquale
T1  - Molecular and atomic gas in dust lane early-type galaxies - I. Low star formation efficiencies in minor merger remnants.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/06//6/1/2015
VL  - 449
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3503
EP  - 3516
SN  - 00358711
AB  - In this work we present IRAM 30-m telescope observations of a sample of bulge-dominated galaxies with large dust lanes, which have had a recent minor merger. We find these galaxies are very gas rich, with H2 masses between 4 × 108 and 2 × 1010 M☉. We use these molecular gas masses, combined with atomic gas masses from an accompanying paper, to calculate gas-to-dust and gas-to-stellar-mass ratios. The gas-to-dust ratios of our sample objects vary widely (between ≈50 and 750), suggesting many objects have low gas-phase metallicities, and thus that the gas has been accreted through a recent merger with a lower mass companion. We calculate the implied minor companion masses and gas fractions, finding a median predicted stellar mass ratio of ≈40:1. The minor companion likely had masses between ≈107 and 1010 M☉. The implied merger mass ratios are consistent with the expectation for low-redshift gas-rich mergers from simulations. We then go on to present evidence that (no matter which star formation rate indicator is used) our sample objects have very low star formation efficiencies (star formation rate per unit gas mass), lower even than the early-type galaxies from ATLAS3D which already show a suppression. This suggests that minor mergers can actually suppress star formation activity. We discuss mechanisms that could cause such a suppression, include dynamical effects induced by the minor merger. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - elliptical and lenticular - cD - galaxies
KW  - evolution - galaxies
KW  - interactions - galaxies
KW  - ISM
KW  - molecules - galaxies
N1  - Accession Number: 102816649; Davis, Timothy A. 1,2; Email Address: t.davis4@herts.ac.uk Rowlands, Kate 3 Allison, James R. 4 Shabala, Stanislav S. 5 Yuan-Sen Ting 6 del P. Lagos, Claudia 1,7 Kaviraj, Sugata 2 Bourne, Nathan 8 Dunne, Loretta 8,9 Eales, Steve 10 Ivison, Rob. J. 1,8 Maddox, Steve 8,9 Smith, Daniel J. B. 2 Smith, Matthew W. L. 10 Temi, Pasquale 11; Affiliation:  1: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany  2: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Herts AL1 9AB, UK  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK  4: CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, PO Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710, Australia  5: School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 37, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia  6: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  7: International Centre for Radio Astronomy (ICRAR), University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, 8140 Christchurch, New Zealand  10: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK  11: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 6/1/2015, Vol. 449 Issue 4, p3503; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Author-Supplied Keyword: elliptical and lenticular - cD - galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: evolution - galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: interactions - galaxies; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecules - galaxies; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv597
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marocco, F.
AU  - Jones, H. R. A.
AU  - Day-Jones, A. C.
AU  - Pinfield, D. J.
AU  - Lucas, P. W.
AU  - Burningham, B.
AU  - Zhang, Z. H.
AU  - Smart, R. L.
AU  - Gomes, J. I.
AU  - Smith, L.
T1  - A large spectroscopic sample of L and T dwarfs from UKIDSS LAS: peculiar objects, binaries, and space density.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/06//6/1/2015
VL  - 449
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3651
EP  - 3692
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the spectroscopic analysis of a large sample of late-M, L, and T dwarfs from the United Kingdom Deep Infrared Sky Survey. Using the YJHK photometry from the Large Area Survey and the red-optical photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey we selected a sample of 262 brown dwarf candidates and we have followed-up 196 of them using the echelle spectrograph X-shooter on the Very Large Telescope. The large wavelength coverage (0.30-2.48 μm) and moderate resolution (R ~ 5000-9000) of X-shooter allowed us to identify peculiar objects including 22 blue L dwarfs, 2 blue T dwarfs, and 2 low-gravity M dwarfs. Using a spectral indices-based technique, we identified 27 unresolved binary candidates, for which we have determined the spectral type of the potential components via spectral deconvolution. The spectra allowed us to measure the equivalent width of the prominent absorption features and to compare them to atmospheric models. Cross-correlating the spectra with a radial velocity standard, we measured the radial velocity of our targets, and we determined the distribution of the sample, which is centred at -1.7 ± 1.2 km s-1 with a dispersion of 31.5 km s-1. Using our results, we estimated the space density of field brown dwarfs and compared it with the results of numerical simulations. Depending on the binary fraction, we found that there are (0.85 ± 0.55) × 10-3 to (1.00 ± 0.64) × 10-3 objects per cubic parsec in the L4-L6.5 range, (0.73 ± 0.47) × 10-3 to (0.85 ± 0.55) × 10-3 objects per cubic parsec in the L7-T0.5 range, and (0.74 ± 0.48) × 10-3 to (0.88 ± 0.56) × 10-3 objects per cubic parsec in the T1-T4.5 range. We notice that there seems to be an excess of objects in the L-T transition with respect to the late-T dwarfs, a discrepancy that could be explained assuming a higher binary fraction than expected for the L-T transition, or that objects in the high-mass end and low-mass end of this regime form in different environments, i.e. following different initial mass functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF galaxies
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - ECHELLE gratings
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - binaries
KW  - low-mass - stars
KW  - luminosity function
KW  - mass function
KW  - spectroscopic - brown dwarfs - stars
KW  - SLOAN Digital Sky Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 102816610; Marocco, F. 1; Email Address: f.marocco@herts.ac.uk Jones, H. R. A. 1 Day-Jones, A. C. 1 Pinfield, D. J. 1 Lucas, P. W. 1 Burningham, B. 1,2 Zhang, Z. H. 1,3 Smart, R. L. 4 Gomes, J. I. 1 Smith, L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Instituto de Astrofisica de Canaria (IAC), C/Vía Láctea s/n, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  4: INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Strada Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy; Source Info: 6/1/2015, Vol. 449 Issue 4, p3651; Subject Term: DWARF galaxies; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: ECHELLE gratings; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries; Author-Supplied Keyword: low-mass - stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: luminosity function; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass function; Author-Supplied Keyword: spectroscopic - brown dwarfs - stars; Company/Entity: SLOAN Digital Sky Survey; Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv530
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Busch, D. Shallin
AU  - O'Donnell, Michael J.
AU  - Hauri, Claudine
AU  - Mach, Katharine J.
AU  - Poach, Matthew
AU  - Doney, Scott C.
AU  - Signorini, Sergio R.
T1  - Understanding, Characterizing, and Communicating Responses to Ocean Acidification.
JO  - Oceanography
JF  - Oceanography
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 39
SN  - 10428275
AB  - Over the past decade, ocean acidification (OA) has emerged as a major concern in ocean science. The field of OA is based on certainties--uptake of carbon dioxide into the global ocean alters its carbon chemistry, and many marine organisms, especially calcifiers, are sensitive to this change. However, the field must accommodate uncertainties about the seriousness of these impacts as it synthesizes and draws conclusions from multiple disciplines. There is pressure from stakeholders to expeditiously inform society about the extent to which OA will impact marine ecosystems and the people who depend on them. Ultimately, decisions about actions related to OA require evaluating risks about the likelihood and magnitude of these impacts. As the scientific literature accumulates, some of the uncertainty related to single-species sensitivity to OA is diminishing. Difficulties remain in scaling laboratory results to species and ecosystem responses in nature, though modeling exercises provide useful insight. As recognition of OA grows, scientists' ability to communicate the certainties and uncertainties of our knowledge on OA is crucial for interaction with decision makers. In this regard, there are a number of valuable practices that can be drawn from other fields, especially the global climate change community. A generally accepted set of best practices that scientists follow in their discussions of uncertainty would be helpful for the community engaged in ocean acidification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oceanography is the property of Oceanography Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN acidification
KW  - MARINE sciences -- Research
KW  - SEAWATER -- Carbon dioxide content
KW  - MARINE ecology
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles
KW  - ANALYTICAL chemistry
KW  - ECOLOGICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 103235603; Busch, D. Shallin 1 O'Donnell, Michael J. 2 Hauri, Claudine 3,4 Mach, Katharine J. 5 Poach, Matthew 6 Doney, Scott C. 7 Signorini, Sergio R. 8; Affiliation:  1: Ecologist, Ocean Acidification Program and NMFS Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA  2: Senior Scientist, California Ocean Science Trust, Oakland, CA, USA  3: Postdoctoral Fellow, International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, HI, USA  4: Affiliate Assistant Research Professor, International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA  5: Co-Director of Science, IPCC Working Group II Technical Support Unit, Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA  6: Marine Biogeochemist, James J. Howard Marine Sciences Laboratory, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, Highlands, NJ, USA  7: Chair, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA  8: Senior Scientist, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p30; Subject Term: OCEAN acidification; Subject Term: MARINE sciences -- Research; Subject Term: SEAWATER -- Carbon dioxide content; Subject Term: MARINE ecology; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: ECOLOGICAL models; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.29.
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salisbury, Joseph
AU  - Mathis, Jeremy T.
AU  - Reul, Nicolas
AU  - Signorini, Sergio R.
AU  - Wanninkhof, Rik
AU  - Yates, Kimberly K.
AU  - Vandemark, Douglas
AU  - Jönsson, Bror
AU  - Balch, William
AU  - Chakraborty, Sumit
AU  - Lohrenz, Steven
AU  - Chapron, Bertrand
AU  - Hales, Burke
AU  - Mannino, Antonio
T1  - How Can Present and Future Satellite Missions Support Scientific Studies that Address Ocean Acidification?
JO  - Oceanography
JF  - Oceanography
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 28
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
EP  - 121
SN  - 10428275
AB  - Space-based observations offer unique capabilities for studying spatial and temporal dynamics of the upper ocean inorganic carbon cycle and, in turn, supporting research tied to ocean acidification (OA). Satellite sensors measuring sea surface temperature, color, salinity, wind, waves, currents, and sea level enable a fuller understanding of a range of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena that drive regional OA dynamics as well as the potentially varied impacts of carbon cycle change on a broad range of ecosystems. Here, we update and expand on previous work that addresses the benefits of space-based assets for OA and carbonate system studies. Carbonate chemistry and the key processes controlling surface ocean OA variability are reviewed. Synthesis of present satellite data streams and their utility in this arena are discussed, as are opportunities on the horizon for using new satellite sensors with increased spectral, temporal, and/or spatial resolution. We outline applications that include the ability to track the biochemically dynamic nature of water masses, to map coral reefs at higher resolution, to discern functional phytoplankton groups and their relationships to acid perturbations, and to track processes that contribute to acid variation near the land-ocean interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Oceanography is the property of Oceanography Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OCEAN acidification
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SATELLITE-based remote sensing
KW  - OCEANOGRAPHY -- Observations
KW  - SEAWATER -- Carbon dioxide content
KW  - MARINE ecosystem management
KW  - COASTAL ecosystem health
KW  - BIOGEOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 103235609; Salisbury, Joseph 1 Mathis, Jeremy T. 2 Reul, Nicolas 3 Signorini, Sergio R. 4 Wanninkhof, Rik 5 Yates, Kimberly K. 6 Vandemark, Douglas 7 Jönsson, Bror 7 Balch, William 7 Chakraborty, Sumit 7 Lohrenz, Steven 7 Chapron, Bertrand 7 Hales, Burke 7 Mannino, Antonio 7; Affiliation:  1: Research Assistant Professor, Ocean Processes Analysis Laboratory, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA  2: Supervisory Oceanographer, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA  3: Researcher, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Spatiale IFREMER, La Seyne-sur-Mer Cedex, France  4: Senior Scientist, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: Oceanographer, NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA  6: Research Oceanographer, US Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL, USA  7: Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 28 Issue 2, p108; Subject Term: OCEAN acidification; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SATELLITE-based remote sensing; Subject Term: OCEANOGRAPHY -- Observations; Subject Term: SEAWATER -- Carbon dioxide content; Subject Term: MARINE ecosystem management; Subject Term: COASTAL ecosystem health; Subject Term: BIOGEOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5670/oceanog.2015.35
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schneider, Vivian
AU  - Healy, Alice
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
AU  - Bourne, Lyle
T1  - Effects of difficulty, specificity, and variability on training to follow navigation instructions.
JO  - Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
JF  - Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 22
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 856
EP  - 862
SN  - 10699384
AB  - To study the relative merits of three training principles - difficulty of training, specificity of training, and variability of training - subjects were trained to follow navigation instructions to move in a grid on a computer screen. Subjects repeated and then followed the instructions by mouse clicking on the grid. They were trained, given a short distractor task, and then tested. There were three groups, each receiving different message lengths during training: easy (short lengths), hard (long lengths), and mixed (all lengths), with all subjects given all lengths at test. At test, the mixed group was best on most lengths, the easy group was better than the hard group on short lengths, and the hard group was better than the easy group on long lengths. The results support the advantages of both specificity and variability of training but do not support the hypothesis that difficult training of the form used here would lead to overall best performance at test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Psychonomic Bulletin & Review is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COGNITIVE ability
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - PSYCHOLOGY -- Research
KW  - COMPUTER systems
KW  - Cognitive training
KW  - Human memory and learning
KW  - Transfer and retention
N1  - Accession Number: 102424795; Schneider, Vivian 1; Email Address: vivian.schneider@colorado.edu Healy, Alice 1 Barshi, Immanuel 2 Bourne, Lyle 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Muenzinger Building, 345 UCB Boulder 80309-0345 USA  2: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 22 Issue 3, p856; Subject Term: COGNITIVE ability; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: PSYCHOLOGY -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTER systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive training; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human memory and learning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transfer and retention; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541514 Computer systems design and related services (except video game design and development); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3758/s13423-014-0715-1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sankararaman, Shankar
AU  - Mahadevan, Sankaran
T1  - Integration of model verification, validation, and calibration for uncertainty quantification in engineering systems.
JO  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
JF  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 138
M3  - Article
SP  - 194
EP  - 209
SN  - 09518320
AB  - This paper proposes a Bayesian methodology to integrate model verification, validation, and calibration activities for the purpose of overall uncertainty quantification in different types of engineering systems. The methodology is first developed for single-level models, and then extended to systems that are studied using multi-level models that interact with each other. Two types of interactions amongst multi-level models are considered: (1) Type-I, where the output of a lower-level model (component and/or subsystem) becomes an input to a higher level system model, and (2) Type-II, where parameters of the system model are inferred using lower-level models and tests (that describe simplified components and/or isolated physics). The various models, their inputs, parameters, and outputs, experimental data, and various sources of model error are connected through a Bayesian network. The results of calibration, verification, and validation with respect to each individual model are integrated using the principles of conditional probability and total probability, and propagated through the Bayesian network in order to quantify the overall system-level prediction uncertainty. The proposed methodology is illustrated with numerical examples that deal with heat conduction and structural dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Reliability Engineering & System Safety is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - HEURISTIC algorithms
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - Bayesian network
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Multi-level system
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
KW  - Validation
KW  - Verification
N1  - Accession Number: 101931528; Sankararaman, Shankar 1; Email Address: shankar.sankararaman@nasa.gov Mahadevan, Sankaran 2; Affiliation:  1: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Vanderbilt University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nashville, TN 37235, United States; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 138, p194; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: HEURISTIC algorithms; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian network; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-level system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Verification; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ress.2015.01.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaomin Du
AU  - Daiyong Cao
AU  - Mishra, Deepak
AU  - Bernardes, Sergio
AU  - Jordan, Thomas R.
AU  - Madden, Marguerite
T1  - Self-Adaptive Gradient-Based Thresholding Method for Coal Fire Detection Using ASTER Thermal Infrared Data, Part I: Methodology and Decadal Change Detection.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2015/06//
VL  - 7
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 6576
EP  - 6610
SN  - 20724292
AB  - Coal fires that are induced by natural spontaneous combustion or result from human activities occurring on the surface and in underground coal seams destroy coal resources and cause serious environmental degradation. Thermal infrared image data, which directly measure surface temperature, can be an important tool to map coal fires over large areas. As the first of two parts introducing our coal fire detection method, this paper proposes a self-adaptive threshold-based approach for coal fire detection using ASTER thermal infrared data: the self-adaptive gradient-based thresholding method (SAGBT). This method is based on an assumption that the attenuation of temperature along the coal fire's boundaries generates considerable numbers of spots with extremely high gradient values. The SAGBT method applied mathematical morphology thinning to skeletonize the potential high gradient buffers into the extremely high gradient lines, which provides a self-adaptive mechanism to generate thresholds according to the thermal spatial patterns of the images. The final threshold was defined as an average temperature value reading from the high temperature buffers (segmented by 1.0 σ from the mean) and along a sequence of extremely high gradient lines (thinned from the potential high gradient buffers and segmented within the lower bounds, ranging from 0.5 σ to 1.5 σ and with an upper bound of 3.2 σ, where σ is the standard deviation), marking the coal fire areas. The SAGBT method used the basic outer boundary of the coal-bearing strata to simply exclude false alarms. The intermediate thresholds reduced the coupling with the temperature and converged by changing the potential high gradient buffers. This simple approach can be economical and accurate in identifying coal fire areas. In addition, it allows for the identification of thresholds using multiple ASTER TIR scenes in a consistent and uniform manner, and supports long-term coal fire change analyses using historical images in local areas. This paper focuses on the introduction of the methodology. Furthermore, an improvement to SAGBT is proposed. In a subsequent paper, subtitled "Part 2, Validation and Sensitivity Analysis," we address satellite-field simultaneous observations and report comparisons between the retrieved thermal anomalies and field measurements in different aspects to prove that the coal fires are separable by the SAGBT method. These comparisons allowed us to estimate the accuracy and biases of the SAGBT method. As an application of the SAGBT, a relationship between coal fires' decadal variation and coal production was also examined. Our work documented a total area increase in the beginning of 2003, which correlates with increased mining activities and the rapid increase of energy consumption in China during the decade (2001-2011). Additionally, a decrease in the total coal fire area is consistent with the nationally sponsored fire suppression efforts during 2007-2008. It demonstrated the applicability of SAGBT method for long-term change detection with multi-temporal images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTER (Advanced spaceborne thermal emission & reflection radiometer)
KW  - FIRE detectors
KW  - COAL -- Combustion
KW  - THRESHOLDING algorithms
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - CHINA
KW  - gradient convolution
KW  - gradient thresholding method
KW  - long-term monitoring
KW  - mathematical morphology thinning
KW  - spontaneous coal combustion
KW  - temperature and emissivity separated (TES) algorithm
N1  - Accession Number: 103446471; Xiaomin Du 1,2; Email Address: xiaomin@uga.edu Daiyong Cao 1; Email Address: cdy@cumtb.edu.cn Mishra, Deepak 2; Email Address: dmishra@uga.edu Bernardes, Sergio 2,3; Email Address: sergio.bernardes@nasa.gov Jordan, Thomas R. 2; Email Address: tombob@uga.edu Madden, Marguerite 2; Email Address: mmadden@uga.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China  2: Center for Geospatial Research, Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA  3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 7 Issue 6, p6576; Subject Term: ASTER (Advanced spaceborne thermal emission & reflection radiometer); Subject Term: FIRE detectors; Subject Term: COAL -- Combustion; Subject Term: THRESHOLDING algorithms; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: CHINA; Author-Supplied Keyword: gradient convolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: gradient thresholding method; Author-Supplied Keyword: long-term monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: mathematical morphology thinning; Author-Supplied Keyword: spontaneous coal combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature and emissivity separated (TES) algorithm; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423620 Household Appliances, Electric Housewares, and Consumer Electronics Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334290 Other Communications Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414220 Household appliance merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs70606576
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perrone, John A.
AU  - Liston, Dorion B.
T1  - Redundancy reduction explains the expansion of visual direction space around the cardinal axes.
JO  - Vision Research
JF  - Vision Research
Y1  - 2015/06//Jun2015 Part A
VL  - 111
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 42
SN  - 00426989
AB  - Motion direction discrimination in humans is worse for oblique directions than for the cardinal directions (the oblique effect). For some unknown reason, the human visual system makes systematic errors in the estimation of particular motion directions; a direction displacement near a cardinal axis appears larger than it really is whereas the same displacement near an oblique axis appears to be smaller. Although the perceptual effects are robust and are clearly measurable in smooth pursuit eye movements, all attempts to identify the neural underpinnings for the oblique effect have failed. Here we show that a model of image velocity estimation based on the known properties of neurons in primary visual cortex (V1) and the middle temporal (MT) visual area of the primate brain produces the oblique effect. We also provide an explanation for the unusual asymmetric patterns of inhibition that have been found surrounding MT neurons. These patterns are consistent with a mechanism within the visual system that prevents redundant velocity signals from being passed onto the next motion-integration stage, (dorsal Medial superior temporal, MSTd). We show that model redundancy-reduction mechanisms within the MT-MSTd pathway produce the oblique effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Vision Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOTION perception (Vision)
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - CARDINAL points
KW  - VISUAL cortex
KW  - VISION -- Research
KW  - MSTd
KW  - MT
KW  - Oblique effect
KW  - Redundancy reduction
KW  - Surround inhibition
KW  - Visual motion
N1  - Accession Number: 102785140; Perrone, John A. 1; Email Address: jpnz@waikato.ac.nz Liston, Dorion B. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: The School of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand  2: San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jun2015 Part A, Vol. 111, p31; Subject Term: MOTION perception (Vision); Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Subject Term: CARDINAL points; Subject Term: VISUAL cortex; Subject Term: VISION -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: MSTd; Author-Supplied Keyword: MT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oblique effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Redundancy reduction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surround inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Visual motion; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.visres.2015.03.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102785140&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Solá, F.
AU  - Dynys, F.W.
T1  - Probing the mechanical properties and microstructure of WSi2/SixGe1−x multiphase thermoelectric material by nanoindentation, electron and focused ion beam microscopy methods.
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2015/06/05/
VL  - 633
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 169
SN  - 09258388
AB  - Thermoelectric (TE) materials such as silicon germanium (SiGe) alloys have been traditionally used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTG) NASA applications. Beyond traditional RTG applications, we are exploring other applications in the energy harvesting arena. There is still a need to increment the TE figure of merit (ZT) of SiGe based TE alloys and we have been working on ways to improve it by incorporating tungsten di-silicide (WSi 2 ) phases into the matrix by directional solidification (DS) process. Considerable efforts have been focused until now in microstructural engineering methods that lead to ZT improvement by microstructure optimization of TE materials. Although critical for the previous mentioned applications, work pertinent to the mechanical integrity of this type of WSi 2 /SiGe based TE materials is lacking. In this work, we explored for the first time the local mechanical properties and microstructure of WSi 2 /Si x Ge 1− x multiphase thermoelectric material by nanoindentation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), focused ion beam (FIB) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. We report hardness ( H ), modulus ( E ) and fracture toughness ( k c ) data for all phases. We obtained average H (and E ) values (in GPa) of 12.94 (464.95) for the WSi 2 phase, 19.49 (214.52) for the matrix, 14.95 (142.84) for the Si rich phase, and 13.98 (138.56) for the Ge rich phase respectively; while average k c values (in MPa m 0.5 ) were 1.37 for theWSi 2 , 0.52 for the matrix, 0.36 for the Si rich and 0.24 for the Ge rich phases respectively. FIB serial sectioning and cross-sectional TEM analysis is also included which provided insights on the deformation process below the nanoindentation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - NANOINDENTATION
KW  - ION beams
KW  - THERMOELECTRIC generators
KW  - FIB
KW  - Fracture toughness
KW  - Nanoindentation
KW  - SEM
KW  - TEM
KW  - Thermoelectric material
N1  - Accession Number: 101943034; Solá, F. 1; Email Address: francisco.sola-lopez@nasa.gov Dynys, F.W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 633, p165; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: NANOINDENTATION; Subject Term: ION beams; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRIC generators; Author-Supplied Keyword: FIB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoindentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: SEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: TEM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric material; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.01.246
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brendan P. Bowler
AU  - Evgenya L. Shkolnik
AU  - Michael C. Liu
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Andrew W. Mann
AU  - Trent J. Dupuy
AU  - Sasha Hinkley
AU  - Justin R. Crepp
AU  - John Asher Johnson
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Laura Flagg
AU  - Alycia J. Weinberger
AU  - Kimberly M. Aller
AU  - Katelyn N. Allers
AU  - William M. J. Best
AU  - Michael C. Kotson
AU  - Benjamin T. Montet
AU  - Gregory J. Herczeg
AU  - Christoph Baranec
AU  - Reed Riddle
T1  - PLANETS AROUND LOW-MASS STARS (PALMS). V. AGE-DATING LOW-MASS COMPANIONS TO MEMBERS AND INTERLOPERS OF YOUNG MOVING GROUPS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/10/
VL  - 806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present optical and near-infrared adaptive optics (AO) imaging and spectroscopy of 13 ultracool (>M6) companions to late-type stars (K7–M4.5), most of which have recently been identified as candidate members of nearby young moving groups (YMGs; 8–120 Myr) in the literature. Three of these are new companions identified in our AO imaging survey, and two others are confirmed to be comoving with their host stars for the first time. The inferred masses of the companions (∼10–100 MJup) are highly sensitive to the ages of the primary stars; therefore we critically examine the kinematic and spectroscopic properties of each system to distinguish bona fide YMG members from old field interlopers. The new M7 substellar companion 2MASS J02155892–0929121 C (40–60 MJup) shows clear spectroscopic signs of low gravity and, hence, youth. The primary, possibly a member of the ∼40 Myr Tuc-Hor moving group, is visually resolved into three components, making it a young low-mass quadruple system in a compact (≲100 AU) configuration. In addition, Li i λ6708 absorption in the intermediate-gravity M7.5 companion 2MASS J15594729+4403595 B provides unambiguous evidence that it is young (≲200 Myr) and resides below the hydrogen-burning limit. Three new close-separation (<1″) companions (2MASS J06475229–2523304 B, PYC J11519+0731 B, and GJ 4378 Ab) orbit stars previously reported as candidate YMG members, but instead are likely old (≳1 Gyr) tidally locked spectroscopic binaries without convincing kinematic associations with any known moving group. The high rate of false positives in the form of old active stars with YMG-like kinematics underscores the importance of radial velocity and parallax measurements to validate candidate young stars identified via proper motion and activity selection alone. Finally, we spectroscopically confirm the cool temperature and substellar nature of HD 23514 B, a recently discovered M8 benchmark brown dwarf orbiting the dustiest-known member of the Pleiades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADAPTIVE optics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LOW mass stars
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 103303198; Brendan P. Bowler 1,2,3,4,5,6; Email Address: bpbowler@caltech.edu Evgenya L. Shkolnik 3,4,5,6,7 Michael C. Liu 3,4,5,6,8 Joshua E. Schlieder 3,4,5,6,9 Andrew W. Mann 3,4,5,6,10 Trent J. Dupuy 3,4,5,6,10 Sasha Hinkley 3,4,5,6,11 Justin R. Crepp 3,4,5,6,12 John Asher Johnson 3,4,5,6,13 Andrew W. Howard 3,4,5,6,8 Laura Flagg 3,4,5,6,7,14 Alycia J. Weinberger 3,4,5,6,15 Kimberly M. Aller 3,4,5,6,8 Katelyn N. Allers 3,4,5,6,16 William M. J. Best 3,4,5,6,8 Michael C. Kotson 3,4,5,6,8 Benjamin T. Montet 1,3,4,5,6,13,17 Gregory J. Herczeg 3,4,5,6,18 Christoph Baranec 3,4,5,6,8 Reed Riddle 1,3,4,5,6; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Caltech Joint Center for Planetary Astronomy Fellow.  3: Visiting Astronomer, Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy under contract with the National Science Foundation.  4: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.  5: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  6: Based on observations obtained at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), which is operated by the National Research Council of Canada, the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France, and the University of Hawaii.  7: Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa; 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  9: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, TX, USA  11: Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL Exeter, UK  12: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA  13: Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA  14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, P.O. Box 6010, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA  15: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA  16: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA  17: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.  18: Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University; Yi He Yuan Lu 5, Hai Dian Qu; Beijing 100871, P. R. China; Source Info: 6/10/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE optics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LOW mass stars; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/62
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103303198&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - C. Boersma
AU  - J. Bregman
AU  - L. J. Allamandola
T1  - PROPERTIES OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE NORTHWEST PHOTON DOMINATED REGION OF NGC 7023. III. QUANTIFYING THE TRADITIONAL PROXY FOR PAH CHARGE AND ASSESSING ITS ROLE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/10/
VL  - 806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission in the Spitzer/IRS spectral map of the northwest photon dominated region (PDR) in NGC 7023 is analyzed. Here, results from fitting the 5.2–14.5 μm spectrum at each pixel using exclusively PAH spectra from the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database (www.astrochem.org/pahdb/) and observed PAH band strength ratios, determined after isolating the PAH bands, are combined. This enables the first quantitative and spectrally consistent calibration of PAH charge proxies. Calibration is straightforward because the 6.2/11.2 μm PAH band strength ratio varies linearly with the ionized fraction (PAH ionization parameter) as determined from the intrinsic properties of the individual PAHs comprising the database. This, in turn, can be related to the local radiation field, electron density, and temperature. From these relations diagnostic templates are developed to deduce the PAH ionization fraction and astronomical environment in other objects. The commonly used 7.7/11.2 μm PAH band strength ratio fails as a charge proxy over a significant fraction of the nebula. The 11.2/12.7 μm PAH band strength ratio, commonly used as a PAH erosion indicator, is revealed to be a better tracer for PAH charge across NGC 7023. Attempting to calibrate the 12.7/11.2 μm PAH band strength ratio against the PAH hydrogen adjacency ratio (duo+trio)/solo is, unexpectedly, anti-correlated. This work both validates and extends the results from Paper I and Paper II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AROMATIC compounds
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL instruments
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 103303232; C. Boersma 1; Email Address: Christiaan.Boersma@nasa.gov J. Bregman 1 L. J. Allamandola 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: 6/10/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL instruments; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/121
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103303232&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joel H. Kastner
AU  - Chunhua Qi
AU  - Uma Gorti
AU  - Pierre Hily-Blant
AU  - Karin Oberg
AU  - Thierry Forveille
AU  - Sean Andrews
AU  - David Wilner
T1  - A RING OF C2H IN THE MOLECULAR DISK ORBITING TW Hya.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/10/
VL  - 806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have used the Submillimeter Array to image, at ∼1.″5 resolution, C2H emission from the circumstellar disk orbiting the nearby (D = 54 pc), ∼8 Myr-old, ∼0.8 classical T Tauri star TW Hya. The SMA imaging reveals that the C2H emission exhibits a ring-like morphology. Based on a model in which the C2H column density follows a truncated radial power-law distribution, we find that the inner edge of the ring lies at ∼45 AU, and that the ring extends to at least ∼120 AU. Comparison with previous (single-dish) observations of C2H emission indicates that the C2H molecules are subthermally excited and, hence, that the emission arises from the relatively warm ( K), tenuous ( cm−3) upper atmosphere of the disk. Based on these results and comparisons of the SMA C2H map with previous submillimeter and scattered-light imaging, we propose that the C2H emission most likely traces particularly efficient photo-destruction of small grains and/or photodesorption and photodissociation of hydrocarbons derived from grain ice mantles in the surface layers of the outer disk. The presence of a C2H ring in the TW Hya disk hence likely serves as a marker of dust grain processing and radial and vertical grain size segregation within the disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - A stars -- Motion in line of sight
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - MOLECULAR dissociation
N1  - Accession Number: 103303245; Joel H. Kastner 1; Email Address: jhk@cis.rit.edu Chunhua Qi 2 Uma Gorti 3,4 Pierre Hily-Blant 5,6,7 Karin Oberg 2 Thierry Forveille 5,6 Sean Andrews 2 David Wilner 2; Affiliation:  1: Chester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science, School of Physics & Astronomy, and Laboratory for Multiwavelength Astrophysics, Rochester Institute of Technology, 54 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester NY 14623, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), F-38000, Grenoble, France  6: CNRS, IPAG, F-38000, Grenoble, France  7: Institut Universitaire de France, F-38000, Grenoble, France; Source Info: 6/10/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: A stars -- Motion in line of sight; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dissociation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/75
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103303245&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Naseem Rangwala
AU  - Philip R. Maloney
AU  - Christine D. Wilson
AU  - Jason Glenn
AU  - Julia Kamenetzky
AU  - Luigi Spinoglio
T1  - MORPHOLOGY AND KINEMATICS OF WARM MOLECULAR GAS IN THE NUCLEAR REGION OF ARP 220 AS REVEALED BY ALMA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/10/
VL  - 806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) Cycle-0 observations of the CO J = 6–5 line in the advanced galaxy merger Arp 220. This line traces warm molecular gas, which dominates the total CO luminosity. The CO emission from the two nuclei is well resolved by the beam and the exceptional sensitivity and spatial/spectral resolution reveal new complex features in the morphology and kinematics of the warm gas. The line profiles are asymmetric between the red and blue sides of the nuclear disks and the peak of the line emission is offset from the peak of the continuum emission in both nuclei by about 100 pc in the same direction. CO self-absorption is detected at the centers of both nuclei but it is much deeper in the eastern nucleus. We also clearly detect strong, highly redshifted CO absorption located near the southwest side of each nucleus. For the eastern nucleus, we reproduce the major line profile features with a simple kinematic model of a highly turbulent, rotating disk with a substantial line center optical depth and a large gradient in the excitation temperature. The red/blue asymmetries and line-to-continuum offset are likely produced by absorption of the blue (SW) sides of the two nuclei by blueshifted, foreground molecular gas; the mass of the absorber is comparable to the nuclear warm gas mass (∼ ). We measure an unusually high ratio in the eastern nucleus, suggesting there is an additional energy source, such as mechanical energy from shocks, present in this nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR gas lasers
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - ROTATING disks
KW  - ATACAMA Large Millimeter Array (Project)
N1  - Accession Number: 103303302; Naseem Rangwala 1,2 Philip R. Maloney 1 Christine D. Wilson 3 Jason Glenn 1 Julia Kamenetzky 1 Luigi Spinoglio 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, 1255 38th Street, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4M1, Canada  4: Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Roma, Italy; Source Info: 6/10/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR gas lasers; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: ROTATING disks; Company/Entity: ATACAMA Large Millimeter Array (Project); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/17
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103303302&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sean D. McCauliff
AU  - Jon M. Jenkins
AU  - Joseph Catanzarite
AU  - Christopher J. Burke
AU  - Jeffrey L. Coughlin
AU  - Joseph D. Twicken
AU  - Peter Tenenbaum
AU  - Shawn Seader
AU  - Jie Li
AU  - Miles Cote
T1  - AUTOMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF KEPLER PLANETARY TRANSIT CANDIDATES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/10/
VL  - 806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In the first three years of operation, the Kepler mission found 3697 planet candidates (PCs) from a set of 18,406 transit-like features detected on more than 200,000 distinct stars. Vetting candidate signals manually by inspecting light curves and other diagnostic information is a labor intensive effort. Additionally, this classification methodology does not yield any information about the quality of PCs; all candidates are as credible as any other. The torrent of exoplanet discoveries will continue after Kepler, because a number of exoplanet surveys will have an even broader search area. This paper presents the application of machine-learning techniques to the classification of the exoplanet transit-like signals present in the Kepler light curve data. Transit-like detections are transformed into a uniform set of real-numbered attributes, the most important of which are described in this paper. Each of the known transit-like detections is assigned a class of PC; astrophysical false positive; or systematic, instrumental noise. We use a random forest algorithm to learn the mapping from attributes to classes on this training set. The random forest algorithm has been used previously to classify variable stars; this is the first time it has been used for exoplanet classification. We are able to achieve an overall error rate of 5.85% and an error rate for classifying exoplanets candidates of 2.81%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 103303203; Sean D. McCauliff 1; Email Address: sean.d.mccauliff@nasa.gov Jon M. Jenkins 2 Joseph Catanzarite 2 Christopher J. Burke 3 Jeffrey L. Coughlin 2 Joseph D. Twicken 2 Peter Tenenbaum 3 Shawn Seader 2 Jie Li 3 Miles Cote 2; Affiliation:  1: Wyle/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 6/10/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/6
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103303203&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - T. Arai
AU  - S. Matsuura
AU  - J. Bock
AU  - A. Cooray
AU  - M. G. Kim
AU  - A. Lanz
AU  - D. H. Lee
AU  - H. M. Lee
AU  - K. Sano
AU  - J. Smidt
AU  - T. Matsumoto
AU  - T. Nakagawa
AU  - Y. Onishi
AU  - P. Korngut
AU  - M. Shirahata
AU  - K. Tsumura
AU  - M. Zemcov
T1  - MEASUREMENTS OF THE MEAN DIFFUSE GALACTIC LIGHT SPECTRUM IN THE 0.95–1.65 μm BAND FROM CIBER.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/10/
VL  - 806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report measurements of the diffuse galactic light (DGL) spectrum in the near-infrared, spanning the wavelength range 0.95–1.65 μm by the Cosmic Infrared Background ExpeRiment. Using the low-resolution spectrometer calibrated for absolute spectro-photometry, we acquired long-slit spectral images of the total diffuse sky brightness toward six high-latitude fields spread over four sounding rocket flights. To separate the DGL spectrum from the total sky brightness, we correlated the spectral images with a 100 μm intensity map, which traces the dust column density in optically thin regions. The measured DGL spectrum shows no resolved features and is consistent with other DGL measurements in the optical and at near-infrared wavelengths longer than 1.8 μm. Our result implies that the continuum is consistently reproduced by models of scattered starlight in the Rayleigh scattering regime with a few large grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELENGTH measurement
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPECTRAL imaging
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INFRARED Astronomical Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 103303191; T. Arai 1,2 S. Matsuura 1,3 J. Bock 4,5 A. Cooray 6 M. G. Kim 7 A. Lanz 4 D. H. Lee 8 H. M. Lee 7 K. Sano 1 J. Smidt 6,9 T. Matsumoto 1,10 T. Nakagawa 1 Y. Onishi 1 P. Korngut 4,5 M. Shirahata 11 K. Tsumura 2 M. Zemcov 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Space Astronomy and Astrophysics, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  2: Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan  3: Department of Physics, Kwansei Gakuin University, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan  4: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Center for Cosmology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea  8: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Daejeon 305-348, Korea  9: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  10: Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Republic of China  11: National Institutes of Natural Science, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Source Info: 6/10/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: WAVELENGTH measurement; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPECTRAL imaging; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Company/Entity: INFRARED Astronomical Satellite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/1/69
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103303191&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sorek-Hamer, Meytar
AU  - Kloog, Itai
AU  - Koutrakis, Petros
AU  - Strawa, Anthony W.
AU  - Chatfield, Robert
AU  - Cohen, Ayala
AU  - Ridgway, William L.
AU  - Broday, David M.
T1  - Assessment of PM2.5 concentrations over bright surfaces using MODIS satellite observations.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/06/15/
VL  - 163
M3  - Article
SP  - 180
EP  - 185
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) adversely impacts human health. In many geographical regions where ground PM 2.5 monitoring is spatially sparse and unsuitable for environmental health inference, satellite remote sensing can potentially be used for estimating human exposure to PM 2.5 . However, retrieval of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) using the Dark Target (DT) algorithm is uncertain in many regions worldwide (e.g. western USA, the Middle East and central Asia) due to low signal-to-noise ratio as a result of high surface reflectivity in the spectral bands used by the algorithm. In this study we use the Deep Blue (DB) algorithm as well as a combined DB-DT algorithm for AOD retrievals. The AOD products are used to predict ground PM 2.5 using mixed effects models and the daily calibration approach. Models for the two study areas (Israel and San Joaquin Valley, Central California) were developed independently and then compared to each other. Using the AOD DB within a mixed effects model considerably improved PM 2.5 prediction in high reflectance regions, revealing in both study areas enhanced model performance (in terms of both R 2 and the root mean square prediction error), significant increase in the spatiotemporal availability of the AOD product, and improved PM 2.5 prediction relative to using AOD DT retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL health
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - SPATIOTEMPORAL processes
KW  - Aerosol optical depth (AOD)
KW  - Dark Target
KW  - Deep Blue
KW  - Mixed effects models
KW  - MODIS
KW  - PM 2.5
N1  - Accession Number: 102658487; Sorek-Hamer, Meytar 1 Kloog, Itai 2 Koutrakis, Petros 3 Strawa, Anthony W. 4 Chatfield, Robert 4 Cohen, Ayala 5 Ridgway, William L. 6 Broday, David M. 1; Email Address: dbroday@tx.technion.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Haifa, Israel  2: Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel  3: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Industrial and Management Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel  6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 10210 Greenbelt Road, Suite 600, Lanham, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 163, p180; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL health; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: SPATIOTEMPORAL processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol optical depth (AOD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Dark Target; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deep Blue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed effects models; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM 2.5; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.03.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102658487&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornbuckle, B.C.
AU  - Sasaki, T.T.
AU  - Bigelow, G.S.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Weaver, M.L.
AU  - Thompson, G.B.
T1  - Structure–property relationships in a precipitation strengthened Ni–29.7Ti–20Hf (at%) shape memory alloy.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2015/06/18/
VL  - 637
M3  - Article
SP  - 63
EP  - 69
SN  - 09215093
AB  - The martensitic transformation temperatures, load-biased thermomechanical properties, and microstructure (characterized by transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography) were investigated for a Ni–29.7Ti–20Hf (at%) alloy aged at 550 °C for 0–300 h. Aging for three hours and longer resulted in the precipitation of a face-centered orthorhombic phase, previously denoted as the H-phase. The number density, size, and composition of this phase did not change significantly upon aging from 3 to 30 h. However, continued aging to 300 h resulted in a decrease in the number density and significant coarsening of the precipitates at 550 °C. The alloy exhibited near optimum response for shape memory behavior and dimensional stability after aging for three hours, though transformation temperatures continued to increase with aging time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - THERMOMECHANICAL treatment
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
KW  - Atom probe tomography
KW  - Microstructural characterization
KW  - NiTiHf
KW  - Nitinol
KW  - Precipitation strengthening
N1  - Accession Number: 102785617; Hornbuckle, B.C. 1 Sasaki, T.T. 1 Bigelow, G.S. 2 Noebe, R.D. 2 Weaver, M.L. 1 Thompson, G.B. 1; Email Address: gthompson@eng.ua.edu; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jun2015, Vol. 637, p63; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: THERMOMECHANICAL treatment; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructural characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitinol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation strengthening; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2015.03.123
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jontof-Hutter, Daniel
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Fabrycky, Daniel C.
AU  - Ford, Eric B.
T1  - The mass of the Mars-sized exoplanet Kepler-138 b from transit timing.
JO  - Nature
JF  - Nature
Y1  - 2015/06/18/
VL  - 522
IS  - 7556
M3  - Article
SP  - 321
EP  - 323
PB  - Nature Publishing Group
SN  - 00280836
AB  - Extrasolar planets that pass in front of their host star (transit) cause a temporary decrease in the apparent brightness of the star, providing a direct measure of the planet's size and orbital period. In some systems with multiple transiting planets, the times of the transits are measurably affected by the gravitational interactions between neighbouring planets. In favourable cases, the departures from Keplerian orbits (that is, unaffected by gravitational effects) implied by the observed transit times permit the planetary masses to be measured, which is key to determining their bulk densities. Characterizing rocky planets is particularly difficult, because they are generally smaller and less massive than gaseous planets. Therefore, few exoplanets near the size of Earth have had their masses measured. Here we report the sizes and masses of three planets orbiting Kepler-138, a star much fainter and cooler than the Sun. We determine that the mass of the Mars-sized inner planet, Kepler-138 b, is Earth masses. Its density is grams per cubic centimetre. The middle and outer planets are both slightly larger than Earth. The middle planet's density ( grams per cubic centimetre) is similar to that of Earth, and the outer planet is less than half as dense at grams per cubic centimetre, implying that it contains a greater portion of low-density components such as water and hydrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nature is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STARS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 103278594; Jontof-Hutter, Daniel 1 Rowe, Jason F. 2 Lissauer, Jack J. 3 Fabrycky, Daniel C. 4 Ford, Eric B. 5; Affiliation:  1: 1] Department of Astronomy, Pennsylvania State University, Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA [2] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: 1] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA [2] SETI Institute, 189 North Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, Pennsylvania State University, Davey Laboratory, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA; Source Info: 6/18/2015, Vol. 522 Issue 7556, p321; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/nature14494
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gennaro D’Angelo
AU  - Morris Podolak
T1  - CAPTURE AND EVOLUTION OF PLANETESIMALS IN CIRCUMJOVIAN DISKS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/20/
VL  - 806
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We study the evolution of planetesimals in evolved gaseous disks that orbit a solar-mass star and harbor a Jupiter-mass planet at AU. The gas dynamics are modeled with a three-dimensional hydrodynamics code that employs nested grids and achieves a resolution of one Jupiter radius in the circumplanetary disk. The code models solids as individual particles. Planetesimals are subjected to gravitational forces by the star and the planet, a drag force by the gas, disruption via ram pressure, and mass loss through ablation. The mass evolution of solids is calculated self-consistently with their temperature, velocity, and position. We consider icy and icy/rocky bodies of radius 0.1–100 km, initially deployed on orbits around the star within a few Hill radii (RH) of the planet's orbit. Planetesimals are scattered inward, outward, and toward disk regions of radius . Scattering can relocate significant amounts of solids, provided that regions RH are replenished with planetesimals. Scattered bodies can be temporarily captured on planetocentric orbits. Ablation consumes nearly all solids at gas temperatures K. Super-Keplerian rotation around and beyond the outer edge of the gas gap can segregate bodies, producing solid gap edges at size-dependent radial locations. Capture, break-up, and ablation of solids result in a dust-laden circumplanetary disk with low surface densities of kilometer sized planetesimals, implying relatively long timescales for satellite formation. After a giant planet acquires most of its mass, accretion of solids is unlikely to significantly alter its heavy element content. The luminosity generated by accretion of solids and the contraction luminosity can be of similar orders of magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETESIMALS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - ACCRETION disks
N1  - Accession Number: 103378970; Gennaro D’Angelo 1,2; Email Address: gennaro.dangelo@nasa.gov Morris Podolak 3; Email Address: morris@post.tau.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Department of Geosciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; Source Info: 6/20/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETESIMALS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ACCRETION disks; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/203
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peter Gao
AU  - Renyu Hu
AU  - Tyler D. Robinson
AU  - Cheng Li
AU  - Yuk L. Yung
T1  - STABILITY OF CO2 ATMOSPHERES ON DESICCATED M DWARF EXOPLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/20/
VL  - 806
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We investigate the chemical stability of CO2-dominated atmospheres of desiccated M dwarf terrestrial exoplanets using a one-dimensional photochemical model. Around Sun-like stars, CO2 photolysis by Far-UV (FUV) radiation is balanced by recombination reactions that depend on water abundance. Planets orbiting M dwarf stars experience more FUV radiation, and could be depleted in water due to M dwarfs’ prolonged, high-luminosity pre-main sequences. We show that, for water-depleted M dwarf terrestrial planets, a catalytic cycle relying on H2O2 photolysis can maintain a CO2 atmosphere. However, this cycle breaks down for atmospheric hydrogen mixing ratios <1 ppm, resulting in ∼40% of the atmospheric CO2 being converted to CO and O2 on a timescale of 1 Myr. The increased O2 abundance leads to high O3 concentrations, the photolysis of which forms another CO2-regenerating catalytic cycle. For atmospheres with <0.1 ppm hydrogen, CO2 is produced directly from the recombination of CO and O. These catalytic cycles place an upper limit of ∼50% on the amount of CO2 that can be destroyed via photolysis, which is enough to generate Earth-like abundances of (abiotic) O2 and O3. The conditions that lead to such high oxygen levels could be widespread on planets in the habitable zones of M dwarfs. Discrimination between biological and abiotic O2 and O3 in this case can perhaps be accomplished by noting the lack of water features in the reflectance and emission spectra of these planets, which necessitates observations at wavelengths longer than 0.95 μm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL stability
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry)
KW  - PLANETS
N1  - Accession Number: 103378949; Peter Gao 1,2; Email Address: pgao@caltech.edu Renyu Hu 1,3,4 Tyler D. Robinson 5,6,7 Cheng Li 1 Yuk L. Yung 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute’s Virtual Planetary Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Hubble Fellow.  5: Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  6: Oak Ridge Associated Universities Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA  7: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.; Source Info: 6/20/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: CHEMICAL stability; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: PHOTOLYSIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: PLANETS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/249
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103378949&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rachel A. Matson
AU  - Douglas R. Gies
AU  - Zhao Guo
AU  - Samuel N. Quinn
AU  - Lars A. Buchhave
AU  - David W. Latham
AU  - Steve B. Howell
AU  - Jason F. Rowe
T1  - HST/COS DETECTION OF THE SPECTRUM OF THE SUBDWARF COMPANION OF KOI-81.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/06/20/
VL  - 806
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - KOI-81 is a totally eclipsing binary discovered by the Kepler mission that consists of a rapidly rotating B-type star and a small, hot companion. The system was forged through large-scale mass transfer that stripped the mass donor of its envelope and spun up the mass gainer star. We present an analysis of UV spectra of KOI-81 that were obtained with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope that reveal for the first time the spectral features of the faint, hot companion. We present a double-lined spectroscopic orbit for the system that yields mass estimates of and for the B-star and hot subdwarf, respectively. We used a Doppler tomography algorithm to reconstruct the UV spectra of the components, and a comparison of the reconstructed and model spectra yields effective temperatures of 12 and 19–27 kK for the B-star and hot companion, respectively. The B-star is pulsating, and we identified a number of peaks in the Fourier transform of the light curve, including one that may indicate an equatorial rotation period of 11.5 hr. The B-star has an equatorial velocity that is 74% of the critical velocity where centrifugal and gravitational accelerations balance at the equator, and we fit the transit light curve by calculating a rotationally distorted model for the photosphere of the B-star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - B stars
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - EARLY stars
KW  - STELLAR photospheres
KW  - SOLAR photosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 103379000; Rachel A. Matson 1,2; Email Address: rmatson@chara.gsu.edu Douglas R. Gies 1,2; Email Address: gies@chara.gsu.edu Zhao Guo 1,2; Email Address: guo@chara.gsu.edu Samuel N. Quinn 1,2; Email Address: quinn@astro.gsu.edu Lars A. Buchhave 2,3,4; Email Address: lbuchhave@cfa.harvard.edu David W. Latham 2,3; Email Address: dlatham@cfa.harvard.edu Steve B. Howell 2,5; Email Address: steve.b.howell@nasa.gov Jason F. Rowe 2,5,6; Email Address: Jason.Rowe@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, P.O. Box 5060, Atlanta, GA 30302-5060, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under contract with the National Science Foundation.  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  5: NASA Ames Research Center, P.O. Box 1, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2015, Vol. 806 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: B stars; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: EARLY stars; Subject Term: STELLAR photospheres; Subject Term: SOLAR photosphere; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/806/2/155
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103379000&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy
AU  - Southworth, John
AU  - Burgdorf, M.
AU  - Novati, S. Calchi
AU  - Dominik, M.
AU  - Finet, F.
AU  - Jørgensen, U. G.
AU  - Maier, G.
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Prof, S.
AU  - Ricci, D.
AU  - Snodgrass, C.
AU  - Bozza, V.
AU  - Browne, P.
AU  - Dodds, P.
AU  - Gerner, T.
AU  - Harpsøe, K.
AU  - Hinse, T. C.
AU  - Hundertmark, M.
AU  - Kains, N.
T1  - Transits and starspots in the WASP-6 planetary system.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/06/21/
VL  - 450
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1760
EP  - 1769
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present updates to PRISM, a photometric transit-starspot model, and GEMC, a hybrid optimization code combining MCMC and a genetic algorithm. We then present high-precision photometry of four transits in the WASP-6 planetary system, two of which contain a starspot anomaly. All four transits were modelled using PRISM and GEMC, and the physical properties of the system calculated. We find the mass and radius of the host star to be 0.836 ± 0.063 M⊙ and 0.864 ± 0.024 R⊙, respectively. For the planet, we find a mass of 0.485 ± 0.027Mjup, a radius of 1.230 ± 0.035RJup and a density of 0.244 ± 0.014 pJup. These values are consistent with those found in the literature. in the likely hypothesis that the two spot anomalies are caused by the same starspot or starspot complex, we measure the stars rotation period and velocity to be 23.80 ± 0.15 d and 1.78 ± 0.20 km s-1, respectively, at a colatitude of 75.8°. We find that the sky-projected angle between the stellar spin axis and the planetary orbital axis is λ = 7.2° ± 3.7°, indicating axial alignment. Our results are consistent with and more precise than published spectroscopic measurements of the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect. These results suggest that WASP-6 b formed at a much greater distance from its host star and suffered orbital decay through tidal interactions with the protoplanetary disc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - STARSPOTS
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - GENETIC algorithms
KW  - STATISTICAL hypothesis testing
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual: WASP
KW  - starspots
KW  - techniques: photometric
N1  - Accession Number: 110315216; Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy 1,2; Email Address: jeremy.j.tregloan-reed@nasa.gov Southworth, John 2 Burgdorf, M. 3 Novati, S. Calchi 4,5,6 Dominik, M. 7 Finet, F. 8,9 Jørgensen, U. G. 10 Maier, G. 11 Mancini, L. 12 Prof, S. 11 Ricci, D. 13,14,15 Snodgrass, C. 16 Bozza, V. 5,17 Browne, P. 7 Dodds, P. 7 Gerner, T. 11 Harpsøe, K. 10 Hinse, T. C. 18,19 Hundertmark, M. 7 Kains, N. 20; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  3: Universität Hamburg Meteorologisches Institut Bundesstraße 55 D-20146 Hamburg, Germany  4: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, MS 100-22, California Institute ofTechnology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello', Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy  6: Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), I-84019 Vietri Sul Mare (SA), Italy  7: SUP A, University of St Andrews, School of Physics & Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK  8: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liege, B-4000 Liège, Belgium  9: Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Manora Peak, Nainital 263 129, Uttarakhand, India  10: Niels Bohr Institute & Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, 0stervoldgade 5, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark  11: Astronomisches Rechen-Institut, Zentrum für Astronomie, Universitat Heidelberg, Mönchhofstraße 12-14, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany  12: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  13: Observatorio Astronómico Nacional, Instituto de Astronomía - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Míxico, Ap. P. 877, Ensenada, BC 22860, Mexico  14: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  15: Departmento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  16: Planetary and Space Sciences, Department of Physical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK  17: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy  18: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of Korea  19: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK  20: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: 6/21/2015, Vol. 450 Issue 2, p1760; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: GENETIC algorithms; Subject Term: STATISTICAL hypothesis testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP; Author-Supplied Keyword: starspots; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv730
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackie, Cameron J.
AU  - Candian, Alessandra
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
T1  - Linear transformation of anharmonic molecular force constants between normal and Cartesian coordinates.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2015/06/28/
VL  - 142
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A full derivation of the analytic transformation of the quadratic, cubic, and quartic force constants from normal coordinates to Cartesian coordinates is given. Previous attempts at this transformation have resulted in non-linear transformations; however, for the first time, a simple linear transformation is presented here. Two different approaches have been formulated and implemented, one of which does not require prior knowledge of the translation-rotation eigenvectors from diagonalization of the Hessian matrix. The validity of this method is tested using two molecules H2O and c-C3H2D+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR force constants
KW  - ANHARMONIC motion
KW  - CARTESIAN coordinates
KW  - EIGENVECTORS
KW  - MOLECULES
N1  - Accession Number: 103636170; Mackie, Cameron J. 1; Email Address: mackie@strw.leidenuniv.nl Candian, Alessandra 1 Xinchuan Huang 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3 Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Leiden Observatory, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, Netherlands  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 142 Issue 24, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR force constants; Subject Term: ANHARMONIC motion; Subject Term: CARTESIAN coordinates; Subject Term: EIGENVECTORS; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4922891
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103636170&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackie, Cameron J.
AU  - Candian, Alessandra
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
T1  - Linear transformation of anharmonic molecular force constants between normal and Cartesian coordinates.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2015/06/28/
VL  - 142
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - A full derivation of the analytic transformation of the quadratic, cubic, and quartic force constants from normal coordinates to Cartesian coordinates is given. Previous attempts at this transformation have resulted in non-linear transformations; however, for the first time, a simple linear transformation is presented here. Two different approaches have been formulated and implemented, one of which does not require prior knowledge of the translation-rotation eigenvectors from diagonalization of the Hessian matrix. The validity of this method is tested using two molecules H2O and c-C3H2D+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR force constants
KW  - LINEAR systems
KW  - ANHARMONIC motion
KW  - CARTESIAN coordinates
KW  - EIGENVECTORS
N1  - Accession Number: 103636179; Mackie, Cameron J. 1; Email Address: mackie@strw.leidenuniv.nl Candian, Alessandra 1 Huang, Xinchuan 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3 Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Leiden Observatory, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 142 Issue 24, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR force constants; Subject Term: LINEAR systems; Subject Term: ANHARMONIC motion; Subject Term: CARTESIAN coordinates; Subject Term: EIGENVECTORS; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4922891
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103636179&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gaspari, M.
AU  - Brighenti, F.
AU  - Temi, P.
T1  - Chaotic cold accretion on to black holes in rotating atmospheres.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 579
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The fueling of black holes is one key problem in the evolution of baryons in the universe. Chaotic cold accretion (CCA) profoundly di ers from classic accretion models, as Bondi and thin disc theories. Using 3D high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations, we now probe the impact of rotation on the hot and cold accretion flow in a typical massive galaxy. In the hot mode, with or without turbulence, the pressure-dominated flow forms a geometrically thick rotational barrier, suppressing the black hole accretion rate to ∼1/3 of the spherical case value. When radiative cooling is dominant, the gas loses pressure support and quickly circularizes in a cold thin disk; the accretion rate is decoupled from the cooling rate, although it is higher than that of the hot mode. In the more common state of a turbulent and heated atmosphere, CCA drives the dynamics if the gas velocity dispersion exceeds the rotational velocity, i.e., turbulent Taylor number Tat < 1. Extended multiphase filaments condense out of the hot phase via thermal instability (TI) and rain toward the black hole, boosting the accretion rate up to 100 times the Bondi rate (M. ∼ Mcool). Initially, turbulence broadens the angular momentum distribution of the hot gas, allowing the cold phase to condense with prograde or retrograde motion. Subsequent chaotic collisions between the cold filaments, clouds, and a clumpy variable torus promote the cancellation of angular momentum, leading to high accretion rates. As turbulence weakens (Tat > 1), the broadening of the distribution and the efficiency of collisions diminish, damping the accretion rate ∝Tat-1, until the cold disk drives the dynamics. This is exacerbated by the increased difficulty to grow TI in a rotating halo. The simulated sub-Eddington accretion rates cover the range inferred from AGN cavity observations. CCA predicts inner flat X-ray temperature and r-1 density profiles, as recently discovered in M 87 and NGC 3115. The synthetic Hα images reproduce the main features of cold gas observations in massive ellipticals, as the line fluxes and the filaments versus disk morphology. Such dichotomy is key for the long-term AGN feedback cycle. As gas cools, filamentary CCA develops and boosts AGN heating; the cold mode is thus reduced and the rotating disk remains the sole cold structure. Its consumption leaves the atmosphere in hot mode with suppressed accretion and feedback, reloading the cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACCRETION disks
KW  - BLACK holes (Astronomy)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - PLASMA instabilities
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - accretion
KW  - accretion disks
KW  - black hole physics
KW  - galaxies: ISM
KW  - hydrodynamics
KW  - instabilities
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 108521095; Gaspari, M. 1; Email Address: mgaspari@mpa-garching.mpg.de Brighenti, F. 2 Temi, P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 1, 85741 Garching, Germany  2: Astronomy Department, University of Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy  3: Astrophysics Branch, NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Mo ett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 579, p1; Subject Term: ACCRETION disks; Subject Term: BLACK holes (Astronomy); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: PLASMA instabilities; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: black hole physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: instabilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201526151
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108521095&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Esposito, M.
AU  - Covino, E.
AU  - Raia, G.
AU  - Southworth, J.
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, J.
AU  - Biazzo, K.
AU  - Bonomo, A. S.
AU  - Desidera, S.
AU  - Lanza, A. F.
AU  - Maciejewski, G.
AU  - Poretti, E.
AU  - Sozzetti, A.
AU  - Borsa, F.
AU  - Bruni, I.
AU  - Ciceri, S.
AU  - Claudi, R.
AU  - Cosentino, R.
AU  - Gratton, R.
AU  - Martinez Fiorenzano, A. F.
T1  - The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 579
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Orbital obliquity is thought to be a fundamental parameter in tracing the physical mechanisms that cause the migration of giant planets from the snow line down to roughly 10-2 au from their host stars.We are carrying out a large programme to estimate the spin-orbit alignment of a sample of transiting planetary systems to study what the possible configurations of orbital obliquity are and whether they correlate with other stellar or planetary properties. Aims. We determine the true and the projected obliquity of HAT-P-36 and WASP-11/HAT-P-10 systems, respectively, which are both composed of a relatively cool star (with effective temperature Teff < 6100 K) and a hot-Jupiter planet. Methods. Thanks to the high-resolution spectrograph HARPS-N, we observed the Rossiter-McLaughlin effect for both systems by acquiring precise (3-8ms-1) radial-velocity measurements during planetary transit events. We also present photometric observations comprising six light curves that cover five transit events, which were obtained using three medium-class telescopes. One transit of WASP-11/HAT-P-10 was followed simultaneously from two observatories. The three transit light curves of HAT-P-36 b show anomalies that are attributable to starspot complexes on the surface of the parent star, in agreement with the analysis of its spectra that indicates moderate activity (log R'HK = -4.65 dex). By analysing the complete HATNet data set of HAT-P-36, we estimated the stellar rotation period by detecting a periodic photometric modulation in the light curve caused by star spots, obtaining Prot = 15.3±0.4 days, which implies that the inclination of the stellar rotational axis with respect to the line of sight is i* = 65° ± 34°. Results. We used the new spectroscopic and photometric data to revise the main physical parameters and measure the sky-projected misalignment angle of the two systems. We found λ = -14° ± 18° for HAT-P-36 and λ = 7° ± 5° for WASP-11/HAT-P-10, indicating in both cases a good spin-orbit alignment. In the case of HAT-P-36, we were also able to estimate an upper limit of its real obliquity, which turned out to be ψ < 63 degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - STELLAR spectrophotometry
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - STARSPOTS
KW  - SPIN-orbit resonance
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual: HAT-P-36
KW  - stars: individual: WASP-11/HAT-P-10
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - techniques: radial velocities
N1  - Accession Number: 108521078; Mancini, L. 1,2; Email Address: mancini@mpia.de Esposito, M. 3,4 Covino, E. 5 Raia, G. 5 Southworth, J. 6 Tregloan-Reed, J. 7 Biazzo, K. 8 Bonomo, A. S. 2 Desidera, S. 9 Lanza, A. F. 8 Maciejewski, G. 10 Poretti, E. 11 Sozzetti, A. 2 Borsa, F. 11 Bruni, I. 12 Ciceri, S. 1 Claudi, R. 9 Cosentino, R. 13 Gratton, R. 9 Martinez Fiorenzano, A. F. 13; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  3: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/vía Láctea s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  4: Dep. de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico F. Sánchez s/n, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  5: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, via Moiariello 16, 80131 Naples, Italy  6: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy  9: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell'Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy  10: Centre for Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland  11: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, via E. Bianchi 46, 23807 Merate (Lecco), Italy  12: INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy  13: Fundación Galileo Galilei - INAF, Rambla José Ana Fernandez Pérez, 738712 Breña Baja, Tenerife, Spain; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 579, p1; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: STELLAR spectrophotometry; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Subject Term: SPIN-orbit resonance; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: HAT-P-36; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP-11/HAT-P-10; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: radial velocities; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201526030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108521078&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stock, D. J.
AU  - Wolfire, M. G.
AU  - Peeters, E.
AU  - Tielens, A. G. G. M.
AU  - Vandenbussche, B.
AU  - Boersma, C.
AU  - Cami, J.
T1  - Herschel* PACS and SPIRE spectroscopy of the photodissociation regions associated with S 106 and IRAS 23133+6050.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 579
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Photodissociation regions (PDRs) contain a large portion of all of the interstellar matter in galaxies. Classical examples include the boundaries between ionized regions and molecular clouds in regions of massive star-formation, marking the point where all of the photons that are energetic enough to ionize hydrogen have been absorbed. Aims. To determine the physical properties of the PDRs associated with the star-forming regions IRAS 23133+6050 and S 106 and present them in the context of other Galactic PDRs associated with massive star-forming regions. Methods. We employ Herschel PACS and SPIRE spectroscopic observations to construct a full 55-650 μm spectrum of each object from which we measure the PDR cooling lines, other fine- structure lines, CO lines, and the total far-infrared flux. These measurements (and combinations thereof) are then compared to standard PDR models. Subsequently, detailed numerical PDR models are compared to these predictions, yielding additional insight into the dominant thermal processes in the PDRs and their structures. Results. We find that the PDRs of each object are very similar and can be characterized by a two-phase PDR model with a very dense, highly UV irradiated phase (n ∼ 106 cm-3, G0 ∼ 105) interspersed within a lower density, weaker radiation field phase (n ∼ 104 cm-3, G0 ∼ 104). We employed two different numerical models to investigate the data. We first used RADEX models to fit the peak of the 12CO ladder, which in conjunction with the properties derived, yielded a temperature of around 300 K. Subsequent numerical modeling with a full PDR model revealed that the dense phase has a filling factor of around 0.6 in both objects. The shape of the 12CO ladder was consistent with these components, with heating dominated by grain photoelectric heating. An extra excitation component for the heightest-J lines (J > 20) is required for S 106. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - ISM: general
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - photon-dominated region (PDR)
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: massive
KW  - INFRARED Astronomical Satellite
KW  - HERSCHEL Space Observatory (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 108521017; Stock, D. J. 1; Email Address: dstock4@uwo.ca Wolfire, M. G. 2 Peeters, E. 1,3 Tielens, A. G. G. M. 4 Vandenbussche, B. 5 Boersma, C. 6 Cami, J. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA, Netherlands  5: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  6: Space Science Division, MS 245-6, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 579, p1; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: photon-dominated region (PDR); Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: massive; Company/Entity: INFRARED Astronomical Satellite Company/Entity: HERSCHEL Space Observatory (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201425245
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Adam L. Kraus
AU  - Ann Marie Cody
AU  - Kevin R. Covey
AU  - Aaron C. Rizzuto
AU  - Andrew W. Mann
AU  - Michael J. Ireland
T1  - THE MASS–RADIUS RELATION OF YOUNG STARS. I. USCO 5, AN M4.5 ECLIPSING BINARY IN UPPER SCORPIUS OBSERVED BY K2.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/07//7/1/2015
VL  - 807
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery that UScoCTIO 5, a known spectroscopic binary in the Upper Scorpius star-forming region (P = 34 days, ), is an eclipsing system with both primary and secondary eclipses apparent in K2 light curves obtained during Campaign 2. We have simultaneously fit the eclipse profiles from the K2 light curves and the existing RV data to demonstrate that UScoCTIO 5 consists of a pair of nearly identical M4.5 stars with , , , and . The radii are broadly consistent with pre-main-sequence ages predicted by stellar evolutionary models, but none agree to within the uncertainties. All models predict systematically incorrect masses at the 25%–50% level for the HR diagram position of these mid-M dwarfs, suggesting significant modifications to mass-dependent outcomes of star and planet formation. The form of the discrepancy for most model sets is not that they predict luminosities that are too low, but rather that they predict temperatures that are too high, suggesting that the models do not fully encompass the physics of energy transport (via convection and/or missing opacities) and/or a miscalibration of the SpT– scale. The simplest modification to the models (changing to match observations) would yield an older age for this system, in line with the recently proposed older age of Upper Scorpius (τ ∼ 11 Myr). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SCORPIUS (Constellation)
N1  - Accession Number: 103657667; Adam L. Kraus 1 Ann Marie Cody 2 Kevin R. Covey 3 Aaron C. Rizzuto 1 Andrew W. Mann 1,4 Michael J. Ireland 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Western Washington University, 516 High St., Bellingham, WA 98225, USA  4: Harlan J. Smith Fellow.  5: Research School of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; Source Info: 7/1/2015, Vol. 807 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SCORPIUS (Constellation); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103657667&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - H. Andrews
AU  - C. Boersma
AU  - M. W. Werner
AU  - J. Livingston
AU  - L. J. Allamandola
AU  - A. G. G. M. Tielens
T1  - PAH EMISSION AT THE BRIGHT LOCATIONS OF PDRs: THE grandPAH HYPOTHESIS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/07//7/1/2015
VL  - 807
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission observed in the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra of bright mid-IR locations of NGC 7023, NGC 2023, and NGC 1333 was analyzed. These objects show large variations in PAH band ratios when studied through spectral mapping. Nevertheless, the mid-IR spectra at these bright spots show a remarkably similar PAH emission. We used the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database to fit the observations and analyze the derived PAH populations. Our results show that PAH emission in the 5–15 μm range appears to be rather insensitive to variations of the radiation field. Similar PAH populations of neutral small to medium-sized PAHs (∼50%), with ionized species contributing in slightly less than 50%, provide very good fits. Analyzing the degeneracy of the results shows that subtle (but intrinsic) variations in the emission properties of individual PAHs lead to observable differences in the resulting spectra. On top of this, we found that variations of <30% in the PAH abundances would lead to noticeable spectral differences between the three photodissociation regions (PDRs). Therefore, PAH populations must be remarkably similar at these different lines of sight. To account for this, we suggest the concept of grandPAHs as a unique mixture of the most stable PAHs emitting at these spots. Using NGC 7023 as an example, the grandPAHs refer to the robust PAH population that results from the intense processing of PAHs at the border limit between the PDR and the molecular cloud, where, due to the UV radiation that destroys the PAH population, the abundance of PAHs starts decreasing as we move toward the star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds
N1  - Accession Number: 103657643; H. Andrews 1; Email Address: heandrew@strw.leidenuniv.nl C. Boersma 2; Email Address: Christiaan.Boersma@nasa.gov M. W. Werner 3 J. Livingston 3 L. J. Allamandola 2 A. G. G. M. Tielens 1; Affiliation:  1: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, MC 264-767, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: 7/1/2015, Vol. 807 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic compounds; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/99
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103657643&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - I. N. Sharykin
AU  - A. G. Kosovichev
AU  - I. V. Zimovets
T1  - ENERGY RELEASE AND INITIATION OF A SUNQUAKE IN A C-CLASS FLARE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/07//7/1/2015
VL  - 807
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present an analysis of the C7.0 solar flare from 2013 February 17, revealing a strong helioseismic response (sunquake) caused by a compact impact observed with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in the low atmosphere. This is the weakest known C-class flare generating a sunquake event. To investigate the possible mechanisms of this event and understand the role of accelerated charged particles and photospheric electric currents, we use data from three space observatories: RHESSI, SDO, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite. We find that the photospheric flare impact does not spatially correspond to the strongest hard X-ray emission source, but both of these events are parts of the same energy release. Our analysis reveals a close association of the flare energy release with a rapid increase in the electric currents and suggests that the sunquake initiation is unlikely to be caused by the impact of high-energy electrons, but may be associated with rapid current dissipation or a localized impulsive Lorentz force in the lower layers of the solar atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR chromosphere
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - GAMMA rays
N1  - Accession Number: 103657630; I. N. Sharykin 1,2 A. G. Kosovichev 1,3,4 I. V. Zimovets 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Big Bear City, CA 92314, USA  2: Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, Profsoyuznaya str. 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russia  3: Stanford University, Serra Mall 450, StanFord, CA 94305, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/1/2015, Vol. 807 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR chromosphere; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/807/1/102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103657630&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, A.
AU  - Pelon, J.
AU  - Vaughan, M. A.
AU  - Winker, D. M.
AU  - Trepte, C. R.
AU  - Dubuisson, P.
T1  - Lidar multiple scattering factors inferred from CALIPSO lidar and IIR retrievals of semi-transparent cirrus cloud optical depths over oceans.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 8
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2759
EP  - 2774
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Cirrus cloud absorption optical depths retrieved at 12.05 μm are compared to extinction optical depths retrieved at 0.532 μm from perfectly co-located observations of single-layered semi-transparent cirrus over ocean made by the Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) and the Cloud and Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) flying on board the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations) satellite. IIR infrared absorption optical depths are compared to CALIOP visible extinction optical depths when the latter can be directly derived from the measured apparent two-way transmittance through the cloud. An evaluation of the CALIOP multiple scattering factor is inferred from these comparisons after assessing and correcting biases in IIR and CALIOP optical depths reported in version 3 data products. In particular, the blackbody radiance taken in the IIR version 3 algorithm is evaluated, and IIR retrievals are corrected accordingly. Numerical simulations and IIR retrievals of ice crystal sizes suggest that the ratios of CALIOP extinction and IIR absorption optical depths should remain roughly constant with respect to temperature. Instead, these ratios are found to increase quasi-linearly by about 40% as the temperature at the layer centroid altitude decreases from 240 to 200 K. It is discussed that this behavior can be explained by variations of the multiple scattering factor ηT applied to correct the measured apparent two-way transmittance for contribution of forwardscattering. While the CALIOP version 3 retrievals hold ηT fixed at 0.6, this study shows that ηT varies with temperature (and hence cloud particle size) from ηT D0.8 at 200K to ηT D0.5 at 240K for single-layered semi-transparent cirrus clouds with optical depth larger than 0.3. The revised parameterization of ηT introduces a concomitant temperature dependence in the simultaneously derived CALIOP lidar ratios that is consistent with observed changes in CALIOP depolarization ratios and particle habits derived from IIR measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - TRANSMITTANCE (Physics)
KW  - MULTIPLE scattering (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 108581304; Garnier, A. 1; Email Address: anne.garnier@latmos.ipsl.fr Pelon, J. 2 Vaughan, M. A. 3 Winker, D. M. 3 Trepte, C. R. 3 Dubuisson, P. 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UPMC-UVSQ-CNRS, Paris, France  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  4: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, Université Lille 1, Lille, France; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 7, p2759; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: TRANSMITTANCE (Physics); Subject Term: MULTIPLE scattering (Physics); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-2759-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smeltzer, Claudia C.
AU  - Lukinova, Nina I.
AU  - Towcimak, Nicole D.
AU  - Yan, Xiaoli
AU  - Mann, David M.
AU  - Drohan, William N.
AU  - Griko, Yuri V.
T1  - Effect of gamma irradiation on the structural stability and functional activity of plasma-derived IgG.
JO  - Biologicals
JF  - Biologicals
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 43
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 242
EP  - 249
SN  - 10451056
AB  - Plasma-originated commercial intravenous immunoglobulin, which is used for a variety of clinical purposes, has been studied to determine the effect of virus-inactivating doses of gamma irradiation on the structural-functional characteristics of the protein. A detailed analysis has been performed in response to a concern that the use of conventional gamma irradiation may damage biologically active proteins. The results demonstrate that although gamma irradiation of the IgG may have some impact on protein structure, the damage can be reduced or even prevented by appropriate irradiation conditions. At the virucidal dose of gamma irradiation (50 kGy) and a temperature of −80 °C, the integrity of the polypeptide chain of immunoglobulin and the secondary structure of IgG can be completely protected, while conformational changes in tertiary structure are significantly minimized to a level that preserves functional activity. The irradiated IgG retains specific antigen-binding properties and F c -binding activity, indicating that the conformational integrity of the most important structural regions is not affected by γ-irradiation. These results present strong evidence that gamma irradiation treatment can be effectively implemented for inactivation of pathogens in IgG solutions that are used for intravenous injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biologicals is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - BLOOD plasma
KW  - IMMUNOGLOBULIN G
KW  - RADIATION -- Dosage
KW  - PROTEIN structure
KW  - BSA Bovine serum albumin
KW  - CD Circular Dichroism
KW  - DPBS Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline
KW  - DSC Differential scanning calorimeter
KW  - ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
KW  - FITC Fluorescein isithiocyanate
KW  - FITC Fluorescein isothiocynate
KW  - FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
KW  - HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
KW  - IGIV Intravenous immunoglobulin
KW  - Immunoglobulin
KW  - Integrity
KW  - MW Molecular weight
KW  - PMA Phorbol myristate acetate
KW  - Radiation
KW  - RPMI Roswell park memorial institute
KW  - Stability
N1  - Accession Number: 103656323; Smeltzer, Claudia C. 1 Lukinova, Nina I. 1 Towcimak, Nicole D. 1 Yan, Xiaoli 1 Mann, David M. 1 Drohan, William N. 1 Griko, Yuri V. 1,2; Email Address: Yuri.V.Griko@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Clearant Inc. Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 43 Issue 4, p242; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: BLOOD plasma; Subject Term: IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Dosage; Subject Term: PROTEIN structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: BSA Bovine serum albumin; Author-Supplied Keyword: CD Circular Dichroism; Author-Supplied Keyword: DPBS Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSC Differential scanning calorimeter; Author-Supplied Keyword: ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Author-Supplied Keyword: FITC Fluorescein isithiocyanate; Author-Supplied Keyword: FITC Fluorescein isothiocynate; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: HPLC High performance liquid chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: IGIV Intravenous immunoglobulin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunoglobulin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integrity; Author-Supplied Keyword: MW Molecular weight; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMA Phorbol myristate acetate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: RPMI Roswell park memorial institute; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stability; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.04.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Greenberg, Paul S.
AU  - Fischer, David G.
T1  - Detection of spacecraft fire signatures and post-fire aerosols—Part I: Ground-based results.
JO  - Fire Safety Journal
JF  - Fire Safety Journal
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 75
M3  - Article
SP  - 36
EP  - 44
SN  - 03797112
AB  - Preventing fires in spacecraft and other remote platforms is an important facet of avoiding fires that potentially compromise missions, hardware, and crew. If a fire occurs, the objective is to detect the associated fire signatures at the earliest possible time from inception, thus minimizing propagation and collateral damage while providing maximal margin for suppression. The goal is to provide detection sensitivity without introducing spurious false alarms that compromise operations and trigger responsive abatement and containment provisions. A related issue in sealed, self-contained environments is post-fire clean up, and sensors to evaluate the environmental suitability in crewed quarters. In both situations, knowledge of the particulate and/or gaseous fire signatures as they occur under the unique combination of a reduced-gravity environment and materials typical of spaceflight applications is essential for the design of spacecraft fire detectors and habitat sensors. This paper describes recent ground and spaced-based data on fire signatures, and the response of a novel multi-channel optical scattering sensor. This detector, known as the Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Sensor (MPASS), determines multiple moments of the aerosol distributions. The methodology for designing a sensor with the desired response function is discussed, as well as test results that demonstrate the performance of prototype devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fire Safety Journal is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SMOKE prevention
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - detection
KW  - Fire signatures
KW  - particles
KW  - scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 103459244; Greenberg, Paul S. 1; Email Address: Paul.S.Greenberg@nasa.gov Fischer, David G. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA-Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44136, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 75, p36; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SMOKE prevention; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire signatures; Author-Supplied Keyword: particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: scattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.firesaf.2015.04.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Theisen, C. Harwood
AU  - Sumner, D. Y.
AU  - Mackey, T. J.
AU  - Lim, D. S. S.
AU  - Brady, A. L.
AU  - Slater, G. F.
T1  - Carbonate fabrics in the modern microbialites of Pavilion Lake: two suites of microfabrics that reflect variation in microbial community morphology, growth habit, and lithification.
JO  - Geobiology
JF  - Geobiology
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 13
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 357
EP  - 372
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14724677
AB  - Modern microbialites in Pavilion Lake, BC, provide an analog for ancient non-stromatolitic microbialites that formed from in situ mineralization. Because Pavilion microbialites are mineralizing under the influence of microbial communities, they provide insights into how biological processes influence microbialite microfabrics and mesostructures. Hemispherical nodules and micrite-microbial crusts are two mesostructures within Pavilion microbialites that are directly associated with photosynthetic communities. Both filamentous cyanobacteria in hemispherical nodules and branching filamentous green algae in micrite-microbial crusts were associated with calcite precipitation at microbialite surfaces and with characteristic microfabrics in the lithified microbialite. Hemispherical nodules formed at microbialite surfaces when calcite precipitated around filamentous cyanobacteria with a radial growth habit. The radial filament pattern was preserved within the microbialite to varying degrees. Some subsurface nodules contained well-defined filaments, whereas others contained only dispersed organic inclusions. Variation in filament preservation is interpreted to reflect differences in timing and amount of carbonate precipitation relative to heterotrophic decay, with more defined filaments reflecting greater lithification prior to degradation than more diffuse filaments. Micrite-microbial crusts produce the second suite of microfabrics and form in association with filamentous green algae oriented perpendicular to the microbialite surface. Some crusts include calcified filaments, whereas others contained voids that reflect the filamentous community in shape, size, and distribution. Pavilion microbialites demonstrate that microfabric variation can reflect differences in lithification processes and microbial metabolisms as well as microbial community morphology and organization. Even when the morphology of individual filaments or cells is not well preserved, the microbial growth habit can be captured in mesoscale microbialite structures. These results suggest that when petrographic preservation is extremely good, ancient microbialite growth structures and microfabrics can be interpreted in the context of variation in community organization, community composition, and lithification history. Even in the absence of distinct microbial microfabrics, mesostructures can capture microbial community morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBONATES
KW  - FILAMENTOUS bacteria
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - MINERALIZATION (Geology)
KW  - GEOBIOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 103382710; Theisen, C. Harwood 1 Sumner, D. Y. 1 Mackey, T. J. 1 Lim, D. S. S. 2,3 Brady, A. L. 4 Slater, G. F. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: School of Geography and Earth Sciences McMaster University; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 13 Issue 4, p357; Subject Term: CARBONATES; Subject Term: FILAMENTOUS bacteria; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: MINERALIZATION (Geology); Subject Term: GEOBIOLOGY; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gbi.12134
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matsubara, Yo
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Burr, Devon M.
AU  - Williams, Rebecca M.E.
AU  - Dietrich, William E.
AU  - Moore, Jeffery M.
T1  - River meandering on Earth and Mars: A comparative study of Aeolis Dorsa meanders, Mars and possible terrestrial analogs of the Usuktuk River, AK, and the Quinn River, NV.
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 240
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 120
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - The paleo-meanders in the Aeolis Dorsa (AD) region show that meandering channels can develop in the absence of vegetation. Three possible mechanisms other than vegetation could contribute to the bank cohesion required to promote meandering: permafrost, abundant mud, and chemical cementation. Banks at the meandering Quinn River show little vegetation cover. Almost all sediment samples collected from the Quinn River deposits contain at least 41% mud (silt/clay), which is much higher than for most meandering streams. Ion chromatography (IC) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed presence of salts in river waters and sediments which may induce fine sediment to flocculate and be deposited. We find that bank cohesion promoting meandering can be provided by silt/clay, the deposition of which may be induced by dissolved salts. The sinuous Usuktuk River in the continuous permafrost region near Barrow, Alaska exhibited no exposed permafrost on stream banks. Instead vegetation seemed to be the dominant control of bank erosion. We have not found evidence for ice control of bank cohesion in this or other terrestrial rivers of similar size and in meandering pattern to the Martian AD meanders. We conclude that bank cohesion in the AD meanders was probably provided by deposition of fine suspended sediment that was flocculated by dissolved salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MEANDERING rivers
KW  - EARTH analogs
KW  - CEMENTATION (Petrology)
KW  - RIVER sediments
KW  - ION exchange chromatography
KW  - Aeolis Dorsa
KW  - Meandering rivers
KW  - Mud-dominated
KW  - Permafrost controlled
KW  - Terrestrial analog
N1  - Accession Number: 102494145; Matsubara, Yo 1; Email Address: matsubaray@si.edu Howard, Alan D. 2 Burr, Devon M. 3 Williams, Rebecca M.E. 4 Dietrich, William E. 5 Moore, Jeffery M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Independence Ave., 6th St. SW, MRC 315, PO Box 37012, Washington, DC 20013-7012, United States  2: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, United States  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Dr., Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, United States  4: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, United States  5: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, United States  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 240, p102; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MEANDERING rivers; Subject Term: EARTH analogs; Subject Term: CEMENTATION (Petrology); Subject Term: RIVER sediments; Subject Term: ION exchange chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeolis Dorsa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meandering rivers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mud-dominated; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permafrost controlled; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial analog; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.08.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
T1  - An introduction to the data and tools of planetary geomorphology.
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 240
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 145
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - This manuscript presents a review of data used by planetary geomorphologists and the software tools needed to prepare, process, and analyze those data, along with an example of doing so. Visible image capture and the photometric and geometric processing of those images are reviewed, as are laser altimetry data, and terrain data derived from images via stereogrammetry. Image processing, geographic, and geospatial software tools are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - IMAGING systems in geology
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - IMAGE analysis
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - GIS
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary
KW  - Stereo
N1  - Accession Number: 102494146; Beyer, Ross A. 1,2; Email Address: Ross.A.Beyer@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 240, p137; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: IMAGING systems in geology; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Subject Term: IMAGE analysis; Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: GIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stereo; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2014.11.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102494146&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Lamb, Justin
AU  - Asturias, Daniel
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Goldstein, David B.
AU  - Trafton, Laurence M.
AU  - Varghese, Philip L.
T1  - Evolution of the dust and water ice plume components as observed by the LCROSS visible camera and UV–visible spectrometer.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 254
M3  - Article
SP  - 262
EP  - 275
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The LCROSS (Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite) impacted the Cabeus crater near the lunar South Pole on 9 October 2009 and created an impact plume that was observed by the LCROSS Shepherding Spacecraft. Here we analyze data from the ultraviolet–visible spectrometer and visible context camera aboard the spacecraft. We use these data to constrain a numerical model to understand the physical evolution of the resultant plume. The UV–visible light curve peaks in brightness 18 s after impact and then decreases in radiance but never returns to the pre-impact radiance value for the ∼4 min of observation by the Shepherding Spacecraft. The blue:red spectral ratio increases in the first 10 s, decreases over the following 50 s, remains constant for approximately 150 s, and then begins to increase again ∼180 s after impact. Constraining the modeling results with spacecraft observations, we conclude that lofted dust grains remained suspended above the lunar surface for the entire 250 s of observation after impact. The impact plume was composed of both a high angle spike and low angle plume component. Numerical modeling is used to evaluate the relative effects of various plume parameters to further constrain the plume properties when compared with the observational data. Dust particle sizes lofted above the lunar surface were micron to sub-micron in size. Water ice particles were also contained within the ejecta cloud and simultaneously photo-dissociated and sublimated after reaching sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectrometers
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - CRATERING
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - DUST
KW  - ICE
KW  - Ices
KW  - Moon
KW  - Moon, surface
KW  - Regoliths
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 102592026; Heldmann, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: Jennifer.Heldmann@nasa.gov Lamb, Justin 2 Asturias, Daniel 2 Colaprete, Anthony 1 Goldstein, David B. 2 Trafton, Laurence M. 2 Varghese, Philip L. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 254, p262; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectrometers; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: CRATERING; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: ICE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.02.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102592026&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sharma, Ashish
AU  - Melancon, Justin M.
AU  - Bailey, Sheila G.
AU  - Zivanovic, Sandra R.
T1  - Betavoltaic Cells Using P3HT Semiconductive Conjugated Polymer.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 62
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2320
EP  - 2326
SN  - 00189383
AB  - The need for extreme-duration light-weight power sources for space applications motivates the study and development of polymer-based betavoltaics. The betavoltaic device, based on the semiconductive polymer–fullerene blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA), is demonstrated here for the first time. Both direct and indirect energy conversion methods were explored. For the indirect conversion method, a phosphor intermediate layer of cerium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) was used on top of the polymer device. A high open circuit voltage of 0.56 V has been achieved in the betavoltaic device fabricated on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate with indirect energy conversion at 30-keV electron kinetic energy. The maximum output electrical power of 62 nW was achieved at 30-keV input electron beam (e-beam) energy. The highest betavoltaic power conversion efficiency of 0.78% was achieved at an e-beam energy of 10 keV. Using the thin PET substrate instead of a glass substrate for the polymer device and phosphor screen fabrication, the betavoltaic device performance has been significantly improved due to a reduction in physical distance between photon-generating Ce:YAG phosphor screen and photon-absorbing P3HT:ICBA layer. The use of the PET substrates helped by significantly decreasing the directional and external interaction losses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONJUGATED polymers
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - YTTRIUM aluminum garnet
KW  - POLYETHYLENE terephthalate
KW  - Beta rays
KW  - betavoltaic
KW  - Degradation
KW  - electron beam (e-beam)
KW  - Energy conversion
KW  - Glass
KW  - optical polymers
KW  - phosphors
KW  - poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C₆₀ bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA)
KW  - Polymers
KW  - Positron emission tomography
KW  - scintillator
KW  - Substrates
N1  - Accession Number: 103304496; Sharma, Ashish 1 Melancon, Justin M. 2 Bailey, Sheila G. 3 Zivanovic, Sandra R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA  2: , Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA  3: , NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 62 Issue 7, p2320; Subject Term: CONJUGATED polymers; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Subject Term: YTTRIUM aluminum garnet; Subject Term: POLYETHYLENE terephthalate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beta rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: betavoltaic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: electron beam (e-beam); Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy conversion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: phosphors; Author-Supplied Keyword: poly(3-hexylthiophene): indene-C₆₀ bisadduct (P3HT:ICBA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positron emission tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: scintillator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrates; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325220 Artificial and Synthetic Fibers and Filaments Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2015.2434852
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103304496&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Salgi, Paul
AU  - Balakotaiah, Vemuri
AU  - Ramé, Enrique
AU  - Motil, Brian J.
T1  - Pulse properties in gas–liquid flow through randomly packed beds under microgravity conditions.
JO  - International Journal of Multiphase Flow
JF  - International Journal of Multiphase Flow
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 73
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 16
SN  - 03019322
KW  - GAS-liquid interfaces
KW  - PACKED beds (Chemical industry)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - CHEMICAL engineering -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - Gas–liquid flow
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Packed beds
KW  - Pulse characteristics
N1  - Accession Number: 102982439; Salgi, Paul 1; Email Address: psalgi@central.uh.edu Balakotaiah, Vemuri 1 Ramé, Enrique 2 Motil, Brian J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA  2: National Center for Space Exploration and Research, c/o NASA Glenn Research Center, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 73, p11; Subject Term: GAS-liquid interfaces; Subject Term: PACKED beds (Chemical industry); Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: CHEMICAL engineering -- Equipment & supplies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas–liquid flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Packed beds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pulse characteristics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2015.02.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102982439&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tuzcu, Ilhan
AU  - Nhan Nguyen
T1  - Flutter of Maneuvering Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The objective of this paper is to investigate how the aeroelastic stability, particularly flutter, is affected by aircraft maneuvers. The authors' investigation is based on a comprehensive mathematical model of aircraft, which is achieved by seamlessly integrating all the disciplines pertinent to flight of aircraft. The aircraft is treated as an unstrained, flexible multibody system subject to unsteady aerodynamics. The bodies are fuselage, wing, and horizontal and vertical stabilizers, whose structures are modeled as beams in bending and torsion. The equations of motion are derived using Lagrange's equations in quasi-coordinates. The resulting equations are a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of relatively high order. The final model is used to determine flutter speeds of aircraft at steady level turn and steady climb at various altitudes. These maneuvers are especially chosen to keep the equations time invariant. The numerical results are given for a generic transport model (GTM). The stability of a GTM is affected by turn radius, climb angle, and altitude. The results for climbing flight can be extended to address stability of gliding flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUTTER (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - FLYING-machines
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Aeroelasticity
KW  - Flexible aircraft
KW  - Flight dynamics
KW  - Flutter
KW  - Gliding flight
KW  - Steady climb
KW  - Steady level flight
KW  - Steady turn
KW  - Unsteady aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 103352012; Tuzcu, Ilhan 1; Email Address: tuzcui@ecs.csus.edu Nhan Nguyen 2; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering Dept., California State Univ., Sacramento, CA 95819  2: Research Scientist, Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 28 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: FLUTTER (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: FLYING-machines; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroelasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flexible aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flight dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flutter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gliding flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Steady climb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Steady level flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Steady turn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady aerodynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000415
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103352012&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Slotnick, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Overview and Summary of the Second AIAA High-Lift Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1006
EP  - 1025
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Second AIAA CFD High-Lift Prediction Workshop was held in San Diego, California in June 2013. The goals of the workshop continued in the tradition of the first high-lift workshop: to assess the numerical prediction capability of current-generation computational fluid dynamics technology for swept, medium-/high-aspect-ratio wings in landing/takeoff (high-lift) configurations. This workshop analyzed the flow over the DLR-F11 model in landing configuration at two different Reynolds numbers. Twenty-six participants submitted a total of 48 data sets of computational fluid dynamics results. A variety of grid systems (both structured and unstructured) were used. Trends due to grid density and Reynolds number were analyzed, and effects of support brackets were also included. This paper analyzes the combined results from all workshop participants. Comparisons with experimental data are made. A statistical summary of the computational fluid dynamics results is also included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - ELECTRON tubes -- Grids
KW  - FLUID dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 108955897; Rumsey, Christopher L. 1,2 Slotnick, Jeffrey P. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Senior Research Scientist, Computational AeroSciences Branch, Mail Stop 128  3: Computational Sciences, Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647  4: Boeing Technical Fellow, Computational Sciences; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1006; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: ELECTRON tubes -- Grids; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032864
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108955897&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee-Rausch, E. M.
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
AU  - Park, M. A.
T1  - Grid-Adapted FUN3D Computations for the Second High-Lift Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1098
EP  - 1111
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Contributions of the unstructured Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes code FUN3D to the 2nd AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics High-Lift Prediction Workshop are described, and detailed comparisons are made with experimental data. Using workshop-supplied grids, FUN3D results for the simplified high-lift configuration are compared with results from the structured code CFL3D. Using the same turbulence model, both codes compare reasonably well in terms of total forces and moment, and the maximum lift is similarly over-predicted for both codes compared to experiment. By including more representative geometry features such as slat and flap support brackets and slat pressure tube bundles, FUN3D captures the general effects of the Reynolds number variation, but under-predicts maximum lift on workshop-supplied grids in comparison with the experimental data due to excessive separation. However, when output-based, off-body grid adaptation in FUN3D is employed, results improve considerably. In particular, when the geometry includes both brackets and the pressure tube bundles, grid adaptation results in a more accurate prediction of lift near stall in comparison with the wind-tunnel data. Furthermore, a rotation-corrected turbulence model shows improved pressure predictions on the outboard span when using adapted grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
N1  - Accession Number: 108955903; Lee-Rausch, E. M. 1,2 Rumsey, C. L. 1,3 Park, M. A. 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Research Engineer, Computational AeroSciences Branch  3: Senior Research Scientist, Computational AeroSciences Branch  4: Research Scientist, Computational AeroSciences Branch; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1098; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033192
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108955903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodio, J. J.
AU  - Xiao, X.
AU  - Hassan, H. A.
AU  - Rumsey, C. L.
T1  - NASA Trapezoidal-Wing Simulation Using Stress-ω, and One- and Two-Equation Turbulence Models.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1189
EP  - 1200
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Wilcox 2006 stress-ω model (also referred to as WilcoxRSM-w2006) has been implemented in the NASA Langley Research Center code CFL3D, and used to study a variety of two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations. It predicted a variety of basic cases reasonably well, including secondary flow in a supersonic rectangular duct. One- and two-equation turbulence models that employ the Boussinesq constitutive relation were unable to predict this secondary flow accurately because it is driven by normal turbulent-stress differences. For the NASA trapezoidal wing at high angles of attack, the WilcoxRSM-w2006 model predicted lower maximum lift than the experiment, similar to the results of a two-equation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) -- Mathematical models
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics)
KW  - FLUID dynamics -- Mathematical models
N1  - Accession Number: 108955910; Rodio, J. J. 1 Xiao, X. 2 Hassan, H. A. 1 Rumsey, C. L. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7910  2: Corvid Technologies, Mooresville, North Carolina 28117-8006  3: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2100  4: Senior Research Scientist, Computational AeroSciences Branch; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1189; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: FLUID dynamics -- Mathematical models; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032848
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108955910&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
AU  - Dunning, Peter D.
T1  - Optimal Topology of Aircraft Rib and Spar Structures Under Aeroelastic Loads.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1298
EP  - 1311
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Several topology optimization problems are conducted within the ribs and spars of a wing box. It is desired to locate the best position of lightening holes, truss/cross-bracing, etc. A variety of aeroelastic metrics are isolated for each of these problems: elastic wing compliance under trim loads and taxi loads, stress distribution, and crushing loads. Aileron effectiveness under a constant roll rate is considered as are dynamic metrics: natural vibration frequency and flutter. This approach helps uncover the relationship between topology and aeroelasticity in subsonic transport wings and can therefore aid in understanding the complex aircraft design process that must eventually consider all these metrics and load cases simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - SUBSONIC flow
N1  - Accession Number: 108955920; Stanford, Bret K. 1,2 Dunning, Peter D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Aerospace Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1298; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032913
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108955920&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Wesley W.
AU  - Chan-gi Pak
T1  - Mass Balancing Optimization Study to Reduce Flutter Speeds of the X-56A Aircraft.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1359
EP  - 1365
SN  - 00218669
N1  - Accession Number: 108955926; Li, Wesley W. 1,2 Chan-gi Pak 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Aerostructures Branch, NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards, California 93523-0273  2: Aerospace Engineer, Aerostructures Branch, P.O. Box 273, Mailstop 48202A  3: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Aerostructures Branch, P.O. Box 273, Mailstop 48201A; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1359; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108955926&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mehta, Sanjay Kumar
AU  - Fujiwara, Masatomo
AU  - Tsuda, Toshitaka
AU  - Vernier, Jean-Paul
T1  - Effect of recent minor volcanic eruptions on temperatures in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 129
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 110
SN  - 13646826
AB  - The impact of the recent minor volcanic eruptions during 2001–2010 in the temperature of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is investigated using data from the Global Positioning System Radio Occultation (GPS RO), three radiosonde compilations and two reanalyses (ERA-Interim and MERRA). The volcanic signals are identified in the residual temperature time series after removal of the linear trend, the quasi-biennial oscillation and El Nino Southern Oscillation components. Eight minor volcanic eruptions (six from the tropics and two from midlatitude) over the last decade (2001–2010) are analyzed in this study. We found significant volcanic signals in the UTLS temperature only in association with the tropical Soufrière Hills and Tavurvur eruptions (in May 2006 and in October 2006, respectively). Other four tropical eruptions had very small aerosol perturbations and did not show any significant UTLS temperature change. Out of the two midlatitude eruptions, Sarychev peak had similar stratospheric aerosol perturbations as Soufrière Hills and Tavurvur eruptions, but did not show any significant UTLS temperature change. The volcanic signals in the UTLS temperature from the tropical Soufrière Hills and Tavurvur eruptions were observed for the period of 7 months after August 2006. A warming of 0.5–0.8 K in the tropical 16–18.5 km (100–70 hPa) layer was observed in association with these two tropical eruptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - RADIOSONDES
N1  - Accession Number: 102898485; Mehta, Sanjay Kumar 1; Email Address: ksanjaym@gmail.com Fujiwara, Masatomo 2 Tsuda, Toshitaka 1 Vernier, Jean-Paul 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere (RISH), Kyoto University, Japan  2: Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Japan  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 129, p99; Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: RADIOSONDES; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.04.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popova, Yekaterina
AU  - Boyle, Richard
T1  - Neural response in vestibular organ of Helix aspersa to centrifugation and re-adaptation to normal gravity.
JO  - Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural & Behavioral Physiology
JF  - Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural & Behavioral Physiology
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 201
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 717
EP  - 729
SN  - 03407594
AB  - Gravity plays a key role in shaping the vestibular sensitivity (VS) of terrestrial organisms. We studied VS changes in the statocyst of the gastropod Helix aspersa immediately after 4-, 16-, and 32-day exposures to a 1.4G hypergravic field or following a 7-day recovery period. In the same animals we measured latencies of behavioral 'negative gravitaxis' responses to a head-down pitch before and after centrifugation and found significant delays after 16- and 32-day runs. In an isolated neural preparation we recorded the electrophysiological responses of the statocyst nerve to static tilt (±19°) and sinusoids (±12°; 0.1 Hz). Spike sorting software was used to separate individual sensory cells' patterns out of a common trace. In correspondence with behavior we observed a VS decrease in animals after 16- ( p < 0.05) and 32-day ( p < 0.01) centrifugations. These findings reveal the capability of statoreceptors to adjust their sensitivity in response to a prolonged change in the force of gravity. Interestingly, background discharge rate increased after 16 and 32 days in hypergravity and continued to rise through the recovery period. This result indicates that adaptive mechanisms to novel gravity levels were long lasting, and re-adaptation from hypergravity is a more complex process than just 'return to normal'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural & Behavioral Physiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VESTIBULAR nerve
KW  - BROWN garden snail
KW  - CENTRIFUGATION
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - ANIMAL behavior
KW  - NEURAL circuitry
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Electrophysiology
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Statocyst
KW  - Tilt
N1  - Accession Number: 103187159; Popova, Yekaterina 1 Boyle, Richard 1; Email Address: richard.boyle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail stop 239-11, Moffett Field Mountain View 94035 USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 201 Issue 7, p717; Subject Term: VESTIBULAR nerve; Subject Term: BROWN garden snail; Subject Term: CENTRIFUGATION; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: ANIMAL behavior; Subject Term: NEURAL circuitry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrophysiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Statocyst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tilt; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00359-015-1003-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103187159&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mahzari, Milad
AU  - Braun, Robert D.
AU  - White, Todd R.
AU  - Bose, Deepak
T1  - Inverse Estimation of the Mars Science Laboratory Entry Aeroheating and Heatshield Response.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1203
EP  - 1216
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Mars Science Laboratory entry vehicle successfully landed the Curiosity rover on the Martian surface on 5 August 2012. A phenolic impregnated carbon ablator heatshield was used to protect the spacecraft against the severe aeroheating environments of atmospheric entry. This heatshield was instrumented with a comprehensive set of pressure and temperature sensors. The objective of this paper is to perform an inverse estimation of the entry vehicle's surface heating and heatshield material properties. The surface heating is estimated using the flight temperature data from the shallowest thermocouple. The sensitivity of the estimated surface heating profile to estimation tuning parameters, measurement errors, recession uncertainty, and material property uncertainty is investigated. A Monte Carlo analysis is conducted to quantify the uncertainty bounds associated with the nominal estimated surface heating. Additionally, a thermocouple driver approach is employed to estimate heatshield material properties using the flight data from the deeper thermocouples while applying the shallowest thermocouple temperature as the surface boundary condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMOCOUPLES
KW  - THERMAL shielding
KW  - LABORATORIES
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 109143389; Mahzari, Milad 1 Braun, Robert D. 1,2 White, Todd R. 3 Bose, Deepak 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332  2: Fellow, AIAA  3: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Associate Fellow, AIAA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1203; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMOCOUPLES; Subject Term: THERMAL shielding; Subject Term: LABORATORIES; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 621511 Medical Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541940 Veterinary Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33053
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109143389&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perino, Scott V.
AU  - Bayandor, Javid
AU  - Samareh, Jamshid A.
AU  - Armand, Sasan C.
T1  - Contemporary Impact Analysis Methodology for Planetary Sample Return Missions.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 52
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1217
EP  - 1227
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Development of an Earth entry vehicle and the methodology created to evaluate the vehicle's impact landing response when returning to Earth is reported. NASA's future Mars Sample Return Mission requires a robust vehicle to return Martian samples back to Earth for analysis. The Earth entry vehicle is a proposed solution to this Mars mission requirement. During Earth reentry, the vehicle slows within the atmosphere and then impacts the ground at its terminal velocity. To protect the Martian samples, a spherical energy absorber called an impact sphere is under development. The impact sphere is composed of hybrid composite and crushable foam elements that endure large plastic deformations during impact and cause a highly nonlinear vehicle response. The developed analysis methodology captures a range of complex structural interactions and much of the failure physics that occurs during impact. Numerical models were created and benchmarked against experimental tests conducted at NASA Langley Research Center. The postimpact structural damage assessment showed close correlation between simulation predictions and experimental results. Acceleration, velocity, displacement, damage modes, and failure mechanisms were all effectively captured. These investigations demonstrate that the Earth entry vehicle has great potential in facilitating future sample return missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles research
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - PLANETS -- Exploration
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 109143390; Perino, Scott V. 1 Bayandor, Javid 1,2 Samareh, Jamshid A. 2,3 Armand, Sasan C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061  2: Associate Fellow, AIAA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 52 Issue 4, p1217; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles research; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Exploration; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33033
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109143390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rathsam, Jonathan
AU  - Loubeau, Alexandra
AU  - Klos, Jacob
T1  - Effects of indoor rattle sounds on annoyance caused by sonic booms.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 138
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - EL43
EP  - EL48
SN  - 00014966
AB  - To expand national air transportation capabilities, NASA's Commercial Supersonic Technology Project is working to make supersonic flight practical for commercial passengers. As an aid in designing and certifying quiet supersonic aircraft, a noise metric is sought that will correspond to indoor annoyance caused by sonic booms, including the effects of indoor rattle sounds. This study examines how well several common aircraft noise metrics predict indoor annoyance based on the indoor and outdoor sound fields. The results suggest notional community annoyance models that include the effects of indoor rattle sounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 108683665; Rathsam, Jonathan 1; Email Address: jonathan.rathsam@nasa.gov Loubeau, Alexandra 1; Email Address: a.loubeau@nasa.gov Klos, Jacob 1; Email Address: j.klos@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 138 Issue 1, pEL43; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.4922535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108683665&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Rohit K.
AU  - Lim, Joon W.
AU  - Jayaraman, Buvana
T1  - Modular Multisolver Approach for Efficient High-Fidelity Simulation of the HART II Rotor.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 60
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - High-resolution computational fluid dynamics simulations of the Higher-harmonic Aeroacoustics Rotor Test (HART) II rotor are performed using the U.S. Department of Defense Computational Research and Engineering Acquisition Tools and Environments--Air Vehicles (CREATE™-AV) Helios software. The newly added triple-mesh capability has been utilized for computational efficiency. Rotor blades are modeled using high-resolution structured and unstructured meshes, the fuselage and hub are modeled using unstructured meshes, and the rotor wake region is modeled using high-resolution Cartesian meshes. Predictions for tip vortex strength and position and airloads are validated, and marked improvements over previous computational investigations are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - HARMONIC motion
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - UNITED States. Dept. of Defense
N1  - Accession Number: 108395423; Jain, Rohit K. 1; Email Address: rkj238@gmail.com Lim, Joon W. 1 Jayaraman, Buvana 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM), Moffett Field, CA  2: Research Scientist, Science and Technology Corporation Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 60 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: HARMONIC motion; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Dept. of Defense; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.60.032001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108395423&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Manikandan
T1  - Hover Performance Measurements Toward Understanding Aerodynamic Interference in Coaxial, Tandem, and Tilt Rotors.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 60
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The aerodynamic interference between rotors in a multirotor system in hover was analyzed using a series of experiments. First, single-rotor measurements were acquired over a wide range of test conditions by varying thrust, tip speed, and number of blades (two to six). Next, parametric studies were conducted methodically on torque-balanced coaxial-, tandem-, and tilt rotors. For coaxial rotors, the effects of axial separation distance, blade twist distribution, and rotor rotation direction on the system performance were studied. For the tandem rotors, the effect of overlap between rotors on the system performance was measured using untwisted and twisted blades. A unique aspect of the experiment was the ability tomeasure the performance of the individual rotors even when they were operated as part of a torque-balanced multirotor system. The multirotor measurements, when compared with isolated single-rotor measurements, revealed the influence of one rotor on the other, thereby enabling various interference loss factors to be quantified. Momentum theory and blade-element momentum theory were used to understand and explain the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TILT rotor aircraft
KW  - PERFORMANCE evaluation
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 108395427; Ramasamy, Manikandan 1; Email Address: manikandan.ramasamy.civ@mail.mil; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, UARC-NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 60 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: TILT rotor aircraft; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE evaluation; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters) -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.60.032005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108395427&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steel, H. C. B.
AU  - McKay, C. P.
AU  - Andersen, D. T.
T1  - Modeling circulation and seasonal fluctuations in perennially ice-covered and ice-walled Lake Untersee, Antarctica.
JO  - Limnology & Oceanography
JF  - Limnology & Oceanography
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1139
EP  - 1155
SN  - 00243590
AB  - Lake Untersee, Antarctica, is a freshwater perennially ice covered lake bounded along its north by the Anuchin glacier. The Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model, used on a representative wedge-shaped lake and actual bathymetry for Lake Untersee, produces estimates for circulation and long-term temperature and mixing trends. Modeled circulation is dominated by an anticyclonic gyre in front of the glacier, with slower [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Limnology & Oceanography is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAKE circulation
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GLACIERS
KW  - ICE formation & growth
KW  - BATHYMETRY
KW  - MARINE geophysics
N1  - Accession Number: 108350915; Steel, H. C. B. 1 McKay, C. P. 1 Andersen, D. T. 2; Affiliation:  1: MS-245-3 NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p1139; Subject Term: LAKE circulation; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GLACIERS; Subject Term: ICE formation & growth; Subject Term: BATHYMETRY; Subject Term: MARINE geophysics; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/lno.10086
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Healy, Alice
AU  - Tack, Lindsay
AU  - Schneider, Vivian
AU  - Barshi, Immanuel
T1  - Training specificity and transfer in time and distance estimation.
JO  - Memory & Cognition
JF  - Memory & Cognition
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 43
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 736
EP  - 747
SN  - 0090502X
AB  - Learning is often specific to the conditions of training, making it important to identify which aspects of the testing environment are crucial to be matched in the training environment. In the present study, we examined training specificity in time and distance estimation tasks that differed only in the focus of processing (FOP). External spatial cues were provided for the distance estimation task and for the time estimation task in one condition, but not in another. The presence of a concurrent alphabet secondary task was manipulated during training and testing in all estimation conditions in Experiment 1. For distance as well as for time estimation in both conditions, training of the primary estimation task was found to be specific to the presence of the secondary task. In Experiments 2 and 3, we examined transfer between one estimation task and another, with no secondary task in either case. When all conditions were equal aside from the FOP instructions, including the presence of external spatial cues, Experiment 2 showed 'transfer' between tasks, suggesting that training might not be specific to the FOP. When the external spatial cues were removed from the time estimation task, Experiment 3 showed no transfer between time and distance estimations, suggesting that external task cues influenced the procedures used in the estimation tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Memory & Cognition is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABILITY
KW  - ANALYSIS of variance
KW  - COGNITION
KW  - JUDGMENT (Psychology)
KW  - LEARNING
KW  - RESEARCH -- Finance
KW  - TIME
KW  - TRANSFER of training
KW  - TRAINING
KW  - TASK performance
KW  - UNDERGRADUATES
KW  - DESCRIPTIVE statistics
KW  - Distance estimation
KW  - Skill acquisition
KW  - Time estimation
KW  - Training specificity
KW  - Transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 103364786; Healy, Alice 1; Email Address: alice.healy@colorado.edu Tack, Lindsay 1 Schneider, Vivian 1 Barshi, Immanuel 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Muenzinger Building, 345 UCB Boulder 80309-0345 USA  2: Human Systems Integration Division, NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 43 Issue 5, p736; Subject Term: ABILITY; Subject Term: ANALYSIS of variance; Subject Term: COGNITION; Subject Term: JUDGMENT (Psychology); Subject Term: LEARNING; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Finance; Subject Term: TIME; Subject Term: TRANSFER of training; Subject Term: TRAINING; Subject Term: TASK performance; Subject Term: UNDERGRADUATES; Subject Term: DESCRIPTIVE statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distance estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skill acquisition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Training specificity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transfer; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3758/s13421-015-0503-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103364786&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - The growth of phenanthrene from naphthalene by C 2 H 2 additions.
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 113
IS  - 13/14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1834
EP  - 1838
SN  - 00268976
AB  - Two paths are investigated for the growth of phenanthrene from naphthalene by the addition of C2H2groups. The first series of steps leads to acenaphthylene (ACN), which is consistent with the path found previously. The addition of C2H2to ACN can yield a product with two adjacent five-membered rings. Opening one five-membered ring produces a five-membered ring with CH2side group. This can be converted to a six-membered ring in a manner analogous to the hydrogen atom catalysed fulvene to benzene conversion. A second path, with a somewhat higher barrier, can also lead to the phenanthrene product. The transition state for the second path is essentially isoenergetic with the stating material of ACN + C2H2+ H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENANTHRENE
KW  - NAPHTHALENE
KW  - ACENAPHTHYLENE
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - RING formation (Chemistry)
KW  - density functional theory (DFT)
KW  - five-membered rings
KW  - ring growth
N1  - Accession Number: 108329823; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 113 Issue 13/14, p1834; Subject Term: PHENANTHRENE; Subject Term: NAPHTHALENE; Subject Term: ACENAPHTHYLENE; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: RING formation (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: density functional theory (DFT); Author-Supplied Keyword: five-membered rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: ring growth; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268976.2015.1017016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108329823&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Rovibrational and energetic analysis of the hydroxyethynyl anion (CCOH ).
JO  - Molecular Physics
JF  - Molecular Physics
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 113
IS  - 13/14
M3  - Article
SP  - 2012
EP  - 2017
SN  - 00268976
AB  - For the first time, high-level structural and rovibrational data are provided for the hyroxyethynyl anion, CCOH−. CCOH−is a promising molecule for interstellar detection even though no new anions have been observed in the interstellar medium for the past half-decade. The large dipole moment of the corresponding neutral radical may be key for its creation as has been hypothesised and supported for other anions known to exist in various astronomical environments. Highly accurate quartic force fields are employed where previous benchmarks have produced spectroscopic constants and anharmonic vibrational frequencies within 20 MHz and 1 cm−1, respectively, of experiment. This same approach is applied here for CCOH−and its deuterated isotopologue with the goal of assisting laboratory experiments and/or astronomical observers in the potential detection of this anion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Physics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ETHYNYL compounds
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL constants
KW  - CHEMICAL potential
KW  - anions
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - quartic force fields
KW  - vibrational configuration interaction theory
KW  - vibrational frequencies
KW  - vibrational perturbation theory
N1  - Accession Number: 108329840; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA  2: MS 245-1, Division of Space Science and Astrobiology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 113 Issue 13/14, p2012; Subject Term: ETHYNYL compounds; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL constants; Subject Term: CHEMICAL potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: anions; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: quartic force fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibrational configuration interaction theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibrational frequencies; Author-Supplied Keyword: vibrational perturbation theory; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00268976.2015.1031841
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cardoso, C. V.
AU  - Burningham, B.
AU  - Smart, R. L.
AU  - van Spaandonk, L.
AU  - Baker, D.
AU  - Smith, L. C.
AU  - Zhang, Z. H.
AU  - Andrei, A. H.
AU  - Bucciarelli, B.
AU  - Dhital, S.
AU  - Jones, H. R. A.
AU  - Lattanzi, M. G.
AU  - MagazzÃ°, A.
AU  - Pinfield, D. J.
AU  - Tinney, C. G.
T1  - 49 new T dwarfs identified using methane imaging.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/07//7/1/2015
VL  - 450
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2486
EP  - 2499
SN  - 00358711
KW  - low-mass
KW  - surveys - brown dwarfs - stars
N1  - Accession Number: 108397827; Cardoso, C. V. 1,2 Burningham, B. 2,3; Email Address: b.burningham@herts.ac.uk Smart, R. L. 1 van Spaandonk, L. 2,4 Baker, D. 2 Smith, L. C. 2 Zhang, Z. H. 2,5,6 Andrei, A. H. 2,7,8,9 Bucciarelli, B. 1 Dhital, S. 10 Jones, H. R. A. 2 Lattanzi, M. G. 1 MagazzÃ°, A. 11 Pinfield, D. J. 2 Tinney, C. G. 12,13; Affiliation:  1: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Strada Osservatorio 20, 1-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  2: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: King Edward VI School, Church Street, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire CV37 6HB, UK  5: Instituto de AstrofÃ-sica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  6: Universidad de La Laguna, Dept. AstrofÃ-sica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  7: Observatorio Nacional, Rua General JosÃ© Cristino, 77 - SÃ£o Cristovao, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 20921-400, Brazil  8: SYRTE, Observatoir de Paris, 61 Avenue de l'Observatoire, F-75014 Paris, France  9: Observatorio do Valongo/UFRJ, Ladeira Pedro Antonio 43, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, 20080-090, Brazil  10: Department of Astronomy, Boston University,725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA  11: FundaciÃn Galileo Galilei-INAF, Rambla J. A. Fernandez Perez 7, E-38712 BreÃ±a Baja, Spain  12: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia  13: School of Physics, University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia; Source Info: 7/1/2015, Vol. 450 Issue 3, p2486; Author-Supplied Keyword: low-mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys - brown dwarfs - stars; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv380
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Murphy, Thomas E.
AU  - Pilorz, Stuart
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Bebout, Brad
T1  - A Novel Microsensor for Measuring Angular Distribution of Radiative Intensity.
JO  - Photochemistry & Photobiology
JF  - Photochemistry & Photobiology
Y1  - 2015/07//Jul/Aug2015
VL  - 91
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 862
EP  - 868
SN  - 00318655
AB  - This article presents the design, construction and characterization of a novel type of light probe for measuring the angular radiance distribution of light fields. The differential acceptance angle (DAA) probe can resolve the directionality of a light field in environments with steep light gradients, such as microbial mats, without the need to remove, reorient, and reinsert the probe, a clear advantage over prior techniques. The probe consists of an inner irradiance sensor inside a concentric, moveable light-absorbing sheath. The radiative intensity in a specific zenith direction can be calculated by comparing the irradiance onto the sensor at different acceptance angles. We used this probe to measure the angular radiance distribution of two sample light fields, and observed good agreement with a conventional radiance probe. The DAA probe will aid researchers in understanding light transfer physics in dense microbial communities and expedite validation of numerical radiative transfer models for these environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Photochemistry & Photobiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - PHOTOACTIVATION
KW  - PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - PHOTOOXIDATIVE stress
KW  - PHOTOBIOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 108757539; Murphy, Thomas E. 1; Email Address: thomasemurphy@utexas.edu Pilorz, Stuart 2 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 1 Bebout, Brad 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA; Source Info: Jul/Aug2015, Vol. 91 Issue 4, p862; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: PHOTOACTIVATION; Subject Term: PHOSPHOTRANSFERASES; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PHOTOOXIDATIVE stress; Subject Term: PHOTOBIOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/php.12452
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grant, Rachel A.
AU  - Raulin, Jean Pierre
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
T1  - Changes in animal activity prior to a major (M = 7) earthquake in the Peruvian Andes.
JO  - Physics & Chemistry of the Earth -  Parts A/B/C
JF  - Physics & Chemistry of the Earth -  Parts A/B/C
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 85-86
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 77
SN  - 14747065
AB  - During earthquake preparation geophysical processes occur over varying temporal and spatial scales, some leaving their mark on the surface environment, on various biota, and even affecting the ionosphere. Reports on pre-seismic changes in animal behaviour have been greeted with scepticism by the scientific community due to the necessarily anecdotal nature of much of the evidence and a lack of consensus over possible causal mechanisms. Here we present records of changes in the abundance of mammals and birds obtained over a 30 day period by motion-triggered cameras at the Yanachaga National Park, Peru, prior to the 2011 magnitude 7.0 Contamana earthquake. In addition we report on ionospheric perturbations derived from night-time very low frequency (VLF) phase data along a propagation paths passing over the epicentral region. Animal activity declined significantly over a 3-week period prior to the earthquake compared to periods of low seismic activity. Night-time ionospheric phase perturbations of the VLF signals above the epicentral area, fluctuating over the course of a few minutes, were observed, starting 2 weeks before the earthquake. The concurrent observation of two widely different and seemingly unconnected precursory phenomena is of interest because recently, it has been proposed that the multitude of reported pre-earthquake phenomena may arise from a single underlying physical process: the stress-activation of highly mobile electronic charge carriers in the Earth’s crust and their flow to the Earth’s surface. The flow of charge carriers through the rock column constitutes an electric current, which is expected to fluctuate and thereby emit electromagnetic radiation in the ultralow frequency (ULF) regime. The arrival of the charge carriers can lead to air ionization at the ground-to-air interface and the injection of massive amounts of positive airborne ions, known to be aversive to animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics & Chemistry of the Earth -  Parts A/B/C is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - IONOSPHERE
KW  - VLF emissions
KW  - SKEPTICISM
KW  - Animal behaviour
KW  - Earthquake prediction
KW  - Ionospheric anomaly
KW  - Pre-earthquake signals
N1  - Accession Number: 111322134; Grant, Rachel A. 1,2; Email Address: Rachel.grant@anglia.ac.uk Raulin, Jean Pierre 3 Freund, Friedemann T. 4,5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, East Rd, Cambridge CB11PT, UK  2: Department of Animal and Land Sciences, Hartpury College, Hartpury, Gloucester GL19 3BE, England, UK  3: CRAAM, Presbyterian MacKenzie University, São Paulo, Brazil  4: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA  5: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 85-86, p69; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Subject Term: VLF emissions; Subject Term: SKEPTICISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal behaviour; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earthquake prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionospheric anomaly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pre-earthquake signals; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pce.2015.02.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RIEKE, G. H.
AU  - WRIGHT, G. S.
AU  - BÖKER, T.
AU  - BOUWMAN, J.
AU  - COLINA, L.
AU  - GLASSE, ALISTAIR
AU  - GORDON, K. D.
AU  - GREENE, T. P.
AU  - GÜDEL, MANUEL
AU  - HENNING, TH.
AU  - JUSTTANONT, K.
AU  - LAGAGE, P. -O.
AU  - MEIXNER, M. E.
AU  - NØRGAARD-NIELSEN, H. -U.
AU  - RAY, T. P.
AU  - RESSLER, M. E.
AU  - VAN DISHOECK, E. F.
AU  - WAELKENS, C.
T1  - The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, I: Introduction.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 127
IS  - 953
M3  - Article
SP  - 584
EP  - 594
SN  - 00046280
AB  - MIRI (the Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope [JWST]) operates from 5 to 28:5 μm and combines over this range: (1) unprecedented sensitivity levels; (2) subarcsecond angular resolution; (3) freedom from atmospheric interference; (4) the inherent stability of observing in space; and (5) a suite of versatile capabilities including imaging, low- and medium-resolution spectroscopy (with an integral field unit), and coronagraphy. We illustrate the potential uses of this unique combination of capabilities with various science examples: (1) imaging exoplanets; (2) transit and eclipse spectroscopy of exoplanets; (3) probing the first stages of star and planet formation, including identifying bioactive molecules; (4) determining star formation rates and mass growth as galaxies are assembled; and (5) characterizing the youngest massive galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED equipment
KW  - ECLIPSES
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 108894848; RIEKE, G. H. 1 WRIGHT, G. S. 2 BÖKER, T. 3 BOUWMAN, J. 4 COLINA, L. 5 GLASSE, ALISTAIR 2 GORDON, K. D. 6,7 GREENE, T. P. 8 GÜDEL, MANUEL 9,10 HENNING, TH. 4 JUSTTANONT, K. 11 LAGAGE, P. -O. 12 MEIXNER, M. E. 6,13 NØRGAARD-NIELSEN, H. -U. 14 RAY, T. P. 15 RESSLER, M. E. 16 VAN DISHOECK, E. F. 17 WAELKENS, C. 18; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  2: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, United Kingdom  3: European Space Agency, c/o STScI, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218  4: Max Planck Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  5: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Dpto Astrofísica, Carretera de Ajalvir, km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain  6: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218  7: Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, 9000 Gent, Belgium  8: Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035  9: Department of Astrophysics, University of Vienna, Türkenschanzstr 17, A-1180 Vienna, Austria  10: ETH Zurich, Institute for Astronomy, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland  11: Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, S-439 92 Onsala, Sweden  12: Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, CEA-IRFU/SAp, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  13: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 366 Bloomberg Center, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218  14: National Space Institute (DTU Space), Technical University of Denmark, Juliane Mariesvej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  15: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Cosmic Physics, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland  16: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109  17: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands  18: Institute of Astronomy KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 127 Issue 953, p584; Subject Term: INFRARED equipment; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - KENDREW, SARAH
AU  - SCHEITHAUER, SILVIA
AU  - BOUCHET, PATRICE
AU  - AMIAUX, JEROME
AU  - AZZOLLINI, RUYMÁN
AU  - BOUWMAN, JEROEN
AU  - CHEN, C. H.
AU  - DUBREUIL, D.
AU  - FISCHER, SEBASTIAN
AU  - GLASSE, ALISTAIR
AU  - GREENE, T. P.
AU  - LAGAGE, P. -O.
AU  - LAHUIS, FRED
AU  - RONAYETTE, SAMUEL
AU  - WRIGHT, DAVID
AU  - WRIGHT, G. S.
T1  - The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, IV: The Low-Resolution Spectrometer.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 127
IS  - 953
M3  - Article
SP  - 623
EP  - 632
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The low-resolution spectrometer of the MIRI, which forms part of the imager module, will provide R ~ 100 long-slit and slitless spectroscopy from 5 to 12 μm. The design is optimized for observations of compact sources, such as exoplanet host stars. We provide here an overview of the design of the LRS, and its performance as measured during extensive test campaigns, examining in particular the delivered image quality, dispersion, and resolving power, as well as spectrophotometric performance, flatfield accuracy, and the effects of fringing. We describe the operational concept of the slitless mode, which is optimally suited to transit spectroscopy of exoplanet atmospheres. The LRS mode of the MIRI was found to perform consistently with its requirements and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED equipment
KW  - IMAGE quality analysis
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 108894851; KENDREW, SARAH 1,2,3; Email Address: sarah.kendrew@astro.ox.ac.uk SCHEITHAUER, SILVIA 2 BOUCHET, PATRICE 4 AMIAUX, JEROME 4 AZZOLLINI, RUYMÁN 5,6 BOUWMAN, JEROEN 2 CHEN, C. H. 7 DUBREUIL, D. 4 FISCHER, SEBASTIAN 8,9 GLASSE, ALISTAIR 10 GREENE, T. P. 11 LAGAGE, P. -O. 4 LAHUIS, FRED 3,12 RONAYETTE, SAMUEL 4 WRIGHT, DAVID 13 WRIGHT, G. S. 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  2: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands  4: Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, CEA-IRFU/SAp, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  5: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Cosmic Physics, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland  6: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Dpto Astrofísica, Carretera de Ajalvir, km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardz, Madrid, Spain  7: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218  8: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Königswinterer Str. 522-524, 53227 Bonn, Germany  9: I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany  10: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ Scotland, UK  11: Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035  12: SRON--Groningen Landleven 12, 9747AD Groningen, The Netherlands  13: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., Greenbelt, MD 20770; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 127 Issue 953, p623; Subject Term: INFRARED equipment; Subject Term: IMAGE quality analysis; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - RIEKE, G. H.
AU  - RESSLER, M. E.
AU  - MORRISON, JANE E.
AU  - BERGERON, L.
AU  - BOUCHET, PATRICE
AU  - GARCÍA-MARÍN, MACARENA
AU  - GREENE, T. P.
AU  - REGAN, M. W.
AU  - SUKHATME, K. G.
AU  - WALKER, HELEN
T1  - The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, VII: The MIRI Detectors.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 127
IS  - 953
M3  - Article
SP  - 665
EP  - 674
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The MIRI Si:As IBC detector arrays extend the heritage technology from the Spitzer IRAC arrays to a 1024 × 1024 pixel format. We provide a short discussion of the principles of operation, design, and performance of the individual MIRI detectors, in support of a description of their operation in arrays provided in an accompanying paper. We then describe modeling of their response. We find that electron diffusion is an important component of their performance, although it was omitted in previous models. Our new model will let us optimize the bias voltage while avoiding avalanche gain. It also predicts the fraction of the IR-active layer that is depleted (and thus contributes to the quantum efficiency) as signal is accumulated on the array amplifier. Another set of models accurately predicts the nonlinearity of the detector-amplifier unit and has guided determination of the corrections for nonlinearity. Finally, we discuss how diffraction at the interpixel gaps and total internal reflection can produce the extended cross-like artifacts around images with these arrays at short wavelengths, ~5 μm. The modeling of the behavior of these devices is helping optimize how we operate them and also providing inputs to the development of the data pipeline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED equipment
KW  - FREQUENCY modulation detectors
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - AVALANCHES
KW  - ELECTRONS -- Diffusion
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 108894853; RIEKE, G. H. 1 RESSLER, M. E. 2 MORRISON, JANE E. 1 BERGERON, L. 3 BOUCHET, PATRICE 4 GARCÍA-MARÍN, MACARENA 5 GREENE, T. P. 6 REGAN, M. W. 3 SUKHATME, K. G. 2 WALKER, HELEN 7; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218  4: Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, CEA-IRFU/SAp, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France  5: I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Str. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany  6: NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035  7: RALSpace, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Lab., Harwell, Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 127 Issue 953, p665; Subject Term: INFRARED equipment; Subject Term: FREQUENCY modulation detectors; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: AVALANCHES; Subject Term: ELECTRONS -- Diffusion; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GORDON, KARL D.
AU  - CHEN, C. H.
AU  - ANDERSON, RACHEL E.
AU  - AZZOLLINI, RUYMÁN
AU  - BERGERON, L.
AU  - BOUCHET, PATRICE
AU  - BOUWMAN, JEROEN
AU  - CRACRAFT, MISTY
AU  - FISCHER, SEBASTIAN
AU  - FRIEDMAN, SCOTT D.
AU  - GARCÍA-MARÍN, MACARENA
AU  - GLASSE, ALISTAIR
AU  - GLAUSER, ADRIAN M.
AU  - GOODSON, G. B.
AU  - GREENE, T. P.
AU  - HINES, DEAN C.
AU  - KHORRAMI, M. A.
AU  - LAHUIS, FRED
AU  - LAJOIE, C.-P.
AU  - MEIXNER, M. E.
T1  - The Mid-Infrared Instrument for the James Webb Space Telescope, X: Operations and Data Reduction.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 127
IS  - 953
M3  - Article
SP  - 696
EP  - 711
SN  - 00046280
AB  - We describe the operations concept and data reduction plan for the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The overall JWST operations concept is to use observation templates (OTs) to provide a straightforward and intuitive way for users to specify observations. MIRI has four OTs that correspond to the four observing modes: (1) imaging, (2) coronagraphy, (3) low-resolution spectroscopy, and (4) medium-resolution spectroscopy. We outline the user choices and expansion of these choices into detailed instrument operations. The data reduction plans for MIRI are split into three stages, where the specificity of the reduction steps to the observation type increases with stage. The reduction starts with integration ramps: stage 1 yields uncalibrated slope images; stage 2 calibrates the slope images; and then stage 3 combines multiple calibrated slope images into high-level data products (e.g., mosaics, spectral cubes, and extracted source information). Finally, we give examples of the data and data products that will be derived from each of the four different OTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED equipment
KW  - DATA reduction
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 108894856; GORDON, KARL D. 1,2 CHEN, C. H. 1 ANDERSON, RACHEL E. 1 AZZOLLINI, RUYMÁN 3,4 BERGERON, L. 1 BOUCHET, PATRICE 5 BOUWMAN, JEROEN 6 CRACRAFT, MISTY 1 FISCHER, SEBASTIAN 7,8 FRIEDMAN, SCOTT D. 1 GARCÍA-MARÍN, MACARENA 8 GLASSE, ALISTAIR 9 GLAUSER, ADRIAN M. 10 GOODSON, G. B. 11 GREENE, T. P. 12 HINES, DEAN C. 1 KHORRAMI, M. A. 11 LAHUIS, FRED 13,14 LAJOIE, C.-P. 1 MEIXNER, M. E. 1,15; Affiliation:  1: SpaceTelescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore,MD21218.  2: Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Gent, Belgium.  3: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, School of Cosmic Physics, 31 Fitzwilliam Place, Dublin 2, Ireland.  4: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), Dpto Astrofísica, Carretera de Ajalvir, km 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain.  5: Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, CEA-IRFU/SAp, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.  6: Max Planck Insitut für Astronomie (MPIA), Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.  7: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Königswinterer Str. 522-524, 53227 Bonn, Germany.  8: I. Physikalisches Institut. Universität Köln, Zülpicher STr. 77, 50937 Köln, Germany.  9: UK Astronomy Technology Centre, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ Scotland, United Kingdom.  10: ETH Zurich, Institute for Astronomy, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91108.  12: Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  13: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.  14: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, PO Box 800, 9700AV Groningen, Netherlands.  15: Johns Hopkins University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 366 Bloomberg Center, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218.; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 127 Issue 953, p696; Subject Term: INFRARED equipment; Subject Term: DATA reduction; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ham, Seung-Hee
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Barker, Howard W.
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
AU  - Sun-Mack, Sunny
T1  - Improving the modelling of short-wave radiation through the use of a 3D scene construction algorithm.
JO  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
JF  - Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 141
IS  - 690
M3  - Article
SP  - 1870
EP  - 1883
SN  - 00359009
AB  - Active satellite sensors, such as Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) and CloudSat, provide cloud properties that are not available from passive sensors, such as MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). While active sensors provide vertical profiles of clouds, their spatial coverage is limited to their narrow, nadir ground-track. As a result, estimation of radiation by combining active sensors and broadband instrument has limitations due to their different spatial coverages. This study uses a scene construction algorithm (SCA) and MODIS data to extend two-dimensional (2D) nadir cloud profiles into the cross-track direction, and examines how the resulting constructed 3D cloud fields improve simulation of solar radiative transfer. Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) radiances are used as references to assess the improvements. While use of constructed 3D cloud fields only slightly impacts mean-bias errors for instantaneous 20 km CERES footprint-averaged top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiances, reductions in random errors are about 40%. The largest improvements in TOA radiance simulation are for clouds with small-scale horizontal inhomogeneity such as stratocumulus and cumulus. In contrast, uniform clouds such as nimbostratus, and deep convective clouds (Dc) show little response to the SCA. The impact of using the SCA on instantaneous surface irradiances is significant for stratocumulus and cumulus, but weak for nimbostratus and Dc. Conversely, SCA significantly influences atmospheric absorption and heating rates for nimbostratus and Dc. Differences in TOA radiances simulated by 1D and 3D transfer models are smaller than differences due to use of only the 2D nadir cross-sections and the 3D constructed fields. This is because of smoothing of 3D radiative effects when averaged up to CERES footprints. For surface irradiance and atmospheric absorption, however, differences simulated by 1D and 3D transfer models are more comparable to differences that stem from use of 2D and 3D cloud information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - STRATOCUMULUS clouds
KW  - CALIPSO
KW  - CERES
KW  - CloudSat
KW  - independent column approximation (ICA)
KW  - scene construction algorithm (SCA)
KW  - three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 108997054; Ham, Seung-Hee 1 Kato, Seiji 1 Barker, Howard W. 2 Rose, Fred G. 3 Sun-Mack, Sunny 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center  2: Environment Canada  3: Science Systems and Applications Inc. (SSAI); Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 141 Issue 690, p1870; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: STRATOCUMULUS clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: CERES; Author-Supplied Keyword: CloudSat; Author-Supplied Keyword: independent column approximation (ICA); Author-Supplied Keyword: scene construction algorithm (SCA); Author-Supplied Keyword: three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/qj.2491
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wensheng Huang
AU  - Shastry, Rohit
T1  - Analysis of Wien filter spectra from Hall thruster plumes.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2015/07//
VL  - 86
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00346748
AB  - A method for analyzing the Wien filter spectra obtained from the plumes of Hall thrusters is derived and presented. The new method extends upon prior work by deriving the integration equations for the current and species fractions. Wien filter spectra from the plume of the NASA-300M Hall thruster are analyzed with the presented method and the results are used to examine key trends. The new integration method is found to produce results slightly different from the traditional area-under-the-curve method. The use of different velocity distribution forms when performing curve-fits to the peaks in the spectra is compared. Additional comparison is made with the scenario where the current fractions are assumed to be proportional to the heights of peaks. The comparison suggests that the calculated current fractions are not sensitive to the choice of form as long as both the height and width of the peaks are accounted for. Conversely, forms that only account for the height of the peaks produce inaccurate results. Also presented are the equations for estimating the uncertainty associated with applying curve fits and charge-exchange corrections. These uncertainty equations can be used to plan the geometry of the experimental setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIEN effect
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity -- Research
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - CURVE fitting
KW  - CHARGE exchange
KW  - RESEARCH
N1  - Accession Number: 108464196; Wensheng Huang 1; Email Address: wensheng.huang@nasa.gov Shastry, Rohit 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 86 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: WIEN effect; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity -- Research; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: CURVE fitting; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4923282
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gordon, Peter V.
AU  - Gotti, Daniel J.
AU  - Hegde, Uday G.
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Kulis, Michael J.
AU  - Sivashinsky, Gregory I.
T1  - An elementary model for autoignition of laminar jets.
JO  - Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
JF  - Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences
Y1  - 2015/07/08/
VL  - 471
IS  - 2179
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 13645021
AB  - In this paper, we formulate and analyse an elementary model for autoignition of cylindrical laminar jets of fuel injected into an oxidizing ambient at rest. This study is motivated by renewed interest in analysis of hydrothermal flames for which such configuration is common. As a result of our analysis, we obtain a sharp characterization of the autoignition position in terms of the principal physical and geometrical parameters of the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL formulas
KW  - HEAT equation -- Numerical solutions
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - autoignition
KW  - blow-up
KW  - diffusion flames
KW  - heat equation
KW  - hydrothermal flames
KW  - thermal runaway
N1  - Accession Number: 109094039; Gordon, Peter V. 1; Email Address: pgordon@uakron.edu Gotti, Daniel J. 2 Hegde, Uday G. 3 Hicks, Michael C. 4 Kulis, Michael J. 4 Sivashinsky, Gregory I. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: School of Mathematical Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Source Info: 7/8/2015, Vol. 471 Issue 2179, p1; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL formulas; Subject Term: HEAT equation -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: autoignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: blow-up; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrothermal flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal runaway; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1098/rspa.2015.0059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michael R. Line
AU  - Johanna Teske
AU  - Ben Burningham
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - Mark S. Marley
T1  - UNIFORM ATMOSPHERIC RETRIEVAL ANALYSIS OF ULTRACOOL DWARFS. I. CHARACTERIZING BENCHMARKS, Gl 570D AND HD 3651B.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/07/10/
VL  - 807
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Interpreting the spectra of brown dwarfs is key to determining the fundamental physical and chemical processes occurring in their atmospheres. Powerful Bayesian atmospheric retrieval tools have recently been applied to both exoplanet and brown dwarf spectra to tease out the thermal structures and molecular abundances to understand those processes. In this manuscript we develop a significantly upgraded retrieval method and apply it to the SpeX spectral library data of two benchmark late T dwarfs, Gl 570D and HD 3651B, to establish the validity of our upgraded forward model parameterization and Bayesian estimator. Our retrieved metallicities, gravities, and effective temperatures are consistent with the metallicity and presumed ages of the systems. We add the carbon-to-oxygen ratio as a new dimension to benchmark systems and find good agreement between carbon-to-oxygen ratios derived in the brown dwarfs and the host stars. Furthermore, we have for the first time unambiguously determined the presence of ammonia in the low-resolution spectra of these two late T dwarfs. We also show that the retrieved results are not significantly impacted by the possible presence of clouds, though some quantities are significantly impacted by uncertainties in photometry. This investigation represents a watershed study in establishing the utility of atmospheric retrieval approaches on brown dwarf spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - CHEMICAL processes
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - AMMONIA -- Analysis
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 108327702; Michael R. Line 1; Email Address: mrline@ucsc.edu Johanna Teske 2,3 Ben Burningham 4,5,6 Jonathan J. Fortney 1 Mark S. Marley 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Carnegie DTM, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA  3: Carnegie Origins Fellow, jointly appointed by Carnegie DTM & Carnegie Observatories.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3; Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Center for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  6: Marie Curie Fellow.; Source Info: 7/10/2015, Vol. 807 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: CHEMICAL processes; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: AMMONIA -- Analysis; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/807/2/183
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ko, Myung-Dong
AU  - Rim, Taiuk
AU  - Kim, Kihyun
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Baek, Chang-Ki
T1  - High efficiency silicon solar cell based on asymmetric nanowire.
JO  - Scientific Reports
JF  - Scientific Reports
Y1  - 2015/07/10/
M3  - Article
SP  - 11646
SN  - 20452322
AB  - Improving the efficiency of solar cells through novel materials and devices is critical to realize the full potential of solar energy to meet the growing worldwide energy demands. We present here a highly efficient radial p-n junction silicon solar cell using an asymmetric nanowire structure with a shorter bottom core diameter than at the top. A maximum short circuit current density of 27.5 mA/cm2 and an efficiency of 7.53% were realized without anti-reflection coating. Changing the silicon nanowire (SiNW) structure from conventional symmetric to asymmetric nature improves the efficiency due to increased short circuit current density. From numerical simulation and measurement of the optical characteristics, the total reflection on the sidewalls is seen to increase the light trapping path and charge carrier generation in the radial junction of the asymmetric SiNW, yielding high external quantum efficiency and short circuit current density. The proposed asymmetric structure has great potential to effectively improve the efficiency of the SiNW solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON solar cells
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SHORT circuits
KW  - CURRENT density (Electromagnetism)
N1  - Accession Number: 108300160; Ko, Myung-Dong 1 Rim, Taiuk 2 Kim, Kihyun 2 Meyyappan, M. 3 Baek, Chang-Ki 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Kyeongbuk, Korea  2: Department of Creative IT Engineering &Future IT Innovation Lab (POSTECH i-Lab), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Kyeongbuk, Korea  3: 1] Department of Creative IT Engineering &Future IT Innovation Lab (POSTECH i-Lab), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Kyeongbuk, Korea [2] NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035  4: 1] Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Kyeongbuk, Korea [2] Department of Creative IT Engineering &Future IT Innovation Lab (POSTECH i-Lab), Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Kyeongbuk, Korea; Source Info: 7/10/2015, p11646; Subject Term: SILICON solar cells; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SHORT circuits; Subject Term: CURRENT density (Electromagnetism); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/srep11646
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bours, M. C. P.
AU  - Marsh, T. R.
AU  - Gänsicke, B. T.
AU  - Tauris, T. M.
AU  - Istrate, A. G.
AU  - Badenes, C.
AU  - Dhillon, V. S.
AU  - Gal-Yam, A.
AU  - Hermes, J. J.
AU  - Kengkriangkrai, S.
AU  - Kilic, M.
AU  - Koester, D.
AU  - Mullally, F.
AU  - Prasert, N.
AU  - Steeghs, D.
AU  - Thompson, S. E.
AU  - Thorstensen, J. R.
T1  - A double white dwarf with a paradoxical origin?
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/07/11/
VL  - 450
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3966
EP  - 3974
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present Hubble Space Telescope UV spectra of the 4.6-h-period double white dwarf SDSS J125733.63+542850.5. Combined with Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical data, these reveal that the massive white dwarf (secondary) has an effective temperature T2 = 13 030 ± 70 ± 150 K and a surface gravity log g2 = 8.73 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 (statistical and systematic uncertainties, respectively), leading to a mass of M2 = 1.06 M⊙. The temperature of the extremely low-mass white dwarf (primary) is substantially lower at T1 = 6400 ± 37 ± 50 K, while its surface gravity is poorly constrained by the data. The relative flux contribution of the two white dwarfs across the spectrum provides a radius ratio of R1/R2 ≃ 4.2, which, together with evolutionary models, allows us to calculate the cooling ages. The secondary massive white dwarf has a cooling age of ~1 Gyr, while that of the primary low-mass white dwarf is likely to be much longer, possibly ≳5 Gyr, depending on its mass and the strength of chemical diffusion. These results unexpectedly suggest that the low-mass white dwarf formed long before the massive white dwarf, a puzzling discovery which poses a paradox for binary evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - BINARY systems (Astronomy)
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - stars: individual: SDSS J125733.63+542850.5
KW  - white dwarfs
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
KW  - SLOAN Digital Sky Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 110315296; Bours, M. C. P. 1; Email Address: m.c.p.bours@warwick.ac.uk Marsh, T. R. 1 Gänsicke, B. T. 1 Tauris, T. M. 2,3 Istrate, A. G. 2 Badenes, C. 4 Dhillon, V. S. 5 Gal-Yam, A. 6 Hermes, J. J. 1 Kengkriangkrai, S. 7 Kilic, M. 8 Koester, D. 9 Mullally, F. 10 Prasert, N. 7 Steeghs, D. 1 Thompson, S. E. 10 Thorstensen, J. R. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK  2: Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany  3: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Allen Hall, 3941 O'Hara St, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK  6: Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel  7: National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, 191 Siripphanich Building, Huay Kaew Road, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019, USA  9: Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, Germany  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; Source Info: 7/11/2015, Vol. 450 Issue 4, p3966; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: BINARY systems (Astronomy); Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: SDSS J125733.63+542850.5; Author-Supplied Keyword: white dwarfs; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: SLOAN Digital Sky Survey; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv889
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
AU  - Hurley, D.M.
AU  - Zimmerman, M.I.
T1  - Solar wind implantation into lunar regolith: Hydrogen retention in a surface with defects.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/07/15/
VL  - 255
M3  - Article
SP  - 116
EP  - 126
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Solar wind protons are implanted directly into the top 100 nm of the lunar near-surface region, but can either quickly diffuse out of the surface or be retained, depending upon surface temperature and the activation energy, U , associated with the implantation site. In this work, we explore the distribution of activation energies upon implantation and the associated hydrogen-retention times; this for comparison with recent observation of OH on the lunar surface. We apply a Monte Carlo approach: for simulated solar wind protons at a given local time, we assume a distribution of U values with a central peak, U c and width, U w , and derive the fraction retained for long periods in the near-surface. We find that surfaces characterized by a distribution with predominantly large values of U (>1 eV) like that expected at defect sites will retain implanted H (to likely form OH). Surfaces with the distribution predominantly at small values of U (<0.2 eV) will quickly diffuse away implanted H. However, surfaces with a large portion of activation energies between 0.3 eV < U < 0.9 eV will tend to be H-retentive in cool conditions but transform into H-emissive surfaces when warmed (as when the surface rotates into local noon). These mid-range activation energies give rise to a diurnal effect with diffusive loss of H at noontime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - ACTIVATION energy
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects
KW  - Moon
KW  - Regolith
KW  - Solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 102720664; Farrell, W.M. 1,2 Hurley, D.M. 2,3 Zimmerman, M.I. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  2: NASA’s Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 255, p116; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Subject Term: ACTIVATION energy; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regolith; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.09.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102720664&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chad Hornbuckle, B.
AU  - Yu, Xiao X.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Martens, Richard
AU  - Weaver, Mark L.
AU  - Thompson, Gregory B.
T1  - Hardening behavior and phase decomposition in very Ni-rich Nitinol alloys.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2015/07/15/
VL  - 639
M3  - Article
SP  - 336
EP  - 344
SN  - 09215093
AB  - A series of Ni-rich Nitinol compositions spanning from 53NiTi to 58NiTi (at%) have been solutionized at 1050 °C and aged at 400 °C, 625 °C, and 750 °C for varying times to determine the correlation between microstructure and hardenability. Compositions of 55NiT, 56NiTi, and 57NiTi displayed peak hardness values near 650 VHN upon quenching, which are on par with tool steels. Upon aging at 400 °C, all but the 55NiTi and 56NiTi compositions exhibited a decrease in hardness initiating, between 1 and 10 h for the lower Ni alloys and after 100 h for the highest Ni containing alloys. The high hardness, including the solution treated condition, was attributed to the precipitation of a large volume fraction of nanoscale Ni 4 Ti 3 platelets that resulted in narrow B2 NiTi matrix channels. These channels provided a microstructure-driven strengthening morphology. Upon increasing Ni content to greater than 56NiTi and increasing the aging time and temperature, the Ni 4 Ti 3 phase decomposed to either Ni 3 Ti 2 and/or Ni 3 Ti with a subsequent loss in hardness. The decomposition morphology between the precipitates was characterized by serial sectioning showing that Ni 4 Ti 3 platelets acted as a heterogeneous nucleation site and subsequent Ni-reservoir during the growth of globular Ni 3 Ti precipitates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - HARDENING (Heat treatment)
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - METALS -- Quenching
KW  - Microstructural characterization
KW  - Nitinol
KW  - Phase stability
KW  - Precipitation strengthening
N1  - Accession Number: 103425430; Chad Hornbuckle, B. 1 Yu, Xiao X. 1 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Martens, Richard 3 Weaver, Mark L. 1 Thompson, Gregory B. 1; Email Address: gthompson@eng.ua.edu; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: The University of Alabama, Central Analytical Facility, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 639, p336; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: HARDENING (Heat treatment); Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: METALS -- Quenching; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructural characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitinol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation strengthening; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2015.04.079
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - I. N. Kitiashvili
AU  - S. Couvidat
AU  - A. Lagg
T1  - USING REALISTIC MHD SIMULATIONS FOR THE MODELING AND INTERPRETATION OF QUIET-SUN OBSERVATIONS WITH THE SOLAR DYNAMICS OBSERVATORY HELIOSEISMIC AND MAGNETIC IMAGER.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/07/20/
VL  - 808
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The solar atmosphere is extremely dynamic, and many important phenomena develop on small scales that are unresolved in observations with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory. For correct calibration and interpretation of the observations, it is very important to investigate the effects of small-scale structures and dynamics on the HMI observables, such as Doppler shift, continuum intensity, spectral line depth, and width. We use 3D radiative hydrodynamics simulations of the upper turbulent convective layer and the atmosphere of the Sun, and a spectro-polarimetric radiative transfer code to study observational characteristics of the Fe i 6173 Å line observed by HMI in quiet-Sun regions. We use the modeling results to investigate the sensitivity of the line Doppler shift to plasma velocity, and also sensitivities of the line parameters to plasma temperature and density, and determine effective line formation heights for observations of solar regions located at different distances from the disk center. These estimates are important for the interpretation of helioseismology measurements. In addition, we consider various center-to-limb effects, such as convective blueshift, variations of helioseismic travel-times, and the “concave” Sun effect, and show that the simulations can qualitatively reproduce the observed phenomena, indicating that these effects are related to a complex interaction of the solar dynamics and radiative transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLAR chromosphere
KW  - PLASMA temperature
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 108504496; I. N. Kitiashvili 1,2 S. Couvidat 2 A. Lagg 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  2: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  3: Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Göttingen, D-37077, Germany; Source Info: 7/20/2015, Vol. 808 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLAR chromosphere; Subject Term: PLASMA temperature; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/59
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - I. N. Sharykin
AU  - A. G. Kosovichev
T1  - DYNAMICS OF ELECTRIC CURRENTS, MAGNETIC FIELD TOPOLOGY, AND HELIOSEISMIC RESPONSE OF A SOLAR FLARE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/07/20/
VL  - 808
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The solar flare on 2011 July 30 was of a modest X-ray class (M9.3), but it made a strong photospheric impact and produced a “sunquake,” which was observed with the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory. In addition to the helioseismic waves, the flare caused a large expanding area of white-light emission and was accompanied by the rapid formation of a sunspot structure in the flare region. The flare produced hard X-ray (HXR) emission less then 300 keV and no coronal mass ejection (CME). The absence of CME rules out magnetic rope eruption as a mechanism of helioseismic waves. The sunquake impact does not coincide with the strongest HXR source, which contradicts the standard beam-driven mechanism of sunquake generation. We discuss the connectivity of the flare energy release with the electric currents dynamics and show the potential importance of high-speed plasma flows in the lower solar atmosphere during the flare energy release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - X-ray astronomy
KW  - SOLAR photosphere
KW  - SOLAR radio emission
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
KW  - SOLAR atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 108504475; I. N. Sharykin 1,2 A. G. Kosovichev 1,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Big Bear City, CA 92314, USA  2: Space Research Institute (IKI) of the Russian Academy of Science, Russia  3: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 7/20/2015, Vol. 808 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: X-ray astronomy; Subject Term: SOLAR photosphere; Subject Term: SOLAR radio emission; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: SOLAR atmosphere; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/72
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108504475&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juan A. Sanchez
AU  - Vishnu Reddy
AU  - Melissa Dykhuis
AU  - Sean Lindsay
AU  - Lucille Le Corre
T1  - COMPOSITION OF POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ASTEROID (214869) 2007 PA8: AN H CHONDRITE FROM THE OUTER ASTEROID BELT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/07/20/
VL  - 808
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) represent a unique opportunity for physical characterization during their close approaches to Earth. The proximity of these asteroids makes them accessible for sample-return and manned missions, but could also represent a risk for life on Earth in the event of collision. Therefore, a detailed mineralogical analysis is a key component in planning future exploration missions and developing appropriate mitigation strategies. In this study we present near-infrared spectra (∼0.7–2.55 μm) of PHA (214869) 2007 PA8 obtained with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility during its close approach to Earth on 2012 November. The mineralogical analysis of this asteroid revealed a surface composition consistent with H ordinary chondrites. In particular, we found that the olivine and pyroxene chemistries of 2007 PA8 are Fa18(Fo82) and Fs16, respectively. The olivine–pyroxene abundance ratio was estimated to be 47%. This low olivine abundance and the measured band parameters, close to the H4 and H5 chondrites, suggest that the parent body of 2007 PA8 experienced thermal metamorphism before being catastrophically disrupted. Based on the compositional affinity, proximity to the J5:2 resonance, and estimated flux of resonant objects we determined that the Koronis family is the most likely source region for 2007 PA8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTEROID belt
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - COLLISION phenomena (Physics)
KW  - OLIVINE
KW  - PYROXENE
N1  - Accession Number: 108504513; Juan A. Sanchez 1,2; Email Address: jsanchez@psi.edu Vishnu Reddy 1,2 Melissa Dykhuis 3 Sean Lindsay 4 Lucille Le Corre 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  4: Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, UK; Source Info: 7/20/2015, Vol. 808 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTEROID belt; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: COLLISION phenomena (Physics); Subject Term: OLIVINE; Subject Term: PYROXENE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/808/1/93
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108504513&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Just, Allan C.
AU  - Wright, Robert O.
AU  - Schwartz, Joel
AU  - Coull, Brent A.
AU  - Baccarelli, Andrea A.
AU  - Tellez-Rojo, Martha María
AU  - Moody, Emily
AU  - Wang, Yujie
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Kloog, Itai
T1  - Using High-Resolution Satellite Aerosol Optical Depth To Estimate Daily PM2.5 Geographical Distribution in Mexico City.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/07/21/
VL  - 49
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 8576
EP  - 8584
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Recent advances in estimating fine particle (PM2.5) ambient concentrations use daily satellite measurements of aerosol optical depth (AOD) for spatially and temporally resolved exposure estimates. Mexico City is a dense megacity that differs from other previously modeled regions in several ways: it has bright land surfaces, a distinctive climatological cycle, and an elevated semi-enclosed air basin with a unique planetary boundary layer dynamic. We extend our previous satellite methodology to the Mexico City area, a region with higher PM2.5 than most U.S. and European urban areas. Using a novel 1 km resolution AOD product from the MODIS instrument, we constructed daily predictions across the greater Mexico City area for 2004-2014. We calibrated the association of AOD to PM2.5 daily using municipal ground monitors, land use, and meteorological features. Predictions used spatial and temporal smoothing to estimate AOD when satellite data were missing. Our model performed well, resulting in an out-of-sample cross-validation R² of 0.724. Cross-validated root-mean-squared prediction error (RMSPE) of the model was 5.55 μg/m³. This novel model reconstructs long- and short-term spatially resolved exposure to PM2.5 for epidemiological studies in Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - SPATIOTEMPORAL processes
KW  - MEXICO
N1  - Accession Number: 115707532; Just, Allan C. 1; Email Address: acjust@hsph.harvard.edu Wright, Robert O. 2 Schwartz, Joel 1 Coull, Brent A. 3 Baccarelli, Andrea A. 1 Tellez-Rojo, Martha María 4 Moody, Emily 5 Wang, Yujie 6 Lyapustin, Alexei 7 Kloog, Itai 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States  2: Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States  3: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States  4: Center of Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, Mexico  5: Department of Internal Medicine−Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States  6: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 613, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States  8: Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 8410501, Israel; Source Info: 7/21/2015, Vol. 49 Issue 14, p8576; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: SPATIOTEMPORAL processes; Subject Term: MEXICO; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.5b00859
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115707532&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ellis, D.L.
AU  - Carter, J.L.W.
AU  - Ferry, M.H.
T1  - A statistical study of the effects of processing upon the creep properties of GRCop-84.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2015/07/29/
VL  - 640
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Reusable launch vehicles require main combustion chamber liner materials that can withstand elevated temperatures and high stresses without creeping. GRCop-84 (Cu–8 at% Cr–4 at% Nb) was developed to meet this need. The Cr 2 Nb precipitates formed in the alloy strengthen the Cu matrix by impeding dislocation motion and inhibiting grain growth. GRCop-84 has been produced in a variety of forms, each with a unique processing history. The creep properties of the various forms were compared, and results demonstrated that processing had a statistically significant, quantifiable effect upon the creep properties of GRCop-84. The differences in creep properties could largely be explained by texture, testing environment and scatter of the test results. Even with the statistical differences, GRCop-84 did not show grossly different creep results as a function of processing, indicating that any of the processing methods would be suitable for producing a rocket engine liner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - COMBUSTION chambers
KW  - HIGH temperature physics
KW  - DISLOCATIONS in crystals
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - COPPER alloys
KW  - Copper alloy
KW  - Creep properties
KW  - Processing
KW  - Texture
N1  - Accession Number: 103654244; Ellis, D.L. 1; Email Address: david.l.ellis@nasa.gov Carter, J.L.W. 2; Email Address: jwc137@case.edu Ferry, M.H. 3; Email Address: Matt.Ferry@ATImetals.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 49-117, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of California–Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA  3: ATI Powder Metals (formerly Crucible Research), 6515 Steubenville Pike, Pittsburgh, PA 15205, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 640, p1; Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Subject Term: COMBUSTION chambers; Subject Term: HIGH temperature physics; Subject Term: DISLOCATIONS in crystals; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Subject Term: COPPER alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Texture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331410 Nonferrous Metal (except Aluminum) Smelting and Refining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331420 Copper Rolling, Drawing, Extruding, and Alloying; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103654244&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nathal, M.V.
AU  - Bierer, J.
AU  - Evans, L.
AU  - Pogue, E.A.
AU  - Ritzert, F.
AU  - Gabb, T.P.
T1  - Stress relaxation behavior in single crystal superalloys.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2015/07/29/
VL  - 640
M3  - Article
SP  - 295
EP  - 304
SN  - 09215093
AB  - The objective of this study was to examine the stress relaxation response and corresponding changes in microstructure of single crystal superalloys. The effects of temperature and time on stress relaxation response were examined for single crystal superalloys CMSX-4 and EPM-102. Stress–strain rate data from relaxation tests was in good agreement with constant load tests; it was further refined by testing samples from the same casting, and by eliminating the effects of primary creep in the stress relaxation test. From these tests, it was determined that EPM-102 had higher resistance to stress relaxation than CMSX-4 at and above 982 °C. Additionally, time-dependent strain recovery (“viscoelasticity”) was observed after unloading during these tests. The single crystal alloys displayed directional coarsening after stress relaxation testing at high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRESS relaxation (Mechanics)
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - STRAIN rate (Materials science)
KW  - CREEP (Materials)
KW  - Casting
KW  - Mechanical characterization
KW  - Nickel based superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 103654209; Nathal, M.V. 1 Bierer, J. 2 Evans, L. 1 Pogue, E.A. 3 Ritzert, F. 1 Gabb, T.P. 1; Email Address: Timothy.P.Gabb@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Vantage Partners, LLC, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Source Info: Jul2015, Vol. 640, p295; Subject Term: STRESS relaxation (Mechanics); Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: STRAIN rate (Materials science); Subject Term: CREEP (Materials); Author-Supplied Keyword: Casting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel based superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2015.05.102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103654209&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balakumar, P.
AU  - Kegerise, Michael A.
T1  - Receptivity of Hypersonic Boundary Layers over Straight and Flared Cones.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 53
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2097
EP  - 2109
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The effects of adverse pressure gradients on the receptivity and stability of hypersonic boundary layers were numerically investigated. Simulations were performed for boundary-layer flows over a straight cone and two flared cones. The steady and the unsteady flowfields were obtained by solving the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in axisymmetric coordinates using the fifth-order-accurate weighted essentially nonoscillatory scheme for space discretization and using a third-order total-variation-diminishing Runge-Kutta scheme for time integration. The mean boundary-layer profiles were analyzed using local stability and nonlocal parabolized stability equations methods. After the most amplified disturbances were identified, two-dimensional plane acoustic waves were introduced at the outer boundary of the computational domain and time-accurate simulations were performed. The adverse pressure gradient was found to affect the boundary-layer stability in two important ways. First, the frequency of the most amplified second-mode disturbance was increased relative to the zero-pressure gradient case. Second, the amplification of first- and second-mode disturbances was increased. Although an adverse pressure gradient enhances instability wave growth rates, small nose-tip bluntness was found to delay transition due to the low receptivity coefficient and the resulting weak initial amplitude of the instability waves. The computed and measured amplitude-frequency spectra in all three cases agree very well in terms of frequency and the shape except for the amplitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - PLASMA boundary layers
KW  - PRESSURE gages
KW  - STEADY state conduction
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - GRADIENT-index devices
N1  - Accession Number: 108685206; Balakumar, P. 1 Kegerise, Michael A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23581; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 53 Issue 8, p2097; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: PLASMA boundary layers; Subject Term: PRESSURE gages; Subject Term: STEADY state conduction; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: GRADIENT-index devices; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053432
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A. E.
T1  - Prediction of Near-Field Jet Cross Spectra.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 53
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2130
EP  - 2150
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A prediction method is developed based on the acoustic analogy for the cross-power spectral density in the convecting near field of compressible fluid turbulence. Equivalent source near-field, midfield, and far-Held terms within the model integrand create corresponding near-field, midfield, and far-field radiating waves. These equivalent sources are modeled with a single equation for the two-point cross correlation of the Lighthill stress tensor that is dependent on the jet operating conditions. An alternative equivalent source model based on steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions is proposed. The cross-power spectral density model automatically reduces to a traditional autopower spectral density model when observers are at the same location. Predictions of radiation intensity and coherence compare favorably with measurements in the near field, midfield, and far field for a wide range of jet Mach numbers and temperature ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - NEAR-field microscopy
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 108685209; Miller, Steven A. E. 1; Email Address: s.miller@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 53 Issue 8, p2130; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: NEAR-field microscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053614
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malik, Mujeeb
AU  - Wei Liao
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
T1  - Discrete-Roughness-Element-Enhanced Swept-Wing Natural Laminar Flow at High Reynolds Numbers.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 53
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2321
EP  - 2334
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Nonlinear parabolized stability equations and secondary-instability analyses are used to provide a computational assessment of the potential use of the discrete-roughness-element technology for extending swept-wing natural laminar flow at chord Reynolds numbers relevant to transport aircraft. Computations performed for the boundary layer on a natural-laminar-flow airfoil with a leading-edge sweep angle of 34.6 deg, freestream Mach number of 0.75, and chord Reynolds numbers of 17 x 106, 24 x 106, and 30 x 106 suggest that discrete roughness elements could delay laminar-turbulent transition by about 20% when transition is caused by stationary crossflow disturbances. Computations show that the introduction of small-wavelength stationary crossflow disturbances (i.e., discrete roughness element) also suppresses the growth of most amplified traveling crossflow disturbances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISCRETE choice models
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - FLUID dynamic measurements
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 108685223; Malik, Mujeeb 1; Email Address: Mujeeb.R.Malik@nasa.gov Wei Liao 2; Email Address: Wei.Liao@nasa.gov Fei Li 1; Email Address: Fei.Li@nasa.gov Choudhari, Meelan 1; Email Address: Meelan.M.Choudhari@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 53 Issue 8, p2321; Subject Term: DISCRETE choice models; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: FLUID dynamic measurements; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053637
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marley, M.S.
AU  - Robinson, T.D.
T1  - On the Cool Side: Modeling the Atmospheres of Brown Dwarfs and Giant Planets.
JO  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
JF  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 53
M3  - Article
SP  - 279
EP  - 323
SN  - 00664146
AB  - The atmosphere of a brown dwarf or extrasolar giant planet controls the spectrum of radiation emitted by the object and regulates its cooling over time. Although the study of these atmospheres has been informed by decades of experience modeling stellar and planetary atmospheres, the distinctive characteristics of these objects present unique challenges to forward modeling. In particular, complex chemistry arising from molecule-rich atmospheres, molecular opacity line lists (sometimes running to 10 billion absorption lines or more), multiple cloud-forming condensates, and disequilibrium chemical processes all combine to create a challenging task for any modeling effort. This review describes the process of incorporating these complexities into one-dimensional radiative-convective equilibrium models of substellar objects. We discuss the underlying mathematics as well as the techniques used to model the physics, chemistry, radiative transfer, and other processes relevant to understanding these atmospheres. The review focuses on methods for creating atmosphere models and briefly presents some comparisons of model predictions to data. Current challenges in the field and some comments on the future conclude the review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - CONVECTION (Astrophysics)
KW  - chemistry
KW  - clouds
KW  - convection
KW  - extrasolar planets
KW  - opacity
KW  - radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 108975541; Marley, M.S. 1 Robinson, T.D. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; email: ,; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 53, p279; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: extrasolar planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: opacity; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122522
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andersson, B-G
AU  - Lazarian, A.
AU  - Vaillancourt, John E.
T1  - Interstellar Dust Grain Alignment.
JO  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
JF  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 53
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 539
SN  - 00664146
AB  - Interstellar polarization at optical-to-infrared wavelengths is known to arise from asymmetric dust grains aligned with the magnetic field. This effect provides a potentially powerful probe of magnetic field structure and strength if the details of the grain alignment can be reliably understood. Theory and observations have recently converged on a quantitative, predictive description of interstellar grain alignment based on radiative processes. The development of a general, analytical model for this radiative alignment torque (RAT) theory has allowed specific, testable predictions for realistic interstellar conditions. We outline the theoretical and observational arguments in favor of RAT alignment, as well as reasons the 'classical' paramagnetic alignment mechanism is unlikely to work, except possibly for the very smallest grains. With further detailed characterization of the RAT mechanism, grain alignment and polarimetry promise to not only better constrain the interstellar magnetic field but also provide new information on the dust characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERPLANETARY dust
KW  - GALAXIES -- Magnetic fields
KW  - PARAMAGNETISM
KW  - OPTICAL polarization
KW  - RAYLEIGH model
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - ISM: extinction
KW  - ISM: magnetic fields
KW  - polarization
N1  - Accession Number: 108975530; Andersson, B-G 1 Lazarian, A. 2 Vaillancourt, John E. 1; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Center, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; email: ,  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; email:; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 53, p501; Subject Term: INTERPLANETARY dust; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Magnetic fields; Subject Term: PARAMAGNETISM; Subject Term: OPTICAL polarization; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH model; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: polarization; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122414
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boogert, A.C. Adwin
AU  - Gerakines, Perry A.
AU  - Whittet, Douglas C.B.
T1  - Observations of the Icy Universe.
JO  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
JF  - Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 53
M3  - Article
SP  - 541
EP  - 581
SN  - 00664146
AB  - Freeze-out of the gas-phase elements onto cold grains in dense interstellar and circumstellar media builds up ice mantles consisting of molecules that are mostly formed in situ (H2O, NH3, CO2, CO, CH3OH, and more). This review summarizes the detected infrared spectroscopic ice features and compares the abundances across Galactic, extragalactic, and Solar System environments. A tremendous amount of information is contained in the ice band profiles. Laboratory experiments play a critical role in the analysis of the observations. Strong evidence is found for distinct ice formation stages, separated by CO freeze-out at high densities. The ice bands have proven to be excellent probes of the thermal history of their environment. The evidence for the long-held idea that processing of ices by energetic photons and cosmic rays produces complex molecules is weak. Recent state-of-the-art observations show promise for much progress in this area with planned infrared facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Astronomy & Astrophysics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DRY ice
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - UNIVERSE
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - cometary ices
KW  - infrared absorption
KW  - interstellar ices
KW  - interstellar molecules
KW  - volatiles
N1  - Accession Number: 108975531; Boogert, A.C. Adwin 1 Gerakines, Perry A. 2 Whittet, Douglas C.B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; email:  2: Astrochemistry Laboratory, Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771; email:  3: Department of Physics, Applied Physics and Astronomy and New York Center for Astrobiology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180; email:; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 53, p541; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DRY ice; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: UNIVERSE; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: cometary ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: interstellar molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: volatiles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-astro-082214-122348
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kettler, Richard M.
AU  - Loope, David B.
AU  - Weber, Karrie A.
AU  - Niles, Paul B.
T1  - Life and Liesegang: Outcrop-Scale Microbially Induced Diagenetic Structures and Geochemical Self-Organization Phenomena Produced by Oxidation of Reduced Iron.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 15
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 616
EP  - 636
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The Kanab Wonderstone is sandstone (Shinarump Member, Chinle Formation) that is cemented and stained with iron oxide. The iron-oxide cementation and staining in these rocks have been considered examples of the Liesegang phenomenon, but we will show that they comprise a microbially induced structure. The spacing of bands of iron-oxide stain follow the Jablczynski spacing law (wherein the spacing between bands of iron-oxide stain increases as one traverses a series of bands) characteristic of Liesegang. Bands of iron-oxide cement exhibit more variable spacing and exhibit a weak but significant correlation between band thickness and distance between bands of cement. The pore-filling cement contains morphotypes that are similar in size and habit to those exhibited by microaerophilic iron-oxidizing bacteria. Other disseminated iron-oxide mineralization occurs as rhombohedra interpreted to be pseudomorphs after siderite. We interpret the cement to be produced by microbially mediated oxidation of siderite (a typical early diagenetic mineral in fluvial sandstones). Iron-oxidizing bacteria colonized the redox interface between siderite-cemented sand and porous sandstone. Microbes oxidized aqueous Fe(II), generating acid that caused siderite dissolution. The iron-oxide cement is the microbial product of a geochemical drive for organization; whereas the iron-oxide stain is true Liesegang. Together, they comprise a distinctive microbially induced structure with high preservation potential. Key Words: Biosignatures-Iron oxides-Diagenesis-Iron-oxidizing bacteria-Shinarump. Astrobiology 15, 616-636. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOSIGNATURES (Origin of life)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - IRON oxides
KW  - LIESEGANG rings
KW  - DIAGENESIS
KW  - OXIDATION
N1  - Accession Number: 108931251; Kettler, Richard M. 1 Loope, David B. 1 Weber, Karrie A. 1,2 Niles, Paul B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska.  2: School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska.  3: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas.; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 15 Issue 8, p616; Subject Term: BIOSIGNATURES (Origin of life); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: IRON oxides; Subject Term: LIESEGANG rings; Subject Term: DIAGENESIS; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2015.1305
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corbett, J.
AU  - Su, W.
T1  - Accounting for the effects of sastrugi in the CERES clear-sky Antarctic shortwave angular distribution models.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 8
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3163
EP  - 3175
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The Cloud and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on NASA's Terra, Aqua and Soumi NPP satellites are used to provide a long-term measurement of Earth's energy budget. To accomplish this, the radiances measured by the instruments must be inverted to fluxes by the use of a scene-type-dependent angular distribution model (ADM). For permanent snow scenes over Antarctica, shortwave (SW) ADMs are created by compositing radiance measurements over the full viewing zenith and azimuth range. However, the presence of small-scale wind blown roughness features called sastrugi cause the BRDF (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) of the snow to vary significantly based upon the solar azimuth angle and location. This can result in monthly regional biases between -12 and 7.5Wm-2 in the inverted TOA (top-of-atmosphere) SW flux. The bias is assessed by comparing the CERES shortwave fluxes derived from nadir observations with those from all viewing zenith angles, as the sastrugi affect fluxes inverted from the oblique viewing angles more than for the nadir viewing angles. In this paper we further describe the clearsky Antarctic ADMs from Su et al. (2015). These ADMs account for the sastrugi effect by using measurements from the Multi-Angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) instrument to derive statistical relationships between radiance from different viewing angles. We show here that these ADMs reduce the bias and artifacts in the CERES SW flux caused by sastrugi, both locally and Antarctic-wide. The regional monthly biases from sastrugi are reduced to between -5 and 7Wm-2, and the monthly-mean biases over Antarctica are reduced by up to 0.64Wm-2, a decrease of 74 %. These improved ADMs are used as part of the Edition 4 CERES SSF (Single Scanner Footprint) data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics)
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - AZIMUTH
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - ZENITH distance
N1  - Accession Number: 109066578; Corbett, J. 1; Email Address: joseph.g.corbett@nasa.gov Su, W. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 8, p3163; Subject Term: ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: ZENITH distance; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-3163-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Su, W.
AU  - Corbett, J.
AU  - Eitzen, Z.
AU  - Liang, L.
T1  - Next-generation angular distribution models for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux calculation from CERES instruments: validation.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 8
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3297
EP  - 3313
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Radiative fluxes at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument are fundamental variables for understanding the Earth's energy balance and how it changes with time. TOA radiative fluxes are derived from the CERES radiance measurements using empirical angular distribution models (ADMs). This paper evaluates the accuracy of CERES TOA fluxes using direct integration and flux consistency tests. Direct integration tests show that the overall bias in regional monthly mean TOA shortwave (SW) flux is less than 0.2Wm-2 and the RMSE is less than 1.1Wm-2. The bias and RMSE are very similar between Terra and Aqua. The bias in regional monthly mean TOA LW fluxes is less than 0.5Wm-2 and the RMSE is less than 0.8Wm-2 for both Terra and Aqua. The accuracy of the TOA instantaneous flux is assessed by performing tests using fluxes inverted from nadir- and oblique-viewing angles using CERES along-track observations and temporally and spatially matched MODIS observations, and using fluxes inverted from multi-angle MISR observations. The averaged TOA instantaneous SW flux uncertainties from these two tests are about 2.3% (1.9Wm-2) over clear ocean, 1.6% (4.5Wm-2) over clear land, and 2.0% (6.0Wm-2) over clear snow/ice; and are about 3.3% (9.0Wm-2), 2.7% (8.4Wm-2), and 3.7% (9.9Wm-2) over ocean, land, and snow/ice under all-sky conditions. The TOA SW flux uncertainties are generally larger for thin broken clouds than for moderate and thick overcast clouds. The TOA instantaneous daytime LW flux uncertainties derived from the CERESMODIS test are 0.5% (1.5Wm-2), 0.8% (2.4Wm-2), and 0.7% (1.3Wm-2) over clear ocean, land, and snow/ice; and are about 1.5% (3.5Wm-2), 1.0% (2.9Wm-2), and 1.1% (2.1Wm-2) over ocean, land, and snow/ice under all-sky conditions. The TOA instantaneous nighttime LW flux uncertainties are about 0.5-1% (<2.0Wm-2) for all surface types. Flux uncertainties caused by errors in scene identification are also assessed by using the collocated CALIPSO, CloudSat, CERES and MODIS data product. Errors in scene identification tend to underestimate TOA SW flux by about 0.6Wm-2 and overestimate TOA daytime (nighttime) LW flux by 0.4 (0.2)Wm-2 when all CERES viewing angles are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - OCEAN-atmosphere interaction
KW  - ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MISR (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 109066587; Su, W. 1; Email Address: wenying.su-1@nasa.gov Corbett, J. 2 Eitzen, Z. 2 Liang, L. 2; Affiliation:  1: MS420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 8, p3297; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Subject Term: OCEAN-atmosphere interaction; Subject Term: ANGULAR distribution (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MISR (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-3297-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ohyama, H.
AU  - Kawakami, S.
AU  - Tanaka, T.
AU  - Morino, I.
AU  - Uchino, O.
AU  - Inoue, M.
AU  - Sakai, T.
AU  - Nagai, T.
AU  - Yamazaki, A.
AU  - Uchiyama, A.
AU  - Fukamachi, T.
AU  - Sakashita, M.
AU  - Kawasaki, T.
AU  - Akaho, T.
AU  - Arai, K.
AU  - Okumura, H.
T1  - Observations of XCO2 and XCH4 with ground-based high-resolution FTS at Saga, Japan and comparisons with GOSAT products.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 8
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 8257
EP  - 8294
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Solar absorption spectra in the near-infrared region have been continuously acquired with a ground-based (g-b) high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at Saga, Japan since July 2011. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of greenhouse gases were retrieved from the measured spectra for the period from July 2011 to December 2014. Aircraft measurements of CO2 and CH4 for calibrating the g-b FTS data were performed in January 2012 and 2013, and it is found that the g-b FTS and aircraft data agree to within ±0.2 %. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4) show increasing trends, with average growth rates of 2.3 ppmyr-1 and 9.5 ppbyr-1, respectively, during the ∼ 3.5 yr of observation. We compared the g-b FTS XCO2 and XCH4 data with those derived from backscattered solar spectra in the short-wavelength infrared region measured with Thermal And Nearinfrared Sensor for carbon Observation-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT). Average differences between TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS data (TANSO-FTS minus g-b FTS) are 0.40-2.51 ppm and -7.6±13.7 ppb for XCO2 and XCH4, respectively. Using aerosol information measured with a sky radiometer at Saga, we found that the differences between the TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS data are moderately negatively correlated with aerosol optical thickness and do not depend explicitly on aerosol size. In addition, from aerosol profiles measured with lidar located right by the g-b FTS, we were able to show that cirrus clouds and tropospheric aerosols accumulated in the lower layers of the atmosphere tend to overestimate or underestimate the TANSO-FTS data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases -- Analysis
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - FOURIER transform spectroscopy
KW  - GREENHOUSES -- Climate
KW  - GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere)
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
N1  - Accession Number: 109259532; Ohyama, H. 1,2; Email Address: hohyama@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp Kawakami, S. 1 Tanaka, T. 1,3 Morino, I. 4 Uchino, O. 4 Inoue, M. 4,5 Sakai, T. 6 Nagai, T. 6 Yamazaki, A. 6 Uchiyama, A. 6 Fukamachi, T. 7 Sakashita, M. 7 Kawasaki, T. 7 Akaho, T. 7 Arai, K. 7 Okumura, H. 7; Affiliation:  1: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan  2: Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan  5: Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan  6: Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan  7: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 8, p8257; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases -- Analysis; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectroscopy; Subject Term: GREENHOUSES -- Climate; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE effect (Atmosphere); Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Number of Pages: 38p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-8-8257-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109259532&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leone, Frank A.
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
AU  - Girolamo, Donato
T1  - Progressive damage analysis as a design tool for composite bonded joints.
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 77
M3  - Article
SP  - 474
EP  - 483
SN  - 13598368
AB  - This paper discusses the application of progressive damage analysis (PDA) methods as a design tool. Two case studies are presented in which the effects of changing design features on the strength of bonded composite joints are evaluated. It is shown that the trends of parametric evaluations performed with full-featured PDA models can be unintuitive and the trends can be opposite to those obtained with traditional design criteria. The joint configurations that were tested exhibit multiple damage modes, requiring several different PDA tools to accurately predict the structural peak loads. For damage tolerant structures that exhibit complex sequences of multiple failure mechanisms, traditional failure prediction tools are insufficient. Parametric PDA models encompassing a bonded joint specimen's design space have the potential to reveal unintuitive and advantageous design changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JOINTS (Engineering)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - ADHESION
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - A. Honeycomb
KW  - B. Adhesion
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
KW  - D. Mechanical testing
N1  - Accession Number: 102879836; Leone, Frank A. 1; Email Address: frank.a.leone@nasa.gov Dávila, Carlos G. 1 Girolamo, Donato 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA  2: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 77, p474; Subject Term: JOINTS (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: ADHESION; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Honeycomb; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Adhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Mechanical testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2015.03.046
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burms, Jeroen
AU  - Caluwaerts, Ken
AU  - Dambre, Joni
T1  - Reward-modulated Hebbian plasticity as leverage for partially embodied control in compliant robotics.
JO  - Frontiers in Neurorobotics
JF  - Frontiers in Neurorobotics
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 16625218
AB  - In embodied computation (or morphological computation), part of the complexity of motor control is offloaded to the body dynamics. We demonstrate that a simple Hebbianlike learning rule can be used to train systems with (partial) embodiment, and can be extended outside of the scope of traditional neural networks. To this end, we apply the learning rule to optimize the connection weights of recurrent neural networks with different topologies and for various tasks. We then apply this learning rule to a simulated compliant tensegrity robot by optimizing static feedback controllers that directly exploit the dynamics of the robot body. This leads to partially embodied controllers, i.e., hybrid controllers that naturally integrate the computations that are performed by the robot body into a neural network architecture. Our results demonstrate the universal applicability of reward-modulated Hebbian learning. Furthermore, they demonstrate the robustness of systems trained with the learning rule. This study strengthens our belief that compliant robots should or can be seen as computational units, instead of dumb hardware that needs a complex controller. This link between compliant robotics and neural networks is also the main reason for our search for simple universal learning rules for both neural networks and robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Frontiers in Neurorobotics is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROBOTICS research
KW  - HEBBIAN memory
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science) -- Research
KW  - compliant robotics
KW  - Hebbian plasticity
KW  - morphological computation
KW  - recurrent neural networks
KW  - tensegrity
N1  - Accession Number: 111203483; Burms, Jeroen 1 Caluwaerts, Ken 1,2 Dambre, Joni 1; Email Address: joni.dambre@ugent.be; Affiliation:  1: Computing Systems Laboratory (Reservoir Team), Electronics and Information Systems Department (ELIS), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium  2: Intelligent Robotics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 9, p1; Subject Term: ROBOTICS research; Subject Term: HEBBIAN memory; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science) -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: compliant robotics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hebbian plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: morphological computation; Author-Supplied Keyword: recurrent neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: tensegrity; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3389/fnbot.2015.00009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jeyapaul, Elbert
AU  - Coleman, Gary N.
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
T1  - Higher-order and length-scale statistics from DNS of a decelerated planar wall-bounded turbulent flow.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 54
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 27
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - A DNS database is presented to document third- and fourth-order moments and their budgets for fully developed plane-channel flow and for strained plane-channel flow. The effect of straining has a similar effect on statistics, such as the skewness and flatness of velocities, as in an adverse-pressure-gradient (APG) boundary layer. In addition to higher-order statistics, some modeling implications are also described, including issues related to decomposition of the velocity–pressure gradient correlations, the assumption of dissipation isotropy and a fourth-order turbulence time scale. An analysis of two-point correlations along the inhomogeneous direction is made to include the effects of APG straining. This reveals the advantage of a one-point length-scale based on wall-normal velocity fluctuations as an alternative to the traditionally used length-scale based on turbulence kinetic energy. The present study should prove to be useful for turbulence modelers in need of data to develop and assess higher-than-second-order Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes closure models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANAR waveguides
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - APG boundary layers
KW  - DNS
KW  - Higher-order moments
KW  - RANS closures
N1  - Accession Number: 103655715; Jeyapaul, Elbert 1 Coleman, Gary N. 2 Rumsey, Christopher L. 2; Email Address: c.l.rumsey@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  2: Computational AeroSciences Branch, M.S. 128, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 54, p14; Subject Term: PLANAR waveguides; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: APG boundary layers; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Higher-order moments; Author-Supplied Keyword: RANS closures; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2015.04.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chen, Yaodeng
AU  - Wang, Hongli
AU  - Min, Jinzhong
AU  - Huang, Xiang-Yu
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Zhang, Ruizhi
AU  - Haggerty, Julie
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
T1  - Variational Assimilation of Cloud Liquid/Ice Water Path and Its Impact on NWP.
JO  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
JF  - Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1809
EP  - 1825
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 15588424
AB  - Analysis of the cloud components in numerical weather prediction models using advanced data assimilation techniques has been a prime topic in recent years. In this research, the variational data assimilation (DA) system for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model (WRFDA) is further developed to assimilate satellite cloud products that will produce the cloud liquid water and ice water analysis. Observation operators for the cloud liquid water path and cloud ice water path are developed and incorporated into the WRFDA system. The updated system is tested by assimilating cloud liquid water path and cloud ice water path observations from Global Geostationary Gridded Cloud Products at NASA. To assess the impact of cloud liquid/ice water path data assimilation on short-term regional numerical weather prediction (NWP), 3-hourly cycling data assimilation and forecast experiments with and without the use of the cloud liquid/ice water paths are conducted. It is shown that assimilating cloud liquid/ice water paths increases the accuracy of temperature, humidity, and wind analyses at model levels between 300 and 150 hPa after 5 cycles (15 h). It is also shown that assimilating cloud liquid/ice water paths significantly reduces forecast errors in temperature and wind at model levels between 300 and 150 hPa. The precipitation forecast skills are improved as well. One reason that leads to the improved analysis and forecast is that the 3-hourly rapid update cycle carries over the impact of cloud information from the previous cycles spun up by the WRF Model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Meteorology & Climatology is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature -- Research
KW  - HUMIDITY -- Research
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - Data assimilation
N1  - Accession Number: 108938855; Chen, Yaodeng 1 Wang, Hongli 2,3 Min, Jinzhong 1 Huang, Xiang-Yu 4 Minnis, Patrick 5 Zhang, Ruizhi 1 Haggerty, Julie 6 Palikonda, Rabindra 7; Affiliation:  1: * Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado  3: Global Systems Division, NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  4: Centre for Climate Research Singapore, Meteorological Service Singapore, Singapore  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  6: ** National Center for Atmospheric Research,## Boulder, Colorado  7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p1809; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature -- Research; Subject Term: HUMIDITY -- Research; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data assimilation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 17p; Illustrations: 12 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JAMC-D-14-0243.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saitta, Erin K.H.
AU  - Gittings, Michael J.
AU  - Novaes-Card, Simone
AU  - Quinn, Jacqueline
AU  - Clausen, Christian
AU  - O'Hara, Suzanne
AU  - Yestrebsky, Cherie L.
T1  - Case study of a non-destructive treatment method for the remediation of military structures containing polychlorinated biphenyl contaminated paint.
JO  - Journal of Environmental Management
JF  - Journal of Environmental Management
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 158
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 47
SN  - 03014797
AB  - Restricted by federal regulations and limited remediation options, buildings contaminated with paint laden with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have high costs associated with the disposal of hazardous materials. As opposed to current remediation methods which are often destructive and a risk to the surrounding environment, this study suggests a non-metal treatment system (NMTS) and a bimetallic treatment system (BTS) as versatile remediation options for painted industrial structures including concrete buildings, and metal machine parts. In this field study, four areas of a discontinued Department of Defense site were treated and monitored over 3 weeks. PCB levels in paint and treatment system samples were analyzed through gas chromatography/electron capture detection (GC-ECD). PCB concentrations were reduced by 95 percent on painted concrete and by 60–97 percent on painted metal with the majority of the PCB removal occurring within the first week of application. Post treatment laboratory studies including the utilization of an activated metal treatment system (AMTS) further degraded PCBs in BTS and NMTS by up to 82 percent and 99 percent, respectively, indicating that a two-step remediation option is viable. These findings demonstrate that the NMTS and BTS can be an effective, nondestructive, remediation process for large painted structures, allowing for the reuse or sale of remediated materials that otherwise may have been disposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Environmental Management is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls -- Environmental aspects
KW  - NONMETALS
KW  - ELECTRON capture
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment
KW  - Ball mill
KW  - Magnesium
KW  - Paint
KW  - PCB
KW  - Remediation
N1  - Accession Number: 102981468; Saitta, Erin K.H. 1; Email Address: erin.saitta@ucf.edu Gittings, Michael J. 1; Email Address: michael.gittings@cardno.com Novaes-Card, Simone 1; Email Address: simone.novaes-card@agilent.com Quinn, Jacqueline 2; Email Address: jacqueline.w.quinn@NASA.gov Clausen, Christian 1; Email Address: christian.clausen@ucf.edu O'Hara, Suzanne 3; Email Address: SOHara@Geosyntec.com Yestrebsky, Cherie L. 1; Email Address: cherie.yestrebsky@ucf.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd., Orlando, FL 32816-2366, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States  3: Geosyntec Consultants, 130 Research Lane Ste.2, Guelph, ON N1GG3, Canada; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 158, p40; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: POLYCHLORINATED biphenyls -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: NONMETALS; Subject Term: ELECTRON capture; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL risk assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ball mill; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnesium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paint; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remediation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.038
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bellur, Kishan
AU  - Medici, Ezequiel
AU  - Allen,, Jeffrey
AU  - Choi, Chang Kyoung
AU  - Hussey, Daniel
AU  - Jacobson, David
AU  - Leao, Juscelino B.
T1  - Neutron Radiography of Condensation and Evaporation of Hydrogen in a Cryogenic Condition.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2015/08//8/1/2015
VL  - 137
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00221481
AB  - The article offers information on process of condensation and evaporation of hydrogen under cryogenic conditions which has been depicted through various images obtained via neutron radiography; and presents a graph depicting liquid hydrogen and its response to temperature and pressure.
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - NEUTRON radiography
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
N1  - Accession Number: 109946465; Bellur, Kishan 1 Medici, Ezequiel 1 Allen,, Jeffrey 1 Choi, Chang Kyoung 1 Hussey, Daniel 2 Jacobson, David 2 Leao, Juscelino B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931 Jimes Hermanson & Arun Tamilarasan, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195  2: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 John McQuillen, NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 8/1/2015, Vol. 137 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: NEUTRON radiography; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clairmont, Ryan
AU  - Bommarius, Andreas
AU  - Weber, Arthur
T1  - Imidazolium Catalysts Formed by an Iterative Synthetic Process as a Model System for Chemical Evolution.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Evolution
JF  - Journal of Molecular Evolution
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 81
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222844
AB  - Processes exhibiting diversity and selection would have been necessary to promote chemical evolution on early Earth. In this work, a model process was developed using non-kinetic selection to synthesize and isolate small molecule imidazolium catalysts. These catalysts were purified by affinity chromatography and recycled back into the process, forming a product feedback loop. In dimethylformamide, the catalysts activated the coupling of formaldehyde to short chain sugars. This sugar mixture was reacted with aniline, acetic acid, and paraformaldehyde to generate new catalysts. Thus chemical diversity was produced through non-selective, multi-component synthesis. Applying sequential dilution-reaction-purification cycles it was demonstrated that this process can function independently of starting catalyst. Over three process cycles, the initiator catalyst is effectively diluted out as a new catalyst population emerges to take its place. This system offers an alternative viewpoint for chemical evolution via the generation of small molecule organocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Evolution is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMIDAZOLES
KW  - CATALYSIS
KW  - AFFINITY chromatography
KW  - SMALL molecules
KW  - DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
KW  - SYNTHESIS (Chemistry)
KW  - MOLECULAR evolution
KW  - Catalysis
KW  - Evolution
KW  - Imidazolium
KW  - Process chemistry
KW  - Sugars
N1  - Accession Number: 108976499; Clairmont, Ryan 1 Bommarius, Andreas Weber, Arthur 2; Email Address: arthur.l.weber@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 81 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: IMIDAZOLES; Subject Term: CATALYSIS; Subject Term: AFFINITY chromatography; Subject Term: SMALL molecules; Subject Term: DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; Subject Term: SYNTHESIS (Chemistry); Subject Term: MOLECULAR evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Catalysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imidazolium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Process chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sugars; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00239-015-9687-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Asrar, Farhan M
AU  - Asrar, Suhail
AU  - Clark, Jonathan B
AU  - Kendall, David J W
AU  - Ngo-Anh, Thu Jennifer
AU  - Brazeau, Stephanie
AU  - Hulsroj, Peter
AU  - Williams, Richard S
T1  - Help from above: outer space and the fight against Ebola.
JO  - Lancet Infectious Diseases
JF  - Lancet Infectious Diseases
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 15
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 873
EP  - 875
SN  - 14733099
KW  - EBOLA virus disease
KW  - PATIENTS
KW  - DIAGNOSIS
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine
KW  - EPIDEMICS
KW  - MEDICAL personnel
KW  - TREATMENT
N1  - Accession Number: 108433652; Asrar, Farhan M 1,2,3; Email Address: farhan.asrar@utoronto.ca Asrar, Suhail 4 Clark, Jonathan B 5 Kendall, David J W 6,7 Ngo-Anh, Thu Jennifer 8 Brazeau, Stephanie 9 Hulsroj, Peter 10 Williams, Richard S 11; Affiliation:  1: Health and Counselling Center, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada  2: Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada  3: International Space University, Strasbourg, France  4: University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada  5: Department of Neurology/Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA  6: Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, United Nations, Vienna, Austria  7: Canadian Space Agency, John H Chapman Space Centre, Saint-Hubert, QC, Canada  8: Head of Human Research Unit, Directorate of Human Spaceflight and Operations, European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands  9: Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Branch, Public Health Agency of Canada, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada  10: European Space Policy Institute, Vienna, Austria  11: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 15 Issue 8, p873; Subject Term: EBOLA virus disease; Subject Term: PATIENTS; Subject Term: DIAGNOSIS; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: EPIDEMICS; Subject Term: MEDICAL personnel; Subject Term: TREATMENT; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00153-X
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Díaz León, Juan J.
AU  - Garrett, Matthew P.
AU  - Zhang, Junce
AU  - Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P.
T1  - Aluminum titanium oxide alloys: Deposition of amorphous, transparent, corrosion-resistant films by pulsed DC reactive magnetron sputtering with RF substrate bias.
JO  - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
JF  - Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 36
M3  - Article
SP  - 96
EP  - 102
SN  - 13698001
AB  - Optically transparent and mechanically flexible encapsulation films are desirable for advanced optoelectronic devices. Among many variations of encapsulation, ternary metal oxide films present good optical and mechanical properties. In this study, aluminum titanium oxide (Al 1− x Ti x O y ) films were deposited with a range of Ti/(Ti+Al) molar fractions ( x) using pulsed DC magnetron sputtering with RF substrate bias. Subsequently, the films were subjected to an Accelerated Weathering Environment (AWE) test at 220 °C, 1.6 atm and ~100% RH for 3 h. Optical, chemical, and morphological analyses revealed that there exists a range of Ti/(Ti+Al) molar fraction ( x =0.4–0.7) where films withstood the test, maintaining their optical, chemical, and morphological integrities. The study suggests that encapsulation films with continuously and spatially varying refractive index can be available by varying x within this range, forming encapsulation with broadband, wide angle antireflective coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - AMORPHOUS alloys
KW  - CORROSION resistant alloys
KW  - MAGNETRON sputtering
KW  - OPTOELECTRONIC devices
KW  - Aluminum titanium oxide
KW  - Amorphous materials
KW  - Barrier
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Reactive sputtering
KW  - Refractive index
N1  - Accession Number: 102463727; Díaz León, Juan J. 1,2; Email Address: jdiazleo@ucsc.edu Garrett, Matthew P. 1,2 Zhang, Junce 1,2 Kobayashi, Nobuhiko P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  2: Nanostructured Energy Conversion Technology and Research (NECTAR), Advanced Studies Laboratories, University of California, Santa Cruz, and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 36, p96; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS alloys; Subject Term: CORROSION resistant alloys; Subject Term: MAGNETRON sputtering; Subject Term: OPTOELECTRONIC devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum titanium oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amorphous materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Barrier; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive sputtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refractive index; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mssp.2015.03.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee, Jae Hoon
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Yu, Chong Gun
AU  - Park, Jong Tae
T1  - Effect of source and drain asymmetry on hot carrier degradation in vertical nanowire MOSFETs.
JO  - Microelectronics Reliability
JF  - Microelectronics Reliability
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 55
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1456
EP  - 1459
SN  - 00262714
AB  - Effects of source and drain (S/D) asymmetry on hot carrier degradation in vertical nanowire MOSFETs have been investigated with different nanowire radiuses. The S/D asymmetry causes different degree of hot carrier degradations between forward and reverse stresses. The actual stress voltage applied to the channel as a result of parasitic resistance and gate to junction overlap length is attributed to the cause of the asymmetric degradation. The narrower nanowire also suffers from worse hot carrier effects due to current crowding and geometric effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microelectronics Reliability is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - Asymmetry source/drain
KW  - Hot carrier degradation
KW  - Vertical MOSFET
N1  - Accession Number: 110216095; Lee, Jae Hoon 1 Han, Jin-Woo 2 Yu, Chong Gun 1 Park, Jong Tae 1; Email Address: jtpark@incheon.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electronics Engineering, Incheon National University, #119 Academi-Ro Yoonsu-Gu, Incheon 406-772, South Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 55 Issue 9/10, p1456; Subject Term: METAL oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors; Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asymmetry source/drain; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hot carrier degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertical MOSFET; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.microrel.2015.06.062
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Relaxation rates in the Maxwellian collision model and its variable hard sphere surrogate.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 27
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - The variable hard sphere and related models have proven to be accurate and computationally convenient replacements for the inverse power law model of classical kinetic theory in direct simulation Monte Carlo calculations. We attempt to provide theoretical support for this remarkable success by comparing the relaxation rates in the linearized Boltzmann equation for the Maxwellian collision model with those of its variable hard sphere surrogate. The comparison demonstrates that the linearized collision operator with variable hard sphere interactions can accurately approximate the linearized collision operator with Maxwellian inverse power law interactions under well-defined and broadly applicable conditions. Extensions of the analysis to the general inverse power law model and to more realistic intermolecular potentials are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLISIONS (Physics)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - POWER law (Mathematics)
KW  - KINETIC theory of matter
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - BOLTZMANN'S equation
N1  - Accession Number: 109329264; Rubinstein, Robert 1; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 27 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Physics); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: POWER law (Mathematics); Subject Term: KINETIC theory of matter; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: BOLTZMANN'S equation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4928471
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bougher, S.W.
AU  - Brecht, A.S.
AU  - Schulte, R.
AU  - Fischer, J.
AU  - Parkinson, C.D.
AU  - Mahieux, A.
AU  - Wilquet, V.
AU  - Vandaele, A.
T1  - Upper atmosphere temperature structure at the Venusian terminators: A comparison of SOIR and VTGCM results.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 113/114
M3  - Article
SP  - 336
EP  - 346
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Venus Express SOIR terminator profiles of CO 2 densities and corresponding temperatures have been determined for 132 selected orbits obtained between 2006 and 2013. These recently recalibrated measurements provide temperature profiles at the Venusian terminator over approximately 70–160 km, revealing a striking permanent temperature minimum (at about 125 km) and a weaker temperature maximum (over 100–110 km). In addition, topside temperatures (above 140 km) reveal a warming trend consistent with a typical thermospheric structure. These features are reflected in the corresponding CO 2 density profiles, and provide detailed constraints for global circulation models of the upper atmosphere. New Venus Thermospheric General Circulation Model (VTGCM) simulations are presented for conditions appropriate to these SOIR measurements. In particular, solar minimum to moderate fluxes are specified and mean values of eddy diffusion and wave drag parameters are utilized. Recent upgrades to the VTGCM code now include more realistic lower boundary conditions at ~ 70 km near cloud tops. Model temperature profiles are extracted from the terminators that correspond to five latitude bins presently used in the SOIR data analysis. Averaging of VTGCM temperature profiles in each of these bins (at each terminator) is conducted to match SOIR sampling. Comparisons of these SOIR and VTGCM temperature profiles are shown. Most notably, the observed temperature minimum near 125 km and the weaker temperature maximum over 100–110 km are generally reproduced by the VTGCM at the correct pressure/altitude levels. However, magnitudes of simulated and measured temperatures are somewhat different as a function of latitude. In addition, VTGCM evening terminator (ET) temperatures are simulated to be modestly warmer than corresponding morning terminator (MT) values, a result of stronger ET than MT zonal winds at/above about 130 km. The SOIR terminator temperatures thus far do not reveal this consistent trend, suggesting the VTGCM climate based winds may not precisely represent the averaged conditions during SOIR sampling. Overall, these data-model comparisons reveal that both radiative and dynamical processes are responsible for maintaining averaged temperatures and driving significant variations in terminator temperature profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC structure
KW  - TERMINATORS (Astronomy)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - GENERAL circulation model
KW  - Thermal balance
KW  - Thermal structure
KW  - Upper atmosphere
KW  - Venus
KW  - Venus Express mission
KW  - VTGCM
N1  - Accession Number: 103427199; Bougher, S.W. 1; Email Address: bougher@umich.edu Brecht, A.S. 2,3 Schulte, R. 4 Fischer, J. 5 Parkinson, C.D. 1 Mahieux, A. 6,7 Wilquet, V. 6 Vandaele, A. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MSC 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Santa Clara University, 500 El Camino Real, Santa Clara, CA 95053, USA  5: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA  6: Planetary Aeronomy, Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, Belgium  7: Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, rue d׳Egmont 5, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 113/114, p336; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC structure; Subject Term: TERMINATORS (Astronomy); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: GENERAL circulation model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upper atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus Express mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: VTGCM; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.01.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jungsik Kim
AU  - Hyeongwan Oh
AU  - Junyoung Lee
AU  - Chang-Ki Baek
AU  - M Meyyappan
AU  - Jeong-Soo Lee
T1  - Three-dimensional simulation of threshold voltage variations due to an oblique single grain boundary in sub-40 nm polysilicon nanowire FETs.
JO  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
JF  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 30
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 02681242
AB  - We perform a comparative study of the threshold voltage (Vth) variation between inversion-mode and junctionless nanowire devices with oblique single grain boundary (o-SGB) in a sub-40 nm poly-silicon (Poly-Si) channel using 3D simulation. The Vth variation due to the o-SGB becomes significant as the devices scale down to 20 nm where the o-SGB can fully affect the whole channel potential. In addition, due to relatively less flat energy band in the channel, the junctionless Poly-Si nanowire devices show larger Vth variation compared with the inversion-mode devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Semiconductor Science & Technology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THRESHOLD voltage
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CRYSTAL grain boundaries
KW  - ENERGY bands
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - SILICON -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 108696085; Jungsik Kim 1 Hyeongwan Oh 2 Junyoung Lee 2; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr Chang-Ki Baek 3 M Meyyappan 4 Jeong-Soo Lee 2; Affiliation:  1: Division of IT Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea  2: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea  3: Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Lab., Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 790-784, Korea  4: NASA Ames Research Center, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 30 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: THRESHOLD voltage; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CRYSTAL grain boundaries; Subject Term: ENERGY bands; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: SILICON -- Research; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0268-1242/30/8/085015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
AU  - Garg, Anita
T1  - Interfacial reactions of a MAX phase/superalloy hybrid.
JO  - Surface & Interface Analysis: SIA
JF  - Surface & Interface Analysis: SIA
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 47
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 844
EP  - 853
SN  - 01422421
AB  - Oxidation resistant, strain tolerant MAX phase coatings are of general interest for high temperature applications. Accordingly, Cr2AlC MAX phase coupons were vacuum diffusion bonded to an advanced turbine disk alloy at 1100 °C for compatibility studies. The interface revealed an inner diffusion zone consisting of ~10 µm of β-Ni(Co)Al, decorated with various γ′ (Ni,Co)3Al, Ta(Ti,Nb)C, and W(Cr,Mo)3B2 precipitates. On the Cr2AlC side, an additional ~40-µm Al-depletion zone of Cr7C3 formed an interconnected network with the β-Ni(Co)Al. On the superalloy side, enhanced carbide precipitation developed over a depth of ~80 µm. Subsequent annealing for 100 h and 1000 h at 800 °C coarsened some features, enhanced TCP precipitation in the superalloy, but only enlarged the diffusion layers by ~5 µm at most. Because of Al depletion from the MAX phase and corresponding Al enrichment of the alloy, the reaction zone displayed similarities to an oxidized Cr2AlC surface and an aluminized superalloy, respectively. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Interface Analysis: SIA is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRODE reactions
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - CARBIDES
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - CORROSION resistance
KW  - aerospace materials
KW  - coatings
KW  - Cr2AlC MAX phase
KW  - diffusion reaction
KW  - high temperature
KW  - superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 108350680; Smialek, James L. 1 Garg, Anita 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 47 Issue 8, p844; Subject Term: ELECTRODE reactions; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: CARBIDES; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: CORROSION resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerospace materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: coatings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cr2AlC MAX phase; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffusion reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: high temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/sia.5784
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Assessment of the Immediate Impacts of the 2013-2014 Drought on Ecosystems of the California Central Coast.
JO  - Western North American Naturalist
JF  - Western North American Naturalist
Y1  - 2015/08//
VL  - 75
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 145
PB  - Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum
SN  - 15270904
AB  - A methodology was developed to assess the impacts of the historic 2013-2014 drought on ecosystems of California's Central Coast region, using a combination of satellite image analysis and in situ measurements of soil moisture in predominant vegetation types of the region. According to differences in Landsat drought indices for plant water stress and vegetation green cover (NDWI and NDVI, respectively), the geographic areas within the study region that were most severely impacted by the 2013 drought were the inland Carmel Valley in northern Monterey County and the coastal zones around San Simeon Point and Cambria in northern San Luis Obispo County. An expanded area of severe vegetation moisture stress, generally indicated by relative-differenced NDWI values of >400, was detected by May 2014 in both of these same geographic areas. For more detailed examination of drought impacts, the entire study region was separated into the 3 predominant vegetation types (grasslands, shrublands, and forests) to examine changes in Landsat NDWI and NDVI in the context of differing plant community responses to severe drought. Results confirmed that higher overall drought stress in 2013 and 2014 was detected in grasslands, compared to shrublands and forests, in both years at all elevations and slopes >200 m and >5%, respectively. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Se desarrolló una metodología para evaluar el impacto de la sequía histórica del 2013-2014 en los ecosistemas de la región de la costa central de California, utilizando una combinación de análisis de imágenes satelitales y mediciones in situ de la humedad del suelo en los tipos de vegetación predominantes de la región. De acuerdo a las diferencias en los índices de sequía Landsat para el estrés hídrico de las plantas y la cubierta vegetal (NDWI y NDVI, respectivamente), las áreas geográficas dentro de la región de estudio que fueron más gravemente afectadas por la sequía del 2013 fueron Carmel Valley en el norte del Condado de Monterey, y las zonas costeras alrededor de San Simeon Point y Cambria en el norte de San Luis Obispo County. Un área extensa de estrés de humedad severo en la vegetación, en general indicado por la diferencia relativa de valores NDWI de más de 400, se detectó en mayo del 2014 en estas dos mismas áreas geográficas. Para una revisión más detallada de los impactos de la sequía, toda la región de estudio se dividió en los tres tipos de vegetación predominante (pastizales, matorrales y bosques) para examinar los cambios en Landsat NDWI y NDVI para ver las diferencias en la respuesta de las comunidades de plantas a la sequía severa. Los resultados confirmaron un mayor estrés por la sequía del 2013 y 2014 en los pastizales, en comparación con los matorrales y bosques en ambos años en todas las elevaciones y pendientes de más de 200 metros y 5%, respectivamente. (Spanish) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Western North American Naturalist is the property of Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DROUGHTS -- Environmental aspects
KW  - DROUGHTS
KW  - ECOSYSTEM management
KW  - BIOTIC communities
KW  - VEGETATION & climate
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 109305700; Potter, Christopher 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035. E-mail:; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 75 Issue 2, p129; Subject Term: DROUGHTS -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: DROUGHTS; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEM management; Subject Term: BIOTIC communities; Subject Term: VEGETATION & climate; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3398/064.075.0202
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jensen, Benjamin D.
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
AU  - Odegard, Gregory M.
T1  - The Effect of Time Step, Thermostat, and Strain Rate on ReaxFF Simulations of Mechanical Failure in Diamond, Graphene, and Carbon Nanotube.
JO  - Journal of Computational Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Computational Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/08/05/
VL  - 36
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 1587
EP  - 1596
SN  - 01928651
AB  - As the sophistication of reactive force fields for molecular modeling continues to increase, their use and applicability has also expanded, sometimes beyond the scope of their original development. Reax Force Field (ReaxFF), for example, was originally developed to model chemical reactions, but is a promising candidate for modeling fracture because of its ability to treat covalent bond cleavage. Performing reliable simulations of a complex process like fracture, however, requires an understanding of the effects that various modeling parameters have on the behavior of the system. This work assesses the effects of time step size, thermostat algorithm and coupling coefficient, and strain rate on the fracture behavior of three carbonbased materials: graphene, diamond, and a carbon nanotube. It is determined that the simulated stress-strain behavior is relatively independent of the thermostat algorithm, so long as coupling coefficients are kept above a certain threshold. Likewise, the stress-strain response of the materials was also independent of the strain rate, if it is kept below a maximum strain rate. Finally, the mechanical properties of the materials predicted by the Chenoweth C/H/O parameterization for ReaxFF are compared with literature values. Some deficiencies in the Chenoweth C/H/O parameterization for predicting mechanical properties of carbon materials are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Chemistry is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMOSTAT
KW  - STRAIN rate (Materials science)
KW  - MECHANICAL failures
KW  - DIAMONDS
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - fracture
KW  - mechanical properties
KW  - molecular dynamics
KW  - molecular modeling
KW  - SWNT
N1  - Accession Number: 108448803; Jensen, Benjamin D. 1,2 Wise, Kristopher E. 1 Odegard, Gregory M. 2; Email Address: gmodegar@mtu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan; Source Info: 8/5/2015, Vol. 36 Issue 21, p1587; Subject Term: THERMOSTAT; Subject Term: STRAIN rate (Materials science); Subject Term: MECHANICAL failures; Subject Term: DIAMONDS; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: SWNT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414410 Jewellery and watch merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/jcc.23970
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christopher J. Burke
AU  - Jessie L. Christiansen
AU  - F. Mullally
AU  - Shawn Seader
AU  - Daniel Huber
AU  - Jason F. Rowe
AU  - Jeffrey L. Coughlin
AU  - Susan E. Thompson
AU  - Joseph Catanzarite
AU  - Bruce D. Clarke
AU  - Timothy D. Morton
AU  - Douglas A. Caldwell
AU  - Stephen T. Bryson
AU  - Michael R. Haas
AU  - Natalie M. Batalha
AU  - Jon M. Jenkins
AU  - Peter Tenenbaum
AU  - Joseph D. Twicken
AU  - Jie Li
AU  - Elisa Quintana
T1  - TERRESTRIAL PLANET OCCURRENCE RATES FOR THE KEPLER GK DWARF SAMPLE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/08/10/
VL  - 809
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We measure planet occurrence rates using the planet candidates discovered by the Q1-Q16 Kepler pipeline search. This study examines planet occurrence rates for the Kepler GK dwarf target sample for planet radii,   2.5 , and orbital periods, 300 days, with an emphasis on a thorough exploration and identification of the most important sources of systematic uncertainties. Integrating over this parameter space, we measure an occurrence rate of F0 = 0.77 planets per star, with an allowed range of 1.9. The allowed range takes into account both statistical and systematic uncertainties, and values of F0 beyond the allowed range are significantly in disagreement with our analysis. We generally find higher planet occurrence rates and a steeper increase in planet occurrence rates toward small planets than previous studies of the Kepler GK dwarf sample. Through extrapolation, we find that the one year orbital period terrestrial planet occurrence rate = 0.1, with an allowed range of 2, where is defined as the number of planets per star within 20% of the and of Earth. For G dwarf hosts, the parameter space is a subset of the larger parameter space, thus places a lower limit on for G dwarf hosts. From our analysis, we identify the leading sources of systematics impacting Kepler occurrence rate determinations as reliability of the planet candidate sample, planet radii, pipeline completeness, and stellar parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - DWARF planets
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - SPACE vehicles
N1  - Accession Number: 108891020; Christopher J. Burke 1; Email Address: christopher.j.burke@nasa.gov Jessie L. Christiansen 2 F. Mullally 1 Shawn Seader 1 Daniel Huber 3,4,5 Jason F. Rowe 1 Jeffrey L. Coughlin 1 Susan E. Thompson 1 Joseph Catanzarite 1 Bruce D. Clarke 1 Timothy D. Morton 6 Douglas A. Caldwell 1 Stephen T. Bryson 7 Michael R. Haas 7 Natalie M. Batalha 7 Jon M. Jenkins 7 Peter Tenenbaum 1 Joseph D. Twicken 1 Jie Li 1 Elisa Quintana 1; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  6: Department of Astrophysics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2015, Vol. 809 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: DWARF planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108891020&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Julian C. van Eyken
AU  - Jason W. Barnes
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Sean J. Carey
AU  - Christopher J. Crockett
AU  - Jason Eastman
AU  - Christopher M. Johns-Krull
AU  - Steve B. Howell
AU  - Stephen R. Kane
AU  - Jacob N . Mclane
AU  - Peter Plavchan
AU  - L. Prato
AU  - John Stauffer
AU  - Gerard T. van Belle
AU  - Kaspar von Braun
T1  - FOLLOW-UP OBSERVATIONS OF PTFO 8-8695: A 3 MYR OLD T TAURI STAR HOSTING A JUPITER-MASS PLANETARY CANDIDATE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/08/10/
VL  - 809
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Spitzer 4.5 μm light curve observations, Keck NIRSPEC radial velocity observations, and LCOGT optical light curve observations of PTFO 8-8695, which may host a Jupiter-sized planet in a very short orbital period (0.45 days). Previous work by van Eyken et al. and Barnes et al. predicts that the stellar rotation axis and the planetary orbital plane should precess with a period of 300–600 days. As a consequence, the observed transits should change shape and depth, disappear, and reappear with the precession. Our observations indicate the long-term presence of the transit events ( years), and that the transits indeed do change depth, disappear and reappear. The Spitzer observations and the NIRSPEC radial velocity observations (with contemporaneous LCOGT optical light curve data) are consistent with the predicted transit times and depths for the precession model and demonstrate the disappearance of the transits. An LCOGT optical light curve shows that the transits do reappear approximately 1 year later. The observed transits occur at the times predicted by a straight-forward propagation of the transit ephemeris. The precession model correctly predicts the depth and time of the Spitzer transit and the lack of a transit at the time of the NIRSPEC radial velocity observations. However, the precession model predicts the return of the transits approximately 1 month later than observed by LCOGT. Overall, the data are suggestive that the planetary interpretation of the observed transit events may indeed be correct, but the precession model and data are currently insufficient to confirm firmly the planetary status of PTFO 8-8695b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - EPHEMERIS Time
KW  - NATURAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 108890941; David R. Ciardi 1; Email Address: ciardi@ipac.caltech.edu Julian C. van Eyken 1,2,3 Jason W. Barnes 4 Charles A. Beichman 1 Sean J. Carey 5 Christopher J. Crockett 6 Jason Eastman 3,7 Christopher M. Johns-Krull 8 Steve B. Howell 9 Stephen R. Kane 10 Jacob N . Mclane 11 Peter Plavchan 12 L. Prato 11 John Stauffer 5 Gerard T. van Belle 11 Kaspar von Braun 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: University of California, Santa Barbara/LCOGT, Santa Barbara, CA, USA  3: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, Goleta, CA, USA  4: University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA  5: Spitzer Science Center/Caltech, Pasadena, CA, USA  6: Science News, Washington, DC, USA  7: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA  8: Rice University, Houston, TX, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA  10: San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA  11: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, USA  12: Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2015, Vol. 809 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: EPHEMERIS Time; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/42
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108890941&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - I. N. Kitiashvili
AU  - A. G. Kosovichev
AU  - N. N. Mansour
AU  - A. A. Wray
T1  - REALISTIC MODELING OF LOCAL DYNAMO PROCESSES ON THE SUN.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/08/10/
VL  - 809
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Magnetic fields are usually observed in the quiet Sun as small-scale elements that cover the entire solar surface (the “salt-and-pepper” patterns in line-of-sight magnetograms). By using 3D radiative MHD numerical simulations, we find that these fields result from a local dynamo action in the top layers of the convection zone, where extremely weak “seed” magnetic fields (e.g., from a 10−6 G) can locally grow above the mean equipartition field to a stronger than 2000 G field localized in magnetic structures. Our results reveal that the magnetic flux is predominantly generated in regions of small-scale helical downflows. We find that the local dynamo action takes place mostly in a shallow, about 500 km deep, subsurface layer, from which the generated field is transported into the deeper layers by convective downdrafts. We demonstrate that the observed dominance of vertical magnetic fields at the photosphere and horizontal fields above the photosphere can be explained by small-scale magnetic loops produced by the dynamo. Such small-scale loops play an important role in the structure and dynamics of the solar atmosphere and their detection in observations is critical for understanding the local dynamo action on the Sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUN
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMIC magnetic fields
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - SOLAR photosphere
KW  - SOLAR granulation
N1  - Accession Number: 108891005; I. N. Kitiashvili 1; Email Address: irina.n.kitiashvili@nasa.gov A. G. Kosovichev 2 N. N. Mansour 1 A. A. Wray 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  2: New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2015, Vol. 809 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SOLAR photosphere; Subject Term: SOLAR granulation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/84
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108891005&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas Barclay
AU  - Elisa V. Quintana
AU  - Fred C. Adams
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Daniel Huber
AU  - Daniel Foreman-Mackey
AU  - Benjamin T. Montet
AU  - Douglas Caldwell
T1  - THE FIVE PLANETS IN THE KEPLER-296 BINARY SYSTEM ALL ORBIT THE PRIMARY: A STATISTICAL AND ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/08/10/
VL  - 809
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Kepler-296 is a binary star system with two M-dwarf components separated by 0.″2. Five transiting planets have been confirmed to be associated with the Kepler-296 system; given the evidence to date, however, the planets could in principle orbit either star. This ambiguity has made it difficult to constrain both the orbital and physical properties of the planets. Using both statistical and analytical arguments, this paper shows that all five planets are highly likely to orbit the primary star in this system. We performed a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo simulation using a five transiting planet model, leaving the stellar density and dilution with uniform priors. Using importance sampling, we compared the model probabilities under the priors of the planets orbiting either the brighter or the fainter component of the binary. A model where the planets orbit the brighter component, Kepler-296A, is strongly preferred by the data. Combined with our assertion that all five planets orbit the same star, the two outer planets in the system, Kepler-296 Ae and Kepler-296 Af, have radii of 1.53 ± 0.26 and 1.80 ± 0.31 , respectively, and receive incident stellar fluxes of 1.40 ± 0.23 and 0.62 ± 0.10 times the incident flux the Earth receives from the Sun. This level of irradiation places both planets within or close to the circumstellar habitable zone of their parent star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 108891032; Thomas Barclay 1,2 Elisa V. Quintana 1,3 Fred C. Adams 4 David R. Ciardi 5 Daniel Huber 6,7,8 Daniel Foreman-Mackey 9 Benjamin T. Montet 10,11 Douglas Caldwell 1,7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd Street, Suite 209 Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  3: NASA Senior Fellow.  4: Department of Physics, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA  5: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, MC 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  7: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  9: Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA  10: Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  11: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2015, Vol. 809 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108891032&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - William F. Welsh
AU  - Jerome A. Orosz
AU  - Donald R. Short
AU  - William D. Cochran
AU  - Michael Endl
AU  - Erik Brugamyer
AU  - Nader Haghighipour
AU  - Lars A. Buchhave
AU  - Laurance R. Doyle
AU  - Daniel C. Fabrycky
AU  - Tobias Cornelius Hinse
AU  - Stephen R. Kane
AU  - Veselin Kostov
AU  - Tsevi Mazeh
AU  - Sean M. Mills
AU  - Tobias W. A. Müller
AU  - Billy Quarles
AU  - Samuel N. Quinn
AU  - Darin Ragozzine
AU  - Avi Shporer
T1  - KEPLER 453 b—THE 10th KEPLER TRANSITING CIRCUMBINARY PLANET.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/08/10/
VL  - 809
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery of Kepler-453 b, a 6.2 planet in a low-eccentricity, 240.5 day orbit about an eclipsing binary. The binary itself consists of a 0.94 and 0.195 pair of stars with an orbital period of 27.32 days. The plane of the planet's orbit is rapidly precessing, and its inclination only becomes sufficiently aligned with the primary star in the latter portion of the Kepler data. Thus three transits are present in the second half of the light curve, but none of the three conjunctions that occurred during the first half of the light curve produced observable transits. The precession period is ∼103 years, and during that cycle, transits are visible only ∼8.9% of the time. This has the important implication that for every system like Kepler-453 that we detect, there are ∼11.5 circumbinary systems that exist but are not currently exhibiting transits. The planet's mass is too small to noticeably perturb the binary, and consequently its mass is not measurable with these data; however, our photodynamical model places a 1σ upper limit of . With a period 8.8 times that of the binary, the planet is well outside the dynamical instability zone. It does, however, lie within the habitable zone of the binary, making it the third of 10 Kepler circumbinary planets to do so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCUMBINARY planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
N1  - Accession Number: 108891008; William F. Welsh 1; Email Address: wwelsh@mail.sdsu.edu Jerome A. Orosz 1; Email Address: jorosz@mail.sdsu.edu Donald R. Short 1 William D. Cochran 2 Michael Endl 2 Erik Brugamyer 2 Nader Haghighipour 3 Lars A. Buchhave 4,5 Laurance R. Doyle 6,7 Daniel C. Fabrycky 8 Tobias Cornelius Hinse 9,10 Stephen R. Kane 11 Veselin Kostov 12 Tsevi Mazeh 13 Sean M. Mills 8 Tobias W. A. Müller 14 Billy Quarles 15 Samuel N. Quinn 16,17 Darin Ragozzine 18 Avi Shporer 19,20,21; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1221, USA  2: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas as Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA  3: Institute for Astronomy and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  5: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  6: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: Principia College, IMoP, One Maybeck Place, Elsah, Illinois 62028, USA  8: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USA  9: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedukdae-ro, Yuseong-gu 305-348, Daejeon, Korea  10: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, BT61 9DG, Armagh, NI, UK  11: Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  12: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  13: School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel  14: Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany  15: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  16: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place NE Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA  17: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.  18: Florida Institute of Technology, Department of Physics and Space Sciences, 150 W. University Blvd., Melbourne, FL 32901, USA  19: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  20: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  21: Sagan Fellow.; Source Info: 8/10/2015, Vol. 809 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMBINARY planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/26
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108891008&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Vegetation cover change in the Upper Kings River basin of the Sierra Nevada detected using Landsat satellite image analysis.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2015/08/15/
VL  - 131
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 635
EP  - 647
SN  - 01650009
AB  - The Sierra Nevada of California is a region where large forest fires have been suppressed for over a century and future climate warming has the potential to alter vegetation cover and surface water runoff. A detailed geographic record of recent changes in vegetation cover across the Sierra Nevada remains a gap that can be filled with satellite remote sensing data. Results from Landsat image analysis over the past 25 years in the Upper Kings River basin showed that consistent increases in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have not extended above 2000 m elevation. Moreover, mean increases in NDVI since 1986 at elevations below 2000 m (which cover about half of the total basin area) have not exceeded 9 %, even in the most extreme precipitation yearly comparisons. NDVI has decreased significantly at elevations above 2000 m throughout the basin in relatively wet year comparisons since the mid-1980s. These findings conflict with any assumptions that evapotranspiration fluxes impacting river flows downstream have been altered mainly by vegetation change over most of the Upper Kings River basin in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GROUND vegetation cover
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - NORMALIZED difference vegetation index
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - SIERRA Nevada (Calif. & Nev.) -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 108330314; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 131 Issue 4, p635; Subject Term: GROUND vegetation cover; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: NORMALIZED difference vegetation index; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: SIERRA Nevada (Calif. & Nev.) -- Environmental conditions; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10584-015-1397-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108330314&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hornbuckle, B.C.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Thompson, G.B.
T1  - Influence of Hf solute additions on the precipitation and hardenability in Ni-rich NiTi alloys.
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2015/08/15/
VL  - 640
M3  - Article
SP  - 449
EP  - 454
SN  - 09258388
AB  - Very Ni-rich NiTi alloys have recently been shown to have an unusually high hardness, comparable to tool steels, and other attributes that make them promising candidates for bearing and related applications. This high hardness has been associated with the precipitation of a large volume fraction of Ni 4 Ti 3 platelets, resulting in a matrix that consists of narrow B2 matrix channels. In this work, a series of Ni-rich ternary alloys with dilute solute additions of Hf (54Ni–45Ti–1Hf, 55Ni–44Ti–1Hf, 54Ni–44Ti–2Hf, and 56Ni–40Ti–4Hf (at.%)) have been investigated. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed a B2 NiTi matrix phase containing nanoscale Ni 4 Ti 3 platelets, H-phase precipitates, and R-phase; however, the H-phase and R-phase were not present initially but only after aging for a period of time. At aging times greater than ∼100 h at 400 °C, all ternary alloys showed a slight secondary increase in hardness, which was attributed to H-phase precipitation and growth within the B2 channels. In the particular case of the 56Ni–40Ti–4Hf alloy, hardness increased with aging to a maximum value of 679 VHN, which was greater than all other binary or ternary alloys examined. Additionally the H-phase appeared to alter or delay the typical breakdown sequence of the metastable Ni 4 Ti 3 strengthening phase by removing the excess Ni needed for its decomposition. The collective results provide new material insights for creating a next-generation NiTi based bearing alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROGEN fluoride
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - METALS -- Hardenability
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - BEARING steel
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
KW  - Hardness
KW  - NiTi
KW  - Precipitate strengthening
KW  - TEM
N1  - Accession Number: 102494361; Hornbuckle, B.C. 1 Noebe, R.D. 2 Thompson, G.B. 1; Email Address: gthompson@eng.ua.edu; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 640, p449; Subject Term: HYDROGEN fluoride; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: METALS -- Hardenability; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: BEARING steel; Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitate strengthening; Author-Supplied Keyword: TEM; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.04.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102494361&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charles E. Woodward
AU  - Michael S. P. Kelley
AU  - David E. Harker
AU  - Erin L. Ryan
AU  - Diane H. Wooden
AU  - Michael L. Sitko
AU  - Ray W. Russell
AU  - William T. Reach
AU  - Imke de Pater
AU  - Ludmilla Kolokolova
AU  - Robert D. Gehrz
T1  - SOFIA INFRARED SPECTROPHOTOMETRY OF COMET C/2012 K1 (PAN-STARRS).
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/08/20/
VL  - 809
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present pre-perihelion infrared 8–31 μm spectrophotometric and imaging observations of comet C/2012 K1 (Pan-STARRS), a dynamically new Oort Cloud comet, conducted with NASA's Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy facility (+FORCAST) in 2014 June. As a “new” comet (first inner solar system passage), the coma grain population may be extremely pristine, unencumbered by a rime and insufficiently irradiated by the Sun to carbonize its surface organics. The comet exhibited a weak 10 μm silicate feature ≃1.18 ± 0.03 above the underlying best-fit 215.32 ± 0.95 K continuum blackbody. Thermal modeling of the observed spectral energy distribution indicates that the coma grains are fractally solid with a porosity factor D = 3 and the peak in the grain size distribution, apeak = 0.6 μm, large. The sub-micron coma grains are dominated by amorphous carbon, with a silicate-to-carbon ratio of . The silicate crystalline mass fraction is , similar to with other dynamically new comets exhibiting weak 10 μm silicate features. The bolometric dust albedo of the coma dust is 0.14 ± 0.01 at a phase angle of 34.°76, and the average dust production rate, corrected to zero phase, at the epoch of our observations was Afρ ≃ 5340 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMETS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMOCHEMISTRY
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
N1  - Accession Number: 109046604; Charles E. Woodward 1; Email Address: chickw024@gmail.com Michael S. P. Kelley 2 David E. Harker 3 Erin L. Ryan 2 Diane H. Wooden 4 Michael L. Sitko 5 Ray W. Russell 6 William T. Reach 7 Imke de Pater 8 Ludmilla Kolokolova 2 Robert D. Gehrz; Affiliation:  1: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA  3: Center for Astrophysics & Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, Dept 0424, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  5: Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  6: The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90009, USA  7: USRA-SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2015, Vol. 809 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/809/2/181
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109046604&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Qi Yu
AU  - Mancini, John S.
AU  - Bowman, Joel M.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Crawford, T. Daniel
AU  - Klemperer, William F.
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
T1  - Communication: Spectroscopic consequences of proton delocalization in OCHCO+.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2015/08/21/
VL  - 143
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Even though quartic force fields (QFFs) and highly accurate coupled cluster computations describe the OCHCO+ cation at equilibrium as a complex between carbon monoxide and the formyl cation, two notable and typical interstellar and atmospheric molecules, the prediction from the present study is that the equilibrium C8v structure is less relevant to observables than the saddle-point D∞h structure. This is the conclusion from diffusion Monte Carlo and vibrational self-consistent field/virtual state configuration interaction calculations utilizing a semi-global potential energy surface. These calculations demonstrate that the proton "rattle" motion (v6) has centrosymmetric delocalization of the proton over the D∞h barrier lying only 393.6 cm-1 above the double-well OCHCO+ C∞v minima. As a result, this molecule will likely appear D8h, and the rotational spectrum will be significantly dimmer than the computed equilibrium 2.975 D center-of-mass dipole moment indicates. However, the proton transfer fundamental, determined to be at roughly 300 cm-1, has a very strong intensity. This prediction as well as those of other fundamentals should provide useful guides for laboratory detection of this cation. Finally, it is shown that the two highest energy QFF-determined modes are actually in good agreement with their vibrational configuration interaction counterparts. These high-level quantum chemical methods provide novel insights into this fascinating and potentially common interstellar molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DELOCALIZATION energy
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - THEOBROMINE
KW  - WORKSTATION clusters (Computer systems)
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - CARBON monoxide
N1  - Accession Number: 109093321; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1; Email Address: rfortenberry@georgiasouthern.edu Qi Yu 2 Mancini, John S. 2; Email Address: jmbowma@emory.edu Bowman, Joel M. 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3 Crawford, T. Daniel 4 Klemperer, William F. 5 Francisco, Joseph S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, USA  2: Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA  5: Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  6: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 143 Issue 7, p1; Subject Term: DELOCALIZATION energy; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: THEOBROMINE; Subject Term: WORKSTATION clusters (Computer systems); Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Subject Term: CATIONS; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325411 Medicinal and Botanical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4929345
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109093321&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
T1  - Compiled furnace cyclic lives of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2015/08/25/
VL  - 276
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 38
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Furnace cycling has been widely used to study the failure of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings. This contribution compiles TBC furnace cyclic lives over a broad literature base to highlight optimum systems and generalized trends not always apparent in one study. Systems included typical bond coats (Pt-modified aluminides, diffused Pt-only γ/γ′, and NiCoCrAlY (± Pt, Hf) overlays) and superalloy substrates (1st, 2nd, 3rd generation single crystals, directionally solidified, or conventionally cast). Pretreatments included controlled low p(O 2 ) bond coat pre-oxidation and grit blasting (or none). The aggregate lives (~ 70) suggest a general trend with temperature, ~ 10-fold decrease for every 100 °C increase. Measured alumina scale thicknesses (~ 30) were, on average, ~ 6.1 ± 1.8 μm at failure and independent of temperature for conventional systems. Most failures thus occurred in less time than that predicted to grow 7 μm of alumina scale (as estimated from separate TGA studies of a Pt-modified aluminide coated 2nd generation single crystal superalloy). A tentative activation energy indicated from the broad distribution of failure times was ~ 280 kJ/mol, while that from homogeneous TGA testing was ~ 380 kJ/mol, with regression coefficients of r 2 = 0.57 and 0.98, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FURNACES
KW  - PHYSICAL vapor deposition
KW  - ELECTRON beams
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - ACTIVATION energy
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - Aluminides
KW  - Cyclic oxidation
KW  - Spallation
KW  - Superalloys
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
N1  - Accession Number: 108823572; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: James.L.Smialek@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 276, p31; Subject Term: FURNACES; Subject Term: PHYSICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: ACTIVATION energy; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyclic oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spallation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416120 Plumbing, heating and air-conditioning equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236210 Industrial Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333414 Heating Equipment (except Warm Air Furnaces) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333416 Heating equipment and commercial refrigeration equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423720 Plumbing and Heating Equipment and Supplies (Hydronics) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.06.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108823572&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yoder, D.A.
AU  - DeBonis, J.R.
AU  - Georgiadis, N.J.
T1  - Modeling of turbulent free shear flows.
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2015/08/31/
VL  - 117
M3  - Article
SP  - 212
EP  - 232
SN  - 00457930
AB  - The modeling of turbulent free shear flows is crucial to the simulation of many aerospace applications, yet often receives less attention than the modeling of wall boundary layers. Thus, while turbulence model development in general has proceeded very slowly in the past twenty years, progress for free shear flows has been even more so. This paper highlights some of the fundamental issues in modeling free shear flows for propulsion applications, presents a review of past modeling efforts, and identifies areas where further research is needed. Among the topics discussed are differences between planar and axisymmetric flows, development versus self-similar regions, the effect of compressibility and the evolution of compressibility corrections, the effect of temperature on jets, and the significance of turbulent Prandtl and Schmidt numbers for reacting shear flows. Large-eddy simulation greatly reduces the amount of empiricism in the physical modeling, but is sensitive to a number of numerical issues. This paper includes an overview of the importance of numerical scheme, mesh resolution, boundary treatment, sub-grid modeling, and filtering in conducting a successful simulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - Compressibility effects
KW  - Jet flow
KW  - Mixing layers
KW  - Propulsion
KW  - Temperature effects
KW  - Turbulence models
N1  - Accession Number: 103558748; Yoder, D.A. 1; Email Address: dennis.a.yoder@nasa.gov DeBonis, J.R. 1; Email Address: james.r.debonis@nasa.gov Georgiadis, N.J. 1; Email Address: nicholas.j.georgiadis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Aug2015, Vol. 117, p212; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressibility effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixing layers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence models; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.05.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103558748&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nabity, James A.
AU  - Lee, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Low temperature ozone oxidation of solid waste surrogates.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 56
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 970
EP  - 981
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Solid waste management presents a significant challenge to human spaceflight and especially, long-term missions beyond Earth orbit. A six-month mission will generate over 300 kg of solid wastes per crewmember that must be dealt with to eliminate the need for storage and prevent it from becoming a biological hazard to the crew. There are several methods for the treatment of wastes that include oxidation via ozone, incineration, microbial oxidation or pyrolysis and physical methods such as microwave drying and compaction. In recent years, a low temperature oxidation process using ozonated water has been developed for the chemical conversion of organic wastes to CO 2 and H 2 O. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the rate and effectiveness with which ozone oxidized several different waste materials. Increasing the surface area by chopping or shredding the solids into small pieces more than doubled the rate of oxidation. A greater flow of ozone and agitation of the ozonated water system also increased processing rates. Of the materials investigated, plastics have proven the most difficult to oxidize. The processing of plastics above the glass transition temperatures caused the plastics to clump together which reduced the exposed surface area, while processing at lower temperatures reduced surface reaction kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOW temperature (Weather)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - SOLID waste management
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - Mixed wastes
KW  - Ozone oxidation
KW  - Plastics
KW  - Solid wastes
KW  - Sterilization
KW  - Waste treatment
N1  - Accession Number: 108552037; Nabity, James A. 1; Email Address: james.nabity@colorado.edu Lee, Jeffrey M. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 95032, United States; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p970; Subject Term: LOW temperature (Weather); Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: SOLID waste management; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed wastes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plastics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid wastes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sterilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Waste treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2015.05.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berra, Lee M.
AU  - Slater, John W.
AU  - Olcmen, Semih M.
T1  - Conceptual redesign of the B-1B bomber inlets for improved supersonic performance.
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 45
M3  - Article
SP  - 476
EP  - 483
SN  - 12709638
AB  - This paper presents a conceptual study of two alternative inlet concepts for the United States Air Force B-1B bomber to provide for improved supersonic performance with expansion of capabilities to high-altitude, high-speed flight at Mach 2.0. The two inlet concepts are two-dimensional, variable-ramp inlet systems designed to replace the current fixed-geometry, pitot inlets of the B-1B. One inlet incorporates a two-ramp system, while a second inlet incorporates a two-ramp system containing an isentropic contour. The entire inlet system including the supersonic diffuser, throat, cowl lip, and subsonic diffuser sections was designed to maximize the total pressure recovery at the engine fan face to achieve maximum thrust by the engine at Mach 2.0 conditions. Analytic methods implemented into the MATLAB and the NASA SUPIN codes are used to design and analyze the two-dimensional inlet concepts. In addition, WIND-US computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to check and improve the results of the analytic design methods. The results suggest that at Mach 2.0, the total pressure recovery of the inlets could increase from 0.70 to 0.94. The inlet capture area and cowl drag increased; however, the overall improvements resulted in a 98% thrust increase over the existing inlet at the design point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOMBERS (Airplanes)
KW  - INLETS
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - MACHINE performance
KW  - UNITED States. Air Force
N1  - Accession Number: 108809164; Berra, Lee M. 1; Email Address: Lee.Berra@gmail.com Slater, John W. 2; Email Address: john.w.slater@nasa.gov Olcmen, Semih M. 3; Email Address: Solcmen@eng.ua.edu; Affiliation:  1: USAF Test Pilot School Class 15B, 220 South Wolfe Ave, Edwards AFB, CA 93524, United States  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center Inlet and Nozzle Branch, MS 5-12, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: University of Alabama, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics, 245 7th Ave, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, United States; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 45, p476; Subject Term: BOMBERS (Airplanes); Subject Term: INLETS; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: MACHINE performance; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Air Force; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928110 National Security; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2015.06.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108809164&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cutler, Andrew D.
AU  - Cantu, Luca M. L.
AU  - Gallo, Emanuela C. A.
AU  - Baurle, Rob
AU  - Danehy, Paul M.
AU  - Rockwell, Robert
AU  - Goyne, Christopher
AU  - McDaniel, Jim
T1  - Nonequilibrium Supersonic Freestream Studied Using Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2762
EP  - 2770
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Measurements were conducted at the University of Virginia Supersonic Combustion Facility of the flow in a constant-area duct downstream of a Mach 2 nozzle. The airflow was heated to approximately 1200 K in the facility heater upstream of the nozzle. Dual-pump coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy was used to measure the rotational and vibrational temperatures of N2 and O2, at two planes in the duct. The expectation was that the vibrational temperature would be in equilibrium, because most scramjet facilities are vitiated air facilities and arc in vibrational equilibrium. However, with a flow of clean air, the vibrational temperature of N2 along a streamline remains approximately constant between the measurement plane and the facility heater, the vibrational temperature of O2 in the duct is about 1000 K, and the rotational temperature is consistent with the isentropic flow. The measurements of N2 vibrational temperature enabled cross-stream nonuniformities in the temperature exiting the facility heater to be documented. The measurements are in agreement with computational fluid dynamics models employing separate lumped vibrational and translational/rotational temperatures. Measurements and computations are also reported for a few percent steam addition to the air. The effect of the steam is to bring the flow to thermal equilibrium, also in agreement with the computational fluid dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONEQUILIBRIUM flow
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ANTI-Stokes scattering
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - ISENTROPIC processes
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 109374648; Cutler, Andrew D. 1 Cantu, Luca M. L. 1 Gallo, Emanuela C. A. 1 Baurle, Rob 2 Danehy, Paul M. 2 Rockwell, Robert 3 Goyne, Christopher 3 McDaniel, Jim 3; Affiliation:  1: George Washington University, Newport News, Virginia 23602  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 53 Issue 9, p2762; Subject Term: NONEQUILIBRIUM flow; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ANTI-Stokes scattering; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: ISENTROPIC processes; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053748
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fonti, S.
AU  - Mancarella, F.
AU  - Liuzzi, G.
AU  - Roush, T. L.
AU  - Chizek Frouard, M.
AU  - Murphy, J.
AU  - Blanco, A.
T1  - Revisiting the identification of methane on Mars using TES data.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 581
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 00046361
AB  - The presence and variability of methane in the Martian atmosphere has been investigated by several authors and spurred a lively discussion. In this context, we address our previous inference of spatial and temporal CH4 variability identified from Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer measurements which was used to suggest the possible existence of a martian methane cycle. The importance of the topic requires a clear assessment of such variability to correctly comprehend the possible production and destruction mechanisms of Martian methane. It is therefore important to carefully revisit previous results from a different perspective to confirm them before they are used for further investigations.We here describe in detail a new procedure used to validate these earlier Thermal Emission Spectrometer measurements and thoroughly analyze the results obtained with the revised procedure. In spite of our efforts of defining an efficient data analysis procedure, we have not been able to either confirm or refute the existence of the spatial and temporal variability of methane. Nevertheless, our work has produced new interesting tools, which, with the necessary adaptation, can be of some aid in processing and interpreting planetary spectra and, in general, for all the other cases requiring a preliminary selection of data included in very extensive datasets, which are difficult to be efficiently treated with traditional techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC methane
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - infrared: planetary systems
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: terrestrial planets
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
KW  - MARS Global Surveyor (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110129753; Fonti, S. 1; Email Address: sergio.fonti@le.infn.it Mancarella, F. 1 Liuzzi, G. 2 Roush, T. L. 3 Chizek Frouard, M. 4 Murphy, J. 4 Blanco, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy  2: Scuola di Ingegneria, Università della Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Planetary Systems Branch, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, 88003, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 581, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC methane; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: terrestrial planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; Company/Entity: MARS Global Surveyor (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201526235
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110129753&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Venuti, L.
AU  - Bouvier, J.
AU  - Irwin, J.
AU  - Stauffer, J. R.
AU  - Hillenbrand, L. A.
AU  - Rebull, L. M.
AU  - Cody, A. M.
AU  - Alencar, S. H. P.
AU  - Micela, G.
AU  - Flaccomio, E.
AU  - Peres, G.
T1  - UV variability and accretion dynamics in the young open cluster NGC 2264.
JO  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
JF  - Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 581
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00046361
AB  - Context. Photometric variability is a distinctive feature of young stellar objects; exploring variability signatures at different wavelengths provides insight into the physical processes at work in these sources. Aims. We explore the variability signatures at ultraviolet (UV) and optical wavelengths for several hundred accreting and non-accreting members of the star-forming region NGC 2264 (~3 Myr). Methods. We performed simultaneous monitoring of u- and r-band variability for the cluster population with CFHT/MegaCam. The survey extended over two full weeks, with several flux measurements per observing night. A sample of about 750 young stars is probed in our study, homogeneously calibrated and reduced, with internally consistently derived stellar parameters. Objects span the mass range 0.1-2 M⊙; about 40% of them show evidence for active accretion based on various diagnostics (Hα, UV, and IR excesses). Results. Statistically distinct variability properties are observed for accreting and non-accreting cluster members. The accretors exhibit a significantly higher level of variability than the non-accretors, in the optical and especially in the UV. The amount of u-band variability is found to correlate statistically with the median amount of UV excess in disk-bearing objects, which suggests that mass accretion and star-disk interaction are the main sources of variability in the u band. Spot models are applied to account for the amplitudes of variability of accreting and non-accreting members, which yields different results for each group. Cool magnetic spots, several hundred degrees colder than the stellar photosphere and covering from 5 to 30% of the stellar surface, appear to be the leading factor of variability for the non-accreting stars. In contrast, accretion spots with a temperature a few thousand degrees higher than the photospheric temperature and that extend over a few percent of the stellar surface best reproduce the variability of accreting objects. The color behavior is also found to be different between accreting and non-accreting stars. While objects commonly become redder when fainter, typical amplitudes of variability for accreting members rapidly increase from the r to the u band, which indicates a much stronger contrast at short wavelengths; a lower color dependence in the photometric amplitudes is instead measured for diskless stars. Finally, we compare the u-band variability monitored here on two-week timescales with that measured on both shorter (hours) and longer (years) timescales. We find that variability on timescales of hours is typically ~10% of the peak-to-peak variability on day timescales, while longer term variability on a timescale of years is consistent with amplitudes measured over weeks. Conclusions. We conclude that for both accreting and non-accreting stars, the mid-term rotational modulation by hot and cold spots is the leading timescale for a variability of up to several years. In turn, this suggests that the accretion process is essentially stable over years, although it exhibits low-level shorter term variations in single accretion events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astronomy & Astrophysics / Astronomie et Astrophysique is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET astronomy
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - T Tauri stars
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - accretion, accretion disks
KW  - open clusters and associations: individual: NGC 2264
KW  - stars: low-mass
KW  - stars: pre-main sequence
KW  - stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be
KW  - ultraviolet: stars
N1  - Accession Number: 110129745; Venuti, L. 1,2; Email Address: Laura.Venuti@obs.ujf-grenoble.fr Bouvier, J. 1,2 Irwin, J. 3 Stauffer, J. R. 4 Hillenbrand, L. A. 5 Rebull, L. M. 4 Cody, A. M. 4,6 Alencar, S. H. P. 7 Micela, G. 8 Flaccomio, E. 8 Peres, G. 9; Affiliation:  1: Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France  2: CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Astronomy Department, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Kepler Science Office, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  7: Departamento de Física -- ICEx -- UFMG, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 30270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil  8: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo G.S. Vaiana, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy  9: Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Piazza del Parlamento 1, 90134 Palermo, Italy; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 581, p1; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET astronomy; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: T Tauri stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: open clusters and associations: individual: NGC 2264; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main sequence; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be; Author-Supplied Keyword: ultraviolet: stars; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/0004-6361/201526164
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110129745&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edward W. Schwieterman
AU  - Tyler D. Robinson
AU  - Victoria S. Meadows
AU  - Amit Misra
AU  - Shawn Domagal-Goldman
T1  - DETECTING AND CONSTRAINING N2 ABUNDANCES IN PLANETARY ATMOSPHERES USING COLLISIONAL PAIRS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/09//9/1/2015
VL  - 810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Characterizing the bulk atmosphere of a terrestrial planet is important for determining surface pressure and potential habitability. Molecular nitrogen (N2) constitutes the largest fraction of Earth's atmosphere and is likely to be a major constituent of many terrestrial exoplanet atmospheres. Due to its lack of significant absorption features, N2 is extremely difficult to remotely detect. However, N2 produces an N2–N2 collisional pair, (N2)2, which is spectrally active. Here we report the detection of (N2)2 in Earth's disk-integrated spectrum. By comparing spectra from NASA's EPOXI mission to synthetic spectra from the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory three-dimensional spectral Earth model, we find that (N2)2 absorption produces a ∼35% decrease in flux at 4.15 μm. Quantifying N2 could provide a means of determining bulk atmospheric composition for terrestrial exoplanets and could rule out abiotic O2 generation, which is possible in rarefied atmospheres. To explore the potential effects of (N2)2 in exoplanet spectra, we used radiative transfer models to generate synthetic emission and transit transmission spectra of self-consistent N2–CO2–H2O atmospheres, and analytic N2–H2 and N2–H2–CO2 atmospheres. We show that (N2)2 absorption in the wings of the 4.3 μm CO2 band is strongly dependent on N2 partial pressures above 0.5 bar and can significantly widen this band in thick N2 atmospheres. The (N2)2 transit transmission signal is up to 10 ppm for an Earth-size planet with an N2-dominated atmosphere orbiting within the habitable zone of an M5V star and could be substantially larger for planets with significant H2 mixing ratios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
N1  - Accession Number: 109205625; Edward W. Schwieterman 1,2,3; Email Address: eschwiet@uw.edu Tyler D. Robinson 2,4 Victoria S. Meadows 1,2,3 Amit Misra 1,2,3 Shawn Domagal-Goldman 2,5; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA  2: NAI Virtual Planetary Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98115, USA  3: Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2015, Vol. 810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/57
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109205625&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jingnan Guo
AU  - Cary Zeitlin
AU  - Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber
AU  - Scot Rafkin
AU  - Donald M. Hassler
AU  - Arik Posner
AU  - Bernd Heber
AU  - Jan Köhler
AU  - Bent Ehresmann
AU  - Jan K. Appel
AU  - Eckart Böhm
AU  - Stephan Böttcher
AU  - Sönke Burmeister
AU  - David E. Brinza
AU  - Henning Lohf
AU  - Cesar Martin
AU  - H. Kahanpää
AU  - Günther Reitz
T1  - MODELING THE VARIATIONS OF DOSE RATE MEASURED BY RAD DURING THE FIRST MSL MARTIAN YEAR: 2012–2014.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/09//9/1/2015
VL  - 810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), on board Mars Science Laboratory’s (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures the energy spectra of both energetic charged and neutral particles along with the radiation dose rate at the surface of Mars. With these first-ever measurements on the Martian surface, RAD observed several effects influencing the galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) induced surface radiation dose concurrently: (a) short-term diurnal variations of the Martian atmospheric pressure caused by daily thermal tides, (b) long-term seasonal pressure changes in the Martian atmosphere, and (c) the modulation of the primary GCR flux by the heliospheric magnetic field, which correlates with long-term solar activity and the rotation of the Sun. The RAD surface dose measurements, along with the surface pressure data and the solar modulation factor, are analyzed and fitted to empirical models that quantitatively demonstrate how the long-term influences ((b) and (c)) are related to the measured dose rates. Correspondingly, we can estimate dose rate and dose equivalents under different solar modulations and different atmospheric conditions, thus allowing empirical predictions of the Martian surface radiation environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Measurement
KW  - NUCLEAR counters
KW  - RADIATION dosimetry
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 109205623; Jingnan Guo 1; Email Address: guo@physik.uni-kiel.de Cary Zeitlin 2 Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber 1 Scot Rafkin 3 Donald M. Hassler 3 Arik Posner 4 Bernd Heber 1 Jan Köhler 1 Bent Ehresmann 3 Jan K. Appel 1 Eckart Böhm 1 Stephan Böttcher 1 Sönke Burmeister 1 David E. Brinza 5 Henning Lohf 1 Cesar Martin 1 H. Kahanpää 6 Günther Reitz 7; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany  2: Southwest Research Institute, Earth, Oceans & Space Department, Durham, NH, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, Boulder, CO, USA  4: NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, Washington, DC, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  6: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland  7: Aerospace Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Köln, Germany; Source Info: 9/1/2015, Vol. 810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure -- Measurement; Subject Term: NUCLEAR counters; Subject Term: RADIATION dosimetry; Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/24
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109205623&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Radostin D. Simitev
AU  - Alexander G. Kosovichev
AU  - Friedrich H. Busse
T1  - DYNAMO EFFECTS NEAR THE TRANSITION FROM SOLAR TO ANTI-SOLAR DIFFERENTIAL ROTATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/09//9/1/2015
VL  - 810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Numerical MHD simulations play an increasingly important role for understanding the mechanisms of stellar magnetism. We present simulations of convection and dynamos in density-stratified rotating spherical fluid shells. We employ a new 3D simulation code for obtaining the solution of a physically consistent anelastic model of the process with a minimum number of parameters. The reported dynamo simulations extend into a “buoyancy-dominated” regime where the buoyancy forcing is dominant while the Coriolis force is no longer balanced by pressure gradients, and strong anti-solar differential rotation develops as a result. We find that the self-generated magnetic fields, despite being relatively weak, are able to reverse the direction of differential rotation from anti-solar to solar-like. We also find that convection flows in this regime are significantly stronger in the polar regions than in the equatorial region, leading to non-oscillatory dipole-dominated dynamo solutions, and to a concentration of magnetic field in the polar regions. We observe that convection has a different morphology in the inner and the outer part of the convection zone simultaneously such that organized geostrophic convection columns are hidden below a near-surface layer of well-mixed highly chaotic convection. While we focus our attention on the buoyancy-dominated regime, we also demonstrate that conical differential rotation profiles and persistent regular dynamo oscillations can be obtained in the parameter space of the rotation-dominated regime even within this minimal model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Magnetic fields
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CORIOLIS force
KW  - GEOSTROPHIC currents
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 109205594; Radostin D. Simitev 1,2,3 Alexander G. Kosovichev 3,4 Friedrich H. Busse 2,5; Affiliation:  1: School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow—Glasgow G12 8QW, UK  2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles—Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center—Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: New Jersey Institute of Technology—Newark, NJ 07103, USA  5: Institute of Physics, University of Bayreuth—Bayreuth D-95440, Germany; Source Info: 9/1/2015, Vol. 810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Magnetic fields; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CORIOLIS force; Subject Term: GEOSTROPHIC currents; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/80
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109205594&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S. Thomas
AU  - R. Belikov
AU  - E. Bendek
T1  - TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH-CONTRAST IMAGING IN MULTI-STAR SYSTEMS. I. SUPER-NYQUIST WAVEFRONT CONTROL.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/09//9/1/2015
VL  - 810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Direct imaging of extra-solar planets is now a reality with the deployment and commissioning of the first generation of specialized ground-based instruments (GPI, SPHERE, P1640, and SCExAO). These systems allow of planets 107 times fainter than their host star. For space-based missions (EXCEED, EXO-C, EXO-S, WFIRST), various teams have demonstrated laboratory contrasts reaching 10−10 within a few diffraction limits from the star. However, all of these current and future systems are designed to detect faint planets around a single host star, while most non-M-dwarf stars such as Alpha Centauri belong to multi-star systems. Direct imaging around binaries/multiple systems at a level of contrast allowing detection of Earth-like planets is challenging because the region of interest is contaminated by the host star's companion in addition to the host itself. Generally, the light leakage is caused by both diffraction and aberrations in the system. Moreover, the region of interest usually falls outside the correcting zone of the deformable mirror (DM) with respect to the companion. Until now, it has been thought that removing the light of a companion star is too challenging, leading to the exclusion of many binary systems from target lists of direct imaging coronographic missions. In this paper, we will show new techniques for high-contrast imaging of planets around multi-star systems and detail the Super-Nyquist Wavefront Control (SNWC) method, which allows wavefront errors to be controlled beyond the nominal control region of the DM. Our simulations have demonstrated that, with SNWC, raw contrasts of at least 5 × 10−9 in a 10% bandwidth are possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WAVEFRONTS (Optics)
KW  - NYQUIST frequency
KW  - ALPHA Centauri
KW  - DWARF stars
N1  - Accession Number: 109205628; S. Thomas 1 R. Belikov 1 E. Bendek 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA AMES Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2015, Vol. 810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WAVEFRONTS (Optics); Subject Term: NYQUIST frequency; Subject Term: ALPHA Centauri; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/81
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109205628&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKissick, Katie
T1  - where's the water?
JO  - Children's Technology & Engineering
JF  - Children's Technology & Engineering
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 23
PB  - International Technology & Engineering Educators Association
AB  - The article offers information on the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) spacecraft of the U.S. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. It discusses its use in measurement of moisture in top layer of soil all over the Earth. It states that SMAP will help in prediction of weather and would take measurements in an interval of two or three days which would help in analysis of effect of weather on soil.
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - SOIL moisture -- Measurement
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 110029891; McKissick, Katie 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p22; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: SOIL moisture -- Measurement; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cerracchio, Priscilla
AU  - Gherlone, Marco
AU  - Di Sciuva, Marco
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
T1  - A novel approach for displacement and stress monitoring of sandwich structures based on the inverse Finite Element Method.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 127
M3  - Article
SP  - 69
EP  - 76
SN  - 02638223
AB  - The real-time reconstruction of the displacement and stress fields from discrete-location strain measurements is a fundamental feature for monitoring systems, which is generally referred to as shape- and stress-sensing. Presented herein is a computationally efficient shape- and stress-sensing methodology that is ideally suited for applications to laminated composite and sandwich structures. The new approach employs the inverse Finite Element Method (iFEM) as a general framework and the Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT) as the underlying plate theory. Using a C 0 -discretization, a three-node inverse plate finite element is formulated. The element formulation enables robust and efficient modeling of plate structures instrumented with strain sensors that have arbitrary positions. The methodology leads to a set of linear algebraic equations that are solved efficiently for the unknown nodal displacements. These displacements are then used at the finite element level to compute full-field strains and stresses that may be in turn used to assess structural integrity. Numerical results for multilayered, highly heterogeneous laminates demonstrate the unique capability of this new formulation for shape- and stress-sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISPLACEMENT (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - DISCRETIZATION methods
KW  - Inverse Finite Element Method
KW  - Sandwich structures
KW  - Shape sensing
KW  - Stress sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 102100279; Cerracchio, Priscilla 1; Email Address: priscilla.cerracchio@polito.it Gherlone, Marco 1; Email Address: marco.gherlone@polito.it Di Sciuva, Marco 1; Email Address: marco.disciuva@polito.it Tessler, Alexander 2; Email Address: Alexander.Tessler-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 127, p69; Subject Term: DISPLACEMENT (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: DISCRETIZATION methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse Finite Element Method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress sensing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.02.081
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102100279&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Casner, Stephen M.
AU  - Schooler, Jonathan W.
T1  - Vigilance impossible: Diligence, distraction, and daydreaming all lead to failures in a practical monitoring task.
JO  - Consciousness & Cognition
JF  - Consciousness & Cognition
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 35
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 41
SN  - 10538100
AB  - In laboratory studies of vigilance, participants watch for unusual events in a “sit and stare” fashion as their performance typically declines over time. But watch keepers in practical settings seldom approach monitoring in such simplistic ways and controlled environments. We observed airline pilots performing routine monitoring duties in the cockpit. Unlike laboratory studies, pilots’ monitoring did not deteriorate amidst prolonged vigils. Monitoring was frequently interrupted by other pop-up tasks and misses followed. However, when free from these distractions, pilots reported copious mind wandering. Pilots often confined their mind wandering to times in which their monitoring performance would not conspicuously suffer. But when no convenient times were available, pilots mind wandered anyway and misses ensued. Real-world monitors may be caught between a continuous vigilance approach that is doomed to fail, a dynamic environment that cannot be fully controlled, and what may be an irresistible urge to let one’s thoughts drift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Consciousness & Cognition is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIGILANCE (Psychology)
KW  - DILIGENCE
KW  - DISTRACTION (Psychology)
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AIRPLANE cockpits
KW  - THOUGHT & thinking
KW  - Airline pilots
KW  - Cockpit
KW  - Distraction
KW  - Divided attention
KW  - Mind wandering
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Task-unrelated thought
KW  - Vigilance
N1  - Accession Number: 103158175; Casner, Stephen M. 1; Email Address: stephen.casner@nasa.gov Schooler, Jonathan W. 2; Email Address: jonathan.schooler@psych.ucsb.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Stop 262-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 35, p33; Subject Term: VIGILANCE (Psychology); Subject Term: DILIGENCE; Subject Term: DISTRACTION (Psychology); Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AIRPLANE cockpits; Subject Term: THOUGHT & thinking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airline pilots; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cockpit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Distraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Divided attention; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mind wandering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Task-unrelated thought; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vigilance; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.concog.2015.04.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103158175&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Neufeld, Michael J.
AU  - Charles, John B.
T1  - Practicing for space underwater: inventing neutral buoyancy training, 1963–1968.
JO  - Endeavour
JF  - Endeavour
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 39
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 147
EP  - 159
SN  - 01609327
AB  - Neutral buoyancy's value was far from obvious when human spaceflight began in 1961. Starting in 1964, Environmental Research Associates, a tiny company in the suburbs of Baltimore, developed the key innovations in an obscure research project funded by NASA's Langley Research Center. The new Houston center dismissed it until a mid-1966 EVA crisis, after which it rapidly took over. In parallel, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center developed many of the same techniques, as did many large aerospace corporations, yet the long-run technological impact of corporate activity was near zero. Because ERA and Marshall's pioneering activities led to the two long-running NASA training centers at Houston and Huntsville, those two organizations deserve primary credit for the construction of the neutral buoyancy technological system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Endeavour is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUOYANCY
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL Research Associates (Company)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
N1  - Accession Number: 111486887; Neufeld, Michael J. 1; Email Address: neufeldm@si.edu Charles, John B. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA  2: Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 39 Issue 3/4, p147; Subject Term: BUOYANCY; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Company/Entity: ENVIRONMENTAL Research Associates (Company) Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.endeavour.2015.05.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111486887&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lever, Mark A.
AU  - Rogers, Karyn L.
AU  - Lloyd, Karen G.
AU  - Overmann, Jörg
AU  - Schink, Bernhard
AU  - Thauer, Rudolf K.
AU  - Hoehler, Tori M.
AU  - Jørgensen, Bo Barker
T1  - Life under extreme energy limitation: a synthesis of laboratory- and field-based investigations.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 39
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 688
EP  - 728
SN  - 01686445
AB  - The ability of microorganisms to withstand long periods with extremely low energy input has gained increasing scientific attention in recent years. Starvation experiments in the laboratory have shown that a phylogenetically wide range of microorganisms evolve fitness-enhancing genetic traits within weeks of incubation under low-energy stress. Studies on natural environments that are cut off from new energy supplies over geologic time scales, such as deeply buried sediments, suggest that similar adaptations might mediate survival under energy limitation in the environment. Yet, the extent to which laboratory-based evidence of starvation survival in pure or mixed cultures can be extrapolated to sustained microbial ecosystems in nature remains unclear. In this review, we discuss past investigations on microbial energy requirements and adaptations to energy limitation, identify gaps in our current knowledge, and outline possible future foci of research on life under extreme energy limitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Reviews is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARVATION in microorganisms
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BACTERIAL cultures
KW  - MICROBIOLOGICAL research
KW  - adaptation
KW  - energy limitation
KW  - laboratory
KW  - microbial life
KW  - starvation
KW  - subseafloor
N1  - Accession Number: 109883793; Lever, Mark A. 1; Email Address: mark.lever@usys.ethz.ch Rogers, Karyn L. 2 Lloyd, Karen G. 3 Overmann, Jörg 4 Schink, Bernhard 5 Thauer, Rudolf K. 6 Hoehler, Tori M. 7 Jørgensen, Bo Barker 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Geomicrobiology, Institute of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  2: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Jonsson-Rowland Science Center, 1W19, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA  3: Department of Microbiology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, M409 Walters Life Sciences, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA  4: Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany  5: Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, P.O. Box 55 60, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany  6: Max Planck Institut für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße, D-35043 Marburg, Germany  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 39 Issue 5, p688; Subject Term: STARVATION in microorganisms; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BACTERIAL cultures; Subject Term: MICROBIOLOGICAL research; Author-Supplied Keyword: adaptation; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy limitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: microbial life; Author-Supplied Keyword: starvation; Author-Supplied Keyword: subseafloor; Number of Pages: 41p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 11 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/femsre/fuv020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109883793&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Godfroy-Cooper, Martine
AU  - Sandor, Patrick M. B.
AU  - Miller, Joel D.
AU  - Welch, Robert B.
T1  - The interaction of vision and audition in two-dimensional space.
JO  - Frontiers in Neuroscience
JF  - Frontiers in Neuroscience
Y1  - 2015/09//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 16624548
AB  - Using a mouse-driven visual pointer, 10 participants made repeated open-loop egocentric localizations of memorized visual, auditory, and combined visual-auditory targets projected randomly across the two-dimensional frontal field (2D). The results are reported in terms of variable error, constant error and local distortion. The results confirmed that auditory and visual maps of the egocentric space differ in their precision (variable error) and accuracy (constant error), both from one another and as a function of eccentricity and direction within a given modality. These differences were used, in turn, to make predictions about the precision and accuracy within which spatially and temporally congruent bimodal visual-auditory targets are localized. Overall, the improvement in precision for bimodal relative to the best unimodal target revealed the presence of optimal integration well-predicted by the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) model. Conversely, the hypothesis that accuracy in localizing the bimodal visual-auditory targets would represent a compromise between auditory and visual performance in favor of the most precise modality was rejected. Instead, the bimodal accuracy was found to be equivalent to or to exceed that of the best unimodal condition. Finally, we described how the different types of errors could be used to identify properties of the internal representations and coordinate transformations within the central nervous system (CNS). The results provide some insight into the structure of the underlying sensorimotor processes employed by the brain and confirm the usefulness of capitalizing on naturally occurring differences between vision and audition to better understand their interaction and their contribution to multimodal perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Frontiers in Neuroscience is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAXIMUM likelihood statistics
KW  - CENTRAL nervous system
KW  - 2D
KW  - accuracy
KW  - localization
KW  - MLE
KW  - precision
KW  - visual-auditory
N1  - Accession Number: 110840629; Godfroy-Cooper, Martine 1,2; Email Address: martine.godfroy-1@nasa.gov Sandor, Patrick M. B. 3,4 Miller, Joel D. 1,2 Welch, Robert B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Controls and Displays Group, Human Systems Integration Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: San Jose State University Research Foundation, San José, CA, USA  3: Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Action et Cognition en Situation Opérationnelle, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France  4: Aix Marseille Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, ISM UMR 7287, Marseille, France; Source Info: Sep2015, p1; Subject Term: MAXIMUM likelihood statistics; Subject Term: CENTRAL nervous system; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2D; Author-Supplied Keyword: accuracy; Author-Supplied Keyword: localization; Author-Supplied Keyword: MLE; Author-Supplied Keyword: precision; Author-Supplied Keyword: visual-auditory; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3389/fnins.2015.00311
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110840629&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Böhlke, J.K.
AU  - Andraski, Brian J.
AU  - Fahlquist, Lynne
AU  - Bexfield, Laura
AU  - Eckardt, Frank D.
AU  - Gates, John B.
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Rao, Balaji
AU  - Sevanthi, Ritesh
AU  - Rajagopalan, Srinath
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Sturchio, Neil
AU  - Hatzinger, Paul B.
AU  - Anderson, Todd A.
AU  - Orris, Greta
AU  - Betancourt, Julio
AU  - Stonestrom, David
AU  - Latorre, Claudio
T1  - Global patterns and environmental controls of perchlorate and nitrate co-occurrence in arid and semi-arid environments.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 164
M3  - Article
SP  - 502
EP  - 522
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Natural perchlorate (ClO 4 − ) is of increasing interest due to its wide-spread occurrence on Earth and Mars, yet little information exists on the relative abundance of ClO 4 − compared to other major anions, its stability, or long-term variations in production that may impact the observed distributions. Our objectives were to evaluate the occurrence and fate of ClO 4 − in groundwater and soils/caliche in arid and semi-arid environments (southwestern United States, southern Africa, United Arab Emirates, China, Antarctica, and Chile) and the relationship of ClO 4 − to the more well-studied atmospherically deposited anions NO 3 − and Cl − as a means to understand the prevalent processes that affect the accumulation of these species over various time scales. ClO 4 − is globally distributed in soil and groundwater in arid and semi-arid regions on Earth at concentrations ranging from 10 −1 to 10 6 μg/kg. Generally, the ClO 4 − concentration in these regions increases with aridity index, but also depends on the duration of arid conditions. In many arid and semi-arid areas, NO 3 − and ClO 4 − co-occur at molar ratios (NO 3 − /ClO 4 − ) that vary between ∼10 4 and 10 5 . We hypothesize that atmospheric deposition ratios are largely preserved in hyper-arid areas that support little or no biological activity (e.g. plants or bacteria), but can be altered in areas with more active biological processes including N 2 fixation, N mineralization, nitrification, denitrification, and microbial ClO 4 − reduction, as indicated in part by NO 3 − isotope data. In contrast, much larger ranges of Cl − /ClO 4 − and Cl − /NO 3 − ratios indicate Cl − varies independently from both ClO 4 − and NO 3 − . The general lack of correlation between Cl − and ClO 4 − or NO 3 − implies that Cl − is not a good indicator of co-deposition and should be used with care when interpreting oxyanion cycling in arid systems. The Atacama Desert appears to be unique compared to all other terrestrial locations having a NO 3 − /ClO 4 − molar ratio ∼10 3 . The relative enrichment in ClO 4 − compared to Cl − or NO 3 − and unique isotopic composition of Atacama ClO 4 − may reflect either additional in-situ production mechanism(s) or higher relative atmospheric production rates in that specific region or in the geological past. Elevated concentrations of ClO 4 − reported on the surface of Mars, and its enrichment with respect to Cl − and NO 3 − , could reveal important clues regarding the climatic, hydrologic, and potentially biologic evolution of that planet. Given the highly conserved ratio of NO 3 − /ClO 4 − in non-biologically active areas on Earth, it may be possible to use alterations of this ratio as a biomarker on Mars and for interpreting major anion cycles and processes on both Mars and Earth, particularly with respect to the less-conserved NO 3 − pool terrestrially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERCHLORATES
KW  - OXYANIONS
KW  - NITRATES
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - GROUNDWATER
KW  - DENITRIFICATION
N1  - Accession Number: 108342330; Jackson, W. Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.jackson@ttu.edu Böhlke, J.K. 2 Andraski, Brian J. 3 Fahlquist, Lynne 4 Bexfield, Laura 5 Eckardt, Frank D. 6 Gates, John B. 7 Davila, Alfonso F. 8 McKay, Christopher P. 9 Rao, Balaji 1 Sevanthi, Ritesh 1 Rajagopalan, Srinath 10 Estrada, Nubia 1 Sturchio, Neil 11 Hatzinger, Paul B. 12 Anderson, Todd A. 1 Orris, Greta 13 Betancourt, Julio 2 Stonestrom, David 14 Latorre, Claudio 15,16; Affiliation:  1: Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA  2: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA  3: U.S. Geological Survey, 2730 N. Deer Run Rd, Carson City, NV 89701, USA  4: U.S. Geological Survey, 1505 Ferguson Ln, Austin, TX 78754, USA  5: U.S. Geological Survey, 5338 Montgomery Blvd. NE, Suite 400, Albuquerque, NM 87109, USA  6: Dept. Environ. & Geog. Sci., University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa  7: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 217 Bessey Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0340, USA  8: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Department of Civil Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Kalavakkam 603110, India  11: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716, USA  12: CB&I Federal Services, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA  13: U.S. Geological Survey, Tucson, AZ, USA  14: U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA  15: Institute of Ecology & Biodiversity (IEB), Santiago, Chile  16: Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 164, p502; Subject Term: PERCHLORATES; Subject Term: OXYANIONS; Subject Term: NITRATES; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER; Subject Term: DENITRIFICATION; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2015.05.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108342330&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Platz, Thomas
AU  - Gulick, Virginia
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey
AU  - Yan, Jianguo
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Glines, Natalie
T1  - Did the martian outflow channels mostly form during the Amazonian Period?
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 257
M3  - Article
SP  - 387
EP  - 395
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Simud, Tiu, and Ares Valles comprise some of the largest outflow channels on Mars. Their excavation has been attributed variously to (or a combination of) erosion by catastrophic floods, glaciers, and debris flows. Numerous investigations indicate that they formed largely during the Late Hesperian (3.61–3.37 Ga). However, these studies mostly equate the ages of the outflow channel floors to those of the flows that generated mesoscale (several hundred meters to a few kilometers) bedforms within them. To improve the statistical accuracy in the age determinations of these flow events, we have used recently acquired high-resolution image and topographic data to map and date portions of Simud, Tiu and Ares Valles, which are extensively marked by these bedforms. Our results, which remove the statistical effects of older and younger outflow channel floor surfaces on the generation of modeled ages, reveal evidence for major outflow channel discharges occurring during the Early (3.37–1.23 Ga) and Middle (1.23–0.328 Ga) Amazonian, with activity significantly peaking during the Middle Amazonian stages. We also find that during the documented stages of Middle Amazonian discharges, the floor of Tiu Valles underwent widespread collapse, resulting in chaotic terrain formation. In addition, we present evidence showing that following the outflow channel discharges, collapse within northern Simud Valles generated another chaotic terrain. This younger chaos region likely represents the latest stage of large-scale outflow channel resurfacing within the study area. Our findings imply that in southern circum-Chryse the martian hydrosphere experienced large-scale drainage during the Amazonian, which likely led to periodic inundation and sedimentation within the northern plains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - FLOODS
KW  - GLACIERS
KW  - Hydrology
KW  - Mars
KW  - Surface
KW  - Terrestrial planets
N1  - Accession Number: 103655455; Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. 1,2 Platz, Thomas 2,3 Gulick, Virginia 1,4 Baker, Victor R. 5 Fairén, Alberto G. 6,7 Kargel, Jeffrey 5 Yan, Jianguo 8 Miyamoto, Hideaki 9 Glines, Natalie 1,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA  3: Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: Centro de Astrobiología, M-108 km 4, 28850 Madrid, Spain  7: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, 426 Space Sciences Bldg, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  8: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan 430070, China  9: The University Museum, University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 257, p387; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: FLOODS; Subject Term: GLACIERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial planets; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.04.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103655455&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schwerdt, Helen N.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
AU  - Chae, Junseok
T1  - Wireless Fully Passive Multichannel Recording of Neuropotentials Using Photo-Activated RF Backscattering Methods.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 63
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2965
EP  - 2970
SN  - 00189480
AB  - Fully passive RF backscattering for wireless monitoring of neuropotentials, electrical activity generated by neurons, is a promising recording technique that may subdue some of the safety restraints observed in traditional active or passive recording schemes. The fully passive device operates without power supply or regulating elements and exhibits a highly simplified implant circuit topology. However, a critical challenge is its current limitation to single channel recording. Here, a method of integrating multiple channels onto the fully passive system is demonstrated that preserves its fully passive qualities and a single shared antenna. Multichannel recording is implemented by introducing photo-selective and photo-sensitive switches to individual channel electrodes to control the activation of individual recording operations via an external multi-band light source. These multi-modal wireless processes are simulated and implemented on Pyrex substrates that demonstrate recording of emulated neuropotential signals as low as Vm \sim 0.7 mVpp with at least 10-dB channel isolation as tested in air. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BRAIN-computer interfaces
KW  - RADIO frequency identification systems
KW  - MULTICHANNEL communication
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - Backscatter
KW  - Backscattering
KW  - brain–machine interfaces (BMIs)
KW  - Computational modeling
KW  - Harmonic analysis
KW  - Photodiodes
KW  - Radio frequency
KW  - RF identification (RFID)
KW  - Schottky diodes
KW  - Wireless communication
KW  - wireless passive neural recording
N1  - Accession Number: 110834748; Schwerdt, Helen N. 1 Miranda, Felix A. 2 Chae, Junseok 3; Affiliation:  1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  3: Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 63 Issue 9, p2965; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BRAIN-computer interfaces; Subject Term: RADIO frequency identification systems; Subject Term: MULTICHANNEL communication; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscatter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Backscattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: brain–machine interfaces (BMIs); Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmonic analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photodiodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radio frequency; Author-Supplied Keyword: RF identification (RFID); Author-Supplied Keyword: Schottky diodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wireless communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: wireless passive neural recording; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2460746
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110834748&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, Kenneth H.
AU  - Schneider, Todd A.
AU  - Vaughn, Jason A.
AU  - Hoang, Bao
AU  - Wong, Frankie K.
T1  - High-Current ESD Test of Advanced Triple Junction Solar Array Coupon.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep2015 Part 1
VL  - 43
IS  - 9, Part 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 2993
EP  - 2999
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Testing was conducted on an advanced triple junction (ATJ) coupon that was part of a risk reduction effort in the development of a high-powered solar array design by Space Systems/Loral, LLC (SSL). The ATJ coupon was a small, four-cell, two-string configuration that has served as the basic test coupon design used in previous SSL environmental aging campaigns. The coupon has many attributes of the flight design; e.g., substrate structure with graphite face sheets, integrated by-pass diodes, cell interconnects, room-temperature vulcanizing grout, and wire routing. The objective of this test was to evaluate the performance of the coupon after it is subjected to secondary arc testing at two string voltages (100 and 150 V) and four array currents (1.650, 2.000, 2.475, and 3.300 A). An external test circuit, unique to SSL solar array design, was built that simulates the effect of missing cells and strings in a full solar panel with special primary arc (PA) flashover circuitry. A total of 73 PAs were obtained that included seven temporary sustained arcs (TSAs) events. The durations of the TSAs ranged from 50~\mu \texts to 2.75 ms. All TSAs occurred at a string voltage of 150 V. Post-test large area pulsed solar simulator, Dark $I$ – V$ , and by-pass diode tests showed that no degradation occurred due to the TSA events. In addition, the post-test insulation resistance measured was >50~\text{G}\Omega between cells and substrate. These test results point toward a robust design for application to a high-current, high-power mission. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC discharges
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ELECTRIC discharges
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - Arrays
KW  - Electron beams
KW  - Electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing
KW  - Electrostatic discharges
KW  - high-power solar array
KW  - photovoltaic cell testing
KW  - Probes
KW  - Substrates
KW  - Testing
KW  - Voltage measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 109361970; Wright, Kenneth H. 1 Schneider, Todd A. 2 Vaughn, Jason A. 2 Hoang, Bao 3 Wong, Frankie K. 3; Affiliation:  1: Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA  2: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, AL, USA  3: Space Systems/Loral, LLC, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2015 Part 1, Vol. 43 Issue 9, Part 1, p2993; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC discharges; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ELECTRIC discharges; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron beams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic discharge (ESD) testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic discharges; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-power solar array; Author-Supplied Keyword: photovoltaic cell testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Substrates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voltage measurement; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2015.2440185
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109361970&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McElroy, M.W.
AU  - Lawrie, A.
AU  - Bond, I.P.
T1  - Optimisation of an air film cooled CFRP panel with an embedded vascular network.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 88
M3  - Article
SP  - 284
EP  - 296
SN  - 00179310
AB  - The increasing use in the aerospace industry of strong, lightweight composite materials in primary structural components promises to substantially reduce aircraft non-pay-load weight, improving fuel consumption and operating profitability. This study explores the extension of composite material to regions of gas turbine engines previously considered too hot for composites with moderate melting points. Throughout the majority of a gas turbine cycle, gas stream temperatures exceed the polymer composite glass transition by a considerable margin. Boundary layer cooling strategies, however, may be adopted in the compression stages to extend the downstream distance that can be constructed using lightweight composites. This paper presents formulation and validation of a numerical model and its use in an optimisation study to develop a systematic process for thermal design of polymer composite structures in ‘warm’ gas streams. Internal vascular and external boundary layer film cooling strategies are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - COOLING
KW  - ENERGY consumption
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - Carbon fibre reinforced polymer
KW  - Film cooling
KW  - Microvascular
KW  - Thermal analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 103023655; McElroy, M.W. 1; Email Address: mark.w.mcelroy@nasa.gov Lawrie, A. 2 Bond, I.P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Durability, Damage Tolerance, and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK  3: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 88, p284; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: COOLING; Subject Term: ENERGY consumption; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon fibre reinforced polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Film cooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microvascular; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.04.071
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103023655&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Hu, Hong
AU  - Styborski, Jeremy
AU  - Chung, J.N.
T1  - Comparison of cryogenic flow boiling in liquid nitrogen and liquid hydrogen chilldown experiments.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 88
M3  - Article
SP  - 662
EP  - 673
SN  - 00179310
AB  - This paper presents a comparison between experimental results from recent liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) transfer line chilldown experiments at high Reynolds (Re) numbers versus liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) experiments conducted at low Re numbers. Parasitic heat leak, inner wall temperatures, inner wall heat fluxes, and heat transfer coefficients are computed to compare between the two systems. Analysis of temperature traces and flow visualization indicates that the chilldown process evolves much more rapidly at higher Re numbers due to a quick transition from vapor flow to annular liquid flow and near immediate liquid contact along the pipe walls. The lower kinematic viscosity and surface tension of LH 2 , along with reduced parasitic heat leak and higher Re numbers relative to the LN 2 experiments, causes chilldown to proceed almost immediately into the nucleate boiling regime, in comparison to low Re flows where >75% of the chilldown is spent in vapor film boiling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENIC fluids
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - LIQUID nitrogen
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - Chilldown
KW  - Cryogenic heat transfer coefficient
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Liquid nitrogen
KW  - Nucleate boiling
KW  - Transition boiling
N1  - Accession Number: 103023626; Hartwig, Jason 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Hu, Hong 2 Styborski, Jeremy 3 Chung, J.N. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Propulsion and Propellants Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States  3: Turbine Durability, Hot Section Engineering, Pratt & Whitney, East Hartford, CT 06118, United States; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 88, p662; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC fluids; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: LIQUID nitrogen; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chilldown; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic heat transfer coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleate boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transition boiling; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.04.102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103023626&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Analysis of fiber clustering in composite materials using high-fidelity multiscale micromechanics.
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 69
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 327
SN  - 00207683
AB  - A new multiscale micromechanical approach is developed for the prediction of the behavior of fiber reinforced composites in presence of fiber clustering. The developed method is based on a coupled two-scale implementation of the High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells theory, wherein both the local and global scales are represented using this micromechanical method. Concentration tensors and effective constitutive equations are established on both scales and linked to establish the required coupling, thus providing the local fields throughout the composite as well as the global properties and effective nonlinear response. Two non-dimensional parameters, in conjunction with actual composite micrographs, are used to characterize the clustering of fibers in the composite. Based on the predicted local fields, initial yield and damage envelopes are generated for various clustering parameters for a polymer matrix composite with both carbon and glass fibers. Nonlinear epoxy matrix behavior is also considered, with results in the form of effective nonlinear response curves, with varying fiber clustering and for two sets of nonlinear matrix parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MULTISCALE modeling
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - MATRICES
KW  - Composites
KW  - Fiber clustering
KW  - High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Multiscale
KW  - Nonlinearity
KW  - Yield and damage envelopes
N1  - Accession Number: 108433280; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: Brett.A.Bednarcyk@nasa.gov Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44256, United States  2: Tel Aviv University, Israel; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 69, p311; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MULTISCALE modeling; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: MATRICES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber clustering; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nonlinearity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yield and damage envelopes; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.05.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Shuguang
AU  - Sobel, Adam H.
AU  - Fridlind, Ann
AU  - Feng, Zhe
AU  - Comstock, Jennifer M.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Nordeen, Michele L.
T1  - Simulations of cloud-radiation interaction using large-scale forcing derived from the CINDY/DYNAMO northern sounding array.
JO  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
JF  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1472
EP  - 1498
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 19422466
AB  - The recently completed CINDY/DYNAMO field campaign observed two Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) events in the equatorial Indian Ocean from October to December 2011. Prior work has indicated that the moist static energy anomalies in these events grew and were sustained to a significant extent by radiative feedbacks. We present here a study of radiative fluxes and clouds in a set of cloud-resolving simulations of these MJO events. The simulations are driven by the large-scale forcing data set derived from the DYNAMO northern sounding array observations, and carried out in a doubly periodic domain using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Simulated cloud properties and radiative fluxes are compared to those derived from the S-PolKa radar and satellite observations. To accommodate the uncertainty in simulated cloud microphysics, a number of single-moment (1M) and double-moment (2M) microphysical schemes in the WRF model are tested. The 1M schemes tend to underestimate radiative flux anomalies in the active phases of the MJO events, while the 2M schemes perform better, but can overestimate radiative flux anomalies. All the tested microphysics schemes exhibit biases in the shapes of the histograms of radiative fluxes and radar reflectivity. Histograms of radiative fluxes and brightness temperature indicate that radiative biases are not evenly distributed; the most significant bias occurs in rainy areas with OLR less than 150 W/m2 in the 2M schemes. Analysis of simulated radar reflectivities indicates that this radiative flux uncertainty is closely related to the simulated stratiform cloud coverage. Single-moment schemes underestimate stratiform cloudiness by a factor of 2, whereas 2M schemes simulate much more stratiform cloud. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATE feedbacks
KW  - CLOUDINESS
KW  - MADDEN-Julian oscillation
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - RADAR meteorology
KW  - SOUNDING & soundings
KW  - CINDY/DYNAMO
KW  - cloud-radiation interaction
KW  - cloud-resolving simulaitons
KW  - microphysics
KW  - MJO
KW  - radiative feedback
N1  - Accession Number: 110399958; Wang, Shuguang 1 Sobel, Adam H. 1,2,3 Fridlind, Ann 4 Feng, Zhe 5 Comstock, Jennifer M. 5 Minnis, Patrick 6 Nordeen, Michele L. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University  2: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University  3: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University  4: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies  5: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory  6: NASA Langley Research Center  7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc.; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 7 Issue 3, p1472; Subject Term: CLIMATE feedbacks; Subject Term: CLOUDINESS; Subject Term: MADDEN-Julian oscillation; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: RADAR meteorology; Subject Term: SOUNDING & soundings; Author-Supplied Keyword: CINDY/DYNAMO; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud-radiation interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud-resolving simulaitons; Author-Supplied Keyword: microphysics; Author-Supplied Keyword: MJO; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative feedback; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/2015MS000461
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110399958&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cater, Christopher R.
AU  - Xinran Xiao
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Kohlman, Lee. W.
T1  - Single Ply and Multi-Ply Braided Composite Response Predictions Using Modified Subcell Approach.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 28
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 08931321
AB  - In this work, the modeling of triaxially braided composites was explored through a subcell approach using an improved semianalytical discretization scheme. The unit cell of the braided composite was divided into four unique subcells, each approximated by a mosaic stacking of unidirectional composite plies and modeled through the use of layered-shell elements within the finite-element model. Two subcell discretization schemes were investigated: a model explicitly capturing pure matrix regions, and a model which absorbed pure matrix pockets into neighboring tow plies. Differences in the mesostructure between single-ply and multi-ply braid coupons were addressed through modifications to the subcell discretization. The absorbed matrix model simulated the unique out-of-plane deformations observed experimentally in single-ply tensile tests with acceptable moduli predictions. An investigation of single-shell versus multi-shell coupons for the analysis of multi-ply braids revealed the through-thickness modeling approach was found to have a significant effect on the apparent transverse modulus. Improved moduli predictions in both the axial and transverse directions were obtained by explicitly modeling braided plies with individual layers of shell elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - DISCRETIZATION methods
KW  - TENSILE test (Materials)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - FINITE element method
N1  - Accession Number: 109020050; Cater, Christopher R. 1; Email Address: caterchr@msu.edu Xinran Xiao 2 Goldberg, Robert K. 3 Kohlman, Lee. W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Research Assistant, Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State Univ., Composite Vehicle Research Center, Lansing, MI 28910  2: Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State Univ., Composite Vehicle Research Center, Lansing, MI 28910  3: Research Aerospace Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 28 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: DISCRETIZATION methods; Subject Term: TENSILE test (Materials); Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000445
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109020050&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min Xue
AU  - Zelinski, Shannon
T1  - Safe Picosatellite Release from a Small Satellite Carrier.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1437
EP  - 1443
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In terminal airspace, integrating arrivals and departures with shared waypoints provides the potential of improving operational efficiency by allowing direct routes when possible. Incorporating stochastic evaluation as a postanalysis process of deterministic optimization and imposing a safety buffer in deterministic optimization are two ways to learn and alleviate the impact of uncertainty and to avoid unexpected outcomes. This work presents a third and direct way to take uncertainty into consideration during the optimization. The impact of uncertainty was incorporated into cost evaluations when searching for the optimal solutions. The controller intervention count was computed using a heuristic model and served as another stochastic cost in addition to total delay. Costs under uncertainty were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The Pareto fronts that contained a set of solutions were identified, and the tradeoff between delays and controller intervention count was shown. Solutions that shared similar delays but had different intervention counts were investigated. The results showed that optimization under uncertainty could identify compromise solutions on Pareto fonts, which is better than deterministic optimization with extra safety buffers. It helps decision makers reduce controller intervention while achieving low delays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
KW  - MICROSPACECRAFT
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
N1  - Accession Number: 110501713; Min Xue 1,2 Zelinski, Shannon 3,4; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Research Scientist, University Affiliated Research Center, Mail Stop 210- 8  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Aerospace Engineer, Aerospace High Density Operations Branch, Mail Stop210-10; Source Info: Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1437; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Subject Term: MICROSPACECRAFT; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032957
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110501713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan-gi Pak
AU  - Truong, Samson
T1  - Creating a Test-Validated Finite-Element Model of the X-56A Aircraft Structure.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1644
EP  - 1667
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Small modeling errors in a finite-element model will eventually induce errors in the structural flexibility and mass, thus propagating into unpredictable errors in the unsteady aerodynamics and the control law design. One of the primary objectives of the X-56A Multi-Utility Technology Testbed aircraft is the flight demonstration of active flutter suppression and, therefore, in this study, the identification of the primary and secondary modes for the structural model tuning based on the flutter analysis of the X-56A aircraft. The ground-vibration test-validated structural dynamic finite-element model of the X-56A aircraft is created in this study. The structural dynamic finite-element model of the X-56A aircraft is improved using a model-tuning tool. In this study, two different weight configurations of the X-56A aircraft have been improved in a single optimization run. Frequency and the cross-orthogonality (mode shape) matrix were the primary focus for improvement, whereas other properties such as c.g. location, total weight, and off-diagonal terms of the mass orthogonality matrix were used as constraints. The end result was an improved structural dynamic finite-element model configuration for the X-56A aircraft. Improved frequencies and mode shapes in this study increased average flutter speeds of the X-56A aircraft by 7.6% compared to the baseline model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - ERRORS
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Flights
N1  - Accession Number: 110501730; Chan-gi Pak 1,2 Truong, Samson 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards, California 93523-0273  2: Research Manager, Aerospace Engineer, Aerostructures Branch, P.O. Box 273, Mail Stop 48201 A  3: Aerospace Engineer, Aerostructures Branch, P.O. Box 273, Mail Stop 48201 A; Source Info: Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1644; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: ERRORS; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Flights; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knepp, T.
AU  - Pippin, M.
AU  - Crawford, J.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - Szykman, J.
AU  - Long, R.
AU  - Cowen, L.
AU  - Cede, A.
AU  - Abuhassan, N.
AU  - Herman, J.
AU  - Delgado, R.
AU  - Compton, J.
AU  - Berkoff, T.
AU  - Fishman, J.
AU  - Martins, D.
AU  - Stauffer, R.
AU  - Thompson, A.
AU  - Weinheimer, A.
AU  - Knapp, D.
AU  - Montzka, D.
T1  - Estimating surface NO and SO mixing ratios from fast-response total column observations and potential application to geostationary missions.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 72
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 261
EP  - 286
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - Total-column nitrogen dioxide (NO) data collected by a ground-based sun-tracking spectrometer system (Pandora) and an photolytic-converter-based in-situ instrument collocated at NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia were analyzed to study the relationship between total-column and surface NO measurements. The measurements span more than a year and cover all seasons. Surface mixing ratios are estimated via application of a planetary boundary-layer (PBL) height correction factor. This PBL correction factor effectively corrects for boundary-layer variability throughout the day, and accounts for up to ≈75 % of the variability between the NO data sets. Previous studies have made monthly and seasonal comparisons of column/surface data, which has shown generally good agreement over these long average times. In the current analysis comparisons of column densities averaged over 90 s and 1 h are made. Applicability of this technique to sulfur dioxide (SO) is briefly explored. The SO correlation is improved by excluding conditions where surface levels are considered background. The analysis is extended to data from the July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ mission over the greater Baltimore, MD area to examine the method's performance in more-polluted urban conditions where NO concentrations are typically much higher. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen oxides
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sulfur oxides
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
KW  - BALTIMORE (Md.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - CAPABLE
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - GEO-CAPE
KW  - Nitrogen dioxide
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 111242827; Knepp, T.; Email Address: travis.n.knepp@nasa.gov Pippin, M. 1 Crawford, J. 1 Chen, G. 1 Szykman, J. 2 Long, R. 2 Cowen, L. 1 Cede, A. Abuhassan, N. Herman, J. 3 Delgado, R. 3 Compton, J. 3 Berkoff, T. 3 Fishman, J. 4 Martins, D. 5 Stauffer, R. 5 Thompson, A. 5 Weinheimer, A. 6 Knapp, D. 6 Montzka, D. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA  2: US EPA, Research Triangle Park Durham 27701 USA  3: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Baltimore County, Baltimore 21250 USA  4: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Saint Louis University, St. Louis 63103 USA  5: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802 USA  6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder 80305 USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 72 Issue 3/4, p261; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen oxides; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sulfur oxides; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: BALTIMORE (Md.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: CAPABLE; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEO-CAPE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfur dioxide; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-013-9257-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thompson, Anne
AU  - Stauffer, Ryan
AU  - Miller, Sonya
AU  - Martins, Douglas
AU  - Joseph, Everette
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
T1  - Ozone profiles in the Baltimore-Washington region (2006-2011): satellite comparisons and DISCOVER-AQ observations.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 72
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
EP  - 422
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01677764
AB  - Much progress has been made in creating satellite products for tracking the pollutants ozone and NO in the troposphere. Yet, in mid-latitude regions where meteorological interactions with pollutants are complex, accuracy can be difficult to achieve, largely due to persistent layering of some constituents. We characterize the layering of ozone soundings and related species measured from aircraft over two ground sites in suburban Washington, DC (Beltsville, MD, 39.05 N; 76.9 W) and Baltimore (Edgewood, MD, 39.4 N; 76.3 W) during the July 2011 DISCOVER-AQ (Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) experiment. First, we compare column-ozone amounts from the Beltsville and Edgewood sondes with data from overpassing satellites. Second, processes influencing ozone profile structure are analyzed using Laminar Identification and tracers: sonde water vapor, aircraft CO and NO. Third, Beltsville ozone profiles and meteorological influences in July 2011 are compared to those from the summers of 2006-2010. Sonde-satellite offsets in total ozone during July 2011 at Edgewood and Beltsville, compared to the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), were 3 % mean absolute error, not statistically significant. The disagreement between an OMI/Microwave Limb Sounder-based tropospheric ozone column and the sonde averaged 10 % at both sites, with the sonde usually greater than the satellite. Laminar Identification (LID), that distinguishes ozone segments influenced by convective and advective transport, reveals that on days when both stations launched ozonesondes, vertical mixing was stronger at Edgewood. Approximately half the lower free troposphere sonde profiles have very dry laminae, with coincident aircraft spirals displaying low CO (80-110 ppbv), suggesting stratospheric influence. Ozone budgets at Beltsville in July 2011, determined with LID, as well as standard meteorological indicators, resemble those of 4 of the previous 5 summers. The penetration of stratospheric air throughout the troposphere appears to be typical for summer conditions in the Baltimore-Washington region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - POLLUTANTS
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - OZONESONDES
KW  - WASHINGTON (D.C.)
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Aircraft chemical measurements
KW  - Baltimore pollution
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - Ozonesondes
KW  - Satellite validation
KW  - Stratosphere-troposphere exchange
KW  - Tropospheric ozone
KW  - Washington DC pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 111242821; Thompson, Anne; Email Address: anne.m.thompson@nasa.gov Stauffer, Ryan 1; Email Address: rms5539@psu.edu Miller, Sonya 1; Email Address: Sck117@psu.edu Martins, Douglas 1; Email Address: Dkm18@psu.edu Joseph, Everette 2; Email Address: ejoseph@howard.edu Weinheimer, Andrew 3; Email Address: wein@ucar.edu Diskin, Glenn 4; Email Address: glenn.s.diskin@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, 503 Walker Building University Park 16802-5013 USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, 2355 Sixth Street NW Washington 20059 USA  3: Atmospheric Chemistry Division, NCAR, Boulder 80307 USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 401B Hampton 23681 USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 72 Issue 3/4, p393; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: POLLUTANTS; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: OZONESONDES; Subject Term: WASHINGTON (D.C.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft chemical measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Baltimore pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozonesondes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite validation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere-troposphere exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropospheric ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Washington DC pollution; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10874-014-9283-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111242821&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Crawford, Timothy J.
AU  - Yu, Shanshan
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Boudon, Vincent
AU  - Ismail, Syed
T1  - Self- and air-broadened line shapes in the 2ν3 P and R branches of 12CH4.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 315
M3  - Article
SP  - 114
EP  - 136
SN  - 00222852
AB  - In this paper we report line shape parameters of 12 CH 4 for several hundred 2ν 3 transitions in the spectral regions 5891–5996 cm −1 (P branch) and 6015–6115 cm −1 (R branch). Air- and self-broadening coefficients were measured as a function of temperature; line mixing via off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients was also obtained for 47 transition pairs. In total, nearly 1517 positions and intensities were retrieved, but many transitions were too weak for the line shape study. For this analysis, we used 25 high-resolution (0.0056 and 0.0067 cm −1 ) and high signal-to-noise (S/N) spectra of high-purity 12 CH 4 and the same high-purity 12 CH 4 broadened by dry air recorded at different sample temperatures between 130 K and 295 K with the Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer at JPL. Three different absorption cells were used (1) a White cell set to a path length of 13.09 m for room temperature data, (2) a single-pass 0.2038 m long coolable cell (for self-broadening) and (3) a multipass cell with 20.941 m total path coolable Herriott cell (for air-broadening). In total there were 13 spectra with pure 12 CH 4 (0.27–599 Torr) and 12 air-broadened spectra with total sample pressures of 80–805 Torr and volume mixing ratios (VMR) of methane between 0.18 and 1.0. An interactive multispectrum nonlinear least-squares technique was employed to fit the individual P10–P1 and R0–R10 manifolds in all the spectra simultaneously. Results obtained from the present analysis are compared to other recent measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - Lorentz width
KW  - Methane
KW  - Pressure-shift
KW  - Relaxation matrix elements
KW  - Speed dependence
KW  - Temperature dependence
N1  - Accession Number: 108845714; Devi, V. Malathy 1; Email Address: malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 1 Sung, Keeyoon 2 Crawford, Timothy J. 2 Yu, Shanshan 2 Brown, Linda R. 2 Smith, Mary Ann H. 3 Mantz, Arlan W. 4 Boudon, Vincent 5 Ismail, Syed 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA  5: Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 315, p114; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz width; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relaxation matrix elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2015.05.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108845714&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henderson, Brenda
AU  - Wernet, Mark
T1  - An experimental investigation of overexpanded jets with chevrons.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 351
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 142
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Results are presented for experiments investigating the impact of chevrons on overexpanded and subsonic jet plumes and associated acoustic radiation. Faceted, bi-conic convergent-divergent nozzles with design Mach numbers equal to 1.51 and 1.65 are used in the experiments. A design space of nine chevrons with a range of penetrations, lengths and widths are investigated. Low-penetration chevrons are shown to have limited impact on broadband and shock-associated noise for all jet Mach numbers investigated. High-penetration chevrons produce significant peak-noise reduction (relative to the baseline nozzle) in the peak-jet-noise direction with greater noise reduction for subsonic than for supersonic exhausts. High-penetration chevrons are found to increase broadband-shock-associated noise for the highest Mach number jet investigated. While particle image velocimetry results indicate chevrons introduce axial vorticity at all jet conditions, the associated mixing is limited for supersonic exhausts relative to that for subsonic exhausts due to the strong and periodic radial velocity components associated with the jet-shock-cell structure. The introduction of chevrons modifies the near-nozzle shock-cell structure and the impact of internally (within the nozzle) generated shocks on the shock-cell structure generated in the jet plume. The modifications in the near-nozzle shock-cell structure can lead to increased broadband-shock-associated-noise levels for some operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEVRONS (Badges)
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiation
KW  - MACH number
KW  - PENETRATION mechanics
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
N1  - Accession Number: 102983236; Henderson, Brenda 1; Email Address: brenda.s.henderson@nasa.gov Wernet, Mark 2; Email Address: mark.p.wernet@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 54-3, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 77-1, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 351, p119; Subject Term: CHEVRONS (Badges); Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiation; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: PENETRATION mechanics; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2015.04.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102983236&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
AU  - Kimmel, Roger
AU  - Adamczak, David
AU  - Smith, Mark
T1  - Transition Analysis for the Ascent Phase of HIFiRE-1 Flight Experiment.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1283
EP  - 1293
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The HIFiRE-1 flight experiment provided a valuable database for boundary-layer transition over a 7 deg halfangle, circular cone model from supersonic to hypersonic Mach numbers as well as a range of Rey nolds numbers and angles of incidence. This paper reports the findings from a computational analys.s of the measured m-fiightTrans, turn behavior during the ascent phase. Given a nearly zero angle of attack, computations indicate that the most likely cause for transition during the flight window of 19 to 22.5 s is the amplification of second-mode mstabd.t.es in the am.nar boundary layer, except in the vicinity of the cone meridian, where a roughness element was placed midway along the length of the cone. The growth of first-mode instabilities is found to be weak at all trajectory points analyzed from e ascent phase. Based on the time histories of temperature and/or heat flux at transducer locations within the aft portion of the cone, the onset of transition across the aforementioned window is found to correlate with an average linear Afactor, based on parabolized stability equations, of approximately 13.3. For times less than approximately 18 s in o the flight, the peak amplification ratio for second-mode disturbances is too small to cause transition because of the lower Mach numbers at earlier times. Therefore, the observed transition at these times is attributed to an unknown physica mechanism that is potentially related to the step discontinuities in surface height near the changes in surface materia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - HYPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL aerodynamics
KW  - REYNOLDS equations
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 110501617; Fei Li 1,2 Choudhari, Meelan 1,2 Chau-Lyan Chang 1,3 Kimmel, Roger 4,5 Adamczak, David 4,5 Smith, Mark 6,7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Technologist, Computational AeroSciences Branch, M.S. 128  3: Principal Aerospace Engineer, Aerospace Systems Directorate, 1950 5th Street  4: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433  5: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Aerospace Systems Directorate, 1950 5th Street  6: NASA Armstrong Research Center, Edwards, California 93523  7: Aerospace Engineer, Aerodynamics and Propulsion Branch, M.S. 2228; Source Info: Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1283; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: HYPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL aerodynamics; Subject Term: REYNOLDS equations; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33258
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110501617&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Atkins, Brad M.
AU  - Queen, Eric M.
T1  - Internal Moving Mass Actuator Control for Mars Entry Guidance.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1294
EP  - 1310
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An internal moving mass actuator control system is proposed for angle-of-attack and sideslip-based Mars precision entry guidance. Internal moving mass actuators provide vehicle control moments without direct interaction with the external flowfield. This enables trajectory control without destabilization concerns associated with aerodynamic flap ablation and flowfield interaction for both flap and thruster control systems. Angle-of-attack and sideslip control is proposed as an alternative to bank angle guidance for decoupling range and crossrange control for improved precision entry guidance. A new variant of the Apollo Earth return terminal guidance algorithm is presented and used to provide closed-loop attitude commands. A linear-quadratic controller with integral error action is synthesized and tuned for a Mars Phoenix-sized entry vehicle with two internal moving mass actuators for guidance command tracking. Nonlinear simulation of the controller for the eight-degree-of-freedom system demonstrates precision guidance to the nominal trajectory and final target for offnominal initial entry conditions for the flight-path angle, range, cross range, speed, and attitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AUTOMATIC control
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ERROR functions
KW  - TRAJECTORY optimization
KW  - ELECTRIC controllers
N1  - Accession Number: 110501618; Atkins, Brad M. 1,2; Email Address: atkbr@vt.edu Queen, Eric M. 3,4; Email Address: eric.m.queen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061  2: Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Mail Stop 489; Source Info: Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1294; Subject Term: AUTOMATIC control; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ERROR functions; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY optimization; Subject Term: ELECTRIC controllers; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A32970
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110501618&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perino, Scott V.
AU  - Bayandor, Javid
AU  - Armand, Sasan C.
AU  - Samareh, Jamshid A.
T1  - Structural Concept Study for Planetary Probes and Sample Return Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1320
EP  - 1330
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A parametric structural investigation of a new atmospheric entry vehicle concept for future planetary probes and sample return vehicles was conducted. During launch and reentry, the vehicle may experience large structural loads. To enable rapid assessment of candidate vehicle configurations for different missions, a parametric structural dynamics analysis methodology was developed. The methodology generates finite-element models and enables rapid modification to all aspects of the models, including geometry, material properties, load and boundary conditions, mesh parameters, and analysis controls. Analyses including quasi-static inertial loading, vibration frequency response, acoustic loading, and reentry loading were conducted for the structural concept study. Several geometry, mass, and material parameters were varied from -5 0 to +50% of their baseline value and analyzed. A total of 136 analyses were conducted on 34 unique vehicle configurations. Of the parameters investigated, cone angle and vehicle diameter were found to be the most influential on the vehicle's mass and structural response. The highest stress observed was for an inertial launch analysis conducted on a -50% cone angle model, which had 2.7x the baseline stress and only 1.4x the baseline mass. This analysis methodology is shown to facilitate and expedite future planetary exploration mission analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUASISTATIC processes
KW  - POLYTROPIC processes
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - FREQUENCY response (Dynamics)
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
N1  - Accession Number: 110501620; Perino, Scott V. 1,2 Bayandor, Javid 1,3 Armand, Sasan C. 4,5 Samareh, Jamshid A. 4,6; Affiliation:  1: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0238  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Crashworthiness for Aerospace Structures and Hybrids (CRASH) Lab  3: Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Crashworthiness for Aerospace Structures and Hybrids (CRASH) Lab  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Structural and Thermal Systems Branch, MS 431  6: Senior Aerospace Engineer, Vehicle Analysis Branch, MS 451; Source Info: Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1320; Subject Term: QUASISTATIC processes; Subject Term: POLYTROPIC processes; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: FREQUENCY response (Dynamics); Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33050
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110501620&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chou, Amanda
AU  - Schneider, Steven P.
T1  - Measurements of Resonance in a Forward-Facing Cavity at Mach Six.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/09//Sep/Oct2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1486
EP  - 1494
SN  - 00224650
AB  - An experimental study of the resonance of a cylindrical forward-facing cavity was conducted in a Mach 6 quiet-flow wind tunnel. The diameter of this cavity was fixed and the depth was varied in order to find the critical depth at which the cavity resonance became self-sustained. At Mach 6, this critical depth was 1.2 diameters deep, regardless of the freestream noise levels. For cavities deeper than 1.2 diameters, measurements of root-mean-square pressure fluctuations were orders of magnitude larger than those in shallower cavities. In quiet flow, this increase was about 2.5 orders of magnitude. In noisy flow, this increase was only about one order of magnitude. However, the magnitude of the pressure fluctuations within deep cavities was about the same in quiet flow as it was in noisy flow. The damping characteristics of a shallow cavity (depth less than 1.2 diameters) were also studied by observing the cavity response to a freestream laser-generated perturbation. The perturbation convects with the flow and interacts with the model's flowfield, causing pressure fluctuations in the forward-facing cavity. These pressure fluctuations damp exponentially in shallow cavities. The damping characteristics of such cavities appear to be related to the nondimensional cavity depth, regardless of stagnation pressure, stagnation temperature, and Mach number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - RESONATORS
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - FORCED vibration (Mechanics)
KW  - MAGNITUDE estimation
N1  - Accession Number: 110501635; Chou, Amanda 1,2 Schneider, Steven P. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Aerospace Engineer, Flow Physics and Control Branch  3: Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907  4: Professor, School of Aeronautics and Astronautics; Source Info: Sep/Oct2015, Vol. 52 Issue 5, p1486; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: RESONATORS; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: FORCED vibration (Mechanics); Subject Term: MAGNITUDE estimation; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33286
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hathaway, David H.
T1  - The Solar Cycle.
JO  - Living Reviews in Solar Physics
JF  - Living Reviews in Solar Physics
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 12
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 87
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 16144961
AB  - The solar cycle is reviewed. The 11-year cycle of solar activity is characterized by the rise and fall in the numbers and surface area of sunspots. A number of other solar activity indicators also vary in association with the sunspots including; the 10.7 cm radio flux, the total solar irradiance, the magnetic field, flares and coronal mass ejections, geomagnetic activity, galactic cosmic ray fluxes, and radioisotopes in tree rings and ice cores. Individual solar cycles are characterized by their maxima and minima, cycle periods and amplitudes, cycle shape, the equatorward drift of the active latitudes, hemispheric asymmetries, and active longitudes. Cycle-to-cycle variability includes the Maunder Minimum, the Gleissberg Cycle, and the Gnevyshev-Ohl (even-odd) Rule. Short-term variability includes the 154-day periodicity, quasi-biennial variations, and double-peaked maxima. We conclude with an examination of prediction techniques for the solar cycle and a closer look at cycles 23 and 24. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Living Reviews in Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - SUNSPOTS
KW  - STARSPOTS
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - Solar activity
KW  - Solar cycle
KW  - Solar cycle prediction
KW  - Sunspots
N1  - Accession Number: 110105646; Hathaway, David H. 1; Email Address: david.hathaway@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mofett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 12 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: SUNSPOTS; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar cycle prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sunspots; Number of Pages: 87p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/lrsp-2015-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DEVARAJU, N.
AU  - BALA, G.
AU  - NEMANI, R.
T1  - Modelling the influence of land-use changes on biophysical and biochemical interactions at regional and global scales.
JO  - Plant, Cell & Environment
JF  - Plant, Cell & Environment
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 38
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1931
EP  - 1946
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 01407791
AB  - Land-use changes since the start of the industrial era account for nearly one-third of the cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In addition to the greenhouse effect of CO2 emissions, changes in land use also affect climate via changes in surface physical properties such as albedo, evapotranspiration and roughness length. Recent modelling studies suggest that these biophysical components may be comparable with biochemical effects. In regard to climate change, the effects of these two distinct processes may counterbalance one another both regionally and, possibly, globally. In this article, through hypothetical large-scale deforestation simulations using a global climate model, we contrast the implications of afforestation on ameliorating or enhancing anthropogenic contributions from previously converted (agricultural) land surfaces. Based on our review of past studies on this subject, we conclude that the sum of both biophysical and biochemical effects should be assessed when large-scale afforestation is used for countering global warming, and the net effect on global mean temperature change depends on the location of deforestation/afforestation. Further, although biochemical effects trigger global climate change, biophysical effects often cause strong local and regional climate change. The implication of the biophysical effects for adaptation and mitigation of climate change in agriculture and agroforestry sectors is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Plant, Cell & Environment is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAND use
KW  - ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - DEFORESTATION
KW  - BIOPHYSICS
KW  - GLOBAL warming -- Environmental aspects
KW  - atmospheric circulation
KW  - biochemical and biophysical processes
KW  - climate change
N1  - Accession Number: 108742332; DEVARAJU, N. 1 BALA, G. 1 NEMANI, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Divecha Centre for Climate Change and Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science  2: Ecological Forecasting Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 38 Issue 9, p1931; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: DEFORESTATION; Subject Term: BIOPHYSICS; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming -- Environmental aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric circulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: biochemical and biophysical processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/pce.12488
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - JOVANOVIC, N.
AU  - MARTINACHE, F.
AU  - GUYON, O.
AU  - CLERGEON, C.
AU  - SINGH, G.
AU  - KUDO, T.
AU  - GARREL, V.
AU  - NEWMAN, K.
AU  - DOUGHTY, D.
AU  - LOZI, J.
AU  - MALES, J.
AU  - MINOWA, Y.
AU  - HAYANO, Y.
AU  - TAKATO, N.
AU  - MORINO, J.
AU  - KUHN, J.
AU  - SERABYN, E.
AU  - NORRIS, B.
AU  - TUTHILL, P.
AU  - SCHWORER, G.
T1  - The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics System: Enabling High-Contrast Imaging on Solar-System Scales.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 127
IS  - 955
M3  - Article
SP  - 890
EP  - 910
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The Subaru Coronagraphic Extreme Adaptive Optics (SCExAO) instrument is a multipurpose high-contrast imaging platform designed for the discovery and detailed characterization of exoplanetary systems and serves as a testbed for high-contrast imaging technologies for ELTs. It is a multiband instrument which makes use of light from 600 to 2500 nm, allowing for coronagraphic direct exoplanet imaging of the inner 3λ/D from the stellar host. Wavefront sensing and control are key to the operation of SCExAO. A partial correction of low-order modes is provided by Subaru's facility adaptive optics system with the final correction, including high-order modes, implemented downstream by a combination of a visible pyramid wavefront sensor and a 2000-element deformable mirror. The well-corrected NIR (y-K bands) wavefronts can then be injected into any of the available coronagraphs, including but not limited to the phase-induced amplitude apodization and the vector vortex coronagraphs, both of which offer an inner working angle as low as 1λ/D. Noncommon path, low-order aberrations are sensed with a coronagraphic low-order wavefront sensor in the infrared (IR). Low noise, high frame rate NIR detectors allow for active speckle nulling and coherent differential imaging, while the HAWAII 2RG detector in the HiCIAO imager and/or the CHARIS integral field spectrograph (from mid-2016) can take deeper exposures and/or perform angular, spectral, and polarimetric differential imaging. Science in the visible is provided by two interferometric modules: VAMPIRES and FIRST, which enable subdiffraction limited imaging in the visible region with polarimetric and spectroscopic capabilities respectively. We describe the instrument in detail and present preliminary results both onsky and in the laboratory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ADAPTIVE optics
KW  - IMAGE stabilization
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - WAVEFRONTS (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 110194956; JOVANOVIC, N. 1,2; Email Address: jovanovic.nem@gmail.com MARTINACHE, F. 3 GUYON, O. 1,4,5 CLERGEON, C. 1 SINGH, G. 1,6 KUDO, T. 1 GARREL, V. 7 NEWMAN, K. 5,8 DOUGHTY, D. 1,5 LOZI, J. 1 MALES, J. 4,9 MINOWA, Y. 1 HAYANO, Y. 1 TAKATO, N. 1 MORINO, J. 10 KUHN, J. 11 SERABYN, E. 11 NORRIS, B. 12 TUTHILL, P. 12 SCHWORER, G. 6,12; Affiliation:  1: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Subaru Telescope, 650 North A'Ohoku Place, Hilo, HI, 96720  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney NSW 2109, Australia  3: Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur, Boulevard de l'Observatoire, Nice 06304, France  4: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  5: College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  6: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, 5 Place Jules Janssen, Meudon 92195, France  7: Gemini Observatory, c/o AURA, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  9: NASA Sagan Fellow  10: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Japan  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109  12: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), Institute for Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 127 Issue 955, p890; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE optics; Subject Term: IMAGE stabilization; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: WAVEFRONTS (Optics); Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bartkus, Tadas P.
AU  - Struk, Peter
AU  - Tsao, Jen-Ching
T1  - Development of a Coupled Air and Particle Thermal Model for Engine Icing Test Facilities.
JO  - SAE International Journal of Aerospace
JF  - SAE International Journal of Aerospace
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 15
EP  - 32
SN  - 19463855
AB  - This paper describes a numerical model that simulates the thermal interaction between ice particles, water droplets, and the flowing air applicable during icing wind tunnel tests where there is significant phase-change of the cloud. It has been previously observed that test conditions, most notably temperature and humidity, change when the icing cloud is activated. It is hypothesized that the ice particles and water droplets thermally interact with the flowing air causing the air temperature and humidity to change by the time it reaches the test section. Unlike previous models where the air and particles are uncoupled, this model attempts to explain the observed changes in test conditions by coupling the conservation of mass and energy equations. The model is compared to measurements taken during wind tunnel tests simulating ice-crystal and mixed-phase icing that relate to ice accretions within turbofan engines. The model simulates trends that were experimentally observed, but does not fully explain the measured values. Some possible explanations for this discrepancy are offered. This model, written in MATLAB, is based on fundamental conservation laws and empirical correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SAE International Journal of Aerospace is the property of SAE International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DROPS -- Mathematical models
KW  - ICE -- Spectra
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - AIR freight
N1  - Accession Number: 117561960; Bartkus, Tadas P. 1; Email Address: tadas.p.bartkus@nasa.gov Struk, Peter 2 Tsao, Jen-Ching 1; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute  2: NASA John Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p15; Subject Term: DROPS -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: ICE -- Spectra; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: AIR freight; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481212 Nonscheduled Chartered Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481110 Scheduled air transportation; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4271/2015-01-2155
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Oliver, Michael
T1  - Ice Crystal Icing Engine Testing in the NASA Glenn Research Center's Propulsion Systems Laboratory: Altitude Investigation.
JO  - SAE International Journal of Aerospace
JF  - SAE International Journal of Aerospace
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 8
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 37
SN  - 19463855
AB  - The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted a full scale ice crystal icing turbofan engine test using an obsolete Allied Signal ALF502-R5 engine in the Propulsion Systems Laboratory (PSL) at NASA Glenn Research Center. The test article used was the exact engine that experienced a loss of power event after the ingestion of ice crystals while operating at high altitude during a 1997 Honeywell flight test campaign investigating the turbofan engine ice crystal icing phenomena. The test plan included test points conducted at the known flight test campaign field event pressure altitude and at various pressure altitudes ranging from low to high throughout the engine operating envelope. The test article experienced a loss of power event at each of the altitudes tested. For each pressure altitude test point conducted the ambient static temperature was predicted using a NASA engine icing risk computer model for the given ambient static pressure while maintaining the engine speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SAE International Journal of Aerospace is the property of SAE International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines -- Testing
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors -- Testing
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 117561961; Oliver, Michael 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 8 Issue 1, p33; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines -- Testing; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors -- Testing; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4271/2015-01-2156
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brampton, Christopher
AU  - Wu, K.
AU  - Kim, H.
T1  - New optimization method for steered fiber composites using the level set method.
JO  - Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization
JF  - Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 52
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 505
SN  - 1615147X
AB  - Advanced fiber placement (AFP) composite manufacturing technology offers a means to tailor composite fibers for complex loading environments and significantly improve the overall structural efficiency. This paper introduces a new method to optimize the continuously varying fiber paths for AFP using a level set method. The paths of the fibers are defined by constant level set function values, describing a series of continuous equally spaced fiber paths. The sensitivity of the structural compliance to a change in level set function definition of the fiber path is derived. The sensitivities are used to optimize the level set defined fiber paths to minimize structural compliance, while maintaining the continuous fiber paths and producing a solution that can be manufactured using AFP. The optimization method is demonstrated in three numerical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Structural & Multidisciplinary Optimization is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Research
KW  - LEVEL set methods
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
KW  - MACHINE-tools -- Numerical control
KW  - Compliance minimization
KW  - Fiber-matrix composite
KW  - Fibre path optimization
KW  - Level set method
N1  - Accession Number: 109541426; Brampton, Christopher 1; Email Address: cjb31@bath.ac.uk Wu, K. 2 Kim, H. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY UK  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 52 Issue 3, p493; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Research; Subject Term: LEVEL set methods; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; Subject Term: MACHINE-tools -- Numerical control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compliance minimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber-matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fibre path optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Level set method; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00158-015-1256-6
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Juarez, Peter D.
AU  - Leckey, Cara A.C.
T1  - Multi-frequency local wavenumber analysis and ply correlation of delamination damage.
JO  - Ultrasonics
JF  - Ultrasonics
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 62
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 65
SN  - 0041624X
AB  - Wavenumber domain analysis through use of scanning laser Doppler vibrometry has been shown to be effective for non-contact inspection of damage in composites. Qualitative and semi-quantitative local wavenumber analysis of realistic delamination damage and quantitative analysis of idealized damage scenarios (Teflon inserts) have been performed previously in the literature. This paper presents a new methodology based on multi-frequency local wavenumber analysis for quantitative assessment of multi-ply delamination damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite specimens. The methodology is presented and applied to a real world damage scenario (impact damage in an aerospace CFRP composite). The methodology yields delamination size and also correlates local wavenumber results from multiple excitation frequencies to theoretical dispersion curves in order to robustly determine the delamination ply depth. Results from the wavenumber based technique are validated against a traditional nondestructive evaluation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ultrasonics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - WAVENUMBER
KW  - LASER Doppler velocimetry
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - Composite
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Guided waves
KW  - Laser vibrometer
KW  - Wavenumber
N1  - Accession Number: 108318886; Juarez, Peter D. 1 Leckey, Cara A.C. 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 62, p56; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: WAVENUMBER; Subject Term: LASER Doppler velocimetry; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guided waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser vibrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wavenumber; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.05.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Lingyu
AU  - Tian, Zhenhua
AU  - Leckey, Cara A.C.
T1  - Crack imaging and quantification in aluminum plates with guided wave wavenumber analysis methods.
JO  - Ultrasonics
JF  - Ultrasonics
Y1  - 2015/09//
VL  - 62
M3  - Article
SP  - 203
EP  - 212
SN  - 0041624X
AB  - Guided wavefield analysis methods for detection and quantification of crack damage in an aluminum plate are presented in this paper. New wavenumber components created by abrupt wave changes at the structural discontinuity are identified in the frequency–wavenumber spectra. It is shown that the new wavenumbers can be used to detect and characterize the crack dimensions. Two imaging based approaches, filter reconstructed imaging and spatial wavenumber imaging, are used to demonstrate how the cracks can be evaluated with wavenumber analysis. The filter reconstructed imaging is shown to be a rapid method to map the plate and any existing damage, but with less precision in estimating crack dimensions; while the spatial wavenumber imaging provides an intensity image of spatial wavenumber values with enhanced resolution of crack dimensions. These techniques are applied to simulated wavefield data, and the simulation based studies show that spatial wavenumber imaging method is able to distinguish cracks of different severities. Laboratory experimental validation is performed for a single crack case to confirm the methods’ capabilities for imaging cracks in plates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ultrasonics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - ALUMINUM plates
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - WAVENUMBER
KW  - IMAGE reconstruction
KW  - Aluminum plate
KW  - Crack detection
KW  - Guided wave imaging
KW  - Guided waves
KW  - Wavenumber analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 108318882; Yu, Lingyu 1 Tian, Zhenhua 1; Email Address: tianz@email.sc.edu Leckey, Cara A.C. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of South Carolina, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia, SC, United States  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 62, p203; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: ALUMINUM plates; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: WAVENUMBER; Subject Term: IMAGE reconstruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum plate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guided wave imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guided waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wavenumber analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331315 Aluminum Sheet, Plate, and Foil Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ultras.2015.05.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jessie L. Christiansen
AU  - Bruce D. Clarke
AU  - Christopher J. Burke
AU  - Shawn Seader
AU  - Jon M. Jenkins
AU  - Joseph D. Twicken
AU  - Joseph D. Catanzarite
AU  - Jeffrey C. Smith
AU  - Natalie M. Batalha
AU  - Michael R. Haas
AU  - Susan E. Thompson
AU  - Jennifer R. Campbell
AU  - Anima Sabale
AU  - AKM Kamal Uddin
T1  - MEASURING TRANSIT SIGNAL RECOVERY IN THE KEPLER PIPELINE. II. DETECTION EFFICIENCY AS CALCULATED IN ONE YEAR OF DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/09/10/
VL  - 810
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Kepler planet sample can only be used to reconstruct the underlying planet occurrence rate if the detection efficiency of the Kepler pipeline is known; here we present the results of a second experiment aimed at characterizing this detection efficiency. We inject simulated transiting planet signals into the pixel data of ∼10,000 targets, spanning one year of observations, and process the pixels as normal. We compare the set of detections made by the pipeline with the expectation from the set of simulated planets, and construct a sensitivity curve of signal recovery as a function of the signal-to-noise of the simulated transit signal train. The sensitivity curve does not meet the hypothetical maximum detection efficiency; however, it is not as pessimistic as some of the published estimates of the detection efficiency. For the FGK stars in our sample, the sensitivity curve is well fit by a gamma function with the coefficients a = 4.35 and b = 1.05. We also find that the pipeline algorithms recover the depths and periods of the injected signals with very high fidelity, especially for periods longer than 10 days. We perform a simplified occurrence rate calculation using the measured detection efficiency compared to previous assumptions of the detection efficiency found in the literature to demonstrate the systematic error introduced into the resulting occurrence rates. The discrepancies in the calculated occurrence rates may go some way toward reconciling some of the inconsistencies found in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - GAMMA functions
KW  - EXPERIMENTS
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 109438920; Jessie L. Christiansen 1; Email Address: jessie.christiansen@caltech.edu Bruce D. Clarke 2 Christopher J. Burke 2 Shawn Seader 2 Jon M. Jenkins 3 Joseph D. Twicken 2 Joseph D. Catanzarite 2 Jeffrey C. Smith 2 Natalie M. Batalha 3 Michael R. Haas 3 Susan E. Thompson 2 Jennifer R. Campbell 4 Anima Sabale 4 AKM Kamal Uddin 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, M/S 100-22, 770 S. Wilson Avenue Pasadena, CA 91106, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Wyle Laboratories/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/10/2015, Vol. 810 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: GAMMA functions; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTS; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/95
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - L. Riguccini
AU  - P. Temi
AU  - A. Amblard
AU  - M. Fanelli
AU  - F. Brighenti
T1  - MID-IR ENHANCED GALAXIES IN THE COMA & VIRGO CLUSTERS: LENTICULARS WITH A HIGH STAR FORMATION RATE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/09/10/
VL  - 810
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We explore the properties of early-type galaxies (ETGs), including ellipticals (E) and lenticulars (S0), in rich environments, such as clusters of galaxies (Virgo and Coma). The L24/LK distribution of ETGs in both Virgo and Coma clusters shows that some S0s have a much larger L24/LK ratio (0.5 to ∼2 dex) than the bulk of the ETG population. This could be interpreted as an enhanced star formation rate in these lenticulars. We compare the optical colors of galaxies in these two clusters and investigate the nature of these sources with a large L24/LK ratio by looking at their spatial distribution within the cluster, analyzing their optical spectra, and looking at their optical colors compared to late-types. We obtain 10 Coma and 3 Virgo early-type sources with larger L24/LK ratios than the bulk of their population. We call these sources mid-infrared enhanced galaxies (MIEGs). In Coma, they are mostly located in the southwest part of the cluster where a substructure is falling onto the main cluster. MIEGs present a lower color than the rest of the ETG sample because of a blue continuum. We interpret the excess L24/LK ratio as evidence for enhanced star formation induced as a consequence of their infall into the main cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - OPTICAL spectra
KW  - COMA Cluster
KW  - VIRGO Cluster
N1  - Accession Number: 109438929; L. Riguccini 1,2,3; Email Address: riguccini@astro.ufrj.br P. Temi 3 A. Amblard 2,3 M. Fanelli 2,3 F. Brighenti 4; Affiliation:  1: Observatório do Valongo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ladeira do Pedro Antônio 43, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20080-090, Brazil  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: BAER Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA  4: Astronomy Department, University of Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy; Source Info: 9/10/2015, Vol. 810 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectra; Subject Term: COMA Cluster; Subject Term: VIRGO Cluster; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/138
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Randall Smith
AU  - Jia-Ming Li
AU  - Alfred Müller
AU  - Farid Salama
T1  - Special issue on atomic & molecular data for astrophysicists.
JO  - Journal of Physics: B Atomic Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Journal of Physics: B Atomic Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2015/09/14/
VL  - 48
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09534075
AB  - The article calls for papers for a special issue on atomic and molecular data for astrophysicists.
KW  - ASTROPHYSICISTS
KW  - MOLECULARITY
N1  - Accession Number: 108504332; Randall Smith 1 Jia-Ming Li 2 Alfred Müller 3 Farid Salama 4; Affiliation:  1: Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA  2: Shanghai Jiaotong University, People’s Republic of China  3: Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Germany  4: NASA-Ames Research Center Space Science & Astrobiology Division, USA; Source Info: 9/14/2015, Vol. 48 Issue 17, p1; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICISTS; Subject Term: MOLECULARITY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0953-4075/48/17/170201
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Afshar-Mohajer, Nima
AU  - Wu, Chang-Yu
AU  - Curtis, Jennifer Sinclair
AU  - Gaier, James R.
T1  - Review of dust transport and mitigation technologies in lunar and Martian atmospheres.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 56
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1222
EP  - 1241
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Dust resuspension and deposition is a ubiquitous phenomenon in all lunar and Martian missions. The near-term plans to return to the Moon as a stepping stone to further exploration of Mars and beyond bring scientists’ attention to development and evaluation of lunar and Martian dust mitigation technologies. In this paper, different lunar and Martian dust transport mechanisms are presented, followed by a review of previously developed dust mitigation technologies including fluidal, mechanical, electrical and passive self-cleaning methods for lunar/Martian installed surfaces along with filtration for dust control inside cabins. Key factors in choosing the most effective dust mitigation technology are recognized to be the dust transport mechanism, energy consumption, environment, type of surface materials, area of the surface and surface functionality. While electrical methods operating at higher voltages are identified to be suitable for small but light sensitive surfaces, pre-treatment of the surface is effective for cleaning thermal control surfaces, and mechanical methods are appropriate for surfaces with no concerns of light blockage, surface abrasion and 100% cleaning efficiency. Findings from this paper can help choose proper surface protection/cleaning for future space explorations. Hybrid techniques combining the advantages of different methods are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - DUST
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
KW  - SPACE research
KW  - MOON
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Electrical
KW  - Mechanical
KW  - Self-cleaning
KW  - Solar panel
KW  - Surface treatment
N1  - Accession Number: 108679086; Afshar-Mohajer, Nima 1; Email Address: nima.a-mohajer@jhu.edu Wu, Chang-Yu 1 Curtis, Jennifer Sinclair 2 Gaier, James R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 56 Issue 6, p1222; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems; Subject Term: SPACE research; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical; Author-Supplied Keyword: Self-cleaning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar panel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface treatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2015.06.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Hamilton, Christopher W.
AU  - Burr, Devon M.
AU  - Gulick, Virginia C.
AU  - Komatsu, Goro
AU  - Luo, Wei
AU  - Jr.Rice, James W.
AU  - Rodriguez, J.A.P.
T1  - Fluvial geomorphology on Earth-like planetary surfaces: A review.
JO  - Geomorphology
JF  - Geomorphology
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 245
M3  - Article
SP  - 149
EP  - 182
SN  - 0169555X
AB  - Morphological evidence for ancient channelized flows (fluvial and fluvial-like landforms) exists on the surfaces of all of the inner planets and on some of the satellites of the Solar System. In some cases, the relevant fluid flows are related to a planetary evolution that involves the global cycling of a volatile component (water for Earth and Mars; methane for Saturn's moon Titan). In other cases, as on Mercury, Venus, Earth's moon, and Jupiter's moon Io, the flows were of highly fluid lava. The discovery, in 1972, of what are now known to be fluvial channels and valleys on Mars sparked a major controversy over the role of water in shaping the surface of that planet. The recognition of the fluvial character of these features has opened unresolved fundamental questions about the geological history of water on Mars, including the presence of an ancient ocean and the operation of a hydrological cycle during the earliest phases of planetary history. Other fundamental questions posed by fluvial and fluvial-like features on planetary bodies include the possible erosive action of large-scale outpourings of very fluid lavas, such as those that may have produced the remarkable canali forms on Venus; the ability of exotic fluids, such as methane, to create fluvial-like landforms, as observed on Saturn's moon, Titan; and the nature of sedimentation and erosion under different conditions of planetary surface gravity. Planetary fluvial geomorphology also illustrates fundamental epistemological and methodological issues, including the role of analogy in geomorphological/geological inquiry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geomorphology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUVIAL geomorphology
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - Fluvial channels
KW  - Mars
KW  - Planetary geomorphology
KW  - Titan
KW  - Venus
KW  - Volcanic channels
N1  - Accession Number: 108808430; Baker, Victor R. 1,2; Email Address: baker@email.arizona.edu Hamilton, Christopher W. 2 Burr, Devon M. 3 Gulick, Virginia C. 4,5 Komatsu, Goro 6 Luo, Wei 7 Jr.Rice, James W. 8 Rodriguez, J.A.P. 5,8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Earth and Planetary Sciences Department, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996-1410, USA  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Università d'Annunzio, Viale Pindaro 42, 65127 Pescara, Italy  7: Department of Geography, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA  8: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 245, p149; Subject Term: FLUVIAL geomorphology; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluvial channels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary geomorphology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanic channels; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.05.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roush, Ted L.
AU  - Bishop, Janice L.
AU  - Brown, Adrian J.
AU  - Blake, David F.
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
T1  - Laboratory reflectance spectra of clay minerals mixed with Mars analog materials: Toward enabling quantitative clay abundances from Mars spectra.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 258
M3  - Article
SP  - 454
EP  - 466
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Quantitative estimates of clay minerals on the martian surface, via remote sensing observations, provide constraints on activity, timing, duration, and extent of aqueous processes and the geochemical environment in martian history. We describe an analytical study to begin enabling quantitative estimates of phyllosilicates when mixed with martian analog materials. We characterize the chemistry, mineralogy, particle size distribution, and reflectance spectra of the end-member materials: saponite, montmorillonite, pyroxene, and palagonitic soil. Reflectance spectra were obtained for physical mixtures of saponite and montmorillonite with pyroxene, and saponite with palagonitic soil. We analyzed the diagnostic phyllosilicate spectral signatures in the 2.2–2.4 μm wavelength region in detail for the mixtures. This involved fitting the observed ∼2.3 or ∼2.2 μm band depth, associated with the presence of saponite and montmorillonite, respectively, as a function of the abundance of these materials in the mixtures. Based upon the band depth of the spectral features we find that 3–5 wt.% of the clay minerals in the mixture with pyroxene can be recognized and at 25 wt.% their presence is indisputable in the mixtures. When the saponite is mixed with the lower albedo palagonitic soil, its presence is clearly distinguishable via the 1.4 and 2.3 μm features at 25 wt.% abundance. These relationships, between abundance and band depth, provide an ability to quantitatively address the amount of these materials in mixtures. The trends described here provide guidance for estimating the presence of phyllosilicates in matrices on the martian surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - CLAY minerals
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - COSMIC abundances
KW  - MONTMORILLONITE
KW  - SPECTRA
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, surface
KW  - Mineralogy
N1  - Accession Number: 108551569; Roush, Ted L. 1; Email Address: Ted.L.Roush@nasa.gov Bishop, Janice L. 1,2 Brown, Adrian J. 1,2 Blake, David F. 1 Bristow, Thomas F. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, United States  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, 94043, United States; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 258, p454; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: CLAY minerals; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: COSMIC abundances; Subject Term: MONTMORILLONITE; Subject Term: SPECTRA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212325 Clay and Ceramic and Refractory Minerals Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212326 Shale, clay and refractory mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.06.035
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Bigelow, G.S.
AU  - IIPadula, S.A.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.J.
AU  - Vaidyanathan, R.
AU  - Clausen, B.
AU  - Vogel, S.C.
T1  - Thermomechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of a Ni(Pd)-rich Ni24.3Ti49.7Pd26 high temperature shape memory alloy.
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 643
M3  - Article
SP  - 275
EP  - 289
SN  - 09258388
AB  - The effect of thermomechanical cycling on a slightly Ni(Pd)-rich Ni 24.3 Ti 49.7 Pd 26 (near stochiometric Ni–Ti basis with Pd replacing Ni) high temperature shape memory alloy was investigated. Aged tensile specimens (400 °C/24 h/furnace cooled) were subjected to constant-stress thermal cycling in conjunction with microstructural assessment via in situ neutron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), before and after testing. It was shown that in spite of the slightly Ni(Pd)-rich composition and heat treatment used to precipitation harden the alloy, the material exhibited dimensional instabilities with residual strain accumulation reaching 1.5% over 10 thermomechanical cycles. This was attributed to insufficient strengthening of the material (insufficient volume fraction of precipitate phase) to prevent plasticity from occurring concomitant with the martensitic transformation. In situ neutron diffraction revealed the presence of retained martensite while cycling under 300 MPa stress, which was also confirmed by transmission electron microscopy of post-cycled samples. Neutron diffraction analysis of the post-thermally-cycled samples under no-load revealed residual lattice strains in the martensite and austenite phases, remnant texture in the martensite phase, and peak broadening of the austenite phase. Texture developed in the martensite phase was composed mainly of those martensitic tensile variants observed during thermomechanical cycling. Presence of a high density of dislocations, deformation twins, and retained martensite was revealed in the austenite state via in-situ TEM in the post-cycled material, providing an explanation for the observed peak broadening in the neutron diffraction spectra. Despite the dimensional instabilities, this alloy exhibited a biased transformation strain on the order of 3% and a two-way shape memory effect (TWSME) strain of ∼2%, at relatively high actuation temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - METALS -- Thermal properties
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - EFFECT of high temperatures on metals
KW  - Actuation
KW  - High temperature shape memory alloy
KW  - Neutron diffraction
KW  - NiTiPd
KW  - Two-way shape memory effect
N1  - Accession Number: 102852173; Benafan, O. 1; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Garg, A. 1,2 Noebe, R.D. 1 Bigelow, G.S. 1 IIPadula, S.A. 1 Gaydosh, D.J. 1,3 Vaidyanathan, R. 4 Clausen, B. 5 Vogel, S.C. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Structures and Materials Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  4: Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA  5: Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 643, p275; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermal properties; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Actuation; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiPd; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-way shape memory effect; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.04.081
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Sinyakova, T.
AU  - Buldyreva, J.
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Temperature dependences of N2-broadening and shift coefficients in the ν6 perpendicular band of 12CH3D.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 163
M3  - Article
SP  - 120
EP  - 141
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The temperature-dependences of line broadening and shift parameters for many 12 CH 3 D transitions have been determined using six high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, room-temperature CH 3 D (98% purity) and CH 3 D-N 2 spectra recorded with 25 cm path length ( at 0.01 cm −1 unapodized resolution) using the McMath−Pierce FTS located on Kitt Peak, Arizona, and 17 additional high quality, pure CH 3 D (99% purity) and CH 3 D-N 2 spectra recorded between 79 and 296 K with the 20.38 cm path coolable cell (at 0.0056 cm −1 unapodized resolution) with the Bruker 125HR FTS at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, California. The spectra have been fitted simultaneously applying a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares technique. In the analysis, the Lorentzian N 2 -broadened half-width coefficients and the corresponding pressure-shift coefficients as well as their temperature dependences are extracted for about 400 transitions (0≤ J ″≤19, K ″≤16) in the perpendicular (Δ K =±1) ν 6 band. At 296 K, the measured N 2 -broadened half-width coefficients range from 0.0209 to 0.0782 cm −1 atm −1 whereas the majority of the associated N 2 -induced shift coefficients are negative, and the values are between -0.016 and 0.005 cm −1 atm −1 . The temperature dependence exponents for N 2 -broadened half-widths range between 0.264 and 0.924, whereas the temperature dependence coefficients for N 2 -induced shifts are between 0 and 0.00011 cm −1 atm −1 K −1 . The N 2 -broadened half-width coefficients have been also calculated using a semi-classical approach based on a rigorous treatment of the active molecule as a symmetric top, a model intermolecular potential comprising both short- and long-range interactions, and exact classical trajectories. The role of the various high-order multipoles in the line-broadening at low, middle and high values of the rotational quantum number J ″ has been investigated and the main features of the K -dependences analyzed. The calculations performed for 296, 240 and 190 K have allowed to deduce the half-width temperature-dependence exponents, completing the general comparison of our new experimental results with those which are available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ISOTHERMAL processes
KW  - TEMPERATURE control
KW  - PROPERTIES of nuclear particles
KW  - QUANTUM numbers
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics)
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Monodeuterated methane
KW  - Nitrogen-broadening
KW  - Spectral line shapes
KW  - Temperature dependences of widths and shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 103655829; Predoi-Cross, A. 1; Email Address: adriana.predoicross@uleth.ca Devi, V. Malathy 2 Sung, K. 3 Sinyakova, T. 4 Buldyreva, J. 4 Benner, D. Chris 2 Smith, M.A.H. 5 Mantz, A.W. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 6R4  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Institute UTINAM UMR CNRS 6213, University of Franche-Comte, 25030 Besancon, France  5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 163, p120; Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL processes; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE control; Subject Term: PROPERTIES of nuclear particles; Subject Term: QUANTUM numbers; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monodeuterated methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen-broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral line shapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependences of widths and shifts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.05.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103655829&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiesner, Valerie L.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Mechanical and thermal properties of calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass.
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 35
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 2907
EP  - 2914
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Thermal stability of a synthetic sand composition, which was developed as a simulant for calcium–magnesium aluminosilicate (CMAS) turbine deposits, was characterized using thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). The sand was melted into CMAS glass, which had a composition of 23.3CaO–6.4MgO–3.1Al 2 O 3 –62.5SiO 2 –4.1Na 2 O–0.5K 2 O–0.04Fe 2 O 3 (mol.%), determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Bulk density of the glass was measured to be 2.63 g/cm 3 , and the Young's and shear moduli were 84.3 GPa and 33.6 GPa, respectively, along with a Poisson's ratio of 0.26. Vickers microhardness and indentation fracture toughness were determined to be 6.14 ± 0.1 GPa and 0.70 ± 0.05 MPa m 1/2 , respectively. Glass transition temperature, softening point and coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass were measured by dilatometry. Glass viscosities were estimated over a temperature range of 600–1500 °C using dilatometric reference points of the glass and from composition-based methods. Times required for infiltration of molten CMAS glass into thermal or environmental barrier coatings were also estimated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - THERMAL properties
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - THERMAL stability
KW  - THERMOGRAVIMETRY
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - CMAS
KW  - Dilatometry
KW  - Glass
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Viscosity
N1  - Accession Number: 102464447; Wiesner, Valerie L. 1; Email Address: valerie.l.wiesner@nasa.gov Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 35 Issue 10, p2907; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: THERMAL properties; Subject Term: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject Term: THERMAL stability; Subject Term: THERMOGRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dilatometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscosity; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.03.032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=102464447&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kudela, Raphael M.
AU  - Palacios, Sherry L.
AU  - Austerberry, David C.
AU  - Accorsi, Emma K.
AU  - Guild, Liane S.
AU  - Torres-Perez, Juan
T1  - Application of hyperspectral remote sensing to cyanobacterial blooms in inland waters.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 167
M3  - Article
SP  - 196
EP  - 205
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Cyanobacterial blooms are increasingly posing a severe threat to inland waters, particularly at the land-sea interface where toxins can be transported downstream with subsequent impacts to both terrestrial and marine organisms. These blooms are relatively easy to detect optically because of the surface concentration of cells, the presence of phycocyanin pigments, and the elevated backscatter associated with cell size and the presence of gas vacuoles. Major challenges limiting the use of remote sensing have been, first, that many of these water bodies are small relative to the spatial resolution of ocean color satellites, and second, even with a bright algal target, the spectral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and repeat time for terrestrial satellites is often inadequate. The next generation of multispectral and hyperspectral sensors begin to address these issues with both increased spatial and spectral resolution. Weekly monitoring of Pinto Lake, California has demonstrated that this small water body provides an ideal testbed for development and application of algorithms applicable for legacy and next-generation sensors. Pinto Lake experiences seasonal nearly monospecific blooms with a pronounced species succession. Biomass (as chlorophyll) within Pinto Lake seasonally ranges from ~ 1 to 1000 μg/L. Pinto Lake has been within the flight lines for several recent airborne missions, including the HyspIRI Preparatory Flight Campaign, and is often targeted for HICO acquisitions. Using these data we demonstrate that spectral-shape algorithms requiring minimal atmospheric correction can be used across a range of legacy sensors to detect cyanobacterial blooms and that, with the availability of high spectral resolution data and appropriate atmospheric correction, it is possible to separate the cyanobacterial genera Aphanizomenon and Microcystis . In California Aphanizomenon is typically non-toxic and blooms prior to toxin-producing Microcystis , thus leading to the potential for an early warning system based on the identification of algal types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - CYANOBACTERIAL blooms
KW  - WATER -- Management
KW  - MARINE ecology
KW  - California
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Harmful algal bloom
KW  - Inland waters
KW  - Phycocyanin
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 108807799; Kudela, Raphael M. 1; Email Address: kudela@ucsc.edu Palacios, Sherry L. 2; Email Address: sherry.l.palacios@nasa.gov Austerberry, David C. 3; Email Address: dauster@umich.edu Accorsi, Emma K. 4; Email Address: emma.accorsi@gmail.com Guild, Liane S. 5; Email Address: liane.s.guild@nasa.gov Torres-Perez, Juan 6; Email Address: juan.l.torresperez@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ocean Sciences Department, 1156 High Street, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  2: ORAU/NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-4, Bldg. 245, Rm. 120, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Atmospheric, Ocean, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, USA  4: Applied Math and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA  5: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-4, Bldg. 245, Rm. 120, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: BAERI/NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 245-4, Bldg. 245, Rm. 120, PO Box 1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 167, p196; Subject Term: HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIAL blooms; Subject Term: WATER -- Management; Subject Term: MARINE ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmful algal bloom; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inland waters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phycocyanin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.01.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108807799&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palacios, Sherry L.
AU  - Kudela, Raphael M.
AU  - Guild, Liane S.
AU  - Negrey, Kendra H.
AU  - Torres-Perez, Juan
AU  - Broughton, Jennifer
T1  - Remote sensing of phytoplankton functional types in the coastal ocean from the HyspIRI Preparatory Flight Campaign.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/09/15/
VL  - 167
M3  - Article
SP  - 269
EP  - 280
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The 2013–2015 Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) Preparatory Flight Campaign, using the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) and MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER), seeks to demonstrate appropriate sensor signal, spatial and spectral resolution, and orbital pass geometry for a global mission to reveal ecological and climatic gradients expressed in the selected California, USA study area. One of the awarded projects focused on the flight transects covering the coastal ocean to demonstrate that the AVIRIS data can be used to infer phytoplankton functional types at the land–sea interface. Specifically, this project directly assesses whether HyspIRI can provide adequate signal in the complex aquatic environment of the coastal zone to address questions of algal bloom dynamics, water quality, transient responses to human disturbance, river runoff, and red tides. Phytoplankton functional type (PFT), or biodiversity, can be determined from ocean color using the Phytoplankton Detection with Optics (PHYDOTax) algorithm and this information can be used to detect and monitor for harmful algal blooms. PHYDOTax is sensitive to spectral shape and accurate retrievals of ocean color across the visible spectral range is needed. The specific goal of this paper is to address the challenges of sensor capabilities and atmospheric correction in coastal environments by assessing two atmospheric correction methods using AVIRIS data for the retrieval of ocean color for use in derived products of chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton functional type. The atmospheric correction algorithms Atmospheric Removal (ATREM) and Tafkaa were applied to AVIRIS imagery of Monterey Bay, CA collected on 10 April 2013 and 31 October 2013. Data products from the imagery were compared with shipboard measurements including chlorophyll-a from whole-water samples and phytoplankton community structure estimated from diagnostic pigment markers using CHEMical TAXonomy (CHEMTAX). Using ATREM and Tafkaa and a selected set of input parameters for the scenes, we were unable to produce accurate retrievals of ocean color for the determination of chlorophyll-a and phytoplankton diversity. A modified ATREM correction produced science-quality data in which chlorophyll-a was accurately estimated using the Ocean Color 3 (OC3) chlorophyll-a algorithm, but biodiversity using PHYDOTax was not accurately estimated. Improvements in sensor calibration, sensitivity, and atmospheric correction of the HyspIRI imagery data set is needed in order to adequately estimate biogeochemically meaningful data products for the ocean such as chlorophyll-a, inherent optical properties, or PFTs. The HyspIRI Science Team is seeking improvements so the HyspIRI Airborne Campaign data set can be used for algorithm development to understand biodiversity and ecosystem function of coastal habitats that are facing increasing threats of human impact and climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - PHYTOPLANKTON
KW  - COASTAL ecology
KW  - HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL management
KW  - Atmospheric correction
KW  - Biodiversity
KW  - Harmful algal bloom
KW  - HyspIRI
KW  - PHYDOTax
KW  - Phytoplankton functional type
KW  - Water quality
N1  - Accession Number: 108807808; Palacios, Sherry L. 1; Email Address: sherry.l.palacios@nasa.gov Kudela, Raphael M. 2; Email Address: kudela@ucsc.edu Guild, Liane S. 3; Email Address: liane.s.guild@nasa.gov Negrey, Kendra H. 2; Email Address: khyashi@ucsc.edu Torres-Perez, Juan 4; Email Address: juan.l.torresperez@nasa.gov Broughton, Jennifer 2; Email Address: jbrought@ucsc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Oak Ridge Affiliated Universities, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 167, p269; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: PHYTOPLANKTON; Subject Term: COASTAL ecology; Subject Term: HYPERSPECTRAL imaging systems; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric correction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biodiversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Harmful algal bloom; Author-Supplied Keyword: HyspIRI; Author-Supplied Keyword: PHYDOTax; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phytoplankton functional type; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water quality; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.05.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108807808&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benjamin D.  Jensen
AU  - Kristopher E.  Wise
AU  - Gregory M.  Odegard
T1  - Simulation of the Elastic and Ultimate Tensile Properties of Diamond,Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Amorphous Carbon Using a Revised ReaxFFParametrization.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2015/09/17/
VL  - 119
IS  - 37
M3  - Article
SP  - 9710
EP  - 9721
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Inlight of the enduring interest in using nanostructured carbon materialsas reinforcing elements in composite materials, there is a significantneed for a reliable computational tool capable to predict the mechanicalproperties, both elastic properties and properties at the point offracture, in large-scale atomistic simulations. A revised versionof the ReaxFF reactive force field parametrization for carbon, ReaxFFC-2013, was recently published and is notable because of theinclusion of density functional theory (DFT)-derived mechanical datafor diamond and graphite in the fitting set. The purpose of the presentwork is to assess the accuracy of this new force field for predictingthe mechanical properties for several allotropes of carbon, both inthe elastic regime and during fracture. The initial discussion focuseson the performance of ReaxFFC-2013for diamond and graphene,the two carbon forms for which mechanical properties were includedin the parametrization data set. After it is established that simulationsconducted with the new force field yield results that agree well withDFT and experimental data for most properties of interest, its transferabilityto amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes is explored. ReaxFFC-2013is found to produce results that, for the most part, compare favorablywith available experimental data for single and multiwalled nanotubesand for amorphous carbon models prepared over a range of densities.Although there is opportunity for improvement in some predicted properties,the ReaxFFC-2013parametrization is shown to generallyperform well for each form of carbon and to compare favorably withDFT and experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - DIAMONDS
KW  - AMORPHOUS carbon
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
N1  - Accession Number: 109534515; Benjamin D.  Jensen 1 Kristopher E.  Wise 1 Gregory M.  Odegard 1; Affiliation:  1: †Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, United States; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 119 Issue 37, p9710; Subject Term: TENSILE strength; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: DIAMONDS; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS carbon; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414410 Jewellery and watch merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - G. A. Caliandro
AU  - C. C. Cheung
AU  - J. Li
AU  - J. D. Scargle
AU  - D. F. Torres
AU  - K. S. Wood
AU  - M. Chernyakova
T1  - GAMMA-RAY FLARE ACTIVITY FROM PSR B1259–63 DURING 2014 PERIASTRON PASSAGE AND COMPARISON TO ITS 2010 PASSAGE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/09/20/
VL  - 811
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - PSR B1259–63/LS 2883 is a gamma-ray binary system containing a radio pulsar in a highly elliptical ∼3.4-year orbit around a Be star. In its 2010 periastron passage, multiwavelength emission from radio to TeV was observed, as well as an unexpected GeV flare measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT). Here, we report the results of LAT monitoring of PSR B1259–63 during its most recent 2014 periastron passage. We compare the gamma-ray behavior in this periastron with the former in 2010 and find that PSR B1259–63 shows a recurrent GeV flare. The similarities and differences in the phenomenology of both periastron passages are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA rays
KW  - PULSARS
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - STARS
N1  - Accession Number: 109921862; G. A. Caliandro 1,2; Email Address: caliandr@slac.stanford.edu C. C. Cheung 3 J. Li 4 J. D. Scargle 5 D. F. Torres 4,6 K. S. Wood 3; Email Address: kent.wood@nrl.navy.mil M. Chernyakova 7,8; Affiliation:  1: W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Department of Physics and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA  2: Consorzio Interuniversitario per la Fisica Spaziale (CIFS), Italy  3: Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA  4: Institute of Space Sciences (CSIC-IEEC), Campus UAB, c. de Can Magrans s/n, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain  5: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  6: Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), E-08010 Barcelona, Spain  7: Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland  8: School of Cosmic Physics, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland; Source Info: 9/20/2015, Vol. 811 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GAMMA rays; Subject Term: PULSARS; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: STARS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/68
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109921862&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vishnu Reddy
AU  - Bruce L. Gary
AU  - Juan A. Sanchez
AU  - Driss Takir
AU  - Cristina A. Thomas
AU  - Paul S. Hardersen
AU  - Yenal Ogmen
AU  - Paul Benni
AU  - Thomas G. Kaye
AU  - Joao Gregorio
AU  - Joe Garlitz
AU  - David Polishook
AU  - Lucille Le Corre
AU  - Andreas Nathues
T1  - THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS ASTEROID 2004 BL86: A FRAGMENT OF A DIFFERENTIATED ASTEROID.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/09/20/
VL  - 811
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The physical characterization of potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) is important for impact hazard assessment and evaluating mitigation options. Close flybys of PHAs provide an opportunity to study their surface photometric and spectral properties that enable the identification of their source regions in the main asteroid belt. We observed PHA (357439) 2004 BL86 during a close flyby of the Earth at a distance of 1.2 million km (0.0080 AU) on 2015 January 26, with an array of ground-based telescopes to constrain its photometric and spectral properties. Lightcurve observations showed that the asteroid was a binary and subsequent radar observations confirmed the binary nature and gave a primary diameter of 300 m and a secondary diameter of 50–100 m. Our photometric observations were used to derive the phase curve of 2004 BL86 in the V-band. Two different photometric functions were fitted to this phase curve, the IAU H–G model and the Shevchenko model. From the fit of the H–G function we obtained an absolute magnitude of H = 19.51 ± 0.02 and a slope parameter of G = 0.34 ± 0.02. The Shevchenko function yielded an absolute magnitude of H = 19.03 ± 0.07 and a phase coefficient b = 0.0225 ± 0.0006. The phase coefficient was used to calculate the geometric albedo (Ag) using the relationship found by Belskaya & Schevchenko, obtaining a value of Ag = 40% ± 8% in the V-band. With the geometric albedo and the absolute magnitudes derived from the H–G and the Shevchenko functions we calculated the diameter (D) of 2004 BL86, obtaining D = 263 ± 26 and D = 328 ± 35 m, respectively. 2004 BL86 spectral band parameters and pyroxene chemistry are consistent with non-cumulate eucrite meteorites. A majority of these meteorites are derived from Vesta and are analogous with surface lava flows on a differentiated parent body. A non-diagnostic spectral curve match using the Modeling for Asteroids tool yielded a best-match with non-cumulate eucrite Bereba. Three other near-Earth asteroids (1993 VW, 1998 KK17, and 2000 XH44) that were observed by Burbine et al. also have spectral properties similar to 2004 BL86. The presence of eucrites with anomalous oxygen isotope ratios compared to the howardites, eucrites, and diogenites meteorites from Vesta suggests the possible presence of multiple differentiated bodies in the inner main belt or the contamination of Vesta’s surface with exogenic material. The spectral properties of both anomalous and Vestan eucrites are degenerate, making it difficult to identify the parent bodies of anomalous eucrites in the main belt and the NEO population using remote sensing. This makes it difficult to link 2004 BL86 directly to Vesta, although the Vesta family is the largest contributor of V-types to near-Earth space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - METEORS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - AEROSPACE telemetry
N1  - Accession Number: 109921859; Vishnu Reddy 1,2; Email Address: reddy@psi.edu Bruce L. Gary 3 Juan A. Sanchez 1,2 Driss Takir 1,2 Cristina A. Thomas 2,4 Paul S. Hardersen 2,5 Yenal Ogmen 6 Paul Benni 7 Thomas G. Kaye 8 Joao Gregorio 9 Joe Garlitz 10 David Polishook 2,11 Lucille Le Corre 1,2 Andreas Nathues 12; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Hereford Arizona Observatory, Hereford, AZ 85615, USA  4: NASA Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Department of Space Studies, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA  6: Green Island Observatory, Geçitkale, Maǧusa, via Mersin 10 North Cyprus, Turkey  7: Acton Sky Portal, 3 Concetta Circle, Acton, MA 01720, USA  8: Raemor Vista Observatory, Sierra Vista, AZ 85650, USA  9: Atalaia Group, Crow Observatory (Portalegre) Travessa da Cidreira, 2 rc D, 2645-039 Alcabideche, Portugal  10: 1155 Hartford Street, Elgin, OR 97827, USA  11: Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl Street 234, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel  12: Max-Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany; Source Info: 9/20/2015, Vol. 811 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: METEORS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: AEROSPACE telemetry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517919 All Other Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/811/1/65
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - K Christian Kemp
AU  - Seung Bin Baek
AU  - Wang-Geun Lee
AU  - M Meyyappan
AU  - Kwang S Kim
T1  - Activated carbon derived from waste coffee grounds for stable methane storage.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2015/09/25/
VL  - 26
IS  - 38
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - An activated carbon material derived from waste coffee grounds is shown to be an effective and stable medium for methane storage. The sample activated at 900 °C displays a surface area of 1040.3 m2 g−1 and a micropore volume of 0.574 cm3 g−1 and exhibits a stable CH4 adsorption capacity of ∼4.2 mmol g−1 at 3.0 MPa and a temperature range of 298 ± 10 K. The same material exhibits an impressive hydrogen storage capacity of 1.75 wt% as well at 77 K and 100 kPa. Here, we also propose a mechanism for the formation of activated carbon from spent coffee grounds. At low temperatures, the material has two distinct types with low and high surface areas; however, activation at elevated temperatures drives off the low surface area carbon, leaving behind the porous high surface area activated carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTIVATED carbon
KW  - ADSORPTION capacity
KW  - COFFEE
KW  - METHANE
KW  - AGRICULTURAL wastes
KW  - HYDROGEN storage
KW  - MICROPORES
N1  - Accession Number: 109256525; K Christian Kemp 1,2,3 Seung Bin Baek 1 Wang-Geun Lee 1 M Meyyappan 1,2 Kwang S Kim 1; Email Address: kimks@unist.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 689-798, Korea  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Current address: Department of Environmental Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea.; Source Info: 9/25/2015, Vol. 26 Issue 38, p1; Subject Term: ACTIVATED carbon; Subject Term: ADSORPTION capacity; Subject Term: COFFEE; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL wastes; Subject Term: HYDROGEN storage; Subject Term: MICROPORES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111330 Non-citrus fruit and tree nut farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111339 Other Noncitrus Fruit Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311920 Coffee and Tea Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 413190 Other specialty-line food merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 445299 All Other Specialty Food Stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/26/38/385602
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ooijevaar, T.H.
AU  - Rogge, M.D.
AU  - Loendersloot, R.
AU  - Warnet, L.L.
AU  - Akkerman, R.
AU  - Tinga, T.
T1  - Nonlinear dynamic behavior of an impact damaged composite skin–stiffener structure.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2015/09/29/
VL  - 353
M3  - Article
SP  - 243
EP  - 258
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - One of the key issues in composite structures for aircraft applications is the early identification of damage. Often, service induced damage does not involve visible plastic deformation, but internal matrix related damage. A wide range of technologies, comprising global vibration and local wave propagation methods, can be employed for health monitoring purposes. Traditional modal analysis based methods are linear methods. The effectiveness of these methods is sometimes limited since they rely on a stationary and linear description of the system. The nonlinear interaction between a low frequency wave field and a local impact induced damage in a composite skin–stiffener structure is experimentally demonstrated in this work. The different mechanisms linked to the distorted waveforms are separated with the help of phase portraits. The harmonic waveform distortions are concentrated at the damaged region and increased for higher excitation amplitudes. It is shown that linear damage identification methods are feasible for low excitation amplitudes, but that the presence of nonlinear dynamic effects cannot remain silent for higher amplitudes. Analyzing the damage induced nonlinear effects can provide useful information about the current state of the structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONLINEAR dynamical systems
KW  - COMPOSITE structures
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - AIRPLANES
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
N1  - Accession Number: 103459449; Ooijevaar, T.H. 1,2; Email Address: ted@dvonline.net Rogge, M.D. 3 Loendersloot, R. 2 Warnet, L.L. 1 Akkerman, R. 1 Tinga, T. 2; Affiliation:  1: University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Production Technology, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands  2: University of Twente, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Dynamics based Maintenance, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, Mail Stop 231, 3B East Taylor Street, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Sep2015, Vol. 353, p243; Subject Term: NONLINEAR dynamical systems; Subject Term: COMPOSITE structures; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2015.05.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103459449&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johannsson, Magni
AU  - Wen, Anne
AU  - Kraetzig, Benjamin
AU  - Cohen, Dan
AU  - Liu, Dapeng
AU  - Liu, Hao
AU  - Palencia, Hilda
AU  - Wagner, Hugo
AU  - Stotesbury, Ian
AU  - Jaworski, Jaroslaw
AU  - Tallineau, Julien
AU  - Laïb, Karima
AU  - Dubois, Louis-Etienne
AU  - Lander, Mark
AU  - Claude, Matthew
AU  - Shouppe, Matthew
AU  - Gallagher, Michael
AU  - Brogan, Mitchell
AU  - Brito, Natalia Larrea
AU  - Cyr, Philippe
T1  - Space and Open Innovation: Potential, limitations and conditions of success.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 115
M3  - Article
SP  - 173
EP  - 184
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The classical model of innovation behind closed doors is slowly but surely being challenged by the Open Innovation model that is reshaping the way organizations bring new products and services into the market. This paper reports on the results of an International Space University (ISU) Team Project (TP) focused on the potential, limitations and conditions of success of Open Innovation in the space sector using ISU׳s international, interdisciplinary, intercultural (3Is) approach. Open Innovation can be defined as “the process of strategically managing the sharing of ideas and resources among entities to co-create value”. Conventional approaches to technology development for space, such as spin-offs or spin-ins, are no longer sufficient to fully describe the interactions between organizations in today׳s Research and Development (R&D) landscape. Traditionally, conducting space technology development and launching space missions required massive infrastructure investments, long lead times and large teams of experts. However, internal R&D, dedicated marketing departments and closely guarded intellectual property are no longer the only way to achieve success. Smaller, nimbler teams, significant use of crowdfunding, a more aggressive approach to managing risk and a great motivation to leverage intellectual property are just some of their defining characteristics. By using a case study methodology focused on asteroid mining supported by a critical literature review, the project team highlighted the potential of Open Innovation in space by identifying its most promising applications as well as its limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPEN innovation
KW  - SPACE launch industry
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL surveys
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS -- Technology transfer
KW  - Asteroid mining
KW  - Case study
KW  - Open innovation
KW  - Space
KW  - Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 108679188; Johannsson, Magni 1; Email Address: magni.johannsson@dlr.de Wen, Anne 2 Kraetzig, Benjamin 2 Cohen, Dan 3 Liu, Dapeng 2 Liu, Hao 2 Palencia, Hilda 4 Wagner, Hugo 2 Stotesbury, Ian 2 Jaworski, Jaroslaw 2 Tallineau, Julien 5 Laïb, Karima 2 Dubois, Louis-Etienne 6 Lander, Mark 2 Claude, Matthew 2 Shouppe, Matthew 2 Gallagher, Michael 7 Brogan, Mitchell 2 Brito, Natalia Larrea 2 Cyr, Philippe 2; Affiliation:  1: German Aerospace Center, Institute of Space Systems, Space Launcher Systems Analysis, 28359 Bremen, Germany  2: International Space University, 67400 Strasbourg, France  3: Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Racah Institute of Physics, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 94035 CA, United States  5: QinetiQ Space nv, 9150 Belgium, Belgium  6: Mosaic-HEC Montréal, CGS-MINES ParisTech, Montréal, Canada H3T2A7  7: Alberta Health Services, Alberta, Canada T5J3E4; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 115, p173; Subject Term: OPEN innovation; Subject Term: SPACE launch industry; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL surveys; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS -- Technology transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Case study; Author-Supplied Keyword: Open innovation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Survey; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.05.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackey, Jon
AU  - Dynys, Frederick
AU  - Sehirlioglu, Alp
T1  - Si/Ge–WSi2 composites: Processing and thermoelectric properties.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 98
M3  - Article
SP  - 263
EP  - 274
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Thermoelectric nano-composites composed of a Si/Ge matrix with WSi 2 nano-precipitates were investigated and reductions in lattice thermal conductivity as large as 40% (compared to a benchmark silicide free sample) have been achieved. Additionally, samples exhibited enhanced figure of merit over that of classic state-of-the art Si/Ge, improvements as large as 30% were obtained for both p-type and n-type samples. Samples were prepared from powder metallurgic techniques; mechano-chemical alloying in a planetary mill combined with spark plasma sintering for densification. Thermoelectric properties and microstructure of the specimens were investigated in relationship to processing conditions and composition. The nano-composites investigated in this work provide both a viable enhancement mechanism with greater thermal stability and an experimental benchmark for theoretic work on silicide inclusions in Si/Ge matrix. This experimental work verifies the prospect to enhance figure of merit, and demonstrates that achieving uniform WSi 2 nano-inclusion is a technical challenge using powder processing approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - METALS -- Thermomechanical properties
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - METALLURGY
KW  - THERMAL stability
KW  - Electrical resistivity
KW  - Nano-structure
KW  - Seebeck coefficient
KW  - Thermal conductivity
KW  - Thermoelectric materials
N1  - Accession Number: 109045585; Mackey, Jon 1; Email Address: jam151@zips.uakron.edu Dynys, Frederick 2; Email Address: Frederick.w.dynys@nasa.gov Sehirlioglu, Alp 3; Email Address: axs461@case.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, OH 44106, United States; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 98, p263; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: METALS -- Thermomechanical properties; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: METALLURGY; Subject Term: THERMAL stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical resistivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano-structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seebeck coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoelectric materials; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2015.07.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jones, M.R.
AU  - Singels, A.
AU  - Ruane, A.C.
T1  - Simulated impacts of climate change on water use and yield of irrigated sugarcane in South Africa.
JO  - Agricultural Systems
JF  - Agricultural Systems
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 139
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 270
SN  - 0308521X
AB  - Reliable predictions of climate change impacts on water use, irrigation requirements and yields of irrigated sugarcane in South Africa (a water-scarce country) are necessary to plan adaptation strategies. Although previous work has been done in this regard, methodologies and results vary considerably. The objectives were (1) to estimate likely impacts of climate change on sugarcane yields, water use and irrigation demand at three irrigated sugarcane production sites in South Africa (Malelane, Pongola and La Mercy) for current (1980–2010) and future (2070–2100) climate scenarios, using an approach based on the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) protocols; and (2) to assess the suitability of this methodology for investigating climate change impacts on sugarcane production. Future climate datasets were generated using the Delta downscaling method and three Global Circulation Models (GCMs) assuming atmospheric CO 2 concentration [ CO 2 ] of 734 ppm (A2 emissions scenario). Yield and water use were simulated using the DSSAT-Canegro v4.5 model. Irrigated cane yields are expected to increase at all three sites (between 11 and 14%), primarily due to increased interception of radiation as a result of accelerated canopy development. Evapotranspiration and irrigation requirements increased by 11% due to increased canopy cover and evaporative demand. Sucrose yields are expected to decline because of increased consumption of photo-assimilate for structural growth and maintenance respiration. Crop responses in canopy development and yield formation differed markedly between the crop cycles investigated. Possible agronomic implications of these results include reduced weed control costs due to shortened periods of partial canopy, a need for improved efficiency of irrigation to counter increased demands, and adjustments to ripening and harvest practices to counter decreased cane quality and optimise productivity. Although the Delta climate data downscaling method is considered robust, accurate and easily-understood, it does not change the future number of rain-days per month. The impacts of this and other climate data simplifications ought to be explored in future work. Shortcomings of the DSSAT-Canegro model include the simulated responses of phenological development, photosynthesis and respiration processes to high temperatures, and the disconnect between simulated biomass accumulation and expansive growth. Proposed methodology refinements should improve the reliability of predicted climate change impacts on sugarcane yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Agricultural Systems is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SUGARCANE -- Yields
KW  - WATER in agriculture
KW  - IRRIGATION
KW  - AGRICULTURE
KW  - ADAPTATION (Physiology) in plants
KW  - SOUTH Africa
KW  - Cane yield
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Irrigation requirement
KW  - Model
KW  - Water use
N1  - Accession Number: 109241110; Jones, M.R. 1; Email Address: matthew.jones@sugar.org.za Singels, A. 1,2; Email Address: abraham.singels@sugar.org.za Ruane, A.C. 3; Email Address: alexander.c.ruane@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: South African Sugarcane Research Institute, Private Bag X02, Mount Edgecombe 4300, South Africa  2: Department of Plant Production and Soil Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa  3: Climate Impacts Group, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 139, p260; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SUGARCANE -- Yields; Subject Term: WATER in agriculture; Subject Term: IRRIGATION; Subject Term: AGRICULTURE; Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Physiology) in plants; Subject Term: SOUTH Africa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cane yield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irrigation requirement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111930 Sugarcane Farming; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agsy.2015.07.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis
T1  - Aerospace Engineering on the Back of an Envelope.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 53
IS  - 10
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 3155
EP  - 3155
SN  - 00011452
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - ALBER, Irwin E.
KW  - AEROSPACE Engineering on the Back of an Envelope (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 110227680; Bushnell, Dennis 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Langley Research Center; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 53 Issue 10, p3155; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: AEROSPACE Engineering on the Back of an Envelope (Book); People: ALBER, Irwin E.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054374
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David H. Hathaway
AU  - Thibaud Teil
AU  - Aimee A. Norton
AU  - Irina Kitiashvili
T1  - THE SUN’S PHOTOSPHERIC CONVECTION SPECTRUM.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10//10/1/2015
VL  - 811
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Spectra of the cellular photospheric flows are determined from full-disk Doppler velocity observations acquired by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument on the Solar Dynamics Observatory spacecraft. Three different analysis methods are used to separately determine spectral coefficients representing the poloidal flows, the toroidal flows, and the radial flows. The amplitudes of these spectral coefficients are constrained by simulated data analyzed with the same procedures as the HMI data. We find that the total velocity spectrum rises smoothly to a peak at a wavenumber of about 120 (wavelength of about 35 Mm), which is typical of supergranules. The spectrum levels off out to wavenumbers of about 400, and then rises again to a peak at a wavenumber of about 3500 (wavelength of about 1200 km), which is typical of granules. The velocity spectrum is dominated by the poloidal flow component (horizontal flows with divergence but no curl) at wavenumbers above 30. The toroidal flow component (horizontal flows with curl but no divergence) dominates at wavenumbers less than 30. The radial flow velocity is only about 3% of the total flow velocity at the lowest wavenumbers, but increases in strength to become about 50% at wavenumbers near 4000. The spectrum compares well with the spectrum of giant cell flows at the lowest wavenumbers and with the spectrum of granulation from a 3D radiative-hydrodynamic simulation at the highest wavenumbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLAR granulation
KW  - SOLAR photosphere
KW  - SUN
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - TOROIDAL magnetic circuits
KW  - POLOIDAL magnetic fields
KW  - WAVENUMBER
KW  - INTERNAL structure
N1  - Accession Number: 110113315; David H. Hathaway 1; Email Address: david.hathaway@nasa.gov Thibaud Teil 1; Email Address: thibaud.teil@gmail.com Aimee A. Norton 2; Email Address: aanorton@stanford.edu Irina Kitiashvili 1; Email Address: irina.n.kitiashvili@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2015, Vol. 811 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLAR granulation; Subject Term: SOLAR photosphere; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: TOROIDAL magnetic circuits; Subject Term: POLOIDAL magnetic fields; Subject Term: WAVENUMBER; Subject Term: INTERNAL structure; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/811/2/105
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Erik A. Petigura
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Ian J. M. Crossfield
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Katherine M. Deck
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Evan Sinukoff
AU  - Katelyn N. Allers
AU  - William M. J. Best
AU  - Michael C. Liu
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Howard Isaacson
AU  - Brad M. S. Hansen
AU  - Sébastien Lépine
T1  - TWO TRANSITING EARTH-SIZE PLANETS NEAR RESONANCE ORBITING A NEARBY COOL STAR.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10//10/1/2015
VL  - 811
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Discoveries from the prime Kepler mission demonstrated that small planets (<3 ) are common outcomes of planet formation. While Kepler detected many such planets, all but a handful orbit faint, distant stars and are not amenable to precise follow up measurements. Here, we report the discovery of two small planets transiting K2-21, a bright (K = 9.4) M0 dwarf located pc from Earth. We detected the transiting planets in photometry collected during Campaign 3 of NASA’s K2 mission. Analysis of transit light curves reveals that the planets have small radii compared to their host star, / = % and %, respectively. We obtained follow up NIR spectroscopy of K2-21 to constrain host star properties, which imply planet sizes of 1.59 ± 0.43 and 1.92 ± 0.53 , respectively, straddling the boundary between high-density, rocky planets and low-density planets with thick gaseous envelopes. The planets have orbital periods of 9.32414 days and 15.50120 days, respectively, and a period ratio = 1.6624, very near to the 5:3 mean motion resonance, which may be a record of the system’s formation history. Transit timing variations due to gravitational interactions between the planets may be detectable using ground-based telescopes. Finally, this system offers a convenient laboratory for studying the bulk composition and atmospheric properties of small planets with low equilibrium temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COOL stars (Astronomy)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - SPECTROMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 110113319; Erik A. Petigura 1,2; Email Address: petigura@caltech.edu Joshua E. Schlieder 3,4 Ian J. M. Crossfield 5,6 Andrew W. Howard 7 Katherine M. Deck 1 David R. Ciardi 8 Evan Sinukoff 7 Katelyn N. Allers 9,10 William M. J. Best 7 Michael C. Liu 7 Charles A. Beichman 1 Howard Isaacson 11 Brad M. S. Hansen 12 Sébastien Lépine 13; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  2: Hubble Fellow.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  5: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, USA  6: NASA Sagan Fellow.  7: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI, USA  8: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA  10: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  11: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA  12: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA  13: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2015, Vol. 811 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: COOL stars (Astronomy); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTROMETRY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/811/2/102
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110113319&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Follette-Cook, Melanie B.
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Duncan, Bryan N.
AU  - Loughner, Christopher P.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Fried, Alan
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
T1  - Spatial and temporal variability of trace gas columns derived from WRF/Chem regional model output: Planning for geostationary observations of atmospheric composition.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 44
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We quantify both the spatial and temporal variability of column integrated O 3 , NO 2 , CO, SO 2 , and HCHO over the Baltimore/Washington, DC area using output from the Weather Research and Forecasting model with on-line chemistry (WRF/Chem) for the entire month of July 2011, coinciding with the first deployment of the NASA Earth Venture program mission Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ). Using structure function analyses, we find that the model reproduces the spatial variability observed during the campaign reasonably well, especially for O 3 . The Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO) instrument will be the first NASA mission to make atmospheric composition observations from geostationary orbit and partially fulfills the goals of the Geostationary Coastal and Air Pollution Events (GEO-CAPE) mission. We relate the simulated variability to the precision requirements defined by the science traceability matrices of these space-borne missions. Results for O 3 from 0 to 2 km altitude indicate that the TEMPO instrument would be able to observe O 3 air quality events over the Mid-Atlantic area, even on days when the violations of the air quality standard are not widespread. The results further indicated that horizontal gradients in CO from 0 to 2 km would be observable over moderate distances (≥20 km). The spatial and temporal results for tropospheric column NO 2 indicate that TEMPO would be able to observe not only the large urban plumes at times of peak production, but also the weaker gradients between rush hours. This suggests that the proposed spatial and temporal resolutions for these satellites as well as their prospective precision requirements are sufficient to answer the science questions they are tasked to address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRACE gases
KW  - SPATIO-temporal variation
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC composition
KW  - Air quality
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - Geostationary
KW  - TEMPO
KW  - Variability
KW  - WRF/Chem
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 109159855; Follette-Cook, Melanie B. 1,2; Email Address: Melanie.cook@nasa.gov Pickering, Kenneth E. 2 Crawford, James H. 3 Duncan, Bryan N. 2 Loughner, Christopher P. 2,4 Diskin, Glenn S. 3 Fried, Alan 5 Weinheimer, Andrew J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Morgan State University, GESTAR, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  4: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, USA  5: University of Colorado, USA  6: National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 118, p28; Subject Term: TRACE gases; Subject Term: SPATIO-temporal variation; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geostationary; Author-Supplied Keyword: TEMPO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: WRF/Chem; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.07.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109159855&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Yi
AU  - Kim, Matt
AU  - Guo, Haiqing
AU  - Sunderland, Peter B.
AU  - Quintiere, James G.
AU  - deRis, John
AU  - Stocker, Dennis P.
T1  - Emulation of condensed fuel flames with gases in microgravity.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 162
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3449
EP  - 3455
SN  - 00102180
AB  - A gaseous fuel burner has been designed to emulate the burning behavior of liquids and solids. The burner is hypothesized to represent a liquid or solid fuel through four key properties: heat of combustion, heat of gasification, vaporization temperature, and laminar smoke point. Previous work supports this concept, and it has been demonstrated for four real fuels. The technique is applied to flames during 5 s of microgravity. Tests were conducted with a burner of 25 mm diameter, two gaseous fuels, and a range of flow rates, oxygen concentrations, and pressures. The microgravity tests reveal a condition appearing to approach a steady state but sometimes with apparent local extinction. The flame typically retains a hemispherical shape, with some indication of slowing growth, and nearly asymptotic steady flame heat flux. A one-dimensional steady-state theory reasonably correlates the data for flame heat flux and flame length. The burning rate per unit area is found to be inversely dependent on diameter and a function of the ratio of the ambient oxygen mass fraction to the heat of gasification. The flame length to diameter ratio depends on two dimensionless parameters: Spalding B number and the ratio of the heat of combustion per unit mass of ambient oxygen to the heat of combustion of the fuel mixture stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - FLAME
KW  - BURNERS (Technology)
KW  - SOLID-liquid interfaces
KW  - BIOMASS gasification
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - Diffusion flame
KW  - Fire
KW  - Heat flux
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 109494654; Zhang, Yi 1 Kim, Matt 1 Guo, Haiqing 1 Sunderland, Peter B. 1 Quintiere, James G. 1; Email Address: jimq@umd.edu deRis, John 2 Stocker, Dennis P. 3; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Fire Protection Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: FM Global, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 162 Issue 10, p3449; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: BURNERS (Technology); Subject Term: SOLID-liquid interfaces; Subject Term: BIOMASS gasification; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diffusion flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.05.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109494654&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Lupu, Roxana
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony
AU  - Sleep, Norman H.
T1  - The tethered Moon.
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 427
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 82
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - We address the thermal history of the Earth after the Moon-forming impact, taking tidal heating and thermal blanketing by the atmosphere into account. The atmosphere sets an upper bound of ∼100 W/m 2 on how quickly the Earth can cool. The liquid magma ocean cools over 2–10 Myr, with longer times corresponding to high angular-momentum events. Tidal heating is focused mostly in mantle materials that are just beginning to freeze. The atmosphere's control over cooling sets up a negative feedback between viscosity-dependent tidal heating and temperature-dependent viscosity of the magma ocean. While the feedback holds, evolution of the Moon's orbit is limited by the modest radiative cooling rate of Earth's atmosphere. Orbital evolution is orders of magnitude slower than in conventional constant Q models, which promotes capture by resonances. The evection resonance is encountered early, when the Earth is molten. Capture by the evection resonance appears certain but unlikely to generate much eccentricity because it is encountered early when the Earth is molten and Q ⊕ ≫ Q ☾ . Tidal dissipation in the Earth becomes more efficient ( Q ⊕ ≪ Q ☾ ) later when the Moon is between ∼ 20 R ⊕ and ∼ 40 R ⊕ . If lunar eccentricity grew great, this was when it did so, perhaps setting the table for some other process to leave its mark on the inclination of the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MAGMAS
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics)
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Earth and Moon formation
KW  - Earth and Moon tidal evolution
KW  - Earth atmospheric evolution
KW  - Earth thermal evolution
N1  - Accession Number: 108654192; Zahnle, Kevin J. 1; Email Address: Kevin.J.Zahnle@NASA.gov Lupu, Roxana 2; Email Address: roxana.s.lupu@nasa.gov Dobrovolskis, Anthony 2; Email Address: anthony.r.dobrovolskis@nasa.gov Sleep, Norman H. 3; Email Address: norm@stanford.edu; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 95064, USA  3: Department of Geophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 427, p74; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MAGMAS; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics); Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth and Moon formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth and Moon tidal evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth atmospheric evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth thermal evolution; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.058
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108654192&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Evans, A.
AU  - Helton, L. A.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
T1  - INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF NOVAE IN THE SOFIA ERA.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 71/72
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 146
SN  - 16334760
AB  - Classical novae inject chemically enriched gas and dust into the local inter-stellar medium (ISM). Abundances in the ejecta can be deduced from infrared (IR) forbidden line emission. IR spectroscopy can determine the mineralogy of grains that grow in nova ejecta. We anticipate the impact that NASA's new Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) will have on future IR studies of novae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - NOVAE (Astronomy)
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 111431095; Gehrz, R. D. 1 Evans, A. 2 Helton, L. A. 3 Woodward, C. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA  2: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  3: SOFIA Science Center, USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 71/72, p143; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: NOVAE (Astronomy); Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1571030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111431095&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evans, A.
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Helton, L. A.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
T1  - THE CIRCUMSTELLAR DUST OF "BORN-AGAIN" STARS.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 71/72
M3  - Article
SP  - 281
EP  - 286
SN  - 16334760
AB  - We describe the evolution of the carbon dust shells around Very Late Thermal Pulse (VLTP) objects as seen at infrared wavelengths. This includes a 20-year overview of the evolution of the dust around Sakurai's object (to which Olivier made a seminal contribution) and FG Sge. VLTPs may occur during the endpoint of as many as 25% of solar mass stars, and may therefore provide a glimpse of the possible fate of the Sun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - WAVELENGTH measurement
KW  - STARS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CARBON
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 111431128; Evans, A. 1 Gehrz, R. D. 2 Helton, L. A. 3 Woodward, C. E. 2; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  2: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S.E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA  3: USRA-SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 71/72, p281; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: WAVELENGTH measurement; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1571063
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111431128&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sudek, Sebastian
AU  - Everroad, R. Craig
AU  - Gehman, Alyssa-Lois M.
AU  - Smith, Jason M.
AU  - Poirier, Camille L.
AU  - Chavez, Francisco P.
AU  - Worden, Alexandra Z.
T1  - Cyanobacterial distributions along a physico-chemical gradient in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 17
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3692
EP  - 3707
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 14622912
AB  - The cyanobacteria P rochlorococcus and S ynechococcus are important marine primary producers. We explored their distributions and covariance along a physico-chemical gradient from coastal to open ocean waters in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. An inter-annual pattern was delineated in the dynamic transition zone where upwelled and eastern boundary current waters mix, and two new S ynechococcus clades, Eastern Pacific Clade ( EPC) 1 and EPC2, were identified. By applying state-of-the-art phylogenetic analysis tools to bar-coded 16S amplicon datasets, we observed higher abundance of P rochlorococcus high-light I ( HLI) and low-light I ( LLI) in years when more oligotrophic water intruded farther inshore, while under stronger upwelling S ynechococcus  I and IV dominated. However, contributions of some cyanobacterial clades were proportionally relatively constant, e.g. S ynechococcus  EPC2. In addition to supporting observations that P rochlorococcus  LLI thrive at higher irradiances than other LL taxa, the results suggest LLI tolerate lower temperatures than previously reported. The phylogenetic precision of our 16S rRNA gene analytical approach and depth of bar-coded sequencing also facilitated detection of clades at low abundance in unexpected places. These include P rochlorococcus at the coast and C yanobium-related sequences offshore, although it remains unclear whether these came from resident or potentially advected cells. Our study enhances understanding of cyanobacterial distributions in an ecologically important eastern boundary system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA -- Physiology
KW  - BACTERIA -- Geographical distribution
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - SEAWATER
KW  - PACIFIC Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 110464957; Sudek, Sebastian 1 Everroad, R. Craig 2 Gehman, Alyssa-Lois M. 1 Smith, Jason M. 1 Poirier, Camille L. 1 Chavez, Francisco P. 1 Worden, Alexandra Z. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute  2: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center  3: Integrated Microbial Biodiversity Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 17 Issue 10, p3692; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA -- Physiology; Subject Term: BACTERIA -- Geographical distribution; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: SEAWATER; Subject Term: PACIFIC Ocean; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1462-2920.12742
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bernardin, John
AU  - Chiaramonte, Francis
AU  - Dhir, Vijay
AU  - Galloway, Jesse
AU  - Goodson, Ken
AU  - Incropera, Frank
AU  - Kabov, Oleg
AU  - Kaviany, Massoud
AU  - Kazimi, Mujid
AU  - Khusid, Boris
AU  - Kim, Jungho
AU  - Kim, Sung-Min
AU  - Lee, Jaeseon
AU  - Minkowycz, W.J.
AU  - Qu, Weilin
AU  - Rose, John
AU  - Sammakia, Bahgat
AU  - Stephan, Peter
AU  - Vafai, Kambiz
AU  - Wen, Chang-Da
T1  - Professor Issam Mudawar on his 60th birthday.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 89
M3  - Article
SP  - A1
EP  - A3
SN  - 00179310
KW  - BIRTHDAYS
KW  - MUDAWAR, Issam
N1  - Accession Number: 108455249; Bernardin, John 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Chiaramonte, Francis 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Dhir, Vijay 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Galloway, Jesse 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Goodson, Ken 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Incropera, Frank 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Kabov, Oleg 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Kaviany, Massoud 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Kazimi, Mujid 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Khusid, Boris 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Kim, Jungho 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Kim, Sung-Min 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Lee, Jaeseon 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Minkowycz, W.J. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Qu, Weilin 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20; Email Address: qu@hawaii.edu Rose, John 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Sammakia, Bahgat 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Stephan, Peter 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Vafai, Kambiz 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20 Wen, Chang-Da 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20; Affiliation:  1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA  3: University of California at Los Angeles, USA  4: Amkor Technology, USA  5: Stanford University, USA  6: University of Notre Dame, USA  7: Kutateladze Institute of Thermophysics, Russia  8: University of Michigan, USA  9: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA  10: New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA  11: University of Maryland, USA  12: Sungkyunkwan University, Republic of Korea  13: Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Republic of Korea  14: University of Illinois at Chicago, USA  15: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  16: Queen Mary, University of London, England, United Kingdom  17: Binghamton University, USA  18: Darmstadt Technical University, Germany  19: University of California at Riverside, USA  20: National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, ROC; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 89, pA1; Subject Term: BIRTHDAYS; People: MUDAWAR, Issam; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.05.059
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108455249&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - MAHAN, J. R.
AU  - WALKER JR., J. A.
AU  - STANCIL, M. M.
T1  - Bidirectional reflection effects in practical integrating spheres.
JO  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
JF  - Journal of Applied Mechanics
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 82
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 8951
EP  - 8956
SN  - 00218936
AB  - Integrating spheres play a central role in radiometric instrument calibration, surface optical property measurement, and radiant source characterization. Our work involves a simulation, based on the Monte Carlo ray-trace (MCRT) of bidirectional reflections within a practical integrating sphere pierced with two viewing ports. We used data from the literature to create an empirical model for the bidirectional reflection distribution function (BRF) of Spectralon suitable for use in the MCRT environment. The ratio of power escaping through the two openings is shown to vary linearly with wall absorptivity for both diffuse and bidirectional reflections. The sensitivity of this ratio to absorptivity is shown to be less when reflections are weakly bidirectional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFLECTION (Optics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPHERES
KW  - RADIOMETRIC methods
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - OPACITY (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 110873718; MAHAN, J. R. 1; Email Address: jrmahan@vt.edu WALKER JR., J. A. 2 STANCIL, M. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 460 Old Turner Street, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, 5 N. Dryden Street, Mail Stop 468, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 82 Issue 10, p8951; Subject Term: REFLECTION (Optics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPHERES; Subject Term: RADIOMETRIC methods; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: OPACITY (Optics); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1364/AO.54.008951
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110873718&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miki, Kenji
AU  - Panesi, Marco
AU  - Prudhomme, Serge
T1  - Systematic validation of non-equilibrium thermochemical models using Bayesian inference.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 298
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 144
SN  - 00219991
AB  - The validation process proposed by Babuška et al. [1] is applied to thermochemical models describing post-shock flow conditions. In this validation approach, experimental data is involved only in the calibration of the models, and the decision process is based on quantities of interest (QoIs) predicted on scenarios that are not necessarily amenable experimentally. Moreover, uncertainties present in the experimental data, as well as those resulting from an incomplete physical model description, are propagated to the QoIs. We investigate four commonly used thermochemical models: a one-temperature model (which assumes thermal equilibrium among all inner modes), and two-temperature models developed by Macheret et al. [2] , Marrone and Treanor [3] , and Park [4] . Up to 16 uncertain parameters are estimated using Bayesian updating based on the latest absolute volumetric radiance data collected at the Electric Arc Shock Tube (EAST) installed inside the NASA Ames Research Center. Following the solution of the inverse problems, the forward problems are solved in order to predict the radiative heat flux, QoI, and examine the validity of these models. Our results show that all four models are invalid, but for different reasons: the one-temperature model simply fails to reproduce the data while the two-temperature models exhibit unacceptably large uncertainties in the QoI predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - STATISTICAL decision making
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - Covariance matrix
KW  - Inverse problem
KW  - Nitrogen ionization
KW  - Parameter identification
KW  - Stochastic modeling
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 108654952; Miki, Kenji 1 Panesi, Marco 2; Email Address: mpanesi@illinois.edu Prudhomme, Serge 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, OAI, 22800 Cedar Point Rd, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 306 Talbot Lab, 104 S. Wright St., Urbana, IL 61801, USA  3: Département de mathématiques et de génie industriel, Ecole Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3A7, Canada; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 298, p125; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: STATISTICAL decision making; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Covariance matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen ionization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parameter identification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic modeling; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.05.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108654952&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daly, Adam M.
AU  - Drouin, Brian J.
AU  - Pearson, John C.
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
T1  - The ν17 band of C2H5D from 770 to 880 cm−1.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 316
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 00222852
AB  - Atmospheric investigations rely heavily on the availability of accurate spectral information of hydrocarbons. To extend the ethane database we recorded a 0.0028 cm − 1 resolution spectrum of 12 C 2 H 5 D from 650 to 1500 cm − 1 using a Bruker Fourier Transform spectrometer IFS-125HR at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The 98% deuterium-enriched sample was contained in a 0.2038 m absorption cell; one spectrum was obtained with the sample cryogenically cooled to 130.5 K and another at room temperature. From the cold data, we retrieved line positions and intensities of 8704 individual absorption features from 770 to 880 cm − 1 using a least squares curve fitting algorithm. From this set of measurements, we assigned 5035 transitions to the v 17 fundamental at 805.342729(27) cm − 1 ; this band is a c-type vibration, with often-resolved A and E components arising from internal rotation. The positions were modeled to a 22 term torsional Hamiltonian using SPFIT to fit the spectrum to a standard deviation of 7 × 10 − 4 cm − 1 (21 MHz). The prediction of the 5035 line intensities at 130.5 K agreed with observed intensities, but a small centrifugal distortion type correction to the transition dipole was needed to model the intensity of high K a R and P transitions. The integrated band intensities of 3.6628 × 10 − 19 cm − 1 /(molecule cm − 2 ) at 296 K in the 770–880 cm − 1 region was obtained. To predict line intensities at different temperatures, the partition function values were determined at nine temperatures between 9.8 and 300 K by summing individual energy levels up to J = 99 and K a = 99 for the six states up through ν 17 at 805 cm − 1 . We found the energy of A and E are inverted as compared to ground state (with the E state lower than the A state) and the splitting, −241.8(10) MHz, lies between the ground state value of +74.167(18) MHz and the first torsional state (ν 18 = 271.1 cm − 1 ) value of −3382.23(34) MHz. The proximity of the energy splitting to the ground state suggests that the ν 17 state has a similar torsional character. The resulting prediction of singly-deuterated ethane absorption at 12.5 μm enables its detection in planetary atmospheres, including those of Titan and exoplanets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - DEUTERIUM
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - GROUND state energy
KW  - d1-Ethane
KW  - FT-IR
KW  - High resolution
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Line intensities
N1  - Accession Number: 109503469; Daly, Adam M. 1; Email Address: adaly@email.arizona.edu Drouin, Brian J. 1 Pearson, John C. 1 Sung, Keeyoon 1 Brown, Linda R. 1; Email Address: Linda.R.Brown@jpl.nasa.gov Mantz, Arlan 2 Smith, Mary Ann H. 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Dept. of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 316, p1; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: DEUTERIUM; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: GROUND state energy; Author-Supplied Keyword: d1-Ethane; Author-Supplied Keyword: FT-IR; Author-Supplied Keyword: High resolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line intensities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2015.06.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109503469&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wei, Jie
AU  - Wang, Alian
AU  - Lambert, James L.
AU  - Wettergreen, David
AU  - Cabrol, Nathalie
AU  - Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley
AU  - Zacny, Kris
T1  - Autonomous soil analysis by the Mars Micro-beam Raman Spectrometer (MMRS) on-board a rover in the Atacama Desert: a terrestrial test for planetary exploration.
JO  - Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Raman Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 46
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 810
EP  - 821
SN  - 03770486
AB  - Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) has been proposed for in situ characterization of molecular species in planetary surface exploration, and three laser Raman spectrometers are included in the science payloads of two under-development missions to Mars (ESA-ExoMars2018 and NASA-Mars2020). We report the first rover test of a laser Raman spectrometer developed for flight, the Mars Micro-beam Raman Spectrometer (MMRS) in the Atacama Desert (Chile). The MMRS was integrated on the Zoë rover and analyzed subsurface samples brought up by a 1 m drill and delivered by a carousel. The MMRS demonstrated robust performance over 50-km traverse on rugged terrains. From MMRS data, igneous minerals, carbonates, sulfates and carbonaceous materials were unambiguously identified. Quantified distributions of major minerals and carbonaceous materials are extracted from MMRS results, which can be used to imply the regional geological evolution, and potential bioactivities. MMRS in the field performed as well as an LRS laboratory instrument when MMRS was focused satisfactorily. The discovery of stable γ-anhydrite, in large quantity (20% in a sample), in the Atacama soils raises an important question of its stability in the field in a natural environment that is worth further laboratory experimental investigation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Raman Spectroscopy is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL testing
KW  - RAMAN spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - Atacama Desert
KW  - Mars Micro-beam Raman Spectrometer
KW  - rover
KW  - soil
N1  - Accession Number: 110341442; Wei, Jie 1 Wang, Alian 1 Lambert, James L. 2 Wettergreen, David 3 Cabrol, Nathalie 4 Warren-Rhodes, Kimberley 4 Zacny, Kris 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  3: The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University  4: The SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, NASA Ames Research Center  5: HoneyBee Robotics and Spacecraft Mechanisms Corporation; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 46 Issue 10, p810; Subject Term: SOIL testing; Subject Term: RAMAN spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Micro-beam Raman Spectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: soil; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/jrs.4656
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110341442&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cicolani, Luigi
AU  - Ivler, Christina
AU  - Ott, Carl
AU  - Raz, Reuben
AU  - Rosen, Aviv
T1  - Rotational Stabilization of Cargo Container Slung Loads.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 60
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The stabilization of "difficult" loads that become aerodynamically unstable at airspeeds well below the power-limited speed of the helicopter-load configuration has been studied since the 1960s. This paper looks at the possibility of stabilizing slung loads in forward flight by imposing a slow steady rotation in yaw (spin stabilization). Slow rotations of 100-150 deg/s suffice to suppress the pendulum motions of the load. A swivel is required at the hook, and only a few foot-pounds of yaw moment are needed to overcome swivel friction and impose the desired yaw rate. The approach is limited to single-point suspensions. A stabilizer design consisting of a one-shaft anemometer-like device with hemispherical cups at the ends was developed in wind tunnel tests. The shaft angle can be controlled to vary the applied yaw moment and allow feedback regulation of the load yaw rate. Flight tests with two cargo containers demonstrated that a simple linear control law with fixed gains was effective in maintaining the desired yaw rate in forward flight over the range of configurations of the test loads. Wind tunnel data were obtained at all stages of the development and testing and proved to be an accurate source of design data and an accurate predictor of performance in flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Aerodynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
KW  - STABILITY of helicopters
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Cargo
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Speed
KW  - AIR speed
KW  - HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
N1  - Accession Number: 114811177; Cicolani, Luigi 1,2; Email Address: luigi.s.cicolani.ctr@mail.mil Ivler, Christina 3 Ott, Carl 3 Raz, Reuben 4 Rosen, Aviv 4; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, CA  2: Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  3: U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Moffett Field, CA  4: Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 60 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Aerodynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; Subject Term: STABILITY of helicopters; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Cargo; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Speed; Subject Term: AIR speed; Subject Term: HELICOPTERS -- Flight testing; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.60.042006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114811177&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer
T1  - Christopher D. Lloyd: Exploring Spatial Scale in Geography.
JO  - Mathematical Geosciences
JF  - Mathematical Geosciences
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 47
IS  - 7
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 885
EP  - 887
SN  - 18748961
KW  - GEOGRAPHY
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - LLOYD, Christopher D.
KW  - EXPLORING Spatial Scale in Geography (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 109016049; Dungan, Jennifer 1; Email Address: Jennifer.L.Dungan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 47 Issue 7, p885; Subject Term: GEOGRAPHY; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: EXPLORING Spatial Scale in Geography (Book); People: LLOYD, Christopher D.; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.1007/s11004-015-9608-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109016049&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - LaCourse, Daryll M.
AU  - Jek, Kian J.
AU  - Jacobs, Thomas L.
AU  - Winarski, Troy
AU  - Boyajian, Tabetha S.
AU  - Rappaport, Saul A.
AU  - Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto
AU  - Conroy, Kyle E.
AU  - Nelson, Lorne
AU  - Barclay, Tom
AU  - Fischer, Debra A.
AU  - Schmitt, Joseph R.
AU  - Ji Wang
AU  - Stassun, Keivan G.
AU  - Pepper, Joshua
AU  - Coughlin, Jeffrey L.
AU  - Shporer, Avi
AU  - Prša, Andrej
T1  - Kepler eclipsing binary stars - VI. Identification of eclipsing binaries in the K2 Campaign 0 data set.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/10//10/1/2015
VL  - 452
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3561
EP  - 3592
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The original Kepler mission observed and characterized over 2400 eclipsing binaries (EBs) in addition to its prolific exoplanet detections. Despite the mechanical malfunction and subsequent non-recovery of two reaction wheels used to stabilize the instrument, the Kepler satellite continues collecting data in its repurposed K2 mission surveying a series of fields along the ecliptic plane. Here, we present an analysis of the first full baseline K2 data release: the Campaign 0 data set. In the 7761 light curves we have identified a total of 207 EBs. Of these, 97 are new discoveries that were not previously identified. Our pixel-level analysis of these objects has also resulted in identification of several false positives (observed targets contaminated by neighbouring EBs), as well as the serendipitous discovery of two short-period exoplanet candidates. We provide catalogue cross-matched source identifications, orbital periods, morphologies and ephemerides for these eclipsing systems. We also describe the incorporation of the K2 sample into the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog,5 present spectroscopic follow-up observations for a limited selection of nine systems and discuss prospects for upcoming K2 campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: statistics
KW  - techniques: photometric-binaries: eclipsing-stars: fundamental parametersstars: general
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110278249; LaCourse, Daryll M.; Email Address: daryll.lacourse@gmail.com Jek, Kian J. Jacobs, Thomas L. Winarski, Troy Boyajian, Tabetha S. 1; Email Address: tabetha.boyajian@yale.edu Rappaport, Saul A. 2 Sanchis-Ojeda, Roberto 2 Conroy, Kyle E. 3 Nelson, Lorne 4 Barclay, Tom 5 Fischer, Debra A. 1 Schmitt, Joseph R. 1 Ji Wang 1 Stassun, Keivan G. 3,6 Pepper, Joshua 7 Coughlin, Jeffrey L. 8 Shporer, Avi 9 Prša, Andrej 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  2: Department of Physics, Kavli Institute, Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 1807, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  4: Department of Physics, Bishop's University, 2600 College St., Sherbrooke, QC J1M1Z7, Canada  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Physics, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA  7: Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA  8: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  10: Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences, Villanova University, 800 E Lancaster Ave, Villanova, PA 19085, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2015, Vol. 452 Issue 4, p3561; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric-binaries: eclipsing-stars: fundamental parametersstars: general; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv1475
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khavaran, A.
T1  - JET SURFACE INTERACTION - SCRUBBING NOISE IN A TRANSVERSELY SHEARED MEAN FLOW.
JO  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
JF  - Noise & Vibration Bulletin
Y1  - 2015/10//
M3  - Article
SP  - 266
EP  - 267
SN  - 00290974
AB  - The article presents a study on sound generation due to scrubbing of a jet flow past a nearby solid surface and which excludes the scattered noise component that is produced at the leading or the trailing edge with propagation of sound.
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences)
KW  - ACOUSTIC wave propagation
N1  - Accession Number: 111113527; Khavaran, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, p266; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences); Subject Term: ACOUSTIC wave propagation; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chiachío, Juan
AU  - Chiachío, Manuel
AU  - Sankararaman, Shankar
AU  - Saxena, Abhinav
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - Condition-based prediction of time-dependent reliability in composites.
JO  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
JF  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 142
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 147
SN  - 09518320
AB  - This paper presents a reliability-based prediction methodology to obtain the remaining useful life of composite materials subjected to fatigue degradation. Degradation phenomena such as stiffness reduction and increase in matrix micro-cracks density are sequentially estimated through a Bayesian filtering framework that incorporates information from both multi-scale damage models and damage measurements, that are sequentially collected along the process. A set of damage states are further propagated forward in time by simulating the damage progression using the models in the absence of new damage measurements to estimate the time-dependent reliability of the composite material. As a key contribution, the estimation of the remaining useful life is obtained as a probability from the prediction of the time-dependent reliability, whose validity is formally proven using the axioms of Probability Logic. A case study is presented using multi-scale fatigue damage data from a cross-ply carbon-epoxy laminate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Reliability Engineering & System Safety is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SEQUENTIAL analysis
KW  - STIFFNESS (Engineering)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - MICROCRACKS
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Composites
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Model-based prognostics
KW  - Time-dependent reliability
N1  - Accession Number: 108552062; Chiachío, Juan 1; Email Address: jchiachio@ugr.es Chiachío, Manuel 1 Sankararaman, Shankar 2 Saxena, Abhinav 2 Goebel, Kai 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Structural Mechanics and Hydraulic Engineering, University of Granada, Spain  2: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Intelligent Systems Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 142, p134; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SEQUENTIAL analysis; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Engineering); Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: MICROCRACKS; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-based prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-dependent reliability; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ress.2015.04.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colgan, William
AU  - Abdalati, Waleed
AU  - Citterio, Michele
AU  - Csatho, Beata
AU  - Fettweis, Xavier
AU  - Luthcke, Scott
AU  - Moholdt, Geir
AU  - Simonsen, Sebastian B.
AU  - Stober, Manfred
T1  - Hybrid glacier Inventory, Gravimetry and Altimetry (HIGA) mass balance product for Greenland and the Canadian Arctic.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 168
M3  - Article
SP  - 24
EP  - 39
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present a novel inversion algorithm that generates a mass balance field that is simultaneously consistent with independent observations of glacier inventory derived from optical imagery, cryosphere-attributed mass trends derived from satellite gravimetry, and ice surface elevation trends derived from airborne and satellite altimetry. We use this algorithm to assess mass balance across Greenland and the Canadian Arctic over the Sep-2003 to Oct-2009 period at 26 km resolution. We evaluate local algorithm-inferred mass balance against forty in situ point observations. This evaluation yields an RMSE of 0.15 mWE/a, and highlights a paucity of in situ observations from regions of high dynamic mass loss and peripheral glaciers. We assess mass losses of 212 ± 67 Gt/a to the Greenland ice sheet proper, 38 ± 11 Gt/a to peripheral glaciers in Greenland, and 42 ± 11 Gt/a to glaciers in the Canadian Arctic. These magnitudes of mass loss are dependent on the gravimetry-derived spherical harmonic mass trend we invert. We spatially partition the transient glacier continuity equation by differencing algorithm-inferred mass balance from modeled surface mass balance, in order to solve the horizontal divergence of ice flux as a residual. This residual ice dynamic field infers flux divergence (or submergent flow) in the ice sheet accumulation area and at tidewater margins, and flux convergence (or emergent flow) in land-terminating ablation areas, which is consistent with continuum mechanics theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GLACIERS
KW  - MASS budget (Geophysics)
KW  - GRAVIMETRY
KW  - ALTIMETRY
KW  - GREENLAND
KW  - NORTHERN Canada
KW  - Altimetry
KW  - Canada
KW  - Glacier
KW  - Gravimetry
KW  - Greenland
KW  - Ice sheet
KW  - Mass balance
N1  - Accession Number: 109239314; Colgan, William 1,2 Abdalati, Waleed 2 Citterio, Michele 1 Csatho, Beata 3 Fettweis, Xavier 4 Luthcke, Scott 5 Moholdt, Geir 6,7 Simonsen, Sebastian B. 8 Stober, Manfred 9; Affiliation:  1: Marine Geology and Glaciology, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Copenhagen, Denmark  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  3: Department of Geology, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA  4: Department of Geography, University of Liége, Liége, Belgium  5: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  6: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA  7: Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Center, Tromsø, Norway  8: Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark  9: Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart, Germany; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 168, p24; Subject Term: GLACIERS; Subject Term: MASS budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: GRAVIMETRY; Subject Term: ALTIMETRY; Subject Term: GREENLAND; Subject Term: NORTHERN Canada; Author-Supplied Keyword: Altimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canada; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glacier; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravimetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenland; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice sheet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass balance; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.06.016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - K C Kragh-Buetow
AU  - R S Okojie
AU  - D Lukco
AU  - S E Mohney
T1  - Characterization of tungsten–nickel simultaneous Ohmic contacts to p- and n-type 4H-SiC.
JO  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
JF  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 30
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 02681242
AB  - Ohmic contacts to p- and n-type 4H-SiC using refractory alloyed W:Ni thin films were investigated. Transfer length measurement test structures to p-type 4H-SiC (NA = 3 × 1020 cm−3) revealed Ohmic contacts with specific contact resistances, ρc, of ∼10−5 Ω cm2 after 0.5 h annealing in argon at temperatures of 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1150 °C, and 1200 °C. Contacts fabricated on n-type 4H-SiC (ND = 2 × 1019 cm−3) by similar methods were shown to have similar specific contact resistance values after annealing, demonstrating simultaneous Ohmic contact formation for W:Ni alloys on 4H-SiC. The lowest ρc values were (7.3 ± 0.9) × 10−6 Ω cm2 for p-SiC and (6.8 ± 3.1) × 10−6 Ω cm2 for n-SiC after annealing at 1150 °C. X-ray diffraction shows a cubic tungsten–nickel–carbide phase in the Ohmic contacts after annealing as well as WC after higher temperatures. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles support the presence of metal carbide regions above a nickel and silicon-rich region near the interface. X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy mapping showed tungsten-rich and nickel-rich regions after annealing at 1100 °C and above. W:Ni alloys show promise as simultaneous Ohmic contacts to p- and n-SiC, offering low and comparable ρc values along with the formation of WxNiyC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Semiconductor Science & Technology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THIN films -- Electric properties
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - TUNGSTEN alloys
KW  - CARBIDES
KW  - NICKEL alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 109574129; K C Kragh-Buetow 1 R S Okojie 2 D Lukco 3 S E Mohney 1; Email Address: sem2@psu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA  3: Vantage Partners, LLC, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 30 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: THIN films -- Electric properties; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: TUNGSTEN alloys; Subject Term: CARBIDES; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0268-1242/30/10/105019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Belikov, Ruslan
AU  - Bendek, Eduardo
T1  - The Next Blue Dot.
JO  - Sky & Telescope
JF  - Sky & Telescope
Y1  - 2015/10//
VL  - 130
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 16
EP  - 23
SN  - 00376604
AB  - The article reports developments in the efforts by astronomers as of October 2015 to discover alien Earths, as well as extraterrestrial life in the solar system. Also cited are the Earth-sized planets discovered by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Kepler mission, the indirect methods to determine the Earth-like planets like transit photometry, as well as the observable characteristics of Earth-like planets like an orbit in the star's habitable zone.
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL life
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings
KW  - DISCOVERIES in science
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 109102282; Belikov, Ruslan 1 Bendek, Eduardo 1; Affiliation:  1: Scientists, NASA's Ames Research Center; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 130 Issue 4, p16; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL life; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL beings; Subject Term: DISCOVERIES in science; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Macintosh, B.
AU  - Graham, J. R.
AU  - Barman, T.
AU  - De Rosa, R. J.
AU  - Konopacky, Q.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Marois, C.
AU  - Nielsen, E. L.
AU  - Pueyo, L.
AU  - Rajan, A.
AU  - Rameau, J.
AU  - Saumon, D.
AU  - Wang, J. J.
AU  - Patience, J.
AU  - Ammons, M.
AU  - Arriaga, P.
AU  - Artigau, E.
AU  - Beckwith, S.
AU  - Brewster, J.
AU  - Bruzzone, S.
T1  - Discovery and spectroscopy of the young jovian planet 51 Eri b with the Gemini Planet Imager.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/10/02/
VL  - 350
IS  - 6256
M3  - Article
SP  - 64
EP  - 87
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Directly detecting thermal emission from young extrasolar planets allows measurement of their atmospheric compositions and luminosities, which are influenced by their formation mechanisms. Using the Gemini Planet Imager, we discovered a planet orbiting the ~20-million-year-old star 51 Eridani at a projected separation of 13 astronomical units. Near-infrared observations show a spectrum with strong methane and water-vapor absorption. Modeling of the spectra and photometry yields a luminosity (normalized by the luminosity of the Sun) of 1.6 to 4.0 x 10-6 and an effective temperature of 600 to 750 kelvin. For this age and luminosity, "hot-start" formation models indicate a mass twice that of Jupiter. This planet also has a sufficiently low luminosity to be consistent with the "cold-start" core-accretion process that may have formed Jupiter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
N1  - Accession Number: 110105378; Macintosh, B. 1,2; Email Address: bmacintosh@stanford.edu Graham, J. R. 3 Barman, T. 4 De Rosa, R. J. 3 Konopacky, Q. 5 Marley, M. S. 6 Marois, C. 7,8 Nielsen, E. L. 1,9 Pueyo, L. 10 Rajan, A. 11 Rameau, J. 12 Saumon, D. 13 Wang, J. J. 3 Patience, J. 11 Ammons, M. 2 Arriaga, P. 14 Artigau, E. 12 Beckwith, S. 3 Brewster, J. 9 Bruzzone, S. 15; Affiliation:  1: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94040, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, British Columbia V9E 2E7, Canada  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P 5C2, Canada  9: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Carl Sagan Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  10: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  11: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Post Office Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  12: Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes, Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada  13: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Post Office Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California-Los Angeles, 430 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  15: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada; Source Info: 10/2/2015, Vol. 350 Issue 6256, p64; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aac5891
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liao, Yunlong
AU  - Tu, Kaixiong
AU  - Han, Xiaogang
AU  - Hu, Liangbing
AU  - Connell, John W.
AU  - Chen, Zhongfang
AU  - Lin, Yi
T1  - Oxidative Etching of Hexagonal Boron Nitride Toward Nanosheets with Defined Edges and Holes.
JO  - Scientific Reports
JF  - Scientific Reports
Y1  - 2015/10/02/
M3  - Article
SP  - 14510
SN  - 20452322
AB  - Lateral surface etching of two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets results in holey 2D nanosheets that have abundant edge atoms. Recent reports on holey graphene showed that holey 2D nanosheets can outperform their intact counterparts in many potential applications such as energy storage, catalysis, sensing, transistors, and molecular transport/separation. From both fundamental and application perspectives, it is desirable to obtain holey 2D nanosheets with defined hole morphology and hole edge structures. This remains a great challenge for graphene and is little explored for other 2D nanomaterials. Here, a facile, controllable, and scalable method is reported to carve geometrically defined pit/hole shapes and edges on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) basal plane surfaces via oxidative etching in air using silver nanoparticles as catalysts. The etched h-BN was further purified and exfoliated into nanosheets that inherited the hole/edge structural motifs and, under certain conditions, possess altered optical bandgap properties likely induced by the enriched zigzag edge atoms. This method opens up an exciting approach to further explore the physical and chemical properties of hole- and edge-enriched boron nitride and other 2D nanosheets, paving the way toward applications that can take advantage of their unique structures and performance characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATOMS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials -- Research
KW  - SILVER nanoparticles
KW  - CATALYSTS
N1  - Accession Number: 110141686; Liao, Yunlong Tu, Kaixiong 1 Han, Xiaogang 2 Hu, Liangbing 2 Connell, John W. 3 Chen, Zhongfang 1 Lin, Yi; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00931, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA  3: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: 10/2/2015, p14510; Subject Term: ATOMS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials -- Research; Subject Term: SILVER nanoparticles; Subject Term: CATALYSTS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/srep14510
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David P.  Summers
AU  - David  Rodoni
T1  - Vesicle Encapsulation of a Nonbiological PhotochemicalSystem Capable of Reducing NAD+to NADH.
JO  - Langmuir
JF  - Langmuir
Y1  - 2015/10/06/
VL  - 31
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 10633
EP  - 10637
SN  - 07437463
AB  - One of the fundamental structuresof a cell is the membrane. Self-assemblinglipid bilayer vesicles can form the membrane of an artificial celland could also have plausibly assembled prebiotically for the originof life. Such cell-like structures, that encapsulate some basic subsetof the functions of living cells, are important for research to inferthe minimum chemistry necessary for a cell, to help understand theorigin of life, and to allow the production of useful species in microscopiccontainers. We show that the encapsulation of TiO2particleshas the potential to provide the basis for an energy transductionsystem inside vesicles which can be used to drive subsequent chemistry.TiO2encapsulated in vesicles can be used to produce biochemicalspecies such as NADH. The NADH is formed from NAD+reductionand is produced in a form that is able to drive further enzymaticchemistry. This allows us to link a mineral-based, nonbiological photosystemto biochemical reactions. This is a fundamental step toward beingable to use this mineral photosystem in a protocell/artificial cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Langmuir is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR self-assembly
KW  - BILAYER lipid membranes
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - NAD (Coenzyme)
KW  - MOLECULAR structure
KW  - MICROENCAPSULATION
KW  - VESICLES (Cytology)
N1  - Accession Number: 110163496; David P.  Summers 1 David  Rodoni 1; Affiliation:  1: †Carl Sagan Center,SETI Institute, c/o NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-4, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 31 Issue 39, p10633; Subject Term: MOLECULAR self-assembly; Subject Term: BILAYER lipid membranes; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: NAD (Coenzyme); Subject Term: MOLECULAR structure; Subject Term: MICROENCAPSULATION; Subject Term: VESICLES (Cytology); Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werneth, C.M.
AU  - Maung, K.M.
AU  - Ford, W.P.
T1  - Relativistic elastic differential cross sections for equal mass nuclei.
JO  - Physics Letters B
JF  - Physics Letters B
Y1  - 2015/10/07/
VL  - 749
M3  - Article
SP  - 331
EP  - 336
SN  - 03702693
AB  - The effects of relativistic kinematics are studied for nuclear collisions of equal mass nuclei. It is found that the relativistic and non-relativistic elastic scattering amplitudes are nearly indistinguishable, and, hence, the relativistic and non-relativistic differential cross sections become indistinguishable. These results are explained by analyzing the Lippmann–Schwinger equation with the first order optical potential that was employed in the calculation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics Letters B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RELATIVISTIC kinematics
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL cross sections
KW  - ATOMIC mass
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - ELASTIC scattering
KW  - NUCLEAR optical potentials
KW  - Elastic differential cross section
KW  - Lippmann–Schwinger equation
KW  - Relativistic kinematics
N1  - Accession Number: 109356938; Werneth, C.M. 1; Email Address: charles.m.werneth@nasa.gov Maung, K.M. 2 Ford, W.P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 2 West Reid Street, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Drive, Box 5046, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, United States; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 749, p331; Subject Term: RELATIVISTIC kinematics; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL cross sections; Subject Term: ATOMIC mass; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: ELASTIC scattering; Subject Term: NUCLEAR optical potentials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic differential cross section; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lippmann–Schwinger equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relativistic kinematics; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.physletb.2015.08.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christopher E. Henze
AU  - Michael R. Haas
AU  - Fergal Mullally
AU  - Christopher J. Burke
AU  - Susan E. Thompson
AU  - Jeff Coughlin
AU  - Jessie L. Christiansen
T1  - A MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE TO IDENTIFY TRANSIT SHAPED SIGNALS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10/10/
VL  - 812
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We describe a new metric that uses machine learning to determine if a periodic signal found in a photometric time series appears to be shaped like the signature of a transiting exoplanet. This metric uses dimensionality reduction and k-nearest neighbors to determine whether a given signal is sufficiently similar to known transits in the same data set. This metric is being used by the Kepler Robovetter to determine which signals should be part of the Q1–Q17 DR24 catalog of planetary candidates. The Kepler Mission reports roughly 20,000 potential transiting signals with each run of its pipeline, yet only a few thousand appear to be sufficiently transit shaped to be part of the catalog. The other signals tend to be variable stars and instrumental noise. With this metric, we are able to remove more than 90% of the non-transiting signals while retaining more than 99% of the known planet candidates. When tested with injected transits, less than 1% are lost. This metric will enable the Kepler mission and future missions looking for transiting planets to rapidly and consistently find the best planetary candidates for follow-up and cataloging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110440051; Christopher E. Henze 1 Michael R. Haas 1 Fergal Mullally 1,2 Christopher J. Burke 1,2 Susan E. Thompson 1,2,3 Jeff Coughlin 2 Jessie L. Christiansen 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: a.k.a. Susan E. Mullally.  4: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, M/S 100-22, 770 S. Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA; Source Info: 10/10/2015, Vol. 812 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/46
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110440051&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Rho
AU  - J. W. Hewitt
AU  - A. Boogert
AU  - M. Kaufman
AU  - A. Gusdorf
T1  - DETECTION OF EXTREMELY BROAD WATER EMISSION FROM THE MOLECULAR CLOUD INTERACTING SUPERNOVA REMNANT G349.7+0.2.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10/10/
VL  - 812
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We performed Herschel HIFI, PACS, and SPIRE observations toward the molecular cloud interacting supernova remnant G349.7+0.2. An extremely broad emission line was detected at 557 GHz from the ground state transition 110-101 of ortho-water. This water line can be separated into three velocity components with widths of 144, 27, and 4 km s−1. The 144 km s−1 component is the broadest water line detected to date in the literature. This extremely broad line width shows the importance of probing shock dynamics. PACS observations revealed three additional ortho-water lines, as well as numerous high-J carbon monoxide (CO) lines. No para-water lines were detected. The extremely broad water line is indicative of a high velocity shock, which is supported by the observed CO rotational diagram that was reproduced with a J-shock model with a density of 104 cm−3 and a shock velocity of 80 km s−1. Two far-infrared fine-structure lines, [O i] at 145 μm and [C ii] line at 157 μm, are also consistent with the high velocity J-shock model. The extremely broad water line could be simply from short-lived molecules that have not been destroyed in high velocity J-shocks; however, it may be from more complicated geometry such as high-velocity water bullets or a shell expanding in high velocity. We estimate the CO and H2O densities, column densities, and temperatures by comparison with RADEX and detailed shock models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - EMISSION-line galaxies
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - WATER
KW  - CARBON monoxide
N1  - Accession Number: 110439993; J. Rho 1,2 J. W. Hewitt 3,4 A. Boogert 5 M. Kaufman 6 A. Gusdorf 7; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 211-1, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA  3: CRESST/University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  7: LERMA, UMR 8112 du CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, École Normale Suprieure, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France; Source Info: 10/10/2015, Vol. 812 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: EMISSION-line galaxies; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/44
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tiffany Jansen
AU  - Brianna Lacy
AU  - Eric Agol
AU  - Victoria Meadows
AU  - Tyler D. Robinson
T1  - THE CENTER OF LIGHT: SPECTROASTROMETRIC DETECTION OF EXOMOONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10/10/
VL  - 812
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Direct imaging of extrasolar planets with future space-based coronagraphic telescopes may provide a means of detecting companion moons at wavelengths where the moon outshines the planet. We propose a detection strategy based on the positional variation of the center of light with wavelength, “spectroastrometry.” This new application of this technique could be used to detect an exomoon, to determine the exomoon’s orbit and the mass of the host exoplanet, and to disentangle the spectra of the planet and moon. We consider two model systems, for which we discuss the requirements for detection of exomoons around nearby stars. We simulate the characterization of an Earth–Moon analog system with spectroastrometry, showing that the orbit, the planet mass, and the spectra of both bodies can be recovered. To enable the detection and characterization of exomoons we recommend that coronagraphic telescopes should extend in wavelength coverage to 3 μm, and should be designed with spectroastrometric requirements in mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SPECTRAL imaging
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - PLANETS -- Masses
N1  - Accession Number: 110439986; Tiffany Jansen 1 Brianna Lacy 1 Eric Agol 1,2,3 Victoria Meadows 1,2,3 Tyler D. Robinson 1,2,4; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  3: University of Washington Astrobiology Program.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/10/2015, Vol. 812 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SPECTRAL imaging; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets -- Detection; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Masses; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/1/5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Desai, Ankur R.
AU  - Xu, Ke
AU  - Tian, Hanqin
AU  - Weishampel, Peter
AU  - Thom, Jonathan
AU  - Baumann, Dan
AU  - Andrews, Arlyn E.
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - King, Jennifer Y.
AU  - Kolka, Randall
T1  - Corrigendum to “Landscape-level terrestrial methane flux observed from a very tall tower” Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Volume 201(2015), 61-75.
JO  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
JF  - Agricultural & Forest Meteorology
Y1  - 2015/10/15/
VL  - 211
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 01681923
KW  - ERRATA (Publishing)
KW  - LITERARY errors & blunders
KW  - LANDSCAPES
KW  - METHANE
KW  - FOREST meteorology
KW  - AGRICULTURAL meteorology
N1  - Accession Number: 103653692; Desai, Ankur R. 1; Email Address: desai@aos.wisc.edu Xu, Ke 1 Tian, Hanqin 2 Weishampel, Peter 3 Thom, Jonathan 1 Baumann, Dan 4 Andrews, Arlyn E. 5 Cook, Bruce D. 6 King, Jennifer Y. 7 Kolka, Randall 8; Affiliation:  1: Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA  2: International Center for Climate and Global Change Research, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  3: Great Lakes Domain, National Ecological Observatory Network, Inc. Land O Lakes, WI, USA  4: Wisconsin Water Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Rhinelander, WI, USA  5: Earth Systems Research Lab National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA  6: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  7: Department of Geography, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA  8: USDA Forest Service Northern Research Station, Grand Rapids, MN, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 211, p1; Subject Term: ERRATA (Publishing); Subject Term: LITERARY errors & blunders; Subject Term: LANDSCAPES; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: FOREST meteorology; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL meteorology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.05.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jagodnik, Kathleen M.
AU  - Blana, Dimitra
AU  - van den Bogert, Antonie J.
AU  - Kirsch, Robert F.
T1  - An optimized proportional-derivative controller for the human upper extremity with gravity.
JO  - Journal of Biomechanics
JF  - Journal of Biomechanics
Y1  - 2015/10/15/
VL  - 48
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 3701
EP  - 3709
SN  - 00219290
AB  - When Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) is used to restore movement in subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI), muscle stimulation patterns should be selected to generate accurate and efficient movements. Ideally, the controller for such a neuroprosthesis will have the simplest architecture possible, to facilitate translation into a clinical setting. In this study, we used the simulated annealing algorithm to optimize two proportional-derivative (PD) feedback controller gain sets for a 3-dimensional arm model that includes musculoskeletal dynamics and has 5 degrees of freedom and 22 muscles, performing goal-oriented reaching movements. Controller gains were optimized by minimizing a weighted sum of position errors, orientation errors, and muscle activations. After optimization, gain performance was evaluated on the basis of accuracy and efficiency of reaching movements, along with three other benchmark gain sets not optimized for our system, on a large set of dynamic reaching movements for which the controllers had not been optimized, to test ability to generalize. Robustness in the presence of weakened muscles was also tested. The two optimized gain sets were found to have very similar performance to each other on all metrics, and to exhibit significantly better accuracy, compared with the three standard gain sets. All gain sets investigated used physiologically acceptable amounts of muscular activation. It was concluded that optimization can yield significant improvements in controller performance while still maintaining muscular efficiency, and that optimization should be considered as a strategy for future neuroprosthesis controller design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Biomechanics is the property of Elsevier Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PID controllers
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - ELECTRIC stimulation
KW  - SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries
KW  - FEEDBACK control systems
KW  - Feedback control
KW  - Functional electrical stimulation
KW  - Human
KW  - Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Proportional-derivative
KW  - Upper extremity
N1  - Accession Number: 110254037; Jagodnik, Kathleen M. 1,2,3; Email Address: kmjagodnik@gmail.com Blana, Dimitra 4 van den Bogert, Antonie J. 1,5,6 Kirsch, Robert F. 1,7,8,9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States  2: Fluid Physics and Transport Processes Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  3: Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States  4: Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, UK  5: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Fenn College of Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, United States  6: Orchard Kinetics, LLC, Cleveland, OH, United States  7: Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  8: Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Administration Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  9: MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 48 Issue 13, p3701; Subject Term: PID controllers; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: ELECTRIC stimulation; Subject Term: SPINAL cord -- Wounds & injuries; Subject Term: FEEDBACK control systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feedback control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional electrical stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Human; Author-Supplied Keyword: Musculoskeletal modeling and simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proportional-derivative; Author-Supplied Keyword: Upper extremity; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.08.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110254037&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pientka, J. M.
AU  - Oszwałdowski, R.
AU  - Petukhov, A. G.
AU  - Han, J. E.
AU  - Žutić, Igor
T1  - Magnetic ordering in quantum dots: Open versus closed shells.
JO  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
JF  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
Y1  - 2015/10/15/
VL  - 92
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 10980121
AB  - In magnetically doped quantum dots, changing the carrier occupancy from open to closed shells leads to qualitatively different forms of carrier-mediated magnetic ordering. While it is common to study such nanoscale magnets within a mean-field approximation, excluding the spin fluctuations can mask important phenomena and lead to spurious thermodynamic phase transitions in small magnetic systems. By employing coarse-grained, variational, and Monte Carlo methods on singly and doubly occupied quantum dots to include spin fluctuations, we evaluate the relevance of the mean-field description and distinguish different finite-size scaling in nanoscale magnets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - DOPED semiconductors
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - MEAN field models (Statistical physics)
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 111213597; Pientka, J. M. 1,2 Oszwałdowski, R. 3 Petukhov, A. G. 3,4 Han, J. E. 2 Žutić, Igor 2; Email Address: zigor@buffalo.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, St. Bonaventure University, St. Bonaventure, New York 14778, USA  2: Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA  3: Department of Physics, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA  4: Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 92 Issue 15, p1; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: DOPED semiconductors; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: MEAN field models (Statistical physics); Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.155402
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fine, Rebekka
AU  - Miller, Matthieu B.
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Gustin, Mae Sexauer
T1  - Investigating the influence of long-range transport on surface O3 in Nevada, USA, using observations from multiple measurement platforms.
JO  - Science of the Total Environment
JF  - Science of the Total Environment
Y1  - 2015/10/15/
VL  - 530
M3  - Article
SP  - 493
EP  - 504
SN  - 00489697
AB  - The current United States (US) National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for O 3 (75 ppb) is expected to be revised to between 60 and 70 ppb. As the NAAQS becomes more stringent, characterizing the extent of O 3 and precursors transported into the US is increasingly important. Given the high elevation, complex terrain, and location in the Intermountain West, the State of Nevada is ideally situated to intercept air transported into the US. Until recently, measurements of O 3 and associated pollutants were limited to areas in and around the cities of Las Vegas and Reno. In 2011, the Nevada Rural Ozone Initiative began and through this project 13 surface monitoring sites were established. Also in 2011, the NASA Ames Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) began making routine aircraft measurements of O 3 and other greenhouse gases in Nevada. The availability of aircraft and surface measurements in a relatively rural, remote setting in the Intermountain West presented a unique opportunity to investigate sources contributing to the O 3 observed in Nevada. Our analyses indicate that stratosphere to troposphere transport, long-range transport of Asian pollution, and regional emissions from urban areas and wildfires influence surface observations. The complexity of sources identified here along with the fact that O 3 frequently approaches the threshold being considered for a revised NAAQS indicate that interstate and international cooperation will be necessary to achieve compliance with a more stringent regulatory standard. Further, on a seasonal basis we found no significant difference between daily 1-h maximum O 3 at surface sites, which ranged in elevation from 888 to 2307 m, and aircraft measurements of O 3 < 2500 m which suggests that similar processes influence daytime O 3 across rural Nevada and indicates that column measurements from Railroad Valley, NV are useful in understanding these processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - POLLUTANTS
KW  - METROPOLITAN areas
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - NEVADA
KW  - Asian pollution
KW  - Back trajectory
KW  - Stratosphere to troposphere transport
N1  - Accession Number: 103425716; Fine, Rebekka 1; Email Address: rebekkafine@gmail.com Miller, Matthieu B. 1 Yates, Emma L. 2 Iraci, Laura T. 2 Gustin, Mae Sexauer 1; Email Address: mgustin@cabnr.unr.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, USA  2: Atmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 530, p493; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: POLLUTANTS; Subject Term: METROPOLITAN areas; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: NEVADA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asian pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Back trajectory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratosphere to troposphere transport; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.03.125
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=103425716&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmitt, Michael P.
AU  - Rai, Amarendra K.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Dorfman, Mitchell R.
AU  - Wolfe, Douglas E.
T1  - Thermal conductivity and erosion durability of composite two-phase air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2015/10/15/
VL  - 279
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 52
SN  - 02578972
AB  - To enhance efficiency of gas turbines, new thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) must be designed which improve upon the thermal stability limit of 7 wt.% yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ), ~ 1200 °C. This tenant has led to the development of new TBC materials and microstructures capable of improved high temperature performance. This study focused on increasing the erosion durability of cubic zirconia based TBCs, traditionally less durable than the metastable t′ zirconia based TBCs. Composite TBC microstructures composed of a low thermal conductivity/high temperature stable cubic Low-k matrix phase and a durable t′ Low-k secondary phase were deposited via APS. Monolithic coatings composed of cubic Low-k and t′ Low-k were also deposited, in addition to a 7YSZ benchmark. The thermal conductivity and erosion durability were then measured and it was found that both of the Low-k materials have significantly reduced thermal conductivities, with monolithic t′ Low-k and cubic Low-k improving upon 7YSZ by ~ 13% and ~ 25%, respectively. The 40 wt.% t′ Low-k composite (40 wt.% t′ Low-k — 60 wt.% cubic Low-k) showed a ~ 22% reduction in thermal conductivity over 7YSZ, indicating even at high levels, the t′ Low-k secondary phase had a minimal impact on thermal conductivity in the composite coating. It was observed that a mere 20 wt.% t′ Low-k phase addition can reduce the erosion of a cubic Low-k matrix phase composite coating by over 37%. Various mixing rules were then investigated to assess this non-linear composite behavior and suggestions were made to further improve erosion durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - PLASMA sprayed coatings
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - YTTRIA stabilized zirconium oxide -- Thermal properties
KW  - Air plasma spray
KW  - Composite
KW  - Erosion
KW  - Low-k
KW  - Rare earth zirconia
KW  - Thermal barrier coating (TBC)
N1  - Accession Number: 109493343; Schmitt, Michael P. 1,2 Rai, Amarendra K. 3 Zhu, Dongming 4 Dorfman, Mitchell R. 5 Wolfe, Douglas E. 1,2,6; Email Address: dew125@arl.psu.edu; Affiliation:  1: The Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  3: UES Inc., 4401 Dayton-Xenia Road, Dayton, OH 45432, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: Oerlikon Metco (US) Inc., 1101 Prospect Avenue, Westbury, NY 11590, USA  6: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 279, p44; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: PLASMA sprayed coatings; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Subject Term: YTTRIA stabilized zirconium oxide -- Thermal properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air plasma spray; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low-k; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rare earth zirconia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coating (TBC); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.08.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Obafunso A Ajayi
AU  - Daniel H Guitierrez
AU  - David Peaslee
AU  - Arthur Cheng
AU  - Theodore Gao
AU  - Chee Wei Wong
AU  - Bin Chen
T1  - Electrophoretically deposited graphene oxide and carbon nanotube composite for electrochemical capacitors.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2015/10/16/
VL  - 26
IS  - 41
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - We report a scalable one-step electrode fabrication approach for synthesizing composite carbon-based supercapacitors with synergistic outcomes. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully integrated into our modified electrophoretic deposition process to directly form composite MWCNT–GO electrochemical capacitor electrodes (where GO is graphene oxide) with superior performance to solely GO electrodes. The measured capacitance improved threefold, reaching a maximum specific capacitance of 231 F g−1. Upon thermal reduction, MWCNT–GO electrode sheet resistance decreased by a factor of 8, significantly greater than the 2× decrease of those without MWCNTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERCAPACITORS -- Performance
KW  - MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes
KW  - ELECTROPHORETIC deposition
KW  - GRAPHENE oxide
KW  - ELECTRIC capacity
N1  - Accession Number: 109965451; Obafunso A Ajayi 1,2 Daniel H Guitierrez 3 David Peaslee 4 Arthur Cheng 5 Theodore Gao 6 Chee Wei Wong 1,7 Bin Chen 5; Email Address: bin-chen1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA  2: This research was performed while Ajayi was at NASA Ames Research Center.  3: Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA  4: Center for Nanoscience and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-St, Louis, St Louis, MO 63121, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA  7: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90094, USA; Source Info: 10/16/2015, Vol. 26 Issue 41, p1; Subject Term: SUPERCAPACITORS -- Performance; Subject Term: MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes; Subject Term: ELECTROPHORETIC deposition; Subject Term: GRAPHENE oxide; Subject Term: ELECTRIC capacity; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0957-4484/26/41/415203
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Bagenal, F.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Gladstone, G. R.
AU  - Grundy, W. M.
AU  - McKinnon, W. B.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Young, L. A.
AU  - Andert, T.
AU  - Andrews, J.
AU  - Banks, M.
AU  - Bauer, B.
AU  - Bauman, J.
AU  - Barnouin, O. S.
AU  - Bedini, P.
AU  - Beisser, K.
AU  - Beyer, R. A.
T1  - The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/10/16/
VL  - 350
IS  - 6258
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The article offers a summary to a study published in the issue on the exploration of the dwarf planet Pluto by the spacecraft New Horizons, including Pluto's moon Charon. An overview of Pluto's surface, including its colors, terrain ages, geology, diverse landforms and surface ice conditions, is provided.
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - PLANETS -- Exploration
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - PLANETARY landforms
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110414211; Stern, S. A. 1; Email Address: astern@boulder.swri.edu Bagenal, F. 2 Ennico, K. 3 Gladstone, G. R. 4 Grundy, W. M. 5 McKinnon, W. B. 6 Moore, J. M. 3 Olkin, C. B. 1 Spencer, J. R. 1 Weaver, H. A. 7 Young, L. A. 1 Andert, T. 8 Andrews, J. 1 Banks, M. 9 Bauer, B. 7 Bauman, J. 10 Barnouin, O. S. 7 Bedini, P. 7 Beisser, K. 7 Beyer, R. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 28510, USA  5: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  7: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  8: Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg 85577, Germany  9: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  10: KinetX Aerospace, Tempe, AZ 85284, USA; Source Info: 10/16/2015, Vol. 350 Issue 6258, p1; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: PLANETS -- Exploration; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: PLANETARY landforms; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad1815
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christopher K. Materese
AU  - Dale P. Cruikshank
AU  - Scott A. Sandford
AU  - Hiroshi Imanaka
AU  - Michel Nuevo
T1  - ICE CHEMISTRY ON OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES: ELECTRON RADIOLYSIS OF N2-, CH4-, AND CO-CONTAINING ICES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10/20/
VL  - 812
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Radiation processing of the surface ices of outer Solar System bodies may be an important process for the production of complex chemical species. The refractory materials resulting from radiation processing of known ices are thought to impart to them a red or brown color, as perceived in the visible spectral region. In this work, we analyzed the refractory materials produced from the 1.2-keV electron bombardment of low-temperature N2-, CH4-, and CO-containing ices (100:1:1), which simulates the radiation from the secondary electrons produced by cosmic ray bombardment of the surface ices of Pluto. Despite starting with extremely simple ices dominated by N2, electron irradiation processing results in the production of refractory material with complex oxygen- and nitrogen-bearing organic molecules. These refractory materials were studied at room temperature using multiple analytical techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Infrared spectra of the refractory material suggest the presence of alcohols, carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes, amines, and nitriles. XANES spectra of the material indicate the presence of carboxyl groups, amides, urea, and nitriles, and are thus consistent with the IR data. Atomic abundance ratios for the bulk composition of these residues from XANES analysis show that the organic residues are extremely N-rich, having ratios of N/C ∼ 0.9 and O/C ∼ 0.2. Finally, GC-MS data reveal that the residues contain urea as well as numerous carboxylic acids, some of which are of interest for prebiotic and biological chemistries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - RADIOLYSIS
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - ELECTRON bombardment conductivity
KW  - FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 110487404; Christopher K. Materese 1,2 Dale P. Cruikshank 1 Scott A. Sandford 1 Hiroshi Imanaka 1,3 Michel Nuevo 1,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, P.O. Box 117, MS 36, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0117, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Ave., Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St., Suite 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2015, Vol. 812 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: RADIOLYSIS; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: ELECTRON bombardment conductivity; Subject Term: FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/150
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Esther Buenzli
AU  - Mark. S. Marley
AU  - Dániel Apai
AU  - Didier Saumon
AU  - Beth A. Biller
AU  - Ian J. M. Crossfield
AU  - Jacqueline Radigan
T1  - CLOUD STRUCTURE OF THE NEAREST BROWN DWARFS. II. HIGH-AMPLITUDE VARIABILITY FOR LUHMAN 16 A AND B IN AND OUT OF THE 0.99 μm FeH FEATURE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10/20/
VL  - 812
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The re-emergence of the 0.99 μm FeH feature in brown dwarfs of early- to mid-T spectral type has been suggested as evidence for cloud disruption where flux from deep, hot regions below the Fe cloud deck can emerge. The same mechanism could account for color changes at the L/T transition and photometric variability. We present the first observations of spectroscopic variability of brown dwarfs covering the 0.99 μm FeH feature. We observed the spatially resolved very nearby brown dwarf binary WISE J104915.57–531906.1 (Luhman 16AB), a late-L and early-T dwarf, with Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 in the G102 grism at 0.8–1.15 μm. We find significant variability at all wavelengths for both brown dwarfs, with peak-to-valley amplitudes of 9.3% for Luhman 16B and 4.5% for Luhman 16A. This represents the first unambiguous detection of variability in Luhman 16A. We estimate a rotational period between 4.5 and 5.5 hr, very similar to Luhman 16B. Variability in both components complicates the interpretation of spatially unresolved observations. The probability for finding large amplitude variability in any two brown dwarfs is less than 10%. Our finding may suggest that a common but yet unknown feature of the binary is important for the occurrence of variability. For both objects, the amplitude is nearly constant at all wavelengths except in the deep K i feature below 0.84 μm. No variations are seen across the 0.99 μm FeH feature. The observations lend strong further support to cloud height variations rather than holes in the silicate clouds, but cannot fully rule out holes in the iron clouds. We re-evaluate the diagnostic potential of the FeH feature as a tracer of cloud patchiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - STELLAR spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 110487391; Esther Buenzli 1; Email Address: buenzli@mpia.de Mark. S. Marley 2 Dániel Apai 3,4 Didier Saumon 5 Beth A. Biller 6 Ian J. M. Crossfield 4 Jacqueline Radigan 7; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  6: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  7: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2015, Vol. 812 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - R. D. Gehrz
AU  - A. Evans
AU  - L. A. Helton
AU  - D. P. Shenoy
AU  - D. P. K. Banerjee
AU  - C. E. Woodward
AU  - W. D. Vacca
AU  - D. A. Dykhoff
AU  - N. M. Ashok
AU  - A. C. Cass
AU  - R. L. Carlon
AU  - D. T. Corgan
AU  - S. P. S. Eyres
AU  - V. Joshi
AU  - Luke D. Keller
AU  - J. Krautter
AU  - T. Liimets
AU  - M. Rushton
AU  - S. Starrfield
T1  - THE EARLY INFRARED TEMPORAL DEVELOPMENT OF NOVA DELPHINI 2013 (V339 DEL) OBSERVED WITH THE STRATOSPHERIC OBSERVATORY FOR INFRARED ASTRONOMY (SOFIA) AND FROM THE GROUND.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10/20/
VL  - 812
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present ground-based infrared photometry, JHK spectroscopy, and 5–28 μm SOFIA FORCAST spectroscopy documenting the early temporal development of Nova Delphini 2013 (V339 Del). We derive a distance of ∼4.5 kpc using data available from the early expansion of the fireball. This distance gives an outburst luminosity of ∼8.3 × 105 making V339 Del the most luminous CO nova on record. Our data provide new constraints on the ejected gas mass and the dust yield in fast CO novae. The ejected gas mass as estimated by the cutoff wavelength during the free–free emission phase is ∼7.5 × 10−5 There is evidence for the formation of ∼1.2(±0.4) × 10−7 of dust about 102 days after outburst. The gas to dust ratio of ∼470/1–940/1 implies that dust production was much less efficient in V339 Del than is the case for most CO novae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - METEORS
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 110487379; R. D. Gehrz 1; Email Address: gehrz@astro.umn.edu A. Evans 2 L. A. Helton 3 D. P. Shenoy 1 D. P. K. Banerjee 4 C. E. Woodward 1 W. D. Vacca 3 D. A. Dykhoff 1 N. M. Ashok 4 A. C. Cass 1 R. L. Carlon 1 D. T. Corgan 1 S. P. S. Eyres 5 V. Joshi 4,6 Luke D. Keller 7 J. Krautter 8 T. Liimets 9 M. Rushton 5 S. Starrfield 10; Affiliation:  1: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S. E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA  2: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK  3: USRA-SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Astronomy and Astrophysics Division, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad 380009, India  5: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK  6: Present address: Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Post Bag 4, Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India.  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, 264 Center for Natural Sciences, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA  8: Landessternwarte-Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität, Königstuhl, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  9: Tartu Observatory, 61602 Tõravere, Estonia; Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ravila 14c, 50411, Tartu, Estonia  10: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2015, Vol. 812 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: METEORS; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/132
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Takanori Kodama
AU  - Hidenori Genda
AU  - Yutaka Abe
AU  - Kevin J. Zahnle
T1  - RAPID WATER LOSS CAN EXTEND THE LIFETIME OF PLANETARY HABITABILITY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/10/20/
VL  - 812
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Two habitable planetary states are proposed: an aqua planet like the Earth and a land planet that has a small amount of water. Land planets keep liquid water under larger solar radiation compared to aqua planets. Water loss may change an aqua planet into a land planet, and the planet can remain habitable for a longer time than if it had remained an aqua planet. We calculate planetary evolution with hydrogen escape for different initial water inventories and different distances from the central star. We find that there are two conditions necessary to evolve an aqua planet into a land planet: the critical amount of water on the surface (Mml) consistent with a planet being a land planet, and the critical amount of water vapor in the atmosphere (Mcv) that defines the onset of the runaway greenhouse state. We find that Earth-sized aqua planets with initial oceans <10% of the Earth's can evolve into land planets if Mcv = 3 m in precipitable water and Mml = 5% of the Earth's ocean mass. Such planets can keep liquid water on their surface for another 2 Gyr. The initial amount of water and Mcv are shown to be important dividing parameters of the planetary evolution path. Our results indicate that massive hydrogen escape could give a fresh start as another kind of habitable planet rather than the end of its habitability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - PRECIPITABLE water
N1  - Accession Number: 110487384; Takanori Kodama 1; Email Address: koda@eps.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp Hidenori Genda 2 Yutaka Abe 1 Kevin J. Zahnle 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  2: Earth-Life Science Institute, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2015, Vol. 812 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: PRECIPITABLE water; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/812/2/165
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lakshminarayan, Vinod K.
AU  - Duraisamy, Karthik
T1  - Adjoint-based estimation and control of spatial, temporal and stochastic approximation errors in unsteady flow simulations.
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2015/10/22/
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 180
EP  - 191
SN  - 00457930
AB  - The ability to estimate various sources of numerical error and to adaptively control them is a powerful tool in quantifying uncertainty in predictive simulations. This work attempts to develop reliable estimates of numerical errors resulting from spatial, temporal and stochastic approximations of fluid dynamic equations using a discrete adjoint approach. Each source of error is isolated and the accuracy of the error estimation is verified. When applied to unsteady flow simulations of vertical axis wind turbines (VAWT), the procedure demonstrates good recovery of discretization errors to provide accurate estimate of the objective functional. The framework is then applied to a VAWT simulation with inherent stochasticity and is confirmed to effectively estimate errors in computing statistical quantities of interest. The ability to use these stochastic error estimates as a basis for adaptive sampling is also presented. Predictive science is typically constrained by finite computational resources and this work demonstrates the viability of adjoint-based approaches to budget available computational resources to effectively pursue uncertainty quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - ADJOINT differential equations
KW  - STOCHASTIC approximation
KW  - APPROXIMATION error
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - Discrete adjoints
KW  - Error estimation
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
KW  - Vertical axis wind turbine
N1  - Accession Number: 112666581; Lakshminarayan, Vinod K. 1; Email Address: vinod.k.lakshminarayan@nasa.gov Duraisamy, Karthik 2; Email Address: kdur@umich.edu; Affiliation:  1: Science and Technology Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 121, p180; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: ADJOINT differential equations; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC approximation; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION error; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete adjoints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Error estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertical axis wind turbine; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.08.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dzero, Maxim
AU  - Vavilov, Maxim G.
AU  - Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn
AU  - Galitski, Victor M.
T1  - Nonuniversal weak antilocalization effect in cubic topological Kondo insulators.
JO  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
JF  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
Y1  - 2015/10/22/
VL  - 92
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 10980121
AB  - We study the quantum correction to conductivity on the surface of cubic topological Kondo insulators with multiple Dirac bands. We consider the model of time-reversal invariant disorder which induces the scattering of the electrons within the Dirac bands as well as between the bands. When only intraband scattering is present we find three long-range diffusion modes leading to weak antilocalization correction to conductivity which remains independent of the microscopic details such as Fermi velocities and relaxation times. Interband scattering gaps out two diffusion modes leaving only one long-range mode. We find that depending on the value of the phase coherence time, either three or only one long-range diffusion modes contribute to weak localization correction rendering the quantum correction to conductivity nonuniversal. We provide an interpretation for the results of the recent transport experiments on samarium hexaboride where weak antilocalization has been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TOPOLOGICAL insulators
KW  - KONDO effect
KW  - QUANTUM states
KW  - ELECTRON scattering
KW  - DIFFUSION
N1  - Accession Number: 111231356; Dzero, Maxim 1,2 Vavilov, Maxim G. 3 Kechedzhi, Kostyantyn 4 Galitski, Victor M. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA  2: Max Planck Institute for Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany  3: Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA  4: QuAIL and USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  5: Joint Quantum Institute and Condensed Matter Theory Center, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA  6: School of Physics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 92 Issue 16, p1; Subject Term: TOPOLOGICAL insulators; Subject Term: KONDO effect; Subject Term: QUANTUM states; Subject Term: ELECTRON scattering; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.165415
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - JoshuaD.  Monk
AU  - Eric W.  Bucholz
AU  - Tane  Boghozian
AU  - Shantanu  Deshpande
AU  - Jay  Schieber
AU  - Charles W.  Bauschlicher
AU  - John W.  Lawson
T1  - Computationaland Experimental Study of Phenolic Resins:Thermal–Mechanical Properties and the Role of Hydrogen Bonding.
JO  - Macromolecules
JF  - Macromolecules
Y1  - 2015/10/27/
VL  - 48
IS  - 20
M3  - Article
SP  - 7670
EP  - 7680
SN  - 00249297
AB  - Molecular dynamics simulations andexperimental measurements wereused to investigate the thermal and mechanical properties of cross-linkedphenolic resins as a function of the degree of cross-linking, thechain motif (ortho–orthoversus ortho–para), and the chain length. The chain motif influenced the type (interchainor intrachain) as well as the amount of hydrogen bonding. Ortho–orthochains favored internal hydrogen bondingwhereas ortho–parafavored hydrogen bondingbetween chains. Un-cross-linked ortho–parasystems formed percolating 3D networks of hydrogen bonds, behavingeffectively as “hydrogen gels”. This resulted in differingthermal and mechanical properties for these systems. As cross-linkingincreased, the chain motif, chain length, and hydrogen bonding networksbecame less important. Elastic moduli, thermal conductivity, and glasstransition temperatures were characterized as a function of cross-linkingand temperature. Both our own experimental data and literature valueswere used to validate our simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Macromolecules is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOLIC resins
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL chemistry
KW  - HYDROGEN bonding
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - CROSSLINKED polymers
KW  - POLYMERS -- Thermal properties
N1  - Accession Number: 110562501; JoshuaD.  Monk 1 Eric W.  Bucholz 1 Tane  Boghozian 1 Shantanu  Deshpande 1 Jay  Schieber 1 Charles W.  Bauschlicher 1 John W.  Lawson 1; Affiliation:  1: †Mail Stop 234, ERC Inc. Thermal Protection Materials Branch, ‡Mail Stop 223, ERCInc. Thermal Protection Materials Branch, §Mail Stop 230, Entry Systems andTechnology Division, and ∥Mail Stop 234, Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Source Info: Oct2015, Vol. 48 Issue 20, p7670; Subject Term: PHENOLIC resins; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: CROSSLINKED polymers; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Thermal properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Ke
AU  - Kimball, John S.
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Running, Steven W.
AU  - Hong, Yang
AU  - Gourley, Jonathan J.
AU  - Yu, Zhongbo
T1  - Vegetation Greening and Climate Change Promote Multidecadal Rises of Global Land Evapotranspiration.
JO  - Scientific Reports
JF  - Scientific Reports
Y1  - 2015/10/30/
M3  - Article
SP  - 15956
SN  - 20452322
AB  - Recent studies showed that anomalous dry conditions and limited moisture supply roughly between 1998 and 2008, especially in the Southern Hemisphere, led to reduced vegetation productivity and ceased growth in land evapotranspiration (ET). However, natural variability of Earth's climate system can degrade capabilities for identifying climate trends. Here we produced a long-term (1982-2013) remote sensing based land ET record and investigated multidecadal changes in global ET and underlying causes. The ET record shows a significant upward global trend of 0.88 mm yr−2 (P < 0.001) over the 32-year period, mainly driven by vegetation greening (0.018% per year; P < 0.001) and rising atmosphere moisture demand (0.75 mm yr−2; P = 0.016). Our results indicate that reduced ET growth between 1998 and 2008 was an episodic phenomenon, with subsequent recovery of the ET growth rate after 2008. Terrestrial precipitation also shows a positive trend of 0.66 mm yr−2 (P = 0.08) over the same period consistent with expected water cycle intensification, but this trend is lower than coincident increases in evaporative demand and ET, implying a possibility of cumulative water supply constraint to ET. Continuation of these trends will likely exacerbate regional drought-induced disturbances, especially during regional dry climate phases associated with strong El Niño events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - VEGETATION greenness
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - WATER supply
KW  - EVAPORATION (Meteorology)
N1  - Accession Number: 110645098; Zhang, Ke Kimball, John S. 1 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 2 Running, Steven W. 1 Hong, Yang Gourley, Jonathan J. 3 Yu, Zhongbo 4; Affiliation:  1: Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, The University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive #1224, Missoula, MT 59812-1224, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory, Norman, Oklahoma 73072, USA  4: State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210098, China; Source Info: 10/30/2015, p15956; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: VEGETATION greenness; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: WATER supply; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Meteorology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/srep15956
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jung, Sung N.
AU  - You, Young H.
AU  - Dhadwal, Manoj K.
AU  - Riemenschneider, Johannes
AU  - Hagerty, Brandon P.
T1  - Study on Blade Property Measurement and Its Influence on Air/Structural Loads.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3221
EP  - 3232
SN  - 00011452
AB  - In this study, the structural properties of Second Higher-Harmonic Aeroacoustic Rotor Test blades are determined using state-of-the-art test techniques. The measurement includes bending and torsion stiffnesses, section geometric offsets, and mass and inertia properties. Several Second Higher-Harmonic Aeroacoustic Rotor Test blades, including the original instrumented blade used for the wind-tunnel test campaign in 2001, as stated by Yu et al. (The HART-II Test: Rotor Wakes and Aeroacoustics with Higher-Harmonic Pitch Control (HHC) Inputs -- The Joint German/ French/Dutch/US Project, Proceedings of the 58th American Helicopter Society (AHS) Annual Forum, American Helicopter Soc., Montreal, June 2002) are used for the activity. A finite element-based cross-section analysis combined with an x-ray computer tomography technique is employed for the cases where no mechanical measurement is available or attempted. The resulting structural properties are correlated against the earlier estimated values, which have extensively been used in the literature for the validation of the Second Higher-Harmonic Aeroacoustic Rotor Test rotor. A substantial deviation is observed between the present measurement and the earlier property result. The comprehensive rotor dynamics analysis is performed to quantify the impact of the measured blade properties on the aeromechanics behavior of the rotor. The location of the center of gravity is demonstrated to be the most influential factor affecting the deviation and the sensitivity of the aeroelastic response of the rotor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - ROTORS -- Testing
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 110966913; Jung, Sung N. 1,2; Email Address: snjung@konkuk.ac.kr You, Young H. 1,3 Dhadwal, Manoj K. 1,3 Riemenschneider, Johannes 4,5 Hagerty, Brandon P. 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea  2: Professor, Department of Aerospace Information Engineering  3: Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Aerospace Information Engineering  4: DLR, German Aerospace Center, 38108 Brunswick, Germany  5: Research Scientist, Institute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems, Lilienthalplatz 7  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  7: NASA Aerospace Engineer, Aeromechanics Branch; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 53 Issue 11, p3221; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: ROTORS -- Testing; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053686
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Georgiou, M.
AU  - Daglis, I. A.
AU  - Zesta, E.
AU  - Balasis, G.
AU  - Mann, I. R.
AU  - Katsavrias, C.
AU  - Tsinganos, K.
T1  - Association of radiation belt electron enhancements with earthward penetration of Pc5 ULF waves: a case study of intense 2001 magnetic storms.
JO  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
JF  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 33
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1431
EP  - 1442
SN  - 09927689
AB  - Geospace magnetic storms, driven by the solar wind, are associated with increases or decreases in the fluxes of relativistic electrons in the outer radiation belt. We examine the response of relativistic electrons to four intense magnetic storms, during which the minimum of the Dst index ranged from -105 to -387 nT, and compare these with concurrent observations of ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves from the trans-Scandinavian IMAGE magnetometer network and stations from multiple magnetometer arrays available through the worldwide SuperMAG collaboration. The latitudinal and global distribution of Pc5 wave power is examined to determine how deep into the magnetosphere these waves penetrate. We then investigate the role of Pc5 wave activity deep in the magnetosphere in enhancements of radiation belt electrons population observed in the recovery phase of the magnetic storms. We show that, during magnetic storms characterized by increased post-storm electron fluxes as compared to their pre-storm values, the earthward shift of peak and inner boundary of the outer electron radiation belt follows the Pc5 wave activity, reaching L shells as low as 3-4. In contrast, the one magnetic storm characterized by irreversible loss of electrons was related to limited Pc5 wave activity that was not intensified at low L shells. These observations demonstrate that enhanced Pc5 ULF wave activity penetrating deep into the magnetosphere during the main and recovery phase of magnetic storms can, for the cases examined, distinguish storms that resulted in increases in relativistic electron fluxes in the outer radiation belts from those that did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annales Geophysicae (09927689) is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
KW  - MAGNETIC storms
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - RADIATION belts
KW  - MAGNETOMETERS
KW  - Magnetospheric physics (plasmasphere; storms and substorms)
KW  - space plasma physics (wave-particle interactions)
N1  - Accession Number: 111384081; Georgiou, M. 1,2; Email Address: margeo@phys.uoa.gr Daglis, I. A. 1 Zesta, E. 3 Balasis, G. 2 Mann, I. R. 4 Katsavrias, C. 1 Tsinganos, K. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Athens, Panepistimiopoli Zografou, Athens, 15784, Greece  2: Institute of Astronomy, Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Vas. Pavlou & I. Metaxa, Penteli, 15236, Greece  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 33 Issue 11, p1431; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; Subject Term: MAGNETIC storms; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: RADIATION belts; Subject Term: MAGNETOMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetospheric physics (plasmasphere; storms and substorms); Author-Supplied Keyword: space plasma physics (wave-particle interactions); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/angeo-33-1431-2015
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jordan Mirocha
AU  - Geraint J. A. Harker
AU  - Jack O. Burns
T1  - INTERPRETING THE GLOBAL 21-cm SIGNAL FROM HIGH REDSHIFTS. II. PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR MODELS OF GALAXY FORMATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/11//11/1/2015
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Following our previous work, which related generic features in the sky-averaged (global) 21-cm signal to properties of the intergalactic medium, we now investigate the prospects for constraining a simple galaxy formation model with current and near-future experiments. Markov-Chain Monte Carlo fits to our synthetic data set, which includes a realistic galactic foreground, a plausible model for the signal, and noise consistent with 100 hr of integration by an ideal instrument, suggest that a simple four-parameter model that links the production rate of Lyα, Lyman-continuum, and X-ray photons to the growth rate of dark matter halos can be well-constrained (to ∼0.1 dex in each dimension) so long as all three spectral features expected to occur between 40 ≲ ν/MHz ≲ 120 are detected. Several important conclusions follow naturally from this basic numerical result, namely that measurements of the global 21-cm signal can in principle (i) identify the characteristic halo mass threshold for star formation at all redshifts z ≳ 15, (ii) extend z ≲ 4 upper limits on the normalization of the X-ray luminosity star formation rate (LX–SFR) relation out to z ∼ 20, and (iii) provide joint constraints on stellar spectra and the escape fraction of ionizing radiation at z ∼ 12. Though our approach is general, the importance of a broadband measurement renders our findings most relevant to the proposed Dark Ages Radio Explorer, which will have a clean view of the global 21-cm signal from ∼40 to 120 MHz from its vantage point above the radio-quiet, ionosphere-free lunar far-side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES -- Formation
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - HISTORY
KW  - IONIZATION (Atomic physics)
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - STOCHASTIC systems
KW  - EUROPE
KW  - 392-814
N1  - Accession Number: 110642025; Jordan Mirocha 1,2,3; Email Address: mirocha@astro.ucla.edu Geraint J. A. Harker 4,5 Jack O. Burns 1,6; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado, Campus Box 389, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: NASA Earth and Space Science Graduate Fellow.  3: Now at UCLA.  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK  5: Marie Curie Fellow.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2015, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Formation; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Subject Term: HISTORY; Subject Term: IONIZATION (Atomic physics); Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC systems; Subject Term: EUROPE; Subject Term: 392-814; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/11
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sloane J. Wiktorowicz
AU  - Larissa A. Nofi
AU  - Daniel Jontof-Hutter
AU  - Pushkar Kopparla
AU  - Gregory P. Laughlin
AU  - Ninos Hermis
AU  - Yuk L. Yung
AU  - Mark R. Swain
T1  - A GROUND-BASED ALBEDO UPPER LIMIT FOR HD 189733b FROM POLARIMETRY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/11//11/1/2015
VL  - 813
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present 50 nights of polarimetric observations of HD 189733 in the B band using the POLISH2 aperture-integrated polarimeter at the Lick Observatory Shane 3-m telescope. This instrument, commissioned in 2011, is designed to search for Rayleigh scattering from short-period exoplanets due to the polarized nature of scattered light. Since these planets are spatially unresolvable from their host stars, the relative contribution of the planet-to-total system polarization is expected to vary with an amplitude of the order of 10 parts per million (ppm) over the course of the orbit. Non-zero and also variable at the 10 ppm level, the inherent polarization of the Lick 3-m telescope limits the accuracy of our measurements and currently inhibits conclusive detection of scattered light from this exoplanet. However, the amplitude of observed variability conservatively sets a 99.7% confidence upper limit to the planet-induced polarization of the system of 60 ppm in the B band, which is consistent with a previous upper limit from the POLISH instrument at the Palomar Observatory 5-m telescope. A physically motivated Rayleigh scattering model, which includes the depolarizing effects of multiple scattering, is used to conservatively set a 99.7% confidence upper limit to the geometric albedo of HD 189733b of Ag < 0.40. This value is consistent with the value derived from occultation observations with Hubble Space Telescope STIS, but it is inconsistent with the large albedo reported by Berdyugina et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - NEUTRON albedo
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 110641991; Sloane J. Wiktorowicz 1,2; Email Address: sloane.j.wiktorowicz@aero.org Larissa A. Nofi 1,3 Daniel Jontof-Hutter 4,5 Pushkar Kopparla 6 Gregory P. Laughlin 1 Ninos Hermis 1 Yuk L. Yung 6 Mark R. Swain 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Remote Sensing Department, The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA 90245, USA  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, Davey Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2015, Vol. 813 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: NEUTRON albedo; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/813/1/48
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jordan, C. E.
AU  - Anderson, B. E.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A. J.
AU  - Corr, C. A.
AU  - Dibb, J. E.
AU  - Greenslade, M. E.
AU  - Martin, R. F.
AU  - Moore, R. H.
AU  - Scheuer, E.
AU  - Shook, M. A.
AU  - Thornhill, K. L.
AU  - Troop, D.
AU  - Winstead, E. L.
AU  - Ziemba, L. D.
T1  - Spectral aerosol extinction (SpEx): a new instrument for in situ ambient aerosol extinction measurements across the UV/visible wavelength range.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 8
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 4755
EP  - 4771
SN  - 18671381
AB  - We introduce a new instrument for the measurement of in situ ambient aerosol extinction over the 300-700 nm wavelength range, the spectral aerosol extinction (SpEx) instrument. This measurement capability is envisioned to complement existing in situ instrumentation, allowing for simultaneous measurement of the evolution of aerosol optical, chemical, and physical characteristics in the ambient environment. In this work, a detailed description of the instrument is provided along with characterization tests performed in the laboratory. Measured spectra of NO2 and polystyrene latex spheres (PSLs) agreed well with theoretical calculations. Good agreement was also found with simultaneous aerosol extinction measurements at 450, 530, and 630 nm using CAPS PMex instruments in a series of 22 tests including nonabsorbing compounds, dusts, soot, and black and brown carbon analogs. SpEx measurements are expected to help identify the presence of ambient brown carbon due to its 300 nm lower wavelength limit compared to measurements limited to longer UV and visible wavelengths. Extinction spectra obtained with SpEx contain more information than can be conveyed by a simple power law fit (typically represented by Ångström exponents). Planned future improvements aim to lower detection limits and ruggedize the instrument for mobile operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Analysis
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - POLYSTYRENE
KW  - DUST -- Research
KW  - POWER law (Mathematics)
N1  - Accession Number: 113187133; Jordan, C. E. 1,2; Email Address: carolyn.jordan@nianet.org Anderson, B. E. 3 Beyersdorf, A. J. 3 Corr, C. A. 3,4 Dibb, J. E. Greenslade, M. E. 5 Martin, R. F. 3 Moore, R. H. 3 Scheuer, E. 1 Shook, M. A. 3,6 Thornhill, K. L. 3,6 Troop, D. 7 Winstead, E. L. 3,6 Ziemba, L. D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, & Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN, USA  5: Department of Chemistry, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA  6: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  7: Southwest Research Institute, Durham, NH, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 11, p4755; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Analysis; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET-visible spectroscopy; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: POLYSTYRENE; Subject Term: DUST -- Research; Subject Term: POWER law (Mathematics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 326140 Polystyrene Foam Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-4755-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113187133&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Boer, G.
AU  - Palo, S.
AU  - Argrow, B.
AU  - LoDolce, G.
AU  - Mack, J.
AU  - Gao, R.-S.
AU  - Telg, H.
AU  - Trussel, C.
AU  - Fromm, J.
AU  - Long, C. N.
AU  - Bland, G.
AU  - Maslanik, J.
AU  - Schmid, B.
AU  - Hock, T.
T1  - The pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 8
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 11987
EP  - 12023
SN  - 18678610
AB  - This paper presents details of the University of Colorado (CU) Pilatus unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. This aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2 m and a maximum take off weight of 25 kg and is powered by an electric motor to reduce engine exhaust and concerns about carburetor icing. It carries instrumentation to make measurements of broadband up- and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, aerosol particle size distribution, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and pressure and to collect video of flights for subsequent analysis of atmospheric conditions during flight. In order to make the shortwave radiation measurements, care was taken to carefully position a high-quality compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) and characterize the attitude of the aircraft and it's orientation to the upward looking radiation sensor. Using measurements from both of these sensors, a correction is applied to the raw radiometer measurements to correct for aircraft attitude and sensor tilt relative to the sun. The data acquisition system was designed from scratch based on a set of key driving requirements to accommodate the variety of sensors deployed. Initial test flights completed in Colorado provide promising results with measurements from the radiation sensors agreeing with those from a nearby surface site. Additionally, estimates of surface albedo from onboard sensors were consistent with local surface conditions, including melting snow and bright runway surface. Aerosol size distributions collected are internally consistent and have previously been shown to agree well with larger, surface-based instrumentation. Finally the atmospheric state measurements evolve as expected, with the near-surface atmosphere warming over time as the day goes on, and the atmospheric relative humidity decreasing with increased temperature. No directional bias on measured temperature, as might be expected due to uneven heating of the sensor housing over the course of a racetrack pattern, was detected. The results from these flights indicate that the CU Pilatus platform is capable of performing research grade lower tropospheric measurement missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 111644566; de Boer, G. 1,2; Email Address: gijs.deboer@colorado.edu Palo, S. 1 Argrow, B. 1 LoDolce, G. 1 Mack, J. 1 Gao, R.-S. 2 Telg, H. 2 Trussel, C. 1 Fromm, J. 1 Long, C. N. 1,2 Bland, G. 3 Maslanik, J. 1 Schmid, B. 4 Hock, T. 5; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA  2: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia, USA  4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 11, p11987; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amtd-8-11987-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111644566&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bretschger, Orianna
AU  - Carpenter, Kayla
AU  - Phan, Tony
AU  - Suzuki, Shino
AU  - Ishii, Shun’ichi
AU  - Grossi-Soyster, Elysse
AU  - Flynn, Michael
AU  - Hogan, John
T1  - Functional and taxonomic dynamics of an electricity-consuming methane-producing microbial community.
JO  - Bioresource Technology
JF  - Bioresource Technology
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 195
M3  - Article
SP  - 254
EP  - 264
SN  - 09608524
AB  - The functional and taxonomic microbial dynamics of duplicate electricity-consuming methanogenic communities were observed over a 6 months period to characterize the reproducibility, stability and recovery of electromethanogenic consortia. The highest rate of methanogenesis was 0.72 mg-CH 4 /L/day, which occurred during the third month of enrichment when multiple methanogenic phylotypes and associated Desulfovibrionaceae phylotypes were present in the electrode-associated microbial community. Results also suggest that electromethanogenic microbial communities are very sensitive to electron donor-limiting open-circuit conditions. A 45 min exposure to open-circuit conditions induced an 87% drop in volumetric methane production rates. Methanogenic performance recovered after 4 months to a maximum value of 0.30 mg-CH 4 /L/day under set potential operation (−700 mV vs Ag/AgCl); however, current consumption and biomass production was variable over time. Long-term functional and taxonomic analyses from experimental replicates provide new knowledge toward understanding how to enrich electromethanogenic communities and operate bioelectrochemical systems for stable and reproducible performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bioresource Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANOBACTERIACEAE
KW  - ELECTRIC power consumption
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - BIOMASS production
KW  - BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - Bioelectrochemical systems
KW  - Electromethanogenesis
KW  - Microbial community dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 108845328; Bretschger, Orianna 1; Email Address: obretschger@jcvi.org Carpenter, Kayla 1 Phan, Tony 1 Suzuki, Shino 1,2 Ishii, Shun’ichi 1,2 Grossi-Soyster, Elysse 3,4,5 Flynn, Michael 5 Hogan, John 5; Affiliation:  1: J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA  2: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kochi, Japan  3: University Affiliated Research Center, UC Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 195, p254; Subject Term: METHANOBACTERIACEAE; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power consumption; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: BIOMASS production; Subject Term: BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioelectrochemical systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromethanogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial community dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.129
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=108845328&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Downes, Rebekah D.
AU  - Hao, Ayou
AU  - Park, Jin Gyu
AU  - Su, Yi-Feng
AU  - Liang, Richard
AU  - Jensen, Benjamin D.
AU  - Siochi, Emilie J.
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
T1  - Geometrically constrained self-assembly and crystal packing of flattened and aligned carbon nanotubes.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 953
EP  - 966
SN  - 00086223
AB  - While the mechanical properties of highly aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) thin films and their nanocomposites have been widely studied, the load transfer mechanisms and failure modes of aligned CNT composites have not been sufficiently explored and understood. In this research, super-aligned CNT thin films with a measured alignment fraction of up to 0.93 are fabricated by mechanical stretching. High concentration (50–60 wt% CNT) CNT reinforced bismaleimide (CNT/BMI) nanocomposites are fabricated from the aligned network to study mechanical properties and microstructures. Atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveal unusual CNT crystal packing and permit the observation of interesting structural features of the CNTs and their assemblages, including collapse, flattened packing, preferred stacking, folding and twisting phenomena, as well as CNT pullouts from bundles and the resin matrix. The large surface-to-surface contact areas between aligned and flattened nanotubes, driven by van der Waals interactions, give rise to a high density packing of the flattened CNTs in the nanocomposite, resembling a graphitic material. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are performed to model the packing structure and understand the dependence of density on the relative content of flattened nanotube and void space. The modeling results support the conclusions drawn from the experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR self-assembly
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - GEOMETRIC analysis
KW  - THIN films
KW  - NANOFABRICATION
N1  - Accession Number: 108787562; Downes, Rebekah D. 1; Email Address: rd11g@my.fsu.edu Hao, Ayou 1 Park, Jin Gyu 1 Su, Yi-Feng 1 Liang, Richard 1 Jensen, Benjamin D. 2 Siochi, Emilie J. 2 Wise, Kristopher E. 2; Affiliation:  1: High-Performance Materials Institute (HPMI), Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 93, p953; Subject Term: MOLECULAR self-assembly; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: GEOMETRIC analysis; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: NANOFABRICATION; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.06.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lang, Christapher
AU  - Sharma, Ashesh
AU  - Doostan, Alireza
AU  - Maute, Kurt
T1  - Heaviside enriched extended stochastic FEM for problems with uncertain material interfaces.
JO  - Computational Mechanics
JF  - Computational Mechanics
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 56
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 753
EP  - 767
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01787675
AB  - This paper is concerned with the modeling of heterogeneous materials with uncertain inclusion geometry. The eXtended stochastic finite element method (X-SFEM) is a recently proposed approach for modeling stochastic partial differential equations defined on random domains. The X-SFEM combines the deterministic eXtended finite element method (XFEM) with a polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) in the stochastic domain. The X-SFEM has been studied for random inclusion problems with a $$C^0$$ -continuous solution at the inclusion interface. This work proposes a new formulation of the X-SFEM using the Heaviside enrichment for modeling problems with either continuous or discontinuous solutions at the uncertain inclusion interface. The Heaviside enrichment formulation employs multiple enrichment levels for each material subdomain which allows more complex inclusion geometry to be accurately modeled. A PCE is applied in the stochastic domain, and a random level set function implicitly defines the uncertain interface geometry. The Heaviside enrichment leads to a discontinuous solution in the spatial and stochastic domains. Adjusting the support of the stochastic approximation according to the active stochastic subdomain for each degree of freedom is proposed. Numerical examples for heat diffusion and linear elasticity are studied to illustrate convergence and accuracy of the scheme under spatial and stochastic refinements. In addition to problems with discontinuous solutions, the Heaviside enrichment is applicable to problems with $$C^0$$ -continuous solutions by enforcing continuity at the interface. A higher convergence rate is achieved using the proposed Heaviside enriched X-SFEM for $$C^0$$ -continuous problems when compared to using a $$C^0$$ -continuous enrichment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computational Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC analysis
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - CHAOS theory
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - Heaviside enrichment
KW  - Level set method
KW  - Polynomial chaos
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
KW  - X-SFEM
N1  - Accession Number: 110401122; Lang, Christapher 1 Sharma, Ashesh 2 Doostan, Alireza 2; Email Address: doostan@colorado.edu Maute, Kurt 2; Affiliation:  1: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  2: Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 56 Issue 5, p753; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC analysis; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: CHAOS theory; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heaviside enrichment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Level set method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polynomial chaos; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-SFEM; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00466-015-1199-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110401122&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wisner, B.
AU  - Cabal, M.
AU  - Vanniamparambil, P.
AU  - Hochhalter, J.
AU  - Leser, W.
AU  - Kontsos, A.
T1  - In Situ Microscopic Investigation to Validate Acoustic Emission Monitoring.
JO  - Experimental Mechanics
JF  - Experimental Mechanics
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 55
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1705
EP  - 1715
SN  - 00144851
AB  - A novel experimental mechanics technique using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in conjunction with Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring is discussed to investigate microstructure-sensitive mechanical behavior and damage of metals and to validate AE related information. Validation for the use of AE method was obtained by using aluminum alloy sharp notch specimens with different geometries tested inside the microscope and compared to results obtained outside the microscope, as well as to previously published data on similar investigations at the laboratory specimen scale. Additionally, load data were correlated with both AE information and microscopic observations of microcracks around grain boundaries as well as secondary cracks, voids, and slip bands. The reported AE results are in excellent agreement with similar findings at the mesoscale, while they are further correlated with in situ and post mortem observations of microstructural damage processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Mechanics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - MICROCRACKS
KW  - VOIDS (Crystallography)
KW  - Acoustic emission
KW  - Damage precursors
KW  - Fracture
KW  - In-situ
KW  - SEM
N1  - Accession Number: 110361333; Wisner, B. 1 Cabal, M. 1 Vanniamparambil, P. 1 Hochhalter, J. 2 Leser, W. 2 Kontsos, A. 1; Email Address: akontsos@coe.drexel.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering & Mechanics, Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Group, Drexel University, Philadelphia USA  2: Durability, Reliability, and Damage Tolerance Brach, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 55 Issue 9, p1705; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: MICROCRACKS; Subject Term: VOIDS (Crystallography); Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage precursors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-situ; Author-Supplied Keyword: SEM; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11340-015-0074-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ROTHSCHILD, LYNN
T1  - Battlestar Galapagos: Where Are We Going, Where Have We Been, and Are We Alone?
JO  - Humanist
JF  - Humanist
Y1  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
VL  - 75
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 22
PB  - American Humanist Association
SN  - 00187399
AB  - In this article, the author, who is the winner of the Isaac Asimov Science Award from the American Humanist Association, discusses humanity's place in the cosmos. Topics discussed include the Darwinian revolution, questions related to astrobiology that focuses on the origin of life and human and astronaut Rusty Schweickart who was the pilot on space craft Apollo 9.
KW  - HUMANITY
KW  - EVOLUTION (Biology)
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - UNIVERSE
KW  - AMERICAN Humanist Association
KW  - SCHWEICKART, Rusty, 1935-
N1  - Accession Number: 110462034; ROTHSCHILD, LYNN 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Senior scientist, NASA's Ames Research Center  2: Adjunct professor, both Brown University and University of California Santa Cruz; Source Info: Nov/Dec2015, Vol. 75 Issue 6, p18; Subject Term: HUMANITY; Subject Term: EVOLUTION (Biology); Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: UNIVERSE; Company/Entity: AMERICAN Humanist Association; People: SCHWEICKART, Rusty, 1935-; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110462034&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kahre, M.A.
AU  - Hollingsworth, J.L.
AU  - Haberle, R.M.
AU  - Wilson, R.J.
T1  - Coupling the Mars dust and water cycles: The importance of radiative-dynamic feedbacks during northern hemisphere summer.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 260
M3  - Article
SP  - 477
EP  - 480
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Mars Global Climate Model (MGCM) simulations are carried out with and without cloud radiative forcing to investigate feedbacks between the dust and water cycles that contribute to the middle-atmosphere polar warming during northern hemisphere summer. Compared to the simulation without clouds, the simulation with clouds produces stronger polar warming, which is in better agreement with observations. The enhanced polar warming in the presence of cloud formation is caused by a radiative-dynamic feedback between a strengthened circulation due to cloud radiative effects, vertical dust transport, and further circulation intensification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WATER
KW  - DUST
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - NORTHERN sky (Astronomy)
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - SUMMER
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - Atmospheres, dynamics
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, climate
N1  - Accession Number: 109494398; Kahre, M.A. 1 Hollingsworth, J.L. 1 Haberle, R.M. 1 Wilson, R.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 260, p477; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: NORTHERN sky (Astronomy); Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: SUMMER; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, climate; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.07.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109494398&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zheng, Yihua
AU  - Kuznetsova, Maria M.
AU  - Pulkkinen, Antti A.
AU  - Maddox, Marlo M.
AU  - Mays, Mona Leila
T1  - Research-Based Monitoring, Prediction, and Analysis Tools of the Spacecraft Charging Environment for Spacecraft Users.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3925
EP  - 3932
SN  - 00933813
AB  - The Space Weather Research Center (<uri xlink:href="http://swrc. gsfc.nasa.gov" xlink:type="simple">http://swrc. gsfc.nasa.gov</uri>) at NASA Goddard, part of the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (<uri xlink:href="http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov" xlink:type="simple">http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov</uri>), is committed to providing research-based forecasts and notifications to address NASA’s space weather needs, in addition to its critical role in space weather education. It provides a host of services including spacecraft anomaly resolution, historical impact analysis, real-time monitoring and forecasting, tailored space weather alerts and products, and weekly summaries and reports. In this paper, we focus on how (near) real-time data (both in space and on ground), in combination with modeling capabilities and an innovative dissemination system called the integrated Space Weather Analysis system (<uri xlink:href="http://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov" xlink:type="simple">http://iswa.gsfc.nasa.gov</uri>), enable monitoring, analyzing, and predicting the spacecraft charging environment for spacecraft users. Relevant tools and resources are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electrostatic charging
KW  - RESEARCH -- Methodology
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Forecasting
KW  - Predictive models
KW  - Real-time systems
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - space weather
KW  - spacecraft charging
KW  - Wind forecasting
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 110859415; Zheng, Yihua 1 Kuznetsova, Maria M. 1 Pulkkinen, Antti A. 1 Maddox, Marlo M. 1 Mays, Mona Leila 1; Affiliation:  1: , National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 43 Issue 11, p3925; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electrostatic charging; Subject Term: RESEARCH -- Methodology; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Predictive models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Real-time systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: space weather; Author-Supplied Keyword: spacecraft charging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind forecasting; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2015.2479575
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dekany, Justin
AU  - Christensen, Justin
AU  - Dennison, John Robert
AU  - Jensen, Amberly Evans
AU  - Wilson, Gregory
AU  - Schneider, Todd
AU  - Bowers, Charles W.
AU  - Meloy, Robert
T1  - Variations in Cathodoluminescent Intensity of Spacecraft Materials Exposed to Energetic Electron Bombardment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 43
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3948
EP  - 3954
SN  - 00933813
AB  - Many contemporary spacecraft materials exhibit cathodoluminescence when exposed to electron flux from the space plasma environment. A quantitative physics-based model has been developed to predict the intensity of the total glow as a function of incident electron current density and energy, temperature, and intrinsic material properties. We present a comparative study of the absolute spectral radiance for more than 20 types of dielectric and composite materials based on this model, which spans more than three orders of magnitude. Variations in intensity are contrasted for different electron environments, different sizes of samples and sample sets, different testing and analysis methods, and data acquired at different test facilities. Together, these results allow us to estimate the accuracy and precision to which laboratory studies may be able to determine the response of spacecraft materials in the actual space environment. It also provides guidance as to the distribution of emissions that may be expected for sets of similar flight hardware under similar environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRON bombardment conductivity
KW  - CATHODOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - LUMINESCENCE
KW  - CONDENSED matter
KW  - QUASICRYSTALS
KW  - Aerospace materials
KW  - Cameras
KW  - Cathodoluminescence
KW  - Density measurement
KW  - electron flux
KW  - Graphite
KW  - light emission
KW  - materials testing
KW  - Optical variables measurement
KW  - Polyimides
KW  - Power system measurements
KW  - space environment effects
N1  - Accession Number: 110859414; Dekany, Justin 1 Christensen, Justin 1 Dennison, John Robert 1 Jensen, Amberly Evans 1 Wilson, Gregory 1 Schneider, Todd 2 Bowers, Charles W. 3 Meloy, Robert 4; Affiliation:  1: Physics DepartmentMaterials Physics Group, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA  2: Environment Effects Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA  3: , National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: , ASRC Federal Space and Defense, Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 43 Issue 11, p3948; Subject Term: ELECTRON bombardment conductivity; Subject Term: CATHODOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: LUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: CONDENSED matter; Subject Term: QUASICRYSTALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cameras; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cathodoluminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Density measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: electron flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphite; Author-Supplied Keyword: light emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: materials testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical variables measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyimides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power system measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: space environment effects; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TPS.2015.2480086
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110859414&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kharangate, Chirag R.
AU  - O’Neill, Lucas E.
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
AU  - Nahra, Henry K.
AU  - Balasubramaniam, Ramaswamy
AU  - Hall, Nancy R.
AU  - Macner, Ashley M.
AU  - Mackey, Jeffrey R.
T1  - Flow boiling and critical heat flux in horizontal channel with one-sided and double-sided heating.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 90
M3  - Article
SP  - 323
EP  - 338
SN  - 00179310
AB  - This study explores flow boiling of FC-72 along a 5-mm high by 2.5-mm wide rectangular channel that is fitted with top and bottom heating walls. By activating one wall at a time, the opposing influences of gravity are examined for inlet velocities from 0.11 to 2.02 m/s. Results for top wall and bottom wall heating are then compared to those for double-sided heating. For top wall heating, high speed video imaging proves gravity effects are dominant at low velocities, accumulating vapor along the heated wall and resulting in low critical heat flux (CHF) values. For bottom wall heating, buoyancy aids in vapor removal and liquid replenishment of the heated wall, resulting in higher CHF values. Higher velocities result in fairly similar interfacial behavior for top wall and bottom wall heating, and double-sided heating exhibiting greater symmetry between interfacial behaviors along the opposite walls. Overall, CHF values for all three configurations converge to one another above 1.5 m/s. This convergence is clearly the result of high inertia negating the influence of gravity. It is shown that interfacial instability theory provides an effective means for assessing the influence of velocity on CHF for top wall versus bottom wall heating. For top wall heating, a stable interface at low velocities causes vapor accumulation against the top wall resulting in very low CHF. Instability theory shows that top wall heating becomes unstable above 1.03 m/s, allowing liquid contact with the wall and improved wall cooling. For bottom wall heating, the interface is always unstable and favorable for liquid contact. Instability theory also shows that inertia dwarfs gravity around 1.5 m/s, where critical wavelengths for top wall and bottom wall heating converge. Convergence of the CHF values for top wall and bottom wall heating also occurred at a similar value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - VELOCITY
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - STOCHASTIC convergence
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Gravity effects
N1  - Accession Number: 109126521; Kharangate, Chirag R. 1 O’Neill, Lucas E. 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2 Nahra, Henry K. 2 Balasubramaniam, Ramaswamy 2 Hall, Nancy R. 2 Macner, Ashley M. 2 Mackey, Jeffrey R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Vantage Partners, 3000 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 90, p323; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC convergence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity effects; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.06.073
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109126521&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lachaud, Jean
AU  - van Eekelen, Tom
AU  - Scoggins, James B.
AU  - Magin, Thierry E.
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
T1  - Detailed chemical equilibrium model for porous ablative materials.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 90
M3  - Article
SP  - 1034
EP  - 1045
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Ablative materials are used in thermal protection systems for atmospheric re-entry vehicle heat shields. A detailed chemical equilibrium heat and mass transport model for porous ablators is presented for the first time. The governing equations are volume-averaged forms of the conservation equations for gas density, gas elements, solid mass, gas momentum, and total energy. The element (gas) fluxes are coupled at the surface of the material with an inlet/outlet boundary condition, allowing modeling either atmospheric gases entering the porous material by forced convection or pyrolysis gases exiting the material. The model is implemented in the Porous material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFOAM (PATO). The thermodynamics and chemistry library Mutation++ is used as a third party library to compute equilibrium compositions, gas properties, and solve the state-of-the-art boundary layer approximation to provide the ablation rate and the element mass fractions at the surface of the material. The model is applied to the detailed analysis of boundary layer and pyrolysis gas flows within a porous carbon/phenolic ablator characterized in a state-of-the-art arc-jet test. The selected configuration consists of an iso-flux ellipsoid-cylinder sample submitted to a 2.5 MW/m 2 heat flux with a decreasing pressure gradient from the stagnation point to the cylinder’s side. During the first tenths of a second of the test, boundary layer gases percolate through the sample. Then, as the sample heats up, the internal pressure increases inside the sample due to pyrolysis–gas production. The resulting pressure gradient blocks the boundary layer gases and leads to a pyrolysis gas flow that separates into two streams: one going towards the upper surface, and one going towards the lower pressure side under the shoulder of the sample. We show that the temperature profile is modified when using the detailed mass transport model. The sample’s sub-shoulder zone is significantly cooled down while a temperature increase is observed in-depth. Implementing the model of this study in space agency codes will allow improving ground-test analyses and help provide more accurate material properties for design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHEMICAL equilibrium
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - Ablation
KW  - Atmospheric entry
KW  - Equilibrium chemistry
KW  - Porous media
KW  - Pyrolysis
N1  - Accession Number: 109126574; Lachaud, Jean 1; Email Address: jean.lachaud@gadz.org van Eekelen, Tom 2 Scoggins, James B. 3 Magin, Thierry E. 3 Mansour, Nagi N. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of California Santa Cruz, Silicon Valley Initiatives, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Samtech, A Siemens Company, Liège, Belgium  3: von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-Saint-Genèse, Belgium  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 90, p1034; Subject Term: CHEMICAL equilibrium; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ablation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric entry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equilibrium chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous media; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrolysis; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.05.106
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109126574&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lynn, Keith C.
AU  - Toro, Kenneth G.
AU  - Chan, David T.
AU  - Balakrishna, Sundareswara
AU  - Landman, Drew
T1  - Enhancements to the National Transonic Facility Semispan Force Measurement System.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1736
EP  - 1755
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Recent wind-tunnel tests at the NASA Langley Research Center National Transonic Facility used high-pressure bellows to route air to the semispan model for evaluating aircraft circulation control testing techniques. The introduction of these bellows within the sidewall model support system impacted the performance of the sidewall mounted force measurement system. A capability has been developed to facilitate system-level calibrations that characterize the performance of the force measurement system under influence of static pressure tare and thermal effects. From the highest system-level perspective, the aerodynamic research being conducted using this system would benefit from a system-level calibration at conditions that most accurately simulate testlike operating conditions. Detail is given on the recent improvements and design modifications to improve performance and calibration of the system as well as recommendations for future improvements. Experimental data from recent testing using the force measurement system are presented, with the results supporting the necessity for future system enhancements to improve system performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - STANDARDIZATION
KW  - MATHEMATICS
KW  - MEASUREMENT errors
N1  - Accession Number: 112148539; Lynn, Keith C. 1 Toro, Kenneth G. 1 Chan, David T. 1 Balakrishna, Sundareswara 1 Landman, Drew 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 2368J  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529; Source Info: Nov/Dec2015, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1736; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: STANDARDIZATION; Subject Term: MATHEMATICS; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT errors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032942
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112148539&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yueping Guo
AU  - Thomas, Russell H.
T1  - System Noise Assessment of Hybrid Wing-Body Aircraft with Open-Rotor Propulsion.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1767
EP  - 1779
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An aircraft system noise study is presented for the hybrid wing-body aircraft concept with open-rotor engines mounted on the upper surface of the airframe. The aircraft chosen for the study is of a size comparable to the Boeing 787 aircraft. It is shown that, for such a hybrid wing-body aircraft, the cumulative effective perceived noise level is about 24 dB below the current aircraft noise regulations of stage 4. Although this makes the design acoustically viable in meeting the regulatory requirements, even with the consideration of more stringent noise regulations in the next decade or so, the design will likely meet stiff competition from aircraft with turbofan engines. The noise levels of the hybrid wing-body design are held up by the inherently high noise levels of the open-rotor engines and the limitation on the shielding benefit due to the practical design constraint on the engine location. Furthermore, it is shown that the hybrid wing-body design has high levels of noise from the main landing gear, due to their exposure to high-speed flow at the junction between the centerbody and outer wing. To identify approaches that may further reduce noise, parametric studies are also presented, including variations in engine location, vertical tail and elevon variations, and airframe surface acoustic liner treatment effect. These have the potential to further reduce noise, but some of these technologies are only at the proof-of-concept stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC transients
KW  - LANDING aids (Aeronautics)
KW  - DISSONANCE (Music theory)
KW  - MOTOR vehicles
KW  - NOISE pollution
N1  - Accession Number: 112148541; Yueping Guo 1 Thomas, Russell H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Boeing Research and Technology, Huntington Beach, California 92647  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov/Dec2015, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1767; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC transients; Subject Term: LANDING aids (Aeronautics); Subject Term: DISSONANCE (Music theory); Subject Term: MOTOR vehicles; Subject Term: NOISE pollution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423110 Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423120 Motor Vehicle Supplies and New Parts Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 415190 Recreational and other motor vehicles merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112148541&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaal, Peter M. T.
AU  - Schroeder, Jeffery A.
AU  - Chung, William W.
T1  - Transfer of Training on the Vertical Motion Simulator.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2015/11//Nov/Dec2015
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1971
EP  - 1984
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper describes a quasi-transfer-of-training study in the NASA Ames Vertical Motion Simulator. Sixty-one general aviation pilots trained on four challenging commercial transport tasks under one of four different motion conditions: no motion, small hexapod, large hexapod, and Vertical Motion Simulator motion. Then, every pilot repeated the tasks in a check with Vertical Motion Simulator motion to determine if training with different motion conditions had an effect on task performance. New objective motion criteria guided the selection of the motion parameters for the small and large hexapod conditions. Considering results that were statistically significant, or marginally significant, the motion condition used in training affected 1) longitudinal and lateral touchdown position, 2) the number of secondary stall warnings in a stall recovery, 3) pilot ratings of motion utility and maximum load factor obtained in an overbanked upset recovery, and 4) pilot ratings of motion utility and pedal input reaction time in an engine-out-on-takeoff task. Because the training motion conditions revealed statistical differences on objective measures in all the tasks performed in the Vertical Motion Simulator motion check, with some in the direction not predicted, trainers should be cautious not to oversimplify the effects of platform motion. Evidence suggests that the new objective motion criteria may offer valid standardization benefits because increases in the training motion fidelity, as predicted by the two conditions covered by the criteria, resulted in expected trends in pilot ratings and objective performance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TUMBLING motion
KW  - HORIZONTAL motion
KW  - PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY
KW  - TURNAROUND time
KW  - AERONAUTICS
N1  - Accession Number: 112148556; Zaal, Peter M. T. 1; Email Address: peter.m.t.zaal@nasa.gov Schroeder, Jeffery A. 2; Email Address: jeffery.schroeder@faa.gov Chung, William W. 3; Email Address: william.w.chung@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Federal Aviation Administration, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Science Applications International Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Nov/Dec2015, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1971; Subject Term: TUMBLING motion; Subject Term: HORIZONTAL motion; Subject Term: PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: TURNAROUND time; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033115
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112148556&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - L'Ecuyer, Tristan S.
AU  - Beaudoing, H. K.
AU  - Rodell, M.
AU  - Olson, W.
AU  - Lin, B.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Clayson, C. A.
AU  - Wood, E.
AU  - Sheffield, J.
AU  - Adler, R.
AU  - Huffman, G.
AU  - Bosilovich, M.
AU  - Gu, G.
AU  - Robertson, F.
AU  - Houser, P. R.
AU  - Chambers, D.
AU  - Famiglietti, J. S.
AU  - Fetzer, E.
AU  - Liu, W. T.
AU  - Gao, X.
T1  - The Observed State of the Energy Budget in the Early Twenty-First Century.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 28
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 8319
EP  - 8346
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - New objectively balanced observation-based reconstructions of global and continental energy budgets and their seasonal variability are presented that span the golden decade of Earth-observing satellites at the start of the twenty-first century. In the absence of balance constraints, various combinations of modern flux datasets reveal that current estimates of net radiation into Earth's surface exceed corresponding turbulent heat fluxes by 13-24 W m−2. The largest imbalances occur over oceanic regions where the component algorithms operate independent of closure constraints. Recent uncertainty assessments suggest that these imbalances fall within anticipated error bounds for each dataset, but the systematic nature of required adjustments across different regions confirm the existence of biases in the component fluxes. To reintroduce energy and water cycle closure information lost in the development of independent flux datasets, a variational method is introduced that explicitly accounts for the relative accuracies in all component fluxes. Applying the technique to a 10-yr record of satellite observations yields new energy budget estimates that simultaneously satisfy all energy and water cycle balance constraints. Globally, 180 W m−2 of atmospheric longwave cooling is balanced by 74 W m−2 of shortwave absorption and 106 W m−2 of latent and sensible heat release. At the surface, 106 W m−2 of downwelling radiation is balanced by turbulent heat transfer to within a residual heat flux into the oceans of 0.45 W m−2, consistent with recent observations of changes in ocean heat content. Annual mean energy budgets and their seasonal cycles for each of seven continents and nine ocean basins are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - BIG data
KW  - ENTHALPY
KW  - Climatology
KW  - Energy budget/balance
KW  - Heat budgets/fluxes
KW  - Radiative fluxes
KW  - Satellite observations
KW  - Surface fluxes
N1  - Accession Number: 110643291; L'Ecuyer, Tristan S. 1 Beaudoing, H. K. 2,3 Rodell, M. 2 Olson, W. 4 Lin, B. 5 Kato, S. 5 Clayson, C. A. 6 Wood, E. 7 Sheffield, J. 7 Adler, R. 3 Huffman, G. 2 Bosilovich, M. 2 Gu, G. 2 Robertson, F. 8 Houser, P. R. 9 Chambers, D. 10 Famiglietti, J. S. 11 Fetzer, E. 11 Liu, W. T. 11 Gao, X. 12; Affiliation:  1: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  3: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology/University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Norfolk, Virginia  6: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts  7: Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey  8: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama  9: George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia  10: University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida  11: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California  12: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 28 Issue 21, p8319; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: BIG data; Subject Term: ENTHALPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy budget/balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat budgets/fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative fluxes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface fluxes; Number of Pages: 28p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 4 Graphs, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00556.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110643291&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Nishikawa, Hiroaki
T1  - Improved second-order hyperbolic residual-distribution scheme and its extension to third-order on arbitrary triangular grids.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 300
M3  - Article
SP  - 455
EP  - 491
SN  - 00219991
AB  - In this paper, we construct second- and third-order hyperbolic residual-distribution schemes for general advection–diffusion problems on arbitrary triangular grids. We demonstrate that the accuracy of the second-order hyperbolic schemes in [J. Comput. Phys. 227 (2007) 315–352] and [J. Comput. Phys. 229 (2010) 3989–4016] can be greatly improved by requiring the scheme to preserve exact quadratic solutions. The improved second-order scheme can be easily extended to a third-order scheme by further requiring the exactness for cubic solutions. These schemes are constructed based on the SUPG methodology formulated in the framework of the residual-distribution method, and thus can be considered as economical and powerful alternatives to high-order finite-element methods. For both second- and third-order schemes, we construct a fully implicit solver by the exact residual Jacobian of the proposed second-order scheme, and demonstrate rapid convergence, typically with no more than 10–15 Newton iterations (and about 200–800 linear relaxations per Newton iteration), to reduce the residuals by ten orders of magnitude. We also demonstrate that these schemes can be constructed based on a separate treatment of the advective and diffusive terms, which paves the way for the construction of hyperbolic residual-distribution schemes for the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Numerical results show that these schemes produce exceptionally accurate and smooth solution gradients on highly skewed and anisotropic triangular grids even for a curved boundary problem, without introducing curved elements. A quadratic reconstruction of the curved boundary normals and a high-order integration technique on curved boundaries are also provided in details. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADVECTION-diffusion equations
KW  - HYPERBOLIC processes
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - Finite volume
KW  - Fluctuation splitting
KW  - Hermite polynomial
KW  - High-order integration
KW  - Higher-order
KW  - Navier–Stokes
KW  - Quadratic reconstruction
KW  - SUPG
N1  - Accession Number: 109493509; Mazaheri, Alireza 1; Email Address: ali.r.mazaheri@nasa.gov Nishikawa, Hiroaki 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 300, p455; Subject Term: ADVECTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC processes; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite volume; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluctuation splitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hermite polynomial; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order integration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Higher-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quadratic reconstruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: SUPG; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.07.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liechty, Derek S.
AU  - Boyd, I.
T1  - Object-Oriented/Data-Oriented Design of a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Algorithm.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1521
EP  - 1529
SN  - 00224650
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - C++ (Computer program language)
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - MOTHERBOARDS (Microcomputers)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 112567351; Liechty, Derek S. 1 Boyd, I.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1521; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: C++ (Computer program language); Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: MOTHERBOARDS (Microcomputers); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33177
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, G. P.
AU  - Cummings, R.
T1  - Fast Database Generation for Parachute Cluster Using Navier-Stokes Equations on Supercomputers.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 52
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1542
EP  - 1550
SN  - 00224650
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - CLUSTER analysis (Statistics)
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - INCOMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid mechanics)
KW  - RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 112567353; Guruswamy, G. P. 1 Cummings, R.; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 94035; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 52 Issue 6, p1542; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: CLUSTER analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: INCOMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid mechanics); Subject Term: RESPONSE surfaces (Statistics); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33360
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
AU  - Kurien, Susan
AU  - Cambon, Claude
T1  - Scalar and tensor spherical harmonics expansion of the velocity correlation in homogeneous anisotropic turbulence.
JO  - Journal of Turbulence
JF  - Journal of Turbulence
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 16
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1058
EP  - 1075
SN  - 14685248
AB  - The representation theory of the rotation group is applied to construct a series expansion of the correlation tensor in homogeneous anisotropic turbulence. The resolution of angular dependence is the main analytical difficulty posed by anisotropic turbulence; representation theory parametrises this dependence by a tensor analogue of the standard spherical harmonics expansion of a scalar. The series expansion is formulated in terms of explicitly constructed tensor bases with scalar coefficients determined by angular moments of the correlation tensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Turbulence is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTATION groups
KW  - SCALAR field theory
KW  - CALCULUS of tensors
KW  - SPHERICAL harmonics
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics)
KW  - homogeneous turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 109421268; Rubinstein, Robert 1 Kurien, Susan 2 Cambon, Claude 3; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA  3: LMFA UMR 5509 CNRS - Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 69134Ecully, France; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p1058; Subject Term: ROTATION groups; Subject Term: SCALAR field theory; Subject Term: CALCULUS of tensors; Subject Term: SPHERICAL harmonics; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: homogeneous turbulence; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/14685248.2015.1051184
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, D.W.G.
AU  - Tornabene, L.L.
AU  - Osinski, G.R.
AU  - Hughes, S.S.
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
T1  - Formation of the “ponds” on asteroid (433) Eros by fluidization.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 117
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 118
SN  - 00320633
AB  - The “ponds” on asteroid (433) Eros are fine-grained deposits approximating flat (quasi-equipotential) surfaces with respect to local topographic depressions (e.g., craters) in spacecraft images. These ponds are discussed in the context of laboratory simulation experiments, crater-related ponded and pitted deposits observed on Mars and Vesta, terrestrial phreatic craters, and degassing features associated with eroded impact craters on Earth. While the details of formation of these features on Mars, Vesta and the Earth are thought to be different, they all include mechanisms that require the interactions between surface materials and volatiles (e.g., water vapor). Indeed, analogous features similar to the Eros ponds can be reproduced in the laboratory by the release of vapor (ice sublimation, water evaporation, or N 2 ) through an unconsolidated regolith (independent of regolith composition). Eros is widely thought to be dry, but the discovery of exogenic water on Vesta, and recent arguments that subsurface water might be present in the inner asteroid belt suggest that endogenic water might also be present and serve as a source of the gases produced in the ponds. The amount of water required is comparable to the amount of water observed in little-metamorphosed ordinary chondrites (a few wt%). The primary morphologic characteristics of the Eros ponds can be explained in this model. The heat source for degassing could have been solar heating following transfer from a main belt orbit to a near Earth orbit. Although other hypotheses (e.g., electrostatic levitation, seismic shaking, and comminution of boulders) can account for most of the features of the ponds, recent observations regarding the role of volatiles on planetary surfaces, our laboratory experiments, and fluidization deposits on active comets suggests that degassing is a reasonable hypothesis to be considered and further tested for explaining the Eros ponds, and similar features on other bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PONDS
KW  - FLUIDIZATION
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - ASTEROID belt
KW  - EROS (Asteroid)
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - Craters
KW  - Eros
KW  - Fluidization
KW  - Phreatic craters
KW  - Ponds
KW  - Vesta
N1  - Accession Number: 110409409; Sears, D.W.G. 1,2 Tornabene, L.L. 3 Osinski, G.R. 3,4 Hughes, S.S. 5 Heldmann, J.L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Planetary Systems Branch (MS245-3), Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Earth Sciences and Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7  5: Department of Geosciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 117, p106; Subject Term: PONDS; Subject Term: FLUIDIZATION; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: ASTEROID belt; Subject Term: EROS (Asteroid); Subject Term: ORBIT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eros; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluidization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phreatic craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ponds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vesta; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.05.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110409409&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alexandrov, Mikhail D.
AU  - Cairns, Brian
AU  - Wasilewski, Andrzej P.
AU  - Ackerman, Andrew S.
AU  - McGill, Matthew J.
AU  - Yorks, John E.
AU  - Hlavka, Dennis L.
AU  - Platnick, Steven E.
AU  - Thomas Arnold, G.
AU  - van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan
AU  - Chowdhary, Jacek
AU  - Ottaviani, Matteo
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk D.
T1  - Liquid water cloud properties during the Polarimeter Definition Experiment (PODEX).
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 169
M3  - Article
SP  - 20
EP  - 36
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present retrievals of water cloud properties from the measurements made by the Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) during the Polarimeter Definition Experiment (PODEX) held between January 14 and February 6, 2013. The RSP was onboard the high-altitude NASA ER-2 aircraft based at NASA Dryden Aircraft Operation Facility in Palmdale, California. The retrieved cloud characteristics include cloud optical thickness, effective radius and variance of cloud droplet size distribution derived using a parameter-fitting technique, as well as the complete droplet size distribution function obtained by means of Rainbow Fourier Transform. Multi-modal size distributions are decomposed into several modes and the respective effective radii and variances are computed. The methodology used to produce the retrieval dataset is illustrated on the examples of a marine stratocumulus deck off California coast and stratus/fog over California's Central Valley. In the latter case the observed bimodal droplet size distributions were attributed to two-layer cloud structure. All retrieval data are available online from NASA GISS website. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - POLARISCOPE
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - FOURIER transforms
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC wave scattering
KW  - Clouds and fog
KW  - Electromagnetic scattering
KW  - Mie theory
KW  - Optical particle characterization
KW  - Polarization
KW  - Rainbow
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 110323867; Alexandrov, Mikhail D. 1,2; Email Address: mda14@columbia.edu Cairns, Brian 2 Wasilewski, Andrzej P. 2,3 Ackerman, Andrew S. 2 McGill, Matthew J. 4 Yorks, John E. 4,5 Hlavka, Dennis L. 4,5 Platnick, Steven E. 4 Thomas Arnold, G. 4,5 van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan 2,6 Chowdhary, Jacek 1,2 Ottaviani, Matteo 2,7 Knobelspiesse, Kirk D. 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA  2: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA  3: Trinnovim, LLC, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD, USA  6: Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025, USA  7: Department of Electrical Engineering/NOAA CREST, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 169, p20; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: POLARISCOPE; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: FOURIER transforms; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC wave scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and fog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mie theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical particle characterization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polarization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rainbow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.07.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kar, J.
AU  - Vaughan, M.A.
AU  - Liu, Z.
AU  - Omar, A.H.
AU  - Trepte, C.R.
AU  - Tackett, J.
AU  - Fairlie, T.D.
AU  - Kowch, R.
T1  - Detection of pollution outflow from Mexico City using CALIPSO lidar measurements.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 169
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 211
SN  - 00344257
AB  - We present the evidence of regional scale outflow of particulate pollution from Mexico City using measurements from the space borne CALIPSO lidar. The vertically resolved results are presented for winter months when the large scale biomass burning from nearby areas is minimized, and the aerosol loading is dominated by anthropogenic outflow from the city. The particulate depolarization ratio in the outflowing plume has high values and reflects the influence of mixing of the urban pollution with the ubiquitous dust around the city. This is consistent with the results from previous field campaigns in the city and leads to polluted dust being the dominant aerosol subtype as identified by the CALIPSO algorithm. A first order estimate of the mass flux on two episodes using the aerosol extinction profiles from CALIPSO indicates outflow of several hundred tons per day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - BIOMASS burning
KW  - DUST
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - POLLUTION
KW  - MEXICO City (Mexico)
KW  - CALIPSO lidar measurements
KW  - Mexico City aerosol
KW  - Regional scale pollution outflow
N1  - Accession Number: 110323870; Kar, J. 1,2; Email Address: jayanta.kar@nasa.gov Vaughan, M.A. 2 Liu, Z. 1,2 Omar, A.H. 2 Trepte, C.R. 2 Tackett, J. 1,2 Fairlie, T.D. 2 Kowch, R. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 169, p205; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: BIOMASS burning; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: POLLUTION; Subject Term: MEXICO City (Mexico); Author-Supplied Keyword: CALIPSO lidar measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mexico City aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regional scale pollution outflow; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.08.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brosnan, Ian G.
T1  - An analysis of the relative success of applicants to the new STEM Presidential Management Fellowship and the NASA context.
JO  - Space Policy
JF  - Space Policy
Y1  - 2015/11//
VL  - 34
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 49
SN  - 02659646
AB  - In 2014, the U.S. Office of Personnel Management's Presidential Management Fellowship (PMF) Program initiated a pilot, PMF STEM, to bring recent graduates with advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields into federal service. The NASA Office of Human Capital was closely engaged, and the pilot was a welcome new avenue for STEM hiring. Here, I ask how the Finalists in this new STEM program fared relative to traditional PMF finalists. I find that the rates at which traditional PMF and PMF STEM Finalists in the Class of 2014 received their first appointment offers were significantly different (p = 0.0315), and PMF STEM Finalists were initially offered appointments at higher rates than the PMF Finalists. However, this advantage disappeared over time, possibly because the remaining PMF STEM Finalists were not a good fit to the available STEM opportunities. When the appointment period for the Class of 2014 closed, 58% of PMF STEM Finalists and 72% of PMF Finalists had received appointment offers. Although a smaller proportion of PMF STEM Finalists received offers in 2014, their offer rate was consistent with the long-term average. I briefly discuss the NASA context for these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Policy is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STEM education
KW  - EDUCATIONAL programs
KW  - HUMAN capital
KW  - NASA
KW  - PMF
KW  - Presidential Management Fellowship
KW  - STEM
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - UNITED States. Office of Personnel Management
N1  - Accession Number: 111488570; Brosnan, Ian G. 1; Email Address: ian.g.brosnan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-22, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 34, p47; Subject Term: STEM education; Subject Term: EDUCATIONAL programs; Subject Term: HUMAN capital; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Presidential Management Fellowship; Author-Supplied Keyword: STEM; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: UNITED States. Office of Personnel Management; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 921190 Other General Government Support; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.spacepol.2015.09.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mela, Christopher A.
AU  - Patterson, Carrie
AU  - Thompson, William K.
AU  - Papay, Francis
AU  - Liu, Yang
T1  - Stereoscopic Integrated Imaging Goggles for Multimodal Intraoperative Image Guidance.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2015/11/03/
VL  - 10
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - We have developed novel stereoscopic wearable multimodal intraoperative imaging and display systems entitled Integrated Imaging Goggles for guiding surgeries. The prototype systems offer real time stereoscopic fluorescence imaging and color reflectance imaging capacity, along with in vivo handheld microscopy and ultrasound imaging. With the Integrated Imaging Goggle, both wide-field fluorescence imaging and in vivo microscopy are provided. The real time ultrasound images can also be presented in the goggle display. Furthermore, real time goggle-to-goggle stereoscopic video sharing is demonstrated, which can greatly facilitate telemedicine. In this paper, the prototype systems are described, characterized and tested in surgeries in biological tissues ex vivo. We have found that the system can detect fluorescent targets with as low as 60 nM indocyanine green and can resolve structures down to 0.25 mm with large FOV stereoscopic imaging. The system has successfully guided simulated cancer surgeries in chicken. The Integrated Imaging Goggle is novel in 4 aspects: it is (a) the first wearable stereoscopic wide-field intraoperative fluorescence imaging and display system, (b) the first wearable system offering both large FOV and microscopic imaging simultaneously, (c) the first wearable system that offers both ultrasound imaging and fluorescence imaging capacities, and (d) the first demonstration of goggle-to-goggle communication to share stereoscopic views for medical guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - INTRAOPERATIVE monitoring
KW  - TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine
KW  - WEARABLE technology
KW  - INFORMATION sharing
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - Research Article
N1  - Accession Number: 110686635; Mela, Christopher A. 1 Patterson, Carrie 1 Thompson, William K. 2 Papay, Francis 3; Email Address: papayf@ccf.org Liu, Yang 1; Email Address: yliu@uakron.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America  2: John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America  3: Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America; Source Info: 11/3/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: INTRAOPERATIVE monitoring; Subject Term: TELECOMMUNICATION in medicine; Subject Term: WEARABLE technology; Subject Term: INFORMATION sharing; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0141956
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Campante, T. L.
AU  - Barclay, T.
AU  - Swift, J. J.
AU  - Huber, D.
AU  - Adibekyan, V. Zh.
AU  - Cochran, W.
AU  - Burke, C. J.
AU  - Isaacson, H.
AU  - Quintana, E. V.
AU  - Davies, G. R.
AU  - Aguirre, V. Silva
AU  - Ragozzine, D.
AU  - Riddle, R.
AU  - Baranec, C.
AU  - Basu, S.
AU  - Chaplin, W. J.
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
AU  - Metcalfe, T. S.
AU  - Bedding, T. R.
AU  - Handberg, R.
T1  - KOI-3158: The oldest known system of terrestrial-size planets.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2015/11/08/
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - The first discoveries of exoplanets around Sun-like stars have fueled efforts to find ever smaller worlds evocative of Earth and other terrestrial planets in the Solar System. While gas-giant planets appear to form preferentially around metal-rich stars, small planets (with radii less than four Earth radii) can form under a wide range of metallicities. This implies that small, including Earth-size, planets may have readily formed at earlier epochs in the Universe's history when metals were far less abundant. We report Kepler spacecraft observations of KOI-3158, a metal-poor Sun-like star from the old population of the Galactic thick disk, which hosts five planets with sizes between Mercury and Venus. We used asteroseismology to directly measure a precise age of 11.2 Â± 1.0 Gyr for the host star, indicating that KOI-3158 formed when the Universe was less than 20 % of its current age and making it the oldest known system of terrestrial-size planets. We thus show that Earth-size planets have formed throughout most of the Universe's 13.8-billion-year history, providing scope for the existence of ancient life in the Galaxy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110029174; Campante, T. L. 1,2; Email Address: campante@bison.ph.bham.ac.uk Barclay, T. 3,4 Swift, J. J. 5 Huber, D. 3,6,7 Adibekyan, V. Zh. 8,9 Cochran, W. 10 Burke, C. J. 3,6 Isaacson, H. 11 Quintana, E. V. 3,6 Davies, G. R. 1,2 Aguirre, V. Silva 2 Ragozzine, D. 12 Riddle, R. 13 Baranec, C. 14 Basu, S. 15 Chaplin, W. J. 1,2 Christensen-Dalsgaard, J. 2 Metcalfe, T. S. 2,16 Bedding, T. R. 2,7 Handberg, R. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK  2: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 1st Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  5: Department of Astronomy and Department of Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue #100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia  8: Centro de AstrofÃï¿½sica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  9: Instituto de AstrofÃï¿½sica e CiÃï¿½ncias do EspaÃ§o, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal  10: Department of Astronomy and McDonald Observatory, University of Texas, Austin, USA  11: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  12: Department of Physics and Space Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 West University Boulevard, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA  13: Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  14: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai-ï¿½i, MÄï¿½noa, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA  15: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  16: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 101, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201510102004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110029174&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hambleton, Kelly
AU  - Kurtz, Don
AU  - Prša, Andrej
AU  - Fuller, Jim
AU  - Thompson, Susan
T1  - Heartbeat Stars and the Ringing of Tidal Pulsations.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2015/11/08/
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - With the advent of high precision photometry from satellites such as Kepler and CoRoT, a whole new layer of interesting and astounding astronomical objects has been revealed: heartbeat stars are an example of such objects. Heartbeat stars are eccentric ellipsoidal variables that undergo strong tidal interactions when the stars are almost in contact at the time of closest approach. These interactions deform of the stars and cause a notable light curve variation in the form of a tidal pulse. A subset of these objects (~20%) show prominent tidally induced pulsations: pulsations forced by the binary orbit. We now have a fully functional code that models binary star features (using PHOEBE) and stellar pulsations simultaneously, enabling a complete and accurate heartbeat star model to be determined. In this paper we show the results of our new code, which uses emcee, a variant of mcmc, to generate a full set of stellar parameters. We further highlight the interesting features of KIC 8164262, including its tidally induced pulsations and resonantly locked pulsations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
KW  - COROT (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110029185; Hambleton, Kelly 1,2; Email Address: kmhambleton@uclan.ac.uk Kurtz, Don 1 Prša, Andrej 2 Fuller, Jim 3 Thompson, Susan 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Fylde Road, Preston, Lancashire, PR1 2HE England  2: Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085 USA  3: California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA 4 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA 5 SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 101, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: COROT (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201510104007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parmentier, Vivien
AU  - Guillot, Tristan
AU  - Showman, Adam P.
AU  - Fortney, Jonathan
AU  - Marley, Mark
T1  - Characterizing exoplanets atmospheres with space photometry at optical wavelengths.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2015/11/08/
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - Space photometry such as performed by Kepler and CoRoT provides exoplanets radius and phase curves with an exquisite precision. The phase curve constrains the longitudinal variation of the albedo and shed light on the horizontal distribution of clouds. The planet radius constraints thermal evolution of the planet, potentially unveiling its atmospheric composition. We present how the atmospheric circulation can affect the cloud distribution of three different planets, HD209458b, Kepler-7b and HD189733b based on three-dimensional models and analytical calculations. Then we use an analytical atmospheric model coupled to a state-of-the-art interior evolution code to study the role of TiO in shaping the thermal evolution and final radius of the planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - OPTICAL wavelength conversion
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC composition
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110029172; Parmentier, Vivien 1,2,3; Email Address: vivien.parmentier@oca.eu Guillot, Tristan 1 Showman, Adam P. 4 Fortney, Jonathan Marley, Mark 3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire Lagrange, UMR 7293, Université de Nice-Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, 06304 Nice Cedex 04, France  2: Department of Planetary Sciences, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Mofett Field, CA 94035  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 101, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: OPTICAL wavelength conversion; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC composition; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201510102002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110029172&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Van Eylen, Vincent
AU  - Lund, Mikkel N.
AU  - Aguirre, Victor Silva
AU  - Arentoft, Torben
AU  - Kjeldsen, Hans
AU  - Albrecht, Simon
AU  - Chaplin, William J.
AU  - Isaacson, Howard
AU  - Pedersen, May G.
AU  - Jessen-Hansen, Jens
AU  - Tingley, Brandon
AU  - Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen
AU  - Aerts, Conny
AU  - Campante, Tiago L.
AU  - Bryson, Steve T.
T1  - What asteroseismology can do for exoplanets.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2015/11/08/
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - We describe three useful applications of asteroseismology in the context of exoplanet science: (1) the detailed characterisation of exoplanet host stars; (2) the measurement of stellar inclinations; and (3) the determination of orbital eccentricity from transit duration making use of asteroseismic stellar densities. We do so using the example system Kepler-410 [1]. This is one of the brightest (V = 9.4) Kepler exoplanet host stars, containing a small (2.8 R) transiting planet in a long orbit (17.8 days), and one or more additional non-transiting planets as indicated by transit timing variations. The validation of Kepler-410 (KOI-42) was complicated due to the presence of a companion star, and the planetary nature of the system was confirmed after analyzing a Spitzer transit observation as well as ground-based follow-up observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SEISMOLOGY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - BRIGHTEST stars
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 110029175; Van Eylen, Vincent 1,2; Email Address: vincent@phys.au.dk Lund, Mikkel N. 1,3 Aguirre, Victor Silva 1 Arentoft, Torben 1 Kjeldsen, Hans 1 Albrecht, Simon 1,4 Chaplin, William J. 5 Isaacson, Howard 6 Pedersen, May G. 1 Jessen-Hansen, Jens 1 Tingley, Brandon 1 Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen 1 Aerts, Conny 2 Campante, Tiago L. 5 Bryson, Steve T. 7; Affiliation:  1: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  2: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200 B, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium  3: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  4: Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK  6: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94820, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 101, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: BRIGHTEST stars; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201510102005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110029175&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cliatt II, Larry J.
AU  - Hill, Michael A.
AU  - Haering Jr., Edward A.
AU  - Arnac, Sarah R.
T1  - A Summary of the Lateral Cutoff Analysis and Results from NASA's Farfield Investigation of No-boom Thresholds.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/11/09/
VL  - 1685
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - In support of the ongoing effort by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to bring supersonic commercial travel to the public, NASA, in partnership with other industry organizations, conducted a flight research experiment to analyze acoustic propagation at the lateral edge of the sonic boom carpet. The name of the effort was the Farfield Investigation of No-boom Thresholds (FaINT). The research from FaINT determined an appropriate metric for sonic boom waveforms in the transition and shadow zones called Perceived Sound Exposure Level, established a value of 65 dB as a limit for the acoustic lateral extent of a sonic boom's noise region, analyzed change in sonic boom levels near lateral cutoff, and compared between real sonic boom measurements and numerical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC wave propagation
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 110623498; Cliatt II, Larry J. 1; Email Address: larry.j.cliatt@nasa.gov Hill, Michael A. 1; Email Address: michael.a.hill-1@nasa.gov Haering Jr., Edward A. 1; Email Address: edward.a.haering@nasa.gov Arnac, Sarah R. 1; Email Address: sarah.arnac@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, USA 93523; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1685 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC wave propagation; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4934473
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110623498&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loubeau, Alexandra
AU  - Naka, Yusuke
AU  - Cook, Brian G.
AU  - Sparrow, Victor W.
AU  - Morgenstern, John M.
T1  - A New Evaluation of Noise Metrics for Sonic Booms Using Existing Data.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/11/09/
VL  - 1685
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - An evaluation of noise metrics for predicting human perception of sonic booms was performed. Twenty-five metrics were chosen from standards and from the literature in an effort to include all potentially relevant metrics. Three different datasets of sonic boom waveforms and associated human response were chosen to span a variety of signals, including traditional N-waves with various shock shapes and rise times, and predicted waveforms from designs of low-boom aircraft for a variety of aircraft sizes. These datasets were derived from laboratory studies conducted in sonic boom simulators at NASA Langley Research Center and JAXA. Simulations of booms experienced in both outdoor and indoor environments were included by using different facilities at NASA or modifications to facility configurations at JAXA. American and Japanese test subjects participated at NASA and JAXA, respectively. Ratings of loudness using a magnitude estimation technique and ratings of annoyance using a category line scaling method are included. The evaluation consists of linear correlations of human response data with the objective noise metrics. Results are presented for each study, and eight metrics are suggested for further analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 110623506; Loubeau, Alexandra 1; Email Address: a.loubeau@nasa.gov Naka, Yusuke 2 Cook, Brian G. 3 Sparrow, Victor W. 4 Morgenstern, John M. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 6-13-1 Osawa, Mitaka, 181-0015 Tokyo, Japan  3: Gulfstream Aerospace Corp., 500 Gulfstream Road, Savannah, GA 31408, USA  4: Pennsylvania State University, 201 Applied Science Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA  5: Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, 1011 Lockheed Way, B611 MC1142, Palmdale, CA 93599, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1685 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4934481
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110623506&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rathsam, Jonathan
AU  - Klos, Jacob
AU  - Loubeau, Alexandra
T1  - Influence of Chair Vibrations on Indoor Sonic Boom Annoyance.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2015/11/09/
VL  - 1685
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - One goal of NASA's Commercial Supersonic Technology Project is to identify candidate noise metrics suitable for regulating quiet sonic boom aircraft. A suitable metric must consider the short duration and pronounced low frequency content of sonic booms. For indoor listeners, rattle and creaking sounds and floor and chair vibrations may also be important. The current study examined the effect of such vibrations on the annoyance of test subjects seated indoors. The study involved two chairs exposed to nearly identical acoustic levels: one placed directly on the floor, and the other isolated from floor vibrations by pneumatic elastomeric mounts. All subjects experienced both chairs, sitting in one chair for the first half of the experiment and the other chair for the remaining half. Each half of the experiment consisted of 80 impulsive noises played at the exterior of the sonic boom simulator. When all annoyance ratings were analyzed together there appeared to be no difference in mean annoyance with isolation condition. When the apparent effect of transfer bias was removed, a subtle but measurable effect of vibration on annoyance was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - ELASTOMERS
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - SUPERSONIC planes
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 110623505; Rathsam, Jonathan 1; Email Address: jonathan.rathsam@nasa.gov Klos, Jacob 1; Email Address: j.klos@nasa.gov Loubeau, Alexandra 1; Email Address: a.loubeau@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Structural Acoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 463, Hampton, Virginia 23681 USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 1685 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: ELASTOMERS; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC planes; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Aeronautics); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325212 Synthetic Rubber Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4934480
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - V. V. Pipin
AU  - A. G. Kosovichev
T1  - EFFECTS OF LARGE-SCALE NON-AXISYMMETRIC PERTURBATIONS IN THE MEAN-FIELD SOLAR DYNAMO.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/11/10/
VL  - 813
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We explore the response of a nonlinear non-axisymmetric mean-field solar dynamo model to shallow non-axisymmetric perturbations. After a relaxation period, the amplitude of the non-axisymmetric field depends on the initial condition, helicity conservation, and the depth of perturbation. It is found that a perturbation that is anchored at 0.9 R⊙ has a profound effect on the dynamo process, producing a transient magnetic cycle of the axisymmetric magnetic field, if it is initiated at the growing phase of the cycle. The non-symmetric, with respect to the equator, perturbation results in a hemispheric asymmetry of the magnetic activity. The evolution of the axisymmetric and non-axisymmetric fields depends on the turbulent magnetic Reynolds number Rm. In the range of Rm = 104–106 the evolution returns to the normal course in the next cycle, in which the non-axisymmetric field is generated due to a nonlinear α-effect and magnetic buoyancy. In the stationary state, the large-scale magnetic field demonstrates a phenomenon of “active longitudes” with cyclic 180° “flip-flop” changes of the large-scale magnetic field orientation. The flip-flop effect is known from observations of solar and stellar magnetic cycles. However, this effect disappears in the model, which includes the meridional circulation pattern determined by helioseismology. The rotation rate of the non-axisymmetric field components varies during the relaxation period and carries important information about the dynamo process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - DYNAMO theory (Physics)
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
N1  - Accession Number: 110858428; V. V. Pipin 1,2,3,4 A. G. Kosovichev 3,4,5; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia  2: Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90065, USA  3: W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: New Jersey Institute of Technology, CA 92314, USA; Source Info: 11/10/2015, Vol. 813 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: DYNAMO theory (Physics); Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/813/2/134
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brice, Craig
AU  - Shenoy, Ravi
AU  - Kral, Milo
AU  - Buchannan, Karl
T1  - Precipitation behavior of aluminum alloy 2139 fabricated using additive manufacturing.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2015/11/11/
VL  - 648
M3  - Article
SP  - 9
EP  - 14
SN  - 09215093
AB  - Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging technology capable of producing near net shape structures in a variety of materials directly from a computer model. Standard metallic alloys that were developed for cast or wrought processing have largely been adopted for AM feedstock. In many applications, these legacy alloys are quite acceptable. In the aluminum alloy family, however, there is a significant performance gap between the casting alloys currently being used in AM processes and the high strength/toughness capability available in certain wrought alloys. The precipitation hardenable alloys, most often used in high performance structures, present challenges for processing by AM. The near net shape nature of AM processes does not allow for mechanical work prior to the heat treatment that is often necessary to develop a uniform distribution of precipitates and give peak mechanical performance. This paper examines the aluminum (Al) alloy 2139, a composition that is strengthened by homogeneous precipitation of Ω (Al 2 Cu) plates and thus ideally suited for near net shape processes like AM. Transmission electron microscopy, microhardness, and tensile testing determined that, with proper processing conditions, Al 2139 can be additively manufactured and subsequently heat treated to strength levels comparable to those of peak aged wrought Al 2139. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - THREE-dimensional printing
KW  - METAL castings
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - Additive manufacturing
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Characterization
N1  - Accession Number: 110385650; Brice, Craig 1; Email Address: craig.a.brice@lmco.com Shenoy, Ravi 2 Kral, Milo 3 Buchannan, Karl 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Northrop Grumman Corporation Technical Services, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 648, p9; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional printing; Subject Term: METAL castings; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Additive manufacturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Characterization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331529 Other Nonferrous Metal Foundries (except Die-Casting); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2015.08.088
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110385650&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seol, Myeong-Lok
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Jeon, Seung-Bae
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Choi, Yang-Kyu
T1  - Floating Oscillator-Embedded Triboelectric Generator for Versatile Mechanical Energy Harvesting.
JO  - Scientific Reports
JF  - Scientific Reports
Y1  - 2015/11/13/
M3  - Article
SP  - 16409
SN  - 20452322
AB  - A versatile vibration energy harvesting platform based on a triboelectricity is proposed and analyzed. External mechanical vibration repeats an oscillating motion of a polymer-coated metal oscillator floating inside a surrounding tube. Continuous sidewall friction at the contact interface of the oscillator induces current between the inner oscillator electrode and the outer tube electrode to convert mechanical vibrations into electrical energy. The floating oscillator-embedded triboelectric generator (FO-TEG) is applicable for both impulse excitation and sinusoidal vibration which universally exist in usual environment. For the impulse excitation, the generated current sustains and slowly decays by the residual oscillation of the floating oscillator. For the sinusoidal vibration, the output energy can be maximized by resonance oscillation. The operating frequency range can be simply optimized with high degree of freedom to satisfy various application requirements. In addition, the excellent immunity against ambient humidity is experimentally demonstrated, which stems from the inherently packaged structure of FO-TEG. The prototype device provides a peak-to-peak open-circuit voltage of 157 V and instantaneous short-circuit current of 4.6 μA, within sub-10 Hz of operating frequency. To visually demonstrate the energy harvesting behavior of FO-TEG, lighting of an array of LEDs is demonstrated using artificial vibration and human running. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scientific Reports is the property of Nature Publishing Group and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRIBOELECTRICITY
KW  - ENERGY harvesting
KW  - MECHANICAL energy
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics)
KW  - ELECTRICAL energy
N1  - Accession Number: 110929424; Seol, Myeong-Lok 1 Han, Jin-Woo 2 Jeon, Seung-Bae 1 Meyyappan, M. 2 Choi, Yang-Kyu 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Source Info: 11/13/2015, p16409; Subject Term: TRIBOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: ENERGY harvesting; Subject Term: MECHANICAL energy; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTRICAL energy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1038/srep16409
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Peng, Tishun
AU  - Liu, Yongming
AU  - Saxena, Abhinav
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - In-situ fatigue life prognosis for composite laminates based on stiffness degradation.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 132
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 165
SN  - 02638223
AB  - In this paper, a real-time composite fatigue life prognosis framework is proposed. The proposed methodology combines Bayesian inference, piezoelectric sensor measurements, and a mechanical stiffness degradation model for in-situ fatigue life prediction. First, the composites stiffness degradation is introduced to account for the composites fatigue damage accumulation under cyclic loadings and a new growth rate-based stiffness degradation model is developed. Following this, the general Bayesian updating-based fatigue life prediction method is discussed. Several sources of uncertainties and the developed stiffness degradation model are included in the prognosis framework. Next, an in-situ composites fatigue testing with piezoelectric sensors is designed and performed to collected sensor signal and the global stiffness data. Signal processing techniques are implemented to extract damage diagnosis features. The detected stiffness degradation is integrated in the Bayesian inference framework for the remaining useful life (RUL) prediction. Prognosis performance on experimental data is validated using prognostics metric. Finally, some conclusions and future work are drawn based on the proposed study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - Bayesian inference
KW  - Composites
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Prognosis
KW  - Stiffness
KW  - Structural health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 109106322; Peng, Tishun 1 Liu, Yongming 1; Email Address: yongming.liu@asu.edu Saxena, Abhinav 2 Goebel, Kai 3; Affiliation:  1: School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  2: SGT, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 132, p155; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian inference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prognosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stiffness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural health monitoring; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.05.006
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hu, Y.L.
AU  - De Carvalho, N.V.
AU  - Madenci, E.
T1  - Peridynamic modeling of delamination growth in composite laminates.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 132
M3  - Article
SP  - 610
EP  - 620
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Delamination growth predictions in previous peridynamic models were based on the assumption of constant critical stretch for each interlayer bond interaction. This study presents a new approach to terminate the interlayer peridynamic bonds. The critical stretch of a bond is implicitly determined by using the measured critical energy release rate values for different modes of deformation, and can vary depending on the degree of deformation. The bond failure occurs when the amount of energy required to remove the bonds across a unit surface equals the critical energy release rate of the interface between the two layers. This approach is applied to model delamination growth in double cantilever beam (DCB) (Mode I) and transverse crack tension (TCT) (Mode II dominated) specimens. The peridynamic predictions correlate well with the numerical and experimental results available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SURFACE cracks
KW  - CANTILEVERS
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Mode I
KW  - Mode II
KW  - Peridynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 109106312; Hu, Y.L. 1; Email Address: yilehu@email.arizona.edu De Carvalho, N.V. 2; Email Address: nelson.carvalho@nasa.gov Madenci, E. 1; Email Address: madenci@email.arizona.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, resident at: Durability, Damage Tolerance and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 132, p610; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SURFACE cracks; Subject Term: CANTILEVERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mode I; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mode II; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peridynamics; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.05.079
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109106312&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Di Sciuva, Marco
AU  - Gherlone, Marco
AU  - Iurlaro, Luigi
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
T1  - A class of higher-order C0 composite and sandwich beam elements based on the Refined Zigzag Theory.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 132
M3  - Article
SP  - 784
EP  - 803
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Based on the Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT), a class of efficient higher-order C 0 -continuous beam elements is formulated and numerically assessed. The attention is mainly on the choice of shape functions that allow for free shear locking effects in slender beams. For this purpose, interdependent/anisoparametric interpolations are adopted to approximate the four independent kinematic variables. To achieve simpler (with a reduced number of nodal dofs) elements, a constraint condition on the axial variation of the effective transverse shear strain is adopted, which consists in reducing the polynomial degree of the shear strain measure (or, equivalently, the shear force), by one order. The issues investigated for the assessment are (i) shear locking, i.e., strategies for formulating shear-locking free C 0 refined zigzag beam elements, (ii) computational efficiency, and (iii) predictive capability and accuracy. Accuracy and predictive capabilities of the proposed class of higher-order beam elements are numerically assessed by analyzing cantilevered beams over a range of loading conditions, lamination sequences, heterogeneous material properties, and slenderness ratios. It is concluded that the constraint condition on the transverse shear strain gives rise to a remarkably accurate class of higher-order C 0 constrained refined zigzag beam elements, which offer the best compromise between computational efficiency and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - VARIATIONAL principles
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - Composite and sandwich beam
KW  - Finite elements
KW  - Refined Zigzag Theory
KW  - Shear locking
KW  - Transverse shear stress
KW  - Variational principle
N1  - Accession Number: 109106235; Di Sciuva, Marco 1; Email Address: marco.disciuva@polito.it Gherlone, Marco 1; Email Address: marco.gherlone@polito.it Iurlaro, Luigi 1; Email Address: luigi.iurlaro@polito.it Tessler, Alexander 2; Email Address: alexander.tessler-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering – Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch – NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 132, p784; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: VARIATIONAL principles; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite and sandwich beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refined Zigzag Theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shear locking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transverse shear stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Variational principle; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.06.071
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Sears, Derek W.G.
AU  - Coates, John D.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Brundrett, Maeghan
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Böhlke, J.K.
T1  - Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System.
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 430
M3  - Article
SP  - 470
EP  - 476
SN  - 0012821X
AB  - Perchlorate ( ClO 4 − ) and chlorate ( ClO 3 − ) are ubiquitous on Earth and ClO 4 − has also been found on Mars. These species can play important roles in geochemical processes such as oxidation of organic matter and as biological electron acceptors, and are also indicators of important photochemical reactions involving oxyanions; on Mars they could be relevant for human habitability both in terms of in situ resource utilization and potential human health effects. For the first time, we extracted, detected and quantified ClO 4 − and ClO 3 − in extraterrestrial, non-planetary samples: regolith and rock samples from the Moon, and two chondrite meteorites (Murchison and Fayetteville). Lunar samples were collected by astronauts during the Apollo program, and meteorite samples were recovered immediately after their fall. This fact, together with the heterogeneous distribution of ClO 4 − and ClO 3 − within some of the samples, and their relative abundance with respect to other soluble species (e.g., NO 3 − ) are consistent with an extraterrestrial origin of the oxychlorine species. Our results, combined with the previously reported widespread occurrence on Earth and Mars, indicate that ClO 4 − and ClO 3 − could be present throughout the Solar System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth & Planetary Science Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHLORATES
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ELECTROPHILES
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - chlorate
KW  - chondrite
KW  - Fayetteville
KW  - meteorite
KW  - Murchinson
KW  - perchlorate
N1  - Accession Number: 110007993; Jackson, W. Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.jackson@ttu.edu Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3 Sears, Derek W.G. 3,4 Coates, John D. 5 McKay, Christopher P. 3 Brundrett, Maeghan 1 Estrada, Nubia 1 Böhlke, J.K. 6; Affiliation:  1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA  2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 430, p470; Subject Term: CHLORATES; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ELECTROPHILES; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Author-Supplied Keyword: chlorate; Author-Supplied Keyword: chondrite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fayetteville; Author-Supplied Keyword: meteorite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Murchinson; Author-Supplied Keyword: perchlorate; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.09.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110007993&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horner, Allison L.
AU  - Czabaj, Michael W.
AU  - Davidson, Barry D.
AU  - Ratcliffe, James G.
T1  - Three-dimensional crack surface evolution in mode III delamination toughness tests.
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 149
M3  - Article
SP  - 313
EP  - 325
SN  - 00137944
AB  - The three-dimensional evolution of a delamination and multiple coupled transverse cracks is studied in laminated tape composites using different mode III tests and specimens. All combinations produce 45° transverse cracks that initiate at the delamination front prior to delamination advance. For unidirectional laminates, the transverse crack length is governed by thickness, whereas for multidirectional laminates the transverse crack length is controlled by the ply angle and stacking sequence. These and other details of laminate architecture are shown to dictate the crack surface evolution, and provide distinguishing characteristics between the different laminates tested as well as in comparison to homogenous materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - FRACTURE toughness
KW  - SHEAR waves
KW  - STACKING machines
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTING composites
KW  - Composites
KW  - Crack growth
KW  - Fractography
KW  - Fracture mechanics
KW  - Toughness testing
N1  - Accession Number: 111441860; Horner, Allison L. 1; Email Address: aljohn08@syr.edu Czabaj, Michael W. 2; Email Address: m.czabaj@utah.edu Davidson, Barry D. 1; Email Address: bddavids@syr.edu Ratcliffe, James G. 3; Email Address: james.g.ratcliffe@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Durability, Damage Tolerance, and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 149, p313; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: FRACTURE toughness; Subject Term: SHEAR waves; Subject Term: STACKING machines; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTING composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fractography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Toughness testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333924 Industrial Truck, Tractor, Trailer, and Stacker Machinery Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333920 Material handling equipment manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2015.07.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Williams, K.E.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
T1  - Modeling the effects of martian surface frost on ice table depth.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 261
M3  - Article
SP  - 58
EP  - 65
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Ground ice has been observed in small fresh craters in the vicinity of the Viking 2 lander site (48°N, 134°E). To explain these observations, current models for ground ice invoke levels of atmospheric water of 20 precipitable micrometers – higher than observations. However, surface frost has been observed at the Viking 2 site and surface water frost and snow have been shown to have a stabilizing effect on Antarctic subsurface ice. A snow or frost cover provides a source of humidity that should reduce the water vapor gradient and hence retard the sublimation loss from subsurface ice. We have modeled this effect for the Viking 2 landing site with combined ground ice and surface frost models. Our model is driven by atmospheric output fields from the NASA Ames Mars General Circulation Model (MGCM). Our modeling results show that the inclusion of a thin seasonal frost layer, present for a duration similar to that observed by the Viking Lander 2, produces ice table depths that are significantly shallower than a model that omits surface frost. When a maximum frost albedo of 0.35 was permitted, seasonal frost is present in our model from Ls = 182° to Ls = 16°, resulting in an ice table depth of 64 cm – which is 24 cm shallower than the frost-free scenario. The computed ice table depth is only slightly sensitive to the assumed maximum frost albedo or thickness in the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - GROUND ice
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - MICROMETERS (Instruments)
KW  - SNOW cover
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Ices
KW  - Mars, climate
KW  - Mars, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 109568448; Williams, K.E. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Heldmann, J.L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Montana State University, Department of Earth Sciences, Bozeman, MT 59717, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences and Astrobiology, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 261, p58; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: GROUND ice; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: MICROMETERS (Instruments); Subject Term: SNOW cover; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332210 Cutlery and hand tool manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332216 Saw Blade and Handtool Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.005
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina M.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Mastrapa, Rachel M.E.
AU  - Lewis, Emma
AU  - White, Oliver L.
T1  - Impact craters: An ice study on Rhea.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 261
M3  - Article
SP  - 80
EP  - 90
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The goal of this project is to study the properties of H 2 O ice in the environment of the Saturn satellites and in particular to measure the relative amounts of crystalline and amorphous H 2 O ice in and around two craters on Rhea. The craters are remnants of cataclysmic events that, by raising the local temperature, melted the ice, which subsequently crystallized. Based on laboratory experiments it is expected that, when exposed to ion bombardment at the temperatures typical of the Saturn satellites, the crystalline structure of the ice will be broken, resulting in the disordered, amorphous phase. We therefore expect the ice in and around the craters to be partially crystalline and partially amorphous. We have designed a technique that estimates the relative amounts of crystalline and amorphous H 2 O ice based on measurements of the distortion of the 2-μm spectral absorption band. The technique is best suited for planetary surfaces that are predominantly icy, but works also for surfaces slightly contaminated with other ices and non-ice components. We apply the tool to two areas around the Inktomi and the Obatala craters. The first is a young impact crater on the leading hemisphere of Rhea, the second is an older one on the trailing hemisphere. For each crater we obtain maps of the fraction of crystalline ice, which were overlain onto Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) images of the satellite searching for correlations between crystallinity and geography. For both craters the largest fractions of crystalline ice are in the center, as would be intuitively expected since the ‘ground zero’ areas should be most affected by the effects of the impact. The overall distribution of the crystalline ice fraction maps the shape of the crater and, in the case of Inktomi, of the rays. The Inktomi crater ranges between a maximum fraction of 67% crystalline ice to a minimum of 39%. The Obatala crater varies between a maximum of 51% and a minimum of 33%. Based on simplifying assumptions and the knowledge that crystalline ice exposed to ion bombardment transforms into amorphous at a known rate, we estimate the age of the Obatala crater to be ∼450 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRATERING
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - ICE crystals
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
KW  - ION bombardment
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Ices, IR spectroscopy
KW  - Saturn, satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 109568450; Dalle Ore, Cristina M. 1,2; Email Address: Cristina.M.DalleOre@nasa.gov Cruikshank, Dale P. 1 Mastrapa, Rachel M.E. 1 Lewis, Emma 3 White, Oliver L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  3: Swarthmore College, 500 College Avenue, Swarthmore, PA 19081, United States; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 261, p80; Subject Term: CRATERING; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: ICE crystals; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Subject Term: ION bombardment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, satellites; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ouannes, K.
AU  - Lebbou, K.
AU  - Walsh, Brian-M.
AU  - Poulain, M.
AU  - Alombert-Goget, G.
AU  - Guyot, Y.
T1  - New Er3+ doped antimony oxide based glasses: Thermal analysis, structural and spectral properties.
JO  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
JF  - Journal of Alloys & Compounds
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 649
M3  - Article
SP  - 564
EP  - 572
SN  - 09258388
AB  - The novel oxide glass compositions based on Sb 2 O 3 are elaborated and characterized, in the system (90-X)Sb 2 O 3 –10Na 2 O–XBi 2 O 3 (SNB). We are interested in bismuth rates incorporated into the glass, its effect on the different physical properties that have been measured, and especially, in radiative and spectroscopic properties of erbium doped SNB glasses. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements show an improvement of the stability factor, ΔT , of the glasses, which can indicate a reinforcement of the network. Both FTIR and Raman spectra have also been considered in terms of bismuth influence. As a function of composition, we have principally measured optical absorption, visible and infrared emission, and lifetime. The Judd–Ofelt parameters measured from the absorption spectra have been used to calculate the radiative lifetime ( τ r ) and the stimulated emission cross section. The spectroscopic quality factor χ = Ω 4 / Ω 6 = 0.73, low phonon energy of ∼600–700 cm −1 , a reduced quenching effect, and a high quantum efficiency of 90% for the 1.53 μm measured emission, by pumping at 980 nm, are in favor of promising laser applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Alloys & Compounds is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTIMONY oxides
KW  - DOPING agents (Chemistry)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - METALLIC glasses
KW  - ERBIUM compounds
KW  - THERMAL stability
KW  - Luminescence
KW  - Optical materials
KW  - Optical properties
KW  - Optical spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 109356773; Ouannes, K. 1 Lebbou, K. 2; Email Address: kheirreddine.lebbou@univ-lyon1.fr Walsh, Brian-M. 3 Poulain, M. 4 Alombert-Goget, G. 2 Guyot, Y. 2; Affiliation:  1: Faculté des Sciences et de la Technologie, Université de Biskra, BP 145 RP, 07000, Biskra, Algeria  2: Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306 Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622, Villeurbanne, France  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, United States  4: UMR 6226- Verres et Céramiques – Campus de Beaulieu, Université de Rennes1, 35042, Rennes, France; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 649, p564; Subject Term: ANTIMONY oxides; Subject Term: DOPING agents (Chemistry); Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: METALLIC glasses; Subject Term: ERBIUM compounds; Subject Term: THERMAL stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optical spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.07.113
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Solá, F.
AU  - Bhatt, R.
T1  - Mapping the local modulus of Sylramic silicon carbide fibers by nanoindentation.
JO  - Materials Letters
JF  - Materials Letters
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 159
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 398
SN  - 0167577X
AB  - Silicon carbide (SiC) fibers are an important component of SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMC). Service requirements for SiC/SiC CMC components in turbine engines are several hundreds of hours in pertinent combustion gas environments. This inflicts great challenges in terms of testing and in validating components under the required service hours. Modeling and computational methods are a cost-effective approach to explore CMC performance. However, there is still a need of experimental data on local variations in modulus that can be used to feed more realistic models. In this letter, the local modulus of Sylramic fibers is mapped by nanoindentation analysis. It is shown that while average modulus values of fibers maybe identical, its local modulus mapping are quite different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - SILICA fibers
KW  - NANOINDENTATION
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - COMBUSTION gases
KW  - Ceramics
KW  - Elastic properties
KW  - Electron microscopy
KW  - Fiber technology
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 109551919; Solá, F. 1; Email Address: francisco.sola-lopez@nasa.gov Bhatt, R. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 159, p395; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: SILICA fibers; Subject Term: NANOINDENTATION; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: COMBUSTION gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electron microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matlet.2015.07.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karmakar, Biswajit
AU  - Venturelli, Davide
AU  - Chirolli, Luca
AU  - Giovannetti, Vittorio
AU  - Fazio, Rosario
AU  - Roddaro, Stefano
AU  - Pfeiffer, Loren N.
AU  - West, Ken W.
AU  - Taddei, Fabio
AU  - Pellegrini, Vittorio
T1  - Nanoscale Mach-Zehnder interferometer with spin-resolved quantum Hall edge states.
JO  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
JF  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 92
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 10980121
AB  - We realize a nanoscale-area Mach-Zehnder interferometer with co-propagating quantum Hall spin-resolved edge states and demonstrate the persistence of gate-controlled quantum interference oscillations, as a function of an applied magnetic field, at relatively large temperatures. Arrays of top-gate magnetic nanofingers are used to induce a resonant charge transfer between the pair of spin-resolved edge states. To account for the pattern of oscillations measured as a function of magnetic field and gate voltage, we have developed a simple theoretical model which satisfactorily reproduces the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - QUANTUM Hall effect
KW  - QUANTUM interference
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 112079135; Karmakar, Biswajit 1,2 Venturelli, Davide 3,4 Chirolli, Luca 5 Giovannetti, Vittorio 2 Fazio, Rosario 2,6 Roddaro, Stefano 7 Pfeiffer, Loren N. 8 West, Ken W. 8 Taddei, Fabio 7 Pellegrini, Vittorio 7,9; Affiliation:  1: Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, I/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India  2: NEST, Scuola Normale Superiore, and Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, I-56126 Pisa, Italy  3: NASA Ames Research Center Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (QuAIL), Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS), 615 National, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  5: IMDEA Nanoscience, Calle de Faraday 9, E-28049 Madrid, Spain  6: ICTP, Strada Costiera 11, I-34151 Trieste, Italy  7: NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56126 Pisa, Italy  8: School of Engineering and Applied Science, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA  9: Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 92 Issue 19, p1; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: QUANTUM Hall effect; Subject Term: QUANTUM interference; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevB.92.195303
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, D.
T1  - The Explored Asteroids: Science and Exploration in the Space Age.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 194
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 139
EP  - 235
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Interest in asteroids is currently high in view of their scientific importance, the impact hazard, and the in situ resource opportunities they offer. They are also a case study of the intimate relationship between science and exploration. A detailed review of the twelve asteroids that have been visited by eight robotic spacecraft is presented here. While the twelve explored asteroids have many features in common, like their heavily cratered and regolith covered surfaces, they are a remarkably diverse group. Some have low-eccentricity orbits in the main belt, while some are potentially hazardous objects. They range from dwarf planets to primary planetesimals to fragments of larger precursor objects to tiny shards. One has a moon. Their surface compositions range from basaltic to various chondrite-like compositions. Here their properties are reviewed and what was confirmed and what was newly learned is discussed, and additionally the explored asteroids are compared with comets and meteorites. Several topics are developed. These topics are the internal structure of asteroids, water distribution in the inner solar system and its role in shaping surfaces, and the meteoritic links. It is suggested, that asteroid-scale grooves, ridges, and catenas on several explored asteroids argue against these asteroids having rubble pile interiors, i.e. interiors made when impact fragments reaccumulate. The only body for which this is not true is the tiny Itokawa and it is argued that this asteroid is a regolith breccia. The discovery of water on Vesta, fluidization textures on comets and possibly Eros, and the relatively large number of active asteroids inside the purported snowline, suggests that significant subsurface water may be present on asteroids in the inner solar system and may partly account for their low densities. The explored asteroids have also confirmed the linkage of the HED meteorites with Vesta and Itokawa with the ordinary chondrite meteorites, Eros is somewhat problematical. So while diversity, and the range of sizes, histories, and surface compositions, is the hall mark of the explored asteroids, the number of explored asteroids is small compared with the diversity of material expected on the basis of asteroid astronomy and meteorite geochemistry. The exploration of the solar system's asteroids has only just begun. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS & civilization
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - DWARF planets
KW  - PLANETESIMALS
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - Active asteroids
KW  - Annefrank
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Braille
KW  - Ceres
KW  - Comet nuclei
KW  - Datyl
KW  - Eros
KW  - Gaspra
KW  - Ida
KW  - Itokawa
KW  - Lutetia
KW  - Mathilde
KW  - Missions
KW  - Steins
KW  - Toutatis
KW  - Vesta
N1  - Accession Number: 111160521; Sears, D. 1; Email Address: derek.sears@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division (MS 245-3), Bay Area Environmental Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View 94035 USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 194 Issue 1-4, p139; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS & civilization; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: DWARF planets; Subject Term: PLANETESIMALS; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Author-Supplied Keyword: Active asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Annefrank; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Braille; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comet nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: Datyl; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eros; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gaspra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ida; Author-Supplied Keyword: Itokawa; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lutetia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathilde; Author-Supplied Keyword: Missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Steins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Toutatis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vesta; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 97p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-015-0202-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blaber, Elizabeth A.
AU  - Finkelstein, Hayley
AU  - Dvorochkin, Natalya
AU  - Sato, Kevin Y.
AU  - Yousuf, Rukhsana
AU  - Burns, Brendan P.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
AU  - Almeida, Eduardo A.C.
T1  - Microgravity Reduces the Differentiation and Regenerative Potential of Embryonic Stem Cells.
JO  - Stem Cells & Development
JF  - Stem Cells & Development
Y1  - 2015/11/15/
VL  - 24
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 2605
EP  - 2621
SN  - 15473287
AB  - Mechanical unloading in microgravity is thought to induce tissue degeneration by various mechanisms, including inhibition of regenerative stem cell differentiation. To address this hypothesis, we investigated the effects of microgravity on early lineage commitment of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using the embryoid body (EB) model of tissue differentiation. We found that exposure to microgravity for 15 days inhibits mESC differentiation and expression of terminal germ layer lineage markers in EBs. Additionally, microgravity-unloaded EBs retained stem cell self-renewal markers, suggesting that mechanical loading at Earth's gravity is required for normal differentiation of mESCs. Finally, cells recovered from microgravity-unloaded EBs and then cultured at Earth's gravity showed greater stemness, differentiating more readily into contractile cardiomyocyte colonies. These results indicate that mechanical unloading of stem cells in microgravity inhibits their differentiation and preserves stemness, possibly providing a cellular mechanistic basis for the inhibition of tissue regeneration in space and in disuse conditions on earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Stem Cells & Development is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments -- Physiological effect
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EMBRYONIC stem cell research
KW  - TISSUE differentiation
KW  - CELL differentiation in mammals
KW  - HEART cells
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
N1  - Accession Number: 110848308; Blaber, Elizabeth A. 1,2 Finkelstein, Hayley 1 Dvorochkin, Natalya 1 Sato, Kevin Y. 3 Yousuf, Rukhsana 1 Burns, Brendan P. 2,4 Globus, Ruth K. 1 Almeida, Eduardo A.C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  2: School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.  3: FILMSS Wyle, Space Biology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.  4: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 24 Issue 22, p2605; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EMBRYONIC stem cell research; Subject Term: TISSUE differentiation; Subject Term: CELL differentiation in mammals; Subject Term: HEART cells; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/scd.2015.0218
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suwen Wang
AU  - J A Lipa
AU  - D-H Gwo
AU  - K Triebes
AU  - J P Turneaure
AU  - R P Farley
AU  - D Davidson
AU  - K A Bower
AU  - E B Acworth
AU  - R J Bernier
AU  - L W Huff
AU  - P F Schweiger
AU  - J H Goebel
T1  - The design and performance of the Gravity Probe B telescope.
JO  - Classical & Quantum Gravity
JF  - Classical & Quantum Gravity
Y1  - 2015/11/19/
VL  - 32
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 02649381
AB  - The Gravity Probe B spacecraft was launched on 20 April 2004 to measure the geodetic and frame-dragging effects predicted by the theory of general relativity. A cryogenic optical telescope was used to establish the inertial reference frame for the measurements by tracking a reference or guide star. The motion of this star was independently checked by reference to background galaxies. With the mission now over, we describe the design, construction and evaluation of the optical and electrical performance of the telescope, comparing ground and flight results. We find that the pointing noise was sufficiently low to meet the mission requirements and in fair agreement with extrapolations from ground tests. Due to slight defocusing, the linear range of the telescope output was significantly wider than expected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Classical & Quantum Gravity is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELESCOPES -- Design & construction
KW  - GEODETIC satellites
KW  - GENERAL relativity (Physics)
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - GRAVITY Probe B (Artificial satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 110963224; Suwen Wang 1,2; Email Address: suwen.meister@gmail.com J A Lipa 1 D-H Gwo 1 K Triebes 3 J P Turneaure 1 R P Farley 4,5 D Davidson 5,6 K A Bower 1 E B Acworth 1 R J Bernier 1 L W Huff 4 P F Schweiger 4 J H Goebel 3; Affiliation:  1: Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA  2: Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed.  3: Space Projects Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California, USA  4: Lockheed-Martin Missiles and Space, Palo Alto, California, USA  5: Deceased  6: Davidson Optronics, Inc., West Covina, California, USA; Source Info: 11/19/2015, Vol. 32 Issue 22, p1; Subject Term: TELESCOPES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: GEODETIC satellites; Subject Term: GENERAL relativity (Physics); Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Company/Entity: GRAVITY Probe B (Artificial satellite); NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0264-9381/32/22/224008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haskins, Justin B.
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Ab InitioSimulations and ElectronicStructure of Lithium-Doped Ionic Liquids: Structure, Transport, andElectrochemical Stability.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2015/11/19/
VL  - 119
IS  - 46
M3  - Article
SP  - 14705
EP  - 14719
SN  - 15206106
AB  - Density functional theory (DFT),density functional theory moleculardynamics (DFT-MD), and classical molecular dynamics using polarizableforce fields (PFF-MD) are employed to evaluate the influence of Li+on the structure, transport, and electrochemical stabilityof three potential ionic liquid electrolytes: N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide([pyr14][TFSI]), N-methyl-N-propylpyrrolidiniumbis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([pyr13][FSI]), and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazoliumboron tetrafluoride ([EMIM][BF4]). We characterize theLi+solvation shell through DFT computations of [Li(Anion)n](n−1)–clusters, DFT-MD simulations of isolated Li+in smallionic liquid systems, and PFF-MD simulations with high Li-doping levelsin large ionic liquid systems. At low levels of Li-salt doping, highlystable solvation shells having two to three anions are seen in both[pyr14][TFSI] and [pyr13][FSI], whereas solvation shells with fouranions dominate in [EMIM][BF4]. At higher levels of doping,we find the formation of complex Li-network structures that increasethe frequency of four anion-coordinated solvation shells. A comparisonof computational and experimental Raman spectra for a wide range of[Li(Anion)n](n−1)–clusters shows that our proposed structures are consistent withexperiment. We then compute the ion diffusion coefficients and findmeasures from small-cell DFT-MD simulations to be the correct orderof magnitude, but influenced by small system size and short simulationlength. Correcting for these errors with complementary PFF-MD simulations,we find DFT-MD measures to be in close agreement with experiment.Finally, we compute electrochemical windows from DFT computationson isolated ions, interacting cation/anion pairs, and liquid-phasesystems with Li-doping. For the molecular-level computations, we generallyfind the difference between ionization energy and electron affinityfrom isolated ions and interacting cation/anion pairs to provide upperand lower bounds, respectively, to experiment. In the liquid phase,we find the difference between the lowest unoccupied and highest occupiedelectronic levels in pure and hybrid functionals to provide lowerand upper bounds, respectively, to experiment. Li-doping in the liquid-phasesystems results in electrochemical windows little changed from theneat systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIC liquids
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - AB initio methods (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - LITHIUM compounds
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - IONIZATION energy
N1  - Accession Number: 111064048; Haskins, Justin B. 1 Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1 Lawson, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: †AMA Inc., Thermal Protection MaterialsBranch, Mail Stop 234-1, ‡Entry Systems andTechnology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, and §Thermal Protection Materials Branch,Mail Stop 234-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, UnitedStates; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 119 Issue 46, p14705; Subject Term: IONIC liquids; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: AB initio methods (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: LITHIUM compounds; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: IONIZATION energy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - I. Pascucci
AU  - S. Edwards
AU  - M. Heyer
AU  - E. Rigliaco
AU  - L. Hillenbrand
AU  - U. Gorti
AU  - D. Hollenbach
AU  - M. N. Simon
T1  - NARROW Na AND K ABSORPTION LINES TOWARD T TAURI STARS: TRACING THE ATOMIC ENVELOPE OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/11/20/
VL  - 814
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a detailed analysis of narrow Na i and K i absorption resonance lines toward nearly 40 T Tauri stars in Taurus with the goal of clarifying their origin. The Na i λ5889.95 line is detected toward all but one source, while the weaker K i λ7698.96 line is detected in about two-thirds of the sample. The similarity in their peak centroids and the significant positive correlation between their equivalent widths demonstrate that these transitions trace the same atomic gas. The absorption lines are present toward both disk and diskless young stellar objects, which excludes cold gas within the circumstellar disk as the absorbing material. A comparison of Na i and CO detections and peak centroids demonstrates that the atomic gas and molecular gas are not co-located, the atomic gas being more extended than the molecular gas. The width of the atomic lines corroborates this finding and points to atomic gas about an order of magnitude warmer than the molecular gas. The distribution of Na i radial velocities shows a clear spatial gradient along the length of the Taurus molecular cloud filaments. This suggests that absorption is associated with the Taurus molecular cloud. Assuming that the gradient is due to cloud rotation, the rotation of the atomic gas is consistent with differential galactic rotation, whereas the rotation of the molecular gas, although with the same rotation axis, is retrograde. Our analysis shows that narrow Na i and K i absorption resonance lines are useful tracers of the atomic envelope of molecular clouds. In line with recent findings from giant molecular clouds, our results demonstrate that the velocity fields of the atomic and molecular gas are misaligned. The angular momentum of a molecular cloud is not simply inherited from the rotating Galactic disk from which it formed but may be redistributed by cloud–cloud interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
N1  - Accession Number: 111017934; I. Pascucci 1; Email Address: pascucci@lpl.arizona.edu S. Edwards 2 M. Heyer 3 E. Rigliaco 4 L. Hillenbrand 5 U. Gorti 6,7 D. Hollenbach 6 M. N. Simon 1; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Five College Astronomy Department, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA  4: Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland  5: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 11/20/2015, Vol. 814 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/14
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. D. Adams
AU  - T. L. Herter
AU  - J. L. Hora
AU  - N. Schneider
AU  - R. M. Lau
AU  - J. G. Staguhn
AU  - R. Simon
AU  - N. Smith
AU  - R. D. Gehrz
AU  - L. E. Allen
AU  - S. Bontemps
AU  - S. J. Carey
AU  - G. G. Fazio
AU  - R. A. Gutermuth
AU  - A. Guzman Fernandez
AU  - M. Hankins
AU  - T. Hill
AU  - E. Keto
AU  - X. P. Koenig
AU  - K. E. Kraemer
T1  - SOFIA/FORCAST OBSERVATIONS OF WARM DUST IN S106: A FRAGMENTED ENVIRONMENT.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/11/20/
VL  - 814
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present mid-IR (19–37 μm) imaging observations of S106 from SOFIA/FORCAST, complemented with IR observations from Spitzer/IRAC (3.6–8.0 μm), IRTF/MIRLIN (11.3 and 12.5 μm), and Herschel/PACS (70 and 160 μm). We use these observations, observations in the literature, and radiation transfer modeling to study the heating and composition of the warm (∼100 K) dust in the region. The dust is heated radiatively by the source S106 IR, with little contributions from grain–electron collisions and Lyα radiation. The dust luminosity is ≳(9.02 ± 1.01) × 104L⊙, consistent with heating by a mid- to late-type O star. We find a temperature gradient (∼75–107 K) in the lobes, which is consistent with a dusty equatorial geometry around S106 IR. Furthermore, the SOFIA observations resolve several cool (∼65–70 K) lanes and pockets of warmer (∼75–90 K) dust in the ionization shadow, indicating that the environment is fragmented. We model the dust mass as a composition of amorphous silicates, amorphous carbon, big grains, very small grains, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We present the relative abundances of each grain component for several locations in S106. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMIC dust
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL surveys
KW  - AIR pollutants
KW  - COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics)
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 111017913; J. D. Adams 1,2 T. L. Herter 2 J. L. Hora 3 N. Schneider 4 R. M. Lau 2 J. G. Staguhn 5,6 R. Simon 4 N. Smith 7 R. D. Gehrz 8 L. E. Allen 9 S. Bontemps 10 S. J. Carey 11 G. G. Fazio 3 R. A. Gutermuth 12 A. Guzman Fernandez 3 M. Hankins 2 T. Hill 13 E. Keto 3 X. P. Koenig 14 K. E. Kraemer 15; Affiliation:  1: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Universities Space Research Association, NASA/Armstrong Flight Research Center, 2825 East Avenue P, Palmdale, CA 93550, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: KOSMA, I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, D-50937 Köln, Germany  5: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721-0065, USA  8: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  9: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  10: Université Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804, CNRS, F-33270, Floirac, France  11: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  12: Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, LGRT-B 619E, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003-9305, USA  13: Joint ALMA Observatory, 3107 Alonso de Cordova, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile  14: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  15: Institute for Scientific Research, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA; Source Info: 11/20/2015, Vol. 814 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL surveys; Subject Term: AIR pollutants; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics); Company/Entity: STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/54
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sara Beck
AU  - Jean Turner
AU  - John Lacy
AU  - Thomas Greathouse
T1  - IONIZED GAS KINEMATICS AT HIGH RESOLUTION. V. [Ne ii], MULTIPLE CLUSTERS, HIGH EFFICIENCY STAR FORMATION, AND BLUE FLOWS IN HE 2–10.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/11/20/
VL  - 814
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We measured the 12.8 μm [Ne ii] line in the dwarf starburst galaxy He 2–10 with the high-resolution spectrometer TEXES on the NASA IRTF. The data cube has a diffraction-limited spatial resolution of ∼1″ and a total velocity resolution, including thermal broadening, of ∼5 km s−1. This makes it possible to compare the kinematics of individual star-forming clumps and molecular clouds in the three dimensions of space and velocity, and allows us to determine star formation efficiencies. The kinematics of the ionized gas confirm that the starburst contains multiple dense clusters. From the M/R of the clusters and the ≃30%–40% star formation efficiencies, the clusters are likely to be bound and long lived, like globulars. Non-gravitational features in the line profiles show how the ionized gas flows through the ambient molecular material, as well as a narrow velocity feature, which we identify with the interface of the H ii region and a cold dense clump. These data offer an unprecedented view of the interaction of embedded H ii regions with their environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - IONIZED gases
KW  - IONIZED air
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 111017942; Sara Beck 1,2 Jean Turner 3 John Lacy 4 Thomas Greathouse 2,5; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228-0510, USA; Source Info: 11/20/2015, Vol. 814 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: IONIZED gases; Subject Term: IONIZED air; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/16
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trevor J. David
AU  - John Stauffer
AU  - Lynne A. Hillenbrand
AU  - Ann Marie Cody
AU  - Kyle Conroy
AU  - Keivan G. Stassun
AU  - Benjamin Pope
AU  - Suzanne Aigrain
AU  - Ed Gillen
AU  - Andrew Collier Cameron
AU  - David Barrado
AU  - L. M. Rebull
AU  - Howard Isaacson
AU  - Geoffrey W. Marcy
AU  - Celia Zhang
AU  - Reed L. Riddle
AU  - Carl Ziegler
AU  - Nicholas M. Law
AU  - Christoph Baranec
T1  - HII 2407: AN ECLIPSING BINARY REVEALED BY K2 OBSERVATIONS OF THE PLEIADES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/11/20/
VL  - 814
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The star HII 2407 is a member of the relatively young Pleiades star cluster and was previously discovered to be a single-lined spectroscopic binary. It is newly identified here within Kepler/K2 photometric time series data as an eclipsing binary system. Mutual fitting of the radial velocity and photometric data leads to an orbital solution and constraints on fundamental stellar parameters. While the primary has arrived on the main sequence, the secondary is still pre-main sequence and we compare our results for the M/M⊙ and R/R⊙ values with stellar evolutionary models. We also demonstrate that the system is likely to be tidally synchronized. Follow-up infrared spectroscopy is likely to reveal the lines of the secondary, allowing for dynamically measured masses and elevating the system to benchmark eclipsing binary status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLEIADES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - REFLECTION nebulae
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - BINARY pulsars
N1  - Accession Number: 111017958; Trevor J. David 1,2; Email Address: tjd@astro.caltech.edu John Stauffer 3 Lynne A. Hillenbrand 1 Ann Marie Cody 4 Kyle Conroy 5 Keivan G. Stassun 5,6 Benjamin Pope 7 Suzanne Aigrain 7 Ed Gillen 7 Andrew Collier Cameron 8 David Barrado 9 L. M. Rebull 3 Howard Isaacson 10 Geoffrey W. Marcy 10 Celia Zhang 1 Reed L. Riddle 1 Carl Ziegler 11 Nicholas M. Law 11 Christoph Baranec 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.  3: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  6: Department of Physics, Fisk University, Nashville, TN 37208, USA  7: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  8: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK  9: Centro de Astrobiología, INTA-CSIC, Dpto. Astrofísica, ESAC Campus, P.O. Box 78, E-28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  10: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA  12: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA; Source Info: 11/20/2015, Vol. 814 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLEIADES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: REFLECTION nebulae; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: BINARY pulsars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/814/1/62
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brehm, Christoph
AU  - Barad, Michael F.
AU  - Housman, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Kiris, Cetin C.
T1  - A comparison of higher-order finite-difference shock capturing schemes.
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2015/11/20/
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 208
SN  - 00457930
AB  - The efficiency of computational fluid dynamics simulations can be greatly enhanced by employing higher-order accurate numerical schemes which provide superior accuracy for a given cost. For unsteady turbulent flow simulations involving shocks, contacts, and/or material discontinuities, various higher-order shock capturing schemes are available in the literature. The desired numerical scheme should be free of spurious numerical oscillations across discontinuities and it should obtain higher-order accuracy in smooth flow regions in an efficient manner. Sufficient robustness is necessary for effectively utilizing these numerical methods in engineering and science applications. Three classes of higher-order shock capturing schemes are compared in this paper: (1) central finite-difference schemes with explicit artificial dissipation, (2) a compact centered finite-difference scheme with localized artificial diffusivity and (3) weighted essentially non-oscillatory schemes in both explicit and compact finite difference forms. Multiple variations of these methods were implemented and tested using a block-structured Cartesian mesh solver. The current paper assesses shock capturing capabilities as well as effects on the accuracy in smooth flow regions using a variety of test cases that range from canonical shock problems to homogeneous isotropic turbulence at a turbulent Mach number of 0.5 where shocklets are formed. Finally, a computational cost breakdown for each scheme is provided and the overall computational efficiency of the different schemes are compared to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - FINITE differences
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - SHOCK waves -- Measurement
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - ROBUST statistics
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - Artificial dissipation
KW  - Finite difference
KW  - Higher order
KW  - Localized artificial diffusivity
KW  - Shock capturing
KW  - WENO
KW  - WO
N1  - Accession Number: 112666597; Brehm, Christoph 1; Email Address: cbrehm@email.arizona.edu Barad, Michael F. 1 Housman, Jeffrey A. 1 Kiris, Cetin C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Science and Technology Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 122, p184; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: FINITE differences; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: SHOCK waves -- Measurement; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: ROBUST statistics; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite difference; Author-Supplied Keyword: Higher order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Localized artificial diffusivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock capturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO; Author-Supplied Keyword: WO; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.08.023
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Penteado, E. M.
AU  - Boogert, A. C. A.
AU  - Pontoppidan, K. M.
AU  - Ioppolo, S.
AU  - Blake, G. A.
AU  - Cuppen, H. M.
T1  - Spectroscopic constraints on CH3OH formation: CO mixed with CH3OH ices towards young stellar objects.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/11/21/
VL  - 454
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 531
EP  - 540
SN  - 00358711
AB  - The prominent infrared absorption band of solid CO - commonly observed towards young stellar objects (YSOs) - consists of three empirically determined components. The broad 'red component' (2136 cm-1, 4.681 µm) is generally attributed to solid CO mixed in a hydrogen-bonded environment. Usually, CO embedded in the abundantly present water is considered. However, CO:H2O mixtures cannot reproduce the width and position of the observed red component without producing a shoulder at 2152 cm-1, which is not observed in astronomical spectra. Cuppen et al. showed that CO:CH3OH mixtures do not suffer from this problem. Here, this proposition is expanded by comparing literature laboratory spectra of different CO-containing ice mixtures to high-resolution (R = λ/Δλ = 25 000) spectra of the massive YSO AFGL 7009S and of the low-mass YSO L1489 IRS. The previously unpublished spectrum of AFGL 7009S shows a wide band of solid 13CO, the first detection of 13CO ice in the polar phase. In this source, both the 12CO and 13CO ice bands are well fitted with CO:CH3OH mixtures, while respecting the profiles and depths of the methanol bands at other wavelengths, whereas mixtures with H2O cannot. The presence of a gradient in the CO:CH3OH mixing ratio in the grain mantles is also suggested. Towards L1489 IRS, the profile of the 12CO band is also better fitted with CH3OH-containing ices, although the CH3OH abundance needed is a factor of 2.4 above previous measurements. Overall, however, the results are reasonably consistent with models and experiments about formation of CH3OH by the hydrogenation of CO ices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - METHYL groups
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - INFRARED absorption
KW  - HYDROGEN bonding
KW  - astrochemistry
KW  - infrared: ISM
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - stars: formation
KW  - stars: individual: L1489 IRS, AFGL 7009S
N1  - Accession Number: 110609237; Penteado, E. M. 1; Email Address: e.monfardini@science.ru.nl Boogert, A. C. A. 2 Pontoppidan, K. M. 3 Ioppolo, S. 4 Blake, G. A. 5 Cuppen, H. M. 1; Email Address: H.Cuppen@science.ru.nl; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalsweg 135, NL-6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands  2: Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: Department of Physical Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK  5: Division of Geological & Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 11/21/2015, Vol. 454 Issue 1, p531; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: METHYL groups; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: INFRARED absorption; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: ISM; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: L1489 IRS, AFGL 7009S; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv1987
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qi Yu
AU  - Bowman, Joel M.
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Mancini, John S.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Crawford, T. Daniel
AU  - Klemperer, William
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
T1  - Structure, Anharmonic Vibrational Frequencies, and Intensities of NNHNN+.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2015/11/25/
VL  - 119
IS  - 47
M3  - Article
SP  - 11623
EP  - 11631
SN  - 10895639
AB  - A semiglobal potential energy surface (PES) and quartic force field (QFF) based on fitting high-level electronic structure energies are presented to describe the structures and spectroscopic properties of NNHNN+. The equilibrium structure of NNHNN+ is linear with the proton equidistant between the two nitrogen groups and thus of D∞h symmetry. Vibrational second-order perturbation theory (VPT2) calculations based on the QFF fails to describe the proton "rattle" motion, i.e., the antisymmetric proton stretch, due to the very flat nature of PES around the global minimum but performs properly for other modes with sharper potential wells. Vibrational self-consistent field/virtual state configuration interaction (VSCF/VCI) calculations using a version of MULTIMODE without angular momentum terms successfully describe this motion and predict the fundamental to be at 759 cm-1. This is in good agreement with the value of 746 cm-1 from a fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo calculation and the experimental Ar-tagged result of 743 cm-1. Other VSCF/VCI energies are in good agreement with other experimentally reported ones. Both double-harmonic intensity and rigorous MULTIMODE intensity calculations show the proton-transfer fundamental has strong intensity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - POTENTIAL well
N1  - Accession Number: 111214069; Qi Yu 1 Bowman, Joel M. 1; Email Address: jmbowma@emory.edu Fortenberry, Ryan C. 2; Email Address: rfortenberry@georgiasouthern.edu Mancini, John S. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 3 Crawford, T. Daniel 4 Klemperer, William 5 Francisco, Joseph S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States  2: Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States  4: Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States  5: Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States  6: Department of Chemistry, University of NebraskaLincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 119 Issue 47, p11623; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: POTENTIAL well; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09682
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111214069&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Torres-Pérez, Juan L.
AU  - Guild, Liane S.
AU  - Armstrong, Roy A.
AU  - Corredor, Jorge
AU  - Zuluaga-Montero, Anabella
AU  - Polanco, Ramón
T1  - Relative Pigment Composition and Remote Sensing Reflectance of Caribbean Shallow-Water Corals.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2015/11/30/
VL  - 10
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Reef corals typically contain a number of pigments, mostly due to their symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates. These pigments usually vary in presence and concentration and influence the spectral characteristics of corals. We studied the variations in pigment composition among seven Caribbean shallow-water Scleractinian corals by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis to further resolve the discrimination of corals. We found a total of 27 different pigments among the coral species, including some alteration products of the main pigments. Additionally, pigments typically found in endolithic algae were also identified. A Principal Components Analysis and a Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed the separation of coral species based on pigment composition. All the corals were collected under the same physical environmental conditions. This suggests that pigment in the coral’s symbionts might be more genetically-determined than influenced by prevailing physical conditions of the reef. We further investigated the use of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) as a tool for estimating the total pigment concentration of reef corals. Depending on the coral species, the Rrs and the total symbiont pigment concentration per coral tissue area correlation showed 79.5–98.5% confidence levels demonstrating its use as a non-invasive robust technique to estimate pigment concentration in studies of coral reef biodiversity and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PIGMENTS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - WATER depth
KW  - CORALS
KW  - Research Article
N1  - Accession Number: 111279614; Torres-Pérez, Juan L. 1; Email Address: juan.l.torresperez@nasa.gov Guild, Liane S. 2 Armstrong, Roy A. 3 Corredor, Jorge 4 Zuluaga-Montero, Anabella 5 Polanco, Ramón 6; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Bldg 245, Rm. 120, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, United States of America  2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Bldg 245, Rm. 120, P.O. Box 1, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, United States of America  3: Bio-optical Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 00680, United States of America  4: Chemical Oceanography Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 00680, United States of America  5: Sociedad Ambiente Marino, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, 00931, United States of America  6: Universidad del Turabo, Escuela de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, Gurabo, Puerto Rico, 00778, United States of America; Source Info: 11/30/2015, Vol. 10 Issue 11, p1; Subject Term: PIGMENTS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: WATER depth; Subject Term: CORALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325130 Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0143709
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111279614&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazanek, Daniel D.
AU  - Merrill, Raymond G.
AU  - Brophy, John R.
AU  - Mueller, Robert P.
T1  - Asteroid Redirect Mission concept: A bold approach for utilizing space resources.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 117
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 171
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The utilization of natural resources from asteroids is an idea that is older than the Space Age. The technologies are now available to transform this endeavor from an idea into reality. The Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) is a mission concept which includes the goal of robotically returning a small Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) or a multi-ton boulder from a large NEA to cislunar space in the mid-2020s using an advanced Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) vehicle and currently available technologies. The paradigm shift enabled by the ARM concept would allow in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) to be used at the human mission departure location (i.e., cislunar space) versus exclusively at the deep-space mission destination. This approach drastically reduces the barriers associated with utilizing ISRU for human deep-space missions. The successful testing of ISRU techniques and associated equipment could enable large-scale commercial ISRU operations to become a reality and enable a future space-based economy utilizing processed asteroidal materials. This paper provides an overview of the ARM concept and discusses the mission objectives, key technologies, and capabilities associated with the mission, as well as how the ARM and associated operations would benefit humanity׳s quest for the exploration and settlement of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR-earth asteroids
KW  - EXTRATERRESTRIAL resources
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS & civilization
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems
KW  - DEEP space
KW  - Asteroid Redirect Mission
KW  - Asteroid resources
KW  - In-situ resource utilization (ISRU)
KW  - Settlement of space
KW  - Solar electric propulsion
KW  - Space exploration
N1  - Accession Number: 110512393; Mazanek, Daniel D. 1; Email Address: Daniel.D.Mazanek@nasa.gov Merrill, Raymond G. 1; Email Address: Raymond.G.Merrill@nasa.gov Brophy, John R. 2; Email Address: John.R.Brophy@nasa.gov Mueller, Robert P. 1; Email Address: Robert.P.Mueller@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory – California Institute of Technology, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 117, p163; Subject Term: NEAR-earth asteroids; Subject Term: EXTRATERRESTRIAL resources; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS & civilization; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Electric propulsion systems; Subject Term: DEEP space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid Redirect Mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid resources; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-situ resource utilization (ISRU); Author-Supplied Keyword: Settlement of space; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar electric propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.06.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110512393&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arisman, C. J.
AU  - Johansen, C. T.
AU  - Bathel, B. F.
AU  - Danehy, P. M.
T1  - Investigation of Gas Seeding for Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Hypersonic Boundary Layers.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 53
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3637
EP  - 3651
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Numerical simulations of the gas-seeding strategies required for planar laser-induced fluorescence in a Mach 10 (approximately Mach 8.2 postshock) airflow were performed. The work was performed to understand and quantify the adverse effects associated with gas seeding and to assess various types of seed gas that could potentially be used in future experiments. In prior experiments, NO and NO2 were injected through a slot near the leading edge of a flat-plate wedge model used in NASA Langley Research Center's 31 in. Mach 10 air tunnel facility. In this paper, nitric oxide, krypton, and iodine gases were simulated at various injection rates. Simulations showing the deflection of the velocity boundary layer for each of the cases are presented. Streamwise distributions of velocity and concentration boundary-layer thicknesses, as well as vertical distributions of velocity, temperature, and mass distributions, are presented for each of the cases. A comparison between simulated streamwise velocity profiles and experimentally obtained molecular tagging velocimetry profiles using a nitric oxide seeding strategy is performed to verify the influence of such a strategy on the boundary layer. The relative merits of the different seeding strategies are discussed. The results from a custom solver based on OpenFOAM version 2.2.1 are compared against results obtained from ANSYS® Fluent version 6.3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANAR laser-induced fluorescence
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - HYPERSONICS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - AIR flow
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 112958636; Arisman, C. J. 1,2 Johansen, C. T. 1,3 Bathel, B. F. 4,5 Danehy, P. M. 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada  2: Graduate Student, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering  3: Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  5: Research Scientist, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, MS 493; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 53 Issue 12, p3637; Subject Term: PLANAR laser-induced fluorescence; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: HYPERSONICS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: AIR flow; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053892
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112958636&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Naoko Tokugawa
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Hiroaki Ishikawa
AU  - Yoshine Ueda
AU  - Keisuke Fujii
AU  - Takashi Atobe
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
AU  - White, Jeffery
T1  - Pressure Gradient Effects on Supersonic Transition over Axisymmetric Bodies at Incidence.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 53
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3737
EP  - 3751
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Boundary-layer transition on axisymmetric bodies at a nonzero angle of attack in Mach 2 supersonic flow was investigated using experimental measurements and linear stability analysis. Transition over four axisymmetric bodies (namely, the Sears-Haack body, the semi-Sears-Haack body, the straight cone, and the flared cone) with different axial pressure gradients was measured in two different facilities with different unit Reynolds numbers. The semi-Sears-Haack body and flared cone were designed specifically to achieve a broader range of axial pressure distributions. Measurements revealed a dramatic effect of body shape on transition behavior near the leeward plane of symmetry. For a body shape with an adverse pressure gradient (that is, a flared cone), the measured transition patterns show an earlier transition location along the leeward symmetry plane in comparison with the neighboring azimuthal locations. For a nearly zero pressure gradient (that is, the straight cone), such leeward-first transition is observed only at the larger unit Reynolds number. Finally, transition occurs farther downstream along the leeward plane for the remaining two body shapes with a favorable pressure gradient. The observed transition patterns are partially consistent with the numerical predictions based on linear stability analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics)
KW  - STABILITY theory
KW  - AXIAL flow
KW  - REYNOLDS number
N1  - Accession Number: 112958644; Naoko Tokugawa 1,2 Choudhari, Meelan 3,4 Hiroaki Ishikawa 5 Yoshine Ueda 6 Keisuke Fujii 2,7 Takashi Atobe 7,8 Fei Li 3,4 Chau-Lyan Chang 3,4 White, Jeffery 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan  2: Senior Researcher, Aeronautical Technology Directorate  3: Computational Aero Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  4: Aerospace Technologist, Computational Aero Sciences Branch, M.S. 128  5: ASIRI, Inc., Tokyo 163-1343, Japan  6: Tryangle, Inc., Tokyo 160-0023, Japan  7: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tokyo 182-8522, Japan  8: Associate Senior Researcher, Aeronautical Technology Directorate; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 53 Issue 12, p3737; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ANGLE of attack (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: STABILITY theory; Subject Term: AXIAL flow; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054070
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112958644&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
T1  - Role of Unsteady Aerodynamics During Aeroelastic Optimization.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 53
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3826
EP  - 3831
SN  - 00011452
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - PERIODICAL publishing
KW  - PUBLISHERS & publishing
N1  - Accession Number: 112958651; Stanford, Bret K. 1,2; Email Address: bert.k.stanford@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Aerospace Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 53 Issue 12, p3826; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: PERIODICAL publishing; Subject Term: PUBLISHERS & publishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511120 Periodical Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511130 Book Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054314
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112958651&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ben Placek
AU  - Kevin H. Knuth
AU  - Daniel Angerhausen
AU  - Jon M. Jenkins
T1  - CHARACTERIZATION OF KEPLER-91B AND THE INVESTIGATION OF A POTENTIAL TROJAN COMPANION USING EXONEST.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/12//12/1/2015
VL  - 814
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Presented here is an independent re-analysis of the Kepler light curve of Kepler-91 (KIC 8219268). Using the EXONEST software package, which provides both Bayesian parameter estimation and Bayesian model testing, we were able to re-confirm the planetary nature of Kepler-91b. In addition to the primary and secondary eclipses of Kepler-91b, a third dimming event appears to occur approximately 60o away (in phase) from the secondary eclipse, leading to the hypothesis that a Trojan planet may be located at the L4 or L5 Lagrange points. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation of four possibilities to explain the observed dimming event using all available photometric data from the Kepler Space Telescope, recently obtained radial velocity measurements, and N-body simulations. We find that the photometric model describing Kepler-91b and a Trojan planet is highly favored over the model involving Kepler-91b alone. However, it predicts an unphysically high temperature for the Trojan companion, leading to the conclusion that the extra dimming event is likely a false-postive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - SPACE telescopes
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - ECLIPSES
N1  - Accession Number: 111309084; Ben Placek 1 Kevin H. Knuth 1,2 Daniel Angerhausen 3,4,5 Jon M. Jenkins 6; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, University at Albany (SUNY), Albany, NY 12222, USA  2: Present Address: Department of Informatics, University at Albany (SUNY), Albany, NY 12222, USA.  3: Department of Physics, Applied Physics, and Astronomy, Rensselear Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Exoplanets & Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2015, Vol. 814 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: ECLIPSES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/147
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111309084&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - William M. J. Best
AU  - Michael C. Liu
AU  - Eugene A. Magnier
AU  - Niall R. Deacon
AU  - Kimberly M. Aller
AU  - Joshua Redstone
AU  - W. S. Burgett
AU  - K. C. Chambers
AU  - P. Draper
AU  - H. Flewelling
AU  - K. W. Hodapp
AU  - N. Kaiser
AU  - N. Metcalfe
AU  - J. L. Tonry
AU  - R. J. Wainscoat
AU  - C. Waters
T1  - A SEARCH FOR L/T TRANSITION DWARFS WITH PAN-STARRS1 AND WISE. II. L/T TRANSITION ATMOSPHERES AND YOUNG DISCOVERIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/12//12/1/2015
VL  - 814
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The evolution of brown dwarfs from L to T spectral types is one of the least understood aspects of the ultracool population, partly for lack of a large, well-defined, and well-characterized sample in the L/T transition. To improve the existing census, we have searched ≈28,000 deg2 using the Pan-STARRS1 and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer surveys for L/T transition dwarfs within 25 pc. We present 130 ultracool dwarf discoveries with estimated distances ≈9–130 pc, including 21 that were independently discovered by other authors and 3 that were previously identified as photometric candidates. Seventy-nine of our objects have near-IR spectral types of L6–T4.5, the most L/T transition dwarfs from any search to date, and we have increased the census of L9–T1.5 objects within 25 pc by over 50%. The color distribution of our discoveries provides further evidence for the “L/T gap,” a deficit of objects with (J − K)MKO ≈ 0.0–0.5 mag in the L/T transition, and thus reinforces the idea that the transition from cloudy to clear photospheres occurs rapidly. Among our discoveries are 31 candidate binaries based on their low-resolution spectral features. Two of these candidates are common proper motion companions to nearby main sequence stars; if confirmed as binaries, these would be rare benchmark systems with the potential to stringently test ultracool evolutionary models. Our search also serendipitously identified 23 late-M and L dwarfs with spectroscopic signs of low gravity implying youth, including 10 with vl-g or int-g gravity classifications and another 13 with indications of low gravity whose spectral types or modest spectral signal-to-noise ratio do not allow us to assign formal classifications. Finally, we identify 10 candidate members of nearby young moving groups (YMG) with spectral types L7–T4.5, including three showing spectroscopic signs of low gravity. If confirmed, any of these would be among the coolest known YMG members and would help to determine the effective temperature at which young brown dwarfs cross the L/T transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - STELLAR dynamics
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - BINARY stars
N1  - Accession Number: 111309081; William M. J. Best 1,2; Email Address: wbest@ifa.hawaii.edu Michael C. Liu 1,2 Eugene A. Magnier 1 Niall R. Deacon 3 Kimberly M. Aller 1,2 Joshua Redstone 4 W. S. Burgett 5 K. C. Chambers 1 P. Draper 6 H. Flewelling 1 K. W. Hodapp 1 N. Kaiser 1 N. Metcalfe 6 J. L. Tonry 1 R. J. Wainscoat 1 C. Waters 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane Campus, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  4: Equatine Labs, 89 Antrim Street, #2, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  5: GMTO Corporation, 251 S. Lake Ave., Suite 300, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  6: Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Source Info: 12/1/2015, Vol. 814 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: STELLAR dynamics; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/118
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111309081&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - von Savigny, C.
AU  - Ernst, F.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Hommel, R.
AU  - Eichmann, K.-U.
AU  - Rozanov, V.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - Improved stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles from SCIAMACHY: validation and sample results.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 5223
EP  - 5235
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles have been retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat measurements of limb-scattered solar radiation. The retrieval is an improved version of an algorithm presented earlier. The retrieved aerosol extinction profiles are compared to co-located aerosol profile measurements from the SAGE II solar occultation instrument at a wavelength of 525 nm. Comparisons were carried out with two versions of the SAGE II data set (version 6.2 and the new version 7.0). In a global average sense the SCIAMACHY and the SAGE II version 7.0 extinction profiles agree to within about 10 % for altitudes above 15 km. Larger relative differences (up to 40 %) are observed at specific latitudes and altitudes. We also find differences between the two SAGE II data versions of up to 40 % for specific latitudes and altitudes, consistent with earlier reports. Sample results on the latitudinal and temporal variability of stratospheric aerosol extinction and optical depth during the SCIAMACHY mission period are presented. The results confirm earlier reports that a series of volcanic eruptions is responsible for the increase in stratospheric aerosol optical depth from 2002 to 2012. Above about an altitude of 28 km, volcanic eruptions are found to have negligible impact in the period 2002-2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - VOLCANIC eruptions
N1  - Accession Number: 112072804; von Savigny, C. 1; Email Address: csavigny@physik.uni-greifswald.de Ernst, F. 2 Rozanov, A. 2 Hommel, R. 2 Eichmann, K.-U. 2 Rozanov, V. 2 Burrows, J. P. 2 Thomason, L. W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 6, 17489 Greifswald, Germany  2: Institute of Environmental Physics/Remote Sensing, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28334 Bremen, Germany  3: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 12, p5223; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: VOLCANIC eruptions; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-5223-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112072804&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ohyama, H.
AU  - Kawakami, S.
AU  - Tanaka, T.
AU  - Morino, I.
AU  - Uchino, O.
AU  - Inoue, M.
AU  - Sakai, T.
AU  - Nagai, T.
AU  - Yamazaki, A.
AU  - Uchiyama, A.
AU  - Fukamachi, T.
AU  - Sakashita, M.
AU  - Kawasaki, T.
AU  - Akaho, T.
AU  - Arai, K.
AU  - Okumura, H.
T1  - Observations of XCO2 and XCH4 with ground-based high-resolution FTS at Saga, Japan, and comparisons with GOSAT products.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 5263
EP  - 5276
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Solar absorption spectra in the near-infrared region have been continuously acquired with a ground-based (g-b) high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at Saga, Japan, since July 2011. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of greenhouse gases were retrieved from the measured spectra for the period from July 2011 to December 2014. Aircraft measurements of CO2 and CH4 for calibrating the g-b FTS data were performed in January 2012 and 2013, and it is found that the g-b FTS and aircraft data agree to within ±0.2%. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4) show increasing trends, with average growth rates of 2.3 and 9.5 ppb yr-1, respectively, during the ~ 3.5 yr of observation. We compared the g-b FTS XCO2 and XCH4 data with those derived from backscattered solar spectra in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) region measured with Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT): NIES SWIR Level 2 products (versions 02.xx). Average differences between TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS data (TANSO-FTS minus g-b FTS) are 0.40±2.51 and -7.6± 13.7ppb for XCO2 and XCH4, respectively. Using aerosol information measured with a sky radiometer at Saga, we found that the differences between the TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS XCO2 data are moderately negatively correlated with aerosol optical thickness and do not depend explicitly on aerosol size. In addition, from several aerosol profiles measured with lidar located right by the g-b FTS, we were able to show that the presence of cirrus clouds tends to cause an overestimation in the TANSO-FTS XCO2 retrieval, while high aerosol loading in the lower troposphere tends to cause an underestimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - INFRARED radiation
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 112072807; Ohyama, H. 1,2; Email Address: hohyama@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp Kawakami, S. 1 Tanaka, T. 1,3 Morino, I. 4 Uchino, O. 4 Inoue, M. 4,5 Sakai, T. 6 Nagai, T. 6 Yamazaki, A. 6 Uchiyama, A. 6 Fukamachi, T. 7 Sakashita, M. 7 Kawasaki, T. 7 Akaho, T. 7 Arai, K. 7 Okumura, H. 7; Affiliation:  1: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan  2: Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan  5: Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan  6: Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan  7: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 12, p5263; Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: INFRARED radiation; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-5263-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112072807&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - von Savigny, C.
AU  - Ernst, F.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Hommel, R.
AU  - Eichmann, K.-U.
AU  - Rozanov, V.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
AU  - Thomason, L. W.
T1  - Improved stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles from SCIAMACHY: validation and sample results.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 5223
EP  - 5235
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles have been retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat measurements of limb-scattered solar radiation. The retrieval is an improved version of an algorithm presented earlier. The retrieved aerosol extinction profiles are compared to co-located aerosol profile measurements from the SAGE II solar occultation instrument at a wavelength of 525 nm. Comparisons were carried out with two versions of the SAGE II data set (version 6.2 and the new version 7.0). In a global average sense the SCIAMACHY and the SAGE II version 7.0 extinction profiles agree to within about 10% for altitudes above 15 km. Larger relative differences (up to 40%) are observed at specific latitudes and altitudes.We also find differences between the two SAGE II data versions of up to 40% for specific latitudes and altitudes, consistent with earlier reports. Sample results on the latitudinal and temporal variability of stratospheric aerosol extinction and optical depth during the SCIAMACHY mission period are presented. The results confirm earlier reports that a series of volcanic eruptions is responsible for the increase in stratospheric aerosol optical depth from 2002 to 2012. Above about an altitude of 28 km, volcanic eruptions are found to have negligible impact in the period 2002-2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SOLAR radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 112443568; von Savigny, C. 1; Email Address: csavigny@physik.uni-greifswald.de Ernst, F. 2 Rozanov, A. 2 Hommel, R. 2 Eichmann, K.-U. 2 Rozanov, V. 2 Burrows, J. P. 2 Thomason, L. W. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Physics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 6, 17489 Greifswald, Germany  2: Institute of Environmental Physics/Remote Sensing, University of Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28334 Bremen, Germany  3: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 12, p5223; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-5223-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112443568&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ohyama, H.
AU  - Kawakami, S.
AU  - Tanaka, T.
AU  - Morino, I.
AU  - Uchino, O.
AU  - Inoue, M.
AU  - Sakai, T.
AU  - Nagai, T.
AU  - Yamazaki, A.
AU  - Uchiyama, A.
AU  - Fukamachi, T.
AU  - Sakashita, M.
AU  - Kawasaki, T.
AU  - Akaho, T.
AU  - Arai, K.
AU  - Okumura, H.
T1  - Observations of XCO2 and XCH4 with ground-based high-resolution FTS at Saga, Japan, and comparisons with GOSAT products.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 5263
EP  - 5276
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Solar absorption spectra in the near-infrared region have been continuously acquired with a ground-based (g-b) high-resolution Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at Saga, Japan, since July 2011. Column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of greenhouse gases were retrieved from the measured spectra for the period from July 2011 to December 2014. Aircraft measurements of CO2 and CH4 for calibrating the g-b FTS data were performed in January 2012 and 2013, and it is found that the g-b FTS and aircraft data agree to within ± 0.2%. The column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of CO2 and CH4 (XCO2 and XCH4) show increasing trends, with average growth rates of 2.3 and 9.5 ppb yr-1, respectively, during the ~ 3.5 yr of observation. We compared the g-b FTS XCO2 and XCH4 data with those derived from backscattered solar spectra in the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) region measured with Thermal And Near-infrared Sensor for carbon Observation-Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) onboard the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT): NIES SWIR Level 2 products (versions 02.xx). Average differences between TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS data (TANSO-FTS minus g-b FTS) are 0.40 ± 2.51 and -7.6 ± 13.7 ppb for XCO2 and XCH4, respectively. Using aerosol information measured with a sky radiometer at Saga, we found that the differences between the TANSO-FTS and g-b FTS XCO2 data are moderately negatively correlated with aerosol optical thickness and do not depend explicitly on aerosol size. In addition, from several aerosol profiles measured with lidar located right by the g-b FTS, we were able to show that the presence of cirrus clouds tends to cause an overestimation in the TANSO-FTS XCO2 retrieval, while high aerosol loading in the lower troposphere tends to cause an underestimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
N1  - Accession Number: 112443571; Ohyama, H. 1,2; Email Address: hohyama@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp Kawakami, S. 1 Tanaka, T. 1,3 Morino, I. 4 Uchino, O. 4 Inoue, M. 4,5 Sakai, T. 6 Nagai, T. 6 Yamazaki, A. 6 Uchiyama, A. 6 Fukamachi, T. 7 Sakashita, M. 7 Kawasaki, T. 7 Akaho, T. 7 Arai, K. 7 Okumura, H. 7; Affiliation:  1: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan  2: Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan  5: Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Akita, Japan  6: Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan  7: Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Saga, Japan; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 8 Issue 12, p5263; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-8-5263-2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112443571&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Cheryl
AU  - Chanton, Jeffrey
AU  - Bebout, Brad
T1  - Rates and pathways of methanogenesis in hypersaline environments as determined by C-labeling.
JO  - Biogeochemistry
JF  - Biogeochemistry
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 126
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 341
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 01682563
AB  - Rates and pathways of methane production were determined from photosynthetic soft microbial mats and gypsum-encrusted endoevaporites collected in hypersaline environments from California, Mexico and Chile, as well as an organic-rich mud from a pond in the El Tatio volcanic fields, Chile. Samples (mud, soft mats and endoevaporites) were incubated anaerobically with deoxygenated site water, and the increase in methane concentration through time in the headspaces of the incubation vials was used to determine methane production rates. To ascertain the substrates used by the methanogens, C-labeled methylamines, methanol, dimethylsulfide, acetate or bicarbonate were added to the incubations (one substrate per vial) and the stable isotopic composition of the resulting methane was measured. The vials amended with C-labeled methylamines produced the most C-enriched methane, generally followed by the C-labeled methanol-amended vials. The stable isotope data and the methane production rates were used to determine first order rate constants for each of the substrates at each of the sites. Estimates of individual substrate use revealed that the methylamines produced 55-92 % of the methane generated, while methanol was responsible for another 8-40 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biogeochemistry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHANE
KW  - SALINITY -- Environmental aspects
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - MICROBIAL mats
KW  - GYPSUM
KW  - DEOXYGENATION (Chemistry)
KW  - C-labeling
KW  - Hypersaline environments
KW  - Methane
KW  - Stable carbon isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 111728933; Kelley, Cheryl 1; Email Address: kelleyc@missouri.edu Chanton, Jeffrey 2 Bebout, Brad 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211 USA  2: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee 32306 USA  3: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p329; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: SALINITY -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Subject Term: MICROBIAL mats; Subject Term: GYPSUM; Subject Term: DEOXYGENATION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: C-labeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypersaline environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stable carbon isotopes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212395 Gypsum mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327420 Gypsum Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10533-015-0161-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Schreurs, Ann-Sofie
AU  - Castillo, Alesha B.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
T1  - Mechanical loading causes site-specific anabolic effects on bone following exposure to ionizing radiation.
JO  - BONE
JF  - BONE
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 81
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 269
SN  - 87563282
AB  - During spaceflight, astronauts will be exposed to a complex mixture of ionizing radiation that poses a risk to their health. Exposure of rodents to ionizing radiation on Earth causes bone loss and increases osteoclasts in cancellous tissue, but also may cause persistent damage to stem cells and osteoprogenitors. We hypothesized that ionizing radiation damages skeletal tissue despite a prolonged recovery period, and depletes the ability of cells in the osteoblast lineage to respond at a later time. The goal of the current study was to test if irradiation prevents bone accrual and bone formation induced by an anabolic mechanical stimulus. Tibial axial compression was used as an anabolic stimulus after irradiation with heavy ions. Mice (male, C57BL/6J, 16 weeks) were exposed to high atomic number, high energy (HZE) iron ions ( 56 Fe, 2 Gy, 600 MeV/ion) (IR, n = 5) or sham-irradiated (Sham, n = 5). In vivo axial loading was initiated 5 months post-irradiation; right tibiae in anesthetized mice were subjected to an established protocol known to stimulate bone formation (cyclic 9N compressive pulse, 60 cycles/day, 3 day/wk for 4 weeks). In vivo data showed no difference due to irradiation in the apparent stiffness of the lower limb at the initiation of the axial loading regimen. Axial loading increased cancellous bone volume by microcomputed tomography and bone formation rate by histomorphometry in both sham and irradiated animals, with a main effect of axial loading determined by two-factor ANOVA with repeated measure. There were no effects of radiation in cancellous bone microarchitecture and indices of bone formation. At the tibia diaphysis, results also revealed a main effect of axial loading on structure. Furthermore, irradiation prevented axial loading-induced stimulation of bone formation rate at the periosteal surface of cortical tissue. In summary, axial loading stimulated the net accrual of cancellous and cortical mass and increased cancellous bone formation rate despite prior exposure to ionizing radiation, in this case, HZE particles. Our findings suggest that mechanical stimuli may prove an effective treatment to improve skeletal structure following exposure to ionizing radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BONE is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - BONES
KW  - MUSCULOSKELETAL system
KW  - CALCIFICATION
KW  - BONE cells
KW  - Bone marrow
KW  - Cancellous bone microarchitecture
KW  - Cortical bone
KW  - Histomorphometry
KW  - Ionizing radiation
KW  - Mechanical loading
KW  - Osteoprogenitor
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - Stem cells
N1  - Accession Number: 110741513; Shirazi-Fard, Yasaman 1; Email Address: Yasaman.Shirazi-Fard@nasa.gov Alwood, Joshua S. 1; Email Address: joshua.s.alwood@nasa.gov Schreurs, Ann-Sofie 1; Email Address: ann-sofie.schreurs@nasa.gov Castillo, Alesha B. 2; Email Address: alesha.castillo@nyu.edu Globus, Ruth K. 1; Email Address: ruth.k.globus@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail-Stop 236-7, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 81, p260; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: BONES; Subject Term: MUSCULOSKELETAL system; Subject Term: CALCIFICATION; Subject Term: BONE cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone marrow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cancellous bone microarchitecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cortical bone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Histomorphometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionizing radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical loading; Author-Supplied Keyword: Osteoprogenitor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stem cells; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bone.2015.07.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hadden, C.M.
AU  - Klimek-McDonald, D.R.
AU  - Pineda, E.J.
AU  - King, J.A.
AU  - Reichanadter, A.M.
AU  - Miskioglu, I.
AU  - Gowtham, S.
AU  - Odegard, G.M.
T1  - Mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet/carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid composites: Multiscale modeling and experiments.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 95
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 112
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Because of the relatively high specific mechanical properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composite materials, they are often used as structural components in aerospace applications. Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) can be added to the epoxy matrix to improve the overall mechanical properties of the composite. The resulting GNP/carbon fiber/epoxy hybrid composites have been studied using multiscale modeling to determine the influence of GNP volume fraction, epoxy crosslink density, and GNP dispersion on the mechanical performance. The hierarchical multiscale modeling approach developed herein includes Molecular Dynamics (MD) and micromechanical modeling, and it is validated with experimental testing of the same hybrid composite material system. The results indicate that the multiscale modeling approach is accurate and provides physical insight into the composite mechanical behavior. Also, the results quantify the substantial impact of GNP volume fraction and dispersion on the transverse mechanical properties of the hybrid composite while the effect on the axial properties is shown to be insignificant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 110866001; Hadden, C.M. 1 Klimek-McDonald, D.R. 1 Pineda, E.J. 2 King, J.A. 1 Reichanadter, A.M. 1 Miskioglu, I. 1 Gowtham, S. 1 Odegard, G.M. 1; Email Address: gmodegar@mtu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 95, p100; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Versino, Daniele
AU  - Mourad, Hashem M.
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
AU  - Addessio, Francis L.
T1  - A thermodynamically consistent discontinuous Galerkin formulation for interface separation.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 133
M3  - Article
SP  - 595
EP  - 606
SN  - 02638223
AB  - This paper describes the formulation of an interface damage model, based on the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method, for the simulation of failure and crack propagation in laminated structures. The DG formulation avoids common difficulties associated with cohesive elements. Specifically, it does not introduce any artificial interfacial compliance and, in explicit dynamic analysis, it leads to a stable time increment size which is unaffected by the presence of stiff massless interfaces. The proposed method is implemented in a finite element setting. Convergence and accuracy are demonstrated in Mode I and mixed-mode delamination in both static and dynamic analyses. Significantly, numerical results obtained using the proposed interface model are found to be independent of the value of the penalty factor that characterizes the DG formulation. By contrast, numerical results obtained using a classical cohesive method are found to be dependent on the cohesive penalty stiffnesses. As a result of this notable advantage, the proposed approach is shown to yield more accurate predictions pertaining to crack propagation under mixed-mode fracture. Furthermore, in explicit dynamic analysis, the stable time increment size calculated with the proposed method is found to be an order of magnitude larger than the maximum allowable value for classical cohesive elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - Cohesive-zone models
KW  - Damage modeling
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin method
KW  - Dynamic structural analysis
KW  - Interface failure
N1  - Accession Number: 109955460; Versino, Daniele 1 Mourad, Hashem M. 1; Email Address: hmourad@lanl.gov Dávila, Carlos G. 2 Addessio, Francis L. 1; Affiliation:  1: Theoretical Division, T-3, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 133, p595; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive-zone models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic structural analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interface failure; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.07.080
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Iurlaro, Luigi
AU  - Gherlone, Marco
AU  - Di Sciuva, Marco
AU  - Tessler, Alexander
T1  - Refined Zigzag Theory for laminated composite and sandwich plates derived from Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 133
M3  - Article
SP  - 809
EP  - 817
SN  - 02638223
AB  - A mixed-field Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT (m) ) for laminated plates is presented. The theory is developed using Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem (RMVT) and employs the kinematic assumptions of the displacement-based Refined Zigzag Theory (RZT). In addition, a robust set of assumed transverse-shear stresses is implemented. The stresses, initially derived by integration of the three-dimensional elasticity equations, satisfy a priori the continuity conditions along the layer interfaces and on the bounding surfaces. With the aid of the strain-compatibility variational statement of RMVT, the transverse-shear stresses are expressed in terms of first-order derivatives of the kinematic variables. The RZT (m) retains a fixed number of kinematic variables (seven) regardless of the number of material layers. To ascertain the importance of transverse-shear stress assumptions, the layer-wise polynomial approximation scheme is also implemented. Numerical results concerning the elasto-static and vibration problems of simply supported and clamped plates, demonstrate that RZT (m) is more accurate than RZT, both in terms of local and global responses. These results also reveal that the transverse-shear stresses achieved by a layer-wise polynomial scheme are considerably less accurate, particularly for highly heterogeneous laminates. Furthermore, the RZT (m) is well suited for developing C 0 -continuous finite elements, thus resulting attractive for large-scale analysis of laminated structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - Composite plates
KW  - Refined Zigzag Theory
KW  - Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem
KW  - Sandwich plates
KW  - Transverse shear stress
N1  - Accession Number: 109955515; Iurlaro, Luigi 1; Email Address: luigi.iurlaro@polito.it Gherlone, Marco 1 Di Sciuva, Marco 1 Tessler, Alexander 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 190, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 133, p809; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Refined Zigzag Theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reissner’s Mixed Variational Theorem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandwich plates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transverse shear stress; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2015.08.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zinnecker, H.
T1  - SOFIA - A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF ISM SCIENCE HIGHLIGHTS TO DATE.
JO  - EAS Publications Series
JF  - EAS Publications Series
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 75/76
M3  - Article
SP  - 433
EP  - 440
SN  - 16334760
AB  - SOFIA is now close to finishing its Cycle 3 observing season. Despite a turbulent year (2014) including a NASA funding crisis and a heavy maintenance visit (down-time) at Lufthansa-Technik, SOFIA has successfully carried out many important observing programs, using the 4 instruments GREAT, FORCAST, FIFI-LS, and EXES. A second southern hemisphere multi-week deployment to New Zealand was completed in June/July 2015 with FORCAST and GREAT and has provided exciting new data. Here we present a brief overview of science highlights from Cycle 0, 1, 2, and 3 observations related to the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and star formation. Some of these results have been covered by more detailed individual accounts, but a summary and synopsis of SOFIA's major achievements to date seems worthwhile, also to indicate SOFIA's future potential for investigating key interstellar processes (collapse, disk formation, outflows, turbulence, heating and cooling, and magnetic field effects). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EAS Publications Series is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL collapse
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 115661503; Zinnecker, H. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Deutsches SOFIA Institut, Univ. Stuttgart, Germany  2: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 75/76, p433; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL collapse; Company/Entity: STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/eas/1575086
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evans, Joyce
AU  - Ribeiro, L.
AU  - Moore, Fritz
AU  - Wang, Siqi
AU  - Zhang, Qingguang
AU  - Kostas, Vladimir
AU  - Ferguson, Connor
AU  - Serrador, Jorge
AU  - Falvo, Michael
AU  - Stenger, Michael
AU  - Goswami, Nandu
AU  - Rask, Jon
AU  - Smith, Jeffrey
AU  - Knapp, Charles
AU  - Evans, Joyce M
AU  - Ribeiro, L Christine
AU  - Moore, Fritz B
AU  - Ferguson, Connor R
AU  - Stenger, Michael B
AU  - Rask, Jon C
T1  - Hypovolemic men and women regulate blood pressure differently following exposure to artificial gravity.
JO  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
JF  - European Journal of Applied Physiology
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 115
IS  - 12
M3  - journal article
SP  - 2631
EP  - 2640
SN  - 14396319
AB  - <bold>Purpose: </bold>In addition to serious bone, vestibular, and muscle deterioration, space flight leads to cardiovascular dysfunction upon return to gravity. In seeking a countermeasure to space flight-induced orthostatic intolerance, we previously determined that exposure to artificial gravity (AG) training in a centrifuge improved orthostatic tolerance of ambulatory subjects. This protocol was more effective in men than women and more effective when subjects exercised.<bold>Methods: </bold>We now determine the orthostatic tolerance limit (OTL) of cardiovascularly deconditioned (furosemide) men and women on one day following 90 min of AG compared to a control day (90 min of head-down bed rest, HDBR).<bold>Results: </bold>There were three major findings: a short bout of artificial gravity improved orthostatic tolerance of hypovolemic men (30 %) and women (22 %). Men and women demonstrated different mechanisms of cardiovascular regulation on AG and HDBR days; women maintained systolic blood pressure the same after HDBR and AG exposure while men's systolic pressure dropped (11 ± 2.9 mmHg) after AG. Third, as presyncopal symptoms developed, men's and women's cardiac output and stroke volume dropped to the same level on both days, even though the OTL test lasted significantly longer on the AG day, indicating cardiac filling as a likely variable to trigger presyncope.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>(1) Even with gender differences, AG should be considered as a space flight countermeasure to be applied to astronauts before reentry into gravity, (2) men and women regulate blood pressure during an orthostatic stress differently following exposure to artificial gravity and (3) the trigger for presyncope may be cardiac filling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of European Journal of Applied Physiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYPOVOLEMIC anemia
KW  - BLOOD pressure -- Regulation
KW  - ARTIFICIAL gravity
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - CARDIOVASCULAR diseases
KW  - SEX differences (Biology)
KW  - Cardiac output
KW  - Cardiovascular deconditioning
KW  - Centrifugation
KW  - Heart rate
KW  - Orthostatic tolerance
KW  - Stroke volume
N1  - Accession Number: 110755422; Evans, Joyce 1; Email Address: jevans1@uky.edu Ribeiro, L. 2 Moore, Fritz 3 Wang, Siqi 1 Zhang, Qingguang 1 Kostas, Vladimir 1 Ferguson, Connor 1 Serrador, Jorge 4 Falvo, Michael 4 Stenger, Michael 2 Goswami, Nandu 5 Rask, Jon 3 Smith, Jeffrey 3 Knapp, Charles 1 Evans, Joyce M 6 Ribeiro, L Christine 7 Moore, Fritz B 8 Ferguson, Connor R 6 Stenger, Michael B 7 Rask, Jon C 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514G, Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue Lexington 40506 USA  2: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA  4: Veterans Affairs New Jersey Health Care System, East Orange USA  5: Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria  6: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 514G, Robotics and Manufacturing Building, 143 Graham Avenue, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA  7: Wyle Science, Technology and Engineering Group, Houston, TX, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 115 Issue 12, p2631; Subject Term: HYPOVOLEMIC anemia; Subject Term: BLOOD pressure -- Regulation; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL gravity; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: CARDIOVASCULAR diseases; Subject Term: SEX differences (Biology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cardiac output; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cardiovascular deconditioning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Centrifugation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heart rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orthostatic tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stroke volume; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: journal article
L3  - 10.1007/s00421-015-3261-2
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia
AU  - Hosamani, Ravikumar
AU  - Vickerman, Mary B.
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
T1  - Mapping by VESGEN of Wing Vein Phenotype in Drosophila for Quantifying Adaptations to Space Environments.
JO  - Gravitational & Space Biology
JF  - Gravitational & Space Biology
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 54
EP  - 64
SN  - 1089988X
AB  - Vascular patterning is a key, genetically responsive phylogenetic classifier of tissues in major organisms flown in space, such as the wings of Drosophila melanogaster (the fruit fly), mouse retina, and leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypes of increasingly abnormal ectopic wing venation in the highly stereotyped Drosophila wing generated by overexpressing the H-C2 construct of Notch antagonist Hairless (Johannes and Preiss, 2002) were mapped and quantified by NASA's VESsel GENeration Analysis (VESGEN) software. By several confirming vascular parameters, the eight stereotyped wing veins remained quite constant in wild type compared to Class 5 H-C2, the most perturbed category of the H-C2 overexpression phenotypes. However, ectopic veins increased in number from 1 in the wild type, to 18 in Class 5 H-C2. We therefore demonstrate the feasibility of using VESGEN to quantify microscopic images of altered wing venation in Drosophila melanogaster. We further determined that several of the signal transduction pathways affecting wing vein patterning were altered by spaceflight, according to gene expression differences observed in our transcriptomic data from a previous shuttle flight experiment. Future studies will help characterize the extent to which these gene expression changes can cause even subtle developmental changes using model organisms, such as Drosophila. Therefore, we propose that the sensitive analyses provided by VESGEN software will not only serve as a useful tool to map the genetics of wing vein patterning for terrestrial applications, but also for future phenotypic studies with Drosophila for spaceflight missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Gravitational & Space Biology is the property of American Society for Gravitational & Space Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOTYPE
KW  - GENOTYPE
KW  - GENETIC pleiotropy
KW  - FRUIT flies
KW  - DROSOPHILA
KW  - Drosophila melanogaster
KW  - Fruit Fly
KW  - Genetics
KW  - Gravity
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - Vein Patterning
KW  - Venation
KW  - VESGEN
KW  - Wing
N1  - Accession Number: 112068519; Parsons-Wingerter, Patricia 1; Email Address: patricia.a.parsons-wingerter@nasa.gov Hosamani, Ravikumar 1 Vickerman, Mary B. 2 Bhattacharya, Sharmila 1; Email Address: sharmila.bhattacharya@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Moffett Field, CA  2: John H. Glenn Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Cleveland, OH; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p54; Subject Term: PHENOTYPE; Subject Term: GENOTYPE; Subject Term: GENETIC pleiotropy; Subject Term: FRUIT flies; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drosophila melanogaster; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fruit Fly; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vein Patterning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venation; Author-Supplied Keyword: VESGEN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Michael S.P.
AU  - Lindler, Don J.
AU  - Bodewits, Dennis
AU  - A’Hearn, Michael F.
AU  - Lisse, Carey M.
AU  - Kolokolova, Ludmilla
AU  - Kissel, Jochen
AU  - Hermalyn, Brendan
T1  - Erratum to “A distribution of large particles in the coma of Comet 103P/Hartley 2” [Icarus 222 (2013) 634–652].
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 262
M3  - Article
SP  - 187
EP  - 189
SN  - 00191035
KW  - ERRATA (Publishing)
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - COMETS
KW  - ICE
KW  - DUST
KW  - ARTICLES (Published materials)
KW  - PUBLISHERS & publishing
KW  - Comets
KW  - Comets Coma
KW  - Dust
KW  - Ices
N1  - Accession Number: 110253831; Kelley, Michael S.P. 1; Email Address: msk@astro.umd.edu Lindler, Don J. 2; Email Address: don.j.lindler@nasa.gov Bodewits, Dennis 1; Email Address: dennis@astro.umd.edu A’Hearn, Michael F. 1; Email Address: ma@astro.umd.edu Lisse, Carey M. 3; Email Address: Carey.Lisse@jhuapl.edu Kolokolova, Ludmilla 1; Email Address: ludmilla@astro.umd.edu Kissel, Jochen 4 Hermalyn, Brendan 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA  2: Sigma Space Corporation, 4600 Forbes Boulevard, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  3: Johns Hopkins University–Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany  5: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute, MS 245-3 BLDG245, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 262, p187; Subject Term: ERRATA (Publishing); Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: ARTICLES (Published materials); Subject Term: PUBLISHERS & publishing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets Coma; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511130 Book Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.09.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Host, Nicholas K.
AU  - Chen, Chi-Chih
AU  - Volakis, John L.
AU  - Miranda, Felix A.
T1  - Ku-Band Traveling Wave Slot Array Scanned Via Positioning a Dielectric Plunger.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 63
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 5475
EP  - 5483
SN  - 0018926X
AB  - This paper introduces a feeding concept aimed at eliminating the backend (phase shifters) of traditional phased arrays. A goal is to make phased arrays simpler and less costly for satellite communications. Accordingly, we employ a traveling wave array (TWA) using a single feedline whose propagation constant is controlled via a single, small, and mechanical movement of a dielectric plunger to enable scanning. The dielectric plunger is positioned within a parallel plate waveguide (PPW) transmission line (TL) that feeds the TWA. By adjusting the position of the dielectric plunger within the TL, the feedline achieves a propagation constant range of \text1\leq keff/k\text{0}\leq\text{2.1}, corresponding to scan angles of -\text32.6^\circ\leq\theta\leq\text34.2^\circ with an element spacing of d=\text0.65\lambda\text{0}. That is, beam steering is achieved using a single feed and a simple linear mechanical movement (for any size array) without using phase shifters. A 20-element array was designed for stable realized gain across -\text25^\circ\leq\theta\leq\text25^\circ beam steering. Additionally, a proof of concept array was fabricated and measured. The simulated copolarized realized gain closely matches the fabricated TWA patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Antennas & Propagation is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANTENNA arrays
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WAVEGUIDES
KW  - THEORY of wave motion
KW  - DIELECTRICS -- Research
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication -- Research
KW  - Antenna arrays
KW  - Arrays
KW  - Beam-steering
KW  - Cavity resonators
KW  - Couplings
KW  - Dielectrics
KW  - Feeds
KW  - Ports (Computers)
KW  - Propagation constant
KW  - Reconfigurable antenna
KW  - Slot antennas
KW  - Traveling wave arrays
N1  - Accession Number: 111308982; Host, Nicholas K. 1 Chen, Chi-Chih 1 Volakis, John L. 1 Miranda, Felix A. 2; Affiliation:  1: ElectroScience Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA  2: , NASA John Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 63 Issue 12, p5475; Subject Term: ANTENNA arrays; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WAVEGUIDES; Subject Term: THEORY of wave motion; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS -- Research; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites in telecommunication -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antenna arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beam-steering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cavity resonators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Couplings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectrics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feeds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ports (Computers); Author-Supplied Keyword: Propagation constant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reconfigurable antenna; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slot antennas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Traveling wave arrays; NAICS/Industry Codes: 517410 Satellite Telecommunications; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TAP.2015.2487512
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shuler, Robert L.
T1  - Porting and Scaling Strategies for Nanoscale CMOS RHBD.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 62
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2856
EP  - 2863
SN  - 15498328
AB  - Techniques are described for minimizing the number of cells in a digital logic library, scaling and porting the cells to process nodes that do not nominally support scaling, and increasing the separation of critical node pairs without unduly disrupting the design process. A new compact modular 10T compact continuously-voting latch cell reduces circuitry to conventional latch sizes, at less power, allowing modular redundancy to approach theoretical efficiency limits. The result is allows investment in low volume designs, such as but not limited to radiation hardened by design (RHBD) applications for mission critical components, to provide returns over decades-long time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems. Part I: Regular Papers is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOTECHNOLOGY
KW  - RADIATION hardening (Electronics)
KW  - LOGIC circuits
KW  - CMOS integrated circuits
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - Aerospace components
KW  - fault tolerance
KW  - Latches
KW  - Layout
KW  - Libraries
KW  - Logic gates
KW  - Nanoscale devices
KW  - redundancy
KW  - space technology
N1  - Accession Number: 111501377; Shuler, Robert L. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 62 Issue 12, p2856; Subject Term: NANOTECHNOLOGY; Subject Term: RADIATION hardening (Electronics); Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Subject Term: CMOS integrated circuits; Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerospace components; Author-Supplied Keyword: fault tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Latches; Author-Supplied Keyword: Layout; Author-Supplied Keyword: Libraries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Logic gates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoscale devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: redundancy; Author-Supplied Keyword: space technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TCSI.2015.2495779
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tang, Yi-Hua
AU  - Wachter, James
AU  - Rufenacht, Alain
AU  - FitzPatrick, Gerald J.
AU  - Benz, Samuel P.
T1  - Application of a 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard in Direct Comparison With Conventional Josephson Voltage Standards.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 64
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3458
EP  - 3466
SN  - 00189456
AB  - This paper briefly describes the working principle of the 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and how to use it in a direct comparison with a conventional Josephson voltage standard (CJVS). Manual and automatic comparison methods were developed to verify the agreement between the two types of Josephson standards. A 10 V PJVS provided by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was used as a transfer standard in the 2014 Josephson voltage standard Interlaboratory Comparison that is organized by the National Conference of Standards Laboratories International. The results of automatic direct comparisons between a NASA PJVS and three CJVSs are reported. Allan variance is applied to analyze the large number of correlated data for Type A uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation & Measurement is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JOSEPHSON effect
KW  - SUPERCONDUCTORS
KW  - JOSEPHSON junctions
KW  - MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics)
KW  - Allan variance
KW  - automated comparison
KW  - Josephson arrays
KW  - Josephson effect
KW  - Josephson voltage standards (JVSs)
KW  - NIST
KW  - Protocols
KW  - uncertainty
KW  - Voltage measurement
KW  - NATIONAL Institute of Standards & Technology (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 110859384; Tang, Yi-Hua 1 Wachter, James 2 Rufenacht, Alain 3 FitzPatrick, Gerald J. 1 Benz, Samuel P. 3; Affiliation:  1: , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Kennedy Space Center, Titusville, FL, USA  3: , National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 64 Issue 12, p3458; Subject Term: JOSEPHSON effect; Subject Term: SUPERCONDUCTORS; Subject Term: JOSEPHSON junctions; Subject Term: MEASUREMENT uncertainty (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Allan variance; Author-Supplied Keyword: automated comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Josephson arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Josephson effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Josephson voltage standards (JVSs); Author-Supplied Keyword: NIST; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protocols; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Voltage measurement; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Institute of Standards & Technology (U.S.); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TIM.2015.2463392
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guzman, Cesar
AU  - Castejon, Pablo
AU  - Onaindia, Eva
AU  - Frank, Jeremy
T1  - Reactive execution for solving plan failures in planning control applications.
JO  - Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
JF  - Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 22
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
EP  - 360
PB  - IOS Press
SN  - 10692509
AB  - We present a novel reactive execution model for planning control applications which repairs plan failures at runtime. Our proposal is a domain-independent regression planning model which provides good-quality responses in a timely fashion. The use of a regressed model allows us to work exclusively with the sufficient and necessary information to deal with the plan failure. The model performs a time-bounded process that continuously operate on the plan to recover from incoming failures. This process guarantees there always exists a plan repair for a plan failure at anytime. The model is tested on a simulation of a real-world planetary space mission and on a well-known vehicle routing problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering is the property of IOS Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - VEHICLE routing problem
KW  - RUN time systems (Computer science)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - dynamic execution
KW  - monitoring plan execution
KW  - reactive execution agent
KW  - Reactive planning
KW  - unpredictable environment
N1  - Accession Number: 109330178; Guzman, Cesar 1 Castejon, Pablo 1 Onaindia, Eva 1; Email Address: onaindia@dsic.upv.es Frank, Jeremy 2; Affiliation:  1: Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p343; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: VEHICLE routing problem; Subject Term: RUN time systems (Computer science); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamic execution; Author-Supplied Keyword: monitoring plan execution; Author-Supplied Keyword: reactive execution agent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive planning; Author-Supplied Keyword: unpredictable environment; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3233/ICA-150493
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coppa, Anne C.
AU  - Kapoor, Monica
AU  - Noebe, Ron
AU  - Thompson, Gregory B.
T1  - The compositional stability of the P-phase in Ni–Ti–Pd shape memory alloys.
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 67
M3  - Article
SP  - 56
EP  - 62
SN  - 09669795
AB  - The precipitation of the P-phase in Ni–Ti–Pd and Ni–Ti–Pt shape memory alloys has been shown to dramatically increase the martensitic transformation temperature and strength in Ni-rich ternary alloys, yet little is known about the phase's compositional stability. Therefore, the compositional limits of the P-phase have been systematically studied by varying the Pd and Ni content while maintaining the general P-phase Ti 11 (Ni + Pd) 13 stoichiometry. Each alloy was solutionized at 1050 °C followed by water quenching, and aging at 400 °C for 100 h. Four distinct phases were identified by electron and x-ray diffraction: Ti 2 Pd 3 , B2 NiTi, P- and P1-phases. The latter precipitate phases became more stable with increasing Ni at the expense of the Pd content. Atom probe tomography revealed the P-phase composition to be 45.8Ti–29.2Ni–25Pd (at.%) or Ti 11 (Ni 7 Pd 6 ) as compared to the P1-phase 44.7Ti– 45.8Ni–9.4Pd (at.%) or Ti 5 Ni 5 Pd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATOM-probe tomography
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - Atom probe tomography
KW  - Compositional stability
KW  - Ni–Ti–Pd alloy
KW  - P-phase
KW  - P1-phase
N1  - Accession Number: 109553216; Coppa, Anne C. 1 Kapoor, Monica 1 Noebe, Ron 2 Thompson, Gregory B. 1; Email Address: gthompson@eng.ua.edu; Affiliation:  1: The University of Alabama, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Box 870202, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401-0202, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 67, p56; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATOM-probe tomography; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compositional stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni–Ti–Pd alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: P-phase; Author-Supplied Keyword: P1-phase; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2015.07.014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Henderson, Brenda
AU  - Wernet, Mark
T1  - Acoustics and flow field of slotted air-injection nozzles.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 917
EP  - 945
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Experiments investigating the noise and flow-field characteristics of dual-stream jets with fluidic injectors were performed. Air was delivered to the core stream of a bypass-ratio-five nozzle system via slots in the core-nozzle trailing edge. For dual-subsonic-stream jets, up to 3 dB noise reduction was achieved in the peak-jet-noise direction with an injection total pressure roughly equal to 1.5 times that of the core stream and an injection-to-core mass-flow ratio equal to 2.5%. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) studies showed fluidic injection reduced turbulent-kinetic-energy levels downstream of the pylon. Flow asymmetries introduced by the pylon were shown to impact streamwise development of vorticity generated by the injectors which limited the ability of the injectors to enhance jet mixing. For dual-transonic-stream jets, fluidic injection significantly reduced broadband-shock-associated noise but had limited impact on turbulent mixing noise. For single-supersonic-stream jets, fluidic injection reduced broadband-shock-associated noise and turbulent mixing noise over a range of frequencies in the peak-jet-noise direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID injection
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PARTICLE image velocimetry
KW  - TURBULENT mixing
KW  - AIR injection systems (Engines)
KW  - JET mixing
KW  - ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences)
KW  - NOISE control -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 111348317; Henderson, Brenda 1; Email Address: brenda.s.henderson@nasa.gov Wernet, Mark 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 14 Issue 7/8, p917; Subject Term: FLUID injection; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PARTICLE image velocimetry; Subject Term: TURBULENT mixing; Subject Term: AIR injection systems (Engines); Subject Term: JET mixing; Subject Term: ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences); Subject Term: NOISE control -- Research; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramamurti, Ravi
AU  - Corrigan, Andrew
AU  - Junhui Liu
AU  - Kailasanath, Kazhikathra
AU  - Henderson, Brenda
T1  - Jet noise simulations for complex nozzle geometries.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 14
IS  - 7/8
M3  - Article
SP  - 947
EP  - 975
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The jet flow from a complex engine nozzle system with multiple jet streams is computed using large eddy simulations. The effects of the fan flow, the impact of installation effects created by the addition of a pylon, and the influence of the core-fluidic injection on the resulting flow field and the acoustic radiation are studied. The potential core length reduces slightly with the introduction of the fan flow and further reduces with the introduction of the fluidic injection nozzle geometry. Computations of fluidic-injection nozzle configurations are validated with experimental data. The agreement in the farfield spectra along the sideline and in the peak propagation directions is good for both the baseline nozzle and the fluidic-injection nozzle configurations. The centerline velocity and the turbulent kinetic energy distribution along the nozzle symmetry plane are in good agreement with the experiments. The parametric study varying the pressure ratio shows that as the injection pressure ratio is increased the jet core moves towards the pylon. For a fluidic injection pressure ratio of 4.0, a reduction of 2.0dB - 2.5dB is observed with respect to the baseline nozzle with a pylon. Fluidic injection is found to produce two sets of counter rotating vortices, one along the nozzle lip line and the second penetrating the nozzle core flow. The potential reason for the noise reduction is investigated from the changes in the turbulence intensity and the convective velocity in the shear layer. It is shown that the turbulence intensity is reduced and the convective velocity at the end of the potential core remains nearly constant for all injection pressure ratios studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - JET streams
KW  - LARGE eddy simulation models
KW  - FLUID injection
KW  - ACOUSTIC radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 111348318; Ramamurti, Ravi 1; Email Address: ravi.ramamurti@nrl.navy.mil Corrigan, Andrew 1 Junhui Liu 1 Kailasanath, Kazhikathra 1 Henderson, Brenda 2; Affiliation:  1: Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C., 20375  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44315; Source Info: Nov2015, Vol. 14 Issue 7/8, p947; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: JET streams; Subject Term: LARGE eddy simulation models; Subject Term: FLUID injection; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC radiation; Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poroseva, S.V.
AU  - Kaiser, B.E.
AU  - Sillero, J.A.
AU  - Murman, S.M.
T1  - Validation of a closing procedure for fourth-order RANS turbulence models with DNS data in an incompressible zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 56
M3  - Article
SP  - 71
EP  - 79
SN  - 0142727X
AB  - Among factors affecting the accuracy of flow simulations with Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes turbulence models is modeling turbulent diffusion processes. With the use of the Gram–Charlier series expansions, the turbulent diffusion in fourth-order one-point statistical closures of the Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes equations can be modeled without introducing unknown model coefficients and without assuming turbulence being Gaussian. Terms representing turbulent diffusion processes in transport equations for second- and third-order velocity correlations do not require any modeling in such closures. In this regard, fourth-order closures are a more accurate alternative to lower-order closures where turbulent diffusion is modeled on semi-empirical or Gaussian turbulence assumptions. In the current paper, the accuracy of the closing procedure based on the Gram–Charlier series expansions is evaluated using data of direct numerical simulations in an incompressible zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer over a flat plate. One-point third-, fourth-, and fifth-order velocity moments were extracted for this purpose from the dataset collected by the Fluid Dynamics Group at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid at two streamwise locations Re θ = 4101 and 5200 that correspond to channels and pipes at δ + = 1331 and 1626. Results demonstrate that the truncated Gram–Charlier series expansions are an accurate approximation of the fifth-order velocity moments in the considered flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Fluid Flow is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - TURBULENT boundary layer
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology)
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - Boundary layer
KW  - DNS
KW  - Gram–Charlier series expansions
KW  - High-order statistics
N1  - Accession Number: 111185074; Poroseva, S.V. 1; Email Address: poroseva@unm.edu Kaiser, B.E. 1 Sillero, J.A. 2 Murman, S.M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA  2: School of Aeronautics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain  3: NASA Ames Research Center, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 56, p71; Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: TURBULENT boundary layer; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: TURBULENT diffusion (Meteorology); Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Boundary layer; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gram–Charlier series expansions; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order statistics; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2015.06.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balasubramaniam, R.
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
T1  - Transient condensation of flowing vapor on a flat-plate: A scaling analysis.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 91
M3  - Article
SP  - 793
EP  - 799
SN  - 00179310
AB  - We perform an analysis of condensation of pure vapor flowing over a cooled flat plate. We estimate the time taken to achieve steady-state condensation by a transient analysis where we use results from previous studies that show that the time-dependent behavior is governed by the propagation of a kinematic wave along the condensate film. The steady-state time at any streamwise location along the plate depends on the steady-state film thickness at that location. Classical theories of laminar steady-state condensation are reviewed, and a scaling analysis is performed to capture the scalings for relevant quantities such as the liquid film thickness, liquid velocity, and heat transfer coefficient. The results from the scaling analysis are entirely consistent with the classical theories. Finally, the scaling analysis is extended to take into account effects of turbulence in the liquid film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - PLATES (Engineering)
KW  - STEADY state conduction
KW  - GASES
KW  - LIQUID films
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Flat-plate
KW  - Forced convection
KW  - Scaling analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 109502267; Balasubramaniam, R. 1 Hasan, Mohammad M. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research Case Western Reserve University/NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 91, p793; Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: PLATES (Engineering); Subject Term: STEADY state conduction; Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: LIQUID films; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flat-plate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forced convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scaling analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332313 Plate Work Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.08.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kharangate, Chirag R.
AU  - O’Neill, Lucas E.
AU  - Mudawar, Issam
AU  - Hasan, Mohammad M.
AU  - Nahra, Henry K.
AU  - Balasubramaniam, Ramaswamy
AU  - Hall, Nancy R.
AU  - Macner, Ashley M.
AU  - Mackey, Jeffrey R.
T1  - Effects of subcooling and two-phase inlet on flow boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux in a horizontal channel with one-sided and double-sided heating.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 91
M3  - Article
SP  - 1187
EP  - 1205
SN  - 00179310
AB  - This study explores the influence of inlet subcooling and two-phase inlet on flow boiling heat transfer and critical heat flux in a horizontal 2.5-mm wide by 5-mm high rectangular channel for top wall heating, bottom wall heating and double-sided heating configurations using FC-72 as working fluid. High-speed video imaging is used to identify dominant interfacial characteristics for different combinations of inlet conditions and heating configurations. Three inlet conditions are compared: highly subcooled liquid, slightly subcooled liquid, and saturated two-phase mixture for mass velocities between 205.1 and 3211.6 kg/m 2 s. Gravity is shown having a dominant influence on interfacial behavior at low mass velocities below 400 kg/m 2 s, while inertia dwarfs gravity effects at high mass velocities around 1600 kg/m 2 s. Overall, CHF increases monotonically with increasing inlet subcooling. CHF variation between the three heating configurations is large for low mass velocities and diminishes for high mass velocities. A dimensionless parameter, heat utility ratio, is shown to be an effective means for assessing the influence of subcooling on CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - SUBCOOLED liquids
KW  - INLETS
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - CHANNEL flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Flow boiling
KW  - Gravity effects
KW  - Subcooling
KW  - Two-phase inlet
N1  - Accession Number: 109502291; Kharangate, Chirag R. 1 O’Neill, Lucas E. 1 Mudawar, Issam 1; Email Address: mudawar@ecn.purdue.edu Hasan, Mohammad M. 2 Nahra, Henry K. 2 Balasubramaniam, Ramaswamy 2 Hall, Nancy R. 2 Macner, Ashley M. 2 Mackey, Jeffrey R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Boiling and Two-Phase Flow Laboratory (BTPFL), School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, 585 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Vantage Partners, 3000 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park, OH 44142, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 91, p1187; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: SUBCOOLED liquids; Subject Term: INLETS; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: CHANNEL flow (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subcooling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-phase inlet; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.08.059
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walker, W.
AU  - Yayathi, S.
AU  - Shaw, J.
AU  - Ardebili, H.
T1  - Thermo-electrochemical evaluation of lithium-ion batteries for space applications.
JO  - Journal of Power Sources
JF  - Journal of Power Sources
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 298
M3  - Article
SP  - 217
EP  - 227
SN  - 03787753
AB  - Advanced energy storage and power management systems designed through rigorous materials selection, testing and analysis processes are essential to ensuring mission longevity and success for space exploration applications. Comprehensive testing of Boston Power Swing 5300 lithium-ion (Li-ion) cells utilized by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to power humanoid robot Robonaut 2 (R2) is conducted to support the development of a test-correlated Thermal Desktop (TD) Systems Improved Numerical Differencing Analyzer (SINDA) (TD-S) model for evaluation of power system thermal performance. Temperature, current, working voltage and open circuit voltage measurements are taken during nominal charge–discharge operations to provide necessary characterization of the Swing 5300 cells for TD-S model correlation. Building from test data, embedded FORTRAN statements directly simulate Ohmic heat generation of the cells during charge–discharge as a function of surrounding temperature, local cell temperature and state of charge. The unique capability gained by using TD-S is demonstrated by simulating R2 battery thermal performance in example orbital environments for hypothetical extra-vehicular activities (EVA) exterior to a small satellite. Results provide necessary demonstration of this TD-S technique for thermo-electrochemical analysis of Li-ion cells operating in space environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Power Sources is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - LITHIUM-ion batteries
KW  - ENERGY storage
KW  - POWER resources -- Management
KW  - HUMANOID robots
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Robotic power supply: test-correlated computational analysis
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Thermal radiation environments
KW  - Thermo-electrochemical analysis
KW  - Thermo-electrochemical testing
N1  - Accession Number: 109493131; Walker, W. 1,2; Email Address: william.walker@nasa.gov Yayathi, S. 1 Shaw, J. 1 Ardebili, H. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, 77058 Houston, TX, USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, 77004-4006 Houston, TX, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, 4800 Calhoun Road, 77004-4006 Houston, TX, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 298, p217; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: LITHIUM-ion batteries; Subject Term: ENERGY storage; Subject Term: POWER resources -- Management; Subject Term: HUMANOID robots; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robotic power supply: test-correlated computational analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal radiation environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermo-electrochemical analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermo-electrochemical testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.08.054
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shivakumar, Kunigal N.
AU  - Panduranga, Raghu
AU  - Skujins, John
AU  - Miller, Sandi
T1  - Assessment of mode-II fracture tests for unidirectional fiber reinforced composite laminates.
JO  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
JF  - Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 34
IS  - 23
M3  - Article
SP  - 1905
EP  - 1925
AB  - Three basic mode-II test methods (ENF, JIS, and ASTM D7905M-14) are assessed using the material system AS4/8552 carbon/epoxy unidirectional composite laminate to understand similarities and differences. The modified JIS method uses a PTFE film coated stainless steel rod instead of the PTFE strip that was proposed in JIS. The ASTM D7905M-14 test method determines FEP film crack front (NPC) and shear precrack front (PC) fracture toughnesses. Alternately, wedge precracked specimens were also tested to assess the shear versus opening mode precracking on mode-II fracture toughness. The analysis and test results revealed that the JIS method is a mixed-mode I-II test and result in lower value of mode-II fracture toughness. The GI loading is about 51 J/m2 for the material tested and GIIc measured by JIS is always less than pure mode-II fracture toughness. The GIIc measured from the ASTM D7905M-14 NPC and the ENF tests are almost identical, but the ASTM test offers a compliance equation that may be beneficial in fatigue crack growth studies. As suggested in ASTM standard, shear precracked specimen is appropriate to measure mode-II fracture toughness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Reinforced Plastics & Composites is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - FRACTURE toughness
KW  - FATIGUE crack growth
KW  - SHEARING force
KW  - contact finite element analysis
KW  - fracture toughness
KW  - Mode-II test methods
KW  - shear precracking
KW  - wedge precracking
N1  - Accession Number: 110542056; Shivakumar, Kunigal N. 1; Email Address: kunigal@ncat.edu Panduranga, Raghu 1 Skujins, John 1 Miller, Sandi 2; Affiliation:  1: Center for Composite Materials Research, Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 34 Issue 23, p1905; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: FRACTURE toughness; Subject Term: FATIGUE crack growth; Subject Term: SHEARING force; Author-Supplied Keyword: contact finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mode-II test methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: shear precracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: wedge precracking; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7706
L3  - 10.1177/0731684415602335
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hackney, Kyle J.
AU  - Scott, Jessica M.
AU  - Hanson, Andrea M.
AU  - English, Kirk L.
AU  - Downs, Meghan E.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L.
T1  - The Astronaut-Athlete: Optimizing Human Performance in Space.
JO  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
JF  - Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins)
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 29
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3531
EP  - 3545
SN  - 10648011
AB  - Hackney, KJ, Scott, JM, Hanson, AM, English, KL, Downs, ME, and Ploutz-Snyder, LL. The astronaut-athlete: optimizing human performance in space. J Strength Cond Res 29(12): 3531-3545, 2015-It is well known that long-duration spaceflight results in deconditioning of neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems, leading to a decline in physical fitness. On reloading in gravitational environments, reduced fitness (e.g., aerobic capacity, muscular strength, and endurance) could impair human performance, mission success, and crew safety. The level of fitness necessary for the performance of routine and off-nominal terrestrial mission tasks remains an unanswered and pressing question for scientists and flight physicians. To mitigate fitness loss during spaceflight, resistance and aerobic exercise are the most effective countermeasure available to astronauts. Currently, 2.5 h·d, 6-7 d·wk is allotted in crew schedules for exercise to be performed on highly specialized hardware on the International Space Station (ISS). Exercise hardware provides up to 273 kg of loading capability for resistance exercise, treadmill speeds between 0.44 and 5.5 m·s, and cycle workloads from 0 and 350 W. Compared to ISS missions, future missions beyond low earth orbit will likely be accomplished with less vehicle volume and power allocated for exercise hardware. Concomitant factors, such as diet and age, will also affect the physiologic responses to exercise training (e.g., anabolic resistance) in the space environment. Research into the potential optimization of exercise countermeasures through use of dietary supplementation, and pharmaceuticals may assist in reducing physiological deconditioning during long-duration spaceflight and have the potential to enhance performance of occupationally related astronaut tasks (e.g., extravehicular activity, habitat construction, equipment repairs, planetary exploration, and emergency response). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - aging
KW  - dietary supplementation
KW  - exercise countermeasures
KW  - pharmaceuticals
KW  - spaceflight
N1  - Accession Number: 111485346; Hackney, Kyle J. 1; Email Address: kyle.hackney@ndsu.edu Scott, Jessica M. 2 Hanson, Andrea M. 3 English, Kirk L. 4 Downs, Meghan E. 5 Ploutz-Snyder, Lori L. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota  2: Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, Houston, Texas  4: Exercise Physiology and Countermeasures Laboratory, JES Tech, Houston, Texas  5: Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 29 Issue 12, p3531; Author-Supplied Keyword: aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: dietary supplementation; Author-Supplied Keyword: exercise countermeasures; Author-Supplied Keyword: pharmaceuticals; Author-Supplied Keyword: spaceflight; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Jerome B.
AU  - Kulchitsky, Anton V.
AU  - Duvoy, Paul
AU  - Iagnemma, Karl
AU  - Senatore, Carmine
AU  - Arvidson, Raymond E.
AU  - Moore, Jeffery
T1  - Discrete element method simulations of Mars Exploration Rover wheel performance.
JO  - Journal of Terramechanics
JF  - Journal of Terramechanics
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 62
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 40
SN  - 00224898
AB  - Mars Exploration Rovers (MERs) experienced mobility problems during traverses. Three-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) simulations of MER wheel mobility tests for wheel slips of i = 0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 0.99 were done to examine high wheel slip mobility to improve the ARTEMIS MER traverse planning tool. Simulations of wheel drawbar pull and sinkage MIT data for i ⩽ 0.5 were used to determine DEM particle packing density (0.62) and contact friction (0.8) to represent the simulant used in mobility tests. The DEM simulations are in good agreement with MIT data for i = 0.5 and 0.7, with reasonable but less agreement at lower wheel slip. Three mobility stages include low slip ( i < 0.3) controlled by soil strength, intermediate slip ( i ∼ 0.3–0.6) controlled by residual soil strength, and high slip ( i > 0.6) controlled by residual soil strength and wheel sinkage depth. Equilibrium sinkage occurred for i < 0.9, but continuously increased for i = 0.99. Improved DEM simulation accuracy of low-slip mobility can be achieved using polyhedral particles, rather than tri-sphere particles, to represent soil. The DEM simulations of MER wheel mobility can improve ARTEMIS accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Terramechanics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISCRETE element method (Simulation model)
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - MOBILITY (Structural dynamics)
KW  - TRAVERSES (Surveying)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - VEHICLE-terrain interaction
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Discrete element method simulation
KW  - Mars Exploration Rovers
KW  - Mobility testing
KW  - Wheel slip
N1  - Accession Number: 110661521; Johnson, Jerome B. 1; Email Address: jerome.b.johnson@alaska.edu Kulchitsky, Anton V. 1; Email Address: anton.kulchitsky@alaska.edu Duvoy, Paul 1; Email Address: pxduvoy@alaska.edu Iagnemma, Karl 2; Email Address: kdi@mit.edu Senatore, Carmine 2; Email Address: senator@mit.edu Arvidson, Raymond E. 3; Email Address: arvidson@wunder.wustl.edu Moore, Jeffery 4; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Northern Engineering, P.O. Box 755910, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5910, USA  2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Robotic Mobility Group, Laboratory for Manufacturing and Productivity, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  3: Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1169, One Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 62, p31; Subject Term: DISCRETE element method (Simulation model); Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: MOBILITY (Structural dynamics); Subject Term: TRAVERSES (Surveying); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: VEHICLE-terrain interaction; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete element method simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Exploration Rovers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mobility testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wheel slip; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jterra.2015.02.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Costa, Gustavo C.C.
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan S.
T1  - Mass spectrometric measurements of the silica activity in the Yb2O3–SiO2 system and implications to assess the degradation of silicate-based coatings in combustion environments.
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 35
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 4259
EP  - 4267
SN  - 09552219
AB  - The Yb 2 O 3 –SiO 2 system is a promising coating material for silicon-based ceramics and composites in combustion environments due to the low silica activity in this silicate system. These activities lead to lower reactivity with the water vapor component of a combustion environment and hence less formation of Si(OH) 4 (g). In this study the silica activities in the Yb 2 O 3 –SiO 2 system are measured via a vapor pressure technique. Reducing agents are used to increase the vapor pressure of SiO(g) so that it is measureable in the temperature range of interest. The measured SiO(g) pressures are then used to calculated the silica activities. Activities are reported as a function of temperature for the Yb 2 O 3 + Yb 2 SiO 5 and Yb 2 SiO 5 + Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 biphasic fields. Combining the results of this work with those reported earlier, it was found that the flux of silicon tetra-hydroxide and the thermodynamic activity of silica are lower in the biphasic fields of yttrium silicates and yttrium oxide than the biphasic field consisting of ytterbium silicates and ytterbium oxide. This difference has been attributed to the smaller ionic potential of yttrium and higher optical basicity of yttrium silicates when compared to the bigger ionic potential of ytterbium and smaller optical basicity of ytterbium silicates in these systems. The measured activities are then used to calculate some representative Si(OH) 4 (g) fluxes from Yb 2 O 3 –SiO 2 compounds in a typical laboratory test furnace and compared to literature values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - SILICA
KW  - COMBUSTION kinetics
KW  - HEAT of combustion
KW  - SILICON compounds
KW  - Coating
KW  - Mass spectrometry
KW  - Silicate
KW  - Thermodynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 109279790; Costa, Gustavo C.C. 1; Email Address: gustavo.costa@nasa.gov Jacobson, Nathan S. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 106-1, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 35 Issue 15, p4259; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: SILICA; Subject Term: COMBUSTION kinetics; Subject Term: HEAT of combustion; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mass spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermodynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212322 Industrial Sand Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.07.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109279790&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seiji KATO
AU  - LOEB, Norman G.
AU  - RUTAN, David A.
AU  - ROSE, Fred G.
T1  - Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Data Products for Climate Research.
JO  - Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan
JF  - Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 93
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 597
EP  - 612
SN  - 00261165
AB  - NASA's Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project integrates CERES, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and geostationary satellite observations to provide top-of-atmosphere (TOA) irradiances derived from broadband radiance observations by CERES instruments. It also uses snow cover and sea ice extent retrieved from microwave instruments as well as thermodynamic variables from reanalysis. In addition, these variables are used for surface and atmospheric irradiance computations. The CERES project provides TOA, surface, and atmospheric irradiances in various spatial and temporal resolutions. These data sets are for climate research and evaluation of climate models. Long-term observations are required to understand how the Earth system responds to radiative forcing. A simple model is used to estimate the time to detect trends in TOA reflected shortwave and emitted longwave irradiances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan is the property of Meteorological Society of Japan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GEOSYNCHRONOUS orbits
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Research
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - CERES
KW  - climate data
KW  - radiation budget
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 112822321; Seiji KATO 1; Email Address: seiji.kato@nasa.gov LOEB, Norman G. 1 RUTAN, David A. 2 ROSE, Fred G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Virginia, USA  2: Science System & Applications Inc., Virginia, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 93 Issue 6, p597; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GEOSYNCHRONOUS orbits; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites -- Research; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Author-Supplied Keyword: CERES; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate data; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation budget; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2151/jmsj.2015-048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdul-Aziz, Ali
AU  - Bhatt, Ramakrishna T.
AU  - Grady, Joseph E.
T1  - Criteria for Crack Deflection-Penetration in EBC Coated Ceramics: A Parametric Study.
JO  - Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures
JF  - Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 22
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1039
EP  - 1047
SN  - 15376494
AB  - This article discusses results obtained from a parametric study to analytically evaluate the impingement of a crack at the interface of an environmental barrier coating (EBC) and a monolithic Silicon nitride (Si3N4) layered ceramics substrate. The study establishes a correlation that leads to determine if the crack is arrested or advanced by either penetrating or deflecting along the EBC/substrate interface. A finite-element-based fracture mechanics methodology is utilized to perform these calculations. Critical parameters determining penetration-deflection conditions in relation to EBC's physical characteristics, such as porosity level, voids, and mini cracks, are determined for a single layer and multi-layered coating system coordinating the interactions between the EBCs (Mullite, Mullite mixture, Silicon nitride, etc.) and the substrate structure. Results showing thermo-mechanical stresses and stress/strain energy release relations with respect to crack penetration-deflection are presented and discussed as the crack is advanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Advanced Materials & Structures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - DEFLECTION (Mechanics)
KW  - PENETRATION mechanics
KW  - SILICON nitride
KW  - COATING processes
KW  - ceramics
KW  - crack penetration
KW  - deflection
KW  - EBC coating
KW  - fracture mechanics
KW  - Silicon nitride
N1  - Accession Number: 102578565; Abdul-Aziz, Ali 1 Bhatt, Ramakrishna T. 1 Grady, Joseph E. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 22 Issue 12, p1039; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: DEFLECTION (Mechanics); Subject Term: PENETRATION mechanics; Subject Term: SILICON nitride; Subject Term: COATING processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: crack penetration; Author-Supplied Keyword: deflection; Author-Supplied Keyword: EBC coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitride; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/15376494.2014.918223
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Munafò, A.
AU  - Liu, Y.
AU  - Panesi, M.
T1  - Modeling of dissociation and energy transfer in shock-heated nitrogen flows.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 27
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 127101-1
EP  - 127101-23
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 10706631
AB  - This work addresses the modeling of dissociation and energy transfer processes in shock heated nitrogen flows by means of the maximum entropy linear model and a newly proposed hybrid bin vibrational collisional model. Both models aim at overcoming two of the main limitations of the state of the art non-equilibrium models: (i) the assumption of equilibrium between rotational and translational energy modes of the molecules and (ii) the reliance on the quasi-steady-state distribution for the description of the population of the internal levels. The formulation of the coarse-grained models is based on grouping the energy levels into bins, where the population is assumed to follow a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at its own temperature. Different grouping strategies are investigated. Following the maximum entropy principle, the governing equations are obtained by taking the zeroth and first-order moments of the rovibrational master equations. The accuracy of the proposed models is tested against the rovibrational master equation solution for both flow quantities and population distributions. Calculations performed for free-stream velocities ranging from 5 km/s to 10 km/s demonstrate that dissociation can be accurately predicted by using only 2-3 bins. It is also shown that a multi-temperature approach leads to an under-prediction of dissociation, due to the inability of the former to account for the faster excitation of high-lying vibrational states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISSOCIATION (Chemistry)
KW  - ENERGY transfer
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - VELOCITY
N1  - Accession Number: 112030859; Munafò, A. 1,2; Email Address: munafo@illinois.edu Liu, Y. 2; Email Address: yen.liu@nasa.gov Panesi, M. 1; Email Address: mpanesi@illinois.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Talbot Laboratory, 104 S. Wright St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 27 Issue 12, p127101-1; Subject Term: DISSOCIATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: ENERGY transfer; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: VELOCITY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 16 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4935929
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112030859&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zubko, Evgenij
AU  - Videen, Gorden
AU  - Hines, Dean C.
AU  - Shkuratov, Yuriy
AU  - Kaydash, Vadym
AU  - Muinonen, Karri
AU  - Knight, Matthew M.
AU  - Sitko, Michael L.
AU  - Lisse, Carey M.
AU  - Mutchler, Max
AU  - Wooden, Diane H.
AU  - Li, Jian-Yang
AU  - Kobayashi, Hiroshi
T1  - Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) coma composition at ~4 au from HST observations.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 138
EP  - 163
SN  - 00320633
AB  - We analyze the first color and polarization images of Comet ISON (C/2012 S1) taken during two measurement campaigns of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) on UTC 2013 April 10 and May 8, when the phase angles of Comet ISON were α ≈13.7° and 12.2°, respectively. We model the particles in the coma using highly irregular agglomerated debris particles. Even though the observations were made over a small range of phase angle, the data still place significant constraints on the material properties of the cometary coma. The different photo-polarimetric responses are indicative of spatial chemical heterogeneity of coma in Comet ISON. For instance, at small projected distances to the nucleus (<500 km), our modeling suggests the cometary particles are composed predominantly of small, highly absorbing particles, such as amorphous carbon and/or organics material heavily irradiated with UV radiation; whereas, at longer projected distances (>1000 km), the refractive index of the particles is consistent with organic matter slightly processed with UV radiation, tholins, Mg−Fe silicates, and/or Mg-rich silicates contaminated with ~10% (by volume) amorphous carbon. The modeling suggests low relative abundances of particles with low material absorption in the visible, i.e., Im( m )≤0.02. Such particles were detected unambiguously in other comets in the vicinity of nucleus through very strong negative polarization near backscattering ( P ≈−6%) and very low positive polarization ( P ≈3–5%) at side scattering. These materials were previously attributed to Mg-rich silicates forming a refractory surface layer on the surface of cometary nuclei ( Zubko et al., 2012 ). The absence of such particles in Comet ISON could imply an absence of such a layer on its nucleus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SMALL bodies (Astronomy)
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - OBSERVATION (Scientific method)
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - ISON comet
N1  - Accession Number: 111487785; Zubko, Evgenij 1; Email Address: evgenij.s.zubko@gmail.com Videen, Gorden 2,3,4,5 Hines, Dean C. 2,6 Shkuratov, Yuriy 1 Kaydash, Vadym 1 Muinonen, Karri 7,8 Knight, Matthew M. 9,10 Sitko, Michael L. 2,11 Lisse, Carey M. 10 Mutchler, Max 5 Wooden, Diane H. 12 Li, Jian-Yang 13 Kobayashi, Hiroshi 14; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Astronomy, V.N. Karazin Kharkov National University, 35 Sumskaya St., Kharkov 61022, Ukraine  2: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  3: Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aerospacial (INTA), Ctra. Ajalvir Km. 4, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain  4: Grupo de Óptica, Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Cantabria, Facultad de Ciencias, Avda. Los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain  5: U.S. Army Research Laboratory, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA  6: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: Department of Physics,University of Helsinki, PO. Box 64, FI-00014, Finland  8: Finnish Geospatial Research Institute, PO. Box 15, FI-02431 Masala, Finland  9: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  10: Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  11: University of Cincinnati, Dept Phys, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  12: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA  13: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Rd., Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  14: Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 118, p138; Subject Term: SMALL bodies (Astronomy); Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: OBSERVATION (Scientific method); Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: ISON comet; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.08.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111487785&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wulder, Michael A.
AU  - Hilker, Thomas
AU  - White, Joanne C.
AU  - Coops, Nicholas C.
AU  - Masek, Jeffrey G.
AU  - Pflugmacher, Dirk
AU  - Crevier, Yves
T1  - Virtual constellations for global terrestrial monitoring.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2015/12//
VL  - 170
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 76
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Free and open access to satellite imagery and value-added data products have revolutionized the role of remote sensing in Earth system science. Nonetheless, rapid changes in the global environment pose challenges to the science community that are increasingly difficult to address using data from single satellite sensors or platforms due to the underlying limitations of data availability and tradeoffs that govern the design and implementation of currently existing sensors. Virtual constellations of planned and existing satellite sensors may help to overcome this limitation by combining existing observations to mitigate limitations of any one particular sensor. While multi-sensor applications are not new, the integration and harmonization of multi-sensor data is still challenging, requiring tremendous efforts of science and operational user communities. Defined by the Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) as a “set of space and ground segment capabilities that operate in a coordinated manner to meet a combined and common set of Earth Observation requirements”, virtual constellations can principally be used to combine sensors with similar spatial, spectral, temporal, and radiometric characteristics. We extend this definition to also include sensors that are principally incompatible, because they are fundamentally different (for instance active versus passive remote sensing systems), but their combination is necessary and beneficial to achieve a specific monitoring goal. In this case, constellations are more likely to build upon the complementarity of resultant information products from these incompatible sensors rather than the raw physical measurements. In this communication, we explore the potential and possible limitations to be overcome regarding virtual constellations for terrestrial science applications, discuss potentials and limitations of various candidate sensors, and provide context on integration of sensors. Thematically, we focus on land-cover and land-use change (LCLUC), with emphasis given to medium spatial resolution ( i.e. , pixels sided 10 to 100 m) sensors, specifically as a complement to those onboard the Landsat series of satellites. We conclude that virtual constellations have the potential to notably improve observation capacity and thereby Earth science and monitoring programs in general. Various national and international parties have made notable and valuable progress related to virtual constellations. There is, however, inertia inherent to Earth observation programs, largely related to their complexity, as well as national interests, observation aims, and high system costs. Herein we define and describe virtual constellations, offer the science and applications information needs to offer context, provide the scientific support for a range of virtual constellation levels based upon applications readiness, capped by a discussion of issues and opportunities toward facilitating implementation of virtual constellations (in their various forms). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
KW  - MULTISENSOR data fusion
KW  - LAND use
KW  - LAND cover
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - Constellation
KW  - Land cover
KW  - Land use
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Monitoring
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Science
KW  - Sentinel-2
N1  - Accession Number: 110576422; Wulder, Michael A. 1; Email Address: mike.wulder@canada.ca Hilker, Thomas 2 White, Joanne C. 1 Coops, Nicholas C. 3 Masek, Jeffrey G. 4 Pflugmacher, Dirk 5 Crevier, Yves 6; Affiliation:  1: Canadian Forest Service, Pacific Forestry Center, Natural Resources Canada, 506 West Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada  2: College of Forestry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA  3: Department of Forest Resource Management, Forest Sciences Centre, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada  4: Biospheric Sciences Branch, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Geography Department, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany  6: Earth Observation Applications and Utilization, Space Utilization Directorate, Agence Spatiale Canadienne|Canadian Space Agency, 6767, route de l'Aéroport, Saint-Hubert, QC J3Y 8Y9, Canada; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 170, p62; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Subject Term: MULTISENSOR data fusion; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: LAND cover; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constellation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land use; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sentinel-2; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2015.09.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110576422&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
AU  - Monk, Joshua D.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Failure of single phenolic chains and cross-links: Energetics, mechanisms, and alternative linker design.
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2015/12/02/
VL  - 80
M3  - Article
SP  - 265
EP  - 274
SN  - 00323861
AB  - The stretching of a single chain of phenolic polymer is studied using density functional theory (DFT) and the reactive force field (ReaxFF) potential. The most detailed studies are performed at 0 K, which shows the breaking of the C(ring)-CH 2 bridge bond can be delayed to longer polymer length by a ring opening mechanism that relieves the strain. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, using the DFT approach, show that C–CH 2 bridge bond breaking occurs much more frequently than the ring opening. The stretching potentials determined using ReaxFF compare favorably with the DFT results. Using ReaxFF, stretching of cross-linked systems were considered and compared to single chains. The effect of changing the linking group on the bond stretching portion of the potential is found to be relatively small, but the effect on the bond energies can be significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROSSLINKED polymers
KW  - PHENOLS
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - RING formation (Chemistry)
KW  - Density functional theory
KW  - Linking groups
KW  - Strain
N1  - Accession Number: 111297531; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov Monk, Joshua D. 1 Lawson, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 80, p265; Subject Term: CROSSLINKED polymers; Subject Term: PHENOLS; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: RING formation (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Density functional theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linking groups; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.10.050
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111297531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon C. Schuler
AU  - Zachary A. Vaz
AU  - Orlando J. Katime Santrich
AU  - Katia Cunha
AU  - Verne V. Smith
AU  - Jeremy R. King
AU  - Johanna K. Teske
AU  - Luan Ghezzi
AU  - Steve B. Howell
AU  - Howard Isaacson
T1  - DETAILED ABUNDANCES OF STARS WITH SMALL PLANETS DISCOVERED BY KEPLER. I. THE FIRST SAMPLE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/12/10/
VL  - 815
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present newly derived stellar parameters and the detailed abundances of 19 elements of seven stars with small planets discovered by NASA's Kepler Mission. Each star, save one, has at least one planet with a radius ≤1.6 R⊕, suggesting a primarily rocky composition. The stellar parameters and abundances are derived from high signal-to-noise ratio, high-resolution echelle spectroscopy obtained with the 10 m Keck I telescope and High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer using standard spectroscopic techniques. The metallicities of the seven stars range from −0.32 to +0.13 dex, with an average metallicity that is subsolar, supporting previous suggestions that, unlike Jupiter-type giant planets, small planets do not form preferentially around metal-rich stars. The abundances of elements other than iron are in line with a population of Galactic disk stars, and despite our modest sample size, we find hints that the compositions of stars with small planets are similar to stars without known planets and with Neptune-size planets, but not to those of stars with giant planets. This suggests that the formation of small planets does not require exceptional host-star compositions and that small planets may be ubiquitous in the Galaxy. We compare our derived abundances (which have typical uncertainties of ≲0.04 dex) to the condensation temperature of the elements; a correlation between the two has been suggested as a possible signature of rocky planet formation. None of the stars demonstrate the putative rocky planet signature, despite at least three of the stars having rocky planets estimated to contain enough refractory material to produce the signature, if real. More detailed abundance analyses of stars known to host small planets are needed to verify our results and place ever more stringent constraints on planet formation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - COSMIC abundances
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - ECHELLE gratings
N1  - Accession Number: 111884731; Simon C. Schuler 1,2; Email Address: sschuler@ut.edu Zachary A. Vaz 1; Email Address: zachary.vaz@spartans.ut.edu Orlando J. Katime Santrich 3; Email Address: osantrich@on.br Katia Cunha 3,4; Email Address: kcunha@noao.edu Verne V. Smith 3,5; Email Address: vsmith@noao.edu Jeremy R. King 6; Email Address: jking2@clemson.edu Johanna K. Teske 7,8; Email Address: jteske@carnegiescience.edu Luan Ghezzi 9; Email Address: lghezzi@cfa.harvard.edu Steve B. Howell 2,10; Email Address: steve.b.howell@nasa.gov Howard Isaacson 11; Email Address: hisaacson@berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, 33606 USA  2: Visiting Astronomer, Kitt Peak National Observatory, National Optical Astronomy Observatory, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.  3: Observatório Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil  4: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA  5: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ, 85719 USA  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA  7: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015 USA  8: Carnegie Origins Fellow, joint appointment between Carnegie DTM/OCIW.  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA  11: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA; Source Info: 12/10/2015, Vol. 815 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: COSMIC abundances; Subject Term: INNER planets; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: ECHELLE gratings; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/815/1/5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111884731&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephen R. Kane
AU  - Thomas Barclay
AU  - Michael Hartmann
AU  - Artie P. Hatzes
AU  - Eric L. N. Jensen
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Daniel Huber
AU  - Jason T. Wright
AU  - Elisa V. Quintana
T1  - ON THE STELLAR COMPANION TO THE EXOPLANET HOSTING STAR 30 ARIETIS B.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/12/10/
VL  - 815
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A crucial aspect of understanding planet formation is determining the binarity of the host stars. Results from radial velocity (RV) surveys and the follow-up of Kepler exoplanet candidates have demonstrated that stellar binarity certainly does not exclude the presence of planets in stable orbits and the configuration may in fact be relatively common. Here we present new results for the 30 Arietis system which confirms that the B component hosts both planetary and stellar companions. Keck AO imaging provides direct detection of the stellar companion and additional RV data are consistent with an orbiting star. We present a revised orbit of the known planet along with photometry during predicted transit times. Finally, we provide constraints on the properties of the stellar companion based on orbital stability considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 111884716; Stephen R. Kane 1; Email Address: skane@sfsu.edu Thomas Barclay 2,3 Michael Hartmann 4 Artie P. Hatzes 4 Eric L. N. Jensen 5 David R. Ciardi 6 Daniel Huber 7,8 Jason T. Wright 9,10 Elisa V. Quintana 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 596 1st Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  4: Thüringer Landessternwarte, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany  5: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA  6: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech, MS 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  8: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  9: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA  10: Center for Exoplanets & Habitable Worlds, Pennsylvania State University, 525 Davey Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Source Info: 12/10/2015, Vol. 815 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/815/1/32
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111884716&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Southworth, John
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, J.
AU  - Novati, S. Calchi
AU  - Ciceri, S.
AU  - D'Ago, G.
AU  - Delrez, L.
AU  - Dominik, M.
AU  - Evans, D. F.
AU  - Gillon, M.
AU  - Jehin, E.
AU  - Jørgensen, U. G.
AU  - Haugbølle, T.
AU  - Lendl, M.
AU  - Arena, C.
AU  - Barbieri, L.
AU  - Barbieri, M.
AU  - Corfini, G.
AU  - Lopresti, C.
AU  - Marchini, A.
T1  - Larger and faster: revised properties and a shorter orbital period for the WASP-57 planetary system from a pro-am collaboration.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/12/11/
VL  - 454
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 3094
EP  - 3107
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Transits in the WASP-57 planetary system have been found to occur half an hour earlier than expected. We present 10 transit light curves from amateur telescopes, on which this discovery was based, 13 transit light curves from professional facilities which confirm and refine this finding, and high-resolution imaging which show no evidence for nearby companions. We use these data to determine a new and precise orbital ephemeris, and measure the physical properties of the system. Our revised orbital period is 4.5 s shorter than found from the discovery data alone, which explains the early occurrence of the transits. We also find both the star and planet to be larger and less massive than previously thought. The measured mass and radius of the planet are now consistent with theoretical models of gas giants containing no heavy-element core, as expected for the subsolar metallicity of the host star. Two transits were observed simultaneously in four passbands. We use the resulting light curves to measure the planet's radius as a function of wavelength, finding that our data are sufficient in principle but not in practise to constrain its atmospheric properties. We conclude with a discussion of the current and future status of transmission photometry studies for probing the atmospheres of gas-giant transiting planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - EPHEMERIS Time
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual:WASP-57
N1  - Accession Number: 110874835; Southworth, John 1; Email Address: astro.js@keele.ac.uk Mancini, L. 2 Tregloan-Reed, J. 3 Novati, S. Calchi 4,5,6 Ciceri, S. 2 D'Ago, G. 5,6,7 Delrez, L. 8 Dominik, M. 9 Evans, D. F. 1 Gillon, M. 8 Jehin, E. 8 Jørgensen, U. G. 10 Haugbølle, T. 10 Lendl, M. 8,11 Arena, C. 12,13 Barbieri, L. 12,14 Barbieri, M. 15 Corfini, G. 12 Lopresti, C. 12,16 Marchini, A. 12,17; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  2: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, MS 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello', Università di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy  6: Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), I-84019 Vietri Sul Mare (SA), Italy  7: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy  8: Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium  9: SUPA, University of St Andrews, School of Physics & Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK  10: Niels Bohr Institute & Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark  11: Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Chemin des maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland  12: Sezione Pianeti Extrasolari - Unione Astrofili Italiani (UAI)  13: Gruppo Astrofili Catanesi - Catania, Italy  14: AAB Associazione Astrofili Bolognesi, Bologna, Italy  15: Department of Physics, University of Atacama, Copayapu 485, Copiapo, Chile  16: Istituto Spezzino Ricerche Astronomiche - I.R.A.S., La Spezia, Italy  17: DSFTA - Astronomical Observatory, University of Siena, Via Roma 56, I-53100 Siena, Italy; Source Info: 12/11/2015, Vol. 454 Issue 3, p3094; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: EPHEMERIS Time; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual:WASP-57; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2183
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110874835&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackie, Cameron J.
AU  - Candian, Alessandra
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Maltseva, Elena
AU  - Petrignani, Annemieke
AU  - Oomens, Jos
AU  - Buma, Wybren Jan
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
T1  - The anharmonic quartic force field infrared spectra of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Naphthalene, anthracene, and tetracene.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2015/12/14/
VL  - 143
IS  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Current efforts to characterize and study interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) rely heavily on theoretically predicted infrared (IR) spectra. Generally, such studies use the scaled harmonic frequencies for band positions and double harmonic approximation for intensities of species, and then compare these calculated spectra with experimental spectra obtained under matrix isolation conditions. High-resolution gas-phase experimental spectroscopic studies have recently revealed that the double harmonic approximation is not sufficient for reliable spectra prediction. In this paper, we present the anharmonic theoretical spectra of three PAHs: naphthalene, anthracene, and tetracene, computed with a locally modified version of the SPECTRO program using Cartesian derivatives transformed from Gaussian 09 normal coordinate force constants. Proper treatments of Fermi resonances lead to an impressive improvement on the agreement between the observed and theoretical spectra, especially in the C-H stretching region. All major IR absorption features in the full-scale matrix-isolated spectra, the high-temperature gas-phase spectra, and the most recent high-resolution gas-phase spectra obtained under supersonically cooled molecular beam conditions in the CHstretching region are assigned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANHARMONIC motion
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - NAPHTHALENE
KW  - ANTHRACENE
KW  - MOLECULAR beams
N1  - Accession Number: 111830903; Mackie, Cameron J. 1; Email Address: mackie@strw.leidenuniv.nl Candian, Alessandra 1 Xinchuan Huang 2 Maltseva, Elena 3 Petrignani, Annemieke 1,4 Oomens, Jos 4 Buma, Wybren Jan 3 Lee, Timothy J. 5 Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  4: Radboud University, FELIX Laboratory, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 143 Issue 22, p1; Subject Term: ANHARMONIC motion; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: NAPHTHALENE; Subject Term: ANTHRACENE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR beams; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 10 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4936779
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111830903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Masnovi, John
AU  - Banger, Kulbinder K.
AU  - Fanwick, Philip E.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - Structural characterization of copper–indium chalcopyrite precursors (PPh3)2CuIn(ER)4 [R = CH3, E = S and R = Ph, E = S and Se].
JO  - Polyhedron
JF  - Polyhedron
Y1  - 2015/12/14/
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 246
EP  - 252
SN  - 02775387
AB  - Three copper–indium bimetallic compounds, (PPh 3 ) 2 CuIn(ER) 4 [R = CH 3 , E = S and R = Ph, E = S and Se], potentially useful as single-source precursors for the lower temperature (<400 °C) synthesis of ternary chalcopyrite photovoltaic materials, contain an inorganic core structure consisting of two triphenylphosphine ligands attached to Cu(I), two thiolate or selenolate ligands attached to In(III), and an additional two bridging S or Se anion ligands. The metal and bridging chalcogen atoms form planar rings. The ligands adopt geometries to minimize steric interactions, and the intramolecular Cu…In nonbonded distances (3.285–3.500 Å) depend on the stereoelectronic demands of the ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Polyhedron is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COPPER compounds
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
KW  - CHALCOPYRITE
KW  - CHEMICAL precursors
KW  - INDIUM compounds
KW  - LIGANDS
KW  - Chalcopyrite
KW  - Copper
KW  - Indium
KW  - Photovoltaics
KW  - Precursors
N1  - Accession Number: 111529332; Masnovi, John 1; Email Address: j.masnovi@csuohio.edu Banger, Kulbinder K. 2; Email Address: kkb_28@yahoo.com Fanwick, Philip E. 3; Email Address: pfanwick@purdue.edu Hepp, Aloysius F. 4; Email Address: Aloysius.F.Hepp@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, OH 44142, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 302-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 102, p246; Subject Term: COPPER compounds; Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; Subject Term: CHALCOPYRITE; Subject Term: CHEMICAL precursors; Subject Term: INDIUM compounds; Subject Term: LIGANDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chalcopyrite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Copper; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photovoltaics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precursors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212233 Copper-zinc ore mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212234 Copper Ore and Nickel Ore Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.poly.2015.09.038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111529332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poppe, A.R.
AU  - Zimmerman, M.I.
AU  - Halekas, J.S.
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
T1  - The electrostatic plasma environment of a small airless body under non-aligned plasma flow and UV conditions.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2015/12/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 120
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Airless bodies interact with a wide variety of plasma environments throughout the solar system. For many objects, incident plasma is nearly co-aligned with solar ultraviolet radiation leading to the development of a positively charged dayside photoelectron sheath and a negatively charged nightside plasma sheath. Other objects, however, are present in environments where the plasma flow and solar UV radiation may not co-align. These environments include, for example, the moons of Mars as they pass through the deflected Martian magnetosheath, and many of the moons of the outer planets, which are embedded in co-rotating planetary magnetospheres. The decoupling of the plasma flow and UV incidence vectors opens up a wide range of possible surface charging and near-object plasma conditions as a function of the relative plasma-UV incidence angle. Here, we report on a series of simulations of the plasma interaction of a small body (effectively smaller than both electron and ion gyroradii) with both flowing plasma and UV radiation for different plasma-UV incidence angles using an electrostatic treecode model. We describe the plasma and electric field environment both on the object surface and in the interaction region surrounding the object, including complex surface charge and electric field distributions, interactions between surface-generated photoelectrons and ambient plasma electrons, and complex potential distributions, all of which vary as a function of the relative plasma flow-UV angle. We also show that in certain conditions, non-monotonic potential structures may exist around such objects, partially similar to those found at Earth's Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - PHOTOELECTRONS
KW  - PLASMA flow
KW  - Airless bodies
KW  - Photoelectron sheaths
KW  - Plasma interactions
KW  - Plasma wakes
KW  - Surface charging/potentials
N1  - Accession Number: 111185237; Poppe, A.R. 1,2; Email Address: poppe@ssl.berkeley.edu Zimmerman, M.I. 2,3 Halekas, J.S. 2,4 Farrell, W.M. 2,5; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA  3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 119, p111; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: PHOTOELECTRONS; Subject Term: PLASMA flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airless bodies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photoelectron sheaths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma wakes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface charging/potentials; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.06.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111185237&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scoville, John
AU  - Sornette, Jaufray
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
T1  - Paradox of peroxy defects and positive holes in rocks Part II: Outflow of electric currents from stressed rocks.
JO  - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
JF  - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
Y1  - 2015/12/16/Dec2015 Part 2
VL  - 114
M3  - Article
SP  - 338
EP  - 351
SN  - 13679120
AB  - Understanding the electrical properties of rocks is of fundamental interest. We report on currents generated when stresses are applied. Loading the center of gabbro tiles, 30 × 30 × 0.9 cm 3 , across a 5 cm diameter piston, leads to positive currents flowing from the center to the unstressed edges. Changing the constant rate of loading over 5 orders of magnitude from 0.2 kPa/s to 20 MPa/s produces positive currents, which start to flow already at low stress levels, <5 MPa. The currents increase as long as stresses increase. At constant load they flow for hours, days, even weeks and months, slowly decreasing with time. When stresses are removed, they rapidly disappear but can be made to reappear upon reloading. These currents are consistent with the stress–activation of peroxy defects, such as O 3 Si–OO–SiO 3 , in the matrix of rock-forming minerals. The peroxy break-up leads to positive holes h , i.e. electronic states associated with O − in a matrix of O 2− , plus electrons, e′. Propagating along the upper edge of the valence band, the h are able to flow from stressed to unstressed rock, traveling fast and far by way of a phonon-assisted electron hopping mechanism using energy levels at the upper edge of the valence band. Impacting the tile center leads to h pulses, 4–6 ms long, flowing outward at ∼100 m/s at a current equivalent to 1–2 × 10 9 A/km 3 . Electrons, trapped in the broken peroxy bonds, are also mobile, but only within the stressed volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Asian Earth Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKS
KW  - ELECTRIC properties
KW  - ELECTRIC currents
KW  - GABBRO
KW  - TILES
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Outflow currents
KW  - Peroxy defects
KW  - Positive holes
KW  - Pre-Earthquake processes
KW  - Stress-activated currents
N1  - Accession Number: 111441956; Scoville, John 1,2,3 Sornette, Jaufray 3 Freund, Friedemann T. 1,2,4,5; Email Address: friedemann.t.freund@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: GeoCosmo Science and Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: San Jose State University, Dept of Physics, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Earth Science Division, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Dec2015 Part 2, Vol. 114, p338; Subject Term: ROCKS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC properties; Subject Term: ELECTRIC currents; Subject Term: GABBRO; Subject Term: TILES; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Outflow currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peroxy defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positive holes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pre-Earthquake processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress-activated currents; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327120 Clay Building Material and Refractories Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 444190 Other Building Material Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238340 Tile and Terrazzo Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416390 Other specialty-line building supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.04.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111441956&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
AU  - Freund, Minoru M.
T1  - Paradox of peroxy defects and positive holes in rocks. Part I: Effect of temperature.
JO  - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
JF  - Journal of Asian Earth Sciences
Y1  - 2015/12/16/Dec2015 Part 2
VL  - 114
M3  - Article
SP  - 373
EP  - 383
SN  - 13679120
AB  - Most non-seismic, non-geodesic pre-earthquake phenomena are believed to be controlled by the stress-activation of peroxy defects in rocks, which release highly mobile electric charges. Though ubiquitous in minerals of igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks, peroxy defects have been widely overlooked in the past. The charge carriers of interest are positive holes, chemically equivalent to O − in a matrix of O 2− , physically defect electrons in the O 2− sublattice, highly mobile, able to propagate fast and far. O − are oxidized relative to O 2− . As such O − are not supposed to exist in minerals and rocks that come from deep within the Earth’s crust, where the environments are overwhelmingly reduced. The presence of O − appears to contradict thermodynamics. However, there is no conflict. In order to understand how peroxy defects are introduced into common rock-forming minerals, over which temperature window they release positive holes, and how this may be related to pre-earthquake phenomena, we look at peroxy defects in a crystallographically and compositionally well characterized model system: single crystals of nominally high-purity MgO, grown from the melt under highly reducing conditions. During crystallization the MgO crystals incorporate OH − through dissolution of traces of H 2 O in the MgO matrix, leading to a solid solution (ss) Mg 1− δ (OH) 2 δ O 1−2 δ , where δ ≪ 1. During cooling, the ss leaves thermodynamic equilibrium, turning into a metastable supersaturated solid solution (sss). Using infrared (IR) spectroscopy it is shown that, during further cooling, OH − pairs at Mg 2+ vacancy sites rearrange their electrons, undergoing a redox conversion, which leads to peroxy anions, O 2 2− , plus molecular H 2 . Being diffusively mobile, the H 2 molecules can leave the Mg 2+ vacancy sites, leaving behind cation-deficient Mg 1− δ O. During reheating, but in the sss range, the O 2 2− break up, releasing positive hole charge carriers, which profoundly affect the electrical conductivity behavior. In igneous mafic and ultramafic rocks, similar changes in the electrical conductivity are observed in the temperature window, where peroxy defects of the type O 3 Si-OO-SiO 3 break up. They release positive holes, which control the electrical conductivity response. Deciphering these processes helps understanding the stress-activation of positive holes along the geotherm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Asian Earth Sciences is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTHQUAKES
KW  - ROCK deformation
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on rocks
KW  - GEOPHYSICISTS
KW  - EARTH sciences
KW  - Electrical conductivity
KW  - High-grade metamorphic rocks
KW  - Igneous rocks
KW  - Magnesium oxide
KW  - Peroxy defects
KW  - Positive hole charge carriers
KW  - Thermal activation
N1  - Accession Number: 111441965; Freund, Friedemann T. 1,2,3; Email Address: friedemann.t.freund@nasa.gov Freund, Minoru M. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  2: Department of Physics, San Jose State University, United States  3: SETI Institute, United States  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Space Materials, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Dec2015 Part 2, Vol. 114, p373; Subject Term: EARTHQUAKES; Subject Term: ROCK deformation; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on rocks; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICISTS; Subject Term: EARTH sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-grade metamorphic rocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Igneous rocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnesium oxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peroxy defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positive hole charge carriers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal activation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.04.047
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111441965&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Feister, Uwe
AU  - Cabrol, Nathalie
AU  - Häder, Donat
T1  - UV Irradiance Enhancements by Scattering of Solar Radiation from Clouds.
JO  - Atmosphere
JF  - Atmosphere
Y1  - 2015/12/18/
VL  - 6
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1228
AB  - Scattering of solar radiation by clouds can reduce or enhance solar global irradiance compared to cloudless-sky irradiance at the Earth's surface. Cloud effects to global irradiance can be described by Cloud Modification Factors (CMF). Depending on strength and duration, irradiance enhancements affect the energy balance of the surface and gain of solar power for electric energy generation. In the ultraviolet region, they increase the risk for damage to living organisms. Wavelength-dependent CMFs have been shown to reach 1.5 even in the UV-B region at low altitudes. Ground-based solar radiation measurements in the high Andes region at altitudes up to 5917 m a.s.l showed cloud-induced irradiance enhancements. While UV-A enhancements were explained by cloud scattering, both radiation scattering from clouds and Negative Ozone Anomalies (NOA) have been discussed to have caused short-time enhancement of UV-B irradiance. Based on scenarios using published CMF and additional spectroradiometric measurements at a low-altitude site, the contribution of cloud scattering to the UV-B irradiance enhancement in the Andes region has been estimated. The range of UV index estimates converted from measured UV-B and UV-A irradiance and modeled cloudless-sky ratios UV-B/erythemal UV is compatible with an earlier estimate of an extreme UV index value of 43 derived for the high Andes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmosphere is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - WEATHER control
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - OZONE
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - cloud modification factors
KW  - cloud scattering
KW  - high-altitude radiation measurements
KW  - UV-B and UV-A irradiance
N1  - Accession Number: 109145792; Feister, Uwe 1; Email Address: uwefeister@web.de Cabrol, Nathalie 2; Email Address: Nathalie.A.Cabrol@nasa.gov Häder, Donat 3; Email Address: donat@dphaeder.de; Affiliation:  1: Meteorological Observatory Lindenberg-Richard-Aßmann-Observatory, German Meteorological Service, Lindenberg 15848, Germany  2: SETI Institute Carl Sagan Center/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen 91054, Germany; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 6 Issue 8, p1211; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: WEATHER control; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud modification factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-altitude radiation measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV-B and UV-A irradiance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/atmos6081211
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=109145792&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rivero-Calle, Sara
AU  - Gnanadesikan, Anand
AU  - Del Castillo, Carlos E.
AU  - Balch, William M.
AU  - Guikema, Seth D.
T1  - Multidecadal increase in North Atlantic coccolithophores and the potential role of rising CO2.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2015/12/18/
VL  - 350
IS  - 6267
M3  - Article
SP  - 1533
EP  - 1537
SN  - 00368075
AB  - As anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions acidify the oceans, calcifiers generally are expected to be negatively affected. However, using data from the Continuous Plankton Recorder, we show that coccolithophore occurrence in the North Atlantic increased from ~2 to more than 20% from 1965 through 2010. We used random forest models to examine more than 20 possible environmental drivers of this change, finding that CO2 and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation were the best predictors, leading us to hypothesize that higher CO2 levels might be encouraging growth. A compilation of 41 independent laboratory studies supports our hypothesis. Our study shows a long-term basin-scale increase in coccolithophores and suggests that increasing CO2 and temperature have accelerated the growth of a phytoplankton group that is important for carbon cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - COCCOLITHOPHORES
KW  - PHYTOPLANKTON
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 111875224; Rivero-Calle, Sara 1,2; Email Address: sara.rivero@jhu.edu Gnanadesikan, Anand 1; Email Address: gnanades@jhu.edu Del Castillo, Carlos E. 1,3 Balch, William M. 4 Guikema, Seth D. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA  2: Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, East Boothbay, ME, USA  5: Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Source Info: 12/18/2015, Vol. 350 Issue 6267, p1533; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: COCCOLITHOPHORES; Subject Term: PHYTOPLANKTON; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaa8026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Caroline V. Morley
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - Mark S. Marley
AU  - Kevin Zahnle
AU  - Michael Line
AU  - Eliza Kempton
AU  - Nikole Lewis
AU  - Kerri Cahoy
T1  - THERMAL EMISSION AND REFLECTED LIGHT SPECTRA OF SUPER EARTHS WITH FLAT TRANSMISSION SPECTRA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/12/20/
VL  - 815
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Planets larger than Earth and smaller than Neptune are some of the most numerous in the galaxy, but observational efforts to understand this population have proved challenging because optically thick clouds or hazes at high altitudes obscure molecular features. We present models of super Earths that include thick clouds and hazes and predict their transmission, thermal emission, and reflected light spectra. Very thick, lofted clouds of salts or sulfides in high metallicity (1000× solar) atmospheres create featureless transmission spectra in the near-infrared. Photochemical hazes with a range of particle sizes also create featureless transmission spectra at lower metallicities. Cloudy thermal emission spectra have muted features more like blackbodies, and hazy thermal emission spectra have emission features caused by an inversion layer at altitudes where the haze forms. Close analysis of reflected light from warm (∼400–800 K) planets can distinguish cloudy spectra, which have moderate albedos (0.05–0.20), from hazy models, which are very dark (0.0–0.03). Reflected light spectra of cold planets (∼200 K) accessible to a space-based visible light coronagraph will have high albedos and large molecular features that will allow them to be more easily characterized than the warmer transiting planets. We suggest a number of complementary observations to characterize this population of planets, including transmission spectra of hot ( K) targets, thermal emission spectra of warm targets using the James Webb Space Telescope, high spectral resolution (R ∼ 105) observations of cloudy targets, and reflected light spectral observations of directly imaged cold targets. Despite the dearth of features observed in super Earth transmission spectra to date, different observations will provide rich diagnostics of their atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - MOLECULAR weights
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 111884778; Caroline V. Morley 1; Email Address: cmorley@ucolick.org Jonathan J. Fortney 1 Mark S. Marley 2 Kevin Zahnle 2 Michael Line 2 Eliza Kempton 3 Nikole Lewis 4 Kerri Cahoy 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, USA  3: Grinnell College, USA  4: Space Telescope Science Institute, USA  5: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; Source Info: 12/20/2015, Vol. 815 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: MOLECULAR weights; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dorian S. N. Parker
AU  - Tao Yang
AU  - Beni B. Dangi
AU  - Ralf. I. Kaiser
AU  - Partha P. Bera
AU  - Timothy J. Lee
T1  - LOW TEMPERATURE FORMATION OF NITROGEN-SUBSTITUTED POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PANHs)—BARRIERLESS ROUTES TO DIHYDRO(iso)QUINOLINES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/12/20/
VL  - 815
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Meteorites contain bio-relevant molecules such as vitamins and nucleobases, which consist of aromatic structures with embedded nitrogen atoms. Questions remain over the chemical mechanisms responsible for the formation of nitrogen-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PANHs) in extraterrestrial environments. By exploiting single collision conditions, we show that a radical mediated bimolecular collision between pyridyl radicals and 1,3-butadiene in the gas phase forms nitrogen-substituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PANHs) 1,4-dihydroquinoline and to a minor amount 1,4-dihydroisoquinoline. The reaction proceeds through the formation of a van der Waals complex, which circumnavigates the entrance barrier implying it can operate at very low kinetic energy and therefore at low temperatures of 10 K as present in cold molecular clouds such as TMC-1. The discovery of facile de facto barrierless exoergic reaction mechanisms leading to PANH formation could play an important role in providing a population of aromatic structures upon which further photo-processing of ice condensates could occur to form nucleobases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIMOLECULAR collisions
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - QUINOLINE -- Synthesis
KW  - SUBSTITUENTS (Chemistry)
KW  - BASE pairs
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
N1  - Accession Number: 111884771; Dorian S. N. Parker 1 Tao Yang 1 Beni B. Dangi 1 Ralf. I. Kaiser 1; Email Address: ralfk@hawaii.edu Partha P. Bera 2,3 Timothy J. Lee 2; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St Ste. 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA; Source Info: 12/20/2015, Vol. 815 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BIMOLECULAR collisions; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: QUINOLINE -- Synthesis; Subject Term: SUBSTITUENTS (Chemistry); Subject Term: BASE pairs; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/115
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ignacio Ugarte-Urra
AU  - Lisa Upton
AU  - Harry P. Warren
AU  - David H. Hathaway
T1  - MAGNETIC FLUX TRANSPORT AND THE LONG-TERM EVOLUTION OF SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/12/20/
VL  - 815
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - With multiple vantage points around the Sun, Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) and Solar Dynamics Observatory imaging observations provide a unique opportunity to view the solar surface continuously. We use He ii 304 Å data from these observatories to isolate and track ten active regions and study their long-term evolution. We find that active regions typically follow a standard pattern of emergence over several days followed by a slower decay that is proportional in time to the peak intensity in the region. Since STEREO does not make direct observations of the magnetic field, we employ a flux-luminosity relationship to infer the total unsigned magnetic flux evolution. To investigate this magnetic flux decay over several rotations we use a surface flux transport model, the Advective Flux Transport model, that simulates convective flows using a time-varying velocity field and find that the model provides realistic predictions when information about the active region's magnetic field strength and distribution at peak flux is available. Finally, we illustrate how 304 Å images can be used as a proxy for magnetic flux measurements when magnetic field data is not accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUN
KW  - SUN -- Active regions
KW  - LONG-Term Evolution (Telecommunications)
KW  - MAGNETIC flux
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - EVOLUTION
N1  - Accession Number: 111884759; Ignacio Ugarte-Urra 1 Lisa Upton 2 Harry P. Warren 3 David H. Hathaway 4; Affiliation:  1: College of Science, George Mason University 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA  2: Independent Researcher, Broomfield, CO 80020, USA  3: Space Science Division, Code 7681, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 258-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 12/20/2015, Vol. 815 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: SUN -- Active regions; Subject Term: LONG-Term Evolution (Telecommunications); Subject Term: MAGNETIC flux; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: EVOLUTION; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/90
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ji Wang
AU  - Debra A. Fischer
AU  - Thomas Barclay
AU  - Alyssa Picard
AU  - Bo Ma
AU  - Brendan P. Bowler
AU  - Joseph R. Schmitt
AU  - Tabetha S. Boyajian
AU  - Kian J. Jek
AU  - Daryll LaCourse
AU  - Christoph Baranec
AU  - Reed Riddle
AU  - Nicholas M. Law
AU  - Chris Lintott
AU  - Kevin Schawinski
AU  - Dean Joseph Simister
AU  - Boscher Grégoire
AU  - Sean P. Babin
AU  - Trevor Poile
AU  - Thomas Lee Jacobs
T1  - PLANET HUNTERS. VIII. CHARACTERIZATION OF 41 LONG-PERIOD EXOPLANET CANDIDATES FROM KEPLER ARCHIVAL DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2015/12/20/
VL  - 815
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The census of exoplanets is incomplete for orbital distances larger than 1 AU. Here, we present 41 long-period planet candidates in 38 systems identified by Planet Hunters based on Kepler archival data (Q0–Q17). Among them, 17 exhibit only one transit, 14 have two visible transits, and 10 have more than three visible transits. For planet candidates with only one visible transit, we estimate their orbital periods based on transit duration and host star properties. The majority of the planet candidates in this work (75%) have orbital periods that correspond to distances of 1–3 AU from their host stars. We conduct follow-up imaging and spectroscopic observations to validate and characterize planet host stars. In total, we obtain adaptive optics images for 33 stars to search for possible blending sources. Six stars have stellar companions within 4″. We obtain high-resolution spectra for 6 stars to determine their physical properties. Stellar properties for other stars are obtained from the NASA Exoplanet Archive and the Kepler Stellar Catalog by Huber et al. We validate 7 planet candidates that have planet confidence over 0.997 (3σ level). These validated planets include 3 single-transit planets (KIC-3558849b, KIC-5951458b, and KIC-8540376c), 3 planets with double transits (KIC-8540376b, KIC-9663113b, and KIC-10525077b), and 1 planet with four transits (KIC-5437945b). This work provides assessment regarding the existence of planets at wide separations and the associated false positive rate for transiting observation (17%–33%). More than half of the long-period planets with at least three transits in this paper exhibit transit timing variations up to 41 hr, which suggest additional components that dynamically interact with the transiting planet candidates. The nature of these components can be determined by follow-up radial velocity and transit observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - COSMOLOGICAL distances
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 111884766; Ji Wang 1,2 Debra A. Fischer 1 Thomas Barclay 3,4 Alyssa Picard 1 Bo Ma 5 Brendan P. Bowler 2,6 Joseph R. Schmitt 1 Tabetha S. Boyajian 1 Kian J. Jek 7 Daryll LaCourse 7 Christoph Baranec 8 Reed Riddle 2 Nicholas M. Law 9 Chris Lintott 10 Kevin Schawinski 11 Dean Joseph Simister 7 Boscher Grégoire 7 Sean P. Babin 7 Trevor Poile 7 Thomas Lee Jacobs 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  2: California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third Street West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611-2055, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA  7: Planet Hunter  8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3255, USA  10: Oxford Astrophysics, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  11: Institute for Astronomy, Department of Physics, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Source Info: 12/20/2015, Vol. 815 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: COSMOLOGICAL distances; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0004-637X/815/2/127
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaoming Chen
AU  - Liuyang Zhang
AU  - Cheol Park
AU  - Fay, Catharine C.
AU  - Xianqiao Wang
AU  - Changhong Ke
T1  - Mechanical strength of boron nitride nanotube-polymer interfaces.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2015/12/21/
VL  - 107
IS  - 25
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We investigate the mechanical strength of boron nitride nanotube (BNNT) polymerinterfaces by using in situelectron microscopy nanomechanical single-tube pull-out techniques. The nanomechanical measurements show that the shear strengths of BNNT-epoxy and BNNT-poly(methyl methacrylate) interfaces reach 323 and 219MPa, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the superior load transfer capacity of BNNT-polymer interfaces is ascribed to both the strong van der Waals interactions and Coulomb interactions on BNNT-polymer interfaces. The findings of the extraordinary mechanical strength of BNNT-polymer interfaces suggest that BNNTs are excellent reinforcing nanofiller materials for light-weight and high-strength polymernanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR nanotubes
KW  - SHEAR strength
KW  - COULOMB potential
KW  - VAN der Waals forces
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - NANOMECHANICS
N1  - Accession Number: 111963114; Xiaoming Chen 1 Liuyang Zhang 2 Cheol Park 3,4 Fay, Catharine C. 3 Xianqiao Wang 2; Email Address: xqwang@uga.edu Changhong Ke 1; Email Address: cke@binghamton.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA  2: College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  4: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA; Source Info: 2015, Vol. 107 Issue 25, p1; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR nanotubes; Subject Term: SHEAR strength; Subject Term: COULOMB potential; Subject Term: VAN der Waals forces; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: NANOMECHANICS; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4936755
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, L. C.
AU  - Lucas, P. W.
AU  - Peña, C. Contreras
AU  - Kurtev, R.
AU  - Marocco, F.
AU  - Jones, H. R. A.
AU  - Beamin, J. C.
AU  - Napiwotzki, R.
AU  - Borissova, J.
AU  - Burningham, B.
AU  - Faherty, J.
AU  - Pinfield, D. J.
AU  - Gromadzki, M.
AU  - Ivanov, V. D.
AU  - Minniti, D.
AU  - Stimson, W.
AU  - Villanueva, V.
T1  - Discovery of a brown dwarf companion to the A3V star β Circini.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2015/12/21/
VL  - 454
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4476
EP  - 4483
SN  - 00358711
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - ECHELLE gratings
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - stars: individual: β Circini
N1  - Accession Number: 111112225; Smith, L. C. 1; Email Address: l.smith10@herts.ac.uk Lucas, P. W. 1 Peña, C. Contreras 1,2,3 Kurtev, R. 3,4 Marocco, F. 1 Jones, H. R. A. 1 Beamin, J. C. 3,5,6 Napiwotzki, R. 1 Borissova, J. 3,4 Burningham, B. 1,7 Faherty, J. 8,9 Pinfield, D. J. 1 Gromadzki, M. 3,4 Ivanov, V. D. 6,10 Minniti, D. 2,11 Stimson, W. 1 Villanueva, V. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  2: Departamento de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Republica 220, Santiago, Chile  3: Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Av. Vicua Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile  4: Istitiuto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, ave. Gran Bretaña 1111, Casilla 5030, Valparaíso, Chile  5: Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306, Santiago 22, Chile  6: European Southern Observatory, Ave. Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago 19001, Chile  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA  9: Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10034, USA  10: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, D-85748 Garching bei Munchen, Germany  11: Vatican Observatory, I-V00120 Vatican City State, Italy; Source Info: 12/21/2015, Vol. 454 Issue 4, p4476; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: ECHELLE gratings; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: β Circini; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2290
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, Lauren E.
AU  - Chen, Celia Y.
AU  - Voytek, Mary A.
AU  - Amirbahman, Aria
T1  - The effect of sediment mixing on mercury dynamics in two intertidal mudflats at Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire, USA.
JO  - Marine Chemistry
JF  - Marine Chemistry
Y1  - 2015/12/24/Dec2015 Part 5
VL  - 177
M3  - Article
SP  - 731
EP  - 741
SN  - 03044203
AB  - Estuarine sediments store particulate contaminants including mercury (Hg). We studied Hg sediment dynamics in two intertidal mudflats at Great Bay estuary, NH, over multiple years. Sediments at both mudflats were physically mixed down to ~ 10 cm, as determined by 7 Be measurements, albeit via different mechanisms. Portsmouth mudflat (PT) sediments were subject to bioturbation by infaunal organisms and Squamscott mudflat (SQ) sediments were subject to erosion and redeposition. The presence of higher concentrations of fresh Fe(III) hydroxide at PT suggested bioirrigation by the polychaetes ( Nereis virens ). At depths where infaunal bioirrigation was observed, pore-water inorganic Hg (Hg i ) and methylmercury (MeHg) were lower potentially due to their interaction with Fe(III) hydroxide. Methylmercury concentrations increased immediately below this zone in some samples, suggesting that the observed increase in material flux in bioirrigated sediments may initiate from lower depths. Pore water in sediment at PT also had higher fractions of more protein-like and labile DOC than those at SQ that can lead to increased MeHg production in PT, especially at depths where Hg i is not removed from solution by Fe(III) hydroxide. Where sediment erosion and redeposition were observed at SQ, Hg species distribution was extended deeper into the sediment column. Moreover, methyl coenzyme M reductase (MCR) and mercury reductase ( mer -A) genes were higher at SQ than PT suggesting differences in conditions for Hg cycling. Results showed that the near-surface region of high MeHg concentrations commonly observed in unmixed sediments does not exist in physically mixed sediments that are common in many estuarine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Marine Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BAYS
KW  - ESTUARINE sediments
KW  - METHYLMERCURY
KW  - INTERTIDAL ecology
KW  - TIDAL flats
KW  - FERRIC hydroxides
KW  - NEW Hampshire
KW  - Estuary
KW  - Mercury
KW  - Methylmercury
KW  - Sediment
N1  - Accession Number: 111168528; Brown, Lauren E. 1 Chen, Celia Y. 2 Voytek, Mary A. 3 Amirbahman, Aria 1; Email Address: ariaa@maine.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA  2: Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA  3: Astrobiology Program, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington DC, USA; Source Info: Dec2015 Part 5, Vol. 177, p731; Subject Term: BAYS; Subject Term: ESTUARINE sediments; Subject Term: METHYLMERCURY; Subject Term: INTERTIDAL ecology; Subject Term: TIDAL flats; Subject Term: FERRIC hydroxides; Subject Term: NEW Hampshire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Estuary; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mercury; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methylmercury; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sediment; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stolzenburg, F.
AU  - Johnson, M.T.
AU  - Lee, K.N.
AU  - Jacobson, N.S.
AU  - Faber, K.T.
T1  - The interaction of calcium–magnesium–aluminosilicate with ytterbium silicate environmental barrier materials.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2015/12/25/
VL  - 284
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 50
SN  - 02578972
AB  - The interactions of two potential topcoat materials for environmental barrier coatings, Yb 2 SiO 5 and Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 , with calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate (CMAS) engine deposits were studied. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron diffraction were used to investigate the phase transformation associated with the exposure of Yb 2 SiO 5 and Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 to CMAS at 1300 °C. It was found that Yb 2 SiO 5 strongly reacts with CMAS to completely dissolve the Yb 2 SiO 5 and form hexagonal Ca 2 Yb 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 deposits. In contrast, no discernable reaction between CMAS and Yb 2 Si 2 O 7 , was observed over the 96-h exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM silicates
KW  - COMPLEX compounds
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - SCANNING electron microscopy
KW  - ELECTRON diffraction
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - Ceramic
KW  - CMAS
KW  - Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
KW  - Environmental barrier coating
N1  - Accession Number: 111565167; Stolzenburg, F. 1 Johnson, M.T. 2 Lee, K.N. 3 Jacobson, N.S. 4 Faber, K.T. 1,2; Email Address: ktfaber@caltech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, United States  2: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, United States  3: Materials Engineering, Rolls-Royce Corporation, Indianapolis, IN 46241, United States  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 284, p44; Subject Term: ALUMINUM silicates; Subject Term: COMPLEX compounds; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: SCANNING electron microscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRON diffraction; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coating; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.08.069
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Appleby, M.P.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Morscher, G.N.
T1  - Mechanical properties and real-time damage evaluations of environmental barrier coated SiC/SiC CMCs subjected to tensile loading under thermal gradients.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2015/12/25/
VL  - 284
M3  - Article
SP  - 318
EP  - 326
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Environmental barrier coating (EBC) coated ceramic matrix composite (CMC) systems are currently being investigated for use as turbine engine hot-section components in extreme environments. In these extreme conditions, it becomes critical to understand material response to environmental exposure and performance under thermo-mechanical loading. Electrical resistance (ER) monitoring has recently been correlated to tensile damage accumulation in SiC/SiC CMCs, and the focus of this study is to extend the use of ER to evaluate high-temperature thermal gradient fracture of EBC/CMC systems. Tensile strength tests were performed at high temperature (1200 °C) using a laser-based heat-flux technique. Specimens included an as-produced SiC/SiC CMC and coated SiC/SiC substrate that have been exposed to simulated combustion environments in a high-pressure burner rig. Localized stress-dependent damage was determined using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and compared to full-field strain mapping using a high-temperature digital image correlation (DIC) technique. The results are compared with in-situ ER monitoring, and post-test inspection of the samples in order to correlate ER response to damage evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - TENSILE strength
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - TURBINES
KW  - ELECTRIC resistance
KW  - DIGITAL image correlation
KW  - Acoustic emission
KW  - Ceramic matrix composite
KW  - Digital image correlation
KW  - Electrical resistance
KW  - Environmental barrier coating
N1  - Accession Number: 111565129; Appleby, M.P. 1,2 Zhu, Dongming 1 Morscher, G.N. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 284, p318; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: TENSILE strength; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: TURBINES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC resistance; Subject Term: DIGITAL image correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital image correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrical resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental barrier coating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.07.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Theis, Mallory L.
AU  - Candian, Alessandra
AU  - Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
T1  - Electronically Excited States of Anisotropically Extended Singly-Deprotonated PAH Anions.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2015/12/31/
VL  - 119
IS  - 52
M3  - Article
SP  - 13048
EP  - 13054
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) play a significant role in the chemistry of the interstellar medium (ISM) as well as in hydrocarbon combustion. These molecules can have high levels of diversity with the inclusion of heteroatoms and the addition or removal of hydrogens to form charged or radical species. There is an abundance of data on the cationic forms of these molecules, but there have been many fewer studies on the anionic species. The present study focuses on the anionic forms of deprotonated PAHs. It has been shown in previous work that PAHs containing nitrogen heteroatoms (PANHs) have the ability to form valence excited states giving anions electronic absorption features. This work analyzes how the isoelectronic pure PAHs behave under similar structural constructions. Singly deprotonated forms of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and tetracene classes are examined. None of the neutral-radicals possess dipole moments large enough to support dipole-bound excited states in their corresponding closed-shell anions. Even though the PANH anion derivatives support valence excited states for three-ringed structures, it is not until four-ringed structures of the pure PAH anion derivatives that valence excited states are exhibited. However, anisotropically extended PAHs larger than tetracene will likely exhibit valence excited states. The relative energies for the anion isomers are very small for all of the systems in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXCITED states
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - PROTON transfer reactions
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ANIONS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - VALENCE (Chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 113249420; Theis, Mallory L. 1,2 Candian, Alessandra 3 Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. 3 Lee, Timothy J. 4 Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1; Email Address: rfortenberry@georgiasouthern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States  2: Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States  3: Leiden Observatory, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333-CA Leiden, The Netherlands  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 119 Issue 52, p13048; Subject Term: EXCITED states; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: PROTON transfer reactions; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ANIONS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: VALENCE (Chemistry); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b10421
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuchs, Elmar C.
AU  - Bitschnau, Brigitte
AU  - Wexler, Adam D.
AU  - Woisetschläger, Jakob
AU  - Freund, Friedemann T.
T1  - A Quasi-Elastic Neutron Scattering Study of the Dynamics of Electrically Constrained Water.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry B
Y1  - 2015/12/31/
VL  - 119
IS  - 52
M3  - Article
SP  - 15892
EP  - 15900
SN  - 15206106
AB  - We have measured the quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS) of an electrohydrodynamic liquid bridge formed between two beakers of pure water when a high voltage is applied, a setup allowing to investigate water under high-voltage without high currents. From this experiment two proton populations were distinguished: one consisting of protons strongly bound to oxygen atoms (immobile population, elastic component) and a second one of quasi-free protons (mobile population, inelastic component) both detected by QENS. The diffusion coefficient of the quasi-free protons was found to be D = (26 ± 10) × 10-5 cm² s-1 with a jump length lav ∼ 3 Å and an average residence time of τ0 = 0.55 ± 0.08 ps. The associated proton mobility in the proton channel of the bridge is ∼9.34 × 10-7 m² V-1 s-1, twice as fast as diffusion-based proton mobility in bulk water. It also matches the so-called electrohydrodynamic or "apparent" charge mobility, an experimental quantity which so far has lacked molecular interpretation. These results further corroborate the proton channel model for liquid water under high voltage and give new insights into the molecular mechanisms behind electrohydrodynamic charge transport phenomena and delocalization of protons in liquid water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry B is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUASIELASTIC neutron scattering
KW  - HIGH voltages
KW  - DELOCALIZATION energy
KW  - OXYGEN atom transfer reactions
KW  - ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 113269147; Fuchs, Elmar C. 1; Email Address: elmar.fuchs@wetsus.nl Bitschnau, Brigitte 2 Wexler, Adam D. 1 Woisetschläger, Jakob 3 Freund, Friedemann T. 4; Affiliation:  1: Wetsus European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Agora 1, 8900 CC Leeuwarden, The Netherlands  2: Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria  3: Institute for Thermal Turbomachinery and Machine Dynamics, Working Group Metrology - Laser Optical Metrology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria  4: NASA Ames Research Center, NASA Program and Projects Division PX, Moffett Field, CA, and Department of Physics, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, United States; Source Info: Dec2015, Vol. 119 Issue 52, p15892; Subject Term: QUASIELASTIC neutron scattering; Subject Term: HIGH voltages; Subject Term: DELOCALIZATION energy; Subject Term: OXYGEN atom transfer reactions; Subject Term: ELECTROHYDRODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b10751
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Halsmer, T.J.
T1  - Static rock splitters based on high temperature shape memory alloys for planetary explorations.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 157
SN  - 00945765
AB  - A static rock splitter device based on high-force, high-temperature shape memory alloys (HTSMAs) was developed for space related applications requiring controlled geologic excavation in planetary bodies such as the moon, Mars, and near-Earth asteroids. The device, hereafter referred to as the shape memory alloy rock splitter (SMARS), consisted of active (expanding) elements made of Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 (at%) that generate extremely large forces in response to thermal input. The pre-shaping (training) of these elements was accomplished using isothermal, isobaric and cyclic training methods, which resulted in active components capable of generating stresses in excess of 1.5 GPa. The corresponding strains (or displacements) were also evaluated and were found to be 2–3%, essential to rock fracturing and/or splitting when placed in a borehole. SMARS performance was evaluated using a testbed consisting of a temperature controller, custom heaters and heater holders, and an enclosure for rock placement and breakage. The SMARS system was evaluated using various rock types including igneous rocks (e.g., basalt, quartz, granite) and sedimentary rocks (e.g., sandstone, limestone). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCK splitters (Machines)
KW  - HEAT resistant materials
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - EXCAVATION
KW  - Blocking force
KW  - Geologic excavation
KW  - NiTiHf
KW  - Rock splitting
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 111322189; Benafan, O. 1; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Noebe, R.D. 1 Halsmer, T.J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Jacobs Technology, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 118, p137; Subject Term: ROCK splitters (Machines); Subject Term: HEAT resistant materials; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: EXCAVATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blocking force; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geologic excavation; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rock splitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.10.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan
AU  - Carpenter, Mark
AU  - Malik, Mujeeb
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
AU  - Streett, Craig
T1  - Control of Crossflow Transition at High Reynolds Numbers Using Discrete Roughness Elements.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 52
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Transition analysis is performed for a swept wing at a Mach number of 0.75 and chord Reynolds number of approximately 1.7×107, with a focus on roughness-based crossflow-transition control at high Reynolds numbers relevant to subsonic flight. The roughness-based transition control involves controlled seeding of suitable, subdominant crossflow modes to weaken the growth of naturally occurring, linearly more unstable instability modes via a nonlinear modification of the mean boundary-layer profiles. Therefore, a synthesis of receptivity, linear and nonlinear growth of crossflow disturbances, and high-frequency secondary instabilities becomes desirable to model this form of control. Because experimental data are currently unavailable for passive crossflow-transition control on high-Reynolds-number configurations, a holistic computational approach is used to assess the feasibility of roughness-based-control methodology. The potential challenges inherent to this control application, as well as the associated difficulties in modeling this form of control in a computational setting, are highlighted. At high Reynolds numbers, a broad spectrum of stationary-crossflow disturbances have large-enough linear amplification to cause transition, and, while it may be possible to control a specific target mode using discrete roughness elements, the nonlinear interaction between the control and target modes may yield strong amplification of the difference mode and, hence, produce an adverse impact on the transition delay using spanwise periodic roughness elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - DISCRETE systems
KW  - SURFACE roughness
KW  - SUBSONIC flow
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
N1  - Accession Number: 113072657; Fei Li 1 Choudhari, Meelan 1 Carpenter, Mark 1 Malik, Mujeeb 1 Chau-Lyan Chang 1 Streett, Craig 1; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Technologist, Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p39; Subject Term: CROSS-flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: DISCRETE systems; Subject Term: SURFACE roughness; Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054067
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113072657&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Watkins, A. Neal
AU  - Leighty, Bradley D.
AU  - Lipford, William E.
AU  - Goodman, Kyle Z.
AU  - Crafton, Jim
AU  - Gregory, James W.
T1  - Measuring Surface Pressures on Rotor Blades Using Pressure-Sensitive Paint.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 206
EP  - 215
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper will present details of a pressure-sensitive paint system for measuring global surface pressures on rotor blades in simulated forward flight at the 14×22 ft subsonic tunnel at the NASA Langley Research Center. The system was designed to use a pulsed laser as an excitation source and pressure-sensitive paint data were collected using the lifetime-based approach. The higher intensity of the laser allowed pressure-sensitive paint images to be acquired using a single laser pulse, resulting in a collection of images that can be used to determine blade pressure at a specific instant in time. This is extremely important in rotorcraft applications because the blades experience dramatically different flowfields depending on their position. In addition, there can be fluctuations on the blade that vary every cycle due to factors such as lead/lag, flapping, and twisting of the blade. These effects generally preclude the use of phase averaging and thus the need for acquiring the data in a single image pair. For this test, the entire upper surface of a blade was painted and imaged. After taking into account temperature effects on the pressure-sensitive paint, the results agree both qualitatively and quantitatively with both expected results as well as with pressure transducers. Several limitations of the technique have been identified and discussion of strategies to overcome them is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE pressure
KW  - PRESSURE -- Measurement
KW  - COMPRESSORS -- Blades
KW  - PRESSURE-sensitive paint
KW  - SUBSONIC flow
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 113072670; Watkins, A. Neal 1,2 Leighty, Bradley D. 1,3 Lipford, William E. 1,3 Goodman, Kyle Z. 2,4 Crafton, Jim 5 Gregory, James W. 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23669  2: Research Scientist, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, Mail Stop 493  3: Research Technician, Advanced Sensing and Optical Measurement Branch, Mail Stop 493  4: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23669  5: Research Scientist, Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45459  6: Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43235; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p206; Subject Term: SURFACE pressure; Subject Term: PRESSURE -- Measurement; Subject Term: COMPRESSORS -- Blades; Subject Term: PRESSURE-sensitive paint; Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054191
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yueping Guo
AU  - Thomas, Russell H.
T1  - Experimental Study on Open Rotor Noise Shielding by Hybrid-Wing-Body Aircraft.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 242
EP  - 253
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper presents an experimental study on open rotor noise shielding by hybrid-wing-body aircraft, with the objective of understanding the noise shielding features and establishing methods of applying the shielding data for system noise studies of hybrid-wing-body aircraft. By studying the directivity patterns of individual tones, it is shown that, although the tonal energy distribution and the spectral content of the wind-tunnel test model (and thus its total noise) may differ from those of more advanced rotor designs, the individual tones follow directivity patterns that characterize far-field radiations of modern open rotors, establishing the validity of the use of this shielding database, provided that the shielding effects are applied on individual tones. To this end, open rotor tonal noise shielding is categorized into front rotor tones, aft rotor tones, and interaction tones: not only because of their different directivities but also due to the differences in their source locations and coherence features, which make their respective shielding characteristics distinctly different from each other. To reveal the parametric trends of the hybrid-wing-body shielding effects, results are presented with variations in frequency, far-field emission angle, rotor operational condition, engine installation, and local airframe features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Noise
KW  - FORCE & energy
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - EXPERIMENTAL design
KW  - WIND tunnels
N1  - Accession Number: 113072673; Yueping Guo 1,2 Thomas, Russell H. 3; Affiliation:  1: The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, California 92647  2: NEAT Consulting, 3830 Daisy Circle, Seal Beach, CA 90740  3: Senior Research Engineer, Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p242; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Noise; Subject Term: FORCE & energy; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: EXPERIMENTAL design; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054243
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113072673&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
AU  - Jutte, Christine V.
AU  - Wieseman, Carol D.
T1  - Trim and Structural Optimization of Subsonic Transport Wings Using Nonconventional Aeroelastic Tailoring.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 309
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Several minimum-mass aeroelastic optimization problems are solved to evaluate the effectiveness of a variety of novel tailoring schemes for subsonic transport wings. Aeroelastic strength and panel buckling constraints are imposed across several trimmed maneuver loads, in addition to flutter constraints. Tailoring with metallic thickness variations, functionally graded materials, composite laminates, tow steering within composite laminates, and distributed trailing-edge control effectors are all found to provide reductions in structural wing mass with varying degrees of success. The question as to whether this wing mass reduction will offset the increased manufacturing cost is left unresolved for each case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRUCTURAL optimization
KW  - SUBSONIC flow
KW  - TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics)
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
N1  - Accession Number: 113072677; Stanford, Bret K. 1 Jutte, Christine V. 2 Wieseman, Carol D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Aerospace Engineer, Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Engineer, Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, Craig Technologies, Inc., Cape Canaveral, Florida 32920; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p293; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL optimization; Subject Term: SUBSONIC flow; Subject Term: TRANSPORT theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054244
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A. E.
T1  - Prediction of Scattered Broadband Shock-Associated Noise.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
EP  - 359
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A mathematical model is developed for the prediction of broadband shock-associated noise in the presence of an airframe body. Model arguments are dependent on the vector Green's function of the linearized Euler equations, steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions, and the two-point cross-correlation of the equivalent source. The equivalent source is dependent on steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solutions of the jet flow that capture the nozzle and airframe geometry. Contours of the time-averaged streamwise velocity component and turbulent kinetic energy are examined with varying airframe position relative to the nozzle exit. Propagation effects are incorporated by approximating the vector Green's function of the linearized Euler equations. This approximation involves the use of ray theory and an assumption that broadband shock-associated noise is relatively unaffected by the refraction of the jet shear layer. A nondimensional parameter is proposed that quantifies the changes of the broadband shock-associated noise source with varying jet operating condition and airframe position. Scattered broadband shock-associated noise possesses a second set of broadband lobes that are due to the effect of scattering. Presented predictions from an overexpanded jet demonstrate relatively good agreement compared to a wide variety of measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - PREDICTION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 113072681; Miller, Steven A. E. 1; Affiliation:  1: Research Aerospace Engineer, Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p343; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054280
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wichman, Indrek S.
AU  - Oison, Sandra L.
AU  - Miller, Fletcher J.
AU  - Hariharan, Ashwin
T1  - Fire in Microgravity.
JO  - American Scientist
JF  - American Scientist
Y1  - 2016/01//Jan/Feb2016
VL  - 104
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 44
EP  - 51
SN  - 00030996
AB  - The article discusses issues related to flames in space of in microgravity regions. It is noted that the study of flame started in 1960s with Richard S. Magee and Robert F. McAlevy doing experiments at Stevens Institute of Technology in Hoboken, New Jersey, on flame spread over propellants for military applications in rockets and missiles and gradually devised flame-to-flamelet phenomenon seen in space experiments.
KW  - FLAME
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - PROPELLANTS
KW  - MAGEE, Richard S.
KW  - MCALEVY, Robert F.
N1  - Accession Number: 111874546; Wichman, Indrek S. 1; Email Address: wichman@egr.msu.edu Oison, Sandra L. 2 Miller, Fletcher J. 3 Hariharan, Ashwin 4; Affiliation:  1: Professor of mechanical engineering, Energy and Automotive Research Laboratories, Michigan State University  2: Spacecraft fire safety scientist, NASA Glenn Research Center, Lewis Field, Cleveland  3: Associate professor of mechanical engineering, San Diego State University  4: Thermal systems engineer, Ford Motor Company, Alim Park, MI; Source Info: Jan/Feb2016, Vol. 104 Issue 1, p44; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: PROPELLANTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; People: MAGEE, Richard S.; People: MCALEVY, Robert F.; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, F. T.
AU  - Mayr, H. G.
AU  - Russell III, J. M.
AU  - Mlynczak, M. G.
T1  - Ozone and temperature decadal responses to solar variability in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED.
JO  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
JF  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 40
SN  - 09927689
AB  - We have derived ozone and temperature responses to solar variability over a solar cycle, from June 2002 through June 2014, 50 to 100 km, 48° S to 48° N, based on data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument on the Thermosphere- Ionosphere-Mesosphere-Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite. Results with this extent of coverage in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere have not been available previously. A multiple regression is applied to obtain responses as a function of the solar 10.7 cm flux (solar flux units, sfu). Positive responses mean that they are larger at solar maximum than at solar minimum of the solar cycle. From ~80 to 100 km, both ozone and temperature responses are positive for all latitudes and are larger than those at lower altitudes. From ~80 to 100 km, ozone responses can exceed 10%(100 sfu)-1, and temperature responses can approach 4 °K. From 50 to ~80 km, the ozone responses at low latitudes (~±35°) are mostly negative and can approach ~negative 3%(100 sfu)-1. However, they are mostly positive at midlatitudes in this region and can approach ~2%(100 sfu)-1. In contrast to ozone, from ~50 to 80 km, the temperature responses at low latitudes remain positive, with values up to ~2.5K(100 sfu)-1, but are weakly negative at midlatitudes. Consequently, there is a systematic and robust relation between the phases of the ozone and temperature responses. They are positively correlated (in phase) from ~80 to 100 km for all latitudes and negatively correlated (out of phase) from ~50 to 80 km, also for all latitudes. The negative correlation from 50 to 80 km is maintained even though the ozone and temperature responses can change signs as a function of altitude and latitude, because the corresponding temperature responses change signs in step with ozone. This is consistent with the idea that dynamics have the larger influence between ~80 and 100 km, while photochemistry is more in control from ~50 to 75 km. The correlation coefficients between the solar 10.7 cm flux and the ozone and temperature themselves from 2012 to 2014 are positive (negative) in regions where the responses are positive (negative). This supports our results since the correlations are independent of the multiple regression used to derive the responses. We also compare with previous results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annales Geophysicae (09927689) is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
KW  - MESOSPHERE
KW  - THERMOSPHERE
KW  - OZONE generators
KW  - MULTIPLE regression analysis
KW  - Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology)
N1  - Accession Number: 112816970; Huang, F. T. 1; Email Address: fthuang@verizon.net Mayr, H. G. 2 Russell III, J. M. 3 Mlynczak, M. G. 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD 21250, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Hampton University, Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton, VA 23668, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p29; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Subject Term: MESOSPHERE; Subject Term: THERMOSPHERE; Subject Term: OZONE generators; Subject Term: MULTIPLE regression analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (climatology); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/angeo-34-29-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Köhler, J.
AU  - Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F.
AU  - Appel, J.
AU  - Ehresmann, B.
AU  - Zeitlin, C.
AU  - Hassler, D. M.
AU  - Reitz, G.
AU  - Brinza, D. E.
AU  - Böttcher, S.
AU  - Böhm, E.
AU  - Burmeister, S.
AU  - Guo, J.
AU  - Harri, A. -M.
AU  - Kahanpää, H.
AU  - Krauss, J.
AU  - Lohf, H.
AU  - Martin, C.
AU  - Matthiä, D.
AU  - Posner, A.
AU  - Rafkin, S.
T1  - Electron/positron measurements obtained with the Mars Science Laboratory Radiation Assessment Detector on the surface of Mars.
JO  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
JF  - Annales Geophysicae (09927689)
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 34
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 141
SN  - 09927689
AB  - The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity, measures the energetic charged and neutral particles and the radiation dose rate on the surface of Mars. Although charged and neutral particle spectra have been investigated in detail, the electron and positron spectra have not been investigated yet. The reason for that is that they are difficult to separate from each other and because of the technical challenges involved in extracting energy spectra from the raw data. We use GEANT4 to model the behavior of the RAD instrument for electron/positron measurements.We compare Planetocosmics predictions for different atmospheric pressures and different modulation parameters Φ with the obtained RAD electron/positron measurements.We find that the RAD electron/positron measurements agree well with the spectra predicted by Planetocosmics. Both RAD measurements and Planetocosmics simulation show a dependence of the electron/ positron fluxes on both atmospheric pressure and solar modulation potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annales Geophysicae (09927689) is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POSITRONS
KW  - ELECTRON beams
KW  - NEUTRAL beams
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - PLANETARY science
KW  - energetic particles
KW  - instruments and techniques)
KW  - Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays
N1  - Accession Number: 112816981; Köhler, J. 1; Email Address: koehler@physik.uni-kiel.de Wimmer-Schweingruber, R. F. 1 Appel, J. 1 Ehresmann, B. 2 Zeitlin, C. 3,4 Hassler, D. M. 2 Reitz, G. 5 Brinza, D. E. 6 Böttcher, S. 1 Böhm, E. 1 Burmeister, S. 1 Guo, J. 1 Harri, A. -M. 7 Kahanpää, H. 7,8 Krauss, J. 1 Lohf, H. 1 Martin, C. 1 Matthiä, D. 5 Posner, A. 9 Rafkin, S. 2; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany  2: Southwest Research Institute, Space Science and Engineering Division, Boulder, CO, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, Earth, Oceans & Space Department, Durham, NH, USA  4: Lockheed Martin Information Systems & Global Solutions, Houston, TX, USA  5: Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  7: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland  8: Aalto University, Espoo, Finland  9: NASA Headquarters, Science Mission Directorate, Washington DC, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 34 Issue 1, p133; Subject Term: POSITRONS; Subject Term: ELECTRON beams; Subject Term: NEUTRAL beams; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: PLANETARY science; Author-Supplied Keyword: energetic particles; Author-Supplied Keyword: instruments and techniques); Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary physics (cosmic rays; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/angeo-34-133-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paoli, Roberto
AU  - Shariff, Karim
T1  - Contrail Modeling and Simulation.
JO  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 48
M3  - Article
SP  - 393
EP  - 427
SN  - 00664189
AB  - There is large uncertainty in the radiative forcing induced by aircraft contrails, particularly after they transform to cirrus. It has recently become possible to simulate contrail evolution for long periods after their formation. We review the main physical processes and simulation efforts in the four phases of contrail evolution, namely the jet, vortex, vortex dissipation, and diffusion phases. Recommendations for further work are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONDENSATION trails
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - cloud formation and dynamics
KW  - large-eddy simulation
KW  - particulate flows
KW  - radiative hydrodynamics
KW  - stratified flow
KW  - two-phase flow
KW  - vortex dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 112192355; Paoli, Roberto 1 Shariff, Karim 2; Affiliation:  1: CERFACS, 31057 Toulouse Cedex 01, France; email:  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; email:; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 48, p393; Subject Term: CONDENSATION trails; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud formation and dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: particulate flows; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative hydrodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratified flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: two-phase flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: vortex dynamics; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-fluid-010814-013619
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas E. Harrison
T1  - DIRECT DETECTION OF THE L-DWARF DONOR IN WZ SAGITTAE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/01//1/1/2016
VL  - 816
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Analysis of a large set of phase-resolved K-band spectra of the cataclysmic variable WZ Sge shows that the secondary star of this system appears to be an L-dwarf. Previous K-band spectra of WZ Sge found that the CO overtone bandheads were in emission. We show that absorption from the 12CO(2,0) bandhead of the donor star creates a dip in the 12CO(2,0) emission feature. Measuring the motion of this feature over the orbital period, we construct a radial velocity curve that gives a velocity amplitude of Kabs = 520 ± 35 km s−1, consistent with the previously published values for this parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - DWARF novae
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - BINARY stars
N1  - Accession Number: 112036646; Thomas E. Harrison 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA  2: Visiting Observer, W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. NOAO Prop. #2004B-0093.; Source Info: 1/1/2016, Vol. 816 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: DWARF novae; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/816/1/4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Trevor J. David
AU  - Lynne A. Hillenbrand
AU  - Ann Marie Cody
AU  - John M. Carpenter
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
T1  - K2 DISCOVERY OF YOUNG ECLIPSING BINARIES IN UPPER SCORPIUS: DIRECT MASS AND RADIUS DETERMINATIONS FOR THE LOWEST MASS STARS AND INITIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ECLIPSING BROWN DWARF BINARY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/01//1/1/2016
VL  - 816
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the discovery of three low-mass double-lined eclipsing binaries in the pre-main sequence Upper Scorpius association, revealed by K2 photometric monitoring of the region over ∼78 days. The orbital periods of all three systems are <5 days. We use the K2 photometry plus multiple Keck/HIRES radial velocities (RVs) and spectroscopic flux ratios to determine fundamental stellar parameters for both the primary and secondary components of each system, along with the orbital parameters. We present tentative evidence that EPIC 203868608 is a hierarchical triple system comprised of an eclipsing pair of ∼25 MJup brown dwarfs with a wide M-type companion. If confirmed, it would constitute only the second double-lined eclipsing brown dwarf binary system discovered to date. The double-lined system EPIC 203710387 is composed of nearly identical M4.5-M5 stars with fundamentally determined masses and radii measured to better than 3% precision (, and , ) from combination of the light curve and RV time series. These stars have the lowest masses of any stellar mass double-lined eclipsing binary to date. Comparing our derived stellar parameters with evolutionary models, we suggest an age of ∼10–11 Myr for this system, in contrast to the canonical age of 3–5 Myr for the association. Finally, EPIC 203476597 is a compact single-lined system with a G8-K0 primary and a likely mid-K secondary whose lines are revealed in spectral ratios. Continued measurement of RVs and spectroscopic flux ratios will better constrain fundamental parameters and should elevate the objects to benchmark status. We also present revised parameters for the double-lined eclipsing binary UScoCTIO 5 (, and , ), which are suggestive of a system age younger than previously reported. We discuss the implications of our results on these ∼0.1–1.5 stars for pre-main-sequence evolutionary models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - DWARF stars
N1  - Accession Number: 112036621; Trevor J. David 1,2; Email Address: tjd@astro.caltech.edu Lynne A. Hillenbrand 1 Ann Marie Cody 3 John M. Carpenter 1 Andrew W. Howard 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Source Info: 1/1/2016, Vol. 816 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/816/1/21
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lopez, David H.
AU  - Rabbani, Michael R.
AU  - Crosbie, Ewan
AU  - Raman, Aishwarya
AU  - Arellano Jr., Avelino F.
AU  - Sorooshian, Armin
T1  - Frequency and Character of Extreme Aerosol Events in the Southwestern United States: A Case Study Analysis in Arizona.
JO  - Atmosphere
JF  - Atmosphere
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 7
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
AB  - This study uses more than a decade's worth of data across Arizona to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution, frequency, and source of extreme aerosol events, defined as when the concentration of a species on a particular day exceeds that of the average plus two standard deviations for that given month. Depending on which of eight sites studied, between 5% and 7% of the total days exhibited an extreme aerosol event due to either extreme levels of PM10, PM2.5, and/or fine soil. Grand Canyon exhibited the most extreme event days (120, i.e., 7% of its total days). Fine soil is the pollutant type that most frequently impacted multiple sites at once at an extreme level. PM10, PM2.5, fine soil, non-Asian dust, and Elemental Carbon extreme events occurred most frequently in August. Nearly all Asian dust extreme events occurred between March and June. Extreme Elemental Carbon events have decreased as a function of time with statistical significance, while other pollutant categories did not show any significant change. Extreme events were most frequent for the various pollutant categories on either Wednesday or Thursday, but there was no statistically significant difference in the number of events on any particular day or on weekends versus weekdays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmosphere is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIR quality -- Research
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - DUST
KW  - ARIZONA -- Economic conditions
KW  - aerosol
KW  - air quality
KW  - Arizona
KW  - Asian dust
KW  - dust
KW  - extreme events
KW  - IMPROVE
N1  - Accession Number: 112503098; Lopez, David H. 1; Email Address: davidlopez3@email.arizona.edu Rabbani, Michael R. 1; Email Address: michaelrabbani@email.arizona.edu Crosbie, Ewan 2,3; Email Address: ewan.c.crosbie@nasa.gov Raman, Aishwarya 4; Email Address: aishwaryaraman@email.arizona.edu Arellano Jr., Avelino F. 4; Email Address: arellano@atmo.arizona.edu Sorooshian, Armin 1,4; Email Address: armin@email.arizona.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA  4: Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 7 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Research; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: ARIZONA -- Economic conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosol; Author-Supplied Keyword: air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arizona; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asian dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: extreme events; Author-Supplied Keyword: IMPROVE; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/atmos7010001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112503098&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weigel, K.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Azam, F.
AU  - Bramstedt, K.
AU  - Damadeo, R.
AU  - Eichmann, K.-U.
AU  - Gebhardt, C.
AU  - Hurst, D.
AU  - Kraemer, M.
AU  - Lossow, S.
AU  - Read, W.
AU  - Spelten, N.
AU  - Stiller, G. P.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
AU  - Weber, M.
AU  - Bovensmann, H.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
T1  - UTLS water vapour from SCIAMACHY limb measurementsV3.01 (2002-2012).
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 158
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) aboard the Envisat satellite provided measurements from August 2002 until April 2012. SCIAMACHY measured the scattered or direct sunlight using different observation geometries. The limb viewing geometry allows the retrieval of water vapour at about 10-25 km height from the near-infrared spectral range (1353-1410 nm). These data cover the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), a region in the atmosphere which is of special interest for a variety of dynamical and chemical processes as well as for the radiative forcing. Here, the latest data version of water vapour (V3.01) from SCIAMACHY limb measurements is presented and validated by comparisons with data sets from other satellite and in situ measurements. Considering retrieval tests and the results of these comparisons, the V3.01 data are reliable from about 11 to 23 km and the best results are found in the middle of the profiles between about 14 and 20 km. Above 20 km in the extra tropics V3.01 is drier than all other data sets. Additionally, for altitudes above about 19 km, the vertical resolution of the retrieved profile is not sufficient to resolve signals with a short vertical structure like the tape recorder. Below 14 km, SCIAMACHY water vapour V3.01 is wetter than most collocated data sets, but the high variability of water vapour in the troposphere complicates the comparison. For 14-20 km height, the expected errors from the retrieval and simulations and the mean differences to collocated data sets are usually smaller than 10% when the resolution of the SCIAMACHY data is taken into account. In general, the temporal changes agree well with collocated data sets except for the Northern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, where larger differences are observed. This indicates a possible drift in V3.01 most probably caused by the incomplete treatment of volcanic aerosols in the retrieval. In all other regions a good temporal stability is shown. In the tropical stratosphere an increase in water vapour is found between 2002 and 2012, which is in agreement with other satellite data sets for overlapping time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor -- Spectra
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - NEAR infrared radiation
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 112951950; Weigel, K. 1; Email Address: weigel@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Rozanov, A. 1 Azam, F. 1 Bramstedt, K. 1 Damadeo, R. 2 Eichmann, K.-U. 1 Gebhardt, C. 1,3 Hurst, D. 4,5 Kraemer, M. 6 Lossow, S. 7 Read, W. 8 Spelten, N. 6 Stiller, G. P. 7 Walker, K. A. 9 Weber, M. 1 Bovensmann, H. 1 Burrows, J. P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Environmental Physics -- IUP, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  3: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. -- DLR, Earth Observation Center, Bremen, Germany  4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA  5: Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA  6: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research -- Stratosphere IEK-7, Jülich, Germany  7: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology -- KIT, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research -- IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  9: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p133; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor -- Spectra; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: NEAR infrared radiation; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-133-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112951950&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weigel, K.
AU  - Rozanov, A.
AU  - Azam, F.
AU  - Bramstedt, K.
AU  - Eichmann, K.-U.
AU  - Weber, M.
AU  - Bovensmann, H.
AU  - Burrows, J. P.
AU  - Gebhardt, C.
AU  - Damadeo, R.
AU  - Hurst, D.
AU  - Kraemer, M.
AU  - Spelten, N.
AU  - Lossow, S.
AU  - Stiller, G. P.
AU  - Read, W.
AU  - Walker, K. A.
T1  - UTLS water vapour from SCIAMACHY limb measurementsV3.01 (2002-2012).
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 158
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) aboard the Envisat satellite provided measurements from August 2002 until April 2012. SCIAMACHY measured the scattered or direct sunlight using different observation geometries. The limb viewing geometry allows the retrieval of water vapour at about 10-25 km height from the near-infrared spectral range (1353-1410 nm). These data cover the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), a region in the atmosphere which is of special interest for a variety of dynamical and chemical processes as well as for the radiative forcing. Here, the latest data version of water vapour (V3.01) from SCIAMACHY limb measurements is presented and validated by comparisons with data sets from other satellite and in situ measurements. Considering retrieval tests and the results of these comparisons, the V3.01 data are reliable from about 11 to 23 km and the best results are found in the middle of the profiles between about 14 and 20 km. Above 20 km in the extra tropics V3.01 is drier than all other data sets. Additionally, for altitudes above about 19 km, the vertical resolution of the retrieved profile is not sufficient to resolve signals with a short vertical structure like the tape recorder. Below 14 km, SCIAMACHY water vapour V3.01 is wetter than most collocated data sets, but the high variability of water vapour in the troposphere complicates the comparison. For 14-20 km height, the expected errors from the retrieval and simulations and the mean differences to collocated data sets are usually smaller than 10 % when the resolution of the SCIAMACHY data is taken into account. In general, the temporal changes agree well with collocated data sets except for the Northern Hemisphere extratropical stratosphere, where larger differences are observed. This indicates a possible drift in V3.01 most probably caused by the incomplete treatment of volcanic aerosols in the retrieval. In all other regions a good temporal stability is shown. In the tropical stratosphere an increase in water vapour is found between 2002 and 2012, which is in agreement with other satellite data sets for overlapping time periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - CARTOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 112975224; Weigel, K. 1 Rozanov, A. 1 Azam, F. 1 Bramstedt, K. 1 Eichmann, K.-U. 1 Weber, M. 1 Bovensmann, H. 1 Burrows, J. P. 1 Gebhardt, C. 1,2 Damadeo, R. 3 Hurst, D. 4,5 Kraemer, M. 6 Spelten, N. 6 Lossow, S. 7 Stiller, G. P. 7 Read, W. 8 Walker, K. A. 9; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Environmental Physics - IUP, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany  2: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. - DLR, Earth Observation Center, Bremen, Germany  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA  5: Global Monitoring Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA  6: Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institute for Energy and Climate Research- Stratosphere IEK-7, Jülich, Germany  7: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology - KIT, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research - IMK, Karlsruhe, Germany  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  9: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p133; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541360 Geophysical Surveying and Mapping Services; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-133-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112975224&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ferguson, Joseph C.
AU  - Panerai, Francesco
AU  - Lachaud, Jean
AU  - Martin, Alexandre
AU  - Bailey, Sean C.C.
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
T1  - Modeling the oxidation of low-density carbon fiber material based on micro-tomography.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 96
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 65
SN  - 00086223
AB  - Oxidation is one of the main decomposition mechanisms of fibrous carbon/phenolic ablators employed in thermal protection systems for planetary entry capsules. The oxidation process is driven by two competing mechanisms: diffusion of reactants within the porous medium, and reaction rates at the surface of the fibers. These mechanisms are characterized by the Thiele number. Given that the Thiele number varies during an atmospheric entry, we aim to understand the effects of the diffusion/reaction processes on the decomposition of a porous carbon material in various regimes. We use a particle method for simulations of the oxidation process at microscale. The movement of oxygen reactants is simulated using a Brownian motion technique, and heterogeneous first-order reactions at the surface are modeled with a sticking probability law. To enable simulations of the fiber decomposition on actual materials, we use digitized computational grids obtained using X-ray micro-tomographic imaging. We present results for the oxidation of the substrate of the material used on the Mars Science Laboratory capsule that landed the Curiosity rover. We find that the depth of the reaction zone for this material is critically dependent on the Thiele number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Biochemistry)
KW  - Carbon fibre
KW  - Micro-tomography
KW  - Oxidation
N1  - Accession Number: 111097882; Ferguson, Joseph C. 1 Panerai, Francesco 1; Email Address: francesco.panerai@uky.edu Lachaud, Jean 2 Martin, Alexandre 1 Bailey, Sean C.C. 1 Mansour, Nagi N. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 151 Ralph G. Anderson Bldg., Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: Silicon Valley Initiatives, University of California Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Park Bldg. 19, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 258-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 96, p57; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Biochemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon fibre; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micro-tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.08.113
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bhattacharjee, Subrata
AU  - Simsek, Aslihan
AU  - Olson, Sandra
AU  - Ferkul, Paul
T1  - The critical flow velocity for radiative extinction in opposed-flow flame spread in a microgravity environment: A comparison of experimental, computational, and theoretical results.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 163
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 477
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The effect of opposing flow on flame spread rate over thin solid fuel is investigated with the help of scaling theory, a comprehensive computational model, and experiments conducted aboard the International Space Station. While spread rate over thin fuels is independent of the opposing flow velocity in the thermal regime, in the microgravity regime, where the opposing flow can be very mild or even completely absent in the absence of buoyancy induced flow, the spread rate is known to decrease as the opposed flow is reduced. Under certain conditions, this can lead to flame extinguishment at a low enough flow velocity. This paper combines scaling arguments with computational results to predict a critical flow velocity for such flame extinction. Results from the recently conducted limited number of space based tests, presented in this paper, seem to confirm the prediction validating the closed-form formula for the critical extinction velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHOKED flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - FLOW velocity
KW  - FLAME
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - SOLID fuel reactors
KW  - Extinction velocity
KW  - Flame spread
KW  - Flammability
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Radiative extinction
KW  - Space station
N1  - Accession Number: 111740568; Bhattacharjee, Subrata 1; Email Address: prof.bhattacharjee@gmail.com Simsek, Aslihan 1 Olson, Sandra 2 Ferkul, Paul 2; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, Ohio, 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 163, p472; Subject Term: CHOKED flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: FLOW velocity; Subject Term: FLAME; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: SOLID fuel reactors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction velocity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flame spread; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flammability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space station; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2015.10.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111740568&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davis, Sean M.
AU  - Rosenlof, Karen H.
AU  - Hassler, Birgit
AU  - Hurst, Dale F.
AU  - Read, William G.
AU  - Vömel, Holger
AU  - Selkirk, Henry
AU  - Fujiwara, Masatomo
AU  - Damadeo, Robert
T1  - The Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database: A long-term database for climate studies.
JO  - Earth System Science Data Discussions
JF  - Earth System Science Data Discussions
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 59
SN  - 18663591
AB  - In this paper, we describe the construction of the Stratospheric Water and Ozone Satellite Homogenized (SWOOSH) database, which includes vertically resolved ozone and water vapor data from limb profiling satellite instruments operating since the 1980's. SWOOSH includes both individual satellite source data as well as a merged data product. A key aspect of the merged product is that the source records are homogenized to account for inter-satellite biases and to minimize artificial jumps in the record. We describe the SWOOSH homogenization process, which involves adjusting the satellite data records to a œreference' satellite using coincident observations during time periods of instrument overlap. The reference satellite is chosen based on the best agreement with independent balloon-based sounding measurements, with the goal of producing a long-term data record that is both homogeneous and accurate. This paper details the choice of reference measurements, homogenization, and gridding process involved in the construction of the combined SWOOSH product, and also presents the ancillary information stored in SWOOSH that can be used in future studies of water vapor and ozone variability. Furthermore, a discussion of uncertainties in the combined SWOOSH record is presented, and examples of the SWOOSH record are provided to illustrate its use for studies of ozone and water vapor variability on interannual to decadal time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Earth System Science Data Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - CLIMATE research
N1  - Accession Number: 117599825; Davis, Sean M. 1,2; Email Address: sean.m.davis@noaa.gov Rosenlof, Karen H. 1; Email Address: Karen.H.Rosenlof@noaa.gov Hassler, Birgit 1,2; Email Address: birgit.hassler@noaa.gov Hurst, Dale F. 1,2; Email Address: dale.hurst@noaa.gov Read, William G. 3; Email Address: william.g.read@jpl.nasa.gov Vömel, Holger 4; Email Address: voemel@ucar.edu Selkirk, Henry 5,6; Email Address: henry.b.selkirk@nasa.gov Fujiwara, Masatomo 7; Email Address: fuji@ees.hokudai.ac.jp Damadeo, Robert 8; Email Address: robert.damadeo@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NOAA Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, CO  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA  4: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD  6: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD  7: Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: CLIMATE research; Number of Pages: 59p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/essd-2016-16
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117599825&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kumar, Naresh
AU  - Linderman, Marc
AU  - Chu, Allen D.
AU  - Buda, Travers
AU  - Tripathi, Sachchidanand
AU  - Foster, Andrew D.
AU  - Dong Liang
T1  - Delhi's Air Pollution.
JO  - Environmental Policy & Law
JF  - Environmental Policy & Law
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 46
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 86
SN  - 0378777X
AB  - The article focuses on the air pollution problem of Delhi, India, including air pollution (re)distribution inside and outside the city and policies enacted by the local government to address the issue. Topics discussed include data used to assess coverage of air pollution in the Indian city, the use of conditional autoregressive modelling to examine the impact of Land-Use and Land-Cover (LULC) types and findings that revealed small changes to LULC.
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - URBANIZATION
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL protection
KW  - ECONOMIC development
KW  - AUTOREGRESSIVE processes
KW  - INDIA
KW  - DELHI
N1  - Accession Number: 113536952; Kumar, Naresh 1 Linderman, Marc 2 Chu, Allen D. 3 Buda, Travers 2 Tripathi, Sachchidanand 4 Foster, Andrew D. 5 Dong Liang 2; Affiliation:  1: Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami, Florida, US  2: University of Iowa, US  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, US  4: Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India  5: Brown University, US; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 46 Issue 1, p77; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: URBANIZATION; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL protection; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; Subject Term: AUTOREGRESSIVE processes; Subject Term: INDIA; Subject Term: DELHI; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Charts, 2 Graphs, 5 Maps; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zwart, Sara R.
AU  - Gregory, Jesse F.
AU  - Zeisel, Steven H.
AU  - Gibson, Charles R.
AU  - Mader, Thomas H.
AU  - Kinchen, Jason M.
AU  - Ueland, Per M.
AU  - Ploutz-Snyder, Robert
AU  - Heer, Martina A.
AU  - Smith, Scott M.
T1  - Genotype, B-vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes.
JO  - FASEB Journal
JF  - FASEB Journal
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 30
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 141
EP  - 148
AB  - Ophthalmic changes have occurred in a subset of astronauts on International Space Station missions. Visual deterioration is considered the greatest human health risk of spaceflight. Affected astronauts exhibit higher concentrations of 1-carbon metabolites (e.g., homocysteine) before flight. We hypothesized that genetic variations in 1-carbon metabolism genes contribute to susceptibility to ophthalmic changes in astronauts. We investigated 5 polymorphisms in the methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) genes and their association with ophthalmic changes after flight in 49 astronauts. The number of G alleles of MTRR 66 and C alleles of SHMT1 1420 both contributed to the odds of visual disturbances. Preflight dehydroepiandrosterone was positively associated with cotton wool spots, and serum testosterone response during flight was associated with refractive change. Block regression showed that B-vitamin status and genetics were significant predictors of many of the ophthalmic outcomes that we observed. In one example, genetics trended toward improving (P = 0.10) and B-vitamin status significantly improved (P < 0.001) the predictive model for refractive change after flight. We document an association between MTRR 66 and SHMT1 1420 polymorphisms and spaceflight-induced vision changes. This line of research could lead to therapeutic options for both space travelers and terrestrial patients.--Zwart, S. R., Gregory, J. F., Zeisel, S. H., Gibson, C. R., Mader, T. H., Kinchen, J. M., Ueland, P. M., Ploutz-Snyder, R., Heer, M. A., Smith, S. M. Genotype, B-vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FASEB Journal is the property of Federation of American Society for Experimental Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EYE -- Physiology
KW  - VITAMIN B complex
KW  - ANDROGENS
KW  - GENOTYPE
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - CYSTATHIONINE beta-synthase
KW  - SERINE hydroxymethyltransferase
KW  - METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE reductase
N1  - Accession Number: 112857649; Zwart, Sara R. 1 Gregory, Jesse F. 2 Zeisel, Steven H. 3 Gibson, Charles R. 4 Mader, Thomas H. 5 Kinchen, Jason M. 6 Ueland, Per M. 7 Ploutz-Snyder, Robert 1 Heer, Martina A. 8 Smith, Scott M. 9; Email Address: scott.m.smith@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA  2: Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA  3: Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA  4: Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA  5: Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA  6: Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA  7: Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway  8: Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany  9: Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 30 Issue 1, p141; Subject Term: EYE -- Physiology; Subject Term: VITAMIN B complex; Subject Term: ANDROGENS; Subject Term: GENOTYPE; Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: CYSTATHIONINE beta-synthase; Subject Term: SERINE hydroxymethyltransferase; Subject Term: METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE reductase; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1096/fj.15-278457
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112857649&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutliff, Daniel L.
AU  - Walker, Bruce E.
T1  - Artificial noise systems for parametric studies of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2016/01//Jan-Mar2016
VL  - 15
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 130
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The study of turbo-machinery aero-acoustics encompasses source generation, duct propagation, and radiation to the far field for the purposes of physical understanding, evaluation, and noise reduction. Further, the acoustics subset can be divided into overall, broadband, or tone emphasis. Ultimately, assessments on full-scale turbofans are required. However, for isolating specific effects, or for costs reasons, it is useful to test models. These models may be scaled versions of turbofan components depending on the physical process of interest. The advantage of using models is the lower cost allows for a wider range of conditions to be studied. Even so, the cost of manufacturing and testing scale model fans in mid-technology readiness level can be limiting. A potentially useful supplement to turbo-machinery aero-acoustics studies is the use of artificial sources to generate acoustic signatures. The advantage is that a wide range of signatures can be quickly and efficiently studied, particularly useful for noise reduction concepts, or validating prediction methodologies that are sensitive to variations in geometry or acoustic signature. A disadvantage is the lack of the ability to study source generation. This trade-off must be considered carefully when deciding on the usefulness of utilizing fan artificial noise sources for the study of turbo-machinery aeroacoustics. This paper presents two test articles that have contributed to turbo-machinery aero-acoustics studies. One is a 48 in. diameter duct (nominally full-scale) generating acoustic signatures in the audible range; the second is a 6 in. diameter duct (nominally scaled) generating acoustic signatures in the ultrasonic range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBOMACHINES
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - AIR ducts
KW  - FRAUNHOFER region (Electromagnetism)
KW  - ACOUSTIC properties
KW  - artificial sources
KW  - duct propagation
KW  - far-field acoustics
KW  - Turbo-machinery aero-acoustics
N1  - Accession Number: 115321475; Sutliff, Daniel L. 1; Email Address: Daniel.L.Sutliff@nasa.gov Walker, Bruce E. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, USA  2: Channel Islands Acoustics, Camarillo, USA; Source Info: Jan-Mar2016, Vol. 15 Issue 1/2, p103; Subject Term: TURBOMACHINES; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: AIR ducts; Subject Term: FRAUNHOFER region (Electromagnetism); Subject Term: ACOUSTIC properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: artificial sources; Author-Supplied Keyword: duct propagation; Author-Supplied Keyword: far-field acoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbo-machinery aero-acoustics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1475472X16630851
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115321475&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strybel, Thomas Z.
AU  - Vu, Kim-Phuong L.
AU  - Chiappe, Dan L.
AU  - Morgan, Corey A.
AU  - Morales, Gregory
AU  - Battiste, Vernol
T1  - Effects of NextGen Concepts of Operation for Separation Assurance and Interval Management on Air Traffic Controller Situation Awareness, Workload, and Performance.
JO  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
JF  - International Journal of Aviation Psychology
Y1  - 2016/01//Jan-Jun2016
VL  - 26
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 10508414
AB  - Objective: Determine how combinations of NextGen-automation concepts for separation assurance and spacing affect air traffic controller (ATCo) situation awareness, workload, and performance. Background: In previous research, situation awareness was not measured with valid and reliable instruments. Previous work also evaluated separation assurance and spacing concepts individually, and did not examine weather. Method: Retired ATCos worked en route and transitional sectors. Four operating concepts for separation assurance and spacing were tested based on whether automation or ATCo was responsible for each function. Standard methods for assessing workload and situation awareness were used; performance measures included safety and efficiency. Results: Workload was lowest when both functions were automated; however, situation awareness depended on operating concept and sector. In the en route sector, the highest levels of situation awareness were found for ATCo-managed separation assurance and automation-managed spacing. In the transitional sector, the highest situation awareness occurred when ATCos performed both functions. The numbers of loss of separation were highest for ATCo-managed separation assurance; sector complexity depended on weather, but only for automation-managed separation assurance. Spacing efficiency was highest for ATCo-managed separation assurance, but more communications were required. Conclusion: In air traffic management, separation assurance and spacing functions interact with each other in determining ATCo workload, situation awareness, and performance, depending on sector characteristics and weather. Therefore, evaluations of NextGen-automation solutions must include multiple concepts of operation, and involve different sectors and environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aviation Psychology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR traffic control
KW  - PERFORMANCE
KW  - AWARENESS
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - MANAGEMENT
KW  - TRANSITION economies
N1  - Accession Number: 119359745; Strybel, Thomas Z. 1 Vu, Kim-Phuong L. 1 Chiappe, Dan L. 1 Morgan, Corey A. 1 Morales, Gregory 1 Battiste, Vernol 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Psychology, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, USA  2: San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA; Source Info: Jan-Jun2016, Vol. 26 Issue 1/2, p1; Subject Term: AIR traffic control; Subject Term: PERFORMANCE; Subject Term: AWARENESS; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: MANAGEMENT; Subject Term: TRANSITION economies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488111 Air Traffic Control; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 3 Black and White Photographs, 4 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10508414.2016.1235363
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119359745&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ordaz, Irian
AU  - Wu Li
T1  - Approximation of Off-Body Sonic-Boom Analysis for Low-Boom Conceptual Design.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 14
EP  - 19
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The conceptual design of a low-boom and low-drag supersonic aircraft remains a challenge despite significant progress in recent years. Inverse design using reversed equivalent area and adjoint methods has been demonstrated to be effective in shaping the ground signature propagated from computational fluid dynamics off-body-pressure distributions. However, there is still a need to reduce the computational cost in the early stages of design to obtain a baseline that is feasible for low-boom shaping, and in the search for a robust low-boom design over the entire sonic-boom footprint. The proposed design method addresses the need to reduce the computational cost for robust low-boom design by using surface-pressure distributions from computational fluid dynamics solutions to shape sonic-boom ground signatures propagated from computational fluid dynamics off-body pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - CONCEPTUAL design
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - ENGINEERING design
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 113855165; Ordaz, Irian 1 Wu Li 1; Affiliation:  1: Aeronautics Systems Analysis Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p14; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: CONCEPTUAL design; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: ENGINEERING design; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033159
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Potsdam, Mark
T1  - Rotor Structural Loads Analysis Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 87
EP  - 105
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Coupled computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics (RCAS/HELIOS and CAMRAD II/HELIOS) analyses are performed, and the calculated rotor structural loads are compared with the flight-test data obtained from the NASA/Army UH-60A Airloads Program. Three challenging level-flight conditions are investigated: 1) high speed with advancing blade negative lift, 2) low speed with blade/wake interaction, and 3) high thrust with dynamic stall. The predicted flap bending and torsion moments, pitch link, and lag damper loads, in general, show reasonably good correlation with the test data. A nonlinear lag damper model is essential for the accurate prediction of root chord bending moment and lag damper load. Both analyses, however, significantly underpredict the chord bending moments, especially the 4/rev4/rev harmonic amplitude. Parametric study shows that blade stiffness variations have only a small influence on the load calculations. However, modal damping in the first flap mode has a significant influence on the flap bending moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
N1  - Accession Number: 113855171; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1 Potsdam, Mark 1; Affiliation:  1: Aviation and Missile Research Development and Engineering Center; Research, Development, and Engineering Command, U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate--AFDD, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p87; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033194
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113855171&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rizzi, Stephen A.
AU  - Stephens, David B.
AU  - Berton, Jeffrey J.
AU  - Van Zante, Dale E.
AU  - Wojno, John P.
AU  - Goerig, Trevor W.
T1  - Auralization of Flyover Noise from Open-Rotor Engines Using Model-Scale Test Data.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 128
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A series of model-scale tests were recently completed using the open-rotor propulsion rig at the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field in an effort to characterize the aeroacoustic performance of several open-rotor-propulsor designs. These included the historical-baseline and second-generation blade sets. Subsequently, the second generation design was assessed to have significant cumulative margins relative to the International Civil Aviation Organization Chapter 4 noise regulations, whilst the historical blade set had a negative margin. However, integrated metrics, like effective perceived-noise level, are not intuitive to the layperson, and likely do not convey the noise benefits over earlier designs, for example, the acoustically unique unducted-fan demonstrator of the 1980s. This paper develops the means of auralizing flyover-noise projections of full scale open-rotor engines using model-scale data in a manner that more readily communicates the noise benefit, and that is consistent with previously published aircraft-system-noise assessments. The effects of thrust level, installation type, and rotor-inflow angle on the generated flyover noise are investigated for the historical-baseline blade set. Finally, the benefits of the modern open-rotor blade design are made apparent through comparison of flyover noise from the second-generation and historical-baseline blade sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VIRTUAL room acoustics
KW  - ROTORS
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - PROPULSION systems
N1  - Accession Number: 113855173; Rizzi, Stephen A. 1 Stephens, David B. 2 Berton, Jeffrey J. 2 Van Zante, Dale E. 2 Wojno, John P. 3 Goerig, Trevor W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: GE Aviation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45215; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p117; Subject Term: VIRTUAL room acoustics; Subject Term: ROTORS; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033223
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113855173&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Masnovi, John
AU  - Duffy, Norman V.
AU  - Fanwick, Philip E.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
T1  - Structural characterization and preliminary decomposition study of four unsymmetrically substituted nickel dithiocarbamate complexes.
JO  - Journal of Coordination Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Coordination Chemistry
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 69
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 102
SN  - 00958972
AB  - Single-crystal X-ray structures of four nickel dithiocarbamate complexes, the homoleptic mixed-organicbis-dithiocarbamates Ni[S2CN(isopropyl)(benzyl)]2, Ni[S2CN(ethyl)(n-butyl)]2, and Ni[S2CN(phenyl)(benzyl)]2, as well as the heteroleptic mixed-ligand complex NiCl[P(phenyl)3][(S2CN(phenyl)(benzyl)], were determined. A slightly distorted square-planar nickel coordination environment was observed for all four complexes. The organic residues adopt conformations to minimize steric interactions. Steric effects also may determine puckering, if any, about the nickel and nitrogen atoms, both of which are planar or nearly so. A trans-influence affects the Ni-S bond distances. Nitrogens interact with the CS2carbons with a bond order near two; the other substituents on nitrogen display transoid conformations. There are no strong intermolecular interactions, consistent with prior observations of the volatility of nickel dithiocarbamate complexes. A preliminary thermolysis study of the homoleptic species results in production of 1 : 1 nickel sulfide phases, indicating the potential utility of these species as “single-source” precursors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coordination Chemistry is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL compounds
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
KW  - SUBSTITUTION reactions
KW  - METAL complexes
KW  - DITHIOCARBAMATES
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - crystal structures
KW  - Nickel dithiocarbamate
KW  - thermogravimetric analysis
KW  - triphenylphosphine
KW  - X-ray diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 112213311; Masnovi, John 1 Duffy, Norman V. 2 Fanwick, Philip E. 3 Hepp, Aloysius F. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, WV, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette,IN, USA  4: Photovoltaics and Electrochemical Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p90; Subject Term: NICKEL compounds; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; Subject Term: SUBSTITUTION reactions; Subject Term: METAL complexes; Subject Term: DITHIOCARBAMATES; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel dithiocarbamate; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermogravimetric analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: triphenylphosphine; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 6 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/00958972.2015.1107904
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112213311&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yih-Kanq Chen
AU  - Gökçen, Tahir
T1  - Evaluation of Finite-Rate Gas/Surface Interaction Models for Carbon-Based Ablator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 53
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 143
EP  - 152
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Two sets of finite-rate gas/surface interaction model between air and the carbon surface are studied. The first set is an engineering model with one-way chemical reactions, and the second set is a more detailed model with two-way chemical reactions. Each of these two proposed models intends to cover the carbon surface ablation conditions including the low-temperature rate-controlled oxidation, the midtemperature diffusion-controlled oxidation, and the high-temperature sublimation. The prediction of carbon surface recession is achieved by coupling a material thermal response code and a Navier-Stokes flow code. The material thermal response code used in this study is the Two-Dimensional Implicit Thermal-Response and Ablation Program, which predicts charring material thermal response and shape change on hypersonic space vehicles. The flow code solves the reacting full Navier-Stokes equations using the data parallel line relaxation method. Recession analyses of stagnation tests conducted in NASA Ames Research Center arc-jet facilities with heat fluxes ranging from 45 to 1100W/cm² are performed and compared with data for model validation. The ablating material used in these arc-jet tests is phenolic impregnated carbon ablator. Computational predictions of surface recession and shape change are in good agreement with measurement for arc-jet conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - CARBON
KW  - GASES
KW  - ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 113892259; Yih-Kanq Chen 1 Gökçen, Tahir 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000  2: ERC, Inc., Moffett Field, California 94035-1000; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 53 Issue 1, p143; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: GASES; Subject Term: ABLATION (Aerothermodynamics); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33377
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113892259&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wissink, Andrew M.
AU  - Potsdam, Mark
AU  - Venkateswaran Sankaran
AU  - Jayanarayanan Sitaraman
AU  - Mavriplis, Dimitri
T1  - A Dual-Mesh Unstructured Adaptive Cartesian Computational Fluid Dynamics Approach for Hover Prediction.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 61
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 012004-1
EP  - 012004-19
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - A dual-mesh overset computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach is employed to predict the aerodynamic performance of hovering rotors. Two different CFD solvers are applied in different parts of the computational domain: a body-fitted unstructured solver near the blade surface to capture complex geometry and viscous boundary layer and a high-order block-structured Cartesian solver away from the blade to capture the wake. The Cartesian solver applies adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to resolve tip vortices. Results are demonstrated for calculations of the Tilt Rotor Aero-acoustics Model (TRAM) isolated rotor. The results show that the dual-mesh scheme is able to compute aerodynamic figure of merit performance to within the experimental error bounds with appropriate mesh resolution. Solution-driven AMR is found to be effective for resolving the vortex wake in an automated manner at significantly less computational cost compared to fixed-grid calculations with the same resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - COMPUTER-aided design -- Software
N1  - Accession Number: 116161439; Wissink, Andrew M. 1; Email Address: andrew.m.wissink.civ@mail.mil Potsdam, Mark 1 Venkateswaran Sankaran 2 Jayanarayanan Sitaraman 3 Mavriplis, Dimitri 3; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Army Aerodynamics Development Directorate (AMRDEC), Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Senior Scientist, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards Air Force Base, CA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 61 Issue 1, p012004-1; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: COMPUTER-aided design -- Software; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541512 Computer Systems Design Services; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.61.012004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Yujun
AU  - Stier, Bertram
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett
AU  - Simon, Jaan-Willem
AU  - Reese, Stefanie
T1  - The effect of fiber misalignment on the homogenized properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites.
JO  - Mechanics of Materials
JF  - Mechanics of Materials
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 92
M3  - Article
SP  - 261
EP  - 274
SN  - 01676636
SN  - 9780077221409
AB  - Unidirectional fiber-reinforced composites have been widely used over the past several decades in industry due to their high specific strength and superior fatigue characteristics. In order to predict their overall mechanical properties, typically, a homogenization procedure is used to relate the constituent properties and the macroscopic behavior, in which the representative one-dimensional material description is generalized to a fully three-dimensional constitutive model. The aim of this study is primarily to understand the influence of fiber misalignment on the effective composite material properties. In order to achieve this, a microsphere based homogenization approach is proposed, in which the passage from microstructural contributions to the macroscopic response is obtained by integration over the surface of a unit microsphere. The result is compared with a micromechanically motivated model and the High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells model. The results illustrate the effects of the fiber misalignment degree in terms of the concentration dependence of the predicted overall properties. From these findings, elastic properties can be obtained for the design of composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Fiber misalignment
KW  - Homogenization
KW  - Microsphere
KW  - Orientation distribution function
KW  - Unidirectional composites
N1  - Accession Number: 111096242; Li, Yujun 1; Email Address: li.yujun@hotmail.com Stier, Bertram 1 Bednarcyk, Brett 2 Simon, Jaan-Willem 1 Reese, Stefanie 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Applied Mechanics, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe Str. 1, D-52074 Aachen, Germany  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 92, p261; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: HOMOGENIZATION (Differential equations); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fiber misalignment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homogenization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microsphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orientation distribution function; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unidirectional composites; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2015.10.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111096242&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Polozov, Alexander G.
AU  - Svensen, Henrik H.
AU  - Planke, Sverre
AU  - Grishina, Svetlana N.
AU  - Fristad, Kirsten E.
AU  - Jerram, Dougal A.
T1  - The basalt pipes of the Tunguska Basin (Siberia, Russia): High temperature processes and volatile degassing into the end-Permian atmosphere.
JO  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
JF  - Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Y1  - 2016/01//Jan2016 Part 1
VL  - 441
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 64
SN  - 00310182
AB  - A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the end-Permian crisis. Many of them explore the link between this catastrophe and the Siberian Traps. We test the hypothesis that eruption of thermogenic gas generated in contact aureoles around igneous sills intruded into evaporite sequences of the Tunguska Basin triggered the crisis. In particular, we test the idea that the aspect that breccia pipes represent conduits for voluminous gas migration from the deep basins to the atmosphere. This contribution sheds new light on the pipe formation based on new field and borehole observations and electron microscopy analyses. Of more than three hundred mapped magnetite-bearing basalt pipes, 43 are classified as diatremes. The diatremes are usually circular or elliptical, with multiple zones of brecciation reaching the surface, sometimes with preserved in-filled crater lakes. The pipe diameter on the surface varies from a few tens of meters for small single diatremes to about a kilometer. The largest crater lake area is 2.7 km 2 . We have conducted a detailed study of the breccias in the Sholokhovsk basalt pipe located within the Nepa potash deposit in the Tunguska Basin, Siberia, Russia (about N 59° and E 107°) and find that the breccias are cemented by carbonate matrix (calcite, dolomite) and halite. Breccia clasts are altered at various temperatures, evidenced by growth of albite and garnet from basaltic glass, and diopside, garnet, magnetite and chlorine-bearing amphibole (up to 1.8% Cl) in altered magmatic clasts. These mineral assemblages suggest high temperature interactions with evaporites within the pipe conduits. The large number of pipes support that degassing of halogen-rich volatiles was a widespread and violent process with implications for the end-Permian crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BASALT
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - DEGASSING of coal
KW  - PERMIAN Period
KW  - TUNGUSKA Basin (Russia)
KW  - Diatreme
KW  - End-Permian crisis
KW  - Flood basalts
KW  - Large igneous province
KW  - Magma–brine interaction
KW  - Tunguska Basin
N1  - Accession Number: 111142835; Polozov, Alexander G. 1,2; Email Address: a.g.polozov@mail.ru Svensen, Henrik H. 2 Planke, Sverre 2,3 Grishina, Svetlana N. 4 Fristad, Kirsten E. 5 Jerram, Dougal A. 2,6,7; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (IGEM RAS), Staromonetnyi side-str. 35, 119017 Moscow, Russia  2: Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), Postbox 1028, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway  3: Volcanic Basin Petroleum Research AS (VBPR), 0349 Oslo, Norway  4: V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (IGM SB RAS), Ac. Koptyuga ave. 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: DougalEARTH LTD, Solihull, B91 3NU, UK  7: Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Source Info: Jan2016 Part 1, Vol. 441, p51; Subject Term: BASALT; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: DEGASSING of coal; Subject Term: PERMIAN Period; Subject Term: TUNGUSKA Basin (Russia); Author-Supplied Keyword: Diatreme; Author-Supplied Keyword: End-Permian crisis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flood basalts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Large igneous province; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magma–brine interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tunguska Basin; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.06.035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111142835&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kitiashvili, Irina
T1  - Nature's Third Cycle.
JO  - Physics Today
JF  - Physics Today
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 69
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 53
EP  - 54
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00319228
KW  - SUNSPOTS
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - CHOUDHURI, Arnab Rai
KW  - NATURE'S Third Cycle: A Story of Sunspots (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 112089467; Kitiashvili, Irina 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA's Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p53; Subject Term: SUNSPOTS; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: NATURE'S Third Cycle: A Story of Sunspots (Book); People: CHOUDHURI, Arnab Rai; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matthew S. Tiscareno
AU  - Mark R. Showalter
AU  - Richard G. French
AU  - Joseph A. Burns
AU  - Jeffrey N. Cuzzi
AU  - Imke de Pater
AU  - Douglas P. Hamilton
AU  - Matthew M. Hedman
AU  - Philip D. Nicholson
AU  - Daniel Tamayo
AU  - Anne J. Verbiscer
AU  - Stefanie N. Milam
AU  - John A. Stansberry
T1  - Observing Planetary Rings and Small Satellites with the James Webb Space Telescope: Science Justification and Observation Requirements.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 128
IS  - 959
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will provide unprecedented opportunities to observe the rings and small satellites in our Solar System, accomplishing three primary objectives: (1) discovering new rings and moons, (2) unprecedented spectroscopy, and (3) time-domain observations. We give details on these science objectives and describe requirements that JWST must fulfill in order to accomplish the science objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY rings
KW  - MICROSPACECRAFT
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120537815; Matthew S. Tiscareno 1,2 Mark R. Showalter 2 Richard G. French 3 Joseph A. Burns 1 Jeffrey N. Cuzzi 4 Imke de Pater 5 Douglas P. Hamilton 6 Matthew M. Hedman 7 Philip D. Nicholson 1 Daniel Tamayo 8 Anne J. Verbiscer 9 Stefanie N. Milam 10 John A. Stansberry 11; Affiliation:  1: Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA  3: Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA  6: University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  7: University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA  8: Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, Toronto, ON, Canada  9: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, CA, USA  10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  11: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 128 Issue 959, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY rings; Subject Term: MICROSPACECRAFT; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537815&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michael S. P. Kelley
AU  - Charles E. Woodward
AU  - Dennis Bodewits
AU  - Tony L. Farnham
AU  - Murthy S. Gudipati
AU  - David E. Harker
AU  - Dean C. Hines
AU  - Matthew M. Knight
AU  - Ludmilla Kolokolova
AU  - Aigen Li
AU  - Imke de Pater
AU  - Silvia Protopapa
AU  - Ray W. Russell
AU  - Michael L. Sitko
AU  - Diane H. Wooden
T1  - Cometary Science with the James Webb Space Telescope.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 128
IS  - 959
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as the largest space-based astronomical observatory with near- and mid-infrared instrumentation, will elucidate many mysterious aspects of comets. We summarize four cometary science themes especially suited for this telescope and its instrumentation: the drivers of cometary activity, comet nucleus heterogeneity, water ice in comae and on surfaces, and activity in faint comets and main belt asteroids. With JWST, we can expect the most distant detections of gas, especially CO2, in what we now consider to be only moderately bright comets. For nearby comets, coma dust properties can be simultaneously studied with their driving gases, measured simultaneously with the same instrument or contemporaneously with another. Studies of water ice and gas in the distant Solar System will help us test our understanding of cometary interiors, and coma evolution. The question of cometary activity in main belt comets will be further explored with the possibility of a direct detection of coma gas. We explore the technical approaches to these science cases and provide simple tools for estimating comet dust and gas brightness. Finally, we consider the effects of the observatory's non-sidereal tracking limits and provide a list of potential comet targets during the first five years of the mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - COMETARY probes
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120537817; Michael S. P. Kelley 1 Charles E. Woodward 2 Dennis Bodewits 1 Tony L. Farnham 1 Murthy S. Gudipati 3,4 David E. Harker 5 Dean C. Hines 6 Matthew M. Knight 7 Ludmilla Kolokolova 1 Aigen Li 8 Imke de Pater 9 Silvia Protopapa 1 Ray W. Russell 10 Michael L. Sitko 11,12 Diane H. Wooden 13; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA  2: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  3: Science Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Mail Stop 183-301, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  5: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA  6: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: Lowell Observatory, 1400 W. Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  10: The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90009, USA  11: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  12: Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  13: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 128 Issue 959, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: COMETARY probes; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/959/018009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537817&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubinstein, Robert
T1  - Self-consistency conditions for elementary Reynolds stress closures.
JO  - Radiation Effects & Defects in Solids: Incorporating Plasma Techniques & Plasma Phenomena
JF  - Radiation Effects & Defects in Solids: Incorporating Plasma Techniques & Plasma Phenomena
Y1  - 2016/01//Jan-Feb2016
VL  - 171
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 21
SN  - 10420150
AB  - This paper summarizes the analytical representation of the correlation tensor in homogeneous anisotropic turbulence and sketches an application to Reynolds stress transport turbulence models. It is shown that the analytical approach can address some of the limitations of conventional modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of Radiation Effects & Defects in Solids: Incorporating Plasma Techniques & Plasma Phenomena is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REYNOLDS stress
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - TENSOR algebra
KW  - FOURIER analysis
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - liquids
KW  - technology
KW  - theory
N1  - Accession Number: 116268127; Rubinstein, Robert 1; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan-Feb2016, Vol. 171 Issue 1/2, p13; Subject Term: REYNOLDS stress; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: TENSOR algebra; Subject Term: FOURIER analysis; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Author-Supplied Keyword: liquids; Author-Supplied Keyword: technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: theory; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10420150.2016.1155584
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mathias, Donovan L.
AU  - Mattenberger, Christopher J.
AU  - Go, Susie
T1  - Engineering Risk Assessment of a dynamic space propulsion system benchmark problem.
JO  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
JF  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 145
M3  - Article
SP  - 316
EP  - 328
SN  - 09518320
AB  - The Engineering Risk Assessment (ERA) team at NASA Ames Research Center develops dynamic models with linked physics-of-failure analyses to produce quantitative risk assessments of space exploration missions. This paper applies the ERA approach to the 2014 Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management conference Space Propulsion System Benchmark Problem, which investigates dynamic system risk for a deep space ion propulsion system over three missions with time-varying thruster requirements and operations schedules. The dynamic missions are simulated using commercial software to generate integrated loss-of-mission (LOM) probability results via Monte Carlo sampling. The simulation model successfully captured all dynamics aspects of the benchmark missions, and convergence studies are presented to illustrate the sensitivity of integrated LOM results to the number of Monte Carlo trials. In addition, to evaluate the relative importance of dynamic modeling, the Ames Reliability Tool (ART) was used to build a series of quasi-dynamic, deterministic models that incorporated varying levels of the problem׳s dynamics. The ART model did a reasonable job of matching the simulation results for the simpler mission case, while auxiliary dynamic models were required to adequately capture risk-driver rankings for the more dynamic cases. This study highlights how state-of-the-art techniques can adapt to a range of dynamic problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Reliability Engineering & System Safety is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RISK assessment
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - PROPULSION systems
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - Dynamic PSA
KW  - PRA
KW  - PSAM space propulsion system benchmark problem
KW  - RISK simulation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 110822911; Mathias, Donovan L. 1; Email Address: Donovan.Mathias@nasa.gov Mattenberger, Christopher J. 2; Email Address: christopher.j.mattenberger@nasa.gov Go, Susie 3; Email Address: susie.go@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 258-5, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Science and Technology Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 258-6, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 258-1, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 145, p316; Subject Term: RISK assessment; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: PROPULSION systems; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamic PSA; Author-Supplied Keyword: PRA; Author-Supplied Keyword: PSAM space propulsion system benchmark problem; Author-Supplied Keyword: RISK simulation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ress.2015.07.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aydinoglu, Arsev U.
AU  - Allard, Suzie
AU  - Mitchell, Chad
T1  - Measuring diversity in disciplinary collaboration in research teams: An ecological perspective.
JO  - Research Evaluation
JF  - Research Evaluation
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 18
EP  - 36
PB  - Oxford University Press / USA
SN  - 09582029
AB  - This study proposes an alternative and complementary method to bibliometric analysis to measure disciplinary diversity in research teams. Shannon's entropy index, which is used in ecology to measure biodiversity in habitats, is adapted to measure disciplinary diversity of a research team (habitats become teams, and biodiversity becomes disciplinary diversity). Data come from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astrobiology Institute, which funded 14 interdisciplinary virtual research teams in 2012. Authors examined not only team rosters but also the project rosters (167 projects for 2012) of each team to calculate disciplinary diversity. Results suggest that the intended diversity is being achieved for some teams. However, for more than half of the teams, disciplinary diversity scores are lower on the project level compared to the overall team level, which suggests that for these teams, the intended diversity is not being achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Research Evaluation is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH teams
KW  - DISCIPLINARY power
KW  - BIODIVERSITY
KW  - LIBRARY administration
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - astrobiology
KW  - cross-disciplinary
KW  - disciplinary diversity
KW  - interdisciplinary
KW  - research teams
KW  - Shannon's entropy index
N1  - Accession Number: 112407296; Aydinoglu, Arsev U. 1,2; Email Address: arsevu@gmail.com Allard, Suzie 3 Mitchell, Chad 3; Affiliation:  1: Middle East Technical University, Research Center for Science and Technology Policies, MM Building Room 320, Ankara 06800, Turkey  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: University of Tennessee, 1345 Circle Park Drive, 453 Communications Building, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p18; Subject Term: RESEARCH teams; Subject Term: DISCIPLINARY power; Subject Term: BIODIVERSITY; Subject Term: LIBRARY administration; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Author-Supplied Keyword: astrobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: cross-disciplinary; Author-Supplied Keyword: disciplinary diversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: interdisciplinary; Author-Supplied Keyword: research teams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shannon's entropy index; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236220 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519120 Libraries and Archives; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519121 Libraries; Number of Pages: 19p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 5 Charts, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/reseval/rvv028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - AKIHIKO ITO
AU  - MOTOKO INATOMI
AU  - HUNTZINGER, DEBORAH N.
AU  - SCHWALM, CHRISTOPHER
AU  - MICHALAK, ANNA M.
AU  - COOK, ROBERT
AU  - KING, ANTHONY W.
AU  - JIAFU MAO
AU  - YAXING WEI
AU  - POST, W. MAC
AU  - WEILE WANG
AU  - ARAIN, M. ALTAF
AU  - SUO HUANG
AU  - HAYES, DANIEL J.
AU  - RICCIUTO, DANIEL M.
AU  - XIAOYING SHI
AU  - MAOYI HUANG
AU  - HUIMIN LEI
AU  - HANQIN TIAN
AU  - CHAOQUN LU
T1  - Decadal trends in the seasonal-cycle amplitude of terrestrial CO2 exchange resulting from the ensemble of terrestrial biosphere models.
JO  - Tellus: Series B
JF  - Tellus: Series B
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 68
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
PB  - Co-Action Publishing
SN  - 02806509
AB  - The seasonal-cycle amplitude (SCA) of the atmosphere-ecosystem carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange rate is a useful metric of the responsiveness of the terrestrial biosphere to environmental variations. It is unclear, however, what underlying mechanisms are responsible for the observed increasing trend of SCA in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Using output data from the Multi-scale Terrestrial Model Intercomparison Project (MsTMIP), we investigated how well the SCA of atmosphere-ecosystem CO2 exchange was simulated with 15 contemporary terrestrial ecosystem models during the period 1901-2010. Also, we made attempt to evaluate the contributions of potential mechanisms such as atmospheric CO2, climate, land-use, and nitrogen deposition, through factorial experiments using different combinations of forcing data. Under contemporary conditions, the simulated global-scale SCA of the cumulative net ecosystem carbon flux of most models was comparable in magnitude with the SCA of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Results from factorial simulation experiments showed that elevated atmospheric CO2 exerted a strong influence on the seasonality amplification. When the model considered not only climate change but also land-use and atmospheric CO2 changes, the majority of the models showed amplification trends of the SCAs of photosynthesis, respiration, and net ecosystem production (+0.19 % to +0.50 % yr-1). In the case of land-use change, it was difficult to separate the contribution of agricultural management to SCA because of inadequacies in both the data and models. The simulated amplification of SCA was approximately consistent with the observational evidence of the SCA in atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Large inter-model differences remained, however, in the simulated global tendencies and spatial patterns of CO2 exchanges. Further studies are required to identify a consistent explanation for the simulated and observed amplification trends, including their underlying mechanisms. Nevertheless, this study implied that monitoring of ecosystem seasonality would provide useful insights concerning ecosystem dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Tellus: Series B is the property of Co-Action Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - atmospheric carbon dioxide
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - climate change
KW  - land-use change
KW  - seasonal cycle
KW  - terrestrial ecosystem
N1  - Accession Number: 116478184; AKIHIKO ITO 1,2; Email Address: itoh@nies.go.jp MOTOKO INATOMI 3 HUNTZINGER, DEBORAH N. 4 SCHWALM, CHRISTOPHER 4,5 MICHALAK, ANNA M. 6 COOK, ROBERT 7 KING, ANTHONY W. 7 JIAFU MAO 7 YAXING WEI 7 POST, W. MAC 7 WEILE WANG 8 ARAIN, M. ALTAF 9 SUO HUANG 9 HAYES, DANIEL J. 7 RICCIUTO, DANIEL M. 7 XIAOYING SHI 7 MAOYI HUANG 10 HUIMIN LEI 11 HANQIN TIAN 12 CHAOQUN LU 13; Affiliation:  1: Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan  2: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan  3: Department of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Japan  4: School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA  5: Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA, USA  6: Carnegie Institute for Science, Stanford, CA, USA  7: Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA  8: Ames Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Moffett Field, CA, USA  9: School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster Centre for Climate Change, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada  10: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA  11: Tsinghua University, Beijing, China  12: International Center for Climate and Global Change Research and School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA  13: Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 68, p1; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: land-use change; Author-Supplied Keyword: seasonal cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial ecosystem; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3402/tellusb.v68.28968
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116478184&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrews, Russell J.
AU  - Quintana, Leonidas M.
T1  - Neurosurgical Care for One – Neurosurgical Care for All: Global Neurosurgical Care Has Global Benefits!
JO  - World Neurosurgery
JF  - World Neurosurgery
Y1  - 2016/01//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 22
EP  - 24
SN  - 18788750
KW  - NEUROSURGERY
KW  - MEDICAL innovations
KW  - BRAIN -- Magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - MEDICAL care costs
KW  - STEREOTACTIC radiosurgery
KW  - DEEP brain stimulation
KW  - Cost effectiveness
KW  - Global
KW  - Innovation
KW  - Neurosurgery
N1  - Accession Number: 112311466; Andrews, Russell J. 1; Email Address: rja@russelljandrews.org Quintana, Leonidas M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Nanotechnology & Smart Systems, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  2: Department of Neurosurgery, Valparaiso University School of Medicine, Valparaiso, Chile; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 85, p22; Subject Term: NEUROSURGERY; Subject Term: MEDICAL innovations; Subject Term: BRAIN -- Magnetic resonance imaging; Subject Term: MEDICAL care costs; Subject Term: STEREOTACTIC radiosurgery; Subject Term: DEEP brain stimulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cost effectiveness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global; Author-Supplied Keyword: Innovation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neurosurgery; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.08.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112311466&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nawo Eguchi
AU  - Kunihiko Kodera
AU  - Funatsu, Beatriz M.
AU  - Hisahiro Takashima
AU  - Rei Ueyama
T1  - Rapid Convective Transport of Tropospheric Air into the Tropical Lower Stratosphere during the 2010 Sudden Stratospheric Warming.
JO  - SOLA
JF  - SOLA
Y1  - 2016/01/02/2016 Special Issue
VL  - 12A
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 17
SN  - 13496476
AB  - A possible transport mechanism from the tropical troposphere to the lower stratosphere (LS) across the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) is through convective overshooting clouds (COV) that inject air with tropospheric characteristics (high carbon monoxide (CO) and low ozone (O3) concentrations) into the LS over a few days. Evidence of such convective intrusions was observed at the end of January 2010, associated with increased convective activity over the southern African continent following the onset of a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in the northern hemisphere, lasting approximately two weeks. The modulation of tropical stratospheric upwelling by SSW appears to have forced stronger and deeper tropical convection, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere tropics. The tropospheric (CO-rich, O3-poor) air injected into the TTL by COV then gradually moved upward via the tropical stratospheric upwelling strengthened by SSW. Meanwhile the O3 decrease started in the middle stratosphere and descended gradually to the TTL, indicating that the effect of stratospheric upwelling reached the TTL. The present results suggest that the direct and indirect (strengthened convective clouds) effects of stratospheric upwelling modulated by SSW can have a large impact on the trace gas fields in the TTL and LS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SOLA is the property of SOLA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - SOUTHERN Hemisphere
N1  - Accession Number: 119368248; Nawo Eguchi 1; Email Address: nawo@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp Kunihiko Kodera 2 Funatsu, Beatriz M. 3 Hisahiro Takashima 4 Rei Ueyama 5; Affiliation:  1: Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan  2: Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan  3: LETG-Rennes COSTEL, CNRS UMR 6554, Université de Rennes 2, Rennes, France  4: Faculty of Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2016 Special Issue, Vol. 12A, p13; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: SOUTHERN Hemisphere; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2151/sola.12A-003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119368248&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krishna, Gokul
AU  - Hosamani, Ravikumar
AU  - Muralidhara, M.
T1  - Bacopa monnieri supplements offset motor and co-morbid behavioral pathology, oxidative impairments and neurotoxicity in an chronic environmental toxin model of Parkinson's disease in mice.
JO  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
JF  - Parkinsonism & Related Disorders
Y1  - 2016/01/03/Jan2016 Supplement 2
VL  - 22
M3  - Article
SP  - e187
EP  - e187
SN  - 13538020
KW  - PARKINSON'S disease
KW  - BACOPA monnieri
KW  - DIETARY supplements
KW  - MOVEMENT disorders
KW  - COMORBIDITY
KW  - BEHAVIOR disorders
KW  - NEUROTOXICOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 112667141; Krishna, Gokul 1 Hosamani, Ravikumar 2 Muralidhara, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India  2: Space Bioscience Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Source Info: Jan2016 Supplement 2, Vol. 22, pe187; Subject Term: PARKINSON'S disease; Subject Term: BACOPA monnieri; Subject Term: DIETARY supplements; Subject Term: MOVEMENT disorders; Subject Term: COMORBIDITY; Subject Term: BEHAVIOR disorders; Subject Term: NEUROTOXICOLOGY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414510 Pharmaceuticals and pharmacy supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 446191 Food (Health) Supplement Stores; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2015.10.478
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112667141&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ghorbani Moghaddam, Masoud
AU  - Achuthan, Ajit
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
AU  - Pineda, Evan J.
T1  - Development of a precipitate size-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive model for two-phase materials and its implementation on a multi-scale computational framework.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2016/01/10/
VL  - 651
M3  - Article
SP  - 893
EP  - 903
SN  - 09215093
AB  - A new method to introduce size-dependence in crystal plasticity constitutive models, recently developed for single-phase polycrystal materials [1] , is extended to two-phase single crystal materials. The precipitate size-dependent crystal plasticity constitutive model is developed by accounting for the resistance to dislocation nucleation and mobility at a material point in the matrix phase near the interface between the precipitate and matrix phases (referred to as precipitate-matrix interface influence region). Following the crystal plasticity constitutive modeling principle, changes in strength and straining-hardening characteristics in the precipitate-matrix interface influence region are captured by introducing a shear flow strain parameter equivalent to the resistance to dislocation nucleation. As a result, for the interface influence region with its thickness and the distribution of the equivalent shear flow strain remaining the same irrespective of the unit-cell size, the precipitate size-dependence is naturally evolved in the constitutive model. A simplified model that considers the precipitate-matrix interface effect on an average sense in the matrix phase is also developed under the general framework. Implementation of this general framework is demonstrated by considering the case of a power-law flow rule and a hyperbolic-secant hardening rule. Accordingly, a characteristic length-scale parameter that defines the effective precipitate size is introduced. Finally, the precipitate size-dependent constitutive model was implemented on a multi-scale computational framework developed by NASA Glenn Research Center. The elastic-plastic behavior of a full-scale Ni-based superalloy disk with variations in the precipitate size along the radius is analyzed as an example problem for the size-dependent multi-scale model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
KW  - PLASTICITY
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - SURFACE hardening
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - Crystal plasticity
KW  - Multi-scale modeling
KW  - Nickel superalloy
KW  - Size-dependent constitutive model
N1  - Accession Number: 111825508; Ghorbani Moghaddam, Masoud 1 Achuthan, Ajit 1; Email Address: aachutha@clarkson.edu Bednarcyk, Brett A. 2 Arnold, Steven M. 2 Pineda, Evan J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13676, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 651, p893; Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; Subject Term: PLASTICITY; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Subject Term: SURFACE hardening; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-scale modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nickel superalloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Size-dependent constitutive model; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2015.11.042
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111825508&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gerhold, Carl H.
AU  - Brown, Martha C.
AU  - Jones, Michael G.
AU  - Howerton, Brian M.
T1  - Analysis of liner performance using the NASA Langley Research Center Curved Duct Test Rig.
JO  - Applied Acoustics
JF  - Applied Acoustics
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 32
SN  - 0003682X
AB  - The NASA Langley Research Center Curved Duct Test Rig (CDTR) is designed to test aircraft engine nacelle liner samples in an environment approximating that of the engine on a scale that approaches the full scale dimensions of the aft bypass duct. The modal content of the sound in the duct can be determined and the modal content of the sound incident on the liner test section can be controlled. The effect of flow speed, up to Mach 0.5 in the test section, can be investigated. The results reported in this paper come from a study to evaluate the effect of duct configuration on the acoustic performance of single degree of freedom (SDOF) perforate-over-honeycomb liners. Variations of duct configuration include: asymmetric (liner on one side and hard wall opposite) and symmetric (liner on both sides) wall treatment; inlet and exhaust orientation, in which the sound propagates either against or with the flow; and straight and curved (outlet is offset from the inlet by one duct width) flow path. The effect that duct configuration has on the overall acoustic performance is quantified. The redistribution of incident mode content is shown, in particular the mode scatter effect that liner symmetry has on symmetric and asymmetric incident mode shapes. The Curved Duct Test Rig is shown to be a valuable tool for the evaluation of acoustic liner concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Acoustics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RESEARCH institutes
KW  - AIR ducts
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences)
KW  - Acoustic modeshape
KW  - Acoustics
KW  - Duct acoustic liner
KW  - Duct noise
KW  - Noise control
KW  - Signal analysis
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 110511398; Gerhold, Carl H. 1; Email Address: carl.h.gerhold@nasa.gov Brown, Martha C. 1 Jones, Michael G. 1 Howerton, Brian M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 102, p19; Subject Term: RESEARCH institutes; Subject Term: AIR ducts; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Subject Term: ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences); Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic modeshape; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Duct acoustic liner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Duct noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Signal analysis; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541720 Research and Development in the Social Sciences and Humanities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apacoust.2015.07.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110511398&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buchard, V.
AU  - da Silva, A.M.
AU  - Randles, C.A.
AU  - Colarco, P.
AU  - Ferrare, R.
AU  - Hair, J.
AU  - Hostetler, C.
AU  - Tackett, J.
AU  - Winker, D.
T1  - Evaluation of the surface PM2.5 in Version 1 of the NASA MERRA Aerosol Reanalysis over the United States.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/01/15/Jan2016 Part A
VL  - 125
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 111
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We use surface fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) measurements collected by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) and the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) networks as independent validation for Version 1 of the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Aerosol Reanalysis (MERRAero) developed by the Global Modeling Assimilation Office (GMAO). MERRAero is based on a version of the GEOS-5 model that is radiatively coupled to the Goddard Chemistry, Aerosol, Radiation, and Transport (GOCART) aerosol module and includes assimilation of bias corrected Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on both Terra and Aqua satellites. By combining the spatial and temporal coverage of GEOS-5 with observational constraints on AOD, MERRAero has the potential to provide improved estimates of PM 2.5 compared to the model alone and with greater coverage than available observations. Importantly, assimilation of AOD data constrains the total column aerosol mass in MERRAero subject to assumptions about optical properties for each of the species represented in GOGART. However, single visible wavelength AOD data does not contain sufficient information content to correct errors in either aerosol vertical placement or composition, critical elements for a proper characterization of surface PM 2.5 . Despite this, we find that the data-assimilation equipped version of GEOS-5 better represents observed PM 2.5 between 2003 and 2012 compared to the same version of the model without AOD assimilation. Compared to measurements from the EPA-AQS network, MERRAero shows better PM 2.5 agreement with the IMPROVE network measurements, which are composed essentially of rural stations. Regardless the data network, MERRAero PM 2.5 are closer to observation values during the summer while larger discrepancies are observed during the winter. Comparing MERRAero to PM 2.5 data collected by the Chemical Speciation Network (CSN) offers greater insight on the species MERRAero predicts well and those for which there are biases relative to the EPA observations. Analysis of this speciated data indicates that the lack of nitrate emissions in MERRAero and an underestimation of carbonaceous emissions in the Western US explains much of the reanalysis bias during the winter. To further understand discrepancies between the reanalysis and observations, we use complimentary data to assess two important aspects of MERRAero that are of relevance to the diagnosis of PM 2.5 , in particular AOD and vertical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - EVALUATION utilization
KW  - STANDARDS
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosols
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - MERRAero
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Particulate mater
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 111638955; Buchard, V. 1,2; Email Address: virginie.buchard@nasa.gov da Silva, A.M. 1 Randles, C.A. 1,3 Colarco, P. 1 Ferrare, R. 4 Hair, J. 4 Hostetler, C. 4 Tackett, J. 4,5 Winker, D. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  2: GESTAR/Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA  3: GESTAR/Morgan State University, Baltimore, MD, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  5: SSAI, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2016 Part A, Vol. 125, p100; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: EVALUATION utilization; Subject Term: STANDARDS; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: MERRAero; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate mater; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111638955&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boggs, Ashley S.P.
AU  - Hamlin, Heather J.
AU  - Nifong, James C.
AU  - Kassim, Brittany L.
AU  - Lowers, Russell H.
AU  - Galligan, Thomas M.
AU  - Long, Stephen E.
AU  - Jr.Guillette, Louis J.
T1  - Urinary iodine and stable isotope analysis to examine habitat influences on thyroid hormones among coastal dwelling American alligators.
JO  - General & Comparative Endocrinology
JF  - General & Comparative Endocrinology
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 226
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 13
SN  - 00166480
AB  - The American alligator, generally a freshwater species, is known to forage in marine environments despite the lack of a salt secreting gland found in other crocodylids. Estuarine and marine foraging could lead to increased dietary uptake of iodine, a nutrient necessary for the production of thyroid hormones. To explore the influence of dietary iodine on thyroid hormone health of coastal dwelling alligators, we described the seasonal plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay and urinary iodine (UI) concentrations measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. We also analyzed long-term dietary patterns through stable isotope analysis of scute tissue. Snout-to-vent length (SVL) was a significant factor among UI and stable isotope analyses. Large adult males greater than 135 cm SVL had the highest UI concentrations but did not display seasonality of thyroid hormones. Alligators under 135 SVL exhibited seasonality in thyroid hormones and a positive relationship between UI and triiodothyronine concentrations. Isotopic signatures provided supporting evidence that large males predominantly feed on marine/estuarine prey whereas females showed reliance on freshwater/terrestrial prey supplemented by marine/estuarine prey. UI measurement provided immediate information that correlated to thyroid hormone concentrations whereas stable isotope analysis described long-term dietary patterns. Both techniques demonstrate that adult alligators in coastal environments are utilizing estuarine/marine habitats, which could alter thyroid hormone physiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of General & Comparative Endocrinology is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STABLE isotope analysis
KW  - IODINE
KW  - THYROID hormones
KW  - AMERICAN alligator
KW  - PHYSIOLOGY
KW  - FORAGING behavior (Animals)
KW  - SALT gland
KW  - American alligator
KW  - Stable isotope analysis
KW  - Thyroid hormone
KW  - Thyroxine
KW  - Triiodothyronine
KW  - Urinary iodine
N1  - Accession Number: 112849989; Boggs, Ashley S.P. 1,2; Email Address: ashley.boggs@nist.gov Hamlin, Heather J. 3 Nifong, James C. 4 Kassim, Brittany L. 1,2 Lowers, Russell H. 5 Galligan, Thomas M. 2,6 Long, Stephen E. 1,2 Jr.Guillette, Louis J. 2,6; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Environmental Chemical Sciences, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA  2: Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA  3: University of Maine, School of Marine Sciences, 316 Murray Hall Orono, ME 04469, USA  4: University of Florida, Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, NW 71st Street, Gainsville, FL 32653, USA  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, InoMedic Health Applications Inc., SR 405, Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, USA  6: Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 331 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412, USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 226, p5; Subject Term: STABLE isotope analysis; Subject Term: IODINE; Subject Term: THYROID hormones; Subject Term: AMERICAN alligator; Subject Term: PHYSIOLOGY; Subject Term: FORAGING behavior (Animals); Subject Term: SALT gland; Author-Supplied Keyword: American alligator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stable isotope analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thyroid hormone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thyroxine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Triiodothyronine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urinary iodine; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112849989&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Casey A.
AU  - Moores, John E.
AU  - Lemmon, Mark T.
AU  - Rafkin, Scot C.R.
AU  - Francis, Raymond
AU  - Pla-García, Jorge
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Zorzano, María-Paz
AU  - Martín-Torres, F. Javier
AU  - Burton, John R.
T1  - A full martian year of line-of-sight extinction within Gale Crater, Mars as acquired by the MSL Navcam through sol 900.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 264
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 108
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We report on line-of-sight extinction in northern Gale Crater, Mars as seen by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, Curiosity from sol 100 to sol 900; a little more than an entire martian year. Navcam images oriented due north, which show the distant crater rim, the near ground and the sky allow the extinction due to dust within the crater to be determined. This line-of sight extinction is compared to a complementary dataset of column extinctions derived from Mastcam. The line-of-sight extinction within the crater is less than the column extinction for the majority of the martian year. This implies that the relatively low mixing ratio of dust within the crater as compared to the atmosphere above the crater rim persists through most of the year. This suggests relatively little mixing between the atmosphere above the crater and the atmosphere inside the crater and suggests that northern Gale Crater is a net sink of dust in the current era. The data does however show a yearly convergence of the line-of-sight extinction and the column-averaged extinction around L s = 270–290°. This suggests that air above the crater mixes with air in the crater at this time, as predicted by mesoscale models. Matching line-of-sight and column extinction values are also seen around L s ≈ 135°, a season that has only been observed once in this dataset, this is particularly interesting as the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station onboard Curiosity reports increased convective boundary layer heights in the same season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Research
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - Atmosphere, dynamics
KW  - Atmosphere, structure
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 110855072; Moore, Casey A. 1; Email Address: camoore@yorku.ca Moores, John E. 1 Lemmon, Mark T. 2 Rafkin, Scot C.R. 3 Francis, Raymond 4,5 Pla-García, Jorge 6 Haberle, Robert M. 7 Zorzano, María-Paz 6,8 Martín-Torres, F. Javier 8,9 Burton, John R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Research in Earth and Space Sciences, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada  2: Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States  3: Southwest Research Institute Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  4: Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  6: Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain  7: Ames Research Center, Naval Air Station, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, United States  8: Division of Space Technology, Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Kiruna, Sweden  9: Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Granada, Spain; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 264, p102; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere, dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere, structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, atmosphere; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541620 Environmental Consulting Services; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.09.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110855072&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Walsh, Brian M.
AU  - Lee, Hyung R.
AU  - Barnes, Norman P.
T1  - Mid infrared lasers for remote sensing applications.
JO  - Journal of Luminescence
JF  - Journal of Luminescence
Y1  - 2016/01/15/Jan2016 Part B
VL  - 169
M3  - Article
SP  - 400
EP  - 405
SN  - 00222313
AB  - To accurately measure the concentrations of atmospheric gasses, especially the gasses with low concentrations, strong absorption features must be accessed. Each molecular species or constituent has characteristic mid-infrared absorption features by which either column content or range resolved concentrations can be measured. Because of these characteristic absorption features the mid infrared spectral region is known as the fingerprint region. However, as noted by the Decadal Survey, mid-infrared solid-state lasers needed for DIAL systems are not available. The primary reason is associated with short upper laser level lifetimes of mid infrared transitions. Energy gaps between the energy levels that produce mid-infrared laser transitions are small, promoting rapid nonradiative quenching. Nonradiative quenching is a multiphonon process, the more phonons needed, the smaller the effect. More low energy phonons are required to span an energy gap than high energy phonons. Thus, low energy phonon materials have less nonradiative quenching compared to high energy phonon materials. Common laser materials, such as oxides like YAG, are high phonon energy materials, while fluorides, chlorides and bromides are low phonon materials. Work at NASA Langley is focused on a systematic search for novel lanthanide-doped mid-infrared solid-state lasers using both quantum mechanical models (theoretical) and spectroscopy (experimental) techniques. Only the best candidates are chosen for laser studies. The capabilities of modeling materials, experimental challenges, material properties, spectroscopy, and prospects for lanthanide-doped mid-infrared solid-state laser devices will be presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Luminescence is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED lasers
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - GASES -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - MOLECULAR spectra
KW  - SOLID-state lasers
KW  - Atmospheric remote sensing
KW  - Lanthanide-doped materials
KW  - Low phonon materials
KW  - Mid-infrared lasers
N1  - Accession Number: 111168383; Walsh, Brian M. 1; Email Address: brian.m.walsh@nasa.gov Lee, Hyung R. 2 Barnes, Norman P. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jan2016 Part B, Vol. 169, p400; Subject Term: INFRARED lasers; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: GASES -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectra; Subject Term: SOLID-state lasers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lanthanide-doped materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low phonon materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mid-infrared lasers; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jlumin.2015.03.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111168383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Coughlin, D.
AU  - Casalena, L.
AU  - Yang, F.
AU  - Noebe, R.
AU  - Mills, M.
T1  - Microstructure-property relationships in a high-strength 51Ni-29Ti-20Hf shape memory alloy.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 51
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 766
EP  - 778
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - NiTiHf alloys exhibit remarkable shape memory and pseudoelastic properties that are of fundamental interest to a growing number of industries. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal compression tests have revealed that the 51Ni-29Ti-20Hf alloy has useful shape memory properties that include a wide range of transformation temperatures as well as highly stable pseudoelastic behavior. These properties are governed by short-term aging conditions, which may be tailored to control transformation temperatures while giving rise to exceptionally high austenite yield strengths which aid transformation stability. The yield strength of the austenite phase can reach 2.1 GPa by aging for 3 h at 500 °C, while aging for 3 h at 700 °C produced an alloy with an austenite finish temperature ( A) of 146 °C. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy has revealed a new precipitate phase, H′-phase, under the homogenized and extruded conditions and under the 500 °C-3-h-aged condition, but only the previously identified H-phase precipitate was observed after aging at temperatures of 600 and 700 °C for 3 h. Finally, dislocation analysis indicated that plastic deformation of the austenite phase occurred by 〈100〉 type slip, similar to that observed in binary NiTi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - STRENGTH of materials
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry
KW  - MATERIALS -- Compression testing
N1  - Accession Number: 110953092; Coughlin, D. 1; Email Address: coughlin@lanl.gov Casalena, L. 2 Yang, F. 2 Noebe, R. 3 Mills, M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Materials Science and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, MS G770 Los Alamos 47545 USA  2: Department of Material Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, 2041 College Rd, 477 Watts Columbus 43210 USA  3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd. Cleveland 44109 USA; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 51 Issue 2, p766; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: STRENGTH of materials; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Compression testing; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 8 Black and White Photographs, 2 Charts, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-015-9400-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=110953092&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Colaprete, A.
AU  - Sarantos, M.
AU  - Wooden, D. H.
AU  - Stubbs, T. J.
AU  - Cook, A. M.
AU  - Shirley, M.
T1  - How surface composition and meteoroid impacts mediate sodium and potassium in the lunar exosphere.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6270
M3  - Article
SP  - 249
EP  - 252
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Despite being trace constituents of the lunar exosphere, sodium and potassium are the most readily observed species due to their bright line emission. Measurements of these species by the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVS) on the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) have revealed unambiguous temporal and spatial variations indicative of a strong role for meteoroid bombardment and surface composition in determining the composition and local time dependence of the Moon's exosphere. Observations show distinct lunar day (monthly) cycles for both species as well as an annual cycle for sodium. The first continuous measurements for potassium show a more repeatable variation across lunations and an enhancement over KREEP (Potassium Rare Earth Elements and Phosphorus) surface regions, revealing a strong dependence on surface composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SURFACE composition (Planetology)
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - EXOSPHERE
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - SPATIAL variation
N1  - Accession Number: 112343842; Colaprete, A. 1 Sarantos, M. 2,3 Wooden, D. H. 1 Stubbs, T. J. 4 Cook, A. M. 1,5 Shirley, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA, USA  2: Heliophysics Science Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA  4: Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: Millennium Engineering and Integration Services, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 1/15/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6270, p249; Subject Term: SURFACE composition (Planetology); Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: EXOSPHERE; Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: SPATIAL variation; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad2380
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
AU  - Harder, Bryan J.
AU  - Garg, Anita
T1  - Oxidative durability of TBCs on Ti2AlC MAX phase substrates.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2016/01/15/
VL  - 285
M3  - Article
SP  - 77
EP  - 86
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Air plasma spray (APS) and plasma-spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBC), ~ 80–100 μm thick, were produced on a commercial Ti 2 AlC MAX phase compound. They were oxidized in interrupted furnace tests for 500 h each, at five successive temperatures from 1100°–1300 °C. The APS coating survived 2400 accumulated hours, failing catastrophically after 500 h at 1300 °C. Porosity, large cracks, sintering, and high monoclinic YSZ phase contents were seen as primary degradation factors. The PS-PVD coating remained completely intact over 2500 total hours (65 cycles) including 500 h at 1300 °C, exhibiting only fine porosity and microcracking, with less monoclinic. These Ti 2 AlC systems achieved a minimum α-Al 2 O 3 scale thickness of 29 and 35 μm, respectively, as compared to ~ 6 ± 2 μm on average at failure for conventional bond coats on superalloys. Accordingly, times predicted from thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of oxidation kinetics project an improvement factor of ~ 25–50 × for the time to achieve these scale thicknesses at a given temperature. Extreme oxidative TBC durability is achieved because the thermal expansion coefficient of Ti 2 AlC is only slightly different than those for α-Al 2 O 3 and YSZ. The strain energy term driving scale and TBC failure is therefore believed to be fundamentally diminished from the large compressive stress produced by higher expansion superalloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DURABILITY
KW  - CONDENSED matter -- Mechanical properties
KW  - PLASMA spraying
KW  - METAL coating
KW  - PLASMA jets
KW  - Alumna scales
KW  - MAX phases
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Spallation
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
N1  - Accession Number: 111877754; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: James.L.Smialek@nasa.gov Harder, Bryan J. 1 Garg, Anita 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jan2016, Vol. 285, p77; Subject Term: DURABILITY; Subject Term: CONDENSED matter -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: PLASMA spraying; Subject Term: METAL coating; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alumna scales; Author-Supplied Keyword: MAX phases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spallation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332812 Metal Coating, Engraving (except Jewelry and Silverware), and Allied Services to Manufacturers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2015.11.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111877754&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eric Gaidos
AU  - Andrew W. Mann
AU  - Megan Ansdell
T1  - THE ENIGMATIC AND EPHEMERAL M DWARF SYSTEM KOI 6705: CHESHIRE CAT OR WILD GOOSE?
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/01/20/
VL  - 817
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We confirm a 0.995 day periodic planetary transit-like signal, KOI 6705.01, in the Kepler light curve of the star KIC 6423922. Optical and infrared spectra show that this star is a mid M-type dwarf with an effective temperature K, metallicity [Fe/H] = −0.08 ± 0.10, radius R⊙, and mass = 0.28 ± 0.05M⊙. The star is pc away and its space motion, rotation period, and lack of Hα emission indicate it is an older member of the “thin disk” population. On the other hand, the star exhibits excess infrared emission suggesting a dust disk more typical of a very young star. If the KOI 6705.01 signal is produced by a planet, the transit depth of 60 ppm means its radius is only R⊕, or about the size of the Moon. However, the duration ( hr) and time variation of KOI 6705.01 are anomalous: the signal was undetected in the first two years of the mission and increased through the latter two years. These characteristics require implausible orbits and material properties for any planet and rule out such an explanation, although a dust cloud is possible. We excluded several false positive scenarios including background stars, scattered light from stars that are nearby on the sky, and electronic cross-talk between detector readout channels. We find the most likely explanation to be that KOI 6705.01 is a false positive created by charge transfer inefficiency in a detector column on which KIC 6423922 and a 1.99 day eclipsing binary both happened to fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - LOW mass stars
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STELLAR photometry
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 112439139; Eric Gaidos 1,2,3,4; Email Address: gaidos@hawaii.edu Andrew W. Mann 2,5,6 Megan Ansdell 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  3: Visiting Scientist, Observatoire de Sauverny, Universite de Genève.  4: Visiting Scientist, Center for Astrophysics, Harvard University.  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  6: Harlan J. Smith Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin.  7: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Source Info: 1/20/2016, Vol. 817 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: LOW mass stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STELLAR photometry; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/50
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112439139&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshua Krissansen-Totton
AU  - Edward W. Schwieterman
AU  - Benjamin Charnay
AU  - Giada Arney
AU  - Tyler D. Robinson
AU  - Victoria Meadows
AU  - David C. Catling
T1  - IS THE PALE BLUE DOT UNIQUE? OPTIMIZED PHOTOMETRIC BANDS FOR IDENTIFYING EARTH-LIKE EXOPLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/01/20/
VL  - 817
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The next generation of ground- and space-based telescopes will image habitable planets around nearby stars. A growing literature describes how to characterize such planets with spectroscopy, but less consideration has been given to the usefulness of planet colors. Here, we investigate whether potentially Earth-like exoplanets could be identified using UV-visible-to-NIR wavelength broadband photometry (350–1000 nm). Specifically, we calculate optimal photometric bins for identifying an exo-Earth and distinguishing it from uninhabitable planets including both Solar System objects and model exoplanets. The color of some hypothetical exoplanets—particularly icy terrestrial worlds with thick atmospheres—is similar to Earth's because of Rayleigh scattering in the blue region of the spectrum. Nevertheless, subtle features in Earth's reflectance spectrum appear to be unique. In particular, Earth's reflectance spectrum has a “U-shape” unlike all our hypothetical, uninhabitable planets. This shape is partly biogenic because -rich, oxidizing air is transparent to sunlight, allowing prominent Rayleigh scattering, while ozone absorbs visible light, creating the bottom of the “U.” Whether such uniqueness has practical utility depends on observational noise. If observations are photon limited or dominated by astrophysical sources (zodiacal light or imperfect starlight suppression), then the use of broadband visible wavelength photometry to identify Earth twins has little practical advantage over obtaining detailed spectra. However, if observations are dominated by dark current, then optimized photometry could greatly assist preliminary characterization. We also calculate the optimal photometric bins for identifying extrasolar Archean Earths, and find that the Archean Earth is more difficult to unambiguously identify than a modern Earth twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HABITABLE planets
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - NEARBY stars
KW  - RAYLEIGH scattering
KW  - DARK currents (Electric)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
N1  - Accession Number: 112439094; Joshua Krissansen-Totton 1,2,3; Email Address: joshkt@uw.edu Edward W. Schwieterman 2,3,4 Benjamin Charnay 2,3,4 Giada Arney 2,3,4 Tyler D. Robinson 2,5 Victoria Meadows 2,3,4 David C. Catling 1,2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA  2: NASA Astrobiology Institute Virtual Planetary Laboratory (VPL), Seattle, WA 98115, USA  3: Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, USA  4: Astronomy Department, University of Washington, Seattle, 98115, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 1/20/2016, Vol. 817 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HABITABLE planets; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: NEARBY stars; Subject Term: RAYLEIGH scattering; Subject Term: DARK currents (Electric); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/31
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112439094&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ravi Sankrit
AU  - John C. Raymond
AU  - William P. Blair
AU  - Knox S. Long
AU  - Brian J. Williams
AU  - Kazimierz J. Borkowski
AU  - Daniel J. Patnaude
AU  - Stephen P. Reynolds
T1  - SECOND EPOCH HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF KEPLER’S SUPERNOVA REMNANT: THE PROPER MOTIONS OF BALMER FILAMENTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/01/20/
VL  - 817
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report on the proper motions of Balmer-dominated filaments in Kepler’s supernova remnant using high resolution images obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope at two epochs separated by about 10 years. We use the improved proper motion measurements and revised values of shock velocities to derive a distance to Kepler of kpc. The main shock around the northern rim of the remnant has a typical speed of 1690 km s−1 and is encountering material with densities of about 8 cm−3. We find evidence for the variation of shock properties over small spatial scales, including differences in the driving pressures as the shock wraps around a curved cloud surface. We find that the Balmer filaments ahead of the ejecta knot on the northwest boundary of the remnant are becoming fainter and more diffuse. We also find that the Balmer filaments associated with circumstellar material in the interior regions of the remnant are due to shocks with significantly lower velocities and that the brightness variations among these filaments trace the density distribution of the material, which may have a disk-like geometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - COSMIC abundances
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 112439145; Ravi Sankrit 1 John C. Raymond 2 William P. Blair 3 Knox S. Long 4 Brian J. Williams 5 Kazimierz J. Borkowski 6 Daniel J. Patnaude 2 Stephen P. Reynolds 6; Affiliation:  1: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S N211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, USA  3: Johns Hopkins University, USA  4: Space Telescope Science Institute, USA  5: CRESST/USRA and X-ray Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA GSFC, USA  6: North Carolina State University, USA; Source Info: 1/20/2016, Vol. 817 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: COSMIC abundances; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/36
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112439145&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas P. Greene
AU  - Michael R. Line
AU  - Cezar Montero
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - Jacob Lustig-Yaeger
AU  - Kyle Luther
T1  - CHARACTERIZING TRANSITING EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERES WITH JWST.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/01/20/
VL  - 817
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We explore how well spectra from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will likely constrain bulk atmospheric properties of transiting exoplanets. We start by modeling the atmospheres of archetypal hot Jupiter, warm Neptune, warm sub-Neptune, and cool super-Earth planets with atmospheres that are clear, cloudy, or of high mean molecular weight (HMMW). Next we simulate the λ = 1–11 μm transmission and emission spectra of these systems for several JWST instrument modes for single-transit or single-eclipse events. We then perform retrievals to determine how well temperatures and molecular mixing ratios (CH4, CO, CO2, H2O, NH3) can be constrained. We find that λ = 1–2.5 μm transmission spectra will often constrain the major molecular constituents of clear solar-composition atmospheres well. Cloudy or HMMW atmospheres will often require full 1–11 μm spectra for good constraints, and emission data may be more useful in cases of sufficiently high Fp and high Fp/F*. Strong temperature inversions in the solar-composition hot-Jupiter atmosphere should be detectable with 1–2.5+ μm emission spectra, and 1–5+ μm emission spectra will constrain the temperature–pressure profiles of warm planets. Transmission spectra over 1–5+ μm will constrain [Fe/H] values to better than 0.5 dex for the clear atmospheres of the hot and warm planets studied. Carbon-to-oxygen ratios can be constrained to better than a factor of 2 in some systems. We expect that these results will provide useful predictions of the scientific value of single-event JWST spectra until its on-orbit performance is known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 112439155; Thomas P. Greene 1; Email Address: tom.greene@nasa.gov Michael R. Line 2,3,4,5,6 Cezar Montero 2 Jonathan J. Fortney 2 Jacob Lustig-Yaeger 7 Kyle Luther 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, M.S. 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA.  5: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA.  6: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.  7: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  8: Department of Physics, University of California, 366 LeConte Hall MC 7300, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; Source Info: 1/20/2016, Vol. 817 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/817/1/17
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramsay, Gavin
AU  - Hakala, Pasi
AU  - Wood, Matt A.
AU  - Howell, Steve B.
AU  - Smale, Alan
AU  - Still, Martin
AU  - Barclay, Thomas
T1  - Continuous 'stunted' outbursts detected from the cataclysmic variable KIC 9202990 using Kepler data.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/01/21/
VL  - 455
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2772
EP  - 2777
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Based on early Kepler data, Østensen et al. found that KIC 9202990 showed a 4-h and a two-week photometric period. They suggested the 4-h period was a signature of an orbital period; the longer period was possibly due to precession of an accretion disc and KIC 9202990 was a cataclysmic variable with an accretion disc which is always in a bright state (a nova-like system). Using the full Kepler data set on KIC 9202990 which covers 1421 d (Quarter 2-17), and includes 1-min cadence data from the whole of Quarters 5 and 16, we find that the 4-h period is stable and therefore a signature of the binary orbital period. In contrast, the 10-12 d period is not stable and shows an amplitude between 20 and 50 per cent. This longer period modulation is similar to those nova-like systems which show 'stunted' outbursts.We discuss the problems that a precessing disc model has in explaining the observed characteristics and indicate why we favour a stunted outburst model. Although such stunted events are considered to be related to the standard disc instability mechanism, their origin is not well understood. KIC 9202990 shows the lowest amplitude and shortest period of continuous stunted outburst systems, making it an ideal target to better understand stunted outbursts and accretion instabilities in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL fluid dynamics
KW  - accretion
KW  - accretion discs
KW  - cataclysmic variables
KW  - instabilities
KW  - novae
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 9202990
N1  - Accession Number: 111552859; Ramsay, Gavin 1; Email Address: gar@arm.ac.uk Hakala, Pasi 2 Wood, Matt A. 3 Howell, Steve B. 4 Smale, Alan 5 Still, Martin 4,6 Barclay, Thomas 4,6; Affiliation:  1: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, UK  2: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 PIIKKIÖ, Finland  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University-Commerce, Commerce, TX 75429-3011, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94095, USA  5: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Inc., 560 Third St West, Sonoma, CA 95476, USA; Source Info: 1/21/2016, Vol. 455 Issue 3, p2772; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: instabilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 9202990; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2509
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Margevicius, Kristen J
AU  - Generous, Nicholas
AU  - Abeyta, Esteban
AU  - Althouse, Ben
AU  - Burkom, Howard
AU  - Castro, Lauren
AU  - Daughton, Ashlynn
AU  - Del Valle, Sara Y.
AU  - Fairchild, Geoffrey
AU  - Hyman, James M.
AU  - Kiang, Richard
AU  - Morse, Andrew P.
AU  - Pancerella, Carmen M.
AU  - Pullum, Laura
AU  - Ramanathan, Arvind
AU  - Schlegelmilch, Jeffrey
AU  - Scott, Aaron
AU  - Taylor-McCabe, Kirsten J
AU  - Vespignani, Alessandro
AU  - Deshpande, Alina
T1  - The Biosurveillance Analytics Resource Directory (BARD): Facilitating the Use of Epidemiological Models for Infectious Disease Surveillance.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2016/01/28/
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Epidemiological modeling for infectious disease is important for disease management and its routine implementation needs to be facilitated through better description of models in an operational context. A standardized model characterization process that allows selection or making manual comparisons of available models and their results is currently lacking. A key need is a universal framework to facilitate model description and understanding of its features. Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) has developed a comprehensive framework that can be used to characterize an infectious disease model in an operational context. The framework was developed through a consensus among a panel of subject matter experts. In this paper, we describe the framework, its application to model characterization, and the development of the Biosurveillance Analytics Resource Directory (BARD; ), to facilitate the rapid selection of operational models for specific infectious/communicable diseases. We offer this framework and associated database to stakeholders of the infectious disease modeling field as a tool for standardizing model description and facilitating the use of epidemiological models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Diagnosis
KW  - BIOSURVEILLANCE
KW  - EPIDEMIOLOGY
KW  - POPULATION biology
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL biology
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Cognition
KW  - Cognitive science
KW  - Computational biology
KW  - Decision making
KW  - Disease surveillance
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Infectious disease control
KW  - Infectious disease epidemiology
KW  - Infectious disease modeling
KW  - Infectious disease surveillance
KW  - Infectious diseases
KW  - Malaria
KW  - Medicine and health sciences
KW  - Neuroscience
KW  - Parasitic diseases
KW  - Population biology
KW  - Population modeling
KW  - Public and occupational health
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Spatial epidemiology
KW  - Tropical diseases
N1  - Accession Number: 112553986; Margevicius, Kristen J 1 Generous, Nicholas 1 Abeyta, Esteban 1 Althouse, Ben 2 Burkom, Howard 3 Castro, Lauren 1 Daughton, Ashlynn 1 Del Valle, Sara Y. 1 Fairchild, Geoffrey 1 Hyman, James M. 4 Kiang, Richard 5 Morse, Andrew P. 6,7 Pancerella, Carmen M. 8 Pullum, Laura 9 Ramanathan, Arvind 9 Schlegelmilch, Jeffrey 10 Scott, Aaron 11 Taylor-McCabe, Kirsten J 1 Vespignani, Alessandro 12 Deshpande, Alina 1; Email Address: Deshpande_a@lanl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Analytics, Intelligence and Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, United States of America  2: Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America  3: Johns Hopkins University-Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America  4: Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, Maryland, United States of America  6: Department of Geography and Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom  7: NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Liverpool, United Kingdom  8: Distributed Systems Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California, United States of America  9: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America  10: National Center for Disaster Preparedness, The Earth Institute—Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America  11: USDA APHIS Veterinary Services, Science, Technology, and Analysis Services, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America  12: Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-Technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America; Source Info: 1/28/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COMMUNICABLE diseases -- Diagnosis; Subject Term: BIOSURVEILLANCE; Subject Term: EPIDEMIOLOGY; Subject Term: POPULATION biology; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL biology; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cognitive science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Decision making; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disease surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious disease control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious disease epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious disease modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious disease surveillance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Malaria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neuroscience; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parasitic diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spatial epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tropical diseases; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541711 Research and Development in Biotechnology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0146600
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna
T1  - Dynamic responses of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration to global temperature changes between 1850 and 2010.
JO  - Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
JF  - Advances in Atmospheric Sciences
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 33
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 247
EP  - 258
SN  - 02561530
AB  - Changes in Earth's temperature have significant impacts on the global carbon cycle that vary at different time scales, yet to quantify such impacts with a simple scheme is traditionally deemed difficult. Here, we show that, by incorporating a temperature sensitivity parameter (1.64 ppm yr °C) into a simple linear carbon-cycle model, we can accurately characterize the dynamic responses of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO) concentration to anthropogenic carbon emissions and global temperature changes between 1850 and 2010 ( r > 0.96 and the root-mean-square error < 1 ppm for the period from 1960 onward). Analytical analysis also indicates that the multiplication of the parameter with the response time of the atmospheric carbon reservoir (~12 year) approximates the long-term temperature sensitivity of global atmospheric CO concentration (~15 ppm °C), generally consistent with previous estimates based on reconstructed CO and climate records over the Little Ice Age. Our results suggest that recent increases in global surface temperatures, which accelerate the release of carbon from the surface reservoirs into the atmosphere, have partially offset surface carbon uptakes enhanced by the elevated atmospheric CO concentration and slowed the net rate of atmospheric CO sequestration by global land and oceans by ~30% since the 1960s. The linear modeling framework outlined in this paper thus provides a useful tool to diagnose the observed atmospheric CO dynamics and monitor their future changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Atmospheric Sciences is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption -- Mathematical models
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - GLOBAL temperature changes
KW  - CARBON dioxide fixation
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature
KW  - atmospheric CO dynamics
KW  - carbon cycle
KW  - climate change
KW  - climate-carbon interactions
N1  - Accession Number: 111999554; Wang, Weile Nemani, Ramakrishna 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 33 Issue 2, p247; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide -- Absorption & adsorption -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: GLOBAL temperature changes; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide fixation; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ANTHROPOGENIC effects on nature; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric CO dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate-carbon interactions; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00376-015-5090-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
AU  - Bencic, T. J.
AU  - Fagan, A. F.
AU  - Clem, M. M.
T1  - Shock-Induced Boundary-Layer Separation in Round Convergent-Divergent Nozzles.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 442
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The location of shock-induced boundary-layer separation inside the divergent section of convergent-divergent nozzles is studied experimentally. Pressure-sensitive paint technique is used with nozzles of different design Mach numbers in the range 1.4-2.8. Nozzle pressure ratios in the range of 1.12-4.91, corresponding to a "jet Mach number" range of 0.4-1.7 and a Reynolds number range of 0.35×106-0.58×107, are covered in the experiment. As it is well-known, one-dimensional nozzle flow theory grossly overpredicts the throat-to-shock-location distance at a given nozzle pressure ratio. A correlation from the literature based on rocket nozzle databases is also found to be inadequate for these nozzles of lower design Mach number typical of aircraft applications. For the parametric range covered, a simple correlation for the shock location distance is found. All data collapse in a cluster when plotted as a function of the ratio of jet Mach number to design Mach number. A curve-fit equation representing the average trend is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer separation
KW  - NOZZLES
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - PRESSURE
N1  - Accession Number: 114466393; Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 1 Bencic, T. J. 1 Fagan, A. F. 2 Clem, M. M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Inlets & Nozzles Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Optics & Photonics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p434; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer separation; Subject Term: NOZZLES; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: PRESSURE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326198 All other plastic product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054238
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lee Jinho
T1  - General Aviation Aircraft Design.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 54
IS  - 2
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 793
EP  - 794
SN  - 00011452
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Design & construction
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - GUDMUNDSSON, Snorri
KW  - GENERAL Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods & Procedures (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 114466425; Lee Jinho 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p793; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Design & construction; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: GENERAL Aviation Aircraft Design: Applied Methods & Procedures (Book); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; People: GUDMUNDSSON, Snorri; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Book Review
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054708
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rettberg, Petra
AU  - Anesio, Alexandre M.
AU  - Baker, Victor R.
AU  - Baross, John A.
AU  - Cady, Sherry L.
AU  - Detsis, Emmanouil
AU  - Foreman, Christine M.
AU  - Hauber, Ernst
AU  - Ori, Gian Gabriele
AU  - Pearce, David A.
AU  - Renno, Nilton O.
AU  - Ruvkun, Gary
AU  - Sattler, Birgit
AU  - Saunders, Mark P.
AU  - Smith, David H.
AU  - Wagner, Dirk
AU  - Westall, Frances
T1  - Planetary Protection and Mars Special Regions-A Suggestion for Updating the Definition.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 119
EP  - 125
SN  - 15311074
AB  - We highlight the role of COSPAR and the scientific community in defining and updating the framework of planetary protection. Specifically, we focus on Mars 'Special Regions,' areas where strict planetary protection measures have to be applied before a spacecraft can explore them, given the existence of environmental conditions that may be conducive to terrestrial microbial growth. We outline the history of the concept of Special Regions and inform on recent developments regarding the COSPAR policy, namely, the MEPAG SR-SAG2 review and the Academies and ESF joint committee report on Mars Special Regions. We present some new issues that necessitate the update of the current policy and provide suggestions for new definitions of Special Regions. We conclude with the current major scientific questions that remain unanswered regarding Mars Special Regions. Key Words: Planetary protection-Mars Special Regions-COSPAR policy. Astrobiology 16, 119-125. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - SCIENTIFIC community
KW  - MICROBIAL growth
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 113041058; Rettberg, Petra 1 Anesio, Alexandre M. 2 Baker, Victor R. 3 Baross, John A. 4 Cady, Sherry L. 5 Detsis, Emmanouil 6 Foreman, Christine M. 7 Hauber, Ernst 8 Ori, Gian Gabriele 9 Pearce, David A. 10 Renno, Nilton O. 11 Ruvkun, Gary 12 Sattler, Birgit 13 Saunders, Mark P. 14 Smith, David H. 15 Wagner, Dirk 16 Westall, Frances 17; Affiliation:  1: German Aerospace Centre, Cologne, Germany.  2: Bristol Glaciology Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.  3: Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.  4: School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.  5: Environmental and Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA.  6: Space Sciences Group, European Science Foundation, Strasbourg, France.  7: Chemical and Biological Engineering Department, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.  8: Department of Planetary Geology, German Aerospace Centre, Berlin, Germany.  9: International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Universita d'Annunzio, Pescara, Italy.  10: Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.  11: College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.  12: Richard B. Simches Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.  13: Austrian Polar Research Institute, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.  14: Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, Virginia, USA (Retired).  15: Space Studies Board, National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.  16: German Research Centre for Geosciences Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.  17: Centre de biophysique moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Orléans, France.; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p119; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Environmental conditions; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC community; Subject Term: MICROBIAL growth; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2016.1472
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Georgiou, Christos D.
AU  - Zisimopoulos, Dimitrios
AU  - Panagiotidis, Konstantinos
AU  - Grintzalis, Konstantinos
AU  - Papapostolou, Ioannis
AU  - Quinn, Richard C.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Sun, Henry J.
T1  - Martian Superoxide and Peroxide O2 Release (OR) Assay: A New Technology for Terrestrial and Planetary Applications.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 126
EP  - 142
SN  - 15311074
AB  - This study presents an assay for the detection and quantification of soil metal superoxides and peroxides in regolith and soil. The O2 release (OR) assay is based on the enzymatic conversion of the hydrolysis products of metal oxides to O2 and their quantification by an O2 electrode based on the stoichiometry of the involved reactions. The intermediate product from the hydrolysis of metal superoxides is converted by cytochrome c to O2 and by superoxide dismutase (SOD) to ½ mol O2 and ½ mol H2O2, which is then converted by catalase (CAT) to ½ mol O2. The product H2O2 from the hydrolysis of metal peroxides and hydroperoxides is converted to ½ mol O2 by CAT. The assay method was validated in a sealed sample chamber by using a liquid-phase Clark-type O2 electrode with known concentrations of and H2O2, and commercial metal superoxide and peroxide mixed with Mars analog Mojave and Atacama Desert soils. Carbonates and perchlorates, both present on Mars, do not interfere with the assay. The assay lower limit of detection, when using luminescence quenching/optical sensing O2-electrodes, is 1 nmol O2 cm−3 or better. The activity of the assay enzymes SOD and cytochrome c was unaffected up to 6 Gy exposure by γ radiation, while CAT retained 100% and 40% of its activity at 3 and 6 Gy, respectively, which demonstrates the suitability of these enzymes for planetary missions, for example, on Mars or Europa. Key Words: Geochemistry-Oxygen-Geological conditions for the development of life-Mars-Europa. Astrobiology 16, 126-142. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOILS -- Metal content
KW  - HYDROLYSIS
KW  - METALLIC oxides
KW  - CYTOCHROME c
KW  - SUPEROXIDE dismutase
KW  - LIQUID phase epitaxy
KW  - ELECTRODES
N1  - Accession Number: 113041059; Georgiou, Christos D. 1 Zisimopoulos, Dimitrios 1 Panagiotidis, Konstantinos 1 Grintzalis, Konstantinos 1 Papapostolou, Ioannis 1 Quinn, Richard C. 2 McKay, Christopher P. 3 Sun, Henry J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.  2: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, Mountain View, California, USA.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  4: Desert Research Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p126; Subject Term: SOILS -- Metal content; Subject Term: HYDROLYSIS; Subject Term: METALLIC oxides; Subject Term: CYTOCHROME c; Subject Term: SUPEROXIDE dismutase; Subject Term: LIQUID phase epitaxy; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2015.1345
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113041059&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Schulze-Makuch, Dirk
T1  - The Last Possible Outposts for Life on Mars.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 16
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 159
EP  - 168
SN  - 15311074
AB  - The evolution of habitable conditions on Mars is often tied to the existence of aquatic habitats and largely constrained to the first billion years of the planet. Here, we propose an alternate, lasting evolutionary trajectory that assumes the colonization of land habitats before the end of the Hesperian period ( ca. 3 billion years ago) at a pace similar to life on Earth. Based on the ecological adaptations to increasing dryness observed in dryland ecosystems on Earth, we reconstruct the most likely sequence of events leading to a late extinction of land communities on Mars. We propose a trend of ecological change with increasing dryness from widespread edaphic communities to localized lithic communities and finally to communities exclusively found in hygroscopic substrates, reflecting the need for organisms to maximize access to atmospheric sources of water. If our thought process is correct, it implies the possibility of life on Mars until relatively recent times, perhaps even the present. Key Words: Life-Mars-Evolution-Desert-Land ecosystems-Deliquescence. Astrobiology 16, 159-168. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIFE on Mars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AQUATIC habitats
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 113041063; Davila, Alfonso F. 1,2 Schulze-Makuch, Dirk 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, Mountain View, California, USA.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA.  3: School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.  4: Center of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany.; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 16 Issue 2, p159; Subject Term: LIFE on Mars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AQUATIC habitats; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2015.1380
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113041063&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Amy A. Simon
AU  - Jason F. Rowe
AU  - Patrick Gaulme
AU  - Heidi B. Hammel
AU  - Sarah L. Casewell
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - John E. Gizis
AU  - Jack J. Lissauer
AU  - Raul Morales-Juberias
AU  - Glenn S. Orton
AU  - Michael H. Wong
AU  - Mark S. Marley
T1  - NEPTUNE’S DYNAMIC ATMOSPHERE FROM KEPLER K2 OBSERVATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR BROWN DWARF LIGHT CURVE ANALYSES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02//2/1/2016
VL  - 817
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Observations of Neptune with the Kepler Space Telescope yield a 49 day light curve with 98% coverage at a 1 minute cadence. A significant signature in the light curve comes from discrete cloud features. We compare results extracted from the light curve data with contemporaneous disk-resolved imaging of Neptune from the Keck 10-m telescope at 1.65 microns and Hubble Space Telescope visible imaging acquired nine months later. This direct comparison validates the feature latitudes assigned to the K2 light curve periods based on Neptune's zonal wind profile, and confirms observed cloud feature variability. Although Neptune's clouds vary in location and intensity on short and long timescales, a single large discrete storm seen in Keck imaging dominates the K2 and Hubble light curves; smaller or fainter clouds likely contribute to short-term brightness variability. The K2 Neptune light curve, in conjunction with our imaging data, provides context for the interpretation of current and future brown dwarf and extrasolar planet variability measurements. In particular we suggest that the balance between large, relatively stable, atmospheric features and smaller, more transient, clouds controls the character of substellar atmospheric variability. Atmospheres dominated by a few large spots may show inherently greater light curve stability than those which exhibit a greater number of smaller features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - STARSPOTS
N1  - Accession Number: 112680406; Amy A. Simon 1; Email Address: amy.simon@nasa.gov Jason F. Rowe 2 Patrick Gaulme 3 Heidi B. Hammel 4 Sarah L. Casewell 5 Jonathan J. Fortney 6 John E. Gizis 7 Jack J. Lissauer 8 Raul Morales-Juberias 9 Glenn S. Orton 10 Michael H. Wong 11 Mark S. Marley 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Solar System Exploration Division (690.0), 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Université de Montréal, Département de Physique, 2900 Boul. Édouard-Montpetit, Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada  3: New Mexico State University, Department of Astronomy, P.O. Box 30001, Las Cruces, NM 88003-4500, USA  4: AURA, Inc., 1212 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005, USA  5: University of Leicester, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK  6: University of California, Santa Cruz, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 1156 High Street, 275 Interdisciplinary Sciences Building, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  7: University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, 104 The Green, Newark, DE 19716, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Sciences & Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Physics Department, Workman Center 345, 801 Leroy Place, Socorro, NM 87801, USA  10: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology, M/S 183-501, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  11: University of California at Berkeley, Astronomy Department, Berkeley, CA 947200-3411, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2016, Vol. 817 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: STARSPOTS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/162
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112680406&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kevin B. Stevenson
AU  - Jacob L. Bean
AU  - Andreas Seifahrt
AU  - Gregory J. Gilbert
AU  - Michael R. Line
AU  - Jean-Michel Désert
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
T1  - A SEARCH FOR WATER IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF HAT-P-26b USING LDSS-3C.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02//2/1/2016
VL  - 817
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The characterization of a physically diverse set of transiting exoplanets is an important and necessary step toward establishing the physical properties linked to the production of obscuring clouds or hazes. It is those planets with identifiable spectroscopic features that can most effectively enhance our understanding of atmospheric chemistry and metallicity. The newly commissioned LDSS-3C instrument on Magellan provides enhanced sensitivity and suppressed fringing in the red optical, thus advancing the search for the spectroscopic signature of water in exoplanetary atmospheres from the ground. Using data acquired by LDSS-3C and the Spitzer Space Telescope, we search for evidence of water vapor in the transmission spectrum of the Neptune-mass planet HAT-P-26b. Our measured spectrum is best explained by the presence of water vapor, a lack of potassium, and either a high-metallicity, cloud-free atmosphere or a solar-metallicity atmosphere with a cloud deck at ∼10 mbar. The emergence of multi-scale-height spectral features in our data suggests that future observations at higher precision could break this degeneracy and reveal the planet’s atmospheric chemical abundances. We also update HAT-P-26b’s transit ephemeris, t0 = 2455304.65218(25) BJDTDB, and orbital period, p = 4.2345023(7) days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER -- Research
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - PLANETS
N1  - Accession Number: 112680324; Kevin B. Stevenson 1,2; Email Address: kbs@uchicago.edu Jacob L. Bean 1 Andreas Seifahrt 1 Gregory J. Gilbert 1 Michael R. Line 3 Jean-Michel Désert 4 Jonathan J. Fortney 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 S Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  2: NASA Sagan Fellow.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands  5: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2016, Vol. 817 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: WATER -- Research; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: PLANETS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/141
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112680324&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dugan, Daniel
AU  - Hoh, Roger
AU  - Keeler, Bud
AU  - Dougherty, Bill
AU  - Krueck, Erich
T1  - Letters From Our Readers (Feb. 1, 2016).
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
Y1  - 2016/02//2/1/2016
M3  - Letter to the Editor
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "Far from Failure," about the success of the A380 aircraft, "Asking About AoA," about angle-of-attack, and "Staying Alive" on the 1984 demonstration of an antimisting fuel additive.
KW  - AIRBUS A380 (Jet transport)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel
N1  - Accession Number: 112775333; Dugan, Daniel 1 Hoh, Roger 2 Keeler, Bud Dougherty, Bill Krueck, Erich; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: Hoh Aeronautics Inc. Lomita, California; Source Info: 2/1/2016, p1; Subject Term: AIRBUS A380 (Jet transport); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Letter to the Editor; Full Text Word Count: 827
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raj, S.V.
T1  - Thermal expansion behavior of hot-pressed engineered matrices.
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2016/02//Feb2016 Part A
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2557
EP  - 2569
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Advanced engineered matrix composites (EMCs) require that the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the engineered matrix (EM) matches those of the fiber reinforcements as closely as possible in order to reduce thermal compatibility strains during heating and cooling of the composites. The present paper proposes a general concept for designing suitable matrices for long fiber reinforced composites using a rule of mixtures (ROM) approach to minimize the global differences in the thermal expansion mismatches between the fibers and the engineered matrix. Proof-of-concept studies were conducted to demonstrate the validity of the concept. Powder mixtures of seven engineered matrices were formulated based on ROM calculations and hot-pressed for thermal expansion measurements: 10(vol%)CrSi 2 –70%SiC–20%Si 3 N 4 (CrSi 2 -EM); 10(vol%)CrMoSi–60%SiC–30%Si 3 N 4 (CrMoSi-EM); 10(vol%)MoSi 2 –70%SiC–20%Si 3 N 4 (MoSi 2 -EM); 10(vol%)TiSi 2 –70%SiC–20%Si 3 N 4 (TiSi 2 -EM); 10(vol%)WSi 2 –70%SiC–20%Si 3 N 4 (WSi 2 -EM); 50(vol%)MoSi 2 –50%Si 3 N 4 and 20(vol%)TiSi 2 –80%Si 3 N 4 . Density measurements conducted on the hot-pressed specimens revealed that the volume fractions of total porosity varied between 36% and 43%. Thermal expansion measurements were conducted between room temperature and 1523 K during three heat-cool cycles. The corrected thermal expansion, (Δ L / L 0 ) thermal , varied with the absolute temperature, T , as ( Δ L / L 0 ) t h e r m a l = A ( T − 293 ) 3 + B ( T − 293 ) 2 + C ( T − 293 ) + D where A , B , C and D are regression constants. The magnitudes of (Δ L / L 0 ) thermal for the 50(vol%)MoSi 2 –50%Si 3 N 4 and 20(vol%)TiSi 2 –80%Si 3 N 4 specimens increased with increasing thermal cycle due to an increase in the global residual tensile stresses. In contrast, excellent reproducibility was observed for the other five engineered matrix compositions containing SiC after the first heat-up cycle had relieved residual stresses due to hot-pressing. The experimental (Δ L / L 0 ) thermal data on these engineered matrices are shown to be close to those for SiC thereby proving the validity of the proposed concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL expansion
KW  - HOT pressing
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - RESIDUAL stresses
KW  - HEATING
KW  - POROSITY
KW  - C. Thermal expansion
KW  - D. Silicides
KW  - Engineered matrix
KW  - Engineered matrix composites
KW  - Silicon carbide
KW  - Silicon nitride
N1  - Accession Number: 111410635; Raj, S.V. 1; Email Address: sai.v.raj@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 106-5, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Feb2016 Part A, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p2557; Subject Term: THERMAL expansion; Subject Term: HOT pressing; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: RESIDUAL stresses; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: POROSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Thermal expansion; Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Silicides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineered matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineered matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon nitride; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.10.058
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111410635&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiesner, Valerie L.
AU  - Rueschhoff, Lisa M.
AU  - Diaz-Cano, Andres I.
AU  - Trice, Rodney W.
AU  - Youngblood, Jeffrey P.
T1  - Producing dense zirconium diboride components by room-temperature injection molding of aqueous ceramic suspensions.
JO  - Ceramics International
JF  - Ceramics International
Y1  - 2016/02//Feb2016 Part A
VL  - 42
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2750
EP  - 2760
SN  - 02728842
AB  - Aqueous suspensions of zirconium diboride (ZrB 2 ), boron carbide (B 4 C) and tungsten carbide (WC) with dispersant and water-soluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) were investigated for processing by room-temperature injection molding, a novel, environmentally benign ceramic processing method. B 4 C and WC were used as sintering aids, and the as-received powders were attrition milled to reduce particle size to promote full densification of ZrB 2 specimens by pressureless sintering. Zeta potential measurements of individual ZrB 2 , B 4 C and WC powders and of powder mixtures revealed that maximum stability was achieved in aqueous solutions of attrition milled powder mixtures dispersed using an ammonium polyacrylate dispersant. A maximum powder loading of 49 vol% with ≤5 vol% PVP was attained for ZrB 2 /B 4 C/WC suspensions with dispersant. Although exhibiting a time-dependent rheological response determined by parallel-plate rheometry, suspensions containing 49 vol% powders and ≤3 vol% PVP, as well as suspensions of 46 vol% powders and ≤4 vol% PVP, were flowable under the conditions of the process. ZrB 2 rings prepared by room-temperature injection molding were machinable prior to binder removal and exhibited maximum brown densities of 56% true density (TD). Sintered densities were >98%TD with ~20% linear shrinkage. Scanning electron microscopy revealed an average grain size of 7.3±2.8 µm, and chemical analysis confirmed that no undesirable oxide phases remained in the sintered ZrB 2 specimens. Aqueous ZrB 2 -based suspensions containing B 4 C and WC sintering aids and PVP were effectively processed via room-temperature injection molding to yield dense ZrB 2 rings after binder burnout and pressureless sintering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ceramics International is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM boride
KW  - INJECTION molding
KW  - SUSPENSIONS (Chemistry)
KW  - CERAMICS
KW  - TUNGSTEN carbide
KW  - POVIDONE
KW  - Borides
KW  - Injection molding
KW  - Suspensions
N1  - Accession Number: 111410668; Wiesner, Valerie L. 1; Email Address: valerie.l.wiesner@nasa.gov Rueschhoff, Lisa M. 2 Diaz-Cano, Andres I. 2 Trice, Rodney W. 2 Youngblood, Jeffrey P. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: Feb2016 Part A, Vol. 42 Issue 2, p2750; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM boride; Subject Term: INJECTION molding; Subject Term: SUSPENSIONS (Chemistry); Subject Term: CERAMICS; Subject Term: TUNGSTEN carbide; Subject Term: POVIDONE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Borides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Injection molding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Suspensions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327110 Pottery, Ceramics, and Plumbing Fixture Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.11.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111410668&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guan, Kaiyu
AU  - Berry, Joseph A.
AU  - Zhang, Yongguang
AU  - Joiner, Joanna
AU  - Guanter, Luis
AU  - Badgley, Grayson
AU  - Lobell, David B.
T1  - Improving the monitoring of crop productivity using spaceborne solar-induced fluorescence.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 22
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 716
EP  - 726
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Large-scale monitoring of crop growth and yield has important value for forecasting food production and prices and ensuring regional food security. A newly emerging satellite retrieval, solar-induced fluorescence ( SIF) of chlorophyll, provides for the first time a direct measurement related to plant photosynthetic activity (i.e. electron transport rate). Here, we provide a framework to link SIF retrievals and crop yield, accounting for stoichiometry, photosynthetic pathways, and respiration losses. We apply this framework to estimate United States crop productivity for 2007-2012, where we use the spaceborne SIF retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 satellite, benchmarked with county-level crop yield statistics, and compare it with various traditional crop monitoring approaches. We find that a SIF-based approach accounting for photosynthetic pathways (i.e. C3 and C4 crops) provides the best measure of crop productivity among these approaches, despite the fact that SIF sensors are not yet optimized for terrestrial applications. We further show that SIF provides the ability to infer the impacts of environmental stresses on autotrophic respiration and carbon-use-efficiency, with a substantial sensitivity of both to high temperatures. These results indicate new opportunities for improved mechanistic understanding of crop yield responses to climate variability and change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROPS -- Growth
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FOOD production
KW  - FOOD security
KW  - CROP yields
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
KW  - carbon use efficiency
KW  - crop monitoring
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - gross primary production
KW  - net primary production
KW  - respiration
N1  - Accession Number: 112507570; Guan, Kaiyu 1,2 Berry, Joseph A. 3 Zhang, Yongguang 4,5 Joiner, Joanna 6 Guanter, Luis 5 Badgley, Grayson 1,3 Lobell, David B. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University  2: Center on Food Security and the Environment, Stanford University  3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science  4: International Institute for Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University  5: Remote Sensing Section, German Research Center for Geosciences (GFZ)  6: Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics (Code 614), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 22 Issue 2, p716; Subject Term: CROPS -- Growth; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FOOD production; Subject Term: FOOD security; Subject Term: CROP yields; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHESIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon use efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: crop monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: gross primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: net primary production; Author-Supplied Keyword: respiration; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.13136
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112507570&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Popovic, Zoya
AU  - Afridi, Khurram
AU  - Ponchak, George
T1  - Guest Editorial.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory & Techniques
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 64
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 329
EP  - 330
SN  - 00189480
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including wireless power transfer (WPT), increased attention for power levels, and WPT challenges in an international and open environment.
KW  - WIRELESS power transmission
KW  - ELECTRIC power transmission
N1  - Accession Number: 112830587; Popovic, Zoya 1 Afridi, Khurram 1 Ponchak, George 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 64 Issue 2, p329; Subject Term: WIRELESS power transmission; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power transmission; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TMTT.2016.2515167
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Darr, Samuel
AU  - Asencio, Anthony
T1  - Assessment of existing two phase heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux correlations for cryogenic flow boiling in pipe quenching experiments.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 93
M3  - Article
SP  - 441
EP  - 463
SN  - 00179310
AB  - To enable efficient design and analysis of cryogenic propellant transfer systems, high accuracy models are required for predicting two phase flow boiling and heat transfer at reduced temperatures. The penalty for poor models translates into higher margin, safety factor, and ultimately cost in design. Recently, there has been a drive towards developing universal correlations to cover a broad range of fluids, tube diameters, and thermodynamic conditions for predicting heat flux and pressure drop. These correlations do not, however, cover cryogenic fluids like liquid hydrogen. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to apply popular two phase heat transfer correlations used in commercial codes against available flow boiling data for cryogenic fluids. Specifically, quenching test data for critical heat flux and two phase heat transfer coefficient are compared against the correlations. Results show that existing correlations over-predict heat transfer by as much as 20,000% and that significant model improvements are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer coefficient
KW  - TWO-phase flow
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - CRYOGENIC fluids
KW  - PIPE
KW  - QUENCHING (Chemistry)
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Film boiling
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Liquid nitrogen
KW  - Nucleate boiling
KW  - Quenching
KW  - SINDA/FLUINT
N1  - Accession Number: 111567308; Hartwig, Jason 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Darr, Samuel 2 Asencio, Anthony 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Propulsion and Propellants Branch, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States  3: Mechanical Engineering, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Bayamon Campus, Bayamon 0957-6257, Puerto Rico; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 93, p441; Subject Term: HEAT transfer coefficient; Subject Term: TWO-phase flow; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC fluids; Subject Term: PIPE; Subject Term: QUENCHING (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Film boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleate boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quenching; Author-Supplied Keyword: SINDA/FLUINT; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326122 Plastics Pipe and Pipe Fitting Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331210 Iron and Steel Pipe and Tube Manufacturing from Purchased Steel; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.09.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wüst, Sabine
AU  - Wendt, Verena
AU  - Schmidt, Carsten
AU  - Lichtenstern, Sabrina
AU  - Bittner, Michael
AU  - Yee, Jeng-Hwa
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Russell III, James M.
T1  - Derivation of gravity wave potential energy density from NDMC measurements.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 138
M3  - Article
SP  - 32
EP  - 46
SN  - 13646826
AB  - Within the Network for the Detection of Mesospheric Change, NDMC ( http://wdc.dlr.de/ndmc ), we currently operate 12 infrared spectrometers, which are nearly identical in set-up and data processing. These spectrometers are called GRIPS 5 to GRIPS 16 (GRound based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer) and allow the acquisition of rotational temperatures in the mesopause region making use of the OH*-airglow phenomenon. We present an algorithm for the estimation of potential energy density using measurements of five GRIPS instruments from 2011 to 2014 at three stations in central and one in Northern Europe. Nightly temperature variations are retrieved for periods shorter and longer than ca. 60 min applying an iterative approach of sliding means. Based on these results, monthly mean potential energy density is estimated for the short and the long periods. The Brunt–Väisälä frequency, which is necessary for its calculation, is taken from TIMED–SABER and CIRA-86 data. In order to justify the combination of TIMED–SABER and GRIPS data sets, temperature time series at the different stations are compared. Depending on the periods, an annual and/or semi-annual variation of potential energy density can be observed in most cases which agree quite well with other publications addressing the mesopause at mid-latitudes but relying on different techniques. The influence of the vertical extension of the OH*-layer and of the size of the field-of-view on the results is discussed. Finally, we show for the first time that GRIPS measurements, which take place at the same station but which are characterized through differing sizes of the fields of view, can provide additional information about the dominating horizontal wavelengths at mesopause heights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - ENERGY density
KW  - IR spectrometers
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - POTENTIAL energy
KW  - ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics)
KW  - Airglow
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Mesopause
KW  - Potential energy density
N1  - Accession Number: 112677414; Wüst, Sabine 1; Email Address: sabine.wuest@dlr.de Wendt, Verena 1,2 Schmidt, Carsten 1 Lichtenstern, Sabrina 1 Bittner, Michael 1,3 Yee, Jeng-Hwa 4 Mlynczak, Martin G. 5 Russell III, James M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  2: Umweltforschungsstation Schneefernerhaus, Zugspitze, Germany  3: Universität Augsburg, Institut für Physik, Augsburg, Germany  4: Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA  6: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 138, p32; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Subject Term: ENERGY density; Subject Term: IR spectrometers; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy; Subject Term: ITERATIVE methods (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Airglow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesopause; Author-Supplied Keyword: Potential energy density; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2015.12.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112677414&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Thirty years of vegetation change in the coastal Santa Cruz Mountains of Northern California detected using landsat satellite image analysis.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 20
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 51
EP  - 59
SN  - 14000350
AB  - The Santa Cruz Mountains is a coastal landscape with a history of extensive forest logging, and a future with projected climate warming that may alter vegetation cover and surface water runoff in new ways. Results from Landsat satellite image time-series analysis since 1983 of this study area showed gradual, statistically significant increases in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in more than 90 % of the (predominantly second-growth) evergreen forest locations sampled. The cumulative distribution of NDVI values in 2013 was significantly different and higher overall from the cumulative distribution of NDVI values in 1983. The extreme drought year of 2013 (and other previous years of low precipitation) did not affect average NDVI growth rates in most drainage basins of the study area, with the exception of four relatively small basins that had less than 30 % forested land cover. Notably different patterns of NDVI change were detected in areas burned by wildfires in recent years. Within the perimeters of the 2008 Summit Fire and the 2009 Lockheed Fire, NDVI showed notable declines from pre-fire levels to those calculated in 2013 Landsat imagery. In contrast to these recent fires, the burned area from the 1985 Lexington Fire showed the highest rate of NDVI increase (over 27 years of regrowth) of any relatively large contiguous area within the Santa Cruz Mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VEGETATION dynamics
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SANTA Cruz Mountains (Calif.)
KW  - California
KW  - Climate change
KW  - Drought
KW  - Forest vegetation
KW  - Landsat
KW  - NDVI
KW  - Santa Cruz Mountains
KW  - Wildfire
N1  - Accession Number: 113545146; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 20 Issue 1, p51; Subject Term: VEGETATION dynamics; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SANTA Cruz Mountains (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drought; Author-Supplied Keyword: Forest vegetation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: NDVI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Santa Cruz Mountains; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-015-0417-5
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113545146&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Bellur, Kishan
AU  - Konduru, Vinaykumar
AU  - Kulshreshtha, Manan
AU  - Tyrewala, Daanish
AU  - Medici, Ezequiel
AU  - Allen, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Chang Kyoung Choi
AU  - Hussey, Daniel S.
AU  - Jacobson, David C.
AU  - Leão, Juscelino B.
AU  - McQuillen, John
AU  - Hermanson, James
AU  - Tamilarasan, Arun
T1  - Contact Angle Measurement of Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) in Stainless Steel and Aluminum Cells.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 138
IS  - 2
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 020904-1
EP  - 020904-1
SN  - 00221481
AB  - An abstract of the article "Contact Angle Measurement of Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) in Stainless Steel and Aluminum Cells" by Kishan Bellur and colleagues is presented.
KW  - CONTACT angle -- Measurement
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 114263623; Bellur, Kishan 1 Konduru, Vinaykumar 1 Kulshreshtha, Manan 1 Tyrewala, Daanish 1 Medici, Ezequiel 1 Allen, Jeffrey S. 1 Chang Kyoung Choi 1 Hussey, Daniel S. 2 Jacobson, David C. 2 Leão, Juscelino B. 2 McQuillen, John 3 Hermanson, James 4 Tamilarasan, Arun 4; Affiliation:  1: Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI  2: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD  3: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH  4: University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 138 Issue 2, p020904-1; Subject Term: CONTACT angle -- Measurement; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamakov, V.
AU  - Hochhalter, J.
AU  - Leser, W.
AU  - Warner, J.
AU  - Newman, J.
AU  - Purja Pun, G.
AU  - Mishin, Y.
T1  - Multiscale modeling of sensory properties of Co-Ni-Al shape memory particles embedded in an Al metal matrix.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 51
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1204
EP  - 1216
PB  - Springer Science & Business Media B.V.
SN  - 00222461
AB  - The concept of utilizing ferromagnetic shape memory alloys as embedded sensory particles in aluminum alloys for damage detection is discussed. When embedded in a material, a shape memory particle can undergo an acoustically detectable solid-state phase transformation when the local strain reaches a critical value. The emitted acoustic signal can be used for real-time damage detection. To study the transition behavior of the sensory particle inside a metal matrix under load, a simulation approach based on a coupled atomistic-continuum model is used. The simulation results indicate a strong dependence of the particle's pseudoelastic response on its crystallographic orientation with respect to the loading direction. These results serve as a basis for understanding the efficacy and variability in the sensory particle transformation to detect damage processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COBALT-nickel alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - FERROMAGNETIC materials
KW  - SOLID-state phase transformations
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ACOUSTIC signal processing
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 112064611; Yamakov, V. 1; Email Address: yamakov@nianet.org Hochhalter, J. 2 Leser, W. 2 Warner, J. 2 Newman, J. 2 Purja Pun, G. 3 Mishin, Y. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton 23666 USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton 23681 USA  3: George Mason University, Fairfax USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 51 Issue 3, p1204; Subject Term: COBALT-nickel alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: FERROMAGNETIC materials; Subject Term: SOLID-state phase transformations; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ACOUSTIC signal processing; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-015-9153-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chartrand, Thomas
AU  - McCollum, Gin
AU  - Hanes, Douglas
AU  - Boyle, Richard
T1  - Symmetries of a generic utricular projection: neural connectivity and the distribution of utricular information.
JO  - Journal of Mathematical Biology
JF  - Journal of Mathematical Biology
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 72
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 727
EP  - 753
SN  - 03036812
AB  - Sensory contribution to perception and action depends on both sensory receptors and the organization of pathways (or projections) reaching the central nervous system. Unlike the semicircular canals that are divided into three discrete sensitivity directions, the utricle has a relatively complicated anatomical structure, including sensitivity directions over essentially $$360^{\circ }$$ of a curved, two-dimensional disk. The utricle is not flat, and we do not assume it to be. Directional sensitivity of individual utricular afferents decreases in a cosine-like fashion from peak excitation for movement in one direction to a null or near null response for a movement in an orthogonal direction. Directional sensitivity varies slowly between neighboring cells except within the striolar region that separates the medial from the lateral zone, where the directional selectivity abruptly reverses along the reversal line. Utricular primary afferent pathways reach the vestibular nuclei and cerebellum and, in many cases, converge on target cells with semicircular canal primary afferents and afference from other sources. Mathematically, some canal pathways are known to be characterized by symmetry groups related to physical space. These groups structure rotational information and movement. They divide the target neural center into distinct populations according to the innervation patterns they receive. Like canal pathways, utricular pathways combine symmetries from the utricle with those from target neural centers. This study presents a generic set of transformations drawn from the known structure of the utricle and therefore likely to be found in utricular pathways, but not exhaustive of utricular pathway symmetries. This generic set of transformations forms a 32-element group that is a semi-direct product of two simple abelian groups. Subgroups of the group include order-four elements corresponding to discrete rotations. Evaluation of subgroups allows us to functionally identify the spatial implications of otolith and canal symmetries regarding action and perception. Our results are discussed in relation to observed utricular pathways, including those convergent with canal pathways. Oculomotor and other sensorimotor systems are organized according to canal planes. However, the utricle is evolutionarily prior to the canals and may provide a more fundamental spatial framework for canal pathways as well as for movement. The fullest purely otolithic pathway is likely that which reaches the lumbar spine via Deiters' cells in the lateral vestibular nucleus. It will be of great interest to see whether symmetries predicted from the utricle are identified within this pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Mathematical Biology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UTRICLE & Saccule
KW  - SYMMETRY
KW  - NEURAL circuitry
KW  - PERCEPTION
KW  - EYE -- Movements
KW  - 92C20
KW  - Group
KW  - Projection
KW  - Symmetry
KW  - Utricle
N1  - Accession Number: 112337611; Chartrand, Thomas 1 McCollum, Gin 2; Email Address: gin.mccollum@pdx.edu Hanes, Douglas 3; Email Address: douglas.hanes@gmail.com Boyle, Richard 4; Affiliation:  1: Graduate Group in Applied Mathematics, University of California, Davis 95618 USA  2: Fariborz Maseeh Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Portland State University, Portland 97207-751 USA  3: School of Research and Graduate Studies, National College of Natural Medicine, Portland 97201 USA  4: Vestibular Biophysics Laboratory, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field 94035-1000 USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 72 Issue 3, p727; Subject Term: UTRICLE & Saccule; Subject Term: SYMMETRY; Subject Term: NEURAL circuitry; Subject Term: PERCEPTION; Subject Term: EYE -- Movements; Author-Supplied Keyword: 92C20; Author-Supplied Keyword: Group; Author-Supplied Keyword: Projection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Symmetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Utricle; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00285-015-0900-5
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burns, Devin E.
AU  - Oh, Lance H.
AU  - Li, Mary J.
AU  - Kelly, Daniel P.
AU  - Kutyrev, Alexander S.
AU  - Moseley, Samuel H.
T1  - 2-D Electrostatic Actuation of Microshutter Arrays.
JO  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
JF  - Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 25
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 107
SN  - 10577157
AB  - Electrostatically actuated microshutter arrays consisting of rotational microshutters (shutters that rotate about a torsion bar) were designed and fabricated through the use of models and experiments. Design iterations focused on minimizing the torsional stiffness of the microshutters while maintaining their structural integrity. Mechanical and electromechanical test systems were constructed to measure the static and dynamic behavior of the microshutters. The torsional stiffness was reduced by a factor of four over initial designs without sacrificing durability. The analysis of the resonant behavior of the microshutters demonstrates that the first resonant mode is a torsional mode occurring around 3000 Hz. At low vacuum pressures, this resonant mode can be used to significantly reduce the drive voltage necessary for actuation requiring as little as 25 V. The 2-D electrostatic latching and addressing was demonstrated using both a resonant and a pulsed addressing scheme. [2015–0172] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC actuators
KW  - TORSIONAL stiffness
KW  - ELECTROSTATICS
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - DYNAMICAL systems
KW  - Blades
KW  - Electrodes
KW  - Electrostatic actuators
KW  - Electrostatic measurements
KW  - Electrostatics
KW  - Microelectromechanical devices
KW  - optical arrays
KW  - optoelectronic devices
KW  - Silicon
KW  - Torque
N1  - Accession Number: 112830608; Burns, Devin E. 1 Oh, Lance H. 1 Li, Mary J. 1 Kelly, Daniel P. 1 Kutyrev, Alexander S. 1 Moseley, Samuel H. 1; Affiliation:  1: , National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 25 Issue 1, p101; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC actuators; Subject Term: TORSIONAL stiffness; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATICS; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: DYNAMICAL systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blades; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrodes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic actuators; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatic measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrostatics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microelectromechanical devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical arrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: optoelectronic devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Torque; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/JMEMS.2015.2498411
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Cageao, Richard P.
AU  - Mast, Jeffrey C.
AU  - Kratz, David P.
AU  - Latvakoski, Harri
AU  - Johnson, David G.
T1  - Observations of downwelling far-infrared emission at Table Mountain California made by the FIRST instrument.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 170
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 105
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of the Troposphere (FIRST) instrument measured downwelling far-infrared (far-IR) and mid-infrared (mid-IR) atmospheric spectra from 200 to 800 cm −1 at Table Mountain, California (elevation 2285 m). Spectra were recorded during a field campaign conducted in early autumn 2012, subsequent to a detailed laboratory calibration of the instrument. Radiosondes launched coincident with the FIRST observations provide temperature and water vapor profiles for model simulation of the measured spectra. Results from the driest day of the campaign (October 19, with less than 3 mm precipitable water) are presented here. Considerable spectral development is observed between 400 and 600 cm −1 . Over 90% of the measured radiance in this interval originates within 2.8 km of the surface. The existence of temperature inversions close to the surface necessitates atmospheric layer thicknesses as fine as 10 m in the radiative transfer model calculations. A detailed assessment of the uncertainties in the FIRST measurements and in the model calculations shows that the measured radiances agree with the model radiance calculations to within their combined uncertainties. The uncertainties in modeled radiance are shown to be larger than the measurement uncertainties. Overall, the largest source of uncertainty is in the water vapor concentration used in the radiative transfer calculations. Proposed new instruments with markedly higher measurement accuracy than FIRST will be able to measure the far-IR spectrum to much greater accuracy than it can be computed. As such, accurate direct measurements of the far-IR, and not solely calculations, are essential to the assessment of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC spectra
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - CALIFORNIA
KW  - Far-Infrared
KW  - Greenhouse effect
KW  - Radiative closure
KW  - Spectral radiance
KW  - Water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 111828022; Mlynczak, Martin G. 1; Email Address: m.g.mlynczak@nasa.gov Cageao, Richard P. 2; Email Address: richard.p.cageao@nasa.gov Mast, Jeffrey C. 3; Email Address: jeffrey.c.mast@nasa.gov Kratz, David P. 1; Email Address: david.p.kratz@nasa.gov Latvakoski, Harri 4; Email Address: harri.latvakoski@sdl.usu.edu Johnson, David G. 2; Email Address: david.g.johnson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, Mail Stop 420, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  2: Remote Sensing Flight Systems Branch, Mail Stop 468, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States  3: Science Systems and Applications Incorporated, 1 Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, VA 23666, United States  4: Space Dynamics Laboratory, 1695 Research Park Way, Logan, UT 84341, United States; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 170, p90; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC spectra; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Far-Infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: Greenhouse effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.10.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111828022&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaddi, Chanchala
AU  - Bennett, Rachel
AU  - Paine, Martin
AU  - Banks, Mitchel
AU  - Weber, Arthur
AU  - Fernández, Facundo
AU  - Wang, May
T1  - DetectTLC: Automated Reaction Mixture Screening Utilizing Quantitative Mass Spectrometry Image Features.
JO  - Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
JF  - Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 27
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 359
EP  - 365
SN  - 10440305
AB  - Full characterization of complex reaction mixtures is necessary to understand mechanisms, optimize yields, and elucidate secondary reaction pathways. Molecular-level information for species in such mixtures can be readily obtained by coupling mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) with thin layer chromatography (TLC) separations. User-guided investigation of imaging data for mixture components with known m/z values is generally straightforward; however, spot detection for unknowns is highly tedious, and limits the applicability of MSI in conjunction with TLC. To accelerate imaging data mining, we developed DetectTLC, an approach that automatically identifies m/z values exhibiting TLC spot-like regions in MS molecular images. Furthermore, DetectTLC can also spatially match m/z values for spots acquired during alternating high and low collision-energy scans, pairing product ions with precursors to enhance structural identification. As an example, DetectTLC is applied to the identification and structural confirmation of unknown, yet significant, products of abiotic pyrazinone and aminopyrazine nucleoside analog synthesis. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MASS spectrometry
KW  - THIN layer chromatography
KW  - MIXTURES
KW  - MOLECULAR biology
KW  - PYRAZINONES
KW  - PYRAZINES
KW  - Ambient MS
KW  - Data processing
KW  - DESI MS
KW  - Feature detection
KW  - Imaging mass spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 112454936; Kaddi, Chanchala 1 Bennett, Rachel Paine, Martin 2 Banks, Mitchel 2 Weber, Arthur 3 Fernández, Facundo 2; Email Address: facundo.fernandez@chemistry.gatech.edu Wang, May 1; Email Address: maywang@bme.gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 USA  2: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332 USA  3: SETI Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 27 Issue 2, p359; Subject Term: MASS spectrometry; Subject Term: THIN layer chromatography; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Subject Term: MOLECULAR biology; Subject Term: PYRAZINONES; Subject Term: PYRAZINES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ambient MS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: DESI MS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Feature detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging mass spectrometry; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s13361-015-1293-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benjamin D Jensen
AU  - Kristopher E Wise
AU  - Gregory M Odegard
T1  - Simulation of mechanical performance limits and failure of carbon nanotube composites.
JO  - Modelling & Simulation in Materials Science & Engineering
JF  - Modelling & Simulation in Materials Science & Engineering
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 24
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09650393
AB  - The mechanical properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber composites are steadily approaching those of traditional carbon fiber composites. This work is focused on establishing a plausible upper bound on these properties by modeling the elastic deformations, yield, and fracture of idealized CNT composites using reactive molecular dynamics. Amorphous carbon (AC) was used for the matrix material because of its structural simplicity and physical compatibility with the CNT fillers. Three different arrangements of CNTs in the simulation cell were investigated: a single-wall nanotube (SWNT) array, a multi-wall nanotube (MWNT) array, and a SWNT bundle system. The SWNT and MWNT array systems are clearly idealizations, but the SWNT bundle system is a step closer to real systems in which individual tubes aggregate into large assemblies. Chemical crosslinking was modeled by adding bonds between the CNTs and AC to explore the balance between weakening the CNTs and improving fiber-matrix load transfer. The simulation results reported here clarify the impact of CNT dispersion, the extent of crosslinking, and CNT-templated matrix structuring on the mechanical properties of CNT composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Modelling & Simulation in Materials Science & Engineering is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes
KW  - BOUNDS (Mathematics)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
N1  - Accession Number: 112438929; Benjamin D Jensen 1,2 Kristopher E Wise 1 Gregory M Odegard 2; Email Address: gmodegar@mtu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering—Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931 USA; Source Info: Feb 2016, Vol. 24 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes; Subject Term: BOUNDS (Mathematics); Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0965-0393/24/2/025012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Harker, Geraint J. A.
AU  - Mirocha, Jordan
AU  - Burns, Jack O.
AU  - Pritchard, Jonathan R.
T1  - Parametrizations of the 21-cm global signal and parameter estimation from single-dipole experiments.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/02//2/1/2016
VL  - 455
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3829
EP  - 3840
SN  - 00358711
AB  - One approach to extracting the global 21-cm signal from total-power measurements at low radio frequencies is to parametrize the different contributions to the data and then fit for these parameters. We examine parametrizations of the 21-cm signal itself, and propose one based on modelling the Ly α background, intergalactic medium temperature and hydrogen ionized fraction using tanh functions. This captures the shape of the signal from a physical modelling code better than an earlier parametrization based on interpolating between maxima and minima of the signal, and imposes a greater level of physical plausibility. This allows less biased constraints on the turning points of the signal, even though these are not explicitly fit for. Biases can also be alleviated by discarding information which is less robustly described by the parametrization, for example by ignoring detailed shape information coming from the covariances between turning points or from the high-frequency parts of the signal, or by marginalizing over the high-frequency parts of the signal by fitting a more complex foreground model. The fits are sufficiently accurate to be usable for experiments gathering 1000 h of data, though in this case it may be important to choose observing windows which do not include the brightest areas of the foregrounds. Our assumption of pointed, single-antenna observations and very broad-band fitting makes these results particularly applicable to experiments such as the Dark Ages Radio Explorer, which would study the global 21-cm signal from the clean environment of a low lunar orbit, taking data from the far side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STOCHASTIC systems
KW  - THERMISTORS
KW  - ISOTHERMAL processes
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - HYDROGEN-deuterium exchange
KW  - cosmology: theory
KW  - dark ages
KW  - diffuse radiation
KW  - first stars
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - radio lines: general
KW  - reionization
N1  - Accession Number: 111962646; Harker, Geraint J. A. 1,2; Email Address: g.harker@ucl.ac.uk Mirocha, Jordan 3,4 Burns, Jack O. 3,5 Pritchard, Jonathan R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK  2: Marie Curie Fellow  3: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Campus Box 389, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: NASA Earth, Space Sciences Graduate Fellow  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK; Source Info: 2/1/2016, Vol. 455 Issue 4, p3829; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC systems; Subject Term: THERMISTORS; Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL processes; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: HYDROGEN-deuterium exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark ages; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffuse radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: first stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: radio lines: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: reionization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2630
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Davies, L. J. M.
AU  - Robotham, A. S. G.
AU  - Driver, S. P.
AU  - Alpaslan, M.
AU  - Baldry, I. K.
AU  - Bland-Hawthorn, J.
AU  - Brough, S.
AU  - Brown, M. J. I.
AU  - Cluver, M. E.
AU  - Holwerda, B. W.
AU  - Hopkins, A. M.
AU  - Lara-López, M. A.
AU  - Mahajan, S.
AU  - Moffett, A. J.
AU  - Owers, M. S.
AU  - Phillipps, S.
T1  - Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): growing up in a bad neighbourhood - how do low-mass galaxies become passive?
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/02//2/1/2016
VL  - 455
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4013
EP  - 4029
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Both theoretical predictions and observations of the very nearby Universe suggest that lowmass galaxies(log10[M*/M☉] < 9.5) are likely to remain star-forming unless they are affected by their local environment. To test this premise, we compare and contrast the local environment of both passive and star-forming galaxies as a function of stellar mass, using the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey. We find that passive fractions are higher in both interacting pair and group galaxies than the field at all stellar masses, and that this effect is most apparent in the lowest mass galaxies. We alsofind that essentially all passive log10[M*/M☉] < 8.5 galaxies are found in pair/group environments, suggesting that local interactions with a more massive neighbour cause them to cease forming new stars. We find that the effects of immediate environment (local galaxy-galaxy interactions) in forming passive systems increase with decreasing stellar mass, and highlight that this is potentially due to increasing interaction time-scales giving sufficient time for the galaxy to become passive via starvation. We then present a simplistic model to test this premise, and showthat given our speculative assumptions, it is consistent with our observed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - TIDAL stripping (Astrophysics)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - NOVAE (Astronomy)
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - galaxies: interactions
N1  - Accession Number: 111962633; Davies, L. J. M. 1; Email Address: luke.j.davies@uwa.edu.au Robotham, A. S. G. 1 Driver, S. P. 1,2 Alpaslan, M. 3 Baldry, I. K. 4 Bland-Hawthorn, J. 5 Brough, S. 6 Brown, M. J. I. 7 Cluver, M. E. 8 Holwerda, B. W. 9 Hopkins, A. M. 6 Lara-López, M. A. 10 Mahajan, S. 11 Moffett, A. J. 1 Owers, M. S. 6,12 Phillipps, S. 13; Affiliation:  1: ICRAR, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  2: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK  3: NASA Ames Research Center, N232, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK  5: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  6: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 915, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia  7: School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia  8: University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa  9: Sterrewacht Leiden, University of Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands  10: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-264, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico  11: Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Manauli 140306, Punjab, India  12: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia  13: School of Physics, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK; Source Info: 2/1/2016, Vol. 455 Issue 4, p4013; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: TIDAL stripping (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: NOVAE (Astronomy); Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: interactions; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2573
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - IIIDatiles, Manuel B.
AU  - Ansari, Rafat R.
AU  - Yoshida, Junko
AU  - Brown, Holly
AU  - Zambrano, Andrea I.
AU  - Tian, Jing
AU  - Vitale, Susan
AU  - Jr.Zigler, J. Samuel
AU  - IIIFerris, Frederick L.
AU  - West, Sheila K.
AU  - Stark, Walter J.
T1  - Longitudinal Study of Age-Related Cataract Using Dynamic Light Scattering: Loss of α-Crystallin Leads to Nuclear Cataract Development.
JO  - Ophthalmology
JF  - Ophthalmology
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 123
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 248
EP  - 254
SN  - 01616420
AB  - Purpose To conduct a longitudinal study on age-related nuclear cataracts using dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine if cataract progression is associated with loss of the unbound form of the lens molecular chaperone protein, α-crystallin. Design Natural history and cohort study. Participants Patients 30 years of age or older of either gender seeking treatment at the Wilmer Eye Institute Cornea–Cataract Department. Methods All patients underwent a comprehensive dilated eye examination every 6 months, including slit-lamp grading of their lenses using the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) clinical lens grading system and obtaining an estimate of unbound α-crystallin level in the nucleus, the α-crystallin index (ACI), using the National Aeronautics and Space Administration–National Eye Institute DLS device. We used a random effects statistical model to examine the relationship of lens opacity changes over time with ACI changes. Main Outcome Measures α-Crystallin Index (ACI) and AREDS nuclear cataract grade. Results Forty-five patients (66 eyes) 34 to 79 years of age with AREDS nuclear lens grades of 0 to 3.0 were followed up every 6 months for a mean of 19 months (range, 6–36 months). We found that lenses with the lowest baseline levels of ACI had the most rapid progression of cataracts, whereas lenses with higher ACI at baseline had no or slower cataract progression. Lenses that lost α-crystallin at the highest rates during the study also had faster progression of nuclear cataracts than lenses with a slower rate of ACI loss. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that lenses with the lowest initial ACI had the highest risk of undergoing cataract surgery. Conclusions This longitudinal study corroborates our previous cross-sectional study finding that higher levels of unbound α-crystallin as assessed by ACI are associated with lower risk of cataract formation and that loss of ACI over time is associated with cataract formation and progression. This study suggested that assessment of ACI with the DLS device could be used as a surrogate for lens opacity risk in clinical studies, and for assessing nuclear cataract events in studies where cataract development may be a side effect of a drug or device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Ophthalmology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATARACT
KW  - CRYSTALLINE lens
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - DISEASE progression
KW  - MOLECULAR chaperones
KW  - AGE factors
KW  - ACI α-crystallin index
KW  - AREDS Age-Related Eye Disease Study
KW  - DLS dynamic light scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 112310937; IIIDatiles, Manuel B. 1; Email Address: DatilesM@NEI.NIH.GOV Ansari, Rafat R. 2 Yoshida, Junko 3,4 Brown, Holly 3 Zambrano, Andrea I. 3 Tian, Jing 3 Vitale, Susan 1 Jr.Zigler, J. Samuel 3 IIIFerris, Frederick L. 1 West, Sheila K. 3 Stark, Walter J. 3; Affiliation:  1: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration-John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio  3: The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland  4: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 123 Issue 2, p248; Subject Term: CATARACT; Subject Term: CRYSTALLINE lens; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: DISEASE progression; Subject Term: MOLECULAR chaperones; Subject Term: AGE factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: ACI α-crystallin index; Author-Supplied Keyword: AREDS Age-Related Eye Disease Study; Author-Supplied Keyword: DLS dynamic light scattering; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2015.10.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tyler D. Robinson
AU  - Karl R. Stapelfeldt
AU  - Mark S. Marley
T1  - Characterizing Rocky and Gaseous Exoplanets with 2 m Class Space-based Coronagraphs.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/02//
VL  - 128
IS  - 960
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - Several concepts now exist for small, space-based missions to directly characterize exoplanets in reflected light. While studies have been performed that investigate the potential detection yields of such missions, little work has been done to understand how instrumental and astrophysical parameters will affect the ability of these missions to obtain spectra that are useful for characterizing their planetary targets. Here, we develop an instrument noise model suitable for studying the spectral characterization potential of a coronagraph-equipped, space-based telescope. We adopt a baseline set of telescope and instrument parameters appropriate for near-future planned missions like WFIRST-AFTA, including a 2 m diameter primary aperture, an operational wavelength range of 0.4–1.0 μm, and an instrument spectral resolution of λ/Δλ = 70, and apply our baseline model to a variety of spectral models of different planet types, including Earth twins, Jupiter twins, and warm and cool Jupiters and Neptunes. With our exoplanet spectral models, we explore wavelength-dependent planet–star flux ratios for main-sequence stars of various effective temperatures and discuss how coronagraph inner and outer working angle constraints will influence the potential to study different types of planets. For planets most favorable to spectroscopic characterization—cool Jupiters and Neptunes as well as nearby super-Earths—we study the integration times required to achieve moderate signal-to-noise ratio spectra. We also explore the sensitivity of the integration times required to either detect the bottom or presence of key absorption bands (for methane, water vapor, and molecular oxygen) to coronagraph raw contrast performance, exozodiacal light levels, and the distance to the planetary system. Decreasing detector quantum efficiency at longer visible wavelengths makes the detection of water vapor in the atmospheres of Earth-like planets extremely challenging, and also hinders detections of the 0.89 μm methane band. Additionally, most modeled observations have noise dominated by dark currents, indicating that improving CCD performance could substantially drive down requisite integration times. Finally, we briefly discuss the extension of our models to a more distant future Large UV-Optical-InfraRed (LUVOIR) mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 120537830; Tyler D. Robinson 1,2,3; Email Address: tydrobin@ucsc.edu Karl R. Stapelfeldt 4 Mark S. Marley 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Sagan Fellow.  3: NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory.  4: Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 667, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 128 Issue 960, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/960/025003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - The infrared spectra of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with CnHm side groups.
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2016/02/03/
VL  - 465
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
EP  - 27
SN  - 03010104
AB  - The infrared spectra of C 54 H 18 and C 96 H 24 with CH 2 , CH 3 , C 2 H 3 , C 3 H 4 , C 3 H 5 , C 4 H 5 , C 5 H 6 , C 5 H 7 , and C 6 H 7 side groups have been studied using the B3LYP/4-31G approach. The spectra of the neutral species look very much like the superposition of the spectra of the parent and side group. The small perturbations in the spectra increase with the size of the side group. The spectra of cations show a similar trend of increasing perturbations in the parent spectra with number and size of the side group. However, for the cations, the change in the spectra become significant for the largest side groups considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics)
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - CATIONS
KW  - Choice of functional
KW  - DFT
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
N1  - Accession Number: 112240222; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 465, p17; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SUPERPOSITION principle (Physics); Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: CATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Choice of functional; Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2015.12.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112240222&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burke, E. R.
AU  - Grubsky, V.
AU  - Romanov, V.
AU  - Shoemaker, K.
T1  - NDE of Spacecraft Materials Using 3D Compton Backscatter X-Ray Imaging.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2016/02/05/
VL  - 1706
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - We present the results of testing of the NDE performance of a Compton Imaging Tomography (CIT) system for single-sided, penetrating 3D inspection. The system was recently developed by Physical Optics Corporation (POC) and delivered to NASA for testing and evaluation. The CIT technology is based on 3D structure mapping by collecting the information on density profiles in multiple object cross sections through hard x-ray Compton backscatter imaging. The individual cross sections are processed and fused together in software, generating a 3D map of the density profile of the object which can then be analyzed slice-by-slice in x, y, or z directions. The developed CIT scanner is based on a 200-kV x-ray source, flat-panel x-ray detector (FPD), and apodized x-ray imaging optics. The CIT technology is particularly well suited to the NDE of lightweight aerospace materials, such as the thermal protection system (TPS) ceramic and composite materials, micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) shielding, spacecraft pressure walls, inflatable habitat structures, composite overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs), and aluminum honeycomb materials. The current system provides 3D localization of defects and features with field of view 20x12x8 cm3 and spatial resolution ~2 mm. In this paper, we review several aerospace NDE applications of the CIT technology, with particular emphasis on TPS. Based on the analysis of the testing results, we provide recommendations for continued development on TPS applications that can benefit the most from the unique capabilities of this new NDE technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - COMPTON effect
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - X-ray imaging
KW  - COMPUTED tomography
N1  - Accession Number: 113073599; Burke, E. R. 1; Email Address: eric.r.burke@nasa.gov Grubsky, V. 2; Email Address: vgrubsky@poc.com Romanov, V. 2; Email Address: vromanov@poc.com Shoemaker, K. 2; Email Address: kshoemaker@poc.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: Physical Optics Corporation, 1845 W. 205th Street, Torrance, CA 90501; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 1706 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: COMPTON effect; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: X-ray imaging; Subject Term: COMPUTED tomography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4940577
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113073599&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burke, E. R.
AU  - DeHaven, S. L.
AU  - Williams, P. A.
T1  - Scintillating Quantum Dots for Imaging X-rays (SQDIX) for Aircraft Inspection.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2016/02/05/
VL  - 1706
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Scintillation is the process currently employed by conventional X-ray detectors to create X-ray images. Scintillating quantum dots (StQDs) or nano-crystals are novel, nanometer-scale materials that upon excitation by X-rays, re-emit the absorbed energy as visible light. StQDs theoretically have higher output efficiency than conventional scintillating materials and are more environmentally friendly. This paper will present the characterization of several critical elements in the use of StQDs that have been performed along a path to the use of this technology in wide spread X-ray imaging. Initial work on the scintillating quantum dots for imaging X-rays (SQDIX) system has shown great promise to create state-of-the-art sensors using StQDs as a sensor material. In addition, this work also demonstrates a high degree of promise using StQDs in microstructured fiber optics. Using the microstructured fiber as a light guide could greatly increase the capture efficiency of a StQDs based imaging sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - SCINTILLATORS
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Inspection
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - NANOCRYSTALS
N1  - Accession Number: 113073600; Burke, E. R. 1; Email Address: eric.r.burke@nasa.gov DeHaven, S. L. 1; Email Address: stanton.l.dehaven@nasa.gov Williams, P. A. 1; Email Address: phillip.a.williams@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 1706 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: SCINTILLATORS; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Inspection; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488190 Other Support Activities for Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 2 Color Photographs, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4940578
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113073600&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - DeHaven, S. L.
AU  - Williams, P. A.
AU  - Burke, E. R.
T1  - Quantum Dots Microstructured Optical Fiber for X-ray Detection.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2016/02/05/
VL  - 1706
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - A novel concept for the detection of x-rays with microstructured optical fibers containing quantum dots scintillation material comprised of zinc sulfide nanocrystals doped with magnesium sulfide is presented. These quantum dots are applied inside the microstructured optical fibers using capillary action. The x-ray photon counts of these fibers are compared to the output of a collimated CdTe solid state detector over an energy range from 10 to 40 keV. The results of the fiber light output and associated effects of an acrylate coating and the quantum dots application technique are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM dots
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - OPTICAL fibers
KW  - SCINTILLATORS
KW  - ZINC sulfide
N1  - Accession Number: 113073605; DeHaven, S. L. 1; Email Address: stanton.l.dehaven@nasa.gov Williams, P. A. 1; Email Address: phillip.a.williams@nasa.gov Burke, E. R. 1; Email Address: eric.r.burke@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 1706 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: OPTICAL fibers; Subject Term: SCINTILLATORS; Subject Term: ZINC sulfide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4940583
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113073605&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara A. C.
AU  - Seebo, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Juarez, Peter
T1  - Challenges of NDE Simulation Tool Validation, Optimization, and Utilization for Composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2016/02/05/
VL  - 1706
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Rapid, realistic nondestructive evaluation (NDE) simulation tools can aid in inspection optimization and prediction of inspectability for advanced aerospace materials and designs. NDE simulation tools may someday aid in the design and certification of aerospace components; potentially shortening the time from material development to implementation by industry and government. Furthermore, ultrasound modeling and simulation are expected to play a significant future role in validating the capabilities and limitations of guided wave based structural health monitoring (SHM) systems. The current state-of-the-art in ultrasonic NDE/SHM simulation is still far from the goal of rapidly simulating damage detection techniques for large scale, complex geometry composite components/vehicles containing realistic damage types. Ongoing work at NASA Langley Research Center is focused on advanced ultrasonic simulation tool development. This paper discusses challenges of simulation tool validation, optimization, and utilization for composites. Ongoing simulation tool development work is described along with examples of simulation validation and optimization challenges that are more broadly applicable to all NDE simulation tools. The paper will also discuss examples of simulation tool utilization at NASA to develop new damage characterization methods for composites, and associated challenges in experimentally validating those methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE materials
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 113073618; Leckey, Cara A. C. 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov Seebo, Jeffrey P. 2 Juarez, Peter 1; Affiliation:  1: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA  2: Analytical Mechanics Associates, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 1706 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AEROSPACE materials; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 4 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4940596
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113073618&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sammons, Daniel
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Burke, Eric
AU  - Ji, Shuiwang
T1  - Segmenting Delaminations in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite CT using Convolutional Neural Networks.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2016/02/05/
VL  - 1706
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) utilizes a variety of techniques to inspect various materials for defects without causing changes to the material. X-ray computed tomography (CT) produces large volumes of three dimensional image data. Using the task of identifying delaminations in carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite CT, this work shows that it is possible to automate the analysis of these large volumes of CT data using a machine learning model known as a convolutional neural network (CNN). Further, tests on simulated data sets show that with a robust set of experimental data, it may be possible to go beyond just identification and instead accurately characterize the size and shape of the delaminations with CNNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEGMENTATION (Image processing)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - POLYMERIC composites
KW  - COMPUTED tomography
KW  - NEURAL networks (Computer science)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
N1  - Accession Number: 113073607; Sammons, Daniel 1,2; Email Address: daniel.m.sammons@nasa.gov Winfree, William P. 1 Burke, Eric 1 Ji, Shuiwang 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681  2: Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 1706 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SEGMENTATION (Image processing); Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: POLYMERIC composites; Subject Term: COMPUTED tomography; Subject Term: NEURAL networks (Computer science); Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4940585
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113073607&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Cramer, K. Elliott
AU  - Zalameda, Joseph N.
AU  - Howell, Patricia A.
T1  - Numerical Simulations of Thermographic Responses in Composites.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2016/02/05/
VL  - 1706
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Numerical simulations of thermographic responses in composite materials have been useful for evaluating and optimizing thermographic analysis techniques. Numerical solutions are particularly beneficial for thermographic techniques, since the fabrication of specimens with realistic flaws is difficult. A quadrupole method for performing the simulations in two dimensions is presented. The results are compared to a finite element simulation of the same geometry. The technique is shown to be in good agreement with a finite element simulation of the same geometry, however, it requires about one hundredth of the computational time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROFABRICATION
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 113073619; Winfree, William P. 1; Email Address: william.p.winfree@nasa.gov Cramer, K. Elliott 2 Zalameda, Joseph N. 2 Howell, Patricia A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 225, Hampton, VA, 23681  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 231, Hampton, VA, 23681; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 1706 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MICROFABRICATION; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4940597
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113073619&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Masnovi, John
AU  - Clark, Eric B.
AU  - Hepp, Aloysius F.
AU  - Schupp, John D.
AU  - Fanwick, Philip E.
T1  - Preparation and structures of two mixed-ligand 4-methylpyridine indium bromide complexes.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Structure
JF  - Journal of Molecular Structure
Y1  - 2016/02/05/
VL  - 1105
M3  - Article
SP  - 415
EP  - 422
SN  - 00222860
AB  - We describe the structures of two indium complexes obtained during the attempted syntheses of solid-state materials precursors. The geometries of mer -InBr 3 (pic) 3 1 and [In( μ -OH)Br 2 (pic) 2 ·2pic] 2 2 (pic = 4-methylpyridine) are distorted octahedra about the metal atoms. Two molecules which differ mainly with respect to the relative orientation of the γ-picoline planes are present in the asymmetric unit of 1 , and a trans influence is observed for the ligands. Two indium atoms and two hydroxyl groups form a four atom ring in 2 , with the four bromine atoms not coplanar. A two-fold rotational symmetry axis is present with the two indium atoms occupying special positions. A trans influence is also observed. Two nonequivalent γ-picolines not coordinated to the metals are present, one of which forms a hydrogen bond to the hydroxyl group while the other exhibits no strong intermolecular associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Structure is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METHYLPYRIDINE
KW  - INDIUM bromides
KW  - METAL complexes
KW  - LIGANDS -- Molecular structure
KW  - MOLECULAR orientation
KW  - HYDROGEN bonding
KW  - INTERMOLECULAR interactions
KW  - Hydrogen bond
KW  - Indium bromides
KW  - Indium dimer
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Picoline
KW  - X-ray structures
N1  - Accession Number: 111168493; Masnovi, John 1; Email Address: j.masnovi@csuohio.edu Clark, Eric B. 2 Hepp, Aloysius F. 2; Email Address: Aloysius.F.Hepp@nasa.gov Schupp, John D. 3 Fanwick, Philip E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH 44115, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Tiffin University, Tiffin, OH 44883, USA  4: Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 1105, p415; Subject Term: METHYLPYRIDINE; Subject Term: INDIUM bromides; Subject Term: METAL complexes; Subject Term: LIGANDS -- Molecular structure; Subject Term: MOLECULAR orientation; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Subject Term: INTERMOLECULAR interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen bond; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indium bromides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indium dimer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Picoline; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-ray structures; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.10.049
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111168493&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evirgen, A.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Pons, J.
AU  - Santamarta, R.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Role of nano-precipitation on the microstructure and shape memory characteristics of a new Ni50.3Ti34.7Zr15 shape memory alloy.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2016/02/08/
VL  - 655
M3  - Article
SP  - 193
EP  - 203
SN  - 09215093
AB  - The microstructure and shape memory characteristics of the Ni 50.3 Ti 34.7 Zr 15 shape memory alloy were investigated as a function of aging heat treatments that result in nanometer to submicron size precipitates. Microstructure–property relationships were developed by characterizing samples using transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and load-biased thermal cycling experiments. The precipitate size was found to strongly influence the martensitic transformation–precipitate interactions and ultimately the shape memory characteristics of the alloy. Aging treatments resulting in relatively fine precipitates, which are not an obstacle to twin boundaries and easily bypassed by martensite variants, exhibited higher transformation strain, lower transformation thermal hysteresis, and better thermal and dimensional stability compared to samples with relatively large precipitates. When precipitate dimensions approached several hundred nanometers in size they acted as obstacles to martensite growth, limiting martensite variant and twin size resulting in reduced functional and structural properties. Aging heat treatments were also shown to result in a wide range of transformation temperatures, increasing them above 100 °C in some cases, and affected the stress dependence of the transformation hysteresis and the stress versus transformation temperature relationships for the Ni 50.3 Ti 34.7 Zr 15 alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - Martensitic transformation
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - NiTiZr
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 112472714; Evirgen, A. 1 Karaman, I. 1; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Pons, J. 2 Santamarta, R. 2 Noebe, R.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  2: Departament de Fisica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain  3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 655, p193; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiZr; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2015.12.076
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112472714&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Andrew W. Mann
AU  - Eric Gaidos
AU  - Gregory N. Mace
AU  - Marshall C. Johnson
AU  - Brendan P. Bowler
AU  - Daryll LaCourse
AU  - Thomas L. Jacobs
AU  - Andrew Vanderburg
AU  - Adam L. Kraus
AU  - Kyle F. Kaplan
AU  - Daniel T. Jaffe
T1  - ZODIACAL EXOPLANETS IN TIME (ZEIT). I. A NEPTUNE-SIZED PLANET ORBITING AN M4.5 DWARF IN THE HYADES STAR CLUSTER.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02/10/
VL  - 818
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Studying the properties of young planetary systems can shed light on how the dynamics and structure of planets evolve during their most formative years. Recent K2 observations of nearby young clusters (10–800 Myr) have facilitated the discovery of such planetary systems. Here we report the discovery of a Neptune-sized planet transiting an M4.5 dwarf (K2-25) in the Hyades cluster (650–800 Myr). The light curve shows a strong periodic signal at 1.88 days, which we attribute to spot coverage and rotation. We confirm that the planet host is a member of the Hyades by measuring the radial velocity of the system with the high-resolution near-infrared spectrograph Immersion Grating Infrared Spectrometer. This enables us to calculate a distance based on K2-25's kinematics and membership to the Hyades, which in turn provides a stellar radius and mass to ≃5%–10%, better than what is currently possible for most Kepler M dwarfs (12%–20%). We use the derived stellar density as a prior on fitting the K2 transit photometry, which provides weak constraints on eccentricity. Utilizing a combination of adaptive optics imaging and high-resolution spectra, we rule out the possibility that the signal is due to a bound or background eclipsing binary, confirming the transits’ planetary origin. K2-25b has a radius ( R⊕) much larger than older Kepler planets with similar orbital periods (3.485 days) and host-star masses (0.29 M⊙). This suggests that close-in planets lose some of their atmospheres past the first few hundred million years. Additional transiting planets around the Hyades, Pleiades, and Praesepe clusters from K2 will help confirm whether this planet is atypical or representative of other close-in planets of similar age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - COOL stars (Astronomy)
KW  - LOW mass stars
KW  - STAR clusters
KW  - ORBITS
N1  - Accession Number: 113055306; Andrew W. Mann 1,2; Email Address: amann@astro.as.utexas.edu Eric Gaidos 3,4 Gregory N. Mace 1 Marshall C. Johnson 1 Brendan P. Bowler 1,5,6 Daryll LaCourse 7 Thomas L. Jacobs 7 Andrew Vanderburg 8,9 Adam L. Kraus 1 Kyle F. Kaplan 1 Daniel T. Jaffe 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  2: Hubble Fellow.  3: Department of Geology & Geophysics, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  4: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  5: California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: McDonald Fellow.  7: Amateur Astronomer.  8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  9: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.; Source Info: 2/10/2016, Vol. 818 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: COOL stars (Astronomy); Subject Term: LOW mass stars; Subject Term: STAR clusters; Subject Term: ORBITS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/46
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113055306&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Erik A. Petigura
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Eric D. Lopez
AU  - Katherine M. Deck
AU  - Benjamin J. Fulton
AU  - Ian J. M. Crossfield
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Eugene Chiang
AU  - Eve J. Lee
AU  - Howard Isaacson
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Brad M. S. Hansen
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Evan Sinukoff
T1  - TWO TRANSITING LOW DENSITY SUB-SATURNS FROM K2.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02/10/
VL  - 818
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the discovery and confirmation of K2-24 b and c, two sub-Saturn planets orbiting a bright (V = 11.3), metal-rich ([Fe/H] = 0.42 ± 0.04 dex) G3 dwarf in the K2 Campaign 2 field. The planets are 5.68 ± 0.56 and 7.82 ± 0.72 and have orbital periods of 20.8851 ± 0.0003 days and 42.3633 ± 0.0006 days, near the 2:1 mean-motion resonance. We obtained 32 radial velocities with Keck/HIRES and detected the reflex motion due to K2-24 b and c. These planets have masses of 21.0 ± 5.4 and 27.0 ± 6.9 , respectively. With low densities of 0.63 ± 0.25 g cm−3 and 0.31 ± 0.12 g cm−3, respectively, the planets require thick envelopes of H/He to explain their large sizes and low masses. Interior structure models predict that the planets have fairly massive cores of and , respectively. They may have formed exterior to their present locations, accreted their H/He envelopes at large orbital distances, and migrated in as a resonant pair. The proximity to resonance, large transit depths, and host star brightness offers rich opportunities for TTV follow-up. Finally, the low surface gravities of the K2-24 planets make them favorable targets for transmission spectroscopy by Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer, and James Webb Space Telescope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Research
KW  - RADIAL velocity of galaxies
KW  - DWARF planets
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113055290; Erik A. Petigura 1,2; Email Address: petigura@caltech.edu Andrew W. Howard 3 Eric D. Lopez 4 Katherine M. Deck 1,5 Benjamin J. Fulton 3,6 Ian J. M. Crossfield 7,8 David R. Ciardi 9 Eugene Chiang 10,11 Eve J. Lee 10 Howard Isaacson 10 Charles A. Beichman 1 Brad M. S. Hansen 12 Joshua E. Schlieder 13,14 Evan Sinukoff 3; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  2: Hubble Fellow.  3: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI, USA  4: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh, EH9 3HJ, UK  5: California Institute of Technology, Joint Center for Planetary Astronomy Fellow.  6: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.  7: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, USA  8: NASA Sagan Fellow.  9: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA, USA  10: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA  11: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-4767, USA  12: Department of Physics & Astronomy and Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  13: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  14: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.; Source Info: 2/10/2016, Vol. 818 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Research; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of galaxies; Subject Term: DWARF planets; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/36
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113055290&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Andrew J. Skemer
AU  - Anne-Lise Maire
AU  - Silvano Desidera
AU  - Philip Hinz
AU  - Michael F. Skrutskie
AU  - Jarron Leisenring
AU  - Vanessa Bailey
AU  - Denis Defrère
AU  - Simone Esposito
AU  - Klaus G. Strassmeier
AU  - Michael Weber
AU  - Beth A. Biller
AU  - Mickaël Bonnefoy
AU  - Esther Buenzli
AU  - Laird M. Close
AU  - Justin R. Crepp
AU  - Josh A. Eisner
AU  - Karl-Heinz Hofmann
AU  - Thomas Henning
T1  - THE LEECH EXOPLANET IMAGING SURVEY: ORBIT AND COMPONENT MASSES OF THE INTERMEDIATE-AGE, LATE-TYPE BINARY NO UMa.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02/10/
VL  - 818
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present high-resolution Large Binocular Telescope LBTI/LMIRcam images of the spectroscopic and astrometric binary NO UMa obtained as part of the LBT Interferometer Exozodi Exoplanet Common Hunt exoplanet imaging survey. Our H-, Ks-, and L′-band observations resolve the system at angular separations <0.″09. The components exhibit significant orbital motion over a span of ∼7 months. We combine our imaging data with archival images, published speckle interferometry measurements, and existing spectroscopic velocity data to solve the full orbital solution and estimate component masses. The masses of the K2.0 ± 0.5 primary and K6.5 ± 0.5 secondary are 0.83 ± 0.02 M⊙ and 0.64 ± 0.02 M⊙, respectively. We also derive a system distance of d = 25.87 ± 0.02 pc and revise the Galactic kinematics of NO UMa. Our revised Galactic kinematics confirm NO UMa as a nuclear member of the ∼500 Myr old Ursa Major moving group, and it is thus a mass and age benchmark. We compare the masses of the NO UMa binary components to those predicted by five sets of stellar evolution models at the age of the Ursa Major group. We find excellent agreement between our measured masses and model predictions with little systematic scatter between the models. NO UMa joins the short list of nearby, bright, late-type binaries having known ages and fully characterized orbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SPECTROSCOPIC imaging
KW  - SPECKLE interferometry
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STELLAR masses
N1  - Accession Number: 113055221; Joshua E. Schlieder 1,2,3; Email Address: joshua.e.schlieder@nasa.gov Andrew J. Skemer 4 Anne-Lise Maire 5 Silvano Desidera 5 Philip Hinz 4 Michael F. Skrutskie 6 Jarron Leisenring 4 Vanessa Bailey 7 Denis Defrère 4 Simone Esposito 8 Klaus G. Strassmeier 9 Michael Weber 9 Beth A. Biller 2,10 Mickaël Bonnefoy 2,11 Esther Buenzli 2 Laird M. Close 4 Justin R. Crepp 12 Josh A. Eisner 4 Karl-Heinz Hofmann 13 Thomas Henning 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany  3: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  4: Steward Observatory, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, I-35122, Padova, Italy  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA  7: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  8: INAF—Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, I-50125, Firenze, Italy  9: Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482, Potsdam, Germany  10: Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  11: Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, 38000, Grenoble; CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France  12: Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, 225 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA  13: Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121, Bonn, Germany; Source Info: 2/10/2016, Vol. 818 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SPECTROSCOPIC imaging; Subject Term: SPECKLE interferometry; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113055221&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Ian J. M. Crossfield
AU  - Erik A. Petigura
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Kimberly M. Aller
AU  - Evan Sinukoff
AU  - Howard T. Isaacson
AU  - Benjamin J. Fulton
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Mickaël Bonnefoy
AU  - Carl Ziegler
AU  - Timothy D. Morton
AU  - Sébastien Lépine
AU  - Christian Obermeier
AU  - Michael C. Liu
AU  - Vanessa P. Bailey
AU  - Christoph Baranec
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Denis Defrère
AU  - Thomas Henning
T1  - TWO SMALL TEMPERATE PLANETS TRANSITING NEARBY M DWARFS IN K2 CAMPAIGNS 0 AND 1.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02/10/
VL  - 818
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The prime Kepler mission revealed that small planets (<4 ) are common, especially around low-mass M dwarfs. K2, the repurposed Kepler mission, continues this exploration of small planets around small stars. Here we combine K2 photometry with spectroscopy, adaptive optics imaging, and archival survey images to analyze two small planets orbiting the nearby field-age M dwarfs, K2-26 (EPIC 202083828) and K2-9. K2-26 is an dwarf at 93 ± 7 pc from K2 Campaign 0. We validate its planet with a day period of 14.5665 and estimate a radius of . K2-9 is an dwarf at 110 ± 12 pc from K2 Campaign 1. K2-9b was first identified by Montet et al.; here we present spectra and adaptive optics imaging of the host star and independently validate and characterize the planet. Our analyses indicate K2-9b is a planet with a 18.4498 day period. K2-26b exhibits a transit duration that is too long to be consistent with a circular orbit given its measured stellar radius. Thus, the long transits are likely due to the photoeccentric effect and our transit fits hint at an eccentric orbit. Both planets receive low incident flux from their host stars and have estimated equilibrium temperatures <500 K. K2-9b may receive approximately Earth-like insolation. However, its host star exhibits strong GALEX UV emission which could affect any atmosphere it harbors. K2-26b and K2-9b are representatives of a poorly studied class of small planets with cool temperatures that have radii intermediate to Earth and Neptune. Future study of these systems can provide key insight into trends in bulk composition and atmospheric properties at the transition from silicate dominated to volatile rich bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - DWARF planets
KW  - OPTICAL imaging sensors
N1  - Accession Number: 113055291; Joshua E. Schlieder 1,2,3; Email Address: joshua.e.schlieder@nasa.gov Ian J. M. Crossfield 4,5 Erik A. Petigura 6,7 Andrew W. Howard 8 Kimberly M. Aller 3,8 Evan Sinukoff 8 Howard T. Isaacson 9 Benjamin J. Fulton 8 David R. Ciardi 10 Mickaël Bonnefoy 11 Carl Ziegler 12 Timothy D. Morton 13 Sébastien Lépine 14 Christian Obermeier 15 Michael C. Liu 8 Vanessa P. Bailey 16 Christoph Baranec 17 Charles A. Beichman 10 Denis Defrère 18 Thomas Henning 15; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  3: Visiting Astronomer, NASA Infrared Telescope Facility.  4: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, USA  5: Sagan Fellow.  6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Hubble Fellow.  8: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI, USA  9: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA  10: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  11: Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, 38000, Grenoble, 38000, Grenoble; CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France  12: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA  13: Department of Astrophysics, Princeton University, Princeton NJ 08544, USA  14: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA  15: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg, Germany  16: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  17: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Hilo, HI 96720-2700, USA  18: Steward Observatory, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: 2/10/2016, Vol. 818 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: DWARF planets; Subject Term: OPTICAL imaging sensors; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/87
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113055291&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michael Endl
AU  - Erik J. Brugamyer
AU  - William D. Cochran
AU  - Phillip J. MacQueen
AU  - Paul Robertson
AU  - Stefano Meschiari
AU  - Ivan Ramirez
AU  - Matthew Shetrone
AU  - Kevin Gullikson
AU  - Marshall C. Johnson
AU  - Robert Wittenmyer
AU  - Jonathan Horner
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Elliott Horch
AU  - Attila E. Simon
AU  - Steve B. Howell
AU  - Mark Everett
AU  - Caroline Caldwell
AU  - Barbara G. Castanheira
T1  - TWO NEW LONG-PERIOD GIANT PLANETS FROM THE MCDONALD OBSERVATORY PLANET SEARCH AND TWO STARS WITH LONG-PERIOD RADIAL VELOCITY SIGNALS RELATED TO STELLAR ACTIVITY CYCLES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02/10/
VL  - 818
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the detection of two new long-period giant planets orbiting the stars HD 95872 and HD 162004 ( Dra B) by the McDonald Observatory planet search. The planet HD 95872b has a minimum mass of 4.6 and an orbital semimajor axis of 5.2 AU. The giant planet Dra Bb has a minimum mass of 1.5 and an orbital semimajor axis of 4.4 AU. Both of these planets qualify as Jupiter analogs. These results are based on over one and a half decades of precise radial velocity (RV) measurements collected by our program using the McDonald Observatory Tull Coude spectrograph at the 2.7 m Harlan J. Smith Telescope. In the case of Dra B we also detect a long-term nonlinear trend in our data that indicates the presence of an additional giant planet, similar to the Jupiter–Saturn pair. The primary of the binary star system, Dra A, exhibits a very large amplitude RV variation due to another stellar companion. We detect this additional member using speckle imaging. We also report two cases—HD 10086 and HD 102870 (β Virginis)—of significant RV variation consistent with the presence of a planet, but that are probably caused by stellar activity, rather than reflexive Keplerian motion. These two cases stress the importance of monitoring the magnetic activity level of a target star, as long-term activity cycles can mimic the presence of a Jupiter-analog planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - HOBBY-Eberly Telescope
N1  - Accession Number: 113055225; Michael Endl 1; Email Address: mike@astro.as.utexas.edu Erik J. Brugamyer 1 William D. Cochran 1 Phillip J. MacQueen 1 Paul Robertson 1,2,3 Stefano Meschiari 1 Ivan Ramirez 1 Matthew Shetrone 1 Kevin Gullikson 1 Marshall C. Johnson 1 Robert Wittenmyer 4 Jonathan Horner 5,6 David R. Ciardi 7 Elliott Horch 8 Attila E. Simon 9 Steve B. Howell 10 Mark Everett 11 Caroline Caldwell 12 Barbara G. Castanheira 13; Affiliation:  1: McDonald Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  2: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University.  3: NASA Sagan Fellow.  4: School of Physics and Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia  5: Computational Engineering and Science Research Centre, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia  6: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia  7: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute & Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent St., New Haven, CT 06515, USA  9: Physikalisches Institut, Center for Space and Habitability, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  12: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK  13: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Source Info: 2/10/2016, Vol. 818 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Company/Entity: HOBBY-Eberly Telescope; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/818/1/34
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113055225&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Labandeira, Conrad C.
AU  - Yang, Qiang
AU  - Santiago-Blay, Jorge A.
AU  - Hotton, Carol L.
AU  - Monteiro, Antónia
AU  - Wang, Yong-Jie
AU  - Goreva, Yulia
AU  - Shih, ChungKun
AU  - Siljeström, Sandra
AU  - Rose, Tim R.
AU  - Dilcher, David L.
AU  - Ren, Dong
T1  - The evolutionary convergence of mid-Mesozoic lacewings and Cenozoic butterflies.
JO  - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
JF  - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
Y1  - 2016/02/10/
VL  - 283
IS  - 1824
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 09628452
AB  - Mid-Mesozoic kalligrammatid lacewings (Neuroptera) entered the fossil record 165 million years ago (Ma) and disappeared 45 Ma later. Extant papilionoid butterflies (Lepidoptera) probably originated 80-70 Ma, long after kalligram-matids became extinct. Although poor preservation of kalligrammatid fossils previously prevented their detailed morphological and ecological characterization, we examine new, well-preserved, kalligrammatid fossils from Middle Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sites in northeastern China to unravel a surprising array of similar morphological and ecological features in these two, unrelated clades. We used polarized light and epifluorescence photography, SEM imaging, energy dispersive spectrometry and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to examine kalligrammatid fossils and their environment. We mapped the evolution of specific traits onto a kalligrammatid phylogeny and discovered that these extinct lacewings convergently evolved wing eyespots that possibly contained melanin, and wing scales, elongate tubular proboscides, similar feeding styles, and seed-plant associations, similar to butterflies. Long-proboscid kalligrammatid lacewings lived in ecosystems with gymnosperm-insect relationships and likely accessed bennettitalean pollination drops and pollen. This system later was replaced by mid-Cretaceous angiosperms and their insect pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is the property of Royal Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LACEWINGS
KW  - BUTTERFLIES
KW  - NEUROPTERA
KW  - PHYLOGENY
KW  - ECOSYSTEMS
KW  - angiosperms
KW  - gymnosperms
KW  - Kalligrammatidae
KW  - Papilionoidea
KW  - tubular proboscis
KW  - wing eyespots
N1  - Accession Number: 113460046; Labandeira, Conrad C. 1,2,3; Email Address: labandec@si.edu Yang, Qiang 1,4,5 Santiago-Blay, Jorge A. 2,6 Hotton, Carol L. 2,7 Monteiro, Antónia 8,9,10 Wang, Yong-Jie 1 Goreva, Yulia 11,12 Shih, ChungKun 1,2 Siljeström, Sandra 11,13,14 Rose, Tim R. 11 Dilcher, David L. 15 Ren, Dong 1; Email Address: rendong@mail.cnu.edu.cn; Affiliation:  1: College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China  2: Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA  3: Department of Entomology and BEES Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  4: State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Ecology and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China  5: Geoscience Museum, Shijiazhuang University of Economics, Shijiazhuang 050031, People's Republic of China  6: Department of Crop and Agroenvironmental Sciences, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681, USA  7: National Centre for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA  8: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  9: Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore  10: Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138614, Singapore  11: Department of Mineral Sciences, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20013, USA  12: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  13: Department of Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Borås 51115, Sweden  14: Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA  15: Departments of Geology and Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Source Info: 2/10/2016, Vol. 283 Issue 1824, p1; Subject Term: LACEWINGS; Subject Term: BUTTERFLIES; Subject Term: NEUROPTERA; Subject Term: PHYLOGENY; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: angiosperms; Author-Supplied Keyword: gymnosperms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalligrammatidae; Author-Supplied Keyword: Papilionoidea; Author-Supplied Keyword: tubular proboscis; Author-Supplied Keyword: wing eyespots; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 7136
L3  - 10.1098/rspb.2015.2893
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113460046&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pavlenko, Ya. V.
AU  - Kaminsky, B.
AU  - Rushton, M. T.
AU  - Evans, A.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
AU  - Helton, L. A.
AU  - O'Brien, T. J.
AU  - Jones, D.
AU  - Elkin, V.
T1  - Modelling the spectral energy distribution of the red giant in RS Ophiuchi: evidence for irradiation.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/02/11/
VL  - 456
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 191
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present an analysis of optical and infrared spectra of the recurrent nova RS Oph obtained during between 2006 and 2009. The best fit to the optical spectrum for 2006 September 28 gives Teff = 3900 K for log g = 2.0, while for log g = 0.0 we find Teff = 4700 K, and a comparison with template stellar spectra provides Teff ~ 4500 K. The observed spectral energy distribution (SED), and the intensities of the emission lines, vary on short (≲1 d) time-scales, due to disc variability. We invoke a simple one-component model for the accretion disc, and a model with a hot boundary layer, with high (~3.9 × 10-6?M⊙ yr-1) and low (~2 × 10-8?M&#8857;?yr-1) accretion rates, respectively. Fits to the accretion disc-extracted infrared spectrum (2008 July 15) yield effective temperatures for the red giant of Teff=3800±100 K log g = 2.0) and Teff=3700±100 K (log g = 0.0). Furthermore, using a more sophisticated approach, we reproduced the optical and infrared SEDs of the red giant in the RS Oph system with a two-component model atmosphere, in which 90 per cent of the surface has Teff = 3600 K and 10 per cent has Teff = 5000 K. Such structure could be due to irradiation of the red giant by the white dwarf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - RED giants
KW  - IRRADIATION
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - OPTICAL spectra
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - SPECTRAL lines
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - binaries: symbiotic
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: individual: RS Oph
N1  - Accession Number: 112325377; Pavlenko, Ya. V. 1,2; Email Address: yp@mao.kiev.ua Kaminsky, B. 1 Rushton, M. T. 3,4 Evans, A. 5 Woodward, C. E. 6 Helton, L. A. 6,7 O'Brien, T. J. 8 Jones, D. 9,10 Elkin, V. 3; Affiliation:  1: Main Astronomical Observatory, Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Golosiiv Woods, UA-03680 Kyiv-127, Ukraine  2: Center for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL10 9AB, UK  3: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, Lancashire PR1 2HE, UK  4: Astronomical Observatory of the Romanian Academy, Str. Cutitul de Argint 5, 040557 Bucharest, Romania  5: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  6: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, S. E., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  7: SOFIA Science Center, USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, M.S. 232-12, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Jodrell Bank Centre Astrophysics, The University of Manchester, UK  9: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  10: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain; Source Info: 2/11/2016, Vol. 456 Issue 1, p181; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: RED giants; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: OPTICAL spectra; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: SPECTRAL lines; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: symbiotic; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: RS Oph; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2546
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ciceri, S.
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Southworth, J.
AU  - Lendl, M.
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, J.
AU  - Brahm, R.
AU  - Chen, G.
AU  - D'Ago, G.
AU  - Dominik, M.
AU  - Jaimes, R. Figuera
AU  - Galianni, P.
AU  - Harpsøe, K.
AU  - Hinse, T. C.
AU  - Jørgensen, U. G.
AU  - Juncher, D.
AU  - Korhonen, H.
AU  - Liebig, C.
AU  - Rabus, M.
AU  - Bonomo, A. S.
AU  - Bott, K.
T1  - Physical properties of the planetary systems WASP-45 and WASP-46 from simultaneous multiband photometry.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/02/11/
VL  - 456
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 990
EP  - 1002
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Accurate measurements of the physical characteristics of a large number of exoplanets are useful to strongly constrain theoretical models of planet formation and evolution, which lead to the large variety of exoplanets and planetary-system configurations that have been observed. We present a study of the planetary systems WASP-45 and WASP-46, both composed of a main-sequence star and a close-in hot Jupiter, based on 29 new high-quality light curves of transits events. In particular, one transit of WASP-45 b and four of WASP-46 b were simultaneously observed in four optical filters, while one transit of WASP-46 b was observed with the NTT obtaining a precision of 0.30 mmag with a cadence of roughly 3 min. We also obtained five new spectra of WASP-45 with the FEROS spectrograph. We improved by a factor of 4 the measurement of the radius of the planet WASP-45 b, and found that WASP-46 b is slightly less massive and smaller than previously reported. Both planets now have a more accurate measurement of the density (0.959 ± 0.077 ρJup instead of 0.64 ± 0.30 ρJup for WASP-45 b, and 1.103 ± 0.052 ρJup instead of 0.94 ± 0.11 ρJup for WASP-46 b). We tentatively detected radius variations with wavelength for both planets, in particular in the case of WASP-45 b we found a slightly larger absorption in the redder bands than in the bluer ones. No hints for the presence of an additional planetary companion in the two systems were found either from the photometric or radial velocity measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - planets and satellites: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual: WASP-45
KW  - stars: individual: WASP-46
N1  - Accession Number: 112325439; Ciceri, S. 1; Email Address: ciceri@mpia.de Mancini, L. 1,2; Email Address: mancini@mpia.de Southworth, J. 3 Lendl, M. 4,5 Tregloan-Reed, J. 3,6 Brahm, R. 7,8 Chen, G. 9,10 D'Ago, G. 11,12,13 Dominik, M. 14 Jaimes, R. Figuera 13,15 Galianni, P. 13 Harpsøe, K. 16 Hinse, T. C. 17 Jørgensen, U. G. 15 Juncher, D. 15 Korhonen, H. 15,18 Liebig, C. 13 Rabus, M. 1,7 Bonomo, A. S. 2 Bott, K. 19,20; Affiliation:  1: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 - Heidelberg, Germany  2: INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 - Pino Torinese, Italy  3: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK  4: Austrian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute, Schmiedlstrasse 6, A-8042 Graz, Austria  5: Observatoire de Genève, Université de Genève, Chemin des maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 - Macul, Santiago, Chile  8: Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, 7820436 - Macul, Santiago, Chile  9: Key Laboratory of Planetary Sciences, Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China  10: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  11: International Institute for Advanced Scientific Studies (IIASS), Via G. Pellegrino 19, I-84019 - Vietri Sul Mare (SA), Italy  12: Department of Physics 'E. R. Caianiello', University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano (SA) - 84084  13: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, I-80126 Napoli, Italy  14: SUPA, University of St Andrews, School of Physics & Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY169SS, UK  15: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild Straße 2, D-85748 - Garching bei München, Germany  16: Niels Bohr Institute & Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5, DK-1350 - Copenhagen K, Denmark  17: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 305-348 Daejeon, Republic of Korea  18: Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA), University of Turku, Väisäläntie 20, FI-21500 Piikkiö, Finland  19: School of Physics, UNSW Australia, NSW 2052, Australia  20: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW Australia, NSW 2052, Australia; Source Info: 2/11/2016, Vol. 456 Issue 1, p990; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP-45; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP-46; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2698
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112325439&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zivan, Ohad
AU  - Segal-Rosenheimer, Michal
AU  - Dubowski, Yael
T1  - Airborne organophosphate pesticides drift in Mediterranean climate: The importance of secondary drift.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 127
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 162
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Pesticide application is a short-term air-pollution episode with near and far field effects due to atmospheric drift. In order to better evaluate resulting air concentrations in nearby communities following pesticide application, measurements of airborne pesticides were conducted at ∼70 m from field edge. This was done following three different application events of the organophosphate pesticide Chlorpyrifos in a persimmon orchard. Complementary information on larger spatial scale was obtained using CALPUFF modeling in which application and meteorological data was used to better evaluate dispersion patterns. Measurements indicated high airborne concentrations during application hours (few μg m −3 for 8 h average), which dropped to tens of ng m −3 in the following days. Measured atmospheric concentrations show that secondary drift (i.e., post-application drift) involves significant loads of pesticides and hence should not be ignored in exposure considerations. Furthermore, CALPUFF modeling revealed the complex dispersion pattern when weak winds prevailed, and showed that during the 24 h after application air concentrations reached levels above the hourly Texas effect screening level (0.1 μg m −3 ). Interestingly, weak winds on the night after application resulted in a secondary peak in measured and modeled air concentrations. Long exposure time (when secondary drift is considered) and concentrations measured following such common air-assisted orchard application, suggest pesticide drift may have health repercussions that are currently unknown, and emphasize the need for further epidemiological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHOLINESTERASES
KW  - MEDITERRANEAN climate
KW  - HUMIDITY
KW  - CHLORPYRIFOS
KW  - URETHANE foam
KW  - Airborne pesticides measurements
KW  - CALPUFF
KW  - Chlorpyrifos
KW  - CP Chlorpyrifos
KW  - CPO Chlorpyrifos oxon
KW  - DDVP Dichlorvos
KW  - ESL Effect screening level
KW  - LPM Liters per minute
KW  - Pesticide drift
KW  - PUF Polyurethane foam
KW  - RH Relative humidity
KW  - Secondary drift
KW  - VP Vapor pressure
N1  - Accession Number: 112197341; Zivan, Ohad 1; Email Address: zivan@campus.technion.ac.il Segal-Rosenheimer, Michal 2; Email Address: michal.segalrozenhaimer@nasa.gov Dubowski, Yael 1; Email Address: yaeld@technion.ac.il; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel  2: Sunphotometer-Satellite Group, NASA Ames Research Center, Bldg, 245, Rm. 280-S Moffett Field, CA, 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 127, p155; Subject Term: CHOLINESTERASES; Subject Term: MEDITERRANEAN climate; Subject Term: HUMIDITY; Subject Term: CHLORPYRIFOS; Subject Term: URETHANE foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Airborne pesticides measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: CALPUFF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorpyrifos; Author-Supplied Keyword: CP Chlorpyrifos; Author-Supplied Keyword: CPO Chlorpyrifos oxon; Author-Supplied Keyword: DDVP Dichlorvos; Author-Supplied Keyword: ESL Effect screening level; Author-Supplied Keyword: LPM Liters per minute; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pesticide drift; Author-Supplied Keyword: PUF Polyurethane foam; Author-Supplied Keyword: RH Relative humidity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Secondary drift; Author-Supplied Keyword: VP Vapor pressure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326150 Urethane and Other Foam Product (except Polystyrene) Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112197341&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yates, E.L.
AU  - Iraci, L.T.
AU  - Singh, H.B.
AU  - Tanaka, T.
AU  - Roby, M.C.
AU  - Hamill, P.
AU  - Clements, C.B.
AU  - Lareau, N.
AU  - Contezac, J.
AU  - Blake, D.R.
AU  - Simpson, I.J.
AU  - Wisthaler, A.
AU  - Mikoviny, T.
AU  - Diskin, G.S.
AU  - Beyersdorf, A.J.
AU  - Choi, Y.
AU  - Ryerson, T.B.
AU  - Jimenez, J.L.
AU  - Campuzano-Jost, P.
AU  - Loewenstein, M.
T1  - Airborne measurements and emission estimates of greenhouse gases and other trace constituents from the 2013 California Yosemite Rim wildfire.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 127
M3  - Article
SP  - 293
EP  - 302
SN  - 13522310
AB  - This paper presents airborne measurements of multiple atmospheric trace constituents including greenhouse gases (such as CO 2 , CH 4 , O 3 ) and biomass burning tracers (such as CO, CH 3 CN) downwind of an exceptionally large wildfire. In summer 2013, the Rim wildfire, ignited just west of the Yosemite National Park, California, and burned over 250,000 acres of the forest during the 2-month period (17 August to 24 October) before it was extinguished. The Rim wildfire plume was intercepted by flights carried out by the NASA Ames Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) on 29 August and the NASA DC-8, as part of SEAC 4 RS (Studies of Emissions, Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys), on 26 and 27 August during its intense, primary burning period. AJAX revisited the wildfire on 10 September when the conditions were increasingly smoldering, with slower growth. The more extensive payload of the DC-8 helped to bridge key measurements that were not available as part of AJAX (e. g. CO). Data analyses are presented in terms of emission ratios (ER), emission factors (EF) and combustion efficiency and are compared with previous wildfire studies. ERs were 8.0 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 on 26 August, 6.5 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 on 29 August and 18.3 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 on 10 September 2013. The increase in CH 4 ER from 6.5 to 8.0 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 during the primary burning period to 18.3 ppb CH 4 (ppm CO 2 ) −1 during the fire's slower growth period likely indicates enhanced CH 4 emissions from increased smoldering combustion relative to flaming combustion. Given the magnitude of the Rim wildfire, the impacts it had on regional air quality and the limited sampling of wildfire emissions in the western United States to date, this study provides a valuable dataset to support forestry and regional air quality management, including observations of ERs of a wide number of species from the Rim wildfire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - WILDFIRES
KW  - FLAME
KW  - Emission factors
KW  - Enhancement ratios
KW  - Trace gases
KW  - Western US
KW  - Wildfire
N1  - Accession Number: 112197337; Yates, E.L. 1; Email Address: emma.l.yates@nasa.gov Iraci, L.T. 1 Singh, H.B. 1 Tanaka, T. 1 Roby, M.C. 1,2 Hamill, P. 2 Clements, C.B. 2 Lareau, N. 2 Contezac, J. 2 Blake, D.R. 3 Simpson, I.J. 3 Wisthaler, A. 4,5 Mikoviny, T. 5 Diskin, G.S. 6 Beyersdorf, A.J. 6 Choi, Y. 6,7 Ryerson, T.B. 8 Jimenez, J.L. 9 Campuzano-Jost, P. 9 Loewenstein, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: San José State University, San José, CA, USA  3: UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA  4: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria  5: Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Norway  6: NASA Langley, Hampton, VA, USA  7: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  8: NOAA ESRL Boulder, CO, USA  9: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 127, p293; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: WILDFIRES; Subject Term: FLAME; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emission factors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enhancement ratios; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trace gases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Western US; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112197337&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, W. Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Sears, Derek
AU  - Coates, John D.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Brundrett, Maeghan
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Böhlke, J.K.
T1  - Corrigendum to “Widespread occurrence of (per)chlorate in the Solar System” [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 430 (2015) 470–476].
JO  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
JF  - Earth & Planetary Science Letters
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 436
M3  - Article
SP  - 142
EP  - 143
SN  - 0012821X
KW  - ERRATA (Publishing)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - CHLORATES
KW  - PERIODICALS -- Articles
KW  - PERIODICAL publishing
KW  - PUBLISHERS & publishing
KW  - GEOLOGY periodicals
N1  - Accession Number: 112346570; Jackson, W. Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.jackson@ttu.edu Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3 Sears, Derek 3,4 Coates, John D. 5 McKay, Christopher P. 3 Brundrett, Maeghan 1 Estrada, Nubia 1 Böhlke, J.K. 6; Affiliation:  1: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-1023, USA  2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 436, p142; Subject Term: ERRATA (Publishing); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: CHLORATES; Subject Term: PERIODICALS -- Articles; Subject Term: PERIODICAL publishing; Subject Term: PUBLISHERS & publishing; Subject Term: GEOLOGY periodicals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511120 Periodical Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511130 Book Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.12.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112346570&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Awerbuch, Jonathan
AU  - Leone, Frank A.
AU  - Ozevin, Didem
AU  - Tan, Tein-Min
T1  - On the applicability of acoustic emission to identify modes of damage in full-scale composite fuselage structures.
JO  - Journal of Composite Materials
JF  - Journal of Composite Materials
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 50
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 447
EP  - 469
SN  - 00219983
AB  - The acoustic emission method was applied during the testing of six full-scale sandwich composite aircraft fuselage panels containing through-the-thickness notches. The panels were subjected to different combinations of quasi-static internal pressure, the corresponding hoop loads, and longitudinal loads. The applicability of conventional acoustic emission signal feature analysis to identify the dominant modes of failure and extraneous emission in large composite structures was investigated. It was concluded that no clear distinction could be made among the different failure mechanisms based on the conventional acoustic emission signal features alone. Further, emission generated by fretting, either among fracture surfaces or of loading fixtures, has acoustic emission signal waveform features that are similar to those of damage-generated emission signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Composite Materials is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - QUASISTATIC processes
KW  - FRETTING corrosion
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - POLYMERS -- Research
KW  - Acoustic emission
KW  - full-scale testing
KW  - polymer-matrix composites
N1  - Accession Number: 112747956; Awerbuch, Jonathan 1 Leone, Frank A. 2; Email Address: frank.a.leone@nasa.gov Ozevin, Didem 3 Tan, Tein-Min 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 50 Issue 4, p447; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: QUASISTATIC processes; Subject Term: FRETTING corrosion; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: POLYMERS -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Acoustic emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: full-scale testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: polymer-matrix composites; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 11328
L3  - 10.1177/0021998315576379
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112747956&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kotov, D.V.
AU  - Yee, H.C.
AU  - Wray, A.A.
AU  - Sjögreen, B.
AU  - Kritsuk, A.G.
T1  - Numerical dissipation control in high order shock-capturing schemes for LES of low speed flows.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2016/02/15/
VL  - 307
M3  - Article
SP  - 189
EP  - 202
SN  - 00219991
AB  - The Yee & Sjögreen adaptive numerical dissipation control in high order scheme (High Order Filter Methods for Wide Range of Compressible Flow Speeds, ICOSAHOM 09, 2009) is further improved for DNS and LES of shock-free turbulence and low speed turbulence with shocklets. There are vastly different requirements in the minimization of numerical dissipation for accurate turbulence simulations of different compressible flow types and flow speeds. Traditionally, the method of choice for shock-free turbulence and low speed turbulence are by spectral, high order central or high order compact schemes with high order linear filters. With a proper control of a local flow sensor, appropriate amount of numerical dissipation in high order shock-capturing schemes can have spectral-like accuracy for compressible low speed turbulent flows. The development of the method includes an adaptive flow sensor with automatic selection on the amount of numerical dissipation needed at each flow location for more accurate DNS and LES simulations with less tuning of parameters for flows with a wide range of flow speed regime during the time-accurate evolution, e.g., time varying random forcing. An automatic selection of the different flow sensors catered to the different flow types is constructed. A Mach curve and high-frequency oscillation indicators are used to reduce the tuning of parameters in controlling the amount of shock-capturing numerical dissipation to be employed for shock-free turbulence, low speed turbulence and turbulence with strong shocks. In Kotov et al. (High Order Numerical Methods for LES of Turbulent Flows with Shocks, ICCFD8, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, July 14–18, 2014) the LES of a turbulent flow with a strong shock by the Yee & Sjögreen scheme indicated a good agreement with the filtered DNS data. A work in progress for the application of the adaptive flow sensor for compressible turbulence with time-varying random forcing is forthcoming. The present study examines the versatility of the Yee & Sjögreen scheme for DNS and LES of traditional low speed flows without forcing. Special attention is focused on the accuracy performance of this scheme using the Smagorinsky and the Germano–Lilly SGS models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - FLUID velocity measurements
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - DNS
KW  - Flow sensors
KW  - High order shock-capturing methods
KW  - LES
KW  - Low speed turbulence
KW  - Numerical dissipation control
KW  - Shock free turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 112311322; Kotov, D.V. 1; Email Address: dmitry.v.kotov@nasa.gov Yee, H.C. 2; Email Address: helen.m.yee@nasa.gov Wray, A.A. 2; Email Address: Alan.A.Wray@nasa.gov Sjögreen, B. 3; Email Address: sjogreen2@llnl.gov Kritsuk, A.G. 4; Email Address: akritsuk@ucsd.edu; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St. Ste 209 Petaluma, CA 94952, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Box 808, L-422, Livermore, CA 94551-0808, United States  4: University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, United States; Source Info: Feb2016, Vol. 307, p189; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: FLUID velocity measurements; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order shock-capturing methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: LES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low speed turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical dissipation control; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock free turbulence; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2015.11.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - French, Jason E.
AU  - Blake, David F.
T1  - Discovery of Naturally Etched Fission Tracks and Alpha-Recoil Tracks in Submarine Glasses: Reevaluation of a Putative Biosignature for Earth and Mars.
JO  - International Journal of Geophysics
JF  - International Journal of Geophysics
Y1  - 2016/02/17/
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 50
SN  - 1687885X
AB  - Over the last two decades, conspicuously “biogenic-looking” corrosion microtextures have been found to occur globally within volcanic glass of the in situ oceanic crust, ophiolites, and greenstone belts dating back to ~3.5 Ga. These so-called “tubular” and “granular” microtextures are widely interpreted to represent bona fide microbial trace fossils; however, possible nonbiological origins for these complex alteration microtextures have yet to be explored. Here, we reevaluate the origin of these enigmatic microtextures from a strictly nonbiological standpoint, using a case study on submarine glasses from the western North Atlantic Ocean (DSDP 418A). By combining petrographic and SEM observations of corrosion microtextures at the glass-palagonite interface, considerations of the tectonic setting, measurement of U and Th concentrations of fresh basaltic glass by ICP-MS, and theoretical modelling of the present-day distribution of radiation damage in basaltic glass caused by radioactive decay of U and Th, we reinterpret these enigmatic microtextures as the end product of the preferential corrosion/dissolution of radiation damage (alpha-recoil tracks and fission tracks) in the glass by seawater, possibly combined with pressure solution etch-tunnelling. Our findings have important implications for geomicrobiology, astrobiological exploration of Mars, and understanding of the long-term breakdown of nuclear waste glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Geophysics is the property of Hindawi Publishing Corporation and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FISSION track dating
KW  - BIOSIGNATURES (Origin of life)
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - OBSIDIAN
KW  - OPHIOLITES
KW  - TRACE fossils
N1  - Accession Number: 113628179; French, Jason E. 1 Blake, David F. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, 1-26 Earth Science Building, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E3  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Exobiology Branch, MS 239-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2/17/2016, p1; Subject Term: FISSION track dating; Subject Term: BIOSIGNATURES (Origin of life); Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: OBSIDIAN; Subject Term: OPHIOLITES; Subject Term: TRACE fossils; Number of Pages: 50p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1155/2016/2410573
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113628179&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paul R. Estrada
AU  - Jeffrey N. Cuzzi
AU  - Demitri A. Morgan
T1  - GLOBAL MODELING OF NEBULAE WITH PARTICLE GROWTH, DRIFT, AND EVAPORATION FRONTS. I. METHODOLOGY AND TYPICAL RESULTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02/20/
VL  - 818
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We model particle growth in a turbulent, viscously evolving protoplanetary nebula, incorporating sticking, bouncing, fragmentation, and mass transfer at high speeds. We treat small particles using a moments method and large particles using a traditional histogram binning, including a probability distribution function of collisional velocities. The fragmentation strength of the particles depends on their composition (icy aggregates are stronger than silicate aggregates). The particle opacity, which controls the nebula thermal structure, evolves as particles grow and mass redistributes. While growing, particles drift radially due to nebula headwind drag. Particles of different compositions evaporate at “evaporation fronts” (EFs) where the midplane temperature exceeds their respective evaporation temperatures. We track the vapor and solid phases of each component, accounting for advection and radial and vertical diffusion. We present characteristic results in evolutions lasting 2 × 105 years. In general, (1) mass is transferred from the outer to the inner nebula in significant amounts, creating radial concentrations of solids at EFs; (2) particle sizes are limited by a combination of fragmentation, bouncing, and drift; (3) “lucky” large particles never represent a significant amount of mass; and (4) restricted radial zones just outside each EF become compositionally enriched in the associated volatiles. We point out implications for millimeter to submillimeter SEDs and the inference of nebula mass, radial banding, the role of opacity on new mechanisms for generating turbulence, the enrichment of meteorites in heavy oxygen isotopes, variable and nonsolar redox conditions, the primary accretion of silicate and icy planetesimals, and the makeup of Jupiter’s core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEBULAR hypothesis
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - DISCOURSE analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 113237045; Paul R. Estrada 1; Email Address: Paul.R.Estrada@nasa.gov Jeffrey N. Cuzzi 2 Demitri A. Morgan 3; Affiliation:  1: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Avenue # 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: Ames Research Center, NASA; Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/20/2016, Vol. 818 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: NEBULAR hypothesis; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: DISCOURSE analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/200
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113237045&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yifan Zhou
AU  - Dániel Apai
AU  - Glenn H Schneider
AU  - Mark S. Marley
AU  - Adam P. Showman
T1  - DISCOVERY OF ROTATIONAL MODULATIONS IN THE PLANETARY-MASS COMPANION 2M1207b: INTERMEDIATE ROTATION PERIOD AND HETEROGENEOUS CLOUDS IN A LOW GRAVITY ATMOSPHERE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/02/20/
VL  - 818
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Rotational modulations of brown dwarfs have recently provided powerful constraints on the properties of ultra-cool atmospheres, including longitudinal and vertical cloud structures and cloud evolution. Furthermore, periodic light curves directly probe the rotational periods of ultra-cool objects. We present here, for the first time, time-resolved high-precision photometric measurements of a planetary-mass companion, 2M1207b. We observed the binary system with Hubble Space Telescope/Wide Field Camera 3 in two bands and with two spacecraft roll angles. Using point-spread function-based photometry, we reach a nearly photon-noise limited accuracy for both the primary and the secondary. While the primary is consistent with a flat light curve, the secondary shows modulations that are clearly detected in the combined light curve as well as in different subsets of the data. The amplitudes are 1.36% in the F125W and 0.78% in the F160W filters, respectively. By fitting sine waves to the light curves, we find a consistent period of hr and similar phases in both bands. The J- and H-band amplitude ratio of 2M1207b is very similar to a field brown dwarf that has identical spectral type but different J–H color. Importantly, our study also measures, for the first time, the rotation period for a directly imaged extra-solar planetary-mass companion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Masses
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - LIGHT sources
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 113236980; Yifan Zhou 1; Email Address: yifzhou@email.arizona.edu Dániel Apai 1,2,3 Glenn H Schneider 1 Mark S. Marley 4 Adam P. Showman 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA  2: Department of Planetary Science/Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, 1640 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85718, USA  3: Earths in Other Solar Systems Team, NASA Nexus for Exoplanet System Science, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Naval Air Station, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2/20/2016, Vol. 818 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Masses; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: LIGHT sources; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/818/2/176
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113236980&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayak, Michael
AU  - Mauro, David
AU  - Stupl, Jan
AU  - Aziz, Jonathan
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Dono-Perez, Andres
AU  - Frost, Chad
AU  - Jonsson, Jonas
AU  - McKay, Chris
AU  - Sears, Derek
AU  - Soulage, Michael
AU  - Swenson, Jason
AU  - Yang, Fan Yang
T1  - The Plume Chaser mission: Two-spacecraft search for organics on the dwarf planet Ceres.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 57
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1133
EP  - 1146
SN  - 02731177
AB  - We present a mission concept designed at NASA Ames Research Center for a two-probe mission to the dwarf planet Ceres, utilizing a set of small low-cost spacecraft. The primary spacecraft will carry both a mass and an infrared spectrometer to characterize water vapor detected to be emanating from Ceres. Shortly after its arrival a second identical spacecraft will impact Ceres to create an ejecta “plume” timed to enable a rendezvous and sampling by the primary spacecraft. This enables additional subsurface chemistry, volatile content and material characterization, and new science complementary to the Dawn spacecraft, the first to arrive at Ceres. Science requirements, candidate instruments, rendezvous trajectories, spacecraft design and comparison with Dawn science are detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - IR spectrometers
KW  - DWARF planets
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - Ceres
KW  - NASA Ames
KW  - Organic compounds
KW  - Plumes
KW  - Satellite
KW  - Solar propulsion
N1  - Accession Number: 112947691; Nayak, Michael 1,2,3; Email Address: mnayak@ucsc.edu Mauro, David 1,4 Stupl, Jan 1,4 Aziz, Jonathan 1,5 Colaprete, Anthony 1 Dono-Perez, Andres 1,6 Frost, Chad 1 Jonsson, Jonas 1,4 McKay, Chris 1 Sears, Derek 1,7 Soulage, Michael 1,4 Swenson, Jason 1,6 Yang, Fan Yang 1,8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, United States  2: University of California at Santa Cruz, United States  3: Red Sky Research, LLC, United States  4: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Inc., United States  5: University of Colorado at Boulder, United States  6: Universities Space Research Association, United States  7: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, United States  8: Science and Technology Corporation, United States; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 57 Issue 5, p1133; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: IR spectrometers; Subject Term: DWARF planets; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceres; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA Ames; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organic compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plumes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar propulsion; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2015.12.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112947691&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bushnell, Dennis M.
AU  - Moses, Robert W.
T1  - FRESH THINKING.
JO  - Aerospace America
JF  - Aerospace America
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 39
SN  - 0740722X
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SPACE tourism
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - ASTRONAUTICS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 114324270; Bushnell, Dennis M. 1; Email Address: dennis.m.bushnell@nasa.gov Moses, Robert W. 2; Email Address: robert.w.moses@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Chief scientist at NASA's Langley Research Center in Virginia  2: Aerospace engineer at Langley specializing in developing systems and technologies to enable mission capabilities; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p34; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE tourism; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTICS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114324270&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benedict, Moble
AU  - Lakshminarayan, Vinod
AU  - Pino, Johnathan
AU  - Chopra, Inderjit
T1  - Aerodynamics of a Small-Scale Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine with Dynamic Blade Pitching.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 924
EP  - 935
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper describes the systematic experimental and computational studies performed to investigate the performance of a small-scale vertical-axis wind turbine using dynamic blade pitching. A vertical-axis wind turbine prototype with a simplified blade pitch mechanism was designed, built, and tested in the wind tunnel to understand the role of pitch kinematics in turbine aerodynamic efficiency. A computational fluid dynamics model was developed, and the model predictions correlated well with test data. Both experimental and computational fluid dynamics studies showed that the turbine efficiency is a strong function of blade pitching amplitude, with the highest efficiency occurring around ±20 to ±25 deg amplitude. The optimum tip-speed ratio depends on the blade pitch kinematics, and it decreases with increasing pitch amplitude for the symmetric blade pitching case. A computational fluid dynamics analysis showed that the blade extracted all the power in the frontal half of the circular trajectory; however, it lost power into the flow in the rear half: one key reason for this being the large virtual camber and incidence induced by the flow curvature effects, which slightly enhanced the power extraction in the frontal half but increased the power loss in the rear half. The maximum achievable CP of the turbine increased with higher Reynolds numbers; however, the fundamental flow physics remained relatively the same, irrespective of the operating Reynolds number. This study clearly indicates the potential for major improvements in vertical-axis wind turbine performance with novel blade kinematics, a lower chord/radius ratio, and using cambered blades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WIND turbines -- Blades
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - PROTOTYPES
N1  - Accession Number: 114399323; Benedict, Moble 1 Lakshminarayan, Vinod 2 Pino, Johnathan 3 Chopra, Inderjit 3; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p924; Subject Term: WIND turbines -- Blades; Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J052979
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114399323&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chan-gi Pak
T1  - Wing Shape Sensing from Measured Strain.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1068
EP  - 1077
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A new two-step theory is investigated for predicting the deflection and slope of an entire structure using measured strain at discrete locations. In the first step, a measured strain is fitted using a piecewise least-squares curve fitting method together with the cubic spline technique. These fitted strains are integrated twice to obtain deflection data along the optical fibers. In the second step, computed deflection along the optical fibers is combined with a finite-element model of the structure in order to interpolate and extrapolate the deflection and slope of the entire structure through the use of the System Equivalent Reduction and Expansion Process. The theory is first validated on a computational model, a cantilevered rectangular plate wing. The theory is then applied to test data from a cantilevered swept-plate wing model. Computed results are compared with finite-element results, results using another strain-based method, and photogrammetry data. In general, excellent matching between the target and computed values are accomplished in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - CURVE fitting
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering)
KW  - PHOTOGRAMMETRY
N1  - Accession Number: 114399333; Chan-gi Pak 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards, California 93523-0273; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p1068; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: CURVE fitting; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL analysis (Engineering); Subject Term: PHOTOGRAMMETRY; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J053986
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114399333&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scholten, William D.
AU  - Hartl, Darren J.
AU  - Turner, Travis L.
AU  - Kidd, Reggie T.
T1  - Development and Analysis-Driven Optimization of Superelastic Slat-Cove Fillers for Airframe Noise Reduction.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1078
EP  - 1094
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Airframe noise constitutes a significant component of the total noise generated by transport aircraft during low-speed maneuvers, such as approach and landing; the leading-edge slat is a major source. Previous work has shown that the noise produced by the slat can be mitigated through the use of a slat-cove filler. Results from the initial prototype testing led to slat-cove filler concepts that incorporated a segmented structure and superelastic shape-memory alloy materials. A finite-element analysis model, based on the physical prototypes (with a shape profile optimized for maximum noise reduction), was created and used to analyze the slat-cove filler response to aerodynamic and slat retraction loads with the goal of optimization. The objective was minimization of the actuation force needed to retract the slat/slat-cove filler assembly subject to constraints that involved aeroelastic deflection of the slat-cove filler when deployed, maximum stress in the shape-memory alloy flexures, and the required ability of the slat-cove filler to deploy autonomously during slat deployment. The design variables considered included shape-memory alloy flexure thicknesses and lengths of various slat-cove filler components. Design of experiment studies were conducted and used to guide the subsequent optimization. From the optimization, it was found that a monolithic shape-memory alloy slat-cove filler minimized the actuation force while satisfying design constraints, which was consistent with prototype testing results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRANSPORT planes
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - AIRFRAMES
KW  - NOISE control
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - FILLERS (Materials)
N1  - Accession Number: 114399334; Scholten, William D. 1 Hartl, Darren J. 1 Turner, Travis L. 2 Kidd, Reggie T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3141  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  3: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p1078; Subject Term: TRANSPORT planes; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: AIRFRAMES; Subject Term: NOISE control; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: FILLERS (Materials); NAICS/Industry Codes: 481112 Scheduled Freight Air Transportation; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koklu, Mehti
T1  - Effect of a Coanda Extension on the Performance of a Sweeping-Jet Actuator.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 54
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1134
SN  - 00011452
KW  - COANDA effect
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - ACTUATORS
KW  - BOUNDARY layer equations
KW  - ELECTROMECHANICAL effects
N1  - Accession Number: 114399339; Koklu, Mehti 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 54 Issue 3, p1131; Subject Term: COANDA effect; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: ACTUATORS; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer equations; Subject Term: ELECTROMECHANICAL effects; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333995 Fluid Power Cylinder and Actuator Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054448
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Nurge, Mark A.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
AU  - Leve, Frederick A.
AU  - Peck, Mason
T1  - A slowly rotating hollow sphere in a magnetic field: First steps to de-spin a space object.
JO  - American Journal of Physics
JF  - American Journal of Physics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 84
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 191
SN  - 00029505
AB  - Modeling the interaction of a slowly rotating hollow conducting sphere in a magnetic field provided an understanding of the dynamics of orbiting space objects moving through the Earth's magnetic field. This analysis, performed in the late 1950s and limited to uniform magnetic fields, was innovative and acknowledged the pioneers who first observed rotary magnetism, in particular, the seminal work of Hertz in 1880. Now, there is interest in using a magnetic field produced by one space object to stop the spin of a second object so that docking can occur. In this paper, we consider, yet again, the interaction of a rotating hollow sphere in a magnetic field. We show that the predicted results can be tested experimentally, making this an interesting advanced student project. This analysis also sheds light on a rich set of previously unaddressed behaviors involving eddy currents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physics is the property of American Association of Physics Teachers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EDDY current testing
KW  - GEOMAGNETISM
KW  - MAXWELL equations
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Docking
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
KW  - ORBIT
N1  - Accession Number: 113223917; Youngquist, Robert C. 1; Email Address: Robert.C.Yougquist@nasa.gov Nurge, Mark A. 1; Email Address: Mark.A.Nurge@nasa.gov Starr, Stanley O. 1; Email Address: Stanley.O.Starr@nasa.gov Leve, Frederick A. 2; Email Address: frederick.leve@us.af.mil Peck, Mason 3; Email Address: mp336@cornell.edu; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Mail Code: UBR3, Kennedy Space Center, Florida 32899  2: Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland Air Force Base, New Mexico 87117  3: 208 Upson Hall, Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 124 Hoy Road, Ithaca, New York 14853; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 84 Issue 3, p181; Subject Term: EDDY current testing; Subject Term: GEOMAGNETISM; Subject Term: MAXWELL equations; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Docking; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Subject Term: ORBIT; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1119/1.4936633
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D. J. Stock
AU  - W. D.-Y. Choi
AU  - L. G. V. Moya
AU  - J. N. Otaguro
AU  - S. Sorkhou
AU  - L. J. Allamandola
AU  - A. G. G. M. Tielens
AU  - E. Peeters
T1  - POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBON EMISSION IN SPITZER/IRS MAPS. I. CATALOG AND SIMPLE DIAGNOSTICS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03//3/1/2016
VL  - 819
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a sample of resolved galactic H ii regions and photodissociation regions (PDRs) observed with the Spitzer infrared spectrograph in spectral mapping mode between the wavelengths of 5–15 μm. For each object we have spectral maps at a spatial resolution of ∼4″ in which we have measured all of the mid-infrared emission and absorption features. These include the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission bands, primarily at 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, 11.2, and 12.7 μm, as well as the spectral emission lines of neon and sulfur and the absorption band caused by silicate dust at around 9.8 μm. In this work we describe the data in detail, including the data reduction and measurement strategies, and subsequently present the PAH emission band intensity correlations for each of the objects and the sample as a whole. We find that there are distinct differences between the sources in the sample, with two main groups: the first comprising the H ii regions and the second the reflection nebulae (RNe). Three sources—the reflection nebula NGC 7023, the Horsehead nebula PDR (an interface between the H ii region IC 434 and the Orion B molecular cloud), and M17—resist this categorization, with the Horsehead PDR points mimicking the RNe and the NGC 7023 fluxes displaying a unique bifurcated appearance in our correlation plots. These discrepancies seem to be due to the very low radiation field experienced by the Horsehead PDR and the very clean separation between the PDR environment and a diffuse environment in the NGC 7023 observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AROMATIC compounds
KW  - CARTOGRAPHIC materials
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - NEBULAE
N1  - Accession Number: 113768056; D. J. Stock 1; Email Address: dstock4@uwo.ca W. D.-Y. Choi 1 L. G. V. Moya 1 J. N. Otaguro 1 S. Sorkhou 1 L. J. Allamandola 2 A. G. G. M. Tielens 3 E. Peeters 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  3: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA, The Netherlands  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 3/1/2016, Vol. 819 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds; Subject Term: CARTOGRAPHIC materials; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: NEBULAE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/65
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lauren M. Weiss
AU  - Leslie A. Rogers
AU  - Howard T. Isaacson
AU  - Eric Agol
AU  - Geoffrey W. Marcy
AU  - Jason F. Rowe
AU  - David Kipping
AU  - Benjamin J. Fulton
AU  - Jack J. Lissauer
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Daniel Fabrycky
T1  - REVISED MASSES AND DENSITIES OF THE PLANETS AROUND KEPLER-10.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03//3/1/2016
VL  - 819
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Determining which small exoplanets have stony-iron compositions is necessary for quantifying the occurrence of such planets and for understanding the physics of planet formation. Kepler-10 hosts the stony-iron world Kepler-10b, and also contains what has been reported to be the largest solid silicate-ice planet, Kepler-10c. Using 220 radial velocities (RVs), including 72 precise RVs from Keck-HIRES of which 20 are new from 2014 to 2015, and 17 quarters of Kepler photometry, we obtain the most complete picture of the Kepler-10 system to date. We find that Kepler-10b () has mass and density . Modeling the interior of Kepler-10b as an iron core overlaid with a silicate mantle, we find that the iron core constitutes 0.17 ± 0.11 of the planet mass. For Kepler-10c () we measure mass and density , significantly lower than the mass computed in Dumusque et al. (). Our mass measurement of Kepler-10c rules out a pure stony-iron composition. Internal compositional modeling reveals that at least 10% of the radius of Kepler-10c is a volatile envelope composed of hydrogen–helium (0.2% of the mass, 16% of the radius) or super-ionic water (28% of the mass, 29% of the radius). However, we note that analysis of only HIRES data yields a higher mass for planet b and a lower mass for planet c than does analysis of the HARPS-N data alone, with the mass estimates for Kepler-10 c being formally inconsistent at the 3σ level. Moreover, dividing the data for each instrument into two parts also leads to somewhat inconsistent measurements for the mass of planet c derived from each observatory. Together, this suggests that time-correlated noise is present and that the uncertainties in the masses of the planets (especially planet c) likely exceed our formal estimates. Transit timing variations (TTVs) of Kepler-10c indicate the likely presence of a third planet in the system, KOI-72.X. The TTVs and RVs are consistent with KOI-72.X having an orbital period of 24, 71, or 101 days, and a mass from 1 to 7 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELESTIAL mechanics
KW  - PLANETESIMALS
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - PLANETS
N1  - Accession Number: 113768069; Lauren M. Weiss 1,2,3; Email Address: lweiss@berkeley.edu Leslie A. Rogers 2,3,4 Howard T. Isaacson 1,2,3 Eric Agol 2,3,5,6 Geoffrey W. Marcy 1,2,3 Jason F. Rowe 2,3,7 David Kipping 2,3,8 Benjamin J. Fulton 2,3,9 Jack J. Lissauer 2,3,7 Andrew W. Howard 2,3,9 Daniel Fabrycky 2,3,10; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, University of California at Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Ken & Gloria Levy Fellow.  3: Hubble Fellow.  4: California Institute of Technology Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: NASA Astrobiology Institute’s Virtual Planetary Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Box 351580, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Harvard University Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  9: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  10: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Source Info: 3/1/2016, Vol. 819 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CELESTIAL mechanics; Subject Term: PLANETESIMALS; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: PLANETS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/819/1/83
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cai, Chenxia
AU  - Kulkarni, Sarika
AU  - Zhao, Zhan
AU  - Kaduwela, Ajith P.
AU  - Avise, Jeremy C.
AU  - DaMassa, John A.
AU  - Singh, Hanwant B.
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
AU  - Cohen, Ronald C.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
AU  - Wennberg, Paul
AU  - Dibb, Jack E.
AU  - Huey, Greg
AU  - Wisthaler, Armin
AU  - Jimenez, Jose L.
AU  - Cubison, Michael J.
T1  - Simulating reactive nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and ozone in California during ARCTAS-CARB 2008 with high wildfire activity.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 128
M3  - Article
SP  - 28
EP  - 44
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Predictions of O 3 , CO, total NO y and individual NO y species (NO, NO 2 , HNO 3 , PAN, alkyl nitrates and aerosol nitrate) from a fine resolution regional air quality modeling system for the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and San Joaquin Valley Air Basin (SJVAB) of California are presented and evaluated for the 2008 ARCTAS-CARB campaign. The measurements of the chemical compounds from the fire plumes during the field campaign allow for the evaluation of the model's ability to simulate fire-influenced air masses as well. In general, the model successfully simulated the broad spatial distribution of chemical compounds in both air basins as well as the variation within the basins. Using inventories that reflect 2008 emissions levels, the model performed well in simulating NO x (NO + NO 2 ) in SoCAB. Therefore, the under prediction of O 3 over these areas is more likely caused by uncertainties with the VOC emissions, chemistry, or discrepancies in the meteorology. The model did not capture the relatively high levels of O 3 , and some reactive nitrogen species that were measured off shore of the SoCAB, indicating potential missing sources or the transport from on shore to off shore was not successfully captured. In SJVAB, the model had good performance in simulating different chemical compounds in the Fresno and Arvin areas. However, enhanced concentrations of O 3 , NO x , HNO 3 and PAN near dairy farms were significantly underestimated in the model. Negative biases also exist for O 3 and HNO 3 near oil fields, suggesting larger uncertainties associated with these emission sources. While the model simulated the total NO y mixing ratios reasonably well, the prediction for partitioning between individual compounds showed larger uncertainties in the model simulation. Although the fire emissions inventory was updated to include the latest emissions estimates and speciation profiles, our model shows limited improvement in simulating the enhancement of O 3 , CO, and PAN under fire impact as compared to a previous version of the modeling system. Further improvements in simulating fire emissions, especially the timing and the plume injection heights, are desired in order to better simulate the impact of fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - WILDFIRES
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - OZONE
KW  - BASINS (Geology)
KW  - REACTIVE nitrogen species
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Research
KW  - Carbon monoxide
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Reactive nitrogen
KW  - San Joaquin valley
KW  - South coast air basin
KW  - Wildfires
N1  - Accession Number: 112705446; Cai, Chenxia 1; Email Address: Chenxia.Cai@arb.ca.gov Kulkarni, Sarika 1 Zhao, Zhan 1 Kaduwela, Ajith P. 1,2 Avise, Jeremy C. 1,3 DaMassa, John A. 1 Singh, Hanwant B. 4 Weinheimer, Andrew J. 5 Cohen, Ronald C. 6,7 Diskin, Glenn S. 8 Wennberg, Paul 9,10 Dibb, Jack E. 11 Huey, Greg 12 Wisthaler, Armin 13 Jimenez, Jose L. 14,15 Cubison, Michael J. 15; Affiliation:  1: Air Quality Planning and Science Division, California Air Resources Board, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA  2: Air Quality Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA  3: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  6: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  8: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  9: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA  10: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, CA 91125, USA  11: Earth System Research Center, Institute for the Study of the Earth, Ocean and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA  12: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  13: Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria  14: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  15: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 128, p28; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: WILDFIRES; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: BASINS (Geology); Subject Term: REACTIVE nitrogen species; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monoxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: San Joaquin valley; Author-Supplied Keyword: South coast air basin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfires; NAICS/Industry Codes: 924120 Administration of Conservation Programs; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.031
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sainio, S.
AU  - Jiang, H.
AU  - Caro, M.A.
AU  - Koehne, J.
AU  - Lopez-Acevedo, O.
AU  - Koskinen, J.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Laurila, T.
T1  - Structural morphology of carbon nanofibers grown on different substrates.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 98
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
EP  - 351
SN  - 00086223
AB  - We present a detailed microstructural study comparing conventional carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and novel carbon hybrid CNF materials. The hybrid consists of CNFs grown on top of tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) thin films on silicon with nickel catalyst and Ti adhesion layers. The conventional CNFs were grown on silicon with nickel catalyst and Cr layers. Even though CNFs can be grown in both systems by tip growth, the micro- and nanoscale features are very different in the two systems. The crystalline structure of the CNF in the hybrid case changes from horizontal alignment to near-vertical alignment from the root to the tip and no bamboo structure is observed. The results show that micro- and nanoscale properties of CNFs grown under the same process conditions can be readily altered by using a sacrificial ta-C layer below the metallic layer to prevent the alloying of Ni with carbide-forming metals used as adhesion promoters and to act as an additional carbon source during the pre-annealing stage. The experimental results are further rationalized with the aid of assessed thermodynamic data and simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) with van der Waals (vdW) corrections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - AMORPHOUS alloys
KW  - NICKEL catalysts
KW  - THIN films
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
N1  - Accession Number: 111978276; Sainio, S. 1 Jiang, H. 2 Caro, M.A. 1,3 Koehne, J. 4 Lopez-Acevedo, O. 3 Koskinen, J. 5 Meyyappan, M. 4 Laurila, T. 1; Email Address: tomi.laurila@aalto.fi; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland  2: Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland  3: COMP Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland  4: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 98, p343; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: AMORPHOUS alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL catalysts; Subject Term: THIN films; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - GEN
AU  - McKissick, Katie
T1  - protecting the forest.
JO  - Children's Technology & Engineering
JF  - Children's Technology & Engineering
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 20
IS  - 3
M3  - Product Review
SP  - 26
EP  - 27
PB  - International Technology & Engineering Educators Association
AB  - The article offers brief information on the Goddard's LiDAR, Hyperspectral, and Thermal Imager (G-LiHT).
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - AERONAUTICS -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 114187643; McKissick, Katie 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p26; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Product Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Swanson, R.C.
AU  - Langer, S.
T1  - Steady-state laminar flow solutions for NACA 0012 airfoil.
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 126
M3  - Article
SP  - 102
EP  - 128
SN  - 00457930
AB  - In this paper we consider the solution of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations for a class of laminar airfoil flows. The principal objective of this paper is to demonstrate that members of this class of laminar flows have steady-state solutions. These laminar airfoil flow cases are often used to evaluate accuracy, stability and convergence of numerical solution algorithms for the Navier–Stokes equations. In recent years such flows have also been used as test cases for high-order numerical schemes. While generally consistent steady-state solutions have been obtained for these flows using higher order schemes, a number of results have been published with various solutions, including unsteady ones. We demonstrate with two different numerical methods and a range of meshes with a maximum density that exceeds 8 × 10 6 grid points that steady-state solutions are obtained. Furthermore, numerical evidence is presented that even when solving the equations with an unsteady algorithm, one obtains steady-state solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STEADY-state flow
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - RUNGE-Kutta formulas
KW  - Laminar
KW  - Navier–Stokes
KW  - Preconditioner
KW  - Runge–Kutta
KW  - Steady state
N1  - Accession Number: 112135074; Swanson, R.C. 1; Email Address: r.c.swanson10@gmail.com Langer, S. 2; Email Address: Stefan.Langer@dlr.de; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Computational AeroSciences Branch, Hampton, VA 23681, United States  2: DLR, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Lilienthalplatz 7, Braunschweig D-38108 , Germany; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 126, p102; Subject Term: STEADY-state flow; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: RUNGE-Kutta formulas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laminar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preconditioner; Author-Supplied Keyword: Runge–Kutta; Author-Supplied Keyword: Steady state; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.11.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112135074&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, Jason
AU  - Plachta, David
T1  - 2015 Space Cryogenics Workshop, June 24–26, 2015, Phoenix, AZ: Hosted by NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00112275
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PERIODICAL publishing
KW  - PUBLISHERS & publishing
KW  - PERIODICALS -- Articles
KW  - PHOENIX (Ariz.)
KW  - CLEVELAND (England)
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 113189416; Hartwig, Jason 1 Plachta, David 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 74, p1; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PERIODICAL publishing; Subject Term: PUBLISHERS & publishing; Subject Term: PERIODICALS -- Articles; Subject Term: PHOENIX (Ariz.); Subject Term: CLEVELAND (England); Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511120 Periodical Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511130 Book Publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.12.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113189416&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, J.W.
AU  - Colozza, A.
AU  - Lorenz, R.D.
AU  - Oleson, S.
AU  - Landis, G.
AU  - Schmitz, P.
AU  - Paul, M.
AU  - Walsh, J.
T1  - Exploring the depths of Kraken Mare – Power, thermal analysis, and ballast control for the Saturn Titan submarine.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 31
EP  - 46
SN  - 00112275
AB  - To explore the depths of the hydrocarbon rich seas on the Saturn moon Titan, a conceptual design of an unmanned submarine concept was recently developed for a Phase I NASA Innovative Advanced Concept (NIAC) study. Data from Cassini Huygens indicates that the Titan polar environment sustains stable seas of variable concentrations of ethane, methane, and nitrogen, with a surface temperature around 93 K. To meet science exploration objectives, the submarine must operate autonomously, study atmosphere/sea exchange, interact with the seabed at pressures up to 10 atm, traverse large distances with limited energy, hover at the surface and at any depth within the sea, and be capable of tolerating multiple different concentration levels of hydrocarbons. Therefore Titan presents many cryogenic design challenges. This paper presents the trade studies with emphasis on the preliminary design of the power, thermal, and ballast control subsystems for the Saturn Titan submarine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - BALLAST (Ships)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - SUBMARINES (Ships)
KW  - HYDROCARBON reservoirs
KW  - Aerogel
KW  - Cryogenic fluid management
KW  - Kraken Mare
KW  - Ligeia Mare
KW  - Neon
KW  - Saturn
KW  - Stirling radioisotope generator
KW  - Titan
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 113189424; Hartwig, J.W. 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov Colozza, A. 1 Lorenz, R.D. 2 Oleson, S. 1 Landis, G. 1 Schmitz, P. 1 Paul, M. 3 Walsh, J. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, USA  2: Space Exploration Sector, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, USA  3: Penn State Applied Research Lab, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 74, p31; Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Subject Term: BALLAST (Ships); Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: SUBMARINES (Ships); Subject Term: HYDROCARBON reservoirs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerogel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic fluid management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kraken Mare; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ligeia Mare; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling radioisotope generator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336611 Ship Building and Repairing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.09.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113189424&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Plachta, D.W.
AU  - Johnson, W.L.
AU  - Feller, J.R.
T1  - Zero boil-off system testing.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 88
EP  - 94
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Cryogenic propellants such as liquid hydrogen (LH 2 ) and liquid oxygen (LO 2 ) are a part of NASA’s future space exploration plans due to their high specific impulse for rocket motors of upper stages. However, the low storage temperatures of LH 2 and LO 2 cause substantial boil-off losses for long duration missions. These losses can be eliminated by incorporating high performance cryocooler technology to intercept heat load to the propellant tanks and modulating the cryocooler temperature to control tank pressure. The technology being developed by NASA is the reverse turbo-Brayton cycle cryocooler and its integration to the propellant tank through a distributed cooling tubing network coupled to the tank wall. This configuration was recently tested at NASA Glenn Research Center in a vacuum chamber and cryoshroud that simulated the essential thermal aspects of low Earth orbit, its vacuum and temperature. This test series established that the active cooling system integrated with the propellant tank eliminated boil-off and robustly controlled tank pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOILERS -- Fuel
KW  - CRYOGENIC fluids
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - LIQUID oxygen
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - Cryogenic propellant storage
KW  - Reverse turbo-Brayton cycle cryocooler
KW  - Zero boil-off
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 113189428; Plachta, D.W. 1 Johnson, W.L. 1 Feller, J.R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 74, p88; Subject Term: BOILERS -- Fuel; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC fluids; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: LIQUID oxygen; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic propellant storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reverse turbo-Brayton cycle cryocooler; Author-Supplied Keyword: Zero boil-off; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.10.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113189428&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hartwig, J.W.
T1  - Screen channel liquid acquisition device bubble point tests in liquid nitrogen.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 105
SN  - 00112275
AB  - The primary parameter for gauging performance of a liquid acquisition device (LAD) is the bubble point pressure, or differential pressure across a screen pore that overcomes the surface tension of the liquid at that pore. Recently, cryogenic bubble point tests were conducted in liquid nitrogen across a parametric trade space to examine the influential factors that govern LAD performance, and 1873 data points were collected. Three fine mesh screen samples (325 × 2300, 450 × 2750, 510 × 3600) were tested over a wide range of liquid temperatures (67–114 K) and pressures (0.032–1.83 MPa), using both autogenous (gaseous nitrogen) and non-condensable (gaseous helium) pressurization schemes. Experimental results in liquid nitrogen are compared to recently reported results in liquid hydrogen, oxygen, and methane. Results indicate a significant gain in performance is achievable over the baseline 325 × 2300 reference bubble point by using a finer mesh, operating at a colder liquid temperature, and pressurizing and subcooling the liquid with the noncondensable pressurant. Results also show that the cryogenic bubble point is heavily affected by enhanced heating and cooling at the screen liquid/vapor interface by evaporation and condensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIQUID nitrogen
KW  - FUEL tanks of rockets
KW  - BUBBLE dynamics
KW  - GAGING
KW  - CRYOGENIC fluids
KW  - SURFACE tension
KW  - Cryogenic fluid management
KW  - Fuel depot
KW  - Liquid acquisition devices
KW  - Liquid nitrogen
KW  - Subcooled liquid
N1  - Accession Number: 113189426; Hartwig, J.W. 1; Email Address: Jason.W.Hartwig@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Cryogenic and Fluid Systems Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 74, p95; Subject Term: LIQUID nitrogen; Subject Term: FUEL tanks of rockets; Subject Term: BUBBLE dynamics; Subject Term: GAGING; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC fluids; Subject Term: SURFACE tension; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic fluid management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuel depot; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid acquisition devices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subcooled liquid; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.09.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113189426&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Majumdar, Alok
AU  - Valenzuela, Juan
AU  - LeClair, Andre
AU  - Moder, Jeff
T1  - Numerical modeling of self-pressurization and pressure control by a thermodynamic vent system in a cryogenic tank.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 113
EP  - 122
SN  - 00112275
AB  - This paper presents a numerical model of a system-level test bed—the multipurpose hydrogen test bed (MHTB) using the Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program (GFSSP). MHTB is representative in size and shape of a space transportation vehicle liquid hydrogen propellant tank, and ground-based testing was performed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to generate data for cryogenic storage. GFSSP is a finite volume-based network flow analysis software developed at MSFC and used for thermofluid analysis of propulsion systems. GFSSP has been used to model the self-pressurization and ullage pressure control by the Thermodynamic Vent System (TVS). A TVS typically includes a Joule–Thompson (J–T) expansion device, a two-phase heat exchanger (HEX), and a mixing pump and liquid injector to extract thermal energy from the tank without significant loss of liquid propellant. For the MHTB tank, the HEX and liquid injector are combined into a vertical spray bar assembly. Two GFSSP models (Self-Pressurization and TVS) were separately developed and tested and then integrated to simulate the entire system. The Self-Pressurization model consists of multiple ullage nodes, a propellant node, and solid nodes; it computes the heat transfer through multilayer insulation blankets and calculates heat and mass transfer between the ullage and liquid propellant and the ullage and tank wall. A TVS model calculates the flow through a J–T valve, HEX, and spray and vent systems. Two models are integrated by exchanging data through User Subroutines of both models. Results of the integrated models have been compared with MHTB test data at a 50% fill level. Satisfactory comparison was observed between tests and numerical predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESSURIZED water reactors
KW  - PRESSURE control
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC control
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - STORAGE tanks
KW  - Cryogenic fluid management
KW  - Numerical model
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center
N1  - Accession Number: 113189425; Majumdar, Alok 1; Email Address: alok.k.majumdar@nasa.gov Valenzuela, Juan 1 LeClair, Andre 1 Moder, Jeff 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 74, p113; Subject Term: PRESSURIZED water reactors; Subject Term: PRESSURE control; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC control; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: STORAGE tanks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic fluid management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical model; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.12.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113189425&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bellur, K.
AU  - Médici, E.F.
AU  - Kulshreshtha, M.
AU  - Konduru, V.
AU  - Tyrewala, D.
AU  - Tamilarasan, A.
AU  - McQuillen, J.
AU  - Leão, J.B.
AU  - Hussey, D.S.
AU  - Jacobson, D.L.
AU  - Scherschligt, J.
AU  - Hermanson, J.C.
AU  - Choi, C.K.
AU  - Allen, J.S.
T1  - A new experiment for investigating evaporation and condensation of cryogenic propellants.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 131
EP  - 137
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Passive and active technologies have been used to control propellant boil-off, but the current state of understanding of cryogenic evaporation and condensation in microgravity is insufficient for designing large cryogenic depots critical to the long-term space exploration missions. One of the key factors limiting the ability to design such systems is the uncertainty in the accommodation coefficients (evaporation and condensation), which are inputs for kinetic modeling of phase change. A novel, combined experimental and computational approach is being used to determine the accommodation coefficients for liquid hydrogen and liquid methane. The experimental effort utilizes the Neutron Imaging Facility located at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland to image evaporation and condensation of hydrogenated propellants inside of metallic containers. The computational effort includes numerical solution of a model for phase change in the contact line and thin film regions as well as an CFD effort for determining the appropriate thermal boundary conditions for the numerical solution of the evaporating and condensing liquid. Using all three methods, there is the possibility of extracting the accommodation coefficients from the experimental observations. The experiments are the first known observation of a liquid hydrogen menisci condensing and evaporating inside aluminum and stainless steel cylinders. The experimental technique, complimentary computational thermal model and meniscus shape determination are reported. The computational thermal model has been shown to accurately track the transient thermal response of the test cells. The meniscus shape determination suggests the presence of a finite contact angle, albeit very small, between liquid hydrogen and aluminum oxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENIC fluids
KW  - EVAPORATION (Chemistry)
KW  - CONDENSATION
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL forecasting
KW  - BOILERS -- Fuel
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Condensation
KW  - Contact angle
KW  - Evaporation
KW  - Liquid hydrogen
KW  - Neutron imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 113189414; Bellur, K. 1 Médici, E.F. 1 Kulshreshtha, M. 1 Konduru, V. 1 Tyrewala, D. 1 Tamilarasan, A. 2 McQuillen, J. 3 Leão, J.B. 4 Hussey, D.S. 4 Jacobson, D.L. 4 Scherschligt, J. 4 Hermanson, J.C. 2 Choi, C.K. 1 Allen, J.S. 1; Email Address: jstallen@mtu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI, USA  2: University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH, USA  4: National Institutes of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 74, p131; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC fluids; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: CONDENSATION; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL forecasting; Subject Term: BOILERS -- Fuel; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condensation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact angle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Evaporation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutron imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.10.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113189414&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
AU  - Kartuzova, Olga
T1  - Effect of interfacial turbulence and accommodation coefficient on CFD predictions of pressurization and pressure control in cryogenic storage tank.
JO  - Cryogenics
JF  - Cryogenics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 74
M3  - Article
SP  - 138
EP  - 153
SN  - 00112275
AB  - Pressurization and pressure control in cryogenic storage tanks are to a large extent affected by heat and mass transport across the liquid–vapor interface. These mechanisms are, in turn, controlled by the kinetics of the phase change process and the dynamics of the turbulent recirculating flows in the liquid and vapor phases. In this paper, the effects of accommodation coefficient and interfacial turbulence on tank pressurization and pressure control simulations are examined. Comparison between numerical predictions and ground-based measurements in two large liquid hydrogen tank experiments, performed in the K-site facility at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC) and the Multi-purpose Hydrogen Test Bed (MHTB) facility at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), are used to show the impact of accommodation coefficient and interfacial and vapor phase turbulence on evolution of pressure and temperatures in the cryogenic storage tanks. In particular, the self-pressurization comparisons indicate that: (1) numerical predictions are essentially independent of the magnitude of the accommodation coefficient; and (2) surprisingly, laminar models sometimes provide results that are in better agreement with experimental self-pressurization rates, even in parametric ranges where the bulk flow is deemed fully turbulent. In this light, shortcomings of the present CFD models, especially, numerical treatments of interfacial mass transfer and turbulence, as coupled to the Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) interface capturing scheme, are underscored and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Cryogenics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFACIAL flow instability
KW  - ACCOMMODATION coefficient
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - PRESSURIZED water reactors
KW  - PRESSURE control
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - STORAGE tanks
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - Accommodation coefficient
KW  - CFD
KW  - Cryogenic storage
KW  - Interfacial mass transfer
KW  - Tank pressurization
KW  - Turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 113189415; Kassemi, Mohammad 1; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov Kartuzova, Olga 1; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research (NCSER), NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 74, p138; Subject Term: INTERFACIAL flow instability; Subject Term: ACCOMMODATION coefficient; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: PRESSURIZED water reactors; Subject Term: PRESSURE control; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: STORAGE tanks; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accommodation coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenic storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial mass transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tank pressurization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turbulence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326199 All Other Plastics Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.10.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113189415&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rovai, A. S.
AU  - Riul, P.
AU  - Twilley, R. R.
AU  - Castañeda-Moya, E.
AU  - Rivera-Monroy, V. H.
AU  - Williams, A. A.
AU  - Simard, M.
AU  - Cifuentes-Jara, M.
AU  - Lewis, R. R.
AU  - Crooks, S.
AU  - Horta, P. A.
AU  - Schaeffer-Novelli, Y.
AU  - Cintrón, G.
AU  - Pozo-Cajas, M.
AU  - Pagliosa, P. R.
T1  - Scaling mangrove aboveground biomass from site-level to continental-scale.
JO  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
JF  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 25
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 286
EP  - 298
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 1466822X
AB  - Aim We developed a set of statistical models to improve spatial estimates of mangrove aboveground biomass ( AGB) based on the environmental signature hypothesis ( ESH). We hypothesized that higher tidal amplitudes, river discharge, temperature, direct rainfall and decreased potential evapotranspiration explain observed high mangrove AGB. Location Neotropics and a small portion of the Nearctic region. Methods A universal forest model based on site-level forest structure statistics was validated to spatially interpolate estimates of mangrove biomass at different locations. Linear models were then used to predict mangrove AGB across the Neotropics. Results The universal forest site-level model was effective in estimating mangrove AGB using pre-existing mangrove forest structure inventories to validate the model. We confirmed our hypothesis that at continental scales higher tidal amplitudes contributed to high forest biomass associated with high temperature and rainfall, and low potential evapotranspiration. Our model explained 20% of the spatial variability in mangrove AGB, with values ranging from 16.6 to 627.0 t ha−1 (mean, 88.7 t ha−1). Our findings show that mangrove AGB has been overestimated by 25-50% in the Neotropics, underscoring a commensurate bias in current published global estimates using site-level information. Main conclusions Our analysis show how the ESH significantly explains spatial variability in mangrove AGB at hemispheric scales. This finding is critical to improve and explain site-level estimates of mangrove AGB that are currently used to determine the relative contribution of mangrove wetlands to global carbon budgets. Due to the lack of a conceptual framework explicitly linking environmental drivers and mangrove AGB values during model validation, previous works have significantly overestimated mangrove AGB; our novel approach improved these assessments. In addition, our framework can potentially be applied to other forest-dominated ecosystems by allowing the retrieval of extensive databases at local levels to generate more robust statistical predictive models to estimate continental-scale biomass values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Ecology & Biogeography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MANGROVE plants
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - LATIN America
KW  - Allometric models
KW  - carbon stock
KW  - climate change
KW  - coastal management policies
KW  - macroecology
KW  - mangrove forest structure
KW  - Neotropics
N1  - Accession Number: 113307526; Rovai, A. S. 1 Riul, P. 2 Twilley, R. R. 3 Castañeda-Moya, E. 3 Rivera-Monroy, V. H. 3 Williams, A. A. 3 Simard, M. 4 Cifuentes-Jara, M. 5 Lewis, R. R. 6 Crooks, S. 7 Horta, P. A. 1,8 Schaeffer-Novelli, Y. 9 Cintrón, G. 10 Pozo-Cajas, M. 11 Pagliosa, P. R. 1,12; Affiliation:  1: Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina  2: Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Paraíba  3: Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, School of the Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory  5: Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE)  6: Lewis Environmental Services, Inc.  7: Environmental Science Associates  8: Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina  9: Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo  10: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service  11: Facultad de Ciencias Marítimas, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral  12: Departamento de Geociências, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 25 Issue 3, p286; Subject Term: MANGROVE plants; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: LATIN America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Allometric models; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon stock; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: coastal management policies; Author-Supplied Keyword: macroecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: mangrove forest structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neotropics; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/geb.12409
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113307526&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poppe, Andrew R.
AU  - Fatemi, Shahab
AU  - Garrick-Bethell, Ian
AU  - Hemingway, Doug
AU  - Holmström, Mats
T1  - Solar wind interaction with the Reiner Gamma crustal magnetic anomaly: Connecting source magnetization to surface weathering.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 266
M3  - Article
SP  - 261
EP  - 266
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Remanent magnetization has long been known to exist in the lunar crust, yet both the detailed topology and ultimate origin(s) of these fields remains uncertain. Some crustal magnetic fields coincide with surface albedo anomalies, known as lunar swirls, which are thought to be formed by differential surface weathering of the regolith underlying crustal fields due to deflection of incident solar wind protons. Here, we present results from a three-dimensional, self-consistent, plasma hybrid model of the solar wind interaction with two different possible source magnetizations for the Reiner Gamma anomaly. We characterize the plasma interaction with these fields and the resulting spatial distribution of charged-particle weathering of the surface and compare these results to optical albedo measurements of Reiner Gamma. The model results constrain the proposed source magnetizations for Reiner Gamma and suggest that vertical crustal magnetic fields are required to produce the observed “dark lanes.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics)
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - WEATHERING
KW  - EXFOLIATION (Geology)
KW  - CURIE temperature
KW  - Magnetic fields
KW  - Moon, surface
KW  - Solar wind
N1  - Accession Number: 112055622; Poppe, Andrew R. 1,2; Email Address: poppe@ssl.berkeley.edu Fatemi, Shahab 1,2 Garrick-Bethell, Ian 3,4 Hemingway, Doug 3,5 Holmström, Mats 6; Affiliation:  1: Space Sciences Laboratory, 7 Gauss Way, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  2: Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  3: Dept. of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: School of Space Research, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea  5: Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Kiruna, Sweden; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 266, p261; Subject Term: HELIOSPHERE (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: WEATHERING; Subject Term: EXFOLIATION (Geology); Subject Term: CURIE temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112055622&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Carli, C.
AU  - Roush, T.L.
AU  - Pedrazzi, G.
AU  - Capaccioni, F.
T1  - Visible and Near-Infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectroscopy of glassy igneous material: Spectral variation, retrieving optical constants and particle sizes by Hapke model.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 266
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
EP  - 278
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Silicate glasses with igneous compositions can be an important constituent of planetary surface material via effusive volcanism or impact cratering processes. Different planetary surfaces are mapped with hyper-spectrometers in the VNIR, and in this spectral range crystal field absorptions are useful in discriminating iron bearing silicate components. For these reasons studying glassy materials, and their optical constants, is an important effort to better document and understand spectral features of Solar System silicate crusts where glasses are present, but may be difficult to map. In our work we present a set of four different synthetic glasses, produced under terrestrial conditions, with variable composition and in particular an increasing amount of iron. The VNIR spectra show, for all the compositions, two absorptions are present near 1.1 and 1.9 μm but reflectance, slope and absorption shape varies with composition. We measured the reflectance of different particle sizes of the samples and used radiative transfer models to estimate the optical constants as a function of wavelength. We used the retrieved optical constants to estimate the particle size from the measured reflectances and the results fall within the known sieve range. We qualitatively discuss the effect of the shape and distribution of particles on the application of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - OPTICAL constants
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - PHYSICAL constants
KW  - Mineralogy
KW  - Regoliths
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 112055615; Carli, C. 1; Email Address: cristian.carli@iaps.inaf.it Roush, T.L. 2 Pedrazzi, G. 3 Capaccioni, F. 1; Affiliation:  1: IAPS-INAF, Roma, Italy  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, United States  3: Biophysics and Medical Physics Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Parma, Italy; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 266, p267; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: OPTICAL constants; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: PHYSICAL constants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.10.032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112055615&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenniskens, P.
AU  - Nénon, Q.
AU  - Albers, J.
AU  - Gural, P.S.
AU  - Haberman, B.
AU  - Holman, D.
AU  - Morales, R.
AU  - Grigsby, B.J.
AU  - Samuels, D.
AU  - Johannink, C.
T1  - The established meteor showers as observed by CAMS.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 266
M3  - Article
SP  - 331
EP  - 354
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Orbital elements are presented for 70 of the 95 meteor showers considered “established” by the International Astronomical Union. From 2010 October 21 until 2013 March 31, the low-light-video based Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance project (CAMS) measured a total of 110,367 meteoroid trajectories and pre-atmospheric orbits from mostly −2 to +4 magnitude meteors with a precision of <2° (median 0.4°) in apparent radiant direction and <10% (median 0.9%) in speed. This paper discusses how the already established showers manifest in this data. Newly resolved components in the radiant distribution shed light on the dynamics and physical lifetime of parent bodies and their meteoroids. Many multi-component showers have associated parent bodies with nodal lines not much rotated from that of their meteoroids (Encke Complex, Machholz Complex, Phaethon Complex, and now also the 169P/NEAT Complex). These may result from a parent body disruption cascade, with the disruption-generated meteoroids fading on the short timescale of a few hundred to a few thousand years. In particular, the Northern and Southern Taurids of the Encke Complex are decomposed here into 19 individual streams. Seven of these streams can be paired with mostly sub-km sized potential parent body asteroids that move in 2P/Encke-like orbits that span the narrow semi-major axis range of 2.20–2.35 AU. The meteoroids in these Taurid streams do not survive long enough for the nodal line to fully rotate relative to that of their parent body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOR showers
KW  - PLANETESIMALS
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - NEAR-Earth objects
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Comets, dust
KW  - Interplanetary dust
KW  - Meteors
KW  - Near-Earth Objects
N1  - Accession Number: 112055613; Jenniskens, P. 1,2; Email Address: Petrus.M.Jenniskens@nasa.gov Nénon, Q. 1 Albers, J. 1 Gural, P.S. 3 Haberman, B. 1 Holman, D. 1 Morales, R. 4 Grigsby, B.J. 1,5 Samuels, D. 4 Johannink, C. 6; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 241-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Leidos, 14668 Lee Road, Chantilly, VA 20151, USA  4: Fremont Peak Observatory Association, P.O. Box 1376, San Juan Bautista, CA 95045, USA  5: Lick Observatory, U.C. Santa Cruz, 7281 Mount Hamilton Road, CA 95140, USA  6: Dutch Meteor Society, Schiefestrasse 36, D 48599 Gronau, Germany; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 266, p331; Subject Term: METEOR showers; Subject Term: PLANETESIMALS; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: NEAR-Earth objects; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-Earth Objects; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.09.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112055613&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenniskens, P.
AU  - Nénon, Q.
AU  - Gural, P.S.
AU  - Albers, J.
AU  - Haberman, B.
AU  - Johnson, B.
AU  - Holman, D.
AU  - Morales, R.
AU  - Grigsby, B.J.
AU  - Samuels, D.
AU  - Johannink, C.
T1  - CAMS confirmation of previously reported meteor showers.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 266
M3  - Article
SP  - 355
EP  - 370
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Leading up to the 2015 IAU General Assembly, the International Astronomical Union’s Working List of Meteor Showers included 486 unconfirmed showers, showers that are not certain to exist. If confirmed, each shower would provide a record of past comet or asteroid activity. Now, we report that 41 of these are detected in the Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance (CAMS) video-based meteor shower survey. They manifest as meteoroids arriving at Earth from a similar direction and orbit, after removing the daily radiant drift due to Earth’s motion around the Sun. These showers do exist and, therefore, can be moved to the IAU List of Established Meteor Showers. This adds to 31 previously confirmed showers from CAMS data. For each shower, finding charts are presented based on 230,000 meteors observed up to March of 2015, calculated by re-projecting the drift-corrected Sun-centered ecliptic coordinates into more familiar equatorial coordinates. Showers that are not detected, but should have, and duplicate showers that project to the same Sun-centered ecliptic coordinates, are recommended for removal from the Working List. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOR showers
KW  - MOUNTING of cameras
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL geometry
KW  - ECLIPTIC
KW  - METEORITICS
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Comets, dust
KW  - Interplanetary dust
KW  - Meteors
KW  - Near-Earth objects
N1  - Accession Number: 112055602; Jenniskens, P. 1,2; Email Address: Petrus.M.Jenniskens@nasa.gov Nénon, Q. 1 Gural, P.S. 3 Albers, J. 1 Haberman, B. 1 Johnson, B. 1 Holman, D. 1 Morales, R. 4 Grigsby, B.J. 1,5 Samuels, D. 4 Johannink, C. 6; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 241-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Leidos, 14668 Lee Road, Chantily, VA 20151, USA  4: Fremont Peak Observatory Association, P.O. Box 1376, San Juan Bautista, CA 95045, USA  5: Lick Observatory, U.C. Santa Cruz, 7281 Mount Hamilton Road, CA 95140, USA  6: Dutch Meteor Society, Schiefestrasse 36, D 48599 Gronau, Germany; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 266, p355; Subject Term: METEOR showers; Subject Term: MOUNTING of cameras; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL geometry; Subject Term: ECLIPTIC; Subject Term: METEORITICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-Earth objects; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112055602&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Nénon, Quentin
T1  - CAMS verification of single-linked high-threshold D-criterion detected meteor showers.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 266
M3  - Article
SP  - 371
EP  - 383
SN  - 00191035
AB  - From preliminary 2010–2011 results of the Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance (CAMS) meteoroid orbit survey, which were combined with published 2007–2009 SonotaCo video meteor network data, 55 new meteor showers (##448–502) were identified and added to the IAU Working List on Meteor Showers in 2012. These showers were identified based on an automated single-linked D SH -criterion analysis of a combined 105,000 orbits with high-threshold (a low D SH < 0.05), but low acceptable sample size (⩾6 members). Three more years of CAMS and four more years of SonotaCo observations have now increased the meteoroid orbit database four fold. The earlier detections are verified by searching for number density enhancements in drift-corrected radiant and orbital element maps. Twenty showers are detected in both surveys and are now certain to exist. Median orbital elements are presented. Not detected in this manner were 19% of the fast V g > 40 km/s showers, 54% of the V g = 18–40 km/s showers, and 90% of the slow V g < 18 km/s showers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORS
KW  - MOUNTING of cameras
KW  - ORBITAL velocity
KW  - KEPLER'S equation
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Comets, dust
KW  - Interplanetary dust
KW  - Meteors
KW  - Near-Earth objects
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Astronomical Union
N1  - Accession Number: 112055592; Jenniskens, Peter 1,2; Email Address: Petrus.M.Jenniskens@nasa.gov Nénon, Quentin 1; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 241-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 266, p371; Subject Term: METEORS; Subject Term: MOUNTING of cameras; Subject Term: ORBITAL velocity; Subject Term: KEPLER'S equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-Earth objects; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Astronomical Union; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.10.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112055592&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jenniskens, P.
AU  - Nénon, Q.
AU  - Gural, P.S.
AU  - Albers, J.
AU  - Haberman, B.
AU  - Johnson, B.
AU  - Morales, R.
AU  - Grigsby, B.J.
AU  - Samuels, D.
AU  - Johannink, C.
T1  - CAMS newly detected meteor showers and the sporadic background.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 266
M3  - Article
SP  - 384
EP  - 409
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The Cameras for Allsky Meteor Surveillance (CAMS) video-based meteoroid orbit survey adds 60 newly identified showers to the IAU Working List of Meteor Showers (numbers 427, 445–446, 506–507, and part of 643–750). 28 of these are also detected in the independent SonotaCo survey. In total, 230 meteor showers and shower components are identified in CAMS data, 177 of which are detected in at least two independent surveys. From the power-law size frequency distribution of detected showers, we extrapolate that 36% of all CAMS-observed meteors originated from ∼700 showers above the N = 1 per 110,000 shower limit. 71% of mass falling to Earth from streams arrives on Jupiter-family type orbits. The transient Geminids account for another 15%. All meteoroids not assigned to streams form a sporadic background with highest detected numbers from the apex source, but with 98% of mass falling in from the antihelion source. Even at large ∼7-mm sizes, a Poynting–Robertson drag evolved population is detected, which implies that the Grün et al. collisional lifetimes at these sizes are underestimated by about a factor of 10. While these large grains survive collisions, many fade on a 10 4 -y timescale, possibly because they disintegrate into smaller particles by processes other than collisions, leaving a more resilient population to evolve. The meteors assigned to the various showers are identified in the CAMS Meteoroid Orbit Database 2.0 submitted to the IAU Meteor Data Center, and can be accessed also at http://cams.seti.org . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOR showers
KW  - MOUNTING of cameras
KW  - DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory)
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Comets, dust
KW  - Interplanetary dust
KW  - Meteors
KW  - Near-Earth objects
KW  - SEARCH for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Study group : U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 112055598; Jenniskens, P. 1,2; Email Address: Petrus.M.Jenniskens@nasa.gov Nénon, Q. 1 Gural, P.S. 3 Albers, J. 1 Haberman, B. 1 Johnson, B. 1 Morales, R. 4 Grigsby, B.J. 1,5 Samuels, D. 4 Johannink, C. 6; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 241-11, Moffett Field, CA 95035, USA  3: Leidos, 14668 Lee Road, Chantilly, VA 20151, USA  4: Fremont Peak Observatory Association, P.O. Box 1376, San Juan Bautista, CA 95045, USA  5: Lick Observatory, U.C. Santa Cruz, 7281 Mount Hamilton Road, CA 95140, USA  6: Dutch Meteor Society, Schiefestrasse 36, D 48599 Gronau, Germany; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 266, p384; Subject Term: METEOR showers; Subject Term: MOUNTING of cameras; Subject Term: DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory); Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets, dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-Earth objects; Company/Entity: SEARCH for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (Study group : U.S.); Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.11.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112055598&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boyce, B.
AU  - Kramer, S.
AU  - Bosiljevac, T.
AU  - Corona, E.
AU  - Moore, J.
AU  - Elkhodary, K.
AU  - Simha, C.
AU  - Williams, B.
AU  - Cerrone, A.
AU  - Nonn, A.
AU  - Hochhalter, J.
AU  - Bomarito, G.
AU  - Warner, J.
AU  - Carter, B.
AU  - Warner, D.
AU  - Ingraffea, A.
AU  - Zhang, T.
AU  - Fang, X.
AU  - Lua, J.
AU  - Chiaruttini, V.
T1  - The second Sandia Fracture Challenge: predictions of ductile failure under quasi-static and moderate-rate dynamic loading.
JO  - International Journal of Fracture
JF  - International Journal of Fracture
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 198
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 5
EP  - 100
SN  - 03769429
AB  - Ductile failure of structural metals is relevant to a wide range of engineering scenarios. Computational methods are employed to anticipate the critical conditions of failure, yet they sometimes provide inaccurate and misleading predictions. Challenge scenarios, such as the one presented in the current work, provide an opportunity to assess the blind, quantitative predictive ability of simulation methods against a previously unseen failure problem. Rather than evaluate the predictions of a single simulation approach, the Sandia Fracture Challenge relies on numerous volunteer teams with expertise in computational mechanics to apply a broad range of computational methods, numerical algorithms, and constitutive models to the challenge. This exercise is intended to evaluate the state of health of technologies available for failure prediction. In the first Sandia Fracture Challenge, a wide range of issues were raised in ductile failure modeling, including a lack of consistency in failure models, the importance of shear calibration data, and difficulties in quantifying the uncertainty of prediction [see Boyce et al. (Int J Fract 186:5-68, ) for details of these observations]. This second Sandia Fracture Challenge investigated the ductile rupture of a Ti-6Al-4V sheet under both quasi-static and modest-rate dynamic loading (failure in $$\sim $$ 0.1 s). Like the previous challenge, the sheet had an unusual arrangement of notches and holes that added geometric complexity and fostered a competition between tensile- and shear-dominated failure modes. The teams were asked to predict the fracture path and quantitative far-field failure metrics such as the peak force and displacement to cause crack initiation. Fourteen teams contributed blind predictions, and the experimental outcomes were quantified in three independent test labs. Additional shortcomings were revealed in this second challenge such as inconsistency in the application of appropriate boundary conditions, need for a thermomechanical treatment of the heat generation in the dynamic loading condition, and further difficulties in model calibration based on limited real-world engineering data. As with the prior challenge, this work not only documents the 'state-of-the-art' in computational failure prediction of ductile tearing scenarios, but also provides a detailed dataset for non-blind assessment of alternative methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fracture is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - DUCTILITY
KW  - NOTCH effect
KW  - SHEAR strength
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Alloy
KW  - Deformation
KW  - Fracture
KW  - Metal
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Plasticity
KW  - Prediction
KW  - Rupture
KW  - Simulation
KW  - Tearing
N1  - Accession Number: 113822010; Boyce, B. 1; Email Address: blboyce@sandia.gov Kramer, S. 1; Email Address: slkrame@sandia.gov Bosiljevac, T. 1; Email Address: trbosil@sandia.gov Corona, E. 1; Email Address: ecorona@sandia.gov Moore, J. 2; Email Address: johnallanmoore@gmail.com Elkhodary, K. 3; Email Address: khalile@aucegypt.edu Simha, C. 4; Email Address: Hari.Simha@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca Williams, B. 4; Email Address: Bruce.Williams@NRCan-RNCan.gc.ca Cerrone, A. 5; Email Address: albert.cerrone@ge.com Nonn, A. 6; Email Address: aida.nonn@oth-regensburg.de Hochhalter, J. 7; Email Address: jacob.d.hochhalter@nasa.gov Bomarito, G. 7; Email Address: geoffrey.f.bomarito@nasa.gov Warner, J. 7; Email Address: james.e.warner@nasa.gov Carter, B. 8; Email Address: bjc21@cornell.edu Warner, D. 8; Email Address: reddhw52@cornell.edu Ingraffea, A. 8; Email Address: ari1@cornell.edu Zhang, T. 9; Email Address: tzhang@gem-innovation.com Fang, X. 9; Email Address: xfang@gem-innovation.com Lua, J. 9; Email Address: jlua@gem-innovation.com Chiaruttini, V. 10; Email Address: vincent.chiaruttini@onera.fr; Affiliation:  1: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque USA  2: Northwestern University, Evanston USA  3: The American University in Cairo, New Cairo Egypt  4: CanmetMATERIALS, Natural Resources Canada, Hamilton Canada  5: GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna USA  6: Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH) Regensburg, Regensburg Germany  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  8: Cornell University, Ithaca USA  9: Global Engineering and Materials Inc., Princeton USA  10: Onera, Université Paris-Saclay, Châtillon France; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 198 Issue 1/2, p5; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: DUCTILITY; Subject Term: NOTCH effect; Subject Term: SHEAR strength; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fracture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metal; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rupture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tearing; Number of Pages: 96p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10704-016-0089-7
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113822010&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cerrone, A.
AU  - Nonn, A.
AU  - Hochhalter, J.
AU  - Bomarito, G.
AU  - Warner, J.
AU  - Carter, B.
AU  - Warner, D.
AU  - Ingraffea, A.
T1  - Predicting failure of the Second Sandia Fracture Challenge geometry with a real-world, time constrained, over-the-counter methodology.
JO  - International Journal of Fracture
JF  - International Journal of Fracture
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 198
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 126
SN  - 03769429
AB  - An over-the-counter methodology to predict fracture initiation and propagation in the challenge specimen of the Second Sandia Fracture Challenge is detailed herein. This pragmatic approach mimics that of an engineer subjected to real-world time constraints and unquantified uncertainty. First, during the blind prediction phase of the challenge, flow and failure locus curves were calibrated for Ti-6Al-4V with provided tensile and shear test data for slow (0.0254 mm/s) and fast (25.4 mm/s) loading rates. Thereafter, these models were applied to a 3D finite-element mesh of the non-standardized challenge geometry with nominal dimensions to predict, among other items, crack path and specimen response. After the blind predictions were submitted to Sandia National Labs, they were improved upon by addressing anisotropic yielding, damage initiation under shear dominance, and boundary condition selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fracture is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics)
KW  - SHEAR strength
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - CONSTRAINT algorithms
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - Anisotropic yielding
KW  - Failure locus curve
KW  - Sandia Fracture Challenge
KW  - Ti-6Al-4V
N1  - Accession Number: 113822012; Cerrone, A. 1; Email Address: Albert.Cerrone@ge.com Nonn, A. 2 Hochhalter, J. 3 Bomarito, G. 3 Warner, J. 3 Carter, B. 4 Warner, D. 4 Ingraffea, A. 4; Affiliation:  1: GE Global Research Center, Niskayuna USA  2: Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule (OTH), Regensburg Germany  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  4: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 198 Issue 1/2, p117; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: CRACK propagation (Fracture mechanics); Subject Term: SHEAR strength; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: CONSTRAINT algorithms; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anisotropic yielding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure locus curve; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sandia Fracture Challenge; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ti-6Al-4V; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10704-016-0086-x
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113822012&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gupta, K. K.
AU  - Choi, S. B.
AU  - Ibrahim, H.
T1  - Development-Fluid-Dynamics-Based Aerothermoelastic Simulation Capability with Application to Flight Vehicles.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 360
EP  - 368
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Aerodynamic heating on structural surfaces plays an important role in the aeroelastic stability of flight vehicles, particularly in a high-temperature environment. The thermal effects of high-speed flow, obtained from a heat-conduction analysis, at the end of an unsteady time step are incorporated in the model solution, which in turn affects the unsteady flow arising out of interaction of the elastic structure with the air. This paper describes the development, implementation, and application of a highly integrated computational-fluid-dynamics-based aerothermoelastic analysis capability and the resulting code. The associated methodology employs the common finite element discretization for both fluid and structure disciplines using unstructured grids. An aeroelastic matrix formulation that uses a transpiration technique in lieu of aerodynamics mesh updating affects an efficient and accurate simulation of the aerothermoelastic phenomenon. The first example problem of a cantilever wing demonstrates the possible severity of thermal effects on a flutter mechanism. The second example of the X-43 hypersonic flight vehicle shows that the current procedure and the code can effectively solve complex practical problems with moderate computational resources. The accuracy and relative efficiency of the computational-fluid-dynamics and structural solutions are verified using actual flight and ground vibration tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - THERMOELASTICITY
KW  - AERODYNAMIC heating
KW  - STRUCTURAL engineering
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - HIGH temperatures
N1  - Accession Number: 114582037; Gupta, K. K. 1 Choi, S. B. 2 Ibrahim, H. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards, California 93523  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032  3: Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p360; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: THERMOELASTICITY; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC heating; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL engineering; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033346
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114582037&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Broeren, Andy P.
AU  - Lee, Sam
AU  - Clark, Catherine
T1  - Aerodynamic Effects of Anti-Icing Fluids on a Thin High-Performance Wing Section.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 451
EP  - 462
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The Federal Aviation Administration has worked with Transport Canada and others to develop allowance times for aircraft operating in ice-pellet precipitation based upon wind-tunnel experiments with a thin high-performance wing. These allowance times are applicable to many different airplanes. Therefore, the aim of this work is to characterize the aerodynamic behavior of the wing section in order to better understand the adverse aerodynamic effects of anti-icing fluids and ice-pellet contamination. Aerodynamic performance tests, boundary-layer surveys, and flow visualization were conducted at a Reynolds number of approximately 6.0 × 106 and a Mach number of 0.12. Roughness and leading-edge flow disturbances were employed to simulate the aerodynamic impact of the anti-icing fluids and contamination. In the linear portion of the lift curve, the primary aerodynamic effect is the thickening of the downstream boundary layer due to the accumulation of fluid and contamination. This causes a reduction in lift coefficient and an increase in pitching moment (nose up) due to an effective decambering of the wing. The stalling characteristics of the wing with fluid and contamination appear to be driven at least partially by the effects of a secondary wave of fluid that forms near the leading edge as the wing is rotated in the simulated takeoff profile. These results have provided a much more complete understanding of the adverse aerodynamic effects of anti-icing fluids and ice-pellet contamination on this wing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - ICE prevention & control
KW  - FLUID mechanics
KW  - AIRPLANE wings
KW  - UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration
KW  - CANADA. Transport Canada
N1  - Accession Number: 114582046; Broeren, Andy P. 1 Lee, Sam 2 Clark, Catherine 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Vantage Partners, LLC, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: National Research Council, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p451; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ICE prevention & control; Subject Term: FLUID mechanics; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Federal Aviation Administration Company/Entity: CANADA. Transport Canada; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 926120 Regulation and Administration of Transportation Programs; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033384
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114582046&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Park, Michael A.
AU  - Morgenstern, John M.
T1  - Summary and Statistical Analysis of the First AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 578
EP  - 598
SN  - 00218669
AB  - A summary is provided for the First AIAA Sonic Boom Workshop held 11 January 2014 in conjunction with AIAA SciTech 2014. Near-field pressure signatures extracted from computational-fluid-dynamics solutions are gathered from 19 participants (representing three countries) for the two required cases: an axisymmetric body and a simple delta-wing configuration. Structured multiblock, unstructured mixed-element, unstructured tetrahedral, overset, and Cartesian cut-cell methods are used by the participants. Participants provided signatures computed on a series of uniformly refined workshop provided grids and participant-generated and solution-adapted grids. These submissions are propagated to the ground, and noise measures are computed. This allows the grid convergence of a noise measure and a validation metric (difference norm between computed and wind-tunnel-measured near-field signatures) to be studied for the first time. A statistical analysis is also presented for these measures. An optional configuration includes fuselage, wing, tail, flow-through nacelles, and blade sting. More variation in computed noise measures are observed for this full configuration than the required cases. Recommendations are provided for potential improvements to the analysis methods and a possible subsequent workshop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SONIC boom
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - NOISE -- Measurement
KW  - AMERICAN Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics
N1  - Accession Number: 114582055; Park, Michael A. 1 Morgenstern, John M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Computational AeroSciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Advanced Development Programs, Lockheed Martin Aeronautics Company, Palmdale, California 93599; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p578; Subject Term: SONIC boom; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: NOISE -- Measurement; Company/Entity: AMERICAN Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics DUNS Number: 068238583; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033449
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114582055&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, X.
AU  - Tang, W.
AU  - Reynolds, A.P.
AU  - Tayon, W.A.
AU  - Brice, C.A.
T1  - Strain and texture in friction extrusion of aluminum wire.
JO  - Journal of Materials Processing Technology
JF  - Journal of Materials Processing Technology
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 229
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 198
SN  - 09240136
AB  - Friction extrusion is a solid-state process that can produce high quality, fully consolidated wire or rod directly from metal chips, powder or billet. However, little is understood regarding the variation in material flow or extrusion strain with changes in processing parameters. Extrusion strain level may be of great import in determining whether or not the charge is fully consolidated. In order to explore the material deformation behavior during this process, flow visualization experiments were conducted using AA6061 billets with AA2195 as a marker insert. Variations in material flow during a single extrusion were documented and correlated with changes in grain size, which has previously been correlated with extrusion temperature. Marker shape was used to make an approximation of imposed strain during the extrusion as a function of relative extrusion temperature. Also, tests using various extrusion forces and die rotation speeds were conducted. The influence of extrusion parameters on deformation evolution was elucidated and discussed. Grain orientation analysis conducted using electron backscatter diffraction showed a fully recrystallized microstructure with weak texture indicating that recrystallization was likely a static process occurring after passage of the wire through the die. Key findings include: (1) longitudinal strain is solely a function of overall reduction (2) in plane shear strain decreases with increasing extrusion temperature, and (3) with increasing extrusion temperature, friction extrusion becomes similar to normal extrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Processing Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - METALS -- Extrusion
KW  - ALUMINUM wire
KW  - SOLID state chemistry
KW  - METAL powders
KW  - Aluminum
KW  - Crystallographic texture
KW  - Friction extrusion
KW  - Marker insert technique
N1  - Accession Number: 111409595; Li, X. 1; Email Address: li292@email.sc.edu Tang, W. 1; Email Address: tangw@ornl.gov Reynolds, A.P. 1 Tayon, W.A. 2 Brice, C.A. 2; Email Address: craig.a.brice@lmco.com; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, 300 Main Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, 11 Langley Blvd Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 229, p191; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: METALS -- Extrusion; Subject Term: ALUMINUM wire; Subject Term: SOLID state chemistry; Subject Term: METAL powders; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aluminum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystallographic texture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Friction extrusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marker insert technique; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331318 Other Aluminum Rolling, Drawing, and Extruding; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331492 Secondary Smelting, Refining, and Alloying of Nonferrous Metal (except Copper and Aluminum); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2015.09.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111409595&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ham, Seung-Hee
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Rose, Fred G.
T1  - Correction of ocean hemispherical spectral reflectivity for longwave irradiance computations.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 171
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 65
SN  - 00224073
AB  - This study demonstrates that upward infrared irradiances have negative modeling biases when the ocean hemispherical spectral reflectivity is used. The biases increase with increasing air temperature and with decreasing water vapor amount. Spectral biases in the surface upward longwave irradiance from 4 μm to 80 μm are between −0.4 and 0 W m −2 μm −1 , while longwave broadband biases are between −2 and −1 W m −2 . The negative biases stem from surface-reflected component because an irradiance radiative transfer model ignores the correlation between the downward radiance and directional reflectivity. Therefore, a positive correction factor to the hemispherical spectral reflectivity for the irradiance radiative transfer model is needed. A simple parameterization using an anisotropic factor for downward radiances is developed to correct reflectivity for various atmospheric conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REFLECTANCE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - WATER vapor
KW  - WATER temperature
KW  - PARAMETERIZATION
KW  - Directional reflectivity
KW  - Hemispherical reflectivity
KW  - Irradiance
KW  - Longwave
KW  - Reflectivity correction factor
N1  - Accession Number: 112311877; Ham, Seung-Hee 1; Email Address: seung-hee.ham@nasa.gov Kato, Seiji 2 Rose, Fred G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc. (SSAI), Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 171, p57; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: WATER vapor; Subject Term: WATER temperature; Subject Term: PARAMETERIZATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Directional reflectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hemispherical reflectivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Irradiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Longwave; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reflectivity correction factor; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.12.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112311877&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mehta, Unmeel
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael
AU  - Bowles, Jeffrey
AU  - Pandya, Shishir
T1  - Skylon Aerospace Plane and Its Aerodynamics and Plumes.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 53
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 340
EP  - 353
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The Skylon concept incorporates the highly innovative synergetic air-breathing rocket engine concept that has the potential to revolutionize the mode of propulsion for transportation of medium-weight payloads to low Earth orbits. An independent partial assessment is provided of the technical viability of the Skylon concept. Pressure lift and drag coefficients derived from Euler simulations for unpowered flight compare very well and fairly well, respectively, with those from engineering methods. The engineering-method coefficients for powered flight are increasingly less acceptable as the freestream Mach number is increased beyond 8.5 because these methods did not account for the increasing favorable (in terms of pressure forces) effect of underexpanded rocket engine plumes on the aft fuselage. At Mach numbers greater than 8.5, the thermal environment around the aft fuselage is a known unknown: a potential design and/or performance risk issue. The adverse effects of shock waves on the aft fuselage and plume-induced flow separation are other potential risks. A preliminary design of Skylon requires the judicious use of a combination of engineering methods, advanced methods based on required physics or analytical fidelity, test data, and independent assessments. The demonstration of a synergetic air-breathing rocket-engine-powered experimental aerospace plane calls for the second revival of the Aerospace Plane Program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE planes
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - PLUMES (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - SPACE flight propulsion systems
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - MACH number
N1  - Accession Number: 114636321; Mehta, Unmeel 1 Aftosmis, Michael 2 Bowles, Jeffrey 3 Pandya, Shishir 4; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division; Associate Fellow AIAA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Aerospace Engineer, Applied Modeling and Simulation Branch; Associate Fellow AIA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  3: Aerospace Engineer, System Analysis Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  4: Aerospace Engineer, Fundamental Modeling and Simulation Branch; Senior Member AIAA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 53 Issue 2, p340; Subject Term: AEROSPACE planes; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: PLUMES (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Subject Term: SPACE flight propulsion systems; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: MACH number; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33408
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114636321&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
T1  - Titan as the Abode of Life.
JO  - Life (2075-1729)
JF  - Life (2075-1729)
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 6
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
SN  - 20751729
AB  - Titan is the only world we know, other than Earth, that has a liquid on its surface. It also has a thick atmosphere composed of nitrogen and methane with a thick organic haze. There are lakes, rain, and clouds of methane and ethane. Here, we address the question of carbon-based life living in Titan liquids. Photochemically produced organics, particularly acetylene, in Titan's atmosphere could be a source of biological energy when reacted with atmospheric hydrogen. Light levels on the surface of Titan are more than adequate for photosynthesis, but the biochemical limitations due to the few elements available in the environment may lead only to simple ecosystems that only consume atmospheric nutrients. Life on Titan may make use of the trace metals and other inorganic elements produced by meteorites as they ablate in its atmosphere. It is conceivable that H2O molecules on Titan could be used in a biochemistry that is rooted in hydrogen bonds in a way that metals are used in enzymes by life on Earth. Previous theoretical work has shown possible membrane structures, azotosomes, in Titan liquids, azotosomes, composed of small organic nitrogen compounds, such as acrylonitrile. The search for a plausible information molecule for life in Titan liquids remains an open research topic--polyethers have been considered and shown to be insoluble at Titan temperatures. Possible search strategies for life on Titan include looking for unusual concentrations of certain molecules reflecting biological selection. Homochirality is a special and powerful example of such biology selection. Environmentally, a depletion of hydrogen in the lower atmosphere may be a sign of metabolism. A discovery of life in liquid methane and ethane would be our first compelling indication that the universe is full of diverse and wondrous life forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Life (2075-1729) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - LIFE (Biology)
KW  - METHANE -- Environmental aspects
KW  - life
KW  - methane
KW  - second genesis
KW  - Titan
N1  - Accession Number: 114026315; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 6 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: LIFE (Biology); Subject Term: METHANE -- Environmental aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: life; Author-Supplied Keyword: methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: second genesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/life6010008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114026315&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bergfors, C.
AU  - Brandner, W.
AU  - Bonnefoy, M.
AU  - Schlieder, J.
AU  - Janson, M.
AU  - Henning, Th.
AU  - Chauvin, G.
T1  - Characterization of close visual binaries from the AstraLux Large M Dwarf Survey.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/03//3/1/2016
VL  - 456
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2576
EP  - 2585
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present Very Large Telescope/Spectrograph for INtegral Field Observations in the Near Infrared (VLT/SINFONI) J, H + K spectra of seven close visual pairs inMdwarf binary/triple systems, discovered or observed by the AstraLux M dwarf survey. We determine the spectral types to within ±1.0 subclasses from comparison to template spectra and the strength of K-band water absorption, and derive effective temperatures. The results are compared to optical spectral types of the unresolved binary/multiple systems, and we confirm that our photometric method to derive spectral types in the AstraLux M dwarf survey is accurate. We look for signs of youth such as chromospheric activity and low surface gravity, and find an age in the range 0.25-1 Gyr for the GJ 852 system. Strong Li absorption is detected in optical spectra of the triple system J024902 obtained with the Fiberfed Extended Range Optical Spectrograph (FEROS) at the European Southern Observatory (ESO)-Max-Planck- Gesellschaft (MPG) 2.2 m telescope. The equivalent width of the absorption suggests an age consistent with the β Pic moving group. However, further observations are needed to establish group membership. Ongoing orbital monitoring will provide dynamical masses and thus calibration of evolutionary models for low mass stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - VERY large telescopes
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - SPECTROGRAPHS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - binaries: visual
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: low-mass
KW  - stars: premain-sequence
N1  - Accession Number: 112752900; Bergfors, C. 1,2; Email Address: c.bergfors@ucl.ac.uk Brandner, W. 2 Bonnefoy, M. 3,4 Schlieder, J. 5 Janson, M. 6 Henning, Th. 2 Chauvin, G. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 132 Hampstead Road, London NW1 2PS, UK  2: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France  4: CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Institutionen för astronomi, Stockholms universitet, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: 3/1/2016, Vol. 456 Issue 3, p2576; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: VERY large telescopes; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: SPECTROGRAPHS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: visual; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: premain-sequence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2768
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang Jiang
AU  - Caves, Carlton M.
T1  - Particle-number-conserving Bogoliubov approximation for Bose-Einstein condensates using extended catalytic states.
JO  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 93
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 10502947
AB  - We encode the many-body wave function of a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in the N-particle sector of an extended catalytic state. This catalytic state is a coherent state for the condensate mode and an arbitrary state for the modes orthogonal to the condensate mode. Going to a time-dependent interaction picture where the state of the condensate mode is displaced to the vacuum, we can organize the effective Hamiltonian by powers of N-1/2. Requiring the terms of order N1/2 to vanish gives the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Going to the next order, N0, we derive equations for the number-conserving Bogoliubov approximation, first given by Castin and Dum [Phys. Rev. A 57, 3008 (1998)]. In contrast to other approaches, ours is well suited to calculating the state evolution in the Schrödinger picture; moreover, it is straightforward to generalize our method to multicomponent BECs and to higher-order corrections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHYSICS periodicals
KW  - WAVE functions
KW  - BOSE-Einstein condensation
KW  - COHERENT states
KW  - ZHANG Jiang
KW  - CAVES, Carlton M.
N1  - Accession Number: 117404491; Zhang Jiang 1,2,3; Email Address: zhang.jiang@nasa.gov Caves, Carlton M. 1,4; Email Address: ccaves@unm.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Quantum Information and Control, University of New Mexico, MSC07-4220, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (QuAIL), Mail Stop 269-1,Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Rd., Suite 400, Greenbelt, Maryland 20770, USA  4: Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 93 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: PHYSICS periodicals; Subject Term: WAVE functions; Subject Term: BOSE-Einstein condensation; Subject Term: COHERENT states; People: ZHANG Jiang; People: CAVES, Carlton M.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevA.93.033623
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117404491&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman G.
AU  - Manalo-Smith, Natividad
AU  - Wenying Su
AU  - Shankar, Mohan
AU  - Thomas, Susan
T1  - CERES Top-of-Atmosphere Earth Radiation Budget Climate Data Record: Accounting for in-Orbit Changes in Instrument Calibration.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 8
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) project provides observations of Earth's radiation budget using measurements from CERES instruments onboard the Terra, Aqua and Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellites. As the objective is to create a long-term climate data record, it is necessary to periodically reprocess the data in order to incorporate the latest calibration changes and algorithm improvements. Here, we focus on the improvements and validation of CERES Terra and Aqua radiances in Edition 4, which are used to generate higher-level climate data products. Onboard sources indicate that the total (TOT) channel response to longwave (LW) radiation has increased relative to the start of the missions by 0.4% to 1%. In the shortwave (SW), the sensor response change ranges from -0.4% to 0.6%. To account for in-orbit changes in SW spectral response function (SRF), direct nadir radiance comparisons between instrument pairs on the same satellite are made and an improved wavelength dependent degradation model is used to adjust the SRF of the instrument operating in a rotating azimuth plane scan mode. After applying SRF corrections independently to CERES Terra and Aqua, monthly variations amongst these instruments are highly correlated and the standard deviation in the difference of monthly anomalies is 0.2 Wm-2 for ocean and 0.3 Wm-2 for land/desert. Additionally, trends in CERES Terra and Aqua monthly anomalies are consistent to 0.21 Wm-2 per decade for ocean and 0.31 Wm-2 per decade for land/desert. In the LW, adjustments to the TOT channel SRF are made to ensure that removal of the contribution from the SW portion of the TOT channel with SW channel radiance measurements during daytime is consistent throughout the mission. Accordingly, anomalies in day-night LW difference in Edition 4 are more consistent compared to Edition 3, particularly for the Aqua land/desert case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - CLOUDS -- Environmental aspects
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Orbital assembly
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - THERMISTORS
KW  - calibration
KW  - climate
KW  - earth radiation budget
KW  - radiance
KW  - satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 114038250; Loeb, Norman G. 1; Email Address: norman.g.loeb@nasa.gov Manalo-Smith, Natividad 2; Email Address: nitchie.smith@nasa.gov Wenying Su 1; Email Address: wenying.su-1@nasa.gov Shankar, Mohan 2; Email Address: mohan.shankar-1@nasa.gov Thomas, Susan 2; Email Address: susan.thomas-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 1 Enterprise Pkwy #200, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 8 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Orbital assembly; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: THERMISTORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: earth radiation budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiance; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs8030182
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114038250&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - William J Borucki
T1  - KEPLER Mission: development and overview.
JO  - Reports on Progress in Physics
JF  - Reports on Progress in Physics
Y1  - 2016/03//
VL  - 79
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00344885
AB  - The Kepler Mission is a space observatory launched in 2009 by NASA to monitor 170 000 stars over a period of four years to determine the frequency of Earth-size and larger planets in and near the habitable zone of Sun-like stars, the size and orbital distributions of these planets, and the types of stars they orbit. Kepler is the tenth in the series of NASA Discovery Program missions that are competitively-selected, PI-directed, medium-cost missions. The Mission concept and various instrument prototypes were developed at the Ames Research Center over a period of 18 years starting in 1983. The development of techniques to do the 10 ppm photometry required for Mission success took years of experimentation, several workshops, and the exploration of many ‘blind alleys’ before the construction of the flight instrument. Beginning in 1992 at the start of the NASA Discovery Program, the Kepler Mission concept was proposed five times before its acceptance for mission development in 2001. During that period, the concept evolved from a photometer in an L2 orbit that monitored 6000 stars in a 50 sq deg field-of-view (FOV) to one that was in a heliocentric orbit that simultaneously monitored 170 000 stars with a 105 sq deg FOV. Analysis of the data to date has detected over 4600 planetary candidates which include several hundred Earth-size planetary candidates, over a thousand confirmed planets, and Earth-size planets in the habitable zone (HZ). These discoveries provide the information required for estimates of the frequency of planets in our galaxy. The Mission results show that most stars have planets, many of these planets are similar in size to the Earth, and that systems with several planets are common. Although planets in the HZ are common, many are substantially larger than Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Reports on Progress in Physics is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - HABITABLE zone (Outer space)
KW  - PHOTOMETERS
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 113954549; William J Borucki 1; Email Address: William.J.Borucki@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: March 2016, Vol. 79 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: HABITABLE zone (Outer space); Subject Term: PHOTOMETERS; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423490 Other Professional Equipment and Supplies Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0034-4885/79/3/036901
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113954549&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kokkila Schumacher, Sara I. L.
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Characterization of the Azirinyl Cation and Its Isomers.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2016/03/03/
VL  - 120
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1275
EP  - 1282
SN  - 10895639
AB  - The azirinyl cation (C2H2N+) and its geometrical isomers could be present in the interstellar medium. The C2H2N+ isomers are, however, difficult to identify in interstellar chemistry because of the lack of high-resolution spectroscopic data from laboratory experiments. Ab initio quantum chemical methods were used to characterize the structures, relative energies, and spectroscopic and physical properties of the low energy isomers of the azirinyl cation. We have employed second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), second-order Z-averaged perturbation theory (ZAPT2), and coupled cluster theory with singles and doubles with perturbative triples CCSD(T) methods along with large correlation consistent basis sets such as cc-pVTZ, cc-pCVTZ, cc-pVQZ, cc-pCVQZ, and cc-pV5Z. Harmonic vibrational frequencies, dipole moments, rotational constants, and proton affinities for the lowest energy isomers were calculated using the CCSD(T) method. Azirinyl cation, a cyclic isomer, is lowest in energy at all levels of theory employed. Azirinyl cation is followed by the cyanomethyl cation (H2CCN)+, isocyanomethyl cation (H2CNC)+, and a quasilinear HCCNH+ cation, which are 13.8, 17.3, and 21.5 kcal mol-1 above the cyclic isomer, respectively, at the CCSD(T)/cc-pV5Z level of theory. The lowest three isomers all have C2v symmetry and ¹A1 ground electronic states. The quasilinear HCCNH+ cation has a Cs symmetry planar structure, and a ³A" electronic ground state, unlike what some previous work suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATIONS -- Synthesis
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ISOMERS
KW  - PERTURBATION (Mathematics)
KW  - VIBRATION (Mechanics) -- Measurement
KW  - DIPOLE moments
N1  - Accession Number: 114317456; Kokkila Schumacher, Sara I. L. 1 Bera, Partha P. 1,2 Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: timothy.j.lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, California 94035, United States  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, California 94952, United States; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 120 Issue 8, p1275; Subject Term: CATIONS -- Synthesis; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ISOMERS; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Mathematics); Subject Term: VIBRATION (Mechanics) -- Measurement; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12373
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114317456&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen, Baochau N.
AU  - Cudjoe, Elvis
AU  - Douglas, Anna
AU  - Scheiman, Daniel
AU  - McCorkle, Linda
AU  - Meador, Mary Ann B.
AU  - Rowan, Stuart J.
T1  - Polyimide Cellulose Nanocrystal Composite Aerogels.
JO  - Macromolecules
JF  - Macromolecules
Y1  - 2016/03/08/
VL  - 49
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1692
EP  - 1703
SN  - 00249297
AB  - Cellulose nanocrystals derived from tunicates (t-CNC) were used as a reinforcing nanofiller for polyimide aerogels. Two sets of polyimide aerogels, containing either 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (DMBZ) or 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) and 3,3',4,4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BPDA) cross-linked with 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (TAB), were studied. Total solids composition of the aerogels were kept constant at 7.5 wt %, with 0-13.33 wt % of the total solids being the carboxylic acid-functionalized t-CNC (t-CNC-COOH) filler. The incorporation of the t-CNC-COOH, with carboxylic acid content of either 560 or 920 mmol/kg, in the polyimide aerogel networks improved both physical and mechanical properties of the final materials. Isothermal aging of t-CNC-COOH aerogel composites was also conducted at 150 and 200 °C for 24 h. Higher content t-CNC-COOH/polyimide aerogels showed less change in their density and reduced shrinkage during aging, which further emphasized the effect of the t-CNC-COOH reinforcement in retaining the structural integrity of the aerogel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Macromolecules is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLOIDS
KW  - CELLULOSE nanocrystals
KW  - NANOCRYSTALS
KW  - GLUCANS
KW  - AEROGELS
N1  - Accession Number: 114337463; Nguyen, Baochau N. 1 Cudjoe, Elvis 2 Douglas, Anna 3 Scheiman, Daniel 1 McCorkle, Linda 1 Meador, Mary Ann B. 3; Email Address: maryann.meador@nasa.gov Rowan, Stuart J. 2; Email Address: stuart.rowan@case.edu; Affiliation:  1: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44142, United States  2: Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2100 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 49 Issue 5, p1692; Subject Term: COLLOIDS; Subject Term: CELLULOSE nanocrystals; Subject Term: NANOCRYSTALS; Subject Term: GLUCANS; Subject Term: AEROGELS; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01573
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - G. Guerrero
AU  - P. K. Smolarkiewicz
AU  - E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino
AU  - A. G. Kosovichev
AU  - N. N. Mansour
T1  - ON THE ROLE OF TACHOCLINES IN SOLAR AND STELLAR DYNAMOS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03/10/
VL  - 819
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Rotational shear layers at the boundary between radiative and convective zones, tachoclines, play a key role in the process of magnetic field generation in solar-like stars. We present two sets of global simulations of rotating turbulent convection and dynamo. The first set considers a stellar convective envelope only; the second one, aiming at the formation of a tachocline, also considers the upper part of the radiative zone. Our results indicate that the resulting properties of the mean flows and dynamo, such as the growth rate, saturation energy, and mode, depend on the Rossby number (Ro). For the first set of models either oscillatory (with ∼2 yr period) or steady dynamo solutions are obtained. The models in the second set naturally develop a tachocline, which in turn leads to the generation of a strong mean magnetic field. Since the field is also deposited in the stable deeper layer, its evolutionary timescale is much longer than in the models without a tachocline. Surprisingly, the magnetic field in the upper turbulent convection zone evolves on the same timescale as the deep field. These models result in either an oscillatory dynamo with a ∼30 yr period or a steady dynamo depending on Ro. In terms of the mean-field dynamo coefficients computed using the first-order smoothing approximation, the field evolution in the oscillatory models without a tachocline seems to be consistent with dynamo waves propagating according to the Parker–Yoshimura sign rule. In the models with tachoclines the dynamics is more complex and involves other transport mechanisms as well as tachocline instabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - STARS -- Magnetic fields
KW  - COSMIC magnetic fields
KW  - EVOLUTIONARY theories
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
N1  - Accession Number: 113873267; G. Guerrero 1; Email Address: guerrero@fisica.ufmg.br P. K. Smolarkiewicz 2; Email Address: smolar@ecmwf.int E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino 3; Email Address: dalpino@astro.iag.usp.br A. G. Kosovichev 4 N. N. Mansour 5; Email Address: Nagi.N.Mansour@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil  2: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, UK  3: Astronomy Department, IAG-USP Rua do mato, 1226, São Paulo, SP, 05508-090, Brazil  4: New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07103, USA  5: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94040, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2016, Vol. 819 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: STARS -- Magnetic fields; Subject Term: COSMIC magnetic fields; Subject Term: EVOLUTIONARY theories; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/104
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113873267&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ryan C. Fortenberry
AU  - Joseph S. Francisco
AU  - Timothy J. Lee
T1  - TOWARD THE ASTRONOMICAL DETECTION OF THE PROTON-BOUND COMPLEX NN–HCO+: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SPECTRA OF PROTOPLANETARY DISKS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03/10/
VL  - 819
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Proton-bound complexes have been hypothesized as further means of detecting the nitrogen molecule in the interstellar medium. The study of such complexes has largely been hindered by the necessary experimental setups utilized or by their difficulty in producing and/or analyzing computed potential energy surfaces. Here the NN–HCO+ proton-bound complex is analyzed via quartic force fields (QFFs). While QFFs have produced meaningful results for other proton-bound complexes, they have been hindered by double-well potentials or flat potential surfaces. NN–HCO+ is not affected by these constraints. This strongly dipolar (3.63 D) molecule can be observed rotationally unlike the more heavily analyzed OCHCO+ and NNHNN+ proton-bound complexes. Additionally, the large absorption feature corresponding to the proton motion, a hallmark of proton-bound complexes, is much higher in frequency at 2547.1 cm−1, changing the range of experimental observation for the bright frequency. NN–HCO+ is hypothesized to be present in protoplanetary disks where N2H+ and CO are known. As such, it may help to influence the nitrogen budget of planet-forming astronomical regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - QUARTIC fields
KW  - PLANETS -- Spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 113873295; Ryan C. Fortenberry 1; Email Address: rfortenberry@georgiasouthern.edu Joseph S. Francisco 2 Timothy J. Lee 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 3/10/2016, Vol. 819 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: QUARTIC fields; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Spectra; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/819/2/141
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113873295&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Richard, Samuel
AU  - Nelson, Richard P.
AU  - Umurhan, Orkan M.
T1  - Vortex formation in protoplanetary discs induced by the vertical shear instability.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/03/11/
VL  - 456
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3571
EP  - 3584
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the results of 2D and 3D hydrodynamic simulations of idealized protoplanetary discs that examine the formation and evolution of vortices by the vertical shear instability (VSI). In agreement with recent work, we find that discs with radially decreasing temperature profiles and short thermal relaxation time-scales, are subject to the axisymmetric VSI. In three dimensions, the resulting velocity perturbations give rise to quasi-axisymmetric potential vorticity perturbations that break up into discrete vortices, in a manner that is reminiscent of the Rossby wave instability. Discs with very short thermal evolution time-scales (i.e. &#964 ≤ 0.1 local orbit periods) develop strong vorticity perturbations that roll up into vortices that have small aspect ratios (≤ 2) and short lifetimes (~ a few orbits). Longer thermal time-scales give rise to vortices with larger aspect ratios (6 ≤ χ ≤ 10), and lifetimes that depend on the entropy gradient. A steeply decreasing entropy profile leads to vortex lifetimes that exceed the simulation run times of hundreds of orbital periods. Vortex lifetimes in discs with positive or weakly decreasing entropy profiles are much shorter, being 10s of orbits at most, suggesting that the subcritical baroclinic instability plays an important role in sustaining vortices against destruction through the elliptical instability. Applied to the outer regions of protoplanetary discs, where the VSI is most likely to occur, our results suggest that vortices formed by the VSI are likely to be short-lived structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VORTEX theory (Astrophysics)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - SHEAR strength
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - accretion
KW  - accretion discs
KW  - hydrodynamics
KW  - instabilities
KW  - protoplanetary discs
KW  - turbulence
N1  - Accession Number: 112920811; Richard, Samuel 1; Email Address: samuel.richard@qmul.ac.uk Nelson, Richard P. 1 Umurhan, Orkan M. 2,3; Email Address: orkan.m.umurhan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London E1 4NS, UK  2: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Way, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 3/11/2016, Vol. 456 Issue 4, p3571; Subject Term: VORTEX theory (Astrophysics); Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: SHEAR strength; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: instabilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: protoplanetary discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2898
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112920811&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Siwak, Michal
AU  - Ogloza, Waldemar
AU  - Rucinski, Slavek M.
AU  - Moffat, Anthony F. J.
AU  - Matthews, Jaymie M.
AU  - Cameron, Chris
AU  - Guenther, David B.
AU  - Kuschnig, Rainer
AU  - Rowe, Jason F.
AU  - Sasselov, Dimitar
AU  - Weiss, Werner W.
T1  - Stable and unstable accretion in the classical T Tauri stars IM Lup and RU Lup as observed by MOST.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/03/11/
VL  - 456
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3972
EP  - 3984
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Results of the time variability monitoring of the two classical T Tauri stars, RU Lup and IM Lup, are presented. Three photometric data sets were utilized: (1) simultaneous (same field) MOST satellite observations over four weeks in each of the years 2012 and 2013, (2) multicolour observations at the South African Astronomical Observatory in April-May of 2013, (3) archival V-filter All Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) data for nine seasons, 2001- 2009. They were augmented by an analysis of high-resolution, public-domain VLT-UT2 Ultraviolet Visual Echelle Spectrograph spectra from the years 2000 to 2012. From the MOST observations, we infer that irregular light variations of RU Lup are caused by stochastic variability of hotspots induced by unstable accretion. In contrast, the MOST light curves of IM Lup are fairly regular and modulated with a period of about 7.19-7.58 d, which is in accord with ASAS observations showing a well-defined 7.247 ± 0.026 d periodicity. We propose that this is the rotational period of IM Lup and is due to the changing visibility of two antipodal hotspots created near the stellar magnetic poles during the stable process of accretion. Reanalysis of RU Lup high-resolution spectra with the broadening function approach reveals signs of a large polar coldspot, which is fairly stable over 13 years. As the star rotates, the spot-induced depression of intensity in the broadening function profiles changes cyclically with period 3.710 58 d, which was previously found by the spectral cross-correlation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - T Tauri stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - PHOTOMETRIC stereo
KW  - CORRELATION methods (Signal processing)
KW  - accretion, accretion discs
KW  - stars: individual: IMLup
KW  - stars: individual: RULup
KW  - stars: rotation
KW  - stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be
N1  - Accession Number: 112920841; Siwak, Michal 1; Email Address: siwak@nac.oa.uj.edu.pl Ogloza, Waldemar 1 Rucinski, Slavek M. 2 Moffat, Anthony F. J. 3 Matthews, Jaymie M. 4 Cameron, Chris 5 Guenther, David B. 6 Kuschnig, Rainer 4,7 Rowe, Jason F. 8 Sasselov, Dimitar 9 Weiss, Werner W. 7; Affiliation:  1: Mount Suhora Astronomical Observatory, Cracov Pedagogical University, ul. Podchorazych 2, PL-30-084 Cracow, Poland  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H4, Canada  3: Départment de Physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  4: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada  5: Department of Mathematics, Physics & Geology, Cape Breton University, 1250 Grand Lake Road, Sydney, NS B1P 6L2, Canada  6: Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada  7: Institut für Astrophysik, Universität Wien, Türkenschanzstrasse 17, A-1180 Wien, Austria  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 3/11/2016, Vol. 456 Issue 4, p3972; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: T Tauri stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRIC stereo; Subject Term: CORRELATION methods (Signal processing); Author-Supplied Keyword: accretion, accretion discs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: IMLup; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: RULup; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: rotation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: variables: T Tauri, Herbig Ae/Be; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2848
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112920841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tokgöz, Çağatay
AU  - Dardona, Sameh
AU  - Soldner, Nicholas C.
AU  - Wheeler, Kevin R.
T1  - Modeling and characterization of partially inserted electrical connector faults.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2016/03/14/
VL  - 119
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
PB  - American Institute of Physics
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Faults within electrical connectors are prominent in avionics systems due to improper installation, corrosion, aging, and strained harnesses. These faults usually start off as undetectable with existing inspection techniques and increase in magnitude during the component lifetime. Detection and modeling of these faults are significantly more challenging than hard failures such as open and short circuits. Hence, enabling the capability to locate and characterize the precursors of these faults is critical for timely preventive maintenance and mitigation well before hard failures occur. In this paper, an electrical connector model based on a two-level nonlinear least squares approach is proposed. The connector is first characterized as a transmission line, broken into key components such as the pin, socket, and connector halves. Then, the fact that the resonance frequencies of the connector shift as insertion depth changes from a fully inserted to a barely touching contact is exploited. The model precisely captures these shifts by varying only two length parameters. It is demonstrated that the model accurately characterizes a partially inserted connector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC connectors
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - FAULT tolerance (Engineering)
KW  - ELECTRONIC circuits
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - LEAST squares
N1  - Accession Number: 113758306; Tokgöz, Çağatay 1; Email Address: tokgozc@utrc.utc.com Dardona, Sameh 1 Soldner, Nicholas C. 1 Wheeler, Kevin R. 2; Affiliation:  1: United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06118, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRIC connectors; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: FAULT tolerance (Engineering); Subject Term: ELECTRONIC circuits; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: LEAST squares; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335931 Current-Carrying Wiring Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335313 Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4943178
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113758306&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Kihyun
AU  - Park, Chanoh
AU  - Kwon, Donghoon
AU  - Kim, Donghoon
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Jeon, Sangmin
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Silicon nanowire biosensors for detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with high sensitivity.
JO  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
JF  - Biosensors & Bioelectronics
Y1  - 2016/03/15/
VL  - 77
M3  - Article
SP  - 695
EP  - 701
SN  - 09565663
AB  - We have demonstrated highly sensitive and label-free detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), a biomarker for diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, using silicon nanowire field-effect transistors. A honeycomb-like structure is utilized for nanowire configuration to offer improved electrical performance and increased sensing area. The fabricated devices show n-type behavior with a relatively high ON-OFF current ratio, small sub-threshold swing and low gate leakage current. Monoclonal antibodies for cTnI were covalently immobilized on the nanowire surface and the attachment of antibodies is clearly visualized by atomic force microscope. The sensitivity with various concentrations of buffer solution was also investigated in order to determine the optimal buffer condition. The devices exhibit highest sensitivity under buffer solutions with low ion concentration. In addition, the detection limit of the sensor is as low as ∼5 pg/mL, the lowest reported in the literature to date and nearly an order of magnitude smaller than the suggested threshold limit. The fabricated devices demonstrate a good selectivity for detecting cTnI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biosensors & Bioelectronics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON nanowires
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - TROPONIN
KW  - MYOCARDIAL infarction
KW  - DIAGNOSIS
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - Biosensor
KW  - Cardiac troponin I
KW  - Debye length
KW  - Field-effect transistor
KW  - Honeycomb nanowire
KW  - Limit of detection
N1  - Accession Number: 111295368; Kim, Kihyun 1 Park, Chanoh 2 Kwon, Donghoon 3 Kim, Donghoon 4 Meyyappan, M. 1,5 Jeon, Sangmin 3 Lee, Jeong-Soo 2,4; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Lab., Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea  2: Division of IT-Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea  3: Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea  4: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 77, p695; Subject Term: SILICON nanowires; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: TROPONIN; Subject Term: MYOCARDIAL infarction; Subject Term: DIAGNOSIS; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cardiac troponin I; Author-Supplied Keyword: Debye length; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field-effect transistor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Honeycomb nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Limit of detection; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=111295368&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayak, Michael
AU  - Nimmo, Francis
AU  - Udrea, Bogdan
T1  - Effects of mass transfer between Martian satellites on surface geology.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/03/15/
VL  - 267
M3  - Article
SP  - 220
EP  - 231
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Impacts on planetary bodies can lead to both prompt secondary craters and projectiles that reimpact the target body or nearby companions after an extended period, producing so-called “sesquinary” craters. Here we examine sesquinary cratering on the moons of Mars. We model the impact that formed Voltaire, the largest crater on the surface of Deimos, and explore the orbital evolution of resulting high-velocity ejecta across 500 years using four-body physics and particle tracking. The bulk of mass transfer to Phobos occurs in the first 10 2 years after impact, while reaccretion of ejecta to Deimos is predicted to continue out to a 10 4 year timescale (cf. Soter, S. [1971]. Studies of the Terrestrial Planets. Cornell University). Relative orbital geometry between Phobos and Deimos plays a significant role; depending on the relative true longitude, mass transfer between the moons can change by a factor of five. Of the ejecta with a velocity range capable of reaching Phobos, 25–42% by mass reaccretes to Deimos and 12–21% impacts Phobos. Ejecta mass transferred to Mars is <10%. We find that the characteristic impact velocity of sesquinaries on Deimos is an order of magnitude smaller than those of background (heliocentric) hypervelocity impactors and will likely result in different crater morphologies. The time-averaged flux of Deimos material to Phobos can be as high as 11% of the background (heliocentric) direct-to-Phobos impactor flux. This relatively minor contribution suggests that spectrally red terrain on Phobos (Murchie, S., Erard, S. [1996]. Icarus 123, 63–86) is not caused by Deimos material. However the high-velocity ejecta mass reaccreted to Deimos from a Voltaire-sized impact is comparable to the expected background mass accumulated on Deimos between Voltaire-size events. Considering that the high-velocity ejecta contains only 0.5% of the total mass sent into orbit, sesquinary ejecta from a Voltaire-sized impact could feasibly resurface large parts of the Moon, erasing the previous geological record. Dating the surface of Deimos may be more challenging than previously suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROGEOLOGY
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - INNER planets
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 112629875; Nayak, Michael 1,2,3; Email Address: mnayak@ucsc.edu Nimmo, Francis 1 Udrea, Bogdan 4; Affiliation:  1: Dept of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Univ. of California at Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  2: Red Sky Research, LLC, 67 Northland Meadows Dr, Edgewood, NM 87105, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Planetary Systems Branch (SST), Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: Dept of Aerospace Engineering, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Univ, 600 S Clyde Morris, Daytona Beach, FL 32114, United States; Source Info: Mar2016, Vol. 267, p220; Subject Term: ASTROGEOLOGY; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: INNER planets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, satellites; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112629875&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Rask, Jon C.
AU  - Detweiler, Angela M.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Everroad, R. Craig
AU  - Lee, Jackson Z.
AU  - Chanton, Jeffrey P.
AU  - Mayer, Marisa H.
AU  - Caraballo, Adrian A. L.
AU  - Kapili, Bennett
AU  - Al-Awar, Meshgan
AU  - Al-Farraj, Asma
T1  - An Unusual Inverted Saline Microbial Mat Community in an Interdune Sabkha in the Rub' al Khali (the Empty Quarter), United Arab Emirates.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2016/03/16/
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Salt flats (sabkha) are a recognized habitat for microbial life in desert environments and as analogs of habitats for possible life on Mars. Here we report on the physical setting and microbiology of interdune sabkhas among the large dunes in the Rub' al Khali (the Empty Quarter) in Liwa Oasis, United Arab Emirates. The salt flats, composed of gypsum and halite, are moistened by relatively fresh ground water. The result is a salinity gradient that is inverted compared to most salt flat communities with the hypersaline layer at the top and freshwater layers below. We describe and characterize a rich photosynthetically-based microbial ecosystem that is protected from the arid outside environment by a translucent salt crust. Gases collected from sediments under shallow ponds in the sabkha contain methane in concentrations as high as 3400 ppm. The salt crust could preserve biomarkers and other evidence for life in the salt after it dries out. Chloride-filled depressions have been identified on Mars and although surface flow of water is unlikely on Mars today, ground water is possible. Such a near surface system with modern groundwater flowing under ancient salt deposits could be present on Mars and could be accessed by surface rovers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SALT flats
KW  - MICROBIAL ecology
KW  - HABITAT (Ecology)
KW  - DESERT ecology
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SAND dunes
KW  - UNITED Arab Emirates
KW  - Artificial gene amplification and extension
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biological databases
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Cell biology
KW  - Cellular structures and organelles
KW  - Chemical compounds
KW  - Chemical elements
KW  - Chemical properties
KW  - Chemistry
KW  - Cloning
KW  - Database and informatics methods
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Geology
KW  - Methane
KW  - Molecular biology
KW  - Molecular biology techniques
KW  - Non-coding RNA
KW  - Nucleic acids
KW  - Oxygen
KW  - Petrology
KW  - Physical chemistry
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Ribosomal RNA
KW  - Ribosomes
KW  - RNA
KW  - Salinity
KW  - Sediment
KW  - Sedimentary geology
KW  - Sequence analysis
KW  - Sequence databases
KW  - Sequencing techniques
N1  - Accession Number: 113801890; McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: Chris.McKay@NASA.gov Rask, Jon C. 1 Detweiler, Angela M. 1,2 Bebout, Brad M. 1 Everroad, R. Craig 1,2 Lee, Jackson Z. 1,2 Chanton, Jeffrey P. 3 Mayer, Marisa H. 1 Caraballo, Adrian A. L. 1 Kapili, Bennett 1 Al-Awar, Meshgan 4 Al-Farraj, Asma 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, California, United States of America  3: Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America  4: Research and Studies Center, Dubai Police Academy, Dubai, United Arab Emirates  5: Geography Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Source Info: 3/16/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: SALT flats; Subject Term: MICROBIAL ecology; Subject Term: HABITAT (Ecology); Subject Term: DESERT ecology; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SAND dunes; Subject Term: UNITED Arab Emirates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial gene amplification and extension; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biological databases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellular structures and organelles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical elements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Database and informatics methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-coding RNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleic acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Petrology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymerase chain reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ribosomal RNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ribosomes; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Salinity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sediment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sedimentary geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sequence analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sequence databases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sequencing techniques; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0150342
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113801890&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gladstone, G. Randall
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Olkin, Catherine B.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Summers, Michael E.
AU  - Strobel, Darrell F.
AU  - Hinson, David P.
AU  - Kammer, Joshua A.
AU  - Parker, Alex H.
AU  - Steffl, Andrew J.
AU  - Linscott, Ivan R.
AU  - Parker, Joel Wm.
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Slater, David C.
AU  - Versteeg, Maarten H.
AU  - Greathouse, Thomas K.
AU  - Retherford, Kurt D.
AU  - Throop, Henry
T1  - The atmosphere of Pluto as observed by New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/03/18/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6279
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Observations made during the New Horizons flyby provide a detailed snapshot of the current state of Pluto's atmosphere. Whereas the lower atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 200 kilometers) is consistent with ground-based stellar occultations, the upper atmosphere is much colder and more compact than indicated by pre-encounter models. Molecular nitrogen (N2) dominates the atmosphere (at altitudes of less than 1800 kilometers or so), whereas methane (CH4), acetylene (C2H2), ethylene (C2H4), and ethane (C2H6) are abundant minor species and likely feed the production of an extensive haze that encompasses Pluto. The cold upper atmosphere shuts off the anticipated enhanced-Jeans, hydrodynamic-like escape of Pluto's atmosphere to space. It is unclear whether the current state of Pluto's atmosphere is representative of its average state--over seasonal or geologic time scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - HAZE
KW  - METHANE
KW  - ACETYLENE
KW  - ETHANES
KW  - ETHYLENE
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113878531; Gladstone, G. Randall 1,2; Email Address: rgladstone@swri.edu Stern, S. Alan 3 Ennico, Kimberly 4 Olkin, Catherine B. 3 Weaver, Harold A. 5 Young, Leslie A. 3 Summers, Michael E. 6 Strobel, Darrell F. 7 Hinson, David P. 8 Kammer, Joshua A. 3 Parker, Alex H. 3 Steffl, Andrew J. 3 Linscott, Ivan R. 9 Parker, Joel Wm. 3 Cheng, Andrew F. 5 Slater, David C. 1 Versteeg, Maarten H. 1 Greathouse, Thomas K. 1 Retherford, Kurt D. 1,2 Throop, Henry 7; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA  2: University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. 6George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA  6: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  9: Nebraska Wesleyan University, Lincoln, NE 68504, USA; Source Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6279, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: ACETYLENE; Subject Term: ETHANES; Subject Term: ETHYLENE; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad8866
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113878531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grundy, W. M.
AU  - Binzel, R. P.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Cook, J. C.
AU  - Cruikshank, D. P.
AU  - Dalle Ore, C. M.
AU  - Earle, A. M.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Howett, C. J. A.
AU  - Lunsford, A. W.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Parker, A. H.
AU  - Philippe, S.
AU  - Protopapa, S.
AU  - Quirico, E.
AU  - Reuter, D. C.
AU  - Schmitt, B.
AU  - Singer, K. N.
AU  - Verbiscer, A. J.
AU  - Beyer, R. A.
T1  - Surface compositions across Pluto and Charon.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/03/18/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6279
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The New Horizons spacecraft mapped colors and infrared spectra across the encounter hemispheres of Pluto and Charon. The volatile methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen ices that dominate Pluto's surface have complicated spatial distributions resulting from sublimation, condensation, and glacial flow acting over seasonal and geological time scales. Pluto's water ice "bedrock" was also mapped, with isolated outcrops occurring in a variety of settings. Pluto's surface exhibits complex regional color diversity associated with its distinct provinces. Charon's color pattern is simpler, dominated by neutral low latitudes and a reddish northern polar region. Charon's near-infrared spectra reveal highly localized areas with strong ammonia absorption tied to small craters with relatively fresh-appearing impact ejecta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - ICE
KW  - AMMONIA
KW  - METHANE
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 113878535; Grundy, W. M. 1; Email Address: w.grundy@lowell.edu Binzel, R. P. 2 Buratti, B. J. 3 Cook, J. C. 4 Cruikshank, D. P. 5 Dalle Ore, C. M. 5,6 Earle, A. M. 2 Ennico, K. 5 Howett, C. J. A. 4 Lunsford, A. W. 7 Olkin, C. B. 4 Parker, A. H. 4 Philippe, S. 8 Protopapa, S. 9 Quirico, E. 8 Reuter, D. C. 7 Schmitt, B. 8 Singer, K. N. 4 Verbiscer, A. J. 10 Beyer, R. A. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, La Cañada Flintridge, CA 91011, USA  4: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  8: Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France  9: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  10: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Source Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6279, p1; Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: AMMONIA; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: SURFACE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325311 Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325612 Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325610 Soap and cleaning compound manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325313 Chemical fertilizer (except potash) manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad9189
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113878535&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weaver, H. A.
AU  - Buie, M. W.
AU  - Buratti, B. J.
AU  - Grundy, W. M.
AU  - Lauer, T. R.
AU  - Olkin, C. B.
AU  - Parker, A. H.
AU  - Porter, S. B.
AU  - Showalter, M. R.
AU  - Spencer, J. R.
AU  - Stern, S. A.
AU  - Verbiscer, A. J.
AU  - McKinnon, W. B.
AU  - Moore, J. M.
AU  - Robbins, S. J.
AU  - Schenk, P.
AU  - Singer, K. N.
AU  - Barnouin, O. S.
AU  - Cheng, A. F.
AU  - Ernst, C. M.
T1  - The small satellites of Pluto as observed by New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/03/18/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6279
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 5
SN  - 00368075
AB  - The New Horizons mission has provided resolved measurements of Pluto's moons Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. All four are small, with equivalent spherical diameters of ~40 kilometers for Nix and Hydra and ~10 kilometers for Styx and Kerberos. They are also highly elongated, with maximum to minimum axis ratios of ~2. All four moons have high albedos (~50 to 90%) suggestive of a water-ice surface composition. Crater densities on Nix and Hydra imply surface ages of at least 4 billion years. The small moons rotate much faster than synchronous, with rotational poles clustered nearly orthogonal to the common pole directions of Pluto and Charon. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the small moons formed in the aftermath of a collision that produced the Pluto-Charon binary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet) -- Satellites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - KERBEROS (Satellite)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - ICE
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Orbits
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - COLLISIONS (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 113878537; Weaver, H. A. 1; Email Address: hal.weaver@jhuapl.edu Buie, M. W. 2 Buratti, B. J. 3 Grundy, W. M. 4 Lauer, T. R. 5 Olkin, C. B. 2 Parker, A. H. 2 Porter, S. B. 2 Showalter, M. R. 6 Spencer, J. R. 2 Stern, S. A. 2 Verbiscer, A. J. 7 McKinnon, W. B. 8 Moore, J. M. 9 Robbins, S. J. 2 Schenk, P. 10 Singer, K. N. 2 Barnouin, O. S. 1 Cheng, A. F. 1 Ernst, C. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  2: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  3: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 26732, USA  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  8: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  9: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6279, p1; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: KERBEROS (Satellite); Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: ICE; Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Orbits; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: COLLISIONS (Astrophysics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 418990 All other merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312110 Soft drink and ice manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 312113 Ice Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aae0030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113878537&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Nimmo, Francis
AU  - Singer, Kelsi N.
AU  - Umurhan, Orkan M.
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Olkin, Cathy B.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - Buie, Marc W.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
T1  - The geology of Pluto and Charon through the eyes of New Horizons.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/03/18/
VL  - 351
IS  - 6279
M3  - Article
SP  - 1284
EP  - 1293
SN  - 00368075
AB  - NASA's New Horizons spacecraft has revealed the complex geology of Pluto and Charon. Pluto's encounter hemisphere shows ongoing surface geological activity centered on a vast basin containing a thick layer of volatile ices that appears to be involved in convection and advection, with a crater retention age no greater than ~10 million years. Surrounding terrains show active glacial flow, apparent transport and rotation of large buoyant water-ice crustal blocks, and pitting, the latter likely caused by sublimation erosion and/or collapse. More enigmatic features include tall mounds with central depressions that are conceivably cryovolcanic and ridges with complex bladed textures. Pluto also has ancient cratered terrains up to ~4 billion years old that are extensionally faulted and extensively mantled and perhaps eroded by glacial or other processes. Charon does not appear to be currently active, but experienced major extensional tectonism and resurfacing (probably cryovolcanic) nearly 4 billion years ago. Impact crater populations on Pluto and Charon are not consistent with the steepest impactor size-frequency distributions proposed for the Kuiper belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - ADVECTION
KW  - CONVECTIVE flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - IMPACT craters
KW  - SUBLIMATION (Chemistry)
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113878512; Moore, Jeffrey M. 1; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov McKinnon, William B. 2 Spencer, John R. 3 Howard, Alan D. 4 Schenk, Paul M. 5 Beyer, Ross A. 1,6 Nimmo, Francis 7 Singer, Kelsi N. 3 Umurhan, Orkan M. 1 White, Oliver L. 1 Stern, S. Alan 3 Ennico, Kimberly 1 Olkin, Cathy B. 3 Weaver, Harold A. 8 Young, Leslie A. 3 Binzel, Richard P. 9 Buie, Marc W. 3 Buratti, Bonnie J. 10 Cheng, Andrew F. 8 Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  4: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  5: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  6: The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  8: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  9: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  10: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91019, USA; Source Info: 3/18/2016, Vol. 351 Issue 6279, p1284; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: ADVECTION; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE flow (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: IMPACT craters; Subject Term: SUBLIMATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aad7055
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113878512&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Allison W. S. Man
AU  - Thomas R. Greve
AU  - Sune Toft
AU  - Benjamin Magnelli
AU  - Alexander Karim
AU  - Olivier Ilbert
AU  - Mara Salvato
AU  - Emeric Le Floc’h
AU  - Frank Bertoldi
AU  - Caitlin M. Casey
AU  - Nicholas Lee
AU  - Yanxia Li
AU  - Felipe Navarrete
AU  - Kartik Sheth
AU  - Vernesa Smolčić
AU  - David B. Sanders
AU  - Eva Schinnerer
AU  - Andrew W. Zirm
T1  - CONFIRMING THE EXISTENCE OF A QUIESCENT GALAXY POPULATION OUT TO z = 3: A STACKING ANALYSIS OF MID-, FAR-INFRARED, AND RADIO DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03/20/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We performed a comprehensive stacking analysis on ∼14,200 quiescent galaxy (QG) candidates at z = 0–3 across mid-, far-infrared (MIR and FIR), and radio wavelengths. Identified via their rest-frame NUV − r and r − J colors, the QG candidates () have drastically different IR and radio properties depending on their 24 μm emission strength. The fraction of QG candidates with strong 24 μm emission (equivalent to inferred star formation rates SFR, hereafter “IR-bright”) increases with redshift and peaks at 15%, and their stacked MIPS 24 μm, Herschel (PACS and SPIRE) and VLA emissions are consistent with being star-forming galaxies (SFGs). In contrast, the majority of QG candidates are faint or undetected at 24 μm individually (i.e., SFR24 < 100 M⊙ yr−1, hereafter “IR-faint”). Their low dust-obscured SFRs derived from Herschel stacking (SFRH ≲ 3, 15, 50 M⊙ yr−1 out to z ∼ 1, 2, 3) are >2.5–12.5× lower than compared to SFGs. This is consistent with the quiescence, as expected from their low unobscured SFRs, as inferred from modeling their ultraviolet-to-NIR photometry. The discrepancy between the LIR derived from stacking Herschel and 24 μm indicates that IR-faint QGs have dust SEDs that are different from those of SFGs. For the most massive () IR-faint QGs at z < 1.5, the stacked 1.4 GHz emission is in excess of that expected from other SFR indicators, suggesting a widespread presence of low-luminosity active galactic nuclei. Our results reaffirm the existence of a significant population of QGs out to z = 3, thus corroborating the need to quench star formation in galaxies at early epochs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - RADIO waves
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
N1  - Accession Number: 113954696; Allison W. S. Man 1,2,3; Email Address: allison.man@eso.org Thomas R. Greve 4 Sune Toft 1 Benjamin Magnelli 5 Alexander Karim 5 Olivier Ilbert 6 Mara Salvato 7 Emeric Le Floc’h 8 Frank Bertoldi 5 Caitlin M. Casey 9 Nicholas Lee 1,2 Yanxia Li 2 Felipe Navarrete 5 Kartik Sheth 10 Vernesa Smolčić 11 David B. Sanders 2 Eva Schinnerer 12 Andrew W. Zirm 1; Affiliation:  1: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark  2: Institute for Astronomy, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  3: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, Garching bei München, D-85748, Germany  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK  5: Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany  6: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, UMR 7326, F-13388 Marseille, France  7: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Garching bei München, D-85741 Garching bei München, Germany  8: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DSM/IRFU, CNRS, Université Paris-Diderot, F-91190 Gif, France  9: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway Stop C1400, Austin, TX 78712-1205, USA  10: Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546-0001, USA  11: Physics Department, University of Zagreb, Bijenička cesta 32, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia  12: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Source Info: 3/20/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: RADIO waves; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/11
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113954696&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daniel Jontof-Hutter
AU  - Eric B. Ford
AU  - Jason F. Rowe
AU  - Jack J. Lissauer
AU  - Daniel C. Fabrycky
AU  - Christa Van Laerhoven
AU  - Eric Agol
AU  - Katherine M. Deck
AU  - Tomer Holczer
AU  - Tsevi Mazeh
T1  - SECURE MASS MEASUREMENTS FROM TRANSIT TIMING: 10 KEPLER EXOPLANETS BETWEEN 3 AND 8 M⊕ WITH DIVERSE DENSITIES AND INCIDENT FLUXES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03/20/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We infer dynamical masses in eight multiplanet systems using transit times measured from Kepler's complete data set, including short-cadence data where available. Of the 18 dynamical masses that we infer, 10 pass multiple tests for robustness. These are in systems Kepler-26 (KOI-250), Kepler-29 (KOI-738), Kepler-60 (KOI-2086), Kepler-105 (KOI-115), and Kepler-307 (KOI-1576). Kepler-105 c has a radius of 1.3 R⊕ and a density consistent with an Earth-like composition. Strong transit timing variation (TTV) signals were detected from additional planets, but their inferred masses were sensitive to outliers or consistent solutions could not be found with independently measured transit times, including planets orbiting Kepler-49 (KOI-248), Kepler-57 (KOI-1270), Kepler-105 (KOI-115), and Kepler-177 (KOI-523). Nonetheless, strong upper limits on the mass of Kepler-177 c imply an extremely low density of ∼0.1 g cm−3. In most cases, individual orbital eccentricities were poorly constrained owing to degeneracies in TTV inversion. For five planet pairs in our sample, strong secular interactions imply a moderate to high likelihood of apsidal alignment over a wide range of possible eccentricities. We also find solutions for the three planets known to orbit Kepler-60 in a Laplace-like resonance chain. However, nonlibrating solutions also match the transit timing data. For six systems, we calculate more precise stellar parameters than previously known, enabling useful constraints on planetary densities where we have secure mass measurements. Placing these exoplanets on the mass–radius diagram, we find that a wide range of densities is observed among sub-Neptune-mass planets and that the range in observed densities is anticorrelated with incident flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - LAPLACE distribution
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113954694; Daniel Jontof-Hutter 1; Email Address: dxj14@psu.edu Eric B. Ford 1 Jason F. Rowe 2 Jack J. Lissauer 3 Daniel C. Fabrycky 4 Christa Van Laerhoven 5 Eric Agol 6 Katherine M. Deck 7 Tomer Holczer 8 Tsevi Mazeh 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245–3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  5: Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  7: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Source Info: 3/20/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: LAPLACE distribution; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/39
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113954694&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elena Maltseva
AU  - Annemieke Petrignani
AU  - Alessandra Candian
AU  - Cameron J. Mackie
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Timothy J. Lee
AU  - Alexander G. G. M. Tielens
AU  - Jos Oomens
AU  - Wybren Jan Buma
T1  - ERRATUM: “HIGH-RESOLUTION IR ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS: THE REALM OF ANHARMONICITY” (2015, ApJ, 814, 23).
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03/20/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A correction to the article "High-Resolution IR Absorption Spectroscopy of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: The Realm of Anharmonicity" that was published in the previous issue, is presented.
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 113954644; Elena Maltseva 1 Annemieke Petrignani 2,3; Email Address: petrignani@strw.leidenuniv.nl Alessandra Candian 2 Cameron J. Mackie 2 Xinchuan Huang 4 Timothy J. Lee 5 Alexander G. G. M. Tielens 2 Jos Oomens 3 Wybren Jan Buma 1; Email Address: w.j.buma@uva.nl; Affiliation:  1: University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  2: Leiden Observatory, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands  3: Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/81
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M. A. DiSanti
AU  - B. P. Bonev
AU  - E. L. Gibb
AU  - L. Paganini
AU  - G. L. Villanueva
AU  - M. J. Mumma
AU  - J. V. Keane
AU  - G. A. Blake
AU  - N. Dello Russo
AU  - K. J. Meech
AU  - R. J. Vervack Jr.
AU  - A. J. McKay
T1  - EN ROUTE TO DESTRUCTION: THE EVOLUTION IN COMPOSITION OF ICES IN COMET D/2012 S1 (ISON) BETWEEN 1.2 AND 0.34 AU FROM THE SUN AS REVEALED AT INFRARED WAVELENGTHS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03/20/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report production rates for H2O and eight trace molecules (CO, C2H6, CH4, CH3OH, NH3, H2CO, HCN, C2H2) in the dynamically new, Sun-grazing Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON), using high-resolution spectroscopy at Keck II and the NASA IRTF on 10 pre-perihelion dates encompassing heliocentric distances Rh = 1.21–0.34 AU. Measured water production rates spanned two orders of magnitude, consistent with a long-term heliocentric power law Q(H2O) . Abundance ratios for CO, C2H6, and CH4 with respect to H2O remained constant with Rh and below their corresponding mean values measured among a dominant sample of Oort Cloud comets. CH3OH was also depleted for Rh > 0.5 AU, but was closer to its mean value for Rh ≤ 0.5 AU. The remaining four molecules exhibited higher abundance ratios within 0.5 AU: for Rh > 0.8 AU, NH3 and C2H2 were consistent with their mean values while H2CO and HCN were depleted. For Rh < 0.5 AU, all four were enriched, with NH3, H2CO, and HCN increasing most. Spatial profiles of gas emission in ISON consistently peaked sunward of the dust continuum, which was asymmetric antisunward and remained singly peaked for all observations. NH3 within 0.5 AU showed a broad spatial distribution, possibly indicating its release in the coma provided that optical depth effects were unimportant. The column abundance ratio NH2/H2O at 0.83 AU was close to the “typical” NH/OH from optical wavelengths, but was higher within 0.5 AU. Establishing its production rate and testing its parentage (e.g., NH3) require modeling of coma outflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMETS
KW  - OORT Cloud
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
N1  - Accession Number: 113954671; M. A. DiSanti 1,2,3; Email Address: michael.a.disanti@nasa.gov B. P. Bonev 1,3,4 E. L. Gibb 1,3,5 L. Paganini 1,4,6 G. L. Villanueva 1,4,6 M. J. Mumma 1,2,6 J. V. Keane 6,7 G. A. Blake 1,8 N. Dello Russo 3,9 K. J. Meech 7 R. J. Vervack Jr. 3,9 A. J. McKay 3,10; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Center for Astrobiology, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  2: Solar System Exploration Division, Code 690, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  3: Visiting astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  4: Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri–St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA  6: Visiting astronomer at the W. M. Keck Observatory, Maunakea, HI, USA.  7: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA  8: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  9: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723-6099, USA  10: University of Texas–Austin/McDonald Observatory, Austin, TX, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COMETS; Subject Term: OORT Cloud; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/34
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Martin Houde
AU  - Charles L. H. Hull
AU  - Richard L. Plambeck
AU  - John E. Vaillancourt
AU  - Roger H. Hildebrand
T1  - DISPERSION OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN MOLECULAR CLOUDS. IV. ANALYSIS OF INTERFEROMETRY DATA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03/20/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We expand on the dispersion analysis of polarimetry maps toward applications to interferometry data. We show how the filtering of low spatial frequencies can be accounted for within the idealized Gaussian turbulence model, initially introduced for single-dish data analysis, to recover reliable estimates for correlation lengths of magnetized turbulence, as well as magnetic field strengths (plane-of-the-sky component) using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method. We apply our updated technique to TADPOL/CARMA data obtained on W3(OH), W3 Main, and DR21(OH). For W3(OH), our analysis yields a turbulence correlation length mpc, a ratio of turbulent-to-total magnetic energy , and a magnetic field strength for W3 Main mpc, , and while for DR21(OH) mpc, , and . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - POLARIMETRY
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 113954692; Martin Houde 1,2 Charles L. H. Hull 3,4 Richard L. Plambeck 5 John E. Vaillancourt 6 Roger H. Hildebrand 7,8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  2: Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Jansky Fellow of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory, which is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.  5: Astronomy Department & Radio Astronomy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  6: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  8: Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Source Info: 3/20/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: POLARIMETRY; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/38
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113954692&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michael R. Line
AU  - Vivien Parmentier
T1  - THE INFLUENCE OF NONUNIFORM CLOUD COVER ON TRANSIT TRANSMISSION SPECTRA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/03/20/
VL  - 820
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We model the impact of nonuniform cloud cover on transit transmission spectra. Patchy clouds exist in nearly every solar system atmosphere, brown dwarfs, and transiting exoplanets. Our major findings suggest that fractional cloud coverage can exactly mimic high mean molecular weight atmospheres and vice versa over certain wavelength regions, in particular, over the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) bandpass (1.1–1.7 μm). We also find that patchy cloud coverage exhibits a signature that is different from uniform global clouds. Furthermore, we explain analytically why the “patchy cloud-high mean molecular weight” degeneracy exists. We also explore the degeneracy of nonuniform cloud coverage in atmospheric retrievals on both synthetic and real planets. We find from retrievals on a synthetic solar composition hot Jupiter with patchy clouds and a cloud-free high mean molecular weight warm Neptune that both cloud-free high mean molecular weight atmospheres and partially cloudy atmospheres can explain the data equally well. Another key finding is that the HST WFC3 transit transmission spectra of two well-observed objects, the hot Jupiter HD 189733b and the warm Neptune HAT-P-11b, can be explained well by solar composition atmospheres with patchy clouds without the need to invoke high mean molecular weight or global clouds. The degeneracy between high molecular weight and solar composition partially cloudy atmospheres can be broken by observing the molecular Rayleigh scattering differences between the two. Furthermore, the signature of partially cloudy limbs also appears as a ∼100 ppm residual in the ingress and egress of the transit light curves, provided that the transit timing is known to seconds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLOUDINESS
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - NON-uniform motion
KW  - WIDE field telescopes
N1  - Accession Number: 113954665; Michael R. Line 1,2,3,4,5; Email Address: mrline@ucsc.edu Vivien Parmentier 4,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd Street Ste. 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, 781 S Terrace Road, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA  4: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California–Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: NASA Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow.  6: NASA Sagan Postdoctoral Fellow.; Source Info: 3/20/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CLOUDINESS; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: NON-uniform motion; Subject Term: WIDE field telescopes; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/1/78
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113954665&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gandhiraman, Ram P.
AU  - Singh, Eric
AU  - Diaz-Cartagena, Diana C.
AU  - Nordlund, Dennis
AU  - Koehne, Jessica
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Plasma jet printing for flexible substrates.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2016/03/21/
VL  - 108
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 123103-1
EP  - 123103-4
SN  - 00036951
AB  - Recent interest in flexible electronics and wearable devices has created a demand for fast and highly repeatable printing processes suitable for device manufacturing. Robust printing technology is critical for the integration of sensors and other devices on flexible substrates such as paper and textile. An atmospheric pressure plasma-based printing process has been developed to deposit different types of nanomaterials on flexible substrates. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes were deposited on paper to demonstrate site-selective deposition as well as direct printing without any type of patterning. Plasma-printed nanotubes were compared with non-plasma-printed samples under similar gas flow and other experimental conditions and found to be denser with higher conductivity. The utility of the nanotubes on the paper substrate as a biosensor and chemical sensor was demonstrated by the detection of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, and ammonia, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRINTING -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - PLASMA jets
KW  - FLEXIBLE electronics
KW  - WEARABLE technology
KW  - MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes
N1  - Accession Number: 113997633; Gandhiraman, Ram P. 1 Singh, Eric 1 Diaz-Cartagena, Diana C. 1 Nordlund, Dennis 2 Koehne, Jessica 1 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA; Source Info: 3/21/2016, Vol. 108 Issue 12, p123103-1; Subject Term: PRINTING -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: PLASMA jets; Subject Term: FLEXIBLE electronics; Subject Term: WEARABLE technology; Subject Term: MULTIWALLED carbon nanotubes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423830 Industrial Machinery and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 323117 Books Printing; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4943792
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113997633&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farnhill, H. J.
AU  - Drew, J. E.
AU  - Barentsen, G.
AU  - González-Solares, E. A.
T1  - Calibrated and completeness-corrected optical stellar density maps of the northern Galactic plane.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/03/21/
VL  - 457
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 642
EP  - 665
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Following on from the second release of calibrated photometry from IPHAS, the INT/WFC Photometric Hα Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane, we present incompleteness-corrected stellar density maps in the r and i photometric bands. These have been computed to a range of limiting magnitudes reaching to 20th magnitude in r and 19th in i (Vega system), and with different angular resolutions - the highest resolution available being 1 arcmin2. The maps obtained cover 94 per cent of the 1800 square degree IPHAS footprint, spanning the Galactic latitude range, -5° < b < +5°, north of the celestial equator. The corrections for incompleteness, due to confusion and sensitivity loss at the faint limit, have been deduced by the method of artificial source injection. The presentation of this method is preceded by a discussion of other more approximate methods of determining completeness. Our method takes full account of position-dependent seeing and source ellipticity in the survey data base. The application of the star counts to testing reddened Galactic disc models is previewed by a comparison with predicted counts along three constant-longitude cuts at l ≃ 30°, 90° and 175°: some overprediction of the most heavily reddened l ≃ 30° counts is found, alongside good agreement at l ≃ 90° and 175°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements
KW  - OPTICAL measurements
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - atlases
KW  - dust
KW  - extinction
KW  - Galaxy: disc
KW  - Galaxy: stellar content
KW  - Galaxy: structure
N1  - Accession Number: 113225830; Farnhill, H. J. 1; Email Address: hywel@farnhill.io Drew, J. E. 1; Email Address: j.drew@herts.ac.uk Barentsen, G. 1,2 González-Solares, E. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics, Astronomy & Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 OHA, UK; Source Info: 3/21/2016, Vol. 457 Issue 1, p642; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC measurements; Subject Term: OPTICAL measurements; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: atlases; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust; Author-Supplied Keyword: extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxy: disc; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxy: stellar content; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxy: structure; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2994
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cantrell, John H.
AU  - Cantrell, Sean A.
T1  - Bifurcation, chaos, and scan instability in dynamic atomic force microscopy.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2016/03/28/
VL  - 119
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 125308-1
EP  - 125308-12
SN  - 00218979
AB  - The dynamical motion at any point on the cantilever of an atomic force microscope can be expressed quite generally as a superposition of simple harmonic oscillators corresponding to the vibrational modes allowed by the cantilever shape. Central to the dynamical equations is the representation of the cantilever-sample interaction force as a polynomial expansion with coefficients that account for the interaction force "stiffness," the cantilever-to-sample energy transfer, and the displacement amplitude of cantilever oscillation. Renormalization of the cantilever beam model shows that for a given cantilever drive frequency cantilever dynamics can be accurately represented by a single nonlinear mass-spring model with frequency-dependent stiffness and damping coefficients [S. A. Cantrell and J. H. Cantrell, J. Appl. Phys. 110, 094314 (2011)]. Application of the Melnikov method to the renormalized dynamical equation is shown to predict a cascade of period doubling bifurcations with increasing cantilever drive force that terminates in chaos. The threshold value of the drive force necessary to initiate bifurcation is shown to depend strongly on the cantilever setpoint and drive frequency, effective damping coefficient, nonlinearity of the cantilever-sample interaction force, and the displacement amplitude of cantilever oscillation. The model predicts the experimentally observed interruptions of the bifurcation cascade for cantilevers of sufficiently large stiffness. Operational factors leading to the loss of image quality in dynamic atomic force microscopy are addressed, and guidelines for optimizing scan stability are proposed using a quantitative analysis based on system dynamical parameters and choice of feedback loop parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIFURCATION theory
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - NUCLEAR forces (Physics)
KW  - HARMONIC oscillators
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 114181579; Cantrell, John H. 1; Email Address: john.h.cantrell@nasa.gov Cantrell, Sean A. 2; Email Address: scantrell@nlsanalytics.com; Affiliation:  1: Research Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA  2: NLS Analytics, LLC, 375 Dundee Road, Glencoe, Illinois 60022, USA; Source Info: 3/28/2016, Vol. 119 Issue 12, p125308-1; Subject Term: BIFURCATION theory; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: NUCLEAR forces (Physics); Subject Term: HARMONIC oscillators; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4944714
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Terada, Masahiro
AU  - Seki, Masaya
AU  - Takahashi, Rika
AU  - Yamada, Shin
AU  - Higashibata, Akira
AU  - Majima, Hideyuki J.
AU  - Sudoh, Masamichi
AU  - Mukai, Chiaki
AU  - Ishioka, Noriaki
T1  - Effects of a Closed Space Environment on Gene Expression in Hair Follicles of Astronauts in the International Space Station.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2016/03/30/
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Adaptation to the space environment can sometimes pose physiological problems to International Space Station (ISS) astronauts after their return to earth. Therefore, it is important to develop healthcare technologies for astronauts. In this study, we examined the feasibility of using hair follicles, a readily obtained sample, to assess gene expression changes in response to spaceflight adaptation. In order to investigate the gene expression changes in human hair follicles during spaceflight, hair follicles of 10 astronauts were analyzed by microarray and real time qPCR analyses. We found that spaceflight alters human hair follicle gene expression. The degree of changes in gene expression was found to vary among individuals. In some astronauts, genes related to hair growth such as FGF18, ANGPTL7 and COMP were upregulated during flight, suggesting that spaceflight inhibits cell proliferation in hair follicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - HAIR follicles
KW  - ADAPTATION (Biology)
KW  - SPACE flight
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - ASTRONAUTS -- Health
KW  - Anatomy
KW  - Astronauts
KW  - Astronomical sciences
KW  - Bioassays and physiological analysis
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Extraction techniques
KW  - Gene expression
KW  - Genetics
KW  - Hair
KW  - Hair follicles
KW  - Integumentary system
KW  - Medicine and health sciences
KW  - Messenger RNA
KW  - Microarrays
KW  - Nucleic acids
KW  - People and places
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Population groupings
KW  - Professions
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
KW  - RNA
KW  - RNA extraction
KW  - Skin
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 114108252; Terada, Masahiro 1,2,3; Email Address: terada.masahiro@jikei.ac.jp Seki, Masaya 4 Takahashi, Rika 4 Yamada, Shin 2 Higashibata, Akira 2,5 Majima, Hideyuki J. 5 Sudoh, Masamichi 1,2 Mukai, Chiaki 2 Ishioka, Noriaki 2,5,6,7; Affiliation:  1: Divison of Aerospace Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan  2: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan  3: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  4: Advanced Engineering Services Co., Ltd., Takezono, Tsukuba City, Ibaraki, Japan  5: Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, Japan  6: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan  7: Department of Space and Astronautical Science, School of Physical Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan; Source Info: 3/30/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: HAIR follicles; Subject Term: ADAPTATION (Biology); Subject Term: SPACE flight; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS -- Health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronauts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronomical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioassays and physiological analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraction techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hair; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hair follicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Integumentary system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Messenger RNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleic acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Population groupings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Professions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA extraction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0150801
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kotov, D. V.
AU  - Yee, H. C.
AU  - Wray, A.
AU  - Hadjadj, A.
AU  - Sjögreen, B.
T1  - High Order Numerical Methods for LES of Turbulent Flows with Shocks.
T2  - 含激波的湍流流动高精度大涡数值模拟方法.
JO  - Acta Aerodynamica Sinica / Kongqi Donglixue Xuebao
JF  - Acta Aerodynamica Sinica / Kongqi Donglixue Xuebao
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 34
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 203
SN  - 02581825
AB  - Simulation of turbulent flows with shocks employing subgrid-scale (SGS) filtering may encounter a loss of accuracy in the vicinity of a shock. This paper addresses the accuracy improvement of LES of turbulent flows in two ways： (a) from the SGS model standpoint and (b) from the numerical method improvement standpoint. The high order low dissipative method of Yee & Sjögreen (2009) using adaptive flow sensors to control the amount of numerical dissipation where needed is used for the LES simulation. The considered improved dynamics model approaches include applying the one-sided SGS test filter of Sagaut & Germano (2005) and/or disabling the SGS terms at the shock location. For Mach 1. 5 and 3 canonical shock-turbulence interaction problems both of these new approaches show a similar accuracy improvement to that of the full use of the SGS terms. One of the numerical accuracy improvements included here applies Harten's subcellre solution procedure to locate and sharpen the shock, and uses a one-sided test filter at the grid points adjacent to the exact shock location. (English) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - 针对采用亚格子模型进行含激波的湍流流动模拟时会面临激波附近的精度损失问题， 考虑从通过亚格子 模型以及数值模拟方法两方面的改进来实现湍流流动大涡模拟的精度提高。大涡模拟采用了 Yee 及 Sjagreen (2009) 提出的高阶低耗散方法。该方法采用自适应的流场探测器以控制计算中所需区域的数值耗散， 并考虑对动 力学模型采用在激波位置使用Sagaut和 Germa n O(2005)提出的单边亚格子过滤器和（ 或） 直接禁用亚格子项等方 法加以改进。对于标准的马赫数1. 5和3条件下的激波-湍流干扰问题， 上述新方法相较于全区域采用亚格子模型 的方法均表现出了相似的精度提升。同时实现的数值精度改进方案采用了 Harten 的亚单元分辨过程来定位和锐 化激波，并在精确激波位置附近的网格点处采用了单边测试滤波. (Chinese) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Aerodynamica Sinica / Kongqi Donglixue Xuebao is the property of China Aerodynamics Research Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENT flow
KW  - FLOW sensors
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - DYNAMICS -- Mathematical models
KW  - SHOCK (Mechanics)
KW  - 亚单元分辨格式
KW  - 大涡模拟滤波
KW  - 激波-湍流干扰
KW  - 直接数值模拟方法
KW  - 高阶低耗散格式
KW  - DNS
KW  - Germano model
KW  - Germao 模型
KW  - High order low dissipative scheme
KW  - LES filtering
KW  - Shock/turbulence interaction
KW  - Subcell resolution scheme
KW  - 亚单元分辨格式
KW  - 大涡模拟滤波
KW  - 激波-湍流干扰
KW  - 直接数值模拟方法
KW  - 高阶低耗散格式
KW  - Germao 模型
N1  - Accession Number: 117600346; Kotov, D. V. 1 Yee, H. C. 2; Email Address: helen.m.yee@nasa.gov Wray, A. 2 Hadjadj, A. 3 Sjögreen, B. 4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Turbulence Research, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: CORIA UMR 6614 & INSA de Rouen, 76800 St-Etienne du Rouvray, France  4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Box 808，L-422, Livermore, CA 94551, USA; Source Info: apr2016, Vol. 34 Issue 2, p190; Subject Term: TURBULENT flow; Subject Term: FLOW sensors; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Subject Term: DYNAMICS -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: SHOCK (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: 亚单元分辨格式; Author-Supplied Keyword: 大涡模拟滤波; Author-Supplied Keyword: 激波-湍流干扰; Author-Supplied Keyword: 直接数值模拟方法; Author-Supplied Keyword: 高阶低耗散格式; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Germano model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Germao 模型; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order low dissipative scheme; Author-Supplied Keyword: LES filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock/turbulence interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Subcell resolution scheme; Author-Supplied Keyword: 亚单元分辨格式; Author-Supplied Keyword: 大涡模拟滤波; Author-Supplied Keyword: 激波-湍流干扰; Author-Supplied Keyword: 直接数值模拟方法; Author-Supplied Keyword: 高阶低耗散格式; Author-Supplied Keyword: Germao 模型; Language of Keywords: English; Language of Keywords: Chinese; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.7638/kqdlxxb-2016.0009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117600346&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D׳Souza, Sarah N.
AU  - Sarigul-Klijn, Nesrin
T1  - A trajectory generation framework for modeling spacecraft entry in MDAO.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 109
SN  - 00945765
AB  - In this paper a novel trajectory generation framework was developed that optimizes trajectory event conditions for use in a Generalized Entry Guidance algorithm. The framework was developed to be adaptable via the use of high fidelity equations of motion and drag based analytical bank profiles. Within this framework, a novel technique was implemented that resolved the sensitivity of the bank profile to atmospheric non-linearities. The framework׳s adaptability was established by running two different entry bank conditions. Each case yielded a reference trajectory and set of transition event conditions that are flight feasible and implementable in a Generalized Entry Guidance algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - TRAJECTORY measurements
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - Guidance
KW  - MDAO
KW  - Optimization
KW  - Spacecraft entry
N1  - Accession Number: 113189977; D׳Souza, Sarah N. 1; Email Address: sarah.n.dsouza@nasa.gov Sarigul-Klijn, Nesrin 2; Email Address: nsarigulklijn@ucdavis.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Space Engineering Research and Graduate Program (SpaceED), Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-5294, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 121, p95; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY measurements; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Guidance; Author-Supplied Keyword: MDAO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft entry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.12.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nayagam, Vedha
AU  - Dietrich, Daniel L.
AU  - Williams, Forman A.
T1  - Partial-Burning Regime for Quasi-Steady Droplet Combustion Supported by Cool Flames.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 54
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1235
EP  - 1239
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A simplified model for droplet combustion in the partial-burning regime is applied to the cool-flame regime observed in droplet-burning experiments performed in the International Space Station with normal-alkanes fuels resulting in expressions for the quasi-steady droplet burning rate and for the flame standoff ratio. The simplified predictions are found to produce reasonable agreement with the experimentally measured values of burning-rate constants but not with their apparent dependencies on pressure or on the initial droplet diameter. Good agreement is found, however, with newly measured and numerically calculated flame standoff ratios in this droplet combustion supported by cool flames. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALKANES
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuel
KW  - AEROSPACE engineering
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 114850394; Nayagam, Vedha 1 Dietrich, Daniel L. 2 Williams, Forman A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Research Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106  2: Aerospace Engineer, Combustion and Reacting Flows Branch, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Professor, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p1235; Subject Term: ALKANES; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuel; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineering; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054437
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114850394&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D. M. Kipping
AU  - G. Torres
AU  - C. Henze
AU  - A. Teachey
AU  - H. Isaacson
AU  - E. Petigura
AU  - G. W. Marcy
AU  - L. A. Buchhave
AU  - J. Chen
AU  - S. T. Bryson
AU  - E. Sandford
T1  - A TRANSITING JUPITER ANALOG.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/04//4/1/2016
VL  - 820
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Decadal-long radial velocity surveys have recently started to discover analogs to the most influential planet of our solar system, Jupiter. Detecting and characterizing these worlds is expected to shape our understanding of our uniqueness in the cosmos. Despite the great successes of recent transit surveys, Jupiter analogs represent a terra incognita, owing to the strong intrinsic bias of this method against long orbital periods. We here report on the first validated transiting Jupiter analog, Kepler-167e (KOI-490.02), discovered using Kepler archival photometry orbiting the K4-dwarf KIC-3239945. With a radius of , a low orbital eccentricity (), and an equilibrium temperature of K, Kepler-167e bears many of the basic hallmarks of Jupiter. Kepler-167e is accompanied by three Super-Earths on compact orbits, which we also validate, leaving a large cavity of transiting worlds around the habitable-zone. With two transits and continuous photometric coverage, we are able to uniquely and precisely measure the orbital period of this post snow-line planet (1071.2323 ± 0.0006d), paving the way for follow-up of this K = 11.8 mag target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - ORBIT
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 114110082; D. M. Kipping 1; Email Address: dkipping@astro.columbia.edu G. Torres 2 C. Henze 3 A. Teachey 1 H. Isaacson 4 E. Petigura 4 G. W. Marcy 4 L. A. Buchhave 5 J. Chen 1 S. T. Bryson 3 E. Sandford 1; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 W 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Source Info: 4/1/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: ORBIT; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/112
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M. Marinello
AU  - A. Rodríguez-Ardila
AU  - A. Garcia-Rissmann
AU  - T. A. A. Sigut
AU  - A. K. Pradhan
T1  - THE Fe II EMISSION IN ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI: EXCITATION MECHANISMS AND LOCATION OF THE EMITTING REGION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/04//4/1/2016
VL  - 820
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a study of Fe ii emission in the near-infrared region (NIR) for 25 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) to obtain information about the excitation mechanisms that power it and the location where it is formed. We employ an NIR Fe ii template derived in the literature and find that it successfully reproduces the observed Fe ii spectrum. The Fe ii bump at 9200 Å detected in all objects studied confirms that Lyα fluorescence is always present in AGNs. The correlation found between the flux of the 9200 Å bump, the 1 μm lines, and the optical Fe ii implies that Lyα fluorescence plays an important role in Fe ii production. We determined that at least 18% of the optical Fe ii is due to this process, while collisional excitation dominates the production of the observed Fe ii. The line profiles of Fe ii λ10502, O i λ11287, Ca ii λ8664, and Paβ were compared to gather information about the most likely location where they are emitted. We found that Fe ii, O i and Ca ii have similar widths and are, on average, 30% narrower than Paβ. Assuming that the clouds emitting the lines are virialized, we show that the Fe ii is emitted in a region twice as far from the central source than Paβ. The distance, though, strongly varies: from 8.5 light-days for NGC 4051 to 198.2 light-days for Mrk 509. Our results reinforce the importance of the Fe ii in the NIR to constrain critical parameters that drive its physics and the underlying AGN kinematics, as well as more accurate models aimed at reproducing this complex emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC nuclei
KW  - EXCITATION spectrum
KW  - NEAR infrared radiation
KW  - COLLISIONAL excitation
KW  - FLUORESCENCE
N1  - Accession Number: 114110108; M. Marinello 1,2; Email Address: murilo.marinello@gmail.com A. Rodríguez-Ardila 3,4 A. Garcia-Rissmann 3 T. A. A. Sigut 4,5 A. K. Pradhan 6; Affiliation:  1: Universidade Federal de Itajubá, Rua Doutor Pereira Cabral 1303, 37500-903, Itajubá, MG, Brazil  2: Present address: Observatório Nacional, Rua Gal José Cristino 77, 20921-400, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.  3: Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica, Rua Estados Unidos 154, Itajubá, MG, 37504-364, Brazil  4: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  5: The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  6: McPherson Laboratory, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Ave., Columbus, OH 43210-1173, USA; Source Info: 4/1/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALACTIC nuclei; Subject Term: EXCITATION spectrum; Subject Term: NEAR infrared radiation; Subject Term: COLLISIONAL excitation; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/116
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rebecca Jensen-Clem
AU  - Max Millar-Blanchaer
AU  - Dimitri Mawet
AU  - James R. Graham
AU  - J. Kent Wallace
AU  - Bruce Macintosh
AU  - Sasha Hinkley
AU  - Sloane J. Wiktorowicz
AU  - Marshall D. Perrin
AU  - Mark S. Marley
AU  - Michael P. Fitzgerald
AU  - Rebecca Oppenheimer
AU  - S. Mark Ammons
AU  - Fredrik T. Rantakyrö
AU  - Franck Marchis
T1  - POINT SOURCE POLARIMETRY WITH THE GEMINI PLANET IMAGER: SENSITIVITY CHARACTERIZATION WITH T5.5 DWARF COMPANION HD 19467 B.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/04//4/1/2016
VL  - 820
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Detecting polarized light from self-luminous exoplanets has the potential to provide key information about rotation, surface gravity, cloud grain size, and cloud coverage. While field brown dwarfs with detected polarized emission are common, no exoplanet or substellar companion has yet been detected in polarized light. With the advent of high contrast imaging spectro-polarimeters such as GPI and SPHERE, such a detection may now be possible with careful treatment of instrumental polarization. In this paper, we present 28 minutes of H-band GPI polarimetric observations of the benchmark T5.5 companion HD 19467 B. We detect no polarization signal from the target, and place an upper limit on the degree of linear polarization of . We discuss our results in the context of T dwarf cloud models and photometric variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF planets
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL polarimetry
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - GEMINI (Constellation)
N1  - Accession Number: 114110107; Rebecca Jensen-Clem 1 Max Millar-Blanchaer 2,3 Dimitri Mawet 1 James R. Graham 4 J. Kent Wallace 5 Bruce Macintosh 6 Sasha Hinkley 7 Sloane J. Wiktorowicz 8 Marshall D. Perrin 9 Mark S. Marley 10 Michael P. Fitzgerald 11 Rebecca Oppenheimer 12 S. Mark Ammons 13 Fredrik T. Rantakyrö 14 Franck Marchis 15; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  2: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada  3: Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 3H4, Canada  4: Department of Astronomy, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Department of Physics & Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA  7: University of Exeter, Physics Department, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK  8: Department of Astronomy, UC Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  9: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  10: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  12: American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA  13: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551, USA  14: Gemini Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  15: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: 4/1/2016, Vol. 820 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: DWARF planets; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL polarimetry; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: GEMINI (Constellation); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/820/2/111
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114110107&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Boer, Gijs
AU  - Palo, Scott
AU  - Argrow, Brian
AU  - LoDolce, Gabriel
AU  - Mack, James
AU  - Gao, Ru-Shan
AU  - Telg, Hagen
AU  - Trussel, Cameron
AU  - Fromm, Joshua
AU  - Long, Charles N.
AU  - Bland, Geoff
AU  - Maslanik, James
AU  - Schmid, Beat
AU  - Hock, Terry
T1  - The Pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1845
EP  - 1857
SN  - 18671381
AB  - This paper presents details of the University of Colorado (CU) "Pilatus" unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. This aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2m and a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg, and it is powered by an electric motor to reduce engine exhaust and concerns about carburetor icing. It carries instrumentation to make measurements of broadband up- and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, aerosol particle size distribution, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and pressure and to collect video of flights for subsequent analysis of atmospheric conditions during flight. In order to make the shortwave radiation measurements, care was taken to carefully position a high-quality compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) and characterize the attitude of the aircraft and its orientation to the upward-looking radiation sensor. Using measurements from both of these sensors, a correction is applied to the raw radiometer measurements to correct for aircraft attitude and sensor tilt relative to the sun. The data acquisition system was designed from scratch based on a set of key driving requirements to accommodate the variety of sensors deployed. Initial test flights completed in Colorado provide promising results with measurements from the radiation sensors agreeing with those from a nearby surface site. Additionally, estimates of surface albedo from onboard sensors were consistent with local surface conditions, including melting snow and bright runway surface. Aerosol size distributions collected are internally consistent and have previously been shown to agree well with larger, surface-based instrumentation. Finally the atmospheric state measurements evolve as expected, with the near-surface atmosphere warming over time as the day goes on, and the atmospheric relative humidity decreasing with increased temperature. No directional bias on measured temperature, as might be expected due to uneven heating of the sensor housing over the course of a racetrack pattern, was detected. The results from these flights indicate that the CU Pilatus platform is capable of performing research-grade lower tropospheric measurement missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Research
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - PILATUS Aircraft Ltd.
N1  - Accession Number: 115176305; de Boer, Gijs 1,2; Email Address: gijs.deboer@colorado.edu Palo, Scott 1 Argrow, Brian 1 LoDolce, Gabriel 1 Mack, James 1 Gao, Ru-Shan 2 Telg, Hagen 1 Trussel, Cameron 1 Fromm, Joshua 1 Long, Charles N. 1,2 Bland, Geoff 3 Maslanik, James 1 Schmid, Beat 4 Hock, Terry 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA  2: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia, USA  4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p1845; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Research; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Company/Entity: PILATUS Aircraft Ltd.; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-1845-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115176305&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palo, Scott
AU  - Argrow, Brian
AU  - LoDolce, Gabriel
AU  - Mack, James
AU  - Telg, Hagen
AU  - Trussel, Cameron
AU  - Fromm, Joshua
AU  - Maslanik, James
AU  - de Boer, Gijs
AU  - Long, Charles N.
AU  - Ru-Shan Gao
AU  - Bland, Geoff
AU  - Schmid, Beat
AU  - Hock, Terry
T1  - The Pilatus unmanned aircraft system for lower atmospheric research.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 9
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1845
EP  - 1857
SN  - 18678610
AB  - This paper presents details of the University of Colorado (CU) "Pilatus" unmanned research aircraft, assembled to provide measurements of aerosols, radiation and thermodynamics in the lower troposphere. This aircraft has a wingspan of 3.2m and a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg, and it is powered by an electric motor to reduce engine exhaust and concerns about carburetor icing. It carries instrumentation to make measurements of broadband up- and downwelling shortwave and longwave radiation, aerosol particle size distribution, atmospheric temperature, relative humidity and pressure and to collect video of flights for subsequent analysis of atmospheric conditions during flight. In order to make the shortwave radiation measurements, care was taken to carefully position a high-quality compact inertial measurement unit (IMU) and characterize the attitude of the aircraft and its orientation to the upward-looking radiation sensor. Using measurements from both of these sensors, a correction is applied to the raw radiometer measurements to correct for aircraft attitude and sensor tilt relative to the sun. The data acquisition system was designed from scratch based on a set of key driving requirements to accommodate the variety of sensors deployed. Initial test flights completed in Colorado provide promising results with measurements from the radiation sensors agreeing with those from a nearby surface site. Additionally, estimates of surface albedofrom onboard sensors were consistent with local surface conditions, including melting snow and bright runway surface. Aerosol size distributions collected are internally consistent and have previously been shown to agree well with larger, surface-based instrumentation. Finally the atmospheric state measurements evolve as expected, with the near-surface atmosphere warming over time as the day goes on, and the atmospheric relative humidity decreasing with increased temperature. No directional bias on measured temperature, as might be expected due to uneven heating of the sensor housing over the course of a racetrack pattern, was detected. The results from these flights indicate that the CU Pilatus platform is capable of performing research-grade lower tropospheric measurement missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 115200718; Palo, Scott 1 Argrow, Brian 1 LoDolce, Gabriel 1 Mack, James 1 Telg, Hagen 1 Trussel, Cameron 1 Fromm, Joshua 1 Maslanik, James 1 de Boer, Gijs 1,2 Long, Charles N. 1,2 Ru-Shan Gao 2 Bland, Geoff 3 Schmid, Beat 4 Hock, Terry 5; Affiliation:  1: University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA  2: National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, Virginia, USA  4: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA  5: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 4, p1845; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays) -- Measurement; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-1845-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115200718&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas, P.C.
AU  - Calvin, W.
AU  - Cantor, B.
AU  - Haberle, R.
AU  - James, P.B.
AU  - Lee, S.W.
T1  - Mass balance of Mars’ residual south polar cap from CTX images and other data.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 268
M3  - Article
SP  - 118
EP  - 130
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Erosion of pits in the residual south polar cap (RSPC) of Mars concurrent with deposition and fluctuating cap boundaries raises questions about the mass balance and long term stability of the cap. Determining a mass balance by measurement of a net gain or loss of atmospheric CO 2 by direct pressure measurements (Haberle, R.M. et al. [2014]. Secular climate change on Mars: An update using one Mars year of MSL pressure data. American Geophysical Union (Fall). Abstract 3947), although perhaps the most direct method, has so far given ambiguous results. Estimating volume changes from imaging data faces challenges, and has previously been attempted only in isolated areas of the cap. In this study we use 6 m/pixel Context Imager (CTX) data from Mars year 31 to map all the morphologic units of the RSPC, expand the measurement record of pit erosion rates, and use high resolution images to place limits on vertical changes in the surface of the residual cap. We find the mass balance in Mars years 9–31 to be −6 to +4 km 3 /♂y, or roughly −0.039% to +0.026% of the mean atmospheric CO 2 mass/♂y. The indeterminate sign results chiefly from uncertainty in the amounts of deposition or erosion on the upper surfaces of deposits (as opposed to scarp retreat). Erosion and net deposition in this period appear to be controlled by summertime planetary scale dust events, the largest occurring in MY 9, another, smaller one in MY 28. The rates of erosion and the deposition observed since MY 9 appear to be consistent with the types of deposits and erosional behavior found in most of the residual cap. However, small areas (<10%) of the cap are distinguished by their greater thickness, polygonal troughs, and embayed contacts with thinner units. These deposits may require extended periods (>100 ♂y) of depositional and/or erosional conditions different from those occurring in the period since MY 9, although these environmental differences could be subtle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - MASS budget (Geophysics)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Wind erosion
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, atmosphere
KW  - Mars, climate
KW  - Mars, polar caps
KW  - AMERICAN Geophysical Union
N1  - Accession Number: 112676514; Thomas, P.C. 1 Calvin, W. 2 Cantor, B. 3 Haberle, R. 4 James, P.B. 5 Lee, S.W. 6; Affiliation:  1: Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89577, United States  3: Malin Space Science Systems, San Diego, CA 92191, United States  4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, United States  5: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, United States  6: Denver Museum of Nature & Science, 2001 Colorado Blvd., Denver, CO 80205, United States; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 268, p118; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: MASS budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Wind erosion; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, polar caps; Company/Entity: AMERICAN Geophysical Union DUNS Number: 072634827; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112676514&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pajola, Maurizio
AU  - Rossato, Sandro
AU  - Baratti, Emanuele
AU  - Mangili, Clara
AU  - Mancarella, Francesca
AU  - McBride, Karen
AU  - Coradini, Marcello
T1  - The Simud–Tiu Valles hydrologic system: A multidisciplinary study of a possible site for future Mars on-site exploration.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 268
M3  - Article
SP  - 355
EP  - 381
SN  - 00191035
AB  - When looking for traces of past life on Mars, we have to look primarily for places where water was present, possibly for long time intervals. The Simud and Tiu Valles are two large outflow channels connected to the north with the Chryse Basin, Oxia Palus quadrangle. The area, carved by water during the Noachian/Early Hesperian is characterized by a complex geological evolution. The geomorphological analysis shows the presence of fluvial and alluvial structures, interpreted as fluvial channels and terraces, debris flow fronts and short-lasting small water flows coexisting with maar-diatremes and mud volcanoes. Several morphological features indicate a change in water flux direction after the main erosive phase. During this period water originated from the Masursky crater and flown southwards into the Hydraotes Chaos. This phenomenon caused the studied area to become a depocenter where fine-grained material deposition took place, possibly in association with ponding water. This setting is potentially quite valuable as traces of life may have been preserved. The presence of water at various times over a period of about 1 Ga in the area is corroborated by mineralogical analyses of different areas that indicate the possible presence of hydrated minerals mixtures, such as sulfate-bearing deposits. Given the uniqueness of the evolution of this region, the long term interactions between fluvial, volcanic, and tectonic processes and its extremely favorable landing parameters (elevation, slope, roughness, rock distribution, thermal inertia, albedo, etc.), we decided to propose this location as a possible landing site for the ESA ExoMars 2018, the NASA Mars 2020 and future on-site missions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ALLUVIUM
KW  - HYDROLOGY
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - MINERALOGY
KW  - EXOBIOLOGY
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Mars
KW  - Mars, surface
KW  - Mineralogy
N1  - Accession Number: 112676505; Pajola, Maurizio 1,2; Email Address: maurizio.pajola@nasa.gov Rossato, Sandro 3 Baratti, Emanuele 4 Mangili, Clara 5 Mancarella, Francesca 6 McBride, Karen 7 Coradini, Marcello 8,9; Affiliation:  1: Center of Studies and Activities for Space “G. Colombo”, University of Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Geosciences Department, University of Padova, Padova, Italy  4: School of Civil Engineering, Department DICAM, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy  5: Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland  6: Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Italy  7: University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA  8: European Space Agency, Paris, France  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 268, p355; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ALLUVIUM; Subject Term: HYDROLOGY; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: MINERALOGY; Subject Term: EXOBIOLOGY; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.12.049
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112676505&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Clem, Michelle M.
AU  - Zaman, K. B. M. Q.
AU  - Fagan, Amy F.
T1  - Variation of shock-spacing during screech stage-jumps.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 324
EP  - 335
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Flow visualization is used to investigate shock-spacings in a supersonic jet during stage-jumps associated with the screech phenomenon. Conventional schlieren and shadowgraphy techniques as well as a new projection focusing schlieren technique are employed. Both time-averaged and instantaneous snapshots of the flow field are analyzed for a 37.6mm round convergent nozzle over the jet Mach number range of 1.0<Mj<1.7. Shock-spacing is studied especially during hysteresis of the stage-jumps where two different screech frequencies could be realized at exactly the same Mj depending on whether the latter variable was increased or decreased. The data follow a monotonic trend without any discontinuity at any Mj. This establishes the fact that the stage-jumps in frequency are not associated with abrupt changes in the shock-spacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYSTERESIS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - MAGNETIC induction
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - FLUIDS
KW  - flow visualization
KW  - hysteresis
KW  - screech
KW  - shadowgraphy
KW  - stage-jump
KW  - supersonic jets
N1  - Accession Number: 115496012; Clem, Michelle M. 1; Email Address: michelle.m.clem@nasa.gov Zaman, K. B. M. Q. 2 Fagan, Amy F. 1; Affiliation:  1: Optics and Photonics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Inlet and Nozzle Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 15 Issue 3, p324; Subject Term: HYSTERESIS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: MAGNETIC induction; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: FLUIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow visualization; Author-Supplied Keyword: hysteresis; Author-Supplied Keyword: screech; Author-Supplied Keyword: shadowgraphy; Author-Supplied Keyword: stage-jump; Author-Supplied Keyword: supersonic jets; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1475472X16630888
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115496012&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nouri, Nima
AU  - Panerai, Francesco
AU  - Tagavi, Kaveh A.
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
AU  - Martin, Alexandre
T1  - Evaluation of the anisotropic radiative conductivity of a low-density carbon fiber material from realistic microscale imaging.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 95
M3  - Article
SP  - 535
EP  - 539
SN  - 00179310
AB  - The radiative heat transfer inside a low-density carbon fiber insulator is analyzed using a three-dimensional direct simulation model. A robust procedure is presented for the numerical calculation of the geometric configuration factor to compute the radiative energy exchange processes among the small discretized surface areas of the fibrous material. The methodology is applied to a polygonal mesh of a fibrous insulator obtained from three-dimensional microscale imaging of the real material. The anisotropic values of the radiative conductivity are calculated for that geometry. The results yield both directional and thermal dependence of the radiative conductivity. The combined value of radiative and solid conductivity are compared to experimental data available in the literature, and show excellent agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - HEAT exchangers
KW  - Effective conductivity
KW  - Porous media
KW  - Radiative conductivity
KW  - Radiative heat transfer
KW  - Thermal Protection Systems
N1  - Accession Number: 112630104; Nouri, Nima 1,2; Email Address: Nima.Nouri@uky.edu Panerai, Francesco 1; Email Address: Francesco.Panerai@uky.edu Tagavi, Kaveh A. 1; Email Address: Kaveh.Tagavi@uky.edu Mansour, Nagi N. 3; Email Address: Nagi.N.Mansour@nasa.gov Martin, Alexandre 1,4; Email Address: Alexandre.Martin@uky.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  3: NASA Advanced Supercomputing (NAS) Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Center for Computational Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 95, p535; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: HEAT exchangers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Effective conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous media; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative heat transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal Protection Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332410 Power Boiler and Heat Exchanger Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.12.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=112630104&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Essen, Christian
AU  - Giannakopoulou, Dimitra
T1  - Probabilistic verification and synthesis of the next generation airborne collision avoidance system.
JO  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
JF  - International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 18
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 227
EP  - 243
SN  - 14332779
AB  - The next generation airborne collision avoidance system, ACAS X, departs from the traditional deterministic model on which the current system, TCAS, is based. To increase robustness, ACAS X relies on probabilistic models to represent the various sources of uncertainty. The work reported in this paper identifies verification challenges for ACAS X, and studies the applicability of probabilistic verification and synthesis techniques in addressing these challenges. Due to shortcomings of off-the-shelf probabilistic analysis tools, we developed a new framework, named VeriCA (Verification for Collision Avoidance). VeriCA is a combined probabilistic synthesis and verification framework that is custom designed for ACAS X and systems with similar characteristics. VeriCA supports Java as a modeling language, is memory efficient, employs parallelization, and provides an interactive simulator that displays aircraft encounters and the corresponding ACAS X behavior. We describe the application of our framework to ACAS X, together with the results and recommendations that our analysis produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DETECT & avoid systems (Aviation)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Collision avoidance -- Software
KW  - JAVA (Computer program language)
KW  - ROBUST control
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PROBABILISTIC databases
KW  - MARKOV processes
KW  - Aircraft collision avoidance
KW  - Markov decision processes
KW  - Probabilistic synthesis
KW  - Probabilistic verification
N1  - Accession Number: 113736519; Essen, Christian 1; Email Address: vonessen.christian@gmail.com Giannakopoulou, Dimitra 2; Email Address: dimitra.giannakopoulou@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Verimag, Grenoble France  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p227; Subject Term: DETECT & avoid systems (Aviation); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Collision avoidance -- Software; Subject Term: JAVA (Computer program language); Subject Term: ROBUST control; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PROBABILISTIC databases; Subject Term: MARKOV processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft collision avoidance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Markov decision processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probabilistic verification; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10009-015-0388-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Xiaoyang
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
T1  - Monitoring interannual variation in global crop yield using long-term AVHRR and MODIS observations.
JO  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
JF  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 114
M3  - Article
SP  - 191
EP  - 205
SN  - 09242716
AB  - Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data have been extensively applied for crop yield prediction because of their daily temporal resolution and a global coverage. This study investigated global crop yield using daily two band Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI2) derived from AVHRR (1981–1999) and MODIS (2000–2013) observations at a spatial resolution of 0.05° (∼5 km). Specifically, EVI2 temporal trajectory of crop growth was simulated using a hybrid piecewise logistic model (HPLM) for individual pixels, which was used to detect crop phenological metrics. The derived crop phenology was then applied to calculate crop greenness defined as EVI2 amplitude and EVI2 integration during annual crop growing seasons, which was further aggregated for croplands in each country, respectively. The interannual variations in EVI2 amplitude and EVI2 integration were combined to correlate to the variation in cereal yield from 1982–2012 for individual countries using a stepwise regression model, respectively. The results show that the confidence level of the established regression models was higher than 90% ( P value < 0.1) in most countries in the northern hemisphere although it was relatively poor in the southern hemisphere (mainly in Africa). The error in the yield predication was relatively smaller in America, Europe and East Asia than that in Africa. In the 10 countries with largest cereal production across the world, the prediction error was less than 9% during past three decades. This suggests that crop phenology-controlled greenness from coarse resolution satellite data has the capability of predicting national crop yield across the world, which could provide timely and reliable crop information for global agricultural trade and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CROP yields
KW  - CROPS -- Phenology
KW  - ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - LOGISTIC model (Demography)
KW  - Crop greenness
KW  - Crop phenology
KW  - Global crop yield
KW  - Long-term satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 113950865; Zhang, Xiaoyang 1; Email Address: xiaoyang.zhang@sdstate.edu Zhang, Qingyuan 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence (GSCE), Department of Geography, South Dakota State University, 1021 Medary Ave., Wecota Hall 506B, Brookings, SD 57007-3510, USA  2: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 114, p191; Subject Term: CROP yields; Subject Term: CROPS -- Phenology; Subject Term: ADVANCED very high resolution radiometers; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: LOGISTIC model (Demography); Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop greenness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop phenology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global crop yield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-term satellite observations; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.02.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jinwei Shen
AU  - Singleton, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Piatak, David J.
AU  - Bauchau, Olivier A.
AU  - Masarati, Pierangelo
T1  - Multibody Dynamics Simulation and Experimental Investigation of a Model-Scale Tiltrotor.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 61
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 022010-1
EP  - 022010-11
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The objective of this investigation is to illustrate the steps involved in developing a multibody dynamics analytical model to simulate the aeroelastic stability and blade loading of a soft-inplane tiltrotor wind tunnel model and to correlate those simulations with experimental data. Development of soft-inplane tiltrotor technology is beneficial for providing viable lightweight hub design options for future heavy lift transport rotorcraft application. Experimental verification of such advanced configurations using either subscale models in wind tunnels or full-scale flight testing is becoming prohibitively expensive. Advanced modeling and simulation of complex tiltrotor hub configurations using multibody dynamics analyses offers an alternative to such expensive experimental verifications. Comprehensive rotorcraft-oriented multibody analyses enable themodeling and simulation of rotor hub systems to a level of detail that allows the complex kinematics and nonlinear effects associated with rotor hub control systems and drive train free play to be considered. The influence of these and other nonlinear effects on the aeromechanical behavior of a tiltrotor model is examined in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TILT rotor aircraft
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - LAGRANGE multiplier
KW  - WIND tunnel testing
N1  - Accession Number: 116161454; Jinwei Shen 1 Singleton, Jeffrey D. 2,3; Email Address: jinwei.shen@eng.ua.edu Piatak, David J. 4 Bauchau, Olivier A. 5 Masarati, Pierangelo 6; Affiliation:  1: Research Engineer, National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA  2: Director for Basic Research, U.S. Army Research & Technology, Crystal City, VA  3: Assistant Professor, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL  4: Aerospace Engineer, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  5: Sikorsky Chair Professor, University of Maryland, College Park, MD  6: Associate Professor, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Aerospaziale, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 61 Issue 2, p022010-1; Subject Term: TILT rotor aircraft; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: LAGRANGE multiplier; Subject Term: WIND tunnel testing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.61.022010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - SEARS, Derek W. G.
AU  - SEARS, Hazel
AU  - EBEL, Denton S.
AU  - WALLACE, Sean
AU  - FRIEDRICH, Jon M.
T1  - X-ray computed tomography imaging: A not-so-nondestructive technique.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 51
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 833
EP  - 838
SN  - 10869379
AB  - X-ray computed tomography has become a popular means for examining the interiors of meteorites and has been advocated for routine curation and for the examination of samples returned by missions. Here, we report the results of a blind test that indicate that CT imaging deposits a considerable radiation dose in a meteorite and seriously compromises its natural radiation record. Ten vials of the Bruderheim L6 chondrite were placed in CT imager and exposed to radiation levels typical for meteorite studies. Half were retained as controls. Their thermoluminescence (TL) properties were then measured in a blind test. Five of the samples had TL data unaltered from their original (~10 cps) while five had very strong signals (~20,000 cps). It was therefore very clear which samples had been in the CT scanner. For comparison, the natural TL signal from Antarctic meteorites is ~5000-50,000 cps. Using the methods developed for Antarctic meteorites, the apparent dose absorbed by the five test samples was calculated to be 83 ± 5 krad, comparable with the highest doses observed in Antarctic meteorites and freshly fallen meteorites. While these results do not preclude the use of CT scanners when scientifically justified, it should be remembered that the record of radiation exposure to ionizing radiations for the sample will be destroyed and that TL, or the related optically stimulated luminescence, are the primary modern techniques for radiation dosimetry. This is particularly important with irreplaceable samples, such as meteorite main masses, returned samples, and samples destined for archive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES -- Research
KW  - COMPUTED tomography
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - THERMOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
N1  - Accession Number: 114479405; SEARS, Derek W. G. 1; Email Address: derek.sears@nasa.gov SEARS, Hazel 1 EBEL, Denton S. 2 WALLACE, Sean 2 FRIEDRICH, Jon M. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center/BAER Institute, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California 95035, USA  2: American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York 10024, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Fordham University, New York, New York 10458, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 51 Issue 4, p833; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Research; Subject Term: COMPUTED tomography; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: THERMOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12622
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moffett, Amanda J.
AU  - Ingarfield, Stephen A.
AU  - Driver, Simon P.
AU  - Robotham, Aaron S. G.
AU  - Kelvin, Lee S.
AU  - Lange, Rebecca
AU  - Meštrić, Uroš
AU  - Alpaslan, Mehmet
AU  - Baldry, Ivan K.
AU  - Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
AU  - Brough, Sarah
AU  - Cluver, Michelle E.
AU  - Davies, Luke J. M.
AU  - Holwerda, Benne W.
AU  - Hopkins, Andrew M.
AU  - Kafle, Prajwal R.
AU  - Kennedy, Rebecca
AU  - Norberg, Peder
AU  - Taylor, Edward N.
T1  - Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): the stellar mass budget by galaxy type.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 457
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1308
EP  - 1319
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We report an expanded sample of visual morphological classifications from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey phase two, which now includes 7556 objects (previously 3727 in phase one). We define a local (z < 0.06) sample and classify galaxies into E, S0-Sa, SB0-SBa, Sab-Scd, SBab-SBcd, Sd-Irr, and 'little blue spheroid' types. Using these updated classifications, we derive stellar mass function fits to individual galaxy populations divided both by morphological class and more general spheroid- or disc-dominated categories with a lower mass limit of log(M*/M⊙) = 8 (one dex below earlier morphological mass function determinations). We find that all individual morphological classes and the combined spheroid-/bulge-dominated classes are well described by single Schechter stellar mass function forms. We find that the total stellar mass densities for individual galaxy populations and for the entire galaxy population are bounded within our stellar mass limits and derive an estimated total stellar mass density of ρ* = 2.5 × 108 M⊙ Mpc-3 h0.7, which corresponds to an approximately 4 per cent fraction of baryons found in stars. The mass contributions to this total stellar mass density by galaxies that are dominated by spheroidal components (E and S0-Sa classes) and by disc components (Sab-Scd and Sd-Irr classes) are approximately 70 and 30 per cent, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - GALACTIC dynamics
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - GALAXIES -- Formation
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD
KW  - galaxies: fundamental parameters
KW  - galaxies: luminosity function
KW  - galaxies: spiral
KW  - galaxies: statistics
KW  - mass function
N1  - Accession Number: 113390964; Moffett, Amanda J. 1; Email Address: amanda.moffett@uwa.edu.au Ingarfield, Stephen A. 1 Driver, Simon P. 1,2 Robotham, Aaron S. G. 1 Kelvin, Lee S. 3,4 Lange, Rebecca 1 Meštrić, Uroš 3 Alpaslan, Mehmet 5 Baldry, Ivan K. 4 Bland-Hawthorn, Joss 6 Brough, Sarah 7 Cluver, Michelle E. 8 Davies, Luke J. M. 1 Holwerda, Benne W. 9 Hopkins, Andrew M. 7 Kafle, Prajwal R. 1 Kennedy, Rebecca 10 Norberg, Peder 11 Taylor, Edward N. 12; Affiliation:  1: ICRAR, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  2: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK  3: Institute für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria  4: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK  5: NASA Ames Research Center, N232, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  6: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  7: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 915, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia  8: Department of Physics, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa  9: Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands  10: School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK  11: ICC and CEA, Department of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  12: School of Physics, the University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 457 Issue 2, p1308; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: GALACTIC dynamics; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Formation; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: luminosity function; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: spiral; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: statistics; Author-Supplied Keyword: mass function; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stv2883
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cook, N. J.
AU  - Pinfield, D. J.
AU  - Marocco, F.
AU  - Burningham, B.
AU  - Jones, H. R. A.
AU  - Frith, J.
AU  - Zhong, J.
AU  - Luo, A. L.
AU  - Qi, Z. X.
AU  - Lucas, P. W.
AU  - Gromadzki, M.
AU  - Day-Jones, A. C.
AU  - Kurtev, R. G.
AU  - Guo, Y. X.
AU  - Wang, Y. F.
AU  - Bai, Y.
AU  - Yi, Z. P.
AU  - Smart, R. L.
T1  - A method for selecting M dwarfs with an increased likelihood of unresolved ultracool companionship.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 457
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2192
EP  - 2208
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Locating ultracool companions to M dwarfs is important for constraining low-mass formation models, the measurement of substellar dynamical masses and radii, and for testing ultracool evolutionary models. We present an optimized method for identifying M dwarfs which may have unresolved ultracool companions. We construct a catalogue of 440 694 M dwarf candidates, from Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, Two Micron All-Sky Survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey, based on optical- and near-infrared colours and reduced proper motion. With strict reddening, photometric and quality constraints we isolate a subsample of 36 898 M dwarfs and search for possible mid-infrared M dwarf + ultracool dwarf candidates by comparing M dwarfs which have similar optical/near-infrared colours (chosen for their sensitivity to effective temperature and metallicity). We present 1082 M dwarf + ultracool dwarf candidates for follow-up. Using simulated ultracool dwarf companions to M dwarfs, we estimate that the occurrence of unresolved ultracool companions amongst our M dwarf + ultracool dwarf candidates should be at least four times the average for our full M dwarf catalogue. We discuss possible contamination and bias and predict yields of candidates based on our simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - CONSTRAINTS (Physics)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - methods: observational
KW  - stars: low-mass
KW  - SLOAN Digital Sky Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 113391031; Cook, N. J. 1; Email Address: neil.james.cook@gmail.com Pinfield, D. J. 1 Marocco, F. 1 Burningham, B. 1,2 Jones, H. R. A. 1 Frith, J. 1 Zhong, J. 3 Luo, A. L. 4 Qi, Z. X. 3 Lucas, P. W. 1 Gromadzki, M. 5,6 Day-Jones, A. C. 1 Kurtev, R. G. 5,6 Guo, Y. X. 4 Wang, Y. F. 4 Bai, Y. 4 Yi, Z. P. 7 Smart, R. L. 8; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Key Laboratory for Research in Galaxies and Cosmology, SHAO, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, China  4: Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, NAO, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road 20A, Beijing 100012, China  5: Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Av. Vicua Mackenna 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago, Chile  6: Istitiuto de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de Valparaíso, ave. Gran Bretaña 1111, Casilla 5030, Valparaíso, Chile  7: Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai 264209, China  8: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio, I-10023, Torino, Italy; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 457 Issue 2, p2192; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: CONSTRAINTS (Physics); Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: observational; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Company/Entity: SLOAN Digital Sky Survey; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw061
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spingola, C.
AU  - Dallacasa, D.
AU  - Orienti, M.
AU  - Giroletti, M.
AU  - McKean, J. P.
AU  - Cheung, C. C.
AU  - Hovatta, T.
AU  - Ciprini, S.
AU  - D'Ammando, F.
AU  - Falco, E.
AU  - Larsson, S.
AU  - Max-Moerbeck, W.
AU  - Ojha, R.
AU  - Readhead, A. C. S.
AU  - Richards, J. L.
AU  - Scargle, J.
T1  - Radio follow-up of the γ-ray flaring gravitational lens JVAS B0218+357.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/04//
VL  - 457
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2263
EP  - 2271
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present results on multifrequency Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) monitoring observations of the double-image gravitationally lensed blazar JVAS B0218+357. Multi-epoch observations started less than one month after the γ-ray flare detected in 2012 by the Large Area Telescope on board Fermi, and spanned a 2-month interval. The radio light curves did not reveal any significant flux density variability, suggesting that no clear correlation between the high-energy and low-energy emission is present. This behaviour was confirmed also by the long-term Owens Valley Radio Observatory monitoring data at 15 GHz. The milliarcsecond-scale resolution provided by the VLBA observations allowed us to resolve the two images of the lensed blazar, which have a core-jet structure. No significant morphological variation is found by the analysis of the multi-epoch data, suggesting that the region responsible for the γ-ray variability is located in the core of the active galactic nuclei, which is opaque up to the highest observing frequency of 22 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL lenses
KW  - LONG baseline interferometers
KW  - BL Lacertae objects
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - gravitational lensing: strong
KW  - quasars: individual: JVAS B0218+357
N1  - Accession Number: 113391035; Spingola, C. 1,2,3; Email Address: spingola@astro.rug.nl Dallacasa, D. 1,2; Email Address: ddallaca@ira.inaf.it Orienti, M. 2; Email Address: orienti@ira.inaf.it Giroletti, M. 2 McKean, J. P. 3,4 Cheung, C. C. 5 Hovatta, T. 6 Ciprini, S. 7,8 D'Ammando, F. 1,2 Falco, E. 9 Larsson, S. 10,11 Max-Moerbeck, W. 12 Ojha, R. 13,14,15 Readhead, A. C. S. 16 Richards, J. L. 17 Scargle, J. 18; Affiliation:  1: Dipartimento di Astronomia, Università di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy  2: INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy  3: Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, NL-9700 AV Groningen, the Netherlands  4: Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), PO Box 2, NL-7990 AA Dwingeloo, the Netherlands  5: Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352, USA  6: Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, FI-02540 Kylmälä, Finland  7: Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) Science Data Center, I-00133 Roma, Italy  8: Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, I-00040 Monte Porzio Catone (Roma), Italy  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  10: Department of Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, and the Oscar Klein Centre, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden  11: The Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, AlbaNova, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden  12: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, PO Box 0, Socorro, NM 87801, USA  13: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  14: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  15: The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC 20064, USA  16: Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena CA, 91125, USA  17: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  18: Space Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 457 Issue 2, p2263; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL lenses; Subject Term: LONG baseline interferometers; Subject Term: BL Lacertae objects; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitational lensing: strong; Author-Supplied Keyword: quasars: individual: JVAS B0218+357; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw136
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - van Donkelaar, Aaron
AU  - Martin, Randall V.
AU  - Brauer, Michael
AU  - Hsu, N. Christina
AU  - Kahn, Ralph A.
AU  - Levy, Robert C.
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Sayer, Andrew M.
AU  - Winker, David M.
T1  - Global Estimates of Fine Particulate Matter using a Combined Geophysical-Statistical Method with Information from Satellites, Models, and Monitors.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/04/05/
VL  - 50
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3762
EP  - 3772
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We estimated global fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations using information from satellite-, simulation- and monitor-based sources by applying a Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) to global geophysically based satellite-derived PM2.5 estimates. Aerosol optical depth from multiple satellite products (MISR, MODIS Dark Target, MODIS and SeaWiFS Deep Blue, and MODIS MAIAC) was combined with simulation (GEOS-Chem) based upon their relative uncertainties as determined using ground-based sun photometer (AERONET) observations for 1998-2014. The GWR predictors included simulated aerosol composition and land use information. The resultant PM2.5 estimates were highly consistent (R² = 0.81) with out-of-sample cross-validated PM2.5 concentrations from monitors. The global population-weighted annual average PM2.5 concentrations were 3-fold higher than the 10 µg/m³ WHO guideline, driven by exposures in Asian and African regions. Estimates in regions with high contributions from mineral dust were associated with higher uncertainty, resulting from both sparse ground-based monitoring, and challenging conditions for retrieval and simulation. This approach demonstrates that the addition of even sparse ground-based measurements to more globally continuous PM2.5 data sources can yield valuable improvements to PM2.5 characterization on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 114698518; van Donkelaar, Aaron 1; Email Address: Aaron.van.Donkelaar@dal.ca Martin, Randall V. 1,2 Brauer, Michael 3 Hsu, N. Christina 4 Kahn, Ralph A. 4 Levy, Robert C. 4 Lyapustin, Alexei 4,5 Sayer, Andrew M. 4,5 Winker, David M. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, N.S. Canada  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States  3: School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T1Z3, Canada  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States  5: Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research, Universities Space Research Association, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23665, United States; Source Info: 4/5/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 7, p3762; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.5b05833
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114698518&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyung Joo Lee
AU  - Youn-Suk Son
T1  - Spatial Variability of AERONET Aerosol Optical Properties and Satellite Data in South Korea during NASA DRAGON-Asia Campaign.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/04/05/
VL  - 50
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 3954
EP  - 3964
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We investigated spatial variability in aerosol optical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine-mode fraction (FMF), and single scattering albedo (SSA), observed at 21 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites and satellite remote sensing data in South Korea during the spring of 2012. These dense AERONET networks established in a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) field campaign enabled us to examine the spatially detailed aerosol size distribution and composition as well as aerosol levels. The springtime particle air quality was characterized by high background aerosol levels and high contributions of coarse-mode aerosols to total aerosols. We found that between-site correlations and coefficient of divergence for AOD and FMF strongly relied on the distance between sites, particularly in the south-north direction. Higher AOD was related to higher population density and lower distance from highways, and the aerosol size distribution and composition reflected source-specific characteristics. The ratios of satellite NO2 to AOD, which indicate the relative contributions of local combustion sources to aerosol levels, represented higher local contributions in metropolitan Seoul and Pusan. Our study demonstrates that the aerosol levels were determined by both local and regional pollution and that the relative contributions of these pollutions to aerosols generated spatial heterogeneity in the particle air quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Geography)
KW  - REMOTE sensing devices
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - KOREA (South)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 114698541; Hyung Joo Lee 1; Email Address: hyungjoo.lee@nasa.gov Youn-Suk Son 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  2: Research Division for Industry & Environment, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, South Korea; Source Info: 4/5/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 7, p3954; Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Geography); Subject Term: REMOTE sensing devices; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: KOREA (South); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.5b04831
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114698541&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tiffany Kataria
AU  - David K. Sing
AU  - Nikole K. Lewis
AU  - Channon Visscher
AU  - Adam P. Showman
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - Mark S. Marley
T1  - THE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION OF A NINE-HOT-JUPITER SAMPLE: PROBING CIRCULATION AND CHEMISTRY OVER A WIDE PHASE SPACE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/04/10/
VL  - 821
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present results from an atmospheric circulation study of nine hot Jupiters that compose a large transmission spectral survey using the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes. These observations exhibit a range of spectral behavior over optical and infrared wavelengths, suggesting diverse cloud and haze properties in their atmospheres. By utilizing the specific system parameters for each planet, we naturally probe a wide phase space in planet radius, gravity, orbital period, and equilibrium temperature. First, we show that our model “grid” recovers trends shown in traditional parametric studies of hot Jupiters, particularly equatorial superrotation and increased day–night temperature contrast with increasing equilibrium temperature. We show how spatial temperature variations, particularly between the dayside and nightside and west and east terminators, can vary by hundreds of kelvin, which could imply large variations in Na, K, CO and abundances in those regions. These chemical variations can be large enough to be observed in transmission with high-resolution spectrographs, such as ESPRESSO on VLT, METIS on the E-ELT, or MIRI and NIRSpec aboard JWST. We also compare theoretical emission spectra generated from our models to available Spitzer eclipse depths for each planet and find that the outputs from our solar-metallicity, cloud-free models generally provide a good match to many of the data sets, even without additional model tuning. Although these models are cloud-free, we can use their results to understand the chemistry and dynamics that drive cloud formation in their atmospheres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - PLANETS -- Spectra
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 114463943; Tiffany Kataria 1; Email Address: tkataria@astro.ex.ac.uk David K. Sing 1 Nikole K. Lewis 2 Channon Visscher 3 Adam P. Showman 4 Jonathan J. Fortney 5 Mark S. Marley 6; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, School of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK  2: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  3: Department of Chemistry, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA  4: Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 4/10/2016, Vol. 821 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Spectra; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/821/1/9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alpaslan, Mehmet
AU  - Grootes, Meiert
AU  - Marcum, Pamela M.
AU  - Popescu, Cristina
AU  - Tuffs, Richard
AU  - Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
AU  - Brough, Sarah
AU  - Brown, Michael J. I.
AU  - Davies, Luke J. M.
AU  - Driver, Simon P.
AU  - Holwerda, Benne W.
AU  - Kelvin, Lee S.
AU  - Lara-López, Maritza A.
AU  - López-Sánchez, Ángel R.
AU  - Loveday, Jon
AU  - Moffett, Amanda
AU  - Taylor, Edward N.
AU  - Owers, Matt
AU  - Robotham, Aaron S. G.
T1  - Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): stellar mass growth of spiral galaxies in the cosmic web.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/04/11/
VL  - 457
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2287
EP  - 2300
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We look for correlated changes in stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR) along filaments in the cosmic web by examining the stellar masses and UV-derived SFRs of 1799 ungrouped and unpaired spiral galaxies that reside in filaments. We devise multiple distance metrics to characterize the complex geometry of filaments, and find that galaxies closer to the cylindrical centre of a filament have higher stellar masses than their counterparts near the periphery of filaments, on the edges of voids. In addition, these peripheral spiral galaxies have higher SFRs at a given mass. Complementing our sample of filament spiral galaxies with spiral galaxies in tendrils and voids, we find that the average SFR of these objects in different large-scale environments are similar to each other with the primary discriminant in SFR being stellar mass, in line with previous works. However, the distributions of SFRs are found to vary with large-scale environment. Our results thus suggest a model in which in addition to stellar mass as the primary discriminant, the large-scale environment is imprinted in the SFR as a secondorder effect. Furthermore, our detailed results for filament galaxies suggest a model in which gas accretion from voids on to filaments is primarily in an orthogonal direction. Overall, we find our results to be in line with theoretical expectations of the thermodynamic properties of the intergalactic medium in different large-scale environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPIRAL galaxies
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - galaxies: spiral
KW  - galaxies: stellar content
KW  - large-scale structure of Universe
N1  - Accession Number: 113655363; Alpaslan, Mehmet 1; Email Address: mehmet.alpaslan@nasa.gov Grootes, Meiert 2 Marcum, Pamela M. 1 Popescu, Cristina 2,3,4 Tuffs, Richard 2 Bland-Hawthorn, Joss 5 Brough, Sarah 6 Brown, Michael J. I. 7 Davies, Luke J. M. 8 Driver, Simon P. 8 Holwerda, Benne W. 9 Kelvin, Lee S. 10 Lara-López, Maritza A. 11 López-Sánchez, Ángel R. 6,12 Loveday, Jon 13 Moffett, Amanda 8 Taylor, Edward N. 14 Owers, Matt 6,12 Robotham, Aaron S. G. 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, N232, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  2: Max Planck Institute fuer Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  3: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, PR1 2HE Preston, UK  4: The Astronomical Institute of the Romanian Academy, Str. Cutitul de Argint 5, 040557 Bucharest, Romania  5: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  6: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 915, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia  7: School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia  8: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, 7 Fairway, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Perth, WA 6009, Australia  9: University of Leiden, Sterrenwacht Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands  10: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK  11: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A.P. 70-264, 04510 México, D.F., México  12: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia  13: Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK  14: School of Physics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Source Info: 4/11/2016, Vol. 457 Issue 3, p2287; Subject Term: SPIRAL galaxies; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: spiral; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: stellar content; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale structure of Universe; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw134
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113655363&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evans, A.
AU  - Gehrz, R. D.
AU  - Woodward, C. E.
AU  - Sarre, P. J.
AU  - van Loon, J. T.
AU  - Helton, L. A.
AU  - Starrfield, S.
AU  - Eyres, S. P. S.
T1  - CK Vul: a smorgasbord of hydrocarbons rules out a 1670 nova (and much else besides).
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/04/11/
VL  - 457
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2871
EP  - 2876
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present observations of CK Vul obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The infrared spectrum reveals a warm dust continuum with nebular, molecular hydrogen and HCN lines superimposed, together with the 'Unidentified Infrared' features. The nebular lines are consistent with emission by a low-density gas. We conclude that the Spitzer data, combined with other information, are incompatible with CK Vul being a classical nova remnant in 'hibernation' after the event of 1670, a 'very late thermal pulse', a 'Luminous Red Variable', such as V838 Mon, or a 'diffusion-induced nova'. The true nature of CK Vul remains a mystery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOVAE (Astronomy)
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - circumstellar matter
KW  - infrared: stars
KW  - ISM: molecules
KW  - stars: individual: CK Vul
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113655385; Evans, A. 1; Email Address: a.evans@keele.ac.uk Gehrz, R. D. 2 Woodward, C. E. 2 Sarre, P. J. 3 van Loon, J. T. 1 Helton, L. A. 4 Starrfield, S. 5 Eyres, S. P. S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Lennard Jones Laboratory, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK  2: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  3: School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK  4: USRA-SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Box 871404, Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA  6: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK; Source Info: 4/11/2016, Vol. 457 Issue 3, p2871; Subject Term: NOVAE (Astronomy); Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: circumstellar matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: infrared: stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: molecules; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: CK Vul; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw352
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113655385&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deacon, N. R.
AU  - Schlieder, J. E.
AU  - Murphy, S. J.
T1  - A nearby young M dwarf with a wide, possibly planetary-mass companion.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/04/11/
VL  - 457
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 3191
EP  - 3199
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the identification of two previously known young objects in the solar neighbourhood as a likely very wide binary. TYC 9486-927-1, an active, rapidly rotating early-M dwarf, and 2MASS J21265040-8140293, a low-gravity L3 dwarf previously identified as candidate members of the ~45 Myr old Tucana-Horologium association (TucHor). An updated proper motion measurement of the L3 secondary, and a detailed analysis of the pair's kinematics in the context of known nearby, young stars, reveals that they share common proper motion and are likely bound. New observations and analyses reveal the primary exhibits Li 6708 Å absorption consistent with M dwarfs younger than TucHor but older than the ~10 Myr TW Hydra association yielding an age range of 10-45 Myr. A revised kinematic analysis suggests the space motions and positions of the pair are closer to, but not entirely in agreement with, the ~24 Myr old β Pictoris moving group. This revised 10-45 Myr age range yields a mass range of 11.6-15 MJ for the secondary. It is thus likely 2MASS J2126-8140 is the widest orbit planetary-mass object known (>4500 au) and its estimated mass, age, spectral type, and Teff are similar to the well-studied planet β Pictoris b. Because of their extreme separation and youth, this low-mass pair provide an interesting case study for very wide binary formation and evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - PLANETS -- Masses
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - binaries: visual
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - planets and satellites: detection
KW  - stars: pre-main-sequence
KW  - TWO Micron All Sky Survey
N1  - Accession Number: 113655383; Deacon, N. R. 1; Email Address: n.deacon2@herts.ac.uk Schlieder, J. E. 2,3 Murphy, S. J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astrophysics Research, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  4: Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia; Source Info: 4/11/2016, Vol. 457 Issue 3, p3191; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Masses; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: visual; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: pre-main-sequence; Company/Entity: TWO Micron All Sky Survey; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw172
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113655383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bera, Partha P.
AU  - Nuevo, Michel
AU  - Materese, Christopher K.
AU  - Sandford, Scott A.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Mechanisms for the formation of thymine under astrophysical conditions and implications for the origin of life.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2016/04/14/
VL  - 144
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 00219606
AB  - Nucleobases are the carriers of the genetic information in ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for all life on Earth. Their presence in meteorites clearly indicates that compounds of biological importance can form via non-biological processes in extraterrestrial environments. Recent experimental studies have shown that the pyrimidine-based nucleobases uracil and cytosine can be easily formed from the ultraviolet irradiation of pyrimidine in H2O-rich ice mixtures that simulate astrophysical processes. In contrast, thymine, which is found only in DNA, is more difficult to form under the same experimental conditions, as its formation usually requires a higher photon dose. Earlier quantum chemical studies confirmed that the reaction pathways were favorable provided that several H2O molecules surrounded the reactants. However, the present quantum chemical study shows that the formation of thymine is limited because of the inefficiency of the methylation of pyrimidine and its oxidized derivatives in an H2O ice, as supported by the laboratory studies. Our results constrain the formation of thymine in astrophysical environments and thus the inventory of organic molecules delivered to the early Earth and have implications for the role of thymine and DNA in the origin of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THYMINE
KW  - BASE pairs
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - PYRIMIDINES
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - SPACE environment
N1  - Accession Number: 114580223; Bera, Partha P. 1,2; Email Address: Partha.P.Bera@nasa.gov Nuevo, Michel 1,2 Materese, Christopher K. 1,2 Sandford, Scott A. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 1; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, California 94952, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 144 Issue 14, p1; Subject Term: THYMINE; Subject Term: BASE pairs; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: PYRIMIDINES; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4945745
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bowers, M.L.
AU  - Gao, Y.
AU  - Yang, L.
AU  - Gaydosh, D.J.
AU  - De Graef, M.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Wang, Y.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
T1  - Corrigendum to “Austenite grain refinement during load-biased thermal cycling of a Ni49.9Ti50.1 shape memory alloy” [Acta Mater. 91 (2015) 318–329].
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2016/04/15/
VL  - 108
M3  - Article
SP  - 380
EP  - 380
SN  - 13596454
KW  - ERRATA (Publishing)
KW  - AUSTENITE
KW  - GRAIN refinement
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 113868803; Bowers, M.L. 1; Email Address: bowers.246@osu.edu Gao, Y. 1 Yang, L. 1 Gaydosh, D.J. 2,3 De Graef, M. 4 Noebe, R.D. 2 Wang, Y. 1 Mills, M.J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Cleveland, OH 44142, United States  4: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 152213, United States; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 108, p380; Subject Term: ERRATA (Publishing); Subject Term: AUSTENITE; Subject Term: GRAIN refinement; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.01.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Laurila, T.
AU  - Sainio, S.
AU  - Jiang, H.
AU  - Koskinen, J.
AU  - Koehne, J.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - The role of extra carbon source during the pre-annealing stage in the growth of carbon nanofibers.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2016/04/15/
VL  - 100
M3  - Article
SP  - 351
EP  - 354
SN  - 00086223
AB  - In this letter, we discuss the role of a thin diamond-like carbon (DLC) layer in the growth of carbon nanofibers. We show how the DLC layer acts as an additional carbon source during the pre-annealing stage and changes the nanofiber morphology significantly compared to the case without the DLC layer. Significant amount of carbon is dissolved into the Ni layer during the pre-annealing stage, which leads to supersaturation and subsequent precipitation of carbon out of the Ni particles during the growth stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - DIAMOND-like carbon
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - SUPERSATURATION
KW  - ANNEALING of metals
N1  - Accession Number: 112948429; Laurila, T. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: tomi.laurila@aalto.fi Sainio, S. 1,2,3,4 Jiang, H. 1,2,3,4 Koskinen, J. 1,2,3,4 Koehne, J. 1,2,3,4 Meyyappan, M. 1,2,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland  2: Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland  3: Department of Materials Science, School of Chemical Technology, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland  4: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 100, p351; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: DIAMOND-like carbon; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SUPERSATURATION; Subject Term: ANNEALING of metals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.01.037
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Roueff, Evelyne
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Inclusion of 13C and D in protonated acetylene.
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2016/04/16/
VL  - 650
M3  - Article
SP  - 126
EP  - 129
SN  - 00092614
AB  - The rovibrational spectrum of cyclic, protonated acetylene has been established. The improvement in modern telescopes coupled with the different branching ratios in reaction models welcomes study of 13 C-substitution for C 2 H 3 + . Quartic force fields (QFFs) have been previously utilized to predict the antisymmetric HCCH stretch in standard c -C 2 H 3 + to within 0.1 cm −1 of experiment and are employed here to generate rovibrational insights for the 13 C isotopologues. The zero-point energies are also given for the cyclic and ‘Y’-shaped isomers for both 13 C and D substitutions. Vibrational intensities and the dipole moments are provided in order to characterize more fully this simple cation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON isotopes
KW  - PROTON transfer reactions
KW  - ACETYLENE
KW  - MOLECULAR force constants
KW  - ISOTOPOLOGUES
KW  - SUBSTITUTION reactions
N1  - Accession Number: 114495965; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1; Email Address: rfortenberry@georgiasouthern.edu Roueff, Evelyne 2 Lee, Timothy J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Georgia Southern University, Department of Chemistry, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA  2: LERMA, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, F-92190 Meudon, France  3: Mail Stop 245-1, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 650, p126; Subject Term: CARBON isotopes; Subject Term: PROTON transfer reactions; Subject Term: ACETYLENE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR force constants; Subject Term: ISOTOPOLOGUES; Subject Term: SUBSTITUTION reactions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.068
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elisa V. Quintana
AU  - Thomas Barclay
AU  - William J. Borucki
AU  - Jason F. Rowe
AU  - John E. Chambers
T1  - THE FREQUENCY OF GIANT IMPACTS ON EARTH-LIKE WORLDS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/04/20/
VL  - 821
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The late stages of terrestrial planet formation are dominated by giant impacts that collectively influence the growth, composition, and habitability of any planets that form. Hitherto, numerical models designed to explore these late stage collisions have been limited by assuming that all collisions lead to perfect accretion, and many of these studies lack the large number of realizations needed to account for the chaotic nature of N-body systems. We improve on these limitations by performing 280 simulations of planet formation around a Sun-like star, half of which used an N-body algorithm that has recently been modified to include fragmentation and hit-and-run (bouncing) collisions. We find that when fragmentation is included, the final planets formed are comparable in terms of mass and number; however, their collision histories differ significantly and the accretion time approximately doubles. We explored impacts onto Earth-like planets, which we parameterized in terms of their specific impact energies. Only 15 of our 164 Earth-analogs experienced an impact that was energetic enough to strip an entire atmosphere. To strip about half of an atmosphere requires energies comparable to recent models of the Moon-forming giant impact. Almost all Earth-analogs received at least one impact that met this criteria during the 2 Gyr simulations and the median was three giant impacts. The median time of the giant impact was 43 Myr after the start of the simulations, leading us to conclude that the time-frame of the Moon-forming impact is typical among planetary systems around Sun-like stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Remote sensing
KW  - LUNAR transient phenomena
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - INNER planets
N1  - Accession Number: 115054505; Elisa V. Quintana 1,2 Thomas Barclay 1,2,3 William J. Borucki 1,2 Jason F. Rowe 1,2,4 John E. Chambers 2,5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA NPP Senior Fellow.  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St. Ste 209, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA; Source Info: 4/20/2016, Vol. 821 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: LUNAR transient phenomena; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: INNER planets; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/126
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kimberly M. Aller
AU  - Michael C. Liu
AU  - Eugene A. Magnier
AU  - William M. J. Best
AU  - Michael C. Kotson
AU  - William S. Burgett
AU  - Kenneth C. Chambers
AU  - Klaus W. Hodapp
AU  - Heather Flewelling
AU  - Nick Kaiser
AU  - Nigel Metcalf
AU  - John L. Tonry
AU  - Richard J. Wainscoat
AU  - Christopher Waters
T1  - BROWN DWARFS IN YOUNG MOVING GROUPS FROM PAN-STARRS1. I. AB DORADUS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/04/20/
VL  - 821
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Substellar members of young (≲150 Myr) moving groups are valuable benchmarks to empirically define brown dwarf evolution with age and to study the low-mass end of the initial mass function. We have combined Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) proper motions with optical–IR photometry from PS1, Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), and WISE to search for substellar members of the AB Dor Moving Group within ≈50 pc and with spectral types of late M to early L, corresponding to masses down to ≈30 MJup at the age of the group (≈125 Myr). Including both photometry and proper motions allows us to better select candidates by excluding field dwarfs whose colors are similar to young AB Dor Moving Group members. Our near-IR spectroscopy has identified six ultracool dwarfs (M6–L4; ≈30–100 MJup) with intermediate surface gravities (int-g) as candidate members of the AB Dor Moving Group. We find another two candidate members with spectra showing hints of youth but consistent with field gravities. We also find four field brown dwarfs unassociated with the AB Dor Moving Group, three of which have int-g gravity classification. While signatures of youth are present in the spectra of our ≈125 Myr objects, neither their J – K nor W1 – W2 colors are significantly redder than field dwarfs with the same spectral types, unlike younger ultracool dwarfs. We also determined PS1 parallaxes for eight of our candidates and one previously identified AB Dor Moving Group candidate. Although radial velocities (and parallaxes, for some) are still needed to fully assess membership, these new objects provide valuable insight into the spectral characteristics and evolution of young brown dwarfs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL surveys
KW  - DWARF novae
KW  - NEMESIS (Star)
N1  - Accession Number: 115054548; Kimberly M. Aller 1,2 Michael C. Liu 1 Eugene A. Magnier 1 William M. J. Best 1 Michael C. Kotson 1,3 William S. Burgett 1 Kenneth C. Chambers 1 Klaus W. Hodapp 1 Heather Flewelling 1 Nick Kaiser 1 Nigel Metcalf 4 John L. Tonry 1 Richard J. Wainscoat 1 Christopher Waters 1; Affiliation:  1: University of Hawaii, Institute of Astronomy, 2860 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA  4: Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK; Source Info: 4/20/2016, Vol. 821 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL surveys; Subject Term: DWARF novae; Subject Term: NEMESIS (Star); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/821/2/120
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sarikurt, S.
AU  - Ozden, A.
AU  - Kandemir, A.
AU  - Sevik, C.
AU  - Kinaci, A.
AU  - Haskins, J. B.
AU  - Cagin, T.
T1  - Tailoring thermal conductivity of silicon/germanium nanowires utilizing core-shell architecture.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2016/04/21/
VL  - 119
IS  - 15
M3  - Article
SP  - 155101-1
EP  - 155101-9
SN  - 00218979
AB  - Low-dimensional nanostructured materials show large variations in their thermal transport properties. In this work, we investigate the influence of the core-shell architecture on nanowire (1D) thermal conductivity and evaluate its validity as a strategy to achieve a better thermoelectric performance. To obtain the thermal conductivity values, equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are conducted for core-shell nanowires of silicon and germanium. To explore the parameter space, we have calculated thermal conductivity values of the Si-core/Ge-shell and Ge-core/Si-shell nanowires having different cross-sectional sizes and core contents at several temperatures. Our results indicate that (1) increasing the cross-sectional area of pristine Si and pristine Ge nanowires increases the thermal conductivity, (2) increasing the Ge core size in the Ge-core/Si-shell structure results in a decrease in the thermal conductivity at 300 K, (3) the thermal conductivity of the Sicore/ Ge-shell nanowires demonstrates a minima at a specific core size, (4) no significant variation in the thermal conductivity is observed in nanowires for temperatures larger than 300 K, and (5) the predicted thermal conductivity within the frame of applied geometrical constraints is found to be around 10 W/(mK) for the Si and Ge core-shell architecture with a smooth interface. The value is still higher than the amorphous limit (1 W/(mK)). This represents a significant reduction in thermal conductivity with respect to their bulk crystalline and pristine nanowire forms. Furthermore, we observed additional suppression of thermal conductivity through the introduction of interface roughness to Si/Ge core-shell nanowires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURED materials -- Research
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - SILICON compounds
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - AMORPHOUS substances
N1  - Accession Number: 114740603; Sarikurt, S. 1,2; Email Address: sevil.sarikurt@deu.edu.tr Ozden, A. 3 Kandemir, A. 3 Sevik, C. 4; Email Address: csevik@anadolu.edu.tr Kinaci, A. 1,5 Haskins, J. B. 6,7 Cagin, T. 1,7; Email Address: tcagin@tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3003, USA  2: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35390, Turkey  3: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey  4: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey  5: Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA  6: AMA, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  7: Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119 Issue 15, p155101-1; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURED materials -- Research; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: SILICON compounds; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: AMORPHOUS substances; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4946835
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Southworth, John
AU  - Tregloan-Reed, J.
AU  - Andersen, M. I.
AU  - Novati, S. Calchi
AU  - Ciceri, S.
AU  - Colque, J. P.
AU  - D'Ago, G.
AU  - Dominik, M.
AU  - Evans, D. F.
AU  - Gu, S.-H.
AU  - Herrera-Cordova, A.
AU  - Hinse, T. C.
AU  - Jørgensen, U. G.
AU  - Juncher, D.
AU  - Kuffmeier, M.
AU  - Mancini, L.
AU  - Peixinho, N.
AU  - Popovas, A.
AU  - Rabus, M.
AU  - Skottfelt, J.
T1  - High-precision photometry by telescope defocussing - VIII.WASP-22, WASP-41,WASP-42 and WASP-55.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/04/21/
VL  - 457
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4205
EP  - 4217
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present 13 high-precision and four additional light curves of four bright southernhemisphere transiting planetary systems: WASP-22, WASP-41, WASP-42 and WASP-55. In the cases of WASP-42 and WASP-55, these are the first follow-up observations since their discovery papers. We present refined measurements of the physical properties and orbital ephemerides of all four systems. No indications of transit timing variations were seen. All four planets have radii inflated above those expected from theoretical models of gas-giant planets; WASP-55 b is the most discrepant with a mass of 0.63MJup and a radius of 1.34 RJup. WASP-41 shows brightness anomalies during transit due to the planet occulting spots on the stellar surface. Two anomalies observed 3.1 d apart are very likely due to the same spot. We measure its change in position and determine a rotation period for the host star of 18.6 ± 1.5 d, in good agreement with a published measurement from spot-induced brightness modulation, and a sky-projected orbital obliquity of λ = 6 ± 11°. We conclude with a compilation of obliquity measurements from spot-tracking analyses and a discussion of this technique in the study of the orbital configurations of hot Jupiters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - 22, WASP
KW  - 41, WASP
KW  - 42, WASP-55
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: fundamental parameters
KW  - stars: individual: WASP
N1  - Accession Number: 113876081; Southworth, John 1; Email Address: astro.js@keele.ac.uk Tregloan-Reed, J. 2 Andersen, M. I. 3 Novati, S. Calchi 4,5,6 Ciceri, S. 7 Colque, J. P. 8 D'Ago, G. 6 Dominik, M. 9 Evans, D. F. 1 Gu, S.-H. 10,11 Herrera-Cordova, A. 8 Hinse, T. C. 12 Jørgensen, U. G. 13 Juncher, D. 13 Kuffmeier, M. 13 Mancini, L. 7,14 Peixinho, N. 8 Popovas, A. 13 Rabus, M. 7,15 Skottfelt, J. 13,16; Affiliation:  1: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark  4: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, MS 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello', Universit`a di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy  6: Istituto Internazionale per gli Alti Studi Scientifici (IIASS), I-84019 Vietri Sul Mare (SA), Italy  7: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K?onigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  8: Unidad de Astronom'ıa, Facultad de Ciencias B'asicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Avenida U. de Antofagasta 02800, Antofagasta, Chile  9: SUPA, University of St Andrews, School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK  10: Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China  11: Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650011, China  12: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, Daejeon 305-348, Republic of Korea  13: Niels Bohr Institute and Centre for Star and Planet Formation, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark  14: INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, via Osservatorio 20, I-10025 Pino Torinese, Italy  15: Instituto de Astrofísica, Facultad de Física, Pontificia Universidad Catêlica de Chile, Av. Vicu?na Mackenna 4860, 7820436 Macul, Santiago, Chile  16: Centre of Electronic Imaging, Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK; Source Info: 4/21/2016, Vol. 457 Issue 4, p4205; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: 22, WASP; Author-Supplied Keyword: 41, WASP; Author-Supplied Keyword: 42, WASP-55; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: WASP; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw279
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gange, Graeme
AU  - Navas, Jorge A.
AU  - Schachte, Peter
AU  - Søndergaard, Harald
AU  - Stuckey, Peter J.
T1  - A complete refinement procedure for regular separability of context-free languages.
JO  - Theoretical Computer Science
JF  - Theoretical Computer Science
Y1  - 2016/04/25/
VL  - 625
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 24
SN  - 03043975
AB  - Often, when analyzing the behaviour of systems modelled as context-free languages, we wish to know if two languages overlap. To this end, we present a class of semi-decision procedures for regular separability of context-free languages, based on counter-example guided abstraction refinement. We propose two effective instances of this approach, one that is complete but relatively expensive, and one that is inexpensive and sound, but for which we do not have a completeness proof. The complete method will prove disjointness whenever the input languages are regularly separable. Both methods will terminate whenever the input languages overlap. We provide an experimental evaluation of these procedures, and demonstrate their practicality on a range of verification and language-theoretic instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Theoretical Computer Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPLETENESS theorem
KW  - LANGUAGE & languages
KW  - SET theory
KW  - MATHEMATICAL proofs
KW  - APPROXIMATION theory
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Abstraction refinement
KW  - Context-free languages
KW  - Regular approximation
KW  - Separability
N1  - Accession Number: 113793368; Gange, Graeme 1; Email Address: gkgange@unimelb.edu.au Navas, Jorge A. 2; Email Address: jorge.a.navaslaserna@nasa.gov Schachte, Peter 1; Email Address: schachte@unimelb.edu.au Søndergaard, Harald 1; Email Address: harald@unimelb.edu.au Stuckey, Peter J. 1; Email Address: pstuckey@unimelb.edu.au; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 625, p1; Subject Term: COMPLETENESS theorem; Subject Term: LANGUAGE & languages; Subject Term: SET theory; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL proofs; Subject Term: APPROXIMATION theory; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Abstraction refinement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Context-free languages; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regular approximation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Separability; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.tcs.2016.01.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113793368&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Knox, James C.
AU  - Ebner, Armin D.
AU  - Douglas LeVan, M.
AU  - Coker, Robert F.
AU  - Ritter, James A.
T1  - Limitations of Breakthrough Curve Analysis in Fixed-Bed Adsorption.
JO  - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
JF  - Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Y1  - 2016/04/27/
VL  - 55
IS  - 16
M3  - Article
SP  - 4734
EP  - 4748
SN  - 08885885
AB  - This work examined in detail the a priori prediction of the axial dispersion coefficient from available correlations versus obtaining both it and mass transfer information from experimental breakthrough data and the consequences that may arise when doing so based on using a 1-D axially dispersed plug flow model and its associated Danckwerts outlet boundary condition. These consequences mainly included determining the potential for erroneous extraction of the axial dispersion coefficient and/or the LDF mass transfer coefficient from experimental data, especially when nonplug flow conditions prevailed in the bed. Two adsorbent/adsorbate cases were considered, i.e., CO2 and H2O vapor in zeolite 5A, because they both experimentally exhibited significant nonplug flow behavior, and the H2O-zeolite 5A system exhibited unusual concentration front sharpening that destroyed the expected constant pattern behavior (CPB) when modeled with the 1-D axially dispersed plug flow model. Overall, this work showed that it was possible to extract accurate mass transfer and dispersion information from experimental breakthrough curves using a 1-D axial dispersed plug flow model when they were measured both inside and outside the bed. To ensure the extracted information was accurate, the inside the bed breakthrough curves and their derivatives from the model were plotted to confirm whether or not the adsorbate/adsorbent system was exhibiting CPB or any concentration front sharpening near the bed exit. Even when concentration front sharpening was occurring with the H2O-zeolite 5A system, it was still possible to use the experimental inside and outside the bed breakthrough curves to extract fundamental mass transfer and dispersion information from the 1-D axial dispersed plug flow model based on the systematic methodology developed in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADSORPTION
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - TUBULAR reactors
KW  - ZEOLITES
KW  - DISPERSION (Atmospheric chemistry)
N1  - Accession Number: 115158239; Knox, James C. 1; Email Address: jim.knox@nasa.gov Ebner, Armin D. 2 Douglas LeVan, M. 3 Coker, Robert F. 1 Ritter, James A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama 35812, United States  2: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States  3: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States; Source Info: Apr2016, Vol. 55 Issue 16, p4734; Subject Term: ADSORPTION; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: TUBULAR reactors; Subject Term: ZEOLITES; Subject Term: DISPERSION (Atmospheric chemistry); Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b00516
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115158239&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nurge, Mark A.
AU  - Youngquist, Robert C.
AU  - Starr, Stanley O.
T1  - A satellite formation flying approach providing both positioning and tracking.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 9
SN  - 00945765
AB  - A magnetic field approach is presented whereby a large number of closely located satellites can be positioned and oriented relative to each other, but can also be tracked in six degrees of freedom. This is accomplished by using frequency-multiplexed magnetic fields where coils are placed on each satellite to allow them to generate magnetic fields, to interact with the magnetic fields from other satellites, and to sample the surrounding magnetic fields. By doing this, a satellite can choose which alternating field to push or pull against, to provide torque about, or to sample in order to determine its location and orientation relative to the other satellites. Theory is provided demonstrating the capability of this approach along with its advantages and limitations. An experimental system allowing 3 degrees-of-freedom was constructed and used to demonstrate a feedback and control system where a satellite is told to move to a location and it does this by interacting with the surrounding satellites to both generate forces and torques and to track its position and orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - FEEDBACK (Psychology)
KW  - FREQUENCY multipliers
KW  - Satellite positioning
KW  - Satellite propulsion
KW  - Satellite swarms
KW  - Satellite tracking
KW  - Spacecraft formation flying
N1  - Accession Number: 113898627; Nurge, Mark A. 1; Email Address: Mark.A.Nurge@nasa.gov Youngquist, Robert C. 1; Email Address: Robert.C.Youngquist@nasa.gov Starr, Stanley O. 1; Email Address: Stanley.O.Starr@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mail-Stop UBR3, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899, United States; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 122, p1; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Subject Term: FEEDBACK (Psychology); Subject Term: FREQUENCY multipliers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite positioning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite propulsion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite swarms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite tracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spacecraft formation flying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.01.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113898627&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kaur, Jasmeet
AU  - Rickman, Douglas
AU  - Schoonen, Martin A.
T1  - Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation by lunar simulants.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 196
EP  - 208
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The current interest in human exploration of the Moon and past experiences of Apollo astronauts has rekindled interest into the possible harmful effects of lunar dust on human health. In comparison to the Apollo-era explorations, human explorers may be weeks on the Moon, which will raise the risk of inhalation exposure. The mineralogical composition of lunar dust is well documented, but its effects on human health are not fully understood. With the aim of understanding the reactivity of dusts that may be encountered on geologically different lunar terrains, we have studied Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) generation by a suite of lunar simulants of different mineralogical–chemical composition dispersed in water and Simulated Lung Fluid (SLF). To further explore the reactivity of simulants under lunar environmental conditions, we compared the reactivity of simulants both in air and inert atmosphere. As the impact of micrometeorites with consequent shock-induced stresses is a major environmental factor on the Moon, we also studied the effect of mechanical stress on samples. Mechanical stress was induced by hand crushing the samples both in air and inert atmosphere. The reactivity of samples after crushing was analyzed for a period of up to nine days. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in water and SLF was analyzed by an in situ electrochemical probe and hydroxyl radical ( • OH) by Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectroscopy and Adenine probe. Out of all simulants, CSM-CL-S was found to be the most reactive simulant followed by OB-1 and then JSC-1A simulant. The overall reactivity of samples in the inert atmosphere was higher than in air. Fresh crushed samples showed a higher level of reactivity than uncrushed samples. Simulant samples treated to create agglutination, including the formation of zero-valent iron, showed less reactivity than untreated simulants. ROS generation in SLF is initially slower than in deionized water (DI), but the ROS formation is sustained for as long as 7.5 h. By contrast ROS is formed rapidly within 30 min when simulants are dispersed in DI, but then the concentration either stabilizes or decreases over time. The results indicate that mechanical stress and the absence of molecular oxygen and water, which are important environmental characteristics of the lunar environment, can lead to enhanced production of ROS in general. However, compositional difference among simulants is the most important factor in governing the production of ROS. Simulants with glass content in excess of 40 wt% appear to produce as much as of order of magnitude more ROS than simulants with lower glass content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACTIVE oxygen
KW  - LUNAR regolith simulants
KW  - ASTRONAUTS
KW  - BIOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ADENINE
KW  - Hydroxyl Radical;
KW  - Inhalation exposure;Dust;Mineral reactivity
KW  - Lunar Simulants;
KW  - Reactive Oxygen Species;
N1  - Accession Number: 113898606; Kaur, Jasmeet 1,2 Rickman, Douglas 3 Schoonen, Martin A. 1,2; Email Address: martin.schoonen@stonybrook.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Geosciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook 11794-2100, USA  2: RIS 4 E, Stony Brook University, NY 11794-2100, USA  3: Earth Science Office, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Marshall Space Flight Center, AL 35812, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 122, p196; Subject Term: ACTIVE oxygen; Subject Term: LUNAR regolith simulants; Subject Term: ASTRONAUTS; Subject Term: BIOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ADENINE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydroxyl Radical;; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inhalation exposure;Dust;Mineral reactivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar Simulants;; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reactive Oxygen Species;; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.02.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113898606&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eisfeld, Bernhard
AU  - Rumsey, Chris
AU  - Togiti, Vamshi
T1  - Verification and Validation of a Second-Moment-Closure Model.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 54
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1524
EP  - 1541
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The implementation of the combined Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski/Launder-Reece-Rodi differential Reynolds-stress model into different flow solvers is verified by studying the grid convergence of test cases from the Turbulence Modeling Resource Web site. The model's predictive capabilities are also assessed based on four basic and three extended validation cases, involving attached and separated boundary-layer flows, effects of streamline curvature, and secondary flow. Simulation results are compared against experimental data and predictions by the eddy-viscosity models of Spalart-Allmaras and Menter's shear-stress transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - WEBSITES
N1  - Accession Number: 115227633; Eisfeld, Bernhard 1 Rumsey, Chris 2 Togiti, Vamshi 1; Affiliation:  1: DLR, German Aerospace Center, D-38108 Braunschweig, Germany  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 54 Issue 5, p1524; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: WEBSITES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 519130 Internet Publishing and Broadcasting and Web Search Portals; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054718
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115227633&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Charles Beichman
AU  - John Livingston
AU  - Michael Werner
AU  - Varoujan Gorjian
AU  - Jessica Krick
AU  - Katherine Deck
AU  - Heather Knutson
AU  - Ian Wong
AU  - Erik Petigura
AU  - Jessie Christiansen
AU  - David Ciardi
AU  - Thomas P. Greene
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Mike Line
AU  - Ian Crossfield
AU  - Andrew Howard
AU  - Evan Sinukoff
T1  - SPITZER OBSERVATIONS OF EXOPLANETS DISCOVERED WITH THE KEPLER K2 MISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/05//5/1/2016
VL  - 822
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have used the Spitzer Space Telescope to observe two transiting planetary systems orbiting low-mass stars discovered in the Kepler K2 mission. The system K2-3 (EPIC 201367065) hosts three planets, while K2-26 (EPIC 202083828) hosts a single planet. Observations of all four objects in these two systems confirm and refine the orbital and physical parameters of the planets. The refined orbital information and more precise planet radii possible with Spitzer will be critical for future observations of these and other K2 targets. For K2-3b we find marginally significant evidence for a transit timing variation between the K2 and Spitzer epochs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - METAPHYSICS
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
KW  - PLANETARY systems
N1  - Accession Number: 115224114; Charles Beichman 1,2 John Livingston 2,3 Michael Werner 2,3 Varoujan Gorjian 2,3 Jessica Krick 2,4 Katherine Deck 2,5 Heather Knutson 2,5 Ian Wong 2,5 Erik Petigura 2,5 Jessie Christiansen 2,6 David Ciardi 2,6 Thomas P. Greene 2,7 Joshua E. Schlieder 2,7 Mike Line 2,8 Ian Crossfield 2,9 Andrew Howard 2,10 Evan Sinukoff 2,10; Affiliation:  1: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: NASA Sagan Fellow.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  5: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  8: University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  9: University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  10: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Source Info: 5/1/2016, Vol. 822 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: METAPHYSICS; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/822/1/39
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115224114&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S. T. Douglas
AU  - M. A. Agüeros
AU  - K. R. Covey
AU  - P. A. Cargile
AU  - T. Barclay
AU  - A. Cody
AU  - S. B. Howell
AU  - T. Kopytova
T1  - K2 ROTATION PERIODS FOR LOW-MASS HYADS AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR GYROCHRONOLOGY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/05//5/1/2016
VL  - 822
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - As the closest open cluster to the Sun, the Hyades is an important benchmark for many stellar properties, but its members are also scattered widely over the sky. Previous studies of stellar rotation in the Hyades relied on targeted observations of single stars or data from shallower all-sky variability surveys. The re-purposed Kepler mission, K2, is the first opportunity to measure rotation periods (Prot) for many Hyads simultaneously while also being sensitive to fully convective M dwarf members. We analyze K2 data for 65 Hyads and present Prot values for 48. Thirty-seven of these are new measurements, including the first Prot measurements for fully convective Hyads. For 9 of the 11 stars with Prot in the literature and this work, the measurements are consistent; we attribute the two discrepant cases to spot evolution. Nearly all stars with masses ≲0.3 M⊙ are rapidly rotating, indicating a change in rotation properties at the boundary to full convection. When confirmed and candidate binaries are removed from the mass–period plane, only three rapid rotators with masses ≳0.3 M⊙ remain. This is in contrast to previous results showing that the single-valued mass–period sequence for ≈600 Myr old stars ends at ≈0.65 M⊙ when binaries are included. We also find that models of rotational evolution predict faster rotation than is actually observed at ≈600 Myr for stars ≲0.9 M⊙. The dearth of single rapid rotators more massive than ≈0.3 M⊙ indicates that magnetic braking is more efficient than previously thought, and that age–rotation studies must account for multiplicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTATIONAL motion
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - SOLAR eclipses
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 115224119; S. T. Douglas 1 M. A. Agüeros 1 K. R. Covey 2 P. A. Cargile 3 T. Barclay 4 A. Cody 4,5 S. B. Howell 4 T. Kopytova 6,7; Affiliation:  1: Columbia University, Department of Astronomy, 550 West 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA  2: Western Washington University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA  3: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  6: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  7: International Max-Planck Research School for Astronomy and Cosmic Physics at the University of Heidelberg, IMPRS-HD, Germany; Source Info: 5/1/2016, Vol. 822 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ROTATIONAL motion; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: SOLAR eclipses; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/822/1/47
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115224119&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loeb, Norman
AU  - Wang, Hailan
AU  - Cheng, Anning
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Fasullo, John
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Allan, Richard
T1  - Observational constraints on atmospheric and oceanic cross-equatorial heat transports: revisiting the precipitation asymmetry problem in climate models.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 46
IS  - 9/10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3239
EP  - 3257
SN  - 09307575
AB  - Satellite based top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and surface radiation budget observations are combined with mass corrected vertically integrated atmospheric energy divergence and tendency from reanalysis to infer the regional distribution of the TOA, atmospheric and surface energy budget terms over the globe. Hemispheric contrasts in the energy budget terms are used to determine the radiative and combined sensible and latent heat contributions to the cross-equatorial heat transports in the atmosphere (AHT) and ocean (OHT). The contrast in net atmospheric radiation implies an AHT from the northern hemisphere (NH) to the southern hemisphere (SH) (0.75 PW), while the hemispheric difference in sensible and latent heat implies an AHT in the opposite direction (0.51 PW), resulting in a net NH to SH AHT (0.24 PW). At the surface, the hemispheric contrast in the radiative component (0.95 PW) dominates, implying a 0.44 PW SH to NH OHT. Coupled model intercomparison project phase 5 (CMIP5) models with excessive net downward surface radiation and surface-to-atmosphere sensible and latent heat transport in the SH relative to the NH exhibit anomalous northward AHT and overestimate SH tropical precipitation. The hemispheric bias in net surface radiative flux is due to too much longwave surface radiative cooling in the NH tropics in both clear and all-sky conditions and excessive shortwave surface radiation in the SH subtropics and extratropics due to an underestimation in reflection by clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - EQUATORIAL currents
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - Energy budget
KW  - Heat transport
KW  - Latent heat
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Sensible heat
N1  - Accession Number: 114853984; Loeb, Norman 1; Email Address: norman.g.loeb@nasa.gov Wang, Hailan 2 Cheng, Anning 2 Kato, Seiji 1 Fasullo, John 3 Xu, Kuan-Man 1 Allan, Richard 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton USA  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder USA  4: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading UK; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 46 Issue 9/10, p3239; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC thermodynamics; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: EQUATORIAL currents; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: Latent heat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensible heat; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-015-2766-z
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114853984&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Giassi, Davide
AU  - Cao, Su
AU  - Bennett, Beth Anne V.
AU  - Stocker, Dennis P.
AU  - Takahashi, Fumiaki
AU  - Smooke, Mitchell D.
AU  - Long, Marshall B.
T1  - Analysis of CH* concentration and flame heat release rate in laminar coflow diffusion flames under microgravity and normal gravity.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 167
M3  - Article
SP  - 198
EP  - 206
SN  - 00102180
AB  - The chemiluminescence from electronically excited CH (denoted as CH * ) is investigated in nitrogen-diluted laminar coflow methane diffusion flames under microgravity and normal gravity conditions. In combustion studies, this radical species is of significant interest since its spatial distribution is indicative of the flame front position; moreover, given the relatively simple diagnostic involved with its measurement, several studies have been done to evaluate the ability of CH * chemiluminescence to predict the total and local flame heat release rate. In this work, a subset of the publicly available NASA Structure and Liftoff in Combustion Experiments (SLICE) microgravity and normal gravity nitrogen-diluted methane flames has been considered, and a method to extract quantitative CH * concentration information from the SLICE raw data is demonstrated. The measured CH * concentration is then discussed and compared with numerical simulations to assess the correlation between CH * chemiluminescence and heat release rate. The spectral characterization of the digital single lens reflex (DSLR) color camera used to acquire the flame images allowed the signal collected by the blue channel to be considered representative of the CH * emission of the A 2 Δ → X 2 ∏ transition centered around 431 nm; the analysis of the spectral emission of a reference nitrogen-diluted laminar diffusion methane flame accounted for the contribution of chemiluminescence from emitting species other than CH * . Due to the axisymmetric flame structure, an Abel deconvolution of the line-of-sight chemiluminescence was used to obtain the two-dimensional intensity profile and, thanks to an absolute light intensity calibration, a quantification of the CH * concentration was possible. Comparisons with numerical results display reasonably good agreement between measured and computed flame shapes, and it is shown that the difference in peak CH * concentration, between micro- and normal gravity cases, is minimal. Independent of the gravity level, the integrated CH * concentration in a cross section scales proportionally to the integrated computed heat release rate. The two-dimensional CH * and heat release rate spatial profiles match in a satisfactory way, but the gradients and intensity distributions are not comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONCENTRATION gradient
KW  - DIFFUSION gradients
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - CHEMILUMINESCENCE
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - CH *
KW  - Chemiluminescence
KW  - Coflow flame
KW  - Heat release rate
KW  - Microgravity
N1  - Accession Number: 114524390; Giassi, Davide 1; Email Address: davide.giassi@yale.edu Cao, Su 1 Bennett, Beth Anne V. 1 Stocker, Dennis P. 2 Takahashi, Fumiaki 3 Smooke, Mitchell D. 1 Long, Marshall B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 167, p198; Subject Term: CONCENTRATION gradient; Subject Term: DIFFUSION gradients; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: CHEMILUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH *; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemiluminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coflow flame; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat release rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.02.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114524390&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - CASNER, STEPHEN M.
AU  - HUTCHINS, EDWIN L.
AU  - NORMAN, DON
T1  - The Challenges of Partially Automated Driving.
JO  - Communications of the ACM
JF  - Communications of the ACM
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 59
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 70
EP  - 77
SN  - 00010782
AB  - The article discusses challenges of partially automated driving. It presents evidence of global positioning navigation systems and driver warning systems to help decide whether drivers are ready to autopilot. Also tackled are human factor complications to consider associated with increasing automation including Level 0 or manual car, Level 1 or function-specific automation, Level 2 or combined function automation, Level 3 or limited self-driving automation and Level 4 or full automation.
KW  - AUTOMOBILES -- Automatic systems
KW  - AUTOMOTIVE navigation systems
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - HUMAN-machine systems
KW  - AUTOMATION
N1  - Accession Number: 115178364; CASNER, STEPHEN M. 1; Email Address: stephen.casner@nasa.gov HUTCHINS, EDWIN L. 2; Email Address: ehutchins@ucsd.edu NORMAN, DON 3; Email Address: dnorman@ucsd.edu; Affiliation:  1: Research psychologist in the Human Systems Integration Division at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Emeritus professor of cognitive science at the University of California, San Diego  3: Fellow of the ACM and director of the Design Lab at the University of California, San Diego; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 59 Issue 5, p70; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILES -- Automatic systems; Subject Term: AUTOMOTIVE navigation systems; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: HUMAN-machine systems; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1145/2830565
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115178364&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hultquist, G.
AU  - Graham, M.J.
AU  - Smialek, J.L.
AU  - Kodra, O.
T1  - Response to comment by A. Hedin et al. on “Corrosion of copper in distilled water without oxygen and the detection of produced hydrogen”.
JO  - Corrosion Science
JF  - Corrosion Science
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 106
M3  - Article
SP  - 306
EP  - 307
SN  - 0010938X
KW  - CORROSION & anti-corrosives
KW  - COPPER compounds
KW  - DISTILLED water
KW  - HYDROGEN production
KW  - OXYGEN -- Analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 113868838; Hultquist, G. 1,2,3,4 Graham, M.J. 1,2,3,4; Email Address: mike.graham12@rogers.com Smialek, J.L. 1,2,3,4 Kodra, O. 1,2,3,4; Affiliation:  1: Surface and Corrosion Science, Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden  2: Aerospace, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada  3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44 135, USA  4: Energy, Mining and Environment, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa K1A 0R6, Canada; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 106, p306; Subject Term: CORROSION & anti-corrosives; Subject Term: COPPER compounds; Subject Term: DISTILLED water; Subject Term: HYDROGEN production; Subject Term: OXYGEN -- Analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325998 All Other Miscellaneous Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325999 All other miscellaneous chemical product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.corsci.2015.12.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Urschel, Matthew R.
AU  - Hamilton, Trinity L.
AU  - Roden, Eric E.
AU  - Boyd, Eric S.
T1  - Substrate preference, uptake kinetics and bioenergetics in a facultatively autotrophic, thermoacidophilic crenarchaeote.
JO  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
JF  - FEMS Microbiology Ecology
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 92
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 01686496
AB  - Facultative autotrophs are abundant components of communities inhabiting geothermal springs. However, the influence of uptake kinetics and energetics on preference for substrates is not well understood in this group of organisms. Here, we report the isolation of a facultatively autotrophic crenarchaeote, strain CP80, from Cinder Pool (CP, 88.7°C, pH 4.0), Yellowstone National Park. The 16S rRNA gene sequence from CP80 is 98.8% identical to that from Thermoproteus uzonensis and is identical to the most abundant sequence identified in CP sediments. Strain CP80 reduces elemental sulfur (S8°) and demonstrates hydrogen (H2)-dependent autotrophic growth. H2-dependent autotrophic activity is suppressed by amendment with formate at a concentration in the range of 20-40μM, similar to the affinity constant determined for formate utilization. Synthesis of a cell during growth with low concentrations of formate required 0.5μJ compared to 2.5μJ during autotrophic growth with H2. These results, coupled to data indicating greater C assimilation efficiency when grown with formate as compared to carbon dioxide, are consistent with preferential use of formate for energetic reasons. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the kinetic and energetic factors that influence the physiology and ecology of facultative autotrophs in high-temperature acidic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FEMS Microbiology Ecology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ANALYTICAL mechanics
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - PLANT physiology
KW  - AUTOTROPHIC bacteria
KW  - GEOTHERMAL ecology
KW  - autotroph
KW  - energetics
KW  - facultative
KW  - formate
KW  - heterotroph
KW  - hydrogen
KW  - metabolic switching
KW  - Yellowstone
N1  - Accession Number: 114677395; Urschel, Matthew R. 1 Hamilton, Trinity L. 2 Roden, Eric E. 3,4 Boyd, Eric S. 1,4; Email Address: eboyd@montana.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Thermal Biology Institute, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA  2: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA  3: Department of Geosciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA  4: NASA Astrobiology Institute, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 92 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL mechanics; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: PLANT physiology; Subject Term: AUTOTROPHIC bacteria; Subject Term: GEOTHERMAL ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: autotroph; Author-Supplied Keyword: energetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: facultative; Author-Supplied Keyword: formate; Author-Supplied Keyword: heterotroph; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: metabolic switching; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yellowstone; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/femsec/fiw069
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114677395&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Landsman, Zoe A.
AU  - Licandro, Javier
AU  - Campins, Humberto
AU  - Ziffer, Julie
AU  - Prá, Mario de
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
T1  - The Veritas and Themis asteroid families: 5–14 µm spectra with the Spitzer Space Telescope.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 269
M3  - Article
SP  - 62
EP  - 74
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Spectroscopic investigations of primitive asteroid families constrain family evolution and composition and conditions in the solar nebula, and reveal information about past and present distributions of volatiles in the solar system. Visible and near-infrared studies of primitive asteroid families have shown spectral diversity between and within families. Here, we aim to better understand the composition and physical properties of two primitive families with vastly different ages: ancient Themis (∼2.5 Gyr) and young Veritas (∼8 Myr). We analyzed the 5 – 14 µ m Spitzer Space Telescope spectra of 11 Themis-family asteroids, including eight previously studied by Licandro et al. (2012), and nine Veritas-family asteroids, for a total of 20 asteroids in our sample. We detect a broad 10- µ m emission feature, attributed to fine-grained and/or porous silicate regolith, in all 11 Themis-family spectra and six of nine Veritas-family asteroids, with 10- µ m spectral contrast ranging from 1% ± 0.1% to 8.5% ± 0.9%. We used thermal modeling to derive diameters, beaming parameters and albedos for our sample. Asteroids in both families have beaming parameters near unity and geometric albedos in the range 0.03 – 0.14. Spectral contrast of the 10- µ m silicate emission feature is correlated with beaming parameter and rotation period in the Themis family, and may be related to near-infrared spectral slope for both families. We see no correlations of 10- µ m emission with diameter or albedo for either family. Comparison with laboratory spectra of primitive meteorites suggests these asteroids are similar to meteorites with relatively low abundances of phyllosilicates. Overall, our results suggest the Themis and Veritas families are primitive asteroids with variation in composition and/or regolith properties within both families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - NEBULAR hypothesis
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - composition
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - surfaces
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113508332; Landsman, Zoe A. 1; Email Address: zlandsman@knights.ucf.edu Licandro, Javier 2,3 Campins, Humberto 1 Ziffer, Julie 4 Prá, Mario de 5 Cruikshank, Dale P. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4111 Libra Drive, PS 430, Orlando, FL 32826, United States  2: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  3: Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  4: Department of Physics, University of Southern Maine, 96 Falmouth St, Portland, ME 04103, United States  5: Observatório Nacional, R. General José Cristino, 77 - Imperial de São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 269, p62; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: NEBULAR hypothesis; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113508332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Opila, Elizabeth J.
AU  - Robinson, R. Craig
AU  - Verrilli, Michael J.
T1  - Borosilicate Glass-Induced Fiber Degradation of SiC/BN/SiC Composites Exposed in Combustion Environments.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2016/05//May/Jun2016
VL  - 13
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 442
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - Three SiC/ BN/SiC composite specimens reinforced with different SiC fibers (Sylramic, Sylramic- iBN, and Hi-Nicalon Type S) were exposed in a combustion environment. Exposures were carried out for 151 h in a fuel-lean high pressure burner rig at 0.9 MPa total pressure, sample temperatures near 1573 K, and a gas velocity of 15 m/s. Weight loss of all three composites was observed. Extensive oxidation of SiC fibers was observed in cracked locations. A mechanism based on borosilicate enhanced oxidation coupled with volatilization of boria is described. Ramifications of this degradation mechanism are discussed for long-term applications of SiC/ BN/SiC composites in combustion environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOROSILICATES
KW  - GLASS fibers
KW  - SILICON carbide -- Oxidation
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
N1  - Accession Number: 114604097; Opila, Elizabeth J. 1 Robinson, R. Craig 2 Verrilli, Michael J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center  2: Jacobs Group, NASA Glenn Research Center; Source Info: May/Jun2016, Vol. 13 Issue 3, p434; Subject Term: BOROSILICATES; Subject Term: GLASS fibers; Subject Term: SILICON carbide -- Oxidation; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238310 Drywall and Insulation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 313210 Broadwoven Fabric Mills; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326193 Motor vehicle plastic parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327212 Other Pressed and Blown Glass and Glassware Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327214 Glass manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327993 Mineral Wool Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/ijac.12499
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114604097&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brown, L.R.
AU  - Nikitin, A.V.
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Rey, M.
AU  - Tashkun, S.A.
AU  - Tyuterev, Vl.G.
AU  - Crawford, T.J.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Measurements and modeling of cold 13CH4 spectra in the 3750–4700 cm−1 region.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 174
M3  - Article
SP  - 88
EP  - 100
SN  - 00224073
AB  - A new study of 13 CH 4 line intensities and positions was performed in the Octad region between 3750 and 4700 cm −1 . Using 13 C-enriched samples, spectra were recorded with both the McMath–Pierce FTS at Kitt Peak Observatory in Arizona and the Bruker IFS-125HR at JPL. Sample temperatures ranged between 80 and 296 K. Line positions and intensities of ~15,000 features were retrieved at different temperatures by non-linear least squares curve-fitting procedures. Intensities were used to estimate the lower state energies for 60% of the features in order to determine quantum assignments up to J =10. A preliminary analysis was performed using the effective Hamiltonian and the effective dipole transition moment expressed in terms of irreducible tensor operators adapted to spherical top molecules. Selected assignments were made up to J =10 for all 24 sub-vibrational states of the Octad; these were modeled for 4752 experimental line positions and 3301 selected line intensities fitted with RMS standard deviations of 0.004 cm −1 and 6.9%, respectively. Integrated intensities of the eight Octad bands are compared to ab initio variational calculations. A prediction of the 13 CH 4 is given, but further analysis to improve the calculation will be reported in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLD (Temperature)
KW  - METHANE -- Analysis
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - HAMILTONIAN systems
KW  - OPERATOR theory
KW  - Cold spectra
KW  - FTIR
KW  - Near infrared methane
KW  - Octad
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 113256780; Brown, L.R. 1 Nikitin, A.V. 2,3 Sung, K. 1; Email Address: keeyoon.sung@jpl.nasa.gov Rey, M. 4 Tashkun, S.A. 2,3 Tyuterev, Vl.G. 4 Crawford, T.J. 1 Smith, M.A.H. 5 Mantz, A.W. 6; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, SB RAS, 1, Academician Zuev Square, 634021 Tomsk, Russia  3: Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, 634050 Tomsk, Russia  4: Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, UMR CNRS 7331, Université de Reims, U.F.R. Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France  5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 174, p88; Subject Term: COLD (Temperature); Subject Term: METHANE -- Analysis; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Subject Term: HAMILTONIAN systems; Subject Term: OPERATOR theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cold spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: FTIR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near infrared methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Octad; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.01.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=113256780&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moghaddam, Masoud Ghorbani
AU  - Achuthan, Ajit
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
AU  - Pineda, Evan J.
T1  - A Multiscale Computational Model Combining a Single Crystal Plasticity Constitutive Model with the Generalized Method of Cells (GMC) for Metallic Polycrystals.
JO  - Materials (1996-1944)
JF  - Materials (1996-1944)
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 9
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
SN  - 19961944
AB  - A multiscale computational model is developed for determining the elasto-plastic behavior of polycrystal metals by employing a single crystal plasticity constitutive model that can capture the microstructural scale stress field on a finite element analysis (FEA) framework. The generalized method of cells (GMC) micromechanics model is used for homogenizing the local field quantities. At first, the stand-alone GMC is applied for studying simple material microstructures such as a repeating unit cell (RUC) containing single grain or two grains under uniaxial loading conditions. For verification, the results obtained by the stand-alone GMC are compared to those from an analogous FEA model incorporating the same single crystal plasticity constitutive model. This verification is then extended to samples containing tens to hundreds of grains. The results demonstrate that the GMC homogenization combined with the crystal plasticity constitutive framework is a promising approach for failure analysis of structures as it allows for properly predicting the von Mises stress in the entire RUC, in an average sense, as well as in the local microstructural level, i.e., each individual grain. Two-three orders of saving in computational cost, at the expense of some accuracy in prediction, especially in the prediction of the components of local tensor field quantities and the quantities near the grain boundaries, was obtained with GMC. Finally, the capability of the developed multiscale model linking FEA and GMC to solve real-life-sized structures is demonstrated by successfully analyzing an engine disc component and determining the microstructural scale details of the field quantities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials (1996-1944) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SINGLE crystals
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CRYSTALS
KW  - CELLS
KW  - BIOLOGY
KW  - POLYCRYSTALS
KW  - crystal plasticity constitutive model
KW  - Generalized Method of Cells homogenization
KW  - metallic polycrystals
KW  - multiscale computational model
N1  - Accession Number: 115241041; Moghaddam, Masoud Ghorbani 1; Email Address: ghorbam@clarkson.edu Achuthan, Ajit 1; Email Address: aachutha@clarkson.edu Bednarcyk, Brett A. 2; Email Address: brett.a.bednarcyk@nasa.gov Arnold, Steven M. 2; Email Address: steven.m.arnold@nasa.gov Pineda, Evan J. 2; Email Address: evan.j.pineda@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 9 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: SINGLE crystals; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CRYSTALS; Subject Term: CELLS; Subject Term: BIOLOGY; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALS; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal plasticity constitutive model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Generalized Method of Cells homogenization; Author-Supplied Keyword: metallic polycrystals; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiscale computational model; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/ma9050335
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115241041&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hallakoun, N.
AU  - Maoz, D.
AU  - Kilic, M.
AU  - Mazeh, T.
AU  - Gianninas, A.
AU  - Agol, E.
AU  - Bell, K. J.
AU  - Bloemen, S.
AU  - Brown, W. R.
AU  - Debes, J.
AU  - Faigler, S.
AU  - Kull, I.
AU  - Kupfer, T.
AU  - Loeb, A.
AU  - Morris, B. M.
AU  - Mullally, F.
T1  - SDSS J1152+0248: an eclipsing double white dwarf from the Kepler K2 campaign.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/05//5/1/2016
VL  - 458
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 845
EP  - 854
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We report the discovery of the sixth known eclipsing double white dwarf (WD) system, SDSS J1152+0248, with a 2.3968 ± 0.0003 h orbital period, in data from the Kepler Mission's K2 continuation. Analysing and modelling the K2 data together with ground-based fast photometry, spectroscopy, and radial-velocity measurements, we determine that the primary is a DA-type WD with mass M1 = 0.47 ± 0.11M⊙, radius R1 = 0.0197 ± 0.0035 R⊙, and cooling age t1 = 52 ± 36 Myr. No lines are detected, to within our sensitivity, from the secondary WD, but it is likely also of type DA. Its central surface brightness, as measured from the secondary eclipse, is 0.31 of the primary's surface brightness. Its mass, radius, and cooling age, respectively, are M2 = 0.44 ± 0.09 M⊙, R2 = 0.0223+0.0064-0.0050 R⊙, and t2 = 230 ± 100 Myr. SDSS J1152+0248 is a near twin of the double-lined eclipsing WD system CSS 41177. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - WHITE dwarf stars
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - stars: individual: SDSS J115219.99+024814.4
KW  - techniques: radial velocities
KW  - white dwarfs
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 114123114; Hallakoun, N. 1,2; Email Address: naama@wise.tau.ac.il Maoz, D. 1; Email Address: maoz@astro.tau.ac.il Kilic, M. 3 Mazeh, T. 1 Gianninas, A. 3 Agol, E. 4 Bell, K. J. 5 Bloemen, S. 6 Brown, W. R. 7 Debes, J. 8 Faigler, S. 1 Kull, I. 1 Kupfer, T. 6 Loeb, A. 9 Morris, B. M. 4 Mullally, F. 10; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel  2: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straβe 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks St, Norman, OK 73019, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, Box 351580, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  6: Department of Astrophysics, IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands  7: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  8: Space Telescope Science institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, Harvard University, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  10: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 5/1/2016, Vol. 458 Issue 1, p845; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: WHITE dwarf stars; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: SDSS J115219.99+024814.4; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: radial velocities; Author-Supplied Keyword: white dwarfs; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw364
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114123114&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, J. Alexis P.
AU  - Zarroca, Mario
AU  - Linares, Rogelio
AU  - Gulick, Virginia
AU  - Weitz, Catherine M.
AU  - Yan, Jianguo
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Miyamoto, Hideaki
AU  - Platz, Thomas
AU  - Baker, Victor
AU  - Kargel, Jeffrey
AU  - Glines, Natalie
AU  - Higuchi, Kana
T1  - Groundwater flow induced collapse and flooding in Noctis Labyrinthus, Mars.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Catastrophic floods of enormous proportions played a major role in the excavation of some of the Solar System׳s largest channels, the circum-Chryse outflow channels. The generation of the floods has been attributed to both the evacuation of regional highland aquifers and ancient paleo-lakes. Numerous investigators indicate that these source regions were likely recharged and pressurized by eastward groundwater flow via conduits extending thousands of kilometers from an elevated groundwater table in the Tharsis volcanic rise. This hypothesis remains controversial, largely because subsequent stages of Valles Marineris development and enlargement would have resulted in the widespread destruction of the proposed groundwater pathways. Here, we show that Noctis Labyrinthus, a unique system of troughs connecting the Tharsis volcanic rise and western Valles Marineris, retains geologic evidence of conduit development associated with structurally-controlled groundwater flow through salt-rich upper crustal deposits. The inferred groundwater flow spatial pattern is in agreement with aquifer drainage from the Tharsis volcanic rise region. Our investigation indicates that subsequent surface collapse over these conduits during the Hesperian Period resulted in the generation of large basins in the central and eastern regions of Noctis Labyrinthus, and contributed to chasmata formation in the western portion of Valles Marineris. The lava-covered floors of these basins, dated by previous workers as Late Amazonian, contain hydrated mineral deposits coexisting spatially with decameter-scale features that we interpret to be lacustrine and periglacial in origin. The proposed paleo-lake sites also include chaotic terrains, which could comprise groundwater discharge zones, pointing to regional hydrologic processes that likely operated from the Early Hesperian until a few tens of millions of years ago. Episodic fluidized discharges from eastern Noctis Labyrinthus troughs delivered vast volumes of sediments and volatiles into western Valles Marineris, contributing to the construction of a regional volatile-rich stratigraphy. Intermittent formation of lakes within regional tectono-volcanic basins could have lasted hundreds of millions of years, thus, we highlight the potential of Noctis Labyrinthus as a region of prime interest for astrobiological exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GROUNDWATER flow
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - FLOODS
KW  - SEDIMENTS (Geology)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - CHRYSE Planitia (Mars)
KW  - Collapse
KW  - Groundwater
KW  - Mars
N1  - Accession Number: 114052662; Rodriguez, J. Alexis P. 1,2; Email Address: alexis@psi.edu Zarroca, Mario 3 Linares, Rogelio 3 Gulick, Virginia 2,4 Weitz, Catherine M. 1 Yan, Jianguo 5 Fairén, Alberto G. 6,7 Miyamoto, Hideaki 8 Platz, Thomas 1,9 Baker, Victor 10 Kargel, Jeffrey 10 Glines, Natalie 2,4 Higuchi, Kana 6; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Road, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719-2395, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Geology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430070, China  6: Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid 28850, Spain  7: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA  8: The University Museum, University of Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan  9: Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany  10: Department of Hydrology & Water Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 124, p1; Subject Term: GROUNDWATER flow; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: FLOODS; Subject Term: SEDIMENTS (Geology); Subject Term: SURFACE; Subject Term: CHRYSE Planitia (Mars); Author-Supplied Keyword: Collapse; Author-Supplied Keyword: Groundwater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.12.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114052662&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W.G.
AU  - Sears, Hazel
AU  - Ostrowski, Daniel R.
AU  - Bryson, Kathryne L.
AU  - Dotson, Jessie
AU  - Bruck Syal, Megan
AU  - Swift, Damian C
T1  - A meteorite perspective on asteroid hazard mitigation.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 117
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Meteorites, and their fall to Earth, have the potential to inform studies of the asteroid impact hazard and of impact mitigation. We describe six ways in which they have relevance to understanding the behavior of meteoroids in the atmosphere and thus impact mitigation. (1) Hundreds of meteorite falls have been described in the literature. While eyewitness observations are subjective, at their core there is unique information on which to build and test numerical models of an asteroid’s behavior as it passes through the atmosphere. (2) For 19 recovered meteorites, film or video recordings have been obtained and for most of these light curves have been derived which provide quantitative information on meteorite fall and fragmentation. (3) There are 188 known meteorite craters on Earth and in 10 cases fragments of the meteorite responsible have been recovered. In these cases numerical impact models can utilize the known properties of the projectile and the dimensions of the crater. (4) Studies of the meteorites provide information on their preatmospheric size, internal structure and physical properties (tensile strength, density, porosity, thermal conductivity etc.) which are essential for understanding the behavior of objects coming through the atmosphere. (5) The flow patterns on the fusion crust of the meteorite, and the shape of the recovered meteorite, provides information on orientation and physical behavior during flight. Petrographic changes under the fusion crust provide information on thermal history during the latter stages of flight. (6) The structure and composition of the so-called “gas-rich regolith breccias” provide information on the outermost layer of the parent asteroid from which the meteorites came. This information is critical to certain mitigation strategies. We conclude by describing initiatives for hazardous asteroid impact mitigation at Ames Research Center and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory that will exploit and disseminate the information available from meteorites. This includes characterization of the meteorites likely to be analogous of incoming asteroids and the development of a website to advise the world-wide community of information available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IMPACT of asteroids with Earth
KW  - HAZARD mitigation
KW  - METEORITES
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - Asteroid impact hazard
KW  - Craters
KW  - Fireball
KW  - Impact
KW  - Meteorites
KW  - Near earth asteroids
N1  - Accession Number: 114052660; Sears, Derek W.G. 1,2; Email Address: Derek.Sears@nasa.gov Sears, Hazel 1,2 Ostrowski, Daniel R. 1,2 Bryson, Kathryne L. 1,2 Dotson, Jessie 1 Bruck Syal, Megan 3 Swift, Damian C 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  3: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94550, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 124, p105; Subject Term: IMPACT of asteroids with Earth; Subject Term: HAZARD mitigation; Subject Term: METEORITES; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid impact hazard; Author-Supplied Keyword: Craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fireball; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near earth asteroids; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2016.01.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114052660&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - K. Newman
AU  - J. Conway
AU  - R. Belikov
AU  - O. Guyon
T1  - Focal Plane Phase Masks for PIAA: Design and Manufacturing.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 128
IS  - 963
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization Complex Mask Coronagraph (PIAACMC) is a coronagraph architecture for the direct detection of extrasolar planets, which can achieve close to the theoretical performance limit of any direct detection system. The primary components of a PIAACMC system are the Phase Induced Amplitude Apodization (PIAA) optics and the complex phase-shifting focal plane mask. PIAA optics have been produced and demonstrated with high coronagraph performance. In this paper, we describe the design process for the phase-shifting focal plane mask, and strategies for smoothing the mask profile. We describe the mask manufacturing process and show manufacturing results. Errors in the fabricated mask profile degrade the system performance, but we can recover performance by refining the manufacturing process and implementing wavefront control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CORONAGRAPHS
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - FOCAL planes
N1  - Accession Number: 120537852; K. Newman 1,2; Email Address: knewman@email.arizona.edu J. Conway 3 R. Belikov 2 O. Guyon 1,4; Affiliation:  1: College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, 1630 E. University Boulevard, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Building 245-144, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Stanford Nanofabrication Facility, Paul G. Allen Building, 420 Via Palou Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  4: Subaru Telescope, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), 650 North A’Ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 128 Issue 963, p1; Subject Term: CORONAGRAPHS; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: FOCAL planes; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/963/055003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537852&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kai Yan
AU  - Taejin Park
AU  - Guangjian Yan
AU  - Chi Chen
AU  - Bin Yang
AU  - Zhao Liu
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Yuri Knyazikhin
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Evaluation of MODIS LAI/FPAR Product Collection 6. Part 1: Consistency and Improvements.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 20724292
AB  - As the latest version of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) products, Collection 6 (C6) has been distributed since August 2015. This collection is evaluated in this two-part series with the goal of assessing product accuracy, uncertainty and consistency with the previous version. In this first paper, we compare C6 (MOD15A2H) with Collection 5 (C5) to check for consistency and discuss the scale effects associated with changing spatial resolution between the two collections and benefits from improvements to algorithm inputs. Compared with C5, C6 benefits from two improved inputs: (1) L2G-lite surface reflectance at 500 m resolution in place of reflectance at 1 km resolution; and (2) new multi-year land-cover product at 500 m resolution in place of the 1 km static land-cover product. Global and seasonal comparison between C5 and C6 indicates good continuity and consistency for all biome types. Moreover, inter-annual LAI anomalies at the regional scale from C5 and C6 agree well. The proportion of main radiative transfer algorithm retrievals in C6 increased slightly in most biome types, notably including a 17% improvement in evergreen broadleaf forests. With same biome input, the mean RMSE of LAI and FPAR between C5 and C6 at global scale are 0.29 and 0.091, respectively, but biome type disagreement worsens the consistency (LAI: 0.39, FPAR: 0.102). By quantifying the impact of input changes, we find that the improvements of both land-cover and reflectance products improve LAI/FPAR products. Moreover, we find that spatial scale effects due to a resolution change from 1 km to 500 m do not cause any significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - BIOMES
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - Collection 6
KW  - consistency
KW  - evaluation
KW  - Fraction of Photo-synthetically Active Radiation (FPAR)
KW  - Leaf Area Index (LAI)
KW  - MODIS
N1  - Accession Number: 115236784; Kai Yan 1,2; Email Address: kaiyan.earthscience@gmail.com Taejin Park 2; Email Address: taejin1392@gmail.com Guangjian Yan 1; Email Address: gjyan@bnu.edu.cn Chi Chen 2; Email Address: chenchi@bu.edu Bin Yang 2,3; Email Address: ybjason@bu.edu Zhao Liu 2; Email Address: liuzhaofairy@gmail.com Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 4; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov Yuri Knyazikhin 2; Email Address: jknjazi@bu.edu Myneni, Ranga B. 2; Email Address: ranga.myneni@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: School of Geography, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China  2: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  3: Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration & Its Applications, Institute of RS & GIS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 8 Issue 5, p1; Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: BIOMES; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: RADIATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collection 6; Author-Supplied Keyword: consistency; Author-Supplied Keyword: evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraction of Photo-synthetically Active Radiation (FPAR); Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf Area Index (LAI); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs8050359
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115236784&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ogasawara, Keiichi
AU  - Grubbs II, Guy
AU  - Michell, Robert G.
AU  - Samara, Marilia
AU  - Stange, Jason L.
AU  - Trevino, John A.
AU  - Webster, James
AU  - Jahn, Jörg-Micha
T1  - Development and performance of a suprathermal electron spectrometer to study auroral precipitations.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 87
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 053307-1
EP  - 053307-11
SN  - 00346748
AB  - The design, development, and performance of Medium-energy Electron SPectrometer (MESP), dedicated to the in situ observation of suprathermal electrons in the auroral ionosphere, are summarized in this paper. MESP employs a permanent magnet filter with a light tight structure to select electrons with proper energies guided to the detectors. A combination of two avalanche photodiodes and a large area solid-state detector (SSD) provided 46 total energy bins (1 keV resolution for 3-20 keV range for APDs, and 7 keV resolution for >20 keV range for SSDs). Multi-channel ultra-low power application-specific integrated circuits are also verified for the flight operation to read-out and analyze the detector signals. MESP was launched from Poker Flat Research Range on 3 March 2014 as a part of ground-to-rocket electrodynamics-electrons correlative experiment (GREECE) mission. MESP successfully measured the precipitating electrons from 3 to 120 keV in 120-ms time resolution and characterized the features of suprathermal distributions associated with auroral arcs throughout the flight. The measured electrons were showing the inverted-V type spectra, consistent with the past measurements. In addition, investigations of the suprathermal electron population indicated the existence of the energetic non-thermal distribution corresponding to the brightest aurora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRONS
KW  - DETECTORS
KW  - PHOTODIODES
KW  - SIGNALS & signaling
KW  - IONOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 115874553; Ogasawara, Keiichi 1; Email Address: kogasawara@swri.edu Grubbs II, Guy 2,3 Michell, Robert G. 3 Samara, Marilia 3 Stange, Jason L. 1 Trevino, John A. 1 Webster, James 1 Jahn, Jörg-Micha 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, 6220 Culebra Road, San Antonio, Texas 78238, USA  2: University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA circle, San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 87 Issue 5, p053307-1; Subject Term: ELECTRONS; Subject Term: DETECTORS; Subject Term: PHOTODIODES; Subject Term: SIGNALS & signaling; Subject Term: IONOSPHERE; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4950901
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Díaz Alfaro, M.
AU  - Pérez Hernández, F.
AU  - González Hernández, I.
AU  - Hartlep, T.
T1  - Seismic Holography of the Solar Interior near the Maximum and Minimum of Solar Activity.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2016/05//
VL  - 291
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1323
EP  - 1340
SN  - 00380938
AB  - The base of the convection zone and the tachocline play a major role in the study of the dynamics of the Sun, especially in the solar dynamo. Here, we present a phase-sensitive helioseismic holography method to infer changes in the sound-speed profile of the solar interior. We test the technique using numerically simulated data by Zhao et al. ( Astrophys. J. 702, 1150, ) with sound-speed perturbations at $0.7 R_{\odot }$. The technique adequately recovers the perturbed sound-speed profile and is seen to be capable of detecting changes in the sound speed as low as 0.05 %. We apply the method to two GONG solar time series of approximately one year, each comprising 13 Bartels rotations, BR2295-BR2307 and BR2387-BR2399, near the maximum and at a minimum of solar activity, respectively. We successfully recover a sound-speed variation with respect to a standard solar model, consistent with previous results. However, we fail to recover a realistic sound-speed variation between maximum and minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOLOGRAPHY
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - HELIOSEISMOLOGY
KW  - PERTURBATION (Astronomy)
KW  - SOLAR time
KW  - SUN
KW  - INTERNAL structure
KW  - Helioseismology
KW  - Solar activity
KW  - Tachocline
N1  - Accession Number: 116415104; Díaz Alfaro, M.; Email Address: manuel@diazalfaro.com Pérez Hernández, F. González Hernández, I. 1 Hartlep, T. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Solar Observatory, Tucson 85719 USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 291 Issue 5, p1323; Subject Term: HOLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: HELIOSEISMOLOGY; Subject Term: PERTURBATION (Astronomy); Subject Term: SOLAR time; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: INTERNAL structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Helioseismology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tachocline; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-016-0912-3
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116415104&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qian Di
AU  - Kloog, Itai
AU  - Koutrakis, Petros
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Yujie Wang
AU  - Schwartz, Joel
T1  - Assessing PM2.5 Exposures with High Spatiotemporal Resolution across the Continental United States.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/05/03/
VL  - 50
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4712
EP  - 4721
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - A number of models have been developed to estimate PM2.5 exposure, including satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) models, land-use regression, or chemical transport model simulation, all with both strengths and weaknesses. Variables like normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), surface reflectance, absorbing aerosol index, and meteoroidal fields are also informative about PM2.5 concentrations. Our objective is to establish a hybrid model which incorporates multiple approaches and input variables to improve model performance. To account for complex atmospheric mechanisms, we used a neural network for its capacity to model nonlinearity and interactions. We used convolutional layers, which aggregate neighboring information, into a neural network to account for spatial and temporal autocorrelation. We trained the neural network for the continental United States from 2000 to 2012 and tested it with left out monitors. Ten-fold cross-validation revealed a good model performance with a total R² of 0.84 on the left out monitors. Regional R² could be even higher for the Eastern and Central United States. Model performance was still good at low PM2.5 concentrations. Then, we used the trained neural network to make daily predictions of PM2.5 at 1 km × 1 km grid cells. This model allows epidemiologists to access PM2.5 exposure in both the short-term and the long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - UNITED States
N1  - Accession Number: 115779078; Qian Di 1; Email Address: qiandi@mail.harvard.edu Kloog, Itai 1 Koutrakis, Petros 1 Lyapustin, Alexei 2 Yujie Wang 3 Schwartz, Joel 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Heath, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Code 613, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, United States  3: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States; Source Info: 5/3/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 9, p4712; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: UNITED States; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.5b06121
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - D. M. Kipping
AU  - G. Torres
AU  - C. Henze
AU  - A. Teachey
AU  - D. Ciardi
AU  - H. Isaacson
AU  - E. Petigura
AU  - G. W. Marcy
AU  - L. A. Buchhave
AU  - J. Chen
AU  - S. T. Bryson
AU  - E. Sandford
T1  - ERRATUM: “A TRANSITING JUPITER ANALOG” (ApJ, 2016, 820, 112).
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/05/10/
VL  - 822
IS  - 2
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A correction to the article "A Transiting Jupiter Analog" is presented.
KW  - ANALOG electronic systems
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
N1  - Accession Number: 115343690; D. M. Kipping 1; Email Address: dkipping@astro.columbia.edu G. Torres 2 C. Henze 3 A. Teachey 1 D. Ciardi 4 H. Isaacson 5 E. Petigura 5 G. W. Marcy 5 L. A. Buchhave 6 J. Chen 1 S. T. Bryson 3 E. Sandford 1; Affiliation:  1: Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 W 120th St., New York, NY 10027, USA  2: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, M/C 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125  5: University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  6: Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark; Source Info: 5/10/2016, Vol. 822 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ANALOG electronic systems; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/118
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Timothy D. Morton
AU  - Stephen T. Bryson
AU  - Jeffrey L. Coughlin
AU  - Jason F. Rowe
AU  - Ganesh Ravichandran
AU  - Erik A. Petigura
AU  - Michael R. Haas
AU  - Natalie M. Batalha
T1  - FALSE POSITIVE PROBABILITIES FOR ALL KEPLER OBJECTS OF INTEREST: 1284 NEWLY VALIDATED PLANETS AND 428 LIKELY FALSE POSITIVES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/05/10/
VL  - 822
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present astrophysical false positive probability calculations for every Kepler Object of Interest (KOI)—the first large-scale demonstration of a fully automated transiting planet validation procedure. Out of 7056 KOIs, we determine that 1935 have probabilities <1% of being astrophysical false positives, and thus may be considered validated planets. Of these, 1284 have not yet been validated or confirmed by other methods. In addition, we identify 428 KOIs that are likely to be false positives, but have not yet been identified as such, though some of these may be a result of unidentified transit timing variations. A side product of these calculations is full stellar property posterior samplings for every host star, modeled as single, binary, and triple systems. These calculations use vespa, a publicly available Python package that is able to be easily applied to any transiting exoplanet candidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PLANETARY rings
N1  - Accession Number: 115343651; Timothy D. Morton 1; Email Address: tdm@astro.princeton.edu Stephen T. Bryson 2 Jeffrey L. Coughlin 2,3 Jason F. Rowe 4 Ganesh Ravichandran 5 Erik A. Petigura 6,7 Michael R. Haas 2 Natalie M. Batalha 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada  5: Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, 1214 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027, USA  6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: Hubble Fellow.; Source Info: 5/10/2016, Vol. 822 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PLANETARY rings; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/86
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haskins, Justin B.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Evaluation of molecular dynamics simulation methods for ionic liquid electric double layers.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2016/05/14/
VL  - 144
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 00219606
AB  - We investigate how systematically increasing the accuracy of various molecular dynamics modeling techniques influences the structure and capacitance of ionic liquid electric double layers (EDLs). The techniques probed concern long-range electrostatic interactions, electrode charging (constant charge versus constant potential conditions), and electrolyte polarizability. Our simulations are performed on a quasi-two-dimensional, or slab-like, model capacitor, which is composed of a polarizable ionic liquid electrolyte, [EMIM][BF4], interfaced between two graphite electrodes. To ensure an accurate representation of EDL differential capacitance, we derive new fluctuation formulas that resolve the differential capacitance as a function of electrode charge or electrode potential. The magnitude of differential capacitance shows sensitivity to different long-range electrostatic summation techniques, while the shape of differential capacitance is affected by charging technique and the polarizability of the electrolyte. For long-range summation techniques, errors in magnitude can be mitigated by employing two-dimensional or corrected three dimensional electrostatic summations, which led to electric fields that conform to those of a classical electrostatic parallel plate capacitor. With respect to charging, the changes in shape are a result of ions in the Stern layer (i.e., ions at the electrode surface) having a higher electrostatic affinity to constant potential electrodes than to constant charge electrodes. For electrolyte polarizability, shape changes originate from induced dipoles that soften the interaction of Stern layer ions with the electrode. The softening is traced to ion correlations vertical to the electrode surface that induce dipoles that oppose double layer formation. In general, our analysis indicates an accuracy dependent differential capacitance profile that transitions from the characteristic camel shape with coarser representations to a more diffuse profile with finer representations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC interaction
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - ELECTRIC double layer
KW  - IONIC liquids
N1  - Accession Number: 115426296; Haskins, Justin B. 1; Email Address: justin.b.haskins@nasa.gov Lawson, John W. 2; Affiliation:  1: AMA Inc., Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N234-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, MS N234-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 144 Issue 18, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC interaction; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Subject Term: ELECTRIC double layer; Subject Term: IONIC liquids; Number of Pages: 14p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 7 Graphs, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4948938
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Breton, Sylvain
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
T1  - Formation of gravel pavements during fluvial erosion as an explanation for persistence of ancient cratered terrain on Titan and Mars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/05/15/
VL  - 270
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 113
SN  - 00191035
AB  - In many terrestrial channels the gravel bed is only transported during rare floods (threshold channels), and rates of erosion are very slow. In this paper we explore how coarse debris delivered to channels on Mars and Titan from erosion may inhibit further erosion once a coarse gravel channel bed develops. Portions of the equatorial region of Titan are fluvially eroded into banded (crenulated) terrain, some of which contains numerous circular structures that are likely highly degraded large impact craters surviving from the late heavy bombardment. No mechanism that can chemically or physically break down ice (likely the most important component of Titans crust) has been unambiguously identified. This paper examines a scenario in which fluvial erosion on Titan has largely involved erosion into an impact-generated megaregolith that contains a modest component of gravel-sized debris. As the megaregolith is eroded, coarse gravel gradually accumulates as a lag pavement on channel beds, limiting further erosion and creating a dissected, but largely inactive, or senescent, landscape. Similar development of gravel pavements occur in ancient mountain belts on Earth, and partially explain the persistence of appreciable relief after hundreds of millions of years. Likewise, coarse gravel beds may have limited the degree to which erosion could modify the heavily cratered terrains on Mars, particularly if weathering were largely due to physical, rather than chemical weathering processes in a relatively cold and/or arid environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EROSION
KW  - ANALYTICAL chemistry
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - WEATHERING
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars, surface
KW  - Titan, hydrology
N1  - Accession Number: 113826726; Howard, Alan D. 1; Email Address: ah6p@virginia.edu Breton, Sylvain 2; Email Address: sylvain.breton.6@gmail.com Moore, Jeffrey M. 3; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, United States  2: Résidence Debourg, 9 rue du Vercours, 69007 Lyon, France  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: May2016, Vol. 270, p100; Subject Term: EROSION; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: WEATHERING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan, hydrology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.05.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huan Y. A. Meng
AU  - Peter Plavchan
AU  - George H. Rieke
AU  - Ann Marie Cody
AU  - Tina Güth
AU  - John Stauffer
AU  - Kevin Covey
AU  - Sean Carey
AU  - David Ciardi
AU  - Maria C. Duran-Rojas
AU  - Robert A. Gutermuth
AU  - María Morales-Calderón
AU  - Luisa M. Rebull
AU  - Alan M. Watson
T1  - PHOTO-REVERBERATION MAPPING OF A PROTOPLANETARY ACCRETION DISK AROUND A T TAURI STAR.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/05/20/
VL  - 823
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Theoretical models and spectroscopic observations of newborn stars suggest that protoplantary disks have an inner “wall” at a distance set by the disk interaction with the star. Around T Tauri stars, the size of this disk hole is expected to be on a 0.1 au scale that is unresolved by current adaptive optics imaging, though some model-dependent constraints have been obtained by near-infrared interferometry. Here we report the first measurement of the inner disk wall around a solar-mass young stellar object, YLW 16B in the ρ Ophiuchi star-forming region, by detecting the light-travel time of the variable radiation from the stellar surface to the disk. Consistent time lags were detected on two nights, when the time series in H (1.6 μm) and K (2.2 μm) bands were synchronized while the 4.5 μm emission lagged by 74.5 ± 3.2 s. Considering the nearly edge-on geometry of the disk, the inner rim should be 0.084 au from the protostar on average, with an error of order 0.01 au. This size is likely larger than the range of magnetospheric truncations and consistent with an optically and geometrically thick disk front at the dust sublimation radius at ∼1500 K. The widths of the cross-correlation functions between the data in different wavebands place possible new constraints on the geometry of the disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - T Tauri stars
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - STELLAR radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 115558645; Huan Y. A. Meng 1,2,3; Email Address: hyameng@lpl.arizona.edu Peter Plavchan 1,4 George H. Rieke 2,3 Ann Marie Cody 5 Tina Güth 6 John Stauffer 7 Kevin Covey 8 Sean Carey 7 David Ciardi 1 Maria C. Duran-Rojas 9 Robert A. Gutermuth 10 María Morales-Calderón 11 Luisa M. Rebull 7 Alan M. Watson 12; Affiliation:  1: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, MC 100-22, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Steward Observatory and Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  4: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Materials Science, Missouri State University, 901 S. National Ave., Springfield, MO 65897, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Physics, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 801 Leroy Pl., Socorro, NM 87801, USA  7: Infrared Science Archive and Spitzer Science Center, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, MC 314-6, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, MS-9164, Western Washington University, 516 High St., Bellingham, WA 98225, USA  9: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 106, 22800, Ensenada, Baja California, México  10: Department of Astronomy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA  11: Centro de Astrobiología, Departamento de Astrofísica, INTA-CSIC, P.O. Box 78, E-28691, ESAC Campus, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  12: Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-264, 04510 México, D. F., México; Source Info: 5/20/2016, Vol. 823 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: T Tauri stars; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: STELLAR radiation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/58
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morring Jr., Frank
T1  - Robotic Refueling.
JO  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
JF  - Aviation Week & Space Technology
Y1  - 2016/05/23/
M3  - Article
SP  - 38
EP  - 38
PB  - Penton Media, Inc.
SN  - 00052175
AB  - The article reports that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is working to develop on-orbit satellite servicing technology. Topics covered include goal of developing robotic and navigation-testbed hardware for the Landsat-7 spacecraft, progress of the work of the Satellite Serviving Capabilities Office, plan to spin off the technology to the private sector and Space Logistics LLC's development of private satellite-service capability.
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - PRIVATE sector
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - SPACE Logistics LLC
N1  - Accession Number: 116156424; Morring Jr., Frank 1; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center; Source Info: 5/23/2016, p38; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: PRIVATE sector; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: SPACE Logistics LLC; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article; Full Text Word Count: 835
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shiokawa, Kazuo
AU  - Fok, Mei-Ching
AU  - Fujimoto, Masaki
T1  - Special issue 'The 12th International Conference on Substorms'.
JO  - Earth, Planets & Space
JF  - Earth, Planets & Space
Y1  - 2016/05/24/
VL  - 68
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 2
SN  - 13438832
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including control of magnetospheric conditions by solar wind parameters, modeling of reconnection and instabilities in the tail and auroral disturbances during substorms.
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - AURORAL substorms
KW  - PARAMETERS (Statistics)
N1  - Accession Number: 115603031; Shiokawa, Kazuo 1; Email Address: shiokawa@nagoya-u.jp Fok, Mei-Ching 2; Email Address: mei-ching.h.fok@nasa.gov Fujimoto, Masaki 3; Email Address: fujimoto@stp.isas.jaxa.jp; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya Japan  2: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington USA  3: Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara Japan; Source Info: 5/24/2016, Vol. 68 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: AURORAL substorms; Subject Term: PARAMETERS (Statistics); Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/s40623-016-0471-8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Seinfeld, John H.
AU  - Bretherton, Christopher
AU  - Carslaw, Kenneth S.
AU  - Hugh Coe
AU  - DeMottf, Paul J.
AU  - Dunlea, Edward J.
AU  - Feingold, Graham
AU  - Ghan, Steven
AU  - Guenther, Alex B.
AU  - Kahn, Ralph
AU  - Kraucunas, Ian
AU  - Kreidenweis, Sonia M.
AU  - Molina, Mario J.
AU  - Nenes, Athanasios
AU  - Penner, Joyce E.
AU  - Prather, Kimberly A.
AU  - Ramanathan, V.
AU  - Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam
AU  - Rasch, Philip J.
AU  - Ravishankara, A. R.
T1  - Improving our fundamental understanding of the role of aerosol--cloud interactions in the climate system.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2016/05/24/
VL  - 113
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 5781
EP  - 5790
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The effect of an increase in atmospheric aerosol concentrations on the distribution and radiative properties of Earth's clouds is the most uncertain component of the overall global radiative forcing from preindustrial time. General circulation models (GCMs) are the tool for predicting future climate, but the treatment of aerosols, clouds, and aerosol-cloud radiative effects carries large uncertainties that directly affect GCM predictions, such as climate sensitivity. Predictions are hampered by the large range of scales of interaction between various components that need to be captured. Observation systems (remote sensing, in situ) are increasingly being used to constrain predictions, but significant challenges exist, to some extent because of the large range of scales and the fact that the various measuring systems tend to address different scales. Fine-scale models represent clouds, aerosols, and aerosol-cloud interactions with high fidelity but do not include interactions with the larger scale and are therefore limited from a climatic point of view. We suggest strategies for improving estimates of aerosol-cloud relationships in climate models, for new remote sensing and in situ measurements, and for quantifying and reducing model uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - GENERAL circulation model
KW  - CLIMATE sensitivity
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - aerosol-cloud effects
KW  - climate
KW  - general circulation models
KW  - radiative forcing
KW  - satellite observations
N1  - Accession Number: 115721969; Seinfeld, John H. 1,2; Email Address: seinfeld@caltech.edu Bretherton, Christopher 3 Carslaw, Kenneth S. 4 Hugh Coe 5 DeMottf, Paul J. 6 Dunlea, Edward J. 7 Feingold, Graham 8 Ghan, Steven 9 Guenther, Alex B. 10 Kahn, Ralph 11 Kraucunas, Ian 9 Kreidenweis, Sonia M. 6 Molina, Mario J. 12,13 Nenes, Athanasios 14,15,16,17 Penner, Joyce E. 18 Prather, Kimberly A. 12,13 Ramanathan, V. 13 Ramaswamy, Venkatachalam 19 Rasch, Philip J. 9 Ravishankara, A. R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125  2: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125  3: Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195  4: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds L32 9JT, United Kingdom  5: School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom  6: Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523  7: Board on Atmospheric Science and Climate, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Washington, DC 20001  8: Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80523  9: Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352  10: Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697  11: Sciences and Exploration Directorate, Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771  12: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093  13: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093  14: Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332  15: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332  16: Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Patras GR-26504, Greece  17: Institute for Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Palea-Pendeli GR-15236, Greece  18: Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109  19: Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ 08540; Source Info: 5/24/2016, Vol. 113 Issue 21, p5781; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: GENERAL circulation model; Subject Term: CLIMATE sensitivity; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosol-cloud effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: general circulation models; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative forcing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellite observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1514043113
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gonzales, Andrew A.
AU  - Stoker, Carol R.
T1  - An efficient approach for Mars Sample Return using emerging commercial capabilities.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 123
M3  - Article
SP  - 16
EP  - 25
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Mars Sample Return is the highest priority science mission for the next decade as recommended by the 2011 Decadal Survey of Planetary Science (Squyres, 2011 [1] ). This article presents the results of a feasibility study for a Mars Sample Return mission that efficiently uses emerging commercial capabilities expected to be available in the near future. The motivation of our study was the recognition that emerging commercial capabilities might be used to perform Mars Sample Return with an Earth-direct architecture, and that this may offer a desirable simpler and lower cost approach. The objective of the study was to determine whether these capabilities can be used to optimize the number of mission systems and launches required to return the samples, with the goal of achieving the desired simplicity. All of the major element required for the Mars Sample Return mission are described. Mission system elements were analyzed with either direct techniques or by using parametric mass estimating relationships. The analysis shows the feasibility of a complete and closed Mars Sample Return mission design based on the following scenario: A SpaceX Falcon Heavy launch vehicle places a modified version of a SpaceX Dragon capsule, referred to as “Red Dragon”, onto a Trans Mars Injection trajectory. The capsule carries all the hardware needed to return to Earth Orbit samples collected by a prior mission, such as the planned NASA Mars 2020 sample collection rover. The payload includes a fully fueled Mars Ascent Vehicle; a fueled Earth Return Vehicle, support equipment, and a mechanism to transfer samples from the sample cache system onboard the rover to the Earth Return Vehicle. The Red Dragon descends to land on the surface of Mars using Supersonic Retropropulsion. After collected samples are transferred to the Earth Return Vehicle, the single-stage Mars Ascent Vehicle launches the Earth Return Vehicle from the surface of Mars to a Mars phasing orbit. After a brief phasing period, the Earth Return Vehicle performs a Trans Earth Injection burn. Once near Earth, the Earth Return Vehicle performs Earth and lunar swing-bys and is placed into a Lunar Trailing Orbit-an Earth orbit, at lunar distance. A retrieval mission then performs a rendezvous with the Earth Return Vehicle, retrieves the sample container, and breaks the chain of contact with Mars by transferring the sample into a sterile and secure container. With the sample contained, the retrieving spacecraft makes a controlled Earth re-entry preventing any unintended release of Martian materials into the Earth’s biosphere. The mission can start in any one of three Earth to Mars launch opportunities, beginning in 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL surveys
KW  - SUPERSONIC aerodynamics
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - Commercial
KW  - Mars Entry, Descent and Landing
KW  - Mars Sample Return
KW  - Red Dragon
KW  - SpaceX
KW  - Supersonic Retropropulsion
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 115218133; Gonzales, Andrew A. 1; Email Address: andrew.gonzales@nasa.gov Stoker, Carol R. 2; Email Address: carol.r.stoker@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Bldg. N-213, MS-213-13, CA 94035, United States  2: NASA, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Bldg. N-245, MS-245-3, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 123, p16; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL surveys; Subject Term: SUPERSONIC aerodynamics; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Commercial; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Entry, Descent and Landing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Sample Return; Author-Supplied Keyword: Red Dragon; Author-Supplied Keyword: SpaceX; Author-Supplied Keyword: Supersonic Retropropulsion; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.02.013
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dey, A.
AU  - Chroneos, A.
AU  - Braithwaite, N. St. J.
AU  - Gandhiraman, Ram P.
AU  - Krishnamurthy, S.
T1  - Plasma engineering of graphene.
JO  - Applied Physics Reviews
JF  - Applied Physics Reviews
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 3
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 021301-1
EP  - 021301-19
SN  - 19319401
AB  - Recently, there have been enormous efforts to tailor the properties of graphene. These improved properties extend the prospect of graphene for a broad range of applications. Plasmas find applications in various fields including materials science and have been emerging in the field of nanotechnology. This review focuses on different plasma functionalization processes of graphene and its oxide counterpart. The review aims at the advantages of plasma functionalization over the conventional doping techniques. Selectivity and controllability of the plasma techniques opens up future pathways for large scale, rapid functionalization of graphene for advanced applications. We also emphasize on atmospheric pressure plasma jet as the future prospect of plasma based functionalization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Reviews is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHENE -- Electric properties
KW  - MATERIALS -- Electric properties
KW  - PLASMA engineering
KW  - PLASMA (Ionized gases)
KW  - PLASMA physics
N1  - Accession Number: 116583828; Dey, A. 1 Chroneos, A. 2,3 Braithwaite, N. St. J. 4 Gandhiraman, Ram P. 5 Krishnamurthy, S. 1; Email Address: Satheesh.Krishnamurthy@open.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: Materials Engineering, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom  2: Faculty of Engineering, Environment and Computing, Coventry University, Priory Street, Coventry CV1 5FB, United Kingdom  3: Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom  4: Department of Physical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, United Kingdom  5: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 3 Issue 2, p021301-1; Subject Term: GRAPHENE -- Electric properties; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Electric properties; Subject Term: PLASMA engineering; Subject Term: PLASMA (Ionized gases); Subject Term: PLASMA physics; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4947188
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michael C. Cushing
AU  - Kevin K. Hardegree-Ullman
AU  - Jesica L. Trucks
AU  - Caroline V. Morley
AU  - John E. Gizis
AU  - Mark S. Marley
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - J. Davy Kirkpatrick
AU  - Christopher R. Gelino
AU  - Gregory N. Mace
AU  - Sean J. Carey
T1  - THE FIRST DETECTION OF PHOTOMETRIC VARIABILITY IN A Y DWARF: WISE J140518.39+553421.3.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/06//6/1/2016
VL  - 823
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the first detection of the photometric variability in a spectroscopically confirmed Y dwarf. The Infrared Array Camera on board the Spitzer Space Telescope was used to obtain time series photometry of WISE J140518.39+553421.3 at 3.6 and 4.5 μm over a 24-hr period at two different epochs separated by 149 days. Variability is evident at 4.5 μm in the first epoch and at 3.6 and 4.5 μm in the second epoch, which suggests that the underlying cause or causes of this variability change on the timescales of months. The second-epoch [3.6] and [4.5] light curves are nearly sinusoidal in form, in phase, have periods of roughly 8.5 hr, and have semi-amplitudes of 3.5%. We find that a simple geometric spot model with a single bright spot reproduces these observations well. We also compare our measured semi-amplitudes of the second-epoch light curves to predictions of the static, one-dimensional, partly cloudy, and hot spot models of Morley and collaborators, and find that neither set of models can reproduce the observed [3.6] and [4.5] semi-amplitudes simultaneously. Therefore, more advanced two-dimensional or three-dimensional models that include time-dependent phenomena like vertical mixing, cloud formation, and thermal relaxation are sorely needed in order to properly interpret our observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - PARAMETRIC equations
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 115895440; Michael C. Cushing 1; Email Address: michael.cushing@utoledo.edu Kevin K. Hardegree-Ullman 1 Jesica L. Trucks 1 Caroline V. Morley 2 John E. Gizis 3 Mark S. Marley 4 Jonathan J. Fortney 2 J. Davy Kirkpatrick 5 Christopher R. Gelino 4 Gregory N. Mace 6 Sean J. Carey 7; Affiliation:  1: The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Mailstop 111, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA  7: Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 6/1/2016, Vol. 823 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: PARAMETRIC equations; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/823/2/152
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jethva, Hiren
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Redemann, Jens
AU  - Livingston, John
AU  - Dunagan, Stephen
AU  - Shinozuka, Yohei
AU  - Kacenelenbogen, Meloe
AU  - Segal-Rosenheimer, Michal
AU  - Spurr, Rob
T1  - Validating MODIS Above-cloud Aerosol Optical Depth Retrieved from "Color Ratio" Algorithm using Direct Measurements made by NASA's Airborne AATS and 4STAR Sensors.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 9
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 18678610
AB  - We present the first ever validation of above-cloud aerosol optical depth (ACAOD) retrieved from the "color ratio" method applied to MODIS cloudy-sky reflectance measurements using the limited direct measurements made by NASA's airborne AATS and 4STAR sensors. A thorough search of the airborne database collection revealed a total of five events in which airborne sunphotometer, coincident with the MODIS overpass, observed agricultural biomass burning, dust, and wildfire-emitted aerosols above a low-level cloud deck during SAFARI-2000, ACE-ASIA 2001, and SEAC4RS-2013 campaigns, respectively. The co-located satellite-airborne measurements revealed a good agreement (root-mean-square-error < 0.1) with most matchups falling within the estimated uncertainties associated the MODIS retrievals (about -10 % to +50 %). The co-retrieved cloud optical depth was comparable to that of the MODIS operational cloud product for ACE-ASIA and SEAC4RS, however, higher by 30%-50% for the SAFARI-2000 case study. The reason for this discrepancy could be attributed to the distinct aerosol optical properties encountered during respective campaigns. A brief discussion on the overall uncertainty in the satellite-based ACAOD retrieval is presented. Field experiments dedicated to the direct measurements of aerosols above cloud are needed for the extensive validation of satellite-based retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - FIELD experiments (Agriculture)
N1  - Accession Number: 116923075; Jethva, Hiren 1,2; Email Address: hiren.t.jethva@nasa.gov Torres, Omar 2; Email Address: omar.o.torres@nasa.gov Remer, Lorraine 3; Email Address: remer@umbc.edu Redemann, Jens 4; Email Address: jens.redemann-1@nasa.gov Livingston, John 5; Email Address: john.livingston@sri.com Dunagan, Stephen 4; Email Address: stephen.e.dunagan@nasa.gov Shinozuka, Yohei 6; Email Address: yohei.shinozuka@nasa.gov Kacenelenbogen, Meloe 6; Email Address: meloe.s.kacenelenbogen@nasa.gov Segal-Rosenheimer, Michal 6; Email Address: michal.segalrozenhaimer@nasa.gov Spurr, Rob 7; Email Address: rtsolutions@verizon.net; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044 USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA  3: University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA  6: NASA ARC-CREST, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: RT Solutions, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: FIELD experiments (Agriculture); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-178
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arneson, Heather
AU  - Dousse, Nicolas
AU  - Langbort, Cédric
T1  - A linear programming approach to routing control in networks of constrained nonlinear positive systems with concave flow rates.
JO  - Automatica
JF  - Automatica
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 68
M3  - Article
SP  - 357
EP  - 368
SN  - 00051098
AB  - We consider control design for positive compartmental systems in which each compartment’s outflow rate is described by a concave function of the amount of material in the compartment. We address the problem of determining the routing of material between compartments to satisfy time-varying state constraints while ensuring that material reaches its intended destination over a finite time horizon. We give sufficient conditions for the existence of a time-varying state-dependent routing strategy which ensures that the closed-loop system satisfies basic network properties of positivity, conservation and interconnection while ensuring that capacity constraints are satisfied, when possible, or adjusted if a solution cannot be found. These conditions are formulated as a linear programming problem. Instances of this linear programming problem can be solved iteratively to generate a solution to the finite horizon routing problem. Results are given for the application of this control design method to an example problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Automatica is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LINEAR programming
KW  - ROUTING (Computer network management)
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - TIME-varying systems
KW  - CLOSED loop systems
KW  - Control of networks
KW  - Controller constraints and structure
KW  - Linear programming
KW  - Positive systems
N1  - Accession Number: 114393825; Arneson, Heather 1; Email Address: heather.arneson@nasa.gov Dousse, Nicolas 2; Email Address: nicolas.dousse@epfl.ch Langbort, Cédric 3; Email Address: langbort@illinois.edu; Affiliation:  1: Aviation Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, PO Box 1/MS 210-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, United States  2: Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), EPFL-STI-IMT-LIS, Station 11, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland  3: Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 306 Talbot Lab/MC-236, 104 S. Wright St., Urbana, IL, 61801, United States; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 68, p357; Subject Term: LINEAR programming; Subject Term: ROUTING (Computer network management); Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: TIME-varying systems; Subject Term: CLOSED loop systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Control of networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Controller constraints and structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Linear programming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Positive systems; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.automatica.2016.01.067
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bergan, Andrew
AU  - Dávila, Carlos
AU  - Leone, Frank
AU  - Awerbuch, Jonathan
AU  - Tan, Tein-Min
T1  - A Mode I cohesive law characterization procedure for through-the-thickness crack propagation in composite laminates.
JO  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
JF  - Composites: Part B, Engineering
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 94
M3  - Article
SP  - 338
EP  - 349
SN  - 13598368
AB  - A method is proposed for the experimental characterization of through-the-thickness damage propagation in multidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates. The compact tension specimen configuration is used to propagate damage stably while load and full-field displacements are recorded. These measurements are used to compute the fracture toughness and crack opening displacement from which a trilinear cohesive law is characterized. The proposed method provides a means to extrapolate to steady-state such that the cohesive law is characterized completely and accurately, even when the test specimens used for the characterization are too small to reach steady-state crack propagation. The characterized cohesive law is demonstrated through a prediction of the structural response and fracture of a geometrically-scaled test specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites: Part B, Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
KW  - A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs)
KW  - B. Fracture toughness
KW  - C. Finite element analysis (FEA)
KW  - D. Mechanical testing
N1  - Accession Number: 114878411; Bergan, Andrew 1; Email Address: andrew.c.bergan@nasa.gov Dávila, Carlos 1; Email Address: carlos.g.davila@nasa.gov Leone, Frank 1; Email Address: frank.a.leone@nasa.gov Awerbuch, Jonathan 2; Email Address: awerbuch@coe.drexel.edu Tan, Tein-Min 2; Email Address: tantm@coe.drexel.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 94, p338; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Fracture toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: C. Finite element analysis (FEA); Author-Supplied Keyword: D. Mechanical testing; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.03.071
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ye Zhang
AU  - Tao Lu
AU  - Wong, Michael
AU  - Xiaoyu Wang
AU  - Stodieck, Louis
AU  - Karouia, Fathi
AU  - Story, Michael
AU  - Honglu Wu
T1  - Transient gene and microRNA expression profile changes of confluent human fibroblast cells in spaceflight.
JO  - FASEB Journal
JF  - FASEB Journal
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 2211
EP  - 2224
AB  - Microgravity, or an altered gravity environment different from the 1 g of the Earth, has been shown to influence global gene expression patterns and protein levels in cultured cells. However, most of the reported studies that have been conducted in space or by using simulated microgravity on the ground have focused on the growth or differentiation of these cells. It has not been specifically addressed whether nonproliferating cultured cells will sense the presence of microgravity in space. In an experiment conducted onboard the International Space Station, confluent human fibroblast cells were fixed after being cultured in space for 3 and 14 d, respectively, to investigate changes in gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles in these cells. Results of the experiment showed that on d 3, both the flown and ground cells were still proliferating slowly, as measured by the percentage of Ki-67+ cells. Gene and miRNA expression data indicated activation of NF-κB and other growth-related pathways that involve hepatocyte growth factor and VEGF as well as the down-regulation of the Let-7 miRNA family. On d 14, when the cells were mostly nonproliferating, the gene and miRNA expression profile of the flight sample was indistinguishable from that of the ground sample. Comparison of gene and miRNA expressions in the d 3 samples, with respect to d 14, revealed that most of the changes observed on d 3 were related to cell growth for both the flown and ground cells. Analysis of cytoskeletal changes viaimmunohistochemistry staining of the cells with antibodies for α-tubulin and fibronectin showed no difference between the flown and ground samples. Taken together, our study suggests that in true nondividing human fibroblast cells in culture, microgravity experienced in space has little effect on gene and miRNA expression profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of FASEB Journal is the property of Federation of American Society for Experimental Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - cell growth condition
KW  - microgravity
KW  - omics
N1  - Accession Number: 116600649; Ye Zhang 1,2,3 Tao Lu 1,4 Wong, Michael 1 Xiaoyu Wang 5 Stodieck, Louis 6 Karouia, Fathi 7,8 Story, Michael 5 Honglu Wu 1; Email Address: honglu.wu-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Houston, Texas, USA  2: Wyle Laboratories, Houston, Texas, USA  3: Kennedy Space Center, NASA, Cape Canaveral, Florida, USA  4: University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, USA  5: University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA  6: BioServe Space Technologies, Boulder, Colorado, USA  7: Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, California, USA  8: University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p2211; Author-Supplied Keyword: cell growth condition; Author-Supplied Keyword: microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: omics; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1096/fj.201500121
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leser, W P
AU  - Newman, J A
AU  - Hochhalter, J D
AU  - Gupta, V K
AU  - Yuan, F G
T1  - Embedded Ni-Ti particles for the detection of fatigue crack growth in AA7050.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 39
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 686
EP  - 695
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - A multi-functional aluminium alloy 7050 (AA7050) containing embedded Ni-Ti shape memory alloy particles to detect fatigue crack growth is proposed. The regions of intense strain near the tip of a growing fatigue crack cause nearby Ni-Ti particles to undergo a solid-state phase transformation from austenite to martensite, releasing a detectable acoustic emission signal that can be used to locate the crack in the monitored component. The AA7050/Ni-Ti composite was made by vacuum hot pressing Ni-Ti powder between rolled AA7050 plates. The effect of hot pressing temperature and subsequent heat treatments (solutionizing and peak ageing) on the Ni-Ti particles was studied. A successful proof-of-concept was demonstrated for AA7050 with embedded particles that emit a measureable and repeatable acoustic emission signal in the presence of a fatigue crack, allowing for quick diagnosis of fatigue crack damage in this material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - FATIGUE crack growth
KW  - ALUMINUM alloys
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on metals
KW  - acoustic emission
KW  - aluminium 7050
KW  - digital image correlation
KW  - fatigue
KW  - multi-functional
KW  - shape memory alloy
N1  - Accession Number: 114884461; Leser, W P 1 Newman, J A 1 Hochhalter, J D 1 Gupta, V K 2 Yuan, F G 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center  2: formerly National Institute of Aerospace  3: North Carolina State University  4: National Institute of Aerospace; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 39 Issue 6, p686; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: FATIGUE crack growth; Subject Term: ALUMINUM alloys; Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: acoustic emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: aluminium 7050; Author-Supplied Keyword: digital image correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: multi-functional; Author-Supplied Keyword: shape memory alloy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331317 Aluminum rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331314 Secondary Smelting and Alloying of Aluminum; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 2 Black and White Photographs, 7 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/ffe.12413
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114884461&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spear, A. D.
AU  - Hochhalter, J. D.
AU  - Cerrone, A. R.
AU  - Li, S. F.
AU  - Lind, J. F.
AU  - Suter, R. M.
AU  - Ingraffea, A. R.
T1  - A method to generate conformal finite-element meshes from 3D measurements of microstructurally small fatigue-crack propagation.
JO  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
JF  - Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 39
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 737
EP  - 751
SN  - 8756758X
AB  - In an effort to reproduce computationally the observed evolution of microstructurally small fatigue cracks (MSFCs), a method is presented for generating conformal, finite-element (FE), volume meshes from 3D measurements of MSFC propagation. The resulting volume meshes contain traction-free surfaces that conform to incrementally measured 3D crack shapes. Grain morphologies measured using near-field high-energy X-ray diffraction microscopy are also represented within the FE volume meshes. Proof-of-concept simulations are performed to demonstrate the utility of the mesh-generation method. The proof-of-concept simulations employ a crystal-plasticity constitutive model and are performed using the conformal FE meshes corresponding to successive crack-growth increments. Although the simulations for each crack increment are currently independent of one another, they need not be, and transfer of material-state information among successive crack-increment meshes is discussed. The mesh-generation method was developed using post-mortem measurements, yet it is general enough that it can be applied to in-situ measurements of 3D MSFC propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Research
KW  - FATIGUE cracks
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - aluminium
KW  - multiscale modelling
KW  - numerical simulation
KW  - short crack propagation
N1  - Accession Number: 114884468; Spear, A. D. 1 Hochhalter, J. D. 2 Cerrone, A. R. 3 Li, S. F. 4 Lind, J. F. 4 Suter, R. M. 5 Ingraffea, A. R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah  2: NASA Langley Research Center  3: GE Global Research Center  4: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  5: Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University  6: School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Cornell University; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 39 Issue 6, p737; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Research; Subject Term: FATIGUE cracks; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: aluminium; Author-Supplied Keyword: multiscale modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: numerical simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: short crack propagation; Number of Pages: 15p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/ffe.12449
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jackson, Andrew
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Böhlke, John Karl
AU  - Sturchio, Neil C.
AU  - Sevanthi, Ritesh
AU  - Estrada, Nubia
AU  - Brundrett, Maeghan
AU  - Lacelle, Denis
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Poghosyan, Armen
AU  - Pollard, Wayne
AU  - Zacny, Kris
T1  - Deposition, accumulation, and alteration of Cl−, NO3−, ClO4− and ClO3− salts in a hyper-arid polar environment: Mass balance and isotopic constraints.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 182
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 215
SN  - 00167037
AB  - The salt fraction in permafrost soils/sediments of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV) of Antarctica can be used as a proxy for cold desert geochemical processes and paleoclimate reconstruction. Previous analyses of the salt fraction in MDV permafrost soils have largely been conducted in coastal regions where permafrost soils are variably affected by aqueous processes and mixed inputs from marine and stratospheric sources. We expand upon this work by evaluating permafrost soil/sediments in University Valley, located in the ultraxerous zone where both liquid water transport and marine influences are minimal. We determined the abundances of Cl − , NO 3 − , ClO 4 − and ClO 3 − in dry and ice-cemented soil/sediments, snow and glacier ice, and also characterized Cl − and NO 3 − isotopically. The data are not consistent with salt deposition in a sublimation till, nor with nuclear weapon testing fall-out, and instead point to a dominantly stratospheric source and to varying degrees of post depositional transformation depending on the substrate, from minimal alteration in bare soils to significant alteration (photodegradation and/or volatilization) in snow and glacier ice. Ionic abundances in the dry permafrost layer indicate limited vertical transport under the current climate conditions, likely due to percolation of snowmelt. Subtle changes in ClO 4 − /NO 3 − ratios and NO 3 − isotopic composition with depth and location may reflect both transport related fractionation and depositional history. Low molar ratios of ClO 3 − /ClO 4 − in surface soils compared to deposition and other arid systems suggest significant post depositional loss of ClO 3 − , possibly due to reduction by iron minerals, which may have important implications for oxy-chlorine species on Mars. Salt accumulation varies with distance along the valley and apparent accumulation times based on multiple methods range from ∼10 to 30 kyr near the glacier to 70–200 kyr near the valley mouth. The relatively young age of the salts and relatively low and homogeneous anion concentrations in the ice-cemented sediments point to either a mechanism of recent salt removal, or to relatively modern permafrost soils (<1 million years). Together, our results show that near surface salts in University Valley serve as an end-member of stratospheric sources not subject to biological processes or extensive remobilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERMAFROST
KW  - CHLORATES
KW  - MASS budget (Geophysics)
KW  - PALEOCLIMATOLOGY
KW  - GEOCHEMISTRY
KW  - MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica)
N1  - Accession Number: 114754751; Jackson, Andrew 1 Davila, Alfonso F. 2 Böhlke, John Karl 3 Sturchio, Neil C. 4 Sevanthi, Ritesh 1 Estrada, Nubia 1 Brundrett, Maeghan 1 Lacelle, Denis 5 McKay, Christopher P. 6 Poghosyan, Armen 7 Pollard, Wayne 8 Zacny, Kris 9; Affiliation:  1: Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA  2: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: U.S. Geological Survey, 431 National Center, Reston, VA 20192, USA  4: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  5: Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia  8: Department of Geography, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada  9: Honeybee Robotics, 398 W Washington Blvd, Suite 200, Pasadena, CA 91103, Russia; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 182, p197; Subject Term: PERMAFROST; Subject Term: CHLORATES; Subject Term: MASS budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: PALEOCLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: GEOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: MCMURDO Dry Valleys (Antarctica); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.03.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114754751&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yellin-Bergovoy, Ron
AU  - Heifetz, Eyal
AU  - Umurhan, Orkan M.
T1  - On the mechanism of self gravitating Rossby interfacial waves in proto-stellar accretion discs.
JO  - Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics
JF  - Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 110
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 274
EP  - 294
SN  - 03091929
AB  - The dynamical response of edge waves under the influence of self-gravity is examined in an idealised two-dimensional model of a proto-stellar disc, characterised in steady state as a rotating vertically infinite cylinder of fluid with constant density except for a single density interface at some radius. The fluid in basic state is prescribed to rotate with a Keplerian profilemodified by some additional azimuthal sheared flow. A linear analysis shows that there are two azimuthally propagating edge waves, kin to the familiar Rossby waves and surface gravity waves in terrestrial studies, which move opposite to one another with respect to the local basic state rotation rate at the interface. Instability only occurs if the radial pressure gradient is opposite to that of the density jump (unstably stratified) where self-gravity acts as a wave stabiliser irrespective of the stratification of the system. The propagation properties of the waves are discussed in detail in the language of vorticity edge waves. The roles of both Boussinesq and non-Boussinesq effects upon the stability and propagation of these waves with and without the inclusion of self-gravity are then quantified. The dynamics involved with self-gravity non-Boussinesq effect is shown to be a source of vorticity production where there is a jump in the basic state density In addition, self-gravity also alters the dynamics via the radial main pressure gradient, which is a Boussinesq effect. Further applications of these mechanical insights are presented in the conclusion including the ways in which multiple density jumps or gaps may or may not be stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL waves
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - BOUSSINESQ equations
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - Protoplanetary accretion disc
KW  - Rossby wave instability
KW  - self gravity
KW  - vorticity waves
N1  - Accession Number: 114265096; Yellin-Bergovoy, Ron 1 Heifetz, Eyal 1 Umurhan, Orkan M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Division of Space Sciences, Planetary Systems Branch, Moffett Field, CA, USA.; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 110 Issue 3, p274; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL waves; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Subject Term: BOUSSINESQ equations; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protoplanetary accretion disc; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rossby wave instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: self gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: vorticity waves; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/03091929.2016.1158816
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114265096&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - D’Aversa, Emiliano
AU  - Capaccioni, Fabrizio
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Ciarniello, Mauro
AU  - Cerroni, Priscilla
AU  - Bellucci, Giancarlo
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Nicholson, Phillip D.
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - McCord, Thomas B.
AU  - Sotin, Christophe
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Dalle Ore, Cristina M.
T1  - Saturn’s icy satellites investigated by Cassini-VIMS. IV. Daytime temperature maps.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 271
M3  - Article
SP  - 292
EP  - 313
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The spectral position of the 3.6 µm continuum peak measured on Cassini-VIMS I/F spectra is used as a marker to infer the temperature of the regolith particles covering the surfaces of Saturn’s icy satellites. This feature is characterizing the crystalline water ice spectrum which is the dominant compositional endmember of the satellites’ surfaces. Laboratory measurements indicate that the position of the 3.6 μ m peak of pure water ice is temperature-dependent, shifting towards shorter wavelengths when the sample is cooled, from about 3.65 μ m at T =123 K to about 3.55 μ m at T =88 K. A similar method was already applied to VIMS Saturn’s rings mosaics to retrieve ring particles temperature (Filacchione, G., Ciarniello, M., Capaccioni, F., et al., 2014. Icarus , 241, 45-65). We report here about the daytime temperature variations observed on the icy satellites as derived from three different VIMS observation types: (a) a sample of 240 disk-integrated I/F observations of Saturn’s regular satellites collected by VIMS during years 2004–2011 with solar phase in the 20°–40° range, corresponding to late morning-early afternoon local times. This dataset is suitable to exploit the temperature variations at hemispherical scale, resulting in average temperature T <88 K for Mimas, T ≪88 K for Enceladus, T <88 K for Tethys, T =98–118 K for Dione, T =108–128 K for Rhea, T =118–128 K for Hyperion, T =128–148 and T > 168 K for Iapetus’ trailing and leading hemispheres, respectively. A typical ±5 K uncertainty is associated to the temperature retrieval. On Tethys and Dione, for which observations on both leading and trailing hemispheres are available, in average daytime temperatures higher of about 10 K on the trailing than on the leading hemisphere are inferred. (b) Satellites disk-resolved observations taken at 20–40 km pixel − 1 resolution are suitable to map daytime temperature variations across surfaces’ features, such as Enceladus’ tiger stripes and Tethys’ equatorial dark lens. These datasets allow to disentangle solar illumination conditions from temperature distribution when observing surface’s features with strong thermal contrast. (c) Daytime average maps covering large regions of the surfaces are used to compare the inferred temperature with geomorphological features (impact craters, chasmatae, equatorial radiation lenses and active areas) and albedo variations. Temperature maps are built by mining the complete VIMS dataset collected in years 2004–2009 (pre-equinox) and in 2009–2012 (post equinox) by selecting pixels with max 150 km pixel − 1 resolution. VIMS-derived temperature maps allow to identify thermal anomalies across the equatorial lens of Mimas and Tethys. A temperature T > 115K is measured above Enceladus’ Damascus and Alexandria sulci in the south pole region. VIMS has the sensitivity to follow seasonal temperature changes: on Tethys, Dione and Rhea higher temperature are measured above the south hemisphere during pre-equinox and above the north hemisphere during post-equinox epochs. The measured temperature distribution appears correlated with surface albedo features: in fact temperature increases on low albedo units located on Tethys, Dione and Rhea trailing hemispheres. The thermal anomaly region on Rhea’s Inktomi crater detected by CIRS (Howett, C. J. A., Spencer, J. R., Hurford, T., et al., 2014. Icarus , 241, 239–247) is confirmed by VIMS: this area appears colder with respect to surrounding terrains when observed at the same local solar time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - Ices
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Saturn
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - surfaces
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 113952503; Filacchione, Gianrico 1; Email Address: gianrico.filacchione@iaps.inaf.it D’Aversa, Emiliano 1 Capaccioni, Fabrizio 1 Clark, Roger N. 2 Cruikshank, Dale P. 3 Ciarniello, Mauro 1 Cerroni, Priscilla 1 Bellucci, Giancarlo 1 Brown, Robert H. 4 Buratti, Bonnie J. 5 Nicholson, Phillip D. 6 Jaumann, Ralf 7 McCord, Thomas B. 8 Sotin, Christophe 5 Stephan, Katrin 7 Dalle Ore, Cristina M. 3; Affiliation:  1: INAF-IAPS, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, Area di Ricerca di Tor Vergata, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00133 Rome, Italy  2: PSI Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Groove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  6: Cornell University, Astronomy Department, 418 Space Sciences Building, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  7: Institute for Planetary Exploration, DLR, Rutherfordstaße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany  8: The Bear Fight Institute, Winthrop, WA 98862, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 271, p292; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: surfaces; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
T1  - Time-Sampling Errors of Earth Radiation From Satellites: Theory for Monthly Mean Albedo.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 54
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 3107
EP  - 3115
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Earth Radiation Budget Experiment wide-field-of-view (WFOV) radiometers aboard the Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) provided a 15-year record of high-quality measurements for research into the radiant energy balance of the Earth. Monthly mean maps of RSR and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are primary data products from these measurements. The ERBS orbit had an inclination of 57° so as to precess through all local times every 72 days. Because of limited temporal sampling, some regions were not measured sufficiently often by the WFOV radiometers to produce accurate radiation flux values for these maps. The temporal sampling of any one region is very irregular; therefore, it is necessary to consider each region in detail for each month. An analysis of the errors, which result from computing the average value of the albedo of a region over a day or month based on limited sampling, is presented. It is necessary to take into account synoptic variations and their time correlations and differences of the regions' diurnal cycle from that assumed by the time-averaging algorithms. An expression is derived for the variance of the error of the computed daily and monthly mean albedo. Temporal correlation and variability of the albedo field are specified a priori. This analysis has been used for quality assurance to evaluate the temporal sampling errors of monthly mean RSR maps computed from the measurements by the WFOV radiometers aboard the ERBS and to delete those values for which the error variance is excessive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TERRESTRIAL radiation
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - IMAGE quality analysis
KW  - SAMPLING error (Statistics)
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - Correlation
KW  - Earth
KW  - Earth radiation budget
KW  - error analysis
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - Orbits
KW  - Radiometers
KW  - sampling errors
KW  - Sea measurements
KW  - Time measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 115133644; Smith, G. Louis 1 Wong, Takmeng 2; Affiliation:  1: , Science Systems Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  2: , Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 54 Issue 6, p3107; Subject Term: TERRESTRIAL radiation; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: IMAGE quality analysis; Subject Term: SAMPLING error (Statistics); Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth radiation budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: error analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: sampling errors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time measurement; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2503982
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115133644&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Telesman, J.
AU  - Gabb, T.P.
AU  - Ghosn, L.J.
AU  - Gayda, J.
T1  - Effect of notches on creep–fatigue behavior of a P/M nickel-based superalloy.
JO  - International Journal of Fatigue
JF  - International Journal of Fatigue
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 87
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 325
SN  - 01421123
AB  - A study was performed to determine and model the effect of high temperature dwells on notch low cycle fatigue (NLCF) and notch stress rupture behavior of a fine grain LSHR powder metallurgy (P/M) nickel-based superalloy. It was shown that a 90 second (s) dwell applied at the minimum stress (“min dwell”) was considerably more detrimental to the NLCF lives than similar dwell applied at the maximum stress (“max dwell”). The short min dwell NLCF lives were shown to be caused by growth of small oxide blisters which caused preferential cracking when coupled with high concentrated notch root stresses. The cyclic max dwell notch tests failed mostly by creep accumulation, not by fatigue, with the crack origin shifting internally to a substantial distance away from the notch root. The classical von Mises plastic flow model was unable to match the experimental results while the hydrostatic stress profile generated using the Drucker–Prager plasticity flow model was consistent with the experimental findings. The max dwell NLCF and notch stress rupture tests exhibited substantial creep notch strengthening. The triaxial Bridgman effective stress parameter was able to account, with some limitations, for the notch strengthening by collapsing the notch and uniform gage geometry test data into a singular grouping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Fatigue is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOTCH effect
KW  - METALS -- Creep
KW  - METALS -- Fatigue
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - Creep–fatigue
KW  - Dwell notch low cycle fatigue
KW  - Environmental degradation
KW  - Hydrostatic stress
KW  - Superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 114024112; Telesman, J. 1; Email Address: jack.telesman@grc.nasa.gov Gabb, T.P. 1 Ghosn, L.J. 1 Gayda, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 87, p311; Subject Term: NOTCH effect; Subject Term: METALS -- Creep; Subject Term: METALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep–fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dwell notch low cycle fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Environmental degradation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrostatic stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2016.01.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114024112&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pietrofesa, Ralph A.
AU  - Velalopoulou, Anastasia
AU  - Lehman, Stacey L.
AU  - Arguiri, Evguenia
AU  - Solomides, Pantelis
AU  - Koch, Cameron J.
AU  - Mishra, Om P.
AU  - Koumenis, Constantinos
AU  - Goodwin, Thomas J.
AU  - Christofidou-Solomidou, Melpo
T1  - Novel Double-Hit Model of Radiation and Hyperoxia-Induced Oxidative Cell Damage Relevant to Space Travel.
JO  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 17
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
SN  - 14220067
AB  - Spaceflight occasionally requires multiple extravehicular activities (EVA) that potentially subject astronauts to repeated changes in ambient oxygen superimposed on those of space radiation exposure. We thus developed a novel in vitro model system to test lung cell damage following repeated exposure to radiation and hyperoxia. Non-tumorigenic murine alveolar type II epithelial cells (C10) were exposed to >95% O2 for 8 h only (O2), 0.25 Gy ionizing-radiation (IR) only, or a double-hit combination of both challenges (O2 + IR) followed by 16 h of normoxia (ambient air containing 21% O2 and 5% CO2) (1 cycle = 24 h, 2 cycles = 48 h). Cell survival, DNA damage, apoptosis, and indicators of oxidative stress were evaluated after 1 and 2 cycles of exposure. We observed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in cell survival across all challenge conditions along with an increase in DNA damage, determined by Comet analysis and H2AX phosphorylation, and apoptosis, determined by Annexin-V staining, relative to cells unexposed to hyperoxia or radiation. DNA damage (GADD45 and cleaved-PARP), apoptotic (cleaved caspase-3 and BAX), and antioxidant (HO-1 and Nqo1) proteins were increased following radiation and hyperoxia exposure after 1 and 2 cycles of exposure. Importantly, exposure to combination challenge O2 + IR exacerbated cell death and DNA damage compared to individual exposures O2 or IR alone. Additionally levels of cell cycle proteins phospho-p53 and p21 were significantly increased, while levels of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 were decreased at both time points for all exposure groups. Similarly, proteins involved in cell cycle arrest was more profoundly changed with the combination challenges as compared to each stressor alone. These results correlate with a significant 4- to 6-fold increase in the ratio of cells in G2/G1 after 2 cycles of exposure to hyperoxic conditions. We have characterized a novel in vitro model of double-hit, low-level radiation and hyperoxia exposure that leads to oxidative lung cell injury, DNA damage, apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Molecular Sciences is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CELL cycle
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - HYPEROXIA
KW  - IONIZING radiation
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - ACTIVE oxygen
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - and space exploration
KW  - cell cycle
KW  - extravehicular activity
KW  - hyperoxia
KW  - ionizing radiation
KW  - lung cell injury
KW  - oxidative stress
KW  - reactive oxygen species
N1  - Accession Number: 116370462; Pietrofesa, Ralph A. 1; Email Address: ralphp@mail.med.upenn.edu Velalopoulou, Anastasia 1; Email Address: avela@mail.med.upenn.edu Lehman, Stacey L. 2; Email Address: staceylehman87@gmail.com Arguiri, Evguenia 1; Email Address: evguenia@mail.med.upenn.edu Solomides, Pantelis 1; Email Address: pantelis.solomides@temple.edu Koch, Cameron J. 2; Email Address: kochc@mail.med.upenn.edu Mishra, Om P. 1; Email Address: mishra.o@gmail.com Koumenis, Constantinos 2; Email Address: costas.Koumenis@uphs.upenn.edu Goodwin, Thomas J. 3; Email Address: tgoodwin3@comcast.net Christofidou-Solomidou, Melpo 1; Email Address: melpo@mail.med.upenn.edu; Affiliation:  1: Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and the Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 3450 Hamilton Walk, Edward J. Stemmler Hall 2nd Floor, Office Suite 227, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA  2: Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA  3: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: CELL cycle; Subject Term: DNA damage; Subject Term: HYPEROXIA; Subject Term: IONIZING radiation; Subject Term: OXIDATIVE stress; Subject Term: ACTIVE oxygen; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: and space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: cell cycle; Author-Supplied Keyword: extravehicular activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: hyperoxia; Author-Supplied Keyword: ionizing radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: lung cell injury; Author-Supplied Keyword: oxidative stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: reactive oxygen species; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 23p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/ijms17060953
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kundan, Akshay
AU  - Nguyen, Thao T.T.
AU  - Plawsky, Joel L.
AU  - Jr.Wayner, Peter C.
AU  - Chao, David F.
AU  - Sicker, Ronald J.
T1  - Arresting the phenomenon of heater flooding in a wickless heat pipe in microgravity.
JO  - International Journal of Multiphase Flow
JF  - International Journal of Multiphase Flow
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 82
M3  - Article
SP  - 65
EP  - 73
SN  - 03019322
AB  - The Constrained Vapor Bubble (CVB) is a transparent, wickless heat pipe experiment carried out in the US Labs of the International Space Station (ISS). Experiments were carried out using the 40 mm CVB, 3 mm× 3 mm in cross-section, pentane as the working fluid, with the power inputs of up to 3 W. Due to the low Bond number (Bo) in microgravity and materials of construction, the CVB system was ideally suited to determine the contribution of the Marangoni forces toward the limiting heat pipe performance, and the transparent quartz shows exactly how that limitation occurs. Previous literature models and experimental temperature and pressure measurements suggested that at high enough temperature gradients, the working fluid should be subjected to enough Marangoni force to force it away from the heater and ultimately, dry out the hot end. The CVB experiment shows that high temperature gradients lead to a totally opposite behavior, i.e., ‘flooding’ of the heated end. Flooding of the heater end is attributed to a competition between Marangoni-induced flow due to high temperature gradients at the heater end and capillary return flow from the cooler. This creates a thick liquid layer in the corner of the cuvette at the heater end. At the point of flow balance, a thick layer of liquid is observed on the flat surface of the quartz cuvette. This is defined as the central drop. The region from the top of the heater end to the central drop is referred to as the interfacial flow region. The interfacial flow region develops at a power input of around 0.7 W, and increases in length to the power input of 2 W. At 2 W, the strength of the Marangoni forces saturate. As a result, the forces in the flooded interfacial region are not able to push the liquid further into the capillary region and a further penetration of liquid down the axis of the heat pipe is arrested. As the power input is increased to nearly 3 W, an increase in the vapor space is observed near the heater end at 3 W. This behavior suggests that the flooding might just be an intermediate stage in reaching the dry-out limitation. The flat quartz surface at the hot end is covered by a wavy thin liquid film due to the interfacial forces. The hot end region closest to the heater is a superheated vapor region that leads to the condensation. This additional observation is discussed in Appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Multiphase Flow is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - HEATING
KW  - BOND number (Chemistry)
KW  - Capillary pressure gradient
KW  - Dry-out, flooding
KW  - Heat pipe
KW  - Marangoni flow
KW  - Performance limitation
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 114394219; Kundan, Akshay 1; Email Address: akshaykundan@gmail.com Nguyen, Thao T.T. 1; Email Address: nguyen.thaoche@gmail.com Plawsky, Joel L. 1; Email Address: plawsky@rpi.edu Jr.Wayner, Peter C. 1; Email Address: wayner@rpi.edu Chao, David F. 2; Email Address: David.F.Chao@grc.nasa.gov Sicker, Ronald J. 2; Email Address: Ronald.J.Sicker@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135 United States; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 82, p65; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: HEATING; Subject Term: BOND number (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Capillary pressure gradient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dry-out, flooding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat pipe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Marangoni flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Performance limitation; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.02.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shean, David E.
AU  - Alexandrov, Oleg
AU  - Moratto, Zachary M.
AU  - Smith, Benjamin E.
AU  - Joughin, Ian R.
AU  - Porter, Claire
AU  - Morin, Paul
T1  - An automated, open-source pipeline for mass production of digital elevation models (DEMs) from very-high-resolution commercial stereo satellite imagery.
JO  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
JF  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 116
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 117
SN  - 09242716
AB  - We adapted the automated, open source NASA Ames Stereo Pipeline (ASP) to generate digital elevation models (DEMs) and orthoimages from very-high-resolution (VHR) commercial imagery of the Earth. These modifications include support for rigorous and rational polynomial coefficient (RPC) sensor models, sensor geometry correction, bundle adjustment, point cloud co-registration, and significant improvements to the ASP code base. We outline a processing workflow for ∼0.5 m ground sample distance (GSD) DigitalGlobe WorldView-1 and WorldView-2 along-track stereo image data, with an overview of ASP capabilities, an evaluation of ASP correlator options, benchmark test results, and two case studies of DEM accuracy. Output DEM products are posted at ∼2 m with direct geolocation accuracy of <5.0 m CE90/LE90. An automated iterative closest-point (ICP) co-registration tool reduces absolute vertical and horizontal error to <0.5 m where appropriate ground-control data are available, with observed standard deviation of ∼0.1–0.5 m for overlapping, co-registered DEMs ( n = 14, 17). While ASP can be used to process individual stereo pairs on a local workstation, the methods presented here were developed for large-scale batch processing in a high-performance computing environment. We are leveraging these resources to produce dense time series and regional mosaics for the Earth’s polar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIGITAL elevation models
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - HIGH resolution imaging
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - IMAGE registration
KW  - Cryosphere
KW  - Ice sheet
KW  - Photogrammetry
KW  - Stereo reconstruction
KW  - Topography
KW  - WorldView
N1  - Accession Number: 114313053; Shean, David E. 1; Email Address: dshean@uw.edu Alexandrov, Oleg 2 Moratto, Zachary M. 2 Smith, Benjamin E. 1 Joughin, Ian R. 1 Porter, Claire 3 Morin, Paul 3; Affiliation:  1: Polar Science Center, Applied Physics Lab, University of Washington, Box 355640, 1013 NE 40th St., Seattle, WA 98105, USA  2: Intelligent Robotics Group, NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 269-3, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Polar Geospatial Center, University of Minnesota, R280 Learning & Environmental Sciences, 1954 Buford Ave, St Paul, MN 55108, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 116, p101; Subject Term: DIGITAL elevation models; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Subject Term: HIGH resolution imaging; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Subject Term: IMAGE registration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice sheet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photogrammetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stereo reconstruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Topography; Author-Supplied Keyword: WorldView; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.03.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ortega, Ivan
AU  - Berg, Larry K.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Hair, Johnathan W.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Volkamer, Rainer
T1  - Elevated aerosol layers modify the O2–O2 absorption measured by ground-based MAX-DOAS.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 176
M3  - Article
SP  - 34
EP  - 49
SN  - 00224073
AB  - The oxygen collisional complex (O 2 –O 2 , or O 4 ) is a greenhouse gas, and a calibration trace gas used to infer aerosol and cloud properties by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS). Recent reports suggest the need for an O 4 correction factor (CF O4 ) when comparing simulated and measured O 4 differential slant column densities (dSCD) by passive DOAS. We investigate the sensitivity of O 4 dSCD simulations at ultraviolet (360 nm) and visible (477 nm) wavelengths towards separately measured aerosol extinction profiles. Measurements were conducted by the University of Colorado 2D-MAX-DOAS instrument and NASA׳s multispectral High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) during the Two Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) at Cape Cod, MA in July 2012. During two case study days with (1) high aerosol load (17 July, AOD~0.35 at 477 nm), and (2) near molecular scattering conditions (22 July, AOD<0.10 at 477 nm) the measured and calculated O 4 dSCDs agreed within 6.4±0.4% (360 nm) and 4.7±0.6% (477 nm) if the HSRL-2 profiles were used as input to the calculations. However, if in the calculations the aerosol is confined to the surface layer (while keeping AOD constant) we find 0.53<CF O4 <0.75, similar to previously reported CF O4 . Our results suggest that elevated aerosol layers, unless accounted for, can cause negative bias in the simulated O 4 dSCDs that can explain CF O4 . The air density and aerosol profile aloft needs to be taken into account when interpreting the O 4 from ground-based MAX-DOAS. Opportunities to identify and better characterize these elevated layers are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - OXYGEN
KW  - Aerosol extinction profiles
KW  - DOAS
KW  - Elevated aerosol layers
KW  - O 4 correction factor (CF O4 )
KW  - Oxygen collisional complex (O 4 )
N1  - Accession Number: 114024219; Ortega, Ivan 1,2 Berg, Larry K. 3 Ferrare, Richard A. 4 Hair, Johnathan W. 4 Hostetler, Chris A. 4 Volkamer, Rainer 1,2; Email Address: rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA  3: Pacific North West National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 176, p34; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: OXYGEN; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol extinction profiles; Author-Supplied Keyword: DOAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elevated aerosol layers; Author-Supplied Keyword: O 4 correction factor (CF O4 ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen collisional complex (O 4 ); NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.02.021
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, Xiaoxia
AU  - Monk, Joshua
AU  - Singh, Ramesh
AU  - Hung, Francisco R.
T1  - Molecular modelling of ionic liquids in the ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-5.
JO  - Molecular Simulation
JF  - Molecular Simulation
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 42
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 753
EP  - 763
SN  - 08927022
AB  - We performed classical molecular dynamics simulations of the ionic liquids (ILs) [dmim+][Cl−] and [emim+][NTf2−], confined in a model CMK-5 material, which consists of amorphous carbon nanopipes (ACNPs) arranged in a hexagonal array. We compare our findings against the behaviour of the same ILs inside an isolated ACNP (i.e. no IL adsorbed on the outer surface of the ACNP) and inside a model CMK-3 material (which is similar to CMK-5, but is formed by amorphous carbon nanorods). Our results indicate that the presence of IL adsorbed in the outer surface of an uncharged ACNP in CMK-5 affects the dynamics and the density of an IL adsorbed inside the ACNP and vice versa. ILs adsorbed outside the nanopipes in CMK-5 (i.e. with IL also adsorbed inside the nanopipes) have faster dynamics and remain closer to the carbon surfaces when compared to the same ILs adsorbed on CMK-3 materials. The trends are IL-specific: [dmim+][Cl−] has slower dynamics when inside an isolated ACNP than when inside the ACNPs in CMK-5, but in contrast, [emim+][NTf2−] moves faster when it is inside an isolated ACNP than when it is inside the ACNPs in CMK-5 (i.e. with IL adsorbed outside the nanopipes). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Molecular Simulation is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONIC liquids
KW  - MOLECULAR models
KW  - MESOPOROUS materials
KW  - CARBON
KW  - MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - CMK-5
KW  - Ionic liquid
KW  - molecular dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 114016117; He, Xiaoxia 1 Monk, Joshua 1,2 Singh, Ramesh 1 Hung, Francisco R. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Cain Department of Chemical Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA  2: Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  3: Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 42 Issue 9, p753; Subject Term: IONIC liquids; Subject Term: MOLECULAR models; Subject Term: MESOPOROUS materials; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: MOLECULAR dynamics -- Simulation methods; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMK-5; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ionic liquid; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular dynamics; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/08927022.2015.1089992
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dill, Evan T.
AU  - Uijt de Haag, Maarten
T1  - 3D Multi-Copter Navigation and Mapping Using GPS, Inertial, and LiDAR.
JO  - Navigation (0028-1522)
JF  - Navigation (0028-1522)
Y1  - 2016///Summer2016
VL  - 63
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 205
EP  - 220
SN  - 00281522
AB  - As the use of unmanned aerial vehicles has become more prevalent, the need for a reliable three-dimensional positioning and navigation capability is required to enable operation in challenging environments where the Global Positioning System (GPS) may not be available. For many of these environments, there may not be one particular method to solve the positioning navigation problem. Therefore, we have selected a set of dissimilar sensor technologies and implemented an integrated navigation method that can support reliable operation in an outdoor and structured indoor environment. The integrated navigation design is based on three types of sensors: a GPS receiver, an inertial measurement unit, and three laser scanners. This paper will show that decimeter-level relative positioning accuracies can be achieved for structured indoor operations and that when segments are included where GPS is available, the platform's trajectory is globally anchored with meter-level accuracy. A secondary goal of the proposed method is the generation of a three-dimensional map of the environment. Copyright © 2016 Institute of Navigation Copyright © 2016 Institute of Navigation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Navigation (0028-1522) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - OPTICAL scanners
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
KW  - DEPTH maps (Digital image processing)
N1  - Accession Number: 116396144; Dill, Evan T. 1 Uijt de Haag, Maarten 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center  2: Ohio University; Source Info: Summer2016, Vol. 63 Issue 2, p205; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Subject Term: OPTICAL scanners; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; Subject Term: DEPTH maps (Digital image processing); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334110 Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/navi.134
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Doss, Jereme R.
AU  - Shanahan, Michelle H.
AU  - Wohl, Christopher J.
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of urethane co-oligomers containing pendant fluoroalkyl ether groups.
JO  - Progress in Organic Coatings
JF  - Progress in Organic Coatings
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 95
M3  - Article
SP  - 72
EP  - 78
SN  - 03009440
AB  - Coatings with the ability to minimize adhesion of insect residue and other debris are of great interest for future aircraft. These aircraft will exhibit increased fuel efficiency by maintaining natural laminar flow over greater wing chord distances. Successful coatings will mitigate the adhesion of debris on laminar flow surfaces that could cause a premature transition to turbulent flow. The use of surface modifying agents (SMA) that thermodynamically orient towards the air side of a coating can provide specific surface chemistry that may lead to a reduction of contaminate adhesion. Aluminum surfaces coated with urethane co-oligomers containing various amounts of pendant fluoroalkyl ether groups were prepared, characterized and tested for their abhesive properties. The coated surfaces were subjected to controlled impacts with wingless fruit flies ( drosophila melanogaster ) using both a benchtop wind tunnel and a larger-scale wind tunnel test facility. Insect impacts were recorded and analyzed using high-speed digital photography and the remaining residues characterized using optical surface profilometry and compared to that of an aluminum control. It was determined that using fluorinated oligomers to chemically modify coating surfaces altered the adhesion properties relative to the adhesion of insect residues to the surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Progress in Organic Coatings is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OLIGOMERIZATION
KW  - FLUOROALKYL group
KW  - URETHANE
KW  - ALKYL ethers
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - SURFACE coatings
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - Adhesion
KW  - Coating
KW  - Surface modifying agent
KW  - Urethane
N1  - Accession Number: 114392922; Doss, Jereme R. 1; Email Address: Jereme.doss@te.com Shanahan, Michelle H. 1 Wohl, Christopher J. 2 Connell, John W. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666-6147, United States  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, United States; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 95, p72; Subject Term: OLIGOMERIZATION; Subject Term: FLUOROALKYL group; Subject Term: URETHANE; Subject Term: ALKYL ethers; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Subject Term: SURFACE coatings; Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coating; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface modifying agent; Author-Supplied Keyword: Urethane; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325510 Paint and Coating Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2016.02.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kai Yan
AU  - Taejin Park
AU  - Guangjian Yan
AU  - Zhao Liu
AU  - Bin Yang
AU  - Chi Chen
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Yuri Knyazikhin
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Evaluation of MODIS LAI/FPAR Product Collection 6. Part 2: Validation and Intercomparison.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 8
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 26
SN  - 20724292
AB  - The aim of this paper is to assess the latest version of the MODIS LAI/FPAR product (MOD15A2H), namely Collection 6 (C6). We comprehensively evaluate this product through three approaches: validation with field measurements, intercomparison with other LAI/FPAR products and comparison with climate variables. Comparisons between ground measurements and C6, as well as C5 LAI/FPAR indicate: (1) MODIS LAI is closer to true LAI than effective LAI; (2) the C6 product is considerably better than C5 with RMSE decreasing from 0.80 down to 0.66; (3) both C5 and C6 products overestimate FPAR over sparsely-vegetated areas. Intercomparisons with three existing global LAI/FPAR products (GLASS, CYCLOPES and GEOV1) are carried out at site, continental and global scales. MODIS and GLASS (CYCLOPES and GEOV1) agree better with each other. This is expected because the surface reflectances, from which these products were derived, were obtained from the same instrument. Considering all biome types, the RMSE of LAI (FPAR) derived from any two products ranges between 0.36 (0.05) and 0.56 (0.09). Temporal comparisons over seven sites for the 2001-2004 period indicate that all products properly capture the seasonality in different biomes, except evergreen broadleaf forests, where infrequent observations due to cloud contamination induce unrealistic variations. Thirteen years of C6 LAI, temperature and precipitation time series data are used to assess the degree of correspondence between their variations. The statistically-significant associations between C6 LAI and climate variables indicate that C6 LAI has the potential to provide reliable biophysical information about the land surface when diagnosing climate-driven vegetation responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - LEAF area index
KW  - BIOMES
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - Collection 6
KW  - evaluation
KW  - Fraction of Photosynthetically-Active Radiation (FPAR)
KW  - intercomparison
KW  - Leaf Area Index (LAI)
KW  - MODIS
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 116393057; Kai Yan 1,2; Email Address: kaiyan.earthscience@gmail.com Taejin Park 2; Email Address: taejin1392@gmail.com Guangjian Yan 1; Email Address: gjyan@bnu.edu.cn Zhao Liu 2; Email Address: liuzhaofairy@gmail.com Bin Yang 2,3; Email Address: ybjason@bu.edu Chi Chen 2; Email Address: chenchi@bu.edu Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 4; Email Address: rama.nemani@nasa.gov Yuri Knyazikhin 2; Email Address: jknjazi@bu.edu Myneni, Ranga B. 2; Email Address: ranga.myneni@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: School of Geography, State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China  2: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA  3: Beijing Key Lab of Spatial Information Integration and Its Applications, Institute of RS and GIS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  4: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 8 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: LEAF area index; Subject Term: BIOMES; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Collection 6; Author-Supplied Keyword: evaluation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fraction of Photosynthetically-Active Radiation (FPAR); Author-Supplied Keyword: intercomparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leaf Area Index (LAI); Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs8060460
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116393057&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aurisicchio, Marco
AU  - Bracewell, Rob
AU  - Hooey, Becky L.
T1  - Rationale mapping and functional modelling enhanced root cause analysis.
JO  - Safety Science
JF  - Safety Science
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 85
M3  - Article
SP  - 241
EP  - 257
SN  - 09257535
AB  - Objective The process of understanding the causes of adverse events associated with complex engineered systems can be time consuming and expensive. It often requires substantial human and physical resources ranging from a few engineers up to multiple teams of domain specialists from collaborating organisations. The research presented in this article aims to provide more effective support to the analysts involved in root cause analysis (RCA) by exploring the combined application of the Issue Based Information System (IBIS) and the Function Analysis Diagram (FAD) methods. The first method (IBIS) introduces the concept of argument-based rationale for explicit justification of the nodes of a cause–effect chain as well as of redesign decisions, while the second method (FAD) introduces the notion of structure-dependent functional modelling of complex systems in normal and failure states. Method Causation data from publicly available technical reports of the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster was reverse-engineered using a root cause analysis approach based on the IBIS and FAD notations. IBIS and FAD were implemented using a free and open source software tool known as designVUE. The approach was evaluated by comparing it to a method for root cause analysis widely used in industry and assessing how it satisfies generic requirements for root cause analysis. Results The results show that the proposed IBIS-FAD approach provides a rich description of the causes for an accident presented in a manner that facilitates information access and understanding. The IBIS notation allowed for explicit modelling of the reasons supporting or refuting failure hypotheses along with evidence. The FAD notation provided a clear and concise method to visualise the complex set of non-linear interactions leading to the failure of a system by annotating graphical schematics of the design with the functions exchanged between its components. Finally, the results show that the approach supports the capture and justification of redesign decisions and ties them to initiating problems in a way that promotes the prevention of accident re-occurrence. Conclusions Argument-based rationale with IBIS and FAD-style functional modelling are powerful concepts to extend the tool set available to support the root cause analysis process. The approach proposed in this article provides a unique tool that would be of value to academics, practitioners, and regulators concerned with root cause analysis and opportunities to improve the process of understanding adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Safety Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROOT cause analysis
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - ADVERSE health care events
KW  - OPEN source software
KW  - DATA mapping
KW  - Argument-based rationale
KW  - Function Analysis Diagram (FAD)
KW  - Functional modelling
KW  - Issue Based Information System (IBIS)
KW  - Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
KW  - Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
N1  - Accession Number: 113579182; Aurisicchio, Marco 1; Email Address: m.aurisicchio@imperial.ac.uk Bracewell, Rob 2; Email Address: rob.bracewell2@rolls-royce.com Hooey, Becky L. 3; Email Address: becky.l.hooey@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Design Engineering Group, Mechanical Engineering Department, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom  2: Rolls-Royce, Derby, United Kingdom  3: San Jose State University at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 85, p241; Subject Term: ROOT cause analysis; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: ADVERSE health care events; Subject Term: OPEN source software; Subject Term: DATA mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Argument-based rationale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Function Analysis Diagram (FAD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Issue Based Information System (IBIS); Author-Supplied Keyword: Root Cause Analysis (RCA); Author-Supplied Keyword: Space Shuttle Challenger disaster; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssci.2015.12.022
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - De Luca, Mario
AU  - Abbondati, Francesco
AU  - Yager, Thomas J.
AU  - Dell’Acqua, Gianluca
T1  - Field measurements on runway friction decay related to rubber deposits.
JO  - Transport (16484142)
JF  - Transport (16484142)
Y1  - 2016/06//
VL  - 31
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 182
SN  - 16484142
AB  - Surfaces of airport pavements are subject to contamination that can be very dangerous for the movement of aircraft particularly on the runway. A recurrent problem is represented by the deposits of vulcanized rubber of aircraft tires in the touchdown area during landings and lesser during take-offs. This causes a loss of grip that compromises the safety of aircraft movements in take-off and landing operations. This study deals with the surface characteristics decay phenomenon related to contamination from rubber deposits. The experiment was conducted by correlating the pavement surface characteristics, as detected by Grip Tester, to air traffic before and after de-rubberizing operation and two models were constructed for the assessment of functional capacity of the runway before and after the operations de-rubberizing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Transport (16484142) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RUNWAYS (Aeronautics)
KW  - FRICTION
KW  - PAVEMENTS
KW  - LANDING (Aeronautics)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Takeoff
KW  - airport
KW  - airport pavement management system
KW  - decay curve
KW  - friction
KW  - grip number
KW  - rubber deposits
KW  - runway
N1  - Accession Number: 116464366; De Luca, Mario 1 Abbondati, Francesco 1 Yager, Thomas J. 2 Dell’Acqua, Gianluca 1; Affiliation:  1: Dept of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Italy  2: Langley Research Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), United States; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 31 Issue 2, p177; Subject Term: RUNWAYS (Aeronautics); Subject Term: FRICTION; Subject Term: PAVEMENTS; Subject Term: LANDING (Aeronautics); Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Takeoff; Author-Supplied Keyword: airport; Author-Supplied Keyword: airport pavement management system; Author-Supplied Keyword: decay curve; Author-Supplied Keyword: friction; Author-Supplied Keyword: grip number; Author-Supplied Keyword: rubber deposits; Author-Supplied Keyword: runway; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237310 Highway, Street, and Bridge Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238990 All Other Specialty Trade Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3846/16484142.2016.1192062
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116464366&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hendry, J. H.
AU  - Niwa, O.
AU  - Barcellos-Hoff, M. H.
AU  - Globus, R. K.
AU  - Harrison, J. D.
AU  - Martin, M. T.
AU  - Seed, T. M.
AU  - Shay, J. W.
AU  - Story, M. D.
AU  - Suzuki, K.
AU  - Yamashita, S.
T1  - ICRP Publication 131: Stem cell biology with respect to carcinogenesis aspects of radiological protection.
JO  - Annals of the ICRP
JF  - Annals of the ICRP
Y1  - 2016/06/02/2016 Supplement
VL  - 45
M3  - journal article
SP  - 239
EP  - 252
SN  - 01466453
AB  - Current knowledge of stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in 'niches', and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is reviewed regarding haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. The identity of the target cells for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive and mostly quiescent stem cell population (able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy), and, in a few tissues, to daughter progenitor cells. Several biological processes could contribute to the protection of stem cells from mutation accumulation: (1) accurate DNA repair; (2) rapid induced death of injured stem cells; (3) retention of the intact parental strand during divisions in some tissues so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells; and (4) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the vital niche. DNA repair mainly operates within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell replications and competition require weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. This foundation is used to provide a biological insight to protection issues including the linear-non-threshold and relative risk models, differences in cancer risk between tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annals of the ICRP is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STEM cells
KW  - CARCINOGENESIS
KW  - RADIATION -- Safety measures
KW  - DNA repair
KW  - Carcinogenesis
KW  - Mutations
KW  - Radiation risk
KW  - Radiobiology
KW  - Stem cells
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Commission on Radiological Protection
N1  - Accession Number: 115288231; Hendry, J. H. 1; Email Address: jhendry2002uk@yahoo.com Niwa, O. 2 Barcellos-Hoff, M. H. 3 Globus, R. K. 4 Harrison, J. D. 5 Martin, M. T. 6 Seed, T. M. 7 Shay, J. W. 8 Story, M. D. 9 Suzuki, K. 9 Yamashita, S. 9; Affiliation:  1: Christie Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK  2: Fukushima Medical University and Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Japan  3: Radiation Oncology and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, USA  4: Bone and Signaling Laboratory, Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, USA  5: Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Health Protection Directorate, Public Health England, UK  6: Laboratoire de Genomique et Radiobiologie de la Kertinopoiese, CEA, France  7: Tech Micro Services Co., USA  8: Radiation Oncology, Simmons Cancer Center, University of Texas, Southwestern Medical Center, USA  9: Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Japan; Source Info: 2016 Supplement, Vol. 45, p239; Subject Term: STEM cells; Subject Term: CARCINOGENESIS; Subject Term: RADIATION -- Safety measures; Subject Term: DNA repair; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carcinogenesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mutations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation risk; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stem cells; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Commission on Radiological Protection; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: journal article; Full Text Word Count: 6232
L3  - 10.1177/0146645315621849
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115288231&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Nishikawa, Hiroaki
T1  - High-order shock-capturing hyperbolic residual-distribution schemes on irregular triangular grids.
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2016/06/05/
VL  - 131
M3  - Article
SP  - 29
EP  - 44
SN  - 00457930
AB  - In this paper, we construct second- and third-order non-oscillatory shock-capturing hyperbolic residual-distribution schemes for irregular triangular grids, extending the schemes developed in J. Comput. Phys., 300 (2015), 455–491 to discontinuous problems. We present extended first-order N- and Rusanov-scheme formulations for a hyperbolic advection-diffusion system, and demonstrate that the hyperbolic diffusion term does not have any adverse effect on the solution of inviscid problems for a vanishingly small viscous coefficient. We then construct second- and third-order non-oscillatory hyperbolic residual-distribution schemes by blending the non-monotone second- and third-order schemes with the extended first-order schemes as typically done in the residual-distribution schemes, and examine them for discontinuous problems on irregular triangular grids. We also propose to use the Rusanov scheme to avoid non-physical shocks in combination with an improved characteristics-based nonlinear wave sensor for detecting shocks, compression, and expansion regions. We then verify the design order of accuracy of these blended schemes on irregular triangular grids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - NONLINEAR waves
KW  - SURFACE acoustic wave sensors
KW  - INVISCID flow
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - Blended schemes
KW  - Entropy fix
KW  - High order
KW  - Hyperbolic residual distribution
KW  - Shock capturing
KW  - Shock sensor
N1  - Accession Number: 114496663; Mazaheri, Alireza 1; Email Address: alireza.mazaheri@nasa.gov Nishikawa, Hiroaki 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 131, p29; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: NONLINEAR waves; Subject Term: SURFACE acoustic wave sensors; Subject Term: INVISCID flow; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blended schemes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy fix; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperbolic residual distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock capturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock sensor; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2016.03.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114496663&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S. K. Leggett
AU  - P. Tremblin
AU  - D. Saumon
AU  - M. S. Marley
AU  - Caroline V. Morley
AU  - D. S. Amundsen
AU  - I. Baraffe
AU  - G. Chabrier
T1  - NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF THE Y0 WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 AND THE Y1 WISE J035000.32–565830.2: THE IMPORTANCE OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM CHEMISTRY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/06/10/
VL  - 824
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present new near-infrared spectra, obtained at Gemini Observatory, for two Y dwarfs: WISE J035000.32−565830.2 (W0350) and WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 (W1738). A FLAMINGOS-2 R = 540 spectrum was obtained for W0350, covering , and a cross-dispersed Gemini near-infrared spectrograph R = 2800 spectrum was obtained for W1738, covering 0.993–1.087 μm, 1.191–1.305 μm, 1.589–1.631 μm, and 1.985–2.175 μm, in four orders. We also present revised YJH photometry for W1738, using new NIRI Y and J imaging, and a re-analysis of the previously published NIRI H-band images. We compare these data, together with previously published data for late-T and Y dwarfs, to cloud-free models of solar metallicity, calculated both in chemical equilibrium and with disequilibrium driven by vertical transport. We find that for the Y dwarfs, the non-equilibrium models reproduce the near-infrared data better than the equilibrium models. The remaining discrepancies suggest that fine-tuning the CH4/CO and NH3/N2 balance is needed. Improved trigonometric parallaxes would improve the analysis. Despite the uncertainties and discrepancies, the models reproduce the observed near-infrared spectra well. We find that for the Y0, W1738, , and log , and for the Y1, W0350, , and log . W1738 may be metal-rich. Based on evolutionary models, these temperatures and gravities correspond to a mass range for both Y dwarfs of 3–9 Jupiter masses, with W0350 being a cooler, slightly older, version of W1738; the age of W0350 is 0.3–3 Gyr, and the age of W1738 is 0.15–1 Gyr. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - NON-equilibrium reactions
KW  - OBSERVATORIES
KW  - MOLECULAR astrophysics
N1  - Accession Number: 116114803; S. K. Leggett 1; Email Address: sleggett@gemini.edu P. Tremblin 2,3 D. Saumon 4 M. S. Marley 5 Caroline V. Morley 6 D. S. Amundsen 3 I. Baraffe 3,7 G. Chabrier 3,7; Affiliation:  1: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  2: Maison de la Simulation, CEA-CNRS-INRIA-UPS-UVSQ, USR 3441, Centre d’étude de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France  3: Astrophysics Group, University of Exeter, EX4 4QL Exeter, UK  4: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  7: Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, CRAL, UMR CNRS 5574, F-69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France; Source Info: 6/10/2016, Vol. 824 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: NON-equilibrium reactions; Subject Term: OBSERVATORIES; Subject Term: MOLECULAR astrophysics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 712110 Museums; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/824/1/2
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116114803&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Osipov, V. V.
AU  - Marchenko, M. P.
AU  - Khasin, M.
T1  - Radiation-stimulated explosive evaporation and burning of hydrogen droplets in hot aerosol mixtures.
JO  - Applied Physics Letters
JF  - Applied Physics Letters
Y1  - 2016/06/13/
VL  - 108
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 00036951
AB  - We present results of analytical and numerical investigation of explosive evaporation and burning scenarios of hydrogen droplets in hydrogen/oxygen aerosols. The following two scenarios have been elucidated. The first scenario, corresponding to sufficiently large droplets, is characterized by three stages: (i) an essentially homogeneous heating of a droplet to a near-critical temperature by IR radiation from the hot gas; (ii) explosive evaporation; and (iii) burning of hydrogen cloud formed by evaporation. The second scenario, corresponding to small droplets, differs in that a droplet is heated mainly by thermal conduction from the hot gas. The heating is accompanied by evaporation which can become explosive at the final stage of evaporation. The crossover droplet size separating the two scenarios is calculated. Conservative finite-difference numerical analysis is used to explore the predicted scenarios and verify analytical estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Physics Letters is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EVAPORATION (Chemistry)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DROPS
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - CONDUCTION electrons
N1  - Accession Number: 116281004; Osipov, V. V. 1 Marchenko, M. P. 1 Khasin, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, MS 269-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 108 Issue 24, p1; Subject Term: EVAPORATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DROPS; Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: CONDUCTION electrons; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4952446
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116281004&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cooper, George
AU  - Rios, Andro C.
T1  - Enantiomer excesses of rare and common sugar derivatives in carbonaceous meteorites.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2016/06/14/
VL  - 113
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - E3322
EP  - E3331
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Biological polymers such as nucleic acids and proteins are constructed of only one--the D or L--of the two possible nonsuperimposable mirror images (enantiomers) of selected organic compounds. However, before the advent of life, it is generally assumed that chemical reactions produced 50:50 (racemic) mixtures of enantiomers, as evidenced by common abiotic laboratory syntheses. Carbonaceous meteorites contain clues to prebiotic chemistry because they preserve a record of some of the Solar System's earliest (~4.5 Gy) chemical and physical processes. In multiple carbonaceous meteorites, we show that both rare and common sugar monoacids (aldonic acids) contain significant excesses of the D enantiomer, whereas other (comparable) sugar acids and sugar alcohols are racemic. Although the proposed origins of such excesses are still tentative, the findings imply that meteoritic compounds and/or the processes that operated on meteoritic precursors may have played an ancient role in the enantiomer composition of life's carbohydrate-related biopolymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES -- Research
KW  - ENANTIOMERS
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ALDONIC acids
KW  - BIOPOLYMERS
KW  - SUGARS -- Derivatives
KW  - aldonic acids
KW  - carbonaceous meteorites
KW  - enantiomer excesses
KW  - polyols
KW  - sugar acids
N1  - Accession Number: 116223809; Cooper, George 1; Email Address: george.cooper@nasa.gov Rios, Andro C. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  2: NASA Postdoctoral Program, Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21046; Source Info: 6/14/2016, Vol. 113 Issue 24, pE3322; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Research; Subject Term: ENANTIOMERS; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ALDONIC acids; Subject Term: BIOPOLYMERS; Subject Term: SUGARS -- Derivatives; Author-Supplied Keyword: aldonic acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbonaceous meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: enantiomer excesses; Author-Supplied Keyword: polyols; Author-Supplied Keyword: sugar acids; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1603030113
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116223809&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fernandez-Gonzalo, R.
AU  - Tesch, P. A.
AU  - Linnehan, R. M.
AU  - Kreider, R. B.
AU  - Di Salvo, V.
AU  - Suarez-Arrones, L.
AU  - Alomar, X.
AU  - Mendez-Villanueva, A.
AU  - Rodas, C.
T1  - Individual Muscle use in Hamstring Exercises by Soccer Players Assessed using Functional MRI.
JO  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
JF  - International Journal of Sports Medicine
Y1  - 2016/06/15/
VL  - 37
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 559
EP  - 564
SN  - 01724622
AB  - This study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to compare individual muscle use in sxercises aimed at preventing hamstring injuries. Thirty-six professional soccer players were randomized into 4 groups, each performing either Nordic hamstring, flywheel leg curl, Russian belt or conic-pulley exercise. MRIs were performed before and immediately after a bout of 4 sets of 8 repetitions. Pre-post exercise differences in contrast shift (T2) were analyzed for the long (BFLh) and short head (BFSh) of biceps femoris, semitendinosus (ST), semimembranosus (SM) and gracilis (GR) muscles. Flywheel leg curl increased (P<0.001) T2 of GR (95%), ST (65%), BFSh (51%) and BFLh (14%). After the Nordic hamstring, GR (39%), ST (16%) and BFSh (14%) showed increased T2 (P<0.001). Russian belt and conic-pulley exercise produced subtle (P<0.02) T2 increases of ST (9 and 6%, respectively) and BFLh (7 and 6%, respectively). Russian belt increased T2 of SM (7%). Among exercises examined, flywheel leg curl showed the most substantial hamstring and GR muscle use. However, no single exercise executed was able to increase T2 of all hamstring and synergist muscles analyzed. It is therefore suggested that multiple exercises must be carried out to bring in, and fully activate all knee flexors and hip extensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Sports Medicine is the property of Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - eccentric overload
KW  - football
KW  - functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - gracilis
KW  - iso-inertial exercise
N1  - Accession Number: 117367995; Fernandez-Gonzalo, R. 1; Email Address: rodrigo.gonzalo@ki.se Tesch, P. A. 1 Linnehan, R. M. 2 Kreider, R. B. 3 Di Salvo, V. 4 Suarez-Arrones, L. 4 Alomar, X. 5 Mendez-Villanueva, A. 4 Rodas, C. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, United States  3: Exercise & Sport Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States  4: Department of Football Performance & Science, ASPIRE Academy, Doha, Qatar  5: Department of Radiology, Centres Medics Creu Blanca, Barcelona, Spain  6: F.C. Barcelona, Medical Services F.C. Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 37 Issue 7, p559; Author-Supplied Keyword: eccentric overload; Author-Supplied Keyword: football; Author-Supplied Keyword: functional magnetic resonance imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: gracilis; Author-Supplied Keyword: iso-inertial exercise; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1055/s-0042-100290
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117367995&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bruce Fegley Jr.
AU  - Nathan S. Jacobson
AU  - K. B. Williams
AU  - J. M. C. Plane
AU  - L. Schaefer
AU  - Katharina Lodders
T1  - SOLUBILITY OF ROCK IN STEAM ATMOSPHERES OF PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/06/20/
VL  - 824
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Extensive experimental studies show that all major rock-forming elements (e.g., Si, Mg, Fe, Ca, Al, Na, K) dissolve in steam to a greater or lesser extent. We use these results to compute chemical equilibrium abundances of rocky-element-bearing gases in steam atmospheres equilibrated with silicate magma oceans. Rocky elements partition into steam atmospheres as volatile hydroxide gases (e.g., Si(OH)4, Mg(OH)2, Fe(OH)2, Ni(OH)2, Al(OH)3, Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH) and via reaction with HF and HCl as volatile halide gases (e.g., NaCl, KCl, CaFOH, CaClOH, FAl(OH)2) in much larger amounts than expected from their vapor pressures over volatile-free solid or molten rock at high temperatures expected for steam atmospheres on the early Earth and hot rocky exoplanets. We quantitatively compute the extent of fractional vaporization by defining gas/magma distribution coefficients and show that Earth's subsolar Si/Mg ratio may be due to loss of a primordial steam atmosphere. We conclude that hot rocky exoplanets that are undergoing or have undergone escape of steam-bearing atmospheres may experience fractional vaporization and loss of Si, Mg, Fe, Ni, Al, Ca, Na, and K. This loss can modify their bulk composition, density, heat balance, and interior structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - SOLUBILITY
KW  - HYDROXIDES
KW  - VAPORIZATION
KW  - HEAT balance (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 116412572; Bruce Fegley Jr. 1,2; Email Address: bfegley@wustl.edu Nathan S. Jacobson 3 K. B. Williams 2 J. M. C. Plane 4 L. Schaefer 5 Katharina Lodders 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Chemistry Laboratory, McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  2: Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  3: Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS106-1, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK  5: Harvard—Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2016, Vol. 824 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: SOLUBILITY; Subject Term: HYDROXIDES; Subject Term: VAPORIZATION; Subject Term: HEAT balance (Engineering); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/103
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116412572&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - K. Zahnle
AU  - M. S. Marley
AU  - C. V. Morley
AU  - J. I. Moses
T1  - PHOTOLYTIC HAZES IN THE ATMOSPHERE OF 51 ERI B.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/06/20/
VL  - 824
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We use a 1D model to address photochemistry and possible haze formation in the irradiated warm Jupiter, 51 Eridani b. The intended focus was to be carbon, but sulfur photochemistry turns out to be important. The case for organic photochemical hazes is intriguing but falls short of being compelling. If organic hazes form, they are likeliest to do so if vertical mixing in 51 Eri b is weaker than in Jupiter, and they would be found below the altitudes where methane and water are photolyzed. The more novel result is that photochemistry turns H2S into elemental sulfur, here treated as S8. In the cooler models, S8 is predicted to condense in optically thick clouds of solid sulfur particles, while in the warmer models S8 remains a vapor along with several other sulfur allotropes that are both visually striking and potentially observable. For 51 Eri b, the division between models with and without condensed sulfur is at an effective temperature of 700 K, which is within error its actual effective temperature; the local temperature where sulfur condenses is between 280 and 320 K. The sulfur photochemistry we have discussed is quite general and ought to be found in a wide variety of worlds over a broad temperature range, both colder and hotter than the 650–750 K range studied here, and we show that products of sulfur photochemistry will be nearly as abundant on planets where the UV irradiation is orders of magnitude weaker than it is on 51 Eri b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - METHANE
KW  - WATER
KW  - SULFUR
KW  - IRRADIATION
N1  - Accession Number: 116412548; K. Zahnle 1; Email Address: kzahnle@mail.arc.NASA.gov M. S. Marley 1; Email Address: Mark.S.Marley@NASA.gov C. V. Morley 2; Email Address: cmorley@ucolick.org J. I. Moses 3; Email Address: jmoses@spacescience.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  3: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2016, Vol. 824 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: SULFUR; Subject Term: IRRADIATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325320 Pesticide and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/137
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116412548&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sujan Sengupta
AU  - Mark S. Marley
T1  - DETECTING EXOMOONS AROUND SELF-LUMINOUS GIANT EXOPLANETS THROUGH POLARIZATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/06/20/
VL  - 824
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Many of the directly imaged self-luminous gas-giant exoplanets have been found to have cloudy atmospheres. Scattering of the emergent thermal radiation from these planets by the dust grains in their atmospheres should locally give rise to significant linear polarization of the emitted radiation. However, the observable disk-averaged polarization should be zero if the planet is spherically symmetric. Rotation-induced oblateness may yield a net non-zero disk-averaged polarization if the planets have sufficiently high spin rotation velocity. On the other hand, when a large natural satellite or exomoon transits a planet with a cloudy atmosphere along the line of sight, the asymmetry induced during the transit should give rise to a net non-zero, time-resolved linear polarization signal. The peak amplitude of such time-dependent polarization may be detectable even for slowly rotating exoplanets. Therefore, we suggest that large exomoons around directly imaged self-luminous exoplanets may be detectable through time-resolved imaging polarimetry. Adopting detailed atmospheric models for several values of effective temperature and surface gravity that are appropriate for self-luminous exoplanets, we present the polarization profiles of these objects in the infrared during the transit phase and estimate the peak amplitude of polarization that occurs during the inner contacts of the transit ingress/egress phase. The peak polarization is predicted to range between 0.1% and 0.3% in the infrared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics)
KW  - INFRARED absorption
KW  - NATURAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 116412578; Sujan Sengupta 1; Email Address: sujan@iiap.res.in Mark S. Marley 2; Email Address: Mark.S.Marley@NASA.gov; Affiliation:  1: Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala 2nd Block, Bangalore 560 034, India  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 6/20/2016, Vol. 824 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: INFRARED absorption; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/76
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116412578&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyung Joo Lee
AU  - Chatfield, Robert B.
AU  - Strawa, Anthony W.
T1  - Enhancing the Applicability of Satellite Remote Sensing for PM2.5 Estimation Using MODIS Deep Blue AOD and Land Use Regression in California, United States.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/06/21/
VL  - 50
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 6546
EP  - 6555
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - We estimated daily ground-level PM2.5 concentrations combining Collection 6 deep blue (DB) Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) data (10 km resolution) with land use regression in California, United States, for the period 2006-2012. The Collection 6 DB method for AOD provided more reliable data retrievals over California's bright surface areas than previous data sets. Our DB AOD and PM2.5 data suggested that the PM2.5 predictability could be enhanced by temporally varying PM2.5 and AOD relations at least at a seasonal scale. In this study, we used a mixed effects model that allowed daily variations in DB AOD-PM2.5 relations. Because DB AOD might less effectively represent local source emissions compared to regional ones, we added geographic information system (GIS) predictors into the mixed effects model to further explain PM2.5 concentrations influenced by local sources. A cross validation (CV) mixed effects model revealed reasonably high predictive power for PM2.5 concentrations with R² = 0.66. The relations between DB AOD and PM2.5 considerably varied by day, and seasonally varying effects of GIS predictors on PM2.5 suggest season-specific source emissions and atmospheric conditions. This study indicates that DB AOD in combination with land use regression can be particularly useful to generate spatially resolved PM2.5 estimates. This may reduce exposure errors for health effect studies in California. We expect that more detailed PM2.5 concentration patterns can help air quality management plan to meet air quality standards more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - LAND use
KW  - AIR quality management
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 116702747; Hyung Joo Lee 1,2; Email Address: hyungjoo.lee@nasa.gov Chatfield, Robert B. 2 Strawa, Anthony W. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  2: Earth Sciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  3: New Pursuits Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States; Source Info: 6/21/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 12, p6546; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: AIR quality management; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.6b01438
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rubin, Robert H.
AU  - Simpson, Janet P.
AU  - Colgan, Sean W. J.
AU  - Dufour, Reginald J.
AU  - Kader, Justin
AU  - McNabb, Ian A.
AU  - Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A.
AU  - Weber, Johann A.
T1  - Spitzer observations of extragalactic H II regions -- III. NGC 6822 and the hot star, H II region connection.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/06/21/
VL  - 459
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1875
EP  - 1891
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Using the short-high module of the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have measured the [S IV] 10.51, [Ne II] 12.81, [Ne III] 15.56, and [S III] 18.71-µm emission lines in nine H II regions in the dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 6822. These lines arise from the dominant ionization states of the elements neon (Ne++, Ne+) and sulphur (S3+, S++), thereby allowing an analysis of the neon to sulphur abundance ratio as well as the ionic abundance ratios Ne+/Ne++ and S3+/S++. By extending our studies of H II regions in M83 and M33 to the lower metallicity NGC 6822, we increase the reliability of the estimated Ne/S ratio. We find that the Ne/S ratio appears to be fairly universal, with not much variation about the ratio found for NGC 6822: the median (average) Ne/S ratio equals 11.6 (12.2±0.8). This value is in contrast to Asplund et al.'s currently best estimated value for the Sun: Ne/S = 6.5. In addition, we continue to test the predicted ionizing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) from various stellar atmosphere models by comparing model nebulae computed with these SEDs as inputs to our observational data, changing just the stellar atmosphere model abundances. Here, we employ a new grid of SEDs computed with different metallicities: solar, 0.4 solar, and 0.1 solar. As expected, these changes to the SED show similar trends to those seen upon changing just the nebular gas metallicities in our plasma simulations: lower metallicity results in higher ionization. This trend agrees with the observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - EXTRAGALACTIC distances
KW  - EARLY stars
KW  - DWARF irregular galaxies
KW  - COSMIC abundances
KW  - galaxies: abundances
KW  - galaxies: individual: NGC 6822
KW  - H II regions
KW  - ISM: abundances
KW  - stars: atmospheres
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 115418112; Rubin, Robert H. 1,2 Simpson, Janet P. 3; Email Address: janet.p.simpson@gmail.com Colgan, Sean W. J. 1 Dufour, Reginald J. 4 Kader, Justin 1,5 McNabb, Ian A. 1,6 Pauldrach, Adalbert W. A. 7 Weber, Johann A. 7; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA  2: Orion Enterprises  3: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Physics & Astronomy Department, Rice University, MS 108, Houston, TX 77005-1892, USA  5: Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Ave, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  6: Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China  7: Universitaets-Sternwarte Muenchen, Scheinerstrasse 1, D-81679 Muenchen, Germany; Source Info: 6/21/2016, Vol. 459 Issue 2, p1875; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: EXTRAGALACTIC distances; Subject Term: EARLY stars; Subject Term: DWARF irregular galaxies; Subject Term: COSMIC abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: individual: NGC 6822; Author-Supplied Keyword: H II regions; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISM: abundances; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: atmospheres; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw719
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Steven A.E.
T1  - Broadband shock-associated noise near-field cross-spectra.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2016/06/23/
VL  - 372
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 104
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - The cross-spectral acoustic analogy is used to predict auto-spectra and cross-spectra of broadband shock-associated noise in the near-field and far-field from a range of heated and unheated supersonic off-design jets. A single equivalent source model is proposed for the near-field, mid-field, and far-field terms, that contains flow-field statistics of the shock wave shear layer interactions. Flow-field statistics are modeled based upon experimental observation and computational fluid dynamics solutions. An axisymmetric assumption is used to reduce the model to a closed-form equation involving a double summation over the equivalent source at each shock wave shear layer interaction. Predictions are compared with a wide variety of measurements at numerous jet Mach numbers and temperature ratios from multiple facilities. Auto-spectral predictions of broadband shock-associated noise in the near-field and far-field capture trends observed in measurement and other prediction theories. Predictions of spatial coherence of broadband shock-associated noise accurately capture the peak coherent intensity, frequency, and spectral width. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - NEAR-fields
KW  - Broadband
KW  - Jet
KW  - Near-field
KW  - Noise
KW  - Shock
KW  - Spectra
N1  - Accession Number: 114204522; Miller, Steven A.E. 1; Email Address: s.miller@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration Langley Research Center Aeroacoustics Branch 2 N. Dryden St. MS 461 Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Jun2016, Vol. 372, p82; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: NEAR-fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Broadband; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-field; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shock; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectra; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2016.01.048
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scheidler, Justin J.
AU  - Asnani, Vivake M.
AU  - Dapino, Marcelo J.
T1  - Frequency-dependent, dynamic sensing properties of polycrystalline Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4).
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2016/06/28/
VL  - 119
IS  - 24
M3  - Article
SP  - 244902-1
EP  - 244902-5
SN  - 00218979
AB  - This paper presents the first measurement of Galfenol's frequency-dependent strain and magnetic flux density responses to controlled dynamic stress, from which frequency-dependent, effective material properties relating these quantities are calculated. Solid and laminated Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4) rods were excited by 2.88 MPa compressive stresses up to 1 kHz under constant field and constant current conditions. Due to magnetic diffusion cut-off frequencies of only 59.3 to 145.7 Hz, the dynamic properties of the solid rod are found to vary significantly; this illustrates the inaccuracy of frequency-independent dynamic properties calculated via linear piezomagnetic models from experimental responses to electrical excitation. Conversely, the sensing properties of the laminated rod exhibit a weak dependence on frequency over the measurement range (i.e., a cut-off >1 kHz). The data are used to validate an existing model for mechanically induced magnetic diffusion. Loss factors and magnetomechanical energy densities are also presented and discussed in terms of loss separation, magnetic diffusion, and energy conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC flux
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - ELECTRONIC excitation
KW  - ENERGY conversion
KW  - ENERGY density
N1  - Accession Number: 116578496; Scheidler, Justin J. 1; Email Address: justin.j.scheidler@nasa.gov Asnani, Vivake M. 2 Dapino, Marcelo J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Rotating and Drive Systems Branch, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Rotating and Drive Systems Branch, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  3: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119 Issue 24, p244902-1; Subject Term: MAGNETIC flux; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC excitation; Subject Term: ENERGY conversion; Subject Term: ENERGY density; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4954320
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116578496&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morris, Richard V.
AU  - Vaniman, David T.
AU  - Blake, David F.
AU  - Gellert, Ralf
AU  - Chipera, Steve J.
AU  - Rampe, Elizabeth B.
AU  - Ming, Douglas W.
AU  - Morrison, Shaunna M.
AU  - Downs, Robert T.
AU  - Treiman, Allan H.
AU  - Yeni, Albert S.
AU  - Grotzinger, John P.
AU  - Achilles, Cherie N.
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Crisp, Joy A.
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Farmer, Jack D.
AU  - Fendrich, Kim V.
AU  - Frydenvang, Jens
AU  - Graff, Trevor G.
T1  - Silicic volcanism on Mars evidenced by tridymite in high-SiO2 sedimentary rock at Gale crater.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2016/06/28/
VL  - 113
IS  - 26
M3  - Article
SP  - 7071
EP  - 7076
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Tridymite, a low-pressure, high-temperature (>870 °C) SiO2 polymorph, was detected in a drill sample of laminated mudstone (Buckskin) at Marias Pass in Gale crater, Mars, by the Chemistry and Mineralogy X-ray diffraction instrument onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity. The tridymitic mudstone has ~40 wt.% crystalline and ~60 wt.% X-ray amorphous material and a bulk composition with ~74 wt.% SiO2 (Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer analysis). Plagioclase (~17 wt.% of bulk sample), tridymite (~14 wt.%), sanidine (~3 wt.%), cation-deficient magnetite (~3 wt.%), cristobalite (~2 wt.%), and anhydrite (~1 wt.%) are the mudstone crystalline minerals. Amorphous material is silica-rich (~39 wt.% opal-A and/or high-SiO2 glass and opal-CT), volatile-bearing (16 wt.% mixed cation sulfates, phosphates, and chlorides−perchlorates−chlorates), and has minor TiO2 and Fe2O3T oxides (~5 wt.%). Rietveld refinement yielded a monoclinic structural model for a well-crystalline tridymite, consistent with high formation temperatures. Terrestrial tridymite is commonly associated with silicic volcanism, and detritus from such volcanism in a "Lake Gale" catchment environment can account for Buckskin's tridymite, cristobalite, feldspar, and any residual high-SiO2 glass. These cogenetic detrital phases are possibly sourced from the Gale crater wall/rim/central peak. Opaline silica could form during diagenesis from high-SiO2 glass, as amorphous precipitated silica, or as a residue of acidic leaching in the sediment source region or at Marias Pass. The amorphous mixed-cation salts and oxides and possibly the crystalline magnetite (otherwise detrital) are primary precipitates and/ or their diagenesis products derived from multiple infiltrations of aqueous solutions having variable compositions, temperatures, and acidities. Anhydrite is post lithification fracture/vein fill. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VOLCANISM
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - SEDIMENTARY rocks
KW  - TRIDYMITE
KW  - CRISTOBALITE
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Gale crater
KW  - lake
KW  - Mars
KW  - tridymite
KW  - volcanism
N1  - Accession Number: 116518390; Morris, Richard V. 1; Email Address: richard.v.morris@nasa.gov Vaniman, David T. 2 Blake, David F. 3 Gellert, Ralf 4 Chipera, Steve J. 5 Rampe, Elizabeth B. 6 Ming, Douglas W. 1 Morrison, Shaunna M. 7 Downs, Robert T. 7 Treiman, Allan H. 8 Yeni, Albert S. 9 Grotzinger, John P. 10; Email Address: grotz@gps.caltech.edu Achilles, Cherie N. 7 Bristow, Thomas F. 3 Crisp, Joy A. 9 Des Marais, David J. 3 Farmer, Jack D. 11 Fendrich, Kim V. 7 Frydenvang, Jens 12,13 Graff, Trevor G. 14; Affiliation:  1: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058  2: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffitt Field, CA 94035  4: Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1  5: Chesapeake Energy, Oklahoma City, OK 73118  6: Aerodyne Industries, Houston, TX 77058  7: Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721  8: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109  10: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125  11: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287  12: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545  13: Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark  14: Jacobs, Houston, TX 77058; Source Info: 6/28/2016, Vol. 113 Issue 26, p7071; Subject Term: VOLCANISM; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: SEDIMENTARY rocks; Subject Term: TRIDYMITE; Subject Term: CRISTOBALITE; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gale crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: lake; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: tridymite; Author-Supplied Keyword: volcanism; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212315 Limestone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1607098113
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Candon, Sean
AU  - Loth, Eric
AU  - Rybalko, Michael
AU  - Hirt, Stefanie
T1  - Acoustically Induced Shock Oscillations in a Low-Boom Inlet.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 54
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2134
EP  - 2148
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Experimental unsteady centerbody surface pressures measured in a low-boom inlet have been analyzed and compared with an unsteady computational flow approach. The experimental dataset was gathered at the 8?6 ft supersonic wind tunnel at the NASA John H. Glenn Research Center in 2010. The axisymmetric external compression inlet considered herein featured a relaxed isentropic centerbody compression spike followed by a short subsonic diffuser to the aerodynamic interface plane. The axisymmetric inlet computational domain comprised a 10 deg sector, starting with the freestream inflow region, and included both the internal flowpath up to the mass flow plug and the external flow past the sharp-edged cowl for external flow. The selected inlet test conditions were based on a 1.67 freestream Mach number at a zero angle of attack with a near-design spillage rate of approximately 4%. Both experiments and simulations revealed temporal shifts between pressure peaks at different streamwise locations, indicating upstream-running compression waves that moved at acoustic speeds. These waves became amplified near the geometric throat and produced streamwise oscillations of the external normal shock. The simulations also revealed a second smaller shock on the centerbody at the geometric throat, for which the complex dynamics suggested an opportunity for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 117719424; Candon, Sean 1,2 Loth, Eric 1,3 Rybalko, Michael 4,5 Hirt, Stefanie 6,7; Affiliation:  1: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904  2: M.S. Student, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 122 Engineer's Way. Student Member AIAA  3: Professor, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 122 Engineer's Way. Associate Fellow AIAA  4: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801  5: Postdoctoral Research Associate, Aerospace Engineering, 104 S. Wright St. Member AIAA  6: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  7: Aerospace Engineer, Inlets and Nozzles Branch, MS 5-12. Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 54 Issue 7, p2134; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054300
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barnes, Jason W.
AU  - Quarles, Billy
AU  - Lissauer, Jack J.
AU  - Chambers, John
AU  - Hedman, Matthew M.
T1  - Obliquity Variability of a Potentially Habitable Early Venus.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 16
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 487
EP  - 499
SN  - 15311074
AB  - Venus currently rotates slowly, with its spin controlled by solid-body and atmospheric thermal tides. However, conditions may have been far different 4 billion years ago, when the Sun was fainter and most of the carbon within Venus could have been in solid form, implying a low-mass atmosphere. We investigate how the obliquity would have varied for a hypothetical rapidly rotating Early Venus. The obliquity variation structure of an ensemble of hypothetical Early Venuses is simpler than that Earth would have if it lacked its large moon (Lissauer et al., 2012), having just one primary chaotic regime at high prograde obliquities. We note an unexpected long-term variability of up to ±7° for retrograde Venuses. Low-obliquity Venuses show very low total obliquity variability over billion-year timescales-comparable to that of the real Moon-influenced Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RETROGRADE motion (Astronomy)
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - PLANETS -- Rotation
KW  - FULLERENES
KW  - Planets and satellites
KW  - Venus
N1  - Accession Number: 116787096; Barnes, Jason W. 1; Email Address: jwbarnes@uidaho.edu Quarles, Billy 2,3 Lissauer, Jack J. 2 Chambers, John 4 Hedman, Matthew M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  3: Department of Physics and Physical Science, The University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska  4: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 16 Issue 7, p487; Subject Term: RETROGRADE motion (Astronomy); Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Rotation; Subject Term: FULLERENES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planets and satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2015.1427
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Remsberg, Ellis
AU  - Harvey, V. Lynn
T1  - Effects of polar stratospheric clouds in the Nimbus 7 LIMS Version 6 data set.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 9
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 2927
EP  - 2946
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The historic Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) measurements of 1978–1979 from the Nimbus 7 satellite were re-processed with Version 6 (V6) algorithms and archived in 2002. The V6 data set employs updated radiance registration methods, improved spectroscopic line parameters, and a common vertical resolution for all retrieved parameters. Retrieved profiles are spaced about every 1.6° of latitude along orbits and include the additional parameter of geopotential height. Profiles of O3 are sensitive to perturbations from emissions of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). This work presents results of implementing a first-order screening for effects of PSCs using simple algorithms based on vertical gradients of the O3 mixing ratio. Their occurrences are compared with the co-located, retrieved temperatures and related to the temperature thresholds needed for saturation of H2O and/or HNO3 vapor onto PSC particles. Observed daily locations where the major PSC screening criteria are satisfied are validated against PSCs observed with the Stratospheric Aerosol Monitor (SAM) II experiment also on Nimbus 7. Remnants of emissions from PSCs are characterized for O3 and HNO3 following the screening. PSCs may also impart a warm bias in the co-located LIMS temperatures, but by no more than 1–2 K at the altitudes of where effects of PSCs are a maximum in the ozone; thus, no PSC screening was applied to the V6 temperatures. Minimum temperatures vary between 187 and 194 K and often occur 1 to 2 km above where PSC effects are first identified in the ozone (most often between about 21 and 28 hPa). Those temperature–pressure values are consistent with conditions for the existence of nitric acid trihydrate (NAT) mixtures and to a lesser extent of super-cooled ternary solution (STS) droplets. A local, temporary uptake of HNO3 vapor of order 1–3 ppbv is indicated during mid-January for the 550 K surface. Seven-month time series of the distributions of LIMS O3 and HNO3 are shown based on their gridded Level 3 data following the PSC screening. Zonal coefficients of both species are essentially free of effects from PSCs on the 550 K surface, based on their average values along PV contours and in terms of equivalent latitude. Remnants of PSCs are still present in O3 on the 450 K surface during mid-January. It is judged that the LIMS Level 3 data are of good quality for analyzing the larger-scale, stratospheric chemistry and transport processes during the Arctic winter of 1978–1979. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLAR stratospheric clouds
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone -- Measurement
KW  - OZONE layer depletion
KW  - GEOPOTENTIAL height
KW  - ALTITUDES -- Measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC physics
N1  - Accession Number: 117091844; Remsberg, Ellis 1; Email Address: ellis.e.remsberg@nasa.gov Harvey, V. Lynn 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, Virginia 23681, USA.  2: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, 3665 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, Colorado, USA.  3: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA.; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 7, p2927; Subject Term: POLAR stratospheric clouds; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone -- Measurement; Subject Term: OZONE layer depletion; Subject Term: GEOPOTENTIAL height; Subject Term: ALTITUDES -- Measurement; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC physics; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-2927-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117091844&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA
AU  - REDEMANN, JENS
AU  - HAYWOOD, JAMES
AU  - WOOD, ROBERT
AU  - PIKETH, STUART
AU  - HIPONDOKA, MARTIN
AU  - FORMENTI, PAOLA
T1  - Smoke and Clouds above the Southeast Atlantic Upcoming Field Campaigns Probe Absorbing Aerosol's Impact on Climate.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 97
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1135
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article focuses on a study revealing that smoke from biomass burning (BB) fires on the southern African subcontinent is transported westward through the free troposphere over one of the largest stratocumulus cloud decks. It provides details about BB aerosol, which absorbs shortwave radiation efficiently, as well as climate cooling.
KW  - BIOMASS burning -- Environmental aspects
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - SMOKE
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 117523042; ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA 1; Email Address: pzuidema@rsmas.miami.edu REDEMANN, JENS 2 HAYWOOD, JAMES 3 WOOD, ROBERT 4 PIKETH, STUART 5 HIPONDOKA, MARTIN 6 FORMENTI, PAOLA 7; Affiliation:  1: University of Miami, Miami, Florida  2: NASA AMES Research Center, Mountain View, California  3: University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom  4: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  5: North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa  6: University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia  7: Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systemes Atmospheriques, Creteil, France; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 97 Issue 7, p1131; Subject Term: BIOMASS burning -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: SMOKE; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00082.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - HOSSAIN, FAISAL
AU  - SERRAT-CAPDEVILA, ALEIX
AU  - GRANGER, STEPHANIE
AU  - THOMAS, AMY
AU  - SAAH, DAVID
AU  - GANZ, DAVID
AU  - MUGO, ROBINSON
AU  - MURTHY, M. S. R.
AU  - RAMOS, VICTOR HUGO
AU  - CAROLYN FONSECA
AU  - ANDERSON, ERIC
AU  - SCHUMANN, GUY
AU  - LEWISON, REBECCA
AU  - KIRSCHBAUM, DALIA
AU  - ESCOBAR, VANESSA
AU  - SRINIVASAN, MARGARET
AU  - LEE, CHRISTINE
AU  - IQBAL, NAVEED
AU  - LEVINE, ELLIOT
AU  - SEARBY, NANCY
T1  - A GLOBAL CAPACITY BUILDING VISION FOR SOCIETAL APPLICATIONS OF EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS AND DATA Key Questions and Recommendations.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 97
IS  - 7
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 1295
EP  - 1299
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Information on the meeting "Globalizing Societal Application of Scientific Research and Observations From Remote Sensing: The Path Forward," which was held on June 23-25, 2015 in Tacoma, Washington is presented. Key topics being discussed include capacity building using Earth observing (EO) systems and data as well as issues on public health and air quality, disaster management, and water resources.
KW  - EARTH sciences -- Congresses
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - EMERGENCY management
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
KW  - REMOTE sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 117523055; HOSSAIN, FAISAL 1; Email Address: fhossain@uw.edu SERRAT-CAPDEVILA, ALEIX 2 GRANGER, STEPHANIE 3 THOMAS, AMY 4 SAAH, DAVID 5 GANZ, DAVID 6 MUGO, ROBINSON 7 MURTHY, M. S. R. 8 RAMOS, VICTOR HUGO 9 CAROLYN FONSECA 10 ANDERSON, ERIC 11 SCHUMANN, GUY 12 LEWISON, REBECCA 13 KIRSCHBAUM, DALIA 14 ESCOBAR, VANESSA 14 SRINIVASAN, MARGARET 3 LEE, CHRISTINE 3 IQBAL, NAVEED 15 LEVINE, ELLIOT 16 SEARBY, NANCY 17; Affiliation:  1: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  2: The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California  4: Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus, Ohio  5: University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California  6: Asian Disaster Preparedness Center, Bangkok, Thailand  7: Regional Center for Mapping of Resources fo r Development, Nairobi, Kenya  8: International Center for Integrated Mountain Development, Khumaltar, Nepal  9: Consejo Nacional de Areas Protegias (CONAP), Guatemala City, Guatemala  10: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama  11: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama  12: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California  13: San Diego State University, San Diego, California  14: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  15: Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, Islamabad, Pakistan  16: Mercy Corps, Portland, Oregon  17: NASA Headquarters, Washington, D.C.; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 97 Issue 7, p1295; Subject Term: EARTH sciences -- Congresses; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: EMERGENCY management; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 624230 Emergency and Other Relief Services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 911290 Other federal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 912190 Other provincial protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 913190 Other municipal protective services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 922190 Other Justice, Public Order, and Safety Activities; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00198.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - A computational study of a phenolic based polymer with a spring-like structure.
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 655
M3  - Article
SP  - 76
EP  - 79
SN  - 00092614
AB  - We report the stretching potentials for a helical phenolic-based polymer with high symmetry and a spring-like structure that can be stretched by a factor of 4 along the spring direction and still return to its original structure. We hope that synthetic polymer chemists assess if this polymer or a similar one can be synthesized and tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHENOL
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - CRYSTAL structure
KW  - HYDROGEN bonding
KW  - DENSITY functional theory
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - DFT
KW  - Hydrogen bond
KW  - Low density polymer
KW  - Stretching potentials
N1  - Accession Number: 115884227; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 655, p76; Subject Term: PHENOL; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: CRYSTAL structure; Subject Term: HYDROGEN bonding; Subject Term: DENSITY functional theory; Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Author-Supplied Keyword: DFT; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogen bond; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low density polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stretching potentials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.05.036
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devaraju, N.
AU  - Bala, G.
AU  - Caldeira, K.
AU  - Nemani, R.
T1  - A model based investigation of the relative importance of CO-fertilization, climate warming, nitrogen deposition and land use change on the global terrestrial carbon uptake in the historical period.
JO  - Climate Dynamics
JF  - Climate Dynamics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 47
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 173
EP  - 190
SN  - 09307575
AB  - In this paper, using the fully coupled NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM1.0.4), we investigate the relative importance of CO-fertilization, climate warming, anthropogenic nitrogen deposition, and land use and land cover change (LULCC) for terrestrial carbon uptake during the historical period (1850-2005). In our simulations, between the beginning and end of this period, we find an increase in global net primary productivity (NPP) on land of about 4 PgCyr (8.2 %) with a contribution of 2.3 PgCyr from CO-fertilization and 2.0 PgCyr from nitrogen deposition. Climate warming also causes NPP to increase by 0.35 PgCyr but LULCC causes a decline of 0.7 PgCyr. These results indicate that the recent increase in vegetation productivity is most likely driven by CO fertilization and nitrogen deposition. Further, we find that this configuration of CESM projects that the global terrestrial ecosystem has been a net source of carbon during 1850-2005 (release of 45.1 ± 2.4 PgC), largely driven by historical LULCC related CO fluxes to the atmosphere. During the recent three decades (early 1970s to early 2000s), however, our model simulations project that the terrestrial ecosystem acts as a sink, taking up about 10 PgC mainly due to CO fertilization and nitrogen deposition. Our results are in good qualitative agreement with recent studies that indicate an increase in vegetation production and water use efficiency in the satellite era and that the terrestrial ecosystem has been a net sink for carbon in recent decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climate Dynamics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH system science
KW  - GLOBAL warming
KW  - CARBON dioxide in soils
KW  - LAND use
KW  - EARTH analogs
KW  - NITROGEN -- Environmental aspects
KW  - Climate change
KW  - CO fertilization
KW  - Land use land cover change
KW  - Net primary productivity
KW  - Nitrogen deposition
KW  - Terrestrial carbon uptake
N1  - Accession Number: 116396858; Devaraju, N.; Email Address: devarajun@gmail.com Bala, G. Caldeira, K. 1 Nemani, R. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution, 260 Panama Street Stanford 94305 USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 47 Issue 1/2, p173; Subject Term: EARTH system science; Subject Term: GLOBAL warming; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide in soils; Subject Term: LAND use; Subject Term: EARTH analogs; Subject Term: NITROGEN -- Environmental aspects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO fertilization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Land use land cover change; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net primary productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Terrestrial carbon uptake; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00382-015-2830-8
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116396858&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Hudson, Nicholas I.
AU  - Asseng, Senthold
AU  - Camarrano, Davide
AU  - Ewert, Frank
AU  - Martre, Pierre
AU  - Boote, Kenneth J.
AU  - Thorburn, Peter J.
AU  - Aggarwal, Pramod K.
AU  - Angulo, Carlos
AU  - Basso, Bruno
AU  - Bertuzzi, Patrick
AU  - Biernath, Christian
AU  - Brisson, Nadine
AU  - Challinor, Andrew J.
AU  - Doltra, Jordi
AU  - Gayler, Sebastian
AU  - Goldberg, Richard
AU  - Grant, Robert F.
AU  - Heng, Lee
T1  - Multi-wheat-model ensemble responses to interannual climate variability.
JO  - Environmental Modelling & Software
JF  - Environmental Modelling & Software
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 81
M3  - Article
SP  - 86
EP  - 101
SN  - 13648152
AB  - We compare 27 wheat models' yield responses to interannual climate variability, analyzed at locations in Argentina, Australia, India, and The Netherlands as part of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP) Wheat Pilot. Each model simulated 1981–2010 grain yield, and we evaluate results against the interannual variability of growing season temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation. The amount of information used for calibration has only a minor effect on most models' climate response, and even small multi-model ensembles prove beneficial. Wheat model clusters reveal common characteristics of yield response to climate; however models rarely share the same cluster at all four sites indicating substantial independence. Only a weak relationship (R 2 ≤ 0.24) was found between the models' sensitivities to interannual temperature variability and their response to long-term warming, suggesting that additional processes differentiate climate change impacts from observed climate variability analogs and motivating continuing analysis and model development efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Modelling & Software is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHEAT
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - WHEAT -- Yields
KW  - PRECIPITATION variability
KW  - TEMPERATURE -- Physiological effect
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - AgMIP
KW  - Climate impacts
KW  - Crop modeling
KW  - Interannual variability
KW  - Multi-model ensemble
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Temperature
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - Wheat
N1  - Accession Number: 115552156; Ruane, Alex C. 1; Email Address: Alexander.C.Ruane@nasa.gov Hudson, Nicholas I. 2 Asseng, Senthold 3 Camarrano, Davide 3,4 Ewert, Frank 5,6 Martre, Pierre 7,8 Boote, Kenneth J. 3 Thorburn, Peter J. 9 Aggarwal, Pramod K. 10 Angulo, Carlos 5 Basso, Bruno 11 Bertuzzi, Patrick 12 Biernath, Christian 13 Brisson, Nadine 14,15 Challinor, Andrew J. 16,17 Doltra, Jordi 18 Gayler, Sebastian 19 Goldberg, Richard 2 Grant, Robert F. 20 Heng, Lee 21; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY, USA  2: Columbia University Center for Climate Systems Research, New York, NY, USA  3: Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA  4: James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom  5: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, Universität Bonn, D-53 115, Germany  6: Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), D-15 374 Müncheberg, Germany  7: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals (GDEC), F-63 100 Clermont-Ferrand, France  8: INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, UMR759 LEPSE, F-34060 Montpellier, France  9: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Agriculture, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia  10: Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research, Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Water Management Institute, New Delhi 110012, India  11: Department of Geological Sciences and Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA  12: INRA, US1116 AgroClim, F-84 914 Avignon, France  13: Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany  14: INRA, UMR0211 Agronomie, F-78 750 Thiverval-Grignon, France  15: AgroParisTech, UMR0211 Agronomie, F-78 750 Thiverval-Grignon, France  16: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, United Kingdom  17: CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, A.A. 6713, 763537 Cali, Colombia  18: Cantabrian Agricultural Research and Training Centre, 39600 Muriedas, Spain  19: Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, Universität Hohenheim, D-70 599 Stuttgart, Germany  20: Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada  21: International Atomic Energy Agency, 1400 Vienna, Austria; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 81, p86; Subject Term: WHEAT; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: WHEAT -- Yields; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION variability; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: AgMIP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate impacts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crop modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interannual variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-model ensemble; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wheat; NAICS/Industry Codes: 311230 Breakfast Cereal Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 411120 Oilseed and grain merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.envsoft.2016.03.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115552156&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen, Thao T.T.
AU  - Kundan, Akshay
AU  - Jr.Wayner, Peter C.
AU  - Plawsky, Joel L.
AU  - Chao, David F.
AU  - Sicker, Ronald J.
T1  - Effects of cooling temperature on heat pipe evaporator performance using an ideal fluid mixture in microgravity.
JO  - Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science
JF  - Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 75
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
EP  - 117
SN  - 08941777
AB  - The effect of cooling temperature on heat pipe performance has generally received little consideration. In this paper, we studied the performance of a Constrained Vapor Bubble (CVB) heat pipe using a liquid mixture of 94 vol%-pentane and 6 vol%-isohexane at different cooling temperatures in the microgravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS). Using a one-dimensional (1-D) heat transfer model developed in our laboratory, the heat transfer coefficient of the evaporator section was calculated and shown to decrease with increasing cooler temperature. Interestingly, the decreasing trend was not the same across the cooler settings studied in the paper. This trend corresponded with the change in the temperature profile along the cuvette. When the cooling temperature went from 0 to 20 °C, the temperature of the cuvette decreased monotonically from the heater end to the cooler end and the heat transfer coefficient decreased slowly from 456 to 401 (W m −2 K −1 ) (at a rate of 2.75 W m −2 K −2 ). However, when the cooling temperature increased from 25 to 35 °C, a minimum point formed in the temperature profile, and the heat transfer coefficient dramatically decreased from 355 to 236 (W m −2 K −1 ) (at a rate of 11.9 W m −2 K −2 ). A similar change in decreasing trend was observed in the pressure gradient and liquid velocity profile. The reduced heat pipe performance at high cooling temperatures was consistent with the reduced evaporation which was indicated by the decreasing internal heat transfer and the increasing liquid film thickness along the cuvette as seen in the surveillance images. The result obtained is important for future heat pipe design because we now have a better understanding of the working temperature ranges of these devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experimental Thermal & Fluid Science is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT pipes
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - HEXANE
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - Capillarity
KW  - Cooling temperature
KW  - Heat pipe
KW  - Ideal liquid mixture
KW  - Interfacial heat transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 114313952; Nguyen, Thao T.T. 1; Email Address: nguyen.thaoche@gmail.com Kundan, Akshay 1; Email Address: akshaykundan@gmail.com Jr.Wayner, Peter C. 1; Email Address: wayner@rpi.edu Plawsky, Joel L. 1; Email Address: plawsky@rpi.edu Chao, David F. 2; Email Address: david.f.chao@nasa.gov Sicker, Ronald J. 2; Email Address: ronald.j.sicker@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 75, p108; Subject Term: HEAT pipes; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: HEXANE; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Capillarity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cooling temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat pipe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ideal liquid mixture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial heat transfer; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2016.01.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114313952&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Lee F.
AU  - Cahn, Michael
AU  - Martin, Frank
AU  - Melton, Forrest
AU  - Benzen, Sharon
AU  - Farrara, Barry
AU  - Post, Kirk
T1  - Evapotranspiration-based Irrigation Scheduling of Head Lettuce and Broccoli.
JO  - HortScience
JF  - HortScience
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 935
EP  - 940
SN  - 00185345
AB  - Estimation of crop evapotranspiration supports efficient irrigation water management, which in turn supports water conservation, mitigation of groundwater depletion/ degradation, energy savings, and crop quality maintenance. Past research in California has revealed strong relationships between fraction of the ground covered by photosynthetically active vegetation (Fc), crop coefficients (Kc), and evapotranspiration (ET) of cool-season vegetables and other specialty crops. Replicated irrigation trials for iceberg lettuce and broccoli were performed during 2012 and 2013 at the USDA Agricultural Research Station in Salinas, CA. The main objective was to compare crop yield and quality from ET-based irrigation scheduling with industry standard practice. Sprinkler irrigation was used to germinate and establish the crops, followed by surface drip irrigation during the treatment period. Each experiment compared three irrigation treatment schedules replicated five times in a randomized block design. Two decision-support models were evaluated as follows: 1) an FAO-56-based algorithm embedded in NASA's prototype Satellite Information Management System (SIMS) based on observed Fc, and 2) CropManage (CM), an online database-driven irrigation scheduling tool based on modeled Fc. Both methods used daily reference ETo data from the California IrrigationManagement Irrigation System (CIMIS) to translateKc to crop ET, with a target of 100% replacement of water use during the drip irrigation phase. A third treatment followed an irrigation schedule representing grower standard practice (SP) at 150% to 175% ET replacement during the drip irrigation phase. No significant treatment differences were seen in lettuce head weight or total biomass. Marketable yields of lettuce (near 45.4 Mg·ha-1) and broccoli (near 17.4 Mg·ha-1) were in-line with industry averages during both years and all treatments. During 2012,CMyieldwas below lettuce SP, and above broccoli SP, while in 2013 no treatment differences were detected for either crop. No significant differences were detected between SIMS and SP yields during any trial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of HortScience is the property of American Society for Horticultural Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IRRIGATION scheduling
KW  - LETTUCE
KW  - BROCCOLI
KW  - EVAPOTRANSPIRATION
KW  - IRRIGATION efficiency
KW  - CROPS -- Quality
KW  - Brassica oleracea
KW  - crop coefficients
KW  - fractional cover
KW  - irrigation management
KW  - Lactuca sativa
N1  - Accession Number: 117488153; Johnson, Lee F. 1,2; Email Address: lee.f.johnson@nasa.gov Cahn, Michael 3 Martin, Frank 4 Melton, Forrest 1,2 Benzen, Sharon 4 Farrara, Barry 3 Post, Kirk 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University, Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955  2: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  3: University of California Cooperative Extension, Salinas, CA 93901  4: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA 93905; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 51 Issue 7, p935; Subject Term: IRRIGATION scheduling; Subject Term: LETTUCE; Subject Term: BROCCOLI; Subject Term: EVAPOTRANSPIRATION; Subject Term: IRRIGATION efficiency; Subject Term: CROPS -- Quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brassica oleracea; Author-Supplied Keyword: crop coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: fractional cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: irrigation management; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lactuca sativa; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111219 Other Vegetable (except Potato) and Melon Farming; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGovern, Patrick J.
AU  - Kirchoff, Michelle R.
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
T1  - Magma ascent pathways associated with large mountains on Io.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 272
M3  - Article
SP  - 246
EP  - 257
SN  - 00191035
AB  - While Jupiter's moon Io is the most volcanically active body in the Solar System, the largest mountains seen on Io are created by tectonic forces rather than volcanic construction. Pervasive compression, primarily brought about by subsidence induced by sustained volcanic resurfacing, creates the mountains, but at the same time inhibits magma ascent in vertical conduits (dikes). We superpose stress solutions for subsidence, along with thermal stress, (both from the “crustal conveyor belt” process of resurfacing) in Io's lithosphere with stresses from Io mountain-sized loads (in a shallow spherical shell solution) in order to evaluate magma ascent pathways. We use stress orientation (least compressive stress horizontal) and stress gradient (compression decreasing upwards) criteria to identify ascent pathways through the lithosphere. There are several configurations for which viable ascent paths transit nearly the entire lithosphere, arriving at the base of the mountain, where magma can be transported through thrust faults or perhaps thermally eroded flank sections. The latter is consistent with observations of some Io paterae in close contact with mountains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGMAS
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - LITHOSPHERE
KW  - Io
KW  - Jupiter, satellites
KW  - Satellites, surfaces
KW  - Tectonics
KW  - Volcanism
N1  - Accession Number: 114393655; McGovern, Patrick J. 1; Email Address: mcgovern@lpi.usra.edu Kirchoff, Michelle R. 2 White, Oliver L. 3 Schenk, Paul M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Universities Space Research Association, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, United States  2: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 272, p246; Subject Term: MAGMAS; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: VOLCANIC ash, tuff, etc.; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: LITHOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Io; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter, satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tectonics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanism; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212316 Marble mining and quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.02.035
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114393655&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Farrell, W.M.
AU  - Hurley, D.M.
AU  - Zimmerman, M.I.
T1  - Corrigendum to Solar wind implantation into lunar regolith: Hydrogen retention in a surface with defects [Icarus 255 (2015) 116–126].
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 272
M3  - Article
SP  - 414
EP  - 414
SN  - 00191035
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - SURFACES (Physics)
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - HYDROGEN isotopes
N1  - Accession Number: 114393638; Farrell, W.M. 1,2; Email Address: william.m.farrell@nasa.gov Hurley, D.M. 2,3 Zimmerman, M.I. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, United States  2: NASA's Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 272, p414; Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: SURFACES (Physics); Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: HYDROGEN isotopes; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=114393638&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Palmieri, Frank L.
AU  - Belcher, Marcus A.
AU  - Wohl, Christopher J.
AU  - Blohowiak, Kay Y.
AU  - Connell, John W.
T1  - Laser ablation surface preparation for adhesive bonding of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites.
JO  - International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives
JF  - International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 68
M3  - Article
SP  - 95
EP  - 101
SN  - 01437496
AB  - Adhesive bonding of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) epoxy composites provides many advantages over mechanical fastening for assembling aerospace structures including weight savings, reduced manufacturing flow, and added structural efficiency. To ensure the reliability of bonded joints in primary airframe structures, the surface preparation method and execution are critical. Surface preparation is widely recognized as a key step in the bonding process and is one element of a bonding method that must be controlled to produce robust and predictable bonds in a precise and repeatable manner. Laser ablation of composite surface resin can provide an efficient, precise, and reproducible means of preparing composite surfaces for adhesive bonding. Advantages include elimination of physical waste (i.e., grit media and sacrificial peel ply layers that ultimately require disposal), reduction in process variability due to increased precision (e.g. monitoring laser parameters), and automation of surface preparation. This paper describes a surface preparation technique using a nanosecond, frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser source. Lap shear specimens were laser treated and tested and apparent shear strength and failure modes of lap shear specimens were used to assess mechanical performance over a three-year accelerated aging study by exposing bonded specimens to 71 °C (160 °F) and 85% relative humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
KW  - LASER ablation
KW  - EPOXY compounds
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - SURFACE preparation
KW  - Aging
KW  - Durability
KW  - Failure mode
KW  - Lap-shear
KW  - Nd:YAG pretreatment
N1  - Accession Number: 115825261; Palmieri, Frank L. 1; Email Address: frank.l.palmieri@nasa.gov Belcher, Marcus A. 2 Wohl, Christopher J. 1 Blohowiak, Kay Y. 2 Connell, John W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS226, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA  2: The Boeing Company, Seattle, WA 98124-2207, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 68, p95; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Subject Term: LASER ablation; Subject Term: EPOXY compounds; Subject Term: ADHESIVES; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: SURFACE preparation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Durability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Failure mode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lap-shear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nd:YAG pretreatment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325520 Adhesive Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2016.02.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115825261&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, Khairul
T1  - Introduction.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 340
EP  - 341
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - An introduction is presented which discusses various topics within the issue including aerospace engineer Edward (Ed) J. Rice and recipient of the 2014 AIAA Aeroacoustics Award, various aspects of turbulent flows and noise, and study on acoustics of rockets during launching.
KW  - AEROSPACE engineers
KW  - ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Launching
KW  - RICE, Edward J.
N1  - Accession Number: 116478661; Zaman, Khairul 1; Email Address: khairul.b.zaman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 15 Issue 4/5, p340; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineers; Subject Term: ROCKETS (Aeronautics) -- Launching; People: RICE, Edward J.; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1475472X16642360
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116478661&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Groeneweg, John F.
T1  - A tribute to Edward J. Rice on his receipt of the AIAA Aeroacoustics Award.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 343
EP  - 351
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The article offers profile of aerospace engineer Edward J. Rice who is also the recipient of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Aeroacoustics Award in 2014. Topics discussed include his work to learn to how to avoid combustion instability in rocket chambers, his work for the National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA) Quiet Engine Project to build three different engines with different pressure ratios and his contribution in the area of acoustic liner design.
KW  - AEROSPACE engineers
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - AMERICAN Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - RICE, Edward J.
N1  - Accession Number: 116478663; Groeneweg, John F. 1; Email Address: Khairul.B.Zaman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 15 Issue 4/5, p343; Subject Term: AEROSPACE engineers; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Company/Entity: AMERICAN Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics DUNS Number: 068238583 Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration DUNS Number: ; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; People: RICE, Edward J.; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1475472X16642124
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zaman, Khairul B. M. Q.
AU  - Raman, Ganesh
T1  - Edward J Rice and flow control studies for jets and shear layers at NASA Glenn Research Center.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 352
EP  - 366
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Dr. Edward (Ed) J Rice's most notable technical contributions are in the areas of duct acoustics and sound-absorbing liner technology, which are the subjects of several of the articles in this special issue. Starting in 1984 until his retirement in 1993, Dr. Rice led a ''shear flow control'' effort at NASA Glenn Research Center. Both authors of this article were part of that effort under his supervision. This article provides a brief overview of the various aspects of that effort, in the form of a narrative with minimal technical details. It covers research areas in which Ed had direct and indirect contributions and includes some activities that continued after his retirement through the mid-1990s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - SHEAR flow
KW  - ABSORPTION of sound
KW  - Fan noise
KW  - flow control
KW  - noise control
KW  - shear layers
KW  - turbulence
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
KW  - RICE, Edward J.
N1  - Accession Number: 116478664; Zaman, Khairul B. M. Q. 1; Email Address: khairul.b.zaman@nasa.gov Raman, Ganesh 2; Affiliation:  1: Inlets and Nozzles Branch, Propulsion Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Mechanical Materials and Aerospace Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 15 Issue 4/5, p352; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: SHEAR flow; Subject Term: ABSORPTION of sound; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fan noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: flow control; Author-Supplied Keyword: noise control; Author-Supplied Keyword: shear layers; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbulence; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; People: RICE, Edward J.; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1475472X16642130
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Envia, Edmane
T1  - Prediction of model scale turbofan exhaust tone noise.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 395
EP  - 429
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - This paper describes in detail the process for predicting, from first principles, the rotor-stator interaction tone levels for two realistic model-scale fans that are representative of high bypass ratio and ultrahigh bypass ratio turbofans. The prediction scheme relies on a suite of threedimensional computational tools that include Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes aerodynamic models and linearized inviscid aeroacoustic models. The goal of the study was to assess the accuracy of tone-level predictions for realistic fans operating under realistic conditions. The predictions were carried out over a wide range of operating conditions that include, but were not limited to the approach, cutback, and sideline conditions for each of the two fans. The in-duct and external tonal sound fields were computed at a representative blade passing frequency harmonic tone. The predicted tone sound pressure level and sound power level have been compared with the measurements acquired at a NASA anechoic wind tunnel. The data-theory comparisons are primarily focused on the exhaust tone levels due to lack of validated models for predicting the three-dimensional tone acoustic transmission through a rotor. The data-theory comparisons show that it is possible to make accurate predictions of the exhaust rotor-stator interaction tone power levels starting with the geometry of the fan stage. Specifically, the results demonstrate that the exhaust rotor-stator interaction tone power levels can be predicted to within ±1 dB on a consistent basis for rotor at subsonic tip relative speeds by including the three-dimensional geometry of the fan stage and its flowfield. Furthermore, using the predicted in-duct sound pressure levels, the basic trends in the directivity of the exhaust tone sound pressure level can also be predicted despite the complex nature of tone directivity for realistic fans and the complicated physics of sound refraction through the exhaust shear layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - AERODYNAMIC noise
KW  - ACOUSTIC wave propagation
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - Aeroacoustics
KW  - Fan Noise
KW  - Numerical Prediction
KW  - Rotor/Stator Interaction Tone Noise
N1  - Accession Number: 116478666; Envia, Edmane 1; Email Address: edmane.envia-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Acoustics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 15 Issue 4/5, p395; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC noise; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC wave propagation; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fan Noise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Numerical Prediction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotor/Stator Interaction Tone Noise; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1475472X16642134
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sutliff, Daniel L.
AU  - Dahl, Milo D.
T1  - Techniques for analyzing rotating rake mode measurements over passive treatment.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 430
EP  - 461
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - The NASA Glenn Research Center's rotating rake mode measurement system has been successful in measuring the modal content propagating in hard-wall ducts. This paper proposes an extension of the rotating rake measurement and analysis technique to treated sections by developing basis functions based on wall impedance boundary conditions for flow conditions (i.e. constant duct area and Mach number), where the closed-form analytical solution exists. Analytical equations developed to estimate mode power are incorporated. Using the impedance boundary conditions results in better mode measurement solutions. This method is verified by decomposing and analyzing radial pressure profiles generated numerically by the Eversman propagation code. Several modes, frequencies, and impedances are evaluated. For ducts with soft-walls and mean flow, the radial basis functions must be numerically computed. The linear companion matrix method is used to obtain both the eigenvalues of interest, without the need for an initial guess, and the radial basis functions. The governing equations allow for the mean flow to have a boundary layer at the wall. In addition, a nonlinear least-squares method is used to adjust the wall impedance to best fit the data in an attempt to use the rotating system as an in-duct wall impedance measurement tool. Simulated and measured data are used to show the effects of wall impedance and mean flow on the computed results. Data from an inlet of a low-speed ducted fan with several different impedance conditions on the outer wall were acquired and reduced to determine the best fit to the data. The methodology and analysis documented in this paper were directly inspired by the groundbreaking work of Dr. Edward J Rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines
KW  - BOUNDARY value problems
KW  - ACOUSTIC wave propagation
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - acoustic liners
KW  - duct mode measurement
KW  - passive treatment
KW  - rotating rake
KW  - turbo-machinery acoustics
KW  - NASA Glenn Research Center
N1  - Accession Number: 116478667; Sutliff, Daniel L. 1; Email Address: daniel.l.sutliff@nasa.gov Dahl, Milo D. 1; Affiliation:  1: Acoustics Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 15 Issue 4/5, p430; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Turbofan engines; Subject Term: BOUNDARY value problems; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC wave propagation; Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: acoustic liners; Author-Supplied Keyword: duct mode measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: passive treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: rotating rake; Author-Supplied Keyword: turbo-machinery acoustics; Company/Entity: NASA Glenn Research Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1475472X16642135
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horne, William C.
AU  - Burnside, Nathan J.
AU  - Panda, Jayanta
AU  - Brodell, Charles
T1  - Measurements of unsteady pressure fluctuations in the near-field of a solid rocket motor plume.
JO  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
JF  - International Journal of Aeroacoustics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 15
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 554
EP  - 569
SN  - 1475472X
AB  - Near-plume fluctuating pressures were measured during five static burns of a two-stage solid rocket motor. An array of 11 water-cooled dynamic pressure sensors was used for the near-field survey, and a condenser microphone was used to monitor the far-field acoustic fluctuations. During the initial high-thrust phase of the burn, the plume was nearly ideally expanded, while in the following low-thrust phase, it was highly over-expanded and showed the presence of clear shock patterns. This paper presents time histories and spectra measured for the two thrust conditions. Spectra from very close to the plume show high levels of low-frequency fluctuations which are known to produce significant vibro-acoustic response of the spacecraft structures. The far-field microphone signal was dominated by mixing noise with little evidence of contribution from shock-associated noise, even for the over-expanded condition. The work was performed in support of an effort to improve predictions of the acoustic environment of a manned spacecraft, such as NASA's Orion Crew Vehicle, during pad abort scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Aeroacoustics is the property of Sage Publications Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROCKET engines
KW  - SOUND pressure
KW  - PRESSURE sensors
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - ACOUSTIC field
KW  - launch vehicle acoustic loads
KW  - near-field rocket noise
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 116478674; Horne, William C. 1; Email Address: clifton.horne@nasa.gov Burnside, Nathan J. 1 Panda, Jayanta 1 Brodell, Charles 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 15 Issue 4/5, p554; Subject Term: ROCKET engines; Subject Term: SOUND pressure; Subject Term: PRESSURE sensors; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC field; Author-Supplied Keyword: launch vehicle acoustic loads; Author-Supplied Keyword: near-field rocket noise; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1177/1475472X16642357
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Barad, Michael F.
AU  - Brehm, Christoph
AU  - Kiris, Cetin C.
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
T1  - Parallel adaptive high-order CFD simulations characterising SOFIA cavity acoustics.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 437
EP  - 443
SN  - 10618562
AB  - This paper presents large-scale parallel computational fluid dynamics simulations for the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA). SOFIA is an airborne, 2.5-m infrared telescope mounted in an open cavity in the aft fuselage of a Boeing 747SP. These simulations focus on how the unsteady flow field inside and over the cavity interferes with the optical path and mounting structure of the telescope. A temporally fourth-order accurate Runge–Kutta, and a spatially fifth-order accurate WENO-5Z scheme were used to perform implicit large eddy simulations. An immersed boundary method provides automated gridding for complex geometries and natural coupling to a block-structured Cartesian adaptive mesh refinement framework. Strong scaling studies using NASA's Pleiades supercomputer with up to 32 k CPU cores and 4 billion computational cells show excellent scaling. Dynamic load balancing based on execution time on individual adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) blocks addresses irregular numerical cost associated with blocks containing boundaries. Limits to scaling beyond 32 k cores are identified, and targeted code optimisations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARALLEL algorithms
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL physics
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - higher order
KW  - immersed boundary
KW  - parallel CFD applications
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 119475904; Barad, Michael F. 1 Brehm, Christoph 1 Kiris, Cetin C. 1 Biswas, Rupak 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field,Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p437; Subject Term: PARALLEL algorithms; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL physics; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Author-Supplied Keyword: higher order; Author-Supplied Keyword: immersed boundary; Author-Supplied Keyword: parallel CFD applications; Company/Entity: STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618562.2016.1222073
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ceze, Marco A.
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
T1  - Global convergence strategies for a spectral-element space-time discontinuous-Galerkin discretization of the Navier Stokes–equations.
JO  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
JF  - International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 30
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 444
EP  - 449
SN  - 10618562
AB  - This paper presents two global convergence strategies for a spectral-element, space-time discretisation of the Navier–Stokes equations. The first employs a hierarchical temporal mesh subdivision and polynomial order reduction to approximate the high-order solution. The second generalises Pseudo-Transient Continuation for steady problems to a space-time system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - SPECTRAL analysis (Phonetics)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - CALCULATIONS & mathematical techniques in atomic physics
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - Newton continuation methods
KW  - space-time discretization
N1  - Accession Number: 119475909; Ceze, Marco A. 1 Murman, Scott M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 30 Issue 6, p444; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: SPECTRAL analysis (Phonetics); Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: CALCULATIONS & mathematical techniques in atomic physics; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Newton continuation methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: space-time discretization; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10618562.2016.1250348
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goldberg, Robert K.
AU  - Carney, Kelly S.
AU  - DuBois, Paul
AU  - Hoffarth, Canio
AU  - Harrington, Joseph
AU  - Rajan, Subramaniam
AU  - Blankenhorn, Gunther
T1  - Development of an Orthotropic Elasto-Plastic Generalized Composite Material Model Suitable for Impact Problems.
JO  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
JF  - Journal of Aerospace Engineering
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 08931321
AB  - The need for accurate material models to simulate the deformation, damage, and failure of polymer matrix composites under impact conditions is becoming critical as these materials are gaining increased usage in the aerospace and automotive industries. There are a variety of material models currently available within commercial transient dynamic finite-element codes to analyze the response of composite materials under impact conditions. However, there are several features that are lacking in the currently available models that could improve the predictive capability of the impact simulations. To address these needs, a combined elasto-plastic model with damage suitable for implementation within transient dynamic finite-element codes has been developed. A key feature of the improved material model is the use of tabulated stress-strain data in a variety of coordinate directions to fully define the stress-strain response of the material. Currently, the model development efforts have focused on creating the plasticity portion of the model. A commonly used composite failure model has been generalized and extended to a strain-hardening-based orthotropic yield function with a non-associative flow rule. The coefficients of the yield function are computed based on the input stress-strain curves using the effective plastic strain as the tracking variable. The coefficients of the flow rule are determined in a systematic manner based on the available stress-strain data for the material. The evolution of the yield surface is examined, in detail, for a sample composite. A numerical algorithm based on the classic radial return method is employed to compute the evolution of the effective plastic strain. A specific laminated composite is examined to demonstrate the process of characterizing and analyzing the response of a composite using the developed model. The developed material model is suitable for use within commercial transient dynamic finite-element codes for use in analyzing the nonlinear response of polymer composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aerospace Engineering is the property of American Society of Civil Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) -- Measurement
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AEROSPACE industries -- Research
KW  - AUTOMOBILE industry -- Equipment & supplies
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Research
KW  - Ballistic impact
KW  - Finite element method
KW  - Plasticity
KW  - Polymer matrix composites
N1  - Accession Number: 116207879; Goldberg, Robert K. 1; Email Address: Robert.K.Goldberg@nasa.gov Carney, Kelly S. 1; Email Address: Kelly.S.Carney@nasa.gov DuBois, Paul 2; Email Address: paul.dubois@gmx.net Hoffarth, Canio 3; Email Address: cmhoffar@asu.edu Harrington, Joseph 4; Email Address: jharrin4@asu.edu Rajan, Subramaniam 5; Email Address: s.rajan@asu.edu Blankenhorn, Gunther 6; Email Address: gunther@lstc.com; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Research Scientist, George Mason Univ., 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030  3: School of Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State Univ., 1151 S. Forest Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287  4: School of Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State Univ, 1151 S Forest Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287  5: Professor, School of Sustainable Engineering, Arizona State Univ., 1151 S. Forest Ave., Tempe, AZ 85287  6: Software Engineer, Livermore Software Technology Corporation, 7374 Los Positas Rd., Livermore, CA 94551; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p1; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics) -- Measurement; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries -- Research; Subject Term: AUTOMOBILE industry -- Equipment & supplies; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Research; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ballistic impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer matrix composites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 441110 New Car Dealers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336110 Automobile and light-duty motor vehicle manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336111 Automobile Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336211 Motor Vehicle Body Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 415110 New and used automobile and light-duty truck merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423110 Automobile and Other Motor Vehicle Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000580
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
T1  - Optimization of an Aeroservoelastic Wing with Distributed Multiple Control Surfaces.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1131
EP  - 1144
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper considers the aeroelastic optimization of a subsonic transport wing box under a variety of static and dynamic aeroelastic constraints. Three types of design variables are used: structural variables (skin thickness, stiffener details), the quasi-steady deflection scheduling of a series of control surfaces distributed along the trailing edge for maneuver load alleviation and trim attainment, and the design details of a linear quadratic regulator controller (for flutter suppression), which commands oscillatory hinge moments into those same control surfaces. Optimization problems are solved where a closed-loop flutter constraint is forced to satisfy the required flight margin, and mass reduction benefits are realized by relaxing the open-loop flutter requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118118341; Stanford, Bret K. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p1131; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033613
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Simon, Donald L.
AU  - Rinehart, Aidan W.
T1  - Sensor Selection for Aircraft Engine Performance Estimation and Gas Path Fault Diagnostics.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 138
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 071201-1
EP  - 071201-11
SN  - 07424795
AB  - This paper presents analytical techniques for aiding system designers in making aircraft engine health management sensor selection decisions. The presented techniques, which are based on linear estimation and probability theory, are tailored for gas turbine engine peiformance estimation and gas path fault diagnostics applications. They enable quantification of the peiformance estimation and diagnostic accuracy offered by different candidate sensor suites. For peiformance estimation, sensor selection metrics are presented for two types of estimators including a Kalman filter and a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator. For each type of peiformance estimator, sensor selection is based on minimizing the theoretical sum of squared estimation errors (SSEE) in health parameters representing peiformance deterioration in the major rotating modules of the engine. For gas path fault diagnostics, the sensor selection metric is set up to maximize correct classification rate (CCR) for a diagnostic strategy that performs fault classification by identifying the fault type that most closely matches the observed measurement signature in a weighted least squares sense. Results from the application of the sensor selection metrics to a linear engine model are presented and discussed. Given a baseline sensor suite and a candidate list of optional sensors, an exhaustive search is performed to determine the optimal sensor suites for performance estimation and fault diagnostics. For any given sensor suite, Monte Carlo simulation results are found to exhibit good agreement with theoretical predictions of estimation and diagnostic accuracies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Motors
KW  - SYSTEMS design
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
N1  - Accession Number: 115517530; Simon, Donald L. 1; Email Address: Donald.L.Simon@nasa.gov Rinehart, Aidan W. 2; Email Address: Aidan.W.Rinehart@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  2: Vantage Partners, LLC, 3000 Aerospace Parkway, Brook Park, OH 44142; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 138 Issue 7, p071201-1; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Motors; Subject Term: SYSTEMS design; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4032339
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackey, Jon
AU  - Dynys, Frederick
AU  - Hudak, Bethany
AU  - Guiton, Beth
AU  - Sehirlioglu, Alp
T1  - CoNiSbSn skutterudites: processing and thermoelectric properties.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 51
IS  - 13
M3  - Article
SP  - 6117
EP  - 6132
SN  - 00222461
AB  - N-type and p-type skutterudite samples with the composition CoNiSbSn were synthesized with composition range 0 < x < 2 and 3 < y < 5. Samples were pre-processed by solidification into ingots. Skutterudite phase formation was achieved by mechanical alloying the crushed ingots. The milled powders were consolidated to dense pellets by hot pressing. Thermoelectric measurements showed limited high-temperature performance below 400 °C. Skutterudite decomposition above 250 °C was detrimental to Seebeck coefficient. The thermoelectric transport properties can be tuned by varying the Co and Sn level. The lowest lattice thermal conductivity measured was 1.0 W m K for the Co level of 1.5. The Seebeck coefficient was positive for Co levels >0.8 and negative otherwise. Seebeck coefficients were low, ranging from −40 to 58 µV K. The combination of transmission electron microscopy with electron energy loss spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction established that Sn can substitute on 2a and 24g sites in the skutterudite structure. Due to the low Seebeck coefficients, the alloys exhibited low figure of merits (ZT) <0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SKUTTERUDITE
KW  - COBALT compounds -- Synthesis
KW  - THERMOELECTRIC effects
KW  - SOLIDIFICATION
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry)
KW  - TRANSMISSION electron microscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 114680286; Mackey, Jon 1; Email Address: jonathan.a.mackey@gmail.com Dynys, Frederick 2; Email Address: frederick.w.dynys@nasa.gov Hudak, Bethany 3; Email Address: bethany.hudak@uky.edu Guiton, Beth; Email Address: beth.guiton@uky.edu Sehirlioglu, Alp 1; Email Address: axs461@case.edu; Affiliation:  1: Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 44135 USA  3: Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506 USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 51 Issue 13, p6117; Subject Term: SKUTTERUDITE; Subject Term: COBALT compounds -- Synthesis; Subject Term: THERMOELECTRIC effects; Subject Term: SOLIDIFICATION; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Chemistry); Subject Term: TRANSMISSION electron microscopy; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-016-9868-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Crawford, Timothy J.
AU  - Miller, Charles E.
AU  - Drouin, Brian J.
AU  - Payne, Vivienne H.
AU  - Yu, Shanshan
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Gamache, Robert R.
T1  - Line parameters including temperature dependences of self- and air-broadened line shapes of 12C16O2: 1.6-μm region.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 177
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 144
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Pressure-broadened line shapes in the 30013←00001 (ν 1 +4 ν 2 0 +ν 3 ) band of 12 C 16 O 2 at 6228 cm −1 are reanalyzed using new spectra recorded with sample temperatures down to 170 K. High resolution, high signal-to-noise (S/N) laboratory measurements of line shapes (Lorentz air- and self-broadened half-width coefficients, pressure-shift coefficients and off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients) as a function of gas sample temperatures for various pressures and volume mixing ratios are presented. The spectra were recorded using two different Fourier transform spectrometers (FTS): (1) the McMath-Pierce FTS located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona (and reported in Devi et al., J Mol Spectrosc 2007;245:52-80) and, (2) the Bruker IFS-125HR FTS at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. The 19 spectra taken at Kitt Peak were all recorded near room temperature while the 27 Bruker spectra were acquired both at room temperature and colder temperatures (170-296 K). Various spectral resolutions (0.004–0.011 cm −1 ), absorption path lengths (2.46–121 m) and CO 2 samples (natural and 12 C-enriched) were included in the dataset. To maximize the accuracies of the various retrieved line parameters, a multispectrum nonlinear least squares spectrum fitting software program was used to adjust the ro-vibrational constants ( G , B , D etc.) and intensity parameters (including Herman-Wallis terms) instead of directly measuring the individual line positions and intensities. To minimize systematic residuals, line mixing (via off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements) and quadratic speed dependence parameters were included in the analysis. Contributions from other weakly absorbing bands: the 30013←00001 and 30012←00001 bands of 13 C 16 O 2 , the 30013←00001 band of 12 C 16 O 18 O, hot bands 31113←01101 and 32212←02201 of 12 C 16 O 2 , as well as the 40013←10001 and the 40014←10002 bands of 12 C 16 O 2, present within the fitted interval were also measured. Results from previous works and new calculations are compared to present measurements, where appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - PRESSURE
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - CO 2
KW  - Lorentz width
KW  - Pressure shift
KW  - Relaxation matrix element coefficients
KW  - Speed dependence
KW  - Temperature dependence
N1  - Accession Number: 114573291; Devi, V. Malathy 1; Email Address: malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 1 Sung, Keeyoon 2 Brown, Linda R. 2 Crawford, Timothy J. 2 Miller, Charles E. 2 Drouin, Brian J. 2 Payne, Vivienne H. 2 Yu, Shanshan 2 Smith, Mary Ann H. 3 Mantz, Arlan W. 4 Gamache, Robert R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA  5: Office of the Academic Affairs, Student Affairs, International Relations, University of Massachusetts, One Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 177, p117; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: PRESSURE; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO 2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz width; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure shift; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relaxation matrix element coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.12.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Crawford, Timothy J.
AU  - Yu, Shanshan
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Boudon, Vincent
AU  - Ismail, Syed
T1  - Spectral line parameters including line shapes in the 2ν3 Q branch of 12CH4.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 177
M3  - Article
SP  - 152
EP  - 169
SN  - 00224073
AB  - In this study, we report the first experimental measurements of spectral line shape parameters (self- and air-broadened Lorentz half-widths, pressure-shifts, and line mixing (via off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements) coefficients and their temperature dependences, where appropriate) for transitions in the 2ν 3 Q branch manifolds, Q(11)–Q(1) of methane ( 12 CH 4 ), in the 5996.5–6007-cm −1 region. The analysis included 23 high-resolution, high signal-to-noise laboratory absorption spectra recorded with the Bruker IFS-125HR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at JPL. The experimental data were obtained using 12 C-enriched 12 CH 4 and dilute mixtures of 12 CH 4 in dry air in the 130–296 K range using a room-temperature long path absorption cell and, two custom-built coolable cells. In the analysis, an interactive multispectrum fitting software was employed where all the 23 spectra (11 self-broadened and 12 air-broadened) were fit simultaneously. By carefully applying reasonable constraints to the parameters for severely blended lines, we were able to determine a self-consistent set of broadening, shift and line mixing (relaxation matrix coefficients) parameters for CH 4 –CH 4 and CH 4 –air collisions. In the majority of cases, a quadratic speed dependence parameter common for all transitions in each Q( J ) manifold was determined. However, temperature dependences of the Q branch line mixing parameter could not be determined from the present data. Since no other experimental line shape measurements have been reported for this Q-branch, the present results are compared to available values in the HITRAN2012 database. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL lines
KW  - MIXTURES
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - METHANE
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - 2ν 3 Q branch
KW  - Lorentz broadening
KW  - Methane
KW  - Pressure-induced shifts
KW  - Relaxation matrix element coefficients
KW  - Temperature dependences
N1  - Accession Number: 114573298; Devi, V. Malathy 1; Email Address: malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov Benner, D. Chris 1 Sung, Keeyoon 2 Brown, Linda R. 2 Crawford, Timothy J. 2 Yu, Shanshan 2 Smith, Mary Ann H. 3 Mantz, Arlan W. 4 Boudon, Vincent 5 Ismail, Syed 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA  5: Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47 870, F-21078 Dijon Cedex, France; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 177, p152; Subject Term: SPECTRAL lines; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: 2ν 3 Q branch; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-induced shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relaxation matrix element coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2015.12.009
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Sutradhar, P.
AU  - Sinyakova, T.
AU  - Buldyreva, J.
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Temperature dependences of self- and N2-broadened line-shape parameters in the ν3 and ν5 bands of 12CH3D: Measurements and calculations.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 177
M3  - Article
SP  - 181
EP  - 215
SN  - 00224073
AB  - This paper presents the results of a spectroscopic line shape study of self- and nitrogen-broadened 12 CH 3 D transitions in the ν 3 and ν 5 bands in the Triad region. We combined five pure gas spectra with eighteen spectra of lean mixtures of 12 CH 3 D and nitrogen, all recorded with a Bruker IFS-125 HR Fourier transform spectrometer. The spectra have been analyzed simultaneously using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting technique. N 2 -broadened line parameters for 184 transitions in the ν 3 band and 205 transitions in the ν 5 band were measured. In addition, line positions and line intensities were measured for 168 transitions in the ν 3 band and 214 transitions in the ν 5 band. We have observed 10 instances of weak line mixing corresponding to K ″=3 A1 or A2 transitions. Comparisons were made for the N 2 -broadening coefficients and associated temperature exponents with corresponding values calculated using a semi-classical Robert Bonamy type formalism that involved an inter-molecular potential with terms corresponding to short- and long-range interactions, and exact classical molecular trajectories. The theoretical N 2 -broadened coefficients are overestimated for high J values, but are in good agreement with the experimental values for small and middle range J values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROGEN
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - ENERGY bands
KW  - METHANE
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Methane
KW  - Mono-deuterated methane
KW  - Nitrogen-broadening
KW  - Temperature dependences of widths and shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 114573294; Predoi-Cross, A. 1; Email Address: adriana.predoicross@uleth.ca Malathy Devi, V. 2 Sutradhar, P. 1 Sinyakova, T. 3 Buldyreva, J. 3 Sung, K. 4 Smith, M.A.H. 5 Mantz, A.W. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alta., Canada, T1K 6R4  2: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  3: Institut UTINAM UMR CNRS 6213, Université fédérale Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25030 Besançon Cedex, France  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  6: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 177, p181; Subject Term: NITROGEN; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: ENERGY bands; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mono-deuterated methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen-broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependences of widths and shifts; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 35p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.01.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brune, Andrew J.
AU  - Hosder, Serhat
AU  - Edquist, Karl T.
T1  - Uncertainty Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interaction of a Deformable Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 654
EP  - 668
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The objective of this paper is to present the results of a detailed uncertainty analysis for high-fidelity fluid-structure interaction modeling of a deformable hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator at peak heating conditions for lifting Mars entry with a turbulent flow assumption. Uncertainty results are presented for the structural deformation response and surface conditions (pressure, shear stress, and convective heat transfer) of the inflatable decelerator with an efficient polynomial chaos expansion approach. The uncertainty results are compared with results obtained in a previous study for ballistic Mars entry. Approximately half of the flowfield and structural modeling uncertainties show at least 90% combined contribution to the inflatable decelerator deflection and resulting surface condition uncertainties. For lifting Mars entry, global nonlinear sensitivity analysis shows that the tensile stiffness of the inflatable structure's axial cords and radial straps and the torus torsional and tensile stiffnesses are the main contributors to the inflatable decelerator deflection uncertainty. As a result of these structural uncertainty contributions, the shape deformation contributes up to 10% of the uncertainty in the surface conditions. However, the freestream density dominates the uncertainty in the surface conditions experienced by the inflatable decelerator. In addition, the CO2-CO2 binary collision interaction is a significant contributor to aerodynamic heating and shear stress uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118057446; Brune, Andrew J. 1 Hosder, Serhat 1 Edquist, Karl T. 2; Affiliation:  1: Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p654; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33532
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mason, Michelle L.
AU  - Berry, Scott A.
T1  - Global Aeroheating Measurements of Shock-Shock Interactions on Swept Cylinder.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 53
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 678
EP  - 692
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The effects of the fin leading-edge radius and sweep angle on peak heating rates due to shock-shock interactions were investigated in the NASA Langley Research Center 20-Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel. The cylindrical leading-edge models, with radii varied from 0.25 to 0.75 in., represent wings or struts on hypersonic vehicles. A planar oblique shock at 16.7 deg to the flow intersected the fin bow shock, producing a shock-shock interaction that impinged on the fin leading edge. Three fin sweep angles were tested: 0, -15, and 25 deg (swept forward). Global temperature data were obtained from the surface of the fused silica fins using phosphor thermography. Metal oil-flow models were used to visualize the streamline patterns for each angle of attack. High-speed zoom-schlieren videos were recorded to show the features of the shock-shock interactions. The temperature data were analyzed using one-dimensional semi-infinite and one- and two-dimensional finite-volume methods. These results were compared to determine the proper heat transfer analysis approach to minimize errors from lateral heat conduction. The dimensional peak heat transfer coefficient augmentation increased with decreasing leading-edge radius. The dimensional peak heat transfer output from the two-dimensional code was about 20% higher than the value from a standard, semi-infinite one-dimensional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118057448; Mason, Michelle L. 1 Berry, Scott A. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p678; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33434
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hyeonsoo Yeo
AU  - Jain, Rohit
AU  - Jayaraman, Buvana
T1  - Investigation of Rotor Vibratory Loads of a UH-60A Individual Blade Control System.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 61
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Wind tunnel measurements of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor with an individual blade control (IBC) system are compared with calculations obtained using a Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS) and a coupled computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics (CFD/CSD) analysis using Helios. The effects of open-loop 3, 4, and 5/rev IBC on vibratory hub loads, rotor performance, and IBC actuator loads (pitch link loads) are investigated at high-speed, moderate-thrust and high-thrust, moderate-speed conditions. RCAS captures maximum vibratory hub load reduction values well for some cases, but phase is generally not well captured at all. The coupled analysis shows reasonably good correlation with the measured vibratory hub load variations with 3/rev IBC actuation at the high-speed condition. However, the vibratory hub load correlation is worse for 4 and 5/rev IBC actuations. IBC actuations also have a significant influence on rotor performance. Measured data show a maximum 2.2% rotor power reduction (3.9% increase in rotor lift to effective-drag ratio) using 3/rev IBC actuation with 0.9° amplitude at μ = 0.35. In general, the coupled analysis shows good correlation with the measured rotor power variations at both high-speed and high-thrust conditions. Half peak-to-peak IBC actuator load variations are well predicted by the coupled analysis only for the 3/rev IBC actuation at high speed. In general, correlation at the high-speed condition is better than for the high-thrust condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - VIBRATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - LOADS (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 116806381; Hyeonsoo Yeo 1; Email Address: hyeonsoo.yeo.civ@mail.mil Jain, Rohit 1 Jayaraman, Buvana 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate -- AFDD, Aviation and Missile Research, Development and Engineering Center, Research, Development, and Engineering Command, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Science and Technology Corporation, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 61 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: VIBRATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: BLACK Hawk (Military transport helicopter); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: LOADS (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.61.032009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116806381&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sullivan, Roy M.
T1  - Time-dependent stress rupture strength of Hi-Nicalon fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites at intermediate temperatures.
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 36
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1885
EP  - 1892
SN  - 09552219
AB  - The stress rupture strength of silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide (SiC/SiC) composites with a boron nitride (BN) fiber coating decreases with time within the intermediate temperature range of 700–950 °C. Various theories have been proposed to explain the cause of the time-dependent stress rupture strength. The objective of this paper is to investigate the relative significance of the various theories for the time-dependent strength of SiC/SiC composites. This is achieved through the development of a numerically-based progressive failure analysis routine and through the application of the routine to simulate the composite stress rupture tests. The progressive failure routine is a time-marching routine with an iterative loop between a probability of fiber survival equation and a force equilibrium equation within each time step. Failure of the composite is assumed to initiate near a matrix crack and the progression of fiber failures occurs by global load sharing. The probability of survival equation is derived from consideration of the strength of ceramic fibers with randomly occurring and slow growing flaws as well as the mechanical interaction between the fibers and matrix near a matrix crack. The force equilibrium equation follows from the global load sharing presumption. The results of progressive failure analyses of the composite tests suggest that the relationship between time and stress-rupture strength is attributed almost entirely to the slow flaw growth within the fibers. Although other mechanisms may be present, they appear to have only a minor influence on the observed time-dependent behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - FIBER-reinforced ceramics
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - Ceramic matrix composites
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Progressive failure analysis
KW  - Silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite
KW  - Time-dependent stress rupture strength
KW  - Time-to-failure
N1  - Accession Number: 113868869; Sullivan, Roy M. 1; Email Address: roy.m.sullivan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 36 Issue 8, p1885; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: FIBER-reinforced ceramics; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ceramic matrix composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Progressive failure analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-dependent stress rupture strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-to-failure; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.02.043
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Antolovich, Stephen D.
AU  - Busso, Esteban P.
AU  - Skelton, Peter
AU  - Telesman, Jack
T1  - High temperature materials for aerospace applications.
JO  - Materials at High Temperatures
JF  - Materials at High Temperatures
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 289
EP  - 290
SN  - 09603409
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including tools to increase engine efficiences, superalloys, and the behavior of high temperature materials.
KW  - ENGINES
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - HEAT resistant materials
N1  - Accession Number: 118805092; Antolovich, Stephen D. 1,2; Email Address: stevea@gatech.edu Busso, Esteban P. 3 Skelton, Peter 4 Telesman, Jack 5; Affiliation:  1: Professor, Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering Georgia Tech, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  2: Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164, USA  3: Scientific Directorate, ONERA, National Aerospace Research Centre, B.P. 80100, 91123 Palaiseau Cedex, France  4: Co-editor, Materials at High Temperatures, Guildford, UK  5: Senior Research Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 33 Issue 4/5, p289; Subject Term: ENGINES; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: HEAT resistant materials; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333618 Other Engine Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09603409.2016.1206294
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118805092&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
AU  - Bonacuse, Peter J.
T1  - Compositional effects on the cyclic oxidation resistance of conventional superalloys.
JO  - Materials at High Temperatures
JF  - Materials at High Temperatures
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 489
EP  - 500
SN  - 09603409
AB  - The 1100 °C cyclic oxidation performance of 25 Ni-base commercial and developmental alloys was compiled from an extensive database and ranked according to the 200 h weight change. Cyclic oxidation performance of superalloys is directly controlled by composition. These conventionally cast superalloys were composed of base elements [Ni-Co-Cr-Al], refractory elements [Nb-Mo-Ta-W], oxygen-active elements [Ti-Zr-Hf], light elements [B,C], and occasionally [V-Mn-Si], with P and S trace impurities. The oxidation results were broadly categorised as less than 4 mg/cm2 weight loss for alloys with high 5-6% Al and 3-9% Ta, and with low ≤ 1% Ti (wt.%). Conversely, weight loss of 200-300 mg/cm2 characterised alloys containing low < 3.5% Al, no Ta, and high > 3% Ti. These trends correlated with beneficial and detrimental scale phases previously reported. An unambiguous Cr effect was masked because of its strongly coupled, but inverse, correlation with Al. Multiple linear regression was used to fit alloy composition to a simple logarithmic weight change transform. The function contained 10 terms and yielded a correlation coefficient, r2, of 0.84. Various graphical representations helped to further illustrate, quantify, and predict complex oxidation effects within a 10-element compositional space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials at High Temperatures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - LOGARITHMS
KW  - REGRESSION analysis
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - Compositional effects
KW  - Cyclic oxidation
KW  - Scale phases
KW  - Superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 118805109; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: james.l.smialek@nasa.gov Bonacuse, Peter J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 33 Issue 4/5, p489; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: LOGARITHMS; Subject Term: REGRESSION analysis; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compositional effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyclic oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scale phases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 17 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09603409.2016.1160501
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nesbitt, James
AU  - Draper, Susan
T1  - Pit morphology and depth after low-temperature hot corrosion of a disc alloy.
JO  - Materials at High Temperatures
JF  - Materials at High Temperatures
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 501
EP  - 516
SN  - 09603409
AB  - Hot corrosion of the low solvus, high refractory (LSHR) disc alloy was studied at 700 °C. The purpose of this study was to determine the conditions which result in a discrete, isolated pit morphology and to examine the influence of SO2 gas additions and various salt concentrations on the depth of those pits. Three salts, pure Na2SO4 and two Na2SO4–MgSO4 compositions, were used. It was found that with a eutectic Na2SO4–MgSO4 salt, there was no significant increase in pit depth between 0 and 30 ppm SO2 when O2 was also present in the gas stream. Gas flow was observed to affect pit formation, but the variation in the position of the corrosion mounds/pits on the sample surface was unexpected. There was limited evidence that pit nucleation was not associated with grain boundaries or grain triple point junctions. An evolution from single, isolated pits, to coalesced pits, to overlapping pits on a single sample was observed. At higher SO2 concentrations, the extent of attack increased, resulting in a uniform type of attack morphology with significant metal loss across the sample surface. It was concluded that hot corrosion attack by pit formation for these conditions is not easily explained or predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials at High Temperatures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALLOYS
KW  - CORROSION & anti-corrosives
KW  - MORPHOLOGY
KW  - EUTECTICS
KW  - PHASE rule & equilibrium
KW  - GAS flow
KW  - corrosion
KW  - Disc
KW  - hot corrosion
KW  - LTHC
KW  - pits
KW  - pitting
KW  - Type II
N1  - Accession Number: 118805110; Nesbitt, James 1; Email Address: James.A.Nesbitt@nasa.gov Draper, Susan 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland OH, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 33 Issue 4/5, p501; Subject Term: ALLOYS; Subject Term: CORROSION & anti-corrosives; Subject Term: MORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: EUTECTICS; Subject Term: PHASE rule & equilibrium; Subject Term: GAS flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Disc; Author-Supplied Keyword: hot corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: LTHC; Author-Supplied Keyword: pits; Author-Supplied Keyword: pitting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Type II; Number of Pages: 16p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09603409.2016.1174476
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118805110&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Telesman, J.
AU  - Gabb, T. P.
AU  - Yamada, Y.
AU  - Draper, S. L.
T1  - Fatigue resistance of a hot corrosion exposed disk superalloy at varied test temperatures.
JO  - Materials at High Temperatures
JF  - Materials at High Temperatures
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 33
IS  - 4/5
M3  - Article
SP  - 517
EP  - 527
SN  - 09603409
AB  - The fatigue resistance of the hot corrosion pitted ME3 disk superalloy was investigated. Low cycle fatigue specimens were subjected to hot corrosion exposures that produced pits on the gage sections. These specimens were tested at varied temperatures and strain ranges. Corrosion pitting influenced fatigue life and failure mode by varying degrees, depending on temperature and strain range. As observed through interrupted tests, fatigue cracks initiated at a smaller fraction of life for high-temperature tests, in comparison to that at low temperatures. Correspondingly, the crack initiation failure mode changed significantly with test temperature. While cracks initiated from the hot corrosion pits for all test conditions, at 704 °C the intergranular initiation failure mode was dominant, whereas at the lower temperatures cracks initiated within the pits from crystallographic facets. Finite element analyses were performed to quantify the effect of varying pit dimensions and spacing on elastic stress concentration. The highest stress concentration was calculated to occur at the narrow ligaments between overlapping hot corrosion pits. Increasing the number of overlapping pits did not further add to the stress concentration. There was good qualitative agreement between the calculated stress concentrations and the location of crack initiations for tests conducted at 704 °C but not for tests conducted at 204 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials at High Temperatures is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - FATIGUE life (Materials science)
KW  - LOW temperatures
KW  - CORROSION & anti-corrosives
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - Corrosion pits
KW  - Fatigue resistance
KW  - Hot corrosion
KW  - Stress concentration
KW  - Superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 118805111; Telesman, J. 1; Email Address: ignacy.telesman-1@nasa.gov Gabb, T. P. 1 Yamada, Y. 2 Draper, S. L. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Formerly at Ohio Aerospace Institute, currently at Honeywell International, Torrance, CA 90504, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 33 Issue 4/5, p517; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: FATIGUE life (Materials science); Subject Term: LOW temperatures; Subject Term: CORROSION & anti-corrosives; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corrosion pits; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue resistance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hot corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress concentration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs, 8 Diagrams, 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/09603409.2016.1179000
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephenson, James D.
AU  - Kenyon, Julia C.
AU  - Symmons, Martyn F.
AU  - Lever, Andrew M.L.
T1  - Characterizing 3D RNA structure by single molecule FRET.
JO  - Methods
JF  - Methods
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 57
EP  - 67
SN  - 10462023
AB  - The importance of elucidating the three dimensional structures of RNA molecules is becoming increasingly clear. However, traditional protein structural techniques such as NMR and X-ray crystallography have several important drawbacks when probing long RNA molecules. Single molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) has emerged as a useful alternative as it allows native sequences to be probed in physiological conditions and allows multiple conformations to be probed simultaneously. This review serves to describe the method of generating a three dimensional RNA structure from smFRET data from the biochemical probing of the secondary structure to the computational refinement of the final model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Methods is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SINGLE molecules
KW  - FLUORESCENCE resonance energy transfer
KW  - NUCLEAR magnetic resonance
KW  - X-ray crystallography
KW  - RNA -- Molecular structure
KW  - 3D model
KW  - Fluorescence
KW  - FRET
KW  - RNA structure
KW  - Single-molecule
N1  - Accession Number: 116302647; Stephenson, James D. 1 Kenyon, Julia C. 2 Symmons, Martyn F. 3 Lever, Andrew M.L. 2; Email Address: amll1@medschl.cam.ac.uk; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK  3: Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 103, p57; Subject Term: SINGLE molecules; Subject Term: FLUORESCENCE resonance energy transfer; Subject Term: NUCLEAR magnetic resonance; Subject Term: X-ray crystallography; Subject Term: RNA -- Molecular structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: 3D model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: FRET; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single-molecule; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.02.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shemelya, Corey
AU  - Zemba, Mike
AU  - Liang, Min
AU  - Yu, Xiaoju
AU  - Espalin, David
AU  - Wicker, Ryan
AU  - Xin, Hao
AU  - MacDonald, Eric
T1  - Multi-layer archimedean spiral antenna fabricated using polymer extrusion 3D printing.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 58
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1662
EP  - 1666
SN  - 08952477
AB  - ABSTRACT This work describes the design, fabrication, and testing of an Archimedean spiral or spiral antenna using polymer extrusion 3D printing of polycarbonate base material. The spiral antenna design was simulated using CST Microwave Studio®, and the resulting 3D printed antenna characterized in terms of return loss, directivity, and polarization. The antenna design was embedded into a 3D printed structure using a unique ultrasonic method while a ground plane was inserted through a thermal embedding process. These fabrication methods provide process flexibility , which allows multiple conductive antenna layers to be additively constructed in a single build sequence. The method described can be used to create unique electromagnetic structures such as waveguides directly in a 3D printed dielectric part. The spiral antenna was tested with three variations of microstrip feed line used to match 50Ω impedance and introduce a 180° phase shift between the two arms of the spiral. These include a Duroid balun attached to feed of the antenna after fabrication, a Duroid balun embedded into the polycarbonate during fabrication, and the same microstrip design fabricated out of copper mesh and embedded into the structure using the polycarbonate as a dielectric substrate. The results of these three approaches will be discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:1662-1666, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THREE-dimensional printing
KW  - SPIRAL antennas
KW  - POLYCARBONATES
KW  - FABRICATION (Manufacturing)
KW  - POLARIZATION (Electricity)
KW  - 3D printing
KW  - Archimedean spiral
KW  - embedded electronics
N1  - Accession Number: 114786984; Shemelya, Corey 1 Zemba, Mike 2 Liang, Min 3 Yu, Xiaoju 4 Espalin, David 5 Wicker, Ryan 5 Xin, Hao 3 MacDonald, Eric 1; Affiliation:  1: ECE Department, UTEP  2: NASA Glenn Research Center  3: ECE Department, University of Arizona  4: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Arizona  5: Mechanical Engineering Department, UTEP, El Paso, Texas; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 58 Issue 7, p1662; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional printing; Subject Term: SPIRAL antennas; Subject Term: POLYCARBONATES; Subject Term: FABRICATION (Manufacturing); Subject Term: POLARIZATION (Electricity); Author-Supplied Keyword: 3D printing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Archimedean spiral; Author-Supplied Keyword: embedded electronics; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Diagrams, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.29881
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lyons, Joseph B.
AU  - Fergueson, William E.
AU  - Cals, Samantha D.
AU  - Richardson, Casey E.
AU  - Ho, Nhut T.
AU  - Sadler, Garrett G.
AU  - Wilkins, Mark A.
T1  - Trust of an Automatic Ground Collision Avoidance Technology: A Fighter Pilot Perspective.
JO  - Military Psychology (American Psychological Association)
JF  - Military Psychology (American Psychological Association)
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 28
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 271
EP  - 277
SN  - 08995605
AB  - The present study examined the antecedents of trust among operational Air Force fighter pilots for an automatic ground collision avoidance technology. This technology offered a platform with high face validity for studying trust in automation because it is an automatic system currently being used in operations by the Air Force. Pilots (N = 142) responded to an online survey which asked about their attitudes toward the technology and assessed a number of psychological factors. Consistent with prior research on trust in automation, a number of trust antecedents were identified which corresponded to human factors, learned trust factors, and situational factors. Implications for the introduction of novel automatic systems into the military are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Military Psychology (American Psychological Association) is the property of American Psychological Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERONAUTICS
KW  - AIR pilots
KW  - AUTOMATION
KW  - SURVEYS
KW  - TRUST
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - automatic ground collision avoidance system
KW  - aviation psychology
KW  - trust
KW  - trust in automation
KW  - UNITED States. Air Force
N1  - Accession Number: 120018752; Lyons, Joseph B. 1 Fergueson, William E. 1 Cals, Samantha D. 2 Richardson, Casey E. 3 Ho, Nhut T. 3 Sadler, Garrett G. 4 Wilkins, Mark A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio  2: Edwards Air Force Base, California  3: California State University  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  5: Office of the Secretary of Defense, Washington, D.C.; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 28 Issue 4, p271; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS; Subject Term: AIR pilots; Subject Term: AUTOMATION; Subject Term: SURVEYS; Subject Term: TRUST; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: automatic ground collision avoidance system; Author-Supplied Keyword: aviation psychology; Author-Supplied Keyword: trust; Author-Supplied Keyword: trust in automation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Air Force; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481211 Nonscheduled Chartered Passenger Air Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928110 National Security; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1037/mil0000124
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Gacesa, Marko
AU  - Montgomery Jr., John A.
AU  - Michels, H. Harvey
AU  - Côté, Robin
T1  - Production of NaCa+ molecular ions in the ground state from cold atom-ion mixtures by photoassociation via an intermediate state.
JO  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 94
IS  - 1
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 10502947
AB  - We present a theoretical analysis of optical pathways for formation of cold ground-state (NaCa)+ molecular ions via an intermediate state. The formation schemes are based on ab initio potential energy curves and transition dipole moments calculated using effective-core-potential methods of quantum chemistry. In the proposed approach, starting from a mixture of cold trapped Ca+ ions immersed into an ultracold gas of Na atoms, (NaCa)+ molecular ions are photoassociated in the excited E¹Σ+ electronic state and allowed to spontaneously decay either to the ground electronic state or an intermediate state from which the population is transferred to the ground state via an additional optical excitation. By analyzing all possible pathways, we find that the efficiency of a two-photon scheme, via either the B¹Σ+ or C¹Σ+ potential, is sufficient to produce significant quantities of ground-state (NaCa)+ molecular ions. A single-step process results in lower formation rates that would require either a high-density sample or a very intense photoassociation laser to be viable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - IONS
KW  - GROUND state (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 119569722; Gacesa, Marko 1,2; Email Address: marko.gacesa@nasa.gov Montgomery Jr., John A. 2 Michels, H. Harvey 2 Côté, Robin 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 94 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: IONS; Subject Term: GROUND state (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.013407
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119569722&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David R. Klassen
T1  - Principal Components Analysis of Martian NIR Image Cubes to Retrieve Surface Spectral Endmembers.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 128
IS  - 965
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - Presented here is a discussion of the complete principal components analysis (PCA) performed on all photometric NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) NSFCAM spectral image sets from 1995–2001 and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) spectral image sets from 2006–2008, detailing the similarities and differences and overall interpretation of the PC dimensional spaces. The purpose of the analysis is to use the PCA to recover surface spectral endmembers to be used in a full radiative transfer modeling program to recover ice cloud optical depths (and thus water content) over diurnal, seasonal, and interannual timescales. The PCA results show considerable consistency across all seasons, and can be optimized to increase the consistency through both spectral and geographic restrictions on the data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - NEAR infrared radiation
KW  - MARS Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120537861; David R. Klassen 1,2,3; Email Address: klassen@rowan.edu; Affiliation:  1: Rowan University  2: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 128 Issue 965, p1; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Subject Term: NEAR infrared radiation; Company/Entity: MARS Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/965/074501
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - F. Mullally
AU  - Jeffery L. Coughlin
AU  - Susan E. Thompson
AU  - Jessie Christiansen
AU  - Christopher Burke
AU  - Bruce D. Clarke
AU  - Michael R. Haas
T1  - Identifying False Alarms in the Kepler Planet Candidate Catalog.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 128
IS  - 965
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - We present a new automated method to identify instrumental features masquerading as small, long-period planets in the Kepler planet candidate catalog. These systematics, mistakenly identified as planet transits, can have a strong impact on occurrence rate calculations because they cluster in a region of parameter space where Kepler’s sensitivity to planets is poor. We compare individual transit-like events to a variety of models of real transits and systematic events and use a Bayesian information criterion to evaluate the likelihood that each event is real. We describe our technique and test its performance on simulated data. Results from this technique are incorporated in the Kepler Q1–Q17 DR24 planet candidate catalog of Coughlin et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FALSE alarms
KW  - CATALOGS
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120537867; F. Mullally 1; Email Address: fergal.mullally@nasa.gov Jeffery L. Coughlin 1 Susan E. Thompson 1 Jessie Christiansen 2 Christopher Burke 1 Bruce D. Clarke 1 Michael R. Haas 3; Affiliation:  1: SETI/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: NASA Exoplanet Science Instititute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 128 Issue 965, p1; Subject Term: FALSE alarms; Subject Term: CATALOGS; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 323111 Commercial Printing (except Screen and Books); NAICS/Industry Codes: 323119 Other printing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511190 Other publishers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511199 All Other Publishers; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/965/074502
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537867&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jeffrey E. Van Cleve
AU  - Steve B. Howell
AU  - Jeffrey C. Smith
AU  - Bruce D. Clarke
AU  - Susan E. Thompson
AU  - Stephen T. Bryson
AU  - Mikkel N. Lund
AU  - Rasmus Handberg
AU  - William J. Chaplin
T1  - That's How We Roll: The NASA K2 Mission Science Products and Their Performance Metrics.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/07//
VL  - 128
IS  - 965
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - NASA's exoplanet Discovery mission Kepler was reconstituted as the K2 mission a year after the failure of the second of Kepler's four reaction wheels in 2013 May. Fine control of the spacecraft pointing is now accomplished through the use of the two remaining well-functioning reaction wheels and balancing the pressure of sunlight on the solar panels, which constrains K2 observations to fields in the ecliptic for up to approximately 80 days each. This pseudo-stable mechanism gives typical roll motion in the focal plane of 1.0 pixels peak-to-peak over 6 hr at the edges of the field, two orders of magnitude greater than typical 6 hr pointing errors in the Kepler primary mission. Despite these roll errors, the joint performance of the flight system and its modified science data processing pipeline restores much of the photometric precision of the primary mission while viewing a wide variety of targets, thus turning adversity into diversity. We define K2 performance metrics for data compression and pixel budget available in each campaign; the photometric noise on exoplanet transit and stellar activity timescales; residual correlations in corrected long-cadence light curves; and the protection of test sinusoidal signals from overfitting in the systematic error removal process. We find that data compression and noise both increase linearly with radial distance from the center of the field of view, with the data compression proportional to star count as well. At the center, where roll motion is nearly negligible, the limiting 6 hr photometric precision for a quiet 12th magnitude star can be as low as 30 ppm, only 25% higher than that of Kepler. This noise performance is achieved without sacrificing signal fidelity; test sinusoids injected into the data are attenuated by less than 10% for signals with periods upto 15 days, so that a wide range of stellar rotation and variability signatures are preserved by the K2 pipeline. At timescales relevant to asteroseismology, light curves derived from K2 archive calibrated pixels have high-frequency noise amplitude within 40% of that achieved by Kepler. The improvements in K2 operations and science data analysis resulting from 1.5 years of experience with this new mission concept, and quantified by the metrics in this paper, will support continuation of K2's already high level of scientific productivity in an extended K2 mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SCIENTIFIC knowledge
KW  - EXPLORATION
N1  - Accession Number: 120537862; Jeffrey E. Van Cleve 1,2; Email Address: jeffrey.vancleve@nasa.gov Steve B. Howell 1 Jeffrey C. Smith 1,2 Bruce D. Clarke 1,2 Susan E. Thompson 1,2 Stephen T. Bryson 1 Mikkel N. Lund 3,4 Rasmus Handberg 4 William J. Chaplin 3,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  4: Stellar Astrophysics Centre (SAC), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 128 Issue 965, p1; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SCIENTIFIC knowledge; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/965/075002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537862&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lapotre, M. G. A.
AU  - Ewing, R. C.
AU  - Lamb, M. P.
AU  - Fischer, W. W.
AU  - Grotzinger, J. P.
AU  - Rubin, D. M.
AU  - Lewis, K. W.
AU  - Ballard, M. J.
AU  - Day, M.
AU  - Gupta, S.
AU  - Banham, S. G.
AU  - Bridges, N. T.
AU  - Marais, D. J. Des
AU  - Fraeman, A. A.
AU  - Grant, J. A.
AU  - Herkenhoff, K. E.
AU  - Ming, D. W.
AU  - Mischna, M. A.
AU  - Rice, M. S.
AU  - Sumner, D. A.
T1  - Large wind ripples on Mars: A record of atmospheric evolution.
JO  - Science
JF  - Science
Y1  - 2016/07//7/1/2016
VL  - 353
IS  - 6294
M3  - Article
SP  - 55
EP  - 58
SN  - 00368075
AB  - Wind blowing over sand on Earth produces decimeter-wavelength ripples and hundred-meter- to kilometer-wavelength dunes: bedforms of two distinct size modes. Observations from the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover and the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter reveal that Mars hosts a third stable wind-driven bedform, with meter-scale wavelengths. These bedforms are spatially uniform in size and typically have asymmetric profiles with angle-of-repose lee slopes and sinuous crest lines, making them unlike terrestrial wind ripples. Rather, these structures resemble fluid-drag ripples, which on Earth include water-worked current ripples, but on Mars instead form by wind because of the higher kinematic viscosity of the low-density atmosphere. A reevaluation of the wind-deposited strata in the Burns formation (about 3.7 billion years old or younger) identifies potential wind-drag ripple stratification formed under a thin atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Science is the property of American Association for the Advancement of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - WINDS -- Measurement
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - MARS Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 116649200; Lapotre, M. G. A. 1; Email Address: mlapotre@caltech.edu Ewing, R. C. 2 Lamb, M. P. 1 Fischer, W. W. 1 Grotzinger, J. P. 1 Rubin, D. M. 3 Lewis, K. W. 4 Ballard, M. J. 2 Day, M. 5 Gupta, S. 6 Banham, S. G. 6 Bridges, N. T. 7 Marais, D. J. Des 8 Fraeman, A. A. 1,9 Grant, J. A. 10 Herkenhoff, K. E. 11 Ming, D. W. 12 Mischna, M. A. 9 Rice, M. S. 13 Sumner, D. A. 14; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  5: Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA  6: Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK  7: Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  10: National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA  11: Astrogeology Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001-1698, USA  12: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, USA  13: Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225-9080, USA  14: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Source Info: 7/1/2016, Vol. 353 Issue 6294, p55; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: WINDS -- Measurement; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Company/Entity: MARS Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1126/science.aaf3206
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Saghaian, S.M.
AU  - Karaca, H.E.
AU  - Souri, M.
AU  - Turabi, A.S.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Tensile shape memory behavior of Ni50.3Ti29.7Hf20 high temperature shape memory alloys.
JO  - Materials & Design
JF  - Materials & Design
Y1  - 2016/07/05/
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 340
EP  - 345
SN  - 02613069
AB  - The effects of heat treatment on the shape memory characteristics of a polycrystalline Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 alloy were studied via thermal cycling under stress and isothermal stress cycling experiments in tension. It was revealed that transformation temperatures could be increased above 100 °C with aging at temperature above 500 °C and in particular were stabilized against stress-free thermal cycling after aging at 500 °C. Recoverable strain of ~ 5% was observed for the as-extruded samples and decreased to ~ 4% after aging due to the formation of non-transformable precipitates. The aged alloys demonstrated near perfect shape memory effect under tensile stresses as high as 700 MPa and perfect superelasticity at temperatures up to 230 °C. Finally, the tension-compression asymmetry observed in NiTiHf alloys was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials & Design is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on alloys
KW  - METALS -- Heat treatment
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - Heat treatments
KW  - NiTiHf
KW  - Shape memory alloys
KW  - Tensile testing
N1  - Accession Number: 115070070; Saghaian, S.M. 1 Karaca, H.E. 1; Email Address: karacahaluk@uky.edu Souri, M. 1 Turabi, A.S. 1 Noebe, R.D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials & Structures Division, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 101, p340; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Heat treatment; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat treatments; Author-Supplied Keyword: NiTiHf; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tensile testing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Inan, Kadriye
AU  - Sal, Fulya Ay
AU  - Rahman, Asif
AU  - Putman, Ryan J.
AU  - Agblevor, Foster A.
AU  - Miller, Charles D.
T1  - Microbubble assisted polyhydroxybutyrate production in Escherichia coli.
JO  - BMC Research Notes
JF  - BMC Research Notes
Y1  - 2016/07/09/
VL  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 17560500
AB  - Background: One of the potential limitations of large scale aerobic Escherichia coli fermentation is the need for increased dissolved oxygen for culture growth and bioproduct generation. As culture density increases the poor solubility of oxygen in water becomes one of the limiting factors for cell growth and product formation. A potential solution is to use a microbubble dispersion (MBD) generating device to reduce the diameter and increase the surface area of sparged bubbles in the fermentor. In this study, a recombinant E. coli strain was used to produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) under conventional and MBD aerobic fermentation conditions. Results: In conventional fermentation operating at 350 rpm and 0.8 vvm air flow rate, an OD600 of 6.21 and PHB yield of 23 % (dry cell basis) was achieved. MBD fermentation with similar bioreactor operating parameters produced an OD600 of 8.17 and PHB yield of 43 % PHB, which was nearly double that of the conventional fermentation. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that using a MBD generator can increase oxygen mass transfer into the aqueous phase, increasing E. coli growth and bioproduct generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BMC Research Notes is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROBUBBLES
KW  - POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE
KW  - ESCHERICHIA coli
KW  - WATER -- Dissolved oxygen
KW  - FERMENTATION
KW  - Dissolved oxygen
KW  - Fermentation
KW  - Microbubble
KW  - PHB
KW  - Polyhydroxybutyrate
N1  - Accession Number: 116734873; Inan, Kadriye 1 Sal, Fulya Ay 2 Rahman, Asif 3,4 Putman, Ryan J. 5 Agblevor, Foster A. 5 Miller, Charles D. 5; Email Address: charles.miller@usu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey  2: Department of Biology, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey  3: Bioengineering Branch, Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Ames, CA 94035-1000, USA  4: Universities Space Research Association, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Department of Biological Engineering, Utah State University, 4105 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322-4105, USA; Source Info: 7/9/2016, Vol. 9, p1; Subject Term: MICROBUBBLES; Subject Term: POLYHYDROXYBUTYRATE; Subject Term: ESCHERICHIA coli; Subject Term: WATER -- Dissolved oxygen; Subject Term: FERMENTATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dissolved oxygen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fermentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbubble; Author-Supplied Keyword: PHB; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polyhydroxybutyrate; Number of Pages: 7p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/s13104-016-2145-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Masashi Tsuge
AU  - Mohammed Bahou
AU  - Yu-Jong Wu
AU  - Louis Allamandola
AU  - Yuan-Pern Lee
T1  - THE INFRARED SPECTRUM OF PROTONATED OVALENE IN SOLID PARA-HYDROGEN AND ITS POSSIBLE CONTRIBUTION TO INTERSTELLAR UNIDENTIFIED INFRARED EMISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/07/10/
VL  - 825
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The mid-infrared emission from galactic objects, including reflection nebulae, planetary nebulae, proto-planetary nebulae, molecular clouds, etc, as well as external galaxies, is dominated by the unidentified infrared (UIR) emission bands. Large protonated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (H+PAHs) were proposed as possible carriers, but no spectrum of an H+PAH has been shown to exactly match the UIR bands. Here, we report the IR spectrum of protonated ovalene (7-C32H15+) measured in a para-hydrogen (p-H2) matrix at 3.2 K, generated by bombarding a mixture of ovalene and p-H2 with electrons during matrix deposition. Spectral assignments were made based on the expected chemistry and on the spectra simulated with the wavenumbers and infrared intensities predicted with the B3PW91/6-311++G(2d,2p) method. The close resemblance of the observed spectral pattern to that of the UIR bands suggests that protonated ovalene may contribute to the UIR emission, particularly from objects that emit Class A spectra, such as the IRIS reflection nebula, NGC 7023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - NEBULAE
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
N1  - Accession Number: 116790140; Masashi Tsuge 1; Email Address: tsuge@nctu.edu.tw Mohammed Bahou 1 Yu-Jong Wu 2 Louis Allamandola 3 Yuan-Pern Lee 1,4; Email Address: yplee@mail.nctu.edu.tw; Affiliation:  1: Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Sciences, National Chiao Tung University, 1001, Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan  2: National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, 101, Hsin-Ann Road, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan  3: The Astrophysics and Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Institute of Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Source Info: 7/10/2013, Vol. 825 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: NEBULAE; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/825/2/96
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Theodora Karalidi
AU  - Dániel Apai
AU  - Mark S. Marley
AU  - Esther Buenzli
T1  - MAPS OF EVOLVING CLOUD STRUCTURES IN LUHMAN 16AB FROM HST TIME-RESOLVED SPECTROSCOPY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/07/10/
VL  - 825
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - WISE J104915.57-531906.1 is the nearest brown dwarf binary to our solar system, consisting of two brown dwarfs in the L/T transition: Luhman 16A and B. In this paper, we present the first map of Luhman 16A, and maps of Luhman 16B for two epochs. Our maps were created by applying Aeolus, a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo code that maps the top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) structure of brown dwarf and other ultracool atmospheres, to light curves of Luhman 16A and B using the Hubble Space Telescope’s G141 and G102 grisms. Aeolus retrieved three or four spots in the TOA of Luhman 16A and B, with a surface coverage of 19%–32% (depending on an assumed rotational period of 5 hr or 8 hr) or 21%–38.5% (depending on the observational epoch), respectively. The brightness temperature of the spots of the best-fit models was ∼200 K hotter than the background TOA. We compared our Luhman 16B map with the only previously published map. Interestingly, our map contained a large TOA spot that was cooler (ΔT ∼ 51 K) than the background, which lay at low latitudes, in agreement with the previous Luhman 16B map. Finally, we report the detection of a feature reappearing in Luhman 16B light curves that are separated by tens of hundreds of rotations from each other. We speculate that this feature is related to TOA structures of Luhman 16B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - TIME-resolved spectroscopy
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - PRINCIPAL components analysis
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
N1  - Accession Number: 116790127; Theodora Karalidi 1; Email Address: tkaralidi@email.arizona.edu Dániel Apai 1,2,3 Mark S. Marley 4 Esther Buenzli 5; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 East University Boulevard, AZ 85721, USA  3: Earths in Other Solar Systems Team.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland; Source Info: 7/10/2013, Vol. 825 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: TIME-resolved spectroscopy; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: PRINCIPAL components analysis; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/825/2/90
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Underwood, Daniel S.
AU  - Tennyson, Jonathan
AU  - Yurchenko, Sergei N.
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Clausen, Sønnik
AU  - Fateev, Alexander
T1  - ExoMol molecular line lists - XIV. The rotation-vibration spectrum of hot SO2.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/07/11/
VL  - 459
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 3890
EP  - 3899
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Sulphur dioxide is well-known in the atmospheres of planets and satellites, where its presence is often associated with volcanism, and in circumstellar envelopes of young and evolved stars as well as the interstellar medium. This work presents a line list of 1.3 billion 32S16O2 vibration-rotation transitions computed using an empirically adjusted potential energy surface and an ab initio dipole moment surface. The list gives complete coverage up to 8000 cm-1 (wavelengths longer than 1.25 µm) for temperatures below 2000 K. Infrared absorption crosssections are recorded at 300 and 500 C are used to validated the resulting ExoAmes line list. The line list is made available in electronic form as supplementary data to this article and at www.exomol.com. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - SULFUR dioxide
KW  - VOLCANISM
KW  - VIBRATIONAL spectra
KW  - astronomical data bases: miscellaneous
KW  - molecular data
KW  - opacity
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
N1  - Accession Number: 116142274; Underwood, Daniel S. 1 Tennyson, Jonathan 1; Email Address: j.tennyson@ucl.ac.uk Yurchenko, Sergei N. 1 Xinchuan Huang 2 Schwenke, David W. 3 Lee, Timothy J. 4 Clausen, Sønnik 5 Fateev, Alexander 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, NAS Facility, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark; Source Info: 7/11/2016, Vol. 459 Issue 4, p3890; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide; Subject Term: VOLCANISM; Subject Term: VIBRATIONAL spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: astronomical data bases: miscellaneous; Author-Supplied Keyword: molecular data; Author-Supplied Keyword: opacity; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw849
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kuhn, Rudolf B.
AU  - Rodriguez, Joseph E.
AU  - Collins, Karen A.
AU  - Lund, Michael B.
AU  - Siverd, Robert J.
AU  - Colón, Knicole D.
AU  - Pepper, Joshua
AU  - Stassun, Keivan G.
AU  - Cargile, Phillip A.
AU  - James, David J.
AU  - Penev, Kaloyan
AU  - George Zhou
AU  - Bayliss, Daniel
AU  - Tan, T. G.
AU  - Curtis, Ivan A.
AU  - Udry, Stephane
AU  - Segransan, Damien
AU  - Mawet, Dimitri
AU  - Dhital, Saurav
AU  - Soutter, Jack
T1  - KELT-10b: the first transiting exoplanet from the KELT-South survey - a hot sub-Jupiter transiting a V = 10.7 early G-star.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/07/11/
VL  - 459
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4281
EP  - 4298
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We report the discovery of KELT-10b, the first transiting exoplanet discovered using the KELT-South telescope. KELT-10b is a highly inflated sub-Jupiter mass planet transiting a relatively bright V = 10.7 star (TYC 8378-64-1), with Teff = 5948 ± 74 K, log g = 4.319+0.020-0.030 and [Fe/H] = 0.09+0.11-0.10, an inferred mass M* = 1.112+0.055-0.061 M⊙ and radius R* = 1.209+0.047-0.035 R⊙. The planet has a radius Rp = 1.399+0.069-0.049 RJ and mass Mp = 0.679+0.039-0.038 MJ. The planet has an eccentricity consistent with zero and a semimajor axis a = 0.052 50+0.000 86 -0.000 97 au. The best-fitting linear ephemeris is T0 = 2457 066.720 45 ± 0.000 27 BJDTDB and P = 4.166 2739 ± 0.000 0063 d. This planet joins a group of highly inflated transiting exoplanets with a larger radius and smaller mass than that of Jupiter. The planet, which boasts deep transits of 1.4 per cent, has a relatively high equilibrium temperature of Teq = 1377+28-23 K, assuming zero albedo and perfect heat redistribution. KELT-10b receives an estimated insolation of 0.817+0.068-0.054 109 erg s-1 cm-2, which places it far above the insolation threshold above which hot Jupiters exhibit increasing amounts of radius inflation. Evolutionary analysis of the host star suggests that KELT-10b may not survive beyond the current subgiant phase, depending on the rate of in-spiral of the planet over the next fewGyr. The planet transits a relatively bright star and exhibits the third largest transit depth of all transiting exoplanets with V < 11 in the Southern hemisphere, making it a promising candidate for future atmospheric characterization studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS -- Masses
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - stars: individual: KELT-10
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - techniques: radial velocities
KW  - techniques: spectroscopic
N1  - Accession Number: 116142303; Kuhn, Rudolf B. 1; Email Address: rudi@saao.ac.za Rodriguez, Joseph E. 2; Email Address: rodriguez.jr.joey@gmail.com Collins, Karen A. 2,3 Lund, Michael B. 2 Siverd, Robert J. 4 Colón, Knicole D. 5,6,7 Pepper, Joshua 5; Email Address: joshua.pepper@lehigh.edu Stassun, Keivan G. 2,8 Cargile, Phillip A. 9 James, David J. 10 Penev, Kaloyan 11 George Zhou 12 Bayliss, Daniel 13,14 Tan, T. G. 15 Curtis, Ivan A. 16 Udry, Stephane 13 Segransan, Damien 13 Mawet, Dimitri 17,18 Dhital, Saurav 19 Soutter, Jack 20; Affiliation:  1: South African Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 9, Observatory 7935 Cape Town, South Africa  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vanderbilt University, 6301 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA  4: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Santa Barbara, CA 93117, USA  5: Department of Physics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 625 2nd St Ste 209 Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  8: Department of Physics, Fisk University, 1000 17th Avenue North, Nashville, TN 37208, USA  9: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  10: Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Colina El Pino, s/n, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  11: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  12: Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia  13: Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Gen`eve, Chemin des Maillettes 51, CH-1290 Sauverny, Switzerland  14: The Australian National University, Acton, ACT 2601 Australia  15: Perth Exoplanet Survey Telescope, Perth, Australia  16: 2 Yandra Street, Vale Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5081, Australia  17: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 249-17, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  18: European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile  19: Department of Astronomy, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth, Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA  20: Computational Engineering and Science Research Centre, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD 4350, Australia; Source Info: 7/11/2016, Vol. 459 Issue 4, p4281; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Masses; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KELT-10; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: radial velocities; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: spectroscopic; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw880
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116142303&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Chemyakin, Eduard
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Burton, Sharon
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
T1  - ARRANGE AND AVERAGE ALGORITHM FOR MICROPHYSICAL RETRIEVALS WITH A "3β+3α" LIDAR CONFIGURATION.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - We present the results of a comparison study in which a simple, automated, and unsupervised algorithm, which we call the arrange and average algorithm, was used to infer microphysical parameters (complex refractive index (CRI), effective radius, total number, surface area, and volume concentrations) of atmospheric aerosol particles. The algorithm normally uses backscatter coefficients (β) at 355, 532, and 1064 nm and extinction coefficients (α) at 355 and 532 nm as input information. We compared the performance of the algorithm for the existing "3β+2α" and potential "3β+3α" configurations of a multiwavelength aerosol Raman lidar or highspectral- resolution lidar (HSRL). The "3β+3α" configuration uses an extra extinction coefficient at 1064 nm. Testing of the algorithm is based on synthetic optical data that are computed from prescribed CRIs and monomodal logarithmically normal particle size distributions that represent spherical, primarily fine mode aerosols. We investigated the degree to which the microphysical results retrieved by this algorithm benefits from the increased number of input extinction coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - REFRACTIVE index
N1  - Accession Number: 116167319; Chemyakin, Eduard 1; Email Address: eduard.v.chemyakin@nasa.gov Müller, Detlef 1,2 Burton, Sharon 3 Hostetler, Chris 3 Ferrare, Richard 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 475, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA  2: University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield, AL10 9AB Hertfordshire, UK  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 401 A, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611923026
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Trepte, Chip
AU  - Young, Stuart
T1  - TOWARDS IMPROVED CIRRUS CLOUD OPTICAL DEPTHS FROM CALIPSO.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - This paper reviews recent advances regarding the retrieval of optical depths of semi-transparent cirrus clouds using synergetic analyses of perfectly collocated observations from the CALIOP lidar and the IIR infrared radiometer aboard the CALIPSO satellite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRRUS clouds
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
KW  - INFRARED radiometry
N1  - Accession Number: 116167244; Garnier, Anne 1,2; Email Address: anne.garnier@latmos.ipsl.fr Vaughan, Mark 2 Pelon, Jacques 3 Winker, David 2 Trepte, Chip 2 Young, Stuart 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA  3: Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS, IPSL, LATMOS, Paris, 75252, FRANCE  4: CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, 3195, AUSTRALIA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: CIRRUS clouds; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; Subject Term: INFRARED radiometry; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611916014
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Getzewich, Brian J.
AU  - Tackett, Jason L.
AU  - Kar, Jay
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Vaughan, Mark A.
AU  - Hunt, Bill
T1  - CALIOP CALIBRATION: VERSION 4.0 ALGORITHM UPDATES.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - The Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar, onboard the Cloud- Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite, has been providing a near continuous record of high-resolution vertical profiles of clouds and aerosols properties since the summer of 2006. Key to the generation of these vertical profiles is proper calibration of the 532 nm and 1064 nm channels. This abstract summarizes improvements to the calibration techniques used to calibrate the 532 nm and 1064 nm signals for the recent version 4 (V4) Lidar Level 1 data release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
N1  - Accession Number: 116167130; Getzewich, Brian J. 1; Email Address: brian.j.getzewich@nasa.gov Tackett, Jason L. 1 Kar, Jay 1 Garnier, Anne 1 Vaughan, Mark A. 2 Hunt, Bill 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI, 1 Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA, MS 475, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611904013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167130&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hair, Johnathan
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Behrenfeld, Michael
AU  - Butler, Carolyn
AU  - Harper, David
AU  - Hare, Rich
AU  - Berkoff, Timothy
AU  - Cook, Antony
AU  - Collins, James
AU  - Stockley, Nicole
AU  - Twardowski, Michael
AU  - Cetinić, Ivona
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Mack, Terry
T1  - COMBINED ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEAN PROFILING FROM AN AIRBORNE HIGH SPECTRAL RESOLUTION LIDAR.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - First of its kind combined atmospheric and ocean profile data were collected by the recently upgraded NASA Langley Research Center's (LaRC) High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) during the 17 July - 7 August 2014 Ship-Aircraft Bio-Optical Research Experiment (SABOR). This mission sampled over a region that covered the Gulf of Maine, open-ocean near Bermuda, and coastal waters from Virginia to Rhode Island. The HSRL-1 and the Research Scanning Polarimeter from NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies collected data onboard the NASA LaRC King Air aircraft and flight operations were closely coordinated with the Research Vessel Endeavor that made in situ ocean optical measurements. The lidar measurements provided profiles of atmospheric backscatter and particulate depolarization at 532nm, 1064nm, and extinction (532nm) from approximately 9km altitude. In addition, for the first time HSRL seawater backscatter, depolarization, and diffuse attenuation data at 532nm were collected and compared to both the ship measurements and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (NASA MODIS-Aqua) satellite ocean retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
KW  - TERRITORIAL waters
KW  - POLARISCOPE
KW  - MAINE, Gulf of
N1  - Accession Number: 116167288; Hair, Johnathan 1; Email Address: johnathan.w.hair@nasa.gov Hostetler, Chris 1 Yongxiang Hu 1 Behrenfeld, Michael 2 Butler, Carolyn 3 Harper, David 1 Hare, Rich 1 Berkoff, Timothy 1 Cook, Antony 1 Collins, James 3 Stockley, Nicole 4 Twardowski, Michael 5 Cetinić, Ivona 6,7 Ferrare, Richard 1 Mack, Terry 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA 23681, USA  2: Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  4: WET Labs, Inc., Narragansett, RI 02882  5: Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Ft. Pierce, FL 34946  6: University of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/USRA, Greenbelt, MD 20771  8: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Hampton, VA 23666; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; Subject Term: TERRITORIAL waters; Subject Term: POLARISCOPE; Subject Term: MAINE, Gulf of; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334516 Analytical Laboratory Instrument Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611922001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167288&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Obland, Michael D.
AU  - Harrison, F. Wallace
AU  - Nehrir, Amin R.
AU  - Browell, Edward V.
AU  - Ismail, Syed
AU  - Campbell, Joel
AU  - Dobler, Jeremy
AU  - Meadows, Byron
AU  - Fan, Tai-Fang
AU  - Kooi, Susan A.
T1  - Measurements of Atmospheric CO2 Column in Cloudy Weather Conditions using An IM-CW Lidar at 1.57 Micron.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - The article discusses measurements of atmospheric CO2 column in cloudy weather conditions using an intensity-modulated continuous-wave (IM-CW) Lidar at 1.57 Micron. It mentions data used in the study collected with the Multifunctional Fiber Laser Lidar (MFLL) during the Active Sensing of CO2 Emission over Nights, Days and Seasons (ASCENDS) 2011 summer and 2013 winter airborne flight campaigns. It adds column measurements to thick clouds was about a factor of 2 to 3 lower.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - AIRCRAFT carriers
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 116167114; Lin, Bing 1 Obland, Michael D. 1 Harrison, F. Wallace 1 Nehrir, Amin R. 1 Browell, Edward V. 2 Ismail, Syed 1 Campbell, Joel 1 Dobler, Jeremy 3 Meadows, Byron 1 Fan, Tai-Fang 4 Kooi, Susan A. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  2: STARSS II Affiliate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681  3: Exelis Inc., Ft. Wayne, IN 46818  4: Science System and Application, Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: AIRCRAFT carriers; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Company/Entity: NATIONAL Research Council (U.S.); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611903002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167114&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Newchurch, Michael J.
AU  - Shi Kuang
AU  - Leblanc, Thierry
AU  - Alvarez II, Raul J.
AU  - Langford, Andrew O.
AU  - Senff, Christoph J.
AU  - Burris, John F.
AU  - McGee, Thomas J.
AU  - Sullivan, John T.
AU  - DeYoung, Russell J.
AU  - Al-Saadi, Jassim
AU  - Johnson, Matthew
AU  - Pszenny, Alex
T1  - TOLNet - A Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Profiling Network for Satellite Continuity and Process Studies.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - Ozone lidars measure continuous, highresolution ozone profiles critical for process studies and for satellite validation in the lower troposphere. However, the effectiveness of lidar validation by using single-station data is limited. Recently, NASA initiated an interagency ozone lidar observation network under the name TOLNet to promote cooperative multiple-station ozone-lidar observations to provide highly timeresolved (few minutes) tropospheric-ozone vertical profiles useful for air-quality studies, model evaluation, and satellite validation. This article briefly describes the concept, stations, major specifications of the TOLNet instruments, and data archiving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - AIR quality -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 116167278; Newchurch, Michael J. 1; Email Address: mike@nsstc.uah.edu Shi Kuang 1 Leblanc, Thierry 2 Alvarez II, Raul J. 3 Langford, Andrew O. 3 Senff, Christoph J. 3,4 Burris, John F. 5 McGee, Thomas J. 5 Sullivan, John T. 5,6 DeYoung, Russell J. 7 Al-Saadi, Jassim 7 Johnson, Matthew 8 Pszenny, Alex 9; Affiliation:  1: Atmospheric Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35805, USA  2: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Wrightwood, CA 92397, USA  3: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305, USA  4: Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  6: Dept. of Atmospheric Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94031, USA  9: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Research; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611920001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167278&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
AU  - Yu, Jirong
AU  - Petros, Mulugeta
T1  - DOUBLE-PULSE TWO-MICRON IPDA LIDAR SIMULATION FOR AIRBORNE CARBON DIOXIDE MEASUREMENTS.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - An advanced double-pulse 2-μm integrated path differential absorption lidar has been developed at NASA Langley Research Center for measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide. The instrument utilizes a state-of-the-art 2-μm laser transmitter with tunable on-line wavelength and advanced receiver. Instrument modeling and airborne simulations are presented in this paper. Focusing on random errors, results demonstrate instrument capabilities of performing precise carbon dioxide differential optical depth measurement with less than 3% random error for single-shot operation up to 11 km altitude. This study is useful for defining CO2 measurement weighting function for adaptive targeting, instrument setting, validation and sensitivity trade-offs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide -- Analysis
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar
KW  - ERROR analysis (Mathematics)
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 116167136; Refaat, Tamer F. 1; Email Address: tamer.f.refaat@nasa.gov Singh, Upendra N. 1 Yu, Jirong 1 Petros, Mulugeta 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide -- Analysis; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar; Subject Term: ERROR analysis (Mathematics); Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611905006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167136&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodier, Sharon
AU  - Palm, Steve
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Yorks, John
AU  - McGill, Matt
AU  - Jensen, Mike
AU  - Murray, Tim
AU  - Trepte, Chip
T1  - Laser Remote Sensing from ISS: CATS Cloud and Aerosol Level 2 Data Products (Heritage Edition).
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - With the recent launch of the Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) we have the opportunity to acquire a continuous record of spacebased lidar measurements spanning from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) era to the start of the EarthCARE mission. Utilizing existing well-validated science algorithms from the CALIPSO mission, we will ingest the CATS data stream and deliver high-quality lidar data sets to the user community at the earliest possible opportunity. In this paper we present an overview of procedures necessary to generate CALIPSOlike lidar level 2 data products from the CATS level 1 data products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 116167129; Rodier, Sharon 1,2; Email Address: sharon.d.rodier@nasa.gov Palm, Steve 3,4 Vaughan, Mark 2 Yorks, John 3,4 McGill, Matt 4 Jensen, Mike 1,2 Murray, Tim 1,2 Trepte, Chip 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA USA  2: NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  3: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611904012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167129&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sawamura, Patricia
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Burton, Sharon
AU  - Chemyakin, Eduard
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
AU  - Ferrare, Richard
AU  - Kolgotin, Alexei
AU  - Ziemba, Luke
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas
AU  - Anderson, Bruce
T1  - Comparison of aerosol optical and microphysical retrievals from HSRL-2 and in-situ measurements during DISCOVER-AQ 2013 (California and Texas).
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - The combination of backscatter coefficients measured at 355, 532 and 1064 nm and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm (i.e. 3β+2α) can be used to retrieve profiles of optical and microphysical properties of aerosols, such as effective radius, total volume concentration and total number concentration. NASA LaRC HSRL-2 is an airborne multi-wavelength high spectral resolution lidar in operation that provides the full 3β+2α dataset. HSRL-2 was deployed during DISCOVER-AQ along with other airborne and ground-based instruments that also measured many aerosol parameters in close proximity to the HSRL-2 system, allowing us to evaluate the performance of an automated and unsupervised retrieval algorithm that has been recently developed. We present the results from California (Jan/Feb 2013) and Texas (Sep 2013) DISCOVER-AQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - EXTINCTION coefficients (Optics)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - CALIFORNIA
N1  - Accession Number: 116167307; Sawamura, Patricia 1,2; Email Address: patricia.sawamura@nasa.gov Müller, Detlef 3 Burton, Sharon 1 Chemyakin, Eduard 1,4 Hostetler, Chris 1 Ferrare, Richard 1 Kolgotin, Alexei 5 Ziemba, Luke 1 Beyersdorf, Andreas 1 Anderson, Bruce 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Oak Ridge Associated Universities, TN, USA  3: University of Hertfordshire, UK  4: Science System and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  5: Physics Instrumentation Center, Troitsk, Russia; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: EXTINCTION coefficients (Optics); Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: CALIFORNIA; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611923014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167307&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Singh, Upendra N.
AU  - Refaat, Tamer F.
AU  - Petros, Mulugeta
AU  - Yu, Jirong
T1  - TRIPLE-PULSED TWO-MICRON INTEGRATED PATH DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR: A NEW ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING CAPABILITY WITH PATH TO SPACE.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - The two-micron wavelength is suitable for monitoring atmospheric water vapor and carbon dioxide, the two most dominant greenhouse gases. Recent advances in 2-µm laser technology paved the way for constructing state-of-the-art lidar transmitters for active remote sensing applications. In this paper, a new triple-pulsed 2- µm integrated path differential absorption lidar is presented. This lidar is capable of measuring either two species or single specie with two different weighting functions, simultaneously and independently. Development of this instrument is conducted at NASA Langley Research Center. Instrument scaling for projected future space missions will be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
N1  - Accession Number: 116167106; Singh, Upendra N. 1; Email Address: upendra.n.singh@nasa.gov Refaat, Tamer F. 1 Petros, Mulugeta 1 Yu, Jirong 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611902001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167106&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spuler, Scott
AU  - Repasky, Kevin
AU  - Morley, Bruce
AU  - Moen, Drew
AU  - Weckwerth, Tammy
AU  - Hayman, Matt
AU  - Nehrir, Amin
T1  - ADVANCES IN DIODE-LASER-BASED WATER VAPOR DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION LIDAR.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - An advanced diode-laser-based water vapor differential absorption lidar (WV-DIAL) has been developed. The next generation design was built on the success of previous diode-laser-based prototypes and enables accurate measurement of water vapor closer to the ground surface, in rapidly changing atmospheric conditions, and in daytime cloudy conditions up to cloud base. The lidar provides up to 1 min resolution, 150 m range resolved measurements of water vapor in a broad range of atmospheric conditions. A description of the instrument and results from its initial field test in 2014 are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR lasers
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor -- Measurement
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
N1  - Accession Number: 116167108; Spuler, Scott 1; Email Address: spuler@ucar.edu Repasky, Kevin 2 Morley, Bruce 1 Moen, Drew 2 Weckwerth, Tammy 1 Hayman, Matt 1 Nehrir, Amin 3; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307, USA  2: Montana State University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR lasers; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor -- Measurement; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611902003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167108&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Zhaoyan Liu
AU  - Yong-Xiang Hu
AU  - Powell, Kathleen
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Rodier, Sharon
AU  - Hunt, William
AU  - Kar, Jayanta
AU  - Tackett, Jason
AU  - Getzewich, Brian
AU  - Kam-Pui Lee
T1  - CLOUD-AEROSOL INTERACTIONS: RETRIEVING AEROSOL ÅNGSTRÖM EXPONENTS FROM CALIPSO MEASUREMENTS OF OPAQUE WATER CLOUDS.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - The article discusses a technique that uses satellite CALIPSO measurements of opaque water clouds to derive optical depths and Ångström exponents for overlying aerosol layers. It mentions changes to the expected measurement of layer-integrated attenuated backscatter that can be used to infer the optical properties of overlying layers. It adds two-way transmittance of the water cloud.
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - BACKSCATTERING
KW  - OPTICAL properties
N1  - Accession Number: 116167193; Vaughan, Mark 1; Email Address: mark.a.vaughan@nasa.gov Zhaoyan Liu 1,2 Yong-Xiang Hu 1 Powell, Kathleen 1 Omar, Ali 1 Rodier, Sharon 1,2 Hunt, William 1,2 Kar, Jayanta 1,2 Tackett, Jason 1,2 Getzewich, Brian 1,2 Kam-Pui Lee 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: BACKSCATTERING; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611911001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167193&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Winker, Dave
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Tackett, Jason
T1  - GLOBAL AEROSOL DIRECT RADIATIVE EFFECT FROM CALIOP AND C3M.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - Aerosols are responsible for the largest uncertainties in current estimates of climate forcing. These uncertainties are due in part to the limited abilities of passive sensors to retrieve aerosols in cloudy skies. We use a dataset which merges CALIOP observations together with other A-train observations to estimate aerosol radiative effects in cloudy skies as well as in cloud-free skies. The results can be used to quantify the reduction of aerosol radiative effects in cloudy skies relative to clear skies and to reduce current uncertainties in aerosol radiative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Laser observations
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
KW  - SATELLITE meteorology
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 116167283; Winker, Dave 1; Email Address: david.m.winker@nasa.gov Kato, Seiji 1 Tackett, Jason 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681  2: SSAI, Hampton, VA, 23666; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Laser observations; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; Subject Term: SATELLITE meteorology; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611921001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167283&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xiaomei Lu
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Lucker, Patricia L.
AU  - Trepte, Charles
T1  - FOREST CANOPY HEIGHT ESTIMATION FROM CALIPSO LIDAR MEASUREMENT.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - The canopy height is an important parameter in aboveground biomass estimation. Lidar remote sensing from airborne or satellite platforms, has a unique capability for forestry applications. This study introduces an innovative concept to estimate canopy height using CALIOP two wavelengths lidar measurements. One main advantage is that the concept proposed here is dependent on the penetration depths at two wavelengths without making assumption about the last peak of waveform as the ground location, and it does not require the ancillary Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data in order to obtain the slope information of terrain. Canopy penetration depths at two wavelengths indicate moderately strong relationships for estimating the canopy height. Results show that the CALIOP-derived canopy heights were highly correlated with the ICESat/GLAS-derived values with a mean RMSE of 3.4 m and correlation coefficient (R) of 0.89. Our findings present a relationship between the penetration difference and canopy height, which can be used as another metrics for canopy height estimation, except the full waveforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - DIGITAL elevation models
N1  - Accession Number: 116167292; Xiaomei Lu 1 Yongxiang Hu 2; Email Address: Yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov Lucker, Patricia L. 1 Trepte, Charles 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: DIGITAL elevation models; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611922005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167292&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Behrenfeld, Mike
AU  - Hostetler, Chris
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
AU  - Trepte, Charles
AU  - Hair, John
AU  - Slade, Wayne
AU  - Cetinic, Ivona
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Xiaomei Lu
AU  - Pengwang Zhai
AU  - Weimer, Carl
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Verhappen, Carolus C.
AU  - Butler, Carolyn
AU  - Zhaoyan Liu
AU  - Hunt, Bill
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Rodier, Sharon
AU  - Lifermann, Anne
T1  - OCEAN LIDAR MEASUREMENTS OF BEAM ATTENUATION AND A ROADMAP TO ACCURATE PHYTOPLANKTON BIOMASS ESTIMATES.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - Beam attenuation coefficient, c, provides an important optical index of plankton standing stocks, such as phytoplankton biomass and total particulate carbon concentration. Unfortunately, c has proven difficult to quantify through remote sensing. Here, we introduce an innovative approach for estimating c using lidar depolarization measurements and diffuse attenuation coefficients from ocean color products or lidar measurements of Brillouin scattering. The new approach is based on a theoretical formula established from Monte Carlo simulations that links the depolarization ratio of sea water to the ratio of diffuse attenuation Kd and beam attenuation C (i.e., a multiple scattering factor). On July 17, 2014, the CALIPSO satellite was tilted 30° off-nadir for one nighttime orbit in order to minimize ocean surface backscatter and demonstrate the lidar ocean subsurface measurement concept from space. Depolarization ratios of ocean subsurface backscatter are measured accurately. Beam attenuation coefficients computed from the depolarization ratio measurements compare well with empirical estimates from ocean color measurements. We further verify the beam attenuation coefficient retrievals using aircraftbased high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) data that are collocated with in-water optical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - PHYTOPLANKTON
KW  - BIOMASS
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - ATTENUATION coefficients
N1  - Accession Number: 116167290; Yongxiang Hu 1; Email Address: Yongxiang.hu-1@nasa.gov Behrenfeld, Mike 2 Hostetler, Chris 1 Pelon, Jacques 3 Trepte, Charles 1 Hair, John 1 Slade, Wayne 4 Cetinic, Ivona 5 Vaughan, Mark 1 Xiaomei Lu 1 Pengwang Zhai 6 Weimer, Carl 7 Winker, David 1 Verhappen, Carolus C. 1 Butler, Carolyn 1 Zhaoyan Liu 1 Hunt, Bill 1 Omar, Ali 1 Rodier, Sharon 1 Lifermann, Anne 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Oregon State University, Corvalis, OR, USA  3: Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, France  4: Sequoia Sci. Inc., USA  5: University of Maine, Walpole, ME 04573  6: UMBC, MD, USA  7: Ball Aerospace Corp., CO, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: PHYTOPLANKTON; Subject Term: BIOMASS; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: ATTENUATION coefficients; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611922003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116167290&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yu, Jirong
AU  - Petros, Mulugeta
AU  - Refaat, Tamer
AU  - Reithmaier, Karl
AU  - Remus, Ruben
AU  - Singh, Upendra
AU  - Johnson, Will
AU  - Boyer, Charlie
AU  - Fay, James
AU  - Johnston, Susan
AU  - Murchison, Luke
T1  - AIRBORNE 2-MICRON DOUBLE PULSED DIRECT DETECTION IPDA LIDAR FOR ATMOSPHERIC CO2 MEASUREMENT.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - An airborne 2-micron double-pulsed Integrated Path Differential Absorption (IPDA) lidar has been developed for atmospheric CO2 measurements. This new instrument has been flown in spring of 2014 for a total of ten flights with 27 flight hours. This IPDA lidar provides high precision measurement capability by unambiguously eliminating contamination from aerosols and clouds that can bias the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide -- Analysis
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
KW  - CLOUDS
N1  - Accession Number: 116167116; Yu, Jirong 1; Email Address: j.yu@nasa.gov Petros, Mulugeta 1 Refaat, Tamer 1 Reithmaier, Karl 2 Remus, Ruben 1 Singh, Upendra 1 Johnson, Will 3 Boyer, Charlie 1 Fay, James 1 Johnston, Susan 2 Murchison, Luke 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 468, Hampton, VA 23681 USA  2: Science System & Applications, Inc, One Enterprise Parkway, Hampton, Virginia 23666 USA  3: Michigan Aerospace Corporation, 1777 Highland Dr. # B, Ann Arbor, MI 48108 USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide -- Analysis; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611903004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhaoyan Liu
AU  - Winker, David
AU  - Omar, Ali
AU  - Vaughan, Mark
AU  - Kar, Jayanta
AU  - Trepte, Charles
AU  - Yongxiang Hu
AU  - Schuster, Gregory
AU  - Young, Stuart
T1  - AEROSOL OPTICAL PROPERTIES ABOVE OPAQUE WATER CLOUDS DERIVED FROM THE CALIOP VERSION 4 LEVEL 1 DATA.
JO  - EPJ Web of Conferences
JF  - EPJ Web of Conferences
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 119
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 2100014X
AB  - In a previous study we evaluated the above-cloud aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval at 532 nm in the CALIOP version 3 (V3) data products for two selected spatial domains along the Saharan dust transport pathway and African smoke transport pathway. In that study we rescaled the V3 level-1 (L1) data to compensate for known V3 calibration biases, and then derived aerosol intrinsic properties such as lidar ratio (Sa) and particulate depolarization ratio (PDR) for comparison with the CALIOP dust and smoke aerosol models. The calibration of the recently released version 4 (V4) CALIPSO L1 data product is significantly improved over V3. So in this paper we repeat our previous analysis using the new V4 L1 data. A comparison shows that our rescaled V3 and the new V4 data are different only by ~1% in the two selected spatial domains. The retrieved AOD values decrease by ~2.6% in both domains from V3 to V4. When the data is screened to exclude weakly scattering layers, the median Sa retrieved from the V4 L1 data in the dust transport region is reduced by 1.4 sr to 43.0±8.3 sr. The median Sa value in the smoke transport region is increased by 0.8 sr to 71.2±15.1 sr. The PDR values remain almost unchanged for the screened data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of EPJ Web of Conferences is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - DUST
KW  - SMOKE
KW  - SCATTERING (Physics)
N1  - Accession Number: 116167127; Zhaoyan Liu 1,2; Email Address: Zhaoyan.liu@nasa.gov Winker, David 2 Omar, Ali 2 Vaughan, Mark 2 Kar, Jayanta 1,2 Trepte, Charles 2 Yongxiang Hu 2 Schuster, Gregory 2 Young, Stuart 3; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc. Hampton, VA23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA23681, USA  3: CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, 3195, Australia; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 119, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: DUST; Subject Term: SMOKE; Subject Term: SCATTERING (Physics); Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1051/epjconf/201611904010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hurley, Dana M.
AU  - Cook, Jason C.
AU  - Benna, Mehdi
AU  - Halekas, Jasper S.
AU  - Feldman, Paul D.
AU  - Retherford, Kurt D.
AU  - Hodges, R. Richard
AU  - Grava, Cesare
AU  - Mahaffy, Paul
AU  - Gladstone, G. Randall
AU  - Greathouse, Thomas
AU  - Kaufmann, David E.
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
T1  - Understanding temporal and spatial variability of the lunar helium atmosphere using simultaneous observations from LRO, LADEE, and ARTEMIS.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 273
M3  - Article
SP  - 45
EP  - 52
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Simultaneous measurements of helium in the exosphere of the Moon are made from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) and the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) Neutral Mass Spectrometer (NMS) through the entire 5-month span of the LADEE mission. In addition, the ARTEMIS mission monitored the solar wind alpha particle flux to the Moon. Modeling the lunar helium exosphere, we relate the LAMP polar observations to the LADEE equatorial observations. Further, using the ARTEMIS alpha flux in the Monte Carlo model reproduces the temporal variations in helium density. Comparing the LAMP data to the LADEE data shows excellent agreement. Comparing those with the ARTEMIS data reveals that the solar wind alpha flux is the primary driver to variability in the helium exosphere throughout the LADEE mission. Using a decay time for exospheric helium of 5 days, we determine that the solar wind contributes 64 ± 5% of the helium to the lunar exosphere. The remaining 36 ± 5% is presumed to come from outgassing of radiogenic helium from the interior of the Moon. Furthermore, the model reproduces the measurements if 63 ± 6% of the incident alpha particles are converted to thermalized helium atoms through the interaction between the alphas and the lunar surface. However, these values are dependent on both inferred source rates from LAMP and LADEE observations and on the assumed time constant of the exospheric decay rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXOSPHERE
KW  - HELIUM
KW  - AERIAL photography
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - MOON
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - Atmospheres, evolution
KW  - Moon
KW  - Solar wind
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - LUNAR Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 115024189; Hurley, Dana M. 1 Cook, Jason C. 2 Benna, Mehdi 3 Halekas, Jasper S. 4 Feldman, Paul D. 5 Retherford, Kurt D. 6 Hodges, R. Richard 7 Grava, Cesare 6 Mahaffy, Paul 3 Gladstone, G. Randall 6 Greathouse, Thomas 6 Kaufmann, David E. 2 Elphic, Richard C. 8 Stern, S. Alan 2; Affiliation:  1: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  2: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA  5: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  6: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA  7: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 273, p45; Subject Term: EXOSPHERE; Subject Term: HELIUM; Subject Term: AERIAL photography; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Company/Entity: LUNAR Reconnaissance Orbiter (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541920 Photographic services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541922 Commercial Photography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.09.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gupta, Rakesh K.
AU  - Pandya, Ruchi
AU  - Sieffert, Theodore
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
T1  - Multiplexed electrochemical immunosensor for label-free detection of cardiac markers using a carbon nanofiber array chip.
JO  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
JF  - Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 773
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 62
SN  - 15726657
AB  - We present an electrochemical multianalyte or multiplexed immunosensor for simultaneous label free detection of cardiac markers panel, comprising of C-reactive protein, cardiac troponin-I and myoglobin. The multi-electrode biosensor chip contains nine identical but electrically isolated microelectrodes arranged in a 3 × 3 array configuration. Each electrode contains carbon nanofiber nanoelectrodes grown vertically using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A hydrophobic photoresist layer, lithographically etched on the chip, exposes the electrodes and helps to selectively immobilize the antibody probes for the three target cardiac biomarkers using carbodiimide chemistry. The real-time label free detection of the three cardiac markers from a mixture is demonstrated with high sensitivity and selectivity. Detection in complex protein mixtures in human blood serum does not show any false positives from non-specific protein adsorption. The results show that the present sensor can serve as a miniaturized, low cost lab-on-a-chip system for the detection of various biomarkers in healthcare, environmental monitoring and security applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - BIOCHEMICAL markers
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors
KW  - MEDICAL care
KW  - MICROELECTRODES
KW  - Biosensors
KW  - Cardiac proteins
KW  - Differential pulse voltammetry
KW  - Electrochemical multianalyte immunosensor
KW  - Nanoelectrode array
KW  - Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers
N1  - Accession Number: 115741590; Gupta, Rakesh K. 1 Pandya, Ruchi 1 Sieffert, Theodore 1 Meyyappan, M. 1 Koehne, Jessica E. 1; Email Address: Jessica.e.koehne@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 773, p53; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: BIOCHEMICAL markers; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors; Subject Term: MEDICAL care; Subject Term: MICROELECTRODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cardiac proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Differential pulse voltammetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrochemical multianalyte immunosensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nanoelectrode array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.04.034
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kowalski, B.
AU  - Sayir, A.
AU  - Sehirlioglu, A.
T1  - Aliovalent Mn and Ga substitution in high-temperature piezoelectric ( x)Bi(ZnZr)O-( y)BiScO-(100 - x − y)PbTiO.
JO  - Journal of Materials Science
JF  - Journal of Materials Science
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 51
IS  - 14
M3  - Article
SP  - 6761
EP  - 6769
SN  - 00222461
AB  - Aliovalent substitution of 1-2 % Mn and Ga for Ti has been carried out in the high-temperature ternary system ( x)Bi(ZnZr)O- y)BiScO-(100− x− y)PbTiO near the morphotropic phase boundary, specifically 2.5BZZ-37.5BS-60PT in an attempt to reduce the loss tangent. Modifications of this particular composition were chosen due its high-Curie temperature of 420 °C and excellent piezoelectric coefficient of 520 pm/V. Dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical properties were characterized as a function of temperature, frequency, and electric field for all compositions. Small concentrations of Mn and Ga were shown to increase both the electrical and mechanical quality factors, with a Q and Q of 300 and 150, respectively, from room temperature up to 300 °C for Mn-doped compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Science is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METAL complexes
KW  - PIEZOELECTRICITY
KW  - HIGH temperature chemistry
KW  - TERNARY system
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - MANGANESE
N1  - Accession Number: 115009340; Kowalski, B. 1; Email Address: bak121@case.edu Sayir, A. 2 Sehirlioglu, A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland 44106 USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland 44135 USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 51 Issue 14, p6761; Subject Term: METAL complexes; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRICITY; Subject Term: HIGH temperature chemistry; Subject Term: TERNARY system; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: MANGANESE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212299 All Other Metal Ore Mining; Number of Pages: 9p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 2 Charts, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10853-016-9963-y
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmitt, Michael P.
AU  - Harder, Bryan J.
AU  - Wolfe, Douglas E.
T1  - Process-structure-property relations for the erosion durability of plasma spray-physical vapor deposition (PS-PVD) thermal barrier coatings.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2016/07/15/
VL  - 297
M3  - Article
SP  - 11
EP  - 18
SN  - 02578972
AB  - New thermal barrier coating (TBC) materials and microstructures are under development to increase gas turbine operating temperatures beyond the ~ 1200 °C threshold of standard 7 wt.% yttria stabilized zirconia (7YSZ). To deposit these advanced coatings, a new thermal spray deposition technique is used: Plasma Spray – Physical Vapor Deposition (PS-PVD). PS-PVD is capable of depositing from the vapor phase to yield strain tolerant columnar microstructures similar to Electron Beam – Physical Vapor Deposition (EB-PVD) or, alternatively, the traditional splat-like lamellar microstructure common to Air Plasma Spray (APS). This study investigates the process-structure relationships and resulting erosion response for plasma gas flow, amperage, and feed rate. It was found that in the selected design space, porosity and surface roughness vary from ~ 12–26% and ~ 5–10 μm, respectively. Erosion behavior is discussed and the mechanism is identified to be heavily dependent upon the intercolumnar spacing. The lowest erosion rates are similar to EB-PVD, while the highest erosion rates were closer to APS. This is attributed to the hybrid nature of the PS-PVD process and provides an opportunity to tailor coatings with a wide range of properties, and thus performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Erosion
KW  - PHYSICAL vapor deposition
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - PLASMA spraying
KW  - CHEMICAL structure
KW  - GAS turbines
KW  - Erosion
KW  - Low k
KW  - PS-PVD
KW  - Rare earth
KW  - TBC
KW  - Thermal barrier coatings
N1  - Accession Number: 115677721; Schmitt, Michael P. 1,2,3 Harder, Bryan J. 3; Email Address: bryan.harder@nasa.gov Wolfe, Douglas E. 1,2,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: The Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Source Info: Jul2016, Vol. 297, p11; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Erosion; Subject Term: PHYSICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: PLASMA spraying; Subject Term: CHEMICAL structure; Subject Term: GAS turbines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low k; Author-Supplied Keyword: PS-PVD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rare earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: TBC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coatings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333611 Turbine and Turbine Generator Set Units Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.04.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115677721&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hao Yang
AU  - Dániel Apai
AU  - Mark S. Marley
AU  - Theodora Karalidi
AU  - Davin Flateau
AU  - Adam P. Showman
AU  - Stanimir Metchev
AU  - Esther Buenzli
AU  - Jacqueline Radigan
AU  - Étienne Artigau
AU  - Patrick J. Lowrance
AU  - Adam J. Burgasser
T1  - EXTRASOLAR STORMS: PRESSURE-DEPENDENT CHANGES IN LIGHT-CURVE PHASE IN BROWN DWARFS FROM SIMULTANEOUS HST AND SPITZER OBSERVATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/07/20/
VL  - 826
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera Ch1 and Ch2 monitoring of six brown dwarfs during eight different epochs over the course of 20 months. For four brown dwarfs, we also obtained simulataneous Hubble Space Telescope (HST)/WFC3 G141 grism spectra during two epochs and derived light curves in five narrowband filters. Probing different pressure levels in the atmospheres, the multiwavelength light curves of our six targets all exhibit variations, and the shape of the light curves evolves over the timescale of a rotation period, ranging from 1.4 to 13 hr. We compare the shapes of the light curves and estimate the phase shifts between the light curves observed at different wavelengths by comparing the phase of the primary Fourier components. We use state-of-the-art atmosphere models to determine the flux contribution of different pressure layers to the observed flux in each filter. We find that the light curves that probe higher pressures are similar and in phase, but are offset and often different from the light curves that probe lower pressures. The phase differences between the two groups of light curves suggest that the modulations seen at lower and higher pressures may be introduced by different cloud layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - STARS
N1  - Accession Number: 116993360; Hao Yang 1; Email Address: haoyang@email.arizona.edu Dániel Apai 1,2,3; Email Address: apai@arizona.edu Mark S. Marley 4 Theodora Karalidi 1 Davin Flateau 2 Adam P. Showman 5 Stanimir Metchev 6,7 Esther Buenzli 8 Jacqueline Radigan 9 Étienne Artigau 10 Patrick J. Lowrance 11 Adam J. Burgasser 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Department of Planetary Sciences, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: Earths in Other Solar Systems Team.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Naval Air Station, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  5: Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, 1629 University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: The University of Western Ontario, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  7: Stony Brook University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA  8: Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zürich Wolfgang-Pauli-Str. 27, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland  9: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Dr., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  10: Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  11: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, MS 100-22, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  12: Center for Astrophysics and Space Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Source Info: 7/20/2016, Vol. 826 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: STARS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/826/1/8
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wright, A. H.
AU  - Robotham, A. S. G.
AU  - Bourne, N.
AU  - Driver, S. P.
AU  - Dunne, L.
AU  - Maddox, S. J.
AU  - Alpaslan, M.
AU  - Andrews, S. K.
AU  - Bauer, A. E.
AU  - Bland-Hawthorn, J.
AU  - Brough, S.
AU  - Brown, M. J. I.
AU  - Clarke, C.
AU  - Cluver, M.
AU  - Davies, L. J. M.
AU  - Grootes, M. W.
AU  - Holwerda, B. W.
AU  - Hopkins, A. M.
AU  - Jarrett, T. H.
AU  - Kafle, P. R.
T1  - Galaxy And Mass Assembly: accurate panchromatic photometry from optical priors using LAMBDAR.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/07/21/
VL  - 460
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 765
EP  - 801
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present the Lambda Adaptive Multi-Band Deblending Algorithm in R (LAMBDAR), a novel code for calculating matched aperture photometry across images that are neither pixel- nor PSF-matched, using prior aperture definitions derived from high-resolution optical imaging. The development of this program is motivated by the desire for consistent photometry and uncertainties across large ranges of photometric imaging, for use in calculating spectral energy distributions. We describe the program, specifically key features required for robust determination of panchromatic photometry: propagation of apertures to images with arbitrary resolution, local background estimation, aperture normalization, uncertainty determination and propagation, and object deblending. Using simulated images, we demonstrate that the program is able to recover accurate photometric measurements in both high-resolution, low-confusion, and low-resolution, high-confusion, regimes. We apply the program to the 21-band photometric data set from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) Panchromatic Data Release (PDR; Driver et al. 2016), which contains imaging spanning the far-UV to the far-IR. We compare photometry derived from LAMBDAR with that presented in Driver et al. (2016), finding broad agreement between the data sets. None the less, we demonstrate that the photometry from LAMBDAR is superior to that from the GAMA PDR, as determined by a reduction in the outlier rate and intrinsic scatter of colours in the LAMBDAR data set. We similarly find a decrease in the outlier rate of stellar masses and star formation rates using LAMBDAR photometry. Finally, we note an exceptional increase in the number of UV and mid-IR sources able to be constrained, which is accompanied by a significant increase in the mid-IR colour-colour parameter-space able to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - MULTIFREQUENCY antennas
KW  - OPTICAL imaging sensors
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - astronomical data bases: miscellaneous
KW  - galaxies: evolution
KW  - galaxies: general
KW  - galaxies: photometry
KW  - techniques: photometric
KW  - GALAXY & Mass Assembly survey
N1  - Accession Number: 116563926; Wright, A. H. 1; Email Address: angus.wright@icrar.org Robotham, A. S. G. 1 Bourne, N. 2 Driver, S. P. 1,3 Dunne, L. 2,4 Maddox, S. J. 2,4 Alpaslan, M. 5 Andrews, S. K. 1 Bauer, A. E. 6 Bland-Hawthorn, J. 7 Brough, S. 6 Brown, M. J. I. 8 Clarke, C. 9 Cluver, M. 10 Davies, L. J. M. 1 Grootes, M. W. 11 Holwerda, B. W. 12 Hopkins, A. M. 6 Jarrett, T. H. 13 Kafle, P. R. 1; Affiliation:  1: ICRAR†, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  2: SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK  3: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK  4: School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK  5: NASA Ames Research Center, N232, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  6: Australian Astronomical Observatory, POBox 915, North Ryde, NSW1670, Australia  7: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  8: School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia  9: Astronomy Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa  11: ESA/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, NL-2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands  12: University of Leiden, Sterrenwacht Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands  13: Astronomy Dept, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, RSA; Source Info: 7/21/2016, Vol. 460 Issue 1, p765; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: MULTIFREQUENCY antennas; Subject Term: OPTICAL imaging sensors; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Author-Supplied Keyword: astronomical data bases: miscellaneous; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: evolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: photometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: techniques: photometric; Company/Entity: GALAXY & Mass Assembly survey; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw832
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116563926&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kiris, Cetin C.
AU  - Housman, Jeffrey A.
AU  - Barad, Michael F.
AU  - Brehm, Christoph
AU  - Sozer, Emre
AU  - Moini-Yekta, Shayan
T1  - Computational framework for Launch, Ascent, and Vehicle Aerodynamics (LAVA).
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 55
M3  - Article
SP  - 189
EP  - 219
SN  - 12709638
AB  - The Launch Ascent and Vehicle Aerodynamics (LAVA) framework, developed at NASA Ames Research Center, is introduced. This technology originated from addressing some of the key challenges that were present during the re-design of the launch infrastructure at Kennedy Space Center. The solver combines Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) capabilities with auxiliary modules, such as Conjugate Heat Transfer (CHT) and Computational Aero-Acoustics (CAA). LAVA is designed to be grid agnostic, i.e., it can handle block-structured Cartesian, generalized curvilinear overset and unstructured polyhedral grids either as stand-alone mode or by coupling different grid types through an overset interface. A description of the spatial discretizations utilized for each grid type, along with the available explicit and implicit time-stepping schemes, is provided. The overset grid coupling procedure for Cartesian and unstructured mesh types, as well as the CHT and CAA capabilities is discussed in some detail. Several NASA mission related applications are also presented to demonstrate the capabilities for large-scale applications, such as pressure, thermal and acoustic analyses of the geometrically complex launch environment, steady and unsteady ascent aerodynamics, plume-induced flow separation analyses of heavy lift launch vehicles and aeroacoustic applications. In addition, two validation cases related to NASA aeronautics applications are presented: the 1st AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop test cases and a computational study of slat noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - CURVILINEAR coordinates
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - Aeroacoustics
KW  - Computational fluid dynamics
KW  - Conjugate heat tranfer
KW  - Curvilinear
KW  - Higher-order shock capturing
KW  - Hybrid grids
KW  - Immersed boundary methods
KW  - Overset methodology
KW  - Unstructured grids
KW  - JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center
N1  - Accession Number: 118154914; Kiris, Cetin C. 1; Email Address: cetin.c.kiris@nasa.gov Housman, Jeffrey A. 1 Barad, Michael F. 1 Brehm, Christoph 2 Sozer, Emre 2 Moini-Yekta, Shayan 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 9403, United States  2: Science and Technology Corporation, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 55, p189; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: CURVILINEAR coordinates; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aeroacoustics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computational fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conjugate heat tranfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Curvilinear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Higher-order shock capturing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hybrid grids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immersed boundary methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Overset methodology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unstructured grids; Company/Entity: JOHN F. Kennedy Space Center; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2016.05.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118154914&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balakumar, P.
AU  - Kegerise, Michael
T1  - Roughness-Induced Transition in a Supersonic Boundary Layer.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2322
EP  - 2337
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Direct numerical simulation is used to investigate the transition induced by three-dimensional isolated roughness elements in a supersonic boundary layer at a freestream Mach number of 3.5. Simulations are performed for two different configurations: one is a square planform roughness element, and the other is a diamond planform roughness element. The mean flow calculations show that the roughness element induces counter-rotating streamwise vortices downstream of the roughness element. These vortices persist for a long distance downstream, lift the low-momentum fluid from the near-wall region, and place it near the outer part of the boundary layer. This forms highly inflectional boundary-layer profiles. These observations agree with recent experimental observations. The receptivity calculations show that the amplitudes of the mass-flux fluctuations near the neutral point for the diamond-shaped roughness element are the same as the amplitude of the acoustic disturbances. They are three times smaller for the square-shaped roughness element. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118057477; Balakumar, P. 1 Kegerise, Michael 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p2322; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054632
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Busa, Kristin M.
AU  - Rice, Brian E.
AU  - McDaniel, James C.
AU  - Goyne, Christopher P.
AU  - Rockwell, Robert D.
AU  - Fulton, Jesse A.
AU  - Edwards, Jack R.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn S.
T1  - Scramjet Combustion Efficiency Measurement via Tomographic Absorption Spectroscopy and Particle Image Velocimetry.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 2463
EP  - 2471
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The combustion efficiency of a scramjet is a metric that evaluates the overall performance of the engine. Until recently, combustion efficiency was measured using indirect approaches such as a one-dimensional control volume calculation or a calorimeter and wall pressure tap measurements. A novel nonintrusive direct approach for the measurement of combustion efficiency is presented that combines the optical diagnostic techniques tunable diode laser absorption tomography and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. Experimental results are presented for measurements of the University of Virginia's Supersonic Combustion Facility in both the scram and ram-modes of operation. The tunable-diode-laser-absorption-tomography/stereoscopic-particle-image-velocimetry method directly measures the converted hydrogen (via water vapor) mass flow rate exiting the dual-mode scramjet and compares this to the facility-measured injected hydrogen fuel mass flow rate. A complementary computational fluid dynamics study was performed and results are available for the scram-mode operating condition. The results reported show excellent agreement between the tunable-diode-laser-absorption-tomography/stereoscopic-particle-image-velocimetry-measured combustion efficiency and the computational-fluid-dynamics-predicted combustion efficiency for the scram-mode of operation, which are both near 99%. The tunable-diode-laser-absorption-tomography/stereoscopic-particle-image-velocimetry-measured combustion efficiency for the ram-mode of operation is shown to be lower than that of the scram-mode operation: at 79%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118057487; Busa, Kristin M. 1 Rice, Brian E. 2 McDaniel, James C. 3 Goyne, Christopher P. 3 Rockwell, Robert D. 3 Fulton, Jesse A. 4 Edwards, Jack R. 5 Diskin, Glenn S. 6; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433-7542  2: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee 37389  3: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904  4: Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185  5: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p2463; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054662
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118057487&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cady, Sherry L.
AU  - Boston, Penelope
T1  - Interview with Penelope Boston, Director of the NASA Astrobiology Institute.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 657
EP  - 660
SN  - 15311074
AB  - An interview with Dr. Penelope Boston, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrobiology Institute director, is presented. Topics discussed include the compelling aspect of interdisciplinary synergy, her interest in science even at an early age, the opportunities for the undergraduates to participate in real research and her lifelong advocacy on the explorations to the moon and to Mars. The significant role of the engineers on the advancement of science is also explored.
KW  - SPACE biology
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ENGINEERS
KW  - EXECUTIVES
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - INTERVIEWS
KW  - NASA Astrobiology Institute
KW  - BOSTON, Penelope -- Interviews
N1  - Accession Number: 117510150; Cady, Sherry L. 1,2 Boston, Penelope 3; Affiliation:  1: Editor-in-Chief of Astrobiology.  2: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory-EMSL, Richland, Washington.  3: NASA Astrobiology Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California.; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p657; Subject Term: SPACE biology; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ENGINEERS; Subject Term: EXECUTIVES; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Subject Term: INTERVIEWS; Company/Entity: NASA Astrobiology Institute; People: BOSTON, Penelope -- Interviews; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2016.79002.pb
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117510150&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christopher M. Johns-Krull
AU  - Jacob N. McLane
AU  - L. Prato
AU  - Christopher J. Crockett
AU  - Daniel T. Jaffe
AU  - Patrick M. Hartigan
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Naved I. Mahmud
AU  - Wei Chen
AU  - B. A. Skiff
AU  - P. Wilson Cauley
AU  - Joshua A. Jones
AU  - G. N. Mace
T1  - A CANDIDATE YOUNG MASSIVE PLANET IN ORBIT AROUND THE CLASSICAL T TAURI STAR CI TAU.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/08//8/1/2016
VL  - 826
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The ∼2 Myr old classical T Tauri star CI Tau shows periodic variability in its radial velocity (RV) variations measured at infrared (IR) and optical wavelengths. We find that these observations are consistent with a massive planet in a ∼9 day period orbit. These results are based on 71 IR RV measurements of this system obtained over five years, and on 26 optical RV measurements obtained over nine years. CI Tau was also observed photometrically in the optical on 34 nights over ∼one month in 2012. The optical RV data alone are inadequate to identify an orbital period, likely the result of star spot and activity-induced noise for this relatively small data set. The infrared RV measurements reveal significant periodicity at ∼9 days. In addition, the full set of optical and IR RV measurements taken together phase coherently and with equal amplitudes to the ∼9 day period. Periodic RV signals can in principle be produced by cool spots, hotspots, and reflection of the stellar spectrum off the inner disk, in addition to resulting from a planetary companion. We have considered each of these and find the planet hypothesis most consistent with the data. The RV amplitude yields an of ∼8.1 MJup; in conjunction with a 1.3 mm continuum emission measurement of the circumstellar disk inclination from the literature, we find a planet mass of ∼11.3 MJup, assuming alignment of the planetary orbit with the disk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - T Tauri stars
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images -- Analysis
KW  - OPTICAL wavelength conversion
KW  - SPACE surveillance
N1  - Accession Number: 117168228; Christopher M. Johns-Krull 1,2 Jacob N. McLane 3,4; Email Address: jmclane@lowell.edu L. Prato 2,3; Email Address: lprato@lowell.edu Christopher J. Crockett 2,5 Daniel T. Jaffe 6 Patrick M. Hartigan 1 Charles A. Beichman 7,8 Naved I. Mahmud 1 Wei Chen 1 B. A. Skiff 3 P. Wilson Cauley 1,9 Joshua A. Jones 1 G. N. Mace 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, MS-108, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under cooperative agreement NCC 5-538 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Space Science, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Lowell Observatory, 1400 West Mars Hill Road, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  4: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, S San Francisco Street, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA  5: Science News, 1719 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036, USA  6: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas, R. L. Moore Hall, Austin, TX 78712, USA  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute (NExScI), California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: Department of Astronomy, Wesleyan University, 45 Wyllys Avenue, Middletown, CT 06459, USA; Source Info: 8/1/2016, Vol. 826 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: T Tauri stars; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images -- Analysis; Subject Term: OPTICAL wavelength conversion; Subject Term: SPACE surveillance; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/206
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rafael Millan-Gabet
AU  - Xiao Che
AU  - John D. Monnier
AU  - Michael L. Sitko
AU  - Ray W. Russell
AU  - Carol A. Grady
AU  - Amanda N. Day
AU  - R. B. Perry
AU  - Tim J. Harries
AU  - Alicia N. Aarnio
AU  - Mark M. Colavita
AU  - Peter L. Wizinowich
AU  - Sam Ragland
AU  - Julien Woillez
T1  - CONFRONTING STANDARD MODELS OF PROTO-PLANETARY DISKS WITH NEW MID-INFRARED SIZES FROM THE KECK INTERFEROMETER.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/08//8/1/2016
VL  - 826
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present near- and mid-infrared (MIR) interferometric observations made with the Keck Interferometer Nuller and near-contemporaneous spectro-photometry from the infrared telescope facilities (IRTFs) of 11 well-known young stellar objects, several of which were observed for the first time in these spectral and spatial resolution regimes. With au-level spatial resolution, we first establish characteristic sizes of the infrared emission using a simple geometrical model consisting of a hot inner rim and MIR disk emission. We find a high degree of correlation between the stellar luminosity and the MIR disk sizes after using near-infrared data to remove the contribution from the inner rim. We then use a semi-analytical physical model to also find that the very widely used “star + inner dust rim + flared disk” class of models strongly fails to reproduce the spectral energy distribution (SED) and spatially resolved MIR data simultaneously; specifically a more compact source of MIR emission is required than results from the standard flared disk model. We explore the viability of a modification to the model whereby a second dust rim containing smaller dust grains is added, and find that the 2-rim model leads to significantly improved fits in most cases. This complexity is largely missed when carrying out SED modeling alone, although detailed silicate feature fitting by McClure et al. recently came to a similar conclusion. As has been suggested recently by Menu et al., the difficulty in predicting MIR sizes from the SED alone might hint at “transition disk”-like gaps in the inner au; however, the relatively high correlation found in our MIR disk size versus stellar luminosity relation favors layered disk morphologies and points to missing disk model ingredients instead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
N1  - Accession Number: 117168305; Rafael Millan-Gabet 1; Email Address: R.Millan-Gabet@caltech.edu Xiao Che 2 John D. Monnier 2 Michael L. Sitko 3,4 Ray W. Russell 5 Carol A. Grady 6 Amanda N. Day 3 R. B. Perry 7 Tim J. Harries 8 Alicia N. Aarnio 2 Mark M. Colavita 9 Peter L. Wizinowich 10 Sam Ragland 10 Julien Woillez 10,11; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: University of Michigan Astronomy Department, 1085 S. University Avenue 303B West Hall University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107, USA  3: Department of Physics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221, USA  4: Center for Extrasolar Planetary Systems, Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  5: The Aerospace Corporation, Los Angeles, CA 90009, USA  6: Eureka Scientific, 2452 Delmer, Suite 100, Oakland, CA 96002, USA  7: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 160, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  8: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QL, UK  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  10: Keck Observatory, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA  11: European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2, Garching D-85748, Germany.; Source Info: 8/1/2016, Vol. 826 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/826/2/120
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Matthew S.
AU  - Shi Kuang
AU  - Lihua Wang
AU  - Newchurch, M. J.
T1  - Evaluating Summer-Time Ozone Enhancement Events in the Southeast United States.
JO  - Atmosphere
JF  - Atmosphere
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 7
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
AB  - This study evaluates source attribution of ozone (O3) in the southeast United States (US) within O3 lamina observed by the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) system during June 2013. This research applies surface-level and airborne in situ data and chemical transport model simulations (GEOS-Chem) in order to quantify the impact of North American anthropogenic emissions, wildfires, lightning NOx, and long-range/stratospheric transport on the observed O3 lamina. During the summer of 2013, two anomalous O3 layers were observed: (1) a nocturnal near-surface enhancement and (2) a late evening elevated (3-6 km above ground level) O3 lamina. A "brute force" zeroing method was applied to quantify the impact of individual emission sources and transport pathways on the vertical distribution of O3 during the two observed lamina. Results show that the nocturnal O3 enhancement on 12 June 2013 below 3 km was primarily due to wildfire emissions and the fact that daily maximum anthropogenic emission contributions occurred during these night-time hours. During the second case study it was predicted that above average contributions from long-range/stratospheric transport was largely contributing to the O3 lamina observed between 3 and 6 km on 29 June 2013. Other models, remote-sensing observations, and ground-based/airborne in situ data agree with the source attribution predicted by GEOS-Chem simulations. Overall, this study demonstrates the dynamic atmospheric chemistry occurring in the southeast US and displays the various emission sources and transport processes impacting O3 enhancements at different vertical levels of the troposphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmosphere is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC deposition
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases -- Environmental aspects
KW  - AIR quality -- Environmental aspects
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL aspects
KW  - SOUTHERN States
KW  - air quality
KW  - ozone
KW  - source attribution
KW  - TOLNet Lidar
N1  - Accession Number: 117692649; Johnson, Matthew S. 1; Email Address: matthew.s.johnson@nasa.gov Shi Kuang 2; Email Address: kuang@nsstc.uah.edu Lihua Wang 2; Email Address: lihuawang@nsstc.uah.edu Newchurch, M. J. 3; Email Address: mike@nsstc.uah.edu; Affiliation:  1: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Earth System Science Center, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA  3: Atmospheric Science Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 7 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC deposition; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: AIR quality -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL aspects; Subject Term: SOUTHERN States; Author-Supplied Keyword: air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: source attribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: TOLNet Lidar; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/atmos7080108
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spang, Reinhold
AU  - Hoffmann, Lars
AU  - Höpfner, Michael
AU  - Griessbach, Sabine
AU  - Müller, Rolf
AU  - Pitts, Michael C.
AU  - Orr, Andrew M. W.
AU  - Riese, Martin
T1  - A multi-wavelength classification method for polar stratospheric cloud types using infrared limb spectra.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3619
EP  - 3639
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) instrument on board the ESA Envisat satellite operated from July 2002 until April 2012. The infrared limb emission measurements represent a unique dataset of daytime and night-time observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) up to both poles. Cloud detection sensitivity is comparable to space-borne lidars, and it is possible to classify different cloud types from the spectral measurements in different atmospheric windows regions. Here we present a new infrared PSC classification scheme based on the combination of a well-established two-colour ratio method and multiple 2-D brightness temperature difference probability density functions. The method is a simple probabilistic classifier based on Bayes' theorem with a strong independence assumption. The method has been tested in conjunction with a database of radiative transfer model calculations of realistic PSC particle size distributions, geometries, and composition. The Bayesian classifier distinguishes between solid particles of ice and nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), as well as liquid droplets of super-cooled ternary solution (STS). The classification results are compared to coincident measurements from the space-borne lidar Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument over the temporal overlap of both satellite missions (June 2006- March 2012). Both datasets show a good agreement for the specific PSC classes, although the viewing geometries and the vertical and horizontal resolution are quite different. Discrepancies are observed between the CALIOP and the MIPAS ice class. The Bayesian classifier for MIPAS identifies substantially more ice clouds in the Southern Hemisphere polar vortex than CALIOP. This disagreement is attributed in part to the difference in the sensitivity on mixed-type clouds. Ice seems to dominate the spectral behaviour in the limb infrared spectra and may cause an overestimation in ice occurrence compared to the real fraction of ice within the PSC area in the polar vortex. The entire MIPAS measurement period was processed with the new classification approach. Examples like the detection of the Antarctic NAT belt during early winter, and its possible link to mountain wave events over the Antarctic Peninsula, which are observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument, highlight the importance of a climatology of 9 Southern Hemisphere and 10 Northern Hemisphere winters in total. The new dataset is valuable both for detailed process studies, and for comparisons with and improvements of the PSC parameterizations used in chemistry transport and climate models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLAR stratospheric clouds
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - MICHELSON interferometer
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 117763571; Spang, Reinhold 1; Email Address: r.spang@fz-juelich.de Hoffmann, Lars 2 Höpfner, Michael 3 Griessbach, Sabine 2 Müller, Rolf 1 Pitts, Michael C. 4 Orr, Andrew M. W. 5 Riese, Martin 1; Affiliation:  1: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung, Stratosphäre, IEK-7, Jülich, Germany  2: Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, JSC, Jülich, Germany  3: Karlsruhe Institut für Technologie, Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Karlsruhe, Germany  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  5: British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, UK; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 8, p3619; Subject Term: POLAR stratospheric clouds; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: MICHELSON interferometer; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-3619-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117763571&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ortega, Ivan
AU  - Coburn, Sean
AU  - Berg, Larry K.
AU  - Lantz, Kathy
AU  - Michalsky, Joseph
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Hair, Johnathan W.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Volkamer, Rainer
T1  - The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument - Part 2: Raman scattering probability measurements and retrieval of aerosol optical properties.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 9
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 3893
EP  - 3910
SN  - 18671381
AB  - The multiannual global mean of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD550) over land is ~0.19, and that over oceans is ~0.13. About 45% of the Earth surface shows AOD550 smaller than 0.1. There is a need for measurement techniques that are optimized to measure aerosol optical properties under low AOD conditions. We present an inherently calibrated retrieval (i.e., no need for radiance calibration) to simultaneously measure AOD and the aerosol phase function parameter, g, based on measurements of azimuth distributions of the Raman scattering probability (RSP), the near-absolute rotational Raman scattering (RRS) intensity. We employ radiative transfer model simulations to show that for solar azimuth RSP measurements at solar elevation and solar zenith angle (SZA) smaller than 80°, RSP is insensitive to the vertical distribution of aerosols and maximally sensitive to changes in AOD and g under nearmolecular scattering conditions. The University of Colorado two-dimensional Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument was deployed as part of the Two Column Aerosol Project (TCAP) at Cape Cod, MA, during the summer of 2012 to measure direct sun spectra and RSP from scattered light spectra at solar relative azimuth angles (SRAAs) between 5 and 170°. During two case study days with (1) high aerosol load (17 July, 0.3<AOD430 <0.6) and (2) near-molecular scattering conditions (22 July, AOD430 < 0:13) we compare RSP-based retrievals of AOD430 and g with data from a co-located CIMEL sun photometer, Multi-Filter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR), and an airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2). The average difference (relative to DOAS) for AOD430 is +0.012 ± 0.023 (CIMEL), -0.012 ± 0.024 (MFRSR), -0.011 ± 0.014 (HSRL- 2), and +0.023 ± 0.013 (CIMELAOD MFRSRAOD) and yields the following expressions for correlations between different instruments. DOASAOD = -(0.019 ± 0.006) + (1.03 ± 0.02) CIMELAOD (R² = 0.98), DOASAOD = -(0.006 ± 0.005) + (1.08 ± 0.02) MFRSRAOD (R² = 0.98), and CIMELAOD = .0.013 ± 0.004) + (1.05 ± 0.01) MFRSRAOD (R² + 0.99). The average g measured by DOAS on both days was 0.66 ± 0.03, with a difference of 0.014 ± 0.05 compared to CIMEL. Active steps to minimize the error in the RSP help to reduce the uncertainty in retrievals of AOD and g. As AOD decreases and SZA increases, the RSP signal-to-noise ratio increases. At AOD430 ~0.4 and 0.10 the absolute AOD errors are ~0.014 and 0.003 at 70° SZA and 0.02 and 0.004 at 35° SZA. Inherently calibrated, precise AOD and g measurements are useful to better characterize the aerosol direct effect in urban polluted and remote pristine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RAMAN scattering
KW  - PROBABILITY measures
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - OPTICAL properties
KW  - CALIBRATION
N1  - Accession Number: 117763587; Ortega, Ivan 1,2 Coburn, Sean 1,2 Berg, Larry K. 3 Lantz, Kathy 2,4 Michalsky, Joseph 2,4 Ferrare, Richard A. 5 Hair, Johnathan W. 5 Hostetler, Chris A. 5 Volkamer, Rainer 1,2; Email Address: rainer.volkamer@colorado.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  2: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO, USA  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA  4: Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 8, p3893; Subject Term: RAMAN scattering; Subject Term: PROBABILITY measures; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: OPTICAL properties; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-3893-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117763587&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Burton, Sharon P.
AU  - Xu Liu
AU  - Stamnes, Snorre
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Chemyakin, Eduard
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk
AU  - Sawamura, Patricia
T1  - Information Content and Sensitivity of the 3β + 2α Lidar Measurement System for Aerosol Microphysical Retrievals.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/08//
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 1
EP  - 39
SN  - 18678610
AB  - There is considerable interest in retrieving profiles of aerosol effective radius, total number concentration and complex refractive index from lidar measurements of extinction and backscatter at several wavelengths. The combination of three backscatter channels plus two extinction channels (3β + 2α) is particularly important since it is believed to be the minimum configuration necessary for the retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties and because the technological readiness of lidar systems permits this configuration on both an airborne and future spaceborne instrument. The 2nd-generation NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) has been making 3β + 2α measurements since 2012. The planned NASA Aerosol-Clouds-Ecosystem (ACE) satellite mission also recommends the 3β + 2α combination. Here we develop a deeper understanding of the information content and sensitivities of the 3β + 2α system in terms of aerosol microphysical parameters of interest. We use a retrieval-free methodology to determine the basic sensitivities of the measurements independent of retrieval assumptions and constraints. We calculate information content and uncertainty metrics using tools borrowed from the Optimal Estimation methodology based on Bayes' theorem, using a simplified forward model look-up table, with no explicit inversion. The forward model is simplified to represent spherical particles, monomodal log-normal size distributions, and wavelength-independent refractive indices. Since we only use the forward model with no retrieval, the given simplified aerosol scenario is applicable as a best case for all existing retrievals in the absence of additional constraints. Retrieval-dependent errors due to mismatch between retrieval assumptions and true atmospheric aerosols are not included in this sensitivity study, nor are retrieval errors that may be introduced in the inversion process. The sensitivity metrics allow for identifying (1) information content of the measurements versus a priori information; (2) error bars on the retrieved parameters; and (3) potential sources of cross-talk or "compensating" errors wherein different retrieval parameters are not independently captured by the measurements. The results suggest that the 3β + 2α measurement system is underdetermined with respect to the full suite of microphysical parameters considered in this study, and that additional information is required, in the form of additional coincident measurements (e.g. sun-photometer or polarimeter) or a priori retrieval constraints. A specific recommendation is given for addressing cross-talk between effective radius and total number concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - INFORMATION theory
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 118482668; Burton, Sharon P. 1 Xu Liu 1 Stamnes, Snorre 1 Moore, Richard H. 1 Hostetler, Chris A. 1 Ferrare, Richard A. 1 Chemyakin, Eduard 2 Knobelspiesse, Kirk 3 Sawamura, Patricia 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA; Source Info: 2016, p1; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement; Subject Term: INFORMATION theory; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Number of Pages: 39p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-240
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118482668&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Kouremeti, Natalia
AU  - Kazadzis, Stelios
AU  - Raptis, Panagiotis Ι.
AU  - Gerasopoulos, Evangelos
AU  - Amiridis, Vassilis
AU  - Arola, Antti
AU  - Schuster, Gregory L.
T1  - Aerosol absorption retrieval at ultraviolet wavelengths in a complex environment.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/08//
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 1
EP  - 32
SN  - 18678610
AB  - We have used total and diffuse UV irradiance measurements with a multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer (UVMFR), in order to calculate aerosol absorption properties (Single Scattering Albedo - SSA) in the UV range, for a 5 years period in Athens, Greece. Τhis data set was used as input to a radiative transfer model and the SSA for 368 nm and 332 nm has been calculated. Retrievals from a collocated CIMEL sun-photometer were used to validate the products and study absorption spectral behavior SSA values at these wavelengths. UVMFR SSA together with synchronous,CIMEL-derived, retrievals at 440 nm, show a mean of 0.90, 0.87 and 0.83, with lowest values (higher absorption) towards lower wavelengths. In addition, noticeable diurnal variations of the SSA in all wavelengths are revealed, with amplitudes in up to 0.05. High SSA wavelength dependence is found for cases of low Ångström exponents and also an SSA decrease with decreasing extinction optical depth, suggesting an effect of the different aerosol composition. Dust and Brown Carbon UV absorbing properties were investigated to understand seasonal variability of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 118482676; Kouremeti, Natalia 1 Kazadzis, Stelios 1,2 Raptis, Panagiotis Ι. 2 Gerasopoulos, Evangelos 2 Amiridis, Vassilis 3 Arola, Antti 4 Schuster, Gregory L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC) Dorfstrasse 33, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland  2: Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece  3: Institute of Astronomy Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Athens, Greece  4: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio Unit, Finland  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2016, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-273
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118482676&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - ABST
AU  - Wennberg, Paul O.
AU  - Roehl, Coleen M.
AU  - Viatte, Camille
AU  - Wunch, Debra
AU  - Morino, Isamu
AU  - Uchino, Osamu
AU  - Hase, Frank
AU  - Blumenstock, Thomas
AU  - Kiel, Matthaeus
AU  - Feist, Dietrich G.
AU  - Arnold, Sabrina G.
AU  - Kivi, Rigel
AU  - Heikkinen, Pauli
AU  - Iraci, Laura
AU  - Podolske, James
AU  - Hillyard, Patrick W.
AU  - Kawakami, Shuji
AU  - Dubey, Manvendra K.
AU  - Parker, Harrison A.
AU  - Sepulveda, Eliezer
T1  - Comparisons of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) XCO2 measurements with TCCON.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/08//
M3  - Abstract
SP  - 1
EP  - 45
SN  - 18678610
AB  - NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) has been measuring carbon dioxide column-averaged dry air mole fractions, XCO2, in the Earth's atmosphere for almost two years. In this paper, we describe the comparisons between the OCO-2 version 7Br retrievals and XCO2 estimates from OCO-2's primary ground-based validation network: the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). The OCO-2 XCO2 retrievals, after bias correction, agree well globally with the TCCON for nadir, glint, and target observations, with median differences less than 0.5 ppm and RMS differences typically below 1.5 ppm. Target observations over TCCON stations correlate best with the TCCON data (R² = 0.83) on a global scale. At local scales, the target comparisons reveal residual biases likely related to surface properties and aerosol scattering. It is thus crucial to continue measurement comparisons with TCCON to monitor and evaluate the OCO-2 XCO2 data quality throughout its mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide -- Analysis
KW  - MOLE fraction
KW  - DATA quality
KW  - ABSTRACTS
N1  - Accession Number: 118482663; Wennberg, Paul O. 1 Roehl, Coleen M. 1 Viatte, Camille 1 Wunch, Debra 1,2 Morino, Isamu 3 Uchino, Osamu 3 Hase, Frank 4 Blumenstock, Thomas 4 Kiel, Matthaeus 4 Feist, Dietrich G. 5 Arnold, Sabrina G. 5 Kivi, Rigel 6 Heikkinen, Pauli 6 Iraci, Laura 7 Podolske, James 7 Hillyard, Patrick W. 7,8 Kawakami, Shuji 9 Dubey, Manvendra K. 10 Parker, Harrison A. 10 Sepulveda, Eliezer 11; Affiliation:  1: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada  3: National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, Japan  4: Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe, Germany  5: Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany  6: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Sodankylä, Finland  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  8: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA  9: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, Japan  10: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA  11: AEMet, Izaña, Tenerife, Spain; Source Info: 2016, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide -- Analysis; Subject Term: MOLE fraction; Subject Term: DATA quality; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Number of Pages: 45p; Document Type: Abstract
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-227
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118482663&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn J.
T1  - Synthetic biology meets bioprinting: enabling technologies for humans on Mars (and Earth).
JO  - Biochemical Society Transactions
JF  - Biochemical Society Transactions
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 44
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1158
EP  - 1164
SN  - 03005127
AB  - Human exploration off planet is severely limited by the cost of launching materials into space and by resupply. Thus materials brought from Earth must be light, stable and reliable at destination. Using traditional approaches, a lunar or Mars base would require either transporting a hefty store of metals or heavy manufacturing equipment and construction materials for in situ extraction; both would severely limit any other mission objectives. Long-term human space presence requires periodic replenishment, adding a massive cost overhead. Even robotic missions often sacrifice science goals for heavy radiation and thermal protection. Biology has the potential to solve these problems because life can replicate and repair itself, and perform a wide variety of chemical reactions including making food, fuel and materials. Synthetic biology enhances and expands life's evolved repertoire. Using organisms as feedstock, additive manufacturing through bioprinting will make possible the dream of producing bespoke tools, food, smart fabrics and even replacement organs on demand. This new approach and the resulting novel products will enable human exploration and settlement on Mars, while providing new manufacturing approaches for life on Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biochemical Society Transactions is the property of Portland Press Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYNTHETIC biology
KW  - SYNTHETIC antibodies
KW  - MANUFACTURES
KW  - HEAVY metals
KW  - BIOPRINTING
KW  - applied microbiology
KW  - biological materials
KW  - human exploration
KW  - synthetic biology
N1  - Accession Number: 117486362; Rothschild, Lynn J. 1; Email Address: Lynn.J.Rothschild@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 239-20, Moffett Field, CA 94035, U.S.A.; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 44 Issue 4, p1158; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC biology; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC antibodies; Subject Term: MANUFACTURES; Subject Term: HEAVY metals; Subject Term: BIOPRINTING; Author-Supplied Keyword: applied microbiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: biological materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: human exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: synthetic biology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339999 All Other Miscellaneous Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 339990 All other miscellaneous manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1042/BST20160067
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - BOUTIN, J.
AU  - CHAO, Y.
AU  - ASHER, W. E.
AU  - DELCROIX, T.
AU  - DRUCKER, R.
AU  - DRUSHKA, K.
AU  - KOLODZIEJCZYK, N.
AU  - LEE, T.
AU  - REUL, N.
AU  - REVERDIN, G.
AU  - SCHANZE, J.
AU  - SOLOVIEV, A.
AU  - YU, L.
AU  - ANDERSON, J.
AU  - BRUCKER, L.
AU  - DINNAT, E.
AU  - SANTOS-GARCIA, A.
AU  - JONES, W. L.
AU  - MAES, C.
AU  - MEISSNER, T.
T1  - SATELLITE AND IN SITU SALINITY.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 97
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1391
EP  - 1407
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article discusses the potential impact of near-surface vertical salinity gradients and subfootprint-scale variability on satellite and in situ salinity data. Topics discussed include the vertical stratification and subfootprint variations, the difference between satellite and in situ salinity and the use of Aquarius instrument for the sensitivity of L-band radiometer and L-band scatterometer.
KW  - HALOCLINE
KW  - SALINITY -- Measurement
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - OCEAN temperature
KW  - OCEAN dynamics
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
N1  - Accession Number: 117802167; BOUTIN, J. 1; Email Address: jb@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr CHAO, Y. 2 ASHER, W. E. 3 DELCROIX, T. 4 DRUCKER, R. DRUSHKA, K. 3 KOLODZIEJCZYK, N. 1 LEE, T. 5 REUL, N. 6 REVERDIN, G. 1 SCHANZE, J. 7 SOLOVIEV, A. 8 YU, L. 9 ANDERSON, J. 10 BRUCKER, L. 11 DINNAT, E. 12 SANTOS-GARCIA, A. 13 JONES, W. L. 13 MAES, C. 14 MEISSNER, T. 15; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory, Sorbonne Universites (University Pierre and Marie Curie, University of Paris 6)-CNRS-IRD-MNHN, Paris, France  2: Remote Sensing Solutions, Pasadena, California  3: Applied Physics Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  4: Laboratoire d'Etudes en Geophysique et Oceanographie Spatiale, Toulouse, France  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California  6: Laboratory of Oceanography from Space, IFREMER, Toulon, France  7: Earth and Space Research, Seattle, Washington  8: Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, Florida  9: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts  10: School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  11: Universities Space Research Association, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland  12: Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, and Center of Excellence in Earth Systems Modeling and Observations, Chapman University, Orange, California  13: Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida  14: Laboratoire de Physique des Oceans, CNRS-Ifremer-IRD-UBO, Plouzane, France  15: Remote Sensing Systems, Santa Rosa, California; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 97 Issue 8, p1391; Subject Term: HALOCLINE; Subject Term: SALINITY -- Measurement; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature; Subject Term: OCEAN dynamics; Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00032.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - The low-lying electronic states of SiO.
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 658
M3  - Article
SP  - 76
EP  - 79
SN  - 00092614
AB  - The singlet states of SiO that correlate with ground state atoms have been studied. The computed spectroscopic constants are in good agreement with experiment. The lifetime of the E state has been calculated to be 10.9 ns; this is larger than the results of previous computations and is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 10.5 ± 1.1 ns. The lifetime of the A state is about three times larger than found in experiment. We suggest that absorption from the X state to the (2) 1 Π state is responsible for the unidentified lines in the experiment of Hormes et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON oxide
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - SINGLET state (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - GROUND state (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - COMPUTED tomography
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - Electronic transition
N1  - Accession Number: 117181728; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 658, p76; Subject Term: SILICON oxide; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: SINGLET state (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: GROUND state (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: COMPUTED tomography; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electronic transition; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117181728&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Daigle, Matthew J.
AU  - Bregon, Anibal
AU  - Koutsoukos, Xenofon
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
AU  - Pulido, Belarmino
T1  - A qualitative event-based approach to multiple fault diagnosis in continuous systems using structural model decomposition.
JO  - Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
JF  - Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 53
M3  - Article
SP  - 190
EP  - 206
SN  - 09521976
AB  - Multiple fault diagnosis is a difficult problem for dynamic systems, and, as a result, most multiple fault diagnosis approaches are restricted to static systems, and most dynamic system diagnosis approaches make the single fault assumption. Within the framework of consistency-based diagnosis, the challenge is to generate conflicts from dynamic signals. For multiple faults, this becomes difficult due to the possibility of fault masking and different relative times of fault occurrence, resulting in many different ways that any given combination of faults can manifest in the observations. In order to address these challenges, we develop a novel multiple fault diagnosis framework for continuous dynamic systems. We construct a qualitative event-based framework, in which discrete qualitative symbols are generated from residual signals. Within this framework, we formulate an online diagnosis approach and establish definitions of multiple fault diagnosability. Residual generators are constructed based on structural model decomposition, which, as we demonstrate, has the effect of reducing the impact of fault masking by decoupling faults from residuals, thus improving diagnosability and fault isolation performance. Through simulation-based multiple fault diagnosis experiments, we demonstrate and validate the concepts developed here, using a multi-tank system as a case study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DEBUGGING in computer science
KW  - DYNAMICAL systems
KW  - DECOUPLING (Mathematics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL models
KW  - QUALITATIVE research
KW  - DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics)
KW  - Diagnosability
KW  - Discrete-event systems
KW  - Fault diagnosis
KW  - Model-based diagnosis
KW  - Multiple faults
KW  - Structural model decomposition
N1  - Accession Number: 115552122; Daigle, Matthew J. 1; Email Address: matthew.j.daigle@nasa.gov Bregon, Anibal 2; Email Address: anibal@infor.uva.es Koutsoukos, Xenofon 3; Email Address: xenofon.koutsoukos@vanderbilt.edu Biswas, Gautam 3; Email Address: gautam.biswas@vanderbilt.edu Pulido, Belarmino 2; Email Address: belar@infor.uva.es; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Departamento de Informática, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid 47011, Spain  3: Institute for Software Integrated Systems, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 53, p190; Subject Term: DEBUGGING in computer science; Subject Term: DYNAMICAL systems; Subject Term: DECOUPLING (Mathematics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL models; Subject Term: QUALITATIVE research; Subject Term: DECOMPOSITION (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnosability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete-event systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fault diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Model-based diagnosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple faults; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural model decomposition; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engappai.2016.04.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115552122&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephan, Katrin
AU  - Wagner, Roland
AU  - Jaumann, Ralf
AU  - Clark, Roger N.
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
AU  - Brown, Robert H.
AU  - Giese, Bernd
AU  - Roatsch, Thomas
AU  - Filacchione, Gianrico
AU  - Matson, Dennis
AU  - Ore, Cristina Dalle
AU  - Capaccioni, Fabrizio
AU  - Baines, Kevin H.
AU  - Rodriguez, Sebastien
AU  - Krupp, Norbert
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Nicholson, Phil D.
T1  - Cassini's geological and compositional view of Tethys.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 274
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The Saturnian satellite Tethys exhibits geological and spectral properties, whose appearance, nature and spatial distribution partly mirror those identified on the neighboring satellites Dione and Rhea or fit to the picture how spectral surface properties are expected to change from one satellite to the other within the inner Saturnian system. However, we also identified spectral variations that are unique in the Saturnian system. Whereas geologically young surface features are characterized by pure H 2 O–ice composition with relatively large particles, which match the particle sizes measured for fresh surface features also on Dione and Rhea, geologically old weathered regions are dominated by submicron-sized ice particles. Our investigations confirm that the Odysseus impact event did not cause the formation of Tethys’ extended graben system Ithaca Chasma. On the contrary, Odysseus might be responsible for the N–S trending ‘icy’ bands that mark Tethys’ surface in the center of its leading and trailing hemisphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics)
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - IR spectrometers
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Ices
KW  - IR spectroscopy
KW  - Satellites surfaces
KW  - Saturn
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 115216637; Stephan, Katrin 1; Email Address: Katrin.Stephan@dlr.de Wagner, Roland 1 Jaumann, Ralf 1,2 Clark, Roger N. 3 Cruikshank, Dale P. 4 Brown, Robert H. 5 Giese, Bernd 1 Roatsch, Thomas 1 Filacchione, Gianrico 6 Matson, Dennis 7 Ore, Cristina Dalle 4 Capaccioni, Fabrizio 6 Baines, Kevin H. 8 Rodriguez, Sebastien 9 Krupp, Norbert 10 Buratti, Bonnie J. 6 Nicholson, Phil D. 11; Affiliation:  1: DLR, Institute of Planetary Research, 12489 Berlin, Germany  2: Dept. of Earth Sciences, Inst. of Geosciences, Free University, Berlin, Germany  3: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  6: INAF-IAPS, 00133 Rome, Italy  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: Space Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA  9: Laboratoire AIM, Univerisité Paris Diderot – Paris 7/CNRS/CEA-Saclay, DSM/IRFU/SAp, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France  10: Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, 37077 Göttingen, Germany  11: Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 274, p1; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics); Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: IR spectrometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tanaka, Tomoaki
AU  - Yates, Emma
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Johnson, Matthew S.
AU  - Gore, Warren
AU  - Tadic, Jovan M.
AU  - Loewenstein, Max
AU  - Kuze, Akihiko
AU  - Frankenberg, Christian
AU  - Butz, Andre
AU  - Yoshida, Yukio
T1  - Two-Year Comparison of Airborne Measurements of CO2 and CH4 With GOSAT at Railroad Valley, Nevada.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 54
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 4367
EP  - 4375
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) is a project to measure the atmospheric profiles of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and ozone (O3) regularly over California and Nevada. Airborne instruments measuring GHGs and O3 are installed in a wing pod of an Alpha Jet aircraft and operated from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center at Moffett Field, CA. The instruments yield precise and accurate <bold>in situ</bold> vertical profiles of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and O 3. Measurements of vertical profiles of GHGs and O3 over Railroad Valley, NV have been conducted directly under the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) over passes on a monthly basis as part of the AJAX project since June 2011. The purpose of this work is to calculate aircraft-based dry-air mole fractions of the GHGs for the validation of GOSAT data products. This study expands and improves our previous comparisons by evaluating three algorithms against 24 months of <bold>in situ</bold> data collected over a Gain-M target. We used three different algorithms: Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space (ACOS v3.4r3), Remote Sensing of Greenhouse Gases for Carbon Cycle Modeling (RemoteC v2.3.5FP), and National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES v2.11). We find that the CO2 average differences of ACOS and RemoteC from AJAX are 0.26% and 0.24%, respectively. The difference between NIES and AJAX is 0.96%, which is higher than that of ACOS and RemoteC. The CH4 average differences for RemoteC and NIES are 2.1% and 1.7%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE -- Remote sensing
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - REMOTE-sensing images
KW  - Aircraft
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - Global warming
KW  - NASA
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - satellites
KW  - Sea measurements
N1  - Accession Number: 118691624; Tanaka, Tomoaki 1 Yates, Emma 2 Iraci, Laura T. 1 Johnson, Matthew S. 1 Gore, Warren 1 Tadic, Jovan M. 3 Loewenstein, Max 1 Kuze, Akihiko 4 Frankenberg, Christian 5 Butz, Andre 6 Yoshida, Yukio 7; Affiliation:  1: , NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: , Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, CA, USA  3: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA  4: , Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Japan  5: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  6: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany  7: , National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 54 Issue 8, p4367; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE -- Remote sensing; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: REMOTE-sensing images; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Global warming; Author-Supplied Keyword: NASA; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea measurements; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2539973
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gwenzi, David
AU  - Lefsky, Michael A.
AU  - Suchdeo, Vijay P.
AU  - Harding, David J.
T1  - Prospects of the ICESat-2 laser altimetry mission for savanna ecosystem structural studies based on airborne simulation data.
JO  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
JF  - ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 118
M3  - Article
SP  - 68
EP  - 82
SN  - 09242716
AB  - The next planned spaceborne lidar mission is the Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2 (ICESat-2), which will use the Advanced Topographic Laser Altimeter System (ATLAS) sensor, a photon counting technique. To pre-validate the capability of this mission for studying three dimensional vegetation structure in savannas, we assessed the potential of the measurement approach to estimate canopy height in an oak savanna landscape. We used data from the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), an airborne photon counting lidar sensor developed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center. ATLAS-like data was generated using the MATLAS simulator, which adjusts MABEL data’s detected number of signal and noise photons to that expected from the ATLAS instrument. Transects flown over the Tejon ranch conservancy in Kern County, California, USA were used for this work. For each transect we chose to use data from the near infrared channel that had the highest number of photons. We segmented each transect into 50 m, 25 m and 14 m long blocks and aggregated the photons in each block into a histogram based on their elevation values. We then used an automated algorithm to identify cut off points where the cumulative density of photons from the highest elevation indicates the presence of the canopy top and likewise where such cumulative density from the lowest elevation indicates the mean terrain elevation. MABEL derived height metrics were moderately correlated to discrete return lidar (DRL) derived height metrics ( r 2 and RMSE values ranging from 0.60 to 0.73 and 2.9 m to 4.4 m respectively) but MATLAS simulation resulted in more modest correlations with DRL indices ( r 2 ranging from 0.5 to 0.64 and RMSE from 3.6 m to 4.6 m). Simulations also indicated that the expected number of signal photons from ATLAS will be substantially lower, a situation that reduces canopy height estimation precision especially in areas of low density vegetation cover. On the basis of the simulated data, there is reason to believe that the ability of ICESat-2 to estimate height in savannas will be comparable to the original ICESat mission although the respective sensors have different measurement principles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry & Remote Sensing is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER altimeters
KW  - SPACE-based radar
KW  - PHOTON counting
KW  - SAVANNA ecology
KW  - Canopy height
KW  - ICESat-2
KW  - MABEL
KW  - MATLAS
KW  - Photon counting lidar
KW  - Savanna
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - GODDARD Library (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 115798383; Gwenzi, David 1; Email Address: dgwenzi@rams.colostate.edu Lefsky, Michael A. 1 Suchdeo, Vijay P. 2 Harding, David J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, NESB 108, 1499 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA  2: Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 118, p68; Subject Term: LASER altimeters; Subject Term: SPACE-based radar; Subject Term: PHOTON counting; Subject Term: SAVANNA ecology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Canopy height; Author-Supplied Keyword: ICESat-2; Author-Supplied Keyword: MABEL; Author-Supplied Keyword: MATLAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photon counting lidar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Savanna; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: GODDARD Library (U.S.); NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.04.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115798383&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Potter, Christopher
T1  - Measurements of fog water interception by shrubs on the California central coast.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
JF  - Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.)
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 20
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 315
EP  - 325
SN  - 14000350
AB  - Fog water deposition may be an important component of the water budget of herbaceous-shrub ecosystems on the central and southern coastal regions of California. This paper presents the first analysis of measured fog water drip rates and meteorological controls in shrublands of Big Sur, California. Seasonal totals of 1255 mm and 306 mm of fog water drip were recorded in 2014 and 2015 (respectively), for averaged fog deposition rates of 0.02-0.08 l m hr. to the soil under shrub canopy cover. The diurnal patterns of fog water drip showed that the majority of all trough water collected under shrubs on no-rain days occurred between the hours of 11 PM and 9 AM. During the study period from June 1 to October 31 of both 2014 and 2015, soil water content decreased significantly from average levels of 4-6 % at the shrub canopy center and middle locations, through 2-3 % VWC at the shrub edge locations, to levels at or below 2 % at 2-m distance locations from the shrub edge in open grass cover. Based on these results, we conclude that detectable rates of shrub canopy fog interception help sustain elevated soil water levels under shrubs and aid woody vegetation survival through periods of low rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Conservation (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - RAIN & rainfall
KW  - Central California
KW  - Coastal shrub
KW  - Deposition
KW  - Fog
KW  - Water budget
N1  - Accession Number: 116774455; Potter, Christopher 1; Email Address: chris.potter@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p315; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: RAIN & rainfall; Author-Supplied Keyword: Central California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Coastal shrub; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fog; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water budget; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11852-016-0443-y
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116774455&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yao, Weigang
AU  - Liou, Meng-Sing
T1  - A nonlinear modeling approach using weighted piecewise series and its applications to predict unsteady flows.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 318
M3  - Article
SP  - 58
EP  - 84
SN  - 00219991
AB  - To preserve nonlinearity of a full-order system over a range of parameters of interest, we propose an accurate and robust nonlinear modeling approach by assembling a set of piecewise linear local solutions expanded about some sampling states. The work by Rewienski and White [1] on micromachined devices inspired our use of piecewise linear local solutions to study nonlinear unsteady aerodynamics. These local approximations are assembled via nonlinear weights of radial basis functions. The efficacy of the proposed procedure is validated for a two-dimensional airfoil moving with different pitching motions, specifically AGARD's CT2 and CT5 problems [27] , in which the flows exhibit different nonlinear behaviors. Furthermore, application of the developed aerodynamic model to a two-dimensional aero-elastic system proves the approach is capable of predicting limit cycle oscillations (LCOs) by using AGARD's CT6 [28] as a benchmark test. All results, based on inviscid solutions, confirm that our nonlinear model is stable and accurate, against the full model solutions and measurements, and for predicting not only aerodynamic forces but also detailed flowfields. Moreover, the model is robust for inputs that considerably depart from the base trajectory in form and magnitude. This modeling provides a very efficient way for predicting unsteady flowfields with varying parameters because it needs only a tiny fraction of the cost of a full-order modeling for each new condition—the more cases studied, the more savings rendered. Hence, the present approach is especially useful for parametric studies, such as in the case of design optimization and exploration of flow phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RADIAL basis functions
KW  - AEROFOILS
KW  - PITCHING (Aerodynamics)
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - Limited cycle oscillations
KW  - Modeling of nonlinear dynamics with parametric inputs
KW  - Unsteady flow
KW  - Weighted piecewise linear (WPL) model
N1  - Accession Number: 115595128; Yao, Weigang 1 Liou, Meng-Sing 1; Email Address: meng-sing.liou@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 318, p58; Subject Term: UNSTEADY flow (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RADIAL basis functions; Subject Term: AEROFOILS; Subject Term: PITCHING (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Limited cycle oscillations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling of nonlinear dynamics with parametric inputs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weighted piecewise linear (WPL) model; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.04.052
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarez Laguna, A.
AU  - Lani, A.
AU  - Deconinck, H.
AU  - Mansour, N.N.
AU  - Poedts, S.
T1  - A fully-implicit finite-volume method for multi-fluid reactive and collisional magnetized plasmas on unstructured meshes.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 318
M3  - Article
SP  - 252
EP  - 276
SN  - 00219991
AB  - We present a Finite Volume scheme for solving Maxwell's equations coupled to magnetized multi-fluid plasma equations for reactive and collisional partially ionized flows on unstructured meshes. The inclusion of the displacement current allows for studying electromagnetic wave propagation in a plasma as well as charge separation effects beyond the standard magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) description, however, it leads to a very stiff system with characteristic velocities ranging from the speed of sound of the fluids up to the speed of light. In order to control the fulfillment of the elliptical constraints of the Maxwell's equations, we use the hyperbolic divergence cleaning method. In this paper, we extend the latter method applying the CIR scheme with scaled numerical diffusion in order to balance those terms with the Maxwell flux vectors. For the fluids, we generalize the AUSM + -up to multiple fluids of different species within the plasma. The fully implicit second-order method is first verified on the Hartmann flow (including comparison with its analytical solution), two ideal MHD cases with strong shocks, namely, Orszag–Tang and the MHD rotor, then validated on a much more challenging case, representing a two-fluid magnetic reconnection under solar chromospheric conditions. For the latter case, a comparison with pioneering results available in literature is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE volume method
KW  - MAGNETIZATION
KW  - COLLISIONAL plasma
KW  - MAXWELL equations
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - Finite volume method
KW  - Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
KW  - Multi-fluid
KW  - Plasma
KW  - MAXWELL, Charles William
N1  - Accession Number: 115595126; Alvarez Laguna, A. 1,2; Email Address: alejandro.alvarez.laguna@vki.ac.be Lani, A. 1; Email Address: alani@vki.ac.be Deconinck, H. 1; Email Address: deconinck@vki.ac.be Mansour, N.N. 3; Email Address: Nagi.N.Mansour@nasa.gov Poedts, S. 2; Email Address: Stefaan.Poedts@wis.kuleuven.be; Affiliation:  1: Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Waterloosesteenweg 72, 1640 Sint Genesius Rode, Belgium  2: Centre for Mathematical Plasma Astrophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200B, 3001 Leuven, Belgium  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 230-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 318, p252; Subject Term: FINITE volume method; Subject Term: MAGNETIZATION; Subject Term: COLLISIONAL plasma; Subject Term: MAXWELL equations; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC waves; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite volume method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD); Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-fluid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasma; People: MAXWELL, Charles William; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.04.058
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Konduru, Vinaykumar
AU  - Bellur, Kishan
AU  - Médici, Ezequiel F.
AU  - Allen, Jeffrey S.
AU  - Chang Kyoung Choi
AU  - Hussey, Daniel S.
AU  - Jacobson, David
AU  - Leăo, Juscelino B.
AU  - McQuillen, John
AU  - Hermanson, James C.
T1  - Examining Liquid Hydrogen Wettability Using Neutron Imaging.
JO  - Journal of Heat Transfer
JF  - Journal of Heat Transfer
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 138
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 080901-1
EP  - 080901-1
SN  - 00221481
AB  - The article presents a study aimed to examine liquid hydrogen wettability using neutron imaging. Topics discussed include control of propellant boil-off is essential in long-term space missions; propellant cryogenic condensation/evaporation in microgravity; and image evaporation and condensation of hydrogenated propellants.
KW  - LIQUID hydrogen
KW  - LIQUEFIED gases
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - SCANNING systems
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
N1  - Accession Number: 117044063; Konduru, Vinaykumar 1 Bellur, Kishan 1 Médici, Ezequiel F. 1 Allen, Jeffrey S. 1 Chang Kyoung Choi 1 Hussey, Daniel S. 2 Jacobson, David 2 Leăo, Juscelino B. 2 McQuillen, John 3 Hermanson, James C. 4; Affiliation:  1: Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931  2: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899  3: NASA Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, OH 44135  4: University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 138 Issue 8, p080901-1; Subject Term: LIQUID hydrogen; Subject Term: LIQUEFIED gases; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: SCANNING systems; Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Brown, Linda R.
AU  - Miller, Charles E.
AU  - Payne, Vivienne H.
AU  - Drouin, Brian J.
AU  - Yu, Shanshan
AU  - Crawford, Timothy J.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Gamache, Robert R.
T1  - Line parameters including temperature dependences of air- and self-broadened line shapes of 12C16O2: 2.06-μm region.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 326
M3  - Article
SP  - 21
EP  - 47
SN  - 00222852
AB  - This study reports the results from analyzing a number of high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectra in the 2.06-μm spectral region for pure CO 2 and mixtures of CO 2 in dry air. A multispectrum nonlinear least squares curve fitting technique has been used to retrieve the various spectral line parameters. The dataset includes 27 spectra: ten pure CO 2 , two 99% 13 C-enriched CO 2 and fifteen spectra of mixtures of 12 C-enriched CO 2 in dry air. The spectra were recorded at various gas sample temperatures between 170 and 297 K. The absorption path lengths range from 0.347 to 49 m. The sample pressures for the pure CO 2 spectra varied from 1.1 to 594 Torr; for the two 13 CO 2 spectra the pressures were ∼10 and 146 Torr. For the air-broadened spectra, the pressures of the gas mixtures varied between 200 and 711 Torr with CO 2 volume mixing ratios ranging from 0.014% to 0.203%. The multispectrum fitting technique was applied to fit simultaneously all these spectra to retrieve consistent set of line positions, intensities, and line shape parameters including their temperature dependences; for this, the Voigt line shape was modified to include line mixing (via the relaxation matrix formalism) and quadratic speed dependence. The new results are compared to select published values, including recent ab initio calculations. These results are required to retrieve the column averaged dry air mole fraction ( X CO2 ) from space-based observations, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite mission that NASA launched in July 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - HIGH resolution spectroscopy
KW  - TEMPERATURE
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - CO 2
KW  - Lorentz widths
KW  - Pressure shifts
KW  - Relaxation matrix element coefficients
KW  - Spectral line shapes
KW  - Speed dependence
KW  - Temperature dependences
N1  - Accession Number: 117182778; Benner, D. Chris 1 Devi, V. Malathy 1; Email Address: Malathy.d.venkataraman@nasa.gov Sung, Keeyoon 2 Brown, Linda R. 2 Miller, Charles E. 2 Payne, Vivienne H. 2 Drouin, Brian J. 2 Yu, Shanshan 2 Crawford, Timothy J. 2 Mantz, Arlan W. 3 Smith, Mary Ann H. 4 Gamache, Robert R. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  3: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA  4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Office of the Academic Affairs, Student Affairs, International Relations, University of Massachusetts, One Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02108, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 326, p21; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Subject Term: HIGH resolution spectroscopy; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO 2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lorentz widths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relaxation matrix element coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral line shapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependences; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2016.02.012
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - IIIDatiles, Manuel B.
AU  - IIIFerris, Frederick
AU  - Ansari, Rafat R.
AU  - Jr.Zigler, J. Samuel
T1  - Reply.
JO  - Ophthalmology
JF  - Ophthalmology
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 123
IS  - 8
M3  - Letter to the Editor
SP  - e48
EP  - e48
SN  - 01616420
KW  - CATARACT
KW  - CRITICAL opalescence
N1  - Accession Number: 116809602; IIIDatiles, Manuel B. 1; Email Address: Datilesm@nei.nih.gov IIIFerris, Frederick 1 Ansari, Rafat R. 2 Jr.Zigler, J. Samuel 3; Affiliation:  1: Office of the Clinical Director, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio  3: Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 123 Issue 8, pe48; Subject Term: CATARACT; Subject Term: CRITICAL opalescence; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Letter to the Editor
L3  - 10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.02.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116809602&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benedetti, Marcello
AU  - Realpe-Gómez, John
AU  - Biswas, Rupak
AU  - Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro
T1  - Estimation of effective temperatures in quantum annealers for sampling applications: A case study with possible applications in deep learning.
JO  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 94
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 10502947
AB  - An increase in the efficiency of sampling from Boltzmann distributions would have a significant impact on deep learning and other machine-learning applications. Recently, quantum annealers have been proposed as a potential candidate to speed up this task, but several limitations still bar these state-of-the-art technologies from being used effectively. One of the main limitations is that, while the device may indeed sample from a Boltzmann-like distribution, quantum dynamical arguments suggest it will do so with an instance-dependent effective temperature, different from its physical temperature. Unless this unknown temperature can be unveiled, it might not be possible to effectively use a quantum annealer for Boltzmann sampling. In this work, we propose a strategy to overcome this challenge with a simple effective-temperature estimation algorithm. We provide a systematic study assessing the impact of the effective temperatures in the learning of a special class of a restricted Boltzmann machine embedded on quantum hardware, which can serve as a building block for deep-learning architectures. We also provide a comparison to k-step contrastive divergence (CD-k) with k up to 100. Although assuming a suitable fixed effective temperature also allows us to outperform one-step contrastive divergence (CD-1), only when using an instance-dependent effective temperature do we find a performance close to that of CD-100 for the case studied here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM annealing
KW  - MAXWELL-Boltzmann distribution law
KW  - DEEP learning (Machine learning)
KW  - BENEDETTI, Marcello
KW  - REALPE-Gomez, John
KW  - BISWAS, Rupak
KW  - PERDOMO-Ortiz, Alejandro
KW  - PHYSICAL Review (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 119589982; Benedetti, Marcello 1,2,3 Realpe-Gómez, John 1,2,4 Biswas, Rupak 5 Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro 1,6; Email Address: alejandro.perdomoortiz@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: SGT Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400, Greenbelt, Maryland 20770, USA  3: Department of Computer Science, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom  4: Instituto de Matemáticas Aplicadas, Universidad de Cartagena, Bolívar 130001, Colombia  5: Exploration Technology Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  6: University of California, Santa Cruz, at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 94 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM annealing; Subject Term: MAXWELL-Boltzmann distribution law; Subject Term: DEEP learning (Machine learning); Reviews & Products: PHYSICAL Review (Periodical); People: BENEDETTI, Marcello; People: REALPE-Gomez, John; People: BISWAS, Rupak; People: PERDOMO-Ortiz, Alejandro; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.022308
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119589982&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandrà, Salvatore
AU  - Zheng Zhu
AU  - Wenlong Wang
AU  - Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro
AU  - Katzgraber, Helmut G.
T1  - Strengths and weaknesses of weak-strong cluster problems: A detailed overview of state-of-the-art classical heuristics versus quantum approaches.
JO  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 94
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 10502947
AB  - To date, a conclusive detection of quantum speedup remains elusive. Recently, a team by Google Inc. [V. S. Denchev et al., Phys. Rev. X 6, 031015 (2016)] proposed a weak-strong cluster model tailored to have tall and narrow energy barriers separating local minima, with the aim to highlight the value of finite-range tunneling. More precisely, results from quantum Monte Carlo simulations as well as the D-Wave 2X quantum annealer scale considerably better than state-of-the-art simulated annealing simulations. Moreover, the D-Wave 2X quantum annealer is ~108 times faster than simulated annealing on conventional computer hardware for problems with approximately 10³ variables. Here, an overview of different sequential, nontailored, as well as specialized tailored algorithms on the Google instances is given. We show that the quantum speedup is limited to sequential approaches and study the typical complexity of the benchmark problems using insights from the study of spin glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review A: Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM computing
KW  - ACTIVATION energy
KW  - QUANTUM annealing
KW  - MANDRA, Salvatore
KW  - ZHENG Zhu
KW  - WENLONG Wang
KW  - PERDOMO-Ortiz, Alejandro
KW  - KATZGRABER, Helmut G.
KW  - PHYSICAL Review (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 119590009; Mandrà, Salvatore 1; Email Address: smandra@fas.harvard.edu Zheng Zhu 2; Email Address: zzwtgts@tamu.edu Wenlong Wang 2; Email Address: wenlong@physics.umass.edu Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro 3,4; Email Address: alejandro.perdomoortiz@nasa.gov Katzgraber, Helmut G. 2,5,6; Email Address: hgk@tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA  3: Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  4: University of California Santa Cruz @ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  5: Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA  6: Applied Mathematics Research Centre, Coventry University, Coventry, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 94 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM computing; Subject Term: ACTIVATION energy; Subject Term: QUANTUM annealing; Reviews & Products: PHYSICAL Review (Periodical); People: MANDRA, Salvatore; People: ZHENG Zhu; People: WENLONG Wang; People: PERDOMO-Ortiz, Alejandro; People: KATZGRABER, Helmut G.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevA.94.022337
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119590009&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hannon, Ami
AU  - Yijiang Lu
AU  - Jing Li
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - A Sensor Array for the Detection and Discrimination of Methane and Other Environmental Pollutant Gases.
JO  - Sensors (14248220)
JF  - Sensors (14248220)
Y1  - 2016/08//
VL  - 16
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 14248220
AB  - We address the sensitive detection and discrimination of gases impacting the environment, such as CH4, NH3, SO2, and CO, using a sensor array and aided by principal component analysis (PCA). A 32-element chemiresistive sensor array consisting of nine different sensor materials including seven types of modified single-walled carbon nanotubes and two types of polymers has been constructed. PCA results demonstrate excellent discriminating ability of the chemiresistor sensor chip in the 1-30 ppm concentration range. The accuracy of the sensor was verified against data collected using cavity ring down spectroscopy. The sensor chip has also been integrated with a smartphone and has been shown to reproduce the sensing performance obtained with the laboratory measurement system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors (14248220) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SENSOR arrays
KW  - METHANE
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - POLLUTANTS
KW  - MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics)
KW  - SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes
KW  - electronic nose
KW  - functionalized nanotubes
KW  - gas sensor
KW  - principal component analysis
KW  - room temperature gas sensing
KW  - selective methane sensor
KW  - smartphone based sensor
N1  - Accession Number: 117401611; Hannon, Ami 1,2; Email Address: ami.m.hannon@nasa.gov Yijiang Lu 1,3; Email Address: yijiang.lu-1@nasa.gov Jing Li 1; Email Address: jing.li-1@nasa.gov Meyyappan, M. 1; Email Address: m.meyyappan@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Analtyical Mechanics Associates, Inc. at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: ELORET Corporation at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 16 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: SENSOR arrays; Subject Term: METHANE; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: POLLUTANTS; Subject Term: MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics); Subject Term: SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: electronic nose; Author-Supplied Keyword: functionalized nanotubes; Author-Supplied Keyword: gas sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: principal component analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: room temperature gas sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: selective methane sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: smartphone based sensor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/s16081163
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evan Sinukoff
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Erik A. Petigura
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Ian J. M. Crossfield
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Benjamin J. Fulton
AU  - Howard Isaacson
AU  - Kimberly M. Aller
AU  - Christoph Baranec
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Brad M. S. Hansen
AU  - Heather A. Knutson
AU  - Nicholas M. Law
AU  - Michael C. Liu
AU  - Reed Riddle
AU  - Courtney D. Dressing
T1  - ELEVEN MULTIPLANET SYSTEMS FROM K2 CAMPAIGNS 1 AND 2 AND THE MASSES OF TWO HOT SUPER-EARTHS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/08/10/
VL  - 827
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a catalog of 11 multiplanet systems from Campaigns 1 and 2 of the K2 mission. We report the sizes and orbits of 26 planets split between seven two-planet systems and four three-planet systems. These planets stem from a systematic search of the K2 photometry for all dwarf stars observed by K2 in these fields. We precisely characterized the host stars with adaptive optics imaging and analysis of high-resolution optical spectra from Keck/HIRES and medium-resolution spectra from IRTF/SpeX. We confirm two planet candidates by mass detection and validate the remaining 24 candidates to >99% confidence. Thirteen planets were previously validated or confirmed by other studies, and 24 were previously identified as planet candidates. The planets are mostly smaller than Neptune (21/26 planets), as in the Kepler mission, and all have short periods (P < 50 days) due to the duration of the K2 photometry. The host stars are relatively bright (most have Kp < 12.5 mag) and are amenable to follow-up characterization. For K2-38, we measured precise radial velocities using Keck/HIRES and provide initial estimates of the planet masses. K2-38b is a short-period super-Earth with a radius of R⊕, a mass of  M⊕, and a high density consistent with an iron-rich composition. The outer planet K2-38c is a lower-density sub-Neptune-size planet with a radius of R⊕ and a mass of  M⊕ that likely has a substantial envelope. This new planet sample demonstrates the capability of K2 to discover numerous planetary systems around bright stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - OPTICAL measurements
KW  - OPTICAL astronomy
KW  - SURFACE brightness (Astronomy)
N1  - Accession Number: 117379221; Evan Sinukoff 1,2 Andrew W. Howard 1 Erik A. Petigura 3,4 Joshua E. Schlieder 5,6 Ian J. M. Crossfield 7,8 David R. Ciardi 9 Benjamin J. Fulton 1,10 Howard Isaacson 11 Kimberly M. Aller 1 Christoph Baranec 1 Charles A. Beichman 9 Brad M. S. Hansen 12 Heather A. Knutson 3 Nicholas M. Law 13 Michael C. Liu 1 Reed Riddle 14 Courtney D. Dressing 3,8; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: NSERC Postgraduate Research Fellow.  3: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: Hubble Fellow.  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  7: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  8: NASA Sagan Fellow.  9: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  10: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.  11: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  12: Department of Physics & Astronomy and Institute of Geophysics & Planetary Physics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA  13: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA  14: Division of Physics, Mathematics, and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2016, Vol. 827 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: OPTICAL measurements; Subject Term: OPTICAL astronomy; Subject Term: SURFACE brightness (Astronomy); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/78
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117379221&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Veselin B. Kostov
AU  - Jerome A. Orosz
AU  - William F. Welsh
AU  - Laurance R. Doyle
AU  - Daniel C. Fabrycky
AU  - Nader Haghighipour
AU  - Billy Quarles
AU  - Donald R. Short
AU  - William D. Cochran
AU  - Michael Endl
AU  - Eric B. Ford
AU  - Joao Gregorio
AU  - Tobias C. Hinse
AU  - Howard Isaacson
AU  - Jon M. Jenkins
AU  - Eric L. N. Jensen
AU  - Stephen Kane
AU  - Ilya Kull
AU  - David W. Latham
AU  - Jack J. Lissauer
T1  - KEPLER-1647B: THE LARGEST AND LONGEST-PERIOD KEPLER TRANSITING CIRCUMBINARY PLANET.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/08/10/
VL  - 827
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report the discovery of a new Kepler transiting circumbinary planet (CBP). This latest addition to the still-small family of CBPs defies the current trend of known short-period planets orbiting near the stability limit of binary stars. Unlike the previous discoveries, the planet revolving around the eclipsing binary system Kepler-1647 has a very long orbital period (∼1100 days) and was at conjunction only twice during the Kepler mission lifetime. Due to the singular configuration of the system, Kepler-1647b is not only the longest-period transiting CBP at the time of writing, but also one of the longest-period transiting planets. With a radius of 1.06 ± 0.01 RJup, it is also the largest CBP to date. The planet produced three transits in the light curve of Kepler-1647 (one of them during an eclipse, creating a syzygy) and measurably perturbed the times of the stellar eclipses, allowing us to measure its mass, 1.52 ± 0.65 MJup. The planet revolves around an 11-day period eclipsing binary consisting of two solar-mass stars on a slightly inclined, mildly eccentric (ebin = 0.16), spin-synchronized orbit. Despite having an orbital period three times longer than Earth’s, Kepler-1647b is in the conservative habitable zone of the binary star throughout its orbit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCUMBINARY planets
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ORBITAL mechanics
KW  - ASTRODYNAMICS
N1  - Accession Number: 117379197; Veselin B. Kostov 1,2; Email Address: veselin.b.kostov@nasa.gov Jerome A. Orosz 3 William F. Welsh 3 Laurance R. Doyle 4 Daniel C. Fabrycky 5 Nader Haghighipour 6 Billy Quarles 2,7,8 Donald R. Short 3 William D. Cochran 9 Michael Endl 9 Eric B. Ford 10 Joao Gregorio 11 Tobias C. Hinse 12,13 Howard Isaacson 14 Jon M. Jenkins 15 Eric L. N. Jensen 16 Stephen Kane 17 Ilya Kull 18 David W. Latham 19 Jack J. Lissauer 15; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Mail Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: NASA Postdoctoral Fellow.  3: Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043; and Principia College, IMoP, One Maybeck Place, Elsah, IL 62028, USA  5: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  6: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  7: Department of Physics and Physical Science, The University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division MS 245-3, Code SST, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: McDonald Observatory, The University of Texas as Austin, Austin, TX 78712-0259, USA  10: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, 428A Davey Lab, University Park, PA 16802, USA  11: Atalaia Group and Crow-Observatory, Portalegre, Portugal  12: Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Advanced Astronomy and Space Science Division, Daejeon 305-348, Korea  13: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, BT61 9DG Armagh, Northern Ireland, UK  14: Department of Astronomy, University of California Berkeley, 501 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  15: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  16: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA 19081, USA  17: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  18: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel  19: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 8/10/2016, Vol. 827 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CIRCUMBINARY planets; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ORBITAL mechanics; Subject Term: ASTRODYNAMICS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/827/1/86
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117379197&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Lim, Darlene
AU  - Deans, Matthew
AU  - Cook, Amanda
AU  - Roush, Ted
AU  - Skok, J.R.
AU  - Button, Nicole E.
AU  - Karunatillake, S.
AU  - Stoker, Carol
AU  - Marquez, Jessica J.
AU  - Shirley, Mark
AU  - Kobayashi, Linda
AU  - Lees, David
AU  - Bresina, John
AU  - Hunt, Rusty
T1  - Lunar polar rover science operations: Lessons learned and mission architecture implications derived from the Mojave Volatiles Prospector (MVP) terrestrial field campaign.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2016/08/15/
VL  - 58
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 545
EP  - 559
SN  - 02731177
AB  - The Mojave Volatiles Prospector (MVP) project is a science-driven field program with the goal of producing critical knowledge for conducting robotic exploration of the Moon. Specifically, MVP focuses on studying a lunar mission analog to characterize the form and distribution of lunar volatiles. Although lunar volatiles are known to be present near the poles of the Moon, the three dimensional distribution and physical characteristics of lunar polar volatiles are largely unknown. A landed mission with the ability to traverse the lunar surface is thus required to characterize the spatial distribution of lunar polar volatiles. NASA’s Resource Prospector (RP) mission is a lunar polar rover mission that will operate primarily in sunlit regions near a lunar pole with near-real time operations to characterize the vertical and horizontal distribution of volatiles. The MVP project was conducted as a field campaign relevant to the RP lunar mission to provide science, payload, and operational lessons learned to the development of a real-time, short-duration lunar polar volatiles prospecting mission. To achieve these goals, the MVP project conducted a simulated lunar rover mission to investigate the composition and distribution of surface and subsurface volatiles in a natural environment with an unknown volatile distribution within the Mojave Desert, improving our understanding of how to find, characterize, and access volatiles on the Moon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR surface vehicles
KW  - MOON
KW  - SPACE flight to the moon
KW  - SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Missions
KW  - Moon
KW  - Rover
KW  - Volatiles
N1  - Accession Number: 116522903; Heldmann, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: Jennifer.Heldmann@nasa.gov Colaprete, Anthony 1 Elphic, Richard C. 1 Lim, Darlene 1,2 Deans, Matthew 1 Cook, Amanda 1 Roush, Ted 1 Skok, J.R. 3 Button, Nicole E. 3 Karunatillake, S. 3 Stoker, Carol 1 Marquez, Jessica J. 1 Shirley, Mark 1 Kobayashi, Linda 1 Lees, David 1 Bresina, John 1 Hunt, Rusty 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA 94952, United States  3: Louisiana State University, Geology and Geophysics Department, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 58 Issue 4, p545; Subject Term: LUNAR surface vehicles; Subject Term: MOON; Subject Term: SPACE flight to the moon; Subject Term: SPATIAL distribution (Quantum optics); Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rover; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volatiles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116522903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tsafack, Thierry
AU  - Alred, John M.
AU  - Wise, Kristopher E.
AU  - Jensen, Benjamin
AU  - Siochi, Emilie
AU  - Yakobson, Boris I.
T1  - Exploring the interface between single-walled carbon nanotubes and epoxy resin.
JO  - Carbon
JF  - Carbon
Y1  - 2016/08/15/
VL  - 105
M3  - Article
SP  - 600
EP  - 606
SN  - 00086223
AB  - A significant mechanical reinforcement of epoxy matrices with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) requires a very strong covalent interfacial bonding between the tube and the resin, diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA). Using classical molecular dynamics (MD) and density functional theory (DFT), various methods of improving covalent binding to CNTs are applied on four major categories: CNT diameters, dopants, defects, and functional groups. The diameter category includes (n, 0) CNTs with n = 5, 7, 9,11, 13, 15; the dopant category includes B-, N-, and Si-doped CNTs; the defect category includes CNTs with monovacancies, Stone-Wales, and more complex nitrogen terminated monovacancies and divacancies; the functional group category includes CNTs with atomic oxygen, hydroxyl, amine, carboxyl, and a combination of oxygen and hydroxyl. The computation of binding energies (BE), affinity indices (AI), and shear fracture forces on all configurations converged to the conclusion that smaller tubes, Si-doped CNTs, CNTs functionalized with a combination of oxygen and hydroxyl, and CNTs with monovacancies show the strongest indication for mechanical reinforcement in their respective categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Carbon is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes
KW  - EPOXY resins
KW  - INTERFACIAL bonding
KW  - COVALENT bonds (Chemistry)
KW  - BISPHENOL A
KW  - BINDING energy
KW  - HYDROXYL group
N1  - Accession Number: 115802100; Tsafack, Thierry 1 Alred, John M. 1 Wise, Kristopher E. 2; Email Address: Kristopher.E.Wise@nasa.gov Jensen, Benjamin 2 Siochi, Emilie 2 Yakobson, Boris I. 1; Email Address: biy@rice.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street MS-325, Houston, TX, USA  2: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 105, p600; Subject Term: SINGLE walled carbon nanotubes; Subject Term: EPOXY resins; Subject Term: INTERFACIAL bonding; Subject Term: COVALENT bonds (Chemistry); Subject Term: BISPHENOL A; Subject Term: BINDING energy; Subject Term: HYDROXYL group; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325210 Resin and synthetic rubber manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325211 Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.carbon.2016.04.066
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115802100&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Enhanced composite damping through engineered interfaces.
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2016/08/15/
VL  - 92/93
M3  - Article
SP  - 91
EP  - 104
SN  - 00207683
AB  - The damping properties of unidirectional, laminated, and woven composites have been predicted using a multiscale implementation of the High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells micromechanics theory. This model considers periodic repeating unit cell geometries on both the global and local scales and utilizes the constituent material specific damping coefficients, mechanical properties, and local fields, along with the strain energy approach, to determine effective directional specific damping coefficients of the composite. In addition to comparisons of the HFGMC predictions with results from the literature, the effect of a degraded fiber/matrix interface was examined parametrically. A significant finding was that strong maxima exist in the predicted composite damping coefficients as a function of degree of interfacial mechanical degradation. This suggests that drastic improvements in damping in composites can be achieved by properly engineering the fiber/matrix interface. The multiscale HFGMC simulations presented illustrate that the decrease in composite mechanical properties caused by such an engineered interface can be minimized when implemented within a technologically relevant laminate, while still maintaining an extreme improvement in the laminate damping properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DAMPING (Mechanics)
KW  - WOVEN composites
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - UNIT cell
KW  - MULTISCALE modeling
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - Composites
KW  - Damping
KW  - High-fidelity generalized method of cells
KW  - Homogenization
KW  - Micromechanics
KW  - Multiscale modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 115846619; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: bednarcyk@yahoo.com Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA  2: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 92/93, p91; Subject Term: DAMPING (Mechanics); Subject Term: WOVEN composites; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: UNIT cell; Subject Term: MULTISCALE modeling; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damping; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-fidelity generalized method of cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Homogenization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale modeling; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2016.04.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115846619&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - A. Pon
AU  - M. J. Kaufman
AU  - D. Johnstone
AU  - P. Caselli
AU  - F. Fontani
AU  - M. J. Butler
AU  - I. Jiménez-Serra
AU  - A. Palau
AU  - J. C. Tan
T1  - MID-J CO SHOCK TRACING OBSERVATIONS OF INFRARED DARK CLOUDS. III. SLED FITTING.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/08/20/
VL  - 827
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Giant molecular clouds contain supersonic turbulence that can locally heat small fractions of gas to over 100 K. We run shock models for low-velocity, C-type shocks propagating into gas with densities between 103 and 105 cm−3 and find that CO lines are the most important cooling lines. Comparison to photodissociation region (PDR) models indicates that mid-J CO lines (J = 8 7 and higher) should be dominated by emission from shocked gas. In Papers I and II we presented CO J = 3 2, 8 7, and 9 8 observations toward four primarily quiescent clumps within infrared dark clouds. Here we fit PDR models to the combined spectral line energy distributions and show that the PDR models that best fit the low-J CO emission underpredict the mid-J CO emission by orders of magnitude, strongly hinting at a hot gas component within these clumps. The low-J CO data clearly show that the integrated intensities of both the CO J = 8 7 and 9 8 lines are anomalously high, such that the line ratio can be used to characterize the hot gas component. Shock models are reasonably consistent with the observed mid-J CO emission, with models with densities near cm−3 providing the best agreement. Where this mid-J CO is detected, the mean volume filling factor of the hot gas is 0.1%. Much of the observed mid-J CO emission, however, is also associated with known protostars and may be due to protostellar feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - SHOCK waves
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - PROTOSTARS
N1  - Accession Number: 117557567; A. Pon 1; Email Address: apon@uwo.ca M. J. Kaufman 2,3 D. Johnstone 4,5 P. Caselli 6 F. Fontani 7 M. J. Butler 8 I. Jiménez-Serra 9 A. Palau 10 J. C. Tan 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0106, USA  3: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NRC-Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7, Canada  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada  6: Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany  7: INAF--Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, Firenze I-50125, Italy  8: Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, 132 Hampstead Road, London NW1 2PS, UK  10: Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, P.O. Box 3-72, 58090 Morelia, Michoacán, México  11: Departments of Astronomy & Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2016, Vol. 827 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: SHOCK waves; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/107
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117557567&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M. J. Hankins
AU  - R. M. Lau
AU  - M. R. Morris
AU  - J. Sanchez-Bermudez
AU  - J. U. Pott
AU  - J. D. Adams
AU  - T. L. Herter
T1  - INFRARED OBSERVATIONS OF THE QUINTUPLET PROPER MEMBERS USING SOFIA/FORCAST AND GEMINI/TReCS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/08/20/
VL  - 827
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Since their discovery, the Quintuplet proper members (QPMs) have been somewhat mysterious in nature. Originally dubbed the “cocoon stars” due to their cool featureless spectra, high-resolution near-infrared imaging observations have shown that at least two of the objects exhibit “pinwheel” nebulae consistent with binary systems with a carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet star and O/B companion. In this paper, we present 19.7, 25.2, 31.5, and 37.1 μm observations of the QPMs (with an angular resolution of 3.2″–3.8″) taken with the Faint Object Infrared Camera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST) in conjunction with high-resolution (∼0.1″–0.2″) images at 8.8 and 11.7 μm from the Thermal-Region Camera Spectrograph (TReCS). DUSTY models of the thermal dust emission of two of the four detected QPMs, Q2 and Q3, are fitted by radial density profiles that are consistent with constant mass-loss rates (). For the two remaining sources, Q1 and Q9, extended structures (∼1″) are detected around these objects in high-resolution imaging data. Based on the fitted dust masses, Q9 has an unusually large dust reservoir () compared to typical dusty Wolf–Rayet stars, which suggests that it may have recently undergone an episode of enhanced mass loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - STARS
KW  - QUINTUPLETS
KW  - WOLF-Rayet stars
KW  - GALACTIC center
N1  - Accession Number: 117557546; M. J. Hankins 1 R. M. Lau 1,2 M. R. Morris 3 J. Sanchez-Bermudez 4,5 J. U. Pott 4 J. D. Adams 1,6 T. L. Herter 1; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, 202 Space Sciences Building, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-6801, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109-8099, USA  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1547, USA  4: Max Planck Institut fur Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  5: Instituto de Astrofìsica de Andalucìa (CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomìa S/N, E-18008 Granada, Spain  6: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Universities Space Research Association, NASA/Armstrong Flight Research Center, 2825 East Avenue P, Palmdale, CA 93550, USA; Source Info: 8/20/2016, Vol. 827 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: QUINTUPLETS; Subject Term: WOLF-Rayet stars; Subject Term: GALACTIC center; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/136
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117557546&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephen A. Pardy
AU  - Elena D'onghia
AU  - E. Athanassoula
AU  - Eric M. Wilcots
AU  - Kartik Sheth
T1  - TIDALLY INDUCED OFFSET DISKS IN MAGELLANIC SPIRAL GALAXIES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/08/20/
VL  - 827
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Magellanic spiral galaxies are a class of one-armed systems that often exhibit an offset stellar bar and are rarely found around massive spiral galaxies. Using a set of N-body and hydrodynamic simulations, we consider a dwarf–dwarf galaxy interaction as the driving mechanism for the formation of this peculiar class of systems. We investigate here the relation between the dynamical, stellar, and gaseous disk center and the bar. In all our simulations the bar center always coincides with the dynamical center, while the stellar disk becomes highly asymmetric during the encounter, causing the photometric center of the Magellanic galaxy disk to become mismatched with both the bar and the dynamical center. The disk asymmetries persist for almost 2 Gyr, the time that it takes for the disk to be recentered with the bar, and well after the companion has passed. This explains the nature of the offset bar found in many Magellanic-type galaxies, including the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and NGC 3906. In particular, these results, once applied to the LMC, suggest that the dynamical center should reside in the bar center instead of the H i center as previously assumed, pointing to a variation in the current estimate of the north component of the LMC proper motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGELLANIC clouds
KW  - BARRED galaxies
KW  - DWARF galaxies
KW  - GALACTIC halos
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 117557595; Stephen A. Pardy 1,2; Email Address: spardy@astro.wisc.edu Elena D'onghia 1,2 E. Athanassoula 2,3 Eric M. Wilcots 1,2 Kartik Sheth 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, 475 North Charter Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA  2: Alfred P. Sloan Fellow.  3: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, F-13388, Marseille, France  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Headquarters, 300 E. Street SW, Washington, DC 20546; Source Info: 8/20/2016, Vol. 827 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: MAGELLANIC clouds; Subject Term: BARRED galaxies; Subject Term: DWARF galaxies; Subject Term: GALACTIC halos; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/827/2/149
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117557595&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cheung, Sai Hung
AU  - Miki, Kenji
AU  - Prudencio, Ernesto
AU  - Simmons, Chris
T1  - Uncertainty quantification and robust predictive system analysis for high temperature kinetics of HCN/O2/Ar mixture.
JO  - Chemical Physics
JF  - Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2016/08/22/
VL  - 475
M3  - Article
SP  - 136
EP  - 152
SN  - 03010104
AB  - In this paper, a stochastic system based Bayesian approach is applied to quantify the uncertainties involved in the modeling of the HCN/O 2 /Ar mixture kinetics proposed by Thielen and Roth (1987). This enables more robust predictions of quantities of interest such as rate coefficients of HCN + Ar → H + CN + Ar and O 2 + CN → NCO + O by using a stochastic Arrhenius form calibrated against their experimental data. This Bayesian approach requires the evaluation of multidimensional integrals, which cannot be done analytically. Here a recently developed stochastic simulation algorithm, which allows for efficient sampling in the high-dimensional parameter space, is used. We quantify the uncertainties in the modeling of the HCN/O 2 /Ar mixture kinetics and in turn the two rate coefficients and the other relevant rate coefficients. The uncertainty in the error including both the experimental measurement error and physical modeling error is also quantified. The effect of the number of uncertain parameters on the uncertainties is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PREDICATE calculus
KW  - SYSTEM analysis
KW  - HIGH temperature chemistry
KW  - HYDROCYANIC acid
KW  - OXYGEN -- Analysis
KW  - ARGON -- Analysis
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - Arrhenius form
KW  - Bayesian approach
KW  - Deterministic model
KW  - Experimental error
KW  - Modeling error
KW  - Reaction rate
KW  - Robust predictive analysis
KW  - Stochastic model
KW  - Stochastic system
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
N1  - Accession Number: 117373000; Cheung, Sai Hung 1; Email Address: saihung@ices.utexas.edu Miki, Kenji 2; Email Address: kmiki@usra.edu Prudencio, Ernesto 1; Email Address: prudenci@ices.utexas.edu Simmons, Chris 1; Email Address: csim@ices.utexas.edu; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, Austin, TX 78712, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Aug2016, Vol. 475, p136; Subject Term: PREDICATE calculus; Subject Term: SYSTEM analysis; Subject Term: HIGH temperature chemistry; Subject Term: HYDROCYANIC acid; Subject Term: OXYGEN -- Analysis; Subject Term: ARGON -- Analysis; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Arrhenius form; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bayesian approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deterministic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Experimental error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling error; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Robust predictive analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.05.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117373000&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Everroad, R. Craig
AU  - Stuart, Rhona K.
AU  - Bebout, Brad M.
AU  - Detweiler, Angela M.
AU  - Lee, Jackson Z.
AU  - Woebken, Dagmar
AU  - Prufert-Bebout, Leslie
AU  - Pett-Ridge, Jennifer
T1  - Permanent draft genome of strain ESFC-1: ecological genomics of a newly discovered lineage of filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria.
JO  - Standards in Genomic Sciences
JF  - Standards in Genomic Sciences
Y1  - 2016/08/24/
VL  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 19443277
AB  - The nonheterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium, strain ESFC-1, is a recently described member of the order Oscillatoriales within the Cyanobacteria. ESFC-1 has been shown to be a major diazotroph in the intertidal microbial mat system at Elkhorn Slough, CA, USA. Based on phylogenetic analyses of the 16S RNA gene, ESFC-1 appears to belong to a unique, genus-level divergence; the draft genome sequence of this strain has now been determined. Here we report features of this genome as they relate to the ecological functions and capabilities of strain ESFC-1. The 5,632,035 bp genome sequence encodes 4914 protein-coding genes and 92 RNA genes. One striking feature of this cyanobacterium is the apparent lack of either uptake or bi-directional hydrogenases typically expected within a diazotroph. Additionally, a large genomic island is found that contains numerous low GC-content genes and genes related to extracellular polysaccharide production and cell wall synthesis and maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Standards in Genomic Sciences is the property of Genomic Standards Consortium and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NOSTOCALES
KW  - CYANOBACTERIA
KW  - LINEAGE
KW  - BACTERIAL cell walls
KW  - POLYSACCHARIDE-producing bacteria
KW  - DNA sequencing
KW  - Cyanobacteria
KW  - Hydrogenase
KW  - Intertidal microbial mat
KW  - Nitrogen fixation
N1  - Accession Number: 118302519; Everroad, R. Craig 1,2; Email Address: craig.everroad@nasa.gov Stuart, Rhona K. 3 Bebout, Brad M. 1 Detweiler, Angela M. 1,2 Lee, Jackson Z. 1,2 Woebken, Dagmar 1,4 Prufert-Bebout, Leslie 1 Pett-Ridge, Jennifer 3; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA  3: Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA  4: Division of Microbial Ecology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Research Network "Chemistry meets Microbiology", University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Source Info: 8/24/2016, Vol. 11, p1; Subject Term: NOSTOCALES; Subject Term: CYANOBACTERIA; Subject Term: LINEAGE; Subject Term: BACTERIAL cell walls; Subject Term: POLYSACCHARIDE-producing bacteria; Subject Term: DNA sequencing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyanobacteria; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydrogenase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intertidal microbial mat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen fixation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/s40793-016-0174-6
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118302519&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mackie, Cameron J.
AU  - Candian, Alessandra
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Maltseva, Elena
AU  - Petrignani, Annemieke
AU  - Oomens, Jos
AU  - Mattioda, Andrew L.
AU  - Buma, Wybren Jan
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Tielens, Alexander G. G. M.
T1  - The anharmonic quartic force field infrared spectra of five non-linear polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and triphenylene.
JO  - Journal of Chemical Physics
JF  - Journal of Chemical Physics
Y1  - 2016/08/28/
VL  - 145
IS  - 8
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 00219606
AB  - The study of interstellar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) relies heavily on theoretically predicted infrared spectra. Most earlier studies use scaled harmonic frequencies for band positions and the double harmonic approximation for intensities. However, recent high-resolution gas-phase experimental spectroscopic studies have shown that the harmonic approximation is not sufficient to reproduce experimental results. In our previous work, we presented the anharmonic theoretical spectra of three linear PAHs, showing the importance of including anharmonicities into the theoretical calculations. In this paper, we continue this work by extending the study to include five non-linear PAHs (benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and triphenylene), thereby allowing us to make a full assessment of how edge structure, symmetry, and size influence the effects of anharmonicities. The theoretical anharmonic spectra are compared to spectra obtained under matrix isolation low-temperature conditions, low-resolution, high-temperature gas-phase conditions, and high-resolution, low-temperature gas-phase conditions. Overall, excellent agreement is observed between the theoretical and experimental spectra although the experimental spectra show subtle but significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Chemical Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR force constants
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - ANTHRACENE
KW  - GAS phase reactions
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - CHRYSENE
N1  - Accession Number: 117931321; Mackie, Cameron J. 1; Email Address: mackie@strw.leidenuniv.nl Candian, Alessandra 1 Xinchuan Huang 2 Maltseva, Elena 3 Petrignani, Annemieke 1,3,4 Oomens, Jos 4 Mattioda, Andrew L. 5 Buma, Wybren Jan 3 Lee, Timothy J. 5 Tielens, Alexander G. G. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  4: Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 145 Issue 8, p1; Subject Term: MOLECULAR force constants; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: ANTHRACENE; Subject Term: GAS phase reactions; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: CHRYSENE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325194 Cyclic Crude, Intermediate, and Gum and Wood Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Charts, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4961438
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117931321&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yang Yang, Fan
AU  - Nelson, Bron
AU  - Aziz, Jonathan
AU  - Carlino, Roberto
AU  - Dono Perez, Andres
AU  - Faber, Nicolas
AU  - Foster, Cyrus
AU  - Frost, Chad
AU  - Henze, Chris
AU  - Karacalıoğlu, Arif Göktuğ
AU  - Levit, Creon
AU  - Marshall, William
AU  - Mason, James
AU  - O’Toole, Conor
AU  - Swenson, Jason
AU  - Worden, Simon P.
AU  - Stupl, Jan
T1  - LightForce photon-pressure collision avoidance: Efficiency analysis in the current debris environment and long-term simulation perspective.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 126
M3  - Article
SP  - 411
EP  - 423
SN  - 00945765
AB  - This work provides an efficiency analysis of the LightForce space debris collision avoidance scheme in the current debris environment and describes a simulation approach to assess its impact on the long-term evolution of the space debris environment. LightForce aims to provide just-in-time collision avoidance by utilizing photon pressure from ground-based industrial lasers. These ground stations impart minimal accelerations to increase the miss distance for a predicted conjunction between two objects. In the first part of this paper we will present research that investigates the short-term effect of a few systems consisting of 20 kW class lasers directed by 1.5 m diameter telescopes using adaptive optics. The results found such a network of ground stations to mitigate more than 85 percent of conjunctions and could lower the expected number of collisions in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by an order of magnitude. While these are impressive numbers that indicate LightForce's utility in the short-term, the remaining 15 % of possible collisions contain (among others) conjunctions between two massive objects that would add large amount of debris if they collide. Still, conjunctions between massive objects and smaller objects can be mitigated. Hence, we choose to expand the capabilities of the simulation software to investigate the overall effect of a network of LightForce stations on the long-term debris evolution. In the second part of this paper, we will present the planned simulation approach for that effort. For the efficiency analysis of collision avoidance in the current debris environment, we utilize a simulation approach that uses the entire Two Line Element (TLE) catalog in LEO for a given day as initial input. These objects are propagated for one year and an all-on-all conjunction analysis is performed. For conjunctions that fall below a range threshold, we calculate the probability of collision and record those values. To assess efficiency, we compare a baseline (without collision avoidance) conjunction analysis with an analysis where LightForce is active. Using that approach, we take into account that collision avoidance maneuvers could have effects on third objects. Performing all-on-all conjunction analyses for extended period of time requires significant computer resources; hence we implemented this simulation utilizing a highly parallel approach on the NASA Pleiades supercomputer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Collision avoidance
KW  - SPACE debris
KW  - LOW earth orbit satellites
KW  - SUPERCOMPUTERS
KW  - PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers)
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 117588713; Yang Yang, Fan 1 Nelson, Bron 2 Aziz, Jonathan 3 Carlino, Roberto 4 Dono Perez, Andres 1 Faber, Nicolas 5 Foster, Cyrus 6 Frost, Chad 7 Henze, Chris 7 Karacalıoğlu, Arif Göktuğ 4 Levit, Creon 6 Marshall, William 6 Mason, James 6 O’Toole, Conor 8 Swenson, Jason 9 Worden, Simon P. 10 Stupl, Jan 5; Email Address: jan.stupl@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: MEI/NASA Ames Research Center, United States  2: Computer Sciences Corporation/NASA Ames Research Center, United States  3: University of Colorado Boulder, United States  4: STC/NASA Ames Research Center, United States  5: SGT/NASA Ames Research Center, United States  6: Planet Labs, United States  7: NASA Ames Research Center, United States  8: University College Dublin/NASA Ames Research Center  9: LMCO Space OPNS/NASA Ames Research Center, United States  10: Breakthrough Prize Foundation, United States; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 126, p411; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Collision avoidance; Subject Term: SPACE debris; Subject Term: LOW earth orbit satellites; Subject Term: SUPERCOMPUTERS; Subject Term: PARALLEL processing (Electronic computers); Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.04.032
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117588713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guzzetti, Davide
AU  - Bosanac, Natasha
AU  - Haapala, Amanda
AU  - Howell, Kathleen C.
AU  - Folta, David C.
T1  - Rapid trajectory design in the Earth–Moon ephemeris system via an interactive catalog of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 126
M3  - Article
SP  - 439
EP  - 455
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Upcoming missions and prospective design concepts in the Earth–Moon system extensively leverage multi-body dynamics that may facilitate access to strategic locations or reduce propellant usage. To incorporate these dynamical structures into the mission design process, Purdue University and the NASA Goddard Flight Space Center have initiated the construction of a trajectory design framework to rapidly access and compare solutions from the circular restricted three-body problem. This framework, based upon a ‘dynamic’ catalog of periodic and quasi-periodic orbits within the Earth–Moon system, can guide an end-to-end trajectory design in an ephemeris model. In particular, the inclusion of quasi-periodic orbits further expands the design space, potentially enabling the detection of additional orbit options. To demonstrate the concept of a ‘dynamic’ catalog, a prototype graphical interface is developed. Strategies to characterize and represent periodic and quasi-periodic information for interactive trajectory comparison and selection are discussed. Two sample applications for formation flying near the Earth–Moon L 2 point and lunar space infrastructures are explored to demonstrate the efficacy of a ‘dynamic’ catalog for rapid trajectory design and validity in higher-fidelity models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAJECTORY control (Robotics)
KW  - LAGRANGIAN points
KW  - MULTIBODY systems
KW  - PROTOTYPES
KW  - Libration points
KW  - Multi-body systems
KW  - Periodic solutions
KW  - Quasi-periodic solutions
KW  - Three-body problem
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 117588672; Guzzetti, Davide 1; Email Address: dguzzett@purdue.edu Bosanac, Natasha 1; Email Address: nbosanac@purdue.edu Haapala, Amanda 1; Email Address: amanda.haapala@jhuapl.edu Howell, Kathleen C. 1; Email Address: howell@purdue.edu Folta, David C. 2; Email Address: david.c.folta@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 126, p439; Subject Term: TRAJECTORY control (Robotics); Subject Term: LAGRANGIAN points; Subject Term: MULTIBODY systems; Subject Term: PROTOTYPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Libration points; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-body systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Periodic solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quasi-periodic solutions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Three-body problem; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117588672&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rai, Amelia
AU  - Robinson, Julie A.
AU  - Tate-Brown, Judy
AU  - Buckley, Nicole
AU  - Zell, Martin
AU  - Tasaki, Kazuyuki
AU  - Karabadzhak, Georgy
AU  - Sorokin, Igor V.
AU  - Pignataro, Salvatore
T1  - Expanded benefits for humanity from the International Space Station.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 126
M3  - Article
SP  - 463
EP  - 474
SN  - 00945765
AB  - In 2012, the International Space Station (ISS) ( Fig. 1 ) partnership published the updated International Space Station Benefits for Humanity [1] , a compilation of stories about the many benefits being realized in the areas of human health, Earth observations and disaster response, and global education. This compilation has recently been revised to include updated statistics on the impacts of the benefits, and new benefits that have developed since the first publication. Two new sections have also been added to the book, economic development of space and innovative technology. This paper will summarize the updates on behalf of the ISS Program Science Forum, made up of senior science representatives across the international partnership. The new section on “Economic Development of Space” highlights case studies from public-private partnerships that are leading to a new economy in low earth orbit (LEO). Businesses provide both transportation to the ISS as well as some research facilities and services. These relationships promote a paradigm shift of government-funded, contractor-provided goods and services to commercially-provided goods purchased by government agencies. Other examples include commercial firms spending research and development dollars to conduct investigations on ISS and commercial service providers selling services directly to ISS users. This section provides examples of ISS as a test bed for new business relationships, and illustrates successful partnerships. The second new section, “Innovative Technology,” merges technology demonstration and physical science findings that promise to return Earth benefits through continued research. Robotic refueling concepts for life extensions of costly satellites in geo-synchronous orbit have applications to robotics in industry on Earth. Flame behavior experiments reveal insight into how fuel burns in microgravity leading to the possibility of improving engine efficiency on Earth. Nanostructures and smart fluids are examples of materials improvements that are being developed using data from ISS. The publication also expands the benefits of research results in human health, environmental change and disaster response and in education activities developed to capture student imaginations in support of science, technology, engineering and mathematics, or STEM, education internationally. Applications to human health of the knowledge gained on ISS continue to grow and improve healthcare technologies and our understanding of human physiology. Distinct benefits return to Earth from the only orbiting multi-disciplinary laboratory of its kind. The ISS is a stepping stone for future space exploration by providing findings that develop LEO and improve life on our planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HUMANITY
KW  - ECONOMIC development
KW  - LOW earth orbit satellites
KW  - NANOSTRUCTURES
KW  - ROBOTICS
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 117588675; Rai, Amelia 1; Email Address: amelia.e.rai@nasa.gov Robinson, Julie A. 1; Email Address: julie.a.robinson@nasa.gov Tate-Brown, Judy 2; Email Address: judy.tate-brown-1@nasa.gov Buckley, Nicole 3; Email Address: nicole.buckley@asc-csa.gc.ca Zell, Martin 4; Email Address: martin.zell@esa.int Tasaki, Kazuyuki 5; Email Address: tasaki.kazuyuki@jaxa.jp Karabadzhak, Georgy 6; Email Address: gfk@tsniimash.ru Sorokin, Igor V. 7; Email Address: igor.v.sorokin@rsce.ru Pignataro, Salvatore 8; Email Address: salvatore.pignataro@asi.it; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Johnson Space Center, United States  2: Barrios Technology, United States  3: Canadian Space Agency (CSA), Canada  4: European Space Agency (ESA), The Netherlands  5: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Japan  6: TSNIIMASH, Russian Federation  7: S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia, Korolev, Russia  8: Italian Space Agency (ASI), Italy; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 126, p463; Subject Term: HUMANITY; Subject Term: ECONOMIC development; Subject Term: LOW earth orbit satellites; Subject Term: NANOSTRUCTURES; Subject Term: ROBOTICS; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117588675&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
T1  - Introduction: Evaluation of RANS Solvers on Benchmark Aerodynamic Flows.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 54
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2561
EP  - 2562
SN  - 00011452
N1  - Accession Number: 117719466; Diskin, Boris 1 Thomas, James L. 2; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 54 Issue 9, p2561; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054642
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117719466&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher L.
AU  - Schwöppe, Axel
T1  - Grid-Convergence of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Solutions for Benchmark Flows in Two Dimensions.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 54
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2563
EP  - 2588
SN  - 00011452
AB  - A detailed grid-convergence study has been conducted to establish reference solutions corresponding to the one-equation linear eddy-viscosity Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model for two-dimensional turbulent flows around the NACA 0012 airfoil and a flat plate. The study involved the three widely used codes CFL3D (NASA), FUN3D (NASA), and TAU (DLR, The German Aerospace Center), as well as families of uniformly refined structured grids that differed in the grid density patterns. Solutions computed by different codes on different grid families appeared to converge to the same continuous limit but exhibited strikingly different convergence characteristics. The grid resolution in the vicinity of geometric singularities, such as a sharp trailing edge, was found to be the major factor affecting accuracy and convergence of discrete solutions; the effects of this local grid resolution were more prominent than differences in discretization schemes and/or grid elements. The results reported for these relatively simple turbulent flows demonstrated that CFL3D, FUN3D, and TAU solutions were very similar on the finest grids used in the study, but even those grids were not sufficient to conclusively establish an asymptotic convergence order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 117719467; Diskin, Boris 1 Thomas, James L. 2 Rumsey, Christopher L. 2 Schwöppe, Axel 3; Affiliation:  1: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  3: DLR, German Aerospace Center, 38108 Brunswick, Germany; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 54 Issue 9, p2563; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054555
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117719467&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pandya, Mohagna J.
AU  - Diskin, Boris
AU  - Thomas, James L.
AU  - Frink, Neal T.
T1  - Improved Convergence and Robustness of USM3D Solutions on Mixed-Element Grids.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 54
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2589
EP  - 2610
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Several improvements to the mixed-element USM3D discretization and defect-correction schemes have been made. A new methodology for nonlinear iterations, called the Hierarchical Adaptive Nonlinear Iteration Method, has been developed and implemented. The Hierarchical Adaptive Nonlinear Iteration Method provides two additional hierarchies around a simple and approximate preconditioner of USM3D. The hierarchies are a matrix-free linear solver for the exact linearization of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and a nonlinear control of the solution update. Two variants of the Hierarchical Adaptive Nonlinear Iteration Method are assessed on four benchmark cases, namely, a zero-pressure-gradient flat plate, a bump-in-channel configuration, the NACA 0012 airfoil, and a NASA Common Research Model configuration. The new methodology provides a convergence acceleration factor of 1.4 to 13 over the preconditioner-alone method representing the baseline solver technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 117719468; Pandya, Mohagna J. 1 Diskin, Boris 2 Thomas, James L. 1 Frink, Neal T. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 54 Issue 9, p2589; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054545
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117719468&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ceze, Marco A.
AU  - Fidkowski, Krzysztof J.
T1  - High-Order Output-Based Adaptive Simulations of Turbulent Flow in Two Dimensions.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 54
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2611
EP  - 2625
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Output-based high-order adaptive results are presented for several benchmark two-dimensional turbulent-flow simulations. The discretization is a high-order discontinuous Galerkin finite element method, and the equations solved are compressible Navier-Stokes, Reynolds-averaged with a modified version of the Spalart-Allmaras one-equation model. Mesh refinement requirements are studied through automated output-based adaptation in which a discrete adjoint solution associated with an output (e.g., the drag coefficient) weights a fine-space residual and automatically selects the elements that need more resolution. The roles of high-order and mesh anisotropy are also investigated. Finally, differences are investigated between two mesh refinement strategies: hanging-node refinement of structured meshes versus metric-based remeshing of unstructured triangles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 117719469; Ceze, Marco A. 1 Fidkowski, Krzysztof J. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 54 Issue 9, p2611; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054517
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117719469&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
AU  - Thompson, David
T1  - Prediction of renal crystalline size distributions in space using a PBE analytic model. 1. Effect of microgravity-induced biochemical alterations.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 311
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - F520
EP  - F530
SN  - 1931857X
AB  - An analytical Population Balance Equation model is developed and used to assess the risk of critical renal stone formation for astronauts during future space missions. The model uses the renal biochemical profile of the subject as input and predicts the steady-state size distribution of the nucleating, growing, and agglomerating calcium oxalate crystals during their transit through the kidney. The model is verified through comparison with published results of several crystallization experiments. Numerical results indicate that the model is successful in clearly distinguishing between 1-G normal and 1-G recurrent stone-former subjects based solely on their published 24-h urine biochemical profiles. Numerical case studies further show that the predicted renal calculi size distribution for a microgravity astronaut is closer to that of a recurrent stone former on Earth rather than to a normal subject in 1 G. This interestingly implies that the increase in renal stone risk level in microgravity is relatively more significant for a normal person than a stone former. However, numerical predictions still underscore that the stone-former subject carries by far the highest absolute risk of critical stone formation during space travel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KIDNEY stones
KW  - WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - CRYSTAL growth
KW  - agglomeration
KW  - crystal growth
KW  - crystal nucleation
KW  - gravity
KW  - nephrolithiasis
KW  - weightlessness
N1  - Accession Number: 118092259; Kassemi, Mohammad 1; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov Thompson, David 1; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 311 Issue 3, pF520; Subject Term: KIDNEY stones; Subject Term: WEIGHTLESSNESS; Subject Term: CRYSTAL growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: agglomeration; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: nephrolithiasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: weightlessness; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajprenal.00401.2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118092259&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kassemi, Mohammad
AU  - Thompson, David
T1  - Prediction of renal crystalline size distributions in space using a PBE analytic model. 2. Effect of dietary countermeasures.
JO  - American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology
JF  - American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 311
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - F531
EP  - F538
SN  - 1931857X
AB  - An analytic Population Balance Equation model is used to assess the efficacy of citrate, pyrophosphate, and augmented fluid intake as dietary countermeasures aimed at reducing the risk of renal stone formation for astronauts. The model uses the measured biochemical profile of the astronauts as input and predicts the steady-state size distribution of the nucleating, growing, and agglomerating renal calculi subject to biochemical changes brought about by administration of these dietary countermeasures. Numerical predictions indicate that an increase in citrate levels beyond its average normal groundbased urinary values is beneficial but only to a limited extent. Unfortunately, results also indicate that any decline in the citrate levels during space travel below its normal urinary values on Earth can easily move the astronaut into the stone-forming risk category. Pyrophosphate is found to be an effective inhibitor since numerical predictions indicate that even at quite small urinary concentrations, it has the potential of shifting the maximum crystal aggregate size to a much smaller and plausibly safer range. Finally, our numerical results predict a decline in urinary volume below 1.5 liters/day can act as a dangerous promoter of renal stone development in microgravity while urinary volume levels of 2.5-3 liters/day can serve as effective space countermeasures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of American Journal of Physiology: Renal Physiology is the property of American Physiological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KIDNEY stones
KW  - WEIGHTLESSNESS
KW  - NUCLEATION
KW  - agglomeration
KW  - crystal growth
KW  - crystal nucleation
KW  - dietary countermeasures
KW  - gravity
KW  - inhibition
KW  - nephrolithiasis
KW  - weightlessness
N1  - Accession Number: 118092260; Kassemi, Mohammad 1; Email Address: Mohammad.Kassemi@nasa.gov Thompson, David 1; Affiliation:  1: National Center for Space Exploration Research, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 311 Issue 3, pF531; Subject Term: KIDNEY stones; Subject Term: WEIGHTLESSNESS; Subject Term: NUCLEATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: agglomeration; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal growth; Author-Supplied Keyword: crystal nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: dietary countermeasures; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: nephrolithiasis; Author-Supplied Keyword: weightlessness; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1152/ajprenal.00402.2015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118092260&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Misra, Anupam K.
AU  - Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E.
AU  - Sharma, Shiv K.
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Gasda, Patrick J.
AU  - Taylor, G. Jeffrey
AU  - Lucey, Paul G.
AU  - Flynn, Luke
AU  - Abedin, M. Nurul
AU  - Clegg, Samuel M.
AU  - Wiens, Roger
T1  - ''Standoff Biofinder'' for Fast, Noncontact, Nondestructive, Large-Area Detection of Biological Materials for Planetary Exploration.
JO  - Astrobiology
JF  - Astrobiology
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 16
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 715
EP  - 729
SN  - 15311074
AB  - We developed a prototype instrument called the Standoff Biofinder, which can quickly locate biological material in a 500 cm2 area from a 2m standoff distance with a detection time of 0.1 s. All biogenic materials give strong fluorescence signals when excited with UV and visible lasers. In addition, the luminescence decay time of biogenic compounds is much shorter (<100 ns) than the micro- to millisecond decay time of transition metal ions and rare-earth ions in minerals and rocks. The Standoff Biofinder takes advantage of the short lifetime of biofluorescent materials to obtain real-time fluorescence images that show the locations of biological materials among luminescent minerals in a geological context. The Standoff Biofinder instrument will be useful for locating biological material during future NASA rover, lander, and crewed missions. Additionally, the instrument can be used for nondestructive detection of biological materials in unique samples, such as those obtained by sample return missions from the outer planets and asteroids. The Standoff Biofinder also has the capacity to detect microbes and bacteria on space instruments for planetary protection purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrobiology is the property of Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOMATERIALS
KW  - PLANETS -- Exploration
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - BIOGENIC sedimentary rocks
KW  - BIOFLUORESCENCE
KW  - Biofluorescence
KW  - Luminescence
KW  - Noncontact nondestructive biodetection
KW  - Planetary exploration
KW  - Planetary protection
KW  - Standoff Biofinder
KW  - Time-resolved fluorescence
N1  - Accession Number: 118198373; Misra, Anupam K. 1; Email Address: anupam@hawaii.edu Acosta-Maeda, Tayro E. 1 Sharma, Shiv K. 1 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Gasda, Patrick J. 3 Taylor, G. Jeffrey 1 Lucey, Paul G. 1 Flynn, Luke 1 Abedin, M. Nurul 4 Clegg, Samuel M. 3 Wiens, Roger 3; Affiliation:  1: Hawaii Institute of Geophysics and Planetology, University of Hawai'i at Mänoa, Honolulu, Hawaii  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  3: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 16 Issue 9, p715; Subject Term: BIOMATERIALS; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Exploration; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: BIOGENIC sedimentary rocks; Subject Term: BIOFLUORESCENCE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biofluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Luminescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Noncontact nondestructive biodetection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary protection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Standoff Biofinder; Author-Supplied Keyword: Time-resolved fluorescence; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1089/ast.2015.1400
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118198373&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gennaro D’Angelo
AU  - Peter Bodenheimer
T1  - IN SITU AND EX SITU FORMATION MODELS OF KEPLER 11 PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//9/1/2016
VL  - 828
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present formation simulations of the six Kepler 11 planets. Models assume either in situ or ex situ assembly, the latter with migration, and are evolved to the estimated age of the system, . Models combine detailed calculations of both the gaseous envelope and the condensed core structures, including accretion of gas and solids, of the disk’s viscous and thermal evolution, including photo-evaporation and disk-planet interactions, and of the planet’s evaporative mass loss after disk dispersal. Planet–planet interactions are neglected. Both sets of simulations successfully reproduce measured radii, masses, and orbital distances of the planets, except for the radius of Kepler 11b, which loses its entire gaseous envelope shortly after formation. Gaseous (H+He) envelopes account for % of the planet masses, and between and % of the planet radii. In situ models predict a very massive inner disk, whose solid surface density () varies from over 104 to at stellocentric distances . Initial gas densities would be in excess of if solids formed locally. Given the high disk temperatures (), planetary interiors can only be composed of metals and highly refractory materials. Sequestration of hydrogen by the core and subsequent outgassing is required to account for the observed radius of Kepler 11b. Ex situ models predict a relatively low-mass disk, whose initial varies from to at and whose initial gas density ranges from to . All planetary interiors are expected to be rich in H2O, as core assembly mostly occurs exterior to the ice condensation front. Kepler 11b is expected to have a steam atmosphere, and H2O is likely mixed with H+He in the envelopes of the other planets. Results indicate that Kepler 11g may not be more massive than Kepler 11e. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KEPLER'S laws
KW  - PLANETS -- Internal structure
KW  - PLANETARY theory
KW  - SEQUESTRATION (Chemistry)
KW  - HYDROGEN
N1  - Accession Number: 117856437; Gennaro D’Angelo 1,2; Email Address: gennaro.dangelo@nasa.gov Peter Bodenheimer 3; Email Address: peter@ucolick.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: UCO/Lick Observatory, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2016, Vol. 828 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: KEPLER'S laws; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Internal structure; Subject Term: PLANETARY theory; Subject Term: SEQUESTRATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: HYDROGEN; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/33
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117856437&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jesse Lieman-Sifry
AU  - A. Meredith Hughes
AU  - John M. Carpenter
AU  - Uma Gorti
AU  - Antonio Hales
AU  - Kevin M. Flaherty
T1  - DEBRIS DISKS IN THE SCORPIUS–CENTAURUS OB ASSOCIATION RESOLVED BY ALMA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//9/1/2016
VL  - 828
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a CO(2-1) and 1240 μm continuum survey of 23 debris disks with spectral types B9-G1, observed at an angular resolution of 0.″5–1″ with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). The sample was selected for large infrared excess and age ∼10 Myr, to characterize the prevalence of molecular gas emission in young debris disks. We identify three CO-rich debris disks, plus two additional tentative (3σ) CO detections. Twenty disks were detected in the continuum at the >3σ level. For the 12 disks in the sample that are spatially resolved by our observations, we perform an independent analysis of the interferometric continuum visibilities to constrain the basic dust disk geometry, as well as a simultaneous analysis of the visibilities and broadband spectral energy distribution to constrain the characteristic grain size and disk mass. The gas-rich debris disks exhibit preferentially larger outer radii in their dust disks, and a higher prevalence of characteristic grain sizes smaller than the blowout size. The gas-rich disks do not exhibit preferentially larger dust masses, contrary to expectations for a scenario in which a higher cometary destruction rate would be expected to result in a larger mass of both CO and dust. The three debris disks in our sample with strong CO detections are all around A stars: the conditions in disks around intermediate-mass stars appear to be the most conducive to the survival or formation of CO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - COMETARY orbits
KW  - GRAIN size
N1  - Accession Number: 117856457; Jesse Lieman-Sifry 1 A. Meredith Hughes 1 John M. Carpenter 2,3 Uma Gorti 4,5 Antonio Hales 3,6 Kevin M. Flaherty 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Van Vleck Observatory, Wesleyan University, 96 Foss Hill Drive, Middletown, CT 06459, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, MC 249-17, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array, Joint ALMA Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura 763-0355, Santiago, Chile  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  6: National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2016, Vol. 828 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: COMETARY orbits; Subject Term: GRAIN size; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/25
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117856457&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M. A. Cordiner
AU  - A. C. A. Boogert
AU  - S. B. Charnley
AU  - K. Justtanont
AU  - N. L. J. Cox
AU  - R. G. Smith
AU  - A. G. G. M. Tielens
AU  - E. S. Wirström
AU  - S. N. Milam
AU  - J. V. Keane
T1  - ON THE NATURE OF THE ENIGMATIC OBJECT IRAS 19312+1950: A RARE PHASE OF MASSIVE STAR FORMATION?
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//9/1/2016
VL  - 828
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - IRAS 19312+1950 is a peculiar object that has eluded firm characterization since its discovery, with combined maser properties similar to an evolved star and a young stellar object (YSO). To help determine its true nature, we obtained infrared spectra of IRAS 19312+1950 in the range 5–550 μm using the Herschel and Spitzer space observatories. The Herschel PACS maps exhibit a compact, slightly asymmetric continuum source at 170 μm, indicative of a large, dusty circumstellar envelope. The far-IR CO emission line spectrum reveals two gas temperature components: ≈0.22 M⊙ of material at 280 ± 18 K, and ≈1.6 M⊙ of material at 157 ± 3 K. The O i 63 μm line is detected on-source but no significant emission from atomic ions was found. The HIFI observations display shocked, high-velocity gas with outflow speeds up to 90 km s−1 along the line of sight. From Spitzer spectroscopy, we identify ice absorption bands due to H2O at 5.8 μm and CO2 at 15 μm. The spectral energy distribution is consistent with a massive, luminous (∼2 × 104L⊙) central source surrounded by a dense, warm circumstellar disk and envelope of total mass ∼500–700 M⊙, with large bipolar outflow cavities. The combination of distinctive far-IR spectral features suggest that IRAS 19312+1950 should be classified as an accreting, high-mass YSO rather than an evolved star. In light of this reclassification, IRAS 19312+1950 becomes only the fifth high-mass protostar known to exhibit SiO maser activity, and demonstrates that 18 cm OH maser line ratios may not be reliable observational discriminators between evolved stars and YSOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - IONS
N1  - Accession Number: 117856467; M. A. Cordiner 1,2; Email Address: martin.cordiner@nasa.gov A. C. A. Boogert 3 S. B. Charnley 1 K. Justtanont 4 N. L. J. Cox 5,6 R. G. Smith 7 A. G. G. M. Tielens 8 E. S. Wirström 4 S. N. Milam 1 J. V. Keane 9; Affiliation:  1: Astrochemistry Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 691, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA  3: Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Onsala Space Observatory, SE-439 92, Onsala, Sweden  5: Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, bus 2401, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium  6: Current address: Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, F-31028 Toulouse, France  7: School of Physical, Environmental & Mathematical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia  8: Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden, P.O. Box 9513, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  9: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2016, Vol. 828 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: IONS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/51
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117856467&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Viacheslav M Sadykov
AU  - Alexander G Kosovichev
AU  - Ivan N Sharykin
AU  - Ivan V Zimovets
AU  - Santiago Vargas Dominguez
T1  - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CHROMOSPHERIC EVAPORATION AND MAGNETIC FIELD TOPOLOGY IN AN M-CLASS SOLAR FLARE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//9/1/2016
VL  - 828
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Chromospheric evaporation is observed as Doppler blueshift during solar flares. It plays a key role in the dynamics and energetics of solar flares; however, its mechanism is still unknown. In this paper, we present a detailed analysis of spatially resolved multi-wavelength observations of chromospheric evaporation during an M 1.0-class solar flare (SOL2014-06-12T21:12) using data from NASA’s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and HMI/SDO (the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory), and high-resolution observations from VIS/NST (the Visible Imaging Spectrometer at the New Solar Telescope). The results show that the averaged over the flare region Fe xxi blueshift of the hot (107 K) evaporating plasma is delayed relative to the C ii redshift of the relatively cold (104 K) chromospheric plasma by about one minute. The spatial distribution of the delays is not uniform across the region and can be as long as two minutes in several zones. Using vector magnetograms from HMI, we reconstruct the magnetic field topology and the quasi-separatrix layer, and find that the blueshift delay regions as well as the Hα flare ribbons are connected to the region of the magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL) and an expanding flux rope via a system of low-lying loop arcades with a height of ≲4.5 Mm. As a result, the chromospheric evaporation may be driven by the energy release in the vicinity of PIL, and has the observed properties due to a local magnetic field topology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - SOLAR flares
KW  - SOLAR chromosphere
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
N1  - Accession Number: 117856485; Viacheslav M Sadykov 1 Alexander G Kosovichev 1,2,3 Ivan N Sharykin 4 Ivan V Zimovets 4 Santiago Vargas Dominguez 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: W.W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA  4: Space Research Institute (IKI) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia  5: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Observatorio Astronómico, Carrera 45 # 26-85, Bogotá, Colombia; Source Info: 9/1/2016, Vol. 828 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: SOLAR flares; Subject Term: SOLAR chromosphere; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117856485&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vivien Parmentier
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - Adam P. Showman
AU  - Caroline Morley
AU  - Mark S. Marley
T1  - TRANSITIONS IN THE CLOUD COMPOSITION OF HOT JUPITERS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09//9/1/2016
VL  - 828
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Over a large range of equilibrium temperatures, clouds shape the transmission spectrum of hot Jupiter atmospheres, yet their composition remains unknown. Recent observations show that the Kepler light curves of some hot Jupiters are asymmetric: for the hottest planets, the light curve peaks before secondary eclipse, whereas for planets cooler than ∼1900 K, it peaks after secondary eclipse. We use the thermal structure from 3D global circulation models to determine the expected cloud distribution and Kepler light curves of hot Jupiters. We demonstrate that the change from an optical light curve dominated by thermal emission to one dominated by scattering (reflection) naturally explains the observed trend from negative to positive offset. For the cool planets the presence of an asymmetry in the Kepler light curve is a telltale sign of the cloud composition, because each cloud species can produce an offset only over a narrow range of effective temperatures. By comparing our models and the observations, we show that the cloud composition of hot Jupiters likely varies with equilibrium temperature. We suggest that a transition occurs between silicate and manganese sulfide clouds at a temperature near 1600 K, analogous to the L/T transition on brown dwarfs. The cold trapping of cloud species below the photosphere naturally produces such a transition and predicts similar transitions for other condensates, including TiO. We predict that most hot Jupiters should have cloudy nightsides, that partial cloudiness should be common at the limb, and that the dayside hot spot should often be cloud-free. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HOT Jupiters
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - MANGANOUS sulfide
KW  - CLOUDINESS
N1  - Accession Number: 117856456; Vivien Parmentier 1,2,3 Jonathan J. Fortney 1 Adam P. Showman 2 Caroline Morley 1 Mark S. Marley 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  3: NASA Sagan Fellow.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/1/2016, Vol. 828 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HOT Jupiters; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: MANGANOUS sulfide; Subject Term: CLOUDINESS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/828/1/22
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117856456&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hamill, Patrick
AU  - Giordano, Marco
AU  - Ward, Carolyne
AU  - Giles, David
AU  - Holben, Brent
T1  - An AERONET-based aerosol classification using the Mahalanobis distance.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 140
M3  - Article
SP  - 213
EP  - 233
SN  - 13522310
AB  - We present an aerosol classification based on AERONET aerosol data from 1993 to 2012. We used the AERONET Level 2.0 almucantar aerosol retrieval products to define several reference aerosol clusters which are characteristic of the following general aerosol types: Urban-Industrial, Biomass Burning, Mixed Aerosol, Dust, and Maritime. The classification of a particular aerosol observation as one of these aerosol types is determined by its five-dimensional Mahalanobis distance to each reference cluster. We have calculated the fractional aerosol type distribution at 190 AERONET sites, as well as the monthly variation in aerosol type at those locations. The results are presented on a global map and individually in the supplementary material. Our aerosol typing is based on recognizing that different geographic regions exhibit characteristic aerosol types. To generate reference clusters we only keep data points that lie within a Mahalanobis distance of 2 from the centroid. Our aerosol characterization is based on the AERONET retrieved quantities, therefore it does not include low optical depth values. The analysis is based on “point sources” (the AERONET sites) rather than globally distributed values. The classifications obtained will be useful in interpreting aerosol retrievals from satellite borne instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ALMUCANTAR
KW  - BIOMASS burning
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - AERONET
KW  - Aerosol typing
KW  - Atmospheric aerosols
KW  - High AOD events
KW  - Mahalanobis distance
KW  - Seasonal aerosol variation
N1  - Accession Number: 116575548; Hamill, Patrick 1; Email Address: patrick.hamill@sjsu.edu Giordano, Marco 2 Ward, Carolyne 3 Giles, David 4 Holben, Brent 5; Affiliation:  1: San Jose State University, San Jose, California and NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: University of Nevada and Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA  3: California State University, Long Beach, CA, USA  4: Science Systems and Applications, USA and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Lanham, MD, Greenbelt, MD, USA  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 140, p213; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ALMUCANTAR; Subject Term: BIOMASS burning; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Author-Supplied Keyword: AERONET; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol typing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: High AOD events; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mahalanobis distance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Seasonal aerosol variation; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116575548&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Creamean, Jessie M.
AU  - White, Allen B.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
AU  - Spangenberg, Douglas A.
AU  - Prather, Kimberly A.
T1  - The relationships between insoluble precipitation residues, clouds, and precipitation over California’s southern Sierra Nevada during winter storms.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 140
M3  - Article
SP  - 298
EP  - 310
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Ice formation in orographic mixed-phase clouds can enhance precipitation and depends on the type of aerosols that serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs). The resulting precipitation from these clouds is a viable source of water, especially for regions such as the California Sierra Nevada. Thus, a better understanding of the sources of INPs that impact orographic clouds is important for assessing water availability in California. This study presents a multi-site, multi-year analysis of single-particle insoluble residues in precipitation samples that likely influenced cloud ice and precipitation formation above Yosemite National Park. Dust and biological particles represented the dominant fraction of the residues (64% on average). Cloud glaciation, determined using satellite observations, not only depended on high cloud tops (>5.9 km) and low temperatures (<−23 °C), but also on the presence of what were likely dust and biological INPs. The greatest prevalence of ice-phase clouds occurred in conjunction with biologically-rich residues and mineral dust rich in calcium, followed by iron and aluminosilicates. Dust and biological particles are known to be efficient INPs, thus these residues likely influenced ice formation in clouds above the sites and subsequent precipitation quantities reaching the surface during events with similar meteorology. The goal of this study is to use precipitation chemistry information to gain a better understanding of the potential sources of INPs in the south-central Sierra Nevada, where cloud-aerosol-precipitation interactions are poorly understood and where mixed-phase orographic clouds represent a key element in the generation of precipitation and thus the water supply in California. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - WINTER storms
KW  - OROGRAPHIC clouds
KW  - ICE formation & growth
KW  - GLACIATION
KW  - SIERRA Nevada (Calif. & Nev.)
KW  - Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions
KW  - Cloud glaciation
KW  - Ice nucleation
KW  - Sierra nevada
N1  - Accession Number: 116575531; Creamean, Jessie M. 1,2; Email Address: jessie.creamean@noaa.gov White, Allen B. 2 Minnis, Patrick 3 Palikonda, Rabindra 4 Spangenberg, Douglas A. 4 Prather, Kimberly A. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Physical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  4: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA  6: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 140, p298; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: WINTER storms; Subject Term: OROGRAPHIC clouds; Subject Term: ICE formation & growth; Subject Term: GLACIATION; Subject Term: SIERRA Nevada (Calif. & Nev.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud glaciation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice nucleation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sierra nevada; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116575531&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nyhan, Marguerite
AU  - Sobolevsky, Stanislav
AU  - Kang, Chaogui
AU  - Robinson, Prudence
AU  - Corti, Andrea
AU  - Szell, Michael
AU  - Streets, David
AU  - Lu, Zifeng
AU  - Britter, Rex
AU  - Barrett, Steven R.H.
AU  - Ratti, Carlo
T1  - Predicting vehicular emissions in high spatial resolution using pervasively measured transportation data and microscopic emissions model.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 140
M3  - Article
SP  - 352
EP  - 363
SN  - 13522310
AB  - Air pollution related to traffic emissions pose an especially significant problem in cities; this is due to its adverse impact on human health and well-being. Previous studies which have aimed to quantify emissions from the transportation sector have been limited by either simulated or coarsely resolved traffic volume data. Emissions inventories form the basis of urban pollution models, therefore in this study, Global Positioning System (GPS) trajectory data from a taxi fleet of over 15,000 vehicles were analyzed with the aim of predicting air pollution emissions for Singapore. This novel approach enabled the quantification of instantaneous drive cycle parameters in high spatio-temporal resolution, which provided the basis for a microscopic emissions model. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) emissions were thus estimated. Highly localized areas of elevated emissions levels were identified, with a spatio-temporal precision not possible with previously used methods for estimating emissions. Relatively higher emissions areas were mainly concentrated in a few districts that were the Singapore Downtown Core area, to the north of the central urban region and to the east of it. Daily emissions quantified for the total motor vehicle population of Singapore were found to be comparable to another emissions dataset. Results demonstrated that high-resolution spatio-temporal vehicle traces detected using GPS in large taxi fleets could be used to infer highly localized areas of elevated acceleration and air pollution emissions in cities, and may become a complement to traditional emission estimates, especially in emerging cities and countries where reliable fine-grained urban air quality data is not easily available. This is the first study of its kind to investigate measured microscopic vehicle movement in tandem with microscopic emissions modeling for a substantial study domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - TRANSPORTATION
KW  - WELL-being
KW  - URBAN pollution
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - GLOBAL Positioning System
KW  - Air quality
KW  - Emissions
KW  - Microscopic emissions model
KW  - Microscopic vehicle movement
KW  - Transportation
N1  - Accession Number: 116575525; Nyhan, Marguerite 1; Email Address: mnyhan@mit.edu Sobolevsky, Stanislav 2 Kang, Chaogui 3 Robinson, Prudence 1 Corti, Andrea 4 Szell, Michael 5 Streets, David 6 Lu, Zifeng 6 Britter, Rex 1 Barrett, Steven R.H. 7 Ratti, Carlo 1; Affiliation:  1: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, SENSEable City Laboratory, Cambridge, MA, United States  2: Centre for Urban Science and Progress, New York University, New York City, United States  3: Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China  4: Politecnico di Milano, 32 Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, Milano, Italy  5: Center for Complex Network Research, Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, United States  6: Argonne National Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Lemont, IL, United States  7: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Cambridge, MA, United States; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 140, p352; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: TRANSPORTATION; Subject Term: WELL-being; Subject Term: URBAN pollution; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: GLOBAL Positioning System; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air quality; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emissions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microscopic emissions model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microscopic vehicle movement; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488990 Other support activities for transportation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 488999 All Other Support Activities for Transportation; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116575525&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rollins, Andrew W.
AU  - Thornberry, Troy D.
AU  - Ciciora, Steven J.
AU  - McLaughlin, Richard J.
AU  - Watts, Laurel A.
AU  - Hanisco, Thomas F.
AU  - Baumann, Esther
AU  - Giorgetta, Fabrizio R.
AU  - Bui, Thaopaul V.
AU  - Fahey, David W.
AU  - Ru-Shan Gao
T1  - A laser-induced fluorescence instrument for aircraft measurements of sulfur dioxide in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 9
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 4601
EP  - 4613
SN  - 18671381
AB  - This work describes the development and testing of a new instrument for in situ measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on airborne platforms in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT-LS). The instrument is based on the laser-induced fluorescence technique and uses the fifth harmonic of a tunable fiber-amplified semiconductor diode laser system at 1084.5 nm to excite SO2 at 216.9 nm. Sensitivity and background checks are achieved in flight by additions of SO2 calibration gas and zero air, respectively. Aircraft demonstration was performed during the NASA Volcano-Plume Investigation Readiness and Gas-Phase and Aerosol Sulfur (VIRGAS) experiment, which was a series of flights using the NASA WB-57F during October 2015 based at Ellington Field and Harlingen, Texas. During these flights, the instrument successfully measured SO2 in the UT-LS at background (non-volcanic) conditions with a precision of 2 ppt at 10 s and an overall uncertainty determined primarily by instrument drifts of ±(16%+0.9 ppt). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER-induced fluorescence
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sulfur dioxide
KW  - AERONAUTICS in meteorology
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR lasers
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
N1  - Accession Number: 118346263; Rollins, Andrew W. 1,2; Email Address: andrew.rollins@noaa.gov Thornberry, Troy D. 1,2 Ciciora, Steven J. 2 McLaughlin, Richard J. 1,2 Watts, Laurel A. 1,2 Hanisco, Thomas F. 3 Baumann, Esther 4 Giorgetta, Fabrizio R. 4 Bui, Thaopaul V. 5 Fahey, David W. 1,2 Ru-Shan Gao 2; Affiliation:  1: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, CO, USA  2: NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Boulder, CO, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 9, p4601; Subject Term: LASER-induced fluorescence; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sulfur dioxide; Subject Term: AERONAUTICS in meteorology; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR lasers; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-4601-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118346263&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hedelius, Jacob K.
AU  - Parker, Harrison
AU  - Wunch, Debra
AU  - Roehl, Coleen M.
AU  - Viatte, Camille
AU  - Newman, Sally
AU  - Toon, Geoffrey C.
AU  - Podolske, James R.
AU  - Hillyard, Patrick W.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Dubey, Manvendra K.
AU  - Wennberg, Paul O.
T1  - Intercomparability of XCO2 and XCH4 from the United States TCCON sites.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/09//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 30
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) has become the standard for long-term column-averaged measurements of CO2 and CH4. Here, we use a pair of portable spectrometers to test for intra-network bias among the four currently operating TCCON sites in the United States (U.S.). A previous analytical error analysis has suggested that the maximum 2σ site-to-site relative (absolute) bias of TCCON should be less than 0.2% (0.8ppm) in XCO2 and 0.4% (7ppb) in XCH4. We find here experimentally that the 95% confidence intervals for maximum pairwise site-to-site bias among the four U.S. TCCON sites are 0.05-0.14% for XCO2 and 0.08-0.24% for XCH4. This is close to the limit of the bias we can detect using this methodology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON dioxide detectors
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
N1  - Accession Number: 118916283; Hedelius, Jacob K. 1; Email Address: jhedeliu@caltech.edu Parker, Harrison 2; Email Address: hparker@lanl.gov Wunch, Debra 3,4; Email Address: dwunch@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca Roehl, Coleen M. 3; Email Address: coleen@gps.caltech.edu Viatte, Camille 3; Email Address: camille@gps.caltech.edu Newman, Sally 3; Email Address: sally@gps.caltech.edu Toon, Geoffrey C. 3,5; Email Address: geoffrey.c.toon@jpl.nasa.gov Podolske, James R. 6; Email Address: james.r.podolske@nasa.gov Hillyard, Patrick W. 6,7; Email Address: patrick.hillyard@nasa.gov Iraci, Laura T. 6; Email Address: laura.t.iraci@nasa.gov Dubey, Manvendra K. 2; Email Address: dubey@lanl.gov Wennberg, Paul O. 3,8; Email Address: wennberg@gps.caltech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: Earth and Environmental Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA  3: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  4: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA  7: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA  8: Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA; Source Info: 2016, p1; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide detectors; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-279
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118916283&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - WOOD, ROBERT
AU  - JENSEN, MICHAEL P.
AU  - JIAN WANG
AU  - BRETHERTON, CHRISTOPHER S.
AU  - BURROWS, SUSANNAH M.
AU  - DEL GENIO, ANTHONY D.
AU  - FRIDLIND, ANN M.
AU  - GHAN, STEVEN J.
AU  - GHATE, VIRENDRA P.
AU  - KOLLIAS, PAVLOS
AU  - KRUEGER, STEVEN K.
AU  - MCGRAW, ROBERT L.
AU  - MILLER, MARK A.
AU  - PAINEMAL, DAVID
AU  - RUSSELL, LYNN M.
AU  - YUTER, SANDRA E.
AU  - ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA
T1  - PLANNING THE NEXT DECADE OF COORDINATED RESEARCH TO BETTER UNDERSTAND AND SIMULATE MARINE LOW CLOUDS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 97
IS  - 9
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 1699
EP  - 1702
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - Information related to marine low clouds as discussed at a workshop held at the Brookhaven National Laboratory on held January 27-29, 2016 is presented. Topics discussed include influence of the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) budget towards low clouds by changing concentration of the cloud droplet; collision-coalescence processes represented by climatic models.
KW  - METEOROLOGY -- Congresses
KW  - CLOUD condensation nuclei
KW  - CLOUD droplets
KW  - CONDENSATION (Meteorology)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
N1  - Accession Number: 118963994; WOOD, ROBERT 1; Email Address: robwood2@uw.edu JENSEN, MICHAEL P. 2 JIAN WANG 2 BRETHERTON, CHRISTOPHER S. 1 BURROWS, SUSANNAH M. 3 DEL GENIO, ANTHONY D. 4 FRIDLIND, ANN M. 4 GHAN, STEVEN J. 3 GHATE, VIRENDRA P. 5 KOLLIAS, PAVLOS 6 KRUEGER, STEVEN K. 7 MCGRAW, ROBERT L. 2 MILLER, MARK A. 8 PAINEMAL, DAVID 9 RUSSELL, LYNN M. 10 YUTER, SANDRA E. 11 ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA 12; Affiliation:  1: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  2: Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York  3: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington  4: NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York  5: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois  6: Stony Brook University, State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York  7: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah  8: Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey  9: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  10: Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California  11: North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina  12: University of Miami, Miami, Florida; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 97 Issue 9, p1699; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY -- Congresses; Subject Term: CLOUD condensation nuclei; Subject Term: CLOUD droplets; Subject Term: CONDENSATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0160.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Abdi, A.
AU  - Vrieling, A.
AU  - Yengoh, G.
AU  - Anyamba, A.
AU  - Seaquist, J.
AU  - Ummenhofer, C.
AU  - Ardö, J.
T1  - The El Niño - La Niña cycle and recent trends in supply and demand of net primary productivity in African drylands.
JO  - Climatic Change
JF  - Climatic Change
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 138
IS  - 1/2
M3  - Article
SP  - 111
EP  - 125
SN  - 01650009
AB  - Inter-annual climatic variability over a large portion of sub-Saharan Africa is under the influence of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Extreme variability in climate is a threat to rural livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, yet the role of ENSO in the balance between supply and demand of net primary productivity (NPP) over this region is unclear. Here, we analyze the impact of ENSO on this balance in a spatially explicit framework using gridded population data from the WorldPop project, satellite-derived data on NPP supply, and statistical data from the United Nations. Our analyses demonstrate that between 2000 and 2013 fluctuations in the supply of NPP associated with moderate ENSO events average ± 2.8 g C m yr. across sub-Saharan drylands. The greatest sensitivity is in arid Southern Africa where a + 1 °C change in the Niño-3.4 sea surface temperature index is associated with a mean change in NPP supply of −6.6 g C m yr.. Concurrently, the population-driven trend in NPP demand averages 3.5 g C m yr. over the entire region with densely populated urban areas exhibiting the highest mean demand for NPP. Our findings highlight the importance of accounting for the role ENSO plays in modulating the balance between supply and demand of NPP in sub-Saharan drylands. An important implication of these findings is that increase in NPP demand for socio-economic metabolism must be taken into account within the context of climate-modulated supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Climatic Change is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - ARID regions
KW  - SUPPLY & demand
KW  - SOCIOECONOMICS
KW  - Climate variability
KW  - Drylands
KW  - El Niño-southern oscillation
KW  - Net primary productivity
KW  - Sub-Saharan Africa
N1  - Accession Number: 117605198; Abdi, A. 1; Email Address: hakim.abdi@gmail.com Vrieling, A. 2 Yengoh, G. 3 Anyamba, A. 4 Seaquist, J. 1 Ummenhofer, C. 5 Ardö, J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science , Lund University , Sölvegatan 12 22362 Lund Sweden  2: Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation , University of Twente , 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands  3: Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies , 22362 Lund Sweden  4: Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory , National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Greenbelt USA  5: Department of Physical Oceanography , Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution , Woods Hole USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 138 Issue 1/2, p111; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Subject Term: ARID regions; Subject Term: SUPPLY & demand; Subject Term: SOCIOECONOMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate variability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drylands; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Niño-southern oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Net primary productivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sub-Saharan Africa; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10584-016-1730-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117605198&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liu, Yu Cheng
AU  - Xu, Yuhao
AU  - Hicks, Michael C.
AU  - Avedisian, C. Thomas
T1  - Comprehensive study of initial diameter effects and other observations on convection-free droplet combustion in the standard atmosphere for n-heptane, n-octane, and n-decane.
JO  - Combustion & Flame
JF  - Combustion & Flame
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 171
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 41
SN  - 00102180
AB  - This paper reports the results of a comprehensive experimental study on the effect of initial droplet diameter ( D o ) over a very wide range (0.5 mm < D o < 5 mm) on the spherically symmetric droplet burning characteristics in the standard atmosphere of three alkanes – n -heptane, n -octane and n -decane – that are representative of components found in petroleum-based transportation fuels and their surrogates. Spherical symmetry in the burning process was promoted by carrying out the experiments in a reduced convection (stagnant ambience) and buoyancy (low gravity) environment using the facilities of a ground-based drop tower for D o < 0.8 mm and a spaced-based platform (the International Space Station) for D o > 1.0 mm. The results show that for D o greater than about 2 mm, K decreases with increasing D o in an early period of burning and with the data being correlated in the form K ∼ D o − n based on a scale analysis of an energy balance on the flame. For D o larger than approximately 2 mm the droplet flames often disappeared indicating an extinction mechanism that was speculated to be due to radiative losses from the flame. Concurrently, measurements of wideband radiation dropped significantly and the burning rate gradually approached pure evaporation. In some instances for n -heptane and n -octane radiative extinction was accompanied by droplet evaporation rates that were significantly higher than evaporation in a hot ambience which persisted for a significant fraction of the burning history before decreasing to evaporation in a cold ambience. An energy balance on the drop related the flame temperature to droplet diameter from which it was predicted that flame temperatures after ignition were greater than 1200 K before dropping to under approximately 800 K and remaining constant thereafter until eventually reaching near ambient conditions. This intermediate regime of burning was conjectured to be associated with a low temperature combustion process. The transition to this intermediate regime upon radiative extinction was occasionally accompanied by flame oscillations, the origin of which was uncertain but could have been initiated by motion of the droplet owing to the deployment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Combustion & Flame is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DROPS
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - STANDARD atmosphere
KW  - ALKANES -- Oxidation
KW  - SPHERICAL functions
KW  - CONVECTIVE flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Droplet combustion
KW  - Extinction
KW  - Low temperature combustion
KW  - Microgravity
KW  - Radiation
KW  - Soot formation
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 117518280; Liu, Yu Cheng 1 Xu, Yuhao 2 Hicks, Michael C. 3 Avedisian, C. Thomas 2; Email Address: cta2@cornell.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Computer Science, Engineering and Physics University of Michigan-Flint, MI 48502, USA  2: Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  3: NASA-Glenn Research Center, Combustion and Reacting Systems Branch, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 171, p27; Subject Term: DROPS; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: STANDARD atmosphere; Subject Term: ALKANES -- Oxidation; Subject Term: SPHERICAL functions; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE flow (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Droplet combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Low temperature combustion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microgravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soot formation; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.05.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117518280&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sears, Derek W.G.
T1  - The CO chondrites: Major recent Antarctic finds, their thermal and radiation history, and describing the metamorphic history of members of the class.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 188
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 124
SN  - 00167037
AB  - Thermoluminescence (TL) properties of 29 CO chondrites from the Miller Range (MIL) and five chondrites from the Dominion Range (DOM) have been measured. MIL has a relatively strong natural TL signal (19.6 ± 14.7 krad), while some of the DOM samples have a very weak natural TL signal (<1 krad) whereas others resemble the MIL meteorites. I argue that MIL and some of the DOM samples had a normal perihelion (∼1.0 AU) and terrestrial age of ∼450–700 ka, while some of the DOM samples have a terrestrial age of ∼100 ka but a perihelion of ∼0.8 AU. The DOM meteorites also show considerable heterogeneity in their induced TL properties, also suggesting that the DOM fragments represent more than one fall. The induced TL data for the MIL samples studied here are consistent with them all being from a single fragmented meteorite. Small (50 mg) chips have TL properties similar to 500 mg chips, so that the smaller chips are representative, although samples taken from original masses less than ∼2 g have low natural TL suggesting that they were heated during atmospheric fall. The properties of CO chondrites are reviewed in terms of their petrologic types. Correlations between TL sensitivity, the most quantitative technique for evaluating metamorphic alteration in CO chondrites, and data for olivine composition and heterogeneity, matrix composition, inert gas content, metal composition (Ni, Co, and Cr in the kamacite), bulk carbon, C and O isotopes, graphite ordering, spectral reflectance at 0.8 μm, and textural characteristics of the ameboid olivine and Ca-rich inclusions are examined. The petrographic types appear to be largely metamorphic in origin with perhaps a minor role for metasomatism. Contrary to recent proposals it is here argued that petrologic type definitions should (1) be specific enough to be meaningful, but broad enough to be simple in application and robust to new developments, (2) be descriptive and not interpretative, (3) should not oversimplify and obscure important class-to-class differences, and (4) take account of all the available information, while avoiding reliance on any one technique or single observation whose application is based on interpretation. With these considerations in mind the petrographic type definitions for CO chondrites are restated and the petrologic type of 3.2 assigned to both the MIL and DOM CO chondrites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - RADIATION
KW  - METAMORPHISM (Geology)
KW  - THERMOLUMINESCENCE
KW  - HETEROGENEITY
KW  - ANTARCTIC meteorites
KW  - ANTARCTICA -- Environmental conditions
KW  - Antarctic meteorites
KW  - CO chondrites
KW  - Metamorphism
KW  - Thermoluminescence
N1  - Accession Number: 116988646; Sears, Derek W.G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science and Astrobiology Division (MS 245-3), Mountain View, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 188, p106; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: RADIATION; Subject Term: METAMORPHISM (Geology); Subject Term: THERMOLUMINESCENCE; Subject Term: HETEROGENEITY; Subject Term: ANTARCTIC meteorites; Subject Term: ANTARCTICA -- Environmental conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Antarctic meteorites; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO chondrites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metamorphism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermoluminescence; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.05.033
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116988646&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pajola, Maurizio
AU  - Rossato, Sandro
AU  - Carter, John
AU  - Baratti, Emanuele
AU  - Pozzobon, Riccardo
AU  - Erculiani, Marco Sergio
AU  - Coradini, Marcello
AU  - McBride, Karen
T1  - Eridania Basin: An ancient paleolake floor as the next landing site for the Mars 2020 rover.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 275
M3  - Article
SP  - 163
EP  - 182
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The search for traces of past Martian life is directly connected to ancient paleolakes, where ponding water or low-energy water fluxes were present for long time intervals. The Eridania paleolakes system, located along the 180° meridian, is one of the largest lacustrine environments that were once present on Mars. Morphological features suggest that it was constituted by connected depressions filled by water to maximum depths of ∼2400 m and a volume of at least 562,000 km 3 . We focused our attention on the northern side of the Eridania Basin, where high-albedo, uneven patches of material characterized by the absence of dust are present. Based on OMEGA and CRISM orbital imaging spectroscopy data, a large clay-bearing unit has been identified there. In particular, a set of aqueous minerals in present in the stratigraphy, being visible through erosional windows in the first several tens of meters of the sedimentary sequence. Below this capping unit, a thin Al-rich clay stratum attributable to Al-smectite and/or kaolins is present. This overlies a Fe-rich clay stratum, attributable to the nontronite smectite. At the base of the mineralogic sequence a stratum that could be either a zeolite or more likely a hydrated sulfate is present. In addition, small deposits of alunite (a rare phase on Mars), and jarosite are here found at several locations. Such stratigraphy is interpreted as originating from a surface weathering process similar to terrestrial abiotic pedogenesis; nonetheless, possible exobiologic processes can be also invoked to explain it. NASA's Spirit rover landed on Gusev crater in 2004, near the mouth of the Ma'adim Vallis, which connects this crater with the considered paleolakes system. The Eridania site provides the unique opportunity to complete the measurements obtained in Gusev crater, while investigating the exposed mineralogical sequence in its depositionary setting. In addition, the extremely favorable landing parameters, such as elevation, slope, roughness, rock distribution, thermal inertia and dust coverage, support this location as a possible landing site for the NASA Mars 2020 rover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - SPECTRAL imaging
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology
KW  - LAKE hydrology
KW  - ALUNITE
KW  - Exobiology
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Mars, surface
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 115437799; Pajola, Maurizio 1,2; Email Address: maurizio.pajola@gmail.com Rossato, Sandro 3 Carter, John 4 Baratti, Emanuele 5 Pozzobon, Riccardo 3 Erculiani, Marco Sergio 2 Coradini, Marcello 6,7 McBride, Karen 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Center of Studies and Activities for Space “G.Colombo”, University of Padova, Via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  3: Geosciences Department, University of Padova, Padova 3513, Italy  4: IAS, Paris-Sud University, Orsay 91405, France  5: School of Civil Engineering, Department DICAM - University of Bologna, Bologna 40136, Italy  6: European Space Agency, Paris 75015, France  7: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  8: University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 275, p163; Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: SPECTRAL imaging; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology; Subject Term: LAKE hydrology; Subject Term: ALUNITE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exobiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212393 Other Chemical and Fertilizer Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212398 All other non-metallic mineral mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Han, Jin-Woo
AU  - Wong, Hiu Yung
AU  - Moon, Dong-Il
AU  - Braga, Nelson
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
T1  - Stringer Gate FinFET on Bulk Substrate.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 63
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 3432
EP  - 3438
SN  - 00189383
AB  - A gate stringer normally considered parasitic is used as a subthreshold leakage suppressor in a bulk FinFET. The gate stringer remaining along the source/drain extension suppresses the formation of a sub-fin leakage path and improves the subthreshold slope. The stringer gate structure is implemented by simple process modification in the gate etch step while the other process steps are unchanged. The fabricated stringer gate FinFET shows 35% reduction in the OFF-state leakage current compared with a conventional FinFET without a retrograde well process at the expense of only 5% increase in parasitic capacitance. The power-delay product enhancement at reduced drive voltage characteristics exhibits that the stringer gate FinFET can be an attractive candidate for low standby power and subthreshold logic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LOGIC circuits
KW  - STRAY currents
KW  - FIELD-effect transistors
KW  - ELECTRIC capacity
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - Doping
KW  - FinFET
KW  - FinFETs
KW  - Junctions
KW  - Leakage currents
KW  - Logic gates
KW  - low standby power
KW  - Mathematical model
KW  - Scattering
KW  - steep retrograde well
KW  - stringer gate
KW  - sub-fin leakage
N1  - Accession Number: 117618529; Han, Jin-Woo 1 Wong, Hiu Yung 2 Moon, Dong-Il 1 Braga, Nelson 2 Meyyappan, M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Synopsys, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 63 Issue 9, p3432; Subject Term: LOGIC circuits; Subject Term: STRAY currents; Subject Term: FIELD-effect transistors; Subject Term: ELECTRIC capacity; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Author-Supplied Keyword: Doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: FinFET; Author-Supplied Keyword: FinFETs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Junctions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Leakage currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Logic gates; Author-Supplied Keyword: low standby power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Author-Supplied Keyword: steep retrograde well; Author-Supplied Keyword: stringer gate; Author-Supplied Keyword: sub-fin leakage; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TED.2016.2586607
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117618529&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, G. Louis
AU  - Thomas, Susan
AU  - Priestley, Kory J.
AU  - Walikainen, Dale
T1  - Tropical Mean Fluxes: A Tool for Calibration and Validation of CERES Radiometers.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 54
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 5135
EP  - 5142
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument requires in-flight calibration and validation to maintain its accuracy during orbit operations over an extended period. An internal calibration system provides calibration for the three channels; however, there is no device for calibration of the shortwave response of the total channel. A three-channel comparison technique has been developed to calibrate the shortwave response of the total channel using the tropical oceans as a vicarious calibration target. The difference between day and night outgoing longwave radiances (OLR) averaged over the tropical oceans is used to validate the day OLR. This paper evaluates the efficacy of the technique. A relation is computed at night between the window channel radiance and the OLR retrieved from the total channel for each month for each instrument. The relation has a standard deviation of 0.28 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1. Given 120 months of data, the precision of the curved line faired through these data is better than 0.05 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1. A bias is found between FM-1 and FM-3 of 0.3 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1, which is taken to be the accuracy with which the total channels can be calibrated with the internal blackbodies. This result includes the differences of longwave spectral responses of the instruments. The tropical mean OLR is between 87.4 and 90.2 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1 at night, with a standard deviation of 0.44 for FM-1 and 0.47 \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1 for FM-3. The average difference between day and night tropical mean from the four instruments is 0.6\pm 0.09\ \textW\cdot\textm^-2\cdot\textsr^-1 over their data periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION pyrometers
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - RADIATION measurements -- Instruments
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Calibration
KW  - Clouds and the earth's radiant energy system (CERES)
KW  - Earth
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - in-flight calibration
KW  - Instruments
KW  - Oceans
KW  - radiation budget
KW  - radiometry
KW  - remote sensing
KW  - Sea measurements
KW  - Space vehicles
KW  - validation
N1  - Accession Number: 118691695; Smith, G. Louis 1 Thomas, Susan 1 Priestley, Kory J. 2 Walikainen, Dale 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA  2: Science Directorate, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 54 Issue 9, p5135; Subject Term: RADIATION pyrometers; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements -- Instruments; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds and the earth's radiant energy system (CERES); Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: in-flight calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Instruments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oceans; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiation budget; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sea measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: validation; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2556581
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118691695&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thipphavong, David P.
T1  - Top-of-Climb Matching Method for Reducing Aircraft Trajectory Prediction Errors.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1211
EP  - 1223
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The inaccuracies of the aircraft performance models used by trajectory predictors with regard to takeoff weight, thrust, climb profile, and other parameters result in altitude errors during the climb phase that often exceed the vertical separation standard of 1000 ft. This study investigates the potential reduction in altitude trajectory prediction errors that could be achieved for climbing flights if just one additional parameter is made available: top-of-climb time. The top-of-climb matching method developed and evaluated in this paper is straightforward: A set of candidate trajectory predictions is generated using different aircraft weight parameters, and the one that most closely matches top of climb in terms of time is selected. This algorithm was tested using more than 1000 climbing flights in Fort Worth Center. Compared with the baseline trajectory predictions of a real-time research prototype (Center/Terminal Radar Approach Control Automation System), the top-of-climb matching method reduced the altitude root mean square error for a 5 min prediction time by 38%. It also decreased the percentage of flights with absolute altitude error greater than the vertical separation standard of 1000 ft for the same look-ahead time from 55 to 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118198566; Thipphavong, David P. 1,2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Aerospace Engineer, Flight Trajectory Dynamics and Controls Branch, Mail Stop 210-10  3: Member AIAA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1211; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C032966
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118198566&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brandon, Jay M.
AU  - Morelli, Eugene A.
T1  - Real-Time Onboard Global Nonlinear Aerodynamic Modeling from Flight Data.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1261
EP  - 1297
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Flight test and modeling techniques were developed to accurately identify global nonlinear aerodynamic models onboard an aircraft. The techniques were developed and demonstrated during piloted flight testing of an Aermacchi MB-326M Impala jet aircraft. Advanced piloting techniques and nonlinear modeling techniques based on fuzzy logic and multivariate orthogonal function methods were implemented with efficient onboard calculations and flight operations to achieve real-time maneuver monitoring, near-real-time global nonlinear aerodynamic modeling, and prediction validation testing in flight. Results demonstrated that global nonlinear aerodynamic models for a large portion of the flight envelope were identified rapidly and accurately using piloted flight test maneuvers during a single flight, with the final identified and validated models available before the aircraft landed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118198570; Brandon, Jay M. 1,2,3 Morelli, Eugene A. 1,2,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Engineer, Flight Dynamics Branch, Mail Stop 308  3: Associate Fellow AIAA  4: Research Engineer, Dynamic Systems and Control Branch, Mail Stop 308; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1261; Number of Pages: 37p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033133
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Weihua Su
AU  - Sean Shan-Min Swei
AU  - Zhu, Guoming G.
T1  - Optimum Wing Shape of Highly Flexible Morphing Aircraft for Improved Flight Performance.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1305
EP  - 1316
SN  - 00218669
AB  - In this paper, optimum wing bending and torsion deformations are explored for a mission adaptive, highly flexible morphing aircraft. The complete highly flexible aircraft is modeled using a strain-based geometrically nonlinear beam formulation, coupled with unsteady aerodynamics and six-degree-of-freedom rigid-body motions. Since there are no conventional discrete control surfaces for trimming the flexible aircraft, the design space for searching the optimum wing geometries is enlarged. To achieve high-performance flight, the wing geometry is best tailored according to the specific flight mission needs. In this study, the steady level flight and the coordinated turn flight are considered, and the optimum wing deformations with the minimum drag at these flight conditions are searched by using a modal-based optimization procedure, subject to the trim and other constraints. The numerical study verifies the feasibility of the modal-based optimization approach, and it shows the resulting optimum wing configuration and its sensitivity under different flight profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118198572; Weihua Su 1,2,3 Sean Shan-Min Swei 4,5,6 Zhu, Guoming G. 7,8; Affiliation:  1: University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0280  2: Assistant Professor, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics  3: Senior Member AIAA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  5: Research Scientist, Intelligent Systems Division  6: Member AIAA  7: Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824  8: Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1305; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033490
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118198572&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Perry III, Boyd
T1  - Results of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics Report Number 496: Revisited.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 53
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 1561
EP  - 1564
SN  - 00218669
N1  - Accession Number: 118198593; Perry III, Boyd 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199  2: Distinguished Research Associate, Aeroelasticity Branch; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 53 Issue 5, p1561; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033663
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118198593&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Tao
AU  - Calvo, Natalia
AU  - Yue, Jia
AU  - Russell, James M.
AU  - Smith, Anne K.
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - Chandran, Amal
AU  - Dou, Xiankang
AU  - Liu, Alan Z.
T1  - Southern Hemisphere Summer Mesopause Responses to El Niño-Southern Oscillation.
JO  - Journal of Climate
JF  - Journal of Climate
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 29
IS  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 6319
EP  - 6328
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 08948755
AB  - In the Southern Hemisphere (SH) polar region, satellite observations reveal a significant upper-mesosphere cooling and a lower-thermosphere warming during warm ENSO events in December. An opposite pattern is observed in the tropical mesopause region. The observed upper-mesosphere cooling agrees with a climate model simulation. Analysis of the simulation suggests that enhanced planetary wave (PW) dissipation in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) high-latitude stratosphere during El Niño strengthens the Brewer-Dobson circulation and cools the equatorial stratosphere. This increases the magnitude of the SH stratosphere meridional temperature gradient and thus causes the anomalous stratospheric easterly zonal wind and early breakdown of the SH stratospheric polar vortex. The resulting perturbation to gravity wave (GW) filtering causes anomalous SH mesospheric eastward GW forcing and polar upwelling and cooling. In addition, constructive inference of ENSO and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) could lead to stronger stratospheric easterly zonal wind anomalies at the SH high latitudes in November and December and early breakdown of the SH stratospheric polar vortex during warm ENSO events in the easterly QBO phase (defined by the equatorial zonal wind at ~25 hPa). This would in turn cause much more SH mesospheric eastward GW forcing and much colder polar temperatures, and hence it would induce an early onset time of SH summer polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). The opposite mechanism occurs during cold ENSO events in the westerly QBO phase. This implies that ENSO together with QBO could significantly modulate the breakdown time of SH stratospheric polar vortex and the onset time of SH PMC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Climate is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric circulation
KW  - Circulation/ Dynamics
KW  - Clouds
KW  - El Nino
KW  - ENSO
KW  - La Nina
KW  - Physical Meteorology and Climatology
KW  - Quasibiennial oscillation
N1  - Accession Number: 117740302; Li, Tao 1,2 Calvo, Natalia 3 Yue, Jia 4 Russell, James M. 4 Smith, Anne K. 5 Mlynczak, Martin G. 6 Chandran, Amal 7 Dou, Xiankang 1,2 Liu, Alan Z. 8; Affiliation:  1: CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China  2: Mengcheng National Geophysical Observatory, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China  3: Departamento de Fisica de la Tierra II, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain  4: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia  5: Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, i Boulder, Colorado  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  7: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado  8: Physical Science Department, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 29 Issue 17, p6319; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric circulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Circulation/ Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: El Nino; Author-Supplied Keyword: ENSO; Author-Supplied Keyword: La Nina; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical Meteorology and Climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quasibiennial oscillation; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 4 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0816.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117740302&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orphal, Johannes
AU  - Staehelin, Johannes
AU  - Tamminen, Johanna
AU  - Braathen, Geir
AU  - De Backer, Marie-Renée
AU  - Bais, Alkiviadis
AU  - Balis, Dimitris
AU  - Barbe, Alain
AU  - Bhartia, Pawan K.
AU  - Birk, Manfred
AU  - Burkholder, James B.
AU  - Chance, Kelly
AU  - von Clarmann, Thomas
AU  - Cox, Anthony
AU  - Degenstein, Doug
AU  - Evans, Robert
AU  - Flaud, Jean-Marie
AU  - Flittner, David
AU  - Godin-Beekmann, Sophie
AU  - Gorshelev, Viktor
T1  - Absorption cross-sections of ozone in the ultraviolet and visible spectral regions: Status report 2015.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 327
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 121
SN  - 00222852
AB  - The activity “Absorption Cross-Sections of Ozone” (ACSO) started in 2008 as a joint initiative of the International Ozone Commission (IO3C), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the IGACO (“Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations”) O 3 /UV subgroup to study, evaluate, and recommend the most suitable ozone absorption cross-section laboratory data to be used in atmospheric ozone measurements. The evaluation was basically restricted to ozone absorption cross-sections in the UV range with particular focus on the Huggins band. Up until now, the data of Bass and Paur published in 1985 (BP, 1985) are still officially recommended for such measurements. During the last decade it became obvious that BP (1985) cross-section data have deficits for use in advanced space-borne ozone measurements. At the same time, it was recognized that the origin of systematic differences in ground-based measurements of ozone required further investigation, in particular whether the BP (1985) cross-section data might contribute to these differences. In ACSO, different sets of laboratory ozone absorption cross-section data (including their dependence on temperature) of the group of Reims (France) (Brion et al., 1993, 1998, 1992, 1995, abbreviated as BDM, 1995) and those of Serdyuchenko et al. (2014), and Gorshelev et al. (2014), (abbreviated as SER, 2014) were examined for use in atmospheric ozone measurements in the Huggins band. In conclusion, ACSO recommends: (a) The spectroscopic data of BP (1985) should no longer be used for retrieval of atmospheric ozone measurements. (b) For retrieval of ground-based instruments of total ozone and ozone profile measurements by the Umkehr method performed by Brewer and Dobson instruments data of SER (2014) are recommended to be used. When SER (2014) is used, the difference between total ozone measurements of Brewer and Dobson instruments are very small and the difference between Dobson measurements at AD and CD wavelength pairs are diminished. (c) For ground-based Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) measurements the use of BDM (1995) or SER (2014) is recommended. (d) For satellite retrieval the presently widely used data of BDM (1995) should be used because SER (2014) seems less suitable for retrievals that use wavelengths close to 300 nm due to a deficiency in the signal-to-noise ratio in the SER (2014) dataset. The work of ACSO also showed: • The need to continue laboratory cross-section measurements of ozone of highest quality. The importance of careful characterization of the uncertainties of the laboratory measurements. • The need to extend the scope of such studies to other wavelength ranges (particularly to cover not only the Huggins band but also the comparison with the mid-infrared region). • The need for regular cooperation of experts in spectral laboratory measurements and specialists in atmospheric (ozone) measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - OZONE layer
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - VISIBLE spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - Absorption
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Cross sections
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Reference data
KW  - Remote sensing
N1  - Accession Number: 117753553; Orphal, Johannes 1; Email Address: orphal@kit.edu Staehelin, Johannes 2 Tamminen, Johanna 3 Braathen, Geir 4 De Backer, Marie-Renée 5 Bais, Alkiviadis 6 Balis, Dimitris 6 Barbe, Alain 5 Bhartia, Pawan K. 7 Birk, Manfred 8 Burkholder, James B. 9 Chance, Kelly 10 von Clarmann, Thomas 1 Cox, Anthony 11 Degenstein, Doug 12 Evans, Robert 13 Flaud, Jean-Marie 14 Flittner, David 15 Godin-Beekmann, Sophie 16 Gorshelev, Viktor 17; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany  2: Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland  3: Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsinki, Finland  4: World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva, Switzerland  5: GSMA, CNRS and University of Reims, Reims, France  6: Aristotele University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece  7: Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA, Greenbelt, MD, USA  8: German Aerospace Center (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  9: Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO, USA  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA  11: University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK  12: University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada  13: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA  14: LISA, CNRS and University of Paris-Est, Creteil, France  15: Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, VA, USA  16: LATMOS, CNRS and University of Versailles-St. Quentin (UVSQ), Paris, France  17: University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 327, p105; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: OZONE layer; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: VISIBLE spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Absorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cross sections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reference data; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2016.07.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xie, Yunsong
AU  - Fan, Xin
AU  - Chen, Yunpeng
AU  - Wilson, Jeffrey D.
AU  - Simons, Rainee N.
AU  - Xiao, John Q.
T1  - The in-phase reflection bandwidth theoretical limit of artificial magnetic conductors based on transmission line model.
JO  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
JF  - Microwave & Optical Technology Letters
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 58
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2257
EP  - 2261
SN  - 08952477
AB  - ABSTRACT Based on the transmission line model, the in-phase reflection (IPR) bandwidth theoretical limit using a function of permeability ( μ) and thickness ( h) of the substrate as well as center frequency of IPR (f) was expressed. An experimental design strategy was further derived from this function for creating novel artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs). To date, they have successfully designed, simulated, and experimentally verified this proposed strategy with various AMCs, where the bandwidth ratio to the theoretical limit can be achieved by as high as 98.5%. This newly proposed theoretical limit function was further evaluated in two-ways, (1) our theoretical limit was compared with previously reported literature values, and (2) literature values were recalculated using our function. Herein, it was concluded that their IPR bandwidth theoretical limit function provided most restrictive and accurate value, and their AMC design strategy has showed evident advantages over literature. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2257-2261, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Microwave & Optical Technology Letters is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BANDWIDTHS
KW  - ELECTRIC lines
KW  - PERMEABILITY
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs)
KW  - bandwidth limitation
KW  - transmission line model
N1  - Accession Number: 116397051; Xie, Yunsong 1 Fan, Xin 2 Chen, Yunpeng 1 Wilson, Jeffrey D. 3 Simons, Rainee N. 3 Xiao, John Q. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Denver  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 58 Issue 9, p2257; Subject Term: BANDWIDTHS; Subject Term: ELECTRIC lines; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: artificial magnetic conductors (AMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: bandwidth limitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: transmission line model; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/mop.30024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mendez-Villanueva, Alberto
AU  - Suarez-Arrones, Luis
AU  - Rodas, Gil
AU  - Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo
AU  - Tesch, Per
AU  - Linnehan, Richard
AU  - Kreider, Richard
AU  - Di Salvo, Valter
T1  - MRI-Based Regional Muscle Use during Hamstring Strengthening Exercises in Elite Soccer Players.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2016/09//9/1/2016
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 15
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - The present study examined site-specific hamstring muscles use with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in elite soccer players during strength training. Thirty-six players were randomized into four groups, each performing either Nordic hamstring, flywheel leg-curl, Russian belt or the hip-extension conic-pulley exercise. The transverse relaxation time (T2) shift from pre- to post-MRI were calculated for the biceps femoris long (BFl) and short (BFs) heads, semitendinosus (ST) and semimembranosus (SM) muscles at proximal, middle and distal areas of the muscle length. T2 values increased substantially after flywheel leg-curl in all regions of the BFl (from 9±8 to 16±8%), BFs (41±6–71±11%), and ST (60±1–69±7%). Nordic hamstring induced a substantial T2 increase in all regions of the BFs (13±8–16±5%) and ST (15±7–17±5%). T2 values after the Russian belt deadlift substantially increased in all regions of the BFl (6±4–7±5%), ST (8±3–11±2%), SM (6±4–10±4%), and proximal and distal regions of BFs (6±6–8±5%). T2 values substantially increased after hip-extension conic-pulley only in proximal and middle regions of BFl (11±5–7±5%) and ST (7±3–12±4%). The relevance of such MRI-based inter- and intra-muscle use in designing more effective resistance training for improving hamstring function and preventing hamstring injuries in elite soccer players should be explored with more mechanistic studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HAMSTRING muscle
KW  - MUSCLE strength
KW  - EXERCISE
KW  - MUSCLES
KW  - MAGNETIC resonance imaging
KW  - FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - SOCCER players -- Training of
KW  - Anatomy
KW  - Animal cells
KW  - Behavior
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Brain mapping
KW  - Cell biology
KW  - Cellular types
KW  - Diagnostic medicine
KW  - Diagnostic radiology
KW  - Exercise
KW  - Functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - Hip
KW  - Imaging techniques
KW  - Legs
KW  - Limbs (anatomy)
KW  - Magnetic resonance imaging
KW  - Medicine and health sciences
KW  - Muscle fibers
KW  - Muscle functions
KW  - Muscle physiology
KW  - Muscles
KW  - Musculoskeletal system
KW  - Neuroimaging
KW  - Neuroscience
KW  - Pelvis
KW  - Physical activity
KW  - Physical fitness
KW  - Physiology
KW  - Public and occupational health
KW  - Radiology and imaging
KW  - Recreation
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Skeletal muscle fibers
KW  - Slow-twitch muscle fibers
KW  - Sports
KW  - Sports and exercise medicine
KW  - Sports science
KW  - Strength training
N1  - Accession Number: 117801620; Mendez-Villanueva, Alberto 1; Email Address: jose.villanueva@aspire.qa Suarez-Arrones, Luis 1,2 Rodas, Gil 3 Fernandez-Gonzalo, Rodrigo 4 Tesch, Per 4 Linnehan, Richard 5 Kreider, Richard 6 Di Salvo, Valter 1,7; Affiliation:  1: Football Performance & Science Department, ASPIRE Academy, Doha, Qatar  2: Sports Department, Pablo de Olavide University, Sevilla, Spain  3: Medical Department, Futbol Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain  4: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden  5: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America  6: Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America  7: Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy; Source Info: 9/1/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: HAMSTRING muscle; Subject Term: MUSCLE strength; Subject Term: EXERCISE; Subject Term: MUSCLES; Subject Term: MAGNETIC resonance imaging; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL magnetic resonance imaging; Subject Term: SOCCER players -- Training of; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Brain mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellular types; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diagnostic radiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exercise; Author-Supplied Keyword: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hip; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Legs; Author-Supplied Keyword: Limbs (anatomy); Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic resonance imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muscle fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muscle functions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muscle physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Muscles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Musculoskeletal system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neuroimaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neuroscience; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pelvis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical activity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical fitness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Public and occupational health; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiology and imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Recreation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Skeletal muscle fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Slow-twitch muscle fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sports; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sports and exercise medicine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sports science; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strength training; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0161356
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hien T. Nguyen
AU  - Michael Zemcov
AU  - John Battle
AU  - James J. Bock
AU  - Viktor Hristov
AU  - Phillip Korngut
AU  - Andrew Meek
T1  - Spatial and Temporal Stability of Airglow Measured in the Meinel Band Window at 1191.3 nm.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 128
IS  - 967
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - We report on the temporal and spatial fluctuations in the atmospheric brightness in the narrow band between Meinel emission lines at 1191.3 nm using a λ/Δλ = 320 near-infrared instrument. We present the instrument design and implementation, followed by a detailed analysis of data taken over the course of a night from Table Mountain Observatory. At low airmasses, the absolute sky brightness at this wavelength is found to be 5330 ± 30 nW m−2 sr−1, consistent with previous measurements of the inter-band airglow at these wavelengths. This amplitude is larger than simple models of the continuum component of the airglow emission at these wavelengths, confirming that an extra emissive or scattering component is required to explain the observations. We perform a detailed investigation of the noise properties of the data and find no evidence for a noise component associated with temporal instability in the inter-line continuum. This result demonstrates that in several hours of ∼100 s integrations the noise performance of the instrument does not appear to significantly degrade from expectations, giving a proof of concept that near-infrared line intensity mapping may be feasible from ground-based sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRGLOW
KW  - NARROW gap semiconductors
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 120537882; Hien T. Nguyen 1,2; Email Address: htnguyen@jpl.nasa.gov Michael Zemcov 1,2 John Battle 2 James J. Bock 1,2 Viktor Hristov 2 Phillip Korngut 1,2 Andrew Meek 2; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: Department of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 128 Issue 967, p1; Subject Term: AIRGLOW; Subject Term: NARROW gap semiconductors; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/967/094504
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537882&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PARSANI, MATTEO
AU  - CARPENTER, MARK H.
AU  - FISHER, TRAVIS C.
AU  - NIELSEN, ERIC J.
T1  - ENTROPY STABLE STAGGERED GRID DISCONTINUOUS SPECTRAL COLLOCATION METHODS OF ANY ORDER FOR THE COMPRESSIBLE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
JF  - SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
Y1  - 2016/09//
VL  - 38
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - A3129
EP  - A3162
SN  - 10648275
AB  - Staggered grid, entropy stable discontinuous spectral collocation operators of any order are developed for the compressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured hexahedral elements. This generalization of previous entropy stable spectral collocation work [M. H. Carpenter, T. C. Fisher, E. J. Nielsen, and S. H. Frankel, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 36 (2014), pp. B835-B867, M. Parsani, M. H. Carpenter, and E. J. Nielsen, J. Comput. Phys., 292 (2015), pp. 88-113], extends the applicable set of points from tensor product, Legendre-Gauss-Lobatto (LGL), to a combination of tensor product Legendre-auss (LG) and LGL points. The new semidiscrete operators discretely conserve mass, momentum, energy, and satisfy a mathematical entropy inequality for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations in three spatial dimensions. They are valid for smooth as well as discontinuous ows. The staggered LG and conventional LGL point formulations are compared on several challenging test problems. The staggered LG operators are significantly more accurate, although more costly from a theoretical point of view. The LG and LGL operators exhibit similar robustness, as is demonstrated using test problems known to be problematic for operators that lack a nonlinear stability proof for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations (e.g., discontinuous Galerkin, spectral difference, or flux reconstruction operators). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COLLOCATION methods
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - EULER equations (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - TENSOR algebra
KW  - compressible Navier-Stokes
KW  - conservation
KW  - entropy stability
KW  - high-order accurate discontinuous methods
KW  - SBP-SAT
KW  - staggered grid
N1  - Accession Number: 119256345; PARSANI, MATTEO 1; Email Address: matteo.parsani@kaust.edu.sa CARPENTER, MARK H. 2; Email Address: mark.h.carpenter@nasa.gov FISHER, TRAVIS C. 3; Email Address: tcfishe@sandia.gov NIELSEN, ERIC J. 4; Email Address: eric.j.nielsen@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Extreme Computing Research Center (ECRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE), Applied Mathematics and Computational Science (AMCS), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia  2: Computational AeroSciences Branch (CASB), NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC), Hampton, VA 23681  3: Computational Thermal and Fluid Mechanics, Sandia National Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185  4: CASB, NASA LaRC, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 38 Issue 5, pA3129; Subject Term: COLLOCATION methods; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: EULER equations (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: TENSOR algebra; Author-Supplied Keyword: compressible Navier-Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: conservation; Author-Supplied Keyword: entropy stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: high-order accurate discontinuous methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: SBP-SAT; Author-Supplied Keyword: staggered grid; Number of Pages: 34p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1137/15M1043510
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119256345&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McGraw, M.
AU  - Kolla, P.
AU  - Yao, B.
AU  - Cook, R.
AU  - Quiao, Q.
AU  - Wu, J.
AU  - Smirnova, A.
T1  - One-step solid-state in-situ thermal polymerization of silicon-PEDOT nanocomposites for the application in lithium-ion battery anodes.
JO  - Polymer
JF  - Polymer
Y1  - 2016/09/02/
VL  - 99
M3  - Article
SP  - 488
EP  - 495
SN  - 00323861
AB  - The current study presents a one-step solid-state in-situ thermal polymerization approach to prepare silicon nanoparticles-polyethylenedioxythiophene (SiNPs-PEDOT) nanocomposites. The structure-related electrochemical performance of the in-situ polymerized 2,5-dibromo-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (DBEDOT) with SiNPs has been studied for the first time in application to silicon-based lithium-ion battery anodes. Thermal polymerization applied to a solution containing DBEDOT in acetonitrile with suspended silicon nanoparticles resulted in an in-situ formed SiNPs-PEDOT nanocomposite. The structure, morphology, and the corresponding electrochemical performance of the in-situ SiNPs-PEDOT nanocomposites was studied in comparison to a pure PEDOT as well as to the ex-situ polymerized SiNPs-PEDOT nanocomposites using XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM, TEM, cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and constant current charge-discharge cycles. The XRD, FTIR, and TGA analysis reveal that the in-situ polymerization of monomer is not impeded by the presence of the silicon nanoparticles. The SEMand TEM studies reveal a uniform dispersion of SiNPs within in-situ polymerized PEDOT matrix compared to ex-situ formed SiNPs-PEDOT nanocomposite. In the lithium-ion battery anode, the in-situ polymerized SiNPs-PEDOT nanocomposite demonstrates the enhanced lithiation-delithiation kinetics, conductivity, and rate capability in comparison to the ex-situ SiNPs-PEDOT nanocomposite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Polymer is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NANOCOMPOSITE materials
KW  - POLYMERIZATION
KW  - SOLID state batteries
KW  - LITHIUM-ion batteries
KW  - SILICON
KW  - ANODES
KW  - In-situ thermal polymerization
KW  - Lithium-ion battery anode
KW  - One-step Synthesis
KW  - PEDOT polymer
KW  - Silicon Particles
N1  - Accession Number: 117518805; McGraw, M. 1 Kolla, P. 1 Yao, B. 2 Cook, R. 3 Quiao, Q. 4 Wu, J. 5 Smirnova, A. 1; Email Address: Alevtina.Smirnova@sdsmt.edu; Affiliation:  1: Chemistry and Applied Biological Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA  2: Materials Engineering and Science, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD, USA  3: Zyvex Technologies, Rapid City, SD, USA  4: Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA  5: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 99, p488; Subject Term: NANOCOMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: POLYMERIZATION; Subject Term: SOLID state batteries; Subject Term: LITHIUM-ion batteries; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: ANODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: In-situ thermal polymerization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lithium-ion battery anode; Author-Supplied Keyword: One-step Synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: PEDOT polymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon Particles; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.05.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jessie L. Christiansen
AU  - Bruce D. Clarke
AU  - Christopher J. Burke
AU  - Jon M. Jenkins
AU  - Stephen T. Bryson
AU  - Jeffrey L. Coughlin
AU  - Fergal Mullally
AU  - Susan E. Thompson
AU  - Joseph D. Twicken
AU  - Natalie M. Batalha
AU  - Michael R. Haas
AU  - Joseph Catanzarite
AU  - Jennifer R. Campbell
AU  - AKM Kamal Uddin
AU  - Khadeejah Zamudio
AU  - Jeffrey C. Smith
AU  - Christopher E. Henze
T1  - MEASURING TRANSIT SIGNAL RECOVERY IN THE KEPLER PIPELINE. III. COMPLETENESS OF THE Q1–Q17 DR24 PLANET CANDIDATE CATALOG WITH IMPORTANT CAVEATS FOR OCCURRENCE RATE CALCULATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09/10/
VL  - 828
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - With each new version of the Kepler pipeline and resulting planet candidate catalog, an updated measurement of the underlying planet population can only be recovered with a corresponding measurement of the Kepler pipeline detection efficiency. Here we present measurements of the sensitivity of the pipeline (version 9.2) used to generate the Q1–Q17 DR24 planet candidate catalog. We measure this by injecting simulated transiting planets into the pixel-level data of 159,013 targets across the entire Kepler focal plane, and examining the recovery rate. Unlike previous versions of the Kepler pipeline, we find a strong period dependence in the measured detection efficiency, with longer (>40 day) periods having a significantly lower detectability than shorter periods, introduced in part by an incorrectly implemented veto. Consequently, the sensitivity of the 9.2 pipeline cannot be cast as a simple one-dimensional function of the signal strength of the candidate planet signal, as was possible for previous versions of the pipeline. We report on the implications for occurrence rate calculations based on the Q1–Q17 DR24 planet candidate catalog, and offer important caveats and recommendations for performing such calculations. As before, we make available the entire table of injected planet parameters and whether they were recovered by the pipeline, enabling readers to derive the pipeline detection sensitivity in the planet and/or stellar parameter space of their choice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - KEPLER problem
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - PIPELINES
KW  - STELLAR activity
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
N1  - Accession Number: 118050862; Jessie L. Christiansen 1; Email Address: jessie.christiansen@caltech.edu Bruce D. Clarke 2 Christopher J. Burke 2 Jon M. Jenkins 3 Stephen T. Bryson 3 Jeffrey L. Coughlin 2 Fergal Mullally 2 Susan E. Thompson 2 Joseph D. Twicken 2 Natalie M. Batalha 3 Michael R. Haas 3 Joseph Catanzarite 2 Jennifer R. Campbell 4 AKM Kamal Uddin 4 Khadeejah Zamudio 4 Jeffrey C. Smith 2 Christopher E. Henze 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, M/S 100-22, 770 S. Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91106, USA  2: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Wyle Laboratories/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 9/10/2016, Vol. 828 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: KEPLER problem; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: PIPELINES; Subject Term: STELLAR activity; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237990 Other Heavy and Civil Engineering Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238910 Site Preparation Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 486990 All Other Pipeline Transportation; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/828/2/99
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118050862&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pineda, Evan J.
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Validated progressive damage analysis of simple polymer matrix composite laminates exhibiting matrix microdamage: Comparing macromechanics and micromechanics.
JO  - Composites Science & Technology
JF  - Composites Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/09/14/
VL  - 133
M3  - Article
SP  - 184
EP  - 191
SN  - 02663538
AB  - The generalized method of cells micromechanics theory, employing the multi-axial mixed-mode continuum damage mechanics model for the matrix of the composite, is used to predict the evolution of matrix microdamage in un-notched (simple), unidirectional and laminated polymer matrix composites. Matrix microdamage is considered to be the evolution of subscale phenomena (including micro-crack, micro-fissure, micro-void, and shear band growth) that are responsible for all non-linearity in the composite up to the onset of more severe damage mechanisms, such transverse cracking, fiber breakage or delamination. Micromechanics is used to explicitly resolve the constituents of the composite at the microscale (fiber-matrix scale). The micromechanics model is validated against experimental data for numerous different laminate stacking sequences and a previously validated macroscale (e.g, lamina-scale), thermodynamically-based, work potential theory (Schapery theory). The inputs used in the continuum damage model, which was incorporated in the micromechanics theory, were calibrated against the same three experimental stress-strain curves utilized to calculate the inputs for the macroscale model. The agreeable predictions, obtained with the micromechanics model, establishes that both the macro- and micro-models are suitable for progressive damage analysis of laminated composites, considering only matrix microdamage. Moreover, the validated micromechanics theory is utilized to study the effect of fiber volume fraction on the matrix microdamage evolution in the various lay-ups. This demonstrates a key capability of the micromechanics approach that is lacking in the macromechanics method due to the macroscale assumption that the laminae are monolithic, anisotropic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composites Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - CDM Continuum damage mechanics
KW  - CLT Classical lamination theory
KW  - Damage mechanics
KW  - GMC Generalized method of cells
KW  - ISV Internal state variable
KW  - MAC/GMC Micromechanics Analysis Code with Generalized Method of Cells
KW  - Matrix cracking
KW  - MMCDM Multi-axial mixed-mode continuum damage model
KW  - Multiscale modeling
KW  - Non-linear behavior
KW  - PDA Progressive damage analysis
KW  - PMC Polymer matrix composite
KW  - Polymer matrix composites (PMCs)
KW  - RUC Repeating unit cell
KW  - RVE Representative volume element
KW  - ST Schapery theory
N1  - Accession Number: 117587368; Pineda, Evan J. 1; Email Address: evan.j.pineda@nasa.gov Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1 Arnold, Steven M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, MS 49/7, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 133, p184; Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: CDM Continuum damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: CLT Classical lamination theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: GMC Generalized method of cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISV Internal state variable; Author-Supplied Keyword: MAC/GMC Micromechanics Analysis Code with Generalized Method of Cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Matrix cracking; Author-Supplied Keyword: MMCDM Multi-axial mixed-mode continuum damage model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-linear behavior; Author-Supplied Keyword: PDA Progressive damage analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: PMC Polymer matrix composite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymer matrix composites (PMCs); Author-Supplied Keyword: RUC Repeating unit cell; Author-Supplied Keyword: RVE Representative volume element; Author-Supplied Keyword: ST Schapery theory; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compscitech.2016.07.018
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Phipps, M. Lisa
AU  - Lillo, Antoinetta M.
AU  - Shou, Yulin
AU  - Schmidt, Emily N.
AU  - Paavola, Chad D.
AU  - Naranjo, Leslie
AU  - Bemdich, Sara
AU  - Swanson, Basil I.
AU  - Bradbury, Andrew R. M.
AU  - Martinez, Jennifer S.
T1  - Beyond Helper Phage: Using "Helper Cells" to Select Peptide Affinity Ligands.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2016/09/14/
VL  - 11
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Peptides are important affinity ligands for microscopy, biosensing, and targeted delivery. However, because they can have low affinity for their targets, their selection from large naïve libraries can be challenging. When selecting peptidic ligands from display libraries, it is important to: 1) ensure efficient display; 2) maximize the ability to select high affinity ligands; and 3) minimize the effect of the display context on binding. The “helper cell” packaging system has been described as a tool to produce filamentous phage particles based on phagemid constructs with varying display levels, while remaining free of helper phage contamination. Here we report on the first use of this system for peptide display, including the systematic characterization and optimization of helper cells, their inefficient use in antibody display and their use in creating and selecting from a set of phage display peptide libraries. Our libraries were analyzed with unprecedented precision by standard or deep sequencing, and shown to be superior in quality than commercial gold standards. Using our helper cell libraries, we have obtained ligands recognizing Yersinia pestis surface antigen F1V and L-glutamine-binding periplasmic protein QBP. In the latter case, unlike any of the peptide library selections described so far, we used a combination of phage and yeast display to select intriguing peptide ligands. Based on the success of our selections we believe that peptide libraries obtained with helper cells are not only suitable, but preferable to traditional phage display libraries for selection of peptidic ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - T helper cells
KW  - PEPTIDES
KW  - LIGANDS
KW  - BIOSENSORS
KW  - BACTERIOPHAGES
KW  - Artificial gene amplification and extension
KW  - Bacterial diseases
KW  - Bacteriophages
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Cloning
KW  - DNA construction
KW  - Escherichia coli infections
KW  - Fungi
KW  - Infectious diseases
KW  - Medicine and health sciences
KW  - Molecular biology
KW  - Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques
KW  - Molecular biology display techniques
KW  - Molecular biology techniques
KW  - Organisms
KW  - Peptide libraries
KW  - Phage display
KW  - Plasmid construction
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - Proteomics
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Viruses
KW  - Yeast
N1  - Accession Number: 118087158; Phipps, M. Lisa 1 Lillo, Antoinetta M. 2 Shou, Yulin 2 Schmidt, Emily N. 2 Paavola, Chad D. 3 Naranjo, Leslie 2 Bemdich, Sara 2 Swanson, Basil I. 2 Bradbury, Andrew R. M. 2 Martinez, Jennifer S. 1,4; Email Address: jenm@lanl.gov; Affiliation:  1: Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America  2: Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America  3: Space Biosciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States of America  4: Institute for Materials Science, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, United States of America; Source Info: 9/14/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: T helper cells; Subject Term: PEPTIDES; Subject Term: LIGANDS; Subject Term: BIOSENSORS; Subject Term: BACTERIOPHAGES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial gene amplification and extension; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacterial diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacteriophages; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloning; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Escherichia coli infections; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fungi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infectious diseases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology assays and analysis techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology display techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Organisms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peptide libraries; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phage display; Author-Supplied Keyword: Plasmid construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymerase chain reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proteomics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viruses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Yeast; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0160940
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moores, John E.
AU  - Schieber, Juergen
AU  - Kling, Alexandre M.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Moore, Casey A.
AU  - Anderson, Mark S.
AU  - Katz, Ira
AU  - Yavrouian, Andre
AU  - Malin, Michael C.
AU  - Olson, Timothy
AU  - Rafkin, Scot C.R.
AU  - Lemmon, Mark T.
AU  - Sullivan, Robert J.
AU  - Comeaux, Keith
AU  - Vasavada, Ashwin R.
T1  - Transient atmospheric effects of the landing of the Mars Science Laboratory rover: The emission and dissipation of dust and carbazic acid.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2016/09/15/
VL  - 58
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1066
EP  - 1092
SN  - 02731177
AB  - Imaging during and after the landing of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover in 2012 provides a means to examine two transitory phenomena for the first time: the settling of the plume of material raised by the powered terminal descent, and the possible dispersal of 140 kg of hydrazine into the atmosphere as fine-grained solid carbazic acid. The peri-landing images, acquired by the Mars Descent Imager (MARDI) and the rover hazard cameras (Hazcams), allow the first comparison of post-landing geological assessment of surface deflation with the plume itself. Examination of the Hazcam images acquired over a period of 4011 s shows that only a small fraction (350–1000 kg) of the total mass of fine-grained surface material displaced by the landing (4000 kg) remained in the atmosphere for this duration. Furthermore, a large component of this dust occurs as particles for which the characteristic optical radius is 20–60 μm, preventing them from being substantially mixed with the atmospheric column by eddy diffusion. Examination of the MARDI record over 225 s post-landing reveals a rapidly settling component that comprised approximately 1800–2400 kg and had a larger particle size with an optical radius of 360–470 μm. The possible release of hydrazine by the sky crane stage also may have created particles of carbazic acid that would, analogous to the dust, spread through eddy diffusivity and settle to the ground. Peri-landing Hazcam images of the plume created during sky crane destruction constrains the particle radius to be either less than 23 μm or greater than 400 μm. When combined with a Lagrangian model of the atmosphere, such particle sizes suggest that the carbazic acid was either deposited very near the sky crane crash site, or was widely dispersed as small particles which would have been quickly photodissociated to volatile ammonia and carbon dioxide. Surfaces visited by the MSL rover, Curiosity, would have received at most <0.2 ppb of carbazic acid and levels of sky crane related organics would have fallen well below the detection threshold of the Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) instruments within 4–6 sols, well before the rover acquired its first samples over 60 sols into the mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERICS
KW  - LANDING (Aeronautics)
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - HYDRAZINES
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - Dust settling
KW  - Mars
KW  - Surface–atmosphere interactions
KW  - UV photolysis
N1  - Accession Number: 117160279; Moores, John E. 1; Email Address: jmoores@yorku.ca Schieber, Juergen 2; Email Address: jschiebe@indiana.edu Kling, Alexandre M. 3; Email Address: alexandre.m.kling@nasa.gov Haberle, Robert M. 4; Email Address: robert.m.haberle@nasa.gov Moore, Casey A. 1; Email Address: camoore@yorku.ca Anderson, Mark S. 5; Email Address: Mark.S.Anderson@jpl.nasa.gov Katz, Ira 5; Email Address: Ira.Katz@jpl.nasa.gov Yavrouian, Andre 5; Email Address: andre.h.yavrouian@gmail.com Malin, Michael C. 6; Email Address: malin@msss.com Olson, Timothy 7; Email Address: tim_olson@skc.edu Rafkin, Scot C.R. 8; Email Address: rafkin.swri@gmail.com Lemmon, Mark T. 9; Email Address: lemmon@tamu.edu Sullivan, Robert J. 10; Email Address: rjs33@cornell.edu Comeaux, Keith 11; Email Address: Keith.A.Comeaux@jpl.nasa.gov Vasavada, Ashwin R. 11; Email Address: ashwin.r.vasavada@jpl.nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science (CRESS), York University, Canada  2: Dept. of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, United States  3: USRA/Ames Research Center, United States  4: Ames Research Center, United States  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, United States  6: Malin Space Science Systems, United States  7: Salish Kootenai College, United States  8: Southwest Research Institute, United States  9: Texas A&M University, United States  10: Cornell University, United States  11: Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, United States; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 58 Issue 6, p1066; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERICS; Subject Term: LANDING (Aeronautics); Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: HYDRAZINES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust settling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface–atmosphere interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: UV photolysis; Number of Pages: 27p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2016.05.051
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117160279&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scheeres, D.J.
AU  - Hesar, S.G.
AU  - Tardivel, S.
AU  - Hirabayashi, M.
AU  - Farnocchia, D.
AU  - McMahon, J.W.
AU  - Chesley, S.R.
AU  - Barnouin, O.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Bottke, W.F.
AU  - Daly, M.G.
AU  - Emery, J.P.
AU  - Hergenrother, C.W.
AU  - Lauretta, D.S.
AU  - Marshall, J.R.
AU  - Michel, P.
AU  - Nolan, M.C.
AU  - Walsh, K.J.
T1  - The geophysical environment of Bennu.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/09/15/
VL  - 276
M3  - Article
SP  - 116
EP  - 140
SN  - 00191035
AB  - An analysis of the surface and interior state of Asteroid (101955) Bennu, the target asteroid of the OSIRIS-REx sample return mission, is given using models based on Earth-based observations of this body. These observations have enabled models of its shape, spin state, mass and surface properties to be developed. Based on these data the range of surface and interior states possible for this body are evaluated, assuming a uniform mass distribution. These products include the geopotential, surface slopes, near-surface dynamical environment, interior stress states and other quantities of interest. In addition, competing theories for its current shape are reviewed along with the relevant planned OSIRIS-REx measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics)
KW  - ELECTRON spin states
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Asteroid Bennu
KW  - Geophysics
N1  - Accession Number: 115824483; Scheeres, D.J. 1; Email Address: scheeres@colorado.edu Hesar, S.G. 1 Tardivel, S. 2 Hirabayashi, M. 3 Farnocchia, D. 2 McMahon, J.W. 1 Chesley, S.R. 2 Barnouin, O. 4 Binzel, R.P. 5 Bottke, W.F. 6 Daly, M.G. 7 Emery, J.P. 8 Hergenrother, C.W. 9 Lauretta, D.S. 9 Marshall, J.R. 10 Michel, P. 11 Nolan, M.C. 9 Walsh, K.J. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Applied Physics Lab/Johns Hopkins University, 11100 Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  5: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  7: York University, 4700 Keele St, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada  8: Univ. Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA  9: Univ. Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, 06300 Nice, France; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 276, p116; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics); Subject Term: ELECTRON spin states; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid Bennu; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geophysics; Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.04.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115824483&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Ricchiuto, Mario
AU  - Nishikawa, Hiroaki
T1  - A first-order hyperbolic system approach for dispersion.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2016/09/15/
VL  - 321
M3  - Article
SP  - 593
EP  - 605
SN  - 00219991
KW  - HYPERBOLIC differential equations
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - MATHEMATICAL analysis
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - MATHEMATICAL physics
KW  - Dispersive shocks
KW  - High order
KW  - Hyperbolic
KW  - Korteweg–de Vries (KdV)
KW  - Solitary waves
N1  - Accession Number: 116962875; Mazaheri, Alireza 1; Email Address: alireza.mazaheri@nasa.gov Ricchiuto, Mario 2 Nishikawa, Hiroaki 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: INRIA Bordeaux Sud-Ouest and Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, 33405 Talence Cedex, France  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 321, p593; Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC differential equations; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL analysis; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dispersive shocks; Author-Supplied Keyword: High order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperbolic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Korteweg–de Vries (KdV); Author-Supplied Keyword: Solitary waves; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.06.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116962875&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mazaheri, Alireza
AU  - Nishikawa, Hiroaki
T1  - Efficient high-order discontinuous Galerkin schemes with first-order hyperbolic advection–diffusion system approach.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2016/09/15/
VL  - 321
M3  - Article
SP  - 729
EP  - 754
SN  - 00219991
AB  - We propose arbitrary high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes that are designed based on a first-order hyperbolic advection–diffusion formulation of the target governing equations. We present, in details, the efficient construction of the proposed high-order schemes (called DG-H), and show that these schemes have the same number of global degrees-of-freedom as comparable conventional high-order DG schemes, produce the same or higher order of accuracy solutions and solution gradients, are exact for exact polynomial functions, and do not need a second-derivative diffusion operator. We demonstrate that the constructed high-order schemes give excellent quality solution and solution gradients on irregular triangular elements. We also construct a Weighted Essentially Non-Oscillatory (WENO) limiter for the proposed DG-H schemes and apply it to discontinuous problems. We also make some accuracy comparisons with conventional DG and interior penalty schemes. A relative qualitative cost analysis is also reported, which indicates that the high-order schemes produce orders of magnitude more accurate results than the low-order schemes for a given CPU time. Furthermore, we show that the proposed DG-H schemes are nearly as efficient as the DG and Interior-Penalty (IP) schemes as these schemes produce results that are relatively at the same error level for approximately a similar CPU time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISCONTINUOUS functions
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - ADVECTION-diffusion equations
KW  - DEGREES of freedom
KW  - HYPERBOLIC differential equations
KW  - POLYNOMIALS
KW  - OPERATOR theory
KW  - Advection–diffusion
KW  - DG with hyperbolic first-order system (DG-H)
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin (DG)
KW  - High-order
KW  - Interior Penalty (IP)
KW  - WENO
KW  - WO
N1  - Accession Number: 116962906; Mazaheri, Alireza 1; Email Address: alireza.mazaheri@nasa.gov Nishikawa, Hiroaki 2; Email Address: hiro@nianet.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 321, p729; Subject Term: DISCONTINUOUS functions; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: ADVECTION-diffusion equations; Subject Term: DEGREES of freedom; Subject Term: HYPERBOLIC differential equations; Subject Term: POLYNOMIALS; Subject Term: OPERATOR theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Advection–diffusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: DG with hyperbolic first-order system (DG-H); Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin (DG); Author-Supplied Keyword: High-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interior Penalty (IP); Author-Supplied Keyword: WENO; Author-Supplied Keyword: WO; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.06.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116962906&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Checlair, Jade
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Imanaka, Hiroshi
T1  - Titan-like exoplanets: Variations in geometric albedo and effective transit height with haze production rate.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2016/09/15/
VL  - 129
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 00320633
AB  - Extensive studies characterizing Titan present an opportunity to study the atmospheric properties of Titan-like exoplanets. Using an existing model of Titan's atmospheric haze, we computed geometric albedo spectra and effective transit height spectra for six values of the haze production rate (zero haze to twice present) over a wide range of wavelengths (0.2–2 µm). In the geometric albedo spectra, the slope in the UV–visible changes from blue to red when varying the haze production rate values from zero to twice the current Titan value. This spectral feature is the most effective way to characterize the haze production rates. Methane absorption bands in the visible-NIR compete with the absorbing haze, being more prominent for smaller haze production rates. The effective transit heights probe a region of the atmosphere where the haze and gas are optically thin and that is thus not effectively probed by the geometric albedo. The effective transit height decreases smoothly with increasing wavelength, from 376 km to 123 km at 0.2 and 2 µm, respectively. When decreasing the haze production rate, the methane absorption bands become more prominent, and the effective transit height decreases with a steeper slope with increasing wavelength. The slope of the geometric albedo in the UV–visible increases smoothly with increasing haze production rate, while the slope of the effective transit height spectra is not sensitive to the haze production rate other than showing a sharp rise when the haze production rate increases from zero. We conclude that geometric albedo spectra provide the most sensitive indicator of the haze production rate and the background Rayleigh gas. Our results suggest that important and complementary information can be obtained from the geometric albedo and motivates improvements in the technology for direct imaging of nearby exoplanets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITAN (Satellite)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - Atmosphere limb
KW  - Exoplanet transit
KW  - Geometric albedo
KW  - Haze
KW  - Titan
KW  - Transit height
N1  - Accession Number: 116963362; Checlair, Jade 1,2; Email Address: jade.checlair@gmail.com McKay, Christopher P. 1; Email Address: chris.mckay@nasa.gov Imanaka, Hiroshi 1,3; Email Address: himanaka@seti.org; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, United States  2: Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Canada  3: SETI Institute, United States; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 129, p1; Subject Term: TITAN (Satellite); Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere limb; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exoplanet transit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geometric albedo; Author-Supplied Keyword: Haze; Author-Supplied Keyword: Titan; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transit height; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2016.03.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116963362&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Avi Shporer
AU  - Jim Fuller
AU  - Howard Isaacson
AU  - Kelly Hambleton
AU  - Susan E. Thompson
AU  - Andrej Prša
AU  - Donald W. Kurtz
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Ryan M. O’Leary
T1  - RADIAL VELOCITY MONITORING OF KEPLER HEARTBEAT STARS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09/20/
VL  - 829
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Heartbeat stars (HB stars) are a class of eccentric binary stars with close periastron passages. The characteristic photometric HB signal evident in their light curves is produced by a combination of tidal distortion, heating, and Doppler boosting near orbital periastron. Many HB stars continue to oscillate after periastron and along the entire orbit, indicative of the tidal excitation of oscillation modes within one or both stars. These systems are among the most eccentric binaries known, and they constitute astrophysical laboratories for the study of tidal effects. We have undertaken a radial velocity (RV) monitoring campaign of Kepler HB stars in order to measure their orbits. We present our first results here, including a sample of 22 Kepler HB systems, where for 19 of them we obtained the Keplerian orbit and for 3 other systems we did not detect a statistically significant RV variability. Results presented here are based on 218 spectra obtained with the Keck/HIRES spectrograph during the 2015 Kepler observing season, and they have allowed us to obtain the largest sample of HB stars with orbits measured using a single instrument, which roughly doubles the number of HB stars with an RV measured orbit. The 19 systems measured here have orbital periods from 7 to 90 days and eccentricities from 0.2 to 0.9. We show that HB stars draw the upper envelope of the eccentricity–period distribution. Therefore, HB stars likely represent a population of stars currently undergoing high eccentricity migration via tidal orbital circularization, and they will allow for new tests of high eccentricity migration theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - STELLAR photometry
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 118426080; Avi Shporer 1,2 Jim Fuller 3,4 Howard Isaacson 5 Kelly Hambleton 6,7 Susan E. Thompson 8,9 Andrej Prša 6 Donald W. Kurtz 7 Andrew W. Howard 10 Ryan M. O’Leary 11; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: NASA Sagan Fellow.  3: TAPIR, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Mailcode 350-17, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  4: Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kohn Hall, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720, USA  6: Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA  7: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  10: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  11: JILA, University of Colorado and NIST, 440 UCB, Boulder, 80309-0440, USA; Source Info: 9/20/2016, Vol. 829 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: STELLAR photometry; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/829/1/34
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118426080&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karen M. Leighly
AU  - Donald M. Terndrup
AU  - Sarah C. Gallagher
AU  - Adrian B. Lucy
T1  - THE BINARY BLACK HOLE MODEL FOR MRK 231 BITES THE DUST.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09/20/
VL  - 829
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Mrk 231 is a nearby quasar with an unusually red near-UV-to-optical continuum, generally explained as heavy reddening by dust. Yan et al. proposed that Mrk 231 is a milliparsec black hole binary with little intrinsic reddening. We show that if the observed FUV continuum is intrinsic, as assumed by Yan et al., it fails by a factor of about 100 in powering the observed strength of the near-infrared emission lines and the thermal near and mid-infrared continuum. In contrast, the line and continuum strengths are typical for a reddened AGN spectral energy distribution (SED). We find that the He i*/Pβ ratio is sensitive to the SED for a one-zone model. If this sensitivity is maintained in general broadline region models, then this ratio may prove a useful diagnostic for heavily reddened quasars. Analysis of archival Hubble Space Telescope STIS and Faint Object Camera data revealed evidence that the far-UV continuum emission is resolved on size scales of ∼40 pc. The lack of broad absorption lines in the far-UV continuum might be explained if it were not coincident with the central engine. One possibility is that it is the central engine continuum reflected from the receding wind on the far side of the quasar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY black holes
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - QUASARS
KW  - SUPERMASSIVE black holes
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
N1  - Accession Number: 118426090; Karen M. Leighly 1,2 Donald M. Terndrup 3 Sarah C. Gallagher 4 Adrian B. Lucy 5; Affiliation:  1: Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks Street, Norman, OK 73019, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement No. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  4: Department of Physics & Astronomy and Centre for Planetary and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  5: Department of Astronomy, Columbia University, 550 W. 120th Street, New York, NY 10027, USA; Source Info: 9/20/2016, Vol. 829 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BINARY black holes; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: QUASARS; Subject Term: SUPERMASSIVE black holes; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/829/1/4
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118426090&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Y. Katherina Feng
AU  - Michael R. Line
AU  - Jonathan J. Fortney
AU  - Kevin B. Stevenson
AU  - Jacob Bean
AU  - Laura Kreidberg
AU  - Vivien Parmentier
T1  - THE IMPACT OF NON-UNIFORM THERMAL STRUCTURE ON THE INTERPRETATION OF EXOPLANET EMISSION SPECTRA.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/09/20/
VL  - 829
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The determination of atmospheric structure and molecular abundances of planetary atmospheres via spectroscopy involves direct comparisons between models and data. While varying in sophistication, most model spectra comparisons fundamentally assume one-dimensional (1D) model physics. However, knowledge from general circulation models and of solar system planets suggests that planetary atmospheres are inherently three-dimensional in their structure and composition. We explore the potential biases resulting from standard “1D” assumptions within a Bayesian atmospheric retrieval framework. Specifically, we show how the assumption of a single 1D thermal profile can bias our interpretation of the thermal emission spectrum of a hot Jupiter atmosphere that is composed of two thermal profiles. We retrieve spectra of unresolved model planets as observed with a combination of the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)+Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) as well as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) under varying differences in the two thermal profiles. For WFC3+IRAC, there is a significantly biased estimate of CH4 abundance using a 1D model when the contrast is 80%. For JWST, two thermal profiles are required to adequately interpret the data and estimate the abundances when contrast is greater than 40%. We also apply this preliminary concept to the recent WFC3+IRAC phase curve data of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b. We see similar behavior as present in our simulated data: while the abundance determination is robust, CH4 is artificially well-constrained to incorrect values under the 1D assumption. Our work demonstrates the need to evaluate model assumptions in order to extract meaningful constraints from atmospheric spectra and motivates exploration of optimal observational setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC spectra
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 118426055; Y. Katherina Feng 1,2 Michael R. Line 3,4,5,6 Jonathan J. Fortney 1 Kevin B. Stevenson 7,8 Jacob Bean 7 Laura Kreidberg 7 Vivien Parmentier 8,9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 1156 High Street, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  2: NSF Graduate Research Fellow.  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  5: School of Earth & Space Exploration, Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85297, USA  6: Hubble Postdoctoral Fellow.  7: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA  8: Sagan Postdoctoral Fellow.  9: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Source Info: 9/20/2016, Vol. 829 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC spectra; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/829/1/52
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118426055&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Vaughan, S.
AU  - Uttley, P.
AU  - Markowitz, A. G.
AU  - Huppenkothen, D.
AU  - Middleton, M. J.
AU  - Alston, W. N.
AU  - Scargle, J. D.
AU  - Farr, W. M.
T1  - False periodicities in quasar time-domain surveys.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/09/21/
VL  - 461
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 3145
EP  - 3152
SN  - 00358711
AB  - There have recently been several reports of apparently periodic variations in the light curves of quasars, e.g. PG 1302-102 by Graham et al. Any quasar showing periodic oscillations in brightnesswould be a strong candidate to be a close binary supermassive black hole and, in turn, a candidate for gravitational wave studies. However, normal quasars - powered by accretion on to a single, supermassive black hole - usually show stochastic variability over a wide range of time-scales. It is therefore important to carefully assess the methods for identifying periodic candidates from among a population dominated by stochastic variability. Using a Bayesian analysis of the light curve of PG 1302-102, we find that a simple stochastic process is preferred over a sinusoidal variation.We then discuss some of the problems one encounters when searching for rare, strictly periodic signals among a large number of irregularly sampled, stochastic time series, and use simulations of quasar light curves to illustrate these points. From a few thousand simulations of steep spectrum ('red noise') stochastic processes, we find many simulations that display few-cycle periodicity like that seen in PG 1302-102. We emphasize the importance of calibrating the false positive rate when the number of targets in a search is very large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERIODICITY in meteorology
KW  - BAYESIAN analysis
KW  - STOCHASTIC processes
KW  - PROBABILITY theory
KW  - CALIBRATION
KW  - methods: data analysis
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - quasars: general
N1  - Accession Number: 117749065; Vaughan, S. 1; Email Address: sav2@le.ac.uk Uttley, P. 2 Markowitz, A. G. 3 Huppenkothen, D. 4 Middleton, M. J. 5 Alston, W. N. 5 Scargle, J. D. 6 Farr, W. M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, UK  2: Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands  3: University of California, San Diego, Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, USA  4: Center for Data Science, New York University, USA  5: Institute of Astronomy, UK  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Astrobiology and Space Science Division, USA  7: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, UK; Source Info: 9/21/2016, Vol. 461 Issue 3, p3145; Subject Term: PERIODICITY in meteorology; Subject Term: BAYESIAN analysis; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC processes; Subject Term: PROBABILITY theory; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: data analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: quasars: general; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw1412
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117749065&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Moore, Megan M.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Excited State Trends in Bidirectionally Expanded Closed-Shell PAH and PANH Anions.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2016/09/22/
VL  - 120
IS  - 37
M3  - Article
SP  - 7327
EP  - 7334
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Some anions are known to exhibit excited states independent of external forces such as dipole moments and induced polarizabilities. Such states exist simply as a result of the stabilization of valence accepting orbitals whereby the binding energy of the extra electron is greater than the valence excitation energy. Closed-shell anions are interesting candidates for such transitions since their ground-state, spin-paired nature makes the anions more stable from the beginning. Consequently, this work shows the point beyond which deprotonated, closed-shell polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and those PAHs containing nitrogen heteroatoms (PANHs) will exhibit valence excited states. This behavior has already been demonstrated in some PANHs and for anistropically extended PAHs. This work establishes a general trend for PAHs/PANHs of arbitrary size and directional extension, whether in one dimension or two. Once seven six-membered rings make up a PAH/PANH, valence excited states are present. For most classes of PAHs/PANHs, this number is closer to four. Even though most of these excited states are weak absorbers, the sheer number of PAHs present in various astronomical environments should make them significant contributors to astronomical spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - NITROGEN -- Spectra
KW  - EXCITATION energy (In situ microanalysis)
KW  - CLOSED shell molecular systems
KW  - ANIONS
KW  - BINDING energy
N1  - Accession Number: 118321960; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1; Email Address: rfortenberry@georgiasouthern.edu Moore, Megan M. 1 Lee, Timothy J. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Sep2016, Vol. 120 Issue 37, p7327; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: NITROGEN -- Spectra; Subject Term: EXCITATION energy (In situ microanalysis); Subject Term: CLOSED shell molecular systems; Subject Term: ANIONS; Subject Term: BINDING energy; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b06654
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118321960&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Timothy F.
AU  - Paul, Michael V.
AU  - Oleson, Steven R.
T1  - Combustion-based power source for Venus surface missions.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 127
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 208
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The National Research Council has identified in situ exploration of Venus as an important mission for the coming decade of NASA's exploration of our solar system (Squyers, 2013 [1] ). Heavy cloud cover makes the use of solar photovoltaics extremely problematic for power generation for Venus surface missions. In this paper, we propose a class of planetary exploration missions (for use on Venus and elsewhere) in solar-deprived situations where photovoltaics cannot be used, batteries do not provide sufficient specific energy and mission duration, and nuclear systems may be too costly or complex to justify or simply unavailable. Metal-fueled, combustion-based powerplants have been demonstrated for application in the terrestrial undersea environment. Modified or extended versions of the undersea-based systems may be appropriate for these sunless missions. We describe systems carrying lithium fuel and sulfur-hexafluoride oxidizer that have the potential for many days of operation in the sunless craters of the moon. On Venus a system level specific energy of 240 to 370 W e -hr/kg should be possible if the oxidizer is brought from earth. By using either lithium or a magnesium-based alloy fuel, it may be possible to operate a similar system with CO 2 derived directly from the Venus atmosphere, thus providing an estimated system specific energy of 1100 W e+PV -hr/kg (the subscript refers to both electrical and mechanical power), thereby providing mission durations that enable useful scientific investigation. The results of an analysis performed by the NASA Glenn COMPASS team describe a mission operating at 2.3 kW e+PV for 5 days (120 h), with less than 260 kg power/energy system mass total. This lander would be of a size and cost suitable for a New Frontiers class of mission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMBUSTION
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
KW  - Non-nuclear
KW  - Power
KW  - Stirling
KW  - Venus
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 117801020; Miller, Timothy F. 1; Email Address: nfn@psu.edu Paul, Michael V. 1; Email Address: mvp12@psu.edu Oleson, Steven R. 2; Email Address: steven.r.oleson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, P.O. Box 30, State College, PA 16803, United States  2: COMPASS Laboratory, NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 500-203, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 127, p197; Subject Term: COMBUSTION; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-nuclear; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stirling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Venus; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.05.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117801020&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CASE
AU  - Heldmann, Jennifer L.
AU  - Colaprete, Anthony
AU  - Elphic, Richard C.
AU  - Bussey, Ben
AU  - McGovern, Andrew
AU  - Beyer, Ross
AU  - Lees, David
AU  - Deans, Matt
T1  - Site selection and traverse planning to support a lunar polar rover mission: A case study at Haworth Crater.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 127
M3  - Case Study
SP  - 308
EP  - 320
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Studies of lunar polar volatile deposits are of interest for scientific purposes to understand the nature and evolution of the volatiles, and also for exploration reasons as a possible in situ resource to enable long term human exploration and settlement of the Moon. Both theoretical and observational studies have suggested that significant quantities of volatiles exist in the polar regions, although the lateral and horizontal distribution remains unknown at the km scale and finer resolution. A lunar polar rover mission is required to further characterize the distribution, quantity, and character of lunar polar volatile deposits at these higher spatial resolutions. Here we present a case study for NASA's Resource Prospector (RP) mission concept for a lunar polar rover and utilize this mission architecture and associated constraints to evaluate whether a suitable landing site exists to support an RP flight mission. We evaluate the landing site criteria to characterize the Haworth Crater region in terms of expected hydrogen abundance, surface topography, and prevalence of shadowed regions, as well as solar illumination and direct to Earth communications as a function of time to develop a notional rover traverse plan that addresses both science and engineering requirements. We also present lessons-learned regarding lunar traverse path planning focusing on the critical nature of landing site selection, the influence of illumination patterns on traverse planning, the effects of performing shadowed rover operations, the influence of communications coverage on traverse plan development, and strategic planning to maximize rover lifetime and science at end of mission. Here we present a detailed traverse path scenario for a lunar polar volatiles rover mission and find that the particular site north of Haworth Crater studied here is suitable for further characterization of polar volatile deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR exploration
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - SURFACE topography
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - Ice
KW  - Lunar
KW  - Mission
KW  - Moon
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 117800985; Heldmann, Jennifer L. 1; Email Address: Jennifer.Heldmann@nasa.gov Colaprete, Anthony 1 Elphic, Richard C. 1 Bussey, Ben 2 McGovern, Andrew 2 Beyer, Ross 1,3 Lees, David 1 Deans, Matt 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Johns Hopkins University/Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, United States  3: Carl Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 127, p308; Subject Term: LUNAR exploration; Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: SURFACE topography; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lunar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Case Study
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117800985&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kulchitsky, Anton V.
AU  - Johnson, Jerome B.
AU  - Reeves, David M.
T1  - Resistance forces during boulder extraction from an asteroid.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 127
M3  - Article
SP  - 424
EP  - 437
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Planning for NASA's Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) requires estimating the forces that appear during extraction of a boulder from the surface of an asteroid with unknown surface regolith properties. These forces are estimated for a vertical constant force or acceleration pull and a rolling, constant force, torque (peel) on a 4-m diameter spherical boulder using both analytic and discrete element method (DEM) models considering the effects of microgravity and regolith cohesion using Johnson–Kendall–Roberts (JKR) model. Estimates of the bulk asteroid regolith cohesion strength derived from lunar and asteroid regolith studies ranged from 25 Pa to 250 Pa. JKR cohesive forces at particle contacts depend on particle surface energy and effective curvature radius (particle size). DEM particle size dependent cohesion parameters are linked to estimated regolith cohesion strength by simulating shear and tension tests over a range of DEM particle surface energies resulting in the formulation of the dependence of particle surface energy as a function of cohesion strength and particle size. Maximum extraction forces occur for a vertical pull through the boulder center of mass with constant acceleration. Extraction force decreases for a constant force pull to 0.62 p c S where S is the boulder surface area embedded in the regolith and p c is the cohesion strength of the regolith. Boulder extraction by peeling produces the smallest forces by up to more than a factor of 2, as the failure across the boulder surface increases progressively rather than being fully engaged as occurs during a vertical pull extraction. Variations between DEM and analytic results differed from 9% to 17% over the range of regolith cohesion values and peel extraction leverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - ACCELERATION (Mechanics)
KW  - DISCRETE element method (Simulation model)
KW  - REDUCED gravity environments
KW  - Asteroid
KW  - Asteroid redirect mission
KW  - Cohesion
KW  - Discrete element method
KW  - Granular material
N1  - Accession Number: 117800988; Kulchitsky, Anton V. 1; Email Address: anton.kulchitsky@alaska.edu Johnson, Jerome B. 1; Email Address: jbjohnson5@alaska.edu Reeves, David M. 2; Email Address: david.m.reeves@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Northern Engineering, P.O. Box 755910, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5910, United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Space Mission Analysis Branch, 1 N. Dryden St. Mail Stop 462, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 127, p424; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: ACCELERATION (Mechanics); Subject Term: DISCRETE element method (Simulation model); Subject Term: REDUCED gravity environments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid redirect mission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discrete element method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Granular material; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117800988&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Luckring, James M.
AU  - Boelens, Okko J.
AU  - Breitsamter, Christian
AU  - Hövelmann, Andreas
AU  - Knoth, Florian
AU  - Malloy, Donald J.
AU  - Deck, Sébastien
T1  - Objectives, approach, and scope for the AVT-183 diamond-wing investigations.
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 57
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 17
SN  - 12709638
AB  - A roughly six-year investigation of blunt-leading-edge vortical separation has recently been completed. Principles from a hierarchical complexity approach were used to develop a simple diamond wing configuration with vortex flow properties that were relevant to those of a complex Uninhabited Combat Air Vehicle concept, known as SACCON. The focus of this paper is to present an overview of the project including the basic flow of interest, the approach used to develop the specific research investigation, and the scope of the results. Subsequent papers address specific experimental and numerical findings. This work was conducted under the NATO Science and Technology Organization, Applied Vehicle Technology panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes)
KW  - DIAMONDS
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - Blunt leading edge
KW  - CFD
KW  - Diamond wing
KW  - UCAV
KW  - Vortex flow
KW  - Wind tunnel experiment
N1  - Accession Number: 118813899; Luckring, James M. 1; Email Address: james.m.luckring@nasa.gov Boelens, Okko J. 2; Email Address: okko.boelens@nlr.nl Breitsamter, Christian 3; Email Address: christian.breitsamter@aer.mw.tum.de Hövelmann, Andreas 3; Email Address: andreas.hoevelmann@tum.de Knoth, Florian 3; Email Address: florian.knoth@aer.mw.tum.de Malloy, Donald J. 4; Email Address: donald.malloy.1@us.af.mil Deck, Sébastien 5; Email Address: sebastien.deck@onera.fr; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, USA  2: National Aerospace Laboratory – NLR, Amsterdam, The Netherlands  3: Technische Universität Münch, Munich, Germany  4: Arnold Engineering Development Complex, Arnold Air Force Base, TN, 37389, USA  5: ONERA – The French Aerospace Lab, F-92190 Meudon, France; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 57, p2; Subject Term: TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes); Subject Term: DIAMONDS; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blunt leading edge; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diamond wing; Author-Supplied Keyword: UCAV; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vortex flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind tunnel experiment; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414410 Jewellery and watch merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2016.05.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118813899&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Deck, Sébastien
AU  - Luckring, James M.
T1  - Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation (ZDES) of the flow around the AVT-183 diamond wing configuration.
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 57
M3  - Article
SP  - 43
EP  - 51
SN  - 12709638
AB  - The onset and progression of vortex separation from a round leading edge on a moderately-swept diamond wing was investigated using the Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation (ZDES). Calculations were performed using mode 2 of ZDES that is appropriate for pressure-gradient-induced separation and that includes automated switching between the RANS and LES regions of the flow. The computations were performed early in conceptual design of the AVT-183 project to contribute unsteady flow assessments to other RANS-based steady flow simulations. The salient features of the roll-up of two vortex sheets are investigated together with a spectral analysis of the flow dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes)
KW  - DIAMONDS
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - STEADY-state flow
KW  - Diamond wing
KW  - Unsteady aerodynamics
KW  - Vortex flow
KW  - ZDES
N1  - Accession Number: 118813901; Deck, Sébastien 1; Email Address: sebastien.deck@onera.fr Luckring, James M. 2; Affiliation:  1: ONERA, The French Aerospace Lab, F-92190 Meudon, France  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23861, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 57, p43; Subject Term: TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes); Subject Term: DIAMONDS; Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: STEADY-state flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Diamond wing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unsteady aerodynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vortex flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: ZDES; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414410 Jewellery and watch merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2016.02.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118813901&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Frink, Neal T.
AU  - Tomac, Maximilian
AU  - Rizzi, Arthur
T1  - Collaborative study of incipient separation on 53°-swept diamond wing.
JO  - Aerospace Science & Technology
JF  - Aerospace Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 57
M3  - Article
SP  - 76
EP  - 89
SN  - 12709638
AB  - A systematic analysis of incipient separation and subsequent vortex formation from moderately-swept blunt leading edges is presented for a 53°-swept diamond wing. This work contributes to a collective body of knowledge generated within the multinational NATO/STO AVT-183 Task Group titled “Reliable Prediction of Separated Flow Onset and Progression for Air and Sea Vehicles”. Details of vortex formation are inferred from numerical solutions of two flow solvers after establishing a good correlation of the global flow field and surface pressure distributions with those from wind tunnel measurements. From this, significant and sometimes surprising insights into the nature of incipient separation and part-span vortex formation are derived from the wealth of information available in the computational solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Aerospace Science & Technology is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes)
KW  - SEPARATION (Technology)
KW  - DIAMONDS
KW  - SURFACE pressure
KW  - AERODYNAMIC load
N1  - Accession Number: 118813900; Frink, Neal T. 1; Email Address: neal.t.frink@nasa.gov Tomac, Maximilian 2 Rizzi, Arthur 2; Email Address: rizzi@kth.se; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Aeronautical and Vehicle Engineering – KTH, Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 57, p76; Subject Term: TRAPEZOIDAL wings (Airplanes); Subject Term: SEPARATION (Technology); Subject Term: DIAMONDS; Subject Term: SURFACE pressure; Subject Term: AERODYNAMIC load; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423940 Jewelry, Watch, Precious Stone, and Precious Metal Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 414410 Jewellery and watch merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ast.2016.02.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118813900&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paredes, Pedro
AU  - Choudhari, Meelan M.
AU  - Fei Li
AU  - Chau-Lyan Chang
T1  - Optimal Growth in Hypersonic Boundary Layers.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3050
EP  - 3061
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The linear form of the parabolized linear stability equations is used in a variational approach to extend the previous body of results for the optimal, nonmodal disturbance growth in boundary-layer flows. This paper investigates the optimal growth characteristics in the hypersonic Mach number regime without any high-enthalpy effects. The influence of wall cooling is studied, with particular emphasis on the role of the initial disturbance location and the value of the spanwise wave number that leads to the maximum energy growth up to a specified location. Unlike previous predictions that used a basic state obtained from a self-similar solution to the boundary-layer equations, mean flow solutions based on the full Navier-Stokes equations are used in select cases to help account for the viscous-inviscid interaction near the leading edge of the plate and for the weak shock wave emanating from that region. Using the full Navier-Stokes mean flow is shown to result in further reduction with Mach number in the magnitude of optimal growth relative to the predictions based on the self-similar approximation to the base flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118408907; Paredes, Pedro 1 Choudhari, Meelan M. 2 Fei Li 2 Chau-Lyan Chang 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA NPP Fellow, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Scientist, Computational Aerosciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 54 Issue 10, p3050; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054912
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118408907&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Balla, R. Jeffrey
T1  - Mach 10 Bow Shock and Gas-Cap Unsteadiness Measurements Using Rayleigh Scattering.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 54
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3062
EP  - 3074
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This study demonstrates the usefulness of instantaneous and mean density ρ, standard deviation σ, relative standard deviation σ/ρ, and product standard deviation σ*ρ acquired using a low-sampling-rate instantaneous (10 ns) laser-based method to study effects of high-frequency phenomena on offbody freestream, bow-shock wave, and gas-cap unsteadiness. Spatial correlations of relative flow unsteadiness are acquired using laser Rayleigh scattering performed along a 38.7 mm line containing 200 pixels spanning the freestream, gas cap, near-normal, and oblique shocks created by a multipurpose crew vehicle model in the NASA Langley 31-in. Mach 10 air wind tunnel. A total of 371 instantaneous images are acquired at a fixed stagnation temperature of 990±11 K and five stagnation pressures spanning 2.41-10.0 MPa (350-1454 psi). Maximum σ occurs at the bow-shock-wave spatial density profile first-derivative maximum for a near-normal and oblique shock. Maximum σ/ρ and σ*ρ occur at the bow-shock-wave spatial density profile second-derivative maximum and minimum, respectively, for both the near-normal and oblique shocks. At P0=1454 psi, maximum σ (normal shock) >5/2σ (gas cap), and σ (gas cap) is >2σ (freestream). Additional spatially averaged unsteadiness correlations with flowfield conditions are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 118408908; Balla, R. Jeffrey 1; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Adjunct Professor, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 54 Issue 10, p3062; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054724
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118408908&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. I. Moses
AU  - M. S. Marley
AU  - K. Zahnle
AU  - M. R. Line
AU  - J. J. Fortney
AU  - T. S. Barman
AU  - C. Visscher
AU  - N. K. Lewis
AU  - M. J. Wolff
T1  - ON THE COMPOSITION OF YOUNG, DIRECTLY IMAGED GIANT PLANETS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10//10/1/2016
VL  - 829
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The past decade has seen significant progress on the direct detection and characterization of young, self-luminous giant planets at wide orbital separations from their host stars. Some of these planets show evidence for disequilibrium processes like transport-induced quenching in their atmospheres; photochemistry may also be important, despite the large orbital distances. These disequilibrium chemical processes can alter the expected composition, spectral behavior, thermal structure, and cooling history of the planets, and can potentially confuse determinations of bulk elemental ratios, which provide important insights into planet-formation mechanisms. Using a thermo/photochemical kinetics and transport model, we investigate the extent to which disequilibrium chemistry affects the composition and spectra of directly imaged giant exoplanets. Results for specific “young Jupiters” such as HR 8799 b and 51 Eri b are presented, as are general trends as a function of planetary effective temperature, surface gravity, incident ultraviolet flux, and strength of deep atmospheric convection. We find that quenching is very important on young Jupiters, leading to CO/CH4 and N2/NH3 ratios much greater than, and H2O mixing ratios a factor of a few less than, chemical-equilibrium predictions. Photochemistry can also be important on such planets, with CO2 and HCN being key photochemical products. Carbon dioxide becomes a major constituent when stratospheric temperatures are low and recycling of water via the + OH reaction becomes kinetically stifled. Young Jupiters with effective temperatures K are in a particularly interesting photochemical regime that differs from both transiting hot Jupiters and our own solar-system giant planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets
KW  - NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 118425922; J. I. Moses 1; Email Address: jmoses@spacescience.org M. S. Marley 2 K. Zahnle 2 M. R. Line 3 J. J. Fortney 3 T. S. Barman 4 C. Visscher 1,5 N. K. Lewis 6 M. J. Wolff 1; Affiliation:  1: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA  6: Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2016, Vol. 829 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERES of extrasolar planets; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites -- Atmospheres; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/829/2/66
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118425922&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Kamenetzky
AU  - N. Rangwala
AU  - J. Glenn
AU  - P. R. Maloney
AU  - A. Conley
T1  - RELATIONS WITH CO ROTATIONAL LADDERS OF GALAXIES ACROSS THE HERSCHEL SPIRE ARCHIVE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10//10/1/2016
VL  - 829
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a catalog of all CO (J = 4−3 through J = 13−12), [C i], and [N ii] lines available from extragalactic spectra from the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) archive combined with observations of the low-J CO lines from the literature and from the Arizona Radio Observatory. This work examines the relationships between LFIR, , and LCO/LCO,1−0. We also present a new method for estimating probability distribution functions from marginal signal-to-noise ratio Herschel FTS spectra, which takes into account the instrumental “ringing” and the resulting highly correlated nature of the spectra. The slopes of log(LFIR) versus log() are linear for all mid- to high-J CO lines and slightly sublinear if restricted to (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). The mid- to high-J CO luminosity relative to CO J = 1−0 increases with increasing LFIR, indicating higher excitement of the molecular gas, although these ratios do not exceed ∼180. For a given bin in LFIR, the luminosities relative to CO J = 1−0 remain relatively flat from J = 6−5 through J = 13−12, across three orders of magnitude of LFIR. A single component theoretical photodissociation region (PDR) model cannot match these flat SLED shapes, although combinations of PDR models with mechanical heating added qualitatively match the shapes, indicating the need for further comprehensive modeling of the excitation processes of warm molecular gas in nearby galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - LUMINOSITY
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - MOLECULES
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - PHOTODISSOCIATION
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 118425930; J. Kamenetzky 1,2; Email Address: jkamenetzky@as.arizona.edu N. Rangwala 3,4 J. Glenn 5 P. R. Maloney 5 A. Conley 5; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellow.  3: NASA Ames Research Center Universities Space Research Association/Naval Air Station, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Postdoctoral Fellow.  5: University of Colorado at Boulder, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO, USA; Source Info: 10/1/2016, Vol. 829 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: MOLECULES; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: PHOTODISSOCIATION; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/829/2/93
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Müller, Detlef
AU  - Böckmann, Christine
AU  - Rosemann, Julia
AU  - Kolgotin, Alexei
AU  - Schneidenbach, Lars
AU  - Chemyakin, Eduard
AU  - Znak, Pavel
AU  - Romanov, Anton
T1  - Microphysical particle properties derived from inversion algorithms developed in the framework of EARLINET.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 9
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 5007
EP  - 5035
SN  - 18671381
AB  - We present a summary on the current status of two inversion algorithms that are used in EARLINET (European Aerosol Research Lidar Network) for the inversion of data collected with EARLINET multiwavelength Raman lidars. These instruments measure backscatter coefficients at 355, 532, and 1064 nm, and extinction coefficients at 355 and 532 nm. Development of these two algorithms started in 2000 when EARLINET was founded. The algorithms are based on a manually controlled inversion of optical data which allows for detailed sensitivity studies. The algorithms allow us to derive particle effective radius as well as volume and surface area concentration with comparably high confidence. The retrieval of the real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index still is a challenge in view of the accuracy required for these parameters in climate change studies in which light absorption needs to be known with high accuracy. It is an extreme challenge to retrieve the real part with an accuracy better than 0.05 and the imaginary part with accuracy better than 0.005-0.1 or ±50 %. Single-scattering albedo can be computed from the retrieved microphysical parameters and allows us to categorize aerosols into high- and low-absorbing aerosols. On the basis of a few exemplary simulations with synthetic optical data we discuss the current status of these manually operated algorithms, the potentially achievable accuracy of data products, and the goals for future work. One algorithm was used with the purpose of testing how well microphysical parameters can be derived if the real part of the complex refractive index is known to at least 0.05 or 0.1. The other algorithm was used to find out how well microphysical parameters can be derived if this constraint for the real part is not applied. The optical data used in our study cover a range of Ångström exponents and extinction-to-backscatter (lidar) ratios that are found from lidar measurements of various aerosol types. We also tested aerosol scenarios that are considered highly unlikely, e.g. the lidar ratios fall outside the commonly accepted range of values measured with Raman lidar, even though the underlying microphysical particle properties are not uncommon. The goal of this part of the study is to test the robustness of the algorithms towards their ability to identify aerosol types that have not been measured so far, but cannot be ruled out based on our current knowledge of aerosol physics. We computed the optical data from monomodal logarithmic particle size distributions, i.e. we explicitly excluded the more complicated case of bimodal particle size distributions which is a topic of ongoing research work. Another constraint is that we only considered particles of spherical shape in our simulations. We considered particle radii as large as 7-10 µm in our simulations where the Potsdam algorithm is limited to the lower value. We considered optical-data errors of 15 % in the simulation studies. We target 50 % uncertainty as a reasonable threshold for our data products, though we attempt to obtain data products with less uncertainty in future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - FREDHOLM equations
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - EXTINCTION coefficients (Optics)
N1  - Accession Number: 119048155; Müller, Detlef 1 Böckmann, Christine 2 Rosemann, Julia 2 Kolgotin, Alexei 3 Schneidenbach, Lars 4 Chemyakin, Eduard 5 Znak, Pavel 6 Romanov, Anton 7; Affiliation:  1: School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK  2: Institute of Mathematics, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany  3: Physics Instrumentation Center, Troitsk, Russia  4: Formerly at: Institute for Computer Science, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany  5: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA, USA  6: V. A. Fock Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg University, Ulyanovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia  7: The National University of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p5007; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement; Subject Term: FREDHOLM equations; Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: EXTINCTION coefficients (Optics); Number of Pages: 29p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-5007-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jethva, Hiren
AU  - Torres, Omar
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Redemann, Jens
AU  - Dunagan, Stephen
AU  - Livingston, John
AU  - Yohei Shinozuka
AU  - Kacenelenbogen, Meloe
AU  - Segal Rosenheimer, Michal
AU  - Spurr, Rob
T1  - Validating MODIS above-cloud aerosol optical depth retrieved from "color ratio" algorithm using direct measurements made by NASA's airborne AATS and 4STAR sensors.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 9
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 5053
EP  - 5062
SN  - 18671381
AB  - We present the validation analysis of above-cloud aerosol optical depth (ACAOD) retrieved from the "color ratio" method applied to MODIS cloudy-sky reflectance measurements using the limited direct measurements made by NASA's airborne Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS) and Spectrometer for Sky-Scanning, Sun-Tracking Atmospheric Research (4STAR) sensors. A thorough search of the airborne database collection revealed a total of five significant events in which an airborne sun photometer, coincident with the MODIS overpass, observed partially absorbing aerosols emitted from agricultural biomass burning, dust, and wildfires over a low-level cloud deck during SAFARI-2000, ACE-ASIA 2001, and SEAC4RS 2013 campaigns, respectively. The co-located satellite-airborne matchups revealed a good agreement (root-mean-square difference <0.1), with most matchups falling within the estimated uncertainties associated the MODIS retrievals (about -10 to +50 %). The co-retrieved cloud optical depth was comparable to that of the MODIS operational cloud product for ACE-ASIA and SEAC4RS, however, higher by 30-50% for the SAFARI- 2000 case study. The reason for this discrepancy could be attributed to the distinct aerosol optical properties encountered during respective campaigns. A brief discussion on the sources of uncertainty in the satellite-based ACAOD retrieval and co-location procedure is presented. Field experiments dedicated to making direct measurements of aerosols above cloud are needed for the extensive validation of satellite-based retrievals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometers)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC ozone -- Measurement
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 119048157; Jethva, Hiren 1,2 Torres, Omar 2 Remer, Lorraine 3 Redemann, Jens 4 Dunagan, Stephen 4 Livingston, John 5 Yohei Shinozuka 6 Kacenelenbogen, Meloe 6 Segal Rosenheimer, Michal 6 Spurr, Rob 7; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association, Goddard Earth Sciences Technology and Research (GESTAR), Columbia, MD 21044, USA  2: Earth Science Division, Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  4: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA  6: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: RT Solutions, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p5053; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometers); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC ozone -- Measurement; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Measurement; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-5053-2016
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - PETÄJÄ, TUUKKA
AU  - O'CONNOR, EWAN J.
AU  - MOISSEEV, DMITRI
AU  - SINCLAIR, VICTORIA A.
AU  - MANNINEN, ANTTI J.
AU  - VÄÄNÄNEN, RIIKKA
AU  - VON LERBER, ANNAKAISA
AU  - THORNTON, JOEL A.
AU  - NICOLL, KERI
AU  - PETERSEN, WALT
AU  - CHANDRASEKAR, V.
AU  - SMITH, JAMES N.
AU  - WINKLER, PAUL M.
AU  - KRÜGER, OLAF
AU  - HAKOLA, HANNELE
AU  - TIMONEN, HILKKA
AU  - BRUS, DAVID
AU  - LAURILA, TUOMAS
AU  - ASMI, EIJA
AU  - RIEKKOLA, MARJA-LIISA
T1  - BAECC.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 97
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1909
EP  - 1928
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article focuses on a study related to a field campaign the Biogenic Aerosols—Effects on Clouds and Climate (BAECC) to explain the impact on cloud and climate by biogenic aerosols. Topics discussed include BAECC experiment provided Station for Measuring Forest Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR-II) observation record to the impact of biogenic aerosol on climate in Hyytiälä, Finland, the annual-mean global temperature have biogeophysical effect due to boreal forests.
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - TAIGAS
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - ECOSYSTEMS
N1  - Accession Number: 119971900; PETÄJÄ, TUUKKA 1,2; Email Address: tuukka.petaja@helsinki.fi O'CONNOR, EWAN J. 3 MOISSEEV, DMITRI 4 SINCLAIR, VICTORIA A. 1 MANNINEN, ANTTI J. 1 VÄÄNÄNEN, RIIKKA 1 VON LERBER, ANNAKAISA 5 THORNTON, JOEL A. 6 NICOLL, KERI 7 PETERSEN, WALT 8 CHANDRASEKAR, V. 9 SMITH, JAMES N. 10 WINKLER, PAUL M. 11 KRÜGER, OLAF 1 HAKOLA, HANNELE 5 TIMONEN, HILKKA 5 BRUS, DAVID 5 LAURILA, TUOMAS 5 ASMI, EIJA 5 RIEKKOLA, MARJA-LIISA 12; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland  2: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2,00014 Helsinki, Finland  3: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom  4: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, and Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland  5: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland  6: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington  7: Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom  8: Wallops Flight Facility, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Wallops Island, Virginia  9: Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, and Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland, and Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado  10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, and Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Finland, and University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California  11: Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria  12: Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 97 Issue 10, p1909; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: TAIGAS; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: ECOSYSTEMS; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00199.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hateley, Shannon
AU  - Hosamani, Ravikumar
AU  - Bhardwaj, Shilpa R.
AU  - Pachter, Lior
AU  - Bhattacharya, Sharmila
T1  - Transcriptomic response of Drosophila melanogaster pupae developed in hypergravity.
JO  - Genomics
JF  - Genomics
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 108
IS  - 3/4
M3  - Article
SP  - 158
EP  - 167
SN  - 08887543
AB  - Altered gravity can perturb normal development and induce corresponding changes in gene expression. Understanding this relationship between the physical environment and a biological response is important for NASA's space travel goals. We use RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR techniques to profile changes in early Drosophila melanogaster pupae exposed to chronic hypergravity (3 g , or three times Earth's gravity). During the pupal stage, D. melanogaster rely upon gravitational cues for proper development. Assessing gene expression changes in the pupae under altered gravity conditions helps highlight gravity-dependent genetic pathways. A robust transcriptional response was observed in hypergravity-treated pupae compared to controls, with 1513 genes showing a significant (q < 0.05) difference in gene expression. Five major biological processes were affected: ion transport, redox homeostasis, immune response, proteolysis, and cuticle development. This outlines the underlying molecular and biological changes occurring in Drosophila pupae in response to hypergravity; gravity is important for many biological processes on Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Genomics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DROSOPHILA melanogaster
KW  - DROSOPHILIDAE
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - RNA-seq
KW  - GENES
KW  - Drosophila melanogaster
KW  - Hypergravity
KW  - Metamorphosis
KW  - Pupae
KW  - RNA-Seq
KW  - Transcriptome
N1  - Accession Number: 119584664; Hateley, Shannon 1; Email Address: shateley@berkeley.edu Hosamani, Ravikumar 2; Email Address: ravikumar.hosamani@nasa.gov Bhardwaj, Shilpa R. 2; Email Address: shilpa.r.shankar@gmail.com Pachter, Lior 1,3; Email Address: lpachter@math.berkeley.edu Bhattacharya, Sharmila 2; Email Address: sharmila.bhattacharya@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States  2: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, United States  3: Departments of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, United States; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 108 Issue 3/4, p158; Subject Term: DROSOPHILA melanogaster; Subject Term: DROSOPHILIDAE; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: RNA-seq; Subject Term: GENES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Drosophila melanogaster; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hypergravity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Metamorphosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pupae; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA-Seq; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transcriptome; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ygeno.2016.09.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119584664&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alden, Caroline B.
AU  - Miller, John B.
AU  - Gatti, Luciana V.
AU  - Gloor, Manuel M.
AU  - Guan, Kaiyu
AU  - Michalak, Anna M.
AU  - Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T.
AU  - Touma, Danielle
AU  - Andrews, Arlyn
AU  - Basso, Luana S.
AU  - Correia, Caio S. C.
AU  - Domingues, Lucas G.
AU  - Joiner, Joanna
AU  - Krol, Maarten C.
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei I.
AU  - Peters, Wouter
AU  - Shiga, Yoichi P.
AU  - Thoning, Kirk
AU  - Velde, Ivar R.
AU  - Leeuwen, Thijs T.
T1  - Regional atmospheric CO2 inversion reveals seasonal and geographic differences in Amazon net biome exchange.
JO  - Global Change Biology
JF  - Global Change Biology
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 22
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 3427
EP  - 3443
SN  - 13541013
AB  - Understanding tropical rainforest carbon exchange and its response to heat and drought is critical for quantifying the effects of climate change on tropical ecosystems, including global climate-carbon feedbacks. Of particular importance for the global carbon budget is net biome exchange of CO2 with the atmosphere ( NBE), which represents nonfire carbon fluxes into and out of biomass and soils. Subannual and sub-Basin Amazon NBE estimates have relied heavily on process-based biosphere models, despite lack of model agreement with plot-scale observations. We present a new analysis of airborne measurements that reveals monthly, regional-scale (~1-8 × 106 km2) NBE variations. We develop a regional atmospheric CO2 inversion that provides the first analysis of geographic and temporal variability in Amazon biosphere-atmosphere carbon exchange and that is minimally influenced by biosphere model-based first guesses of seasonal and annual mean fluxes. We find little evidence for a clear seasonal cycle in Amazon NBE but do find NBE sensitivity to aberrations from long-term mean climate. In particular, we observe increased NBE (more carbon emitted to the atmosphere) associated with heat and drought in 2010, and correlations between wet season NBE and precipitation (negative correlation) and temperature (positive correlation). In the eastern Amazon, pulses of increased NBE persisted through 2011, suggesting legacy effects of 2010 heat and drought. We also identify regional differences in postdrought NBE that appear related to long-term water availability. We examine satellite proxies and find evidence for higher gross primary productivity ( GPP) during a pulse of increased carbon uptake in 2011, and lower GPP during a period of increased NBE in the 2010 dry season drought, but links between GPP and NBE changes are not conclusive. These results provide novel evidence of NBE sensitivity to short-term temperature and moisture extremes in the Amazon, where monthly and sub-Basin estimates have not been previously available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Change Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon monoxide
KW  - BIOMES
KW  - RAIN forests
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - Amazon
KW  - climate extremes
KW  - CO2
KW  - inverse model
KW  - terrestrial biosphere
KW  - tropical carbon exchange
N1  - Accession Number: 117745942; Alden, Caroline B. 1,2 Miller, John B. 3,4 Gatti, Luciana V. 5 Gloor, Manuel M. 6 Guan, Kaiyu 1 Michalak, Anna M. 7 Laan-Luijkx, Ingrid T. 8 Touma, Danielle 1 Andrews, Arlyn 3 Basso, Luana S. 5 Correia, Caio S. C. 5 Domingues, Lucas G. 5 Joiner, Joanna 9 Krol, Maarten C. 8,10,11 Lyapustin, Alexei I. 9 Peters, Wouter 8,12 Shiga, Yoichi P. 7,13 Thoning, Kirk 3 Velde, Ivar R. 12 Leeuwen, Thijs T. 10,11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University  2: Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University  3: Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  4: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES) University of Colorado  5: Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN)-Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN)-Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory  6: School of Geography, University of Leeds  7: Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science  8: Department of Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University  9: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center  10: Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research Utrecht, Utrecht University  11: SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research  12: University of Groningen Centre for Isotope Research  13: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 22 Issue 10, p3427; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon monoxide; Subject Term: BIOMES; Subject Term: RAIN forests; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Amazon; Author-Supplied Keyword: climate extremes; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO2; Author-Supplied Keyword: inverse model; Author-Supplied Keyword: terrestrial biosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical carbon exchange; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/gcb.13305
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117745942&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schleeweis, Karen
AU  - Goward, Samuel N.
AU  - Huang, Chengquan
AU  - Dwyer, John L.
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
AU  - Lindsey, Mary A.
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew
AU  - Rishmawi, Khaldoun
AU  - Masek, Jeffery G.
T1  - Selection and quality assessment of Landsat data for the North American forest dynamics forest history maps of the US.
JO  - International Journal of Digital Earth
JF  - International Journal of Digital Earth
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 9
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 963
EP  - 980
SN  - 17538947
AB  - Using the NASA Earth Exchange platform, the North American Forest Dynamics (NAFD) project mapped forest history wall-to-wall, annually for the contiguous US (1986–2010) using the Vegetation Change Tracker algorithm. As with any effort to identify real changes in remotely sensed time-series, data gaps, shifts in seasonality, misregistration, inconsistent radiometry and cloud contamination can be sources of error. We discuss the NAFD image selection and processing stream (NISPS) that was designed to minimize these sources of error. The NISPS image quality assessments highlighted issues with the Landsat archive and metadata including inadequate georegistration, unreliability of the pre-2009 L5 cloud cover assessments algorithm, missing growing-season imagery and paucity of clear views. Assessment maps of Landsat 5–7 image quantities and qualities are presented that offer novel perspectives on the growing-season archive considered for this study. Over 150,000+ Landsat images were considered for the NAFD project. Optimally, one high quality cloud-free image in each year or a total of 12,152 images would be used. However, to accommodate data gaps and cloud/shadow contamination 23,338 images were needed. In 220 specific path-row image years no acceptable images were found resulting in data gaps in the annual national map products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Digital Earth is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FOREST dynamics
KW  - FORESTS & forestry
KW  - HISTORY
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - TIME series analysis
KW  - RADIOMETRY
KW  - UNITED States
KW  - forest cover change
KW  - forest disturbance
KW  - Landsat
KW  - nasa earth exchange
KW  - North American forest dynamics
KW  - time-series mapping
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 117807497; Schleeweis, Karen 1 Goward, Samuel N. 2 Huang, Chengquan 2 Dwyer, John L. 3 Dungan, Jennifer L. 4 Lindsey, Mary A. 5 Michaelis, Andrew 6 Rishmawi, Khaldoun 2 Masek, Jeffery G. 7; Affiliation:  1: Forest Inventory and Analysis, US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT, USA  2: Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  3: U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Climate Program Office, NOAA, Washington, DC, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, University Corporation Monterey Bay, Moffett Field, CA, USA  7: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 9 Issue 10, p963; Subject Term: FOREST dynamics; Subject Term: FORESTS & forestry; Subject Term: HISTORY; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: TIME series analysis; Subject Term: RADIOMETRY; Subject Term: UNITED States; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest cover change; Author-Supplied Keyword: forest disturbance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: nasa earth exchange; Author-Supplied Keyword: North American forest dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: time-series mapping; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/17538947.2016.1158876
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117807497&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panerai, Francesco
AU  - White, Jason D.
AU  - Cochell, Thomas J.
AU  - Schroeder, Olivia M.
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
AU  - Wright, Michael J.
AU  - Martin, Alexandre
T1  - Experimental measurements of the permeability of fibrous carbon at high-temperature.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 101
M3  - Article
SP  - 267
EP  - 273
SN  - 00179310
AB  - A series of experiments was performed to obtain permeability data on FiberForm®, a commercial carbon preform used for manufacturing thermal protection systems. A porous sample was placed in a quartz flow-tube heated by an isothermal furnace. The setup was instrumented to measure mass flow through and pressure drop across the sample. The intrinsic permeability and the Klinkenberg correction, which accounts for rarefied effects, were computed from the experimental data. The role of the gas temperature and pressure on the effective permeability is shown, and it is demonstrated that with proper data reduction, the intrinsic permeability is strictly a function of the micro-structure of the material. A function for the effective permeability of FiberForm, dependent on temperature, pressure, pore geometry, and type of gas is proposed. The intrinsic permeability was evaluated at K 0 = 5.57 × 10 - 11 m 2 , with a Klinkenberg parameter of 8 c / d p = 2.51 × 10 5 m −1 and a reference porosity of ϕ † = 0.87 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - PERMEABILITY
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - ISOTHERMAL processes
KW  - Permeability
KW  - Porous media
KW  - Thermal protection systems
N1  - Accession Number: 116631059; Panerai, Francesco 1 White, Jason D. 2 Cochell, Thomas J. 3 Schroeder, Olivia M. 1 Mansour, Nagi N. 4 Wright, Michael J. 5 Martin, Alexandre 1; Email Address: Alexandre.Martin@uky.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: Advanced Technology & Systems Division, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA  3: Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA  4: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Entry Systems and Technology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 101, p267; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: PERMEABILITY; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permeability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous media; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal protection systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.05.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116631059&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Son, Youn-Suk
AU  - Jeong, Jin-Ho
AU  - Lee, Hyung Joo
AU  - Kim, Jo-Chun
T1  - A novel control system for nitrogen dioxide removal and energy saving from an underground subway stations.
JO  - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF  - Journal of Cleaner Production
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 133
M3  - Article
SP  - 212
EP  - 219
SN  - 09596526
AB  - The importance of indoor air quality in a subway system is growing rapidly because passengers' health and displeasure are interrelated. Among diverse indoor pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) emitted from automobiles may flow into a platform of underground subway through ventilation holes or stairs. The level of NO 2 in an underground subway station should be managed to prevent its adverse effects because NO 2 is harmful to health. In this study, a novel control system (self-control system) equipped with panel-type hybrid activated carbon beds were developed and applied to remove NO 2 and save energy for ventilation from underground subway stations. To evaluate the removal efficiency by varying influential factors such as superficial gas velocity and relative humidity, we measured the NO 2 concentration from diverse sampling points (ambient, platform, and before and after the hybrid activated carbon bed) before and after operating the self-control system. As a result, the NO 2 concentration at the ventilation hole of the subway station (12.3–113.6 ppb) was higher than that at the air monitoring station (9.2–68.4 ppb, AIRKOREA operated by Ministry of Environment in Korea). The level of NO 2 was changed by varying the relative humidity in ambient air. The removal efficiency of NO 2 decreased from 66.3% to 60.5% and the pressure drop of hybrid activated carbon bed in the system increased from 2.2 mmAq to 5.4 mmAq when the superficial gas velocity (depending on inverter frequency) increased from 1.04 m/s to 1.82 m/s. Additionally, the removal efficiency of NO 2 rapidly decreased with elapsed time and was affected by relative humidity and weather conditions. Finally, the level of NO 2 in the platform was less than 50 ppb (which is the standard value recommended by the Ministry of Environment, Korea), when the hybrid activated carbon bed was set to 90° (vertical direction on air flow). When the self-control system was operated in the heating ventilating, and air conditioning system of the underground subway station, the NO 2 level in the platform was considerably controlled to below 50 ppb and the power consumption for ventilation reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Cleaner Production is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITROGEN dioxide -- Environmental aspects
KW  - ENERGY conservation
KW  - SUBWAY stations
KW  - HEATING & ventilation industry
KW  - INDOOR air quality
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - Activated carbon
KW  - Adsorption
KW  - Energy saving
KW  - Indoor air quality (IAQ)
KW  - Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 )
KW  - Subway
N1  - Accession Number: 117012382; Son, Youn-Suk 1 Jeong, Jin-Ho 2 Lee, Hyung Joo 3 Kim, Jo-Chun 2; Email Address: jckim@konkuk.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Research Division for Industry & Environment, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, Republic of Korea  2: Department of Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea  3: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 133, p212; Subject Term: NITROGEN dioxide -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: ENERGY conservation; Subject Term: SUBWAY stations; Subject Term: HEATING & ventilation industry; Subject Term: INDOOR air quality; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Activated carbon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adsorption; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy saving; Author-Supplied Keyword: Indoor air quality (IAQ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ); Author-Supplied Keyword: Subway; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221330 Steam and Air-Conditioning Supply; NAICS/Industry Codes: 485119 Other Urban Transit Systems; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.116
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117012382&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - OBRYK, M. K.
AU  - DORAN, P. T.
AU  - HICKS, J. A.
AU  - McKAY, C. P.
AU  - PRISCU, J. C.
T1  - Modeling the thickness of perennial ice covers on stratified lakes of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica.
JO  - Journal of Glaciology
JF  - Journal of Glaciology
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 62
IS  - 235
M3  - Article
SP  - 825
EP  - 834
SN  - 00221430
AB  - A 1-D ice cover model was developed to predict and constrain drivers of long-term ice thickness trends in chemically stratified lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The model is driven by surface radiative heat fluxes and heat fluxes from the underlying water column. The model successfully reproduced 16 a (between 1996 and 2012) of ice thickness changes for the west lobe of Lake Bonney (average ice thickness = 3.53 m) and Lake Fryxell (average ice thickness = 4.22 m). Long-term ice thickness trends require coupling with the thermal structure of the water column. The heat stored within the temperature maximum of lakes exceeding a liquid water column depth of 20 m can either impede or facilitate ice thickness change depending on the predominant climatic trend (cooling or warming). As such, shallow (<20 m deep water columns) perennially ice-covered lakes without deep temperature maxima are more sensitive indicators of climate change. The long-term ice thickness trends are a result of surface energy flux and heat flux from the deep temperature maximum in the water column, the latter of which results from absorbed solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Glaciology is the property of Cambridge University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE harvesting
KW  - WATER
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - LAKES
KW  - GEOPHYSICISTS
KW  - energy balance
KW  - ice and climate
KW  - ice thickness measurements
KW  - lake ice
N1  - Accession Number: 118931517; OBRYK, M. K. 1,2 DORAN, P. T. 2 HICKS, J. A. 3 McKAY, C. P. 4 PRISCU, J. C. 5; Affiliation:  1: Departemnt of Geology, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA  2: Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA  3: Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA  4: Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 62 Issue 235, p825; Subject Term: ICE harvesting; Subject Term: WATER; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: LAKES; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICISTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: energy balance; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice and climate; Author-Supplied Keyword: ice thickness measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: lake ice; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1017/jog.2016.69
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118931517&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paulino-Lima, Ivan Glaucio
AU  - Fujishima, Kosuke
AU  - Navarrete, Jesica Urbina
AU  - Galante, Douglas
AU  - Rodrigues, Fabio
AU  - Azua-Bustos, Armando
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn Justine
T1  - Extremely high UV-C radiation resistant microorganisms from desert environments with different manganese concentrations.
JO  - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology
JF  - Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 163
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 336
SN  - 10111344
AB  - Desiccation resistance and a high intracellular Mn/Fe ratio contribute to ionizing radiation resistance of Deinococcus radiodurans . We hypothesized that this was a general phenomenon and thus developed a strategy to search for highly radiation-resistant organisms based on their natural environment. While desiccation is a typical feature of deserts, the correlation between radiation resistance and the intracellular Mn/Fe ratio of indigenous microorganisms or the Mn/Fe ratio of the environment, has not yet been described. UV-C radiation is highly damaging to biomolecules including DNA. It was used in this study as a selective tool because of its relevance to early life on earth, high altitude aerobiology and the search for life beyond Earth. Surface soil samples were collected from the Sonoran Desert, Arizona (USA), from the Atacama Desert in Chile and from a manganese mine in northern Argentina. Microbial isolates were selected after exposure to UV-C irradiation and growth. The isolates comprised 28 genera grouped within six phyla, which we ranked according to their resistance to UV-C irradiation. Survival curves were performed for the most resistant isolates and correlated with their intracellular Mn/Fe ratio, which was determined by ICP-MS. Five percent of the isolates were highly resistant, including one more resistant than D. radiodurans , a bacterium generally considered the most radiation-resistant organism, thus used as a model for radiation resistance studies. No correlation was observed between the occurrence of resistant microorganisms and the Mn/Fe ratio in the soil samples. However, all resistant isolates showed an intracellular Mn/Fe ratio much higher than the sensitive isolates. Our findings could represent a new front in efforts to harness mechanisms of UV-C radiation resistance from extreme environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Photochemistry & Photobiology B: Biology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - DESERTS
KW  - MICROORGANISMS
KW  - MICROBIAL diversity
KW  - EXTREME environments -- Microbiology
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL conditions
KW  - Desiccation
KW  - Extremophile
KW  - Manganese
KW  - Microbial diversity
KW  - Ultraviolet radiation resistance
N1  - Accession Number: 118266673; Paulino-Lima, Ivan Glaucio 1; Email Address: ivan.g.paulinolima@nasa.gov Fujishima, Kosuke 2 Navarrete, Jesica Urbina 2 Galante, Douglas 3 Rodrigues, Fabio 4 Azua-Bustos, Armando 5 Rothschild, Lynn Justine 6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-0001, USA  2: University Affiliated Research Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-0001, USA  3: Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil  4: Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil  5: Centro de Investigación Biomédica, UniversidadAutónoma de Chile, Santiago, 8910060, Chile  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 163, p327; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: DESERTS; Subject Term: MICROORGANISMS; Subject Term: MICROBIAL diversity; Subject Term: EXTREME environments -- Microbiology; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desiccation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extremophile; Author-Supplied Keyword: Manganese; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microbial diversity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ultraviolet radiation resistance; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.08.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118266673&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jain, Rohit K.
AU  - Yeo, Hyeonsoo
AU  - Ho, Jimmy C.
AU  - Bhagwat, Mahendra
T1  - An Assessment of RCAS Performance Prediction for Conventional and Advanced Rotor Configurations.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 61
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 042005-1
EP  - 042005-12
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The U.S. Army's Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS) version 15.07 was validated for aerodynamic performance prediction for a variety of isolated rotor configurations in hover and forward flight. Validation cases included a wide variety of key rotor configurations, covering model scale and full scale, twist distributions (zero twist, moderate linear twist, nonlinear twist, and high nonlinear twist), tip shapes (rectangular, swept, swept-tapered, tapered, and anhedral), and flight conditions (hover to high-speed forward flight). A free-vortex wake model was used for hover performance, whereas a prescribed-vortex wake model was sufficient for moderate-to-high advance ratios. At low advance ratios, the increased rotor-wake interactions yielded less-accurate results using the prescribed wake. The validation study showed good correlation with test data using the best practices for the vortex wake modeling parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - EVALUATION
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - FLIGHT
KW  - VECTOR beams
KW  - UNITED States. Army
N1  - Accession Number: 119125439; Jain, Rohit K. 1; Email Address: rkj238@gmail.com Yeo, Hyeonsoo 2 Ho, Jimmy C. 3 Bhagwat, Mahendra 4; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer , U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate-AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center, Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM), Moffett Field, CA  2: Research Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate-AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center, Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM), Moffett Field, CA  3: Research Scientist, Science and Technology Corporation, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  4: Aerospace Engineer U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate-AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center, Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM), Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 61 Issue 4, p042005-1; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: EVALUATION; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLIGHT; Subject Term: VECTOR beams; Company/Entity: UNITED States. Army; NAICS/Industry Codes: 928110 National Security; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.61.042005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119125439&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xi, Xin
AU  - Johnson, Matthew S.
AU  - Jeong, Seongeun
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew
AU  - Pieri, David
AU  - Diaz, Jorge Andres
AU  - Bland, Geoffrey L.
T1  - Constraining the sulfur dioxide degassing flux from Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica using unmanned aerial system measurements.
JO  - Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
JF  - Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 325
M3  - Article
SP  - 110
EP  - 118
SN  - 03770273
AB  - Observed sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) mixing ratios onboard unmanned aerial systems (UAS) during March 11–13, 2013 are used to constrain the three-day averaged SO 2 degassing flux from Turrialba volcano within a Bayesian inverse modeling framework. A mesoscale model coupled with Lagrangian stochastic particle backward trajectories is used to quantify the source-receptor relationships at very high spatial resolutions (i.e., < 1 km). The model shows better performance in reproducing the near-surface meteorological properties and observed SO 2 variations when using a first-order closure non-local planetary boundary layer (PBL) scheme. The optimized SO 2 degassing fluxes vary from 0.59 ± 0.37 to 0.83 ± 0.33 kt d − 1 depending on the PBL scheme used. These fluxes are in good agreement with ground-based gas flux measurements, and correspond to corrective scale factors of 8–12 to the posteruptive SO 2 degassing rate in the AeroCom emission inventory. The maximum a posteriori solution for the SO 2 flux is highly sensitive to the specification of prior and observational errors, and relatively insensitive to the SO 2 loss term and temporal averaging of observations. Our results indicate relatively low degassing activity but sustained sulfur emissions from Turrialba volcano to the troposphere during March 2013. This study demonstrates the utility of low-cost small UAS platforms for volcanic gas composition and flux analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SULFUR dioxide mitigation
KW  - VOLCANOES
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - MIXING ratio (Atmospheric chemistry)
KW  - VOLCANIC gases
KW  - COSTA Rica
KW  - Inverse modeling
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
KW  - Turrialba
KW  - Unmanned aerial system
KW  - Unmanned aerial vehicle
KW  - Volcanic degassing
N1  - Accession Number: 117893850; Xi, Xin 1; Email Address: xin.xi30@gmail.com Johnson, Matthew S. 1 Jeong, Seongeun 2 Fladeland, Matthew 1 Pieri, David 3 Diaz, Jorge Andres 4 Bland, Geoffrey L. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  4: Physics School, GasLab, CICANUM, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica  5: NASA Wallops Flight Facility, Wallops Island, VA, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 325, p110; Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide mitigation; Subject Term: VOLCANOES; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Subject Term: MIXING ratio (Atmospheric chemistry); Subject Term: VOLCANIC gases; Subject Term: COSTA Rica; Author-Supplied Keyword: Inverse modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfur dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Turrialba; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unmanned aerial system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Unmanned aerial vehicle; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanic degassing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.06.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117893850&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mousis, O.
AU  - Atkinson, D.H.
AU  - Spilker, T.
AU  - Venkatapathy, E.
AU  - Poncy, J.
AU  - Frampton, R.
AU  - Coustenis, A.
AU  - Reh, K.
AU  - Lebreton, J.-P.
AU  - Fletcher, L.N.
AU  - Hueso, R.
AU  - Amato, M.J.
AU  - Colaprete, A.
AU  - Ferri, F.
AU  - Stam, D.
AU  - Wurz, P.
AU  - Atreya, S.
AU  - Aslam, S.
AU  - Banfield, D.J.
AU  - Calcutt, S.
T1  - The Hera Saturn entry probe mission.
JO  - Planetary & Space Science
JF  - Planetary & Space Science
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 130
M3  - Article
SP  - 80
EP  - 103
SN  - 00320633
AB  - The Hera Saturn entry probe mission is proposed as an M-class mission led by ESA with a contribution from NASA. It consists of one atmospheric probe to be sent into the atmosphere of Saturn, and a Carrier-Relay spacecraft. In this concept, the Hera probe is composed of ESA and NASA elements, and the Carrier-Relay Spacecraft is delivered by ESA. The probe is powered by batteries, and the Carrier-Relay Spacecraft is powered by solar panels and batteries. We anticipate two major subsystems to be supplied by the United States, either by direct procurement by ESA or by contribution from NASA: the solar electric power system (including solar arrays and the power management and distribution system), and the probe entry system (including the thermal protection shield and aeroshell). Hera is designed to perform in situ measurements of the chemical and isotopic compositions as well as the dynamics of Saturn's atmosphere using a single probe, with the goal of improving our understanding of the origin, formation, and evolution of Saturn, the giant planets and their satellite systems, with extrapolation to extrasolar planets. Hera 's aim is to probe well into the cloud-forming region of the troposphere, below the region accessible to remote sensing, to the locations where certain cosmogenically abundant species are expected to be well mixed. By leading to an improved understanding of the processes by which giant planets formed, including the composition and properties of the local solar nebula at the time and location of giant planet formation, Hera will extend the legacy of the Galileo and Cassini missions by further addressing the creation, formation, and chemical, dynamical, and thermal evolution of the giant planets, the entire solar system including Earth and the other terrestrial planets, and formation of other planetary systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Planetary & Space Science is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Magnetosphere
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - GAS giants
KW  - PLANETARY surfaces
KW  - Atmosphere
KW  - ESA's Cosmic Vision Medium class size call
KW  - In situ measurements
KW  - Probe
KW  - Saturn
KW  - EUROPEAN Space Agency
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 117709781; Mousis, O. 1; Email Address: olivier.mousis@lam.fr Atkinson, D.H. 2 Spilker, T. 3 Venkatapathy, E. 4 Poncy, J. 5 Frampton, R. 6 Coustenis, A. 7 Reh, K. 8 Lebreton, J.-P. 7,9 Fletcher, L.N. 10 Hueso, R. 11,12 Amato, M.J. 13 Colaprete, A. 4 Ferri, F. 14 Stam, D. 15 Wurz, P. 16 Atreya, S. 17 Aslam, S. 13 Banfield, D.J. 18 Calcutt, S. 10; Affiliation:  1: Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France  2: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA  3: Solar System Science & Exploration, Monrovia, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  5: Thales Alenia Space, Cannes, France  6: The Boeing Company, Huntington Beach, CA, USA  7: LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, CNRS, UPMC, Univ. Paris-Diderot, France  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: LPC2E, CNRS-Université d'Orléans, 3a Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, 45071 Orléans Cedex 2, France  10: Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK  11: Departamento Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, ETS Ingeniería, Alameda Urquijo s/n, 48013 Bilbao, Spain  12: Unidad Asociada Grupo Ciencias Planetarias UPV/EHU-IAA (CSIC), 48013 Bilbao, Spain  13: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  14: Università degli Studi di Padova, Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali “Giuseppe Colombo” (CISAS), via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy  15: Aerospace Engineering, Technical University, Delft, The Netherlands  16: Space Science & Planetology, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland  17: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2143, USA  18: Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, Space Sciences Building Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 130, p80; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Magnetosphere; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: GAS giants; Subject Term: PLANETARY surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: ESA's Cosmic Vision Medium class size call; Author-Supplied Keyword: In situ measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Probe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Company/Entity: EUROPEAN Space Agency Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.pss.2015.06.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117709781&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Khorasgani, Hamed
AU  - Biswas, Gautam
AU  - Sankararaman, Shankar
T1  - Methodologies for system-level remaining useful life prediction.
JO  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
JF  - Reliability Engineering & System Safety
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 154
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 18
SN  - 09518320
AB  - While most prognostics approaches focus on accurate computation of the degradation rate and the remaining useful life (RUL) of individual components, it is the rate at which the performance of subsystems and systems degrade that is of greater interest to the operators and maintenance personnel of these systems. We develop a comprehensive methodology for system-level prognostics under different forms of uncertainty in this paper. Our approach combines an estimation scheme with a prediction scheme to compute the RUL as a stochastic distribution over the life of the system. We compare two prediction methods: (1) stochastic simulation and (2) the inverse first order reliability method (inverse-FORM). We compare the computational complexity and the accuracy of the two approaches using a case study of a system with several degrading components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Reliability Engineering & System Safety is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RELIABILITY (Engineering)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL complexity
KW  - STOCHASTIC models
KW  - PREDICTION theory
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - ARIMA auto regressive integrated moving average
KW  - CDF cumulative distribution function
KW  - EKF extended Kalman filters
KW  - EOL end of life
KW  - Estimation and prediction algorithms
KW  - First order reliability method
KW  - FORM first-order reliability method
KW  - FOSM first-order second moment method
KW  - LSE least squares estimation
KW  - MPP most probable point
KW  - Particle filters
KW  - PCs possible conflicts
KW  - PDF probability density function
KW  - PF particle filtering
KW  - Remaining useful life (RUL)
KW  - RUL remaining useful life
KW  - SIR sampling importance resampling
KW  - Stochastic simulation
KW  - System-level prognostics
KW  - Uncertainty effects
KW  - UT unscented transform
N1  - Accession Number: 116963432; Khorasgani, Hamed 1; Email Address: hamed.g.khorasgani@vanderbilt.edu Biswas, Gautam 1 Sankararaman, Shankar 2; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Software-Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University, USA  2: SGT Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 154, p8; Subject Term: RELIABILITY (Engineering); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL complexity; Subject Term: STOCHASTIC models; Subject Term: PREDICTION theory; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: ARIMA auto regressive integrated moving average; Author-Supplied Keyword: CDF cumulative distribution function; Author-Supplied Keyword: EKF extended Kalman filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: EOL end of life; Author-Supplied Keyword: Estimation and prediction algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: First order reliability method; Author-Supplied Keyword: FORM first-order reliability method; Author-Supplied Keyword: FOSM first-order second moment method; Author-Supplied Keyword: LSE least squares estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: MPP most probable point; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particle filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: PCs possible conflicts; Author-Supplied Keyword: PDF probability density function; Author-Supplied Keyword: PF particle filtering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remaining useful life (RUL); Author-Supplied Keyword: RUL remaining useful life; Author-Supplied Keyword: SIR sampling importance resampling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stochastic simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: System-level prognostics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: UT unscented transform; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ress.2016.05.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116963432&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Koltunov, Alexander
AU  - Ustin, Susan L.
AU  - Quayle, Brad
AU  - Schwind, Brian
AU  - Ambrosia, Vincent G.
AU  - Li, Wei
T1  - The development and first validation of the GOES Early Fire Detection (GOES-EFD) algorithm.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 184
M3  - Article
SP  - 436
EP  - 453
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Decades of successful active fire mapping from space, have led to global informational products of growing importance to scientific community and operational agencies. In contrast, detecting fires from space faster than current conventional capabilities in the continental U.S. has not been considered attainable, except in remote, sparsely populated areas. We present a research prototype version of the GOES Early Fire Detection (GOES-EFD) algorithm focused on minimizing the time to first detection of a wildfire incident. The algorithm is designed for regional-scale surveillance and combines multitemporal anomaly tests developed in our previous work, contextual hot-spot tests, and dynamic event classification and tracking. The GOES-EFD version 0.4 was initially tested with 40-day summer 2006 data over central California. The algorithm identified most of large (final size > 2 ha) wildfires within 30 min and 31% of the wildfires were detected before they were reported by the public. Under identical operation conditions, GOES-EFD 0.4 provided quicker initial detection than the temporally filtered operational WF-ABBA algorithm (version 6.1) and committed fewer false alarms. There is a substantial potential for further reducing detection latency and increasing reliability. Following the ongoing optimizations, tests, and integration in collaboration with the fire management agencies and first responders, GOES-EFD could be deployed for regional scale real-time surveillance to complement existing fire identification methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIRE management
KW  - WILDFIRES
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - FALSE alarms
KW  - ABI [GOES-R] Advanced Baseline Imager
KW  - BT 11 brightness temperature in GOES band 4 (~ 11 μm)
KW  - BT 4 brightness temperature in GOES band 2 (~ 4 μm)
KW  - BT brightness temperature
KW  - c.c. connected component
KW  - DDM Dynamic Detection Model
KW  - Detection timeliness
KW  - Early wildfire detection
KW  - EFD early fire detection
KW  - Fire detection
KW  - Fire monitoring
KW  - Geostationary
KW  - GOES Early Fire Detection
KW  - GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites
KW  - GOES-EFD
KW  - GOES-EFD GOES Early Fire Detection
KW  - GVAR GOES VARiable [format]
KW  - IADC Iterative Anomaly Detection and Classification
KW  - INR [GOES] Image Navigation and Registration
KW  - MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer
KW  - OCM Operational Cloud Masking
KW  - RCD Retrospective Cloud Detection
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellite
KW  - SCD Single-Frame Cloud Detection
KW  - TIR thermal infrared
KW  - VIIRS Visible Infrared Imager and Radiometer Suite
KW  - WF-ABBA Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm
KW  - Wildfire
KW  - Wildfire detection
KW  - GOES (Meteorological satellite)
N1  - Accession Number: 118025263; Koltunov, Alexander 1; Email Address: akoltunov@ucdavis.edu Ustin, Susan L. 1 Quayle, Brad 2 Schwind, Brian 2 Ambrosia, Vincent G. 3 Li, Wei 1,4; Affiliation:  1: Center for Spatial Technologies and Remote Sensing, University of California, Davis, Veihmeyer Hall, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA  2: USDA Forest Service, Remote Sensing Applications Center (RSAC), 2222 West 2300 South, Salt Lake City, UT 84119, USA  3: California State University – Monterey Bay, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 184, p436; Subject Term: FIRE management; Subject Term: WILDFIRES; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: FALSE alarms; Author-Supplied Keyword: ABI [GOES-R] Advanced Baseline Imager; Author-Supplied Keyword: BT 11 brightness temperature in GOES band 4 (~ 11 μm); Author-Supplied Keyword: BT 4 brightness temperature in GOES band 2 (~ 4 μm); Author-Supplied Keyword: BT brightness temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: c.c. connected component; Author-Supplied Keyword: DDM Dynamic Detection Model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Detection timeliness; Author-Supplied Keyword: Early wildfire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: EFD early fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fire monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geostationary; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES Early Fire Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES-EFD; Author-Supplied Keyword: GOES-EFD GOES Early Fire Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: GVAR GOES VARiable [format]; Author-Supplied Keyword: IADC Iterative Anomaly Detection and Classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: INR [GOES] Image Navigation and Registration; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: OCM Operational Cloud Masking; Author-Supplied Keyword: RCD Retrospective Cloud Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: SCD Single-Frame Cloud Detection; Author-Supplied Keyword: TIR thermal infrared; Author-Supplied Keyword: VIIRS Visible Infrared Imager and Radiometer Suite; Author-Supplied Keyword: WF-ABBA Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wildfire detection; Company/Entity: GOES (Meteorological satellite); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118025263&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Duvall, Rachelle M.
AU  - Long, Russell W.
AU  - Beaver, Melinda R.
AU  - Kronmiller, Keith G.
AU  - Wheeler, Michael L.
AU  - Szykman, James J.
T1  - Performance Evaluation and Community Application of Low-Cost Sensors for Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide.
JO  - Sensors (14248220)
JF  - Sensors (14248220)
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 16
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
SN  - 14248220
AB  - This study reports on the performance of electrochemical-based low-cost sensors and their use in a community application. CairClip sensors were collocated with federal reference and equivalent methods and operated in a network of sites by citizen scientists (community members) in Houston, Texas and Denver, Colorado, under the umbrella of the NASA-led DISCOVER-AQ Earth Venture Mission. Measurements were focused on ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The performance evaluation showed that the CairClip O3/NO2 sensor provided a consistent measurement response to that of reference monitors (r² = 0.79 in Houston; r² = 0.72 in Denver) whereas the CairClip NO2 sensor measurements showed no agreement to reference measurements. The CairClip O3/NO2 sensor data from the citizen science sites compared favorably to measurements at nearby reference monitoring sites. This study provides important information on data quality from low-cost sensor technologies and is one of few studies that reports sensor data collected directly by citizen scientists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors (14248220) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors
KW  - NITROGEN dioxide
KW  - OZONE
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
KW  - CITIZEN science
KW  - HOUSTON (Tex.)
KW  - citizen science
KW  - electrochemical sensor
KW  - low-cost sensors
KW  - nitrogen dioxide
KW  - ozone
KW  - performance evaluation
N1  - Accession Number: 119145713; Duvall, Rachelle M. 1; Email Address: duvall.rachelle@epa.gov Long, Russell W. 1; Email Address: long.russell@epa.gov Beaver, Melinda R. 2; Email Address: beaver.melinda@epa.gov Kronmiller, Keith G. 3; Email Address: kronmiller.keith@epa.gov Wheeler, Michael L. 3; Email Address: wheeler.michael@epa.gov Szykman, James J. 1,4; Email Address: james.j.szykman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA  2: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA  3: Jacobs Technology Inc., 600William Northern Boulevard, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, 11 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 16 Issue 10, p1; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors; Subject Term: NITROGEN dioxide; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Subject Term: CITIZEN science; Subject Term: HOUSTON (Tex.); Author-Supplied Keyword: citizen science; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrochemical sensor; Author-Supplied Keyword: low-cost sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: nitrogen dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: performance evaluation; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/s16101698
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119145713&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - GORDON, PETER V.
AU  - HEGDE, UDAY G.
AU  - HICKS, MICHAEL C.
AU  - KULIS, MICHAEL J.
T1  - ON AUTOIGNITION OF CO-FLOW LAMINAR JETS.
JO  - SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics
JF  - SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 76
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2081
EP  - 2098
SN  - 00361399
AB  - This paper is concerned with the derivation and mathematical analysis of a model for autoignition of laminar co-ow jets. Such jets consist of two parts: an inner part with oxidizer that is surrounded by an outer part with fuel, or the reverse. To derive a model we use a combination of Burke-Schumann theory of diffusion ames and Semenov-Frank-Kamenerskii theory of thermal explosion. The main advantage of our model is that it gives a well-defined condition for autoignition of a jet. We provide detailed analysis of the model that reveals dependency of the autoignition position on principal physical and geometric parameters involved. Moreover, we give explicit expressions for autoignition position in asymptotic regimes relevant to applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics is the property of Society for Industrial & Applied Mathematics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - LAMINAR flow
KW  - OXIDIZING agents
KW  - PARAMETER estimation
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - autoignition
KW  - blow-up
KW  - diffusion flames
KW  - heat equation
KW  - hydrothermal flames
KW  - thermal runaway
N1  - Accession Number: 119490845; GORDON, PETER V. 1; Email Address: pgordon@uakron.edu HEGDE, UDAY G. 2; Email Address: uday.g.hegde@nasa.gov HICKS, MICHAEL C. 3; Email Address: michael.c.hicks@nasa.gov KULIS, MICHAEL J. 3; Email Address: michael.j.kulis@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325  2: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleve-land, OH 44106  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 76 Issue 5, p2081; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: LAMINAR flow; Subject Term: OXIDIZING agents; Subject Term: PARAMETER estimation; Subject Term: HEAT equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: autoignition; Author-Supplied Keyword: blow-up; Author-Supplied Keyword: diffusion flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: heat equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: hydrothermal flames; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal runaway; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1137/16M1073017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119490845&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cramer, Nick
AU  - Swei, Sean Shan-Min
AU  - Cheung, Kenneth C.
AU  - Teodorescu, Mircea
T1  - Extended discrete-time transfer matrix approach to modeling and decentralized control of lattice-based structures.
JO  - Structural Control & Health Monitoring
JF  - Structural Control & Health Monitoring
Y1  - 2016/10//
VL  - 23
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 1256
EP  - 1272
SN  - 15452255
AB  - This paper presents the modeling and control of an aircraft wing structure constructed by lattice-based cellular materials/components. A novel model reduction process is proposed that utilizes the extended discrete-time transfer matrix method (E-DT-TMM). Through recursive application of the E-DT-TMM, an effective reduced-order model can be obtained in which a decentralized discrete-time linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller can be designed. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed concept, a prototype wing structure is studied. The analysis and simulation results show that the performance of the proposed E-DT-TMM based decentralized LQR controller is comparable with that of the full-state continuous LQR controller. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Structural Control & Health Monitoring is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction
KW  - STRUCTURAL dynamics
KW  - TRANSFER matrix
KW  - LATTICE theory
KW  - FLIGHT control
KW  - decentralized control
KW  - discrete time
KW  - LQR
KW  - structural control
KW  - transfer matrix method
N1  - Accession Number: 117870704; Cramer, Nick 1 Swei, Sean Shan-Min 2 Cheung, Kenneth C. 3 Teodorescu, Mircea 1; Affiliation:  1: Baskin School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz  2: Intelligent Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center  3: Office of the Center Chief Technologist, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 23 Issue 10, p1256; Subject Term: AIRPLANE wings -- Design & construction; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL dynamics; Subject Term: TRANSFER matrix; Subject Term: LATTICE theory; Subject Term: FLIGHT control; Author-Supplied Keyword: decentralized control; Author-Supplied Keyword: discrete time; Author-Supplied Keyword: LQR; Author-Supplied Keyword: structural control; Author-Supplied Keyword: transfer matrix method; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/stc.1837
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117870704&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marrero, Josette E.
AU  - Townsend-Small, Amy
AU  - Lyon, David R.
AU  - Tsai, Tracy R.
AU  - Meinardi, Simone
AU  - Blake, Donald R.
T1  - Estimating Emissions of Toxic Hydrocarbons from Natural Gas Production Sites in the Barnett Shale Region of Northern Texas.
JO  - Environmental Science & Technology
JF  - Environmental Science & Technology
Y1  - 2016/10/04/
VL  - 50
IS  - 19
M3  - Article
SP  - 10756
EP  - 10764
SN  - 0013936X
AB  - Oil and natural gas operations have continued to expand and move closer to densely populated areas, contributing to growing public concerns regarding exposure to hazardous air pollutants. During the Barnett Shale Coordinated Campaign in October, 2013, ground-based whole air samples collected downwind of oil and gas sites revealed enhancements in several potentially toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when compared to background values. Molar emissions ratios relative to methane were determined for hexane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX compounds). Using methane leak rates measured from the Picarro mobile flux plane (MFP) system and a Barnett Shale regional methane emissions inventory, the rates of emission of these toxic gases were calculated. Benzene emissions ranged between 51 ± 4 and 60 ± 4 kg h-1. Hexane, the most abundantly emitted pollutant, ranged from 642 ± 45 to 1070 ± 340 kg h-1. While observed hydrocarbon enhancements fall below federal workplace standards, results may indicate a link between emissions from oil and natural gas operations and concerns about exposure to hazardous air pollutants. The larger public health risks associated with the production and distribution of natural gas are of particular importance and warrant further investigation, particularly as the use of natural gas increases in the United States and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Science & Technology is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS -- Environmental aspects
KW  - NATURAL gas
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
KW  - AIR pollutants
KW  - TEXAS -- Environmental conditions
N1  - Accession Number: 119084679; Marrero, Josette E. 1; Email Address: josette.e.marrero@nasa.gov Townsend-Small, Amy 2 Lyon, David R. 3 Tsai, Tracy R. 4 Meinardi, Simone 5 Blake, Donald R. 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  2: Department of Geology and Geography, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States  3: Environmental Defense Fund, Austin, Texas 78701, United States  4: Picarro, Inc., Santa Clara, California 95054, United States  5: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States; Source Info: 10/4/2016, Vol. 50 Issue 19, p10756; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: NATURAL gas; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Subject Term: AIR pollutants; Subject Term: TEXAS -- Environmental conditions; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221210 Natural Gas Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 486210 Pipeline Transportation of Natural Gas; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.est.6b02827
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119084679&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fortenberry, Ryan C.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
AU  - Francisco, Joseph S.
T1  - Quantum Chemical Analysis of the CO-HNN+ Proton-Bound Complex.
JO  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
JF  - Journal of Physical Chemistry A
Y1  - 2016/10/06/
VL  - 120
IS  - 39
M3  - Article
SP  - 7745
EP  - 7752
SN  - 10895639
AB  - Proton-bound complexes produce exceptionally bright vibrational modes for stretches involving the hydrogen atom. Binding a proton between various arrangements of N2 and carbon monoxide molecules is known to produce such behavior, and there are four distinct structures involving N2, CO, and a proton. The problem arises in that all four have the same mass and are, consequently, extremely difficult, if not impossible, to resolve experimentally. Fortunately, quantum chemical predictions have produced accurate descriptions of this bright mode and other spectral features for OCHCO+, NNHNN+, and NN-HCO+. The last of this family to be analyzed is CO-HNN+, which is done here. Utilizing high-level coupled cluster computations and quartic force fields, the bright vibrational mode of CO-HNN+ is shown to shift to the red, and the C-O bond is destabilized in this arrangement as opposed to the lower-energy NN-HCO+ isomer studied previously. Furthermore, the 1.87 D center-of-mass dipole moment, spectroscopic constants, and other anharmonic fundamental frequencies and intensities are produced for CO-HNN+ to assist in definitive experimental and even astrochemical classification of this and the other three related mass-57 proton-bound complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Physical Chemistry A is the property of American Chemical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM chemistry
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - PROTONS
KW  - COMPLEX compounds
KW  - HYDROGEN atom
KW  - ISOMERS
N1  - Accession Number: 118665526; Fortenberry, Ryan C. 1; Email Address: rfortenberry@georgiasouthern.edu Lee, Timothy J. 2 Francisco, Joseph S. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia 30460, United States  2: MS 245-1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, United States  3: Department of Chemistry, University of NebraskaLincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 120 Issue 39, p7745; Subject Term: QUANTUM chemistry; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: PROTONS; Subject Term: COMPLEX compounds; Subject Term: HYDROGEN atom; Subject Term: ISOMERS; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b07515
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benjamin J. Fulton
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Lauren M. Weiss
AU  - Evan Sinukoff
AU  - Erik A. Petigura
AU  - Howard Isaacson
AU  - Lea Hirsch
AU  - Geoffrey W. Marcy
AU  - Gregory W. Henry
AU  - Samuel K. Grunblatt
AU  - Daniel Huber
AU  - Kaspar von Braun
AU  - Tabetha S. Boyajian
AU  - Stephen R. Kane
AU  - Justin Wittrock
AU  - Elliott P. Horch
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Steve B. Howell
AU  - Jason T. Wright
AU  - Eric B. Ford
T1  - THREE TEMPERATE NEPTUNES ORBITING NEARBY STARS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/10/
VL  - 830
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery of three modestly irradiated, roughly Neptune-mass planets orbiting three nearby Solar-type stars. HD 42618 b has a minimum mass of 15.4 ± 2.4 , a semimajor axis of 0.55 au, an equilibrium temperature of 337 K, and is the first planet discovered to orbit the solar analogue host star, HD 42618. We also discover new planets orbiting the known exoplanet host stars HD 164922 and HD 143761 (ρ CrB). The new planet orbiting HD 164922 has a minimum mass of 12.9 ± 1.6 and orbits interior to the previously known Jovian mass planet orbiting at 2.1 au. HD 164922 c has a semimajor axis of 0.34 au and an equilibrium temperature of 418 K. HD 143761 c orbits with a semimajor axis of 0.44 au, has a minimum mass of 25 ± 2 , and is the warmest of the three new planets with an equilibrium temperature of 445 K. It orbits exterior to the previously known warm Jupiter in the system. A transit search using space-based CoRoT data and ground-based photometry from the Automated Photometric Telescopes (APTs) at Fairborn Observatory failed to detect any transits, but the precise, high-cadence APT photometry helped to disentangle planetary-reflex motion from stellar activity. These planets were discovered as part of an ongoing radial velocity survey of bright, nearby, chromospherically inactive stars using the Automated Planet Finder (APF) telescope at Lick Observatory. The high-cadence APF data combined with nearly two decades of radial velocity data from Keck Observatory and gives unprecedented sensitivity to both short-period low-mass, and long-period intermediate-mass planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - NEPTUNE (Planet)
KW  - STARS
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - GAS giants
N1  - Accession Number: 118707688; Benjamin J. Fulton 1,2; Email Address: bfulton@hawaii.edu Andrew W. Howard 1 Lauren M. Weiss 3,4 Evan Sinukoff 1,5 Erik A. Petigura 6,7 Howard Isaacson 3 Lea Hirsch 3 Geoffrey W. Marcy 3 Gregory W. Henry 8 Samuel K. Grunblatt 1 Daniel Huber 9,10,11 Kaspar von Braun 12 Tabetha S. Boyajian 13 Stephen R. Kane 14 Justin Wittrock 14 Elliott P. Horch 15 David R. Ciardi 16 Steve B. Howell 17 Jason T. Wright 18,19 Eric B. Ford 18,19; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai‘i, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow.  3: Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA  4: Ken and Gloria Levy Graduate Student Research Fellow.  5: Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Graduate Student Fellow.  6: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  7: Hubble Fellow.  8: Center of Excellence in Information Systems, Tennessee State University, 3500 John A. Merritt Blvd., Box 9501, Nashville, TN 37209, USA  9: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  10: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  11: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  12: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  13: Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA  14: Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  15: Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA  16: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech, MS 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  17: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  18: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  19: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Source Info: 10/10/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: NEPTUNE (Planet); Subject Term: STARS; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: GAS giants; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/1/46
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118707688&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stephen R. Kane
AU  - Michelle L. Hill
AU  - James F. Kasting
AU  - Ravi Kumar Kopparapu
AU  - Elisa V. Quintana
AU  - Thomas Barclay
AU  - Natalie M. Batalha
AU  - William J. Borucki
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Nader Haghighipour
AU  - Natalie R. Hinkel
AU  - Lisa Kaltenegger
AU  - Franck Selsis
AU  - Guillermo Torres
T1  - A CATALOG OF KEPLER HABITABLE ZONE EXOPLANET CANDIDATES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/10/
VL  - 830
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The NASA Kepler mission ha s discovered thousands of new planetary candidates, many of which have been confirmed through follow-up observations. A primary goal of the mission is to determine the occurrence rate of terrestrial-size planets within the Habitable Zone (HZ) of their host stars. Here we provide a list of HZ exoplanet candidates from the Kepler Q1–Q17 Data Release 24 data-vetting process. This work was undertaken as part of the Kepler HZ Working Group. We use a variety of criteria regarding HZ boundaries and planetary sizes to produce complete lists of HZ candidates, including a catalog of 104 candidates within the optimistic HZ and 20 candidates with radii less than two Earth radii within the conservative HZ. We cross-match our HZ candidates with the stellar properties and confirmed planet properties from Data Release 25 to provide robust stellar parameters and candidate dispositions. We also include false-positive probabilities recently calculated by Morton et al. for each of the candidates within our catalogs to aid in their validation. Finally, we performed dynamical analysis simulations for multi-planet systems that contain candidates with radii less than two Earth radii as a step toward validation of those systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETS
KW  - HABITABLE zone (Outer space)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 118707683; Stephen R. Kane 1; Email Address: skane@sfsu.edu Michelle L. Hill 1 James F. Kasting 2 Ravi Kumar Kopparapu 3 Elisa V. Quintana 4 Thomas Barclay 4 Natalie M. Batalha 4 William J. Borucki 4 David R. Ciardi 5 Nader Haghighipour 6 Natalie R. Hinkel 1,7 Lisa Kaltenegger 8 Franck Selsis 9 Guillermo Torres 10; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA  2: Department of Geosciences, Penn State University, 443 Deike Building, University Park, PA 16802, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Mail Stop 699.0 Building 34, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech, MS 100-22, 770 South Wilson Avenue, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  6: University of Hawaii-Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  7: School of Earth & Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  8: Carl Sagan Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA  9: Laboratoire d’astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, B18N, allée Geoffroy Saint- Hilaire, 33615 Pessac, France  10: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 10/10/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: PLANETS; Subject Term: HABITABLE zone (Outer space); Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: OUTER space; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/1/1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118707683&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gheller, C.
AU  - Vazza, F.
AU  - Brüggen, M.
AU  - Alpaslan, M.
AU  - Holwerda, B. W.
AU  - Hopkins, A. M.
AU  - Liske, J.
T1  - Evolution of cosmic filaments and of their galaxy population from MHD cosmological simulations.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/10/11/
VL  - 462
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 448
EP  - 463
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Despite containing about a half of the total matter in the Universe, at most wavelengths the filamentary structure of the cosmic web is difficult to observe. In this work, we use large unigrid cosmological simulations to investigate how the geometrical, thermodynamical and magnetic properties of cosmological filaments vary with mass and redshift (z ≤ 1). We find that the average temperature, length, volume and magnetic field of filaments scales well with their total mass. This reflects the role of self-gravity in shaping their properties and enables statistical predictions of their observational properties based on their mass. We also focus on the properties of the simulated population of galaxy-sized haloes within filaments, and compare their properties to the results obtained from the spectroscopic GAMA survey. Simulated and observed filaments with the same length are found to contain an equal number of galaxies, with very similar distribution of masses. The total number of galaxies within each filament and the total/average stellar mass in galaxies can now be used to predict also the large-scale properties of the gas in the host filaments across tens or hundreds of Mpc in scale. These results are the first steps towards the future use of galaxy catalogues in order to select the best targets for observations of the warm-hot intergalactic medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - GALACTIC evolution
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - THERMODYNAMICS
KW  - intergalactic medium
KW  - large-scale structure of Universe
KW  - methods: numerical
N1  - Accession Number: 117763296; Gheller, C. 1; Email Address: cgheller@cscs.ch Vazza, F. 2,3; Email Address: franco.vazza@hs.uni-hamburg.de Brüggen, M. 2 Alpaslan, M. 4 Holwerda, B. W. 5 Hopkins, A. M. 6 Liske, J. 2; Affiliation:  1: ETHZ-CSCS, Via Trevano 131, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland  2: Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany  3: INAF-Istituto di Radio Astronomia, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy  4: NASA Ames Research Center, N232, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  5: University of Leiden, Sterrenwacht Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands  6: Australian Astronomical Observatory PO Box 915, North Ryde NSW 1670, Australia; Source Info: 10/11/2016, Vol. 462 Issue 1, p448; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: GALACTIC evolution; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: intergalactic medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale structure of Universe; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: numerical; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw1595
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117763296&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ma, Wenping
AU  - Jacobs, Gary
AU  - Sparks, Dennis E.
AU  - Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S.
AU  - Yen, Chia H.
AU  - Davis, Burtron H.
T1  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and water gas shift kinetics for a precipitated iron catalyst.
JO  - Catalysis Today
JF  - Catalysis Today
Y1  - 2016/10/15/
VL  - 275
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 58
SN  - 09205861
AB  - A large number of kinetic data points (83 sets) was obtained over a wide range of CO conversion (7–90%), pressure (1.3–2.5 MPa) and H 2 /CO ratio (0.67–1.5) with an iron catalyst (100 Fe/5.1 Si/1.25 K). The kinetics of the catalyst in the low (X CO < 70%) and high conversion (X CO > 70%) regions were studied separately. Twenty six Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) and water gas shift (WGS) kinetic models were tested and discriminated. Water and CO 2 inhibition was evaluated. While all thirteen FTS models gave a satisfactory fit, the new FTS models that included CO 2 inhibition surpassed the others. Water inhibition of the FTS rate was insignificant over both low and high conversion ranges. For the WGS kinetics of the iron catalyst, a newly constructed empirical model and one from the literature provided the best fits of the WGS rates, while nine mechanistic models and one power law WGS model were unable to satisfactorily fit the WGS kinetic data. Water did not significantly limit the WGS rate and CO 2 only inhibited the rate at high CO conversions. The equations obtained for the low and high CO conversion ranges varied greatly. The errors for the models for 85% of the FTS and WGS data points were less than 10%, and the errors of the remaining points fell in the range of 10–15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Catalysis Today is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER gas shift reactions
KW  - FISCHER-Tropsch process
KW  - IRON catalysts
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - REACTION mechanisms (Chemistry)
KW  - CO 2 inhibition
KW  - Fe catalyst
KW  - Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
KW  - Kinetics
KW  - Water gas shift reaction
KW  - Water inhibition
N1  - Accession Number: 117555452; Ma, Wenping 1 Jacobs, Gary 1 Sparks, Dennis E. 1 Klettlinger, Jennifer L.S. 2 Yen, Chia H. 2 Davis, Burtron H. 1; Email Address: burtron.davis@uky.edu; Affiliation:  1: Center for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 275, p49; Subject Term: WATER gas shift reactions; Subject Term: FISCHER-Tropsch process; Subject Term: IRON catalysts; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: REACTION mechanisms (Chemistry); Author-Supplied Keyword: CO 2 inhibition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fe catalyst; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fischer–Tropsch synthesis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water gas shift reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water inhibition; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cattod.2016.01.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117555452&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sehlke, Alexander
AU  - Whittington, Alan G.
T1  - The viscosity of planetary tholeiitic melts: A configurational entropy model.
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2016/10/15/
VL  - 191
M3  - Article
SP  - 277
EP  - 299
SN  - 00167037
AB  - The viscosity ( η ) of silicate melts is a fundamental physical property controlling mass transfer in magmatic systems. Viscosity can span many orders of magnitude, strongly depending on temperature and composition. Several models are available that describe this dependency for terrestrial melts quite well. Planetary basaltic lavas however are distinctly different in composition, being dominantly alkali-poor, iron-rich and/or highly magnesian. We measured the viscosity of 20 anhydrous tholeiitic melts, of which 15 represent known or estimated surface compositions of Mars, Mercury, the Moon, Io and Vesta, by concentric cylinder and parallel plate viscometry. The planetary basalts span a viscosity range of 2 orders of magnitude at liquidus temperatures and 4 orders of magnitude near the glass transition, and can be more or less viscous than terrestrial lavas. We find that current models under- and overestimate superliquidus viscosities by up to 2 orders of magnitude for these compositions, and deviate even more strongly from measured viscosities toward the glass transition. We used the Adam–Gibbs theory (A–G) to relate viscosity ( η ) to absolute temperature ( T ) and the configurational entropy of the system at that temperature ( S conf ), which is in the form of log η = A e + B e / TS conf . Heat capacities ( C P ) for glasses and liquids of our investigated compositions were calculated via available literature models. We show that the A–G theory is applicable to model the viscosity of individual complex tholeiitic melts containing 10 or more major oxides as well or better than the commonly used empirical equations. We successfully modeled the global viscosity data set using a constant A e of −3.34 ± 0.22 log units and 12 adjustable sub-parameters, which capture the compositional and temperature dependence on melt viscosity. Seven sub-parameters account for the compositional dependence of B e and 5 for S conf . Our model reproduces the 496 measured viscosity data points with a 1σ root-mean-square deviation (rmsd) of 0.12 log units across 13 orders of measured melt viscosity. The model performed well in predicting the viscosity of lunar and martian melts not used in calibration, and should be used to calculate lava flow velocities and fluxes for anhydrous basaltic volcanism on other moons and planets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - THOLEIITE
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - SILICATES
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - GLASS transitions
KW  - Configurational entropy
KW  - Lava
KW  - Planetary volcanism
KW  - Silicate melt
KW  - Tholeiitic basalt
KW  - Viscosity
N1  - Accession Number: 117736285; Sehlke, Alexander 1,2; Email Address: Alexander.Sehlke@nasa.gov Whittington, Alan G. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 191, p277; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: THOLEIITE; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: SILICATES; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: GLASS transitions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Configurational entropy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lava; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary volcanism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicate melt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tholeiitic basalt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscosity; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.07.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117736285&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilcox, Eric M.
AU  - Thomas, Rick M.
AU  - Praveen, Puppala S.
AU  - Pistone, Kristina
AU  - Bender, Frida A.-M.
AU  - Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
T1  - Black carbon solar absorption suppresses turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2016/10/18/
VL  - 113
IS  - 42
M3  - Article
SP  - 11794
EP  - 11799
SN  - 00278424
AB  - The introduction of cloud condensation nuclei and radiative heating by sunlight-absorbing aerosols can modify the thickness and coverage of low clouds, yielding significant radiative forcing of climate. The magnitude and sign of changes in cloud coverage and depth in response to changing aerosols are impacted by turbulent dynamics of the cloudy atmosphere, but integrated measurements of aerosol solar absorption and turbulent fluxes have not been reported thus far. Here we report such integrated measurements made from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) during the CARDEX (Cloud Aerosol Radiative Forcing and Dynamics Experiment) investigation conducted over the northern Indian Ocean. The UAV and surface data reveal a reduction in turbulent kinetic energy in the surface mixed layer at the base of the atmosphere concurrent with an increase in absorbing black carbon aerosols. Polluted conditions coincide with a warmer and shallower surface mixed layer because of aerosol radiative heating and reduced turbulence. The polluted surface mixed layer was also observed to be more humid with higher relative humidity. Greater humidity enhances cloud development, as evidenced by polluted clouds that penetrate higher above the top of the surface mixed layer. Reduced entrainment of dry air into the surface layer from above the inversion capping the surface mixed layer, due to weaker turbulence, may contribute to higher relative humidity in the surface layer during polluted conditions. Measurements of turbulence are important for studies of aerosol effects on clouds. Moreover, reduced turbulence can exacerbate both the human health impacts of high concentrations of fine particles and conditions favorable for low-visibility fog events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - DRONE aircraft
KW  - aerosols
KW  - atmospheric turbulence
KW  - autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles
KW  - cloud cover
KW  - radiative forcing
N1  - Accession Number: 118953392; Wilcox, Eric M. 1; Email Address: Eric.Wilcox@dri.edu Thomas, Rick M. 2,3; Email Address: r.thomas@bham.ac.uk Praveen, Puppala S. 2,4 Pistone, Kristina 2,5 Bender, Frida A.-M. 6,7 Ramanathan, Veerabhadran 2; Email Address: vramanathan@ucsd.edu; Affiliation:  1: Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV 89512  2: Center for Clouds, Chemistry and Climate, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093  3: School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom  4: International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, Kathmandu, Nepal  5: Ames Research Center, Universities Space Research Association, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Moffett Field, CA 94035  6: Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden  7: Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden; Source Info: 10/18/2016, Vol. 113 Issue 42, p11794; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: DRONE aircraft; Author-Supplied Keyword: aerosols; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmospheric turbulence; Author-Supplied Keyword: autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud cover; Author-Supplied Keyword: radiative forcing; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1525746113
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118953392&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jasmin Robert
AU  - Jonathan Gagné
AU  - Étienne Artigau
AU  - David Lafrenière
AU  - Daniel Nadeau
AU  - René Doyon
AU  - Lison Malo
AU  - Loïc Albert
AU  - Corinne Simard
AU  - Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi
AU  - Adam J. Burgasser
T1  - A BROWN DWARF CENSUS FROM THE SIMP SURVEY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/20/
VL  - 830
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have conducted a near-infrared (NIR) proper motion survey, the Sondage Infrarouge de Mouvement Propre, in order to discover field ultracool dwarfs (UCD) in the solar neighborhood. The survey was conducted by imaging ∼28% of the sky with the Caméra PAnoramique Proche-InfraRouge both in the southern hemisphere at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory 1.5 m telescope, and in the northern hemisphere at the Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic 1.6 m telescope and comparing the source positions from these observations with the Two Micron All-Sky Survey Point Source Catalog (2MASS PSC). Additional color criteria were used to further discriminate unwanted astrophysical sources. We present the results of an NIR spectroscopic follow-up of 169 M, L, and T dwarfs. Among the sources discovered are 2 young field brown dwarfs, 6 unusually red M and L dwarfs, 25 unusually blue M and L dwarfs, 2 candidate unresolved L+T binaries, and 24 peculiar UCDs. Additionally, we add 9 L/T transition dwarfs (L6–T4.5) to the already known objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - CENSUS
KW  - NEAR infrared radiation
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observatories
KW  - MOTION in space
N1  - Accession Number: 118933509; Jasmin Robert 1,2,3; Email Address: jasmin@astro.umontreal.ca Jonathan Gagné 1,4,5 Étienne Artigau 1,6 David Lafrenière 1,3,6 Daniel Nadeau 1,2 René Doyon 1,6 Lison Malo 1,7 Loïc Albert 1,6 Corinne Simard 1,2 Daniella C. Bardalez Gagliuffi 8 Adam J. Burgasser 8; Affiliation:  1: Département de physique and Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  2: Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  4: Carnegie Institution of Washington. 5241 Broad Branch Road, Washington, DC 20015, USA  5: Sagan Fellow.  6: Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREx), Université de Montréal, Département de Physique, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada  7: Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope, 65-1238 Mamalahoa Hwy, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA  8: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., Mail Code 0424, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: CENSUS; Subject Term: NEAR infrared radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observatories; Subject Term: MOTION in space; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541712 Research and Development in the Physical, Engineering, and Life Sciences (except Biotechnology); NAICS/Industry Codes: 541710 Research and development in the  physical, engineering and life sciences; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/144
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118933509&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kay Hiranaka
AU  - Kelle L. Cruz
AU  - Stephanie T. Douglas
AU  - Mark S. Marley
AU  - Vivienne F. Baldassare
T1  - EXPLORING THE ROLE OF SUB-MICRON-SIZED DUST GRAINS IN THE ATMOSPHERES OF RED L0–L6 DWARFS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/20/
VL  - 830
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We examine the hypothesis that the red near-infrared colors of some L dwarfs could be explained by a “dust haze” of small particles in their upper atmospheres. This dust haze would exist in conjunction with the clouds found in dwarfs with more typical colors. We developed a model that uses Mie theory and the Hansen particle size distributions to reproduce the extinction due to the proposed dust haze. We apply our method to 23 young L dwarfs and 23 red field L dwarfs. We constrain the properties of the dust haze including particle size distribution and column density using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. We find that sub-micron-range silicate grains reproduce the observed reddening. Current brown dwarf atmosphere models include large-grain (1–100 μm) dust clouds but not sub-micron dust grains. Our results provide a strong proof of concept and motivate a combination of large and small dust grains in brown dwarf atmosphere models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAIN dust
KW  - RED dwarf stars
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - HAZE
KW  - MIE scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 118933519; Kay Hiranaka 1,2,3; Email Address: khiranak@hunter.cuny.edu Kelle L. Cruz 1,2,3,4 Stephanie T. Douglas 3,5 Mark S. Marley 6 Vivienne F. Baldassare 1,3,7; Affiliation:  1: Hunter College, Department of Physics and Astronomy, City University of New York, 695 Park Ave, New York, NY 10065, USA  2: CUNY Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA  3: American Museum of Natural History, Department of Astrophysics, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024, USA  4: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  5: Columbia University, Department of Astronomy, 550 West 120th Street, Mail Code 5246, New York, NY 10027, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, MS-245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: University of Michigan, Department of Astronomy, 1085 S. University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GRAIN dust; Subject Term: RED dwarf stars; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Subject Term: HAZE; Subject Term: MIE scattering; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/96
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118933519&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Marc J. Kuchner
AU  - Steven M. Silverberg
AU  - Alissa S. Bans
AU  - Shambo Bhattacharjee
AU  - Scott J. Kenyon
AU  - John H. Debes
AU  - Thayne Currie
AU  - Luciano García
AU  - Dawoon Jung
AU  - Chris Lintott
AU  - Michael McElwain
AU  - Deborah L. Padgett
AU  - Luisa M. Rebull
AU  - John P. Wisniewski
AU  - Erika Nesvold
AU  - Kevin Schawinski
AU  - Michelle L. Thaller
AU  - Carol A. Grady
AU  - Joseph Biggs
AU  - Milton Bosch
T1  - DISK DETECTIVE: DISCOVERY OF NEW CIRCUMSTELLAR DISK CANDIDATES THROUGH CITIZEN SCIENCE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/20/
VL  - 830
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The Disk Detective citizen science project aims to find new stars with 22 μm excess emission from circumstellar dust using data from NASA’s Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mission. Initial cuts on the AllWISE catalog provide an input catalog of 277,686 sources. Volunteers then view images of each source online in 10 different bands to identify false positives (galaxies, interstellar matter, image artifacts, etc.). Sources that survive this online vetting are followed up with spectroscopy on the FLWO Tillinghast telescope. This approach should allow us to unleash the full potential of WISE for finding new debris disks and protoplanetary disks. We announce a first list of 37 new disk candidates discovered by the project, and we describe our vetting and follow-up process. One of these systems appears to contain the first debris disk discovered around a star with a white dwarf companion: HD 74389. We also report four newly discovered classical Be stars (HD 6612, HD 7406, HD 164137, and HD 218546) and a new detection of 22 μm excess around the previously known debris disk host star HD 22128. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - CITIZEN science
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
N1  - Accession Number: 118933522; Marc J. Kuchner 1; Email Address: Marc.Kuchner@nasa.gov Steven M. Silverberg 2; Email Address: silverberg@ou.edu Alissa S. Bans 3; Email Address: alissa.s.bans@gmail.com Shambo Bhattacharjee 4; Email Address: shambo.bhattacharjee@community.isunet.edu Scott J. Kenyon 5; Email Address: skenyon@cfa.harvard.edu John H. Debes 6; Email Address: debes@stsci.edu Thayne Currie 7; Email Address: thayne.currie@gmail.com Luciano García 8; Email Address: lucianog@oac.uncor.edu Dawoon Jung 9; Email Address: dwjung@kari.re.kr Chris Lintott 10 Michael McElwain 1; Email Address: michael.w.mcelwain@nasa.gov Deborah L. Padgett 1; Email Address: deborah.l.padgett@nasa.gov Luisa M. Rebull 11; Email Address: rebull@ipac.caltech.edu John P. Wisniewski 2; Email Address: wisniewski@ou.edu Erika Nesvold 12; Email Address: enesvold@carnegiescience.edu Kevin Schawinski 13; Email Address: kevin.schawinski@phys.ethz.ch Michelle L. Thaller 14; Email Address: michelle.thaller@nasa.gov Carol A. Grady 1; Email Address: carol.a.grady@nasa.gov Joseph Biggs 15 Milton Bosch 15; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics Laboratory, Code 667 Greenbelt, MD 21230, USA  2: Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy The University of Oklahoma 440 W. Brooks St. Norman, OK 73019, USA  3: Valparaiso University, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Neils Science Center, 1610 Campus Drive East, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA  4: International Space University 1 Rue Jean-Dominique Cassini F-67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France  5: Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory 60 Garden Street Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: Space Telescope Science Institute 3700 San Martin Dr. Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  7: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 650 N A’ohokhu Place Hilo, HI 96720, USA  8: Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Laprida 854, X5000BGR, Córdoba, Argentina  9: Korea Aerospace Research Institute Lunar Exploration Program Office 169-84 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34133, Korea  10: Denys Wilkinson Building Keble Road Oxford, OX1 3RH, UK  11: Infrared Processing and Analaysis Center Caltech M/S 314-6 1200 E. California Blvd. Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  12: Department of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 5241 Broad Branch Road, NW, Washington, DC 20015-1305, USA  13: ETH Zürich Institute for Astronomy Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27 Building HIT, Floor J CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland  14: NASA Headquarters Science Mission Directorate 300 E St SW Washington, D.C. 20546, USA  15: Disk Detective.; Source Info: 10/20/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: CITIZEN science; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/84
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118933522&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matthew T. Penny
AU  - Calen B. Henderson
AU  - Christian Clanton
T1  - IS THE GALACTIC BULGE DEVOID OF PLANETS?
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/20/
VL  - 830
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We consider a sample of 31 exoplanetary systems detected by gravitational microlensing and investigate whether or not the estimated distances to these systems conform to the Galactic distribution of planets expected from models. We derive the expected distribution of distances and relative proper motions from a simulated microlensing survey, correcting for the dominant selection effects that affect the sensitivity of planet detection as a function of distance, and compare it to the observed distribution using Anderson–Darling (AD) hypothesis testing. Taking the relative abundance of planets in the bulge to that in the disk, , as a model parameter, we find that our model is consistent with the observed distribution only for (for a p-value threshold of 0.01) implying that the bulge may be devoid of planets relative to the disk. Allowing for a dependence of planet abundance on metallicity and host mass, or an additional dependence of planet sensitivity on event timescale, does not restore consistency for . We examine the distance estimates of some events in detail, and conclude that some parallax-based estimates could be significantly in error. Only by combining the removal of one problematic event from our sample and the inclusion of strong dependences of planet abundance or detection sensitivity on host mass, metallicity, and event timescale are we able to find consistency with the hypothesis that the bulge and disk have equal planet abundance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC bulges
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL lenses
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
N1  - Accession Number: 118933499; Matthew T. Penny 1,2; Email Address: penny@astronomy.ohio-state.edu Calen B. Henderson 3,4 Christian Clanton 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  2: Sagan Fellow.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: GALACTIC bulges; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL lenses; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/150
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118933499&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Orkan M. Umurhan
AU  - Karim Shariff
AU  - Jeffrey N. Cuzzi
T1  - CRITICAL LAYERS AND PROTOPLANETARY DISK TURBULENCE.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/20/
VL  - 830
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A linear analysis of the zombie vortex instability (ZVI) is performed in a stratified shearing sheet setting for three model barotropic shear flows. The linear analysis is done by utilizing a Green’s function formulation to resolve the critical layers of the associated normal-mode problem. The instability is the result of a resonant interaction between a Rossby wave and a gravity wave that we refer to as Z-modes. The associated critical layer is the location where the Doppler-shifted frequency of a distant Rossby wave equals the local Brunt–Väisälä frequency. The minimum required Rossby number for instability, , is confirmed for parameter values reported in the literature. It is also found that the shear layer supports the instability in the limit where stratification vanishes. The ZVI is examined in a jet model, finding that the instability can occur for . Nonlinear vorticity forcing due to unstable Z-modes is shown to result in the creation of a jet flow at the critical layer emerging as the result of the competition between the vertical lifting of perturbation radial vorticity and the radial transport of perturbation vertical vorticity. We find that the picture of this instability leading to a form of nonlinearly driven self-replicating pattern of creation and destruction is warranted: a parent jet spawns a growing child jet at associated critical layers. A mature child jet creates a next generation of child jets at associated critical layers of the former while simultaneously contributing to its own destruction via the Rossby wave instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC turbulence
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - BAROTROPIC equation
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - BRUNT-Vaisala frequency
KW  - ROSSBY number
KW  - ROSSBY waves
N1  - Accession Number: 118933464; Orkan M. Umurhan 1,2; Email Address: orkan.m.umurhan@nasa.gov Karim Shariff 2 Jeffrey N. Cuzzi 2; Affiliation:  1: Also at SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Way, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA.  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94053, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC turbulence; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: BAROTROPIC equation; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: BRUNT-Vaisala frequency; Subject Term: ROSSBY number; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/95
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118933464&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Roberto Peverati
AU  - Partha P. Bera
AU  - Timothy J. Lee
AU  - Martin Head-Gordon
T1  - INSIGHTS INTO HYDROCARBON CHAIN AND AROMATIC RING FORMATION IN THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM: COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF THE ISOMERS OF AND AND THEIR FORMATION PATHWAYS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/20/
VL  - 830
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Small hydrocarbons such as acetylene is present in circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich stars, but the processes that yield larger molecules, and eventually polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), remain poorly understood. To gain additional insight into the early steps of such processes, electronic structure calculations were performed on the potential energy surfaces of , and . The results establish reactive pathways from acetylene and its ion to formation of the first aromatic ring. We characterize the stable isomers, their spectroscopic properties, and many of the transition structures that represent barriers to isomerization. The pathways to stabilized and are most likely to arise from unimolecular decomposition of hot and by H atom elimination. By contrast, we found an ion-molecule pathway to to be very stable to fragmentation and elimination reactions even without collisional stabilization. This aromatic species is a good nucleation center for the growth of larger PAHs in interstellar conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - RING formation (Chemistry)
KW  - INTERSTELLAR matter
KW  - ISOMERS
KW  - UNIMOLECULAR decomposition
KW  - ELECTRONIC structure
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
N1  - Accession Number: 118933473; Roberto Peverati 1,2 Partha P. Bera 3,4 Timothy J. Lee 4 Martin Head-Gordon 1,2; Email Address: mhg@cchem.berkeley.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA  2: Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA  3: BAERI, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California, 94035, USA  4: MS 245-1 NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, California, 94035, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: RING formation (Chemistry); Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: ISOMERS; Subject Term: UNIMOLECULAR decomposition; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC structure; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/128
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118933473&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ryan M. Lau
AU  - Mansi M. Kasliwal
AU  - Howard E. Bond
AU  - Nathan Smith
AU  - Ori D. Fox
AU  - Robert Carlon
AU  - Ann Marie Cody
AU  - Carlos Contreras
AU  - Devin Dykhoff
AU  - Robert Gehrz
AU  - Eric Hsiao
AU  - Jacob Jencson
AU  - Rubab Khan
AU  - Frank Masci
AU  - L. A. G. Monard
AU  - Andrew J. Monson
AU  - Nidia Morrell
AU  - Mark Phillips
AU  - Michael E. Ressler
T1  - RISING FROM THE ASHES: MID-INFRARED RE-BRIGHTENING OF THE IMPOSTOR SN 2010da IN NGC 300.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/20/
VL  - 830
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present multi-epoch mid-infrared (IR) photometry and the optical discovery observations of the “impostor” supernova (SN) 2010da in NGC 300 using new and archival SpitzerSpace Telescope images and ground-based observatories. The mid-infrared counterpart of SN 2010da was detected as Spitzer Infrared Intensive Transient Survey (SPIRITS) 14bme in the SPIRITS, an ongoing systematic search for IR transients. Before erupting on 2010 May 24, the SN 2010da progenitor exhibited a constant mid-IR flux at 3.6 and only a slight ∼10% decrease at 4.5 μm between 2003 November and 2007 December. A sharp increase in the 3.6 μm flux followed by a rapid decrease measured ∼150 days before and ∼80 days after the initial outburst, respectively, reveal a mid-IR counterpart to the coincident optical and high luminosity X-ray outbursts. At late times, after the outburst (∼2000 days), the 3.6 and 4.5 μm emission increased to over a factor of two times the progenitor flux and is currently observed (as of 2016 Feb) to be fading, but still above the progenitor flux. We attribute the re-brightening mid-IR emission to continued dust production and increasing luminosity of the surviving system associated with SN 2010da. We analyze the evolution of the dust temperature (Td ∼ 700–1000 K), mass (Md ∼ 0.5–3.8 × 10−7M⊙), luminosity (LIR ∼ 1.3–3.5 × 104L⊙), and the equilibrium temperature radius (Req ∼ 6.4–12.2 au) in order to resolve the nature of SN 2010da. We address the leading interpretation of SN 2010da as an eruption from a luminous blue variable high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) system. We propose that SN 2010da is instead a supergiant (sg)B[e]-HMXB based on similar luminosities and dust masses exhibited by two other known sgB[e]-HMXB systems. Additionally, the SN 2010da progenitor occupies a similar region on a mid-IR color–magnitude diagram (CMD) with known sgB[e] stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. The lower limit estimated for the orbital eccentricity of the sgB[e]-HMXB (e > 0.82) from X-ray luminosity measurements is high compared to known sgHMXBs and supports the claim that SN 2010da may be associated with a newly formed HMXB system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - CIRCUMSTELLAR matter
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - MASS loss (Astrophysics)
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 118933429; Ryan M. Lau 1,2 Mansi M. Kasliwal 2 Howard E. Bond 3,4 Nathan Smith 5 Ori D. Fox 4 Robert Carlon 6 Ann Marie Cody 7 Carlos Contreras 8 Devin Dykhoff 6 Robert Gehrz 6 Eric Hsiao 9 Jacob Jencson 2 Rubab Khan 10 Frank Masci 11 L. A. G. Monard 12 Andrew J. Monson 3 Nidia Morrell 13 Mark Phillips 13 Michael E. Ressler 1; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  4: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  5: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ 85721, USA  6: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, 116 Church Street, SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Observatories, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile  9: Department of Physics, Florida State University, 77 Chieftain Way, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA  10: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, MC 665, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  11: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, M/S 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  12: Bronberg and Kleinkaroo Observatories, P.O. Box 281, Calitzdorp 6660, Western Cape, South Africa  13: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Las Campanas Observatory, Colina el Pino, Casilla 601, La Serena, Chile; Source Info: 10/20/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: CIRCUMSTELLAR matter; Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: MASS loss (Astrophysics); Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/142
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118933429&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - S. K. Leggett
AU  - Michael C. Cushing
AU  - Kevin K. Hardegree-Ullman
AU  - Jesica L. Trucks
AU  - M. S. Marley
AU  - Caroline V. Morley
AU  - D. Saumon
AU  - S. J. Carey
AU  - J. J. Fortney
AU  - C. R. Gelino
AU  - J. E. Gizis
AU  - J. D. Kirkpatrick
AU  - G. N. Mace
T1  - OBSERVED VARIABILITY AT 1 and 4 μm IN THE Y0 BROWN DWARF WISEP J173835.52+273258.9.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/10/20/
VL  - 830
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We have monitored photometrically the Y0 brown dwarf WISEP J173835.52+273258.9 (W1738) at both near- and mid-infrared wavelengths. This ≲1 Gyr old 400 K dwarf is at a distance of 8 pc and has a mass around 5 MJupiter. We observed W1738 using two near-infrared filters at λ ≈ 1 μm, Y and J, on Gemini Observatory and two mid-infrared filters at λ ≈ 4 μm, [3.6] and [4.5], on the Spitzer observatory. Twenty-four hours were spent on the source by Spitzer on each of 2013 June 30 and October 30 UT. Between these observations, around 5 hr were spent on the source by Gemini on each of 2013 July 17 and August 23 UT. The mid-infrared light curves show significant evolution between the two observations separated by 4 months. We find that a double sinusoid can be fit to the [4.5] data, where one sinusoid has a period of 6.0 ± 0.1 hr and the other a period of 3.0 ± 0.1 hr. The near-infrared observations suggest variability with a ∼3.0 hr period, although only at a ≲2σ confidence level. We interpret our results as showing that the Y dwarf has a 6.0 ± 0.1 hr rotation period, with one or more large-scale surface features being the source of variability. The peak-to-peak amplitude of the light curve at [4.5] is 3%. The amplitude of the near-infrared variability, if real, may be as high as 5%–30%. Intriguingly, this size of variability and the wavelength dependence can be reproduced by atmospheric models that include patchy KCl and Na2S clouds and associated small changes in surface temperature. The small number of large features, as well as the timescale for evolution of the features, is very similar to what is seen in the atmospheres of the solar system gas giants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - STELLAR atmospheres
KW  - GEMINI Observatory
N1  - Accession Number: 118933466; S. K. Leggett 1; Email Address: sleggett@gemini.edu Michael C. Cushing 2 Kevin K. Hardegree-Ullman 2 Jesica L. Trucks 2 M. S. Marley 3 Caroline V. Morley 4 D. Saumon 5 S. J. Carey 6 J. J. Fortney 4 C. R. Gelino 7,8 J. E. Gizis 9 J. D. Kirkpatrick 7 G. N. Mace 10; Affiliation:  1: Gemini Observatory, Northern Operations Center, 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA  2: The University of Toledo, 2801 West Bancroft Street, Mailstop 111, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, MS F663, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  6: Spitzer Science Center, CalTech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: IPAC, CalTech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, CalTech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA  10: University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Source Info: 10/20/2016, Vol. 830 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Subject Term: STELLAR atmospheres; Company/Entity: GEMINI Observatory; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/141
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118933466&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lange, Rebecca
AU  - Moffett, Amanda J.
AU  - Driver, Simon P.
AU  - Robotham, Aaron S. G.
AU  - Lagos, Claudia del P.
AU  - Kelvin, Lee S.
AU  - Conselice, Christopher
AU  - Margalef-Bentabol, Berta
AU  - Alpaslan, Mehmet
AU  - Baldry, Ivan
AU  - Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
AU  - Bremer, Malcolm
AU  - Brough, Sarah
AU  - Cluver, Michelle
AU  - Colless, Matthew
AU  - Davies, Luke J. M.
AU  - Häuβler, Boris
AU  - Holwerda, Benne W.
AU  - Hopkins, Andrew M.
AU  - Kafle, Prajwal R.
T1  - Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA):M*-Re relations of z = 0 bulges, discs and spheroids.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/10/21/
VL  - 462
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1470
EP  - 1500
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We perform automated bulge + disc decomposition on a sample of ~7500 galaxies from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey in the redshift range of 0.002 < z < 0.06 using Structural Investigation of Galaxies via Model Analysis, a wrapper around GALFIT3. To achieve robust profile measurements, we use a novel approach of repeatedly fitting the galaxies, varying the input parameters to sample a large fraction of the input parameter space. Using this method, we reduce the catastrophic failure rate significantly and verify the confidence in the fit independently of χ². Additionally, using the median of the final fitting values and the 16th and 84th percentile produces more realistic error estimates than those provided by GALFIT, which are known to be underestimated. We use the results of our decompositions to analyse the stellar mass - half-light radius relations of bulges, discs and spheroids. We further investigate the association of components with a parent disc or elliptical relation to provide definite z = 0 disc and spheroid M*-Re relations. We conclude by comparing our local disc and spheroid M*-Re to simulated data from EAGLE and high-redshift data from Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey-Ultra Deep Survey. We show the potential of using the M*-Re relation to study galaxy evolution in both cases but caution that for a fair comparison, all data sets need to be processed and analysed in the same manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC bulges
KW  - ELLIPTICAL galaxies
KW  - GALAXIES -- Red shift
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD
KW  - galaxies: formation
KW  - galaxies: fundamental parameters
KW  - galaxies: spiral
KW  - galaxies: statistics
KW  - GALAXY & Mass Assembly survey
N1  - Accession Number: 117972400; Lange, Rebecca 1; Email Address: rebecca.lange@icrar.org Moffett, Amanda J. 1 Driver, Simon P. 1,2; Email Address: simon.driver@icrar.org Robotham, Aaron S. G. 1 Lagos, Claudia del P. 1,3 Kelvin, Lee S. 4 Conselice, Christopher 5 Margalef-Bentabol, Berta 5 Alpaslan, Mehmet 6 Baldry, Ivan 4 Bland-Hawthorn, Joss 7 Bremer, Malcolm 8 Brough, Sarah 9 Cluver, Michelle 10 Colless, Matthew 11 Davies, Luke J. M. 1 Häuβler, Boris 12 Holwerda, Benne W. 13 Hopkins, Andrew M. 7 Kafle, Prajwal R. 1; Affiliation:  1: International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia, M468, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia  2: Scottish Universities' Physics Alliance (SUPA), School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, North Haugh, St. Andrews Y16 9SS, UK  3: Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), 44 Rosehill Street, Redfern, NSW2016, Australia  4: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK  5: School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK  6: NASA Ames Research Center, N232, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  7: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  8: Astrophysics Group, School of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK  9: Australian Astronomical Observatory,POBox 915, North Ryde,NSW1670, Australia  10: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa  11: Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia  12: European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile  13: University of Leiden, Sterrenwacht Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands; Source Info: 10/21/2016, Vol. 462 Issue 2, p1470; Subject Term: GALACTIC bulges; Subject Term: ELLIPTICAL galaxies; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Red shift; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: spiral; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: statistics; Company/Entity: GALAXY & Mass Assembly survey; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw1495
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117972400&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rappaport, S.
AU  - Lehmann, H.
AU  - Kalomeni, B.
AU  - Borkovits, T.
AU  - Latham, D.
AU  - Bieryla, A.
AU  - Ngo, H.
AU  - Mawet, D.
AU  - Howell, S.
AU  - Horch, E.
AU  - Jacobs, T. L.
AU  - LaCourse, D.
AU  - Sódor, Á.
AU  - Vanderburg, A.
AU  - Pavlovski, K.
T1  - A quintuple star system containing two eclipsing binaries.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/10/21/
VL  - 462
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1812
EP  - 1825
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present a quintuple star system that contains two eclipsing binaries. The unusual architecture includes two stellar images separated by 11 arcsec on the sky: EPIC 212651213 and EPIC 212651234. The more easterly image (212651213) actually hosts both eclipsing binaries which are resolved within that image at 0.09 arcsec, while the westerly image (212651234) appears to be single in adaptive optics (AO), speckle imaging, and radial velocity (RV) studies. The 'A' binary is circular with a 5.1-d period, while the 'B' binary is eccentric with a 13.1-d period. The γ velocities of the A and B binaries are different by ~10 km s-1. That, coupled with their resolved projected separation of 0.09 arcsec, indicates that the orbital period and separation of the 'C' binary (consisting of A orbiting B) are ≃65 yr and ≃25 au, respectively, under the simplifying assumption of a circular orbit. Motion within the C orbit should be discernible via future RV, AO, and speckle imaging studies within a couple of years. The C system (i.e. 212651213) has an RV and proper motion that differ from that of 212651234 by only &#126p;1.4 km s-1 and ~3 mas yr-1. This set of similar space velocities in three dimensions strongly implies that these two objects are also physically bound, making this at least a quintuple star system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ECLIPSING binaries
KW  - ADAPTIVE optics
KW  - SPECKLE interferometry
KW  - RADIAL velocity of stars
KW  - STELLAR orbits
KW  - BOUNDS (Mathematics)
KW  - binaries : close
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - binaries: general
KW  - binaries: spectroscopic
KW  - binaries: visual
N1  - Accession Number: 117972422; Rappaport, S. 1; Email Address: sar@mit.edu Lehmann, H. 2 Kalomeni, B. 1,3 Borkovits, T. 4 Latham, D. 5 Bieryla, A. 5 Ngo, H. 6 Mawet, D. 7,8 Howell, S. 9 Horch, E. 10 Jacobs, T. L. 11 LaCourse, D. 12 Sódor, Á. 13 Vanderburg, A. 5 Pavlovski, K. 14; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, and Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany  3: Department of Astronomy and Space Sciences, Ege University, 35100 İzmir, Turkey  4: Baja Astronomical Observatory of Szeged University, Szegedi út, Kt. 766, H-6500 Baja, Hungary  5: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  6: California Institute of Technology, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, 1200 E California Blvd MC 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: California Institute of Technology, Astronomy Department MC 249-17, 1200 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  9: Kepler and K2 Missions, NASA Ames Research Center, PO Box 1, M/S 244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  10: Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA  11: 12812 SE 69th Place, Bellevue, WA 98006, USA  12: 7507 52nd Place NE Marysville, WA 98270, USA  13: Konkoly Observatory, MTA CSFK, Konkoly Thege M. út 15-17, H-1121 Budapest, Hungary  14: Department of Physics, University of Zagreb, Bijenicka cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Source Info: 10/21/2016, Vol. 462 Issue 2, p1812; Subject Term: ECLIPSING binaries; Subject Term: ADAPTIVE optics; Subject Term: SPECKLE interferometry; Subject Term: RADIAL velocity of stars; Subject Term: STELLAR orbits; Subject Term: BOUNDS (Mathematics); Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries : close; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: spectroscopic; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: visual; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw1745
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117972422&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steffen, Jason H.
AU  - Coughlin, Jeffrey L.
T1  - A Population of planetary systems characterized by short-period, Earth-sized planets.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2016/10/25/
VL  - 113
IS  - 43
M3  - Article
SP  - 12023
EP  - 12028
SN  - 00278424
AB  - We analyze data from the Quarter 1-17 Data Release 24 (Q1-Q17 DR24) planet candidate catalog from NASA's Kepler mission, specifically comparing systems with single transiting planets to systems with multiple transiting planets, and identify a population of exoplanets with a necessarily distinct system architecture. Such an architecture likely indicates a different branch in their evolutionary past relative to the typical Kepler system. The key feature of these planetary systems is an isolated, Earth-sized planet with a roughly 1-d orbital period. We estimate that at least 24 of the 144 systems we examined (≳17%) are members of this population. Accounting for detection efficiency, such planetary systems occur with a frequency similar to the hot Jupiters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - PLANETARY orbits
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL transits
KW  - PLANETS -- Observations
KW  - exoplanets
KW  - Kepler
KW  - planetary systems
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 119150338; Steffen, Jason H. 1 Coughlin, Jeffrey L. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4002  2: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: 10/25/2016, Vol. 113 Issue 43, p12023; Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: PLANETARY orbits; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL transits; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: exoplanets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kepler; Author-Supplied Keyword: planetary systems; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1606658113
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119150338&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Isakov, Sergei V.
AU  - Mazzola, Guglielmo
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
AU  - Zhang Jiang
AU  - Boixo, Sergio
AU  - Neven, Hartmut
AU  - Troyer, Matthias
T1  - Understanding Quantum Tunneling through Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations.
JO  - Physical Review Letters
JF  - Physical Review Letters
Y1  - 2016/10/28/
VL  - 117
IS  - 18
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00319007
AB  - The tunneling between the two ground states of an Ising ferromagnet is a typical example of many-body tunneling processes between two local minima, as they occur during quantum annealing. Performing quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations we find that the QMC tunneling rate displays the same scaling with system size, as the rate of incoherent tunneling. The scaling in both cases is O(Δ2), where Δ is the tunneling splitting (or equivalently the minimum spectral gap). An important consequence is that QMC simulations can be used to predict the performance of a quantum annealer for tunneling through a barrier. Furthermore, by using open instead of periodic boundary conditions in imaginary time, equivalent to a projector QMC algorithm, we obtain a quadratic speedup for QMC simulations, and achieve linear scaling in Δ. We provide a physical understanding of these results and their range of applicability based on an instanton picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review Letters is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM tunneling composites
KW  - GROUND state (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - ISAKOV, Sergei V.
KW  - MAZZOLA, Guglielmo
KW  - SMELYANSKIY, Vadim N.
KW  - ZHANG Jiang
KW  - BOIXO, Sergio
KW  - NEVEN, Hartmut
KW  - TROYER, Matthias
KW  - PHYSICAL Review Letters (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 119921153; Isakov, Sergei V. 1 Mazzola, Guglielmo 2 Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. 3 Zhang Jiang 4,5 Boixo, Sergio 3 Neven, Hartmut 3 Troyer, Matthias 2; Affiliation:  1: Google, 8002 Zurich, Switzerland  2: Theoretische Physik, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland  3: Google, Venice, California 90291, USA  4: QuAIL, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  5: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Rd., Suite 400, Greenbelt, Maryland 20770, USA; Source Info: 10/28/2016, Vol. 117 Issue 18, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM tunneling composites; Subject Term: GROUND state (Quantum mechanics); Reviews & Products: PHYSICAL Review Letters (Periodical); People: ISAKOV, Sergei V.; People: MAZZOLA, Guglielmo; People: SMELYANSKIY, Vadim N.; People: ZHANG Jiang; People: BOIXO, Sergio; People: NEVEN, Hartmut; People: TROYER, Matthias; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.180402
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Suazo-Dávila, D.
AU  - Rivera-Meléndez, J.
AU  - Koehne, J.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Cabrera, C.R.
T1  - Surface analysis and electrochemistry of a robust carbon-nanofiber-based electrode platform H2O2 sensor.
JO  - Applied Surface Science
JF  - Applied Surface Science
Y1  - 2016/10/30/
VL  - 384
M3  - Article
SP  - 251
EP  - 257
SN  - 01694332
AB  - A vertically aligned carbon nanofiber-based (VACNF) electrode platform was developed for an enzymeless hydrogen peroxide sensor. Vertical nanofibers have heights on the order of 2–3 μm, and diameters that vary from 50 to 100 nm as seen by atomic force microscopy. The VACNF was grown as individual, vertically, and freestanding structures using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The electrochemical sensor, for the hydrogen peroxide measurement in solution, showed stability and reproducibility in five consecutive calibration curves with different hydrogen peroxide concentrations over a period of 3 days. The detection limit was 66 μM. The sensitivity for hydrogen peroxide electrochemical detection was 0.0906 mA cm −2 mM −1 , respectively. The sensor was also used for the measurement of hydrogen peroxide as the by-product of the reaction of cholesterol with cholesterol oxidase as a biosensor application. The sensor exhibits linear behavior in the range of 50 μM–1 mM in cholesterol concentrations. The surface analysis and electrochemistry characterization is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Applied Surface Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL electrodes
KW  - SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis
KW  - HYDROGEN peroxide
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - ATOMIC force microscopy
KW  - Carbon nanofiber electrode
KW  - Cholesterol
KW  - Cholesterol oxidase
KW  - H 2 O 2
N1  - Accession Number: 116378676; Suazo-Dávila, D. 1 Rivera-Meléndez, J. 1 Koehne, J. 2 Meyyappan, M. 2 Cabrera, C.R. 1; Email Address: ccabrera@uprrp.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA-MIRO Center for Advanced Nanoscale Materials (CANM), Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Center, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, PR, 00936, United States  2: Center for Nanotechnology, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Oct2016, Vol. 384, p251; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL electrodes; Subject Term: SURFACES (Technology) -- Analysis; Subject Term: HYDROGEN peroxide; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: ATOMIC force microscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanofiber electrode; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cholesterol; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cholesterol oxidase; Author-Supplied Keyword: H 2 O 2; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.05.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flanigan, Sarah H.
AU  - Rogers, Gabe D.
AU  - Guo, Yanping
AU  - Kirk, Madeline N.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Jr.Owen, William M.
AU  - Jackman, Coralie D.
AU  - Bauman, Jeremy
AU  - Pelletier, Frederic
AU  - Nelson, Derek
AU  - Stanbridge, Dale
AU  - Dumont, Phillip J.
AU  - Williams, Bobby
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Olkin, Cathy B.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
T1  - Destination pluto: New horizons performance during the approach phase.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 128
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 43
SN  - 00945765
AB  - The New Horizons spacecraft began its journey to the Pluto-Charon system on January 19, 2006 on-board an Atlas V rocket from Cape Canaveral, Florida. As the first mission in NASA's New Frontiers program, the objective of the New Horizons mission is to perform the first exploration of ice dwarfs in the Kuiper Belt, extending knowledge of the solar system to include the icy “third zone” for the first time. Arriving at the correct time and correct position relative to Pluto on July 14, 2015 depended on the successful execution of a carefully choreographed sequence of events. The Core command sequence, which was developed and optimized over multiple years and included the highest-priority science observations during the closest approach period, was contingent on precise navigation to the Pluto-Charon system and nominal performance of the guidance and control (G&C) subsystem. The flyby and gravity assist of Jupiter on February 28, 2007 was critical in placing New Horizons on the path to Pluto. Once past Jupiter, trajectory correction maneuvers (TCMs) became the sole source of trajectory control since the spacecraft did not encounter any other planetary bodies along its flight path prior to Pluto. During the Pluto approach phase, which formally began on January 15, 2015, optical navigation images were captured primarily with the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager to refine spacecraft and Pluto-Charon system trajectory knowledge, which in turn was used to design TCMs. Orbit determination solutions were also used to update the spacecraft's on-board trajectory knowledge throughout the approach phase. Nominal performance of the G&C subsystem, accurate TCM designs, and high-quality orbit determination solutions resulted in final Pluto-relative B-plane arrival conditions that facilitated a successful first reconnaissance of the Pluto-Charon system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - NAVIGATION (Aeronautics)
KW  - ASTRONOMY
KW  - CAPE Canaveral (Fla.)
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 119161360; Flanigan, Sarah H. 1; Email Address: sarah.flanigan@jhuapl.edu Rogers, Gabe D. 1 Guo, Yanping 1 Kirk, Madeline N. 1 Weaver, Harold A. 1 Jr.Owen, William M. 2 Jackman, Coralie D. 3 Bauman, Jeremy 3 Pelletier, Frederic 3 Nelson, Derek 3 Stanbridge, Dale 3 Dumont, Phillip J. 3 Williams, Bobby 3 Stern, S. Alan 4 Olkin, Cathy B. 4 Young, Leslie A. 4 Ennico, Kimberly 5; Affiliation:  1: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, United States  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory – California Institute of Technology, United States  3: KinetX, Inc., United States  4: Southwest Research Institute, United States  5: NASA Ames Research Center, United States; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 128, p33; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: NAVIGATION (Aeronautics); Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Subject Term: CAPE Canaveral (Fla.); Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.02.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119161360&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nag, Sreeja
AU  - Rios, Joseph L.
AU  - Gerhardt, David
AU  - Pham, Camvu
T1  - CubeSat constellation design for air traffic monitoring.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 128
M3  - Article
SP  - 180
EP  - 193
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Suitably equipped global and local air traffic can be tracked. The tracking information may then be used for control from ground-based stations by receiving the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) signal. In this paper, we describe a tool for designing a constellation of small satellites which demonstrates, through high-fidelity modeling based on simulated air traffic data, the value of space-based ADS-B monitoring. It thereby provides recommendations for cost-efficient deployment of a constellation of small satellites to increase safety and situational awareness in the currently poorly-served surveillance area of Alaska. Air traffic data were obtained from NASA's Future ATM Concepts Evaluation Tool, for the Alaskan airspace over one day. The results presented were driven by MATLAB and the satellites propagated and coverage calculated using AGI's Satellite Tool. While Ad-hoc and precession spread constellations have been quantitatively evaluated, Walker constellations show the best performance in simulation. Sixteen satellites in two perpendicular orbital planes are shown to provide more than 99% coverage over representative Alaskan airspace and the maximum time gap where any airplane in Alaska is not covered is six minutes, therefore meeting the standard set by the International Civil Aviation Organization to monitor every airplane at least once every fifteen minutes. In spite of the risk of signal collision when multiple packets arrive at the satellite receiver, the proposed constellation shows 99% cumulative probability of reception within four minutes when the airplanes are transmitting every minute, and at ~100% reception probability if transmitting every second. Data downlink can be performed using any of the three ground stations of NASA Earth Network in Alaska. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CUBESATS (Artificial satellites)
KW  - AIR traffic
KW  - ADS-B (Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast)
KW  - CONSTELLATIONS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 119161403; Nag, Sreeja 1,2; Email Address: sreeja.nag@nasa.gov Rios, Joseph L. 1 Gerhardt, David 3 Pham, Camvu 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA  3: Gomspace ApS, Niels Jernes Vej 10, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark  4: San Jose State University, 1 Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 128, p180; Subject Term: CUBESATS (Artificial satellites); Subject Term: AIR traffic; Subject Term: ADS-B (Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast); Subject Term: CONSTELLATIONS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.07.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119161403&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru
T1  - Dynamic Stability Analysis of Hypersonic Transport During Reentry.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 54
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 3374
EP  - 3381
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Dynamic stability analysis is performed for a typical future hypersonic transport vehicle during atmospheric flight. Unsteady aerodynamic data in the form of indicial responses are generated by solving the Navier-Stokes equations. Computations needed at multiple Mach numbers and associated angles of attack are computed in a single job by using dual-level parallel script. Validity of the indicial approach is established by comparing results with experiment and the time-integration method. Flutter boundaries associated with pitch and heave rigid-body degrees of freedom are computed. Effect of position of the mass center on flutter boundaries, which is more predominant in the transonic regime, is shown. This work advances stability analysis procedures for next-generation hypersonic vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 119378469; Guruswamy, Guru 1; Affiliation:  1: Senior Scientist, Computational Physics Branch, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 54 Issue 11, p3374; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J055018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119378469&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sturrock, P.A.
AU  - Steinitz, G.
AU  - Fischbach, E.
AU  - Parkhomov, A.
AU  - Scargle, J.D.
T1  - Analysis of beta-decay data acquired at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt: Evidence of a solar influence.
JO  - Astroparticle Physics
JF  - Astroparticle Physics
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 84
M3  - Article
SP  - 8
EP  - 14
SN  - 09276505
AB  - According to an article entitled Disproof of solar influence on the decay rates of 90Sr/90Y by Kossert and Nähle of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) [1], the PTB measurements show no evidence of variability. We show that, on the contrary, those measurements reveal strong evidence of variability, including an oscillation at 11 year −1 that is suggestive of an influence of internal solar rotation. An analysis of radon beta-decay data acquired at the Geological Survey of Israel (GSI) Laboratory for the same time interval yields strong confirmation of this oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astroparticle Physics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BETA decay
KW  - RADIOACTIVE decay
KW  - OSCILLATIONS
KW  - FLUCTUATIONS (Physics)
KW  - ALLEROED oscillation
KW  - Nuclear decays, Neutrinos
KW  - Sun
N1  - Accession Number: 118401425; Sturrock, P.A. 1; Email Address: sturrock@stanford.edu Steinitz, G. 2 Fischbach, E. 3 Parkhomov, A. 4 Scargle, J.D. 5; Affiliation:  1: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Center for Space Science and Astrophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-4060, USA  2: Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, 95501, Israel  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA  4: Institute for Time Nature Explorations, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia  5: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 84, p8; Subject Term: BETA decay; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE decay; Subject Term: OSCILLATIONS; Subject Term: FLUCTUATIONS (Physics); Subject Term: ALLEROED oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear decays, Neutrinos; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sun; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2016.07.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118401425&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Elena Maltseva
AU  - Annemieke Petrignani
AU  - Alessandra Candian
AU  - Cameron J. Mackie
AU  - Xinchuan Huang
AU  - Timothy J. Lee
AU  - Alexander G. G. M. Tielens
AU  - Jos Oomens
AU  - Wybren Jan Buma
T1  - HIGH-RESOLUTION IR ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN THE 3 μm REGION: ROLE OF PERIPHERY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/11//11/1/2016
VL  - 831
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - In this work we report on high-resolution IR absorption studies that provide a detailed view on how the peripheral structure of irregular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) affects the shape and position of their 3 μm absorption band. For this purpose, we present mass-selected, high-resolution absorption spectra of cold and isolated phenanthrene, pyrene, benz[a]antracene, chrysene, triphenylene, and perylene molecules in the 2950–3150 cm−1 range. The experimental spectra are compared with standard harmonic calculations and anharmonic calculations using a modified version of the SPECTRO program that incorporates a Fermi resonance treatment utilizing intensity redistribution. We show that the 3 μm region is dominated by the effects of anharmonicity, resulting in many more bands than would have been expected in a purely harmonic approximation. Importantly, we find that anharmonic spectra as calculated by SPECTRO are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. Together with previously reported high-resolution spectra of linear acenes, the present spectra provide us with an extensive data set of spectra of PAHs with a varying number of aromatic rings, with geometries that range from open to highly condensed structures, and featuring CH groups in all possible edge configurations. We discuss the astrophysical implications of the comparison of these spectra on the interpretation of the appearance of the aromatic infrared 3 μm band, and on features such as the two-component emission character of this band and the 3 μm emission plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INFRARED absorption
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons -- Spectra
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - CHRYSENE
KW  - ACENES
N1  - Accession Number: 119173008; Elena Maltseva 1 Annemieke Petrignani 1,2,3 Alessandra Candian 2 Cameron J. Mackie 2 Xinchuan Huang 4,5 Timothy J. Lee 5 Alexander G. G. M. Tielens 2 Jos Oomens 3 Wybren Jan Buma 1; Email Address: w.j.buma@uva.nl; Affiliation:  1: University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands  2: Leiden Observatory, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands  3: Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands  4: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2016, Vol. 831 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: INFRARED absorption; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons -- Spectra; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: CHRYSENE; Subject Term: ACENES; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/58
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Irina N. Kitiashvili
T1  - DATA ASSIMILATION APPROACH FOR FORECAST OF SOLAR ACTIVITY CYCLES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/11//11/1/2016
VL  - 831
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Numerous attempts to predict future solar cycles are mostly based on empirical relations derived from observations of previous cycles, and they yield a wide range of predicted strengths and durations of the cycles. Results obtained with current dynamo models also deviate strongly from each other, thus raising questions about criteria to quantify the reliability of such predictions. The primary difficulties in modeling future solar activity are shortcomings of both the dynamo models and observations that do not allow us to determine the current and past states of the global solar magnetic structure and its dynamics. Data assimilation is a relatively new approach to develop physics-based predictions and estimate their uncertainties in situations where the physical properties of a system are not well-known. This paper presents an application of the ensemble Kalman filter method for modeling and prediction of solar cycles through use of a low-order nonlinear dynamo model that includes the essential physics and can describe general properties of the sunspot cycles. Despite the simplicity of this model, the data assimilation approach provides reasonable estimates for the strengths of future solar cycles. In particular, the prediction of Cycle 24 calculated and published in 2008 is so far holding up quite well. In this paper, I will present my first attempt to predict Cycle 25 using the data assimilation approach, and discuss the uncertainties of that prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR cycle
KW  - SOLAR activity
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - SUNSPOTS
KW  - SOLAR magnetism
KW  - KALMAN filtering
N1  - Accession Number: 119173091; Irina N. Kitiashvili 1,2; Email Address: irina.n.kitiashvili@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA 94952, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2016, Vol. 831 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR cycle; Subject Term: SOLAR activity; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Subject Term: SUNSPOTS; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetism; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/15
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119173091&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. A. Guzik
AU  - G. Houdek
AU  - W. J. Chaplin
AU  - B. Smalley
AU  - D. W. Kurtz
AU  - R. L. Gilliland
AU  - F. Mullally
AU  - J. F. Rowe
AU  - S. T. Bryson
AU  - M. D. Still
AU  - V. Antoci
AU  - T. Appourchaux
AU  - S. Basu
AU  - T. R. Bedding
AU  - O. Benomar
AU  - R. A. Garcia
AU  - D. Huber
AU  - H. Kjeldsen
AU  - D. W. Latham
AU  - T. S. Metcalfe
T1  - DETECTION OF SOLAR-LIKE OSCILLATIONS, OBSERVATIONAL CONSTRAINTS, AND STELLAR MODELS FOR θ CYG, THE BRIGHTEST STAR OBSERVED BY THE KEPLER MISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/11//11/1/2016
VL  - 831
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - θ Cygni is an F3 spectral type magnitude V = 4.48 main-sequence star that was the brightest star observed by the original Kepler spacecraft mission. Short-cadence (58.8 s) photometric data using a custom aperture were first obtained during Quarter 6 (2010 June–September) and subsequently in Quarters 8 and 12–17. We present analyses of solar-like oscillations based on Q6 and Q8 data, identifying angular degree l = 0, 1, and 2 modes with frequencies of 1000–2700 μHz, a large frequency separation of 83.9 ± 0.4 μHz, and maximum oscillation amplitude at frequency νmax = 1829 ± 54 μHz. We also present analyses of new ground-based spectroscopic observations, which, combined with interferometric angular diameter measurements, give Teff = 6697 ± 78 K, radius 1.49 ± 0.03 R⊙, [Fe/H] = −0.02 ± 0.06 dex, and log g = 4.23 ± 0.03. We calculate stellar models matching these constraints using the Yale Rotating Evolution Code and the Asteroseismic Modeling Portal. The best-fit models have masses of 1.35–1.39 M⊙ and ages of 1.0–1.6 Gyr. θ Cyg’s Teff and log g place it cooler than the red edge of the γ Doradus instability region established from pre-Kepler ground-based observations, but just at the red edge derived from pulsation modeling. The pulsation models show γ Dor gravity modes driven by the convective blocking mechanism, with frequencies of 1–3 cycles per day (11 to 33 μHz). However, gravity modes were not seen in Kepler data; one signal at 1.776 cycles per day (20.56 μHz) may be attributable to a faint, possibly background, binary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - STARS -- Internal structure
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 119173077; J. A. Guzik 1 G. Houdek 2 W. J. Chaplin 2,3 B. Smalley 4 D. W. Kurtz 5 R. L. Gilliland 6 F. Mullally 7 J. F. Rowe 7 S. T. Bryson 8 M. D. Still 8,9 V. Antoci 2 T. Appourchaux 10 S. Basu 11 T. R. Bedding 2,12 O. Benomar 12,13 R. A. Garcia 14 D. Huber 2,12 H. Kjeldsen 2 D. W. Latham 15 T. S. Metcalfe 16; Affiliation:  1: Los Alamos National Laboratory, XTD-NTA, MS T-082, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  2: Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  3: School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  4: Astrophysics Group, School of Physical and Geographical Sciences, Lennard-Jones Laboratories, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, UK  5: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK  6: Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  7: SETI Institute/NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Bldg. 244, MS-244-30, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  9: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, 560 Third Street W., Sonoma, CA 95476, USA  10: Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, Universitè de Paris Sud–CNRS, Batiment 121, F-91405 ORSAY Cedex, France  11: Department of Astronomy, Yale University, P.O. Box 208101, New Haven, CT 06520-8101, USA  12: Sydney Institute for Astronomy (SIfA), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  13: NYUAD Institute, Center for Space Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE  14: Laboratoire AIM, CEA/DRF—CNRS—Univ. Paris Diderot—IRFU/SAp, Centre de Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France  15: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  16: Space Science Institute, 4750 Walnut Street, Suite 205, Boulder, CO 80301, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2016, Vol. 831 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Internal structure; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/17
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119173077&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Steve B. Howell
AU  - Elena Mason
AU  - Patricia Boyd
AU  - Krista Lynne Smith
AU  - Dawn M. Gelino
T1  - RAPIDLY ROTATING, X-RAY BRIGHT STARS IN THE KEPLER FIELD.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/11//11/1/2016
VL  - 831
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present Kepler light curves and optical spectroscopy of twenty X-ray bright stars located in the Kepler field of view. The stars, spectral type F-K, show evidence for rapid rotation including chromospheric activity 100 times or more above the Sun at maximum and flaring behavior in their light curves. Eighteen of our objects appear to be (sub)giants and may belong to the class of FK Com variables, which are evolved rapidly spinning single stars with no excretion disk and high levels of chromospheric activity. Such stars are rare and are likely the result of W UMa binary mergers, a process believed to produce the FK Com class of variable and their descendants. The FK Com stage, including the presence of an excretion disk, is short lived but leads to longer-lived stages consisting of single, rapidly rotating evolved (sub)giants with high levels of stellar activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - X-ray imaging
KW  - KEPLER problem
KW  - STELLAR chromospheres
KW  - DISKS (Astrophysics)
N1  - Accession Number: 119173056; Steve B. Howell 1,2 Elena Mason 3 Patricia Boyd 2,4 Krista Lynne Smith 2,4,5 Dawn M. Gelino 2,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer, Mt. Palomar Observatory 200″ Hale Telescope.  3: INAF-OATS, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, I-34143, Trieste, Italy  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland College Park, USA  6: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: 11/1/2016, Vol. 831 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: X-ray imaging; Subject Term: KEPLER problem; Subject Term: STELLAR chromospheres; Subject Term: DISKS (Astrophysics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/831/1/27
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119173056&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, Sharon P.
AU  - Xu Liu
AU  - Stamnes, Snorre
AU  - Moore, Richard H.
AU  - Hostetler, Chris A.
AU  - Ferrare, Richard A.
AU  - Chemyakin, Eduard
AU  - Knobelspiesse, Kirk
AU  - Sawamura, Patricia
T1  - Information content and sensitivity of the 3β + 2α lidar measurement system for aerosol microphysical retrievals.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 9
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 5555
EP  - 5574
SN  - 18671381
AB  - There is considerable interest in retrieving profiles of aerosol effective radius, total number concentration, and complex refractive index from lidar measurements of extinction and backscatter at several wavelengths. The combination of three backscatter channels plus two extinction channels (3β + 2α) is particularly important since it is believed to be the minimum configuration necessary for the retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties and because the technological readiness of lidar systems permits this configuration on both an airborne and future spaceborne instrument. The second-generation NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) has been making 3β + 2α measurements since 2012. The planned NASA Aerosol/Clouds/Ecosystems (ACE) satellite mission also recommends the 3β + 2α combination. Here we develop a deeper understanding of the information content and sensitivities of the 3β + 2α system in terms of aerosol microphysical parameters of interest. We use a retrieval-free methodology to determine the basic sensitivities of the measurements independent of retrieval assumptions and constraints. We calculate information content and uncertainty metrics using tools borrowed from the optimal estimation methodology based on Bayes' theorem, using a simplified forward model look-up table, with no explicit inversion. The forward model is simplified to represent spherical particles, monomodal log-normal size distributions, and wavelength-independent refractive indices. Since we only use the forward model with no retrieval, the given simplified aerosol scenario is applicable as a best case for all existing retrievals in the absence of additional constraints. Retrieval-dependent errors due to mismatch between retrieval assumptions and true atmospheric aerosols are not included in this sensitivity study, and neither are retrieval errors that may be introduced in the inversion process. The choice of a simplified model adds clarity to the understanding of the uncertainties in such retrievals, since it allows for separately assessing the sensitivities and uncertainties of the measurements alone that cannot be corrected by any potential or theoretical improvements to retrieval methodology but must instead be addressed by adding information content. The sensitivity metrics allow for identifying (1) information content of the measurements vs. a priori information; (2) error bars on the retrieved parameters; and (3) potential sources of cross-talk or "compensating" errors wherein different retrieval parameters are not independently captured by the measurements. The results suggest that the 3β + 2α measurement system is underdetermined with respect to the full suite of microphysical parameters considered in this study and that additional information is required, in the form of additional coincident measurements (e.g., sun-photometer or polarimeter) or a priori retrieval constraints. A specific recommendation is given for addressing cross-talk between effective radius and total number concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - AEROSOLS (Sprays)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - VECTOR analysis
KW  - JACOBIAN matrices
N1  - Accession Number: 119962368; Burton, Sharon P. 1 Xu Liu 1 Stamnes, Snorre 1 Moore, Richard H. 1 Hostetler, Chris A. 1 Ferrare, Richard A. 1 Chemyakin, Eduard 2 Knobelspiesse, Kirk 3 Sawamura, Patricia 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, USA.  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA.  4: Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD, USA.; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 11, p5555; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: AEROSOLS (Sprays); Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: VECTOR analysis; Subject Term: JACOBIAN matrices; Number of Pages: 20p; Illustrations: 7 Charts, 13 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-5555-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119962368&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Espinosa, W. Reed
AU  - Remer, Lorraine
AU  - Dubovik, Oleg
AU  - Ziemba, Luke
AU  - Beyersdorf, Andreas
AU  - Orozco, F. Daniel
AU  - Schuster, Gregory
AU  - Lapyonok, Tatyana
AU  - Fuertes, David
AU  - Martins, J. Vanderlei
T1  - Retrievals of Aerosol Optical and Microphysical Properties from Imaging Polar Nephelometer Scattering Measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/11//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 23
SN  - 18678610
AB  - A method for the retrieval of optical and microphysical properties from in situ light scattering measurements is presented and the results are compared with existing measurement techniques. The Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) is applied to airborne and laboratory measurements made by a novel polar nephelometer. This instrument, the Polarized Imaging Nephelometer (PI-Neph), is capable of making high accuracy field measurements of phase function and degree of linear polarization, at three visible wavelengths, over a wide angular range of 3° to 177°. The resulting retrieval produces particle size distributions (PSD) that agree, to within experimental error, with measurements made by commercial optical particle counters (OPCs). Additionally, the retrieved real part of the refractive index is generally found to be within the predicted error of 0.02 from the expected values for three species of humidified salts particles, whose refractive index is well established. The airborne measurements used in this work were made aboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS) field campaign, and the inversion of this data represent the first aerosol retrievals of airborne polar nephelometer data. The results provide confidence in the refractive index product, as well as in the retrieval's ability to accurately determine PSD, without assumptions about refractive index that are required by the majority of OPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Optical properties
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Spectra
KW  - REFRACTIVE index -- Measurement
N1  - Accession Number: 119961845; Espinosa, W. Reed 1,2; Email Address: reedespinosa@msn.com Remer, Lorraine 1,2; Email Address: laremer@hotmail.com Dubovik, Oleg 3; Email Address: oleg.dubovik@univ-lille1.fr Ziemba, Luke 4; Email Address: luke.ziemba@nasa.gov Beyersdorf, Andreas 4,5; Email Address: andreas.beyersdorf@csusb.edu Orozco, F. Daniel 1,2; Email Address: danielorozco@umbc.edu Schuster, Gregory 4; Email Address: gregory.l.schuster@nasa.gov Lapyonok, Tatyana 3; Email Address: tatsiana.lapionak@univ-lille1.fr Fuertes, David 6; Email Address: david.fuertes@univ-lille1.fr Martins, J. Vanderlei 1,2; Email Address: martins@umbc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA  2: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, 5523 Research Park DR, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA  3: Laboratoire d'Optique Atmosphérique, UMR8518, CNRS - Université de Lille 1, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France  4: Langley Research Center Science Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, Virginia, USA  5: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA  6: GRASP-SAS, Bat-P5, Université de Lille 1, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Source Info: 2016, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Optical properties; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Spectra; Subject Term: REFRACTIVE index -- Measurement; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-356
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119961845&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Garnier, Anne
AU  - Scott, Noëlle A.
AU  - Pelon, Jacques
AU  - Armante, Raymond
AU  - Crépeau, Laurent
AU  - Six, Bruno
AU  - Pascal, Nicolas
T1  - Long term assessment of the CALIPSO Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) calibration and stability through comparisons with MODIS/Aqua and SEVIRI/Meteosat.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/11//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 42
SN  - 18678610
AB  - The quality of the calibrated radiances of the medium-resolution Imaging Infrared Radiometer (IIR) on-board the CALIPSO satellite is quantitatively controlled since the beginning of the mission in June 2006. Two complementary "relative" and "stand-alone" approaches are used, which are related to comparisons of measured brightness temperatures, and to model-to-observations comparisons, respectively. In both cases, IIR channels 1 (8.65 μm), 2 (10.6 μm), and 3 (12.05 μm) are paired with MODIS/Aqua "companion" channels 29, 31, and 32, respectively, as well as with SEVIRI/Meteosat companion channels IR8.7, IR10.8 and IR12, respectively. These pairs were selected before launch to meet radiometric, geometric and space-time constraints. The pre-launch studies were based on simulations and sensitivity studies using the 4A/OP radiative transfer model fed with the more than 2300 atmospheres of the climatological TIGR dataset further sorted out in five air mass types. Over the 9.5 years of operation since launch, in a semi-operational process, collocated measurements of IIR and of its companion channels have been compared at all latitudes over ocean, during day and night, and for all types of scenes in a wide range of brightness temperatures when dealing with the relative approach. The relative approach shows an excellent stability of IIR2-MODIS31 and IIR3-MODIS32 brightness temperature differences (BTD) since launch A slight trend of the IIR1-MODIS29 BTD, equal to -0.02 K/year on average over 9.5 years, is detected by the relative approach at all latitudes and all scene temperatures. For the stand-alone approach, clear sky measurements only are considered, which are directly compared with simulations using 4A/OP and collocated ERA-Interim reanalyses. The clear sky mask is derived from collocated observations from IIR and the CALIPSO lidar. Simulations for clear sky pixels in the tropics reproduce the differences between IIR1 and MODIS29 within 0.02 K, and between IIR2 and MODIS31 within 0.04 K, whereas IIR3-MODIS32 is larger than simulated by 0.26 K. The stand-alone approach indicates that the trend identified from the relative approach originates from MODIS29, whereas no trend (less than ±0.004 K/year) is evidenced for any of the IIR channels. Finally, a year-by-year seasonal bias between nighttime and daytime IIR-MODIS BTDs was found at mid-latitude in the northern hemisphere by the relative approach. It is due to a nighttime IIR bias as determined by the stand-alone approach, which originates from a calibration drift during day-to-night transitions. The largest bias is in June/July with IIR2 and IIR3 too warm by 0.4 K on average, and IIR1 too warm by 0.2 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETERS -- Calibration
KW  - INFRARED radiometry
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
N1  - Accession Number: 119961841; Garnier, Anne 1,2; Email Address: Anne.Garnier@latmos.ipsl.fr Scott, Noëlle A. 3; Email Address: scott@lmd.polytechnique.fr Pelon, Jacques 4; Email Address: Jacques.Pelon@latmos.ipsl.fr Armante, Raymond 3; Email Address: armante@lmd.polytechnique.fr Crépeau, Laurent 3; Email Address: laurent.crepeau@lmd.polytechnique.fr Six, Bruno 5; Email Address: bruno.six@icare.univ-lille1.fr Pascal, Nicolas 6; Email Address: nicolas.pascal@icare.univ-lille1.fr; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytechnique-CNRS, Palaiseau, 91128, France  4: Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales, UPMC-UVSQ-CNRS, Paris, 75252, France  5: Université Lille 1, AERIS/ICARE Data and Services Center, Lille, 59650, France  6: Hygeos, AERIS/ICARE Data and Services Center, Lille, 59650, France; Source Info: 2016, p1; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS -- Calibration; Subject Term: INFRARED radiometry; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Number of Pages: 42p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-345
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119961841&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ALBRECHT, RACHEL I.
AU  - GOODMAN, STEVEN J.
AU  - BUECHLER, DENNIS E.
AU  - BLAKESLEE, RICHARD J.
AU  - CHRISTIAN, HUGH J.
T1  - WHERE ARE THE LIGHTNING HOTSPOTS ON EARTH?
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 97
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 2051
EP  - 2068
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article discusses the lightning hotspots for the planet Earth. It references the 16-year study on lightning hotspots revealed through observations in very high-resolution lightning climatology using space-based Lightning Imaging Sensor. The prototype lightning sensor instrument Optical Transient Detector (OTD) was launched by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
KW  - HOT spots (Geology)
KW  - LIGHTNING
KW  - THUNDERSTORM electricity
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - EQUIPMENT & supplies
KW  - REMOTE-SENSING images
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 120346460; ALBRECHT, RACHEL I. 1,2; Email Address: rachel.albrecht@iag.usp.br GOODMAN, STEVEN J. 3 BUECHLER, DENNIS E. 4 BLAKESLEE, RICHARD J. 5 CHRISTIAN, HUGH J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil  2: Cooperative Institute for Climate and Satellites- Maryland, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, Maryland  3: NOAA/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, Greenbelt, Maryland  4: University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama  5: Marshall Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Huntsville, Alabama; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 97 Issue 11, p2051; Subject Term: HOT spots (Geology); Subject Term: LIGHTNING; Subject Term: THUNDERSTORM electricity; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: EQUIPMENT & supplies; Subject Term: REMOTE-SENSING images; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00193.1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120346460&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cammarano, Davide
AU  - Rötter, Reimund P.
AU  - Asseng, Senthold
AU  - Ewert, Frank
AU  - Wallach, Daniel
AU  - Martre, Pierre
AU  - Hatfield, Jerry L.
AU  - Jones, James W.
AU  - Rosenzweig, Cynthia
AU  - Ruane, Alex C.
AU  - Boote, Kenneth J.
AU  - Thorburn, Peter J.
AU  - Kersebaum, Kurt Christian
AU  - Aggarwal, Pramod K.
AU  - Angulo, Carlos
AU  - Basso, Bruno
AU  - Bertuzzi, Patrick
AU  - Biernath, Christian
AU  - Brisson, Nadine
AU  - Challinor, Andrew J.
T1  - Uncertainty of wheat water use: Simulated patterns and sensitivity to temperature and CO2.
JO  - Field Crops Research
JF  - Field Crops Research
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 198
M3  - Article
SP  - 80
EP  - 92
SN  - 03784290
AB  - Projected global warming and population growth will reduce future water availability for agriculture. Thus, it is essential to increase the efficiency in using water to ensure crop productivity. Quantifying crop water use (WU; i.e. actual evapotranspiration) is a critical step towards this goal. Here, sixteen wheat simulation models were used to quantify sources of model uncertainty and to estimate the relative changes and variability between models for simulated WU, water use efficiency (WUE, WU per unit of grain dry mass produced), transpiration efficiency ( T eff , transpiration per kg of unit of grain yield dry mass produced), grain yield, crop transpiration and soil evaporation at increased temperatures and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO 2 ]). The greatest uncertainty in simulating water use, potential evapotranspiration, crop transpiration and soil evaporation was due to differences in how crop transpiration was modelled and accounted for 50% of the total variability among models. The simulation results for the sensitivity to temperature indicated that crop WU will decline with increasing temperature due to reduced growing seasons. The uncertainties in simulated crop WU, and in particularly due to uncertainties in simulating crop transpiration, were greater under conditions of increased temperatures and with high temperatures in combination with elevated atmospheric [CO 2 ] concentrations. Hence the simulation of crop WU, and in particularly crop transpiration under higher temperature, needs to be improved and evaluated with field measurements before models can be used to simulate climate change impacts on future crop water demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Field Crops Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WHEAT farming
KW  - CROPS -- Water requirements
KW  - AGRICULTURAL water-supply
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on crops
KW  - EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants
KW  - AGRICULTURAL productivity
KW  - EFFECT of global warming on plants
KW  - Multi-model simulation
KW  - Sensitivity
KW  - Transpiration efficiency
KW  - Uncertainty
KW  - Water use
N1  - Accession Number: 118522701; Cammarano, Davide 1; Email Address: davide.cammarano@gmail.com Rötter, Reimund P. 2,3 Asseng, Senthold 1 Ewert, Frank 4,5 Wallach, Daniel 6 Martre, Pierre 7,8 Hatfield, Jerry L. 9 Jones, James W. 1 Rosenzweig, Cynthia 10 Ruane, Alex C. 10 Boote, Kenneth J. 1 Thorburn, Peter J. 11 Kersebaum, Kurt Christian 12 Aggarwal, Pramod K. 13 Angulo, Carlos 4 Basso, Bruno 14 Bertuzzi, Patrick 15 Biernath, Christian 16 Brisson, Nadine 17,18 Challinor, Andrew J. 19,20; Affiliation:  1: Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States  2: Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland  3: Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Germany  4: Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Universität Bonn, 53115, Germany  5: Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), 15374 Müncheberg, Germany  6: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR1248 Agrosystèmes et développement territorial, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan Cedex, France  7: INRA, UMR1095 Genetics, Diversity and Ecophysiology of Cereals (GDEC), F-63 100 Clermont-Ferrand, France  8: Blaise Pascal University, UMR1095 GDEC, F-63 170 Aubière, France  9: National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States  10: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 10025, United States  11: Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Ecosystem Sciences, Dutton Park QLD 4102, Australia  12: Institute of Landscape Systems Analysis, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany  13: CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, CIMMYT, New Delhi 110012, India  14: Department of Geological Sciences and Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States  15: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), US1116 AgroClim, F- 84 914 Avignon, France  16: Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, D-85764, Germany  17: National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), UMR0211 Agronomie, F-78750 Thiverval-Grignon, France  18: AgroParisTech, UMR0211 Agronomie, F-78750 Thiverval-Grignon, France  19: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS29JT, United Kingdom  20: CGIAR-ESSP Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 198, p80; Subject Term: WHEAT farming; Subject Term: CROPS -- Water requirements; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL water-supply; Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on crops; Subject Term: EFFECT of carbon dioxide on plants; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL productivity; Subject Term: EFFECT of global warming on plants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-model simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transpiration efficiency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221310 Water Supply and Irrigation Systems; NAICS/Industry Codes: 111140 Wheat Farming; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.fcr.2016.08.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118522701&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blankenship, Clay B.
AU  - Crosson, William L.
AU  - Case, Jonathan L.
AU  - Zavodsky, Bradley T.
T1  - Assimilation of SMOS Retrievals in the Land Information System.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 54
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 6320
EP  - 6332
SN  - 01962892
AB  - The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite provides retrievals of soil moisture in roughly the upper 5 cm with a 30–50-km resolution and a mission accuracy requirement of 0.04 cm3/cm-3. These observations can be used to improve land surface model (LSM) soil moisture states through data assimilation (DA). In this paper, SMOS soil moisture retrievals are assimilated into the Noah LSM via an Ensemble Kalman Filter within the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Land Information System. Bias correction is implemented using cumulative distribution function (cdf) matching, with points aggregated by either land cover or soil type to reduce the sampling error in generating the cdfs. An experiment was run for the warm season of 2011 to test SMOS DA and to compare assimilation methods. Verification of soil moisture analyses in the 0–10-cm upper layer and the 0–1-m root zone was conducted using in situ measurements from several observing networks in central and southeastern United States. This experiment showed that SMOS DA significantly increased the anomaly correlation of Noah soil moisture with station measurements from 0.45 to 0.57 in the 0–10-cm layer. Time series at specific stations demonstrates the ability of SMOS DA to increase the dynamic range of soil moisture in a manner consistent with station measurements. Among the bias correction methods, the correction based on soil type performed best at bias reduction but also reduced correlations. The vegetation-based correction did not produce any significant differences compared with using a simple uniform correction curve. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOIL moisture
KW  - OCEAN salinity
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - CUMULATIVE distribution function
KW  - LAND cover
KW  - SOIL classification
KW  - Data assimilation
KW  - Data models
KW  - Kalman filters
KW  - land surface
KW  - Microwave measurement
KW  - microwave radiometry
KW  - passive microwave remote sensing
KW  - Soil moisture
KW  - Vegetation mapping
N1  - Accession Number: 120288826; Blankenship, Clay B. 1 Crosson, William L. 1 Case, Jonathan L. 2 Zavodsky, Bradley T. 3; Affiliation:  1: Universities Space Research Association (USRA) Space Technology Institute (STI), Huntsville, AL, USA  2: ENSCO, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), Huntsville, AL, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 54 Issue 11, p6320; Subject Term: SOIL moisture; Subject Term: OCEAN salinity; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: CUMULATIVE distribution function; Subject Term: LAND cover; Subject Term: SOIL classification; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data assimilation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman filters; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microwave measurement; Author-Supplied Keyword: microwave radiometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: passive microwave remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Soil moisture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vegetation mapping; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2579604
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120288826&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Johnson, Michael
AU  - Gorospe, George
AU  - Landry, Jonathan
AU  - Schuster, Anja
T1  - Review of mitigation technologies for terrestrial power grids against space weather effects.
JO  - International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
JF  - International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 82
M3  - Article
SP  - 382
EP  - 391
SN  - 01420615
AB  - This paper discusses the earth-based effects of solar weather and presents a review of mitigation and protection techniques for the terrestrial power grid infrastructure. Solar events such as Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs), solar flares and associated recombination events are one of the driving factors in space weather and the solar wind intensity. Even though it is located at such a great distance from our nearest star, the Earth and its associated satellites are still directly affected by variances in these space weather phenomena. On the surface of the planet, nowhere is this more immediate and important than with the terrestrial power grid, which is responsible for delivering electrical power to much of the planets population. Large-scale variations in solar activity can result in potentially devastating effects on the terrestrial power grid and the associated infrastructure. A team project was undertaken at the International Space University (ISU) Space Studies Program (SSP) 2013 to categorize and mitigate the risks involved in such a solar event. As part of this research, which included risk assessment for satellite, spacecraft and terrestrial resources, this paper presents a review of the terrestrial power grid and its inherent susceptibility to such phenomena. Mitigation schemes, techniques and approaches ranging from adaption of the existing power grid to alternative systems are considered in this paper, which allow for continued electrical power delivery and transmission, even in the face of such detrimental space weather effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC power distribution grids
KW  - SPACE environment
KW  - SOLAR energy
KW  - CORONAL mass ejections
KW  - ELECTRIC utilities
KW  - Gemagnetically induced currents
KW  - Mitigation strategies
KW  - Power grids
KW  - Space weather
KW  - Transformers
N1  - Accession Number: 115920399; Johnson, Michael 1; Email Address: michael.johnson@ul.ie Gorospe, George 2 Landry, Jonathan 3 Schuster, Anja 4; Affiliation:  1: University of Limerick, Ireland  2: NASA (Ames Research Center), CA, USA  3: École de Technologie Supérieure (ÉTS), Montréal, Québec, Canada  4: Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 82, p382; Subject Term: ELECTRIC power distribution grids; Subject Term: SPACE environment; Subject Term: SOLAR energy; Subject Term: CORONAL mass ejections; Subject Term: ELECTRIC utilities; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gemagnetically induced currents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mitigation strategies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Power grids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space weather; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transformers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221114 Solar Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221121 Electric Bulk Power Transmission and Control; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221118 Other Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221117 Biomass Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221111 Hydroelectric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221112 Fossil Fuel Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221113 Nuclear Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221122 Electric Power Distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221115 Wind Electric Power Generation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 221116 Geothermal Electric Power Generation; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijepes.2016.02.049
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=115920399&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Holdeman, James D.
T1  - Re: Penetration behavior of opposed rows of staggered secondary air jets depending on jet penetration coefficient and momentum flux ratio.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 102
M3  - Article
SP  - 435
EP  - 444
SN  - 00179310
AB  - The purpose of this article is to explain why the extension of the previously published C = ( S / H o )sqrt( J ) scaling for opposed rows of staggered jets wasn’t directly successful in the study by Choi et al. (2016). It is not surprising that staggered jets from opposite sides do not pass each other at the expected C value, because H o / D and sqrt( J ) are much larger than the maximum in previous studies. These, and large x / D ’s, tend to suggest development of 2-dimensional flow. Although there are distinct optima for opposed rows of in-line jets, single-side injection, and opposed rows of staggered jets based on C , opposed rows of staggered jets provide as good or better mixing performance, at any C value, than opposed rows of in-line jets or jets from single-side injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PENETRATION mechanics
KW  - AIR jets
KW  - HEAT transfer coefficient
KW  - MIXING
KW  - GAS turbines -- Combustion
KW  - INCINERATORS
KW  - Conserved scalar
KW  - Correlations
KW  - Dilution jets
KW  - Empirical model
KW  - Gas turbine combustors
KW  - Jet penetration coefficient
KW  - Jets in crossflow
KW  - JIC
KW  - Momentum-flux ratio
KW  - Solid waste incinerator
KW  - Staggered jets
KW  - Temperature distribution
N1  - Accession Number: 117294564; Holdeman, James D. 1; Email Address: jjdholdeman@aol.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 102, p435; Subject Term: PENETRATION mechanics; Subject Term: AIR jets; Subject Term: HEAT transfer coefficient; Subject Term: MIXING; Subject Term: GAS turbines -- Combustion; Subject Term: INCINERATORS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Conserved scalar; Author-Supplied Keyword: Correlations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dilution jets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Empirical model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gas turbine combustors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet penetration coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jets in crossflow; Author-Supplied Keyword: JIC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Momentum-flux ratio; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solid waste incinerator; Author-Supplied Keyword: Staggered jets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature distribution; NAICS/Industry Codes: 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562213 Solid Waste Combustors and Incinerators; NAICS/Industry Codes: 236210 Industrial Building Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327390 Other Concrete Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 562210 Waste treatment and disposal; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.06.038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117294564&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rodriguez, David L.
AU  - Aftosmis, Michael J.
AU  - Nemec, Marian
AU  - Anderson, George R.
T1  - Optimization of Flexible Wings with Distributed Flaps at Off-Design Conditions.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1731
EP  - 1745
SN  - 00218669
AB  - An efficient process to aerodynamically optimize transport wings while addressing static aeroelastic effects is presented. The process is used to assess the aerodynamic performance benefits of a full-span trailing-edge flap system on a generic transport aircraft at off-design conditions. To establish a proper baseline, a transport wing is first aerodynamically optimized at a midcruise flight condition. The optimized wing is then analyzed at several off-design cruise conditions. The aerodynamic optimization is repeated at these off-design conditions to determine how much performance is lost by the wing optimized solely for the midcruise condition. The full-span flap system is then adapted to maximize performance of the midcruise-optimized wing at each off-design condition. The improvement due to the trailing-edge flaps is quantified by examining the degree to which the flaps can recover the performance of a wing designed specifically for the off-design condition. To evaluate the repercussions of aeroelasticity on the effectiveness of the flap system, this entire process is performed on both a conventional stiff wing and a modern, more flexible wing. The impact of the choice of flap layout is also explored. The results indicate that the flap system allows for significant improvement in performance throughout cruise and that it can be advantageous even for wings with increased flexibility. Moreover, the flaps appear to provide a means for active wave drag reduction during flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120389687; Rodriguez, David L. 1 Aftosmis, Michael J. 2 Nemec, Marian 1 Anderson, George R. 3; Affiliation:  1: Senior Research Scientist, Advanced Modeling and Simulation Branch, Science and Technology Corporation, Moffett Field, MS 258-5, California 94035  2: Aerospace Engineer, Advanced Modeling and Simulation Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, MS 258-5, California 94035  3: Research Scientist, Advanced Modeling and Simulation Branch, Science and Technology Corporation, Moffett Field, MS 258-5, California 94035; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1731; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033535
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120389687&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Berton, Jeffrey J.
T1  - System Noise Prediction of the DGEN 380 Turbofan Engine.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1779
EP  - 1786
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The DGEN 380 is a small, separate-flow, geared turbofan being promoted for a small twinjet application in the emerging personal light jet market. Smaller, and producing less thrust than other entries in the industry, the engine could be applied to a four to five place twinjet designed to compete in an area currently dominated by propeller-driven airplanes. This paper documents the procedures used to project static noise measurements collected from the engine to flight conditions and the prediction of certification noise of a notional airplane powered by twin DGEN engines. A novel noise model calibration technique and a Monte Carlo uncertainty experiment are emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120389691; Berton, Jeffrey J. 1; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Propulsion Systems Analysis Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, MS 5-11, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1779; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033616
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120389691&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nikoleris, Tasos
AU  - Chatterji, Gano B.
AU  - Coppenbarger, Richard A.
T1  - Comparison of Fuel Consumption of Descent Trajectories Under Arrival Metering.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1853
EP  - 1864
SN  - 00218669
AB  - This paper compares fuel consumption of descent trajectories from cruise altitude to meter fix when the required time of arrival is later than the nominal time of arrival at the meter fix. The required delay, which is the difference between the nominal and the required times of arrival, is achieved by either slowing down the aircraft in the cruise and descent phases or flying a longer route at a constant altitude. Performance models of 10 different Boeing and Airbus aircraft, obtained from the Base of Aircraft Data, are employed for generating the results. It is demonstrated that the most fuel-efficient speed-control strategy for absorbing delay is first reducing descent speed as much as possible and then reducing cruise speed. This is a common finding for all 10 aircraft considered. For some aircraft, flying at a fixed flight-path angle and constant Mach number/calibrated airspeed results in lower fuel consumption compared to standard descent at idle thrust and constant Mach number/calibrated airspeed. Finally, for the cases examined, it is shown that executing a path-stretch maneuver at cruise altitude and descent at a reduced speed is more fuel efficient than inserting an intermediate-altitude cruise segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120389697; Nikoleris, Tasos 1 Chatterji, Gano B. 2 Coppenbarger, Richard A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Associate Research Scientist, University Affiliated Research Center, University of California at Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, Mail Stop 210-8, California 94035  2: Scientist, University Affiliated Research Center, University of California at Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, Mail Stop 210-8, California 94035  3: Aerospace Engineer, Aviation Systems Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Mail Stop 210-10, California 94035; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1853; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033374
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120389697&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, Hsi-Wu
AU  - Peck, Jay
AU  - Assif, James
AU  - Panerai, Francesco
AU  - Lachaud, Jean
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
T1  - Detailed analysis of species production from the pyrolysis of the Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator.
JO  - Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis
JF  - Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 122
M3  - Article
SP  - 258
EP  - 267
SN  - 01652370
AB  - Many modern materials that are being developed to protect space vehicles entering planetary atmospheres use phenolic impregnated carbon fiber substrates as the basic material architecture. To mitigate the heat flux into the material, the decomposition of phenolic phase generates protective gases that blow into the boundary layer and help shield the material. The goal of this paper is to measure the decomposition products of cross-linked phenolic as used in the NASA's Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA). A custom batch reactor was designed to quantitatively determine detailed species production from the pyrolysis of PICA. A step-wise heating procedure using 50 K increments from room temperature up to 1250 K was followed. An initial PICA mass of 100 mg was loaded in the reactor, and the mass loss was measured after each 50 K step. Species production after each step was quantified using gas-chromatography techniques. The quantitative molar yields of pyrolysis products as a function of reaction temperature are compared to those from resole phenol-formaldehyde resin pyrolysis reported in the literature. The differences in product distributions between PICA pyrolysis and resole phenol-formaldehyde pyrolysis confirm that the decomposition products are sensitive to the composition of the material and the cross-linking process. These results indicate that characterizations need to be performed for all variations of phenolic-matrix based ablators. Such information is also critical for the development of next generation material response models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Analytical & Applied Pyrolysis is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PYROLYSIS
KW  - CARBON
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - CHEMICAL reactors
KW  - GAS chromatography
KW  - PICA
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Reaction kinetics
KW  - Species production
KW  - Thermal protection system
N1  - Accession Number: 119775573; Wong, Hsi-Wu 1; Email Address: HsiWu_Wong@uml.edu Peck, Jay 2 Assif, James 2 Panerai, Francesco 3 Lachaud, Jean 4 Mansour, Nagi N. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, United States  2: Center for Aero-Thermodynamics, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, United States  3: AMA Inc. at NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: Silicon Valley Initiatives, University of California at Santa Cruz, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 122, p258; Subject Term: PYROLYSIS; Subject Term: CARBON; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactors; Subject Term: GAS chromatography; Author-Supplied Keyword: PICA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Species production; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal protection system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jaap.2016.09.016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119775573&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hioki, Souichiro
AU  - Yang, Ping
AU  - Kattawar, George W.
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
T1  - Truncation of the scattering phase matrix for vector radiative transfer simulation.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 183
M3  - Article
SP  - 70
EP  - 77
SN  - 00224073
AB  - This short communication interprets the delta-fit technique in a context of similarity transformation and the correction to the source function, and derives the analogous form of the method to be applied for the scattering phase matrix. To adapt the delta-fit method to vector radiative transfer, the mathematically exact form of the similarity principle is used in the theoretical development. Some examples of relevant radiative transfer simulations are also presented for atmospheric ice particles. The performance of the adopted delta-fit method is comparable to the delta-M method with single scattering correction except for worse delta-fit performance for polarized radiance calculations in forward directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIGHT -- Scattering
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - SIMILARITY transformations
KW  - GREEN'S functions
KW  - SINGLE scattering (Optics)
KW  - Phase matrix
KW  - Truncation
KW  - Vector radiative transfer
N1  - Accession Number: 118343844; Hioki, Souichiro 1; Email Address: s.hioki@tamu.edu Yang, Ping 1 Kattawar, George W. 1 Hu, Yongxiang 2; Affiliation:  1: Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States  2: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, Unites States; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 183, p70; Subject Term: LIGHT -- Scattering; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: SIMILARITY transformations; Subject Term: GREEN'S functions; Subject Term: SINGLE scattering (Optics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase matrix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Truncation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vector radiative transfer; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.06.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - de Groh, Kim K.
AU  - Perry, Bruce A.
AU  - Banks, Bruce A.
T1  - Effect of 1.5 Years of Space Exposure on Tensile Properties of Teflon.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1002
EP  - 1011
SN  - 00224650
AB  - Materials on the exterior of spacecraft in low Earth orbit are subject to extremely harsh environmental conditions, including exposure to various forms of radiation, temperature extremes, thermal cycling, and atomic oxygen. These environmental exposures can result in erosion and optical and mechanical property degradation of susceptible materials, threatening spacecraft performance and durability. In an effort to better understand the effect of space exposure on the mechanical property degradation of Teflon insulation, 19 tensile samples were exposed to the space environment for 1.5 years on the exterior of the International Space Station. The samples were flown in ram, wake, zenith, or nadir orientations as part of three Materials International Space Station Experiment 7 mission experiments. This paper provides an overview of the flight mission, an introduction to the experiments, and compares the Teflon property degradation in the various orientations. The reduction in ductility of the samples correlates with the amount of solar radiation. Samples with high solar exposure (zenith orientation) experienced a 76% reduction in elongation relative to controls, whereas samples in the shadowed nadir orientation only experienced a 4% reduction. Additionally, thickness loss measurements show that erosion is significant in the ram orientation, but negligible in other orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120995332; de Groh, Kim K. 1,2 Perry, Bruce A. 3,4 Banks, Bruce A. 5,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Senior Materials Research Engineer, Environmental Effects and Coatings Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 49-5  3: Ohio Aerospace Institute, Brook Park, OH 44142  4: Research Intern, Environmental Effects and Coatings Branch, 22800 Cedar Point Road  5: Science Applications International Corp., NASA John H. Glenn Research Center at Lewis Field, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  6: Senior Physicist, Environmental Effects and Coatings Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, Mail Stop 49-5; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1002; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33557
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kondyurin, Alexey V.
AU  - Bilek, Marcela M. M.
AU  - Kondyurina, Irina V.
AU  - Vogel, Roland
AU  - de Groh, Kim K.
T1  - First Stratospheric Flight of Preimpregnated Uncured Epoxy Matrix.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 53
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1019
EP  - 1027
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A cassette with uncured preimpregnated based on carbon fibers and epoxy resin was exposed in the stratosphere (40 km altitude) above the ozone layer for over three days. Temperature variations of -76°C to +32.5°C and pressures up to 2.1 Torr were observed during flight. Analyses of the chemical structures of the composites show that the polymer matrix exposed in the stratosphere becomes crosslinked while the epoxy groups remain active, and the ground control polymer matrix reacted through polymerization reaction of epoxy groups. The space radiation exposures are considered to be responsible for crosslinking of the uncured polymers exposed in the stratosphere. The composites were cured on Earth after landing. Analysis of the cured composites showed that the polymer matrix remains active after exposure in the stratosphere. The results can be used for predicting the curing processes of polymer composites in the space environment during an orbital space flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120995334; Kondyurin, Alexey V. 1 Bilek, Marcela M. M. 2 Kondyurina, Irina V. 3 Vogel, Roland 4 de Groh, Kim K. 5; Affiliation:  1: Senior Researcher, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  2: Professor, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  3: Ph.D. Student, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia  4: Researcher, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research, Dresden D-01005, Germany  5: Senior Materials Research Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 53 Issue 6, p1019; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33478
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120995334&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fuller, L.
AU  - Lopez-Rodriguez, E.
AU  - Packham, C.
AU  - Ramos-Almeida, C.
AU  - Alonso-Herrero, A.
AU  - Levenson, N. A.
AU  - Radomski, J.
AU  - Ichikawa, K.
AU  - García-Bernete, I.
AU  - González-Martín, O.
AU  - Díaz-Santos, T.
AU  - Martínez-Paredes, M.
T1  - Investigating the dusty torus of Seyfert galaxies using SOFIA/FORCAST photometry.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/11//11/1/2016
VL  - 462
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 2618
EP  - 2630
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We present 31.5 µm imaging photometry of 11 nearby Seyfert galaxies observed from the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) using the Faint Object infraRed CAmera for the SOFIA Telescope (FORCAST). We tentatively detect extended 31 µm emission for the first time in our sample. In combination with this new data set, subarcsecond resolution 1-18 µm imaging and 7.5-13 µm spectroscopic observations were used to compute the nuclear spectral energy distribution (SED) of each galaxy.We found that the turnover of the torus emission does not occur at wavelengths ≤31.5 µm, which we interpret as a lower-limit for the wavelength of peak emission. We used CLUMPY torus models to fit the nuclear infrared (IR) SED and infer trends in the physical parameters of the AGN torus for the galaxies in the sample. Including the 31.5 µm nuclear flux in the SED (1) reduces the number of clumpy torus models compatible with the data, and (2) modifies the model output for the outer radial extent of the torus for 10 of the 11 objects. Specifically, six (60 per cent) objects show a decrease in radial extent while four (40 per cent) show an increase.We find torus outer radii ranging from <1 to 8.4 pc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEYFERT galaxies
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - ACTIVE galactic nuclei
KW  - galaxies: active
KW  - galaxies: nuclei
KW  - galaxies: Seyfert
KW  - STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy
N1  - Accession Number: 118703917; Fuller, L. 1; Email Address: lindsay.fuller@utsa.edu Lopez-Rodriguez, E. 2,3 Packham, C. 1,4 Ramos-Almeida, C. 5,6 Alonso-Herrero, A. 1,7,8 Levenson, N. A. 9 Radomski, J. 10 Ichikawa, K. 4 García-Bernete, I. 5,6 González-Martín, O. 11 Díaz-Santos, T. 12 Martínez-Paredes, M. 11; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1402, Austin, TX 78712, USA  3: McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, 2515 Speedway, Stop C1402, Austin, TX 78712-1206, USA  4: National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan  5: Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, E-38205, Tenerife, Spain  6: Universidad de La Laguna, Departamento de Astrofísica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  7: Centro de Astrobilogia (CAB, CSIC-INTA), ESAC Campus, E-28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain  8: Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK  9: Gemini Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  10: SOFIA/USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  11: Instituto de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica (IRyA-UNAM), 3-72 (Xangari), 8701, Morelia, Mexico  12: Núcleo de Astronomía de la Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejército Libertador 441, Santiago, Chile; Source Info: 11/1/2016, Vol. 462 Issue 3, p2618; Subject Term: SEYFERT galaxies; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: ACTIVE galactic nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: active; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: nuclei; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: Seyfert; Company/Entity: STRATOSPHERIC Observatory for Infrared Astronomy; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw1780
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Poroseva, Svetlana V.
AU  - F., Juan D. Colmenares
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
T1  - On the accuracy of RANS simulations with DNS data.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 28
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 21
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Simulation results conducted for incompressible planar wall-bounded turbulent flows with the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with no modeling involved are presented. Instead, all terms but the molecular diffusion are represented by the data from direct numerical simulation (DNS). In simulations, the transport equations for velocity moments through the second order (and the fourth order where the data are available) are solved in a zero-pressure gradient boundary layer over a flat plate and in a fully developed channel flow in a wide range of Reynolds numbers using DNS data from Sillero et al., Lee and Moser, and Jeyapaul et al. The results obtained demonstrate that DNS data are the significant and dominant source of uncertainty in such simulations (hereafter, RANS-DNS simulations). Effects of the Reynolds number, flow geometry, and the velocity moment order as well as an uncertainty quantification technique used to collect the DNS data on the results of RANS-DNS simulations are analyzed. New criteria for uncertainty quantification in statistical data collected from DNS are proposed to guarantee the data accuracy sufficient for their use in RANS equations and for the turbulence model validation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions
KW  - TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - ACQUISITION of data
N1  - Accession Number: 119961580; Poroseva, Svetlana V. 1; Email Address: poroseva@unm.edu F., Juan D. Colmenares 1 Murman, Scott M. 2; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 28 Issue 11, p1; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations -- Numerical solutions; Subject Term: TURBULENCE -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: ACQUISITION of data; Number of Pages: 21p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 19 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4966639
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Currey, Chris
AU  - Bartle, Aron
AU  - Lukashin, Constantine
AU  - Roithmayr, Carlos
AU  - Gallagher, James
T1  - Multi-Instrument Inter-Calibration (MIIC) System.
JO  - Remote Sensing
JF  - Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 8
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 20724292
AB  - In order to have confidence in the long-term records of atmospheric and surface properties derived from satellite measurements it is important to know the stability and accuracy of the actual radiance or reflectance measurements. Climate quality measurements require accurate calibration of space-borne instruments. Inter-calibration is the process that ties the calibration of a target instrument to a more accurate, preferably SI-traceable, reference instrument by matching measurements in time, space, wavelength, and view angles. A major challenge for any inter-calibration study is to find and acquire matched samples from within the large data volumes distributed across Earth science data centers. Typically less than 0.1% of the instrument data are required for inter-calibration analysis. Software tools and networking middleware are necessary for intelligent selection and retrieval of matched samples from multiple instruments on separate spacecraft. This paper discusses the Multi-Instrument Inter-Calibration (MIIC) system, a web-based software framework used by the Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) Pathfinder mission to simplify the data management mechanics of inter-calibration. MIIC provides three main services: (1) inter-calibration event prediction; (2) data acquisition; and (3) data analysis. The combination of event prediction and powerful server-side functions reduces the data volume required for inter-calibration studies by several orders of magnitude, dramatically reducing network bandwidth and disk storage needs. MIIC provides generic retrospective analysis services capable of sifting through large data volumes of existing instrument data. The MIIC tiered design deployed at large institutional data centers can help international organizations, such as Global Space Based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS), more efficiently acquire matched data from multiple data centers. In this paper we describe the MIIC architecture and services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL instruments -- Calibration
KW  - LOW earth orbit satellites
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - DATA acquisition systems
KW  - CLARREO
KW  - inter-calibration
KW  - OPeNDAP
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 119798495; Currey, Chris 1; Email Address: jon.c.currey@nasa.gov Bartle, Aron 2; Email Address: aron.bartle@mechdyne.com Lukashin, Constantine 1; Email Address: constantine.lukashin-1@nasa.gov Roithmayr, Carlos 1; Email Address: carlos.m.roithmayr@nasa.gov Gallagher, James 3; Email Address: jgallagher@opendap.org; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Mechdyne Corporation, Virginia Beach, VA 23462, USA  3: OPeNDAP, Inc., Butte, MT 59701, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 8 Issue 11, p1; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL instruments -- Calibration; Subject Term: LOW earth orbit satellites; Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: DATA acquisition systems; Author-Supplied Keyword: CLARREO; Author-Supplied Keyword: inter-calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: OPeNDAP; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/rs8110902
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119798495&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mishra, Nischal
AU  - Helder, Dennis
AU  - Barsi, Julia
AU  - Markham, Brian
T1  - Continuous calibration improvement in solar reflective bands: Landsat 5 through Landsat 8.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 185
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 15
SN  - 00344257
AB  - Launched in February 2013, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) on-board Landsat 8 continues to perform exceedingly well and provides high quality science data globally. Several design enhancements have been made in the OLI instrument relative to prior Landsat instruments: pushbroom imaging which provides substantially improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), spectral bandpasses refinement to avoid atmospheric absorption features, 12 bit data resolution to provide a larger dynamic range that limits the saturation level and increases SNR, a set of well-designed onboard calibrators to monitor the stability of the sensor. Some of these changes, such as refinements in spectral bandpasses compared to earlier Landsats and a well-designed on-board calibrator have a direct impact on the improved radiometric calibration performance of the instrument from both the stability of the response and the ability to track the changes. The on-board calibrator lamps and diffusers indicate that the instrument drift is generally < 0.1% per year across the bands. The refined bandpasses of the OLI indicate that temporal uncertainty of better than 0.5% is possible when the instrument is trended over vicarious targets such as Pseudo Invariant Calibration Sites (PICS), a level of precision that was never achieved with the earlier Landsat instruments. With three years of data available, the stability measurements indicated by on-board calibrators and PICS agree to 0.5%, which is much better compared to the earlier Landsats, which is very encouraging and bodes well for the future Landsat missions too. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR reflectors
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - SOLAR technology
KW  - SOLAR radiation
KW  - THEMATIC mapper satellite
KW  - Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM +)
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Operation land imager (OLI)
KW  - Radiometric calibration
KW  - Thematic mapper (TM)
N1  - Accession Number: 118541279; Mishra, Nischal 1; Email Address: Nischal.Mishra@sdstate.edu Helder, Dennis 1; Email Address: Dennis.Helder@sdstate.edu Barsi, Julia 2; Email Address: julia.barsi@nasa.gov Markham, Brian 3; Email Address: Brian.L.Markham@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Engineering-Office of Research, South Dakota State University (SDSU), Brookings, SD 57007, USA  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., NASA/GSFC Code 618, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA,  3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Code 618, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Centre (NASA/GSFC), Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 185, p7; Subject Term: SOLAR reflectors; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Subject Term: SOLAR technology; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Subject Term: THEMATIC mapper satellite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enhanced thematic mapper plus (ETM +); Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Operation land imager (OLI); Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiometric calibration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thematic mapper (TM); NAICS/Industry Codes: 238160 Roofing Contractors; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.07.032
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pérez-Sierra, A.M.
AU  - Pons, J.
AU  - Santamarta, R.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Stability of a Ni-rich Ni-Ti-Zr high temperature shape memory alloy upon low temperature aging and thermal cycling.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 50
SN  - 13596462
AB  - The thermal stability of Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Zr 20 with aging in austenite at 250 °C has been studied for three distinctive microstructures obtained after selected thermal treatments: precipitate free and containing two different sizes and densities of H-phase nanoprecipitates. The martensitic transformation is suppressed after 1–3 weeks aging, depending on the initial microstructure, due to a B2 phase instability in the form of short range atomic reordering within the Ti + Zr sublattice, considered to be precursor to the H-phase precipitation. Thermal cycling leads to notable changes in the transformation temperatures, which strongly depends on the starting microstructure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - STABILITY (Mechanics)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - EFFECT of high temperatures on metals
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - METALS at low temperatures
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - Aging
KW  - Martensitic phase transformations
KW  - Phase instability
KW  - Precipitation
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 117733059; Pérez-Sierra, A.M. 1 Pons, J. 1; Email Address: jaume.pons@uib.es Santamarta, R. 1 Karaman, I. 2 Noebe, R.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Departament de Física, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Ctra. de Valldemossa, km 7.5, E07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA  3: Structures and Materials Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 124, p47; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: STABILITY (Mechanics); Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on metals; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: METALS at low temperatures; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic phase transformations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase instability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.06.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiesner, Valerie L.
AU  - Vempati, Udaya K.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - High temperature viscosity of calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate glass from synthetic sand.
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 124
M3  - Article
SP  - 189
EP  - 192
SN  - 13596462
AB  - Viscosity of a calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate (CMAS) glass, melted from a synthetic sand with composition replicating that of air-breathing turbine engine deposits, was experimentally measured between 1215 °C and 1520 °C using a rotating spindle viscometer. Chemical composition of the CMAS glass before and after viscosity measurements was nominally 23.3CaO-6.4MgO-3.1Al 2 O 3 -62.5SiO 2 -4.1Na 2 O-0.5K 2 O-0.04Fe 2 O 3 (mol.%) as determined using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Experimental viscosity values were compared with those estimated from composition-based calculators of Giordano et al., Fluegel and FactSage software. Although none of these models exactly predicted viscosity values, those determined by Fluegel and FactSage models were found to more closely match experimental viscosity of the CMAS glass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Scripta Materialia is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIOPSIDE
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - METALLIC glasses
KW  - EFFECT of high temperatures on metals
KW  - VISCOSIMETERS
KW  - INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry
KW  - CMAS
KW  - Glass
KW  - Viscosity
N1  - Accession Number: 117733083; Wiesner, Valerie L. 1; Email Address: valerie.l.wiesner@nasa.gov Vempati, Udaya K. 2 Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc., Perrysburg, OH 43551, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 124, p189; Subject Term: DIOPSIDE; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: METALLIC glasses; Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on metals; Subject Term: VISCOSIMETERS; Subject Term: INDUCTIVELY coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: CMAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscosity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.07.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kim, Min H.
AU  - Hargsoon Yoon
AU  - Choi, Sang H.
AU  - Fei Zhao
AU  - Jongsung Kim
AU  - Song, Kyo D.
AU  - Lee, Uhn
T1  - Miniaturized and Wireless Optical Neurotransmitter Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Dopamine in the Brain.
JO  - Sensors (14248220)
JF  - Sensors (14248220)
Y1  - 2016/11//
VL  - 16
IS  - 11
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 13
SN  - 14248220
AB  - Real-time monitoring of extracellular neurotransmitter concentration offers great benefits for diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders and diseases. This paper presents the study design and results of a miniaturized and wireless optical neurotransmitter sensor (MWONS) for real-time monitoring of brain dopamine concentration. MWONS is based on fluorescent sensing principles and comprises a microspectrometer unit, a microcontroller for data acquisition, and a Bluetooth wireless network for real-time monitoring. MWONS has a custom-designed application software that controls the operation parameters for excitation light sources, data acquisition, and signal processing. MWONS successfully demonstrated a measurement capability with a limit of detection down to a 100 nanomole dopamine concentration, and high selectivity to ascorbic acid (90:1) and uric acid (36:1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors (14248220) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DOPAMINE -- Analysis
KW  - MINIATURE electronic equipment
KW  - BRAIN chemistry
KW  - NEUROTRANSMITTERS
KW  - OPTICAL sensors
KW  - dopamine
KW  - fluorescence
KW  - microspectrometer
KW  - optical sensing
KW  - wireless
N1  - Accession Number: 119760742; Kim, Min H. 1; Email Address: m.kim@spartans.nsu.edu Hargsoon Yoon 1,2; Email Address: hyoon@nsu.edu Choi, Sang H. 3; Email Address: sang.h.choi@nasa.gov Fei Zhao 4; Email Address: zhaofei0911@gmail.com Jongsung Kim 4; Email Address: jongkim@gachon.ac.kr Song, Kyo D. 1,2; Email Address: ksong@nsu.edu Lee, Uhn 5; Email Address: uhn@gachon.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Center for Materials Research, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA  2: Neural Engineering and Nano Electronics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  4: Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea  5: Department of Neurosurgery, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon 21936, Korea; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 16 Issue 11, p1; Subject Term: DOPAMINE -- Analysis; Subject Term: MINIATURE electronic equipment; Subject Term: BRAIN chemistry; Subject Term: NEUROTRANSMITTERS; Subject Term: OPTICAL sensors; Author-Supplied Keyword: dopamine; Author-Supplied Keyword: fluorescence; Author-Supplied Keyword: microspectrometer; Author-Supplied Keyword: optical sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: wireless; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/s16111894
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - M. N. Simon
AU  - I. Pascucci
AU  - S. Edwards
AU  - W. Feng
AU  - U. Gorti
AU  - D. Hollenbach
AU  - E. Rigliaco
AU  - J. T. Keane
T1  - TRACING SLOW WINDS FROM T TAURI STARS VIA LOW-VELOCITY FORBIDDEN LINE EMISSION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/11/10/
VL  - 831
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Using Keck/HIRES spectra (Δ v ∼ 7 km s−1) we analyze forbidden lines of [O i] 6300 Å, [O i] 5577 Å and [S ii] 6731 Å from 33 T Tauri stars covering a range of disk evolutionary stages. After removing a high-velocity component (HVC) associated with microjets, we study the properties of the low-velocity component (LVC). The LVC can be attributed to slow disk winds that could be magnetically (magnetohydrodynamic) or thermally (photoevaporative) driven. Both of these winds play an important role in the evolution and dispersal of protoplanetary material. LVC emission is seen in all 30 stars with detected [O i] but only in two out of eight with detected [S ii], so our analysis is largely based on the properties of the [O i] LVC. The LVC itself is resolved into broad (BC) and narrow (NC) kinematic components. Both components are found over a wide range of accretion rates and their luminosity is correlated with the accretion luminosity, but the NC is proportionately stronger than the BC in transition disks. The full width at half maximum of both the BC and NC correlates with disk inclination, consistent with Keplerian broadening from radii of 0.05 to 0.5 au and 0.5 to 5 au, respectively. The velocity centroids of the BC suggest formation in an MHD disk wind, with the largest blueshifts found in sources with closer to face-on orientations. The velocity centroids of the NC, however, show no dependence on disk inclination. The origin of this component is less clear and the evidence for photoevaporation is not conclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VELOCITY
KW  - KINEMATICS
KW  - MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - CENTROID
KW  - LUMINOSITY
N1  - Accession Number: 119358539; M. N. Simon 1 I. Pascucci 1,2,3 S. Edwards 2,4 W. Feng 5 U. Gorti 6,7 D. Hollenbach 6 E. Rigliaco 2,8 J. T. Keane 1; Affiliation:  1: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer, Keck Observatory.  3: Earth in Other Solar Systems (EOSS) team.  4: Five College Astronomy Department, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA  5: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Institute for Astronomy, ETH Zurich, Wolfgang-Pauli-Strasse 27, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Source Info: 11/10/2016, Vol. 831 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: VELOCITY; Subject Term: KINEMATICS; Subject Term: MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: CENTROID; Subject Term: LUMINOSITY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/831/2/169
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bahr, Christopher J.
AU  - Cattafesta, Louis N.
T1  - Wavenumber–frequency deconvolution of aeroacoustic microphone phased array data of arbitrary coherence.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2016/11/10/
VL  - 382
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 42
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Deconvolution of aeroacoustic data acquired with microphone phased arrays is a computationally challenging task for distributed sources with arbitrary coherence. A new technique for performing such deconvolution is proposed. This technique relies on analysis of the array data in the wavenumber–frequency domain, allowing for fast convolution and reduced storage requirements when compared to traditional coherent deconvolution. A positive semidefinite constraint for the iterative deconvolution procedure is implemented and shows improved behavior in terms of quantifiable convergence metrics when compared to a standalone covariance inequality constraint. A series of simulations validates the method׳s ability to resolve coherence and phase angle relationships between partially coherent sources, as well as determines convergence criteria for deconvolution analysis. Simulations for point sources near the microphone phased array show potential for handling such data in the wavenumber–frequency domain. In particular, a physics-based integration boundary calculation is described, and can successfully isolate sources and track the appropriate integration bounds with and without the presence of flow. Magnitude and phase relationships between multiple sources are successfully extracted. Limitations of the deconvolution technique are determined from the simulations, particularly in the context of a simulated acoustic field in a closed test section wind tunnel with strong boundary layer contamination. A final application to a trailing edge noise experiment conducted in an open-jet wind tunnel matches best estimates of acoustic levels from traditional calculation methods and qualitatively assesses the coherence characteristics of the trailing edge noise source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVENUMBER
KW  - DECONVOLUTION (Mathematics)
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - Beamforming
KW  - Deconvolution
KW  - Phased array
KW  - Wavenumber-frequency
N1  - Accession Number: 117295654; Bahr, Christopher J. 1; Email Address: christopher.j.bahr@nasa.gov Cattafesta, Louis N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Aeroacoustics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Florida Center for Advanced Aero-Propulsion (FCAAP), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 382, p13; Subject Term: WAVENUMBER; Subject Term: DECONVOLUTION (Mathematics); Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Beamforming; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deconvolution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phased array; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wavenumber-frequency; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2016.06.044
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Spalt, Taylor B.
AU  - Brooks, Thomas F.
AU  - Fuller, Christopher R.
T1  - Constrained Spectral Conditioning for spatial sound level estimation.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2016/11/10/
VL  - 382
M3  - Article
SP  - 379
EP  - 394
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - Microphone arrays are utilized in aeroacoustic testing to spatially map the sound emitted from an article under study. Whereas a single microphone allows only the total sound level to be estimated at the measurement location, an array permits differentiation between the contributions of distinct components. The accuracy of these spatial sound estimates produced by post-processing the array outputs is continuously being improved. One way of increasing the estimation accuracy is to filter the array outputs before they become inputs to a post-processor. This work presents a constrained method of linear filtering for microphone arrays which minimizes the total signal present on the array channels while preserving the signal from a targeted spatial location. Thus, each single-channel, filtered output for a given targeted location estimates only the signal from that location, even when multiple and/or distributed sources have been measured simultaneously. The method is based on Conditioned Spectral Analysis and modifies the Wiener–Hopf equation in a manner similar to the Generalized Sidelobe Canceller. This modified form of Conditioned Spectral Analysis is embedded within an iterative loop and termed Constrained Spectral Conditioning. Linear constraints are derived which prevent the cancellation of targeted signal due to random statistical error as well as location error in the sensor and/or source positions. The increased spatial mapping accuracy of Constrained Spectral Conditioning is shown for a simulated dataset of point sources which vary in strength. An experimental point source is used to validate the efficacy of the constraints which yield preservation of the targeted signal at the expense of reduced filtering ability. The beamforming results of a cold, supersonic jet demonstrate the qualitative and quantitative improvement obtained when using this technique to map a spatially-distributed, complex, and possibly coherent sound source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOUND waves
KW  - MICROPHONE
KW  - AEROACOUSTICS
KW  - ESTIMATION theory
KW  - HOPF bifurcations
KW  - DESIGN & construction
KW  - Phased arraySpatial filteringPreprocessorBeamformingLinear constraint
N1  - Accession Number: 117295648; Spalt, Taylor B. 1; Email Address: T.B.Spalt@gmail.com Brooks, Thomas F. 1 Fuller, Christopher R. 2,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: Vibrations and Acoustics Lab, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA  3: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA 23666, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 382, p379; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Subject Term: MICROPHONE; Subject Term: AEROACOUSTICS; Subject Term: ESTIMATION theory; Subject Term: HOPF bifurcations; Subject Term: DESIGN & construction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phased arraySpatial filteringPreprocessorBeamformingLinear constraint; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334310 Audio and Video Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2016.07.011
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moffett, Amanda J.
AU  - Lange, Rebecca
AU  - Driver, Simon P.
AU  - Robotham, Aaron S. G.
AU  - Kelvin, Lee S.
AU  - Alpaslan, Mehmet
AU  - Andrews, Stephen K.
AU  - Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
AU  - Brough, Sarah
AU  - Cluver, Michelle E.
AU  - Colless, Matthew
AU  - Davies, Luke J. M.
AU  - Holwerda, Benne W.
AU  - Hopkins, Andrew M.
AU  - Kafle, Prajwal R.
AU  - Liske, Jochen
AU  - Meyer, Martin
T1  - Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): the stellar mass budget of galaxy spheroids and discs.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/11/11/
VL  - 462
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4336
EP  - 4348
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We build on a recent photometric decomposition analysis of 7506 Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA) survey galaxies to derive stellar mass function fits to individual spheroid and disc component populations down to a lower mass limit of log(M*/M⊙) = 8. We find that the spheroid/disc mass distributions for individual galaxy morphological types are well described by single Schechter function forms. We derive estimates of the total stellar mass densities in spheroids (ρspheroid = 1.24 ± 0.49 × 108 M⊙ Mpc −3h0.7) and discs (ρdisc = 1.20 ± 0.45 × 108 M⊙ Mpc −3h0.7), which translates to approximately 50 per cent of the local stellar mass density in spheroids and 48 per cent in discs. The remaining stellar mass is found in the dwarf ‘little blue spheroid’ class, which is not obviously similar in structure to either classical spheroid or disc populations. We also examine the variation of component mass ratios across galaxy mass and group halo mass regimes, finding the transition from spheroid to disc mass dominance occurs near galaxy stellar mass ∼1011 M⊙ and group halo mass ∼1012.5 M⊙h−1. We further quantify the variation in spheroid-to-total mass ratio with group halo mass for central and satellite populations as well as the radial variation of this ratio within groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - GALACTIC halos
KW  - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD
KW  - galaxies: fundamental parameters
KW  - galaxies: luminosity function, mass function
KW  - galaxies: spiral
KW  - galaxies: statistics
KW  - GALAXY & Mass Assembly survey
N1  - Accession Number: 118839784; Moffett, Amanda J. 1; Email Address: amanda.moffett@uwa.edu.au Lange, Rebecca 1 Driver, Simon P. 1,2 Robotham, Aaron S. G. 1 Kelvin, Lee S. 3 Alpaslan, Mehmet 4 Andrews, Stephen K. 1 Bland-Hawthorn, Joss 5 Brough, Sarah 6 Cluver, Michelle E. 7 Colless, Matthew 8 Davies, Luke J. M. 1 Holwerda, Benne W. 9 Hopkins, Andrew M. 6 Kafle, Prajwal R. 1 Liske, Jochen 10 Meyer, Martin 1; Affiliation:  1: ICRAR, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley WA 6009, Australia.  2: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK.  3: Astrophysics Research Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, IC2, Liverpool Science Park, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, N232, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA.  5: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.  6: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 915, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia.  7: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Robert Sobukwe Road, Bellville 7535, South Africa.  8: Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia.  9: University of Leiden, Sterrenwacht Leiden, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands.  10: Hamburger Sternwarte, Universitat Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, D-21029 Hamburg, Germany.; Source Info: 11/11/2016, Vol. 462 Issue 4, p4336; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: GALACTIC halos; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: fundamental parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: luminosity function, mass function; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: spiral; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: statistics; Company/Entity: GALAXY & Mass Assembly survey; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 3 Charts, 10 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw1861
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brouwer, Margot M.
AU  - Cacciato, Marcello
AU  - Dvornik, Andrej
AU  - Eardley, Lizzie
AU  - Heymans, Catherine
AU  - Hoekstra, Henk
AU  - Kuijken, Konrad
AU  - McNaught-Roberts, Tamsyn
AU  - Sifón, Cristóbal
AU  - Viola, Massimo
AU  - Alpaslan, Mehmet
AU  - Bilicki, Maciej
AU  - Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
AU  - Brough, Sarah
AU  - Choi, Ami
AU  - Driver, Simon P.
AU  - Erben, Thomas
AU  - Grado, Aniello
AU  - Hildebrandt, Hendrik
AU  - Holwerda, Benne W.
T1  - Dependence of GAMA galaxy halo masses on the cosmic web environment from 100 deg2 of KiDS weak lensing data.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/11/11/
VL  - 462
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4451
EP  - 4463
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Galaxies and their dark matter haloes are part of a complex network of mass structures, collectively called the cosmic web. Using the tidal tensor prescription these structures can be classified into four cosmic environments: voids, sheets, filaments and knots. As the cosmicweb may influence the formation and evolution of dark matter haloes and the galaxies they host, we aim to study the effect of these cosmic environments on the average mass of galactic haloes. To this end we measure the galaxy–galaxy lensing profile of 91 195 galaxies, within 0.039 < z < 0.263, from the spectroscopic Galaxy And Mass Assembly survey, using ∼100 deg2 of overlapping data from the Kilo-Degree Survey. In each of the four cosmic environments we model the contributions from group centrals, satellites and neighbouring groups to the stacked galaxy–galaxy lensing profiles. After correcting the lens samples for differences in the stellar mass distribution, we find no dependence of the average halo mass of central galaxies on their cosmic environment. We do find a significant increase in the average contribution of neighbouring groups to the lensing profile in increasingly dense cosmic environments. We show, however, that the observed effect can be entirely attributed to the galaxy density at much smaller scales (within 4 h−1 Mpc), which is correlated with the density of the cosmic environments. Within our current uncertainties we find no direct dependence of galaxy halo mass on their cosmic environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DARK matter (Astronomy)
KW  - GALACTIC halos
KW  - COSMIC rays
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL lenses
KW  - SPECTRUM analysis
KW  - dark matter
KW  - galaxies: haloes
KW  - gravitational lensing: weak
KW  - large-scale structure of Universe
KW  - methods: statistical
KW  - surveys
KW  - GALAXY & Mass Assembly survey
N1  - Accession Number: 118809995; Brouwer, Margot M. 1; Email Address: brouwer@strw.leidenuniv.nl Cacciato, Marcello 1 Dvornik, Andrej 1 Eardley, Lizzie 2 Heymans, Catherine 2 Hoekstra, Henk 1 Kuijken, Konrad 1 McNaught-Roberts, Tamsyn 3 Sifón, Cristóbal 1 Viola, Massimo 1 Alpaslan, Mehmet 4 Bilicki, Maciej 1 Bland-Hawthorn, Joss 5 Brough, Sarah 6 Choi, Ami 2 Driver, Simon P. 7,8 Erben, Thomas 9 Grado, Aniello 10 Hildebrandt, Hendrik 9 Holwerda, Benne W. 1; Affiliation:  1: Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, NL-2333 CA Leiden, the Netherlands.  2: SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK.  3: ICC and CEA, Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.  4: NASA Ames Research Center, N232, Moffett Field, Mountain View, CA 94035, USA.  5: Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.  6: Australian Astronomical Observatory, PO Box 915, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia.  7: ICRAR M468, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.  8: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9SS, UK.  9: Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, D-53121 Bonn, Germany.  10: INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, I-80131 Napoli, Italy.; Source Info: 11/11/2016, Vol. 462 Issue 4, p4451; Subject Term: DARK matter (Astronomy); Subject Term: GALACTIC halos; Subject Term: COSMIC rays; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL lenses; Subject Term: SPECTRUM analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: dark matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: galaxies: haloes; Author-Supplied Keyword: gravitational lensing: weak; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale structure of Universe; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Company/Entity: GALAXY & Mass Assembly survey; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw1602
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borner, Arnaud
AU  - Swaminathan-Gopalan, Krishnan
AU  - Stephani, Kelly A.
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
T1  - Detailed DSMC Surface Chemistry Modeling of the Oxidation of Carbon-Based Ablators.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2016/11/15/
VL  - 1786
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This work employs a recently developed gas-surface interaction model (referred to herein as PSMM) constructed from molecular beam experimental data for use with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. While recent models have been proposed to produce macroscopic rates consistent with the experimental measurements for use in CFD solvers, this work aims to reproduce the microscopic details (including angular distributions and time-of-flight distributions) obtained from the experimental data for modeling gas-surface interactions in DSMC. The different mechanisms considered for the PSMM model include adsorption, desorption, surface participating and direct impact mechanisms. The microscopic data of probabilities and characteristic frequencies for each type of reaction are obtained from the macroscopic parameters of reaction rate constants and sticking coefficients. Numerical simulations closely resembling a recent set of molecular beam experiments were performed using this model within DSMC, and the performance of the Zhluktov-Abe and Alba models is also assessed. The molecular beam experiments involved the bombardment of a relatively smooth vitreous carbon surface using a hyperthermal O/O2 beam to understand the product formation and the detailed reaction mechanisms and scattering at the surface. A comparison of the numerical flux distributions from the Zhluktov-Abe and Alba models with experimental flux distributions of the scattered products at different temperatures showed significant discrepancies. The PSMM model was found to reproduce the scattered product mole fractions as a function of temperature, as well as the reactively scattered CO time-of-flight data. Future work will aim to improve the DSMC predicted time-of-flight data for inelastically and elastically scattered O atoms based on the experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON -- Absorption & adsorption
KW  - SURFACE chemistry
KW  - ABLATIVE materials
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - MOLECULAR beam epitaxy
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
N1  - Accession Number: 119558051; Borner, Arnaud 1,2; Email Address: arnaud.p.borner@nasa.gov Swaminathan-Gopalan, Krishnan 1 Stephani, Kelly A. 1 Mansour, Nagi N. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA  2: Computational Physics Branch, Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 1786 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CARBON -- Absorption & adsorption; Subject Term: SURFACE chemistry; Subject Term: ABLATIVE materials; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: MOLECULAR beam epitaxy; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4967612
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Liechty, Derek S.
AU  - Burt, Jonathan M.
T1  - Extension of the Viscous Collision Limiting Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Technique to Multiple Species.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2016/11/15/
VL  - 1786
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - There are many flows fields that span a wide range of length scales where regions of both rarefied and continuum flow exist and neither direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) nor computational fluid dynamics (CFD) provide the appropriate solution everywhere. Recently, a new viscous collision limited (VCL) DSMC technique was proposed to incorporate effects of physical diffusion into collision limiter calculations to make the low Knudsen number regime normally limited to CFD more tractable for an all-particle technique. This original work had been derived for a single-species gas. The current work extends the VCL-DSMC technique to gases with multiple species. Similar derivations were performed to equate numerical and physical transport coefficients. However, a more rigorous treatment of determining the mixture viscosity is applied. In the original work, consideration was given to internal energy nonequilibrium, and this is also extended in the current work to chemical non-equilibrium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - IMPACT (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - KNUDSEN flow
KW  - GAS flow
N1  - Accession Number: 119557997; Liechty, Derek S. 1; Email Address: Derek.S.Liechty@nasa.gov Burt, Jonathan M. 2; Email Address: Jonathan.M.Burt@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Aerothermodynamics Branch, MS 408A, Hampton, VA 23681  2: U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 1786 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: IMPACT (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: KNUDSEN flow; Subject Term: GAS flow; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 8 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4967558
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119557997&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gundersen, Gregory W.
AU  - Jagodnik, Kathleen M.
AU  - Woodland, Holly
AU  - Fernandez, Nicholas F.
AU  - Sani, Kevin
AU  - Dohlman, Anders B.
AU  - Man-Un Ung, Peter
AU  - Monteiro, Caroline D.
AU  - Schlessinger, Avner
AU  - Ma'ayan, Avi
T1  - GEN3VA: aggregation and analysis of gene expression signatures from related studies.
JO  - BMC Bioinformatics
JF  - BMC Bioinformatics
Y1  - 2016/11/15/
VL  - 17
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
PB  - BioMed Central
SN  - 14712105
AB  - Background: Genome-wide gene expression profiling of mammalian cells is becoming a staple of many published biomedical and biological research studies. Such data is deposited into data repositories such as the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) for potential reuse. However, these repositories currently do not provide simple interfaces to systematically analyze collections of related studies. Results: Here we present GENE Expression and Enrichment Vector Analyzer (GEN3VA), a web-based system that enables the integrative analysis of aggregated collections of tagged gene expression signatures identified and extracted from GEO. Each tagged collection of signatures is presented in a report that consists of heatmaps of the differentially expressed genes; principal component analysis of all signatures; enrichment analysis with several gene set libraries across all signatures, which we term enrichment vector analysis; and global mapping of small molecules that are predicted to reverse or mimic each signature in the aggregate. We demonstrate how GEN3VA can be used to identify common molecular mechanisms of aging by analyzing tagged signatures from 244 studies that compared young vs. old tissues in mammalian systems. In a second case study, we collected 86 signatures from treatment of human cells with dexamethasone, a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist. Our analysis confirms consensus GR target genes and predicts potential drug mimickers. Conclusions: GEN3VA can be used to identify, aggregate, and analyze themed collections of gene expression signatures from diverse but related studies. Such integrative analyses can be used to address concerns about data reproducibility, confirm results across labs, and discover new collective knowledge by data reuse. GEN3VA is an open-source web-based system that is freely available at: http://amp.pharm.mssm.edu/gen3va. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of BMC Bioinformatics is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAMMALIAN cell cycle
KW  - GENETIC engineering
KW  - GENE targeting
KW  - GENETIC models
KW  - GLUCOCORTICOIDS -- Receptors
KW  - Data mining
KW  - Interactive reports
KW  - Microarrays
KW  - Systems Biology
N1  - Accession Number: 119504966; Gundersen, Gregory W. 1,2 Jagodnik, Kathleen M. 3,4 Woodland, Holly 5 Fernandez, Nicholas F. 1,2 Sani, Kevin 1,2 Dohlman, Anders B. 1,2 Man-Un Ung, Peter 1 Monteiro, Caroline D. 1,2 Schlessinger, Avner 1 Ma'ayan, Avi 1,2; Email Address: avi.maayan@mssm.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Pharmacological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA  2: Mount Sinai Center for Bioinformatics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1603, New York, NY 10029, USA  3: Fluid Physics and Transport Processes Branch, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA  5: Daylesford, The Fairway, Weybridge, Surrey KT13 0RZ, UK; Source Info: 11/15/2016, Vol. 17, p1; Subject Term: MAMMALIAN cell cycle; Subject Term: GENETIC engineering; Subject Term: GENE targeting; Subject Term: GENETIC models; Subject Term: GLUCOCORTICOIDS -- Receptors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data mining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interactive reports; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Systems Biology; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1186/s12859-016-1321-1
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119504966&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ricks, Trenton M.
AU  - Jr.Lacy, Thomas E.
AU  - Pineda, Evan J.
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Computationally efficient High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells micromechanics via order-reduction techniques.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2016/11/15/
VL  - 156
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 9
SN  - 02638223
AB  - The High-Fidelity Generalized Method of Cells (HFGMC) is a powerful technique for simulating composite materials. The HFGMC uses a higher-order approximation for the subcell displacement field that allows for accurate determination of the subcell stress/strain fields. In order to reduce computational costs associated with the solution of the ensuing system of simultaneous equations, the HFGMC global system of equations for doubly-periodic RUCs was reduced in size through the use of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. Accurate order-reduced HFGMC models were then implemented within a special-purpose finite element user material subroutine and used to perform multiscale composite analyses. A number of cases were presented that demonstrate the computational feasibility of using order-reduction techniques to solve solid mechanics problems with complex microstructures. By simulating composite materials in a more computationally efficient manner, a pathway forward is presented for performing high-fidelity multiscale analyses of composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STRESS-strain curves
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - SOLID mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE structures
KW  - Composites
KW  - Method of cells
KW  - Micromechanics
KW  - Multiscale
KW  - Order-reduction
N1  - Accession Number: 119097056; Ricks, Trenton M. 1; Email Address: tmr95@msstate.edu Jr.Lacy, Thomas E. 1; Email Address: lacy@ae.msstate.edu Pineda, Evan J. 2; Email Address: evan.j.pineda@nasa.gov Bednarcyk, Brett A. 2; Email Address: brett.a.bednarcyk@nasa.gov Arnold, Steven M. 2; Email Address: steven.m.arnold@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Department of Aerospace Engineering, Mississippi State University, PO Box A, Mississippi State, MS 39762, United States  2: Multiscale Multiphysics Modeling Branch, Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Rd. MS 49-7, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 156, p2; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STRESS-strain curves; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: SOLID mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Method of cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiscale; Author-Supplied Keyword: Order-reduction; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.05.093
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Esteki, K.
AU  - Rozario, H.
AU  - Naseri, H.
AU  - Latif, S.
AU  - Thibault, F.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Mantz, A.W.
T1  - Theoretical and revisited experimentally retrieved He-broadened line parameters of carbon monoxide in the fundamental band.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2016/11/15/
VL  - 184
M3  - Article
SP  - 322
EP  - 340
SN  - 00224073
AB  - We report revisited experimentally retrieved and theoretically calculated He-broadened Lorentz half-width coefficients and He- pressure-shift coefficients of 45 carbon monoxide transitions in the 1←0 band. The spectra analyzed in this study were recorded over a range of temperatures between 79 and 296 K. The He-broadened line parameters and their temperature dependences were retrieved using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares analysis program. The line shape models used in this study include Voigt, speed dependent Voigt, Rautian (to take into account confinement narrowing) and Rautian with speed dependence, all with an asymmetric component added to account for weak line mixing effects. We were unable to retrieve the temperature dependence of line mixing coefficients. A classical method was used to determine the He-narrowing parameters while quantum dynamical calculations were performed to determine He-broadening and He-pressure shifts coefficients at different temperatures. The line mixing coefficients were also derived from the exponential power gap law and the energy corrected sudden approximation. The current measurements and theoretical results are compared with other published results, where appropriate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON monoxide
KW  - LORENTZ theory
KW  - NONLINEAR analysis
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - SPECTRAL line broadening
KW  - CO–He widths and shifts
KW  - Infrared spectra
KW  - Line mixing
KW  - Spectral line shapes
KW  - Speed dependence
KW  - Temperature dependences of widths and shifts
N1  - Accession Number: 118739996; Predoi-Cross, A. 1; Email Address: adriana.predoicross@uleth.ca Esteki, K. 1 Rozario, H. 1 Naseri, H. 1 Latif, S. 1 Thibault, F. 2 Malathy Devi, V. 3 Smith, M.A.H. 4 Mantz, A.W. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1K 6R4  2: Institut de Physique de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6251, Université de Rennes 1, 35042 Rennes, France  3: Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187, USA  4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  5: Dept. of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT 06320, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 184, p322; Subject Term: CARBON monoxide; Subject Term: LORENTZ theory; Subject Term: NONLINEAR analysis; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: SPECTRAL line broadening; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO–He widths and shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectra; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line mixing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral line shapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Speed dependence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependences of widths and shifts; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.08.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hofmeister, Anne M.
AU  - Sehlke, Alexander
AU  - Avard, Geoffroy
AU  - Bollasina, Anthony J.
AU  - Robert, Geneviève
AU  - Whittington, Alan G.
T1  - Transport properties of glassy and molten lavas as a function of temperature and composition.
JO  - Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
JF  - Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research
Y1  - 2016/11/15/
VL  - 327
M3  - Article
SP  - 330
EP  - 348
SN  - 03770273
AB  - We provide measurements of thermal diffusivity ( D ), heat capacity ( C P ), and viscosity ( η ) for 12 remelted natural lavas and 4 synthetic glasses and melts, ranging in composition from leucogranite to low-silica basalt, and calculate their thermal conductivity. Both viscosity and the glass transition temperature decrease with decreasing melt polymerization. For basaltic glasses, D is low, ~ 0.5 mm 2 s − 1 at room temperature, decreases slightly with increasing temperature, and then drops upon melting to ~ 0.25 to 0.35 mm 2 s − 1 . Other samples behave similarly. Despite scatter, clear correlations exist between D of glass or melt with Si content, density, NBO/T, and, most strongly, with fragility ( m ). Glass thermal diffusivity is represented by D = F T − G + H T , where F, G and H are fitting parameters. For melts, ∂ D /∂ T was resolved only for dacite-andesite and MORB: a positive slope is consistent with other iron-bearing samples. Glass and liquid C P depend on density and other physical properties, but not exactly in the same manner as D. We calculate thermal conductivity ( k ) from these data and demonstrate that k for glasses is described by a Maier-Kelly formula. Large scatter exists for k at 298 K, but silicic to intermediate melts have k between 1.8 and 1.3 Wm − 1 K − 1 , whereas basaltic melts are constrained to ~ 1.4 ± 0.1 Wm − 1 k − 1 . Low values for thermal diffusivity and viscosity for basaltic melts suggests that basalts transfer heat much more efficiently by advection than by conduction alone, and that partially molten zones in the mantle quickly become more thermally insulating than non-molten zones, potentially contributing to melt localization during decompression melting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Volcanology & Geothermal Research is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LAVA
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - HEAT capacity
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - MELTING
KW  - Glass
KW  - Heat capacity
KW  - High-temperature
KW  - Lavas
KW  - Melt
KW  - Thermal conductivity
KW  - Thermal diffusivity
KW  - Viscosity
N1  - Accession Number: 120176493; Hofmeister, Anne M. 1; Email Address: Hofmeist@wustl.edu Sehlke, Alexander 2,3 Avard, Geoffroy 2,4 Bollasina, Anthony J. 2 Robert, Geneviève 2,5 Whittington, Alan G. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA  3: Nasa Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: OVSICORI-UNA, Heredia, Costa Rica  5: Department of Geology, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 327, p330; Subject Term: LAVA; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: HEAT capacity; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: MELTING; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glass; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat capacity; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lavas; Author-Supplied Keyword: Melt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal diffusivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Viscosity; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2016.08.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120176493&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klose, Martina
AU  - Jemmett-Smith, Bradley
AU  - Kahanpää, Henrik
AU  - Kahre, Melinda
AU  - Knippertz, Peter
AU  - Lemmon, Mark
AU  - Lewis, Stephen
AU  - Lorenz, Ralph
AU  - Neakrase, Lynn
AU  - Newman, Claire
AU  - Patel, Manish
AU  - Reiss, Dennis
AU  - Spiga, Aymeric
AU  - Whelley, Patrick
T1  - Dust Devil Sediment Transport: From Lab to Field to Global Impact.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2016/11/15/
VL  - 203
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 377
EP  - 426
SN  - 00386308
AB  - The impact of dust aerosols on the climate and environment of Earth and Mars is complex and forms a major area of research. A difficulty arises in estimating the contribution of small-scale dust devils to the total dust aerosol. This difficulty is due to uncertainties in the amount of dust lifted by individual dust devils, the frequency of dust devil occurrence, and the lack of statistical generality of individual experiments and observations. In this paper, we review results of observational, laboratory, and modeling studies and provide an overview of dust devil dust transport on various spatio-temporal scales as obtained with the different research approaches. Methods used for the investigation of dust devils on Earth and Mars vary. For example, while the use of imagery for the investigation of dust devil occurrence frequency is common practice for Mars, this is less so the case for Earth. Modeling approaches for Earth and Mars are similar in that they are based on the same underlying theory, but they are applied in different ways. Insights into the benefits and limitations of each approach suggest potential future research focuses, which can further reduce the uncertainty associated with dust devil dust entrainment. The potential impacts of dust devils on the climates of Earth and Mars are discussed on the basis of the presented research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DUST devils
KW  - SEDIMENT transport
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - DUST storms
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - Dust devils
KW  - Dust emission
KW  - Dust environmental impact
KW  - Earth
KW  - Field measurements
KW  - Lab experiments
KW  - Mars
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Planetary atmospheres
KW  - Sediment transport
N1  - Accession Number: 119807622; Klose, Martina; Email Address: mklose@nmsu.edu Jemmett-Smith, Bradley 1; Email Address: b.jemmett-smith@leeds.ac.uk Kahanpää, Henrik 2; Email Address: henrik.kahanpaa@fmi.fi Kahre, Melinda 3; Email Address: melinda.a.kahre@nasa.gov Knippertz, Peter 4; Email Address: peter.knippertz@kit.edu Lemmon, Mark 5; Email Address: lemmon@tamu.edu Lewis, Stephen 6; Email Address: stephen.lewis@open.ac.uk Lorenz, Ralph 7; Email Address: Ralph.Lorenz@jhuapl.edu Neakrase, Lynn 8; Email Address: lneakras@nmsu.edu Newman, Claire 9; Email Address: claire@aeolisresearch.com Patel, Manish 6; Email Address: manish.patel@open.ac.uk Reiss, Dennis 10; Email Address: dennis.reiss@uni-muenster.de Spiga, Aymeric 11; Email Address: spiga@lmd.jussieu.fr Whelley, Patrick 12; Email Address: patrick.l.whelley@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment , University of Leeds , Leeds UK  2: Finnish Meteorological Institute , Helsinki Finland  3: NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field USA  4: Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Karlsruhe Germany  5: Department of Atmospheric Sciences , Texas A&M University , College Station USA  6: Department of Physical Sciences , The Open University , Milton Keynes UK  7: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab , Laurel USA  8: Department of Astronomy , New Mexico State University , Las Cruces USA  9: Aeolis Research , Suite 205, 600 North Rosemead Boulevard Pasadena 91107 USA  10: Institut für Planetologie , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Münster Germany  11: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique , Université Pierre et Marie Curie , Paris France  12: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 203 Issue 1-4, p377; Subject Term: DUST devils; Subject Term: SEDIMENT transport; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: DUST storms; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust devils; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust emission; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dust environmental impact; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Field measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lab experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sediment transport; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484230 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Long-Distance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 484220 Specialized Freight (except Used Goods) Trucking, Local; Number of Pages: 50p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-016-0261-4
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bauschlicher, Charles W.
T1  - Basis set effects on the geometry of C96H24.
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2016/11/16/
VL  - 665
M3  - Article
SP  - 100
EP  - 104
SN  - 00092614
AB  - C 96 H 24 has D 6 h symmetry using the 4-31G, 6-31G, cc-pVDZ, or cc-pVTZ basis sets, but has lower symmetry if the 6-31G ∗∗ or 6-311G ∗∗ basis sets are used. Changing the carbon 3d exponent in the 6-31G ∗∗ basis set can restore the D 6 h symmetry, but raises the total energy. The question of geometry vs basis set is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics)
KW  - SYMMETRY (Physics)
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - GEOMETRY
KW  - CARBON compounds
KW  - Basis set
KW  - Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - Symmetry
N1  - Accession Number: 119340044; Bauschlicher, Charles W. 1; Email Address: Charles.W.Bauschlicher@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 665, p100; Subject Term: BASIS sets (Quantum mechanics); Subject Term: SYMMETRY (Physics); Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: GEOMETRY; Subject Term: CARBON compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: Basis set; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Symmetry; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.10.060
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119340044&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okada, Takeru
AU  - Inoue, Kumi Y.
AU  - Kalita, Golap
AU  - Tanemura, Masaki
AU  - Matsue, Tomokazu
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Samukawa, Seiji
T1  - Bonding state and defects of nitrogen-doped graphene in oxygen reduction reaction.
JO  - Chemical Physics Letters
JF  - Chemical Physics Letters
Y1  - 2016/11/16/
VL  - 665
M3  - Article
SP  - 117
EP  - 120
SN  - 00092614
AB  - Nitrogen-doped graphene is favored as a catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) over rare metals. However, the effects of bonding state, nitrogen doped site and defects on catalytic conversion are still unclear. Here, we investigate oxygen reduction reaction using nitrogen-doped graphene with selective bonding state through pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen selective approaches. Both types show ORR activity and the catalytic reaction is clarified to be a four electron reaction path. Graphitic nitrogen with a low level of defects is found superior from the viewpoint of using single graphene sheet for the ORR application. Our investigation provides useful information for various applications using doped graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Chemical Physics Letters is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPHENE
KW  - POINT defects
KW  - CHEMICAL bonds
KW  - DOPING agents (Chemistry)
KW  - OXYGEN reduction
KW  - CHEMICAL reactions
KW  - Graphene
KW  - Neutral beam
KW  - Nitrogen doping
KW  - Oxygen reduction reaction
N1  - Accession Number: 119340053; Okada, Takeru 1 Inoue, Kumi Y. 2 Kalita, Golap 3 Tanemura, Masaki 3 Matsue, Tomokazu 2,4 Meyyappan, M. 5 Samukawa, Seiji 1,4; Email Address: samukawa@ifs.tohoku.ac.jp; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan  2: Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aramaki 6-6-11-604, Aoba, Sendai 980-8579, Japan  3: Department of Frontier Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan  4: WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Nov2016, Vol. 665, p117; Subject Term: GRAPHENE; Subject Term: POINT defects; Subject Term: CHEMICAL bonds; Subject Term: DOPING agents (Chemistry); Subject Term: OXYGEN reduction; Subject Term: CHEMICAL reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graphene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutral beam; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen doping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxygen reduction reaction; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.10.061
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119340053&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - C. Boersma
AU  - J. Bregman
AU  - L. J. Allamandola
T1  - THE CHARGE STATE OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS ACROSS REFLECTION NEBULAE: PAH CHARGE BALANCE AND CALIBRATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/11/20/
VL  - 832
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - Low-resolution Spitzer spectral map data (>1700 spectra) of ten reflection nebulae (RNe) fields are analyzed using the data and tools available through the NASA Ames PAH IR Spectroscopic Database. The PAH emission is broken down into PAH charge state using a database fitting approach. Here, the physics of the PAH emission process is taken into account and uses target appropriate parameters, e.g., a stellar radiation model for the exciting star. The breakdown results are combined with results derived using the traditional PAH band strength approach, which interprets particular PAH band strength ratios as proxies for the PAH charge state, e.g., the 6.2/11.2 μm PAH band strength ratio. These are successfully calibrated against their database equivalent; the PAH ionized fraction (fi). The PAH ionized fraction is converted into the PAH ionization parameter, which relates the PAH ionized fraction to the strength of the radiation field, gas temperature and electron density. The behavior of the 12.7 μm PAH band is evaluated as a tracer for PAH ionization and erosion. The plot of the 8.6 versus 11.2 μm PAH band strength for the northwest photo-dominated region (PDR) in NGC 7023 is shown to be a robust diagnostic template for the PAH ionized fraction. Remarkably, most of the other RNe fall within the limits set by NGC 7023. Finally, PAH spectroscopic templates are constructed and verified as principal components. Template spectra derived from NGC 7023 and NGC 2023 compare extremely well with each other, with those derived for NGC 7023 successfully reproducing the PAH emission observed from NGC 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - AROMATIC compounds -- Analysis
KW  - ABSORPTION spectra
KW  - MOLECULAR spectroscopy
KW  - CHARGE exchange
N1  - Accession Number: 119568464; C. Boersma 1 J. Bregman 1 L. J. Allamandola 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035-0001, USA; Source Info: 11/20/2016, Vol. 832 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: AROMATIC compounds -- Analysis; Subject Term: ABSORPTION spectra; Subject Term: MOLECULAR spectroscopy; Subject Term: CHARGE exchange; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/832/1/51
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119568464&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Yanyan
AU  - Mao, Zugang
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - The effects of refractory elements on Ni-excesses and Ni-depletions at γ(f.c.c.)/γ′(L12) interfaces in model Ni-based superalloys: Atom-probe tomographic experiments and first-principles calculations.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 288
EP  - 298
SN  - 13596454
AB  - The effects of refractory ( R ) elements ( R = Re, Ru, W, or Ta) on a base Ni-Al-Cr alloy are studied, for an aging temperature of 1073 K (800 °C) and an aging time of 256 h, employing atom-probe tomography (APT) and first-principles calculations. We find that there are strong attractive chemical binding energies between R -elements and solute ( S ) atoms ( S = Al, Cr) in Ni-Al-Cr based alloys utilizing experimental partial radial distribution function (RDF) results, and first-principles calculations performed at 0 K. We demonstrate that correlated R - S binding energies play a key role in the observed Ni retention-excesses at γ(f.c.c.)/γ′(L1 2 -structure) interfaces at aging times as long as 256 h. The total reduction of the γ(f.c.c.)/γ′(L1 2 ) interfacial energy, as a result of Ni interfacial-excesses in both γ(f.c.c.)-matrix and γ′(L1 2 )-precipitates, lies between −0.16 ± 0.06 mJ m −2 and −0.05 ± 0.02 mJ m −2 . The R - S binding energies cause changes in the compositional diffusion flux-vectors in and out of γ′(L1 2 )-precipitates, which result in larger solvent Ni retention-excesses and wider interfacial compositional widths at 256 h, when compared with the base Ni-Al-Cr alloy. Refractory elements are slow diffusers in nickel and the attractive R -Cr binding energies decelerate the solute diffusional fluxes, which results in a decrease of the Ni diffusivity, which in turn hinders the flux of Ni atoms away from the γ(f.c.c.)/γ′(L1 2 ) interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL alloys
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - INTERFACES (Physical sciences)
KW  - EFFECT of temperature on metals
KW  - Atom-probe tomography
KW  - Binding energies
KW  - First-principles calculations
KW  - Interfacial excesses
KW  - Ni-based superalloys
N1  - Accession Number: 119002946; Huang, Yanyan 1,2 Mao, Zugang 2 Noebe, Ronald D. 3 Seidman, David N. 2,4; Email Address: d-seidman@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, 610065, China  2: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA  3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  4: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 121, p288; Subject Term: NICKEL alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: INTERFACES (Physical sciences); Subject Term: EFFECT of temperature on metals; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom-probe tomography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Binding energies; Author-Supplied Keyword: First-principles calculations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interfacial excesses; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni-based superalloys; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.09.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119002946&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Evirgen, A.
AU  - Karaman, I.
AU  - Santamarta, R.
AU  - Pons, J.
AU  - Hayrettin, C.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
T1  - Relationship between crystallographic compatibility and thermal hysteresis in Ni-rich NiTiHf and NiTiZr high temperature shape memory alloys.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 121
M3  - Article
SP  - 374
EP  - 383
SN  - 13596454
AB  - The relationship between the crystallographic compatibility of austenite and martensite phases and the transformation thermal hysteresis (ΔT) of Ni-rich Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Hf 20 and Ni 50.3 Ti 29.7 Zr 20 alloys undergoing B2–B19′ martensitic transformation was studied as a function of microstructure, via differential scanning calorimetry, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. An experimental linear relationship of ΔT vs λ 2 (the second eigenvalue of the transformation stretch matrix) was observed for these NiTi(Hf/Zr) alloys, but with a shallower slope as compared to the universal behavior followed by alloys showing B2–B19 martensitic phase transformation. Several ternary NiTiCu and binary NiTi alloys undergoing the B2–B19′ transformation were also found to deviate from the universal behavior attributed to alloys that undergo a B2–B19 transformation, and instead, follow the trend revealed for the present alloy systems. Aged NiTi(Hf/Zr) samples, which consist of very fine nano-precipitates, followed the newly established ΔT vs λ 2 linear relationship, due to only minor changes in the microstructure. In contrast, samples with large precipitates, exhibited a large deviation from this relationship due to much more drastic changes in microstructure. Finally, despite the poor crystallographic compatibility of the austenite and martensite lattices observed in the present alloys, rationalized by large deviation of λ 2 values from 1, relatively low ΔT values were measured. This behavior is actually consistent with the newly established relationship for ΔT vs λ 2 for B2–B19′ transforming alloys, which is much less sensitive to compatibility (shallower slope). It is concluded that such a difference in the ΔT vs λ 2 slope must be a consequence of the crystallography of monoclinic martensite formation in NiTi-based alloys as long as other factors such as plasticity or major constraints to the martensitic transformation do not intervene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
KW  - EFFECT of high temperatures on metals
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - MARTENSITE
KW  - Crystallographic compatibility
KW  - High temperature shape memory alloys
KW  - Martensitic transformation
KW  - Microstructure
KW  - Thermal hysteresis
N1  - Accession Number: 119002958; Evirgen, A. 1 Karaman, I. 1; Email Address: ikaraman@tamu.edu Santamarta, R. 2 Pons, J. 2 Hayrettin, C. 1 Noebe, R.D. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA  2: Departament de Fisica, Universitat de les Illes Balears, E07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain  3: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 121, p374; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; Subject Term: EFFECT of high temperatures on metals; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: MARTENSITE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystallographic compatibility; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature shape memory alloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microstructure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal hysteresis; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2016.08.065
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119002958&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Malik, Mujeeb R.
T1  - Applied Computational Aerodynamics: A Modern Engineering Approach.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 54
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 4046
EP  - 4046
SN  - 00011452
N1  - Accession Number: 120008336; Malik, Mujeeb R. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 54 Issue 12, p4046; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J055350
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120008336&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Neudeck, Philip G.
AU  - Meredith, Roger D.
AU  - Chen, Liangyu
AU  - Spry, David J.
AU  - Nakley, Leah M.
AU  - Hunter, Gary W.
T1  - Prolonged silicon carbide integrated circuit operation in Venus surface atmospheric conditions.
JO  - AIP Advances
JF  - AIP Advances
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 6
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 7
SN  - 21583226
AB  - The prolonged operation of semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs) needed for long-duration exploration of the surface of Venus has proven insurmountably challenging to date due to the ~ 460 °C, ~ 9.4 MPa caustic environment. Past and planned Venus landers have been limited to a few hours of surface operation, even when IC electronics needed for basic lander operation are protected with heavily cumbersome pressure vessels and cooling measures. Here we demonstrate vastly longer (weeks) electrical operation of two silicon carbide (4H-SiC) junction field effect transistor (JFET) ring oscillator ICs tested with chips directly exposed (no cooling and no protective chip packaging) to a high-fidelity physical and chemical reproduction of Venus' surface atmosphere. This represents more than 100-fold extension of demonstrated Venus environment electronics durability. With further technology maturation, such SiC IC electronics could drastically improve Venus lander designs and mission concepts, fundamentally enabling long-duration enhanced missions to the surface of Venus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Advances is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide
KW  - INTEGRATED circuits
KW  - VENUS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
N1  - Accession Number: 120564119; Neudeck, Philip G. 1; Email Address: Neudeck@nasa.gov Meredith, Roger D. 1 Chen, Liangyu 2 Spry, David J. 1 Nakley, Leah M. 1 Hunter, Gary W. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 77-1, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: OAI/NASA Glenn, 21000 Brookpark Road, M.S. 77-1, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 6 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: SILICON carbide; Subject Term: INTEGRATED circuits; Subject Term: VENUS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4973429
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120564119&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kazadzis, Stelios
AU  - Raptis, Panagiotis
AU  - Kouremeti, Natalia
AU  - Amiridis, Vassilis
AU  - Arola, Antti
AU  - Gerasopoulos, Evangelos
AU  - Schuster, Gregory L.
T1  - Aerosol absorption retrieval at ultraviolet wavelengths in a complex environment.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 9
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 5997
EP  - 6011
SN  - 18671381
AB  - We have used total and diffuse UV irradiance measurements from a multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer (UVMFR) in order to investigate aerosol absorption in the UV range for a 5-year period in Athens, Greece. This dataset was used as input to a radiative transfer model and the single scattering albedo (SSA) at 368 and 332 nm was calculated. Retrievals from a collocated CIMEL sun photometer were used to evaluate the products and study the absorption spectral behavior of retrieved SSA values. The UVMFR SSA, together with synchronous, CIMEL-derived retrievals of SSA at 440 nm, had a mean of 0.90, 0.87 and 0.83, with lowest values (higher absorption) encountered at the shorter wavelengths. In addition, noticeable diurnal variation of the SSA in all wavelengths is shown, with amplitudes up to 0.05. Strong SSA wavelength dependence is revealed for cases of low Ångström exponents, accompanied by a SSA decrease with decreasing extinction optical depth, suggesting varying influence under different aerosol composition. However, part of this dependence for low aerosol optical depths is masked by the enhanced SSA retrieval uncertainty. Dust and brown carbon UV absorbing properties were also investigated to explain seasonal patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - RADIOMETERS
KW  - ABSORPTION
KW  - SOLAR radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 120562012; Kazadzis, Stelios 1,2; Email Address: stelios.kazadzis@pmodwrc.ch Raptis, Panagiotis 2 Kouremeti, Natalia 1 Amiridis, Vassilis 3 Arola, Antti 4 Gerasopoulos, Evangelos 2 Schuster, Gregory L. 5; Affiliation:  1: Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos, World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Dorfstrasse 33, 7260 Davos Dorf, Switzerland  2: Institute of Environmental Research and Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, Greece  3: Institute of Astronomy Astrophysics, Space Applications and Remote Sensing, National Observatory of Athens, Greece  4: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Kuopio Unit, Finland  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 9 Issue 12, p5997; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: RADIOMETERS; Subject Term: ABSORPTION; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-9-5997-2016
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120562012&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Krautwurst, Sven
AU  - Gerilowski, Konstantin
AU  - Jonsson, Haflidi H.
AU  - Thompson, David R.
AU  - Kolyer, Richard W.
AU  - Thorpe, Andrew K.
AU  - Horstjann, Markus
AU  - Eastwood, Michael
AU  - Leifer, Ira
AU  - Vigil, Sam
AU  - Krings, Thomas
AU  - Borchardt, Jakob
AU  - Buchwitz, Michael
AU  - Fladeland, Matthew M.
AU  - Burrows, John P.
AU  - Bovensmann, Heinrich
T1  - Methane emissions from a Californian landfill, determined from airborne remote sensing and in-situ measurements.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/12//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 33
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Fugitive emissions from waste disposal sites are important anthropogenic sources of the greenhouse gas methane (CH4). As a result of the growing world population and the recognition of the need to control greenhouse gas emissions, this anthropogenic source of CH4 has received much recent attention. However, the accurate assessment of the CH4 emissions from landfills by modeling and existing measurement techniques is challenging. This is because of inaccurate knowledge of the model parameters and the extent of and limited accessibility to landfill sites. This results in a large uncertainty in our knowledge of the emissions of CH4 from landfills and waste management. In this study, we present results derived from data collected during the research campaign COMEX (CO2 and Methane EXperiement) in late summer 2014 in the Los Angeles (LA) Basin. The objective of COMEX, which comprised aircraft observations of methane by the remote sensing Methane Airborne MAPper (MAMAP) instrument and a Picarro greenhouse gas in-situ analyser, was the quantitative investigation of CH4 emissions. Enhanced CH4 concentrations or "CH4 plumes" were detected downwind of landfills by remote sensing aircraft surveys. Subsequent to each remote sensing survey, the detected plume was sampled within the atmospheric boundary layer by in-situ measurements of atmospheric parameters such as wind information and dry gas mixing ratios of CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) from the same aircraft. This was undertaken to facilitate the independent estimation of the surface fluxes for the validation of the remote sensing estimates. During the COMEX campaign, four landfills in the LA Basin were surveyed. One landfill has repeatedly shown a clear emission plume. This landfill, the Olinda Alpha Landfill, was observed on four days during the last week of August and first days of September 2014. Emissions were estimated for all days using a mass balance approach. The derived emissions are between 13.0 and 18.2 kt CH4/yr with related uncertainties in the range of 17% to 46%. The comparison of the remote sensing and in-situ based CH4 emission rate estimates reveals good agreement within the error bars with an average absolute difference of around 2.3 kt CH4/yr. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported inventory value is 11.5 kt CH4/yr in 2014, on average 3.0 kt CH4/yr (±1.5 kt CH4/yr) lower than our estimates acquired in late Summer 2014. This difference may in part be explained by a possible leak located on the south-western slope of the landfill, which we identified in the observations of the Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG) instrument, flown contemporaneously aboard a second aircraft on one day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FUGITIVE emissions
KW  - EMISSIONS (Air pollution)
N1  - Accession Number: 120697281; Krautwurst, Sven 1; Email Address: krautwurst@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Gerilowski, Konstantin 1; Email Address: gerilows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Jonsson, Haflidi H. 2; Email Address: haf_jonsson@yahoo.com Thompson, David R. 3; Email Address: david.r.thompson@jpl.nasa.gov Kolyer, Richard W. 4; Email Address: r.kolyer@nasa.gov Thorpe, Andrew K. 3; Email Address: Andrew.K.Thorpe@jpl.nasa.gov Horstjann, Markus 1; Email Address: markus.horstjann@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Eastwood, Michael 3; Email Address: michael.l.eastwood@jpl.nasa.gov Leifer, Ira 5; Email Address: ira.leifer@bubbleology.com Vigil, Sam 6; Email Address: svigil@calpoly.edu Krings, Thomas 1; Email Address: thomas.krings@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Borchardt, Jakob 1; Email Address: bjakob@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Buchwitz, Michael 1; Email Address: michael.buchwitz@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Fladeland, Matthew M. 4; Email Address: matthew.fladeland@nasa.gov Burrows, John P. 1; Email Address: burrows@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de Bovensmann, Heinrich 1; Email Address: heinrich.bovensmann@uni-bremen.de; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany  2: Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS), Marina, CA, US  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena, CA, US  4: Earth Science Devision, NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Mountain View, CA, US  5: Bubbleology Research International (BRI), Goleta, CA, US  6: California Polytechnic State University (CalPoly), San Luis Obispo, CA, US; Source Info: 2016, p1; Subject Term: FUGITIVE emissions; Subject Term: EMISSIONS (Air pollution); Number of Pages: 33p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-391
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Torres, Benjamin
AU  - Dubovik, Oleg
AU  - Fuertes, David
AU  - Schuster, Gregory
AU  - Cachorro, Victoria Eugenia
AU  - Lapionak, Tatsiana
AU  - Goloub, Philippe
AU  - Blarel, Luc
AU  - Barreto, Africa
AU  - Mallet, Marc
AU  - Toledano, Carlos
AU  - Tanré, Didier
T1  - Advanced characterization of aerosol properties from measurements of spectral optical depth using the GRASP algorithm.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2016/12//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 47
SN  - 18678610
AB  - This study evaluates the potential of using aerosol optical depth (τa) measurements to characterize the microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols. With this aim, we used the recently developed GRASP (Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties) code for numerical testing of six different aerosol models with three different aerosol loads. We found that bimodal log-normal size distributions serve as useful input assumptions, especially when the measurements have inadequate spectral coverage and/or limited accuracy, such as lunar photometry. The direct numerical simulations indicate that the GRASP-AOD retrieval provides modal aerosol optical depths (fine and coarse) to within 0.01 of the input values. The retrieval of the fine mode radius, width, and volume concentration is stable and precise if the real part of the refractive index is known. The coarse mode properties are less accurate, but they are significantly improved when additional a priori information is available. In addition to these numerical studies, we used optical depth observations at six AERONET locations to validate our results with the standard AERONET inversion products. Differences in the fine mode volume median radii for the GRASP-AOD and AERONET inversions are less than 0.02 μm at sites dominated by the fine mode for all cases, although they are typically less than 0.01 μm when τa(440) > 0.3. The comparison of the coarse mode volume median radii shows larger differences than the fine mode at the same sites, with values typically between 0.2-0.3 μm. The comparison of coarse mode volume median radii between GRASP-AOD and AERONET improves for sites dominated by desert dust aerosol, with differences of less than 0.2 μm in most cases. The retrieved values of the fine-mode τa(500) using GRASP-AOD are generally between those values obtained by the standard AERONET inversion and the values obtained by the advance AERONET Spectral Deconvolution Algorithm (SDA), with differences typically lower than 0.02 between GRASP-AOD and both algorithms. Finally, we present some examples of application of GRASP-AOD inversion using moon-photometry and the airborne PLASMA sun-photometer during ChArMEx summer 2013 campaign in the western Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - GREENHOUSE gas mitigation
N1  - Accession Number: 120697268; Torres, Benjamin 1,2; Email Address: benjator5@gmail.com Dubovik, Oleg 1; Email Address: oleg.dubovik@univ-lille1.fr Fuertes, David 1,2; Email Address: david.fuertes@grasp-sas.com Schuster, Gregory 3; Email Address: gregory.l.schuster@nasa.gov Cachorro, Victoria Eugenia 4; Email Address: chiqui@goa.uva.es Lapionak, Tatsiana 1; Email Address: tatsiana.lapionak@univ-lille1.fr Goloub, Philippe 1; Email Address: philippe.goloub@univ-lille1.fr Blarel, Luc 1; Email Address: Luc.Blarel@univ-lille1.fr Barreto, Africa 5; Email Address: africabv@gmail.com Mallet, Marc 6; Email Address: marc.mallet@aero.obs-mip.fr Toledano, Carlos 4; Email Address: toledano@goa.uva.es Tanré, Didier 1; Email Address: didier.tanre@univ-lille1.fr; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire d'Optique Amosphérique, Université des Scien ces et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France  2: GRASP-SAS, Remote sensing developments, Université des Sc iences et Technologies de Lille, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  4: Group of Atmospheric Optics, Valladolid University, Valla dolid, Spain  5: Izaña Atmospheric Research Center, Spanish Meteorologica l Agency, Tenerife, Spain  6: CNRM UMR 3589, Météo-France/CNRS, Toulouse, France; Source Info: 2016, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gas mitigation; Number of Pages: 47p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-334
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA
AU  - PING CHANG
AU  - MEDEIROS, BRIAN
AU  - KIRTMAN, BEN P.
AU  - MECHOSO, ROBERTO
AU  - SCHNEIDER, EDWIN K.
AU  - TONIAZZO, THOMAS
AU  - RICHTER, INGO
AU  - SMALL, R. JUSTIN
AU  - BELLOMO, KATINKA
AU  - BRANDT, PETER
AU  - DE SZOEKE, SIMON
AU  - FARRAR, J. THOMAS
AU  - EUNSIL JUNG
AU  - SEIJI KATO
AU  - MINGKUI LI
AU  - PATRICOLA, CHRISTINA
AU  - ZAIYU WANG
AU  - WOOD, ROBERT
AU  - ZHAO XU
T1  - CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR REDUCING COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL SST BIASES IN THE EASTERN TROPICAL ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 97
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 2305
EP  - 2327
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The article focuses on the challenges in reducing the sea surface temperature (SST) biases in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. It mentions the impact of SST biases in the origin determination and precipitation biases in the Indian Ocean. Information regarding the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) precipitation bond, the contemporary coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (CGCMs), and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), are discussed.  INSET: A 30-YEAR HISTORY CONTINUES.
KW  - OCEAN temperature -- Measurement
KW  - ESTIMATION bias
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - INTERTROPICAL convergence zone
KW  - GENERAL circulation model
KW  - SOUTHERN oscillation
KW  - EL Nino Current
KW  - INDIAN Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 120781589; ZUIDEMA, PAQUITA 1; Email Address: pzuidema@rsmas.miami.edu PING CHANG 2 MEDEIROS, BRIAN 3 KIRTMAN, BEN P. 1 MECHOSO, ROBERTO 4 SCHNEIDER, EDWIN K. 5 TONIAZZO, THOMAS 6 RICHTER, INGO 7 SMALL, R. JUSTIN 3 BELLOMO, KATINKA 8 BRANDT, PETER 9 DE SZOEKE, SIMON 10 FARRAR, J. THOMAS 1,11 EUNSIL JUNG 1 SEIJI KATO 12 MINGKUI LI 13 PATRICOLA, CHRISTINA 14 ZAIYU WANG 5 WOOD, ROBERT 15 ZHAO XU 13; Affiliation:  1: University of Miami, Miami, Florida  2: Texas A&M, College Station, Texas, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China  3: National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado  4: University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California  5: George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia  6: University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway  7: Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan  8: Columbia University, New York, New York  9: GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany  10: Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon  11: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts  12: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  13: Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China  14: Texas A&M, College Station, Texas  15: University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 97 Issue 12, p2305; Subject Term: OCEAN temperature -- Measurement; Subject Term: ESTIMATION bias; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: INTERTROPICAL convergence zone; Subject Term: GENERAL circulation model; Subject Term: SOUTHERN oscillation; Subject Term: EL Nino Current; Subject Term: INDIAN Ocean; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00274.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Jendai E.
AU  - Heineman, Anna William R.
AU  - Sagle, Laura B.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
T1  - Electrochemical Characterization of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanofiber Arrays Prepared by Hole-mask Colloidal Lithography.
JO  - Electroanalysis
JF  - Electroanalysis
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 28
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3039
EP  - 3047
SN  - 10400397
AB  - Nanoelectrode arrays consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers were prepared through plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition and patterned using hole-mask colloidal lithography (HCL), a simple fabrication method employed as a cost-effective patterning alternative to the conventional electron beam lithography. The density of the carbon nanofibers was easily altered by changing the concentration of the polystyrene spheres employed in HCL. Cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry were used to electrochemically characterize the arrays of different density. Results indicate that the density of the carbon nanofibers leads to differences in the macro/micro electroactive surface areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electroanalysis is the property of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - CHEMICAL vapor deposition
KW  - ELECTRON beam lithography
KW  - ELECTROACTIVE substances
KW  - Cyclic voltammetry
KW  - Hole-mask colloidal lithography
KW  - Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers
N1  - Accession Number: 120335515; Robinson, Jendai E. 1 Heineman, Anna William R. 1 Sagle, Laura B. 1 Meyyappan, M. 2 Koehne, Jessica E. 2; Email Address: Jessica.e.koehne@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, California 94035; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 28 Issue 12, p3039; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: CHEMICAL vapor deposition; Subject Term: ELECTRON beam lithography; Subject Term: ELECTROACTIVE substances; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cyclic voltammetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hole-mask colloidal lithography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vertically aligned carbon nanofibers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/elan.201600303
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robinson, Jendai E.
AU  - Heineman, William R.
AU  - Sagle, Laura B.
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Koehne, Jessica E.
T1  - Carbon nanofiber electrode array for the detection of lead.
JO  - Electrochemistry Communications
JF  - Electrochemistry Communications
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 73
M3  - Article
SP  - 89
EP  - 93
SN  - 13882481
AB  - A nanoelectrode array of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers was evaluated for the detection of Pb 2 + by anodic stripping voltammetry. The achieved detection limit of 1.73 nM is well below the environmental guidelines. The approach provides a safer alternative to the mercury electrodes commonly used for the detection of heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Electrochemistry Communications is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON nanofibers
KW  - CARBON electrodes
KW  - LEAD
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors
KW  - VOLTAMMETRY
KW  - Anodic stripping voltammetry
KW  - Carbon nanofibers
KW  - Lead
N1  - Accession Number: 119965627; Robinson, Jendai E. 1; Email Address: robin2jo@mail.uc.edu Heineman, William R. 1 Sagle, Laura B. 1 Meyyappan, M. 2 Koehne, Jessica E. 2; Email Address: Jessica.e.koehne@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, Cincinnati, OH 45221, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Center for Nanotechnology, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 73, p89; Subject Term: CARBON nanofibers; Subject Term: CARBON electrodes; Subject Term: LEAD; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors; Subject Term: VOLTAMMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anodic stripping voltammetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon nanofibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lead; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327990 All other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.elecom.2016.11.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panda, J.
T1  - A molecular Rayleigh scattering setup to measure density fluctuations in thermal boundary layers.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 57
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 07234864
AB  - A Rayleigh scattering-based density fluctuation measurement system was set up inside a low-speed wind tunnel of NASA Ames Research Center. The immediate goal was to study the thermal boundary layer on a heated flat plate. A large number of obstacles had to be overcome to set up the system, such as the removal of dust particles using air filters, the use of photoelectron counting electronics to measure low intensity light, an optical layout to minimize stray light contamination, the reduction in tunnel vibration, and an expanded calibration process to relate photoelectron arrival rate to air density close to the plate surface. To measure spectra of turbulent density fluctuations, a two-PMT cross-correlation system was used to minimize the shot noise floor. To validate the Rayleigh measurements, temperature fluctuations spectra were calculated from density spectra and then compared with temperature spectra measured with a cold-wire probe operated in constant current mode. The spectra from the downstream half of the plate were found to be in good agreement with cold-wire probe, whereas spectra from the leading edge differed. Various lessons learnt are discussed. It is believed that the present effort is the first measurement of density fluctuations spectra in a boundary layer flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 119576846; Panda, J. 1; Email Address: Jayanta.Panda-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 57 Issue 12, p1; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00348-016-2267-9
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Morrison, David
T1  - End Scenarios to Take Seriously.
JO  - Free Inquiry
JF  - Free Inquiry
Y1  - 2016/12//Dec2016/Jan2017
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
M3  - Book Review
SP  - 58
EP  - 60
SN  - 02720701
KW  - APOCALYPSE
KW  - RELIGION & science
KW  - NONFICTION
KW  - TORRES, Phil
KW  - END: What Science & Religion Tell Us About the Apocalypse, The (Book)
N1  - Accession Number: 119630431; Morrison, David 1; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration astronomer specializing in planetary science and astrobiology; Source Info: Dec2016/Jan2017, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p58; Subject Term: APOCALYPSE; Subject Term: RELIGION & science; Subject Term: NONFICTION; Reviews & Products: END: What Science & Religion Tell Us About the Apocalypse, The (Book); People: TORRES, Phil; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Book Review
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sungho
AU  - Kempes, Christopher P.
AU  - Park, Taejin
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Wang, Weile
AU  - Xu, Liang
AU  - Basu, Saikat
AU  - Dungan, Jennifer L.
AU  - Simard, Marc
AU  - Saatchi, Sassan S.
AU  - Piao, Shilong
AU  - Ni, Xiliang
AU  - Shi, Yuli
AU  - Cao, Chunxiang
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
AU  - Knyazikhin, Yuri
AU  - Myneni, Ranga B.
T1  - Application of the metabolic scaling theory and water-energy balance equation to model large-scale patterns of maximum forest canopy height.
JO  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
JF  - Global Ecology & Biogeography
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 25
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1428
EP  - 1442
SN  - 1466822X
AB  - Aim Forest height, an important biophysical property, underlies the distribution of carbon stocks across scales. Because in situ observations are labour intensive and thus impractical for large-scale mapping and monitoring of forest heights, most previous studies adopted statistical approaches to help alleviate measured data discontinuity in space and time. Here, we document an improved modelling approach which links metabolic scaling theory and the water-energy balance equation with actual observations in order to produce large-scale patterns of forest heights. Methods Our model, called allometric scaling and resource limitations (ASRL), accounts for the size-dependent metabolism of trees whose maximum growth is constrained by local resource availability. Geospatial predictors used in the model are altitude and monthly precipitation, solar radiation, temperature, vapour pressure and wind speed. Disturbance history (i.e. stand age) is also incorporated to estimate contemporary forest heights. Results This study provides a baseline map ( c. 2005; 1-km2 grids) of forest heights over the contiguous United States. The Pacific Northwest/California is predicted as the most favourable region for hosting large trees ( c. 100 m) because of sufficient annual precipitation (> 1400 mm), moderate solar radiation ( c. 330 W m−2) and temperature ( c. 14 °C). Our results at sub-regional level are generally in good and statistically significant ( P-value < 0.001) agreement with independent reference datasets: field measurements [mean absolute error (MAE) = 4.0 m], airborne/spaceborne lidar (MAE = 7.0 m) and an existing global forest height product (MAE = 4.9 m). Model uncertainties at county level are also discussed in this study. Main conclusions We improved the metabolic scaling theory to address variations in vertical forest structure due to ecoregion and plant functional type. A clear mechanistic understanding embedded within the model allowed synergistic combinations between actual observations and multiple geopredictors in forest height mapping. This approach shows potential for prognostic applications, unlike previous statistical approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Global Ecology & Biogeography is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOENERGETICS
KW  - FOREST canopies
KW  - ALLOMETRIC equations
KW  - SPACE & time
KW  - WATER balance (Hydrology)
KW  - Carbon monitoring
KW  - disturbance history
KW  - geospatial predictors
KW  - large-scale modelling
KW  - maximum forest height
KW  - mechanistic understanding
KW  - metabolic scaling theory
KW  - prognostic applications
KW  - water-energy balance
N1  - Accession Number: 119458450; Choi, Sungho 1 Kempes, Christopher P. 2 Park, Taejin 1 Ganguly, Sangram 3 Wang, Weile 4 Xu, Liang 5 Basu, Saikat 6 Dungan, Jennifer L. 7 Simard, Marc 8 Saatchi, Sassan S. 8 Piao, Shilong 9 Ni, Xiliang 10 Shi, Yuli 11 Cao, Chunxiang 10 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 12 Knyazikhin, Yuri 1 Myneni, Ranga B. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University  2: Control and Dynamical Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA/The Santa Fe Institute  3: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAERI) and NASA Ames Research Center  4: Division of Science and Environmental Policy, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA 93955/ Biospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center  5: Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California  6: Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University  7: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center  8: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology  9: College of Urban and Environmental Sciences and Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University  10: State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Sciences, Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences  11: School of Remote Sensing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology  12: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 25 Issue 12, p1428; Subject Term: BIOENERGETICS; Subject Term: FOREST canopies; Subject Term: ALLOMETRIC equations; Subject Term: SPACE & time; Subject Term: WATER balance (Hydrology); Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon monitoring; Author-Supplied Keyword: disturbance history; Author-Supplied Keyword: geospatial predictors; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-scale modelling; Author-Supplied Keyword: maximum forest height; Author-Supplied Keyword: mechanistic understanding; Author-Supplied Keyword: metabolic scaling theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: prognostic applications; Author-Supplied Keyword: water-energy balance; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/geb.12503
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119458450&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ronca, April E.
AU  - French, Alison J.
AU  - Smith, Jeffrey D.
T1  - Translating Basic Research to Astronaut Health in Space: NASA Ames Rodent Specimen Biobanking for the Human Research Program.
JO  - Gravitational & Space Biology
JF  - Gravitational & Space Biology
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 4
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 70
EP  - 74
SN  - 1089988X
AB  - As an extension of NASA Ames' long history and sustaining international collaboration for sharing tissues acquired from one-off spaceflight experiments, we have recently established a new mobile operation for acquiring small animal biospecimens from ongoing ground-based studies supported by the NASA Human Research Program (HRP) organized at Johnson Space Center (JSC). Goals of Ames' Biospecimen Sharing Programs (BSPs) are to: (1) advance understanding of physiological responses and adaptations to the space environment utilizing animal models in support of fundamental space and gravitational biology research, and to promote human health in space and on Earth, (2) provide a repository of high-quality, well-preserved, and carefully archived and maintained biospecimens by applying modern approaches and established best practices in the biobanking field, and (3) establish a database for gathering broad and comprehensive scientific information corresponding to these samples, including cutting edge techniques for tracking and archiving of structural, descriptive, and administrative metadata. This program, modeled after contemporary human and animal biobanking initiatives, is yielding a rich archive of quality specimens that can be used to address a broad range of current and future scientific questions relevant to NASA Life Sciences, Exploration Medicine, and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Gravitational & Space Biology is the property of American Society for Gravitational & Space Biology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE research
KW  - COMPUTER software
KW  - GRAVITATION
KW  - BIOBANKS
KW  - METADATA
KW  - Biobanking
KW  - Biospecimen Sharing
KW  - Mammalian Models
KW  - Rodents
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
KW  - LYNDON B. Johnson Space Center
N1  - Accession Number: 121017812; Ronca, April E. 1,2; Email Address: April.E.Ronca@NASA.gov French, Alison J. 3 Smith, Jeffrey D. 4; Affiliation:  1: Space Biosciences Research Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Molecular Medicine and Translational Science, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC  3: Life Sciences Data Archive, Space Biosciences Research Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  4: Division of Science and Technology Projects for Exploration, Kennedy Space Center, Cape Canaveral, FL; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 4 Issue 2, p70; Subject Term: SPACE research; Subject Term: COMPUTER software; Subject Term: GRAVITATION; Subject Term: BIOBANKS; Subject Term: METADATA; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biobanking; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biospecimen Sharing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mammalian Models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rodents; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration Company/Entity: LYNDON B. Johnson Space Center; NAICS/Industry Codes: 511211 Software publishers (except video game publishers); NAICS/Industry Codes: 417310 Computer, computer peripheral and pre-packaged software merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423430 Computer and Computer Peripheral Equipment and Software Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 443144 Computer and software stores; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121017812&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yingst, R.A.
AU  - Cropper, K.
AU  - Gupta, S.
AU  - Kah, L.C.
AU  - Williams, R.M.E.
AU  - Blank, J.
AU  - IIICalef, F.
AU  - Hamilton, V.E.
AU  - Lewis, K.
AU  - Shechet, J.
AU  - McBride, M.
AU  - Bridges, N.
AU  - Frias, J. Martinez
AU  - Newsom, H.
T1  - Characteristics of pebble and cobble-sized clasts along the Curiosity rover traverse from sol 100 to 750: Terrain types, potential sources, and transport mechanisms.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 280
M3  - Article
SP  - 72
EP  - 92
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We combine the results of orbitally-derived morphologic and thermal inertia data with in situ observations of abundance, size, morphologic characteristics, and distribution of pebble- to cobble-sized clasts along the Curiosity rover traverse. Our goals are to characterize rock sources and transport history, and improve our ability to predict upcoming terrain. There are ten clast types, with nine types interpreted as sedimentary rocks. Only Type 3 clasts had morphologies indicative of significant wear through transport; thus, most clast types are indicative of nearby outcrops or prior presence of laterally extensive sedimentary rock layers, consistent with the erosional landscape. A minor component may reflect impact delivery of more distant material. Types 1 and 4 are heavily-cemented sandstones, likely associated with a “caprock” layer. Types 5 and 6 (and possibly 7) are pebble-rich sandstones, with varying amounts of cement leading to varying susceptibility to erosion/wear. Type 3 clasts are rounded pebbles likely transported and deposited alluvially, then worn out of pebbly sandstone/conglomerate. Types 9 and 10 are poorly-sorted sandstones, with Type 9 representing fragments of Square Top-type layers, and Type 10 deriving from basal or other Mt. Sharp layers. Types 2, 8 and 9 are considered exotics. There are few clear links between clast type and terrain surface roughness (particularly in identifying terrain that is challenging for the rover to navigate). Orbital data may provide a reasonable prediction of certain end-member terrains but the complex interplay between variables that contribute to surface characteristics makes discriminating between terrain types from orbital data problematic. Prediction would likely be improved through higher-resolution thermal inertia data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLASTIC rocks
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - CONGLOMERATE
KW  - SANDSTONE
KW  - SURFACE morphology
KW  - TERRAIN mapping
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars
KW  - Surface
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 117837171; Yingst, R.A. 1; Email Address: yingst@psi.edu Cropper, K. 1 Gupta, S. 2; Email Address: s.gupta@imperial.ac.uk Kah, L.C. 3; Email Address: lck@ut.edu Williams, R.M.E. 1 Blank, J. 4; Email Address: Jennifer.g.blank@nasa.gov IIICalef, F. 5; Email Address: fcalef@jpl.nasa.gov Hamilton, V.E. 6; Email Address: hamilton@boulder.swri.edu Lewis, K. 7; Email Address: klewis@jhu.edu Shechet, J. 5; Email Address: griffes@gps.caltech.edu McBride, M. 8; Email Address: mariejulia12@gmail.com Bridges, N. 9; Email Address: Nathan.bridges@jhuapl.edu Frias, J. Martinez 10; Email Address: j.m.frias@igeo.ucm-csic.es Newsom, H. 11; Email Address: newsom@unm.edu; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Fort Lowell, Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  2: Imperial College, London, UK  3: University of Tennessee, 1412 Circle Drive, Knoxville, TN, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA USA, Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, Seattle, WA, USA  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91011  6: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  7: Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 301 Olin Hall, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  8: Malin Space Science Systems, PO Box 910148 San Diego, CA 92191, USA  9: Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA  10: Instituto de Geociencias, IGEO (CSIC-UCM), Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas, José Antonio Novais, 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain  11: Institute of Meteoritics, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 280, p72; Subject Term: CLASTIC rocks; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: CONGLOMERATE; Subject Term: SANDSTONE; Subject Term: SURFACE morphology; Subject Term: TERRAIN mapping; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 212319 Other Crushed and Broken Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212399 All Other Nonmetallic Mineral Mining; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212311 Dimension Stone Mining and Quarrying; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212317 Sandstone mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117837171&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pla-Garcia, Jorge
AU  - Rafkin, Scot C.R.
AU  - Kahre, Melinda
AU  - Gomez-Elvira, Javier
AU  - Hamilton, Victoria E.
AU  - Navarro, Sara
AU  - Torres, Josefina
AU  - Marín, Mercedes
AU  - R. Vasavada, Ashwin
T1  - The meteorology of Gale crater as determined from rover environmental monitoring station observations and numerical modeling. Part I: Comparison of model simulations with observations.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 280
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 113
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Air temperature, ground temperature, pressure, and wind speed and direction data obtained from the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity are compared to data from the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System. A full diurnal cycle at four different seasons (Ls 0, 90, 180 and 270) is investigated at the rover location within Gale crater, Mars. Model results are shown to be in good agreement with observations when considering the uncertainties in the observational data set. The good agreement provides justification for utilizing the model results to investigate the broader meteorological environment of the Gale crater region, which is described in the second, companion paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - Atmospheres, dynamics
KW  - Atmospheres, structure
KW  - Mars atmosphere
KW  - Mars, climate
N1  - Accession Number: 117837188; Pla-Garcia, Jorge 1,2 Rafkin, Scot C.R. 1; Email Address: rafkin@boulder.swri.edu Kahre, Melinda 3 Gomez-Elvira, Javier 2 Hamilton, Victoria E. 1 Navarro, Sara 3 Torres, Josefina 2 Marín, Mercedes 3 R. Vasavada, Ashwin 4; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC), 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 280, p103; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, climate; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.03.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117837188&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rafkin, Scot C.R.
AU  - Pla-Garcia, Jorge
AU  - Kahre, Melinda
AU  - Gomez-Elvira, Javier
AU  - Hamilton, Victoria E.
AU  - Marín, Mercedes
AU  - Navarro, Sara
AU  - Torres, Josefina
AU  - Vasavada, Ashwin
T1  - The meteorology of Gale Crater as determined from Rover Environmental Monitoring Station observations and numerical modeling. Part II: Interpretation.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 280
M3  - Article
SP  - 114
EP  - 138
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Numerical modeling results from the Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System are used to interpret the landed meteorological data from the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station onboard the Mars Science Laboratory rover Curiosity. In order to characterize seasonal changes throughout the Martian year, simulations are conducted at Ls 0, 90, 180 and 270. Two additional simulations at Ls 225 and 315 are explored to better understand the unique meteorological setting centered on Ls 270. The synergistic combination of model and observations reveals a complex meteorological environment within the crater. Seasonal planetary circulations, the thermal tide, slope flows along the topographic dichotomy, mesoscale waves, slope flows along the crater slopes and Mt. Sharp, and turbulent motions all interact in nonlinear ways to produce the observed weather. Ls 270 is shown to be an anomalous season when air within and outside the crater is well mixed by strong, flushing northerly flow and large amplitude, breaking mountain waves. At other seasons, the air in the crater is more isolated from the surrounding environment. The potential impact of the partially isolated crater air mass on the dust, water, noncondensable and methane cycles is also considered. In contrast to previous studies, the large amplitude diurnal pressure signal is attributed primarily to necessary hydrostatic adjustments associated with topography of different elevations, with contributions of less than 25% to the diurnal amplitude from the crater circulation itself. The crater circulation is shown to induce a suppressed boundary layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - MATHEMATICAL models
KW  - METHANE -- Analysis
KW  - Atmospheres, dynamics
KW  - Atmospheres, structure
KW  - Mars, atmosphere
KW  - CURIOSITY (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 117837180; Rafkin, Scot C.R. 1; Email Address: rafkin@boulder.swri.edu Pla-Garcia, Jorge 1,2 Kahre, Melinda 3 Gomez-Elvira, Javier 2 Hamilton, Victoria E. 1 Marín, Mercedes 3 Navarro, Sara 3 Torres, Josefina 2 Vasavada, Ashwin 4; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO, 80302, United States  2: Centro de Astrobiológia, Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 280, p114; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL models; Subject Term: METHANE -- Analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars, atmosphere; Company/Entity: CURIOSITY (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.01.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=117837180&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Darr, S.R.
AU  - Hu, Hong
AU  - Glikin, N.G.
AU  - Hartwig, J.W.
AU  - Majumdar, A.K.
AU  - Leclair, A.C.
AU  - Chung, J.N.
T1  - An experimental study on terrestrial cryogenic transfer line chilldown I. Effect of mass flux, equilibrium quality, and inlet subcooling.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 1225
EP  - 1242
SN  - 00179310
AB  - This is the first of a two-part series which presents the experimental results of the chilldown of a thin-walled stainless steel tube with liquid nitrogen under a wide range of pressures and mass fluxes in terrestrial gravity. Data is presented in this paper for a vertically upward (against gravity) flow orientation. The experimental data covers mass fluxes ranging from 6 to 1650 kg/m 2 s (liquid Reynolds numbers ranging from 850 to 231,000), equilibrium two-phase flow qualities from −0.13 to 0.4, inlet subcooling from 0 to 10 K and local pressures from 150 to 720 kPa. The temperature and pressure measurements were made at two axial distances of 14.9 cm and 40.1 cm from the inlet. Analysis is presented on the effects of the mass flux, equilibrium quality, inlet subcooling, pressure, and axial distance from the tube inlet on the measured film, transition, and nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficients as well as the critical heat flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - INLETS
KW  - SUBCOOLED liquids
KW  - THIN-walled structures
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - LIQUID nitrogen
KW  - Critical heat flux
KW  - Cryogenics
KW  - Film boiling
KW  - Line chilldown
KW  - Liquid nitrogen
KW  - Nucleate boiling
KW  - Quenching curve
KW  - Transition boiling
KW  - Two-phase flow
N1  - Accession Number: 118156765; Darr, S.R. 1 Hu, Hong 1 Glikin, N.G. 1 Hartwig, J.W. 2 Majumdar, A.K. 3 Leclair, A.C. 3 Chung, J.N. 1; Email Address: jnchung@ufl.edu; Affiliation:  1: Cryogenics Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6300, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44135, USA  3: NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 103, p1225; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: INLETS; Subject Term: SUBCOOLED liquids; Subject Term: THIN-walled structures; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: LIQUID nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Critical heat flux; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Film boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line chilldown; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleate boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quenching curve; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transition boiling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-phase flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.05.019
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118156765&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Darr, S.R.
AU  - Hu, Hong
AU  - Glikin, N.
AU  - Hartwig, J.W.
AU  - Majumdar, A.K.
AU  - Leclair, A.C.
AU  - Chung, J.N.
T1  - An experimental study on terrestrial cryogenic tube chilldown II. Effect of flow direction with respect to gravity and new correlation set.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 1243
EP  - 1260
SN  - 00179310
AB  - This is the second of a two-part series of papers which presents the experimental results of a parametric series of liquid nitrogen chilldown tests of a stainless steel tube. Whereas the first paper in this series focused on the effect of mass flux, inlet subcooling, equilibrium quality, pressure, and axial distance from the inlet on two-phase convection heat flux for vertical upward flow only, this paper focuses on the effect of flow direction with respect to gravity. Nine different flow directions were examined, including horizontal, 30° inclined and declined, 45° inclined and declined, 60° inclined and declined, and vertical upward and downward. The experimental data covers liquid Reynolds numbers ranging from 800 to 230,000 and local pressures ranging from 150 to 725 kPa. Analysis is presented on the effect of flow direction on the measured film, transition, and nucleate boiling heat transfer coefficients as well as the critical heat flux. Finally, new heat transfer correlations to predict the data are presented for film boiling, nucleate boiling, and transition boiling. These correlations can be used for numerical simulations of cryogenic chilldown to help predict the chilldown time and propellant consumption for different system variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENICS
KW  - GRAVITY
KW  - LIQUID nitrogen
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - HEAT flux
KW  - HEAT -- Convection
KW  - Cryogenics
KW  - Flow direction effects
KW  - Line chilldown
KW  - Liquid nitrogen
KW  - Quenching curve
KW  - Two-phase flow
N1  - Accession Number: 118156802; Darr, S.R. 1 Hu, Hong 1 Glikin, N. 1 Hartwig, J.W. 2 Majumdar, A.K. 3 Leclair, A.C. 3 Chung, J.N. 1; Email Address: jnchung@ufl.edu; Affiliation:  1: Cryogenics Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6300, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: NASA Marshall Spaceflight Center, Huntsville, AL 35811, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 103, p1243; Subject Term: CRYOGENICS; Subject Term: GRAVITY; Subject Term: LIQUID nitrogen; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Subject Term: HEAT -- Convection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cryogenics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow direction effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Line chilldown; Author-Supplied Keyword: Liquid nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Quenching curve; Author-Supplied Keyword: Two-phase flow; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.08.044
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118156802&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Tan, Zhihong
AU  - Schneider, Tapio
AU  - Teixeira, João
AU  - Pressel, Kyle G.
T1  - Large-eddy simulation of subtropical cloud-topped boundary layers: 1. A forcing framework with closed surface energy balance.
JO  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
JF  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1565
EP  - 1585
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 19422466
AB  - Large-eddy simulation (LES) of clouds has the potential to resolve a central question in climate dynamics, namely, how subtropical marine boundary layer (MBL) clouds respond to global warming. However, large-scale processes need to be prescribed or represented parameterically in the limited-area LES domains. It is important that the representation of large-scale processes satisfies constraints such as a closed energy balance in a manner that is realizable under climate change. For example, LES with fixed sea surface temperatures usually do not close the surface energy balance, potentially leading to spurious surface fluxes and cloud responses to climate change. Here a framework of forcing LES of subtropical MBL clouds is presented that enforces a closed surface energy balance by coupling atmospheric LES to an ocean mixed layer with a sea surface temperature (SST) that depends on radiative fluxes and sensible and latent heat fluxes at the surface. A variety of subtropical MBL cloud regimes (stratocumulus, cumulus, and stratocumulus over cumulus) are simulated successfully within this framework. However, unlike in conventional frameworks with fixed SST, feedbacks between cloud cover and SST arise, which can lead to sudden transitions between cloud regimes (e.g., stratocumulus to cumulus) as forcing parameters are varied. The simulations validate this framework for studies of MBL clouds and establish its usefulness for studies of how the clouds respond to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LARGE eddy simulation models
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - DYNAMIC climatology
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - boundary layer clouds
KW  - cloud radiative effects
KW  - large-eddy simulation
KW  - stratocumulus to cumulus transition
N1  - Accession Number: 120900196; Tan, Zhihong 1,2,3 Schneider, Tapio 1,2 Teixeira, João 2,4 Pressel, Kyle G. 1; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, ETH Zürich  2: California Institute of Technology  3: Department of Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p1565; Subject Term: LARGE eddy simulation models; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: DYNAMIC climatology; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: boundary layer clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud radiative effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratocumulus to cumulus transition; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/2016MS000655
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120900196&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Blossey, Peter N.
AU  - Bretherton, Christopher S.
AU  - Cheng, Anning
AU  - Endo, Satoshi
AU  - Heus, Thijs
AU  - Lock, Adrian P.
AU  - van der Dussen, Johan J.
T1  - CGILS Phase 2 LES intercomparison of response of subtropical marine low cloud regimes to CO2 quadrupling and a CMIP3 composite forcing change.
JO  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
JF  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1714
EP  - 1726
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 19422466
AB  - Phase 1 of the CGILS large-eddy simulation (LES) intercomparison is extended to understand if subtropical marine boundary-layer clouds respond to idealized climate perturbations consistently in six LES models. Here the responses to quadrupled carbon dioxide ( 'fast adjustment ') and to a composite climate perturbation representative of CMIP3 multimodel mean 2×CO2 near-equilibrium conditions are analyzed. As in Phase 1, the LES is run to equilibrium using specified steady summertime forcings representative of three locations in the Northeast Pacific Ocean in shallow well-mixed stratocumulus, decoupled stratocumulus, and shallow cumulus cloud regimes. The results are generally consistent with a single-LES study of Bretherton et al. () on which this intercomparison was based. Both quadrupled CO2 and the composite climate perturbation result in less cloud and a shallower boundary layer for all models in well-mixed stratocumulus and for all but a single LES in decoupled stratocumulus and shallow cumulus, corroborating similar findings from global climate models (GCMs). For both perturbations, the amount of cloud reduction varies across the models, but there is less intermodel scatter than in GCMs. The cloud radiative effect changes are much larger in the stratocumulus-capped regimes than in the shallow cumulus regime, for which precipitation buffering may damp the cloud response. In the decoupled stratocumulus and cumulus regimes, both the CO2 increase and CMIP3 perturbations reduce boundary-layer decoupling, due to the shallowing of inversion height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LARGE eddy simulation models
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - CARBON dioxide
KW  - SIMULATION methods & models
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sciences
KW  - cloud feedbacks
KW  - large-eddy simulation
KW  - marine boundary layer cloud
N1  - Accession Number: 120900190; Blossey, Peter N. 1 Bretherton, Christopher S. 1 Cheng, Anning 2,3 Endo, Satoshi 4 Heus, Thijs 5 Lock, Adrian P. 6 van der Dussen, Johan J. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc.  3: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center  4: Brookhaven National Laboratory  5: Department of Physics, Cleveland State University  6: Met Office  7: Delft University of Technology; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p1714; Subject Term: LARGE eddy simulation models; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: CARBON dioxide; Subject Term: SIMULATION methods & models; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud feedbacks; Author-Supplied Keyword: large-eddy simulation; Author-Supplied Keyword: marine boundary layer cloud; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/2016MS000765
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Cheng, Anning
T1  - Understanding the tropical cloud feedback from an analysis of the circulation and stability regimes simulated from an upgraded multiscale modeling framework.
JO  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
JF  - Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 1825
EP  - 1846
PB  - Wiley-Blackwell
SN  - 19422466
AB  - As revealed from studies using conventional general circulation models (GCMs), the thermodynamic contribution to the tropical cloud feedback dominates the dynamic contribution, but these models have difficulty in simulating the subsidence regimes in the tropics. In this study, we analyze the tropical cloud feedback from a 2 K sea surface temperature (SST) perturbation experiment performed with a multiscale modeling framework (MMF). The MMF explicitly represents cloud processes using 2-D cloud-resolving models with an advanced higher-order turbulence closure in each atmospheric column of the host GCM. We sort the monthly mean cloud properties and cloud radiative effects according to circulation and stability regimes. We find that the regime-sorted dynamic changes dominate the thermodynamic changes in terms of the absolute magnitude. The dynamic changes in the weak subsidence regimes exhibit strong negative cloud feedback due to increases in shallow cumulus and deep clouds while those in strongly convective and moderate-to-strong subsidence regimes have opposite signs, resulting in a small contribution to cloud feedback. On the other hand, the thermodynamic changes are large due to decreases in stratocumulus clouds in the moderate-to-strong subsidence regimes with small opposite changes in the weak subsidence and strongly convective regimes, resulting in a relatively large contribution to positive cloud feedback. The dynamic and thermodynamic changes contribute equally to positive cloud feedback and are relatively insensitive to stability in the moderate-to-strong subsidence regimes. But they are sensitive to stability changes from the SST increase in convective and weak subsidence regimes. These results have implications for interpreting cloud feedback mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLIMATE feedbacks
KW  - RADIATIVE forcing
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - CLOUD feedback
KW  - TROPICS
KW  - cloud feedback
KW  - dynamical component
KW  - low clouds
KW  - MMF
KW  - thermodynamic component
KW  - tropical stability
N1  - Accession Number: 120900182; Xu, Kuan-Man 1 Cheng, Anning 2; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center  2: EMC/NCEP, NOAA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 8 Issue 4, p1825; Subject Term: CLIMATE feedbacks; Subject Term: RADIATIVE forcing; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: CLOUD feedback; Subject Term: TROPICS; Author-Supplied Keyword: cloud feedback; Author-Supplied Keyword: dynamical component; Author-Supplied Keyword: low clouds; Author-Supplied Keyword: MMF; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermodynamic component; Author-Supplied Keyword: tropical stability; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1002/2016MS000767
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120900182&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Huang, Xinchuan
AU  - Schwenke, David W.
AU  - Lee, Timothy J.
T1  - Ames 32S16O18O line list for high-resolution experimental IR analysis.
JO  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
JF  - Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 330
M3  - Article
SP  - 101
EP  - 111
SN  - 00222852
AB  - By comparing to the most recent experimental data and spectra of the SO 2 628 ν 1 /ν 3 bands (see Ulenikov et al., JQSRT 168 (2016) 29–39), this study illustrates the reliability and accuracy of the Ames-296K SO 2 line list, which is accurate enough to facilitate such high-resolution spectroscopic analysis. The SO 2 628 IR line list is computed on a recently improved potential energy surface (PES) refinement, denoted Ames-Pre2, and the published purely ab initio CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(Q+d)Z dipole moment surface. Progress has been made in both energy level convergence and rovibrational quantum number assignments agreeing with laboratory analysis models. The accuracy of the computed 628 energy levels and line list is similar to what has been achieved and reported for SO 2 626 and 646, i.e. 0.01–0.03 cm −1 for bands up to 5500 cm −1 . During the comparison, we found some discrepancies in addition to overall good agreements. The three-IR-list based feature-by-feature analysis in a 0.25 cm −1 spectral window clearly demonstrates the power of the current Ames line lists with new assignments, correction of some errors, and intensity contributions from varied sources including other isotopologues. We are inclined to attribute part of detected discrepancies to an incomplete experimental analysis and missing intensity in the model. With complete line position, intensity, and rovibrational quantum numbers determined at 296 K, spectroscopic analysis is significantly facilitated especially for a spectral range exhibiting such an unusually high density of lines. The computed 628 rovibrational levels and line list are accurate enough to provide alternatives for the missing bands or suspicious assignments, as well as helpful to identify these isotopologues in various celestial environments. The next step will be to revisit the SO 2 828 and 646 spectral analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM numbers
KW  - POTENTIAL energy surfaces
KW  - RESOLUTION (Chemistry)
KW  - SULFUR dioxide
KW  - INFRARED spectroscopy
KW  - ISOTOPOLOGUES
KW  - Empirical refinement
KW  - IR line list database
KW  - Isotopologue
KW  - Sulfur dioxide
N1  - Accession Number: 120148157; Huang, Xinchuan 1,2; Email Address: Xinchuan.Huang-1@nasa.gov Schwenke, David W. 3; Email Address: David.W.Schwenke@nasa.gov Lee, Timothy J. 4; Email Address: Timothy.J.Lee@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite #200, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: MS 245-6, Astrophysics Branch, ASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: MS T27B-1, NAS Facility, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: MS 245-1, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 330, p101; Subject Term: QUANTUM numbers; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy surfaces; Subject Term: RESOLUTION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SULFUR dioxide; Subject Term: INFRARED spectroscopy; Subject Term: ISOTOPOLOGUES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Empirical refinement; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR line list database; Author-Supplied Keyword: Isotopologue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sulfur dioxide; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jms.2016.08.013
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120148157&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhu, Pingping
AU  - Cui, Zhiwei
AU  - Kesler, Michael S.
AU  - Newman, John A.
AU  - Manuel, Michele V.
AU  - Wright, M. Clara
AU  - Brinson, L. Catherine
T1  - Characterization and modeling of three-dimensional self-healing shape memory alloy-reinforced metal-matrix composites.
JO  - Mechanics of Materials
JF  - Mechanics of Materials
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 01676636
SN  - 9780077221409
AB  - In this work, three-dimensional metal-matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are modeled and simulated, by adopting an SMA constitutive model accounting for elastic deformation, phase transformation and plastic behavior. A modeling method to create composites with pre-strained SMA wires is also proposed to improve the self-healing ability. Experimental validation is provided with a composite under three-point bending. This modeling method is applied in a series of finite element simulations to investigate the self-healing effects in pre-cracked composites, especially the role of the SMA reinforcement, the softening property of the matrix, and the effect of pre-strain in the SMA. The results demonstrate that SMA reinforcements provide stronger shape recovery ability than other, non-transforming materials. The softening property of the metallic matrix and the pre-strain in SMA are also beneficial to help crack closure and healing. This modeling approach can serve as an efficient tool to design SMA-reinforced MMCs with optimal self-healing properties that have potential applications in components needing a high level of reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Mechanics of Materials is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SELF-healing materials
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - METALLIC composites
KW  - METALLIC wire
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - ELASTIC deformation
KW  - Crack closure
KW  - Digital image correlation
KW  - Finite element model
KW  - Phase transformation
KW  - Pre-strain
N1  - Accession Number: 118697079; Zhu, Pingping 1 Cui, Zhiwei 1 Kesler, Michael S. 2 Newman, John A. 3 Manuel, Michele V. 2 Wright, M. Clara 4 Brinson, L. Catherine 1; Email Address: cbrinson@northwestern.edu; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA  2: Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA  3: NASA Langley Research Center, VA 23681 USA  4: NASA Kennedy Space Center, FL 32899 USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 103, p1; Subject Term: SELF-healing materials; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: METALLIC composites; Subject Term: METALLIC wire; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: ELASTIC deformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crack closure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digital image correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Phase transformation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pre-strain; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.mechmat.2016.09.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118697079&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hambleton, K.
AU  - Kurtz, D. W.
AU  - Prša, A.
AU  - Quinn, S. N.
AU  - Fuller, J.
AU  - Murphy, S. J.
AU  - Thompson, S. E.
AU  - Latham, D. W.
AU  - Shporer, A.
T1  - KIC 3749404: a heartbeat star with rapid apsidal advance indicative of a tertiary component.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/12//12/1/2016
VL  - 463
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1199
EP  - 1212
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Heartbeat stars are eccentric (e > 0.2) ellipsoidal variables whose light curves resemble a cardiogram. We present the observations and corresponding model of KIC 3749404, a highly eccentric (e = 0.66), short period (P = 20.3 d) heartbeat star with tidally induced pulsations. A binary star model was created using PHOEBE, which we modified to include tidally induced pulsations and Doppler boosting. The morphology of the photometric periastron variation (heartbeat) depends strongly on the eccentricity, inclination and argument of periastron. We show that the inclusion of tidally induced pulsations in the model significantly changes the parameter values, specifically the inclination and those parameters dependent on it. Furthermore, we determine the rate of apsidal advance by modelling the periastron variation at the beginning and end of the 4-yr Kepler data set and dividing by the elapsed time. We compare the model with the theoretical expectations for classical and general relativistic apsidal motion and find the observed rate to be two orders of magnitude greater than the theoretical rate. We find that the observed rate cannot be explained by tidally induced pulsations alone and consequently hypothesize the presence of a third body in the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - RELATIVISTIC astrophysics
KW  - DOPPLER effect
KW  - BOOSTING algorithms
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL research
KW  - binaries: eclipsing
KW  - stars: individual: KIC 3749404
KW  - stars: oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 119131490; Hambleton, K. 1,2; Email Address: kelly.hambleton@villanova.edu Kurtz, D. W. 2 Prša, A. 2 Quinn, S. N. 3 Fuller, J. 4 Murphy, S. J. 5 Thompson, S. E. 6,7 Latham, D. W. 8 Shporer, A. 9; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Villanova University, 800 East Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, USA  2: Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston PR1 2HE, UK  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Place Suite 605, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA  4: TAPIR, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Mailcode 350-17, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stellar Astrophysics Centre, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  9: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2016, Vol. 463 Issue 2, p1199; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: RELATIVISTIC astrophysics; Subject Term: DOPPLER effect; Subject Term: BOOSTING algorithms; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL research; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: eclipsing; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: individual: KIC 3749404; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: oscillations; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw1970
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119131490&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Grandis, S.
AU  - Rapetti, D.
AU  - Saro, A.
AU  - Mohr, J. J.
AU  - Dietrich, J. P.
T1  - Quantifying tensions between CMB and distance data sets in models with free curvature or lensing amplitude.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/12//12/1/2016
VL  - 463
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1416
EP  - 1430
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Recent measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) by the Planck Collaboration have produced arguably the most powerful observational evidence in support of the standard model of cosmology, i.e. the spatially flat ΛCDM paradigm. In this work, we perform model selection tests to examine whether the base CMB temperature and large scale polarization anisotropy data from Planck 2015 (P15; Planck Collaboration XIII) prefer any of eight commonly used one-parameter model extensions with respect to flat ΛCDM. We find a clear preference for models with free curvature, ΩK, or free amplitude of the CMB lensing potential, AL. We also further develop statistical tools to measure tension between data sets. We use a Gaussianization scheme to compute tensions directly from the posterior samples using an entropy-based method, the surprise, as well as a calibrated evidence ratio presented here for the first time. We then proceed to investigate the consistency between the base P15 CMB data and six other CMB and distance data sets. In flat ΛCDM we find a 4.8σ tension between the base P15 CMB data and a distance ladder measurement, whereas the former are consistent with the other data sets. In the curved ΛCDM model we find significant tensions in most of the cases, arising from the well-known low power of the low-l multipoles of the CMB data. In the flat ΛCDM+AL model, however, all data sets are consistent with the base P15 CMB observations except for the CMB lensing measurement, which remains in significant tension. This tension is driven by the increased power of the CMB lensing potential derived from the base P15 CMB constraints in both models, pointing at either potentially unresolved systematic effects or the need for new physics beyond the standard flat ΛCDM model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - COSMIC background radiation
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - ANISOTROPY
KW  - QUANTITATIVE research
KW  - cosmic background radiation
KW  - cosmological parameters
KW  - cosmology: observations
KW  - distance scale
KW  - methods: statistical
N1  - Accession Number: 119131508; Grandis, S. 1,2; Email Address: s.grandis@lmu.de Rapetti, D. 1,2,3,4 Saro, A. 1,2 Mohr, J. J. 1,2,5 Dietrich, J. P. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit at, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany  2: Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany  3: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, C0 80309, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr., D-85748 Garching, Germany; Source Info: 12/1/2016, Vol. 463 Issue 2, p1416; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Subject Term: COSMIC background radiation; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: ANISOTROPY; Subject Term: QUANTITATIVE research; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmic background radiation; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmological parameters; Author-Supplied Keyword: cosmology: observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: distance scale; Author-Supplied Keyword: methods: statistical; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw2028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119131508&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burningham, Ben
AU  - Hardcastle, M.
AU  - Nichols, J. D.
AU  - Casewell, S. L.
AU  - Littlefair, S. P.
AU  - Stark, C.
AU  - Burleigh, M. R.
AU  - Metchev, S.
AU  - Tannock, M. E.
AU  - van Weeren, R. J.
AU  - Williams, W. L.
AU  - Wyn, G. A.
T1  - A LOFAR mini-survey for low-frequency radio emission from the nearest brown dwarfs.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2016/12//12/1/2016
VL  - 463
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 2202
EP  - 2209
SN  - 00358711
AB  - We have conducted a mini-survey for low-frequency radio emission from some of the closest brown dwarfs to the Sun with rapid rotation rates: SIMP J013656.5+093347, WISEPC J150649.97+702736.0 and WISEPA J174124.26+255319.5. We have placed robust 3s upper limits on the flux density in the 111-169 MHz frequency range for these targets: WISE 1506: <0.72 mJy; WISE 1741: <0.87 mJy; SIMP 0136: <0.66 mJy. At 8 h of integration per target to achieve these limits, we find that systematic and detailed study of this class of object at LOFAR frequencies will require a substantial dedication of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - SOLAR radio emission
KW  - STELLAR rotation
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL surveys
KW  - brown dwarfs
KW  - stars: low-mass
KW  - surveys
N1  - Accession Number: 119131566; Burningham, Ben 1,2; Email Address: b.burningham@herts.ac.uk Hardcastle, M. 2 Nichols, J. D. 3 Casewell, S. L. 3 Littlefair, S. P. 4 Stark, C. 5 Burleigh, M. R. 3 Metchev, S. 6,7 Tannock, M. E. 6 van Weeren, R. J. 8 Williams, W. L. 2 Wyn, G. A. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  3: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK  5: Division of Computing and Mathematics, Kydd Building, Abertay University, Dundee DD1 1HG, UK  6: Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  7: Department of Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA  8: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Source Info: 12/1/2016, Vol. 463 Issue 2, p2202; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: SOLAR radio emission; Subject Term: STELLAR rotation; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL surveys; Author-Supplied Keyword: brown dwarfs; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: low-mass; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw2065
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Verseux, Cyprien
AU  - Acevedo-Rocha, Carlos
AU  - Chizzolini, Fabio
AU  - Rothschild, Lynn
T1  - Misconceptions of Synthetic Biology: Lessons from an Interdisciplinary Summer School.
JO  - NanoEthics
JF  - NanoEthics
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 327
EP  - 336
SN  - 18714757
AB  - In 2014, an international group of scholars from various fields analysed the 'societal dimensions' of synthetic biology in an interdisciplinary summer school. Here, we report and discuss the biologists' observations on the general perception of synthetic biology by non-biologists who took part in this event. Most attendees mainly associated synthetic biology with contributions from the best-known public figures of the field, rarely mentioning other scientists. Media extrapolations of those contributions appeared to have created unrealistic expectations and irrelevant fears that were widely disconnected from the current research in synthetic biology. Another observation was that when debating developments in synthetic biology, semantics strongly mattered: depending on the terms used to present an application of synthetic biology, attendees reacted in radically different ways. For example, using the term 'GMOs' (genetically modified organisms) rather than the term 'genetic engineering' led to very different reactions. Stimulating debates also happened with participants having unanticipated points of view, for instance biocentrist ethicists who argued that engineered microbes should not be used for human purposes. Another communication challenge emerged from the connotations and inaccuracies surrounding the word 'life', which impaired constructive debates, thus leading to misconceptions about the abilities of scientists to engineer or even create living organisms. Finally, it appeared that synthetic biologists tend to overestimate the knowledge of non-biologists, further affecting communication. The motivation and ability of synthetic biologists to communicate their work outside their research field needs to be fostered, notably towards policymakers who need a more accurate and technical understanding of the field to make informed decisions. Interdisciplinary events gathering scholars working in and around synthetic biology are an effective tool in addressing those issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of NanoEthics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SYNTHETIC biology
KW  - TRANSGENIC organisms
KW  - TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
KW  - Emerging technologies
KW  - Interdisciplinarity
KW  - Science policy
KW  - Scientist-layperson communication
KW  - Synthetic biology
N1  - Accession Number: 120261921; Verseux, Cyprien 1; Email Address: cyprien.verseux@gmail.com Acevedo-Rocha, Carlos Chizzolini, Fabio 2 Rothschild, Lynn 3; Affiliation:  1: University of Rome Tor Vergata , Rome Italy  2: Università degli Studi di Trento , Trient Italy  3: NASA Ames Research Center , Moffett Field USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 10 Issue 3, p327; Subject Term: SYNTHETIC biology; Subject Term: TRANSGENIC organisms; Subject Term: TECHNOLOGICAL innovations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Emerging technologies; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interdisciplinarity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Science policy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scientist-layperson communication; Author-Supplied Keyword: Synthetic biology; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11569-016-0264-3
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hosamani, Ravikumar
AU  - Krishna, Gokul
AU  - Muralidhara
T1  - Standardized Bacopa monnieri extract ameliorates acute paraquat-induced oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity in prepubertal mice brain.
JO  - Nutritional Neuroscience
JF  - Nutritional Neuroscience
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 19
IS  - 10
M3  - Article
SP  - 434
EP  - 446
PB  - Taylor & Francis Ltd
SN  - 1028415X
AB  - Objectives:Bacopa monnieri(BM), an ayurvedic medicinal plant, has attracted considerable interest owing to its diverse neuropharmacological properties. Epidemiological studies have shown significant correlation between paraquat (PQ) exposure and increased risk for Parkinson's disease in humans. In this study, we examined the propensity of standardized extract of BM to attenuate acute PQ-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunctions, and neurotoxicity in the different brain regions of prepubertal mice. Methods: To test this hypothesis, prepubertal mice provided orally with standardized BM extract (200 mg/kg body weight/day for 4 weeks) were challenged with an acute dose (15 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) of PQ after 3 hours of last dose of extract. Mice were sacrificed after 48 hours of PQ injection, and different brain regions were isolated and subjected to biochemical determinations/quantification of central monoamine (dopamine, DA) levels (by high-performance liquid chromatography). Results: Oral supplementation of BM for 4 weeks resulted in significant reduction in the basal levels of oxidative markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and hydroperoxides (HP) in various brain regions. PQ at the administered dose elicited marked oxidative stress within 48 hours in various brain regions of mice. However, BM prophylaxis significantly improved oxidative homeostasis by restoring PQ-induced ROS, MDA, and HP levels and also by attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction. Interestingly, BM supplementation restored the activities of cholinergic enzymes along with the restoration of striatal DA levels among the PQ-treated mice. Discussion: Based on these findings, we infer that BM prophylaxis renders the brain resistant to PQ-mediated oxidative perturbations and thus may be better exploited as a preventive approach to protect against oxidative-mediated neuronal dysfunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nutritional Neuroscience is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BACOPA monnieri
KW  - PLANT extracts
KW  - OXIDATIVE stress
KW  - NEUROTOXICOLOGY
KW  - PUBERTY
KW  - BRAIN -- Physiology
KW  - MICE as laboratory animals
KW  - THERAPEUTIC use
KW  - Bacopa monnieri
KW  - Mice
KW  - Mitochondrial dysfunctions
KW  - Oxidative stress
KW  - Paraquat
KW  - Parkinson's disease
N1  - Accession Number: 119572632; Hosamani, Ravikumar 1,2 Krishna, Gokul 1 Muralidhara 1; Affiliation:  1: Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, India  2: Space Bioscience Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 19 Issue 10, p434; Subject Term: BACOPA monnieri; Subject Term: PLANT extracts; Subject Term: OXIDATIVE stress; Subject Term: NEUROTOXICOLOGY; Subject Term: PUBERTY; Subject Term: BRAIN -- Physiology; Subject Term: MICE as laboratory animals; Subject Term: THERAPEUTIC use; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bacopa monnieri; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mice; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mitochondrial dysfunctions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidative stress; Author-Supplied Keyword: Paraquat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Parkinson's disease; NAICS/Industry Codes: 112990 All Other Animal Production; Number of Pages: 13p; Illustrations: 5 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1179/1476830514Y.0000000149
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119572632&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Willis, Josh K.
AU  - Rignot, Eric
AU  - Nerem, R. Steven
AU  - Lindstrom, Eric
T1  - INTRODUCTION TO THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON Ocean-Ice Interaction.
JO  - Oceanography
JF  - Oceanography
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 29
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 19
EP  - 21
SN  - 10428275
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editors discuss various reports within the issue on topics including relation between freshwater from the Greenland Ice Sheet and changes in Atlantic water, warm and salty water originating in the North Atlantic, and dynamic nature of the glacier front.
KW  - GLACIERS
KW  - GREENLAND Ice Sheet (Greenland)
KW  - NORTH Atlantic Ocean
N1  - Accession Number: 120179171; Willis, Josh K. 1; Email Address: joshua.k.willis@jpl.nasa.gov Rignot, Eric 2,3 Nerem, R. Steven 4,5 Lindstrom, Eric 6; Affiliation:  1: Project Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  2: Donald Bren Professor of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA  3: Principal Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA  4: Professor, Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research, Department of Aerospace Engineering Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA  5: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA  6: Physical Oceanography Program Scientist, Science Mission Directorate, NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p19; Subject Term: GLACIERS; Subject Term: GREENLAND Ice Sheet (Greenland); Subject Term: NORTH Atlantic Ocean; Number of Pages: 3p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5670/oceanog.2016.95
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Haskins, Justin B.
AU  - Thompson, Alexander E.
AU  - Lawson, John W.
T1  - Ab initio simulations of phase stability and martensitic transitions in NiTi.
JO  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
JF  - Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 94
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 10980121
AB  - For NiTi-based alloys, the shape memory effect is governed by a transition from a low-temperature martensite phase to a high-temperature austenite phase. Despite considerable experimental and computational work, basic questions regarding the stability of the phases and the martensitic phase transition remain unclear even for the simple case of binary, equiatomic NiTi. We perform ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to describe the temperature-dependent behavior of NiTi and resolve several of these outstanding issues. Structural correlation functions and finite temperature phonon spectra are evaluated to determine phase stability. We show that finite temperature, entropic effects stabilize the experimentally observed martensite (B19') and austenite (B2) phases while destabilizing the theoretically predicted (B33) phase. Free energy computations based on ab initio thermodynamic integration confirm these results and permit estimates of the transition temperature between the phases. In addition to the martensitic phase transition, we predict a new transition between the B33 and B19' phases. The role of defects in suppressing phase transformation temperatures is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review B: Condensed Matter & Materials Physics is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - MARTENSITIC transformations
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - HASKINS, Justin B.
KW  - THOMPSON, Alexander E.
KW  - LAWSON, John W.
KW  - PHYSICAL Review (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 120665666; Haskins, Justin B. 1 Thompson, Alexander E. 2 Lawson, John W. 3; Email Address: john.w.lawson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: AMA Inc., Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  2: USRA, Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Thermal Protection Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 94 Issue 21, p1; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: MARTENSITIC transformations; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Reviews & Products: PHYSICAL Review (Periodical); People: HASKINS, Justin B.; People: THOMPSON, Alexander E.; People: LAWSON, John W.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevB.94.214110
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Choi, Sungshin
AU  - Ray, Hami E.
AU  - Lai, San-Huei
AU  - Alwood, Joshua S.
AU  - Globus, Ruth K.
T1  - Preservation of Multiple Mammalian Tissues to Maximize Science Return from Ground Based and Spaceflight Experiments.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2016/12//12/1/2016
VL  - 11
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Background:  Even with recent scientific advancements, challenges posed by limited resources and capabilities at the time of sample dissection continue to limit the collection of high quality tissues from experiments that can be conducted only infrequently and at high cost, such as in space. The resources and time it takes to harvest tissues post-euthanasia, and the methods and duration of long duration storage, potentially have negative impacts on sample quantity and quality, thereby limiting the scientific outcome that can be achieved. Objectives:  The goals of this study were to optimize methods for both sample recovery and science return from rodent experiments, with possible relevance to both ground based and spaceflight studies. The first objective was to determine the impacts of tissue harvest time post-euthanasia, preservation methods, and storage duration, focusing on RNA quality and enzyme activities in liver and spleen as indices of sample quality. The second objective was to develop methods that will maximize science return by dissecting multiple tissues after long duration storage in situ at -80°C. Methods:  Tissues of C57Bl/6J mice were dissected and preserved at various time points post-euthanasia and stored at -80°C for up to 11 months. In some experiments, tissues were recovered from frozen carcasses which had been stored at -80°C up to 7 months. RNA quantity and quality was assessed by measuring RNA Integrity Number (RIN) values using an Agilent Bioanalyzer. Additionally, the quality of tissues was assessed by measuring activities of hepatic enzymes (catalase, glutathione reductase and GAPDH). Results:  Fresh tissues were collected up to one hour post-euthanasia, and stored up to 11 months at -80°C, with minimal adverse effects on the RNA quality of either livers or RNAlater-preserved spleens. Liver enzyme activities were similar to those of positive controls, with no significant effect observed at any time point. Tissues dissected from frozen carcasses that had been stored for up to 7 months at -80°C had variable results, depending on the specific tissue analyzed. RNA quality of liver, heart, and kidneys were minimally affected after 6–7 months of storage at -80°C, whereas RNA degradation was evident in tissues such as small intestine, bone, and bone marrow when they were collected from the carcasses frozen for 2.5 months. Conclusion:  These results demonstrate that 1) the protocols developed for spaceflight experiments with on-orbit dissections support the retrieval of high quality samples for RNA expression and some protein analyses, despite delayed preservation post-euthanasia or prolonged storage, and 2) many additional tissues for gene expression analysis can be obtained by dissection even following prolonged storage of the tissue in situ at -80°C. These findings have relevance both to high value, ground-based experiments when sample collection capability is severely constrained, and to spaceflight experiments that entail on-orbit sample recovery by astronauts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PRESERVATION of organs, tissues, etc.
KW  - MAMMAL physiology
KW  - RNA -- Analysis
KW  - LIVER enzymes
KW  - GLUTATHIONE reductase
KW  - Anatomy
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Biomolecular isolation
KW  - Bone marrow
KW  - Catalases
KW  - Digestive system
KW  - Enzymes
KW  - Enzymology
KW  - Eye muscles
KW  - Gastrointestinal tract
KW  - Glutathione
KW  - Immune physiology
KW  - Immune system
KW  - Immunology
KW  - Medicine and health sciences
KW  - Molecular biology
KW  - Molecular biology techniques
KW  - Ocular anatomy
KW  - Ocular system
KW  - Peptides
KW  - Physiology
KW  - Proteins
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
KW  - RNA isolation
KW  - Small intestine
KW  - Specimen storage
KW  - Spleen
KW  - Storage and handling
N1  - Accession Number: 119867578; Choi, Sungshin 1,2 Ray, Hami E. 2,3 Lai, San-Huei 1,2 Alwood, Joshua S. 2 Globus, Ruth K. 2; Email Address: ruth.k.globus@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: KBRwyle, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  2: Space Biosciences Division, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  3: ASRC Federal Space and Defense, Inc., Moffett Field, California, United States of America; Source Info: 12/1/2016, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: PRESERVATION of organs, tissues, etc.; Subject Term: MAMMAL physiology; Subject Term: RNA -- Analysis; Subject Term: LIVER enzymes; Subject Term: GLUTATHIONE reductase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomolecular isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bone marrow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Catalases; Author-Supplied Keyword: Digestive system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enzymes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Enzymology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Eye muscles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gastrointestinal tract; Author-Supplied Keyword: Glutathione; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immune physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immune system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Immunology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocular anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ocular system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Peptides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Proteins; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: RNA isolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Small intestine; Author-Supplied Keyword: Specimen storage; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spleen; Author-Supplied Keyword: Storage and handling; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0167391
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Calen B. Henderson
AU  - Radosław Poleski
AU  - Matthew Penny
AU  - Rachel A. Street
AU  - David P. Bennett
AU  - David W. Hogg
AU  - B. Scott Gaudi
AU  - Team, K2. Campaign 9 Microlensing Science
AU  - W. Zhu
AU  - T. Barclay
AU  - G. Barentsen
AU  - S. B. Howell
AU  - F. Mullally
AU  - A. Udalski
AU  - M. K. Szymański
AU  - J. Skowron
AU  - P. Mróz
AU  - S. Kozłowski
AU  - Ł. Wyrzykowski
AU  - P. Pietrukowicz
T1  - Campaign 9 of the K2 Mission: Observational Parameters, Scientific Drivers, and Community Involvement for a Simultaneous Space- and Ground-based Microlensing Survey.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 128
IS  - 970
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - K2's Campaign 9 (K2C9) will conduct a ∼3.7 deg2 survey toward the Galactic bulge from 2016 April 22 through July 2 that will leverage the spatial separation between K2 and the Earth to facilitate measurement of the microlens parallax for microlensing events. These will include several that are planetary in nature as well as many short-timescale microlensing events, which are potentially indicative of free-floating planets (FFPs). These satellite parallax measurements will in turn allow for the direct measurement of the masses of and distances to the lensing systems. In this article we provide an overview of the K2C9 space- and ground-based microlensing survey. Specifically, we detail the demographic questions that can be addressed by this program, including the frequency of FFPs and the Galactic distribution of exoplanets, the observational parameters of K2C9, and the array of resources dedicated to concurrent observations. Finally, we outline the avenues through which the larger community can become involved, and generally encourage participation in K2C9, which constitutes an important pathfinding mission and community exercise in anticipation of WFIRST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALACTIC bulges
KW  - MICROLENSING (Astrophysics)
KW  - SPACE flights
N1  - Accession Number: 120537920; Calen B. Henderson 1,2; Email Address: calen.b.henderson@jpl.nasa.gov Radosław Poleski 3,4 Matthew Penny 3,5 Rachel A. Street 6 David P. Bennett 7 David W. Hogg 8,9 B. Scott Gaudi 3 Team, K2. Campaign 9 Microlensing Science W. Zhu 3 T. Barclay 10 G. Barentsen 10 S. B. Howell 10 F. Mullally 10 A. Udalski 4 M. K. Szymański 4 J. Skowron 4 P. Mróz 4 S. Kozłowski 4 Ł. Wyrzykowski 4 P. Pietrukowicz 4; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  2: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  3: Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  4: Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland  5: Sagan Fellow.  6: Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network, 6740 Cortona Drive, Suite 102, Goleta, CA 93117, USA  7: Laboratory for Exoplanets and Stellar Astrophysics, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  8: Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, 4 Washington Place, Room 424, New York, NY 10003, USA  9: Center for Data Science, New York University, 726 Broadway, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA  10: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 128 Issue 970, p1; Subject Term: GALACTIC bulges; Subject Term: MICROLENSING (Astrophysics); Subject Term: SPACE flights; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/970/124401
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jeffrey C. Smith
AU  - Robert L. Morris
AU  - Jon M. Jenkins
AU  - Stephen T. Bryson
AU  - Douglas A. Caldwell
AU  - Forrest R. Girouard
T1  - Finding Optimal Apertures in Kepler Data.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 128
IS  - 970
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - With the loss of two spacecraft reaction wheels precluding further data collection for the Kepler primary mission, even greater pressure is placed on the processing pipeline to eke out every last transit signal in the data. To that end, we have developed a new method to optimize the Kepler Simple Aperture Photometry (SAP) photometric apertures for both planet detection and minimization of systematic effects. The approach uses a per cadence modeling of the raw pixel data and then performs an aperture optimization based on signal-to-noise ratio and the Kepler Combined Differential Photometric Precision (CDPP), which is a measure of the noise over the duration of a reference transit signal. We have found the new apertures to be superior to the previous Kepler apertures. We can now also find a per cadence flux fraction in aperture and crowding metric. The new approach has also been proven to be robust at finding apertures in K2 data that help mitigate the larger motion-induced systematics in the photometry. The method further allows us to identify errors in the Kepler and K2 input catalogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - SIGNAL-to-noise ratio
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120537926; Jeffrey C. Smith 1,2; Email Address: jeffrey.smith@nasa.gov Robert L. Morris 1,2 Jon M. Jenkins 1 Stephen T. Bryson 1 Douglas A. Caldwell 1,2 Forrest R. Girouard 1,3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Logyx LLC, 425 N. Whisman Road, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 128 Issue 970, p1; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: SIGNAL-to-noise ratio; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/128/970/124501
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537926&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Storey, James
AU  - Roy, David P.
AU  - Masek, Jeffrey
AU  - Gascon, Ferran
AU  - Dwyer, John
AU  - Choate, Michael
T1  - A note on the temporary misregistration of Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Sentinel-2 Multi Spectral Instrument (MSI) imagery.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 186
M3  - Article
SP  - 121
EP  - 122
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 sensors provide multi-spectral image data with similar spectral and spatial characteristics that together provide improved temporal coverage globally. Both systems are designed to register Level 1 products to a reference image framework, however, the Landsat-8 framework, based upon the Global Land Survey images, contains residual geolocation errors leading to an expected sensor-to-sensor misregistration of 38 m (2σ). These misalignments vary geographically but should be stable for a given area. The Landsat framework will be readjusted for consistency with the Sentinel-2 Global Reference Image, with completion expected in 2018. In the interim, users can measure Landsat-to-Sentinel tie points to quantify the misalignment in their area of interest and if appropriate to reproject the data to better alignment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LANDSAT satellites
KW  - MULTISPECTRAL imaging
KW  - SATELLITE interference geolocation technology
KW  - IMAGE registration
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - Image registration
KW  - Landsat
KW  - Sentinel-2
N1  - Accession Number: 119155720; Storey, James 1; Email Address: james.storey.ctr@usgs.gov Roy, David P. 2; Email Address: david.roy@sdstate.edu Masek, Jeffrey 3; Email Address: jeffrey.g.masek@nasa.gov Gascon, Ferran 4; Email Address: ferran.gascon@esa.int Dwyer, John 5; Email Address: dwyer@usgs.gov Choate, Michael 1; Email Address: michael.choate.ctr@usgs.gov; Affiliation:  1: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Contractor to the U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, Sioux Falls, SD, USA  2: Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA  3: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA  4: European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research Institute (ESRIN), Frascati, Italy  5: U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center, SD, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 186, p121; Subject Term: LANDSAT satellites; Subject Term: MULTISPECTRAL imaging; Subject Term: SATELLITE interference geolocation technology; Subject Term: IMAGE registration; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image registration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landsat; Author-Supplied Keyword: Sentinel-2; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119155720&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Qingyuan
AU  - Middleton, Elizabeth M.
AU  - Cheng, Yen-Ben
AU  - Huemmrich, K. Fred
AU  - Cook, Bruce D.
AU  - Corp, Lawrence A.
AU  - Kustas, William P.
AU  - Russ, Andrew L.
AU  - Prueger, John H.
AU  - Yao, Tian
T1  - Integrating chlorophyll fAPAR and nadir photochemical reflectance index from EO-1/Hyperion to predict cornfield daily gross primary production.
JO  - Remote Sensing of Environment
JF  - Remote Sensing of Environment
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 186
M3  - Article
SP  - 311
EP  - 321
SN  - 00344257
AB  - The concept of light use efficiency (ε) and the concept of fraction of photosynthetically active ration (PAR) absorbed for vegetation photosynthesis (PSN), i.e., fAPAR PSN , have been widely utilized to estimate vegetation gross primary productivity (GPP). It has been demonstrated that the photochemical reflectance index (PRI) is empirically related to ε. An experimental US Department of Agriculture (USDA) cornfield in Maryland was selected as our study field. We explored the potential of integrating fAPAR chl (defined as the fraction of PAR absorbed by chlorophyll) and nadir PRI (PRI nadir ) to predict cornfield daily GPP. We acquired nadir or near-nadir EO-1/Hyperion satellite images that covered the cornfield and took nadir in-situ field spectral measurements. Those data were used to derive the PRI nadir and fAPAR chl . The fAPAR chl is retrieved with the advanced radiative transfer model PROSAIL2 and the Metropolis approach, a type of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) estimation procedure. We define chlorophyll light use efficiency (ε chl ) as the ratio of vegetation GPP as measured by eddy covariance techniques to PAR absorbed by chlorophyll (ε chl = GPP/APAR chl ). Daily ε chl retrieved with the EO-1 Hyperion images was regressed with a linear equation of PRI nadir (ε chl = α × PRI nadir + β). The satellite ε chl -PRI nadir linear relationship for the cornfield was implemented to develop an integrated daily GPP model [GPP = (α × PRI nadir + β) × fAPAR chl × PAR], which was evaluated with fAPAR chl and PRI nadir retrieved from field measurements. Daily GPP estimated with this fAPAR chl -PRI nadir integration model was strongly correlated with the observed tower in-situ daily GPP (R 2 = 0.93); with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.71 g C mol − 1 PPFD and coefficient of variation (CV) of 16.57%. Both seasonal ε chl and PRI nadir were strongly correlated with fAPAR chl retrieved from field measurements, which indicates that chlorophyll content strongly affects seasonal ε chl and PRI nadir . We demonstrate the potential capacity to monitor GPP with space-based visible through shortwave infrared (VSWIR) imaging spectrometers such as NASA’s soon to be decommissioned EO-1/Hyperion and the future Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Remote Sensing of Environment is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHLOROPHYLL
KW  - PRIMARY productivity (Biology)
KW  - PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR)
KW  - REFLECTANCE measurement
KW  - HYPERION (Satellite)
KW  - Chlorophyll
KW  - Cornfield
KW  - Daily GPP
KW  - EO-1/Hyperion
KW  - fAPAR chl
KW  - HyspIRI
KW  - PRI
N1  - Accession Number: 119155688; Zhang, Qingyuan 1,2; Email Address: qyz72@yahoo.com Middleton, Elizabeth M. 2 Cheng, Yen-Ben 2,3 Huemmrich, K. Fred 2,4 Cook, Bruce D. 2 Corp, Lawrence A. 2,5 Kustas, William P. 6 Russ, Andrew L. 6 Prueger, John H. 7 Yao, Tian 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Unversities Space Research Association, Columbia, MD 21044, USA  2: Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, National Aeronautics and Space Administration/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: Sigma Space Corporation, Lanham, MD 20706, USA  4: Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA  5: System Science and Applications, Inc., Lanham, MD 20706, USA  6: Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA  7: USDA Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 186, p311; Subject Term: CHLOROPHYLL; Subject Term: PRIMARY productivity (Biology); Subject Term: PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY active radiation (PAR); Subject Term: REFLECTANCE measurement; Subject Term: HYPERION (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorophyll; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cornfield; Author-Supplied Keyword: Daily GPP; Author-Supplied Keyword: EO-1/Hyperion; Author-Supplied Keyword: fAPAR chl; Author-Supplied Keyword: HyspIRI; Author-Supplied Keyword: PRI; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.rse.2016.08.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119155688&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goodman, Kyle Z.
AU  - Lipford, William E.
AU  - Watkins, Anthony Neal
T1  - Boundary-Layer Detection at Cryogenic Conditions Using Temperature Sensitive Paint Coupled with a Carbon Nanotube Heating Layer.
JO  - Sensors (14248220)
JF  - Sensors (14248220)
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 16
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 17
SN  - 14248220
AB  - Detection of flow transition on aircraft surfaces and models can be vital to the development of future vehicles and computational methods for evaluating vehicle concepts. In testing at ambient conditions, IR thermography is ideal for this measurement. However, for higher Reynolds number testing, cryogenic facilities are often used, in which IR thermography is difficult to employ. In these facilities, temperature sensitive paint is an alternative with a temperature step introduced to enhance the natural temperature change from transition. Traditional methods for inducing the temperature step by changing the liquid nitrogen injection rate often change the tunnel conditions. Recent work has shown that adding a layer consisting of carbon nanotubes to the surface can be used to impart a temperature step on the model surface with little change in the operating conditions. Unfortunately, this system physically degraded at 130 K and lost heating capability. This paper describes a modification of this technique enabling operation down to at least 77 K, well below the temperature reached in cryogenic facilities. This is possible because the CNT layer is in a polyurethane binder. This was tested on a Natural Laminar Flow model in a cryogenic facility and transition detection was successfully visualized at conditions from 200 K to 110 K. Results were also compared with the traditional temperature step method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors (14248220) is the property of MDPI Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - LOW temperature engineering
KW  - CARBON nanotubes
KW  - REYNOLDS number
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - LIQUID nitrogen
KW  - carbon nanotubes (CNT)
KW  - cryogenic testing
KW  - natural laminar flow
KW  - temperature sensitive paint (TSP)
KW  - transition detection
N1  - Accession Number: 120375869; Goodman, Kyle Z. 1; Email Address: kyle.z.goodman@nasa.gov Lipford, William E. 2; Email Address: william.e.lipford@nasa.gov Watkins, Anthony Neal 2; Email Address: N.Watkins@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., 18 Langley Blvd., MS 493, Hampton, VA 23669, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 18 Langley Blvd., MS 493, Hampton, VA 23669, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 16 Issue 12, p1; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: LOW temperature engineering; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes; Subject Term: REYNOLDS number; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: LIQUID nitrogen; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon nanotubes (CNT); Author-Supplied Keyword: cryogenic testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: natural laminar flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: temperature sensitive paint (TSP); Author-Supplied Keyword: transition detection; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3390/s16122062
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120375869&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sturrock, P.
AU  - Fischbach, E.
AU  - Scargle, J.
T1  - Comparative Analyses of Brookhaven National Laboratory Nuclear Decay Measurements and Super-Kamiokande Solar Neutrino Measurements: Neutrinos and Neutrino-Induced Beta-Decays as Probes of the Deep Solar Interior.
JO  - Solar Physics
JF  - Solar Physics
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 291
IS  - 12
M3  - Article
SP  - 3467
EP  - 3484
SN  - 00380938
AB  - An experiment carried out at the Brookhaven National Laboratory over a period of almost 8 years acquired 364 measurements of the beta-decay rates of a sample of ${}^{32}\mbox{Si}$ and, for comparison, of a sample of ${}^{36}\mbox{Cl}$ . The experimenters reported finding ' small periodic annual deviations of the data points from an exponential decay ... of uncertain origin'. We find that power-spectrum and spectrogram analyses of these datasets show evidence not only of the annual oscillations, but also of transient oscillations with frequencies near 11 year and 12.5 year. Similar analyses of 358 measurements of the solar neutrino flux acquired by the Super-Kamiokande neutrino observatory over a period of about 5 years yield evidence of an oscillation near 12.5 year and another near 9.5 year. An oscillation near 12.5 year is compatible with the influence of rotation of the radiative zone. We suggest that an oscillation near 9.5 year may be indicative of rotation of the solar core, and that an oscillation near 11 year may have its origin in a tachocline between the core and the radiative zone. Modulation of the solar neutrino flux may be attributed to an influence of the Sun's internal magnetic field by the Resonant Spin Flavor Precession (RSFP) mechanism, suggesting that neutrinos and neutrino-induced beta decays can provide information about the deep solar interior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Physics is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOACTIVE decay
KW  - SOLAR neutrinos
KW  - SUN
KW  - MAGNETIC fields
KW  - INTERNAL structure
KW  - Nuclear physics
KW  - Solar structure
KW  - BROOKHAVEN National Laboratory
N1  - Accession Number: 119806790; Sturrock, P. 1; Email Address: sturrock@stanford.edu Fischbach, E. 2; Email Address: Ephraim@physics.purdue.edu Scargle, J. 3; Email Address: Jeffrey.D.Scargle@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and the Center for Space Science and Astrophysics , Stanford University , Stanford 94305-4060 USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy , Purdue University , West Lafayette 47907-2036 USA  3: NASA/Ames Research Center, MS 245-3 , Moffett Field 94035 USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 291 Issue 12, p3467; Subject Term: RADIOACTIVE decay; Subject Term: SOLAR neutrinos; Subject Term: SUN; Subject Term: MAGNETIC fields; Subject Term: INTERNAL structure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nuclear physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar structure; Company/Entity: BROOKHAVEN National Laboratory; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11207-016-1008-9
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119806790&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - He, Fei
AU  - Jiang, Yanmei
AU  - Ren, Chunlei
AU  - Dong, Guohui
AU  - Gan, Yun
AU  - Lee, Myong-jin
AU  - Green, Robert D.
AU  - Xue, Xingjian
T1  - Generalized electrical conductivity relaxation approach to determine electrochemical kinetic properties for MIECs.
JO  - Solid State Ionics
JF  - Solid State Ionics
Y1  - 2016/12//
VL  - 297
M3  - Article
SP  - 82
EP  - 92
SN  - 01672738
AB  - Electrical conductivity relaxation (ECR) technique has been widely used to determine kinetic properties of mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIECs). However, this technique is only applicable for reliable determination of kinetic parameters within a confined range of chemical Biot numbers. Since the kinetic properties of the materials are not known a priori, this imposes great difficulties on how to verify the obtained kinetic parameters from obtained ECR data. Further due to the ill-posed nature of ECR problem, the measurement noise could lead to significant uncertainties in the determined kinetic parameters. Herein a generalized ECR (g-ECR) approach is developed by coherently incorporating multiple ECR measurements simultaneously into an inverse algorithm. This new approach is able to improve the accuracy of calculated kinetic parameters and attenuate uncertainties induced by measurement noise over a wider range of chemical Biot numbers than the ECR approach with a single measurement. The capability of both reducing uncertainties and increasing the range of chemical Biot numbers for accurate parameter determination can be achieved by increasing the number of employed ECR measurement responses. A case study of ECR measurement for PrBa(Co 0.75 Fe 0.25 ) 2 O 5 + δ is performed in a mixture gas of N 2 /Air at 600 °C. The kinetic parameters are determined and evaluated using this g-ECR approach. The rationality of using g-ECR approach instead of ECR approach is verified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solid State Ionics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC conductivity
KW  - ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis
KW  - RELAXATION kinetics (Chemistry)
KW  - HEAT equation
KW  - ISOTOPE exchange reactions
KW  - ECR
KW  - Electrochemical kinetics
KW  - MIEC
KW  - SOFC
N1  - Accession Number: 119340973; He, Fei 1 Jiang, Yanmei 1 Ren, Chunlei 1 Dong, Guohui 1 Gan, Yun 1 Lee, Myong-jin 1 Green, Robert D. 2 Xue, Xingjian 1; Email Address: Xue@cec.sc.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 297, p82; Subject Term: ELECTRIC conductivity; Subject Term: ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis; Subject Term: RELAXATION kinetics (Chemistry); Subject Term: HEAT equation; Subject Term: ISOTOPE exchange reactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: ECR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrochemical kinetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: MIEC; Author-Supplied Keyword: SOFC; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssi.2016.10.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119340973&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sarrado, Carlos
AU  - Leone, Frank A.
AU  - Turon, Albert
T1  - Finite-thickness cohesive elements for modeling thick adhesives.
JO  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
JF  - Engineering Fracture Mechanics
Y1  - 2016/12/02/Dec2016 Part B
VL  - 168
M3  - Article
SP  - 105
EP  - 113
SN  - 00137944
AB  - A new cohesive element formulation is proposed for modeling the initial elastic response, softening, and failure of finite-thickness adhesives. By decoupling the penalty stiffness of the cohesive zone model formulation and the physical adhesive modulus, the new formulation ensures proper dissipation of fracture energy for opening and shear loading modes and mixed-mode loading conditions with any combination of elastic and fracture material properties. Predictions are made using the new element formulation for double cantilever beam, end-notched flexure, mixed-mode bending and single lap joint specimens with varying adhesive thicknesses. Good correlation between all predictions and experimental results was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Engineering Fracture Mechanics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ADHESIVES
KW  - THICKNESS measurement
KW  - ELASTICITY
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
KW  - Adhesive joints
KW  - Cohesive zone modeling
KW  - Damage mechanics
KW  - Debonding
KW  - Mixed-mode fracture
N1  - Accession Number: 119560662; Sarrado, Carlos 1; Email Address: carlos.sarrado@udg.edu Leone, Frank A. 2; Email Address: frank.a.leone@nasa.gov Turon, Albert 1; Email Address: albert.turon@udg.edu; Affiliation:  1: AMADE, Polytechnic School, University of Girona, Campus Montilivi s/n, 17071 Girona, Spain  2: Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, MS 190, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Dec2016 Part B, Vol. 168, p105; Subject Term: ADHESIVES; Subject Term: THICKNESS measurement; Subject Term: ELASTICITY; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Adhesive joints; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cohesive zone modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Debonding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mixed-mode fracture; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325520 Adhesive Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 424690 Other Chemical and Allied Products Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 418410 Chemical (except agricultural) and allied product merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2016.03.020
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119560662&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loftis, Jon Derek
AU  - Wang, Harry V.
AU  - DeYoung, Russell J.
AU  - Ball, William B.
T1  - Using Lidar Elevation Data to Develop a Topobathymetric Digital Elevation Model for Sub-Grid Inundation Modeling at Langley Research Center.
JO  - Journal of Coastal Research
JF  - Journal of Coastal Research
Y1  - 2016/12/02/2016 Special Issue 76
M3  - Article
SP  - 134
EP  - 148
PB  - Allen Press Publishing Services Inc.
SN  - 07490208
AB  - Loftis, J.D.; Wang, H.V.; DeYoung, R.J., and Ball, W.B., 2016. Using lidar elevation data to develop a topobathymetric digital elevation model for sub-grid inundation modeling at Langley Research Center. In: Brock, J.C.; Gesch, D.B.; Parrish, C.E.; Rogers, J.N., and Wright, C.W. (eds.), Advances in Topobathymetric Mapping, Models, and Applications. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, No. 76, pp. 134-148. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208. Technological progression in light detection and ranging permits the production of highly detailed digital elevation models, which are useful in sub-grid hydrodynamic modeling applications. Sub-grid modeling technology is capable of incorporating these high-resolution lidar-derived elevation measurements into the conventional hydrodynamic modeling framework to resolve detailed topographic features for inclusion in a hydrological transport model for runoff simulations. The horizontal resolution and vertical accuracy of the digital elevation model is augmented via inclusion of these lidar elevation values on a nested 5-m sub-grid within each coarse computational grid cell. This aids in resolving ditches and overland drainage infrastructure at Langley Research Center to calculate runoff induced by the heavy precipitation often accompanied with tropical storm systems, such as Hurricane Irene (2011) and Hurricane Isabel (2003). Temporal comparisons of model results with a NASA tide gauge during Hurricane Irene yielded a good R2 correlation of 0.97, and root mean squared error statistic of 0.079 m. A rigorous point-to-point comparison between model results and wrack line observations collected at several sites after Hurricane Irene revealed that when soil infiltration was not accounted for in the model, the mean difference between modeled and observed maximum water levels was approximately 10%. This difference was reduced to 2-5% when infiltration was considered in the model formulation, ultimately resulting in the sub-grid model more accurately predicting the horizontal maximum inundation extents within 1.0-8.5 m of flood sites surveyed. Finally, sea-level rise scenarios using Hurricane Isabel as a base case revealed future storm-induced inundation could extend 0.5-2.5 km inland corresponding to increases in mean sea level of 37.5-150 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Coastal Research is the property of Allen Press Publishing Services Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LIDAR (Optics)
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FLOODS
KW  - HURRICANE Irene, 2011
KW  - HURRICANE Sandy, 2012
KW  - Flood modeling
KW  - Hurricane Irene
KW  - Hurricane Isabel
KW  - sea-level rise
KW  - storm surge
KW  - tidewater
KW  - Virginia
N1  - Accession Number: 120511099; Loftis, Jon Derek 1 Wang, Harry V. 1 DeYoung, Russell J. 2 Ball, William B. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physical Sciences, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, U.S.A.  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, U.S.A.; Source Info: 2016 Special Issue 76, p134; Subject Term: LIDAR (Optics); Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLOODS; Subject Term: HURRICANE Irene, 2011; Subject Term: HURRICANE Sandy, 2012; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flood modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hurricane Irene; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hurricane Isabel; Author-Supplied Keyword: sea-level rise; Author-Supplied Keyword: storm surge; Author-Supplied Keyword: tidewater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Virginia; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2112/SI76-012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120511099&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Okojie, R. S.
AU  - Lukco, D.
T1  - Simultaneous ohmic contacts to p- and n-type 4H-SiC by phase segregation annealing of co-sputtered Pt-Ti.
JO  - Journal of Applied Physics
JF  - Journal of Applied Physics
Y1  - 2016/12/07/
VL  - 120
IS  - 21
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 11
SN  - 00218979
AB  - A new concept, Phase Segregation Annealing (PSA), was investigated for implementing simultaneous ohmic contacts (SOCs) to p- and n-type 4H-SiC. Test structures with selected ratio compositions of co-sputtered Pt:Ti contacts were fabricated in p-type 4H-SiC epitaxial layers having aluminum acceptor concentrations, Na = 2 x 1019, 7 x 1019, and 2.5 x 1020 cm-3, and a nitrogen doped n-type epitaxial layer having donor concentration, Nd = 7 x 1018 cm-3. The ratios of the co-sputtered Pt-Ti metallization were 80:20, 50:50, and 30:70 at. %. After rapid thermal annealing (RTA) ranging between 800 and 1200 °C in vacuum and confirming SOCs by linear current-voltage (I-V) measurement, the specific contact resistance (ρc) values were extracted using the Transfer Length Measurement method. SOCs were realized with the Pt80:Ti20 composition starting from 1000 °C, and the Pt30:Ti70 composition from 1100 °C, with both exhibiting eutectic and segregated phases. The Pt50:Ti50 composition produced no SOC and eutectic and segregated phases were absent. The Pt80:Ti20 composition had the lowest pair of average ρc values of 7 x 10-5 Ω cm² and 7.3 x 10-4 Ω cm² on the highest doped p-type and the n-type samples after RTA at 1000 °C, respectively. Auger electron spectroscopy and focused ion beam field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy indicated distinct phase segregation via the eutectic-liquidus-eutectic transitions, the coalescence of likely Pt3Si and Pt2Si binary phases, and solid phases of Ti3Si, Ti5Si3, and TiC, with all the active phases maintaining intimate contact to both the p- and n-type 4H-SiC surfaces. The SOC formation was attributed to the disparate work functions of these phases, which was in good agreement with the proposed PSA model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Applied Physics is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OHMIC contacts
KW  - ELECTRIC contactors
KW  - SEMICONDUCTOR-metal boundaries
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - ANNEALING of metals
N1  - Accession Number: 120087940; Okojie, R. S. 1 Lukco, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA  2: Vantage Partners, LLC, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 2016, Vol. 120 Issue 21, p1; Subject Term: OHMIC contacts; Subject Term: ELECTRIC contactors; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTOR-metal boundaries; Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: ANNEALING of metals; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332811 Metal Heat Treating; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Illustrations: 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 6 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4968572
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michael C. Liu
AU  - Trent J. Dupuy
AU  - Katelyn N. Allers
T1  - THE HAWAII INFRARED PARALLAX PROGRAM. II. YOUNG ULTRACOOL FIELD DWARFS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/12/10/
VL  - 833
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a large, uniform analysis of young (≈10–150 Myr) ultracool dwarfs, based on new high-precision infrared (IR) parallaxes for 68 objects. We find that low-gravity (vl-g) late-M and L dwarfs form a continuous sequence in IR color–magnitude diagrams, separate from the field population and from current theoretical models. These vl-g objects also appear distinct from young substellar (brown dwarf and exoplanet) companions, suggesting that the two populations may have a different range of physical properties. In contrast, at the L/T transition, young, old, and spectrally peculiar objects all span a relatively narrow range in near-IR absolute magnitudes. At a given spectral type, the IR absolute magnitudes of young objects can be offset from ordinary field dwarfs, with the largest offsets occurring in the Y and J bands for late-M dwarfs (brighter than the field) and mid-/late-L dwarfs (fainter than the field). Overall, low-gravity (vl-g) objects have the most uniform photometric behavior, while intermediate gravity (int-g) objects are more diverse, suggesting a third governing parameter beyond spectral type and gravity class. We examine the moving group membership for all young ultracool dwarfs with parallaxes, changing the status of 23 objects (including 8 previously identified planetary-mass candidates) and fortifying the status of another 28 objects. We use our resulting age-calibrated sample to establish empirical young isochrones and show a declining frequency of vl-g objects relative to int-g objects with increasing age. Notable individual objects in our sample include high-velocity (≳100 km s−1) int-g objects, very red late-L dwarfs with high surface gravities, candidate disk-bearing members of the MBM20 cloud and β Pic moving group, and very young distant interlopers. Finally, we provide a comprehensive summary of the absolute magnitudes and spectral classifications of young ultracool dwarfs, using a combined sample of 102 objects found in the field and as substellar companions to young stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - PARALLAX
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - COOL stars (Astronomy)
KW  - EXTRASOLAR planets
N1  - Accession Number: 120154205; Michael C. Liu 1,2; Email Address: mliu@ifa.hawaii.edu Trent J. Dupuy 3 Katelyn N. Allers 2,4; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Astronomy, 2515 Speedway C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA 17837, USA; Source Info: 12/10/2016, Vol. 833 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: PARALLAX; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: COOL stars (Astronomy); Subject Term: EXTRASOLAR planets; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/833/1/96
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Thomas E. Harrison
T1  - ABUNDANCE DERIVATIONS FOR THE SECONDARY STARS IN CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES FROM NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/12/10/
VL  - 833
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We derive metallicities for 41 cataclysmic variables (CVs) from near-infrared spectroscopy. We use synthetic spectra that cover the 0.8 μm ≤ λ ≤ 2.5 μm bandpass to ascertain the value of [Fe/H] for CVs with K-type donors, while also deriving abundances for other elements. Using calibrations for determining [Fe/H] from the K-band spectra of M-dwarfs, we derive more precise values for for the secondaries in the shortest period CVs, and examine whether they have carbon deficits. In general, the donor stars in CVs have subsolar metallicities. We confirm carbon deficits for a large number of systems. CVs with orbital periods >5 hr are most likely to have unusual abundances. We identify four CVs with CO emission. We use phase-resolved spectra to ascertain the mass and radius of the donor in U Gem. The secondary star in U Gem appears to have a lower apparent gravity than a main sequence star of its spectral type. Applying this result to other CVs, we find that the later-than-expected spectral types observed for many CV donors are mostly an effect of inclination. All of the magnetic CVs, except the low accretion rate polar MQ Dra, have donors with subsolar metallicities. We find that two systems with unusual spectra, EI Psc and QZ Ser, have large excesses of sodium and extreme deficits of carbon. Synthetic spectra that have a reduced abundance of hydrogen are best able to explain the spectra of these two objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - BINARY stars
KW  - SYMBIOTIC stars
KW  - VARIABLE stars
KW  - STELLAR oscillations
KW  - PULSATING stars
KW  - SOLAR oscillations
N1  - Accession Number: 120154240; Thomas E. Harrison 1,2,3; Email Address: tharriso@nmsu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, New Mexico State University, Box 30001, MSC 4500, Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA  2: Visiting Observer, W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract from NASA.; Source Info: 12/10/2016, Vol. 833 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: BINARY stars; Subject Term: SYMBIOTIC stars; Subject Term: VARIABLE stars; Subject Term: STELLAR oscillations; Subject Term: PULSATING stars; Subject Term: SOLAR oscillations; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/0004-637X/833/1/14
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120154240&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dutle, Aaron
AU  - Kay, Bill
T1  - Graph odometry.
JO  - Discrete Applied Mathematics
JF  - Discrete Applied Mathematics
Y1  - 2016/12/11/
VL  - 214
M3  - Article
SP  - 108
EP  - 115
SN  - 0166218X
AB  - We address the problem of determining edge weights on a graph using non-backtracking closed walks from a vertex. We show that the weights of all of the edges can be determined from any starting vertex exactly when the graph has minimum degree at least three. We also determine the minimum number of walks required to reveal all edge weights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Discrete Applied Mathematics is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAPH theory
KW  - ODOMETERS
KW  - PROBLEM solving
KW  - EDGES (Geometry)
KW  - BACKTRACK programming
KW  - NUMBER theory
KW  - Graph reconstruction
KW  - Menger’s theorem
KW  - Non-backtracking walk
N1  - Accession Number: 118074745; Dutle, Aaron 1; Email Address: aaron.m.dutle@nasa.gov Kay, Bill 2; Email Address: bill.w.kay@gmail.com; Affiliation:  1: NASA, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, United States  2: Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Emory University, 400 Doman Dr., Atlanta, GA 30329, United States; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 214, p108; Subject Term: GRAPH theory; Subject Term: ODOMETERS; Subject Term: PROBLEM solving; Subject Term: EDGES (Geometry); Subject Term: BACKTRACK programming; Subject Term: NUMBER theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Graph reconstruction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Menger’s theorem; Author-Supplied Keyword: Non-backtracking walk; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.dam.2016.06.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118074745&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Flynn, Clare Marie
AU  - Pickering, Kenneth E.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Weinheimer, Andrew J.
AU  - Diskin, Glenn
AU  - Thornhill, K. Lee
AU  - Loughner, Christopher
AU  - Lee, Pius
AU  - Strode, Sarah A.
T1  - Variability of O3 and NO2 profile shapes during DISCOVER-AQ: Implications for satellite observations and comparisons to model-simulated profiles.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2016/12/15/
VL  - 147
M3  - Article
SP  - 133
EP  - 156
SN  - 13522310
AB  - To investigate the variability of in situ profile shapes under a variety of meteorological and pollution conditions, results are presented of an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis of the in situ O 3 and NO 2 profiles for each of the four campaigns of the NASA DISCOVER-AQ mission. Understanding the observed profile variability for these trace gases is useful for understanding the accuracy of the assumed profile shapes used in satellite retrieval algorithms as well as for understanding the correlation between satellite column observations and surface concentrations. The four campaigns of the DISCOVER-AQ mission took place in Maryland during July 2011, the San Joaquin Valley of California during January–February 2013, the Houston, Texas, metropolitan region during September 2013, and the Denver-Front Range region of Colorado during July–August 2014. Several distinct profile clusters emerged for the California, Texas, and Colorado campaigns for O 3 , indicating significant variability of O 3 profile shapes, while the Maryland campaign presented only one distinct O 3 cluster. In contrast, very few distinct profile clusters emerged for NO 2 during any campaign for this particular clustering technique, indicating the NO 2 profile behavior was relatively uniform throughout each campaign. However, changes in NO 2 profile shape were evident as the boundary layer evolved through the day, but they were apparently not significant enough to yield more clusters. The degree of vertical mixing (as indicated by temperature lapse rate) associated with each cluster exerted an important influence on the shapes of the median cluster profiles for O 3 , as well as impacted the correlations between the associated column and surface data for each cluster for O 3 . The correlation analyses suggest satellites may have the best chance to relate to surface O 3 under the conditions encountered during the Maryland campaign Clusters 1 and 2, which include deep, convective boundary layers and few interruptions to this connection from complex meteorology, chemical environments, or orography. The regional CMAQ model captured the shape factors for O 3 , and moderately well captured the NO 2 shape factors, for the conditions associated with the Maryland campaign, suggesting that a regional air quality model may adequately specify a priori profile shapes for remote sensing retrievals. CMAQ shape factor profiles were not as well represented for the other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CLUSTERING of particles
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Chemistry)
KW  - MOUNTAINS
KW  - CORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL conditions
KW  - SAN Joaquin Valley (Calif.)
KW  - Aircraft measurement campaign
KW  - Cluster analysis
KW  - DISCOVER-AQ
KW  - Measurement-model comparison
KW  - Nitrogen oxides
KW  - Ozone
N1  - Accession Number: 119290679; Flynn, Clare Marie 1; Email Address: cflynn@atmos.umd.edu Pickering, Kenneth E. 1,2 Crawford, James H. 3 Weinheimer, Andrew J. 4 Diskin, Glenn 3 Thornhill, K. Lee 3 Loughner, Christopher 2,5 Lee, Pius 6 Strode, Sarah A. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, United States  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, United States  4: NCAR Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, United States  5: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, United States  6: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, United States  7: GESTAR, NASA/GSFC, United States; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 147, p133; Subject Term: CLUSTERING of particles; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: MOUNTAINS; Subject Term: CORRELATION (Statistics); Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL conditions; Subject Term: SAN Joaquin Valley (Calif.); Author-Supplied Keyword: Aircraft measurement campaign; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cluster analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: DISCOVER-AQ; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurement-model comparison; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nitrogen oxides; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.09.068
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Samaporn Tinyanont
AU  - Mansi M. Kasliwal
AU  - Ori D. Fox
AU  - Ryan Lau
AU  - Nathan Smith
AU  - Robert Williams
AU  - Jacob Jencson
AU  - Daniel Perley
AU  - Devin Dykhoff
AU  - Robert Gehrz
AU  - Joel Johansson
AU  - Schuyler D. Van Dyk
AU  - Frank Masci
AU  - Ann Marie Cody
AU  - Thomas Prince
T1  - A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF MID-INFRARED EMISSION FROM CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE WITH SPIRITS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2016/12/20/
VL  - 833
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a systematic study of mid-infrared emission from 141 nearby supernovae (SNe) observed with Spitzer/IRAC as part of the ongoing SPIRITS survey. We detect 8 Type Ia and 36 core-collapse SNe. All Type Ia/Ibc SNe become undetectable within three years of explosion, whereas 22 ± 11% of Type II SNe continue to be detected. Five Type II SNe are detected even two decades after discovery (SN 1974E, 1979C, 1980K, 1986J, and 1993J). Warm dust luminosity, temperature, and a lower limit on mass are obtained by fitting the two IRAC bands, assuming an optically thin dust shell. We derive warm dust masses between 10−6 and 10−2M⊙ and dust color temperatures between 200 and 1280 K. This observed warm dust could be pre-existing or newly created, but in either case represents a lower limit to the dust mass because cooler dust may be present. We present three case studies of extreme SNe. SN 2011ja (II-P) was over-luminous ([4.5] = −15.6 mag) at 900 days post explosion with increasing hot dust mass, suggesting either an episode of dust formation or intensifying circumstellar material (CSM) interactions heating up pre-existing dust. SN 2014bi (II-P) showed a factor of 10 decrease in dust mass over one month, suggesting either dust destruction or reduced dust heating. The IR luminosity of SN 2014C (Ib) stayed constant over 800 days, possibly due to strong CSM interaction with an H-rich shell, which is rare among stripped-envelope SNe. The observations suggest that this CSM shell originated from an LBV-like eruption roughly 100 years pre-explosion. The observed diversity demonstrates the power of mid-IR observations of a large sample of SNe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVAE
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - GALAXIES
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC giant branch stars
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120327822; Samaporn Tinyanont 1; Email Address: st@astro.caltech.edu Mansi M. Kasliwal 1 Ori D. Fox 2 Ryan Lau 1,3 Nathan Smith 4 Robert Williams 2 Jacob Jencson 1 Daniel Perley 5 Devin Dykhoff 6 Robert Gehrz 6 Joel Johansson 7 Schuyler D. Van Dyk 8 Frank Masci 8 Ann Marie Cody 9 Thomas Prince 1; Affiliation:  1: Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  4: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 København Ø, Denmark  6: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, S. E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  7: Benoziyo Center for Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel  8: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, M/S 100-22, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 12/20/2016, Vol. 833 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: GALAXIES; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC giant branch stars; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/231
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gorti, U.
AU  - Liseau, R.
AU  - Sándor, Z.
AU  - Clarke, C.
T1  - Disk Dispersal: Theoretical Understanding and Observational Constraints.
JO  - Space Science Reviews
JF  - Space Science Reviews
Y1  - 2016/12/25/
VL  - 205
IS  - 1-4
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 152
SN  - 00386308
AB  - Protoplanetary disks dissipate rapidly after the central star forms, on time-scales comparable to those inferred for planet formation. In order to allow the formation of planets, disks must survive the dispersive effects of UV and X-ray photoevaporation for at least a few Myr. Viscous accretion depletes significant amounts of the mass in gas and solids, while photoevaporative flows driven by internal and external irradiation remove most of the gas. A reasonably large fraction of the mass in solids and some gas get incorporated into planets. Here, we review our current understanding of disk evolution and dispersal, and discuss how these might affect planet formation. We also discuss existing observational constraints on dispersal mechanisms and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Space Science Reviews is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - ORIGIN of planets
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - STELLAR evolution
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET radiation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - Accretion
KW  - Planet formation
KW  - Protoplanetary disks
KW  - Winds
N1  - Accession Number: 120412183; Gorti, U. 1; Email Address: uma.gorti-1@nasa.gov Liseau, R. 2 Sándor, Z. 3 Clarke, C. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center/SETI Institute , Mountain View USA  2: Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Onsala Space Observatory , Chalmers University of Technology , 439 92 Onsala Sweden  3: Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 67 1525 Budapest Hungary  4: Institute of Astronomy , University of Cambridge , Madingley Road Cambridge CB3 0HA United Kingdom; Source Info: Dec2016, Vol. 205 Issue 1-4, p125; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: ORIGIN of planets; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: STELLAR evolution; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET radiation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planet formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protoplanetary disks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Winds; Number of Pages: 28p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s11214-015-0228-x
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Klocko, Andrew D.
AU  - Ormsby, Tereza
AU  - Galazka, Jonathan M.
AU  - Leggett, Neena A.
AU  - Uesaka, Miki
AU  - Honda, Shinji
AU  - Freitag, Michael
AU  - Selker, Eric U.
AU  - Corces, Victor
AU  - Grewal, Shiv I. S.
T1  - Normal chromosome conformation depends on subtelomeric facultative heterochromatin in Neurospora crassa.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2016/12/27/
VL  - 113
IS  - 52
M3  - Article
SP  - 15048
EP  - 15053
SN  - 00278424
AB  - High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) analyses revealed that the 3D structure of the Neurospora crassa genome is dominated by intra- and interchromosomal links between regions of heterochromatin, especially constitutive heterochromatin. Elimination of trimethylation of lysine 9 on histone H3 (H3K9me3) or its binding partner Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1)--both prominent features of constitutive heterochromatin--have little effect on the Hi-C pattern. It remained possible that di- or trimethylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27me2/3), which becomes localized in regions of constitutive heterochromatin when H3K9me3 or HP1 are lost, plays a critical role in the 3D structure of the genome. We found that H3K27me2/3, catalyzed by the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) member SET-7 (SET domain protein-7), does indeed play a prominent role in the Hi-C pattern of WT, but that its presence in regions normally occupied by H3K9me3 is not responsible for maintenance of the genome architecture when H3K9me3 is lost. The Hi-C pattern of a mutant defective in the PRC2 member N. crassa p55 (NPF), which is predominantly required for subtelomeric H3K27me2/3, was equivalent to that of the set-7 deletion strain, suggesting that subtelomeric facultative heterochromatin is paramount for normal chromosome conformation. Both PRC2 mutants showed decreased heterochromatin-heterochromatin contacts and increased euchromatin-heterochromatin contacts. Cytological observations suggested elimination of H3K27me2/3 leads to partial displacement of telomere clusters from the nuclear periphery. Transcriptional profiling of Δdim-5, Δset-7, Δset-7; Δdim-5, and Δnpf strains detailed anticipated changes in gene expression but did not support the idea that global changes in genome architecture, per se, led to altered transcription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NEUROSPORA crassa
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - CHROMOSOME structure
KW  - TELOMERES
KW  - HETEROCHROMATIN
KW  - GENETIC transcription in fungi
KW  - facultative heterochromatin
KW  - H3K27me2/3
KW  - Hi-C
KW  - Neurospora crassa
KW  - PRC2
N1  - Accession Number: 120497173; Klocko, Andrew D. 1 Ormsby, Tereza 1 Galazka, Jonathan M. 2,3 Leggett, Neena A. 1 Uesaka, Miki 4 Honda, Shinji 4 Freitag, Michael 2 Selker, Eric U. 1; Email Address: selker@uoregon.edu Corces, Victor 5 Grewal, Shiv I. S. 6; Affiliation:  1: Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403  2: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331  3: Space Biosciences Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035  4: Division of Chromosome Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan  5: Emory University  6: National Institutes of Health; Source Info: 12/27/2016, Vol. 113 Issue 52, p15048; Subject Term: NEUROSPORA crassa; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: CHROMOSOME structure; Subject Term: TELOMERES; Subject Term: HETEROCHROMATIN; Subject Term: GENETIC transcription in fungi; Author-Supplied Keyword: facultative heterochromatin; Author-Supplied Keyword: H3K27me2/3; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hi-C; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neurospora crassa; Author-Supplied Keyword: PRC2; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1615546113
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120497173&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alexiadis, Alessio
AU  - Alberini, Federico
AU  - Meyer, Marit E.
T1  - Geopolymers from lunar and Martian soil simulants.
JO  - Advances in Space Research
JF  - Advances in Space Research
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 59
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 490
EP  - 495
SN  - 02731177
AB  - This work discusses the geopolymerization of lunar dust simulant JSC LUNAR-1A and Martian dust simulant JSC MARS-1A. The geopolymerization of JSC LUNAR-1A occurs easily and produces a hard, rock-like, material. The geopolymerization of JSC MARS-1A requires milling to reduce the particle size. Tests were carried out to measure, for both JSC LUNAR-1A and JSC MARS-1A geopolymers, the maximum compressive and flexural strengths. In the case of the lunar simulant, these are higher than those of conventional cements. In the case of the Martian simulant, they are close to those of common building bricks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Advances in Space Research is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - POLYMERS
KW  - PARTICLE size determination
KW  - COMPRESSIVE strength
KW  - Geopolymer
KW  - JSC LUNAR-1A
KW  - JSC MARS-1A
KW  - Mars
KW  - Moon
N1  - Accession Number: 120277887; Alexiadis, Alessio 1; Email Address: a.alexiadis@bham.ac.uk Alberini, Federico 1 Meyer, Marit E. 2; Affiliation:  1: School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 59 Issue 1, p490; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: POLYMERS; Subject Term: PARTICLE size determination; Subject Term: COMPRESSIVE strength; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geopolymer; Author-Supplied Keyword: JSC LUNAR-1A; Author-Supplied Keyword: JSC MARS-1A; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.asr.2016.10.003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120277887&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gupta, K. K.
AU  - Choi, S. B.
AU  - Lung, S. F.
AU  - Ibrahim, A.
T1  - Aerothermoelastic-Acoustics Simulation of Flight Vehicles.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 49
EP  - 56
SN  - 00011452
AB  - This paper describes a novel computational-fluid-dynamics-based numerical solution procedure for effective simulation of aerothermoacoustics problems with application to aerospace vehicles. A finite element idealization is employed for both fluid and structure domains, which fully accounts for thermal effects. The accuracies of both the fluid and structure capabilities are verified with flight- and ground-test data. A time integration of the structural equations of motion, with the governing flow equations, is conducted for the computation of the unsteady aerodynamic forces, which uses a transpiration boundary condition at the surface nodal points in lieu of the updating of the fluid mesh. Two example problems are presented herein to that effect. The first one relates to a cantilever wing with a NACA 0012 airfoil. The solution results demonstrate the effect of temperature loading that causes a significant increase in acoustic response. A second example, the hypersonic X-43 vehicle, is also analyzed; and relevant results are presented. The common finite element-based aerothermoelastic-acoustics simulation process, its applicability to the efficient and routine solution of complex practical problems, the employment of the effective transpiration boundary condition in the computational fluid dynamics solution, and the development and public domain distribution of an associated code are unique features of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120623779; Gupta, K. K. 1 Choi, S. B. 2 Lung, S. F. 3 Ibrahim, A. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, Edwards, California 93523  2: California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032  3: Jacobs Technology, Inc., Edwards, California 93523  4: Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p49; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J055088
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120623779&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schaefer, John
AU  - Hosder, Serhat
AU  - West, Thomas
AU  - Rumsey, Christopher
AU  - Carlson, Jan-Renee
AU  - Kleb, William
T1  - Uncertainty Quantification of Turbulence Model Closure Coefficients for Transonic Wall-Bounded Flows.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 195
EP  - 213
SN  - 00011452
AB  - The goal of this work is to quantify the uncertainty and sensitivity of commonly used turbulence models in Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes codes due to uncertainty in the values of closure coefficients for transonic wall-bounded flows and to rank the contribution of each coefficient to uncertainty in various output flow quantities of interest. Specifically, uncertainty quantification of turbulence model closure coefficients is performed for transonic flow over an axisymmetric bump and the RAE 2822 transonic airfoil. Three turbulence models are considered: the Spalart-Allmaras model, Wilcox (2006) k-ω model, and Menter shear-stress transport model. The FUN3D code developed by NASA Langley Research Center is used as the flow solver. The uncertainty quantification analysis employs stochastic expansions based on non-intrusive polynomial chaos for efficient uncertainty propagation. Several integrated and point quantities are considered as uncertain outputs for both computational fluid dynamics problems. Closure coefficients are treated as epistemic uncertain variables represented with intervals. Sobol indices are used to rank the relative contributions of each closure coefficient to the total uncertainty in the output quantities of interest. This study identifies a number of closure coefficients for each turbulence model for which more information will reduce the amount of uncertainty in the output significantly for transonic wall-bounded flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120623792; Schaefer, John 1 Hosder, Serhat 1 West, Thomas 2 Rumsey, Christopher 2 Carlson, Jan-Renee 2 Kleb, William 2; Affiliation:  1: Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p195; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J054902
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120623792&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beran, Philip
AU  - Stanford, Bret
AU  - Schrock, Christopher
T1  - Uncertainty Quantification in Aeroelasticity.
JO  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
JF  - Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 49
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 361
EP  - 386
SN  - 00664189
AB  - Physical interactions between a fluid and structure, potentially manifested as self-sustained or divergent oscillations, can be sensitive to many parameters whose values are uncertain. Of interest here are aircraft aeroelastic interactions, which must be accounted for in aircraft certification and design. Deterministic prediction of these aeroelastic behaviors can be difficult owing to physical and computational complexity. New challenges are introduced when physical parameters and elements of the modeling process are uncertain. By viewing aeroelasticity through a nondeterministic prism, where key quantities are assumed stochastic, one may gain insights into how to reduce system uncertainty, increase system robustness, and maintain aeroelastic safety. This article reviews uncertainty quantification in aeroelasticity using traditional analytical techniques not reliant on computational fluid dynamics; compares and contrasts this work with emerging methods based on computational fluid dynamics, which target richer physics; and reviews the state of the art in aeroelastic optimization under uncertainty. Barriers to continued progress, for example, the so-called curse of dimensionality, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is the property of Annual Reviews Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - aeroelasticity
KW  - design under uncertainty
KW  - flutter
KW  - limit-cycle oscillation
KW  - polynomial chaos
KW  - reliability
KW  - uncertainty quantification
N1  - Accession Number: 120571332; Beran, Philip 1 Stanford, Bret 2 Schrock, Christopher 3; Affiliation:  1: Multidisciplinary Science and Technology Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433; email:  2: Aeroelasticity Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681; email:  3: Computational Sciences Center, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433; email:; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 49 Issue 1, p361; Author-Supplied Keyword: aeroelasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: design under uncertainty; Author-Supplied Keyword: flutter; Author-Supplied Keyword: limit-cycle oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: polynomial chaos; Author-Supplied Keyword: reliability; Author-Supplied Keyword: uncertainty quantification; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1146/annurev-fluid-122414-034441
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120571332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Christian Clanton
AU  - B. Scott Gaudi
T1  - CONSTRAINING THE FREQUENCY OF FREE-FLOATING PLANETS FROM A SYNTHESIS OF MICROLENSING, RADIAL VELOCITY, AND DIRECT IMAGING SURVEY RESULTS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/01//1/1/2017
VL  - 834
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - A microlensing survey by Sumi et al. exhibits an overabundance of short-timescale events (STEs; tE < 2 days) relative to what is expected from known stellar populations and a smooth power-law extrapolation down to the brown dwarf regime. This excess has been interpreted as a population of approximately Jupiter-mass objects that outnumber main-sequence stars nearly twofold; however the microlensing data alone cannot distinguish between events due to wide-separation (a ≳ 10 au) and free-floating planets. Assuming these STEs are indeed due to planetary-mass objects, we aim to constrain the fraction of these events that can be explained by bound but wide-separation planets. We fit the observed timescale distribution with a lens mass function comprised of brown dwarfs, main-sequence stars, and stellar remnants, finding and thus corroborating the initial identification of an excess of STEs. We then include a population of bound planets that are expected not to show signatures of the primary lens (host) in their microlensing light curves and that are also consistent with results from representative microlensing, radial velocity, and direct imaging surveys. We find that bound planets alone cannot explain the entire STE excess without violating the constraints from the surveys we consider and thus some fraction of these events must be due to free-floating planets, if our model for bound planets holds. We estimate a median fraction of STEs due to free-floating planets to be f = 0.67 (0.23 ≤ f ≤ 0.85 at 95% confidence) when assuming “hot-start” planet evolutionary models and f = 0.58 (0.14 ≤ f ≤ 0.83 at 95% confidence) for “cold-start” models. Assuming a delta-function distribution of free-floating planets of mass yields a number of free-floating planets per main-sequence star of N = 1.4 (0.48 ≤ N ≤ 1.8 at 95% confidence) in the “hot-start” case and N = 1.2 (0.29 ≤ N ≤ 1.8 at 95% confidence) in the “cold-start” case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL lenses
KW  - PLANETARY research
KW  - PLANETS -- Photographic measurements
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS -- Research
N1  - Accession Number: 120551280; Christian Clanton 1,2,3 B. Scott Gaudi 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science & Astrobiology Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, The Ohio State University, 140 W. 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA  3: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.; Source Info: 1/1/2017, Vol. 834 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL lenses; Subject Term: PLANETARY research; Subject Term: PLANETS -- Photographic measurements; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS -- Research; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/46
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120551280&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Elliott P. Horch
AU  - Steve B. Howell
T1  - ERRATUM: “UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTS OF STELLAR MULTIPLICITY ON THE DERIVED PLANET RADII FROM TRANSIT SURVEYS: IMPLICATIONS FOR KEPLER, K2, AND TESS” (2015, ApJ, 805, 16).
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/01//1/1/2017
VL  - 834
IS  - 1
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - There was an error in the published version of Equation (6); the equation should read as The calculations and results presented in the paper utilized the correct form of the equation and are unaffected by the error in the equation. The authors sincerely regret the error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - KEPLER (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120551326; David R. Ciardi 1 Charles A. Beichman 1 Elliott P. Horch 2 Steve B. Howell 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute/Caltech Pasadena, CA USA  2: Department of Physics, Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, CT, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, USA; Source Info: 1/1/2017, Vol. 834 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Company/Entity: KEPLER (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/96
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120551326&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. Rho
AU  - J. W. Hewitt
AU  - J. Bieging
AU  - W. T. Reach
AU  - M. Andersen
AU  - R. Güsten
T1  - DISCOVERY OF BROAD MOLECULAR LINES AND OF SHOCKED MOLECULAR HYDROGEN FROM THE SUPERNOVA REMNANT G357.7+0.3: HHSMT, APEX, SPITZER, AND SOFIA OBSERVATIONS.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/01//1/1/2017
VL  - 834
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We report a discovery of shocked gas from the supernova remnant (SNR) G357.7+0.3. Our millimeter and submillimeter observations reveal broad molecular lines of CO(2-1), CO(3-2), CO(4-3), 13CO (2-1), and 13CO (3-2), HCO+, and HCN using the Heinrich Hertz Submillimeter Telescope, the Arizona 12 m Telescope, APEX, and the MOPRA Telescope. The widths of the broad lines are 15–30 km s−1, and the detection of such broad lines is unambiguous, dynamic evidence showing that the SNR G357.7+0.3 is interacting with molecular clouds. The broad lines appear in extended regions (>4.′5 × 5′). We also present the detection of shocked H2 emission in the mid-infrared but lacking ionic lines using Spitzer/IRS observations to map a few-arcminute area. The H2 excitation diagram shows a best fit with a two-temperature local thermal equilibrium model with the temperatures of ∼200 and 660 K. We observed [C ii] at 158 μm and high-J CO(11-10) with the German Receiver for Astronomy at Terahertz Frequencies (GREAT) on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. The GREAT spectrum of [C ii], a 3σ detection, shows a broad line profile with a width of 15.7 km−1 that is similar to those of broad CO molecular lines. The line width of [C ii] implies that ionic lines can come from a low-velocity C-shock. Comparison of H2 emission with shock models shows that a combination of two C-shock models is favored over a combination of C- and J-shocks or a single shock. We estimate the CO density, column density, and temperature using a RADEX model. The best-fit model with n(H2) = 1.7 × 104 cm−3, N(CO) = 5.6 × 1016 cm−2, and T = 75 K can reproduce the observed millimeter CO brightnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SUPERNOVA remnants
KW  - RADIO lines
KW  - SUPERNOVAE -- Spectra
KW  - HYDROGEN -- Spectra
KW  - HYDROGEN molecular ion clusters
N1  - Accession Number: 120551356; J. Rho 1,2 J. W. Hewitt 3,4 J. Bieging 5 W. T. Reach 6 M. Andersen 7 R. Güsten 8; Affiliation:  1: SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Ave., Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  2: SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS211-1, Moffett Field, CA 94043, USA  3: CRESST/University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250 and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: University of North Florida, Dept. of Physics, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA  5: Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85721, USA  6: Universities Space Research Association, SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 232, Moffett Field, CA 94034, USA  7: Gemini Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile  8: Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hugel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany; Source Info: 1/1/2017, Vol. 834 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SUPERNOVA remnants; Subject Term: RADIO lines; Subject Term: SUPERNOVAE -- Spectra; Subject Term: HYDROGEN -- Spectra; Subject Term: HYDROGEN molecular ion clusters; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/12
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120551356&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - P. Temi
AU  - A. Amblard
AU  - M. Gaspari
AU  - F. Brighenti
T1  - SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION MAPPING OF TWO ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES ON SUB-kpc SCALES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/01//1/1/2017
VL  - 834
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We use high-resolution Herschel-PACS data of two nearby elliptical galaxies, IC 1459 and NGC 2768, to characterize their dust and stellar content. IC 1459 and NGC 2768 have an unusually large amount of dust for elliptical galaxies ((1–3) × 105 ); this dust is also not distributed along the stellar content. Using data from GALEX (ultra-violet) to PACS (far-infrared, FIR), we analyze the spectral energy distribution (SED) of these galaxies with CIGALEMC as a function of the projected position, binning images in 7.″2 pixels. From this analysis, we derive maps of SED parameters, such as the metallicity, the stellar mass, the fraction of young stars, and the dust mass. The larger amount of dust in FIR maps seems related in our model to a larger fraction of young stars which can reach up to 4% in the dustier area. The young stellar population is fitted as a recent (∼0.5 Gyr) short burst of star formation for both galaxies. The metallicities, which are fairly large at the center of both galaxies, decrease with the radial distance with a fairly steep gradient for elliptical galaxies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELLIPTICAL galaxies
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - COSMIC dust
N1  - Accession Number: 120551325; P. Temi 1 A. Amblard 1,2 M. Gaspari 3,4 F. Brighenti 5; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: BAER Institute, Sonoma, CA, USA  3: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  4: Einstein and Spitzer Fellow.  5: Astronomy Department, University of Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127, Bologna, Italy; Source Info: 1/1/2017, Vol. 834 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ELLIPTICAL galaxies; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: COSMIC dust; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/834/1/20
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120551325&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Scarino, Benjamin R.
AU  - Minnis, Patrick
AU  - Chee, Thad
AU  - Bedka, Kristopher M.
AU  - Yost, Christopher R.
AU  - Palikonda, Rabindra
T1  - Global clear-sky surface skin temperature from multiple satellites using a single-channel algorithm with angular anisotropy corrections.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 351
EP  - 371
SN  - 18671381
AB  - Surface skin temperature (Ts) is an important parameter for characterizing the energy exchange at the ground/water-atmosphere interface. The Satellite ClOud and Radiation Property retrieval System (SatCORPS) employs a single-channel thermal-infrared (TIR) method to retrieve Ts over clear-sky land and ocean surfaces from data taken by geostationary Earth orbit (GEO) and low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite imagers. GEO satellites can provide somewhat continuous estimates of Ts over the diurnal cycle in non-polar regions, while polar Ts retrievals from LEO imagers, such as the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), can complement the GEO measurements. The combined global coverage of remotely sensed Ts, along with accompanying cloud and surface radiation parameters, produced in near-realtime and from historical satellite data, should be beneficial for both weather and climate applications. For example, near-realtime hourly Ts observations can be assimilated in high-temporal-resolution numerical weather prediction models and historical observations can be used for validation or assimilation of climate models. Key drawbacks to the utility of TIR-derived Ts data include the limitation to clear-sky conditions, the reliance on a particular set of analyses/ reanalyses necessary for atmospheric corrections, and the dependence on viewing and illumination angles. Therefore, Ts validation with established references is essential, as is proper evaluation of Ts sensitivity to atmospheric correction source. This article presents improvements on the NASA Langley GEO satellite and AVHRR TIR-based Ts product that is derived using a single-channel technique. The resulting clearsky skin temperature values are validated with surface references and independent satellite products. Furthermore, an empirically adjusted theoretical model of satellite land surface temperature (LST) angular anisotropy is tested to improve satellite LST retrievals. Application of the anisotropic correction yields reduced mean bias and improved precision of GOES-13 LST relative to independent Moderateresolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MYD11_L2) LST and Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program ground station measurements. It also significantly reduces intersatellite differences between LSTs retrieved simultaneously from two different imagers. The implementation of these universal corrections into the SatCORPS product can yield significant improvement in near-global-scale, near-realtime, satellite-based LST measurements. The immediate availability and broad coverage of these skin temperature observations should prove valuable to modelers and climate researchers looking for improved forecasts and better understanding of the global climate model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - SKY
KW  - ALGEBRA
KW  - SKIN temperature
KW  - ASTRONOMY
N1  - Accession Number: 121093657; Scarino, Benjamin R. 1; Email Address: benjamin.r.scarino@nasa.gov Minnis, Patrick 2 Chee, Thad 1 Bedka, Kristopher M. 2 Yost, Christopher R. 1 Palikonda, Rabindra 1; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., 1 Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd MS 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 10 Issue 1, p351; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Subject Term: SKY; Subject Term: ALGEBRA; Subject Term: SKIN temperature; Subject Term: ASTRONOMY; Number of Pages: 21p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-10-351-2017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121093657&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lambe, Andrew
AU  - Massoli, Paola
AU  - Xuan Zhang
AU  - Canagaratna, Manjula
AU  - Nowak, John
AU  - Chao Yan
AU  - Wei Nie
AU  - Onasch, Timothy
AU  - Jayne, John
AU  - Kolb, Charles
AU  - Davidovits, Paul
AU  - Worsnop, Douglas
AU  - Brune, William
T1  - Controlled nitric oxide production via O(1D)+N2O reactions for use in oxidation flow reactor studies.
JO  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
JF  - Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
Y1  - 2017/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 20
SN  - 18678610
AB  - Oxidation ﬂow reactors that use low-pressure mercury lamps to produce hydroxyl (OH) radicals are an emerging technique for studying the oxidative aging of organic aerosols. Here, ozone (O3) is photolyzed at 254 nm to produce O(1D) radicals, which react with water vapor to produce OH. However, the need to use parts-per-million levels of O3 hinders the ability of oxidation ﬂow reactors to simulate NOx-dependent SOA formation pathways. Simple addition of nitric oxide (NO) results in fast conversion of NOx (NO + NO2) to nitric acid (HNO3), making it impossible to sustain NO at levels that are sufﬁcient to compete with hydroperoxy (HO2) radicals as a sink for organic peroxy (RO2) radicals. We developed a new method that is well suited to the characterization of NOx-dependent SOA formation pathways in oxidation ﬂow reactors. NO and NO2 are produced via the reaction O(1D) + N2O→ 2NO, followed by the reaction NO + O3 → NO2+ O2. Laboratory measurements coupled with photochemical model simulations suggest that O(1D) + N2O reactions can be used to systematically vary the relative branching ratio of RO2 + NO reactions relative to RO2 + HO2 and/or RO2 + RO2 reactions over a range of conditions relevant to atmospheric SOA formation. We demonstrate proof of concept using high-resolution time-of-ﬂight chemical ionization mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-CIMS) measurements with nitrate (NO3-) reagent ion to detect gas-phase oxidation products of isoprene and α-pinene previously observed in NOx-inﬂuenced environments and in laboratory chamber experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NITRIC oxide
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry
N1  - Accession Number: 121100800; Lambe, Andrew 1,2; Email Address: lambe@aerodyne.com Massoli, Paola 1; Email Address: pmassoli@aerodyne.com Xuan Zhang 1; Email Address: xzhang@aerodyne.com Canagaratna, Manjula 1; Email Address: mrcana@aerodyne.com Nowak, John 1,3; Email Address: john.b.nowak@nasa.gov Chao Yan 4; Email Address: chao.yan@helsinki.fi Wei Nie 4,5; Email Address: niewei@nju.edu.cn Onasch, Timothy 1,2; Email Address: onasch@aerodyne.com Jayne, John 1; Email Address: jayne@aerodyne.com Kolb, Charles 1; Email Address: kolb@aerodyne.com Davidovits, Paul 1,4; Email Address: davidovi@bc.edu Worsnop, Douglas 1; Email Address: worsnop@aerodyne.com Brune, William 6; Email Address: whb2@psu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts, United States  2: Chemistry Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, United States  3: Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virgina, United State  4: Physics Department, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland  5: Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China  6: Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States; Source Info: 2017, p1; Subject Term: NITRIC oxide; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Subject Term: CHEMICAL ionization mass spectrometry; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/amt-2016-394
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - JENSEN, ERIC J.
AU  - PFISTER, LEONHARD
AU  - JORDAN, DAVID E.
AU  - BUI, THAOPAUL V.
AU  - UEYAMA, REI
AU  - SINGH, HANWANT B.
AU  - THORNBERRY, TROY D.
AU  - ROLLINS, ANDREW W.
AU  - RU-SHAN GAO
AU  - FAHEY, DAVID W.
AU  - ROSENLOF, KAREN H.
AU  - ELKINS, JAMES W.
AU  - DISKIN, GLENN S.
AU  - DIGANGI, JOSHUA P.
AU  - LAWSON, R. PAUL
AU  - WOODS, SARAH
AU  - ATLAS, ELLIOT L.
AU  - NAVARRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA A.
AU  - WOFSY, STEVEN C.
AU  - PITTMAN, JASNA
T1  - THE NASA AIRBORNE TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE EXPERIMENT.
JO  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
JF  - Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 98
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 129
EP  - 143
PB  - American Meteorological Society
SN  - 00030007
AB  - The February--March 2014 deployment of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment (ATTREX) provided unique in situ measurements in the western Pacific tropical tropopause layer (TTL). Six flights were conducted from Guam with the long-range, high-altitude, unmanned Global Hawk aircraft. The ATTREX Global Hawk pay-load provided measurements of water vapor, meteorological conditions, cloud properties, tracer and chemical radical concentrations, and radiative fluxes. The campaign was partially coincident with the Convective Transport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Coordinated Airborne Studies in the Tropics (CAST) airborne campaigns based in Guam using lower-altitude aircraft (see companion articles in this issue). The ATTREX dataset is being used for investigations of TTL cloud, transport, dynamical, and chemical processes, as well as for evaluation and improvement of global-model representations of TTL processes. The ATTREX data are publicly available online (at https://espoarchive.nasa.gov/). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society is the property of American Meteorological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOPAUSE
KW  - MIDDLE atmosphere
KW  - ALTITUDES
KW  - GEOSPATIAL data
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 120758422; JENSEN, ERIC J. 1; Email Address: eric.j.jensen@nasa.gov PFISTER, LEONHARD 1 JORDAN, DAVID E. 1 BUI, THAOPAUL V. 1 UEYAMA, REI 1 SINGH, HANWANT B. 1 THORNBERRY, TROY D. 2 ROLLINS, ANDREW W. 3 RU-SHAN GAO 4 FAHEY, DAVID W. 4 ROSENLOF, KAREN H. 4 ELKINS, JAMES W. 4 DISKIN, GLENN S. 5 DIGANGI, JOSHUA P. 5 LAWSON, R. PAUL 6 WOODS, SARAH 6 ATLAS, ELLIOT L. 7 NAVARRO RODRIGUEZ, MARIA A. 7 WOFSY, STEVEN C. 8 PITTMAN, JASNA 8; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California  2: NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  3: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, Boulder, Colorado  4: NOAA/ Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado  5: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia  6: SPEC Inc., Boulder, Colorado  7: University of Miami, Miami, Florida  8: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 98 Issue 1, p129; Subject Term: TROPOPAUSE; Subject Term: MIDDLE atmosphere; Subject Term: ALTITUDES; Subject Term: GEOSPATIAL data; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00263.1
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hill, Michael
AU  - Haering, Edward
T1  - Ground-to-air flow visualization using Solar Calcium-K line Background-Oriented Schlieren.
JO  - Experiments in Fluids
JF  - Experiments in Fluids
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 07234864
AB  - The Calcium-K Eclipse Background-Oriented Schlieren experiment was performed as a proof of concept test to evaluate the effectiveness of using the solar disk as a background to perform the Background-Oriented Schlieren (BOS) method of flow visualization. A ground-based imaging system was equipped with a Calcium-K line optical etalon filter to enable the use of the chromosphere of the sun as the irregular background to be used for BOS. A US Air Force T-38 aircraft performed three supersonic runs which eclipsed the sun as viewed from the imaging system. The images were successfully post-processed using optical flow methods to qualitatively reveal the density gradients in the flow around the aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Experiments in Fluids is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 120229801; Hill, Michael 1; Email Address: Michael.a.hill-1@nasa.gov Haering, Edward 2; Email Address: Edward.a.haering@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center , Edwards 93523 USA  2: NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center , P.O. Box 273 MS4800 Edwards 93523 USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 58 Issue 1, p1; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s00348-016-2285-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Min Huang
AU  - Carmichael, Gregory R.
AU  - Crawford, James H.
AU  - Wisthaler, Armin
AU  - Xiwu Zhan
AU  - Hain, Christopher R.
AU  - Pius Lee
AU  - Guenther, Alex B.
T1  - Linkages between land initialization of the NASA-Unified WRF v7 and biogenic isoprene emission estimates during the SEAC4RS and DISCOVER-AQ airborne campaigns.
JO  - Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
JF  - Geoscientific Model Development Discussions
Y1  - 2017/01//
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 32
SN  - 19919611
AB  - Land and atmospheric initial conditions of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model are often interpolated from a different model output. We perform case studies during NASA's SEAC4RS and DISCOVER-AQ Houston airborne campaigns, demonstrating that initializing the Noah land surface model directly using a coarser resolution dataset North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) led to significant positive biases in the coupled NASA-Unified WRF (NUWRF, version 7)'s (near-) surface air temperature and planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) around the Missouri Ozarks and Houston, Texas, as well as poorly partitioned latent and sensible heat fluxes. Replacing the land initial conditions with the output from a long-term offline Land Information System (LIS) simulation can effectively reduce the positive biases in NUWRF's surface air temperature fields by ~ 2 °C. We also show that the LIS land initialization can modify the surface air temperature errors almost ten times as effectively as applying a different atmospheric initialization method. The LIS-NUWRF based isoprene emission calculations by the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN, version 2.1) are at least 20 % lower than those computed using the NARR-initialized NUWRF run, and are closer to the aircraft observation-derived emissions. Higher resolution MEGAN calculations are prone to amplified errors on small scales, possibly resulted from some limitations of MEGAN's parameterization and its inputs' uncertainty. This study emphasizes the importance of proper land initialization to the coupled atmospheric weather modeling and the follow-on emission modeling, which we anticipate to be also critical to accurately representing other processes included in air quality modeling and chemical data assimilation. Having more confidence in the weather inputs is also beneficial for determining and quantifying the other sources of uncertainties (e.g., parameterization, other input data) of the models that they drive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Geoscientific Model Development Discussions is the property of Copernicus Gesellschaft mbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology)
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - ISOPRENE
KW  - HEAT flux
N1  - Accession Number: 121272792; Min Huang 1,2; Email Address: mhuang10@gmu.edu Carmichael, Gregory R. 3; Email Address: gregory-carmichael@uiowa.edu Crawford, James H. 4; Email Address: james.h.crawford@nasa.gov Wisthaler, Armin 5,6; Email Address: armin.wisthaler@uibk.ac.at Xiwu Zhan 7; Email Address: xiwu.zhan@noaa.gov Hain, Christopher R. 2,8; Email Address: christopher.hain@nasa.gov Pius Lee 9; Email Address: pius.lee@noaa.gov Guenther, Alex B. 10; Email Address: alex.guenther@uci.edu; Affiliation:  1: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.  2: University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.  3: University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA.  5: University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.  6: University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.  7: NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, College Park, MD, USA.  8: NASA Marsh all Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA.  9: NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, College Park, MD, USA  10: University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.; Source Info: 2017, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols -- Environmental aspects; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Meteorology); Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: ISOPRENE; Subject Term: HEAT flux; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.5194/gmd-2017-13
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Neish, C.D.
AU  - Hamilton, C.W.
AU  - Hughes, S.S.
AU  - Nawotniak, S. Kobs
AU  - Garry, W.B.
AU  - Skok, J.R.
AU  - Elphic, R.C.
AU  - Schaefer, E.
AU  - Carter, L.M.
AU  - Bandfield, J.L.
AU  - Osinski, G.R.
AU  - Lim, D.
AU  - Heldmann, J.L.
T1  - Terrestrial analogues for lunar impact melt flows.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 281
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 89
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Lunar impact melt deposits have unique physical properties. They have among the highest observed radar returns at S-Band (12.6 cm wavelength), implying that they are rough at the decimeter scale. However, they are also observed in high-resolution optical imagery to be quite smooth at the meter scale. These characteristics distinguish them from well-studied terrestrial analogues, such as Hawaiian pāhoehoe and ʻaʻā lava flows. The morphology of impact melt deposits can be related to their emplacement conditions, so understanding the origin of these unique surface properties will help to inform us as to the circumstances under which they were formed. In this work, we seek to find a terrestrial analogue for well-preserved lunar impact melt flows by examining fresh lava flows on Earth. We compare the radar return and high-resolution topographic variations of impact melt flows to terrestrial lava flows with a range of surface textures. The lava flows examined in this work range from smooth Hawaiian pāhoehoe to transitional basaltic flows at Craters of the Moon (COTM) National Monument and Preserve in Idaho to rubbly and spiny pāhoehoe-like flows at the recent eruption at Holuhraun in Iceland. The physical properties of lunar impact melt flows appear to differ from those of all the terrestrial lava flows studied in this work. This may be due to (a) differences in post-emplacement modification processes or (b) fundamental differences in the surface texture of the melt flows due to the melts’ unique emplacement and/or cooling environment. Information about the surface properties of lunar impact melt deposits will be critical for future landed missions that wish to sample these materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - EARTH analogs
KW  - LUNAR craters
KW  - LAVA flows
KW  - SURFACE texture
KW  - TOPOGRAPHY
KW  - Earth
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Moon, surface
KW  - Radar observations
KW  - Volcanism
N1  - Accession Number: 118523172; Neish, C.D. 1,2; Email Address: cneish@uwo.ca Hamilton, C.W. 3 Hughes, S.S. 4 Nawotniak, S. Kobs 4 Garry, W.B. 5 Skok, J.R. 6 Elphic, R.C. 7 Schaefer, E. 3 Carter, L.M. 5 Bandfield, J.L. 8 Osinski, G.R. 1,2 Lim, D. 7,9 Heldmann, J.L. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7  2: Centre for Planetary Science and Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B7  3: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721  4: Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, 83209  5: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, 20771  6: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA, 94043  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, 94035  8: Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO, 80301  9: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Petaluma, CA, 94952; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 281, p73; Subject Term: EARTH analogs; Subject Term: LUNAR craters; Subject Term: LAVA flows; Subject Term: SURFACE texture; Subject Term: TOPOGRAPHY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon, surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Volcanism; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nachon, M.
AU  - Mangold, N.
AU  - Forni, O.
AU  - Kah, L.C.
AU  - Cousin, A.
AU  - Wiens, R.C.
AU  - Anderson, R.
AU  - Blaney, D.
AU  - Blank, J.G.
AU  - Calef, F.
AU  - Clegg, S.M.
AU  - Fabre, C.
AU  - Fisk, M.R.
AU  - Gasnault, O.
AU  - Grotzinger, J.P.
AU  - Kronyak, R.
AU  - Lanza, N.L.
AU  - Lasue, J.
AU  - Deit, L. Le
AU  - Mouélic, S. Le
T1  - Chemistry of diagenetic features analyzed by ChemCam at Pahrump Hills, Gale crater, Mars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 281
M3  - Article
SP  - 121
EP  - 136
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The Curiosity rover's campaign at Pahrump Hills provides the first analyses of lower Mount Sharp strata. Here we report ChemCam elemental composition of a diverse assemblage of post-depositional features embedded in, or cross-cutting, the host rock. ChemCam results demonstrate their compositional diversity, especially compared to the surrounding host rock: (i) Dendritic aggregates and relief enhanced features, characterized by a magnesium enhancement and sulfur detection, and interpreted as Mg-sulfates; (ii) A localized observation that displays iron enrichment associated with sulfur, interpreted as Fe-sulfate; (iii) Dark raised ridges with varying Mg- and Ca-enriched compositions compared to host rock; (iv) Several dark-toned veins with calcium enhancement associated with fluorine detection, interpreted as fluorite veins. (v) Light-toned veins with enhanced calcium associated with sulfur detection, and interpreted as Ca-sulfates. The diversity of the Pahrump Hills diagenetic assemblage suggests a complex post-depositional history for fine-grained sediments for which the origin has been interpreted as fluvial and lacustrine. Assessment of the spatial and relative temporal distribution of these features shows that the Mg-sulfate features are predominant in the lower part of the section, suggesting local modification of the sediments by early diagenetic fluids. In contrast, light-toned Ca-sulfate veins occur in the whole section and cross-cut all other features. A relatively late stage shift in geochemical conditions could explain this observation. The Pahrump Hills diagenetic features have no equivalent compared to targets analyzed in other locations at Gale crater. Only the light-toned Ca-sulfate veins are present elsewhere, along Curiosity's path, suggesting they formed through a common late-stage process that occurred at over a broad area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS (Planet) -- Geology
KW  - ANALYTICAL chemistry
KW  - FLUORINE -- Analysis
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - SURFACE
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Mars surface
KW  - Mineralogy
N1  - Accession Number: 118523181; Nachon, M. 1; Email Address: marion.nach@gmail.com Mangold, N. 1 Forni, O. 2 Kah, L.C. 3 Cousin, A. 2 Wiens, R.C. 4 Anderson, R. 5 Blaney, D. 6 Blank, J.G. 7 Calef, F. 6 Clegg, S.M. 4 Fabre, C. 8 Fisk, M.R. 9 Gasnault, O. 2 Grotzinger, J.P. 10 Kronyak, R. 3 Lanza, N.L. 4 Lasue, J. 2 Deit, L. Le 1 Mouélic, S. Le 1; Affiliation:  1: Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique de Nantes, CNRS, UMR6112, Université de Nantes, 44322 Nantes, France  2: Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie, UPS-OMP, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France  3: University of Tennessee, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Knoxville, TN 3799, USA  4: Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA  5: U.S. Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field CA USA  8: GeoRessources, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France  9: College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA  10: Division of Geologic and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 281, p121; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS (Planet) -- Geology; Subject Term: ANALYTICAL chemistry; Subject Term: FLUORINE -- Analysis; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: SURFACE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mineralogy; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.026
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118523181&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Z.
AU  - Hayes, A.G.
AU  - Janssen, M.A.
AU  - Nicholson, P.D.
AU  - Cuzzi, J.N.
AU  - de Pater, I.
AU  - Dunn, D.E.
AU  - Estrada, P.R.
AU  - Hedman, M.M.
T1  - Cassini microwave observations provide clues to the origin of Saturn's C ring.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 281
M3  - Article
SP  - 297
EP  - 321
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Despite considerable study, Saturn's rings continue to challenge current theories for their provenance. Water ice comprises the bulk of Saturn's rings, yet it is the small fraction of non-icy material that is arguably more valuable in revealing clues about the system's origin and age. Herein, we present new measurements of the non-icy material fraction in Saturn's C ring, determined from microwave radiometry observations acquired by the Cassini spacecraft. Our observations show an exceptionally high brightness at near-zero azimuthal angles, suggesting a high porosity of 70–75% for the C ring particles. Furthermore, our results show that most regions in the C ring contain about 1–2% silicates. These results are consistent with an initially nearly pure-ice ring system that has been continuously contaminated by in-falling micrometeoroids over ∼15–90 million years, using the currently accepted value of the micrometeoroid flux at infinity of ∼4.5 × 10 −17 g cm −2 s −1 , and assuming that the C ring optical depth and surface density has not changed significantly during that time. This absolute time scale is inversely proportional not only to the flux at infinity, but also to the amount of gravitational focusing by Saturn the micrometeoroids experience before encountering the rings. We also find an enhanced abundance of non-icy material concentrated in the middle C ring. When assumed to be mixed volumetrically (“intramixed”) with water ice, this enhanced contamination reaches a maximum concentration of 6–11% silicates by volume around a ring radius of 83,000 km, depending on the volume mixing model used. This is significantly higher than the inner and outer C ring. As opposed to an intramixing model, we also consider a silicate-core, icy-mantle model to address the fact that silicates may be present in chunks instead of fine powder in the ring particles. Such a model naturally helps to account for the observed opacity distribution. We propose several models to explain the radially varied non-icy material contamination. Our preferred model is that the C ring has been continuously polluted by meteoroid bombardment since it first formed, while the middle C ring was further contaminated by an incoming Centaur, a rocky object torn apart by tides and ultimately broken into pieces that currently reside in the middle C ring. If correct, the spatial extent of the enhanced non-icy material fraction suggests that the Centaur was likely to be captured and integrated into the rings perhaps as recently as ∼10–20 million years ago. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system
KW  - SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites
KW  - MICROWAVE radiometry
KW  - METEOROIDS
KW  - Origin, Solar system
KW  - Planetary rings
KW  - Radar observations
KW  - Saturn, rings
KW  - CASSINI (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 118523188; Zhang, Z. 1; Email Address: zz246@cornell.edu Hayes, A.G. 1 Janssen, M.A. 2 Nicholson, P.D. 1 Cuzzi, J.N. 3 de Pater, I. 4 Dunn, D.E. 5 Estrada, P.R. 3,6 Hedman, M.M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Astronomy Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA  3: Space Science Division, Ames Research Center, NASA, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA  5: Astronomy Department, Sierra College, Rocklin, CA 95677, USA  6: SETI Institute, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  7: Physics Department, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, 83844, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 281, p297; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Ring system; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet) -- Satellites; Subject Term: MICROWAVE radiometry; Subject Term: METEOROIDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin, Solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Planetary rings; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn, rings; Company/Entity: CASSINI (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 25p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.07.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Pahlevan, Nima
AU  - Sarkar, Sudipta
AU  - Devadiga, Sadashiva
AU  - Lin, Guoqing
AU  - Wolfe, Robert E.
AU  - Roman, Miguel
AU  - Vermote, Eric
AU  - Xiong, Xiaoxiong
T1  - Impact of Spatial Sampling on Continuity of MODIS–VIIRS Land Surface Reflectance Products: A Simulation Approach.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 55
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 183
EP  - 196
SN  - 01962892
AB  - With the increasing need to construct long-term climate-quality data records to understand, monitor, and predict climate variability and change, it is vital to continue systematic satellite measurements along with the development of new technology for more quantitative and accurate observations. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership mission provides continuity in monitoring the Earth's surface and its atmosphere in a similar fashion as the heritage MODIS instruments onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Terra and Aqua satellites. In this paper, we aim at quantifying the consistency of Aqua MODIS and Suomi-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Reflectance (LSR) and NDVI products as related to their inherent spatial sampling characteristics. To avoid interferences from sources of measurement and/or processing errors other than spatial sampling, including calibration, atmospheric correction, and the effects of the bidirectional reflectance distribution function, the MODIS and VIIRS LSR products were simulated using the Landsat-8's Operational Land Imager (OLI) LSR products. The simulations were performed using the instruments' point spread functions on a daily basis for various OLI scenes over a 16-day orbit cycle. It was found that the daily mean differences due to discrepancies in spatial sampling remain below 0.0015 (1%) in absolute surface reflectance at subgranule scale (i.e., OLI scene size). We also found that the MODIS–VIIRS product intercomparisons appear to be minimally impacted when differences in the corresponding view zenith angles (VZAs) are within the range of -\!\!15^\circ to -35^\circ (\textrmVZAV-\textrmVZAM), where VIIRS and MODIS footprints resemble in size. In general, depending on the spatial heterogeneity of the OLI scene contents, per-grid-cell differences can reach up to 20%. Further spatial analysis of the simulated NDVI and LSR products revealed that, depending on the user accuracy requirements for product intercomparisons, spatial aggregations may be used. It was found that if per-grid-cell differences on the order of 10% (in LSR or NDVI) are tolerated, the product intercomparisons are expected to be immune from differences in spatial sampling. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BIOSPHERE
KW  - CONSISTENCY models (Computers)
KW  - GEOMETRIC modeling
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - LAND surface temperature
KW  - SPATIAL analysis (Geography)
KW  - INFRARED imaging
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Biosphere
KW  - consistency
KW  - Earth
KW  - Extraterrestrial measurements
KW  - geometry
KW  - land surface
KW  - MODIS
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Satellites
KW  - spatial resolution
N1  - Accession Number: 120288918; Pahlevan, Nima 1 Sarkar, Sudipta 1 Devadiga, Sadashiva 1 Lin, Guoqing 1 Wolfe, Robert E. 2 Roman, Miguel 2 Vermote, Eric 2 Xiong, Xiaoxiong 2; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Greenbelt, Lanham, MD, MD, USAUSA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 55 Issue 1, p183; Subject Term: BIOSPHERE; Subject Term: CONSISTENCY models (Computers); Subject Term: GEOMETRIC modeling; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: LAND surface temperature; Subject Term: SPATIAL analysis (Geography); Subject Term: INFRARED imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: consistency; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Extraterrestrial measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: geometry; Author-Supplied Keyword: land surface; Author-Supplied Keyword: MODIS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: spatial resolution; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2604214
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hands, Alex
AU  - Lei, Fan
AU  - Ryden, Keith
AU  - Dyer, Clive
AU  - Underwood, Craig
AU  - Mertens, Chris
T1  - New Data and Modelling for Single Event Effects in the Stratospheric Radiation Environment.
JO  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
JF  - IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 64
IS  - 1, part 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 587
EP  - 595
SN  - 00189499
AB  - The upper atmosphere is a transition region between the neutron-dominated aviation environment and satellite environment where primary protons and ions dominate. We report high altitude balloon measurements and model results characterising this radiation environment for single event effects (SEE) in avionics. Our data, from the RaySure solid-state radiation monitor, reveal markedly different altitude profiles for low linear energy transfer (LET) and high LET energy depositions. We use models to show that the difference is caused by the influence of primary cosmic ray particles, which induce counts in RaySure via both direct and indirect ionization. Using the new Model of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation Effects (MAIRE), we use particle fluxes and LET spectra to calculate single event upset (SEU) rates as a function of altitude from ground level to the edge of space at 100 km altitude. The results have implications for a variety of applications including high altitude space tourism flights, UAVs and missions to the Martian surface. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
AB  - Copyright of IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science is the property of IEEE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Atmospheric measurements
KW  - Atmospheric modeling
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - High altitude radiation environment
KW  - Ions
KW  - Neutrons
KW  - Protons
KW  - single event effects
KW  - stratosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 121745530; Hands, Alex 1 Lei, Fan 2 Ryden, Keith 1 Dyer, Clive 3 Underwood, Craig 1 Mertens, Chris 4; Affiliation:  1: Surrey Space Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K.  2: RadMod Research, Surrey, U.K.  3: Surrey Space Centre and CSDRadConsultancy, Surrey, U.K.  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 64 Issue 1, part 1, p587; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: High altitude radiation environment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neutrons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Protons; Author-Supplied Keyword: single event effects; Author-Supplied Keyword: stratosphere; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1109/TNS.2016.2612000
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121745530&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - WestIV, Thomas K.
AU  - Reuter, Bryan W.
AU  - Walker, Eric L.
AU  - Kleb, Bil
AU  - Park, Michael A.
T1  - Uncertainty Quantification and Certification Prediction of Low-Boom Supersonic Aircraft Configurations.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 53
SN  - 00218669
AB  - The primary objective of this work was to develop and demonstrate a process for accurate and efficient uncertainty quantification and certification prediction of low-boom, supersonic, transport aircraft. High-fidelity computational-fluid-dynamics models of multiple low-boom configurations were investigated, including the Lockheed Martin SEEB-ALR body of revolution, the NASA 69 deg delta wing, and the Lockheed Martin 1021-01 configuration. A nonintrusive polynomial chaos surrogate approach was used for reduced computational cost of propagating mixed inherent (aleatory) and epistemic uncertainty through both the computational-fluid-dynamics model and the near-field to ground-level boom propagation model. A methodology has also been introduced to quantify the plausibility of a design to pass a certification under uncertainty. Results of this study include the analysis of each of the three configurations of interest under inviscid and fully turbulent flow assumptions. A comparison of the uncertainty outputs and sensitivity analyses between the configurations is also given. The results of this study illustrate the flexibility and robustness of the developed framework as a tool for uncertainty quantification and certification prediction of low-boom, supersonic aircraft. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121703090; WestIV, Thomas K. 1,2 Reuter, Bryan W. 3,4 Walker, Eric L. 1,5 Kleb, Bil 1,6 Park, Michael A. 1,7; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Engineer, Vehicle Analysis Branch, Systems Analysis and Concepts Directorate. Member AIAA  3: University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712  4: Graduate Student, Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences  5: Chief Engineer for Test Operations Excellence, Research Directorate. Associate Fellow AIAA  6: Branch Head, Computational Aerosciences Branch, Research Directorate. Senior Member AIAA  7: Aerospace Engineer, Computational Aerosciences Branch, Research Directorate. Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p40; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033907
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121703090&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Castner, Raymond
AU  - Zaman, Khairul
AU  - Fagan, Amy
AU  - Heath, Christopher
T1  - Wedge Shock and Nozzle Exhaust Plume Interaction in a Supersonic Jet Flow.
JO  - Journal of Aircraft
JF  - Journal of Aircraft
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 125
EP  - 134
SN  - 00218669
AB  - Fundamental research for sonic boom reduction is needed to quantify the interaction of shock waves generated from the aircraft wing or tail surfaces with a nozzle exhaust plume. Aftbody shock waves that interact with the exhaust plume contribute to the near-field pressure signature of a vehicle. The plume and shock interaction is studied using computational fluid dynamics and compared with experimental data from a coaxial convergent-divergent nozzle flow in an open jet facility. A simple diamond-shaped wedge is used to generate the shock in the outer flow to study its impact on the inner jet flow. Results show that the compression from the wedge deflects both the nozzle plume and the shocks on the opposite side of the plume. The sonic boom pressure signature of the nozzle exhaust plume is modified by the presence of the wedge. Both the experimental results and computational predictions show changes in plume deflection and location of the shock from the wedge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Aircraft is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121703098; Castner, Raymond 1 Zaman, Khairul 1 Fagan, Amy 2 Heath, Christopher 3; Affiliation:  1: Aerospace Engineer, Inlet and Nozzle Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  2: Aerospace Engineer, Optical Instrumentation Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135  3: Aerospace Engineer, Multidisciplinary Design Analysis Optimization Branch, 21000 Brookpark Road, NASA John H. Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p125; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.C033623
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ho, Jimmy C.
AU  - Yeo, Hyeonsoo
T1  - Assessment of comprehensive analysis predictions of helicopter rotor blade loads in forward flight.
JO  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
JF  - Journal of Fluids & Structures
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 68
M3  - Article
SP  - 194
EP  - 223
SN  - 08899746
AB  - Comparisons of helicopter rotor blade loads, between rotorcraft comprehensive analysis predictions using a free vortex wake model and measured data, are provided for the UH-60A, SA 330 (research Puma), SA 349/2, and H-34 rotors in forward flight. The rotors are modeled as being isolated from the rest of the vehicle. The comparisons encompass a total of 24 test points featuring wide variations in advance ratio for a thorough assessment of the predictions. With the exception of chord bending moment for the case of UH-60A, the analysis correctly predicts trends in half peak-to-peak values of blade structural loads and pitch link force. Most of the predictions in half peak-to-peak blade structural loads and pitch link force deviate from the measured data by no more than 40% and most of the deviations are underpredictions. The predictions typically resemble the measured data in shapes of the waveforms for both flap bending moment and normal force, but this is less often the case for chord bending and torsion moments. While the analysis may capture the 1/rev harmonic contents in pitching moment waveforms, it consistently underpredicts any higher harmonics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Fluids & Structures is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - BLADES (Hydraulic machinery)
KW  - PREDICTION (Logic)
KW  - BENDING (Metalwork)
KW  - Blade airloads
KW  - Blade structural loads
KW  - Pitch link force
KW  - RCAS
KW  - Rotor aeroelasticity
KW  - Rotor aeromechanics
N1  - Accession Number: 120448447; Ho, Jimmy C. 1; Email Address: jimmy.c.ho2.ctr@mail.mil Yeo, Hyeonsoo 2; Affiliation:  1: Science and Technology Corporation, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States  2: U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center, Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM), Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, United States; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 68, p194; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: BLADES (Hydraulic machinery); Subject Term: PREDICTION (Logic); Subject Term: BENDING (Metalwork); Author-Supplied Keyword: Blade airloads; Author-Supplied Keyword: Blade structural loads; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pitch link force; Author-Supplied Keyword: RCAS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotor aeroelasticity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotor aeromechanics; Number of Pages: 30p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2016.09.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zoogman, P.
AU  - Liu, X.
AU  - Suleiman, R.M.
AU  - Pennington, W.F.
AU  - Flittner, D.E.
AU  - Al-Saadi, J.A.
AU  - Hilton, B.B.
AU  - Nicks, D.K.
AU  - Newchurch, M.J.
AU  - Carr, J.L.
AU  - Janz, S.J.
AU  - Andraschko, M.R.
AU  - Arola, A.
AU  - Baker, B.D.
AU  - Canova, B.P.
AU  - Chan Miller, C.
AU  - Cohen, R.C.
AU  - Davis, J.E.
AU  - Dussault, M.E.
AU  - Edwards, D.P.
T1  - Tropospheric emissions: Monitoring of pollution (TEMPO).
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 186
M3  - Article
SP  - 17
EP  - 39
SN  - 00224073
AB  - TEMPO was selected in 2012 by NASA as the first Earth Venture Instrument, for launch between 2018 and 2021. It will measure atmospheric pollution for greater North America from space using ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy. TEMPO observes from Mexico City, Cuba, and the Bahamas to the Canadian oil sands, and from the Atlantic to the Pacific, hourly and at high spatial resolution (~2.1 km N/S×4.4 km E/W at 36.5°N, 100°W). TEMPO provides a tropospheric measurement suite that includes the key elements of tropospheric air pollution chemistry, as well as contributing to carbon cycle knowledge. Measurements are made hourly from geostationary (GEO) orbit, to capture the high variability present in the diurnal cycle of emissions and chemistry that are unobservable from current low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites that measure once per day. The small product spatial footprint resolves pollution sources at sub-urban scale. Together, this temporal and spatial resolution improves emission inventories, monitors population exposure, and enables effective emission-control strategies. TEMPO takes advantage of a commercial GEO host spacecraft to provide a modest cost mission that measures the spectra required to retrieve ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), formaldehyde (H 2 CO), glyoxal (C 2 H 2 O 2 ), bromine monoxide (BrO), IO (iodine monoxide), water vapor, aerosols, cloud parameters, ultraviolet radiation, and foliage properties. TEMPO thus measures the major elements, directly or by proxy, in the tropospheric O 3 chemistry cycle. Multi-spectral observations provide sensitivity to O 3 in the lowermost troposphere, substantially reducing uncertainty in air quality predictions. TEMPO quantifies and tracks the evolution of aerosol loading. It provides these near-real-time air quality products that will be made publicly available. TEMPO will launch at a prime time to be the North American component of the global geostationary constellation of pollution monitoring together with the European Sentinel-4 (S4) and Korean Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TROPOSPHERIC chemistry
KW  - POLLUTION -- Measurement
KW  - TEMPO (Computer program language)
KW  - CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry)
KW  - GEOSTATIONARY satellites
KW  - NORTH America
N1  - Accession Number: 119287911; Zoogman, P. 1 Liu, X. 1 Suleiman, R.M. 1 Pennington, W.F. 2 Flittner, D.E. 2 Al-Saadi, J.A. 2 Hilton, B.B. 2 Nicks, D.K. 3 Newchurch, M.J. 4 Carr, J.L. 5 Janz, S.J. 6 Andraschko, M.R. 2 Arola, A. 7 Baker, B.D. 3 Canova, B.P. 3 Chan Miller, C. 8 Cohen, R.C. 9 Davis, J.E. 1 Dussault, M.E. 1 Edwards, D.P. 10; Affiliation:  1: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, USA  3: Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp, USA  4: University of Alabama at Huntsville, USA  5: Carr Astronautics, USA  6: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, USA  7: Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland  8: Harvard University, USA  9: University of California at Berkeley, USA  10: National Center for Atmospheric Research, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 186, p17; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERIC chemistry; Subject Term: POLLUTION -- Measurement; Subject Term: TEMPO (Computer program language); Subject Term: CARBON cycle (Biogeochemistry); Subject Term: GEOSTATIONARY satellites; Subject Term: NORTH America; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.05.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119287911&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hashemi, R.
AU  - Predoi-Cross, A.
AU  - Nikitin, A.V.
AU  - Tyuterev, Vl.G.
AU  - Sung, K.
AU  - Smith, M.A.H.
AU  - Malathy Devi, V.
T1  - Spectroscopic line parameters of 12CH4 for atmospheric composition retrievals in the 4300–4500 cm−1 region.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 186
M3  - Article
SP  - 106
EP  - 117
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Due to the importance of methane as a trace atmospheric gas and a greenhouse gas, we have carried out a precise line-shape study to obtain the CH 4 –CH 4 and CH 4 –air half-width coefficients, CH 4 –CH 4 and CH 4 –air shift coefficients and off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients for methane transitions in the spectral range known as the “ methane Octad ”. In addition, the associated temperature dependences of these coefficients have been measured in the 4300–4500 cm −1 region of the Octad. The high signal to noise ratio spectra of pure methane and of dilute mixtures of methane in dry air with high resolution have been recorded at temperatures from 148 K to room temperature using the Bruker IFS 125 HR Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California. The analysis of spectra was done using a multispectrum non-linear least-squares curve fitting technique. Theoretical calculations have been performed and the results are compared with the previously published line positions, intensities and with the line parameters available in the GEISA and HITRAN2012 databases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC composition
KW  - GREENHOUSE gases
KW  - CHEMICAL relaxation
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - METHANE
KW  - CH 4 –CH 4 & CH 4 -air half-width coefficient
KW  - CH 4 -air & CH 4 –CH 4 shift coefficient
KW  - Methane
KW  - Relaxation matrix coefficients
N1  - Accession Number: 119287913; Hashemi, R. 1 Predoi-Cross, A. 1 Nikitin, A.V. 2,3 Tyuterev, Vl.G. 4 Sung, K. 5 Smith, M.A.H. 6 Malathy Devi, V. 7; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada  2: Laboratory of Theoretical Spectroscopy, V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation  3: QUAMER Laboratory, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russian Federation  4: Groupe de Spectrométrie Moléculaire et Atmosphérique, UMR CNRS 6089, Université de Reims, U.F.R. Sciences, Reims Cedex 2, France  5: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA  6: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  7: Department of Physics, College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 186, p106; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC composition; Subject Term: GREENHOUSE gases; Subject Term: CHEMICAL relaxation; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: METHANE; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH 4 –CH 4 & CH 4 -air half-width coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: CH 4 -air & CH 4 –CH 4 shift coefficient; Author-Supplied Keyword: Methane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Relaxation matrix coefficients; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211113 Conventional oil and gas extraction; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.03.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119287913&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kazemba, Cole D.
AU  - Braun, Robert D.
AU  - Clark, Ian G.
AU  - Schoenenberger, Mark
T1  - Survey of Blunt-Body Supersonic Dynamic Stability.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 109
EP  - 127
SN  - 00224650
N1  - Accession Number: 121770672; Kazemba, Cole D. 1 Braun, Robert D. 2 Clark, Ian G. 3 Schoenenberger, Mark 4; Affiliation:  1: STC, Inc., NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035  2: Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0150  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p109; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33552
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121770672&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Karlgaard, Christopher D.
AU  - Kutty, Prasad
AU  - Schoenenberger, Mark
T1  - Coupled Inertial Navigation and Flush Air Data Sensing Algorithm for Atmosphere Estimation.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 128
EP  - 140
SN  - 00224650
AB  - This paper describes an algorithm for atmospheric state estimation based on a coupling between inertial navigation and flush air data-sensing pressure measurements. The navigation state is used in the atmospheric estimation algorithm along with the pressure measurements and a model of the surface pressure distribution to estimate the atmosphere using a nonlinear weighted least-squares algorithm. The approach uses a high-fidelity model of atmosphere stored in table-lookup form, along with simplified models propagated along the trajectory within the algorithm to aid the solution. Thus, the method is a reduced-order Kalman filter in which the inertial states are taken from the navigation solution and atmospheric states are estimated in the filter. The algorithm is applied to data from the Mars Science Laboratory entry, descent, and landing from August 2012. Reasonable estimates of the atmosphere are produced by the algorithm. The observability of winds along the trajectory are examined using an index based on the observability Gramian and the pressure measurement sensitivity matrix. The results indicate that bank reversals are responsible for adding information content. The algorithm is applied to the design of the pressure measurement system for the Mars 2020 mission. A linear covariance analysis is performed to assess estimator performance. The results indicate that the new estimator produces more precise estimates of atmospheric states than existing algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121770673; Karlgaard, Christopher D. 1,2 Kutty, Prasad 1,3 Schoenenberger, Mark 4,5; Affiliation:  1: Analytical Mechanics Associates, Inc., Hampton, Virginia 23666  2: Supervising Engineer. Senior Member AIAA  3: Aerospace Engineer, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23666  5: Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch. Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p128; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33331
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121770673&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Brune, Andrew J.
AU  - Hosder, Serhat
AU  - Edquis, Karl T.
AU  - Tobin, Steven A.
T1  - Thermal Protection System Response Uncertainty of a Hypersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 141
EP  - 154
SN  - 00224650
AB  - The objective of this paper is to investigate the uncertainty in the bondline temperature response of a flexible thermal protection system subject to uncertain parameters in the hypersonic flowfield and thermal response modeling of a hypersonic inflatable aerodynamic decelerator configuration for ballistic Mars entry. An inflatable decelerator with a 10 m major diameter is selected for this study based on the forebody dimensions scaled from the 6 m test article that was tested in the NASA Ames Research Center's National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex facility. A global nonlinear sensitivity analysis study for the bondline temperature uncertainty shows that the dimension of uncertain parameters can reduce from 22 to 8. An uncertainty analysis of the bondline temperature in the reduced dimensions indicates that the bondline temperature varies by as much as 125% above the nominal prediction and exceeds the temperature limit of 400°C. The largest uncertainty occurred at 70 s in the trajectory before separation of the inflatable decelerator for transition to a secondary descent technology. The main contributors to the bondline temperature uncertainty are the insulator and outer fabric conductivities, as well as the freestream density. The thickness and initial density of the insulator layer, closest to the gas barrier layer, are also shown to be significant contributors to the bondline temperature uncertainty, especially earlier in the trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121770674; Brune, Andrew J. 1,2 Hosder, Serhat 1,3 Edquis, Karl T. 4,5 Tobin, Steven A. 4,6; Affiliation:  1: Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409  2: Graduate Student, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering. Student Member AIAA  3: Associate Professor of Aerospace Engineering, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering. Senior Member AIAA  4: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  5: Aerospace Engineer, Atmospheric Flight and Entry Systems Branch, Engineering Directorate. Senior Member AIAA  6: Aerospace Engineer, Structural and Thermal Systems Branch, Engineering Directorate. Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p141; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33732
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121770674&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rhode, Matthew N.
AU  - Oberkampf, William L.
T1  - Estimation of Uncertainties for a Model Validation Experiment in a Wind Tunnel.
JO  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
JF  - Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 54
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 168
SN  - 00224650
AB  - A high-quality model validation experiment was performed in the NASA Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel to assess the predictive accuracy of computational-fluid-dynamics models for a blunt-body supersonic retropropulsion configuration at freestream Mach numbers from 2.4 to 4.6. Static and fluctuating surface pressure data were acquired on a 5-in.-diam (127-mm-diam) test article with a forebody composed of a spherically blunted, 70 deg half-angle cone and a cylindrical aft body. One unpowered configuration with a smooth outer mold line was tested as well as three powered, forward-firing nozzle configurations: a centerline nozzle, three nozzles equally spaced around the forebody, and a combination with all four nozzles. A key objective of the experiment was the determination of experimental uncertainties from a range of sources such as random measurement variation, flowfield nonuniformity, and model/instrumentation uncertainties. This paper discusses 1) the design of the experiment to best capture these uncertainties for the baseline unpowered configuration, 2) the methodology used in quantifying the various sources of uncertainty, and 3) examples of the uncertainties applied to unpowered and powered experimental results. The uncertainty analysis, which concentrates on the unpowered configuration, showed that flowfield nonuniformity was the dominant contributor to the overall uncertainty. This finding is in agreement with other wind-tunnel experiments that have quantified various sources of uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Spacecraft & Rockets is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121770675; Rhode, Matthew N. 1,2 Oberkampf, William L. 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Aerospace Engineer, Aerothermodynamics Branch, Mail Stop 408A. Senior Member AIAA  3: W. L. Oberkampf Consulting, Austin, Texas 78633; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 54 Issue 1, p155; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.A33563
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121770675&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bennett, Gareth J.
AU  - Stephens, David B.
AU  - Rodriguez Verdugo, Francisco
T1  - Resonant mode characterisation of a cylindrical Helmholtz cavity excited by a shear layer.
JO  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
JF  - Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 141
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 7
EP  - 18
SN  - 00014966
AB  - This paper investigates the interaction between the shear-layer over a circular cavity with a relatively small opening and the flow-excited acoustic response of the volume within to shear-layer instability modes. Within the fluid-resonant category of cavity oscillation, most research has been conducted on rectangular geometries: generally restricted to longitudinal standing waves, or when cylindrical: to Helmholtz resonance. In practical situations, however, where the cavity is subject to a range of flow speeds, many different resonant mode types may be excited. The current work presents a cylindrical cavity design where Helmholtz oscillation, longitudinal resonance, and azimuthal acoustic modes may all be excited upon varying the flow speed. Experiments performed show how lock-on between each of the three fluid-resonances and shear-layer instability modes can be generated. A circumferential array of microphones flush-mounted with the internal surface of the cavity wall was used to decompose the acoustic pressure field into acoustic modes and has verified the excitation of higher order azimuthal modes by the shear-layer. For azimuthal modes especially, the location of the cavity opening affects the pressure response. A numerical solution is validated and provides additional insight and will be applied to more complex aeronautical and automotive geometries in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Acoustical Society of America is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HELMHOLTZ equation
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences)
KW  - AZIMUTH
KW  - RESONANCE
KW  - FLUID dynamics
KW  - MACH number
KW  - SOUND waves
N1  - Accession Number: 121065043; Bennett, Gareth J. 1; Email Address: gareth.bennett@tcd.ie Stephens, David B. 1,2 Rodriguez Verdugo, Francisco 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland.  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, 44070, USA.  3: Dipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica Industriale, Universita degli Studi Roma Tre, Rome, Italy.  4: Loccioni Via Fiume 16, 60030 Angeli di Rosora, Ancona, Italy.; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 141 Issue 1, p7; Subject Term: HELMHOLTZ equation; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: ACOUSTICS (Physical sciences); Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Subject Term: RESONANCE; Subject Term: FLUID dynamics; Subject Term: MACH number; Subject Term: SOUND waves; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 8 Diagrams, 7 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1121/1.4973212
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sorek-Hamer, Meytar
AU  - Broday, David M.
AU  - Chatfield, Robert
AU  - Esswein, Robert
AU  - Stafoggia, Massimo
AU  - Lepeule, Johanna
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Kloog, Itai
T1  - Monthly analysis of PM ratio characteristics and its relation to AOD.
JO  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
JF  - Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd)
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 67
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 27
EP  - 38
SN  - 10962247
AB  - Airborne particulate matter (PM) is derived from diverse sources--natural and anthropogenic. Climate change processes and remote sensing measurements are affected by the PM properties, which are often lumped into homogeneous size fractions that show spatiotemporal variation. Since different sources are attributed to different geographic locations and show specific spatial and temporal PM patterns, we explored the spatiotemporal characteristics of the PM2.5/PM10 ratio in different areas. Furthermore, we examined the statistical relationships between AERONET aerosol optical depth (AOD) products, satellite-based AOD, and the PM ratio, as well as the specific PM size fractions. PM data from the northeastern United States, from San Joaquin Valley, CA, and from Italy, Israel, and France were analyzed, as well as the spatial and temporal co-measured AOD products obtained from the MultiAngle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm. Our results suggest that when both the AERONET AOD and the AERONET fine-mode AOD are available, the AERONET AOD ratio can be a fair proxy for the ground PM ratio. Therefore, we recommend incorporating the finemode AERONET AOD in the calibration of MAIAC. Along with a relatively large variation in the observed PM ratio (especially in the northeastern United States), this shows the need to revisit MAIAC assumptions on aerosol microphysical properties, and perhaps their seasonal variability, which are used to generate the look-up tables and conduct aerosol retrievals. Our results call for further scrutiny of satellite-borne AOD, in particular its errors, limitations, and relation to the vertical aerosol profile and the particle size, shape, and composition distribution. This work is one step of the required analyses to gain better understanding of what the satellite-based AOD represents. Implications: The analysis results recommend incorporating the fine-mode AERONET AOD in MAIAC calibration. Specifically, they indicate the need to revisit MAIAC regional aerosol microphysical model assumptions used to generate look-up tables (LUTs) and conduct retrievals. Furthermore, relatively large variations in measured PM ratio shows that adding seasonality in aerosol microphysics used in LUTs, which is currently static, could also help improve accuracy of MAIAC retrievals. These results call for further scrutiny of satellite-borne AOD for better understanding of its limitations and relation to the vertical aerosol profile and particle size, shape, and composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (Taylor & Francis Ltd) is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - SPATIOTEMPORAL processes
N1  - Accession Number: 120430793; Sorek-Hamer, Meytar 1,2; Email Address: meytar@tx.technion.ac.il Broday, David M. 1 Chatfield, Robert 3 Esswein, Robert 3 Stafoggia, Massimo 4 Lepeule, Johanna 5 Lyapustin, Alexei 6 Kloog, Itai 2; Affiliation:  1: Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion Israel Institute, Haifa, Israel  2: Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheva, Israel  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  4: Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Region Health Service, Rome, Italy  5: INSERM and Université Grenoble-Alpes, IAB (U1209), Team of Environmental Epidemiology, Grenoble, France  6: NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 67 Issue 1, p27; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: SPATIOTEMPORAL processes; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1080/10962247.2016.1208121
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120430793&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hambric, Stephen A.
AU  - Shepherd, Micah R.
AU  - Schiller, Noah H.
AU  - Snider, Royce
AU  - May, Carl
T1  - Quieting a Rib-Framed Honeycomb Core Sandwich Panel for a Rotorcraft Roof.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - A rotorcraft roof composite sandwich panel has been redesigned to optimize sound power transmission loss (TL) and minimize structure-borne sound for frequencies between 1 and 4 kHz where gear-meshing noise from the transmission has the most impact on speech intelligibility. The roof section, framed by a grid of ribs, was originally constructed of a single honeycomb core/composite face sheet sandwich panel. The original panel has acoustic coincidence frequencies near 600 Hz, leading to poor TL across the frequency range of 1-4 kHz. To quiet the panel, the cross section was split into two thinner sandwich subpanels separated by an air gap. The air gap was sized to target the fundamental mass-spring-mass resonance of the panel system to less than 500 Hz, well below the frequency range of interest. The panels were designed to withstand structural loading from normal rotorcraft operation, as well as "man-on-the-roof" static loads experienced during maintenance operations. Thin layers of viscoelastomer were included in the face sheet ply layups, increasing panel damping loss factors from about 0.01 to 0.05. TL measurements show the optimized panel provides 6-11 dB of acoustic TL improvement and 6-15 dB of structure-borne sound reduction at critical rotorcraft transmission tonal frequencies. Analytic panel TL theory simulates the measured performance within 3 dB over most frequencies. Detailed finite element/boundary element modeling simulates TL slightly more accurately, within 2 dB for frequencies up to 4 kHz, and also simulates structure-borne sound well, generally within 3 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - SANDWICH construction (Materials)
KW  - POWER transmission
KW  - FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems
KW  - VISCOSIMETERS
N1  - Accession Number: 121477907; Hambric, Stephen A. 1; Email Address: sah19@arl.psu.edu Shepherd, Micah R. 1 Schiller, Noah H. 2 Snider, Royce 3 May, Carl 3; Affiliation:  1: ARL/Penn State University, State College, PA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA  3: Bell Helicopter-Textron, Fort Worth, TX; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: SANDWICH construction (Materials); Subject Term: POWER transmission; Subject Term: FREQUENCIES of oscillating systems; Subject Term: VISCOSIMETERS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.62.012009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121477907&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lakshminarayan, Vinod K.
AU  - Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan
AU  - Wissink, Andrew M.
T1  - Application of Strand Grid Framework to Complex Rotorcraft Simulations.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - The strand grid approach is a flow solution method where a prismatic-like grid using "strands" is grown to a short distance from the body surface to capture the viscous boundary layer, and the rest of the domain is covered using an adaptive Cartesian grid. The approach offers several advantages in terms of nearly automatic grid generation and adaptation, ability to implement fast and efficient flow solvers that use structured data in both the strand and Cartesian grids, and the development of an efficient and highly scalable domain connectivity algorithm. An earlier work by the authors introduced a strand grid solver called mStrand, which will appear in future versions of the HPCMP CREATETM-AV Helios framework. This paper presents application of the mStrand/Helios strand grid framework for complex rotorcraft problems. The test cases presented are the UH-60A high-speed forward flight and high-altitude stall problems as well as the HART II blade- vortex interaction problem. The results show that the solution obtained using the strand grid framework is as good as that obtained using well-established structured and unstructured solution methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORCRAFT
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - CARTESIAN coordinates
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems)
N1  - Accession Number: 121477906; Lakshminarayan, Vinod K. 1; Email Address: vinod.k.lakshminarayan.ctr@mail.mil Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan 2 Wissink, Andrew M. 3; Affiliation:  1: Research Scientist, Science & Tech. Corp, NASA Ames Research Center Moffett Field, CA  2: Research Scientist, Parallel Geometric Algorithms LLC, Sunnyvale, CA  3: Aerospace Engineer, U.S. Army Aviation Development, Directorate-ADD (AMRDEC), Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ROTORCRAFT; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: CARTESIAN coordinates; Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL grids (Computer systems); Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.62.012008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ramasamy, Manikandan
AU  - Yamauchi, Gloria K.
T1  - Using Model-Scale Tandem-Rotor Measurements in Ground Effect to Understand Full-Scale CH-47D Outwash.
JO  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
JF  - Journal of the American Helicopter Society
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 62
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 14
PB  - American Helicopter Society
SN  - 00028711
AB  - Downwash and outwash characteristics of a model-scale tandem-rotor system in the presence of the ground were analyzed by identifying and understanding the physicalmechanisms contributing to the observed flow field behavior. A building block approach was followed in simplifying the problem, separating the effects of the fuselage, effects of one rotor on the other, etc. Flow field velocities were acquired in a vertical plane at four aircraft azimuths of a small-scale tandem rotor system using the particle image velocimetry technique for radial distances up to four times the rotor diameter. Results were compared against full-scale CH-47D measurements. Excellent correlation was found between the small- and full-scale mean flow fields (after appropriate normalization using rotor and wall jet parameters). Following the scalability analysis, the effect of rotor height on the outwash was also studied. Close to the aircraft, an increase in rotor height above ground decreased the outwash velocity at all aircraft azimuths. However, farther away, the longitudinal and lateral axes of the aircraft showed increasing and decreasing outwash velocities, respectively, with increasing rotor height. Baseline rotor measurements were made out-of-ground effect to understand the nature of inflow distribution for realistic rotor configurations and their modified characteristics in the presence of the ground. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Helicopter Society is the property of American Helicopter Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ROTORS (Helicopters)
KW  - AZIMUTH
KW  - AIRPLANES -- Fuselage
KW  - VELOCIMETRY
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
N1  - Accession Number: 121477902; Ramasamy, Manikandan 1; Email Address: manikandan.ramasamy.civ@mail.mil Yamauchi, Gloria K. 2; Affiliation:  1: U.S. Army Aviation Development Directorate --AFDD, Aviation & Missile Research, Development & Engineering Center Research, Development & Engineering Command Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA  2: Aeromechanics Office, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 62 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ROTORS (Helicopters); Subject Term: AZIMUTH; Subject Term: AIRPLANES -- Fuselage; Subject Term: VELOCIMETRY; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.4050/JAHS.62.012004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smialek, James L.
T1  - Environmental resistance of a Ti2AlC-type MAX phase in a high pressure burner rig.
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 37
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 23
EP  - 34
SN  - 09552219
AB  - Alumina-forming commercial Ti 2 AlC (MAXthal 211)™ phase samples were exposed in a jet-fueled, high pressure burner rig (HPBR) at 1100°, 1200°, and 1300 °C, operating at 6 atm (bar) and 25 m/s, in ∼10% water vapor. Weight change exhibited a rapid initial uptake associated with a TiO 2 transient phase followed by cubic kinetics of a slow-growing α-Al 2 O 3 underlayer. The cubic rate constants, k c , were approximately 20% of those measured in static thermo-balance furnace tests. A small recession rate of −0.012 mg/cm 2 /h was measured at 1300 °C for a pre-oxidized sample. The loss rate was ∼15% that observed for SiO 2 scales subject to volatile Si(OH) 4 formation for SiC tested under similar conditions. These kinetic features were fitted in a modified cubic-linear law. From thermodynamic, XRD, and SEM analyses, it is proposed that volatile TiO(OH) 2 was formed by the reaction of water vapor with TiO 2 and TiAl 2 O 5 outer layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM compounds
KW  - HIGH pressure chemistry
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - METALS -- Formability
KW  - JET planes -- Fuel
KW  - Burner rig
KW  - Oxidation
KW  - Scale volatility
KW  - Ti2AlC MAX phase
KW  - Water vapor
N1  - Accession Number: 118268133; Smialek, James L. 1; Email Address: James.L.Smialek@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, United States; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 37 Issue 1, p23; Subject Term: TITANIUM compounds; Subject Term: HIGH pressure chemistry; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: METALS -- Formability; Subject Term: JET planes -- Fuel; Author-Supplied Keyword: Burner rig; Author-Supplied Keyword: Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scale volatility; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ti2AlC MAX phase; Author-Supplied Keyword: Water vapor; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.07.038
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=118268133&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wilhelm, Mary Beth
AU  - Davila, Alfonso F.
AU  - Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.
AU  - Parenteau, Mary N.
AU  - Jahnke, Linda L.
AU  - Liu, Xiao-Lei
AU  - Summons, Roger E.
AU  - Wray, James J.
AU  - Stamos, Brian N.
AU  - O’Reilly, Shane S.
AU  - Williams, Amy
T1  - Xeropreservation of functionalized lipid biomarkers in hyperarid soils in the Atacama Desert.
JO  - Organic Geochemistry
JF  - Organic Geochemistry
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 103
M3  - Article
SP  - 97
EP  - 104
SN  - 01466380
AB  - Our understanding of long-term organic matter preservation comes mostly from studies in aquatic systems. In contrast, taphonomic processes in extremely dry environments are relatively understudied and are poorly understood. We investigated the accumulation and preservation of lipid biomarkers in hyperarid soils in the Yungay region of the Atacama Desert. Lipids from seven soil horizons in a 2.5 m vertical profile were extracted and analyzed using GC–MS and LC–MS. Diagnostic functionalized lipids and geolipids were detected and increased in abundance and diversity with depth. Deeper clay units contain fossil organic matter (radiocarbon dead) that has been protected from rainwater since the onset of hyperaridity. We show that these clay units contain lipids in an excellent state of structural preservation with functional groups and unsaturated bonds in carbon chains. This indicates that minimal degradation of lipids has occurred in these soils since the time of their deposition between > 40,000 and 2 million years ago. The exceptional structural preservation of biomarkers is likely due to the long-term hyperaridity that has minimized microbial and enzymatic activity, a taphonomic process we term xeropreservation (i.e., preservation by drying). The degree of biomarker preservation allowed us to reconstruct major changes in ecology in the Yungay region that reflect a shift in hydrological regime from wet to dry since the early Quaternary. Our results suggest that hyperarid environments, which comprise 7.5% of the continental landmass, could represent a rich and relatively unexplored source of paleobiological information on Earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Organic Geochemistry is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANT growing media
KW  - AGRICULTURAL resources
KW  - ORGANIC compounds
KW  - SOIL horizons
KW  - ATACAMA Desert (Chile)
KW  - Atacama
KW  - Biomarker
KW  - Desert
KW  - FAME
KW  - Hyperarid
KW  - Lipid
KW  - Mars
KW  - Preservation
N1  - Accession Number: 120146863; Wilhelm, Mary Beth 1,2; Email Address: marybeth.wilhelm@nasa.gov Davila, Alfonso F. 2,3 Eigenbrode, Jennifer L. 4 Parenteau, Mary N. 2; Email Address: mary.n.parenteau@nasa.gov Jahnke, Linda L. 2; Email Address: linda.l.jahnke@nasa.gov Liu, Xiao-Lei 5 Summons, Roger E. 5 Wray, James J. 1; Email Address: jwray@eas.gatech.edu Stamos, Brian N. 6 O’Reilly, Shane S. 5 Williams, Amy 7; Affiliation:  1: School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA  2: Space Science and Astrobiology Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, 189 N Bernardo Ave, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: Planetary Environments Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02141, USA  6: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA  7: Department of Physics, Astronomy, and Geosciences, Towson University, 8000 York Road, Towson, MD 21252, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 103, p97; Subject Term: PLANT growing media; Subject Term: AGRICULTURAL resources; Subject Term: ORGANIC compounds; Subject Term: SOIL horizons; Subject Term: ATACAMA Desert (Chile); Author-Supplied Keyword: Atacama; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biomarker; Author-Supplied Keyword: Desert; Author-Supplied Keyword: FAME; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hyperarid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lipid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preservation; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325199 All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325190 Other basic organic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2016.10.015
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120146863&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Darr, S. R.
AU  - Camarotti, C. F.
AU  - Hartwig, J. W.
AU  - Chung, J. N.
T1  - Hydrodynamic model of screen channel liquid acquisition devices for in-space cryogenic propellant management.
JO  - Physics of Fluids
JF  - Physics of Fluids
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 29
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 18
SN  - 10706631
AB  - Technologies that enable the storage and transfer of cryogenic propellants in space will be needed for the next generation vehicles that will carry humans to Mars. One of the candidate technologies is the screen channel liquid acquisition device (LAD), which uses a metal woven wire mesh to separate the liquid and vapor phases so that single-phase liquid propellant can be transferred in microgravity. In this work, an experiment is carried out that provides measurements of the velocity and pressure fields in a screen channel LAD. These data are used to validate a new analytical solution of the liquid flow through a screen channel LAD. This hydrodynamic model, which accounts for non-uniform injection through the screen, is compared with the traditional pressure term summation model which assumes a constant, uniform injection velocity. Results show that the new model performs best against the new data and historical data. The velocity measurements inside the screen channel LAD are used to provide a more accurate velocity profile which further improves the new model. The result of this work is a predictive tool that will instill confidence in the design of screen channel LADs for future in-space propulsion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physics of Fluids is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CRYOGENIC fluids
KW  - LIQUID propellants
KW  - VELOCITY measurements
KW  - HYDRODYNAMICS
KW  - FLOW injection analysis
N1  - Accession Number: 121092476; Darr, S. R. 1; Email Address: gatorsamd@ufl.edu Camarotti, C. F. 1 Hartwig, J. W. 2 Chung, J. N. 1; Email Address: jnchung@ufl.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44135, USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 29 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CRYOGENIC fluids; Subject Term: LIQUID propellants; Subject Term: VELOCITY measurements; Subject Term: HYDRODYNAMICS; Subject Term: FLOW injection analysis; Number of Pages: 18p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 10 Diagrams, 4 Charts, 9 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4973671
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121092476&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - E. Schlawin
AU  - M. Rieke
AU  - J. Leisenring
AU  - L. M. Walker
AU  - J. Fraine
AU  - D. Kelly
AU  - K. Misselt
AU  - T. Greene
AU  - M. Line
AU  - N. Lewis
AU  - J. Stansberry
T1  - Two NIRCam Channels are Better than One: How JWST Can Do More Science with NIRCam’s Short-wavelength Dispersed Hartmann Sensor.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 129
IS  - 971
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offers unprecedented sensitivity, stability, and wavelength coverage for transiting exoplanet studies, opening up new avenues for measuring atmospheric abundances, structure, and temperature profiles. Taking full advantage of JWST spectroscopy of planets from 0.6 to 28 μm, however, will require many observations with a combination of the NIRISS, NIRCam, NIRSpec, and MIRI instruments. In this white paper, we discuss a new NIRCam mode (not yet approved or implemented) that can reduce the number of necessary observations to cover the 1.0–5.0 μm wavelength range. Even though NIRCam was designed primarily as an imager, it also includes several grisms for phasing and aligning JWST’s 18 hexagonal mirror segments. NIRCam’s long-wavelength channel includes grisms that cover 2.4–5.0 μm with a resolving power of R = 1200–1550 using two separate configurations. The long-wavelength grisms have already been approved for science operations, including wide field and single object (time series) slitless spectroscopy. We propose a new mode that will simultaneously measure spectra for science targets in the 1.0–2.0 μm range using NIRCam’s short-wavelength channel. This mode, if approved, would take advantage of NIRCam’s Dispersed Hartmann Sensor (DHS), which produces 10 spatially separated spectra per source at R ∼ 300. We discuss the added benefit of the DHS in constraining abundances in exoplanet atmospheres as well as its ability to observe the brightest systems. The DHS essentially comes for free (at no time cost) with any NIRCam long-wavelength grism observation, but the detector integration parameters have to be selected to ensure that the long-wavelength grism observations do not saturate and that JWST data volume downlink constraints are not violated. Combining both of NIRCam’s channels will maximize the science potential of JWST, which is a limited life observatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - HARTMANN test
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120537930; E. Schlawin 1; Email Address: eas342@email.arizona.edu M. Rieke 1 J. Leisenring 1 L. M. Walker 1 J. Fraine 1 D. Kelly 1 K. Misselt 1 T. Greene 2 M. Line 3 N. Lewis 4 J. Stansberry 4; Affiliation:  1: Steward Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA  4: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 129 Issue 971, p1; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: HARTMANN test; Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/129/971/015001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537930&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Horne, R. A.
AU  - Sackett, C. A.
T1  - A cylindrically symmetric magnetic trap for compact Bose-Einstein condensate atom interferometer gyroscopes.
JO  - Review of Scientific Instruments
JF  - Review of Scientific Instruments
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 88
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 6
SN  - 00346748
AB  - We present a variant of the time-orbiting potential trap suitable for Bose-Einstein condensate atom interferometers, which provides weak, cylindrically symmetric confinement as well as support for the atoms against gravity. This trapping configuration is well-suited for the implementation of a compact atom interferometer based gyroscope. The trap is made up of six coils, which were produced using photolithographic techniques and take up a modest volume of approximately 1 cubic inch inside a vacuum chamber. The trapping frequencies and thermal characteristics of the trap are presented, showing cylindrical symmetry and scalability of the trapping frequencies from 1 Hz to 8 Hz in the symmetry plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Review of Scientific Instruments is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MAGNETIC traps
KW  - INTERFEROMETERS
KW  - GYROSCOPES
KW  - BOSE-Einstein condensation
KW  - CYLINDRICAL shells (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 120929274; Horne, R. A. 1 Sackett, C. A. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Revolutionary Aviation Technologies Branch, Mail Stop 207, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA  2: Department of Physics, University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4714, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 88 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MAGNETIC traps; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETERS; Subject Term: GYROSCOPES; Subject Term: BOSE-Einstein condensation; Subject Term: CYLINDRICAL shells (Engineering); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; Number of Pages: 6p; Illustrations: 1 Color Photograph, 1 Black and White Photograph, 3 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4973123
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120929274&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Keun Su Kim
AU  - Myung Jong Kim
AU  - Cheol Park
AU  - Catharine C Fay
AU  - Sang-Hyon Chu
AU  - Christopher T Kingston
AU  - Benoit Simard
T1  - Scalable manufacturing of boron nitride nanotubes and their assemblies: a review.
JO  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
JF  - Semiconductor Science & Technology
Y1  - 2017/01//
VL  - 32
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 02681242
AB  - Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) are wide bandgap semiconducting materials with a quasiparticle energy gap larger than 6.0 eV. Since their first synthesis in 1995, there have been considerable attempts to develop novel BNNT-based applications in semiconductor science and technology. Inspired by carbon nanotube synthesis methods, many BNNT synthesis methods have been developed so far; however, it has been very challenging to produce BNNTs at a large scale with the structural quality high enough for exploring practical applications. Very recently there has been significant progress in the scalable manufacturing of high-quality BNNTs. In this article, we will review those particular breakthroughs and discuss their impact on semiconductor industries. Freestanding BNNT assemblies such as transparent thin films, yarns or buckypapers are highly advantageous in the development of novel BNNT-based semiconductor devices. The latest achievements in their manufacturing processes will be also presented along with their potential applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Semiconductor Science & Technology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - CARBON nanotubes -- Synthesis
KW  - ENERGY gaps (Physics)
KW  - SEMICONDUCTORS
KW  - MANUFACTURING processes
N1  - Accession Number: 120283078; Keun Su Kim 1; Email Address: KeunSu.Kim@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca Myung Jong Kim 2 Cheol Park 3 Catharine C Fay 3 Sang-Hyon Chu 4 Christopher T Kingston 1 Benoit Simard 1; Affiliation:  1: Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, Emerging Technologies Division, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada  2: Applied Quantum Composites Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wanju 55324, Korea  3: Advanced Materials and Processing Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199, USA  4: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia 23666, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: CARBON nanotubes -- Synthesis; Subject Term: ENERGY gaps (Physics); Subject Term: SEMICONDUCTORS; Subject Term: MANUFACTURING processes; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334513 Instruments and Related Products Manufacturing for Measuring, Displaying, and Controlling Industrial Process Variables; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333994 Industrial Process Furnace and Oven Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/0268-1242/32/1/013003
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120283078&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Afsar, M.Z.
AU  - Leib, S.J.
AU  - Bozak, R.F.
T1  - Effect of de-correlating turbulence on the low frequency decay of jet-surface interaction noise in sub-sonic unheated air jets using a CFD-based approach.
JO  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
JF  - Journal of Sound & Vibration
Y1  - 2017/01/06/
VL  - 386
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 207
SN  - 0022460X
AB  - In this paper we extend the Rapid-distortion theory (RDT)-based model derived by Goldstein, Afsar & Leib (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 736, pp. 532-569, 2013) for the sound generated by the interaction of a large-aspect-ratio rectangular jet with the trailing edge of a flat plate to include a more realistic upstream turbulence spectrum that possess a de-correlation (i.e. negative dip) in its space-time structure and use results from three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solutions to determine the mean flow, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulence length & time scales. Since the interaction noise dominates the low-frequency portion of the spectrum, we use an appropriate asymptotic approximation for the Rayleigh equation Green’s function, which enters the analysis, based on a two-dimensional mean flow representation for the jet. We use the model to predict jet-surface interaction noise for a range of subsonic acoustic Mach number jets, nozzle aspect ratios, streamwise and transverse trailing-edge locations and compare them with experimental data. The RANS meanflow computations are also compared with flow data for selected cases to assess their validity. We find that finite de-correlation in the turbulence spectrum increases the low-frequency algebraic decay (the low-frequency “roll-off”) of the acoustic spectrum with angular frequency to give a model that has a pure dipole frequency scaling. This gives better agreement with noise data compared to Goldstein et al. (2013) for Strouhal numbers less than the peak jet-surface interaction noise. For example, through sensitivity analysis we find that there is a difference of 10 dB at the lowest frequency for which data exists (relative to a model without de-correlation effects included) for the highest acoustic Mach number case. Secondly, our results for the planar flow theory provide a first estimate of the low-frequency amplification due to the jet-surface interaction for moderate aspect ratio nozzles when RANS meanflow quantities are used appropriately. This work will hopefully add to noise prediction efforts for aircraft configurations in which the exhaust systems are tightly integrated with the airframe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Sound & Vibration is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JETS (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - TURBULENCE
KW  - DECORRELATION (Signal processing)
KW  - SURFACE interactions
KW  - COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics
KW  - Jet-surface interaction
KW  - Rapid-distortion theory
KW  - Trailing edge noise
N1  - Accession Number: 119161533; Afsar, M.Z. 1; Email Address: mohammed.afsar@strath.ac.uk Leib, S.J. 2 Bozak, R.F. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Strathclyde University, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow, G1 1XJ, United Kingdom.  2: Ohio Aerospace Institute, 22800 Cedar Point Road, Cleveland, OH 44142, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 386, p177; Subject Term: JETS (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: TURBULENCE; Subject Term: DECORRELATION (Signal processing); Subject Term: SURFACE interactions; Subject Term: COMPUTATIONAL fluid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jet-surface interaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Rapid-distortion theory; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trailing edge noise; Number of Pages: 31p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jsv.2016.08.021
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119161533&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Björn Benneke
AU  - Erik Petigura
AU  - Heather Knutson
AU  - Courtney Dressing
AU  - Michael Werner
AU  - John Livingston
AU  - Varoujan Gorjian
AU  - Ian J. M. Crossfield
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Charles Beichman
AU  - David R. Ciardi
AU  - Jessie Christiansen
AU  - Jessica Krick
AU  - Rachel L. Akeson
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Evan Sinukoff
T1  - SPITZER OBSERVATIONS CONFIRM AND RESCUE THE HABITABLE-ZONE SUPER-EARTH K2-18b FOR FUTURE CHARACTERIZATION.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/01/10/
VL  - 834
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The recent detections of two transit events attributed to the super-Earth candidate K2-18b have provided the unprecedented prospect of spectroscopically studying a habitable-zone planet outside the solar system. Orbiting a nearby M2.5 dwarf and receiving virtually the same stellar insolation as Earth, K2-18b would be a prime candidate for the first detailed atmospheric characterization of a habitable-zone exoplanet using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)and James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Here, we report the detection of a third transit of K2-18b near the predicted transit time using the Spitzer Space Telescope. The Spitzer detection demonstrates the periodic nature of the two transit events discovered by K2, confirming that K2-18 is indeed orbited by a super-Earth in a 33 day orbit, ruling out the alternative scenario of two similarly sized, long-period planets transiting only once within the 75 day Kepler Space Telescope (K2) observation. We also find, however, that the transit event detected by Spitzer occurred 1.85 hr () before the predicted transit time. Our joint analysis of the Spitzer and K2 photometry reveals that this early occurrence of the transit is not caused by transit timing variations, but the result of an inaccurate ephemeris due to a previously undetected data anomaly in the K2 photometry. We refit the ephemeris and find that K2-18b would have been lost for future atmospheric characterizations with HST and JWST if we had not secured its ephemeris shortly after the discovery. We caution that immediate follow-up observations as presented here will also be critical for confirming and securing future planets discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), in particular if only two transit events are covered by the relatively short 27-day TESS campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
KW  - JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
KW  - SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 120761021; Björn Benneke 1 Erik Petigura 1 Heather Knutson 1 Courtney Dressing 1,2 Michael Werner 3 John Livingston 3 Varoujan Gorjian 3 Ian J. M. Crossfield 2,4,5 Joshua E. Schlieder 6 Charles Beichman 7 David R. Ciardi 7 Jessie Christiansen 8 Jessica Krick 8 Rachel L. Akeson 8 Andrew W. Howard 9 Evan Sinukoff 9; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: NASA Sagan Fellow.  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  7: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, 770 S. Wilson Ave., Pasadena, CA, USA  8: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI, USA; Source Info: 1/10/2017, Vol. 834 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: JAMES Webb Space Telescope (Spacecraft) Company/Entity: SPITZER Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/187
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120761021&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Michael S. Gordon
AU  - Terry J. Jones
AU  - Robert D. Gehrz
AU  - L. Andrew Helton
T1  - MASSIVE STAR FORMATION IN THE LMC. I. N159 AND N160 COMPLEXES.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/01/10/
VL  - 834
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present images and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of massive young stellar objects (YSOs) in three star-forming H ii regions of the Large Magellanic Cloud: N159A, N159 Papillon, and N160. We use photometry from SOFIA/FORCAST at 25.3–37.1 μm to constrain model fits to the SEDs and determine luminosities, ages, and dust content of the embedded YSOs and their local environments. By placing these sources on mid-infrared color–magnitude and color–color diagrams, we analyze their dust properties and consider their evolutionary status. Since each object in the FORCAST images has an obvious bright near-infrared counterpart in Spitzer Space Telescope images, we do not find any evidence for new, very cool, previously undiscovered Class 0 YSOs. Additionally, based on its mid-infrared colors and model parameters, N159A is younger than N160 and the Papillon. The nature of the first extragalactic protostars in N159, P1, and P2, is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - H II regions (Astrophysics)
KW  - LARGE magellanic cloud
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - PROTOSTARS
N1  - Accession Number: 120760973; Michael S. Gordon 1 Terry J. Jones 1 Robert D. Gehrz 1 L. Andrew Helton 2; Affiliation:  1: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy 116 Church St SE, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  2: USRA–SOFIA Science Center, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: 1/10/2017, Vol. 834 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: H II regions (Astrophysics); Subject Term: LARGE magellanic cloud; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: PROTOSTARS; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/834/2/122
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120760973&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bocchini, Peter J.
AU  - Sudbrack, Chantal K.
AU  - Noebe, Ronald D.
AU  - Dunand, David C.
AU  - Seidman, David N.
T1  - Microstructural and creep properties of boron- and zirconium-containing cobalt-based superalloys.
JO  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
JF  - Materials Science & Engineering: A
Y1  - 2017/01/13/
VL  - 682
M3  - Article
SP  - 260
EP  - 269
SN  - 09215093
AB  - The effects of micro-additions of boron and zirconium on grain-boundary (GB) structure and strength in polycrystalline γ(f.c.c.) plus γ′(L1 2 ) strengthened Co-9.5Al-7.5W-X at% alloys (X=0-Ternary, 0.05B, 0.01B, 0.05Zr, and 0.005B-0.05Zr at%) are studied. Creep tests performed at 850 °C demonstrate that GB strength and cohesion limit the creep resistance and ductility of the ternary B- and Zr-free alloy due to intergranular fracture. Alloys with 0.05B and 0.005B-0.05Zr both exhibit improved creep strength due to enhanced GB cohesion, compared to the baseline ternary Co-9.5Al-7.5W alloy, but alloys containing 0.01B or 0.05Zr additions display no benefit. Atom-probe tomography (APT) is utilized to measure GB segregation, where B and Zr are demonstrated to segregate at GBs. A Gibbsian interfacial excess of 5.57±1.04 atoms nm −2 was found for B at a GB in the 0.01B alloy and 2.88±0.81 and 2.40±0.84 atoms nm −2 for B and Zr, respectively, for the 0.005B-0.05Zr alloy. The GBs in the highest B-containing (0.05B) alloy exhibit micrometer-sized boride precipitates with adjacent precipitate denuded-zones (PDZs), whereas secondary precipitation at the GBs is absent in the other four alloys. The 0.05B alloy has the smallest room temperature yield strength, by 6%, which is attributed to the PDZs, but it exhibits the largest increase in creep strength (with an ~2.5 order of magnitude decrease in the minimum strain rate for a given stress at 850 °C) over the baseline Co-9.5Al-7.5W alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Materials Science & Engineering: A is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ZIRCONIUM alloys
KW  - COBALT alloys
KW  - HEAT resistant alloys
KW  - METALS -- Microstructure
KW  - METALS -- Creep
KW  - Atom-probe tomography (APT)
KW  - Cobalt-base superalloys
KW  - Creep
KW  - Gamma prime
KW  - Grain boundaries
N1  - Accession Number: 120242065; Bocchini, Peter J. 1; Email Address: pbocchin@gmail.com Sudbrack, Chantal K. 2 Noebe, Ronald D. 2 Dunand, David C. 1,2 Seidman, David N. 1,3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, 21000 Brookpark Rd., Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  3: Northwestern University Center for Atom-Probe Tomography (NUCAPT), 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL 60208-3108, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 682, p260; Subject Term: ZIRCONIUM alloys; Subject Term: COBALT alloys; Subject Term: HEAT resistant alloys; Subject Term: METALS -- Microstructure; Subject Term: METALS -- Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atom-probe tomography (APT); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cobalt-base superalloys; Author-Supplied Keyword: Creep; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gamma prime; Author-Supplied Keyword: Grain boundaries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331490 Non-ferrous metal (except copper and aluminum) rolling, drawing, extruding and alloying; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.124
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120242065&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sehlke, Alexander
AU  - Whittington, Alan G.
T1  - Corrigendum to “The viscosity of planetary tholeiitic melts: A configurational entropy model” [Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 191 (2016) 277–299].
JO  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
JF  - Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Y1  - 2017/01/15/
VL  - 197
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 474
EP  - 475
SN  - 00167037
KW  - THOLEIITE
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - GEOLOGICAL modeling
N1  - Accession Number: 120409079; Sehlke, Alexander 1,2 Whittington, Alan G. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA  2: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 197, p474; Subject Term: THOLEIITE; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL modeling; Number of Pages: 2p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.gca.2016.10.041
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120409079&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Devi, V. Malathy
AU  - Benner, D. Chris
AU  - Sung, Keeyoon
AU  - Crawford, Timothy J.
AU  - Gamache, Robert R.
AU  - Renaud, Candice L.
AU  - Smith, Mary Ann H.
AU  - Mantz, Arlan W.
AU  - Villanueva, Geronimo L.
T1  - Line parameters for CO2 broadening in the ν2 band of HD16O.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2017/01/15/
VL  - 187
M3  - Article
SP  - 472
EP  - 488
SN  - 00224073
AB  - CO 2 -rich planetary atmospheres such as those of Mars and Venus require accurate knowledge of CO 2 broadened HDO half-width coefficients and their temperature dependence exponents for reliable abundance determination. Although a few calculated line lists have recently been published on HDO–CO 2 line shapes and their temperature dependences, laboratory measurements of those parameters are thus far non-existent. In this work, we report the first measurements of CO 2 -broadened half-width and pressure-shift coefficients and their temperature dependences for over 220 transitions in the ν 2 band. First measurements of self-broadened half-width and self-shift coefficients at room temperature are also obtained for majority of these transitions. In addition, the first experimental determination of collisional line mixing has been reported for 11 transition pairs for HDO–CO 2 and HDO–HDO systems. These results were obtained by analyzing ten high-resolution spectra of HDO and HDO–CO 2 mixtures at various sample temperatures and pressures recorded with the Bruker IFS-125HR Fourier transform spectrometer at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). Two coolable absorption cells with path lengths of 20.38 cm and 20.941 m were used to record the spectra. The various line parameters were retrieved by fitting all ten spectra simultaneously using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. The HDO transitions in the 1100–4100 cm −1 range were extracted from the HITRAN2012 database. For the ν 2 and 2ν 2 -ν 2 bands there were 2245 and 435 transitions, respectively. Modified Complex Robert–Bonamy formalism (MCRB) calculations were made for the half-width coefficients, their temperature dependence and the pressure shift coefficients for the HDO–CO 2 and HDO–HDO collision systems. MCRB calculations are compared with the measured values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY atmospheres
KW  - FOURIER transform spectrometers
KW  - JET propulsion
KW  - MARS probes
KW  - LEAST squares
KW  - HDO–CO 2 calculated line list
KW  - HDO–CO 2 shifts
KW  - HDO–CO 2 widths
KW  - Mars atmosphere
KW  - Off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients
KW  - Temperature dependence of widths
N1  - Accession Number: 120146696; Devi, V. Malathy 1 Benner, D. Chris 1 Sung, Keeyoon 2 Crawford, Timothy J. 2 Gamache, Robert R. 3 Renaud, Candice L. 3 Smith, Mary Ann H. 4 Mantz, Arlan W. 5 Villanueva, Geronimo L. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA 23187-8795, United States  2: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States  3: Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States  4: Science Directorate, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  5: Department of Physics, Astronomy and Geophysics, Connecticut College, New London, CT, United States  6: Astrochemistry, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, United States; Source Info: Jan2017, Vol. 187, p472; Subject Term: PLANETARY atmospheres; Subject Term: FOURIER transform spectrometers; Subject Term: JET propulsion; Subject Term: MARS probes; Subject Term: LEAST squares; Author-Supplied Keyword: HDO–CO 2 calculated line list; Author-Supplied Keyword: HDO–CO 2 shifts; Author-Supplied Keyword: HDO–CO 2 widths; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients; Author-Supplied Keyword: Temperature dependence of widths; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.10.004
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. L. Racusin
AU  - E. Burns
AU  - A. Goldstein
AU  - V. Connaughton
AU  - C. A. Wilson-Hodge
AU  - P. Jenke
AU  - L. Blackburn
AU  - M. S. Briggs
AU  - J. Broida
AU  - J. Camp
AU  - N. Christensen
AU  - C. M. Hui
AU  - T. Littenberg
AU  - P. Shawhan
AU  - L. Singer
AU  - J. Veitch
AU  - P. N. Bhat
AU  - W. Cleveland
AU  - G. Fitzpatrick
AU  - M. H. Gibby
T1  - SEARCHING THE GAMMA-RAY SKY FOR COUNTERPARTS TO GRAVITATIONAL WAVE SOURCES: FERMI GAMMA-RAY BURST MONITO R AND LARGE AREA TELESCOPE OBSERVATIONS OF LVT151012 AND GW151226.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/01/20/
VL  - 835
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) observations of the LIGO binary black hole merger event GW151226 and candidate LVT151012. At the time of the LIGO triggers on LVT151012 and GW151226, GBM was observing 68% and 83% of the localization regions, and LAT was observing 47% and 32%, respectively. No candidate electromagnetic counterparts were detected by either the GBM or LAT. We present a detailed analysis of the GBM and LAT data over a range of timescales from seconds to years, using automated pipelines and new techniques for characterizing the flux upper bounds across large areas of the sky. Due to the partial GBM and LAT coverage of the large LIGO localization regions at the trigger times for both events, differences in source distances and masses, as well as the uncertain degree to which emission from these sources could be beamed, these non-detections cannot be used to constrain the variety of theoretical models recently applied to explain the candidate GBM counterpart to GW150914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GAMMA ray astronomy
KW  - GRAVITATIONAL waves
KW  - GAMMA ray bursts
KW  - BINARY black holes
KW  - LASER Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory
N1  - Accession Number: 120901333; J. L. Racusin 1,2 E. Burns 2,3 A. Goldstein 2,4 V. Connaughton 4 C. A. Wilson-Hodge 5 P. Jenke 6 L. Blackburn 7 M. S. Briggs 6,8 J. Broida 9 J. Camp 1 N. Christensen 9 C. M. Hui 5 T. Littenberg 4 P. Shawhan 10 L. Singer 1,11 J. Veitch 12 P. N. Bhat 6 W. Cleveland 4 G. Fitzpatrick 13 M. H. Gibby 14; Affiliation:  1: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Corresponding authors: judith.racusin@nasa.gov, EricKayserBurns@gmail.com, adam.m.goldstein@nasa.gov, nicola.omodei@stanford.edu, giacomov@stanford.edu  3: Physics Dept, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35805, USA  4: Universities Space Research Association, 320 Sparkman Dr. Huntsville, AL 35806, USA  5: Astrophysics Office, ZP12, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA  6: CSPAR, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35805, USA  7: LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  8: Dept. of Space Science, University of Alabama in Huntsville, 320 Sparkman Dr., Huntsville, AL 35805, USA  9: Physics and Astronomy, Carleton College, MN 55057, USA  10: Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  11: NASA Postdoctoral Fellow.  12: University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK  13: School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Stillorgan Road, Dublin 4, Ireland  14: Jacobs Technology, Inc., Huntsville, AL, USA; Source Info: 1/20/2017, Vol. 835 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GAMMA ray astronomy; Subject Term: GRAVITATIONAL waves; Subject Term: GAMMA ray bursts; Subject Term: BINARY black holes; Company/Entity: LASER Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/82
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baurle, R. A.
T1  - Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged/Large-Eddy Simulation of a Cavity Flameholder: Modeling Sensitivities.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 55
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 524
EP  - 543
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Steady-state and scale-resolving simulations have been performed for flow in and around a model scramjet combustor flameholder. The cases simulated corresponded to those used to examine this flowfield experimentally using particle image velocimetry. A variety of turbulence models were used for the steady-state Reynolds-averaged simulations, which included both linear and nonlinear eddy viscosity models. The scale-resolving simulations used a hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulation strategy that is designed to be a large-eddy simulation everywhere except in the inner portion (log layer and below) of the boundary layer. Hence, this formulation can be regarded as a wall-modeled large-eddy simulation. This effort was undertaken to formally assess the performance of the hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulation modeling approach in a flowfield of interest to the scramjet research community. The numerical errors were quantified for both the steady-state and scale-resolving simulations before making any claims of predictive accuracy relative to the measurements. The hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulation results were also carefully scrutinized to ensure that even the coarsest grid had an acceptable level of resolution to meet accepted guidelines for large-eddy simulation and that the time-averaged statistics were acceptably accurate. The autocorrelation and its Fourier transform were the primary tools used for this assessment. Both simulation strategies accurately predicted the mean streamwise velocity distribution within the cavity, although the Reynolds-averaged simulations that used a linear eddy viscosity model tended to overpredict the strength of the primary cavity recirculation zone. Second-order moments of the velocity field were found to be highly sensitive to the turbulence model chosen for the Reynolds-averaged simulations, with all models overpredicting the intensity of the velocity fluctuations within the cavity flameholder. The hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulation results also overpredicted the velocity variances and covariances, unless a filtering operation was applied using a filter size that matched the control volume used to process the particle image velocimetry measurements. This observation suggests that a significant fraction of the turbulence energy was not resolved by the measurements. Taking this uncertainty into account, the second-order statistics extracted from the hybrid simulation strategy could not be shown to be any more accurate than the "best" Reynolds-averaged result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121316414; Baurle, R. A. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681 NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Aerospace Engineer, Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion Branch. Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 55 Issue 2, p524; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J055257
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Baurle, R. A.
T1  - Hybrid Reynolds-Averaged/Large-Eddy Simulation of a Scramjet Cavity Flameholder.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 55
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 544
EP  - 560
SN  - 00011452
AB  - Steady-state and scale-resolving simulations have been performed for flow in and around a model scramjet combustor flameholder. Experimental data available for this configuration include velocity statistics obtained from particle image velocimetry as well as a limited number of scalar measurements using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Several turbulence models were used for the steady-state Reynolds-averaged simulations, which included both linear and nonlinear eddy viscosity models. The scale-resolving simulations used a hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulation strategy that is designed to be a large-eddy simulation everywhere except in the inner portion (log layer and below) of the boundary layer. Hence, this formulation can be regarded as a wall-modeled large-eddy simulation. This effort was undertaken to not only assess the performance of the hybrid Reynolds-averaged/large-eddy simulation modeling approach in a flowfield of interest to the scramjet research community but also to begin to understand how this capability can best be used to augment standard Reynolds-averaged simulations. The numerical errors were quantified for the steady-state simulations and at least qualitatively assessed for the scale-resolving simulations before making any claims of predictive accuracy relative to the measurements. The steady-state Reynolds-averaged results displayed a high degree of variability when comparing the flameholder fuel distributions obtained from each turbulence model. This prompted the consideration of applying the higher-fidelity scale-resolving simulations as a surrogate "truth" model to calibrate the Reynolds-averaged closures in a nonreacting setting before their use for the combusting simulations. In general, the Reynolds-averaged velocity profile predictions at the lowest fueling level matched the particle imaging measurements almost as well as was observed for the nonreacting condition. However, the velocity field predictions proved to be more sensitive to the flameholder fueling rate than was indicated in the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIAA Journal is the property of American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121316415; Baurle, R. A. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Aerospace Engineer, Hypersonic Airbreathing Propulsion Branch. Associate Fellow AIAA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 55 Issue 2, p544; Number of Pages: 17p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J055339
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burns, Ross A.
AU  - Danehy, Paul M.
AU  - Halls, Benjamin R.
AU  - Naibo Jiang
T1  - Femtosecond Laser Electronic Excitation Tagging Velocimetry in a Transonic, Cryogenic Wind Tunnel.
JO  - AIAA Journal
JF  - AIAA Journal
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 55
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 680
EP  - 685
SN  - 00011452
N1  - Accession Number: 121316427; Burns, Ross A. 1,2 Danehy, Paul M. 1,3 Halls, Benjamin R. 4,5 Naibo Jiang 4,6; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia 23681  2: Research Engineer, National Institute of Aerospace. Member AIAA  3: Senior Researcher, Advanced Measurements and Data Systems Branch. Associate Fellow AIAA  4: Spectral Energies, LLC, Dayton, Ohio 45431  5: Research Engineer; currently Research Engineer, U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433. Member AIAA  6: Research Scientist. Senior Member AIAA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 55 Issue 2, p680; Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.2514/1.J055325
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cruikshank, Dale P.
T1  - Ewen Adair Whitaker 1922–2016.
JO  - Astronomy & Geophysics
JF  - Astronomy & Geophysics
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 58
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1.13
EP  - 1.13
SN  - 13668781
KW  - ASTRONOMERS
KW  - ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - ROYAL Greenwich Observatory
KW  - WHITAKER, Ewen
N1  - Accession Number: 120971524; Cruikshank, Dale P. 1; Email Address: dale.p.cruikshank@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, USA.; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 58 Issue 1, p1.13; Subject Term: ASTRONOMERS; Subject Term: ULTRAVIOLET spectroscopy; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Company/Entity: ROYAL Greenwich Observatory; People: WHITAKER, Ewen; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - J. P. Fonfría
AU  - J. Cernicharo
AU  - M. Agúndez
AU  - K. H. Hinkle
AU  - L. Wallace
AU  - M. J. Richter
T1  - The Abundance of C2H4 in the Circumstellar Envelope of IRC+10216.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/02//2/1/2017
VL  - 835
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - High spectral resolution mid-IR observations of ethylene () toward the AGB star IRC+10216 were obtained using the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES) at the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). 80 ro-vibrational lines from the 10.5 μm vibrational mode with J ≲ 30 were detected in absorption. The observed lines are divided into two groups with rotational temperatures of 105 and 400 K (warm and hot lines). The warm lines peak at ≃ −14 km s−1 with respect to the systemic velocity, suggesting that they are mostly formed outwards from . The hot lines are centered at −10 km s−1 indicating that they come from a shell between 10 and . 35% of the observed lines are unblended and can be fitted with a code developed to model the emission of a spherically symmetric circumstellar envelope. The analysis of several scenarios reveals that the abundance relative to H2 in the range 5−20R⋆ is on average and it could be as high as 1.1 × 10−7. Beyond , it is 8.2 × 10−8. The total column density is (6.5 ± 3.0) × 1015 cm−2. is found to be rotationally under local thermodynamical equilibrium (LTE) and vibrationally out of LTE. One of the scenarios that best reproduce the observations suggests that up to 25% of the molecules at could condense onto dust grains. This possible depletion would not significantly influence the gas acceleration although it could play a role in the surface chemistry on the dust grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASYMPTOTIC giant branch stars
KW  - ETHYLENE
KW  - HYDROCARBONS
KW  - DIPOLE moments
KW  - SOLAR system
N1  - Accession Number: 121081548; J. P. Fonfría 1 J. Cernicharo 1 M. Agúndez 1 K. H. Hinkle 2,3 L. Wallace 2,4 M. J. Richter 3,5; Affiliation:  1: Grupo de Astrofísica Molecular, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, Cantoblanco, E-28049, Madrid, Spain  2: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, Arizona, AZ 85726, USA  3: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  4: Deceased.  5: Department of Cell Biology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, U.S.A; Source Info: 2/1/2017, Vol. 835 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASYMPTOTIC giant branch stars; Subject Term: ETHYLENE; Subject Term: HYDROCARBONS; Subject Term: DIPOLE moments; Subject Term: SOLAR system; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325110 Petrochemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 324110 Petroleum Refineries; NAICS/Industry Codes: 211112 Natural Gas Liquid Extraction; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/196
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - R. Teague
AU  - D. Semenov
AU  - Th. Henning
AU  - T. Birnstiel
AU  - R. van Boekel
AU  - U. Gorti
AU  - S. Guilloteau
AU  - A. Dutrey
AU  - E. Chapillon
T1  - A Surface Density Perturbation in the TW Hydrae Disk at 95 au Traced by Molecular Emission.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/02//2/1/2017
VL  - 835
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present ALMA Cycle 2 observations at 0.″5 resolution of TW Hya of CS emission. The radial profile of the integrated line emission displays oscillatory features outward of 1.″5 ( au). A dip-like feature at 1.″6 is coincident in location, depth, and width with features observed in dust scattered light at near-infrared wavelengths. Using a thermochemical model indicative of TW Hya, gas-grain chemical modeling, and non-LTE radiative transfer, we demonstrate that such a feature can be reproduced with a surface density depression, consistent with the modeling performed for scattered-light observations of TW Hya. We further demonstrate that a gap in the dust distribution and dust opacity only cannot reproduce the observed CS feature. The outer enhancement at 3.″1 is identified as a region of intensified desorption due to enhanced penetration of the interstellar far-UV radiation at the exponential edge of the disk surface density, which intensifies the photochemical processing of gas and ices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - T Tauri stars
KW  - PROTOPLANETARY disks
KW  - SPACE interferometry
N1  - Accession Number: 121081516; R. Teague 1 D. Semenov 1 Th. Henning 1 T. Birnstiel 1 R. van Boekel 1 U. Gorti 2,3 S. Guilloteau 4,5 A. Dutrey 4,5 E. Chapillon 4,5,6; Affiliation:  1: Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  4: University Bordeaux, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France  5: CNRS, LAB, UMR 5804, F-33270 Floirac, France  6: IRAM, 300 rue de la Piscine, Domaine Universitaire, F-38406 Saint Martin d'Héres, France; Source Info: 2/1/2017, Vol. 835 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: T Tauri stars; Subject Term: PROTOPLANETARY disks; Subject Term: SPACE interferometry; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/228
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jeong, Ukkyo
AU  - Kim, Jhoon
AU  - Lee, Hanlim
AU  - Lee, Yun Gon
T1  - Assessing the effect of long-range pollutant transportation on air quality in Seoul using the conditional potential source contribution function method.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 150
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 44
SN  - 13522310
AB  - It is important to estimate the effects of the long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants for efficient and effective strategies to control air quality. In this study, the contributions of trans-boundary transport to the mean concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and PM 10 in Seoul, Korea from 2001 to 2014 were estimated based on the conditional potential source contribution function (CPSCF) method. Eastern China was found to be the major source of trans-boundary pollution in Seoul, but moderate sources were also located in northeastern China. The contribution of long-range transport from Japan was negligible. The spatial distributions of the potential source contribution function (PSCF) values of each pollutant showed reasonable consistency with their emission inventory and satellite products. The PSCF values of SO 2 and PM 10 from eastern China were higher than those of NO 2 and CO. The mean concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and PM 10 in Seoul for the period from 2001 to 2014 were 5.34, 37.0, and 619.1 ppb, and 57.4 4 μg/m 3 , respectively. The contributions of long-range transport to the mean concentrations of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and PM 10 in Seoul were 0.74, 3.4, and 39.0 ppb, and 12.1 μg/m 3 , respectively, which are 14%, 9%, 6%, and 21% of the mean concentrations, respectively. The annual mean concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 followed statistically significant increasing linear trends (0.5 and 1.6 ppb per decade, respectively), whereas the trends in the annual mean concentrations of CO and PM 10 were statistically insignificant. The trends in the ratio of the increased concentrations associated with long-range transport to the annual mean concentrations of the pollutants were statistically insignificant. However, the results indicate that the trans-boundary transport of SO 2 , NO 2 , CO, and PM 10 from eastern China consistently affected air quality in Seoul over the study period (2001–2014). Regionally, the effects of the long-range transport of pollutants from Beijing and Harbin-Changchun on air quality in Seoul have become more significant over this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AIR pollutants
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - AIR quality
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen dioxide
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC sulfur dioxide
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - SEOUL (Korea) -- Environmental conditions
KW  - CO
KW  - Long-range transport
KW  - NO 2
KW  - PM 10
KW  - Potential source contribution function
KW  - SO 2
N1  - Accession Number: 120225350; Jeong, Ukkyo 1,2 Kim, Jhoon 3,4; Email Address: jkim2@yonsei.ac.kr Lee, Hanlim 5 Lee, Yun Gon 6; Affiliation:  1: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA  2: Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA  3: Dept. of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea  4: On Sabbatical Leave at Harvard Smithonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA  5: Dept. of Spatial Information Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea  6: Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 150, p33; Subject Term: AIR pollutants; Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: AIR quality; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC nitrogen dioxide; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC sulfur dioxide; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: SEOUL (Korea) -- Environmental conditions; Author-Supplied Keyword: CO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-range transport; Author-Supplied Keyword: NO 2; Author-Supplied Keyword: PM 10; Author-Supplied Keyword: Potential source contribution function; Author-Supplied Keyword: SO 2; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.11.017
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Raykin, Julia
AU  - Forte, Taylor
AU  - Wang, Roy
AU  - Feola, Andrew
AU  - Samuels, Brian
AU  - Myers, Jerry
AU  - Mulugeta, Lealem
AU  - Nelson, Emily
AU  - Gleason, Rudy
AU  - Ethier, C.
T1  - Characterization of the mechanical behavior of the optic nerve sheath and its role in spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes.
JO  - Biomechanics & Modeling in Mechanobiology
JF  - Biomechanics & Modeling in Mechanobiology
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 16
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 33
EP  - 43
SN  - 16177959
AB  - Visual impairment and intracranial pressure (VIIP) syndrome is characterized by a number of permanent ophthalmic changes, including loss of visual function. It occurs in some astronauts during long-duration spaceflight missions. Thus, understanding the pathophysiology of VIIP is currently a major priority in space medicine research. It is hypothesized that maladaptive remodeling of the optic nerve sheath (ONS), in response to microgravity-induced elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP), contributes to VIIP. However, little is known about ONS biomechanics. In this study, we developed a custom mechanical testing system that allowed for unconfined lengthening, twisting, and circumferential distension of the porcine ONS during inflation and axial loading. Data were fit to a four-fiber family constitutive equation to extract material and structural parameters. Inflation testing showed a characteristic 'cross-over point' in the pressure-diameter curves under different axial loads in all samples that were tested; the cross-over pressure was $$10.3 \pm 0.95$$ mmHg ( $$\hbox {mean} \pm \hbox {SEM}$$ ). Large sample-to-sample variations were observed in the circumferential strain, while only modest variations were observed in the circumferential stress. Multiphoton microscopy revealed that the collagen fibers of the ONS were primarily oriented axially when the tissue was loaded. The existence of this cross-over behavior is expected to be neuroprotective, as it would avoid optic nerve compression during routine changes in gaze angle, so long as ICP was within the normal range. Including these observations into computational models of VIIP will help provide insight into the pathophysiology of VIIP and could help identify risk factors and potential interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Biomechanics & Modeling in Mechanobiology is the property of Springer Science & Business Media B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OPTIC nerve
KW  - ANATOMY
KW  - SPACE flight -- Physiological effect
KW  - VISION disorders -- Social aspects
KW  - VISION disorders
KW  - DIAGNOSIS
KW  - INTRACRANIAL pressure
KW  - OPHTHALMOLOGY
KW  - Biosolid mechanics
KW  - Constitutive model
KW  - Intracranial pressure
KW  - Optic nerve sheath
KW  - Spaceflight physiology
KW  - VIIP
N1  - Accession Number: 121042248; Raykin, Julia 1 Forte, Taylor 1 Wang, Roy 1 Feola, Andrew 1 Samuels, Brian 2 Myers, Jerry 3 Mulugeta, Lealem 4 Nelson, Emily 3 Gleason, Rudy Ethier, C.; Email Address: ross.ethier@bme.gatech.edu; Affiliation:  1: Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , 315 Ferst Dr. NW Atlanta 30332 USA  2: Department of Ophthalmology , University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center , Cleveland USA  4: Universities Space Research Association , Houston USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 16 Issue 1, p33; Subject Term: OPTIC nerve; Subject Term: ANATOMY; Subject Term: SPACE flight -- Physiological effect; Subject Term: VISION disorders -- Social aspects; Subject Term: VISION disorders; Subject Term: DIAGNOSIS; Subject Term: INTRACRANIAL pressure; Subject Term: OPHTHALMOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biosolid mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Constitutive model; Author-Supplied Keyword: Intracranial pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optic nerve sheath; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight physiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: VIIP; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1007/s10237-016-0800-7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dávila, Carlos G.
AU  - Bisagni, Chiara
T1  - Fatigue life and damage tolerance of postbuckled composite stiffened structures with initial delamination.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 161
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 84
SN  - 02638223
AB  - The durability and damage tolerance of postbuckled composite structures are issues that are not completely understood and remain difficult to predict due to the nonlinearity of the geometric response and its interaction with local damage modes. A research effort was undertaken to investigate experimentally the quasi-static and fatigue damage progression in single-stringer compression specimens. Three specimens were manufactured with a co-cured hat stringer, and an initial defect was introduced with a Teflon film inserted between one flange of the stringer and the skin. Pre-test finite element analyses were conducted using the virtual crack closure technique to select the range of defect sizes to be considered and the load levels to be applied during the fatigue tests. The tests were monitored with digital image correlation, passive thermography, and ultrasound systems. After an initial opening and extension of the Teflon-induced embedded defect, the specimens sustained a high number of cycles. It was observed that when the skin/stringer separation develops in the opposite flange, it propagates rapidly within a small number of cycles and causes the collapse of the specimen. These test results contribute to a better understanding of the complex response phenomena exhibited by postbuckled stiffened structures subjected to fatigue loads in the postbuckling range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
KW  - FATIGUE life (Materials science)
KW  - CONTINUUM damage mechanics
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - Composite structures
KW  - Damage tolerance
KW  - Delamination
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Postbuckling
KW  - Tests
N1  - Accession Number: 120226762; Dávila, Carlos G. 1; Email Address: Carlos.G.Davila@nasa.gov Bisagni, Chiara 2; Email Address: C.Bisagni@tudelft.nl; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Structural Mechanics and Concepts Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA  2: Delft University of Technology, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, 2629HS Delft, Netherlands; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 161, p73; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Subject Term: FATIGUE life (Materials science); Subject Term: CONTINUUM damage mechanics; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite structures; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage tolerance; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Postbuckling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tests; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stafoggia, Massimo
AU  - Schwartz, Joel
AU  - Badaloni, Chiara
AU  - Bellander, Tom
AU  - Alessandrini, Ester
AU  - Cattani, Giorgio
AU  - de' Donato, Francesca
AU  - Gaeta, Alessandra
AU  - Leone, Gianluca
AU  - Lyapustin, Alexei
AU  - Sorek-Hamer, Meytar
AU  - de Hoogh, Kees
AU  - Di, Qian
AU  - Forastiere, Francesco
AU  - Kloog, Itai
T1  - Estimation of daily PM10 concentrations in Italy (2006–2012) using finely resolved satellite data, land use variables and meteorology.
JO  - Environment International
JF  - Environment International
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 99
M3  - Article
SP  - 234
EP  - 244
SN  - 01604120
AB  - Health effects of air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM), have been widely investigated. However, most of the studies rely on few monitors located in urban areas for short-term assessments, or land use/dispersion modelling for long-term evaluations, again mostly in cities. Recently, the availability of finely resolved satellite data provides an opportunity to estimate daily concentrations of air pollutants over wide spatio-temporal domains. Italy lacks a robust and validated high resolution spatio-temporally resolved model of particulate matter. The complex topography and the air mixture from both natural and anthropogenic sources are great challenges difficult to be addressed. We combined finely resolved data on Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm, ground-level PM 10 measurements, land-use variables and meteorological parameters into a four-stage mixed model framework to derive estimates of daily PM 10 concentrations at 1-km2 grid over Italy, for the years 2006–2012. We checked performance of our models by applying 10-fold cross-validation (CV) for each year. Our models displayed good fitting, with mean CV-R2 = 0.65 and little bias (average slope of predicted VS observed PM 10 = 0.99). Out-of-sample predictions were more accurate in Northern Italy (Po valley) and large conurbations (e.g. Rome), for background monitoring stations, and in the winter season. Resulting concentration maps showed highest average PM 10 levels in specific areas (Po river valley, main industrial and metropolitan areas) with decreasing trends over time. Our daily predictions of PM 10 concentrations across the whole Italy will allow, for the first time, estimation of long-term and short-term effects of air pollution nationwide, even in areas lacking monitoring data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environment International is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PARTICULATE matter
KW  - AIR pollution
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL health
KW  - ENVIRONMENTAL risk
KW  - MIXTURES
KW  - Aerosol Optical Depth
KW  - Air pollution
KW  - Epidemiology
KW  - Exposure assessment
KW  - Particulate matter
KW  - Satellite
N1  - Accession Number: 121006026; Stafoggia, Massimo 1,2; Email Address: m.stafoggia@deplazio.it Schwartz, Joel 3 Badaloni, Chiara 1 Bellander, Tom 2,4 Alessandrini, Ester 1 Cattani, Giorgio 5 de' Donato, Francesca 1 Gaeta, Alessandra 5 Leone, Gianluca 5 Lyapustin, Alexei 6 Sorek-Hamer, Meytar 7,8 de Hoogh, Kees 9,10 Di, Qian 3 Forastiere, Francesco 1 Kloog, Itai 8; Affiliation:  1: Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Via C. Colombo 112, 00147 Rome, Italy  2: Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden  3: Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Cambridge, MA, USA  4: Stockholm County Council, Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden  5: Italian National Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, Rome, Italy  6: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD, USA  7: Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, Israel  8: Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel  9: Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland  10: University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 99, p234; Subject Term: PARTICULATE matter; Subject Term: AIR pollution; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL health; Subject Term: ENVIRONMENTAL risk; Subject Term: MIXTURES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol Optical Depth; Author-Supplied Keyword: Air pollution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Epidemiology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exposure assessment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Particulate matter; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellite; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.envint.2016.11.024
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Goordial, Jacqueline
AU  - Davila, Alfonso
AU  - Greer, Charles W.
AU  - Cannam, Rebecca
AU  - DiRuggiero, Jocelyne
AU  - McKay, Christopher P.
AU  - Whyte, Lyle G.
T1  - Comparative activity and functional ecology of permafrost soils and lithic niches in a hyper-arid polar desert.
JO  - Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Environmental Microbiology
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 19
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 443
EP  - 458
SN  - 14622912
AB  - Permafrost in the high elevation McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica ranks among the driest and coldest on Earth. Permafrost soils appear to be largely inhospitable to active microbial life, but sandstone lithic microhabitats contain a trophically simple but functional cryptoendolithic community. We used metagenomic sequencing and activity assays to examine the functional capacity of permafrost soils and cryptoendolithic communities in University Valley, one of the most extreme regions in the Dry Valleys. We found metagenomic evidence that cryptoendolithic microorganisms are adapted to the harsh environment and capable of metabolic activity at in situ temperatures, possessing a suite of stress response and nutrient cycling genes to fix carbon under the fluctuating conditions that the sandstone rock would experience during the summer months. We additionally identified genes involved in microbial competition and cooperation within the cryptoendolithic habitat. In contrast, permafrost soils have a lower richness of stress response genes, and instead the metagenome is enriched in genes involved with dormancy and sporulation. The permafrost soils also have a large presence of phage genes and genes involved in the recycling of cellular material. Our results underlie two different habitability conditions under extreme cold and dryness: the permafrost soil which is enriched in traits which emphasize survival and dormancy, rather than growth and activity; and the cryptoendolithic environment that selects for organisms capable of growth under extremely oligotrophic, arid and cold conditions. This study represents the first metagenomic interrogation of Antarctic permafrost and polar cryptoendolithic microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Environmental Microbiology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PERMAFROST ecosystems
KW  - NICHE (Ecology)
KW  - QUARRIES & quarrying
KW  - DESERT ecology
KW  - COMPARATIVE studies
N1  - Accession Number: 121388475; Goordial, Jacqueline 1 Davila, Alfonso 2 Greer, Charles W. 3 Cannam, Rebecca 1 DiRuggiero, Jocelyne 4 McKay, Christopher P. 2 Whyte, Lyle G. 1; Affiliation:  1: McGill University Macdonald Campus  2: NASA Ames Research Center  3: National Research Council Canada  4: John Hopkins University; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 19 Issue 2, p443; Subject Term: PERMAFROST ecosystems; Subject Term: NICHE (Ecology); Subject Term: QUARRIES & quarrying; Subject Term: DESERT ecology; Subject Term: COMPARATIVE studies; NAICS/Industry Codes: 212323 Sand and gravel mining and quarrying; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/1462-2920.13353
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jordan, A.P.
AU  - Stubbs, T.J.
AU  - Wilson, J.K.
AU  - Schwadron, N.A.
AU  - Spence, H.E.
T1  - The rate of dielectric breakdown weathering of lunar regolith in permanently shadowed regions.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 283
M3  - Article
SP  - 352
EP  - 358
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Large solar energetic particle events may cause dielectric breakdown in the upper 1 mm of regolith in permanently shadowed regions (PSRs). We estimate how the resulting breakdown weathering compares to meteoroid impact weathering. Although the SEP event rates measured by the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) are too low for breakdown to have significantly affected the regolith over the duration of the LRO mission, regolith gardened by meteoroid impacts has been exposed to SEPs for ∼10 6 yr. Therefore, we estimate that breakdown weathering’s production rate of vapor and melt in the coldest PSRs is up to 1.8 − 3.5 × 10 − 7 kg m − 2 yr − 1 , which is comparable to that produced by meteoroid impacts. Thus, in PSRs, up to 10–25% of the regolith may have been melted or vaporized by dielectric breakdown. Breakdown weathering could also be consistent with observations of the increased porosity (“fairy castles”) of PSR regolith. We also show that it is conceivable that breakdown-weathered material is present in Apollo soil samples. Consequently, breakdown weathering could be an important process within PSRs, and it warrants further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DIELECTRIC breakdown
KW  - LUNAR soil
KW  - SOLAR energetic particles
KW  - WEATHERING
KW  - TELESCOPES
KW  - Cosmic rays
KW  - Moon
KW  - Regoliths
N1  - Accession Number: 119787059; Jordan, A.P. 1,2; Email Address: a.p.jordan@unh.edu Stubbs, T.J. 2,3 Wilson, J.K. 1,2 Schwadron, N.A. 1,2 Spence, H.E. 1,2; Affiliation:  1: Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA  2: Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 283, p352; Subject Term: DIELECTRIC breakdown; Subject Term: LUNAR soil; Subject Term: SOLAR energetic particles; Subject Term: WEATHERING; Subject Term: TELESCOPES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cosmic rays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Moon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Regoliths; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333310 Commercial and service industry machinery manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 453999 All other miscellaneous store retailers (except beer and wine-making supplies stores); NAICS/Industry Codes: 333314 Optical Instrument and Lens Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.027
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Diosady, Laslo T.
AU  - Murman, Scott M.
T1  - Tensor-product preconditioners for higher-order space–time discontinuous Galerkin methods.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 330
M3  - Article
SP  - 296
EP  - 318
SN  - 00219991
AB  - A space–time discontinuous-Galerkin spectral-element discretization is presented for direct numerical simulation of the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. An efficient solution technique based on a matrix-free Newton–Krylov method is developed in order to overcome the stiffness associated with high solution order. The use of tensor-product basis functions is key to maintaining efficiency at high-order. Efficient preconditioning methods are presented which can take advantage of the tensor-product formulation. A diagonalized Alternating-Direction-Implicit (ADI) scheme is extended to the space–time discontinuous Galerkin discretization. A new preconditioner for the compressible Euler/Navier–Stokes equations based on the fast-diagonalization method is also presented. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of these preconditioners for the direct numerical simulation of subsonic turbulent flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALERKIN methods
KW  - SPACE-time mathematical models
KW  - DISCRETIZATION methods
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - STIFFNESS (Engineering)
KW  - Compressible Navier–Stokes
KW  - Discontinuous Galerkin
KW  - Higher-order
KW  - Preconditioning
KW  - Space–time
N1  - Accession Number: 120158488; Diosady, Laslo T. 1; Email Address: laslo.diosady@nasa.gov Murman, Scott M. 2; Email Address: scott.murman@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science & Technology Corp., NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA 94035, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA, 94035, United States; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 330, p296; Subject Term: GALERKIN methods; Subject Term: SPACE-time mathematical models; Subject Term: DISCRETIZATION methods; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Engineering); Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressible Navier–Stokes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Discontinuous Galerkin; Author-Supplied Keyword: Higher-order; Author-Supplied Keyword: Preconditioning; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space–time; Number of Pages: 23p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.11.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120158488&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Xu, Kuan-Man
AU  - Wong, Takmeng
AU  - Dong, Shengtao
AU  - Chen, Feng
AU  - Kato, Seiji
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Cloud object analysis of CERES Aqua observations of tropical and subtropical cloud regimes: Evolution of cloud object size distributions during the Madden–Julian Oscillation.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 188
M3  - Article
SP  - 148
EP  - 158
SN  - 00224073
AB  - In this study, we analyze cloud object data from the Aqua satellite between July 2006 and June 2010 that are matched with the real-time multivariate Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) index to examine the impact of MJO evolution on the evolutions of the size distributions of cloud object types. These types include deep convective (DC), cirrostratus, shallow cumulus, stratocumulus and overcast-stratus. A cloud object is a contiguous region of the earth with a single dominant cloud-system type. It is found that the cloud object size distributions of some phases depart greatly from the 8-phase combined distribution at large cloud-object diameters. The large-size group of cloud objects contributes to most of the temporal variations during the MJO evolution. For deep convective and cirrostratus cloud objects, there is a monotonic increase in both the number and footprint of large objects from the depressed to mature phases, which is attributed to the development and maturing of deep convection and anvils. The largest increase in the mean diameter during the mature phases that lasts to the early dissipating phase is related to growth of anvil clouds and is accompanied by moderate decreases in small-size objects. For shallow cumulus, the large objects decrease in number at the mature phases, but increase in number for both sizes before the mature phase. The opposite is true for the large overcast-stratus objects. The temporal evolution of large stratocumulus objects is similar to that of deep convective and cirrostratus object types except for peaking slightly earlier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEOROLOGICAL observations
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - PARTICLE size distribution
KW  - MADDEN-Julian oscillation
KW  - Aqua observations
KW  - CERES
KW  - Cloud regimes
KW  - Cloud size distribution
KW  - Madden-Julian Oscillation
N1  - Accession Number: 120409564; Xu, Kuan-Man 1; Email Address: Kuan-Man.Xu@nasa.gov Wong, Takmeng 1 Dong, Shengtao 2 Chen, Feng 2 Kato, Seiji 1 Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States  2: Science Systems and Applications, Inc., Hampton, VA, United States; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 188, p148; Subject Term: METEOROLOGICAL observations; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: PARTICLE size distribution; Subject Term: MADDEN-Julian oscillation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aqua observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: CERES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud regimes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cloud size distribution; Author-Supplied Keyword: Madden-Julian Oscillation; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.06.008
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jin, Zhonghai
AU  - Sun, Moguo
T1  - Errors in spectral fingerprints and their effects on climate fingerprinting accuracy in the solar spectrum.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 188
M3  - Article
SP  - 165
EP  - 175
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Using the Earth׳s reflected solar spectrum for climate change fingerprinting is an emerging research area. The spectral fingerprinting approach directly retrieves the changes in climate variables from the mean spectral data averaged across large space and time scales. To investigate this fingerprinting concept, we use ten years of satellite data to simulate the monthly and annual mean reflected solar spectra and the associated spectral fingerprints for different regions over the ocean. The interannual variations in the spectral data are derived and attributed to the interannual variations in the relevant climate variables. The fingerprinting retrieved changes in climate variables are then compared with the actual underlying variable changes from the observational data to evaluate the fingerprinting retrieval accuracy. Two important errors related to the fingerprinting approach, the nonlinearity error and the averaging error in the mean fingerprints, and their impact on the retrieval accuracy, are investigated. It is found that the averaging error increases but the nonlinearity error decreases as the region size increases. The averaging error has minimal effect on the fingerprinting retrieval accuracy in small regions but has more of an impact in large regions. In comparison, the effect of nonlinearity error on the retrieval accuracy decreases as the region size increases. It is also found that the fingerprinting retrieval accuracy is more sensitive to the nonlinearity error than to the averaging error. In addition, we compare the fingerprinting accuracy between using the monthly mean data and the annual mean data. The results show that on average higher retrieval accuracy is achieved when the annual mean data are used for the fingerprinting retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR spectra
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - FINGERPRINTS
KW  - NATURAL satellites
KW  - NONLINEAR systems
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - Climate change fingerprinting
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Spectral fingerprint
N1  - Accession Number: 120409569; Jin, Zhonghai 1,2; Email Address: Zhonghai.jin@nasa.gov Sun, Moguo 2,3; Affiliation:  1: Laboratory of Remote Sensing, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China  2: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, Virginia  3: Science Systems and Applications, 1 Enterprise PKWY, STE 200, Hampton VA23666, Virginia; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 188, p165; Subject Term: SOLAR spectra; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: FINGERPRINTS; Subject Term: NATURAL satellites; Subject Term: NONLINEAR systems; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Climate change fingerprinting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral fingerprint; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.06.029
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120409569&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhang, Taiping
AU  - Stackhouse, Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
T1  - A generalized formulation for downscaling data based on Fourier Transform and inversion: Mathematical rationale and application to the Max-Planck-Institute aerosol climatology data.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 188
M3  - Article
SP  - 176
EP  - 180
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Occasionally, a need arises to downscale a time series of data from a coarse temporal resolution to a finer one, a typical example being from monthly means to daily means. For this case, daily means derived as such are used as inputs of climatic or atmospheric models so that the model results may exhibit variance on the daily time scale and retain the monthly mean of the original data set without an abrupt change from the end of one month to the beginning of the next. Different methods have been developed which often need assumptions, free parameters and the solution of simultaneous equations. Here we derive a generalized formulation by means of Fourier transform and inversion so that it can be used to directly compute daily means from a series of an arbitrary number of monthly means. The formulation can be used to transform any coarse temporal resolution to a finer one. From the derived results, the original data can be recovered almost identically. As a real application, we use this method to derive the daily counterpart of the MAC-v1 aerosol climatology that provides monthly mean aerosol properties for 18 shortwave bands and 12 longwave bands for the years from 1860 to 2100. The derived daily means are to be used as inputs of the shortwave and longwave algorithms of the NASA GEWEX SRB project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DOWNSCALING (Climatology)
KW  - FOURIER transforms
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - ALGORITHMS
KW  - Aerosol climatology
KW  - Downscaling
KW  - Fourier transform
KW  - GEWEX SRB
N1  - Accession Number: 120409555; Zhang, Taiping 1; Email Address: Taiping.Zhang@NASA.gov Stackhouse, Paul W. 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Cox, Stephen J. 1 Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, One Enterprise Parkway, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666-5845, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681-2199, USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 188, p176; Subject Term: DOWNSCALING (Climatology); Subject Term: FOURIER transforms; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: ALGORITHMS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Aerosol climatology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Downscaling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fourier transform; Author-Supplied Keyword: GEWEX SRB; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.08.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lin, Bing
AU  - Min, Qilong
T1  - Optimal frequency selection of multi-channel O2-band different absorption barometric radar for air pressure measurements.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 188
M3  - Article
SP  - 188
EP  - 191
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Through theoretical analysis, optimal selection of frequencies for O 2 differential absorption radar systems on air pressure field measurements is achieved. The required differential absorption optical depth between a radar frequency pair is 0.5. With this required value and other considerations on water vapor absorption and the contamination of radio wave transmission, frequency pairs of present considered radar system are obtained. Significant impacts on general design of differential absorption remote sensing systems are expected from current results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - RADAR
KW  - AIR pressure -- Measurement
KW  - DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar
KW  - OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC water vapor
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC oxygen
N1  - Accession Number: 120409570; Lin, Bing 1; Email Address: bing.lin@nasa.gov Min, Qilong 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 188, p188; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: RADAR; Subject Term: AIR pressure -- Measurement; Subject Term: DIFFERENTIAL absorption lidar; Subject Term: OPTICAL depth (Astrophysics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC water vapor; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC oxygen; Number of Pages: 4p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.06.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Sun, Wenbo
AU  - Hu, Yongxiang
AU  - Weimer, Carl
AU  - Ayers, Kirk
AU  - Baize, Rosemary R.
AU  - Lee, Tsengdar
T1  - A FDTD solution of scattering of laser beam with orbital angular momentum by dielectric particles: Far-field characteristics.
JO  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
JF  - Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 188
M3  - Article
SP  - 200
EP  - 213
SN  - 00224073
AB  - Electromagnetic (EM) beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) may have great potential applications in communication technology and in remote sensing of the Earth-atmosphere system and outer planets. Study of their interaction with optical lenses and dielectric or metallic objects, or scattering of them by particles in the Earth-atmosphere system, is a necessary step to explore the advantage of the OAM EM beams. In this study, the 3-dimensional (3D) scattered-field (SF) finite-difference time domain (FDTD) technique with the convolutional perfectly matched layer (CPML) absorbing boundary conditions (ABC) is applied to calculate the scattering of the purely azimuthal (the radial mode number is assumed to be zero) Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beams with the OAM by dielectric particles. We found that for OAM beam׳s interaction with dielectric particles, the forward-scattering peak in the conventional phase function (P11) disappears, and light scattering peak occurs at a scattering angle of ~15° to 45°. The disappearance of forward-scattering peak means that, in laser communications most of the particle-scattered noise cannot enter the receiver, thus the received light is optimally the original OAM-encoded signal. This feature of the OAM beam also implies that in lidar remote sensing of the atmospheric particulates, most of the multiple-scattering energy will be off lidar sensors, and this may result in an accurate profiling of particle layers in the atmosphere or in the oceans by lidar, or even in the ground when a ground penetration radar (GPR) with the OAM is applied. This far-field characteristics of the scattered OAM light also imply that the optical theorem, which is derived from plane-parallel wave scattering case and relates the forward scattering amplitude to the total cross section of the scatterer, is invalid for the scattering of OAM beams by dielectric particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LASER beams -- Scattering
KW  - FDTD method
KW  - ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics)
KW  - MOLECULAR orbitals
KW  - DIELECTRICS
KW  - FRAUNHOFER region (Electromagnetism)
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC fields
KW  - Electromagnetic beams
KW  - Orbital angular momentum
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 120409549; Sun, Wenbo 1; Email Address: wenbo.sun-1@nasa.gov Hu, Yongxiang 2 Weimer, Carl 3 Ayers, Kirk 1 Baize, Rosemary R. 2 Lee, Tsengdar 4; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA 23666, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  3: Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corp., Boulder, CO 80301, USA  4: NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546, USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 188, p200; Subject Term: LASER beams -- Scattering; Subject Term: FDTD method; Subject Term: ANGULAR momentum (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: MOLECULAR orbitals; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; Subject Term: FRAUNHOFER region (Electromagnetism); Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electromagnetic beams; Author-Supplied Keyword: Orbital angular momentum; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Scattering; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2016.02.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120409549&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hung, Ching-cheh
AU  - Hurst, Janet
AU  - Santiago, Diana
AU  - Lizcano, Maricela
AU  - Kelly, Marisabel
T1  - Highly thermally conductive hexagonal boron nitride/alumina composite made from commercial hexagonal boron nitride.
JO  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the American Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 100
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 515
EP  - 519
SN  - 00027820
AB  - Hexagonal BN is an unusual material in that it is both highly thermally conductive as well as an electrical insulator. Additionally, hBN is also thermally stable in air. This unusual combination of properties makes hBN of significant interest for thermal management. Unfortunately, hBN is not easily consolidated into substrates without the addition of second phases which generally result in poorer thermal performance. This research investigates the potential to utilize this material to dissipate heat from high-voltage, high-power electrical devices. Specifically, a process to coat individual platelets of commercial hexagonal BN powder with a layer of amorphous aluminum oxide was developed. The coated hexagonal BN was then hot-pressed to form a highly thermally conductive substrate. The process to coat hexagonal BN platelets with aluminum oxide was accomplished by mixing hexagonal BN with AlCl3 containing some water, then evaporation of excess AlCl3 to form a Al, Cl, and O layer on hexagonal BN. This product was then heated in air to convert the surface layer into aluminum oxide. Following hot pressing to 1950°C and 10 ksi, the consolidated composite has through-plane and in-plane thermal conductivity of 14 and 157 W·(m·K)−1, respectively, at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the American Ceramic Society is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALUMINUM oxide
KW  - BORON nitride
KW  - HEXAGONAL crystal system
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMAL stability
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - alumina
KW  - boron nitride
KW  - composites
KW  - thermal conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 121248740; Hung, Ching-cheh 1 Hurst, Janet 1 Santiago, Diana 1 Lizcano, Maricela 1 Kelly, Marisabel 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials Chemistry and Physics Branch, Materials and Structures Division, Research and Engineering Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Glenn Research Center; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 100 Issue 2, p515; Subject Term: ALUMINUM oxide; Subject Term: BORON nitride; Subject Term: HEXAGONAL crystal system; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL stability; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: alumina; Author-Supplied Keyword: boron nitride; Author-Supplied Keyword: composites; Author-Supplied Keyword: thermal conductivity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327910 Abrasive Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331313 Alumina Refining and Primary Aluminum Production; Number of Pages: 5p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/jace.14638
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121248740&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Loehle, Stefan
AU  - Jenniskens, Peter
AU  - Böhrk, Hannah
AU  - Bauer, Thomas
AU  - Elsäβer, Henning
AU  - Sears, Derek W.
AU  - Zolensky, Michael E.
AU  - Shaddad, Muawia H.
T1  - Thermophysical properties of Almahata Sitta meteorites (asteroid 2008 TC3) for high-fidelity entry modeling.
JO  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
JF  - Meteoritics & Planetary Science
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 52
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 197
EP  - 205
SN  - 10869379
AB  - Asteroid 2008 TC3 was characterized in a unique manner prior to impacting Earth's atmosphere, making its October 7, 2008, impact a suitable field test for or validating the application of high-fidelity re-entry modeling to asteroid entry. The accurate modeling of the behavior of 2008 TC3 during its entry in Earth's atmosphere requires detailed information about the thermophysical properties of the asteroid's meteoritic materials at temperatures ranging from room temperature up to the point of ablation ( T ~ 1400 K). Here, we present measurements of the thermophysical properties up to these temperatures (in a 1 atm. pressure of argon) for two samples of the Almahata Sitta meteorites from asteroid 2008 TC3: a thick flat-faced ureilite suitably shaped for emissivity measurements and a thin flat-faced EL6 enstatite chondrite suitable for diffusivity measurements. Heat capacity was determined from the elemental composition and density from a 3-D laser scan of the sample. We find that the thermal conductivity of the enstatite chondrite material decreases more gradually as a function of temperature than expected, while the emissivity of the ureilitic material decreases at a rate of 9.5 × 10−5 K−1 above 770 K. The entry scenario is the result of the actual flight path being the boundary to the load the meteorite will be affected with when entering. An accurate heat load prediction depends on the thermophysical properties. Finally, based on these data, the breakup can be calculated accurately leading to a risk assessment for ground damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Meteoritics & Planetary Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - METEORITES -- Research
KW  - THERMOPHYSICAL properties
KW  - ACHONDRITES
KW  - CHONDRITES (Meteorites)
KW  - ENSTATITE
N1  - Accession Number: 121164568; Loehle, Stefan 1 Jenniskens, Peter 2,3 Böhrk, Hannah 4 Bauer, Thomas 5 Elsäβer, Henning 4 Sears, Derek W. 3 Zolensky, Michael E. 6 Shaddad, Muawia H. 7; Affiliation:  1: High Enthalpy Flow Diagnostics Group, Institute of Space Systems  2: SETI Institute, Carl Sagan Center  3: NASA Ames Research Center  4: DLR, Institute of Structures and Design  5: DLR, Institute of Technical Thermodynamics  6: ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center  7: Physics Department University of Khartoum; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 52 Issue 2, p197; Subject Term: METEORITES -- Research; Subject Term: THERMOPHYSICAL properties; Subject Term: ACHONDRITES; Subject Term: CHONDRITES (Meteorites); Subject Term: ENSTATITE; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/maps.12788
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121164568&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wakeford, H. R.
AU  - Visscher, C.
AU  - Lewis, N. K.
AU  - Kataria, T.
AU  - Marley, M. S.
AU  - Fortney, J. J.
AU  - Mandell, A. M.
T1  - High-temperature condensate clouds in super-hot Jupiter atmospheres.
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2017/02//2/1/2017
VL  - 464
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 4247
EP  - 4254
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Deciphering the role of clouds is central to our understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, as they have a direct impact on the temperature and pressure structure, and observational properties of the planet. Super-hot Jupiters occupy a temperature regime similar to low-mass M-dwarfs, where minimal cloud condensation is expected. However, observations of exoplanets such as WASP-12b (Teq ~ 2500 K) result in a transmission spectrum indicative of a cloudy atmosphere. We re-examine the temperature and pressure space occupied by these super-hot Jupiter atmospheres, to explore the role of the initial Al- and Ti-bearing condensates as the main source of cloud material. Due to the high temperatures, a majority of the more common refractory material is not depleted into deeper layers and would remain in the vapour phase. The lack of depletion into deeper layers means that these materials with relatively low cloud masses can become significant absorbers in the upper atmosphere. We provide condensation curves for the initial Al- and Ti-bearing condensates which may be used to provide quantitative estimates of the effect of metallicity on cloud masses, as planets with metal-rich hosts potentially form more opaque clouds because more mass is available for condensation. Increased metallicity also pushes the point of condensation to hotter, deeper layers in the planetary atmosphere further increasing the density of the cloud. We suggest that planets around metal-rich hosts are more likely to have thick refractory clouds, and discuss the implication on the observed spectra of WASP-12b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MOLECULAR clouds
KW  - JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - COSMOLOGY
KW  - planets and satellites: atmospheres
KW  - planets and satellites: individual: WASP-12b
N1  - Accession Number: 120347556; Wakeford, H. R. 1; Email Address: hannah.wakeford@nasa.gov Visscher, C. 2; Email Address: channon.visscher@dordt.edu Lewis, N. K. 3; Email Address: lewis@stsci.edu Kataria, T. 4 Marley, M. S. 5 Fortney, J. J. 6 Mandell, A. M. 1; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Systems Lab, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  2: Department of Chemistry, Dordt College, Sioux Center, IA 51250, USA  3: Space Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  4: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; Source Info: 2/1/2017, Vol. 464 Issue 4, p4247; Subject Term: MOLECULAR clouds; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet) -- Atmosphere; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: planets and satellites: individual: WASP-12b; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw2639
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120347556&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Werneth, C.M.
AU  - Xu, X.
AU  - Norman, R.B.
AU  - Ford, W.P.
AU  - Maung, K.M.
T1  - Validation of elastic cross section models for space radiation applications.
JO  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
JF  - Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 392
M3  - Article
SP  - 74
EP  - 93
SN  - 0168583X
AB  - The space radiation field is composed of energetic particles that pose both acute and long-term risks for astronauts in low earth orbit and beyond. In order to estimate radiation risk to crew members, the fluence of particles and biological response to the radiation must be known at tissue sites. Given that the spectral fluence at the boundary of the shielding material is characterized, radiation transport algorithms may be used to find the fluence of particles inside the shield and body, and the radio-biological response is estimated from experiments and models. The fidelity of the radiation spectrum inside the shield and body depends on radiation transport algorithms and the accuracy of the nuclear cross sections. In a recent study, self-consistent nuclear models based on multiple scattering theory that include the option to study relativistic kinematics were developed for the prediction of nuclear cross sections for space radiation applications. The aim of the current work is to use uncertainty quantification to ascertain the validity of the models as compared to a nuclear reaction database and to identify components of the models that can be improved in future efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research Section B is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELASTIC cross sections
KW  - ASTROPHYSICAL radiation
KW  - SOLAR energetic particles
KW  - ELECTROMAGNETIC spectrum
KW  - RELATIVISTIC kinematics
KW  - Elastic differential cross section
KW  - Lippmann–Schwinger equation
KW  - Reaction cross section
KW  - Uncertainty quantification
N1  - Accession Number: 120444219; Werneth, C.M. 1; Email Address: charles.m.werneth@nasa.gov Xu, X. 2 Norman, R.B. 1 Ford, W.P. 3 Maung, K.M. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, United States  2: National Institute of Aerospace, United States  3: The University of Tennessee, United States  4: The University of Southern Mississippi, United States; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 392, p74; Subject Term: ELASTIC cross sections; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICAL radiation; Subject Term: SOLAR energetic particles; Subject Term: ELECTROMAGNETIC spectrum; Subject Term: RELATIVISTIC kinematics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Elastic differential cross section; Author-Supplied Keyword: Lippmann–Schwinger equation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Reaction cross section; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty quantification; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.nimb.2016.12.009
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120444219&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Qazuya WADA
AU  - Masahiro TSUJIMOTO
AU  - Ken EBISAWA
AU  - Takayuki HAYASHI
T1  - A systematic X-ray study of the dwarf novae observed with Suzaku.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 69
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 16
SN  - 00046264
AB  - X-ray behavior of the dwarf novae (DNe) outside the quiescent state has not been fully understood. We thus assembled 21 data sets of the 15 DNe observed by the Suzaku satellite by the end of 2013, which include spectra taken during not only the quiescence, but also the transitional, outburst, and super-outburst states. Starting with the traditional cooling flow model to explain the X-ray emission from the boundary layer, we made several modifications to account for the observed spectra. As a result, we found that the best-fitting spectral model depends strongly on the state of the DNe with only a few exceptions. Spectra in the quiescent state are explained by the cooling flow model plus a Fe fluorescent line emission attenuated by an interstellar extinction. Spectra in the transitional state require an additional partial covering extinction. Spectra in the outburst and super-outburst state require additional low-temperature thin-thermal plasma component(s). Spectra in the super-outburst state further require a high value of minimum temperature for the boundary layer. We present an interpretation on the required modifications to the cooling flow model for each state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF novae
KW  - X-ray astronomy
KW  - CATACLYSMIC variable stars
KW  - INTERSTELLAR reddening
KW  - PLASMA flow
KW  - binaries: close
KW  - novae, cataclysmic variables
KW  - stars: dwarf novae
KW  - X-rays: stars
N1  - Accession Number: 121107511; Qazuya WADA 1,2; Email Address: wada@astro.isas.jaxa.jp Masahiro TSUJIMOTO 1 Ken EBISAWA 1,2 Takayuki HAYASHI 3,4; Affiliation:  1: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, 3-1-1 Yoshino-dai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5210, Japan  2: Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  3: Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 69 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DWARF novae; Subject Term: X-ray astronomy; Subject Term: CATACLYSMIC variable stars; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR reddening; Subject Term: PLASMA flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: binaries: close; Author-Supplied Keyword: novae, cataclysmic variables; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: dwarf novae; Author-Supplied Keyword: X-rays: stars; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/pasj/psw114
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121107511&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Paul D. Nuñez
AU  - Theo ten Brummelaar
AU  - Bertrand Mennesson
AU  - Nicholas J. Scott
T1  - Visibility Estimation for the CHARA/JouFLU Exozodi Survey.
JO  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
JF  - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 129
IS  - 972
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00046280
AB  - We discuss the estimation of the interferometric visibility (fringe contrast) for the Exozodi survey conducted at the CHARA array with the JouFLU beam combiner. We investigate the use of the statistical median to estimate the uncalibrated visibility from an ensemble of fringe exposures. Under a broad range of operating conditions, numerical simulations indicate that this estimator has a smaller bias compared with other estimators. We also propose an improved method for calibrating visibilities, which not only takes into account the time interval between observations of calibrators and science targets, but also the uncertainties of the calibrators’ raw visibilities. We test our methods with data corresponding to stars that do not display the exozodi phenomenon. The results of our tests show that the proposed method yields smaller biases and errors. The relative reduction in bias and error is generally modest, but can be as high as for the brightest stars of the CHARA data and statistically significant at the 95% confidence level (CL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - INTERFEROMETRY
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - CALIBRATION
N1  - Accession Number: 120537946; Paul D. Nuñez 1; Email Address: paul.nunez@jpl.nasa.gov Theo ten Brummelaar 2 Bertrand Mennesson 3 Nicholas J. Scott 2,4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA  2: The CHARA Array, Mount Wilson Observatory, Mount Wilson, CA 91023, USA  3: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 129 Issue 972, p1; Subject Term: INTERFEROMETRY; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: CALIBRATION; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1538-3873/129/972/024002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120537946&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Graydon, Patrick J.
AU  - Holloway, C. Michael
T1  - An investigation of proposed techniques for quantifying confidence in assurance arguments.
JO  - Safety Science
JF  - Safety Science
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 92
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 65
SN  - 09257535
AB  - The use of safety cases in certification raises the question of assurance argument sufficiency and the issue of confidence (or uncertainty) in the argument’s claims. Some researchers propose to model confidence quantitatively and to calculate confidence in argument conclusions. We know of little evidence to suggest that any proposed technique would deliver trustworthy results when implemented by system safety practitioners. Proponents do not usually assess the efficacy of their techniques through controlled experiment or historical study. Instead, they present an illustrative example where the calculation delivers a plausible result. In this paper, we review current proposals, claims made about them, and evidence advanced in favor of them. We then show that proposed techniques can deliver implausible results in some cases. We conclude that quantitative confidence techniques require further validation before they should be recommended as part of the basis for deciding whether an assurance argument justifies fielding a critical system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Safety Science is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONFIDENCE testing
KW  - SYSTEM safety
KW  - ACCIDENT prevention
KW  - PLAUSIBILITY (Logic)
KW  - UNCERTAINTY (Information theory)
KW  - SYSTEMS engineering
KW  - Assurance argument
KW  - Confidence
KW  - Safety case
KW  - Uncertainty
N1  - Accession Number: 119582561; Graydon, Patrick J. 1; Email Address: patrick.j.graydon@nasa.gov Holloway, C. Michael 1; Affiliation:  1: Mail Stop 130, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 92, p53; Subject Term: CONFIDENCE testing; Subject Term: SYSTEM safety; Subject Term: ACCIDENT prevention; Subject Term: PLAUSIBILITY (Logic); Subject Term: UNCERTAINTY (Information theory); Subject Term: SYSTEMS engineering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Assurance argument; Author-Supplied Keyword: Confidence; Author-Supplied Keyword: Safety case; Author-Supplied Keyword: Uncertainty; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.09.014
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119582561&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Aller, Josh
AU  - Swain, Nolan
AU  - Baber, Michael
AU  - Tatar, Greg
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan
AU  - Gannon, Paul
T1  - Influence of silicon on high-temperature (600 °C) chlorosilane interactions with iron.
JO  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
JF  - Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
Y1  - 2017/02//
VL  - 160
M3  - Article
SP  - 410
EP  - 417
SN  - 09270248
AB  - High-temperature (>500 °C) chlorosilane gas streams are prevalent in the manufacture of polycrystalline silicon, the feedstock for silicon-based solar panels and electronics. This study investigated the influence of metallurgical grade silicon on the corrosion behavior of pure iron in these types of environments. The experiment included exposing pure iron samples at 600 °C to a silicon tetrachloride/hydrogen input gas mixture with and without embedding the samples in silicon. The samples in a packed bed of silicon had significantly higher mass gains compared to samples not in a packed bed. Comparison to diffusion studies suggest that the increase in mass gain of embedded samples is due to a higher silicon activity from the gas phase reaction with silicon. The experimental results were supported by chemical equilibrium calculations which showed that more-active trichlorosilane and dichlorosilane species are formed from silicon tetrachloride in silicon packed bed conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SOLAR cells
KW  - SILICON
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - CHLOROSILANES
KW  - IRON
KW  - POLYCRYSTALLINE silicon
KW  - Chlorosilane
KW  - Corrosion
KW  - EDS Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy
KW  - FEM Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
KW  - H 2 SiCl 2 DCS, Dichlorosilane
KW  - HSiCl 3 TCS, Trichlorosilane
KW  - Iron
KW  - Iron silicide
KW  - MG-Si Metallurgical Grade Silicon
KW  - SiCl 4 STC, Silicon Tetrachloride
KW  - Silicon
KW  - Silicon tetrachloride
KW  - XRD X-Ray Diffraction
N1  - Accession Number: 119928073; Aller, Josh 1; Email Address: Josh.aller@yahoo.com Swain, Nolan 2 Baber, Michael 1 Tatar, Greg 2 Jacobson, Nathan 3 Gannon, Paul 2; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA  2: Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 160, p410; Subject Term: SOLAR cells; Subject Term: SILICON; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: CHLOROSILANES; Subject Term: IRON; Subject Term: POLYCRYSTALLINE silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chlorosilane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Corrosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: EDS Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: FEM Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope; Author-Supplied Keyword: H 2 SiCl 2 DCS, Dichlorosilane; Author-Supplied Keyword: HSiCl 3 TCS, Trichlorosilane; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron; Author-Supplied Keyword: Iron silicide; Author-Supplied Keyword: MG-Si Metallurgical Grade Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiCl 4 STC, Silicon Tetrachloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silicon tetrachloride; Author-Supplied Keyword: XRD X-Ray Diffraction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 416210 Metal service centres; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 327992 Ground or Treated Mineral and Earth Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334410 Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334413 Semiconductor and Related Device Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.solmat.2016.11.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119928073&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ann Marie Cody
AU  - Lynne A. Hillenbrand
AU  - Trevor J. David
AU  - John M. Carpenter
AU  - Mark E. Everett
AU  - Steve B. Howell
T1  - A Continuum of Accretion Burst Behavior in Young Stars Observed by K2.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/02/10/
VL  - 836
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present 29 likely members of the young ρ Oph or Upper Sco regions of recent star formation that exhibit “accretion burst” type light curves in K2 time series photometry. The bursters were identified by visual examination of their ∼80-day light curves, though all satisfy the flux asymmetry criterion for burst behavior defined by Cody et al. The burst sources represent ≈9% of cluster members with strong infrared excess indicative of circumstellar material. Higher amplitude burster behavior is correlated with larger inner disk infrared excesses, as inferred from WISE color. The burst sources are also outliers in their large Hα emission equivalent widths. No distinction between bursters and non-bursters is seen in stellar properties such as multiplicity or spectral type. The frequency of bursters is similar between the younger, more compact ρ Oph region, and the older, more dispersed Upper Sco region. The bursts exhibit a range of shapes, amplitudes (∼10%–700%), durations (∼1–10 days), repeat timescales (∼3–80 days), and duty cycles (∼10%–100%). Our results provide important input to models of magnetospheric accretion, in particular, by elucidating the properties of accretion-related variability in the low state between major longer duration events such as EX Lup and FU Ori type accretion outbursts. We demonstrate the broad continuum of accretion burst behavior in young stars—extending the phenomenon to lower amplitudes and shorter timescales than traditionally considered in the theory of pre-main sequence accretion history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Observations
KW  - ACCRETION (Astrophysics)
KW  - STARBURSTS (Astronomy)
KW  - STELLAR spectrophotometry
KW  - STARS -- Color
N1  - Accession Number: 121262385; Ann Marie Cody 1 Lynne A. Hillenbrand 2 Trevor J. David 2 John M. Carpenter 2,3 Mark E. Everett 4 Steve B. Howell 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  3: Current address: Joint ALMA Observatory, Av. Alonso de Córdova 3107, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile.  4: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Source Info: 02/10/2017, Vol. 836 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STARS -- Observations; Subject Term: ACCRETION (Astrophysics); Subject Term: STARBURSTS (Astronomy); Subject Term: STELLAR spectrophotometry; Subject Term: STARS -- Color; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/41
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121262385&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - G. M. Harper
AU  - C. DeWitt
AU  - M. J. Richter
AU  - T. K. Greathouse
AU  - N. Ryde
AU  - E. F. Guinan
AU  - E. O’Gorman
AU  - W. D. Vacca
T1  - SOFIA-EXES Mid-IR Observations of Emission from the Extended Atmosphere of Betelgeuse.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/02/10/
VL  - 836
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present a NASA-DLR SOFIA-Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (EXES) and NASA Infrared Telescope Facility-Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES) mid-IR spectral study of forbidden Fe ii transitions in the early-type M supergiants, Betelgeuse (α Ori: M2 Iab) and Antares (α Sco: M1 Iab + B3 V). With EXES, we spectrally resolve the ground term [Fe ii] 25.99 μm (: K) emission from Betelgeuse. We find a small centroid blueshift of 1.9 ± 0.4 that is a significant fraction (20%) of the current epoch wind speed, with a FWHM of 14.3 ± 0.1 . The TEXES observations of [Fe ii] 17.94 μm (: K) show a broader FWHM of 19.1 ± 0.2 , consistent with previous observations, and a small redshift of 1.6 ± 0.6 with respect to the adopted stellar center-of-mass velocity of . To produce [Fe ii] 25.99 μm blueshifts of 20% wind speed requires that the emission arises closer to the star than existing thermal models for α Ori’s circumstellar envelope predict. This implies a more rapid wind cooling to below 500 K within ( mas, dist = 200 pc) of the star, where the wind has also reached a significant fraction of the maximum wind speed. The line width is consistent with the turbulence in the outflow being close to the hydrogen sound speed. EXES observations of [Fe ii] 22.90 μm (: K) reveal no emission from either star. These findings confirm the dominance of cool plasma in the mixed region where hot chromospheric plasma emits copiously in the UV, and they also constrain the wind heating produced by the poorly understood mechanisms that drive stellar outflows from these low variability and weak-dust signature stars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STELLAR winds
KW  - STELLAR chromospheres
KW  - STELLAR masses
KW  - STELLAR spectra
KW  - SPEED of sound
KW  - BETELGEUSE
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121262382; G. M. Harper 1; Email Address: graham.harper@colorado.edu C. DeWitt 2 M. J. Richter 2 T. K. Greathouse 3,4 N. Ryde 5 E. F. Guinan 6 E. O’Gorman 7 W. D. Vacca 8; Affiliation:  1: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  2: University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA  4: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract NNH14CK55B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.  5: Lund University, Lund, Sweden  6: Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA  7: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, Dublin 2, Ireland  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: 02/10/2017, Vol. 836 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: STELLAR winds; Subject Term: STELLAR chromospheres; Subject Term: STELLAR masses; Subject Term: STELLAR spectra; Subject Term: SPEED of sound; Subject Term: BETELGEUSE; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/22
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121262382&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.
AU  - Venturelli, Davide
AU  - Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro
AU  - Knysh, Sergey
AU  - Dykman, Mark I.
T1  - Quantum Annealing via Environment-Mediated Quantum Diffusion.
JO  - Physical Review Letters
JF  - Physical Review Letters
Y1  - 2017/02/10/
VL  - 118
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00319007
AB  - We show that quantum diffusion near a quantum critical point can provide an efficient mechanism of quantum annealing. It is based on the diffusion-mediated recombination of excitations in open systems far from thermal equilibrium. We find that, for an Ising spin chain coupled to a bosonic bath and driven by a monotonically decreasing transverse field, excitation diffusion sharply slows down below the quantum critical region. This leads to spatial correlations and effective freezing of the excitation density. Still, obtaining an approximate solution of an optimization problem via the diffusion-mediated quantum annealing can be faster than via closed-system quantum annealing or Glauber dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review Letters is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM annealing
KW  - DIFFUSION
KW  - CRITICAL point
KW  - SMELYANSKIY, Vadim N.
KW  - VENTURELLI, Davide
KW  - PERDOMO-Ortiz, Alejandro
KW  - KNYSH, Sergey
KW  - DYKMAN, Mark I.
KW  - PHYSICAL Review Letters (Periodical)
N1  - Accession Number: 121345560; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N. 1; Email Address: smelyan@google.com Venturelli, Davide 2,3 Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro 2,3 Knysh, Sergey 3,4 Dykman, Mark I. 5; Email Address: dykman@pa.msu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Google, Venice, California 90291, USA  2: USRA Research Institute for Advanced Computer Science (RIACS), Mountain View, California 94043, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, California 94035-1000, USA  4: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400, Greenbelt, Maryland 20770, USA  5: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824-2320, USA; Source Info: 2/10/2017, Vol. 118 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM annealing; Subject Term: DIFFUSION; Subject Term: CRITICAL point; Reviews & Products: PHYSICAL Review Letters (Periodical); People: SMELYANSKIY, Vadim N.; People: VENTURELLI, Davide; People: PERDOMO-Ortiz, Alejandro; People: KNYSH, Sergey; People: DYKMAN, Mark I.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.066802
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121345560&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nguyen, Thao T.T.
AU  - Kundan, Akshay
AU  - Jr.Wayner, Peter C.
AU  - Plawsky, Joel L.
AU  - Chao, David F.
AU  - Sicker, Ronald J.
T1  - Experimental study of the heated contact line region for a pure fluid and binary fluid mixture in microgravity.
JO  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
JF  - Journal of Colloid & Interface Science
Y1  - 2017/02/15/
VL  - 488
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
EP  - 60
SN  - 00219797
AB  - Understanding the dynamics of phase change heat and mass transfer in the three-phase contact line region is a critical step toward improving the efficiency of phase change processes. Phase change becomes especially complicated when a fluid mixture is used. In this paper, a wickless heat pipe was operated on the International Space Station (ISS) to study the contact line dynamics of a pentane/isohexane mixture. Different interfacial regions were identified, compared, and studied. Using high resolution (50×), interference images, we calculated the curvature gradient of the liquid-vapor interface at the contact line region along the edges of the heat pipe. We found that the curvature gradient in the evaporation region increases with increasing heat flux magnitude and decreasing pentane concentration. The curvature gradient for the mixture case is larger than for the pure pentane case. The difference between the two cases increases as pentane concentration decreases. Our data showed that the curvature gradient profile within the evaporation section is separated into two regions with the boundary between the two corresponding to the location of a thick, liquid, “central drop” region at the point of maximum internal local heat flux. We found that the curvature gradients at the central drop and on the flat surfaces where condensation begins are one order of magnitude smaller than the gradients in the corner meniscus indicating the driving forces for fluid flow are much larger in the corners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Colloid & Interface Science is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BINARY mixtures
KW  - MICROGRAVITY method
KW  - COMPLEX fluids
KW  - PROSPECTING -- Geophysical methods
KW  - Concentration
KW  - Contact line region
KW  - Heat pipe
KW  - Ideal liquid mixture
KW  - INTERNATIONAL Space Station
N1  - Accession Number: 119846969; Nguyen, Thao T.T. 1; Email Address: nguyen.thaoche@gmail.com Kundan, Akshay 1; Email Address: akshaykundan@gmail.com Jr.Wayner, Peter C. 1; Email Address: wayner@rpi.edu Plawsky, Joel L. 1; Email Address: plawsky@rpi.edu Chao, David F. 2; Email Address: david.f.chao@nasa.gov Sicker, Ronald J. 2; Email Address: ronald.j.sicker@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: The Howard P. Isermann Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 488, p48; Subject Term: BINARY mixtures; Subject Term: MICROGRAVITY method; Subject Term: COMPLEX fluids; Subject Term: PROSPECTING -- Geophysical methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Concentration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Contact line region; Author-Supplied Keyword: Heat pipe; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ideal liquid mixture; Company/Entity: INTERNATIONAL Space Station; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.10.082
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=119846969&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Yamaleev, Nail K.
AU  - Carpenter, Mark H.
T1  - A family of fourth-order entropy stable nonoscillatory spectral collocation schemes for the 1-D Navier–Stokes equations.
JO  - Journal of Computational Physics
JF  - Journal of Computational Physics
Y1  - 2017/02/15/
VL  - 331
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 107
SN  - 00219991
AB  - High-order numerical methods that satisfy a discrete analog of the entropy inequality are uncommon. Indeed, no proofs of nonlinear entropy stability currently exist for high-order weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) finite volume or weak-form finite element methods. Herein, a new family of fourth-order WENO spectral collocation schemes is developed, that are nonlinearly entropy stable for the one-dimensional compressible Navier–Stokes equations. Individual spectral elements are coupled using penalty type interface conditions. The resulting entropy stable WENO spectral collocation scheme achieves design order accuracy, maintains the WENO stencil biasing properties across element interfaces, and satisfies the summation-by-parts (SBP) operator convention, thereby ensuring nonlinear entropy stability in a diagonal norm. Numerical results demonstrating accuracy and nonoscillatory properties of the new scheme are presented for the one-dimensional Euler and Navier–Stokes equations for both continuous and discontinuous compressible flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Computational Physics is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENTROPY
KW  - SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - NONLINEAR theories
KW  - COMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Entropy stability
KW  - Spectral collocation methods
KW  - Summation-by-parts (SBP) operators
KW  - The Navier–Stokes equations
KW  - Weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes
N1  - Accession Number: 120406558; Yamaleev, Nail K. 1; Email Address: nyamalee@odu.edu Carpenter, Mark H. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: Feb2017, Vol. 331, p90; Subject Term: ENTROPY; Subject Term: SPECTRAL theory (Mathematics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: NONLINEAR theories; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Entropy stability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectral collocation methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Summation-by-parts (SBP) operators; Author-Supplied Keyword: The Navier–Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Weighted essentially nonoscillatory (WENO) schemes; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jcp.2016.11.039
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120406558&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Generazio, E. R.
T1  - Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/16/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The technology and methods for remote quantitative imaging of electrostatic potentials and electrostatic fields in and around objects and in free space is presented. Electric field imaging (EFI) technology may be applied to characterize intrinsic or existing electric potentials and electric fields, or an externally generated electrostatic field made be used for "illuminating" volumes to be inspected with EFI. The baseline sensor technology (e-Sensor) and its construction, optional electric field generation (quasi-static generator), and current e-Sensor enhancements (ephemeral e-Sensor) are discussed. Demonstrations for structural, electronic, human, and memory applications are shown. This new EFI capability is demonstrated to reveal characterization of electric charge distribution creating a new field of study embracing areas of interest including electrostatic discharge (ESD) mitigation, crime scene forensics, design and materials selection for advanced sensors, dielectric morphology of structures, tether integrity, organic molecular memory, and medical diagnostic and treatment efficacy applications such as cardiac polarization wave propagation and electromyography imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTROSTATIC discharges
KW  - LIGHT propagation
KW  - ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
N1  - Accession Number: 121317547; Generazio, E. R. 1; Email Address: edward.r.generazio@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2/16/2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTROSTATIC discharges; Subject Term: LIGHT propagation; Subject Term: ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974566
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121317547&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara A. C.
AU  - Juarez, Peter D.
T1  - Simulation of Guided Wave Interaction with In-Plane Fiber Waviness.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/16/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Reducing the timeline for certification of composite materials and enabling the expanded use of advanced composite materials for aerospace applications are two primary goals of NASA's Advanced Composites Project (ACP). A key a technical challenge area for accomplishing these goals is the development of rapid composite inspection methods with improved defect characterization capabilities. Ongoing work at NASA Langley is focused on expanding ultrasonic simulation capabilities for composite materials. Simulation tools can be used to guide the development of optimal inspection methods. Custom code based on elastodynamic finite integration technique is currently being developed and implemented to study ultrasonic wave interaction with manufacturing defects, such as in-plane fiber waviness (marcelling). This paper describes details of validation comparisons performed to enable simulation of guided wave propagation in composites containing fiber waviness. Simulation results for guided wave interaction with in-plane fiber waviness are also discussed. The results show that the wavefield is affected by the presence of waviness on both the surface containing fiber waviness, as well as the opposite surface to the location of waviness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AEROSPACE industries
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - LIGHT propagation
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121317545; Leckey, Cara A. C. 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov Juarez, Peter D. 1; Email Address: peter.d.juarez@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681 USA; Source Info: 2/16/2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: AEROSPACE industries; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: LIGHT propagation; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336419 Other Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336415 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Propulsion Unit and Propulsion Unit Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336413 Other Aircraft Parts and Auxiliary Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336412 Aircraft Engine and Engine Parts Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334511 Search, Detection, Navigation, Guidance, Aeronautical, and Nautical System and Instrument Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336411 Aircraft Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974564
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121317545&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Romanov, Volodymyr
AU  - Burke, Eric
AU  - Grubsky, Victor
T1  - Compton Imaging Tomography for Nondestructive Evaluation of Spacecraft Thermal Protection Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/16/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Here we present new results of in situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of spacecraft thermal protection system materials obtained with POC-developed NDE tool based on a novel Compton Imaging Tomography (CIT) technique recently pioneered and patented by Physical Optics Corporation (POC). In general, CIT provides high-resolution threedimensional Compton scattered X-ray imaging of the internal structure of evaluated objects, using a set of acquired twodimensional Compton scattered X-ray images of consecutive cross sections of these objects. Unlike conventional computed tomography, CIT requires only one-sided access to objects, has no limitation on the dimensions and geometry of the objects, and can be applied to large multilayer non-uniform objects with complicated geometries. Also, CIT does not require any contact with the objects being imaged during its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - COMPUTED tomography
KW  - COMPTON effect
KW  - THREE-dimensional imaging
N1  - Accession Number: 121317657; Romanov, Volodymyr 1; Email Address: vromanov@poc.com Burke, Eric 2 Grubsky, Victor 1; Affiliation:  1: Physical Optics Corporation, Torrance, CA 90501, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2/16/2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: COMPUTED tomography; Subject Term: COMPTON effect; Subject Term: THREE-dimensional imaging; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 3 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 12 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974676
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121317657&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zalameda, Joseph N.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Horne, Michael R.
T1  - Damage Depth Estimation on a Fatigue Loaded Composite Structure using Thermography and Acoustic Emission.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/16/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Passive thermography and acoustic emission data were obtained on a three stringer panel during periodic fatigue loading. The acoustic emission data were mapped onto thermal data, revealing the cluster of acoustic emission event locations around the thermal signatures of interest. By combining both techniques, progression of damage growth is confirmed and areas of failure are identified. Furthermore, sudden changes in thermally measured damage growth related to a previously measured higher energy acoustic emission event are studied to determine damage depth. A thermal model with a periodic flux heat source is presented to determine the relationship between the damage depth and thermal response. The model results are compared to the measured data. Lastly, the practical application and limitations of this technique are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FATIGUE life (Materials science)
KW  - COMPOSITE structures
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - HEAT flux
N1  - Accession Number: 121317649; Zalameda, Joseph N. 1; Email Address: joseph.n.zalameda@nasa.gov Winfree, William P. 1 Horne, Michael R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS231 Hampton, VA 23681  2: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, MS231 Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2/16/2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: FATIGUE life (Materials science); Subject Term: COMPOSITE structures; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: HEAT flux; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974668
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121317649&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhenhua Tian
AU  - Leckey, Cara
AU  - Lingyu Yu
T1  - Multi-Site Delamination Detection and Quantification in Composites through Guided Wave Based Global-Local Sensing.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/16/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents a guided wave based global-local sensing method for rapid detection and quantification of multi-site delamination damage in large composite panels. The global-local approach uses a hybrid system consisting of a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) for generating guided waves and a non-contact scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) for acquiring guided wave data. The global-local method is performed in two steps. First, a phased array configured of a small number of SLDV scan points (for example 10×10 points in a rectangular grid array) performs inspection over the entire plate to detect and locate damage. Local areas are identified as potential damage regions for the second step. Then high density wavefield measurements are taken over the identified areas and wavefield analysis is performed to quantitatively evaluate the damage. For the proof of concept in case with multi-site damage, the global-local approach is demonstrated on a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plate with two sites of impact-induced delamination damage. In the first step, the locations of two delamination sites are detected by the phased array method. In the second step, the delamination size and shape are evaluated using wavefield analysis. The detected delamination location, size and shape agree well with those of ultrasonic C-scan and the method led to a 93% reduction in inspection time compared to a full SLDV dense grid scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - HYBRID systems
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC transducers
KW  - LASER Doppler vibrometer
KW  - CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics
N1  - Accession Number: 121317529; Zhenhua Tian 1; Email Address: tianz@email.sc.edu Leckey, Cara 2 Lingyu Yu 1; Affiliation:  1: University of South Carolina, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia SC  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA; Source Info: 2/16/2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: HYBRID systems; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC transducers; Subject Term: LASER Doppler vibrometer; Subject Term: CARBON fiber-reinforced plastics; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974548
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121317529&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mandrà, Salvatore
AU  - Zheng Zhu
AU  - Katzgraber, Helmut G.
T1  - Exponentially Biased Ground-State Sampling of Quantum Annealing Machines with Transverse-Field Driving Hamiltonians.
JO  - Physical Review Letters
JF  - Physical Review Letters
Y1  - 2017/02/17/
VL  - 118
IS  - 7
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00319007
AB  - We study the performance of the D-Wave 2X quantum annealing machine on systems with well-controlled ground-state degeneracy. While obtaining the ground state of a spin-glass benchmark instance represents a difficult task, the gold standard for any optimization algorithm or machine is to sample all solutions that minimize the Hamiltonian with more or less equal probability. Our results show that while naive transverse-field quantum annealing on the D-Wave 2X device can find the ground-state energy of the problems, it is not well suited in identifying all degenerate ground-state configurations associated with a particular instance. Even worse, some states are exponentially suppressed, in agreement with previous studies on toy model problems [New J. Phys. 11, 073021 (2009)]. These results suggest that more complex driving Hamiltonians are needed in future quantum annealing machines to ensure a fair sampling of the ground-state manifold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Physical Review Letters is the property of American Physical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121771053; Mandrà, Salvatore 1,2,3; Email Address: smandra@fas.harvard.edu Zheng Zhu 4; Email Address: zzwtgts@tamu.edu Katzgraber, Helmut G. 4,5; Email Address: hgk@tamu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (QuAIL), Mail Stop 269-1, Moffett Field, California 94035, USA  3: Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies Inc., 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 400, Greenbelt, Maryland 20770, USA  4: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, USA  5: Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Road, Santa Fe, New Mexico 87501, USA; Source Info: 2/17/2017, Vol. 118 Issue 7, p1; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.070502
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Els Peeters
AU  - Alessandra Ricca
AU  - Charles W. Bauschlicher Jr.
AU  - Louis J. Allamandola
AU  - Alexander G. G. M. Tielens
AU  - Mark G. Wolfire
T1  - The PAH Emission Characteristics of the Reflection Nebula NGC 2023.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/02/20/
VL  - 836
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present 5–20 μm spectral maps of the reflection nebula NGC 2023 obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph SL and SH modes on board the Spitzer Space Telescope, which reveal emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), C60, and H2 superposed on a dust continuum. We show that several PAH emission bands correlate with each other and exhibit distinct spatial distributions that reveal a spatial sequence with distance from the illuminating star. We explore the distinct morphology of the 6.2, 7.7, and 8.6 μm PAH bands and find that at least two spatially distinct components contribute to the 7–9 μm PAH emission in NGC 2023. We report that the PAH features behave independently of the underlying plateaus. We present spectra of compact, oval PAHs ranging in size from C66 to C210, determined computationally using density functional theory, and we investigate trends in the band positions and relative intensities as a function of PAH size, charge, and geometry. Based on the NASA Ames PAH database, we discuss the 7–9 μm components in terms of band assignments and relative intensities. We assign the plateau emission to very small grains with possible contributions from PAH clusters and identify components in the 7–9 μm emission that likely originate in these structures. Based on the assignments and the observed spatial sequence, we discuss the photochemical evolution of the interstellar PAH family as the PAHs are more and more exposed to the radiation field of the central star in the evaporative flows associated with the Photo-Dissociation Regions in NGC 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTROCHEMISTRY
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - INTERSTELLAR molecules
KW  - POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons
KW  - SPACE telescopes
N1  - Accession Number: 121466129; Els Peeters 1,2 Alessandra Ricca 2 Charles W. Bauschlicher Jr. 3 Louis J. Allamandola 4 Alexander G. G. M. Tielens 5 Mark G. Wolfire 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada  2: Carl Sagan Center, SETI Institute, 189 N. Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  3: Entry Systems and Technology Division, Mail Stop 230-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Mail Stop 245-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Leiden Observatory, P.O. Box 9513, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands  6: Astronomy Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Source Info: 2/20/2017, Vol. 836 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: ASTROCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: INTERSTELLAR molecules; Subject Term: POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; Subject Term: SPACE telescopes; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/836/2/198
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121466129&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Mohr-Smith, M.
AU  - Drew, J. E.
AU  - Napiwotzki, R.
AU  - Simón-Díaz, S.
AU  - Wright, N. J.
AU  - Barentsen, G.
AU  - Eislöffel, J.
AU  - Farnhill, H. J.
AU  - Greimel, R.
AU  - Monguió, M.
AU  - Kalari, V.
AU  - Parker, Q. A.
AU  - Vink, J. S.
T1  - The deep OB star population in Carina from the VST Photometric Hα Survey (VPHAS+).
JO  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
JF  - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Y1  - 2017/02/21/
VL  - 465
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1807
EP  - 1830
SN  - 00358711
AB  - Massive OB stars are critical to the ecology of galaxies and yet our knowledge of OB stars in the Milky Way, fainter than V ~ 12, remains patchy. Data from the VST Photometric Hα Survey (VPHAS+) permit the construction of the first deep catalogues of blue excess-selected OB stars, without neglecting the stellar field. A total of 14 900 candidates with 2MASS cross-matches are blue-selected from a 42 deg² region in the Galactic plane, capturing the Carina Arm over the Galactic longitude range 282° ≤ ℓ ≤ 293°. Spectral energy distribution fitting is performed on these candidates' combined VPHAS+ u, g, r, i and 2MASS J, H, K magnitudes. This delivers effective temperature constraints, statistically separating O from early-B stars and high-quality extinction parameters, A0 and RV (random errors typically ~0.1). The high-confidence O-B2 candidates number 5915 and a further 5170 fit to later B spectral type. Spectroscopy of 276 of the former confirms 97 per cent of them. The fraction of emission-line stars among all candidate B stars is 7-8 per cent. Greyer (RV > 3.5) extinction laws are ubiquitous in the region, over the distance range 2.5-3 to ~10 kpc. Near prominent massive clusters, RV tends to rise, with particularly large and chaotic excursions to RV ~ 5 seen in the Carina Nebula. The data reveal a hitherto unnoticed association of 108 O-B2 stars around the O5If+ star LSS 2063 (ℓ = 289. ° 77, b = -1. ° 22). Treating the OB star scaleheight as a constant within the thin disc, we find an orderly mean relation between extinction (A0) and distance in the Galactic longitude range, 287. ° 6 < ℓ < 293. ° 5, and infer the subtle onset of thin-disc warping. A halo around NGC 3603, roughly a degree in diameter, of ~500 O-B2 stars with 4 < A0(mag) < 7 is noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - STARS -- Populations
KW  - OB stars
KW  - SUPERGIANT stars
KW  - SPECTRAL energy distribution
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - MILKY Way
KW  - dust, extinction
KW  - Galaxy: disc
KW  - open clusters and associations: general
KW  - stars: early-type
KW  - surveys
N1  - Accession Number: 120478655; Mohr-Smith, M. 1 Drew, J. E. 1; Email Address: j.drew@herts.ac.uk Napiwotzki, R. 1 Simón-Díaz, S. 2,3 Wright, N. J. 1,4 Barentsen, G. 1,5 Eislöffel, J. 6 Farnhill, H. J. 1 Greimel, R. 7 Monguió, M. 1 Kalari, V. 8 Parker, Q. A. 9 Vink, J. S. 10; Affiliation:  1: Centre for Astrophysics Research, Science and Technology Research Institute, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK  2: Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  3: Departamento de Astrofısica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain  4: Astrophysics Group, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffatt Field, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  6: Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, D-07778 Tautenburg, Germany  7: Department for Geophysics, Institute of Physics, Astrophysics and Meteorology, NAWI Graz, Universitatsplatz 5, A-8010 Graz, Austria  8: Departamento de Astronomıa, Universidad de Chile, Camino El Observatorio 1515, Las Condes, Santiago, Casilla 36-D, Chile  9: Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China  10: Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, Northern Ireland; Source Info: 2/21/2017, Vol. 465 Issue 2, p1807; Subject Term: STARS -- Populations; Subject Term: OB stars; Subject Term: SUPERGIANT stars; Subject Term: SPECTRAL energy distribution; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: MILKY Way; Author-Supplied Keyword: dust, extinction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Galaxy: disc; Author-Supplied Keyword: open clusters and associations: general; Author-Supplied Keyword: stars: early-type; Author-Supplied Keyword: surveys; Number of Pages: 24p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1093/mnras/stw2751
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120478655&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
AU  - Taiping Zhang
T1  - NASA/GEWEX Shortwave Surface Radiation Budget: Integrated Data Product with Reprocessed Radiance, Cloud, and Meteorology Inputs, and New Surface Albedo Treatment.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project produces shortwave and longwave surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes for the 1983-near present time period. Spatial resolution is 1 degree. The current Release 3.0 (available at gewex-srb.larc.nasa.gov) uses the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX product for pixel level radiance and cloud information. This product is subsampled to 30 km. ISCCP is currently recalibrating and recomputing their entire data series, to be released as the H product, at 10km resolution. The ninefold increase in pixel number will allow SRB a higher resolution gridded product (e.g. 0.5 degree), as well as the production of pixel-level fluxes. Other key input improvements include a detailed aerosol history using the Max Planck Institute Aerosol Climatology (MAC), and temperature and moisture profiles from nnHIRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - ELECTRONIC data processing
KW  - METEOROLOGY
KW  - CLOUDS -- Dynamics
KW  - ALBEDO
N1  - Accession Number: 121423294; Cox, Stephen J. 1; Email Address: Stephen.J.Cox@nasa.gov Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1 Taiping Zhang 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI, Inc., 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 420, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: ELECTRONIC data processing; Subject Term: METEOROLOGY; Subject Term: CLOUDS -- Dynamics; Subject Term: ALBEDO; NAICS/Industry Codes: 518210 Data Processing, Hosting, and Related Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975541
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121423294&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dodson, J. Brant
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Monthly Covariability of Amazonian Convective Cloud Properties and Radiative Diurnal Cycle.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The diurnal cycle of convective clouds greatly influences the top-of-atmosphere radiative energy balance in convectively active regions of Earth, through both direct presence and the production of anvil and stratiform clouds. CloudSat and CERES data are used to further examine these connections by determining the sensitivity of monthly anomalies in the radiative diurnal cycle to monthly anomalies in multiple cloud variables. During months with positive anomalies in convective frequency, the longwave diurnal cycle is shifted and skewed earlier in the day by the increased longwave cloud forcing during the afternoon from mature deep convective cores and associated anvils. This is consistent with previous studies using reanalysis data to characterize anomalous convective instability. Contrary to this, months with positive anomalies in convective cloud top height (commonly associated with more intense convection) shifts the longwave diurnal cycle later in the day. The contrary results are likely an effect of the inverse relationships between cloud top height and frequency. The albedo diurnal cycle yields inconsistent results when using different cloud variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - STRATUS clouds
KW  - AMAZON River Watershed
N1  - Accession Number: 121423276; Dodson, J. Brant 1; Email Address: jason.b.dodson@nasa.gov Taylor, Patrick C. 2; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd, MS: 420, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd, MS: 420, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: STRATUS clouds; Subject Term: AMAZON River Watershed; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975523
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hegyi, Bradley M.
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Seasonal Clear-sky Flux and Cloud Radiative Effect Anomalies in the Arctic Atmospheric Column Associated with the Arctic Oscillation and Arctic Dipole.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The impact of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Arctic Dipole (AD) on the radiative flux into the Arctic mean atmospheric column is quantified. 3-month-averaged AO and AD indices are regressed with corresponding surface and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from the CERES-SFC and CERES-TOA EBAF datasets over the period 2000-2014. An increase in clear-sky fluxes into the Arctic mean atmospheric column during fall is the largest net flux anomaly associated with AO, primarily driven by a positive net longwave flux anomaly (i.e. increase of net flux into the atmospheric column) at the surface. A decrease in the Arctic mean atmospheric column cloud radiative effect during winter and spring is the largest flux anomaly associated with AD, primarily driven by a change in the longwave cloud radiative effect at the surface. These prominent responses to AO and AD are widely distributed across the ice-covered Arctic, suggesting that the physical process or processes that bring about the flux change associated with AO and AD are distributed throughout the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - WATER vapor transport
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - MAGNETIC dipoles
KW  - ARCTIC regions
N1  - Accession Number: 121423277; Hegyi, Bradley M. 1; Email Address: bradley.m.hegyi@nasa.gov Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: WATER vapor transport; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Subject Term: MAGNETIC dipoles; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975524
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121423277&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Itterly, Kyle F.
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Evaluation of the Sensitivity of the Amazonian Diurnal Cycle to Convective Intensity in Reanalyses.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Model parameterizations of tropical deep convection are unable to reproduce the observed diurnal and spatial variability of convection in the Amazon, which contributes to climatological biases in the water cycle and energy budget. Convective intensity regimes are defined using percentiles of daily minimum 3-hourly averaged outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). This study compares the observed spatial variability of convective diurnal cycle statistics for each regime to MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim (ERA) reanalysis data sets. Composite diurnal cycle statistics are computed for daytime hours (06:00-21:00 local time) in the wet season (December-January-February). MERRA-2 matches observations more closely than ERA for domain averaged composite diurnal statistics--specifically precipitation. However, ERA reproduces mesoscale features of OLR and precipitation phase associated with topography and the propagation of the coastal squall line. Both reanalysis models are shown to underestimate extreme convection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - SENSITIVITY analysis
KW  - CONVECTION (Meteorology)
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - AMAZON River Watershed
N1  - Accession Number: 121423278; Itterly, Kyle F. 1; Email Address: kyle.f.itterly@nasa.gov Taylor, Patrick C. 2; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: SENSITIVITY analysis; Subject Term: CONVECTION (Meteorology); Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: AMAZON River Watershed; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975525
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121423278&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Xu Liu
AU  - Tian, Jialin
T1  - Airborne field experiments and select radiance analysis focused on SNPP validation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Suomi NPP (SNPP) satellite began a critical first step in building the next-generation Earth observing satellite system for the US, continuing key environmental data records that are essential for weather forecasting and climate change science. Since its launch in late 2011, two airborne field campaigns have been conducted with a primary focus on SNPP instrument and data product calibration / validation: 1) mid-latitude flights based out of Palmdale, CA during May 2013 (SNPP-1), and 2) flights over Greenland during March 2015 while based out of Keflavik, Iceland (SNPP-2). In addition to under-flying SNPP, aircraft flight profiles were defined to also obtain coincident observations with the NASA A-train (i.e. AQUA), MetOP-A, and MetOP-B advanced sounder satellites (i.e. AIRS, IASI, and CrIS), along with radiosonde and ground truth sites. The NASA LaRC National Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) was one of the key payload sensors aboard the ER-2 aircraft during these campaigns. This presentation gives an overview of the SNPP field campaigns and shows example infrared spectral radiance inter-comparisons involving NAST-I and other measurement assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BRIGHTNESS temperature
KW  - PROJECT POSSUM
KW  - AIRBORNE-based remote sensing
KW  - DATA mining
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - Atmospheric sounding
KW  - Information content
KW  - Infrared spectral radiance
N1  - Accession Number: 121423272; Larar, Allen M. 1 Smith, William L. 2,3 Zhou, Daniel K. 1 Xu Liu 1 Tian, Jialin 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: SSAI/LaRC, Hampton, VA, USA  3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: BRIGHTNESS temperature; Subject Term: PROJECT POSSUM; Subject Term: AIRBORNE-based remote sensing; Subject Term: DATA mining; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric sounding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information content; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectral radiance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975519
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121423272&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shrestha, A. K.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Wong, T.
AU  - Stackhouse, P. W.
AU  - Rose, F.
AU  - Miller, W. F.
AU  - Bush, K.
AU  - Rutan, D. A.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Doelling, D.
T1  - Spectral Unfiltering of ERBE WFOV Nonscanner Shortwave Observations and Revisiting its Radiation Dataset from 1985 to 1998.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Wide-field-of-view (WFOV) nonscanner instruments were onboard NASA's Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and the NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 satellites, and provided broadband shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) irradiances from 1984 to 1999. However, Lee et al. (2002) noted degradation in the WFOV SW dome transmissivity. To account for this degradation, these SW instruments were calibrated with the spectrally flat gray assumption. More recently, Loeb et al. (2012) showed higher degradation in the transmissivity of shorter wavelengths suggesting a need for both temporal and spectral dependent corrections for better calibration. Such an approach may also eliminate an additional adjustment that was applied to irradiances in the existing products to remove the observed trend of day-minusnight longwave irradiances (Wong et al. 2006). We plan to reprocess the ERBE WFOV nonscanner record by characterizing the spectral degradation of the SW dome transmissivity over time. Solar data observed by the WFOV SW nonscanner during calibration days are used to estimate a time and spectral dependent spectral response function (SRF). Coefficients derived from this SRF are then used to improve the irradiance estimate. In addition, since the spectrum of reflected irradiance depends on scene type, ISCCP-derived cloud properties and surface type are used. Preliminary results indicate that taking account of spectral degradation reduces the observed day-minus-night longwave irradiance trends in the tropics (20ON and 20OS) by ~34%, while almost all of the trend is removed in the region between 60ON and 60OS. This presentation explains the reprocessing approach and compares the existing and reprocessed ERBE dataset. Once ERBS measurements are calibrated against CERES instruments, this work allows for the generation of a long-term radiation datasets consistent with those provided by CERES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARTIFICIAL satellites
KW  - SOLAR radiation -- Measurement
KW  - BROADBAND antennas
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - SPECTRAL irradiance
N1  - Accession Number: 121423301; Shrestha, A. K. 1; Email Address: alok.k.shrestha@nasa.gov Kato, S. 2 Wong, T. 2 Stackhouse, P. W. 2 Rose, F. 1 Miller, W. F. 1 Bush, K. 1 Rutan, D. A. 1 Minnis, P. 2 Doelling, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, United States; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: ARTIFICIAL satellites; Subject Term: SOLAR radiation -- Measurement; Subject Term: BROADBAND antennas; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: SPECTRAL irradiance; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975548
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121423301&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stamnes, Snorre
AU  - Stamnes, Knut
AU  - Wei Li
AU  - Yongzhen Fan
AU  - Nan Chen
AU  - Tomonori Tanikawa
AU  - Stamnes, Jakob J.
T1  - What if MODIS could measure the Q Stokes parameter?
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface properties by means of inverse techniques based on a coupled atmospheresurface radiative transfer model and optimal estimation can yield a considerable improvement in retrieval accuracy based on radiances measured by MERIS, MODIS, and similar instruments compared with traditional methods. There are uniqueness problems associated with radiometric remote sensing measurements (like MERIS/MODIS) that ignore polarization effects, and rely on measuring only the radiance. Use of polarization measurements is particularly important for absorbing aerosols over coastal waters as well as over bright targets such as snow-covered and bare sea ice, where it has proved difficult to retrieve aerosol singlescattering albedo from radiance-only spectrometers such as MERIS and MODIS. We use a vector radiative transfer model for the coupled atmosphere-surface system (C-VRTM) in conjunction with an Optimal Estimation/Levenberg-Marquardt (OE/LM) method to quantify how polarization measurements can be used to overcome the uniqueness problems associated with radianceonly retrieval of aerosol parameters. However, this study also indicates that even for existing radiance-only instruments like MERIS and MODIS and future instrument like OLCI, use of a C-VRTM as a forward model in the inversion can lead to significant enhancement of retrieval capabilities, and facilitate simultaneous retrieval of absorbing aerosols and marine parameters in turbid coastal environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - STOKES parameters
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - RADIOMETRIC methods
N1  - Accession Number: 121423335; Stamnes, Snorre 1 Stamnes, Knut 2; Email Address: knut.stamnes@stevens.edu Wei Li 2 Yongzhen Fan 2 Nan Chen 2 Tomonori Tanikawa 3 Stamnes, Jakob J. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA  3: Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1, Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan  4: Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Norway; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: STOKES parameters; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: RADIOMETRIC methods; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975582
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121423335&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
T1  - Validating the New Results from the Next Generation of the NASA GEWEX SRB against the BSRN, GEBA, WRDC as well as the PMEL Data.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA GEWEX SRB project is moving toward the next generation, or Release 4, of its products as its algorithms are updated and new inputs from the ISCCP become available. This paper compares its early shortwave/longwave results with the surface-based BSRN, GEBA, WRDC as well as the PMEL data. The comparison statistics show that the new algorithms along with the new inputs appreciably improve the quality of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - RESEARCH
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - NEXT generation networks
KW  - COMPUTER algorithms
KW  - QUALITY control
N1  - Accession Number: 121423308; Taiping Zhang 1; Email Address: Taiping.Zhang@NASA.gov Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Cox, Stephen J. 1 Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 927, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 28681, USA; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: RESEARCH; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: NEXT generation networks; Subject Term: COMPUTER algorithms; Subject Term: QUALITY control; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975555
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121423308&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Does A Relationship Between Arctic Low Clouds and Sea Ice Matter?
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/02/22/
VL  - 1810
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Arctic low clouds strongly affect the Arctic surface energy budget. Through this impact Arctic low clouds influence important aspects of the Arctic climate system, namely surface and atmospheric temperature, sea ice extent and thickness, and atmospheric circulation. Arctic clouds are in turn influenced by these elements of the Arctic climate system, and these interactions create the potential for Arctic cloud-climate feedbacks. To further our understanding of potential Arctic cloudclimate feedbacks, the goal of this paper is to quantify the influence of atmospheric state on the surface cloud radiative effect (CRE) and its covariation with sea ice concentration (SIC). We build on previous research using instantaneous, active remote sensing satellite footprint data from the NASA A-Train. First, the results indicate significant differences in the surface CRE when stratified by atmospheric state. Second, there is a weak covariation between CRE and SIC for most atmospheric conditions. Third, the results show statistically significant differences in the average surface CRE under different SIC values in fall indicating a 3-5 W m-2 larger LW CRE in 0% versus 100% SIC footprints. Because systematic changes on the order of 1 W m-2 are sufficient to explain the observed long-term reductions in sea ice extent, our results indicate a potentially significant amplifying sea ice-cloud feedback, under certain meteorological conditions, that could delay the fall freeze-up and influence the variability in sea ice extent and volume. Lastly, a small change in the frequency of occurrence of atmosphere states may yield a larger Arctic cloud feedback than any cloud response to sea ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - ARCTIC regions
N1  - Accession Number: 121423283; Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd. Hampton, VA, USA 23602; Source Info: 2/22/2017, Vol. 1810, p1; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975530
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121423283&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Boyda, Edward
AU  - Basu, Saikat
AU  - Ganguly, Sangram
AU  - Michaelis, Andrew
AU  - Mukhopadhyay, Supratik
AU  - Nemani, Ramakrishna R.
T1  - Deploying a quantum annealing processor to detect tree cover in aerial imagery of California.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2017/02/27/
VL  - 12
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 22
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Quantum annealing is an experimental and potentially breakthrough computational technology for handling hard optimization problems, including problems of computer vision. We present a case study in training a production-scale classifier of tree cover in remote sensing imagery, using early-generation quantum annealing hardware built by D-wave Systems, Inc. Beginning within a known boosting framework, we train decision stumps on texture features and vegetation indices extracted from four-band, one-meter-resolution aerial imagery from the state of California. We then impose a regulated quadratic training objective to select an optimal voting subset from among these stumps. The votes of the subset define the classifier. For optimization, the logical variables in the objective function map to quantum bits in the hardware device, while quadratic couplings encode as the strength of physical interactions between the quantum bits. Hardware design limits the number of couplings between these basic physical entities to five or six. To account for this limitation in mapping large problems to the hardware architecture, we propose a truncation and rescaling of the training objective through a trainable metaparameter. The boosting process on our basic 108- and 508-variable problems, thus constituted, returns classifiers that incorporate a diverse range of color- and texture-based metrics and discriminate tree cover with accuracies as high as 92% in validation and 90% on a test scene encompassing the open space preserves and dense suburban build of Mill Valley, CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM annealing
KW  - COMPUTER vision
KW  - AERIAL photography
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - GROUND cover plants
KW  - Algorithms
KW  - Applied mathematics
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - California
KW  - Computer and information sciences
KW  - Computer architecture
KW  - Computer hardware
KW  - Condensed matter physics
KW  - Earth sciences
KW  - Engineering and technology
KW  - Geographical locations
KW  - Geography
KW  - Geoinformatics
KW  - Imaging techniques
KW  - Infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Magnetic fields
KW  - Magnetism
KW  - Mathematics
KW  - Near-infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Neural networks
KW  - Neuroscience
KW  - North America
KW  - Optimization
KW  - People and places
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Physics
KW  - Remote sensing
KW  - Remote sensing imagery
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Simulated annealing
KW  - Simulation and modeling
KW  - Spectrum analysis techniques
KW  - United States
N1  - Accession Number: 121466003; Boyda, Edward 1,2; Email Address: ekb2@stmarys-ca.edu Basu, Saikat 3 Ganguly, Sangram 2,4 Michaelis, Andrew 4,5 Mukhopadhyay, Supratik 3 Nemani, Ramakrishna R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Saint Mary’s College of California, Moraga, CA, United States of America  2: Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA, United States of America  3: Department of Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States of America  4: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States of America  5: University Corporation at CSU Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA, United States of America  6: NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States of America; Source Info: 2/27/2017, Vol. 12 Issue 2, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM annealing; Subject Term: COMPUTER vision; Subject Term: AERIAL photography; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: GROUND cover plants; Author-Supplied Keyword: Algorithms; Author-Supplied Keyword: Applied mathematics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: California; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer and information sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer architecture; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computer hardware; Author-Supplied Keyword: Condensed matter physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Earth sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engineering and technology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geographical locations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geography; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geoinformatics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Imaging techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Magnetism; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mathematics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neural networks; Author-Supplied Keyword: Neuroscience; Author-Supplied Keyword: North America; Author-Supplied Keyword: Optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: People and places; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Remote sensing imagery; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulated annealing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Simulation and modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectrum analysis techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: United States; NAICS/Industry Codes: 481215 Non-scheduled specialty flying services; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541922 Commercial Photography; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541920 Photographic services; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0172505
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121466003&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bristow, Thomas F.
AU  - Haberle, Robert M.
AU  - Blake, David F.
AU  - Des Marais, David J.
AU  - Eigenbrode, Jennifer L.
AU  - Fairén, Alberto G.
AU  - Grotzinger, John P.
AU  - Stack, Kathryn M.
AU  - Mischna, Michael A.
AU  - Rampe, Elizabeth B.
AU  - Siebach, Kirsten L.
AU  - Sutter, Brad
AU  - Vaniman, David T.
AU  - Vasavada, Ashwin R.
T1  - Low Hesperian PCO2 constrained from in situ mineralogical analysis at Gale Crater, Mars.
JO  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
JF  - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Y1  - 2017/02/28/
VL  - 114
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 2166
EP  - 2170
SN  - 00278424
AB  - Carbon dioxide is an essential atmospheric component in martian climate models that attempt to reconcile a faint young sun with planetwide evidence of liquid water in the Noachian and Early Hesperian. In this study, we use mineral and contextual sedimentary environmental data measured by the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover Curiosity to estimate the atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2) coinciding with a long-lived lake system in Gale Crater at ∼3.5 Ga. A reaction–transport model that simulates mineralogy observed within the Sheepbed member at Yellowknife Bay (YKB), by coupling mineral equilibria with carbonate precipitation kinetics and rates of sedimentation, indicates atmospheric PCO2 levels in the 10s mbar range. At such low PCO2 levels, existing climate models are unable to warm Hesperian Mars anywhere near the freezing point of water, and other gases are required to raise atmospheric pressure to prevent lake waters from being lost to the atmosphere. Thus, either lacustrine features of Gale formed in a cold environment by a mechanism yet to be determined, or the climate models still lack an essential component that would serve to elevate surface temperatures, at least locally, on Hesperian Mars. Our results also impose restrictions on the potential role of atmospheric CO2 in inferred warmer conditions and valley network formation of the late Noachian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is the property of National Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide
KW  - GALE Crater (Mars)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - ATMOSPHERE
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC pressure
KW  - SEDIMENTATION & deposition
KW  - carbon dioxide
KW  - Gale Crater
KW  - Hesperian Mars
KW  - Mars Science Laboratory
KW  - martian atmosphere
N1  - Accession Number: 121508265; Bristow, Thomas F. 1; Email Address: thomas.f.bristow@nasa.gov Haberle, Robert M. 2 Blake, David F. 1 Des Marais, David J. 1 Eigenbrode, Jennifer L. 3 Fairén, Alberto G. 4 Grotzinger, John P. 5 Stack, Kathryn M. 6 Mischna, Michael A. 6 Rampe, Elizabeth B. 7 Siebach, Kirsten L. 5 Sutter, Brad 8 Vaniman, David T. 9 Vasavada, Ashwin R. 7; Affiliation:  1: Exobiology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  2: Planetary Systems Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035.  3: Solar System Exploration Division, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771.  4: Department of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiología, Madrid 28850, Spain.  5: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.  6: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109.  7: Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.  8: Jacobs Technology, Inc., NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058.  9: Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719.; Source Info: 2/28/2017, Vol. 114 Issue 9, p2166; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide; Subject Term: GALE Crater (Mars); Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERE; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC pressure; Subject Term: SEDIMENTATION & deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: carbon dioxide; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gale Crater; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hesperian Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars Science Laboratory; Author-Supplied Keyword: martian atmosphere; Number of Pages: 5p; Illustrations: 3 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1073/pnas.1616649114
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gao, Y.
AU  - Casalena, L.
AU  - Bowers, M.L.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Mills, M.J.
AU  - Wang, Y.
T1  - An origin of functional fatigue of shape memory alloys.
JO  - Acta Materialia
JF  - Acta Materialia
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 126
M3  - Article
SP  - 389
EP  - 400
SN  - 13596454
AB  - Functional fatigue (FF) during thermal and mechanical cycling, which leads to the generation of macroscopic irrecoverable strain and the loss of dimensional stability, is a critical issue that limits the service life of shape memory alloys (SMAs). Although it has been demonstrated experimentally that such a phenomenon is related to microstructural changes, a fundamental understanding of the physical origin of FF is still lacking, especially from a crystallographic point of view. In this study, we show that in addition to the normal martensitic phase transformation pathway (PTP), there is a symmetry-dictated non-phase-transformation pathway (SDNPTP) during phase transformation cycling, whose activation could play a key role in leading to FF. By investigating crystal symmetry changes along both the PTPs and SDNPTPs, the characteristic types of defects (e.g., dislocations and grain boundaries) generated during transformation cycling can be predicted systematically, and agree well with those observed experimentally in NiTi. By analyzing key materials parameters that could suppress the SDNPTPs, strategies to develop high performance SMAs with much improved FF resistance through crystallographic design and transformation pathway engineering are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Materialia is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SHAPE memory alloys
KW  - THERMOCYCLING
KW  - MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - Alloy design
KW  - Crystal symmetry
KW  - Defects
KW  - Martensitic phase transformations
KW  - Shape memory alloys
N1  - Accession Number: 121222370; Gao, Y. 1 Casalena, L. 1 Bowers, M.L. 1 Noebe, R.D. 2 Mills, M.J. 1 Wang, Y. 1; Email Address: wang.363@osu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States  2: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 126, p389; Subject Term: SHAPE memory alloys; Subject Term: THERMOCYCLING; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: Alloy design; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crystal symmetry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Defects; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martensitic phase transformations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloys; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.01.001
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121222370&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Arturo O. Martinez
AU  - Ian J. M. Crossfield
AU  - Joshua E. Schlieder
AU  - Courtney D. Dressing
AU  - Christian Obermeier
AU  - John Livingston
AU  - Simona Ciceri
AU  - Sarah Peacock
AU  - Charles A. Beichman
AU  - Sébastien Lépine
AU  - Kimberly M. Aller
AU  - Quadry A. Chance
AU  - Erik A. Petigura
AU  - Andrew W. Howard
AU  - Michael W. Werner
T1  - Stellar and Planetary Parameters for K2's Late-type Dwarf Systems from C1 to C5.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/03//3/1/2017
VL  - 837
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The NASA K2 mission uses photometry to find planets transiting stars of various types. M dwarfs are of high interest since they host more short-period planets than any other type of main-sequence star and transiting planets around M dwarfs have deeper transits compared to other main-sequence stars. In this paper, we present stellar parameters from K and M dwarfs hosting transiting planet candidates discovered by our team. Using the SOFI spectrograph on the European Southern Observatory’s New Technology Telescope, we obtained R ≈ 1000 J-, H-, and K-band (0.95–2.52 μm) spectra of 34 late-type K2 planet and candidate planet host systems and 12 bright K4–M5 dwarfs with interferometrically measured radii and effective temperatures. Out of our 34 late-type K2 targets, we identify 27 of these stars as M dwarfs. We measure equivalent widths of spectral features, derive calibration relations using stars with interferometric measurements, and estimate stellar radii, effective temperatures, masses, and luminosities for the K2 planet hosts. Our calibrations provide radii and temperatures with median uncertainties of 0.059 R⊙ (16.09%) and 160 K (4.33%), respectively. We then reassess the radii and equilibrium temperatures of known and candidate planets based on our spectroscopically derived stellar parameters. Since a planet’s radius and equilibrium temperature depend on the parameters of its host star, our study provides more precise planetary parameters for planets and candidates orbiting late-type stars observed with K2. We find a median planet radius and an equilibrium temperature of approximately 3 R⊕ and 500 K, respectively, with several systems (K2-18b and K2-72e) receiving near-Earth-like levels of incident irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DWARF stars
KW  - PLANETARY science
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL observations
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121630950; Arturo O. Martinez 1,2,3 Ian J. M. Crossfield 4,5,6 Joshua E. Schlieder 7,8,9 Courtney D. Dressing 9,10 Christian Obermeier 11,12 John Livingston 13 Simona Ciceri 14 Sarah Peacock 4 Charles A. Beichman 8 Sébastien Lépine 2 Kimberly M. Aller 15 Quadry A. Chance 16 Erik A. Petigura 13,17 Andrew W. Howard 18 Michael W. Werner 19; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, 25 Park Pl NE #605, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA  3: Visiting Researcher, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  4: Lunar & Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA  5: Astronomy and Astrophysics Department, UC Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  6: NASA Sagan Fellow.  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  9: NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow.  10: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  11: Max Planck Institut für Astronomie, Heidelberg, Germany  12: Max-Planck-Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany  13: Department of Astronomy, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan  14: Department of Astronomy, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden  15: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, 2680 Woodlawn Dr., Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  16: Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, 933 N. Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  17: Hubble Fellow.  18: Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  19: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA 91109, USA; Source Info: 3/1/2017, Vol. 837 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: DWARF stars; Subject Term: PLANETARY science; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL observations; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/aa56c7
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Matthew. B. Bayliss
AU  - Kyle Zengo
AU  - Jonathan Ruel
AU  - Bradford A. Benson
AU  - Lindsey E. Bleem
AU  - Sebastian Bocquet
AU  - Esra Bulbul
AU  - Mark Brodwin
AU  - Raffaella Capasso
AU  - I-non Chiu
AU  - Michael McDonald
AU  - David Rapetti
AU  - Alex Saro
AU  - Brian Stalder
AU  - Antony A. Stark
AU  - Veronica Strazzullo
AU  - Christopher W. Stubbs
AU  - Alfredo Zenteno
T1  - Velocity Segregation and Systematic Biases in Velocity Dispersion Estimates with the SPT-GMOS Spectroscopic Survey.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/03//3/1/2017
VL  - 837
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - The velocity distribution of galaxies in clusters is not universal; rather, galaxies are segregated according to their spectral type and relative luminosity. We examine the velocity distributions of different populations of galaxies within 89 Sunyaev Zel’dovich (SZ) selected galaxy clusters spanning . Our sample is primarily draw from the SPT-GMOS spectroscopic survey, supplemented by additional published spectroscopy, resulting in a final spectroscopic sample of 4148 galaxy spectra—2868 cluster members. The velocity dispersion of star-forming cluster galaxies is 17 ± 4% greater than that of passive cluster galaxies, and the velocity dispersion of bright () cluster galaxies is 11 ± 4% lower than the velocity dispersion of our total member population. We find good agreement with simulations regarding the shape of the relationship between the measured velocity dispersion and the fraction of passive versus star-forming galaxies used to measure it, but we find a small offset between this relationship as measured in data and simulations, which suggests that our dispersions are systematically low by as much as 3% relative to simulations. We argue that this offset could be interpreted as a measurement of the effective velocity bias that describes the ratio of our observed velocity dispersions and the intrinsic velocity dispersion of dark matter particles in a published simulation result. Measuring velocity bias in this way suggests that large spectroscopic surveys can improve dispersion-based mass-observable scaling relations for cosmology even in the face of velocity biases, by quantifying and ultimately calibrating them out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GALAXIES -- Clusters
KW  - VELOCITY distribution (Statistical mechanics)
KW  - STELLAR luminosity function
KW  - DISPERSION
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy
KW  - DARK matter (Astronomy)
KW  - COSMOLOGY
N1  - Accession Number: 121630858; Matthew. B. Bayliss 1; Email Address: mbayliss@mit.edu Kyle Zengo 2 Jonathan Ruel 3 Bradford A. Benson 4,5,6 Lindsey E. Bleem 5,7,8 Sebastian Bocquet 5,8 Esra Bulbul 1 Mark Brodwin 9 Raffaella Capasso 10,11 I-non Chiu 12 Michael McDonald 1 David Rapetti 13,14 Alex Saro 10,11 Brian Stalder 15 Antony A. Stark 16 Veronica Strazzullo 10,11 Christopher W. Stubbs 3,16 Alfredo Zenteno 17; Affiliation:  1: Kavli Institute for Astrophysics & Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  2: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College, 5100 Mayflower Hill Drive, Waterville, ME 04901, USA  3: Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  4: Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 60637, USA  5: Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 60637, USA  6: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, IL 60510-0500, USA  7: Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA 60637, USA  8: Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA 60439, USA  9: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA  10: Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, D-81679 Munich, Germany  11: Excellence Cluster Universe, Boltzmannstr. 2, D-85748 Garching, Germany  12: Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA) 11F of AS/NTU Astronomy-Mathematics Building, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road,Taipei 10617, Taiwan  13: Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, C0 80309, USA  14: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  15: Institute for Astronomy, the University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  16: Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  17: Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena, Chile; Source Info: 3/1/2017, Vol. 837 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: GALAXIES -- Clusters; Subject Term: VELOCITY distribution (Statistical mechanics); Subject Term: STELLAR luminosity function; Subject Term: DISPERSION; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy; Subject Term: DARK matter (Astronomy); Subject Term: COSMOLOGY; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/aa607c
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121630858&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - William M. J. Best
AU  - Michael C. Liu
AU  - Eugene A. Magnier
AU  - Brendan P. Bowler
AU  - Kimberly M. Aller
AU  - Zhoujian Zhang
AU  - Michael C. Kotson
AU  - W. S. Burgett
AU  - K. C. Chambers
AU  - P. W. Draper
AU  - H. Flewelling
AU  - K. W. Hodapp
AU  - N. Kaiser
AU  - N. Metcalfe
AU  - R. J. Wainscoat
AU  - C. Waters
T1  - A Search for L/T Transition Dwarfs with Pan-STARRS1 and WISE. III. Young L Dwarf Discoveries and Proper Motion Catalogs in Taurus and Scorpius–Centaurus.
JO  - Astrophysical Journal
JF  - Astrophysical Journal
Y1  - 2017/03//3/1/2017
VL  - 837
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 0004637X
AB  - We present the discovery of eight young M7–L2 dwarfs in the Taurus star-forming region and the Scorpius–Centaurus OB Association, serendipitously found during a wide-field search for L/T transition dwarfs using Pan-STARRS1 (optical) and WISE (mid-infrared) photometry. We identify PSO J060.3200+25.9644 (near-infrared spectral type L1) and PSO J077.1033+24.3809 (L2) as new members of Taurus based on their vl-g gravity classifications, the consistency of their photometry and proper motions with previously known Taurus objects, and the low probability of contamination by field objects. PSO J077.1033+24.3809 is the coolest substellar member of Taurus found to date. Both Taurus objects are among the lowest-mass free-floating objects ever discovered, with estimated masses ≈6 , and provide further evidence that isolated planetary-mass objects can form as part of normal star formation processes. PSO J060.3200+25.9644 (a.k.a. DANCe J040116.80+255752.2) was previously identified as a likely member of the Pleiades (age ) based on photometry and astrometry, but its vl-g gravity classification and near-infrared photometry imply a much younger age and thus point to Taurus membership. We have also discovered six M7–L1 dwarfs in outlying regions of Scorpius–Centaurus with photometry, proper motions, and low-gravity spectral signatures consistent with membership. These objects have estimated masses ≈15–36 . The M7 dwarf, PSO J237.1470−23.1489, shows excess mid-infrared flux implying the presence of a circumstellar disk. Finally, we present catalogs of Pan-STARRS1 proper motions for low-mass members of Taurus and Upper Scorpius with median precisions of ≈3 mas yr−1, including 67 objects with no previous proper motion and 359 measurements that improve on literature values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Astrophysical Journal is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - BROWN dwarf stars
KW  - STARS -- Formation
KW  - ASTRONOMICAL photometry
KW  - ASTROMETRY
KW  - TAURUS (Constellation)
N1  - Accession Number: 121630903; William M. J. Best 1,2; Email Address: wbest@ifa.hawaii.edu Michael C. Liu 1,2 Eugene A. Magnier 1 Brendan P. Bowler 3,4 Kimberly M. Aller 1,2 Zhoujian Zhang 1 Michael C. Kotson 5 W. S. Burgett 6 K. C. Chambers 1 P. W. Draper 7 H. Flewelling 1 K. W. Hodapp 1 N. Kaiser 1 N. Metcalfe 7 R. J. Wainscoat 1 C. Waters 1; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA  2: Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under Cooperative Agreement no. NNX-08AE38A with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Science Mission Directorate, Planetary Astronomy Program.  3: McDonald Observatory and the University of Texas at Austin, Department of Astronomy, 2515 Speedway C1400, Austin, TX 78712, USA  4: McDonald Fellow.  5: Lincoln Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 244 Wood Street, Lexington, MA 02420, USA  6: GMTO Corporation, 251 S. Lake Ave., Suite 300, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA  7: Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Source Info: 3/1/2017, Vol. 837 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: BROWN dwarf stars; Subject Term: STARS -- Formation; Subject Term: ASTRONOMICAL photometry; Subject Term: ASTROMETRY; Subject Term: TAURUS (Constellation); Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.3847/1538-4357/aa5df0
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121630903&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Alvarellos, José Luis
AU  - Dobrovolskis, Anthony R.
AU  - Zahnle, Kevin J.
AU  - Hamill, Patrick
AU  - Dones, Luke
AU  - Robbins, Stuart
T1  - Fates of satellite ejecta in the Saturn system, II.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 284
M3  - Article
SP  - 70
EP  - 89
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We assess the fates of ejecta from the large craters Aeneas on Dione and Ali Baba on Enceladus (161 and 39 km in diameter, respectively), as well as that from Herschel (130 km in diameter) on Mimas. The ejecta are treated either as ‘spalls’ launched from hard surfaces, or as ‘rubble’ launched from a weak rubble pile regolith. Once in orbit we consider the ejecta as massless test particles subject to the gravity of Saturn and its classical satellites. The great majority of escaped ejecta get swept up by the source moons. The best fit to the ejecta population decay is a stretched exponential with exponent near 1/2 (Dobrovolskis et al., Icarus 188, 481–505, 2007). We bracket the characteristic ejecta sizes corresponding to Grady–Kipp fragments and spalls. Based on this and computed impact velocities and incidence angles, the resulting sesquinary craters, if they exist, should have diameters on the order of a few meters to a few km. The observed longitude distribution of small craters on Mimas along with the findings of Bierhaus et al. that small moons should not have a secondary crater population (Icarus 218, 602–621, 2012) suggest that the most likely place to find sesquinary craters in the Saturn system is the antapex of Mimas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SATURN (Planet)
KW  - IMPACT craters
KW  - REGOLITH
KW  - PLANETARY gravitation
KW  - MIMAS (Satellite)
KW  - Cratering
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Impact processes
KW  - Satellites
KW  - Saturn
N1  - Accession Number: 120589453; Alvarellos, José Luis 1; Email Address: jl_alvarellos@yahoo.com Dobrovolskis, Anthony R. 2 Zahnle, Kevin J. 3 Hamill, Patrick 4 Dones, Luke 5 Robbins, Stuart 5; Affiliation:  1: SSL, 3825 Fabian Way, MS G-76, Palo Alto, California 94303, United States  2: SETI Institute, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  3: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States  4: Department of Physics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, United States  5: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut Street, Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, United States; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 284, p70; Subject Term: SATURN (Planet); Subject Term: IMPACT craters; Subject Term: REGOLITH; Subject Term: PLANETARY gravitation; Subject Term: MIMAS (Satellite); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cratering; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impact processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Saturn; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.10.028
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gacesa, M.
AU  - Lewkow, N.
AU  - Kharchenko, V.
T1  - Non-thermal production and escape of OH from the upper atmosphere of Mars.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 284
M3  - Article
SP  - 90
EP  - 96
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We present a theoretical analysis of formation and kinetics of hot OH molecules in the upper atmosphere of Mars produced in reactions of thermal molecular hydrogen and energetic oxygen atoms. Two major sources of energetic O considered are the photochemical production, via dissociative recombination of O 2 + ions, and energizing collisions with fast atoms produced by the precipitating Solar Wind (SW) ions, mostly H + and He 2 + , and energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) originating in the charge-exchange collisions between the SW ions and atmospheric gases. Energizing collisions of O with atmospheric secondary hot atoms, induced by precipitating SW ions and ENAs, are also included in our consideration. The non-thermal reaction O + H 2 ( v, j ) → H + OH( v ′, j ′) is described using recent quantum-mechanical state-to-state cross sections, which allow us to predict non-equilibrium distributions of excited rotational and vibrational states ( v ′, j ′) of OH and expected emission spectra. A fraction of produced translationally hot OH is sufficiently energetic to overcome Mars’ gravitational potential and escape into space, contributing to the hot corona. We estimate its total escape flux from the dayside of Mars for low solar activity conditions at about 1.1 × 10 23 s − 1 , or about 0.1% of the total escape rate of atomic O and H. The described non-thermal OH production mechanism is general and expected to contribute to the evolution of atmospheres of the planets, satellites, and exoplanets with similar atmospheric compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - UPPER atmosphere
KW  - HYDROXIDES
KW  - CHEMICAL kinetics
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - ION recombination
N1  - Accession Number: 120589440; Gacesa, M. 1; Email Address: marko.gacesa@nasa.gov Lewkow, N. 2; Email Address: nlewkow@gmail.com Kharchenko, V. 2,3; Email Address: kharchenko@cfa.harvard.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, United States  3: Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 284, p90; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: UPPER atmosphere; Subject Term: HYDROXIDES; Subject Term: CHEMICAL kinetics; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: ION recombination; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.10.030
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Register, Paul J.
AU  - Mathias, Donovan L.
AU  - Wheeler, Lorien F.
T1  - Asteroid fragmentation approaches for modeling atmospheric energy deposition.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 284
M3  - Article
SP  - 157
EP  - 166
SN  - 00191035
AB  - During asteroid entry, energy is deposited in the atmosphere through thermal ablation and momentum-loss due to aerodynamic drag. Analytic models of asteroid entry and breakup physics are used to compute the energy deposition, which can then be compared against measured light curves and used to estimate ground damage due to airburst events. This work assesses and compares energy deposition results from four existing approaches to asteroid breakup modeling, and presents a new model that combines key elements of those approaches. The existing approaches considered include a liquid drop or “pancake” model where the object is treated as a single deforming body, and a set of discrete fragment models where the object breaks progressively into individual fragments. The new model incorporates both independent fragments and aggregate debris clouds to represent a broader range of fragmentation behaviors and reproduce more detailed light curve features. All five models are used to estimate the energy deposition rate versus altitude for the Chelyabinsk meteor impact, and results are compared with an observationally derived energy deposition curve. Comparisons show that four of the five approaches are able to match the overall observed energy deposition profile, but the features of the combined model are needed to better replicate both the primary and secondary peaks of the Chelyabinsk curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - DRAG (Aerodynamics)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - CLOUDS
KW  - CHELYABINSK meteorite
KW  - Asteroid dynamics
KW  - Asteroids
KW  - Fragmentation
KW  - Meteors
KW  - Near-earth objects
N1  - Accession Number: 120589428; Register, Paul J. 1; Email Address: paul.j.register@vanderbilt.edu Mathias, Donovan L. 2; Email Address: donovan.mathias@nasa.gov Wheeler, Lorien F. 3; Email Address: lorien.wheeler@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Vanderbilt University, PMB 401807, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 258-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: CSRA, NASA Ames Research Center, MS 258-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 284, p157; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: DRAG (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: CLOUDS; Subject Term: CHELYABINSK meteorite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fragmentation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meteors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Near-earth objects; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.020
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Kelley, Michael S.P.
AU  - Woodward, Charles E.
AU  - Gehrz, Robert D.
AU  - Reach, William T.
AU  - Harker, David E.
T1  - Mid-infrared spectra of comet nuclei.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 284
M3  - Article
SP  - 344
EP  - 358
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Comet nuclei and D-type asteroids have several similarities at optical and near-IR wavelengths, including near-featureless red reflectance spectra, and low albedos. Mineral identifications based on these characteristics are fraught with degeneracies, although some general trends can be identified. In contrast, spectral emissivity features in the mid-infrared provide important compositional information that might not otherwise be achievable. Jovian Trojan D-type asteroids have emissivity features strikingly similar to comet comae, suggesting that they have the same compositions and that the surfaces of the Trojans are highly porous. However, a direct comparison between a comet and asteroid surface has not been possible due to the paucity of spectra of comet nuclei at mid-infrared wavelengths. We present 5–35 µm thermal emission spectra of comets 10P/Tempel 2, and 49P/Arend-Rigaux observed with the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope . Our analysis reveals no evidence for a coma or tail at the time of observation, suggesting the spectra are dominated by the comet nucleus. We fit each spectrum with the near-Earth asteroid thermal model (NEATM) and find sizes in agreement with previous values. However, the NEATM beaming parameters of the nuclei, 0.74–0.83, are systematically lower than the Jupiter-family comet population mean of 1.03 ± 0.11, derived from 16- and 22-µm photometry. We suggest this may be either an artifact of the spectral reduction, or the consequence of an emissivity low near 16 µm. When the spectra are normalized by the NEATM model, a weak 10-µm silicate plateau is evident, with a shape similar to those seen in mid-infrared spectra of D-type asteroids. A silicate plateau is also evident in previously published Spitzer spectra of the nucleus of comet 9P/Tempel 1. We compare, in detail, these comet nucleus emission features to those seen in spectra of the Jovian Trojan D-types (624) Hektor, (911) Agamemnon, and (1172) Aneas, as well as those seen in the spectra of seven comet comae. The comet comae present silicate features with two distinct shapes, either trapezoidal, or more rounded, the latter apparently due to enhanced emission near 8 to 8.5 µm. The surfaces of Tempel 2, Arend-Rigaux, and Hektor best agree with the comae that present trapezoidal features, furthering the hypothesis that the surfaces of these targets must have high porosities in order to exhibit a spectrum similar to a comet coma. An emissivity minimum at 15 µm, present in the spectra of Tempel 2, Arend-Rigaux, Hektor, and Agamemnon, is also described, the origin of which remains unidentified. The compositional similarity between D-type asteroids and comets is discussed, and our data supports the hypothesis that they have similar origins in the early Solar System. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMETARY nuclei
KW  - INFRARED spectra
KW  - ASTEROIDS
KW  - WAVELENGTHS
KW  - REFLECTANCE spectroscopy
KW  - Asteroid surfaces
KW  - Comets
KW  - Comets composition
KW  - Comets nucleus
KW  - Infrared observations
KW  - Spectroscopy
N1  - Accession Number: 120589448; Kelley, Michael S.P. 1; Email Address: msk@astro.umd.edu Woodward, Charles E. 2 Gehrz, Robert D. 2 Reach, William T. 3 Harker, David E. 4; Affiliation:  1: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2421, USA  2: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street S. E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA  3: Universities Space Research Corporation, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, MS 232-11, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0424, USA; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 284, p344; Subject Term: COMETARY nuclei; Subject Term: INFRARED spectra; Subject Term: ASTEROIDS; Subject Term: WAVELENGTHS; Subject Term: REFLECTANCE spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Asteroid surfaces; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Comets nucleus; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.029
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Eke, Vincent R.
AU  - Lawrence, David J.
AU  - Teodoro, Luís F.A.
T1  - How thick are Mercury’s polar water ice deposits?
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 284
M3  - Article
SP  - 407
EP  - 415
SN  - 00191035
AB  - An estimate is made of the thickness of the radar-bright deposits in craters near to Mercury’s north pole. To construct an objective set of craters for this measurement, an automated crater finding algorithm is developed and applied to a digital elevation model based on data from the Mercury Laser Altimeter onboard the MESSENGER spacecraft. This produces a catalogue of 663 craters with diameters exceeding 4 km, northwards of latitude + 55 ∘ . A subset of 12 larger, well-sampled and fresh polar craters are selected to search for correlations between topography and radar same-sense backscatter cross-section. It is found that the typical excess height associated with the radar-bright regions within these fresh polar craters is (50 ± 35) m. This puts an approximate upper limit on the total polar water ice deposits on Mercury of ∼ 3 × 10 15 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MARTIAN craters
KW  - ICE sheets
KW  - MERCURY (Planet)
KW  - DIGITAL elevation models
KW  - NORTH Pole
KW  - Ices
KW  - Mercury
KW  - Radar observations
KW  - surface
N1  - Accession Number: 120589446; Eke, Vincent R. 1; Email Address: v.r.eke@durham.ac.uk Lawrence, David J. 2 Teodoro, Luís F.A. 3; Affiliation:  1: Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK  2: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  3: BAER, Planetary Systems Branch, Space Science and Astrobiology Division, MS: 245-3, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000, USA; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 284, p407; Subject Term: MARTIAN craters; Subject Term: ICE sheets; Subject Term: MERCURY (Planet); Subject Term: DIGITAL elevation models; Subject Term: NORTH Pole; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mercury; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radar observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.12.001
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Benafan, O.
AU  - Garg, A.
AU  - Noebe, R.D.
AU  - Skorpenske, H.D.
AU  - An, K.
AU  - Schell, N.
T1  - Deformation characteristics of the intermetallic alloy 60NiTi.
JO  - Intermetallics
JF  - Intermetallics
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 82
M3  - Article
SP  - 40
EP  - 52
SN  - 09669795
AB  - The deformation behavior of a Ni-rich Ni 55 Ti 45 (at.%) alloy, commonly known as 60NiTi (as designated in wt.%), was analyzed using neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction during in situ isothermal tension and compression loading, and pre and post-test electron microscopy. The alloy was shown to exhibit remarkable strength and high hardness resulting from a high density of fine Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates (size ∼67 nm), which were uniformly dispersed throughout the matrix after a solution treatment and oil quench. The precipitate volume fraction was 55 ± 3%, determined from both the neutron Rietveld refinement and conventional x-ray measurements. Non-linear stress-strain behavior was observed in tension (but not in compression) and was attributed to reversible stress-induced martensite (SIM) that forms to accommodate the stress as revealed by neutron diffraction measurements. The tensile and compressive neutron data also showed peak broadening and residual lattice strains. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed stress-induced coarsening of Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates in both tension and compression tested samples, but precipitation and growth of the stable Ni 3 Ti phase was observed only after tensile testing. Finally, the potential ramifications of these microstructural changes are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Intermetallics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NICKEL-titanium alloys
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - INTERMETALLIC compounds
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - X-ray diffraction
KW  - ABSTRACTS
KW  - 60NiTi
KW  - Bearing
KW  - Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates
KW  - Shape memory alloy
KW  - Strain-induced coarsening
KW  - Stress-induced martensite
N1  - Accession Number: 120321996; Benafan, O. 1; Email Address: othmane.benafan@nasa.gov Garg, A. 1,2 Noebe, R.D. 1 Skorpenske, H.D. 3 An, K. 3 Schell, N. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Materials and Structures Division, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA  3: Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA  4: Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str. 1 D-21502, Geesthacht, Germany; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 82, p40; Subject Term: NICKEL-titanium alloys; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Subject Term: INTERMETALLIC compounds; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: X-ray diffraction; Subject Term: ABSTRACTS; Author-Supplied Keyword: 60NiTi; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bearing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ni 4 Ti 3 precipitates; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shape memory alloy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strain-induced coarsening; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stress-induced martensite; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.intermet.2016.11.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Smith, Craig
AU  - Morscher, Greg
T1  - Determination of silicon carbide fiber electrical resistivity at elevated temperature.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2017/03//Mar/Apr2017
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 228
EP  - 235
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - The resistance of Sylramic- iBN and Hi-Nicalon SiC fiber tows was measured at elevated temperature in air. Resistivity could not be directly measured, since the fibers passed through a furnace with varying temperature along the length. The resistivity of the isothermal section of the fiber tow was modeled by a series circuit of finite elements. Existing data for Hi-Nicalon resistivity vs temperature was used to verify the model and then extend it to Sylramic- iBN, for which there is no literature data readily available. The model matched experimental values with low overall error (<±14%). Fiber resistivity decreased by more than two orders of magnitude when heating from 25°C to 1400°C. Sylramic- iBN tow resistance was also measured during a 500 hour hold at 1315°C. The resistance increased by more than 140% during heat treatment. The resistance change correlated well with the decrease in SiC fiber diameter that resulted from oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SILICON carbide fibers
KW  - ELECTRICAL resistivity
KW  - HIGH temperature physics
KW  - TOW (Textiles)
KW  - ISOTHERMAL transformations
KW  - ULTRA-high-temperature ceramics
KW  - electrical conductivity
KW  - fibers
KW  - silicon carbide
N1  - Accession Number: 121744589; Smith, Craig 1 Morscher, Greg 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center  2: The University of Akron; Source Info: Mar/Apr2017, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p228; Subject Term: SILICON carbide fibers; Subject Term: ELECTRICAL resistivity; Subject Term: HIGH temperature physics; Subject Term: TOW (Textiles); Subject Term: ISOTHERMAL transformations; Subject Term: ULTRA-high-temperature ceramics; Author-Supplied Keyword: electrical conductivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: silicon carbide; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/ijac.12627
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Miller, Jesse
AU  - Reimanis, Ivar
AU  - Miao, Weiguo
AU  - Salem, Jonathan
T1  - Mechanical and optical properties in precipitated regions of alumina-rich magnesium aluminate spinel.
JO  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
JF  - International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology
Y1  - 2017/03//Mar/Apr2017
VL  - 14
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 236
EP  - 244
SN  - 1546542X
AB  - The toughening and strengthening of transparent ceramics is challenging because microstructural alterations typically lead to light scattering. Here, controlled precipitation of α-Al2O3 from nonstoichiometric spinel is explored to demonstrate unique control over the evolution of second phase Al2O3 and how the microstructure might be altered to enhance fracture toughness while minimizing light scatter. Alumina-rich magnesium aluminate spinel, MgO·nAl2O3, where n=2, was hot pressed and HIPed to produce fully dense, single-phase material. The material was then heat treated in air at 1573 K for up to 20 hours to create a two-phase spinel-Al2O3 composite. The fracture toughness varies from 0.88 to 2.47 MPa√m depending on the microstructure; enhanced toughness at the surface was due to increased crack tortuosity at phase boundaries, but residual tensile stresses were observed in the interior of the material. Precipitation causes local volume contraction and the formation of porosity, decreasing optical transmission, especially for heat treatment times longer than 5 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPINEL
KW  - TRANSPARENT ceramics
KW  - PRECIPITATION hardening
KW  - FRACTURE toughness
KW  - NONSTOICHIOMETRIC compounds
KW  - fracture mechanics/toughness
KW  - hardness
KW  - precipitates/precipitation
KW  - spinels
KW  - transparent
N1  - Accession Number: 121744582; Miller, Jesse 1 Reimanis, Ivar 1 Miao, Weiguo 2 Salem, Jonathan 3; Affiliation:  1: Colorado Center for Advanced Ceramics, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Colorado School of Mines  2: Corning Incorporated  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Source Info: Mar/Apr2017, Vol. 14 Issue 2, p236; Subject Term: SPINEL; Subject Term: TRANSPARENT ceramics; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION hardening; Subject Term: FRACTURE toughness; Subject Term: NONSTOICHIOMETRIC compounds; Author-Supplied Keyword: fracture mechanics/toughness; Author-Supplied Keyword: hardness; Author-Supplied Keyword: precipitates/precipitation; Author-Supplied Keyword: spinels; Author-Supplied Keyword: transparent; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1111/ijac.12644
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Borner, Arnaud
AU  - Panerai, Francesco
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
T1  - High temperature permeability of fibrous materials using direct simulation Monte Carlo.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 106
M3  - Article
SP  - 1318
EP  - 1326
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Porous carbon fiber materials are used as effective insulators in many applications where high temperatures are involved. In particular, they are used as the substrate of ablative thermal protection materials for atmospheric entry systems. In this application and in many other industrial uses, quantifying the permeability of porous materials is needed to compute the flow rate of gases through them, under certain environmental conditions. In this work, direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) simulations are used to compute permeability of several fibrous substrates to high temperature gases. The actual porous geometry of the materials is digitized using X-ray microtomography. Numerical results at various pressures and Knudsen numbers are compared with experimental data published in the literature. The method confirms that the pressure dependence of effective gas permeability is well represented by the Klinkenberg formulation. The method is validated by showing close agreement between measurements of permeability from simulations and experimental investigations. Four carbon fiber materials with different microstructures are investigated. We show that the permeability strongly depends on the pore size distribution, as well as on the porosity of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - SUBSTRATES (Materials science)
KW  - KNUDSEN flow
KW  - NUMERICAL analysis
KW  - MONTE Carlo method
KW  - Carbon fiber
KW  - DSMC
KW  - Permeability
KW  - Porosity
N1  - Accession Number: 120146236; Borner, Arnaud 1,2; Email Address: arnaud.p.borner@nasa.gov Panerai, Francesco 3 Mansour, Nagi N. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 4417 Mechanical Engineering Laboratory MC-144, 1206 West Green Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA  2: Computational Physics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 258-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 151 Ralph G. Anderson Bldg., Lexington, KY 40506, USA; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 106, p1318; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: SUBSTRATES (Materials science); Subject Term: KNUDSEN flow; Subject Term: NUMERICAL analysis; Subject Term: MONTE Carlo method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Carbon fiber; Author-Supplied Keyword: DSMC; Author-Supplied Keyword: Permeability; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porosity; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.10.113
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wüst, Sabine
AU  - Schmidt, Carsten
AU  - Bittner, Michael
AU  - Silber, Israel
AU  - Price, Colin
AU  - Yee, Jeng-Hwa
AU  - Mlynczak, Martin G.
AU  - IIIRussell, James M.
T1  - First ground-based observations of mesopause temperatures above the Eastern-Mediterranean Part II: OH*-climatology and gravity wave activity.
JO  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
JF  - Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 155
M3  - Article
SP  - 104
EP  - 111
SN  - 13646826
AB  - In this study, we present an analysis of approximately four years of nightly temperature data, acquired with the OH-spectrometer GRIPS 10 (GRound based Infrared P-branch Spectrometer), which was installed in Tel Aviv (32.11°N, 34.8°E), Israel in November 2011 for routine measurements. As our instrument does not give any height information, we use TIMED-SABER data in order to answer the question concerning the height region our measurement technique exactly addresses. For the first time, we estimate the density of wave potential energy for periods between some minutes and some hours for this station. These values are typical for gravity waves. Since GRIPS measurements do not currently provide vertically resolved data, the Brunt-Väisälä frequency, which is needed for the estimation of potential energy density, is calculated using TIMED-SABER measurements. The monthly mean density of wave potential energy is presented for periods shorter and longer than 60 min. For the winter months (November, December, and January), the data base allows the calculation of a seasonal mean for the different years. This publication is the companion paper to Silber et al. (2016) . Here, we focus on oscillations with shorter periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Atmospheric & Solar-Terrestrial Physics is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TEMPERATURE effect
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - CLIMATOLOGY
KW  - POTENTIAL energy
KW  - GRAVITY waves
KW  - Gravity waves
KW  - Mesopause temperature
KW  - OH-airglow
KW  - Potential energy density
N1  - Accession Number: 121507094; Wüst, Sabine 1; Email Address: sabine.wuest@dlr.de Schmidt, Carsten 1 Bittner, Michael 1,2 Silber, Israel 3,4 Price, Colin 3 Yee, Jeng-Hwa 5 Mlynczak, Martin G. 6 IIIRussell, James M. 7; Affiliation:  1: Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Deutsches Fernerkundungsdatenzentrum, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany  2: Universität Augsburg, Institut für Physik, Augsburg, Germany  3: Department of Geosciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel  4: Department of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA  5: Applied Physics Laboratory, The Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, Maryland  6: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, USA  7: Center for Atmospheric Sciences, Hampton, USA; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 155, p104; Subject Term: TEMPERATURE effect; Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: CLIMATOLOGY; Subject Term: POTENTIAL energy; Subject Term: GRAVITY waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gravity waves; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mesopause temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: OH-airglow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Potential energy density; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jastp.2017.01.003
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Guruswamy, Guru P.
T1  - Modeling of Oscillating Control Surfaces Using Overset-Grid-Based Navier-Stokes Equations Solver.
JO  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
JF  - Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 139
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 00220434
AB  - A modular procedure is presented to simulate moving control surfaces within an overset grid environment using the Navier-Stokes equations. Gaps are modeled by locally shearing the wing grids instead of using separate grids to model gaps. Grid movements for control surfaces are defined through a separate module, which is driven by an external grid generation tool. Results are demonstrated for a wing with a part-span control surface. Grids for the test case are determined from detailed grid sensitivity studies based on both nonoscillating and oscillating cases. Steady and, for the first time, unsteady pressures from overset grid computations are validated with wind tunnel data. This paper addresses the current needs of high-fidelity flow modeling to design advanced active-controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, & Control is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MECHANICAL engineering -- Periodicals
KW  - FLOW (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - NAVIER-Stokes equations
KW  - WIND tunnels
KW  - Computation
KW  - Deflection
KW  - Flow (Dynamics)
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Navier-Stokes equations
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Shearing (Deformation)
KW  - Topology
KW  - Wind tunnels
KW  - Wings
KW  - GURUSWAMY, Guru P.
N1  - Accession Number: 121041780; Guruswamy, Guru P. 1; Email Address: guru.p.guruswamy@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Computational Physics Branch, NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division, Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 139 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: MECHANICAL engineering -- Periodicals; Subject Term: FLOW (Fluid dynamics); Subject Term: NAVIER-Stokes equations; Subject Term: WIND tunnels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Computation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Deflection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow (Dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Navier-Stokes equations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shearing (Deformation); Author-Supplied Keyword: Topology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wind tunnels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Wings; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541330 Engineering Services; People: GURUSWAMY, Guru P.; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4034945
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Rampino, Michael R.
T1  - Are Some Tillites Impact-Related Debris-Flow Deposits?
JO  - Journal of Geology
JF  - Journal of Geology
Y1  - 2017/03//
VL  - 125
IS  - 2
M3  - Article
SP  - 155
EP  - 164
SN  - 00221376
AB  - A number of ancient glacial deposits, or tillites, are currently interpreted as originating by subaqueous debris-flow processes at glacial termini. Problems in identifying the glacial origin of such deposits can arise because some criteria commonly used for establishing glaciation, especially outsize clasts interpreted as dropstones from icebergs, can apparently be produced by nonglacial debris flows and debris falls. Could some of these debris-flow diamictite deposits be related to large-body impacts, especially those that occurred at times other than established glacial periods? Debris-flow ejecta of known impacts seem to be marked by mildly shocked clasts showing evidence of plastic behavior with brittle failure, commonly resulting in multiple, partially displaced fractures, grading into crushed and brecciated clasts. These deformation features entail brief periods of high confining pressures, in accord with a hypervelocity-impact origin. I report here several debris-flow diamictites, currently interpreted as tillites, that exhibit these characteristic deformed stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Geology is the property of University of Chicago Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TILLITE
KW  - DEBRIS avalanches
KW  - GLACIAL landforms
KW  - CLASTIC rocks
KW  - ICEBERGS
N1  - Accession Number: 121421414; Rampino, Michael R. 1,2; Email Address: mrr1@nyu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Departments of Biology and Environmental Studies, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, New York 10025, USA; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 125 Issue 2, p155; Subject Term: TILLITE; Subject Term: DEBRIS avalanches; Subject Term: GLACIAL landforms; Subject Term: CLASTIC rocks; Subject Term: ICEBERGS; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 5 Black and White Photographs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1086/690212
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lu, Tao
AU  - Zhang, Ye
AU  - Kidane, Yared
AU  - Feiveson, Alan
AU  - Stodieck, Louis
AU  - Karouia, Fathi
AU  - Ramesh, Govindarajan
AU  - Rohde, Larry
AU  - Wu, Honglu
T1  - Cellular responses and gene expression profile changes due to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in human fibroblasts in space.
JO  - PLoS ONE
JF  - PLoS ONE
Y1  - 2017/03//3/1/2017
VL  - 12
IS  - 3
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 19
PB  - Public Library of Science
SN  - 19326203
AB  - Living organisms in space are constantly exposed to radiation, toxic chemicals or reactive oxygen species generated due to increased levels of environmental and psychological stresses. Understanding the impact of spaceflight factors, microgravity in particular, on cellular responses to DNA damage is essential for assessing the radiation risk for astronauts and the mutation rate in microorganisms. In a study conducted on the International Space Station, confluent human fibroblasts in culture were treated with bleomycin for three hours in the true microgravity environment. The degree of DNA damage was quantified by immunofluorescence staining for γ-H2AX, which is manifested in three types of staining patterns. Although similar percentages of these types of patterns were found between flight and ground cells, there was a slight shift in the distribution of foci counts in the flown cells with countable numbers of γ-H2AX foci. Comparison of the cells in confluent and in exponential growth conditions indicated that the proliferation rate between flight and the ground may be responsible for such a shift. We also performed a microarray analysis of gene expressions in response to bleomycin treatment. A qualitative comparison of the responsive pathways between the flown and ground cells showed similar responses with the p53 network being the top upstream regulator. The microarray data was confirmed with a PCR array analysis containing a set of genes involved in DNA damage signaling; with BBC3, CDKN1A, PCNA and PPM1D being significantly upregulated in both flight and ground cells after bleomycin treatment. Our results suggest that whether microgravity affects DNA damage response in space can be dependent on the cell type and cell growth condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of PLoS ONE is the property of Public Library of Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - DNA damage
KW  - GENE expression
KW  - BLEOMYCIN
KW  - FIBROBLASTS
KW  - ACTIVE oxygen
KW  - RADIATION exposure
KW  - Anatomy
KW  - Animal cells
KW  - Artificial gene amplification and extension
KW  - Astronomical sciences
KW  - Bioassays and physiological analysis
KW  - Biochemistry
KW  - Biological tissue
KW  - Biology and life sciences
KW  - Cell biology
KW  - Cell staining
KW  - Cellular types
KW  - Connective tissue
KW  - Connective tissue cells
KW  - DNA
KW  - DNA repair
KW  - Fibroblasts
KW  - Gene expression
KW  - Genetics
KW  - Medicine and health sciences
KW  - Microarrays
KW  - Molecular biology
KW  - Molecular biology techniques
KW  - Nucleic acids
KW  - Physical sciences
KW  - Polymerase chain reaction
KW  - Research and analysis methods
KW  - Research Article
KW  - Space exploration
KW  - Spaceflight
KW  - Specimen preparation and treatment
KW  - Staining
N1  - Accession Number: 121498071; Lu, Tao 1,2 Zhang, Ye 3 Kidane, Yared 1,4 Feiveson, Alan 1 Stodieck, Louis 5 Karouia, Fathi 6 Ramesh, Govindarajan 7 Rohde, Larry 2 Wu, Honglu 1; Email Address: honglu.wu-1@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America  2: University of Houston Clear Lake, Houston, Texas, United States of America  3: NASA Kennedy Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America  4: Wyle Laboratories, Houston, Texas, United States of America  5: BioServe Space Technologies, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, United States of America  7: Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia, United States of America; Source Info: 3/1/2017, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p1; Subject Term: DNA damage; Subject Term: GENE expression; Subject Term: BLEOMYCIN; Subject Term: FIBROBLASTS; Subject Term: ACTIVE oxygen; Subject Term: RADIATION exposure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Anatomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Animal cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Artificial gene amplification and extension; Author-Supplied Keyword: Astronomical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Bioassays and physiological analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biological tissue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Biology and life sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cell staining; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cellular types; Author-Supplied Keyword: Connective tissue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Connective tissue cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA; Author-Supplied Keyword: DNA repair; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fibroblasts; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gene expression; Author-Supplied Keyword: Genetics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Medicine and health sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Microarrays; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Molecular biology techniques; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nucleic acids; Author-Supplied Keyword: Physical sciences; Author-Supplied Keyword: Polymerase chain reaction; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research and analysis methods; Author-Supplied Keyword: Research Article; Author-Supplied Keyword: Space exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spaceflight; Author-Supplied Keyword: Specimen preparation and treatment; Author-Supplied Keyword: Staining; Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1371/journal.pone.0170358
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121498071&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dennis L Waldron
AU  - Amanda Preske
AU  - Joseph M Zawodny
AU  - Todd D Krauss
AU  - Mool C Gupta
T1  - PbSe quantum dot based luminescent solar concentrators.
JO  - Nanotechnology
JF  - Nanotechnology
Y1  - 2017/03/03/
VL  - 28
IS  - 9
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09574484
AB  - The results are presented for luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) fabricated with poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (P(LMA-co-EGDMA)) and Angstrom Bond, Inc. AB9093 acrylic epoxy matrix, high quantum yield (> 70%) PbSe quantum dots (QDs) and silicon photovoltaic (Si PV) cells. LSCs were tested under a lamp with broadband illumination, photon flux-matched to a standard solar spectrum and verified under a calibrated solar lamp source. The P(LMA-co-EGDMA) sample demonstrated the highest power conversion efficiency of any known LSC fabricated with either QDs or Si PV cells, 4.74%. Additionally, increased temperature was shown to reduce efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Nanotechnology is the property of IOP Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - QUANTUM dots -- Optical properties
KW  - SOLAR concentrators -- Efficiency
KW  - PHOTON flux
N1  - Accession Number: 121074112; Dennis L Waldron 1 Amanda Preske 2 Joseph M Zawodny 3 Todd D Krauss 2 Mool C Gupta 1; Email Address: mgupta@virginia.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States of America  2: Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States of America  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23666, United States of America; Source Info: 3/3/2017, Vol. 28 Issue 9, p1; Subject Term: QUANTUM dots -- Optical properties; Subject Term: SOLAR concentrators -- Efficiency; Subject Term: PHOTON flux; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1361-6528/aa577f
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wiesner, Valerie L.
AU  - Vempati, Udaya K.
AU  - Bansal, Narottam P.
T1  - Corrigendum to “High temperature viscosity of calcium-magnesium-aluminosilicate glass from synthetic sand” [Scripta Mater. 124 (2016) 189–192].
JO  - Scripta Materialia
JF  - Scripta Materialia
Y1  - 2017/03/15/
VL  - 130
M3  - Correction Notice
SP  - 298
EP  - 298
SN  - 13596462
KW  - HIGH temperatures
KW  - VISCOSITY
KW  - DIOPSIDE
N1  - Accession Number: 120951664; Wiesner, Valerie L. 1; Email Address: valerie.l.wiesner@nasa.gov Vempati, Udaya K. 2 Bansal, Narottam P. 1; Affiliation:  1: Materials and Structures Division, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  2: Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc., Perrysburg, OH 43551, USA; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 130, p298; Subject Term: HIGH temperatures; Subject Term: VISCOSITY; Subject Term: DIOPSIDE; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Correction Notice
L3  - 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2016.12.007
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmitt, Michael P.
AU  - Stokes, Jamesa L.
AU  - Gorin, Brenna L.
AU  - Rai, Amarendra K.
AU  - Zhu, Dongming
AU  - Eden, Timothy J.
AU  - Wolfe, Douglas E.
T1  - Effect of Gd content on mechanical properties and erosion durability of sub-stoichiometric Gd2Zr2O7.
JO  - Surface & Coatings Technology
JF  - Surface & Coatings Technology
Y1  - 2017/03/15/
VL  - 313
M3  - Article
SP  - 177
EP  - 183
SN  - 02578972
AB  - Advanced thermal barrier coating materials are necessary to improve the efficiency of next-generation gas turbine engines. As such, different TBC chemistries must be developed with enhanced temperature stability above that of 7YSZ (~ 1200 °C) while maintaining thermal and mechanical reliability. The present study investigates the effect of rare earth content on the mechanical properties of ZrO 2 TBCs. Various cubic compositions in the ZrO 2 -GdO 1.5 system were investigated in the form of monolithic pellets and coatings with stoichiometric GZO serving as reference. The fracture toughness and erosion durability were evaluated, and it was found that fracture toughness decreased with increasing rare-earth content, 15.66 mol% GdO 1.5 yielding 1.25 MPa m 1/2 , compared to 1.04 MPa m 1/2 for GZO (50 mol% GdO 1.5 ). It was observed that the erosion performance of the coatings was much more sensitive to the changes in mechanical properties than the bulk specimens and showed a 125% increase through the fluorite region to GZO whereas the dense pellets only exhibited a 33% increase in erosion behavior. These results indicate that cubic ZrO 2 phase with reduced rare-earth content show promise as TBC materials with improved durability over GZO as well as temperature stability in this region of the phase diagram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Surface & Coatings Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - GADOLINIUM compounds
KW  - STOICHIOMETRY
KW  - DURABILITY
KW  - THERMAL barrier coatings
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - Erosion
KW  - Gd2Zr2O7
KW  - GZO
KW  - Mechanical properties
KW  - Thermal barrier coating
N1  - Accession Number: 121637218; Schmitt, Michael P. 1,2 Stokes, Jamesa L. 1,2 Gorin, Brenna L. 1,2 Rai, Amarendra K. 3 Zhu, Dongming 4 Eden, Timothy J. 5 Wolfe, Douglas E. 1,2,5; Email Address: dew125@arl.psu.edu; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  2: The Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA  3: UES Inc. 4401 Dayton Xenia Road, Dayton, OH 45432, USA  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, USA  5: Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 313, p177; Subject Term: GADOLINIUM compounds; Subject Term: STOICHIOMETRY; Subject Term: DURABILITY; Subject Term: THERMAL barrier coatings; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Erosion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Gd2Zr2O7; Author-Supplied Keyword: GZO; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal barrier coating; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.045
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121637218&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Generazio, E. R.
T1  - Electric Potential and Electric Field Imaging.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/20/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 12
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The technology and methods for remote quantitative imaging of electrostatic potentials and electrostatic fields in and around objects and in free space is presented. Electric field imaging (EFI) technology may be applied to characterize intrinsic or existing electric potentials and electric fields, or an externally generated electrostatic field made be used for "illuminating" volumes to be inspected with EFI. The baseline sensor technology (e-Sensor) and its construction, optional electric field generation (quasi-static generator), and current e-Sensor enhancements (ephemeral e-Sensor) are discussed. Demonstrations for structural, electronic, human, and memory applications are shown. This new EFI capability is demonstrated to reveal characterization of electric charge distribution creating a new field of study embracing areas of interest including electrostatic discharge (ESD) mitigation, crime scene forensics, design and materials selection for advanced sensors, dielectric morphology of structures, tether integrity, organic molecular memory, and medical diagnostic and treatment efficacy applications such as cardiac polarization wave propagation and electromyography imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ELECTRIC fields
KW  - ELECTRIC potential
KW  - IMAGING systems
KW  - MOLECULAR memory
KW  - DIELECTRICS
N1  - Accession Number: 121363624; Generazio, E. R. 1; Email Address: edward.r.generazio@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ELECTRIC fields; Subject Term: ELECTRIC potential; Subject Term: IMAGING systems; Subject Term: MOLECULAR memory; Subject Term: DIELECTRICS; NAICS/Industry Codes: 333316 Photographic and Photocopying Equipment Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334118 Computer Terminal and Other Computer Peripheral Equipment Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 12p; Illustrations: 10 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974566
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121363624&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Leckey, Cara A. C.
AU  - Juarez, Peter D.
T1  - Simulation of Guided Wave Interaction with In-Plane Fiber Waviness.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/20/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 8
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Reducing the timeline for certification of composite materials and enabling the expanded use of advanced composite materials for aerospace applications are two primary goals of NASA's Advanced Composites Project (ACP). A key a technical challenge area for accomplishing these goals is the development of rapid composite inspection methods with improved defect characterization capabilities. Ongoing work at NASA Langley is focused on expanding ultrasonic simulation capabilities for composite materials. Simulation tools can be used to guide the development of optimal inspection methods. Custom code based on elastodynamic finite integration technique is currently being developed and implemented to study ultrasonic wave interaction with manufacturing defects, such as in-plane fiber waviness (marcelling). This paper describes details of validation comparisons performed to enable simulation of guided wave propagation in composites containing fiber waviness. Simulation results for guided wave interaction with in-plane fiber waviness are also discussed. The results show that the wavefield is affected by the presence of waviness on both the surface containing fiber waviness, as well as the opposite surface to the location of waviness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - COMPUTER simulation
KW  - ELASTODYNAMICS
KW  - ULTRASONIC waves
KW  - FIBERS
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121363622; Leckey, Cara A. C. 1; Email Address: cara.ac.leckey@nasa.gov Juarez, Peter D. 1; Email Address: peter.d.juarez@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681 USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: COMPUTER simulation; Subject Term: ELASTODYNAMICS; Subject Term: ULTRASONIC waves; Subject Term: FIBERS; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 8p; Illustrations: 2 Diagrams, 1 Chart, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974564
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121363622&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Romanov, Volodymyr
AU  - Burke, Eric
AU  - Grubsky, Victor
T1  - Compton Imaging Tomography for Nondestructive Evaluation of Spacecraft Thermal Protection Systems.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/20/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Here we present new results of in situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of spacecraft thermal protection system materials obtained with POC-developed NDE tool based on a novel Compton Imaging Tomography (CIT) technique recently pioneered and patented by Physical Optics Corporation (POC). In general, CIT provides high-resolution threedimensional Compton scattered X-ray imaging of the internal structure of evaluated objects, using a set of acquired twodimensional Compton scattered X-ray images of consecutive cross sections of these objects. Unlike conventional computed tomography, CIT requires only one-sided access to objects, has no limitation on the dimensions and geometry of the objects, and can be applied to large multilayer non-uniform objects with complicated geometries. Also, CIT does not require any contact with the objects being imaged during its application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - NONDESTRUCTIVE testing
KW  - SPACE vehicles
KW  - X-ray imaging
KW  - PHYSICAL optics
KW  - COMPTON scattering
N1  - Accession Number: 121363734; Romanov, Volodymyr 1; Email Address: vromanov@poc.com Burke, Eric 2 Grubsky, Victor 1; Affiliation:  1: Physical Optics Corporation, Torrance, CA 90501, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: NONDESTRUCTIVE testing; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles; Subject Term: X-ray imaging; Subject Term: PHYSICAL optics; Subject Term: COMPTON scattering; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541380 Testing Laboratories; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423860 Transportation Equipment and Supplies (except Motor Vehicle) Merchant Wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336410 Aerospace product and parts manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 336414 Guided Missile and Space Vehicle Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334512 Automatic Environmental Control Manufacturing for Residential, Commercial, and Appliance Use; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334517 Irradiation Apparatus Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 6 Color Photographs, 2 Black and White Photographs, 9 Diagrams; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974676
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121363734&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zalameda, Joseph N.
AU  - Winfree, William P.
AU  - Horne, Michael R.
T1  - Damage Depth Estimation on a Fatigue Loaded Composite Structure using Thermography and Acoustic Emission.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/20/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Passive thermography and acoustic emission data were obtained on a three stringer panel during periodic fatigue loading. The acoustic emission data were mapped onto thermal data, revealing the cluster of acoustic emission event locations around the thermal signatures of interest. By combining both techniques, progression of damage growth is confirmed and areas of failure are identified. Furthermore, sudden changes in thermally measured damage growth related to a previously measured higher energy acoustic emission event are studied to determine damage depth. A thermal model with a periodic flux heat source is presented to determine the relationship between the damage depth and thermal response. The model results are compared to the measured data. Lastly, the practical application and limitations of this technique are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MATERIALS -- Fatigue
KW  - COMPOSITE structures
KW  - THERMOGRAPHY
KW  - ACOUSTIC emission
KW  - FAILURE analysis (Engineering)
N1  - Accession Number: 121363726; Zalameda, Joseph N. 1; Email Address: joseph.n.zalameda@nasa.gov Winfree, William P. 1 Horne, Michael R. 2; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, MS231 Hampton, VA 23681  2: National Institute of Aerospace, NASA Langley Research Center, MS231 Hampton, VA 23681; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MATERIALS -- Fatigue; Subject Term: COMPOSITE structures; Subject Term: THERMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: ACOUSTIC emission; Subject Term: FAILURE analysis (Engineering); Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 8 Diagrams, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974668
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121363726&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Zhenhua Tian
AU  - Leckey, Cara
AU  - Lingyu Yu
T1  - Multi-Site Delamination Detection and Quantification in Composites through Guided Wave Based Global-Local Sensing.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/20/
VL  - 1806
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 10
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - This paper presents a guided wave based global-local sensing method for rapid detection and quantification of multi-site delamination damage in large composite panels. The global-local approach uses a hybrid system consisting of a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) for generating guided waves and a non-contact scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) for acquiring guided wave data. The global-local method is performed in two steps. First, a phased array configured of a small number of SLDV scan points (for example 10×10 points in a rectangular grid array) performs inspection over the entire plate to detect and locate damage. Local areas are identified as potential damage regions for the second step. Then high density wavefield measurements are taken over the identified areas and wavefield analysis is performed to quantitatively evaluate the damage. For the proof of concept in case with multi-site damage, the global-local approach is demonstrated on a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite plate with two sites of impact-induced delamination damage. In the first step, the locations of two delamination sites are detected by the phased array method. In the second step, the delamination size and shape are evaluated using wavefield analysis. The detected delamination location, size and shape agree well with those of ultrasonic C-scan and the method led to a 93% reduction in inspection time compared to a full SLDV dense grid scan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - LASER Doppler vibrometer
KW  - PIEZOELECTRIC transducers
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - PHASED array radar
KW  - PHASED array antennas
N1  - Accession Number: 121363606; Zhenhua Tian 1; Email Address: tia@email.sc.edu Leckey, Cara 2 Lingyu Yu 1; Affiliation:  1: University of South Carolina, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia SC  2: Nondestructive Evaluation Sciences Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton VA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1806 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: LASER Doppler vibrometer; Subject Term: PIEZOELECTRIC transducers; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: PHASED array radar; Subject Term: PHASED array antennas; Number of Pages: 10p; Illustrations: 4 Diagrams, 4 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4974548
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121363606&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Stackhouse Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
AU  - Taiping Zhang
T1  - NASA/GEWEX Shortwave Surface Radiation Budget: Integrated Data Product with Reprocessed Radiance, Cloud, and Meteorology Inputs, and New Surface Albedo Treatment.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA/GEWEX Surface Radiation Budget (SRB) project produces shortwave and longwave surface and top of atmosphere radiative fluxes for the 1983-near present time period. Spatial resolution is 1 degree. The current Release 3.0 (available at gewex-srb.larc.nasa.gov) uses the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) DX product for pixel level radiance and cloud information. This product is subsampled to 30 km. ISCCP is currently recalibrating and recomputing their entire data series, to be released as the H product, at 10km resolution. The ninefold increase in pixel number will allow SRB a higher resolution gridded product (e.g. 0.5 degree), as well as the production of pixel-level fluxes. Other key input improvements include a detailed aerosol history using the Max Planck Institute Aerosol Climatology (MAC), and temperature and moisture profiles from nnHIRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - ICE clouds
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121406978; Cox, Stephen J. 1; Email Address: Stephen.J.Cox@nasa.gov Stackhouse Jr., Paul W. 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1 Taiping Zhang 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI, Inc., 1 Enterprise Pkwy, Suite 200, Hampton, VA 23666  2: NASA Langley Research Center, MS 420, Hampton, VA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: ICE clouds; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 3 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975541
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121406978&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Dodson, J. Brant
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Monthly Covariability of Amazonian Convective Cloud Properties and Radiative Diurnal Cycle.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The diurnal cycle of convective clouds greatly influences the top-of-atmosphere radiative energy balance in convectively active regions of Earth, through both direct presence and the production of anvil and stratiform clouds. CloudSat and CERES data are used to further examine these connections by determining the sensitivity of monthly anomalies in the radiative diurnal cycle to monthly anomalies in multiple cloud variables. During months with positive anomalies in convective frequency, the longwave diurnal cycle is shifted and skewed earlier in the day by the increased longwave cloud forcing during the afternoon from mature deep convective cores and associated anvils. This is consistent with previous studies using reanalysis data to characterize anomalous convective instability. Contrary to this, months with positive anomalies in convective cloud top height (commonly associated with more intense convection) shifts the longwave diurnal cycle later in the day. The contrary results are likely an effect of the inverse relationships between cloud top height and frequency. The albedo diurnal cycle yields inconsistent results when using different cloud variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - CONVECTIVE clouds
KW  - STRATUS clouds
KW  - INVERSE relationships (Mathematics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC radiation
N1  - Accession Number: 121406960; Dodson, J. Brant 1; Email Address: jason.b.dodson@nasa.gov Taylor, Patrick C. 2; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd, MS: 420, Hampton, VA, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd, MS: 420, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: CONVECTIVE clouds; Subject Term: STRATUS clouds; Subject Term: INVERSE relationships (Mathematics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC radiation; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975523
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121406960&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hegyi, Bradley M.
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Seasonal Clear-sky Flux and Cloud Radiative Effect Anomalies in the Arctic Atmospheric Column Associated with the Arctic Oscillation and Arctic Dipole.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The impact of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Arctic Dipole (AD) on the radiative flux into the Arctic mean atmospheric column is quantified. 3-month-averaged AO and AD indices are regressed with corresponding surface and top-of-atmosphere (TOA) fluxes from the CERES-SFC and CERES-TOA EBAF datasets over the period 2000-2014. An increase in clear-sky fluxes into the Arctic mean atmospheric column during fall is the largest net flux anomaly associated with AO, primarily driven by a positive net longwave flux anomaly (i.e. increase of net flux into the atmospheric column) at the surface. A decrease in the Arctic mean atmospheric column cloud radiative effect during winter and spring is the largest flux anomaly associated with AD, primarily driven by a change in the longwave cloud radiative effect at the surface. These prominent responses to AO and AD are widely distributed across the ice-covered Arctic, suggesting that the physical process or processes that bring about the flux change associated with AO and AD are distributed throughout the Arctic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ARCTIC oscillation
KW  - WINTER
KW  - CLOUD physics
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - WATER vapor transport
N1  - Accession Number: 121406961; Hegyi, Bradley M. 1; Email Address: bradley.m.hegyi@nasa.gov Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ARCTIC oscillation; Subject Term: WINTER; Subject Term: CLOUD physics; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: WATER vapor transport; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 1 Graph, 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975524
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121406961&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Itterly, Kyle F.
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Evaluation of the Sensitivity of the Amazonian Diurnal Cycle to Convective Intensity in Reanalyses.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Model parameterizations of tropical deep convection are unable to reproduce the observed diurnal and spatial variability of convection in the Amazon, which contributes to climatological biases in the water cycle and energy budget. Convective intensity regimes are defined using percentiles of daily minimum 3-hourly averaged outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES). This study compares the observed spatial variability of convective diurnal cycle statistics for each regime to MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim (ERA) reanalysis data sets. Composite diurnal cycle statistics are computed for daytime hours (06:00-21:00 local time) in the wet season (December-January-February). MERRA-2 matches observations more closely than ERA for domain averaged composite diurnal statistics--specifically precipitation. However, ERA reproduces mesoscale features of OLR and precipitation phase associated with topography and the propagation of the coastal squall line. Both reanalysis models are shown to underestimate extreme convection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - ENERGY budget (Geophysics)
KW  - HYDROLOGIC cycle
KW  - ROSSBY waves
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - INTERTROPICAL convergence zone
N1  - Accession Number: 121406962; Itterly, Kyle F. 1; Email Address: kyle.f.itterly@nasa.gov Taylor, Patrick C. 2; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems & Applications, Inc., Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Climate Science Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: ENERGY budget (Geophysics); Subject Term: HYDROLOGIC cycle; Subject Term: ROSSBY waves; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: INTERTROPICAL convergence zone; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Graph, 2 Maps; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975525
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121406962&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Larar, Allen M.
AU  - Smith, William L.
AU  - Zhou, Daniel K.
AU  - Xu Liu
AU  - Jialin Tian
T1  - Airborne field experiments and select radiance analysis focused on SNPP validation.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The Suomi NPP (SNPP) satellite began a critical first step in building the next-generation Earth observing satellite system for the US, continuing key environmental data records that are essential for weather forecasting and climate change science. Since its launch in late 2011, two airborne field campaigns have been conducted with a primary focus on SNPP instrument and data product calibration / validation: 1) mid-latitude flights based out of Palmdale, CA during May 2013 (SNPP-1), and 2) flights over Greenland during March 2015 while based out of Keflavik, Iceland (SNPP-2). In addition to under-flying SNPP, aircraft flight profiles were defined to also obtain coincident observations with the NASA A-train (i.e. AQUA), MetOP-A, and MetOP-B advanced sounder satellites (i.e. AIRS, IASI, and CrIS), along with radiosonde and ground truth sites. The NASA LaRC National Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) was one of the key payload sensors aboard the ER-2 aircraft during these campaigns. This presentation gives an overview of the SNPP field campaigns and shows example infrared spectral radiance inter-comparisons involving NAST-I and other measurement assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC acoustics
KW  - WEATHER forecasting
KW  - CLIMATIC changes
KW  - RADIOSONDES
KW  - Atmospheric sounding
KW  - Information content
KW  - Infrared spectral radiance
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121406956; Larar, Allen M. 1 Smith, William L. 2,3 Zhou, Daniel K. 1 Xu Liu 1 Jialin Tian 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: SSAI / LaRC, Hampton, VA, USA  3: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC acoustics; Subject Term: WEATHER forecasting; Subject Term: CLIMATIC changes; Subject Term: RADIOSONDES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheric sounding; Author-Supplied Keyword: Information content; Author-Supplied Keyword: Infrared spectral radiance; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; NAICS/Industry Codes: 541990 All Other Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Map; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975519
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121406956&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Shrestha, A. K.
AU  - Kato, S.
AU  - Wong, T.
AU  - Stackhouse, P. W.
AU  - Rose, F.
AU  - Miller, W. F.
AU  - Bush, K.
AU  - Rutan, D. A.
AU  - Minnis, P.
AU  - Doelling, D.
T1  - Spectral Unfiltering of ERBE WFOV Nonscanner Shortwave Observations and Revisiting its Radiation Dataset from 1985 to 1998.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Wide-field-of-view (WFOV) nonscanner instruments were onboard NASA's Earth Radiation Budget Satellite (ERBS) and the NOAA-9 and NOAA-10 satellites, and provided broadband shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) irradiances from 1984 to 1999. However, Lee et al. (2002) noted degradation in the WFOV SW dome transmissivity. To account for this degradation, these SW instruments were calibrated with the spectrally flat gray assumption. More recently, Loeb et al. (2012) showed higher degradation in the transmissivity of shorter wavelengths suggesting a need for both temporal and spectral dependent corrections for better calibration. Such an approach may also eliminate an additional adjustment that was applied to irradiances in the existing products to remove the observed trend of day-minusnight longwave irradiances (Wong et al. 2006). We plan to reprocess the ERBE WFOV nonscanner record by characterizing the spectral degradation of the SW dome transmissivity over time. Solar data observed by the WFOV SW nonscanner during calibration days are used to estimate a time and spectral dependent spectral response function (SRF). Coefficients derived from this SRF are then used to improve the irradiance estimate. In addition, since the spectrum of reflected irradiance depends on scene type, ISCCP-derived cloud properties and surface type are used. Preliminary results indicate that taking account of spectral degradation reduces the observed day-minus-night longwave irradiance trends in the tropics (20ON and 20OS) by ~34%, while almost all of the trend is removed in the region between 60ON and 60OS. This presentation explains the reprocessing approach and compares the existing and reprocessed ERBE dataset. Once ERBS measurements are calibrated against CERES instruments, this work allows for the generation of a long-term radiation datasets consistent with those provided by CERES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROWAVE measurements
KW  - WIDE field telescopes
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - WAVELENGTH measurement
KW  - SPECTRAL irradiance
KW  - ENERGY dissipation
N1  - Accession Number: 121406985; Shrestha, A. K. 1; Email Address: alok.k.shrestha@nasa.gov Kato, S. 2 Wong, T. 2 Stackhouse, P. W. 2 Rose, F. 1 Miller, W. F. 1 Bush, K. 1 Rutan, D. A. 1 Minnis, P. 2 Doelling, D. 2; Affiliation:  1: Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, Virginia United States  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, United States; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MICROWAVE measurements; Subject Term: WIDE field telescopes; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: WAVELENGTH measurement; Subject Term: SPECTRAL irradiance; Subject Term: ENERGY dissipation; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 5 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975548
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121406985&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stamnes, Snorre
AU  - Stamnes, Knut
AU  - Wei Li
AU  - Yongzhen Fan
AU  - Nan Chen
AU  - Tomonori Tanikawa
AU  - Stamnes, Jakob J.
T1  - What if MODIS could measure the Q Stokes parameter?
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Simultaneous retrieval of aerosol and surface properties by means of inverse techniques based on a coupled atmospheresurface radiative transfer model and optimal estimation can yield a considerable improvement in retrieval accuracy based on radiances measured by MERIS, MODIS, and similar instruments compared with traditional methods. There are uniqueness problems associated with radiometric remote sensing measurements (like MERIS/MODIS) that ignore polarization effects, and rely on measuring only the radiance. Use of polarization measurements is particularly important for absorbing aerosols over coastal waters as well as over bright targets such as snow-covered and bare sea ice, where it has proved difficult to retrieve aerosol singlescattering albedo from radiance-only spectrometers such as MERIS and MODIS. We use a vector radiative transfer model for the coupled atmosphere-surface system (C-VRTM) in conjunction with an Optimal Estimation/Levenberg-Marquardt (OE/LM) method to quantify how polarization measurements can be used to overcome the uniqueness problems associated with radianceonly retrieval of aerosol parameters. However, this study also indicates that even for existing radiance-only instruments like MERIS and MODIS and future instrument like OLCI, use of a C-VRTM as a forward model in the inversion can lead to significant enhancement of retrieval capabilities, and facilitate simultaneous retrieval of absorbing aerosols and marine parameters in turbid coastal environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer equation
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC aerosols
KW  - REMOTE sensing
KW  - SURFACE properties
N1  - Accession Number: 121407019; Stamnes, Snorre 1 Stamnes, Knut 2; Email Address: knut.stamnes@stevens.edu Wei Li 2 Yongzhen Fan 2 Nan Chen 2 Tomonori Tanikawa 3 Stamnes, Jakob J. 4; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA  2: Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA  3: Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1, Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan  4: Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Norway; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: MODIS (Spectroradiometer); Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer equation; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; Subject Term: REMOTE sensing; Subject Term: SURFACE properties; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975582
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121407019&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taiping Zhang
AU  - Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W.
AU  - Gupta, Shashi K.
AU  - Cox, Stephen J.
AU  - Mikovitz, J. Colleen
T1  - Validating the New Results from the Next Generation of the NASA GEWEX SRB against the BSRN, GEBA, WRDC as well as the PMEL Data.
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - The NASA GEWEX SRB project is moving toward the next generation, or Release 4, of its products as its algorithms are updated and new inputs from the ISCCP become available. This paper compares its early shortwave/longwave results with the surface-based BSRN, GEBA, WRDC as well as the PMEL data. The comparison statistics show that the new algorithms along with the new inputs appreciably improve the quality of the products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIATION measurements
KW  - MICROWAVE measurements
KW  - RADIATIVE transfer -- Mathematical models
KW  - FLUX (Energy)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - EARTH (Planet)
KW  - SURFACE
N1  - Accession Number: 121406992; Taiping Zhang 1; Email Address: Taiping.Zhang@NASA.gov Stackhouse, Jr., Paul W. 2 Gupta, Shashi K. 1 Cox, Stephen J. 1 Mikovitz, J. Colleen 1; Affiliation:  1: SSAI/NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 927, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 23681, USA  2: NASA Langley Research Center, Mail Stop 420, 21 Langley Boulevard, Hampton, VA 28681, USA; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: RADIATION measurements; Subject Term: MICROWAVE measurements; Subject Term: RADIATIVE transfer -- Mathematical models; Subject Term: FLUX (Energy); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: EARTH (Planet); Subject Term: SURFACE; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 6 Charts, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975555
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Taylor, Patrick C.
T1  - Does A Relationship Between Arctic Low Clouds and Sea Ice Matter?
JO  - AIP Conference Proceedings
JF  - AIP Conference Proceedings
Y1  - 2017/03/25/
VL  - 1810
IS  - 1
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 4
SN  - 0094243X
AB  - Arctic low clouds strongly affect the Arctic surface energy budget. Through this impact Arctic low clouds influence important aspects of the Arctic climate system, namely surface and atmospheric temperature, sea ice extent and thickness, and atmospheric circulation. Arctic clouds are in turn influenced by these elements of the Arctic climate system, and these interactions create the potential for Arctic cloud-climate feedbacks. To further our understanding of potential Arctic cloudclimate feedbacks, the goal of this paper is to quantify the influence of atmospheric state on the surface cloud radiative effect (CRE) and its covariation with sea ice concentration (SIC). We build on previous research using instantaneous, active remote sensing satellite footprint data from the NASA A-Train. First, the results indicate significant differences in the surface CRE when stratified by atmospheric state. Second, there is a weak covariation between CRE and SIC for most atmospheric conditions. Third, the results show statistically significant differences in the average surface CRE under different SIC values in fall indicating a 3-5 W m-2 larger LW CRE in 0% versus 100% SIC footprints. Because systematic changes on the order of 1 W m-2 are sufficient to explain the observed long-term reductions in sea ice extent, our results indicate a potentially significant amplifying sea ice-cloud feedback, under certain meteorological conditions, that could delay the fall freeze-up and influence the variability in sea ice extent and volume. Lastly, a small change in the frequency of occurrence of atmosphere states may yield a larger Arctic cloud feedback than any cloud response to sea ice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of AIP Conference Proceedings is the property of American Institute of Physics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SEA ice
KW  - SURFACE energy
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC temperature
KW  - MICROWAVE radiometers
KW  - ARCTIC regions -- Climate
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121406967; Taylor, Patrick C. 1; Email Address: patrick.c.taylor@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, 21 Langley Blvd. Hampton, VA, USA 23602; Source Info: 2017, Vol. 1810 Issue 1, p1; Subject Term: SEA ice; Subject Term: SURFACE energy; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC temperature; Subject Term: MICROWAVE radiometers; Subject Term: ARCTIC regions -- Climate; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 4p; Illustrations: 1 Chart, 2 Graphs; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1063/1.4975530
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121406967&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Randall Smith
AU  - Jia-Ming Li
AU  - Alfred Müller
AU  - Farid Salama
T1  - Special issue on atomic and molecular data for astrophysics.
JO  - Journal of Physics: B Atomic Molecular & Optical Physics
JF  - Journal of Physics: B Atomic Molecular & Optical Physics
Y1  - 2017/03/28/
VL  - 50
IS  - 6
M3  - Article
SP  - 1
EP  - 1
SN  - 09534075
AB  - An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including laboratory astrophysics, electronic transitions in atoms and ions and astrophysical plasmas.
KW  - ASTROPHYSICS
KW  - SELECTION rules (Nuclear physics)
KW  - PLASMA astrophysics
N1  - Accession Number: 121692726; Randall Smith 1 Jia-Ming Li 2 Alfred Müller 3 Farid Salama 4; Affiliation:  1: High Energy Astrophysics Department, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, United States of America  2: Physics Department, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, People’s Republic of China  3: Institut für Atom- und Molekülphysik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany  4: Space Science Astrophysics Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, United States of America; Source Info: 3/28/2017, Vol. 50 Issue 6, p1; Subject Term: ASTROPHYSICS; Subject Term: SELECTION rules (Nuclear physics); Subject Term: PLASMA astrophysics; Number of Pages: 1p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1088/1361-6455/aa5b22
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121692726&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schipani, F.
AU  - Miller, D.R.
AU  - Ponce, M.A.
AU  - Aldao, C.M.
AU  - Akbar, S.A.
AU  - Morris, P.A.
AU  - Xu, J.C.
T1  - Conduction mechanisms in SnO2 single-nanowire gas sensors: An impedance spectroscopy study.
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2017/03/31/
VL  - 241
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 108
SN  - 09254005
AB  - Results of studies on single and multiple SnO 2 nanowire gas sensors with impedance spectroscopy are reported. Equivalent circuit modeling is used to draw fundamental conclusions about the dominant conduction mechanism in single-nanowire sensors, where the diameter of the nanowire is found to play a key role. This is then extended to multiple-nanowire sensors. For single-nanowire sensors, I–V measurements are also used to demonstrate that the contribution from the electrode-nanowire contact to the overall resistance changes with atmosphere and temperature. We find that for the randomly-orientated multiple-nanowire sensors, the main contribution to the resistance comes from the nanowire–nanowire junction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TIN oxides
KW  - NANOWIRES
KW  - GAS detectors
KW  - IMPEDANCE spectroscopy
KW  - ELECTRODES
KW  - Equivalent circuit
KW  - Impedance spectroscopy
KW  - Multiple nanowire
KW  - Single nanowire
KW  - SnO 2
N1  - Accession Number: 120406149; Schipani, F. 1,2 Miller, D.R. 1,3 Ponce, M.A. 2 Aldao, C.M. 2 Akbar, S.A. 1; Email Address: akbar.1@osu.edu Morris, P.A. 1 Xu, J.C. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43212, United States  2: Institute of Materials Science and Technology (INTEMA), University of Mar del Plata and National Research Council (CONICET), B7608FDQ Mar del Plata, Argentina  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Mar2017, Vol. 241, p99; Subject Term: TIN oxides; Subject Term: NANOWIRES; Subject Term: GAS detectors; Subject Term: IMPEDANCE spectroscopy; Subject Term: ELECTRODES; Author-Supplied Keyword: Equivalent circuit; Author-Supplied Keyword: Impedance spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multiple nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: Single nanowire; Author-Supplied Keyword: SnO 2; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417930 Professional machinery, equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325180 Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325189 All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2016.10.061
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - CONF
AU  - Clarke, J.D.A.
AU  - Willson, D.
AU  - Smith, H.
AU  - Hobbs, S.W.
AU  - Jones, E.
T1  - Southern Meridiani Planum - A candidate landing site for the first crewed mission to Mars.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 133
M3  - Proceeding
SP  - 195
EP  - 220
SN  - 00945765
AB  - Astronauts working on the surface of Mars have the capability to explore efficiently, rapidly, and flexibly, allowing them to perform a wide range of field investigations. NASA has begun an open international process to identify and evaluate candidate locations where crews could land, live and work on the martian surface, beginning with the First Landing Site/Exploration Zone Workshop for Human Missions to the Surface of Mars in October 2015. Forty seven sites were proposed, including several at or near the Meridiani area, the subject of this paper. We consider the Meridiani area an excellent candidate for the first missions to Mars. It is accessible, safe, contains potential water resources in the form of poly-hydrated magnesium sulphates, has diverse science features with high likelihood of meeting all science goals, has other potential resources and potential for further longer-ranged exploration. The presence of hardware from previous missions will be of benefit to studies of materials to martian conditions, assessing the effectiveness of historic planetary protection strategies, and engaging public interest. Lastly, parts of the Meridiani region have been well studied from the surface by the Opportunity mission, providing ground truth for orbital data. As one of the best documented regions of Mars this will allow a “Go where you know” approach for the first crewed missions, especially with regard to safety, trafficability, and water resource potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OUTER space
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Landing
KW  - MARS (Planet)
KW  - MARS landing sites
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Water-supply
KW  - EXPLORATION
KW  - Crewed missions
KW  - Exploration
KW  - ISRU
KW  - Landing site selection
KW  - Mars
KW  - Meridiani planum
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121540174; Clarke, J.D.A. 1,2; Email Address: jon.clarke@bigpond.com Willson, D. 1,3; Email Address: david.willson@nasa.gov Smith, H. 3; Email Address: heather.d.smith@nasa.gov Hobbs, S.W. 1,4; Email Address: swhobbs2000@hotmail.com Jones, E. 1,5; Email Address: eriita.jones@unisa.edu.au; Affiliation:  1: Mars Society Australia, P.O. Box 327, Clifton Hill, VIC 3068, Australia  2: Australian Centre for Astrobiology, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052 Australia  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: School of Physical Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, UNSW Canberra, Australian Defence Force Academy, Northcott Drive, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra 2600, Australia  5: Division of IT, Engineering and the Environment, Bonython Jubilee Building, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 133, p195; Subject Term: OUTER space; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Landing; Subject Term: MARS (Planet); Subject Term: MARS landing sites; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Water-supply; Subject Term: EXPLORATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: Crewed missions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Exploration; Author-Supplied Keyword: ISRU; Author-Supplied Keyword: Landing site selection; Author-Supplied Keyword: Mars; Author-Supplied Keyword: Meridiani planum; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Proceeding
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.12.039
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Burton, R.
AU  - Rock, S.
AU  - Springmann, J.
AU  - Cutler, J.
T1  - Online attitude determination of a passively magnetically stabilized spacecraft.
JO  - Acta Astronautica
JF  - Acta Astronautica
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 133
M3  - Article
SP  - 269
EP  - 281
SN  - 00945765
AB  - An online attitude determination filter is developed for a nano satellite that has no onboard attitude sensors or gyros. Specifically, the attitude of NASA Ames Research Center's O/OREOS, a passively magnetically stabilized 3U CubeSat, is determined using only an estimate of the solar vector obtained from solar panel currents. The filter is based upon the existing multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF) but instead of relying on gyros to drive the motion model, the filter instead incorporates a model of the spacecraft's attitude dynamics in the motion model. An attitude determination accuracy of five degrees is demonstrated, a performance verified using flight data from the University of Michigan's RAX-1. Although the filter was designed for the specific problem of a satellite without gyros or attitude determination it could also be used to provide smoothing of noisy gyro signals or to provide a backup in the event of gyro failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Acta Astronautica is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPACE vehicles -- Attitude control systems
KW  - NANOSATELLITES -- Attitude control systems
KW  - KALMAN filtering
KW  - PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems
KW  - GYROSCOPES
KW  - SOLAR magnetic fields
KW  - Attitude determination
KW  - Kalman Filter
KW  - MEKF
KW  - Nano satellites
KW  - Online estimation
KW  - Passive magnetic stabilization
N1  - Accession Number: 121540184; Burton, R. 1,2,3 Rock, S. 1 Springmann, J. 4 Cutler, J. 4; Affiliation:  1: Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Millennium Engineering and Integration Services, 2231 Crystal Dr, Arlington, VA 22202, United States  4: University of Michigan, 1320 Beal Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 133, p269; Subject Term: SPACE vehicles -- Attitude control systems; Subject Term: NANOSATELLITES -- Attitude control systems; Subject Term: KALMAN filtering; Subject Term: PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems; Subject Term: GYROSCOPES; Subject Term: SOLAR magnetic fields; Author-Supplied Keyword: Attitude determination; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kalman Filter; Author-Supplied Keyword: MEKF; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nano satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Online estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Passive magnetic stabilization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 237130 Power and Communication Line and Related Structures Construction; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.01.024
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121540184&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Corbetta, Matteo
AU  - Saxena, Abhinav
AU  - Giglio, Marco
AU  - Goebel, Kai
T1  - An investigation of strain energy release rate models for real-time prognosis of fiber-reinforced laminates.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 165
M3  - Article
SP  - 99
EP  - 114
SN  - 02638223
AB  - Technological advancements in real-time distributed sensing and processing for structural health monitoring systems have enabled exploration of the next frontier in structural health monitoring for in situ condition-based prediction of remaining life of damaged or aging structures. In that context, model-based prognostics methods have shown considerable promising results. These methods require that suitable damage progression models are available or be developed. Recent works have shown that energy release rate models work effectively for predicting material stiffness degradation based on matrix-cracking. However, since delamination and matrix-cracking damage modes are known to co-exist and fuel each other’s progression, it is desirable to investigate extension of these models for multiple damage modes. To that end, this paper analyzes several multiple damage-mode models from composite modeling literature and assesses them against experimental data from run-to-failure aging experiments. These models aim to estimate and correlate strain energy release rate and the residual stiffness as a function of the damage extent. Model review in this work reports modeling behavior and mathematical complexity along with strengths and limitations of these models. This is expected to guide selection of suitable model for a more robust prognostic solution generalized for more realistic degradation scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FIBROUS composites
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - STRUCTURAL mechanics
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - STRUCTURAL health monitoring
KW  - PREDICTION models
KW  - CFRP
KW  - Damage estimation
KW  - Damage prognosis
KW  - Energy release rate
KW  - Fatigue
KW  - Structural health monitoring
N1  - Accession Number: 121133434; Corbetta, Matteo 1; Email Address: matteo.corbetta@polimi.it Saxena, Abhinav 2 Giglio, Marco 1 Goebel, Kai 3; Affiliation:  1: Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Meccanica, via La Masa 1, 20156 Milan, Italy  2: General Electric Global Research, San Ramon 94583 CA, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, 94035 CA, USA; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 165, p99; Subject Term: FIBROUS composites; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: STRUCTURAL mechanics; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Subject Term: STRUCTURAL health monitoring; Subject Term: PREDICTION models; Author-Supplied Keyword: CFRP; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage estimation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Damage prognosis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Energy release rate; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fatigue; Author-Supplied Keyword: Structural health monitoring; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.01.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121133434&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Fletcher, Leigh N.
AU  - de Pater, I.
AU  - Reach, W.T.
AU  - Wong, M.
AU  - Orton, G.S.
AU  - Irwin, P.G.J.
AU  - Gehrz, R.D.
T1  - Jupiter’s para-H2 distribution from SOFIA/FORCAST and Voyager/IRIS 17–37 µm spectroscopy.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 286
M3  - Article
SP  - 223
EP  - 240
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Spatially resolved maps of Jupiter’s far-infrared 17–37 µm hydrogen-helium collision-induced spectrum were acquired by the FORCAST instrument on the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) in May 2014. Spectral scans in two grisms covered the broad S(0) and S(1) absorption lines, in addition to contextual imaging in eight broad-band filters (5–37 µm) with spatial resolutions of 2–4″. The spectra were inverted to map the zonal-mean temperature and para-H 2 distribution ( f p , the fraction of the para spin isomer with respect to the ortho spin isomer) in Jupiter’s upper troposphere (the 100–700 mbar range). We compared these to a reanalysis of Voyager-1 and -2 IRIS spectra covering the same spectral range. Tropospheric temperature contrasts match those identified by Voyager in 1979, within the limits of temporal variability consistent with previous investigations. Para-H 2 increases from equator to pole, with low- f p air at the equator representing sub-equilibrium conditions (i.e., less para-H 2 than expected from thermal equilibration), and high- f p air and possible super-equilibrium at higher latitudes. In particular, we confirm the continued presence of a region of high- f p air at high northern latitudes discovered by Voyager/IRIS, and an asymmetry with generally higher f p in the north than in the south. Far-IR aerosol opacity is not required to fit the data, but cannot be completely ruled out. We note that existing collision-induced absorption databases lack opacity from (H 2 ) 2 dimers, leading to under-prediction of the absorption near the S(0) and S(1) peaks. There appears to be no spatial correlation between para-H 2 and tropospheric ammonia, phosphine and cloud opacity derived from Voyager/IRIS at mid-infrared wavelengths (7–15 µm). We note, however, that para-H 2 tracks the similar latitudinal distribution of aerosols within Jupiter’s upper tropospheric and stratospheric hazes observed in reflected sunlight, suggesting that catalysis of hydrogen equilibration within the hazes (and not the main clouds) may govern the equator-to-pole gradient, with conditions closer to equilibrium at higher latitudes. This gradient is superimposed onto smaller-scale variations associated with regional advection of para-H 2 at the equator and poles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - JUPITER (Planet)
KW  - HYDROGEN
KW  - STRATOSPHERE
KW  - TROPOSPHERE
KW  - INFRARED astronomy
KW  - Atmospheres
KW  - Composition
KW  - Dynamics
KW  - Jupiter
N1  - Accession Number: 121189288; Fletcher, Leigh N. 1; Email Address: leigh.fletcher@leicester.ac.uk de Pater, I. 2 Reach, W.T. 3 Wong, M. 2 Orton, G.S. 4 Irwin, P.G.J. 5 Gehrz, R.D. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK  2: University of California, Berkeley, Astronomy Dept., 601 Campbell Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411, USA  3: Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, Universities Space Research Association, Mail Stop 232-11, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA  5: Atmospheric, Oceanic & Planetary Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK  6: Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, 116 Church Street, S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 286, p223; Subject Term: JUPITER (Planet); Subject Term: HYDROGEN; Subject Term: STRATOSPHERE; Subject Term: TROPOSPHERE; Subject Term: INFRARED astronomy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dynamics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Jupiter; NAICS/Industry Codes: 325120 Industrial Gas Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.10.002
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bednarcyk, Brett A.
AU  - Aboudi, Jacob
AU  - Arnold, Steven M.
T1  - Micromechanics of composite materials governed by vector constitutive laws.
JO  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
JF  - International Journal of Solids & Structures
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 110/111
M3  - Article
SP  - 137
EP  - 151
SN  - 00207683
AB  - The high-fidelity generalized method of cells micromechanics theory has been extended for the prediction of the effective property tensor and the corresponding local field distributions for composites whose constituents are governed by vector constitutive laws. As shown, the shear analogy, which can predict effective transverse properties, is not valid in the general three-dimensional case. Consequently, a general derivation is presented that is applicable to both continuously and discontinuously reinforced composites with arbitrary vector constitutive laws and periodic microstructures. Results are given for thermal and electric problems, effective properties and local field distributions, ordered and random microstructures, as well as complex geometries including woven composites. Comparisons of the theory's predictions are made to test data, numerical analysis, and classical expressions from the literature. Further, classical methods cannot provide the local field distributions in the composite, and it is demonstrated that, as the percolation threshold is approached, their predictions are increasingly unreliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Solids & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - MICROMECHANICS
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - SHEAR (Mechanics)
KW  - THERMAL analysis
KW  - Composite materials
KW  - Dielectric constant
KW  - Electric permittivity
KW  - High-fidelity generalized method of cells
KW  - Micromechanics
KW  - Modeling
KW  - Thermal conductivity
N1  - Accession Number: 121558584; Bednarcyk, Brett A. 1; Email Address: Brett.A.Bednarcyk@nasa.gov Aboudi, Jacob 2 Arnold, Steven M. 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH, U.S.A.  2: Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 110/111, p137; Subject Term: MICROMECHANICS; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Subject Term: SHEAR (Mechanics); Subject Term: THERMAL analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Composite materials; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dielectric constant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electric permittivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: High-fidelity generalized method of cells; Author-Supplied Keyword: Micromechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Modeling; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal conductivity; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2017.01.033
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Strafaccia, Joshua A.
AU  - Ölçmen, Semih M.
AU  - Hoke, John L.
AU  - Paxson, Daniel E.
T1  - Intake Flow Analysis of a Pulsed Detonation Engine.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 139
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 041201-1
EP  - 041201-9
SN  - 07424795
AB  - Unsteady flow within the intake system of a hydrogen-air pulse detonation engine (PDE) has been analyzed using a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) computational fluid dynamic (CFD) code. The analysis provides insight into the unsteady nature of localized equivalence ratios and their effects on PDE performance. For this purpose, a code originally configured to model the PDE tube proper was modified to include a 6.1 m long intake with a single fuel injector located approximately 3.05 m upstream of the primary intake valve. The results show that constant fuel mass flow rate injection from the injector creates large local variations in equivalence ratio throughout the PDE within a cycle. The effect of fill fraction on the engine performance is better described with the presence of the inlet model. However, the effect of ignition delay is shown to be better predicted with a model without the inlet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Cycles
KW  - Engines
KW  - Explosions
KW  - Flow (Dynamics)
KW  - Fuels
KW  - Ignition delay
KW  - Pressure
KW  - Thrust
KW  - Valves
N1  - Accession Number: 121316374; Strafaccia, Joshua A. 1; Email Address: joshua.strafaccia@us.af.mil Ölçmen, Semih M. 2; Email Address: solcmen@eng.ua.edu Hoke, John L. 3; Email Address: john.hoke.4.ctr@us.af.mil Paxson, Daniel E. 4; Email Address: daniel.e.paxson@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: USAF Test Pilot School Class 15A, 220 South Wolfe Avenue, Edwards AFB, CA 93524; University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487  2: Associate Professor Mem. ASME Aerospace Engineering and Mechanics Department, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487  3: Innovative Scientific Solutions, Inc., Dayton, OH 45459  4: NASA Glenn Research Center, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 139 Issue 4, p041201-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Cycles; Author-Supplied Keyword: Engines; Author-Supplied Keyword: Explosions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow (Dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Fuels; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ignition delay; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thrust; Author-Supplied Keyword: Valves; Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4034635
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Slaboch, Paul E.
AU  - Stephens, David B.
AU  - Van Zante, Dale E.
AU  - Wernet, Mark P.
T1  - Effect of Aft Rotor on the Inter-Rotor Flow of an Open Rotor Propulsion System.
JO  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
JF  - Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 139
IS  - 4
M3  - Article
SP  - 041202-1
EP  - 041202-10
SN  - 07424795
AB  - The effects of the aft rotor on the inter-rotor flow field of an open rotor propulsion rig (ORPR) were examined. A particle image velocimetry (PIV) dataset that was acquired phase locked to the front rotor position has been phase averaged based on the relative phase angle between the forward and aft rotors. The aft rotor phase was determined by feature tracking in raw PIV images through an image-processing algorithm. The effects of the aft rotor potential field on the inter-rotor flow were analyzed and shown to be in reasonably good agreement with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The aft rotor position was shown to have a significant upstream effect, with implications for front rotor interaction noise. It was found that the aft rotor had no substantial effect on the position of the forward rotor tip vortex but did have a small effect on the circulation strength of the vortex when the rotors were highly loaded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines & Power is the property of American Society of Mechanical Engineers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - Flow (Dynamics)
KW  - Rotors
N1  - Accession Number: 121316375; Slaboch, Paul E. 1; Email Address: pslaboch@stmartin.edu Stephens, David B. 2; Email Address: david.stephens@nasa.gov Van Zante, Dale E. 2; Email Address: dale.e.vanzante@nasa.gov Wernet, Mark P. 3; Email Address: mark.p.wernet@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mem. ASME Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Martin's University, Cebula Hall 103D, 5000 Abbey Way SE, Lacey, WA 98503  2: Mem. ASME NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 54/3, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135  3: NASA Glenn Research Center, MS 77/2, 21000 Brookpark Road, Cleveland, OH 44135; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 139 Issue 4, p041202-1; Author-Supplied Keyword: Flow (Dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Rotors; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1115/1.4034356
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121316375&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Li, Wei
AU  - Yan, Lei
AU  - Karnati, Sreekar
AU  - Liou, Frank
AU  - Newkirk, Joseph
AU  - Taminger, Karen M. Brown
AU  - Seufzer, William J.
T1  - Ti-Fe intermetallics analysis and control in joining titanium alloy and stainless steel by Laser Metal Deposition.
JO  - Journal of Materials Processing Technology
JF  - Journal of Materials Processing Technology
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 242
M3  - Article
SP  - 39
EP  - 48
SN  - 09240136
AB  - There are urgent needs to join titanium alloy and stainless steel so that their outstanding mechanical properties can be utilized integratedly in the aeronautics and astronautics industries. However, direct fusion joining two alloys can cause brittle Ti-Fe intermetallics which compromise the mechanical properties of diffusion bonds between titanium alloys and stainless steel. Therefore, filler metals are required as transition layers. In this research, stainless steel metallic powder was directly deposited on the titanium alloy substrate by laser beam, the Ti-Fe intermetallic phases formed in this process were investigated through analyzing fracture morphology, phase identification, and Vickers Hardness Number (VHN). After that, Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) was applied to explore a new fabricating process to join Ti6Al4V and SS316. A transition composition route was introduced (Ti6Al4V → V → Cr → Fe → SS316) to avoid the intermetallic phase between Ti6Al4V and SS316. A thin wall sample was fabricated via LMD following the transition composition route. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) tests were conducted. The results demonstrate that the generation of intermetallic phases is effectively avoided following the composition route. Microstructure characterization and composition distribution analysis were performed via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS). The SEM results indicated that rapid solidification results in the elongated microstructure. The EDS result can reflect the transition composition route design. Besides, the diffusions of metals are detected in the EDS results. Vickers hardness test was executed to observe the VHN distribution from Ti6Al4V to SS316. Vickers hardness result showed that there was no significant formation of intermetallic phases. Comparing with directly depositing SS316 on Ti6Al4V, the usage of the new transition route can eliminate the Ti-Fe intermetallics effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Materials Processing Technology is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - TITANIUM-iron alloys
KW  - INTERMETALLIC compounds
KW  - STAINLESS steel
KW  - METALS -- Mechanical properties
KW  - PLATING
KW  - LASERS in chemistry
KW  - Laser metal deposition
KW  - SS316
KW  - Ti-Fe intermetallic
KW  - Ti6Al4V
N1  - Accession Number: 120320792; Li, Wei 1; Email Address: nmgadhwl@yahoo.com Yan, Lei 1 Karnati, Sreekar 1 Liou, Frank 1 Newkirk, Joseph 2 Taminger, Karen M. Brown 3 Seufzer, William J. 3; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States  2: Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States  3: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 242, p39; Subject Term: TITANIUM-iron alloys; Subject Term: INTERMETALLIC compounds; Subject Term: STAINLESS steel; Subject Term: METALS -- Mechanical properties; Subject Term: PLATING; Subject Term: LASERS in chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Laser metal deposition; Author-Supplied Keyword: SS316; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ti-Fe intermetallic; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ti6Al4V; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332810 Coating, engraving, cold and heat treating and allied activities; NAICS/Industry Codes: 332813 Electroplating, Plating, Polishing, Anodizing, and Coloring; NAICS/Industry Codes: 331110 Iron and Steel Mills and Ferroalloy Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.11.010
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Edwards, Michael B.
AU  - Dewoolkar, Mandar M.
AU  - Huston, Dryver R.
AU  - Creager, Colin
T1  - Bevameter testing on simulant Fillite for planetary rover mobility applications.
JO  - Journal of Terramechanics
JF  - Journal of Terramechanics
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 70
M3  - Article
SP  - 13
EP  - 26
SN  - 00224898
AB  - This paper examines pressure-sinkage and shearing behavior via bevameter testing of a light-weight, granular simulant called Fillite in support of laboratory modeling of rover mobility in high-sinkage, high-slip environments typically found on Mars, the Moon, and other planetary bodies. Normal bevameter test results helped to determine parameters for the Bekker model, the New Model of Mobility (N2M) sinkage model, and the Bekker-Wong model. A case study used the Bekker-Wong model parameters to predict the possible sinkage of 84% into Fillite of a wheel on the Mars Spirit rover, a value within the observed sinkage of 50–90% of the wheel diameter of the Spirit rover on Mars. Shear bevameter testing of Fillite provided a second set of parameters to assess shear behavior, this time simulating the stresses and shear deformations imparted by rotating wheels. The results compared well to the estimated shear stresses and deformations of Martian soil caused by the wheels of the Spirit rover. When compared to other simulants (e.g. GRC-1), the results confirm that Fillite is possibly more suitable for high-sinkage and high-slip rover studies than other typical simulants derived from natural terrestrial soils and rocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of Terramechanics is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLANETARY geology
KW  - ROVING vehicles (Astronautics)
KW  - VEHICLE-terrain interaction
KW  - SHEARING force
KW  - DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics)
KW  - Bevameter testing
KW  - Fillite
KW  - Martian simulant
KW  - Pressure-sinkage model
N1  - Accession Number: 121244893; Edwards, Michael B. 1; Email Address: mbedward12@gmail.com Dewoolkar, Mandar M. 2; Email Address: mdewoolk@uvm.edu Huston, Dryver R. 1; Email Address: dryver.huston@uvm.edu Creager, Colin 3; Email Address: colin.m.creager@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Mechanical Engineering, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, United States  2: Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Vermont, 33 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT 05405, United States  3: Mechanical Engineer, NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 70, p13; Subject Term: PLANETARY geology; Subject Term: ROVING vehicles (Astronautics); Subject Term: VEHICLE-terrain interaction; Subject Term: SHEARING force; Subject Term: DEFORMATIONS (Mechanics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Bevameter testing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Fillite; Author-Supplied Keyword: Martian simulant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pressure-sinkage model; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jterra.2016.10.004
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121244893&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Bomarito, G.F.
AU  - Hochhalter, J.D.
AU  - Ruggles, T.J.
AU  - Cannon, A.H.
T1  - Increasing accuracy and precision of digital image correlation through pattern optimization.
JO  - Optics & Lasers in Engineering
JF  - Optics & Lasers in Engineering
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 91
M3  - Article
SP  - 73
EP  - 85
SN  - 01438166
AB  - The accuracy and precision of digital image correlation (DIC) is based on three primary components: image acquisition, image analysis, and the subject of the image. Focus on the third component, the image subject, has been relatively limited and primarily concerned with comparing pseudo-random surface patterns. In the current work, a strategy is proposed for the creation of optimal DIC patterns. In this strategy, a pattern quality metric is developed as a combination of quality metrics from the literature rather than optimization based on any single one of them. In this way, optimization produces a pattern which balances the benefits of multiple quality metrics. Specifically, sum of square of subset intensity gradients (SSSIG) was found to be the metric most strongly correlated to DIC accuracy and thus is the main component of the newly proposed pattern quality metric. A term related to the secondary auto-correlation peak height is also part of the proposed quality metric which effectively acts as a constraint upon SSSIG ensuring that a regular (e.g., checkerboard-type) pattern is not achieved. The combined pattern quality metric is used to generate a pattern that was on average 11.6% more accurate than a randomly generated pattern in a suite of numerical experiments. Furthermore, physical experiments were performed which confirm that there is indeed improvement of a similar magnitude in DIC measurements for the optimized pattern compared to a random pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Optics & Lasers in Engineering is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ACCURACY
KW  - PRECISION (Information retrieval)
KW  - DIGITAL image processing
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics)
KW  - 2D full-field measurements
KW  - Image correlation
KW  - Pattern optimization
KW  - Pattern quality metrics
N1  - Accession Number: 120756575; Bomarito, G.F. 1; Email Address: geoffrey.f.bomarito@nasa.gov Hochhalter, J.D. 1 Ruggles, T.J. 2 Cannon, A.H. 3,4; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA  2: National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, USA  3: 1900 Engineering, LLC, Clemson, SC, USA  4: Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 91, p73; Subject Term: ACCURACY; Subject Term: PRECISION (Information retrieval); Subject Term: DIGITAL image processing; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: AUTOCORRELATION (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: 2D full-field measurements; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image correlation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pattern optimization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pattern quality metrics; Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.optlaseng.2016.11.005
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120756575&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Hong, Nanki
AU  - Park, ChanOh
AU  - Kim, Donghoon
AU  - Jeong, Ki-Soo
AU  - Yoon, Jun-Sik
AU  - Jin, Bo
AU  - Meyyappan, M.
AU  - Lee, Jeong-Soo
T1  - Buffer effects of two functional groups against pH variation at aminosilanized Electrolyte-Oxide-Semiconductor (EOS) capacitor.
JO  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
JF  - Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical
Y1  - 2017/04//
VL  - 242
M3  - Article
SP  - 324
EP  - 331
SN  - 09254005
AB  - The pH sensitivity variations of Electrolyte-Oxide-Semiconductor (EOS) capacitor with both silanol and amine groups are analyzed in terms of their functional group ratio theoretically and experimentally. The phenomena causing the pH sensitivity variations are explained by the buffer effect of each functional group by using Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to compare the state ratio of the acid and the conjugate base of silanol and amine groups. When p is defined as the amine group fraction among the total functional groups, the theoretical pH sensitivity is relatively high around p = 0.3 or 0.7, but low at p = 0, 0.5 or 1. In addition, EOS capacitors with four types of surface treatments for various p are fabricated and characterized by C-V measurements. The pH sensitivity values of the fabricated EOS capacitors corresponding to all p values fit well with the theoretical results. This work allows to explain the reactions on the surface membrane and the characteristics of the pH sensitivity depending on the functional group ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Sensors & Actuators B: Chemical is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PH effect
KW  - FUNCTIONAL groups
KW  - CAPACITORS
KW  - AMINO acids
KW  - ORGANIC chemistry
KW  - PHYSICS experiments
KW  - Buffer effect
KW  - Electrolyte-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitor
KW  - pH sensitivity
KW  - Silanization
N1  - Accession Number: 120755233; Hong, Nanki 1 Park, ChanOh 2 Kim, Donghoon 1 Jeong, Ki-Soo 1 Yoon, Jun-Sik 3 Jin, Bo 1 Meyyappan, M. 4 Lee, Jeong-Soo 1,2; Email Address: ljs6951@postech.ac.kr; Affiliation:  1: Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea  2: Division of IT-Convergence Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea  3: Creative IT Engineering and Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea  4: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA, 94035, USA; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 242, p324; Subject Term: PH effect; Subject Term: FUNCTIONAL groups; Subject Term: CAPACITORS; Subject Term: AMINO acids; Subject Term: ORGANIC chemistry; Subject Term: PHYSICS experiments; Author-Supplied Keyword: Buffer effect; Author-Supplied Keyword: Electrolyte-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitor; Author-Supplied Keyword: pH sensitivity; Author-Supplied Keyword: Silanization; NAICS/Industry Codes: 334416 Capacitor, Resistor, Coil, Transformer, and Other Inductor Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335999 All Other Miscellaneous Electrical Equipment and Component Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 417320 Electronic components, navigational and communications equipment and supplies merchant wholesalers; NAICS/Industry Codes: 423690 Other Electronic Parts and Equipment Merchant Wholesalers; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.snb.2016.10.146
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120755233&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lakshminarayan, Vinod K.
AU  - Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan
AU  - Roget, Beatrice
AU  - Wissink, Andrew M.
T1  - Development and validation of a multi-strand solver for complex aerodynamic flows.
JO  - Computers & Fluids
JF  - Computers & Fluids
Y1  - 2017/04/02/
VL  - 147
M3  - Article
SP  - 41
EP  - 62
SN  - 00457930
AB  - The strand grid approach is a flow solution method where a prismatic-like grid using “strands” is grown to a short distance from the body surface to capture the viscous boundary layer and the rest of the domain is covered using an adaptive Cartesian grid. The approach offers several advantages in terms of nearly automatic grid generation and adaptation, ability to implement fast and efficient flow solvers that use structured data in both the strand and Cartesian grids, and the development of efficient and highly scalable domain connectivity algorithm. An improvement to this approach is the multi-strand strategy, where multiple strands are allowed from each surface vertex to enhance grid resolution near sharp corners. This paper introduces a fully parallel and highly efficient flow solver called mStrand that is developed from ground-up to operate on multi-strand meshes. The strand solver is integrated to HPCMP CREATE TM -AV Helios framework to simulate complex aerodynamic flows. Detailed validation of the solver is shown on problems with varying degrees of complexity and comparison with experimental data. A performance study shows that the strand solver is nearly as efficient as a structured grid solver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Fluids is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - AERODYNAMICS
KW  - BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics)
KW  - VISCOUS flow
KW  - DATA analysis
KW  - COMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid dynamics)
KW  - Cartesian AMR
KW  - Compressible flow
KW  - Dual-mesh paradigm
KW  - Finite volume method
KW  - Hovering rotor
KW  - Multi-strand approach
KW  - Strand grid
KW  - Tip vortices
N1  - Accession Number: 121358892; Lakshminarayan, Vinod K. 1; Email Address: vinod.k.lakshminarayan.ctr@mail.mil Sitaraman, Jayanarayanan 2; Email Address: jayanarayanan.sitaraman.ctr@mail.mil Roget, Beatrice 1; Email Address: beatrice.f.roget.ctr@mail.mil Wissink, Andrew M. 3; Email Address: andrew.m.wissink.civ@mail.mil; Affiliation:  1: Science & Technology Corporation, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA  2: Parallel Geometric Algorithms LLC, Sunnyvale, CA USA  3: US Army Aviation Development Directorate - ADD (AMRDEC), Moffett Field, CA USA; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 147, p41; Subject Term: AERODYNAMICS; Subject Term: BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics); Subject Term: VISCOUS flow; Subject Term: DATA analysis; Subject Term: COMPRESSIBLE flow (Fluid dynamics); Author-Supplied Keyword: Cartesian AMR; Author-Supplied Keyword: Compressible flow; Author-Supplied Keyword: Dual-mesh paradigm; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite volume method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hovering rotor; Author-Supplied Keyword: Multi-strand approach; Author-Supplied Keyword: Strand grid; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tip vortices; Number of Pages: 22p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compfluid.2017.02.002
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121358892&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Ryoo, Ju-Mee
AU  - Johnson, Matthew S.
AU  - Iraci, Laura T.
AU  - Yates, Emma L.
AU  - Gore, Warren
T1  - Investigating sources of ozone over California using AJAX airborne measurements and models: Assessing the contribution from long-range transport.
JO  - Atmospheric Environment
JF  - Atmospheric Environment
Y1  - 2017/04/15/
VL  - 155
M3  - Article
SP  - 53
EP  - 67
SN  - 13522310
AB  - High ozone (O 3 ) concentrations at low altitudes (1.5–4 km) were detected from airborne Alpha Jet Atmospheric eXperiment (AJAX) measurements on 30 May 2012 off the coast of California (CA). We investigate the causes of those elevated O 3 concentrations using airborne measurements and various models. GEOS-Chem simulation shows that the contribution from local sources is likely small. A back-trajectory model was used to determine the air mass origins and how much they contributed to the O 3 over CA. Low-level potential vorticity (PV) from Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications 2 (MERRA-2) reanalysis data appears to be a result of the diabatic heating and mixing of airs in the lower altitudes, rather than be a result of direct transport from stratospheric intrusion. The Q diagnostic, which is a measure of the mixing of the air masses, indicates that there is sufficient mixing along the trajectory to indicate that O 3 from the different origins is mixed and transported to the western U.S. The back-trajectory model simulation demonstrates the air masses of interest came mostly from the mid troposphere (MT, 76%), but the contribution of the lower troposphere (LT, 19%) is also significant compared to those from the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UT/LS, 5%). Air coming from the LT appears to be mostly originating over Asia. The possible surface impact of the high O 3 transported aloft on the surface O 3 concentration through vertical and horizontal transport within a few days is substantiated by the influence maps determined from the Weather Research and Forecasting–Stochastic Time Inverted Lagrangian Transport (WRF-STILT) model and the observed increases in surface ozone mixing ratios. Contrasting this complex case with a stratospheric-dominant event emphasizes the contribution of each source to the high O 3 concentration in the lower altitudes over CA. Integrated analyses using models, reanalysis, and diagnostic tools, allows high ozone values detected by in-situ measurements to be attributed to multiple source processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - OZONE
KW  - ALPHA Jet (Training plane)
KW  - AIR pollutants
KW  - AIR masses
KW  - VORTEX motion
KW  - Long-range transport from Asia
KW  - Measurements and models
KW  - Ozone
KW  - Stratospheric intrusion
KW  - Surface impact
N1  - Accession Number: 121556835; Ryoo, Ju-Mee 1,2; Email Address: ju-mee.ryoo@nasa.gov Johnson, Matthew S. 1 Iraci, Laura T. 1 Yates, Emma L. 1,2 Gore, Warren 1; Affiliation:  1: Earth Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, United States  2: Bay Area Environment Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA, United States; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 155, p53; Subject Term: OZONE; Subject Term: ALPHA Jet (Training plane); Subject Term: AIR pollutants; Subject Term: AIR masses; Subject Term: VORTEX motion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Long-range transport from Asia; Author-Supplied Keyword: Measurements and models; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ozone; Author-Supplied Keyword: Stratospheric intrusion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface impact; Number of Pages: 15p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121556835&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stanford, Bret K.
AU  - Jutte, Christine V.
T1  - Comparison of curvilinear stiffeners and tow steered composites for aeroelastic tailoring of aircraft wings.
JO  - Computers & Structures
JF  - Computers & Structures
Y1  - 2017/04/15/
VL  - 183
M3  - Article
SP  - 48
EP  - 60
SN  - 00457949
AB  - A series of aeroelastic optimization problems are solved on a high aspect ratio wingbox of the Common Research Model, in an effort to minimize structural mass under coupled stress, buckling, and flutter constraints. Two technologies are of particular interest: tow steered composite laminate skins and curvilinear stiffeners. Both methods are found to afford feasible reductions in mass over their non-curvilinear structural counterparts, through both distinct and shared mechanisms for passively controlling aeroelastic performance. Some degree of diminishing returns are seen when curvilinear stiffeners and curvilinear fiber tow paths are used simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Computers & Structures is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - LINE integrals
KW  - STIFFNESS (Mechanics)
KW  - COMPOSITE materials
KW  - AEROELASTICITY
KW  - MATHEMATICAL optimization
KW  - BUCKLING (Mechanics)
N1  - Accession Number: 121358945; Stanford, Bret K. 1; Email Address: bret.k.stanford@nasa.gov Jutte, Christine V. 2; Email Address: christine.v.jutte@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, 23681, United States  2: Craig Technologies, Inc., Cape Canaveral, FL, 32920, United States; Source Info: Apr2017, Vol. 183, p48; Subject Term: LINE integrals; Subject Term: STIFFNESS (Mechanics); Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials; Subject Term: AEROELASTICITY; Subject Term: MATHEMATICAL optimization; Subject Term: BUCKLING (Mechanics); Number of Pages: 13p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruc.2017.01.010
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121358945&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McElroy, Mark
T1  - Use of an enriched shell finite element to simulate delamination-migration in a composite laminate.
JO  - Composite Structures
JF  - Composite Structures
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 167
M3  - Article
SP  - 88
EP  - 95
SN  - 02638223
AB  - A formulation is presented for an enriched shell finite element capable of progressive damage simulation in composite laminates. The element enrichment uses the Floating Node Method to discretely represent delamination, and the Virtual Crack Closure Technique to predict damage growth. The damage path is not predefined by the user and it can consist of delaminations and transverse matrix cracking. The element is computationally efficient and is intended to demand less time and expertise from the user than existing laminate damage simulation tools. In this study, the enriched element is used to simulate delamination-migration in a composite laminate. Good correlation was found between the enriched shell element model results and the experimental data set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Composite Structures is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - FINITE element method
KW  - COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination
KW  - LAMINATED materials
KW  - CONTINUUM damage mechanics
KW  - FRACTURE mechanics
KW  - Delamination-migration
KW  - Finite element analysis
KW  - Floating node method
KW  - Progressive damage analysis
KW  - Shell element
N1  - Accession Number: 121402809; McElroy, Mark 1; Email Address: mark.w.mcelroy@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Durability, Damage Tolerance, and Reliability Branch, NASA Langley Research Center, W. Reid St, Mail Stop 188E, Hampton, VA 23681, United States; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 167, p88; Subject Term: FINITE element method; Subject Term: COMPOSITE materials -- Delamination; Subject Term: LAMINATED materials; Subject Term: CONTINUUM damage mechanics; Subject Term: FRACTURE mechanics; Author-Supplied Keyword: Delamination-migration; Author-Supplied Keyword: Finite element analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Floating node method; Author-Supplied Keyword: Progressive damage analysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Shell element; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.01.057
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121402809&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Nimmo, F.
AU  - Bierson, C.J.
AU  - Grundy, W.M.
AU  - Cook, J.C.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Parker, A.H.
AU  - Moore, J.M.
AU  - Spencer, J.R.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Ennico Smith, K.
T1  - Origin of the Pluto–Charon system: Constraints from the New Horizons flyby.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 2
EP  - 11
SN  - 00191035
AB  - New Horizon's accurate determination of the sizes and densities of Pluto and Charon now permit precise internal models of both bodies to be constructed. Assuming differentiated rock-ice structures, we find that Pluto is close to 2/3 solar-composition anhydrous rock by mass and Charon 3/5 solar-composition anhydrous rock by mass. Pluto and Charon are closer to each other in density than to other large (≳1000-km diameter) Kuiper belt bodies. Despite this, we show that neither the possible presence of an ocean under Pluto's water ice shell (and no ocean within Charon), nor enhanced porosity at depth in Charon's icy crust compared with that of Pluto, are sufficient to make Pluto and Charon's rock mass fractions match. All four small satellites (Styx, Nix, Kerberos, Hydra) appear much icier in comparison with either Pluto or Charon. In terms of a giant impact origin, both these inferences are most consistent with the relatively slow collision of partly differentiated precursor bodies (Canup, Astrophys. J. 141, 35, 2011). This is in turn consistent with dynamical conditions in the ancestral Kuiper belt, but implies that the impact precursors themselves accreted relatively late and slowly (to limit 26 Al and accretional heating). The iciness of the small satellites is not consistent with direct formation of the Pluto–Charon system from a streaming instability in the solar nebula followed by prompt collapse of gravitationally bound “pebble piles,” a proposed formation mechanism for Kuiper belt binaries (Nesvorný et al., Astron. J. 140, 785–793, 2010). Growth of Pluto-scale bodies by accretion of pebbles in the ancestral Kuiper belt is not ruled out, however, and may be needed to prevent the precursor bodies from fully differentiating, due to buried accretional heat, prior to the Charon-forming impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC composition
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - Abundances, interiors
KW  - Accretion
KW  - Charon
KW  - Kuiper belt
KW  - Origin, solar system
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Pluto, satellites
KW  - Satellites, composition
KW  - Satellites, formation
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431346; McKinnon, William B. 1; Email Address: mckinnon@wustl.edu Stern, S.A. 2 Weaver, H.A. 3 Nimmo, F. 4 Bierson, C.J. 4 Grundy, W.M. 5 Cook, J.C. 2 Cruikshank, D.P. 6 Parker, A.H. 2 Moore, J.M. 6 Spencer, J.R. 2 Young, L.A. 2 Olkin, C.B. 2 Ennico Smith, K. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA  2: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, UC Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  5: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p2; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC composition; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Abundances, interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Accretion; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Origin, solar system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, satellites; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, formation; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.019
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Nimmo, Francis
AU  - Umurhan, Orkan
AU  - Lisse, Carey M.
AU  - Bierson, Carver J.
AU  - Lauer, Tod R.
AU  - Buie, Marc W.
AU  - Throop, Henry B.
AU  - Kammer, Josh A.
AU  - Roberts, James H.
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Zangari, Amanda M.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Olkin, Cathy B.
AU  - Ennico, Kim
T1  - Mean radius and shape of Pluto and Charon from New Horizons images.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 12
EP  - 29
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Approach images taken by the LORRI imaging system during the New Horizons spacecraft encounter have been used to determine the mean radii and shapes of Pluto and Charon. The primary observations are limb locations derived using three independent approaches. The resulting mean radii of Pluto and Charon are 1188.3 ± 1.6 km and 606.0 ± 1.0 km, respectively (2-σ). The corresponding densities are 1854 ± 11 kg/m 3 and 1701 ± 33 kg/m 3 (2-σ). The Charon radius value is consistent with previous Earth-based occultation estimates. The Pluto radius estimate is consistent with solar occultation measurements performed by the ALICE and Fine Sun Sensor instruments on New Horizons . Neither Pluto nor Charon show any evidence for tidal/rotational distortions; upper bounds on the oblateness are < 0.6% and < 0.5%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy)
KW  - OBLATENESS constant
KW  - Interiors
KW  - Kuiper belt
KW  - Satellites, formation
KW  - Satellites, shapes
KW  - Thermal histories
KW  - Trans-neptunian objects
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431341; Nimmo, Francis 1; Email Address: fnimmo@es.ucsc.edu Umurhan, Orkan 2 Lisse, Carey M. 3 Bierson, Carver J. 1 Lauer, Tod R. 4 Buie, Marc W. 5 Throop, Henry B. 6 Kammer, Josh A. 5 Roberts, James H. 3 McKinnon, William B. 7 Zangari, Amanda M. 5 Moore, Jeffrey M. 2 Stern, S. Alan 5 Young, Leslie A. 5 Weaver, Harold A. 3 Olkin, Cathy B. 5 Ennico, Kim 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States  4: NOAO, P.O. Box 26732, Tucson, AZ 85726, United States  5: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St. Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  6: Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E Fort Lowell Suite 106, Tucson, AZ 85719, United States  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p12; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: OCCULTATIONS (Astronomy); Subject Term: OBLATENESS constant; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interiors; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, formation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, shapes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Thermal histories; Author-Supplied Keyword: Trans-neptunian objects; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 18p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.06.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431341&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - Earle, Alissa M.
AU  - Buie, Marc W.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Olkin, Cathy B.
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Grundy, Will
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Lisse, Carey M.
AU  - Lauer, Tod R.
T1  - Climate zones on Pluto and Charon.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 30
EP  - 36
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We give an explanatory description of the unusual “climate zones” on Pluto that arise from its high obliquity (mean 115°) and high amplitude (±12°) of obliquity oscillation over a 2.8 million year period. The zones we describe have astronomically defined boundaries and do not incorporate atmospheric circulation. For such a high mean obliquity, the lines of tropics (greatest latitudes where the Sun can be overhead) cycle closer to each pole than does each arctic circle, which in turn cycle nearly to the equator. As a consequence in an astronomical context, Pluto is more predominantly “tropical” than “arctic.” Up to 97% of Pluto's surface area can experience overhead Sun when the obliquity cycle is at its minimum of 103°. At this same obliquity phase (most recently occurring 0.8 Myr ago), 78% of Pluto's surface experienced prolonged intervals without sunlight or “arctic winter” (and corresponding “arctic summer”). The intersection of these climate zones implies that a very broad range of Pluto's latitudes (spanning 13–77° in each hemisphere; 75% of the total surface area) are both tropical and arctic. While some possible correlations to these climate zones are suggested by comparison with published maps of Pluto and Charon yielded by the New Horizons mission, in this work we present a non-physical descriptive analysis only. For example, the planet-wide dark equatorial band presented by Stern et al. (2015 ; Science, 350, 292–299) corresponds to Pluto's permanent “diurnal zone.” In this zone spanning latitudes within ±13° of the equator, day-night cycles occur each Pluto rotation (6.4 days) such that neither “arctic winter” nor “arctic summer” has been experienced in this zone for at least 20 million years. The stability of this and other climate zones may extend over several Gyr. Temperature modeling shows that the continuity of diurnal cycles in this region may be the key factor enabling a long-term stability for the high albedo contrast between Tombaugh Regio adjacent to the dark Cthulhu Regio ( Earle et al. (2017 ) Icarus , special issue, submitted). (All names are informal.) Charon's synchronous alignment with Pluto dictates that both bodies in the binary pair have the same climate zone structure, but any effects on Charon's morphology may be limited if volatile transport there is minimal or absent. Cold-trapped methane-rich volatiles on top of its water ice surface may be responsible for forming Charon's dark red north polar cap ( Grundy et al., 2016b ), and we note the most concentrated area of this feature resides almost entirely within the permanent “polar zone” (above 77° latitude) where the Sun never reaches the overhead point and arctic seasons have been most consistently experienced over at least tens of millions of years. Pluto is not alone among bodies in the Kuiper belt (and uranian satellites) in having high obliquities, overlapping tropical and arctic zones, and latitude bands that remain in a continuous diurnal cycle over long terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC circulation
KW  - CIRCADIAN rhythms
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - Charon
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Pluto, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 121431337; Binzel, Richard P. 1; Email Address: rpb@mit.edu Earle, Alissa M. 1 Buie, Marc W. 2 Young, Leslie A. 2 Stern, S. Alan 2 Olkin, Cathy B. 2 Ennico, Kimberly 3 Moore, Jeffrey M. 3 Grundy, Will 4 Weaver, Harold A. 5 Lisse, Carey M. 5 Lauer, Tod R. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA  2: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  6: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85726, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p30; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC circulation; Subject Term: CIRCADIAN rhythms; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, surface; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.07.023
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431337&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Earle, Alissa M.
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Grundy, W.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
T1  - Long-term surface temperature modeling of Pluto.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 37
EP  - 46
SN  - 00191035
AB  - NASA’s New Horizons’ reconnaissance of the Pluto system has revealed at high resolution the striking albedo contrasts from polar to equatorial latitudes on Pluto, as well as the sharpness of boundaries for longitudinal variations. These contrasts suggest that Pluto must undergo dynamic evolution that drives the redistribution of volatiles. Using the New Horizons results as a template, we explore the surface temperature variations driven seasonally on Pluto considering multiple timescales. These timescales include the current orbit (248 years) as well as the timescales for obliquity precession (peak-to-peak amplitude of 23° over 3 million years) and regression of the orbital longitude of perihelion (3.7 million years). These orbital variations create epochs of “Extreme Seasons” where one pole receives a short, relatively warm summer and long winter, while the other receives a much longer, but less intense summer and short winter. We use thermal modeling to build upon the long-term insolation history model described by Earle and Binzel (2015) and investigate how these seasons couple with Pluto’s albedo contrasts to create temperature effects. From this study we find that a bright region at the equator, once established, can become a site for net deposition. We see the region informally known as Sputnik Planitia as an example of this, and find it will be able to perpetuate itself as an “always available” cold trap, thus having the potential to survive on million year or substantially longer timescales. Meanwhile darker, low-albedo, regions near the equator will remain relative warm and generally not attract volatile deposition. We argue that the equatorial region is a “preservation zone” for whatever albedo is seeded there. This offers insight as to why the equatorial band of Pluto displays the planet’s greatest albedo contrasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - SURFACE temperature
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - LATITUDE
KW  - atmosphere
KW  - Pluto
KW  - surface
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431347; Earle, Alissa M. 1; Email Address: alissaearle@gmail.com Binzel, Richard P. 1 Young, Leslie A. 2 Stern, S.A. 2 Ennico, K. 3 Grundy, W. 4 Olkin, C.B. 2 Weaver, H.A. 5; Affiliation:  1: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, US  2: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p37; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: SURFACE temperature; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: LATITUDE; Author-Supplied Keyword: atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: surface; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 10p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.036
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431347&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Earle, A.M.
AU  - Singer, K.N.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Moore, J.M.
AU  - McKinnon, W.B.
AU  - Spencer, J.R.
T1  - Past epochs of significantly higher pressure atmospheres on Pluto.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 47
EP  - 53
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Pluto is known to have undergone thousands of cycles of obliquity change and polar precession. These variations have a large and corresponding impact on the total average solar insolation reaching various places on Pluto's surface as a function of time. Such changes could produce dramatic increases in surface pressure and may explain certain features observed by New Horizons on Pluto's surface, including some that indicate the possibility of surface paleo-liquids. This paper is the first to discuss multiple lines of geomorphological evidence consistent with higher pressure epochs in Pluto's geologic past, and it also the first to provide a mechanism for potentially producing the requisite high pressure conditions needed for an environment that could support liquids on Pluto. The presence of such liquids and such conditions, if borne out by future work, would fundamentally affect our view of Pluto's past climate, volatile transport, and geological evolution. This paper motivates future, more detailed climate modeling and geologic interpretation efforts in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - SURFACE pressure
KW  - GEOMORPHOLOGY
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC models
KW  - SOLAR system
KW  - Atmospheres
KW  - Insolation
KW  - Pluto
N1  - Accession Number: 121431329; Stern, S.A. 1; Email Address: astern2010@aol.com Binzel, R.P. 2 Earle, A.M. 2 Singer, K.N. 1 Young, L.A. 1 Weaver, H.A. 3 Olkin, C.B. 1 Ennico, K. 4 Moore, J.M. 4 McKinnon, W.B. 5 Spencer, J.R. 1; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  3: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p47; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: SURFACE pressure; Subject Term: GEOMORPHOLOGY; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC models; Subject Term: SOLAR system; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Insolation; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.022
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431329&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lisse, C.M.
AU  - Jr.McNutt, R.L.
AU  - Wolk, S.J.
AU  - Bagenal, F.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - Gladstone, G.R.
AU  - Cravens, T.E.
AU  - Hill, M.E.
AU  - Kollmann, P.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Strobel, D.F.
AU  - Elliott, H.A.
AU  - McComas, D.J.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Snios, B.T.
AU  - Bhardwaj, A.
AU  - Chutjian, A.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Ennico, K.A.
T1  - The puzzling detection of x-rays from Pluto by Chandra.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 103
EP  - 109
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Using Chandra ACIS-S , we have obtained low-resolution imaging X-ray spectrophotometry of the Pluto system in support of the New Horizons flyby on 14 July 2015. Observations were obtained in a trial “seed” campaign conducted in one visit on 24 Feb 2014, and a follow-up campaign conducted soon after the New Horizons flyby that consisted of 3 visits spanning 26 Jul to 03 Aug 2015. In a total of 174 ksec of on-target time, in the 0.31 to 0.60 keV passband, we measured 8 total photons in a co-moving 11 × 11 pixel 2 box (the 90% flux aperture determined by observations of fixed background sources in the field) measuring ∼121,000 × 121,000 km 2 (or ∼100 × 100 R Pluto ) at Pluto. No photons were detected from 0.60 to 1.0 keV in this box during the same exposures. Allowing for background, we find a net signal of 6.8 counts and a statistical noise level of 1.2 counts, for a detection of Pluto in this passband at > 99.95% confidence. The Pluto photons do not have the spectral shape of the background, are coincident with a 90% flux aperture co-moving with Pluto, and are not confused with any background source, so we consider them as sourced from the Pluto system. The mean 0.31 - 0.60 keV X-ray power from Pluto is 200 +200/ -100 MW, in the middle range of X-ray power levels seen for other known Solar System emission sources: auroral precipitation, solar X-ray scattering, and charge exchange (CXE) between solar wind (SW) ions and atmospheric neutrals. We eliminate auroral effects as a source, as Pluto has no known magnetic field and the New Horizons Alice UV spectrometer detected no airglow from Pluto during the flyby. Nano-scale atmospheric haze particles could lead to enhanced resonant scattering of solar X-rays from Pluto, but the energy signature of the detected photons does not match the solar spectrum and estimates of Pluto's scattered X-ray emission are 2 to 3 orders of magnitude below the 3.9 ± 0.7 × 10 −5 cps found in our observations. Charge-exchange-driven emission from hydrogenic and heliogenic SW carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (CNO) ions can produce the energy signature seen, and the 6 × 10 25 neutral gas escape rate from Pluto deduced from New Horizons’ data ( Gladstone et al. 2016 ) can support the ∼3.0 +3.0/ -1.5 × 10 24 X-ray photons/s emission rate required by our observations. Using the solar wind proton density and speed measured by the Solar Wind Around Pluto (SWAP) instrument in the vicinity of Pluto at the time of the photon emissions, we find a factor of 40 +40/ -20 lower SW minor ions flowing planarly into an 11 × 11 pixel 2 , 90% flux box centered on Pluto than are needed to support the observed emission rate. Hence, the SW must be somehow significantly focused and enhanced within 60,000 km (projected) of Pluto for this mechanism to work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - SOLAR wind
KW  - SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
KW  - PHOTONS
KW  - Interplanetary medium
KW  - Pluto, atmosphere
KW  - Solar wind
KW  - Spectroscopy
KW  - CHANDRA X-ray Observatory (U.S.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431334; Lisse, C.M. 1; Email Address: carey.lisse@jhuapl.edu Jr.McNutt, R.L. 1; Email Address: ralph.mcnutt@jhuapl.edu Wolk, S.J. 2; Email Address: swolk@cfa.harvard.edu Bagenal, F. 3; Email Address: bagenal@lasp.colorado.edu Stern, S.A. 4; Email Address: alan@boulder.swri.edu Gladstone, G.R. 5; Email Address: randy.gladstone@swri.org Cravens, T.E. 6; Email Address: cravens@ku.edu Hill, M.E. 1; Email Address: matthew.hill@jhuapl.edu Kollmann, P. 1; Email Address: peter.kollmann@jhuapl.edu Weaver, H.A. 1; Email Address: hal.weaver@jhuapl.edu Strobel, D.F. 7; Email Address: strobel@jhu.edu Elliott, H.A. 5; Email Address: helliott@swri.edu McComas, D.J. 8; Email Address: dmccomas@princeton.edu Binzel, R.P. 9; Email Address: rpb@mit.edu Snios, B.T. 10; Email Address: snios@phys.uconn.edu Bhardwaj, A. 11; Email Address: Bhardwaj_SPL@yahoo.com Chutjian, A. 12; Email Address: ara.chutjian@jpl.nasa.gov Young, L.A. 4; Email Address: layoung@boulder.swri.edu Olkin, C.B. 4; Email Address: colkin@boulder.swri.edu Ennico, K.A. 13; Email Address: Kimberly.Ennico@nasa.gov; Affiliation:  1: Planetary Exploration Group, Space Exploration Sector, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  2: Chandra X-ray Center, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA  3: Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303  4: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 28510, USA  6: Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Malott Hall, 1251 Wescoe Hall Dr., Lawrence, KS 66045, USA  7: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA  8: Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA  9: Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  10: Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA  11: Space Physics Laboratory, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Trivandrum 695022, India  12: Astrophysics and Space Sciences Section, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA  13: Astrophysics Branch, Space Sciences Division, NASA/Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p103; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: SOLAR wind; Subject Term: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY; Subject Term: PHOTONS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Interplanetary medium; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, atmosphere; Author-Supplied Keyword: Solar wind; Author-Supplied Keyword: Spectroscopy; Company/Entity: CHANDRA X-ray Observatory (U.S.); Number of Pages: 7p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.07.008
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431334&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Wong, Michael L.
AU  - Fan, Siteng
AU  - Gao, Peter
AU  - Liang, Mao-Chang
AU  - Shia, Run-Lie
AU  - Yung, Yuk L.
AU  - Kammer, Joshua A.
AU  - Summers, Michael E.
AU  - Gladstone, G. Randall
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Olkin, Catherine B.
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
T1  - The photochemistry of Pluto's atmosphere as illuminated by New Horizons.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 110
EP  - 115
SN  - 00191035
AB  - New Horizons has granted us an unprecedented glimpse at the structure and composition of Pluto's atmosphere, which is comprised mostly of N 2 with trace amounts of CH 4 , CO, and the photochemical products thereof. Through photochemistry, higher-order hydrocarbons are generated, coagulating into aerosols and resulting in global haze layers. Here we present a state-of-the-art photochemical model for Pluto's atmosphere to explain the abundance profiles of CH 4 , C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , and C 2 H 6 , the total column density of HCN, and to predict the abundance profiles of oxygen-bearing species. The CH 4 profile can be best matched by taking a constant-with-altitude eddy diffusion coefficient K zz profile of 1 × 10 3 cm 2 s –1 and a fixed CH 4 surface mixing ratio of 4 × 10 –3 . Condensation is key to fitting the C 2 hydrocarbon profiles. We find that C 2 H 4 must have a much lower saturation vapor pressure than predicted by extrapolations of laboratory measurements to Pluto temperatures. We also find best-fit values for the sticking coefficients of C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , and HCN. The top three precipitating species are C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , and C 2 H 6 , with precipitation rates of 179, 95, and 62 g cm –2 s –1 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - PHOTOCHEMISTRY
KW  - PRECIPITATION (Meteorology)
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC composition
KW  - Atmospheres, chemistry
KW  - Atmospheres, composition
KW  - Photochemistry
KW  - Pluto, atmosphere
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431340; Wong, Michael L. 1; Email Address: mlwong@caltech.edu Fan, Siteng 1 Gao, Peter 1 Liang, Mao-Chang 2 Shia, Run-Lie 1 Yung, Yuk L. 1 Kammer, Joshua A. 3 Summers, Michael E. 4 Gladstone, G. Randall 5,6 Young, Leslie A. 3 Olkin, Catherine B. 3 Ennico, Kimberly 7 Weaver, Harold A. 8 Stern, S. Alan 3; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA  2: Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan  3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  4: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA  6: University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p110; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMISTRY; Subject Term: PRECIPITATION (Meteorology); Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Photochemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, atmosphere; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 6p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431340&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Gao, Peter
AU  - Fan, Siteng
AU  - Wong, Michael L.
AU  - Liang, Mao-Chang
AU  - Shia, Run-Lie
AU  - Kammer, Joshua A.
AU  - Yung, Yuk L.
AU  - Summers, Michael E.
AU  - Gladstone, G. Randall
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Olkin, Catherine B.
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
T1  - Constraints on the microphysics of Pluto's photochemical haze from New Horizons observations.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 116
EP  - 123
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The New Horizons flyby of Pluto confirmed the existence of hazes in its atmosphere. Observations of a large high- to low- phase brightness ratio, combined with the blue color of the haze (indicative of Rayleigh scattering), suggest that the haze particles are fractal aggregates, perhaps analogous to the photochemical hazes on Titan. Therefore, studying the Pluto hazes can shed light on the similarities and differences between the Pluto and Titan atmospheres. We model the haze distribution using the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres assuming that the distribution is shaped by downward transport and coagulation of particles originating from photochemistry. Hazes composed of both purely spherical and purely fractal aggregate particles are considered. General agreement between model results and solar occultation observations is obtained with aggregate particles when the downward mass flux of photochemical products is equal to the column-integrated methane destruction rate ∼1.2 × 10 −14 g cm − 2 s −1 , while for spherical particles the mass flux must be 2–3 times greater. This flux is nearly identical to the haze production flux of Titan previously obtained by comparing microphysical model results to Cassini observations. The aggregate particle radius is sensitive to particle charging effects, and a particle charge to radius ratio of 30 e − /µm is necessary to produce ∼0.1–0.2 µm aggregates near Pluto's surface, in accordance with forward scattering measurements. Such a particle charge to radius ratio is 2–4 times higher than those previously obtained for Titan. Hazes composed of spheres with the same particle charge to radius ratio have particles that are 4 times smaller at Pluto's surface. These results further suggest that the haze particles are fractal aggregates. We also consider the effect of condensation of HCN, C 2 H 2 , C 2 H 4 , and C 2 H 6 on the haze particles, which may play an important role in shaping their altitude and size distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - MICROPHYSICS
KW  - PHOTOCHEMICAL smog
KW  - ATMOSPHERIC composition
KW  - Abundances, atmospheres
KW  - Atmospheres, chemistry
KW  - Atmospheres, composition
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Pluto, atmosphere
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431345; Gao, Peter 1; Email Address: gaoliu2000@gmail.com Fan, Siteng 1 Wong, Michael L. 1 Liang, Mao-Chang 2 Shia, Run-Lie 1 Kammer, Joshua A. 3 Yung, Yuk L. 1 Summers, Michael E. 4 Gladstone, G. Randall 5,6 Young, Leslie A. 3 Olkin, Catherine B. 3 Ennico, Kimberly 7 Weaver, Harold A. 8 Stern, S. Alan 3; Affiliation:  1: Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA  2: Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan  3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  4: George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA  6: University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA  7: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p116; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: MICROPHYSICS; Subject Term: PHOTOCHEMICAL smog; Subject Term: ATMOSPHERIC composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Abundances, atmospheres; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: Atmospheres, composition; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, atmosphere; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.030
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431345&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howett, C.J.A.
AU  - Parker, A.H.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Reuter, D.C.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Grundy, W.M.
AU  - Graps, A.L.
AU  - Harrison, K.P.
AU  - Throop, H.B.
AU  - Buie, M.W.
AU  - Lovering, J.R.
AU  - Porter, S.B.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - Beyer, R.A.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Cheng, A.F.
AU  - Cook, J.C.
T1  - Inflight radiometric calibration of New Horizons’ Multispectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC).
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 140
EP  - 151
SN  - 00191035
AB  - We discuss two semi-independent calibration techniques used to determine the inflight radiometric calibration for the New Horizons’ Multi-spectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC). The first calibration technique compares the measured number of counts (DN) observed from a number of well calibrated stars to those predicted using the component-level calibration. The ratio of these values provides a multiplicative factor that allows a conversation between the preflight calibration to the more accurate inflight one, for each detector. The second calibration technique is a channel-wise relative radiometric calibration for MVIC's blue, near-infrared and methane color channels using Hubble and New Horizons observations of Charon and scaling from the red channel stellar calibration. Both calibration techniques produce very similar results (better than 7% agreement), providing strong validation for the techniques used. Since the stellar calibration described here can be performed without a color target in the field of view and covers all of MVIC's detectors, this calibration was used to provide the radiometric keyword values delivered by the New Horizons project to the Planetary Data System (PDS). These keyword values allow each observation to be converted from counts to physical units; a description of how these keyword values were generated is included. Finally, mitigation techniques adopted for the gain drift observed in the near-infrared detector and one of the panchromatic framing cameras are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - RADIOMETRY
KW  - PLANETARY systems
KW  - MULTISPECTRAL imaging
KW  - NEAR infrared spectroscopy
KW  - Charon
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Pluto, surface
KW  - HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431328; Howett, C.J.A. 1; Email Address: howett@boulder.swri.edu Parker, A.H. 1 Olkin, C.B. 1 Reuter, D.C. 2 Ennico, K. 3 Grundy, W.M. 4 Graps, A.L. 5,6 Harrison, K.P. 7 Throop, H.B. 8 Buie, M.W. 1 Lovering, J.R. 9 Porter, S.B. 1 Weaver, H.A. 10 Young, L.A. 1 Stern, S.A. 1 Beyer, R.A. 3 Binzel, R.P. 11 Buratti, B.J. 12 Cheng, A.F. 10 Cook, J.C. 1; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  3: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  5: Planetary Science Institute, Riga, Latvia  6: University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia  7: Consultant, Denver, CO, USA  8: Planetary Science Institute, Mumbai, India  9: The Breakthrough Institute, Oakland, CA 94612, USA  10: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  11: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  12: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, La Cañada Flintridge, CA 91011, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p140; Subject Term: RADIOMETRY; Subject Term: PLANETARY systems; Subject Term: MULTISPECTRAL imaging; Subject Term: NEAR infrared spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, surface; Company/Entity: HUBBLE Space Telescope (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.12.007
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431328&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howett, C.J.A.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Buie, M.W.
AU  - Verbiscer, A.J.
AU  - Zangari, A.M.
AU  - Parker, A.H.
AU  - Reuter, D.C.
AU  - Grundy, W.M.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
T1  - Charon's light curves, as observed by New Horizons’ Ralph color camera (MVIC) on approach to the Pluto system.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 152
EP  - 160
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Light curves produced from color observations taken during New Horizons’ approach to the Pluto-system by its Multi-spectral Visible Imaging Camera (MVIC, part of the Ralph instrument) are analyzed. Fifty seven observations were analyzed, they were obtained between 9th April and 3rd July 2015, at a phase angle of 14.5° to 15.1°, sub-observer latitude of 51.2 °N to 51.5 °N, and a sub-solar latitude of 41.2°N. MVIC has four color channels; all are discussed for completeness but only two were found to produce reliable light curves: Blue (400–550 nm) and Red (540–700 nm). The other two channels, Near Infrared (780–975 nm) and Methane-Band (860–910 nm), were found to be potentially erroneous and too noisy respectively. The Blue and Red light curves show that Charon's surface is neutral in color, but slightly brighter on its Pluto-facing hemisphere. This is consistent with previous studies made with the Johnson B and V bands, which are at shorter wavelengths than that of the MVIC Blue and Red channel respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - LIGHT curves
KW  - MULTISPECTRAL imaging
KW  - Charon
KW  - Satellites, general
KW  - Satellites, surfaces
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431338; Howett, C.J.A. 1; Email Address: howett@boulder.swri.edu Ennico, K. 2 Olkin, C.B. 1 Buie, M.W. 1 Verbiscer, A.J. 3 Zangari, A.M. 1 Parker, A.H. 1 Reuter, D.C. 4 Grundy, W.M. 5 Weaver, H.A. 6 Young, L.A. 1 Stern, S.A. 1; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  4: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  5: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  6: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p152; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: LIGHT curves; Subject Term: MULTISPECTRAL imaging; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, general; Author-Supplied Keyword: Satellites, surfaces; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 9p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.031
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431338&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Nimmo, Francis
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - Conrad, Jack W.
AU  - Cheng, Andy
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Lauer, Tod R.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Robbins, Stuart
AU  - Schenk, Paul
AU  - Singer, Kelsi
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Zangari, Amanda M.
T1  - Charon tectonics.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 161
EP  - 174
SN  - 00191035
AB  - New Horizons images of Pluto’s companion Charon show a variety of terrains that display extensional tectonic features, with relief surprising for this relatively small world. These features suggest a global extensional areal strain of order 1% early in Charon’s history. Such extension is consistent with the presence of an ancient global ocean, now frozen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - PLATE tectonics
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - TERRAIN mapping
KW  - IMAGE processing
KW  - Charon
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Image processing
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Tectonics
N1  - Accession Number: 121431332; Beyer, Ross A. 1,2; Email Address: rbeyer@rossbeyer.net Nimmo, Francis 3 McKinnon, William B. 4 Moore, Jeffrey M. 2 Binzel, Richard P. 5 Conrad, Jack W. 3 Cheng, Andy 6 Ennico, K. 2 Lauer, Tod R. 7 Olkin, C.B. 8 Robbins, Stuart 8 Schenk, Paul 9 Singer, Kelsi 8 Spencer, John R. 8 Stern, S. Alan 8 Weaver, H.A. 6 Young, L.A. 8 Zangari, Amanda M. 8; Affiliation:  1: Sagan Center at the SETI Institute, 189 Berndardo Ave, Mountain View, California 94043, USA  2: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffet Field, CA 94035-0001, USA  3: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  4: Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA  5: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  6: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  7: National Optical Astronomy Observatories, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  8: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  9: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p161; Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: PLATE tectonics; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: TERRAIN mapping; Subject Term: IMAGE processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Image processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Tectonics; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812922 One-Hour Photofinishing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 812921 Photofinishing Laboratories (except One-Hour); Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.12.018
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431332&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Robbins, Stuart J.
AU  - Singer, Kelsi N.
AU  - Bray, Veronica J.
AU  - Schenk, Paul
AU  - Lauer, Tod R.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Runyon, Kirby
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Porter, Simon
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Hofgartner, Jason D.
AU  - Zangari, Amanda M.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - Buie, Marc W.
AU  - Buratti, Bonnie J.
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
T1  - Craters of the Pluto-Charon system.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 187
EP  - 206
SN  - 00191035
AB  - NASA's New Horizons flyby mission of the Pluto-Charon binary system and its four moons provided humanity with its first spacecraft-based look at a large Kuiper Belt Object beyond Triton. Excluding this system, multiple Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) have been observed for only 20 years from Earth, and the KBO size distribution is unconstrained except among the largest objects. Because small KBOs will remain beyond the capabilities of ground-based observatories for the foreseeable future, one of the best ways to constrain the small KBO population is to examine the craters they have made on the Pluto-Charon system. The first step to understanding the crater population is to map it. In this work, we describe the steps undertaken to produce a robust crater database of impact features on Pluto, Charon, and their two largest moons, Nix and Hydra. These include an examination of different types of images and image processing, and we present an analysis of variability among the crater mapping team, where crater diameters were found to average ± 10% uncertainty across all sizes measured (∼0.5–300 km). We also present a few basic analyses of the crater databases, finding that Pluto's craters' differential size-frequency distribution across the encounter hemisphere has a power-law slope of approximately –3.1 ± 0.1 over diameters D ≈ 15–200 km, and Charon's has a slope of –3.0 ± 0.2 over diameters D ≈ 10–120 km; it is significantly shallower on both bodies at smaller diameters. We also better quantify evidence of resurfacing evidenced by Pluto's craters in contrast with Charon's. With this work, we are also releasing our database of potential and probable impact craters: 5287 on Pluto, 2287 on Charon, 35 on Nix, and 6 on Hydra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - CRATERING
KW  - KUIPER belt
KW  - Charon
KW  - Craters
KW  - Data processing
KW  - Hydra
KW  - New Horizons
KW  - Nix
KW  - Pluto
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121431339; Robbins, Stuart J. 1; Email Address: stuart@boulder.swri.edu Singer, Kelsi N. 1 Bray, Veronica J. 2 Schenk, Paul 3 Lauer, Tod R. 4 Weaver, Harold A. 5 Runyon, Kirby 5 McKinnon, William B. 6 Beyer, Ross A. 7,8 Porter, Simon 1 White, Oliver L. 8 Hofgartner, Jason D. 9 Zangari, Amanda M. 1 Moore, Jeffrey M. 8 Young, Leslie A. 1 Spencer, John R. 1 Binzel, Richard P. 10 Buie, Marc W. 1 Buratti, Bonnie J. 9 Cheng, Andrew F. 5; Affiliation:  1: Southwest Research Institute, 1050 Walnut St., Suite 300, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  2: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States  3: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX, United States  4: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85726, United States  5: The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States  6: Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States  7: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Avenue, Suite 100, Mountain View CA 94043, United States  8: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 84043, United States  9: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States  10: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p187; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: CRATERING; Subject Term: KUIPER belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Craters; Author-Supplied Keyword: Data processing; Author-Supplied Keyword: Hydra; Author-Supplied Keyword: New Horizons; Author-Supplied Keyword: Nix; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 20p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.027
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431339&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Buratti, B.J.
AU  - Hofgartner, J.D.
AU  - Hicks, M.D.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - Momary, T.
AU  - Mosher, J.A.
AU  - Beyer, R.A.
AU  - Verbiscer, A.J.
AU  - Zangari, A.M.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Lisse, C.M.
AU  - Singer, K.
AU  - Cheng, A.
AU  - Grundy, W.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
T1  - Global albedos of Pluto and Charon from LORRI New Horizons observations.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 207
EP  - 217
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The exploration of the Pluto-Charon system by the New Horizons spacecraft represents the first opportunity to understand the distribution of albedo and other photometric properties of the surfaces of objects in the Solar System's “Third Zone” of distant ice-rich bodies. Images of the entire illuminated surface of Pluto and Charon obtained by the Long Range Reconnaissance Imager (LORRI) camera provide a global map of Pluto that reveals surface albedo variegations larger than any other Solar System world except for Saturn's moon Iapetus. Normal reflectances on Pluto range from 0.08–1.0, and the low-albedo areas of Pluto are darker than any region of Charon. Charon exhibits a much blander surface with normal reflectances ranging from 0.20–0.73. Pluto's albedo features are well-correlated with geologic features, although some exogenous low-albedo dust may be responsible for features seen to the west of the area informally named Tombaugh Regio. The albedo patterns of both Pluto and Charon are latitudinally organized, with the exception of Tombaugh Regio, with darker regions concentrated at the Pluto's equator and Charon's northern pole. The phase curve of Pluto is similar to that of Triton, the large moon of Neptune believed to be a captured Kuiper Belt Object (KBO), while Charon's is similar to that of the Moon. Preliminary Bond albedos are 0.25 ± 0.03 for Charon and 0.72 ± 0.07 for Pluto. Maps of an approximation to the Bond albedo for both Pluto and Charon are presented for the first time. Our work shows a connection between very high albedo (near unity) and planetary activity, a result that suggests the KBO Eris may be currently active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - ALBEDO
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - CHARON (Satellite)
KW  - PHOTOGRAPHIC reconnaissance systems
KW  - PHOTOMETRY
KW  - Charon
KW  - Kuiper belt
KW  - New Horizons , LORRI
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Surfaces
N1  - Accession Number: 121431324; Buratti, B.J. 1 Hofgartner, J.D. 1; Email Address: bonnie.buratti@jpl.nasa.gov Hicks, M.D. 1 Weaver, H.A. 2 Stern, S.A. 3 Momary, T. 1 Mosher, J.A. 1 Beyer, R.A. 4 Verbiscer, A.J. 5 Zangari, A.M. 3 Young, L.A. 3 Lisse, C.M. 2 Singer, K. 3 Cheng, A. 2 Grundy, W. 6 Ennico, K. 4 Olkin, C.B. 3; Affiliation:  1: Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, United States  2: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, United States  3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  4: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  5: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, United States  6: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ, United States; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p207; Subject Term: ALBEDO; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: CHARON (Satellite); Subject Term: PHOTOGRAPHIC reconnaissance systems; Subject Term: PHOTOMETRY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Charon; Author-Supplied Keyword: Kuiper belt; Author-Supplied Keyword: New Horizons , LORRI; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surfaces; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.012
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431324&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Protopapa, S.
AU  - Grundy, W.M.
AU  - Reuter, D.C.
AU  - Hamilton, D.P.
AU  - Dalle Ore, C.M.
AU  - Cook, J.C.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Schmitt, B.
AU  - Philippe, S.
AU  - Quirico, E.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Earle, A.M.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Howett, C.J.A.
AU  - Lunsford, A.W.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Parker, A.
AU  - Singer, K.N.
AU  - Stern, A.
AU  - Verbiscer, A.J.
T1  - Pluto’s global surface composition through pixel-by-pixel Hapke modeling of New Horizons Ralph/LEISA data.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 218
EP  - 228
SN  - 00191035
AB  - On July 14th 2015, NASA’s New Horizons mission gave us an unprecedented detailed view of the Pluto system. The complex compositional diversity of Pluto’s encounter hemisphere was revealed by the Ralph/LEISA infrared spectrometer on board of New Horizons. We present compositional maps of Pluto defining the spatial distribution of the abundance and textural properties of the volatiles methane and nitrogen ices and non-volatiles water ice and tholin. These results are obtained by applying a pixel-by-pixel Hapke radiative transfer model to the LEISA scans. Our analysis focuses mainly on the large scale latitudinal variations of methane and nitrogen ices and aims at setting observational constraints to volatile transport models. Specifically, we find three latitudinal bands: the first, enriched in methane, extends from the pole to 55°N, the second dominated by nitrogen, continues south to 35°N, and the third, composed again mainly of methane, reaches 20°N. We demonstrate that the distribution of volatiles across these surface units can be explained by differences in insolation over the past few decades. The latitudinal pattern is broken by Sputnik Planitia, a large reservoir of volatiles, with nitrogen playing the most important role. The physical properties of methane and nitrogen in this region are suggestive of the presence of a cold trap or possible volatile stratification. Furthermore our modeling results point to a possible sublimation transport of nitrogen from the northwest edge of Sputnik Planitia toward the south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - SPUTNIK satellites
KW  - SURFACE composition (Planetology)
KW  - IR spectrometers
KW  - Ices
KW  - IR spectroscopy
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Radiative transfer
KW  - Surface
KW  - UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration
N1  - Accession Number: 121431331; Protopapa, S. 1; Email Address: protopapa@astro.umd.edu Grundy, W.M. 2 Reuter, D.C. 3 Hamilton, D.P. 1 Dalle Ore, C.M. 4,5 Cook, J.C. 6 Cruikshank, D.P. 5 Schmitt, B. 7 Philippe, S. 7 Quirico, E. 7 Binzel, R.P. 8 Earle, A.M. 8 Ennico, K. 6 Howett, C.J.A. 6 Lunsford, A.W. 3 Olkin, C.B. 6 Parker, A. 6 Singer, K.N. 6 Stern, A. 6 Verbiscer, A.J. 9; Affiliation:  1: University of Maryland, Department of Astronomy, College Park, MD 20742, USA  2: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  3: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  7: Institut de Planétologie et Astrophysique de Grenoble, UGA/CNRS, IPAG, Grenoble Cedex 9, France  8: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  9: University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p218; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: SPUTNIK satellites; Subject Term: SURFACE composition (Planetology); Subject Term: IR spectrometers; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Radiative transfer; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface; Company/Entity: UNITED States. National Aeronautics & Space Administration; NAICS/Industry Codes: 927110 Space Research and Technology; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.11.028
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431331&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Schmitt, B.
AU  - Philippe, S.
AU  - Grundy, W.M.
AU  - Reuter, D.C.
AU  - Côte, R.
AU  - Quirico, E.
AU  - Protopapa, S.
AU  - Young, L.A.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Cook, J.C.
AU  - Cruikshank, D.P.
AU  - Dalle Ore, C.M.
AU  - Earle, A.M.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Howett, C.J.A.
AU  - Jennings, D.E.
AU  - Linscott, I.R.
AU  - Lunsford, A.W.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Parker, A.H.
T1  - Physical state and distribution of materials at the surface of Pluto from New Horizons LEISA imaging spectrometer.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 229
EP  - 260
SN  - 00191035
AB  - From Earth based observations Pluto is known to be the host of N2, CH4 and CO ices and also a dark red material. Very limited spatial distribution information is available from rotational visible and near-infrared spectral curves obtained from hemispheric measurements. In July 2015 the New Horizons spacecraft reached Pluto and its satellite system and recorded a large set of data. The LEISA spectro-imager of the RALPH instruments are dedicated to the study of the composition and physical state of the materials composing the surface. In this paper we report a study of the distribution and physical state of the ices and non-ice materials on Pluto's illuminated surface and their mode and degree of mixing. Principal Component analysis as well as various specific spectral indicators and correlation plots are used on the first set of 2 high resolution spectro-images from the LEISA instrument covering the whole illuminated face of Pluto at the time of the New Horizons encounter. Qualitative distribution maps have been obtained for the 4 main condensed molecules, N2, CH4, CO, H2O as well as for the visible-dark red material. Based on specific spectral indicators, using either the strength or the position of absorption bands, these 4 molecules are found to indicate the presence of 3 different types of ices: N2-rich:CH4:CO ices, CH4-rich(:CO:N2?) ices and H2O ice. The mixing lines between these ices and with the dark red material are studied using scatter plots between the various spectral indicators. CH4 is mixed at the molecular level with N2, most probably also with CO, thus forming a ternary molecular mixture that follows its phase diagram with low solubility limits. The occurrence of a N2-rich – CH4-rich ices mixing line associated with a progressive decrease of the CO/CH4 ratio tells us that a fractionation sublimation sequence transforms one type of ice to the other forming either a N2-rich – CH4-rich binary mixture at the surface or an upper CH4-rich ice crust that may hide the N2-rich ice below. The strong CH4-rich – H2O mixing line witnesses the subsequent sublimation of the CH4-rich ice lag left behind by the N2:CO sublimation (N spring-summer), or a direct condensation of CH4 ice on the cold H2O ice (S autumn). The weak mixing line between CH4-containing ices and the dark red material and the very sharp spatial transitions between these ices and this non-volatile material are probably due to thermal incompatibility. Finally the occurrence of a H2O ice – red material mixing line advocates for a spatial mixing of the red material covering H2O ice, with possibly a small amount intimately mixed in water ice. From this analysis of the different materials distribution and their relative mixing lines, H2O ice appears to be the substratum on which other ices condense or non-volatile organic material is deposited from the atmosphere. N2-rich ices seem to evolve to CH4-dominated ices, possibly still containing traces of CO and N2, as N2 and CO sublimate away. The spatial distribution of these materials is very complex. The high spatial definition of all these composition maps, as well as those at even higher resolution that will be soon available, will allow us to compare them with Pluto's geologic features observed by LORRI panchromatic and MVIC multispectral imagers to better understand the geophysical processes in action at the surface of this astonishingly active frozen world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - SPECTROMETERS
KW  - GEOPHYSICS
KW  - MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics)
KW  - IR spectroscopy – infrared observations
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Surface – ices
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431333; Schmitt, B. 1; Email Address: bernard.schmitt@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr Philippe, S. 1 Grundy, W.M. 2 Reuter, D.C. 3 Côte, R. 1 Quirico, E. 1 Protopapa, S. 4 Young, L.A. 5 Binzel, R.P. 6 Cook, J.C. 5 Cruikshank, D.P. 7 Dalle Ore, C.M. 7 Earle, A.M. 6 Ennico, K. 7 Howett, C.J.A. 5 Jennings, D.E. 3 Linscott, I.R. 8 Lunsford, A.W. 3 Olkin, C.B. 5 Parker, A.H. 5; Affiliation:  1: Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France  2: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  3: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA  4: Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  6: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  7: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  8: Stanford University, Stanford CA 94305, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p229; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: SPECTROMETERS; Subject Term: GEOPHYSICS; Subject Term: MULTIPLE correspondence analysis (Statistics); Author-Supplied Keyword: IR spectroscopy – infrared observations; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Surface – ices; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); NAICS/Industry Codes: 334519 Other Measuring and Controlling Device Manufacturing; Number of Pages: 32p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.12.025
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Nimmo, Francis
AU  - Singer, Kelsi N.
AU  - Umurhan, Orkan M.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Olkin, Cathy B.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Cheng, Andrew F.
AU  - Bertrand, Tanguy
AU  - Binzel, Richard P.
AU  - Earle, Alissa M.
AU  - Grundy, Will M.
T1  - Geological mapping of Sputnik Planitia on Pluto.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 261
EP  - 286
SN  - 00191035
AB  - The geology and stratigraphy of the feature on Pluto informally named Sputnik Planitia is documented through geologic mapping at 1:2,000,000 scale. All units that have been mapped are presently being affected to some degree by the action of flowing N 2 ice. The N 2 ice plains of Sputnik Planitia display no impact craters, and are undergoing constant resurfacing via convection, glacial flow and sublimation. Condensation of atmospheric N 2 onto the surface to form a bright mantle has occurred across broad swathes of Sputnik Planitia, and appears to be partly controlled by Pluto's obliquity cycles. The action of N 2 ice has been instrumental in affecting uplands terrain surrounding Sputnik Planitia, and has played a key role in the disruption of Sputnik Planitia's western margin to form chains of blocky mountain ranges, as well in the extensive erosion by glacial flow of the uplands to the east of Sputnik Planitia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - SPUTNIK satellites
KW  - GEOLOGICAL mapping
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - UPLANDS
KW  - STRATIGRAPHIC geology
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Ices
KW  - Pluto, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 121431325; White, Oliver L. 1; Email Address: oliver_luke_white@yahoo.co.uk Moore, Jeffrey M. 1 McKinnon, William B. 2 Spencer, John R. 3 Howard, Alan D. 4 Schenk, Paul M. 5 Beyer, Ross A. 1,6 Nimmo, Francis 7 Singer, Kelsi N. 3 Umurhan, Orkan M. 1 Stern, S. Alan 3 Ennico, Kimberly 1 Olkin, Cathy B. 3 Weaver, Harold A. 8 Young, Leslie A. 3 Cheng, Andrew F. 8 Bertrand, Tanguy 9 Binzel, Richard P. 10 Earle, Alissa M. 10 Grundy, Will M. 11; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  2: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  3: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  4: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  5: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  6: The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  7: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  8: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA  9: Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, IPSL, Sorbonne Universités, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France  10: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA  11: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p261; Subject Term: SPUTNIK satellites; Subject Term: GEOLOGICAL mapping; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: UPLANDS; Subject Term: STRATIGRAPHIC geology; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, surface; Number of Pages: 26p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.011
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431325&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Umurhan, Orkan M.
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Anderson, Robert S.
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
AU  - Olkin, Cathy B.
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
T1  - Present and past glaciation on Pluto.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 287
EP  - 300
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Modern N 2 ice glaciers flow from highlands to the east of the 750 × 1400 km 2 lowland of Sputnik Planum [ SP ] and merge with the ices of similar composition on SP. We explore the possibility that glaciation may be fed by N 2 sublimation from SP followed by redeposition on the highlands. The uplands to the northeast, north, and west of SP have been erosionally sculpted into a variety of dissected terrains that feature linear depressions (valleys), locally in dendritic networks. We interpret these dissected terrains to have been carved by N 2 glaciers formerly covering the uplands. Depositional glacial landforms (moraines, eskers, outwash) have not been identified, however. N 2 glaciation would have a different erosional manifestation because the substrate (porous water ice and CH 4 -rich mantles) probably has lower density than N 2 , and also because of the lack of freeze-thaw weathering. If sufficiently thick (1–4 km), N 2 glaciers might have experienced basal melting. Past flow of N 2 glaciers from the highlands into SP may have detached and transported the prominent mountainous water ice mountains along the western border of SP . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - GLACIATION
KW  - SPUTNIK satellites
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - UPLANDS
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Ices
KW  - Pluto, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 121431348; Howard, Alan D. 1; Email Address: ah6p@virginia.edu Moore, Jeffrey M. 2 Umurhan, Orkan M. 2 White, Oliver L. 2 Anderson, Robert S. 3 McKinnon, William B. 4 Spencer, John R. 5 Schenk, Paul M. 6 Beyer, Ross A. 2,7 Stern, S. Alan 5 Ennico, Kimberly 5 Olkin, Cathy B. 5 Weaver, Harold A. 8 Young, Leslie A. 2; Affiliation:  1: Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400123, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  2: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA  4: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  5: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  6: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  7: The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  8: The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p287; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: GLACIATION; Subject Term: SPUTNIK satellites; Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: UPLANDS; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, surface; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.07.006
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431348&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Umurhan, O.M.
AU  - Howard, A.D.
AU  - Moore, J.M.
AU  - Earle, A.M.
AU  - White, O.L.
AU  - Schenk, P.M.
AU  - Binzel, R.P.
AU  - Stern, S.A.
AU  - Beyer, R.A.
AU  - Nimmo, F.
AU  - McKinnon, W.B.
AU  - Ennico, K.
AU  - Olkin, C.B.
AU  - Weaver, H.A.
AU  - Young, L.A.
T1  - Modeling glacial flow on and onto Pluto’s Sputnik Planitia.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 301
EP  - 319
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Observations of Pluto’s surface made by the New Horizons spacecraft indicate present-day N 2 ice glaciation in and around the basin informally known as Sputnik Planitia. Motivated by these observations, we have developed an evolutionary glacial flow model of solid N 2 ice that takes into account its published thermophysical and rheological properties. This model assumes that glacial ice flows laminarly and has a low aspect ratio which permits a vertically integrated mathematical formulation. We assess the conditions for the validity of laminar N 2 ice motion by revisiting the problem of the onset of solid-state buoyant convection of N 2 ice for a variety of bottom thermal boundary conditions. Subject to uncertainties in N 2 ice rheology, N 2 ice layers are estimated to flow laminarly for thicknesses less than 400–1000 m. The resulting mass-flux formulation for when the N 2 ice flows as a laminar dry glacier is characterized by an Arrhenius–Glen functional form. The flow model developed is used here to qualitatively answer some questions motivated by features we interpret to be a result of glacial flow found on Sputnik Planitia. We find that the wavy transverse dark features found along the northern shoreline of Sputnik Planitia may be a transitory imprint of shallow topography just beneath the ice surface suggesting the possibility that a major shoreward flow event happened relatively recently, within the last few hundred years. Model results also support the interpretation that the prominent darkened features resembling flow lobes observed along the eastern shoreline of the Sputnik Planitia basin may be the result of a basally wet N 2 glacier flowing into the basin from the pitted highlands of eastern Tombaugh Regio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - SPUTNIK satellites
KW  - GLACIATION
KW  - RHEOLOGY
KW  - 00-01
KW  - 99-00
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Ices
KW  - Ices, mechanical properties
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Pluto, surface
KW  - NEW Horizons (Spacecraft)
N1  - Accession Number: 121431344; Umurhan, O.M. 1,2; Email Address: orkan.m.umurhan@nasa.gov Howard, A.D. 3 Moore, J.M. 1,2 Earle, A.M. 4 White, O.L. 1 Schenk, P.M. 5 Binzel, R.P. 4 Stern, S.A. 6 Beyer, R.A. 1,2 Nimmo, F. 7 McKinnon, W.B. 8 Ennico, K. 1 Olkin, C.B. 6 Weaver, H.A. 9 Young, L.A. 6; Affiliation:  1: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Ames Research Center, Space Science Division, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: SETI Institute, 189 Bernardo Ave, Suite 100, Mountain View, CA 94043, United States  3: University of Virginia, Department of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 400123 Charlottesville, VA 22904-4123, United States  4: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States  5: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd. Houston, TX 77058, United States  6: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, United States  7: Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, United States  8: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States  9: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, 20723, United States; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p301; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: SPUTNIK satellites; Subject Term: GLACIATION; Subject Term: RHEOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: 00-01; Author-Supplied Keyword: 99-00; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, surface; Company/Entity: NEW Horizons (Spacecraft); Number of Pages: 19p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.017
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431344&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Moore, Jeffrey M.
AU  - Howard, Alan D.
AU  - Umurhan, Orkan M.
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Beyer, Ross A.
AU  - McKinnon, William B.
AU  - Spencer, John R.
AU  - Grundy, Will M.
AU  - Lauer, Tod R.
AU  - Nimmo, Francis
AU  - Young, Leslie A.
AU  - Stern, S. Alan
AU  - Weaver, Harold A.
AU  - Olkin, Cathy B.
AU  - Ennico, Kimberly
T1  - Sublimation as a landform-shaping process on Pluto.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 287
M3  - Article
SP  - 320
EP  - 333
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Fields of pits, both large and small, in Tombaugh Regio (Sputnik Planitia, and the Pitted Uplands to the east), and along the scarp of Piri Rupes, are examples of landscapes on Pluto where we conclude that sublimation drives their formation and evolution. Our heuristic modeling closely mimics the form, spacing, and arrangement of a variety of Tombaugh Regio's pits. Pluto's sublimation modified landforms appear to require a significant role for (diffusive) mass wasting as suggested by our modeling. In our models, the temporal evolution of pitted surfaces is such that initially lots of time passes with little happening, then eventually, very rapid development of relief and rapid sublimation. Small pits on Sputnik Planitia are consistent with their formation in N 2 -dominated materials. As N 2 -ice readily flows, some other ``stiffer'' volatile ice may play a role in supporting the relief of sublimation degraded landforms that exhibit several hundred meters of relief. A strong candidate is CH 4 , which is spectroscopically observed to be associated with these features, but the current state of rheological knowledge for CH 4 ice at Pluto conditions is insufficient for a firm assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - PLUTO (Dwarf planet)
KW  - LANDFORMS
KW  - SUBLIMATION (Chemistry)
KW  - SPUTNIK satellites
KW  - RHEOLOGY
KW  - Geological processes
KW  - Ices
KW  - Ices, mechanical properties
KW  - Pluto
KW  - Pluto, surface
N1  - Accession Number: 121431330; Moore, Jeffrey M. 1; Email Address: jeff.moore@nasa.gov Howard, Alan D. 2 Umurhan, Orkan M. 1 White, Oliver L. 1 Schenk, Paul M. 3 Beyer, Ross A. 1,4 McKinnon, William B. 5 Spencer, John R. 6 Grundy, Will M. 7 Lauer, Tod R. 8 Nimmo, Francis 9 Young, Leslie A. 6 Stern, S. Alan 6 Weaver, Harold A. 10 Olkin, Cathy B. 6 Ennico, Kimberly 1; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, 94035, USA  2: Dept. Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA  3: Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA  4: The SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA  5: Dept. Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA  6: Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA  7: Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA  8: National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA  9: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA  10: Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 287, p320; Subject Term: PLUTO (Dwarf planet); Subject Term: LANDFORMS; Subject Term: SUBLIMATION (Chemistry); Subject Term: SPUTNIK satellites; Subject Term: RHEOLOGY; Author-Supplied Keyword: Geological processes; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices; Author-Supplied Keyword: Ices, mechanical properties; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pluto, surface; Number of Pages: 14p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2016.08.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121431330&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Panerai, Francesco
AU  - Ferguson, Joseph C.
AU  - Lachaud, Jean
AU  - Martin, Alexandre
AU  - Gasch, Matthew J.
AU  - Mansour, Nagi N.
T1  - Micro-tomography based analysis of thermal conductivity, diffusivity and oxidation behavior of rigid and flexible fibrous insulators.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2017/05//May2017 Part A
VL  - 108
M3  - Article
SP  - 801
EP  - 811
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Material properties and oxidation behavior of low-density felts used as substrates for conformal carbon/phenolic ablators were compared with those of a rigid carbon fiber preform used to manufacture heritage lightweight ablators. Synchrotron X-ray micro-tomography measurements were performed to characterize the materials’ microstructure at the scale of the fibers. Using the tomography voxels as computational grids, tortuosity in the continuum regime, and room temperature conductivity were computed. Micro-scale simulations of the oxidation of carbon fibers were carried out using a random walk model for oxygen diffusion and a sticking probability law to model surface reactions. The study shows that, due to a higher porosity and lower connectivity, the felt materials have lower thermal conductivity but a faster recession rate than that of the rigid preform. Challenges associated with computations based on micro-tomography are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - CARBON fibers
KW  - TOMOGRAPHY
KW  - THERMAL conductivity
KW  - THERMAL diffusivity
KW  - ELECTRIC insulators & insulation
KW  - OXIDATION
KW  - A. Carbon fibers
KW  - B. Oxidation
KW  - B. Porosity
KW  - B. Thermal properties
N1  - Accession Number: 120756344; Panerai, Francesco 1,2; Email Address: francesco.panerai@nasa.gov Ferguson, Joseph C. 1,3 Lachaud, Jean 4 Martin, Alexandre 1 Gasch, Matthew J. 5 Mansour, Nagi N. 6; Affiliation:  1: Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kentucky, 151 Ralph G. Anderson Bldg., Lexington, KY 40506, USA  2: AMA Inc. at NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  3: STC at NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 258-6, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  4: Silicon Valley Initiatives, University of California Santa Cruz, NASA Ames Research Park, Bldg. 19, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  5: Thermal Protection Systems and Materials Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 234-1, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA  6: Advanced Supercomputing Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 258-5, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA; Source Info: May2017 Part A, Vol. 108, p801; Subject Term: CARBON fibers; Subject Term: TOMOGRAPHY; Subject Term: THERMAL conductivity; Subject Term: THERMAL diffusivity; Subject Term: ELECTRIC insulators & insulation; Subject Term: OXIDATION; Author-Supplied Keyword: A. Carbon fibers; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Oxidation; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Porosity; Author-Supplied Keyword: B. Thermal properties; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335991 Carbon and Graphite Product Manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 326290 Other rubber product manufacturing; NAICS/Industry Codes: 335930 Wiring device manufacturing; Number of Pages: 11p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.12.048
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=120756344&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Jacobson, Nathan
AU  - Ingersoll, Nolan
AU  - Myers, Dwight
T1  - Vaporization coefficients of SiO2 and MgO.
JO  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
JF  - Journal of the European Ceramic Society
Y1  - 2017/05//
VL  - 37
IS  - 5
M3  - Article
SP  - 2245
EP  - 2252
SN  - 09552219
AB  - The vaporization coefficients are measured for both SiO 2 (cristobalite) and the (100) face of MgO. These oxides vaporize congruently and are studied with free surface (Langmuir) vaporization using a vacuum thermogravimetric apparatus. The measured fluxes are compared to the calculated equilibrium fluxes to determine vaporization coefficients. Post-vaporization microstructures are also examined and discussed in regard to the vaporization process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of Journal of the European Ceramic Society is the property of Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - VAPORIZATION
KW  - PHASE transformations (Physics)
KW  - PHASE rule & equilibrium
KW  - CRISTOBALITE
KW  - MICROSTRUCTURE
KW  - High temperature chemistry
KW  - MgO
KW  - SiO 2
KW  - Vaporization
KW  - Vaporization coefficients
N1  - Accession Number: 121134171; Jacobson, Nathan 1; Email Address: nathan.s.jacobson@nasa.gov Ingersoll, Nolan 2 Myers, Dwight 3; Affiliation:  1: NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44135, United States  2: University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, United States  3: East Central University, Ada, OK 74820, United States; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 37 Issue 5, p2245; Subject Term: VAPORIZATION; Subject Term: PHASE transformations (Physics); Subject Term: PHASE rule & equilibrium; Subject Term: CRISTOBALITE; Subject Term: MICROSTRUCTURE; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: MgO; Author-Supplied Keyword: SiO 2; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaporization; Author-Supplied Keyword: Vaporization coefficients; Number of Pages: 8p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2016.12.042
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DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - Lachaud, J.
AU  - Scoggins, J.B.
AU  - Magin, T.E.
AU  - Meyer, M.G.
AU  - Mansour, N.N.
T1  - A generic local thermal equilibrium model for porous reactive materials submitted to high temperatures.
JO  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
JF  - International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer
Y1  - 2017/05/02/May2017 Part B
VL  - 108
M3  - Article
SP  - 1406
EP  - 1417
SN  - 00179310
AB  - Many engineering applications involve reacting porous materials submitted to high temperatures. This work presents a detailed but pragmatic heat and mass transfer model for porous materials containing several solid phases and a single gas phase. The detailed chemical interactions occurring between the solid phases and the gas phase are modeled at the pore scale assuming local thermal equilibrium. Homogenized models are obtained for solid pyrolysis, pyrolysis species injection in the gas phase, heterogeneous reactions between the solid phases and the gas phase, and homogeneous reactions in the gas phase. The chemistry models are integrated in a macroscopic model making use of volume-averaged governing equations for the conservation of solid mass, gas mass, species (finite-rate chemistry) or elements (equilibrium chemistry), momentum, and energy. The model has been implemented in the Porous Material Analysis Toolbox based on OpenFoam (PATO), distributed Open Source by NASA. Applications to two high-temperature engineering problems are presented. The first application concerns the design of heat-shields of space vehicles. The second one aims at improving the understanding of biomass pyrolysis for the production of biohydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of International Journal of Heat & Mass Transfer is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
KW  - THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium
KW  - POROUS materials
KW  - MASS transfer
KW  - HEAT transfer
KW  - TOXICOLOGICAL interactions
KW  - Chemistry
KW  - High temperature
KW  - Porous media
KW  - Pyrolysis
KW  - Transport
N1  - Accession Number: 121275580; Lachaud, J. 1,2; Email Address: jean.lachaud@c-la-vie.org Scoggins, J.B. 3 Magin, T.E. 3 Meyer, M.G. 4 Mansour, N.N. 5; Affiliation:  1: University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA  2: C la Vie, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia  3: von Karman Institute, Rhode-Saint-Genése, Belgium  4: PPME, EA 3325, University of New Caledonia, Noumea, New Caledonia  5: NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA; Source Info: May2017 Part B, Vol. 108, p1406; Subject Term: THERMODYNAMIC equilibrium; Subject Term: POROUS materials; Subject Term: MASS transfer; Subject Term: HEAT transfer; Subject Term: TOXICOLOGICAL interactions; Author-Supplied Keyword: Chemistry; Author-Supplied Keyword: High temperature; Author-Supplied Keyword: Porous media; Author-Supplied Keyword: Pyrolysis; Author-Supplied Keyword: Transport; Number of Pages: 12p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.067
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121275580&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  - 

TY  - JOUR
AU  - White, Oliver L.
AU  - Schenk, Paul M.
AU  - Bellagamba, Anthony W.
AU  - Grimm, Ashley M.
AU  - Dombard, Andrew J.
AU  - Bray, Veronica J.
T1  - Impact crater relaxation on Dione and Tethys and relation to past heat flow.
JO  - ICARUS
JF  - ICARUS
Y1  - 2017/05/15/
VL  - 288
M3  - Article
SP  - 37
EP  - 52
SN  - 00191035
AB  - Relating relaxation of impact crater topography to past heat flow through the crusts of icy satellites is a technique that has been applied to satellites around Jupiter and Saturn. We use global digital elevation models of the surfaces of Dione and Tethys generated from Cassini data to obtain crater depth/diameter ( d/D ) data. Relaxation is found to affect craters down to smaller diameters on these satellites compared to Rhea. We perform relaxation simulations in order to assess the heat flow necessary to relax craters on Dione and Tethys to their present morphologies. Heat flows exceeding 60 mW m −2 are required to relax several craters on both satellites, and relaxation appears to be subject to geographical controls. On Dione, we define a ‘relaxation dichotomy’ that separates the more relaxed craters in sparsely cratered plains from the less relaxed craters in heavily cratered terrain. The configuration of this dichotomy resembles that of the structural-geological dichotomy on Enceladus, implying that a similar resonance-induced tidal heating mechanism concentrated in the southern hemisphere may have affected both satellites. Defining geographical distribution of relaxation on Tethys is hindered by the presence of the young Odysseus impact and its associated ejecta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
AB  - Copyright of ICARUS is the property of Academic Press Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
N1  - Accession Number: 121755115; White, Oliver L. 1; Email Address: oliver_luke_white@yahoo.co.uk Schenk, Paul M. 2; Email Address: schenk@lpi.usra.edu Bellagamba, Anthony W. 3; Email Address: tonybellagamba@gmail.com Grimm, Ashley M. 3; Email Address: agrimm4@uic.edu Dombard, Andrew J. 3; Email Address: adombard@uic.edu Bray, Veronica J. 4; Email Address: vjbray@lpl.arizona.edu; Affiliation:  1: NASA Ames Research Center, MS 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, United States  2: Lunar and Planetary Institute, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston, TX 77058, United States  3: Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60607, United States  4: Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1541 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Source Info: May2017, Vol. 288, p37; Number of Pages: 16p; Document Type: Article
L3  - 10.1016/j.icarus.2017.01.025
UR  - https://auth.lib.unc.edu/ezproxy_auth.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=121755115&site=ehost-live&scope=site
DP  - EBSCOhost
DB  - aph
ER  -